bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A human rights based approach to trafficking in human beings
Authors: Rijken Conny
Published: March 2011

A human rights based approach to trafficking in human beings (THB) is often fostered but not applied in practice. Based on the human rights legal framework the state obligations are identified. These obligations, to criminalize THB, to prosecute THB, to protect and assist victims and to address the root causes, are not addressed in an equal way since the main focus of counter trafficking measures focus on the criminalisation and the prosecution. To also address the assistance and protection of victims and the root causes of THB additional measures are required. It is proposed to make the needs of THB-victims leading instead of criminal law interests, and to develop a Victim Assistance and Protection Package (VAPP). The root causes of THB emerge both on the supply side and the demand side. Suggestions are made to improve the situation on both sides with the ultimate aim to prevent THB.
Lost in implementation? Human rights rhetoric and violations — a critical review of current European anti-trafficking policies
Authors: Uhl Bärbel Heide
Published: March 2011

Human rights rhetoric is a predominant approach in European anti-trafficking policies. Human rights activists, however, criticize measures designed to combat trafficking in human beings as being inherent harmful and a violation of human rights. The article examines the historical foundations and rationale of the anti-trafficking framework and focuses on two central concepts that pose a challenge to the overall understanding of trafficking due to the lack of international legal definitions, namely the concept of 'exploitation' and 'trafficked person'. The author argues that a clarification of these concepts should be worked upon and consequently the culture and politics of the external identification of trafficked persons should be transformed into securing the agency of (migrant) workers.
The Development of the Responsibility to Protect – From Evolving Norm to Practice
Authors: Knight W. Andy
Published: March 2011

Why does the genocidal mentality persist? Is there hope that humankind can curb or end the shocking mass atrocities that have plagued our globe over the last century and during the beginning of this century? These questions are addressed in this essay through an examination of the evolution of the normative narrative that resulted in the eventual emergence of the concept of 'responsibility to protect' (R2P or RtoP). The evolution of this narrative includes the genocide convention, the promulgation and promotion of universal human rights, the recognition that war crimes and other crimes against humanity are the gravest of all crimes and ought to be punished, the utilisation of humanitarian intervention as a means of curbing egregious mass atrocities, the imposition of punitive and smart sanctions to stem genocidal practices, the codification of international criminal law, enforcement measures through Chapter VII of the UN Charter, the introduction of ad hoc criminal tribunals and the establishment of a permanent international criminal court through the Rome Statute to punish individuals who commitment core crimes, the advocacy of norm entrepreneurs, and the conceptual work of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) that eventually led to the embrace of the R2P norm by the international community. rough that evolving narrative the level of consciousness of people and their state leaders has been raised in regards to the need to see and treat all people on our planet – regardless of race, ethnicity, religion, or social standing – with human dignity, and to focus on 'putting people first' when it comes to security. It is argued in this essay that R2P builds upon the foundation of this narrative a new normative architecture designed to address the most egregious of crimes (core crimes) committed against innocent people. Despite efforts to derail its implementation, the R2P norm may eventually turn words into deeds, and promise into practice if it is allowed to become more robust.
Systematics of Cyclanthura gen. n., a new genus of Derelomini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Franz Nico
Published: March 2011

Cyclanthura, gen. n., is described to accommodate the following 15 new Neotropical species of Derelomini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae): C. laticola, sp. n.; C. sphaerata, sp. n.; C. cordata, sp. n.; C. dentata, sp. n.; C. pilosa, sp. n.; C. capitulata, sp. n.; C. tenuicola, sp. n.; C. carinata, sp. n.; C. uncinata, sp. n.; C. oculata, sp. n.; C. cultrata, sp. n.; C. striata, sp. n.; C. bipartita, sp. n.; C. crepidula, sp. n.; and C. palmata, sp. n. The monophyly of Cyclanthura is indicated by the putatively synapomorphic elytral elevations and impressions, the posteriorly explanate female tergum VIII, and the posteriorly emarginate female tergum IX. These and various other characteristics - e.g.transformations in the apical region of the male median lobe - distinguish Cyclanthura from Phyllotrox Schönherr to which its species would have been assigned until now. Particular species of Cyclanthura are considered to pollinate and reproduce on the inflorescences of Araceae (Anthurium) and Cyclanthaceae (Asplundia, Carludovica, Sphaeradenia, and Cyclanthus). Several significant host plant transitions appear to have evolved within the genus. These patterns are discussed in the light of a phylogeny of the species of Cyclanthura which is based on an analysis of 22 taxa and 32 characters.
Towards a phylogeny of Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae). Is morphology alone sufficient to reconstruct the genealogical relationship?
Authors: Ekrem Torbjørn
Published: March 2011

A phylogenetic analysis of species potentially belonging to the Tanytarsus eminulus, gregarius, mendax and lugens species groups is performed using morphological characters from the adult male, pupa and larva. The results show that morphological characters do not support the postulated monophyly of the eminulus, gregarius, lugens and mendax group combined in unweighted parsimony analyses, and that a constraint based on unique synapomorphies and evidence from molecular data have to be used in order to produce cladograms with reasonable topologies. Four reasons for this are discussed: Few taxa, few characters, choice of secondary outgroup taxa and a high amount of homoplasy in the data set. A hierarchial analysis procedure is used to avoid the numerous question marks in the complete data matrix. In the preferred tree, the traditional species groups within Tanytarsus are kept, and one new species group, the mcmillani group, comprising only old Gondwanan species is erected. The results are compared to other recent studies on chironomid species relationships, and comments are given to the zoogeographical patterns of the species in the eminulus, gregarius, lugens, mcmillani and mendax species groups.
A new exceptional Meligethes of the M. aeneus species-group from Western Alps and an updated key to identification of M. aeneus and allied species (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae: Meligethinae)
Authors:   De Biase,   Antonini,   Audisio
Published: March 2011

A new Meligethes from Italian Maritime Alps (Piedmont, Cuneo province), member of the M. aeneus species-group, is described as M. salvan sp. n. The new taxon, despite sharing a few important morphological features with members of the M. aeneus species-complex, is very distinct due to a peculiar combination of characters. The systematic position of Meligethes salvan sp. n. is rather problematic, this new species probably representing a true “palaeoendemic relict” of Tertiary origin, as a few other well-known isolated species of different taxonomic groups, endemic to the crystalline Ercinian massifs of the SW Maritime Alps. The new synonymy Meligethes asperrimus Guillebeau, 1897 = Meligethes flavimanus Stephens, 1830 is introduced, while Meligethes gracilis C. Brisout de Barneville, 1863, recently erroneously synonymyzed with M. aeneus (Fabricius, 1775) by a Russian author, is resurrected at a specific rank. A provisional key to the identification of Meligethes aeneus and allied Holarctic species is finally presented.
The Patagonian species of the subgenus Forcipomyia (Metaforcipomyia) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), with a key to the New World species
Authors: Marino Pablo , Spinelli Gustavo
Published: March 2011

The following three new species of Forcipomyia (Metaforcipomyia) from southern Argentina and Chile are described and illustrated: F. mapuche and F. morenoi from northwestern Patagonia, and F. darwini from Deceit island in the Cape Horn. The previously known, spotted-wing species F. maculosa Ingram & Macfie is placed in the subgenus Metaforcipomyia, and notes on its type are provided. Forcipomyia galliarii Marino & Spinelli is excluded from the subgenus Metaforcipomyia and is considered to belong to the subgenus Euprojoannisia Brèthes. A key to females and males of the seven New World species of the subgenus is included. Se describen e ilustran las siguientes tres especies nuevas de Forcipomyia (Metaforcipomyia) del sur de la Argentina y Chile: F. mapuche y F. morenoi del noroeste de la Patagonia, y F. darwini de la isla Deceit en el Cabo de Hornos. Se incluye en el subgénero Metaforcipomyia a F. maculosa Ingram & Macfie, y se ofrecen notas obtenidas a partir del estudio del tipo. Se excluye del subgénero Metaforcipomyia a Forcipomyia galliarii Marino & Spinelli, y es considerado como perteneciente al subgénero Euprojoannisia Brèthes. Se incluye una clave para hembras y machos de las siete especies del subgénero que habitan el Nuevo Mundo.
Editorial commentary: Publishing in systematic entomology - present and future
Authors: Andersen Nils Møller
Published: March 2011

Systematic revisions are the landmarks of biodiversity research, each organizing all available information on a particular group of organisms and setting a new standard of reference for future work. Most revisions are published as monographs or articles in peer-reviewed journals like Insect Systematics and Evolution. There is little need for a “unitary taxonomy” for every group of organisms, centrally organized on the World Wide Web (= Internet). Nor are there any need for an entirely DNA-based taxonomy as recently proposed. Internet publishing will undoubtedly move forward in the future, but Internet journals should be organized in the same manner as printed journals. Current initiatives in gathering biodiversity information on the Internet require the assistance of practising taxonomists. In return, we must request increased funding of basic work in systematics, including training of the new generations.
Comparison between molecular and morphological-based phylogenies of galerucine/alticine leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Kjer Karl , Kim Sung Jin , Duckett Catherine
Published: March 2011

Phylogenies of representative genera based on 3 molecular markers are presented. These data are combined with previously published morphological data (Lingafelter & Konstantinov 2000). The results of separate 28S-D2 rRNA, combined analysis of molecular data and molecular data combined with morphological characters for 27 genera indicate monophyly of Galerucinae s.s. and paraphyly of Flea Beetles. These results also mean that our molecular data do not support the Flea Beetles as a tribal ranking (Alticini) within the Galerucinae, nor is it's status as a separate subfamily (Alticinae) as has been proposed by other researchers. We suggest that addition of more independent characters is still needed to resolve the question of the relationships between the Flea Beetles and the galerucines.
Redescription and life-cycle of Archephanes zalosema Turner, 1926 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae), a specialist on Winteraceae
Authors: Young Catherine , McQuillan Peter
Published: March 2011

The geometrid genus Archephanes Turner, which includes one described species, zalosema Turner, is reviewed. Previously thought to be restricted to Tasmania, the genus has a south eastern Bassian distribution, below latitude 36°S. It inhabits the moist forests and sub-alpine regions of south eastern Australia from sea level to over 1000 m. The distinctive and colourful larvae feed exclusively on the foliage of Tasmannia lanceolata (Poiret) A. C. Smith, 1969 (Winteraceae). The life-cycle is described and immature stages illustrated for the first time.
Cicadas from Portugal: revised list of species with eco-ethological data (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
Authors: Quartau José , Seabra Sofia , Boulard Michel , Puissant Stephane , Simões Paula , Sueur Jérôme
Published: March 2011

The cicada fauna from Portugal is reviewed, as a result of a joint Portuguese-French project. Thirteen species are reported (Lyristes plebejus, Cicada orni, Cicada barbara lusitanica, Tibicina tomentosa, Tibicina quadrisignata, Tibicina garricola, Melampsalta varipes, Tympanistalna gastrica, Euryphara contentei, Tettigetta argentata, Tettigetta estrellae, Tettigetta josei, Tettigetta mariae), while five taxa which were previously referred to in the literature, have not been found (Tibicina corsica fairmairei, Tibicina haematodes, Tibicina nigronervosa, Cicadetta flaveola, Cicadivetta tibialis). Based on morphological and acoustic features, the following synonymies are established: Tettigetta argentata (Olivier, 1790) = Tettigetta atra (Gomez-Menor, 1957) n. syn. and Tettigetta estrellae Boulard, 1982 = Tettigetta septempulsata Boulard & Quartau, 1991 n. syn. Data on time of emergence, geographical distribution, habitat occupation and acoustic calling behaviour are given for each species.
Revision of Galerudolphia Hincks, 1949 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae)
Authors: Bolz Helmut , Wagner Thomas
Published: March 2011

Most Galerucinae with elongated basi-metatarsus are traditionally assigned to the “Monoleptites”. As recent studies reveal, many species belong to genera outside this group and several of them show a close relationship to the type species of Galerudolphia Hincks, 1949, a substitution of the younger homonym Rudolphia Jacoby, 1899a, and need to be transferred to this group. A total of 6593 specimens from continental Africa and Arabia were examined. The genus now contains 15 species: Galerudolphia pallida (Jacoby, 1899a); Galerudolphia nigrosuturalis (Jacoby, 1897) comb. n., = Luperus nigrosuturalis Jacoby, 1897, = Luperus epipleuralis Jacoby, 1907, syn. n., = Rudolphia marginata Jacoby, 1907, syn. n., = Luperus (Calomicrus) atricornis Weise, 1907, syn. n. = Luperodes obscuricornis Weise, 1909, syn. n., = Rudolphia frontalis Laboissière, 1919, syn. n., = Luperus epipleuralis var. keniaensis Laboissière, 1919, syn. n., = Luperodes debilis Laboissière, 1940, syn. n. = Monolepta nigriventris Bryant, 1953 syn. n.; Galerudolphia capensis (Baly, 1889) comb. n., = Iphidea capensis Baly, 1889; Galerudolphia tenuicornis (Jacoby, 1899b), comb. n., = Candezea tenuicornis Jacoby, 1899b; Galerudolphia wittei (Bryant, 1958), comb. n., = Luperus wittei Bryant, 1958; Galerudolphia arabica (Medvedev, 1996), comb. n., = Monolepta arabica Medvedev, 1996. Furthermore, the newly described species: Galerudolphia viridis sp. n., G. gertiae sp. n., G. angolae sp. n., G. nigroapicalis sp. n., G. martini sp. n., G. stephani sp. n., G. namibiae sp. n., G. ruwenzorica sp. n., and G. peterhelmuti sp. n.. Rudolphia minor Weise, 1902 is not congeneric and need to be transferred to another group. The genus and all species are redescribed or described including figures of external and genitalic characters. Distribution maps and an identification key for all species are provided.
Phylogeny of Peyerimhoffia Kieffer, with the revision of the species (Diptera: Sciaridae)
Authors: Hippa Heikki , Vilkamaa Pekka
Published: March 2011

The genus Peyerimhoffia Kieffer (type-species Sciara vagabunda Winnertz), currently classified as a subgenus of Cratyna Winnertz (type-species Cratyna atra Winnertz) is redefined and its phylogeny studied by parsimony analysis. Cladistic analysis using sixty-four morphological characters from adult males of sixty-six ingroup and one outgroup species produced thirty most parsimonious cladograms. The strict consensus cladogram of these showed unambiguously that the type-species of Peyerimhoffia and the species currently referred to the Corynoptera crassistylata group form a monophyletic unit. The phylogenetic hypothesis obtained also suggested that Cratyna s.l. in its current concept is non-monophyletic and that Peyerimhoffia deserves generic status. The genus is Holarctic-Oriental in distribution and includes the following species, which are keyed and described or diagnosed: Peyerimhoffia alpina (Mohrig) (Austrian Alps, Italy, Spain, Canada: Quebec), P. calva sp.n. (Nepal), P. collina sp.n. (Russia: Altay region), P. crassistylata (Frey) (central and northern Europe, Altay region, Kurile Islands), P. curvata (Mohrig & Mamaev) (Russia: Tuva region), P. infera sp.n. (northern Europe), P. ioculatoria (Mohrig) (Nepal), P. menzeli sp.n. (northern Europe), P. obtusicauda (Strobl) (southern Europe), P. semicurvata (Mohrig) (Nepal, Burma), P. subcurvata (Mohrig) (Nepal), P. thula sp.n. (northern Europe), P. ultima sp.n. (Nepal), and P. vagabunda (Winnertz) (Europe, eastern Palaearctic). Plastosciara perniciosa Edwards, Hyperlasion curtipennis Edwards, and Plastosciara hybrida Mohrig & Mamaev are excluded, the former appearing more closely related to Epidapus Haliday, the latter two to Spathobdella Frey.
The systematic position of Chaitophorinae (Hemiptera, Aphidoidea) in the light of anatomy research
Authors: Wojciechowski Waclaw , Wieczorek Karina
Published: March 2011

The structure of the male reproductive system of 14 Chaitophorine species is discussed: Chaitophorus capreae, C. leucomelas, C. nassonovi, C. populeti, C. populialbae, C. salicti, C. salijaponicus niger, C. tremulae, C. truncatus, C. vittelinae, Sipha maydis, Periphyllus aceris, P. coracinus, P. lyropictus. All species, except Sipha maydis, which lives on Poacea (grasses), feed on trees of the families Aceraceae (maples) and Salicaceae (poplars and willows). On the basis of longitudinal sections, cross-sections (paraffin method) and total preparation, the following elements in the structure of the male reproductive system have been examined: the number of testis follicles and the stage of the spermatogenesis; the connection of follicles and vasa deferentia, the position and the histological structure of the wall of vasa deferentia; and the development accessory glands and ejaculatory duct. These characters were then used to supplement morphological data in order to verify the taxonomic position of Chaitophorinae.
Taxonomic status of Ceratophysella denticulata (Bagnall, 1941), C. engadinensis (Gisin, 1949) and C. stercoraria Stach, 1963 (Collembola: Hypogastruridae) in the light of laboratory hybridisation studies
Authors: Skarzynski Dariusz
Published: March 2011

Laboratory hybridisation studies were performed of the springtail species Ceratophysella denticulata, C. engadinensis, C. stercoraria, C. mosquensis, C. impedita and Schaefferia willemi. The studies revealed that the species under consideration are reproductively isolated to different degrees. Rare, unilateral, introgressive hybridisation was detected exclusively between C. denticulata and C. engadinensis. Despite incomplete reproductive isolation these problematic species were recognised as “good” and closely related. The remaining species, including the problematic C. stercoraria, appeared to be completely reproductively isolated and were recognised as “good” and distantly related.
A new species of Antarctobius Fairmaire from Islas Malvinas (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cyclominae)
Authors: Posadas Paula , Morrone Juan
Published: March 2011

A new species of the genus Antarctobius Fairmaire (1885) from Islas Malvinas (Falkland Islands) is described and illustrated: A. malvinensis Posadas and Morrone n. sp. (type locality: East Falkland, Mt. Usborne). A key to the species of the genus is presented. A cladistic analysis of the species of Antarctobius, based on 25 characters from the external morphology, genitalia, and body vestiture, is undertaken. The resulting cladogram shows the following sequence: ((A. lacunosus (A. hyadesii, A. vulsus) (A. malvinensis (A. yefacel, A. bidentatus (A. rugirostris (A. abditus (A. germaini, A. falklandicus))))))).
Revision of the Afrotropical flea beetle genus Collartaltica Bechyné with description of two new species (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Alticinae)
Authors:   Biondi,   D'Alessandro
Published: March 2011

The known species of the flea beetle genus Collartaltica Bechyné, endemic to the Afrotropical Region, are revised. A brief diagnosis of the genus is given and two new species, C. meridionalis sp.n. and C. alluaudi sp.n., respectively from the Southern Africa and Kenya, are described. Line drawings of male and female genitalia and scanning electron micrographs of particular morphological aspects of the species considered are also included. Finally, a cladistic analysis of this genus using maximum parsimony is presented.
A new genus of Limnichidae (Coleoptera) from Baltic amber
Authors: Pütz Andreas , Hernando Carles , Ribera Ignacio
Published: March 2011

Palaeoersachus bicarinatus gen. et sp. n. is described from Eocene Baltic amber. The species seems to be most closely related to the extant Neotropical genus Ersachus Erichson, 1847. Potential synapomorphies of the two genera are the presence of pronotal carinae and hypomera with a pronounced internal border. The systematic position of Ersachus and Palaeoersachus gen. n. is discussed; apparently, they do not belong to the subfamilies Limnichinae or Cephalobyrrhinae, as stated by previous authors. Both genera are tentatively regarded as Limnichidae incertae sedis.
A phylogenetic analysis of the New World tribe Phanaeini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): Hypotheses on relationships and origins
Authors:   Edmonds, Philips T. Keith , Scholtz Clarke
Published: March 2011

A phylogenetic analysis of Phanaeini based on 137 morphological characters supports the hypothesis that the nine included genera, Coprophanaeus, Dendropaemon, Diabroctis, Homalotarsus, Megatharsis, Oxysternon, Phanaeus, Sulcophanaeus and Tetrameira, form a monophyletic clade. Monophyly is unaffected by the inclusion of Gromphas, Oruscatus, and Bolbites and these should also be considered phanaeines. The sister lineage is Ennearabdus (Eucraniini) and both evolved from ancestral Dichotomiini within South America. There is no support for a close relationship with the Onitini or any other remaining tribe. All phanaeine genera appear to be monophyletic except Sulcophanaeus, of which two species groups appear as sister taxa while the remaining three form an independent paraphyletic clade. Ancestral phanaeines were coprophagous with necrophagy evolving at least twice. Myrmecophily is also derived and most likely evolved only once in the common ancestor of Dendropaemon, Homalotarsus, Megatharsis and Tetramereia. Bare dung ball construction for larval development is also the most likely ancestral condition with a soil covering on the exterior ball surface and parental cooperation evolving in the more derived lineages.
Monophyly of Lithobiomorpha (Chilopoda): New characters from the pretarsal claws
Authors: Edgecombe Gregory
Published: March 2011

The pretarsus displays details of the main claw, accessory claws, and posteroventral spine that provide new characters for the systematics of lithobiomorph centipedes and the question of the monophyly or non-monophyly of the Lithobiomorpha. By outgroup comparison with Craterostigmus (order Craterostigmomorpha) and Cryptops (order Scolopendromorpha), three modifications of the accessory claws shared by the two lithobiomorph families, Lithobiidae and Henicopidae, are synapomorphic. The posterior accessory claw has a ventrally expanded base; the ornament of the accessory claws shows an abrupt transition between a pitted proximal part and a striated/ridged distal part; the main claw has groups of rimmed pores concentrated beneath the accessory claws. Claw characters are congruent with other morphological and molecular evidence for monophyly of the Lithobiomorpha.
The first Late Cretaceous ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from southern Africa, with comments on the origin of the Myrmicinae
Authors: Brothers Denis ,   Rasnitsyn,   Dlussky
Published: March 2011

Ants (10 specimens) comprise 12% of the hymenopteran Armaniid-Kind assemblage collected from the Turonian deposits at Orapa, Botswana. The taxa Orapia Dlussky, Brothers & Rasnitsyn, gen. n. (Armaniinae), Orapia rayneri Dlussky, Brothers & Rasnitsyn, sp. n., Orapia minor Dlussky, Brothers & Rasnitsyn, sp. n., Afropone Dlussky, Brothers & Rasnitsyn, gen. n. (Ponerinae), Afropone oculata Dlussky, Brothers & Rasnitsyn, sp. n., Afropone orapa Dlussky, Brothers & Rasnitsyn, sp. n., Afromyrma Dlussky, Brothers & Rasnitsyn, gen. n. (oldest known Myrmicinae), and Afromyrma petrosa Dlussky, Brothers & Rasnitsyn, sp. n. are described. The significance of these findings is discussed in the context of observed faunal changes in Cretaceous ants, evolutionary changes in the Ponerinae, and time and mode of origin of Myrmicinae.
Exaggerated female genitalia in two new spider species (Araneae: Pholcidae), with comments on genital evolution by female choice versus antagonistic coevolution
Authors: Rheims Cristina , Huber Bernhard , Brescovit Antonio
Published: March 2011

Two new species are described that are remarkable in having exaggerated female genitalia: Mesabolivar samatiaguassu sp. n. and M. cuarassu sp. n.. Comparative evidence as well as size measurements of male and female structures suggest that the exaggerated female external genitalia correlate functionally with elongated male cheliceral apophyses. These morphological findings are discussed in the light of competing models of genital evolution. Luring mating acts, female cooperative behaviour and morphology, as well as the probable costs associated with the female structures argue against the antagonistic coevolution model and favour sexual selection by cryptic female choice.
Revision of the Melaloncha (M.) furcata-group of bee-killing flies (Diptera: Phoridae)
Authors: Brown Brian
Published: March 2011

The Melaloncha furcata-group of bee-killing flies is revised, and two subdivisions recognized: the M. furcata-subgroup and the M. obscurella-subgroup. The M. furcata-subgroup consists of M. furcata, a species described from males only and thus not currently recognizable, and thirteen new species: M. calceola, M. curvata, M. diffidentia, M. elongata, M. gibberosa, M. gongyla, M. hirtipecta, M. inversa, M. kungae, M. lingula, M. ovata, M. pilula, and M. varicosa. The M. obscurella-subgroup consists of M. obscurella Borgmeier, and six new species: M. mapiriensis, M. atlantica, M. dactyla, M. catervula, M. clandestina, and M. chamaea. Possible hosts are known for some species, mostly stingless bees of the genus Plebeia.
The East Asian Xyela species (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae) associated with Japanese Red Pine (Pinus densiflora; Pinaceae) and their distribution history
Authors: Byun Bong-Kyu , Blank Stephan , Shinohara Akihiko
Published: March 2011

The association of five East Asian species of Xyela Dalman, 1819 with Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zuccarini, 1842 has been demonstrated by the identification of reared adults or of adults collected by emergence traps. The host plant of X. japonica Rohwer, 1910 is doubtful. These Xyela species occur as sibling species or at least as pairs of morphologically similar species, which are distributed vicariantly on the East Asian mainland and in Japan, respectively. The vicariance events for the Korean-Japanese species pairs date back to the disconnection of ancient Japan and South-East Asia during the Mindel-Riss interglacial period (320,000-180,000 BP). The most southern record of a xyelid sawfly from South-East Asia is reported for an unidentified Xyela female from southern Vietnam. Xyela densiflorae Blank & Shinohara (South Korea), X. occidentalis Blank & Shinohara (northeastern China, South Korea), Xyela par Blank & Shinohara (South Korea), and X. tecta Blank & Shinohara (Japan) are described. X. variegata Rohwer, 1910, formerly regarded as a synonym of X. julii (Brébisson, 1818), is reestablished. The male of X. japonica is described for the first time. A key for the identification of these species is presented.
Notes on Otiocerini with a second record of Derbidae in Eocene Baltic amber (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Derbidae)
Authors: Szwedo Jacek
Published: March 2011

The tribal classification of Derbidae with respect to Otiocerini is presented and discussed. Key to extant and fossil genera of Otiocerini is provided. New genus and species from Eocene Baltic amber – Lugeilangor elektrokleistis gen. n. et sp. n. of Derbidae tribe Otiocerini Muir is described. It seems to be related to the extant Asian-Pacific genera Paralyricen Muir, 1913, and Flaccia Stål, 1866. It is the second record of the family Derbidae in Eocene Baltic amber inclusions. Palaeobiological and biogeographical significance of the fossil is discussed.
Genetic and morphological diagnosis and description of two cryptic species of flower head-infesting Tephritidae (Diptera)
Authors: Prado Paulo , Abreu Aluana , Solferini Vera , Norrbom Allen
Published: March 2011

Adults of a new taxon of Tomoplagia associated with the Asteraceae subtribe Lychnophorinae displayed body color variation. Allozyme electrophoresis was used to determine whether the dark and light morphs were cryptic species. Four loci clearly differentiated the light and dark morphs. The genetic identities and diversity (He) supported the hypothesis of cryptic species. A detailed morphological analysis also revealed consistent differences in the male and female terminalia of the two morphs. Based on these findings, we describe the dark morph as Tomoplagia reticulata sp. nov., and the light one as T. pallens sp. nov.
Hymenopteran Waifs: A New Genus and Species of Chrysidid from Réunion (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae)
Authors: Kimsey Lynn
Published: March 2011

A new genus and species of Amiseginae (Chrysididae), Senesega attiei, is described from Réunion Island. This is the first member of the subfamily Amiseginae known from islands in the western Indian Ocean.
Phylogenetic relationships within the fruit fly genus Ceratitis MacLeay (Diptera: Tephritidae), derived from morphological and host plant evidence
Authors: De Meyer Marc
Published: March 2011

The fruit fly genus Ceratitis is mainly an Afrotropical taxon which includes several pest species of agricultural importance. The 89 currently recognized species are arranged in six subgenera: Ceratitis s.s., Pardalaspis, Ceratalaspis, Pterandrus and the monotypic Hoplolophomyia and Acropteromma. Two non-monotypic subgenera lack evidence for monophyly, and the interrelationships between and within the subgenera are poorly understood. A cladistic analysis was performed, based on a suite of 95 characters from adult morphology and host plant specificity for all species within the genus. The analysis strongly supports the monophyly of the subgenera Pardalaspis and Ceratitis s.s. whereas the monophyly of the subgenus Pterandrus is poorly supported and the subgenus Ceratalaspis clearly is not monophyletic. Species groups within Pterandrus and Ceratalaspis are recognized and their interrelationships are discussed. The monotypic Hoplolophomyia belongs to the argenteobrunnea species group of Ceratalaspis whereas the position of Acropteromma probably is outside the genus Ceratitis.
On the taxonomy of Psephenoidinae: Revision of Afropsephenoides, and descriptions of two new species and one new, genus (Coleoptera: Psephenidae)
Authors:   Jäch, Yang P.-S. , Jeng M.-L. ,   Satô
Published: March 2011

The genus Afropsephenoides Basilewsky is revised. A new genus of Psephenoidinae, Malacopsephenoides Jeng & Satô gen.n. is established. Psephenoides japonicus Masuda is transferred to Malacopsephenoides, and P. volatilis Champion is transferred to Afropsephenoides. Two new species, Afropsephenoides ruthae Jeng & Yang sp.n. (South Africa) and Malacopsephenoides eureka Jeng & Jäch sp.n. (China), are described. A key to genera is given. The zoogeography and phylogeny of Psephenoidinae are discussed.
A review of the Oriental Hermetia bicolor group with descriptions of two new species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)
Authors: Rozkošný Rudolf , Kozánek Milan
Published: March 2011

The Oriental species of the Hermetia bicolor group are revised. Of four species recognized two are described as new: H. pahangensis sp.n. from Malaysia and P. woodleyi sp.n. from the Philippines. Descriptions, illustrations of the male terminalia and distribution data are given and an identification key to all the species is included.
Revision of the Afrotropical species of Pristaulacus Kieffer, 1900 (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae)
Authors: Turrisi Giuseppe Fabrizio
Published: March 2011

The Afrotropical species of the genus Pristaulacus Kieffer, 1900 are revised and illustrated for the first time. Four species are recognized: P. africanus (Brues, 1924), P. pilatoi sp. n. and P. thoracicus (Westwood, 1841), from the Republic of South Africa, and P. smithi sp. n. from Zimbabwe and Mozambique. P. thoracicus (Westwood), comb. n., is transferred from Aulacus Jurine. The previously unknown male of P. africanus (Brues) is described for the first time and additional data on the distribution of this species are given. A key to the species of Afrotropical Pristaulacus is provided.
Fossil aphids (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) from Canadian Cretaceous amber and from the Miocene of Nevada
Authors: Heie Ole
Published: March 2011

Three new species of fossil aphids are described from Canadian amber, age the Upper Cretaceous, viz. Longiradius foottitti n. gen. et n. sp., which has been referred to Palaeoaphididae, Canaphis albertensis n. gen. et n. sp. and Aphidinius constrictus n. gen. et n. sp., which have been impossible to place in any known family. Furthermore more material of Mesozoicaphis canadensis Heie, belonging to the extinct family Mesozoicaphididae, are described. At least 32 specimens of Mesozoicaphis spp. occur in the material, often more than two in the same piece of amber, making it highly probable that their host plant was the resin-producing gymnosperm. Eight new species of fossil aphids with 16 specimens are described from clay shales in Nevada, age the Middle Miocene, viz. Palaeogreenidea rittae n. gen. et n. sp. belonging to the family Greenideidae, Similidrepan pulawskii n. gen. et n. sp., Nevaphis nevadensis n. gen. et n. sp. and Americaphis longipes n. gen. et n. sp., which have placed in Drepanosiphidae, Lachnarius miocaenicus n. gen. et n. sp., which belongs to Lachnidae, and Eriosaphis leei gen. et n. sp., Eriosomaphis jesperi n. gen. et n. sp. and Eriosomaphis occidentalis n. sp., which have been placed in Eriosomatidae (= Pemphigidae).
Phylogeny and mtDNA phylogeography of two widespread European pond skater species (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Gerridae: Gerris Fabricius)
Authors: Damgaard Jakob
Published: March 2011

This study addresses the phylogenetic relationships within and between two widespread Palaearctic pond skater species, Gerris costae and G. thoracicus, by including new DNA sequence data from the Central Asian G. sahlbergi, traditionally assigned as a close relative of G. costae. The results support the assignment of G. costae and G. thoracicus to two individual species groups that are not closely related, but also that G. sahlbergi is nested within G. costae (including subspecies costae, fieberi and poissoni) thus suggesting a new subspecific rank as G. c. sahlbergi. A broad geographical sampling of mitochondrial DNA from populations of G. thoracicus and G. costae (incl. G. c. sahlbergi) shows that the two species are strikingly similar in terms of genetic diversity and lack of geographical substructure, thus adding further evidence for the G. costae group comprising a single, widespread species.
Enzymatic digestion – a new method for egg extraction from dry female collection specimens (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
Authors: Young Catherine , Hausmann Axel , Kuczkowski Sławomir , Schönitzer Klaus , Junker Marius
Published: March 2011

Eggs suitable for taxonomic study can be yielded from dry female collection specimens by enzymatic digestion of the abdomen. This method had been proposed recently by Knölke et al. (2005) for obtaining DNA for sequence analysis and maceration of tissues for the preparation of genitalia. Hence, enzymatic digestion can provide, simultaneously, three completely different data sets for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies from dry female collection specimens. We used protease K (PK) to macerate the abdomens of and to extract eggs from 67 dried female moths of 20 species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Protease concentration and duration of digestion largely determined the effectiveness of egg extraction and the quality of the eggs for examination of morphological features for taxonomic study, whilst the historical age of the specimen, humidity during storage and the individual age of females were negligible. Optimal egg extraction provided clear scanning electron micrographs of chorionic sculpturing of similar quality to those produced from fresh eggs of the same species.
A revision of the Palearctic species of the shore-fly genus Discomyza Meigen (Diptera: Ephydridae)
Authors: Zatwarnicki Tadeusz , Mathis Wayne
Published: March 2011

The four Palearctic species of the shore-fly genus Discomyza Meigen are revised, including the description of an undescribed species. The undescribed species, D. baechlii, is found at higher elevations mainly in Austria and Switzerland (type locality: Graubünden: Ausserferrera-Cresta (1300-1670 m; 46°28'N, 9°31'E). Three species, D. baechlii, D. incurva, and D. maritima, form a monophyletic species group; the fourth species, D. maculipennis, has only been found in Japan in the Palearctic region and is undoubtedly an introduction from the Oriental region. Lectotypes are designated for: Discomyza amabilis Kertész, Discomyza pelagica Frauenfeld and Psilopa incurva Fallén.
Study of the Chinese species of Copidosoma Ratzeburg, 1844 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)
Authors: Zhang Yan-Zhou , Huang Da-Wei
Published: March 2011

Twenty-two Chinese species of

Copidosoma

are studied. Two species,

C. baii

and

C. phaloniae

, are described as new to science. Thirteen species are recorded from China for the first time:

C. albipes

,

C. anceus

,

C. ancharus

,

C. aretas

,

C. boucheanum

,

C. chalconotum

,

C. flagellare

,

C. fuscisquama

,

C. peticus

,

C. serricorne

,

C. subalbicorne

,

C. terebrator

, and

C. tibiale

. Two synonymies are proposed:

C. dailinicum

(of

C. sosares

) and

C. heliothis

(of

C. primulum

). A key to species is given and photomicrographs are provided to illustrate morphological characters of the species.
A phylogenetic analysis of the dung beetle genus Phanaeus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) based on morphological data
Authors: Price Dana
Published: March 2011

The genus

Phanaeus

(Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) forms an important part of the dung beetle fauna in much of the Western Hemisphere. Here a phylogeny for

Phanaeus

, including 49

Phanaeus

sp., and 12 outgroup taxa, is proposed. Parsimony analysis of 67 morphological characters, and one biogeographical character produced 629 equally parsimonious trees of 276 steps.

Oxysternon

, the putative sister taxon is nested well within the subgenus

Notiophanaeus

, implying that

Oxysternon

might ultimately need to be synonymized with

Phanaeus

. Species groups of Edmonds (1994) recovered as monophyletic are

paleano

,

endymion, chalcomelas

,

tridens

,

triangularis

, and

quadridens

. An 'unscaled' equal weighting analysis yielded 57,149 equally parsimonious trees of 372 steps. The strict consensus of these trees yielded a monophyletic

Phanaeus

with the inclusion of

Oxysternon

. Bootstrap values are relatively low and some clades are unresolved.
Anischia, Perothops and the phylogeny of Elateroidea (Coleoptera: Elateriformia)
Authors: Ståhls Gunilla , Muona Jyrki , Vahtera Varpu , Teräväinen Marianna , Lawrence John
Published: March 2011

The larvae of Anischia Fleutiaux and Perothops Laporte are described. Cladistic analyses based on adult and larval morphology, as well as CO1 sequence data, place both genera in the Eucnemidae clade within the Elateroidea (sensu stricto). The subfamily Anischiinae Fleutiaux, 1936 is placed in the family Eucnemidae in a clade containing the more derived eucnemid subfamilies (Melasinae, Eucneminae and Macraulacinae), while Perothops and Phyllocerus Lepeletier & Serville represent subfamilies basal to the remaining eucnemid taxa. The genus Afranischia Basilewsky, 1955 is synonymized with Anischia Fleutiaux, 1896, and Anischia boliviana Fleutiaux is selected as the type species of the latter. Three new species are described: Anischia bicolor (New Caledonia), Anischia kuscheli (New Caledonia) and Anischia monteithi (NE Australia), and Anischia stupenda Fleutiaux, 1897 is recorded from Australia. Anischia crassicornis Champion, 1897 is synonymized with Anischia mexicana Fleutiaux, 1896. One new combination is made, Anischia ruandana (Basilewsky, 1955).
New early griffenfly, Sinomeganeura huangheensis from the Late Carboniferous of northern China (Meganisoptera: Meganeuridae)
Authors: Ren Dong , Nel André , Prokop Jakub
Published: March 2011

New griffenfly Sinomeganeura huangheensis gen. n., sp. n. (Meganeuridae) is described from Upper Carboniferous (Namurian) of the Tupo Formation in northern China (Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region). This taxon exhibits unique structure of the wing venation pattern. It is highly interesting in reference to the Namurian age known for the occurrence of two meganeurids until present (Namurotypus Brauckmann & Zessin, 1989 and Shenzhousia Zhang & Hong, 2006) as well as the palaeogeographical position of the locality far from all sites in Laurussia. We demonstrate that meganeurids with relatively small wings already co-existed with large species in the Namurian, as for the Stephanian and the Late Permian. Thus, Sinomeganeura demonstrates that the meganeurid diversity and wing venation disparity were comparable during the Namurian and the Stephanian, suggesting that this group already had a long history in the Early Carboniferous. Odonatoptera were probably the main, if not unique predators of the flying insects during the Late Paleozoic.
MtDNA diversity and species phylogeny of western Palaearctic members of the Gerris lacustris group (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Gerridae) with implications for “DNA barcoding” of water striders
Authors: Damgaard Jakob
Published: March 2011

The genetic diversity and phylogeny of western Palaearctic members of the Gerris lacustris group was investigated on the basis of 822 bp from the 3´end of the mitochondrial gene encoding COI obtained from 34 specimens of G. lacustris, 16 specimens of G. gibbifer, eight specimens of G. maculatus and seven specimens of G. brasili. Nine haplotypes represented G. lacustris, nine haplotypes represented G. gibbifer, six haplotypes represented G. maculatus, four haplotypes represented G. brasili, and a single haplotype was shared between G. gibbifer and G. brasili. Uncorrected p genetic distances within species averaged from 0.5% in G. gibbifer and G. brasili to 0.8 in G. lacustris and as much as 2.2 in G. maculatus. A phylogenetic analysis showed that G. gibbifer and G. brasili are not reciprocally monophyletic in their mtDNA probably due to relatively recent speciation and incomplete lineage sorting. G. maculatus was poorly supported as the sister taxon to G. gibbifer and G. brasili despite morphological similarities, and a clear division between G. maculatus populations in the eastern and western Mediterranea, may indicate different refugia during the Pleistocene glaciations. G. lacustris showed little genetic substructure except for some isolated haplotypes in Italy, Turkey and Armenia, but these are geographically overlapping with more widespread haplotypes, and probably represent more ancient diversities in these regions.
A new griffenfly genus from the Late Carboniferous of northern France (Odonatoptera: Meganeuridae)
Authors: Roques Patrick , Garrouste Romain , Nel Andre
Published: March 2011

Gallotupus oudardi, new genus and species of Meganeuridae is described from the Late Carboniferous of Northern France. Potential phylogenetic implications of two wing venation structures present in meganeurids are discussed on the basis of this new fossil. The most basal antenodal brace Ax0 could be a potential synapomorphy of the Meganeuridae with the Odonatoclada. The 'subnodus' could have been a structure related to larval tracheation in meganeurids, exapted as a part of the complex nodal structure in modern Odonata, related to flight. Lastly the shortly petiolated wing of Gallotupus is analogous to similar wing shapes of several Mesozoic, Cenozoic, and modern nodialatan lineages.
The female and immatures of Trissocladius brevipalpis Kieffer, 1908 (Diptera: Chironomidae)
Authors: Saether Ole
Published: March 2011

The generic diagnosis for the genus Trissocladius Kieffer, 1908, is completed, emended, and corrected for all stages and both sexes. The genus is shown to form the sister group of Oliveridia Saether plus Hydrobaenus Fries and not of Zalutschia Lipina as stated previously.– The female imago of Trissocladius brevipalpis Kieffer is described and the pupae and larvae redescribed.
Aphidius eadyi n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae), a widely distributed parasitoid of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) in the Palearctic
Authors: Stary Petr , Hall Jack , González Dan
Published: March 2011

Aphidius eadyi n. sp., a parasitoid of Acyrthosiphon pisum in the west Palearctic is described. Its distribution and interspecific relations (crossing experiments) to a related species, Aphidius smithi, are elucidated. The new species has been found to be a promising agent in biocontrol of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, whereas it does not parasitize the blue alfalfa aphid, A. kondoi.
Larval and pupal description, life cycle, and adult flight behaviour of the sponge-feeding caddisfly, Ceraclea nigronervosa (Retzius), in Central Norway (Trichoptera)
Authors: Solem John , Resh Vincent
Published: March 2011

Description of Ceraclea nigronervosa (Retzius) larvae and pupae based on Norwegian specimens generally agree with those from Great Britain and North America, but differ from published Russian (U.S.S.R.) descriptions, probably due to the latter's being based on mixed species rearings. At least the last four of the five larval instars feed on freshwater sponge Spongilla lacustris (L.). Growth from the second instar on follows Dyar's rule with a 1.7 factor of increase. A population in the mountain stream Anfinnså, Dovre County, Norway (63°N and elevation 930-936 m) has a two cohort population with two years required for development. Greater numbers of Chironomidae, but not C. nigronervosa, occur in sponges containing the green algae Chlorella. Sponge-feeding Ceraclea may exhibit flexible life cycles.
A description of the larva and pupa of Eurycnemus crassipes (Panzer) (Diptera: Chironomidae)
Authors: Murray  , Ashe
Published: March 2011

The larva and pupa of Eurycnemus crassipes (Panzer) are described for the first time. Larval and pupal diagnoses are given for the genus Eurycnemus van der Wulp. — E. crassipes is found in lotic waters where they may be associated with Hydropsyche pellucidula or H. siltalai (Trichoptera). The species appears to be univoltine with main emergence between late June and beginning of September. The species is known from Europe while the genus is reported from the Holarctic Region.