bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Study about Latissimus Dorsi Based Breast Reconstruction at a Tertiary Health Centre in Mangalore, India
Authors: S Gopinathan
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND The most common cancer among urban Indian women is breast cancer. Mastectomy causes loss of body image and negatively impacts the quality of life. Restoration of body image is an important step for breast cancer survivors. Recent reconstruction options are autologous or implant-based reconstruction or combined approach. This present clinical study was done to describe about latissimus dorsi based breast reconstruction (BR) at a tertiary health centre. METHODS This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary health care centre from Jun 2018 to Dec 2020. Eligible desiring patients’ divided into the small, medium and large breasts and were willing to undergo BR were taken up for surgery. Patients considered as suitable candidates were further assessed for the option of reconstruction by latissimus dorsi (LD) flap, LD flap with an implant. All the patients were fully explained about the procedure. RESULTS The total number of mastectomies were 158 and breast reconstruction was done in 45 patients, with a percentage of 29 %. In our study, majority of the patients (91.1 %) underwent immediate breast reconstruction. Reconstructive methods used in our study were autologous LD flap (64.4 %), LD flap with silicone implant (24.2 %) and pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap (11.2 %) based on the size of the contralateral breast. The most common type of reconstruction in our study was the LD flap (64.4 %). CONCLUSIONS Immediate reconstruction of mastectomy defects was offered to all interested patients. Autologous or implant-based can be done safely with minimum morbidity. Latissimus dorsi flap-based breast reconstruction is a cost-effective, safe, reliable method at a tertiary health centre. KEY WORDS Breast Reconstruction, Flap, LD Flap, Implant
Vesico-Salpingo Fistula Masquerading as Hydrosalpinx with Neurogenic Bladder - An Interesting Case Report
Authors: Thiagarajan Senthil Kumar
Published: September 2021

A fistula is an abnormal connection between two luminal structures of different epithelium. The majority of urological fistulas in developed countries are consequences of iatrogenic injury most commonly laparoscopic hysterectomies, or from radiotherapy in the treatment of pelvic cancers.1 Contrary to this, most obstetric fistulas in developing countries result from obstructed labour during childbirth.2 Common factors that contribute to obstructed labour in developing countries are delayed presentation after trial labour at home, cephalopelvic disproportion and poor nutrition. Due to prolonged compression by head on the pelvic tissues there happens ischemic necrosis of vagina, bladder neck, and urethra3 called obstructed labour complex. Necrosis and fibrotic healing lead to fistula formation with adjacent structures. The vesicovaginal fistula was the most frequent one (78 %) and the common site involved was trigone (51 %) and based on the level it could be a high or low fistula. Others are vesicouterine fistula, vesicourethral fistula, vesicoureteral fistula and rarely vesico-salpingo fistula. During the acute phase of fistula, tissue oedema, hypovascularity, infection, and nonviable tissue hinder proper tissue healing and hence delayed repair is done after 3 months. Recent literature advises early repair for simple fistulas to reduce patient morbidity and delayed repair of complex fistula, multiple fistulas, infected fistulas, post-radiotherapy, fistula due to foreign bodies, immunocompromised patients, hypoproteinaemia patients, urosepsis patients. 4 Fistula repair is preceded by contrast evaluation of ureter and bladder by CT –IVU and cystogram or MRI followed by cystoscopy or retrograde pyelography. Apart from fistula closure, bilateral ureteric implantation may be needed if ureters are close to the fistula. 5 Abdominal hysterectomy is done in uterovesical fistulas. Huge fistulas close to the bladder neck cannot be repaired without compromising continence hence bladder neck closure is done with the Mitrofanoff procedure. 6 A vesico-salpingo fistula is an abnormal epithelial-lined communication between the urinary bladder and the fallopian tube. This rare type of urogenital fistula has only 7 previously published cases in the literature.
Assessment of BISAP Scoring System and C-Reactive Protein Analysis in Predicting Severity of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Ghunage Aditya Vasant , Kher Kiran Shrikant
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a dormant deadly illness. The range of seriousness of the ailment goes from mellow self-restricting disease to an exceptionally lethal severe necrotizing pancreatitis. The disease has such a variable course that it may manifest as a simple pain in the abdomen to severe haemorrhagic pancreatitis with septicaemic shock, multi-organ dysfunction syndrome and ultimately leading to death. A cost-effective better prognosticative index is needed for the assessment of the severity of AP. Here in this study, we wanted to assess the role of BISAP scoring systems and CRP for analysis and comparing their values to determine the severity of AP and the prognosis of the disease. METHODS A prospective observational study was done on 83 patients diagnosed with AP after fulfilment of inclusion criteria. Patients were subjected to severity index, bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis (BISAP) score and CRP calculation and statistical analysis was done with SPSS software. RESULTS In our study, AP was more prevalent in males 87.95 % than females 12.05 %. AP was found to be more common in cases ≤ 40 years of age, however, the mean age of presentation was 38.14 ± 12.59 years. We calculated the sensitivity and specificity of the BISAP score and C-reactive protein (CRP) by co-relating it with CT severity index as gold standard according to which the sensitivity was found to be 64 % and specificity was found to be 85 % for BISAP. The sensitivity and specificity of CRP was 64 % and 85 % respectively. CONCLUSIONS BISAP is an easy way to anticipate the severity of AP within 24 hours. It also helps to prognosticate AP. CRP can also be used to aid BISAP in the assessment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). KEY WORDS Acute Pancreatitis, BISAP, CRP.
Perceptions of Traumatic Brain Injury among Preventive Medicine Program Residents in Aseer Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mahmood Syed Esam , Shehata Shehata F. , Ahmad Ausaf , Algethami Mohammed , Alsabaani Abdullah A. , Al Shaiban Hassan M. , Alshahrani Najim Z. , Bharti Rishi Kumar , Ahmad Irfan , Aftab Razia
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a recognized public health problem with the increasing burden of disability and death occurring globally. We wanted to assess the perceptions about traumatic brain injury and also find its overall awareness among preventive medicine residents. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved preventive medicine program residents of Aseer region. Participants were recruited from Oct 1 2019, to Sept 30 2019. After giving a brief explanation and taking voluntary consent, a 40 item self-reported questionnaire was administered to the participants. Data entry and statistical analysis were performed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS windows version 16.0 software. Descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations) were performed for the patient's age and overall awareness level. Three points Likert scale was used to assess the effects of brain injury, causes and preventive measures as reported by program residents. RESULTS The majority of respondents were less than thirty years of age (64.7 %) and residing in the R1 level (67.6 %). The number of male respondents was more than three times compared to female respondents. The majority of respondents had good awareness about preventive measures of brain injury (97.1 %) and causes of brain injury (67.6 %). A higher proportion of respondents were having poor awareness about the effect of brain injury (79.4 %). Overall awareness level regarding brain injury was observed to be 58.8 % among the residents. CONCLUSIONS This study projects the need to strengthen the awareness about TBIs in the preventive program residents. This will provide valuable feedback to the policymakers and the national prevention program managers. KEY WORDS Traumatic Brain Injury, Residents, Preventive Medicine Program
Histological Study of Age-Related Changes of Internal Thoracic Artery – A Cross-Sectional Study from Calicut, India
Authors: S Anagha , K.B. Usha Devi
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Internal thoracic artery (ITA) is the ideal graft material for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). It’s structural characteristics and resistance to atherosclerotic changes make it ideal for this. It is in this scenario that we attempted to study the histological characteristics and age-related changes. METHODS This cross-sectional study was done on stained slides of segments of ITAs obtained from 100 fresh cadavers during autopsy. Age range was between 20 – 80 years. The segments were collected at various rib levels constituting proximal, middle and distal segments. The wall parameters were measured and recorded. The specimens were grouped according to age into six groups with intervals of 10 years and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test were conducted on the samples using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. RESULTS The mean thickness of tunica intima in the proximal segment of 100 specimens was 26.792 µm, tunica media was 171.437µm and the thickness increased significantly with age with (F = 33.038, P = 0.00), (F = 87.910, P = 0.00) respectively. In one specimen, the intimal thickening increased to 96.325 µm. The mean thickness of tunica intima in the middle segment was 19.665 µm, tunica media was 172.302 µm and it increased significantly with age with (F = 71.885, P = 0.00), (F = 85.481, P = 0.00) respectively. The mean thickness of tunica intima in the distal segment was 18.157 µm, tunica media was 146.278 µm and it increased significantly with age (F = 58.847, P = 0.00), (F = 66.137, P = 0.00) respectively. The intima media ratio (IMR) increased significantly with age. The IMR of proximal segment of 2 % specimens were found to be greater than 0.25 indicating atherosclerosis. The vessel wall parameters decreased from proximal to distal segments. CONCLUSIONS The vessel wall thickness and IMR was found to increase with age. The incidence of atherosclerosis was 2 % and in old age. It is clear that the ITA is the ideal graft for CABG in younger individuals. An understanding of these attributes of ITA will be helpful to the cardiothoracic surgeons. Moreover, the results of this study throw light on the vessel wall changes in the population of present times. Further clinical study is needed to assess the effect of other risk factors. KEY WORDS Internal Thoracic Artery, Tunica Intima, Tunica Media, Intima Media Ratio, Atherosclerosis
Evaluation of Post-Operative Analgesia Using Clonidine as an Adjuvant with Caudal Bupivacaine in Paediatric Patients Posted for Infraumbilical Surgery
Authors: Agarwal Sinjini , Verma Neeta Chaudhari , P.S. Amol , Pyarelal Pyarelal , Varghese Suzanna Elsa , Nigam Ankita
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Caudal epidural block is a highly popular method of administering analgesia to children undergoing infraumbilical surgeries. Addition of clonidine, a centrally acting alpha 2 agonist as an adjuvant to caudal bupivacaine has added advantages of providing prolonged post-operative analgesia and also, thus reducing the number of doses of post-operative rescue analgesics. In this study, we wanted to compare the efficacy and safety of caudally administered clonidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine. METHODS This was a prospective, comparative interventional study and was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesia at JNMC, Sawangi (Meghe) Wardha in accordance with the guidelines and permission of the institutional ethical review board. The study was carried out with 40 patients in each group randomly allocated using computer generated software, posted for infraumbilical surgeries between the age group 2 years to 7 years, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade I and II. Group B (control group) – Caudal epidural with 0.25 % bupivacaine 1 ml/kg + 1 ml normal saline. Group C (study group)- Caudal epidural with 0.25 % bupivacaine 1 ml/kg with clonidine 1 microgram/kg + 1 ml normal saline. RESULTS In our study, the mean duration of analgesia i.e. mean time for requirement of first rescue analgesia in group C was 9.9 ± 1.4 hours as compared to 4.7 ± 1.4 hours in group B (P < 0.0001). In this study, we used FLACC (face, legs, activity, cry, consolability) pain scale with its 0 - 10 score range for assessing the pain intensity. At FLACC pain score 4 or more, first dose of rescue analgesic was given. This score was reached at 8.8 hours in Group C (mean FLACC score at 3.8 ± 0.7) and 3.6 hours in Group B (mean FLACC score 3.4 ± 0.9) with P value (= 0.014) (significant). Group C required significantly lesser number of rescue analgesics in comparison to Group B. The number of doses of rescue analgesics required in the Group B were definitely more than that in Group C wherein 62.5 % required 3 doses and 25 % required 4 doses of rescue analgesics. On the other hand, in Group C the number of patients requiring more than 2 doses of rescue analgesia was 0 % thus proving the efficacy of clonidine in prolonging post-operative analgesia. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that caudally administered clonidine, in a dose of 1 microgram/kg as an adjuvant to 0.25 % bupivacaine 1 ml/kg, proved to be efficacious in providing prolonged analgesia both intraoperatively and post-operatively. Also, we observed that this addition, reduced the requirement of post-operative rescue analgesia and its associated side effects. KEY WORDS Caudal Epidural, Infraumbilical Paediatric Surgery, Clonidine, Bupivacaine, Postoperative Analgesia
Correlation of Vitamin D Status with Lipid Profile of Outpatient Department Attendees - A Cross Sectional Study in a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital of North Bengal, India
Authors: Banerjee Ritam , Datta Sandipan , Rout Arup Jyoti
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Deficient or insufficient vitamin D status is found as a major chunk amongst all age groups all over the Indian subcontinent. Low levels of serum 25 (OH) D are associated with atherogenic lipid profile, and the resultant dyslipidemia is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and other atherosclerotic disorders in adults. As, not much literature was available on the deficiency of vitamin D and its effects, in the North Bengal region of West Bengal, India, this study was done to find out the association between vitamin D status and lipid profile of the participants and predict the risk of dislipidaemia with changes in vitamin D status. METHODS 430 medicine OPD attendees were selected for the study, interviewed after taking consent, blood parameters were examined and collected data were analysed for correlation and multinomial regression using SPSS v.25. RESULTS The mean value and standard deviation of serum 25 (OH) D level was found to be 21.53 ± 7.06 ng / ml. 35 % of vitamin D deficient subjects were found to be dyslipidemic. A negative correlation was observed between vitamin D status and total cholesterol & LDL status. While vitamin D status changed from “Sufficient” to “Deficient”, the chance of dyslipidemia increased by approximately 4.6 times. CONCLUSIONS Serum vitamin D influences largely the lipid profile of the study population. KEY WORDS Vitamin D, Serum 25 (OH) D, Dyslipidaemia, Cholesterol
Calcineurin Aβ gene knockdown inhibits transient outward potassium current ion channel remodeling in hypertrophic ventricular myocyte
Authors: Yang Long , Deng Na , He Jionghong , Xia Guiling , Yang Ying , Zhao Yidong , Huo Zhaomei , Guo Chuxian
Published: September 2021

It has been shown that the activation of calcineurin is involved in regulating ion channel remodeling in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. But the precise role of calcineurin in the regulation of transient outward potassium current (I
to), an ion channel associated with fatal arrhythmia, remains controversial. This study aimed to examine the effects of calcineurin Aβ (CnAβ) gene knockdown on I
to channel remodeling and action potential duration (APD) in the hypertrophic ventricular myocytes of neonatal rats. Results showed that phenylephrine stimulation caused hypertrophy of ventricular myocytes, upregulation of CnAβ protein expression, downregulation of Kv4.2 mRNA and protein expression, a decrease in I
to current density, and prolongation of APD. CnAβ gene knockdown significantly inhibited the effects of phenylephrine stimulation. Our data indicate that CnAβ gene knockdown can inhibit I
to channel remodeling and APD prolongation in hypertrophic neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. This finding suggests that calcineurin may be a potential target for the prevention of malignant ventricular arrhythmia in a hypertrophic heart.
Transient congenital Horner syndrome and multiple peripheral nerve injury: a scarcely reported combination in birth trauma
Authors: Ramos Pérez Marina , Cabrera Vega Pedro , Urquía Martí Lourdes , García-Muñoz Rodrigo Fermín
Published: September 2021

Objectives

To describe an infrequent association of multiple injuries in relation to perinatal trauma and the challenge of clinical examination for proper diagnosis.

Case presentation

A male newborn was born at 41 weeks gestational age to a multipara diabetic mother, by forceps. Apgar 8/9. Upon admission, he exhibited axial hypotonia, right brachial paresis, a large left parietal cephalohematoma, but no skull fractures or orbital injuries. He also showed ocular misalignment with marked esotropia of the right eye, ptosis and mild anisocoria, suggesting right Horner syndrome, and left facial palsy. During the oculo-cephalic reflex examination he exhibited a normal adduction and impaired abduction of the right eye. The cranial MRI showed an extensive left parietal cephalohematoma, with internal foci of recent bleeding, and supra and infratentorial laminar subdural hematomas. No lesions were evidenced in the cavernous sinuses. The recovery of extra and intraocular motility at one month of life in our patient highlighted the transitory nature of the lesions and was reassuring for the parents.

Conclusions

This case highlights the importance of a detailed clinical examination in the initial evaluation of a newborn at neurological risk after birth trauma. The association of sixth cranial nerve palsy, Horner syndrome, facial palsy, and brachial plexus injury have been scarcely referred in this context and, if not adequately interpreted, might suggest erroneous diagnoses with very different prognoses.
Pre-diagnosis technology for short-circuit withstand capability of distribution transformer based on big data
Authors: Dongsheng He , Zhidong Jia , Zhili Lin , Haiao Luo , Benjian Miao , Liangping Gan , Jingmin Fan
Published: September 2021

The short-circuit withstand capability test of distribution transformer has the characteristics of long test period, high cost, strong destructiveness, low qualification rate, and can not be verified by simulation or calculation. It has become the bottleneck restricting the engineering and industrialization development of transformer industry. Based on experimental big data, this paper uses the expert diagnosis method of fuzzy mathematics to establish a superior evaluation model. The typical design process of distribution transformers is scored by experts, and the short-circuit passing rate is calculated according to the real short-circuit test data. Linear regression analysis is used to establish the regression equation, and a pre-diagnosis technique for short-circuit withstand capability of distribution transformers is proposed. At the same time, the validity of the model is verified by the actual case, and the accurate pre-diagnosis of the resistance to short-circuit capability is realized. It breaks through the common key technologies of the transformer industry and provides an early warning for the quality control of power grid pro-ducts and the elimination of hidden danger products. It has important theoretical guiding significance and engineering application value.
Crystal structure of trans-tetraaqua-bis{2-carboxy-4-((5-carboxypyridin-3-yl)oxy)benzoato-κ1
N}cobalt(II) dihydrate C28H28O20N2Co
Authors: Du Xigang
Published: September 2021

C28H28O20N2Co, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P‾{1}$

(no. 2), a = 7.7951(3) Å, b = 9.3511(4) Å, c = 11.3352(4) Å, β = 105.499(4)°, Z = 1, V = 762.19(6) Å3, R

gt
(F) = 0.0339, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0798, T = 293.0 K.
Crystal structure of (1E)-
N′-[(1E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethylidene]-2-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethylidene]hydrazine-1-carbohydrazonamide, C
17
H
17
Cl
2
N
5
Authors: Atioğlu Zeliha
Published: September 2021

C
17
H
17
Cl
2
N
5
, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 14.603(2) Å, b = 24.059(4) Å, c = 10.1380(16) Å, β = 93.141(3)∘, V = 3556.4(10) Å
3
, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0512, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1416, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[(4-hydroxyl-5-(methoylcarbonyl)thiophene-2-carboxylato-κ1
O)-(μ2-piperazine-1,4-diylbis(pyridin-4-ylmethanone)-κ2
N:N′)silver(I)] monohydrate, C23H23AgN4O8S
Authors: Li Zhao-Hao , Xie Gui-Xian , Li Chen-Yang , Dou Xiao-Ru
Published: September 2021

C23H23AgN4O8S, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 8.5356(4) Å, b = 27.9494(15) Å, c = 10.3796(6) Å, V = 2474.1(2) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0347, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0744, T = 289 K.
An age-representative exploration of pro-social behavior: human generosity-offerings, expectations, and fairness
Authors: Szabo Zoltan , Kovacs Oliver Bela , Murai Gabor , Voros Zsofia , Kehl Daniel
Published: September 2021

THE AIM OF THE PAPER
Fairness and other-regarding preferences arguably are defining factors of the experiments conducted with dictator games, which provide an opportunity to examine the components of pro-sociality. Our analysis focuses on the experimental results suggesting that offerings and expectations are based on egalitarian behavior. Besides that, we attempted to explore the age-specific characteristics of hypothetical dictator games.
METHODOLOGY
We used survey data of an age-representative sample to measure how the results support previous research findings stating that generosity and its age-related aspects play a crucial role in the formation of human decisions and expectations.
MOST IMPORTANT RESULTS
Our results confirmed the dominance of hyper-fair behavior. However, significant differences were found across the dictator game variants in terms of the amounts of money marked. Subjects in cases of charity-offering, recipient-offering, and expectation give lower amounts on average compared to recipient-offerings and fairness, respectively. In contrast, the marked amounts are higher for recipient-offerings than for expectations with the absence of any significant age-effect.
Acknowledgements: The project was financed by the European Social Fund: Comprehensive Development for Implementing Smart Specialization Strategies at the University of Pecs (EFOP-3.6.1.- 16-2016-00004). Declarations of interest: none.
Az utánzás-alapú dimenzió megjelenése a közösségi kereskedés másolási döntéseiben
Authors: Papp Tamás , Erdős Sándor
Published: September 2021

A TANULMÁNY CÉLJA

A tanulmány azt kívánja bemutatni, hogy miért szükséges a közösségi kereskedés hálózatát alkotó szereplők közötti bizalom kialakulásának duális felosztáson alapuló modelljeit, egy, az utánzó magatartáson alapuló dimenzióval kiegészíteni. Az új elméleti koncepcióval azt kívánjuk bemutatni, hogy a másolásra vonatkozó döntéshozatalra a szakirodalomban elfogadott kognitív-, és érzelmi-alapú jelzések mellett, az utánzás-alapú jelzéscsoportok is hatással vannak. Modellünk szerint a bizalom legerősebb formája a három dimenzió együttes megléte mellett valósul meg.

ALKALMAZOTT MÓDSZERTAN

A tanulmányban a koncepciónk alapjául szolgáló utánzó magatartáshoz kapcsolódó szakirodalmat, valamint a befektetési platformok között újnak számító közösségi kereskedés jellemzőit kívánjuk bemutatni a vonatkozó elméleti szakirodalom feltárásával. Ezt követően a közösségi kereskedés szereplői között kialakuló bizalom magyarázatául szolgáló új koncepciónk kerül megfogalmazásra. A tanulmány végén röviden a modellünk érvényességének a bizonyításához létrehozott kísérleti tervet mutatjuk be.

LEGFONTOSABB EREDMÉNYEK

A közösségi kereskedéshez kapcsolódó tanulmányok a másolási döntés alapjául szolgáló bizalom kialakulását kognitív-, és érzelmi-alapú jelzésekre vezetik vissza. A pénzügyi befektetések során azonban a bizonytalanságcsökkentés igénye abban az esetben is fennmaradhat, ha minden szereplő számára korlátozás nélkül elérhetők e két dimenzióhoz kapcsolódó adatok. Az információs környezet még ebben az ideális esetben is aszimmetrikus, hiszen az adatforrás megbízhatóságát és hitelességét, valamint az információ minőségét és jelentőségét minden döntéshozónak magának kell megítélnie. A bizonytalanság csökkentésének egyik leghatékonyabb módja, ha a befektetők megfigyelik más befektetők döntéseit, azaz utánzó magatartást folytatnak. Ez érvényes a közösségi kereskedés során létrejövő döntési folyamatok esetében is, így a másolási döntés alapjául szolgáló bizalom kialakulását magyarázó duális modellt, egy harmadik új dimenzióval, az utánzás-alapú jelzésekkel egészítjük ki.

GYAKORLATI JAVASLATOK

A közösségi befektetésben a vezető befektetők portfóliójának másolására vonatkozó döntések vizsgálatát nem csak a vezető befektetők által küldött egyedi jelzések feldolgozására kell szűkíteni, hanem a közösség többi szereplője által küldött jelzésekre is szükséges kiterjeszteni. Ennek vizsgálatához egy kísérleti tervet mutatunk be, mellyel vizsgálható, hogy az utánzás-alapú dimenzió milyen szerepet tölt be a másolásra vonatkozó döntéshozatalban. A szisztematikusan összeállított kísérlet alkalmazásával, mely a közösségi kereskedés jellemzőit imitálja, bizonyítható, hogy a közösségi kereskedésben a másolásra vonatkozó döntési helyzeteket miként befolyásolják az egyes dimenziók.
Hemorrhagic stroke: a diagnosis guided by visual field findings
Authors: Riese Nicole Auchter , Bailey Melissa Annette
Published: September 2021

This case report outlines a patient with a hemorrhagic stroke who presented to the eye clinic with visual field loss, which the patient interpreted as blur, and a severe headache. The visual field loss consisted of an incomplete homonymous hemianopsia with an absolute superior defect, which corresponds well to the right sided temporal lobe hemorrhage found on head computed tomography (CT) scan. This case highlights the importance of all eye care providers recognizing stroke symptoms and understanding referral timelines and protocols as well as the high predictive value of visual fields.
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia and the Eye: A case report and review
Authors: Bhavsar Mayur , Cercone Joseph , Chiu Catherine
Published: September 2021

Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare, malignant lymphoproliferative B-cell disorder causing an excessive buildup of monoclonal protein. WM is associated with excessive buildup of IgM, which can cause blood hyperviscosity and damage many organ systems. This case report describes a patient who was followed annually but rapidly developed posterior pole and significant midperipheral hemorrhages secondary to a hyperviscosity condition of the retina. Management of this condition is dependent on macular involvement and must be co-managed with an oncologist.
Macroglobulinémie de Waldenström et atteinte oculaire : rapport de cas et examen
Authors: Bhavsar Mayur , Cercone Joseph , Chiu Catherine
Published: September 2021

La macroglobulinémie de Waldenström (MW) est un lymphome malin prolifératif à lymphocytes B rare qui provoque une accumulation excessive de protéines monoclonales. La MW est associé à une accumulation excessive d’immunoglobulines M (IgM) qui engendre une hyperviscosité du sang et peut endommager de nombreux organes et appareils. Ce rapport décrit le cas d’un patient qui a été suivi chaque année mais qui a rapidement manifesté des hémorragies à la mi-périphérie et au pôle postérieur importantes en raison d’une hyperviscosité dans la rétine. Cet article examine les manifestations oculaires associées à la MW et propose des suggestions de prise en charge. La prise en charge de cette affection dépend de l’atteinte maculaire et a lieu conjointement avec un oncologue.
OBJECTS OF INTERNET LEGAL RELATIONS IN CONDITIONS DIGITALIZATION OF ECONOMY
Authors:   Yaroslav the Wise National University of Law, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Milash V.S.
Published: September 2021

The main trend of modern economic turnover and development is the global digitalization of all spheres and industries of the economy. For this reason new types of economic relations arise within their boundaries. The article examines the current situation and prospects for the development of legal regulation of Internet relations in the context of economic development. A number of problematic issues of the legal nature of individual objects of the economic rights that exist in a virtual (digital) format are analyzed. The issues of legal regulation of relations in the structure of which there is the so-called virtual element in a particular digital / virtual object are specifically analyzed. Special attention is paid to virtual assets, computer programs and software, artificial intelligence and the concept of the “Internet of Things”, etc. Emphasis is placed on the need for legislative consolidation of the concepts of virtual property and virtual objects, as well as objects with hybrid cyber-physical nature and their subsequent inclusion in the list of property in the economy of the business sector. Basic approaches to legal regulation of robotics based on artificial intelligence have been established. It is determined that the possibility of achieving a synergistic effect in the legal regulation of relations with virtual objects makes it necessary to make appropriate additions to the provisions of the Economic and Civil codes of Ukraine, as well as modernization of legislation in the field of intellectual property and innovation activities, investment legislation, legislation on property and property rights assessment, e-commerce, foreign economic activity on the Internet, protection of consumer rights of digital goods, etc. When adding and formulating these provisions into national legislation it should be taken into consideration the basis for international legal regulation of these issues submitted by acts of soft law, which are of a recommendatory nature. (These are the recommendations on artificial intelligence developed by the ETO-T Y.2060 (06/2012) Economic Telecommunication Organization “Overview of the Internet of things”).
OPENING OF CASES IN ECONOMIC JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS
Authors:   Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Butyrska I.A.
Published: September 2021

Not every appeal to the court means the automatic opening of proceedings, because the statement of claim must still be checked by a judge for compliance with the requirements of procedural law on form and content, compliance with the rules of jurisdiction, lack of abuse of the right to appeal by the plaintiff etc. All this allows for a balance between the rights of the parties to the dispute. The purpose of the article is a theoretical understanding of the stage of opening proceedings in economic procedure, a systematic analysis of the grounds and consequences of procedural decisions made by the economic court at this stage, and highlighting on this basis the author’s vision and purpose of the stage of opening proceedings. The author emphasizes that based on the results of checking the statement of claim for compliance with the Code of Economic Procedure of Ukraine, the judge makes one of four decisions: leaves the statement of claim without motion, returns the statement of claim, opens proceedings or refuses to open proceedings. The opening of proceedings is a ne cessary condition for further consideration of the business case, and therefore is the logical conclusion of this stage. Leaving the statement of claim without action does not lead to the opening of proceedings immediately, but such proceedings may be opened later, after eliminating the shortcomings of the statement of claim. If the plaintiff has not eli minated the shortcomings of the statement of claim within the period established by the court, the statement is considered unfiled and returned to the person who filed the statement of claim. According to the results of the study, the author concludes that the stage of initiating proceedings in commercial litigation is important because, on the one hand, it acts as a kind of procedural filter that allows to “screen out” claims filed in violation of legal requirements for their form and content, as well as lawsuits filed in violation of the rules of jurisdiction and jurisdiction, and on the other hand — allows the court to make priority preparatory actions for future litigation (to determine whether the rules of general or summary proceedings will be considered, to resolve conducting several cases, to set a deadline for the parties to submit relevant documents on the merits of the case, etc.). The opening of proceedings is a necessary condition for further consideration of the business case, and therefore is the logical conclusion of this stage. The judge is unable to detect the existence of most grounds for refusal to initiate proceedings (except when the application is not subject to consideration under the rules of commercial procedure) without taking additional actions that are not provided by the Code of Economic Procedure of Ukraine.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT MECHANISMS FOR START-UPS BY BUSINESS INCUBATORS UNDER THE LEGISLATION OF KAZAKHSTAN AND UKRAINE
Authors:   Scientific and Research Institute of Providing Legal Framework for the Innovative Development of NALS of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Rozghon O.V. , Baideldinova M.B. ,   KIMEP University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: September 2021

The article analyzes the Kazakhstan’s and Ukrainian legislation regarding the legal status of a business incubator in the field of entrepreneurship and start-ups support. The article provides for the definitions and main features of business incubators. It has been demonstrated that Kazakhstan’s legislation, unlike Ukrainian legislation, does not differentiate business incubators by type, and a startup company can be organized in any form of a commercial legal entity. The authors prove the necessity of contractual regulation of relations between a business incubator and a start-up. Contractual regulation is necessary due to number of variables of these relations. First, there is a vast variety of types of investments by business incubator at the stage of a prototype, or a business project, which may include money, property, services etc. Second, organizational and legal forms of start-ups may vary. Third, the investments may be done in several modes. One of possible investment modes is entering the charter fund of a legal entity-start-up in order to control and manage it, to participate in the distribution of profit and to obtain first-hand information about the start-up’s activities. Another mode of investing into a start-up is through the contract of loan with suspending condition of purchase of shares of the company. All these variables lead to the necessity of contractual regulation. Moreover, a business incubator, as a subject of these relationships, provides start-ups with premises for rent, provides various kinds of services. This also entails the need to conclude a lease contract and a service contract between the parties. The research demonstrated that, despite the similarity of the reasons for the emergence and development of these mechanisms, their practical application in Ukraine and Kazakhstan is somewhat different. Although the article shows that in both countries business incubators have potential of being an effective support to start-ups, there are still several issues which have to be addressed. Namely, there are concerns about protection of the rights of investors and start-up participants from violations of their intellectual property rights and property interests, such as profit distribution, business interference, the procedure for the election and exit of investors and startup participants and others. Due to these issues the investments to start-ups look risky and lose their attractiveness for investors. Therefore, in the countries in consideration business-incubators cannot exist without significant state support.
EUROPEAN LEGAL EXPERIENCE OF ENSURING THE LIFE ACTIVITY OF COAL MONOCITIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF ENERGY TRANSFORMATION
Authors:   State Organization “V. Mamutov Institute of Economic and Legal Research of NAS of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kirin R.S.
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the features of ensuring the life of coal monofunctional cities in the conditions of energy transformation, which should be based not only on the legal definitions of the main categories, but also on the legal qualifications and the ratio of their object-subject compositions. It was determined that the Energy Strategy of Ukraine — 2035 focuses on the subject composition of certain types of transformation relations, while the object circle, after a complete rejection of coal in the energy sector and the termination of any subsidies to this sector, requires: coordination of structural changes with all stakeholders including the local population; basing plans for diversifying the economy, restructuring the coal industry, developing the infrastructure of post-coal regions on appropriate financial support, creating trust funds that will combine state, private and international assistance of various levels; transformation of unprofitable mines and, first of all, as an integral technically and organizationally separate (single) property complex of funds and resources. The concept of “coal monofunctional city” — a satellite of a city-forming enterprise for the extraction and processing of coal — an administrative-territorial unit, the specialization of labor of the population in which is determined by a set of directions for ensuring the operation of this enterprise and the life of its employees is proposed. The concept of “life activity of an employee of a coal mining enterprise is proposed — a set of daily processes, actions, activities that can ensure the existence of an employee, his family members, the entire workforce as a whole through training, communication, orientation, movement, self-service, control over his behavior, participation in labor activities with the help of physical, psychological and social functions”. It has been substantiated that the considered experience of such European coal-mining countries as Germany, Ro mania, Czech Republic, Poland, Great Britain can and should be adapted in the process of developing domestic con ceptual, strategic or program documents to support the life of coal monocities in the following blocks of relations: energy; environmental; social; economic; informational; administrative; housing and communal services; transport; law enfor cement.
RESEARCH OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC PREREQUISITES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DONETSK AND LUHANSK REGIONS INCLUDING THE ACTIVITY OF SMALL BUSINESS
Authors:   V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Gontareva I.V.
Published: September 2021

The study of socio-economic dimensions of the preconditions for the development of Donetsk and Luhansk regions allowed to distinguish between positive and negative directions of development. Thus, the positive prerequisites for the development of regions include: agricultural lands of Donetsk and Luhansk regions are characterized by high natural fertility; the mineral resource base of the regions is one of the most developed in terms of types and volumes of use of mineral resources in Ukraine, among which almost 50 % contains fuel and energy raw materials; an important place in the economy of Donetsk and Luhansk regions is occupied by industry; retail trade turnover of Donetsk and Luhansk regions from 2018-2020 begins to recover. It should also be noted that the Donetsk region is active in foreign economic activity, which has a significant impact on the development of the region, and the balance of foreign trade balance of the Donetsk region in 2014-2020 is positive. The positive trend of Luhansk region is that it has a significant share of small and medium business in the volume of sold products (goods, services). Negative prerequisites for the development of Donetsk and Luhansk regions are: the presence of armed conflict in the regions; loss of a significant part of industrial potential and reduction of indicators of socio-economic development of Donetsk and Luhansk regions; in 2020 lockdown and business interruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic; there are logistical problems in the transportation of goods; in 2020, the level of exports is declining, most industrial enterprises engaged in foreign economic activity have significantly reduced production for export; destruction of key transport and logistics links, complication of railway logistics, closure of airspace, as a result of increased load on roads from heavy, large, freight transport, in the Donetsk region there is a destruction of road surface. Also, the negative trends of Donetsk region include the lowest share of small and medium business in the volume of sold products (goods, services). The positive preconditions for the development of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts need support in the direction of strengthening these tendencies. Negative preconditions for the development of oblasts require significant changes and financial investments for radical changes in the direction of improving the situation. Thus, the intensification of small business in the Donetsk region and support for the further development of small business in the Luhansk region is a prerequisite for economic growth in these areas in the future.
TWO APPROACHES TO THE COMPUTATION OF ELECTROTHERMAL PROCESSES AT INDUCTION HEATING OF MOVING INGOTS – BY FIELD THEORY AND THERMAL CIRCUIT THEORY
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Shcherba A.A. , Podoltsev A.D. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Kucheriava I.M. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Zolotarev V.M. ,   PJSC Yuzhcable, Avtogenna st., 7, Kharkiv, 61099, Ukraine, Bilianin R.V. ,   PJSC Yuzhcable, Avtogenna st., 7, Kharkiv, 61099, Ukraine
Published: September 2021

The model for the computation of thermal processes in induction heating installations with moving ingots is developed using equivalent thermal circuits. The controlled current sources as additional elements in the model are used to take into account the convective heat transfer along the moving ingot. The model is implemented in the program Matlab/Simulink and makes it possible to determine the temperature distribution along the ingot under steady-state heating conditions. The results are compared with data obtained by the alternative method which is based on the electromagnetic and thermal field theory and realized in the Comsol program. As shown the computational results by two methods concerning the temperature distribution along the ingot are in good agreement. The existing advantages and shortcomings of the used approaches are discussed. Ref. 8, fig. 3, table.
Antiviral Use in Canadian Children Hospitalized for Influenza
Authors: Mehta Kayur , Morris Shaun K. , Bettinger Julie A , Vaudry Wendy , Jadavji Taj , Halperin Scott A. , Bancej Christina , Sadarangani Manish , Dendukuri Nandini , Papenburg Jesse
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVES

Antivirals are recommended for children hospitalized with influenza but are underutilized. We describe antiviral prescribing during influenza admissions in Canadian pediatric centers and identify factors associated with antiviral use.

METHODS

We performed active surveillance for laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalizations among children ≤16 years old at the 12 Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program Active hospitals, from 2010–2011 to 2018–2019. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with antiviral use.

RESULTS

Among 7545 patients, 57.4% were male; median age was 3 years (interquartile range: 1.1–6.3). Overall, 41.3% received antiviral agents; 72.8% received antibiotics. Antiviral use varied across sites (range, 10.2% to 81.1%) and influenza season (range, 19.9% to 59.6%) and was more frequent in children with ≥1 chronic health condition (52.7% vs 36.7%; P < .001). On multivariable analysis, factors associated with antiviral use included older age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.04 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02–1.05]), more recent season (highest aOR 9.18 [95% CI, 6.70–12.57] for 2018–2019), admission during peak influenza period (aOR 1.37 [95% CI, 1.19–1.58]), availability of local treatment guideline (aOR 1.54 [95% CI, 1.17–2.02]), timing of laboratory confirmation (highest aOR 2.67 [95% CI, 1.97–3.61] for result available before admission), presence of chronic health conditions (highest aOR 4.81 [95% CI, 3.61–6.40] for cancer), radiographically confirmed pneumonia (aOR 1.39 [95% CI, 1.20–1.60]), antibiotic treatment (aOR 1.51 [95% CI, 1.30–1.76]), respiratory support (1.57 [95% CI, 1.19–2.08]), and ICU admission (aOR 3.62 [95% CI, 2.88–4.56]).

CONCLUSIONS

Influenza antiviral agents were underused in Canadian pediatric hospitals, including among children with high-risk chronic health conditions. Prescribing varied considerably across sites, increased over time, and was associated with patient and hospital-level characteristics. Multifaceted hospital-based interventions are warranted to strengthen adherence to influenza treatment guidelines and antimicrobial stewardship practices.
Detection of COVID-19 and Other Pneumonia Cases Using Convolutional Neural Networks and X-ray Images
Authors: Belman López Carlos Eduardo
Published: September 2021

Given that it is fundamental to detect positive COVID-19 cases and treat affected patients quickly to mitigate the impact of the virus, X-ray images have been subjected to research regarding COVID-19, together with deep learning models, eliminating disadvantages such as the scarcity of RT-PCR test kits, their elevated costs, and the long wait for results. The contribution of this paper is to present new models for detecting COVID-19 and other cases of pneumonia using chest X-ray images and convolutional neural networks, thus providing accurate diagnostics in binary and 4-classes classification scenarios. Classification accuracy was improved, and overfitting was prevented by following 2 actions: (1) increasing the data set size while the classification scenarios were balanced; and (2) adding regularization techniques and performing hyperparameter optimization. Additionally, the network capacity and size in the models were reduced as much as possible, making the final models a perfect option to be deployed locally on devices with limited capacities and without the need for Internet access. The impact of key hyperparameters was tested using modern deep learning packages. The final models obtained a classification accuracy of 99,17 and 94,03% for the binary and categorical scenarios, respectively, achieving superior performance compared to other studies in the literature, and requiring a significantly lower number of parameters. The models can also be placed on a digital platform to provide instantaneous diagnostics and surpass the shortage of experts and radiologists.
Unfortunate Destiny: Animals in the Indian Buddhist Imagination, by Reiko Ohnuma.
Authors: Tull Herman
Published: September 2021

Unfortunate Destiny: Animals in the Indian Buddhist Imagination, by Reiko Ohnuma. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017. xix + 242 pp., $36.95 (hb; also available as an e-book). ISBN-9780190637545.