bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Just Price (pretium iustum) and its application through history
Authors: Sic Magdolna
Published: October 2011

In this paper, without going into detailed theoretical considerations, we gave only the main development of thoughts about iustum pretium, as well as the outline of different methods of its realization through history, until today. The main problem is how to ensure the principle of equality between the contracting parties whose position is often unequal due to their different circumstances. The demand for equality of contracting parties in business relations and their mutual obligations (equivalence) was laid down by Aristotle in the early IV century B. C. Later the praetors have developed these principles, and they got their own further elaboration by pre-classical and classical roman jurists. Despite the fact that from the period of the Republic there already existed some sort of price control, mainly because of social reasons, the main rule was - that the price is just, if there is no lack of will one of the contractual parts: dolus, metus, error, or lack of experience in case of a person younger than twenty-five (minor), or women. They have considered in the first place the principle of bona fides in business relations. In modern theory, this concept is known as the subjective theory of the just price. In the post-classical period, due to special needs of poor small land-owners (in the period of Diocletian or Justinian) the seller of the land, who did not get even a half price of the value of a land sold, enjoyed protection even without its consideration and proving the lack of the will. Although there are only two provisions in Justinian's code about it, this rule, which was called laesio enormis in the Middle Ages (and founded the so-called, objective theory of just price), thanks to canon law mainly, with a lot of discussion in the Middle-Ages in theory and different solutions in practice, ius commune is accepted as a general rule. Modern codifications accepted in the first place the subjective theory about the just price. Somewhere in the sense of usury contracts (like in German BGB) or in combination with laesio enormis (for example, Code civil, ABGB, our Law of obligations), but only exceptionally, laesio enormis is accepted also in the objective sense (like in former Serbian Civil Code, and Hungarian Ptk). We can say that today there is a tendency of wider interpretation of the bona fides in practice when solving the question of equality of values, all with the aim of weaker party protection, usually the consumer. Council Directive 93/13 EEC protects the consumer with a new, objective rule: the prohibition of one-sided unfair contract clauses: if the clause harms the consumer neglects the bona fides requirements and if it results in considerable inequality in the rights and obligations of the contracting parties. A clause like that does not oblige the consumer. There is a tendency to apply this rule to all contracts, which means also on non-consumer contracts.
Demographic picture of family in Vojvodina according to the 2002 census
Authors: Kuburovic Ankica
Published: October 2011

The general demographic picture of the Vojvodina family was analyzed according to the 2002 population census. The prevailing family type is a married couple with children. In relation to the previous census, there has been an increase of single-parent families. The family in Vojvodina is ethnically homogeneous. Families with secondary education of both men and women are dominant, except in the type of married couples without children where the woman is mainly with uncompleted primary school. Family structure according to activities varies according to type of family unit, where there is birth differentiation as well. The most frequent families are those without children in which the woman is supported, and the man works. As regards families with children, the most frequent units are those in which both woman and man are active and working, but families in which only the man works are dominant.
A little known massive migration towards Vojvodina
Authors: Curcic Slobodan
Published: October 2011

This paper is about a massive migration towards Vojvodina which was caused by economic, and particularly, agrarian motives. This migration began shortly after colonization. Inhabitants of Bosnia and Herzegovina were the most numerous among the settlers who were mostly rural people and who firstly turned to agrarian occupations and rural milieus. This was the last example of a classic migration from the mountain and agrarian-overcrowded regions towards Vojvodina. It is estimated that it was most intensive between 1955 and 1965. Later migrations were more often caused by urban motives.
Nationally undeclared and undecided persons in Vojvodina in 2002
Authors: Marinkovic Ivan
Published: October 2011

The results of the 2002 census pointed out to an enormous increase in the number of inhabitants who were nationally undeclared or undecided. In the inter-census period 1991-2002, this population group increased for more than ten times (from 5 054 to 55 016). According to the share in the total population of Vojvodina (2.71%), they are - along with the Croats (2.78%) and the Slovaks (2.79%) - located immediately after the most numerous nationalities, the Serbs and the Hungarians. The paper analyzes the basic demographic characteristics (gender and age structure) of the undeclared and undecided persons, as well as the differences and similarities with other nationalities. The paper also presents the unequal spatial distribution of that population (at the settlement and municipal level), pointing out the interdependence between a great number of Yugoslavs and the enormous increase in the persons who were nationally undeclared or undecided. Using the features mother tongue and religion, the author tried to establish the relative relation between the number of the nationally undeclared and the number of nationally undecided persons.
To live as a single child: An advantage or disadvantage?
Authors: Kapor-Stanulovic Nila , Petrovic Jelica
Published: October 2011

A large number of couples who end up their reproductive career with only one child presents a serious problem for demographic trends of a region in which they reside. A question rarely posed is what kind of consequences that phenomenon has for a family climate and family dynamics of those families. An even more important question is what kind of consequences the same phenomenon has for personality development of a child who grows up as a single child. What kind of characteristics and what personality traits are more likely to develop in a child that grows without his/her siblings? The results of our research show that single children get better results on the tasks that require recognition of one?s own emotional states and motives of one?s own behavior than first born and second born children. However, single children score less favorably than first or second born on the tasks that require forecasting other people?s behavior. The explanation for this may be that single children are self-centered due to the lack of interaction with siblings. Other possible explanation may be a specific parenting style that a single child receives from his/her parents. This parenting style is uniquely different from parenting style that a second or third born child receives due to the unique situation created by the fact that he/she is a single child.
Reproductive function and the young: Potential, evaluation and restrictive factors
Authors: Bjelica Artur , Kapor-Stanulovic Nila
Published: October 2011

In view of the intensification of the depopulation trend in our country it is necessary to implement modern and efficient programs of population policy. Creation of effective programs of population policy requires knowing of all aspects of existing pronatal potentials and possible restrictive factors. One such aspect is the evaluation of the reproductive function among young people, bearers of the future natality trends. The work describes and discusses the attitude of the young toward the reproductive function. Also it is concerned with certain factors that can impair the importance and impact of pronatal potentials conditioned by highly valued reproductive function. As the most important one, we singled out the set of factors concerning psychological price of parenthood, especially with women, in view of the competitive-conflicting action of modern woman. Also, an account was given of the potential influence of patrilinearity as of a restrictive factor of pronatal movements.
Changes in the reproduction of Vojvodina population
Authors: Devedzic Mirjana
Published: October 2011

Important changes in the reproduction of Vojvodina population happened in the second half of XX century. In the end of the century, the society was ruined. A large inflow of refugees in that period, as well as a social and economic situation inappropriate for making birthgiving decisions, raised the questions like how such conditions have influenced the fertility in the population, and whether the trends have continued. This paper analyzes several fertility indicators in Vojvodina over the last five decades focusing especially on the 1990s and early 2000s, in order to explain the major tendencies and the intensity of changes. It shows changes in the number of live births, specific fertility rates, total fertility rates, cohort fertility, woman?s age at first birth, and divorce frequency.
Abortion: A significant problem of public health and a determinant of biological reproduction
Authors: Todorovic Miodrag , Radovanovic Olica
Published: October 2011

Artificial abortion is a very important social-medical, economic and demographic problem. It is not only a problem of public health (disease disability, sterility) and social economy (to lose income and compensation because of absenteeism, increase of expense in health care sector for the treatment of direct, early and late consequences and sterility). It is a very important demographic problem because of the increase in "unrealized fertilities" and lost of descendents. According to the registered abortions in 2004, an enormous number of abortions was done in Timocka Krajina in relation to the number of live-births (1241:1931); more precisely, for 150 live-births, there were 100 arteficial abortion. The greatest number of abortions was done in 30-34 year old women, most in Zajecar municipality with 1/3 of the total number of artificial abortions. All the women who aborted in 2004 had already had - on the average - 2,55 abortions and 1,6 live-births before. In the conclusion, the central problem is the prevention and protection of unwanted pregnancy, and unsatisfactory activities in the field of women health protection, reproductive health and family planning.
Attitude of Matica srpska towards the demographic structure of the population in Vojvodina between two world wars
Authors: Markovic Sasa
Published: October 2011

Demographic structure of Vojvodina, based on available sources, is very well known. Domination of Serbian, Craoatian, Hungarian, and German population in Vojvodina is documented through registrations. Historical events had an impact on the certain demographic movements in Vojvodina. Matica Srpska, as an institution which takes care about spiritual heritage of Serbian people has tried to find its role under new circumstances. Among others, domination of Slavic population has been set as a crucial issue in the realization of an idea of Vojvodina as a teritory of Slavic corpus. Consequently the secretary of Matica Srpska, dr Nikola Milutinovic, has announced his concept about the modelity of the gradual domination of Slavic population in Vojvodina.
Demographic increase in the context of divorce and extramarital partnership
Authors: Polovina Nada
Published: October 2011

The basic goal of this paper is to point to the scope and significance of the share of divorce and extramarital partnership in the issues related to demographic increase. The paper consists of three parts. The first part discusses the relevant demographic data which - through the increase of the divorce rates and the rates of children born extramaritally, as well as through the specification of general indicators within these categories of population (age, marriage length, education, job) - indirectly point to the reduction and impoverishment of the reproductive potentials in this subpopulation. The second part of the paper presents contemporary theoretical-research argumentation which tends to explain the dynamics of the functioning of the pattern of family and heterosexual partnership (postulates of evolution psychology, psychology of sex roles, psychology of reproductive behaviour and sociology of family). The third part presents the concluding remarks and the standpoints of the author herself about the need to construct a new thinking area and discourse which would follow the created changes and processes, as well as to preserve in them the idea of longstanding co-operative relations in which man and woman, in new life conditions and realities, contribute to the benefit of the descendents.
Vital characteristics, educational structure and perspective of the Hungarians in Vojvodina
Authors: Gabric-Molnar Iren
Published: October 2011

One segment of the perspective of human resources in a specific region is its demographic development (adequate vital indicators), as well as a proper educational structure of the active population. Among other things, the essence of the development of Vojvodina is the improvement of its human potential as a whole and the desire that no community, neither ethnical nor national minorities, should lag behind in it. In the 1990s, the impoverishment and loss of perspective in our country accelerated emigra tion of the population, as well as the tendency for a relative and absolute decrease in the number of the Hungarians in our region. In 2002, the number of Hungarians was 290.207, which means that in ten years it decreased for 49.284 persons. This is a result of a low birthrate, assimilation, and mostly emigration abroad, usually of young experts with their families. The loss of a significant part of intellectuals, valuable workers, means a great handicap for our human resource in the country, bat also for the national community of the Hungarians. Progress and survival of all nations and nationalities in Serbia depends on their ability to get included in the developmental economic, cultural trends, their capability at the job market. One of the guarantees that we would catch up with the world is the progress in the school system, professional education of the population and the stability of the economic system. In order to view the position of the Hungarians in the school system in Vojvodina, we analyze their share at the educational levels the share of Hungarians at different educational levels is not adequate, when we take into account their percentage share in the total population of Vojvodina (14,28%). At the elementary level, the share of the Hungarians in the total number of elementary-school pupils is only 12,31%, at the secondary-school level it is about 11%, but at the high-school level it is barely above 8%. The share of the Hungarians at the university studies is too small (below 6% of the total number of students). Further decrease in the number of students, classes at schools and staff carrying out lecturing in that mother tongue, for the Hungarian community would mean fast degradation. The Hungarians feel threatened, suppressed, and that creates lack of confidence in the dominant nation. For these reasons, the positive discrimination is necessary, special attention towards the threatened communities, to enable the national minorities to preserve their identity and culture, to maintain a stable multiethnic atmosphere in the Vojvodina region.
Competitiveness of Serbian economy measured by the indexes of competitiveness of the World Economic Forum 2007-2008
Authors: Parausic Vesna , Cvijanovic Drago
Published: October 2011

True competitiveness is measured by productivity. Productivity supports high wages, a strong currency, and attractive returns to capital and with them a high standard of living. The world economy is not a zero-sum game. Many nations can improve their prosperity if they can improve productivity. The central challenge in economic development is how to create the conditions for rapid and sustained productivity growth.
Health care financing in the Russian Federation
Authors: Solak Zdravko
Published: October 2011

The problem of financing health care, which is otherwise typical for many countries in the world, has been combined with other problems that accompany the social transformation process in former socialist countries. Within the fifteen years, the Russian health care system has been constantly suffering from difficulties such as insufficient financing, emphasized territorial differences in availability of health care services, aggravated supply with medicines etc. Deterioration of the health status of the population reflects in the on shortening of life. Experiences in the implementation of the health care system reform is of an exceptional significance having in mind that methods of financing have been innovated in that country by the introduction of mandatory health insurance in 1993. Currently, one can find diversity of ideas and proposals in the Russian scientific periodicals that refer to resolving of existing, serious difficulties in the health care system as well as to the future of the Russian health care system.
Between science and propaganda
Authors: Djurkovic Misa
Published: October 2011

The article deals with the work of Ivan Colovic, well known ethnologist and author of numerous books in which he has done very interesting research on subjects of contemporary popular culture. After a short presentation of his complete opus, in the first part of the article, author gives a general overview of Colovic's work and tries to evaluate good and bad points of some of the most important of his theses. In the second part of the article, focus is put on his work after 2000. The author concentrates on the investigation of the process by which, due to bare political motivation, Colovic's thought slides into pure political propaganda, and loses any of the characteristics of the serious scientific work.
Six misjudgements relevant for population policy
Authors: Rasevic Mirjana
Published: October 2011

Population fertility is a topic which arouses the most attention in the public when considering the demographic situation in Serbia. Through various institutions and mass media, there is more and more talk on the low level of births, its reasons and consequences as well as the need to solve this problem. However, the beginnings of forming a population climate are accompanied by a series of thoughts, standpoints and assertions among experts and politicians which demographers define as misjudgments. This paper tries to indicate to the six most common significant incorrect convictions which are relevant for defining and carrying out of a population policy. It is believed that highly emotional evaluation of the phenomenon of insufficient births provokes a lot of thought on this matter, reasons and solutions are sought, and the problem is even minimized due to a feeling of helplessness when facing it, even outside demographic circles, namely among highly educated people who do not have specific knowledge. Nevertheless, these misjudgements should be corrected, because the biggest problem facing the population policy is in fact connected to forming individual and social reproductive consciousness.
Social capital concept and economics 'imperialism'
Authors: Golubovic Natasa
Published: October 2011

From the perspective of economic science social capital opened space for the analysis of social structure, social norms and institutions i.e. for the analysis of the long neglected influence of socio-cultural factors on economic changes and processes. Trying to explain how social structures emerge on the basis of individual optimization, i.e. to explain them by the logic of rational choice, economic science widened its analytical domain. The explanatory scope of the basic neoclassical principles has been considerably widened to incorporate what has previously been considered to be the analytical terrain of other social sciences. This process has been labeled in scientific circles as 'colonisation' of social sciences, or economics 'imperialism'. The goal of this paper is to determine the implications of these changes for the relation between economic science and other social sciences.
Paja Radosavljevic (1879-1958): Messages of a successful career and unsuccessful mission
Authors: Jerkovic Ivan
Published: October 2011

Paja Radosavljevic is a person whose life and work is little known in public Everything written about him has been characterized by a number of doubtful statements. Dilemma starts from a question if he was a pedagogue or a psychologist, if he was in conflict with the educational authorities of his age or not, if he had deserved to teach at the Belgrade University or not, to the question if he obliged anybody with his work and if anyone should honor and remember him or not. This paper tends to answer the mentioned dilemmas. A conclusion of our research on Paja Radosavljevic, who was a great man nevertheless, is that he certainly deserves a particular monument, a monument which should not be a late recognition of his greatness, but a reminder to our society that it should never allow to realize greatness and a loss of its best people afterwards, when it is already late.
Genesis and development of the theory of sustainable development
Authors: Blagojevic Slobodan , Marinic Ivo
Published: October 2011

The paper discusses the issues of origin and development of the theory of sustainable development in the historical context. It is pointed out that the foundations of the theory of sustainable development are to be found already in the work of the Greek thinker Aristotle in the 4th century B.C., and later in the works of many theoreticians of development relying on general insights. It is underlined that the explanation of phenomena and processes in nature ranges from the understanding of nature as an automatism in which everything develops according to the natural laws, from relying on the physical laws of mechanics and thermodynamics to the present explanation with the dominance of the influence of biological laws and principles on the natural phenomena and processes and with the systematic approach to the management of environment.
Patients' consent to the measure of medical treatment
Authors: Sjenicic Marta
Published: October 2011

Consent to medical treatment is a patient right. The patient right to give or withhold consent to some treatment procedure arises from the principle of free will of each person, that is, the principle of self-determination. The patient consent is valid only in case he/she has previously been provided by the physician with the relevant information on the intended medical measure. The scope of information is generally regulated. However, the physician is obliged to estimate each patient's need and the ability to receive information. Treatment can have desired results only with patients' compliance. Apart from being patient right, giving of consent to medical treatment is also his/her legal duty, the fulfillment of which is expected prior to beginning of treatment. By non-complicance, a patient unable the treatment procedure and damages his/her own health. However, the duty to give the consent is not the real legal obligation. It cannot be the subject of claim, nor can it be coercively enforced. For this reason, consent to medical treatment, as well as the other subsidiary duties of patients, is named duty of the patient in his own interest. Its non full filament does not lead to the liability of the patient. It can, under certain circumstances, reduce or exclude the physicians share in damage and his liability or, under certain circumstances, give the possibility to the physician to cancel further rendering of health care to the patient.
The clusters approach to the improvement of competitiveness of livestock production in Serbia
Authors: Parausic Vesna , Cvijanovic Drago , Hamovic Vladana
Published: October 2011

Clusters are basic postulate for achieve competitiveness in livestock production in Serbia, for increase export of meat and for subsisted farmers in small agricultural holding, especially in environment of: 1) lack of competitiveness considerations; 2) insufficient public support for livestock production; 3) more liberal agricultural trade with EU; 4) significant demand for baby beef in world market. In the same time, with financial and institutional support of government and public sector, clusters in livestock production has a huge strength for employ people, utilised natural resources and realization of projection aim of agrarian policy in this production. .
Same or different: Leisure time of young people in Vojvodina and in the rest of the world
Authors: Petrovic Jelica , Zotovic Marija
Published: October 2011

Domestic researches of youth leisure time are still rare, although we live in a 'leisure society'. The aim of the conducted research was to identify leisure time activities and level of leisure satisfaction of young people. The sample of the research includes 1103 respondents of adolescent age (pupils of secondary schools) from urban and rural areas in Vojvodina. The results of this research showed that youth in Vojvodina spend their leisure time similarly as their peers in other American and European countries. Typical patterns of young people's activities in their spare time are mainly passive: those include activities such as watching TV and listening to the music, while cultural activities seemed to be rare. Preferred leisure time orientations are the orientation towards entertainment and the orientation towards spending time and going out with peers. Furthermore, results suggest high frequency of risky behavior among adolescents: tobacco and marijuana use. The most frequent risk behavior is alcohol use. .
Demographic development and implementation of population policy measures in the Republic of Srpska
Authors: Marinkovic Drasko
Published: October 2011

Republic of Srpska faces complex demographic problems that are manifested in a constant reduction in birth rates and negative population growth, reducing the number of pupils in primary schools, the process of depopulation, the disappearance of the villages, aging population, emigration of fertile and working-age population abroad. The components of natural movement of population in the period from 1996 to 2008 indicate problems in demographic development. The current rate of natural increase is negative and points to the disruption of vital structures of population with a range of negative consequences. At the level of the Republic of Srpska, family planning and social policy are under the strong influence of changes that occur in society. From the analysis of demographic determinants for the last ten years it is evident that in the Republic of Srpska, for a longer time, there has been active demographic recession initiated by an intensive reduction of fertility rates. In order to increase the fertility a broader social action is needed from which there should arise strategy for demographic development and family planning program that should take into account the number of children required for the replacement of generations. In accordance with the previous, it is needed to intensify activities on systematization of existing measures of population policy and to direct them primarily in pro-natal purposes, in order to distinguish measures of population and social policy. These activities should be developed at all levels, especially at the level of local government. .
Zipf's law and cities in Serbia
Authors: Solak Zdravko , Dobric Nikola
Published: October 2011

Formulated and mostly employed in linguistics, Zipf's law has been drawing attention of demographers and economists for a number of years relevant to their exploration of regional development or research within urban economy. Particularly intensive application of this law can be seen in analyzing the distribution of cities within a given country regarding the number of inhabitants living in them. The paper shows the application of Zipf's law in an analysis of the distribution of cities in Serbia according to the size of their population. Zipf's regressions have been determined based on the data provided by the 1998 and 2002 censuses, excluding the places populated by less than seven thousand inhabitants. The results arrived at are: for 1991: ln (rank) = 13,79-1,025 ln (number of inhabitants), R2 = 0,96; for 2002 ln (rank) = 13,88-1,032 ln (number of inhabitants), R2 = 0,96. The paper points out the applicability of Zipf's law on cities in Serbia having in mind the data collected the next census, as well as the factors which influence and modify the natural movements of the population and migrations spurred by economic changes. One of the most important ones is the fact that Serbia had become an independent country. Apart from that, the cities in Serbia took in the people coming from war torn and crisis enveloped neighboring regions. .
The future of aging: Directions of development of social protection of the elderly in the community
Authors: Maricic Biljana
Published: October 2011

Modern world is confronted with the fact that population is getting older, which become a personal, family and social problem. Changes in the socio-demographic structure of the population (aging population, the raising of the life-span, low birth rates, changes in family) produce many difficulties and problems, the present challenges and create directions of services development of long-term care for the elderly in the local community. Comprehensive framework consists of several questions which the author finds important for the relevant areas of interest: demographic trends and aging of population; needs and quality of life of elderly people in the local community; social protection of elderly people in the local community - a modern sustainable integrated model in Temerin and beyond; possible directions for the development of long-term care and protection in the local community; importance, challenges and risks of sustainability of social services in the community. Aging population and its increasing in the population requires a new strategic planning, professions and profiles, programs and services, housing for the elderly and other possible directions of action and activities in the local community. .
Assessment of validity and reliability of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire for the elderly population in Vojvodina
Authors: Ac-Nikolic Erzebet , Cankovic Sonja , Dragnic Natasa , Radic Ivana
Published: October 2011

Assessment of quality of life in older people has become increasingly important as a result of ageing of the population. World Health Organization created the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire for quality of life assessment based on results obtained from surveys carried out in 18 countries. The aim of this paper is to determine validity and reliability of the Serbian version WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire for the population older than 60 years. The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was used for quality of life assessment on the representative sample of 199 persons who live in Retirement home in Novi Sad. Reliability (internal consistency) was assessed through Cronbach ggga coefficient and validity by correlation between scores and individual's overall perception of quality of life and individual's overall perception of their health (convergent validity). Reliability was high for all four domains (Cronbach ggga ranges from 0.68 Social relationships to 0.79 Physical health domain). Validity was confirmed with a high correlation of all four domains (Physical health, Psychological, Social relationships and Environment) and individual's overall perception of quality of life (p < 0.001) and also with individual's overall perception of their health (p < 0.001). The results indicate that WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire (Serbian version) is valid and reliable quality of life instrument for older people. The results of the quality of life assessment are comparable with results obtained in other countries with suitable language version of the WHOQOL-BREF. .
Aging of the population of the Republic of Serbia and Belgrade through the prism of the relation of the age structure of the population and the age structure of household members
Authors: Vicentijevic Radmila
Published: October 2011

The most important age structure represents an age structure of population. The results of census which was held on territory of the Republic of Serbia show that the Republic of Serbia is considered to be among the countries with the oldest population. In the last fifty year's time there was registered a constant decrease in number of young people, and constant increase in number of old people. During the period of the 80s, a number of young people from 0-14 years old was twice larger than the number of people older than 65, on the republic and the city of Belgrade's level, in the last census held in 2002 for the first time there was noticed a higher amount of people older than 65 related to population in an age from 0-14. An average old age of people in the Republic has grown from 35.8 to 40.3, and in Belgrade, which was always considered as a city of youth, it is noticed an increase in average old age from 34.9 to 40.4 years of age. Index of aging increased from 0.51 in the Republic of Serbia, 0.41 in Belgrade, to 1.01 or 1.07. In the Republic of Serbia and the city of Belgrade, for more than 50 years, the average size of household became smaller for more than one member, a number of single man households has increased for 5.5%, and participation of some old age groups in a structure of household members in a specific way shows a difficult demographic situation in Serbia and the city of Belgrade. Almost 83% of households in Central Serbia don't have even one pre-school child, and among households which have children at the age of 7, one child households form the majority. In the same period the number of households with members older than 65 has increased, so households like this in 2002 formed about 39%. Out of 435491 households in Serbia, every fifth household is named as OLD AGE HOUSEHOLD and SINGLE MAN HOUSEHOLD. .
Unemployment as one of the leading problems of depopulation in border municipalities of Banat
Authors: Pasic Milana , Ivkov-Dzigurski Andjelija , Dragin Aleksandra
Published: October 2011

Bordering area of the Banat region consists of nine municipalities. These municipalities border with Romania and have the furthest, peripheral eastern position in Vojvodina. Demographic situation of this area is generally not favourable and one of the main problems is high unemployment rate. In order to improve the current demographic situation, it is necessary to offer certain proposals for revitalisation. The unemployment rate could be changed with a long-term plan and its realisation conducted in several stages. What needs to be taken into account is proper planning of all activities at different levels. A research study conducted in the period from January 2007 to October 2008 shows that all bordering municipalities of Banat decreased the number of unemployed people in relation to the beginning of the year 2007. Municipality Bela Crkva has the highest percent of the unemployed, whereas Coka and Novi Knezevac have the lowest percentage. The unemployed people are mainly older categories with a lower level of education. .
Relation of the Serbian cultural club related to the structure of the population of Vojvodina
Authors: Markovic Sasa , Besermenji Snezana
Published: October 2011

The Serbian Cultural Club is an organization founded in mid-January 1937. The Club pretended to be an non-party entity with the idea of cultural renaissance and broader national homogenization of the Serbian nation in The Kingdom of Yugoslavia, as an answer to the tendency for the political division of the country according to the national basis which was realized by the Cvetkovic-Macek Agreement from August 26, 1939. On the basis of that Agreement, formation of the Banat of Croatia started the division of the territories and federalization of the country along the ethnic principle. Since the borders between the constitutional nations of Yugoslavia were not clear in the territory and the theoretical pretensions were very conflicting. The Serbian Cultural Club tried to answer the challenge of the newly created situation. Its activity was specially visible in Vojvodina, having in mind the structure of the population, and there was also a numerous, nationally still not completely determined group of the Bunjevci and Sokci population. In an attempt to define their attitude to Vojvodina, intellectuals from The Serbian Cultural Club discussed all 'burning' issues related to the structure of the population, too. This paper would deal with his interesting and controversial topic. .
Changes in the natural movements of the population of the Republic of Srpska
Authors: Vranjes Rajko
Published: October 2011

On the basis of modern statistical data it is possible to track the movement of population in the Republic of Srpska. Basically, the work is based on an analysis of the natural movements of the Republic of Srpska since there are no official data for the territory of the Republic of Srpska (1996). The components of the natural movements were observed in the period 1996-2007. The paper discusses methodological changes in statistical data processing performed within a certain period. Particular importance is given to the analysis of individual components that participate in the natural movement of population by age and municipality. From the aspect of the causes that led to changes in the natural movement, the paper discusses the total fertility rate as well as the main factors which influenced the birth/fertility. Comparative analysis of the environment intends to show the kind of situation today the Republic of Srpska population and in the municipalities that are most vulnerable in terms of natural movement. .
Acceleration of modernization of marriage as a condition to the rehabilitation of procreation in Serbia
Authors: Bobic Mirjana
Published: October 2011

The first part of the paper shows that Serbia (excluding Kosovo and Metohia), like other Former Yugoslav states, still has not entered 'the second demographic transition', even though the decline of the universality of marriage has been registered. Instead of behavioral shift towards postmodern, individualised types and forms of unions, the population of contemporary Serbia resorts to the strategy of passive adaptation to persisting structural barriers, which, in the aggregate, are manifested through: the postponement of marriage and ageing of fertility, practical absence of serial monogamies (high-ranking marriages), with the increase of enlarged family households, while on a demographic level, it causes familiar aggravating effects: long-lasting low fertility rates, negative population growth, depopulation and intensive ageing. Such demographic development has been occurring in a specific context of slow social transformation and globalisation (European and global integration). By making reference to the relevant socio-demographic literature and empirical research (national and international), the second part of the paper examines the hypothesis about relation between the 'decline' of traditional family and possible increase of fertility. We wonder whether the acceleration of the individualisation of marriage and family could be one of potential (unused) ways of rehabilitation of procreation in the forthcoming period, with determined generators of these processes, such as: modifications in the sense of gender equality/flexibility and decrease of the strict intergenerational cohesion, for the purpose of accepting different, pro-active and personally accountable pattern of life? This is the latest innovation in modern, interdisciplinary demography, which relevant authors created on the basis of the analysis of abundant empirical records. Finally, the purpose of this paper is not to disregard the significance of practical policies (population, social, housing, health care and others), which the author of this paper supports, but to point out some indirect means of their more efficient implementation. .
Labour force sustainability under conditions of demographic ageing
Authors: Radivojevic Biljana , Nikitovic Vladimir
Published: October 2011

The paper presents the impact of demographic ageing on the size and age composition of the labour force in Serbia. With an unchanged rate of activity, demographic ageing will lead to a reduction in the size of work force. After leaving the working age of baby-boom generations after 2010 a continuous decline of working age population is expected. Even expected immigration after 2020 in 90% cases will not prevent its further decline. Certain institutional measures, such as moving the age limit for leaving the labour force, can mitigate the negative effects of demographic trends. .
Contemporary relations of Serbian Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches
Authors: Nikolic Marko
Published: October 2011

The issue of primacy divides Roman Catholic (RCC) and Serbian Orthodox Church (SOC) in theological field. Painful historical heritage from Second World War is also the great obstacle. Yugoslav atheistic state supported development of inter-church relations in acceptable proportion that would increase national relations in Yugoslav federation. Its fear was related to possible 'common front' against ideological system. Regional inter-church relations were initiated by Vatican and Pope Paul II, while SOC accepted it particularly in the social field. Both agreed on common responsibility for the evangelization an atheistic society. The variety of institutional forms of cooperation was also agreed, Common Commission for dialogue of SOC Council and Yugoslav Bishop Conference, and Theological Faculties Conferences in Post World War II Vatican period. In post-conflict Balkan Societies, RCC and SOC agreed to continue common activities for post-conflict rehabilitation and evangelizational purposes.
JNP Zbor and Serbian orthodoxy
Authors: Dostanic Dusan
Published: October 2011

In this article the author researches the relationship between the Yugoslav National Movement Zbor and Serbian Orthodoxy. In the first part of the article he gives a short historical review of Ljoic's biography and history of the JNP Zbor. Thus, the theme is situated in historical context. In the second part of the article the author treats the Ljotic's relations, as a founder, president, leader and main ideologist of Zbor, with Serbian Orthodoxy and institution of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Special emphasis is on Ljotic's personal religiousness. In the last part the author researches influence of Orthodoxy upon JNP Zbor as an organization and ties between Zbor and the Serbian Orthodox Church.
Serbia's cable distribution systems: Leaving the gray area of business practices
Authors: Ratkovic-Njegovan Ljiljana , Radenkovic Vladimir
Published: October 2011

In most European countries, the operation of cable distribution systems has almost completely been regulated in terms of engineering/technological issues and legislation. In The Republic of Serbia, however, there is still a consider able degree of obscurity in this area. Although the cable distribution of radio and TV broadcasts/output is getting incorporated into the sphere of legal economy, the insufficiencies of related legislation, deviations from the technical/technological standards and non-transparent business prac?tices indicate the incompleteness of the regularization in this area of telecommunica?tions. The citizens, as end users, are those who suffer most the damage caused thereby.
Ljuba Jovanovic: Statesman from Boka
Authors: Nedeljkovic Sasa
Published: October 2011

Ljuba Jovanovic belongs to the generation that prepared, organized and carried out the liberation and union of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes into a single state. In 1876, as a grammar school student, together with friends, he organized the student organization 'Branko Radicevic', spreading the spirit of liberty among the youth of Boka Kotorska Bay. When the Second Boka Uprising broke out in Krivosije in 1882, the members of the organization decided to leave the grammar school and join the insurrectionists. After the uprising was put down, he fled to Serbia. In this new and unfamiliar setting, he made his way to the highest honors and titles, thanks exclusively to his own worthiness and abilities. He was among the initiators of the great national and cultural organizations whose activities would reverberate throughout the Slavic South: Sokoli, National Defense, Serbian Literary Cooperative. An initiative was launched in Boka Kotorska for Ljuba Jovanovic to head the candidate list for parliament of the National Radical Party in Dalmatia, due to his personal ties with his place of birth. Even though he came to hold some of the leading potations in Serbia and The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, he remained an honest man, leading the fight against corruption in the National Radical Party.
Overview of the cestode fauna of European shrews of the genus Sorex with comments on the fauna in Neomys and Crocidura and an exploration of historical processes in post-glacial Europe
Authors: Binkienė R. , Kontrimavichus V. , Hoberg E.
Published: October 2011

The cestode fauna in shrews of the genus Sorex from the European region consists of seventeen species. Twelve cestode species have broad Palearctic distributions, three belong to the Western-Asian-European faunistic complex, and only two are endemic to the European zone. Postglacial expansion into the European territory resulted in geographic colonization by sixteen species. The large number of cestode species with transpalearctic ranges, as well as paleontological data indicating a nearly complete faunal turnover for species of Sorex in the Pleistocene, suggests that these parasites are more ancient than the assemblage of contemporary hosts in which they now occur, and thus represent ecological relicts. We suggest that origins of the cestode fauna pre-date those of the modern fauna of its hosts, and that initial formation and radiation occurred not later than the Pliocene. In the current review, we outline testable hypotheses to explore the structure, history and development of this fauna which appears limited to species of Sorex.
Potential Trade-Offs Between Nature-Based Tourism and Forestry, a Case Study in Northern Finland
Authors: Ahtikoski Anssi , Tuulentie Seija , Hallikainen Ville , Nivala Vesa , Vatanen Eero , Tyrväinen Liisa , Salminen Hannu
Published: October 2011

Forestry, as a large industry, has significant impacts on the quality of nature-based tourism landscapes in boreal forests. In Finland, the rapid growth of nature-based tourism has expanded outdoor recreation activities from protected areas into timber production forests; this is particularly so in northern Finland. This paper focuses on assessing balanced local net impacts of three alternative land-use scenarios, in which the level of integration between nature-based tourism (NBT) and traditional forestry is varied. The study is located in northern Finland in the area between two top-rated tourist resorts, Ylläs and Levi. The results of the case study support the idea of an eligible integration between NBT and forestry, which takes into account scenic qualities of forested landscapes by restricting traditional management practices. In our case, the increased number of tourists (due to a more attractive forest environment) offset the losses accrued in forestry (due to restricted forest management).