bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Freud et les psychiatres français
Authors: Gougoulis Nicolas
Published: January 2013

L’auteur esquisse la relation de la psychanalyse et des psychiatres français sous l’angle de deux tendances qui ont déterminé la rapidité de réception et la dynamique du mouvement français.
De Sophie Morgenstern l'oubliée à Françoise Dolto la tapageuse
Authors: Fessaguet Dominique
Published: January 2013

Deux femmes psychanalystes : Sophie Morgenstern et Françoise Dolto-Marette, l’une élève de l’autre, si différentes mais engagées dans le même désir de développer la psychanalyse d’enfant. Ces deux femmes, chacune à leur façon, l’une discrète, l’autre sur les ondes ont innové dans ce domaine inexploré à l’époque en France.
Eugénie Sokolnicka et Marie Bonaparte
Authors: Moreau Ricaud Michelle
Published: January 2013

Marie Bonaparte, arrière-petite-nièce de Napoléon, que son milieu aristocratique ne destinait pas à devenir psychanalyste, est une figure incontournable de la psychanalyse en France. Représentante de Freud et de la psychanalyse laïque, elle est traductrice de Freud, auteur d’une œuvre, mécène du mouvement analytique et par son statut d’Altesse Royale, protectrice de Freud, le sauvant de la mort en facilitant son exil à Londres devant la menace nazie. Elle joue aussi un rôle important dans la première scission de la psychanalyse en France (1953).
Le Manifeste surréaliste et ses rapports avec l'inconscient
Authors: Fessaguet Dominique
Published: January 2013

Par la pratique de l’écriture automatique, les surréalistes ont voulu attester d’un sur-réel issu en droite ligne de l’inconscient freudien, inconscient qu’A. Breton avait découvert à la lecture de S. Freud. Le malentendu entre les deux hommes a été certain, historique pourrait-on dire. Cependant, si l’on considère les processus psychiques à l’œuvre lors de la création littéraire, on peut penser que ce malentendu est en fait un malentendu et que surréalisme et inconscient freudien peuvent se rejoindre.
Que sont les controverses devenues ? Perspectives kleiniennes
Authors: Arnoux Dominique J.
Published: January 2013

Au temps des controverses, la discussion concernait l’hypothèse d’une vie psychique avant la deuxième année. Anna Freud y est alors opposée. Elle préfère l’idée d’une phase narcissique et auto-érotique dénuée des riches relations d’objet marquées par des enjeux libidinaux et agressifs telles que les conçoit Melanie Klein. Un peu à la manière de Freud, qui avait montré dans L’interprétation des rêves que les personnages représentés dans la scène onirique sont autant de représentations du moi, Melanie Klein considère un psychanalyste qui prend la place des objets originels. L’espace et le lien analytique sont alors une scénographie enchevêtrée de personnages et d’affects. Melanie Klein explore le trop de la vie psychique ; en ce sens et comme en réaction elle féconde autant la pensée de Donald Winnicott vers le holding que celle de Wilfred Bion vers le modèle du contenant-contenu, deux références bien mieux connues en France aujourd’hui que la pensée de Melanie Klein elle-même. Nous reconnaissons l’appui sur la pensée de Winnicott et sur celle de Bion pour réfléchir les états limites en particulier et la vie psychique à l’adolescence. L’auteur après avoir revisité les enjeux des Grandes Controverses s’attarde sur le prototype de l’angoisse, selon Melanie Klein : les angoisses d’anéantissement et le prolongement des différentes recherches issues de cette conception.
Combattre l'occupant en Belgique et dans les départements français occupés en 1914-1918
Authors: Debruyne Emmanuel
Published: January 2013

L’occupation de la Belgique et d’un certain nombre de départements français pendant la Première Guerre mondiale a conduit des citoyens à s’organiser clandestinement pour lutter contre l’occupant allemand. Cet article examine en quoi cet engagement peut être qualifié de « résistance », à l’instar du phénomène qui s’est développé dans l’Europe occupée de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Certes, le mot n’est pas utilisé au cours du premier conflit mondial, mais la réalité qu’il désigne est proche de celle qui caractérisera les années 1940-1945. Son contexte est cependant celui d’une « guerre totale » moins accomplie, où le recours à l’action armée est évité par les clandestins. Cette première résistance est aussi de moins grande ampleur : elle s’organise en réseaux, mais ne donne pas naissance à de vastes mouvements. Après la guerre, la mémoire des combattants de l’ombre est davantage entretenue en Belgique, marquée par l’expérience de l’occupation, qu’en France, dominée par celle des tranchées.
La naissance de l'avocat médiatique aux États-Unis
Authors: Bonaventure Florent
Published: January 2013

Cet article s’interroge sur l’investissement du champ médiatique américain par les avocats au cours des années 1920, à la faveur des transformations d’une industrie journalistique désormais nationale, de l’émergence d’une « culture de la célébrité » et de la fascination du public pour le crime et le fait divers dans un pays « fatigué d’événements ». Il montre comment des hommes comme Clarence Darrow transforment les procès en spectacles, dramatisent les enjeux et jouent avec les codes journalistiques pour mieux faire passer leurs idées. Ils utilisent leur nouvel espace médiatique pour rendre visibles les inégalités juridiques et sociales. Ces avocats réhabilitent de ce fait une profession perçue telle l’alliée des puissants et changent l’image même du droit, en le présentant comme un instrument d’émancipation et de libération, annonçant ainsi et popularisant les combats ultérieurs pour l’égalité des droits.
De l'Italie à la France, de l'Algérie au Vietnam
Authors: Colozza Roberto
Published: January 2013

Homme politique, théoricien et juriste, Lelio Basso est l’une des figures marquantes du socialisme de gauche européen de l’après-guerre. Marxiste luxembourgiste, il refusait l’universalisme stalinien comme le réformisme social-démocrate et songeait à créer une alliance mondiale des socialistes révolutionnaires. Au sein du Parti socialiste italien (PSI), il s’opposait au travaillisme de Pietro Nenni et à ses hypothèses d’alliance avec la Démocratie chrétienne (DC). Côtoyant les Nouvelles Gauches françaises lors de leur lutte contre la guerre en Algérie, Lelio Basso introjecta les valeurs de l’anticolonialisme. Le pacte gouvernemental DC-PSI en Italie et la stabilisation de la Cinquième République en France furent pour lui les preuves de l’homologation politique de l’Occident. Il se tourna alors vers le tiers-mondisme, dénonçant les crimes de guerre états-uniens au Vietnam au sein du Tribunal Russell. Ce fut le début de son engagement pour les droits des peuples, extrême métamorphose « humanitaire » de sa foi internationaliste.
Les organisations patronales suisses entre coordination économique et influence politique
Authors: Humair Cédric , Guex Sébastien , Mach André , Eichenberger Pierre
Published: January 2013

Dans cet article, nous proposons une discussion de l’historiographie relative aux organisations patronales suisses. Notre objectif est de contribuer au récent renouveau des études sur les associations patronales, dont la connaissance demeure parcellaire malgré leur importance tant politique qu’économique, particulièrement en Suisse. Pour ce faire, nous débutons par une présentation de la genèse, du développement et des particularités historiques des associations patronales helvétiques. Nous procédons ensuite à une analyse quantitative et qualitative de l’historiographie relative à ces organisations. Nous montrons que les recherches menées mettent principalement en évidence le rôle politique des associations patronales, mais ne font qu’esquisser leurs activités sociales et économiques. Nous concluons en dégageant des questions d’intérêt général qui ouvrent des pistes de recherche prometteuses tant pour le cas suisse que pour d’autres pays.
Que faire des postcolonial studies ?
Authors: Bancel Nicolas
Published: January 2013

Cet article investigue les raisons susceptibles d’éclairer, d’une part, la relative indifférence du champ académique français aux postcolonial et subaltern studies , depuis le début des années 1980 jusqu’au milieu des années 2000 et, d’autre part, le brusque regain d’intérêt pour ces courants, intérêt qui s’est toutefois singularisé par de vives polémiques et, souvent, par une défiance manifeste. En revenant sur quelques axes spéculatifs développés par les postcolonial et subaltern studies et sur les discussions qui ont eu lieu autour de ceux-ci, cette contribution vise à comprendre pourquoi ces courants, finalement marginaux et confinés en France, ont provoqué de telles passions dans l’univers académique. En cherchant à saisir les enjeux scientifiques et politiques de ces débats, cet article a pour but non de défendre en soi les postcolonial et subaltern studies , mais de mettre à jour certaines perspectives, dont les vertus heuristiques n’ont pas été entièrement épuisées dans les recherches francophones.
L'apport de la théorie des parties prenantes à la gouvernance des pôles de compétitivité
Authors: Chabault Denis
Published: January 2013

Les pôles de compétitivité sont constitués de multiples parties prenantes aux intérêts parfois identiques, mais aussi contradictoires, qui entretiennent des relations très fluctuantes et s’investissent différemment en fonction de leurs propres impératifs stratégiques. A travers l’étude de deux pôles de compétitivité, cette recherche s’attache à comprendre le processus de catégorisation des parties prenantes des pôles de compétitivité et ses incidences en matière de stratégie collective. Nous montrons notamment que ce processus de catégorisation repose sur quatre dimensions (légitimité, ressources, sources d’influences, et degré d’implication). A partir de ces éléments, la gouvernance opérationnelle des pôles de compétitivité détermine l’ordre des priorités stratégiques ; puis, cherche à identifier des « zones d’indifférences » pour construire la stratégie collective du réseau.
Investir pour les trente prochaines glorieuses
Authors: Rabault Valérie
Published: January 2013

Pour beaucoup, la France est en train de tomber. Elle serait en crise, et incapable de se réformer. Et si au contraire tout n’était pas joué ? Et si le scénario de prospérité des « 30 glorieuses » décortiqué par Jean Fourastié dans les années 70, se rejouait d’ici 2040 ? C’est la thèse du livre, à plusieurs conditions évidemment. Avant tout, il faut renverser l’état d’esprit du pays, en partant de l’hypothèse que nous sommes responsables de notre propre destin. Ceci en reprenant la main sur les choix d’investissements, d’éducation, de logement, d’immigration, de transports, via un plan de développement sélectif. Il est également nécessaire de reconstruire l’équilibre du fameux « modèle français » d’origine, déclinaison économique de « liberté, égalité, fraternité ». Car, après la crise financière de 2009, la France est à la croisée des chemins. Ce livre est l’histoire d’une réussite du pays encore possible, mais pas gagnée.
Comprendre et developper son reseau relationnel : Le cas des dirigeants de PME
Authors: Géraudel Mickaël
Published: January 2013

Résumé La PME, organisation faiblement dotée en ressources, doit s’appuyer sur le réseau relationnel de son dirigeant pour être performante. Deux ressources sont essentielles pour la PME : l’accès aux informations stratégiques sur les marchés et la visibilité de l’entreprise. Le but de cette contribution est de permettre au dirigeant de PME d’appréhender son réseau relationnel selon trois angles d’approche (la nature de ses liens, sa structure globale et sa composition). A partir de ces représentations, nous proposons, d’après la littérature, des configurations de réseau qui sont les plus efficaces possibles pour obtenir, pour le dirigeant de PME, des informations stratégiques sur les marchés et une bonne visibilité de l’entreprise.
Le role strategique des hommes-orchestres dans l'ecosysteme des poles de competitivite
Authors: Abittan Yoni , Assens Christophe
Published: January 2013

Résumé La mondialisation de l’économie pousse les régions à la spécialisation et la recherche d’avantages concurrentiels. Entre octobre 2007 et juin 2010, nous avons étudié en profondeur 4 systèmes d’innovation mettant en réseau des acteurs publics et privés, à savoir la Silicon Valley, Israël, le Maroc et la France. Au cours de cette recherche, nous avons identifié des acteurs que l’on qualifie d’hommesorchestres (“boundary spanners“), jouant un rôle clé dans la performance des écosystèmes d’innovation en raison de leur capital social, leurs compétences techniques et leur esprit d’entreprise. Quel est le profil de ces hommesorchestres ? Quelles sont les conditions requises pour qualifier un individu d’homme-orchestre ? Existe-t-il des spécificités culturelles inhérentes à ces hommes-orchestres ? Quelles sont les raisons qui motivent ces hommesorchestres à connecter les acteurs internes et externes de l’écosystème d’innovation ?
Ethical paradoxes in knowledge management
Authors: Evans Nina , McKinley Mary
Published: January 2013

Résumé La gestion des connaissances (KM) est généralement considérée comme un processus positif pour une organisation, permettant d’atteindre un avantage concurrentiel par une meilleure gestion des informations, la compilation de savoirfaire et une réaction rapide aux fluctuations de l’environnement. Toutefois, dans certains cas, la gestion des connaissances existe dans un univers de tension dynamique entre les besoins contradictoires de respecter la vie privée et la propriété intellectuelle, de se prémunir contre le vol de données, de protéger la sécurité nationale et de respecter les lois. Alors que la littérature de gestion des connaissances met l’accent sur le côté brillant du paradigme, il y a aussi une autre facette dans laquelle la connaissance est faussée, supprimée ou détournée en raison de motifs personnels ou organisationnels. Cet article décrit les paradoxes éthiques de la gestion des connaissances. Il suggère que reconnaître à la fois les promesses et les pièges du KM nécessite une certaine sagesse.
Ethesia tanquana (Ornithogaloideae, Hyacinthaceae), a new species from the Tanqua Karoo (South Africa), with notes on E. haalenbergensis
Authors: Martínez-Azorín Mario , Crespo Manuel B.
Published: January 2013

As a part of a taxonomic revision of Ethesia Raf., a new species, E. tanquana Mart.-Azorín & M.B.Crespo, is described from the Tanqua Karoo in South Africa. This new species is at first sight similar to E. haalenbergensis (U.Mu.ll.-Doblies & D.Mu.ll.-Doblies) Mart.-Azorín, M.B.Crespo & Juan and also E. xanthochlora (Baker) Mart.-Azorín, M.B.Crespo & Juan, but it differs in floral and vegetative characters as well as in its ecology and isolated distribution. A complete description, data on biology, habitat, and distribution of the new species are presented. An identification key for Ethesia and new data on the rare Namibian E. haalenbergensis are also given.
Ophrys x castroviejoi (Orchidaceae), a new hybrid for Spain.
Authors: Serra Laliga Lluís , Soler Jaume X.
Published: January 2013

Ophrys x castroviejoi is described and illustrated; it is a hybrid of O. scolopax and O. speculum, wich was obtained artificially in 1931 and named as O. x kelleriella, considered nomen nudum. It is offered its known distribution and current situation in Spain.
The Orchidaceae of Ruiz & Pavón’s “Flora Peruviana et Chilensis”. A taxonomic study. II
Authors: Pupulin Franco
Published: January 2013

The paper presents the second part of the study of the orchid illustrations produced during the Royal expedition to Peru and Chile, headed by Ruiz and Pavón in late XVIII century. Species of the genera included between Oncidium and Zygopetalum are discussed. For each taxon references to the nomenclatorial types, synonymy, illustrations and exsiccata prepared during the expedition, as well as to Ruiz’ diaries and the unpublished manuscripts of the expedition’s botanists, are provided. In the absence of any specimens referable to the type collections and associated with the protologues, Maxillaria ciliata and M. undatiflora are formally lectotypified with the type illustrations conserved in MA. Rodriguezia lanceolata, originally based on at least two syntypes, is lectotypified. New combinations are propo sed for Bletia uniflora, Humboldtia acutiflora, H. polystachya and Maxilla ria undatiflora.
Nuevos táxones animales descritos en la península Ibérica y Macaronesia desde 1994 (XVI)
Authors: Fernández J.
Published: January 2013

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Die pastorale begeleiding van predikante van die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk tydens die kerklike tughandeling
Authors: Kleynhans Cornelis T.
Published: January 2013

Pastoral guidance of ministers of the Dutch Reformed Church during ecclesiastical discipline. The process of ecclesiastical discipline evokes feelings of guilt and shame. Whilst literary study suggested this to be the case, the empirical research confirmed it. It is clear that the three-fold process was a traumatic and shocking experience for ministers. Most upsetting was the way that the process was handled. It was done in a non-professional way and without brotherly or sisterly love. The process triggered guilt and shame emotions in a number of ways, not least by the lack of support and guidance. Respondents indicated that they had positive and negative experiences of guilt and shame during the discipline process. Most respondents took action to amend their mistakes, and thereby used the guilt feeling functionally, whilst the use of defence mechanisms showed that they did not manage and process the feelings of shame. It is unsettling to realise that the Dutch Reformed Church fails her ministers in time of need. Only a few parishioners and ministers from other denominations provided some sort of comfort during the discipline process. The church gave no support and guidance in the processing of the feelings of guilt and shame. The church lacked in every aspect, even to show a basic understanding of the trauma, and none of the church councils offered any basic or interventive help. To remedy the situation, it is proposed that the church should take its task as caregiver during the ecclesiastical discipline of ministers very serious and give guidance in an official and professional way.
Review: Anti-nutritional effects of phytic acid in diets for pigs and poultry – current knowledge and directions for future research
Authors: Woyengo T. A. , Nyachoti C. M.
Published: January 2013

Woyengo, T. A. and Nyachoti, C. M. 2013. Review: Anti-nutritional effects of phytic acid in diets for pigs and poultry – current knowledge and directions for future research. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 9–21. Plant feedstuffs contain phytic acid (PA), which is a storage form of phosphorus. Phytic acid is, however, poorly hydrolyzed by pigs and poultry, and it has a capacity to complex dietary nutrients, thereby reducing nutrient digestibility. Reduced nutrient digestibility by PA implies reduced efficiency of utilization of the nutrients and increased discharge of the unabsorbed nutrients to the environment. Phytic acid has also recently been shown to increase the endogenous nutrient losses (ENL) in pigs and poultry. Because the increased ENL in the gastrointestinal tract are associated with increased maintenance requirement for the lost nutrients and of energy spent on their secretion, an increase in ENL due to PA implies that there are other adverse effects of PA on nutrient utilization in addition to reducing nutrient digestibility. In this review, the effects of PA on performance of pigs and poultry, and on the digestibility and ENL in these animals are discussed in detail. Also, the mechanisms by which PA reduces nutrient digestibility and increases gastrointestinal ENL in pigs and poultry are discussed, and areas that need further research to gain more insight into these mechanisms are suggested.
Short Communication: Relations between peripartum concentrations of prolactin and progesterone in sows and piglet growth in early lactation
Authors: Quesnel Hélène , Ramaekers Peter , van Hees Hubèrt , Farmer Chantal
Published: January 2013

Quesnel, H., Ramaekers, P., van Hees, H. and Farmer, C. 2013. Short Communication: Relations between peripartum concentrations of prolactin and progesterone in sows and piglet growth in early lactation. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 109–112. Postpartum hypogalactia has been suggested to be related to an impaired secretion of prolactin or to elevated concentrations of progesterone around farrowing. In the current study, peripartum circulating concentrations of prolactin and progesterone were determined in 50 multiparous sows (parities 1 to 5) and related to the Na K−1 ratio and lactose in colostrum and to piglet growth in early lactation. An effect of parity (P<0.001) was observed for prolactin, with sows from parity 1 having lower concentrations than sows from parities 2, 3, 4 and 5, and sows from parities 4 and 5 having the greatest concentrations. Piglet growth from day 1 to day 5 was negatively correlated with progesterone concentrations in sows on day 1 (r=−0.36, P=0.01). The present study supports the hypothesis of a negative impact of high concentrations of progesterone after farrowing on early growth of piglets and also shows a clear effect of sow parity on the peripartum concentrations of prolactin suggesting that younger sows are more vulnerable to reduced milk yield due to lower prolactin concentrations.
A Importância das Órteses de Membros Inferiores na Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne
Authors: Fernandes Naelka dos Anjos , Troise Denise Caldeira , Fávero Francis Meire , Fontes Sissy Veloso , Oliveira Acary Souza Bulle
Published: January 2013

Introdução. A habilidade motora do paciente com Distrofia Mus­cular de Duchenne decresce progressivamente e a fisioterapia é fun­damental no tratamento destes pacientes para manutenção da força muscular e amplitude de movimento, por meio de alongamentos di­ários e ortetização. Objetivo. Identificar a importância das principais órteses de membros inferiores utilizadas no tratamento de pacientes com Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne. Método. Foram realizadas buscas eletrônicas nas bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS, SCIE­LO a fim de identificar os artigos científicos indexados e publicados de 1979 a 2010. Resultados. Dez artigos foram selecionados. Dos artigos selecionados, um era estudo retrospectivo, oito eram estudos prospectivos, um era um estudo prospectivo randomizado. Os artigos tratavam dos tipos de órteses mais utilizadas no tratamento de pacien­tes com Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne, e dos benefícios que o uso desses dispositivos proporcionava aos pacientes. Conclusões. A órtese mais utilizada é a Knee-Ankle-Foot (KAFO), a qual é importante para prevenção/minimização de contraturas e deformidades, prolongamen­to da marcha e ortostatismo dos pacientes.
Efeitos da Realidade Virtual em Paciente Adulto com Paralisia Braquial Obstétrica
Authors: Rodrigues Bianca Soares , Pagnussat Aline de Souza , Chiquetti Eloá Maria dos Santos
Published: January 2013

A Paralisia Braquial Obstétrica consiste em uma lesão do plexo bra­quial que se traduz por perturbação motora e sensitiva do membro superior. A paralisia de Erb-Duchenne é a mais frequente. Objetivo. Avaliar os efeitos na melhora da motricidade ampla, alcance do mem­bro superior, força muscular e resistência à fadiga em um paciente com Paralisia de Erb-Duchenne adulto após a utilização da realidade virtual por meio do console Nintendo Wii® como agente terapêutico. Método. O paciente foi avaliado antes e após o tratamento por meio do teste de Caixa e Blocos, Biofotogrametria, Dinamometria e escala de Borg modificada. A intervenção terapêutica foi realizada utilizando Wii® durante 15 sessões. Resultados. Após a utilização do Console como recurso terapêutico, houve aumento da força dos músculos tes­tados, da amplitude de movimento em flexão de ombro e do número de blocos transportados por minuto. Não foi demonstrado aumento na extensão de cotovelo e ocorreu aumento da fadiga muscular perce­bida ao longo das sessões. Conclusões. o presente estudo sugere que mediante a intervenção utilizando a realidade virtual pode-se melho­rar a funcionalidade e prevenir retrações e encurtamentos musculares nesses pacientes.
Observations of gas- and aerosol-phase organic nitrates at BEACHON-RoMBAS 2011
Authors: Fry J. L. , Draper D. C. , Zarzana K. J. , Campuzano-Jost P. , Day D. A. , Jimenez J. L. , Brown S. S. , Cohen R. C. , Kaser L. , Hansel A. , Cappellin L. , Karl T. , Hodzic Roux A. , Turnipseed A. , Cantrell C. , Lefer B. L. , Grossberg N.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. At the Rocky Mountain Biogenic Aerosol Study (BEACHON-RoMBAS) field campaign in the Colorado front range, July–August 2011, measurements of gas- and aerosol-phase organic nitrates enabled a study of the role of NOx (NOx = NO + NO2) in oxidation of forest-emitted VOCs and subsequent aerosol formation. Substantial formation of peroxy- and alkyl-nitrates is observed every morning, with an apparent 2.9% yield of alkyl nitrates from daytime RO2 + NO reactions. Aerosol-phase organic nitrates, however, peak in concentration during the night, with concentrations up to 140 ppt as measured by both optical spectroscopic and mass spectrometric instruments. The diurnal cycle in aerosol fraction of organic nitrates shows an equilibrium-like response to the diurnal temperature cycle, suggesting some reversible absorptive partitioning, but the full dynamic range cannot be reproduced by thermodynamic repartitioning alone. Nighttime aerosol organic nitrate is observed to be positively correlated with [NO2] × [O3] but not with [O3]. These observations support the role of nighttime NO3-initiated oxidation of monoterpenes as a significant source of nighttime aerosol. Nighttime production of organic nitrates exceeds daytime photochemical production at this site, which we postulate to be representative of the Colorado front range forests.
Validation of two independent retrievals of SCIAMACHY water vapour columns using radiosonde data
Authors: du Piesanie A. , Piters A. J. M. , Aben I. , Schrijver H. , Wang P. , Noël S.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Two independently derived SCIAMACHY total water vapour column (WVC) products are compared with integrated water vapour data calculated from radiosonde measurements, and with each other. The two SCIAMACHY WVC products are retrieved with two different retrieval algorithms applied in the visible and short wave infrared wavelength regions respectively. The first SCIAMACHY WVC product used in the comparison is ESA's level 2 version 5.01 WVC product derived with the Air Mass Corrected Differential Absorption Spectroscopy (AMC-DOAS) retrieval algorithm (SCIAMACHY-ESA). The second SCIAMACHY WVC product is derived using the Iterative Maximum Likelihood Method (IMLM) developed by Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SCIAMACHY-IMLM). Both SCIAMACHY WVC products are compared with collocated water vapour amounts determined from daily relative humidity radiosonde measurements obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) radiosonde network, over an 18 month and 2 yr period respectively. Results indicate a good agreement between the WVC amounts of SCIAMACHY-ESA and the radiosonde, and a mean difference of 0.03 g cm−2 is found for cloud free conditions. Overall the SCIAMACHY-ESA WVC amounts are smaller than the radiosonde WVC amounts, especially over oceans. For cloudy conditions the WVC bias has a clear dependence on the cloud top height and increases with increasing cloud top heights larger than approximately 2 km. A likely cause for this could be the different vertical profile shapes of water vapour and O2 leading to different relative changes in their optical thickness, which makes the AMF correction method used in the algorithm less suitable for high clouds. The SCIAMACHY-IMLM WVC amounts compare well to the radiosonde WVC amounts during cloud free conditions over land. A mean difference of 0.08 g cm−2 is found which is consistent with previous results when comparing daily averaged SCIAMACHY-IMLM WVC amounts with ECMWF model data globally. Furthermore, we show that the measurements for cloudy conditions (cloud fraction ≥ 0.5) with low clouds (cloud pressure ≥ 930 hPa) above the ocean and land compare quite well with radiosonde data.
Inorganic data from El'gygytgyn Lake sediments: stages 6–11
Authors: Minyuk P. S. , Borkhodoev V. Ya. , Wennrich V.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Geochemical study was performed on sediment of deep drilling core from El'gygytgyn Lake, located in central Chukotka, northeastern Russia (67°30' N; 172°05' E). Major and rare elements were determined by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) on 600 samples covering the timeframe between ca. 450 and 125 ka corresponding to Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 11 to 6. Inorganic geochemistry data indicates significant variations in the elemental compositions corresponding to the glacials and interglacials periods. Interglacial sediments are characterized by high contents of SiO2, Na2O, CaO, K2O, Sr and are depleted in Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, MgO. Extreme enrichments in SiO2 during MIS 11.3 and 9.3 are caused by an enhanced flux of biogenic silica (BSi). Geochemical structure of stage 11 shows very similar peculiarities to features of stage 11 from records of Lake Baikal/SE Siberia and Antarctic ice cores. High contents of TiO2, Fe2O3, MgO, Al2O3, LOI, Ni, Cr and Zr are typical for sediments of glacial stages, among those MIS 7.4 and 6.6 are the most marked. Peaks in the Fe2O3 content and coinciding low Fe2O3/MnO ratios during glacials indicate reducing condition in the sediments. This is also supported by enrichments in P2O5 and MnO, indicating an increased abundance of authigenic fine grained vivianite. Some elemental ratios indicate an enhanced alteration of glacial sediments accompanied by a loss of mobile elements, like Na, Ca, K and Sr. The higher alteration of sediments can presumably be traced back to changes in the sedimentation regime and diagenetic processes, and thus, reflects environmental changes.
Radon monitoring as a possible indicator of tectonic events
Authors: Outkin V. I. , Kozlova I. A. , Yurkov A. K. , Dutta P. K. , Mishra O. P. , Naskar M. K.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. The proposed work describes research into the behavior of radon (VAR-volume activity of radon) excreted from the array. Radon migration and its selection from the array depends on the porosity, permeability and fractures in the array. A drastic change in the strength of an array and reset the elastic stresses by external forces (earthquake) occurs when certain changes in the structure of the array as the compressive and tensile strength of the array.
Regional atmospheric composition modeling with CHIMERE
Authors: Menut L. , Bessagnet B. , Khvorostyanov D. , Beekmann M. , Colette A. , Coll I. , Curci G. , Foret G. , Hodzic A. , Mailler S. , Meleux F. , Monge J.-L. , Pison I. , Turquety S. , Valari M. , Vautard R. , Vivanco M. G.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Tropospheric trace gas and aerosol pollutants have adverse effects on health, environment and climate. In order to quantify and mitigate such effects, a wide range of processes leading to the formation and transport of pollutants must be considered, understood and represented in numerical models. Regional scale pollution episodes result from the combination of several factors: high emissions (from anthropogenic or natural sources), stagnant meteorological conditions, velocity and efficiency of the chemistry and the deposition. All these processes are highly variable in time and space, and their relative importance to the pollutants budgets can be quantified within a chemistry-transport models (CTM). The offline CTM CHIMERE model uses meteorological model fields and emissions fluxes and calculates deterministically their behavior in the troposphere. The calculated three-dimensional fields of chemical concentrations can be compared to measurements to analyze past periods or used to make air quality forecasts and CHIMERE has enabled a fine understanding of pollutants transport during numerous measurements campaigns. It is a part of the PREVAIR french national forecast platform, delivering pollutant concentrations up to three days in advance. The model also allows scenario studies and long term simulations for pollution trends. The modelling of photochemical air pollution has reached a good level of maturity, and the latest projects involving CHIMERE now aim at increasing our understanding of pollution impact on health at the urban scale or at the other end of the spectrum for long term air quality and climate change interlinkage studies, quantifying the emissions and transport of pollen, but also, at a larger scale, analyzing the transport of pollutants plumes emitted by volcanic eruptions and forest fires.
Sensitivity of remote aerosol distributions to representation of cloud-aerosol interactions in a global climate model
Authors: Wang H. , Easter R. C. , Rasch P. J. , Wang M. , Liu X. , Ghan S. J. , Qian Y. , Yoon J.-H. , Ma P.-L. , Velu V.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Many global aerosol and climate models, including the widely used Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5), have large biases in predicting aerosols in remote regions such as upper troposphere and high latitudes. In this study, we conduct CAM5 sensitivity simulations to understand the role of key processes associated with aerosol transformation and wet removal affecting the vertical and horizontal long-range transport of aerosols to the remote regions. Improvements are made to processes that are currently not well represented in CAM5, which are guided by surface and aircraft measurements together with results from a multi-scale aerosol-climate model (PNNL-MMF) that explicitly represents convection and aerosol-cloud interactions at cloud-resolving scales. We pay particular attention to black carbon (BC) due to its importance in the Earth system and the availability of measurements. We introduce into CAM5 a new unified scheme for convective transport and aerosol wet removal with explicit aerosol activation above convective cloud base. This new implementation reduces the excessive BC aloft to better simulate observed BC profiles that show decreasing mixing ratios in the mid- to upper-troposphere. After implementing this new unified convective scheme, we examine wet removal of submicron aerosols that occurs primarily through cloud processes. The wet removal depends strongly on the sub-grid scale liquid cloud fraction and the rate of conversion of liquid water to precipitation. These processes lead to very strong wet removal of BC and other aerosols over mid- to high latitudes during winter months. With our improvements, the Arctic BC burden has a10-fold (5-fold) increase in the winter (summer) months, resulting in a much better simulation of the BC seasonal cycle as well. Arctic sulphate and other aerosol species also increase but to a lesser extent. An explicit treatment of BC aging with slower aging assumptions produces an additional 30-fold (5-fold) increase in the Arctic winter (summer) BC burden. This BC aging treatment, however, has minimal effect on other under-predicted species. Interestingly, our modifications to CAM5 that aim at improving prediction of high-latitude and upper tropospheric aerosols also produce much better aerosol optical depth over various other regions globally when compared to multi-year AERONET retrievals. The improved aerosol distributions have impacts on other aspects of CAM5, improving the simulation of global mean liquid water path and cloud forcing.
Inter-comparison of four remote sensing based surface energy balance methods to retrieve surface evapotranspiration and water stress of irrigated fields in semi-arid climate
Authors: Chirouze J. , Boulet G. , Jarlan L. , Fieuzal R. , Rodriguez J. C. , Ezzahar J. , Er-Raki S. , Bigeard G. , Merlin O. , Garatuza-Payan J. , Watts C. , Chehbouni G.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Remotely sensed surface temperature can provide a good proxy for water stress level and is therefore particularly useful to estimate spatially distributed evapotranspiration. Instantaneous stress levels or instantaneous latent heat flux are deduced from the surface energy balance equation constrained by this equilibrium temperature. Pixel average surface temperature depends on two main factors: stress and vegetation fraction cover. Methods estimating stress vary according to the way they treat each factor. Two families of methods can be defined: the contextual methods, where stress levels are scaled on a given image between hot/dry and cool/wet pixels for a particular vegetation cover, and single-pixel methods which evaluate latent heat as the residual of the surface energy balance for one pixel independently from the others. Four models, two contextual (S-SEBI and a triangle method, inspired by Moran et al., 1994) and two single-pixel (TSEB, SEBS) are applied at seasonal scale over a four by four km irrigated agricultural area in semi-arid northern Mexico. Their performances, both at local and spatial standpoints, are compared relatively to energy balance data acquired at seven locations within the area, as well as a more complex soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer model forced with true irrigation and rainfall data. Stress levels are not always well retrieved by most models, but S-SEBI as well as TSEB, although slightly biased, show good performances. Drop in model performances is observed when vegetation is senescent, mostly due to a poor partitioning both between turbulent fluxes and between the soil/plant components of the latent heat flux and the available energy. As expected, contextual methods perform well when extreme hydric and vegetation conditions are encountered in the same image (therefore, esp. in spring and early summer) while they tend to exaggerate the spread in water status in more homogeneous conditions (esp. in winter).
Area and volume loss of the glaciers in the Ortles-Cevedale group (Eastern Italian Alps): controls and imbalance of the remaining glaciers
Authors: Carturan L. , Filippi R. , Seppi R. , Gabrielli P. , Notarnicola C. , Bertoldi L. , Paul F. , Rastner P. , Cazorzi F. , Dinale R. , Dalla Fontana G.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. A widespread loss of glacier area and volume was observed in the European Alps since the 1980s. Besides differences among various regions of the Alps, different responses characterize neighboring glaciers within the same region. In this study we describe the glacier changes in the Ortles-Cevedale group, the largest glacierized area in the Italian Alps. We characterize the drivers, the spatial variability and the main factors controlling the current loss of ice in this region by comparing glacier extents and snow covered areas derived from Landsat images acquired in 1987 and 2009. Glacier outlines were obtained from a band ratio with manual corrections and snow was classified from a near infrared image after topographic correction. The total glacierized area shrank by 23% in this period, with no significant changes in the mean altitude of the glaciers. The snowline is now 240 m higher than in the 1960s and 1970s. From the snow covered area of 2009, which fairly represents the extent of the accumulation areas over the last decade, we estimate that about 50% of the remaining glacier surfaces have to melt away to re-establish equilibrium with present climatic conditions. The average geodetic mass budget rate, calculated for 112 ice bodies by differencing two Digital Terrain Models (DTMs), ranged from −0.15 to −1.50 m w.e. a−1, averaging −0.68 m w.e. a−1. A correlation analysis of mass budgets vs. topographic variables confirmed the important role of the hypsometry in controlling area and volume loss of larger glaciers, while a higher variability characterizes smaller glaciers and glacierets, likely due to the increasing importance of local topo-climatic conditions.
A Cohort-based Learning Community Enhances Academic Success and Satisfaction with University Experience for First-Year Students
Authors: Goldman Corey A
Published: January 2013

Assessment of a successful cohort-based learning communities program for first-year undergraduate students shows that students in the program perform better academically and also report a higher level of satisfaction with their university experience than students who are not in the program. Students enrolled in arts and science at the University of Toronto, who take several large-enrolment courses in their first year, may optionally participate in the First-Year Learning Communities (FLC) program, designed to assist with the academic and social transition from high school to university. In this Freshman Interest Group model of learning community, the curriculum across the clustered courses is not linked. The FLC program was assessed over a five-year period, using student academic records and self-reported survey data. This paper also provides details on program design and implementation.
L’évaluation d’un programme de communautés d’apprentissage fondées sur les cohortes pour les étudiants de première année du premier cycle qui a obtenu du succès montre que ceux qui sont inscrits à ce programme ont de meilleurs résultats scolaires et sont plus satisfaits de leur expérience universitaire que les autres. Les étudiants inscrits en arts et sciences à l’Université de Toronto, qui suivent plusieurs cours de première année où il y a de nombreux inscrits, peuvent participer au programme de communautés d’apprentissage la première année (CAPA) qui vise à les aider à effectuer la transition entre l’école secondaire et l’université sur le plan scolaire et social. Dans ce modèle de communautés d’apprentissage destiné au groupe d’intérêts particuliers des étudiants de première année, il n’y a pas de lien entre les programmes d’études des participants. Les chercheurs ont évalué le programme pendant cinq ans à partir des dossiers scolaires des étudiants et des données d’un sondage réalisé auprès d’eux. Le présent article fournit aussi des détails sur l’élaboration et la mise en œuvre du programme.
Early Experience with a Newly Developed Electrospun Polycarbonate-urethane Vascular Graft for Hemodialysis Access
Authors: Ferraresso Mariano , Bertoli Silvio , Nobili Paolo , Bortolani Ettore Maria
Published: January 2013

Purpose

In this pilot study, we tested a newly developed electrospun multilayered, self-sealing graft, AVflo™, specifically designed for early hemodialysis access.

Methods

Ten eligible consenting patients had a polycarbonate-urethane graft (AVflo™) implanted and were followed up prospectively for at least six months. Performance measures included graft patency, complications and time to first cannulation. Mean age of the patients was 66.7 ± 10 years. Chronic glomerulonephritis was the most common cause of renal failure. A total of 70% of the patients had a history of previous vascular access and 40% history of minimally invasive radiologic procedures for patency maintenance. In 40% of the cases the need for AV graft implantation was because of recurrent infections from permanent catheter for dialysis. Seven grafts were placed in the upper arm and three in the thigh. Mean follow up was 230 ± 75 days.

Results

There were no systemic or local reactions to the graft and we did not report any graft infections. Two grafts thrombosed because of severe bleeding post-cannulation due to an incorrect needle puncture. Both grafts were successfully thrombectomized. Primary and secondary patency rates at six months were 60% and 78%, respectively. These patency rates were comparable to those reported for other polyether-urethane and ePTFE grafts. Median time to first cannulation was seven days (3-21) and all puncture sites sealed in less than five minutes.

Conclusions

This newly developed electrospun polycarbonate-urethane graft is safe in humans, permits early access obviating the need for venous catheters, and has equivalent patency as other prosthetic grafts.
Femoro-saphenous Arteriovenous Access-related Lower Limb Ischemia Treated by Distal Arteries Percutaneous Angioplasty
Authors: Morata Alejandro Rodriguez , Bouckenooghe Isabel , Beelen Roel , Maene Lieven
Published: January 2013

This is the first reported case of transposed femoro-saphenous angio-access complicated after four years by distal ischemia, which was successfully treated by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of the distal femoral and popliteal artery. Endovascular recanalization and angioplasty of the distal vessels offers a minimally invasive approach with preservation of the angio-access in these patients with high comorbidities.
Genomic Biorepository of Coastal Marine Species in Estero Padre Ramos and Estero Real, Nicaragua
Authors: Huete-Pérez Jorge A. , Mendoza-Ramírez Eduardo , Páiz-Medina Lucía
Published: January 2013

Nicaragua, located in southern Mesoamerica between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, has acted as a land bridge for flora and fauna migrating between North and South America during the last 3 million years. Because of Nicaragua’s location and history, it is rich in terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity. To study this biodiversity and preserve it for the future, Nicaragua’s Molecular Biology Center at the University of Central America (CBM-UCA) created the Genomic Biorepository Project. The Project collects and catalogs coastal marine biodiversity in the Estero Real and Padre Ramos estuaries, located in Nicaragua’s northern Pacific region.The biorepository holds more than three thousand tissue and genomic specimens, comprising 1,049 samples (714 specimens from Estero Padre Ramos and 335 from Estero Real) belonging to 100 species and 54 families, genomic extracts in triplicates for every sample collected and environmental sandy sediments representing 60 different sites. Changes in the biological composition of the region were documentedas compared to previous sampling. Of the 1,049 samples obtained from the two estuaries, 30 new residents were recorded in Estero Real, and 19 in Estero Padre Ramos. The Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene was sequenced for a number of species, including 19 fish species, and published to public databases (BOLD SYSTEMS). The records contained in the genomic biorepository here described lay the foundation for the most complete marine biodiversity database in Nicaragua and is made available to national and international specialists, facilitating knowledge of Nicaraguan biodiversity.
New Volume Change Mechanism Using Metal Bellows for Buoyancy Control Device of Underwater Robots
Authors: Shibuya Koji , Yoshii Sho
Published: January 2013

We propose a new volume change mechanism using a metal bellows for a buoyancy control device of underwater robots and vehicles. Our proposed buoyancy control method utilizes the volume change caused by the phase-change of materials. We chose paraffin wax as a phase-change material because its volume change exceeds other candidates. Our proposed device consists of a metal bellows and an aluminum housing that contains paraffin wax and water. The paraffin wax is heated and cooled by a nichrome wire and a peltier device. We conducted two experiments and confirmed that the heat sink in the aluminum housing increases the speed of the buoyancy change and that the thickness of the air layer is crucial for efficient insulating. Then, we built a prototype robot with the four devices and confirmed that the robot can change its buoyancy up to its maximum value.