bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Der Tod, das Leben und die Röhre: Die menschliche Existenz hängt an einem Wirrsal von Schläuchen – vom Anfang bis zum Ende
Authors: Hennig Matthias
Published: September 2020

Röhren und Schläuche bilden zentrale menschliche Organisationsformen: Sie ordnen die Ströme unseres Atem-, Verdauungs- und Blutkreislaufs, durch sie vollziehen sich Zeugung, Geburt – und intensivmedizinisch auch der Tod am vom Schläuchen umschlungenen Körper. Ebenso basieren die wichtigsten Waren-, Energie- und Datenströme ganz oder zumindest teilweise auf diesem zirkulatorischen Prinzip möglichst engwandiger und zugleich tausende Kilometer und Meilen weit verschlungener Wege: ob in Straßen- oder Eisenbahntunneln, Erdgaspipelines oder den Land- und Seekabeln für Telefon- und Internet, ohne die der Welthandel quasi zum Erliegen käme: Die Anthropologie berührt sich hier mit der Kultur- und Technikanthropologie.
Von der Überwindung des Ressentiments
Authors: Böhler Arno
Published: September 2020

In den ersten Kapiteln werde ich ein ethologisches Modell von Körperlichkeit vorstellen, in dem Körper, ganz im Sinne Spinozas, als lokale Bestandteile eines weltweiten Gefüges gedacht werden. Körper sind demnach keine von ihrer Umgebung isolierbaren Substanzen, in ihnen treten vielmehr Sach-Verhalte in Erscheinung, denen ein systemisches Selbsterhaltungsstreben (conatus) innewohnt. Der den Körpern immanente Appetit, sich in ihrem Sein zu erhalten, bezieht sich daher nicht nur auf die Selbsterhaltung des eigenen Organismus, sondern auf die systemische Erhaltung des eigenen In-der-Welt-Seins, das ein Organismus mit seiner Umwelt teilt.

In den darauffolgenden Kapiteln analysiere ich die dunkle Alchemie, die Körper erleiden, wenn ihr Appetit, sich in ihrem Sein zu erhalten, durch äußere Ursachen gehemmt und schließlich vergiftet wird. Eine Dynamik, die Nietzsche in seiner Streitschrift Zur Genealogie der Moral treffend als Wille zum Nichts charakterisiert hatte. In ihr verkehrt sich der Lebenswille in einen Hass auf das Leben, der sich am Leben zu rächen beginnt, indem er es verdammt.

Diesem destruktiven, selbstwidersprüchlichen Willen zum Nichts setzt Spinoza im fünften Buch seiner Ethik eine Glückseligkeitslehre entgegen, die den Geist der Rache immunisiert, indem sie an der Hervorbringung freudvoller Lebensverhältnisse arbeitet. Nicht der dialektische Kampf gegen das Ressentiment und seine destruktive Dynamik steht daher im Zentrum seiner Ethik. Es ist vielmehr die Kultivierung aktiver Affekte – Affekte der Freude, Liebe und Selbstzufriedenheit –, die für Spinoza das Ende der Hass- und Gewaltspirale versprechen. Damit zieht er die Konsequenzen aus der Einsicht, dass ein Affekt nur durch einen anderen, stärkeren Affekt gehemmt und schließlich außer Kraft gesetzt werden kann: Hass durch tiefgründige Liebeserfahrungen, Ressentiment durch freudvolle Erfahrungen.
Wassergeschichten
Authors: Möllmann Christopher
Published: September 2020

Angesichts auseinanderdriftender historischer Forschungs- und Publikationsformen ist es an der Zeit, die ursprünglich-radikalen Züge einer historischen Anthropologie nochmals hervorzukehren und ihre Eigenarten am Rande des Akademischen zu dramatisieren, ohne den von ihr zwischen den Disziplinen beanspruchten Raum unruhigen, riskanten Denkens vorschnell einer sekundären Disziplinierung zu unterwerfen. Daher stellt der Text einige noch immer aufregende Einsätze historischer Anthropologie um 1980 vor, die gegenwärtigen fachhistorischen Neigungen zum Didaktischen, Marktgerechten und Neoprofessionellen zuwiderlaufen. Sie stehen für ein gleichermaßen intellektuelles wie existenzielles Abenteuer, das eine historische Anthropologie noch immer zu sein verspricht.
A Pandemic of Violence? The Impact of COVID-19 on Conflict
Authors: Polo Sara M.T.
Published: September 2020

This article examines the impact and repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on patterns of armed conflict around the world. It argues that there are two main ways in which the pandemic is likely to fuel, rather than mitigate, conflict and engender further violence in conflict-prone countries: (1) the exacerbating effect of COVID-19 on the underlying root causes of conflict and (2) the exploitation of the crisis by governments and non-state actors who have used the coronavirus to gain political advantage and territorial control. The article uses data collected in real-time by the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) and the Johns Hopkins University to illustrate the unfolding and spatial distribution of conflict events before and during the pandemic and combine this with three brief case studies of Afghanistan, Nigeria, and Libya. Descriptive evidence shows how levels of violence have remained unabated or even escalated during the first five months of the pandemic and how COVID-19-related social unrest has spread beyond conflict-affected countries.
Boron nitride nanoplatelets as two-dimensional thermal fillers in epoxy composites: new scenarios at very low filler loadings
Authors: Shi Yao , Lin Genlian , Ma Xi-Fei , Huang Xiao , Zhao Jing , Luo Hongjie , Sun Dazhi
Published: September 2020

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanoplatelets (0.6 μm in diameter and 100 nm in thickness) are introduced into epoxy resin to improve the polymer’s thermal conducting ability. As expected, the thermal conductivities (TCs) of the composites, especially the in-plane TCs, are significantly increased. The in-plane TC of the epoxy composites can reach 1.67 W/mK at only 0.53 wt% loading, indicating h-BN nanopletelets are very effective thermal fillers. However, after carefully studied the correlation of the TC improvement and filler content, a sudden drop of the TC around 0.53 wt% filler loading is observed. Such an unexpected decrease in TC has never been reported and is also found to be consistent with the T
g changes versus filler content. Similar trend is also observed in other 2-D nanofillers, such as graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, which may indicate it is a general phenomenon for 2-D nanofillers. SEM results suggest that such sudden drop in TC might be coming from the enrichment of these 2-D nanofillers in localized areas due to their tendency to form more ordered phase above certain concentrations.
Influence of trisilanol isooctyl POSS content on the structure, morphology and rheological properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)
Authors: Fiorio Rudinei , Danda Chaitanya , Maia João
Published: September 2020

In this study, thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) containing trisilanol isooctyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS), a reactive nanofiller, were synthesized and characterized rheologically and morphologically, and the effects of POSS content on the melt thermal stability of the TPUs are investigated. Samples containing 0, 0.23, 0.57, 1.14, and 2.23% (w/w) POSS were synthesized by reactive extrusion and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), oscillatory and extensional rheometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS, respectively). The rheological properties of molten TPU are time-dependent and the melt thermal stability of the TPU is maximal at 1.14% of POSS. The addition of 0.23 and 0.57% POSS promotes strain-hardening at low extensional strain rates (0.01 and 0.10 s−1), not affecting the extensional characteristics at higher strain rates. The addition of increasing amounts of POSS leads to the formation of POSS-rich clusters well dispersed in the TPU matrix. SAXS and WAXS results show that the POSS domains are amorphous and that POSS does not modify the crystalline structure of TPU. Therefore, this work indicates that synthesizing TPU in the presence of trisilanol isooctyl POSS can increase the melt thermal stability of the polymer, facilitating its processing.
Do plasticized polyvinylchloride and polyurethane infusion sets promote infliximab adsorption?
Authors: Chennell Philip , Tokhadzé Nicolas , Sautou Valérie
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Infliximab diluted solutions have been shown to be physicochemically stable for long periods, however the adsorption of infliximab during infusions has not been readily investigated. This study aimed to evaluate potential adsorption phenomena of infliximab during administration through Polyvinylchloride (PVC) and Polyurethane (PU) infusion sets.

Methods

Infliximab (INFLECTRA®) solutions at 0.4 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL were submitted to static (at T0, 24 and 96 h) and dynamic contact (flow rate of 2 mL/min during 2 h with analysis times at T0, 5 min, 30 min, 60 min and 120 min) with three different infusion sets. Two contained PVC plasticized with tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM) tubings and one set was in PU tubing. Infliximab was quantified at each analytical time by protein total quantification using UV-spectroscopy according to European Pharmacopeia Monography (2.5.33) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) which allowed a specific quantification of the monomeric form and was able to highlight potential modification such as aggregation or oligomer formation.

Results

For all analysis times and conditions, infliximab concentrations remained unchanged with a maximum variation of 2.81 and 4.63% from the initial concentrations assessed by SEC and UV spectroscopy and the percentage of monomeric form remained unaltered.

Conclusions

Our study showed that there was no significant loss of infliximab. According to these results each of the three infusion sets could be used for the administration of infliximab solutions without causing any loss of active substance.
Chromatographic analysis of bio-oil formed in fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass
Authors: Grams Jacek
Published: September 2020

Fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass is one of the most promising methods of the production of renewable fuels. However, an optimization of the conditions of bio-oil production is not possible without comprehensive analysis of the composition of formed products. There are several methods for the determination of distribution of products formed during thermal decomposition of biomass with chromatography being the most versatile among them. Although, due to the complex structure of bio-oil (presence of hundreds chemical compounds with different chemical character), an interpretation of the obtained chromatograms is not an easy task. Therefore, the aim of this work is to present an application of different chromatographic methods to the analysis of the composition of the mixture of products formed in high temperature decomposition of lignocellulosic feedstock. It includes pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), two dimensional gas (GC x GC) or liquid chromatography (LC x LC) and initial fractionation of bio-oil components. Moreover, the problems connected with the analysis of bio-oils formed with the use of various fast pyrolysis reactors and capabilities of multivariate analysis are discussed.
Greener and sustainable production of bioethylene from bioethanol: current status, opportunities and perspectives
Authors: Jamil Farrukh , Aslam Muhammad , Al-Muhtaseb Ala’a H. , Bokhari Awais , Rafiq Sikander , Khan Zakir , Inayat Abrar , Ahmed Ashfaq , Hossain Shakhawat , Khurram Muhammad Shahzad , Abu Bakar Muhammad S.
Published: September 2020

The economic value of bioethylene produced from bioethanol dehydration is remarkable due to its extensive usage in the petrochemical industry. Bioethylene is produced through several routes, such as steam cracking of hydrocarbons from fossil fuel and dehydration of bioethanol, which can be produced through fermentation processes using renewable substrates such as glucose and starch. The rise in oil prices, environmental issues due to toxic emissions caused by the combustion of fossil fuel and depletion of fossil fuel resources have led a demand for an alternative pathway to produce green ethylene. One of the abundant alternative renewable sources for bioethanol production is biomass. Bioethanol produced from biomass is alleged to be a competitive alternative to bioethylene production as it is environmentally friendly and economical. In recent years, many studies have investigated catalysts and new reaction engineering pathways to enhance the bioethylene yield and to lower reaction temperature to drive the technology toward economic feasibility and practicality. This paper critically reviews bioethylene production from bioethanol in the presence of different catalysts, reaction conditions and reactor technologies to achieve a higher yield and selectivity of ethylene. Techno-economic and environmental assessments are performed to further development and commercialization. Finally, key issues and perspectives that require utmost attention to facilitate global penetration of technology are highlighted.
State-of-the-art of CO2 capture with amino acid salt solutions
Authors: Ramezani Rouzbeh , Mazinani Saeed , Di Felice Renzo
Published: September 2020

The emission of large amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere is believed to be a major reason behind climate change, which has led to increased demand for CO2 capture. Postcombustion CO2 capture with chemical solvent is considered one of the most important technologies in order to reduce CO2 emission. Amino acid salt solutions have attracted special attention in recent years due to their excellent physicochemical properties, e.g., low volatility, less toxicity, and high oxidative stability, as well as capture performance comparable with conventional amines. In this study, physicochemical properties of 20 amino acids are reported and their CO2 absorption performance discussed. The topics covered in this review include the most relevant properties of amino acids including CO2 loading capacity, cyclic capacity, equilibrium constant, density, viscosity, dissociation constant, CO2 solubility, CO2 diffusivity, reaction kinetic between CO2 and amino acid salts, reaction rate constant, surface tension, heat of CO2 absorption, precipitation, toxicity, solvent degradation, and corrosion rate. This review provides the most recent information available in the literature on the potential of using amino acid salts as a solvent for CO2 capture which can help improve the performance of the CO2 capture process from flue gas streams.
Thermodynamic and kinetics investigation of homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation
Authors: Khaleghi Atefeh , Sadrameli Seyed Mojtaba , Manteghian Mehrdad
Published: September 2020

Nucleation is a fundamental process widely studied in different areas of industry and biology. This review paper comprehensively discussed the principles of classical nucleation theory (primary homogeneous), and heterogeneous nucleation. In the homogeneous part, the nucleation rate in the transient and intransient state is monitored and also heterogeneous nucleation is covered. Finally, conclusions have been deduced from the collected works studied here, and offers for future studies are proposed.
Gut microbiota on gender bias in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Hao Xia , Pan Jiao , Gao Xiumei , Zhang Shiyu , Li Yue
Published: September 2020

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder. Its three core symptoms are social communication disorder, communication disorder, narrow interest and stereotyped repetitive behavior. The proportion of male and female autistic patients is 4:1. Many researchers have studied this phenomenon, but the mechanism is still unclear. This review mainly discusses the related mechanism from the perspective of gut microbiota and introduces the influence of gut microbiota on the difference of ASD between men and women, as well as how gut microbiota may affect the gender dimorphism of ASD through metabolite of microbiota, immunity, and genetics, which provide some useful information for those who are interested in this research and find more gender-specific treatment for autistic men and women.
BDNF and nicotine dependence: associations and potential mechanisms
Authors: Huang Zeyi , Wu Daichao , Qu Xilin , Li Meixiang , Zou Ju , Tan Sijie
Published: September 2020

Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide and tobacco addiction has become a serious public health problem. Nicotine is the main addictive component of tobacco, and the majority of people that smoke regularly develop nicotine dependence. Nicotine addiction is deemed to be a chronic mental disorder. Although it is well known that nicotine binds to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and activates the mesolimbic dopaminergic system (MDS) to generate the pleasant and rewarding effects, the molecular mechanisms of nicotine addiction are not fully understood. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most prevalent growth factor in the brain, which regulates neuron survival, differentiation, and synaptic plasticity, mainly through binding to the high affinity receptor tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB). BDNF gene polymorphisms are associated with nicotine dependence and blood BDNF levels are altered in smokers. In this review, we discussed the effects of nicotine on BDNF expression in the brain and summarized the underlying signaling pathways, which further indicated BDNF as a key regulator in nicotine dependence. Further studies that aim to understand the neurobiological mechanism of BDNF in nicotine addcition would provide a valuable reference for quitting smoking and developing the treatment of other addictive substances.
Deutsche Sicherheitspolitik seit 1990: Auf der Suche nach einer Strategie
Authors: Schlie Ulrich
Published: September 2020

Der Aufsatz bilanziert die deutsche Sicherheitspolitik seit 1990 unter dem Gesichtspunkt von ressortübergreifendem Sicherheitsverständnis und gesamtstaatlicher Sicherheitsvorsorge. Er arbeitet das fehlende Bewusstsein für den Zusammenhang zwischen Diplomatie und Militärstrategie in historischer Perspektive heraus und identifiziert die damit verbundene strategische Lücke bei der Formulierung und Implementierung der praktischen Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik. Diese zeigt sich insbesondere bei den außenpolitischen Debatten im Bundestag und einem wenig ausgeprägten ressortgemeinsamen, sicherheitspolitischen Verständnis der Auslandseinsätze der Bundeswehr. Für eine vorausschauende, strategisch aufgestellte Sicherheitspolitik fehlen ressortübergreifende Planungs- und Analysekapazitäten, sowie die Bereitschaft, Außenpolitik, Wirtschaftspolitik und Militärstrategie ganzheitlich zu denken und in einem gemeinsamen sicherheitspolitischen Konzept umzusetzen.
Lichtfeld-Tiefenschätzung für die Vermessung teilspiegelnder Oberflächen
Authors: Uhlig David , Heizmann Michael
Published: September 2020

Die Deflektometrie analysiert Messproben durch indirekte Beobachtung einer bekannten Referenzszene als Reflexion in der Oberfläche. Sie benötigt jedoch Zusatzwissen, z.B. über mindestens einen Oberflächenpunkt, um sehr präzise Oberflächengradienten zu messen. Lichtfeldkameras als optische 3D-Messgeräte erlauben es bei teilspiegelnden Oberflächen, die Entfernung sowohl zur Oberfläche als auch zur Referenzszene zu messen. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Ansatz präsentiert, bei dem diese doppelte Tiefenschätzung effektiv mit der Deflektometrie kombiniert wird. Durch Formulieren der Oberflächenrekonstruktion als Variationsproblem wird die Tiefenschätzung mit den deflektometrischen Gradienten fusioniert. Experimente bestätigen die Methode und zeigen, dass hohe Rekonstruktionsgenauigkeiten erreicht werden.
Aero-thermal optimization of the rim seal cavity to enhance rotor platform thermal protection
Authors: Juangphanich Paht , Paniagua Guillermo
Published: September 2020

The flow field in the rotor-stator rim cavity is controlled by both the instantaneous distortion caused by rotor and stator airfoils. Naturally one would then assume that the design of optimal rim seal geometries would require full unsteady turbine stage simulations, that would then require an experimental assessment. This manuscript presents a reduced-order approach, neglecting the obvious unsteady interaction effects, to optimize the cavity geometry with a two-dimensional axisymmetric approach, making it possible to explore a wide range of geometries followed by an experimental assessment in a linear cascade. Two parameterization strategies are presented, coupled with a genetic optimizer to maximize thermal protection to the rotor rear platform while minimizing the cooling massflow required. This reduced-order optimization scheme was then assessed at different levels of sophistication to assess the effect of rotation, the vanes, and the rotor geometry with a series of increasing levels of fidelity to the real turbine conditions. Finally, this paper demonstrated the sensitivity of the optimal geometries to variations in the axial gap and purge coolant total pressure.
The complete series of sodium rare-earth metal(III) chloride oxotellurates(IV) Na2
RE
3Cl3[TeO3]4 (RE = Y, La–Nd, Sm–Lu)
Authors: Greiner Stefan , Zitzer Sabine , Strobel Sabine , Berdonosov Peter S. , Schleid Thomas
Published: September 2020

The complete series of sodium rare-earth metal(III) chloride oxotellurates(IV) with the composition Na2
RE
3Cl3[TeO3]4 (RE = Y, La–Nd, Sm–Lu) has been synthesized via solid-state reactions. For these conversions mixtures of the respective rare-earth metal(III) oxides, tellurium dioxide and sodium chloride as flux and reactant were prepared, intimately ground and heated for 5 days at 1225 K. The almost colorless single crystals were characterized via single-crystal X-ray diffractometry. In the monoclinic crystal structure of these compounds two crystallographically different rare-earth metal(III), but only one sodium cation sites occur. [REO8]13− polyhedra around both RE
3+ positions as well as sodium-centered polyhedra [NaO4Cl4]8− form layers via different connectivity modes. These layers spread out parallel to the (001) plane and arrange alternatingly resulting in the three-dimensional network of the Na2
RE
3Cl3[TeO3]4 structure, where the Te4+ lone-pair cations at two different sites work as linkers by forming isolated ψ
1-tetrahedra [TeO3]2−. Some of these compounds were represented before in different settings of space group C2/c. Now the complete series of the Na2
RE
3Cl3[TeO3]4 representatives with RE = Y, La–Nd, Sm–Lu is described consistently for a better comparison and understanding. Additionally, a single crystal of Na2Pr3Cl3[TeO3]4 was measured via energy dispersive X-ray analysis to verify the included elements, powder samples of Na2Nd3Cl3[TeO3]4 were characterized by X-ray diffractometer data for a phase-purity check and a single-crystal Raman spectrum of Na2Yb3Cl3[TeO3]4 served for proving the signature of discrete [TeO3]2− anions.
First-principles study of structures, elastic and optical properties of single-layer metal iodides under strain
Authors: Ran Ran , Hu Cui-E , Cheng Yan , Chen Xiang-Rong , Ji Guang-Fu
Published: September 2020

The structure, elastic, electronic and optical properties of two-dimensional (2D) MI2 (M = Pb, Ge, Cd) under strain are systematically studied by the first-principles method. It is proved that the monolayer structure of 2D-MI2 is stable by phonon spectra. Moreover, the large ideal strain strength (40%), the large range of strain and the elastic constants of far smaller than other 2D materials indicate that the single-layer PbI2 and GeI2 possess excellent ductility and flexibility. By applying appropriate strain to the structure of 2D-MI2, the band gaps of single-layer MI2 can be effectively controlled (PbI2: 1.04 ∼ 3.03 eV, GeI2: 0.43 ∼ 2.99 eV and CdI2: 0.54 ∼ 3.36 eV). It is found that the wavelength range of light absorbed by these three metal iodides is 82–621 nm, so 2D-MI2 has great absorption intensity for ultraviolet light in a large wavelength range, and the strain of structure can effectively regulate the optical parameters.
Control of the half-cycle harmonic emission process for generating the intense and ultrashort single attosecond pulses (SAPs)
Authors: Feng Li-Qiang , Liu Li
Published: September 2020

In this paper, the half-cycle harmonic generation process has been controlled by using the asymmetric inhomogeneous chirped pulse combined with the ultraviolet (UV) pulse. It is found that by properly optimizing the chirps and chirp delays of the fundamental two-color pulse, the optimal negative and positive half-cycle laser profiles for the harmonic cutoff extension can be obtained. Further, with the introduction of the negative and positive inhomogeneous effect, respectively, the harmonic cutoff from the negative and positive half-cycle laser profiles can be further improved. Next, with the assistance of the UV pulse, the harmonic intensity can be enhanced due to the UV resonance ionization. Moreover, the single and double UV photon resonance ionizations are much better for generating the higher harmonic intensity. As a result, the stronger and broader harmonic plateaus with the larger harmonic cutoff can be obtained, which can support the generation of the high-intensity ultrashort attosecond pulses with the pulse durations of sub-45 as.
Anticancer effects of novel NSAIDs derivatives on cultured human glioblastoma cells
Authors: Özdemir Özlem , Marinelli Lisa , Cacciatore Ivana , Ciulla Michele , Emsen Bugrahan , Di Stefano Antonio , Mardinoglu Adil , Turkez Hasan
Published: September 2020

Several epidemiologic, clinical and experimental reports indicate that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) could have a potential as anticancer agents. The aim of this study was the evaluation of cytotoxic potential in human glioblastoma cells of novel synthesized NSAID derivatives, obtained by linking, through a spacer, α-lipoic acid (ALA) to anti-inflammatory drugs, such as naproxen (AL-3, 11 and 17), flurbiprofen (AL-6, 13 and 19) and ibuprofen (AL-9, 15 and 21). The effects on the level of gene expression were also determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. According to our results, NSAID derivatives exhibited concentration dependent cytotoxic effects on U87-MG cell line when compared with the control group. Moreover, treatment of the most active compounds (AL-3, AL-6 and AL-9) caused upregulation of tumor suppressor gene PTEN and downregulation of some oncogenes such as AKT1, RAF1 and EGFR. In conclusion, our results revealed that AL-3, AL-6 and AL-9 could be suitable candidates for further investigation to develop new pharmacological strategies for the prevention of cancer.
Auf der Suche nach dem kirchenpolitischen System der Reichsverfassung
Authors: Wall Heinrich de
Published: September 2020

In search of the system of the state-church relation in the German Constitution – the academic discussion about state church law in the period of Weimar. The academic discussion during the period of Weimar about the state-church relation as it was adjusted by the German Constitution lasted only thirteen years. Among many other themes it focussed on the right of self-determination of religious communities and its limits, on the churches’ status as public corporations, and on the extent of state supervision over the churches. Summarizing these topics, the question how the “system of church politics of the constitution” could be defined was widely discussed. As the state-church regulation was the result of a compromise between fundamentally opposing positions, it was hardly possible to find a summarizing term for this concept. The formulations which were proposed clearly reflect this difficulty. Irrespective of this, the Weimar discussion developed principles of the state church law which are still valid.
La ciudad como currículo y dispositivo formador. Propuesta de enseñanza del patrimonio cultural
Authors: Santamaria Alzate Pablo , Giraldo Vásquez Maria Isabel
Published: September 2020

El presente artículo describe una propuesta de aula desarrollada en el curso de Historia del diseño de la Fundación Universitaria Bellas Artes y el Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, dos universidades de Medellín, Colombia. La propuesta recurre al concepto de educación y currículo expandido para llevar a cabo un ejercicio que busca generar nuevos sentidos de apropiación de lo patrimonial a través de narrativas visuales, articulando las redes sociales, las tecnologías digitales simples y el patrimonio fotográfico de la ciudad para el reconocimiento del espacio urbano como generador y constructor de memoria colectiva. Se concluye que la fotografía patrimonial tiene la capacidad de ilustrar la vida de las pequeñas historias que componen una memoria colectiva y una historia no lineal, lo que produce en los estudiantes relaciones significativas con el pasado de su ciudad, además de cautivarlos en el ejercicio investigativo.
O design no desenvolvimento de cidades humanas inteligentes
Authors: Scandolara da Silva Carina , Fontoura Berlato Larissa , Gonçalves de Figueiredo Luiz Fernando , Teixeira Clarissa Stefani
Published: September 2020

Cidades humanas inteligentes desenvolvem-se em abordagens participativas e centradas no cidadão. Os espaços públicos requalificados atraem mais pessoas e recursos. A inovação social gera soluções novas e duradouras para grupos sociais e comunidades por meio de participação e colaboração. O design contribui para resolução de problemas centrados no usuário. Neste contexto, a pesquisa analisou a atuação do designer como um ator social de articulação estratégica e desenvolvimento de projetos em inovações sociais, visando a concepção e construção de cidades humanas inteligentes. Sua aplicação aconteceu num estudo de caso: Projeto Inova Verde, no qual foi desenvolvida uma horta pública para ressignificação de um espaço abandonado numa universidade brasileira na cidade de Florianópolis. O projeto foi articulado por designers de um núcleo de pesquisa e extensão universitária. Considerou-se que o designer tem potencial para articular a integração entre comunidade, espaço e objetivos de projeto, contribuindo no desenvolvimento de cidades humanas inteligentes.
El derecho a la ciudad financierizada
Authors: Vergara-Perucich José Francisco , Boano Camillo
Published: September 2020

Este artículo presenta un conjunto de antecedentes para producir el concepto de derecho a la ciudad financierizada: la aplicación de la agenda emancipadora del derecho a la ciudad sobre los procesos de producción de ciudad en la era de la financierización, con especial énfasis en la vivienda y tomando como referencia el caso de Chile. A modo de ensayo crítico, se recoge evidencia empírica que expone cómo ocurre la financierización de la vivienda, para culminar presentando una reflexión que aplica los principios del derecho a la ciudad a estos modos de producción urbana.
Acceso a equipamiento urbano y calidad de vida. Quilpué y Villa Alemana, Chile
Authors: Cáceres César , Ahumada Griselda
Published: September 2020

El acceso a equipamiento y servicios urbanos ha ganado centralidad en la discusión urbana chilena, siendo un elemento fundamental de la política, los indicadores y el proyecto de ley sobre integración social urbana. De esta manera, el Estado chileno reconoce que para democratizar la calidad de vida y el desarrollo humano no basta con asegurar una vivienda, sino que debe promover entornos residenciales funcionalmente complejos. El artículo mide la accesibilidad al equipamiento urbano y su relación con la distribución de grupos socioeconómicos en dos comunas del Área Metropolitana de Valparaíso: Quilpué y Villa Alemana. Los resultados muestran un patrón de urbanización desequilibrado, con alta cobertura de servicios urbanos como colegios y centros de salud, pero deficitaria en la distribución de oportunidades de ocio, deporte y cultura, lo cual se traduce en un factor de reproducción de desigualdades sociales, ya que priva a grupos medios y vulnerables de oportunidades de recreación y cultura en la cercanía a su lugar de habitación.
Espacios residuales entre la arquitectura y la infraestructura. El teleférico del Complexo do Alemão
Authors: Espósito Galarce Fernando
Published: September 2020

A casi cuatro años de finalizados los Juegos Olímpicos de Rio 2016, es posible observar con mayor claridad los efectos de algunas intervenciones promovidas por el poder público para atender a este mega evento. En algunas áreas, principalmente favelas, esos efectos han sido profundos y las respuestas del poder público poco atentas a los procesos de ajuste entre la vida de los barrios afectados y la escala infraestructural de las intervenciones. Ese proceso de adaptación ha evidenciado una residualidad espacial entre las diferentes escalas del territorio intervenido, objeto de estudio de este trabajo. Esas tensiones fueron provocadas principalmente por el Teleférico del Complexo do Alemão, (Rio de Janeiro), en espacios proyectados y remanentes de la intervención en los que surgieron usos y apropiaciones no programadas, propias del desajuste entre la escala infraestructural y la escala arquitectónica. Metodológicamente el trabajo opera sobre la base de investigación en campo, con observaciones comparadas realizadas entre los años 2013 y 2019. Los resultados son analizados a la luz de tres conceptos: residualidad, infraestructura y el componente espacio-afectivo de la apropiación. Esos espacios residuales ganan significado una vez que, como espacio habitado, son modificados por las dinámicas de uso y apropiación de la población.
Prodigia de Numa Pompilio a Emilio Paulo. Lo sobrenatural
Authors: Mora Iglesias Emmanuel
Published: September 2020

Resumen: Este artículo es un recuento de los diferentes prodigios y portentos registrados por el historiador roman Tito Livio desde su institucionalización (en el tiempo de los reyes romanos) hasta el fin de la III Guerra Macedónica. Hemos utilizado como una fuente importante los Prodigios de Julius Obsequens.
Presentación: Dossier El Quehacer de las Humanidades: Acción Social, Investigación y Metodologías e Innovación Tecnológica en la Docencia
Authors: Núñez Moya Jáirol
Published: September 2020

La importancia de los Estudios Humanísticos para el desarrollo de la sociedad es clave. En el caso de la Universidad de Costa Rica, las Humanidades han tenido un papel determinante desde sus inicios, hace casi ocho décadas. Por ello, no se debe perder de vista el aporte que se genera a la dinámica universitaria y social desde los Estudios Generales.
Medea (2016) de Alexandra Latishev: la actualización del mito griego en una nueva tragedia
Authors: Ramírez Guerrero Angela , Soto Arguedas Abileny
Published: September 2020

La película Medea (2016) de la cineasta costarricense Alexandra Latishev Salazar trata del discurso sobre el imaginario relativo a la sexualidad y la maternidad en Costa Rica. En el marco del pensamiento humanista, la discusión de estos temas resulta fundamental en tanto que ayuda a estimular la empatía y la solidaridad hacia el otro, en este caso, hacia las mujeres a las que se les impone la maternidad como un imperativo ligado a su condición biológica.
Teoría crítica del derecho en Ignacio Ellacuría
Authors: Molina Araya Andrés
Published: September 2020

El presente trabajo es un esfuerzo por construir una teoría crítica del derecho, a partir del pensamiento de Ignacio Ellacuría. Para ello, dialoga con algunas de las principales categorías teóricas elaboradas por el autor, y se pregunta, cómo estas contribuirían a tal esfuerzo.

Concluyendo, que una teoría crítica del derecho desde Ellacuría constituye una norma abierta, en diálogo y tensionada con las necesidades del proceso histórico; y principalmente, comprometida con la construcción de una sociedad capaz de suplir de las necesidades humanas, que el autor llamó: la civilización del trabajo.
Female Religious Leadership during Khrushchev’s Anti-Religious Campaign
Authors: Beliakova Nadezhda , Mironova Ekaterina
Published: September 2020

This article considers female leadership in Evangelical Baptist communities in the postwar period. The authors examine the extent to which the division of roles in religious communities was gender-dependent and how contemporaries perceived and described the roles of men and women in Baptist communities. The authors refer to materials from the town of Rasskazovo (a centre of Tambov region); there, the community of Baptists was led by Antonina Terekhova and Anna Zheltova. The documents studied demonstrate that the leaders of the community combined traditional “women’s” roles, such as looking after their children and grandchildren and running a household, with management of the religious community. This practice was heavily criticised and then persecuted by a governmental official, who, while restricting religious life in general, was also concerned about the gender of the community’s leader. The authors refer to such sources as oral accounts they collected, the archive of the Authorised Council for Religious Affairs (Tambov region), the archival collection of A. I. Klibanov’s expedition to Tambov region (1959), and the internal archive of the Russian Union of Evangelical Christian Baptists. The authors conclude that female leadership, often interpreted as “fanaticism”, was not suited for the format of religious life proposed by Soviet secular institutions. The fact that they had families made women more vulnerable to attacks from public institutions but also reduced the likelihood of direct repression.
The Image of Chinа as Interpreted by the Military Periodical Letopis’ voiny s Yaponiyey
Authors: Frolov Vasily
Published: September 2020

This article analyses the distinctive features of the image of China (Qing Empire) on the pages of the periodical Letopis’ Voiny s Yaponiyey (Chronicle of War with Japan) by its reporters. The Far Eastern neighbour of Russia appears as a state that lacks strong authority within the country and is unable to fully carry out an independent foreign policy. The authors of the Letopis’ do not ignore that China is close to Japan culturally and religiously and consider it a possible adversary of the Russian Empire. However, they also believe that China is unable to become an active participant in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905 due to political pressure from the European powers and the US. The reporters of the Letopis’ pay special attention to the fact that as early as the beginning of last century, the Chinese were ready to “rise” and begin their struggle for independence, both from foreign powers and from the hated national elite of China, the Manchu Qing dynasty. In conclusion, the study argues that in the early twentieth century, the media, primarily newspapers and magazines, were given a special and important role in the Russian Empire in promoting the interests of the state and government. It was then that official and pro-governmental periodicals in Russia began, if necessary, to turn into a tool for forming the image of certain states (as an ally, enemy or neutral state) in the minds of the public in accordance with the will of the political elite.
The Faces of Florence in Aleksandr Blok’s Italian Poems
Authors: Fedyakin Sergey
Published: September 2020

This article examines the first two poems in Aleksandr Blok’s cycle Florence, which describe two opposite images of the city. The poet visited Italy in 1909, and his impressions are reflected in these poems. In the first poem, the city is compared to “Judas”: the poet maintains that Florence has betrayed its glorious past for the sake of the benefits accruing from civilization. Blok’s curses are reminiscent of his argument with V. V. Rozanov about the earthquake in Messina. Rozanov perceived the tragedy sympathetically, as a person capable of perceiving the smallest details of life. Rozanov accused Blok of indifference because the poet considered the earthquake a prologue to future disasters in the life of mankind. The second poem of the cycle compares the city to “a delicate iris”. The tone of denial in the first poem forced the editor of the Apollon magazine to refuse to publish the poem, though Blok explained in a letter that the image had been achieved through suffering. Blok’s perception of Florence was formed by signs of modern life, by Dante’s story (who was expelled from his hometown and found shelter in Ravenna), and by an episode where Blok witnessed the transportation of a dead man. The second image is connected with the poet moving to another part of the city by the Cascine Park, where there were many irises. The image of the flower made Blok remember Shakhmatovo, where he had looked after irises. A description of Florentine irises can also be found in a book by A. N. Beketov, the poet’s grandfather. The image of irises creates a different impression of Florence. The combination of the two visible impressions is connected with the “special optics” of the poet. He found Leonardo da Vinci’s oeuvre similar to his perception of the air, as “black”. The colour inversion when something transparent looks black, like when someone sees another person’s pupils, gives the poet the ability to see the world “from the outside” in its integrity. Such a vision also gives Blok the opportunity to combine the two images of one city.
Daniil Kharms’ Phraseology as Translated into English, Serbian, and Irish: Semantics and National/Cultural Peculiarities
Authors: Dronov Pavel
Published: September 2020

This article examines the meaning and use of idioms with reference to parallel texts, nominations of gestures and speech formulas, and the national/cultural peculiarities of an author’s phraseology. The article refers to translations of Daniil Kharms’ Incidences into Serbian, English, and Irish. The author studies the meanings of idioms used by Kharms and their modifications, the actualisation of certain semantic components as part of the translation process, and the rendition of the national/cultural peculiarities of idioms. The choice of a translation equivalent for an idiom depends of the author’s ability to use idioms and their modifications. Kharms does not use idioms very often, but there are idioms in his texts whose use is untypical from the point of view of semantics: this makes the search for an equivalent in the language of translation challenging. The author analyses the culture-specific nature of Russian idioms in the text, including situations where the equivalent in the translation is also culture-specific (e. g. in the case of the Russian idiom хоть святых вон выноси). The article also focuses on the shades of meaning in international idioms and the appearance of translator’s false friends in case of dated idioms (cf. поставить себя на какую-л. ногу, i. e. ‘start behaving in a certain way’ vs. поставить кого-л. на ноги). Additionally, the work considers the influence of the linguistic worldview on translation transformations, such as the specification of urban landscape in the Irish translation, i. e. the use of the language of the rural population.
Russian Literature in France: A New Look at the History of Triumph
Authors: Vacheva Angelina
Published: September 2020

This review considers Les intellectuels russes à la conquête de l’opinion publique française: Une histoire alternative de la littérature russe en France de Cantemir à Gorki, a collection edited by Alexandre Stroev, a specialist in Franco-Russian cultural connections. The publication sets an ambitious goal — to offer an alternative history of the perception of Russian literature in France over a period of almost two centuries. Nineteen articles mostly cover the translations and reception of works by a number of prominent representatives of Russian literature in France. At the same time, many of them explore the interest of Russian writers in French culture, their reading repertoire, circle of acquaintances, and travel diaries. The opinions expressed in most cases are adapted to modern theoretical research and are significant for both the history and theory of literature. The publication is dedicated to the memory of the untimely departed Alexander Yanushkevich, a remarkable researcher of 19th-century Russian literature and a participant of the collection.
Six-minute walk test in cardiac rehabilitation
Authors: Bubnova M. G. , Persiyanova-Dubrova A. L.
Published: September 2020

Six-minute walk test (6MWT) is a simple and safe tool for assessing exercise tolerance in  various  categories  of  patients.  Currently,  6MWT  is  used to assess the functional status of a patient and determine the strategy of increasing physical activity, primarily in patients with reduced exercise tolerance and contraindications for cardiopulmonary exercise  test. The basic requirements for the 6MWT are presented, taking into account the factors affecting its  informativeness  and  accuracy,  as  well  as the interpretation of results. The diagnostic and prognostic value of 6MWT in different categories of patients are discussed. The prospects for 6MWT use in cardiac rehabilitation for planning rehabilitation program, prescribing exercises,  determining  the  risk   of   complications,   and   evaluating the effectiveness  are  considered.  The  limitations  of  6MWT  and  ways to overcome it, as well as directions for further research are presented.
Family relationships in the social network for young male homosexuals
Authors: Santos Nadynne Pastoriza dos , Abreu Paula Daniella de , Araújo Ednaldo Cavalcante de , Freitas Natália Oliveira de , Araújo Hulda Vale de , Santos Claudia Benedita dos
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the family relationships in the social network for young male homosexuals. Methods: this is a qualitative, descriptive, exploratory study anchored in the theoretical framework Social Network and including 20 male homosexuals selected by the Snowball technique through semi-structured script interview. The IRaMuTeQ software was analyzed by Similitude Analysis. Results: the primary social network was configured in the elements: 1 – Family affective ties: the center of the social network, 2 - Binding family relationship and religiosity. Final considerations: it was evaluated that the primary social network has been rooted to fragile relationships of socialization and solidarity, and that the social dimension is also rooted on conservatism, sexism/bigotry, and violence. When it comes to address this issue creates the contribution to the visibility of the homosexual youth family dynamics, since it represents the central core and first learning experience that will determine the development and ability to deal with adversities.
Essential management competencies of nurses: actions and interactions in the context of the Family Health Strategy
Authors: Peruzzo Hellen Emília , Marcon Sonia Silva , Silva Ítalo Rodolfo , Matsuda Laura Misue , Haddad Maria do Carmo Fernandez Lourenço , Peres Aida Maris , Barreto Mayckel da Silva
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the meanings attributed by the Family Health Strategy (FHS) nurses to the management competencies essential to the performance of their actions. Method: explanatory, qualitative study, whose methodological framework was based on Grounded Theory. A total of 12 Family Health Strategy nurses from a municipality in southern Brazil participated through semi-structured interviews, between December 2018 and February 2019. Results: the experience was understood by the phenomenon “Lapidating management competencies daily to play the role of a nurse in the context of the Family Health Strategy”. As action/interaction strategies, the following categories emerged: “Evidencing the management skills of Family Health Strategy nurses” and “Recognizing the need for strategies to work on specificities in the context of the Family Health Strategy”. Final considerations: according to the meanings attributed by nurses, there are several essential management skills for the work in the Family Health Strategy, but they are still little worked and developed in this context, mainly because it is a complex health care scenario.