bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospective evaluation study on the benefit of the simultaneous detection of seven sexually transmitted pathogens for the clinical management of patients suffering from sexually transmitted diseases
Authors: Wendt Nicole , Tittelbach Jörg , Grimm Marc-Oliver , Scheungraber Cornelia , Löffler Bettina , Baier Michael , Karrasch Matthias
Published: February 2019

Background

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) represent a growing relevant public health problem. Early and accurate STI diagnosis is capable of preventing the spread and severe complications of curable STIs through pathogen adapted antibiotic treatment regimens. Limitations of current STI diagnostic tools are the lack of simultaneous pathogen detection and result quantification.

Methods

A prospective analysis of clinical specimens (n=100, from 82 symptomatic patients) from different sites of infections was performed. All samples were processed with multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay Anyplex™ II STI-7, using thermal cycler CFX96™. The Anyplex™ II STI-7 detection assay covers Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), Mycoplasma hominis (MH), Ureaplasma parvum (UP), Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV). STI-7 results were compared to standard methods and transferred to the attending physician for treatment adjustment.

Results

Compared to performed standard method results the assay achieved sensitivities ranging from 90.9% to 100%, respectively, and specificities of 100%, with negative predictive values (NPV) ranging from 98.5% to 100%, respectively, and positive predictive values (PPV) of 100%. The Anyplex™ II STI-7 detection assay measured a Cohen’s kappa of 1.00 for UU/UP, MH, and MG and a Cohen’s κ agreement of 0.95 and 0.96 for NG and CT, respectively.

Conclusions

The Anyplex™ II STI-7 assay can easily be introduced into the microbiological laboratory work flow due to its short hands-on-time and PCR mutiplexity. The simultaneous detection of seven STI pathogens provides a comprehensive profile for each patient, enabling clinicians to decide on best treatment options, decreasing antibiotic misuse and infection spreading risk. The semi-quantitative results enables clinicians to gain a complete package of diagnostic information including disease diagnosis, disease degree severity and treatment monitoring, although. Further clinical studies on this topic are needed.
Prevalence and genotyping of Helicobacter pylori in endoscopic biopsy samples from a Chinese population
Authors: Yu Hao , Mao Yingjia , Cong Lijie , Wang Zhiyong , Zhang Hua , Wang Lei
Published: February 2019

Background:

Helicobacter pyloriinhabit the gastric mucosa of humans and are associated with several gastrointestinal diseases which include gastric cancer, peptic ulcer, chronic gastritis and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.Helicobacter pyloriexhibit a high degree of genetic variability and are associated with its epidemiological, pathological characteristics and dynamics of transmission. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and genetic heterogeneity ofH. pyloriisolated from endoscopic biopsy samples from a Chinese population.

Methods:

Gastric biopsy samples from 86 patients (males, 55; females, 35) who presented to the endoscopic section for various gastrointestinal abnormalities were collected. The samples were subjected to a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and microbial culture for the isolation ofH. pylori. Further, the isolates were subjected to randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis.

Results:

Of the 86 gastric biopsy samples, 61 (70.9%) samples were positive for rapid urease test and 37 (43%) samples (28 from male and nine from female) grewH. pylori. Among the biopsy samples subjected to real-time PCR, 39 (45.3%) samples were found to be positive forH. pylori.The RAPD analysis yielded 15 different patterns (four to 17 different sized fragments per strain). The phylogenetic analysis of RAPD yielded 22 clusters at a similarity level ranging from 63% to 100%. RFLP analysis yielded nine different patterns (two to six different sized fragments per strain). Two major restriction patterns were identified, of which 14 (37.8%) strains forms the most common pattern (genotype I) followed by five (13.5%, genotype II) strains with an intra-strain similarity of 100%.

Conclusions:

The overall prevalence ofH. pyloriwas 45.3%. Despite reports on the declining trend in the prevalence ofH. pyloriinfections, our prevalence rate was still higher than those reported from other developed countries. However, further studies involving a large sample size and covering more regions of China is highly warranted.
Effect of age and gender differences on high-sensitive troponin T measurement in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Isiksacan Nilgun , Biyik Ismail , Opan Selcuk , Caglar Fatma N.T. , Erturk Mehmet , Yazan Serkan , Kasapoglu Pinar , Karabulut Dilay , Kocamaz Nursel , Yildirim Mehmet R. , Baycan Omer F. , Ozalp Begum , Karakurt Huseyin , Akturk Ibrahim F.
Published: February 2019

Background

Cardiac troponins are the recommended markers for the detection of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). There is a controversy regarding their decision limits. In this study, our objective was to reveal the cut-off values of high-sensitive troponin T (hsTnT) for AMI diagnosis in our population and to examine the effect of age and gender on hsTnT cut-off values.

Methods

Patients who presented to the emergency department (ED) with chest pain were selected, and only those patients admitted during the first 3–6 h of symptom onset were included in the study.

Results

A total of 484 men and 182 women were included. A total of 355 (279 men/76 women) patients were diagnosed with AMI. The cut-off values of hsTnT were found to be 17 ng/L and 16 ng/L, for males and females, respectively. The cut-off values of hsTnT were detected to be significantly higher in men over 40 years of age (24 ng/L) than in men less than 40 years of age (10 ng/L).

Conclusions

The cut-off value for the hsTnT test for AMI was slightly lower in females than in males. The cut-off levels of hsTnT for the diagnosis of AMI were found to be significantly higher in men over 40 years of age than in men less than 40 years of age.
Regional hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Fang Hongming , Zhang Yaping , Wu Zhibing , Wang Xiaoyan , Wang Hui , Wang Ying , Chai Feng , Jiang Yiling , Jin Zhongqiang , Wan Yu , Zhu Lucheng , Ma Shenglin
Published: February 2019

Introduction

This study aims to investigate the potential effects of regional hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy (RHCT) as a treatment strategy for advanced gastric cancer (AGC).

Method

118 AGC patients were randomly divided into treatment plans with chemotherapy (CT) alone or with RHCT. The prognostic value of clinicopathologic characteristics was assessed in terms of overall survival of AGC patients.

Results

The disease control rate was determined to be 70.9% and 46.0% for the RHCT and CT group, respectively (P = 0.006). The median survival was determined to be 23.5 months for the RHCT group and 14.0 months for the CT group (P = 0.010). The 3-year survival rate for the RHCT group was 11.4% and 0% for the CT group (P = 0.018). No difference in grade 3 or 4 adverse events was observed between the two groups (P > 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that hyperthermia, disease stage, Glasgow prognostic score, and abdominal metastasis were closely associated with the prognosis of these AGC patients.

Conclusion

The study suggests that combination treatment with RHCT for AGC has clinical potential for both short- and long-term curative effects without compromising toxicity.
Morphological and isokinetic strength differences: bilateral and ipsilateral variation by different sport activity
Authors: Maly Tomas , Mala Lucia , Bujnovsky David , Hank Mikulas , Zahalka Frantisek
Published: February 2019

Background

The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphological and isokinetic strength asymmetry and magnitude in young athletes.

Methods

One hundred and thirty nine male subjects (soccer, floorball, non-athletes) were measured for proportion of muscle mass between upper extremities (BADΔ) and lower extremities (BLDΔ). Moreover, the peak muscle torque of knee extensors (PTE) and flexors (PTF), ipsilateral (H:Q) and bilateral strength ratio (Q:Q, H:H) were measured.

Results

We found significant differences in observed parameters with respect to different sport activities (F = 13.02, p = 0.00,

η
p
2

$\eta^2_p$

= 0.80). Higher values of BADΔ were observed in the non-active (0.19 ± 0.11 kg) group compared with soccer players (0.10 ± 0.11 kg). We found a lower value of BLDΔ in floorball players (0.32 ± 0.11 kg) compared with soccer players (0.58 ± 0.27 kg) and non-active boys (0.63 ± 0.28 kg). Results revealed significantly higher PTE in soccer players compared with non-active boys and floorball players and higher Q:Q ratio in soccer players (10.99 ± 7.75%) compared with non-active boys (7.47 ± 5.92%).

Conclusions

This study revealed that there are morphological and strength asymmetries in the observed groups, which may have potential maladaptive effects (e.g. uncompensated overload of extremity) in athletes affected by specific load.
Radiation stability of phosphine oxide functionalized pillar[5]arenes
Authors: Geng Junshan , Wang Ying , Cai Yimin , Yang Bin , Yuan Lihua , Feng Wen
Published: February 2019

The radiation stability of three phosphine oxide functionalized pillar[5]arenes (POP5A) was studied by an electron accelerator with dose up to 5 MGy in air at room temperature. The structures of both irradiated and unirradiated pillar[5]arenes samples were comparatively characterized by Micro-FTIR, NMR, UV-vis, ESI-HRMS and HPLC techniques. The results revealed different degrees of radiation damage at different doses for POP5A, and the degradation products are mainly composed of organic species containing hydroxyl groups and carbonyl groups. The possible radiolytic degradation pathway was proposed. In addition, extraction of uranyl ion with irradiated POP5A samples was examined. The distribution ratio of uranyl ion was found to increase at low radiation dose and decrease until 3000 kGy. This is the first time that the irradiation stability of pillar[5]arenes derivative extractants has been studied in detail and it provides reliable data support for further application of pillar[5]arenes extractants in practical applications.
The Impact of VAAs on (non-Voting) Aspects of Political Participation: Insights from Panel Data Collected During the 2017 German Federal Elections Campaign
Authors: Manavopoulos Vasilis , Triga Vasiliki , Marschall Stefan , Wurthmann Lucas Constantin
Published: February 2019

Thus far, research on the effects of Voting Advice Applications has focused on some aspects of voting behavior, whether, for example, these online tools impact citizens’ likelihood to vote or their voting choices. Relatively under-researched remain questions concerning the relationship between using VAAs and other forms of engagement with politics, such as involvement in electoral campaigns and information seeking about politics and parties. This paper seeks to examine effects in these behaviors associated with VAA-use employing panel data generated during and after the period of the German Bundestag Federal Election in September, 2017. The data from roughly 1120 participants, sampled to be representative of the German internet users, were collected in four waves, 1 month before the election at the earliest and several weeks following at the latest. We find that VAA-use is positively associated with consuming information about politics through other media (e.g. TV) and other election-related information-seeking activities, such as reading party programmes. On the other hand, we find no statistically significant relationship between VAA-use and interpersonal talk about politics or more active engagement with electoral campaigns such as attending party rallies.
Reflections on habituality across other grammatical categories
Authors: Boneh Nora , Jędrzejowski Łukasz
Published: February 2019

The main aim of this introduction article is to give a general overview of how habituality has been investigated in the literature as a grammatical category. In doing so, we first elaborate on the question of how habituality can be characterized and what difficulties one encounters in determining its properties, which include non-contingent modal event recurrence. A brief discussion of these issues is given in Section 2. Section 3 outlines selected (conceptual and formal) connections between habituality and other grammatical categories. What our observations essentially indicate is that habituality, on the one hand, closely interacts with several TAM categories, most prominently imperfective aspect and its derivatives (progressive, continuative), and also interacts in special ways with modal categories, such as the evidential or the future, on the other hand, we also observe – as has been done previously – that habituality is often not encoded overtly and can be expressed by several forms within one and the same language, and if overtly marked by a dedicated form, diachronically, it is not always stable. Finally, Section 4 summarizes the most relevant findings of the articles collected in the present special issue and highlights their importance for the general discussion about habituality.
Burst Firing and Spatial Coding in Subicular Principal Cells
Authors: Simonnet Jean , Brecht Michael
Published: February 2019

The subiculum is the major output structure of the hippocampal formation and is involved in learning and memory as well as in spatial navigation. Little is known about how neuronal diversity contributes to function in the subiculum. Previously,in vitrostudies have identified distinct bursting patterns in the subiculum. Here, we asked how burst firing is related to spatial codingin vivo. Using juxtacellular recordings in freely moving male rats, we studied the bursting behavior of 102 subicular principal neurons and distinguished two populations: sparsely bursting (∼80%) and dominantly bursting neurons (∼20%). These bursting behaviors were not linked to anatomy: both cell types were found all along the proximodistal and radial axes of the subiculum and all identified cells were pyramidal neurons. However, the distinct burst firing patterns were related to functional differences: the activity of sparsely bursting cells showed a stronger spatial modulation than the activity of dominantly bursting neurons. In addition, all cells classified as boundary cells were sparsely bursting cells. In most sparsely bursting cells, bursts defined sharper firing fields and carried more spatial information than isolated spikes. We conclude that burst firing is functionally relevant to subicular spatially tuned neurons, possibly by serving as a mechanism to transmit spatial information to downstream structures.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe subiculum is the major output structure of the hippocampal formation and is involved in spatial navigation.In vitro, subicular cells can be distinguished by their ability to initiate bursts as brief sequences of spikes fired at high frequencies. Little is known about the relationship between cellular diversity and spatial coding in the subiculum. We performed high-resolution juxtacellular recordings in freely moving rats and found that bursting behavior predicts functional differences between subicular neurons. Specifically, sparsely bursting cells have lower firing rates and carry more spatial information than dominantly bursting cells. Additionally, bursts fired by sparsely bursting cells encoded spatial information better than isolated spikes, indicating that bursts act as a unit of information dedicated to spatial coding.
Employment Before Formulation
Authors: Katzir Shaul
Published: February 2019

The historiography of the principle of energy conservation has concentrated on the formulation of the law by a few individual scientists. This paper turns to the employment of energetic considerations, examining the uses of related arguments in scientific reasoning before the formulation of a well-defined principle. It shows that conceptual ambiguity and a limited formal realm of validity did not prevent the successful employment of such notions to generate novel scientific results. From the late 1810s to the 1840s, researchers including Fresnel, Ampère, Carnot, Roget, Faraday, and Liebig invoked proto-energetic arguments to address particular problems concerning wave optics, electromagnetism, theory of electric batteries, heat motors, and animal heat. Thereby they extended the realm of applicability of arguments based on the conservation of “power” beyond non-frictional mechanical systems, where the conservation of the living forces (vis viva) was accepted in the early nineteenth century; they also furnished scientists a theoretical toolkit with a new powerful method. Their development of proto-energetic arguments as tools for reasoning was an important historical process in itself, which together with other developments led to the emergence of “energy physics.” This history, thus, exemplifies the important role played by practices of reasoning in the formation of scientific laws and principles.
Making a Community of Experts
Authors: Shindell Matthew
Published: February 2019

In the second half of the twentieth century consensus became the language through which scientists and other experts spoke truth to power and provided expert advice for policy making. Historical scholarship on science policy has acknowledged this trend but has not explained how consensus came to play such a large role in the relationship between experts and policy makers. This paper examines two historical case studies from the mid-twentieth century in which consensus was introduced—the failed consensus report experiments of the American Economic Association and the successful establishment of the National Research Council’s consensus studies. These examples demonstrate that consensus was not a natural or obvious choice. Rather, the choice was driven by the growth and definition of the postwar scientific community and its negotiated relationship to the Cold War national security state. In this context, consensus became associated with depersonalized and objective knowledge. As it reinforces the notion of a divide between science and politics, consensus has remained an instrumental part of the relationship between the NRC and its patrons.
Endovascular Repair of Iliac Artery Aneurysms: A Single Center Experience in 10-Years
Authors: Goksel Onur Selcuk , Gok Emre , Onalan Mehmet Akif , Güven Koray , Capar Gazi , Cinar Bayer , Alpagut Ibrahim Ufuk
Published: February 2019

Objectives: Isolated iliac artery aneurysms (IAAs) are rare, but nonetheless life-threatening when ruptured. The endovascular approach has taken over open repairs in time. The reported data is constituted of a retrospective series. We reviewed our 10-year-long experience with elective endovascular treatment of iliac aneurysms.
Methods: Data regarding 22 patients with 24 IAAs treated with endovascular stent grafting between 2005 and 2015 were reviewed.
Results: Twenty-two patients (aged 68.4 ± 9.6 years, range 50-82) with 24 unilateral or bilateral iliac aneurysms were treated. Twenty patients (91%) were male. Two patients with unilateral IAA had prior abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) surgical repair. The mean aneurysm diameter was 4.8 ± 2.1 (3.8 to 7.1) mm. Procedural success rate was 100%, only one patient with an iliovenous fistula had periprocedural type II endoleak. Internal iliac artery coil occlusion was applied in 16 of 24 procedures (66%). Thirty-day mortality included one patient (4%).
Conclusion: Endovascular repair is the preferred approach for isolated IAAs. Because of the retrospective nature of data sets, larger cohorts are necessary for better definition of morbidity and mortality rates.
Survival of Patients with Primary Cardiac Tumors in an 11-Year Single Center Study
Authors: Maimaitiaili Aizezi , Zhang Wei-min , Guo Yong-zhong , Elmaik Doshahar , Tang Nian-he , Zhang Zong-gang
Published: February 2019

Background: Primary cardiac tumors are rare, but few studies have examined the relationship between risk factors and the prognosis. The aim of this study was to provide a survival analysis and risk factors for mortality in patients with primary cardiac tumors.
Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 71 patients diagnosed with primary cardiac tumors from June 2006 to November 2017 in our hospital. Patients’ population characteristics, treatment information, pathology, and follow-up data were obtained and analyzed.
Results: Of the 71 patients, 60 cases were benign, and 11 cases were malignant. Sex, age, New York Heart Association classification, the percentage of peripheral embolism, and surgery had no significant difference between benign and malignant groups (P >.05), but the percentage of arrhythmia, leg edema, and mortality rate was higher in the malignant tumor group than in the benign tumor group (P <.05). Compared with the benign tumor group, the percentage of biatrial lesions in the malignant tumor group was significantly higher (P <.05). Moreover, Independent risk factors included the treatment choice, pathology type, and number of tumor lesions (P <.05).
Conclusion: Our study suggests that conservative therapy, malignant cardiac tumor, and biatrial tumor lesion are independent risk factors for poor prognosis.
Evaluation of the efficacy of Phyllanthus niruri standardized extract combined with magnesium and vitamin B6 for the treatment of patients with uncomplicated nephrolithiasis
Authors: Cealan Alexandru , Coman Radu-Tudor , Simon Vasile , Andras Iulia , Telecan Teodora , Coman Ioan , Crisan Nicolae
Published: February 2019

Introduction. The aim of our study was to assess the efficacy of Phyllanthus niruri standardized extract, combined with magnesium and B6 vitamin, used to treat uncomplicated nephrolithiasis.

Patients and methods. We included in the present study 48 patients with uncomplicated nephrolithiasis, with the maximum calculi diameter of up to 15 mm, confirmed by non-contrast-enhanced computer tomography. Each patient followed a three-month therapeutic regimen with the above mentioned combination, with imaging assessment of the calculi after treatment.

Results. Per patient: The mean age of the patients was 48 years. The median number of calculi was 1 and the mean dimension was 5.5 mm. The stone-free status after treatment was not correlated with gender (p=0.7), side location (p=0.8) or with the number of calculi (p=0.3), but we found a correlation with the location in the upper or middle calyx (54.5% vs 13.8%, p=0.008) and with the maximum diameter (p=0.001). Per stone: 60 calculi were analyzed, 8.3% being located in the upper calyx, 36.7% in the middle and 55% in the lower one. After treatment, 40% were absent, 21.7% showed lower dimensions and 38.3% remained unchanged, with the mean reduction of 1.7 mm. We identified a cut-off value of ≤ 3 mm (AUC 0.9, CI:0.8-0.9, p<0.0001) for the prediction of stone-free status after treatment.

Conclusions. The current treatment had the highest efficacy in achieving stone-free status for patients with calculi ≤ 3 mm, located in the middle or upper calyx. A higher duration of the treatment might show improved results.
Long-term efficacy of a new medical device containing Fernblock® and DNA repair enzyme complex in the treatment and prevention of cancerization field in patients with actinic keratosis.
Authors: De Unamuno Bustos Blanca , Chaparr´´o Aguilera Natalia , Azorín García Inmaculada , Calle Andrino Anaid , Llavador Ros Margarita , Rodrigo Regina , Vitale María , González Salvador , Botella Estrada Rafael
Published: February 2019

Actinic keratosis (AKs) are part of the cancerization field, a region adjacent to AKs containing subclinical and histologically abnormal epidermal tissue due to Ultraviolet (UV)-induced DNA damage. The photoproducts as consequence of DNA damage induced by UV are mainly cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). Fernblock® demonstrated in previous studies significant reduction of the number of CPDs induced by UV radiation. Photolyases are a specific group of enzymes that remove the major UV-induced DNA lesions by a mechanism called photo-reactivation. A monocentric, prospective, controlled, and double blind interventional study was performed to evaluate the effect of a new medical device (NMD) containing a DNA-repair enzyme complex (photolyases, endonucleases and glycosilases), a combination of UV-filters, and Fernblock® in the treatment of the cancerization field in 30 AK patients after photodynamic therapy. Patients were randomized into two groups: patients receiving a standard sunscreen (SS) andpatients receiving the NMD. Clinical, dermoscopic, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and histological evaluations were performed. An increase of AKs was noted in all groups after three months of PDT without significant differences between them (p=0.476). A significant increase in the number of AKs was observed in SS group after six (p=0.026) and twelve months of PDT (p=0.038); however, this increase did not reach statistical significance in the NMD group. Regarding RCM evaluation, honeycomb pattern assessment after twelve months of PDT showed significant differences in the extension and grade of the atypia in the NMD group compared to SS group (p=0.030 and p=0.026, respectively). Concerning histopathological evaluation, keratinocyte atypia grade improved from baseline to six months after PDT in all the groups, with no statistically significant differences between the groups. Twelve months after PDT, p53 expression was significantly lower in the NMD group compared to SS group (p=0.028). The product was well-tolerated, with no serious adverse events reported. Our results provide evidence of the utility of this NMD in the improvement of the cancerization field and in the prevention of the development of new AKs.
The effects of preparation period exercises on the hematological parameters of the taekwondo athletes
Authors: Boyalı E. , Sevindi T. , Yüksel M.F. , Demir H.
Published: February 2019

Purpose: This study aimed at examining the effects of preparation period exercises, which were applied for eight weeks to elite level taekwondo athletes, on the hematological parameters. Material: Totally 21 athletes with international degrees from the university taekwondo team participated in this study, 12 of whom were female (Mean age: 20.3 - Mean exercise age: 8.8) and 9 of whom were male athletes (Mean age: 20.3 - Mean exercise age: 9.5). The participants attended an 8-week exercise program for 5 days a week, which included basic motoric features and technical and tactical development. 4 cc blood samples were taken from the right antecubital vein before and after the preparation period exercises. On the blood samples, WBC, GRAN, GRAN %, LYM, LYM %, MID and MID % values were examined among leukocyte sub-groups; RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC and RDWC values were examined among the erythrocyte sub-groups, and PLT, MPV, PCT and PDW values were examined among thrombocyte sub-groups. Results: At the end of the study, we determined that there was a statistically significant increase in the MCHC values of both the male and the female taekwondo athletes. Moreover, it was determined that there were statistically significant decreases in the HCT, MCV, MCH, MPV and PCT values of the female taekwondo athletes, and in the MCV, MPV and PCT values of the male taekwondo athletes. Conclusions: As a conclusion, we can state that the 8-week exercises applied during the preparation period affected the hematological parameters of the male and female taekwondo athletes to an extent, however, this effect was limited and it did not cause an important change.
First record of the association of banana (Musa sp.) and Ceratitis capitata (Widemann, 1824) in Brazil
Authors: Sá Ricardo Falcão de , Oliveira Alessandro da Silva , Oliveira Rita de Cassia Costa de , Santos José Carlos Marques dos , Moreira Aldenise Alves , Castellani Maria Aparecida
Published: February 2019

Abstract Brazil is the fourth world’s largest banana (Musa spp.) producer and largest consumer. Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is the main pest of quarantine importance in the exploration of fresh fruits. This species has shown wide ecological plasticity, with adaptation in several native and exotic hosts and different edaphoclimatic conditions. In November 2017 and March 2018, banana samples of AAB subgroup, Prata Anã, Prata Pacovan and Prata BRS Princesa, were collected from orchards located in the fruit producing region of São Francisco, Juazeiro, Bahia, Brazil. Fruits were sent to the laboratory for processing aimed at obtaining adults. A total of 177 tephritid pupae were obtained in Prata Anã variety, emerging 106 C. capitata adults. The total infestation rates in puparia kg fruit-1 and puparia fruit-1 were 7.45 and 0.70, respectively. Thus, the association between banana and C. capitata was recorded for the first time in Brazil and the probable implications related to this bitrophic association will be discussed.
O perfil das ligas acadêmicas de angiologia e cirurgia vascular e sua eficácia no ensino da especialidade
Authors: Andreoni Stephani , Rangel Denise Colosso , Barreto Giselle Cristina Bitencourt Garcia de Sá , Rodrigues Rafael Henrique Isaias , Alves Henrique Mozart Toso , Portela Lucas Azevedo
Published: February 2019

Resumo Contexto As ligas acadêmicas são organizações estudantis extracurriculares que contam com a supervisão de um docente vinculado à instituição de ensino e visam aprimorar o conhecimento em determinadas áreas. Verificou-se, nos últimos anos, um crescimento do número de novas ligas, nas quais os graduandos têm acesso a informações complementares através de aulas, estágios e congressos. A especialidade de angiologia e cirurgia vascular encontra-se entre aquelas que dispõem dessas organizações. Objetivos Determinar o perfil acadêmico das ligas de angiologia e cirurgia vascular das faculdades de Medicina do estado de São Paulo e verificar o desempenho dos membros dessas ligas no ensino. Métodos Este estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico incluiu graduandos de Medicina membros de ligas acadêmicas de angiologia e cirurgia vascular do estado de São Paulo. Foram utilizados questionários on-line para determinação dos dados de cada liga e foram aplicadas provas para verificação do desempenho. Resultados O ingresso ocorreu prioritariamente por prova, com curso introdutório obrigatório. Realizaram-se aulas teóricas mensalmente em 42,9% das ligas. Quanto a atividades práticas, 85,7% das ligas as realizaram. A maioria das ligas (71,4%) relataram realizar atividades científicas. A comparação pareada do desempenho dos alunos nas provas demonstrou um aumento significativo na média, de 61,1 para 72,6 (p < 0,05). Conclusões As ligas acadêmicas de angiologia e cirurgia vascular do estado de São Paulo apresentam modos de funcionamento semelhantes e um perfil heterogêneo quanto a atividades teóricas, práticas e científicas. A partir da presente amostra, as ligas acadêmicas aparentam ser efetivas no ensino de angiologia e cirurgia vascular durante a graduação.
ENCONTRAR LA POSICIÓN DE UNO MISMO EN LA SOCIEDAD. Una encuesta basada en viñetas
Authors: Mac-Clure Oscar , Barozet Emmanuelle , Ayala M. Constanza , Moya Cristóbal , Valenzuela Ana María
Published: February 2019

Investigaciones empíricas en diversos países muestran que una parte importante de la población se identifica subjetivamente con las clases medias. A partir de una clasificación de las personas en la sociedad elaborada por los propios individuos, analizamos de qué modo ellos se identifican con una posición social. Nuestro análisis se basa en una encuesta en que se solicitó a los participantes realizar un juego de clasificación de viñetas representativas de personas en la sociedad chilena. La encuesta fue aplicada en Chile en el año 2016 a una muestra de 2.000 individuos estadísticamente representativos de la población. Los resultados muestran los criterios que predominan al clasificar a las personas en la sociedad y qué influye en la definición de su posición social por parte de los individuos, quienes se autoidentifican mayoritariamente con una categoría baja en la sociedad.
Retrospect and Prospect for Lung Cancer in China: Clinical Advances of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Lu Shun , Yu Yongfeng , Yang Yi
Published: February 2019

Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in China. The recent emergence of immunotherapy treatment options, such as the use of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) checkpoint inhibitors, has also led to a paradigm shift in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, and has provided promising directions for the treatment of small cell lung cancer. This review provides a summary of the developmental process of immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer, ongoing international and domestic clinical trials in this field, and the challenges and considerations related to the use of immunotherapy in Chinese patients with lung cancer, with the aim of providing detailed information for future immunotherapy-related clinical trials in China. Research regarding immune checkpoint inhibitors in China is several years behind similar research in several developed countries. However, although PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-related clinical trials remain in their early stages in China, increased efforts by Chinese clinicians, researchers, and government staff have been directed toward trying to introduce novel drugs into the clinical setting. Because of the specific characteristics of Chinese patients with lung cancer (such as high epidermal growth factor receptor mutation rates, later disease stages, and different toxicity profiles), large-scale clinical trials targeting the Chinese population or Chinese participation in multinational trials should be promoted.
Review of proton- and oxide-ion-conducting perovskite materials for SOFC applications
Authors: Karuppiah Kavitha , Ashok Anuradha M
Published: February 2019

In this review, the essential use of perovskites and their structural properties associated with proton and oxide-ion conductivity are explained specifically for applications in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), electrolyser cells and so on. The number of oxygen vacancies and their distribution in the crystal structure play a crucial role in perovskites, which exhibit good protonic and oxide-ion conductivity. Atmospheric stability at the operating temperature is another important factor that decides the long-term usage of the materials. Here the properties are summarised in terms of stability, proton defects, ordering and cation substitution. A basic understanding of all of these properties will give a direction to synthesis of compounds with desired proton and oxide-ion conductivity for applications in renewable and sustainable energy devices. A certain group of perovskite oxides, when prepared as nanostructures, is specifically used in fuel cell electrodes for improved performance. A few trends and highlights of current scientific advances in nanoperovskites for energy applications are discussed. The high stability of the proton conductor Ba3Ca1⋅18Nb1⋅82O8⋅73and substitution of new dopants in this compound for SOFC devices are highlighted in this review.
Global Sports Law Revisited
Authors: Foster Ken
Published: February 2019

This summary article considers the nature of global sports law. It examines in particular the extent of sport’s autonomous self-governance, its claims to legal immunity from supervision by national courts and legislatures, and how such autonomy can be justified. It views these developments through a critical lens, drawing on many years of working in the area of sports law. This survey concludes by suggesting a number of possible reforms.
El viaje como recurso educativo: Estudio de caso de la Expedición Tahina-Can
Authors: Tejedor Calvo Santiago , Giraldo Luque Santiago
Published: February 2019

The work analyses the possibilities of travel as a resource and innovative educational method based on the case study of the Tahina-Can Expedition, a travel journalism project promoted by the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB). Since 2004, it has allowed about 700 students to participate in an academic expedition that brings together content production workshops in the field of digital writing, television, photography and radio. The initiative has obtained the first prize by the Telefónica Foundation in the category of "Learning on the Net". The study proposes the conceptualization of the trip as a constructivist practice that assumes the challenges of the 21st century student profile. Through the methodology of the case study, the article describes the particularities of the travel project, as well as it analyses its results and its impact. This is done through the technique of focus groups, which are developed with the participation of the expedition members who have taken part in the trips of Tahina-Can. The study concludes, among other aspects, that the trip is considered as an active learning practice and that constitutes a stimulus for the students. The experience enhances the commitment of the participants with their own learning process and it allows the advanced development of different professional journalistic roles and competences.
Análisis del viaje como uno de los ejes transformadores del proceso educativo
Authors: Sellarés Maria Abril , Azpelicueta Criado María del C. , Sánchez-Fernández María D.
Published: February 2019

The Association of the term “trip” to words such as amusement, erudition, journey, leisure, vacation..., being added in recent years to the entry of concepts as important as interculturality or social responsibility and new ways of sharing hobbies, ideas and sensations, provoke that this locution of a qualitative leap and broadened its meaning, including in the educational field. (Aguerrondo, 2008)
The broad conception of tourism, as understood in our Western Europe, is born from the postwar World War II, accelerating its development from the 1960s (Salgueiro, 2002), although we have dates that between the end of the century 16th and the 17th-18th centuries there was a key approach: the use of the trip to train wealthy university students of basically private schools, who for one or two years embarked on the Mediterranean adventure to learn about the origins of Western European culture, located in Italy and Greece. This travel paradigm was called "The Grand Tour" (Katharina-Lau, 2012).
The present work makes an approximation to how the trip can be one of the transforming axes of the educational process, applying processes of proactivity and interaction that allow a better formation to the student for his later entry to the working world.
The methodology used has an exploratory character with a systematized analysis of multiple and varied scientific publications, which allow to support a constructive future on the educational journey.
O Principado de Nero nos 'Anais' de Tácito
Authors: Coelho Ana Lucia Santos
Published: February 2019

Resenha de: BELCHIOR, Y. K. Nero: bom ou mau imperador? Retórica, política e sociedade em Tácito (54 a 69 d.C.). Curitiba: Prismas, 2016. 288 p.
Temperança e moderação no 'convivium' tardo-antigo: uma análise com base na 'Saturnalia', de Macróbio
Authors: Andrade Jenny Barros
Published: February 2019

O banquete romano (convivium) foi uma importante prática social, que consistia em uma ocasião de sociabilidade e de estreitamento de laços entre os participantes. Compreendemos tal momento festivo como uma cerimônia de relevância principalmente nos meios aristocráticos, não estando isento, entretanto, de códigos que regulassem o rito dessa ocasião. Como podemos conluir por meio da obra literária Saturnalia, o autor e escritor Macróbio narra um banquete em honra ao deus Saturno e se preocupa em orientar os seus convivas quanto às normas existentes e como elas regulam o corpo do comensal. Desse modo, temos como objetivo, no presente artigo, analisar como Macróbio evocou o conceito de temperança a fim de disciplinar o corpo dos convivas.
Um olhar antropológico sobre o corpo: representações atléticas na Grécia antiga
Authors: Lessa Fábio De Souza
Published: February 2019

O artigo propõe, em primeiro lugar, apresentar o conceito de corpo por um viés antropológico, ao concebê-lo como um complexo simbólico e meio de expressão cultural, que porta em si a marca da vida social, sendo uma representação da sociedade. Em segundo lugar, buscaremos analisar os modelos de representação dos corpos dos atletas nas imagens áticas do período Clássico (séculos V e IV a.C.), evidenciando a diversidade dos seus modelos cênicos. Defendemos que o esquema iconográfico que privilegiava o modelo apolíneo do corpo dos atletas helênicos, por mais que fosse hegemônico, não era único.
Historicidade, memória e escrita da História: Augusto e o 'culto della romanità' durante o 'ventennio' fascista
Authors: Silva Glaydson José da
Published: February 2019

Apenas recentemente diferentes frentes de estudo sobre o culto della romanità durante o fascismo começaram a ser mais bem exploradas, como a ideia de que a própria romanidade serviria a um projeto de modernidade da Itália fascista. O lugar ocupado pelo mito de Roma no imaginário coletivo e o papel das instituições, e de historiadores e arqueólogos, particularmente, também têm conhecido especial atenção. Pensado inicialmente como um instrumento a ser utilizado em sala de aula (junto à disciplina Introdução aos Estudos de História Antiga e Medieval, da Universidade Federal de São Paulo), este texto toma alguns exemplos em torno do culto della romanità que mobilizaram, sobretudo, a imagem do imperador Augusto durante o fascismo. Essa mobilização se deu, especialmente, por ocasião das comemorações do bimilenário do nascimento do princeps, e orbitou a Mostra Augustea della Romanità e toda trama histórica e arqueológica acerca da liberação do entorno do Mausoléu de Augusto e da restauração e deslocamento do Ara Pacis. Como instrumento, a ideia é que esse texto propicie uma reflexão acerca da historicidade, da memória e da escrita da história relacionada à Roma antiga.
Cultura material, recursos digitais e conhecimento histórico: reflexões sobre a elaboração de bancos de dados para pesquisas em Arqueologia Clássica
Authors: Dias Carolina Kesser Barcellos , Souza Camila Diogo de , Cerqueira Fábio Vergara
Published: February 2019

Os avanços do conhecimento histórico sobre a Antiguidade Clássica, nas últimas décadas, devem muito aos conhecimentos arqueológicos, que reposicionam a relação entre as fontes escritas e materiais na interpretação do passado. A descrição e classificação tipológica fundamentadas nos aspetos morfológicos, cronológicos, técnicos e estilísticos da cultura material constituem dois dos principais recursos metodológicos para a produção do conhecimento arqueológico. As inovações eletrônicas atuais trouxeram inúmeras contribuições para o pesquisador por meio de programas de análise inter-relacionada dos dados, e possibilidades de acesso aos dados e difusão do conhecimento, viabilizando perspectivas futuras e novas leituras de um mesmo objeto de estudo. Assim, a produção de bancos de dados assume um papel fundamental para a elaboração de catálogos de referência, e promove uma maior variabilidade de interpretações. Todavia, faz-se necessário refletir sobre os objetivos, usos e alcances de tais recursos metodológicos para a comunidade acadêmica e para as pesquisas científicas como um todo, assim como as questões relativas ao acesso público às informações. Neste artigo, procuramos sistematizar e discutir tais questões por meio de alguns exemplos específicos e propostas de modelos de organização de corpora documentais, e da construção de bases de dados em pesquisas na área da Arqueologia Clássica, apresentando as propostas e possibilidades de análise de dados que vêm sendo desenvolvidas no âmbito do Laboratório de Estudos sobre a Cerâmica Antiga (LECA) da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel).
O uso dos conceitos de cidade e espaço em História Antiga: João Crisóstomo e a cristianização de Constantinopla como estudo de caso
Authors: Furlani João Carlos
Published: February 2019

O espaço, por longo tempo, foi relegado a um segundo plano nos estudos históricos. Contudo, reflexões sobre os territórios, as cidades e os símbolos culturais que compuseram suas paisagens cada vez mais vêm tomando lugar nas pautas de pesquisa de especialistas que se dedicam ao estudo da Antiguidade. No período tardo-antigo, muitas transformações produzidas no espaço citadino estavam relacionadas a manifestações de caráter religioso, como a ampliação dos credos cristãos e a interferência que estes últimos passaram a exercer sobre as paisagens arquitetônicas. Tendo em mente tais considerações é que propomos refletir, em primeiro lugar, sobre a utilização e a problematização dos conceitos de espaço e cidade nas pesquisas históricas. Num segundo momento, e como estudo de caso, refletiremos sobre a atuação de João Crisóstomo em Constantinopla. Ao ser consagrado bispo da cidade, em 397, João pretendeu interferir na vida de sua congregação mediante a aplicação de reformas que, entre outros pontos, incluíam reflexões morais e pedagógicas sobre as relações dos cristãos com o cotidiano e com o espaço citadino, atuando, assim, na delimitação de lugares próprios e impróprios para os cristãos.
East Europe and the «military revolution» concept: the historiographic remarks
Authors: Sokyrko Oleksii
Published: February 2019

The concept of a «military revolution» was formulated in the British historiography in the mid-XXth century (The term «military revolution» for a designation of this overturn has been entered by the British historian M.Roberts in 1955). It includes the emergence of the large permanent professional armies with a predominance of infantry and artillery, new forms of organization, combat training and methods of warfare. The fire-arms wide circulation has led to the revolution in the art of war. It has caused serious changes in the political, economic, social spheres at first in the West European society, and then in the neighbor states. This concept had an extremely strong influence on the development of the research of the nature of the army, society and the state of Early Modern times. Studies discovering the development of military institutes in different regions of Europe, their influence on the formation of centralized states and the transcontinental expansion of European civilization have led to a series of heated discussions that continued till today. The problems of the influence of the «military revolution» on the historical fate of the countries of Eastern Europe and the peculiarities of its evolution hold a specific place. The article reflects the basic trends of studying of a concept of military revolution in Eastern Europe region and a present condition of a problem contemporary historiography.