bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Lightning Activity in Deciphering Atmospheric Gravity Waves (AGWs) Induced D‐Region Ionospheric Perturbations During Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm (ESCS) Fani
Authors: Patil Omkar M. , Moharana Sidha S. , Maurya Ajeet K. , Parihar Navin , Singh Rajesh , Dimri A. P.
Published: April 2024

The study presents detailed meteorological characteristics of extremely severe cyclonic storm (ESCS) Fani, and subsequent Atmospheric Gravity Waves (AGWs) induced D‐region ionospheric perturbations and the role of lightning activity in it. The cyclone shaped as a weak disturbance over the north Indian Ocean (2.7°N, 89.7°E) on 25 April 2019. The disturbance intensified and evolved into ESCS Fani over Bay of Bengal (BoB) on 30 April, had landfall on 03 May, and dissipated after 04 May 2019. What makes Fani unique is its long life span of ∼10 days, and only ESCS to occur after ∼30 years over the BoB. Fani attained a minimum cloud top temperature of about −80°C, and a corresponding maximum cloud top altitude of about ∼17 km. Such meteorological conditions presented a strong convection process in the towering cumulonimbus in inner and outer rain bands, resulting in intense lightning activity. The peak lightning flash rate observed was ∼375 min−1. SABER observations confirmed the coupling of atmosphere with ionosphere with strong AGWs in middle atmosphere during Fani. NWC (19.8 kHz) Very Low Frequency signal intersecting the track of Fani is used to decipher D‐region ionospheric perturbations induced by AGWs from Fani. The results show the presence of increased AGW activity in D‐region during the cyclone period when compared to that of the pre‐ and post‐cyclone periods. The periods of the observed gravity waves are between ∼13 and 20 min, highlighting the important role of lightning activity and AGWs in atmosphere‐ionosphere coupling.
Source Parameters of Laboratory Acoustic Emission Events Estimated From the Coda of Waveforms
Authors: Kartseva Tatiana I. , Shapiro Nikolai M. , Patonin Andrey V. , Shikhova Natalia M. , Smirnov Vladimir B. , Ponomarev Alexander V.
Published: April 2024

We develop a method to estimate relative seismic moments M0 and corner frequencies fc of acoustic emission events recorded in laboratory experiments from amplitude spectra of signal's coda composed of reverberated and scattered waves. This approach has several advantages with respect to estimations from direct waves that are often clipped and also are difficult to separate in experiments performed on small samples. Also, inversion of the coda spectra does not require information about the source locations and mechanisms. We use the developed method to analyze the data of two experiments: (a) on granite from the Voronezh crystal massif and (b) on Berea sandstone. The range of absolute corner frequencies estimated in both experiments is around 70 − −700 kHz. The range of relative seismic moments covers 103.5. The relation between fc and M0 observed on the first stages of both experiments, consisted of increasing isotropic confining pressure, approximately follow scaling and the b‐value of the Gutenberg‐Richter distribution was found close to 1. This can be interpreted as rupturing of preexisting material defects with a nearly constant stress‐drop and has a similarity with observations of “natural” earthquakes. Deviations from this “earthquake‐like” behavior observed after applying axial loading and initiation of sample damaging can be interpreted as changes in stress‐drop. Lower stress‐drops prevail for sandstone and higher for granite sample respectively that can be related to the strength of corresponding material.
Thickness of the Seasonal Deposits at the Martian North Polar Region From Shadow Variations of Fallen Ice Blocks
Authors: Xiao Haifeng , Xiao Yuchi , Su Shu , Schmidt Frédéric , Lara Luisa M. , Gutierrez Pedro J.
Published: April 2024

The seasonal deposition and sublimation of CO2 constitute a major element in the Martian volatile cycle. Here, we propose to use the shadow variations of the ice blocks at the foot of the steep scarps of the North Polar Layered Deposits (NPLD) to infer the vertical evolution of the seasonal deposits. We conduct an experiment at a steep scarp centered at (85.0°N, 151.5°E). We assume that no snowfall remains on top of the selected ice blocks, the frost ice layer is homogeneous around the ice blocks and their surroundings, and no significant moating is present. We show that the average thickness of the seasonal deposits due to snowfalls in Mars Year 31 is 0.97 ± 0.13 m at Ls = 350.7° in late winter. The large depth measured makes us wonder if snowfalls are more frequent and violent than previously thought. Meanwhile, we show that the average frost thickness in Mars Year 31 reaches 0.64 ± 0.18 m at Ls = 350.7° in late winter. Combined, the total thickness of the seasonal cover in Mars Year 31 reaches 1.63 ± 0.22 m at Ls = 350.7° in late winter, continuously decreases to 0.45 ± 0.06 m at Ls = 42.8° in middle spring and 0.06 ± 0.05 m at Ls = 69.6° in late spring. These estimates are up to 0.8 m lower than the existing Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter results during the spring. Meanwhile, we observe that snow in the very early spring of Mars Year 36 can be 0.36 ± 0.13 m thicker than that in Mars Year 31. This study demonstrates the dynamics of the Martian climate and emphasizes the importance of its long‐term monitoring.
Spatial, Seasonal, and Diel Controls of Nitrogen‐Carbon‐Oxygen Cycling During Lake‐Water Infiltration to an Aquifer
Authors: Smith Richard L. , Repert Deborah A. , Underwood Jennifer C. , Böhlke J. K. , LeBlanc Denis R. , Hull Robert B. , Kent Douglas B. , Reed Ariel P. , Mroczkowski Stanley J.
Published: April 2024

Many freshwater lakes are groundwater flow‐through systems. Although lakes commonly are considered to be sinks for nitrogen inputs, relatively little is known about carbon and nitrogen export from lakes to groundwater. The current study focused on lake‐bottom biogeochemical processes accompanying the transport of nitrogen, dissolved oxygen (O2), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during lake‐water recharge from a groundwater flow‐through lake. Lake‐water and porewater (15–100 cm below lakebed) samples were collected along transects within the lake downwelling zone. Infiltrating porewater O2and DOC concentrations decreased with depth while nitrate (NO3−) concentrations increased, indicating nitrification of organic matter within the profiles. The depth of NO3−production and transport was seasonally dependent. In winter, NO3−and O2were exported beyond 100‐cm depth; whereas in summer, shallow nitrification zones were underlain by deeper NO3−reduction zones, and diel patterns of O2and NO3−penetration depths were observed. Microbial community compositions and stable isotope profiles (δ15N[NO3−], δ18O[NO3−], δ18O[O2]) were consistent with apparent C–N–O reaction stoichiometries indicating O2reduction and nitrification in shallower porewater, followed by varying NO3−reduction at depth. Maximum porewater NO3−concentrations (∼10–20 μM) were limited by infiltrating O2concentrations and C/N ratios of reacting organic matter. Lake‐water level variations caused changes in shoreline position and porewater velocities, while variations in lake‐water temperature, DOC, and O2contributed to changes in reaction rates and depth of O2and NO3−penetration into the lakebed. The quality of groundwater recharged by lake water reflected temporally and spatially varying physical and biogeochemical processes in the sediment porewater.
Toward More Accurate Modeling of Canopy Radiative Transfer and Leaf Electron Transport in Land Surface Modeling
Authors: Wang Yujie , Frankenberg Christian
Published: April 2024

Modeling leaf photosynthesis is essential for quantifying the carbon, water, and energy fluxes of the terrestrial biosphere. However, due to the lack of simultaneous measurements of leaf light absorption and gas exchange, canopy radiative transfer (RT) and photosynthesis modeling often rely on simplified assumptions about light absorption and electron transport. These assumptions ignore variations in leaf biophysical traits and environmental conditions. In this study, we utilized a next‐generation land surface model (LSM)—CliMA Land, which incorporates hyperspectral canopy RT and provides a more accurate representation of trait variations. We evaluated the potential bias in electron transport estimates introduced by the broadband RT schemes used in traditional LSMs. Additionally, we explored the impact of different leaf electron transport parameterization schemes on global‐scale photosynthesis and fluorescence modeling. We showed that (a) traditional LSMs that disregard the impacts of leaf temperature and leaf traits on electron transport tend to overestimate electron transport rates. (b) Photosynthesis and fluorescence within a grid can exhibit biases exceeding 20%, with these biases demonstrating contrasting seasonality. (c) Global estimates of integrated photosynthesis and fluorescence differ by 8.1% and 8.8%, respectively. These results underscore the importance of adopting more sophisticated and accurate modeling schemes, such as hyperspectral canopy RT, in future LSMs and Earth system modeling to enhance the reliability of modeling outcomes.
The Loss of Starlink Satellites in February 2022: How Moderate Geomagnetic Storms Can Adversely Affect Assets in Low‐Earth Orbit
Authors: Baruah Yoshita , Roy Souvik , Sinha Suvadip , Palmerio Erika , Pal Sanchita , Oliveira Denny M. , Nandy Dibyendu
Published: April 2024

On 3 February 2022, SpaceX launched 49 Starlink satellites, 38 of which unexpectedly de‐orbited. Although this event was attributed to space weather, definitive causality remained elusive because space weather conditions were not extreme. In this study, we identify solar sources of the interplanetary coronal mass ejections that were responsible for the geomagnetic storms around the time of launch of the Starlink satellites and for the first time, investigate their impact on Earth's magnetosphere using magnetohydrodynamic modeling. The model results demonstrate that the satellites were launched into an already disturbed space environment that persisted over several days. However, on performing comparative satellite orbital decay analyses, we find that space weather alone was not responsible but conspired together with a low‐altitude insertion and low satellite mass‐to‐area ratio to precipitate this unusual loss. Our work bridges space weather causality across the Sun–Earth system—with relevance for space‐based human technologies.
Switching Between Whistler‐Mode Waves on Inhomogeneities of the Plasma Density and Magnetic Field
Authors: Nejad Salman A. , Streltsov Anatoly V.
Published: April 2024

We present results from the investigation of a transition between two whistler‐mode waves with the same frequency and the parallel wavelength but different perpendicular wavenumbers in the inhomogeneous media consisting of the plasma density and the background magnetic field. We consider transverse inhomogeneities of these quantities. We demonstrate that there are critical values of the plasma density and the magnetic field (which depend on the wave frequency and the parallel wavelength) and the switching between two whistler‐mode waves occurs in the vicinity of these values. We analyze this problem assuming that these critical values are reached inside the finite‐size transition layer between two regions where all the background quantities are homogeneous. We found analytical criteria for the mode switching and we confirmed our results with time‐dependent simulations of the electron‐MHD equations describing whistler‐mode waves in the magnetospheric plasma. We also investigate numerically the dependency of various parameters of the wave switching on the size of the transition region containing critical values of the plasma density and the magnetic field.
The selective D3Receptor antagonist VK4-116 reverses loss of insight caused by self-administration of cocaine in rats
Authors: Panayi Marios C. , Shetty Shohan , Porod Micaela , Bahena Lisette , Xi Zheng-Xiong , Newman Amy Hauck , Schoenbaum Geoffrey
Published: April 2024

Chronic psychostimulant use causes long-lasting changes to neural and cognitive function that persist after long periods of abstinence. As cocaine users transition from drug use to abstinence, a parallel transition from hyperactivity to hypoactivity has been found in orbitofrontal-striatal glucose metabolism and striatal D2/D3-receptor activity. Targeting these changes pharmacologically, using highly selective dopamine D3-receptor (D3R) antagonists and partial agonists, has shown promise in reducing drug-taking, and attenuating relapse in animal models of cocaine and opioid use disorder. However, much less attention has been paid to treating the loss of insight, operationalized as the inability to infer likely outcomes, associated with chronic psychostimulant use. Here we tested the selective D3R antagonist VK4-116 as a treatment for this loss in rats with a prior history of cocaine use. Male and female rats were first trained to self-administer cocaine or a sucrose liquid for 2 weeks. After 4 weeks of abstinence, performance was assessed using a sensory preconditioning (SPC) learning paradigm. Rats were given VK4-116 (15 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle 30 min prior to each SPC training session, thus creating four drug-treatment groups: sucrose-vehicle, sucrose-VK4-116, cocaine-vehicle, cocaine-VK4-116. The control groups (sucrose-vehicle, sucrose-VK4-116) showed normal sensory preconditioning, whereas cocaine use (cocaine-vehicle) selectively disrupted responding to the preconditioned cue, an effect that was reversed in the cocaine-VK4-116 group, which demonstrating responding to the preconditioned cue at levels comparable to controls. These preclinical findings demonstrate that highly selective dopamine D3R antagonists, particularly VK4-116, can reverse the long-term negative behavioral consequences of cocaine use.
The prognostic value of MEK pathway–associated estrogen receptor signaling activity for female cancers
Authors: Ng Chun Wai , Tsang Yvonne T. M. , Gershenson David M. , Wong Kwong-Kwok
Published: April 2024

Background

Other than for breast cancer, endocrine therapy has not been highly effective for gynecologic cancers. Endocrine therapy resistance in estrogen receptor positive gynecologic cancers is still poorly understood. In this retrospective study, we examined the estrogen receptor (ER) signaling pathway activities of breast, ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancers to identify those that may predict endocrine therapy responsiveness.

Methods

Clinical and genomic data of women with breast and gynecological cancers were downloaded from cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics. Estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) expression level and sample-level pathway enrichment scores (EERES) were calculated to classify patients into four groups (low/high ESR1 and low/high EERES). Correlation between ESR1/EERES score and survival was further validated with RNAseq data from low-grade serous ovarian cancer. Pathway analyses were performed among different ESR1/EERES groups to identify genes that correlate with endocrine resistance, which are validated using Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia gene expression and Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer data.

Results

We identified a novel combined prognostic value of ESR1 expression and the corresponding estrogen response signaling (EERES score) for breast cancer. The combined prognostic value (ESR1/EERES) may be applicable to other gynecologic cancers. More importantly, we discovered that ER signaling can cross-regulate MEK pathway activation. We identified downstream genes in the MEK pathway (EPHA2, INAVA, MALL, MPZL2, PCDH1, and TNFRSF21) that are potential endocrine therapy response biomarkers.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that targeting both the ER and the ER signaling activity related MEK pathway may aid the development of endocrine therapy strategies for personalized medicine.
A novel inhibitory BAK antibody enables assessment of non-activated BAK in cancer cells
Authors: Subas Satish Hema Preethi , Iyer Sweta , Shi Melissa X. , Wong Agnes W. , Fischer Karla C. , Wardak Ahmad Z. , Lio Daisy , Brouwer Jason M. , Uren Rachel T. , Czabotar Peter E. , Miller Michelle S. , Kluck Ruth M.
Published: April 2024

BAX and BAK are pro-apoptotic members of the BCL2 family that are required to permeabilize the mitochondrial outer membrane. The proteins can adopt a non-activated monomeric conformation, or an activated conformation in which the exposed BH3 domain facilitates binding either to a prosurvival protein or to another activated BAK or BAX protein to promote pore formation. Certain cancer cells are proposed to have high levels of activated BAK sequestered by MCL1 or BCLXL, thus priming these cells to undergo apoptosis in response to BH3 mimetic compounds that target MCL1 or BCLXL. Here we report the first antibody, 14G6, that is specific for the non-activated BAK conformer. A crystal structure of 14G6 Fab bound to BAK revealed a binding site encompassing both the α1 helix and α5-α6 hinge regions of BAK, two sites involved in the unfolding of BAK during its activation. In mitochondrial experiments, 14G6 inhibited BAK unfolding triggered by three diverse BAK activators, supporting crucial roles for both α1 dissociation and separation of the core (α2-α5) and latch (α6-α9) regions in BAK activation. 14G6 bound the majority of BAK in several leukaemia cell lines, and binding decreased following treatment with BH3 mimetics, indicating only minor levels of constitutively activated BAK in those cells. In summary, 14G6 provides a new means of assessing BAK status in response to anti-cancer treatments.
Inhibition of acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP) by means of a GABAARγ2-derived peptide
Authors: Anagnostopoulos Gerasimos , Saavedra Ester , Lambertucci Flavia , Motiño Omar , Dimitrov Jordan , Roiz-Valle David , Quesada Victor , Alvarez-Valadez Karla , Chen Hui , Sauvat Allan , Rong Yan , Nogueira-Recalde Uxía , Li Sijing , Montégut Léa , Djavaheri-Mergny Mojgan , Castedo Maria , Lopez-Otin Carlos , Maiuri Maria Chiara , Martins Isabelle , Kroemer Guido
Published: April 2024

Acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP) encoded by diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) is an extracellular inhibitor of autophagy acting on the gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor (GABAAR) γ2 subunit (GABAARγ2). Here, we show that lipoanabolic diets cause an upregulation of GABAARγ2 protein in liver hepatocytes but not in other major organs. ACBP/DBI inhibition by systemically injected antibodies has been demonstrated to mediate anorexigenic and organ-protective, autophagy-dependent effects. Here, we set out to develop a new strategy for developing ACBP/DBI antagonists. For this, we built a molecular model of the interaction of ACBP/DBI with peptides derived from GABAARγ2. We then validated the interaction between recombinant and native ACBP/DBI protein and a GABAARγ2-derived eicosapeptide (but not its F77I mutant) by pull down experiments or surface plasmon resonance. The GABAARγ2-derived eicosapeptide inhibited the metabolic activation of hepatocytes by recombinant ACBP/DBI protein in vitro. Moreover, the GABAARγ2-derived eicosapeptide (but not its F77I-mutated control) blocked appetite stimulation by recombinant ACBP/DBI in vivo, induced autophagy in the liver, and protected mice against the hepatotoxin concanavalin A. We conclude that peptidomimetics disrupting the interaction between ACBP/DBI and GABAARγ2 might be used as ACBP/DBI antagonists. This strategy might lead to the future development of clinically relevant small molecules of the ACBP/DBI system.
Paternal dietary macronutrient balance and energy intake drive metabolic and behavioral differences among offspring
Authors: Crean Angela Jane , Senior Alistair McNair , Freire Therese , Clark Thomas Daniel , Mackay Flora , Austin Gracie , Pulpitel Tamara Jayne , Nobrega Marcelo Aguiar , Barrès Romain , Simpson Stephen James
Published: April 2024

Paternal diet can influence the phenotype of the next generation, yet, the dietary components inducing specific responses in the offspring are not identified. Here, we use the Nutritional Geometry Framework to determine the effects of pre-conception paternal dietary macronutrient balance on offspring metabolic and behavioral traits in mice. Ten isocaloric diets varying in the relative proportion of protein, fats, and carbohydrates are fed to male mice prior to mating. Dams and offspring are fed standard chow and never exposed to treatment diets. Body fat in female offspring is positively associated with the paternal consumption of fat, while in male offspring, an anxiety-like phenotype is associated to paternal diets low in protein and high in carbohydrates. Our study uncovers that the nature and the magnitude of paternal effects are driven by interactions between macronutrient balance and energy intake and are not solely the result of over- or undernutrition.
Tumor-activated in situ synthesis of single-atom catalysts for O2-independent photodynamic therapy based on water-splitting
Authors: Yin Yiyan , Ge Xiyang , Ouyang Jin , Na Na
Published: April 2024

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted interest in photodynamic therapy (PDT), while they are normally limited by the side effects on normal tissues and the interference from the Tumor Microenvironment (TME). Here we show a TME-activated in situ synthesis of SACs for efficient tumor-specific water-based PDT. Upon reduction by upregulated GSH in TME, C3N4-Mn SACs are obtained in TME with Mn atomically coordinated into the cavity of C3N4 nanosheets. This in situ synthesis overcomes toxicity from random distribution and catalyst release in healthy tissues. Based on the Ligand-to-Metal charge transfer (LMCT) process, C3N4-Mn SACs exhibit enhanced absorption in the red-light region. Thereby, a water-splitting process is induced by C3N4-Mn SACs under 660 nm irradiation, which initiates the O2-independent generation of highly toxic hydroxyl radical (·OH) for cancer-specific PDT. Subsequently, the ·OH-initiated lipid peroxidation process is demonstrated to devote effective cancer cell death. The in situ synthesized SACs facilitate the precise cancer-specific conversion of inert H2O to reactive ·OH, which facilitates efficient cancer therapy in female mice. This strategy achieves efficient and precise cancer therapy, not only avoiding the side effects on normal tissues but also overcoming tumor hypoxia.
Phage-specific immunity impairs efficacy of bacteriophage targeting Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus in a murine model
Authors: Berkson Julia D. , Wate Claire E. , Allen Garrison B. , Schubert Alyxandria M. , Dunbar Kristin E. , Coryell Michael P. , Sava Rosa L. , Gao Yamei , Hastie Jessica L. , Smith Emily M. , Kenneally Charlotte R. , Zimmermann Sally K. , Carlson Paul E.
Published: April 2024

Bacteriophage therapy is a promising approach to address antimicrobial infections though questions remain regarding the impact of the immune response on clinical effectiveness. Here, we develop a mouse model to assess phage treatment using a cocktail of five phages from the Myoviridae and Siphoviridae families that target Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus gut colonization. Phage treatment significantly reduces fecal bacterial loads of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus. We also characterize immune responses elicited following administration of the phage cocktail. While minimal innate responses are observed after phage administration, two rounds of treatment induces phage-specific neutralizing antibodies and accelerate phage clearance from tissues. Interestingly, the myophages in our cocktail induce a more robust neutralizing antibody response than the siphophages. This anti-phage immunity reduces the effectiveness of the phage cocktail in our murine model. Collectively, this study shows phage-specific immune responses may be an important consideration in the development of phage cocktails for therapeutic use.
The secreted protein Amuc_1409 from Akkermansia muciniphila improves gut health through intestinal stem cell regulation
Authors: Kang Eun-Jung , Kim Jae-Hoon , Kim Young Eun , Lee Hana , Jung Kwang Bo , Chang Dong-Ho , Lee Youngjin , Park Shinhye , Lee Eun-Young , Lee Eun-Ji , Kang Ho Bum , Rhyoo Moon-Young , Seo Seungwoo , Park Sohee , Huh Yubin , Go Jun , Choi Jung Hyeon , Choi Young-Keun , Lee In-Bok , Choi Dong-Hee , Seo Yun Jeong , Noh Jung-Ran , Kim Kyoung-Shim , Hwang Jung Hwan , Jeong Ji-Seon , Kwon Ha-Jeong , Yoo Hee Min , Son Mi-Young , Kim Yeon-Gu , Lee Dae-Hee , Kim Tae-Young , Kwon Hyo-Jung , Kim Myung Hee , Kim Byoung-Chan , Kim Yong-Hoon , Kang Dukjin , Lee Chul-Ho
Published: April 2024

Akkermansia muciniphila has received great attention because of its beneficial roles in gut health by regulating gut immunity, promoting intestinal epithelial development, and improving barrier integrity. However, A. muciniphila-derived functional molecules regulating gut health are not well understood. Microbiome-secreted proteins act as key arbitrators of host-microbiome crosstalk through interactions with host cells in the gut and are important for understanding host-microbiome relationships. Herein, we report the biological function of Amuc_1409, a previously uncharacterised A. muciniphila-secreted protein. Amuc_1409 increased intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation and regeneration in ex vivo intestinal organoids and in vivo models of radiation- or chemotherapeutic drug-induced intestinal injury and natural aging with male mice. Mechanistically, Amuc_1409 promoted E-cadherin/β-catenin complex dissociation via interaction with E-cadherin, resulting in the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our results demonstrate that Amuc_1409 plays a crucial role in intestinal homeostasis by regulating ISC activity in an E-cadherin-dependent manner and is a promising biomolecule for improving and maintaining gut health.
Systematic HOIP interactome profiling reveals critical roles of linear ubiquitination in tissue homeostasis
Authors: Fu Yesheng , Li Lei , Zhang Xin , Deng Zhikang , Wu Ying , Chen Wenzhe , Liu Yuchen , He Shan , Wang Jian , Xie Yuping , Tu Zhiwei , Lyu Yadi , Wei Yange , Wang Shujie , Cui Chun-Ping , Liu Cui Hua , Zhang Lingqiang
Published: April 2024

Linear ubiquitination catalyzed by HOIL-1-interacting protein (HOIP), the key component of the linear ubiquitination assembly complex, plays fundamental roles in tissue homeostasis by executing domain-specific regulatory functions. However, a proteome-wide analysis of the domain-specific interactome of HOIP across tissues is lacking. Here, we present a comprehensive mass spectrometry-based interactome profiling of four HOIP domains in nine mouse tissues. The interaction dataset provides a high-quality HOIP interactome resource with an average of approximately 90 interactors for each bait per tissue. HOIP tissue interactome presents a systematic understanding of linear ubiquitination functions in each tissue and also shows associations of tissue functions to genetic diseases. HOIP domain interactome characterizes a set of previously undefined linear ubiquitinated substrates and elucidates the cross-talk among HOIP domains in physiological and pathological processes. Moreover, we show that linear ubiquitination of Integrin-linked protein kinase (ILK) decreases focal adhesion formation and promotes the detachment of Shigella flexneri-infected cells. Meanwhile, Hoip deficiency decreases the linear ubiquitination of Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 (SMURF1) and enhances its E3 activity, finally causing a reduced bone mass phenotype in mice. Overall, our work expands the knowledge of HOIP-interacting proteins and provides a platform for further discovery of linear ubiquitination functions in tissue homeostasis.
Gadd45g insufficiency drives the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Zhang Peiwen , You Na , Ding Yiyi , Zhu Wenqi , Wang Nan , Xie Yueqiao , Huang Wanling , Ren Qian , Qin Tiejun , Fu Rongfeng , Zhang Lei , Xiao Zhijian , Cheng Tao , Ma Xiaotong
Published: April 2024

Despite the identification of driver mutations leading to the initiation of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), the molecular pathogenesis of MPNs remains incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that growth arrest and DNA damage inducible gamma (GADD45g) is expressed at significantly lower levels in patients with MPNs, and JAK2V617F mutation and histone deacetylation contribute to its reduced expression. Downregulation of GADD45g plays a tumor-promoting role in human MPN cells. Gadd45g insufficiency in the murine hematopoietic system alone leads to significantly enhanced growth and self-renewal capacity of myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells, and the development of phenotypes resembling MPNs. Mechanistically, the pathogenic role of GADD45g insufficiency is mediated through a cascade of activations of RAC2, PAK1 and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways. These data characterize GADD45g deficiency as a novel pathogenic factor in MPNs.
Modified t-butyl in tetradentate platinum (II) complexes enables exceptional lifetime for blue-phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Jung Young Hun , Lee Gyeong Seok , Muruganantham Subramanian , Kim Hye Rin , Oh Jun Hyeog , Ham Jung Ho , Yadav Sagar B. , Lee Ji Hyun , Chae Mi Young , Kim Yun-Hi , Kwon Jang Hyuk
Published: April 2024

In blue phosphorescent dopants, the tetradentate platinum(II) complex is a promising material showing high efficiency and stability in devices. However, metal-metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MMLCT) formation leads to low photo-luminescence quantum yields (PLQYs), wide spectra, and intermolecular interaction. To suppress MMLCT, PtON-tb-TTB and PtON-tb-DTB are designed using theoretical simulation by modifying t-butyl in PtON-TBBI. Both materials effectively suppress MMLCT and exhibit high PLQYs of 99% and 78% in 5 wt% doped film, respectively. The PtON-tb-TTB and PtON-tb-DTB devices have maximum external quantum efficiencies of 26.3% and 20.9%, respectively. Additionally, the PtON-tb-DTB device has an extended lifetime of 169.3 h with an initial luminescence of 1200 nit, which is 8.5 times greater than the PtON-TBBI device. Extended lifetime because of suppressed MMLCT and smaller displacement between the lowest triplet and triplet metal-centered states compared to other dopants. The study provides an effective approach to designing platinum(II) complexes for long device lifetimes.
Differentiation granules, a dynamic regulator of T. brucei development
Authors: Cayla Mathieu , Spanos Christos , McWilliam Kirsty , Waskett Eliza , Rappsilber Juri , Matthews Keith R.
Published: April 2024

Adaptation to a change of environment is an essential process for survival, in particular for parasitic organisms exposed to a wide range of hosts. Such adaptations include rapid control of gene expression through the formation of membraneless organelles composed of poly-A RNA and proteins. The African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei is exquisitely sensitive to well-defined environmental stimuli that trigger cellular adaptations through differentiation events that characterise its complex life cycle. The parasite has been shown to form stress granules in vitro, and it has been proposed that such a stress response could have been repurposed to enable differentiation and facilitate parasite transmission. Therefore, we explored the composition and positional dynamics of membraneless granules formed in response to starvation stress and during differentiation in the mammalian host between the replicative slender and transmission-adapted stumpy forms. We find that T. brucei differentiation does not reflect the default response to environmental stress. Instead, the developmental response of the parasites involves a specific and programmed hierarchy of membraneless granule assembly, with distinct components and regulation by protein kinases such as TbDYRK, that are required for the parasite to successfully progress through its life cycle development and prepare for transmission.
Overcoming low initial coulombic efficiencies of Si anodes through prelithiation in all-solid-state batteries
Authors: Ham So-Yeon , Sebti Elias , Cronk Ashley , Pennebaker Tyler , Deysher Grayson , Chen Yu-Ting , Oh Jin An Sam , Lee Jeong Beom , Song Min Sang , Ridley Phillip , Tan Darren H. S. , Clément Raphaële J. , Jang Jihyun , Meng Ying Shirley
Published: April 2024

All-solid-state batteries using Si as the anode have shown promising performance without continual solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) growth. However, the first cycle irreversible capacity loss yields low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of Si, limiting the energy density. To address this, we adopt a prelithiation strategy to increase ICE and conductivity of all-solid-state Si cells. A significant increase in ICE is observed for Li1Si anode paired with a lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) cathode. Additionally, a comparison with lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NCM) reveals that performance improvements with Si prelithiation is only applicable for full cells dominated by high anode irreversibility. With this prelithiation strategy, 15% improvement in capacity retention is achieved after 1000 cycles compared to a pure Si. With Li1Si, a high areal capacity of up to 10 mAh cm–2 is attained using a dry-processed LCO cathode film, suggesting that the prelithiation method may be suitable for high-loading next-generation all-solid-state batteries.
Rewiring of a KNOXI regulatory network mediated by UFO underlies the compound leaf development in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Lu Zhichao , Zhang Juanjuan , Wang Hongfeng , Zhang Ke , Gu Zhiqun , Xu Yiteng , Zhang Jing , Wang Min , Han Lu , Xiang Fengning , Zhou Chuanen
Published: April 2024

Class I KNOTTED-like homeobox (KNOXI) genes are parts of the regulatory network that control the evolutionary diversification of leaf morphology. Their specific spatiotemporal expression patterns in developing leaves correlate with the degrees of leaf complexity between simple-leafed and compound-leafed species. However, KNOXI genes are not involved in compound leaf formation in several legume species. Here, we identify a pathway for dual repression of MtKNOXI function in Medicago truncatula. PINNATE-LIKE PENTAFOLIATA1 (PINNA1) represses the expression of MtKNOXI, while PINNA1 interacts with MtKNOXI and sequesters it to the cytoplasm. Further investigations reveal that UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS (MtUFO) is the direct target of MtKNOXI, and mediates the transition from trifoliate to pinnate-like pentafoliate leaves. These data suggest a new layer of regulation for morphological diversity in compound-leafed species, in which the conserved regulators of floral development, MtUFO, and leaf development, MtKNOXI, are involved in variation of pinnate-like compound leaves in M. truncatula.
Artificial kagome lattices of Shockley surface states patterned by halogen hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks
Authors: Yin Ruoting , Zhu Xiang , Fu Qiang , Hu Tianyi , Wan Lingyun , Wu Yingying , Liang Yifan , Wang Zhengya , Qiu Zhen-Lin , Tan Yuan-Zhi , Ma Chuanxu , Tan Shijing , Hu Wei , Li Bin , Wang Z. F. , Yang Jinlong , Wang Bing
Published: April 2024

Artificial electronic kagome lattices may emerge from electronic potential landscapes using customized structures with exotic supersymmetries, benefiting from the confinement of Shockley surface-state electrons on coinage metals, which offers a flexible approach to realizing intriguing quantum phases of matter that are highly desired but scarce in available kagome materials. Here, we devise a general strategy to construct varieties of electronic kagome lattices by utilizing the on-surface synthesis of halogen hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (XHOFs). As a proof of concept, we demonstrate three XHOFs on Ag(111) and Au(111) surfaces, which correspondingly deliver regular, breathing, and chiral breathing diatomic-kagome lattices with patterned potential landscapes, showing evident topological edge states at the interfaces. The combination of scanning tunnelling microscopy and noncontact atomic force microscopy, complemented by density functional theory and tight-binding calculations, directly substantiates our method as a reliable and effective way to achieve electronic kagome lattices for engineering quantum states.
Asymmetric magnetization switching and programmable complete Boolean logic enabled by long-range intralayer Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
Authors: Liu Qianbiao , Liu Long , Xing Guozhong , Zhu Lijun
Published: April 2024

After decades of efforts, some fundamental physics for electrical switching of magnetization is still missing. Here, we report the discovery of the long-range intralayer Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) effect, which is the chiral coupling of orthogonal magnetic domains within the same magnetic layer via the mediation of an adjacent heavy metal layer. The effective magnetic field of the long-range intralayer DMI on the perpendicular magnetization is out-of-plane and varies with the interfacial DMI constant, the applied in-plane magnetic fields, and the magnetic anisotropy distribution. Striking consequences of the effect include asymmetric current/field switching of perpendicular magnetization, hysteresis loop shift of perpendicular magnetization in the absence of in-plane direct current, and sharp in-plane magnetic field switching of perpendicular magnetization. Utilizing the intralayer DMI, we demonstrate programable, complete Boolean logic operations within a single spin-orbit torque device. These results will stimulate investigation of the long-range intralayer DMI effect in a variety of spintronic devices.
Structure and mechanisms of transport of human Asc1/CD98hc amino acid transporter
Authors: Rullo-Tubau Josep , Martinez-Molledo Maria , Bartoccioni Paola , Puch-Giner Ignasi , Arias Ángela , Saen-Oon Suwipa , Stephan-Otto Attolini Camille , Artuch Rafael , Díaz Lucía , Guallar Víctor , Errasti-Murugarren Ekaitz , Palacín Manuel , Llorca Oscar
Published: April 2024

Recent cryoEM studies elucidated details of the structural basis for the substrate selectivity and translocation of heteromeric amino acid transporters. However, Asc1/CD98hc is the only neutral heteromeric amino acid transporter that can function through facilitated diffusion, and the only one that efficiently transports glycine and D-serine, and thus has a regulatory role in the central nervous system. Here we use cryoEM, ligand-binding simulations, mutagenesis, transport assays, and molecular dynamics to define human Asc1/CD98hc determinants for substrate specificity and gain insights into the mechanisms that govern substrate translocation by exchange and facilitated diffusion. The cryoEM structure of Asc1/CD98hc is determined at 3.4–3.8 Å resolution, revealing an inward-facing semi-occluded conformation. We find that Ser 246 and Tyr 333 are essential for Asc1/CD98hc substrate selectivity and for the exchange and facilitated diffusion modes of transport. Taken together, these results reveal the structural bases for ligand binding and transport features specific to human Asc1.
Enhancement resistance to microbiologically influenced stress corrosion of Cu-bearing steel against Bacillus cereus
Authors: Liu Bo , Lu Fangyuan , Zhu Shidong , Du Cuiwei , Li Xiaogang
Published: April 2024

Microorganisms are notoriously known to cause local corrosion and stress corrosion cracking (SCC), which seriously endangers the materials service safety. Cu can enhance antibacterial function of the material and reduce the vulnerability to hydrogen embrittlement (HE). However, the dilemma of how much Cu content generates the best resistance to microbiological corrosion and SCC arises. Here, we modified the Cu content in pipeline steel to obtain the best antibacterial effect to nitrate reducing bacteria Bacillus cereus and HE resistance. The findings offer a fresh perspective on how to design and prepare a steel that are both resistant to microbiological corrosion and SCC.
Gut microbiome is not associated with mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Aho Velma T. E. , Klee Matthias , Landoulsi Zied , Heintz-Buschart Anna , Pavelka Lukas , Leist Anja K. , Krüger Rejko , May Patrick , Wilmes Paul ,   on behalf of the NCER-PD Consortium, Acharya Geeta , Aguayo Gloria , Alexandre Myriam , Ali Muhammad , Ammerlann Wim , Arena Giuseppe , Bassis Michele , Batutu Roxane , Beaumont Katy , Béchet Sibylle , Berchem Guy , Bisdorff Alexandre , Boussaad Ibrahim , Bouvier David , Castillo Lorieza , Contesotto Gessica , De Bremaeker Nancy , Dewitt Brian , Diederich Nico , Dondelinger Rene , Ramia Nancy E. , Ferrari Angelo , Frauenknecht Katrin , Fritz Joëlle , Gamio Carlos , Gantenbein Manon , Gawron Piotr , Georges Laura , Ghosh Soumyabrata , Giraitis Marijus , Glaab Enrico , Goergen Martine , De Lope Elisa Gómez , Graas Jérôme , Graziano Mariella , Groues Valentin , Grünewald Anne , Hammot Gaël , Hanff Anne-Marie , Hansen Linda , Heneka Michael , Henry Estelle , Henry Margaux , Herbrink Sylvia , Herzinger Sascha , Hundt Alexander , Jacoby Nadine , Jónsdóttir Sonja , Klucken Jochen , Kofanova Olga , Krüger Rejko , Lambert Pauline , Lentz Roseline , Longhino Laura , Lopes Ana Festas , Lorentz Victoria , Marques Tainá M. , Marques Guilherme , Conde Patricia Martins , Mcintyre Deborah , Mediouni Chouaib , Meisch Francoise , Mendibide Alexia , Menster Myriam , Minelli Maura , Mittelbronn Michel , Mtimet Saïda , Munsch Maeva , Nati Romain , Nehrbass Ulf , Nickels Sarah , Nicolai Beatrice , Nicolay Jean-Paul , Noor Fozia , Gomes Clarissa P. C. , Pachchek Sinthuja , Pauly Claire , Pauly Laure , Pavelka Lukas , Perquin Magali , Pexaras Achilleas , Rauschenberger Armin , Rawal Rajesh , Bobbili Dheeraj Reddy , Remark Lucie , Richard Ilsé , Roland Olivia , Roomp Kirsten , Rosales Eduardo , Sapienza Stefano , Satagopam Venkata , Schmitz Sabine , Schneider Reinhard , Schwamborn Jens , Severino Raquel , Sharify Amir , Soare Ruxandra , Soboleva Ekaterina , Sokolowska Kate , Theresine Maud , Thien Hermann , Thiry Elodie , Loo Rebecca Ting Jiin , Trouet Johanna , Tsurkalenko Olena , Vaillant Michel , Vega Carlos , Boas Liliana Vilas , Wilmes Paul , Wollscheid-Lengeling Evi , Zelimkhanov Gelani
Published: April 2024

Gut microbiome differences between people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and control subjects without Parkinsonism are widely reported, but potential alterations related to PD with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have yet to be comprehensively explored. We compared gut microbial features of PD with MCI (n = 58) to cognitively unimpaired PD (n = 60) and control subjects (n = 90) with normal cognition. Our results did not support a specific microbiome signature related to MCI in PD.
The Ethiopian Cognitive Assessment battery in Schizophrenia (ECAS): a validation study
Authors: Gebreegziabhere Yohannes , Habatmu Kassahun , Cella Matteo , Alem Atalay
Published: April 2024

Cognitive impairment is common in people with schizophrenia (PWS). To detect the presence and its consequences, cognitive measures with sound psychometric properties are needed. However, these are lacking especially in low-income countries. Hence, we developed the Ethiopian Cognitive Assessment battery in Schizophrenia (ECAS). In this study, we evaluated the psychometric properties of the ECAS in a cross-sectional study involving 350 PWS. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a one-factor solution. ECAS score correlated significantly but weakly with a disability measure (r = −0.13, p = 0.02) and symptom dimensions of PANSS (r between −0.12 and −0.29, p < 0.05), except for positive symptoms (r = −0.10, p > 0.05). Years of education (β = 0.12, 95% CI (0.09, 0.14), p < 0.001), male sex (β = 0.22, 95% CI (0.05, 0.39)), age β = −0.02, 95% CI (−0.03, −0.01), and medication side effects (β = −0.03, 95% CI (−0.06, −0.01), p = 0.021) were significantly associated with the composite score of ECAS. The Item Response Theory analysis showed that the tool best functions among participants with moderate cognitive impairment (difficulty coefficient between −1.12 and 0.27). The Differential Item Functioning analyses showed that education had a positive contribution on Digit Symbol Substitution Test (MH OR = 2.64, 95% CI (1.34, 5.20)). The results showed that ECAS is valid in assessing cognition in PWS in low-resource settings.
From home energy management systems to energy communities: methods and data
Authors: Ruano Antonio , Ruano Maria da Graça
Published: April 2024

This paper introduces the HEMStoEC database, which contains data recorded in the course of two research projects,NILMforIHEM, andHEMS2IEA, for more than three years. To be manageable, the dataset is divided in months, from January 2020 until February 2023. It consists in: (a) consumption electric data for four houses in a neighbourhood situated in the south of Portugal, (b) weather data for that location, (c) photovoltaic and battery data, (d) inside climate data, and (e) operation of several electric devices in one of the four houses. Raw data, sampled at 1 sec and 1 minute are available from the different sensing devices, as well as synchronous data, with a common sampling interval of 5 minutes are available. Gaps existing within the data, as well as periods where interpolation was used, are available for each month of data.
Accurate estimation of modulation amplitude in Brillouin optical correlation-domain reflectometry based on Rayleigh noise spectrum
Authors: Kikuchi Keita , Lee Heeyoung , Inoue Ryo , Ozaki Kouta , Sasage Haruki , Mizuno Yosuke
Published: April 2024

In Brillouin optical correlation-domain reflectometry (BOCDR), spatial resolution relies on the modulation amplitude of the light. We propose a Rayleigh-based method that utilizes the spectral width of Rayleigh-induced noise to measure this amplitude without altering the setup or requiring an optical spectrum analyzer. With high frequency resolution and ease of implementation, our approach enhances the convenience and accuracy of spatial resolution evaluation in BOCDR.
The 3-component mixture of power distributions under Bayesian paradigm with application of life span of fatigue fracture
Authors: Abbas Tahir , Tahir Muhammad , Abid Muhammad , Munir Samavia , Ali Sajid
Published: April 2024

Mixture distributions are naturally extra attractive to model the heterogeneous environment of processes in reliability analysis than simple probability models. This focus of the study is to develop and Bayesian inference on the 3-component mixture of power distributions. Under symmetric and asymmetric loss functions, the Bayes estimators and posterior risk using priors are derived. The presentation of Bayes estimators for various sample sizes and test termination time (a fact of time after that test is terminated) is examined in this article. To assess the performance of Bayes estimators in terms of posterior risks, a Monte Carlo simulation along with real data study is presented.
Cerebrating and engagement, paths to reduce fresh produce waste within homes
Authors: Jansson-Boyd Cathrine V. , Mul Cari-lène , Raeva-Beri Daniela
Published: April 2024

A real-world study was conducted with the aim to reduce people’s fresh fruit and vegetables waste within their homes. For 6 weeks participants measured their fresh produce waste. Half the participants were impelled to complete food waste logs whilst the other half was a control group. This was followed by a 6-month monitoring period to establish if changes would last. Fresh produce waste decreased with over a quarter of what the participants had wasted at the beginning of the 6 weeks, for all groups. Additionally, an attitude questionnaire distributed at the onset and at the end of the study showed a shift in pro-reduction of food waste. As this indicated that thinking about food waste prompts engagement, we tested this idea using a different sample group. A questionnaire measuring attitudes and cognition confirmed the importance of thinking and provided further insight into the findings from the first study.