bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concurrent 14. Presentation for: Major geological surfaces of the Exmouth Plateau from the new Broadband PreSDM reprocessed 3D seismic data with full waveform inversion
Authors: Jian Feng Xu
Published: June 2022

Presented on Wednesday 18 May: Session 14 The Barrow Sub-basin and Exmouth Plateau, of Australia’s North West Shelf, contain Australia’s largest gas reserves, underpinning the three major LNG facilities, including Gorgon, Wheatstone and Pluto. In addition, there remains significant near-field exploration potential such as the Sasanof prospect. While there is full 3D seismic coverage in the basin, the existing 3D surveys are of different vintages covering only parts of the basin with diverse acquisition and processing parameters. Multi-Client Resources has produced an extensive 3D seismic reprocessing project (BEX-MC3D) incorporating 23 legacy 3D surveys to provide a seamless 25 570 km2 3D dataset. The BEX-MC3D was processed from field tape through DUG Technology’s advanced Broadband PreSDM processing sequence with Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) imaging. The BEX-MC3D provides one continuous superlative 3D dataset covering almost the entire Barrow Sub-basin and the Exmouth Plateau. Major geological surfaces corresponding to key tectonic events from overburden to reservoirs have been interpreted from the BEX-MC3D Priority area in the current study. These high-fidelity imaged surfaces form a basin-wide framework for: (1) rapid exploration lead and prospect identification through the creation of trap and reservoir visualisations; (2) improved reservoir connectivity analysis and modelling of producing and discovered fields to support better reservoir management and field development decisions; and (3) improved understanding of basin-burial history for reservoir quality and geo-mechanical property prediction. This paper will present and discuss major geological surfaces in the context of future exploration lead/prospect identification, reservoir characterisation for field development and management, and improving overall understanding of the basin history. To access the presentation click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Concurrent 20. Presentation for: Collocated offshore wind-hydrogen
Authors: Paz Jerome
Published: June 2022

Presented on Wednesday 18 May: Session 20 The hydrogen industry in Australia is in its infancy with most projects at this stage supported either by State Governments or through the funding arms of the Federal Government. The market is rapidly developing and interest in hydrogen has grown exponentially over the past few years. Governments in Australia and many countries around the world have set decarbonisation targets and it is expected that Hydrogen will play a major role in fulfilling these commitments. Largely driven by policy announcements and commitments, several hydrogen projects are currently in development in Australia and globally. Current forecast data indicates over 200 GW of electrolyser capacity are either planned for deployment or under construction. While industry moves forward with deployment-scale projects, incumbent fuels occupy a healthy competitive position. For example, in Western Australia natural gas prices are around $6/GJ and are set to remain stable into the foreseeable future, largely due to Western Australia’s domestic gas reservation policy. However, the impact of volatile oil prices on domestic natural gas remains to be seen. Although potential green hydrogen projects are mostly in early stages, increased opportunities for partnerships on the supply side or joint venture arrangements with energy producers and demand side off-takers, will accelerate these projects achieving feasibility. However, in achieving target hydrogen prices, the barriers remain significant. One such barrier, is the cost of renewable electricity and one such solution could be collocated offshore wind-hydrogen systems. By nature, offshore wind is an intermittent energy source. Hydrogen could be used as a means of storing renewable energy for electricity balancing, and as a dedicated source for large-scale hydrogen production. Hard-to-abate sectors remain a significant challenge as we transition to net-zero. Hydrogen may be used to de-carbonise hard-to-abate sectors as many stakeholders see offshore wind as the primary partner for hydrogen production. This paper discusses collocated wind-hydrogen systems as a potential pathway for offshore wind deployment and commercial hydrogen production. To access the presentation click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Concurrent 21. Presentation for: CO
Authors: Barraclough Paul
Published: June 2022

Presented on Thursday 19 May: Session 21 This paper discusses the potential for storing CO2 and producing lower carbon intensity oil from onshore oil fields in the Cooper and Surat basins of South Australia and Queensland. A comprehensive database was compiled for the oil fields in the basins above, including the key required data to assess the potential of the basins for CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The South Australia and Queensland oil field databases contain 140 reservoirs with a combined original oil in-place of 1497 million barrels. These reservoirs have, to date, produced a total of 382 million barrels, with 458 million barrels of expected ultimate recovery (EUR). The database was compiled with support from Santos, Bridgeport, and Beach Energy. These reservoirs were screened further based on their size and pressure. The next step was to model the application of a CO2 flood in each of the shortlisted reservoirs using the CO2 EOR Prophet model developed by Advanced Resources International. The modelling showed that joint implementation of CO2 storage and CO2 EOR would allow the Cooper and Surat basins to store 116–158 million metric tons of CO2 and produce 248–518 million barrels of additional oil. Creating hubs and clustering fields based on their geographical location helps to reduce the cost of infrastructure and CO2 transportation. Therefore, the reservoirs in this study, were grouped and anchored to the most dominant oil reservoir that has the largest CO2 storage and EOR capacity. The results of the clusters are summarised in this paper. To access the presentation click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Concurrent 22. Presentation for: Intelligent monitoring of fugitive emissions – comparison of continuous monitoring with intelligent analytics to other emissions monitoring technologies
Authors: Prince Dennis S.
Published: June 2022

Presented on Thursday 19 May: Session 22 Studies have shown that fugitive emissions are dominated by a small number of sources with extremely high emission rates, known as super-emitters. These super-emitters present an opportunity to significantly reduce emissions in a cost-effective manner if they are managed effectively. This requires the ability to detect, locate, and accurately measure emissions. However, the uncertain nature of fugitive emissions presents challenges to monitoring. Existing and emerging technologies enable emissions management with varying levels of success. This paper provides a practical comparison of several fugitive emissions monitoring technologies, including handheld gas detectors, optical gas imaging cameras, vehicle-based systems, satellites, aircraft, and unmanned aerial vehicles. These technologies provide periodic monitoring of a facility and are compared to continuous monitoring technologies that monitor emissions on a 24/7 basis using fixed sensors and advanced analytics to identify and track emission plumes. Continuous monitoring with intelligent analytics has demonstrated great potential in overcoming the challenges of monitoring fugitive emissions to reduce greenhouse gases and other problematic emissions. Features, capabilities, and limitations of these technologies are explored in the context of gas facilities, including their ability to detect intermittent sources, identify unsuspected and off-site sources, and quantify emissions. The range of monitoring for each technology and safety concerns associated with their use are discussed. To access the presentation click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Geoscience Poster G4: A time series analysis of exploration in the North West Shelf
Authors: Inggrid Maria Irene
Published: June 2022

Poster G4 The North West Shelf (NWS) of Australia has seen a stellar increase in oil and gas discoveries, from less than 30 just 50 years ago to more than 180 today. It also hosts the ‘NWS Project’, Australia’s largest resource development project involving petroleum extraction, offshore production platforms, LNG processing plant, and LNG export hub, contributing to over 50% of Australia’s LNG export in 2020. In the last decade, discoveries have slowed down, with only four discoveries since 2010. Here, we undertook a data-driven analysis of which factors contributed to this ‘NWS boom and bust’. We noted numerous factors, the most important ones being technology and economic drivers. We arrived at this conclusion by building a time series and correlating key exploration activities to the number of discoveries and oil price. We found that (a) exploration steadily increased from the late 1960s due to 2D seismic, which coincided with oil price surge, (b) improved computational capacity spurred 3D seismic acquisition in 1981, boosting discoveries, and (c) 3D seismic acquisition in frontier areas began in the late 2000s, with the rate of discoveries flattening in 2010 as drilling became more challenging. We observed large areas of undrilled acreage covered by 3D seismic with plans for future seismic acquisition despite some of these areas equating to expensive wells and higher risks. With further work on existing 3D seismic coupled with insights from upcoming acquisitions, we would be able to develop a better subsurface understanding of these frontier basins and apply the knowledge to petroleum exploration as well as emerging energy economies like geothermal and carbon capture and storage (CCS). To access the poster click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Geoscience Poster G11: The Northwest Offshore Otway Basin Well Folio
Authors: Owens R.
Published: June 2022

Poster G11 The Otway Basin is a northwest–southeast trending rift basin which spans from onshore Victoria and South Australia into the deep-water offshore. The prospective supersequences within the basin are largely of Cretaceous age that host three possible petroleum systems (Austral 1, 2 and 3). While there is production from onshore depocentres, and the inboard Shipwreck Trough, the majority of the offshore basin remains underexplored. Recent regional studies have highlighted the need for further work across the underexplored parts of the basin and here we focus on the offshore northwest Otway Basin, integrating reinterpreted historical well data, newly acquired and recently reprocessed seismic data. This new Well Folio consists of composite logs and supporting data, which includes interpreted lithologies, petrophysical analyses, the analysis of historic organic geochemistry and organic petrology. In addition, updated well markers are provided based on seismic interpretation and new biostratigraphy in key wells. This integrated study provides the basis for renewed prospectivity assessment in the northwest offshore portion of the Otway Basin. To access the poster click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Geoscience Poster G16: Potential field interpretation and modelling in the deep-water Otway Basin
Authors: Poudjom Djomani Yvette H.
Published: June 2022

Poster G16 The NW–SE trending Otway Basin is a well-established hydrocarbon province with onshore and shallow-water offshore discoveries. However, the deep-water offshore is underexplored due to the sparsity of data in the past. New 2D seismic, gravity and magnetic data, acquired during the 2020 Otway Basin Seismic Program, were combined with legacy seismic data to improve the understanding of this part of the basin. The new data have been processed and integrated with existing open-file data to derive Moho and lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary surfaces. Additional wavelength filtering of the newly acquired magnetic and gravity data, using constraints from seismic data, provides valuable information on the geometry and the spatial extent of igneous rocks in the deep-water basin. While extrusive igneous rocks and related intrusive rocks in the Otway Basin can be inferred from seismic reflection data, the new magnetic and gravity data provide additional constraints that help to map their distribution across the basin. To access the poster click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Engineering Poster E1: The use of corrosion protection measures to extend the service life of lifting equipment in a marine environment
Authors: Burgess Ben
Published: June 2022

Poster E1 Lifting operations in marine environments pose several challenges of which corrosion and embrittlement of steel components are some of the most important ones from a material property perspective. Corrosion reactions are not only damaging to the surface of the components which can lead to stress raisers and a reduced service life but can also promote hydrogen embrittlement (HE), especially on components that operate in the splash zone. Early warning signs of product failures related to corrosion/embrittlement are almost impossible to detect during normal inspections, and catastrophic failures can result suddenly and without warning. The overarching causes of and preventative measures associated with HE have been identified. However, the positive effects of corrosion protection and an evaluation of the technologies that are available to equipment manufacturers are also important factors to be considered. This paper considers the use of corrosion protection measures and the evolution of those technologies which act as a deterrent against HE, extend the service life of steel alloy lifting equipment, reduce potentially harmful environmental impacts, and ultimately improve the safety aspects of such equipment. The authors use case study tests to argue the benefits of using thermal diffusion zinc coating as the corrosion protective measure that provides a high standard of corrosion protection, mitigation of HE and environmental impacts, and without compromising equipment identification requirements. To access the poster click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Engineering Poster E8: Dynamic Risk Advisor – real time bowtie risk assessment monitoring system
Authors: Silva Gustavo F. O.
Published: June 2022

Poster E8 This paper describes the development of a Dynamic Risk Advisor to improve safety of operations in fleet marine construction and production oil and gas vessels, well, and subsea equipment in process safety management, providing rig management onshore and offshore tools to assess health, safety, and environment (HSE) performance in real time. This tool uses the bowtie methodology, and provides a useful framework to present a risk ‘picture’ and to satisfy management of health and safety at work regulations. The focus of the methodology is the relationship between safeguards (control systems/equipment, process controls, and human factors) and an overview of the safety process monitoring in a simple and visual form. As facilities and equipment age, those safeguards may become less effective or degraded (different from the condition at the moment of risk assessment creation/revision), risks may increase and that is why they must be monitored using an effective, continuous, and temporal-aware method. Ocyan and Viasat/Intelie created a solution to identify and analyse the hazards dynamically (in real time) using the LIVE streaming data platform, providing an interface that allows the client to manage the current risk profile of their assets using a bowtie diagram. Additionally, this also provides a way for the user to assess the effect of degraded safeguards on complex operations in real time, by monitoring the actual residual risk. The study started in 2019 and was developed together with the Ocyan HSE team and was extended to all fleet due to the positive results. The tool can be accessed from mobile phones and tablets. To access the poster click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Engineering Poster E13: Monitoring well cementing operations using distributed fibre optic sensing
Authors: Huddlestone-Holmes Cameron
Published: June 2022

Poster E13 Subsurface resources operations are critically dependent on the behaviour of the well through its lifetime. While the production and injection stages are commonly monitored both at surface and downhole, the monitoring of completion installation, work-overs and decommissioning are performed mostly at surface. Yet, most recently, improvements in distributed fibre optic sensing (DFOS) technology have made downhole monitoring more tractable and enables access to data previously not available. The technology has a very small downhole footprint, low cost and provides high spatial resolution from the surface to the bottom of the well. DFOS has to date been successfully demonstrated for site characterisation via vertical seismic profiling and perforations performances assessment, providing a high-resolution description of the subsurface leading to a better-informed decision. In this work, we focus on illustrating via case studies the benefits of the technology for insights on completion installation and well integrity. Well cementing operations are critical for providing zonal isolation over the life of a well. The deployment of a casing-conveyed fibre optic cable enabled the real-time surveillance of the displacement of mud by cement, the cement equilibration and the cement curing processes. This information allowed the identification of inflow zones and cavities in the well. In another example of cement plug installation, the same technology was used to identify leakage to the formation as well as the timing and depth of the cement plugs at very high spatial resolution. To access the poster click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
ESG Poster ESG6: Fish associated with subsea pipelines and their rock berms
Authors: van Elden Sean
Published: June 2022

Poster ESG6 The ecological role of subsea pipelines is an important factor in the consideration of decommissioning options. Several studies have assessed the marine communities associated with subsea pipelines on Australia’s North West Shelf (NWS), considering the influence of factors such as water depth, substrate type, pipeline diameter and pipeline position on fish assemblages. Less is known about the artificial rock berms used to stabilise pipelines. The Wandoo field on the NWS consists of an unmanned monopod and a concrete gravity structure, with three pipelines connecting these structures: a 4″ Gas Flowline, an 8″ Test Flowline and a 12″ Production Flowline. These pipelines are buried, exposed or span the seabed and are supported by rock berms at regular intervals. We present a novel frame-based, timed-count method to assess the fish communities associated with subsea pipelines utilising archival remotely operated vehicle footage that lacks geospatial data. We apply this approach to a pipeline in the Wandoo field to document variation in the fish assemblage with pipeline position (buried, exposed, span or covered by rock berm). Overall, diversity and abundance were higher on pipeline covered by rock berms than on the other pipeline positions. We hypothesise that rock berms are effectively artificial reefs, providing complex habitat structure and facilitating growth of macrobenthos communities that are associated with higher fish diversity. We demonstrate that rock berms can increase the ecological value of subsea pipelines and should therefore be a priority area for future ecological surveys. To access the poster click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
ESG Poster ESG7: Marine measurement, monitoring and verification for offshore carbon storage projects – learnings from a coastal Gippsland setting
Authors: Ross Andrew S.
Published: June 2022

Poster ESG7 Designing cost-effective methods for implementing measurement, monitoring and verification (MM&V) plans for subsea CO2 storage is an active area of research globally. Despite some preliminary research and examples overseas, there remains a lack of established protocols and configurations for offshore carbon capture and storage (CCS) monitoring overlying storage sites and an absence of methods to establish environmental impact in the event of leakage. Over the last 4 years, CSIRO in collaboration with ANLEC R&D and CarbonNet have been undertaking research in the Gippsland region to inform the development of assurance monitoring approaches for subsea CCS operations to address three key technical assurance monitoring challenges: The ‘signal-to-noise’ problem: distinguishing CO2 release signatures from similar naturally occurring variability to reduce false alarm rates in future baseline monitoring design; characterising impact: determining the level of CO2 release that would be associated with environmental impact at a range of scales; and attributing impact: distinguishing changes resulting from other drivers and pressures in multiple-use zones (e.g. climate change) from the activities of CCS operations. The research has included a wide variety of approaches and technologies including the development and testing of fixed and mobile autonomous monitoring systems, chemical and acoustic sensing and the collection of biological datasets. These data have been used in the development of biogeochemical models and to define possible integrated MM&V frameworks. This paper will summarise this research and identify how it could be applied for offshore CO2 storage projects around Australia. To access the poster click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Business Poster B1: Measurement best practice: ‘To the standards and beyond!’
Authors: Pring Adam
Published: June 2022

Poster B1 Ultrasonic flow measurement technology has been used in practical applications for more than 50 years, and for over 30 years in custody transfer oil and gas applications. To acquire optimal results, local regulatory, buyer–seller contracts and international standards are applied. One aspect, recalibration, is often specific to the local regulations within the country of use. In this paper, we will discuss the past, present and future of ultrasonic flowmeter diagnostics. Starting at the beginning, we will discuss the first patent on ultrasonic flow measurement in 1928, to the present condition-based monitoring (CBM) software tools automating data evaluation and providing users with audit trails. The purpose of the modern ultrasonic meter is both to provide high-accuracy flow measurement, and to monitor the health of the meter. Modern diagnostic features help identify any potential cause(s) of measurement deviations. To access the poster click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Australia’s energy transition catalyst
Authors: Hartley Patrick
Published: June 2022

Our transition to net zero must be affordable and competitive, secure and reliable, and clean and sustainable – otherwise known as the energy trilemma. As Australia’s national science agency, CSIRO is uniquely positioned to support Australian government and industry in catalysing Australia’s energy transition towards net zero emissions. Dr Patrick Hartley, head of CSIRO’s Hydrogen Industry Mission, will explain how CSIRO is addressing the challenges associated with the energy trilemma both domestically and abroad through assessment, development, and demonstration of priority low emission technologies – with a particular focus on the role of hydrogen. To view the video, click on the link to the right.
Scene setter presentation: A new dawn of ENR talent – looking to the future ‘why’
Authors: Ghamgosar Nick
Published: June 2022

Advances in digitalisation and the energy transition have been significant forces driving transformational change in the Oil and Gas industry. In responding to these forces Oil and Gas companies have acknowledged the criticality of attracting and retaining top talent and evolving critical skillsets, but in reality few appreciate the complexity or scale of changes expected to the workforce. During this scene-setter, KPMG will share three workforce themes that combined are driving huge change across the ENR sector: 1. Jobs and Skills required across ENR are changing – Technology and decarbonisation are driving seismic shifts in the skills required and nurturing talent from within and re-skilling pathways will be a key element in meeting future demand. 2. Competition to attract Talent into ENR is intensifying – For many candidates with important STEM skills, ENR roles are not as appealing as jobs in other sectors A proactive approach to ESG presents an opportunity to attract talent. 3. The new norm emerging is radically different – With job vacancies at historically high levels employees and candidates are reconsidering priorities. More are demanding flexibility and development opportunities. Attracting millennials and international talent will remain important. ENR organisation should do more to maximise the value of the diverse talent pools. The message to executives and HR leaders is clear: we must think differently. We must anticipate and cultivate the skills needed today and tomorrow and drive a more flexible and inclusive approach to talent. Organisations that fail to respond will face the likelihood that talent shortages will hamper achievements of their business strategies. To view the video, click on the link to the right.
Panel discussion: Our workforce for the future
Authors: Dalley Helen , Terry Deborah , Holstrom Michael , Jones Deanna , Ghamgosar Nick
Published: June 2022

In this deep dive session into talent attraction, retention and development, speakers from education, the leading edge of student feedback, companies and expert analysts will deliver a facilitated, open and frank discussion on our pathway forward. To view the video, click on the link to the right.
Panel discussion: Investing through unprecedented change
Authors: Dalley Helen , Cook Roger , Tonkin Christina , Samter Mark
Published: June 2022

In a rapidly changing risk–reward environment, this session will bring together senior government ministers, bankers and analysts to discuss how we can continue to invest for the future of Australia’s oil and gas sector and for the Australian economy more widely. To view the video, click on the link to the right.
APPEA Awards
Authors: Dwyer Damien
Published: June 2022

Presentation of the APPEA Awards for 2022. To view the video, click on the link to the right.
Demographic and health profiles of people with severe mental illness in general practice in Australia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Spooner Catherine , Afrazi Samira , de Oliveira Costa Juliana , Harris Mark F.
Published: June 2022

Background People with severe mental illness have a higher rate of premature death than the general population, largely due to primary care preventable diseases. There has been little research on the health profile of this population attending Australian general practices. Methods In this nationwide cross-sectional study, MedicineInsight data for adult patients regularly attending general practices in 2018 were analysed to estimate the prevalence of schizophrenia or bipolar disorders (SBD) and investigate the health profile of people with SBD compared with other patients. Multilevel models clustered by practice (n = 565) and patient, and practice characteristics were created. Results The prevalence of recorded SBD was 1.91% (95% CI = 1.88%–1.94%) among the 618 849 patients included. Patients with recorded SBD were more likely than other patients to have records of health risk factors, particularly smoking (aOR = 3.8, 95% CI = 3.6–3.9) and substance use (aOR = 5.9, 95% CI = 5.6–6.3), and higher probabilities of comorbidities including cardiovascular diseases (aOR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.2–1.4), cancer (aOR = 1.1, 95% CI = 1.0–1.2), diabetes mellitus type 2 (aOR = 2.2, 95% CI = 2.0–2.3), chronic kidney diseases (aOR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.5–2.0), chronic liver diseases (aOR = 3.3, 95% CI = 2.6–4.0) and chronic respiratory diseases (aOR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.7–1.8). Conclusions The higher prevalence of health risk factors and comorbidities among patients with recorded SBD underscores the need for proactive health risk monitoring and preventive care to address this health inequity.
Climate benefits from establishing marine protected areas targeted at blue carbon solutions
Authors: Jankowska Emilia , Pelc Robin , Alvarez Jimena , Mehra Mamta , Frischmann Chad J.
Published: June 2022

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are recognized as highly effective tools for marine conservation. They may also play an important role in mitigating climate change. A variety of climate change solutions are rooted in the ocean, centered primarily around “blue carbon” and the capacity of marine life to sequester carbon dioxide (CO
2
) with some potential to reduce emissions. However, the global potential of these solutions remains misunderstood and untapped. Here, we analyze the potential impact on carbon removal and emissions reduction of adopting six ocean-based solutions in MPAs: coastal wetlands protection, coastal wetlands restoration, macroalgae protection, macroalgae restoration, seafloor protection, and seaweed farming. The carbon removal and avoided emissions achieved by implementing these solutions globally through 2060 were estimated using meta-analysis of existing studies. Applying all six ocean solutions under global implementation scenarios yields total emissions reduction by 2060 of 16.2 ± 1.82 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (GtCO
2
-eq) for the plausible scenario and 24.8 ± 2.46 GtCO
2
-eq for the ambitious scenario. That equates to around 2% of the total carbon mitigation needed to meet the Paris Agreement goals of limiting global warming to 2 °C by 2050. Around 70% of this reduction is attributable to carbon removal and 30% to avoided emissions. Enhancing MPAs’ blue carbon potential could be a key contributor to drawing down carbon and could provide many additional benefits to the marine environment and human society, such as rebuilding biodiversity and sustaining food production. However, more regional-scale studies are needed to inform the best strategies for preserving and enhancing carbon removal in ocean sinks.
Dynamic intracellular exchange of nanomaterials’ protein corona perturbs proteostasis and remodels cell metabolism
Authors: Cai Rong , Ren Jiayu , Guo Mengyu , Wei Taotao , Liu Ying , Xie Chunyu , Zhang Peng , Guo Zhiling , Chetwynd Andrew J. , Ke Pu Chun , Lynch Iseult , Chen Chunying
Published: June 2022

Significance

This study analyzed the dynamic protein corona on the surface of nanoparticles as they traversed from blood to cell lysosomes and escaped from lysosomes to cytoplasm in the target cells. We found with proteomic analysis an abundance of chaperone and glycolysis coronal proteins (i.e., heat shock cognate protein 70, heat shock protein 90, and pyruvate kinase M2 [PKM2]) after escape of the nanoparticles from lysosomes to the cytosol. Alterations of the coronal proteins (e.g., PKM2 and chaperone binding) induced proteostasis collapse, which subsequently led to elevated chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) activity in cells. As PKM2 is a key molecule in cell metabolism, we also revealed that PKM2 depletion was causative to CMA-induced cell metabolism disruption from glycolysis to lipid metabolism.
Antibody homotypic interactions are encoded by germline light chain complementarity determining region 2
Authors: Leonard Brandon , Sankar Kannan , Romei Matthew G. , Tse Margaret J. , Do Nina , Yang Yanli , Matochko Wadim L. , Bevers Jack , Bollineni Sundeep , Mukhyala Kiran , Hoi Kam Hon , Lazar Greg A.
Published: June 2022

Significance

Weak transient interactions are fundamental to immune responses, enabling avidity-driven triggers for pathogen neutralization and cellular regulation. In contrast to obligate binding interactions that can be directly investigated structurally, the low or transitory abundance of weak interactions make them difficult to identify and characterize. This study leverages receptor agonism systems that are sensitive to oligomerization to investigate transient homotypic interfaces between antibody Fab regions. Our results show that self-association determinants are encoded naturally by the antibody germline through light chain complementarity determining region 2 (CDRL2), and these determinants can be engineered into antibodies to enhance their therapeutic properties. Insights into avidity-driven interactions create opportunities for optimization, and accordingly this work expands the engineering toolbox for antibody-based drugs.
Epitaxial SrTiO
3
films with dielectric constants exceeding 25,000
Authors: Yang Zhifei , Lee Dooyong , Yue Jin , Gabel Judith , Lee Tien-Lin , James Richard D. , Chambers Scott A. , Jalan Bharat
Published: June 2022

Significance

Semiconductor interfaces are among the most important in use in modern technology. The properties they exhibit can either enable or disable the characteristics of the materials they connect for functional performance. While much is known about important junctions involving conventional semiconductors such as Si and GaAs, there are several unsolved mysteries surrounding interfaces between oxide semiconductors. Here we resolve a long-standing issue concerning the measurement of anomalously low dielectric constants in SrTiO
3
films with record high electron mobilities. We show that the junction between doped and undoped SrTiO
3
required to make dielectric constant measurements masks the dielectric properties of the undoped film. Through modeling, we extract the latter and show that it is much higher than previously measured.
The role of language proficiency, gender, and language dominance in using co-speech gestures to identify referents in narratives by Persian-English bilinguals
Authors: Varnosfadrani Azizollah Dabaghi , Tavakol Mahbube
Published: June 2022

The research reported here examined the effects of language proficiency, gender, and language dominance on gesture use in the tracking of referents by Persian-English bilinguals. 32 EFL learners were divided into two groups of highly proficient and less proficient speakers with equal number of males and females in each group. They were presented with a video extract and asked to recount the story in both L1 and L2. The sessions were video-recorded and the participants’ speech and gestures were transcribed and coded to compare the total number of word tokens and the proportion of maintained references accompanied by three types of gestures. The results offered an effect for proficiency level as proficient learners produced shorter L2 narratives with fewer spoken referents and co-speech gestures. Regarding language dominance, the results were mixed as both males and females produced longer narratives and more gestures in their dominant language (L1), but fewer spoken references, which could be attributed to the pro-drop phenomenon in Persian. The findings also indicated that females’ narratives were longer with more referring expressions and gestures, suggesting that gender can modulate the relationship between language proficiency/dominance and gesticulation. Finally, abstract deictic gestures were observed to be more frequently used by participants.
Carbides precipitation and kinetics of H13 steel subjected to deep cryogenic treatment
Authors: Li Shaohong , Guo Han , Li Junwan , Li Zhimin , Li Jun
Published: June 2022

The influence of deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) on carbides precipitation and isothermal softening behaviour as a function of both temperature and time during tempering of H13 steel was investigated. The results show that the retained austenite transformed into martensite leading to an increase in hardness. The carbon content of martensite decreased after DCT and tempering according to the calculation of the X-ray diffraction spectrum. This indicates that more fine carbides precipitated from the martensitic matrix after DCT. The morphology of microstructure and distribution of carbides have verified the properties improvement mainly depending on the retained austenite transformation and more fine carbides precipitated after tempering. In addition, the carbides precipitating and coarsening are the main causes of thermal softening.
Near-field properties of spin, Huygens and Janus sources in a narrow sandwiched structure
Authors: Jiang Hanwen , Wang Jianshan , Song Ge , Ren Jie , Yang Xihua , Xu Jingping , Yang Yaping
Published: June 2022

Near-field photonics has attracted extensive attention for its applications from classical to quantum fields, and near-field directionality is the core of many applications. Here, we use a sandwich structure to investigate the effects of waveguide width and source position on the behavior of spin, Huygens and Janus sources. Although the structure is very simple, the conclusions obtained through it can be extended to more complex structures. In a narrow waveguide, the surface modes on each interface can be coupled together to form symmetric and antisymmetric surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) modes, connecting the evanescent fields at the two interfaces. The width of the waveguide determines the propagation constants of the two SPPs modes and will affect the near-field directional emission of the three sources. We find that the directionality of the three sources in the narrow waveguide is no longer perfect, but related to the position of the source. In addition, we also discuss the possibility of realizing near-field directional emission of three sources with only one electric dipole in different structures by selectively exciting the special SPPs mode. Our result increases the flexibility of controlling the direction of near-field emission of evanescent waves, having potential applications in nanophotonic propagation and multifunctional nanophotonic devices.
Comparative performance of different hyperbolic cosine functions and generalized B functions basis sets for atomic systems
Authors: Coşkun M , Ertürk M
Published: June 2022

Recently, we reported a new set of Bessel type functions, which include the radial part of generalized Bessel functions

r

n
−
1

e

−
ζ

r

μ

for LCAO calculations of atomic systems. In this study, to achieve further improvement of the performance of generalized Bessel type basis sets in the Hartree–Fock-Roothaan calculations, different hyperbolic cosine functions inserted into the radial part of those generalized Bessel functions. For this purpose, three different generalized hyperbolic cosine functions have been used to construct the generalized Bessel type hyperbolic cosine basis sets. The accuracies of generalized Bessel type hyperbolic cosine functions within the minimal basis sets approach are compared to show their superiority to conventional approaches those in the literature. The performance of the presented basis functions is also compared to the numerical Hartree–Fock results. Our virial ratios are in good agreement to within 8-digits of the −2. It is shown that the results obtained by the new basis sets surpass the quality and accuracy of existing Bessel type basis sets.
Fluorescence spectroscopy based characterisation method for aggregation behaviour of rhodamine B (RhB) in water, ethanol, and propanol
Authors: Radiul Seikh Mustafa , Chowdhury Jugal , Goswami Angana , Hazarika Simanta
Published: June 2022

The aggregation behaviour of rhodamine B (RhB) dye has been studied with the change in the concentration of the RhB in water, ethanol and propanol using absorption and laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy. The dimer and monomer fluorescence emissions were observed simultaneously in all the solvents. The monomer to dimer fluorescence intensity ratio

I

M

I

D

, where IM = Monomer fluorescence intensity, ID = Dimer fluorescence intensity, has been calculated and found that at a certain concentration of RhB the magnitude of the ratio is different in different solvents. The ratio

I

M

I

D

becomes equivalent to one for 1.5 gm l−1, 3 gm l−1 and 4.2 gm l−1, (gm l−1: gram litre−1) concentration of RhB in water, ethanol and propanol respectively. This concentration of RhB at which the ratio

I

M

I

D

become unity is proposed as ‘critical concentration’. Above this critical concentration the dimeric fluorescence dominates and below which the monomeric fluorescence dominates. The parameter ‘critical concentration’ provides a condition of equilibrium between the monomer and their aggregates. Moreover, in the solvent for which the magnitude of critical concentration is less the fluorophore molecule aggregates more easily and vice versa. The ratio

I

M

I

D

and critical concentration quantify the aggregation process of the fluorophore in the solvent. Hence, the ‘critical concentration’ value of the fluorophore (RhB) could be assumed as the characteristic parameter to study the aggregation behaviour of the fluorophore in solvents. The described method has the merit of use in the study of lasing ability and the wavelength tunability of the dye laser gain media as well as in the heavy metal sensing technology in water. This method may also be extended for other fluorophores and solvents.
On the Onsager–Casimir reciprocal relations in a tilted Weyl semimetal
Authors: Jiang Bingyan , Zhao Jiaji , Wang Lujunyu , Bi Ran , Fan Juewen , Li Zhilin , Wu Xiaosong
Published: June 2022

The Onsager–Casimir reciprocal relations are a fundamental symmetry of nonequilibrium statistical systems. Here we study an unusual chirality-dependent Hall effect in a tilted Weyl semimetal Co3Sn2S2 with broken time-reversal symmetry. It is confirmed that the reciprocal relations are satisfied. Since two Berry curvature effects, an anomalous velocity and a chiral chemical potential, contribute to the observed Hall effect, the reciprocal relations suggest their intriguing connection.
Active thermophoresis and diffusiophoresis
Authors: Liang Huan , Liu Peng , Ye Fangfu , Yang Mingcheng
Published: June 2022

Thermophoresis and diffusiophoresis respectively refer to the directed drift of suspended particles in solutions with external thermal and chemical gradients, which have been widely used in the manipulation of mesoscopic particles. We here study a phoretic-like motion of a passive colloidal particle immersed in inhomogeneous active baths, where the thermal and chemical gradients are replaced separately by activity and concentration gradients of the active particles. By performing simulations, we show that the passive colloidal particle experiences phoretic-like forces that originate from its interactions with the inhomogeneous active fluid, and thus drifts along the gradient field, leading to an accumulation. The results are similar to the traditional phoretic effects occurring in passive colloidal suspensions, implying that the concepts of thermophoresis and diffusiophoresis could be generalized into active baths.
A minimal model for the auxetic response of liquid crystal elastomers
Authors: Yu Bingyu , Gao Yuanchenxi , Zheng Bin , Meng Fanlong , Fang Yu , Ye Fangfu , Ouyang Zhongcan
Published: June 2022

We develop a minimal phenomenological model to describe the auxetic response recently observed in liquid crystal elastomers, and further determine by theoretical calculation the critical condition required for the auxetic response to occur.
Origin, characteristics, and suppression of residual nitrogen in MPCVD diamond growth reactor
Authors: Teng Yan , Liu Dong-Yang , Tang Kun , Zhao Wei-Kang , Chen Zi-Ang , Huang Ying-Meng , Duan Jing-Jing , Bian Yue , Ye Jian-Dong , Zhu Shun-Ming , Zhang Rong , Zheng You-Dou , Gu Shu-Lin
Published: June 2022

Unintentional nitrogen incorporation has been observed in a set of microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD)-grown samples. No abnormality has been detected on the apparatus especially the base pressure and feeding gas purity. By a comprehensive investigation including the analysis of the plasma composition, we found that a minor leakage of the system could be significantly magnified by the thermal effect, resulting in a considerable residual nitrogen in the diamond material. Moreover, the doping mechanism of leaked air is different to pure nitrogen doping. The dosage of several ppm of pure nitrogen can lead to efficient nitrogen incorporation in diamond, while at least thousands ppm of leaked air is required for detecting obvious residual nitrogen. The difference of the dosage has been ascribed to the suppression effect of oxygen that consumes nitrogen. As the unintentional impurity is basically detrimental to the controllable fabrication of diamond for electronic application, we have provided an effective way to suppress the residual nitrogen in a slightly leaked system by modifying the susceptor geometry. This study indicates that even if a normal base pressure can be reached, the nitrogen residing in the chamber can be “activated” by the thermal effect and thus be incorporated in diamond material grown by a MPCVD reactor.
In-plane optical anisotropy of two-dimensional VOCl single crystal with weak interlayer interaction
Authors: Wang Ruijie , Cui Qilong , Zhu Wen , Niu Yijie , Liu Zhanfeng , Zhang Lei , Wu Xiaojun , Chen Shuangming , Song Li
Published: June 2022

Transition-metal oxyhalides MOX (M = Fe, Cr, V; O = oxygen, X = F, Cl, Br, I), an emerging type of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials, have been both theoretically and experimentally demonstrated to possess unique electronic and magnetic properties. However, the intrinsic in-plane anisotropic properties of 2D VOCl still lacks in-depth research, especially optical anisotropy. Herein, a systematic Raman spectroscopic study is performed on VOCl single-crystal with different incident laser polarization at various temperatures. The polarized-dependent Raman scattering spectra reveal that the A
g mode of VOCl show a 2-lobed shape in parallel polarization configuration while a 4-lobed shape in vertical configuration. In addition, the temperature-dependent and thickness-dependent Raman scattering spectra confirm a relatively weak van der Waals interaction between each layers among VOCl single crystal. These findings might provide better understanding on the in-plane anisotropic phenomenon in VOCl layers, thus will accelate further application of 2D single crystals for nanoscale angle-dependent optoelectronics.
Near-infrared photocatalysis based on upconversion nanomaterials
Authors: Guo Xingyuan , Wang Zhe , Yin Shengyan , Qin Weiping
Published: June 2022

As the global energy crisis and environmental pollution problems become increasingly severe, it is important to develop new energy capture and pollution management methods. Among these new technologies, photocatalysis has garnered significant interest because of its significant application prospects in harnessing pollution-free solar energy to degrade organic pollutants. From a fundamental scientific and technical perspective, improved optical frequency is a key research topic that provides a useful framework for studying the optical processes impacted by the local photonic environment. This type of study is especially pertinent because plasmonics emphasizes nonlinearity. Thus, near-infrared (NIR) catalysis has received considerable attention. In this review, we aimed to provide an integrated framework for NIR photocatalysis. We briefly introduce photocatalysis based on upconversion (UC) materials, including the efficiency of UC materials and the bination and energy transfer process between the semiconductor and UC particles as well as photoelectric response photocontrolled-delivery and photodynamic therapy based on NIR-responsive materials.