bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How does cyber incivility affect work withdrawal? The mediating role of basic need satisfaction and burnout and moderating role of conscientiousness
Authors: Ju Boreum (Jenny) , Pak Sunjin
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of cyber incivility on adverse work outcomes of work withdrawal and turnover intention. Specifically, we draw on self-determination theory and conservation of resources theory to examine the mediating roles of basic need satisfaction and burnout in the relationship between cyber incivility and work outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

We used Mplus 7.4 software with a maximum likelihood robust (MLR) estimator to test the structural equation modeling. We followed Anderson and Gerbing’s guidelines to test the hypotheses.

Findings

The results based on time-lagged data from 685 full-time workers in the United States provide support for the hypotheses that cyber incivility is indirectly associated with work withdrawal and turnover intention through basic need satisfaction and burnout. We also found that for individuals with high conscientiousness, the negative direct effect of cyber incivility on basic need satisfaction and the positive indirect effects of cyber incivility on work withdrawal and turnover intention through basic need satisfaction and burnout are stronger than for individuals with lower conscientiousness.

Originality/value

Our research revealed that when employees experience cyber incivility, they enter a defensive mode to protect their already stretched resources from unfulfilled basic need satisfaction. Specifically, experiencing cyber incivility interferes with meeting basic need satisfaction and leads to burnout, which, in turn, triggers defensive work withdrawal and turnover intention.
Corporate governance effectiveness and firm performance in global crisis: evidence from GCC countries
Authors: Alshdaifat Sajead Mowafaq , Abdul Hamid Mohamad Ali , Ab Aziz Noor Hidayah , Saidin Saidatunur Fauzi , Alhasnawi Mushtaq Yousif
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the impact of corporate governance (CG) effectiveness measured by board and audit committee index on firm performance of nonfinancial listed firms in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, pre- and during the global crisis of COVID-19.

Design/methodology/approach

The analysis used 2,238 observations from nonfinancial firms listed on GCC countries' stock exchange, covering the period from 2017 to 2022, using a fixed effect panel regression model. The data for this study were manually collected from the annual reports of 373 GCC-listed firms.

Findings

The results demonstrate that the board's effectiveness index has a positive influence solely on accounting-based performance (return on assets) pre- and during the COVID-19 crisis. However, in terms of audit committee effectiveness, the results show a positive impact on market-based performance (Tobin’s Q) both pre- and during the COVID-19 crisis. Additional analysis indicates that the effectiveness of both the board and audit committee is more notable in larger firms compared to smaller firms.

Practical implications

This study is crucial for investors, regulators, managers and governments tackling the financial impacts of global crises like COVID-19. Its comprehensive evaluation of board and audit committee effectiveness guides policymakers and practitioners in enhancing CG for profit and wealth maximization.

Originality/value

This study offers novel evidence detailing the impact of CG effectiveness on firm performance over an extended period, encompassing the COVID-19 period and using a comprehensive index. In addition, this study was conducted in a unique CG setting, focusing on six emerging GCC countries.
A viewpoint on the impact of fundamental attribution error in organizational learning
Authors: Carpenter Rob E. , Damlaj Wafa , Silberman Dave
Published: July 2024

Purpose

To explore the Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE) bias as a potential impediment to organizational learning and to develop a conceptual model for practitioners and scholars to consider.

Design/methodology/approach

Our methodology includes a review and adoption of concepts from social cognition, organizational psychology, and learning theory to examine the role of FAE bias in organizational learning.

Findings

FAE bias is characterized by providing implicit support for fostering employee cynicism and resistance behaviors and facilitates ongoing cognitive cycles that hinder collaborative learning and knowledge sharing.

Practical implications

By understanding the role of FAE bias in organizational learning, leaders can develop strategies to mitigate the negative impact of FAE bias on organizational learning dynamics and enhance a social cycle that can improve the organization's learning culture.

Social implications

This viewpoint highlights that FAE bias in the workplace can lead to a breakdown in how individuals process emotions (affect), actions (behavior) and thoughts (cognition) in social scenarios, exacerbating employee cynicism and resistance, which in turn undermines effective collaboration, communication and the overall social fabric essential for organizational learning.

Originality/value

This viewpoint presents a novel perspective by linking FAE bias directly to cognitive cycles that can impede organizational learning processes through cynicism and resistance behavior, which we propose should be proactively considered by organizations leveraging learning as a key management strategy.
Multi-objective optimization of bias current coefficient based on NSGA- III for active magnetic bearing with redundant electromagnetic actuators
Authors: Deng Shuai , Cheng Xin , Wu Huachun , Hu Yefa
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The multi-objective optimization configuration strategy is proposed due to the configuration of EMAs in fault-tolerant control of active magnetic bearing with redundant electromagnetic actuators involving high-dimensional, nonlinear, conflicting goals.

Design/methodology/approach

A multi-objective optimization model for bias current coefficients is established based on the nonlinear model of active magnetic bearings with redundant electromagnetic actuators. Based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm III, a numerical method is used to obtain feasible and non-inferior sets for the bias current coefficient.

Findings

(1) The conflicting relationship among the three optimization objectives was analyzed for various failure modes of EAMs. (2) For different EMAs' failure modes, the multi-objective optimization configuration strategy can simultaneously achieve the optimal or sub-optimal effective EMF, flux margins, and stability of EMF. Moreover, the characteristics of the optimal Pareto front are consistent with the physical properties of the AMB. (3) Compared with the feasible configuration of C0, the non-inferior configurations can significantly improve the performance of AMB, and the advantages of the multi-objective optimization configuration strategy become more prominent as the asymmetry of the residual supporting structure intensifies.

Originality/value

i) Considering the variation of the rotor displacement during the support reconstruction, a decision-making model that can accurately characterize the dynamic performance of AMB is presented. (ii) The interaction law between AMB and rotor under different failure modes of EMAs is analyzed, and the configuration principles for redundant EMAs are proposed. (iii) Based on the dynamic characteristics of AMB during the support reconstruction, effective EMF, energy consumption, and the Pearson correlation coefficient between the desired EMFs and the decoupled control currents are used as objective functions. iv. The NSGA-III is combined with the decision-making model to address the multi-objective optimization configuration problem of C0.
Physics-informed neural networks (P INNs): application categories, trends and impact
Authors: Ghalambaz Mohammad , Sheremet Mikhail A. , Khan Mohammed Arshad , Raizah Zehba , Shafi Jana
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore the evolving field of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) through an analysis of 996 records retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) database from 2019 to 2022.

Design/methodology/approach

WoS database was analyzed for PINNs using an inhouse python code. The author’s collaborations, most contributing institutes, countries and journals were identified. The trends and application categories were also analyzed.

Findings

The papers were classified into seven key domains: Fluid Dynamics and computational fluid dynamics (CFD); Mechanics and Material Science; Electromagnetism and Wave Propagation; Biomedical Engineering and Biophysics; Quantum Mechanics and Physics; Renewable Energy and Power Systems; and Astrophysics and Cosmology. Fluid Dynamics and CFD emerged as the primary focus, accounting for 69.3% of total publications and witnessing exponential growth from 22 papers in 2019 to 366 in 2022. Mechanics and Material Science followed, with an impressive growth trajectory from 3 to 65 papers within the same period. The study also underscored the rising interest in PINNs across diverse fields such as Biomedical Engineering and Biophysics, and Renewable Energy and Power Systems. Furthermore, the focus of the most active countries within each application category was examined, revealing, for instance, the USA’s significant contribution to Fluid Dynamics and CFD with 319 papers and to Mechanics and Material Science with 66 papers.

Originality/value

This analysis illuminates the rapidly expanding role of PINNs in tackling complex scientific problems and highlights its potential for future research across diverse domains.
Fifty years of management control systems research: a bibliometric review of the literature and research agenda
Authors: Truant Elisa , Crocco Edoardo , Culasso Francesca , Alshibani Safiya Mukhtar
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The popularity of Management Control Systems (MCS) has increased due to rising uncertainty in business operations. They help companies implement strategies, manage information and incentivize managers with common goals. Therefore, the research aims to take stock of the evolution of studies on MCS adoption, identifying trends and future avenues.

Design/methodology/approach

While a few systematic literature reviews have investigated the implications of MCS adoption amid specific contexts, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the whole research stream is lacking. Consequently, our study analyzes relevant scientific literature on the topic of MCS from 1970 to 2022, through the use of VOSviewer, R Bibliometrix and Latent Dirichlet Allocation to visualize the bibliometric results.

Findings

The study provides a comprehensive overview of key emerging topics in MCS literature and the ways in which they have developed over the decades, along with a structured research agenda built upon the literature gaps found amid current and past scientific production. It does so by analyzing scientific production from multiple bibliometric aspects and advanced text-mining techniques to extract common emerging themes from the dataset.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no attempt has yet been made to synthesize MCS literature through a bibliometric review. The bibliometric perspective on MCS enhances scholars' understanding of the historical path and future trends of the literature stream, while helping practitioners update existing MCS conceptualizations in light of contemporary changes.
Examining preference shares from the Shari’ah perspective: a systematic literature review
Authors: Nasr Wafa Mohammed Ali , Hasan Aznan
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This paper focuses on the different Shari’ah resolutions on preference shares. This study aims to provide a systematic review to cover all authentic, peer-reviewed literature on this issue between the years 2001 and 2020.

Design/methodology/approach

This library research combines, compares and contrasts the discussions and the results of all these papers besides the opinions and discussions of some renowned scholars in the field.

Findings

The aim of this paper was met as every research during that period was included and scrutinized which resulted in a comprehensive knowledge about the presence shares.

Research limitations/implications

One of the limitations was the limited research on the Shari’ah issues in preference shares as a regulatory capital that meets Basel III accords.

Originality/value

This paper will be the reference for any researcher who wants to add value on this issue and to start from where researchers ended.
Motivation-oriented factors of women entrepreneurship: mediating role of challenges
Authors: Kuhar Nupur , Shunmugasundaram V.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the effect of push, pull, balanced, and emotional factors on the motivational level of female entrepreneurship in Haryana state, India.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative study was conducted in Haryana's five districts among 384 women entrepreneurs using a convenience sampling method with a structured questionnaire. This study used structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the hypotheses.

Findings

The study found that Push, Emotional Factors, and Challenges have a significant impact on the motivational level of women’s entrepreneurship and Challenges only mediate with the Push and Pull factors.

Research limitations/implications

Generalization of results based on data from a few districts of Haryana state in India. A cross-sectional study was performed as a Longitudinal study helps in analyzing the changing character of women entrepreneurs and the prime reasons behind their success. Non-probability sampling technique was used in the study whereas probability sampling technique promotes reliability and reduces systematic error and sampling bias.

Practical implications

Pull factors can be promoted through mentoring, counseling, and entrepreneurship training programs. Creating a conducive external environment with job security and financial support from external agencies is essential. The Government of India should take the necessary steps to reduce the hindrances faced by women entrepreneurship while raising funds through banks and financial institutions.

Originality/value

The study employed a mediating variable, challenges, to investigate the impact of factors on the motivational levels of women entrepreneurs. To the best of our knowledge, this approach has not been utilized in previous research, making the current study a novel contribution to the field.
Transforming the remittance industry: harnessing the power of blockchain technology
Authors: Christodoulou Ioannis , Rizomyliotis Ioannis , Konstantoulaki Kleopatra , Nazarian Alireza , Binh Do
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study employs an interpretivist approach to investigate how blockchain technology can transform the remittance industry.

Design/methodology/approach

We collected data from blockchain experts with extensive experience, compellingly demonstrating the revolutionary impact of blockchain technology on the remittance sector.

Findings

Despite experiencing rapid growth, the global remittance sector still faces challenges such as high costs and lengthy transaction times. However, blockchain technology, known for disrupting emerging industries, offers a decentralized and secure mechanism for containing, storing and managing information. By leveraging rapid block confirmations, blockchain reduces settlement times in remittance transactions, enabling value transfers between parties with just a crypto wallet.

Research limitations/implications

The implications of this study are profound for theorists, as it validates existing theoretical frameworks, identifies specific pain points and explores exciting opportunities presented by blockchain technology. Additionally, we provide a roadmap for future research and innovation, bridging theory and practice and setting the stage for advancement, fostering knowledge, innovation and the successful integration of blockchain technology in the remittance industry.

Originality/value

Analysis highlights a unanimous consensus among experts regarding the transformative potential of blockchain technology in the remittance industry. This consensus serves as a strong impetus for practitioners to swiftly adopt blockchain-based solutions, capitalizing on opportunities such as stable coin issuance, elimination of intermediaries in foreign exchange trading, access to liquidity and the exploration of new business models. Successfully addressing challenges like congestion and limited reach will ensure seamless integration.
The effect of STARA awareness on hotel employees' turnover intention and work engagement: the mediating role of perceived organisational support
Authors: Başer Miraç Yücel , Büyükbeşe Tuba , Ivanov Stanislav
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The proliferation of Smart Technologies, Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Algorithms (STARA) in the tourism and hospitality (T&H) industry has been shown to trigger negative employee behaviour associated with awareness of these technologies. This study expands the existing literature on technology and organisational behaviour from the perspective of hospitality employees based on a dual appraisal of STARA awareness.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample included 324 Turkish hotel employees, and the analysis was conducted through partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).

Findings

Results revealed the negative impact of STARA awareness on job outcomes among hotel employees. STARA awareness negatively affected the psychological relationship between individuals and organisations. Despite these findings, when perceived as a companion that could support employees' career development, STARA technologies increased employees’ work engagement.

Practical implications

Organisational support plays a critical role in decreasing employees’ fear of technological unemployment. Hotel managers can increase employees' commitment to the organisation by helping them feel valued and supported. However, the support they give to employees will not always work. While more optimistic employees are warmer toward the organisation, depressed employees may not recognise the value the organisation gives them. Hence, managers should strive to offer personalised assistance that addresses the distinct requirements and worries of individual employees.

Originality/value

The research provides a two-sided assessment, extending the one-sided negative perceptions of employees towards STARA technologies. The research is grounded in the Transactional Stress Theory and provides significant implications for the Job Demands-Resources Theory, Person-Organisation Fit Theory, and Self-Determination Theory.
User perceptions of ICT-based library services in the universities of Bangladesh
Authors: Helen Anita
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The main purpose of this study is to explore the existing information and communication technologies (ICTs) scenario in public and private university libraries in Bangladesh. The aim of the study was to determine the use and extent of ICT implementation for collection development practices of the said institutions.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on a structured questionnaire for university library users. Students' opinions have been encapsulated, and the data findings were analyzed and presented in light of the responses.

Findings

For students who responded to the questionnaire, their ICT-based knowledge usage experience is not up to the mark. In general, it was found that students had limited knowledge about ICT-based resources and services. Besides this, the study also showed how to improve the entire condition and services of these libraries by adopting modern technology. This investigation reveals the situation they encountered in applying information technology and puts forward necessary recommendations that may help improve their services in the information storing and dissemination process.

Originality/value

This study focuses on the user perceptions of ICT-based library services in university libraries in Bangladesh. It will prompt further research on user perceptions of ICT-based library services in academic libraries globally.
Arrogance from favor: the better supervisor-subordinate guanxi, the more counterproductive work behaviors
Authors: Xiayi Liu , Yang Taoyan , Wan Wenhai
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Drawing on the attribution theory, this study re-examined the effect of supervisor-subordinate guanxi (SSG) on counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs) by highlighting the critical moderating role of job self-efficacy and the mediating role of psychological entitlement, with the aim of revealing the potential drawbacks of SSG.

Design/methodology/approach

Three-wave matched data were collected from 434 employees working in China. The authors adopted path analysis in Mplus 7.4 to test the hypotheses proposed in this study.

Findings

The results suggested that among subordinates with high job self-efficacy, SSG triggers psychological entitlement, which subsequently leads to CWBs.

Originality/value

This research challenges the prevailing consensus regarding the beneficial effects of SSG on subordinate management from the social exchange theory perspective by revealing when and why high-quality SSG can also engender subordinates’ psychological entitlement and subsequent CWBs. By doing so, this study provides a more dialectical view of the impact of establishing high-quality SSG in human resource management.
The impact of social media marketing on brand awareness, brand engagement and purchase intention in emerging economies
Authors: Zeqiri Jusuf , Koku Paul Sergius , Dobre Costinel , Milovan Anca-Maria , Hasani Vjollca Visoka , Paientko Tetiana
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Purpose. Based on the Uses and Gratifications Theory (UGT), theory of consumer brand engagement (CBE), and empirical findings, we examine the impact of social media marketing (SMM) on brand awareness (BA), consumer brand engagement (CBE), and purchase intention in emerging economies.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected in North Macedonia, Albania, Kosovo, Romania, and Ukraine from 1808 social media users, through a self-administered online survey. Partial least square structural equation modeling was used to assess the theoretical model, and a multi-group analysis to explore the differences between countries.

Findings

Social media marketing has a positive impact on brand awareness, brand engagement, and purchase intention, while country moderates the relationship between brand engagement and purchase intention. We reveal differences among countries regarding SMM's impact on brand engagement and purchase intention.

Practical implications

The study promotes SM's impact on brand communications, providing consumer insights that help companies design effective SMM strategies, using similarities and differences in emerging economies. The different levels of CBE and their different influences on purchase intention require a focus on the motivations for brand engagement in social media and the type of content preferred by consumers in each country. The originality of our research lies in our examination of the impact of social media marketing on consumer behavior in five emerging countries. Additionally, we are investigating how the country of origin influences the relationship between social media marketing, brand awareness, consumer behavior, and purchase intention in different countries.

Originality/value

The originality of our research lies in our examination of the impact of social media marketing on consumer behavior in five emerging countries. Additionally, we are investigating how the country of origin influences the relationship between social media marketing, brand awareness, consumer behavior, and purchase intention in different countries.
Protein hydrolysates of millets: an effective therapeutic to wide range of diseases
Authors: Pandey Anand Kumar , Verma Shalja
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Millets are underused crops that have the potential to withstand harsh environmental conditions. Recent research has proved immense nutritional benefits associated with millets which have increased their utilization to some extent but yet their sole potential is left to be exploited. Different millet varieties have exceptional nutritional and nutraceutical properties which can ameliorate even the deadly conditions of cancers. They have significant protein composition ranging from 10% to 12% which possess effective bioactive potential. Protein hydrolysates containing bioactive peptides have been evaluated for their therapeutic effects against a variety of diseases. This review aims to discuss the bioactive potential of different millet protein hydrolysates to encourage research for development of effective natural therapeutics.

Design/methodology/approach

The present article elaborates on effective studies on the therapeutic effects of millet protein hydrolysates.

Findings

Several effective millet peptides have been reported for their therapeutic effect against different diseases and their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial and antidiabetic effects have been investigated.

Originality/value

This review focuses on millet bioactive peptides and their significance in treating variety of diseases. Thus, will further encourage research to explore the novel therapeutic effects of millet proteins hydrolysates which can eventually result in the development of natural and safe therapeutics.
Technological workforces of events: where and how to use them?
Authors: Dalgic Ali , Demircioğlu Dalgıç Ayşegül Simge
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to identify which technologies can be beneficial due to human resource shortages in events and to determine the areas in which these technological applications can be utilized.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is designed as a conceptual study that involves a review of the relevant literature, an examination of the current situation, and the presentation of conclusions and recommendations. The study first introduces the technologies used in events and identifies the areas where these technologies can replace human resources. It concludes with a summary of findings and recommendations.

Findings

Due to human resource shortages in events, technologies such as robots/robotics, AI, IoT, and AR/VR can be utilized effectively. Robots/robotics can manage participant registration, provide information on products and services, prepare and serve food and beverages, perform (e.g. as dancers or musicians), manage crowds, and ensure security. AI aids in event creation (names, slogans, logos), developing promotional materials, marketing, and data analysis. IoT supports participant registration, check-in processes, venue climate control, heat mapping, and gathering preference data on products and activities. AR/VR enables pre-event space visualization and arrangement, and enhances entertainment and experiences.

Originality/value

This study provides significant insights for both practitioners and academics by highlighting technological applications that can replace human resources in events. Furthermore, it holds value for academics conducting research in event planning and management, allowing them to understand the current situation and identify gaps in the literature for future research.
A structured approach for building multi‐community State and Transition Models to support conservation planning
Authors: Good Megan K. , Rumpff Libby , Fraser Hannah , Gould Elliot , Jones Christopher S. , Prober Suzanne M. , Bourne Mark , Butt Nathalie , Byrne Margaret , Duncan David H. , Gorrod Emma , Gosper Carl R. , Jordan Rebecca , McIntyre Sue , Moore Joslin L. , Nerenberg Shana , Pulsford Stephanie , Richards Anna E. , Rogers Daniel J. , Sinclair Steve , Standish Rachel J. , Tulloch Ayesha , Travers Samantha K. , Vranjic John , White Matthew , Wilson Jenny , Begley Jim , Wright John , Yates Colin , Vesk Peter A.
Published: July 2024

Global declines in ecosystem extent and condition mean there is an increasing demand for recovery and conservation plans. Conservation plans for ecological communities require a management framework with measurable, time‐bound objectives. Efficient and structured processes that facilitate timely and comparable conservation plans are essential, especially where resources are constrained.

We describe a process to streamline the development of conservation plans by combining functionally similar community sub‐types into a multi‐community State and Transition Model that can be used to guide conservation planning. We demonstrate this approach in a case study using eucalypt dominated woodlands of southern Australia—an ecosystem which occupies a vast geographical range across temperate Australia and includes many distinct vegetation communities, a growing number of which are endangered or threatened.

Australian woodland ecologists (grouped according to their knowledge of three broad woodland sub‐types) were asked to develop causal chains to describe all factors associated with transitions among woodland condition states, and estimate the likelihoods associated with each transition at two time‐scales.

The resultant State and Transition Model includes a set of eight general condition states that are common to eucalypt dominated woodlands, and 364 unique causal chains describing the drivers of all plausible transitions. We include an example of how the same information can be presented as a series of decision trees aimed at supporting on‐ground management decisions.

The case study demonstrates that it is possible to construct a detailed State and Transition Model that synthesizes knowledge across multiple similar vegetation communities. To date, State and Transition Models focused on single communities or a smaller spatial scale, and this is the first attempt to construct a nationally relevant multi‐community State and Transition Model via a structured and participatory process.

Synthesis and applications. This approach can be applied at multiple spatial scales to improve and streamline the development of robust conservation plans to improve how we plan for, implement and measure global biodiversity outcomes.
A Dissenter in the Ranks: Barzillai Quaife's Mission to New Zealand
Authors: Moon Paul
Published: July 2024

The arrival of the Congregationalist minister Barzillai Quaife in New Zealand in 1840 casts a new light on the established historiography on the role of missionaries in the colony at this time, revealing substantial (imported) divisions between Anglicans and Dissenting sects, resulting in a level of antipathy that (ironically) exceeded that which existed between Protestants and Catholics in the country at this time. Quaife's presence also illuminates the overlapping roles of the Anglican mission as a branch of state polity as well as a distinct religious entity in the colony, how this othered Quaife's Congregationalist mission, and the potential for misconstruing individual personality traits with strongly‐held theological opinions.
The unregulated plant‐based ‘milk’ industry: A threat to nutrition, health and safety?
Authors: Arora Simran Kaur
Published: July 2024

The international market for plant‐based ‘milk‐alternatives’ (PBMA) is growing tremendously. There are concerns pertaining to their suitability for vulnerable people as they differ from natural milk in nutritional composition, flavour and digestibility. Currently, there exists no clear‐cut definition/identity/standards in almost all countries (except Canada) for them as well as for lab‐grown milk. The present paper focuses on novel areas of issues and challenges associated with their suitability to feed infants. It also raises concerns and priority areas for the regulators to develop policies regarding establishing standards and regulations for varied parameters to assure safety, health and wellness of consumers.
Optimising vaginal birth after caesarean in limited resource settings
Authors: Oyelese Yinka
Published: July 2024

Linked article: This is a mini commentary on Adu‐Takyi et al., pp. 1771–1779 in this issue. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/1471‐0528.17872.
Pollen identification of three notorious illicit drug plants and its potential applications in forensic practice
Authors: Wu Yi‐Ming , Lu Li‐Li , Xie Gan , Ferguson David Kay , Guo Hong‐Ling , Wang Yu‐Fei , Li Jin‐Feng
Published: July 2024

Opium poppy, coca and cannabis are raw materials for three notorious illicit drugs. For a long time, drug lords have been growing and smuggling these drugs in a variety of ways and channels and are continually finding new ways of trafficking their wares, which has led to the increasing difficulty of global drug enforcement. In the present paper, we propose an innovative pollen identification system for these important drug plants, which provides a tool for screening and detection of the drugs to aid in drug enforcement. By utilizing the characteristics of these fine particles, their abundant production, and high resistance to decay, we believe this tool could be applied in the following scenarios: detecting and dynamically monitoring drug cultivation activities; determining whether a suspect has been to fields of drug plants and determining whether the site has ever been planted with a drug plant and/or was involved in drug production. In the future, combined with microscope automatic image acquisition technology and intelligent image recognition technology, this pollen identification system is expected to be used to screen three notorious illicit drug plants, thus enhancing the efficiency of drug related crime investigations.
Rapid geomorphic assessment walkabouts as a tool for stream mitigation monitoring
Authors: Goode Jaime R. , Hawley Robert J. , Lewis Robert H. , Mulhall Bethany
Published: July 2024

Monitoring of compensatory stream mitigation projects conventionally relies on spatially discrete geometric data and habitat assessments collected from representative reaches. Project success is evaluated by extrapolating site‐scale metrics such as rapid bioassessment protocol (RBP) scores and time‐series changes in width‐to‐depth ratios to adjacent reaches. For example, an excellent RBP score at one location is used to infer excellent habitat in nearby reaches. This paper compares spatially discrete and continuous monitoring data from 38 km of restored stream length on a stream mitigation project in central Kentucky to document how conventional site‐level metrics may not represent conditions in adjacent reaches, particularly on projects plagued by post‐construction geomorphic instability (e.g., headcut migration, propagation of bank erosion, and chute cutoff formation). Over a 5‐year monitoring period, rapid visual assessment walkabouts documented project‐scale geomorphic process trajectories that were not captured by conventional site‐specific monitoring. Early detection of geomorphic instability from this rapid monitoring approach facilitated cost‐effective and tailored adaptive management (e.g., planting of live stakes to arrest bank erosion). Full‐census walkabouts can thereby help to improve mitigation credit valuation, enhance long‐term habitat protection, and facilitate successful steam restoration outcomes.
A roadmap for modelling radiation‐induced cardiac disease
Authors: Zhang Samuel C , Nikolova Andriana P , Kamrava Mitchell , Mak Raymond H , Atkins Katelyn M
Published: July 2024

Cardiac risk mitigation is a major priority in improving outcomes for cancer survivors as advances in cancer screening and treatments continue to decrease cancer mortality. More than half of adult cancer patients will be treated with radiotherapy (RT); therefore it is crucial to develop a framework for how to assess and predict radiation‐induced cardiac disease (RICD). Historically, RICD was modelled solely using whole heart metrics such as mean heart dose. However, data over the past decade has identified cardiac substructures which outperform whole heart metrics in predicting for significant cardiac events. Additionally, non‐RT factors such as pre‐existing cardiovascular risk factors and toxicity from other therapies contribute to risk of future cardiac events. In this review, we aim to discuss the current evidence and knowledge gaps in predicting RICD and provide a roadmap for the development of comprehensive models based on three interrelated components, (1) baseline CV risk assessment, (2) cardiac substructure radiation dosimetry linked with cardiac‐specific outcomes and (3) novel biomarker development.
Medical imaging in melioidosis – 20‐year experience in a non‐endemic Australian city
Authors: Earley Joel , Warne Richard
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Melioidosis may occasionally be encountered in non‐endemic areas and medical imaging is frequently used to identify and characterise sites of disease. The purpose of this study is to describe the spectrum of imaging findings encountered in melioidosis patients treated in the tertiary public hospitals of Perth, Western Australia, between 2002 and 2022.

Methods

A database search and electronic medical record review was used to identify cases. Cases were included if they had Burkholderia pseudomallei isolated on culture and if they had at least one diagnostic imaging study performed at a Perth public tertiary hospital. The relevant imaging studies were reviewed, and imaging findings were recorded.

Results

Thirty‐six cases were identified. The most common disease manifestation was bacteraemia (72%, 26 cases), followed by pulmonary infection (58%, 21 cases), skin and soft tissue infection (22%, eight cases), prostate abscess (14%, five cases) and septic arthritis (6%, two cases). A previously unreported case of isolated melioid pleural effusion was identified, as was a case of reactivated chronic latent pulmonary melioidosis with an apparent delay of over 20 years between the onset of symptoms and the time of infection. In cases with pulmonary melioidosis, the major lung abnormalities on CT chest could be categorised into one of two distinct patterns: nodular‐predominant (78%) or consolidation‐predominant (22%).

Conclusion

Further research is required to assess the utility of the pattern‐based categorisation of lung abnormalities on CT chest seen in the pulmonary melioidosis cases of this series.
Cost of lost productivity in inflammatory arthritis and osteoarthritis in the year before and after diagnosis: An inception cohort study
Authors: Xiang Ling , Graves Nicholas , Low Andrea H. L. , Leung Ying‐Ying , Fong Warren , Gan Wee‐Hoe , Gandhi Mihir , Thumboo Julian
Published: July 2024

Aim

Existing studies on the cost of inflammatory arthritis (IA) and osteoarthritis (OA) are often cross‐sectional and/or involve patients with various disease durations, thus not providing a comprehensive perspective on the cost of illness from the time of diagnosis. In this study, we therefore assessed the cost of lost productivity in an inception cohort of patients with IA and OA in the year before and after diagnosis.

Methods

Employment status, monthly income, days absent from work, and presenteeism were collected at diagnosis and 1 year later to estimate the annual costs of unemployment, absenteeism, and presenteeism using human capital approach. Non‐parametric bootstrapping was performed to account for the uncertainty of the estimated costs.

Results

Compared to patients with OA (n = 64), patients with IA (n = 102, including 48 rheumatoid arthritis, 19 spondyloarthritis, 23 psoriatic arthritis, and 12 seronegative IA patients) were younger (mean age: 52.3 vs. 59.5 years) with a greater proportion receiving treatment (99.0% vs. 67.2%) and a greater decrease in presenteeism score (median: 15% vs 10%) 1 year after diagnosis. Annual costs of absenteeism and presenteeism were lower in patients with IA than those with OA both in the year before (USD566 vs. USD733 and USD8,472 vs. USD10,684, respectively) and after diagnosis (USD636 vs. USD1,035 and USD6,866 vs. USD9,362, respectively).

Conclusion

Both IA and OA impose substantial cost of lost productivity in the year before and after diagnosis. The greater improvement in productivity seen in patients with IA suggests that treatment for IA improves work productivity.
Association between oxidative balance score and risk of gout: The NHANES cross‐sectional study, 2007–2018
Authors: Meng Fanzhang , Lu Siyi , Li Yingzi , Zhang Chen , Kang Tianlun , Qian Tangliang , Tan Chao , Liu Xiaoping , Hou Xiujuan
Published: July 2024

Background

The Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) is a systematic tool to assess the effects of diet and lifestyle in relation to oxidative stress. The association between OBS and gout has not been reported previously. We conducted a cross‐sectional study to investigate the complex association between OBS and gout in US adults.

Methods

In all, 10 492 participants were included in this study. The exposure variable was OBS, which was scored by 16 dietary and four lifestyle factors. Multivariate logistic regression, subgroup analysis, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression were used to analyze the association between OBS and gout.

Results

Compared with the lowest OBS quartile group (Q1), the multivariate corrected odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [C]) for the highest quartile of OBS (Q4) was 0.72 (0.52–1.00) (p = .13 for trend); furthermore, the RCS showed a negative linear relationship between OBS and gout (p‐nonlinear = .606).

Conclusion

In conclusion, the risk of gout is higher with high OBS. The prevalence of gout decreased with higher OBS. Diabetes may alter this negative correlation.
Trends and projection of burden on lung cancer and risk factors in China from 1990 to 2060
Authors: He Baozhen , Zhao Xingyu , Pu Yang , Sun Rong , Gao Xi , Liu Weiwei
Published: July 2024

Background

Lung cancer (LC) is currently the number one malignancy death rate disease in China, and its disease burden is serious. The study aimed to analyze trends of LC and its risk factor attributable disease in China from 1990 to 2019 and predict the next 41 years.

Methods

The average annual percentage change (AAPC) was used to analyze the trend of LC and its risk factor attributable incidence, deaths, and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) rate in China from 1990 to 2019, collected in the Global Burden of Disease 2019. Cochran–Armitage trends examine trends in lung cancer disease burden by sex, age, and attributable risk factor groups in China from 1990 to 2019. In addition, based on data on death and DALYs rate due to LC and its risk factors between 1990 and 2019, an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was developed to predict the change in the trend of burden of disease due to LC and its risk factors over the next 41 years, and the model was evaluated using the model parameters root mean square error, mean absolute error, and mean absolute percentage error.

Results

From 1990 to 2019, the incidence, mortality and DALYs of LC were all increased. Among the eight risk factors associated with lung cancer, the DALYs rate and mortality rate of lung cancer risk factors for Chinese residents increased from 1990 to 2019, except for household air pollution from solid fuels and diet low in fruit, which showed a decrease; among them, the DALYs rate and mortality rate due to ambient particulate matter pollution showed the greatest increase with AAPC values of 2.880 and 3.310, respectively, while DALYs and mortality rates due to household air pollution from solid fuels showed the largest decreases, with AAPC values of −4.755 and −4.348, respectively. The results of the ARIMA model predictions show that both the mortality rate and the rate of DALYs for lung cancer are increasing yearly, and it is predicted that the rate of DALYs for lung cancer by 2060 will reach 740.095/100 000 and the mortality rate will reach 35.151/100 000. It is expected that by 2060, the top four risk factors for lung cancer in China will be, in order of DALYs rate and mortality rate, smoking, ambient particulate matter pollution, high fasting plasma glucose (HFPG), and secondhand smoke, with HFPG showing the greatest increase.

Conclusions

The LC burden increased from 1990 to 2019 in China, the LC burden that could be attributed to HFPG will continue to increase in the next 40 years, and will be the third most factor by 2060. Targeted interventions are warranted to facilitate the prevention of LC and improvement of health‐related quality of life patients with LC.
Principles in experimental design for evaluating genomic forecasts
Authors: Lotterhos Katie E.
Published: July 2024

Over the past decade, there has been a rapid increase in the development of predictive models at the intersection of molecular ecology, genomics, and global change. The common goal of these ‘genomic forecasting’ models is to integrate genomic data with environmental and ecological data in a model to make quantitative predictions about the vulnerability of populations to climate change.

Despite rapid methodological development and the growing number of systems in which genomic forecasts are made, the forecasts themselves are rarely evaluated in a rigorous manner with ground‐truth experiments. This study reviews the evaluation experiments that have been done, introduces important terminology regarding the evaluation of genomic forecasting models, and discusses important elements in the design and reporting of ground‐truth experiments.

To date, experimental evaluations of genomic forecasts have found high variation in the accuracy of forecasts, but it is difficult to compare studies on a common ground due to different approaches and experimental designs. Additionally, some evaluations may be biased toward higher performance because training data and testing data are not independent. In addition to independence between training data and testing data, important elements in the design of an evaluation experiment include the construction and parameterization of the forecasting model, the choice of fitness proxies to measure for test data, the construction of the evaluation model, the choice of evaluation metric(s), the degree of extrapolation to novel environments or genotypes, and the sensitivity, uncertainty and reproducbility of forecasts.

Although genomic forecasting methods are becoming more accessible, evaluating their limitations in a particular study system requires careful planning and experimentation. Meticulously designed evaluation experiments can clarify the robustness of the forecasts for application in management. Clear reporting of basic elements of experimental design will improve the rigour of evaluations, and in turn our understanding of why models work in some cases and not others.