bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Best Practices in Accessing Tape-Resident Data in HPSS*
Authors: Yu David , Che Guangwei , Chou Tim , Novakov Ognian
Published: September 2019

Tape is an excellent choice for archival storage because of the capacity, cost per GB and long retention intervals, but its main drawback is the slow access time due to the nature of sequential medium. Modern enterprise tape drives now support Recommended Access Ordering (RAO), which is designed to reduce data recall/retrieval times. BNL SDCC's mass storage system currently holds more than 100 PB of data on tapes, managed by HPSS. Starting with HPSS version 7.5.1, a new feature called “Tape Order Recall (TOR) has been introduced. It supports both RAO and non-RAO drives. The file access performance can be increased by 30% to 60% over the random file access. Prior to HPSS 7.5.1, we have been using an in-house developed scheduling software, aka ERADAT. ERADAT accesses files based on the file logical position order. It has demonstrated a great performance over the past decade long usage in BNL. In this paper we will present a series of test results, compare TOR and ERADAT's performance under different configurations to show how effective TOR (RAO) and ERADAT perform and what is the best solution in data recall from SDCC's tape storage
An open source data transfer tool kit for research data
Authors: Bauer Daniela , Colling David , Fayer Simon , Martyniak Janusz , Richards Alexander
Published: September 2019

We present the prototype of an open source data transfer tool kit. It provides an easy to use ‘drag-and-drop’ web interface for users to transfer files between institutions that do not have a grid infrastructure in place. The underlying technology leverages standard grid technologies. e.g. automatic generation of X.509 certificates, but remains completely hidden from the user.
Data management for the SoLid experiment
Authors: Abreu Yamiel , Bauer Daniela , Fayer Simon , Martyniak Janusz
Published: September 2019

The SoLid experiment is a short-baseline neutrino project located at the BR2 research reactor in Mol, Belgium. It started data taking in November 2017. Data management, including long term storage will be handled in
close collaboration by Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Imperial College London and Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. We describe the SoLid data management model with an emphasis on the software developed for the file distribution on the Grid, the data archiving and the initial data transfer from the experiment to a Grid storage element. We present results from the first six months of data taking, showing how the system performed in a production setting.
Geant-val:
Authors: Freyermuth Luc , Konstantinov Dmitri , Latyshev Grigorii , Razumov Ivan , Pokorski Witold , Ribon Alberto
Published: September 2019

One of the key factors for the successful development of Monte-
Carlo programs for physics simulations is to properly organize regression testing
and validation. Geant4, the world-standard toolkit for HEP detector simulation,
heavily relies on this activity. The CERN SFT group, which contributes
to the development, testing, deployment and support of the toolkit, is also in
charge of running on a monthly basis a set of community-developed tests using
the development releases of Geant4. We present the web application Geant-val
developed for visualizing the results of these tests so that comparisons between
different Geant4 releases can be made. The application is written using the
Express.js, Node.js and Angular frameworks and uses PostgreSQL for storing
test results. Test results are visualised using ROOT and JSROOT. In addition to
pure visual comparisons, we perform different statistical tests (χ2, Kolmogorov-
Smirnov, etc.) on the client side using JavaScript Web Workers.
Performance Analysis of Effective Symbolic Methods for Solving Band Matrix SLAEs
Authors: Veneva Milena , Ayriyan Alexander
Published: September 2019

This paper presents an experimental performance study of implementations of three symbolic algorithms for solving band matrix systems of linear algebraic equations with heptadiagonal, pentadiagonal, and tridiagonal coefficient matrices. The only assumption on the coefficient matrix in order for the algorithms to be stable is nonsingularity. These algorithms are implemented using the GiNaC library of C++ and the SymPy library of Python, considering five different data storing classes. Performance analysis of the implementations is done using the high-performance computing (HPC) platforms “HybriLIT” and “Avitohol”. The experimental setup and the results from the conducted computations on the individual computer systems are presented and discussed. An analysis of the three algorithms is performed.
A Python upgrade to the GooFit package for parallel fitting
Authors: Schreiner Henry , Pandey Himadri , D Sokoloff Michael , Hittle Bradley , Tomko Karen , Hasse Christoph
Published: September 2019

The GooFit highly parallel fitting package for GPUs and CPUs has been substantially upgraded in the past year. Python bindings have been added to allow simple access to the fitting configuration, setup, and execution. A Python tool to write custom GooFit code given a (compact and elegant) MINT3/AmpGen amplitude description allows the corresponding C++ code to be written quickly and correctly. New PDFs have been added. The most recent release was built on top of the December 2017 2.0 release that added easier builds, new platforms, and a more robust and efficient underlying function evaluation engine.
Automation and Testing for Simplified Software Deployment
Authors: Sailer André , Petricˇ Marko
Published: September 2019

Creating software releases is one of the more tedious occupations in the life of a software developer. For this purpose we have tried to automate as many of the repetitive tasks involved as possible from getting the commits to running the software. For this simplification we rely in large parts on free collaborative services available around GitHub: issue tracking, code review (GitHub), continuous integration (Travis-CI), static code analysis (coverity). The dependencies and compilers used in the continuous integration are obtained by mounting CVMFS into a docker container. This enables running any desired compiler version (e.g., gcc 6.2, llvm 3.9) or tool (e.g, clang-format, pylint). To create tags for the software package the powerful GitHub API is used. A script was developed that first collates the release notes from the description of each pull request, commits the release notes file, and finally makes a tag. This moves the burden of writing release notesfrom the package maintainer to the individual developer. The deployment of software releases to CVMFS is handled via GitLab-CI. When a tag is made the software is built and automatically deployed. In this paper we will describe the software infrastructure used for the iLCSoft and iLCDirac projects, which are used by CLICdp and the ILC detector collaborations, and give examples of automation which might be useful for others.
Monitoring LHCb Trigger developments using nightly integration tests and a new interactive web UI
Authors: Currie Robert , Fitzpatrick Conor
Published: September 2019

The LHCb Performance Regression (LHCbPR) framework allows for periodic software testing to be performed in a reproducible manner. LHCbPR provides a JavaScript based web front-end service, built atop industry standard tools such as AngularJS, Bootstrap and Django. This framework records the evolution of tests over time allowing for this data to be extracted for end-user analysis. The LHCbPR framework has been expanded to integrate the nightly testing and profiling. These developments allow for key performance metrics within the Trigger software to be monitored over time. Additionally, tests of the full physics reconstruction have been integrated into LHCbPR. These allow for tracking the effect that optimization work has on physics reconstruction performance.

This presentation will describe the integration of these tests into LHCbPR as well as describing the structure and new features developed for the frontend web service.
The Particle Track Reconstruction based on deep Neural networks
Authors: Baranov Dmitriy , Mitsyn Sergey , Goncharov Pavel , Ososkov Gennady
Published: September 2019

One of the most important problems of data processing in high energy and nuclear physics is the event reconstruction. Its main part is the track reconstruction procedure which consists in looking for all tracks that elementary particles leave when they pass through a detector among a huge number of points, so-called hits, produced when flying particles fire detector coordinate planes. Unfortunately, the tracking is seriously impeded by the famous shortcoming of multiwired, strip in GEM detectors due to the appearance in them a lot of fake hits caused by extra spurious crossings of fired strips. Since the number of those fakes is several orders of magnitude greaterthan for true hits, one faces with the quite serious difficulty to unravelpossible track-candidates via true hits ignoring fakes. On the basis of our previous two-stage approach based on hits preprocessing using directed K-d tree search followed by a deep neural classifier we introduce here two new tracking algorithms. Both algorithms combine those two stages in one while using different types of deep neural nets. We show that both proposed deep networks do not require any special preprocessing stage, are more accurate, faster and can be easier parallelized. Preliminary results of our new approaches for simulated events are presented.
Study of Neural Network Size Requirements for Approximating Functions Relevant to HEP
Authors: Stietzel Jessica , Lannon Kevin
Published: September 2019

A new event data format has been designed and prototyped by the CMS collaboration to satisfy the needs of a large fraction of physics analyses (at least 50%) with a per event size of order 1 kB. This new format is more than a factor of 20 smaller than the MINIAOD format and contains only top level information typically used in the last steps of the analysis. The talk will review the current analysis strategy from the point of view of event format in CMS (both skims and formats such as RECO, AOD, MINIAOD, NANOAOD) and will describe the design guidelines for the new NANOAOD format.
GammaLearn - first steps to apply Deep Learning to the Cherenkov Telescope Array data
Authors: Vuillaume Thomas , Mikael Jacquemont , Antiga Luca , Benoit Alexandre , Lambert Patrick , Maurin Gilles , Silvestri Giorgia
Published: September 2019

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the next generation of ground-based gamma-ray telescopes for gamma-ray astronomy. Two arrays will be deployed composed of 19 telescopes in the Northern hemisphere and 99 telescopes in the Southern hemisphere.
Due to its very high sensitivity, CTA will record a colossal amount of data that represent a computing challenge to the reconstruction software. Moreover, the vast majority of triggered events come from protons that represent a background for gamma-ray astronomy.
Deep learning developments in the last few years have shown tremendous improvements in the analysis of data in many domains. Thanks to the huge amount of simulated data and later of real data, produced by CTA, these algorithms look well-suited and very promising. Moreover, the trained neural networks show very good computing performances during execution. Here we present a first study of deep learning architectures applied to CTA simulated data to perform the reconstruction of the particles energy and incoming direction and the development of a specific framework, GammaLearn, to accomplish this task.
The Belle II flavor tagger
Authors: Abudinén Fernando
Published: September 2019

Belle II is a particle-physics experiment at the intensity frontier focused on probing non Standard Model physics through precision measurements of quark-flavor and τ-lepton dynamics. Determining the flavor of neutral B mesons, i.e. their quark composition, is a crucial task which is addressed using flavor tagging algorithms. Due to the novel high-luminosity conditions and the increased beam backgrounds at Belle II, an improved flavor tagging algorithm had to be developed to ensure the success of the Belle II physics program.

The new Belle II flavor tagger exploits the flavor-specific signatures of B 0 decays employing boosted decision trees and neural networks. It identifies B 0-decay products providing flavor-specific signatures and combines the information from all possible signatures into a final output. The algorithm has been validated by comparing its performance on simulated events with its performance on collision events collected by the predecessor experiment Belle.

To explore the advantages of state-of-the-art deep-learning techniques, the Belle II collaboration developed a deep-learning-based flavor tagger. This algorithm tags the flavor of B 0 mesons without identifying flavor specific signatures using a deep-learning neural network. The validation on Belle data of this algorithm is currently ongoing.
Collaborative Scientific Authoring at CERN
Authors: Kasioumis Nikos , Brancolini Valeria
Published: September 2019

For over a year we ran a CERN-wide trial of collaborative authoring platforms, understanding the authoring habits of the CERN community and gathering user requirements. As a result, the Overleaf cloud platform is now fully available to the CERN Community. We first explain our user-centered approach, how it led us to a decision and why it was important to follow this approach. We then highlight the usage growth of Overleaf at CERN since its adoption and we finally look into the future of CERN Authoring.
ComputeOps: containers for High Performance Computing
Authors: Cavet Cécile , Bailly-Reyre Aurélien , Chamont David , Dadoun Olivier , Dehne Garcia Alexandre , Guérin Pierre-Emmanuel , Hennion Pascale , Lodygensky Oleg , Marchal-Duval Gérard , Medernach Emmanuel , Mendoza Victor , Pansanel Jérôme , Randriatoamanana Richard , Sartirana Andrea , Souchal Martin , Tugler Julien
Published: September 2019

The High Performance Computing (HPC) domain aims to optimize code to use the latest multicore and parallel technologies including specific processor instructions. In this computing framework, portability and reproducibility are key concepts. A way to handle these requirements is to use Linux containers. These "light virtual machines" allow users to encapsulate applications within its environment in processes. Containers have been recently highlighted because they provide multi-infrastructure environnement for both developers and system administrators. Furthermore, they offer reproducibility due to image building files. Two container solutions are emerging: Docker for micro-services and Singularity for computing applications. We present here the Com-puteOps project which investigates the container benefits for HPC applications.
Advanced Scheduling in IaaS Clouds
Authors: Balashov Nikita , Baranov Alexander , Belov Sergey , Kadochnikov Ivan , Korenkov Vladimir , Kutovskiy Nikolay , Nechaevskiy Andrey , Pelevanyuk Igor
Published: September 2019

The complexity of modern software libraries and applications makes it hard to predict possible workloads generated by the software that may lead to significant underutilization of hardware in Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) clouds. In this paper, we give a review of an approach aimed to deal with resource underutilization in cloud environments, including description of a developed software framework and an example algorithm. IaaS clouds following this universal approach can help increase overall cloud resource utilization independently of the variety of cloud applications.
Cyber security detection and monitoring at IHEP private cloud for web services
Authors: Yan Tian , Zeng Shan , Qi Mengyao , Hu Qingbao , Qi Fazhi
Published: September 2019

To improve hardware utilization and save manpower in system maintenance, most of the web
services in IHEP have been migrated to a private cloud build upon OpenStack. However, cyber security attacks
becomes a serious threats to the cloud progressively. Therefore, a cyber security detection and monitoring system is deployed for this cloud platform. This system collects various security related logs as data sources, and processes them in a framework composed of open source data store, analysis and visualization tools. With this system, security
incidents and events can be handled in time and rapid response can be taken to protect cloud platform against cyber
security threats.
Integrating HPC into an agile and cloud-focused environment at CERN
Authors: Llopis Pablo , Lindqvist Carolina , Høimyr Nils , van der Ster Dan , Ganz Philippe
Published: September 2019

CERN’s batch and grid services are mainly focused on High Throughput computing (HTC) for processing data from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and other experiments. However, part of the user community requires High Performance Computing (HPC) for massively parallel applications across many cores on MPI-enabled infrastructure. This contribution addresses the implementation of HPC infrastructure at CERN for Lattice QCD application development, as well as for different types of simulations for the accelerator and technology sector at CERN. Our approach has been to integrate the HPC facilities as far as possible with the HTC services in our data centre, and to take advantage of an agile infrastructure for updates, configuration and deployment. The HPC cluster has been orchestrated with the OpenStack Ironic component, and is hence managed with the same tools as the CERN internal OpenStack cloud. Experience and benchmarks of MPI applications across Infiniband with shared storage on CephFS is discussed, as well the setup of the SLURM scheduler for HPC jobs with a provision for backfill of HTC workloads.
Netbench – large-scale network device testing with real-life traffic patterns
Authors: Stancu Stefan Nicolae , Krajewski Adam Lukasz , Cadeddu Mattia , Antosik Marta , Panzer-Steinde Bernd
Published: September 2019

Network performance is key to the correct operation of any modern data centre infrastructure or data acquisition (DAQ) system. Hence, it is crucial to ensure the devices employed in the network are carefully selected to meet the required needs. Specialized commercial testers implement standardized tests [1, 2], which benchmark the performance of network devices under reproducible, yet artificial conditions. Netbench is a network-testing framework, relying on commodity servers and NICs, that enables the evaluation of network devices performance for handling traffic-patterns that closely resemble real-life usage, at a reasonably affordable price. We will present the architecture of the Netbench framework, its capabilities and how they complement the use of specialized commercial testers (e.g. competing TCP flows that create temporary congestion provide a good benchmark of buffering capabilities in real-life scenarios). Last but not least, we will describe how CERN used Netbench for performing large scale tests with partial-mesh and full-mesh TCP flows [3], an essential validation point during its most recent high-end routers call for tender.
Dynamic Integration and Management of Opportunistic Resources for HEP
Authors: Schnepf Matthias J. , von Cube R. Florian , Fischer Max , Giffels Manuel , Heidecker Christoph , Heiss Andreas , Kuehn Eileen , Petzold Andreas , Quast Guenter , Sauter Martin
Published: September 2019

Demand for computing resources in high energy physics (HEP) shows a highly dynamic behavior, while the provided resources by the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) remains static. It has become evident that opportunistic resources such as High Performance Computing (HPC) centers and commercial clouds are well suited to cover peak loads. However, the utilization of these resources gives rise to new levels of complexity, e.g. resources need to be managed highly dynamically and HEP applications require a very specific software environment usually not provided at opportunistic resources. Furthermore, aspects to consider are limitations in network bandwidth causing I/O-intensive workflows to run inefficiently.

The key component to dynamically run HEP applications on opportunistic resources is the utilization of modern container and virtualization technologies. Based on these technologies, the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) has developed ROCED, a resource manager to dynamically integrate and manage a variety of opportunistic resources. In combination with ROCED, HTCondor batch system acts as a powerful single entry point to all available computing resources, leading to a seamless and transparent integration of opportunistic resources into HEP computing.

KIT is currently improving the resource management and job scheduling by focusing on I/O requirements of individual workflows, available network bandwidth as well as scalability. For these reasons, we are currently developing a new resource manager, called TARDIS. In this paper, we give an overview of the utilized technologies, the dynamic management, and integration of resources as well as the status of the I/O-based resource and job scheduling.
Equal-cost multi-pathing in high power systems with TRILL
Authors: Baginyan Andrey , Korenkov Vladimir , Dolbilov Andrey , Kashunin Ivan
Published: September 2019

The article presents a hierarchical diagram of the network farm and a model of the network architecture levels. Protocols for disposal full mesh network topologies are considered. Modern data transfer protocol TRILL is presented. Its advantages are analysed in comparison with other possible protocols that may be used in the full-mesh topology. Empirical calculations of data routing based on a Dijkstra's algorithm and a patent formula of the TRILL protocol are given. Two monitoring systems of downloading data channels are described. The data obtained from 40G interfaces through each monitoring systems is presented, and their behaviour is analysed. The main result is that the discrepancy of experimental data with theoretical predictions to be equal to the weight balancing of the traffic when transmitting the batch information over the equivalent edges of the graph. It is shown that the distribution of the traffic over such routes is of arbitrary and inconsistent with the patent formula character. The conclusion analyses issues of the traffic behaviour under extreme conditions.
Service monitoring system for JINR Tier-1
Authors: Kadochnikov Ivan , Korenkov Vladimir , Mitsyn Valery , Pelevanyuk Igor , Strizh Tatiana
Published: September 2019

The JINR Tier-1 for CMS was created in 2015. It is important to keep an eye on the Tier-1 center all the time in order to maintain its performance. The one monitoring system is based on Nagios: it monitors the center on several levels: engineering infrastructure, network, and hardware. It collects many metrics, creates plots and determines hardware components states like HDD states, temperatures, loads and many other. But this information is not always enough to tell if the Tier-1 services are working properly. For that purpose, a service monitoring system was developed in order to collect data from different resources including WLCG monitoring services. The purpose of this system is to aggregate data from different sources, determine states of the services based on new and historical data and react according to some predefined instructions. The systems, general idea, and architecture are described and analyzed in this work
Simulation approach for improving the computing network topology and performance of the China IHEP Data Center
Authors: Nechaevskiy Andrey , Ososkov Gennady , Pryahina Darya , Trofimov Vladimir , Li Weidong
Published: September 2019

The paper describes the project intended to improve the computing network topology and performance of the China IHEP Data Center taking into account growing numbers of hosts, experiments and computing resources. The analysis of the computing performance of the IHEP Data Center in order to optimize its distributed data processing system is a really hard problem due to the great scale and complexity of shared computing and storage resources between various HEP experiments. In order to fulfil the requirements, we adopt the simulation program SyMSim that was developed at the Laboratory of Information Technologies of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. This simulation system is focused on improving the efficiency of the grid-cloud structures development by using the work quality indicators of some real system. SyMSim facilitates making a decision regarding required equipment and resources. The simulation uses input parameters from the data base of the IHEP computing infrastructure, besides we use some data of the BESIII experiments to indicate workflow and data flow parameters for simulation three different cases of organizing IHEP computing infrastructure. The first simulation results show that the proposed approach allows us to make an optimal choice of the network topology improving its performance and saving resources.
Effet d’interaction entre stratégie régulatrice et structure de récompense de la situation : étude sur la performance au pénalty en handball
Authors: Vahé Amandine , Debanne Thierry
Published: September 2019

La présente étude est basée sur les théories du focus régulateur (Higgins, E.T. (1997). Beyond pleasure and pain. American Psychologist, 52, 1280–1300) et de la congruence régulatrice (Higgins, E.T. (2000). Making a good decision: Value from fit. American Psychologist, 55, 1217–1230 ; Higgins, E.T. (2005). Value from regulatory fit. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 209–213). Elle investigue l’effet d’interaction entre la stratégie régulatrice du système gardien-tireur et la structure de récompense sur la performance au pénalty en handball. L’échantillon est composé de 438 pénaltys, issus de 51 matchs du championnat de France masculin de 1re Division, saison 2017–2018. Les régressions logistiques montrent une tendance d’effet d’interaction entre la stratégie régulatrice et la structure de récompense, sur la performance (Wald test = 2,51 ; p = 0,09). Lorsque la structure de récompense et la stratégie utilisée sont congruentes pour le gardien de but et incongruentes pour le tireur, la réussite au pénalty est faible (OR = 0,71). En situation inverse, la réussite au pénalty est élevée (OR = 4,74). Ainsi, les résultats supportent la théorie de la congruence régulatrice, et la renforcent comme cadre de travail pour la compréhension et l’amélioration de la performance. Les implications pratiques de ces résultats sont présentées.
Boswelliaextrakte/Boswelliasäuren bei malignen Tumoren: Eine Übersicht
Authors: Ammon H.P.T.
Published: September 2019

Harze der Bäume verschiedener Boswellia-Spezies – pharmazeutisch Olibanum genannt – werden seit Jahrtausenden als Arzneimittel – auch bei Tumoren – verwendet. Seit den 1990er-Jahren häufen sich die Berichte über Antitumorwirkungen von Extrakten aus dem Harz und einigen Inhaltsstoffen, hier insbesondere von Boswelliasäuren. Präklinische Studien zeigten eine Hemmung der Proliferation, Antiangiogenese und der Ausbreitung von Metastasen sowie Induktion von Apoptose bei einer Vielzahl von Tumorzelllinien wie: Leukämie-, Glioblastom-, Meningiom-, Prostata-, Leber-, Mamma-, Kolon-, Pankreas- und Lungenkarzinomzellen.

Die Inhaltsstoffe eines Boswelia-Extraktes (BE) verhalten sich in ihrer Antitumorwirkung synergistisch zueinander und auch gegenüber Chemotherapeutika und Bestrahlung. Der Mechanismus der Antitumorwirkung beeinflusst mehrere Transduktionssignalwege und Einzelfaktoren, die mit Proliferation, Apoptose, Angiogenese und Invasion im Zusammenhang stehen. Ihre Aktivierung erfolgt in vielen Fällen durch Phosphorylierungsreaktionen. Letztere werden durch BE und -inhaltsstoffe gehemmt. Eine wichtige Rolle bei der Apoptosewirkung spielt die Aktivierung von Caspasen.

Klinische Studien liegen außer bei Hirntumoren nicht vor. Ein Vorteil von BE ist die geringe Toxizität. Dies sollte Anlass zur Durchführung klinischer Studien sein.
Rekonstruktion des Zwischenkiefers mithilfe eines alveolären Distraktionsverfahrens
Authors: Erverdi Nejat , Şar Çağla
Published: September 2019

Bei dem vorliegenden Fallbericht handelt es sich um eine frühe klinische Evaluation eines Patienten mit bilateraler Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumenspalte, der mithilfe des bogengeführten Distraktionsosteogeneseverfahrens behandelt worden ist. Bei dem 21 Jahre alten Patienten fehlten die oberen Frontzähne und die Ästhetik war schlecht. Er hatte eine skelettale und dentale Klasse-III-Relation, eine Oberkieferhypoplasie, eine Kompression des oberen seitlichen Zahnbogens, eine defiziente Prämaxilla auf Grund der Spaltung des Alveolarkiefers und einen konkaven Verlauf des Gesichtsprofils. Die Behandlungsplanung sah die Ausformung und Nivellierung der Zahnbögen mit festsitzenden Apparaturen und eine bogengeführte Distraktionsosteogenese vor. Dazu wurden die seitlichen Segmente osteotomiert und mobilisiert. Die Distraktoren wurden so weit aktiviert, bis die lateralen Segmente Kontakt zueinander hatten. Der Patient wurde dann an einen Kieferchirurgen überwiesen, der die Docking-Operation durchführte. Im Anschluss daran wurde er prothetisch versorgt. Mithilfe dieses Verfahrens wurde ein ausgedehnter Defektbereich geschlossen, eine ideale Form des Zahnbogens erhalten und neues Knochengewebe hinter den distrahierten Kiefersegmenten gebildet.
Behandlungshierarchien bei orofazialen Dysfunktionen
Authors: Pfaller-Frank Karin
Published: September 2019

Die myofunktionelle Therapie, wie diese von Daniel Garliner in den 70er-Jahren des vergangenen Jahrhunderts im deutschen Sprachraum eingeführt wurde, ist in ihrer ursprünglichen Form, mitsamt den vielen Modifikationen nicht mehr zeitgemäß. Ursachen dafür mögen eine unzulässige Trivialisierung der MFT an sich sowie eine Vernachlässigung der funktionellen Betrachtungen sein. Das Wissen über den dynamischen Charakter von orofazialen Funktionen, die Interaktion von Struktur und Funktion, die Wechselbeziehung von Stabilität und Mobilität, die Interaktionen von Sensibilität, Stereognose und Sensomotorik und die Relevanz von Gleichgewichtsmechanismen haben ein besseres Verständnis über orofaziale Funktionen ermöglicht. Die MFT bzw. die funktionelle Behandlung orofazialer Dysfunktionen ist mittlerweile zu einem unverzichtbaren Bestandteil im Rahmen kieferorthopädischer/kieferchirurgischer und logopädischer Behandlungen geworden. Selbstverständlich sind nicht sämtliche ursprünglichen Behandlungsfaktoren überholt, sie werden zunehmend in ein funktionelles Grundverständnis eingebunden und abgestimmt auf die jeweils individuelle Situation eingesetzt.

Diese auf der Interaktion von Struktur und Funktion basierende gemeinsame Herangehensweise von KFO und Logopädie trägt den wechselseitigen Abhängigkeiten von sogenannten harten und weichen Geweben Rechnung. Die Überlegungen zum soft tissue paradigm nach Proffit [1] stellen die konzeptionelle Grundlage für einen vielversprechenden Ansatz dar.
Wie Menschen entscheiden, ob sie sich einer kieferorthopädischen Behandlung unterziehen wollen oder nicht: Upstream in der Behandlungskette
Authors: Feldner Josef Andreas
Published: September 2019

Einleitung

Die wichtigsten Entscheidungen in Bezug auf kieferorthopädische Behandlungen finden in den meisten Fällen nicht in der Praxis des Kieferorthopäden statt. Vor der Entscheidung, sich einer Behandlung zu unterziehen, informieren sich Patienten zunächst über die Möglichkeit einer solchen Behandlung, sei dies durch Freunde, Medien, niedergelassene Zahnärzte (NZA) oder durch Kieferorthopäden.
Lösungen für alltägliche Probleme bei der kieferorthopädischen Feineinstellung
Authors: Troiani Stefano
Published: September 2019

Jedem praktisch tätigen Kieferorthopäden ist die Bedeutung einer guten Feineinstellung klar, auch wenn dies nicht durch wissenschaftliche Nachweise gestützt wird. Einige Probleme treten während des Finishings immer wieder auf. Eine unterschiedliche Zahnbogenlänge, die Torqueanpassung am Eckzahn und seitliche Frühkontakte sind dabei die häufigsten Probleme, für die Lösungsmöglichkeiten vorgestellt werden.
Adherence to recommendations of Barrett’s esophagus surveillance guidelines: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Roumans Carlijn A. M. , van der Bogt Ruben D. , Steyerberg Ewout W. , Rizopoulos Dimitris , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris , Sharma Prateek , Spaander Manon C. W. , Bruno Marco J.
Published: September 2019

Background Guidelines aim to reduce treatment variation and improve quality of care. In the literature there is large variation in the reported rates of adherence to recommendations of surveillance for Barrett’s esophagus (BE). The aim of this systematic review was to identify explanatory parameters determining these differences in adherence rates.

Methods Embase, Medline Epub, and Web of Science were searched. Studies reporting adherence in at least one of five domains were selected: general domain, surveillance interval, biopsy protocol, landmark identification, and histopathological information. Adherence was expressed as the proportion of endoscopies or endoscopists being in accordance with guideline recommendations. Variation in adherence was evaluated by 1) meta-regression of adherence rates in random effects meta-analysis to define subgroups, and 2) compiling an overview of the most reported explanatory parameters for (non)adherence.

Results 56 studies, including 14 002 BE patients and 4932 endoscopists, were included. Subgroup analysis showed that variation in rates of adherences to surveillance interval recommendations (I
2 = 98 % – 99 %) was explained by difference in country (43 %), by practice type (90 %), and by year of publication (11 %). Variation in adherence to the Seattle protocol was explained by difference in country (14 %). Factors most frequently reported to be associated with better adherence were shorter BE length, salaried employment, surveillance in university hospitals, and dedicated programs.

Conclusions This study provides insight into the variability of rates of adherence to BE surveillance recommendations between studies. Better adherence in university hospitals and dedicated programs indicate that persistent alertness of guidelines is important.
An Unusual Cause of Chronic Headache in an Adolescent Boy: A Case Report
Authors: Yoganathan Sangeetha , Mariappan Ramamani , Sudhakar Sniya Valsa , Mani Sunithi Elizabeth , Mathew Vivek , Thomas Maya , Aboobacker Fouzia Nambiathayil
Published: September 2019

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is an under-diagnosed cause of headache in children and adolescents. SIH results from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak due to breach in the dura mater and the etiology for dural breach is often diverse. We report an adolescent boy who presented with chronic episodic headache that later progressed to daily headache. There was a typical history of worsening of headache on upright position and relief of headache on lying down. He was treated with migraine prophylaxis in another hospital but there was no response. Marfanoid features and brisk deep tendon reflexes were observed on clinical examination. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed sagging of the brain stem, pachymeningeal enhancement, and tonsillar herniation. MRI of spine myelogram confirmed multiple levels of CSF leak. He was initially managed with supportive measures and fluoroscopic-guided fibrin glue injection. Although child remained symptom-free for the next 6 months, he again developed headache. MRI and computed tomography spine myelogram revealed a meningeal diverticulum in the lumbar spine. He was managed with an autologous epidural blood patch and he has been well since then. In this report, we highlight the clinical and radiological pointers to the presence of SIH in children with recurrent headache.
Postpartum Weight Loss in Women with Class-III Obesity: Do They Lose What They Gain?
Authors: Siegel Anne M. , Tucker Ann , Adkins LaMani D. , Mitchell Courtney , Brown Haywood L. , Dotters-Katz Sarah
Published: September 2019

Objective Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) increases risk of postpartum weight retention in normal and overweight women but little is known about weight retention in morbidly obese women. We evaluated the impact of GWG on postpartum weight retention in women with class-III obesity.

Study Design This is a retrospective cohort of pregnancies at a single institution from July 2013 to December 2017 complicated by body mass index (BMI) ≥ 40 at entry to care. Women were classified as GWG within (WITHIN), less than (LESS), or greater than (MORE) Institute of Medicine's (IOM) recommendations. Women were excluded for multiples, late prenatal care, preterm birth, fetal anomalies, intrauterine demise, weight loss, and missing data. Primary outcome was achievement of intake weight at the postpartum visit. Logistic regression was used to adjust for confounding factors.

Results Among 338 women, 93 (28%) gained WITHIN, 129 (38%) LESS, and 144 (43%) MORE. Women in the MORE group were less likely to achieve their intake weight at the postpartum visit (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.09 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.05–0.17, p < 0.01). Women gaining MORE were the only group who did not lose weight from intake to postpartum (Median weight change [LESS: −14 lbs (IQR: −20 to −7)] vs. [WITHIN: −7 lbs (IQR: −13 to −1)] vs. [MORE: 5 lbs (IQR: 0–15)]; p < 0.01).

Conclusion Excessive GWG in women with class-III obesity is associated with postpartum weight retention.
Collapsing-field-domain-based 200 GHz solid-state source
Authors: Vainshtein Sergey N. , Duan Guoyong , Yuferev Valentin S. , Zemlyakov Valery E. , Egorkin Vladimir I. , Kalyuzhnyy Nikolay A. , Maleev Nikolai A. , Egorov Anton Yu. , Kostamovaara Juha T.
Published: September 2019

A simple miniature source generating pulse trains with a central frequency of ∼100 GHz and a duration of 50–100 ps has been demonstrated recently. The source is based on nanometer-scale collapsing field domains (CFDs) generated in the collector of an avalanching bipolar GaAs transistor. The central frequency is determined by the domain transient time across the collector, and thus, a routine increase in the oscillation frequency from 0.1 to 0.3–0.5 THz would require a reduction in the collector thickness by a factor of 3–5. This is not acceptable, however, since it would reduce the maximum blocking voltage affecting the achievable peak current across the avalanche switch. We suggest here a solution to this challenging problem by reducing the CFD travel distance while keeping the collector thickness unchanged. Here, the discovered and interpreted phenomenon of CFD collapse when entering a dense carrier plasma zone made it possible by means of bandgap engineering. A CFD emitter generating ∼200 GHz wavetrains of ∼100 ps in duration is demonstrated. This finding opens an avenue for the increase in the oscillation frequency without any reduction in the emitted power, by using a smart structure design.
Development of a transient thrust stand with sub-millisecond resolution
Authors: Spells C. , Craig A. , Ketsdever A.
Published: September 2019

A transient thrust stand has been developed to offer 0.1 ms time-resolved force measurements up to 22 N. The system uses a predictor-based subspace system identification (PBSID) algorithm to obtain a high order state space model of the thrust stand. The state space model defines high-frequency vibration modes within the thrust stand. The high-frequency vibration modes are necessary to provide the time response of 0.1 ms. Thruster forces are then estimated using an augmented Kalman filter (AKF) to combine sensor traces from four accelerometers, a velocity sensor, and a displacement transducer. Fusing low-frequency displacement data with high-frequency acceleration measurements provides accurate force data from 0 kHz to 10 kHz. Combining the AKF with the PBSID state space model inherently attenuates external noise sources such as pumps. The transient thrust stand uses a torsional configuration to minimize influence from external vibrations and achieve high force resolution independent of thruster weight. Results demonstrated that the system was capable of obtaining dynamic thrust profiles with less than 5% error and a time resolution of 0.1 ms. To date, no thrust stand is capable of measuring up to 22 N forces with a time response of 10 kHz.
Phonon limited anisotropic quantum transport in phosphorene field effect transistors
Authors: Brahma Madhuchhanda , Kabiraj Arnab , Bescond Marc , Mahapatra Santanu
Published: September 2019

Electron-phonon coupling limited transport in phosphorene metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) is studied along the armchair (AC) and zigzag (ZZ) directions. In a multiscale approach, the unit cell of phosphorene is first relaxed, and the band structure is calculated using hybrid density functional theory (DFT). The transport equations are then solved quantum mechanically under the nonequilibrium Green’s function formalism using DFT-calibrated two-band k⋅p hamiltonian. The treatment of electron-phonon scattering is done under the self-consistent Born approximation in conjunction with deformation potential theory. It is found that optical phonon modes are largely responsible for degradation of ON-current apart from p-channel AC MOSFET where acoustic phonon modes play a stronger role. It is further observed that electron-phonon scattering is more pronounced in the ZZ direction, whereas the diffusive ON-current of p-MOSFET in a given direction is higher than n-MOSFET. Further study on the complex band structure of phosphorene reveals band wrapping within the bandgap region in the AC direction and multiple crossings in the ZZ direction. This signifies strong phonon-assisted tunneling in the ZZ direction in comparison with the AC direction. For completeness, drain current in the AC tunnel field effect transistor is calculated, and electron-phonon scattering is observed only in the near vicinity of the OFF-current.
Optical performance of quasi-stationary, low-concentration, and low-profile compound parabolic concentrators
Authors: Khalid Muhammad , Wei Jinjia , Zhang Gaoming , Xie Huling , Fang Jiabin , Qaisrani Mumtaz A. , Wang Zexin , Mujib-Ur-Rehman
Published: September 2019

Low-concentration and low-profile compound parabolic concentrators (CPCs) in the quasi-stationary state were designed and investigated for potential use in rooftop and building-integrated concentrating photovoltaic–thermal applications. All the designs were investigated with a geometric concentration ratio of two. The first design was the lowest-position-truncated CPC (LEMR), and the second was the highest-position-truncated CPC (HEMR). The performances of both concentrators were compared with a full CPC (without truncation). At the outlet aperture, the optical efficiency within the half acceptance angle for the LEMR and HEMR CPCs averaged nearly 97%, whereas for the full CPC, it was 95%. At the best concentration plane (BCP), the optical efficiency within the half acceptance angle was the highest for the LEMR CPC 95%. A distributive method was used to estimate accurately the nonuniformity in the solar flux at both the outlet and the BCP. The nonuniformity analysis revealed that the LEMR and HEMR designs exhibited a uniform distribution of solar flux at the BCP. The incident-angle modifiers for all three cases were investigated, and the annual accumulated solar energy was estimated for Xi'an, China. The material consumption of the LEMR CPC was approximately 48% that of the full CPC and 78% that of the HEMR CPC. The LEMR also exhibited the highest annual-energy efficiency per unit material consumption (ηm = 1.30). Finally, the results indicate that the LEMR CPC possesses higher solar flux uniformity and represents a better trade-off between energy collection and cost reduction, and thus, the novel design can be used as a quasi-stationary concentrator.
Effect of surface modification treatment of buffer layer on thermal tolerance of synthetic ferrimagnetic reference layer in perpendicular-anisotropy magnetic tunnel junctions
Authors: Honjo H. , Ikeda S. , Sato H. , Yasuhira M. , Endoh T.
Published: September 2019

We improve thermal tolerance of a Co/Pt based synthetic ferrimagnetic (SyF) reference layer in a CoFeB/MgO-based perpendicular anisotropy magnetic tunnel junction by employing a surface modification treatment (SMT) using Ar plasma on a Pt buffer layer underneath the SyF layer. A higher perpendicular anisotropy and more robustness against annealing for the SyF reference layer is observed by the employment of SMT. From the cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscope of the magnetic tunnel junction and atomic force microscopy on the Pt buffer layer, SMT has no significant effect on the surface roughness of the Pt buffer layer. On the other hand, X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that SMT increases the lattice spacing of the Pt buffer layer and shrinks that of the Co/Pt multilayer, which are maintained after annealing at 400 °C. Those structural changes could lead to the improvement of perpendicular anisotropy and thermal tolerance against annealing. A high-resolution Rutherford backscattering analysis reveals that Ar ions used for SMT penetrate to the Pt buffer layer, resulting in variation of the lattice spacing for the Pt buffer layer and Co/Pt multilayer. In addition, suppression of Fe diffusion from the CoFeB reference layer to the bottom Co/Pt multilayer is observed by using energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, which also contributes to the higher thermal tolerance against annealing. The present observation reveals that the employment of SMT enables one to obtain both high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and high robustness against annealing through crystallographic change of the Co/Pt multilayer and suppression of Fe diffusion from CoFeB layer into the Co/Pt multilayer.
Magneto-electric interactions in composites of self-biased Y- and W-type hexagonal ferrites and lead zirconate titanate: Experiment and theory
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhang Jitao , Zhou Peng , Dong Cunzheng , Liang Xianfeng , Zhang Wei , Zhang Tianjin , Sun Nian X. , Filippov Dmitry , Srinivasan G.
Published: September 2019

This report is on the observation and theory for strong mechanical strain mediated magneto-electric (ME) coupling in composites of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and self-biased Y- or W-type hexagonal ferrites. Polycrystalline Y-type (Ni1−xZnx)2 Y, and W-type (Co1−xZnx)2 W, hexagonal ferrites for x = 0–0.4 prepared by ceramic processing techniques showed a large remanent magnetization due to uniaxial or in-plane magneto-crystalline anisotropy. The strength of ME coupling in symmetric trilayer composites of the ferrites and PZT was measured by the ME voltage coefficient (MEVC) at low-frequencies and at longitudinal electromechanical resonance. The bias magnetic field H-dependence of MEVC at low-frequencies in the composites with (Ni, Zn) Y showed hysteresis with its value under self-bias 90% or more of the value for the optimum bias field. In the case of composites with W-type ferrites, the MEVC under zero-external bias was 60%–80% of its value for the optimum bias field. Both types of composites when subjected to an ac magnetic field at the EMR frequency showed an order of magnitude enhancement in the MEVC compared to low-frequencies and the peak value at EMR for zero-bias was 90% of its value under the optimum bias. A model has been developed for the large ME response under the self-bias provided by the remanent magnetization and estimated values of MEVC are in good agreement with the data. The hexaferrite-ferroelectric composites showing ME response without the need for an external magnetic bias are of importance for use as sensors and sensor arrays of magnetic fields.