bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and Microsimulation of Road Segment Performance in Densely Populated Areas Using PTV Vissim ( Case Study: P Suryanata Street, Samarinda)
Authors: Pitoyo Pitoyo , Badiuzaman Achmad
Published: August 2024

Prince Suryanata Street is a connecting road between the North Samarinda District of Samarinda City and the Tenggarong District of Kutai Kartanegara Regency. Frequent congestion of all types of vehicles, both entering and exiting the center of Samarinda City, causes traffic jams on this road segment. Additionally, the high population density in the area around Prince Suryanata Street also contributes to the heavy traffic. The traffic problems on Prince Suryanata Street in Samarinda City are now being felt by road users. One issue that further worsens the traffic conditions is the poor performance of the road segments. Therefore, an evaluation of the road is necessary. The traffic flow volumes are as follows: Monday, 9834.75 pcu/hour; Friday, 5911.95 pcu/hour; and Saturday, 5690.8 pcu/hour. The highest traffic volume occurs on Monday due to various school activities and community activities around the observation location. The analysis results show that Prince Suryanata Street experiences high traffic density, especially during peak hours, leading to a decline in road service quality. The current capacity (C) is 244.76 pcu/hour, the degree of saturation (ds) is 1.68, and the Level of Service (LoS) is rated at class F. For the 10-year forecasting, the projected capacity (C) is 6397.44 pcu/hour, the degree of saturation (ds) is 0.95, and the Level of Service (LoS) is anticipated to be in class D.
Explorando estudos sobre sistemas de equações lineares: o GeoGebra à luz da Teoria Antropológica do Didático
Authors: Figueiredo Talyta Sampaio , Almeida Fernando Emilio Leite de , Rodrigues Rochelande Felipe
Published: August 2024

Sabemos que a integração das tecnologias digitais vem se apresentando como um importante instrumento que auxilia o processo educativo. Nesse sentido, o artigo em questão aborda, em sua estrutura, um recorte de uma pesquisa desenvolvido por meio de um mapeamento bibliográfico e tem como principal objetivo, realizar um levantamento de pesquisas envolvendo a Teoria Antropológica do Didático (TAD), sistemas de equações lineares e o GeoGebra. A pesquisa é de cunho qualitativo. Para a realização do estudo, nos amparamos na metodologia adaptada por Cavalcanti (2015), a qual aborda uma forma descritiva do mapeamento vertical e horizontal, para seleção dos territórios pesquisados.Vale destacar que esse modelo é proposto pela autora Biembengut (2008), que apresenta o Mapeamento na Pesquisa Educacional. Nesse sentido, destacamos que nenhum dos territórios nos quais realizamos a busca aborda a temática de sistemas de equações lineares, com a utilização do software GeoGebra, sob um olhar da TAD, com a finalidade de analisar as praxeologias apresentadas da passagem do campo algébrico para o geométrico, com alunos do ensino médio. Consideramos a temática pertinente, pois aponta contribuições significativas para pesquisadores que almejam aprofundar-se nesse viés.
Sosialisasi Pemilihan Kepala Desa sebagai Sarana Mewujudkan Kedaulatan Masyarakat Desa di Desa Sabuhur Kecamatan Jorong Kabupaten Tanah Laut
Authors: Syahrin Muhammad Najeri Al
Published: August 2024

Sosialisasi pemilu selama ini masih menggunakan model strategi yang sama untuk semua khalayak, baik para pemilih perkotaan maupuan masyarakat pedesaan. Padahal para pemilih memiliki karakteristik demografi, sosial ekonomi, budaya dan keunikan yang berbeda. Teridentifikasi kesulitan bagi para pemilih di kawasan pedesaan untuk menentukan hak pilih dalam pemilu karena keterbatasan informasi mengenai sistem dan teknis pemilihan kepala desa. Kondisi ini dikhawatirkan akan menyebabkan para pemilih memutuskan untuk bersikap abai terhadap pemilu (golput) termasuk juga dalam kegiatan pemilihan kepala desa. Kegiatan ini dilakukan melalui kombinasi metode pendidikan masyarakat dan metode pelatihan. Metode Pendidikan dilakukan dengan metode sosialisasi pada masyarakat desa sehingga mereka bisa menerapkan pengatahuan tersebut dan menggunakan hak pilihnya. Sedangkan metode pelatihan yaitu metode kegiatan yang melibatkan substansi kegiatan yang disertai dengan demonstrasi atau percontohan untuk realisasinya. Dalam metode ini diberikan simulasi latihan mengenai kepemiluan sehingga para pemilih bisa menerapkan tata cara dan praktik pilkades secara lebih teknis. Para penduduk desa yang mengkuti kegiatan sangat antusias mendengarkan pelatihan yang disampaikan, hal ini terlihat dari banyaknya penduduk desa yang bertanya dan ingin mendapatkan penjelasan lebih mendalam tentang bagaimana cara memilih yang baik, termasuk memilih kandidat dalam pemilu.
English Curricula in ASEAN Selected Countries: A Comparative Study
Authors: Nuraeni Cicih , Priadi Agus , Lengkanawati Nenden Sri
Published: August 2024

To ensure the development of the ASEAN Economic Community, ASEAN countries must use English as the common language of business, education, and social life. Indeed, several ASEAN nations have embraced English as a second language, but many also consider English to be a foreign language. Especially in the field of education, adjustments to the English curriculum have also been implemented. The curriculum is designed to meet the educational goals of a nation as a set of plans and instructions regarding objectives, content, and learning materials, as well as the methodology used as a direction for completing learning activities. This study compares the English curricula in ASEAN selected countries at the university level. A research-based paper was used as the research approach. The findings indicated that the English curriculum is implemented differently in the four ASEAN nations of Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, and Malaysia. English goals and objectives, materials and content, method, and assessments are all compared as a foundation for curriculum development of university level in Indonesia. This study suggests that more research be conducted to compare the English curricula of countries that use English as a Second Language (ESL) so that it might be adopted by nations that use English as a Foreign Language (EFL).
The Use of Podcast as Media for Listening: An Experimental Research at the University of Jambi
Authors: Habizar Habizar , Wijaya Mochamad Satriya
Published: August 2024

This research aimed to determine whether there were significant differences in students' listening comprehension before and after being taught to use podcast media and their experiences using podcasts as a learning tool for listening. The researcher used a pre-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test design. The participants in this study were second-semester English Study Program students at Jambi University for the academic year 2023–2024. One class consist 25 students were used as the research sample in this study. The pre-test and post-test results revealed a significant difference in students' listening comprehension scores before and after being taught using media podcasts. Before using podcasts to teach them, students took a listening pre-test and got an overall mean score of 47.84. Following treatment, students' overall mean scores on the post-test in the listening test increased by 71.20. After done with the post-test, the students were given a questionnaire to know their experience after using podcasts as media for learning to listen. Based on the finding, it concluded students' listening comprehension could be enhanced by using podcast media.
Deconstructing American Stereotypes in The White Lotus Season 2
Authors: Rosyadi Nadira Febiela , Alfarisy Fitri
Published: August 2024

This study employs Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to examine American stereotypes portrayed in American television series. Characters from the second season of the acclaimed television series The White Lotus are analyzed, with a focus on their physical appearance and personalities. The primary objective is to determine if American media still perpetuates common stereotypes of its people in a recent popular TV show. The research employs descriptive qualitative and descriptive quantitative methodology to provide a thorough analysis. The characters’ physical appearance is analyzed based on ethnicity and physical characteristics, while their personalities and sociocultural contexts are analyzed using Norman Fairclough’s CDA. The findings reveal a diverse representation of American ethnicity among the characters, although a large proportion of them are portrayed as white. The series' textual analysis shows Americans as sociable, arrogant, open and straightforward. The accurate representation of white characters as wealthy aligns with historical data; however, the increasing wealth among other racial groups highlights the need for broader representation. By addressing these issues, in particular American stereotypes, it will be possible to promote a more accurate, equal and inclusive portrayal of the real American society as media can be extremely important in influencing public opinions and shaping society's perceptions. In conclusion, this research sheds light on the persistence of American stereotypes in American media and highlights the significance of critically analyzing media portrayals to promote more accurate and inclusive portrayals of diverse communities within American society, to erase the stereotypes that have been widely spread around the world.
he Use of Wordwall Web Applications in Improving English Vocabulary
Authors: Wulandari Wita , Sari Rita Karmila , Anggraeni Ni Ketut Pertiwi
Published: August 2024

The importance of vocabulary is expected to be a provision for individuals in developing the ability to communicate and socialize in a global society. The first step A new language is absorbed, indeed, by enriching vocabularies of the new language before finally learning the rules and the context. The introduction of vocabulary can be started with simple vocabulary until, it forms a sentence or paragraph. One of the efforts to enrich vocabularies is through interactive learning, one of which is the use of Wordwall web applications. Wordwall is a web-based application that can be used as learning media such as interactive quizzes, pairings, random words, and anagrams. From the field observations, it appeared that the interest in learning English by students of Informatics study program is very high, but they have difficulty expressing their thoughts in English due to the lack of vocabulary. Regarding this, research was designed in the form of a class action research. The research was conducted in three cycles in which the first cycle was before using Wordwall and another two cycles were conducted after using Wordwall. Each cycle provided data in a form of students’ scores.  The results of this study revealed an increase in vocabulary understanding after conducting learning and tests using the Wordwall Web Application.
Innovative and Interactive Online English Teaching Methods at 12th Grade Majoring DKV in SMK Buddhi Kota Tangerang
Authors: Faisal Faisal , Anggraini Anggraini , Yastanti Unpris
Published: August 2024

Nowadays, due to the pandemic and other problems, the establishment of physical classes is a big headache for both students and teachers, due to which the education system all over the world is shifted to the online system from the physical system Advance technologies such as the Internet of Things are playing a significant part in various sectors of life such as health, business, and education. The results found in this research are that a teacher who teaches at 12th grade majoring DKV in SMK Buddhi has implemented innovative and interactive teaching methods which include Teacher methods, group discussions, learning by doing, question and answer sessions, think-pair-share, buzz sessions, use of different learning tools than before and experimental learning.
Storytelling of DKV’s Students on the Literacy Skills by Using Photos of Lawang Sewu as an Icon of Semarang
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati , Yohana Fenti Mariska , Widyastuti Myta , Rosida Ida
Published: August 2024

Speaking issues among students also include anxiousness and a lack of confidence. They could experience emotions like timidity, worry, nervousness, anxiety, and lack of confidence that impact their ability to communicate in English. It has become a major issue for the pupils if they do not think they are capable of speaking. The use of visual media in storytelling enhances its participatory nature. One technique used by educators to convey their learning experiences to children is storytelling. The storytelling learning approach has an impact on children''s capacity to talk because it makes it easy for them to acquire language skills in both simple spoken words they use and spoken words they hear. Posters, pictures, puppets, lifelike objects and statues, and flashcards are examples of media that tell stories.Natural settings were used for doing qualitative research. The items in qualitative research need to be analyzed and constructed in a clearer manner. The photos was chosen as a medium for DKV students'' media storytelling because it is engaging, teaches visual design, tells stories, and is essential to analyzing the students'' verbal literacy. Teachers and lecturers need to be more imaginative in today''s globalized classroom, especially when it comes to digital learning. Because of the anticipated learning objectives, these educational activities are enjoyable and engaging rather than dry and methodical.People in today''s technology age run the risk of becoming overwhelmed by the fast and limitless flow of information if they lack literacy skills abilities. Furthermore, DKV students'' greater originality depends heavily on their creativity. According to Yani Fitriyani et al. (2021) it refers to the ability of a person to come up with new concepts and inventions that reduce monotony, especially for pupils. Since it keeps learning from getting boring and not getting the most out of it, creativity is crucial. Student comprehension and academic performance may suffer if the advantages of learning are not maximized (Muhammad Wdaji, et al., 2021). Thus, students'' comprehension, as well as their engagement and enjoyment in the learning process, are greatly influenced by the originality of their teachers. Because storytelling effectively involves both the storyteller and the listener, focusing their attention on the medium used to transmit the story, it can be utilized to develop thinking skills. The term "storytelling method" describes the oral narration of a story it sets itself apart from other storytelling techniques by stressing its technical elements.
Development of Learning Trajectory for Project-Based Learning (PjBL) Model to Construct Foundational Literacies for Elementary School Students
Authors: Rohman Fatkhur , Astuti Nelly , Maryam Eka , Erni Erni , Azzahra Mia , Hermawan Jody Setya
Published: August 2024

Learning trajectories oriented towards Foundational Literacies such as reading literacy, communication skills, and critical thinking need to be developed to prepare learners to face the changes of the 21st century. Learning access in Phase C requires the student to have the ability to adapt to the purpose and social context, show an interest in the text, and be able to understand, process, and interpret information. While the thinking stage of the SD pupil according to Piaget's theory, is in the concrete operational stage, therefore learning in Phase C is considered difficult for SD pupils. Teachers have not fully implemented the development of learning actively, and creatively in involving students and have not used various learning models based on the character of the learning material. That affects the achievement of the Foundational Literacies of the lower pupils. This research aims to develop a learning trajectory model of PjBL that can build the Foundational Literacies of the students in studying a topic set in Phase C. Design research used in this research comprises three stages, namely: (1) preparing for the experiment; (2) design experiment; and (3) retrospective analysis. The results of the implementation of the first prototype give a significant impact on the change in the Foundational Literacies before and after learning, but when referring to the criteria of achievement of the learning objective holistically is still in fairly good interpretation. Re-development of the learning trajectory resulting in prototype II. The implementation of the second prototype achieved an average N-Gain score of the experimental class of 78.31% and the control class has a score of 54.20%, the results of this study indicate that the Learning Trajectory for the PjBL Model effectively imply building Foundational Literacies.
The Effects of Acupressure on Postoperative Gastrointestinal Function and Pain in Women with Hysterectomy: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Yavaş Merve , Yıldırım Varışoğlu Yeliz
Published: August 2024

Background: Hysterectomy is one of the most commonly performed abdominal surgeries. Postoperative pain, nausea, and vomiting are common complications after surgery and anesthesia. Numerous studies have revealed that acupressure can increase postoperative pain, nausea, and vomiting. This randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of acupressure on gastrointestinal function and pain after abdominal hysterectomy. Methods: After undergoing hysterectomy, 39 women were randomized into acupressure (n = 19) and control (n = 20) groups. Women in the acupressure groups received acupressure on the stomach meridian (ST36), heart meridian (HT7), large intestine meridian (LI4), intersection of the spleen, liver with kidney meridians 6 (SP6) and pericardium meridian (PC6) acupoints 30 min after admission to the clinic for a period of 15 min, and acupressure on locations 1–1.5 cm away from these points. The control groups received standard treatment. Patient information, visual analog scale scores, the Rhodes Index of Nausea, vomiting with retching, and daily follow-up data were collected. Results: The nausea and vomiting with retching experience scores in the acupressure-treated group were lower than those in the control group (p < 0.001). After acupressure, the gas output from stool formation of the participants in the acupressure groups was significantly greater than that of the participants in the control group (p < 0.001). The intensity of pain decreased significantly in the acupressure group compared with the control group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The findings of these trials indicated that acupressure is an effective method for reducing pain, nausea, vomiting, and recovery of vital signs. Clinical Trial Registration: The trial protocol was registered on the website http://clinicaltrials.gov (registration number: NCT06340776).
Anticancer Plant Secondary Metabolites Induce Linker Histone Depletion from Chromatin
Authors: Vlasova Olga , Antonova Irina , Zenkov Roman , Naberezhnov Denis , Belitsky Gennady , Borunova Anna , Zabotina Tatiana , García-Gomis Daniel , Safina Alfiya , Gurova Katerina , Gudkov Andrei , Kirsanov Kirill , Jordan Albert , Yakubovskaya Marianna
Published: August 2024

Background: Many plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) were shown to intercalate into DNA helix or interact with DNA grooves. This may influence histone-DNA interactions changeing chromatin structure and genome functioning. Methods: Nucleosome stability and linker histone H1.2, H1.4 and H1.5 localizations were studied in HeLa cells after the treatment with 15 PSMs, which are DNA-binders and possess anticancer activity according to published data. Chromatin remodeler CBL0137 was used as a control. Effects of PSMs were studied using fluorescent microscopy, flowcytometry, quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western-blotting. Results: We showed that 1-hour treatment with CBL0137 strongly inhibited DNA synthesis and caused intensive linker histone depletion consistent with nucleosome destabilization. None of PSMs caused nucleosome destabilization, while most of them demonstrated significant influence on linker histone localizations. In particular, cell treatment with 11 PSMs at non-toxic concentrations induced significant translocation of the histone H1.5 to nucleoli and most of PSMs caused depletion of the histones H1.2 and H1.4 from chromatin fraction. Curcumin, resveratrol, berberine, naringenin, and quercetin caused significant redistribution of all three variants of the studied linker histones showing some overlap of PSM effects on linker histone DNA-binding. We demonstrated that PSMs, which induced the most significant redistribution of the histone H1.5 (berberine, curcumin and naringenin), influence the proportion of cells synthesizing DNA, expressing or non-expressing cyclin B and influence cell cycle distribution. Berberine induction of H1.5 translocations to nucleoli was shown to occur independently on the phases of cell cycle (metaphase was not analyzed). Conclusions: For the first time we revealed PSM influence on linker histone location in cell nuclei that opens a new direction of PSM research as anticancer agents.
Audible and Infrasonic waves generated during the 2022 Hunga eruption: Observations from across Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Lamb Oliver , Jarvis Paul Antony , Kilgour Geoff
Published: August 2024

The 15 January 2022 eruption of Hunga volcano (Kingdom of Tonga) featured one of the most powerful blasts in recent history, generating atmospheric acoustic phenomena observed around the world. Here we examine seismo-acoustic data of the eruption from across Aotearoa New Zealand, host of the densest network of seismo-acoustic sensors in the south-west Pacific. We find clear evidence for two wavepackets of audible acoustics generated by the eruption propagating north-to-south across Aotearoa New Zealand. Celerities estimated from manually picked arrival times indicate that each wavepacket was likely induced by nonlinear phenomena during the passage of Lamb and Pekeris waves, the latter an atmospheric resonance mode not observed prior to the eruption of Hunga volcano. We also highlight results from array processing across a large scale acoustic network, where we successfully detect and estimate backazimuths for coherent low frequency acoustic waves across a maximum aperture of 11 km. The observations presented here provide a new dataset for developing novel techniques for modelling and monitoring of rare atmospheric acoustic phenomena.
Temporal interactions in electric hearing captured by reaction times
Authors: De Palma Jorge Ignacio Calderon , Beynon Andy J. , van Opstal A. John , Pesch Joerg , Mylanus Emmanuel , van Wanrooij Marc
Published: August 2024

Although cochlear implants provide hearing restoration for the deaf, there is considerable variability in speech outcomes among recipients. The interface from electrode to auditory nerve is considered a major contributor to this variability with temporal and spatial interactions between electric pulses hindering channel independence. In this study, we investigated reaction times as a potential objective measure of temporal pulse interactions. Fourteen Nucleus cochlear implant users pressed a button as fast as possible to a train of eighteen pairs of closely timed pulses presented for one second to a medial electrode. Each pulse was biphasic with an anodic (A) and a cathodic (C) polarity phase. We quantified the effect of changes in pulse-pair parameters on the reaction times: the pulse-pair interval ranging between 59 and 350 µs, pulse amplitudes from threshold to supra-threshold levels, and the order of pulse polarity, alternating between CA-AC and AC-CA combinations. Our results show that reaction times decrease with increasing pulse-pair interval, that CA-AC pulse pairs lead to faster responses than AC-CA pulse pairs, and that reaction times decrease monotonically with increasing pulse amplitude. Reaction times thus reflect temporal interactions, polarity sensitivity and amplitude changes, in line with previous findings using psychophysical threshold measurements. At audible stimulation levels, these effects predominantly operate independently, except for an interaction between inter-pulse interval and polarity. We conclude that reaction times provide a valid assessment of electrical hearing.
Timing-induced illusory percepts of pitch
Authors: Pazdera Jesse Kendall , Rinaldi Olive M. , Trainor Laurel
Published: August 2024

It has long been proposed that the brain integrates pitch and timing cues during auditory perception. If true, the pitch of a sound should influence its perceived timing, and the timing of a sound should similarly influence its perceived pitch. Previous research suggests that changes in the pitch of speech and music can induce illusory changes in their perceived tempo. We conducted two experiments to test the opposite effect: whether deviations from rhythmic timing can also influence the perceived pitch of a sound. In Experiment 1, participants heard an isochronous, repeating standard tone followed by a potentially mistimed, pitch-shifted probe tone, and were asked to discriminate between pitch increases and decreases. We observed a strong biasing effect of the probe's timing on its perceived pitch, such that later probes were more likely to be perceived as lower than the standard. Correct, bias-conforming responses to mistimed probes were also significantly faster than responses to probe tones played on the beat. In Experiment 2, we used an adaptive-difficulty version of Experiment 1 to investigate whether this timing-induced bias strengthens under conditions of low discriminability. We found that the biasing effects of probe timing were similarly strong regardless of how large the to-be-judged pitch difference was, and regardless of individual differences in pitch sensitivity. Alongside previous literature on pitch-induced illusory tempo changes, our present observation of timing-induced illusory pitch changes support the hypothesis that pitch and time are perceptually integrated. We discuss pitch-time integration within a Bayesian framework, as a possible result of a learned prior reflecting real-world correlations between changes in pitch and timing.
Children’s understanding of how past experience shapes future expectations
Authors: Aboody Rosie , Zhou Caiqin , Jara-Ettinger Julian
Published: August 2024

When deciding how to act in new situations, we expect agents to draw on relevant prior experiences. This expectation underlies many of our mental state inferences, allowing us to infer agents’ prior knowledge from their current actions. Across three experiments (n = 264 4- to 6-year-olds recruited at testing sites with diverse populations), we find that four-year-olds share this expectation; however, it is not until age six that children reliably use this expectation to infer what and how much others know. This work suggests that even young children have principled expectations for how ignorance will lead agents to act—and six-year-olds may already understand that knowledge is graded rather than binary, able to infer which of two agents knows more.
Who Gets Frustrated? Identifying Individuals Prone to Frustration Using a Latent Profile Analysis
Authors: Yazdi Hannaneh , Aust Mikael Ljung , Wickman Casper , Bujacz Aleksandra , Kowalski Leo , Lundström Johan N.
Published: August 2024

Frustration is a complex negative emotion with multifaceted underlying components, and identifying susceptible groups has so far provided disparate results. This study employs a person-centered analytical approach to differentiate between subgroups of individuals based on multidimensional frustration triggers and response indicators. Data were collected from a sample of 2,219 drivers. Utilizing latent profile analysis, we identified four distinct profiles: Minimal, Low, Moderate, and Severe. Specifically, these profiles were associated with frustrating situations in driving (i.e., limited control and goal blockage), as well as emotional responses (i.e., anger, stress, and irritation). Predictors for these profiles included driving behavior dimensions (violations, errors, and lapses), group user categories (sharing, ownership, and leasing), and demographic variables (age and gender). The findings reveal that demographic factors, such as age, gender, and user category, play significant roles in determining susceptibility to frustration. Notably, the Severe profile includes younger drivers, predominantly men and car owners, who had higher levels of lapses in driving behavior and increased frustration. This suggests that targeted interventions to reduce driving lapses and promote positive attitudes related to car sharing and leasing are needed to reduce frustration in traffic. Our results demonstrate the varying degrees of susceptibility to frustration among drivers and underscore the importance of targeted strategies for different demographic groups.
Preprint: Are your eyes following your thoughts? Exploring individual differences in the coupling of eye movements to internal processes
Authors: Walcher Sonja , Korda Ziva , Körner Christof , Benedek Mathias
Published: August 2024

The eyes are remarkably active during internal cognitive processes and often couple to internal events, but there is substantial interindividual variability in the amount of this internal coupling. These variations present considerable challenges for predicting cognitive states and raise important theoretical questions about their origins. This study explores whether internal coupling serves as a compensation mechanism to supports internal activities when task demands exceed individual’s cognitive resources or if internal coupling occurs as a byproduct of mental imagery, with its co-occurrence determined by the quality of an individual’s mental image.We examined how consistently eye movements aligned with imagined movement in a visuospatial working memory task and related these coupled saccades to measures of working memory capacity (Complex Span Tasks) and imagery skills (VVIQ, OSIVQ). We found that the rate of coupled saccades, when the task was performed entirely in mind, ranged from zero to 90 percent. The data showed some indications that people with lower working memory capacity and lower vividness of visual imagination might benefit from internal coupling, hinting at some functional and compensatory role of coupling. However, these results were not robust, and no adaptive response to increased task demands was observed, challenging the notion of strategic use of internal coupling. The quality of mental imagery influenced internal coupling, with the removal of a visual spatial reference reducing coupling frequency, especially in those participants with lower spatial working memory capacity. Overall, while internal coupling is partly related to functional aspects and the quality of mental images, a substantial portion of individual differences remained unexplained, highlighting the need for further research into the role of eye movements during internal cognitive processes.
Understanding frustration triggers and emotional responses in driving situations
Authors: Yazdi Hannaneh , Wickman Casper , Aust Mikael Ljung , Selbing Ida , Kowalski Leo , Axelsson John
Published: August 2024

Frustration is a complex emotional phenomenon subject to various triggers and manifested throughmultifaceted behavioral and affective responses. This study investigates the relationship betweendistinct frustration-inducing situations encountered during driving and the corresponding affectiveresponses, focusing on the mediating role of behavioral dimensions. A total of 2244 participantsanswered a questionnaire on driving behavior, the likelihood of experiencing frustration in variousdriving situations, and affective responses in frustrating situations. Latent factors and triggers offrustration were determined using Exploratory Factor Analysis, and their relationship to drivingbehavior was assessed using Multiple Regression Analysis. We identified four primary clusters ofsituations that could trigger frustration in drivers: Unpredictable Experiences, Achievement Obstacles, Distress Elicitors and External Distractions. The emotions accompanying driver frustration clustered into four distinct dimensions: Irritation, Anxiety, Boredom, and Embarrassment. While anxiety-related emotions were central in all frustrating responses (i.e., all four clusters), the other emotion dimensions were specifically related to some of the frustration clusters. Additionally, different types of frustrating situations were characterized by different emotional responses. Furthermore, having more lapses was related to heightened frustration levels. Unraveling the complexities of frustration may aid in the further development of traffic safety by attempting to eliminate frequent frustration triggers in driving situations.
Sample Representativeness in Psychological and Brain Science Research
Authors: liu weibiao , Chen Zhiyi , Chuan-Peng Hu
Published: August 2024

Psychological and brain science explore human behavior and the human brain by studying volunteers who participate in these studies, and the generalizability of findings in these fields largely depends on the representativeness of samples. However, the representativeness of samples in psychological and neuroscience research has long been criticized. There are two main problems with current research: (1) Lack of sample information. Most studies report only the gender/sex, age, and country of the subjects, while important information such as race/ethnicity, education level, and socio-economic status of the subjects is rarely reported. Moreover, this situation has not changed significantly over time; (2) The information provided suggests that the current sample is not sufficiently representative: there are more female participants than male participants, and they are concentrated in the Western, young, and highly educated populations, while middle-aged and older people, people with lower education levels, and low-income groups are less concerned by researchers. Asian, Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino populations also receive less attention. From a national perspective, populations in Asian, African, and Latin American countries are less represented in psychological and neuroscience research. The above two major problems may be mainly due to the following reasons: convenience sampling method as the main sampling method; European and American researchers have led the research in psychological and brain science; neglect of the influence of culture and various demographic factors as a whole; researchers themselves have biases. Changing this situation will require the combined efforts of researchers, academic organisations, journal editors and funders. Improving the representativeness of samples will help to apply the scientific knowledge of psychological and brain science to a wider range of groups, thereby promoting the building of a community with a shared future for humanity.
Urban crime and negotiation attempts with a criminal to access the field: contact, engagement and a present.
Authors: Hill Steve
Published: August 2024

Negotiating access to a field can be portrayed as relatively straightforward. When the researcher seeking access is a criminology practitioner and that access is being sought from a criminal, the process of attempting to build trust and rapport, especially when the opportunity to engage presents itself by chance, is complicated.This ethnographic account outlines the process of such an encounter, balancing accountability to profession whilst simultaneously seeking to operationalise the theoretical intertwining of the criminology practitioner and independent academic researcher status. The duality of these seemingly opposite roles of this specific encounter is contrasted by the creative opportunity of cultural criminology’s methodological approach of verstehen.Techniques of impression management to elicit a favourable response were fluid and evolving, recognising when one approach was failing and changing direction to pursue another. This approach needed to coexist and compliment the disposal of the criminological encounter from a practitioner control agent perspective. This was achieved by the use of discretion.Limited success was gained post interaction with a potential channel of communication elicited by a third party for possible access to the field, although there is no certainty of this.
Utilizing Theoretically-Driven Distractors to Make Diagnostic Multiple-Choice Assessments Possible
Authors: Chamberlain Darryl , Jeter Russell
Published: August 2024

Multiple-choice assessments are widely used for their ease of implementation and grading. Yet, these assessments are largely criticized as being unable to provide diagnostic information about student knowledge for a variety of reasons. We have proposed a method to utilize current research on student knowledge in unison with technology to make diagnostic multiple-choice assessments possible. This paper reports on the results of implementing our diagnostic multiple-choice assessments in a College Algebra course over a three year span. Quantitative and qualitative analysis suggests these assessments associate student knowledge with their choices and thus can be used as practical diagnostic tools. We conclude with how the construction of these assessments could be utilized to provide targeted feedback as students develop their understanding through non-instructor-mediated assessments such as homework.
Supporting Young Learners in Speaking English. Tasks and Digital Technologies in Foreign Language Learning in Primary School
Authors: Kullick Andreas
Published: August 2024

How can technology-enhanced tasks be used to support oral communication in heterogeneous English as a Foreign Language (EFL) primary classrooms? This study explores pre-service and in-service teachers’ cognitions on the use of technologyenhanced foreign language learning tasks in the young learners’ classroom. The study investigates the aspects of technology-enhanced tasks that participants consider as having a relevant impact on the development of learners’ oral communicative competence, the criteria participants consider relevant for the design of such tasks in ways that cater for the needs of heterogeneous groups, and the support participants consider helpful in order to create and implement such tasks. Data were collected by carrying out three small-scale technology-enhanced projects in EFL primary school classrooms in the German federal state of Baden-Württemberg. The findings suggest that technology-enhanced tasks are well suited to supporting heterogeneous groups of primary school children in speaking English.
Iron Profile and Hematological Parameters in Patients with Advancing Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Lamichhane Anit , Bista Sahara , Rana Archan Shumsher , Gautam Dipika , Pokhrel Sushant , Khanal Sudip , Gautam Sujan , Joshi Govardhan , Shakya Jyotsna , Thakur Rajesh Kumar , Bhatt Mahendra Prasad
Published: August 2024

Background: Iron deficiency anemia is the most common and early complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. On the other hand, excess iron supplementation induced iron overload, oxidative stress, hypersensitivity reactions and a permissive environment for infectious processes among CKD. Hence this study aims to determine the association of iron profile and hematological parameters with advancing CKD
Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 80 CKD patients attending Manmohan Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu. Demographics, anthropometry, blood glucose, RFT, Serum iron profile and complete blood count were measured. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) criteria for staging CKD.
Findings: The study included 80 participants out of which 48 (60%) were females and 32 (40%) were males. Overall, 82.5% of CKD patients were presented with anemia. Among the study population, 50% of CKD patients had normal iron status, 41.3% had iron deficiency, and 8.8% had iron overload. Out of total iron deficient individuals, 69.7% was found to have functional iron deficiency and 30.3% was found to have absolute iron deficiency. WBC and platelets were significantly decreased with increased availability of circulating iron and iron stores.
Conclusion:  The functional iron deficiency worsens the severity of anemia with advancing CKD. However, iron overload in CKD patients is also associated with leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. Thus, regular investigation and monitoring of serum iron profile is required in CKD patients for the prevention from various complications.
Nepal Needs A Two-Pronged Approach to Secure Future of Its Female Community Health Volunteers (FCHVs)
Authors: Bhattarai Sankalpa , Teijlingen Edwin van Teijlingen
Published: August 2024

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Attitude and Factors Associated With the Use of Public Toilets among Women in Kathmandu Metropolitan City
Authors: Shrestha Tripti , Kandel Preju , Acharya Aashish , Khanal Sudip
Published: August 2024

Background: The UN general assembly has identified sanitation as distinct human right. Along with the discovery of infectious diseases and changing lifestyle patterns in urban areas, sanitation needs have grown. As per the standard set by WHO, one toilet at 500m distance per 50 people is needed, which is unmet. Moreover, due to biological processes such as menstruation and high vulnerability to infections, women have a higher sanitation need.
Methodology: The study was descriptive, cross-sectional, conducted among 255 respondents. A purposive sampling method was applied, and respondents were interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaire.  The collected data were entered and analyzed in IBM SPSS
Results: Out of the 255 respondents, 92% have used a public toilet at least once. Less than half (42.7%) of the respondents preferred to use a pay per use public toilet. Most of the respondents (93%) said that they were not satisfied with the state of public toilets. More than half (54.5%) had negative attitude towards using public toilets. Attitude towards using public toilets was found to be associated with their preference of type of toilet, importance of light, ventilation, soap, and absence of smell inside the toilet.
Conclusion: Most women were unsatisfied with the status of public toilets and would prefer not to use a pay per use toilet. Higher number of respondents having negative attitude towards using public toilets is justified by the findings from observation of the public toilets as well. An intervention to improve the status of public toilets and to make the public realize their ownership to maintain good status of public toilet seems to be needed.
Kajian Kualitas Air Terproduksi Minyak Bumi dan Dampaknya Terhadap Pencemaran Air Sungai Dong Rupit Di Kawasan Sumur Tua Minyak Bumi Desa Wonocolo, Bojonegoro, Jawa Timur
Authors: Irawan Agus Bambang , Waisnawa I Putu Gema Bujangga
Published: August 2024

Kegiatan penambangan rakyat sumur tua minyak bumi di Desa Wonocolo, Kabupaten Bojonegoro Jawa Timur menghasilkan air terproduksi. Air terproduksi ini berasal dari sumur tua yang jumlahnya lebih dari 200 sumur. Dampak pembuangan air tersebut mengakibatkan pencemaran air Sungai Dong Rupit. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji kualitas air terproduksi sumur tua minyak bumi di Desa Wonocolo dan dampaknya terhadap pencemaran Sungai Dong Rupit. Metode penelitian yang digunakan berupa observasi lapangan. Pengambilan sampel air terproduksi dilakukan berdasarkan lamanya sumur beroperasi, yaitu 2 jam/hari, 5 jam/hari dan 24 jam/hari. Sampel air sungai diambil 5 titik, yang mewakili hulu tengah dan hilir sungai. Hasil uji laboratorium air terproduksi pada ketiga sumur mengandung  unsur-unsur Fe, Cu, Zn, Cl, Br, Ca, Si dan parameter polutan TDS, minyak lemak dan COD tinggi. Sumur minyak bumi yang beroperasi 24 jam/hari mengandung nilai Fe, Br dan Zn tertinggi, dibandingkan dua sumur lainnya.  Kadar Cl, Ca, Cu, Si, COD, TDS, minyak dan lemak tertinggi bisa ditemukan dalam sumur minyak bumi yang beroperasi 5 jam/hari. Sungai Dong Rupit yang berada di sebelah utara kawasan sumur tua minyak bumi Desa Wonocolo tercemar polutan minyak dan lemak. Air Sungai Dong Rupit memiliki kadar TDS, COD, minyak lemak yang sangat tinggi dan telah melebihi baku mutu air kelas 3.
Evolution of Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Adams James P.
Published: August 2024

This chapter provides a brief history of powder metallurgy from its earliest known uses to present day applications.
Various Conventional and Advanced Sintering Methods to Consolidate Powders
Authors: Debata Mayadhar , Sengupta Pradyut , Mandal Shuvam , Panigrahi Ajit , Basu Suddhasatwa
Published: August 2024

This chapter provides an overview of sintering techniques and the microstructures and properties that can be achieved in different material systems. It covers conventional furnace sintering, microwave and laser sintering, hot and hot-isostatic pressing, and spark plasma sintering. It describes the advantages and disadvantages of each method, the mechanisms involved, and the effect of sintering parameters on the density, grain size, and mechanical properties of titanium and tungsten heavy alloys, stainless steel, cemented carbides, ceramics, composites, and rare earth magnets.
Relationship of Structure-Properties on the Powder Metal Materials
Authors: Kurt Adem
Published: August 2024

The porous structure of powder-metal materials, and thus the sintering method, has a significant impact not only on the properties of PM components, but also on how they respond to surface treatments and fabrication processes such as coating and joining. This chapter explains how the microstructure of PM parts achieved by different sintering methods influences the development of galvanized coatings and the mechanisms involved in sinter bonding and various welding and brazing processes. It presents and interprets the results of several studies in which PM materials, including iron, copper, stainless steel, brass, and bronze alloys, are joined by spot welding, projection welding, and solid-state welding as well as furnace and microwave brazing. It also examines the effects of ZrSiO4 additions on the friction and wear behaviors of PM bronze brake-lining materials.
How Does Powder Metallurgy Facilitate the Preparation of Intermetallics and High-Entropy Alloys?
Authors: Sathiyamoorthi Praveen , Chawake Niraj Mohan
Published: August 2024

This chapter discusses the growing role of powder metallurgy in the production of intermetallic, Heusler, and high-entropy alloys. It reviews the challenges of producing these materials by conventional methods and the advantages of sinter-based PM techniques. It explains why PM processes are better suited for complex materials than casting and compares the properties of intermetallic, Heusler, and high-entropy alloys prepared by casting and powder-metal techniques.
Comparison of Additive Manufacturing and Powder Metallurgy Methods and Their Components
Authors: Bhattacharyya Madhumanti , Charit Indrajit
Published: August 2024

This chapter reviews some of the differences between powder metallurgy and additive manufacturing and explains how they influence the microstructure and properties of various alloys and the formation of defects in manufactured parts.
Nanomaterials-Based Additive Manufacturing for the Production of 3D-Printed Batteries and Supercapacitors
Authors: Tambrallimath Vijay , Keshavamurthy R. , Kumar G.S. Pradeep , Hebbar Gurumoorty S.
Published: August 2024

This chapter discusses the advantages and limitations of 3D printing technology for the production of batteries and supercapacitors. It explains how 3D printing methods facilitate the build of microdevices with hierarchical nanoarchitectures and controlled microstructure. It also reviews recent progress in fabricating electrodes and electrolytes using 3D-printed functional materials.
Role of Powder Metallurgy Industries in Various Sectors―Part 1
Authors: Mahale Rayappa Shrinivas , Vasanth Shamanth , Sharath P.C. , Shashanka R.
Published: August 2024

This chapter discusses the effect of powder metallurgy on the design and production of nuclear energy reactors, wind turbines, biomedical devices, and gas turbine engines.