bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An integrative review of the limited evidence on international travel bans as an emerging infectious disease disaster control measure
Authors: Errett, PhD, MSPH Nicole A. , Sauer, MS Lauren M. , Rutkow, PhD, JD, MPH Lainie
Published: May 2023

In our increasingly interconnected world, the potential for emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) to spread globally is of paramount concern. Travel bans--herein defined as the complete restriction of travel from at least one geographic region to at least one other international geographic region--are a potential policy solution to control the global spread of disease. The social, economic, and health-related consequences of travel bans, as well as the available evidence on the effectiveness of travel restrictions in preventing the global spread of influenza, have been previously described. However, the effectiveness of travel bans in reducing the spread of noninfluenza EIDs, characterized by different rates and modes of transmission, is less well understood. This study employs an integrative review approach to summarize the minimal evidence on effectiveness of travel bans to decrease the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS), Ebola virus disease (EVD), and Zika virus disease (ZVD). We describe and qualify the evidence presented in six modeling studies that assess the effectiveness of travel bans in controlling these noninfluenza EID events. We conclude that there is an urgent need for additional research to inform policy decisions on the use of travel bans and other control measures to control noninfluenza EIDs in advance of the next outbreak.
The Implementation of Picture Series as Learning Media to Improve Students' Writing Ability Related to Historical Events in Recount Text
Authors: Gayatri Devi Deti , Gaffar Muhammad Andriana
Published: May 2023

The objectives of this research are: (1) to find out the class situation during the implementation of picture series in teaching writing, and (2) to determine the improvement of students' ability to write recount text using picture series. The research used a qualitative. The classroom action research design used in this research consisted of two cycles. The data were collected from observation, field notes, and interviews. The research participants are 34 students in the tenth grade of SMA YKM Tanjungsari. The results showed that picture series could improve students’ ability to write recount text, create a fun learning atmosphere, and increase students’ writing interest. In the first cycle, the percentage of learning activities was 18%; in the second cycle, 80% of students got excellent categories. The two cycles could effectively improve students' writing ability in recounting text. The students could develop their ideas to make a story and were active and enthusiastic in the teaching-learning process. It demonstrates that writing a recount text using picture series as learning media for X MIPA 1 student at SMA YKM Tanjungsari has been improved.
A Conceptual Framework for Adopting Islamic Banking and Finance in Libya
Authors: Elghwail Ibrahim Khalifa Mohamed , Ngah Besar Bin , Obad Fahd Mohammed , Ateik Al-Harath Abdulaziz Mohammed
Published: May 2023

The main objective of the current study is conceptualizing a framework about the factors that affect the Islamic Banking and Finance adoption (IBF) in Libya, namely; Knowledge and Awareness, Attitude, Subjective Norms, Perceived behavioural control, and Religiosity. The researcher will utilize quantitative research methods. Primary data was collected from Beneficiaries of financial services in Libya who are anticipated to use IBF are the focus of the present research project’s population targeting efforts. A total of 30 respondents were selected for this study. The researcher has found that all of the developed items in the survey questionnaire have scored a sufficient level of Reliability and Validity. Therefore, these results stressed that this framework can be used in an empirical study to extract further results on the relationship between the variables.
Mathematical Model and Simulation of Blood Flow Dynamics in Renal Interlobar Artery of Patients with Human immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: U. Abubakar , A. C. Ugwu , T. Tivde , GCE Mbah
Published: May 2023

Mathematical models were developed considering wall movement, blood pulsation and flow dynamics of the blood in the interlobar artery. The formulated models were based on the fact that the motion of blood vessel wall is not only influenced by pulsation, but also other physiological processes like heartbeat, breathing, and body posture. The Newton’s second Law of motion was employed in assembling the forces acting on the interlobar artery. The wall shear stress (WSS) was studied alongside, arterial walls to study the actual flow dynamics and investigate the blood flow behaviour. The results of the study were presented on both two – dimensional (2D) and three (3D) – dimensional graphs showing a more realistic interaction between the arterial wall and the blood flow in patients with HIV/AIDS. It was deduced that the blood flow velocity decreased with time across the varying frequency from 0.20Hz to 0.50Hz in the interlobar arterial channel.
A Study of The Hole Barrier of Kanthal on Silicon Using Current – Voltage Characteristics
Authors: Kashinje S. P.
Published: May 2023

We report fabrication of a kanthal pSi diode and a study of its hole barrier by Current – Voltage characteristics. The diode fabrication was done by sputter-depositing a kanthal film on a single crystalline p – type Si in the <111> orientation. Kanthal is a metal alloy consisting of 70.6% Iron, 24.1% Chromium, 4.8% Aluminum and 0. 5% Co. The hole barrier on kanthal was determined by I – V characteristics to be ФBh=0.66±0.03 eV. The Rutherford Back Scattering Analysis shows that the composition of the sputtered kanthal films and the parent target are the same.
COVID-19 related acute limb ischaemia: A case series
Authors: Tan Jih Huei , Tan Henry Chor Lip , Ang Addy Aun Wei , Ida Arinah Mahadi , Khoo Zi Huan , Tan Po Hong , Mohamad Yuzaidi , Rizal Imran Alwi , Tuan Nur Azmah Tuan Mat
Published: May 2023

COVID-19 infection or vaccination is rarely associated with arterial occlusive disease of the extremities. The surgical department of a hospital in Johor, Malaysia, recorded a significant increase in the number of COVID-19-related acute limb ischaemia when the rates of COVID-19 were high both locally and internationally. The clinical presentation and management of acute limb ischaemia associated with COVID-19 infection or vaccination are largely underreported in Johor. Herein, we report a case series of 12 patients managed with strategies ranging from purely anticoagulation to catheter-directed thrombolysis and surgical embolectomy. This case series describes the clinical presentation, risk profiles, treatment approaches and limb outcomes of the patients. The amputation rate was high in view of unfavourable factors, including delayed presentation, high-risk factors and severe COVID-19. Three cases of potential COVID-19 vaccine-related acute limb ischaemia were included. COVID-19-related acute limb ischaemia can be minimised with heightened alert, preemptive optimisation with proper hydration and consideration for early prophylactic anticoagulation in high-risk cases.
Factors associated with Indonesian family physicians’ knowledge of depression: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Cipta Darien Alfa , Kusumadewi Irmia , Siste Kristiana , Werdhani Retno Asti , Diatri Hervita
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Depression is a common mental disorder in primary care settings both globally and locally. Even with considerable impacts on patients’ quality of life and public healthcare costs, most people with depression do not receive evidence-based treatment. Integrating mental healthcare services into primary care is essential to address the treatment gap for depression. As counsellors and care coordinators, family physicians have a vital role in providing primary mental healthcare services. This study aims to assess Indonesian family physicians’ knowledge of depression and identify the associated factors.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included a total of 83 family physicians from the Association of Indonesian Family Physicians. Data were collected using online questionnaires, including demographic and knowledge assessment instruments and the Care Coordinator Scale (CCS). Descriptive and multiple linear regression analyses were performed.
Results: The knowledge of depression, particularly in terms of prevention, diagnosis, pharmacological treatment, and post-referral treatment, was insufficient among the family
physicians. The medication education (P=0.006) and follow-up care plan (P=0.04) domains of the CCS were associated with the family physicians’ knowledge of the management of depression in the linear regression analysis (R2=0.077).
Conclusion: Interventions to improve Indonesian family physicians’ knowledge of depression, focusing on medication/pharmacological treatment and considering them as care coordinators, are essential.
A masquerade in a symptomatic patient with heart failure
Authors: Jamaluddin Jazlan , Mohamed Kamel Mohd Azzahi , Jamil Siti Nuradliah
Published: May 2023

We describe the case of a 72-year-old housewife who presented to a primary care specialist clinic for reassessment following multiple hospitalisations for heart failure within the past 9 months. She presented with decreased effort tolerance and tiredness for the past 1 year. Her symptoms had remained the same despite current treatment. During the initial history-taking, she did not report any medical illnesses or surgeries. She had been well and had not undergone any screening for almost 30 years before the first hospitalisation for heart failure. There was neither cough, constipation, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, stool changes, haematuria, per vaginal bleeding nor hoarse voice. The physical examination findings were remarkable for slow movement and speech. Her skin was dry with a markedly increased serum lipid profile. Further investigation and management confirmed the suspected diagnosis.
Supply Chain Resilience and Service Delivery of Public Health Care Facilities in Western Region Kenya
Authors: Mogere Kelvin Machuki , Kwendo Evans S. , Fozia Nurwin
Published: May 2023

Supply chain management is a crucial activity that entails overseeing the movement of materials from the source, throughput, to the end consumer. However, in this endeavour, there are increased instances of uncertainties, i.e., speeds of delivery, flexibility, and environmental factors that affect the services rendered to the end consumer. This drives the concept of supply chain resilience as the ability of an organization to cope with stress from any factors in its environment and manage to maintain functionality in spite of unexpected or disruptive events. The healthcare sector has undergone significant changes over the past decades. Amidst these changes, attaining efficient and effective healthcare service delivery remains a distant prospect for many nations. This study therefore sought to find out the effect of supply chain resilience on service delivery in the public health care sector in the Western Region of Kenya. The hypothesis for the study was that supply chain resilience has no significant influence on service delivery in the public health care sector in the Western Region of Kenya. The study was anchored on two theories: the theory of human service delivery and strategic choice theory. The study adopted a positivist research philosophy and a descriptive survey research design, and the target population was 284 respondents from the four level 5 county hospitals in the western region. Questionnaires were used for data collection and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Data was presented using tables, scree plots, and scatter plots. The study is of value to researchers and academicians, county government authorities, and residents of the four counties. 258 respondents participated in the study, and preliminary data checking, screening, and cleaning were done. Validity and reliability statistics were done, and they indicated that the research instruments were adequate for their purpose. Diagnostic tests were also conducted, and none of the variables violated normality, linearity, homoscedasticity and multicollinearity assumptions. Regression analysis shows that there is a statistically significant relationship between resilience and service delivery (t = 6.115, p<0.05). The null hypothesis was thus rejected. The study recommended that hospitals maintain communication and information sharing with suppliers to enhance collaboration, resilience, and responsiveness in their supply chains. Hospitals should engage in frequent forecasting of demand to ensure that their services are aligned with seasonal changes in demand.
THE EUROPEAN LABOUR MARKET IN THE WAKE OF THE NEW REFUGEE CRISIS
Authors:   Lazarski University, Jene Karol
Published: May 2023

Russia’s aggression against Ukraine has led to a humanitarian crisis in Europe unprecedented since the Second World War. After nearly a year, more than 8 million Ukrainian refugees were recorded in Europe, of whom more than 4.8 million were registered under the EU’s Temporary Protection Directive (TPD) or similar national protection programmes. The study provides an empirical characteristics of the scale and structure of the refugee wave from Ukraine. Placing a strong emphasis on highlighting the differences with respect to previous crises of this type, the study reveals the scale of the challenges facing European institutions in the face of such an unprecedented humanitarian catastrophe. The objective is also to highlight the need for different priorities and new strategies for integration policies in the European labour market. Keywords: refugees, labour market, integration policy, Ukraine.
CIRCULAR LABOR MIGRATION AND GEORGIA: EXPERIENCES AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Khurtsidze Avtandil
Published: May 2023

The given article will discuss the theoretical and practical issues related to the experience that has been accumulated and implemented in Georgia in the direction of circular labor migration. We will try to understand and evaluate the history of migration process passed by Georgia and its results, which we have received since the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the restoration of Georgia’s independence to the present day. We will show you how the heavy memory related to migration processes affects modernity and the formation of psychotypes of labor migrants; We will talk about the differences between perceptions, expectations, working environment and conditions; What positive and negative results are expected and characteristic of similar, overseas employment systems; What changes and opportunities did visa liberalization create for the Georgian labor market; What preventive measures exist for the proper functioning of circular labor schemes; What are the examples of labor migration experience gained by different countries of the world. What risks and challenges are expected in the future in terms of labor migration in Georgia and what legal nuances need to be refined for even more flexible and measurable regulation. Based on all this, we will try to make some predictions and set the right visions for the development of labor migration policy. Keywords: circular labor migration, employment, competence, qualification/de-qualification, international labor market, visa liberalization.
THE SCOPE OF THE COURT'S SELF-INITIATIVE IN ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS IN REGARDS TO OBTAINING ASYLUM
Authors:   Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani University, Tsiklauri Salome
Published: May 2023

In modern day countries, including Georgia, the issue of migration poses an important challenge, the legal regulation of which depends on both state bodies and courts. The 1951 Convention “Relating to the Status of Refugees” is one of the mechanisms for realizing fundamental human rights and freedoms provided by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. An asylum-seeker who enters Georgia for the purpose of obtaining refugee/humanitarian status has certain rights and obligations, on the basis of which the status is either granted or denied. The issue of granting refugee/humanitarian status may include different (political, religious, etc.) grounds. Ultimately, the primary link that determines the legal status of an asylum seeker is the court. It carries out procedural actions in a way that does not violate both the interests of the state and the rights of the asylum seeker. Taking into consideration the aspects of administrative proceedings, the court is not limited both in terms of examining the evidence presented by the parties, as well as in regards to its own initiative to investigate the scope of a person’s claim and make a decision. It is also important that the court’s selfinitiative includes not only a formally established standard, but also the ability, if necessary, to request evidence at its own discretion in order to establish the objective truth in the case. However, on certain matters, depending on the specific nature of the case, the court’s ability may be limited. Finally, taking into account the distribution of functions of the court and the administrative body, there is a limit on the basis of which it is possible to achieve an absolute result in the aspect of protecting the rights of the asylum seeker. Key words: asylum seeker, court, refugee/humanitarian status, self-initiative.
PERAN KEPEMIMPINAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA DINAS KESEHATAN KABUPATEN BIAK NUMFOR
Authors: Safitri Fanika , Dahlan Dahlan , Rusdiyansyah Rudiyansyah , Amiruddin Amiruddin
Published: May 2023

Kepemimpinan merupakan inti dari manajemen karena kepemimpinan itu merupakan suatu motor penggerak dalam menggerakan sumber – sumber dan alat – alat yang terdapat dalam suatu organisasi. Dinas kesehatan merupakan suatu instansi yang bergerak di bidang pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat untuk wilayah Kabupaten Biak Numfor, dimana keberhasilan pelaksanaan tugas dan tanggung jawab dalam instansi tergantung pada kinerja para pegawai yang ada di instansi terebut, pentingnya kinerja pegawai yang ada di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Biak Numfor sangat berpengaruh terhadap pelaksanaan tujuan instansi itu, yaitu untuk meningkatkan pelayanan terhadap para masyarakat terutama dalam proses pengawasan dan pembinaan terhadap kebutuhan informasi dan pelayanan kesehatan. Pegawai merupakan salah satu factor produksi terpenting dalam suatu instansi, tanpa mereka betapa sulitnya instansi dalam mencapai tujuan, merekalah yang menentukan maju mundurnya suatu instansi, dengan memiliki tenaga kerja yang terampil dengan motivasi tinggi instansi telah mempunyasi asset yang sangat mahal, sebab pada dasarnya manusia merupakan factor yang sangat penting, terutama peningkatan kualitas sumberdaya manusia menjadi perioritas yang utama.
TINGKAT STRESS PESERTA DIDIK DALAM MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Siburian Donny
Published: May 2023

Abstrak

Pandemi Covid 19 telah menjadikan banyak aspek kehidupan manusia berubah menyesuaikan dengan keadaan yang sedang terjadi. Pendidikan jarak jauh melalui jaringan (PJJ) sebagai cara yang dianggap paling relvan oleh pemerintah nyatanya memberikan sebuah fenomena baru ditengah-tengah pelajar. Mulai dari berdampak pada tingkat stress yang tinggi hingga berujung pada tindakan bunuh diri. Analisis sosiologis dalam tulisan ini berupaya mengeksplorasi secara kualitatif dan memberikan penjelasan terhadap fenomena bunuh diri di kalangan pelajar pada masa pandemic Covid 19 dengan menggunakan studi kasus dan teori bunuh diri oleh Emile Durkheim. Temuan memperlihatkan bahwa bunuh diri terjadi karena adanya gejala sosial yang terjadi dimana apabila seseorang tidak mampu mengikuti arus sosial atau perubahan.

 

Kata Kunci: Bunuh diri; Pembelajaran Jarak-Jauh; Stress; Emile Durkheim
EFEKTIVITAS PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI DISTRIK SAMOFA KABUPATEN BIAK NUMFOR
Authors: Iriawan Hermanu
Published: May 2023

Efektivitas sangat penting dalam pelayanan publik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pelayanan publik pada Kantor Distrik Samofa Kabupaten Biak Numfor serta faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas pelayanan publik di Kantor Distrik Samofa Kabupaten Biak Numfor. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kualitatif, adapun teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas pelayanan pada Kantor Distrik Samofa Kabupaten Biak Numfor yang dilihat berdasarkan ketepatan waktu dalam pelayanan pada Kantor Distrik Samofa Kabupaten Biak Numfor sudah sangat baik, pemberian motivasi senantiasa dilakukan oleh pimpinan, serta adanya pengawasan yang senantiasa dilakukan dalam pelaksanaan pekerjaan sehingga masyarakat mendapatkan pelayanan efektif dan kepuasan masyarakat terpenuhi. Adapun faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas pelayanan publik pada Kantor Distrik Samofa Kabupaten Biak Numfor adalah sumber daya aparatur dan sarana prasarana.
ANALISIS HERMENEUTIK NILAI-NILAI KOMUNIKASI DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Nahria Nahria , Laili Izzatul , Nuryanti Tatik
Published: May 2023

Pendidikan pada umumnya adalah proses pembelajaran, komunikasi merupakan faktor utama menentukan tercapainya tujuan pendidikan. Dengan kata lain, komunikasi Sebagai sarana atau media tercapainya tujuan pendidikan. Komunikasi yang efektif antara guru (komunikator) dan siswa (komunikator) diperlukan untuk tercapainya interaksi belajar mengajar. Al-Qur’an sebagai pedoman hidup umat Islam memerintahkan pendidik untuk berkomunikasi secara efektif dengan peserta didiknya. Penelitian ini untuk menginterpretasikan teks dalam Al-Qur’an dan penafsirannya yang mengandung Konsep Komunikasi Pembelajaran yang mencakup istilah komunikasi, unsur-unsur komunikasi dan nilai-nilai komunikasi efektif dalam pembelajaran. Al-Qur’an memiliki kedudukan dan fungsi yang sangat sentral dalam pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan termasuk pendidikan Islam. Al-Qur’an dalam perspektif merupakan sebuah teks yang baku dan tetap (fixed text)adanya jarak antara transmisi dan pembacanya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode Hermeneutika Paul Ricoeur yang menawarkan sudut pandang dan model pembacaan baru yang menempatkan pembaca atau audiens dalam lingkaran makna teks. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam Al-Qur’an terdapat sejumlah istilah yang menunjukkan denotasi komunikasi seperti: al bayan, al qaul, al kalam. Terdapat sejumlah ciri komunikasi yang efektif menurut Al-Qur’an yaitu mengajak kepada Tauhid, metode menarik, mengembangkan kemampuan mental dan fisik, dan suasana demokratis. Ada beberapa pesan  akhlaki Al-Qur’an dalam berkomunikasi secara umum termasuk di dalamnya proses pembelajaran berbasis Al-Qur’an, diungkapkan dengan istilah qaulan sadiidan, qaulan ma’ruufan, qaulan maesuuran, qaulan layyinan, dan qaulan kariiman.
Socio-Cultural Status of Gadvi Walay: An Anthropological Study of Gadvi Walay in Kallur Kot, Bhakkar Pakistan
Authors: Yousaf Anum , Malik Muhammad Yasir , Shakir Muhammad , Jamil Tehmina
Published: May 2023

Music is necessary for life. Music is important at every stage of marriage ceremonies. The major focus of the resent research was on Socio-cultural status of Gadvi walay. Research does to know about the cultural significance of gadvi walay’s community. The study finds out the causative factors behind the adoption of folk music as well as knows about the role and status of women to perform these traditional musical patterns and find out the factors of decline of folk music. The marriage ceremonies are color less without traditional entertainer such as “Gadvi walay” and “Dhol walay” (Musician). The recent study was conducted to evaluate the status of “Merrasi” (Traditional Singers) community. This community perform vital role in the marriage and other cultural events. This study was conducted in the rural area of district Bhakhar. The one of union council was selected from the tehsil of kallur Kot. While applying purposive sampling technique, the thirty female respondents were selected (gadvi walay from the local community. Participant observation, Interview guide and in-depth interview methods were used for the data collection. The present study explained the role, status and significance of traditional folk music, musicians songs and singers in their cultural perspective.
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL TAX ON THE IMPORT OF POLLUTING PRODUCTS: CASE OF MADAGASCAR
Authors: Rakotoarimalala Haja , Ramamonjisoa Bruno , Razanakoto Thierry , Iouri Garisse Razafindrakoto , Ravelomanana Tantely , Rabemananjara Zo Hasina
Published: May 2023

The management of waste and various sources of pollution is one of the new environmental risks that the country must face. Thus, “Developing protective measures against the introduction into the national territory of harmful and dangerous products and waste” is a main action set out in Article 20 of the Environmental Charter in Madagascar. Fiscal policy by introducing an environmental tax on imports could be a proposal in this direction. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the impacts of a potential environmental tax on imported products that generate pollution and waste. The models chosen have highlighted the environmental gain, in terms of reduction in the volume of polluting products (with the simple linear regression model), although the reduction is limited to specific goods (with the multiple linear regression model), as well as the obtaining of additional revenue likely to be allocated to the financing of well-defined projects.
Transforming Teachers’ Instructional Design for Enhancing Critical Thinking in Ugandan Schools
Authors: Giacomazzi Mauro , Serwanga Edimond , Atuheire Gillian
Published: May 2023

The needs of our society are quickly evolving and soft or transferable skills are key to lifelong learning and the creation of an adaptable and resilient workforce. There is an ever-growing demand for individuals who can process data, evaluate concepts, and develop arguments; the development of critical thinking skills is crucial. This study shows the effectiveness of a professional development model that aimed at improving teachers’ instructional design skills for nurturing critical thinking in the classroom. The study adopted a quantitative research approach in order to identify and assess the transformation in teachers’ pedagogical practices while developing lesson plans designed to elicit and nurture critical thinking among their learners. This study focused on a sample of 16 teachers at a secondary school in Central Uganda. The researcher purposefully selected the teachers, who specialised in three different subjects: English (5), mathematics (5), and history (6). The teachers who participated in the study were on average 32 years old and had 8 years of teaching experience. To evaluate the effectiveness of the lesson plans that the participants designed, the researcher developed a contextualised rubric that was then validated by experts to assess the teachers’ improvements in designing lessons for critical thinking enhancement. The findings confirmed that after the training intervention, the teachers showed a greater ability to differentiate between cognitive process and mere rote learning, helping them to elicit critical thinking in their students. At the end of the process, the lesson plans designed were clearer and more coherent, incorporating activities that could improve the learners’ critical-thinking skills. This study provides an important contribution in terms of how to promote contextually appropriate and innovative pedagogical strategies.
State of knowledge on emergency response and crisis management
Authors: Rashid Md. Mamunur , Sony M M Abdullah Al Mamun , Aninda Sadman Joa
Published: May 2023

In the era of late modernity, individual vulnerability is affected by various threats and risks. Consequently, people need to be aware of these and fit in more than ever before. To help people become competent in this changing world and to prepare for future threats, academic institutions play a vital role. To understand such an academic role, a part of the literature has highlighted how a student can better learn emergency responses (ER) and crisis management (CM). Nevertheless, very little literature has focused on how a developing country’s students, particularly teenagers, learn and understand ER and CM. Focusing on such gaps in the literature, this study aims to understand a sample of Bangladeshi secondary students’ state of knowledge related to ER and CM. With the help of cluster sampling, the researcher distributed a survey among a sample of 360 students between 9th and 12th standard from two southern districts respectively Khulna and Noakhali, which are also disaster-prone areas of Bangladesh. Adopting Krathwohl’s model of knowledge typology, such as factual knowledge, conceptual knowledge, procedural knowledge, and metacognitive knowledge, the researcher collected and evaluated the data with descriptive statistics. The findings of this study show that even though most of the students are familiar with different ER- and CM-related keywords, they have limited deeper knowledge. Furthermore, there was a significant knowledge difference between the genders. Similarly, the lack of training in the academic environment also makes these young students vulnerable to any kind of threat from their surroundings that could affect the districts’ weak institutional and legislative structure. The scholarship of this study, which has policymakers and young academics as its possible audience, could assist them in raising the knowledge levels of students by adding new information to textbooks with illustrations and by setting up drills.
Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Tropisetron Loaded Microspheres
Authors: Yaseen Mariyam , Panda Niranjan
Published: May 2023

Tropisetron is a 5-HT3(5-hydroxytryptamine3) receptor antagonist used fortheprevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. In the present study, ethyl-cellulose, sodium alginate and HPMC K15M loaded microspheres of tropisetron were successfully prepared by ionic gelation technique. All the formulations were evaluated forvarious parameters such as drug content, entrapment efficiency, in vitrodissolution study, release kinetic study and stability study. The in vitro dissolution studies showed that tropisetron microspheres formulation F10 havebetter sustained effect over a period of 12 hours which contains all three polymers having a perfect controlled release. The mechanism of release was determined byvarious kinetic equations such as zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Hixon Crowell, Korsmeyer-Peppas and finding the R2values of the release profile corresponding to each model. Thus, in thepresent study,in vitro drug release kinetic of the best formulation followed zero order release kinetic model and the drug release mechanism was anomalous diffusion. The results of the current study clearly indicate a promising potentialdelivery systemof the tropisetron microsphere as an alternative to the conventional dosage form
The overlap between child sexual abuse live streaming, contact abuse and other forms of child exploitation
Authors: Teunissen Coen , Napier Sarah
Published: May 2023

We analysed the chat logs of seven Australia-based men who had committed 145 child sexual abuse (CSA) live streaming offences, to examine the overlap between this offending, contact sexual offending and engagement with child sexual abuse material (CSAM). Four CSA live streaming offenders attempted to travel to offend against victims in person, in that they discussed travelling or actually booked flights in order to meet these children. Offenders also requested or received images and videos of victims they had viewed over live stream, and recorded live streams to produce CSAM. Travelling to offend against children, use of CSAM and CSA live streaming appear to be interrelated and should be considered by law enforcement as potential risk factors for one another. Further, detection and removal of new CSAM, and scanning of live streams for abusive content, should be a priority for all electronic service providers.
Una historia de un latifundio improductivo: las tierras de Silva y Rosas en el norte uruguayo (1959-1973)
Authors: Juncal Pérez Agustín
Published: May 2023

Este artículo expone los aspectos más salientes de las luchas por la tierra en el norte uruguayo entre 1959 y 1973. La relevancia de este estudio radica en tres aspectos. Primero, el alto nivel de concentración de la propiedad agraria en el departamento de Artigas. Segundo, la emergencia de la Unión de Trabajadores Azucareros de Artigas (UTAA), que reclamaba acceder a un latifundio de 30 mil hectáreas. Tercero, la creciente presencia que el Estado comienza a tener en ese territorio a través del Instituto Nacional de Colonización (INC) a finales de los años sesenta mediante la expropiación y compra de tierras con fines colonizadores. Los resultados muestran que los asalariados de la caña de azúcar no fueron contemplados como beneficiarios en la adjudicación de tierra, a pesar de haber impulsado la expropiación de los latifundios que en 1970 pasaron a manos del INC.
Childhood MMR Vaccination and the Incidence Rate of Measles Infection
Authors: Ejaz Ahmed , Ammad Ahmed , Islam Saleha , Arif Umar , Islam Rabia , Islam Abdullah
Published: May 2023

Objective: The efficacy of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) immunization in children against subsequent measles diagnoses was the focus of this research. Method: After the ethical approval from institution review board, this crossectional study was conducted at Indus hospital lahore. In this study, MMR vaccination data was collected from all the government vaccination centers from 1st January 2019 till 1st January 2023. Individuals' month and year of enrollment, gender, date of birth, and county level domicile were all included in the comprehensive eligibility data. Each person's diagnostic status was recorded in great detail in their claims file. Those who received just one dose of the MMR vaccination were included as part of the vaccinated group, whereas those who did not get any kind of vaccine containing measles were excluded from the research. Participants who had previously received more than one dose of MMR or any other measles-containing vaccine were not included in this analysis. Results: There were a total of 2000 people in the MMR-vaccinated cohort, accounting for 1543 person-years of data, and a total of 5000 people in the unvaccinated cohort, accounting for 3423 person-years of data. The male-to-female ratio in the MMR-vaccinated group was 0.97, while it was 1.13 in the unvaccinated group. 7% children in the MMR vaccinated group were diagnosed with measles, while 25% children in the unvaccinated group was diagnosed with measles. Conclusion: The prevalence of measles infections in children has been drastically decreased due to widespread MMR immunization. Keywords: MMR, measles, childhood, immunization
Functional and Radiological Outcome of Gartland Type 2 and 3 Supracondylar Fracture Humerus in Children Treated by Percutaneous Pinning
Authors: Kashmiri Muhammad Nadeem , Khan Asif , Farooq Omer Khalid , Orakzai Zubair Janan , Noureen Sumaira
Published: May 2023

Background: The supracondylar humeral fractures were the most common fracture of the paediatric elbow with a high incidence between the ages 5 to 14 years. The aim of this study was that to compare the functional and radiological outcome between Gartland type II and III by percutaneous spinning surgery treating method in children. Study design: The study was cross sectional being conducted at the orthopedic department of Watim Medical College Rawat, Rawalpindi for the duration of six months, from June 2022 to December 2022. Methodology: The age range was >5 and <13 years. The children age, gender, affected area, post-operative loss of reduction and complications were recorder. The functional and radiological outcomes were follow up at least 7-8 weeks. Flynn’s criteria and Baumann angle were used to assess elbow movement after surgery. Results: A total number of patients was 110 operated for supracondylar humeral fracture which divide into 55 patients in each type of Gartland fractures. The maximum children 82%, p=0.01* were belong to age group 6-12 years which show significant. The left side 55%, p=0.009 was more injured as compared to right side. According to Flynn’s rating, Gartland 2 and 3 show significant improvement; p=0.001** of fractures after treatment. All patients had show satisfactory results in terms of loss of carrying angle, and elbow flexion. The data was analyzed by SPSS21. Conclusions: The percutaneous spinning show better clinical outcome of radiological and functional between two types of fracture Gartland 2 and 3 suprcondylar humeral fracture after treatment in children. Keywords: Humerus, Range of motion, injury, Fracture.
The Role of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Reducing Pain, Pruritus, and Improving Wound Healing of Skin Graft Donor Site
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Shaikh Shahzad , Sanober Aamna , Memon Yasir Arfat , Khan Mujtaba Pervez
Published: May 2023

Background: Wound healing is an intricate and interactive process. As a result, no single operator can efficiently and successfully help to resolve all attributes of healing process. The goal of the study that PRP was to systematically perceive the stimulatory effect at multiple stages during wound healing and trying to identify tissue repair mechanisms, lower pain, itching skin and healing time. Study design: This was a cross sectional study and carried out at plastic surgery department of Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College Hospital, Sukkur for the duration of six months from June 2022 to December 2022. Methods: 120 participants which include male n=80 and female included n=40 who under the observation of split skin grafting due to reason of injuries, burning, accidents and traumas. These participants divide into two category of treatment for example, paraffin gauze dressing and platelet rich plasma (PRP). The age of participants between >20 and <50 years. To examine the preparation method of PRP, raw area dressing and clinical outcome for the assessment of pain, pruritus before and after comparison of gauze dressing and PRP. The data was analyzed by SPSS 21 version. Results: The total participants are 120 in this study and the age group between 20 and 50 with an average age was 35 years. The affected area was left leg was 25% and right leg 75%. The raw area in 54.1% participants was burn and 46% participants were by road accident. The dressing was changed alternate weeks. The treatment with PRP showed significant changing in the effective participants as compared to paraffin gauze dressing (p<0.05). Conclusion: PRP serves as a delivery system for growth factors, making this blood product extremely useful for use in a variety of indications in plastic and reconstructive surgery. Intradermal injection of platelet rich plasma is a secure and efficient option for minimizing pain, adverse reactions, and ability to heal multiple injuries in patients with burns and radiation injuries. Keyword: Platelet rich plasma, wound healing, itching skin, growth factors
Prevalence of Early Hyperglycemia in Kidney Transplant Recipient in a Tertiary Care Hospitals in Pakistan
Authors: Bangash Wajeed Gul , Khokhar Sher Zaman , Maqsood Aqsa , Rehman Habib Ur , Mahar Feroze Ahmed , Channa Aftab Ahmed
Published: May 2023

Background: The prevalence of diabetes after renal transplant is higher than before renal transplantation. A significant proportion of transplant patients develop new-onset diabetes (NODAT), which accounts for 30-50% of all deaths in kidney transplant patients and is related with amplified mortality, mainly due to macroangiopathy. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of early hyperglycemia in kidney transplant recipients for the enhanced pharmacologic management. Study Setting: The current descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Urology/ Nephrology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad and Islam Medical College/ Teaching Hospital, Sialkot. The duration of study was one year from October 2021 to September 2022. Methods: A total of 67 patients who underwent renal transplant during the period in PIMS and at other center within the same vicinity and same protocol of management were enrolled in the study. All patients were followed and fasting blood sugar measurement was performed at bed side on day 5 post-transplantation by FDA and international organization for standardization (ISO) 15197-2003 certified Accu-chek device. Results: A total of 67 patients were enrolled. The mean (± SD) age of patients was 34.5 (± 10.2) years. Out of 67 patients, 48 (72%) patients were males. Out of 67 patients, 19 (28%) patients had positive family history for DM. The mean (± SD) value of fasting blood sugar levels of all the enrolled patients was 129.3 (± 22.4) mg/dL. Out of 67 patients, 41 (61%) were diagnosed to have early hyperglycemia on 5th day after renal transplant. The comparison between the Early hyperglycemic and normoglycemic patients regarding their age, gender, BMI, pre-transplant lipid profile and family history of diabetes showed no statistically significant differences (p>0.05). Conclusion: Study shows that out of 67 patients with post renal transplant, 41 (61%) had early hyperglycemia (fasting blood glucose levels ≥126 mg/dL) during their hospital stay. No statistically significant differences were seen in terms of traditional risk factor for diabetes like age, gender, BMI, lipid profile and family history for diabetes between patients who developed early hyperglycemia and those who did not. Keywords: Renal transplant, hyperglycemia, Adult, end-stage renal disease.
Importance of Dexamethasone for Control of Edema and Pain at Surgical Site in the Mandibular Fracture Osteosynthesis Treatment
Authors: Mubeen Sonia , Farheen Irum , Khattak Saddique Aslam , Nadeem Khurram , Manzoor Ikram
Published: May 2023

Dexamethasone is highly sensitive to low dosages and is widely used in oral surgical procedures with variable dosage, timing and route of administration. Aim of the study: Comparison of the results of treatment with placebo and dexamethasone in terms of the edema and mean pain at the surgical site in patients with osteosynthesis of the mandible. Methods: This randomised controlled trial was held in the Oral and Maxillofacial surgery department of different dental hospitals of Lahore for one-year duration from June 2021 to May 2022. A total of 100 patients with mandibular fractures of both sexes, aged 20 to 60, were included in the study. Patients with other associated facial fractures, patients with a history of diabetes mellitus, heart and kidney disease due to chronic drug use, and pregnant women were excluded. The experimental group was given eight milligrams of dexamethasone with submucosal infiltration at the surgical incision site and the normal saline was given in the control group. Edema and pain were evaluated by means of visual analog scale at a nine-line measurement at twenty-four and seventy-two hours postoperatively, respectively. Results: In this study, 24 hours after the procedure, the visual analog scale was 2.16 ± 0.89 in group I (experimental group) and 3.51 ± 1.23 in group II (placebo group) and 2.29 ± 0.89 in control group and 0.62 ± 0.19 in group given dexamethasone at seventy-two hours. Postoperative edema score was significantly less up to 4.26 ± 1.42 in patients receiving group I (dexamethasone), in comparison to group II (placebo group) 5.38 ± 1.01 twenty-four hours afterwards surgical procedure and 2.06 ± 0.64 in the placebo group and 0.042 ± 1.23 in the group given dexamethasone at seventy-two hours. Conclusions: This study found that patients with osteosynthesis of the mandible had lower rates of pain and swelling after applying dexamethasone to the surgical site. Keywords: Dexamethasone, Mandibular osteosynthesis, Edema.
Cutaneous Warts and Their Treatment Through Intralesional Vitamin D3
Authors: Farooqi Maria , Ali Raafia , Fatema Azmat , Khizar Syed Mohammad
Published: May 2023

Background: The Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) causes benign epidermal proliferation of the skin and mucosa. This proliferation of the skin is called warts. For the treatment of warts, a better method is being used widely over the last few years which is called intralesional immunotherapy. This method can be painful but it strengthens the cell-mediated immunity against HPV. Objective: The purpose of our research was to study cutaneous warts and determine the efficiency and safety of intralesional vitamin D3 in them. Moreover, we also evaluated their effects by assessing the results of the treatment. Study design: A cross-sectional study Place and Duration: This multi centric study was conducted in multiple dermatology centers of Saudi Arabia from August 2021 to August 2022 Methodology: A total of 50 patients were a part of this research. Every patient was above 18 years of age. They were given a maximum of 5 injections that were injected with an interval of 2 weeks. The injection of vitamin D3 was used in this research. 600k IU of cholecalciferol is contained in the vials in 1 ml. Lignocaine (0.2 ml) was first injected into the selected warts. Later in a few minutes, into the base of each wart, vitamin D3 (0.2 ml) was injected. After the treatment, every individual was observed for the next 6 months to detect the reduction in the size of warts or whether there is any recurrence. Results: Out of 50 individuals, the majority of them were having palmoplantar warts. There were 29 people who were having palmoplantar warts. Moreover, there were 10 individuals who were having common warts, 5 patients who had filiform warts, and the rest 6 individuals who were having periungual warts. There were 40 patients who showed a 100 percent response (complete response). A total of 5 participants showed a mild response and the rest 5 showed a moderate response. There were 4 patients in which the recurrence of warts was noted. Lastly, there were no serious effects reported. Conclusion: The most safe and effective treatment for multiple cutaneous warts is Intralesional vitamin D3. Keywords: Common warts, Intralesional vitamin D3, efficacy, adults, palmoplantar warts
In Deep Water: A Case Study on Kinematics in Deep Water Running
Authors: Evans Stuart , Bini Rodrigo
Published: May 2023

Introduction: This field-based case study assessed linear accelerations of the torso centre of mass (CoM) and the tibia using two wearable sensors in a triathlete performing 20 minutes of continuous deep water running.
Methods: One triathlete (36 years; height; 151 cm; weight; 63 kg) participated in this field-based case study. One wearable sensor (an accelerometer) was located on the lumbar five/sacrum one (L5/S1) spinous process as a proxy for the centre of mass (CoM) and on the midpoint of the right tibia to capture linear acceleration magnitudes. The participant then performed 20 minutes of deep water running that was completed at a self-selected pace.
Results: No significant differences (p<0.05) in torso CoM and tibia acceleration magnitudes were detected in 20 minutes of deep water running. Despite this, the magnitude of torso CoM and tibia acceleration, notably in the anteroposterior and vertical directions, increased at the midpoint of the deep water run, possibly indicating the onset of fatigue.
Conclusions: This field-based case study suggests that a wearable sensor can reliably detect variations to the torso CoM and tibia by way of linear acceleration magnitudes in 20 minutes of continuous deep water running. Based on these results, it is possible that the increased acceleration observed at the tibia were due to the onset of fatigue. Future investigations with a larger number of participants are needed to further explore the relationship between torso and tibia acceleration and fatigue in deep water running.