bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Az antihyperglykaemiás terápia deeszkalációja 2-es típusú diabetesben – amikor a kevesebb több
Authors: Jermendy György
Published: July 2019

Abstract:

Type 2 diabetes – due to its natural course – should be considered as a progressive chronic disease. Owing to this fact, antihyperglycemic treatment should be continuously increased stepwise in order to achieve proper glycemic control. Lifestyle modification should be initiated immediately after manifestation, shortly followed by metformin monotherapy, and later, dual or triple combinations and, finally, injectable derivatives – only insulin in the past – should be used for appropriate glycemic control. Guidelines about treatment approach of patients with type 2 diabetes unequivocally emphasize and describe in detail the need of treatment intensification, in other words, stepwise escalation in clinical practice. In the last couple of years, evidences provided that step down therapy, simplification of complex treatment regimens should also be considered in certain cases. This approach was generally called de-escalation in antihyperglycemic treatment which should be considered in patients with type 2 diabetes 1) after bariatric (metabolic) surgery; 2) with significant weight reduction irrespective of its origin; 3) with complex insulin regimens where re-evaluation of this treatment was missed; 4) with continuously decreasing renal function; 5) among elderly patients with comorbidities; 6) in social deprivation. In this article, data about therapeutic de-escalation of antihyperglycemic treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes and first experiences with this treatment approach are summarized. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(31): 1207–1215.
Covering rape
Authors: Tranchese Alessia
Published: August 2019

The focus of this paper is a corpus study of the representation of rape in the mainstream quality press in the UK and a discussion of the broader social implications of such representation. This paper uses corpus analysis tools to study the discourse that surrounds the terms ‘rape’ and ‘raped’ and their collocates in a corpus of four British quality newspapers and compares the findings of the corpus analysis with corpus-external data (e.g. statistics on rape crimes, government reports, rape myths) to determine whether (and to what extent) the images foregrounded by the press in the corpus echo such contextual information. On the basis of this comparison, I argue that the representation of rape in the corpus reflects and reinforces dominant stereotypical understandings of rape rooted in patriarchal conceptualisations of gender roles and sexualities and perpetuated by established professional practices in mainstream journalism.
Exceptionalising intersectionality
Authors: Candelas de la Ossa Abigaël
Published: August 2019

Groups who experience multiple marginalisation are more likely to experience domestic abuse, but appear to be the least represented in materials designed to support survivors. This paper uses corpus methods and feminist discourse analysis to examine a guidance text produced by a British organisation that supports women survivors of domestic abuse. The analysis examines the discursive practices used to construct solidarity between the implied reader, implied author and broader imagined community. While many of the practices employed in these texts to construct solidarity are exemplary – such as centring survivors’ experiences and addressing survivors directly by using first- and second-person pronouns – the texts also construct multiply marginalised survivors as distal by using third-person pronouns in discourses which represent multiple marginalisation as ‘exceptional’. The paper concludes by suggesting ways to improve guidance for survivors of domestic abuse.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Therapy for Stevens−Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: A Review
Authors: Lepekhova Anfisa A. , Allenova Anastasiya S. , Olisova Olga Yu. , Teplyuk Nataliya P. , Kanareikina Elizaveta V.
Published: July 2019

39 original articles were analyzed. 8 of them were excluded due to the small sample of patients. The effectiveness of the intravenous Ig, systemic glucocorticosteroids, cyclosporin A, biological agents (etranecept, infliximab, thalidomide) on the basis of the SCORTEN scale and the number of lethal outcomes was evaluated. Information was searched for the following databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library. The systemic glucocorticosteroid (GCs) pulse therapy using only in the phase of disease progression was the most appropriate. Some authors showed a high risk of sepsis development in patients treated with GCs. In patients who received high doses of IVIg (2 g/ kg), mortality was 2.5 times lower compared to the lower one. The number of lethal outcomes in the Cyclosporin A (3 mg/kg/day) group was 3.3 times lower. A high mortality rate was observed in patients receiving thalidomide. The effectiveness of a particular method of therapy, as well as the prognosis of the disease, largely depends on the process severity, the presence and type of concomitant pathology (for example, severe course and negative outcome in patients with cancer). There is no a single point of view regarding the therapy of SSJ and TEN. Thus, a large multicenter randomized studies are crucial.
The Effect of Cyp2d6 Gene Polymorphism on the Efficacy and Safety of Mirtazapine in Patients with Depressive Disorders Comorbid with Alcohol
Authors: Zastrozhin Mikhail S. , Smirnov Valery V. , Sorokin Alexander S. , Grishina Elena A. , Ryzhikova Kristina A. , Shipitsyn Valery V. , Savchenko Ludmila M. , Buzik Oleg Z. , Koporov Sergey S. , Bryun Evgeny A. , Sychev Dmitry A.
Published: July 2019

Background: Alcohol dependence is often combined with affective disorders, in particular, depressive disorder, which adversely affects the prognosis of the course of both diseases. For the treatment of a depressive disorder, drugs from the group of tetracyclic antidepressants, of which mirtazapine is a representative, are used. Therapy with mirtazapine is associated with the risk of undesirable drug reactions and pharmacoresistance.
Aim: To study the effect of CYPD6 isoenzyme activity on the efficacy and safety of mirtazapine therapy in patients with depressive disorders comorbid with alcoholism.
Methods: The study was conducted on 109 Russian patients with a depressive disorder, comorbid with alcohol dependence. For the correction of depressive disorders within the framework of cyclothymia, mirtazapine was prescribed to patients at a dosage of 1545 mg/day. CYP2D6*4 genotyping (1846G A, rs3892097) was carried out using Real-time polymerase chain reaction with allele-specific hybridization. Efficacy and safety were assessed using validated psychometric scales and an assessment of the severity of adverse drug reactions.
Results: By the 9th day of the study, the severity of depressive symptoms on the HAMD scale was significantly different in patients with different genotypes: (GG) 7.0 [6.0; 8.0], (GA) 4.0 [3.8; 5.0] (p0.001), safety indicator, estimated on a UKU scale: (GG) 3.0 [3.0; 3.0], (GA) 4.0 [4.0; 5.0] (p0.001). The presence of differences persisted on the 16th day: (GG) 5.0 [3.0; 6.0], (GA) 1.5 [0.8; 3.2] (p0.001), safety indicator, estimated on a UKU scale: (GG) 6.0 [6.0; 7.0], (GA) 8.5 [8.0; 10.0] (p0.001).
Conclusion: In this study, the effect of CYP2D6 gene polymorphism on the efficacy and safety of therapy with mirtazapine was demonstrated. Carrying a minor allele A is associated with an increased risk of adverse drug reactions, but improving performance profile performance.
Diagnosis and Choice of a Method of Treatment of Intraabdominal Hypertension and Abdominal Compartment Syndrome
Authors: Timerbulatov Vil M. , Timerbulatov Shamil V. , Fayazov Radik R. , Timerbulatov Mahmud V. , Gaynullina Elza N. , Smir Ruslan A.
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND: Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) remain a complex problem of abdominal surgery. To date, the pathophysiological mechanisms, methods for determining intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) the frequency of its measurement, and the methods of conservative and surgical more and more researchers consider surgical decompression as a treatment.
AIMS: Аnalysis of the results of the implementation of monitoring of intra-abdominal pressure and its impact on the outcomes of treatment of patients with severe acute pancreatitis and acute colon obstruction.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A study of 397 patients with emergency abdominal pathology including 197 with acute obstructive obstruction of the colon (AOOC), 200 severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) was performed. Patients (n=201) were included in the I (main) group, which was carried out using IAP as the main criterion for assessing the patient`s condition and when choosing a method of treatment, in II ― without taking then into account and monitoring. Measurement of IAP, blood lactate was determined primarily, then alternatively 4 to 6 hours. The survey included the study of biochemical indicators, endoscopic methods, visualization (ultrasound scanning, CT of the abdominal cavity organs).
RESULTS: In the I group of IAH patients, I and II degrees were in 73.13%, in the II group in 79.5% IAH III and IV degrees, respectively, in 26.87% and 21.5% (p0.05). Measurement of IAP was carried out according to the I.L. Kron method, repeated measurement depending on the degree of IAH after 46 hours, simultaneously, as a predictor of internal ischemia, determined the level of lactate in blood and perfusion abdominal pressure. An algorithm for early diagnosis is suggested excess intraabdominal pressure. For I and II, the degree of IAH was treated with aggressive conservative therapy, with failure of intensive therapy III of IAH degree surgical treatment, with IV degree IAH emergency decompressive laparotomy. In the I group, the mortality was significantly lower than in the II group: IAH at III, with AOOC 27.7% and 50%, respectively (p0.05), at SAP 37.5% and 80% (p0.01), respectively, at IV degree IAH for AOOC 75% and 90% (p0.05), with SAP 75% and 88,8% (p0.05) respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of treatment of patients with IAH can be improved by its early diagnosis, intensive, aggressive therapy of IAH IIII degrees. At IAH I, II degrees conservative treatment is shown, persistent aggressive conservative treatment should be performed at IAH III degree, if it is unsuccessful and IV degree of IAH, an emergency decompressive laparotomy should be performed.
Evaluation of the lipid peroxidation reactions activity in middle-aged men with chronic gastritis on the background of H. pylori infection
Authors: Darenskaya Marina A. , Smirnova Olga V. , Kasparov Edward V. , Grebenkina Lyudmila A. , Sinyakov Aleksandr A. , Kolesnikova Lubov I. , Kolesnikov Sergey I.
Published: July 2019

Background: There is not enough information about the course of the processes of lipid peroxidation-antioxidant defense in middle-aged men who are at risk of developing gastric cancer on the Correa cascade.
Aims: To analyze of the processes of lipid peroxidation activity and antioxidant defense in men with chronic gastritis and chronic atrophic gastritis in combination with and without the presence of Helicobacter pylori.
Materials and methods: 173 middle-aged men with an established diagnosis of chronic gastritis were examined, which were divided into 4 groups: group 1 ― patients with chronic gastritis without H. pylori (n=58), group 2 ― patients with chronic gastritis in combination with H. pylori (n=61), group 3 ― patients with chronic atrophic gastritis without H. pylori (n=28), group 4 ― patients with chronic atrophic gastritis in combination with H. pylori (n=26). Evaluation of the content of parameters of the lipid peroxidation system and the antioxidant components activity using spectrophotometric research methods was carried out. For statistical analysis, the software package Statistica 7.0 (Stat Soft, USA) was used. The study was conducted during 20132015.
Results: Infection H. pylori with chronic and chronic atrophic gastritis accompanied by significant changes in the system of lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant defense components in the form of primary and accumulation of end products, insufficient activity of antioxidant enzymes ― superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase and reducing content of reduced glutathione. The use of an integrating factor to assess the severity of prooxidant activity confirms the development of antioxidant deficiency in patients of these groups.
Conclusions: In patients with chronic and chronic atrophic gastritis, combined with H. Pylori infection, a more pronounced progression of oxidative stress reactions and a significant lack of antioxidant factors were found in comparison with patients with these forms of gastritis without H. pylori.
Urine-Derived Stem Cells: Differentiation Potential into Smooth-Muscle Cells and Urothelial Cell
Authors: Vasyutin Igor A. , Lyundup Aleksey V. , Kuznetsov Sergey L.
Published: July 2019

Background: Tissue engineering of low urinary tract organs requires biopsy of urinary bladder material. The current study describes non-invasive approach of obtaining autologous stem cells from urine of healthy adults. These cells were studied for potential to differentiate into epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells of the urinary bladder.
Aims: To describe properties of urine-derived stem cells (USCs) and investigate their differentiation potential for tissue engineering of low urinary tract organs.
Materials and Methods: USCs were isolated from urine of healthy volunteers with centrifugation and seeded in media to 24-well plates. Expression of stem cells markers (CD73, CD90, CD105, CD34, CD45, CD29, CD44, CD54, SSEA4) by USCs was assessed with flow cytometry. Expression of specific markers of smooth muscle cells and urothelial cells was assessed with fluorescence microscopy with following computational image analysis.
Results: Median number of USCs per 100 ml urine was 6. Doubling time for USC was 1.440.528 days (n=4) and there were 26.34.79 population doublings for USC cultures (n=4). Median expression of markers of postnatal stem cells was CD73 ― 79.8%, CD90 ― 56.6%, CD105 ― 40.7%, CD34 1.0%, CD45 2.0%, CD29 99.0%, CD44 99.0%, CD54 ― 97.7% and SSEA4 99.0%. Treatment of cells with high concentration of EGF in media with low concentration of FBS for 10 days increased cytokeratin (CK) expression to 24.9% for CK AE1/AE3 and to 7.6% for CK 7. Treatment of USCs with media inducing smooth muscle differentiation for 10 days increased expression of -smooth muscle actin to 79.6% and expression of calponin to 97.6%.
Conclusions: USCs are cells that can be found in urine in small quantities. They have high proliferative potential and express markers of postnatal stem cells. Under effect of PDGF-BB and TGF- 1 they differentiate into smooth muscle cells.
The Role of the Endocannabinoid Signaling System in the Pathophysiology of Asthma and Obesity
Authors: Kytikovа Oksana Y. , Novgorodtseva Tatyana P. , Denisenko Yuliya K. , Antonyuk Marina V. , Gvozdenko Tatyana A.
Published: July 2019

Bronchial asthma (BA) and obesity are one of the major modern problem, requiring the development of an effective therapeutic strategy. The frequent combination of these diseases in one patient indicates the general pathophysiological mechanisms and future study for targeted drug exposure are needed. The endocannabinoid system is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes and can be considered as a general mechanism and a potential therapeutic target in asthma and obesity, the receptors of the system are expressed in many central and peripheral tissues. This signal system modulates the functions of the autonomic nervous system, immune system and microcirculation, plays an important role in the regulation of energy balance, metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. The main research aimed at studying the functioning of this system was focused on neurology and psychiatry, while numerous scientific data demonstrate the importance of the participation of this system in the pathogenesis of other diseases. In particular, this system is involved in the mechanisms of obesity. The role of the endocannabinoid system in the pathogenesis of asthma is actively studied. The wide prevalence of the endocannabinoid signaling system and its regulatory role in the body opens up prospects for therapeutic effects in the treatment of asthma and obesity, as well as the possible phenotype of asthma, combined with obesity. The review is devoted to modern ideas about endocannabinoids, their receptors, mechanisms of action and their role in the pathophysiology of asthma and obesity. The therapeutic prospects and difficulties associated with the use of endocannabinoids and phytocannabinoids in medicine are discussed.
The Value of Genetic and Non-Genetic Factors in the Emergence and in the Development of Androgenetic Alopecia in Men: Multifactor Analysis
Authors: Kondrakhina Irina N. , Verbenko Dmitry A. , Zatevalov Alexander M. , Kubanov Alexey A. , Deryabin Dmitrij G.
Published: July 2019

Background: Among pathological hair loss conditions in men the androgenic alopecia (L64 according to ICD-10) has been the most common diagnosed. However, the reasons of the occurrence and development of the disease remain incompletely clarified, that determines the difficulties of personalized therapy.
Aims: To analyze both genetic and non-genetic factors involved in the pathogenesis of androgenic alopecia in men, and to create personalized multifactorial model for description of individual causes of the disease.
Materials and methods: The genetic predisposition to androgenic alopecia was estimated by the set of SNP rs929626, rs5919324, rs1998076, rs12565727 and rs756853, analyzed by mini-sequencing. The non-genetic factors included: hormones and metabolic markers, trace elements, and vitamins. Two-stage model creation of androgenic alopecia occurrence and development was carried out using a neural network (for genetic factors) followed by step-by-step linear discriminate analysis (for non-genetic factors).
Results: The case-control study included 50 men revealing IIV stages of androgenic alopecia (according to Norwood-Hamilton classification) and 25 healthy volunteers relevant in their age and origin. The analysis of each SNP separately did not show significant differences between these groups, while SNP joint consideration in neural network model made it possible to assess the genetic predisposition to androgenic alopecia, as well as to divide the low and high genetic risk subgroups. A large number of significant non-genetic factors, including elevated levels of dihydrotestosterone, 17-OH-progesterone, insulin, and deficiency of Mg, Cu, Zn, Se, vitamins D, E, folic acid was shown in low genetic risk subgroup. In turn, in the high genetic risk subgroup the set of significant non-genetic factors was limited to metabolic and micronutrient disorders only. These data were used for the multifactorial model showing 81.285.1% accuracy being the most effective in early (III) stages of androgenic alopecia.
Conclusions: The different influence of non-genetic factors in patients with low and high genetic risk of androgenic alopecia has been revealed. The integral factors consideration in the proposed two-stage multifactorial model identifies individual causes of the disease and gives the chance for the development of personalized therapy of androgenic alopecia in men.
Visual Acuity Charts: Analytical Review, Basic Terms
Authors: Gracheva Maria A. , Kazakova Anna A. , Pokrovskiy Dmitry F. , Medvedev Igor B.
Published: July 2019

Bronchial asthma (BA) and obesity are one of the major modern problem, requiring the development of an effective therapeutic strategy. The frequent combination of these diseases in one patient indicates the general pathophysiological mechanisms and future study for targeted drug exposure are needed. The endocannabinoid system is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes and can be considered as a general mechanism and a potential therapeutic target in asthma and obesity, the receptors of the system are expressed in many central and peripheral tissues. This signal system modulates the functions of the autonomic nervous system, immune system and microcirculation, plays an important role in the regulation of energy balance, metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. The main research aimed at studying the functioning of this system was focused on neurology and psychiatry, while numerous scientific data demonstrate the importance of the participation of this system in the pathogenesis of other diseases. In particular, this system is involved in the mechanisms of obesity. The role of the endocannabinoid system in the pathogenesis of asthma is actively studied. The wide prevalence of the endocannabinoid signaling system and its regulatory role in the body opens up prospects for therapeutic effects in the treatment of asthma and obesity, as well as the possible phenotype of asthma, combined with obesity. The review is devoted to modern ideas about endocannabinoids, their receptors, mechanisms of action and their role in the pathophysiology of asthma and obesity. The therapeutic prospects and difficulties associated with the use of endocannabinoids and phytocannabinoids in medicine are discussed.
OptStream: Releasing Time Series Privately
Authors: Fioretto Ferdinando , Van Hentenryck Pascal
Published: July 2019

Many applications of machine learning and optimization operate on data streams. While these datasets are fundamental to fuel decision-making algorithms, often they contain sensitive information about individuals, and their usage poses significant privacy risks. Motivated by an application in energy systems, this paper presents OptStream, a novel algorithm for releasing differentially private data streams under the w-event model of privacy. OptStream is a 4-step procedure consisting of sampling, perturbation, reconstruction, and post-processing modules. First, the sampling module selects a small set of points to access in each period of interest. Then, the perturbation module adds noise to the sampled data points to guarantee privacy. Next, the reconstruction module re-assembles non-sampled data points from the perturbed sample points. Finally, the post-processing module uses convex optimization over the privacy-preserving output of the previous modules, as well as the privacy-preserving answers of additional queries on the data stream, to improve accuracy by redistributing the added noise. OptStream is evaluated on a test case involving the release of a real data stream from the largest European transmission operator. Experimental results show that OptStream may not only improve the accuracy of state-of-the-art methods by at least one order of magnitude but also supports accurate load forecasting on the privacy-preserving data.
Estudio de caso sobre la admisibilidad del aguacate Hass colombiano en el mercado estadounidense: oportunidades en el Este de Asia
Authors: Díaz Vasquez Juan Carlos , Ardila Lopez Carolina , Guerra Aranguren Maria Alexandra
Published: July 2019

El presente estudio de caso presenta, de manera sucinta, eventos, circunstancias y actores que participaron en la entrada oficial del aguacate Hass colombiano al mercado estadounidense. El caso expone las características del mercado global del aguacate Hass y los desafíos que Colombia enfrenta para cumplir con la normatividad norteamericana en cuanto a la admisibilidad e importación de frutas a su territorio, además de las oportunidades del mismo en los mercados del Este de Asia. Todas las fuentes examinadas, y el análisis académico conjuntamente realizado en las áreas de negocios internacionales y de comercio exterior, contribuyeron a la construcción del caso. La estructura del artículo responde a las características de escritura propias de los estudios de caso para análisis en clase.
Soft power y nueva diplomacia china en el siglo XXI con países del sur global: el caso latinoamericano
Authors: Portador García Dra. Teresa de Jesús , Solórzano Tello Dr. Octavio Alonso
Published: July 2019

La investigación analiza el proceso de posicionamiento de China a nivel regional y global, y los instrumentos que ha implementado para asumir el liderazgo internacional: el soft power y la nueva diplomacia cultural como parte del proceso de transformación de su política exterior. Esta política se expresa en diversos papeles que ha desempeñado, como conciliador en conflictos regionales, como miembro de instrumentos multilaterales a nivel global y regional al interior de Asia. Todo lo anterior, en el contexto de la retirada de Estados Unidos de la agenda global. Lo que implica que China, como potencia, ha buscado a través de diversos mecanismos tener acercamientos con economías industrializadas como la Unión Europea y con economías emergentes de América Latina. Por ello, en su proyecto de expansión comercial denominado la Nueva Ruta de la Seda, la Unión Europea y América Latina juegan un papel relevante.
Devorando el Hallyu: Desarrollo, hibridación y canibalismo latinoamericano
Authors: Arriojas Claudio , Valentina Réquiz Indira
Published: July 2019

El presente artículo desarrolla una breve historia de la ola cultural coreana o Hallyu, sus generaciones y fisonomía. De igual modo, se analiza el crecimiento de este fenómeno en Asia y en América Latina; a partir del paralelismo entre la asimilación de las tecnologías, modos de representación Occidental de la industria creativa coreana y el diseño de políticas públicas por parte del Estado coreano. Finalmente, se discute el carácter híbrido del Hallyu, el carácter totalizador de la etiqueta “cultura coreana” de este, así como la necesidad de abordar esta manifestación desde de un constructo cultural propio de América Latina; para ello, se utiliza la propuesta de antropofagia cultural.
Valores patriarcales clásicos y sus efectos en las trabajadoras japonesas
Authors: Villa Luisa Fernanda
Published: July 2019

Este artículo examina cómo los valores patriarcales afectan a las mujeres trabajadoras en la sociedad japonesa, específicamente a las mujeres en los negocios y en la política. Este documento se basa en los trabajos de autores anteriores que se centran en el papel de la mujer trabajadora en el Japón moderno para establecer el "punto final" de esta investigación. El presente documento también incluye el contexto histórico a partir del cual se originaron las normas patriarcales tradicionales. Además, examina el desarrollo y la influencia de estos valores en las siguientes etapas de la vida de las mujeres: el matrimonio, la maternidad y la participación en la fuerza laboral. Para concluir, este documento proporciona una idea de cómo el matrimonio y la maternidad a menudo actúan como elementos disuasivos y obstáculos para la participación de las mujeres en los negocios y la política.
Determinants of Health Behaviors and Obesity in Turkey
Authors: TANSEL Aysıt , KARAOĞLAN Deniz
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of health behaviors and obesity with an emphasis on education in Turkey. We use Health Survey of Turkish Statistical Institute for the years 2008, 2010 and 2012. The health behaviors considered are smoking, alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption, and exercise. We consider both the years of schooling and the different levels of education in order to better understand the association between education and health. We find that education is the most important factor associated with the health behaviors and obesity. Smoking is positively associated with education at all levels with a decreasing effect with the level of education unlike in the developed countries. Alcohol consumption is positively related with education and this association increases with the level of education. Higher educated individuals clearly eat more fruits, vegetables and exercise more and they are less likely to be obese compared to the less educated and the illiterate. We also highlight the importance of demographic factors, labor market status and household income in determining health behaviors and obesity.
Sosyal Ağların Finansal Okuryazarlık Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: ÇETİNER Müge , ÇİLİNGİRTÜRK Ahmet Mete
Published: July 2019

Finansal okuryazarlık, günlük hayatta sıklıkla karşılaşılan finansal araçlar ve karar verme sistemlerinin kullanımı ile kişilerin rasyonel seçimlerde bulunabilmesini olanaklı kılan bilgiyi göstermektedir. Rasyonel tüketici veya yatırımcı varsayımının en önemli parçası olan bilginin tam ve eşit dağılmış olması gerekmektedir. Ancak günümüz çalışmaları rasyonel olmayan davranışsal finans modellerine yoğunlaşmaktadır. Hanehalkının sürdürülebilir hanehalkı ekonomi yönetimi için finansal okuryazarlığın arttırılması önemlidir. Toplumun her kesimini etkisi altına alan internet tabanlı sosyal medya ve yazılım uygulamaları ile finansal okuryazarlığın arttırılması mümkündür. Bu çalışmanın bulgularına göre sosyal ağlar bu konuda eğitim vermek için uygun bir araçtır. Ancak bu eğitimin sonuçları, bireylerin finansal ve ekonomik tutumlarına bağlı olarak değişmektedir.
Türkiye’de Alkol Katılım ve Tüketim Kararları Üzerine Ampirik Bir Çalışma
Authors: İPEK Egemen
Published: July 2019

Bu çalışmada hanelerin alkol katılım ve tüketim karar yapıları ile bu kararları etkileyen sosyoekonomik faktörlerin kararlar üzerindeki etkileri Tobit ve çift eşik yöntemleri yardımıyla Hanehalkı Bütçe Anketi verileri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan model uyum iyiliği testleri sonucunda katılım ve tüketim kararlarının birbirinden bağımsız ve sıralı olarak alındığı görülmüştür. Hanehalkına ait demografik değişkenlerin alkol tüketim kararları üzerindeki etkilerine bakıldığında çocuk sahipliğinin katılım kararı üzerinde negatif, sigara tüketiminin ise alkolkatılım kararı üzerinde pozitif etkiye sahip olduğu tahmin edilmiştir. Ayrıca hanehalkı gelir seviyesi hem alkol katılım hem de tüketim kararları üzerinde pozitif etkiye sahiptir.
OECD Ülkelerinde Yükseköğretimde Etkinlik Değişimi: 2000-2012 Dönemi için Malmquist Toplam Faktör Verimlilik Endeksi Uygulaması
Authors: GÜRAN Mehmet Cahit , AYRANCI Emine
Published: July 2019

Bu çalışmanı amacı; 2000-2012 dönemine ilişkin 21 OECD ülkesine ait yükseköğretim sisteminin toplam faktör verimlilik değişimini Malmquist Toplam Faktör Verimlilik Endeksi aracılığıyla analiz etmektir. Ayrıca çalışmada ülkelerin teknik etkinlik, saf teknik etkinlik, ölçek etkinlik ve teknolojik değişim değerleri hesaplanarak toplam faktör verimlilik değişimlerinin kaynakları belirlenmektedir. Uygulama sonuçlarına göre; 21 OECD ülkesinin 2000-2012 dönemi ortalama değerlerine göre toplam faktör verimlilik değişim endeks değerlerinde en büyük artışı kaydeden ülkeler Avustralya, Amerika ve Norveç iken, en büyük azalış Yeni Zelanda, Çek Cumhuriyeti ve Türkiye’de görülmektedir. En büyük toplam faktör verimlilik azalışı 2008-2009 yılında, en büyük toplam faktör verimlilik artışı ise 2004-2005 döneminde gerçekleşmektedir.
OECD Ülkelerinde Sağlık Harcamalarının Kamu-Özel Bileşenleri Yakınsıyor Mu? Doğrusal Olmayan Panel Birim Kök Testi Bulguları
Authors: AKARSU Gülsüm , CAFRI Reyhan , BIDIRDI Hanife
Published: July 2019

Birçok ülke, ekonomik kaynaklarının giderek artan bir oranını, sağlık hizmetlerinin üretimine ve sunumuna ayırmaktadır. İktisat yazınına bakıldığında, sağlık harcamalarındaki yakınsama üzerine çalışmalar bulunmakla birlikte, bunların genellikle doğrusallık varsayımıyla hareket ettiği görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, 1979-2016 dönemi için Türkiye’nin de içinde bulunduğu 18 OECD ülkesinde kişi başına düşen kamu, özel ve toplam sağlık harcamalarında yakınsama hipotezinin geçerliliği, doğrusal olmayan panel birim kök testleriyle analiz edilmektedir. Analiz bulguları, sadece kişi başına düşen özel sağlık harcamaları için yakınsama olgusunun geçerli olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
Kurumsal Kalite ve Finansal Riskin Menkul Kıymetler Borsası Üzerine Etkisi: Türkiye İçin Ampirik Bir İnceleme
Authors: İLTAŞ Yüksel , ÜÇLER Gülbahar
Published: July 2019

Bu çalışmada, 1991:01-2014:12 dönemi için; Türkiye’de kurumsal kalite ve finansal risk düzeyinin BİST 100 Endeksi, BİST Sınai Endeksi ve BİST Mali Endeksi üzerindeki etkisi Carrioni-Silvestre vd. (2009) çoklu yapısal kırılmalı birim kök testi, Maki (2012) çoklu yapısal kırılmalı eş-bütünleşme testi ve dinamik en küçük kareler (DOLS) yöntemi ile araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada kurumsal yapıyı temsilen Uluslararası Ülke Risk Rehberi (ICRG) tarafından yayınlanan bürokratik kalite, yolsuzluk, demokratik hesap verilebilirlik, etnik gerginlik, dış çatışma, hükümet istikrarı, iç çatışma, politik risk, kanun ve düzen ile yatırım profili ölçütleri kullanılarak temel bileşenler analizi yöntemi ile kurumsal kalite endeksi oluşturulmuştur. Kurumsal kalite endeksinde yüksek değerler düşük kurumsal yapıyı, düşük değerler ise yüksek kurumsal yapıyı temsil etmektedir. Yüksek finansal risk rasyosu ise güçlü finansal yapıyı simgelemektedir. Analiz sonucunda, BİST Mali Endeksi hariç BİST 100 ve BİST Sınai Endeksleri ile açıklayıcı değişkenlerin uzun dönemde birlikte hareket ettiğini bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. DOLS modellerinin uzun dönem katsayı tahmin sonuçları ise kurumsal kalite endeksi ile BIST 100 ve BIST Sınai Endeksleri arasında uzun dönemde negatif ve %99 önem düzeyinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişkilerin varlığını ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışmanın bir diğer önemli bulgusu ise finansal risk düzeyinin BİST 100 Endeksi ve BİST Sınai Endeksi üzerindeki pozitif yönlü etkisidir.
Neoliberal Politikaların Türkiye’de Kadın İstihdamına Etkisi
Authors: GÜDEK-GÖLÇEK Şeyda
Published: July 2019

1970’li yıllardan itibaren neoliberalizmin küresel ölçekte yayılması ile birlikte, kalkınmakta olan Türkiye gibi pek çok ülke ihracata dayalı büyüme modelini benimsemiştir. Neoliberal politikalar ile üretim süreçlerinde meydana gelen değişimler ve devletin emek yanlısı denetimlerinin azalması istihdam biçimlerini ve alanlarını daha esnek ve enformel bir niteliğe dönüştürerek, emek piyasalarına doğrudan etki etmiştir. Ancak özelde, toplumsal cinsiyetçi ideolojileri ve pratikleri içeren patriyarka nedeni ile kadın emeği daha olumsuz etkilenmiştir. Bu büyüme modelini benimseyen çoğu yerde, kadın emeği üretimin başlıca lokomotifi olurken bu ülkeler ile yakın tarihlerde aynı büyüme modelini benimseyen ve benzer patriyarkal koşullara sahip olan Türkiye’de kadın istihdamında benzer bir artış yaşanmamıştır. Bu nedenle çalışmada, neoliberal politikaların Türkiye’de uygulanmasının kadın istihdamına etkisinin anlaşılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu noktada istihdam verileri için TÜİK hane halkı araştırmalarından ve konuya ilişkin yapılan alan çalışmalarından yararlanılmıştır. Sonuçta, Türkiye’nin özgül ekonomik koşullarının, özel ve kamusal patriyarkanın etkisi nedeni ile kadın istihdamının niceliği artmazken, niteliğinin küresel trend ile uyumlu bir biçimde kötüleştiği görülmüştür.
An Investigation of the Palma Ratio for Turkey Both on National and Regional Level
Authors: TAHSİN Emine
Published: July 2019

This paper aims to focus on concentration of income inequality in case of Turkey, based on the Palma ratio that is calculated as the ratio of the share of the top 10 percent income to the bottom 40 percent income. In this regard for the post-2001 period, the income shares of the deciles in Turkey both on national and regional (NUTS-1) level would be analyzed. It would be predicted that, this would provide more specific evidences about the dimensions of the hidden inequality. Within this context based on the descriptive statistics and income inequality decomposition analysis, robustness of the Palma ratio would be evaluated. While overlapping trend between the Palma ratio and the Gini coefficient is found to be significant both on national and regional level, the top10 percent income group represents the most distinctive feature in determining concentration of income inequality between and within the regions of Turkey.
Preparation of JF dye for retro-orbital injection in mice v1
Authors: Mohar Boaz
Published: July 2019

How to prepare JF dyes for retro orbital injection.
Retro-orbital injection of virus or dye in mice v1
Authors: Mohar Boaz
Published: July 2019

This protocol is following:
Progeny test for generating single copy homozygous transgenic lines in Arabidopsis thaliana. v1
Authors: Wijerathna Yapa Akila
Published: July 2019

The regenerated transgenic plants (T0) seeds were sown onto Murashige and Skoog Agar (MSA) plates containing 100µg/ml Carbenicillin antimicrobial agent, BASTA herbicide (15 μg/ml) and allowed to grow. Transgenic lines were selected by BASTA resistant (+). The genotype of T1 plants will be mixtures of homozygous (+/+), hemizygous (+/0) and homozygous (-/-). BASTA resistant T1 seedlings were allowed to grow and T2 seeds were harvested. Then those seeds were grown on MS containing BASTA (15 μg/ml) and of them, the ratio of BASTA resistant (+/+), (+/-) and susceptible (-/-) phenotype classes are 3:1. Subsequently, T2- single copy transgenic seeds of above lines and previously created T2 – single copy transgenic line seeds were grown on MS contained BASTA (15 μg/ml). Within the survived plants, ratio of genotype (+/+) and (+/-) are 1:2. Those survived T2 seedling were allowed to grow and T3 seeds were harvested from individual plats by avoiding seed cross-contamination between plants. Furthermore, BASTA selection was performed for those T3 seeds and plates that observed all survived seedlings selected as homozygous (+/+) transgenic lines.
Freezing a strain of C. elegans for long-term storage v2
Authors: Riccio Cristian
Published: July 2019

Freezing down a strain of C. elegans for long-term storage. The larval stage is the best at surviving freezing. It does not make sense to freeze down post-reproductive stages as they will not give rise to new worms after defrosting.
Creating a more isogenic strain of worms starting from parental strain v2
Authors: Riccio Cristian
Published: July 2019

This protocol describes how to create a more isogenic strain starting from a parental strain.
Heart rate variabilit y during epileptic seizures as a factor in the development of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (literat ure review)
Authors: Monakhova A. V. , Yakshina A. Yu. , Belousova E. D.
Published: July 2019

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the most common cause of death in patients with epilepsy and occurs at least 20 times more often in patients with fore mentioned condition compared with healthy people. During epileptic seizures, a significant proportion of patients develop heart rate variability and respiratory depression. It is assumed that these cardiorespiratory complications are the most probable risk factor for the development of SUDEP. Asystole and ventricular fibrillation, developing immediately after the seizure, are the most significant arrhythmias in the pathophysiology of SUDEP. Discoordination of the autonomic nervous system activity in connection with the involvement of autonomous control centers in epileptic activity leads to the emerging cardiopulmonary pathology. In patients with long-term resistant epilepsy, chronic dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system is formed and, as a consequence, a greater predisposition to the disturbances of heart rhythm. A detailed study of cardiac disorders during epileptic seizures will provide the key for understanding the risks of developing SUDEP and developing some approaches to its prevention.
Glucose transporter deficienc y syndrome type 1: a case report
Authors: Kulish E. A. , Kotov A. S. , Mukhina E. V. , Kotalevskaya Y. Y. , Svetlichnaya D. V. , Panteleeva M. V.
Published: July 2019

The authors present a unique clinical observation of the case of a hereditary deficiency of a type 1 glucose transporter, also called de Vivo disease. The type 1 glucose transporter deficiency syndrome (OMIM: 606777, ORPHA: 71277) is an extremely rare genetic disease associated with mutations in the SCL2A gene encoding the transfer of glucose across the blood-brain barrier. The clinical case, given in the article, replenishes the piggy bank of genetically verified glucose transport disruption syndromes leading to the development of polymorphic neurological disorders. The syndrome is most often inherited by an autosomal dominant pathway, but rare cases of autosomal recessive transmission are known. About 500 clinical cases of the present syndrome are described, although, according to various authors, the number of clinically verified cases not confirmed by genetic verification is much higher. In addition to the given data of the clinical course of the disease, detailed results of the genetic interpretation of the hereditary syndrome are given, the modern method of pathogenetic therapy is considered – the ketogenic diet.
Diffic ulties of diagnostics of epilepsy due to mol ybdenum cofactor deficienc y: a case report
Authors: Malov A. G. , Karakulova Yu. V. , Severino M. , Kravtsov Yu. I.
Published: July 2019

The article presents a clinical study of an infant with rare inherited metabolism disorder – molybdenum cofactor deficiency, for the first time in Russian literature. The onset of disorder – in early neonatal period with a suppression syndrome and myoclonic seizures combined with a burstsuppression electroencephalographic patterns, followed by a reveal of psychomotor delay. Сraniofacial dystrophies were present, including craniostenosis and microcephaly. Somatic status was characterized by hepatolienomegaly, dysmetabolic changes of kidneys’ parenchyma (suggested by ultrasound) and crystalluria. Neuroimaging data were contradictory. Neurosonography results allowed diagnosing concomitant inborn brain development defect: true porencephalia of large hemispheres. However, brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a picture of diffuse leukomalacia with pseudocyst formation, which were considered a consequence of perinatal brain damage. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a picture of diffuse leukomalacia with pseudocyst formation, which were considered a consequence of perinatal brain damage. Differential diagnosis was held between the early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (Ohtahara syndrome) and early myoclonic encephalopathy (Aicardi syndrome). However, etiology of the disease remained unclear. To eliminate inherited metabolic disease accompanied by epilepsy, Inherited Epilepsy Panel DNA sequencing was used. The results showed a homozygotic mutation on the exon 6 of MOCS2 gene, leading to deletion of amino acid in position 158 of the protein, which was described before in patients with molybdenum cofactor deficiency (OMIM: 252160).
A rare case of Cohen syndrome and early infantile epileptic encephalopath y (type 52) in two-year-old girl
Authors: Olshanskaya A. S. , Dyuzhakova A. V. , Shnayder N. A. , Dmitrenko D. V.
Published: July 2019

The authors presented short review of Russian and foreign literature and clinical case of the girl with a rare monogenic disease Cohen syndrome and early infantile epileptic encephalopathy. Problems of differential diagnosis of Cohen syndrome with other neuro-oculocutaneous diseases are analyzed.
Pitt–Hopkins syndrome with electrical stat us epileptic us in slo w-wave sleep: a case report
Authors: Lyukshina N. G.
Published: July 2019

Pitt–Hoppkins syndrome is rare genetic disorder caused by a molecular variant of TCF4 which is involved in embryologic neuronal differentiation. The syndrome is characterized by specific facial dysmorphism, phychomotor delay, autistic behavior and intellectual disability. Other associated features include ealy-onset myopia, seizures, constipation and hyperventilation-apneic spells. We introduced a clinical case of the patient with molecularly confirmed TCF4 variant and previously undescribed combination with syndrome of the electrical status epilepticus during sleep.
The development of the expressive speech after surgery in Broca ’s area in two-year-old child: А case report
Authors: Moiseeva S. L. , Hartlieb T. , Winkler P. , Kudernatsch M. , Staudt M.
Published: July 2019

The case history of a two-year-old child with meningo-angiomotosis of the left frontal lobe is described in this article. The special features of the clinical manifestations were two episodes of nonconvulsive status epilepticus and absence of seizures between these episodes. The diagnosis was suspected at the age of 14 months after magnetic resonance imaging investigation. The presurgical investigation/diagnostics before the neurosurgery and the neurosurgery were performed in the Department for Children’s Neurology of Schoen Klinik Vogtareuth (Germany). The results of electroencephalographic video monitoring over 7 days showed derangements in the left fronto-central and temporo-parietal regions. The repeated magnetic resonance imaging showed no progression of tumor growth. At the age of 2 years and 4 months the girl had been operated. A subtotal lobectomy was carried out. The patient showed a positive trend of speech development after the operation. The question of a lateralization of speech center after surgery in Broca’s area is debated in this article.
Benign infantile seizures associated with mild gastroenteritis : clinical and electroencephalographic characteristics
Authors: Nogovitsyn V. Yu. , Bobylova Yu.
Published: July 2019

Benign infantile seizures associated with mild gastroenteritis are a special type of situationally determined seizures in infants. Usually, clinical manifestations are observed between 4 month and 3 years of age, most commonly during the second year of life. Vomiting and diarrhea are the key symptoms, although their severity may vary. Other typical signs include multiple serial seizures (focal, secondarily generalized) over several days accompanying enteric infection (caused by rotavirus, norovirus, rarely sapoviruses, adenovirus, or Coxsackie virus), no changes in the interictal electroencephalogram, and favorable prognosis. Differential diagnosis should include neuroinfections, fluid and electrolyte disorders, epilepsy, and febrile seizures. Examination should include analysis of blood and cerebrospinal fluid and electroencephalography. The majority of patients have normal interictal electroencephalogram. The authors present own observations.
Efficienc y of vag us nerve stim ulation in epilepsy (literat ure review and case report )
Authors: Pylaeva O. A. , Chadaev V. A. , Bobylova M. Yu. , Mukhin K. Yu.
Published: July 2019

Despite significant advances in epileptology, approximately one-third of patients suffer from drug-resistant epilepsy. Numerous approaches are currently available to treat epilepsy; however, there are still many patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy, in whom antiepileptic drugs are ineffective and surgical treatment is impossible. Thus, searching for new effective antiepileptic drugs and alternative treatments (such as vagus nerve stimulation) for these patients remains highly relevant. This literature review covers the indications for and the efficacy and tolerability of vagus nerve stimulation in patients with epilepsy. We also report a case of successful treatment of a patient with drug-resistant epilepsy using this method.
Clinical and genetic aspects of differential diagnostics of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer
Authors: Semyanikhina A. V. , Rasulov A. O. , Lyubchenko L. N.
Published: July 2019

Lynch syndrome was synonymous with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer for a long time, however, mapping of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes has led to distinguish Lynch syndrome as an independent syndromic unit from a number of Lynch-like syndromes that phenotypically mimic with the most frequent hereditary variant of colon cancer but genetically representing quite a heterogeneous group. This article presents up to date clinical and genetic characteristics of Lynch syndrome and Lynch-like conditions.