bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1500 Euro Preisgeld
Authors: Franka Köhler
Published: July 2017

Im Jahr 2017 werden die AfnP e. V. und die
Dialyse aktuell
zum elften Mal den Förderpreis Nephrologische Pflege vergeben. Das Preisgeld von 1500 Euro stiftet der Georg Thieme Verlag.
Das abdominale Aortenaneurysma
Authors: Trenner Matthias , Reutersberg Benedikt , Busch Albert , Stoklasa Kerstin , Eckstein Hans-Henning
Published: July 2017

Das abdominale Aortenaneurysma (AAA) ist das häufigste Aneurysma der großen Arterien. Die offen-chirurgische oder endovaskuläre Therapie ist die einzige Option, eine unmittelbar lebensbedrohliche Aneurysmaruptur zu verhindern. Der folgende Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über den aktuellen Wissensstand zu Epidemiologie, Pathogenese, Diagnostik und Ultraschall-Screening sowie Therapie des AAA. Zusätzlich werden Behandlungsdaten von 965 AAA-Patienten aus der eigenen Klinik vorgestellt.
Congenital Pulmonary Lymphangiectasia: A Disorder not only of Fetoneonates
Authors: Yuan Shi-Min
Published: July 2017

Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia (CPL) is a rare developmental disorder of the lung, characterized by dilation of pulmonary subpleural, interlobar, perivascular and peribronchial lymphatics. The incidence of CPL among stillborn and neonates was estimated to be <1%. The etiology of CPL is unknown. However, it has been suspected to be of a genetic background. Recent basic studies revealed that it might be caused by the FOXC2, Vegfr-3 and integrin α9β1gene mutations. A clinical diagnosis of CPL can be made much easier in full-term neonates who present with respiratory distress, pleural (especially chylous) effusions with or without generalized edema. In infancy, the diagnosis seems to be more difficult due to the nonspecific respiratory symptoms like persistent tachypnea, cough and wheeze. Lung biopsy with subsequent histological and immunohistochemical studies is the golden diagnostic method of CPL. Immunohistochemical staining for endothelial cell markers CD31, CD34 and D2-40 confirms lymphatic origin. Therapeutic strategies include supportive, nutritional, investigational, aggressively interventional and surgical regimens, most of which have shown promising outcomes. Although CPL was once regarded as a disorder of very poor prognosis in neonatal onset cases, teenager and adult patients have shown good outcomes upon long-term follow-up.
Can the Rate of C-sections Performed in a Level I Perinatal Center Be Reduced? – An Analysis of the University Gynecology Clinic Rostock, 2008 – 2014
Authors: Genuttis Nele , Bolz Michael , Briese Volker
Published: July 2017

Introduction In Germany the rate of deliveries by cesarean section is continually increasing. Many different reasons have been put forward to explain this trend. The aim of this study was to examine how the C-section rate developed at the University Gynecology Clinic Rostock, one of the biggest maternity hospitals and level I perinatal centers in Germany, based on various maternal and neonatal parameters. The aim was also to identify potential risk factors for C-sections.

Material and Method Various obstetric parameters were obtained from the birth cohort (2008 to 2014; n = 20 091) of the University Gynecology Clinic Rostock. The data was used to calculate parameter-specific C-section rates. Potential risk factors for C-section were identified by regression analysis.

Results The C-section rate dropped from 26.24% to 23.57%. The rate of repeat C-sections also declined. The mean age of the pregnant women increased. Nevertheless, the frequency of cesarean sections in pregnant women aged more than 35 years declined. Rates of being overweight or obese preconception increased. C-section rates increased as BMI values preconception increased. There was a perceptible trend towards attempting the vaginal delivery of children in breech presentation and of twins. The frequency of depressed neonates after vaginal delivery and after C-section decreased. Rates for mild and advanced acidosis increased after both C-sections and vaginal deliveries. Previous C-section, older maternal age, overweight and obesity prior to conception, breech presentation and multiple pregnancies all increased the risk of cesarean sections.

Conclusion This study showed that reducing the rates of C-sections without a deterioration in neonatal outcomes can be achieved even in a large maternity hospital that cares for many high-risk pregnancies.
Nichts wird besser durch Angst
Authors: Casagrande C
Published: July 2017

„Ich habe die Diagnose bekommen!“ Wenn Patienten mit diesem oder einem ähnlichen Satz das Gespräch beginnen, zucke ich auch heute noch ein wenig zusammen. Denn oft berichten sie dann, dass ein bösartiges Tumorgeschehen in ihrem Körper nachgewiesen wurde. DHZ-Kolumne von HP Christina Casagrande.
Kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren bei Diabetes
Authors: Müller-Wieland Dirk
Published: July 2017

Diabetes mellitus ist mit einem deutlich erhöhten kardiovaskulären Risiko verbunden. Daher sollten allgemein Lebensstilmaßnahmen empfohlen und Maßnahmen zur sogenannten Verhältnisprävention politisch umgesetzt werden. Patienten mit Diabetes müssen frühzeitig, effektiv und sicher behandelt werden. Dies betrifft nicht nur die Blutzucker-Senkung, sondern insbesondere auch die Reduktion des arteriellen Blutdruckes und die drastische Senkung des LDL-Cholesterins im Blut. Durch eine frühzeitige effektive und multimodale Therapie kann das kardiovaskuläre Risiko von Patienten mit Diabetes etwa halbiert und langfristig die Gesamtsterblichkeit gesenkt werden.
Acetylated Furostene Glycosides from Solanum gilo Fruits
Authors: Tchoupang Edwige , Reder Christina , Ateba Sylvin , Zehl Martin , Kählig Hanspeter , Njamen Dieudonné , Höller Franziska , Glasl-Tazreiter Sabine , Krenn Liselotte
Published: July 2017

In continuation of our work on a traditional mixture of spices called “Nkui”, used in Cameroon for its influence on womenʼs reproductive health, we investigated the chemical composition of Solanum gilo, one component of “Nkui”. A methanolic extract was studied in detail. After dereplication of several known compounds, two furo-5-stene-derived saponin glycosides with acetylated sugar moieties were isolated. By extensive 1- and 2D NMR experiments and HR-MS and GC-MS methods, the structures were elucidated as 26-[(3‴,4‴,6‴-tri-O-acetyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-22-hydroxyfurost-5-en-3β-yl-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1″→2′)-β-D-glucopyranoside (A) and 26-[(3‴,4‴,6‴-tri-O-acetyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-22-hydroxyfurost-5-en-3β-yl-[O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1′′′′→4′)-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1″→2′)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (B), both new natural compounds.
Note: Electric field assisted megasonic atomization for size-controlled nanoparticles
Authors: Kim Hyeong-U , Kulkarni Atul , Ha Soohyun , Shin Dongjoo , Kim Taesung
Published: July 2017

In this study, we report the use of megasonic atomization along with an electric field to reduce the aerosol particle size. The electric field assisted megasonic atomization (EMA) was achieved by implementing mesh and an induction charging ring at the output of a megasonic atomizer. The aim was to increase the number of particles generated and reduce the size of the particles to the nanoscale regime. In the present study, the megasonically generated NaCl and TiO2 aerosols were charged by applying an electric supply voltage up to +20 kV through the induction ring. The generated nanoparticles were evaluated by an electrical low-pressure impactor and scanning electron microscopy. It is observed that, for +15 kV, the number concentration of NaCl and TiO2 particles was found to have increased by up to five times, and the peak size of the particles was shifted from 40 nm to 15 nm. The particle size reduction and increase in the number concentration might be due to Coulomb fission. Hence, the developed EMA system is suitable for many industrial applications where a large number of uniform-sized nanoparticles are required.
Information theory and robotics meet to study predator-prey interactions
Authors: Neri Daniele , Ruberto Tommaso , Cord-Cruz Gabrielle , Porfiri Maurizio
Published: July 2017

Transfer entropy holds promise to advance our understanding of animal behavior, by affording the identification of causal relationships that underlie animal interactions. A critical step toward the reliable implementation of this powerful information-theoretic concept entails the design of experiments in which causal relationships could be systematically controlled. Here, we put forward a robotics-based experimental approach to test the validity of transfer entropy in the study of predator-prey interactions. We investigate the behavioral response of zebrafish to a fear-evoking robotic stimulus, designed after the morpho-physiology of the red tiger oscar and actuated along preprogrammed trajectories. From the time series of the positions of the zebrafish and the robotic stimulus, we demonstrate that transfer entropy correctly identifies the influence of the stimulus on the focal subject. Building on this evidence, we apply transfer entropy to study the interactions between zebrafish and a live red tiger oscar. The analysis of transfer entropy reveals a change in the direction of the information flow, suggesting a mutual influence between the predator and the prey, where the predator adapts its strategy as a function of the movement of the prey, which, in turn, adjusts its escape as a function of the predator motion. Through the integration of information theory and robotics, this study posits a new approach to study predator-prey interactions in freshwater fish.
Lasing in cuprous iodide microwires
Authors: Wille Marcel , Krüger Evgeny , Blaurock Steffen , Zviagin Vitaly , Deichsel Rafael , Benndorf Gabriele , Trefflich Lukas , Gottschalch Volker , Krautscheid Harald , Schmidt-Grund Rüdiger , Grundmann Marius
Published: July 2017

We report on the observation of lasing in cuprous iodide (CuI) microwires. A vapor-phase transport growth procedure was used to synthesize CuI microwires with low defect concentration. The crystal structure of single microwires was determined to be of zincblende-type. The high optical quality of single microwires is indicated by the observed series of excitonic emission lines as well as by the formation of gain under optical excitation. Lasing of triangular whispering-gallery modes in single microwires is demonstrated for fs- and ns-excitation from cryogenic temperatures up to 200 K. Time-resolved micro-photoluminescence studies reveal the dynamics of the laser process on the time scale of several picoseconds.
A discrete Fourier-encoded, diagonal-free experiment to simplify homonuclear 2D NMR correlations
Authors: Huang Zebin , Guan Quanshuai , Chen Zhong , Frydman Lucio , Lin Yulan
Published: July 2017

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has long served as an irreplaceable, versatile tool in physics, chemistry, biology, and materials sciences, owing to its ability to study molecular structure and dynamics in detail. In particular, the connectivity of chemical sites within molecules, and thereby molecular structure, becomes visible by multi-dimensional NMR. Homonuclear correlation experiments are a powerful tool for identifying coupled spins. Generally, diagonal peaks in these correlation spectra display the strongest intensities and do not offer any new information beyond the standard one-dimensional spectrum, whereas weaker, symmetrically placed cross peaks contain most of the coupling information. The cross peaks near the diagonal are often affected by the tails of strong diagonal peaks or even obscured entirely by the diagonal. In this paper, we demonstrate a homonuclear encoding approach based on imparting a discrete phase modulation of the targeted cross peaks and combine it with a site-selective sculpting scheme, capable of simplifying the patterns arising in these 2D correlation spectra. The theoretical principles of the new methods are laid out, and experimental observations are rationalized on the basis of theoretical analyses. The ensuing techniques provide a new way to retrieve 2D coupling information within homonuclear spin systems, with enhanced sensitivity, speed, and clarity.
Transport dynamics of self-consistent, near-marginal drift-wave turbulence. II. Characterization of transport by means of passive scalars
Authors: Ogata D. , Newman D. E. , Sánchez R.
Published: July 2017

From theoretical and modeling points of view, following Lagrangian trajectories is the most straightforward way to characterize the transport dynamics. In real plasmas, following Lagrangian trajectories is difficult or impossible. Using a blob of passive scalar (a tracer blob) allows a quasi-Lagrangian view of the dynamics. Using a simple two-dimensional electrostatic plasma turbulence model, this work demonstrates that the evolution of the tracers and the passive scalar field is equivalent between these two fluid transport viewpoints. When both the tracers and the passive scalar evolve in tandem and closely resemble stable distributions, namely, Gaussian distributions, the underlying turbulent transport character can be recovered from the temporal scaling of the second moments of both. This local transport approach corroborates the use of passive scalar as a turbulent transport measurement. The correspondence between the local transport character and the underlying transport is quantified for different transport regimes ranging from subdiffusive to superdiffusive. This correspondence is limited to the initial time periods of the spread of both the tracers and the passive scalar in the given transport regimes.
Nonlinear internal wave at the interface of two-layer liquid due to a moving hydrofoil
Authors: Wang Zhen , Wu Changhong , Zou Li , Wang Qianxi , Ding Qi
Published: July 2017

This paper is concerned with the internal wave at the interface of two layers of liquids due to a hydrofoil in the lower layer liquid. The two-layer fluid is assumed moving parallel to the interface at different velocities. The stratified flow is modeled based on the incompressible potential flow theory, with the nonlinear boundary conditions at the interface. Boundary integral equations are formulated for the fully nonlinear interfacial wave generated by the hydrofoil. The numerical model results in a set of nonlinear algebra equations, which are solved using the quasi-Newton method. We show that the quasi-Newton method is more efficient than Newton’s method, which is often used for solving these types of equations in the literature. The wave profiles were analyzed in terms of the location and thickness of the hydrofoil, the Froude number, and the ratio of the densities of the two fluids. The computations show that the interfacial wave amplitude showed a trend first of increase and then of decrease with the distance between the hydrofoil and the still interface.
Nonlinear parity mixtures controlling the propagation of interchange modes
Authors: Sato M. , Ishizawa A.
Published: July 2017

The propagation velocity of a resistive interchange mode is numerically investigated based on a two-fluid model. It is newly found that the nonlinearity mixes the interchange parity and the tearing parity to produce magnetic islands and controls the propagation velocity of the instability in the poloidal direction. The parity of the interchange mode is conserved during the linear growing evolution. However, when the amplitude of the mode becomes large and nonlinear effects are dominant, the pure interchange mode does not satisfy the nonlinear two-fluid equation. Thus, the nonlinear energy transfer occurs from the interchange parity mode to the tearing parity mode, which is called the nonlinear parity mixtures, and the magnetic islands are produced by the interchange mode. The nonlinear magnetic island formation by the interchange mode plays a central role in controlling the interchange mode's propagation velocity, which is equal to the electron fluid velocity. This nonlinear process is essential in quantitatively reproducing the propagation velocity of the interchange mode, which is the same as the electron fluid velocity observed in the large helical device experiment. It is also found that one of the mechanisms of parity mixtures is a modulational instability.
Fully radiative relaxation of silicon nanocrystals in colloidal ensemble revealed by advanced treatment of decay kinetics
Authors: Greben Michael , Khoroshyy Petro , Liu Xiangkai , Pi Xiaodong , Valenta Jan
Published: July 2017

A comprehensive study of the spectrally resolved photoluminescence (PL) decay kinetics of dodecyl-passivated colloidal silicon nanocrystals (Si NCs) is presented. The correct treatment of average decay lifetime is demonstrated. We report on importance to distinguish the external quantum efficiency (QE) from the internal QE. The external QE of the ensemble of Si NCs is measured to be ∼60%, while the internal QE of Si NCs emitting around ∼1.5 eV is evaluated to be near unity. This difference between internal and external QE is attributed to a fraction of “dark” (absorbing but non-emitting) Si NCs in the ensemble. This conclusion is based on the analysis of deconvoluted size-selected decay curves retrieved by the presented mathematical procedure. The homogeneous line-broadening is estimated to be around 180 meV by experimentally challenging single-NC PL measurements. In addition, radiative lifetimes are calculated by the envelope function approximation and confirm the observed exponential increase of lifetime with decreasing emission photon energy.
Modeling the emission of high power terahertz radiation using Langmuir wave as a wiggler
Authors: Panwar Jyotsna , Sharma Suresh C.
Published: July 2017

The emission of high power terahertz (THz) radiation lying in the range of millimeter to submillimeter wavelengths has been studied analytically using the Langmuir wave as an electrostatic pump wave in the presence of static magnetic field for both finite and infinite geometries. The interaction of two laser beams with the relativistic electron beam leads to velocity modulation of the beam, which then translates into density modulation on traveling through the drift space. The premodulated beam on interacting with the pump wave acquires an oscillatory velocity that couples with the perturbed and modulated beam densities to result in nonlinear current density which helps in evaluating the growth rate and efficiency of the output THz radiation. The beam and plasma wave wiggler parameters are found to influence the growth rate and efficiency of the emitted THz radiation.
Electric-field tunable perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in tetragonal Fe4N/BiFeO3 heterostructures
Authors: Yin Li , Wang Xiaocha , Mi Wenbo
Published: July 2017

Electric field control on perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) is indispensable for spintronic devices. Herewith, in tetragonal Fe4N/BiFeO3 heterostructures with the FeAFeB/Fe-O2 interface, PMA in each Fe4N layer, not merely interfacial layers, is modulated by the electric field, which is attributed to the broken spin screening of the electric field in highly spin-polarized Fe4N. Moreover, the periodical dxy+dyz+dz2 and dxy+dx2−y2 orbital-PMA oscillation enhances the interactions between adjacent FeAFeB and (FeB)2N atomic layers, which benefits the electric field modulation on PMA in the whole Fe4N atomic layers. The electric-field control on PMA in Fe4N/BiFeO3 heterostructures is favored by the electric-field-lifted potential in Fe4N.
Nanoconstriction spin-Hall oscillator with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Divinskiy B. , Demidov V. E. , Kozhanov A. , Rinkevich A. B. , Demokritov S. O. , Urazhdin S.
Published: July 2017

We experimentally study spin-Hall nano-oscillators based on [Co/Ni] multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. We show that these devices exhibit single-frequency auto-oscillations at current densities comparable to those for in-plane magnetized oscillators. The demonstrated oscillators exhibit large magnetization precession amplitudes, and their oscillation frequency is highly tunable by the electric current. These features make them promising for applications in high-speed integrated microwave circuits.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Unexpected (1S,4R,5R,6S)-4-Cyano-2,2,6-trimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-6-yl Acetate
Authors: Williams Steven Gareth , Bhadbhade Mohan , Bishop Roger , Ung Alison Thavary
Published: July 2017

The reaction of (–)-β-pinene with KCN under a mild bridged Ritter reaction gave (1S,5R,6S)-2,2,6-trimethyl-3-aza-bicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-en-6-yl acetate that subsequently reacted to provide an unexpected (1S,4R,5R,6S)-4-cyano-2,2,6-trimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-6-yl acetate. The structure of the compound was determined by high-resolution mass spectrometry, and IR and NMR spectroscopy and confirmed by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The compound crystallises in the monoclinic P21 space group, with unit cell parameters a 8.6120 (17), b 7.4570 (15), c 11.189 (2) Å, and β 110.16 (3)°.
Diverse continuum of CD4+T-cell states is determined by hierarchical additive integration of cytokine signals
Authors: Eizenberg-Magar Inbal , Rimer Jacob , Zaretsky Irina , Lara-Astiaso David , Reich-Zeliger Shlomit , Friedman Nir
Published: July 2017

Significance

Understanding the logic by which cells respond to complex signal combinations is challenging. We used CD4+T cells as a model system to study signal integration by systematically mapping their differentiation in response to a large number of cytokine combinations. We find that, in response to varied cytokine mixtures, cells coexpress lineage-specifying proteins at diverse levels, such that the cell population spans a continuum of intermediate states between canonical cell phenotypes. Mathematical modeling explains these results using hierarchical summation of cytokine inputs and correctly predicts population response to new input conditions. These findings suggest that complex cellular responses can be effectively described using relatively simple hierarchical summation rules, providing a framework for prediction of cellular responses to signal combinations.
Sigma-1 receptors control immune-driven peripheral opioid analgesia during inflammation in mice
Authors: Tejada Miguel A. , Montilla-García Angeles , Cronin Shane J. , Cikes Domagoj , Sánchez-Fernández Cristina , González-Cano Rafael , Ruiz-Cantero M. Carmen , Penninger Josef M. , Vela José M. , Baeyens José M. , Cobos Enrique J.
Published: July 2017

Significance

New pain medications with novel mechanisms of action are needed. Here we show that sigma-1 antagonism decreases inflammatory pain hypersensitivity by enhancing the actions of endogenous opioid peptides produced by leukocytes in mice. Sigma-1 antagonism results in opioid analgesia only at the inflamed site, where immune cells naturally accumulate. This mechanism, which maximizes the analgesic potential of immune cells in painful inflamed sites, differs from that of conventional analgesics.
Potent competitive inhibition of human ribonucleotide reductase by a nonnucleoside small molecule
Authors: Ahmad Md. Faiz , Alam Intekhab , Huff Sarah E. , Pink John , Flanagan Sheryl A. , Shewach Donna , Misko Tessianna A. , Oleinick Nancy L. , Harte William E. , Viswanathan Rajesh , Harris Michael E. , Dealwis Chris Godfrey
Published: July 2017

Significance

The search for anticancer drugs continues to be greatly pursued. The nucleoside analog gemcitabine, which targets ribonucleotide reductase (RR) as a diphosphate and DNA polymerases as a triphosphate, is the standard first-line treatment in patients with pancreatic cancer. However, its cytotoxicity to normal dividing tissues leads to unwanted side effects. Here, we have discovered a nonnucleoside RR inhibitor, naphthyl salicylic acyl hydrazone (NSAH), that has efficacy similar to gemcitabine and the potential to be modified to provide safer and more effective cancer therapies.
Thermodynamic constraint on the depth of the global tropospheric circulation
Authors: Thompson David W. J. , Bony Sandrine , Li Ying
Published: July 2017

Significance

The study explores two fundamental problems in climate science: (
i
) The physical factors that govern the depth of the troposphere, and (
ii
) the response of clouds to climate change. Previous research has argued that tropical anvil temperatures are strongly constrained by the fundamental thermodynamic properties of water vapor. Here we argue that the same basic thermodynamic properties strongly constrain the depth of the troposphere, the temperature of high clouds, and the amplitude of large-scale dynamics throughout the globe. The results suggest that the positive climate feedbacks associated with tropical high clouds also operate in the extratropics, and that the top of the troposphere should remain at roughly the same temperature throughout the globe as the climate system warms.
Distinct requirements for energy metabolism in mouse primordial germ cells and their reprogramming to embryonic germ cells
Authors: Hayashi Yohei , Otsuka Kei , Ebina Masayuki , Igarashi Kaori , Takehara Asuka , Matsumoto Mitsuyo , Kanai Akio , Igarashi Kazuhiko , Soga Tomoyoshi , Matsui Yasuhisa
Published: July 2017

Significance

Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the origin of germ cells and are critically important for continuity of multicellular organisms. Although the unique characteristics of mouse PGCs have been described in gene expression and epigenome levels, the metabolomic and proteomic profiles of PGCs and their significance for PGC properties have been unclear. Our findings in this study demonstrate not only distinct energy metabolisms in PGCs and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), but also the essential contribution of enhanced oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in PGC specification from PSCs, and in reprogramming of PGCs into PSCs, respectively. The results uncover the importance of a shift in main energy metabolism for establishment and maintenance of PGC characteristics.
Nuclear genomes distinguish cryptic species suggested by their DNA barcodes and ecology
Authors: Janzen Daniel H. , Burns John M. , Cong Qian , Hallwachs Winnie , Dapkey Tanya , Manjunath Ramya , Hajibabaei Mehrdad , Hebert Paul D. N. , Grishin Nick V.
Published: July 2017

Significance

Thirteen years of mitochondrial DNA barcoding of 15,000+ species of Lepidoptera and their parasitoids living in Area de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica, indicate several thousand cases where barcodes combined with ecology suggest unrecognized cryptic species, substantially increasing species counts. Here, we show that the slightly different barcodes of three extremely similar parapatric–sympatric species of butterflies covary not only with ecology and subtle morphological traits but also with nuclear genomes—a finding that we predict will be commonplace and a method that we predict will be widely used. The barcodes of the century-old type specimens of
Udranomia kikkawai
from Venezuela reveal that this name applies to one of the three Costa Rican cryptic species; the others we describe as new.
Maternal photoperiod programs hypothalamic thyroid status via the fetal pituitary gland
Authors: Sáenz de Miera Cristina , Bothorel Béatrice , Jaeger Catherine , Simonneaux Valérie , Hazlerigg David
Published: July 2017

Significance

In mammals, long-term programming of offspring physiology occurring before birth has effects persisting into adulthood. Appropriate programming allows environmental preadaptation, while inappropriate programming has deleterious health and fitness consequences. To define the mechanistic pathways underlying maternal programming, this study focused on the programming of calendar time before birth, which sets subsequent trajectories for growth and reproduction. This phenomenon depends on day-length perception, encoded via the light-sensitive hormone melatonin from the mother. This study defines the pathway by which maternal melatonin engages with the fetal brain and shows how this prenatal signal leads to a long-term effect on brain thyroid hormone signaling, establishing a new paradigm for investigating epigenetic programming of brain function in utero.
Virus found in a boreal lake links ssDNA and dsDNA viruses
Authors: Laanto Elina , Mäntynen Sari , De Colibus Luigi , Marjakangas Jenni , Gillum Ashley , Stuart David I. , Ravantti Janne J. , Huiskonen Juha T. , Sundberg Lotta-Riina
Published: July 2017

Significance

We describe the phage FLiP, an ssDNA virus with an icosahedral capsid and an internal lipid membrane. The FLiP genome shows limited similarity to known sequences, although an ssDNA replication mechanism was implied by genome analysis. However, because the capsid protein fold indicates relatedness with the dsDNA viruses of the PRD1–adenovirus lineage, FLiP exhibits a unique combination of structural and replication modules. It is suggested that the capsid protein structure could be used to complement the sequence data when classifying viruses and in detecting their deep evolutionary relationships, especially in the absence of sequence similarities. Furthermore, these findings demonstrate the value of characterizing unknown viruses from diverse environmental sources to understand the diversity of the microbial world.
Sialylation on O-glycans protects platelets from clearance by liver Kupffer cells
Authors: Li Yun , Fu Jianxin , Ling Yun , Yago Tadayuki , McDaniel J. Michael , Song Jianhua , Bai Xia , Kondo Yuji , Qin Yannan , Hoover Christopher , McGee Samuel , Shao Bojing , Liu Zhenghui , Sonon Roberto , Azadi Parastoo , Marth Jamey D. , McEver Rodger P. , Ruan Changgeng , Xia Lijun
Published: July 2017

Significance

Although many platelet glycoproteins, such as GPIbα and GPIIb/IIIa, are predominately modified by O-glycans, the biological importance of O-glycans in platelet homeostasis is unclear. Here, we report that platelets lacking O-glycans exhibit a reduced life-span and increased clearance in the liver due to defective sialylation. We found that Kupffer cells play a major role in clearing desialylated O-glycan–deficient platelets in cooperation with hepatocytes via the hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor. These findings reveal how O-glycosylation regulates platelet homeostasis and clearance; they may also provide insights into the pathogenesis of disorders with thrombocytopenia such as sepsis and immune thrombocytopenia refractory to splenectomy.
Toll ligand Spätzle3 controls melanization in the stripe pattern formation in caterpillars
Authors: KonDo Yûsuke , Yoda Shinichi , Mizoguchi Takayuki , Ando Toshiya , Yamaguchi Junichi , Yamamoto Kimiko , Banno Yutaka , Fujiwara Haruhiko
Published: July 2017

Significance

A stripe pattern is widely observed among animals and often used for warning or camouflage in caterpillars. However, its genetic background is largely unknown. This study showed that the Toll ligand Spätzle3 (Spz-3) is responsible for the silkworm
Zebra
locus, which causes black stripes on the anterior margin of each segment. Exhaustive knockdown experiments of
spz-
and
Toll-
related genes clarified that
spz-3
and
Toll-8
are involved in the melanin pigmentation of
Zebra
and another mutant. The Spz-3/Toll-8 signaling pathway is suggested to induce
Zebra
stripe-specific expression of the pigmentation gene
yellow
. This study sheds light on not only the unique aspect of Spz/Toll functions but also, stripe pattern pigmentation in caterpillars through co-option of a Toll signaling pathway.
On, Se and related valency alternations in Medieval French
Authors: Wolfsgruber Anne C.
Published: July 2017

This article explores the question of why Medieval French does not use se-constructions as exhaustively as other Medieval Romance varieties and why the indefinite pronoun on is clearly the preferred choice. It is claimed that se exhibits affix-like behavior in passive constructions and that it is very likely to be a morphological exponent of absorbing the [+Def] feature on T in IACs. These assumptions are connected to the possibility within a language system to store affixes as independent lexical entries, following Speas, 1995. It will be shown that Medieval French seems to be a language system in flux in which signs of NSL > non-NSL were present over a longer period of time. The uncertain status of affixes within these radical changes would have prompted learners to go for a multifunctional solution that is readily available and unequivocally identifiable: on.
Transitivity and valency in Northern Akhvakh
Authors: Creissels Denis
Published: July 2017

This paper analyzes transitivity and valency in Northern Akhvakh, a language belonging to the Andic group of languages included in the Northeast Caucasian (or Nakh-Daghestanian) family. Northern Akhvakh clause structure is characterized by an extreme flexibility of constituent order, omissibility of arguments with an either anaphoric or unspecified reading, and fully consistent ergative coding of core NPs. Northern Akhvakh has a very low rate of transitivity prominence, and an extremely strong tendency to derive the causal member of noncausal / causal pairs from its noncausal counterpart. Ambitransitivity is very marginal, and the productivity of morphologically unmarked valency alternations is very limited. Causative derivation is the only valency changing mechanism involving verb morphology, and ingestion verbs are the only transitive verbs for which causative derivation is productive.
Risk Screen of Freshwater Tropical Ornamental Fishes for the Conterminous United States
Authors: Hill Jeffrey E. , Tuckett Quenton M. , Hardin Scott , Lawson Larry L. , Lawson Katelyn M. , Ritch Jared L. , Partridge Lauren
Published: July 2017

The trade in ornamental fish is increasingly viewed as a major source for the introduction of invasive species into the environment. However, few ornamental fishes are established and widespread in the conterminous United States, and fewer still are thought to cause noticeable environmental impacts. To better evaluate the risk of this pathway, we conducted a risk screen of 34 important freshwater ornamental fish species by using the Fish Invasiveness Screening Kit (FISK) version 2 for the conterminous United States. Screens from three to five independent assessors resulted in categorization of 91–100% of the species as noninvasive. The low climate match of these mostly tropical species largely confines establishment risk to subtropical regions, primarily peninsular Florida, and to isolated thermal refuges (e.g., geothermal springs) in otherwise unsuitable climates. Few data on impacts exist for tropical ornamental fish in the conterminous United States, and there is little evidence for the occurrence of large, long‐term effects despite local impacts for a few species. Our results indicate that the freshwater tropical ornamental fish trade is less risky to the conterminous United States than has been concluded in most previous studies. Further risk assessment for management decisions might be required on a regional scale or for localized, high‐risk situations.

Received November 3, 2016; accepted March 23, 2017 Published online July 18, 2017
Sensory Biology as a Risk Factor for Invasion Success and Native Fish Decline
Authors: Abrahams M. V. , Bassett D. K. , Montgomery J. C.
Published: July 2017

Native freshwater fish populations are among the world's most threatened taxa due to the combined effects of habitat degradation and invasive alien species. Habitat degradation negatively impacts native species, whereas invasive species tend to possess adaptations, such as thermal and salinity tolerance, that are more suited to the degraded environment. Sensory ecology may also be a contributing factor. Most threatened native species are visual feeders, whereas invasive species found in degraded systems often have nonvisual specializations. Behavioral and distributional characteristics of the invasive Western Mosquitofish Gambusia affinis and the New Zealand native Inanga Galaxias maculatus illustrate the potential for sensory biology to influence foraging success, distribution, and species interaction between degraded and clear habitats. Behavioral trials measured the change in feeding rate in clear (0 NTU) and turbid (100 NTU) water over 30 min for Inanga and Western Mosquitofish feeding on brine shrimp Artemia salina nauplii. These experiments showed that Western Mosquitofish maintained similar feeding rates between clear and turbid water, whereas the native species exhibited a marked decline in feeding efficiency in turbid water. Across a strong natural turbidity boundary, the alien species was found to dominate turbid habitat less than 1 m from clear water, where both species were found. Accounting for sensory biology as a potential contributing factor in the establishment of invasive fish species in degraded habitat may help to identify invasive species risk and to shape strategies for rehabilitating native species.
Comparison of Day and Night Electrofishing to Sample Smallmouth Bass in Natural Lakes of Eastern South Dakota
Authors: Blackwell Brian G. , Kaufman Todd M. , Moos Tyrel S. , Ermer Mark J.
Published: July 2017

Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu, an important sport fish and apex predator, are commonly sampled by fisheries personnel using night electrofishing. We assessed day and night electrofishing catch per hour of effort (CPUE), sampling precision (i.e., CV), and size structure of Smallmouth Bass in eight northeast South Dakota natural lakes during 2013–2016 to determine if day electrofishing was a viable option for population assessment. Night CPUE was generally greater than day CPUE in paired samples. Significant differences in CPUE for fish ≥ 180-mm TL were identified in approximately one-third of lake year comparisons. Day and night CPUE were more likely to be significantly different in fish < 350 mm-TL. A significant linear relationship was identified between day CPUE and night CPUE for all fish. Coefficients of variation of CPUE were similar between day and night samples. Significant differences in proportional size distribution (PSD) were identified for 6 of 15 day–night pairs, but no pattern was identified and no differences in proportional size distribution of preferred-length fish (PSD-P) values were found. A linear relationship was identified between day and night PSD and day and night PSD-P, and neither relationship differed from the 1:1 line. A significant curvilinear relationship was present between the percent deviations (PD) of day and night CPUE across Secchi depths. We believe that day electrofishing can be used to assess Smallmouth Bass populations in eastern South Dakota natural lakes.

Received January 9, 2017; accepted July 3, 2017 Published online October 11, 2017
A Modeling Framework to Quantify the Influence of Hydrology on the Abundance of a Migratory Indian Shad, the Hilsa Tenualosa ilisha
Authors: Naskar Malay , Chandra Ganesh , Sahu S. K. , Raman R. K.
Published: July 2017

It is envisaged that the influence of river hydrology on the commercial catch of anadromous species in river–estuary systems is very pronounced. We delineate a general framework to quantify the effect of changing river hydrology on the catch of a very unique anadromous species, the Hilsa Tenualosa ilisha, a shad species that is distributed across the Indo-Pacific region. The Narmada River–estuary system was studied as a representative for the region. Two synthesized factors—migratory habitat availability (factor 1) and migratory habitat quality potential (factor 2)—were derived from five hydrological variables to explain 96% of the variability in the hydrological regime of the Narmada River–estuary system. Based on the proposed autoregressive integrated moving average with explanatory variables (ARIMAX) modeling framework, we found that both factors had significant positive effects. Model-based forecasts of Hilsa catch revealed a decreasing trend in the future if a similar hydrological regime prevails. In a simulated future scenario, a 15% increase in Hilsa catch was predicted to occur in response to a 2% increase in factor 1, considering the last 5 years’ average catch as a benchmark. Some management strategies focused on controlling the hydrological regime are suggested to enhance Hilsa fisheries.

Received February 15, 2017; accepted July 1, 2017 Published online October 11, 2017
Retracted: Effective Dose of Salmon GnRHa for Induction of Ovulation in Channel Catfish
Authors: Chatakondi Nagaraj G
Published: July 2017

The present study was conducted to determine the minimum effective dose of salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (sGnRHa) to stimulate ovulation in Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Four doses of sGnRHa—0, 10, 15, and 25 µg/kg body weight (BW)—were compared with the commonly used dose of 100 µg/kg BW of mammalian luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog (mLHRHa) to induce spawning in Channel Catfish. Hormone-induced catfish yielded significantly higher levels of plasma estradiol and ovulation success than saline-injected control fish. Ovulation ratio, relative fecundity, and number of fry per kilogram with 10 µg sGnRHa/kg were lower than those treated with 15 and 25 µg. To further refine the sGnRHa dose, spawning trials with 3- and 4-year-old Channel Catfish were compared using doses of either 10, 15, or 20 µg sGnRHa/kg BW. The relative fecundity (8,322 eggs/kg BW) and fry production (2,533 fry/kg BW) were higher in fish from the 15-µg sGnRHa/kg BW treatment. Hence, the results of this study suggest that 15 µg sGnRHa/kg BW is the minimum effective dose comparable with widely used mLHRHa to induce spawning in Channel Catfish and produce hybrid (Channel Catfish × Blue Catfish I. furcatus) embryos in hatcheries.
Dynamic role of the tether helix in PIP2-dependent gating of a G protein–gated potassium channel
Authors: Lacin Emre , Aryal Prafulla , Glaaser Ian W. , Bodhinathan Karthik , Tsai Eric , Marsh Nidaa , Tucker Stephen J. , Sansom Mark S.P. , Slesinger Paul A.
Published: July 2017

G protein–gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels control neuronal excitability in the brain and are implicated in several different neurological diseases. The anionic phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate (PIP2) is an essential cofactor for GIRK channel gating, but the precise mechanism by which PIP2 opens GIRK channels remains poorly understood. Previous structural studies have revealed several highly conserved, positively charged residues in the “tether helix” (C-linker) that interact with the negatively charged PIP2. However, these crystal structures of neuronal GIRK channels in complex with PIP2 provide only snapshots of PIP2’s interaction with the channel and thus lack details about the gating transitions triggered by PIP2 binding. Here, our functional studies reveal that one of these conserved basic residues in GIRK2, Lys200 (6′K), supports a complex and dynamic interaction with PIP2. When Lys200 is mutated to an uncharged amino acid, it activates the channel by enhancing the interaction with PIP2. Atomistic molecular dynamic simulations of neuronal GIRK2 with the same 6′ substitution reveal an open GIRK2 channel with PIP2 molecules adopting novel positions. This dynamic interaction with PIP2 may explain the intrinsic low open probability of GIRK channels and the mechanism underlying activation by G protein Gβγ subunits and ethanol.
Mechanisms of noncovalent β subunit regulation of NaV channel gating
Authors: Zhu Wandi , Voelker Taylor L. , Varga Zoltan , Schubert Angela R. , Nerbonne Jeanne M. , Silva Jonathan R.
Published: July 2017

Voltage-gated Na+ (NaV) channels comprise a macromolecular complex whose components tailor channel function. Key components are the non-covalently bound β1 and β3 subunits that regulate channel gating, expression, and pharmacology. Here, we probe the molecular basis of this regulation by applying voltage clamp fluorometry to measure how the β subunits affect the conformational dynamics of the cardiac NaV channel (NaV1.5) voltage-sensing domains (VSDs). The pore-forming NaV1.5 α subunit contains four domains (DI–DIV), each with a VSD. Our results show that β1 regulates NaV1.5 by modulating the DIV-VSD, whereas β3 alters channel kinetics mainly through DIII-VSD interaction. Introduction of a quenching tryptophan into the extracellular region of the β3 transmembrane segment inverted the DIII-VSD fluorescence. Additionally, a fluorophore tethered to β3 at the same position produced voltage-dependent fluorescence dynamics strongly resembling those of the DIII-VSD. Together, these results provide compelling evidence that β3 binds proximally to the DIII-VSD. Molecular-level differences in β1 and β3 interaction with the α subunit lead to distinct activation and inactivation recovery kinetics, significantly affecting NaV channel regulation of cell excitability.
Using fluorescence to understand β subunit–NaV channel interactions
Authors: Barro-Soria Rene , Liin Sara I. , Larsson H. Peter
Published: July 2017

Barro-Soria et al. highlight work that reveals how β1 and β3 subunits modulate NaV1.5 channel function.
On Epistemically Detrimental Dissent: Contingent Enabling Factors versus Stable Difference-Makers
Authors: Le Bihan Soazig , Amadi Iheanyi
Published: July 2017

The aim of this article is to critically build on Justin Biddle and Anna Leuschner’s characterization of epistemologically detrimental dissent (EDD) in the context of science. We argue that the presence of nonepistemic agendas and severe nonepistemic consequences offers neither necessary nor sufficient conditions for EDD to obtain. We clarify their role by arguing that they are contingent enabling factors, not stable difference-makers, in the production of EDD. We maintain that two stable difference-makers are core to the production of EDD: production of skewed science and effective public dissemination.
Melito’s Peri Pascha 1–5 as Recovered from a ‘Lost’ Leaf of Papyrus Bodmer XIII
Authors: Nongbri Brent , Hall Stuart George
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this article is to present some new material on the Greek text of Melito. In what follows, Brent Nongbri will describe the rediscovery of the first leaf of the Greek copy of Melito’s Peri Pascha in the Bodmer collection and discuss its place in the codex of which it is a part. We shall then jointly present a transcript of the text, supplemented where it is damaged with material from other sources and the published critical text. A new critical text follows, with notes in explanation. Finally we offer a new translation of the sections concerned.
Heart Failure
Authors: Bryant Rebecca
Published: July 2017

The Heart Failure: Self-care to Success toolkit was developed to assist NPs in empowering patients with heart failure (HF) to improve individual self-care behaviors. This article details the evolution of this toolkit for NPs, its effectiveness with patients with HF, and recommendations for future research and dissemination strategies.