bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design, optimization and evaluation of ibuprofen fast dissolving tablets employing starch succinate: A new superdisintegrant
Authors: Santosh Kumar Rada , Satya Yagnesh T. Naga
Published: April 2019

The current scenario emphasize on oral administration. The main disadvantage in oral administration was difficulty in swallowing for pediatric and geriatric patients. To solve this problem in oral drug delivery system, the formulation of fast dissolving systems found to be the best alternatives.  The present investigation involves in the evaluation of starch succinate as a superdintegrant in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets of poorly soluble drugs employing 23factorial design. Starch succinate was synthesized by esterification process. The synthesized starch succinate was subjected to physical and micromeritic evaluation. All fast dissolving tablets were evaluated for drug content, hardness, friability, disintegration time and other dissolution characteristics like percent dissolved in 5 min (PD5), dissolution efficiency in 5 min (DE5%) and first order rate constant(K1). The starch succinate prepared was found to be fine, free flowing crystalline powder. Starch succinate exhibited good swelling in water. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) study indicated the absence of interaction between ibuprofen and starch succinate. All the fast dissolving tablets formulated employing starch succinate were of good quality with regard to drug content (200±2%), hardness (3.6–4.0 kg/sq. cm), and friability (0.12-0.15%). The optimised formulation F8 has the least disintegration time i.e., 15±0. 02s. The in–vitro wetting time was less (i.e., 15s) in optimized formulation F8. The water absorption ratio of the formulated tablets was found to be in the range of 31.4±0.01 to 68.0±0.04%. The cumulative drug dissolved in the optimized formulation F8 was found to be 99.81± 0.22% in 5 min. Starch succinate was found to be a superdisintegrant which enhanced the dissolution efficiency with the ibuprofen and hence it could be used in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets to bring immediate release of the contained drug within 5 minutes.

Keywords: Fast dissolving, Superdisintegrant, Starch succinate, Dissolution efficiency.
Pharmacognostical evaluation of Murraya roots
Authors: PAGARIYA ASHISH SHANTILAL
Published: April 2019

Pharmacognostical evaluation is the first and foremost step to determine identity and assess the quality and purity of the crude drug.  Murraya koenigii Spreng (Rutaceae), commonly known as Curry leaf plant or Mitha Neem in Hindi is a highly valued plant for its medicinal value and characteristic aroma. Leaves of the plants are extensively used as spice and condiment in India and other tropical countries.

Present research work includes study of macroscopic, microscopic study of the root include anatomy of the thin root, anatomy of the thick root and microscopy of the powdered root. Physiochemical studies were done by using WHO recommended parameters.

 Photographs at different magnifications were taken with Nikon Labphot-2 microscopic unit.

These findings will be useful towards establishing pharmacognostical standards and preparation of monograph of the root of Murraya koenigii.
Fabrication and evaluation of selegiline HCl embedded transdermal film for management of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Bali Nikhil , Salve Pramod S
Published: April 2019

Purpose: Selegiline HCl (SGN) is indicated for treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Its mode of action involves inhibition of MAO-B enzyme. It shows extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism and low biological half-life of 1.2 -2 hours. It results in 10 % bioavailability on oral administration. To circumvent these problems, it was envisaged to develop transdermal film of selegiline HCl for management of PD.  

Method: The transdermal film were developed using ethyl-vinyl acetate (EVA) as a film former. Dibutyl phthalate (DBT) and triethyl citrate (TEC) were used as plasticizers in concentrations 10 to 20 % of polymer weight. Oleic acid and linoleic acid were used as penetration enhancers in concentrations 0.5 to 2 %.  Effect of concentration of plasticizers and penetration enhancers were investigated on ex-vivo skin permeation of SGN. The films were subjected to evaluation parameters like weight variation, thickness, drug content, skin irritancy and stability studies.       

Results: The transdermal film containing 20 % w/w of TEC of polymer weight has resulted in smooth flexible film. Maximum drug diffusion in ex-vivo permeation was observed. The transdermal film containing 2 % w/w of linoleic acid has shown maximum dug diffusion in ex-vivo permeation studies.  

Conclusion: SGN embedded transdermal films were successfully developed using EVA as a film former. TEC and linoleic acid has shown enhanced skin diffusion of drug as compared to DBT and oleic acid. Hence it is a promising approach for transdermal delivery of SGN.
Relation of R-Spondin 3 Gene expression android obesity and Susceptibility to Cardiovascular disease in Sudanese Patients in Khartoum State.
Authors: Alkinain Ashraf  M.A. , Abdelsalam Kamal Eldin Ahmed , Hassan Mutaz Ibrahim
Published: April 2019

Background: Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. A growing database of clinical evidence implicates intra-abdominal adiposity as a powerful driving force for elevated cardiometabolic risk. Addressing intra-abdominal adiposity should play a central role in future strategies aimed at improving cardiovascular outcomes in patients with abdominal obesity and its associated cardiometabolic risk in Sudan. Several studies aimed to identify some factors controlling the size and function of different areas of fat. Our research is focusing on a particular gene called R-SPONDIN3,

Objectives: It is to find the amount of R-Spondin3 Gene expression in Abdominal obesity and Susceptibility to Cardiovascular disease in Sudanese Patients in Khartoum State

Material and methods: - The study was including 300 participants (156 males and 144 females) classified into three groups. The first group was including one hundred participants with abdominal obesity (obese), the second group was including one hundred participants already diagnosed with CVD entangled with obesity (Heart Group as positive control group), while the third group was include one hundred healthy lean volunteers (negative control group)

Results: - The findings of this study showed Conventional PCR results were significantly different (P <0.001) in Heart group subjects as compared to healthy controls and obese group. Among heart group mutation was detected in some subjects (19%) and the rest without mutation (81%) but in obese group no mutation was detected. Comparison between the different studied groups according to gene expression showed significant differences (P <0.001) mean value of gene expression in healthy group subjects was 1.0 ± 0.0, Obesity group was 2.44 ± 0.50 and heart group subjects was 4.54 ± 0.87 respectively. 

Conclusion: The amount of R-SPONDIN3 gene expression among the obese and CVD patients is show up significant different and the amount of gene expressing among the CVD patients is higher than obese which is suggested that the amount of gene expressed in obese patients with heart disease more than obese patients without cardiovascular complications
JURIDICAL VIEWS OF ZIYATEDDIN KAMALI IN THE WORK ‘PHILOSOPHY OF ISLAM’ (VOL. I)
Authors: Zaynutdinov D. R.
Published: April 2019

The work attempted to disclose juridical views of Dhia’ al-Din Kamali, presented in his work ‘Philosophy of Islam’. The urgency of the problem is largely due to the lack of work, revealing the contribution of Dhia’ alDin Kamali in Islamic jurisprudence. The novelty of the research consists in the fact that the work reveals the philosophical and juridical views оf Dhia’ al-Din Kamali, in which he showed the way of reforming and further development of the Muslim legal system.
MOSQUE AS THE CENTER OF SOCIAL LIFE OF UMMAH OF THE VOLGA FEDERAL DISTRICT
Authors: Ryzhov I. V. , Borodina M. Yu. , Dorofeev F. A.
Published: April 2019

The article is devoted to the study of the sociocultural phenomenon of the mosque by considering it as a place of prayer and also as a center of social life of the Muslim Ummah. The article describes the historical development of mosques as a sort of political centre for the Islamic community, as well as the transformation of the role of mosques in the life of nowadays Muslims. The authors give a brief description of the largest mosques that are located within the Middle East, the European Union and the Russian Federation, who claim the role of the center of social life of Muslims. On the example of the Volga Federal district and its capital city of Nizhny Novgorod, the authors analyzed the contribution of mosques in social and political life of the Muslim Ummah, and also gave some recommendations to solve the existing problems of mosques that interfere with the normal development and functioning of the Muslim Ummah in the region.
RELIGIOUS POLICY OF HAFEZ AL-ASSAD IN SYRIA (1970–2000)
Authors: Kozhemyak N. S.
Published: April 2019

The article deals with the interaction between the secular nationalist regime of Hafez al-Assad and his Ba‘ath party and various Muslim communities of the country. The main attention is paid to the government’s policy towards the Sunni community, which makes up the majority of the Syrian population. Both measures to combat radical movements and support ‘moderate’ (pro-government and neutral) directions of Syrian Islam are highlighted. The second part of the article examines the policy of the country’s leadership towards the two main Muslim communities in Syria besides the Sunnis, which are the Alawites and Druze. The author argues that the main goal of the government was to reduce the level of separatism and communalism of these communities by combating traditional institutions of self-organization and mindset for faster integration into Syrian society.
‘ALPHABET OF ISLAM’ AS A SOURCE CONTAINING M. BIGI’S LIBERAL THEOLOGICAL VIEWS
Authors: Yuzeev A. N.
Published: April 2019

The book ‘The Alphabet of Islam’ of the Tatar thinker M. Bigi. (1875–1949) was published in Berlin in 1923. It criticizes Marxism and reveals liberal-theological views of M. Bigi. ‘The alphabet of Islam’ is his program work on all the pressing problems of his time. He wrote about which should be the policy of the Russian state towards Islam, the need to renew the canons of Islam to improve the ‘deplorable’ situation of both Russian and foreign Muslims. Bigi criticized the Bolshevik regime in Russia and opposed his ideal in the form of a Caliphate, advocating for the preservation of the Ottoman Caliphate, hoping that in this way the Tatar people will be able to survive as a nation.
MUSA BIGEEV’S ‘MAIDE’: A TREATISE ON LAWFUL AND FORBIDDEN FOOD
Authors: Khairutdinov A. G.
Published: April 2019

This article continues to introduce the little-known theological and legal treatise of Musa Jarullah Bigeyev ’Maida’ (‘The Meal’). It examines the features of its structure, content, and raises questions, why it was written, how deep it is studied till the present day and which ideas from this treatise still remain actual in the modern-day reality.
THE ‘MA’IDA’ (PART II)
Authors: Bigeev M.
Published: April 2019

Transl. by Aidar G. Khayrutdinov.
THE GNOSEOLOGICAL DOCTRINE OF AL-SAYYID HUMAYDAN
Authors: Nofal F. O.
Published: April 2019

In this article the philosophical and religious heritage of the Zaydi ‘alimof the 13th century, al-Sayyid Humaydan ibn Yahya al-Qasimi, is investigated. For the very first time in the history of philosophical Islamic studies, the theory of knowledge of the thinker is considered: in particular it is proved that gnoseological constructions of as-Sayyid have anti-Mu‘tazilte character and sum up the result of Mutazilite’ philosophy domination in the XI–XIX culture of Yemen. Separately the original Humaydan’s doctrine about prerequisites of reliable speculation, which designating a knowledge limit by borders of a material universe, is described. Besides, the conceptualistic theory belonging to the theologian’s plume is given in this work: according to Humaydan, the subject comprehends the things in its attributes called as ‘truths’ of all created-by-God objects. As for the Mu‘tazilte’ categories, the ‘alimdevotes to it so many interesting passages of his apology, calling it a "blamed innovation", which seems false according to early Muslim thinkers. Also, the anthropology of the outstanding Zaydi philosopher is considered by the author of article: being a consecutive dichotomist, as-Sayyid assigns to soul a number of negative properties (as like as natural tendency to doubt and defect). Contrary to soul the reason, according to the theologian, is a divine virtue and the pure informative ability which is selectively granted by the Creator to the people. The diff erence between people’s reasons truly defines their degree of ‘right duty’.
PREVALENCE OF THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOIN DYSFUNCTION AND PARAFUNCTION OF CHEWING MUSCLES IN SAILORS OF THE NAVY. POSSIBILITY OF DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT
Authors: Serikov A. A. , Iordanishvili A. К. , Voskresensky V. V.
Published: April 2019

Functional pathology of chewing structure in the form of malfunction of temporomandibular joint and parafunctions of chewing muscles are common. This is due to early tooth loss in people of young and middle age. In adults, the prevalence of this type of violation is from 12 to 75%. But persons, who have occupational hazards, have a frequency of occurrence 95–100%. Despite the fact that the study of the dental status of military personnel of the Navy was carried out repeatedly only a few studies paid attention to the identification of functional pathology of temporomandibular joint and chewing muscles and usually paid attention to a small sample of subjects. The possibilities of diagnosing and treating such diseases on ships of the Navy are severely limited because of lack of dental equipment, inaccessibility of X-ray examination. It should be noted, that reporting on dental morbidity in the system of the Ministry of Defense of Russia also doesn’t take into account this pathology. However, it is known that there are certain difculties in the treatment of patients with malfunction of temporomandibular joint and parafunctions of chewing muscles, which often recur and constant arthralgia or myalgia may adversely affect the performance of military duties, especially in the conditions of a long hike.
EXPERIENCE IN THE USE OF EVACUATION AND RESCUE CONTAINER DURING THE EXERCISES OF THE BALTIC FLEET
Authors: Karpun N. A. , Seryy D. A. , Pityakov D. A. , Yurchenko A. V. , Kolesnikov I. P.
Published: April 2019

A large number of people need medical care at sea, not only in war but also in peacetime. In terms of peaceful navigation, despite the improved reliability of vessels and the advancement of navigation techniques, shipwrecks and damage of the equipment occur which lead to the need for marine medical specialists to be provided with medical assistance and evacuated to the places of medical assistance. One of the factors of the success of medical care is the speedy transfer of the wounded and sick from the ship to the means of medical evacuation. However, the open sea dictates its difcult conditions in which it is necessary to transfer the injured. Aggravating factors, such as severe weather conditions, sea waves, design features of ships, can significantly affect the timeliness of medical care. The experience gained during the actual and training rescue operations strongly shows that rescue of people at sea is an extremely difcult and demanding task, the success of which requires constant readiness of the forces and means of the search and rescue service, as well as personnel involved in rescue operations. The aim of the study was to assess the possibility of using an evacuation rescue container for the transfer of wounded, sick, injured, cargo from ship to ship in the open sea. The article presents the result of the use of the container evacuation and rescue in the open sea. Rules for the use of evacuation and transport container and typical difculties that may arise in the transfer of the wounded (patient) with the use of this container are described.
ROLE AND PLACE OF MARITIME MEDICINE IN RUSSIAN HEALTHCARESERVICE
Authors: Mosyagin I. G. , Kazakevich E. V. , Boyko I. M.
Published: April 2019

Problematic issues of the organization of maritime medicine in Russia werecovered in the article. It was noted that today there is no specialty «maritime medicine» in the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of October 7, 2015 No. 700n «About the nomenclature of professions of the specialists having higher medical and pharmaceutical education». Authors gave definition of maritime medicine as field of the medicine intended for preservation and health promotionof subjects of maritime activities. It was pointed that the most important sphere of responsibility of maritime medicine is scientific justification and challenges implementation of life prolongation, health promotion and maintenance of the population of seaside territorial subjects of the Russian Federation. It was noted that the state system of seamenhealth protection in Russiawas consistently dismantled from 90th years of the 20th century. The arisen vacuum in questions of statutory regulation of maritime medicine can lead to losses of quality of professional selection of seamen, deterioration of fleet personnelhealth and safety concern of navigation. In article it was paid special attention to harmonization of fundamental principlesof health service support system of seamen with requirements of the International Labor Organization Convention of 2006 No. 186 «About work in maritime industry», ratified by Russian Federation in 2012. In Russia there are no mechanisms (licensing or accreditations) regulating activity of medical commissions of fleet personnel. Authors pay attention to outstanding issues in the field of medical training of fleetpersonnel for healthcare delivery on the ships, which do not have the physician onboard. Authors stressed the need of creation of maritime medical centers based on the medical centers (clinics) of Federal Medical Biological Agency of the Russian Federation located in the large ports (Vladivostok, St. Petersburg, Novorossiysk, Arkhangelsk, Astrakhan) which met both international and national safety requirements of navigation. Authors considered that the solution of the problematical questionin the sphere of maritime medicine considered in article will allow to create the new effective state system of health service support of subject of maritime activities.
MILITARY-HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION AS INNOVATIVE STUDYING FORM OF THE HISTORY OF NAVAL MEDICINE
Authors: Andreeva A. V. , Samburov G. O. , Chetskaia G. B.
Published: April 2019

A large research, patriotic work with students is carried out in the museum complex of «Northern State Medical University» (NSMU), one of the innovative forms of which is the reconstruction of a surgical field hospital. In 2018, the team of reenactors in the person of activists — members of the student scientific circle on the history of medicine and the staff of the museum complex of NSMU became the winner of the competition of grants Rosmolodezh with the project «In memory of the doctors of the war years», within which was conducted by 9 student reconstructions of the military field hospital in Arkhangelsk, Severodvinsk, Pinega, Karpogory, Vologda and Sevastopol; numerous patriotic events were organized and held at city, regional and all-Russian holidays, dozens of interviews and meetings with veterans, symposia, sections and round tables on the history of medicine at NSMU. This research, patriotic, career guidance and volunteer activities are constantly expanding. In the course of this work, acquaintance with veterans is constantly taking place, including war, labor, law enforcement agencies and public health.
MAIN HEALTH INDICATORS IN MILITARY WOMEN IN THE RUSSIAN NAVY IN 2003-2016
Authors: Evdokimov V. I. , Sivashchenko Р. Р.
Published: April 2019

We analyzed medical reports by Form 3/MED in military units with about 60% of the total number of military women in the Russian Navy (RN) served from 2003 to 2016. Over 14 years, average annual overall morbidity was 1476,9±60,8‰, primary morbidity 549,9±27,7‰, the need for dynamic follow-up 253,0±19,7‰, hospital admission 350±36‰, days out of work 7620±517‰, dismissal for health reasons 24,28±3,69‰. The death rate was 59,5±9,9 deaths per 100 thousand military per year. Polynomial trends of the listed indicators with determination coefcients of varying significance revealed inverted U-curve. Compared with all women soldiers of the Russian Armed Forces, RN military women tended to lower overall and primary morbidity, higher need for dynamic follow-up, hospitalizations and a significantly higher dismissal due to health reasons (p<0,01). Of the highest military-epidemiological significance for RN military women there were neoplasms (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health Problems of the 10th revision, Category II, 18,9%), followed by cardiovascular diseases (IX, 17,9%), respiratory diseases (X, 11,8%), endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (IV, 9,7%), diseases of the genitourinary system (XIV, 9%), which in total amounted to 67,3% of the total structure. Measures to prevent such major diseases will contribute to improving the health of RN military women.
ABOUT HEALTH CARE SUPPLY SEA ICE-RESISTANT STATIONARY PLATFORM «PRIRAZLOMNAYA» IN THE PERIOD FROM 2011 TO 2014
Authors: Arkhipovsky V. L.
Published: April 2019

The article presents the experience of organizing medical care for shift workers on the «Prirazlomnaya» platform. The characteristic of an oil field in the Pechora Sea is given. The stages of construction and commissioning of the «Prirazlomnaya» platform, its tactical and technical data and design features are described. Presented the work of ship doctors at the health center, their responsibilities for the medical care of the platform staff, features of medical evacuation of patients in extreme conditions of the Arctic.
MEDICAL SAILING DIRECTIONS OF NORTHERN SEA ROUTE
Authors: Budiev A. Yu. , Lupachev V. V. , Kubasov R. V. , Popov M. V. , Kubasova E. D
Published: April 2019

Arctic territory of Russia is a very important strategic and economic region. In accordance of State politic it’s importance to development and supporting of Arctic regions. The authors are aim for revealing of medical supporting amount in North Sea Route (NSR). From this aim it was set tasks: to estimate a structure of medical facilities in seaports of Arctic ocean: to identify a medical qualification about sea medicine in medical facilities; to check a syatistical documents about morbidity, traumatism and death between seamen; to estimate an Russian and international cooperation in Arctic sea medicine. In results were revealed as positive well as problems in medical supporting work. At Western sector of NSR in seaports located a wide multitype clinics that provided a full specialized medical aid. A medical aid in Eastern side may realize by general practitioners in local facilities or by force medical hospitals. They make only primary medical-sanitary aid. A specialized medical aid realized only with sanitary aviation resources by evacuation of patient throw hundreds kilometers to big clinics. Authors detected a lot problem that accordance a medical supporting. They specified for Eastern side of NSR: a great distance between settlements, old and destructed medical facilities, insufciency of medics (especially emergency specialists), it is necessary to interdepartmental coordination of Healthcare management and a medical documentation is not satisfy the International convention requirements. It was attempted to comprehend a problems for Public Healthcare about sailors and other professional groups that work in Polar territory.
REGULATIONS IN THE MARITIME MEDICINE USING EXAMPLES OF 19 COUNTRIES
Authors: Denisenko I. V.
Published: April 2019

In 2013, The IMO and ILO published the Guidelines on the medical examinations of seafarers. The ILO was responsible for the Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) and IMO for the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW). The purpose of the Guidelines was to develop a document reflecting the contents of both Conventions and which will be helpful for the flag State on their implementation. Prior to the beginning work on a ship, the seafarers must hold a valid medical certificate stated that they are medically fit to perform their duties at sea. However, what kind of medical specialist should conduct such examinations and issue medical certificates? Where to find such a specialists? Only some countries offer Marine Medicine as an independent discipline on medicine faculties or as a postgraduate course on three-five days’ courses preceded by Self training preparations by materials sent to a course participant by education institution. However special training is not required. Some marine administrations require special accreditations to enable regular pre-sea examinations of sailors in preference to general practitioners, specialists in occupational disease and, in some cases, to surgeons and anesthesiologists. In some countries, it is sufcient to receive accreditation from the embassy.
MARINE NAMES OF DOCTORS ON THE WORLD MAP
Authors: Nikitin E. A.
Published: April 2019

Most of the geographical expeditions in the XIX — early XX century,— were organized in Kronstadt — the sea capital of the Russian Empire. Many doctors of the Kronstadt Naval Hospital participated in circumnavigation and large marine expeditions on the ships of the Russian Fleet. They made a medical topographical description of more than 150 ports, coasts and other geographical locations in Europe, Asia, Africa, America, Oceania and Antarctica. Various geographical locations on the world map were named after surgeons. The names of surgeons have taken their place in history of the Russian Geographical Society and the Society of surgeons of Kronstadt. The traditions of the surgeons of previous generations are retained and enriched by the present surgeons. In 2018 the Society of surgeons of Kronstadt resumed at the Kronstadt Naval Hospital. The medical geographical description of ports, coasts, islands and other points of the vast seas and the World Ocean is one of the main and traditional lines of the Society’s work.
ISOMETRIAS E GEOGEBRA: O PAPEL DO ARRASTAR NA CONSTRUÇÃO DE CONCEITOS
Authors: Tais Dickel Marlei , Rodrigues Notare Márcia
Published: April 2019

Neste trabalho discute-se o potencial dos ambientes de geometria dinâmica para a construção de conceitos de isometrias. Debate-se o papel da ação de arrastar na manipulação de atividades dinâmicas sobre isometrias com a utilização do GeoGebra. De caráter qualitativo, neste estudo são analisadas atividades matemáticas resolvidas por alunos do 3º ano do Ensino Médio, da Rede Pública, com base na Teoria das Tecnologias Cognitivas e nas análises cognitivas do arrastar. Os resultados apontam para a compreensão inicial de conceitos que envolvem as isometrias, que surgem a partir da manipulação no software, em forma de arrastamento, conduzindo à construção de pensamentos matemáticos em conjunto com a tecnologia.
O GOVERNO DE DILMA ROUSSEFF E AS NEGOCIAÇÕES COMERCIAIS MULTILATERAIS: RETRAÇÃO SEM DESISTÊNCIA
Authors: Morosini Fábio Costa , Cornetet João Marcelo
Published: April 2019

Em outubro de 2012, fundamentando-se em decisão do Mercosul, o governo brasileiro aumentou a tarifa de importação de mais de cem produtos. Esse artigo apresenta evidências de que o atual governo mantém interesse nas negociações comerciais multilaterais, em oposição a interpretações de que a recente medida sinalizaria o abandono brasileiro da Rodada Doha da Organização Mundial do Comércio.
RESENHA: MUDANÇAS NA NATUREZA DA RELAÇÃO BRASIL ESTADOS UNIDOS DURANTE E APÓS A SEGUNDA GUERRA MUNDIAL
Authors: Souto Cintia Vieira
Published: April 2019

Resenha do livro: Mudanças na Natureza da Relações Brasil-Estados Unidos durante e após a Segunda Guerra Mundial
O Combate aos Cartéis como Parte de um Novo Paradigma no Direito Internacional
Authors: Rott de Campos Velho Rafael
Published: April 2019

Resumo: O escopo do presente estudo é abordar uma mudança paradigmática do Direito Internacional a partir da análise de um caso concreto. É fato que os Estados estão contando com um maior número de centros decisórios em sua estrutura administrativa, o que aumenta, consequentemente, o número de interlocutores na seara internacional. O presente trabalho empreende uma análise a partir do caso dos cartéis de vitaminas. O método de abordagem utilizado é o indutivo, partindo-se do estudo do referido caso, bem como da atuação International Competition Network (ICN), a fim de chegar a premissas teóricas, ao final, apresentadas. A pesquisa apontou que, no cenário contemporâneo, inobstante existam tratativas formais procurando a consecução de uma política concorrencial internacional, inclusive no âmbito da OMC, fato é que a cooperação direta entre autoridades antitrustes vem se demonstrando mais efetiva, tornando verdadeira a premissa de que a existência de redes de cooperação é uma realidade no mundo globalizado e interconectado. A importância do artigo revela-se a partir da atualidade do tema, considerando o cenário da globalização, bem como da aplicação de marcos teóricos, sustentados na policentralidade da administração pública e na fragmentação do Direito Internacional, ao Direito da Concorrência. Palavras-chave: Direito Internacional da Concorrência; Fragmentação do Direito Internacional; Cooperação Internacional; Cartéis das Vitaminas; International Competition Network. Abstract: The aim of this study is to analyze a new paradigm in international law, considering a specific case. It is a fact that states are relying on a greater number of decision-making centers in their administrative structure, increasing, thus, the number of governmental interlocutors in the internationals relations. This paper relies on an analysis of the vitamins cartels case. The research relies on the inductive method, starting from the study of the vitamins cartels, as well as the study of the International Competition Network (ICN), to achieve theoretical premises, presented in the paper’s end. The research showed that, in the contemporary world, even though there are formal negotiations seeking to achieve an international competition policy, including the WTO, the fact is that the direct cooperation between antitrust authorities has been demonstrating more effectiveness, making real the premise that cooperation networks are a reality in the globalized and interconnected world. The importance of this paper is showed by its actual theme, considering the globalization, as well as making an analysis of the international antitrust law, considering the public administration polycentricism and the fragmentation of international law. Keywords: International Antitrust Law; International Law Fragmentation; International Cooperation; Vitamins Cartel; International Competition Network.
A Teoria das Dimensões dos Direitos Fundamentais como Pressupostos à Consagração de Garantias Fundamentais: um Ensaio sobre o Acesso Efetivo à Justiça
Authors: Viana Paula Gigante
Published: April 2019

Resumo: O estudo objetiva a demonstração da teoria das dimensões dos direitos fundamentais como pressuposto à consagração de garantias fundamentais processuais. Para atingir tal intento foi utilizado o método da revisão bibliográfica, notadamente da doutrina constitucional, bem como do estudo de casos trazidos a debate por autores que analisam o processo sob a ótica da Constituição. A relevância do assunto deve-se ao momento atual da ciência jurídica em que a efetividade dos direitos fundamentais é um escopo concreto. Constatou-se a necessidade de tornar eficiente e efetiva a prestação jurisdicional no Estado constitucional e de reconhecer as garantias processuais como direitos fundamentais. Em tal contexto, a eficácia irradiante, a filtragem constitucional e a multifuncionalidade dos direitos fundamentais são abordados. E as balizas teóricas do neoconstitucionalismo e do neoprocessualismo ou formalismo-valorativo são analisadas como pano de fundo das noções desenvolvidas. Assim, a verificação da evolução dos direitos fundamentais processuais, mormente do direito de ação (tutela jurisdicional efetiva) e do devido processo legal (processo justo), a partir da aceitação da teoria das dimensões dos direitos fundamentais, conduz à conclusão de que se caminha na direção de um acesso cada vez mais efetivo à justiça. Palavras-chave: Normas Jusfundamentais; Direito à Proteção; Direito Processual; Conformação do Procedimento; Devido Processo Legal.  Abstract: The study aims at demonstrating the theory of dimensions of fundamental rights as an assumption to the recognition of fundamental procedural guarantees. In order to accomplish this intent the method of bibliographic review was used, notably the constitutional doctrine, as well as the study of cases brought into debate by authors who analyze the process under the eyes of the Constitution. The relevance of the subject is at the current moment of the juridical science in which the effectiveness of fundamental rights has turned into a concrete objective. It was verified the necessity to achieve an efficient and effective jurisdiction in the constitutional State and to recognize procedural guarantees as fundamental rights. In this context, the radiant effectiveness, the constitutional filtration and the multifunction of fundamental rights are approached. And the theoretical landmarks of neo-constitutionalism and neo-proceduralims are analyzed as a background for the notions developed. So the verification of the evolution of fundamental procedural rights, especially the right of action and the due process of law (fair trial), since the admission of the theory of dimensions of fundamental rights, conduce to the conclusion that heads toward the direction of a more effective judicial access. Key-words: Jus-Fundamental Norms; Right to Protection; Procedural Law; Procedure Adequacy; Due Process of Law.
Possibilities of use of remote sensing technology in survey process in the territory of Pils island in Jelgava
Authors: Celms Armands , Pukite Vivita , Reke Ilona , Luksa Jolanta
Published: April 2019

In the study, creation of 3D surface relief model in Jelgava, for southern part of the Castle Island is depicted. Information about remote sensing, its historical development, as well as directions of remote sensing, development of photogrammetry and laser scanning is summarized and analysed. Principles of work and methods of photogrammetry and laser scanning. Information about creation of surface relief model from planning of unmanned aircraft, data capture and alignment to the end product – surface relief model. Application of evaluation of data obtained. The purpose of the study – to create 3D surface relief model in Jelgava, for the southern part of the Castle Island. Tasks of the study – to consider development and improvement of photogrammetry and its processes, as well as development of laser scanning and principles of its work; to research, analyse and describe technological processes of laser scanning; to create 3D surface relief model in Jelgava, for the southern part of the Castle Island; to perform comparison of surface models obtained and describe application of laser scanning. Preparation of surface relief model is time-consuming process, which includes flight planning and preparation of end-product. End-products obtained in data processing of laser scanning have very broad usage in many sectors related to geodesy and construction.
Legitimation of "Special Value" as a Tool of Legal Protection of Land: the Case of Ukraine
Authors: Ievsiukov Taras
Published: April 2019

The main factors that influence the rational land use, conservation and protection of land resources are global ecological and food security, world's population growth, climate change, land acquisition by large world agricultural corporations etc. In this process a priority of attention is protection of the important agricultural lands (in Ukraine, these lands are called especially valuable lands - EVL). Besides, lands with highly productive soils, areas with undisturbed ecosystems, territories with objects of cultural heritage, natural therapeutic resources are a part of EVL. This paper focuses on new approaches to the legal protection of EVL in Ukraine. The special value of these lands in Ukraine is legalized and is means of their legal protection (Art. 150 of the Land Code of Ukraine).
The main idea of this paper – studying of problems of legal protection of EVL and development of new approaches to their protection. These approaches will be based on introduction of economic regulators at withdrawal of EVL or change their intended use for needs that don't correspond to nature protection value.
The research is based on case study method and statistical method. Approaches for cartographic modeling for assessment and mapping of EVL are offered. Results of this research are an obtaining of practical experience in the field of protection of EVL in Ukraine, development of suggestions for improving of an organizational and legal mechanism the use of EVL through their registration, monitoring, evaluation, development of their State Register. These measures can increase competitiveness of EVL, prevent Land-Grabbing and provide sustainable development of the rural territory.
Conceptual Issues of Modern Land Management of Belarus
Authors: Kolmykov Andrey
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this scientific research is to reveal the theoretical foundations of modern land management and determine its tasks. The patterns of land management, its tasks and principles are formulated in the conditions of modern agrarian reform. The system of interconnected forecasting and design of land management development is proposed. The methodological and theoretical basis of research is a dialectical method and a systematic approach to the cognition of economic phenomena and processes. According to this method, all objects are viewed not in isolation, but in a reciprocal relationship and in the process of constant development. In the course of the research, monographic, abstract-logical methods, a system approach, comparative analysis, and expert assessments were used. The scientific research is based on the development of domestic scientists, the experience of land management in the Republic of Belarus, land-cadastral data, normative and reference literature. As a result of the research, it was established that in the conditions of the agrarian reform carried out in the Republic of Belarus land management is an effective mechanism for implementing state policy in the field of land management, regulation of land relations, organization of use and protection of land. Modern land management, based on the state strategy of land reforms, should have a concept of its development based on the laws, which were set in the work, as well as successful solve these problems. For the successful solving of the problems, it is important to revive the previously existing system of forecast and project of land management development in an improved form.
Safety and effectiveness evaluation of the injection transplantation method of human pacemaker cardiomyocyte derived from induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Ponomarenko A. V , Chepeleva E. V , Pavlova S. V , Romanov A. B , Strelnikov A. G , Sergeevichev D. S , Pokushalov E. A
Published: April 2019

Arrhythmia is a pathological condition leading to a violation of the frequency, rhythm and sequence of the heart contraction. The cell therapy methods open a new possibility for this group of diseases treatment. This work was aimed to evaluate effectiveness and safeness of cardiomyocytes transplantation in the heart of laboratory animals. In the experiment, two groups of animals were examined: in the first group injection of cardiomyocytes contained in Matrigel was made into the wall of the left ventricle, saline injection was performed in the second group. To reduce the rejection reaction after xenogeneic cell culture transplantation prior to surgery and during the whole observation period, the animals were immunosuppressed by cyclosporin A and prednisolone combination. Electrocardiogram was recorded daily during the postoperative follow-up period to catch the ectopic events. After 5 days from cells transplantation animals were euthanized, the myocardium with transplanted material was taken for histological and immunohistochemical analysis. In the course of the work, it was shown that transplanted cardiomyocytes persist in the heart of experimental animals up to 5 days, but no electrophysiological activity was found. The obtained data indicate the need for additional experimental work with increased immunosuppression, increased time of the cells in the myocardium, an increase in the percentage of pacemaker cells in the used culture.
Regulation of hepatocyte proliferation after subtotal liver resection in rats
Authors: Elchaninov A. V , Makarov A. V , Vorobieva I. G , Kananykhina E. Y , Lokhonina A. V , Bolshakova G. B , Glinkina V. V , Goldshtein D. V , Fatkhudinov T. Kh
Published: April 2019

Hepatocyte proliferation is the main cellular mechanism of liver regeneration. However, after removal of more than 80 % of the liver mass, a temporary block of hepatocyte proliferation is observed, which may be the cause of impaired regeneration during transplantation and liver resection in the clinical practice. The current study aims to analyze the molecular mechanisms of hepatocyte proliferation impairment after subtotal liver resection in rats. In male Wistar rats, a model of liver regeneration after subtotal resection is reproduced - removal of more than 80 % of liver mass. Using the methods of immunohistochemistry, PCR-RT, western blot, possible molecular mechanisms of slowing down the proliferation of hepatocytes were studied. It was found that expression of cyclin D1 and E increased only 30 hours after surgery. Their appearance coincides with the beginning of transcription of genes for Cyclins D1 and E1 at 30 h after surgery. The corresponding increase in concentrations of cyclin D, and E proteins is further delayed till 48 h after surgery. These results indicate that, in this particular model, hepatocytes are reluctant to undergo transition between G0- and G1 -phases of cell cycle. We have observed a prolonged decrease in the expression of protooncogene C-met (the hepatocyte growth factor receptor-encoding gene Met). We have also observed an increase in expression of the transforming growth factor beta-1 receptor-encoding gene TgfbrII. At the same time, irreversible block of hepatocyte proliferation was prevented by expression of certain factors, notably of the TWEAK/ Fn14 signaling pathway: concentrations of the corresponding proteins in remnant livers have peaked from 24 h to 48 h after surgery. Thus, after subtotal liver resection, the remaining hepatocytes are exposed to a large scope of both mitogenic and antimitogenic factors. Proliferative behavior of hepatocytes in remnant livers is determined by fine balance of these factors. The prevalence of antimitogenic factors in the early period after surgery delays the onset of hepatocyte proliferation.
Model of optical biopacemaker based on integration of photosensitive cardiomyocytes into cardiac culture
Authors: Balashov V. A , Nizamieva A. A , Tsvelaya V. A , Agladze K. I
Published: April 2019

The methods of cardiac conduction system recovery with the use of reprogrammed cells and biomaterials, which could provide a stable physiological heart rate throughout the lifetime, are currently studied for possible applications in the heart rhythm disorder treatment. The main issue of intramyocardial transplantation is the transplanted cells' survival and electrophysiological connections formation with the recipient cardiomyocytes. In this paper, in search for working approaches for creating an optical biological pacemaker, we studied the effectiveness of various methods of photosensitive cardiac ChR2-HL-1 line cells integration into neonatal rat cardiac monolayers. For the study, two approaches of co-cultivation were selected: isolated cells and clusters integration of the Ch2-HL-1 line in various concentrations into monolayers. The effectiveness of the obtained model pacemaker was evaluated by the following means: registration of excitation waves initiated by optical stimulation, which affected only cells of the Ch2-HL-1 line, was carried out by optical mapping; immunocytochemical analysis methods were used to characterize the morphology of the obtained co-cultures and to assess the degree of the integration of the embedded structures into the monolayer. In the course of the research it was shown that the most effective method of integration of cells in the primary culture is the cluster method: 100 % of samples with clusters, integrated after 6 hours of monolayer cultivation, showed stable generation of excitation waves at physiologically significant external stimulation frequencies, compared with 88 % for specimens with integrated isolated cells at frequencies lower than physiological. Moreover, the samples with the cluster integration method turned out to be much more resistant (100 % in the cluster method and 25 % in the infusion of isolated cells] to sodium channel inhibitor, lidocaine. The efficiency of integration depends on the conditions of cell growth, which is discussed in more detail in the results of the study. The obtained results are applicable in the development of a biological pacemaker.
Long QT syndrome: genetic analysis of patients
Authors: Dementyeva E. V , Medvedev S. P , Elisaphenko E. A , Bayramova S. A , Pokushalov E. A , Agladze K. I , Zakian S. M
Published: April 2019

Genetic analysis plays an important role in diagnostics of cardiovascular diseases. One of the diseases is long QT syndrome that results in an increased risk of ventricular tachycardia and sudden cardiac death. The syndrome may be caused by mutations in genes responsible for cardiomyocyte ionic channel functioning. The aim of this study is to examine genetics of long QT syndrome. Genetic analysis of 16 patients with long QT syndrome or suspicion of the syndrome was carried out. Long QT syndrome causing mutations, p.Ala178Pro, p.Val254Met, p.Gly325Arg in KCNQ1 and p.Thr613Met in KCNH2, and a long QT syndrome-associated polymorphism, p.Asp85Asn in KCNE1, were found in five patients. Family analysis of p.Ala178Pro and p.Val254Met mutations in KCNQ1 revealed the mutations carriers that had not demonstrated any syndrome manifestations before. In addition, a mutation, p.Gly604Ala in KCNH2, was found. The mutation has not been previously described and its role in long QT syndrome needs to be clarified.
Modernization of Islamic Education in South Kalimantan (Socio-historical Perspective of Normal Islam Amuntai)
Authors: Malisi M. Ali Sibram
Published: April 2019

Islamic educational institutions not only survived, but also began in earnest to make certain adjustment by adopting certain aspects of European education. This can be seen in the rise of madrasah that introduced classical system and curriculum for instance. This in turn affected ‘traditional’ Islamic educational institutions such as pondok or pesantren to also modernize themselvesNormal Islam Amuntai as further developments of Arabische School (1938). This school use modern system but in understand strong hold on the mazhab. Normal Islam became the source of the birth of the madrasahs in Amuntai incorporated in Ittihad Ma'ahid al-Islamiyah (IMI). In addition to achievements in the field of the development of Islamic educational institution, the institution was also the locus of occurrence of social mobility in South Kalimantan Amuntai, among others, marked by the participation of alumni in the Affairs of its administrator and civic and political situation both local and national.