bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL SUBSTANTIATION OF PARODONTROTECTOR EFFICIENCY OF THE COMPLEX OF DRUGS IN RATS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES DURING ORTHODONTIC TEETH RELOCATION
Authors: Dem'yanenko Svetlana , Morozova Marina , Morozov Andrey , Denga Anastasiya , Makarenko Olga
Published: November 2020

Introduction. Pathological changes in the periodontium in people with diabetes mellitus, according to some data, are aggravated after orthodontic intervention, which dictates the need to carry out preventive measures, the effectiveness of which will determine the quality of orthodontic treatment.

The aim of this study was to study the periodontal protective effect of two domestic antidisbiotic drugs containing plant extracts, vitamins, calcium and phosphorus salts.

Methodology. The experiments were carried out on white Wistar rats, divided into 5 groups. The gums and periodontal bone tissue were isolated. The activity of urease, lysozyme and the content of hyaluronic acid was determined in the gingival homogenate, and the degree of dysbiosis was calculated. In the homogenate of the periodontal bone tissue, the activity of alkaline and acid phosphatases was determined, the mineralization index and the degree of mineralization, as well as the content of calcium and protein, were calculated.

Results. The obtained results of our study have convincingly proved the pronounced periodontal protection efficacy of antidisbiotic drugs for oral applications of the plates "CM-2" and the drug Enoant polyphenols. The proposed therapeutic and prophylactic complex inhibits inflammation, destruction of bone tissue and the development of dysbiosis, along with the manifestation of pronounced adaptogenic, antimicrobial and periodontal protective effects in experimental animals against the background of the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and orthodontic tooth movement.

Conclusion. The proposed therapeutic and prophylactic complex inhibits inflammation, destruction of bone tissue and the development of dysbiosis in experimental animals against the background of the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and orthodontic tooth movement. The obtained results of the experimental study serve as the basis for the recommendation of the investigated complex, including the local application of plates with herbal extracts, vitamins, calcium and microelements, along with the systemic use of grape polyphenol concentrate, in an orthodontic clinic for patients with diabetes mellitus.
FORMATION OF THE GINGIVAL RECESSION IN PATIENTS WITH BRUXISM
Authors: Saleeva Gul'shat , Saleev Rinat , Mustakimova Rezeda , Saleeva Lyaysan
Published: November 2020

Subject. Despite the data on the polyetiology of gum recession, the role of some factors in its formation remains unknown, which does not allow to adequately develop methods for the prevention of this disease.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of bruxism on the formation of gingival margin recession.

Methodology. The study was based on data, obtained during the examination of 65 patients aged 20 to 40 years with a of bruxism, established by a neurologist. The control group consisted of 65 conditionally healthy patients of the same age without neurological pathology and with intact periodontal disease. The study excluded individuals with other etiological factors that can lead to gingival recession.

Result. According to the results of the study, a 1 year later, the occurrence of gingival recession was determined in 44.7 % of cases, after 2 years, the number of recessions was determined in 64.7 %, and after 36 months in 77 % of cases. At the same time, the periodontal condition in relation to the formation of recessions remained unchanged in the patients of the comparison group. In all cases, recession was determined by the oral surface of the lower incisors, in 80 % of patients, on the vestibular surface of the canines and bicuspid of both jaws.

Conclusions: In patients with bruxism, there is a gradual formation of gingival recession with a predominant localization in the area of the oral surface of the incisors in the lower jaw, and on the vestibular surface of the canines and the buccal surface of the bicuspid.
STUDY OF THE ANATOMY OF THE MENTAL FORAMEN USING CONE-BEAM COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Shelegova Irina , Heigetyan Artur , Vazhenina Dar'ya , Nurieva Natal'ya
Published: November 2020

Subject. The article discusses the possibilities of cone-beam computed tomography in the study of the anatomy of the mental foramen: size, shape, topography, as well as the optical density of bone tissue at the mental foramen. The goal is to investigate the size, shape and topography of the mental foramen, as well as the optical density of bone tissue in it using cone-beam computed tomography. Methodology. The computed tomograms of the lower jaws of 26 patients were analyzed, according to which the vertical and horizontal dimensions of the mental openings were measured on the right and left, the number and sizes of additional mental openings, their location according to the Tebo and Telford classification, and the bone mineral density under the mental opening were determined. Statistical analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel, Windows 9. Results. The resulting average dimensions of the right (4.01x3.93 mm) and left (3.81x3.95) mental holes confirm the results of more extensive studies done earlier. In the first case (1.9 %), an anatomical variation of the mental opening was revealed: 3 holes with dimensions 2.1×2.1 mm, 2.0×0.9, and 1.9×2.4. The symmetrical location of the chin foramen was found in 15 patients (57.7 %). In most cases, types III (25 %) and IV (53.84 %) of the location of the mental opening were identified. The average optical density of bone tissue under the mental foramen on the right side was 1618.9±145.1 HU, on the left ― 1571.64±159.64. There were no significant differences in the optical density of bone tissue for types II―IV of the location of the mental foramen. Conclusions. A significant variability in the topography of the mental foramen was revealed, in this regard, methods of mental anesthesia with a personalized approach, for example, the method of anesthesia of the intraosseous part of the chin nerve, are becoming relevant (authors Rabinovich S.A., Vasiliev Yu.L., Tsybulkin A.G.). High values of the optical density of bone tissue at the mental foramen confirm the ineffectiveness of diffusion of anesthetics through the cortical plate.
Flame temperature analysis in the oxycut process using acetylene gas: a numerical study
Authors: Silva Gustavo L. S. , Campos Júlio Cesar Costa , Silva Charles Luiz da , Carlos Igor R. R. , Siqueira Antonio Marcos de Oliveira , Brito Rogério F. , Minette Luciano José
Published: November 2020

To cut metals, the oxycut process uses a preheating flame, usually composed of oxygen and a combustible gas, in addition to a flame-independent jet of oxygen. In the present work, the partially premixed combustion model of a finite volume-based software was applied to analyze the flame temperature in a cutting tip of acetylene. At the torch inlet boundary, the flow rates of oxygen and acetylene were adjusted to sweep a wide range of fuel-oxygen ratio. The results pointed a peak surrounding the stoichiometric ratio, at 3106 °C for the literature and 2650.93 °C for the numerical model, contrasting a deviation of 14.65%. The maximum temperature occurs at 52.38% of oxygen volume for the literature and 50.03% for the model, a difference of 2.35 percentage points only. It is concluded that the results of the numerical approach attained the ends of the research.
Modelo Black-Litterman con Support Vector Regression: una alternativa para los fondos de pensiones obligatorios colombianos
Authors: Buriticá-Mejía Julián Andrés
Published: November 2020

El modelo pensional colombiano se caracteriza por ser intergeneracional, ra­zón por la cual se ha visto afectado por tres grandes problemas estructurales: inequidad, baja cobertura e insostenibilidad financiera. Frente a este panora­ma, el Estado ha reaccionado con medidas de tipo normativo que han aliviado algunos de estos problemas; sin embargo, estas regulaciones prudenciales han impactado la finalidad inherente a un fondo de inversión, es decir, la generación de riqueza para garantizar el consumo intertemporal de la población colombia­na en edad de retiro. En consecuencia, los fondos de pensiones en Colombia requieren que, bajo el marco de las diferentes regulaciones, se estudien nuevas alternativas de estructuración de sus portafolios que les permitan un eficiente manejo de los recursos de retiro para su población. En este sentido, se creó una frontera y un portafolio eficientes mediante la aplicación de Support Vector Machine sobre el modelo Black-Litterman para los fondos de pensiones obligatorios colombianos, con el fin de comprobar la utili­dad de los algoritmos de aprendizaje en los diferentes ámbitos financieros. Los resultados muestran que es posible su aplicabilidad al modelo de estructuración de portafolios Black-Litterman mediante mejoras a la matriz de las distribucio­nes a priori, puntualmente con el uso de Support Vector Regression, que generó portafolios mejor diversificados frente al modelo media varianza de Markowitz, y que son adaptables a los fondos de pensiones obligatorios colombianos.
Zmieniać rzeczy w znaki. Kod przedmiotowy w tradycji Bożego Ciała z kwietnymi dywanami w spycimierzu
Authors: Smyk Katarzyna
Published: November 2020

Artykuł stanowi semiotyczną analizę przedmiotów (materiałów, narzędzi, przedmiotów kultu) wykorzystanych w Spycimierzu (województwo łódzkie, powiat Poddębice, gmina Uniejów) podczas święta Bożego Ciała. Wieś ta wyróżnia się nadzwyczaj bogatym wystrojem, a szczególnie kwietnymi dywanami 2-kilometrowej długości układanymi na całej trasie procesji eucharystycznej. Autorka do analizy obrzędowego kodu przedmiotowego zastosowała teorię semioforów Krzysztofa Pomiana. Semioforami według niej są dywany kwiatowe, bramy i ołtarze – przedmioty w najwyższym stopniu sakralne w czasie mszy świętej i procesji. Powstają one z i za pomocą rzeczy – materiałów, narzędzi, przy asyście mediów – aparatów i kamer. Po procesji następuje etap desakralizacji semioforów i wytracania przez nie symbolicznych funkcji oraz wysokich wartości. Część z materiałów użytych do stworzenia semioforów zostanie przechowana na następny rok stając się rzeczami, część jako odpady trafi na kompostowniki, zamieniając się w ciała – glebę, z której w kolejnym roku wyrosną kwiaty. Wobec tego, że kwiaty posłużą do ułożenia kwietnego dywanu czy ozdobienia ołtarza, opisany obieg przedmiotów można nazwać spycimierskim kontinuum.
PAMALI CULTURE OF POLEWALI COMMUNITY IN WEST SULAWESI AND APPRECIATION OF ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE
Authors: Sadat Anwar , Yusuf Muhammad
Published: November 2020

The article explores the values of the local wisdom (‘urf) of the West Sulawesi Polewali community and an appreciation of Islamic law towards it. This research used a qualitative approach. Data collection was done through triangulation techniques that were intended to obtain more complete data. Data were analyzed with content analysis techniques and semiotics analysis approach. Content analysis can provide closer philosophical meaning of the phrase. While the semiotics approach can help to understand the meaning of the symbolic expressions of Pamali. The phrases in Pamali contain very deep and philosophical meanings. This research showed that Pamali has a depth of meaning so that a symbolic and contextual analysis approaches can give exact meaning of Pamali expression. Thus, the local wisdom in muamalat can be considered in formulating Islamic law that applies to the Mandar community in general and the Polewali community in particular. Local wisdom in the Polewali community can be used as a consideration in the formulation of Islamic law and development policies in Polewali. Artikel ini mengupas tentang nilai-nilai kearifan local (‘urf) masyarakat Polewali Sulawesi Barat dan apresiasi hukum Islam terhadapnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui teknik triangulasi yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh data yang lebih lengkap. Data dianalisis dengan teknik analisis isi dan pendekatan analisis semiotika. Hal itu karena pesan di dalam Pamali menggunakan bahasa simbolik untuk tujuan tertentu. Analisis isi dapat lebih mendekatkan pada makna filosofis dari ungkapan. Sedangkan pendekatan semiotika dapat membantu untuk memahami makna ungkapan simbolik Pamali. Ungkapan pada Pamali mengandung makna yang sangat dalam dan filosofis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pamali memiliki makna yang dalam sehingga hanya dengan pendekatan analisis simbolik dan kontekstual dapat menempatkan makna ungkapan Pamali secara tepat. Dengan demikian, kearifan lokal dalam muamalat itu dapat menjadi pertimbangan dalam merumuskan hukum Islam yang berlaku bagi masyarakat Mandar umumnya dan masyarakat Polewali pada khususnya. Kearifan lokal pada masyarakat Polewali memungkinkan untuk  dijadikan pertimbangan dalam perumusan hukum Islam dan kebijakan pembangunan di Polewali.
Las exportaciones de hidrocarburos y el crecimiento económico en Colombia 1960-2016: un análisis según la hipótesis de la enfermedad holandesa
Authors: Vargas-Restrepo Johnny Humberto , Saldarriaga-Muñoz Juan Pablo
Published: November 2020

La hipótesis de la “enfermedad holandesa” prevé que existe una relación negativa entre las exportaciones de bienes primarios y el sector transable de la economía (principalmente la industria), de ese modo se termina afectando el crecimiento económico. En este trabajo se analiza este fenómeno para el caso de las principales exportaciones Colombia, petróleo y carbón. Por medio de series de tiempo se modeló el efecto de las exportaciones de estos combustibles sobre el tipo de cambio, el sector transable de economía y la tasa de crecimiento económico colombiano durante el periodo 1960-2016, y los resultados muestran que se cumple esa hipótesis. Adicionalmente se testeó si los procesos de apertura causaron también efectos similares a los de la enfermedad holandesa, pero no se encontró evidencia de ello.
Efectos de la reactivación económica en Colombia
Authors: Vallejo Zamudio Luis E.
Published: November 2020

La crisis económica que afronta Colombia por cuenta de la pandemia del coronavirus es de proporciones gigantescas. Las expectativas de reactivación de los distintos sectores económicos son crecientes. Si bien es cierto que se observó un repunte en mayo en comparación con el mes de abril, las estadísticas divulgadas por el Departamento Nacional de Estadística (DANE) para el primer semestre del año en curso son dramáticas. El DANE pronostica que la producción al finalizar el 2020 descenderá un 10 % y el empleo, un 20 %.
“Parenting with Rumah Keluarga Risman” Facebook group as information society and determinant of technology function
Authors: Andayani Tri Juniati , Achmad Zainal Abidin
Published: November 2020

The information society uses the means of information technology with high intensity in everyday life. Facebook groups provide function as an information society. One of the unique groups is “Parenting with Rumah Keluarga Risman” as the research subject. This qualitative research uses the virtual ethnography method to observe both real field and virtual field. As observer-participants, researchers conducted virtual inquiries and in-depth interviews with informants of the research subject. The members of the “Parenting with Rumah Keluarga Risman” Facebook group represent their selves whether as a real community and a virtual community. This community often holds meetings in a public space of a city. The intensity of this virtual community is more intensive when having shared problems. The group provides many useful information about parenting, such as avoiding pornographic content for children, book discussions, and social agenda. The communication intimacy among members exceeds the real community. The contents of the communication discussing knowledge parenting in Islamic perspective. The results showed this Facebook group is a concrete form of the concept of determination of technology and information society.
The socialization of the independence of migrant workers children
Authors: Agustina Ikhda Maulida
Published: November 2020

The family is the primary socialization agent that has the function to shape the character of children. The presence of both parents in a family is able to provide great opportunities for children to obtain their rights including children who live in migrant workers' families. The thing that caught the attention of the researchers was the process of parenting especially socialization regarding independence carried out by the caregivers, as an effort to form the character of an independent child and fulfillment of children's rights and minimize the label given to children in the family of migrant workers. This study uses qualitative methods. The data collection in this study used in-depth interviews, the determination of the informants in this study used snowball random selection of informants and rolled from one informant to another informant without limitation on the number, in the study there were 7 informants who were caregivers of the children of migrant workers' families, the age of the children cared for is 8-18 years. The theories used in this study are the theory of Symbolic Interactionism from Herbert Blumer and Theory of Socialization Patterns from Elizabeth B. Hurlock. The results obtained from this study are that foster parents have meaning about independence derived from parents, experience and the surrounding environment. The meaning that is owned by foster parents is then disseminated to the children of migrant workers' families. The meaning of independence inherent in foster parents has an impact on the pattern of socialization that is applied to migrant workers' children. Independence is interpreted as disciplinary learning using authoritarian socialization patterns, independence which is interpreted as encouraging children to apply democratic socialization patterns and independence which is interpreted as self-habituation for children using permissive socialization patterns.
Perjanjian Pemagangan yang Tidak Mengatur Ketentuan Besaran Uang Saku Bagi Pemagang
Authors: Mahandi Alvian Ferry
Published: November 2020

Pada penulisan skripsi ini membahas tentang suatu perjanjian kerja dalam pemagangan yang tidak mengatur adanya besaran uang saku terhadap perjanjian pemagangan yang mlibatkan kedua belah pihak yaitu pemagang dan pengusaha. Dalam hal ini terdapat salah satu hak sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan dan Peraturan Menteri Nomor 6 Tahun 2020 tentang penyelenggaraan dalam Negeri. Rumusan masalah yang terdapat dalam skripsi ini adalah Keabsahan perjanjian pemagangan tanpa menyertakan suatu besaran uang saku dan Upaya hukum pemagang terhadap perjanjian pemagangan tanpa menyertakan besaran uang saku. Selanjutnya dalam pemagangan ini terjadi perselisihan industrial maka dapat di selesaikan melalui penyelesaian litigasi atau non-litigasi yang dapat ditarik lebih lanjut dengan bipartite,mediasi,arbitrasi,serta Pengadilan Industrial.
Penataan dan Pengendalian Pedagang Kaki Lima di Sidoarjo Dalam Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Kerakyatan
Authors: Ramadhan Bayu Ariefka
Published: November 2020

Penataan dan pengendalian PKL di Sidoarjo dilakukan untuk menciptakan kondisi perekonomian yang tertib dan teratur, sehingga dapat tercapainya kualitas perekonomian rakyat yang baik dan dan akan membantu meningkatkan pendapatan asli daerah. Penelitian ini menggunakan tipe yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan teori. Peneparan peraturan daerah yang telah dikoordinasikan dan disahkan oleh pemerintah pusat untuk mengontrol sebuah kegiatan perekonomian daerahnya secara mandiri. Tindakan penataan PKL oleh pemerintag daerah dilakukan dengan mengutamakan prinsip good governance untuk menjamin keselarasan dalam kegiatan usaha yang dilakukan PKL dan mengantisipasi terjadinya pelanggaran hukum, seperti melakukan usaha dilahan yang tidak sesuai dengan peruntukannya, menimbulkan gangguan bagi pengguna fasilitas umum dan benyaknya limbah yang berasal dari hasil kegiatan usaha yang dilakukan PKL. Penegakan hukum oleh pemerintah daerah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan ketertiban PKL dengan cara persuasif dan represif, yang mana penegakan awal yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah dilakukan dengan cara persuasif yang dilakukan dengan cara pengawasan terhadap pedagang yang melakukan usaha, sedagangkan penegakan represif dilakukan apabila pedagang yang menjalankan kegiatan usaha melakukan pelanggaran dari peraturan yang ada di dalam peraturan daerah.
Effect of adolescent pregnancy on the incidence of low birthweight in Dr Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Fadhilah Nur Lailatul , Pranadyan Rizky
Published: November 2020

Objective: The aim of this study to analyze correlation of neonatal outcome in adolescent pregnancy in Soetomo Hospital within 2014-2017.Materials and Methods: This study was analytic observational cross-sectional study using medical record period 2014-2017 in Obstetric and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine of Airlangga University by using total sampling.Results: The number of total sample among all adolescent pregnancy during 4 years was 184 patient (3,2%) of 5770 patient. The neonatal outcome among all of them were low birth weight, 184 cases (7,8%) of 2350 cases were LBW. 19 cases (5,7%) of 329 cases in percentile <10. This data was analyzed by chi-square SPSS with p value 0,218 (p>0,05), means there were no significant correlation.Conclusion: Adolescent pregnancy had no correlation with low birth weight in neonatal outcome.
COVID-19: Rethinking the Lockdown Groupthink
Authors: Joffe Ari
Published: November 2020

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide pandemic in 2020. In response, most countries in the world implemented lockdowns, restricting their population’s movements, work, education, gatherings, and general activities in attempt to ‘flatten the curve’ of COVID-19 cases. The public health goal of lockdowns was to save the population from COVID-19 cases and deaths, and to prevent overwhelming health care systems with COVID-19 patients. In this narrative review I explain why I changed my mind about supporting lockdowns. First, I explain how the initial modeling predictions induced fear and crowd-effects [i.e., groupthink]. Second, I summarize important information that has emerged relevant to the modeling, including about infection fatality rate, high-risk groups, herd immunity thresholds, and exit strategies. Third, I describe how reality started sinking in, with information on significant collateral damage due to the response to the pandemic, and information placing the number of deaths in context and perspective. Fourth, I present a cost-benefit analysis of the response to COVID-19 that finds lockdowns are far more harmful to public health than COVID-19 can be. Controversies and objections about the main points made are considered and addressed. I close with some suggestions for moving forward.
A Sustainable, Integrated Multi-Level Floating Farm Concept: Singapore Perspective
Authors: Asgarov Rasim , MacLaren David , Hannan Mohammed Abdul , Khandelwal Prateek
Published: November 2020

The exponential growth of population and the consistent food demand has compelled humanity to seek alternatives to traditional farming and innovative technologies to increase production. Exploring offshore for natural resources and alleviating pressure on land has been an ongoing research field, especially in the energy and aquaculture sector. However, the idea of floating farming is still in its infancy and requires significant innovations. The work presented here shed further light on this area by proposing a comprehensive model of ‘Integrated, multicultural, Multileveled Floating Farm (MFF).’ Various aspects of planning, design, constructions and operations of such MFF are discussed. An integrated waste management system is proposed to improve sustainability. The conceptual design and associated financial analysis demonstrated that such integration of various modes of farming could be profitable and sustainable at the same time. The cost estimation and profit analysis are presented in the context of Singapore, and a conservative approach is followed for the calculation. However, the model can easily be extended for application in other countries.
Research on Milling Tool Wears Prediction based on 3-D Finite Element Process Simulation
Authors: LIU Zhibo , YUE Caixu , LI Xiaochen , LIU Xianli , Liang Steven Y. , Wang Lihui
Published: November 2020

In the process of metal cutting, the anti-wear performance of the tool determines the life of the tool and affects the surface quality of the workpiece. The finite element simulation method can directly show the tool wear state and morphology, but due to the limitations of the simulation time and complex boundary conditions, it has not been commonly used in tool life prediction. Based on this, a tool wear model was established on the platform of a finite element simulation software for the cutting process of titanium alloy TC4 by end milling. The key technique is to embed different types of tool wear models into the finite element model in combination with the consequent development technology. The effectiveness of the tool wear model is validated by comparing the experimental results with the simulation results. At the same time, in order to quickly predict the tool life, an empirical prediction formula of tool wear was established, and the change course of tool wear under time change was obtained.
Current Status of Cell-Based Therapy in Patients with Critical Limb Ischemia
Authors: Jaluvka Frantisek , Ihnat Peter , Madaric Juraj , Prochazka Vaclav
Published: November 2020

Background: The treatment of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is focused on improving perfusion and oxygenation in the affected limb. Standard revascularization methods include bypass surgery, endovascular interventional procedures, or hybrid revascularization. Cell-based therapy can be an alternative strategy for patients with no-option critical limb ischemia who are not eligible for endovascular or surgical procedures. Aims: This review offers an up-to-date critical overview of the knowledge and data of evidence-based medicine on the position of cell therapy in the treatment of PAD. It provides an overview of current evidence and appraises the future perspectives of cell-based therapy, emphasizing the potential of exosomal cell-free approaches in patients with critical limb ischemia. Results: Meta-analyses focused on cell therapy problems in PAD treatment confirm a significantly greater chance of limb salvage in the first year after the cell therapy administration. The opportunity of defect healing is at least two times higher when compared with the standard conservative therapy. Secondary endpoints of the available meta-analyses are also included in this review. Improvement of perfusion and oxygenation parameters in the affected limb, pain regression, and claudication interval prolongation are discussed. Conclusions: The available evidence-based medicine data show that this technique is safe, associated with minimum complications or adverse events, and effective.
Adherence to Antihypertensive Therapy: A Systematic Review of Russian Prospective Studies from 2000 to 2019
Authors: Bochkareva E. V. , Butina E. K. , Kim I. V. , Kontsevaya A. V. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: November 2020

Russia belongs to countries with a high prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH), which is the main cause of premature death in the Russian population. The level of blood pressure (BP) is controlled in less than a third of patients, which may be due to poor adherence to medical recommendations and irregular medication. The manuscript provides a review of studies evaluating the effectiveness of measures to improve adherence to antihypertensive therapy (AHT).

Aim. To prepare a systematic review of Russian studies to assess the effectiveness of measures to increase adherence to AHT, to determine/describe the main directions of the intervention and the methodological level.

Material and methods. The search for full-text articles on adherence to AHT published in Russian in the period from 2000 to 2019 was carried out in the main Russian and international electronic databases eLIBRARY.ru, Embase, Russian Medicine, MEDLINE. Of the 563 publications found, 20 were included in the review.

Results. In 14 studies, adherence was assessed using the 4-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-4), other studies used bespoke questionnaires or pill counts. Two studies examined factors associated with adherence. The observation period was up 6 weeks to 12 months, the number of participants is 30-2435 people. A higher adherence was noted in women, people over 50 years old, with higher education, working, with concomitant diabetes mellitus and a history of myocardial infarction. Patient education was effective interventions to improve adherence (in particular, in studies, improvement on the MMAS-4 from 1.8 to 3.9 points, p=0.0002 or from 2.80 to 3.79 points, p<0.0001), telephone reminders (p<0.0001), training in self-measurement of blood pressure (p<0.05) and fixed combinations of drugs (p<0.05).

Conclusion. The most effective ways to improve adherence are patient education and the use of drugs fixed combinations. In most studies, subjective methods of adherence assessing were used.
Taṭwīr Takhṭīṭ al-Tadrīs li-al-Faṣl al-Dirāsī li-al-Kitābah al-Muqayyadah bi-Istikhdām CEFR min Khilāl al-Ta‘līm al-Mudammaj
Authors: Primadana Ramadhan Jabal , Bin Abdul Hakim Muhammad Kamal , Setiadi Syamsi
Published: November 2020

This study aims to produce a CEFR-based Semester Learning Plan (RPS) on guided writing (al-kitābah al-muqayyadah or Kitābah 1) course by using blended learning. This study uses a research and development method based on the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation) by limiting the stages to (1) need analysis of the fifth-semester students of Arabic Language Education Study Program, Universitas Negeri Jakarta in RPS of Kitābah 1; (2) design and development for RPS of Kitābah 1 which is adjusted to CEFR level A1 and blended learning; (3) product assessment conducted by expert reviewers. Based on the needs analysis obtained from data of 20 students, the need index for RPS of Kitābah 1 with blended learning models is 2.6 (on a scale of 1–3). RPS based on the CEFR for Kitābah 1 aims to make students have the ability to arrange words and phrases into simple sentences and write paragraphs in a guided manner. Finally, based on the expert’s assessment, the score was 4.19 (on a scale of 1–5) in the very good category. Thus, the RPS of Kitābah 1 can be developed and suitable for use.
An Acute Osteochondral Defect Secondary to Fabella Impaction
Authors: Dekker Travis J. , DePhillipo Nicholas N. , Kennedy Mitchell Iung , Aman Zachary S. , LaPrade Robert F.
Published: November 2020

Case:

A healthy 37-year-old man sustained a knee injury after performing a deep flexion maneuver while skiing and noted immediate knee pain and swelling. Because of persistent inability to fully extend his knee and persistent posterolateral knee pain, he was evaluated and noted to have an acute osteochondral defect of the posterolateral femoral condyle directly adjacent to his fabella. After a trial of nonoperative interventions, he elected to undergo an arthroscopic-assisted open excision of the fabella and a chondroplasty of the posterolateral femoral condyle defect.

Conclusion:

A traumatic osteochondral defect secondary to a lateral fabella impaction is a rare pathology but must be evaluated in patients performing deep flexion maneuvers who have persistent knee pain and mechanical symptoms. When there is a focal defect with increased edema of both the fabella and posterolateral femoral condyle, an arthroscopic chondroplasty and fabella excision is a valid treatment to return the patient back to desired activities.
Recruitment patterns in a large international randomized controlled trial of perioperative care in cancer patients.
Authors: Gazendam Aaron , Bozzo Anthony , Schneider Patricia , Giglio Victoria , Wilson David , Ghert Michelle
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The Prophylactic Antibiotic Regimens in Tumor Surgery (PARITY) randomized controlled trial (RCT) was the first study to prospectively enroll and randomize orthopaedic oncology patients in multiple centers internationally. The objective of this study was to describe recruitment patterns, examine the differences in enrollment across different PARITY sites, and to identify variables associated with differing levels of recruitment.Methods: Data from this study was obtained from the PARITY trial Methods Center and records of correspondence between the Methods Center and recruiting sites. We performed descriptive statistics to report the recruitment patterns over time. We compared recruitment, time to set up, and time to enroll the first patient between North American and international sites, private and public health care models, and the presence or absence of research personnel. Two-tailed non-paired t-tests were performed to test average monthly recruitment rates between groups. Results: A total of 602 patients from 36 North American and 12 international sites were recruited from 2013 to 2019. Average monthly enrollment increased each year of the study. North American sites were able to start up significantly faster than international sites (19.5 vs. 27.0 months p=0.04). However, international sites had a significantly higher recruitment rate once active (0.2 participants/month vs. 0.59 participants/month, p=0.023). Sites with research personnel were able to reach ‘enrolment ready’ status significantly faster than sites without research personnel (19.3 vs. 30.3 months, p=0.032), but there was no difference in recruitment once active (0.28 participants/month vs. 0.2 participants/month). Publicly funded sites were to recruit significantly more patients compared to private institutions (0.4/month vs. 0.17/month, p=0.03).Conclusions: As a collaborative group, the PARITY investigators increased the pace of recruitment throughout the trial, likely by increasing the number of active sites. The longer time to start-up at international sites may be due to the complex governing regulations of pharmaceutical trials. Nevertheless, international sites should be considered essential as they recruited significantly more patients per month once active. The absence of research support personnel may lead to delays in time to start up. The results of the current study will provide guidance for choosing which sites to recruit for participation in future collaborative clinical trials in orthopaedic oncology and other surgical specialties.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01479283. Prospectively registered on November 24, 2011.
A Novel Immune Classification Reveals Distinct Immune Escape Mechanism and Genomic Alterations: Implications for Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Liu Zaoqu , Zhang Yuyuan , Shi Chengcheng , Zhou Xueliang , Xu Kaihao , Jiao Dechao , Sun Zhenqiang , Han Xinwei
Published: November 2020

Background: The tumor immunological microenvironment (TIME) has a prominent impact on prognosis and immunotherapy. However, the heterogeneous TIME and the mechanisms by which TIME affects immunotherapy have not been elucidated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods: A total of 2195 eligible HCC patients from TCGA and GEO database were collected. We comprehensively explored the different heterogeneous TIME phenotypes and its clinical significance. The potential immune escape mechanisms and what genomic alterations may drive the formation of different phenotypes were further investigated.Results: We identified three phenotypes in HCC: TIME-1, the “immune-deficiency” phenotype, with immune cell depletion and proliferation; TIME-2, the “immune-suppressed” phenotype, with being in immunosuppressive states; TIME-3, the “immune-activated phenotype”, with abundant leukocytes infiltration and immune activation. The prognosis and sensitivity to both sorafenib and immunotherapy differed among the three phenotypes. We also underlined the potential immune escape mechanisms: lack of leukocytes and defective tumor antigen presentation capacity in TIME-1, increased immunosuppressive cells in TIME-2, and rich in immunoinhibitory molecules in TIME-3. The different phenotypes also demonstrated specific genomic events: TIME-1 characterized by TP53, CDKN2A, CTNNB1, AXIN1 and FOXD4 alterations; TIME-2 characterized by significant alteration patterns in the PI3K pathway; TIME-3 characterized by ARID1A mutation. Besides, the TIME index (TI) was proposed to quantify TIME infiltration pattern, and it was a superior prognostic and immunotherapy predictor. A pipeline was developed to classify single patient into one of these three subtypes and calculated the TI. Conclusions: We identified three TIME phenotypes with different clinical outcomes, immune escape mechanisms and genomic alterations in HCC, which could present strategies for improving the efficacy of immunotherapy. TI as a novel prognostic and immunotherapeutic signature that could guide personalized immunotherapy and clinical management of HCC.
ADT-OH exhibits anti-metastatic activity on malignant melanoma through inhibition of FAK/Paxillin signaling pathways
Authors: Cai Fangfang , Xu Huangru , Yu Shihui , Li Ping , Lu Yanyan , Chen Jia , Bi Zhiqian , Sun Huisong , Cheng Jian , Zhuang Hongqin , Hua Zi-Chun
Published: November 2020

Background: Melanoma is a highly aggressive cancer, and its high metastasis results in a high lethality. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is now widely recognized as the third endogenous gas delivery substance and may play a key role in cancer biological processes. The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-metastatic effect of H2S-donor ADT-OH on melanoma cells and the underlying mechanism.Methods: Firstly, the effect of ADT-OH on the migration of melanoma cells was explored in vivo by the mouse footpad injection model and the mouse tail vein metastasis model. Tumor xenograft growth and tumor tissue H&E analyses were also measured in vivo. Then, the migration inhibitory effect and the underlying mechanism of ADT-OH on B16F10, B16F1 and A375 melanoma cell lines were evaluated by wound healing, transwell, western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. Results: Our data showed that ADT-OH inhibited the migration and invasion of melanoma cells significantly in vivo in three different animal models. Further research showed that ADT-OH significantly suppressed the migratory, invasive and adhesive properties of A375 and B16F10 cells as measured by the wound-healing and transwell assays. Mechanistically, ADT-OH treatment suppressed the EMT processes and reduced the enzymatic activity of FAK and Paxillin. Moreover, abnormal CSE/CBS and AKT signaling pathways in A375 and B16F10 cells were notably observed following ADT-OH treatment. Additionally, ADT-OH at higher concentration significantly inhibited the proliferation of highly metastatic melanoma A375 and B16F10 cells.Conclusions: Our results suggest that ADT-OH exerts anti-metastasis activity in melanoma cells by suppressing the EMT process through the CSE/CBS and FAK signaling pathways, and it might be used as an agent against metastatic melanoma in future.
Biosynthetic circ-PLEKHA5 stabilized by SRSF7 promotes the vasculogenic mimicry of glioblastoma cells by encoding a novel protein 622aa
Authors: Su Rui , Liu Xiaobai , Teng Hao , Ruan Xuelei , Wang Di , Yang Chunqing , Shao Lianqi , Liu Yunhui , Cai Heng , Li Zhen , Yu Bo , Xue Yixue
Published: November 2020

Background: Increasing studies have been demonstrated that circRNAs play vital regulatory roles in the biological behaviors of glioblastoma cells, and increasing circRNAs are found to have the capacity of encoding small peptides, which are involved in the regulatory process.Methods: Western blot and qRT-PCR were conducted to confirm the expression of SRSF7 and circ-PLEKHA5 respectively. RNase R digestion assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization assays were conducted to evaluate the existence and cellular location of circ-PLEKHA5. RIP assay was used to access the relationship between SRSF7 and circ-PLEKHA5. Dual-luciferase assay and FLAG tag assays were performed to test the coding capability of circ-PLEKHA5. Immunofluorescence assay was conducted to evaluate the location of circ-PLEKHA5-622aa. CCK-8, vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation and transwell assays were used to evaluate the roles of SRSF7, circ-PLEKHA5, circ-PLEKHA5-622aa on proliferation, VM formation, migration and invasion. Nude mice xenograft studys with PAS-CD34 staining were used to clarify the functional roles of SRSF7 and circ-PLEKHA5 on VM formation in vivo.Results: SRSF7 was up-regulated in glioma, and promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion, VM formation and the expression of VM-associated proteins of glioma cells by increasing the expression of circ-PLEKHA5. Circ-PLEKHA5 was mainly localized in cytoplasm and promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion, VM formation and the expression of VM-associated proteins of glioma cells by encoding a novel protein circ-PLEKHA5-622aa. The application of SRSF7 and circ-PLEKHA5 inhibitor significantly suppressed the tumor growth and VM formation in vivo.Conclusions: This study first demonstrated the coding ability of circ-PLEKHA5, and identified the regulatory roles of SRSF7/circ-PLEKHA5/circ-PLEKHA5-622aa pathway in VM formation of glioblastoma cells. Our findings might provide a novel strategy for glioma treatment.
Intake, Rumen Fermentation and Apparent Digestibility of Aerbasi Cashmere Goats Fed Corn Stover, Caragana and Their Mixture on the Mongolian Plateau
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhou Tianrong , Jia Yushan , Risu Na , Cai Yimin , Gentu Ge
Published: November 2020

To effectively use local available feed resources to address the problem of animal feed shortage in winter, the intake, rumen fermentation and apparent digestibility of Aerbasi cashmere goats fed corn stover (CS), caragana (CA) and their mixture were studied on Mongolian plateau.The treatments were designed as CS, CA, CS 80% + CA 20% (MT1), CS 50% + CA 50% (MT2), and CS 20% + CA 80% (MT3). With an increased mixing ratio of CA, intake of DM, NDF, and half cellulose was decreased (P<0.05). Meanwhile intake of CP, ADF, and acid detergent lignin (ADL) was increased (P<0.05). Compared to the CS treatment, the proportion of particles ≤ 0.1 mm in size was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the CA treatment. With an increased mixing ratio of CA, the proportions of 0.5–1.0 and 1.0–5.0 mm particles decreased (P<0.05), but the proportion of > 5.0 mm particles did not. the proportions of ≤ 0.1 and 0.1–0.5 mm particles increased (P<0.05).The results confirm the mix ration of 4 to 1 has a good mix ratio for goat feed, based on the DM intake, apparent digestibility and VFA contents, and proportion of particles > 1.0 mm in size.
Causes of Hospitalisation Over 2011-2018 Among a Cohort of People With HIV From a London Centre
Authors: Rein Sophia M , Lampe Fiona C , Chaloner Clinton , Stafford Adam , Rodger Alison J , Johnson Margaret A , McDonnell Jeffrey , Burns Fiona , Madge Sara , Miners Alec , Sherr Lorraine , Collins Simon , Speakman Andrew , Phillips Andrew N , Smith Colette
Published: November 2020

Objective: To describe the spectrum of ICD-10 classified causes for hospitalisations occurring between 2011/2012 and 2018 in a cohort of PLHIV.Methods: This sub-study includes 798 HIV-positive individuals participating in the Antiretroviral, Sexual Transmission Risk and Attitudes (ASTRA) questionnaire study who were recruited from a large London centre. A medical record review identified the occurrence and causes of hospitalisation from the date of questionnaire completion (2011-2012) until 1 June 2018. Up to five causes were classified by an HIV clinician using the ICD-10 system.Results: There were 274 hospitalisations in 153 people (rate=5.8/100 person-years; 95% CI: 5.1, 6.5). Causes were wide-ranging; the most common were circulatory (16.8%), digestive (13.1%), respiratory (11.7%), infectious diseases (11.0%), injury/poisoning (10.6%), genitourinary diseases (9.9%) and neoplasms (9.1%). A tenth (27/274) of hospitalisations were related to at least one AIDS-defining illness. Median duration of hospitalisation was 5 days. At the time of hospitalisation, median CD4 count was high (510 cells/µl; IQR: 315-739), while median CD4 nadir was relatively low (113 cells/µl; IQR: 40-239). At admission, half of individuals (51%) had a previous AIDS-defining illness and 21% had viral load >50 copies/ml. Individuals admitted for infectious diseases were particularly likely to have unfavourable clinical characteristics (low CD4, viral non-suppression, not on ART, previous AIDS).Conclusions: In the modern cART era, the spectrum of causes of hospitalisation in PLHIV in the UK is wide-ranging, highlighting the importance of holistic care for PLHIV, including prevention, early detection and treatment of comorbidities.
Unusual Aldehyde Reductase Activity for Production of Full-length Fatty Alcohol by Cyanobacterial Aldehyde Deformylating Oxygenase  
Authors: Buttranon Supacha , Intasian Pattarawan , Treesukkasem Nidar , Jaroensuk Juthamas , Maenpuen Somchart , Sucharitakul Jeerus , Lawan Narin , Chaiyen Pimchai , Wongnate Thanyaporn
Published: November 2020

Background: Aldehyde-deformylating oxygenase (ADO) is a non-heme di-iron enzyme that catalyzes deformylation of aldehydes to generate alkanes/alkenes. In this study, we report for the first time that under anaerobic or limited oxygen conditions, Prochlorococcus marinus (PmADO) can generate full-length fatty alcohols from fatty aldehydes without eliminating a carbon unit. Results: Unlike the native activity of ADO which requires electrons from the Fd/FNR electron transfer complex, the aldehyde reduction activity of ADO requires only NADPH. Our results demonstrated that yield of alcohol products can be affected by oxygen concentration and type of aldehyde. Under O2-scant conditions (10-15%), yields of octanol and dodecanol were around 40-60% and could be increased up to 80% under strict anaerobic conditions (>0.0004%). Unexpectedly, Fe2+ cofactor is not involved in the aldehyde reductase activity of PmADO because yields of alcohols obtained from holo- and apo-enzymes were similar under anaerobic conditions. The direct hydride transfer activity of PmADO is highly specific to substrates; NADPH not NADH can be used as a reductant to reduce medium-chain fatty aldehydes (C6-C10) with decanal as the most preferred substrate (the highest kcat/Km value with 98% bioconversion yield). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations was used to identify a binding site of NADPH which is located close to the aldehyde binding site. In the metabolic engineered cells containing PmADO, dual activities of alkane and alcohol production could be detected. Conclusion: The findings reported herein highlight a new activity of PmADO which may be applied as a biocatalyst for industrial synthesis of fatty alcohols in the future.