bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modified Fourier Sine and Cosine transforms for the Hadamard fractional calculus
Authors: Zhao Zhengang , Gong Yi
Published: December 2024

Nowadays, the study of Hadamard fractional calculus is a hot topic, where the Hadamard fractional calculus is more suitable for describing the very slow process. Due to the logarithmic integral kernel of Hadamard calculus, it brings great difficulties to the corresponding theoretical analysis and numerical calculation. In this research, we introduce a novel modified Fourier Sine transform and a Fourier Cosine transform and then study the corresponding convolution theorem for the Fourier Sine and Cosine transforms. Finally, we provide the transformation results of the Hadamard fractional integral and derivative separately, which successfully overcome the difficulties caused by logarithmic singular kernels.
Notes on the minimum eigenvalue of the fan product
Authors: Li Ling , Zhong Qin
Published: December 2024

This article aims to discuss the minimum eigenvalue of the Fan product. We derive a new lower bound for the minimum eigenvalue based on the previous result and compare it with related conclusions. Finally, we verify our findings with a specific example.
Second-order directional differential stability of convex optimization problems
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Yin Ziran
Published: December 2024

This paper aims to study the directional differential stability results for solutions and values of general parameterized optimization problems. The major results of this paper are the characterizations of directional derivatives of optimal solution sets and optimal value functions for specific convex problems.
A Legendre spectral method for nonlinear Reaction-Diffusion equation
Authors: Liao Huiqing , Fu Ying , Wang Yichu
Published: December 2024

This paper mainly studies the Legendre spectral method of the 1-dimensional nonlinear reaction-diffusion problem. The Legendre polynomial is used to discretely analyze the spatial direction by a spectral method, and the leapfrog-Crank-Nicolson (LCN) three-layer scheme is combined with the temporal direction. The linear component is handled implicitly, the nonlinear component is addressed explicitly, and the Legendre collocation method is used to approximate the nonlinear term, enhancing both the stability of the format and the efficiency of the solution. From theoretical analysis to numerical computation, it can be seen that our numerical method is effective for the numerical calculation of nonlinear reaction-diffusion equations.
Two necessary and sufficient conditions for the completeness of L1(c) space
Authors: Li Wenhao , Sun Chuanfeng
Published: December 2024

We study the completeness of L
1
(c) space, where L
1
(c) is the space of integrable random variables (ε(| X |) < ∞), ε is a sublinear expectation and the metric of L
1
(c) is defined as ε(|X-Y|).
The non-de moivre formula for calculating the power of 3-parameter generalized quaternions
Authors: Deng Yong , Tang Jiangang
Published: December 2024

In this article, a recursive formula is obtained by using the simplified substitution of the 3-parameter generalized quaternion left matrix representation. Based on it, the direct formula of nth power calculation including real quaternions, split quaternions, split semi-quaternions, and 1/4-quaternions, is derived, which is more universal to solve the problem of inconvenient calculation with the De Moivres formula when the power n is large. Finally, the correctness of the obtained results is verified by two examples.
ON abelian extensions and Kronecker’s jugendtraum in algebraic number theory
Authors: He Li
Published: December 2024

Each subdivision within the cyclotomic domain constitutes an Abelian numerical field, and Kronecker established the reverse of this statement. His aspirations extended beyond the realm of rational numbers, delving into the Abelian extensions of imaginary quadratic numerical fields and introducing the renowned jugendtraum. It wasn’t until the emergence of class field theory in the 20th century that this youthful dream was confirmed as valid. This concept also maintains a close connection to Hilbert’s 12th problem, which remains unresolved to this day.
A blow-up criterion for three-dimensional compressible viscous isentropic magnetohydrodynamic equations
Authors: Chen Hao
Published: December 2024

We develop a blow-up criterion in this paper for the strong solution of the three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows Dirichlet problem. The velocity field’s deformation tensor’s norm is the only factor influencing this blow-up criterion. Specifically, it is not affected by temperature or magnetic field. These findings also suggest that the strong solutions of compressible MHD flows maintain global regularity as long as the velocity tensor remains bounded.
Direction of arrival tracking of non-circular signals: probabilistic hypothesis density filter with an improved likelihood function
Authors: Cao Jinke , Zhang Xiaofei , Li Dawei
Published: December 2024

Conventional direction of arrival (DOA) tracking methods typically track circular signals with a fixed number of sources without considering time-varying numbers of non-circular (NC) signals DOA tracking. To solve this problem, we propose a DOA tracking method for NC signals with a probabilistic hypothesis density (PDH) filter based on an improved likelihood function. We improve the likelihood function of PHD by taking advantage of the NC signal characteristics, thereby separating the mixed measures and constructing the likelihood function corresponding to each source. In addition, we exponentially weight the likelihood function to improve the accuracy further. Finally, we achieved DOA tracking of the time-varying NC signals using the PHD filtering implemented by sequential Monte Carlo (SMC). Based on simulation findings, the suggested approach outperforms the conventional method in terms of tracking accuracy and can address the issue of changing NC signal numbers throughout the tracking process.
An attention-based channel estimation network with residual mechanism for 5G OFDM systems
Authors: Jiang Jinjing , Huang Weipeng , Zhang Xiao , Yang Kun , Peng Tong
Published: December 2024

Due to the significant increase in data transmission speed and gradual increase in Doppler frequency shift, channel estimation accuracy has become one of the most prioritized considerations in many cases. Specifically, we propose an attention-based channel estimation network with a residual mechanism, named TRCE-Net. In our design, the use of the multi-head attention mechanism at the input of the encoder is to obtain richer feature details. A linear series decoder module is implemented by leveraging multiple residual networks with skip connections. This novel design is capable of improving the channel estimation accuracy after deepening the network while effectively preventing degradation. To lessen the number of parameters that the network needs to learn, we introduce the bi-linear interpolation mechanism to replace the traditional up-sampling layer to mitigate both computational overhead and model complexity. According to the simulation results, our proposed TRCE-Net is superior to other state-of-the-art methods with regard to estimation accuracy and robustness to different maximum Doppler shifts, such as ResNet and InterpolateNet.
Efficient probe weighting method for multiple-input multiple-output over-the-air testing
Authors: Han Xueya , Wang Weimin , Wu Yongle , Gao Jinchun , Cheng Xiaohe , Liu Yuanan
Published: December 2024

The multi-probe anechoic chamber (MPAC) method is utilized to reconstruct the channel by distributing proper weights to the probes in the over-the-air (OTA) testing scenario. The commonly used probe weighting method is a convex optimization solver. However, the solver is time-consuming. Owing to the numerous probes required for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) OTA testing, more time will be taken. Two efficient probe weighting methods are proposed in this paper. The results of the simulation verify that the proposed methods have higher computing efficiency and can achieve accuracy similar to that of the convex optimization solver.
Optimized spherical near-field to far-field transformations algorithm based on outlier retrieval and repair
Authors: Qu Jia , Wang Weimin , Wu Yongle , Tang Bihua , Liu Yuanan
Published: December 2024

In this paper, a spherical near-field to far-field transformation algorithm based on outlier retrieval and repair is proposed to solve the problem of obtaining inaccurate transformation results when the near-field data contains outliers due to probe anomalies. The transformation algorithm adopts the inverse matrix construction method to compute the transmission coefficients of the antenna for far-field reconfiguration with high precision. In addition, the local outlier factor algorithm is employed to fast retrieve the outliers in the input data and repair them according to the spline interpolation principle. By inputting the repaired near-field data into the transformation program, the derived far-field radiation patterns are in high agreement with the theoretical values obtained from the electromagnetic simulation, which can verify the efficiency and rationality of the proposed algorithm.
YOLOv8-RepGhostEMA: An efficient underwater trash detection model
Authors: Cai Dengwei , Li Kefeng , Hou Boxue
Published: December 2024

The accumulation of anthropogenic waste in underwater environments leads to a decrease in water quality, resulting in pollution that negatively impacts human health, ecological balance, and economic activities. The development of underwater robotic technology signals a new era for the timely identification and removal of underwater trash, offering proactive measures to combat the menace of water pollution. This study introduces an improved algorithm based on YOLOv8, proposing the YOLOv8-RepGhost-EMA algorithm. This algorithm is tailored for lightweight modifications on embedded devices of underwater robots and innovatively incorporates the RepGhost-EMA module, enhancing the precision of underwater trash detection while reducing computational complexity. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a reduction in parameter quantity by 13% while increasing precision (P) by 4%, recall (R) by 1.1%, and mean average precision (mAP) by 1.9% for trash detection. This approach is hardware-friendly for underwater robots, achieving a lightweight underwater object detection algorithm that balances detection accuracy and speed.
Marine target cfar detection method based on superpixel difference degree
Authors: Liu Boxuan , Cui Zhongma , Lu Zhen
Published: December 2024

At present, the method based on constant false alarm rate (CFAR) technology is one of the important means of marine target detection. The performance of traditional sliding window CFAR detectors is easy to be affected by speckle noise and multi-target crosstalk, resulting in a low success rate of visual inspection. In this paper, a CFAR detection method based on superpixel difference degree is proposed. This method can effectively distinguish potential target superpixels and background superpixels, and then through the selection of background superpixels, the clutter probability density function model is fitted with the unbounded Johnson distribution model, to carry out CFAR detection. Based on the SAR images of the Gaofen-3 satellite and Sentinel-1 satellite, the experiment verifies that the method can improve the detection performance in multiple scenarios.
Research on compatibility and performance verification method of domestic database migration based on Kreplay technology
Authors: Fu Yanlin , Song Jinzhou , Song Rui , Jiang Ningwei , Lin Jing , Shi Peike , Liu Jun , Dong Wen
Published: December 2024

This paper deeply studies the compatibility and performance verification methods of domestic database replacement Oracle database and focuses on the application of Replay technology in database migration. By comparing and analyzing the key technologies such as Oracle Real Application Testing, SQL Server Profiler, iReplay, OceanBase Migration Assessment, and Kreplay, this paper proposes a migration verification scheme based on Kreplay. This scheme comprehensively evaluates the compatibility and performance of domestic databases by capturing the actual workload of the production environment and replaying it in the test environment to simulate the real scene. The experimental results show that Kreplay has obvious advantages in heterogeneous database migration and transaction complete capture, and it can effectively find and solve compatibility and performance problems in the migration process. The research in this paper provides technical support for the promotion and application of domestic databases and references for future database replacement technology development.
The landscape concept for natural tourism development at Langsa Urban Forest, Aceh Province
Authors: Lubis T , Abus A F , Suriadi A , Kamsinah  , Abus A A , Abus N A A , Andriany L
Published: December 2024

This research discusses two main things: the landscape process of the natural tourism concept at Langsa Urban Forest in Langsa City, Aceh Province, Indonesia, and visitor activities. The aim is to determine the landscape background of the Langsa Urban Forest and analyze the space used for natural tourism for visitors and residents of the Langsa Urban Forest. This research uses a landscape approach as the core to explain the past and present processes of the Langsa Urban Forest, as well as the activities of its visitors. Ethnographic methods are applied to collect and analyze data. This data was obtained from in-depth interviews and participant observation from the conception of the Langsa Urban Forest and visitors. The results of the study show that the formation of the Langsa Urban Forest landscape started from outer space and was used as a habitat for animals, such as deer, crocodiles, and several types of birds and their ecosystems. Visitors who visit Langsa Urban Forest are divided into two categories: (1) To reminisce about previous places and scenic history, and (2) to have fun. Apart from that, Langsa Urban Forest also acts as an open space for physical health activities.
Damage to natural production forests due to timber harvesting
Authors: Yuniawati  , Andini S , Ningrum M H
Published: December 2024

Timber harvesting of natural production forests causes damage in the form of gaps in the forest area around it. The area gaps will hurt the sustainability of timber production from natural forests. This paper presents the treefall gaps due to timber harvesting in the Papua Forest. We also developed multiple regressions to analyse the effect of tree diameter and height and the area gaps created. The results showed that: 1) tree diameter and height ranged between 51.29-60.11 cm and 15.39-17.17 m respectively; 2) the average gap area was 13.84% (143.26 m2) for every one felled tree; 3) tree diameter and height have no significant effect on forest gap area due to felling; 4) the average of forest gaps area created from timber skidding was 3249.61 m2 (18.55%); and 5) tree diameter and the number of skidded timbers not significantly affect the area gaps due to timber skidding.
The role of Azolla microphylla green fertilizer and N fertilizer application on growth and production of lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) Ciherang variety for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Hasanah Y , Nabilah H
Published: December 2024

One effort to maximize Nitrogen nutrient absorption can be done by combining inorganic N fertilizer with Azolla microphylla as green fertilizer. This research aims to identify the effect of applying A. microphylla green fertilizer and N fertilizer on the growth and production of lowland rice variety of Ciherang. The research was done in a greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara from November 2023 to February 2024, using a non-factorial Randomized Block Design, namely 100% Azolla; 25% N + 50% Azolla; 25% N + 100% A. microphylla; 50% N + 50% A. microphylla; 50% N + 100% A. microphylla; 75% N + 50% A. microphylla; 75% N + 100% A. microphylla; and 100% N. The research results showed that application of 100% N fertilizer was able to increase plant height by 6-9 week after transplanting (WAT) and the weight of 1000 rice grains. The combination of giving 75% N and 50% A. microphylla tended to increase the weight of unfilled grain per plant 18.87% compared to giving 100% N. It is recommended that fresh A. microphylla be buried in the soil so that it decomposes more quickly.
Fungi responsible for the formation of agarwood in Gyrinops and their preservation techniques
Authors: Fauzi M T , Suheri H , Isnaini M , Muthahanas I
Published: December 2024

Gyrinops sp. is one of the species in the genus Thymelaeaceae which is capable of producing good quality aloe (agarwood) and has very high economic value. This species is dominant in NTB and in Eastern Indonesia. However, most of the high-quality agarwood traded on the world market today is a product obtained from old trees that grow naturally in forests. Over-exploitation of species from natural habitats causes a significant decrease in the number of plant populations of species that can produce agarwood. Various attempts have been made to cultivate this agarwood-producing plant and microbial inoculations have been carried out to form agarwood on the trees. This study aims to collect fungi that infect Gyrinops sp. and are associated with agarwood formation from naturally infected Gyrinops sp. planted by farmers on their land. The results showed that fungal isolates associated with agarwood formation on Gyrinops were Fusarium sp. and Trichoderma sp. The fungus Trichoderma sp. may play a role in helping Gyrinops plants resist Fusarium sp. attack by forming sapwood (agarwood). The fungal storage in sterile soil media and Gyrinops sawdust media tends to be more stable in maintaining the viability of the stored fungi.
Characterization of basal stem rot pathogen in oil palm tree in Adolina Seed Center, North Sumatra, to support sustainable food security
Authors: Gulo GK , Lisnawita  , Safni I
Published: December 2024

The productivity of oil palm plants is influenced by several factors, one of which is basal stem rot disease. The aim of this research was to morphologically and molecularly characterized the causal pathogen of basal stem rot disease in oil palm plants in the Adolina Seed Center, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra. The study, conducted from September 2023 to March 2024. Sampling was done using a purposive random method based on visible symptoms of the disease. The research involved isolating and purifying the fungus, followed by macroscopic and microscopic observations, molecular characterization, and phylogenetic analysis. Seven isolates were identified as Ganoderma boninense and Ganoderma sp. The study found significant diversity in the fruit body morphology in Block AD-02 and Block AD-04, while microscopic observations showed similarities across all samples. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses revealed a close relationship between the isolates from Indonesia, G. boninense from Malaysia, and Ganoderma sp. from Singapore. The incidence of basal stem rotdisease was higher in Block AD-02 (54%), compared to Block AD-04 (48%). These findings contribute to the understanding of the pathogen diversity and spread in oil palm plantations.
Phenotyfic appearance of some local Samosir shallot accessions at Samosir regency in supporting sustainable agriculture
Authors: Hasanah Y , Hanafiah D S , Sembiring M , Sinuraya M , Julianti E , Syahril M , Tanjung D R , Perangin-angin G A , Arridho M
Published: December 2024

The local Samosir shallot population has the potential to become rare and disappear with the entry of imported shallot into Samosir area. Therefore, the efforts are needed to prevent the extinction of local Samosir shallots. Inventory activities, collection, characterization and evaluation of existing local Samosir shallots need to be carried out to save local shallot resources and it is hoped that they can be developed into superior varieties with high productivity. The research aims to identify local Samosir agronomic characteristics including accessions from the Samosir region. The results showed that analysis of kinship relations on a distance scale of 1 shows the formation of 4 groups of kinship relations. The first group consists of accession A1 which is distinguished by its leaf color character, namely green. The second group consists of A2 accessions which are distinguished by their strong leaf texture characteristics. The third group consists of accessions A3 and A5 which are united by the bulb shape character, namely broad oval. The fourth group consists of A4 accessions which are distinguished by the character of low leaf density.
Shelf life of biofertilizer stored with Mucuna bracteata as a carrier for sustainable upland rice cultivation
Authors: Hapsoh  , Wawan  , Dini I R , Clarissa C
Published: December 2024

Realizing sustainable agriculture through the use of biofertilizers in facing challenges, where there is a continuous decline in bacterial life in biofertilizers. So, a carrier material is needed that can maintain the shelf life of the biofertilizer, one of which is Mucuna bracteata. This research aims to obtain the best shelf life from long storage of biofertilizer to support the growth and production of upland rice. The research using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 7 treatments, namely P1: 100% inorganic fertilizer; P2, P3, P4: 75% inorganic fertilizer + 100% sludge palm oil + biofertilizer 10 ml (10% M. bracteata) 0-, 1- and 2-months shelf life; P5, P6, P7: 50% inorganic fertilizer + 100% sludge palm oil + biofertilizer 10 ml (10% M. bracteata) 0-, 1- and 2-months shelf life. The results showed that the combination of 75% inorganic fertilizer, solid compost and biofertilizer with a shelf life of 0, 1 and 2 months is still able to provide the same results as applying 100% inorganic fertilizer on the parameters of the growth and yield of upland rice.
Testing seed quality and vegetative growth yield of rice paddy (Oryza sativa L.) production results treated with NPK and biosaka for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Haryati  , Situmeang N D
Published: December 2024

The demand for rice continues to increase due to population growth each year. This results in higher national food requirements. An approach to boosting rice production is by utilizing high-quality fertilizers and seeds. This study aims to examine the seed quality and vegetative growth of rice production fertilized with NPK and Biosaka in supporting sustainable agriculture. Seed testing was conducted at the Seed Technology Laboratory, and seedling growth testing was carried out in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara. This study used a Split Plot Design with 3 replications and 2 treatment factors. The first treatment involved seeds from plants given NPK fertilizer: 0, 150, and 300 kg/ha. The second treatment involved seeds from plants treated with Biosaka: 0, 20, and 40 ml/15 L.. The research results showed that the application of NPK fertilizer at a dose of 300 kg/ha in rice plant growth significantly improved seed quality (growth potential, percentage of normal germination, seed vigor index, root fresh weight, and root dry weight). Meanwhile, the application of Biosaka at a concentration of 40 ml/15L in rice plant growth significantly improved seed quality (growth potential, seed vigor index, and germination rate).
Sustainable improvement of broiler meat quality using glucomannan extract from porang tubers (Amorphophallus oncophyllus Prain) as prebiotic
Authors: Zendrato D P , Julianti E , Tafsin M , Hanafi N D , Sadeli A
Published: December 2024

Glucomannan is a prebiotic present in porang tubers can improve digestive health and nutritional efficiency of animal feed thus affecting the quality of meat produced. The study purposed to evaluate the impact of glucomannan extract from porang tubers (Amorphophallus oncophyllus Prain) as prebiotic on the physical and chemical quality of broiler meat. Conducted at the Flour House, Research and Technology Laboratory, Chemistry Laboratory of FMIPA, and Baru Village, Pancur Batu District, Deli Serdang Regency in February 2024. The average initial weight of broilers was 1484.17 ± 81.45 g. The research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments: 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% glucomannan, each with five replicates. Parameters measured included pH, water holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss, moisture content, fat content, and protein content. The results showed that the 0.4% glucomannan treatment produced the best results, with significantly improved pH stability, increased WHC, reduced cooking loss, and increased crude protein content while decreasing fat content. These results suggest that 0.4% glucomannan supplementation optimally improves the nutritional and physical quality of broiler meat. In conclusion, the inclusion of 0.4% glucomannan in broiler diets can improve meat quality and provide a sustainable alternative to synthetic feed additives in poultry production.
Effect of marination time using vacuum marinator and calcium chloride on physicochemical quality of beef
Authors: Patriani P , Hutajulu S F B , Sari T V
Published: December 2024

Beef products contribute to long-term food security in Indonesia. The use of processing technology to maintain beef quality, as well as food additives, can extend the shelf life and maintain meat freshness. This study focused on marination time using vacuum marinators and Calcium chloride on the physicochemical quality of beef. The experimental method with a completely randomised design pattern with 4 treatments and 5 replications was used in this study. The treatment given was marination time using Calcium chloride at a dose of 250 mM on 100 g of beef using a vacuum marinator (V0 = no marination, V1 = 15 minutes, V2 = 30 minutes, and V3 = 45 minutes). Marination time with a vacuum marinator and the use of Calcium chloride had significant effects (P<0.05) on pH, cooking loss, moisture content, and tenderness but had no significant impact (P>0.05) on beef colour change. Marination time using a vacuum marinator and Calcium chloride can increase pH, moisture content, and tenderness and decrease the cooking loss of beef. The best physicochemical quality is the beef sample, which was marinated for 30 minutes (V2) using a vacuum marinator and Calcium chloride, which can be used sustainably.
Utilization of moringa leaf flour (Moringa oleifera) in making soy sauce
Authors: Sinaga H , Naibaho C A , Lubis Z
Published: December 2024

Soy sauce, a widely used condiment, is typically produced from soybeans and wheat. However, there is increasing interest in improving its nutritional and sensory properties through the use of alternative ingredients. This study explores how varying concentrations of moringa leaf flour and salt solution affect the quality characteristics of soy sauce. Employing a completely randomized factorial design, the research focused on two main factors: the percentage of moringa leaf flour (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%) and different salt solution concentrations (18%, 22%, 26%). Key parameters assessed included color index, pH, total soluble solids, viscosity, and various sensory characteristics. Results indicated that the concentration of salt has a significant effect on pH, total soluble solids, carbohydrates, and sensory attributes. Furthermore, the concentration of moringa leaf flour was found to significantly influence pH, total soluble solids, fat, protein, carbohydrates, color index, and sensory qualities like color, aroma, and flavor. The interaction between salt and moringa leaf flour also impacted pH, color index, carbohydrates, and overall sensory acceptability. The best quality soy sauce was achieved with a combination of 30% moringa leaf flour and 22% salt solution. This innovative soy sauce is anticipated to contribute positively to a healthier and more sustainable food industry.
Steamed Bread from Juai Pumpkin Puree One of South Kalimantan Superior Agricultural Commodities
Authors: Hustiany R , Fahmi S L N , Zairin
Published: December 2024

Steam bread is bread without filling and has a denser texture. Substitution of flour with yellow pumpkin puree juai, as one of the superior agricultural commodities of South Kalimantan, can be an innovation in terms of taste and nutritional content of steamed bread. Apart from that, there is frozen storage of steamed bread to extend its shelf life. The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of the ratio between juai pumpkin puree and flour and steaming time on the chemical and physicochemical characteristics of steamed bread. This study used the ratio of the amount of flour to juai pumpkin puree, namely 100:0, 70:30, and 60:40 and the steaming time before frozen storage, namely 5, 15, and 25 minutes. The best substituted for juai pumpkin puree is the 60:40 formulation and 5 minutes of steaming time by re-steaming for 10 minutes after frozen storage with moisture content of 36.49%, protein content of 8.13%, fat content of 4.10%, and crude fiber content of 2.32%. The gelatinization temperature was 95.5 °C on day 0 and after being stored at freezing temperature, the gelatinization temperature became undetectable. The viscosity of steamed bread after frozen storage for 15 days also decreased.
Extraction betacyanin from red dragon fruit peel using ohmic heating at several temperatures and holding time
Authors: Nurbaya S R , Yuwono S S , Putri W D R , Lastriyanto A
Published: December 2024

Red dragon fruit peels are generally discarded and become food waste. Yet it contains betacyanin pigment and can be utilized as a food colorant. Extraction using ohmic heating makes the heating rate faster, so it is suitable for heat-labile pigments. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of ohmic heating extraction temperature (50 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C, 80 °C, and 90° C) and holding time (0 and 5 minutes) on the physicochemical characteristics of betacyanin pigment, which extracted from red dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus). The extraction process uses 60 V and 100 Hz. A paired t test was conducted on the parameters of betacyanin content, color (L, a, b), and total ohmic time. At an extraction temperature of 50-70 °C, there was no significant difference in betacyanin content between holding times of 0 and 5 minutes. Furthermore, at temperature 70 °C, the ohmic heating extraction treatment has the higher betacyanin content (27.05 mg/L) compared to the extraction treatment using a water heater (13.50 mg/L). Extraction using ohmic heating also shorter heating time (152 s) than extraction using a water heater (527 s).
Probiotic ice cream from kefir culture with moringa leaves flour addition
Authors: Ginting N , Jayana L S
Published: December 2024

Sustainable practices and advantageous elements such as moringa leaf flour (MLF) and probiotics can satisfy human nutritional needs. Nonetheless, MLF has a fairly intense flavor, requiring the incorporation of kefir to impart a fresh taste, along with other components. Kefir is a fermented drink, recognized as probiotics. This study evaluates the effect of MLF incorporation into kefir ice cream on its sensory attributes and nutritional profile. Four treatments were administered, each with five replications. The treatments were designated as P0, with no MLF added; P1, with 20 grams; P2, with 25 grams; and P3, with 30 grams of MLF added. The examined parameters were organoleptic assessment, pH measurement, lipid content, protein content, and quantification of total bacterial colonies. The results demonstrated that varying quantities of MLF improved sensory characteristics, including color, texture, flavor, protein content, fat content, pH, and total bacterial colony count. The incorporating 30 g of moringa flour, produced the most advantageous results for color (3.37), texture (3.22), flavor (3.14), protein content (7.52%), fat content (7.81%), and pH (4.36). The quantity of bacterial colonies was 7.16 at a dilution of 10−6.
Antibacterial Properties of Ethanolic Extract, N -Hexane, and Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Rantiti Leaves (Cipadessa baccifera Roth. Ex Roth) Miq.) Against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella thypi
Authors: Cintya H , Parapat S A
Published: December 2024

Rantiti (Cipadessa baccifera) are plants from Meliaceae family that are widely used in traditional medicine. Rantiti leaves have phytochemical constituen such as tannis, phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins that provide a defense mechanism against various microorganism in the treatment of diarrhea. The aimed of this study was to investigate the antibacterial properties rantiti leaves. Antibacterial properties test with the disc diffusion method against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella thypi. The results of this study that the antibacterial properties of extracts of rantiti leaves showed the greatest zone of inhibition value in ethyl acetate fraction at concentration of 400 mg/ml that is 12.66 ± 0.25 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and 10.73 ± 0.7 mm against Salmonella thypi in the strong category. While the positive control, cotrimoxazole, has zone of inhibition value of 21.00 ± 0.42 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and 26.85 ± 0.91 mm against Salmonella thypi in the very strong category. The conclusion of this study that the extract from rantiti leaves have strong antibacterial properties against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella thypi.
The influential factor of the rice import problem in Indonesia
Authors: Lindawati  , Purba F S , Ayu S F , Darus M B
Published: December 2024

Indonesia’s rice imports demonstrate variability, peaking in 2023 at 3 million tons. This import volume is the second-highest documented from 1993 to 2023. This study seeks to evaluate the influence of harvest area, rice production, rice consumption, Indonesian GDP, exchange rate, and local rice price on the volume of rice imports. This study employs annual time series data from 1993 to 2023. This study employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) methodology. The study indicates that the ARDL model is defined by the variables of harvest area (LP), rice production (PB), rice consumption (KB), Indonesian GDP (GDP), exchange rate (NT), and local rice pricing (HB). All parameters, including variable t, the lag optimum of harvest area, rice production, rice consumption, Indonesian GDP, exchange rate, and local rice price, exert a considerable impact on the rice import variable (I) at a rate of 92%. Partially, I (-3), LP, LP (-1), PB (-1), and PDB (-1) significantly impact rice imports (I). Over the long run, LP, PB, KB, GDP, NT, and HB have no significant impact on the volume of rice imports. In the short term, I (-1), I (-2), LP, PDB (-1), HB, and HB (-1) significantly impact rice imports.
Analysis of factors influencing cow’s milk production in Suitable Environment of Kampung Susu Lawu, Magetan Regency, East Java
Authors: Purnomo S H , Sari A I , Rahayu E T , Emawati S , Dewanti R
Published: December 2024

This study will examine the variables that impact milk output from dairy cows in Kampung Susu Lawu. This study was conducted on a community dairy farm in the suitable environment of Plaosan subdistrict, Magetan regency, East Java Province. Data was collected using the purposive sampling approach. Multiple regression was analyzed to identify the parameters influencing milk output in dairy cows. The study findings indicate that the multiple linear regression model is Y = 3.160 + 0.001 X1-0.767 X2 + 0.120 X3-1.164. The regression analysis shows that the R2 coefficient value is 0.62, meaning that the independent variables forage, concentrate feed, land area, number of workers and number of family livestock influence milk production by 62% while 48% by outer variables. The findings of the F test show that the variables forage, concentrate feed, land area, labor, and number of animals simultaneously influence the milk production of farmers. The t test shows that forage, concentrate feed, land area and labor do not significantly influence the factors that influence milk production in dairy cows. The conclusion of this research is that factors that can influence milk production are the number of dairy cows.
Performance effectiveness of the Puncak Merapi Horticultural Farmer association as a red chili auction market in the Sleman Production Center Indonesia
Authors: Susanawati  , Azizah U , Man N
Published: December 2024

This research aims to gain a better understanding of the Puncak Merapi Horticultural Farmer Association (PPHPM) in Sleman Regency, its member profiles, its auction process, its effectiveness, and the relationship between its effectiveness and its member profiles. A total of 150 farmers made up the sample, gathered using proportional random sampling from each assembly point. Descriptive analysis and research scale were employed as the data analysis model. The analysis unveiled that PPHPM’s members, the farmers, and its profile as an auction market supported red chili auctions. The auctions began with farmers delivering red chilies to the assembly points, followed by weighing, sorting, grading, calculating the net weight, and entering data into the diPanen.id application, traders entering prices into the application, packaging, announcing the winner, payment, and the distribution of auction results. Relationships in the auction market, auction market output, and auction market flexibility were the top indicators of PPHPM’s effectiveness as a red chili auction market in Sleman Regency, placing it in the high category. A solid relationship existed between the member profiles and the effectiveness of PPHPM.
Evaluating climatic factors affecting cassava production in North Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Pane T C , Syaifullah A N , Salsabillah
Published: December 2024

Cassava is one of the crucial food crops in Indonesia. However, cassava production in several production centers in Indonesia tended to decrease annually. As one of the cassava production centers in Indonesia, data from 2010-2022 shows that North Sumatera once had experienced significant production growth, but the production started to decline again. Climate and weather changes are suspected to be one of the reasons for the difficulty in maintaining this production growth. This study aimed to analyze the impact of climate change, represented by temperature, air humidity, and rainfall, on cassava production in North Sumatera using the Ordinary Least Square estimation method to estimate a Multiple Linear Regression model. Climate change, represented by temperature and air humidity variables, had a positive but insignificant effect. In contrast, the rainfall variable negatively and significantly impacted cassava production. It indicated that the declining trend of cassava production in North Sumatera corresponded with the increasing average rainfall during the cultivation period. Average rainfall noticeably impacted the decline in output, while average temperature and air humidity had a minimal impact. The importance of increasing cassava production to ensure food security must acknowledge sustainability concepts to avoid long-term environmental and climate changes.
Food aid and sustainable development
Authors: Purba A R , Chalil D , Krisnamurthi B , Barus R
Published: December 2024

For households experiencing poverty, food needs represent the largest percentage of their expenditures. One of the government’s efforts to address these needs is the implementation of a food aid program. However, the amount of Bulog rice aid and the number of people experiencing poverty in North Sumatra Province do not follow a consistent trend. This study was conducted to determine the impact of food aid programs on poverty (SDG 1), food sufficiency (SDG 2), and health and well-being (SDG 3). Poverty is analyzed by examining the composition of food and non-food consumption; zero hunger is assessed through the frequency of rice consumption and purchasing; and health and well-being are evaluated through protein consumption. Data were obtained from a sample of 100 Beneficiary Families (KPM) in Medan Belawan District, which has the highest number of families experiencing poverty and KPM. The data were analyzed descriptively using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. The results show a significant change in household composition of food and non-food consumption, as well as the frequency of rice consumption and purchasing. Therefore, food aid could improve poverty and food sufficiency for the KPM. However, protein consumption among households has not changed significantly, thus their health and well-being have not yet improved.
Strategies for sustainability local sawang durian in North Aceh District
Authors: Suryadi  , Tanjung A F , Fadli  , Kembaren E T , Az-zahra A , Mustika J
Published: December 2024

With this existing potential, there are still fundamental problems that are still faced in the process. Most of the farming patterns are still multicultural systems using traditional technology. This research aims to: formulate strategies that can be implemented in the development of local Sawang Durian in North Aceh Regency. The research method used is SWOT analysis to obtain a strategy for the development of local Sawang Durian. The results of determining internal factor indicators (strengths-weaknesses), for strength factors, namely farmers’ experience, potential regional conditions or topography, land area owned, unique quality of durian fruit, easy plant maintenance process. Meanwhile, the weaknesses are the adoption of technology which is still simple, there is no guarantee of availability per season, lack of capital or is limited, the production capacity is still lacking or the quality and quantity is not yet continuous, there is no activity of farmer groups, while determining external factor indicators (opportunities-threats) for opportunity factors, namely import restriction policy, high market demand for durian, selling prices, availability of production facilities. Meanwhile, the threat factors are the presence of competitors from other regions, the threat of pests and diseases, unstable weather changes.
The manufacturing of a briquette press machine with a pneumatic system
Authors: Rizaldi T , Rini S
Published: December 2024

The use of green energy not only has the potential to preserve fossil fuel reserves but can also have a positive impact on the environment. Briquettes are one of the alternative fuels to reduce the use of fossil fuels. Manual and hydraulic printing of briquettes often experience problems, namely fluctuations in size and pressure in manual printing and leaks in the hydraulic system. Therefore, this research aims to make and test a briquette press machine with a pneumatic system to increase productivity and briquette quality. The results of this study indicate that the effective capacity of the machine is 3,179 kg/hour. The percentage of material left behind is 1.56%. The briquette density value reached 0,58 gr/cm3. The briquette moisture content value is 4.3% and the briquette compressive strength value is 7,22 kg/cm2. The production cost of briquettes is Rp.13,500/kg. BEP is 100 kg/year. R/C ratio is 1,265. NPV of Rp.345,915,642.25. The amount of IRR value obtained in this briquette processing is 45,66% and the PP of this business is 3,6 months. Based on the results of this study, it can be stated that this machine is feasible to use, and the briquette results have met the Indonesian briquette quality.
The study of tertiary irrigation channel in Pulau Gambar irrigation cannals for increase rice productivity
Authors: Nasution D L S , Suhilda
Published: December 2024

Tertiary Irrigation Channel used to experienced significant water loss. The lack of water would caused rice productivity decreased. This study is intended to evaluate the efficiency of tertiary irrigation channels in Pulau Gambar Irrigation Cannals and create a simulation and adjustment of combination channel design to optimize the efficiency. The result of the study shown the efficiency of first channel is 65.37%, the second channel efficiency is 60.25%, and the third channel is 64.87%. The flow velocity average is less than critical flow velocity would caused sedimentation in channel base that it needs to adjust the channel design to optimize the channel efficiency. The most optimize channel design for first channel by channel width (B) 0.35 m and channel depth (D) 0.18 m, the second channel got optimize design by channel width (B) 0.31 m and channel depth (D) 0.15 m, and the third channel got optimize design by channel width (B) 0.37 m and channel depth (D) 0.20
Impact of glycerol addition on cow manure biogas
Authors: Raju  , Saruksuk H W P P
Published: December 2024

Energy use increasing is caused by increasing population and lack of reserves to produce oil, and also problem of emissions from fossil fuels will put pressure on every country to be able to produce renewable energy. Biogas is a renewable energy that can be solution to alternative energy needs. This research aims to determine the effect of glycerol utilization in making biogas from cow dung. This research method used experimental method. The results showed that 0% glycerol temperature was 28.56°C, 5% glycerol temperature was 29.7°C, 10% glycerol temperature was 30.16°C and 15% glycerol temperature was 30.5°C, with upper pH of 0% glycerol was the lowest pH of 5.389 and 15% glycerol was the highest pH of 6.61, while lower pH of 0% glycerol was the lowest pH of 5.49 and also the highest pH was found in 15% glycerol which was 6.58. At 0% glycerol biogas volume yields 18.53 ml, 5% glycerol yields 25.18 ml, 10% glycerol yields 31.89 ml, and at 15% glycerol yields 55.51 ml. In the 0% glycerol flame test, it produces 46 seconds, 5% glycerol produces 1 minute 15 seconds, 10% glycerol produces 2 minutes 48 seconds and 15% glycerol produces 3 minutes 8 seconds.
Land equivalent ratio and competitive index of intercropping vetiver with soybean and organic mulch application
Authors: Lubis K S , Amalina A N
Published: December 2024

Intercropping is an agricultural method that involves planting more than one type of crop in the same area. The goal of this practice is to maximize the use of nutrients, water, and sunlight to achieve optimal results. This study aims to evaluate the chemical properties of soil as well as the growth of soybeans (Glycine max L. Merill) by using vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides) as an intercropping system and organic mulch application. The research design used random blocks with five treatments, namely K0 (soybean monoculture); K1 (intercropping of soybeans and vetiver); K2 (intercropping of soybeans and vetiver with organic mulch); K3 (soybeans with organic mulch); and K4 (vetiver monoculture), repeated five times each. The results showed that intercropping soybeans with vetiver added organic mulch did not increase soybean or vetiver growth. The land equivalency value for K1 treatment (intercropping of soybeans and vetiver) was recorded at 1.80, while the K2 treatment (intercropping with the addition of organic mulch) was 1.26. The competition index for K1 is 1.06 and for K2 is 0.80. These results show that intercropping soybeans with vetiver plus organic mulch is more advantageous compared to soybean monocultures.