bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MyoD-Cre driven alterations in K-Ras and p53 lead to a mouse model with histological and molecular characteristics of human rhabdomyosarcoma with direct translational applications
Authors: Nakahata Kengo , Simons Brian W. , Pozzo Enrico , Shuck Ryan , Kurenbekova Lyazat , Coarfa Cristian , Patel Tajhal D. , Yustein Jason T.
Published: June 2021

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children, with overall long-term survival rates of about 65-70%. Thus, additional molecular insights and representative models are critical for further identifying and evaluating new treatment modalities. Using MyoD-Cre mediated introduction of mutant K-RasG12D and perturbations in p53 we have developed a novel genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) for RMS. Specifically, we directly crossed mice expressing MyoD promoter-regulated Cre-recombinase with germline p53Flox or Lox-Stop-Lox (LSL) knock-in alleles expressing oncogenic p53R172H and/or K-RasG12D mutants. The anatomic sites of primary RMS development observed in these mice recapitulated human disease, with the most frequent sites of tumor growth seen in the head, neck, extremities, and abdomen.

We have confirmed RMS histology and diagnosis through hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, as well as positive immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for desmin, myogenin, and phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH). We established cell lines from several of the GEMM tumors with the ability to engraft and develop tumors in immunocompetent mice with similar histological and staining features as the primary tumors. Furthermore, injection of syngeneic RMS lines via tail vein had high metastatic potential to the lungs. Transcriptomic analyses of p53R172H/K-RasG12D GEMM-derived tumors showed evidence of high molecular homology with human RMS. Specifically, we noted alterations in gene ontologies including immune response, metabolism and mRNA processing. Finally, pre-clinical use of these murine RMS lines demonstrated similar therapeutic responsiveness to relevant chemotherapy and targeted therapies as human cell line models.

Summary Statement

We have developed a new conditional genetically engineered mouse model of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) with homologous molecular signature to human RMS that provides valuable pre-clinical models for evaluating novel therapies.
Getting more out of FLAG-Tag co-immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry experiments using FAIMS
Authors: Ang Ching-Seng , Sacharz Joanna , Leeming Michael G. , Nie Shuai , Varshney Swati , Scott Nichollas E. , Williamson Nicholas A.
Published: June 2021

Co-immunoprecipitation of proteins coupled to mass spectrometry is critical for the understanding of protein interaction networks. In instances where a suitable antibody is not available, it is common to graft synthetic tags onto target protein sequences and allowing the use of commercially available antibodies for affinity purification. A common approach is through FLAG-Tag co-immunoprecipitation. To allow the selective elution of protein complexes, competitive displacement using a large molar excess of the tag peptides is often carried out. Yet, this creates downstream challenges for the mass spectrometry analysis due to the presence of large quantities of these peptides. Here, we demonstrate that Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry (FAIMS), a gas phase ion separation device prior to mass spectrometry analysis can be applied to FLAG-Tag co-immunoprecipitation experiment to increase the depth of protein coverage. By excluding these abundant tag peptides, we were able to observe deeper coverage of interacting proteins and as a result, deeper biological insights, without the need for additional sample handling or altering sample preparation protocols.
Commonly used Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium filtering schemes impact population structure inferences using RADseq data
Authors: Pearman William S. , Urban Lara , Alexander Alana
Published: June 2021

Reduced representation sequencing (RRS) is a widely used method to assay the diversity of genetic loci across the genome of an organism. The dominant class of RRS approaches assay loci associated with restriction sites within the genome (restriction site associated DNA sequencing, or RADseq). RADseq is frequently applied to non-model organisms since it enables population genetic studies without relying on well-characterized reference genomes. However, RADseq requires the use of many bioinformatic filters to ensure the quality of genotyping calls. These filters can have direct impacts on population genetic inference, and therefore require careful consideration. One widely used filtering approach is the removal of loci which do not conform to expectations of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). Despite being widely used, we show that this filtering approach is rarely described in sufficient detail to enable replication. Furthermore, through analyses of in silico and empirical datasets we show that some of the most widely used HWE filtering approaches dramatically impact inference of population structure. In particular, the removal of loci exhibiting departures from HWE after pooling across samples significantly reduces the degree of inferred population structure within a dataset (despite this approach being widely used). Based on these results, we provide recommendations for best practice regarding the implementation of HWE filtering for RADseq datasets.
Spatial dynamics of feedback and feedforward regulation in cell lineages
Authors: Uhl Peter , Lowengrub John , Komarova Natalia , Wodarz Dominik
Published: June 2021

Feedback mechanisms within cell lineages are thought to be important for maintaining tissue homeostasis. Mathematical models that assume well-mixed cell populations, together with experimental data, have suggested that negative feedback from differentiated cells on the stem cell self-renewal probability can maintain a stable equilibrium and hence homeostasis. Cell lineage dynamics, however, are characterized by spatial structure, which can lead to different properties. Here, we investigate these dynamics using spatially explicit computational models, including cell division, differentiation, death, and migration / diffusion processes. According to these models, the negative feedback loop on stem cell self-renewal fails to maintain homeostasis, both under the assumption of strong spatial restrictions and fast migration / diffusion. Although homeostasis cannot be maintained, this feedback can regulate cell density and promote the formation of spatial structures in the model. Tissue homeostasis, however, can be achieved if spatially restricted negative feedback on self-renewal is combined with an experimentally documented spatial feedforward loop in which stem cells regulate the fate of transit amplifying cells. This indicates that the dynamics of feedback regulation in tissue cell lineages are more complex than previously thought, and that combinations of spatially explicit control mechanisms are likely instrumental.
A 3D transcriptomics atlas of the mouse olfactory mucosa
Authors: Segura Mayra L. Ruiz Tejada , Moussa Eman Abou , Garabello Elisa , Nakahara Thiago S. , Makhlouf Melanie , Mathew Lisa S. , Valle Filippo , Huang Susie S.Y. , Mainland Joel D. , Caselle Michele , Osella Matteo , Lorenz Stephan , Reisert Johannes , Logan Darren W. , Malnic Bettina , Scialdone Antonio , Saraiva Luis R.
Published: June 2021

The sense of smell helps us navigate the environment, but its molecular architecture and underlying logic remain unknown. The spatial location of odorant receptor genes (Olfrs) in the nose is widely thought to be independent of the structural diversity of the odorants they detect. Using spatial transcriptomics, we created a genome-wide 3D atlas of the mouse olfactory mucosa (OM). Topographic maps of genes differentially expressed in space reveal that bothOlfrsand non-Olfrsare distributed in a continuous and overlapping fashion over five broad zones in the OM. The spatial locations ofOlfrscorrelate with the mucus solubility of the odorants they recognize, providing direct evidence for the chromatographic theory of olfaction. This resource resolved the molecular architecture of the mouse OM, and will inform future studies on mechanisms underlyingOlfrgene choice, axonal pathfinding, patterning of the nervous system, and basic logic for the peripheral representation of smell.
SARS-CoV-2 envelope-protein corruption of homeostatic signaling mechanisms in mammalian cells
Authors: Schulze Tobias , Hartel Andreas , Höler Sebastian , Hemming Clara , Lehn Robert , Tandl Dominique , Greiner Timo , Bertl Adam , Shepard Kenneth , Moroni Anna , Thiel Gerhard , Rauh Oliver
Published: June 2021

During a SARS-CoV2 infection, host cells produce large amounts of the viral envelope protein (Ep-CoV2). Ep-CoV2 is partially inserted into the membrane of nascent viral particles and into cellular membranes. To mimic the pathophysiological impact of the cellular protein fraction, Ep-CoV2 was overexpressed in mammalian cells and effects on key signaling parameters were monitored. By tagging with green fluorescent protein (GFP), we found that Ep-CoV2 protein is mostly present in the endoplasmic reticulum with additional trace amounts in the plasma membrane. We observed that wild-type Ep-CoV2 and, to a lesser extent, its mutants (N15A, V25F) corrupted some of the most important homeostatic mechanisms in cells. The same was observed with isolated transmembrane domains of the protein. The Ep-CoV2-evoked elevation of intracellular Ca2+ and pH as well as the induced membrane depolarization produced by the presence of the protein interfere with major signal transduction cascades in host cells. These functions of Ep-CoV2, which likely contribute to the pathogenesis of the viral protein, result from the ion-channel activity of the viral protein. Two independent assays, a functional reconstitution of Ep-CoV2 protein in artificial membranes and a rescue of K+-deficient yeast mutants, confirm that Ep-CoV2 generates a cation-conducting channel with a low unitary conductance and a complex ion selectivity. The data presented here suggest that specific channel function inhibitors of Ep-CoV2 can provide cell protection and virostatic effects.
A molecular census of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Kamath Tushar , Abdulraouf Abdulraouf , Burris SJ , Gazestani Vahid , Nadaf Naeem , Vanderburg Charles , Macosko Evan Z
Published: June 2021

Midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) project widely throughout the central nervous system, playing critical roles in voluntary movements, reward processing, and working memory. Many of these neurons are highly sensitive to neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s Disease (PD), and their loss correlates strongly with the pathognomonic symptoms. To characterize these populations molecularly, we developed a protocol to enrich and transcriptionally profile DA neuron nuclei from postmortem human SNpc of both PD patients and matched controls. We identified a total of ten distinct populations, including one that was primate-specific. A single subtype, marked by the gene AGTR1, was highly susceptible to degeneration, and was enriched for expression of genes associated with PD in genetic studies, suggesting many risk loci act within this subtype to influence its neurodegeneration. The AGTR1 subtype also showed the strongest upregulation of TP53 and its downstream targets, nominating a potential pathway of degeneration in vivo. The transcriptional characterization of differentially disease-vulnerable DA neurons in the SNpc will inform the development of laboratory models, enable the nomination of novel disease biomarkers, and guide further studies of pathogenic disease mechanisms.
Visualizing looping of two endogenous genomic loci using synthetic zinc-finger proteins with anti-FLAG and anti-HA frankenbodies in living cells
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhao Ning , Kanemaki Masato T. , Yamamoto Yotaro , Sadamura Yoshifusa , Ito Yuma , Tokunaga Makio , Stasevich Timothy J. , Kimura Hiroshi
Published: June 2021

In eukaryotic nuclei, chromatin loops mediated through cohesin are critical structures that regulate gene expression and DNA replication. Here we demonstrate a new method to visualize endogenous genomic loci using synthetic zinc-finger proteins harboring repeat epitope tags (ZF probes) for signal amplification via binding of tag-specific intracellular antibodies, or frankenbodies, fused with fluorescent proteins. We achieve this in two steps. First, we develop an anti-FLAG frankenbody that can bind FLAG-tagged proteins in diverse live-cell environments. The anti-FLAG frankenbody complements the anti-HA frankenbody, enabling two-color signal amplification from FLAG and HA-tagged proteins. Second, we develop a pair of cell-permeable ZF probes that specifically bind two endogenous chromatin loci predicted to be involved in chromatin looping. By coupling our anti-FLAG and anti-HA frankenbodies with FLAG- and HA-tagged ZF probes, we simultaneously visualize the dynamics of the two loci in single living cells. This reveals close association between the two loci in the majority of cells, but the loci markedly separate upon the triggered degradation of the cohesin subunit RAD21. Our ability to image two endogenous genomic loci simultaneously in single living cells provides a proof-of-principle that ZF probes coupled with frankenbodies are useful new tools for exploring genome dynamics in multiple colors.
Molecular structures of the pentaphenylcyclopentadienyl iron complexes [(C5Ph5)Fe(CO)2
R] (R = Me, Ph, iPr and Bu)
Authors: Sünkel Karlheinz , Klein-Hessling Christian
Published: June 2021

The PdII-catalysed reaction of [(C5Ph5)Fe(CO)2Br] with Grignard compounds RMgX or butyl lithium gave the iron alkyl/aryl complexes [(C5Ph5)Fe(CO)2
R] (R = Me, Ph, iPr and Bu) in 59–73% yield, namely, dicarbonylmethyl(η5-pentaphenylcyclopentadienyl)iron, [Fe(CH3)(C35H25)(CO)2], dicarbonyl(η5-pentaphenylcyclopentadienyl)phenyliron, [Fe(C6H5)(C35H25)(CO)2], dicarbonyl(isopropyl)(η5-pentaphenylcyclopentadienyl)iron, [Fe(C3H7)(C35H25)(CO)2], and butyldicarbonyl(η5-pentaphenylcyclopentadienyl)iron, [Fe(C4H9)(C35H25)(CO)2]. The crystal structure determinations showed the usual `paddle-wheel' orientation of the phenyl rings, with an average canting angle of ca 50°. The bond parameters are mainly dictated by the steric requirements of the alkyl/aryl groups and only the phenyl complex shows electronic effects.
The level matters: building capabilities for innovation and enterprise performance through customer involvement
Authors: Anning-Dorson Thomas
Published: June 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the quadratic relationship between customer involvement capability and performance, and innovation of small- and medium-scale service firms. The study answers the critical question of how SMEs make the most benefit from their involvement capability.

Design/methodology/approach

Data from small and medium enterprises (SMEs) operating in the service sector of an emerging economy in sub-Saharan Africa were used. A two-stage data analysis with a quadratic estimation was used to assess the hypothesized relationships.

Findings

The study found that the influence of involvement capability over SME performance differs in terms of financial and non-financial. And that, while increasing customer involvement will improve non-financial performance such as customer satisfaction and service quality, it is only at the intermediate level that financial performance is optimized.

Originality/value

The relationships (involvement, and performance and innovation) are not linear, and that at some levels, the relationship with financial or non-financial performance is more positive than other levels. The findings also suggest that involvement capability influences both process and product innovations most at intermediate levels than at low and high levels.
Validity and reliability of the Italian version of the Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale
Authors: Pintus Andrea , Bertolini Chiara , Scipione Lucia , Antonietti Maja
Published: June 2021

Purpose

This study investigates the construct validity and reliability of the Italian version of the Teachers' Self-Efficacy Scale (TSES) developed by Tschannen-Moran and Hoy (2001) and contributes to existing research aimed at exploring the elements and variables that influence teachers' self-efficacy levels.

Design/methodology/approach

The instrument, translated and adapted in Italian by Cardarello et al. (2017), was tested on a sample of 349 in-service second grade teachers with similar demographic profiles (gender, age, seniority). The study analyzes the data following the exploratory factor analysis.

Findings

The results of this research confirm the relevance of the three-factor model, but opens the possibility of a different organizational structure of the items within the scale. In fact, the results confirmed both the original TSES three-factor structure (student engagement, classroom management, instructional strategies) and a new four-factor structure. The new four-factor structure recognizes two new factors of an instructional nature, “Inclusive instructional strategies, learner-centered” and “Traditional instructional strategies, teacher-centered.” The first one recalls beliefs about capabilities to use strategies and assessments focused on students' needs (inclusive perspective); the second one refers to the dimension of the disciplinary master.

Originality/value

According to the idea that teachers' self-efficacy is a multidimensional construct, the findings of this study invite to reflect upon the meanings of scale application in different cultural contexts and open a discussion about instructional strategies and the experience of teaching in Italy.
Performance assessment of the operations strategy of credit unions
Authors: Martins Poliana , Pinheiro de Lima Edson , Bortoluzzi Sandro César , Gouvea da Costa Sergio E.
Published: June 2021

Purpose

In this study, the performance assessment of credit unions is developed, seeking to demonstrate how the content of their operations strategy is present in the structuring of unique models of organisational performance assessment. The main objective is to compare sources of knowledge through the content analysis of the service operations strategy as proposed by the literature and validated by specialists.

Design/methodology/approach

This research is a qualitative study that uses the knowledge of specialists to frame a performance assessment structure applied to credit unions. The research strategy is based on multicriteria analysis, and the selected techniques are based on the MCDA-C procedure, that is, the processes of structuring, evaluating and recommending improvements.

Findings

The research results provided: a data set external to the context that serves as theoretical support for the comparisons made; the structuring of 4 unique organisational performance assessment models carried out through the MCDA-C procedure; conceptual interpretation using the lens of the operations strategy in the cognitive maps of the assessment models, which identifies the operations strategy carried out; and comparison of the result models that show their uniqueness.

Originality/value

The comparison between the origins of knowledge is highlighted, and the demonstration of the content was proposed by the literature and by specialists to evaluate the performance in operations. This was then compared with the content constructed with credit union managers in structuring models based on the singularities of the respective contexts. The theory was compared to practice, and it was demonstrated how the content of the operations regarding the performance could be used in decision contexts.
Design of logarithmic crowned roller for tapered roller bearings based on the elastohydrodynamic lubrication model
Authors: Duan Hongyu , Yu Qingtao , Wang Zhijian
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the film-forming capacity of logarithmic crowned roller for tapered roller bearing (TRB) and to design a tapered roller profile based on an elastohydrodynamic lubrication model.

Design/methodology/approach

A coupled model, incorporating a quasi-static model of TRBs and an elastohydrodynamic lubrication model was developed to investigate the load distribution of TRB and to evaluate the lubrication state of tapered roller/raceway contact.

Findings

The model is verified with published literature results. Parametric analysis is conducted to investigate the effect of crown drop on azimuthal load distribution of the roller, film thickness and pressure distribution in the contact area. The result shows that crown drop has little influence on the azimuthal load distribution; also, the film thickness and the pressure distribution are asymmetric. When the tapered roller is designed and manufactured, the crown drop of the small end should be larger than that in the large end.

Originality/value

Precise roller profile design is conducive to improve the fatigue life of TRBs. Currently, most crown design methods neglect the influence of lubrication, which can lead to a non-suitable roller profile. Therefore, the present work is undertaken to optimize roller profiles based on lubrication theory.
“Felt responsibility”: a mediator for balancing NGOs’ upward and downward accountability
Authors: Chu Vien , Luke Belinda
Published: June 2021

Purpose

This study aims to investigate how non-government organisation (NGO) managers balance accountability to donors and beneficiaries and the role of felt responsibility in this process.

Design/methodology/approach

Using concepts of accountability theory, practices of microenterprise development NGOs are examined in two countries – Bangladesh and Indonesia – through interviews with managers of 20 NGOs and analysis of NGOs’ publicly available data.

Findings

Findings show a shift in emphasis from a vertical view (upward to donors and downward to beneficiaries) to a horizontal view of NGO accountability. Under this view, a selective approach to donors whose mission and approaches to poverty alleviation aligned with those of the NGOs played an essential role in supporting NGOs’ internal accountability. Further, felt a responsibility to beneficiaries is identified as an important mediator balancing both upward and downward accountability. While accountability to donors and beneficiaries was interrelated, accountability to donors was considered a short-term objective and accountability to beneficiaries was considered a long-term and overriding objective.

Originality/value

Findings contribute a further understanding of the role of felt responsibility to beneficiaries as a mediator for balancing upward and downward accountability based on the perspectives of NGO managers. Reframing accountability through a horizontal view helps to balance multiple directions of NGO accountability: to self, donors and beneficiaries.
Promoting fearlessness of change through social intelligence: mediating role of collective efficacy and moderating role of management commitment to change
Authors: Goswami Meghna
Published: June 2021

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the influence of social intelligence and collective efficacy on the fearlessness of change. Furthermore, this study investigates the mediation effect of collective efficacy and moderating role of management commitment to change in the relationship between social intelligence and fearlessness of change.

Design/methodology/approach

The analysis is based on data collected from 296 members of information technology and Banking Financial Services Industry organisations using a survey questionnaire. Hypotheses have been tested using structural equation modelling.

Findings

The findings show that social intelligence and collective efficacy positively influence fearlessness of change. Social intelligence also impacts collective efficacy positively. Further, collective efficacy acts as a mediator and management commitment to change acts as a moderator in the relationship between social intelligence and fearlessness of change.

Research limitations/implications

This study highlights the relevance of social intelligence in fostering a fearless attitude towards change for easy transition from the current organisational state to a new or desired state.

Practical implications

Organisational leaders must strive to develop a climate of fearlessness in organisations undergoing change so that the employees acquire this attitude of fearlessness and face the hurdles that come with change with a positive mind set.

Originality/value

This study is amongst the few such studies that examined the relationship amongst variables of this study.
Knowing your audience: understanding urban superintendents' process of framing equitable change
Authors: Coviello James , DeMatthews David E.
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to understand how superintendents leading large, high-profile and politically complex urban districts make sense of their district–community context and advocate for issues of equity.

Design/methodology/approach

This qualitative multi-case study took place over the 2017–18 school year and involved superintendents leading large urban districts in the United States, with data derived from semi-structured interviews, observations of school board and other public meetings and document collection.

Findings

This article describes how superintendents' sensemaking around equity was situated within the context of interactions with district board members and other stakeholder groups within their communities and influenced by their sense of professional vulnerability of public advocacy. Leaders often felt the need to attenuate their personal sense of equity and act strategically when framing related policies or practices. This study highlights examples by which superintendents were forced to confront instances when community support and prioritization of equity issues did not match their own and subsequently struggled to make sense of how to frame issues that were not in alignment.

Originality/value

Despite their positional authority, relatively little attention has been paid to the experience of school district superintendents in fostering equity. This study provides practical examples of superintendents making sense of complex leadership scenarios and taking strategic action to promote equity in authentic circumstances and has important implications for research and practice.
Sustainable prosperity and enterprises for Maori communities in Aotearoa New Zealand: a review of the literature
Authors: Neha Tia , Macfarlane Angus , Macfarlane Sonja , Clarke Te Hurinui , Derby Melissa , Torepe Toni , Duckworth Fiona , Gibson Marie , Whelan Roisin , Fletcher Jo
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The research in the field of Indigenous peoples and the espousal of their cultural values in the work environment is recognised as being important as a means of overcoming workplace inequities. The purpose of this paper is to examine research about Maori, the Indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand that may inform future enterprises for the long-term prosperity of marginalised Indigenous peoples.

Design/methodology/approach

This study reviews the literature on unique cultural dynamics of whanau Maori (New Zealand Maori family/community) study practices and the importance of work/home/life balance. Furthermore, it considers strengths-based community enterprises that can lead to sustainable prosperity for Maori.

Findings

The review yielded three theoretical principles that explain mana (sociocultural and psychological well-being), which can be generalised across multiple contexts, with the workplace being one of these contexts. These principles of mana create a contextual match with whanau external realities; an experiential match of a mana empowerment framework that transfers to the study context and an interpersonal understanding of being understood and empowered within the study context.

Research limitations/implications

The literature review has been limited to research from 2005 onwards and to research that investigates Maori, the Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand. Although the review of the literature has these limitations, the review may be of interest to other studies of Indigenous peoples worldwide.

Practical implications

The key factors are interwoven, and their importance is considered in relation to the development of positive and supportive environments, which link to job retention, satisfaction and productivity in the workplace for Maori. This, in turn, can have beneficial knock-on effects for not only the New Zealand economy but also more importantly for enhancing sustainable livelihoods for upcoming generations.

Social implications

Tied together, these factors are paramount for cultural, social and ecological benefits for nga rangatahi (young Maori adults) and the wider community in the workplace.

Originality/value

The literature review’s value and originality derive from a dearth of recent research on supporting nga rangatahi (young Maori adults) for sustainable prosperity.
Applying machine learning approach to predict students’ performance in higher educational institutions
Authors: Yakubu Mohammed Nasiru , Abubakar A. Mohammed
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Academic success and failure are relevant lifelines for economic success in the knowledge-based economy. The purpose of this paper is to predict the propensity of students’ academic performance using early detection indicators (i.e. age, gender, high school exam scores, region, CGPA) to allow for timely and efficient remediation.

Design/methodology/approach

A machine learning approach was used to develop a model based on secondary data obtained from students’ information system in a Nigerian university.

Findings

Results revealed that age is not a predictor for academic success (high CGPA); female students are 1.2 times more likely to have high CGPA compared to their male counterparts; students with high JAMB scores are more likely to achieve academic success, high CGPA and vice versa; students from affluent and developed regions are more likely to achieve academic success, high CGPA and vice versa; and students in Years 3 and 4 are more likely to achieve academic success, high CGPA.

Originality/value

This predictive model serves as a classifier and useful strategy to mitigate failure, promote success and better manage resources in tertiary institutions.
Female CEO succession and audit fees: evidence from China
Authors: Gull Ammar Ali , Atif Muhammad , Issa Ayman , Usman Muhammad , Siddique Muhammad Abubakkar
Published: June 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to examine whether CEO succession with gender change (male to female) affects audit fees in the Chinese setting. In addition, this study examines whether the relationship exists in both types of ownership, i.e. non-state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and SOEs.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses data from all A-share non-financial firms listed on both the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) and Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE) for the period 2009 to 2015. To draw inferences, this study uses pooled ordinary least squares regression as a baseline technique. This study performs sub-sample analyzes for robustness. To account for endogeneity, this study uses three techniques including firm fixed-effects regression, the two-step Heckman model and the system generalized method of moments (GMM).

Findings

This study documents a significantly negative relationship between CEO succession with gender change and audit fees. However, the negative effect of CEO succession on audit fees is more pronounced in non-SOEs than SOEs. This study also finds, in additional analyzes, a strong negative effect of female CEO succession on audit fees in sub-sample of large, high-risk, high-performance and firms audited by non-big auditors. The main finding is robust across three endogeneity techniques.

Practical implications

The findings add to the ongoing debate about the underrepresentation of women in key executive positions such as CEO. The results suggest that CEO succession from male to female has a favorable effect on the quality of internal monitoring mechanisms (due to the superior monitoring skills of women) and enhances the quality of financial reporting. The study has practical implications for regulatory bodies and corporate decision-makers; this study encourages them to look into considering women in the executive succession framework.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by exploring the effect of CEO succession with gender change (male to female) on audit fees in the context of China and the existence of this relationship in non-SOEs and SOEs.
Is global carbon inequality getting better or worse? A decomposition analysis of carbon inequality in intraincome and interincome groups
Authors: Li Rongrong , Wang Qiang , Liu Yi , Jiang Rui
Published: June 2021

Purpose

This study is aimed at better understanding the evolution of inequality in carbon emission in intraincome and interincome groups in the world, and then to uncover the driving factors that affect inequality in carbon emission.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach is developed by combining the Theil index and the decomposition technique. Specifically, the Theil index is used to measure the inequality in carbon emissions from the perspective of global and each income group level. The extended logarithmic mean Divisia index was developed to explore the driving factors.

Findings

This study finds that the inequality in carbon emissions of intraincome group is getting better, whereas the inequality in carbon emission of interincome group is getting worse. And the difference in global carbon emissions between income groups is the main source of global carbon emission inequality, which is greater than that within each income group. In addition, the high-income group has transferred their carbon emissions to upper-middle income group by importing high-carbon-intensive products to meet the domestic demand, while lower-middle-income group do not fully participate in the international trade.

Practical implications

To alleviate the global carbon inequality, more attention should be paid to the inequality in carbon emission of interincome group, especially the trade between high-income group and upper-middle income group. From the perspective of driving factors, the impact of import and export trade dependence on the per capita carbon emissions of different income groups can almost offset each other, so the trade surplus effect should be the focus of each group.

Originality/value

In order to consider the impact of international trade, this study conducts a comprehensive analysis of global carbon emissions inequality from the perspective of income levels and introduces the import and export dependence effect and the trade surplus effect into the analysis framework of global carbon emission inequality drivers, which has not been any research carried out so far. The results of this paper not only provide policy recommendations for mitigating global carbon emissions but also provide a new research perspective for subsequent inequality research.
Study on driving waveform design process for multi-nozzle piezoelectric printhead in material-jetting 3D printing
Authors: Cheng Yih-Lin , Tseng Tzu-Wei
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Material-jetting (MJ) three-dimensional (3D) printing processes are competitive due to their printing resolution and printing speed. Driving waveform design of piezoelectric printhead in MJ would affect droplet formation and performance, but there are very limited studies on it besides patents and know-hows by commercial manufacturers. Therefore, in this research, the waveform design process to efficiently attain suitable parameters for a multi-nozzle piezoelectric printhead was studied. Therefore, this research aims to study the waveform design process to efficiently attain suitable parameters for a multi-nozzle piezoelectric printhead.

Design/methodology/approach

Ricoh’s Gen4L printhead was adopted. A high-speed camera captured pictures of jetted droplets and droplet velocity was calculated. The waveforms included single-, double- and triple-pulse trapezoidal patterns. The effects of parameters were investigated and the suitable ones were determined based on the avoidance of satellite drops and preference of higher droplet velocity.

Findings

In a single-pulse waveform, an increase of fill time (Tf) decreased the droplet velocity. The maximum velocity happened at the same pulse width, the sum of fill time and hold time (Tf + Th). In double- and triple-pulse, a voltage difference (Vd) above zero in the holding stage was adopted except the last pulse to avoid satellite drops. Suitable parameters for the selected resin were obtained and the time-saving design process was established.

Research limitations/implications

Based on the effects of parameters and observed data trends, suggested procedures to determine suitable parameters were proposed with fewer experiments.

Practical implications

This study has verified the feasibility of suggested design procedures on another resin. The required number of trials was reduced significantly.

Originality/value

This research investigated the process of driving waveform design for the multi-nozzle piezoelectric printhead. The suggested procedures of finding suitable waveform parameters can reduce experimental trials and will be applicable to other MJ 3D printers when new materials are introduced.
Human resource management practices in creating a committed workforce for fostering knowledge transfer: a theoretical framework
Authors: Ishak Nurul Amirah , Islam Md Zahidul , Sumardi Wardah Azimah
Published: June 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to review existing literature on the role of human resource management (HRM) practices in nurturing employee’s organisational commitment (OC), which subsequently promoting knowledge transfer (KT) within an organisation and propose a conceptual framework for future empirical research.

Design/methodology/approach

An extensive review of existing literature was undertaken in an attempt to build the conceptual model for KT.

Findings

The proposed conceptual framework illustrates the role of OC as a focal mediating mechanism in fostering KT. This paper identifies “high commitment” HRM (HCHRM) (e.g. staffing, job design, training and development, performance appraisal and reward system) as the factors influencing the development of OC, which subsequently affecting KT (i.e. knowledge sharing and application). Also, this paper integrates the potential moderating roles of leader-member exchange (LMX) between HCHRM practices-OC, as well as information and communication technology support in the OC-KT linkage into the proposed framework.

Research limitations/implications

This paper presents a comprehensive view of fostering KT. However, the major limitation of this paper is that it remains at a conceptual level. Further empirical investigations would be helpful to test propositions, hence validating the proposed conceptual framework.

Practical implications

The proposed conceptual framework could serve as practical guidance for managers and/or practitioners in developing policies that will facilitate KT in business organisations.

Originality/value

While KT is often viewed as a single phenomenon, this paper considers the KT into two components (i.e, sharing and application) in accordance with the practice-based perspective on knowledge and behavioural approach to KT. In addition, the adoption of the general workplace commitment model in conceptualising KT could further validate its applicability in knowledge management research. Also, the integration of LMX as a moderator in the proposed framework could contribute to the scant research on LMX-related moderation models upon validation.
An update of genetics, co‐morbidities and management of hyperuricaemia
Authors: Zhu Chunsheng , Sun Bao , Zhang Bing , Zhou Zheng
Published: June 2021

Hyperuricaemia (HU) caused by disorders of purine metabolism is a metabolic disease. A number of epidemiological reports have confirmed that HU is correlated with multiple disorders, such as chronic kidney diseases, cardiovascular disease and gout. Recent studies showed that the expression and functional changes of uric acid transporters, including URAT1, GLUT9 and ABCG2, were associated with HU. Moreover, a large number of genome‐wide association studies have shown that these transporters’ dysfunction leads to HU. In this review, we describe the recent progress of aetiology and related transporters of HU, and we also summarise the common co‐morbidities possible mechanisms, as well as the potential pharmacological and non‐pharmacological treatment methods for HU, aiming to provide new ideas for the treatment of HU.
The pandemic and the problem of compliance with safety measures: The case of Egypt
Authors: Moaddel Mansoor , El‐Zanaty Fatma , Hamed Rashad , Saeed Abdelhamid
Published: June 2021

Analysing data from a nationally representative sample of 3442 interviews conducted in Egypt in 2020, this study examines the influence of four sets of factors in predicting compliance with the advice of healthcare professionals to combat the spread of COVID‐19: demographics, knowledge and values, fear of the disease and denial, and the pandemic as a foreign invasion. The findings show that a higher likelihood of compliance is linked to socioeconomic status, awareness of the pandemic, reliance on a plurality of information sources, adherence to liberal values, and fear of the disease, but being male, young, employed, religious, fatalistic, and in denial of the severity of the pandemic lower this likelihood – all consistent with the results reported in the literature. In addition, this study highlights the link between compliance and such attributes of nationalism as national identity, national pride, the perception of the pandemic as a national event, and the willingness to sacrifice one's human right to combat the spread of the disease. Drawing on these factors, this paper suggests building societal consensus around the theme of national unity against the microparasitic invasion is the key to an effective strategy to combat the spread of the virus.
Feasibility of a screening tool for sex trafficking in an adult emergency department
Authors: Kaltiso Sheri‐Ann O. , Greenbaum V. Jordan , Moran Timothy P. , Osborne Anwar D. , Korniotes Jessica , Marazzi Grace , Clery Michael
Published: June 2021

Background

Human trafficking (HT) is a human rights violation and public health issue. People with a history of HT are likely to see a physician during their exploitation. A screening tool was developed and implemented in a busy urban emergency department (ED) to aid in the identification of this population.

Objective

The objective was to retrospectively assess a HT screening tool implemented in an urban ED and evaluate the feasibility of the tool as a component of standard emergency care.

Methods

This was a retrospective observational study conducted at an urban adult ED after the implementation of an original 11‐item HT screening tool. Adult patients 18 years and older were screened based on high‐risk chief complaints, “red flag” risk factors, or provider gestalt. All patients with a positive screen were offered the opportunity to speak to a social worker, who then determined the patients’ likely trafficking status. Data analysis was performed on this group of patients.

Results

A total of 26,974 patients were screened in the ED during 2019. Of these patients, 189 of them had a positive screen. A total of 37 patients were confirmed to have a likely sex trafficking status based on the federal definition. Eight of these patients elected to go to a community partner safe house. Positive responses to eight of the questions were significantly associated with likely sex trafficking status. Through regularized regression analysis, the predictive power of the screen was found to be derived from seven of the questions.

Conclusion

Through the implementation of this screening tool, providers in a busy urban ED were able to identify patients with an experience of sex trafficking and offer them resources using a trauma‐informed approach. This study demonstrates the feasibility of implementation of screening in the ED and identifies seven of the questions used as predictive of likely sex trafficking.
Test–retest reliability of neural alcohol cue‐reactivity: Is there light at the end of the magnetic resonance imaging tube?
Authors: Bach Patrick , Reinhard Iris , Koopmann Anne , Bumb Jan M. , Sommer Wolfgang H. , Vollstädt‐Klein Sabine , Kiefer Falk
Published: June 2021

Over the last decades, the assessment of alcohol cue‐reactivity gained popularity in addiction research, and efforts were undertaken to establish neural biomarkers. This attempt however depends on the reliability of cue‐induced brain activation. Thus, we assessed test–retest reliability of alcohol cue‐reactivity and its implications for imaging studies in addiction. We investigated test–retest reliability of alcohol cue‐induced brain activation in 144 alcohol‐dependent patients over 2 weeks. We computed established reliability estimates, such as intraclass correlation (ICC), Dice and Jaccard coefficients, for the three contrast conditions of interest: ‘alcohol’, ‘neutral’ and the ‘alcohol versus neutral’ difference contrast. We also investigated how test–retest reliability of the different contrasts affected the capacity to establishing associations with clinical data and determining effect size estimates. Whereas brain activation, indexed by the constituting contrast conditions ‘alcohol’ and ‘neutral’ separately, displayed overall moderate (ICC > 0.4) to good (ICC > 0.75) test–retest reliability in areas of the mesocorticolimbic system, the difference contrast ‘alcohol versus neutral’ showed poor overall reliability (ICC < 0.40), which was related to the intercorrelation between the constituting conditions. Data simulations and analyses of craving data confirmed that the low reliability of the difference contrast substantially limited the capacity to establish associations with clinical data and precisely estimate effect sizes. Future research on alcohol cue‐reactivity should be cautioned by the low reliability of the common ‘alcohol versus neutral’ difference contrast. We propose that this limitation can be overcome by using the constituent task conditions as an individual difference measure, when intending to longitudinally monitor brain responses.
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy with biopsy in paediatric feeding disorders
Authors: Robinson Robyn , Placone Nicholas , Katz Mitchell , Ornelas Elisa
Published: June 2021

Aim

Our aim was to evaluate upper GI pathology found endoscopically among children seen in a GI feeding clinic for persistent feeding problems compared with controls.

Methods

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy biopsy results were examined among two cohorts of children. The first group included 86 children evaluated in a gastroenterology feeding clinic for paediatric feeding disorders. A comparison was made with an age‐matched control group of 86 children referred for endoscopy for conditions other than disordered feeding.

Results

In the feeding cohort, 57% had abnormal endoscopy biopsies. These included 30% with microscopic esophagitis and 15.1% with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Among the controls, 53% had abnormal biopsies, which included 26% with microscopic esophagitis and 8% with eosinophilic esophagitis. The statistical comparison between groups included p = 0.98 for microscopic esophagitis and p = 0.15 for eosinophilic esophagitis.

Conclusion

Results demonstrated similar prevalence of abnormal endoscopy biopsies and microscopic esophagitis in both groups. The incidence of eosinophilic esophagitis in the feeding group triples that of previous reports and nearly doubles controls. Our findings suggest paediatric feeding disorders which do not resolve may warrant investigation by upper endoscopy.