bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Homologous gradient heterostructure‐based artificial synapses for neuromorphic computation
Authors: Teng Changjiu , Yu Qiangmin , Sun Yujie , Ding Baofu , Chen Wenjun , Zhang Zehao , Liu Bilu , Cheng Hui‐Ming
Published: July 2022

Gradient heterostructure is one of fundamental interfaces and provides an effective platform to achieve gradually changed properties in mechanics, optics, and electronics. Among different types of heterostructures, the gradient one may provide multiple resistive states and immobilized conductive filaments, offering great prospect for fabricating memristors with both high neuromorphic computation capability and repeatability. Here, we invent a memristor based on a homologous gradient heterostructure (HGHS), comprising a conductive transition metal dichalcogenide and an insulating homologous metal oxide. Memristor made of Ta–TaSxOy–TaS2 HGHS exhibits continuous potentiation/depression behavior and repeatable forward/backward scanning in the read‐voltage range, which are dominated by multiple resistive states and immobilized conductive filaments in HGHS, respectively. Moreover, the continuous potentiation/depression behavior makes the memristor serve as a synapse, featuring broad‐frequency response (10−1–105 Hz, covering 106 frequency range) and multiple‐mode learning (enhanced, depressed, and random‐level modes) based on its natural and motivated forgetting behaviors. Such HGHS‐based memristor also shows good uniformity for 5 × 7 device arrays. Our work paves a way to achieve high‐performance integrated memristors for future artificial neuromorphic computation.

image
Is the discrimination against migrant workers tending toward zero in urban China?
Authors: Alam Mohammad Altaf‐Ul , He Xiaobo
Published: July 2022

The paper analyzes earnings differences between rural–urban migrants and urban workers in China to examine the proposition that discrimination against migrant workers is tending toward zero. Blinder‐Oaxaca decomposition is applied using the 2013 China Household Income Project (CHIP) database to find out the extent of discrimination against migrant workers. The results show the existence of wage difference between the two groups, however, most of the wage difference can be explained by observable characteristics implying that discrimination is on the wane. Assuming the urban worker's wage as a nondiscriminatory wage, the benchmark model shows that 82.9% of the wage difference can be explained by individual endowments. Furthermore, including occupation and industry variables the extended model can explain 91.8% leaving only 8.2% as the source of wage discrimination. Using the combined and Cotton (1988) method, the explanatory part is still very high (89.2% and 86.3%) although a bit lower than the previous method. To further support the proposition, we also do the same exercise using 2007 CHIP data that shows a higher percentage of discrimination (36.2%), implying that discrimination decreased in 2013 compared to 2007. A cautious review of similar literature also supports the view. In short, wage discrimination against migrant workers is tending toward zero in recent urban China.
On the validity of interpreting functional analyses of inappropriate mealtime behavior using structured criteria
Authors: Guerrero Lisa A. , Engler Christopher W. , Hansen Bethany A. , Piazza Cathleen C.
Published: July 2022

Visual inspection is the traditional method behavior analysts use to interpret functional‐analysis results. Limitations of visual inspection include lack of standardized rules, subjectivity, and inconsistent interrater reliability (Fisch, 1998). To address these limitations, researchers have developed, evaluated, and refined structured criteria to aid interpretation of functional analyses of destructive behavior (Hagopian et al., 1997; Roane et al., 2013; Saini et al., 2018). The current study applied the structured criteria Saini et al. (2018) described to functional analyses of inappropriate mealtime behavior. We assessed its predictive validity and evaluated its efficiency relative to 3 post hoc visual inspection procedures. Validity metrics were lower than those in Saini et al. however, ongoing visual inspection increased the efficiency of functional analyses by more than 30%. We discuss these findings relative to the procedural differences between functional analyses of destructive behavior and inappropriate mealtime behavior.
Estimating the Incidence and Key Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients at High Risk of Imminent Fracture Using Routinely Collected Real-World Data From the UK
Authors: Pineda-Moncusí Marta , El-Hussein Leena , Delmestri Antonella , Cooper Cyrus , Moayyeri Alireza , Libanati Cesar , Toth Emese , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel , Khalid Sara
Published: July 2022

The objective of this work was to estimate the incidence rate of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (myocardial infarction, stroke, or CVD death) at 1 year among three cohorts of patients at high risk of fracture (osteoporosis, previous fracture, and anti-osteoporosis medication) and to identify the key risk factors of CVD events in these three cohorts. To do so, this prospective cohort study used data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, a primary care database from United Kingdom. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, a composite outcome for the occurrence of either myocardial infarction [MI], stroke, or CVD death) were identified in patients aged 50 years or older at high or imminent fracture risk identified in three different cohorts (not mutually exclusive): recently diagnosed with osteoporosis (OST, n = 65,295), incident fragility fracture (IFX, n = 67,065), and starting oral bisphosphonates (OBP, n = 145,959). About 1.90%, 4.39%, and 2.38% of the participants in OST, IFX, and OBP cohorts, respectively, experienced MACE events. IFX was the cohort with the higher risk: MACE incidence rates (cases/1000 person-years) were 19.63 (18.54–20.73) in OST, 52.64 (50.7–54.5) in IFX, and 26.26 (25.41–27.12) in OBP cohorts. Risk of MACE events at 1 year was predicted in the three cohorts. Models using a set of general, CVD, and fracture candidates selected by lasso regression had a good discrimination (≥70%) and internal validity and generally outperformed the models using only the CVD risk factors of general population listed in QRISK tool. Main risk factors common in all MACE models were sex, age, smoking, alcohol, atrial fibrillation, antihypertensive medication, prior MI/stroke, established CVD, glomerular filtration rate, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and number of concomitant medicines. Identified key risk factors highlight the differences of patients at high risk of fracture versus general population. Proposed models could improve prediction of CVD events in patients with osteoporosis in primary care settings. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).

Abstract

Among individuals at high risk of imminent fractures, those with incident fractures were at highest risk. A cardiovascular risk prediction tool was developed specifically for those at high risk of imminent fractures. The proposed tool outperforms existing models used in current clinical practice.
A novel chromosome 2q24.3‐q32.1 microdeletion in a fetus with multiple malformations
Authors: Zhu Mianmian , Wang Yihong , Guan Lijie , Lu Chaosheng , Sun Rongyue , Chen Yuan , Shi Jiamin , Zhu Yanying , Wang Dan
Published: July 2022

Background

Terminal or interstitial deletion of chromosome 2q is rarely reported but clinically significant, which can result in developmental malformations and psychomotor retardation in humans. In the present study, we analyzed this deletion to comprehensively clarify the relationship between phenotype and microdeletion region.

Methods

We collected clinical records of the fetus and summarized patient symptoms. Subsequently, genomic DNA was extracted from fetal tissue or peripheral blood collected from parents. In addition, whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and copy number variation sequencing (CNV‐seq) were performed.

Results

The fetus presented a previously unreported interstitial deletion of 2q24.3‐q32.1. WES and CNV‐seq revealed a de novo 18.46 Mb deletion at 2q24.3‐q32.1, a region involving 94 protein‐coding genes, including HOXD13, MAP3K20, DLX1, DLX2, SCN2A, and SCN1A. The fetus had upper and lower limb malformations, including camptodactyly and syndactyly, along with congenital cardiac defects.

Conclusion

Herein, we report a fetus with a novel microdeletion of chromosome 2q24.3‐q32.1, likely a heterozygous pathogenic variant. Haploinsufficiency of HOXD13 might be related to limb deformity in the fetus.
Structured group psychotherapies: Advantages, challenges, and possibilities
Authors: Kealy David , Kongerslev Mickey T.
Published: July 2022

Objective: Structured group therapies offer the delivery of theory‐specific interventions combined with beneficial group processes. Usually time‐limited, such treatments present several advantages for both clinicians and patients. Methods: Several different models of structured group therapy are highlighted, with a brief description of their intended populations and treatment mechanisms. Results: Possibilities and challenges in the advancement of structured group psychotherapy are discussed. Conclusion: Further research and training efforts are needed to support the expansion of structured group treatments, which in turn may help to increase patient access to effective psychotherapy.
Psychological improvement in Employee Productivity by Maintaining Attendance System using Machine Learning Behavior
Authors: Santhose Samuel Sam , Anisha Baby
Published: July 2022

For a very long time, researchers, educationists, practitioners, and psychologists have tried to conduct extensive research on employee productivity at the workplace. It was firmly believed that positive traits of the employees positively affect the performance of employees at the workplace and, at the same time, increase the productivity of the organization. A few organizations have changed their organizational policies to improve employee performance by identifying individuals' positive traits. Positive psychology (PS), unlike traditional psychology, focuses on the positive traits of the individuals rather than on their negative aspects. Hence, this paper intends to analyze the important role of PS in improving employee productivity as well as analyze the psychological improvement in Employee Productivity by Maintaining Attendance Systems, Implementing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR activities), Entrepreneurial Intentions (EI), and Machine Learning Behavior (MLB). This study paper investigates the role of attendance systems, CSR, EI, and MLB in enhancing the employees' productivity in a positive manner, which will eventually increase organizational productivity. This study proposes a research framework and hypothesis that explains the relationship between employee productivity and organizational attendance system, CSR, EI, and MLB. For this study, a questionnaire was prepared and distributed among the employees working in the selected organizations. These data verify the validity of the proposed hypothesis and research framework. Statistical approaches were employed to analyze the results of the proposed hypothesis. Results of the study found that by maintaining an attendance system, implementing CSR, EI, and MLB, employee performance can be improved positively, thereby increasing organizational productivity.
Focus variation due to near infrared laser in a confocal microscope
Authors: Matrecitos‐Avila Melissa , Avila Remy , Pimentel‐Domínguez Reinher , Cuevas Salvador , Tamariz Elisa , Loza‐Alvarez Pablo
Published: July 2022

Focus precision and stability is crucial in confocal microscopy not only for image sharpness but also to avoid radiometric fluctuations that can wrongly be interpreted as variations of the fluorescence intensity in the sample. Here we report a focus variation provoked by a continuous wave laser of 810‐nm wavelength introduced along the optical path of an inverted confocal microscope with an oil immersion ×60 objective. When the laser is turned on or off, the focus position drifts toward lower or high values of the vertical coordinate z, respectively. The maximum drift observed was 2.25 𝜇m for a laser power of 40 mW at the sample and over a 600‐s exposure time. The temporal evolution of the focus position is well fitted by exponential curves that mimic temperature variations due to a heat source. Our analysis strongly suggests that the focus drift is due to heating of the immersion oil.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and lytic reactivation of herpesviruses: A potential threat in the postpandemic era?
Authors: Chen Jungang , Song Jiao , Dai Lu , Post Steven R. , Qin Zhiqiang
Published: July 2022

The outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), which is the causative pathogen for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, has greatly stressed our healthcare system. In addition to severe respiratory and systematic symptoms, several comorbidities increase the risk of fatal disease outcomes, including chronic viral infections. Increasing cases of lytic reactivation of human herpesviruses in COVID‐19 patients and vaccinated people have been reported recently. SARS‐CoV2 coinfection, COVID‐19 treatments, and vaccination may aggravate those herpesvirus‐associated diseases by reactivating the viruses in latently infected host cells. In this review, we summarize recent clinical findings and limited mechanistic studies regarding the relationship between SARS‐CoV‐2 and different human herpesviruses that suggest an ongoing potential threat to human health in the postpandemic era.
In capillary labeling and online electrophoretic separation of N‐glycans from glycoproteins
Authors: Yang Bin , Mai Thanh Duc , Tran Nguyet Thuy , Taverna Myriam
Published: July 2022

In this study, we present a new approach for in‐capillary fluorescent labeling of N‐glycans prior to their analysis with CE coupled with laser‐induced fluorescent detection. This integrated approach allows using a CE capillary as a microreactor to perform several steps required for labeling glycans with 8‐aminopyrene‐1,3,6 trisulfonic acid and at the same time as a separation channel for CE of fluorescently labeled glycans. This could be achieved through careful optimization of all different steps, including sequential injections of fluorescent dye and glycan plugs, mixing by transverse diffusion of laminar flow profiles, incubation in a thermostatic zone, and finally separation and detection with CE. Such a complex sample treatment protocol for glycan labeling that is feasible thus far only in batchwise mode can now be converted into an automated and integrated protocol. Our approach was applied successfully to analyze fluorescently labeled N‐linked oligosaccharides released from human immunoglobulin G and rituximab, a monoclonal antibody used for cancer treatment. We demonstrated the superiority of this in‐capillary approach over the conventional in‐tube protocol, with fourfold less reagent consumption and full automation without remarkable degradation of the glycan separation profile obtained by capillary electrophoresis.
Positioning for Middle Cranial Fossa Repair of Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence
Authors: Andresen Nicholas S. , Krishnan Pavan S. , Lin Brian M. , Formeister Eric , Carey John P.
Published: July 2022

Superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SCD) repair through the middle cranial fossa approach is typically performed on a patient in the supine position and the patient's head is turned to the contralateral side and secured with surgical pinions or supported on a headrest. However, traditional supine positioning method may place strain on the patient's neck, limit the surgeon's visualization of the dehiscence due to inadequate head rotation, and compromise the ergonomic positioning of the surgeon. Here, we present a novel positioning method for middle fossa SCD repair that allows for optimal head rotation in a semi‐supine position, requires less set‐up and patient manipulation than the park bench position, and does not require the use of surgical pins. Laryngoscope, 133:1218–1221, 2023
Workability and corrosion behavior studies on sintered iron‐based hybrid powder metallurgy alloys
Authors: Palaksha Reddy Kathhi , Kandavel Thanjavur Krishnamoorthi , Nelson Raja Selvaraj
Published: July 2022

Sintered low carbon steels are developed using prealloyed and elemental powders to improve the mechanical properties of powder metallurgy and powder forged parts. The research focuses on the mechanism of workability and corrosion studies on sintered preforms of Alloy 1 (ATOMET4601 + 0.35%C) and Alloy 2 (ATOMET4601‐0.35%C‐0.25%Mn‐0.1%Si‐0.9%Cr). Sintered preforms of relative densities of 81%, 84%, and 90% were used for the present work. The preforms with 84% relative density have been used to study the formability parameters. It is observed from the experimental study that the Alloy 2 preforms with the addition of alloying elements have undergone lesser densification and deformation due to the work hardening mechanism. Corrosion studies have been carried out by conducting aqueous immersion and electrochemical corrosion tests on these two alloys using 18% HCl solution at different timings. It is found that the Alloy 2 has exhibited a better corrosion resistance than the Alloy 1 due to the addition of various alloying elements. It is also observed that the corrosion rate has decreased with an increase in densification irrespective of the alloys. The microstructures, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction of corroded surfaces have been corroborated with densification and the corrosion behavior of alloys.
Tanh Jacobi spectral collocation method for the numerical simulation of nonlinear Schrödinger equations on unbounded domain
Authors: Mostafa Dina , Zaky Mahmoud A. , Hafez Ramy M. , Hendy Ahmed S. , Abdelkawy Mohamed A. , Aldraiweesh Ahmed A.
Published: July 2022

We present a class of orthogonal functions on infinite domain based on Jacobi polynomials. These functions are generated by applying a tanh transformation to Jacobi polynomials. We construct interpolation and projection error estimates using weighted pseudo‐derivatives tailored to the involved mapping. Then, using the nodes of the newly introduced tanh Jacobi functions, we develop an efficient spectral tanh Jacobi collocation method for the numerical simulation of nonlinear Schrödinger equations on the infinite domain without using artificial boundary conditions. The applicability and accuracy of the solution method are demonstrated by two numerical examples for solving the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and the nonlinear Ginzburg–Landau equation.
Roseburia hominis Alleviates Neuroinflammation via Short‐Chain Fatty Acids through Histone Deacetylase Inhibition
Authors: Song Lijin , Sun Qinghua , Zheng Haonan , Zhang Yiming , Wang Yujing , Liu Shuangjiang , Duan Liping
Published: July 2022

Scope

The gut microbiota plays a prominent role in gut–brain interactions and gut dysbiosis is involved in neuroinflammation. However, specific probiotics targeting neuroinflammation need to be explored. In this study, the antineuroinflammatory effect of the potential probiotic Roseburia hominis (R. hominis) and its underlying mechanisms is investigated.

Methods and results

First, germ‐free (GF) rats are orally treated with R. hominis. Microglial activation, proinflammatory cytokines, levels of short‐chain fatty acids, depressive behaviors, and visceral sensitivity are assessed. Second, GF rats are treated with propionate or butyrate, and microglial activation, proinflammatory cytokines, histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), and histone H3 acetyl K9 (Ac‐H3K9) are analyzed. The results show that R. hominis administration inhibits microglial activation, reduces the levels of IL‐1α, INF‐γ, and MCP‐1 in the brain, and alleviates depressive behaviors and visceral hypersensitivity in GF rats. Moreover, the serum levels of propionate and butyrate are increased significantly in the R. hominis‐treated group. Propionate or butyrate treatment reduces microglial activation, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and HDAC1, and promotes the expression of Ac‐H3K9 in the brain.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that R. hominis alleviates neuroinflammation by producing propionate and butyrate, which serve as HDAC inhibitors. This study provides a potential psychoprobiotic to reduce neuroinflammation.
miR‐24‐3p regulation of retinol binding protein 4 in trophoblast biofunction and preeclampsia
Authors: Li Zhan , Ru Xiaoli , Wang Shuzhen , Cao Guangming
Published: July 2022

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy‐related disease and is the leading cause of overall maternal mortality and morbidity. Our previous studies have shown that the serum and placental levels of retinol‐binding protein 4 (RBP4) in PE are reduced. Our previous bioinformatics analysis predicted that RBP4 is a target of the microRNA miRNA‐24‐3p. In this study, our database analysis also indicated that RBP4 is a miR‐24‐3p target. Compared with that of the normal placenta, the expression level of RBP4 in human PE placenta was significantly reduced, and miR‐24‐3p was highly expressed. In HTR‐8/SVneo cells, transfection of exogenous miR‐24‐3p reduced RBP4 expression. A dual‐luciferase reporter assay validated RBP4 as a direct target of miR‐24‐3p, indicating that it directly binds to the 3′‐untranslated region of RBP4. This binding was reversed by a mutation in the microRNA‐binding site. Transwell invasion experiments and CCK8 assay showed that inhibitory effect of miR‐24‐3p reduced RBP4 mediated HTR‐8/SVneo cell invasion and proliferation. These data provide a new overarching perspective on the physiological role played by miR‐24‐3p in regulating RBP4 during trophoblast dysfunction and PE development.
Measurement of apparent diffusion constant on the cross‐section of thin PVA films under a free swelling condition with a facile electronic device
Authors: Gao Meiling , Wan Xianglong , Lai Shengfa , Hu Kaiqiang , Chen Xihui , Zeng Fei , Chen Zhibo , Qian Yanfeng , Cui Hao , Zhu Jianghui , Ding Guoxin
Published: July 2022

The importance of predicting the diffusion coefficient to describe the diffusion process in glassy polymers is obvious. However, most of the direct measurements of diffusion coefficients are time‐consuming, expensive and system intrusive. Here, we report a facile method to measure the apparent diffusion constant on the cross‐section of thin PVA film with a device that is structured with a thin conductive film. The results can employ diffusion and the solution conductivity theory well. The diffusion time and the conductivity of the device are determined by the process of solution passing through the cross‐section of thin PVA film and reaching the conductive substrate. The data detected the apparent diffusion constant in diffusion and the concentration gradient of the solution on the interface between the PVA film and conductive film. This device provides a simple, rapid, and effective way to study the apparent diffusion constant in PVA film. It holds great potential in predicting the diffusion process of a thin glassy polymer film.
Mechanical properties of heat‐treated polypropylene separators for Lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Moghim Mohammad Hadi , Nahvibayani Ashkan , Eqra Rahim
Published: July 2022

Lithium‐ion battery separators act as components that have a function of thermal shutdown at a specific temperature for safety issues. Exposing these separators at high temperatures, lower than the shutdown temperature, can affect the performance, structure, and properties of these batteries. In this research, the effect of thermal shrinkage on the structural characterization, thermal and mechanical properties, and ionic conductivity of a polypropylene (PP) lithium‐ion battery separator was studied. The obtained results showed that the PP separator had not any thermal shrinkage along the transverse direction (TD) at different temperatures, but thermal shrinkage along the machine direction (MD) increased from 1.2% at 100°C to 45.9% at 160°C. Heat treatment of the PP separator above 150°C resulted in no air permeability, and the porosities being completely closed. The yield strength along TD was increased due to thermal shrinkage and this behavior enhanced with heat treatment temperature to about 280%. Tensile properties of the separator showed strain‐rate dependency along MD and TD. The puncture failure mode of puncture test was changed from a zigzag surface along TD (failure mode B) at the low heat treatment temperature to cracks along MD at the higher temperature. Finally, the ionic conductivity was decreased from 0.7409 mS.cm−1 for the untreated sample to 0.6881 mS.cm−1 for the heat‐treated PP separator at 130°C.
Agglomeration in Composite Propellants Containing Different Nano‐Aluminum Powders
Authors: Cohen Ortal , Michaels Dan , Yavor Yinon
Published: July 2022

In order to improve nano‐aluminized solid propellant properties and performance, different materials are being investigated for coating nano‐aluminum particles. Two of the powders which are considered are V‐ALEX, a fluoropolymer (Viton) coated nano‐aluminum, and L‐ALEX, a stearic acid coated nano‐aluminum. It is believed that a thin layer of coating should protect the aluminum core from premature oxidation, as well as provide an exothermic source which may accelerate particle ignition, resulting in reduction of agglomeration.

This paper investigates the effect on the agglomeration phenomenon of replacing 33 % of the micron aluminum powder with ALEX, V‐ALEX and L‐ALEX powders, in solid propellant samples containing 20 % HTPB, 65 % AP and 15 % aluminum. Propellant strands were burned inside a windowed pressure chamber, allowing measurements of the agglomerates size and number using a high‐speed camera.

The experimental data showed that propellants in which 33 % of the micron aluminum was replaced with nano‐powders exhibited reduced agglomeration, in terms of number of agglomerates and their total volume. The reason is the lower ignition time and temperature of the nano‐powders that ignite before aggregating to agglomerates. The propellants containing ALEX nano‐powder exhibited a reduction of up to 36 % in agglomerates volume compared to the propellants containing only micron powder, while the propellants containing coated nano‐powders, L‐ALEX and V‐ALEX, showed a higher reduction of up to 60 % in agglomerates volume. V‐ALEX showed slightly better performance than L‐ALEX. It can be concluded that by replacing some of the micron‐aluminum with coated nano‐aluminum in solid propellants, it is possible to significantly reduce the propulsive losses due to agglomeration.
Shock Initiation and Detonation Parameters of Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL‐20)
Authors: Utkin Alexander , Mochalova Valentina , Zubareva Alla , Rykova Viktoriya , Sosikov Vasilii , Yakushev Vladislav
Published: July 2022

Experimental studies of the reaction zone structure in hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL‐20) at different initial densities with a multichannel VISAR laser interferometer have been carried out. It is shown that the flow in the reaction zone corresponds to the Zeldovich‐von Neumann‐ Döring theory with a characteristic reaction time of 50 ns. The dependence of the detonation velocity on the initial density is well approximated by a similar line for HMX with a charge diameter of 20 mm. With a decrease in diameter to 4 mm, a sharp drop in the detonation parameters of CL‐20 has been recorded. The initiation of detonation under shockwave action is investigated, and the comparison of data for CL‐20 and PETN has shown that their shockwave sensitivity is quite close. The experiments on the acceleration of thin steel plates by detonating CL‐20 charges have been performed, and it is found that its accelerating ability is higher than that of HMX and retarded RDX.
The design and analysis of vaccine trials for COVID‐19 for the purpose of estimating efficacy
Authors: Senn Stephen
Published: July 2022

After a preliminary explanation as to how I came to know Andy Grieve and some remarks about his career and mine and how they have intersected, I consider the design and analysis of trials of vaccines for COVID‐19 for the purpose of estimating efficacy. Five large trials, run by the sponsors Pfizer/BioNTech, AstraZeneca/Oxford University, Moderna, Novavax and J&J Janssen are considered briefly. Frequentist approaches to analysis were used for four of the trials but Pfizer/BioNTech nominated a Bayesian approach. The design and analysis of this trial is considered in some detail, in particular as regards the choice of prior distribution. I conclude by drawing some general lessons.
Left upper lobectomy with combined distal aortic arch and left subclavian artery resection after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Takanashi Yusuke , Funai Kazuhito , Kawase Akikazu , Takahashi Daisuke , Sekihara Keigo , Matsubayashi Yuta , Hayakawa Takamitsu , Yamashita Katsushi , Shiiya Norihiko
Published: July 2022

T4 locally advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a heterogeneous group with a great variety of involved organs and is associated with a poor prognosis. However, appropriately selected patients benefit from surgical resection. The surgical indication must be carefully considered based on the risk–benefit between high surgical stress and expected prognosis, particularly in cases with probable aortic involvement. Here, we report a long‐term survival case of left upper lobe squamous cell carcinoma, in which lobectomy and combined distal aortic arch and left subclavian artery resection achieved a complete resection after induction chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Appropriate patient selection considering expected prognosis, induction CRT and complete resection under well‐planned cardiopulmonary bypass are essential to achieve a long‐term survival on T4 NSCLC with a probable aortic involvement
Real‐time trajectory prediction of laparoscopic instrument tip based on long short‐term memory neural network in laparoscopic surgery training
Authors: Wang Ziheng , Yan Zhengxiang , Xing Yuan , Wang Honglei
Published: July 2022

Background

To provide appropriate surgical training guidance, some skill evaluation and safety detection methods have been developed. However, these methods are difficult to provide predictive information for trainees. This paper proposes a new approach for real‐time trajectory prediction of the laparoscopic instrument tip to improve surgical training and the patient safety.

Methods

This paper proposes a real‐time trajectory prediction model of laparoscopic instrument tip based on long short‐term memory (LSTM) neural network. Meanwhile, motion state is introduced to capture more motion information of the instrument tip and improve the model performance.

Results

The feasibility, effectiveness and generalisation ability of this proposed model are preliminarily verified. The model shows satisfactory prediction accuracy for the trajectory of the laparoscopic instrument tip.

Conclusion

LSTM neural network can accurately predict the movement trajectory of the laparoscopic instrument tip. The prediction model can play a critical role in operational risk perception in advance, which can be used in laparoscopic surgery training.
Bemessung und Ausführung von Membrantragwerken nach prCEN/TS 19102
Authors: Uhlemann Jörg , Stimpfle Bernd , Stranghöner Natalie
Published: July 2022

Der vorliegende Beitrag spiegelt die fortschreitende Entwicklung der ersten europäischen Bemessungsnorm für den Membranbau wider. Sie wird als CEN/TS 19102 „Design of tensioned membrane structures“ veröffentlicht werden. Neben Bemessungsregeln wird sie übergangsweise u. a. auch auf das Bemessungskonzept abgestimmte Ausführungsregeln beinhalten. Der aktuelle Stand der geplanten Regelungen dieser beiden Teilbereiche wird im Beitrag präsentiert.
Ship Encounter Scenario and Maneuvering Behavior Mining Based on AIS Data
Authors: Zhao Yinqiu , Suo Yongfeng , Xian Bo
Published: July 2022

In order to gain a deep understanding of the operation of different ships in different time states and understand the geographical distribution of the encounters of ships near Gulei Port and the maneuvering behavior patterns of ships in the port area, this essay is different from the traditional single ship versus multi-target ship research. Through the comprehensive processing and data regulation of Gulei Port AIS (Automatic Identification System) data, the ships with consistent temporal and spatial characteristics are found, and the time and geographical position of the voyage data are revised, which solves the problem of asynchronous data processing of multi-target ships at different times. By ship navigation data mining, obtaining the trajectory distribution of the ship under a certain time condition, the distribution of the encounter area, the geographical distribution of the speed, and the law of ship speed and heading changes triggered by the formation of the encounter, summing up the same behavioral characteristics of different ship maneuvering modes in the port area at low speed.
Natural mass hierarchy among three heavy Majorana neutrinos for resonant leptogenesis under modular A4 symmetry
Authors: Kang Dong Woo , Kim Jongkuk , Nomura Takaaki , Okada Hiroshi
Published: July 2022

Abstract

It is clear that matter is dominant in the Universe compared to antimatter. We call this problem baryon asymmetry. The baryon asymmetry is experimentally determined by both cosmic microwave background and big bang nucleosynthesis measurements. To resolve the baryon number asymmetry of the Universe as well as neutrino oscillations, we study a radiative seesaw model in a modular A4 symmetry. Degenerate heavy Majorana neutrino masses can be naturally realized in an appropriate assignments under modular A4 with large imaginary part of modulus τ, and it can induce measured baryon number via resonant leptogenesis that is valid in around TeV scale energy theory. We also find that the dominant contribution to the CP asymmetry arises from Re[τ] through our numerical analysis satisfying the neutrino oscillation data.
Tri-photon at muon collider: a new process to probe the anomalous quartic gauge couplings
Authors: Yang Ji-Chong , Qin Zhi-Bin , Han Xue-Ying , Guo Yu-Chen , Li Tong
Published: July 2022

Abstract

The muon collider has recently received a great deal of attention because of its ability to achieve both high energy and high luminosity. It plays as a gauge boson collider because the vector boson scattering (VBS) becomes the dominant production topology for Standard Model processes starting from a few TeV of collision energy. In this paper, we propose that the process of μ+μ− annihilation into tri-photon is also very sensitive to the search of anomalous quartic gauge couplings (aQGCs). We investigate the projected constraints on the transverse operators contributing to aQGCs through μ+μ− → Z*/γ* → γγγ at muon colliders. For the muon collider with $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

= 3 TeV and $$ \mathcal{L} $$
L
= 1 ab−1, the expected constraints are about two orders of magnitude stronger than those at the 13 TeV LHC.
Inflation, electroweak phase transition, and Higgs searches at the LHC in the two-Higgs-doublet model
Authors: Wang Lei
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Combining the Higgs searches at the LHC, we study the Higgs inflation in the type-I and type-II two-Higgs-doublet models with non-minimally couplings to gravity. After imposing relevant theoretical and experimental constraints, we find that the Higgs inflation imposes stringent constraints on the mass splitting between A, H±, and H, and they tend to be nearly degenerate in mass with increasing of their masses. The direct searches for Higgs at the LHC can exclude many points achieving Higgs inflation in the region of mH (mA) < 450 GeV in the type-I model, and impose a lower bound on tan β for the type-II model. The Higgs inflation disfavors the wrong sign Yukawa coupling region of type-II model. In the parameter space achieving the Higgs inflation, the type-I and type-II models can produce a first order electroweak phase transition, but vc/Tc is much smaller than 1.0.
Lessons from the LHCb measurement of CP violation in Bs → K+K−
Authors: Nir Yosef , Savoray Inbar , Viernik Yehonatan
Published: July 2022

Abstract

The LHCb experiment measured the time-dependent CP asymmetries CKK and SKK in Bs→ K+K− decay. Combining with the corresponding CP asymmetries Cππ and Sππ in B → π+π− decay, we find that the size of U-spin breaking in this system is of order 20%. Moreover, the data suggest that these effects are dominated by factorizable contributions. We further study the constraints on new physics contributions to b →$$ u\overline{u}q $$
u

u
¯

q
(q = s, d). New physics that is minimally flavor violating (MFV) cannot be distinguished from the Standard Model (SM) in these decays. However, new physics that is not MFV can mimic large U-spin breaking. Requiring that the U-spin breaking parameters remain below the size implied by the data leads to a lower bound of 5 − 10 TeV on the scale of generic new physics. If the new physics is subject to the selection rules that follow from the Froggatt-Nielsen (FN) mechanism or from General Minimal Flavor Violation (GMFV), the bound is relaxed to 2 TeV.
A stable cyclized antimicrobial peptide derived from LL-37 with host immunomodulatory effects and activity against uropathogens
Authors: White John Kerr , Muhammad Taj , Alsheim Emelie , Mohanty Soumitra , Blasi-Romero Anna , Gunasekera Sunithi , Strömstedt Adam A. , Ferraz Natalia , Göransson Ulf , Brauner Annelie
Published: July 2022

The increasing antibiotic resistance among uropathogenic bacteria warrants alternative therapeutic strategies. We demonstrate the potential of the synthetic peptide CD4-PP, designed by dimerization and backbone cyclization of the shortest antimicrobial region of human cathelicidin, LL-37. CD4-PP is active against clinical and type strains of common uropathogens Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at concentrations substantially below cellular cytotoxic levels and induced membrane deformation and leakage in E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, CD4-PP treatment prevented the formation of new biofilm and dissolved mature biofilm created by E. coli and P. aeruginosa and targeted curli amyloid in E. coli biofilms. In addition, CD4-PP also induced production of LL-37 by uroepithelial cells and increased the expression of tight junction proteins claudin-14 and occludin. During uroepithelial cell infection, CD4-PP significantly reduced uropathogen survival when treatment was given at the start of infection. Low micromolar of CD4-PP treatment initiated after 2 h was successful with all tested species, except P. aeruginosa where CD4-PP was unable to reduce survival, which could be attributed by early biofilm formation. Finally, we demonstrated that urinary catheter pieces coated with saline fluid supplemented with CD4-PP reduced the attachment of E. coli, giving it a potential clinical application.
Recurrent Motions in a Piecewise Linear Oscillator
Authors: Ortega Rafael , Schliessauf Henrik
Published: July 2022

We study the oscillator $$\ddot{x} + n^2 x + h(x) = p(t)$$

x
¨

+

n
2

x
+
h

(
x
)

=
p

(
t
)

, where h is a piecewise linear saturation function and p is a continuous $$2\pi $$

2
π

-periodic forcing. It is shown that there is recurrence if and only if p satisfies the Lazer–Leach condition. This condition relates the n-th Fourier coefficient of p(t) with the maximum of h and was first introduced to characterize the existence of periodic solutions.
On complex-time heat kernels of fractional Schrödinger operators via Phragmén–Lindelöf principle
Authors: Merz Konstantin
Published: July 2022

We consider fractional Schrödinger operators with possibly singular potentials and derive certain spatially averaged estimates for its complex-time heat kernel. The main tool is a Phragmén–Lindelöf theorem for polynomially bounded functions on the right complex half-plane. The interpolation leads to possibly nonoptimal off-diagonal bounds.
Chemotactile social recognition in the blue-ringed octopus, Hapalochlaena maculosa
Authors: Morse Peter , Huffard Christine L.
Published: July 2022

Social recognition is the ability of individuals in a species to differentiate among conspecifics based on their identity or biologically meaningful demographic. Despite evidence that they have sophisticated brains, complex behavioural repertoires, and acute sensory processing, surprisingly little is known about mechanisms aiding social recognition in cephalopods. This class’s unique chemotactile sense by the ventral arm surfaces gathers considerable information used in predator–prey interactions. Does it also help mediate social interactions? This study utilised 366 h of focal animal observations to assess the likelihood of Hapalochlaena maculosa, a nocturnal species, to retreat after physically contacting conspecifics based on their sex, familiarity and mating history. Females retreated from both sexes equally, while males were more likely to retreat after contacting female conspecifics. Most conspicuously, males were significantly more likely to retreat after contacting females with which they had already mated. These findings provide the first evidence for chemotactile sex discrimination and mate recognition within cephalopods, and supplement previous observations that male H. maculosa do not appear to detect the sex of conspecifics from a distance. The decision to retreat from or stay with an individual based on their sex or mating history, only after physical contact, emphasises the importance of chemotactile behaviour in octopus sensory ecology and behaviour. Furthermore, male octopuses have limited spermatophore production, and the use of chemotactile social recognition observed here may highlight the importance of reproduction, specifically sperm allocation and avoidance of sexual cannibalism, on the evolution of sensory ecology and cognition within this lineage.
Oncological and functional outcomes after testis-sparing surgery in patients with germ cell tumors: a systematic review of 285 cases
Authors: Grogg Josias Bastian , Dursun Zeynep Hafza , Beyer Joerg , Eberli Daniel , Poyet Cedric , Hermanns Thomas , Fankhauser Christian Daniel
Published: July 2022

Introduction and objectives

In several urogenital cancers, organ-preserving surgery represents the preferred treatment approach, but in patients with testicular germ cell tumors (tGCTs), radical orchiectomy represents the standard of care. This study aimed to summarize published case series assessing oncological and functional outcomes after testis-sparing surgery (TSS) in patients with tGCTs.

Materials and methods

A systematic literature review and individual patient data meta-analysis were conducted of published cases with tGCT treated with TSS.

Results

Of 2,333 reports, we included 32 reports providing data on 285 patients, including 306 testicles treated with TSS. Adjacent germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) was described in 43%. Hypogonadism and infertility after TSS were diagnosed in 27% and 18%. In patients undergoing adjuvant testicular radiotherapy, hypogonadism was diagnosed in 40%. Patients treated with adjuvant testicular radiotherapy after TSS exhibited a significantly lower incidence of local recurrence (2% vs. 50%, p < 0.001). Distant metastases after TSS were observed in 2%.

Conclusion

The current data questions the benefits of TSS in tGCT patients. If at all, TSS should only be offered to well-informed patients with a singular testicle, excellent compliance, a singular tumor less than 2 cm located at the lower pole of the testicle, and normal preoperative endocrine function. Unless patients plan to father a child within a short time frame, adjuvant testicular radiotherapy should be recommended after TSS. Radical orchiectomy remains the standard of care, but future studies may support the use of TSS in selected men.
The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of the Olerud Molander Ankle Score (OMAS) in patients with unstable ankle fracture
Authors: Penning Diederick , Kleipool Suzanne , van Dieren Susan , Dingemans Siem M. ,   RODEO Collaborator Group, Flikweert Elvira R. , van Dijkman Bart A. , Hoogendoorn Jochem M. , Parkkinen Markus J. , Roukema Gert R. , Goslings J. Carel. , Sosef Nico L. , Winkelhagen Jasper , Schepers Tim
Published: July 2022

Introduction

The Olerud Molander Ankle Score (OMAS) is a widely used validated Patient Reported Outcome Measure (PROM). For clinical research, it is important to determine the Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID). The objective of this study was to determine the MCID of the OMAS at several moments in the follow-up, in a cohort of patients that underwent open reduction and internal fixation of unstable ankle fractures with syndesmotic injury.

Materials and methods

Data for this descriptive study were extracted from a prospective randomized controlled trial, the RODEO trial. The Dutch version of the OMAS was completed at 3, 6 and 12-month follow-up and estimated at baseline. The used anchor-based methods were: mean change and ROC curve. The distribution-based methods were: 0.5SD and minimal detectable change (MDC).

Results

This cohort included 148 patients. The mean OMAS score in the group with minimal improvement between 3 and 6 months was 15.0 (SD 17.5, 95%CI 9.4–20.6) and between 6 and 12 months 9.5 (SD 17.1, 95% CI 3.1–15.9). The ROC curve between 3 and 6 months resulted in a MCID of 12.5 (AUC 0.72) and between 6 and 12 months, the MCID was 7.5 (AUC 0.78). Using 0.5 SD, the MCID was 10.52 (SD 21.04) at 3 months, 11.37 (SD 22.73) at 6 months and 10.47 (SD 20.94) at 12 months. The MDC was 4.72 at 3 months, 5.20 at 6 months and 4.71 at 12 months.

Conclusions

The calculated MCID in patients following surgery for unstable ankle fractures ranges from 10.5 to 15.0 at 3–6-month follow-up and from 7.5 to 11.4 at 6–12-month follow-up, depending on moment and method.
Decision-making by cancer patients and the role of a counselling facility for complementary and alternative medicine: a cohort study
Authors: Hack Vanessa , Josfeld Lena , Hübner Jutta , Keinki Christian , Büntzel Jens
Published: July 2022

Objective

The aim of this cohort study was to gain insight on influencing factors on the decision-making process in conventional medicine compared to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM).

Methods

A standardized questionnaire was distributed among cancer patients who attended the counselling facility for CAM of a German university hospital in 2020.

Results

Fifty patients (30.3%) returned the questionnaire. After counselling on CAM, most patients made a decision in CAM but also in conventional medicine. Thus, the focus on informed decision-making during counselling on CAM had a strong effect on the decision-making process in conventional medicine. Patients reporting good support also reported making decisions together with physicians and relatives. Moreover, after counselling on CAM, patients reported being more satisfied with their decision in both settings afterwards.

Conclusion

Information on CAM which focuses on informed decision-making, supports patient’s ability to understand and weigh risks and benefits of treatments, supports shared decision-making and enables patients to transfer these competences also to decisions on conventional medicine. So counselling on CAM may further decision-making competences in cancer patients. This encourages patients to engage in shared decision-making and increases patient’s satisfaction with decisions.