bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Counterions on the Structure and Stability of Aqueous Uranyl(VI) Complexes. A First‐Principles Molecular Dynamics Study.
Authors: Buehl Michael , Schreckenbach Georg , Sieffert Nicolas , Wipff Georges
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Understanding the p‐Type Conduction Properties of the Transparent Conducting Oxide CuBO2: A Density Functional Theory Analysis.
Authors: Scanlon David O. , Walsh Aron , Watson Graeme W.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Mannich‐Type Reactions of α‐Cyanoketones with N‐Boc Aldimines.
Authors: Kim Eun Jin , Kang Young Ku , Kim Dae Young
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes Catalyzed by a Camphor‐Derived β‐Amino Alcohol.
Authors: Wu Zhi‐Long , Wu Hsyueh‐Liang , Wu Ping‐Yu , Uang Biing‐Jiun
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselectivity on the α‐Aryl‐δ‐epoxynitrile Anionic Cyclization Reactions: Modulation Towards a 5‐endo or 4‐exo Process.
Authors: Lujan‐Montelongo Jesus Armando , Vazquez‐Sanchez Adrian , Avila‐Zarraga Jose Gustavo
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid‐Catalyzed Cascade Reactions of Arylvinylcyclopropenes with Acetals and Aldehydes for the Construction of Different Aromatic Systems.
Authors: Zhu Zhi‐Bin , Wei Yin , Shi Min
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Friedel—Crafts Cyclization with Trichloroacetic Anhydride.
Authors: Andrews Ben , Bullock Kae , Condon Shannon , Corona John , Davis Roman , Grimes John , Hazelwood Andrew , Tabet Elie
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogenation of β‐N‐Substituted and β‐N,N‐Disubstituted Enamino Esters in the Presence of Iridium(I) Catalyst.
Authors: Hebbache Hania , Hank Zakia , Bruneau Christian , Renaud Jean‐Luc
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Hydrogenation of N—H Imines.
Authors: Hou Guohua , Gosselin Francis , Li Wei , McWilliams J. Christopher , Sun Yongkui , Weisel Mark , O'Shea Paul D. , Chen Cheng‐yi , Davies Ian W. , Zhang Xumu
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Henry Reaction Catalyzed by Chiral Tridentate Heteroorganic Ligands.
Authors: Rachwalski Michal , Lesniak Stanislaw , Sznajder Ewelina , Kielbasinski Piotr
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Mizoroki—Heck Reaction of Allyl Aryl Ethers with Aryl Iodides Using Phosphine‐Free Hydrazone Ligands.
Authors: Mino Takashi , Shindo Hiroaki , Kaneda Tomoko , Koizumi Tomoko , Kasashima Yoshio , Sakamoto Masami , Fujita Tsutomu
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Fluorobis(phenylsulfonyl)methane to Enals: Synthesis of Chiral Monofluoromethyl Compounds.
Authors: Zhang Shilei , Zhang Yinan , Ji Yafei , Li Hao , Wang Wei
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tropos Ligands in Asymmetric Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Enones: How a Tunable Coordination Gives Different Reaction Products.
Authors: Facchetti Sarah , Cacallini Irene , Funaioli Tiziana , Marchetti Fabio , Juliano Anna
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Aldol Condensation of Cycloalkanones and Aromatic Aldehydes in the Presence of Nanoporous Silica‐Based Sulfonic Acid (SiO2—Pr—SO3H) under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Mohammadi Ziarani Ghodsi , Badiei Alireza , Abbasi Alireza , Farahani Zahra
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Hypolipidemic Activity of Novel 2‐(Naphthalen‐2‐yloxy)propionic Acid Derivatives as Desmethyl Fibrate Analogues.
Authors: Idrees Gamal A. , Aly Omar M. , Abuo‐Rahma Gamal El‐Din A. A. , Radwan M. F.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of α‐Bromo Chalcone Derivatives.
Authors: Budak Yakup , Ceylan Mustafa
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Gas‐Phase Synthesis of N‐Unsubstituted 3‐Hydroxypyrroles and 1H‐Pyrrol‐3(2H)‐ones.
Authors: Hill Lawrence , Hunter Gordon A. , Imam S. Haider , McNab Hamish , O'Neill William J.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Trisoxazoline/Cu(II)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Intramolecular Friedel—Crafts Alkylation Reaction of Indoles.
Authors: Zhou Jiao‐Long , Ye Meng‐Chun , Sun Xiu‐Li , Tang Yong
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Convenient One‐Pot Synthesis of Benzimidazole Derivatives Using Cobalt(II) Chloride Hexahydrate as Catalyst.
Authors: Khan Abu T. , Parvin Tasneem , Choudhury Lokman H.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Nickel‐Catalyzed Reductive Couplings of Aminoaldehydes and Alkynylsilanes: Application to the Synthesis of D‐erythro‐Sphingosine.
Authors: Sa‐ei Kanicha , Montgomery John
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Alternative Approach to 1,2,4‐Triazole‐3‐carboxamides.
Authors: Ellis David
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed (N‐Oxido‐2‐pyridinyl)methyl Transfer from 2‐(2‐Hydroxyalkyl)pyridine N‐Oxide to Aryl Halides by β‐Carbon Elimination.
Authors: Suehiro Takafumi , Niwa Takashi , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylheteroaromatic‐Carbonitriles as Building Blocks in Heterocyclic Synthesis: Synthesis of Ethyl 1‐Substituted‐5‐cyano‐4‐methyl‐6‐oxopyridine‐3‐carboxylates; Versatile Precursors for Polyfunctionally Substituted Isoquinolines and Pyrido[3,4‐c]pyridine.
Authors: Khalil Khaled D. , Al‐Matar Hamad M. , Elnagdi Mohamed H.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides Leading to Pyrido[2,3‐b]quinolines.
Authors: Toth Judit , Somfai Barbara , Blasko Gabor , Dancso Andras , Toeke Laszlo , Nyerges Miklos
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Knoevenagel Condensation of Aldehydes with Meldrum′s Acid in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Tahmassebi Daryoush , Wilson Levi J. A. , Kieser Jerod M.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,3‐Dimethyl‐2,4‐dioxo‐1H,2H,3H,4H‐quinazolines (III) and 1,5‐Dihydro‐1,3‐dimethyl‐5‐nitromethyl‐2H‐pyrano [4,3‐d]pyrimidine‐2,4(3H)‐diones (V)
Authors: Kostrub Vladimir V. , Tsupak Evgeny B. , Nelyubina Yulia V.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Heteromacrocycles as Ligands of a Palladium‐Artificial Enzyme and Crystal Structure.
Authors: Cho Nam Sook , Lee Chun Ho , Kim Young Hoon , Kang Sung Kwon , Lee You‐Soon
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Difunctionalized 1,3‐Dienes Containing Silicon and Selenium via Hydrozirconation of (Z)‐3‐(Trimethylsilyl)alk‐3‐en‐1‐ynes.
Authors: Ye Xinglin , Wang Pingping , Liu Jiaqin , Cai Mingzhong
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxyphyllones A and B, Novel Sesquiterpenes with an Unusual 4,5‐Secoeudesmane Skeleton from Alpinia oxyphylla.
Authors: Xu Jun Ju , Tan Ning Hua , Xiong Jiang , Adebayo Abiodun Humphrey , Han Hong Jin , Zeng Guang Zhi , Ji Chang Jiu , Zhang Yu Mei , Zhu Mei Ju
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: C29 Sterols with a Cyclopropane Ring at C‐25 and 26 from the Vietnamese Marine Sponge Ianthella sp. and Their Anticancer Properties.
Authors: Kim Young Ho , et al. et al.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Acridone Alkaloid from Micromelum integerrimum.
Authors: Yang Xiao‐Long , Xie Zheng‐Hong , Jiang Xian‐Jun , Huang Yan‐Bing , Liu Ji‐Kai
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Stereoselective Synthesis of C26‐C36 Fragment of Arenicolide A.
Authors: Lee Jung Lyul , Han Seo‐Jung , Lee Duck‐Hyung
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Plavonoid Dimers from Sarcandra hainanensis (Pei) Swamy et Bailey.
Authors: Cao Cong‐Mei , Peng Yong , Xu Li‐Jia , Wang Ya‐Jun , Yang Jun‐Shan , Xiao Pei‐Gen
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of N‐[(3S)‐Pyrrolidin‐3‐yl]benzamides as Selective Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors: CNS Penetration in a More Polar Template.
Authors: Fish Paul V. , Wakenhut Florian , Ryckmans Thomas , Stobie Alan
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Transformations in One‐Dimensional Materials: Applications in Electronics and Energy Sciences
Authors: Schoen David T. , Meister Stefan , Peng Hailin , Chan Candace , Yang Yuan , Cui Yi
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metaselective Transition Metal Catalyzed Arene C—H Bond Functionalization.
Authors: Zhou Yang , Zhao Jing , Liu Lei
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Remote Substituent Directed Metalations of Arenes
Authors: Klis Tomasz , Lulinski Sergiusz , Serwatowski Janusz
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: From Monodentate to Bidentate to Monodentate with a Trillion Possibilities
Authors: Ager David J. , de Vries Johannes G.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiro‐inositols in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Singleton J. , Hoberg J. O.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Olefin Metathesis Catalysts
Authors: Bei Xiaohong , Allen Daryl P. , Pederson Richard L.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: PEG‐Modified Ligands for Catalysis and Catalyst Recycling in Thermoregulated Systems
Authors: Hermanns Ellen , Hasenjaeger Jens , Driessen‐Hoelscher Birgit
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: What Is Cooperativity?
Authors: Hunter Christopher A. , Anderson Harry L.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular and Supramolecular Networks on Surfaces: From Two‐Dimensional Crystal Engineering to Reactivity
Authors: Elemans Johannes A. A. W. , Lei Shengbin , De Feyter Steven
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Determinants of online shopping: Examination of an early‐stage online market
Authors: Liebermann Yehoshua , Stashevsky Shmuel
Published: December 2009

A conceptual framework intended to predict the number of online purchases made by Internet users in an early stage market is presented and examined using data collected in Israel. Those more likely to report buying online saw low costs and substantial benefits associated with e‐shopping. They were experienced Internet users who valued online information searching. They were also more likely to shop over the phone, but did not especially like to go shopping. Finally, they tended to be the primary purchaser in the household. Our framework enhances understanding of the factors affecting consumers' online shopping behaviour, aides in profiling typical electronic shoppers, and may help practitioners develop more personalized marketing programs to increase e‐commerce sales. Copyright © 2009 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975‐2006, featuring colorectal cancer trends and impact of interventions (risk factors, screening, and treatment) to reduce future rates
Authors: Edwards Brenda K. , Ward Elizabeth , Kohler Betsy A. , Eheman Christie , Zauber Ann G. , Anderson Robert N. , Jemal Ahmedin , Schymura Maria J. , Lansdorp‐Vogelaar Iris , Seeff Laura C. , van Ballegooijen Marjolein , Goede S. Luuk , Ries Lynn A. G.
Published: December 2009

BACKGROUND.

The American Cancer Society, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) collaborate annually to provide updated information regarding cancer occurrence and trends in the United States. This year's report includes trends in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and death rates and highlights the use of microsimulation modeling as a tool for interpreting past trends and projecting future trends to assist in cancer control planning and policy decisions.

METHODS.

Information regarding invasive cancers was obtained from the NCI, CDC, and NAACCR; and information on deaths was obtained from the CDC's National Center for Health Statistics. Annual percentage changes in the age‐standardized incidence and death rates (based on the year 2000 US population standard) for all cancers combined and for the top 15 cancers were estimated by joinpoint analysis of long‐term trends (1975‐2006) and for short‐term fixed‐interval trends (1997‐2006). All statistical tests were 2‐sided.

RESULTS.

Both incidence and death rates from all cancers combined significantly declined (P < .05) in the most recent time period for men and women overall and for most racial and ethnic populations. These decreases were driven largely by declines in both incidence and death rates for the 3 most common cancers in men (ie, lung and prostate cancers and CRC) and for 2 of the 3 leading cancers in women (ie, breast cancer and CRC). The long‐term trends for lung cancer mortality in women had smaller and smaller increases until 2003, when there was a change to a nonsignificant decline. Microsimulation modeling demonstrates that declines in CRC death rates are consistent with a relatively large contribution from screening and with a smaller but demonstrable impact of risk factor reductions and improved treatments. These declines are projected to continue if risk factor modification, screening, and treatment remain at current rates, but they could be accelerated further with favorable trends in risk factors and higher utilization of screening and optimal treatment.

CONCLUSIONS.

Although the decrease in overall cancer incidence and death rates is encouraging, rising incidence and mortality for some cancers are of concern. Cancer 2010. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Histologic evaluation of metastases in renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid transformation and its implications for systemic therapy
Authors: Shuch Brian , Said Jonathan , LaRochelle Jeffrey C. , Zhou Ying , Li Gang , Klatte Tobias , Pouliot Frederic , Kabbinavar Fairooz F. , Belldegrun Arie S. , Pantuck Allan J.
Published: December 2009

BACKGROUND:

Sarcomatoid features in renal cell carcinoma may represent an aggressive subclone arising from the primary tumor. The patterns of metastases for these tumors were evaluated to determine if sarcomatoid features were retained at metastasis and whether the percentage of sarcomatoid features in the primary tumor influenced spread.

METHODS:

All patients with sarcomatoid features found at nephrectomy with synchronous or metachronous resection of metastases were evaluated. The histology, grade, and percentage of sarcomatoid features in the primary and metastatic site were recorded. The association between percentage of sarcomatoid features, grade, histology, and pattern of metastases was evaluated.

RESULTS:

Thirty‐two patients were identified with sarcomatoid features and resected metastases. Fifty‐two metastatic sites were evaluated. A single histologic appearance (sarcomatoid or carcinomatoid) was present in 50 of 52 sites (96%). Thirty sites (58%) demonstrated only a sarcomatoid pattern, whereas 20 (38%) contained only a carcinoma pattern. Histology and carcinoma grade did not influence metastatic pattern; however, greater percentage of sarcomatoid features was associated with the presence of distant sarcomatoid histology. A cutoff of 30% sarcomatoid features in the primary tumor was useful in predicting systemic sarcomatoid histology.

CONCLUSIONS:

Sarcomatoid elements are frequently observed in the metastases of primary tumors with sarcomatoid features, and these metastases generally contain a solitary pattern supporting the subclone hypothesis. However, both components can metastasize in the same patient. The percentage of sarcomatoid features influences the pattern of spread, and patients with >30% sarcomatoid features in the primary tumor frequently have distant sarcomatoid histology. This cutpoint may be helpful for inclusion criteria for future clinical trials. Cancer 2010. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
A framework for scalable, parallel performance monitoring
Authors: Nataraj Aroon , Malony Allen D. , Morris Alan , Arnold Dorian C. , Miller Barton P.
Published: December 2009

Performance monitoring of HPC applications offers opportunities for adaptive optimization based on the dynamic performance behavior, unavailable in purely post‐mortem performance views. However, a parallel performance monitoring system must have low overhead and high efficiency to make these opportunities tangible. We describe a scalable parallel performance monitor calledTAUoverMRNet (ToM), created from the integration of the TAU performance system and the Multicast Reduction Network (MRNet). The integration is achieved through a plug‐in architecture in TAU that allows the selection of different transport substrates to offload the online performance data. A method to establish the transport overlay structure of the monitor from within TAU, one that requires no added support from the job manager or application, is presented. We demonstrate the distribution of performance analysis from the sink to the overlay nodes and the reduction in the large‐scale profile data that could, otherwise, overwhelm any single sink. The results show low perturbation and significant savings accrued from reduction at large processor‐counts. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conductivity of Poly(pyrrole)‐Poly(styrene sulfonate) Core–Shell Nanoparticles
Authors: Mpoukouvalas Konstantinos , Wang Jianjun , Wegner Gerhard
Published: December 2009

The dielectric properties of poly(styrene) nanoparticles decorated at their surfaces with poly(styrene sulfonate) [PSS] brushes and subsequently loaded with polypyrrole (PPy) were studied. These film‐forming materials which may serve as hole‐injection layers in organic light‐emitting diodes, exhibit a core–shell‐type morphology with a core of electrically insulating poly(styrene) and a shell consisting of a corona of PSS chains which form the matrix in which the electrically conducting complex of PPy and PSS is embedded. This conducting complex exists in form of domains of nanoscale dimensions. Thin compressed pellets of these nanoparticles were studied using mainly impedance spectroscopy. Measurements were carried out in the temperature range between 123 and 453 K and frequency range from 10−1to 106Hz. While earlier studies were centered around the effect of polypyrrole volume fraction on the conductivity films and pellets composed of these nanoparticles, the present study reveals in which way the conductivity can be modified by exchange of the mobile inorganic counter ions of PSS. Besides the free‐acid form (H+), the Li+‐, Na+‐ and Cs+‐salts of PSS were investigated. The PPy volume fraction was the same for all PPy/PSS core–shell nanoparticles. The distance for phonon‐assisted hopping between next‐neighbor polypyrrolium chains is influenced by the presence of these inorganic cations. For all samples containing PPy, a transition from insulating to conducting behavior in the range of 300‐350 K was found. Using the fluctuation‐induced tunneling model, the average tunneling distance, as well as the potential energy barrier separating neighboring conducting grains was estimated. Finally, a detailed analysis of the dielectric spectra suggests the localization length of the charge carriers to be about 0.33 nm.
Polarizable Atomistic Calculation of Site Energy Disorder in Amorphous Alq3
Authors: Nagata Yuki
Published: December 2009

A polarizable molecular dynamics simulation and calculation scheme for site energy disorder is presented in amorphous tris(8‐hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum (Alq3) by means of the charge response kernel (CRK) method. The CRK fit to the electrostatic potential and the tight‐binding approximation are introduced, which enables modeling of the polarizable electrostatic interaction for a large molecule systematically from an ab initio calculation. The site energy disorder for electron and hole transfers is calculated in amorphous Alq3 and the effect of the polarization on the site energy disorder is discussed.
Thermodynamics of the Production of Condensed Phases in the CVD of Methyltrichlorosilane Pyrolysis
Authors: Deng Juanli , Su Kehe , Zeng Qingfeng , Wang Xin , Cheng Laifei , Xu Yongdong , Zhang Litong
Published: December 2009

Production conditions of the condensed phases (β‐SiC, silicon, and graphite) in the CVD of methyltrichlorosilane (MTS) pyrolysis are investigated in detail with thermodynamic analyses based on a relatively complete and refined database. Production of the condensed phases is examined as a function of temperature, pressure, and the initial gas ratio of H2/MTS. The results show that the composition of the condensed phase is quite sensitive to both temperature and the molar ratio of H2/MTS, whereas it is less sensitive to pressure. The ideal conditions for the deposition of β‐SiC are temperatures between 1300 and 1500 K, H2/MTS ratios between 10 and 105, and with pressures as low as convenient. The co‐deposition of C or Si with β‐SiC is mainly controlled by the ratio of H2/MTS. The co‐deposition of C with β‐SiC should be in low H2/MTS ratios (<10) and the co‐deposition of Si with β‐SiC needs high H2/MTS ratios (>104). The results are in very good agreement with experimental findings and previous theoretical investigations. The present work is also instructive as to the experimental conditions relating to continuous regions of temperatures, pressures, and the H2/MTS ratios.
The evolution of gnathostome development: Insight from chondrichthyan embryology
Authors: Gillis J. Andrew , Shubin Neil H.
Published: December 2009

Alcian blue skeletal preparations of wild‐type (front) and retinoic acid‐treated (back) embryos of the little skate, Leucoraja erinacea. As in paired fins, the cartilaginous gill rays of L. erinacea are patterned by a retinoic acid‐regulated Sonic hedghog (Shh)‐Fibroblast growth factor 8 (Fgf8) feedback loop, and exposure to exogenous retinoic acid induces ectopic Shh expression and mirror‐image gill ray duplications. (Cover design by Kalliopi Monoyios and Randy Dahn). See the review by Gillis and Shubin in this issue.
A Distorted Trigonal Antiprismatic Cationic Silicon Complex with Ureato Ligands: Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Solid State 29Si NMR Properties
Authors: Schöne Dana , Gerlach Daniela , Wiltzsch Conny , Brendler Erica , Heine Thomas , Kroke Edwin , Wagler Jörg
Published: December 2009

Insertion of phenyl isocyanate into the Si–N bond of N‐(trimethylsilyl)diethylamine yields the N′‐silylated N,N‐diethyl‐N′‐phenylurea 1, which undergoes transsilylation with SiCl4 to yield the C3‐symmetric cationic hexacoordinate silicon complex 3s+ [tris‐κ‐O,N′‐(N,N‐diethyl‐N′‐phenylureato)siliconium] as chloride salt, which was characterized crystallographically. The cationic complex 3s+ exhibits a distorted trigonal antiprismatic coordination sphere about the silicon atom with fac arrangement of the three N‐atoms (and the three O‐atoms) relative to one another. This C3‐symmetric complex undergoes isomerization into its asymmetric isomer 3a+ (mer arrangement of NNN or OOO relative to one another) in CDCl3 solution. Hence, two 29Si NMR signals appear and four sets of signals emerge in the 1H and 13C NMR spectra. Despite its pronounced axial symmetry, the 29Si NMR shielding tensor of the cation 3s+ in its chloride salt exhibits an unusually small span (less than 20 ppm), which was analyzed CP/MAS NMR spectroscopically and by computational methods.
Engineering Solid‐State Molecular Switches: N‐Salicylidene N‐Heterocycle Derivatives
Authors: Robert François , Naik Anil D. , Hidara Florence , Tinant Bernard , Robiette Raphaël , Wouters Johan , Garcia Yann
Published: December 2009

A supramolecular engineering approach has been developed for a novel family of N‐salicylidene aniline derivatives to control their thermo‐ and photochromic behaviours. Hsaltrz, Habs, Hsalphen, Hsaltz and Ksaltz are versatile molecules built from N‐heterocycles, which drive the molecular arrangement to form a controlled crystal packing with predesigned optical properties. A complete structural, optical and computational study of powders of these new molecular nanoswitches is presented. An N‐salicylidene aniline derivative possessing no thermo‐ or photoinduced chromic properties thanks to a specific molecular geometry was sought, and Habs and Hsalphen were designed to enhance π–π stacking interactions. A theoretical study of the crystal packing, combined with time‐dependent diffuse reflectance studies of Habs, have confirmed the appearance of photochromism at room temperature completed with an unprecedented “spring‐type effect” observed during the photochemical relaxation of the metastable trans‐keto form. The absence of thermochromism in an N‐salicylidene aniline derivative, induced by the absence of cis‐keto form, is a unique behaviour, firstly identified and explained for these types of compounds. Finally, Hsaltz and Ksaltz are the result of a molecular derivation of Hsaltrz which allow enhancing the amplitude of thermochromism of these functional materials.
Late life depression: a comparison of risk factors and symptoms according to age of onset in community dwelling older adults
Authors: Gallagher Damien , Mhaolain Aine Ni , Greene Elaine , Walsh Cathal , Denihan Aisling , Bruce Irene , Golden Jeannette , Conroy Ronan M. , Kirby Michael , Lawlor Brian A.
Published: December 2009

Background

It has been reported that late onset depression is more frequently associated with acquired organic pathology and that patients are less likely to report a family history of depression. Differences in phenomenology according to age of onset have been described although these have not been consistently replicated. The majority of these studies have been in hospital populations. The aim of this study is to address this question in a sample of community dwelling older adults.

Methods

89 subjects with GMS‐AGECAT depression were identified from a sample of 1231 community dwelling adults aged 65 years and over. Subjects were analysed across a range of aetiological and phenomenological variables according to age of onset of first depressive episode.

Results

Subjects with late onset depression (≥ 60) were significantly less likely to report a family history of depression, were less likely to report previous hospitalisation for depression and had greater cognitive impairment. Late onset subjects were also less likely to report feelings of guilt or thoughts that life was not worth living in the previous month.

Conclusion

While we found that patients with late onset depression differed from early onset patients according to certain aetiological risk factors, we did not find a distinctive profile of depressive symptomatology which might be considered clinically useful at an individual level. These findings are consistent with studies based in hospital populations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are cardiovascular diseases bad for economic growth?
Authors: Suhrcke Marc , Urban Dieter
Published: December 2009

We assess the impact of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality on economic growth, using a dynamic panel growth regression framework taking into account potential endogeneity problems. In the worldwide sample we detect a non‐linear influence of working age CVD mortality rates on growth across theper capitaincome scale. Splitting the sample (according to the resulting income threshold) into low‐ and middle‐income countries, and high‐income countries, we find a robust negative contribution of increasing CVD mortality rates on subsequent five‐year growth rates in the latter sample. Not too surprisingly, we find no significant impact in the low‐ and middle‐income country sample. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I–Related Chains A and B (Mic A/B): A Novel Role in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Kahraman Alisan , Schlattjan Martin , Kocabayoglu Peri , Yildiz-Meziletoglu Sule , Schlensak Matthias , Fingas Christian D. , Wedemeyer Inga , Marquitan Guido , Gieseler Robert K. , Baba Hideo A. , Gerken Guido , Canbay Ali
Published: December 2009

Stress-induced soluble major histocompatibility complex class I–related chains A/B (MIC A/B) are increased in chronic liver diseases and hepatocellular malignancy. We investigated the impact of these molecules on liver injury, apoptosis, and fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Blood and liver tissue were obtained from 40 patients with NASH undergoing bariatric surgery for obesity. The control group consisted of 10 healthy individuals. We also investigated 10 patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL). Polymerase chain reaction was used to measure messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts of MIC A/B, natural killer cell receptor G2D (NKG2D), CD95/Fas, and tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)–death receptor 5 (DR5). Apoptosis was quantified by way of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) (intrahepatic) and M30/M65 (systemic). Liver injury was assessed histopathologically and serologically (alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase). Fibrosis was identified by Sirius red staining, quantitative morphometry, and α-smooth muscle actin and collagen 1α transcripts. Compared with controls, patients with NASH revealed significant increases in (1) NKG2D mRNA (13.1-fold) and MIC A/B mRNA (3.6-fold and 15.8-fold, respectively); (2) TRAIL–DR5 and CD95/Fas mRNA (2.7-fold and 3.6-fold, respectively); (3) TUNEL-positive hepatocytes (4.0-fold); and (4) M30 and M65 levels (4.6-fold and 3.4-fold, respectively). We found relevant correlations between MIC protein expression rates and NAS and fibrosis stages. In contrast, NKG2D and MIC A/B transcripts were attenuated in patients with NAFL compared with NASH. Histopathologically, NASH patients revealed increased NAS scores, an accumulation of natural killer cells, and 2.7-fold increased hepatic fibrosis by quantitative morphometry.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest an important role for MIC A/B in liver injury. Therapeutic intervention aimed at reducing MIC A/B levels may beneficially affect the progression of NASH. (Hepatology 2009.)
Oxygen‐18 dynamics in precipitation and streamflow in a semi‐arid agricultural watershed, Eastern Washington, USA
Authors: Moravec Bryan G. , Keller C. Kent , Smith Jeffrey L. , Allen‐King Richelle M. , Goodwin Angela J. , Fairley Jerry P. , Larson Peter B.
Published: December 2009

Understanding flow pathways and mechanisms that generate streamflow is important to understanding agrochemical contamination in surface waters in agricultural watersheds. Two environmental tracers, δ18O and electrical conductivity (EC), were monitored in tile drainage (draining 12 ha) and stream water (draining nested catchments of 6‐5700 ha) from 2000 to 2008 in the semi‐arid agricultural Missouri Flat Creek (MFC) watershed, near Pullman Washington, USA. Tile drainage and streamflow generated in the watershed were found to have baseline δ18O value of −14·7‰ (VSMOW) year round. Winter precipitation accounted for 67% of total annual precipitation and was found to dominate streamflow, tile drainage, and groundwater recharge. ‘Old’ and ‘new’ water partitioning in streamflow were not identifiable using δ18O, but seasonal shifts of nitrate‐corrected EC suggest that deep soil pathways primarily generated summer streamflow (mean EC 250 µS/cm) while shallow soil pathways dominated streamflow generation during winter (EC declining as low as 100 µS/cm). Using summer isotopic and EC excursions from tile drainage in larger catchment (4700‐5700 ha) stream waters, summer in‐stream evaporation fractions were estimated to be from 20% to 40%, with the greatest evaporation occurring from August to October. Seasonal watershed and environmental tracer dynamics in the MFC watershed appeared to be similar to those at larger watershed scales in the Palouse River basin. A 0·9‰ enrichment, in shallow groundwater drained to streams (tile drainage and soil seepage), of δ18O values from 2000 to 2008 may be evidence of altered precipitation conditions due to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) in the Inland Northwest. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of remote‐sensing‐based rainfall products through predictive capability in hydrological runoff modelling
Authors: Stisen Simon , Sandholt Inge
Published: December 2009

The emergence of regional and global satellite‐based rainfall products with high spatial and temporal resolution has opened up new large‐scale hydrological applications in data‐sparse or ungauged catchments. Particularly, distributed hydrological models can benefit from the good spatial coverage and distributed nature of satellite‐based rainfall estimates (SRFE). In this study, five SRFEs with temporal resolution of 24 h and spatial resolution between 8 and 27 km have been evaluated through their predictive capability in a distributed hydrological model of the Senegal River basin in West Africa. The main advantage of this evaluation methodology is the integration of the rainfall model input in time and space when evaluated at the sub‐catchment scale. An initial data analysis revealed significant biases in the SRFE products and large variations in rainfall amounts between SRFEs, although the spatial patterns were similar. The results showed that the Climate Prediction Center/Famine Early Warning System (CPC‐FEWS) and cold cloud duration (CCD) products, which are partly based on rain gauge data and produced specifically for the African continent, performed better in the modelling context than the global SRFEs, Climate Prediction Center MORPHing technique (CMORPH), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN). The best performing SRFE, CPC‐FEWS, produced good results with values of R2NS between 0·84 and 0·87 after bias correction and model recalibration. This was comparable to model simulations based on traditional rain gauge data. The study highlights the need for input specific calibration of hydrological models, since major differences were observed in model performances even when all SRFEs were scaled to the same mean rainfall amounts. This is mainly attributed to differences in temporal dynamics between products. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.