bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rachunkowość społeczna w świetle badań polskich autorów
Authors: Biadacz Renata
Published: October 2017

Rachunkowość społeczna w świetle badań polskich autorów

The aim of the article is to present the essence and prerequisites of social accounting in the light of Polish authors' research. Initially, social accounting developed as a statistical-economic discipline used to capture economic processes on a macroeconomic scale. Social accounting in the micro scale became popular in the late 1970s with the increasing importance of corporate social responsibility. Therefore, the author decided to separate considerations on the essence and development of social accounting in macro- and microeconomic contexts in the article. The analysis shows that studies on the development of social accounting on the macroeconomic scale were conducted in post-war Poland by Peche and Kowalczyk. Accounting of social responsibility (also referred to as social accounting) in micro terms has been discussed since the 1980s. The first publications concerning this issue include works by Jaglińska, Wołkowski, Jarugowa, and Burzymowa. In recent years, the number of publications in this field has significantly increased with the growing interest in corporate social responsibility and the role it has to fulfill in this dimension. As a research method, a review and analysis of the contents of the deliberations and opinions of the authors of selected items from the national literature of the subject have been used. The article points out that the consideration of social accounting, both in macro and micro terms, is not an innovative concept and has been running since the 1980s.
Lazer e balneabilidade: uma abordagem histórica sobre o uso recreacional das águas na sociedade / Leisure and water quality for recreational use: a historical overview of water contact recreation use in society
Authors: Azevedo Lopes Frederico Wagner , De Jesus Cláudio Roberto
Published: October 2017

Apesar da importância social e econômica do uso recreacional das águas para a sociedade, os espaços disponíveis para a referida prática estão cada vez mais escassos devido à redução dos ambientes naturais, especialmente em áreas urbanas. Além disso, aqueles restantes são ameaçados por fontes de poluição diversas, expondo os usuários aos riscos do contato com águas contaminadas. Especificamente no caso de países tropicais, como o Brasil, constata-se uma precariedade de programas de monitoramento e gestão de balneabilidade em águas doces, cuja atual metodologia está limitada a critérios que não permitem uma avaliação ampla do uso recreacional, desconsiderando aspectos estéticos e fatores de riscos físicos. Deste modo, este trabalho visa levantar e discutir aspectos relacionados à importância histórica do uso recreacional das águas ao longo do desenvolvimento da sociedade, haja vista a reconhecida relevância como um dos usos mais nobres das águas e cada vez mais ameaçado pela degradação ambiental.

Palavras–chave: Lazer, balneabilidade, riscos à saúde humana.

Abstract

Despite the social and economic importance of the recreational use of waters for society, the available spaces for this practice are increasingly scarce due to the reduction of natural environments, especially in urban áreas. In addition, those remaining are threatened by several sources of pollution, exposing users to the risk of contact with contaminated water. Specifically in tropical countries, such as Brazil, there is a lack of programs for monitoring and management of recreatonal water use in freshwaters, whose current methodology is limited to criteria that do not allow a wide evaluation of recreational use, disregarding aesthetic aspects and physical risk factors. Thus, this work aims to raise and discuss aspects related to the historical importance of the recreational use of water throughout the development of society, given the recognized relevance as one of the noblest uses of water and increasingly threatened by environmental degradation.

Keywords: Leisure, water quality for recreational use, human health risks.
A New Perspective on the Access Process
Authors: Bergenholtz Henning , Gouws Rufus
Published: October 2017

Only 10 or 15 years ago, you had to spend hours, days or even weeks in libraries to ﬁnd data of many kinds. Today, one has access to data at your desks at home. Therefore, the biggest problem for a real information society is not that you do not have access to the needed data, but that you cannot ﬁnd it or that it takes so long to ﬁnd it that you quit the search before ﬁnding the result. This is clearly shown by a Google search where you get so many results that can lead to a case of information stress or even worse information death. An easy search route and a short search time are important elements when trying to satisfy certain information needs. This topic is discussed based on two case studies: one concerning certain ﬁxed expressions in seven Danish printed and electronic dictionaries and one concerning looking at different access attempts in six Afrikaans reference sources, including linguistic text books, books presenting the formal spelling and orthographic rules of Afrikaans as well as a monolingual dictionary. The paper argues that the applicability of the access process, as developed in lexicography, goes beyond dictionaries, illustrating the importance of a process not relevant within the ﬁeld of linguistics but extremely important in the successful use of reference works.
Zur zeitlichen Evaluierung von Phasenverben. Das Problem der „leeren Mitte“ oder: Wie viele Intervalle braucht die Semantik von Phasenverben?
Authors: Engerer Volkmar
Published: October 2017

On the temporal evaluation of phasal verbs. The problem of the ‘empty mid’ or: How many intervals does the semantics of phasal verbs need? In this paper I argue that the default view on phasal verb semantics, conceptualising them as change-of-state entities shifting from a proposition to its negated counterpart and, consequently, operating with points of time, has to be revised by considering intervals (and not points) as the fundamental semantic reference entities; perhaps more important, the study’s results make it necessary to take into account at least one more interval “in between”. This interval is, I am proposing, by no means marginal, as it constitutes a relevant evaluation interval where phasal meaning proper in terms of beginning, ﬁnishing and continuing unfolds. Constructions with phasal verbs in general allow, as will be shown, the possibility of adverbials modifying an interval situated between the interval before and after the moment of change-of-state, which is a strong argument in favour of the proposed third interval. - On the outset of this article it is argued that mainstream approaches to phasal semantics, working with two points of time, indirectly introduce two evaluation intervals, and thereby leave open the interpretation of the mid interval. After having presented and discussed the relevant data, Dowty’s inﬂuential work on verb semantics, Word meaning and Montague grammar, is discussed and it will be demonstrated that the ‘problem of the empty mid’ was recognised by Dowty, but not properly integrated into his conception of interval semantics.
Anleitungen rezipieren, Anleitungen produzieren: Empirische Befunde zu kognitiven Prozessen bei Übersetzungsnovizen und Übersetzungsproﬁs
Authors: Göpferich Susanne
Published: October 2017

The article presents results from the research project TransComp, a process-oriented longitudinal study which investigates the development of translation competence in 12 students of translation over a period of three years and compares it with that of 10 professional translators. The article focuses on the translation products and processes of six novices and ﬁve professional translators who had to translate operating instructions from English (their L2) into German (their L1). During the translation process, the participants had to think aloud. They were allowed to use any external reference resources they wished. Their think-aloud and all their activities on the computer were screen-recorded using CamtasiaStudio. In addition, their writing processes were logged using the keystroke-logging software Translog. Immediately after the experiments, they were asked to complete a questionnaire. The data gained in this multi-method approach are analyzed both from a product-oriented and from a process-oriented perspective. For the product-oriented analyses, an error classiﬁcation was developed that combines a linguistic characterization of the mistakes with a functional approach of determining how detrimental these are with regard to the target text function. The process-oriented analyses are based on the subjects’ think-aloud, their activities recorded with CamtasiaStudio, their questionnaires and their log ﬁles. These process data are analyzed to determine the subjects’ problem awareness and their problem-solving competence. Based on the ﬁndings, implications for translation pedagogy and text production didactics are discussed.
Kants Konzeption kosmologischer Freiheit – ein metaphysischer Rest?
Authors: Krijnen Christian
Published: October 2017

The German idealists were of the opinion that Kant’s transcendental turn has unfettered a revolution in philosophical thought that needs to be completed by addressing critically the presuppositions or ‘foundations’ of Kant’s philosophy itself. To these presuppositions belong Kant’s architectonic of reason in general and the role the concept of freedom has within it in particular. It is shown that Kant’s cosmological or transcendental freedom does not so much establishes a secure starting point for further elaborations within the realm of practical philosophy but should primarily be taken as a problem in itself. By doing so, it becomes clear that the profile of Kant’s critical conception of freedom as well as that of the third antinomy heavily draw upon the German metaphysical tradition of the 18th century. By considering Kant’s conception of cosmological freedom in the context of the discussions of his age, several preliminaries and non justified constellations come into view. From Hegel’s perspective, they cannot be justified; rather, getting to the bottom of them transcendentally leads to a more general concept of freedom than Kant’s. The consequences of all this are illustrated by revisiting the transcendental philosophy of Bruno Bauch, probably the best neo-Kantian Kant specialist.
Towards a new conception of metaphysics: Lambert’s criticism on Wolff’s mathematical method
Authors: Wellmann Gesa
Published: October 2017

This paper discusses Lambert’s criticism of Wolff’s mathematical method. I take this criticism to consist of two main aspects. Lambert tries on the one hand to revise Wolff’s idea of fundamental concepts by providing what he takes to be a more profound theory of concepts. On the other hand, Lambert introduces postulates that regulate the connection between fundamental concepts and account for their application to experience. Both transformations allow Lambert to put forward a novel approach to metaphysics which is essentially oriented towards experience.
VII Coloquio Multilateral Kant 2017
Authors: Órdenes Azúa Paula
Published: October 2017

Informe del VII Coloquio Multilateral Kant. Entre el 28 y 30 de abril del presente año tuvo lugar en la ciudad alemana de Halle (Saale) la séptima versión del Multilateral-Kant-Coloquio, en esta oportunidad el evento tuvo como temática de su convocatoria “Kant y sus críticos” y contó con la presencia de más de cincuenta especialistas dedicados al estudio de la filosofía kantiana, provenientes de tres continentes: América, Asia y Europa.
Los deberes del amor en la doctrina kantiana de la virtud Su ubicación en el límite entre razón y sentimiento
Authors: Dörflinger Bernd
Published: October 2017

La presente contribución ha de ser considerada un tentativo de entender la noción de amor contenida en el concepto ‘deber del amor’ –no detalladamente desplegado por Kant y, por ello, altamente necesitado de explicación–, y de entenderla en tanto que tiene siempre una significación emotiva y se halla siempre sintéticamente enlazada con el concepto del deber –que siempre tiene una significación intelectual–, de manera que se trata siempre de una correlación libre de contradicciones. Por decirlo en el lenguaje de las facultades, dicha correlación descansa en el nexo ininterrumpido entre la facultad de desear –aquí la superior, la intelectual, que instituye un deber– y la facultad del placer y del displacer, que muestra una reacción emotiva.
What’s in a name?
Authors: Schaller Michael D , McDowell Gary , Porter André , Shippen Dorothy , Friedman Katherine L , Gentry Matthew S , Serio Tricia R , Sundquist Wesley I
Published: October 2017

Numerous concerns have been raised about the sustainability of the biomedical research enterprise in the United States. Improving the postdoctoral training experience is seen as a priority in addressing these concerns, but even identifying who the postdocs are is made difficult by the multitude of different job titles they can carry. Here, we summarize the detrimental effects that current employment structures have on training, compensation and benefits for postdocs, and argue that academic research institutions should standardize the categorization and treatment of postdocs. We also present brief case studies of two institutions that have addressed these challenges and can provide models for other institutions attempting to enhance their postdoctoral workforces and improve the sustainability of the biomedical research enterprise.
Multiparameter Optimization for Electromagnetic Inversion Problem
Authors: Elkattan M. , Kamel A.
Published: October 2017

Electromagnetic (EM) methods have been extensively used in geophysical investigations such as mineral and hydrocarbon exploration as well as in geological mapping and structural studies. In this paper, we developed an inversion methodology for Electromagnetic data to determine physical parameters of a set of horizontal layers. We conducted Forward model using transmission line method. In the inversion part, we solved multi parameter optimization problem where, the parameters are conductivity, dielectric constant, and permeability of each layer. The optimization problem was solved by simulated annealing approach. The inversion methodology was tested using a set of models representing common geological formations.
Beam Diversity Analysis of Compact Microstrip Antenna with Suspended Superstrate: An Experimental Study
Authors: Barad D. , Behera S.
Published: October 2017

A multi-functional microstrip compact antenna capable of steering the main beam to eight different directions in the elevation plane is conferred in this study. The compact antenna consists of a driven patch of to bring in the resonance to , for achieving enormous application in european radar service under Wi-MAX band. The conductive layer on the superstrate deflect the beam with an angle corresponding to the position of superstrate on parasitic layer, without considering complex phase shifters and associated circuits. Proper alignment of superstrate results maximum scanning angle ofwithof deflection angle. The directivity of the antenna is enhanced by manipulating the parameters of the superstrate. The gain of the antenna was improved up to  and the efficiency is improved up to  using engineered superstrate. The full-wave simulation as well as analytical study was done using the IE3D EM simulator.
Fast Wideband Solutions Obtained Using Model Based Parameter Estimation with Method of Moments
Authors: Kaburcuk F.
Published: October 2017

Integration of the Model Based Parameter Estimation (MBPE) technique into Method of Moments (MOM) provides fast solutions over a wide frequency band to solve radiation and scattering problems. The MBPE technique uses the Padé rational function to approximate solutions over a wide frequency band from a solution at a fixed frequency. In this paper, the MBPE technique with MOM is applied to a thin-wire antenna. The solutions obtained by repeated simulations of MOM agree very well with the solutions obtained by MBPE technique in a single simulation. Therefore, MBPE technique according to MOM provides a remarkable saving in the computation time. Computed results show that solutions at a wider frequency band of interest are achieved in a single simulation.
Direction of Arrival Estimation in the presence of Scatterer in noisy environment
Authors: Aslam T. , Ahmed I. , Aslam M. I. , Ali S. M. U. , Malik T.
Published: October 2017

We present an algorithm to estimate direction of arrival (DOA) of an incoming wave received at an array antenna in the scenario where the incoming wave is contaminated by the additive white Gaussian noise and scattered by arbitrary shaped 3D scatterer(s). We present different simulation examples to show the validity of the proposed method. It is observed that the proposed algorithm is capable of closely estimating the DOA of an incoming wave irrespective of the shape of the scatterer provided the decision is made over multiple iterations. Moreover, presence of noise affects the estimate especially in the case of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that gives a relatively large estimation error. However, for larger SNR the DOA estimation is primarily dependent on the scatterer only.
Ferromagnetic Resonance Measurement Using a Novel Short Circuited Coaxial Probe Technique
Authors: Kaur T. , Bhyrava M. D. V. , Olvera-Cervantes J. L. , Corona-Chavez A.
Published: October 2017

A versatile technique to characterize the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) of ferrite samples using a short circuited coaxial probe is presented. The technique has sensitivity comparable to that of well-established methods besides its non-contact nature, broadband and local. Detailed theoretical approach and simulation studies (Proof of Concept) using HFSS are presented. Microwave measurements on different single crystal and polycrystalline samples (Yttrium Iron Garnet (Y3Fe5O12) YIG and Nickel Ferrite (NiFe2O4) NFO have been performed. We measured the FMR response of these samples as a function of frequency and the data showed the expected variation for both in plane and out of plane magnetic fields.
On the reduction of the third-order harmonic losses in low–voltage power cables used for feeding large LED and CFL lighting loads
Authors: Milardovich N. J. , Prevosto L. , Lara M. Á. , Milardovich D.
Published: October 2017

An experimental investigation of diversity factors of CFL (compact fluorescent lamps) in combination with LED (light emitting diode) lamps is presented in this paper. Attention was paid to the reduction of low–order harmonic currents, especially the third one; which is mainly responsible for the strong increase in power losses in the neutral conductor of low–voltage installations. The harmonic currents drawn by several LED and CFL lamps with nominal powers < 25 W were first measured to investigate the electrical characteristics of individual lamps. In addition, a series of experiments was conducted in which LED lamps were powered between lines through small autotransformers thus avoiding the use of the neutral conductor. The results showed in both cases a sensible reduction of the harmonic current of third order and therefore a marked reduction of the power losses associated with them.
Dielectric Coated Slotted Elliptic Antenna Embedded Partly in Infinite Ground Plane
Authors: Hamid A.-K.
Published: October 2017

Radiation characteristics of an axially slotted elliptic antenna coated by conventional dielectric or metamaterial material and embedded partly in infinite ground plane are investigated analytically for TM case. The field in each region is written in terms of appropriate radial and angular Mathieu functions with expansion field coefficients. The boundary conditions at the conducting, dielectric coating and ground plane surfaces are enforced exactly to obtain the unknown field expansion coefficients. Results are obtained and plotted for the radiation pattern to show the effect of the presence of the infinite ground plane and parameters of the material dielectric coating.
Design and Fabrication of a Novel Quadruple-Band Monopole Antenna Using a U-DGS and Open-Loop-Ring Resonators
Authors: Boutejdar A. , Challal M. , Bennani S. D. , Mouhouche F. , Djafri K.
Published: October 2017

In this Article, a novel quadruple-band microstrip patch antenna is proposed for the systems operating at quad-band applications. The antenna structure is composed of modified rectangular patch antenna with a U-shaped defected ground structure (DGS) unit and two parasitic elements (open-loop-ring resonators) to serve as a coupling-bridge. The proposed antenna with a total size of 31×33 mm2 is fabricated and tested. The measured result indicates that the designed antenna has impedance bandwidths for 10 dB return loss reach about 180 MHz (4.4–4.58 GHz), 200 MHz (5.4–5.6 GHz), 1100 MHz (7.2–8.3 GHz), and 700 MHz (9.6–10.3 GHz), which meet the requirements of the wireless local area network (WLAN), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), C and X bands applications. Good agreement is obtained between measurement and simulation results.
A Cylindrical Wideband Conformal Fractal Antenna for GPS Application
Authors: Sahoo R. , Vakula D.
Published: October 2017

In this paper, a novel wideband conformal fractal antenna is proposed for GPS application. The concepts of fractal and partial ground are used in conformal antenna design for miniaturization and bandwidth enhancement. It comprises of Minkowski fractal patch on a substrate of Rogers RT/duroid 5880 with permittivity 2.2 and thickness of 0.787mm with microstrip inset feed. The proposed conformal antenna has a patch dimension about 0.39λmm×0.39λmm, and partial ground plane size is 29mm×90mm.The proposed antenna is simulated, fabricated and measured for both planar and conformal geometry, with good agreement between measurements and simulations. The size of the fractal patch is reduced approximately by 32% as compared with conventional patch. It is observed that the conformal antenna exhibits a fractional bandwidth(for the definition of -10dB) of 43.72% operating from 1.09 to 1.7GHz, which is useful for L1(1.56-1.58GHz), L2(1.21-1.23GHz), L3(1.37-1.39GHz), L4(1.36-1.38GHz), and L5(1.16-1.18 GHz) in GPS and Galileo frequencies: E=1589.742MHz(4MHzbandwidth), E2=1561. 098MHz(4MHzbandwidth), E5a=1176.45MHz(=L5),E5b= 1207.14MHz, and E6=1278.75MHz(40MHz bandwidth). The radiation pattern exhibits an omnidirectional pattern, and gain of proposed antenna is 2.3dBi to 3.5dBi within operating frequency range.
Surface Plasmon-Polaritons and Transverse Spin Angular Momentum at the Boundary of Hyperbolic Metamaterial with Arbitrary Orientation of the Optical Axis
Authors: Belyi V. , Kurilkina S. , Kazak N. , Agabekov V.
Published: October 2017

The possibility is established and the conditions are found for localization of plasmon-polaritons (PPs) near the boundaries of hyperbolic metamaterials (HMs) of both I and II types with arbitrary orientation of the optical axis. It is grounded that such surface PP has the transverse spin momentum which depends on the wavelength of the exciting wave, the orientation of the optical axis of the hyperbolic metamaterial, and dielectric properties of bordered media.
Fibonacci Sequences Quasiperiodic A5B6C7 Ferroelectric Based Photonic Crystal: FDTD analysis
Authors: Simsek S. , Palaz S. , Mamedov A. M. , Ozbay E.
Published: October 2017

In this study, we present an investigation of the optical properties and band structures for the conventional and Fibonacci photonic crystals (PCs) based on some A5B6C7 ferroelectrics (SbSBr and BiTeCl). Here, we use one dimensional SbSBr and BiTeCl based layers in air background. We have theoretically calculated the photonic band structure and transmission spectra of SbSBr and BiTeCl based PC superlattices. The position of minima in the transmission spectrum correlates with the gaps obtained in the calculation. The intensity of the transmission depths is more intense in the case of higher refractive index contrast between the layers. In our simulation, we employed the finite-difference time domain  technique and the plane wave expansion method, which implies the solution of Maxwell equations with centered finite-difference expressions for the space and time derivatives.
Triple-Notched Band CPW fed UWB Antenna with Metallic Reflector for High Gain Performance
Authors: Jangid K. G. , Jain P. K. , Sharma B. R. , Saxena V. K. , Kulhar V. S. , Bhatnagar D.
Published: October 2017

This paper exhibits the design and performance of a coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed triple notched band ultra-wide band (UWB) antenna. Proposed prototype has two U-shaped slots on the patch and an inverted U slot in feed line with a metal reflector beneath the radiating element. Proposed structure renders wider impedance bandwidth extended between frequencies 2.71GHz to 12.92 GHz for VSWR < 2 with three rejection bands in the frequency ranges 3.456 to 3.988 GHz (WI-MAX IEEE 802.16), 5.27 to 6.032 GHz (WLAN IEEE 802.11 a/h/j/n) and 7.88 to 8.65 GHz (X-band down link satellite system) for VSWR > 2. The utmost simulated gain of proposed antenna with reflector is close to 9.9dBi at 7.4GHz. A sharp reduction observed in the efficiency values of the proposed structure at stop bands. Perhaps, this structure proved as a useful tool for various applications in modern communication systems including UWB.
Fractal Shaped Antenna based tri-band Energy Harvester
Authors: Datta S. , Kar K. , Pal M. , Ghatak R.
Published: October 2017

Energy can be conserved by reusing what has already been spent. Such type of energy is readily available in the electromagnetic form (ambient RF energy). Signals broadcasted from AM, FM, cellular base stations and millions of other wireless devices can be converted to DC power. However, the main roadblock in this field of research is the level of power that ambient radiation carries. High efficiency antennas and rectifier circuits are required to harvest a fair amount of energy that can be used by low power devices. This paper presents the design of a novel multiband fractal antenna and a rectifier circuit that can be used to harvest ambient RF energy.
A Novel Hammer-Shaped UWB Antenna with Triple Notched-Band for Rejecting RLS, WLAN and XSCS bands
Authors: Mewara H. S. , Jhanwar D. , Sharma M. M. , Deegwal J. K.
Published: October 2017

A novel hammer-shaped UWB printed antenna with triple notched stop bands is presented and fabricated on FR-4 substrate with size of 40×40×1.6 mm3. The proposed antenna is composed of hammer-shaped patch with C-shaped slot, U-shaped slot on feed line, and inverted stepped notch and bevel edges with pair of L-shaped slots in partial ground plane. The fabricated antenna is tested and obtained impedance bandwidth 2.89 ̶ 11.6 GHz with three notched stop bands 3.15 ̶ 3.7 GHz, 5.45 ̶ 6.8 GHz, and 7.5 ̶  8.8 GHz, for radiolocation system (RLS), wireless local area networks (WLAN), and X-band satellite communication system (XSCS) bands, respectively. Moreover, the antenna result shows omnidirectional radiation pattern, average gain of 3.10 dBi over the whole UWB band except at the notched frequency bands.
The use of a bioeconomical model in the fishery of the red sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus franciscanus, from the northwestern coast of Baja California, Mexico
Authors: Canedo-López Y , Dreyfus-Léon MJ , Cota-Villavicencio A
Published: October 2017

The commercial fishery of the red sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus franciscanus, an important resource in Baja California, is showing signs of overexploitation. The yield per recruit and the Beverton and Holt optimization dynamic models were used to find the size at first capture that allows maximum profits and keeps the resource at a sustainable level for future generations. The biological parameters used were L = 155 mm, K = 0.22 and M = 0.22. The yield per recruit model suggests that to maximize yield it is necessary to increase the size of first capture to 105 mm with fishing mortality close to 0.65. The results of the dynamic optimization model indicated that the size of optimum catch and cohort biomass decrease as the discount rate increases, and this is reflected in a reduction of the yields. For discount rates lower than 5%, which is recommended for this fishery, the size of optimum catch is located between 110 and 116 mm. Both models suggest that the minimum legal size established by the Ministry of Natural Resources, Environment and Fishing (SEMARNAP) of 80 mm for the red sea urchin is below the size that allows obtaining optimal gains. In order to obtain large catches in the long term and to maximize the economical profits it is necessary to increase the size of first capture to 110 mm. For the discount rate of 0% a time interval was calculated in which fishing takes place with a maximum rate. The results indicate that the fishing season can be reduced from eight to four months.
Application of a hydrodynamic model to a coastal zone
Authors: Rendón-Villalobos JR , Vicente-Vidal F , Vicente-Vidal VM
Published: October 2017

This study describes the results of a numerical simulation of the hydrodynamic behavior of cooling water discharged into the sea from the Tuxpan Power Plant under two different meteorological and oceanographic conditions: case I, southwesterly variable winds with an average velocity of 3 m s–1 and case II, northwesterly variable winds with an average velocity of 11.1 m s–1. The numerical simulations were made using a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of coastal circulation and heat exchange. The southerly winds induce a sea surface circulation towards the north, which moves the discharged warm water away from the intake. The northerly winds, however, drive the hydrothermal effluent towards the intake. Comparisons between the numerical simulation results and field data show that the model correctly predicts the surface diffusion and dispersion of the hydrothermal effluents measured August 18 to 21, 1992 (case I) and November 24 to 27, 1992 (case II). The model predicts the extent of the areas impacted with cooling water with a precision of ±11%. For all the cases analyzed, the real size of the impacted areas that might have adverse effects on the marine ecosystems was not greater than 100 m2. Thus, these possible adverse effects are considered to be of local significance only. The simulated vertical profiles of temperature show that the discharged cooling water remains mostly on the surface of the receiving water mass and reaches a maximum depth of 3.5 m.
Stochastic estimation of the catchability and recruitment of the jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas (D'Orbigny, 1835) Of The Gulf Of California, Mexico
Authors: Morales-Bojórquez E , Nevárez-Martínez MO
Published: October 2017

In this paper a depletion model with two different approaches (stochastic and deterministic) was analyzed, in order to compare the observation error hypothesis in the catch-per-unit effort (CPUE) data, and the process error in the model, as well as its effect on the recruitment and catchability estimates in the jumbo squid fishery from the Gulf of California, Mexico. Results showed an underestimation of the catchability (q) when the deterministic aproach was used. The observation error showed a bias in q (+31%) higher than in recruitment (+8%), while a Monte Carlo simulation estimated a negative bias for q, and a positive bias in recruitment. The computation of the expected value of catchability ( E(ˆqCPUE/Ci)) was 2.8 × 10–4, while the confidence intervals with the deterministic model were 3.3 × 10–4 < q < 4.1 × 10–4, showing that the estimate of E(ˆqCPUE/Ci) was not within these confidence intervals.  E(ˆqCPUE/Ci) fitted the model to the data, describing the trend of the CPUE index in time, and its implications in the management of the jumbo squid fishery.
Mortality and growth of the rock oyster, Crassostrea iridescens (Hanley, 1854), at San Ignacio, Sinaloa, Mexico
Authors: Melchor-Aragón JM , Ruíz-Luna A , Terrazas-Gaxiola R , Acosta-Castañeda C
Published: October 2017

With the aim of contributing with technical information necessary for the management of the rock oyster fishery in Sinaloa (Mexico), a survey of the rock oyster Crassostrea iridescens was done using individual buoys hooked to the rocky bottom in order to recover and identify 99 tagged specimens, including estimates for natural mortality (M), growth rates and the relationship between total length and total weight. Data for rock oysters were recorded during two sampling phases (March-April and September-October 1995), and in both cases survival rates (S) were near 80% to give a final estimation of M = 2.2y–1. The lengthweight relation indicates a negative allometric growth, with coefficient values significantly smaller than 3.0 for each period (2.18 and 2.61). The values for the growth parameters of the von Bertalanffy model were L∞ = 134 mm and 155 mm, K = 0.069 and 0.098, t0 = –0.66 and –0.40 for each period. The results agree with the annual environmental variations present in the study area, and appear sufficiently reliable for use in the management of the rock oyster.
Radiocarbon Production by Thunderstorms
Authors: Babich L. P.
Published: October 2017

In view of the neutron flux enhancements observed in thunderstorms, a contribution of thunderstorm neutrons to atmospheric radiocarbon (isotope
) production is analyzed in connection with the archaeometry. Herein, estimates of neutron fluence per lightning electromagnetic pulse in regions with severe thunderstorm activity, at which a local rate of the
production is comparable to the observed rates, are shown to be consistent with the measured magnitudes of thunderstorm neutron fluence. At present, available observations of atmospheric neutron and parent gamma ray flashes correlated with thunderstorms do not allow making final conclusions about thunderstorm contributions to
production. For this, numerous studies of high‐energy phenomena in thunderstorms are required, especially in the tropical belt where the thunderstorm activity is especially severe and where the
production by galactic cosmic rays is almost independent of the solar activity disturbing the Earth's magnetic field shielding the Earth from cosmic rays.
Bulk Doping of Millimeter‐Thick Conjugated Polymer Foams for Plastic Thermoelectrics
Authors: Kroon Renee , Ryan Jason D. , Kiefer David , Yu Liyang , Hynynen Jonna , Olsson Eva , Müller Christian
Published: October 2017

Foaming of plastics allows for extensive tuning of mechanical and physicochemical properties. Utilizing the foam architecture for plastic semiconductors can be used to improve ingression of external molecular species that govern the operation of organic electronic devices. In case of plastic thermoelectrics, utilizing solid semiconductors with realistic (millimeter (mm)‐thick) dimensions does not permit sequential doping—while sequential doping offers the higher thermoelectric performance compared to other methods—because this doping methodology is diffusion limited. In this work, a fabrication process for poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) foams is presented, based on a combination of salt leaching and thermally induced phase separation. The obtained micro‐ and nanoporous architecture permits rapid and uniform doping of mm‐thick foams with 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane, while thick solid P3HT structures suffer from protracted doping times and a dopant‐depleted central region. Importantly, the thermoelectric performance of a P3HT foam is largely retained when normalized with regard to the quantity of used material.
Dual‐Fiber Approach toward Flexible Multifunctional Hybrid Materials
Authors: Wicklein Bernd , Diem Achim M. , Knöller Andrea , Cavalcante Manoella S. , Bergström Lennart , Bill Joachim , Burghard Zaklina
Published: October 2017

Multifunctional paper‐like materials containing metal oxide nanofibers are important for flexible electronics and other redox‐based applications, but are often prone to mechanical failure. This work presents the coassembly of V2O5 nanofibers (VNFs) in a dual‐fiber approach together with cellulose nanofibers to produce tough (0.26 MJ m−3), but strong (250 MPa) flexible hybrid materials. Indeed, nanotensile tests reveal a significant increase in toughness (200%) and strength (85%) of the hybrid films as compared to pristine VNF films. The microstructure of the films shows a transition from an anisotropic texture for the single‐component films to an isotropic, entangled network in case of the hybrid films, which facilitates effective fracture resistance mechanisms. The flexible hybrid films display high electrical conductivity (0.2 S cm−1) and elastic properties originating from V2O5 nanofibers with excellent toughness and transparency endowed by the cellulose nanofibers. The self‐supported hybrid films show reversible electrochromic behavior without the need for common substrates such as conducting indium tin oxide glass. It is conceivable that these self‐supported films can be exploited in the future in smart, flexible optoelectronic devices.
Fundamentals of Laser‐Based Hydrogel Degradation and Applications in Cell and Tissue Engineering
Authors: Pradhan Shantanu , Keller Keely A. , Sperduto John L. , Slater John H.
Published: October 2017

The cell and tissue engineering fields have profited immensely through the implementation of highly structured biomaterials. The development and implementation of advanced biofabrication techniques have established new avenues for generating biomimetic scaffolds for a multitude of cell and tissue engineering applications. Among these, laser‐based degradation of biomaterials is implemented to achieve user‐directed features and functionalities within biomimetic scaffolds. This review offers an overview of the physical mechanisms that govern laser–material interactions and specifically, laser–hydrogel interactions. The influences of both laser and material properties on efficient, high‐resolution hydrogel degradation are discussed and the current application space in cell and tissue engineering is reviewed. This review aims to acquaint readers with the capability and uses of laser‐based degradation of biomaterials, so that it may be easily and widely adopted.
Nanoscale Bubble Domains and Topological Transitions in Ultrathin Ferroelectric Films
Authors: Zhang Qi , Xie Lin , Liu Guangqing , Prokhorenko Sergei , Nahas Yousra , Pan Xiaoqing , Bellaiche Laurent , Gruverman Alexei , Valanoor Nagarajan
Published: October 2017

Observation of a new type of nanoscale ferroelectric domains, termed as “bubble domains”—laterally confined spheroids of sub‐10 nm size with local dipoles self‐aligned in a direction opposite to the macroscopic polarization of a surrounding ferroelectric matrix—is reported. The bubble domains appear in ultrathin epitaxial PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3/SrTiO3/PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 ferroelectric sandwich structures due to the interplay between charge and lattice degrees of freedom. The existence of the bubble domains is revealed by high‐resolution piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM), and is corroborated by aberration‐corrected atomic‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy mapping of the polarization displacements. An incommensurate phase and symmetry breaking is found within these domains resulting in local polarization rotation and hence impart a mixed Néel–Bloch‐like character to the bubble domain walls. PFM hysteresis loops for the bubble domains reveal that they undergo an irreversible phase transition to cylindrical domains under the electric field, accompanied by a transient rise in the electromechanical response. The observations are in agreement with ab‐initio‐based calculations, which reveal a very narrow window of electrical and elastic parameters that allow the existence of bubble domains. The findings highlight the richness of polar topologies possible in ultrathin ferroelectric structures and bring forward the prospect of emergent functionalities due to topological transitions.
Spin‐1 Bose Hubbard Model with Nearest Neighbour Extended Interaction
Authors: Nabi Sk Noor , Basu Saurabh
Published: October 2017

A spinor () Bose gas is studied in presence of a density‐density interaction through a mean field approach and a perturbation theory for either sign of the spin dependent interaction, namely the antiferromagnetic (AF) and the ferromagnetic cases. In the AF case, the charge density wave (CDW) phase appears to be sandwiched between the Mott insulating (MI) and the supersolid phases for small values of the extended interaction strength. But the CDW phase completely occupies the MI lobe when the extended interaction strength is larger than a certain critical value related to the width of the MI lobes and hence opens up the possibilities of spin singlet and nematic CDW insulating phases. In the ferromagnetic case, the phase diagram shows similar features as that of the AF case and are in complete agreement with a spin‐0 Bose gas. The perturbation expansion calculations nicely corroborate the mean field phase results in both these cases. Further, we extend our calculations in presence of a harmonic confinement and obtained the momentum distribution profile that is related to the absorption spectra in order to distinguish between different phases.
Mangankomplexe in der (De)Hydrier‐Katalyse – ein Vergleich mit Cobalt‐ und Eisenkatalysatoren
Authors: Kallmeier Fabian , Kempe Rhett
Published: October 2017

Der nachhaltige Umgang mit den Ressourcen unseres Planeten ist essenziell. Edelmetalle sind sehr selten und werden vielfältig in Schlüsseltechnologien wie der Katalyse genutzt. Mangan ist das dritthäufigste Übergangsmetall der Erdkruste und aufgrund seiner kürzlich entdeckten beeindruckenden Reaktivität für Hydrierungen und Dehydrierungen ein potenzieller Edelmetall‐“Ersatz”. An einen derartigen “Ersatz” sind auch Hoffnungen auf neuartige Selektivitätsprofile geknüpft, die mit Edelmetallen nicht erzielt werden können. Dass Mangankomplexe eine solche Reaktivität für (De)Hydrierungen aufweisen, wurde erstmals 2016 gezeigt. Hier fassen wir die seitdem publizierten Arbeiten auf diesem Gebiet zusammen und diskutieren im Besonderen die Bedeutung der Mangankatalysatoren im Vergleich zu Cobalt‐ und Eisenkatalysatoren.
Localized Supramolecular Peptide Self‐Assembly Directed by Enzyme‐Induced Proton Gradients
Authors: Rodon Fores Jennifer , Martinez Mendez Miguel Leonardo , Mao Xiyu , Wagner Déborah , Schmutz Marc , Rabineau Morgane , Lavalle Philippe , Schaaf Pierre , Boulmedais Fouzia , Jierry Loïc
Published: October 2017

Electrodes are ideal substrates for surface localized self‐assembly processes. Spatiotemporal control over such processes is generally directed through the release of ions generated by redox reactions occurring specifically at the electrode. The so‐used gradients of ions proved their effectiveness over the last decade but are in essence limited to material‐based electrodes, considerably reducing the scope of applications. Herein is described a strategy to enzymatically generate proton gradients from non‐conductive surfaces. In the presence of oxygen, immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) on a multilayer film provides a flow of protons through enzymatic oxidation of glucose by GOx. The confined acidic environment located at the solid–liquid interface allows the self‐assembly of Fmoc‐AA‐OH (Fmoc=fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl and A=alanine) dipeptides into β‐sheet nanofibers exclusively from and near the surface. In the absence of oxygen, a multilayer nanoreactor containing GOx and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) similarly induces Fmoc‐AA‐OH self‐assembly.
Diastereoselective Construction of Densely Functionalized 1‐Halocyclopentenes Using an Alkynyl Halo‐Prins/Halo‐Nazarov Cyclization Strategy
Authors: Alachouzos Georgios , Frontier Alison J.
Published: October 2017

A diastereoselective two‐step strategy for the synthesis of densely functionalized 1‐halocyclopentenes with several chiral centers has been developed. In the first step, a multicomponent alkynyl halo‐Prins reaction joins an enyne, a carbonyl derivative, and either a chloride, bromide, or iodide to produce a cyclic ether intermediate. In the subsequent step, the intermediate is ionized to generate a halopentadienyl cation, which undergoes an interrupted halo‐Nazarov cyclization. The products contain three new contiguous stereogenic centers, generated with a high level of stereocontrol, as well as a vinyl halide allowing for additional functionalization. The strategy creates two new carbon–carbon bonds, one carbon–halide bond, and one carbon–oxygen bond.
Access to Chiral Hydropyrimidines through Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic C−H Amination
Authors: Wang Pu‐Sheng , Shen Meng‐Lan , Wang Tian‐Ci , Lin Hua‐Chen , Gong Liu‐Zhu
Published: October 2017

A palladium‐catalyzed asymmetric intramolecular allylic C−H amination controlled by a chiral phosphoramidite ligand was established for the preparation of various substituted chiral hydropyrimidinones, the precursors of hydropyrimidines, in high yields with high enantioselectivities. In particular, dienyl sodium N‐sulfonyl amides bearing an arylethene‐1‐sulfonyl group underwent a sequential allylic C−H amination and intramolecular Diels–Alder (IMDA) reaction to produce chiral fused tricyclic tetrahydropyrimidinone frameworks in high yields and with high levels of stereoselectivity. Significantly, this method was used as the key step in an asymmetric synthesis of letermovir.
Atomically Dispersed Copper–Platinum Dual Sites Alloyed with Palladium Nanorings Catalyze the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Chao Tingting , Luo Xuan , Chen Wenxing , Jiang Bin , Ge Jingjie , Lin Yue , Wu Geng , Wang Xiaoqian , Hu Yanmin , Zhuang Zhongbin , Wu Yuen , Hong Xun , Li Yadong
Published: October 2017

Designing highly active catalysts at an atomic scale is required to drive the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Copper–platinum (Cu‐Pt) dual sites were alloyed with palladium nanorings (Pd NRs) containing 1.5 atom % Pt, using atomically dispersed Cu on ultrathin Pd NRs as seeds. The ultrafine structure of atomically dispersed Cu‐Pt dual sites was confirmed with X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements. The Pd/Cu‐Pt NRs exhibit excellent HER properties in acidic solution with an overpotential of only 22.8 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a high mass current density of 3002 A g−1(Pd+Pt) at a −0.05 V potential.
Cooperative Multifunctional Catalysts for Nitrone Synthesis: Platinum Nanoclusters in Amine‐Functionalized Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Li Xinle , Zhang Biying , Tang Linlin , Goh Tian Wei , Qi Shuyan , Volkov Alexander , Pei Yuchen , Qi Zhiyuan , Tsung Chia‐Kuang , Stanley Levi , Huang Wenyu
Published: October 2017

Nitrones are key intermediates in organic synthesis and the pharmaceutical industry. The heterogeneous synthesis of nitrones with multifunctional catalysts is extremely attractive but rarely explored. Herein, we report ultrasmall platinum nanoclusters (PtNCs) encapsulated in amine‐functionalized Zr metal–organic framework (MOF), UiO‐66‐NH2 (Pt@UiO‐66‐NH2) as a multifunctional catalyst in the one‐pot tandem synthesis of nitrones. By virtue of the cooperative interplay among the selective hydrogenation activity provided by the ultrasmall PtNCs and Lewis acidity/basicity/nanoconfinement endowed by UiO‐66‐NH2, Pt@UiO‐66‐NH2 exhibits remarkable activity and selectivity, in comparison to Pt/carbon, Pt@UiO‐66, and Pd@UiO‐66‐NH2. Pt@UiO‐66‐NH2 also outperforms Pt nanoparticles supported on the external surface of the same MOF (Pt/UiO‐66‐NH2). To our knowledge, this work demonstrates the first examples of one‐pot synthesis of nitrones using recyclable multifunctional heterogeneous catalysts.