bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract P474: The Association Between Acculturation and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: The African Immigrant Health Study
Authors: Turkson-ocran Ruth-alma N , Baptiste Diana , Ogungbe Oluwabunmi , Koirala Binu , Commodore-mensah Yvonne
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
African immigrants are a growing population with over 2.1 million residing in the United States (U.S). Like African Americans, their African descent counterparts, African immigrants have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Hypothesis:
We hypothesized that greater length of residence in the U.S. will be associated with an increased number of CVD risk factors among African Immigrants.

Methods:
The African Immigrant Health Study was a cross-sectional study of African immigrants living in the Baltimore-Washington, D.C Metropolitan area. The main outcome of interest was high CVD risk, defined as the presence of ≥2 CVD risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, and overweight/obesity. The secondary outcomes were the 4 CVD risk factors examined individually. The exposure was length of U.S. stay, used as a proxy for acculturation and defined as < 10 years or ≥ 10 years in the U.S. Logistic regression was used to examine the odds of high CVD risk and the individual CVD risk factors, adjusting for relevant covariates.

Results:
We included N=317 African immigrants, with mean(±se) age 48(±12) years, 61% were female, 63% had a Bachelor’s degree or higher, 81% were employed, and 59% had lived in the US ≥10 years. Unadjusted, African immigrants with longer length of stay were more likely to have the four CVD risk factors examined. African Immigrants who had lived in the U.S. ≥ 10 years were 1.89 times (95%CI: 1.03-3.46) more likely to have ≥2 CVD risk factors than those who had lived in the U.S. < 10 years after adjusting for age, income, employment status, insurance status, and routine place for healthcare. The unadjusted and adjusted results are presented in the Table.

Conclusion:
African immigrants who had lived in the US ≥10 years were more likely to have more CVD risk factors than those who had lived in the U.S. for <10 years. CVD risk increases with length of stay in this population, underscoring the need for length of stay to be considered as a meaningful determinant of CVD risk.
Thrombus Migration and Fragmentation After Intravenous Alteplase Treatment
Authors: Ohara Tomoyuki , Menon Bijoy K. , Al-Ajlan Fahad S. , Horn MacKenzie , Najm Mohamed , Al-Sultan Abdulaziz , Puig Josep , Dowlatshahi Dar , Calleja Sanz Ana I. , Sohn Sung-Il , Ahn Seong H. , Poppe Alexandre Y. , Mikulik Robert , Asdaghi Negar , Field Thalia S. , Jin Albert , Asil Talip , Boulanger Jean-Martin , Letteri Federica , Dey Sadanand , Evans James W. , Goyal Mayank , Hill Michael D. , Almekhlafi Mohammed , Demchuk Andrew M. ,   for INTERRSeCT Study Investigators
Published: December 2020

Background and Purpose:

There is interest in what happens over time to the thrombus after intravenous alteplase. We study the effect of alteplase on thrombus structure and its impact on clinical outcome in patients with acute stroke.

Methods:

Intravenous alteplase treated stroke patients with intracranial internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery occlusion identified on baseline computed tomography angiography and with follow-up vascular imaging (computed tomography angiography or first run of angiography before endovascular therapy) were enrolled from INTERRSeCT study (Identifying New Approaches to Optimize Thrombus Characterization for Predicting Early Recanalization and Reperfusion With IV Alteplase and Other Treatments Using Serial CT Angiography). Thrombus movement after intravenous alteplase was classified into complete recanalization, thrombus migration, thrombus fragmentation, and no change. Thrombus migration was diagnosed when occlusion site moved distally and graded according to degrees of thrombus movement (grade 0–3). Thrombus fragmentation was diagnosed when a new distal occlusion in addition to the primary occlusion was identified on follow-up imaging. The association between thrombus movement and clinical outcome was also evaluated.

Results:

Among 427 patients in this study, thrombus movement was seen in 54% with a median time of 123 minutes from alteplase administration to follow-up imaging, and sub-classified as marked (thrombus migration grade 2–3 + complete recanalization; 27%) and mild to moderate thrombus movement (thrombus fragmentation + thrombus migration grade 0–1; 27%). In patients with proximal M1/internal carotid artery occlusion, marked thrombus movement was associated with a higher rate of good outcome (90-day modified Rankin Scale, 0–2) compared with mild to moderate movement (52% versus 27%; adjusted odds ratio, 5.64 [95% CI, 1.72–20.10]). No difference was seen in outcomes between mild to moderate thrombus movement and no change. In M1 distal/M2 occlusion, marked thrombus movement was associated with improved 90-day good outcome compared with no change (70% versus 56%; adjusted odds ratio, 2.54 [95% CI, 1.21–5.51]).

Conclusions:

Early thrombus movement is common after intravenous alteplase. Marked thrombus migration leads to good clinical outcomes. Thrombus dynamics over time should be further evaluated in clinical trials of acute reperfusion therapy.
Single Mothers’ Livelihoods in Rural North Central Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Tuan Anh , Vo Cam Ly Thi , Vu Binh Minh Thi
Published: December 2020

Single mothers in rural North Central Vietnam face many difficulties in earning their livelihoods. Since they deviate from the norms of the patriarchal family, many do not find it easy to obtain support from their own relatives or access livelihood assets from their parents. As units of production, their households lack the support from the relatives of spouses that are normally available to married women and face discrimination in accessing livelihood capital. Finally, the stigma induced by the state-sponsored notion of the ‘Happy Family’ acts as a social deterrent to their pursuit of the good life. Thus, regardless of their efforts to make a living, many single mothers find themselves unable to improve their income and reduce poverty. Despite greater social acceptance of single motherhood, their experiences suggest that the good life in Vietnam today remains invested in the ideal of heterosexual marriage reproduced by state discourses and enduring patriarchal ideas and practices.
Hans Kelsen and Court-Ordered Apology in Taiwan: A Critical Analysis of Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 656 [2009]
Authors: Huang David KC , Li Nigel NT
Published: December 2020

The rule of ‘Li’ (De-Zhi), which embraces the spirit that morality and law are one, historically underpinned China’s legal institution. Even though it is no longer recognised in Taiwan’s legal institutions, it still influenced judges when they had to decide whether a court-ordered apology should be constitutional. A critical analysis of Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 656 [2009] through the lens of Hans Kelsen’s pure theory lays bare the quandary facing the judiciary in a Confucian society, that whilst the judiciary appreciated the merits of the rule of law, it hesitated to tell the people that morality is not law.
Religious Minorities’ Rights in the Iranian Constitution of 1906 and the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Authors: Najafinejad Alireza , Goudarzi Masoumeh Rad
Published: December 2020

Although Christian, Jewish, and Zoroastrian minorities form less than two per cent of the Iranian population, the recognition of their official rights and the institutionalised legal discrimination against them has been a matter of a long conflict between minority rights activists and Muslim jurists since the Constitutional Revolution in 1905. The major part of this controversy relates to the assumed status of non-Muslims in traditional Shi’a jurisprudence. The present study examines and assesses the recognised status and rights of religious minorities in the two constitutions of 1906 and 1979 and their development. Although, due to the formation of new recitations in Shi’a jurisprudence, some changes have been made in identifying the fundamental rights of religious minorities, the domination of the general spirit of the rulings in Shi’a jurisprudence in the formulation of both constitutions means there is still a long way to go before recognising equal human rights for all.
Finding the ‘Conservation’ in the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources
Authors: Goldsworthy Lynda
Published: December 2020

The Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) was adopted in the 1980s amid concerns of a growth in unregulated fishing in the region. The Convention’s objective – ‘the conservation of Antarctic marine living resources’ – reflects the negotiators’ intention for CCAMLR’s responsibilities to extend beyond fisheries responsibilities to the conservation of all species and marine ecosystems in the Convention’s area. The intention of CCAMLR’s objective has generated significant debate throughout CCAMLR’s 39 years of operation, and there appears to be no common agreed understanding. A review of management measures adopted by the Commission is one method for considering how the Commission has approached delivering its objective. This paper reviews management measures in force from 1982 to 2019 and concludes that, while CCAMLR has made significant advances regarding the delivery of ecosystem-based and precautionary fisheries management, it has generated significantly fewer management measures that might stand independently of fisheries management or extend to species or habitats not directly impacted by fishing operations.
Compliance Evaluation and Sustainable Resource Management in the CCAMLR
Authors: Miller Denzil , Murray Elise
Published: December 2020

Regional fisheries organisations globally are feeling the impacts of non-compliant behaviour by both contracting and non-contracting parties. Non-compliance arising from activities such as illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, or failures by flag states to appropriately report the activities of their vessels, has resulted in damage to the environment and damage to the performance of regional fisheries management organisations themselves. As a result, many of these organisations are adopting and implementing a relatively new mechanism to tackle non-compliance: the compliance evaluation procedure. This article demonstrates that by adopting a compliance evaluation procedure, regional fisheries organisations are better placed to identify and address non-compliance in an effort to improve compliance with their conservation measures. It analyses in detail the procedure adopted by one particular organisation, the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), to suggest that implementation of their procedure has improved transparency, accountability and enforcement. It is argued that the CCAMLR compliance evaluation procedure represents a model for other polar and high seas areas to promote sustainable, and responsible, fishing practices globally.
Challenges to Substantive Demilitarisation in the Antarctic Treaty Area
Authors: Hemmings Alan D.
Published: December 2020

The demilitarisation provisions of the 1959 Antarctic Treaty are limited and contingent. Critically, a functional gap is enabled within the key Article I, which both prohibits ‘measures of a military nature’ and sanctions the use of military personnel and equipment in pursuit of ‘peaceful purposes’. None of the key terms and concepts are defined. With increasing focus on and in the Antarctic Treaty Area on interstate competition around resource access and regime control, and in particular the rapidly increasing geopolitical struggle between ‘the West’ and China both globally and within the Antarctic, and the transformation of what military activity actually entails, the existing demilitarisation principles are now inadequate. The failure to update these in the 60 years since the Antarctic Treaty was adopted, the lack of confidence that the historic Antarctic Treaty model of regional governance can itself manage the struggle, and indications over recent years that some states are even increasing the level of military entanglement with their Antarctic programmes, suggest it is now timely to reassess and respond to the case for substantive demilitarisation in the Antarctic Treaty Area.
New synonyms in the genus Lopholejeunea (Lejeuneaceae, Marchantiophyta)

Authors: SASS-GYARMATI ANDREA
Published: December 2020

Lopholejeunea (Stephani 1890: 285) is a pantropical genus with 42 species and one variety (Söderström et al., 2016), of which 12 species have been recorded from Madagascar (Marline et al., 2012). During examination of various Lopholejeunea materials from Madagascar, a few nomenclatural changes became necessary. As a result, ten species are accepted for Madagascar: Lopholejeunea borbonica Stephani (1896: 109), L. erugata Thiers (1984: 174), L. eulopha (Taylor 1846: 391.) Schiffner (1893: 129), L. grandicrista Stephani (1893: 34), L. leioptera Sass-Gyarmati (2001: 80), L. lepidoscypha Kiaer et Pearson (Pearson 1892: 5), L. nigricans (Lindenberg in Gottsche et al. 1845: 316) Schiffner (1898: 293), L. onraedtii Vanden Berghen (1984: 452), L. subfusca (Nees 1830: 36) Schiffner (1897: 593) and L. utriculata Stephani (1912: 69).
Catalog of the Opilioacarida (Acari: Parasitiformes)
Authors: DE ARAÚJO MARCEL SANTOS , PALMA ANTONELLA DI , FERES REINALDO JOSÉ FAZZIO
Published: December 2020

A catalog of the described Opilioacaridae species and their type depository institutions is presented. Opilioacaridae comprises 53 valid taxa (with 2 subspecies and 3 fossil species) distributed in 13 genera. The zoogeographical distribution, described life stages and years of description are also provided and discussed. Recent work on the American continent has resulted in a great diversity from these zoogeographical zones, but the family has a worldwide distribution. In addition, we move Neocarus ojastii Lehtinen, 1980 into Caribeacarus, i.e., Caribeacarus ojastii (Lehtinen, 1980) n. comb.
Pleonexes Spence Bate, 1857 (Amphipoda: Ampithoidae) in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman
Authors: MOMTAZI FARZANEH , MAGHSOUDLOU ABDOLVAHAB
Published: December 2020

A new species of ampithoid amphipod, Pleonexes nargessi, is described from the southern Iranian coasts of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. The new species is the most similar to P. kava (Myers, 1985), but distinguished by the presence of the posterior tooth and the defining robust seta on the palm of male gnathopod 1, semi prehensile pereopod 5, and non-prehensile pereopods 6–7. Ampithoe qeshmensis Layeghi & Momtazi, 2018 is transferred into Pleonexes.
Potential Role of Irreversible Moist Processes in Modulating Tropical Cyclone Surface Wind Structure
Authors: Wang Danyang , Lin Yanluan
Published: December 2020

Tropical cyclone (TC) wind structure is important for its intensity change and induced damage, but its modulating factors remain to be explored. A heat-engine-based surface wind structure parameter α, reflecting TC’s relative compactness, is introduced and derived based on an entropy budget framework. We found that α is modulated by three key parameters: the thermodynamic efficiency ϵPI in potential intensity theory, the Carnot efficiency ϵC of the system, and the degree of irreversibility αirr of the system. A higher αirr contributes to a larger α and a lower heat engine efficiency. An expression linking TC intensity and compactness also emerges under this framework. Idealized simulations of a typical moist TC (CTL), a dry (DRY) TC, and a moist reversible TC (REV; in which hydrometeors do not fall out) evinced that the significantly higher αirr in CTL, due to irreversible entropy productions from precipitation dissipation, water vapor diffusion, and irreversible phase changes, contributes to its much larger compactness compared to DRY and REV. The study illustrates the importance of irreversible entropy production processes in modulating TC surface wind field. Simple estimate suggests that α will increase due to a hypothesized increased αirr with warming because of increased water content. This indicates that TCs will become more compact in a warmer climate.
Simulation and verification of measurement system for deep-sea pressure and its small fluctuation pressure
Authors: Wang Huai-Yang , Hu Shan-Shan , Liu Zheng-Shi , Wang Yong
Published: December 2020

Combined pressure measuring system (CPMS), which is mainly used for measuring deep-sea larger pressure and its small fluctuation pressure, is studied. First, the working principle of the CPMS is introduced. Second, the mathematical model of the CPMS is established. Third, the influence of the cross-sectional area of the piston, the equivalent mass of the piston, the diving speed, the cross-sectional diameter of the compensator piston, the air content of the liquid medium, and the small fluctuation pressure on the measurement performance of the CPMS is analyzed using the simulation model. Then, the design principle of the system is summarized. Finally, the test platform is built. The results show that the dynamic pressure is not more than 0.025 bar when the pressure change speed is 0.2 bar/s, the pressure is 2.8 × 10−3 bar under 20 bar, thereby verifying the validity and accuracy of the measurement method and providing theoretical basis and reference for the design and optimization of the measurement system.
Tanure Ojaide on the poet: Preliminary notes on a writer’s poetics
Authors: Diala Isidore Okeawolam
Published: December 2020

Tanure Ojaide’s poetry has been discussed primarily with focus on his social activism, with occasional attention paid to his deployment of the techniques of indigenous Urhobo poetry. However, a career-long preoccupation which hitherto has hardly received any critical attention is the poet’s presiding use of his poetry as metacommentary on the craft and purpose of his art. While privileging his 2010 collection The Beauty I Have Seen: A Trilogy, this article examines selections from the body of Ojaide’s self-reflexive poetry in which he poetizes the role of the poet as an instance of the poet’s articulation of his poetics. It appraises the focal poems’ status as metacriticism by underscoring their abiding correspondence with Ojaide’s vision of poetry as expressed in interviews and scholarly writings, and by examining the aesthetic implications of his firm anchorage of his work in the tradition of indigenous African poetry.
They’re Just Not That into You: How to Leverage Existing Consumer–Brand Relationships Through Social Psychological Distance
Authors: Connors Scott , Khamitov Mansur , Thomson Matthew , Perkins Andrew
Published: December 2020

While prevailing marketing practice is to encourage ever-stronger relationships between consumers and brands, such relationships are rare, and many consumers are relationship-averse or content with the status quo. The authors examine how marketers can more effectively manage existing brand relationships by focusing on the psychological distance between consumers and brands in order to match close (distant) brands with concrete (abstract) language in marketing communications. Through such matching, marketers can create a beneficial mindset-congruency effect leading to more favorable evaluations and behavior, even for brands that are relatively distant to consumers. Study 1 demonstrates the basic mindset-congruency effect, and Study 2 shows that it is capable of affecting donation behaviors. Study 3 documents two brand-level factors (search vs. experience goods, brand stereotypes) that moderate this effect in managerially relevant ways. Study 4 shows that activation of the mindset-congruency effect influences consumers to spend more and that these behaviors are moderated by consumer category involvement. The authors conclude with marketing and theoretical implications.
Primary Reattachment of Near-Complete Ear Amputation: A Successful Outcome
Authors: D’Arcangelo Mauro , Al-Ali Mohamed A. , Abu-Zidan Fikri M.
Published: December 2020

Objectives:

Traumatic amputation of the ear constitutes a great aesthetic deformity that can have a tremendous negative impact. Reports describing the survival of near-complete ear amputation using non-microsurgical replantation are scarce. We aimed to study the surgical outcome of patients with near-complete ear amputations supplied by small pedicle bridges that were treated with primary reattachment.

Methods:

We retrospectively studied patients with near-complete ear amputation who were admitted at Al Ain Hospital from January 2016 to December 2019.

Results:

Five patients were studied. The most common mechanism of injury was motor vehicle injury, followed by cutting injury. The skin pedicle was inferior in 3 (60%) patients of patients. The median width of the skin pedicles was 8.5 mm. The median interval between the injury and the surgical management was 4 hours. All patients underwent primary reattachment of the ear without microsurgery. One patient developed a small area of necrosis of the ear lobe. All patients recovered with a completely healed pinna and satisfactory overall appearance.

Conclusions:

Primary reattachment without microsurgery of the near-complete ear amputation can be safely performed in the presence of an intact skin pedicle. It can achieve an aesthetically satisfactory outcome without severe complications.
Folk theories of algorithms: Understanding digital irritation
Authors: Ytre-Arne Brita , Moe Hallvard
Published: December 2020

This article draws on the framework of “folk theories” to analyze how people perceive algorithms in the media. Taking algorithms as a prime case to investigate how people respond to datafication in everyday media use, we ask how people perceive positive and negative consequences of algorithms. To answer our question, we conduct qualitative thematic analysis of open-ended answers from a 2019 representative survey among Norwegians, identifying five folk theories: algorithms are confining, practical, reductive, intangible, and exploitative. We situate our analysis in relation to different application of folk theory approaches, and discuss our findings in light of emerging work on perceptions of algorithms and critiques of datafication, including the concept digital resignation. We conclude that rather than resignation, digital irritation emerges as a central emotional response, with a small but significant potential to inspire future political action against datafication.
The politics of climate change: Domestic and international responses to a global challenge
Authors: Tosun Jale , Peters B Guy
Published: December 2020

The contributions to this special issue examine the politics of domestic and international climate policy, concentrating on the role of institutions, interests, ideas, and networks. The outcomes of the policymaking processes are assessed with regard to their proportionality, that is, the balance between the benefits and costs of a policy. The contributions show that climate politics can lead to policy under- and overreactions. This introduction sets out the common research interest of the special issue and explains how the individual contributions relate to each other. To this end, it begins by providing the rationale for adopting the analytical perspective of comparative politics. Then it presents the conceptual framework and gives an overview of the contributions to this issue. Subsequently, it develops a research agenda that highlights avenues for future research and offers a brief conclusion that reflects on the potential of the concept of (dis)proportionality to advance the cumulative knowledge on climate politics and policies.
Fathers’ Use of Parental Leave in a Canadian Law Enforcement Organization
Authors: Pettigrew Rachael N. , Duncan Karen A.
Published: December 2020

Prior to 2018, Canadian parents had access to 35 weeks of parental leave; but leave use is persistently gendered. We examine employee, employment, and organizational characteristics that influence use of parental leave by men in a Canadian law enforcement organization. Data from 97 managers and 234 male employees were analyzed using an explanatory sequential mixed methods approach. Employees received a top up to 93 percent of their salary when on leave, therefore illuminating factors, other than income loss, that influence fathers’ leave use. Logistic regression analysis showed that men who were younger, more educated, had a partner who was not in the labor force, and who had a positive attitude toward leave use were more likely to take parental leave. Managers’ were less positive than employees about men’s leave use. Thematic analysis of comments revealed a gendered perception, negative impact on the workplace, and concerns over misuse of parental leave.
Marriage and Fertility Preferences among Young Women in China: Changes over Time
Authors: Blair Sampson Lee , Madigan Timothy J.
Published: December 2020

China has undergone considerable social and economic change over recent decades and, more recently, has altered its fertility policies. Using data collected at several Chinese universities from 2015 through 2019, this study examines contextual factors associated with young women’s marriage and fertility preferences. The analyses demonstrate that, over recent years, young women express a significant preference for later ages at first marriage, fewer numbers of children, and a later age at first birth. Pronatalist attitudes and gender role attitudes are shown to have strong associations with marriage and fertility aspirations in recent years. Peer influence is associated with marriage preferences, while parental characteristics are shown to significantly influence fertility preferences. While individual traits such as school performance yield significant associations, such effects are not as strong as anticipated. The results are discussed within the developmental paradigm, with focus upon the potential influence of cultural globalization and changing Chinese gender roles.
Perspectives: Revisited
Authors: Kirkwood Hal
Published: December 2020

A review of selected articles across SAGE Publications proving insights and connections to recent research.
Diagnosis and outcomes of surgical treatment of carotid bifurcation tumors
Authors: Li Xin , Zhang Weichang , Shu Chang , Li Quanming , Zhang Lei , Zhu Jieting
Published: December 2020

Objective

To retrospectively review our experience with the diagnosis and treatment of carotid bifurcation tumors (CBFT).

Methods

This was a retrospective study of 60 patients with CBFT who underwent surgical and conservative treatment. The patients’ clinicopathological features, imaging examination findings, treatment strategy, and prognosis were analyzed. The surgical grade, blood loss, tumor size, operative time, and postoperative complications were analyzed by Spearman’s correlation.

Results

Resection was performed in 52 patients with 53 tumors. The mean tumor volume, operative time, estimated blood loss, and follow-up time was 47.62 ± 65.28 cm3, 176.1 ± 86.55 minutes, 231.3 ± 354.0 mL, and 44.42 ± 29.30 months, respectively. Pathological examination showed that the number of carotid body tumors (CBT; paraganglioma), neurilemmoma, mesenchymal tissue tumor, and angioleiomyoma was 42, 8, 1, and 1, respectively. Of the CBT group, the rate of Shamblin Type I, II, and III was 11.9%, 59.5%, and 28.6%, and three cases were malignant CBT with lymph node metastasis. Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that complication grade was significantly related to surgical difficulty grade and operative time.

Conclusion

CBT is the most frequent lesion in CBFT, and CBT may be treated safely by surgical management. The severity of surgical complications is significantly correlated with surgical difficulty.
Monitoring of the Response of the Sagamore Parkway Bridge and its Foundations During a Live Load Test
Authors: Han Fei , Marashi Mehdi , Prezzi Monica , Salgado Rodrigo , Wells Timothy , Zaheer Mir
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we report the results of a live load test performed on the Sagamore Parkway bridge over the Wabash River, Indiana. The seven-span concrete bridge was constructed from 2016 to 2018 to replace the old, east-bound bridge. The main goals of the live load test were: (i) to study the transfer of the live loads from the bridge pier to the foundation elements and the distribution of live loads among the individual piles supporting the bridge pier; and (ii) to verify the assumptions (e.g., regarding the pile cap resistance) made in bridge foundation design. For these purposes, one of the interior piers (Pier 7) of the bridge and the fifteen pipe piles supporting it were instrumented with vibrating-wire strain gauges. With the bridge temporarily closed to traffic, the live load test was performed by parking twelve loaded triaxle trucks at specific locations on the bridge deck near Pier 7 in March 2019. The truck loads were applied in seven stages, simulating the driving of several trucks over the bridge pier. The settlement of the pier was measured using a digital level during the live load test. The data from the strain gauge readings were processed to produce the history of load distribution within the cross section of the pier and among the piles in the pile group during the seven stages of the live load test. The soil in contact with the pile cap carried about half of the total live load.
Developing City-Wide Hurricane Impact Maps using Real-Life Data on Infrastructure, Vegetation and Weather
Authors: Chen Mingyang , Karaer Alican , Ozguven Eren Erman , Abichou Tarek , Arghandeh Reza , Nienhius Jaap
Published: December 2020

Hurricanes affect thousands of people annually, with devastating consequences such as loss of life, vegetation and infrastructure. Vegetation losses such as downed trees and infrastructure disruptions such as toppled power lines often lead to roadway closures. These disruptions can be life threatening for the victims. Emergency officials, therefore, have been trying to find ways to alleviate such problems by identifying those locations that pose high risk in the aftermath of hurricanes. This paper proposes an integrated methodology that utilizes both Google Earth Engine (GEE) and geographical information systems (GIS). First, GEE is used to access Sentinel-2 satellite images and calculate the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to investigate the vegetation change as a result of Hurricane Michael in the City of Tallahassee. Second, through the use of ArcGIS, data on wind speed, debris, roadway density and demographics are incorporated into the methodology in addition to the NDVI indices to assess the overall impact of the hurricane. As a result, city-wide hurricane impact maps are created using weighted indices created based on all these data sets. Findings indicate that the northeast side of the city was the worst affected because of the hurricane. This is a region where more seniors live, and such disruptions can lead to dramatic consequences because of the fragility of these seniors. Officials can pinpoint the identified critical locations for future improvements such as roadway geometry modification and landscaping justification.
Spousal Socio-demographic Gaps and Women’s Justification of Wife-beating in Nigeria
Authors: Onayemi Olayinka M. , Ogungbemi Emmanuel B.
Published: December 2020

Incidents of violence among intimate partners remains an increasing concern in Nigeria. More disturbing is the fact that some women still justify acts of violence (particularly, wife-beating) from their partners. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of spousal demographic gap and other specific demographic constructs in explaining women’s justification of wife-beating. The study is based on married or cohabiting women sampled in the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. The study shows that, overall, 31% of women justified wife-beating. The proportion of women justifying wife-beating ranges from as low as 1% to as high as 89% across the 36 States. Using Binary Logistic Regression, partners’ age difference was not a significant predictor. However, when a woman’s education level is at par (OR = .844, p < .05) or higher than that of her partner (OR = .726, p < .000), she is less likely to believe that a man is justified to beat his wife under any circumstances. Other factors explaining the justification of wife-beating among married and cohabiting women are economic status, place of residence, employment status of partners, and women’s involvement in decision-making. The findings reveal the association between spousal demographic gap and women’s justification of wife-beating. Programs that address individual and structural factors promoting justification of wife-beating become necessary.
Community Pharmacists Roles During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hess Karl , Bach Albert , Won Kimberly , Seed Sheila M.
Published: December 2020

The aim of this paper is to review the roles that community pharmacists in the United States (US) can play to support public health measures during the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic (COVID-19). Community pharmacists in the US are highly visible and accessible to the public and have long been regarded as a source for immunization services as well as other public health activities. In the US, the scope of pharmacy practice continues to expand and incorporate various health services on a state-by-state level. For the purposes of this article, a PubMed literature search was undertaken to identify published articles on SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, pharmacist- and pharmacy-based immunization and other public health care activities in the US in order to identify and discuss roles that community pharmacists can play during this pandemic including as vaccinators, screeners and testers. In conclusion, community pharmacists are knowledgeable and capable providers of public health services and are easily accessible and well regarded by the public. The incorporation of community pharmacists into this nation’s COVID-19 pandemic response plan can help aid recovery efforts in the US.
An international foresight reflection on entrepreneurial pathways for higher education institutions
Authors: Stolze Audrey , Sailer Klaus
Published: December 2020

Recent decades have seen many countries reforming their higher education systems, affecting the mission and governance of higher education institutions (HEIs). HEIs are now expected to produce entrepreneurial capital and to be catalysts for regional economic and societal development, taking on significant roles in entrepreneurial ecosystems. Hence, this article addresses entrepreneurial ecosystem stakeholders’ preoccupation with and interest in the role of HEIs in the future and assesses the opportunities and risks associated with HEIs pursuing entrepreneurial pathways. The authors propose five future scenarios, which they term ‘worldwide’, ‘transdisciplinary’, ‘adaptive learning’, ‘blended’ and ‘ecosystem’. These scenarios demonstrate that internationalization, digital transformation, collaborative networks and co-creation processes are key drivers of the advancement of higher education and provide guidance for HEIs and policymakers on the framing of decision-making agendas related to possible entrepreneurial pathways. Based on experts’ assessments, the authors consider the transdisciplinary and blended scenarios to be the most auspicious.
Trajectory tracking control of delta parallel robot based on disturbance observer
Authors: Wu Mingkun , Mei Jiangping , Ni Jinlu , Hu Weizhong
Published: December 2020

Delta parallel robot is widely used in the manufacturing process of food, medicine, electronics and military industries, which is a highly nonlinear system with strongly uncertain dynamics. Therefore, there are many difficulties in the controller design of delta robot. Based on the simplified dynamic model, a nonlinear PD+ controller with nonlinear disturbance observer is proposed for Delta parallel robot in this article, which can realize high-precision trajectory tracking in high-speed and high-acceleration motion. Then, the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system’s equilibrium point is proven by utilizing Lyapunov techniques and LaSalle’s invariance theorem. It is obvious that the proposed controller is significantly less dependent on the accuracy of the dynamic model. Besides, a disturbance observer based on the generalized momentum is constructed, which can effectively observe and compensate the disturbances. What’s more, the constructed disturbance observer avoids the calculation of the inverse of inertia matrix, which will greatly improve the response speed of the controller. The simulation results show that the proposed controller can assure better trajectory tracking accuracy in high-speed and high-acceleration motion. And the disturbance observer can effectively estimate the disturbance.

The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article:This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number51474320).
A Preliminary Exploration on the Views of Terrorism Among Indian and U.S. College Students
Authors: Lambert Eric G. , Jiang Shanhe , Unnithan N. Prabha , Pasupuleti Sudershan
Published: December 2020

No corner of the world is completely safe from terrorist attacks. Both India and the United States have suffered horrific acts of terrorist-inspired violence. While views of terrorism vary for different reasons, culture certainly plays a role. A total of 918 undergraduate college students, composed of 434 Indian students and 484 U.S. students, were surveyed on their views of terrorism, responses to terrorism, and appropriate punishment of terrorists. Ordered ordinal regression results indicated a significant difference on 20 of the 26 items by nationality. Indian participants were more likely to express strong views on the problem of terrorism for society and to see terrorists as more similar to common criminals than their U.S. counterparts. Indian students were also more likely to feel that the government should do whatever was necessary to win against terrorists, while U.S. students were more likely to view winning against terrorists as difficult. Further, Indian respondents were more likely to feel that terrorists needed to be punished harshly and the death penalty would deter them, while U.S. respondents more likely to feel convicted terrorists should be able to appeal their sentences. The results suggest that culture plays a role in shaping terrorism views.
Sebaceous Epithelial-Myoepithelial Carcinoma With Aggressive Behavior and Evidence of Preexisting Pleomorphic Adenoma
Authors: Ngo Marie-Hélène , Krishnan Vimal , Piché Jean , Berdugo Jérémie
Published: December 2020

Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMCA) is a rare low-grade carcinoma of the salivary glands with multiple morphological variants. One such variant, sebaceous EMCA (SEMCA), has been reported in the literature. Distinguishing it from other tumors such as sebaceous carcinoma is crucial, as SEMCA typically behaves more indolently. We present a case of a SEMCA in the right parotid of a 71-year-old man that shows features of aggressive behavior such as facial nerve invasion and extraparenchymal extension. Also, we report evidence of preexisting pleomorphic adenoma within this tumor.
Functional and Radiographic Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Intramedullary Nail Device (MIIND) for Moderate to Severe Hallux Valgus
Authors: Biz Carlo , Crimì Alberto , Fantoni Ilaria , Tagliapietra Jacopo , Ruggieri Pietro
Published: December 2020

Background:

This study was aimed at assessing clinical and radiographic outcomes of the Minimally Invasive Intramedullary Nail Device (MIIND) to correct moderate to severe hallux valgus (HV) and the long-term persistence of its effects.

Methods:

This case series study involved 100 patients, 84 women and 16 men (mean age, 59 years), who underwent the MIIND procedure with a mean follow-up of 97 months. Assessment was performed preoperatively, postoperatively, at 6 and 12 months, and at last follow-up. Clinical outcomes were evaluated with American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores, visual analog scale (VAS), and patient satisfaction. Intermetatarsal angle (IMA), metatarsophalangeal hallux valgus angle (HVA), distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA), and tibial sesamoid position were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed.

Results:

The mean AOFAS score improved from 57.9 to 90.5 points, VAS scale was 1.5 ± 2.0, and patients’ satisfaction was 8.7 ± 1.4. The mean correction of the HVA and IMA showed a significant correction; however, the effect of time was not statistically significant on DMAA. Sex ( P = .047), severity ( P = .050), associated procedures ( P = .000), and preoperative angle ( P = .000) showed significant association with HVA correction and its persistence over time. Age was not statistically significant. Complications were 9 cases of superficial wound infection and 6 recurrences.

Conclusions:

The MIIND technique proved a viable procedure to correct moderate to severe HV with a low rate of complications and recurrence, producing significant correction of most radiographic parameters assessed and their persistence, even at long term.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series study.
The Tumorigenic Effect of Sphingosine Kinase 1 and Its Potential Therapeutic Target
Authors: Wang Xianwang , Sun Yong , Peng Xiaochun , Naqvi Syed Manzar Abbas Shah , Yang Yue , Zhang Jing , Chen Meiwen , Chen Yuan , Chen Hongyue , Yan Huizi , Wei Guangliang , Hong Peng , Lu Yingying
Published: December 2020

Sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) regulates cell proliferation and survival by converting sphingosine to the signaling mediator sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). SPHK1 is widely overexpressed in most cancers, promoting tumor progression and is associated with clinical prognosis. Numerous studies have explored SPHK1 as a promising target for cancer therapy. However, due to insufficient knowledge of SPHK1 oncogenic mechanisms, its inhibitors’ therapeutic potential in preventing and treating cancer still needs further investigation. In this review, we summarized the metabolic balance regulated by the SPHK1/S1P signaling pathway and highlighted the oncogenic mechanisms of SPHK1 via the upregulation of autophagy, proliferation, and survival, migration, angiogenesis and inflammation, and inhibition of apoptosis. Drug candidates targeting SPHK1 were also discussed at the end. This review provides new insights into the oncogenic effect of SPHK1 and sheds light on the future direction for targeting SPHK1 as cancer therapy.
Procedural comparison of a standard PTA balloon for fistula and graft maintenance procedures with the novel Chameleon™ PTA balloon catheter
Authors: Crawford Joel , Gasparis Antonios , Kim Pamela , Jotwani Manish , Banerjee Satyaki , Labropoulos Nicos
Published: December 2020

Introduction:

The incidence of cephalic arch (CA) and central venous (CV) stenosis has been reported in the range of 30% in the literature. The purpose of this study is to compare contrast use, fluoroscopy time, and procedure time between standard imaging by injection of contrast through the access sheath versus injection of contrast through a novel PTA balloon with an integrated injection port.

Methods:

A multi-centered, retrospective evaluation of consecutive patients treated for CA and CV stenosis was performed. Data captured included demographics, co-morbidities, lesion characteristics/location, procedural details, volume of contrast used, fluoroscopy time, and procedure time. The control group was imaged and treated using standard practice with pre and post imaging performed through the sheath and intervention using standard PTA balloon. Imaging and treatment were performed using the Chameleon™ PTA catheter in the treatment arm.

Results:

A total of 68 consecutive patients were included. There were 34 patients in Group A and 34 patients in Group B. Average age was 65.2 versus 66.5 ( p = 0.284), respectively. There were no significant gender differences between groups. Prevalence of co-morbidities of hypertension, coronary artery disease, and diabetes was similar to national rates in both groups. Contrast volume, fluoroscopy time, and procedure time in Group B were significantly less when compared by multiple regression to Group A, correcting for potential confounders ( p = 0.0001, 0.0180, and 0.0008, respectively).

Conclusion:

Use of a PTA balloon with an integrated injection port shows potential for significant reduction in contrast dose, fluoroscopy time, and procedure time.
Understanding the human in stakeholder theory: a phenomenological approach to affect-based learning
Authors: Painter Mollie , Pérezts Mar , Deslandes Ghislain
Published: December 2020

Despite being one of the most used theories by scholars and practitioners alike, surprisingly little attention has been devoted to how Stakeholder Theory is taught, or to the conception of the human it assumes. In this paper, we address this gap by drawing on the affective phenomenological perspective of Michel Henry, for whom ethics, praxis and even life itself are rooted in affective subjectivity. We argue that bringing back the Latin notion of affectus (as a noun and as a verb) is central to learning about stakeholders by strengthening our understanding of the human – both theoretically and affectively – as it operates within Stakeholder Theory, thereby addressing its anthropological, relational and normative shortcomings. We provide a practical illustration of what this means for learning by reflecting on the affective components of an executive development course on values-driven leadership. We show how the multi-level ‘ME-WE-WORLD’ framework of this course retrieves the relational normative force that redefines the human from an affective, phenomenological perspective, and enriches the discussion of stakeholders in the classroom. We end by discussing some avenues for future research on how to teach Stakeholder Theory in a more affective and effective way.
Governing impaired jobseekers in neoliberal societies: From sheltered employment to individual placement
Authors: Maravelias Christian
Published: December 2020

This paper accounts for a study of the largest employer in Scandinavia of jobseekers with designated impairments. Like many similar organizations, this organization has undergone a transformation from a provider of ‘sheltered work programs’, which remove this category of jobseekers from the labour market, to a provider of ‘individual placement programs’, which instead integrates them in the labour market. I use Foucauldian governmentality studies to show how this transformation problematizes basic assumptions underlying organizational disability studies. While these studies are variegated, they have generally found that jobseekers with designated impairments are often treated as disabled, as less employable than non-impaired individuals and in need of care and rehabilitation. The study presented below points in another direction. It shows that jobseekers’ designated impairments are treated as signs of their special abilities for particular jobs, rather than as signs of their disabilities. These findings, I argue, are illustrative of how a neoliberal governmentality tends towards replacing the distinction between the able and the disable with a bio-medical structuring of different qualities of human capital. While it leads to that individuals with impairments are integrated in the labour market, I argue that it also leads to that they are treated as having an exclusive, medically designated fit for simple and often dirty labour.