bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planning Concept for the Circular Economy Industrial Park in Heyuan City
Authors: Liu Hengran
Published: January 2025

The circular economy industrial park built based on the 3R principle is not only for pursuing greater economic benefits and less resource consumption, but also an important measure for building zero-waste cities. The article first studied the circular economy industrial parks in Hong Kong and Japan, summarizing their advanced experience in pursuing lower pollution and sustainable use of materials and energy. Then the article selected Heyuan City in Guangdong Province as the object, and evaluate the necessity and feasibility of building a circular economy industrial park by analyzing the policy environment, location conditions, and current situation of general sanitation facilities. Preliminary planning will be carried out for the functional zoning, energy system, water resources system of the circular economy industrial park, and discuss the environmental protection technologies that can be applied in the proposed scenario. Finally, it is recommended that the park and enterprises minimize the impact of facilities on the surrounding environment to better integrate into the surrounding urban space.
Research on Green Construction Technology and Management Systems in Engineering Projects
Authors: Lyu Zhongye
Published: January 2025

In the context of increasingly strained global environmental resources, green building construction can achieve a win-win scenario by reducing resource consumption and environmental pollution during the construction process while simultaneously realizing economic and ecological benefits. This study primarily explores the current research on green construction technologies and management systems and their similarities and differences compared to traditional construction practices. It reflects the issues present during the construction process and assesses the current level of green construction in China, highlighting future development trends and objectives for green construction. By validating the effectiveness and significance of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology and organizational management structures, this research provides relevant insights for the green transformation of the construction industry. It offers valuable references for the continuous improvement and promotion of green construction concepts in China.
Application of ultra-high performance concrete in the marine environment
Authors: Zhang Jingtong
Published: January 2025

The development and utilization of marine resources are becoming the focus of all countries. However, the special characteristics of the marine environment pose severe durability challenges to traditional concrete materials. Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) has gradually been widely used in marine engineering due to its excellent durability and corrosion resistance. This paper discusses the basic concept of UHPC and its mechanism of action, evaluates its current application in marine engineering, and analyzes the challenges of its application in the marine environment. On this basis, this paper looks forward to the future development direction of UHPC in marine engineering, pointing out that with the progress of material science and construction technology, UHPC will play a greater role in the research and development of new types of structures and the improvement of construction technology, and promote its wide application in marine engineering.
Enhancing Energy Efficiency in Photovoltaic Systems through Smart Technology Integration: Innovations and Future Perspectives
Authors: Lin Caiwei
Published: January 2025

Photovoltaic (PV) technology, which converts solar radiation into electricity, has become a key player in the global transition to clean energy. As demand for renewable energy rises, innovations in smart artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and big data analytics are being utilized to enhance the efficiency and reliability of PV systems. The integration of these technologies into PV systems is explored in this review, focusing on how they enhance fault detection, real-time monitoring, and energy optimization. It discusses the role of AI in improving system design and performance, real-time applications leveraging IoT control and data management, and the application of big data analytics for predictive maintenance and energy forecasting. Additionally, the review addresses the environmental and economic benefits of smart PV systems, highlighting their potential for reducing carbon emissions, stabilize energy grids, and provide long-term financial savings. Despite the technological and economic challenges, smart PV systems are poised to play a critical role in future global energy infrastructures by contributing to sustainable development goals and optimizing renewable energy production.
Evaluation of the Cow’s Milk and Hen’s Egg Ladder in Daily Practice:
A Parent Perspective
Authors: Bozic Manuela , Roth Michèle S. , Martin Lina , Werder Andrea , Bellutti Enders Felicitas
Published: January 2025

Evaluation of the cow’s milk (CM) and hen’s egg (HE) ladder to improve
medical care of children with CM and/or HE allergy.

Through an anonymous retrospective online questionnaire, we
investigated parent perspectives regarding the therapy option of a CM and HE
ladder in children with CM and/or HE allergy.

Of the 54 families contacted, 29 took part in the study. 19/29
children had already completed the ladders when the survey took place. 19/29
children showed an allergic reaction during the treatment of whom 17 presented
skin rashes. 16/29 parents were anxious to rise to the next step in the
protocol. 15/29 had difficulties with the implementation of the therapy due to
the child refusing the offered food and organizational issues. Medical support
as well as the ladder as a therapy option were scored satisfactory.

The participating parents were satisfied with the therapy
option and medical care. We identified two main areas for improvement: First,
the suggested food for every step should be more diverse, according to the
families’ culture background and nutritional needs/demands. Second, to reduce
anxiety regarding the therapy, parents must be informed that although allergic
reactions are common, they remain mild. Furthermore, we will suggest step
changes under medical supervision, especially in families with a slow
progression of the food ladder. With these improvements, the duration of therapy
could be shortened, thus reducing the risk of an allergic reaction, the need for
medical care by an allergist and therefore reducing healthcare costs.
Use of Simini Protect Lavage as an Adjuvant in the Antiseptic Protocol for Revision Surgeries Involving Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Forzisi Ida , Vezzoni Luca , Bozzerla Milo , Vezzoni Aldo
Published: January 2025

Objectives Despite advances in surgical asepsis and improvements in sterile surgical techniques, surgical site infection occurs in 0.8 to 15.8% of surgical wounds. Most infections are caused by microorganisms forming biofilms that adhere to implants or dead bone and can evade host immunity and antimicrobial agents. Simini Protect Lavage (SPL) is a hypertonic aqueous solution designed to break cross-links within the extracellular polymeric substance of biofilms produced by bacteria. This study aimed to report the outcome of our total hip replacement (THR) revision cases using an SPL in addition to our standard antiseptic protocol.

Methods The medical records of patients at Vezzoni Veterinary Clinic were searched for animals undergoing a revision orthopaedic surgery involving a THR that included the use of SPL. In all patients, a minimum of 1-year follow-up and culture and a sensitivity test pre- and post-Simini Lavage were required.

Results SPL was used in 36 cases. At the beginning of surgery, culture and sensitive tests were positive in eight patients, and at the end of surgery, seven dogs were still positive for bacterial infection. Only one case, which experienced three revision surgeries, underwent explantation due to persistent, clinically evident infection. The other dogs showed neither clinical nor X-ray signs of infection over a long period.

Clinical Significance The use of SPL can be considered as an adjuvant in the antiseptic protocol for the one-stage revision THR surgeries without a plan of prosthesis explanation. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to objectively evaluate the efficacy of SPL in eradicating the postoperative infections.
Endoperoxides as Antimalarials: Development, Structural Diversity, and Pharmacodynamic Aspects of 1,2,4,5-Tetraoxane-Based Structural Scaffolds
Authors: Agarwal Alka , Patel Upendra Kumar , Alka Alka
Published: January 2025

Malaria poses a serious threat to human life and is prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas across the globe. Drugs such as quinine, chloroquine (a synthetic version of quinine), artemisinin, and its derivative compounds have been used to treat malaria. Developing highly effective chemical scaffolds with minimal toxicity is necessary because malarial parasites have become resistant to existing drugs. In this context, 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes have emerged as a crucial framework with notable antimalarial properties. To improve the effectiveness and combat resistance to various antimalarial drugs, 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes have been combined with a variety of alicyclic, aryl, heteroaryl, and spiro groups including steroid-based, aminoquinoline-based, dispiro-based, triazine-based, diaryl-based, and piperidine-based 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes. We provide an overview of the synthesis and most important in vitro and in vivo investigations carried out on hybrids based on 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane as antimalarial drugs. The future development of malaria treatment may be influenced by the structural changes in different hybrids of 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane.

1 Introduction

2 Synthetic Methods for Tetraoxanes

3 Antimalarial Activities of Tetraoxane Derivatives

3.1 Cycloalkanone-Based Tetraoxanes

3.2 Steroid-Based Tetraoxanes

3.3 Adamantane-Based Tetraoxanes

3.4 Dispiro-Based Tetraoxanes

3.5 Diaryl-Based Tetraoxanes

3.6 Di-adamantane-Based Tetraoxanes

3.7 Benzylamino- and Aryloxy-Based Tetraoxanes

3.8 Aminoquinoline-Based Tetraoxanes

3.9 2-Cyanopyrimidine-Based Tetraoxanes

4 Mannich Base Based Tetraoxanes

4.1 N-Sulfonylpiperidine-Based Tetraoxanes

4.2 N-Benzoylpiperidine-Based Tetraoxanes

5 Mechanism of Action of Dispiro-1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes

6 Conclusion
Alginate Impression Material Reinforcement Using Polymethyl Methacrylate as Organic Filler
Authors: Paskatrianto Ignatius Enrico , Takarini Veni , Usri Kosterman
Published: January 2025

Objectives Dental alginate is one of the impression materials used in dentistry to reproduce intra- and extraoral structures. Alginate is a quite affordable and easy-to-use material, but because of its lower tear strength, it still has limitations in terms of accuracy. One way to increase the tear strength of alginate is by adding fillers. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is an example of an organic filler that can be utilized as an alternative reinforcement that could effectively increase dimensional stability. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the alginate's tear strength following the addition of PMMA as organic fillers.

Materials and Methods This experimental research consisted of four group samples. Sample A served as controls, while sample B included treated samples with varying PMMA additions of 3wt% (B1), 5wt% (B2), and 7wt% (B3). Each group had five samples. The tear strength test was conducted according to ISO Standard 21563:2021 using a Universal Testing Machine, which was followed by characterization using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy.

Statistical Analysis The tear strength results were then evaluated by One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) following Tukey's test (p < 0.05).

Results The tear strength of the control sample (A) was 0.540 N/mm. Meanwhile, the treated samples had tear strengths of 0.612 N/mm (B1), 0.663 N/mm (B2), and 0.596 N/mm (B3). There was a difference between the control and the treated samples that used PMMA fillers (p < 0.05). These results are supported by SEM and FTIR results related to physical closure or blocking of the alginate porous structure and the slight changes in its functional group.

Conclusion The addition of PMMA fillers to dental alginate provides reinforcement as the tear strength increases. This could impact the accuracy of the impression especially when the material is quickly removed from the oral structures. Additional investigation may assess the biocompatibility attributes further.
Anesthetic Management of a Patient with Dilated Cardiomyopathy Undergoing Cerebral Aneurysm Clipping Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Samagh Navneh , Sah Sarita , Pruthi Gegal , Sharma Jyoti
Published: January 2025

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) necessitates prompt neurosurgical intervention. However, patients with associated dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) face higher cardiovascular instability due to sympathetic surge, stunned myocardium, and tendency to arrhythmias secondary to aSAH. We report a case of DCM and ischemic cardiac disease with a 30% ejection fraction, who presented to us with a severe headache associated with vomiting. Noncontrast computed tomography revealed hematoma in the right fronto-temporoparietal and blood in all the ventricles. Cerebral angiography showed a saccular aneurysm at the right middle cerebral artery bifurcation, thus requiring cerebral aneurysm clipping surgery. Anesthetic agents for induction and maintenance were selected and titrated to minimize cardiac depression and also avoiding systemic hypotension. A bilateral scalp block was administered to blunt sympathetic response to scalp pin application and scalp incision. Hemodynamic monitoring was done perioperatively using pulse index continuous cardiac output monitoring. The patient made an uneventful recovery from the surgery. This case highlights the importance of preoperative planning, accurate interpretation of hemodynamic measurements, and appropriate therapeutic responses to optimize outcomes in cerebral aneurysm surgery associated with DCM.
Biocompatible all carbon hollow microneedles for effective transdermal delivery
Authors: Roy Magnolia , Mondal Monojit , Ghosh Sudipta , Lahiri Pooja , Bhattacharyya Tarun Kanti
Published: January 2025

Although transdermal drug delivery has significantly progressed, it is still challenging to identify a biocompatible, mechanically consistent, scalable method. This work offers a novel approach for producing all-carbon hollow microneedles (MNs) using UV photolithography following high-temperature pyrolysis. These MNs, with dimensions of 450 µm height, 100 µm external diameter, and 80 µm internal diameter, had hitherto unheard-of mechanical and functional properties, including a hardness of 5.55 GPa and the capacity to withstand skin resistive pressures of 3.18 MPa without compromising their structural integrity. Compared to previous designs, this new method ensures accurate and consistent hollow conduits, as shown by SEM imaging, and leads to better flow rates of 111.66 µl min−1 for deionized water and 134.28 µl min−1 for ethanol. Preclinical testing further highlights their outstanding biocompatibility, low tissue inflammation, and high insertion success rates (>90%), making them ideal for real-world applications. By overcoming the drawbacks of conventional materials and methods, this work sets a new standard for carbon microelectromechanical systems technology, paving the way for safer, more effective, and scalable transdermal drug delivery systems.
The 2025 motile active matter roadmap
Authors: Gompper Gerhard , Stone Howard A , Kurzthaler Christina , Saintillan David , Peruani Fernado , Fedosov Dmitry A , Auth Thorsten , Cottin-Bizonne Cecile , Ybert Christophe , Clément Eric , Darnige Thierry , Lindner Anke , Goldstein Raymond E , Liebchen Benno , Binysh Jack , Souslov Anton , Isa Lucio , di Leonardo Roberto , Frangipane Giacomo , Gu Hongri , Nelson Bradley J , Brauns Fridtjof , Marchetti M Cristina , Cichos Frank , Heuthe Veit-Lorenz , Bechinger Clemens , Korman Amos , Feinerman Ofer , Cavagna Andrea , Giardina Irene , Jeckel Hannah , Drescher Knut
Published: January 2025

Activity and autonomous motion are fundamental aspects of many living and engineering systems. Here, the scale of biological agents covers a wide range, from nanomotors, cytoskeleton, and cells, to insects, fish, birds, and people. Inspired by biological active systems, various types of autonomous synthetic nano- and micromachines have been designed, which provide the basis for multifunctional, highly responsive, intelligent active materials. A major challenge for understanding and designing active matter is their inherent non-equilibrium nature due to persistent energy consumption, which invalidates equilibrium concepts such as free energy, detailed balance, and time-reversal symmetry. Furthermore, interactions in ensembles of active agents are often non-additive and non-reciprocal. An important aspect of biological agents is their ability to sense the environment, process this information, and adjust their motion accordingly. It is an important goal for the engineering of micro-robotic systems to achieve similar functionality. Many fundamental properties of motile active matter are by now reasonably well understood and under control. Thus, the ground is now prepared for the study of physical aspects and mechanisms of motion in complex environments, the behavior of systems with new physical features like chirality, the development of novel micromachines and microbots, the emergent collective behavior and swarming of intelligent self-propelled particles, and particular features of microbial systems. The vast complexity of phenomena and mechanisms involved in the self-organization and dynamics of motile active matter poses major challenges, which can only be addressed by a truly interdisciplinary effort involving scientists from biology, chemistry, ecology, engineering, mathematics, and physics. The 2025 motile active matter roadmap of Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter reviews the current state of the art of the field and provides guidance for further progress in this fascinating research area.
Chiral discrimination through holonomic quantum coherent control with a trapped-ion qudit
Authors: Liu Teng , Zhao Fa , Lu Pengfei , Lao Qifeng , Rao Xinxin , Ding Min , Bian Ji , Zhu Feng , Luo Le
Published: January 2025

A novel optical method for distinguishing chiral molecules is proposed and tested within a quantum simulator employing a trapped-ion qudit. This approach correlates the sign disparity of the dipole moment of chiral molecules with distinct cyclic evolution trajectories, yielding the unity population contrast induced by the different non-Abelian holonomies corresponding to the chirality. Harnessing the principles of holonomic quantum computation, our method can achieve highly efficient, non-adiabatic, and robust detection and separation of chiral molecules. Demonstrated in a trapped

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Yb
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ion testbed, this scheme achieves high contrast in the population of a specific state, showcasing its resilience to the noise inherent in the driving field.
On the Influence of Thickness Non-uniformity on Mechanical Behaviour under Small Punch Load
Authors: Pandit S. C. , Alang N. A. , Ferdous I. U. , Alias J. , Hassan M. F. , Razak N. Ab.
Published: January 2025

The Small punch (SP) test is an alternative method to determine the mechanical properties of various materials, including metallic and non-metallic. It uses a relatively small amount of material as a test sample and causes minimum damage to the components during sample extraction, giving it advantages over conventional test methods. However, preparing SP samples with accurate and uniform thickness is challenging. This issue leads to inconsistency in the mechanical properties data obtained from the SP test. The present study numerically investigates the effect of non-uniform sample thickness on the displacement-force data of alloy steel under small punch load at room temperature. The thickness of the sample varies in both radial and through-thickness directions to simulate real material conditions during the laboratory sample preparation stage. This variation in thickness is modelled in Finite Element (FE) Abaqus v6.14 software, considering axis-symmetric conditions. Appropriate load, boundary conditions, and mesh design are assigned to the model. It is found that the non-uniformity of the sample in through-thickness direction affects the displacement-force behaviour of the material. Furthermore, the stress and strain distribution are also affected. The displacement-force response, however, remains constant under the effect of radial non-uniformity. Based on the study, it can be concluded that sample preparation is a critical stage which requires exceptional attention to obtain reliable results in the SP test.
Enhancing Surface Hydrophobicity of AISI 304 Stainless Steel via Laser Texturing
Authors: Isa Rahim M. , Aqida S.N. , Salwani M.S. , Ahmad Syarizan S.
Published: January 2025

The wettability performance of 304 stainless steel surfaces that were treated by multipulse laser processing under different parameters is studied in this paper. For modifying the surface of stainless steel, we used an x-y computer numerical control (CNC) fibre laser system with a 1064 nm wavelength. The hydrophobicity of all surfaces was evaluated through water contact angles (WCA) at different translational speeds (20–150 mm/s) and laser powers (4–20 W). Results show a spectrum of surface wettability ranging from hydrophilic (WCA<90°) to hydrophobic properties (90<WCA<150°). Hydrophobic surfaces were mainly associated with the samples processed at higher speeds and power settings while hydrophilic results were observed due to lower speeds and power settings. The highest hydrophobicity of WCA = 142.05° was obtained at a speed of 20 mm/s and laser power of 8 W. Meanwhile, the highest degree of hydrophilicity was observed at a speed of 20 mm/s and the lowest power level of 4 W, which possessed a WCA of 62.49°. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of laser parameters in the surface wettability modification process. These results are significant to applications requiring specific surface characteristics, such as anti-slip, anti-fog and self-cleaning. The findings provide a comprehensive review of the application of laser processing in preparing surface treatment with suitable properties for various industrial and biomedical applications.
Artificial intelligence-Based Detection of Unattended Child Presence in Vehicles
Authors: Jefri Nur Atikah , Saruchi Sarah ‘Atifah , Aziz Radhiyah Abd , Nordin Muhammad Aqil Hafizzan , Jawi Zulhaidi Mohd
Published: January 2025

The issue of unattended children in vehicles is a critical concern due to the significant risks it poses, including fatalities and heat strokes, necessitating immediate attention. Therefore, this study proposes an unattended child presence detection system in vehicles via Convolutional Neural Networks. The methodology begins with the collection of data through images captured using a doll to simulate a child’s presence inside vehicles. These images are used for training the CNN models, which utilize state-of-the-art architectures such as ResNet and MobileNet. Through rigorous simulations, the CNN models achieved a commendable training accuracy exceeding 90%. This high accuracy underscores the effectiveness of the proposed approach in accurately detecting the presence of unattended children in various real-world scenarios. The findings underscore the efficacy of deep learning techniques in addressing critical safety concerns related to unattended children in vehicles. The high accuracy rate indicates that the proposed system can reliably detect a child’s presence, potentially preventing tragic incidents. The research concludes that integrating such deep learning-based detection systems in vehicles can significantly enhance child safety. Future research directions could explore enhancing the system’s robustness to diverse environmental conditions and vehicle types. Additionally, integrating real-time monitoring and alert systems could further enhance the system’s practical application and effectiveness in preventing incidents involving unattended children.
Extreme Learning Machine Optimization Based on Eel and Grouper Optimizer for Gear Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Harith M. K. , Firdaus Isham M. , Amirulaminnur R. , Saufi M. S. R. , Saad W. A. A. , Hasan M. D. A. , Talib M. H. A.
Published: January 2025

The reliability, dependability, and sustainability of machinery are essential for enhancing industrial productivity and efficiency. Any instances of machine components failing or malfunctioning can lead to unforeseen downtime and financial repercussions. In response, this research introduces a maintenance method for mechanical components that focuses on diagnosing gear failures through the utilization of an extreme learning machine (ELM) optimization technique known as Eel and Grouper Optimizer (EGO). A series of gear vibration signals sourced from an online repository, comprised of both operational and faulty data, were utilized to assess the proposed methodology. The EGO methodology was implemented to ascertain an optimal configuration for the ELM approach, specifically focusing on determining the appropriate number of neurons, input weight, and bias range values. The results suggest that the proposed strategy improves the classification accuracy of ELM by 14% compared to conventional method. This approach is also transferable to other industries seeking to enhance the dependability and sustainability of their facilities.
Steel Patch Reinforcement Effects on Defective I-Beams: Experimental and FEA Study
Authors: Marzuki Mohd Naim , Yob Mohd Shukri , Latif Mohd Juzaila Abdul , Kurdi Ojo , Izahar Mohd Mustafa
Published: January 2025

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of steel patch reinforcements in restoring the structural integrity of thin-walled I-beams with defects, an essential focus for improving infrastructure safety and durability. The research examines original and defective I-beam specimens through experimental testing and finite element analysis (FEA). Defective beams with 20 mm x 20 mm flaws were reinforced with 35 mm x 50 mm steel patches, and their flexural strength was tested under four-point bending. Models created in CATIA and analyzed in ANSYS revealed discrepancies between FEA simulations and experimental data, especially in defective beams. Refining the FEA model using a 3 mm triangular element significantly improved simulation accuracy, with optimal boundary conditions determined at the stiffeners. These findings confirm that steel patch reinforcements can effectively restore the load-bearing capacity of compromised I-beams, underscoring the importance of FEA validation to ensure accurate structural assessments and more resilient infrastructure.
Comparison of Conventional and Non-conventional Manufacturing processes for Production of Motorbike Helmet - A Life Cycle Assessment Approach
Authors: Aboraas Mohammed Yousef , Rehman Ahmed , Gulzar Saad
Published: January 2025

This study presents a comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of helmet manufacturing processes, focusing on Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) and conventional manufacturing methods. The research evaluates environmental impacts across three key categories: Global Warming Potential (GWP), Non-renewable Energy Consumption, and Ozone Layer Depletion. Results reveal that helmets produced via FDM exhibit significantly higher environmental impacts—13 times greater GWP, seven times higher non-renewable energy use, and fifteen times more severe ozone depletion compared to conventional methods. These disparities stem from FDM’s energy-intensive nature and reliance on non-renewable resources. To mitigate these challenges, recommendations include adopting renewable energy in production, improving energy efficiency in 3D printing technologies, and transitioning to eco-friendly materials. These measures aim to align helmet manufacturing with global sustainability objectives, particularly Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 9, 11, and 12, and promote sustainable manufacturing practices. By providing actionable insights, this study contributes to advancing greener industrial methods and informs industry stakeholders and policymakers in their pursuit of environmental sustainability.
Application of Laser-induced Fluorescence for Thickness and Temperature Measurement in Microchannel
Authors: Rosli Nurrina , Zailani Nina Ainatulmardhiah A
Published: January 2025

Effective thermal management in microfluidic devices depends on precise temperature measurement, which is crucial for processes such as drug release and food packaging. This study investigates the use of Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) as a non-intrusive method for temperature measurement in microchannels fabricated using micron-sized shims. Initially, the channel thickness was validated using the LIF method with Coumarin 153 (C153) dye, which revealed minor thickness measurement errors that had a negligible impact on temperature sensitivity trends. For temperature measurement within the microchannel, Rhodamine B (RhB), a highly sensitive and water-soluble fluorescent dye was employed. The findings show a temperature sensitivity ranging from -0.1%/°C to -0.4%/°C, which remains reliable despite the use of low laser power output with a wavelength relatively far from the maximum absorption of RhB. Future studies could enhance temperature sensitivity by considering the trade-off between laser power output and dye concentration, further improving this approach for various microfluidic applications.
The Effect of Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polymer fins in Compact Heat Exchanger
Authors: Alshameri M.H , Azizuddin A.A , Arshad A. , Sadeq Safwan.
Published: January 2025

Carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced polymer composites have shown great potential for the fabrication of compact fins-and-tube heat exchangers due to their excellent thermal and mechanical properties. The incorporation of 2% CNTs into the polymer matrix significantly enhances thermal conductivity and mechanical strength. Experimental results demonstrate a notable improvement in heat dissipation efficiency, with an overall heat transfer coefficient enhancement of up to 16%. The fins, measuring 120 mm wide, 120 mm long, and 2 mm thick, were successfully constructed and tested, resulting in a peak local heat transfer coefficient of 183.83 W/m²·°C. These findings suggest that CNT reinforced polymer fins can effectively serve as lightweight, corrosion-resistant alternatives to traditional metallic fins in heat exchanger applications.
Vacancy and Antisite-Induced Ferromagnetism in Liquid-Phase Exfoliated Bi2Te3
Authors: Gómez Viviana , Saenz Maria Jose , Canaval Ruiz Johanns Mauricio , Cuadrado Liliana , Espejo Camilo , López-Pérez William , Hernandez Yenny
Published: January 2025

Bismuth Telluride (Bi2Te3) is a widely studied topological insulator, recognized for its unique surface states, low electronic bandgap, and low thermal conductivity. In this study, we characterize exfoliated Bi2Te3 dispersions produced via solvothermal intercalation, where ferromagnetism was measured at room temperature. DFT simulations show that this ferromagnetic behavior is attributed to the presenceof vacancies and antisites in both the bulk material and the exfoliated crystals. Additionally, the DFT results were complemented by experimental measurements of the optical bandgap using UV-Vis spectroscopy, revealing a broadening of the bandgapas the material becomes thinner.
Experimental Investigations of Mechanical and Water Absorption Behavior of Basalt/Jute Bio Composite
Authors: Singh Shweta , Gupta Pankaj Kumar , Rathore Ram Krishna
Published: January 2025

With the growing interest in eco-friendly composites, this study investigates the impact of stacking sequence on the mechanical properties, water absorption behavior, and fabrication quality of hybrid Basalt and Jute composites. Using the hand layup method, six stacking configurations were evaluated for tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness performance, along with water absorption under distilled water, saline water, and moist sand conditions. Results revealed significant enhancements in mechanical properties, with Basalt-Jute-Jute-Basalt (BJJB) achieving a 231% improvement in tensile strength compared to the Jute-Jute-Jute-Jute (JJJJ) baseline. The Jute-Basalt-Basalt-Jute (JBBJ) configuration exhibited the highest flexural strength of 166.6 MPa, while Basalt- Jute-Basalt-Jute (BJBJ) demonstrated superior resistance to moisture and the lowest void fraction (1.459%), indicative of high fabrication quality. SEM analysis identified fiber pullout, matrix cracking, and interfacial debonding as critical failure mechanisms. These findings highlight the potential of hybrid Basalt-Jute composites as cost-effective, high-performance materials suitable for lightweight and sustainable structural applications in automotive, marine, and construction industries.
Big Data and Privacy
Authors: Dell Nathaniel A.
Published: January 2025

Big Data can provide useful insights for advancing social work research and practice, although the collection of large amounts of personal data, linkage of disparate data sources, and advances in artificial intelligence (AI) pose significant privacy risks to individuals in broader society, and particularly those served through health and social care settings. The conversion of more aspects of everyday life into data, coupled with the increased capability to store and link data, creates new risks for private data breaches, data leakage, re-identification, and other privacy concerns. Despite the potential benefits of Big Data, many social workers still serve within agencies that lack the technical resources, relative to workers in other industries, such as marketing firms or political campaigns, to leverage data efficiently to plan, design, implement, and evaluate programs. As Big Data become more ubiquitous, ethical guidelines have evolved to address issues related to privacy in information and communication technologies. Yet with rapid changes in technology, particularly with respect to AI, social workers may find it difficult to stay abreast of current measures for best safeguarding client privacy and preventing Big Data-related harms.
Minimally invasive versus open lateral pancreaticojejunostomy in patients with painful chronic pancreatitis: systematic review
Authors: Montorsi Roberto M , Francken Michiel F G , Boermeester Marja A , Busch Olivier R , Daams Freek , Hackert Thilo , Haen Roel , Hollmann Markus W , van Santvoort Hjalmar C , Besselink Marc G
Published: January 2025

Background

Patients with painful chronic pancreatitis combined with a dilated main pancreatic duct and a normal size pancreatic head are treated according to guidelines by lateral pancreaticojejunostomy (LPJ). This systematic review compared outcomes of minimally invasive LPJ and open LPJ.

Methods

From 1 January 2000 until 13 November 2023, series reporting on minimally invasive LPJ and open LPJ in patients with symptomatic chronic pancreatitis were included. This study was structured in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The primary outcome was intraoperative and postoperative complications. Secondary outcomes included long-term clinical outcomes.

Results

Overall, 19 retrospective studies were included. Morbidity rate ranged from 0% to 57% after minimally invasive LPJ versus 4% to 68% after open LPJ (median: 25, i.q.r.: 23). Length of hospital stay ranged from 5 to 7 days after minimally invasive LPJ and from 6 to 16 days after open LPJ. The rate of pain relief ranged from 62% to 91% after open LPJ (median: 78.5, i.q.r.: 23) and from 71% to 100% (median: 82.5, i.q.r.: 12.5) after minimally invasive LPJ respectively. New-onset endocrine insufficiency ranged from 21% to 22% in minimally invasive LPJ and 19% to 26% after open LPJ. New-onset exocrine insufficiency was shown in 11% to 27% in minimally invasive LPJ versus 8% to 26% after open LPJ. Weight gain ranged from 60% to 100% (median: 97, i.q.r.: 23) after minimally invasive LPJ.

Discussion

This systematic review suggested that minimally invasive LPJ can be performed safely in selected patients with symptomatic chronic pancreatitis. Phase 2 randomized trials should assess potential short-term benefits such as postoperative pain and length of hospital stay after minimally invasive LPJ.
Influence of genetic and environmental factors on transverse growth
Authors: Al-Obaidi Sameer , Papageorgiou Spyridon N , Saade Marianne , Caradonna Kristina M , Kantarci Alpdogan , Will Leslie , Motro Melih
Published: January 2025

Objectives

The aim of the study was to determine the genetic and environmental effects on transverse growth of craniofacial structures, within and between identical and fraternal twins.

Methods

The sample consisted of 142 children in total, divided into 29 pairs of monozygotic twins, 42 pairs of dizygotic twins, and 1 set of dizygotic triplets. Postero-anterior cephalometric radiographs were taken at the ages of 9, 12, and 15 years. Intercanine width, maxillary width, mandibular width, nasal width, and facial width variables were measured. The genetic and environmental components of variance were analyzed with structural equation modeling for multilevel mixed effects.

Results

Intercanine width was initially mainly characterized by a moderate genetic component at 9 years (53%), with environmental influence increasing at age 12 (36%) and peaking at 15 years (84%). Maxillary width was under strong genetic influence at 9 years (70%), with genetic influence remaining strong up to 15 years (73%). Mandibular width was under additive genetic influence at 9 years (76%), with dominant genetic influence remaining high at 15 years (81%). Nasal width was under strong additive genetic influence at 9 years (69%) but switched to increased environmental influence at 15 years (59%). Finally, facial width had a moderate genetic influence at 9 years (66%), which increased at 15 years (90%).

Limitations

This study included patients of European descent, which may limit the generalizability of the findings to other ethnic groups.

Conclusions

Although monozygotic and dizygotic twins share at least part of their genetic material, environmental factors accounted for about 10%–84% of variability at various ages, with intercanine width being most affected.
Increasing and Diversifying the Primary Care Physician Workforce
Authors: Penn Dolly C , Oladeinde Yewande A , Avilés-Santa Larissa , Pérez-Stable Eliseo J
Published: January 2025

The lack of an adequate primary care physician workforce has been a decades-long challenge facing the delivery of healthcare in the United States of America (USA). Previous research has highlighted how strengthening the nation’s primary care infrastructure is a critical part of improving the nation’s health. Strengthening the infrastructure may also be a strategy for addressing the disproportionate burden of poor health and health outcomes experienced by underserved populations. But, little attention has been focused on how the primary care workforce may affect health disparities. This commentary highlights the importance of the provision of primary care services for populations that experience health disparities, ways that the primary care workforce shortage affects these populations, and potential solutions to expand the reach of the current workforce and to build a diverse workforce to meet the growing needs of the increasingly diverse US population.
Vintage and terroir are the strongest determinants of grapevine carposphere microbiome in the viticultural zone of Drama, Greece
Authors: Bekris Fotios , Papadopoulou Elena , Vasileiadis Sotirios , Karapetsas Nikolaos , Theocharis Serafeim , Alexandridis Thomas K , Koundouras Stefanos , Karpouzas Dimitrios G
Published: January 2025

The role of microbial terroir for enhancing the geographical origin of wines is well appreciated. Still, we lack a good understanding of the assembly mechanisms driving carposphere grapevine microbiota. We investigated the role of cultivar, vintage, terroir units (TUs), and vineyard geographic location on the composition of the carpospheric microbiota of three important cultivars in the viticultural zone of Drama, Greece using amplicon sequencing. Our strategy to define TUs based on georeferencing analysis allowed us to disentangle the effects of TU and vineyards geographic location, considered as a lumped factor in most studies to date. We hypothesized that (i) these factors contribute differently on the assembly of the carposphere microbiome and that (ii) fungal and bacterial communities follow different assembly mechanisms. Vintage and TU were the stronger determinants of the carposphere fungal and bacterial communities, although the latter showed weaker response. The stronger effect of TU over vineyard geography and cultivar reinforces the role of microbial terroir in viticulture. We identified fungi (Cladosporium, Aureobasidium, Alternaria) and bacteria (Pseudomonas, Methylobacterium, Sphingomonadaceae) as main members of the core microbiome. These microorganisms were associated with specific cultivars and TUs, a feature that could be pursued towards a new microbiome-modulated paradigm of viticulture.
Shotgun metagenomics reveals the flexibility and diversity of Arctic marine microbiomes
Authors: Freyria Nastasia J , de Oliveira Thais C , Meng Arnaud , Pelletier Eric , Lovejoy Connie
Published: January 2025

Polar oceanographic regions are exposed to rapid changes in temperature, salinity, and light fields that determine microbial species distributions, but resilience to an increasingly unstable climate is unknown. To unravel microbial genomic potential of the Northern Baffin Bay’s polynya, we constructed eight metagenomes from the same latitude but targeting two sides of Pikialasorsuaq (The North Water) that differ by current systems, stratification, and temperature regimes. Samples from the surface and subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) of both sides were collected 13 months apart. Details of metabolic pathways were determined for 18 bacteria and 10 microbial eukaryote metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). The microbial eukaryotic MAGs were associated with the dominant green algae in the Mamiellales and diatoms in the Mediophyceae, which tended to respectively dominate the eastern and western sides of Pikialasorsuaq. We show that microbial community taxonomic and functional signatures were ca. 80% similar at the latitude sampled with only 20% of genes associated with local conditions. From the metagenomes we found genes involved in osmotic regulation, antifreeze proteins, and photosystem protection, with hydrocarbon biodegradation and methane oxidation potential detected. The shared genomic compliment was consistent with adaptation to the Arctic’s extreme fluctuating conditions, with implications for their evolutionary history and the long-term survival of a pan-arctic microbiome. In particular, previously unrecognized genetic capabilities for methane bio-attenuation and hydrocarbon metabolism in eukaryotic phytoplankton suggest adaptation to dark conditions that will remain, despite climate warming, in the high latitude offshore waters of a future Arctic.
Led astray by 16S rRNA: phylogenomics reaffirms the monophyly of Methylobacterium and lack of support for Methylorubrum as a genus
Authors: Alleman Alexander B , Stolyar Sergey , Marx Christopher J , Leducq Jean-Baptiste
Published: January 2025

Although the 16S (and 18S) rRNA gene has been an essential tool in classifying prokaryotes, using a single locus to revise bacteria taxonomy can introduce unwanted artifacts. There was a recent proposition to split the Methylobacterium genus, which contains diverse plant-associated strains and is important for agriculture and biotechnology, into two genera. Resting strongly on the phylogeny of 16S rRNA, 11 species of Methylobacterium were transferred to a newly proposed genus Methylorubrum. Numerous recent studies have independently questioned Methylorubrum as a valid genus, but the prior revision has left discrepancies among taxonomic databases. Here, we review phylogenomic and phenotypic evidence against Methylorubrum as a genus and call for its abandonment. Because Methylobacterium sensu lato forms a consistent and monophyletic genus, we argue for the restoration of the former and consensual Methylobacterium taxonomy. The large genomic, phenotypic, and ecological diversity within Methylobacterium however suggests complex evolutionary and adaptive processes and support the description of the most basal clade of Methylobacterium (group C) as a distinct genus in future work. Overall, this perspective demonstrates the danger of solely relying upon the 16S rRNA gene as a delimiter of genus level taxonomy and that further attempts must include more robust phenotypic and phylogenomic criteria.
PenoMeter: a machine learning and algorithmic tool to advance Peyronie’s disease assessment
Authors: Soltani Reza , Balapour Ali , Witherspoon Luke , Alhamam Abdullah , Flannigan Ryan , Hach Faraz
Published: January 2025

Background

Peyronie’s disease curvature assessment is a critical step for patient assessment; however, tools for objective, unbiased, and reproducible quantification are currently limited.

Aim

To develop an automated computational tool to identify the penis from a 2D image and to accurately and reproducibly measure the degree of angulation.

Methods

We developed PenoMeter using instance segmentation to identify penile anatomical components, key point detection to identify shaft corners, geometric calculations to locate and measure the angulation of the point of maximal curvature. We trained our model on training datasets and evaluated the PenoMeter using a separate dataset of digital penile images.

Outcomes

The PenoMeter is an artificial intelligence-powered assistive diagnostic toolkit that can automatically assess the curvature angle of penile 2D images that holds potential for healthcare practitioners to use in assistance for PD assessments.

Results

The PenoMeter’s reported angulation, relative to the mean angulation reported by three subspecialized urologists, falls within their range of variability in 57 out of 66 cases (86%) and outside their range of variability in 9 out of 66 cases (14%) of digital images. The PenoMeter demonstrated no intra-observer variance (0°) in repeated measures over time compared to the three subspecialized urologists who demonstrated intra-observer variability between by 3.8° to 7.8°.

Clinical and Translational Implications

The PenoMeter can be utilized for initial PD assessment and tracking treatment outcomes in time-series data for both clinical and research contexts.

Strengths and Limitations

Strengths of the PenoMeter include unbiased and objective quantification of penile curvature. Furthermore, it demonstrates no intra-observer variability, making it appealing for evaluating time-series digital images. Limitations of the PenoMeter include the lack of a measure of confidence for curvature assessment. Detection and measurement of other forms of PD deformities such as indentations, hourglass deformities, torque and distal tapering require further development. Finally, accurate curvature quantification is reliant on reproducibly acquiring accurate digital images and an accurate and consistent assessment of penile rigidity; therefore, a well-defined process for image acquisition and clinician assessment of penile rigidity immediately prior to digital photo capture would be required to enhance accuracy of obtaining a representatively accurate image for processing.

Conclusions

The PenoMeter’s performance in penile curvature assessment of digital photos are objective, accurate and reproducible, and therefore carries potential to assist clinicians’ initial PD assessments and treatment outcome tracking. However, the PenoMeter is not currently positioned to replace the current gold-standard in-office assessment.