bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apparent diffusion coefficient values predict response to brachytherapy in bulky cervical cancer
Authors: Dong Elizabeth E. , Xu Junqian , Kim Joo-Won , Bryan Jason , Appleton Jewel , Hamstra Daniel A. , Ludwig Michelle S. , Hanania Alexander N.
Published: March 2024

Background

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) provides a measurement of tumor cellularity. We evaluated the potential of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values obtained from post-external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) DWI and prior to brachytherapy (BT) to predict for complete metabolic response (CMR) in bulky cervical cancer.

Methods

Clinical and DWI (b value = 500 s/mm2) data were obtained from patients undergoing interstitial BT with high-risk clinical target volumes (HR-CTVs) > 30 cc. Volumes were contoured on co-registered T2 weighted images and 90th percentile ADC values were calculated. Patients were stratified by CMR (defined by PET-CT at three months post-BT). Relation of CMR with 90th percentile ADC values and other clinical factors (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, histology, tumor and HR-CTV size, pre-treatment hemoglobin, and age) was assessed both in univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Youden’s J statistic was used to identify a threshold value.

Results

Among 45 patients, twenty-eight (62%) achieved a CMR. On univariate analysis for CMR, only 90th percentile ADC value was significant (p = 0.029) while other imaging and clinical factors were not. Borderline significant factors were HR-CTV size (p = 0.054) and number of chemotherapy cycles (p = 0.078). On multivariate analysis 90th percentile ADC (p < 0.0001) and HR-CTV size (p < 0.003) were highly significant. Patients with 90th percentile ADC values above 2.10 × 10− 3 mm2/s were 5.33 (95% CI, 1.35–24.4) times more likely to achieve CMR.

Conclusions

Clinical DWI may serve to risk-stratify patients undergoing interstitial BT for bulky cervical cancer.
C/EBPα-p30 confers AML cell susceptibility to the terminal unfolded protein response and resistance to Venetoclax by activating DDIT3 transcription
Authors: Du Mengbao , Wang Mowang , Liu Meng , Fu Shan , Lin Yu , Huo Yankun , Yu Jian , Yu Xiaohong , Wang Chong , Xiao Haowen , Wang Limengmeng
Published: March 2024

Background

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with biallelic (CEBPAbi) as well as single mutations located in the bZIP region is associated with a favorable prognosis, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we propose that two isoforms of C/EBPα regulate DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3) transcription in AML cells corporately, leading to altered susceptibility to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and related drugs.

Methods

Human AML cell lines and murine myeloid precursor cell line 32Dcl3 cells were infected with recombinant lentiviruses to knock down CEBPA expression or over-express the two isoforms of C/EBPα. Quantitative real-time PCR and western immunoblotting were employed to determine gene expression levels. Cell apoptosis rates were assessed by flow cytometry. CFU assays were utilized to evaluate the differentiation potential of 32Dcl3 cells. Luciferase reporter analysis, ChIP-seq and ChIP-qPCR were used to validate the transcriptional regulatory ability and affinity of each C/EBPα isoform to specific sites at DDIT3 promoter. Finally, an AML xenograft model was generated to evaluate the in vivo therapeutic effect of agents.

Results

We found a negative correlation between CEBPA expression and DDIT3 levels in AML cells. After knockdown of CEBPA, DDIT3 expression was upregulated, resulting in increased apoptotic rate of AML cells induced by ER stress. Cebpa knockdown in mouse 32Dcl3 cells also led to impaired cell viability due to upregulation of Ddit3, thereby preventing leukemogenesis since their differentiation was blocked. Then we discovered that the two isoforms of C/EBPα regulate DDIT3 transcription in the opposite way. C/EBPα-p30 upregulated DDIT3 transcription when C/EBPα-p42 downregulated it instead. Both isoforms directly bound to the promoter region of DDIT3. However, C/EBPα-p30 has a unique binding site with stronger affinity than C/EBPα-p42. These findings indicated that balance of two isoforms of C/EBPα maintains protein homeostasis and surveil leukemia, and at least partially explained why AML cells with disrupted C/EBPα-p42 and/or overexpressed C/EBPα-p30 exhibit better response to chemotherapy stress. Additionally, we found that a low C/EBPα p42/p30 ratio induces resistance in AML cells to the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax since BCL2 is a major target of DDIT3. This resistance can be overcome by combining ER stress inducers, such as tunicamycin and sorafenib in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that AML patients with a low C/EBPα p42/p30 ratio (e.g., CEBPAbi) may not benefit from monotherapy with BCL2 inhibitors. However, this issue can be resolved by combining ER stress inducers.
Nursing management of patients dealing with spina bifida: from the prenatal diagnosis to adulthood / nursing intervention for the improvement of the impact of urinary and fecal incontinence on the quality of life of people dealing with spina bifida
Authors: Calabrese Fabiana , Poziello Antonio , Spiezia Gennaro , Rotunno Tiziana , Chervino Ciro , Iannicelli Anna Maria
Published: March 2024

Background

Urinary and fecal incontinence in people dealing with spina bifida, has inevitably an influence on the quality of life. In this analysis, the degree of education on how to manage incontinence and retention is studied, as well as the problems those might create and the consequential degree of autonomy and independence reached into the management of those. The main goal is to increase both nursing assistance and the education of the people dealing with spina bifida.

Methods

A multiple-choice questionnaire with open questions, concerning the bowel and bladder management was structured by all the authors and shared by the Google Docs platform among the members of the ASBI (Associazione Spina Bifida Italia) by the secretariat of the association itself. 125 patients affected by Spina Bifida voluntarily decided to participate and complete the questionnaire. The questionnaire didn’t set any limits as regards the age. For minors, its completion was made under the observation of the caregivers who gave their consent. All the authors participated to administration of the questionnaire to minors.

Results

out of 125 participants, 80 were females and 25 males. The questions concerned the level of deambulation (the 35,2% was autonomous, the 30,4% were people who use wheelchairs while the 34,4% is aid-supported), urinary incontinence, with great concern to the self-catheterization technique (the 80,8% claimed to be autonomous in performing self-catheterization, unlike the remaining 19,2%) and the impact of the said incontinence on social life (the 59,2% claimed they do not feel restrained because of their bladder incontinence or retention, unlike the remaining 40,8%). Lastly, we focused on fecal constipation and incontinence (the 57,6% claimed to struggle with incontinence, the 12% claimed they don’t and the 30,4% struggles with both conditions), on the ability of the people dealing with this to intervene to prevent unpleasant situations, in particular by using trans-anal irrigation (the 57,6% doesn’t feel autonomous in performing it).

Conclusion

urinary and fecal incontinence have, of course, an impact on the quality of life of people dealing with spina bifida. Nevertheless, we can observe that it is possible to improve the quality of life of these people, letting them feel confident enough to take part in social activities, through education from an incredibly young age, from 0 up to 25 years old and over, supplied by the medical staff and mostly by the parents (previously educated by the medical staff as well).
Large-scale causal analysis of gut microbiota and six common complications of diabetes: a mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Jiachen , Teng Menghao , Feng Ruoyang , Su Xiaochen , Xu Ke , Wang Junxiang , Wang Guoqiang , Zhang Yulong , Xu Peng
Published: March 2024

Background

This study aimed to reveal the association between the gut microbiota (GM) and six diabetic complications: diabetic hypoglycemia; ketoacidosis; nephropathy; neuropathy; retinopathy; and Charcot’s foot.

Methods

GM data were obtained from the MiBioGen consortium and Dutch Microbiome Project while data on the six diabetic complications were obtained from the FinnGen consortium. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) was performed to explore the association between GM and the common diabetic complications. Inverse MR analysis was conducted to examine the effect of diabetic complications on the identified GM. Sensitivity tests were conducted to validate the stability of the results. Finally, multivariate MR (MVMR) was performed to determine whether GM had a direct influence on the diabetic complications.

Results

After multiple corrections, the inverse variance weighted (IVW) results predicted 61 suggestive markers between GM and six diabetic complications. In particular, the IVW results revealed that the Bacteroidia class and Bacteroidales order were positively associated with diabetic hypoglycemia while the Verrucomicrobiae class and Verrucomicrobiales order were positively associated with diabetic nephropathy. Based on the replication analysis, these results were identified to be stable. MVMR showed that the results remained stable after accounting for traditional risk factors.

Conclusion

Extensive causal associations were found between GM and diabetic complications, which may provide new insights into the mechanisms of microbiome-mediated complications of diabetes.
Radiological biomarkers reflecting visceral fat distribution help distinguish inflammatory bowel disease subtypes: a multicenter cross-sectional study
Authors: Xiong Ziman , Wu Peili , Zhang Yan , Chen Jun , Shen Yaqi , Kamel Ihab , Wu Bing , Zheng Xianying , Li Zhen
Published: March 2024

Objectives

To achieve automated quantification of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) distribution in CT images and screen out parameters with discriminative value for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) subtypes.

Methods

This retrospective multicenter study included Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients from three institutions between 2012 and 2021, with patients with acute appendicitis as controls. An automatic VAT segmentation algorithm was developed using abdominal CT scans. The VAT volume, as well as the coefficient of variation (CV) of areas within the lumbar region, was calculated. Binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to evaluate the potential of indicators to distinguish between IBD subtypes.

Results

The study included 772 patients (365 CDs, median age [inter-quartile range] = 31.0. (25.0, 42.0) years, 255 males; 241 UCs, 46.0 (34.0, 55.5) years, 138 males; 166 controls, 40.0 (29.0, 53.0) years, 80 males). CD patients had lower VAT volume (CD = 1584.95 ± 1128.31 cm3, UC = 1855.30 ± 1326.12 cm3, controls = 2470.91 ± 1646.42 cm3) but a higher CV (CD = 29.42 ± 15.54 %, p = 0.006 and p ˂ 0.001) compared to UC and controls (25.69 ± 12.61 % vs. 23.42 ± 15.62 %, p = 0.11). Multivariate analysis showed CV was a significant predictor for CD (odds ratio = 6.05 (1.17, 31.12), p = 0.03). The inclusion of CV improved diagnostic efficiency (AUC = 0.811 (0.774, 0.844) vs. 0.803 (0.766, 0.836), p = 0.08).

Conclusion

CT-based VAT distribution can serve as a potential biomarker for distinguishing IBD subtypes.

Critical relevance statement

Visceral fat distribution features extracted from CT images using an automated segmentation algorithm (1.14 min) show differences between Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis and are promising for practical radiological screening.

Key points

• Radiological parameters reflecting visceral fat distribution were extracted for the discrimination of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).

• In CD, visceral fat was concentrated in the lower lumbar vertebrae, and the coefficient of variation was a significant predictor (OR = 6.05 (1.17, 31.12), p = 0.03).

• The differences between CD, UC, and controls are promising for practical radiological screening.

Graphical Abstract
Large-scale bioreactor production of extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stromal cells for treatment of acute radiation syndrome
Authors: Kink John A. , Bellio Michael A. , Forsberg Matthew H. , Lobo Alexandra , Thickens Anna S. , Lewis Bryson M. , Ong Irene M. , Khan Aisha , Capitini Christian M. , Hematti Peiman
Published: March 2024

Background

Hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) occurring after exposure to ionizing radiation damages bone marrow causing cytopenias, increasing susceptibility to infections and death. We and others have shown that cellular therapies like human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), or monocytes/macrophages educated ex-vivo with extracellular vesicles (EVs) from MSCs were effective in a lethal H-ARS mouse model. However, given the complexity of generating cellular therapies and the potential risks of using allogeneic products, development of an “off-the-shelf” cell-free alternative like EVs may have utility in conditions like H-ARS that require rapid deployment of available therapeutics. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of producing MSC-derived EVs at large scale using a bioreactor and assess critical quality control attributes like identity, sterility, and potency in educating monocytes and promoting survival in a lethal H-ARS mouse model.

Methods

EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation from unprimed and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed MSCs grown at large scale using a hollow fiber bioreactor and compared to a small scale system using flasks. The physical identity of EVs included a time course assessment of particle diameter, yield, protein content and surface marker profile by flow-cytometry. Comparison of the RNA cargo in EVs was determined by RNA-seq. Capacity of EVs to generate exosome educated monocytes (EEMos) was determined by qPCR and flow cytometry, and potency was assessed in vivo using a lethal ARS model with NSG mice.

Results

Physical identity of EVs at both scales were similar but yields by volume were up to 38-fold more using a large-scale bioreactor system. RNA-seq indicated that flask EVs showed upregulated let-7 family and miR-143 micro-RNAs. EEMos educated with LPS-EVs at each scale were similar, showing increased gene expression of IL-6, IDO, FGF-2, IL-7, IL-10, and IL-15 and immunophenotyping consistent with a PD-L1 high, CD16 low, and CD86 low cell surface expression. Treatment with LPS-EVs manufactured at both scales were effective in the ARS model, improving survival and clinical scores through improved hematopoietic recovery. EVs from unprimed MSCs were less effective than LPS-EVs, with flask EVs providing some improved survival while bioreactor EVs provide no survival benefit.

Conclusions

LPS-EVs as an effective treatment for H-ARS can be produced using a scale-up development manufacturing process, representing an attractive off-the-shelf, cell-free therapy.
Pre-clinical evaluation of the efficacy and safety of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte patch
Authors: Miyagawa Shigeru , Kawamura Takuji , Ito Emiko , Takeda Maki , Iseoka Hiroko , Yokoyama Junya , Harada Akima , Mochizuki-Oda Noriko , Imanishi-Ochi Yukiko , Li Junjun , Sasai Masao , Kitaoka Fumiyo , Nomura Masaki , Amano Naoki , Takahashi Tomoko , Dohi Hiromi , Morii Eiichi , Sawa Yoshiki
Published: March 2024

Background

Cell- or tissue-based regenerative therapy is an attractive approach to treat heart failure. A tissue patch that can safely and effectively repair damaged heart muscle would greatly improve outcomes for patients with heart failure. In this study, we conducted a preclinical proof-of-concept analysis of the efficacy and safety of clinical-grade human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CM) patches.

Methods

A clinical-grade hiPSC line was established using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a healthy volunteer that was homozygous for human leukocyte antigens. The hiPSCs were differentiated into cardiomyocytes. The obtained hiPSC-CMs were cultured on temperature-responsive culture dishes for patch fabrication. The cellular characteristics, safety, and efficacy of hiPSCs, hiPSC-CMs, and hiPSC-CM patches were analyzed.

Results

The hiPSC-CMs expressed cardiomyocyte-specific genes and proteins, and electrophysiological analyses revealed that hiPSC-CMs exhibit similar properties to human primary myocardial cells. In vitro and in vivo safety studies indicated that tumorigenic cells were absent. Moreover, whole-genome and exome sequencing revealed no genomic mutations. General toxicity tests also showed no adverse events posttransplantation. A porcine model of myocardial infarction demonstrated significantly improved cardiac function and angiogenesis in response to cytokine secretion from hiPSC-CM patches. No lethal arrhythmias were observed.

Conclusions

hiPSC-CM patches are promising for future translational research and may have clinical application potential for the treatment of heart failure.
Staphylococcus aureus and biofilms: transmission, threats, and promising strategies in animal husbandry
Authors: Song Mengda , Tang Qi , Ding Yakun , Tan Peng , Zhang Yucheng , Wang Tao , Zhou Chenlong , Xu Shenrui , Lyu Mengwei , Bai Yueyu , Ma Xi
Published: March 2024

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common pathogenic bacterium in animal husbandry that can cause diseases such as mastitis, skin infections, arthritis, and other ailments. The formation of biofilms threatens and exacerbates S. aureus infection by allowing the bacteria to adhere to pathological areas and livestock product surfaces, thus triggering animal health crises and safety issues with livestock products. To solve this problem, in this review, we provide a brief overview of the harm caused by S. aureus and its biofilms on livestock and animal byproducts (meat and dairy products). We also describe the ways in which S. aureus spreads in animals and the threats it poses to the livestock industry. The processes and molecular mechanisms involved in biofilm formation are then explained. Finally, we discuss strategies for the removal and eradication of S. aureus and biofilms in animal husbandry, including the use of antimicrobial peptides, plant extracts, nanoparticles, phages, and antibodies. These strategies to reduce the spread of S. aureus in animal husbandry help maintain livestock health and improve productivity to ensure the ecologically sustainable development of animal husbandry and the safety of livestock products.
I feel blue– teacher, can you help me? A study on the effect of digital literacies on language learners’ technostress, on-line engagement, autonomy, and academic success
Authors: Feng Xiuxia , Liu Huying
Published: March 2024

This phenomenological study explored the experiences of language learners in the digital age, specifically investigating the intersection of digital literacy, technostress, online engagement, autonomy, and academic success. Twenty participants, selected through purposive sampling, shared Chinese as their native language and were between 18 and 20 years old, with five participants being female. Employing interviews and document analysis, the study aimed to understand the subjective meanings, emotions, and perceptions associated with these phenomena. The findings revealed the multifaceted nature of technostress, the crucial role of digital literacy in shaping online engagement and autonomy, and the nuanced impact on academic success. These qualitative insights contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex relationships in the digital language learning landscape. The study has implications for educators, materials developers, syllabus designers, and policy-makers, providing practical insights to enhance language learning experiences in the digital era. Future research may further explore specific dimensions uncovered in this study to adapt educational practices to the evolving digital terrain.
STAT3–mediated up-regulation of DAB2 via SRC-YAP1 signaling axis promotes Helicobacter pylori-driven gastric tumorigenesis
Authors: Duan Yantao , Kong Pengfei , Huang Mingzhu , Yan Yonghao , Dou Yi , Huang Binhao , Guo Jing , Kang Wei , Zhu Caixia , Wang Yuyan , Zhou Donglei , Cai Qiliang , Xu Dazhi
Published: March 2024

Background

Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection is the primary cause of gastric cancer (GC). The role of Disabled-2 (DAB2) in GC remains largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of DAB2 in H pylori-mediated gastric tumorigenesis.

Methods

We screened various datasets of GC to analyze DAB2 expression and cell signaling pathways. DAB2 expression was assessed in human GC tissue microarrays. H pylori infection in vivo and in vitro models were further explored. Immunostaining, immunofluorescence, chromatin immunoprecipitation, co-immunoprecipitation, Western blot, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and luciferase reporter assays were performed in the current study.

Results

The bioinformatic analysis verified that DAB2 was 1 of the 8 genes contributed to tumorigenesis and associated with poor prognosis in GC. The median overall survival and disease-free survival rates in DAB2high group were significantly less than those in DAB2low group. These findings demonstrated that H pylori transcriptionally activated DAB2 expression via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-dependent pathway. By bioinformatics analysis and knockdown or overexpression of DAB2, we found that DAB2 upregulated Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) transcriptional activity. Mechanistically, DAB2 served as a scaffold protein for integrin beta 3 (ITGB3) and SRC proto-oncogene non-receptor tyrosine kinase (SRC), facilitated the phosphorylation of SRC, promoted the small GTPase ras homolog family member A (RHOA) activation and phosphorylation of YAP1, and ultimately enhanced the YAP1 transcriptional activity.

Conclusions

Altogether, these findings indicated that DAB2 is a key mediator in STAT3–regulated translation of YAP1 and plays crucial roles in H pylori-mediated GC development. DAB2 might serve as a novel therapeutic target for GC.
p53 biology and reactivation for improved therapy in MDS and AML
Authors: Zawacka Joanna E.
Published: March 2024

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) originate from preleukemic hematopoietic conditions, such as clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) or clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS) and have variable outcomes despite the successful implementation of targeted therapies. The prognosis differs depending on the molecular subgroup. In patients with TP53 mutations, the most inferior outcomes across independent studies were observed. Myeloid malignancies with TP53 mutations have complex cytogenetics and extensive structural variants. These factors contribute to worse responses to induction therapy, demethylating agents, or venetoclax-based treatments. Survival of patients with biallelic TP53 gene mutations is often less than one year but this depends on the type of treatment applied. It is still controversial whether the allelic state of mutant TP53 impacts the outcomes in patients with AML and high-risk MDS. Further studies are needed to justify estimating TP53 LOH status for better risk assessment. Yet, TP53-mutated MDS, MDS/AML and AML are now classified separately in the International Consensus Classification (ICC). In the clinical setting, the wild-type p53 protein is reactivated pharmacologically by targeting p53/MDM2/MDM4 interactions and mutant p53 reactivation is achieved by refolding the DNA binding domain to wild-type-like conformation or via targeted degradation of the mutated protein. This review discusses our current understanding of p53 biology in MDS and AML and the promises and failures of wild-type and mutant p53 reactivation in the clinical trial setting.
Temples as centres of communal networks: a case study of South Lantau
Authors: Cheung Sidney C. H. , Wong Alex W. H.
Published: March 2024

In the countryside, where intensive rural development and rising property values have been observed since the late 1970s, the preservation and meaning of traditional dwellings have emerged as crucial considerations in shaping Hong Kong’s countryside conservation policy. The focus of this paper is on the conservation of temples, as we are drawn to these structures not only for their architectural merit but also for their role as public buildings within the countryside. Consequently, their cultural significance is heavily influenced by the stakeholders they are associated with, distinguishing them from other types of dwellings.

This paper examines the coastal landscape of South Lantau, which includes several villages with distinct traditions that have undergone significant transformations since the 1960s. Located at the southwest edge of Hong Kong, Lantau Island had a rural lifestyle that was relatively undisturbed before WWII because of the difficulty in accessing the island. However, in response to the large people influx from China's mainland after 1949, the Hong Kong government introduced the Lantau Development Plan in 1953, mainly to open up new sources of freshwater resources for Hong Kong Island. The construction of South Lantau Road in 1955 and Shek Pik Reservoir in 1957 gradually led to the decline of agricultural activities in South Lantau and the population exodus of local villagers, resulting in a rupture to regional traditions.

In multilineage communities such as the villages on South Lantau, worship of a common deity provides a vital source of social bonding, particularly for an area long beset by typhoons, piracy and banditry. Local people pray for safety and prosperity through collective rituals and celebratory activities. Therefore, temples are not only religious establishments but also embody the sense of social solidarity among villagers on South Lantau. Through the case study of three rural villages on South Lantau, this paper examines how temples play an important role in the continuity of the communal network amid repercussions from the postwar disruption of traditional rural life. Significantly, this pilot study also draws attention to the functions of temples in their historical context. It emphasises the importance of recognising and re-evaluating these buildings for cultural enhancement as part of community engagement. This study provides valuable insights for future conservation efforts for religious buildings in the countryside.
Endocrine and Targeted Therapy for Hormone Receptor–Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer—Capivasertib-Fulvestrant: ASCO Rapid Recommendation Update
Authors: Burstein Harold J. , DeMichele Angela , Fallowfield Lesley , Somerfield Mark R. , Henry N. Lynn ,   for the Biomarker Testing and Endocrine and Targeted Therapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer Expert Panels, Henry N. Lynn , Dayao Zoneddy , Elias Anthony , Kalinsky Kevin , McShane Lisa M. , Moy Beverly , Park Ben Ho , Shanahan Kelly M. , Sharma Priyanka , Shatsky Rebecca , Stringer-Reasor Erica , Telli Melinda , Turner Nicholas C. , DeMichele Angela , Burstein Harold J. , Barton Debra L. , Dorris Ali , Fallowfield Lesley J. , Jain Dharamvir , Johnston Stephen R.D. , Korde Larissa A. , Litton Jennifer K. , Macrae Erin R. , Peterson Lindsay L. , Vikas Praveen , Yung Rachel L. , Rugo Hope S.
Published: March 2024

ASCO Rapid Recommendation Updates highlight revisions to select ASCO guideline recommendations as a response to the emergence of new and practice-changing data. The rapid updates are supported by an evidence review and follow the guideline development processes outlined in the ASCO Guideline Methodology Manual. The goal of these articles is to disseminate updated recommendations, in a timely manner, to better inform health practitioners and the public on the best available cancer care options. Guidelines and updates are not intended to substitute for independent professional judgment of the treating provider and do not account for individual variation among patients. See appendix for disclaimers and other important information ( Appendix 1 and Appendix 2 , online only).
Care Coordination Between Family Physicians and Palliative Care Physicians for Patients With Cancer: Results of a Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Cheon Stephanie , Tam Jonathan , Herx Leonie , Nowak Justyna , Goldie Craig , Kain Danielle , Iqbal Majid , Sinnarajah Aynharan , Mathews Jean
Published: March 2024

PURPOSE

At our institution's cancer palliative care (PC) clinic, new referrals from oncologists were scheduled for consultation and ongoing follow-up by PC physicians without input from the patients' family physicians (FPs). FPs reported that they felt out of the loop. We implemented a quality improvement (QI) initiative aimed at systematically facilitating care coordination between FPs and PC physicians.

METHODS

A coordination toolkit was sent from the PC physician to the FP whenever the PC physician received a consultation request from an oncologist. The toolkit included an introduction to the PC physician team; an opportunity for the FP to choose how best to collaborate with PC physicians to meet the patient's PC needs; and contact information for access to 24/7 PC physician support. Responses from FPs regarding their preferred level of engagement with PC determined further care planning in the clinic. We measured feasibility, response rate, and qualitative surveys of FPs about the usefulness of the intervention.

RESULTS

Two hundred fourteen new consultations were eligible for a standardized letter over the 6-month implementation period. Feasibility for sending the toolkit was 90.0% and response rate for collaborative care preference from FPs was 86.0%, with median response time of 3-4 days. 78.9% of FPs indicated they would prefer ongoing consultative care by the PC physician, while 18.6% indicated that PC physician consultation was not needed, or that the FP would provide primary PC after a one-time PC physician consultation.

CONCLUSION

We successfully implemented a QI initiative to improve care coordination between FPs and PC physicians for patients with cancer. The coordination toolkit can protect the patient-FP primary PC relationship and optimize specialist PC resource utilization for complex patients.
The Formal Demography of Peak Population
Authors: Goldstein Joshua R. , Cassidy Thomas
Published: March 2024

When will the human population peak? In this article, we build on classical results by Ansley Coale, who showed that when fertility declines steadily, births reach their maximum before fertility reaches replacement level, and the decline in total population size does not occur until several decades after fertility has reached that level. We extend Coale's results by modeling longevity increases, net immigration, and a slowdown in fertility decline that resembles current projections. With these extensions, our models predict a typical lag between replacement-level fertility and population decline of about 35 to 40 years, consistent with projections by the United Nations and about 15 years longer than the lag predicted by Coale. Our analysis helps reveal underlying factors in the timing of peak population.
F-box protein FBXB-65 regulates anterograde transport of the kinesin-3 motor UNC-104 through a PTM near its cargo-binding PH domain
Authors: Sabharwal Vidur , Boyanapalli Sri Padma Priya , Shee Amir , Nonet Michael L. , Nandi Amitabha , Chaudhuri Debasish , Koushika Sandhya P.
Published: March 2024

Axonal transport in neurons is essential for cargo movement between the cell body and synapses. Caenorhabditis elegans UNC-104 and its homolog KIF1A are kinesin-3 motors that anterogradely transport precursors of synaptic vesicles (pre-SVs) and are degraded at synapses. However, in C. elegans, touch neuron-specific knockdown of the E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme, uba-1, leads to UNC-104 accumulation at neuronal ends and synapses. Here, we performed an RNAi screen and identified that depletion of fbxb-65, which encodes an F-box protein, leads to UNC-104 accumulation at neuronal distal ends, and alters UNC-104 net anterograde movement and levels of UNC-104 on cargo without changing synaptic UNC-104 levels. Split fluorescence reconstitution showed that UNC-104 and FBXB-65 interact throughout the neuron. Our theoretical model suggests that UNC-104 might exhibit cooperative cargo binding that is regulated by FBXB-65. FBXB-65 regulates an unidentified post-translational modification (PTM) of UNC-104 in a region beside the cargo-binding PH domain. Both fbxb-65 and UNC-104, independently of FBXB-65, regulate axonal pre-SV distribution, transport of pre-SVs at branch points and organismal lifespan. FBXB-65 regulates a PTM of UNC-104 and the number of motors on the cargo surface, which can fine-tune cargo transport to the synapse.
Photoreceptor calyceal processes accompany the developing outer segment, adopting a stable length despite a dynamic core
Authors: Sharkova Maria , Aparicio Gonzalo , Mouzaaber Constantin , Zolessi Flavio R. , Hocking Jennifer C.
Published: March 2024

Vertebrate photoreceptors detect light through a large cilium-based outer segment, which is filled with photopigment-laden membranous discs. Surrounding the base of the outer segment are microvilli-like calyceal processes (CPs). Although CP disruption has been associated with altered outer segment morphology and photoreceptor degeneration, the role of the CPs remains elusive. Here, we used zebrafish as a model to characterize CPs. We quantified CP parameters and report a strong disparity in outer segment coverage between photoreceptor subtypes. CP length is stable across light and dark conditions, yet heat-shock inducible expression of tagged actin revealed rapid turnover of the CP actin core. Detailed imaging of the embryonic retina uncovered substantial remodeling of the developing photoreceptor apical surface, including a transition from dynamic tangential processes to vertically oriented CPs immediately prior to outer segment formation. Remarkably, we also found a direct connection between apical extensions of the Müller glia and retinal pigment epithelium, arranged as bundles around the ultraviolet sensitive cones. In summary, our data characterize the structure, development and surrounding environment of photoreceptor microvilli in the zebrafish retina.
Las mascotas se visten a la moda
Authors: Paredes Escobar Mario Rolando , Serrano Gil Ximena
Published: March 2024

El viejo adagio que reza “las mascotas se parecen a su dueños” ha evolucionado hacia una nueva interpretación: los dueños se expresan a través de sus fieles compañeros. Esto es lo que revela una reciente investigación llevada a cabo por la Universidad del Rosario en colaboración con universidades de España y Australia.
Escuelas colombianas, a renovarse para recibir a niños, niñas y adolescentes migrantes venezolanos
Authors: Urbano Canal Nathalia , Díaz Ríos Claudia , Leal Villamizar Lina María
Published: March 2024

Colombia es el principal receptor de personas provenientes del país vecino, y, más allá de esfuerzos aislados de héroes sin capa, como rectores y profesores, se requieren políticas públicas que propicien la integración y contrarresten fenómenos como la xenofobia.
ADINKRAS: UM PROJETO DE VALORIZAÇÃO DA CULTURA NEGRA NA ESCOLA
Authors: Dias Renata Francisco , Correa Lajara Janaína Lopes
Published: March 2024

O presente artigo se propõe a contribuir para a valorização da cultura africana e a consequente valorização da cultura negra na escola. Ele é um recorte de um estudo mais amplo, fruto de uma pesquisa desenvolvida junto à Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) para o curso de Pós-Graduação em Educação em Direitos Humanos, concluída em junho de 2022. Amparado pelas contribuições de Elisa Nascimento (2008; 2009) e Silvio de Almeida (2018), foi possível problematizar que em uma sociedade em que a discussão que envolve o racismo e as suas práticas ainda permanece tão necessária, a escola como elemento que a compõe, tem a responsabilidade de não se abster deste processo, seja compreendendo seu papel social, ou atendendo às proposições da Lei 10639/03. Neste sentido, foi elaborada, a partir da metodologia da aprendizagem baseada em projetos, uma sequência didática em 10 etapas, a ser aplicada com estudantes dos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, cuja intenção foi por meio da simbologia Adinkra própria dos povos Akan, conhecer mais profundamente a cultura africana, relacionar suas especificidades à formação social brasileira e valorizar a cultura negra em ambiente escolar. Ampliando esta perspectiva, percebe-se que é possível contribuir para a formação de sujeitos coerentes com uma sociedade diversa e mais humanizada.
Percepatan Kantin Vokasi ITS dalam Mendukung Zona KHAS (Kuliner Halal Aman dan Sehat) Indonesia
Authors: Wahyudi Ibnu Ari , Adziimaa Ahmad Fauzan , Patrialova Sefi Novendra , Anggun Adinda , Adi Danang , Zakky Ahmad , Rachmadi Rahadiyan , Avicenna Ruci , Fadilah Davan , Nurisalam Royhan , Rahmat Nugie , Saifullah Ahmad , Izzan M. , Rozak M. Abdul , Risyad Ibrahim
Published: March 2024

Program mahasiswa salah satunya adalah mengabdi kepada masyarakat dengan membangun ekosistem halal di kantin vokasi ITS. Mahasiswa disini berperan aktif sebagai pendamping para pelaku UMKM yang ada di sekitaran kantin vokasi ITS guna mendapatkan sertifikat halal. Pendampingan ini memiliki tujuan yakni produk makanan dan minuman yang ada di lingkungan kantin vokasi ini terjamin kehalalannya yang dibuktikan dengan sertifikasi halal. Dengan adanya hal ini dapat meningkatkan kepercayaan konsumen kantin vokasi. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini berbentuk pelatihan dan pendampingan kepada 3 UMKM serta pembinaan kepada pelaku usaha untuk melakukan pendaftaran sertifikasi halal dengan metode self declare maupun reguler serta membantu kegiatan sosialisasi dan publikasi setelah UMKM mendapatkan sertifikasi halal. Kegiatan ini memiliki hasil berupa 2 buah sertifikat halal pada produk yang dimiliki oleh pelaku usaha di lingkungan kantin Vokasi ITS.
Kebun Pohon Buah Langka: Kampanye Konservasi Tanaman Asli Indonesia di Desa Tambak Kalisogo, Jabon, Sidoarjo
Authors: Muzaki Farid Kamal , Cahyono Eko , Prastitianti Desy , Tawakkal Refer Iqbal
Published: March 2024

Sebagai suatu negara megabiodiversitas, Indonesia memiliki beragam spesies tumbuhan termasuk tanaman buah. Sayangnya, pohon buah asli Indonesia saat ini justru kurang diminati dengan berbagai alasan seperti rasa yang kurang manis, ukuran yang lebih kecil dan sebagainya. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan suatu upaya untuk memperkenalkan kembali keanekaragaman hayati pohon asli Indonesia, khususnya pohon penghasil buah. Upaya yang dimaksud salah satunya adalah dengan membuat atau membangun suatu kebun pohon buah langka di Desa Tambak Kalisogo, Kecamatan Jabon, Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Kegiatan telah dilaksanakan pada Juli 2021 hingga Mei 2022; berupa penanaman dan perawatan 13 spesies tanaman penghasil buah asli Indonesia yang telah mulai langka. Dalam jangka waktu tersebut, bibit tanaman menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang bagus dan memiliki tingkat kesintasan tinggi (90%). Kegiatan diharapkan memberikan dampak positif berupa pendapatan ekonomi bagi pengelola juga telah menjadi media edukasi bagi siswa sekolah dasar untuk mengenali keanekaragaman spesies pohon buah khususnya spesies asli dan langka Indonesia. Masyarakat dan perangkat desa memiliki persepsi yang bagus terkait pelaksanaan program dan mengharapkan adanya keberlanjutan dari program yang telah terlaksana.
Pelatihan Penyamakan Kulit Kelinci Berbulu kepada Peternak di Terminal Kelinci Bantul
Authors: Rahmawati Atiqa , Ajie Baskoro , Robbika Fadzkurisma , Wibowo R. Lukas Martindro Satrio Ari , Yuliatmo Ragil , Abdullah Sofwan Siddiq , Ukhdiyati Mustafidah
Published: March 2024

Kulit kelinci merupakan salah satu limbah yag dihasilkan dari peternakan kelinci. Pada umumnya kulit kelinci dimanfaatkan untuk pakan ternak, dan kulit yang sudah hampir membusuk dibuang ke badan air. Pemanfaatan kulit kelinci dapat dilakukan dengan menyamak kulit baik dengan bulu atau tanpa bulu. Pemanfaatan kulit kelinci dengan metode penyamakan dapat meningkatkan nilai jual kulit kelinci. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yaitu untuk memberikan pengetahuan kepada peternak kelinci dalam memanfaatkan kulit kelinci sehingga menghasilkan produk yang memiliki nilai jual yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kulit kelinci mentah. Metode kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yaitu dimulai dengan observasi masalah, melakukan FGD dengan stakeholder, perumusan solusi dengan tim pengabdian, persiapan alat dan bahan, pelaksanaan kegiatan, dan pelaporan kegiatan. Kegiatan pengabdian yaitu penyamakan kulit kelinci beserta bulunya dengan menggunakan bahan penyamak kromium dan aldehid. Hasil kegiatan program pengabdian yaitu kulit kelinci samak bulu yang dengan suhu kerut 85oC, mempunyai pegangan lemas dan bulu tidak mudah rontok. Sedangkan hasil evaluasi instruktur mempunyai rata-rata keseluruhan dari tiap aspek sebesar 83,8 (skala 0-100) dan evaluasi kegiatan mempunyai rata-rata keseluruhan dari tiap aspek sebesar 4,34 (skala 0-5). Kegiatan pengabdian diharapkan dapat memberikan pengetahuan bagi peternak kelinci sehingga dapat memanfaatkan kulit kelinci menjadi produk yang lebih mempunyai nilai ekonomi yang lebih tinggi.
Upaya Peningkatan Wawasan Maritim bagi Siswa SMA pada Sosialisasi Penerapan dan Implementasi K3 Bersama Nelayan di Kelurahan Kedung Cowek
Authors: Sambodho Kriyo , Mulyadi Yeyes , Syahroni Nur , Murdjito Murdjito , Prastianto Rudi Walujo , Wahyudi Wahyudi , Handayanu Handayanu
Published: March 2024

Sebagian besar mata pencaharian masyarakat Nambangan Perak, Kelurahan Kedung Cowek, Kecamatan Bulak, Kota Surabaya adalah sebagai nelayan tradisional dan pedagang ikan. Namun, pada tahun 2022 bulan September terdapat seorang nelayan yang hilang saat mencari ikan di perairan laut Nambangan Perak. Kasus hilangnya nelayan tersebut mendorong Tim Pengabdian Masyarakat Teknik Kelautan FTK ITS untuk membuat suatu kegiatan berupa pencerdasan/ sosialisasi guna meningkatkan pemahaman bidang K3 (Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja) di masyarakat Nambangan Perak. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang dilaksanakan oleh Tim Abmas Teknik Kelautan FTK ITS terbagi menjadi dua rangkaian kegiatan. Kegiatan pertama dilaksanakan di SMAN 6 Surabaya dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan pengelolaan potensi sumber daya kelautan di kalangan siswa dan kegiatan kedua dilaksanakan di Nambangan Perak Surabaya sebagai bentuk edukasi kepada nelayan tradisional tentang keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3), kewaspadaan nelayan dan pengembangan sumber daya manusia. Tujuan dilaksanakannya kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk mengedukasi siswa SMA melalui aktivitas pencerdasan sehingga siswa sekolah semakin menyadari pentingnya potensi bidang maritim untuk kemajuan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat Indonesia.
Pembuatan dan Pelatihan Studio Mini untuk Pondok Pesantren Raudlatul Ulum 1 Suramadu Sebagai Media Dakwah
Authors: Suwito Suwito , Kusuma Hendra , Tasripan Tasripan , Irfansyah Astria Nur , Pirngadi Harris , Ermavitalini Dini , Iskandar Eka , Yuwana Lila , Arifin Muchamad
Published: March 2024

Konten ceramah agama adalah salah satu topik yang sangat populer dan berpengaruh besar terhadap pola pikir masyarakat. Pesantren Raudlatul Ulum 1 Suramadu diasuh oleh seorang ulama yang memiliki kapasitas keilmuan tinggi yaitu K.H. Ma’kruf Khozin. Beliau saat ini menjadi ketua bidang fatwa MUI Jawa Timur. Ceramah-ceramah beliau sangat berbobot, mencerahkan, menarik dan mudah difahami. Ceramah tersebut banyak membahas fikih agama Islam dari berbagai sudut pandang. Masalahnya adalah masih sedikit dokumentasi dalam bentuk video apalagi yang diupload pada kanal YouTube. Kendala utama dari masalah tersebut adalah kurangnya sarana perekaman video, sistem pengolah dan pengunggah video ke kanal YouTube yang baik dan mudah dioperasikan oleh santri pondok pesantren dimana notabene kurang mengenal teknologi. Pada pengabdian masyarakat ini kami akan menghibahkan sebuah studio mini. Studio ini merupakan sebuah desktop komputer yang dilengkapi dengan peralatan audio dan video untuk perekaman dan dipacking dalam sebuah mini troli sehingga mudah dipindahkan. Software pengolah video menggunakan jenis open source yaitu Open Broadcaster Software (OBS) yang sangat mudah dan tidak berbayar. Topik ini sesuai dengan satu dari 17 tujuan Peta Jalan dan Tema Ungulan Pusat Kajian Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (SDGs) 2023 yakni Pendidikan (Education),yaitu menjamin pendidikan yang berkualitas, inklusif dan adil, meningkatkan kesempatan belajar bagi semua. Studio mini ini digunakan untuk merekam dan mengunggah ceramah ustadz-ustadz di Ponpes Raudlatul Ulum 1 Suramadu ke kanal sosial media, sehingga menambah jumlah referensi video pembelajaran agama bagi masyarakat Indonesia dan dunia sehingga meningkatkan toleransi dalam beragama dan antar umat beragama.
Effect of Secondary Infections and Risk Factors on the Outcome of Covid-19 Patients in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Salma Aisyah Dhiya , - Arifin , Saptawati Leli
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an infection caused by a virus with a high virulence level, which has progressively become a pandemic. Several studies have shown that risk factors and comorbidities associated with the disease can lead to severe and critical pneumonia requiring ICU treatment. This indicates that a proper understanding is needed in selecting the right therapy and determining patient prognosis. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the risk factors affecting the outcome of Covid-19 patients in the ICU of Regional General Hospital Dr. Moewardi Surakarta.

Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study with a total sampling technique. The risk factors analyzed included old age, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, Invasive Mechanical Ventilators (IMV) use, and secondary infections. Data collection was carried out by reading medical records, as well as blood and/or sputum culture results of Covid-19 patients at the study location from March-October 2020. The data obtained were then analyzed using the chi-square statistical analysis and logistic regression (α = 0.05) with SPSS software version 21.

Results: Based on the chi-square test, ventilator type (p<0.001), and secondary infection (p=0.004) were statistically associated with the outcome of Covid-19 patients. Meanwhile, age (p=0.739), hypertension (p=0.202), cardiovascular disease (p=0.073), and diabetes mellitus (p=0.124) had no statistical relationship. The logistic regression test results showed that IMV was a risk factor for Covid-19 death and secondary infection was associated with mortality.

Conclusion: The ventilator type and secondary infection had a significant relationship with the outcome of Covid-19 patients. Furthermore, IMV use was a risk factor for mortality among infected people.