bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internal Tides at the Coast: Energy Flux of Baroclinic Tides Propagating into the Deep Ocean in the Presence of Supercritical Shelf Topography
Authors: Zemskova Varvara E. , Musgrave Ruth C. , Lerczak James A.
Published: April 2024

The generation of internal tides at coastal margins is an important mechanism for the loss of energy from the barotropic tide. Although some previous studies attempted to quantify energy loss from the barotropic tides into the deep ocean, global estimates are complicated by the coastal geometry and spatially and temporally variable stratification. Here, we explore the effects of supercritical, finite amplitude bottom topography, which is difficult to solve analytically. We conduct a suite of 2D linear numerical simulations of the barotropic tide interacting with a uniform alongshore coastal shelf, representing the tidal forcing by a body force derived from the vertical displacement of the isopycnals by the gravest coastal trapped wave (of which a Kelvin wave is a close approximation). We explore the effects of latitude, topographic parameters, and nonuniform stratification on the baroclinic tidal energy flux propagating into the deep ocean away from the shelf. By varying the pycnocline depth and thickness, we extend previous studies of shallow and infinitesimally thin pycnoclines to include deep permanent pycnoclines. We find that scaling laws previously derived in terms of continental shelf width and depth for shallow and thin pycnoclines generally hold for the deeper and thicker pycnoclines considered in this study. We also find that baroclinic tidal energy flux is more sensitive to topographic than stratification parameters. Interestingly, we find that the slope of the shelf itself is an important parameter but not the width of the continental slope in the case of these steep topographies.

Significance Statement

The objective of this study is to better understand how vertical density stratification, which can vary seasonally in the ocean, affects the interaction of tides with steep coastal topography and the generation of waves that travel away from the coast in the ocean interior. These waves in the interior can travel over long distances, carrying energy offshore into the deep ocean. Our results suggest that the amount of energy in these internal waves is more sensitive to changes in topography and latitude than to the vertical density profile. The scaling laws found in this study suggest which parameters are important for calculating global estimates of the energy lost from the tide to the ocean interior at the coastal margins.
Thoughts on Studying Anti-Asian Pacific Islander Desai American+ Hate Since COVID-19
Authors: Cheng Cliff
Published: April 2024

This article begins to provide social scientists new to studying anti-Asian Pacific Islander Desai American (APIDA)+ hate with some basic background. What to call, and the implications of the name of the group being studied are discussed. A definition of hate is discussed. A brief summary of COVID-19 anti-APIDA+ hate is provided. We will then discuss how the overemphasis on then U.S. President Donald Trump’s role, while central, has ignored the actual socio-historical facts. The importance of using journalism in studying current cases and trends of hate is discussed. The possible negative consequences for researchers of studying hate are discussed in the context of the current political divisiveness in the U.S. Resources for studying anti-APIDA+ hate and discrimination are provided. 20 key dates pertaining to anti-APIDA+ hate and discrimination are provided.
The Effect of COVID-19 on Rib Fracture Patients in Michigan
Authors: Eickholtz Allie , Mormol Jeremy , Kelley Jesse , Mangione Madi , Pounders Steffen , Groseclose Ryan , Lypka Matthew , Gibson Charles , Chapman Alistair , Chadwick Cathryn , Krech Laura
Published: April 2024

This study aims to compare outcomes of rib fracture patients with and without COVID-19 in Michigan. Data from the Michigan Trauma Quality Improvement Program (MTQIP) identified adults hospitalized from January 1, 2020, to October 31, 2022, with at least one rib fracture and a completed COVID-19 test on admission. Patients were propensity score matched 1:1 using 20 variables. The primary outcome was hospital length of stay (LOS). Secondary outcomes were mortality, ventilator days, intensive care unit (ICU) LOS, pneumonia, and ventilator-assisted pneumonia (VAP). 13,305 total patients were identified. 232 patients matched into both the COVID+ and COVID− groups. COVID was associated with increased LOS (7 days vs. 5 days, P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the two groups when evaluating secondary outcomes. Our study indicates that although COVID-19 infection is associated with increased LOS, COVID may not contribute to additional morbidity or mortality in traumatic rib fracture patients.
Impact of Language Congruence on Patient Outcomes Following Gastrostomy Tube Insertion
Authors: Motta Monique , Savage Margaret , Garapaty Nikitha , Samuels Shenae , Parreco Joshua P. , Levene Tamar
Published: April 2024

Inadequate health literacy poses a significant public health challenge, influencing patient treatment adherence and outcomes. This study explores outcomes in the setting of language congruence at the time of discharge for pediatric patients following laparoscopic gastrostomy tube insertion. We conducted a retrospective chart review from 2019 to 2022 at a community children’s hospital, including 168 patients categorized based on language congruence. Although trends did suggest increased ER visits among Spanish-speaking patients, there were no statistically significant differences in health care utilization or patient outcomes identified. Further larger studies are needed for a comprehensive analysis of the relationship of language congruence at discharge on outcomes following surgical procedures as this may enable delivery of culturally competent medical care.
Ovarian Salvage With Prompt Surgical Intervention for Adnexal Torsion: Does Timing Matter?
Authors: Avila Azalia , Motta Monique , Schechter David , Samuels Shenae , Jaramillo Ingry , Whitehouse Jill , Neville Holly L. , Levene Tamar
Published: April 2024

Background

Adnexal torsion requires treatment to limit ischemic injury and tissue loss. Optimal time to surgical intervention has not been established. We compared outcomes of ovarian loss amongst pediatric patients.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of 88 patients with adnexal torsion from March 2014 through April 2021. Rates of ovarian loss were compared for patients who underwent surgery within and beyond 60 minutes from diagnosis.

Results

Most patients underwent surgery more than 60 minutes from the time of diagnosis (83%; median time 116 minutes). Comparing patients with and without ovarian loss, there was no statistically significant difference in time to surgery from time of diagnosis ( P = .618). Patients with ovarian loss had a longer duration of symptoms (24 vs 96 hours; P = .017).

Conclusions

While surgical repair of adnexal torsion may be urgent, this study suggests that duration of symptoms should be considered when assessing a patient’s likelihood of ovarian loss.
Robotic Biliary Resection for Type I Choledochal Cyst With Dual Hepaticojejunostomy
Authors: Christodoulou Maria , Pattilachan Tara , Ross Sharona , Peek George , Sucandy Iswanto
Published: April 2024

The distal bile duct was isolated and transected with a frozen section examination confirming the absence of malignancy. Attention was then shifted to constructing a 60 cm Roux limb by first identifying and transecting the proximal jejunum 40 cm from the ligamentum of Treitz. A side-to-side stapled jejunojejunostomy anastomosis was completed. The Roux limb was transposed toward the porta hepatis through an antecolic approach.
A Supportive Culture Maintains General Surgery Wellness
Authors: Quinn Kristen M. , Siegel Julie B. , Abbott Andrea M.
Published: April 2024

Social restrictions during the pandemic required creative solutions for incorporating interns into a demanding residency, building relationships, and fostering resiliency. We hypothesized that resident-driven initiatives focused on inclusion would overcome a lack of in-person events. An anonymous survey was administered to all surgery residents to assess burnout pre- and post-wellness interventions. Assessment scores were analyzed with Mann-U Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The surveys were completed by 71.6% (n = 53) and 48.6% (n = 36) of residents, respectively, and demonstrated high metrics for wellness measures. There were no significant differences on the 6-month post-assessment, suggesting interventions preserved high ratings. The PGY1 subgroup demonstrated improvement in the ability to identify a faculty mentor ( P < .01) and had reduced burnout measures ( P < .05). Surgical resident wellness is not dependent on department-wide gatherings; rather, resident-driven interventions in the workspace and intimate social support demonstrated an impact on wellness and reduced burnout.
Obesity and Associated Outcomes for Blunt vs Penetrating Mechanism in Trauma Laparotomy Patients
Authors: Hodges Zachary H. , Bright Michael , Carpenter Anne-Marie , Neal Daniel W. , Vanzant Erin L. , Johnson-Mann Crystal N. , Taylor Jessica E.
Published: April 2024

Obesity in trauma patients is an established risk factor contributing to postoperative complications, but the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and trauma patient outcomes is not well-defined, especially when stratified by mechanism of injury. We surveyed the trauma laparotomy registry at an academic level 1 trauma center over a 3-year period to identify mortality, injury severity score, and hospital length of stay (hLOS) outcome measures across BMI classes, with further stratification by mechanism of injury: blunt vs penetrating trauma. A total of 442 patients were included with mean age 44.6 (SD = 18.7) and mean BMI 28.55 (SD = 7.37). These were subdivided into blunt trauma (n = 313) and penetrating trauma (n = 129). Within the blunt trauma subgroup, the hLOS among patients who survived hospitalization significantly increased 9% for each successive BMI class ( P = .022, 95% CI = 1.29-17.5). We conclude that successive increase in BMI class is associated with longer hospital stay for blunt trauma patient survivors requiring laparotomy, though additional analysis is needed to establish this relationship to other outcome measures and among penetrating trauma patients.
Rarely Seen Compartment Syndrome of the Shoulder and Back: Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Fabien Jamesa , Burgess Ciara , Taylor Douglas , Hill Raven , Antoine Andreya , Woolery Samantha , Agyekum-Yamoah Archibald , Meyer Courtney , Dougherty Stacy , Nguyen Jonathan , Smith Randi , Sciarretta Jason , Todd S. Rob , Castater Christine
Published: April 2024

Compartment syndrome (CS) is a well-known surgical emergency with high morbidity including potential long-term disability and limb loss. The most important factor determining the degree of morbidity with CS is time to treatment; therefore, early diagnosis and surgery are vital. We present a patient who fell off his bicycle and sustained cervical spine fractures causing near complete quadriplegia. He was found by the road over 12 hours later, so his creatine phosphokinase (CPK) was trended and serial examinations were performed. We identified tight deltoid, trapezius, and latissimus compartments and brought him to the operating room for fasciotomies. Although lab values and compartment pressures can be helpful, they should not guide treatment. It is important to consider atypical sites for CS and complete a head to toe physical examination. Patients should proceed to the operating room if clinical suspicion exists for CS because of the morbidity associated with a missed diagnosis.
Vitamin C and Thiamin Deficiencies in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic and Robotic Gastric Band Removal
Authors: Bonatti Hugo J.R. , Frushour Cheryl , George Aaron
Published: April 2024

Outcomes after adjustable gastric banding (AGB) were unsatisfactory and many devices need to be removed for dysphagia. Vitamin C and thiamin deficiency are rare conditions in industrialized countries. Patients undergoing AGB removal (90% for dysphagia) from 2021 to 2023 (laparoscopic 15 and robotic 5) were tested for vitamin C and thiamin levels. Twenty patients (8 m/12 f median aged 56 (range 33.6-79.4) were included. BMI at AGB removal was 39.7 (range 24.4-50.1) kg/m2. Only 20% of patients had normal thiamin levels, 30% had low levels, 20% were deficient, and 30% were critically low. Only 25% of patients had normal vitamin C levels, 40% had low levels, 25% were deficient, and 10% were critically low. One third of patients had HbA1c levels between 5.8 and 6.4 and 22% had levels >6.5; 60% of patients had hyperlipidemia. Adjustable gastric banding patients develop concerning rates of vitamin C and thiamin deficiency, and routine testing for levels is recommended.
Two-Dimensional (2D) Hybrid Method: Expanding 2D Correlation Spectroscopy (2D-COS) for Time Series Analysis
Authors: Kovačević Andjelka B.
Published: April 2024

We present a concise report on the two-dimensional (2D) hybrid method, an innovative extension of 2D correlation spectroscopy, tailored for quasar light curve analysis. Addressing the challenge of discerning periodic variations against the background of intrinsic “red” noise fluctuations, this method employs cross-correlation of wavelet transform matrices to reveal distinct correlation patterns between underlying oscillations, offering new insights into quasar dynamics.
Digital Platform Grafting: Strategies for Entering Established Ecosystems
Authors: Björkdahl Joakim , Holgersson Marcus , Teece David J.
Published: April 2024

Digital platforms are often characterized as enablers of new ecosystems. However, platforms are sometimes introduced into pre-existing ecosystems, where a platform’s ability to harmonize with the ecosystem is critical for its success. This article draws on the case of digital healthcare platforms and introduces the concept of platform grafting, which denotes the process of integrating a new platform into a pre-existing ecosystem, leading to a coevolutionary process of adapting both the platform and the surrounding ecosystem. Dynamic capabilities are critical for successfully integrating the platform into the ecosystem, and this article provides a capabilities framework for understanding platform grafting.
Examining Homicides, Victims, Socioeconomic Context, and Weather Conditions in Mexico Through Spatio-Temporal Dimensions
Authors: Trejo Karla , Carrillo-Brenes Francisco , Vilches-Blázquez Luis M. , Salat Ramón
Published: April 2024

Mexico has steadily increased homicide rates over the past few decades. To better understand this phenomenon, we examine homicides, victims, socioeconomic context, and weather conditions by focusing on two critical dimensions of crimes: space and time. We implement diverse regression models considering spatial (Geographically Weighted Regression) and spatio-temporal (Geographical and Temporal Weighted Regression) perspectives. These models are compared to general linear regression models (Ordinary Least Squares Regression, Generalized Least Squares, and Weighted Least Squares). Our findings highlight the importance of specific socioeconomic factors (e.g., educational backwardness, food insecurity, or poor-quality housing) and weather conditions in accounting for differences in homicides and victims. Furthermore, our experiments demonstrate that spatio-temporal models provide a better fit compared to general regression models. Our results provide valuable insights into the issue of homicides in Mexico. This work can help perform evidence-based interventions and policy-making at national and state levels. The outcomes emphasize the necessity of addressing socioeconomic disparities and considering weather conditions when tackling homicide issues in Mexico.
The spread of participatory budgeting: Procedural diversity, municipal context, and electoral drivers in the Belgian context
Authors: Jacquet Vincent , Minsart Elisa , Dodeigne Jérémy
Published: April 2024

Public participation is a popular mantra in contemporary governance. Participatory mechanisms have been analysed extensively. The systematic study of how, where and why public authorities implement them is, however, under researched. The paper aims to fill this gap by focusing on participatory budgeting (PB) processes in the Belgian context (Wallonia and Brussels). First, we critically assess the ‘participatory’ feature of PB by comparing who decides in such processes. Second, we identify the contextual and political factors that trigger the establishment of PB. Findings suggest that PB has become a widely diffused institutional practice for authorities with different ideological orientations and across different municipal contexts. However, the way the participatory ideal is put into practice reveals distinct dynamics. In some cases, the use of the participatory rhetoric is a way to requalify an old practice without significantly transforming how the budget is allocated. Overall, this study seeks to offer a better understanding of the integration of democratic innovations in contemporary governance.

Points for practitioners

The paper unveils the diversity of practice behind the label ‘participatory budgeting’. It provides a new typology of PB processes by focusing on the decision phase. It offers a systematic study of PB establishment in the Belgian context by analysing the role of municipal context, ideology and the electoral drivers.
Avoidance of causality outside experiments: Hypotheses from cognitive dissonance reduction
Authors: Höfler Michael , Giesche Alexander
Published: April 2024

The avoidance of causality in the design, analysis and interpretation of non-experimental studies has often been criticised as an untenable scientific stance, because theories are based on causal relations (and not associations) and a rich set of methodological tools for causal analysis has been developed in recent decades. Psychology researchers (n = 106 with complete data) participated in an online study presenting a causal statement about the results of a fictitious paper on the potential effect of drinking clear water for years on the risk of dementia. Two randomised groups of participants were then asked to reflect on the conflict between the goal of approaching a causal answer and the prevailing norm of avoiding doing so. One of the two groups was also instructed to think about possible benefits of addressing causality. Both groups then responded to a list of 19 items about attitudes to causal questions in science. A control group did this without reflecting on conflict or benefits. Free-text assessments were also collected during reflection, giving some indication of how and why causality is avoided. We condense the exploratory findings of this study into five new hypotheses about the how and why, filtered through what can be explained by cognitive dissonance reduction theory. These concern the cost of addressing causality, the variety of ways in which dissonance can be reduced, the need for profound intervention through teaching and social aspects. Predictions are derived from the hypotheses for confirmation trials in future studies and recommendations for teaching causality. Open data are provided for researchers’ own analyses.
Influence of contextual factors on match running performance of starters and non-starters in elite youth male soccer players
Authors: Gonçalves Luiz Guilherme , Nobari Hadi , Rites Alex Ambrosio , Nakamura Fábio Yuzo , Garcia Gabriel Rodrigues , Aquino Rodrigo
Published: April 2024

This study investigated the effects of match location, quality of opposition (classified into: strong [1st to 4th position]; intermediate [5th to 15th position]; weak [16th to 20th position]), and match outcome on the match running performance of starters and non-starters from a top elite Brazilian soccer team. Absolute measures were calculated using total distance, high-speed (19.8–25.2 km·h−1), sprinting (≥ 25.2 km·h−1), total distance high-acceleration (> 2m·s2 ), and deceleration (< −2m·s2) were recorded by GPS units from a sample of young soccer players ( N = 25) in a total of 17 matches. Relative measures were calculated by dividing absolute measures by the total duration of the matches. Non-starters covered greater total distance ( p = 0.02), sprinting ( p = 0.02), high-acceleration and deceleration ( p = 0.04), sprinting distance relative per minute played ( p = 0.005), and high-acceleration and deceleration relative per minute played ( p < 0.001) when the team plays at home, strong opponents, and wins the matches. Starters covered greater total distance in high-speed running ( p = 0.04), high-acceleration and deceleration ( p = 0.03), and high-speed running relative per minute played ( p = 0.04) when the team plays strong opponents and wins the matches. These findings highlight the impact of contextual factors during matches on the locomotor performance of young soccer players.
Guaranteed-performance consensus for multi-agent systems with Lipschitz nonlinearity
Authors: Yan Ke-Xing , Han Tao , Xiao Bo , Zhan Xi-Sheng , Yan Huaicheng
Published: April 2024

This paper mainly addresses the guaranteed-performance consensus problem of multi-agent systems (MASs), under the energy constraints and Lipschitz nonlinear dynamics. First, to reach consensus under energy constraints, the consensus protocol and the quadratic performance function are proposed. Afterward, by using the properties of nonsingular transformation matrix and Lipschitz’s nonlinear representation, the consensus function conditions are expressed. Moreover, considering the guaranteed-performance cost, this paper designs the quadratic performance function derived from the Riccati inequality and Lyapunov–Krasovskii theorem. Eventually, numerical simulations are implemented to validate the theoretical results.
The influence of religiosity on food choice among British Muslims: A qualitative study
Authors: Owais Umama , Patel Riya , Abbott Sally
Published: April 2024

Background: Religiosity is known to have a socio-cultural influence on food choice. However, to date, research exploring the influence of Islam on food selection has almost exclusively focused on fasting during Ramadan and has not explored the influences of Islam on everyday food choices among Muslim people. Aim: This qualitative study explored the influence of Islamic religiosity on everyday food choices among Muslim people. Methods: Thirty-two adult participants residing in the United Kingdom ( n = 16 faith leaders and n = 16 lay Muslim people) were recruited from three Sunni mosques, and data was collected using semi-structured interviews. The data was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis and a constant comparison method was applied to draw out similarities and differences between faith leaders and lay Muslim people. Results: The results revealed that Islamic religiosity had an influence over food choice with two main overarching themes 1) Demonstrating religious obedience through food choices and, 2) Spheres of influence on food choice; and five sub-themes 1a) Trusting in familiar food providers, 1b) Verification of halal authenticity, 1c) Seeking purity within food, 2a) The Prophet Muhammed (Peace Be Upon Him) as a role model for food choice and, 2b) Islamic jurisprudence. Conclusion: These findings provide important insights into the influence of Islam on food choice and could be used support the design of faith-informed dietary interventions among Muslim people. Further research is required to examine the role of faith-informed dietary intervention in the Muslim community.
Capture land as abolition geography: The mutuality of placemaking and flight
Authors: Goffe Rachel
Published: April 2024

Capture land is a Jamaican colloquialism for land that is (or is presumed to be) occupied without the authorization of the landowner. Working through two quotes, “just to make life for a time,” and, “we’ve always been here,” this article examines how the practice of capture indexes abolitionist spatial practices of varied temporalities: rooted in belonging to place, but also alighting provisionally. Through ethnographic research, this article reveals the use of capture for both placemaking and flight, parallel but in tension with the fixity and fluidity inhered in the liberal property regime. Compared with earlier ethnographies of land tenure in Jamaica, this points to an epistemology that is less preoccupied by ownership. What takes primacy is the care for generations of plants, children, rebels, and futures unfolding through “the plot” and its multiple agendas—sustenance (plot of land), refusal (plot to rebel) and the plotting of alternate futures. While here emerges through the spatiotemporalities of life in the interstices of racial capitalism, it also challenges us to reimagine how to think land after colonialism and beyond property. From here, we might imagine simultaneity of apparently discrepant temporalities of Black freedom dreams and speculate on the spacetimes of “freedom is a place.”
Effectively implementing knowledge management strategy through structure and support
Authors: Provitera Michael , Sayyadi Mostafa
Published: April 2024

There is a growing interest in corporate structure and knowledge management. JPMorgan’s hard-charging chief executive, Jamie Dimon, has been quietly telling senior managers that he expects the mega-bank’s rank and file to be in their seats at the office 5 days a week. While Goldman Sachs, demanded well over a year ago that everyone return to its offices in downtown Manhattan 5 days a week. This comes in the recent wake of layoffs at the investment bank. Thus, effective implementations of cultural adaptation, and change, are a result of the organization’s knowledge management strategy and how they manage remote work. However, this is not the case due to the current status of remote work, the mystery of inertia often sets in, and many organizations go awry. There are unanswered questions regarding the lack of alignment of the corporate structure with the knowledge management strategy and these questions have caused initiatives to stop organizational knowledge to be effectively managed. We propose that an effective alignment between the corporate structure and the knowledge management strategy needs to be a direct connection between the upper echelon of the organization and its stakeholders. A vibrant corporate structure includes all the departments of the organization to effectively serve the objectives of the knowledge management strategy. The structure of this article will address how organizations can ensure that there is an alignment between the corporate structure and the knowledge management strategy. These findings come from our interviews with 81 senior managers in Australia and the UAE.
HeLiPR: Heterogeneous LiDAR dataset for inter-LiDAR place recognition under spatiotemporal variations
Authors: Jung Minwoo , Yang Wooseong , Lee Dongjae , Gil Hyeonjae , Kim Giseop , Kim Ayoung
Published: April 2024

Place recognition is crucial for robot localization and loop closure in simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), known for its robust sensing capabilities and measurement consistency even in varying illumination conditions, has become pivotal in various fields, surpassing traditional imaging sensors in certain applications. Among various types of LiDAR, spinning LiDARs are widely used, while non-repetitive scanning patterns have recently been utilized in robotics applications. Some LiDARs provide additional measurements such as reflectivity, Near Infrared (NIR), and velocity from Frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) LiDARs. Despite these advances, there is a lack of comprehensive datasets reflecting the broad spectrum of LiDAR configurations for place recognition. To tackle this issue, our paper proposes the HeLiPR dataset, curated especially for place recognition with heterogeneous LiDARs, embodying spatiotemporal variations. To the best of our knowledge, the HeLiPR dataset is the first heterogeneous LiDAR dataset supporting inter-LiDAR place recognition with both non-repetitive and spinning LiDARs, accommodating different field of view (FOV)s and varying numbers of rays. The dataset covers diverse environments, from urban cityscapes to high-dynamic freeways, over a month, enhancing adaptability and robustness across scenarios. Notably, HeLiPR dataset includes trajectories parallel to MulRan sequences, making it valuable for research in heterogeneous LiDAR place recognition and long-term studies. The dataset is accessible at https://sites.google.com/view/heliprdataset .
Application of radiomics in ischemic stroke
Authors: Yang Jie , Cai Huabo , Liu Ning , Huang Jiajie , Pan Yun , Zhang Bo , Tong Minfeng , Zhang Zhongheng
Published: April 2024

In recent years, radiomics has emerged as a novel research methodology that plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke. By integrating multimodal medical imaging techniques such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, radiomics offers in-depth insights into aspects such as the extent of brain tissue damage and hemodynamics. These data help physicians to accurately assess patient condition, select optimal treatment strategies, and predict recovery trajectories and long-term prognoses, thereby enhancing treatment efficacy and reducing the risk of complications. With the anticipated further advancements in radiomic technology, this methodology has great potential for expanded applications in the early detection, treatment, and prognosis of ischemic stroke. The present narrative review explores the burgeoning field of radiomics and its transformative impact on ischemic stroke.
Planning Application for Mobility Assessment of Intersection Forms in Intersection Control Evaluation
Authors: Rouphail Nagui M. , Cesme Burak , Schroeder Bastian
Published: April 2024

The use of alternative intersections and interchanges (AIIs) has proliferated significantly over the past two decades. Their introduction is motivated by the need to improve mobility and safety at conventional signalized and unsignalized intersections. This paper presents a mobility assessment component of the intersection control evaluation (ICE). The focus of this component was to develop a planning application and computational tools for the Stage II mobility analysis that can fill the current gap in coverage of the diverse (and expanding) suite of AIIs. The design of the tool prioritized the simultaneous analysis of multiple AIIs within the same platform using a common input dataset. This feature of the tool guarantees that alternative forms can be compared side-by-side under the same set of inputs and parameter assumptions using overall system delay as the key performance measure. In addition, the research developed a framework and movement definition scheme that enables the extension of the current platform to accommodate new and yet to be conceived innovative intersection forms. A comparison against two widely used commercial analytical platforms yielded virtually identical system delays and level of service ratings across 17 case studies covering eight different AII forms and under varying intersection congestion levels. The maximum system delay difference between the two methods was about 5 s, with an average absolute difference of less than 2.5 s. Future work will focus on expanding the tool to unsignalized versions of AIIs along with new and innovative forms that appear on the horizon.
Analyzing the Performances and Efficiencies of European Electric Vehicles in the European Union Market Using Decision Analysis Methods
Authors: Gökgöz Fazıl , Yalçın Engin
Published: April 2024

Concerns about the environment have grown worldwide as carbon emissions, one of the primary drivers of global warming, continue to rise. As the transportation industry is one of the most greenhouse-gas-emitting sectors in the European Union (EU), the need for environmentally friendly solutions has been increasing progressively. In this regard, electric vehicles (EVs) play an important part in mitigating some of the adverse effects of road transportation on human health, the environment, and climate. Therefore, the popularity of electric vehicles in the EU has recently increased significantly because of climate change mitigation efforts. In this paper, we aim to analyze and compare the performance of European EVs with multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods, namely preference selection index (PSI) and axial-distance-based aggregated measurement (ADAM) techniques, which do not need the criteria weights for measurement and a novel three-dimensional evaluation technique. The results of both MCDM methods reveal that the EVs of the Tesla Inc. and Geely Group models are found to be the best-performing vehicles. We also investigate the efficiency of the European EV market by the super-efficiency data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique, which enables us to evaluate among efficient units. The efficiency scores indicate that five EVs from three different manufacturer groups obtain efficiency levels. To the best of our knowledge, European EV market evaluation by integrated and comparative analysis has not been encountered for the EU on a group basis. The suggested MCDM and DEA techniques can benefit stakeholders while assessing the European EV market.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Potential for Electrifying Transportation Network Companies in Toronto
Authors: Saleh Marc , Yamanouchi Shoma , Hatzopoulou Marianne
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the spatial and temporal patterns of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transportation network companies (TNCs) in Toronto, Canada. TNC services primarily consist of short-distance trips in the central business district. Deadheading—driving without passengers—contributes 40% of TNC GHG emissions, and part-time drivers had a higher deadheading proportion than full-time drivers. Pooled TNC trips account for 10% of total trips, and just 27% of pooled trips resulted in multiple passengers sharing a vehicle on the same route. The GHG implications of pooled trips were compared with other TNC services and with a consumer driving their own private vehicle, through the estimation of median trip emission intensities of each TNC service in grams of CO2eq per passenger-km, while accounting for deadheading. Non-pooled internal combustion engine (ICE) ride-hailing trips have a median emission intensity 61% higher than that of a single-occupancy private vehicle. The median emission intensity for a pooled ICE ride-hailing trip is 20% higher than that of driving one’s own vehicle. Vehicle electrification provides a 91% daily GHG emission reduction for this fleet. This reduction is mainly achieved through full-time drivers, who, on average, achieve three times as much GHG savings per electrified vehicle compared with part-time drivers.
Performance Assessment of High Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Asphalt Mixtures with Recycling Agents
Authors: Preciado Jaime , Gulzar Saqib , Castorena Cassie , Underwood Benjamin Shane , Habbouche Jhony , Boz Ilker
Published: April 2024

The increased use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in asphalt mixtures has promoted the use of recycling agents (RAs) to mitigate the effect of oxidized materials on the performance of asphalt mixtures. This laboratory-based study assesses the linear viscoelastic (LVE), cracking resistance, and permanent deformation properties of recycled asphalt mixtures containing RAs. The dosage levels used for this study were determined based on the manufacturer’s recommendation to restore the blended binder system’s low-temperature performance grade (PGL) to −22°C. The study found that blending a performance grade (PG) 64-22 virgin binder with RAs in high RAP mixtures can yield a comparable LVE response to high RAP mixtures designed using a softer binder (PG 58-28). Moreover, the study revealed that the cracking performance of high RAP mixtures could be improved without jeopardizing the rutting potential of the material by using RAs at dosage levels selected to yield a blended binder PGL of −22°C.
Field Evaluation of Yellow Change and Red Clearance Intervals with Subsequent Permissive Left-Turn Flashing Yellow Arrow Indication
Authors: Claros Boris , Chitturi Madhav , Bill Andrea , Tainter Francis , Knodler Michael , Hurwitz David , Noyce David A.
Published: April 2024

The flashing yellow arrow (FYA) indication has become commonly used for communicating permissive left-turn operations to road users. A conventional signal phasing communicated to left-turning drivers consists of a leading protected phase followed by a permissive phase using a FYA indication, often referred to as protected-permissive. To transition from the protected to the permissive phase, change (steady yellow arrow) and clearance (steady red arrow, all-red) intervals, or only a change interval, may be used. There is no specific guidance on the use of clearance intervals for left turns with protected-permissive phase and FYA indication. In this study, field data were collected from different geographical regions in the United States to evaluate change and clearance intervals with the objective of developing guidance. Video data were recorded at 37 intersections during peak hours, for approximately 142 h, across eight states. Overall, 4,001 observations of vehicles turning left during the change or clearance interval were analyzed. Field observations were evaluated at the approach level to assess left-turn violation rate and violations per cycle as a function of change and clearance interval configuration. At the individual vehicle level, logistic regression was implemented to evaluate the effect of change interval and clearance interval duration, delayed onset of FYA, and regional variation. The results of the analysis at the approach and individual vehicle level were consistent and indicate that: (i) a clearance interval should be included, (ii) delaying the onset of FYA indication with an extension beyond the all-red clearance interval would reduce left-turn signal violations, and (iii) duration of change intervals has a marginal impact on left-turn signal violations.
Recycled milled fibres in sustainable composite materials: A comprehensive review and future prospects
Authors: Elango Indhumathi , Henderson Luke C , Arumugam Vellayaraj
Published: April 2024

This comprehensive review emphasises recycled milled fibres’ sustainability, waste reduction, and cost savings in aerospace applications. The industrialization and prospective uses of recycled fibre-reinforced plastics FRP products, as well as cutting-edge fibre recycling and re-manufacturing processes, are discussed. The mechanical properties of milled fibre composites are reviewed for sustainable applications. A desire for a circular economy is transforming composites to reduce waste and promote sustainability. Fibre-reinforced plastics (FRPs) need innovative recycling methods to remain high-performance and environmentally friendly. Strategies to help the composites industry meet rising demand and strict environmental regulations are explored. Manufacturing of composite recycling conserves energy and materials, making it sector-wide. Due to the reclamation process impacting their performance milled fibres are typically not used for primary structural materials and are relegated to low-value applications. Therefore, the rigorous testing and qualification of these fibres, and their composites, is required. This will provide confidence in these materials' performance benefits and limitations and provide industry-wide uptake. The lack of a centralised body of knowledge on milled fibre applications is also addressed, and an overview of R&D efforts, along with financial and logistical considerations for industrial implementation, is provided in the review.
Health risk assessment and prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among the aged brick molders, in India
Authors: Das Banibrata
Published: April 2024

The Brickfield Industry is the major and oldest informal industry in India, where millions of brickfield workers make their livelihood. Aged brickfield workers are also involved in different activities in the brickfield, especially in brick mold activities owing to poor socioeconomic conditions. A cross-sectional study was designed to determine the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among the aged brick molders and compare them with aged control subjects. A Nordic Questionnaire was applied to assess the discomfort felt among both groups of workers and the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method was used to evaluate posture during their job. The RULA posture analysis showed that the posture adopted by aged brick molders required changes immediately. The result of the ART tool also stated that the brick molding activities’ exposure level was high and required further investigation urgently. The study concluded that due to working in a forward bending posture for a prolonged period, aged brickmolders suffered from severe low back and knee pain along with upper-limb disorders due to repetitive activities.
Providing Rental Housing: A Systematic Literature Review of Residential Rental Property Owner Decision Making
Authors: Cook Taylor Michelle , Rongerude Jane , Mueller Elisabeth , Kuhlmann Daniel
Published: April 2024

Despite the central role that landlords, or residential rental property owners (RRPOs), play in housing, important areas of RRPO decision making are not well understood. Because of the importance of RRPOs in the housing system, gaps in our knowledge leave planners at a disadvantage when creating policies to improve housing stability for tenants. This article is a comprehensive, interdisciplinary literature review of RRPO characteristics and behavior framed around three decision points: career lifecycle, portfolio maintenance and development, and property operations. This review ends with suggestions for an RRPO-focused research agenda that supports urban resiliency and housing stability for renters.
Examining Individual and Contextual Correlates of Victimization for Juvenile Human Trafficking in Florida
Authors: de Vries Ieke , Baglivio Michael , Reid Joan A.
Published: April 2024

Despite extant literature on individual-level risk factors for sex trafficking among children and adolescents, little is known about the impact of social and ecological contexts on risk of human trafficking victimization. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlates signaling risk of human trafficking victimization at the individual, family, social, and community levels utilizing a sample of 40,531 justice-involved male and female youth, a small fraction of whom were suspected or verified victims of human trafficking between 2011 and 2015 ( N = 801, including 699 female and 102 male youth). Using this sample, we examined differences across individual, family, social, and community characteristics of youth involved in the juvenile justice system who have a history of trafficking victimization and youth without such histories. Series of logistic regression analyses were conducted using varying control groups, created through exact matching and randomized matching groups to address sample imbalances. These analyses indicate that, at the individual level, youth who had experienced childhood adversities were more likely to report human trafficking victimization. Sex differences were found regarding risk factors pertaining to the family and broader socio-ecological contexts. Female youth who had witnessed family violence had an antisocial partner or antisocial friends, or resided in a community with a greater proportion of the population being foreign-born or speaking English less than very well were at heightened risk for human trafficking victimization. Little evidence was found for community-level risk factors of victimization in this specific sample of justice-involved youth. These findings encourage more research to unpack the multilevel correlates of victimizations at the individual, family, social, and community levels, recognizing potential differences between female and male youth regarding the factors that put them at heightened risk for juvenile sex trafficking victimizations. Practice and policy should direct awareness and prevention measures to social and ecological contexts.
High-temperature resistance quartz-fabric/phthalonitrile composite with excellent waving-transmitting performance
Authors: Wu Yuane , Huang Yifan , Shi Xinyue , Sha Xiaohan , Li Song
Published: April 2024

This study reports the fabrication of quartz fabric reinforced phthalonitrile composite possessing good thermal and wave-transmitting properties. Phthalonitrile-terminated oligomer PN-SF curing behavior was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic rheological analysis (DRA), revealing a good processability pre-curing temperature of only 175°C. The thermoset exhibited the 5% loss temperature about 462°C, and after the temperature rising to 400°C and 400°C/2 h aging, the weight loss was only 10%, indicating that the resulting thermoset possessed outstanding thermal property. Moreover, the resulting thermosets possessed extremely high glass transition temperature (Tg) about 420°C. Besides, the quartz fabric/phthalonitrile composite possessed extremely excellent mechaical properties. Importantly, the transmission efficiencies can reach 87% at a certain frequency at the incident angle of 0°∼35°, indicating its well waving-transmitting performance. Meanwhile, the composite exhibited stable and relatively low dielectric constant and dielectric loss at the range of 12∼18 GHz. This study can serve as a basis for rapid evaluation of the high heat resistance and waving-transmitting phthalonitrile resin-based composite in various application environments.
A matrix-based method for synthesizing planetary gear trains to facilitate the creation of transmission systems
Authors: Yang Wenjian , Li Yongtao , Kang Hongmei , Ding Huafeng
Published: April 2024

The structural synthesis of planetary gear trains (PGTs) lays an important foundation for creating new mechanisms of transmission systems. Most existing studies focused on the synthesis of single degree-of-freedom (DOF) PGTs, while the synthesis of multi-DOF PGTs is very limited. This paper presents a matrix-based method for the automatic synthesis of non-fractionated PGTs with both single and multiple DOFs. First, the concept of a modified dual graph is proposed, based on which a new and simple method is presented to efficiently detect fractionated graphs. Then, the concepts of vertex adjacency index and moment matrix are defined, and a reliable algorithm is proposed to detect isomorphic graphs. Finally, a matrix-based method for the automatic synthesis of non-fractionated PGTs is presented, and the complete databases of non-fractionated PGTs with 3–9 links and 1–3 DOFs are generated for the first time. The creative design of mechanisms of 6-speed automatic transmission (AT) is taken for instance to illustrate how to design new transmission systems based on our databases.
Wheel-rail contact wear analysis on curved lubricated track for heavy haul locomotive studies
Authors: Sun Yan Quan , Spiryagin Maksym , Wu Qing , Cole Colin
Published: April 2024

The effect of lubrications on a curved track to heavy-haul wheel-rail contact wear is studied. To analyse wheel-rail contact wear damage due to existing high-adhesive AC locomotive, a methodology for investigation is proposed, and the locomotive models are required to run at 20 km/h under maximum traction efforts, and the simulations include a DC locomotive for comparison. An extended creep force model, which was developed by Polach and has been widely used for the wheel-rail contacts under dry and wet conditions with variable friction coefficients, is further extended to apply for the typical low-coefficient-friction modifier, oil, and grease lubricant conditions. The wear models from two pairs of wheel-rail materials are used to predict the wear rates, and the wear numbers Tγ are presented for discussions. The simulations show that the lubricants significantly reduce the wheel-rail contact wear.