bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paediatrie MR Imaging —Current Clinical Applications
Authors: DAVIES ROGER P. , SORBY WILLIAM A.
Published: March 2008

Eighty four MRI examinations of 69 paediatric patients referred to the RNSH MRI unit were retrospectively reviewed with clinical notes to establish the role of MRI scanning in clinical practice to date. In view of the limited scanning time presently available, this study aims to identify those children for whom MRI provided the most useful diagnostic information and most assisted subsequent management.

For intra‐cranial examinations, the most useful applications were as follows:—

Pre‐operative localization of primary brain tumours to assist selection of surgical approach and demonstrate involvement of adjacent structures or unsuspected distant CNS spread.

Surveillance of known tumours to determine the need for chemotherapy, radiotherapy or further surgery and to differentiate recur rent tumour from haemorrhage or cyst formation.

Demonstrate congenital or neoplastic lesions in the pituitary region.

Identify the presence and extent of disease in suspected demyelinating and ischaemic conditions.

Exclude the presence of lowgrade glioma associated with known cyst formation.

In the spine, MRI was most useful in the demonstration of syrinx cavities including size, extent and loculation. A number of these patients presented with scoliosis. Assessment of cord tumours and spinal dysraphism including tethered cord also proved useful.

Significant problems in paediatric scanning included movement artifact, most common in children under six years of age with psychomotor retardation, and sometimes nescessitating general anaesthesia.
High Resolution Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Glomus Tumours of the Petrous Temporal Bone.
Authors: GRATTAN‐SMITH J. DAMIEN , DOUST BRUCE D. , FAGAN PAUL A.
Published: March 2008

Recent advances in surgery have made it possible to resect virtually all glomus tumours involving the petrous temporal bone.

The surgical approach depends on the extent of the tumour and the degree of involvement of the intrapetrous portion of the internal carotid artery.

High resolution computed tomography offers an accurate means of staging these tumours and of distinguishing them from an aberrant internal carotid artery.

The CT scans of eighteen patients thought clinically to have glomus tumours of the temporal bone were reviewed. The final diagnoses in our series included twelve glomus turnours, three aberrant internal carotid arteries, two carcinoid tumours and one meningioma.
Value of CT Scanning in Assessing Location and Extent of Epidural and Paraspinal Inflammatory Conditions
Authors: O'SULLIVAN R. , McKENZIE A. , HENNESSY O.
Published: March 2008

CT scanning is an excellent modality for assessment (or exclusion) of infection in the epidural space, vertebrae and paraspinal muscles. We suggest the use of intrathecal contrast to assess the effect on the theca whether there are neurological signs or not. Intravenous contrast should also be used to demonstrate the inflammatory granulation tissue, micro abscesses and the extent of the disease.
The Surgical Management of Hepatoma: A Review of 29 Hepatic Resections
Authors: NGOI S. S. , RAUFF ABU , CHEONG FOONG WNG
Published: March 2008

The results of hepatic resection for the treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma is presented. A total of 59 patients were referred to the University Department of Surgery, Singapore General Hospital over the period January 1981 ‐ December 1985 for hepatic resections and of these 29 (49.l%) patients were deemed resectable during laparotomy.

Almost all of our patients present with late disease and average tumour size after resection was 13.3 cm. Post operative mortality was 6.9% and post operative morbidity was acceptable. Our patients are closely monitored in the intensive care unit and complications were quickly dealt with. The survival post resection was improved and long term survivals beyond 2 years was 40.7% and beyond 4 years was 18.5%.

We emphasize that early detection of this common malignancy in our country will go towards imDrovinn the resection rate and thus better and fonger survival.
Left Gastric and Coeliac Lymph Nodes: A Problem Area for C.T. Staging of Carcinoma of the Gastro‐Oesophageal Junction
Authors: LEE W.B.
Published: March 2008

Six cases of adenocarcinoma of the gastro‐oesophageal junction found at laparotomy to have incorrect pre‐operative staging by computed tomography (C.T.) were reviewed. It was found that in five of six cases left gastric or coeliac lymph nodes between 1.0 cm and 2.0 cm in size were visible by C.T. It is suggested that left gastric and coeliac lymph nodes greater than 1.0 cm in size should be called definitely abnormal, rather than using 1.5 cm or 2.0 cm as the criterion for definite lymph node enlargement.
Sporadic Non‐African Burkitt's Lymphoma A Case Report
Authors: CHILDS W J , BENJAMIN C S , PATTISON N S
Published: March 2008

A case of Burkitt's lymphoma presenting as ovarian malignancy, later complicated by acute tumour lysis syndrome and acute B cell (Burkitt's type leukaemia is discussed. Non‐African Burkitt's Lymphoma occurs sporadically in New Zealand, usually presenting with intra‐abominal disease. It is a malignancy in which extremely rapid cell growth may occur with the need for urgent staging and early treatment. The complications of acute tumour lysis syndrome and acute B cell leukaemia are discussed.
A New Look at Intravenous Urography
Authors: DAWSON PETER
Published: March 2008

In spite of the advent of new imaging modalities, the simple intravenous urogram remains an important technique for the visualisation of the renal tract. It is also an examination in which an understanding of basic renal physiology is useful. The physiology is reviewed and against this background the differences in the examination when performed with low osmolality contrast agents are indicated. Comments are also made on the relative safety and costs of the examination when performed with these agents.
Audit as a Basis for Informed Consent with Cerebral Angiography
Authors: MOWAT PAUL D. , McGUIRE TREASURE M. , JELLETT LEON B. , STOKES JULIE A.
Published: March 2008

The risk of complications is inherent in all invasive radiological procedures. Because of the significant number of both minor and major adverse effects associated with cerebral angiography, this procedure was chosen as an audit model to establish current information upon which clinical decisions and informed consent can be based. The results of this initial audit study, performed over a 7‐month period in the Radiology Department of the Royal Brisbane Hospital, highlighted the difficulties in obtaining local data which have on‐going relevance.
C.T. Demonstration of Thrombosis of the Portal Venous System
Authors: LEE W.B. , WONG K.P.
Published: March 2008

Thrombosis involving all or part of the portal venous system was demonstrated by C.T. in three patients. Predisposing factors were sigmoid colectomy for adenocarcinoma, appen‐diceal abscess and splenectomy for splenic arterio‐venous malformation, respectively.

Fresh thrombus appeared as high density intraluminal content on noncontrast enhanced scans. Older thrombus appeared as low density intraluminal content surrounded by a high density venous wall on contrast enhanced scans.

One patient developed a cavernoma of the portal vein demonstrated by C.T. and porto‐graphy. In another patient; bowel infarction with bowel wall thickening and intra‐mural gas was demonstrated.

Although the diagnosis can be made on non‐contrast enhanced scans in the acute phase and by using the bolus intravenous technique for contrast enhanced scans for older thrombus, optimal demonstration of the presence of thrombus and clear definition of the extent of thrombosis requires a dynamic scanning technique during rapid intravenous infusion of contrast.
The Assessment of Inflammatory Aortic Aneurysms with Computed Tomography
Authors: WATERLAND MARK
Published: March 2008

Inflammatory aneurysms are a rare and distinct form of abdominal aortic aneurysm that produce abdominal pain and a periaortic soft tissue mass. CT has a limited but useful role in the diagnosis and follow up of this condition.

The CT scans of 8 patients with operatively diagnosed inflammatory aneurysms are presented. The scans were independently read by 4 radiologists in an attempt to assess the CT criteria and determine the correlation between surgical and CT diagnosis of this entry.

In only 4 of the cases was inflammatory aneurysms thought the most likely diagnosis, it was a possible diagnosis in a further 2 cases. This result is most likely due to the marked similarity between this and other causes of periaortic soft tissue masses.

In this study CT appears to have a definite but limited place in assessing inflammatory aortic aneurysms. It allows assessment of non specific abdominal pain in the presence of an aneurysm, aids in the diagnosis of periaortic masses and may warn the surgeon of the presence of inflammatory aneurysm. The initial management of a patient with an abdominal aortic aneurysm and abdominal pain however should remain surgical.
Pachyderrnoperiostosis (A case Report and Review of Literature)
Authors: MISHRA G.K. , VERNEKAR JEEVAN , PANDEY MEENAKSHI
Published: March 2008

A case of pachydermoperiostosis in a young male with typical clinical and radiological features is presented, alongwith a brief review of literature.
Radiological Appearances of Skeletal Metastasis from Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: O'DONNELL CHRISTOPHER , SAVAGE ADRIAN
Published: March 2008

Skeletal metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma are uncommon but produce a typld radiological appearance of bone destruction associated with large, very vascular, soft tissue masses. A case of spinal cord compression from such a mass is presented.
CT of Anterior Intervertebral Disc Herniation
Authors: GARG K. , NAGI O.N. , SURI S. , GARG S.K.
Published: March 2008

Herniation of intervertebral disc usually occurs posterolaterally. A thorough review of the recent radiological literature revealed only a single case report of anterior intervertebral disc hernitation demonstrated by computed tomography (CT). We report another such case.
Osteoblastic Metastases from Osteosarcoma (A Case Report)
Authors: KAPOOR R. , SAHA M.M.
Published: March 2008

A very rare case of osteosarcoma producing multifocal osteoblastic metastases is presented with brief review of the literature.
The Use of Computed Tomography in Diagnosis of Osteoid Osteoma
Authors: BROADFOOT J.E. , CHAPMAN G.K.
Published: March 2008

CT examination is a useful adjunct to diagnosis and management of osteoid osteoma. Four cases are presented to demonstrate features of osteoid osteoma on CT examination and the accuracy of localisation possible for planning of surgical excision.
Peritoneal Mesothelioma — A Case Report
Authors: SAWHNEY S. , BERRY M.
Published: March 2008

A case of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma is reported which was diagnosed by sonography and conventional gastrointestinal studies. Although CT has been reported to be superior to sonography for the diagnosis of peritoneal mesotheliomas in our Institution, where Body CT facilities were not available, sonography proved to be invaluable in the diagnosis of this fatal peritoneal neoplasm, assisted by conventional gastrointestinal studies.
Medulloepithelioma: MRI Appearances
Authors: DAVIES R.P. , LEE C. SAE
Published: March 2008

The M.R.I. appearances of a rare tumour of childhood are presented. The clinical presentation and imaging appearances of medulloepithelioma are discussed. The importance of both C.T. and M.R.I. in the pre‐operative evaluation of this tumour is outlined.
Treatment of CNS Tumours with Conventional Radiotherapy: The Importance of Dose & Volume Factors in Tumour Control & CNS Radiation Tolerance
Authors: TIVER K.
Published: March 2008

Improved localisation of central nervous system (CNS) tumours resulting from newer diagnostic imaging techniques may allow the therapeutic irradiation of smaller volumes than currently practiced with the possibility of less normal tissue injury and/or the use of higher radiation doses. The influence of radiation dose and volume on the control rates for various types of CNS tumour and on the radiation tolerance of CNS tissue is imperfectly understood. Available data on these fundamental issues in the radiation treatment of CNS tumours is reviewed.
Ipsilateral Craniofacial Uptake of Tc‐99m MDP in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Incidence and Implication
Authors: NURUDDIN REGINA N. , DAUD ABDULLAH
Published: March 2008

A five year review of 224 Tc‐99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) scintiscans of 194 patients with proven nasopharyngeal carcinoma revealed evidence of craniofacial asymmetry in 73.7 per cent. In virtually all instances tracer accumulation corresponded to the side of the primary lesion, cervical node enlargement and or cranial nerve dysfunction.

It was concluded that the high frequency of asymmetric ipsilateral MDP accumulation about the face may be attributed to one or all of the following; tumour extension into contiguous structures, localised inflammatory or necrotic changes or even tracer uptake by the tumour itself.
Mammographic Hook Wire Localization — A Step by Step Guide
Authors: ALBERTYN LYNDA E. , HUMENIUK VLADIMIR
Published: March 2008

A practical approach to hook wire localization of impalpable mammographic lesions is described, together with hints and potential pitfalls.

A standard set of five radiographic projections is outlined. This consists of:‐

The “Right Angle” View

The “Needle Placement” View

The “Depth Adjustment” View

The “Hook Check” Views

Modifications of the technique for more experienced operators are also described.

The technique is simple and accurate in many circumstances.
Cerebral Venous Malformations
Authors: JACKSON GRAEME , CHAMPNESS PETER , SACHARIAS NINA
Published: March 2008

Cerebral venous malformations (CVM) are increasingly being recognised with the widespread use of CT scanning. Five cases are presented which demonstrate typical angiographic features and CT findings. These lesions when located in the cerebral hemispheres are benign and have been distinguished from the better known arteriovenous malformations on the basis of their characteristic angiographic features. CT findings have been considered nonspecific but our early post contrast CT scans demonstrate characteristic features suggesting that in many cases the diagnosis of cerebral venous malformations may be made on the CT scan alone.
Traumatized Ischial Apophysis (Report of Six Cases)
Authors: KOZLOWSKI K. , CAMPBELL J.B. , AZOUZ E.M.
Published: March 2008

Six boys with traumatic ischial apophysis are reported. Two cases were diagnosed as stress apophysis and four as apophyseolysis. Two of our patients were referred to the hospital as malignant bone tumours—Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma.
Uses of Direct Coronal Pelvic CT
Authors: LEIGHTON DIANE M. , de CAMPO MARGARET
Published: March 2008

A technique for performing direct coronal computed tomography (CT) of the pelvis on conventional CT equipment is described. Eighteen patients have been examined by this technique and its possible applications in the evaluation of patients with anorectal and genitourinary anomalies, pre and postoperatively, are discussed.
Type 1 Choledochal Cysts: Preoperative Evaluation by Ultrasound
Authors: SAMAD S. ABDUL , GOON HONG KOOI
Published: March 2008

Type I choledochal cysts were diagnosed on ultrasonography in 14 patients. The cysts were seen as oval or fusiform anechoic structures located in the subhepatic space and separate from the gallbladder. The continuity of the cyst with the bile duct in the porta hepatis was a specific feature for correct diagnosis of the condition.
Steroid Induced Exophthalmos A Case Report
Authors: FAN C.J. , GOH K.L. , WANG F.
Published: March 2008

A case of steroid induced exophthalmos in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus with renal involvement is described. Computed Tomography was used to demonstrate the increased retro‐orbital fat.
Massive Intramural Duodenal Haematoma Following Blunt Abdominal Trauma Case Report
Authors: PARKER GEOFFREY D. , WILLIAMS J. ANTHONY R.
Published: March 2008

We report a case of a massive intramural duodenal haematoma following blunt abdominal trauma. The value of computed tomography and other imaging modalities is discussed.
Primary Rib Tumours in Children (Report of 27 Cases with Short Literature Review)
Authors: KOZLOWSKI K. , CAMPBELL J. , MORRIS L. , SPRAGUE P. , TACCONE A. , BELUFFI G. , MARCINSKI A. , PORTA F. , STEVENS M.
Published: March 2008

27 cases of primary malignant and benign rib tumours are reported. The most common malignant rib tumour in childhood is Ewing sarcoma (20 cases). Some other rare bone tumours and tumorous conditions (reticulosarcoma, aneurysmal bone cyst, monostotic rib eosinophilic granuloma, osteoid osteoma and lymphangioma) are also described.

In the authors' opinion Ewing sarcoma presents with characteristic clinico‐radiographic findings in most of the cases. Other monostotic, primary rib tumours and tumorous conditions in childhood — with the exception of exchondroma and enchondroma — rarely show diagnostic radiographic features.
The Non‐Invasive Investigation of Lumbar Disc Degeneration in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain.
Authors: BUIRSKI G.
Published: March 2008

The painful degenerate disc is a recognised cause of low back pain. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has now replaced discography in the non‐invasive assessment of disc degeneration. However, the prohibitive capital expense of MRI and the small number of MR units in Australia produce limitations in clinical access. In contrast. Computed Tomography (CT) is readily available and is performed in most patients prior to MRI referral.

This prospective study was undertaken to determine whether preliminary CT could offer any information about disc degeneration and so reduce the demand on a MRI scanner.

30 consecutive patients were studied all of whom had both CT and MRI examinations. Of a total 107 discs examined by both techniques, MRI was able to identify 37 degenerate discs. Conclusive evidence of degeneration (i.e. the presence of intervertebral gas) was only seen in 3 discs at CT (1 patient). Of the 29 posterior disc bulges found on CT, all were both bulging and degenerate on MRI.

Indications for MRI based on the CT findings are recommended. Using these criteria, 13% (4 patients) of this study group could have avoided an expensive and unnecessary MR investigation. A useful algorithm for the investigation and assessment of patients with chronic low back pain is discussed.
Chronic Gastric Torsion in Infancy: A Revisited Diagnosis
Authors: GIACOMO COSTANTINO De , MAGGIORE GIUSEPPE , FIORI PAOLA , PEROTTI GIANFRANCO , COLOMBO ANGELO , SCOTTA MARIA S. , BELUFFI GIAMPIERO
Published: March 2008

Twenty out of 108 infants with vomiting, who underwent an upper gastrointestinal X‐ray study during a period of 2 years, showed a peculiar shape and position of the stomach already described as chronic gastric torsion. We examined clinical, radiologic and laboratory findings of these 20 infants. Our results showed that chronic gastric torsion is frequently associated with gastroesophageal reflux and has a wide spectrum of symptoms, complications and nutritional abnormalities.
Interventional Radiology in the Treatment of Ureteric Complications in Transplant Kidneys
Authors: LIST ALAN
Published: March 2008

Eleven patients who had radiological procedures because of urinary leakage or ureteric obstruction in transplant kidneys are reviewed in order to judge the clinical efficacy of interventional radiological techniques in the management of these complications. Initial technical success was attained in 9/9 dilatation attempts and 17/21 (81%) stent placement attempts. It is thought that 9/11 (82%) patients benefited from the radiological attempts at treatment and at long term follow up 7 kidneys were still functioning, 3 failed due to rejection and one after failed renal artery surgery.

The complication rate due to the radiological procedure was low, with one iatrogenic urine leak being the single major procedural complication. Two patients had urinary tract infections while stented and there were two patients with perirenal abscesses.
Cerebral Toxoplasmosis and Lymphoma in Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: LAVIOPIERRE A.M. , LAWLER G.A.
Published: March 2008

16 Patients with central nervous system (CNS) complications of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are described. All patients were male homosexuals. The most common demonstrable lesion in the parenchyma was toxoplasmosis, which produced an area of focal oedema, usually containing a central zone of nodular or ring‐shaped enhancement. Cerebral atrophy was also a common finding. One patient had diffuse peri‐ventricular lymphomatous infiltration, and a further two patients had both cerebral toxoplasmosis and lymphoma. A delayed “double dose” contrast examination appears to be the most accurate method of outlining the total extent of CNS disease in these patients.
Antenatal Sonographic Diagnosis of Fetal Sacrococcygeal Teratoma with Hydrops — (A Case Report)
Authors: KAPOOR R. , SAHA M.M.
Published: March 2008

A rare case of sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) associated with hydrops diagnosed on prenatal ultrasound and subsequently confirmed on parturition is presented.
Spinal Dysraphism with Accessory Male Genital Organs (A Case Report)
Authors: SRIVASTAVA D.N. , AWASTHY D.N. , KATIYAR R.K. , MANIKA
Published: March 2008

Clinico‐Radiological and operative observations of a case of spinal dysraphism with accessory male genital organs are presented. Operative observations substantiated the presence of myelomeningocele in association with the spinal dysraphism in a case with normal sized penis, urethra and scrotum on top of a huge swelling over the back.
Spinal Arachnoid Diverticula (Report of a Case and review of the literature)
Authors: KAUSHIK HIMANSHU , HUNG PHILLIP
Published: March 2008

We report a case of multiple spinal arachnoid diverticula in a four year old girl in order to draw attention to this entity as an unusual cause of spinal cord compression. The radiological findings and previous literature are reviewed.
Evaluation of the Mammographic Lesion
Authors: OSBORNE JONATHAN M. , ROBERT DOROTHY
Published: March 2008

Radiologists have all too often been vague about mammographic problems presenting on films. Their reports are often too equivocal. However, with a thorough mammographic evaluation, most lesions can be classified as benign, malignant or spurious. We have listed thirteen positions, apart from the routine craniocaudal and oblique views, that may help decide the malignant potential of a mammographic problem.
Mammography and Breast Pain
Authors: BREW M.D. , BILLINGS J.D. , CHISHOLM RJ.
Published: March 2008

Two hundred and three consecutive patients underwent mammography at both public and private facilities. Their patients were asked to complete a questionnaire which recorded their assessments of pain. There was a very low incidence of significant pain (4%). The rate was highest (10.9%) in those with pre‐existing breast pain. This compared with a rate of 1.4% in those without pre‐existing breast pain. A large number of premenopausal women suffered from breast pain (69%). Breast pain was particularly common in the week prior to onset of menstruation. Therefore, routine mammography should be scheduled in a pain‐free interval and, if possible, the week prior to onset of menstruation should be avoided.
Preoperative Embolisation in the Management of Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma
Authors: PALMER F.J.
Published: March 2008

Thirteen cases of juvenile angiofibroma were treatea surgically with preoperative embolisation. One case occurred in a female. Embolisation significantly reduced blood loss and allowed complete surgical removal of the tumour in all cases. No significant complications occurred. Preoperative embolisation should be employed routinely in the surgical management of these patients.
Primary Bone Tumours of the Pelvis in Childhood—Ewing's Sarcoma of the Ilium, Pubis and Ischium. (Report of 30 cases) (Part I)
Authors: KOZLOWSKI K. , CAMPBELL J. , BELUFFI G. , HOEFFEL J.C. , MORRIS L. , PELIZZA A. , SPRAGUE P. , TACCONE A. , ARICO M. , STEVENS M.
Published: March 2008

30 children with Ewing's sarcoma, the most common malignant pelvic tumour in childhood, were analysed. The diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma is relatively easy and can be established in most of the cases on plain radiography. The diagnostic radiographic features of the tumour are discussed. The two most important conditions in differential diagnosis are eosinophilic granuloma and the rare primary bone lymphoma. Osteomyelitis should rarely cause confusion unless the clinico‐radiographic findings are not properly evaluated.
Rare, Primary Iliac, Pubic and Ischial Tumours in Children (Report of 14 Cases) — Part II
Authors: KOZLOWSKI K. , CAMPBELL J. , BELUFFI G. , HOEFFEL J.C. , MORRIS L. , PELIZZA A. , TACCONE A. , ARICO M. , STEVENS M.
Published: March 2008

14 cases of rare, primary iliac, pubic and ischial bone tumours or tumorous conditions are reported. These include aneurysmal bone cyst, eosinophilic granuloma, cavernous haemangioma, osteoid osteoma, fibrous dysplasia, fibrous dysplasia with sarcomatous degeneration, chondrosarcoma, lymphoma and atypical malignant histiocytosis. The possibilities to be considered in the accurate radiographic recognition of primary tumours of iliac, pelvic and ischial bones are discussed.
Kaposi's Sarcoma in AIDS: The Role of Radiation Therapy
Authors: CHOWDHURY A.D. , CHILDS W.J. , BENJAMIN C.S.
Published: March 2008

Radiotherapy can provide good palliation for AIDS patients with symptomatic Kaposi's sarcoma. We have retrospectively reviewed the treatment of 13 lesions in 5 patients. All treated tumours demonstrated significant regression with moderate doses of radiation. Side effects were acceptable and treatment provided good pain relief, functional improvement, and restoration of cosmesis. Our experience confirms that radiotherapy has a meaningful role in the management of AIDS‐related Kaposi's sarcoma.
MRI of Internal Derangement of the Knee with Arthroscopic Correlation
Authors: SYKES J. T. , MULLIGAN S. A.
Published: March 2008

MRI has assumed a major role in investigating disorders of the knee, especially internal derangement. We correlated the MRI report and arthroscopic findings of 18 patients with suspected meniscal or ligament injury. The results are presented and compared with other series. A particularly important asset of MRI is its very high negative predictive value.
Neurofibromatosis 2: Report of an Affected Kindred, with a Discussion of Imaging Strategy
Authors: FERRIS N. J. , SIU K. H.
Published: March 2008

Three cases of neurofibromatosis 2 occurring in one family are presented. Features distinguishing this condition from the more common neurofibromatosis 1 are discussed and the important role of radiological screening in case detection and follow‐up is emphasised.
Neonatal Tuberous Sclerosis: Magnetic Resonance Appearance of Subependymal Tubers
Authors: DAWSON KAREN L. , MOORE SHEILA G. , ARIAGNO RONALD L.
Published: March 2008

A case of tuberous sclerosis in a neonate, with cerebral and cardiac hamartomas evaluated by MR imaging, is presented. Intracranial subependymal tubers in this neonate exhibit increased signal intensity on short TR images. This differs from the signal characteristics of subependymal tubers in older patients.
Cavitating Pulmonary Nodules in Histiocytosis‐X High Resolution CT Demonstration
Authors: TAYLOR DONNA B. , JOSKE DAVID , ANDERSON JAMES , BARRY‐WALSH CAITRIONA
Published: March 2008

In a case of pulmonary histiocytosis, high resolution C. T. scanning (H. R. C. T) showed multiple small ring shaped peripheral pulmonary lesions. This has not, to our knowledge been previously reported in the radiological literature. The possible pathogenesis of these lesions is described. With the advent of H. R. C. T this appearance should become more widely recognised in the future. H. R. C. T was of considerable assistance in diagnosis of this patient with non‐specific findings on the plain chest film.
Necrobacillosis
Authors: ADLER JULIAN , CHAKERA T. M. H. , THOMPSON R.
Published: March 2008

Necrobacillosis is a severe septicaemic illness caused by the gram negative anaerobe, Fusobacterium necrophorum, that typically occurs in previously healthy young adults following a mild sore throat.

Radiological changes in the chest are prominent and include rapidly developing empyema, pneumonic consolidation, cavitation and pneumatocele formation. Metastatic abscesses in other sites are also seen. The clinical setting and time course are in marked contrast to the presentation of most anaerobic pleuro‐pulmonary infections.

Two cases are described, in one of which the outcome was fatal. Both displayed marked chest disease as an early manifestation of their illness. As the condition is relatively uncommon, radiological diagnosis demands a high index of suspicion in order to facilitate early treatment.
Gastric Antral Webs in Adults
Authors: TRAVIS R. C.
Published: March 2008

A case of a gastric antral web is described. The possible aetiologies and clinical consequences are discussed.
Case Report: Loosening of Total Knee Prosthesis Demonstrated by Digital Subtraction Arthrography
Authors: JONES R.
Published: March 2008

Digital subtraction arthrography was utilised to demonstrate loosening of both femoral and tibial components in a total knee arthroplasty.
The Potential of Neutron Capture Therapy in the Management of Uncontrollable Localised Tumours
Authors: BSc. B. J. ALLEN
Published: March 2008

The role of Neutron Capture Therapy for the treatment of uncontrollable, localised tumours is examined. Several boron carrier biochemicals are already in use for the selective accumulation of boron in cancer cells, and therapeutic boron concentrations have been achieved in glioblastoma and melanoma in animal models and in patients. Local control of glioblastoma and subcutaneous melanoma has been reported after thermal neutron irradiation. Different neutron beam requirements apply for the treatment of these cancers, in the former case a thermal beam is adequate but a more penetrating epithermal beam is needed for the treatment of deep‐seated tumours. A thermal facility for small animal irradiations is available in Australia, and the development of a patient thermal/epithermal facility is under active consideration.
Half Body Irradiation for the Palliation of Bone Metastases
Authors: BURMEISTER B. H. , PROBERT J. C.
Published: March 2008

Half body irradiation using single large doses of photons has been reported as an effective modality for the palliation of symptoms due to widespread metastatic bone malignancy. Over a 7 year period (1982–1988) sixteen patients with disseminated malignancy were given half body irradiation at Auckland Hospital. Treatment consisted of a single dose of radiation of between 5 and 8 Gray. Either 6 or 8 MV photon beams were used. Twelve patients received treatment to the lower half body, three patients to the upper half body and one patient to both upper and lower half body. Significant pain relief occured in fifteen patients and two patients experienced improvement with hypercalcaemia. All patients tolerated the treatment well and toxicity was minimal.
Identification of Hepatic Cirrhosis by Duplex Doppler Ultrasound Value of the Hepatic Artery Resistive Index
Authors: PIERCE MARK E. , SEWELL RICHARD
Published: March 2008

Pulsed Doppler Ultrasound was used to analyze hepatic artery wave forms near the porta hepatis. The Resistive Index (RI) = [pcak systolic frequency shift (A) ‐ minimum diastolic frequency shift (B)] / [peak systolic frequency shift (A)] has been calculated from this information. Two populations have been compared; 30 fit hospital staff members, 23 male, 7 female, age mean 37 years and range 19 to 73 years, and 33 cirrhotic potential liver transplant recipients, 16 male, 17 female, age mean 48 years and range 11 to 78 years.

The RI was successfully obtained in 94% of the potential transplant patients. There is a significant difference between the RI of the controls (mean = 0.72, SE = 0.2, n = 27) and the cirrhotics (mean = 0.82, SE = 0.2, n = 31), P<0.0001. Using a cut off of greater than 0.77 this index has a sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of 68%, 70% and 69% respectively.
Gallstone Dissolution by Methyl‐Tert‐Butyl Ether (MTBE) Via Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholecystostomy
Authors: CHOONG M. K. , PHILLIPS G. W. L.
Published: March 2008

Dissolution of gallbladder stones with MTBE appears to be an effective and safe treatment for patients with symptomatic gallstones who are unfit for surgery. However, the procedure is tedious and the stone recurrence rate is as yet unknown.
Polycystic Disease of the Kidney Coexisting with Medullary Sponge Kidney
Authors: ANDERSON J. E. M. , STEENS R. D. , HURST P. E.
Published: March 2008

A case of simultaneous adult polycystic kidney disease and medullary sponge kidney is reported. Such an occurrence is rare but suggests that these two conditions share a common pathogenesis.
Emphysematous Pyelonephritis Simulating Intestinal Obstruction and Pneumatosis Intestinalis
Authors: YIP C.K.Y. , WONG H.Y.N , CHAN P.S.F. , METREWELI C
Published: March 2008

A case of emphysematous pyelonephritis is reported. The initially puzzling plain abdominal radiographs simulated intestinal obstruction and pneumatosis intestinalis. Resolution was later confirmed sonographically.
MR Imaging of Primary Pulmonary Lymphoma
Authors: TAKASHIMA SHODAYU , FUJITA NORIHIKO , MORIMOTO SHIZUO , IKEZOE JUNPEI , KOZUKA TAKAHIRO
Published: March 2008

We present a patient with primary pulmonary lymphoma studied by magnetic resonance (MR), whose MR appearance was considered to be suggestive of the disorder. On TI‐weighted MR images the tumour was seen as a large mass with homogeneous signal intensity, replacing the entire left lower lobe, while on T2‐weighted images it was demonstrated as a homogeneous mass with a surrounding thin layer of greater signal intensity. This discrimination was not possible with computed tomography.
Extralobar Pulmonary Sequestration of the Left Retroperitoneum
Authors: SHIH SHIN‐LIN , LIN JACKSON CHING‐TZER , CHEN BE‐FONG , CHEN CHIU‐CHIANG , CHANG KOU‐LIANG , LIANG DER‐CHERNG
Published: March 2008

This paper presents an extralobar pulmonary sequestration in the left retroperitoneum in an eight year old girl. The clinical and diagnostic features included abdominal pain, an abdominal mass, elevated VMA, and radiological manifestations simulating a left adrenal mass. A laparatomy was performed.

Extralobar pulmonary sequestration of the left retroperitoneum is fairly uncommon. An eight year old girl was admitted with abdominal pain, elevated urinary VMA and an abdominal mass. The radiological manifestations simulated a left adrenal mass. At surgery an extralobular pulmonary sequestration was detected.
Peroral Pneumo Colon — A Double Contrast Technique to Evaluate Distal Ileum and Proximal Colon
Authors: MITTAL ANJU , SAHA MADAN M. , PANDEY K.K.
Published: March 2008

The technique of peroral pneumocolon (POPC) has been found to be simple and easy to obtain excellent double contrast visualization of the distal ileum and proximal colon. Thirty four patients were subjected to the POPC examination of which 29 had undergone prior barium meal follow through studies. In 86.2% of these cases POPC was found to be superior as compared to conventional studies. In 5 patients who could not retain Ba‐enema, POPC was performed as first line of investigation with 100% efficacy.
Review of Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Bacterial Endocarditis in Relation to Radiological Procedures
Authors: O'CONNELL PAUL T. , PARTRIDGE JOHN B.
Published: March 2008

Although the risk of endocarditis from radiological instrumentation is low, it is recommended that antibiotic cover is used for certain invasive procedures in patients at high risk. The barium enema is, in this context, included in procedures requiring cover. Prosthetic heart valves are particularly liable to infection.
Turtleback Liver on CT and Ultrasound: Schistosoma Japonica Revisited
Authors: ALBERTYN LYNDA E. , GANGULY BARRY S. , COOPER JOHN E. , FATAAR SHADLEY
Published: March 2008

Schistosomiasis in its many forms still presents a major public health challenge. Its tendency to cause dystrophic calcification makes it ideal for radiologic study. With population movement the disease may be encountered in unexpected countries especially with the sensitivity of CT to the presence of calcium.

S. japonica produces pathognomonic “turtleback” calcification in the liver, in association with hepatic fibrosis but not necessarily cirrhosis. This paper illustrates a classic case and reviews the literature.
Hydrometrocolpos: Diagnosis and Follow‐up by Ultrasound — A Case Report
Authors: SAWHNEY S. , GUPTA RENU , BERRY M. , BHATNAGAR V.
Published: March 2008

Hydrometrocolpos is accumulation of secretions in the vagina and uterus, caused by excessive intrauterine stimulation of the infant's cervical mucous glands by maternal oestrogen in the presence of an intact hymen (Wilson et al 1978). Hydrocolpos is dilatation of the vagina proximal to a congenital obstruction. If the uterus is also dilated, the condition is called hydrometrocolpos. Most cases of hydrocolpos are associated with an imperforate hymen that forms a thin bulging membrane between the labia.

Though many cases of hydrometrocolpos have been reported in literature, there is no case report which shows classical ultrasound findings and follow up ultrasound scans to show the involuted uterus. We are presenting a case report whose diagnosis was established on ultrasound. This case highlights the value of ultrasound in diagnosing this condition and excluding other associated renal anomalies.
Holoprosencephaly (A Case Report)
Authors: ANAND RAMA , MAHAZAN HARSH , KHURANA RAMAN , CHANDNA NIRUPAMA , GARG UMESH , KAUL S.N.
Published: March 2008

We describe here a rare entity of Holoprosencephaly. The embryogenesis and the diagnostic aspects of this condition are highlighted.
Characteristic Appearances of Colonic Lipomas on Barium Enema: A Guide to Conservative Management
Authors: DAVIS S.J. , YOONG M.F.P.
Published: March 2008

The double contrast barium enema appearances of seven colonic lipomas are reviewed. These lesions have submucosal features: intact mucosa, sharp margination and obtuse angles between the lesion and the adjacent colonic wall, as well as features characteristic of lipomas: pliability and shape change, broad pedicles and spherical appearances en face. They can be differentiated from the more significant colonic adenomas and then CT scanned to establish a histological diagnosis. The need for colonoscopic or surgical excision of these predominantly asymptomatic lesions occurring in elderly patients can be considerably reduced.
Free Intra‐Peritoneal Gas — An Unusual Aetiology
Authors: SLONIM LEON , ROSS ANDREW
Published: March 2008

The presence of free gas under one or both hemidiaphragms on an erect chest x‐ray is most frequently the result of recent abdominal surgery or, in the absence of such surgery, is almost always indicative of a perforated abdominal viscus. A case is reported of a patient in whom pneumoperitoneum was discovered incidently on a chest x‐ray following extensive pelvic manipulation for acute inversion of the uterus.
Melorheostosis of the Toe: A Case Report
Authors: SUDO AKIHIRO , OGIHARA YOSHIO , KUSANO ITSUO , UEMURA TOKUHIRO
Published: March 2008

A case of melorheostosis in a 57‐year‐old Japanese woman is presented. This case is noteworthy because of its unusual radiographic features and local findings and its unusually long follow‐up period of more than 29 years. Melorheostosis progresses very slowly over a long period of time, and can show bizarre features, simulating malignant tumor.
MRI of Lumbar and Sacral Plexus Nerve Sheath Tumours
Authors: BREIDAHL WILLIAM H. , KHANGURE MAKHAN S.
Published: March 2008

Seven patients with peripheral nerve sheath tumours affecting the lumbo‐sacral plexus were examined with MR imaging utilizing a 1.5T magnet and spin echo pulse sequences. The majority of tumours were homogeneous in signal intensity and isointense with adjacent muscle on T1 weighted images and showed markedly increased signal intensity on T2 weighted images with central areas of relatively low signal intensity.

An attempt to obtain a pathological correlation with the areas of low signal on T2 weighted images was unsuccessful.

The use of Gadolinium DTPA in one patient resulted in irregular enhancement of both a neurogenic sarcoma and smaller neurofibromas.

The multiplanar imaging capabilities, high soft tissue contrast, non‐invasiveness, lack of ionizing radiation and the characteristic appearance of neural tumours makes MR ideal for imaging these lesions.
Is What You See What You Get? Breast Specimen Handling Re‐visited
Authors: ROSE ALLISON , OSBORNE JONATHAN , WRIGHT GORDON , BILLSON VIRGINIA
Published: March 2008

Specimen radiography is already established as an essential adjunct to excisional biopsy of mammographically detected abnormalities.

Two methods of specimen sectioning following the initial specimen radiograph are described. The techniques were devised to identify the lesion accurately in the specimen for subsequent pathological analysis. They have been tailored to suit the differing facilities at two Breast Screening Centres.

The methods highlight the desirability of a cooperative multidisciplinary approach to the management of breast disease. They underline the importance of radiological localization of the lesion; not only for the surgeon, but also for the pathologist.
Modified Gianturco Arterial Stents—Preliminary Results in Iliac Arteries of Sheep
Authors: THOMSON K.R. , PATERSON R.T. , STEWART J.L. , McDONALD A.J.
Published: March 2008

Modified Gianturco arterial stents were placed in the iliac arteries of 3 non‐atherogenic sheep. At three months after placement there was no evidence of migration of the stents or of excessive intimal overgrowth in relation to the stents.
Infra‐Hyoid Metastases in Supra‐Hyoid Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: COWAN I.A. , WELLS S.W.
Published: March 2008

The CT scans of 71 patients with primary squamous cell tumours of head and neck sites were reviewed and compared with clinical examination in the assessment of lymph nodes above and below the hyoid. Above the hyoid, CT and clinical examination disagreed on the presence or absence of metastases in 13/42 cases (31%); below the hyoid where palpation is presumably easier, there was disagreement in 1 of 10 cases (10%). Abandoning infra‐hyoid scans to save scanner time would save only seven slices on average per case and it is possible that further, clinically silent lesions would be missed. We conclude that staging scans in head and neck cancer should continue to include the infra‐hyoid region. The inadequacies of existing knowledge based on clinical staging are discussed.
Computed Tomographic and Ultrasound Appearances of Focal Spared Areas in Fatty Infiltration of the Liver
Authors: McKENZIE A. , GILL G. , McINTOSH R. , HENNESSY O. , PRYDE D.
Published: March 2008

Computed tomography (CT) and utrasound (US) appearances of diffuse and focal fatty infiltration of the liver (FIL) are well recognized. We have recently seen 10 cases with “fat spared” areas in FIL presenting as pseudo tumours of the liver.

Characteristic appearances of fat free areas in FIL which help differentiate these areas from other focal liver lesions include (i) location in the medial segment of the left lobe of the liver, (ii) absence of mass effect on surrounding vessels and liver tissue, and (iii) presence of typical changes of FIL elsewhere in the liver on CT or US examination.
Nodal Recurrence in Primary Malignant Epithelial Turnours of the Parotid Gland
Authors: POULSEN MICHAEL G. , TRIPCONY LEE B. , KYNASTON BRUCE
Published: March 2008

An analysis has been made of the incidence of nodal recurrence in 237 patients with primary carcinoma of the parotid gland. Fifty eight patients (24.4%) developed nodal metastases; mostly in the cervical region. Eighteen of these metastases were within the radiation field and 13 were outside the radiation field. Factors which were predictive for nodal relapse were: Age > 60 years, T3 and T4 tumours, node metastases at initial presentation, and macroscopic disease at either the primary site or the nodal site. The complete response rate for treatment of nodal relapse was 19% and the partial response rate was 17.2%. The 5 year actuarial survival from the time of first presentation was 58%. The pattern of nodal recurrence in this study indicates that radiation portals should cover more than the first eschalon (upper deep cervical) nodes. Our current policy is to recommend elective irradiation of the lower cervical nodes in patients with primary parotid malignancies.
Antenatal Ultrasonic Diagnosis of Meckel Gruber Syndrome (A Case Report with Review of Literature)
Authors: VERNEKAR JEEVAN A. , MISHRA GOVlND KUMAR , PINTO R.G.W. , BHANDARI MILAN , MISHRA MEENAKSHI
Published: March 2008

Meckel Gruber syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with major characteristic features consisting of occipital encephalocele, polydactyly and polycystic kidneys along with other associated malformation. Antenatal ultrasonic examination can establish the correct diagnosis by identifying at least two of the major features described. The antenatal ultrasonic findings and pathology of this uncommon entity are discussed.
Atypical Case of Pott's Disease
Authors: MANSBERG VICTOR J. , ROWE LINDSAY J. , WALKER COLIN
Published: March 2008

An unusual case of Pott's Disease in an adult, Australian born, Caucasian male is reported. The typical and atypical radiological features of spinal tuberculosis are reviewed.
Patellar Metastases in the Presence of Chondrocalcinosis
Authors: ROSENTHAL M.A. , TIVER K.W.
Published: March 2008

A case is described of patellar metastases arising from an adenocarcinoma of the lung occuring in the presence of chondrocalcinosis.
Transdiaphragmatic Rupture of Calcified Hepatic Hydatid Cyst
Authors: LOW VINCENT H.S.
Published: March 2008

A case of calcified hepatic hydatid disease with the unusual complication of transphrenic migration and pulmonary abscess shown by plain x‐rays, ultrasonography and computed tomography is presented and the literature reviewed briefly.
Duplex Ultrasound Assessment of Extra Cranial Carotid Artery Disease: Its Introduction into a Radiology Department
Authors: MITCHELL PETER , GIBSON ROBERT , THOMSON KENNETH
Published: March 2008

Duplex Doppler ultrasound (DDU) is a non‐invasive and potentially accurate modality for assessing carotid bifurcation disease. It is however technically difficult and an appreciable learning curve has been identified. To assess the accuracy of DDU upon introduction into a radiology department with experienced sonographers and radiologists we reviewed the first twenty‐five (25) cases in patients, having both DDU and carotid angiography. Sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 81% were obtained for differentiating greater or less than 50% internal carotid artery diameter stenosis, and in detection of 80% or greater stenosis sensitivity and specificity were 83% and 100% respectively.

We conclude that DDU is accurate when introduced into a department already competent in ultrasonography, with results being achieved similar to those reported from more experienced centres. Our results also support the appropriateness of the applied criteria for grading of carotid stenosis.