bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gingival thickness threshold and probe visibility through soft tissue: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kloukos Dimitrios , Kalimeri Eleni , Koukos George , Stähli Alexandra , Sculean Anton , Katsaros Christos
Published: May 2022

Objectives

The aim was to retrieve the threshold of gingival thickness (GT), where the attribute of gingival translucency through probe visibility was altered.

Methods

In 200 patients, the soft tissue thickness was evaluated at both central mandibular incisors using ultrasound quantification (USD). Additionally, probe visibility was determined using a standard periodontal probe (PB) (CPU 15 UNC, Hu-Friedy), inserted 1 mm deep into the gingival sulcus. Frequencies and relative frequencies were calculated. Repeatability analyses and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were conducted to determine the USD cut-off point for probe visibility.

Results

Regression model indicated that the probe was not visible at a thickness of 0.82 mm for the mandibular left central incisor (95% CIs 0.77, 0.86) and became visible at a thickness of 0.69 mm (95% CIs 0.65, 0.72). The respective values for the mandibular right central incisor were 0.82 mm (95% CIs 0.77, 0.87) and 0.70 mm (0.68, 0.74). ROC analysis confirmed the retrieved regression results by indicating the best fitting balance for specificity and sensitivity at a thickness of 0.8 mm for both mandibular incisors.

Conclusions

In the frame of the current study, the data revealed that gingiva becomes non-transparent at a thickness of approximately 0.8 mm.

Clinical relevance

Probe visibility at mandibular incisors for the discrimination between thin and thick soft tissues was correlated with a gingival thickness of 0.8 mm and a high repeatability.
Patient-reported adherence to physical exercises of patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Ma Sai , Zhang Liang , Man Siliang , Bian Tao , Li Hongchao , Li Weiyi , Ma Zhuyi , He Da
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Studies on adherence to exercise therapy of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are rare, and the criteria for adherence to exercise are inconsistent. This study aimed to quantify patient-reported adherence to exercise therapy of Chinese outpatients with AS and investigate the factors related to poor adherence.

Methods

The subjects’ sociodemographic, disease-related, radiographic, and laboratory parameters were collected. Patients’ adherence to exercise therapy was assessed using the Exercise Attitude Questionnaire (EAQ) with a 4-point Likert scale. All cases were grouped as good adherence and poor adherence using a cutoff score of 60, according to a previous study. Univariate analysis was conducted to assess the intergroup differences. Then, we built a multivariate logistic regression model to identify possible significant factors related to poor adherence to exercise therapy.

Results

A total of 185 outpatients completed the questionnaire. The mean EAQ score was 49.4 (IQR, 40.7–59.3) and 146 patients (78.9%) were considered to have poor adherence, and 39 patients (21.1%) were considered to have good adherence. The rates of current nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs), and tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor (TNF-i) use were significantly higher in the poor adherence group (p=0.001, p=0.027, p=0.018, respectively). Our multivariate logistic regression model revealed that the only significant associated factor was current use of NSAIDs (OR=3.517; p=0.016; 95% CI, 1.259–9.827).

Conclusions

Outpatients with AS had an unacceptable level of adherence to exercise therapy, and current use of NSAIDs was a significantly associated factor.

Key Points• Outpatients with AS had an unacceptable level of adherence to exercise therapy.• Current use of NSAIDs exerted a negative impact on patients’ adherence to exercise therapy.
Timing and outcome of bystanders treatment in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with multiple aneurysms
Authors: Sturiale Carmelo Lucio , Auricchio Anna Maria , Stifano Vito , Maugeri Rosario , Albanese Alessio
Published: May 2022

In case of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) associated with multiple intracranial aneurysms (MIAs), the main goal of acute treatment is securing the source of bleeding (index aneurysm). Indications and timing of bystanders treatment are instead still debated as the risk of new SAHs in patients harboring MIAs is not yet established. However, even if technically feasible, a simultaneous management of all aneurysms remains questionable, especially for safety issues. We retrospectively reviewed our last 5-year experience with SAH patients harboring MIAs entered in a clinic-radiological monitoring for bystanders follow-up in order to evaluate the occurrence of morphological changes, bleeding events, and safety and efficacy of a delayed treatment. We included 39 patients with mean age of 59.5 ± 12.2 years who survived a SAH. Among them, 14 underwent treatment, whereas 25 continued follow-up. The mean time between index and bystanders treatment was 14.3 ± 19.2 months. Patients undergoing bystanders treatment were mainly female and in general younger than patients undergoing observation. No cases of growth or bleeding were observed among bystanders within the two groups during the follow-up, which was longer than 1 year for the intervention group, and almost 40 months for the observation group. No major complications and mRS modifications were observed after bystanders treatment. Our data seem to suggest that within the short follow-up, intervention and observation seem to be likewise safe for bystander aneurysms, showing at the same time that a delayed management presents a similar risk profile of treating unruptured aneurysms in patients with no previous history of SAH.
Can the enemy release hypothesis explain the success of Rumex (Polygonaceae) species in an introduced range?
Authors: Costan Cristian-Andrei , Godsoe William K. , Bufford Jennifer L. , Marris John W. M. , Hulme Philip E.
Published: May 2022

The enemy release hypothesis states that introduced plants have a competitive advantage due to their release from co-evolved natural enemies (i.e., herbivores and pathogens), which allows them to spread rapidly in new environments. This hypothesis has received mixed support to date, but previous studies have rarely examined the herbivore community, plant damage, and performance simultaneously and largely ignored below-ground herbivores. We tested for enemy release by conducting large scale field surveys of insect diversity and abundance in both the native (United Kingdom) and introduced (New Zealand) ranges of three dock (Rumex, Polygonaceae) species:R. conglomeratusMurray (clustered dock),R.crispusL. (curly dock) andR. obtusifoliusL. (broad-leaved dock). We captured both above- and below-ground insect herbivores, measured herbivore damage, and plant biomass as an indicator for performance. In the introduced range,Rumexplants had a lower diversity of insect herbivores, all insect specialists present in the native range were absent and plants had lower levels of herbivore damage on both roots and leaves. Despite this, onlyR. crispushad greater fresh weight in the introduced range compared to the native range. This suggests that enemy release, particularly from below-ground herbivores, could be a driver for the success ofR. crispusplants in New Zealand, but not forR. conglomeratusandR. obtusifolius.
Global biomass supply modeling for long-run management of the climate system
Authors: Rose Steven K. , Popp Alexander , Fujimori Shinichiro , Havlik Petr , Weyant John , Wise Marshall , van Vuuren Detlef , Brunelle Thierry , Cui Ryna Yiyun , Daioglou Vassilis , Frank Stefan , Hasegawa Tomoko , Humpenöder Florian , Kato Etsushi , Sands Ronald D. , Sano Fuminori , Tsutsui Junichi , Doelman Jonathan , Muratori Matteo , Prudhomme Rémi , Wada Kenichi , Yamamoto Hiromi
Published: May 2022

Bioenergy is projected to have a prominent, valuable, and maybe essential, role in climate management. However, there is significant variation in projected bioenergy deployment results, as well as concerns about the potential environmental and social implications of supplying biomass. Bioenergy deployment projections are market equilibrium solutions from integrated modeling, yet little is known about the underlying modeling of the supply of biomass as a feedstock for energy use in these modeling frameworks. We undertake a novel diagnostic analysis with ten global models to elucidate, compare, and assess how biomass is supplied within the models used to inform long-run climate management. With experiments that isolate and reveal biomass supply modeling behavior and characteristics (costs, emissions, land use, market effects), we learn about biomass supply tendencies and differences. The insights provide a new level of modeling transparency and understanding of estimated global biomass supplies that informs evaluation of the potential for bioenergy in managing the climate and interpretation of integrated modeling. For each model, we characterize the potential distributions of global biomass supply across regions and feedstock types for increasing levels of quantity supplied, as well as some of the potential societal externalities of supplying biomass. We also evaluate the biomass supply implications of managing these externalities. Finally, we interpret biomass market results from integrated modeling in terms of our new understanding of biomass supply. Overall, we find little consensus between models on where biomass could be cost-effectively produced and the implications. We also reveal model specific biomass supply narratives, with results providing new insights into integrated modeling bioenergy outcomes and differences. The analysis finds that many integrated models are considering and managing emissions and land use externalities of supplying biomass and estimating that environmental and societal trade-offs in the form of land emissions, land conversion, and higher agricultural prices are cost-effective, and to some degree a reality of using biomass, to address climate change.
Auctions: A New Method for Selling Objects with Bimodal Density Functions
Authors: Castro Javier , Espínola Rosa , Gutiérrez Inmaculada , Gómez Daniel
Published: May 2022

In this paper we define a new auction, called the Draw auction. It is based on the implementation of a draw when a minimum price of sale is not reached. We find that a Bayesian Nash equilibrium is reached in the Draw auction when each player bids his true personal valuation of the object. Furthermore, we show that the expected profit for the seller in the Draw auction is greater than in second-price auctions, with or without minimum price of sale. We make this affirmation for objects whose valuation can be modeled as a bimodal density function in which the first mode is much greater than the second one. Regarding the Myerson auction, we show that the expected profit for the seller in the Draw auction is nearly as good as the expected profit in the optimal auction, with the difference that our method is much more simple to implement than Myerson’s one. All these results are shown by computational tests, for whose development we have defined an algorithm to calculate Myerson auction.
Driving factors of e-waste recycling rate in 30 European countries: new evidence using a panel quantile regression of the EKC hypothesis coupled with the STIRPAT model
Authors: Boubellouta Bilal , Kusch-Brandt Sigrid
Published: May 2022

Recycling of e-waste (waste electrical and electronic equipment) represents an important abatement of pressure on the environment, but recycling rates are still low. This study builds on common environmental economics approaches to identify the main driving forces of the e-waste recycling rate. The environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis was applied in the context of the STIRPAT (stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence and technology) model to analyze data from 30 European countries over the period 2008–2018. Panel quantile regression was conducted to determine the relationship between e-waste recycling rate and economic growth, population, population density, energy intensity, energy efficiency, credit to private sector and e-waste collected. Strong evidence was found that the relationship between economic growth and e-waste recycling rate is an N-shaped curve, i.e., the e-waste recycling rate first increases with economic growth, then decreases in maturing economies and in mature economies starts increasing again as the economy continues to grow. In addition to the economic development stage of a country, e-waste collection was identified as an important determinant of the e-waste recycling rate, regardless of whether the already achieved recycling rate was low, medium or high. In all models, a rise of the collected e-waste quantity was linked to an increase in the recycling rate. Therefore, expanding e-waste collection represents a priority task for policy makers to achieve high e-waste recycling rates. Population, energy intensity and credit to private sector also had an impact and in tendency displayed a negative effect on the e-waste recycling rate; however, the impact of these variables was more relevant for countries with particularly low e-waste recycling rates.
Effect of crop rotation and straw application in combination with mineral nitrogen fertilization on soil carbon sequestration in the Thyrow long-term experiment Thy_D5
Authors: Kroschewski Bärbel , Richter Christel , Baumecker Michael , Kautz Timo
Published: May 2022

Aims

The aim of study was to quantify the temporal change of soil organic carbon content in relation to agricultural management for a dry sandy arable soil and to derive the C sequestration potential.

Methods

We analyzed data from a long-term field experiment with three crop rotations of different cereal proportions, with two levels of straw application (removal/return) in combination with four mineral nitrogen rates (40 … 160 kg ha-1 yr-1). Treatments are arranged in a two-factorial block design with two replicates for each rotation. During the 24-year study period, grain and straw yield of two cereal test crops and soil organic carbon content in topsoil were determined annually from each plot.

Results

Soil organic carbon content was positively influenced by removing non-cereal crops from the rotation and – to a smaller extent – by straw application. Increasing mineral N-fertilization from 40 kg ha-1 yr-1 to higher rates increased grain yield of rye but not barley, increased straw yield of both cereals more, with no effect of higher straw yields on soil organic carbon content.

Conclusions

Despite the overall soil organic carbon content of the sandy soil under study is comparatively low, the results indicate that agricultural management has a relevant impact on soil carbon stocks. Straw return contributes to carbon sequestration even in rotations with a low potential for reproduction of organic matter. High mineral N-fertilization is not an adequate measure to sequester carbon in these soils.
100 years of Volkshochschule in Germany – 50 years of DVV International: Signposts for local and global comparative perspectives on adult learning and education
Authors: Hinzen Heribert , Meilhammer Elisabeth
Published: May 2022

In 2019, German folk high schools – Volkshochschulen (vhs) – celebrated the centenary of their inclusion in the Constitution of the Weimar Republic in 1919, an era when they founded local centres in many parts of the country. Ever since, they have played an important part in the adult learning and education (ALE) sub-sector of the German education system, meanwhile reaching a participation level of almost 9 million learners per year. Under the umbrella of its national association Deutscher Volkshochschul-Verband (DVV), founded in 1953, the vhs offers courses in a variety of subjects and different forms through roughly 900 adult learning centres and almost 3,000 local branches. In 1969, DVV expanded its operations with the establishment of its own institute for international cooperation. DVV International, whose 50th anniversary coincided with the vhs centenary, has institutionalised the diversity and ever-growing scale of cross-border and global cooperation activities of the national association. Marking both anniversaries generated a kind of collective cultural memory which located the vhs in the institutional foundations of a democratic society, and paved the way to advance policy dialogue. At the same time, these anniversaries also fed into a marketing strategy to mobilise higher levels of support and participation. DVV International used the example of the evolution of the vhs system to demonstrate the importance of interventions for better policy, legislation and financing at local, national, regional and global levels. Activities throughout the anniversary year included high-level events, conferences and workshops, publications and studies. Based on these activities and outputs, the authors consider and compare commonalities and differences of ALE milestones in other countries and regions of the world, and their potential for learning from the past for the future.
Camera fusion for real-time temperature monitoring of neonates using deep learning
Authors: Lyra Simon , Rixen Jöran , Heimann Konrad , Karthik Srinivasa , Joseph Jayaraj , Jayaraman Kumutha , Orlikowsky Thorsten , Sivaprakasam Mohanasankar , Leonhardt Steffen , Hoog Antink Christoph
Published: May 2022

The continuous monitoring of vital signs is a crucial aspect of medical care in neonatal intensive care units. Since cable-based sensors pose a potential risk for the immature skin of preterm infants, unobtrusive monitoring techniques using camera systems are increasingly investigated. The combination of deep learning–based algorithms and camera modalities such as RGB and infrared thermography can improve the development of cable-free methods for the extraction of vital parameters. In this study, a real-time approach for local extraction of temperatures on the body surface of neonates using a multi-modal clinical dataset was implemented. Therefore, a trained deep learning–based keypoint detector was used for body landmark prediction in RGB. Image registration was conducted to transfer the RGB points to the corresponding thermographic recordings. These landmarks were used to extract the body surface temperature in various regions to determine the central-peripheral temperature difference. A validation of the keypoint detector showed a mean average precision of 0.82. The registration resulted in mean absolute errors of 16.4 px (8.2 mm) forxand 22.4 px (11.2 mm) fory. The evaluation of the temperature extraction revealed a mean absolute error of 0.55 $$^{\circ }$$∘C. A final performance of 31 fps was observed on the NVIDIA Jetson Xavier NX module, which proves real-time capability on an embedded GPU system. As a result, the approach can perform real-time temperature extraction on a low-cost GPU module.

Graphical abstract
Progress in the study of the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary sections in the Berchogur Depression (Mugodzhary Mountains, western Kazakhstan)
Authors: Nikolaeva Svetlana V. , Kulagina Elena I. , Mustapayeva Sezim N. , Alekseev Alexander S. , Gatovsky Yury A. , Denayer Julien , Ohar Viktor , Kurilenko Alena V. , Zhaimina Valentina Ja. , Mychko Eduard V.
Published: May 2022

The Devonian–Carboniferous boundary beds in the Berchogur (Birshogyr) sections in the Mugodzhary (Mugalzhary) Mountains in western Kazakhstan, known to contain various fossil groups, including ammonoids, conodonts, foraminifers, corals, crinoids, and trilobites, are re-examined. The siliciclastic-carbonate succession of the Zhangana Formation reveals the presence of several ammonoid, conodont, and foraminiferal zones. The succession contains the Acutimitoceras ammonoid Genozone, equivalent to the level of the Stockum ammonoid fauna of Germany, with the conodont Siphonodella sulcata appearing within the Genozone. The same beds show mass occurrences of the foraminifer Tournayellina pseudobeata. The study of the Berchogur sections began in the 1980s; these sections are among very few successions globally with ammonoids of the Acutimitoceras Genozone in association with conodonts and foraminifers. At that time, several outcrops in a small area in the upper reaches of Burtybai (Zhangansai) Creek and two boreholes drilled near the sections were studied, and new taxa of ammonoids, foraminifers, ostracods, conodonts, algae, and spores were described. New excavations in 2018–2020, in conjunction with a search for a new definition of the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary, provided abundant new information on these taxa, on the lithology, and on crinoids, trilobites, and corals. The exact position of marker fossils and lithological changes are documented in several sections along Burtybai Creek allowing an amended correlation with sections of the D–C boundary beds in Western Europe.
Impacts of Covid-19 interventions on air quality: evidence from Brazilian metropolitan regions
Authors: Silva F. C. , Silva D. H. , Zamprogna K. M. , Souza S. S. , Sell D. , Sabatini-Marques J. , Yigitcanlar T.
Published: May 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has negatively disrupted the way our economy and society functions. Nonetheless, there have also been some positive externalities of the pandemic on the environment. This paper aims to evaluate the concentration of nitrogen dioxide in Brazilian metropolitan regions after the policies adopted to confront Covid-19. In terms of methodological approach, the study employs cross-sectional quantitative analyses to compare the period of 36 days, i.e., 12 March to 16 April—before (in 2019) and after (in 2020) the pandemic declaration. The data were obtained from the Sentinel 5-P low-Earth polar satellite concerning Brazilian metropolitan regions (n = 24). Thorough spatial and statistical analyses were undertaken to identify the pre- and during pandemic nitrogen dioxide concentrations. Complementarily, Spearman’s correlation test was performed with variables that impact air quality. The study results a fall in nitrogen dioxide concentration levels in 21 of the 24 metropolitan regions which was observed. The Spearman’s correlation coefficient between the nitrogen dioxide variation and the vehicle density was 0.485, at a significance level of 0.05. With these findings in mind, the paper advocates that while the pandemic has a significant negative consequence on the health of population globally, a series of measures that result in a new social organization directly interfere in the reduction of air pollution that contributes to the quality of the air we breathe.
Eine Körperausstreichung beeinflusst das Pusher-Syndrom bei Schlaganfallbetroffenen
Authors: Schmidt-Maciejewski Bianca
Published: May 2022

Hintergrund

Etwa jeder zehnte Schlaganfallbetroffene zeigt ein Pusher-Syndrom. Dies beeinträchtigt die Vertikalitätswahrnehmung der Betroffenen, was mit einer permanenten Angst zu fallen einhergeht. Reflektorisch drücken sich die Betroffenen auf ihre gelähmte Körperseite. Korrekturversuche von außen rufen starken Widerstand hervor. Es resultiert eine reelle körperliche Instabilität. Pflegerisch-therapeutische Bewegungsangebote werden erschwert, was den Rehabilitationsverlauf verlängert und das Outcome reduziert. Bisher fehlen multiprofessionell anwendbare Interventionen, welche die Pusher-Symptomatik nachhaltig reduzieren.

Ziel

Die hier vorgestellte Studie überprüft, ob die neurophysiologische Körperausstreichung die posturale Vertikale von Betroffenen des Pusher-Syndroms beeinflussen kann.

Methode

Bei n = 11 vom Pusher-Syndrom Betroffenen wird an 10 aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen eine neurophysiologische Körperausstreichung durchgeführt. Zuvor finden ein Screening mittels Scale of Contraversive Pushing (SCP) sowie eine Winkelvermessung der Unterschenkelabweichung in Bezug zur Rumpfmittellinie der Betroffenen statt. Die Messung wird täglich an 3 Zeitpunkten nach der Ausstreichung (direkt postinterventionell, +10 min und +60 min) wiederholt. Das Scale-of-Contraversive-Pushing-Screening wird ausschließlich präinterventionell sowie am letzten Interventionstag durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse

Der Wilcoxon-Test (z = −2,943; p = 0,001) und der Friedman-Test (Chi2 (10) ≥ 36,45; p = 0,001) bestätigen der Intervention eine signifikante Reduktion der Pusher-Symptomatik.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Körperausstreichung reduziert deutlich die Pusher-Symptomatik. Die Ergebnisse sollten jedoch in einer randomisierten kontrollierten Studie überprüft werden.
Mathematical models of leukaemia and its treatment: a review
Authors: Chulián S. , Martínez-Rubio Á. , Rosa M. , Pérez-García V. M.
Published: May 2022

Leukaemia accounts for around 3% of all cancer types diagnosed in adults, and is the most common type of cancer in children of paediatric age (typically ranging from 0 to 14 years). There is increasing interest in the use of mathematical models in oncology to draw inferences and make predictions, providing a complementary picture to experimental biomedical models. In this paper we recapitulate the state of the art of mathematical modelling of leukaemia growth dynamics, in time and response to treatment. We intend to describe the mathematical methodologies, the biological aspects taken into account in the modelling, and the conclusions of each study. This review is intended to provide researchers in the field with solid background material, in order to achieve further breakthroughs in the promising field of mathematical biology.
A systematic review of homomorphic encryption and its contributions in healthcare industry
Authors: Munjal Kundan , Bhatia Rekha
Published: May 2022

Cloud computing and cloud storage have contributed to a big shift in data processing and its use. Availability and accessibility of resources with the reduction of substantial work is one of the main reasons for the cloud revolution. With this cloud computing revolution, outsourcing applications are in great demand. The client uses the service by uploading their data to the cloud and finally gets the result by processing it. It benefits users greatly, but it also exposes sensitive data to third-party service providers. In the healthcare industry, patient health records are digital records of a patient’s medical history kept by hospitals or health care providers. Patient health records are stored in data centers for storage and processing. Before doing computations on data, traditional encryption techniques decrypt the data in their original form. As a result, sensitive medical information is lost. Homomorphic encryption can protect sensitive information by allowing data to be processed in an encrypted form such that only encrypted data is accessible to service providers. In this paper, an attempt is made to present a systematic review of homomorphic cryptosystems with its categorization and evolution over time. In addition, this paper also includes a review of homomorphic cryptosystem contributions in healthcare.
Pure Metal Clusters with Atomic Precision for Nanomanufacturing
Authors: Wu Haiming , Zhang Hanyu , Geng Lijun , Jia Yuhan , Huang Benben , Yang Mengzhou , Yin Baoqi , Lei Xin , Luo Zhixun
Published: May 2022

Advances in cluster science have enabled the preparation of atomically precise metal clusters with one to a hundred atoms under controllable expansion conditions. After introducing typical gas-phase cluster preparation and reaction apparatuses, this work summarized recent progress in preparing pure metal clusters of single-atom resolution, including neutral and ionic ones, with typical examples of Al, V, Nb, Fe, Co, Ni, Rh, Pt, Ag, Cu, and Pb. With the development of soft-landing deposition technology, the size-selective pure metal clusters with strict atomic precision and predictive property will benefit nanomanufacturing down to atomic and near-atomic scales. This work serves as a modest motivation to stimulate the interest of scientists focusing on interdisciplinary subjects.
Trajectory of patients consulting the emergency department for high blood pressure values
Authors: Vadeboncoeur Alain , Marcil Marie-Joelle , Cyr Samuel , Gupta Mona , Cournoyer Alexis , Minichiello Anthony , Larose Dominic , Sirois-Leclerc Julie , Tardif Jean-Claude , Morin Josée , Masson Violaine , Cossette Mariève , Brouillette Judith
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Emergency department (ED) visits for high blood pressure are increasing in frequency. We aimed to map those patients’ trajectory, from referral sources to the type of care received at the ED to anticipated actions for future high blood pressure concerns, and to better understand their reasons for consulting the ED for high blood pressure values.

Methods

Between 2018 and 2020, patients who presented to the Montreal Heart Institute’s ED for elevated blood pressure were recruited in a prospective observational study including a post hoc structured telephone interview and medical chart review. Five possible referral sources were predetermined. We provided proportions and 95% confidence intervals.

Results

A total of 100 patients were recruited (female: 59%, mean age: 69 ± 12). A majority (93%, 95% CI 88–98%) possessed a home blood pressure device, among which 46% (95% CI 36–56%) remembered receiving advice for its use. The main referral sources for high blood pressure to the ED were self-reference (53%, 95% CI 43–63%), advice of a lay person (19%, 95% CI 11–27%) or a nurse (13%, 95% CI 6–20%). Mainly, patients reported being concerned by concomitant symptoms or experiencing acute medical consequences (44%, 95% CI 34–54%), having followed the recommendation of a third party (33%, 95% CI 24–42%), or having concerns about their medication (6%, 95% CI 1–11%). Two weeks following their ED visits, consulting ED remained the main choice for future concerns about high blood pressure for 27% of participants. When specifically asked if they would return to the ED for elevated blood pressure, 73% (95% CI 64–83%) said yes.

Conclusions

Most patients who consulted the ED for elevated blood pressure values were self-referred. More can be done to promote blood pressure education, effective use of personal blood pressure devices, and recommendations for patients and health professionals when confronted with high blood pressure results.
Drag-related wave–current interaction inside a dense submerged aquatic canopy
Authors: Tan Weikai , Yuan Jing
Published: May 2022

The seabed in coastal regions is often covered by a dense submerged canopy formed by benthic organisms. The in-canopy flow is of great interest to coastal researchers. In this study, a semi-analytical model is proposed for the in-canopy current profile under the influence of coexisting waves. The current is driven by a mean shear stress at the canopy top and a mean streamwise pressure gradient. Wave–current interaction arises from the mean canopy drag, which is described by the conventional quadratic law. An algebraic eddy viscosity model, which accounts for the turbulence generated by a canopy-scale vortex and stem-scale wake, is proposed. The model is calibrated against unidirectional flume experiments, and is subsequently validated against a wave–current flume experiment. It is found that the mean canopy drag experienced by the current can be significantly amplified by a co-existing wave-driven oscillatory flow. Under the same current driving force, the current in wave–current flow is reduced from that in a pure-current flow. The reduction increases with canopy density and wave strength. For a wave and current at an angle, veering of the current velocity vector is suggested by the model, which makes the mean canopy drag align with the driving force of the current.
Energy exchanges in the flow past a cylinder with a leeward control rod
Authors: Biswas Neelakash , Cicolin Murilo M. , Buxton Oliver R.H.
Published: May 2022

We study the energy exchanges between coherent structures and the mean flow in the wake of a cylinder in the presence of a leeward control rod using particle image velocimetry data at Reynolds number (

$Re$

)

$20\times 10^3$

. The shedding of the control rod depends on the oncoming shear layer and hence the downstream interaction of the main cylinder's and control rod's wake strongly depends on the control rod's setting angle (

$\theta$

). In this work we study this interaction between the shedding modes from the cylinder and control rod at different

$\theta$

. New secondary coherent motions with distinct characteristic frequencies appear in the flow field aside from the frequencies associated with the sheddings of the control rod, the main cylinder and its harmonics. A multiscale triple decomposition method is applied to extract the coherent modes associated with each of these frequencies, and the dynamics of the modes are studied using kinetic energy budget equations. The primary shedding modes of the control rod and main cylinder, as well as the harmonics of the main cylinder's shedding modes, are found to be primarily energised by the mean flow at this

$Re$

, while the secondary modes are almost entirely energised by the primary modes, similar to the findings of Baj & Buxton (Phys. Rev. Fluids, vol. 2, issue 11, 2017, 114607) for a different multiscale flow configuration. The remarkable similarity in the energy exchange process forming the secondary coherent modes, observed in two different studies, hints at a possible universality in the formation process of these secondary structures in a multiscale flow.
The combined effects of buoyancy, rotation, and shear on phase boundary evolution
Authors: Ravichandran S. , Toppaladoddi S. , Wettlaufer J.S.
Published: May 2022

We use well-resolved numerical simulations to study the combined effects of buoyancy, pressure-driven shear and rotation on the melt rate and morphology of a layer of pure solid overlying its liquid phase in three dimensions at a Rayleigh number$Ra=1.25\times 10^5$. During thermal convection, we find that the rate of melting of the solid phase varies non-monotonically with the strength of the imposed shear flow. In the absence of rotation, depending on whether buoyancy or shear dominates the flow, we observe either domes or ridges aligned in the direction of the shear flow, respectively. Furthermore, we show that the geometry of the phase boundary has important effects on the magnitude and evolution of the heat flux in the liquid layer. In the presence of rotation, the strength of which is characterized by the Rossby number,$Ro$, we observe that for$Ro={O}(1)$, the mean flow in the interior is perpendicular to the direction of the constant horizontal applied pressure gradient. As the magnitude of this pressure gradient increases, the geometry of solid–liquid interface evolves from the voids characteristic of melting by rotating convection, to grooves oriented perpendicular or obliquely to the direction of the pressure gradient.
Nichtraucherschutz und Tabakentwöhnung
Authors: Kuitunen-Paul Sören , Rustler Christa , Lochbühler Kirsten , Teichmann Marko , Mühlig Stephan , Rüther Tobias , Roessner Veit , Smolka Michael N. , Rabenstein Andrea
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung. Fragestellung: Mitarbeitende in kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen (KJP) Einrichtungen stehen im Spannungsverhältnis zwischen der Durchsetzung von Rauchverboten für Patient_innen und dem eigenen Rauchverhalten. Bisher fehlen Daten, ob und wo Mitarbeitende rauchen und welche Entwöhnungsangebote KJP-Einrichtungen ihnen anbieten. Methodik: In einer Onlinestudie beantworteten n = 78 leitende Mitarbeitende deutscher KJP-Einrichtungen (41.9 % aller Angeschriebenen) Fragen zu stationsübergreifenden sowie stationsspezifischen Nichtraucherschutzmaßnahmen sowie zu Tabakentwöhnungsmaßnahmen. Ergebnisse: Umfassende Rauchverbote werden selten umgesetzt (< 20 % der Einrichtungen). Mitarbeitende dürfen vorrangig im Außengelände rauchen (z. B. in Raucherzonen: 69 bis 78 % je nach Stationstyp). Entwöhnungsangebote für Mitarbeitende bietet nur jede zweite KJP an (47 %). Schlussfolgerungen: Die Daten weisen auf zukünftige Handlungsfelder der Tabakkontrolle in der KJP-Pflege hin: transparente Regeln, Weiterbildungen und Ausbau betrieblicher Entwöhnungsangebote.
Electrical Conductivity of Clayey Rocks and Soils: A Non‐Linear Model
Authors: Qi Youzheng , Wu Yuxin
Published: May 2022

It is well‐accepted that Archie's law is only applicable to “clean” rocks and soils but fails in “dirty” ones where clay minerals possess an additional component of surface conductivity. Although several models, for example, Waxman‐Smits model, were presented to account for this phenomenon, surface conductivity is always inappropriately treated as constant, which actually only holds at high salinities. The essential non‐linear characteristic differing over fluid salinities has not been physically or mathematically explained well in those models. We scrutinize the conduction mechanism of clayey rocks and soils and ascribe this non‐linear feature to (a) variation of the electrical double layer and (b) the intrinsic clay‐and‐water conduction pattern. With effective medium theory, we develop an easy‐to‐use non‐linear model that both reflects electrochemical theories and explains the measurement data well. Our model can be used to produce more accurate results for laboratory‐ and field‐scale petrophysical parameter evaluations than the previous models.
Strong Long‐Lived Anticyclonic Mesoscale Eddies in the Balearic Sea: Formation, Intensification, and Thermal Impact
Authors: Aguiar E. , Mourre B. , Alvera‐Azcárate A. , Pascual A. , Mason E. , Tintoré J.
Published: May 2022

Anticyclonic mesoscale eddies are often observed in the Balearic Sea (BS) toward the end of summer and autumn. In some years, these eddies become strong and persistent, modifying the local water mass properties. In this study, we analyze two of the most significant recent long‐lived anticyclonic eddies, occurring in 2010 and 2017, using data from a high‐resolution circulation model, altimetry and satellite‐borne sea surface temperature observations. These eddies lasted around 2 and 4 months, respectively, with a radius varying between 40 and 75 km. The generation and intensification mechanisms of these long‐lived anticyclonic eddies are studied by means of (a) energy conversion terms associated with eddy‐mean flow interaction and (b) model sensitivity tests. Results show that these eddies were formed and intensified through mixed barotropic and baroclinic instabilities. The former are produced under the action of intense northwesterly (NW) winds. The latter are related to the existence of an intense summer thermal front between the BS and the Gulf of Lion, and to northward inflows of relatively lower salinity waters. Both the wind events and the presence of the thermal front are necessary for the formation of the eddies. The intensification process varied between both events. While in 2010 it was driven by significant salinity gradients produced by northwards inflows, in 2017 it was produced by additional intense NW winds. Both long‐lived anticyclonic eddies created long‐lasting surface temperature anomalies up to 2.5°C, which have characteristics of local marine heatwaves.
Northern Mid‐Latitude Mesospheric Cloud Frequencies Observed by AIM/CIPS: Interannual Variability Driven by Space Traffic
Authors: Stevens Michael H. , Randall Cora E. , Carstens Justin N. , Siskind David E. , McCormack John P. , Kuhl David D. , Dhadly Manbharat S.
Published: May 2022

Recent advances in data processing from the Cloud Imaging and Particle Size (CIPS) instrument on the NASA Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere satellite allow observation of bright mesospheric clouds at mid‐latitudes (<60°). When adjusted for the evolving local time (LT) of the CIPS observations during its mission we find that the frequencies of these bright clouds in the northern hemisphere show no trend from 2007 to 2021 and no dependence on the solar cycle, although the interannual variability is extreme. Rather we investigate the possible link with propellant exhaust from orbital vehicles, typically launched at lower latitudes. By filtering the launch record equatorward of 60°N using only those launches between 23 and 10 LT, we find a strong correlation with the observed mid‐latitude mesospheric cloud frequency variability between 56° and 60°N. Meridional winds at 92 km from a meteorological analysis system reveal that these morning launches occurred at the time of maximum northward transport. Based upon this combination of high correlation between the cloud frequency and the launch record plus favorable transport conditions, it is likely that space traffic has a strong influence on the interannual variability of these bright mesospheric clouds.
RUNX1 mutations contribute to the progression of MDS due to disruption of antitumor cellular defense: a study on patients with lower-risk MDS
Authors: Kaisrlikova Monika , Vesela Jitka , Kundrat David , Votavova Hana , Dostalova Merkerova Michaela , Krejcik Zdenek , Divoky Vladimir , Jedlicka Marek , Fric Jan , Klema Jiri , Mikulenkova Dana , Stastna Markova Marketa , Lauermannova Marie , Mertova Jolana , Soukupova Maaloufova Jacqueline , Jonasova Anna , Cermak Jaroslav , Belickova Monika
Published: May 2022

Patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (LR-MDS) have a generally favorable prognosis; however, a small proportion of cases progress rapidly. This study aimed to define molecular biomarkers predictive of LR-MDS progression and to uncover cellular pathways contributing to malignant transformation. The mutational landscape was analyzed in 214 LR-MDS patients, and at least one mutation was detected in 137 patients (64%). Mutated RUNX1 was identified as the main molecular predictor of rapid progression by statistics and machine learning. To study the effect of mutated RUNX1 on pathway regulation, the expression profiles of CD34 + cells from LR-MDS patients with RUNX1 mutations were compared to those from patients without RUNX1 mutations. The data suggest that RUNX1-unmutated LR-MDS cells are protected by DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms and cellular senescence as an antitumor cellular barrier, while RUNX1 mutations may be one of the triggers of malignant transformation. Dysregulated DDR and cellular senescence were also observed at the functional level by detecting γH2AX expression and β-galactosidase activity. Notably, the expression profiles of RUNX1-mutated LR-MDS resembled those of higher-risk MDS at diagnosis. This study demonstrates that incorporating molecular data improves LR-MDS risk stratification and that mutated RUNX1 is associated with a suppressed defense against LR-MDS progression.
Cytoglobin attenuates pancreatic cancer growth via scavenging reactive oxygen species
Authors: Hoang Dinh Viet , Thuy Le Thi Thanh , Hai Hoang , Hieu Vu Ngoc , Kimura Kenjiro , Oikawa Daisuke , Ikura Yoshihiro , Dat Ninh Quoc , Hoang Truong Huu , Sato-Matsubara Misako , Dong Minh Phuong , Hanh Ngo Vinh , Uchida-Kobayashi Sawako , Tokunaga Fuminori , Kubo Shoji , Ohtani Naoko , Yoshizato Katsutoshi , Kawada Norifumi
Published: May 2022

Pancreatic cancer is a highly challenging malignancy with extremely poor prognosis. Cytoglobin (CYGB), a hemeprotein involved in liver fibrosis and cancer development, is expressed in pericytes of all organs. Here, we examined the role of CYGB in the development of pancreatic cancer. CYGB expression appeared predominately in the area surrounding adenocarcinoma and negatively correlated with tumor size in patients with pancreatic cancer. Directly injecting 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene into the pancreatic tail in wild-type mice resulted in time-dependent induction of severe pancreatitis, fibrosis, and oxidative damage, which was rescued byCygboverexpression in transgenic mice. Pancreatic cancer incidence was 93% in wild-type mice but only 55% in transgenic mice. Enhanced CYGB expression in human pancreatic stellate cells in vitro reduced cellular collagen synthesis, inhibited cell activation, increased expression of antioxidant-related genes, and increased CYGB secretion into the medium.Cygb-overexpressing or recombinant human CYGB (rhCYGB) -treated MIA PaCa-2 cancer cells exhibited dose-dependent cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase, diminished cell migration, and reduction in colony formation. RNA sequencing in rhCYGB-treated MIA PaCa-2 cells revealed downregulation of cell cycle and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. An increase in MIA PaCa-2 cell proliferation and reactive oxygen species production by H2O2challenge was blocked by rhCYGB treatment orCygboverexpression. PANC-1, OCUP-A2, and BxPC-3 cancer cells showed similar responses to rhCYGB. Known antioxidants N-acetyl cysteine and glutathione also inhibited cancer cell growth. These results demonstrate that CYGB suppresses pancreatic stellate cell activation, pancreatic fibrosis, and tumor growth, suggesting its potential therapeutic application against pancreatic cancer.
COVID-19 vaccine development: milestones, lessons and prospects
Authors: Li Maochen , Wang Han , Tian Lili , Pang Zehan , Yang Qingkun , Huang Tianqi , Fan Junfen , Song Lihua , Tong Yigang , Fan Huahao
Published: May 2022

With the constantly mutating of SARS-CoV-2 and the emergence of Variants of Concern (VOC), the implementation of vaccination is critically important. Existing SARS-CoV-2 vaccines mainly include inactivated, live attenuated, viral vector, protein subunit, RNA, DNA, and virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines. Viral vector vaccines, protein subunit vaccines, and mRNA vaccines may induce additional cellular or humoral immune regulations, including Th cell responses and germinal center responses, and form relevant memory cells, greatly improving their efficiency. However, some viral vector or mRNA vaccines may be associated with complications like thrombocytopenia and myocarditis, raising concerns about the safety of these COVID-19 vaccines. Here, we systemically assess the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, including the possible complications and different effects on pregnant women, the elderly, people with immune diseases and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), transplant recipients, and cancer patients. Based on the current analysis, governments and relevant agencies are recommended to continue to advance the vaccine immunization process. Simultaneously, special attention should be paid to the health status of the vaccines, timely treatment of complications, vaccine development, and ensuring the lives and health of patients. In addition, available measures such as mix-and-match vaccination, developing new vaccines like nanoparticle vaccines, and optimizing immune adjuvant to improve vaccine safety and efficacy could be considered.