bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE DESTRUCTIVE EFFORT OF THE CUTTING IN THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE BLADES OF DISC KNIFE AND HERBAL MASS
Authors: Kholodyuk Oleksandr
Published: September 2020

The process of cutting is widely used during the stockpiling and preparation of fodder - the processing of stems by the direct application of the force that arises at the cutting edge of the knife. Almost 85% of stem fodder are ground fodder for the stockpiling of which the forage harvesters are used.
Grinding of leaf mass is one of the most energy-consuming operations in the general process of stockpiling and the final quality of the fodder depends on it. The energy intensity of the grinding process is influenced by both the constructive and operating parameters of the machine, the cutting pair, and the physical and mechanical properties of the leaf-stem mass. Therefore, the development of grinding machines, the biter-knife in particular, should be carried out on the basis of detailed studies of the process of cutting grass mass, taking into account the current power and energy parameters.
The object of the study in this article was the process of cutting a herbal mass with a biter-knife grinding machine containing an active disk knives.
The purpose of the work was to establish the analytical dependence of the destructive cutting force in the interaction of the blade of the disk knive of biter-knife grinding machine with herbal mass.
The task of the work was: to analyze the researches and publications on establishing the effort of cutting a layer of leaf stem and influence of various factors on its magnitude; to establish a mathematical model of calculation the critical effort of cutting a layer of grass mass with a cutting pair: double finger of the feed rotor - a disk knife during the cutting with sliding.
The research methodology was based on the analysis of the interaction of the working parts of the grinding machine with herbal mass using the methods of theoretical mechanics.
In the scientific work the interaction of single-blade blade of a disk knife of a biter-knife grinding machine with a leaf-stem mass is considered under the condition of double-backed cutting with sliding. The force interaction of the knife`s blade with the grass mass was analyzed and the dependence (3) of the calculation of the critical destructive cutting force Rkr was determined. From the obtained expression it is established that its magnitude is influenced by both the constructive parameters of the cutting steam and the technological parameters of the grinding machine. Also the magnitude of the destructive force is affected by the transformed angle of sharpening of the blade of the disk knife and the sliding angle.
DETERMINATION OF ECONOMIC ADVISABLE DISTANCES OF AUTOMOBILE DELIVERY ON AUTOSERVICE ENTERPRISE
Authors: Mytko Mykola
Published: September 2020

In order to increase the efficiency of the operation of motor transport enterprises, the structure of production units for maintenance and repair of cars should be determined by the scope of work, taking into account the cost of implementation of the unit labor complexity of works. In case of inappropriateness of creating or maintaining an MTE of separate production units, maintenance and repairs of cars should be carried out at specialized service centers.
Therefore, with the improvement of production units of motor transport enterprises structure, it is important to provide economically expedient delivery distances for maintenance works and repair of cars by co-operation in car service companies, which provide relevant services.
The determination method of economically expedient distances of cars delivery and repair fund for car service companies is given. The cost of cars delivery and repair fund for 1 km to the car service companies or other motor transport enterprises (MTE), which accounts for 1 man-hour of labor-intensive maintenance and repair is determined.
The economically expedient delivery distances for maintenance and cars repair by cooperation in car service companies are determined. The results of the calculations show that for taxi-driven MTE economically appropriate in modern conditions of distance of delivery of cars to perform maintenance-1 and maintenance-2 are close to those recommended in literary sources. For truck and bus MTE the corresponding delivery distances for maintenance-1, maintenance-2 performance, ongoing repairs are significantly lower. When performing diagnostic works D-1 and D-2, most of the the district works of the ongoing repair, the economically reasonable distances of delivery to the car service companies are obtained that substantially exceed the recommendations given in the scientific literature.
CALCULATION OF NON-STANDARD W-PARAMETERS OF FOUR-POLE ON BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS
Authors: Vozniak Oleksandr , Shtuts Andrii
Published: September 2020

Improving the performance of microwave devices can be achieved both through the use of a fundamentally new element base, and through the use of new circuit designs. In this respect, the direction of use of the reactive properties of transistors as well as transistor structures with negative resistance for the construction of information-measuring systems and operating and computing devices of the microwave range is promising in this respect.
In order to confirm the proposed methods, it is necessary to compare the results of the experimental studies using the proposed methods and means of measuring the W-parameters of real potentially unstable four-poles. As such four-poles it is proposed to use bipolar and transistors with a wide range of frequencies of potential instability. The paper develops mathematical models of W-parameters of such structures and evaluates their parameters in the frequency range.
The active four-pole is a transistor model. Its W parameters can be determined either experimentally - for specific conditions or calculated - by using a physical transistor replacement circuit. In most cases, the calculation path is more acceptable because it allows to obtain analytical expressions for the four-pole, it is important in the analysis of the influence of various factors on the characteristics of the scheme under study.
The inertial properties of the transistor are already manifested at relatively low frequencies and must be taken into account in practically the entire operating range of the transistor. The theoretical model holds up to frequencies f  2fт (where ft is the limit frequency) [1,3]. At higher frequencies, it is necessary to consider the parasitic reactive parameters of real transistors, first of all, the inductance of the terminals.
A physically T-equivalent equivalent transistor replacement scheme was proposed by Pritchard in a simplified version [4]. It has several varieties, differing in the configuration of the circuit consisting of the resistance of the base material and the capacity of the collector junction. If we carefully consider and compare the T and U-shaped circuits of the transistor substitution, it can be noticed that they differ only in the configuration of their inne r part - the theoretical model. At high frequencies P and T, such circuits are not exact mutual equivalents. This is due to the approximation used in the transition from one circuit to another. However, the frequency characteristics of the circuits are very close. Each of them models the processes in the transistor with approximately the same accuracy, and in this sense they are equivalent.
OPTIMIZATION OF MECHANISM PARAMETERS FLOWERING PLANT WEIGHT MACHINES-TRAILERS TRAILER KPP-4,2
Authors: Malakov Alexander , Burlaka Sergiy , Yelenych Anatoliy
Published: September 2020

The article proposes a method of parametric synthesis of the device of flattening the plant mass of the mower-flatter of the trailed KPP-4,2. A method of modernization of the parameters of the flattening mechanism has been developed, which can be used in both trailed and self-propelled mowers.
It is established that the stability of plant mass flattening through the streets of the planting apparatus directly influences the energy costs of deformation of plant mass and indirectly the magnitude and rate of loss of moisture and nutrients in the flattened mass, which is largely determined by the structure and parameters of the mechanism of flattening (MP).
The analytical solution to the design problem of the flattening device KPP-4,2 has an iterative implementation of the analysis procedures based on the formed FMM, as well as the procedures of comparison and selection of options in the procedure of parametric synthesis of MP. It is to choose a combination of internal parameters of the flattening device, according to the selected structure of the MP, which, while satisfying the functional constraints, simultaneously stabilizes the pressure from the upper to the lower roller.
The analytical dependences of the operation of the trailed mower-conditioner KPP-4.2 on the height, density of grass stand, culture, agrotechnical requirements, field topography and physical and chemical composition of the soil have been established. Depending on the listed factors, the initial data and coefficients used in modeling change. As a result, we obtain the corresponding dependencies, show how the productivity and useful work of the mower changes from changes in the environmental parameters of the mowed mass and operating modes. Directly from the data obtained, it is possible to recommend the operating modes of the mower to obtain maximum performance on a particular background of work.
As a result, we received optimization data to improve the operation of the trailed mower-conditioner KPP-4,2 taking into account all variables and coefficients.
Imunosupresijos priežastys ir jos korekcijos galimybės esant infekcijai
Authors: Tamašauskienė Laura , Šitkauskienė Brigita
Published: September 2020

Imusupresija – tai būklė, susijusi su imuniteto slopinimu ir nepakankamu imuniniu atsaku, dar vadinamu imunodeficitu. Imunodeficitai skirstomi į pirminius ir antrinius. Dažniausiai susiduriama su antriniais imuninės sistemos pažeidimais, kurie yra įgyti, sąlygoti kitų ligų arba būklių. Pirminiai imunodeficitai (PID) – tai plati ligų grupė, kuriai būdingas bendras požymis – įgimtas tam tikros imuninės grandies sutrikimas. Specialieji imunologiniai tyrimai leidžia tiksliai nustatyti, kuri imuninės sistemos grandis yra pažeista ir pagal tai parinkti atitinkamą gydymą. Esant antriniam imunodeficitui, pirmiausia rekomenduojama išsiaiškinti jį sukėlusią priežastį ir ją šalinti. Sergant PID su antikūnų nepakankamumu, skiriama pakaitinė terapija žmogaus imunoglobulinu. Ląstelinių arba mišrių imunodeficitų atvejais gali būti atliekama kaulų čiulpų transplantacija. Esant komplemento komponentų stygiui skiriama pakaitinė terapija komplemento komponentais. Visais imunodeficitų atvejais paprastai reikalinga adekvati irlaiku skiriama infekcijų profilaktika. Moksliniai tyrimai rodo, jog kai kurie medikamentai, mikroelementai, vitaminai ir žoliniai preparatai gali teigiamai veikti imuninę sistemą. Šiame straipsnyje apibendrinamos dažniausios imunosupresijos priežastys bei jos korekcijos galimybės.
Ūminių plaučių infekcijų radiologinės diagnostikos principai
Authors: Zaveckienė Jurgita , Burovienė Vytautė
Published: September 2020

Įvairios plaučių infekcijos yra viena dažniausių klinikinių situacijų, lemiančių pacientų būklę, gydymo planą ir baigtis, taip pat yra viena svarbiausiųmirtingumą beimirštamumą didinančių priežasčių įvairiose sergančiųjų grupėse. Plaučių infekcijų diagnostika – vienas dažniausių klinikinės radiologinės diagnostikos praktikoje keliamų uždavinių. Vaizdiniai tyrimometodai yra svarbi šios patologijų grupės diagnostikos dalis, o anksti atpažinti ir kryptingai interpretuoti jų požymiai svarbūs įvertinant ligos sukėlėjus bei pasirenkant racionalų gydymą. Šio straipsnio tikslas – apžvelgti dažniausius ir būdingiausius radiologiniusplaučių infekcijų požymius bei jų derinius, atsižvelgiant į anatominius ir patofiziologinius uždegiminių procesų aspektus.
Peranan Akuntansi Pertanggungjawban Dalam Penilaian Kinerja Pusat Biaya
Authors: Martianti Meri Ananda , Iriyadi Iriyadi
Published: September 2020

Basically every company has a future plan. However to design the plan a study of the results from the previous year was needed. Accountability accounting is a financial reporting system that is related to the budget and realization, this is to appoint the competent in an organization. The purpose of this study was to find out how the role of accountability accounting in the performance assessment of cost centers in PDAM Tirta Pakuan Kota Bogor. The Method used is descriptive and qualitative analysis. The data used to measure performance is the 2016 financial report. The result of the study show that accountability accounting plays an important role because of the annual monthly and annual performance appraisal and the basis for budgeting that has been implemented by the PDAM Tirta Pakuan Kota Bogor. The result of performance appraisal are used to evaluate financial statements made by managers in optimizing costs, income, investment and profits in the company.   

 

Keywords: Accountability accounting, cost center performance.
Perbandingan Model Pembelajaran Learning Cycle 5E Dengan Model Tradisional Dalam Menigkatkan Kognitif Siswa
Authors: Perdana Ryzal
Published: September 2020

This study aims to 1) Know students' initial cognitive abilities in acid-base material, 2) Know students' cognitive enhancements in acid-base material, 3) Know the effectiveness of learning 5E Learning cycle in improving students' cognitive on acid-base material. Learning Cycle 5E learning model consists of 5 phases, namely Engagment phase, exploration, explaination, elaboration, and evaluation. Traditional learning models follow learning that is commonly used by teachers in everyday learning. This research is an experimental study with the number of samples in the experimental class using 30E learning cycle learning models as many as 30 students and control classes using traditional learning models of 30 students. The population in this study were all students of class XI SMA N 1 Pekalongan, Lampung. The sample in this study were students of Pekalongan 1 Public High School class XI IPA1 and XI IPA4 who had the same cognitive abilities. This study uses a quasi-experimental method with Non Equivalent (Pretest and Posttest) Control Group Design. The effectiveness of the 5E Learning Cycle learning model was measured based on the increase in students' cognitive abilities significantly. The results showed that the Learning Cycle 5E learning model was better at improving students' cognitive compared to Traditional methods. This can be seen from the average gain score of students' cognitive abilities for Traditional learning models and the 5E Learning Cycle Learning Model 0.53 and 0.65 respectively.
PERSEPSI SISWA DALAM STUDI PENGARUH DARING LEARNING TERHADAP MINAT BELAJAR IPA
Authors: Meidawati Sobron A.N, Bayu, Rani,
Published: September 2020

Daring Learning provides effective learning methods, such as practicing with the existence of relevant feedback, combining collaborative activities with independent learning. Learning in the classroom with a combination of online learning gives students more interest. This study aims to develop a study of the influence of Daring Learning on the interest in learning science of grade VI students at third Elementary School of Karanglo Tawangmangu. This research method consist 26 students using quasi-experimental methods (Quasi Experiments), the population divided into 2 classes including class VI A with 13 students and class VI B with 13 students. Sampling taken in class VI A as the experimental class and class VI B as the control class. The results showed that the learning process using the Daring Learning method especially in science at third Elementary School of Karanglo Tawangmangu had used interesting media, concluding that Daring Learning-based interactive learning media, students were increasingly enthusiastic and not boring especially in learning science using the Daring Learning method. Based on the research stated on the questionnaire responses of students with Daring Learning, it shows that the cateralization is agrees to allow Daring Learning method in third Elementary School of Karanglo Tawangmangu.
PENTINGNYA PERAN ORANGTUA DALAM MEMBENTUK KEPRIBADIAN ANAK
Authors: Samsudin Samsudin
Published: September 2020

The role of parents in the formation of children's personality is very important, in forming the personality of parents must be a figure or give a good example early on, because it can affect the child to grow up to become an adult. The child's personality is formed depending on how parents educate, nurture and apply morals to the child since childhood, so that later in adulthood the child will get used to what is taught by both parents. The formation of the child's personality is not easy for parents, because if parents overestimate the formation of personality and character of children, then children will grow up to become children who often commit fraud, therefore parents must really pay attention to the importance of the formation process the personality of children from an early age and provide a good example also familiarizes with good things so that children grow up to be children who have good personalities and have good characters too.
Influencia del uso de la ELT Platform en el rendimiento académico en la asignatura de inglés
Authors: Mogollón Angelica
Published: September 2020

La investigación surgió con el objetivo de identificar si el uso de la plataforma educativa ELT Platform influye en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de la asignatura de inglés, para ello se desarrolló una investigación de tipo explicativo y diseño cuasi-experimental. 40 estudiantes fueron parte del grupo experimental, ellos trabajaron con sesiones en el aula y laboratorio de cómputo, y 40 estudiantes fueron parte del grupo control, ellos desarrollaron las clases con sesiones tradicionales en aula. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron una prueba, una lista de cotejo y un cuestionario. Los resultados de la investigación indicaron que el uso de la ELT Platform influye en el rendimiento académico en la asignatura inglés. También se evidenció que el uso pedagógico de la plataforma durante las sesiones de laboratorio se relaciona moderadamente con el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes; así mismo, con una correlación baja los resultados mostraron que las características de la plataforma interfieren en el rendimiento académico y que la opinión de los estudiantes sobre la plataforma produce algún efecto en su rendimiento académico. Finalmente, se concluyó que los estudiantes valoran positivamente trabajar con la plataforma y que el aprendizaje combinado genera mejores resultados que la enseñanza tradicional.
Accounting for the Whole: Why Pantheism is on a Metaphysical Par with Complex Theism
Authors: Cohoe Caleb
Published: September 2020

Pantheists are often accused of lacking a sufficient account of the unity of the cosmos and its supposed priority over its many parts. I argue that complex theists, those who think that God has ontologically distinct parts or attributes, face the same problems. Current proposals for the metaphysics of complex theism do not offer any greater unity or ontological independence than pantheism, since they are modeled on priority monism. I then discuss whether the formal distinction of John Duns Scotus offers a way forward for complex theists. I show that only those classical theists who affirm divine simplicity are better off with respect to aseity and unity than pantheists. Only proponents of divine simplicity can fairly claim to have found a fully independent ultimate being.
Nathan Ballantyne: Knowing Our Limits
Authors: Bergmann Michael
Published: September 2020

Knowing Our Limits, by Nathan Ballantyne. Oxford University Press, 2019. Pp. xi + 326. $39.95 (hardcover).
GESTÃO E PARTICIPAÇÃO ESCOLAR UMA VISÃO PARA O SUCESSO DE UMA EDUCAÇÃO EFETIVA
Authors: Luiz da Silva Walto , Aparecida de Oliveira Rejane
Published: September 2020

Este artigo sobre gestão escolar é uma revisão bibliográfica dos melhores modelos de gestão escolar, onde terá uma parceria entre   instituição e a comunidade onde ela será inserida, alunos, famílias, professores e funcionários que cooperam e que opinam para o sucesso da gestão da escola. Nesta gestão todos têm voz e visam sempre o melhor para a escola. Planejar excelência da gestão  emocrática e participativa na unidade escolar, trará benefícios para toda a unidade escolar, onde todos ajudam na tomada de  ecisão, o resultado será efetivamente positivo. Essa tarefa serve para contribuir na implementação das mudanças, ajudando a criar  m clima organizacional favorável a toda a comunidade, pois todos ajudam na tomada de decisão.
A büntetõjogi rágalmazás és becsületsértés
Authors: Nagy Péter
Published: September 2020

This book is the 27th volume of the Library for Media Sciences. The author has set the objective on one side to give an overview about theoretic problems arising or eventually arising in case of limitations of criminal character in defence of free speech, dignity and honour and on the other side to skeletonise answers given and to be given in the countries applying such limitations mostly in Europe and highlighted in Hungary. As the third ambition was set disclosure and analysis of appropriate practice of the European Court of Human Rights.
A A Multi-Objective Mathematical Model for Vehicle Routing Problem Considering the Time Window and Economic and Environmental Objectives Using the Metaheuristic Algorithm Based on Pareto Archive
Authors: Asadifard Elnaz , Adlifard Maryam , Taghipour Mohammad , Shamami Nader
Published: September 2020

Purpose:  The purpose of this study is the well-known Heterogeneous Fleet Vehicle Routing Problem (HVRP) is one of the developed problems of vehicle routing, which involves optimizing a set of routes for a fleet of vehicles with different costs and capacities.

Methods: HVRP is usually modeled as a single objective that aims to minimize overall transportation costs (total fixed costs and costs commensurate with total distance).

Results: These vehicles are located in the central depot and serve customers’ demands.

Implications: In this case, the number of vehicles available (of any type) may be limited.
X-Ray Spectroscopy in the Microcalorimeter Era. I. Effects of Fe xxiv Resonant Auger Destruction on Fe xxv Kα Spectra
Authors: Chakraborty P. , Ferland G. J. , Chatzikos M. , Guzmán F. , Su Y.
Published: September 2020

We discuss the importance of Fe23+ in determining the line intensities of the Fe xxv Kα complex in an optically thick cloud, and investigate resonant auger destruction (RAD) with CLOUDY. Although initially motivated by the Perseus cluster, our calculations are extended to the wide range of column densities encountered in astronomy. A Fe xxv line photon can change/lose its identity upon absorption by three-electron iron as a result of “line interlocking.” This may lead to the autoionization of the absorbing ion, ultimately destroying the Fe xxv Kα photon by RAD. Out of the four members in the Fe xxv Kα complex, a significant fraction of the x line photons are absorbed by Fe23+ and destroyed, causing the x line intensity to decrease. For example, at a hydrogen column density of 1025 cm−2, ∼32% of x photons are destroyed due to RAD while w is mostly unaffected. The line intensity of y is slightly (≤2%) reduced. z is not directly affected by RAD, but the contrasting behavior between z and x line intensities points toward the possible conversion of a tiny fraction (∼2%) of x photons into z photons. The change in line intensities due to electron scattering escape off fast thermal electrons is also discussed.
Formation of Foreshock Transients and Associated Secondary Shocks
Authors: An Xin , Liu Terry Z. , Bortnik Jacob , Osmane Adnane , Angelopoulos Vassilis
Published: September 2020

Upstream of shocks, the foreshock is filled with hot ions. When these ions are concentrated and thermalized around a discontinuity, a diamagnetic cavity bounded by compressional boundaries, referred to as a foreshock transient, forms. Sometimes, the upstream compressional boundary can further steepen into a secondary shock, which has been observed to accelerate particles and contribute to the primary shock acceleration. However, secondary shock formation conditions and processes are not fully understood. Using particle-in-cell simulations, we reveal how secondary shocks are formed. From 1D simulations, we show that electric fields play a critical role in shaping the shock’s magnetic field structure, as well as in coupling the energy of hot ions to that of the shock. We demonstrate that larger thermal speed and concentration ratio of hot ions favor the formation of a secondary shock. From a more realistic 2D simulation, we examine how a discontinuity interacts with foreshock ions leading to the formation of a foreshock transient and a secondary shock. Our results imply that secondary shocks are more likely to occur at primary shocks with higher Mach number. With the secondary shock’s previously proven ability to accelerate particles in cooperation with a planetary bow shock, it is even more appealing to consider them in particle acceleration of high Mach number astrophysical shocks.
Archival VLBA Observations of the Cygnus A Nuclear Radio Transient (Cyg A-2) Strengthen the Tidal Disruption Event Interpretation
Authors: Tingay Steven J. , Miller-Jones James C. A. , Lenc Emil
Published: September 2020

We have analyzed archival Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) data for Cygnus A between 2002 and 2013, to search for radio emission from the transient discovered in 2015 by Perley et al. approximately 0.″4 from the nucleus of Cygnus A (Cyg A-2). Perley et al. use Very Large Array and VLBA archival data (between 1989 and 1997) to show that the transient rises in flux density by a factor of at least 5 in less than approximately 20 yr. With the additional data presented here, we revise the rise time to between approximately 4 and 6 yr, based on a new detection of the source at 15.4 GHz from 2011 October. Our results strengthen the interpretation of Cyg A-2 as the result of a tidal disruption event (TDE), as we can identify the location of the compact object responsible for the TDE and can estimate the angular expansion speed of the resulting radio-emitting structures, equivalent to an apparent expansion speed of <0.9c. While our results are consistent with recent X-ray analyses, we can rule out a previously suggested date of early 2013 for the timing of the TDE. We favor a timing between early 2009 and late 2011. Applying the model of Nakar & Piran, we suggest a TDE causing a mildly relativistic outflow with a (density-dependent) total energy >1049 erg. Due to the improved temporal coverage of our archival measurements, we find that it is unlikely that Cyg A-2 has previously been in a high luminosity radio state over the last 30 yr.
Comprendre les évangéliques
Authors: Lhermenault Étienne
Published: September 2020

Le monde évangélique attire l’attention, du fait de certaines de leurs options politiques aux États-Unis. Très diversifié, il est souvent mal connu. Quelques principes le fondent, comme la libre association des croyants, le sacerdoce universel qui conduit à un fonctionnement démocratique et l’importance de la conversion. La proximité des élections américaines conduit à s’interroger sur le rôle que jouent les évangéliques. Il est plus diversifié qu’on ne le croit.
Leçons du confinement pour l’Église
Authors: Join-Lambert Arnaud
Published: September 2020

La pandémie de Covid-19 apparaît comme un miroir de la situation de l’Église catholique, aussi bien dans le champ liturgique, dans celui de la solidarité et dans celui du fonctionnement ecclésial. Le tableau est contrasté. Des habitudes cléricales ont cohabité avec des initiatives plus « synodales ». Des leçons sont à en tirer pour aller toujours davantage vers une « Église en sortie ».
Machine Learning Perspective in Cancer Research
Authors: Sharma Aman , Rani Rinkle
Published: September 2020

Advancement in genome sequencing technology has empowered researchers to think beyond their imagination. Researchers are trying their hard to fight against various genetic diseases like cancer. Artificial intelligence has empowered research in the healthcare sector. Moreover, the availability of opensource healthcare datasets has motivated the researchers to develop applications which can help in early diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. Further, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has helped to look into detailed intricacies of biological systems. It has provided an efficient and cost-effective approach with higher accuracy. The advent of microRNAs also known as small noncoding genes has begun the paradigm shift in oncological research. We are now able to profile expression profiles of RNAs using RNA-seq data. microRNA profiling has helped in uncovering their relationship in various genetic and biological processes. Here in this chapter, the authors present a review of the machine learning perspective in cancer research.
Diagnosis and Prognosis of Ultrasound Fetal Growth Analysis Using Neuro-Fuzzy Based on Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Kaur Parminder , Kaur Prabhpreet , Singh Gurvinder
Published: September 2020

Acquisition of the standard plane is the prerequisite of biometric measurement and diagnosis during the ultrasound (US) examination. Based upon the analysis of existing algorithms for the automatic fetal development measurement, a new algorithm known as neuro-fuzzy based on genetic algorithm is developed. Firstly, the fetal ultrasound benchmark image is auto-pre-processed using normal shrink homomorphic technique. Secondly, the features are extracted using gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), grey level run length matrix (GLRLM), intensity histogram (IH), and rotation invariant moments (IM). Thirdly, neuro-fuzzy using genetic approach is used to distinguish among the fetus growth as abnormal or normal. Experimental results using benchmark and live dataset demonstrate that the developed method achieves an accuracy of 97% as compared to the state-of-the-art methods in terms of parameters such as sensitivity, specificity, recall, f-measure, and precision rate.
Heuristic Approach Performances for Artificial Neural Networks Training
Authors: Çevik Kerim Kürşat
Published: September 2020

This chapter aimed to evaluate heuristic approach performances for artificial neural networks (ANN) training. For this purpose, software that can perform ANN training application was developed using four different algorithms. First of all, training system was developed via back propagation (BP) algorithm, which is the most commonly used method for ANN training in the literature. Then, in order to compare the performance of this method with the heuristic methods, software that performs ANN training with genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and artificial immunity (AI) methods were designed. These designed software programs were tested on the breast cancer dataset taken from UCI (University of California, Irvine) database. When the test results were evaluated, it was seen that the most important difference between heuristic algorithms and BP algorithm occurred during the training period. When the training-test durations and performance rates were examined, the optimal algorithm for ANN training was determined as GA.
The Role of Nature Sports Guides to Sustainable Local Development
Authors: Melo Ricardo , Leite Diogo
Published: September 2020

The overall aim of this case study was to understand the role of nature sports guides in promoting sustainable local development. The study adopted a qualitative and descriptive case study approach. Data was collected from participant observation in one nature sports tourism company established in the area of Coimbra region in the centre of Portugal, as well as in-depth semi-structured qualitative interviews applied to a sample of 30 nature sports guides working in nature sports tourism companies, established in the same region. The data collected from both participant observation and interviews were analysed through categorical content analysis. The findings reveal that the nature sports guides have already adopted certain sustainability practices in the analysed dimensions. However, the greatest focus of the nature sports guides is the instrumental role. Findings of this study are important for both the industry and academy and some strategies will be discussed so that the great potential of nature sports for the promotion of sustainable local development can be reached.
Interface for Composing Queries That Include Subqueries for Complex Databases
Authors: Martínez F. José A. , González-Barbosa Juan Javier , Castillo German
Published: September 2020

Currently, there exist tools for query composition that can be used by users who are not skillful in a DB query language such as SQL. Many tools are difficult to use, and others cannot answer some queries that inexperienced users would like to formulate. This chapter describes the new functionality developed for a query composition interface, which allows inexperienced users to compose queries that involve one, two, or three subqueries without the need to have any knowledge of neither SQL nor the database schema. The experimental tests showed that users could easily compose queries that involve one subquery. Furthermore, the new functionality preserves the domain independence of the previous version of the interface. Additionally, like the earlier version, the latest release offers language independence; that is, it can be configured for other languages similar to Spanish, for example English, French, Italian, and Portuguese.
An Opinion Mining Approach for Drug Reviews in Spanish
Authors: Castro-Pérez Karina , Sánchez-Cervantes José Luis , Salas-Zárate María del Pilar , Bustos-López Maritza , Rodríguez-Mazahua Lisbeth
Published: September 2020

In recent years, the application of opinion mining has increased as a boom and growth of social media and blogs on the web, and these sources generate a large volume of unstructured data; therefore, a manual review is not feasible. For this reason, it has become necessary to apply web scraping and opinion mining techniques, two primary processes that help to obtain and summarize the data. Opinion mining, among its various areas of application, stands out for its essential contribution in the context of healthcare, especially for pharmacovigilance, because it allows finding adverse drug events omitted by the pharmaceutical companies. This chapter proposes a hybrid approach that uses semantics and machine learning for an opinion mining-analysis system by applying natural-language-processing techniques for the detection of drug polarity for chronic-degenerative diseases, available in blogs and specialized websites in the Spanish language.
Leadership and Team Dynamics for a Successful Agile Organisational Culture
Authors: Balasubramaniyan S. M.
Published: September 2020

Agile Manifesto refers to Leadership and Team characteristics in three out of the twelve principles of Agile software. Clearly, the ‘people' in the organisation play a critical role in the success of Agile software development. Many studies have been done on the various aspects of the Leadership and Team characteristics in respect of the role, the behaviour, the process and the structure. While most of these studies are related to the role and behaviour aspects of the leadership and the teams, this chapter attempts to supplement them with those aspects that are related to structure, internal and external interfaces and interactions, to ensure that the Agile engagements are planned and executed successfully and consistently. The emphasis in this chapter is the Organisation Culture that must be conducive for sure success of Agile projects and Scrum teams.
Integrating Agile Teams Into the Organization
Authors: Goodwin Van , Logan James W.
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this chapter to is examine the issues involved in the integration of Agile teams into existing organizations that have not previously incorporated Agile teams, and suggest mechanisms that can make the integration process more efficient and effective. Issues and solutions discussed include conflicting environmental viewpoints, differing project end-point definitions, organizational reporting, budgeting and financial performance reporting challenges, and the special challenge of legacy technologies to Agile teams. Methods discussed for successful integration of Agile teams into existing organizations include leadership selection, use of cross-functional team members, appropriate performance measures, funding for the team, and effective communication within and among the organizational members.
An Investigation Into Product Owner Practices in Scrum Implementations
Authors: Schwarz Andrew , Baham Corey , Davis James
Published: September 2020

The utilization of the Scrum methodology delineates a separation of roles for a product team, with the Product Owner being responsible for identifying and describing product backlog items and making decisions regarding the priority of these items, ensuring business requirements are being met, and providing feedback throughout the project to the team to ensure that there is success in the deployment of the IT solution. Despite the importance of this role, there is scant research to examine the effectiveness of the Product Owner in the outcomes of the Scrum effort. In this chapter, the authors study and empirically evaluate the efficacy of the Product Owner and the practices and procedures that are inherent to the Scrum methodology, as well as the intervening effects of the challenges of the development process and the changing requirements. They conclude by presenting the results of the analysis and the implications of the findings for future work in Scrum, as well as what the research means for Product Owners within organizations that are employing the Scrum methodology.
Human Resource Management in Agile Scrum Processes
Authors: Zingoni Matthew
Published: September 2020

The value agile scrum process can generate is not guaranteed simply by mere adoption. Rather the process creates an opportunity for improvement in the development process. Mismanagement of the approach by an organization can reduce the potential added value or in extreme situations have a negative impact. Therefore, appropriate management procedures are necessary to realize the full potential of the agile scrum approach. This chapter focuses on the human resource challenges the agile scrum approach creates for an organization. The dynamic pace, cross-functional composition, and self-directed team approach requires special consideration in the development of most human resource functions. In particular, the authors will review changes to the employee selection, performance management, and learning and career development processes. These changes will better align these functions with the values and principals of the agile scrum approach and help organizations manage this sometimes chaotic approach to innovation without constraining it.
Decision Making in Complex Environments
Authors: Smith Kevin M.
Published: September 2020

Bayesian probability theory, signal detection theory, and operational decision theory are combined to understand how one can operate effectively in complex environments, which requires uncommon skill sets for performance optimization. The analytics of uncertainty in the form of Bayesian theorem applied to a moving object is presented, followed by how operational decision making is applicable to all complex environments. Large-scale dynamic systems have erratic behavior, so there is a need to effectively manage risk. Risk management needs to be addressed from the standpoint of convergent technology applications and performance modeling. The example of an airplane during takeoff shows how a risk continuum needs to be developed. An unambiguous demarcation line for low, moderate, and high risk is made and the decision analytical structure for all operational decisions is developed. Three mission-critical decisions are discussed to optimize performance: to continue or abandon the mission, the approach go-around maneuver, and the takeoff go/no-go decision.
Lightweight Nanocomposites Polymers for Shielding Application
Authors: Darwish Mohamed
Published: September 2020

Electromagnetic waves can have serious effects on human health by long-term exposure. Developing lightweight materials with good electromagnetic radiation shielding (EMS) that could prevent interference is a high desire for protection. Nanocomposites polymers have a wide range of potential applications and offers suggested solutions in environmental and aerospace applications. This chapter will cover the current challenge in the reduction of electromagnetic wave by developing lightweight absorber material with a wide absorption frequency. A wide range of different nanocomposites polymers contain conductive fillers such as metal or magnetic nanoparticles and carbon-based materials will be discussed. In addition, EMS mechanisms of reflection, absorption, and multiple reflections will be discussed. The unique of the chemical and physical properties of nanocomposites polymers are promising for shielding with low-cost environmentally friendly material.
Analysis of Aviation Incidents Using the GERT-Network Taking Into Account the Psychological Characteristics of the Operator
Authors: Yakunina Iryna , Salem Abdel-Badeeh M. , Yakunin Roman
Published: September 2020

In this chapter, the authors considered the construction of network models of aviation incidents taking into account the psychological characteristics of the operator. In particular, the GERT-network of aviation disaster was built. Applying of software to calculate the elements of the GERT-network was presented. The use of network models in the analysis of aviation incidents allows one to visualize the cause-and-effect relationship in aviation incidents and gives the opportunity to obtain quantitative characteristics of the incident for subsequent analysis.
Drones in Healthcare
Authors: Anbaroğlu Berk
Published: September 2020

This chapter discusses the use of drones in healthcare with a specific focus on humanitarian logistics. Drones have already been used in healthcare in different aspects, including transfer of blood products, search and rescue missions, or collecting different types of data including aerial photographs, air quality, or radiation levels. Even though the published research evidence in the area of “drones in healthcare” is almost 1% of the broader area of “drones,” the progress in public acceptance, regulations, as well as technology is undeniable. This chapter summarizes the different aspects regarding the use of drones in healthcare, while specifically focusing on humanitarian logistics. The SWOT analysis indicate that the strengths and opportunities weigh more than the weaknesses and threats, suggesting that drones will revolutionize the way medical supplies are delivered within the coming years.
Factors Influencing Passenger Choice in a Multiple Airport System
Authors: Pan Jing Yu , Truong Dothang
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this article is to examine factors that influence passengers' decision in selecting an airport in a multiple airport system (MAS). This article focuses on a MAS in China consisting of two airports that directly compete with each other in serving domestic and international passengers in the same area. A survey was conducted in the Beijing area to collect the data, and a logistic regression was used to test the effects of these factors on the passenger choice. The results indicate that airfare is the most significant determinant of Beijing passengers' airport choice, followed by flight delay.
Emerging Trends of Space-Based Wireless Sensor Network and Its Applications
Authors: Kuruba Padmaja , Sutagundar A. V.
Published: September 2020

There is a great demand in space and earth observations applications. Traditional satellite missions have complex design architecture involving high cost in design, operation, launch and maintenance. Thus single large satellite is replaced by multiple, small satellites with distributed network, collaboratively performing the same functionality of large satellite. This has been motivated researchers to explore the application of terrestrial Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) to space. The main objective of using space based WSN is to have full power of remote sensing capabilities at all the relevant time horizons and geographical scales with high performance and low cost. It also strives for an optimal solution that gratifies the standards, sizes, air interfaces, network architecture, access schemes, fault tolerance, operating system, hardware components of on-board diagnostics etc. This chapter discusses the characteristics and challenges of Space-Based Wireless Sensor Network (SWSN).
The Future for Civilian UAV Operations
Authors: Kille Tarryn , Bates Paul R. , Lee Seung Young , Kille David Murray
Published: September 2020

The future looks bright for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Their ability to carry sophisticated imaging equipment attached to lightweight vehicles, to hover in position despite incremental weather conditions, to fly simple missions, and takeoff and land automatically, combined with their comparatively (compared to manned aircraft) lower investment and operational costs has driven a paradigm shift in the history of air transport. This chapter is organized around six themes that underscore the current discourse regarding the future of UAVs in civilian commercial operations, as well as highlighting the discussions of the previous chapters regarding policy and certification, technology, training, social and economic forces, air cargo, and the effect of UAVs on other sectors of the air transport industry.
Innovations in Teaching-Learning and Evaluation
Authors: Kumar Jyothi
Published: September 2020

The term ‘teaching-learning' intrinsically expresses the ongoing learning process that every educator constantly experiences; to teach is to learn and to engage in knowledge updation continually. Indeed, it may be argued that the very basis of being a teacher is the facilitation of one's own learning opportunities and skill sets. In investigating the evolution of teaching-learning processes at CHRIST, one may define the university's growth using the key concept of ‘innovation'. Whether it be the humanities, social sciences, life sciences, or business studies, innovations in teaching-learning methods are imperative in any globally conscious education system today. Two of the key areas of focus in terms of innovations in the teaching learning process are the practical application of knowledge and learnt skills.
Global Brand and Global Consumers
Authors: Alam Mirza Mohammad Didarul , Patwary Ataul Karim
Published: September 2020

In this era of digitalization, the world is now at the palm of the consumers due to high connectivity through the Internet. Consumers across the borders are simply a click away from a wide variety of global brands. However, the differences in cultural, political, technological, and environmental forces in the foreign country put the global marketers into a greater challenge to successfully operate their businesses. Hence, the marketers across the borders must be concerned about recent trends and tailored their marketing initiatives to adjust with the changing pattern. To ensure the success of the global brands, marketers should always be careful about several brand relates issues, such as satisfaction, trust, romance, love, and loyalty of the brands. Moreover, given the world as a melting pot of culture, global marketers have no choice but to follow hybridization, creolization, and glocalization strategies. Finally, today's global marketers must be careful enough regarding the digital generations (Gen Y and Z) as they offer themselves as a lucrative but challenging market.