bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comorbidity of bipolar disorder and autism spectrum disorder – review paper
Authors: Dunalska Anna , Rzeszutek Marcin , Dębowska Zuzanna , Bryńska Anita
Published: November 2020

Zaburzenia ze spektrum autyzmu (Autism Spectrum Disorders; ASD) to heterogenna grupa zaburzeń neurorozwojowych, która może dotyczyć nawet 2,6% populacji. U większości z tych osób w ciągu życia pojawi się przynajmniej jedno inne zaburzenie psychiczne, często rozpoznane z opóźnieniem lub nie rozpoznane wcale. W tej pracy opisano epidemiologię, trudności diagnostyczne oraz potencjalne leczenie pacjentów z ASD i współwystępującą chorobą afektywną dwubiegunową (CHAD). Wskaźniki rozpowszechnienia CHAD w ASD wahają się od 0% do 31%. Badanie na najliczniejszej grupie dotyczyło 700 000 dzieci i wykazano w nim, że 21% pacjentów z ASD spełniało kiedykolwiek kryteria manii. Na trudności w rozpoznawaniu współwystępowania obu zaburzeń ma wpływ wiele czynników. Ze względu na specyfikę schorzenia pacjenci z ASD mają często ograniczony wgląd w rozumienie złożonych stanów emocjonalnych oraz trudno je komunikują. Co więcej, objawy CHAD są w przypadku tej grupy niespecyficzne i różnią się od tych występujących w populacji ogólnej, co utrudnia postawienie rozpoznania nawet doświadczonym lekarzom. Mimo braku badań dotyczących ich trafności w grupie pacjentów z ASD do stawiania diagnoz stosowane są narzędzia psychometryczne stworzone do ewaluacji populacji ogólnej. Farmakoterapia przy współwystępującymi CHAD i zaburzeniach ze spektrum autyzmu jest niewystarczająco zbadana i opiera się głównie na seriach przypadków. Ta praca ma na celu pokazanie stanu obecnej wiedzy oraz obszarów, które wymagają dalszego dokładnego zbadania.
Qualitative analysis of the health promotion work in a Academia da Saúde programme's unit
Authors: Ferreira Heidi Jancer , Kirk David , Janotta Drigo Alexandre
Published: November 2020

The Academia da Saúde programme has been considered an important health promotion strategy in the scope of primary health care in Brazil. However, there is little evidence on what and how professional practices have been developed as a means to enact health promotion processes in the programme. The study´s purpose was to analyse the health promotion work in a Academia da Saúde programme´s unit from Lajeado city, Brazil. The study employed a qualitative approach and grounded theory research method. Participants included a female Health and Physical Education professional (aged 32y), a female health centre coordinator (aged 41y)  and eight users (2 men, 6 women, aged 30-69y). Data were collected through condensed fieldwork, involving interviews and non-participant observation of group sessions. Using salutonegesis theory, qualitative analysis generated key findings on the elements of the health promotion work, namely: holistic care, use of diversification into cognitive, psychosocial and physical activities, development of skills and capacities that served as health resources, and the occurrence of resistance and challenges in the programme. Furthermore, the findings offered practical examples of possibilities to enact health promotion process, which represents a significant contribution to knowledge on health work. The study may support both future interventions and professional education, indicating alternative pathways for practitioners and undergraduate students to widen the scope of health promotion actions beyond the biophysical dimension.
Early detection and treatment for bovine respiratory disease
Authors: Potter Tim
Published: November 2020

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a complex syndrome that can cause significant economic impact on farm through the immediate costs of treatment as well as long-term production losses, and increased risk of mortality or premature departure from the herd. The clinical signs and pathology are due in part to the host's response to inflammatory mediators that are produced in reaction to the presence of the pathogens. Variation in individual animals' responses to the sepsis associated with BRD result in the spectrum of clinical signs and disease severity observed on farm. The variation in clinical picture presents a diagnostic challenge for farmers and can negatively impact disease detection. The use of objective scoring systems for BRD can facilitate the detection and provide a means of monitoring disease at a herd or group level. While antimicrobials remain the mainstay of BRD treatment on farm, the use of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) alongside them has become commonplace, with the aim of promoting more rapid recovery via their analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic actions.
Immune-mediated disorders of the equine eye: part 1 – the cornea
Authors: Robin Matthew
Published: November 2020

Despite the immune-privileged status of the eye, immune-mediated ophthalmic disorders are reasonably common in many species, including the horse. This article (the first of two) discusses those most clinically relevant to the horse and provides practical and up-to-date advice for case management. In all cases, accurate and early identification of the specific disease process occurring is essential to achieving the best outcome for the patient. Quick fixes are rare, and the focus should always be on outlining a clear treatment and management strategy from the outset, to ensure client compliance with what is often a frustrating and difficult process.
PERFORMANCE OPERATIONAL AND COSTS OF MECHANIZED STUMP EXTRACTION SETS
Authors: Correia Tiago Pereira da Silva , Lopes Arthur Gabriel Caldas , Faggion Francisco , Brito Guilherme Rodrigues de , Sousa Saulo Fernando Gomes de
Published: November 2020

Stump extraction can be carried out in different ways, among which the mechanized removal is the most usual in the forestry sector. Information regarding the operation with cutting implements is important in the context of decision taking, operational and economic optimization of the activity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the operational performance and mechanized costs of different stump extractors implements in an eucalyptus harvested area. The work was carried out in an Eucalyptus urograndis clones harvested area where the treatments adopted for removal were the following: agricultural tractor + shredder head (T1), excavator + shovel bucket (T2); excavator + shredder head (T3), excavator + stump shear (T4) and bulldozer mat + stump pullers (5). The experimental design was the completely randomized, with four replications per treatment, where it was evaluated the operational efficiency (Ef), operational field capacity (Ofc), extraction productivity (Ps), hourly fuel consumption (Fch), hourly cost (HC), operational (OC) and by extracted stump (SC). For the conditions of the work, the T5 was the one with the highest Ef, Ofc, and Ps, lowest OC and SC.
Reconfigurable dielectric metasurface for active wavefront modulation based on a phase-change material metamolecule design
Authors: Zhou Changyu , Xie Zhenwei , Zhang Bin , Lei Ting , Li Zhaohui , Du Luping , Yuan Xiaocong
Published: November 2020

Metasurfaces, the promising artificial micro-nano structures with the ability to manipulate the wavefront of light, have been widely studied and reported in recent years. However, dynamic control of the wavefront using dielectric metasurfaces remains a great challenge. Here, unlike the previously reported reconfigurable metasurfaces that offer only binary functions or limited switchable states, we propose and numerically demonstrate an active dielectric metasurface with the metamolecule unit-cell design that enables full-range phase or amplitude tuning in the telecommunications band using the phase-change material Ge2Sb2Se4Te1 (GSST). Selective control of the phase transition of each GSST nanopillar in the metamolecule allows multi-level modulation of the phase and amplitude of the light to be achieved. The functionalities of the structure are validated through the generation of optical vortices, phase-only hologram, and pure amplitude modulation. Benefiting from its dynamic wavefront control capability, the proposed metasurface offers major potential for use in future applications including complex beam steering, optical communications, 3D holograms, and displays.
Piezoelectric mirror shifter transfer function measurement, modelling, and analysis using feedback based synthetic-heterodyne Michelson interferometry
Authors: Connelly Michael J. , Galeti José Henrique , Kitano Cláudio
Published: November 2020

Laser vibrometry has many applications in non-contact dynamic displacement and vibration measurement. A test beam reflected from a target and a reference beam are combined and detected by a photodiode; the photodetected signal is then processed to determine the target displacement and vibration. This paper describes the use of a 9 kHz measurement bandwidth system, consisting of a Michelson interferometer and self-correcting feedback synthetic-heterodyne signal processing technique, to measure the displacement impulse response of a commercial piezoelectric mirror shifter (PMS), consisting of a mirror mounted on a Piezoelectric transducer and a connecting 50 Ω electrical coaxial cable. The actual non-ideal applied impulse and measured impulse response data were used in conjunction with the instrument variable method to determine a Laplace domain linear transfer function approximation to the actual PMS transfer function. The best transfer function fitting, having a 84% normalized root mean square goodness of fit, was obtained using a 5-th order transfer function having two complex conjugate pole pairs, with associated natural frequencies of 6.29 and 6.79 kHz, and a single real pole. The transfer function zeros consisted of a single complex conjugate zero pair, having an antiresonance frequency of 6.38 kHz and a single real zero. Knowing the analytic transfer function of PMS based nanopositioners is useful for example in the design of closed-loop phase-locked interferometers for wideband sensing.
Unique referral system contributes to long-term net clinical benefits in patients undergoing secondary prevention therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Kageyama Shigetaka , Murata Koichiro , Nawada Ryuzo , Onodera Tomoya , Maekawa Yuichiro
Published: November 2020

Cardiovascular disease, including ischemic heart disease, is a leading cause of death worldwide. Improvement of the secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease is necessary. We established a unique referral system to connect hospitals and outpatient clinics to coordinate care between general practitioners and cardiologists. Here, we evaluated the impact and long-term benefits of our system for ischemic heart disease patients undergoing secondary prevention therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention. This single-center retrospective observational study included 3658 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention at Shizuoka City Hospital between 2010 and 2019. After percutaneous coronary intervention, patients were considered conventional outpatients (conventional follow-up group) or subjected to our unique referral system (referral system group) at the attending cardiologist’s discretion. To audit compliance of the treatment with the latest Japanese guidelines, we adopted a circulation-type referral system, whereby general practitioners needed to refer registered patients at least once a year, even if no cardiac events occurred. Clinical events in each patient were evaluated. Net adverse clinical events were defined as a combination of major adverse cardiac, cerebrovascular, and major bleeding events. There were 2241 and 1417 patients in the conventional follow-up and referral system groups, with mean follow-ups of 1255 and 1548 days and cumulative net adverse clinical event incidences of 27.6% and 21.5%, respectively. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the occurrence of net adverse clinical events was significantly lower in the referral system group than in the conventional follow-up group (log-rank: P<0.001). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that the unique referral system was a significant predictor of the net clinical benefits (hazard ratio: 0.56, 95% confidence interval: 0.37–0.83, P = 0.004). This result was consistent after propensity-score matching. In summary, our unique referral system contributed to long-term net clinical benefits for the secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention.
Becoming designer/researcher/teacher: Working towards decolonization of/through design in South African higher education
Authors: Perold-Bull Karolien
Published: November 2020

This article provides a new materialist perspective on design education within the context of decolonization in a South African higher education institution. It reflects on a specific case of design/research/teaching that transpired within the context of the Visual Communication Design curriculum at Stellenbosch University. A post-qualitative approach was followed; i.e. the researcher actively worked at resisting pre-conceived hierarchies and differences not just in thinking about the research, but also in its doing. The research demonstrated that decolonization requires relentless processes of collaborative resistance and that active commitment to new materialist praxis can positively contribute to individuals becoming more attuned to recognizing moments of transformation within their situated present. It was found that integrating creative play with representational media such as text and layout design within the research process facilitated this. The more transformative moments became visible and felt, the more ‘real’ decolonization seemed to become.
‘Get out of my fandom, newbie’: A cross-fandom study of elitism and gatekeeping in fans
Authors: Plante Courtney N. , Reysen Stephen , Chadborn Daniel , Roberts Sharon E. , Gerbasi Kathleen C.
Published: November 2020

In the present article we discuss three studies aimed at better understanding elitism in the context of fan groups. The studies assess different facets of elitism, predictors of elitism and the potential outcomes associated with holding elitist beliefs. The survey studies were conducted on members of three distinct fan groups: furries (fans of media featuring anthropomorphized animal characters), bronies (adult fans of the television seriesMy Little Pony) and anime fans (fans of Japanese animation). Elitism was found to include both self-inflation and other-derogation and is predicted by two components of fan identity (fanship and fandom). Elitism was also significantly associated with pro-gatekeeping attitudes and behaviours. Practical and theoretical implications for fan culture are discussed. We also discuss the limitations of the studies and their ability to contribute to a discussion about creating inclusive fan spaces.
El marketing con causa como herramienta para promover comportamientos sostenibles al visitar áreas naturales protegidas como destinos turísticos
Authors: Ruiz-Trigueros Martha Virginia , González Damián Alfonso
Published: November 2020

El desarrollo sostenible y su influencia en la práctica turística dependen en gran medida de las decisiones del turista y su comportamiento, el cual se puede incentivar a través de herramientas de marketing. Este artículo tiene el propósito de profundizar en la conceptualización de algunas aproximaciones y vertientes del marketing que persiguen objetivos de corte social y ambiental, cuya comparación y reflexión han sido poco estudiadas, para reflexionar sobre el potencial del marketing con causa en la promoción de comportamientos sostenibles en los turistas, en lo referente a visitar áreas naturales protegidas como destinos turísticos. Se propone un marco de referencia que comprende: 1) el turismo sostenible visto como un comportamiento sostenible, 2) las áreas naturales protegidas y su potencial turístico sostenible y 3) las diferentes aproximaciones del marketing que tienen objetivos de corte social y ambiental, y la conceptualización del marketing con causa. En este trabajo se discute la manera en la que se han estudiado estos tres puntos, se identifican las deficiencias encontradas hasta el momento, y se establecen posibles líneas para investigaciones futuras.
O turismo cinematográfico pelas lentes da teoria do ator-rede
Authors: Duarte Rômulo , Teles Adonai , Fonseca Filho Ari da S.
Published: November 2020

O turismo cinematográfico explora a influência de produtos audiovisuais sobre turistas e destinos turísticos. Este artigo teve como objetivo descrever o turismo cinematográfico com base nos preceitos teórico-metodológicos da Teoria do Ator-Rede (ANT). Na sua face de método, a ANT propõe a descrição de um fenômeno a partir de diferentes técnicas de pesquisa, dentre elas, o discurso dos atores envolvidos. Com base nessa orientação, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com profissionais da gestão pública e iniciativa privada dos setores turístico e audiovisual, de modo a descrever o fenômeno do turismo cinematográfico. O resultado das entrevistas foi triangulado com aquilo que se apurou na revisão de literatura, gerando o relato aqui apresentado. O estudo revelou que a vocação cinematográfica do Rio de Janeiro é utilizada como discurso de atração das produções audiovisuais para a cidade e que há falta de vínculos mais profundos entre os setores de turismo e audiovisual da cidade. A centralidade e a hipertrofia de um dos atores, a existência de atores invisíveis e alguns desmontados ao longo do caminho foram detectados durante a pesquisa. O setor do turismo local não se relaciona com o setor audiovisual e há nessa relação uma oportunidade de expansão de negócios inexplorada.
Foreign Portfolio Investment And Human Capital Development In Nigeria 2005-2019
Authors: Ighoroje James Ese , Emmanuel Akpokerere Othuke
Published: November 2020

Following the saving – investment gap resulting from shortfalls of savings suffered by developing economies it has become fashionable to embrace foreign capital inflow as an essential complementing alternative supply of funds for domestic investment. This study investigates the effect of foreign portfolio investment on human capital development in Nigeria covering the period 2005-2019. Foreign portfolio investment, the explanatory variable is disaggregated intoforeign portfolio equity (FPIE) and foreign portfolio bonds (FPIB), while exchange rate is included as the control variable. The Human Capital Development – the dependent variable is represented by the Human Development Index (HDI). Econometric techniques,including Descriptive Statistics,Augmented Dickey Fuller tests for unit roots, Error Correction Model (ECM), and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) Regression analysis were used. The study showed foreign portfolio investment in equity has positive and significant effect on human capital development while foreign portfolio investment in bonds has positive but insignificant effect. The study thus concluded that foreign portfolio investment has positive effect on human capital development and has helped to improve human capacity necessary for economic development in Nigeria. The study reiterated the need for eye-catching polices that will attract greater foreign portfolio investment in both equity and bonds in the stock market which could be achieved by greater openness.
COMPETENCE AND SUITABILITY OF THE SECURITY FUNCTION IN CONTROLLING ENTRY OF COUNTERFEIT PRODUCTS THROUGH THE PORT OF MOMBASA, KENYA
Authors: Mwalu Hudson , Mwaeke Panuel
Published: November 2020

This study has been triggered by increase of counterfeit goods in the local markets whose origin is outside Kenya. This study sought to establish the competence and suitability of the security function in controlling entry of counterfeit products through the port of Mombasa. Despite the government putting measures to control entry of counterfeits. The existence of counterfeit goods in the market has led to Kenyans not to get value for money on purchase or end up using goods that might have negative health implications. The government has lost revenue by tax evasion or tax underpayments, money that can be used for infrastructure development in our country. This study examined influence of policy on increased control of counterfeit products at the port of Mombasa and how security personnel employ the policies in controlling entry of counterfeits. This study also assessed the knowledge on counterfeits of security personnel at the port of Mombasa and how this contributes to controlling counterfeiting. This study was anchored on two theories namely two factor theory of motivation and Vroom`s expectancy theory of motivation to describe the behavior of security personnel who are involved in controlling entry of counterfeits. This study utilized descriptive research design and the target population was a total of 248 security personnel drawn from different security agencies who are charged directly with detection and control of counterfeits at the port of Mombasa. This study applied probability sampling design by utilizing stratified random sampling techniques as well as purposive sampling to specifically select a sample size of 106 respondents from the study population. A semi structured questionnaire was the major data collection tools of this study. Gathered data was analyzed quantitatively, aided by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) where averages were computed and findings presented using tables and charts. Findings and recommendations are expected to help reduce or completely curb counterfeits in Kenyan markets as well as provide basis for future research. In all, 57% of the respondent indicated that there was a link between the working conditions and the efficiency of the Security personnel. Working conditions, training, policies and deployment levels influences the efficiency of the security personnel to a level of 90.4 percent. The recommendations from the study are: the government and other relevant agencies should be involved in policy making. The oversight bodies, enforcement agencies and other regulatory agencies should work under one body and involve the National Intelligence and the Directorate of Criminal intelligence for surveillance.
The Hidden Curriculum and Classroom Procedure: Informed Personal Views of Teachers
Authors: Boadu Kankam , Boadu Gideon , Nyame Gloria
Published: November 2020

The study examined how teachers perceived the hidden curriculum.  A sample size of twenty teachers was purposively selected and involved in the study. Data were collected through interviews, and the emerging themes formed the focus of the analyses. The study found that teachers possessed a good understanding of the hidden curriculum and its features. Again, teachers perceived the hidden curriculum as important to the teaching and learning process. It was also observed that due attention should be given to its uses. It was concluded that teachers perceived the hidden curriculum positively as it matters to effective teaching and learning.
Multilevel Approach to Exploring Predictors of College Readiness in Reading and Mathematics
Authors: Subedi Bidya Raj , Russell Clement
Published: November 2020

For high school graduates and non-graduates, this paper explored significant student and school level predictors of college readiness in reading and mathematics for 9,952 students from 52 schools in one of the largest school districts in the United States. This study employed a two-level Hierarchical Generalized Linear Model (HGLM) that included student level (level-1) and school level (level-2) predictors in order to predict three categories of college readiness formed in combination with high school graduates and non-graduates. The results presented the list of significant predictors and across-school variances for predicting college readiness in reading and mathematics. The results found several academic, behavioral, and demographic predictors at student and school levels producing significant effects on college readiness in reading and mathematics. The across-school variance components for predicting the probabilities of mastery in college readiness both in reading and mathematics are found significant.
Body Composition in Elite Strongman Competitors
Authors: Kraemer William J. , Caldwell Lydia K. , Post Emily M. , DuPont William H. , Martini Emily R. , Ratamess Nicholas A. , Szivak Tunde K. , Shurley Jason P. , Beeler Matthew K. , Volek Jeff S. , Maresh Carl M. , Todd Janice S. , Walrod Bryant J. , Hyde Parker N. , Fairman Ciaran , Best Thomas M.
Published: November 2020

Kraemer, WJ, Caldwell, LK, Post, EM, DuPont, WH, Martini, ER, Ratamess, NA, Szivak, TK, Shurley, JP, Beeler, MK, Volek, JS, Maresh, CM, Todd, JS, Walrod, BJ, Hyde, PN, Fairman, C, and Best, TM. Body composition in elite strongman competitors. J Strength Cond Res 34(12): 3326–3330, 2020—The purpose of this descriptive investigation was to characterize a group of elite strongman competitors to document the body composition of this unique population of strength athletes. Data were collected from eligible competitors as part of a health screening program conducted over 5 consecutive years. Imaging was acquired using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), providing total body measures of fat mass, lean mass, and bone mineral content (BMC). Year to year, testing groups showed a homogenous grouping of anthropometric, body composition, and bone density metrics. Composite averages were calculated to provide an anthropometric profile of the elite strongman competitor (N = 18; mean ± SD): age, 33.0 ± 5.2 years; body height, 187.4 ± 7.1 cm; body mass, 152.9 ± 19.3 kg; body mass index, 43.5 ± 4.8 kg·m−2; fat mass, 30.9 ± 11.1 kg; lean mass, 118.0 ± 11.7 kg, body fat, 18.7 ± 6.2%, total BMC, 5.23 ± 0.41 kg, and bone mineral density, 1.78 ± 0.14 g·cm−2. These data demonstrate that elite strongman competitors are among the largest human male athletes, and in some cases, they are at the extreme limits reported for body size and structure. Elite strongman competitors undergo a high degree of mechanical stress, providing further insight into the potent role of physical training in mediating structural remodeling even into adulthood. Such data provide a glimpse into a unique group of competitive athletes pushing the limits not only of human performance but also of human physiology.
Learning about Mushrooms Is Influenced by Survival Processing
Authors: Fančovičová Jana , Szikhart Mário , Prokop Pavol
Published: November 2020

The human brain is limited by its capacity and incapable of memorizing all information. The memory system evolved to give preference to memory information related to maintaining and increasing individual fitness. We have chosen fungi, a heavily neglected area in science education research, to investigate which kind of information about mushrooms will be better retained by secondary school students. Furthermore, we investigated whether information about mushroom toxicity is better retained when presented only orally or in combination with a written text. The research sample consisted of 160 secondary school students from Slovakia. Pretest/posttest experimental between-subject and within-subject design was used to examine research questions. Data were collected through questionnaires (using a Likert response scale). We found that survival-relevant information (i.e., mushroom toxicity) was retained significantly better than survival-irrelevant information (i.e., mushroom naming and occurrence), but there were no differences in recall between the presentation conditions. Unexpectedly, male students retained information about mushroom toxicity significantly better than female students. Our results suggest that information retention by secondary school students in regard to mushrooms that cause serious poisoning is in accordance with evolutionary predictions and can be utilized by science teachers.
Background concentrations of mercury in Australian freshwater sediments: The effect of catchment characteristics on mercury deposition
Authors: Lintern A. , Schneider L. , Beck K. , Mariani M. , Fletcher M-S. , Gell P. , Haberle S.
Published: November 2020

Waterways in the Southern Hemisphere, including on the Australian continent, are facing increasing levels of mercury contamination due to industrialization, agricultural intensification, energy production, urbanization, and mining. Mercury contamination undermines the use of waterways as a source of potable water and also has a deleterious effect on aquatic organisms. When developing management strategies to reduce mercury levels in waterways, it is crucial to set appropriate targets for the mitigation of these contaminated waterways. These mitigation targets could be (1) trigger values or default guideline values provided by water and sediment quality guidelines or (2) background (pre-industrialization) levels of mercury in waterways or sediments. The aims of this study were to (1) quantify the differences between existing environmental guideline values for mercury in freshwater lakes and background mercury concentrations and (2) determine the key factors affecting the spatial differences in background mercury concentrations in freshwater lake systems in Australia. Mercury concentrations were measured in background sediments from 21 lakes in Australia. These data indicate that background mercury concentrations in lake sediments can vary significantly across the continent and are up to nine times lower than current sediment quality guidelines in Australia and New Zealand. This indicates that if waterway managers are aiming to restore systems to ‘pre-industrialization’ mercury levels, it is highly important to quantify the site-specific background mercury concentration. Organic matter and precipitation were the main factors correlating with background mercury concentrations in lake sediments. We also found that the geology of the lake catchment correlates to the background mercury concentration of lake sediments. The highest mercury background concentrations were found in lakes in igneous mafic intrusive regions and the lowest in areas underlain by regolith. Taking into account these findings, we provide a preliminary map of predicted background mercury sediment concentrations across Australia that could be used by waterway managers for determining management targets.
Pandemic disruptions in energy and the environment
Authors: Mulvaney Dustin , Busby Joshua , Bazilian Morgan D.
Published: November 2020

Public health measures implemented during the coronavirus pandemic have had significant global impacts on energy systems. Some changes may be ephemeral: as industries go back to work and supply chains relink once production resumes, energy use and emissions have and will continue to rebound. Some may be more durable, such as reductions in commuter and business travel and increases in teleworking. The crisis has exposed the persistent vulnerability of communities of color and those living in poverty, as well as highlighting weaknesses in just-in-time production systems and inequities of supply chains. The social and policy response to the societal impacts of the coronavirus crisis will affect energy systems and the environment in complex and dynamic ways over the long run. Strategic policy responses by nations, communities, organizations, and individuals could go a long way toward reshaping energy systems and impacts on communities and the environment. Here, we highlight themes for continued investigation and research into socioecological interactions between the Great Lockdown and pathways for recovery with a focus on energy systems and the environment.
Métricas de autor Ciro Nolberto Güecha Medina
Authors: Camilo Alejandro Corchuelo Rodriguez , Cristian Alexander Vega Mosquera , Luz Marina Paez
Published: November 2020

Informe de las métricas de autor del Dr. Ciro Nolberto Güecha Medina de las publicaciones indexadas en Google Académico cuyo objetivo es entregar un insumo para el fortalecimiento de las capacidades y potencialidades de los autores de la Universidad Santo Tomás en el posicionamiento y visibilidad de sus publicaciones.
Preparation of a lignin-based composite and its properties
Authors: Li Jian , Li Shujun , Wang Haigang , Yang Yang , Guo Guowan
Published: November 2020

Enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) lignin was modified with formaldehyde. TG-DSC and PY-GC-MS analysis methods were adopted to characterize the differences between EH lignin and the modified lignin. The modified lignin was then mixed with wood sawdust and made into a lignin-based composite under the following conditions: pressure of 2 to 5 MPa, temperature of 175 to 190 oC, and the modified lignin dosage of 20% to 70%. The effects of pressure, temperature, and the modified lignin dosage on the properties of the composites were also evaluated. The pressure of 2 MPa was not enough to make a strong composite, and the composite with low dosage of modified lignin could not resist water, which signifies pressure and the ratio of modified lignin to sawdust are vital factors. Temperatures of 175 oC and 190 oC did not make much difference to change the mechanical properties of the composites. The composites which were made under 3 MPa, 180 oC, and the ratio of 1:1 modified lignin to wood sawdust was of fair quality. The samples made with the modified lignin dosage of 70% under 2MPa at 180 oC for 10min showed a low thickness swelling and low rates of water absorption from humid air and liquid water. Their free formaldehyde contents were also low and met Grade 2 in the national standard of China.
Tenosinovitis de De Quervain: nueva plástica de aumento del continente del primer compartimento dorsal
Authors: Valle Pablo , Cervigni Fernando , Racca Marcelo , Frutos Laura , Grasso Belén
Published: November 2020

Objetivos: Determinar la viabilidad anatómica del aumento del continente del primer compartimento dorsal y comunicar la experiencia clínica de esta nueva técnica comparada con la liberación clásica.

Materiales y Métodos: Estudio anatómico de 12 muñecas cadavéricas para comprobar el aumento del continente del primer compartimento y su relación con la rama sensitiva radial. Estudio clínico retrospectivo que incluyó a pacientes >18 años, sin cirugías previas, con tenosinovitis de De Quervain sin respuesta al tratamiento ortopédico, operados entre enero de 2014 y enero de 2019, y con un seguimiento mínimo de 12 meses. Veintidós pacientes fueron divididos en: grupo A (aumento) y grupo B (liberación simple). La edad promedio era 47 (grupo A) y 50 años (grupo B). La evaluación subjetiva incluyó la escala analógica visual para dolor, el puntaje QuickDASH y el cuestionario de satisfacción PSQ-18; el examen objetivo consistió en evaluaciones goniométrica y dinamométrica.

Resultados: El estudio anatómico demostró un aumento del continente del primer compartimento dorsal y una íntima relación con la rama sensitiva radial. El seguimiento promedio del estudio clínico fue 24 y 50 meses, en los grupos A y B, respectivamente. El puntaje promedio de la escala analógica visual para dolor fue 0,5/10 (grupo A) y 1/10 (grupo B). El índice de satisfacción fue del 97% en ambos grupos. El puntaje QuickDASH, las evaluaciones goniométrica y dinamométrica no arrojaron diferencias significativas.

Conclusión: La nueva plástica de aumento del continente del primer compartimento dorsal para tratar la tenosinovitis de De Quervain en este estudio anatomoclínico resultó eficaz y reproducible.

Palabras clave: Tenosinovitis de De Quervain; aumento; primer compartimento; rama sensitiva radial.Nivel de Evidencia: III
Between Two Revolutions: Cultural Relations between Mexico and Cuba
Authors: Kiddle Amelia M.
Published: November 2020

Este artículo examina el papel que la política exterior del México Revolucionario jugó en las sociedades mexicana y cubana a través de un análisis del viaje de la Brigada Mexicana a La Habana en 1938 y la visita de Fulgencio Batista a México en 1939. Estas misiones de buena voluntad contribuyeron a la formación del estado en México y Cuba. En el caso mexicano evidenció el apoyo internacional a la expropiación petrolera de 1938, y en el caso cubano dio legitimidad al régimen de Batista por su afinidad con la Revolución mexicana. Durante su estancia en México, Batista presenció la conmemoración de la Constitución de 1917. Aunque eso no le influyó a emular el contenido radical de este documento en la constitución cubana de 1940, las dos llevaban peso simbólico en la política populista de ambos países.
Migración y minería en el corregimiento de Carangas (actual Bolivia), siglo XVII
Authors: Gil Montero Raquel
Published: November 2020

Carangas fue uno de los corregimientos de Charcas (actual Bolivia) que más se despobló durante el período colonial, en parte por la obligación que tenía de enviar tributarios para trabajar en las minas e ingenios de Potosí. Esta tendencia demográfica se vio levemente revertida hacia mediados del siglo XVII, cuando se descubrieron en su territorio unas vetas de plata que requirieron trabajadores, aunque en un número relativamente pequeño. En este trabajo se analiza el doble proceso: la salida de mano de obra carangas, destinada a distintos emprendimientos mineros y agrarios, y la llegada de trabajadores así como la redistribución de parte de su población en los asientos mineros locales. Entre los resultados alcanzados destaco que la mitad de la población que había emigrado de Carangas estaba viviendo en algún asiento minero, entre los que sobresale Potosí. Las fuentes presentan algunas dificultades para cuantificar las migraciones, en particular algunas categorías que se utilizaron previamente en estos temas ‑ como la de los forasteros -, aunque incluyen parcialmente el lugar de origen, dato que permite mejorar el análisis.
Together Yet Apart. The Institutional Rift Among Lebanese-Muslims in a South American Triple Frontier and Its Origins
Authors: Elmaleh Omri
Published: November 2020

En octubre de 1988 se inauguró la primera mezquita en la Triple Frontera entre Argentina, Brasil y Paraguay, cuyo nombre despertó disputas antiguas entre los distintos miembros de la comunidad libanesa musulmana de la región, lo que finalmente derivó en la creación de instituciones culturales y religiosas paralelas. Este artículo se basa tanto en historia oral como en la prensa local para ilustrar cómo es que la inauguración de la mezquita y sus consecuencias reflejaban en realidad un profundo desacuerdo entre dos escuelas del Islam, así como tensiones intra religiosas y étnicas del Líbano que fueron "importadas" a la Triple Frontera durante los años 80. Este artículo también argumenta que la brecha ocurrió entre los dirigentes comunitarios, pero no llegó a los miembros de la comunidad ni se vio reflejada en sus vidas diarias.
A Bruta Animalia Latin Fordításai: Antonio Cassarino És Lampugnino Birago
Authors: Gaál Balázs
Published: November 2020

Plutarchos Bruta animalia ratione uti című eleven dialógusából három latin fordítás is készült a XV. század folyamán, melyek csak kéziratban maradtak fenn. Hogy a fordítások belső viszonyait felfedjük, a kézirati szövegek mélyreható elemzésére van szükség. Egy korábbi tanulmányunkban feldolgoztuk Giovanni Regio időben legkésőbbi fordítását (1488), kimutatva azokat a szálakat, amelyek elődje, a milánói Lampugnino Birago fordításához (1465–1470 körül) fűzik. Most a szicíliai Antonio Cassarino legkorábban készült fordításának (1440–1445 körül) a vizsgálatát kívánjuk elvégezni párhuzamosan utódja, Lampugnino Birago negyed évszázaddal későbbi fordításával, hogy összehasonlítsuk módszerüket és stíluseszközeiket. A két fordító megközelítése között lényeges különbség ﬁgyelhető meg. Míg Cassarino a humanista fordításeszményt követve „értelem szerinti” (ad sententiam) fordításra törekszik, addig Birago inkább a „szó szerinti” (ad verbum) fordítás követelményének tesz eleget. A fordításelmélet általános kérdései mellett tárgyaljuk a latin fordítások kézirati hagyományának, görög forrásszövegének, valamint szóhasználatának problémáját.

Plutarch’s lively dialogue Bruta animalia ratione uti was translated in the course of the 15th century by three diﬀerent persons whose works are only extant in manuscripts. For establishing the connections between these translations a thorough study of the texts of the codices is needed. In a previous article, we have dealt with Giovanni Regio’s translation, which is the latest in time (1488), and found traces of the latter’s dependence from the translation of the Milanese Lampugnino Birago (c. 1465–1470). The aim of the present paper is to inquire into the text of the earliest translation by the Sicilian Antonio Cassarino (c. 1440–1445) in parallel with the text of Lampugnino Birago’s translation which followed it after two and a half decades. The diﬀerent translation methods and devices used by the translators provide ample space for comparison. Whereas Cassarino’s approach is more in keeping with the humanist ideal of ‘translation by sense’ (ad sententiam), Birago as a rule follows a principle of ‘translation by word’ (ad verbum), keeping close to the letter. Beyond the questions of translation theory in general problems relating to the textual tradition of the Latin codices, the possible Greek sources of the translations, and a number of lexical matters are discussed.
Treatment outcomes of a CBT-based group intervention for adolescents with Internet use disorders
Authors: Szász-Janocha Carolin , Vonderlin Eva , Lindenberg Katajun
Published: November 2020

Background and aims

Instances of Internet use disorders (IUD) including Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and non-gaming pathological Internet use (ng-PIU) have the extent that they are now a growing mental health issue. Individuals suffering from IUD show a large range of symptoms, high comorbidities and impairments in different areas of life. To date there is a lack of efficient and evidence-based treatment programs for such adolescents. The present registered single-arm trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03582839) aimed to investigate the long-term effects of a brief manualized cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program for adolescents with IUD.

Methods

N = 54 patients (16.7% female), aged 9–19 years (M = 13.48, SD = 1.72) received the CBT group program PROTECT+. IUD symptom severity (primary outcome variable) as well as comorbid symptoms, risk-related variables and potentially protective skills (secondary outcome variables) were assessed at pretest, posttest, as well as 4 and 12 months after admission.

Results

Patients showed a significant reduction in IUD symptom severity at the 12-month follow-up. Effect sizes were medium to large depending on the measure. Beyond the statistical significance, the clinical significance was confirmed using the reliable change index. Secondary outcome variables showed a significant reduction in self-reported depression, social anxiety, performance anxiety and school anxiety as well as in parental-reported general psychopathology.

Discussion and conclusions

The present study shows long-term effects of a manual-based CBT treatment for adolescents suffering from IUD. The results indicate that even a 4-session brief intervention can achieve a medium to large effect over 12 months. Future work is needed to confirm the efficacy within a randomized controlled trial (RCT).
Substitute addictions in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sinclair Deborah Louise , Vanderplasschen Wouter , Savahl Shazly , Florence Maria , Best David , Sussman Steve
Published: November 2020

The global spread of COVID-19, subsequent stay-at-home requirements, spatial distancing measures, and long-term isolation present additional challenges for persons in recovery. Using an illustrative case from South Africa, we discuss COVID-19 related pornography use through the lens of relapse and substitute addiction. South Africa is the epicenter of the pandemic in Africa, and has issued an alcohol and cigarette ban. Historical examples suggest that responses to forced abstinence may include compliance and abstinence, but also seeking alternatives to the original addiction and substitution. Substitution of alternative activities/objects may provide similar appetitive effects to fill the void of the terminated addictive behavior, temporarily or in the long-term. While substitutes do not necessarily portend a relapse, coupled with isolation and reduced recovery support, they can potentiate relapse to the former or ‘new’ addictive behavior. Addiction professionals should be aware of the potential for such negative impacts during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Barriers and Enablers Provided by Hindu Beliefs and Practices for People with Disabilities in India
Authors: Wilson Andrew
Published: November 2020

Background: Faith beliefs, and associated cultural beliefs, play an important role in affecting responses to disability. There is no systematic review of how Hindu beliefs affect approaches to people with disabilities. The majority of the world’s Hindus live in India, as do a large number of people with disabilities. Therefore, this article seeks to explore the positive and negative ways that Hindu beliefs affect people with disabilities in India.
Methods: We undertook a scoping review of the available literature aiming to explore the barriers and enablers for people with disabilities provided by Hindu beliefs and practices. The databases PubMed, Scopus, and PsycInfo were systematically searched and several additional articles from other sources were included from searching the grey literature.
Results: Historically, the literature indicates that Indian, Hindu, karmic beliefs have advanced the view that people with disabilities are deserving of their condition. This literature suggests that this view continues into the present and can lead to stigmatisation of both people with disabilities and their families. In turn, this karmic understanding of disability can discourage people with disabilities from accessing medical treatment. Additionally, certain Hindu tribal remedies for disability may cause bodily harm and prevent the person with disability from receiving allopathic treatment. It was also documented that the attitude of Indian doctors toward people with disabilities are negatively affected by Hindu beliefs. One research study suggested that karmic beliefs can benefit families of people with disabilities by providing them with a context for suffering.
Conclusion: The study shows that Hindu religious belief effects, mostly negatively, the response to disability. This is important to consider when undertaking disability and inclusive development activities in India.
Asha’s response to COVID-19: Providing care to slum communities in India
Authors: Peteet Jean Oulund , Hempton Louanne , Peteet John R. , Martin Kiran
Published: November 2020

Slum populations, the most vulnerable to COVID-19, are emerging as hotspots for transmission of the virus. Comprehensive strategies for addressing this challenge exist, but reports of effective models for implementing them have been lacking. Asha, a 33-year old health and community development organization in Delhi, India has responded to the pandemic by activating well-developed networks in the community to enact a range of interventions with encouraging results. The success of Asha in controlling COVID-19 in the slums reflects the realization of the values Asha promotes in the community: dignity, empowerment, justice, non-violence, compassion, gratitude, generosity, optimism, joy, and simplicity. Although developed by a team of Christians and those of other faiths on Asha’s staff, these values enjoy broad-based support within a pluralistic, Hindu-influenced society.