bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Usuarios activos y frecuentes del Portal de Periódicos de la CAPES de la Universidade Federal do Maranhão
Authors: Mendes Suênia Oliveira , Ziviani Fabricio
Published: April 2015

La investigación tuvo como propósito identificar el perfil de los usuarios asiduos del Portal de Periódicos de la Capes en la Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA). Se trató de un análisis descriptivo con abordaje cuantitativo basado en el estudio de caso. Participaron de la investigación 44 usuarios asiduos del Portal de Periódicos de la Capes de la UFMA. Los resultados mostraron un elevado acceso de los docentes y alumnos de postgrado stricto sensu de las áreas de Salud, Biología y de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnológicas. Las mayores dificultades identificadas en el uso del portal se referian a la identificación del texto completo, los recursos ofrecidos y el acceso remoto. Se concluye que la planificación del Portal de Periódicos de la Capes debe enfocarse en atender las demandas y necesidades de investigación de los usuarios, para así asegurar el éxito de sus servicios informacionales.
Gestão e segurança da informação eletrônica: Exigências para uma gestão documental eficaz no Brasil
Authors: Zanon Sandra Buth
Published: April 2015

A gestão e segurança da informação, principal ativo das organizações, são questões imperativas na Era da Informação e do Conhecimento. A partir da prática na área de gestão documental e informacional em órgãos públicos do Brasil, observou-se a ausência de um modelo de gestão da informação eletrônica adequado às necessidades das organizações bem como de uma política de segurança da informação. Assim, apresenta-se uma reflexão sobre a necessidade premente de gestão das informações eletrônicas, visando a eficácia da gestão documental, e a importância da adoção de uma política de segurança da informação para assegurar sua integridade, confidencialidade, autenticidade, disponibilidade, não-repúdio e preservação a longo prazo.
Relacionando la legislación sobre acceso a la Información de los países del MERCOSUR
Authors: Silva Terezinha Elizabeth da , Eirão Thiago Gomes , Cavalcante Raphael da Silva
Published: April 2015

Esta investigación tuvo como corpus las Leyes de Acceso a la Información de los países miembros del MERCOSUR, proponiendo verificar la existencia de la relación entre las Leyes descritas. Basándose en el texto de la Ley de Acceso a la Información, (Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú y Uruguay), de los proyectos de ley (Paraguay y Bolivia) y de la Constitución (Venezuela), se estudiaron a partir de tres puntos de vista: transparencia activa, transparencia pasiva y sigilo. Este punto de partida permite identificar signos de una agenda común acerca del tema entre los países que pertenecen al bloque. Los resultados indican semejanzas entre las Leyes, siendo que en los tres aspectos estudiados se encuentran resonancia en mayor o menor grado.
Conducting Prison Research in a Foreign Setting
Authors: Kazemian Lila
Published: April 2015

This paper discusses the process of conducting prison research in France. Drawing on a study conducted with a sample of prisoners in a maximum-security facility in Paris, this article outlines the major challenges relating to access, data collection, and dissemination of results in correctional research. It also addresses some of the barriers that are inherent to prison research conducted in a setting foreign to the researcher. The value and place of prison research in the field of criminology are also discussed.
Reach and Relevance of Prison Research
Authors: Tubex Hilde
Published: April 2015

In this contribution I reflect on the changes in the penal landscape and how they impact on prison research. I do this from my experiences as a prison researcher in a variety of roles, in both Europe and Australia. The growing dominance of managerialism has impacted on both corrective services and universities, in ways that have changed the relationship between current prison practices and academically oriented research. Therefore, academics have to question how their contemporary prison research can bridge the emerging gap: how they can not only produce research that adheres to the roots of criminology and provides a base for a rational penal policy, but also how they can develop strategies to get recognition of and funding for this broader contextual work which, although it might not produce results that are immediately identifiable, can be of relevance in indirect ways and in the longer term.
Inside the Belly of the Penal Beast: Understanding the Experience of Imprisonment
Authors: Crewe Ben
Published: April 2015

One of the striking characteristics of much ‘big picture’ penal scholarship is that it stops at the gates of the prison, or breaches its surface somewhat barely or briefly. This article proposes that such work could be advanced and made more compelling if its insights were married with – and modified through – those provided by empirical and ethnographic analyses of the practice and experience of penal power. It then sets out a framework which would enable this form of engagement and analysis, first providing an account of the development of the main components of the framework, before elaborating in more detail how its constituent parts – depth, weight, tightness, and breadth – might be conceptualised. It concludes by offering some reflections on the practical implications of this agenda for prison researchers.
The Craft of Doing Qualitative Research in Prisons
Authors: Beyens Kristel , Kennes Philippe , Snacken Sonja , Tournel Hanne
Published: April 2015

In this article we examine the characteristics, challenges and added value of qualitative prison research in a Belgian context. As the many dynamics and challenges of qualitative research are often underreported in academic publications, we pay particular attention to the research processes and the pains and gains of qualitative prison research. Firstly, drawing on experiences from several prison studies, we describe the different steps of gaining access to the field as a constant process of negotiation. Secondly, we discuss some of the dilemmas of prison research based on two ethnographic studies of prison staff. We end with discussion of the value added by a qualitative research approach to facilitate understanding of what is at stake in prisons and how this fits with a critical research position.
Introduction: Challenges of Contemporary Prison Research
Authors: Tubex Hilde , Eriksson Anna
Published: April 2015

The main driver for this special issue was a profound concern about prison research and its future. The development of penal policy these days seems to be driven by levers such as increasing ‘law and order’ discourse which claims that the use of imprisonment is legitimate and that ‘prison works’; neo-liberal punitiveness in the implementation of imprisonment; and a managerial focus on ‘what works’ in prisons. This situation carries the risks that statutory agencies and academic researchers are drifting apart, which might jeopardise both the future of prison research and the evidence base of penal policy.The focus of this special issue is not on the ‘findings’ of prison research but, more importantly, on ‘how’ we do it and ‘why’ we do it certain ways, including the many legitimate concerns around access, choice of method, managing field work and communicating results, as well as ethical dilemmas that arise in all of these situations. We provide space for this very important discussion, reflecting not only the practical challenges of researching a total institution but also the politics which permeates every stage of such research. We invite you, the reader, to join us in this conversation.Download the PDF file from this page to find out more about this special edition.
DINÂMICA DA VEGETAÇÃO EM UM FRAGMENTO DE MATA ATLÂNTICA NO NORDESTE DO BRASIL
Authors: Rabelo Felipe Rodrigo de Carvalho , Rodal Maria Jesus Nogueira , Lins e Silva Ana Carolina Borges , Lima André Luiz Alves de
Published: April 2015

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509817442Para testar a hipótese que a fisionomia, estrutura e dinâmica de espécies lenhosas são influenciadas pelogradiente espacial borda-interior, foram coletados dados desses parâmetros em 2004, 2007 e 2010 em umfragmento de Floresta Atlântica. Foram amostradas para o Dossel (DS), plantas com circunferência docaule a altura do peito (CAP) > 15 cm e do sub-bosque (SB) com circunferência ao nível do solo entre >3 cm e CAP < 15 cm em um gradiente borda-interior formado há 35 anos. Em 2004, foram avaliadas trêsposições no fragmento: borda, intermediária e interior (> 150 m do limite florestal), sendo analisados 1000m² por local, divididos em parcelas de 10 m², para medir os indivíduos de maior classe. Em cada parcelafoi instalada uma subparcela de 5 m² para amostragem do sub-bosque. Foram recolhidos ramos de trêsindivíduos adultos das espécies, para obtenção da densidade da madeira. O número de indivíduos (NI), áreabasal (AB), taxa de mortalidade (TM), taxa de recrutamento (TR), incremento periódico anual em diâmetro(IPA), taxa de perda (P) e ganho (G) de área basal e as taxas de rotatividade em número de indivíduos (TN)e em área basal (TA) da classe do componente arbóreo nos três locais evidenciaram não haver efeito deborda significativo. Na borda, o sub-bosque teve menores valores de NI e AB e maiores TM, que no interiordo fragmento. Diferenças entre os estratos acontecem, independentemente do selamento da borda, já queplantas jovens na maior classe amostral apresentam indivíduos no SB, que são mais sensíveis que as árvoresadultas às mudanças causadas pela criação da borda. Taxas de perda e ganho de AB e de rotatividade em NI eAB, no SB, apresentaram valores maiores que no DS, o que aponta para um estrato com maiores mudanças.No DS não ocorreram diferenças de riqueza de espécies entre os ambientes, distinto do observado no SB.A composição florística no DS nos ambientes mais próximos ao limite florestal foi bastante distinta que ado interior, indicando que ainda não houve recuperação da composição florística. Todos os ambientes doSB tiveram baixa similaridade. As bordas do DS e SB apresentaram maior concentração de indivíduos emintervalos de classe de menores valores de densidade de madeira. O DS já recuperou a biomassa, embora osambientes de borda e intermediário não tenham recuperado a composição de espécies tardias. O SB aindasofre efeito de borda. Possivelmente, a maior concentração de indivíduos em classe de menor densidade damadeira sendo resultado na borda.
POLPA CELULÓSICA DE BAMBU PRODUZIDA PELO PROCESSO ETANOL/ÁGUA PARA APLICAÇÕES DE REFORÇO
Authors: Correia Viviane Da Costa , Curvelo Antonio Aprigio da Silva , Marabezi Karen , Almeida Alessandra Etuko Feuzicana De Souza , Savastano Junior Holmer
Published: April 2015

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509817470Organosolv pulping is the clean chemical process of using organic solvents to aid in the removal of lignin and hemicellulose from lignocellulosic raw materials. This method provides facility for solvent recovery at the end of the process. In this work, it was to produce bamboo cellulosic pulp by the organosolv process evaluating different temperatures and reaction times, and the pulps were analyzed aiming their future application in the reinforcement of composites. The production of bamboo pulp by the organosolv process was studied varying the cooking conditions at 1, 2 and 3 h and 150, 170 and 190oC of temperature, in order to achieve the ideal conditions of yield, chemical and morphological characteristics of the pulp for its potential application in the reinforcement of composites. The best results for delignification (kappa number of 38), with relatively lower fiber degradation (viscosity of 625 cm3 g-1), aspect ratio of 40.4 and the index zero-span of 204 Nm g-1, were achieved for the pulping process at 190oC for 2 h. These pulping conditions can be considered as the more appropriate in the range of time intervals evaluated in this work. The higher mechanical strength and the lower incidence of morphological defects in the fiber (6.0% of curls and 10.6% of kinks) can demonstrate the potential of organosolv bamboo pulp as a reinforcing element.
AVALIAÇÃO DA SUPERFÍCIE DA MADEIRA DE Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden TRATADA TERMICAMENTE
Authors: Palermo Gilmara Pires De Moura , Latorraca João Vicente De Figueiredo , Carvalho Alexandre Monteiro de , Garcia Rosilei Aparecida
Published: April 2015

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509817472O objetivo deste estudo foi estudar a qualidade da superfície usinada da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis, submetida ao processo de tratamento térmico. As operações de usinagens realizadas nas tábuas obtidas a partir do processamento de mecânico de seis árvores foram: desempeno, desengrosso, rasgo na furadeira horizontal, furação, furação para dobradiça e lixamento. Foram selecionadas 208 tábuas de 125 x 25 x 500 mm, sendo 104 não tratadas e 104 tratadas termicamente a uma temperatura final de 190ºC. A avaliação da superfície foi feita de acordo com a norma ASTM D-1666/87. O resultado mostrou que a madeira de Eucalyptus grandis apresenta um bom comportamento durante os testes de usinagem, obtendo notas 1 e 2 (excelente e bom), exceto para os testes de furação para a dobradiça no furo passante e furação com broca de 12, 8 e 6 mm, pois alcançaram notas entre 2 e 4 (bom, regular e ruim). O tratamento térmico diminuiu a quantidade de defeitos nas amostras usinadas, com exceção para o defeito grã arrancada, em algumas operações de usinagem.
CRESCIMENTO E QUALIDADE DE MUDAS DE VINHÁTICO (Platymenia foliolosa Benth.) EM RESPOSTA À ADUBAÇÃO COM POTÁSSIO E ENXOFRE
Authors: Duarte Marcie Lelis , Paiva Haroldo Nogueira de , Alves Marcela Oliveira , Freitas Alex Ferreira de , Maia Fábio Fernandes , Goulart Lívia Mara Lima
Published: April 2015

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509817480O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de doses de potássio e enxofre sobre o crescimento e a qualidade de mudas de Platymenia foliolosa Benth. (vinhático), determinando a melhor dose desses nutrientes. Foi conduzido um experimento utilizando-se vasos de polietileno rígido com 1,5 dm³ de capacidade e como substrato um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo. Utilizou-se como tratamentos sete doses de potássio (0; 50; 100; 150; 200; 250 e 300 mg/dm³) combinadas com cinco doses de enxofre (0, 20, 40, 60 e 80 mg/dm³), as quais foram parceladas em quatro aplicações: 0, 30, 60 e 90 dias após o primeiro desbaste. Após 150 dias da semeadura foram colhidos dados de altura, diâmetro do coleto, matéria seca da parte aérea e de raiz, além das relações altura/diâmetro do coleto, altura/massa seca parte aérea, massa seca parte aérea/massa seca de raiz e o índice de qualidade de Dickson (IQD). A adição de doses crescentes de potássio ao substrato apresentou resposta significativa (quadrática) para todas as variáveis avaliadas, exceto para a relação altura da parte aérea/diâmetro de coleto, já as doses de enxofre não apresentaram resposta significativa para nenhuma das características avaliadas nesse experimento, sendo observada interação entre K e S para altura da parte aérea, nas mudas de vinhático aos 150 dias após a semeadura. Diante dos resultados obtidos recomenda-se para produção de mudas de vinhático (Platymenia foliolosa) a aplicação de 175 mg/dm³ de K e 45 mg/dm³ de S parceladas equitativamente em quatro aplicações aos 0, 30, 60 e 90 dias após o primeiro desbaste.
COMPACTAÇÃO CAUSADA PELO TRÁFEGO DE FELLER BUNCHER E SKIDDER EM UM NEOSSOLO REGOLÍTICO SOB DISTINTAS UMIDADES
Authors: Sampietro Jean Alberto , Lopes Eduardo da Silva , Reichert José Miguel
Published: April 2015

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509817482Esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar a influência da umidade na compactação de um Neossolo Regolítico submetido ao tráfego de máquinas de colheita florestal e desenvolver modelos para estimativa da compactação. O trabalho foi conduzido em áreas de uma empresa florestal localizada no Estado de Santa Catarina. A amostragem foi realizada em diversas condições de umidade do solo, contemplando três classes: Ug1 (Ug < 0,30 kg kg-1); Ug2 (0,30 ≤ Ug < 0,40 kg kg-1) e Ug3 (Ug ≥ 0,40 kg kg-1). Determinou-se a densidade do solo (Ds), a porosidade total (Pt) e de aeração (PA) e a resistência à penetração (RP), nas condições sem tráfego (ST) e após tráfego (AT) de um Feller buncher (CAT 522) e um Skidder (CAT 545) utilizados na colheita da madeira de povoamentos de Pinus taeda. Foram ajustadas equações de regressão múltipla para estimar a RP, por meio de modelos aritméticos e logarítmicos com variáveis puras e mistas. Os resultados indicaram que em condição de umidade superior a 0,40 kg kg-1 (Ug3), o tráfego promoveu aumento da Ds e RP da ordem de 10 e 24% e redução da Pt e da PA, da ordem de 12 e 43%, respectivamente. Em baixa umidade (Ug < 0,30 kg kg-1), o aumento da Ds e RP foi da ordem de 3 e 13%, respectivamente, e redução da PA da ordem de 8% e sem efeito na Pt. O modelo por stepwise logarítmico com variáveis mistas (MSLM) (Ln RP = –1,11 + 0,64Ds-2 + 0,14Ug-1) apresenta os melhores resultados para estimativa da resistência do solo à penetração, mas deve haver cautela no seu emprego, devido à possibilidade de influência de outros fatores na estimativa e determinação da RP.
Does the MCAT Predict Medical School and PGY-1 Performance?
Authors: Saguil Aaron , Dong Ting , Gingerich Robert J. , Swygert Kimberly , LaRochelle Jeffrey S. , Artino Anthony R. , Cruess David F. , Durning Steven J.
Published: April 2015

Background: The Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT) is a high-stakes test required for entry to most U.S. medical schools; admissions committees use this test to predict future accomplishment. Although there is evidence that the MCAT predicts success on multiple choice–based assessments, there is little information on whether the MCAT predicts clinical-based assessments of undergraduate and graduate medical education performance. This study looked at associations between the MCAT and medical school grade point average (GPA), Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) scores, observed patient care encounters, and residency performance assessments. Methods: This study used data collected as part of the Long-Term Career Outcome Study to determine associations between MCAT scores, USMLE Step 1, Step 2 clinical knowledge and clinical skill, and Step 3 scores, Objective Structured Clinical Examination performance, medical school GPA, and PGY-1 program director (PD) assessment of physician performance for students graduating 2010 and 2011. Results: MCAT data were available for all students, and the PGY PD evaluation response rate was 86.2% (N = 340). All permutations of MCAT scores (first, last, highest, average) were weakly associated with GPA, Step 2 clinical knowledge scores, and Step 3 scores. MCAT scores were weakly to moderately associated with Step 1 scores. MCAT scores were not significantly associated with Step 2 clinical skills Integrated Clinical Encounter and Communication and Interpersonal Skills subscores, Objective Structured Clinical Examination performance or PGY-1 PD evaluations. Discussion: MCAT scores were weakly to moderately associated with assessments that rely on multiple choice testing. The association is somewhat stronger for assessments occurring earlier in medical school, such as USMLE Step 1. The MCAT was not able to predict assessments relying on direct clinical observation, nor was it able to predict PD assessment of PGY-1 performance.
Dual Process Theory and Intermediate Effect: Are Faculty and Residents' Performance on Multiple-Choice, Licensing Exam Questions Different?
Authors: Dong Ting , Durning Steven J. , Artino Anthony R. , van der Vleuten Cees , Holmboe Eric , Lipner Rebecca , Schuwirth Lambert
Published: April 2015

Background: Clinical reasoning is essential for the practice of medicine. Dual process theory conceptualizes reasoning as falling into two general categories: nonanalytic reasoning (pattern recognition) and analytic reasoning (active comparing and contrasting of alternatives). The debate continues regarding how expert performance develops and how individuals make the best use of analytic and nonanalytic processes. Several investigators have identified the unexpected finding that intermediates tend to perform better on licensing examination items than experts, which has been termed the “intermediate effect.” Purpose: We explored differences between faculty and residents on multiple-choice questions (MCQs) using dual process measures (both reading and answering times) to inform this ongoing debate. Method: Faculty (board-certified internists; experts) and residents (internal medicine interns; intermediates) answered live licensing examination MCQs (U.S. Medical Licensing Examination Step 2 Clinical Knowledge and American Board of Internal Medicine Certifying Examination) while being timed. We conducted repeated analysis of variance to compare the 2 groups on average reading time, answering time, and accuracy on various types of items. Results: Faculty and residents did not differ significantly in reading time [F (1, 35) = 0.01, p = 0.93], answering time [F (1, 35) = 0.60, p = 0.44], or accuracy [F (1, 35) = 0.24, p = 0.63] regardless of easy or hard items. Discussion: Dual process theory was not evidenced in this study. However, this lack of difference between faculty and residents may have been affected by the small sample size of participants and MCQs may not reflect how physicians made decisions in actual practice setting.
Assessing Curriculum Effectiveness: A Survey of Uniformed Services University Medical School Graduates
Authors: Picho Katherine , Gilliland William R. , Artino Anthony R. , DeZee Kent J. , Dong Ting , McManigle John E. , Cruess David F. , Durning Steven J.
Published: April 2015

Purpose: This study assessed alumni perceptions of their preparedness for clinical practice using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) competencies. We hypothesized that our alumni's perception of preparedness would be highest for military-unique practice and professionalism and lowest for system-based practice and practice-based learning and improvement. Method: 1,189 alumni who graduated from the Uniformed Services University (USU) between 1980 and 2001 completed a survey modeled to assess the ACGME competencies on a 5-point, Likert-type scale. Specifically, self-reports of competencies related to patient care, communication and interpersonal skills, medical knowledge, professionalism, systems-based practice, practice-based learning and improvement, and military-unique practice were evaluated. Results: Consistent with our expectations as the nation's military medical school, our graduates were most confident in their preparedness for military-unique practice, which included items assessing military leadership (M = 4.30, SD = 0.65). USU graduates also indicated being well prepared for the challenges of residency education in the domain of professionalism (M = 4.02, SD = 0.72). Self-reports were also high for competencies related to patient care (M = 3.86, SD = 0.68), communication and interpersonal skills (M = 3.88, SD = 0.66), and medical knowledge (M = 3.78, SD = 0.73). Consistent with expectations, systems-based practice (M = 3.50, SD = 0.70) and practice-based learning and improvement (M = 3.57, SD = 0.62) were the lowest rated competencies, although self-reported preparedness was still quite high. Discussion: Our findings suggest that, from the perspective of our graduates, USU is providing both an effective military-unique curriculum and is preparing trainees for residency training. Further, these results support the notion that graduates are prepared to lead and to practice medicine in austere environments. Compared to other competencies that were assessed, self-ratings for systems-based practice and practice-based learning and improvement were the lowest, which suggests the need to continue to improve USU education in these areas.
The Long-Term Career Outcome Study: Lessons Learned and Implications for Educational Practice
Authors: Durning Steven J. , Dong Ting , LaRochelle Jeffrey L. , Artino Anthony R. , Gilliland William R. , DeZee Kent J. , Saguil Aaron , Cruess David F. , Picho Katherine , McManigle John E.
Published: April 2015

The work of the Long-Term Career Outcome Study has been a program of scholarship spanning 10 years. Borrowing from established quality assurance literature, the Long-Term Career Outcome Study team has organized its scholarship into three phases; before medical school, during medical school, and after medical school. The purpose of this commentary is to address two fundamental questions: (1) what has been learned? and (2) how does this knowledge translate to educational practice and policy now and into the future? We believe that answers to these questions are relevant not only to our institution but also to other educational institutions seeking to provide high-quality health professions education.
Novel Examination for Evaluating Medical Student Clinical Reasoning: Reliability and Association With Patients Seen
Authors: Hemmer Paul A. , Dong Ting , Durning Steven J. , Pangaro Louis N.
Published: April 2015

Background: Medical students learn clinical reasoning, in part, through patient care. Although the numbers of patients seen is associated with knowledge examination scores, studies have not demonstrated an association between patient problems and an assessment of clinical reasoning. Aim: To examine the reliability of a clinical reasoning examination and investigate whether there was association between internal medicine core clerkship students' performance on this examination and the number of patients they saw with matching problems during their internal medicine clerkship. Methods: Students on the core internal medicine clerkship at the Uniformed Services University students log 11 core patient problems based on the Clerkship Directors in Internal Medicine curriculum. On a final clerkship examination (Multistep), students watch a scripted video encounter between physician and patient actors that assesses three sequential steps in clinical reasoning: Step One focuses on history and physical examination; Step Two, students write a problem list after viewing additional clinical findings; Step Three, students complete a prioritized differential diagnosis and treatment plan. Each Multistep examination has three different cases. For graduating classes 2010–2012 (n = 497), we matched the number of patients seen with the problem most represented by the Multistep cases (epigastric pain, generalized edema, monoarticular arthritis, angina, syncope, pleuritic chest pain). We report two-way Pearson correlations between the number of patients students reported with similar problems and the student's percent score on: Step One, Step Two, Step Three, and Overall Test. Results: Multistep reliability: Step 1, 0.6 to 0.8; Step 2, 0.41 to 0.65; Step 3, 0.53 to 0.78; Overall examination (3 cases): 0.74 to 0.83. For three problems, the number of patients seen had small to modest correlations with the Multistep Examination of Analytic Ability total score (r = 0.27 for pleuritic pain, p < 0.05, n = 81 patients; r = 0.14 for epigastric pain, p < 0.05, n = 324 patients; r = 0.19 for generalized edema, p < 0.05, n = 118 patients). Discussion or Conclusion: Although a reliable assessment, student performance on a clinical reasoning examination was weakly associated with the numbers of patients seen with similar problems. This may be as a result of transfer of knowledge between clinical and examination settings, the complexity of clinical reasoning, or the limits of reliability with patient logs and the Multistep.
Conciencia y emoción enactivas en la meditación con mantras del budismo tibetano
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Hurtado Verónica
Published: April 2015

El objetivo de este texto es investigar sobre el rol del sonido en el acceso a estados meditativos, integrando etnomusicología y cognición musical con ciencias cognitivas, psicología de la conciencia y espiritualidad. En una primera parte se exponen los temas que articulan conceptualmente la discusión: elementos sobre budismo, aspectos rituales y rítmicos de la música, nociones en torno a la conciencia desde la psicología occidental y oriental; además de algunos conceptos centrales referentes a la cognición musical enactiva. En una segunda sección se presenta brevemente la tipología de la conciencia de Shanon; desde allí se propone un nivel de conciencia adicional, denominado paradójico. Este nivel integra una formulación conceptual personal junto con las experiencias de meditantes budistas tibetanos del centro Sidharta, en Valparaíso. A través de entrevistas en profundidad y entrevistas de explicitación se elabora preliminar y tentativamente una estructura de la experiencia meditativa con mantras, incorporando la noción de ritmo y cuestiones relevantes sobre enacción musical. Junto con los comentarios finales se sugieren proyecciones para esta área interdisciplinaria de estudio.
Una retórica de la inmediatez: los Diarios de Gerardo Gandini
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Fessel Pablo
Published: April 2015

Gerardo Gandini (1936-2013) desarrolló desde fines de los años 60 una poética musical basada en la disponibilidad estética de los materiales provistos por la historia de la música occidental. La reinterpretación de materiales procedentes de diferentes contextos históricos estableció la obra de Gandini como un complejo entramado intertextual. La disponibilidad se extendió también a los géneros, musicales y artísticos en general. Los Diarios proyectan el diario literario y el ciclo de piezas, conjugando imaginarios musicales, literarios y pictóricos. El trabajo estudia los Diarios de Gerardo Gandini con la atención puesta en a) los aspectos empíricos relacionados con la datación e integración de las obras; b) las formas en que se plasma compositivamente su poética intertextual, para lo cual se examinan en detalle dos piezas, "... pájaro profeta" (Diario III) y "Fontana: modelo" (Diario IV); c) los problemas estéticos que pone en cuestión la adscripción de género implicada tanto en el título como en las condiciones de producción y de circulación de estas piezas; y por último, d) diferentes capas de sentido que resultan de estos últimos aspectos.
Comparison of RCM and GCM projections of boreal summer precipitation over Africa
Authors: Saini Roop , Wang Guiling , Yu Miao , Kim Jeehee
Published: April 2015

To provide input data for the potential future climate change impact assessment at regional levels, dynamic downscaling of global climate models (GCMs) climate using regional climate models (RCMs) is frequently utilized. It is important to understand how the climate change signal is modified in the RCM driven by GCM so that the simulated results can be accurately interpreted. This study compares the performance of a RCM and four driving GCMs in simulating precipitation over Africa and investigate how dynamically downscaled present and future climate from the regional model RegCM4.1 driven with four GCMs differ from those of the GCMs. In general, RegCM4.1 has a lower summer (June–August) precipitation bias than the driving GCMs, increasing our confidence in their future projections. Despite uncertainty in future projections, RegCM4.1 shows decreased precipitation over Sahel regardless of which GCM is used to drive the RCM. RegCM4.1 shows an increased interannual variability of summer precipitation over Gulf of Guinea and Central Africa as compared to GCMs in both present‐day climate and projected future climate scenarios. The mean annual cycle of precipitation differs between RCM and the driving GCM, in particular during the West African Monsoon (WAM). The WAM onset, peak, and retreat phases are more clearly defined in the RegCM4.1 than the four driving GCMs, where the WAM rainband shifts more southward. This paper highlights the uncertainties in dynamical downscaling for climate prediction, which are due to the inconsistencies in the physical packages between RCM and GCMs.
Comparison of three dual‐source remote sensing evapotranspiration models during the MUSOEXE‐12 campaign: Revisit of model physics
Authors: Yang Yuting , Long Di , Guan Huade , Liang Wei , Simmons Craig , Batelaan Okke
Published: April 2015

Various remote sensing‐based terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) models have been developed during the past four decades. These models vary in conceptual and mathematical representations of the physics, consequently leading to different performances. Examination of uncertainties associated with limitations in model physics will be useful for model selection and improvement. Here, three dual‐source remote sensing ET models (i.e., the Hybrid dual‐source scheme and Trapezoid framework‐based ET Model (HTEM), the Two‐Source Energy Balance (TSEB) model, and the MOD16 ET algorithm) using ASTER images were compared during the MUSOEXE‐12 campaign in the Heihe River Basin in Northwest China, aiming to better understand the differences in model physics that potentially lead to differences in model performance. Model results were first compared against observations from a dense network of eddy covariance towers and isotope‐based evaporation (E) and transpiration (T) partitioning. Results show that HTEM outperformed the other two models in simulating ET and its partitioning, whereas MOD16 performed worst (i.e., ET root‐mean‐square errors are 42.3 W/m2 (HTEM), 49.8 W/m2 (TSEB), and 95.3 W/m2 (MOD16)). On to model limitations, HTEM tends to underestimate ET under high advection due mostly to the underestimation of temperatures for the wet edge in its trapezoidal space. For TSEB, large uncertainties occur in determining the initial Priestley‐Taylor coefficient and the iteration procedure for ET partitioning, leading to overestimation/underestimation of T/E in most cases, particularly over sparse vegetation. Primary use of meteorological data for MOD16 does not effectively capture the soil moisture restriction on ET, and therefore results in unreasonable spatial ET patterns.
Canopy influence on snow depth distribution in a pine stand determined from terrestrial laser data
Authors: Revuelto J. , López‐Moreno J. I. , Azorin‐Molina C. , Vicente‐Serrano S. M.
Published: April 2015

In this study, we analyzed the effects of the forest canopy and trunks of a pine stand in the central Spanish Pyrenees on the snow depth (SD) distribution. Using LiDAR technology with a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS), high‐resolution data on the SD distribution were acquired during the 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 snow seasons, which were 2 years having very contrasting climatic and snow accumulation conditions. Average SD evolution in open and canopy areas was characterized. Principal component analysis was applied to identify days having similar spatial patterns of SD distribution. There was a clear contrast in the temporal variability of the snowpack in different areas of the forest stand, corresponding generally to beneath the canopy, and in open sites. The canopy and openings showed markedly different accumulation and melting, with higher snow accumulation found in openings. Differences ranged from 14 to 80% reduction (average 49%) in the SD beneath the canopy relative to open sites. The difference in SD between open and canopy areas increased throughout the snow season. The surveyed days were classified in terms of SD distribution, and included days associated with: high SD, low SD, intense melting conditions and periods when the SD distribution was driven by wind conditions. The SD increased with distance from the trunks to a distance of 3.5–4.5 m, coinciding with the average size of the crown of individual trees.
Causes and impacts of the 2014 warm anomaly in the NE Pacific
Authors: Bond Nicholas A. , Cronin Meghan F. , Freeland Howard , Mantua Nathan
Published: April 2015

Strongly positive temperature anomalies developed in the NE Pacific Ocean during the boreal winter of 2013–2014. Based on a mixed layer temperature budget, these anomalies were caused by lower than normal rates of the loss of heat from the ocean to the atmosphere and of relatively weak cold advection in the upper ocean. Both of these mechanisms can be attributed to an unusually strong and persistent weather pattern featuring much higher than normal sea level pressure over the waters of interest. This anomaly was the greatest observed in this region since at least the 1980s. The region of warm sea surface temperature anomalies subsequently expanded and reached coastal waters in spring and summer 2014. Impacts on fisheries and regional weather are discussed. It is found that sea surface temperature anomalies in this region affect air temperatures downwind in Washington state.
Allan–Herndon–Dudley syndrome with unusual profound sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Gagliardi Lucia , Nataren Nathalie , Feng Jinghua , Schreiber Andreas W. , Hahn Christopher N. , Conwell Louise S. , Coman David , Scott Hamish S.
Published: April 2015

The Allan–Herndon–Dudley syndrome is caused by mutations in the thyroid hormone transporter, Monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8). It is characterized by profound intellectual disability and abnormal thyroid function. We report on a patient with Allan–Herndon–Dudley syndrome (AHDS) with profound sensorineural hearing loss which is not usually a feature of AHDS and which may have been due to a coexisting nonsense mutation in Microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Haploinsufficiency ofANO6, NELL2andDBX2in a boy with intellectual disability and growth delay
Authors: Carlsen Ellen Ø. , Frengen Eirik , Fannemel Madeleine , Misceo Doriana
Published: April 2015

We report on a 10‐year‐old‐boy presenting with moderate intellectual disability (ID), impaired motor skills, hypotonia, growth delay, minor anomalies, misaligned teeth, pectus excavatum, small hands and feet, widely spaced nipples, and a 1.13 Mb de novo deletion on HSA12q12 (chr12:44,830,147‐45,964,945 bp, hg19), deletingANO6, NELL2, andDBX2and the pseudogenesPLEKHA8P1andRACGAP1P. We suggestDBX2andNELL2as disease‐causing genes and their haploinsufficiency to be involved in the psychomotor delay in the patient.DBX2encodes a homeobox protein, highly expressed during neuronal development and regulating differentiation of interneurons in brain and spinal cord.NELL2is expressed in most of the central and peripheral nervous system, with highest expression in hippocampus and cerebellum, maximizing during neuronal differentiation. The deletion in our patient is the smallest in HSA12q12 reported to date, and it is included in the deletion carried by four previously reported patients. The clinical presentation of these patients points to the recurrence of the following manifestation, possibly delineating a 12q12 deletion syndrome phenotype: moderate to severe developmental/intellectual delay, hypotonia, postnatal growth retardation, skeletal and dental anomalies, minor facial anomalies including strabismus, down slanting palpebral fissures, and large/low‐set ears. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exome sequencing identifies a homozygous C5orf42 variant in a Turkish kindred with oral‐facial‐digital syndrome type VI
Authors: Bayram Yavuz , Aydin Hatip , Gambin Tomasz , Akdemir Zeynep Coban , Atik Mehmed M. , Karaca Ender , Karaman Ali , Pehlivan Davut , Jhangiani Shalini N. , Gibbs Richard A. , Lupski James R.
Published: April 2015

Oral‐facial‐digital syndrome type VI (OFDVI) is a rare ciliopathy in the spectrum of Joubert syndrome (JS) and distinguished from other oral‐facial‐digital syndromes by metacarpal abnormalities with central polydactyly and by a molar tooth sign on cranial MRI. Additional characteristic features include short stature, micrognathia, posteriorly rotated low‐set ears, hypertelorism, epicanthal folds, broad nasal tip, tongue hamartoma, upper lip notch, intraoral frenula, cleft lip/palate, and renal anomalies. Recently, novel mutations in C5orf42 were identified in 9 out of 11 OFDVI families. In a subsequent study C5orf42 was found to be mutated in only 2 out of 17 OFDVI probands while 28 patients with a pure JS phenotype also had pathogenic mutations of C5orf42.

We report on two affected cousins diagnosed with OFDVI who were born from first degree cousin marriages. Whole exome sequencing (WES) identified a homozygous predicted damaging missense mutation (c.4034A > G; p.Gln1345Arg) in the C5orf42 gene. Our data contribute to the evidence that C5orf42 is one of the causative genes for OFDVI. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Male‐male affiliation and cooperation characterize the social behavior of the large‐bodied pitheciids,ChiropotesandCacajao: A review
Authors: Gregory Tremaine , Bowler Mark
Published: April 2015

Cooperation and affiliation between males may be key to the evolution of large multimale‐multifemale primate groups in some species.CacajaoandChiropotesform multimale‐multifemale groups larger than those of most other platyrrhines (Cacajao: over 150 andChiropotes: up to 80 individuals), and groups exhibit a high degree of fission‐fusion dynamics. In both genera, males engage in affiliative, sex‐specific behaviors and form all‐male parties. Males in both genera also have conspicuous genitalia but can demonstrate sexual crypsis, or mimicry, wherein testes are retracted, resembling labia. Observed egalitarian interactions among males suggest that there is scramble competition for access to females, and aggression between males is uncommon relative to other social primates. As of yet, there are no genetic data to clarify dispersal patterns, and while relatedness among males would in part explain their affiliative relationships, there is some limited evidence for dispersal by males inCacajao. In this review of recent studies of male‐male social interactions inChiropotesandCacajao, we posit that the ability to maintain large groups in these genera may be related to the affiliative and perhaps coalitionary relationships between males, who may or may not be related. Affiliative male‐male relationships may allow for monopolization of groups of females and facilitate group cohesion by reducing intragroup aggression; however data on male‐male interactions with identified individuals will be required to determine patterns of affiliation, while genetic studies may be the most practical way of determining dispersal patterns for these genera. Am. J. Primatol. 78:550–560, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Water vapor solubility of poly(lactic acid) films modified the surface by vacuum ultraviolet irradiation
Authors: Saiga Takuya , Sato Shuichi , Nagai Kazukiyo
Published: March 2015

Surface modification of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) film is performed via 172 nm excimer lamp irradiation. Effects on water vapor solubility and physical properties via vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation are studied systematically. After VUV irradiation, water vapor solubility increases approximately 11–43% in the low‐pressure region and approximately 20–38% in the high‐pressure region as surface hydrophilicity increased. The increase is attributed to hydrogen bonding with the carboxyl groups because of VUV radiation. The modified layer is significantly swelling after water vapor sorption. The hydrophilic layer forms a thickness of 2–3 μm from the irradiated surface via VUV radiation, but no changes are observed inside the irradiated film. Therefore, PLA film solubility after irradiation is enhanced by hydrophilicity and the swelling effect of the surface. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42200.
Gastroschisis and young mothers: What makes them different from other mothers of the same age?
Authors: Rittler Monica , Campaña Hebe , Ermini Monica L. , Gili Juan A. , Poletta Fernando A. , Pawluk Mariela S. , Giménez Lucas G. , Cosentino Viviana R. , Castilla Eduardo E. , López‐Camelo Jorge S
Published: April 2015

Background

Although young maternal age has been identified as a risk factor for gastroschisis, its role remains undisclosed. To our knowledge, the differences between young mothers of infants with gastroschisis and young mothers of infants with other pregnancy outcomes have not been established. The aim of this work was to compare characteristics of young mothers whose newborn had gastroschisis with same aged mothers of malformed and nonmalformed control infants, diagnosed within the ECLAMC maternity hospital network.

Methods

Data base records of live and stillborn infants of one of three groups (with isolated gastroschisis, with 1 of 5 other isolated birth defects, and nonmalformed), and whose mothers were younger than 20 years, were selected. Secular trends were obtained for all birth defects; frequencies and odds ratios (OR) of demographic and reproductive variables were compared among the 3 groups. Significantly associated variables were adjusted with a multivariate regression.

Results

The association was higher with gastroschisis 1) than with other birth defects for African ancestry, smoking, adequate prenatal control and diagnosis 2) than with nonmalformed controls for maternal illnesses and alcohol 3) and than both for previous pregnancy loss and medication, mainly sex hormones. After adjustment, only previous pregnancy loss maintained its significance when compared with malformed (OR = 2.34; 1.37–3.97; P = 0.002), as well as with nonmalformed (OR = 3.43; 2.07–5.66; P < 0.001) controls.

Conclusion

A previous pregnancy loss was identified as the main risk factor for gastroschisis, while an increased use of sex hormones, perhaps related to the previous loss, could trigger a disruptive mechanism, due to their thrombophilic effect. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:536–543, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Liquid‐Crystalline Properties of trans‐A2B2‐Porphyrins with Extended π‐Electron Systems
Authors: Salamończyk Mirosław , Pociecha Damian , Nowak‐Król Agnieszka , Koszelewski Dominik , Gryko Daniel T. , Górecka Ewa
Published: March 2015

Incorporation of four trialkoxyphenyl substituents combined with extending the π‐conjugated system has allowed porphyrins to display liquid‐crystalline columnar phases at room temperature. 2D and 3D columnar structures were observed as well as a biaxial smectic phase.
Pd/C‐Catalyzed Cyclizative Cross‐Coupling of Two ortho‐Alkynylanilines under Aerobic Conditions: Synthesis of 2,3′‐Bisindoles
Authors: Yao Bo , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping
Published: March 2015

A palladium‐catalyzed cyclizative cross‐coupling of two o‐alkynylanilines to 2,3′‐bisindoles under aerobic oxidative conditions was developed. Mechanistic studies suggested that the two catalytic cycles, namely the formation of 3‐alkynylindoles 8 and their subsequent cyclization to bisindoles 5, are temporally separated. The aminopalladation of 3‐alkynylindoles 8 occurred only after all the N,N‐dialkyl‐o‐alkynylanilines were consumed. The solid support (activated charcoal) played a crucial role in the second intramolecular aminopalladation process.