bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐185: Study on Viewing Angle Characteristics by Color Layer with Cavity Effect
Authors: Yoon Jung-min , Kim Young-Hun , Kwak Mu-Sun , Lee Joun-Ho , Jun Mike , Kang In-Byeong
Published: June 2017

Full color Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) display with Color Filter (CF) is studied in this paper. The Organic EL Panel with CF can reduce color difference (Δu'v') for RGB Display in oblique viewing angle. We introduce technique of design new Red CF. The OLED panel with new Red CF shows good performance to enhance color gamut and viewing angle in display.
P‐155: High‐performance Coatable Polarizer by Photoalignment
Authors: Pan Su , Chigrinov Vladimir G. , Kwok Hoi Sing
Published: June 2017

A coatable polarizer with high performance is a perpetual goal
because of its numerous advantages. Here, we demonstrate a
photo‐induced coatable polarizer with a dichroic ratio of more
than 50, a contrast ratio of more than 300, and a thickness less
than 500 nm. This polarizer offers a simple and economical
technique to realize advanced displays with low cost, ultra‐thin
profile, flexible style, and high performance.
P‐195: Equivalent Lifetime Method to Improve OLED Luminance Degradation
Authors: Fan Rui , Zhang Xiaoning , Tu Zhentao , Hwang Taijun , Fu JianHang , Lu Poyen , Jou Mingjong
Published: June 2017

Equivalent lifetime method to estimate the luminance degradation degree and improve the lifetime of the OLEDs was proposed. The equivalent lifetime was calculated by converting the display time at different luminance with the same degradation degree with ascertained luminance decay curve. The calculation accuracy can reach 99.98% and lifetime can extend 13.3%.
P‐211: Mechanism Analysis of SiOxNy Peeling on the OGS Organic Film Process
Authors: Ma Weijie , Shao Xibin , guo Zongjie , Zhang Ming , Chen Qicheng , Xie Taofeng , Hu Haifeng , Yin Liuyue
Published: June 2017

Comprehensive the above results, SiOxNy peeling on OC photoresist layer has a serious impact on the yield of products. This paper found that SiOxNy peeling reason is the process of acid attacking OC photoresist surface, which resulted in 200‐800Å expansion zone. The characterization confirmed that organic material was residue on OC photoresist expansion zone. The paper also shows organic substance was vaporized after high temperature and the dense SiOxNy film result in difficult to release gas, furthmore SiOxNy film bubble appearance. The experiment results show that by adding 230℃ anneal after Metal etching and Strip process, the Peeling can be solved which can improve the yield of the product.
P‐241: Study of the Static Electricity Resistant for Cell Materials at In‐Cell Touch Structure
Authors: Huang Tsun-Chih , Lai Yu-Chen , Cheng Yao-Li , Chiu Hsu-Ping
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we study the static electricity resistant liquid crystal display (LCD) driven by in‐cell touch structure, the proposed LCD utilizes a liquid crystal mixture with negative dielectric anisotropy and a poloarizer with conductive particles PSA(resistance ≦109Ω/☐), allowing the device to be in much stable state against external electrostatic discharge (ESD). We expect that this proposed structure is suitable to electrostatic resistant FFS‐in‐cell touch LCD with a high image quality.
81‐4: Image Quality Evaluation of HDR Displays
Authors: Ye Zhengnan , Qiu Jueqin , Xu Haisong , Luo M. Ronnier , Westland Stephen
Published: June 2017

Psychophysical experiments were conducted to investigate the impacting factors on the image quality of HDR displays. The results indicate that the OLED display has advantages over IPS and VA LCDs due to its lower minimum luminance level and less pixel interaction, thus being an appropriate choice to display HDR contents.
Hhex Regulates Hematopoietic Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Stress Hematopoiesis via Repression of Cdkn2a
Authors: Jackson Jacob T. , Shields Benjamin J. , Shi Wei , Di Rago Ladina , Metcalf Donald , Nicola Nicos A. , McCormack Matthew P.
Published: June 2017

The hematopoietically expressed homeobox transcription factor (Hhex) is important for the maturation of definitive hematopoietic progenitors and B-cells during development. We have recently shown that in adult hematopoiesis, Hhex is dispensable for maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and myeloid lineages but essential for the commitment of common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) to lymphoid lineages. Here, we show that during serial bone marrow transplantation, Hhex-deleted HSCs are progressively lost, revealing an intrinsic defect in HSC self-renewal. Moreover, Hhex-deleted mice show markedly impaired hematopoietic recovery following myeloablation, due to a failure of progenitor expansion. In vitro, Hhex-null blast colonies were incapable of replating, implying a specific requirement for Hhex in immature progenitors. Transcriptome analysis of Hhex-null Lin−Sca+Kit+ cells showed that Hhex deletion leads to derepression of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and PRC1 target genes, including the Cdkn2a locus encoding the tumor suppressors p16Ink4a and p19Arf. Indeed, loss of Cdkn2a restored the capacity of Hhex-null blast colonies to generate myeloid progenitors in vitro, as well as hematopoietic reconstitution following myeloablation in vivo. Thus, HSCs require Hhex to promote PRC2-mediated Cdkn2a repression to enable continued self-renewal and response to hematopoietic stress.
Density‐dependent immigration promotes population stability in a long‐distance migratory bird
Authors: Wilson Scott , McKellar Ann E. , Reudink Matthew W. , Marra Peter P. , Ratcliffe Laurene M.
Published: June 2017

The spatial structure of populations determines the relative importance of reproduction, survival and movement on population dynamics. However, the mechanisms by which local individuals and immigrants interact and the subsequent effects of immigrants on productivity are poorly known. We developed an integrated population model (IPM) to study the extent and consequences of immigration on the dynamics of a neotropical migrant (American redstart,Setophaga ruticilla) over an 11‐year period in Ontario, Canada. New immigrants represented the majority of the study population each year with higher immigration rates for males than females and for first‐year breeders than breeders in their second year or older. Immigration was negatively density dependent, with immigrants replacing previously established breeders in a compensatory manner following their death or emigration. Because of the tradeoff between immigration and apparent survival, neither had a strong influence on population growth and reproductive output was most strongly correlated with a change in abundance between years. However, if immigration ceased, the study population would become locally extinct within 7 years and thus immigrants were essential for local population persistence. We found no evidence for reduced breeding success when immigrants represented a higher proportion of the study population. Our research highlights the importance of movement in the stability of open populations and the strong correlation between the fates of local breeders and the number of immigrants entering the population. We recommend the use of IPMs to address the spatial scale over which immigration occurs and how different scales influence its contribution to population dynamics.
A computer-generated plus-shaped arrangement and its architectural applications
Authors: Shekhawat Krishnendra
Published: June 2017

This work consider the problem of rectilinear arrangement which is about arranging given rectangular objects of different sizes in the frame of a given rectilinear polygon while considering dimension and position of each rectangle and adjacency relations among the rectangles.

The current work is part of a larger work aimed at automated generation of rectilinear arrangements while satisfying given dimensional and topological constraints. In this paper, we present a set of algorithms for obtaining a plus-shaped arrangement. In addition, we present some heuristic techniques for reducing the size of extra spaces present inside the obtained arrangement. At the end, we demonstrate architectural application of the presented work.

Highlights Problem is to arrange given sub-rectangles within a given predefined contour shape. Required arrangement must satisfies given adjacency and size constraints. An algorithm for generation of plus-shaped arrangements is presented. Architectural application of the work has been demonstrated.
Off-Label Use of Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitor Erectile Dysfunction Medication to Enhance Sex Among Gay and Bisexual Men in Australia: Results From the FLUX Study
Authors: Hammoud Mohamed A. , Jin Fengyi , Lea Toby , Maher Lisa , Grierson Jeffrey , Prestage Garrett
Published: June 2017

Background

Gay and bisexual men (GBM) use oral erectile dysfunction medications (EDMs) often with little evidence of medical indication necessitating their use.

Aim

To investigate the prevalence, contexts, and motivations for oral EDM use and its relation to sexual risk behavior.

Methods

A total of 2,250 Australian GBM completed an online survey of licit and illicit drug use and their associated behaviors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified factors associated with use of EDMs in the previous 6 months and, for those who had used EDMs, factors associated with use on a weekly basis.

Outcomes

Any EDM use and at least weekly use in the previous 6 months.

Results

The median age of the sample was 33.0 years (range = 16–81). Two thirds (67.7%) reported no lifetime history of EDM use. Approximately 1 in 10 participants (11.1%) had last used an EDM more than 6 months previously. In the previous 6 months, 11.5% reported using EDMs less than monthly, 5.3% reported using EDMs approximately monthly, and 4.5% reported using EDMs at least weekly. Of men who had used EDMs in the previous 6 months, common reasons cited for its use were to maintain an erection for longer (73.3%), to make it easier to “get hard” (67.3%), and difficulty in attaining or maintain an erection (53.5%). Use of EDMs in the previous 6 months was associated with illicit drug use and higher rates of sexual risk behavior. Weekly users were more likely to have severe anxiety than less frequent users.

Clinical Translation

The use of EDMs in the context of intensive sex partying, with the associated potential for increased risk of HIV transmission and illicit drug use, indicates a need to consider the use of EDMs among GBM in HIV prevention and minimizing harm.

Strengths and Limitations

This large-scale study of drug use among GBMs includes comprehensive detailed data on their history of use and rationales for use. Our online methodology potentially decreases social desirability bias in reporting illegal or stigmatized behaviors. This volunteer online convenience sample might not be representative of all GBMs in Australia.

Conclusion

GBMs who used an oral EDM in the previous 6 months often used it for recreational purposes, but many of those who used it on a weekly basis also might have used it for therapeutic reasons. GBMs often use EDMs to enhance their sexual experiences often in the context of intensive sex partying (which can include risky sexual behavior).
Exploring the Optimal Erectile Function Domain Score Cutoff That Defines Sexual Satisfaction After Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Terrier Jean E. , Mulhall John P. , Nelson Christian J.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) is the gold standard validated instrument for defining erectile function (EF) and its response to treatment. The EF domain (EFD) contains six questions and is a sensitive and specific measurement of treatment-related changes in EF. The EFD score has been widely used as a primary assessment end point for clinical trials of EF recovery after radical prostatectomy (RP). Various EFD scores have been used to define functional erections. Recently, an EFD score of at least 22 has been used as a threshold in major post-RP penile rehabilitation studies.

Aim

To define the EFD score that optimally defines “functional” erections after RP.

Methods

We assessed men 24 months after RP using the IIEF and specifically analyzed the scores of the EFD and intercourse satisfaction domain (ISD).

Main Outcome Measures

We used two questions on satisfaction (score = 0–5) and enjoyment (score = 0–5) from the ISD to classify IS (score = 0–10). We tested the following intercourse satisfaction classifications: ISD score equal to 10, ISD score of at least 8, and a score of at least 4 for the ISD questions on satisfaction and enjoyment. We used the classification that produced the largest area under the curve (AUC) using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Then, we used a three-step process to determine the optimal EFD score cutoff using sensitivity and specificity analysis.

Results

One hundred seventy-eight men had an average age at RP of 58 ± 7 years and a 24-month EFD score of 20 ± 9. Sixty-four percent had complete nerve-sparing surgery, 35% had partial nerve-sparing surgery, and 1% had the nerves fully resected. Thirty-three percent had laparoscopic RP and 67% had open RP. The ROC curves produced AUCs of 0.80 (ISD score = 10), 0.85 (ISD score ≥ 8), and 0.86 (ISD scores for satisfaction and enjoyment ≥ 4; P < .001 for all comparisons). Using the IS criterion of ISD scores for satisfaction and enjoyment of at least 4 (largest AUC), the sensitivity and specificity values were 0.89 and 0.66 for an ESD score equal to 22, 0.78 and 0.71 for a score equal to 23, 0.78 and 0.80 for a score equal to 24, 0.77 and 0.82 for a score equal to 25, and 0.73 and 0.85 for a score equal to 26. The scores of 24 and 25 met the criteria outlined in the first two steps of analysis. The score of 24 was selected as the cutoff using face valid judgment and the previous literature.

Conclusion

These data support an EFD score of 24 as a valid cutoff defining “functional” erection in men with erectile dysfunction after RP. These data are important for clinicians in counseling patients and to researchers to define inclusion criteria and treatment end points for trials of erectile dysfunction after RP.
Documenting fashion practice at the Royal College of Art: the RCA archive and image resources
Authors: Johns Cathy
Published: June 2017

What can an institutional archive tell us about the history of fashion education? The Royal College of Art's archive, in documenting the legacy of study and practice at the college, a key focal point of fashion education since 1948, illuminates in diverse ways the establishment and development of fashion design as an academic discipline. The print and digital collections in the RCA archive thus provide a rich resource that informs both contemporary practice and historical research, highlighting in addition issues raised by the increasingly digital access to this documentation for the archivist and the research community.
P.025 Magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric recurrent ophthalmoplegic cranial neuropathy
Authors: Alawadhi A , Saint-Martin C , Oskoui M
Published: June 2017

Background: Recurrent ophthalmoplegic cranial neuropathy (ROCN), previously called ophthalmoplegic migraine, is characterized by recurrent episodes of headache and ophthalmoplegia of unclear etiology. Characteristic neuroimaging findings can support the diagnosis. Methods: A case report and review of the literature. Results: We present a 6-year-old girl with a past history of migraine headaches associated with retroorbital pain since 4 years of age. Family history is positive for migraine. She presented with a half a day history of left eye ptosis, 10 days post a resolved gastroenteritis which was associated with headaches. Examination showed only a left eye ptosis, pupil-sparing with no exotropia or diplopia. There was no headache. The rest of the neurologic examination was normal. Investigations showed normal blood tests and lumbar puncture. MRI head showed on thin cuts asymmetric nodular thickening (4mm) of the origin of the cisternal segment of the left oculomotor nerve, with corresponding homogeneous enhancement post gadolinium infusion. Clinical resolution occurred spontaneously within 48 hours. A review of the literature highlights focal thickening and enhancement of the affected cranial nerve, with resolution of enhancement post-acute phase. Conclusions: Focal thickening and enhancement of affected cranial nerve is seen in the majority of pediatric ROCN. These findings are best seen with thin MRI cuts and gadolinium infusion.
P.028 Global surgery for pediatric hydrocephalus in the developing world: a review of the history, challenges, and future directions
Authors: Wang S , Muir RT , Warf BC
Published: June 2017

Background: Pediatric hydrocephalus is one of the most common neurosurgical conditions and is a major contributor to the global burden of surgically treatable diseases. Methods: The authors conducted a literature review around the topic of pediatric hydrocephalus in the context of global surgery, the unique challenges to creating access to care in low-income countries, and current international efforts to address the problem. Results: Developing countries face the greatest burden of pediatric hydrocephalus due to high birth rates and greater risk of neonatal infections. This burden is related to more general global health challenges, including malnutrition, infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal risk factors, and education gaps. Unique challenges pertaining to the treatment of hydrocephalus in the developing world include a preponderance of postinfectious hydrocephalus, limited resources, and restricted access to neurosurgical care. In the 21st century, several organizations have established programs that provide hydrocephalus treatment and neurosurgical training in Africa, Central and South America, Haiti, and Southeast Asia. These international efforts have employed various models to achieve the goals of providing safe, sustainable, and cost-effective treatment. Conclusions: Broader commitment from the pediatric neurosurgery community, increased funding, public education, surgeon training, and ongoing surgical innovation will be needed to meaningfully address the global burden of untreated hydrocephalus.
P.034 Focal cortical dysplasia type IIIb associated with oligodendroglioma in a seizure free patient: a case report
Authors: MacLean MA , Easton AS , Pickett GE
Published: June 2017

Background: Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) refers to malformation of cortical development featuring abnormalities of cortical layering, neuronal differentiation and maturation. It is a common cause of medically refractory epilepsy. The coexistence of FCD and low-grade glial neoplasms such as ganglioglioma and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour is classified by the International League Against Epilepsy as “FCD Type IIIb”. We present a case of FCD Type IIIb associated with low grade oligodendroglioma (WHO grade II) in a seizure free patient. Methods: A 20-year-old male presented with suspected arteriovenous malformation of the right pinna. Imaging revealed an incidental right frontal lobe mass. Surgical resection was performed. Pathologic analysis revealed FCD Type IIIb associated with low grade oligodendroglioma (WHO grade II). Results: The patient recovered uneventfully. Only 4 prior cases of FCD Type IIIb associated with oligodendroglioma have been reported. This is the first reported case of FCD Type IIIb discovered incidentally in a seizure free patient. Conclusions: FCD Type IIIb associated with oligodendroglioma is rare. The mechanism(s) by which glioneuronal neoplasms and perilesional cortical tissue jointly contribute to epileptogenicity have not been clearly defined. There may be a reduced risk of seizures with oligodendroglioma rather than tumors with a neuronal component.
P.035 Correlation of thalamic connectivity with the duration of epilepsy in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Santyr B , Lau JC , Mirsattari SM , Burneo JG , de Ribaupierre S , Steven DA , Parrent AG , MacDougall KW , Peters TM , Khan AR
Published: June 2017

Background: Morphometry and connectivity studies targeting the thalamus have revealed specific patterns of atrophy and deafferentiation in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). We used probabilistic tractography to investigate thalamic connectivity with respect to duration of epilepsy and surgical outcomes in TLE. Methods: Patients (N=20) with drug-resistant TLE (10 short duration (<15 years), 10 long duration (>15 years)) were scanned with multi-parametric 3T MRI and compared with 34 healthy controls. The Harvard-Oxford atlas was modified to create 14 target regions in the temporal lobes. Probabilistic tractography (FSL) was used to delineate thalamic sub-regions most connected to each target. The volume, mean T1, T2, FA and MD of each thalamic sub-region was quantified. Surgical success was quantified using Engel outcome scores. Results: Significant decreases in thalamic connected volumes to the hippocampus in patients with longer duration of TLE were revealed. Likewise, when stratified based on surgical success, significant differences in diffusion metrics to the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, and temporal neocortex were found. Significant differences did not withstand false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Conclusions: These findings suggest ongoing connectivity changes dependent on epilepsy duration and promote further investigation into the use of thalamic connectivity data as biomarkers for predicting surgical outcomes in TLE patients.
P.045 Case of cavernous malformation hemorrhage immediately following normal brain imaging
Authors: Ahmed S , Kelly ME , Peeling L
Published: June 2017

Background: Spontaneous hemorrhage from angiographically occult vascular malformations is not a rare occurrence. We present a case of in-hospital cavernous malformation rupture after initial normal CT. Methods: A 55-year-old female presented with severe headache with onset during activity, and normal neurological examination. Rapid neurological deterioration occurred 60 minutes following the CT scan. The patient was intubated, and repeat CT scan showed significant parafalcine ICH and intrahemispheric SAH. ICU transfer and expectant management led to neurological recovery and discharge to rehabilitation. Results: The patient underwent angiography on initial admission which was negative. A delayed MRI showed the presence of a cavernous malformation. This was followed conservatively with repeat imaging. The malformation remained stable. Conclusions: Our unique case highlights the sudden onset of hemorrhage occurring almost immediately following normal brain imaging. A cavernous malformation was discovered to be the cause, and was observed.
P.068 Real world experience with Fingolimod in Canada
Authors: Bhan V , Lapierre Y , Devonshire V , Emond F , Morrow SA , Burton JM , Oh J , Haddad P , Schecter R
Published: June 2017

Background: The Gilenya® Go ProgramTM offers education and support services, including coordination of first dose observation (FDO) and follow-up contact to reinforce monitoring recommendations and compliance in fingolimod-treated relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients. Methods: Data were analyzed for patients enrolled in the Canadian Gilenya® Go ProgramTM from March 2011 to January 2016. The retention to fingolimod therapy, reasons for treatment discontinuation and incidence of adverse events (AEs) during treatment are reported. Results: At data cut-off, 3956 patients had completed FDO; 3201 patients were being actively treated. Mean age at enrolment was 41.0 years; 74.9% patients were female. The overall fingolimod exposure was 7869 patient-years. Most recent previous therapies (n=3746) included interferons (43.3%) and glatiramer acetate (29.6%). Most common reasons for switching to fingolimod (n=3674) was lack of efficacy (31.8%). Retention to therapy at data cut-off was 81.3%. AEs (45.2%) were the most common reason (n=334) for treatment discontinuation and included low lymphocyte count/abnormal hematology values (13.8%), gastrointestinal disturbances (6.9%), and elevated liver enzyme levels (7.8%). Adherence to recommended ophthalmic examination was 92.4%. Conclusions: In real-world clinical practice in Canada, adherence to both fingolimod treatment and monitoring was high. The Gilenya® Go Program™ helps to meet the safety monitoring recommendations for fingolimod-treated RRMS patients.
P.069 Vaccination protocol for MS patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy: an important topic lacking consensus
Authors: Busby R , Attwell-Pope K
Published: June 2017

Background: As therapy for MS has expanded to include multiple immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive therapies, the need to consider patient vaccination status has emerged as a salient issue in the treatment of MS. Unfortunately, there is little research or consensus about how vaccination in these patients should be addressed. Methods: A search of primary literature on the topic of potential pathogens and available vaccinations in immunosuppressed patients was performed. We reviewed the limited available information in the MS, gastroenterology, and rheumatology literature. As well, the current Canadian immunization guide was referred to along with expert opinion from public health nurses and infectious disease specialists. Results: There is currently little consensus about vaccination protocols for patients initiating immunosuppressive therapy. We integrated information from all of our sources to create a preliminary protocol for the vaccination of MS patients prior to initiation of immunosuppressive therapy. Conclusions: More work needs to be done to create standardized vaccination protocols for MS patients who will be undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. We have created a preliminary protocol in conjunction with public health to standardize the vaccinations that MS patients receive. We hope that this will streamline immunization of patients immediately after diagnosis of MS so that initiation of immunosuppressive therapy will not be delayed in the future.
P.071 Multi-parametric MRI at 7 T enables differentiation of MS and age-related white matter lesions
Authors: Wing Marques dos Santos A , Hosseini Z , Drangova M , Rudko D , Matusinec J , Menon R , Kremenchutzky M
Published: June 2017

Background: MRI criteria are used to support multiple sclerosis diagnosis and evolution. However, normal age-related lesions (ARLs) can be cofounded with MS white matter lesion (MSL). Methods: Two Multiparametric 7T MRI scans 4 motnhs apart from 5 relapsing MS (RMS) patients were analyzed and compared to 5 matched healthy controls (HC) aiming to differentiate MSLs from ARLs. Six-echo GRE, FLAIR and MPRAGE sequences were acquired. Results: Average size of ARLs was 51 mm3 and of MSLs was 69 mm3 (p=0.27). Both have the same general appearance on FLAIR and MPRAGE contrasts, but different contrast on the R2* and QS maps. Inter-visit variation on MPRAGE was significantly higher in MSLs. Inter-visit signal change in the other contrasts (QSM, R2* and FLAIR) was not significant. Conclusions: R2*, QS maps and inter-visit variation using MPRAGE allowed differentiating MSLs from ARLs in 5 RMS with mean long term disease duration. This could improve correct early diagnosis and accurate lesion load accumulation evolution.
P.098 Evaluation and surgical management of pelvic peripheral nerve sheath tumors: the University of Toronto experience and review of literature
Authors: Wang S , Merali Z , Pirouzmand F
Published: June 2017

Background: Pelvic peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNST), which includes neurofibroma, schwannoma, and MPNST, are rare tumors located in the retroperitoneum. Methods: The case records of a prospectively maintained database at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center (SHSC) were reviewed to identify patients with pelvic PNST, managed between 2006 - 2016. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for patient demographics, presentation, tumor location, symptoms, imaging characteristics, management, and outcome. The surgical technical caveats were described. An English language literature review was performed to describe previously published experiences. Results: The series consisted of 7 patients, ranging from 22 - 74 years of age at presentation. These lesions tend to be large at the time of diagnosis, and presenting symptoms include abdominal, flank, or back pain, as well as leg edema or hydronephrosis from local compression. Most patients in this cohort were managed surgically with midline abdominal transperitoneal exposures. Lastly, 5 tumors were benign schwannomas managed with gross total resection or debulking, while 2 patients had MPNSTs managed with biopsy followed by adjuvant chemoradiation therapy. Conclusions: In this case series, we describe the characteristics, evaluation, and management of 7 patients with pelvic PNST at a major healthcare institution in Toronto, Canada, highlighting the technical aspects of managing this rare and challenging entity.
P.103 Studying behaviors among neurosurgery residents using web 2.0 analytic tools
Authors: Davidson BA , Alotaibi NM , Guha D , Kulkarni AV , Lozano AM
Published: June 2017

Background: Web 2.0 technologies (e.g. blogs, social networks, and wikis) are increasingly being utilized by medical schools and postgraduate training programs as tools for information dissemination. These technologies offer the unique opportunity to track metrics of user engagement and interaction. Here, we employ Web 2.0 technologies to assess academic behaviors among neurosurgery residents. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all educational lectures, part of the core Neurosurgery Residency curriculum at the University of Toronto, posted on our teaching blog (www.TheBrainSchool.net) from Sept 2013 - Nov 2016. We looked for associations with lecturer’s academic position, timing of examinations, and lecture/subspecialty topic. Results: The overall number of clicks on 123 lectures was 1079. Most of these clicks were occurring during the in-training exam month (43%). Click numbers were significantly higher on lectures presented by faculty (mean 18.6, SD ± 4.1) compared to residents-delivered lectures (mean 8.4, SD ± 2.1) (P= 0.031). Functional neurosurgery lectures were the most downloaded (47%), followed by pediatric neurosurgery (22%). Conclusions: The current study demonstrates the value of Web 2.0 analytic tools in examining residents study behavior. Residents tend to ‘cram’ downloading lectures in the same month of training exams and display a preference for faculty-delivered lectures.
GP.02 Resting state functional connectivity: a biomarker for pre-operative cognitive function and cognitive outcome following surgery in patients with diffuse glioma
Authors: Lang S , Gaxiola-Valdez I , Partlo L , Goodyear B , Kelly J , Federico P
Published: June 2017

Background: Resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) in the fronto-parietal network (FPN) has been associated with cognitive ability. For this reason, it was hypothesized that RSFC connectivity of the FPN would be related to cognition in patients with diffuse glioma. To assess this relationship, pre-operative cognitive status was correlated to patient specific connectivity within the FPN. Further, we assessed whether RSFC could predict neuropsychological outcome following surgery Methods: Sixteen patients with diffuse glioma underwent neuropsychological assessment and pre-operative task and resting state fMRI. Thirteen had post-operative cognitive assessment at one-month post-surgery. RSFC in a subject-specific FPN was correlated with pre- and post-operative cognitive scores. Results: Higher connectivity within the FPN was associated with lower composite cognitive scores, while higher connectivity of the parietal node of the tumor-affected hemisphere was associated with lower fluid cognition but not crystallized cognition. Higher connectivity values between the parietal node of the healthy hemisphere and the rest of the FPN was associated with better neuropsychological outcome one month after surgery. Conclusions: RSFC between key nodes of the FPN is associated with cognitive performance in patients with diffuse glioma and is a promising biomarker for cognitive outcome following surgery.
A.04 Functional investigations of CIC and ATXN1L in Oligodendroglioma
Authors: Wong D , LeBlanc V , Chittaranjan S , Chan S , Song J , Lee M , Marra M , Yip S
Published: June 2017

Background: Oligodendroglioma (ODG), a molecularly defined subtype of glioma, is a treatment responsive, slow growing tumour strongly associated with IDH mutation and 1p19q co-deletion. Mutations in Capicua (CIC), located on chromosome 19q, have been found in up to 70% of IDH mutated, 1p19q co-deleted ODGs; suggesting that loss or altered function of CIC may be crucially associated with ODG’s unique biology. CIC and ATXN1L have previously been implicated in neurodegeneration, however, this interaction has not been studied in cancer. Methods: Transcriptome profiling of CIC knockout HEK293 cell lines generated using CRISPR was performed using microarray. CIC and ATXN1L interaction was confirmed using immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. Transcript and protein changes of CIC targets were tested using RT-qPCR and Western blot following ATXN1L siRNA knockdown. Results: Transcriptomic profiling of CIC knockout cell lines resulted in a list of candidate CIC target genes validated against clinical samples. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence confirmed CIC and ATXN1L interaction. Derepression of candidate CIC targets at transcript and protein levels was seen upon siRNA knockdown of ATXN1L. Conclusions: The interaction between CIC and ATXN1L is necessary for the repression of CIC target genes, including known oncogenes. Further research into the relationship between CIC and ATXN1L may lead potentially novel avenues of therapeutic approaches for less favorable gliomas.
B.06 The “Worried Well”?: characteristics of cognitively normal patients presenting to a rural and remote memory clinic
Authors: Verity R , Kirk A , Karunanayake C , Morgan D
Published: June 2017

Background: In an effort to better understand why cognitively normal patients are referred to a memory clinic, we sought to identify features of “worried well” patients to better identify those more likely to be cognitively normal. Methods: Three hundred and seventy-five consecutive patients referred by primary care practitioners to a Rural and Remote Memory Clinic, were categorized into two groups based on their neurologic diagnosis, “worried well” (cognitively normal, N=81) or “other” (patients with any neurologic diagnosis, N=294). The two groups were compared using a t-test and a Chi-squared test. The same comparison was done between the same set of “worried well” patients (N=81) and the subgroup of patients with a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (N=146) from the “other” group. Ethics approval was obtained from the University of Saskatchewan Biomedical Research Ethics Board. Results: Significant differences included younger age, more formal education, more frequent previous psychiatric diagnosis and more self-reported alcohol consumption in the “worried well” group. The “worried well” and “Alzheimer’s Disease” comparison had the same significant differences as the “worried well” and “other” comparison. Conclusions: We observed a pattern of differences between the “worried well” patients and those with cognitive disease. Taking multiple factors into account when evaluating a patient may help with clinical decision making.
C.04 Dynamic MRI in the evaluation of the craniocervical junction of pediatric down syndrome patients
Authors: Tu A , Melamed E , Krieger M
Published: June 2017

Background: Down syndrome is the most common inherited disorder. Some patients develop craniocervical instability. Existing screening guidelines were developed prior to direct imaging of the neuraxis. We present parameters for potential instability using dynamic MRI of the craniocervical junction. Methods: A retrospective review from 2001 – 2015 was carried out. Patients were symptomatic if they had myelopathy or signal changes at the craniocervical junction. Radiographic measurements were taken. Data analysis was performed with SPSS. Results: 36 patients were included. Symptomatic patients had smaller CCD (9.4 mm vs 13.8 mm; p=0.003) and greater ADI (4.4mm vs 3.0 mm; p=0.01) on resting MRI . During dynamic imaging, symptomatic patients had greater changes in CCD (5.2 vs 2.7 mm; p <0.001) and ADI (2.8 vs 1.3 mm; p=0.04). These patients were also more likely to have a bony anomaly (0.5 vs 0.13; p=0.03). Conclusions: This study identifies parameters that can be used to distinguish unstable patients. A CCD of less than 5 mm or ADI greater than 4.4 mm on static MRI; change greater than 3 mm in ADI or 5mm on CCD during dynamic MRI; or any bony abnormality warrants further investigation. Asymptomatic patients should be followed although most do not progress.
P.004 Diagnostic evaluation of cerebral fat embolism: single center retrospective review
Authors: Peters S , Singh T , Tirschwell D , Khot S
Published: June 2017

Background: Cerebral Fat Embolism (CFE) is a rare though potentially devastating complication of orthopedic injury which can present with neurologic deterioration. Although specific findings have been described, definitive diagnosis of CFE remains challenging. Methods: Retrospective chart review from a major U.S. trauma hospital. Results: Of 33 patients with CFE, all had long bone fractures, 15 had rib fractures, and 16 occurred following orthopedic surgery for long bone fracture. Cutaneous petechiae were documented in 21%. Diagnostic brain MRI was performed in 26 patients. MRI revealed diffusion-restricting lesions in 24 (92%), with 17 (65%) demonstrating the classic “starfield” pattern, and 14 (54%) with hypointense signal on blood sensitive sequences. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) revealed active microemboli in 9 of 17 (53%) cases. Ophthalmologic consultation occurred in 13 with 9 patients found to have retinal hemorrhage or cotton wool spots suggestive of Purtscher or Purtscher-like retinopathy. “Starfield” pattern on MRI was seen in all 9 patients with retinal findings. TCD microemboli were not associated with retinal findings. Conclusions: The optimal diagnostic workup of CFE is complicated by confounding conditions, the unknown sensitivity of diagnostic modalities, and the unclear implications of findings on treatment and outcome. Nonetheless, brain MRI, TCD and ophthalmologic evaluation should be considered in all suspected CFE patients.
P.006 Engineering neurosurgery: role of inter-disciplinary collaboration in development of a remote controlled stereotactic system
Authors: Abuaysha MN , Naeem AH
Published: June 2017

Background: Well-crafted engineering solutions have overcome technical challenges faced by surgeons. We present a collaborative effort to develop an innovative solution aimed at saving time and subsequently operating room costs in procedures utilizing a traditional stereotactic system. Methods: We met with our University’s local engineering team to collaborate a solution over a much-appreciated intra-operative technology gap with respect to mechanical adjustment of a stereotactic frame’s co-ordinates. AUTO-CAD software simulated our design, which was materialized with a 3D printer using PLA (polyactic acid). Results: We present a novel stereotactic system where co-ordinates can be digitally entered remotely to localize a point in 3D space. As such, this automated stereotactic frame decreases operative time when compared to manually adjusting a traditional stereotactic system such as the Leksell system. In addition our remote controlled stereotactic system helps minimize human-factor risks and allows one the option to modify stereotactic system co-ordinates from a non-sterile field. Conclusions: Marriage between Engineering and Neurosurgery can improve clinical outcomes for patients suffering from neurological diseases. We provide a grass roots organization’s attempt at overcoming an operative need by designing a remote controlled stereotactic system.
Development of an efficient vector system for gene knock-out and near in-cis gene complementation in the sugarcane smut fungus
Authors: Lu Shan , Shen Xiaorui , Chen Baoshan
Published: June 2017

Sporisorium scitamineum is the causative agent responsible for smut disease of sugarcane worldwide. However, lack of efficient gene manipulation system makes this fungus much behind the type model of the smut fungi in molecular biology. Here, we report the development of a CRISPR/Cas9 and T-DNA based dual vector system that allowed efficient knock-out or knock-in of a gene of interest in the S. scitamineum in a site-specific manner. By using Mfa2, a key player in the mating event in S. scitamineum as a tester gene, site-specific insertions of the introduced fragments were achieved both for Mfa2 knockout and complementation. Of particular advantage of this system is the simplicity of selection and identification for the desired transformants by using drug resistance coupled with PCR. This system greatly facilitates the gene function study in S. scitamineum, and could potentially be used for other basidiomycete fungi.
Transcriptome sequencing of Tessaratoma papillosa antennae to identify and analyze expression patterns of putative olfaction genes
Authors: Wu Zhong-Zhen , Qu Meng-Qiu , Pu Xin-Hua , Cui Yang , Xiao Wan-Yu , Zhao Hong-Xia , Bin Shu-Ying , Lin Jin-Tian
Published: June 2017

Studies on insect olfaction have increased our understanding of insect’s chemosensory system and chemical ecology, and have improved pest control strategies based on insect behavior. In this study, we assembled the antennal transcriptomes of the lychee giant stink bug, Tessaratoma papillosa, by using next generation sequencing to identify the major olfaction gene families in this species. In total, 59 odorant receptors, 14 ionotropic receptors (8 antennal IRs), and 33 odorant binding proteins (28 classic OBPs and 5 plus-C OBPs) were identified from the male and female antennal transcriptomes. Analyses of tissue expression profiles revealed that all 59 OR transcripts, 2 of the 8 antennal IRs, and 6 of the 33 OBPs were primarily expressed in the antennae, suggesting their putative role in olfaction. The sex-biased expression patterns of these antenna-predominant genes suggested that they may have important functions in the reproductive behavior of these insects. This is the first report that provides a comprehensive resource to future studies on olfaction in the lychee giant stink bug.
Design and deposition of a metal-like and admittance-matching metamaterial as an ultra-thin perfect absorber
Authors: Jen Yi-Jun , Liu Wei-Chih , Chen Tso-Kuei , Lin Shan-wen , Jhang Yi-Ciang
Published: June 2017

A stratiform metamaterial, comprising metal and dielectric thin films, exhibits both near-perfect antireflection and strong light extinction to function as a perfect and ultra-thin light absorber. The equivalent admittance and extinction coefficient of the metamaterial are tailored using a visual method that is based on an admittance diagram. A five-layered metamaterial was designed and deposited with a total thickness of 260 nm on a mirror to exhibit strong and wide angle absorption over wavelengths from 400 nm to 2000 nm. A seven-layered metamaterial with a total thickness of less than 200 nm was designed and deposited to have equivalent admittance around unity and an extinction coefficient that is comparable to that of metal. Such a metal-like metamaterial exhibits low reflectivity so couples most visible light energy into the films and dissipates energy with an equivalent skin depth of less than 55 nm over visible wavelengths.
Association of maternal and fetal LEPR common variants with maternal glycemic traits during pregnancy
Authors: Lin Rong , Ju Hongfang , Yuan Ziyu , Zeng Liangliang , Sun Yuantian , Su Zhenyu , Yang Yajun , Wang Yi , Jin Li
Published: June 2017

Recent studies suggested that maternal and placental leptin receptor (LEPR) may be involved in maternal glucose metabolism in pregnancy. To identify maternal and fetal LEPR common variants influencing gestational glycemic traits, we performed association study of 24-28-week maternal fasting glucose, glucose 1 hour after the consumption of a 50-g oral glucose load, fasting insulin and indices of beta-cell function (HOMA-β) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in 1,112 unrelated women and their children. Follow-up of 36 LEPR loci identified 3 maternal loci (rs10889567, rs1137101 and rs3762274) associated with fasting glucose, these 3 fetal loci associated with fasting insulin and HOMA1-IR, as well as these 3 maternal-fetal loci combinations associated with HOMA2-β. We also demonstrated association of maternal locus rs7554485 with HOMA2-β and HOMA2-IR, maternal locus rs10749754 with fasting glucose, fetal locus rs10749754 with HOMA2-IR. However, these associations were no longer statistically significant after Bonferroni correction. In conclusion, our results first revealed multiple associations between maternal and fetal LEPR common variants and gestational glycemic traits. These associations did not survive Bonferroni correction. These corrections are overly conservative for association studies. We therefore believe the influence of these nominally significant variants on gestational glycometabolism will be confirmed by additional studies.
Compact and single‐feed circularly polarised microstrip antenna with wide beamwidth and axial‐ratio beamwidth
Authors: He Shouyin , Deng Jiahao
Published: June 2017

A novel method to realise a single‐feed circularly polarised (CP) microstrip antenna with wide beamwidth and axial‐ratio (AR) beamwidth is investigated. Two diagonal metal walls are put at the diagonal sides of the microstrip antenna. The diagonal metal walls can excite the orthogonal radiation fields with the same amplitude and 90° phase difference on the radiating patch for CP with wide beamwidth and AR beamwidth. Some parameters which effect on the performances of the antenna are studied. The simulated and measured results of the reflection coefficients, radiation patterns and AR radiation patterns are presented. The 3‐dB beamwidths of the right‐hand CP (RHCP) radiation patterns in the xoz‐plane and the yoz‐plane are 105° and 157°, respectively. The 3‐dB AR beamwidths of the RHCP radiation patterns in the xoz‐plane and yoz‐plane are 100° and 155°, respectively. Good CP characteristics of the new structure antenna have been obtained in the whole operating frequency band.
Low‐frequency synthetic aperture radar data‐dome collection with the Bright Sapphire II instrument
Authors: Doody S.G. , Hughes N. , Ramio‐Tomas L. , Mak E. , Muff D.G. , Nottingham M.R.
Published: June 2017

The ability to use low‐frequency microwave sensing techniques to see through optically opaque objects is of great interest. One potential solution to the problem of seeing inside buildings and facilities is the use of low‐frequency synthetic aperture radar. This provides the advantage of remote sensing and greater coverage than existing through‐wall observation techniques. The Bright Sapphire II instrument is a low‐frequency wideband quad polar synthetic aperture radar and offers such measurement capability. The first results of airborne trials are presented.