bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Olfactory Ensheathing Cells Inhibit Gliosis in Retinal Degeneration by Downregulation of the Müller Cell Notch Signaling Pathway
Authors: Xie Jing , Huo Shujia , Li Yijian , Dai Jiaman , Xu Haiwei , Yin Zheng Qin
Published: February 2017

Retinal regeneration and self-repair, whether in response to injury or degenerative disease, are severely impeded by glial scar formation by Müller cells (specialized retinal macroglia). We have previously demonstrated that the activation of Müller cells and gliosis in the degenerative retina are significantly suppressed by the subretinal transplantation of a mixture of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) and olfactory nerve fibroblasts. However, the underlying molecular mechanism has remained elusive. Here we transplanted purified rat OECs into the subretinal space of pigmented Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats, a classic rodent model of retinal degeneration. Using behavioral testing and electroretinography, we confirmed that the grafted OECs preserved the visual function of rats for 8 weeks, relative to vehicle controls (phosphate-buffered saline). Histological evaluation of outer nuclear layer thickness and composition demonstrated that more photoreceptors and ON-bipolar cells were preserved in the retinas of OEC-treated RCS rats than in controls. The grafted OECs migrated into the outer plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, and inner plexiform layer. They interacted directly with Müller cells in the retina of RCS rats, in three distinct patterns, and secreted matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 3. Previous studies have demonstrated that rat OECs express delta-like ligand (DLL), while Müller cells express Notch3, the receptor for DLL. Here we found that the grafted OECs significantly decreased the expression, by retinal cells, of Notch signaling pathway components (including Notch3, Notch4, DLL1, DLL4, Jagged1, Hes1, and Hes5) 2 weeks after the cell transplantation and that this effect persisted for a further 2 weeks. Based on these findings, we suggest that transplanted OECs inhibit the activation of Müller cells and the associated gliosis, at least partly through suppression of the Notch pathway.
Overload Of Work Of The Nursing Professionals That Work In The Surgical Center And The Repercussions In The Quality Of Life
Authors: Alves Alany Bezerra da Rocha , Cartaxo Gomes de Arruda Aurilene Josefa , Cavalcanti da Silva Cesar , Caxias de Souza Maurício , De Cássia Tavares da Fonseca Leila , Beserra da Costa Santos Iolanda , Melo Buriti Vasconcelos Josilene , Lima Dereck Sena de , Oliveira Lúcia Raiza Feitosa Alves de , Siqueira Lopes Maria Emanuela , Nascimento José Jailson Costa do , Alves Farias Jamilton , Anderson de Oliveira Cruz Ronny , Costa de Santana Sely , Lima de Paula Fernanda
Published: February 2017

The Surgical Center is a restricted environment of high complexity, where the professionals who work in it deal with exhausting activities, as well as complex and unexpected situations, which are potential physical and psychological stressors, and can interfere in the quality of life. This is an exploratory, descriptive, quantitative qualitative approach, with the objective of analyzing the workload of nursing professionals working at the Surgical Center and the repercussions on the quality of life, submitted and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Health Sciences Center of the Federal University of Paraíba (CCS/ UFPB), according to the protocol n° 0156/16, CAAE: 55298616.3.0000.5188. The sample consisted of 15 nurses of both sexes who work in a Philanthropic Hospital located in the municipality of João Pessoa / PB. A questionnaire was applied to characterize the participants' profile, an interview script with data related to work overload and WHOQOL-Bref. It was found that 80% of the participants were women, the average age was 37.8 years. In the sample, 60% were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with their quality of life, and 33% stated they were dissatisfied with their quality of health. It is concluded that the results obtained provided a more reflective analysis of the workload of nursing professionals working in the surgical center, besides analyzing the repercussions that affect the quality of life of these people, evaluating the association between the variables of the characterization Of the nursing professionals' profile with the domains measured by WOQOL Bref.
Genome‐Wide Analysis of Soybean LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES Domain‐Containing Genes: A Functional Investigation of GmLBD12
Authors: Yang Hui , Shi Guixia , Du Hongyang , Wang Hong , Zhang Zhenzhen , Hu Dezhou , Wang Jiao , Huang Fang , Yu Deyue
Published: February 2017

Plant‐specific LBD (LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES Domain) genes play critical roles in various plant growth and development processes. However, the number and characteristics of LBD genes in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] remain unknown. Here, we identified 90 LBD homologous genes in the soybean genome that phylogenetically clustered into two classes (I and II). The majority of the GmLBD genes were evenly distributed across all 20 soybean chromosomes, and 77 (81.11%) of them were detected in segmental duplicated regions. Furthermore, the exon–intron organization and motif composition for each GmLBD were analyzed. A close phylogenetic relationship was identified between the soybean LBD genes and 41 previously reported genes of different plants in the same group, providing insights into their putative functions. Expression analysis indicated that more than half of the LBD genes were expressed, with the two gene classes showing differential tissue expression characteristics; in addition, they were differentially induced by biotic and abiotic stresses. To further explore the functions of LBD genes in soybean, GmLBD12 was selected for functional characterization. GmLBD12 was mainly localized to the nucleus and showed high expression in root and seed tissues. Overexpressing GmLBD12 in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh resulted in increases in lateral root (LR) number and plant height. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) analysis demonstrated that GmLBD12 was induced by drought, salt, cold, indole acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and salicylic acid SA treatments. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the soybean LBD gene family and a valuable foundation for future functional studies of GmLBD genes.
A BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS AND IMPACT ANALYSIS OF RESIDENTIAL SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS CONSIDERING STATE SOLAR INCENTIVES
Authors: LEE Minhyun , HONG Taehoon , KOO Choongwan , KIM Chan-Joong
Published: February 2017

Despite the steady growth and price reductions of solar photovoltaic (PV) market in the United States (U.S.), the solar PV market still depends on financial support and incentives due to its high initial investment cost. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a break-even analysis and impact analysis of residential solar PV systems by state in the U.S., focused on state solar incentives. Three indexes (i.e., net present value, profitability index (PI) and payback period) were used to evaluate the investment value of the residential solar PV systems considering state solar incentives. Furthermore, PI increase ratio was used to analyze the impact of state solar incentives on the economic feasibility of the residential solar PV systems in each state. As a result, it was found that 18 of the 51 target cities have reached the break-even point and seven of the 51 target cities showed great improvement of the economic feasibility of solar PV systems in the U.S. due to excellent state solar incentives. The results of this study can help policy makers to evaluate and compare the economic impacts of the residential solar PV systems by state in the U.S.
Modeling the Historical Flux of Planetary Impactors
Authors: Nesvorný David , Roig Fernando , Bottke William F.
Published: February 2017

The impact cratering record of the Moon and the terrestrial planets provides important clues about the formation and evolution of the solar system. Especially intriguing is the epoch ≃3.8–3.9 Gyr ago (Ga), known as the Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB), when the youngest lunar basins such as Imbrium and Orientale formed. The LHB was suggested to originate from a slowly declining impactor flux or from a late dynamical instability. Here, we develop a model for the historical flux of large asteroid impacts and discuss how it depends on various parameters, including the time and nature of the planetary migration/instability. We find that the asteroid impact flux dropped by 1–2 orders of magnitude during the first 1 Gyr and remained relatively unchanged over the last 3 Gyr. The early impacts were produced by asteroids whose orbits became excited during the planetary migration/instability, and by those originating from the inner extension of the main belt. The profiles obtained for the early and late versions of the planetary instability initially differ, but end up being similar after ∼3 Ga. Thus, the time of the instability can only be determined by considering the cratering and other constraints during the first ≃1.5 Gyr of the solar system history. Our absolute calibration of the impact flux indicates that asteroids were probably not responsible for the LHB, independently of whether the instability happened early or late, because the calibrated flux is not large enough to explain Imbrium/Orientale and a significant proportion of large lunar craters.
The Spectral Evolution of the First Galaxies. III. Simulated James Webb Space Telescope Spectra of Reionization-epoch Galaxies with Lyman-continuum Leakage
Authors: Zackrisson Erik , Binggeli Christian , Finlator Kristian , Gnedin Nickolay Y. , Paardekooper Jan-Pieter , Shimizu Ikkoh , Inoue Akio K. , Jensen Hannes , Micheva Genoveva , Khochfar Sadegh , Vecchia Claudio Dalla
Published: February 2017

Using four different suites of cosmological simulations, we generate synthetic spectra for galaxies with different Lyman-continuum escape fractions (f
esc) at redshifts

–9, in the rest-frame wavelength range relevant for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) NIRSpec instrument. By investigating the effects of realistic star formation histories and metallicity distributions on the EW(Hβ)–β diagram (previously proposed as a tool for identifying galaxies with very high f
esc), we find that neither of these effects are likely to jeopardize the identification of galaxies with extreme Lyman-continuum leakage. Based on our models, we expect that essentially all

galaxies that exhibit rest-frame

Å to have

. Incorrect assumptions concerning the ionizing fluxes of stellar populations or the dust properties of

galaxies can in principle bias the selection, but substantial model deficiencies of this type should at the same time be evident from offsets in the observed distribution of

galaxies in the EW(Hβ)–β diagram compared to the simulated distribution. Such offsets would thereby allow JWST/NIRSpec measurements of these observables to serve as input for further model refinement.
The Synthesis of 44Ti and 56Ni in Massive Stars
Authors: Chieffi Alessandro , Limongi Marco
Published: February 2017

We discuss the influence of rotation on the combined synthesis of

and

in massive stars. While

is significantly produced by both complete and incomplete explosive Si burning,

is mainly produced by complete explosive Si burning, with a minor contribution (in standard non-rotating models) from incomplete explosive Si burning and O burning (both explosive and hydrostatic). We find that, in most cases, the thickness of the region exposed to incomplete explosive Si burning increases in rotating models (initial velocity, v
ini = 300 km s−1) and since

is significantly produced in this zone, the fraction of mass coming from the complete explosive Si burning zone necessary to get the required amount of

reduces. Therefore the amount of

ejected for a given fixed amount of

decreases in rotating models. However, some rotating models at [Fe/H] = −1 develop a very extended O convective shell in which a consistent amount of

is formed, preserved, and ejected in the interstellar medium. Hence a better modeling of the thermal instabilities (convection) in the advanced burning phases together with a critical analysis of the cross sections of the nuclear reactions operating in O burning are relevant for the understanding of the synthesis of

.
Multiwavelength Transit Observations of the Candidate Disintegrating Planetesimals Orbiting WD 1145+017
Authors: Croll Bryce , Dalba Paul A. , Vanderburg Andrew , Eastman Jason , Rappaport Saul , DeVore John , Bieryla Allyson , Muirhead Philip S. , Han Eunkyu , Latham David W. , Beatty Thomas G. , Wittenmyer Robert A. , Wright Jason T. , Johnson John Asher , McCrady Nate
Published: February 2017

We present multiwavelength, ground-based follow-up photometry of the white dwarf WD 1145+017, which has recently been suggested to be orbited by up to six or more short-period, low-mass, disintegrating planetesimals. We detect nine significant dips in flux of between 10% and 30% of the stellar flux in our ∼32 hr of photometry, suggesting that WD 1145+017 is indeed being orbited by multiple, short-period objects. Through fits to the asymmetric transits that we observe, we confirm that the transit egress is usually longer than the ingress, and that the transit duration is longer than expected for a solid body at these short periods, all suggesting that these objects have cometary tails streaming behind them. The precise orbital periods of the planetesimals are unclear, but at least one object, and likely more, have orbital periods of ∼4.5 hr. We are otherwise unable to confirm the specific periods that have been reported, bringing into question the long-term stability of these periods. Our high-precision photometry also displays low-amplitude variations, suggesting that dusty material is consistently passing in front of the white dwarf, either from discarded material from these disintegrating planetesimals or from the detected dusty debris disk. We compare the transit depths in the V- and R-bands of our multiwavelength photometry, and find no significant difference; therefore, for likely compositions, the radius of single-size particles in the cometary tails streaming behind the planetesimals must be ∼0.15 μm or larger, or ∼0.06 μm or smaller, with 2σ confidence.
Evaluating the Bulk Lorentz Factors of Outflow Material: Lessons Learned from the Extremely Energetic Outburst GRB 160625B
Authors: Wang Yuan-Zhu , Wang Hao , Zhang Shuai , Liang Yun-Feng , Jin Zhi-Ping , He Hao-Ning , Liao Neng-Hui , Fan Yi-Zhong , Wei Da-Ming
Published: February 2017

GRB 160625B is an extremely bright outburst with well-monitored afterglow emission. The geometry-corrected energy is high, up to ∼5.2 × 1052 erg or even ∼8 × 1052 erg, rendering it the most energetic GRB prompt emission recorded so far. We analyzed the time-resolved spectra of the prompt emission and found that in some intervals there were likely thermal-radiation components and the high energy emission was characterized by significant cutoff. The bulk Lorentz factors of the outflow material are estimated accordingly. We found out that the Lorentz factors derived in the thermal-radiation model are consistent with the luminosity-Lorentz factor correlation found in other bursts, as well as in GRB 090902B for the time-resolved thermal-radiation components, while the spectral cutoff model yields much lower Lorentz factors that are in tension with the constraints set by the electron pair Compton scattering process. We then suggest that these spectral cutoffs are more likely related to the particle acceleration process and that one should be careful in estimating the Lorentz factors if the spectrum cuts at a rather low energy (e.g., ∼tens of MeV). The nature of the central engine has also been discussed, and a stellar-mass black hole is favored.
The Case of Northern Mali (Azawad) 2012-13: The State and its Displacement by an Alternative Authority
Authors: Ludvík Zdeněk
Published: February 2017

Northern Mali (Azawad) is an area where the state is unable to fulfill its basic functions. A characteristic feature of the area is the fragmentation of power-political control and authority. This process culminated in 2012-2013 in the complete disintegration of the sovereign architecture of the Malian state. So, rather than the just the state itself, non-state entities have acquired control and authority that, in the Westphalian concept of statehood, they are not entitled to execute. This has not only involved the interference of other state actors, but also TNCs, INGOs and, in particular, violent non-state actors. Thus, various types of governance have emerged in the territory. With the aid of interpretive paths I will introduce typologies of actors who were involved in governance and typologies of territories where such governance took place. The synthesis of these two categories shows that the methods of governance and their consequences have gained highly different forms among the different types of actors.
Terrorist Attacks on the Energy Sector as a Strategy of Al Qaeda in the Middle East and North Africa
Authors: Tichý Lukáš
Published: February 2017

The article discusses the relationship of the Islamist terrorist organization al-Qaeda to issue of the attacks focused on energy sector and their specific manifestations in the Middle East and North Africa. The first aim is to analyze the importance that al-Qaeda attaches to the attacks targeted at the energy sector. The second aim is to describe the main forms, examples, goals and motives of the attacks aimed at the energy sector realized by al-Qaeda in selected countries, particularly Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Iraq, Algeria, Syria and Yemen. The third aim is to analyze impact of al-Qaeda attacks against the energy industry and infrastructure on the energy security.
Statistics of Aviation Accidents and Preconditions for Aviation Accidents in Czechoslovak and Czech Military Jet Aircraft: Fire
Authors: Zavila O. , Chmelík R. , Dopaterová M.
Published: February 2017

The article deals with the statistics of aviation accidents and preconditions for aviation accidents focusing on fires in military jet fighter, trainer-fighter and trainer aircraft in the service of Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic from 1948 until the end of 2015. It presents a unique, previously unpublished, comprehensive overview of air disasters, crashes, damage and preconditions for aviation accidents broken down by aircraft types, as well as a complete list of military regulations containing classifications of such emergency occurrences in Czechoslovak and Czech military aviation over the past 70 years. The overviews are accompanied by explanations on the context and development trends in Czechoslovak and Czech military aviation flight safety and with a unique overview of still available reference and information sources on the subject.
Specific Aspects of Bridge Construction in the Central African Republic
Authors: Benda M. , Coufal D. , Sobotka J.
Published: February 2017

The paper deals with an operation of Italian engineers in Central African Republic (CAR). The aim of the operation was to construct the temporary bridge. This operation was supported by 15th Engineering Regiment and the University of Defence. Two soldiers from the 15th Engineering Regiment were sent to CAR to help Italian engineers. During this operation REACH-BACK concept between University of Defence and 15th Engineer Regiment was used. Communication and cooperation between these units was supported by Information Portal of Engineer Corps. The portal works as a support element for REACH-BACK concept.
Support for Protection of the Large Object Using UAVs
Authors: Blišťanová M. , Blažek J. , Blišťan P. , Reitšpís J. , Havaj P.
Published: February 2017

The article represents a contribution to the protection of a specific object with a large perimeter in difficult terrain conditions. The introduction covers the complex issue of protection of objects as well as a justified usage of Unmanned Aerial vehicles (UAVs) with a camera as a potential technical element of the protection. The crucial part of the contribution is in the form of a specific case study for the purposes of protection and monitoring of the entrance of unauthorized persons into a dangerous area of a former mine. It is proven that the usage of UAVs is, or, more precisely, might be highly effective. However, the discussion points out some actual legislative issues related to using the UAVs equipped with cameras in relation to commercial, but mainly noncommercial, thus scientific-research activity in the context of the Slovak Republic.
Le Mexique à l’heure des réformes structurelles
Authors: Ehrhart Hélène , Gilliot Magali
Published: February 2017

En 2013, le Mexique a mis en place un vaste programme de réformes structurelles visant à lever les obstacles qui entravaient la progression de la croissance économique dans des champs aussi variés que l’éducation, les finances publiques, le secteur financier, l’énergie et les télécommunications. Il est ainsi un des rares pays à avoir voté un nombre aussi important de réformes structurelles en si peu de temps et avec un soutien politique large. La réduction des monopoles et organisations oligopolistiques qui généraient des inefficiences, et l’accès favorisé au crédit à un faible coût pour les ménages et entreprises pourraient entraîner une hausse du taux de croissance potentiel de l’économie mexicaine de près d’un point de pourcentage. Si certaines des réformes ont commencé à faire la preuve de leur efficacité, les effets globaux tardent à se manifester. Et cela d’autant plus qu’elles ne se sont pas attelées à l’atténuation de la nature paradoxale d’une économie mexicaine saine, stable, résiliente et très ouverte commercialement, mais faiblement inclusive, informelle et caractérisée par d’importantes inégalités territoriales et de revenus et par une corruption prégnante. Classification JEL : D40, L16, O54.
L’Argentine après le défaut : conditions d’accès aux marchés internationaux de capitaux et choix de politiques économiques « non conventionnelles »
Authors: Carluccio Juan , Ramos-Tallada Julio
Published: February 2017

Le défaut sur la dette souveraine en 2001 a ouvert pour l’Argentine une période de relations financières complexes avec le reste du monde et riche en changements de politique économique. Raisonnant en termes des déterminants d’offre et de demande de financement externe, cet article montre que l’accès du pays aux marchés internationaux de capitaux a été abordable dans certaines périodes, notamment après la restructuration de la dette en 2005. D’ailleurs certains épisodes de diminution des flux de capitaux entrants nets n’ont pas été dus à des restrictions d’offre mais à une volonté ferme de désendettement des autorités argentines, couplée à la levée de barrières réglementaires. Le renforcement à partir de 2011 de certaines politiques « non conventionnelles », comme la monétisation du déficit et le contrôle des changes, découle certainement de cette pénurie de financement en devises. Or d’autres facteurs plus « structurels » le sous-tendent également : une quête continue d’autonomie dans la politique économique via l’autarcie financière et la « peur » séculaire de dévaluer le peso et de le laisser flotter, de crainte qu’il alimente les anticipations d’inflation. Classification JEL : E58, F30, F32, G01, O54.
Venezuela : l’insoutenabilité du modèle de croissance, source de tous les risques
Authors: Albert Marie , Jude Cristina
Published: February 2017

Alors que le Venezuela est confronté à une sévère crise de balance des paiements suite à la chute du prix du pétrole, il apparaît essentiel de comprendre les origines de cette situation. Cet article étudie tout d’abord les distorsions et les déséquilibres économiques majeurs sous-jacents à cette économie, dont l’hyperinflation, pour ensuite évaluer la capacité du pays à faire face au risque de défaut de paiement. Nous construisons pour cela deux scénarios de besoin et capacité de financement, fortement dépendants du prix du pétrole et du soutien de la Chine. Ainsi nous montrons que, en l’absence d’un rebond très important du prix du pétrole, le défaut de paiement apparaît inévitable. Enfin nous analysons la montée des tensions sociales et politiques qui accompagnent ce contexte économique dégradé. Classification JEL : E31, F31, H63, O54, Q32.
Fonds de pension au Chili : un système en pleine évolution après un tiers de siècle de vie
Authors: Pardo Carlos , Pardo Jaime
Published: February 2017

Les fonds de pensions constituent un sujet passionnel par excellence et ceci quel que soit le pays. Le Chili n’est pas une exception. Au point de représenter un véritable paradigme, l’expérience chilienne en matière de réforme du mode de financement des retraites a ceci de singulier que ce pays a été pionnier dans ce domaine, en substituant de manière radicale des fonds de pension à cotisations définies individuelles obligatoires à son ancien système en répartition. Construit sur trois sections, cet article met tout d’abord en évidence les vertus d’une épargne longue, en lien avec l’existence de fonds de pension, générant des externalités positives, qui contribuent, entre autres, au financement et à la modernisation de l’économie. Puis il décrit et analyse de façon spécifique le mode de fonctionnement des fonds de pension chiliens ainsi que leurs performances. Enfin il présente et analyse les principaux projets de réformes actuellement en débat, qui ont l’objectif déclaré de corriger les insuffisances constatées dans le système actuel de financement des retraités. Classification JEL : G00, G23, H55, J26, O16, O54.
Description des conceptions de la spiritualité et des perceptions du rôle de l’infirmière chez les étudiantes en sciences infirmières quant à la prise en compte de la dimension spirituelle du patient
Authors: Martinez Anne-Marie , Legault Alain
Published: February 2017

Dans la société contemporaine nord-américaine, les personnes d’identifient à diverses affiliations culturelles et religieuses. Au Québec, la profession infirmière souligne l’importance d’inclure la dimension spirituelle pour donner des soins holistiques. Cependant, des écrits suggèrent que la majorité des infirmières n’inclut pas la spiritualité de façon régulière dans les soins. Il est donc apparu important de se pencher sur la compréhension de la spiritualité d’étudiantes infirmières du premier cycle universitaire et sur leurs perceptions du rôle de l’infirmière dans ce domaine. Une recherche descriptive quantitative transversale fut réalisée ce qui a permis d’avoir une vue d’ensemble des perceptions des étudiantes. Un total de trois-cent-quarante-cinq étudiantes a répondu à un questionnaire en ligne comprenant la traduction française du Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale et du Students Survey of Spiritual Care . L’analyse des résultats indique que les étudiantes ont une conception contemporaine de la spiritualité. Elles sont majoritairement en accord que les infirmières doivent inclure la dimension spirituelle dans les soins mais ne se sentent pas assez outillées pour intervenir adéquatement. Des analyses comparatives ont mis en évidence des différences significatives selon l’origine culturelle et leur affiliation ou non à une religion. Des recommandations pour la formation seront aussi présentées.
Postconcussion Syndrome: An Overview for Clinicians
Authors: Smith Sydney T.
Published: February 2017

Postconcussion syndrome (PCS) remains one of the most challenging neuropsychiatric illnesses to evaluate and address clinically. Despite the fact that mild traumatic brain injury (or concussion) accounts for 75% of all head injuries, and that approximately 20% of patients will report a variety of symptoms lasting for months to years (sometimes indefinitely), our understanding of PCS is still evolving and there are few evidence-based treatment options for this condition. PCS involves a cluster of symptoms that are highly variable, not only in populations of patients with PCS, but also with regard to a person's presentation over time. Common symptoms include headache, dizziness, tinnitus, light and noise sensitivity, memory deficits, movement disorders, sleep disturbances, and cognitive impairment, as well as depression, anxiety, and other neuropsychiatric symptoms. This article reviews the latest understanding of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and risk factors associated with PCS. Possible symptoms, potential short- and long-term comorbidities, PCS diagnostic criteria, and the evaluation of athletes suspected of concussive injury are also reviewed.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2017;47(2):77–82.]
Nonpharmacological Treatment of Postconcussion Syndrome
Authors: Eilbacher Kristina
Published: February 2017

A concussion is a mild form of traumatic brain injury that results in symptoms of headache, dizziness, fatigue, and concentration or memory difficulty. Postconcussion syndrome is defined as the persistence of these symptoms beyond 3 months. These initial symptoms can be debilitating and can lead to further physiological or psychological impairments such as depression, slowed processing speed, and gait imbalances. Although pharmacological interventions with antidepressants and stimulants may be useful, some patients may not accept or adequately respond to these interventions. A nonpharmacological approach to treating postconcussion syndrome uses a holistic approach to treat both the mind and body. Nonprescription therapies include vestibular rehabilitation for dizziness, vertigo, and balance/gait difficulties, as well as cognitive-behavioral therapy for both somatic and neuropsychiatric symptoms. The timing and ratio of rest versus rehabilitation through activity is case specific and a matter of ongoing clinical judgment given the uniqueness of each injury and the variety of postconcussive presentations.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2017;47(2):88–91.]
Mitochondrial Dysfunction and New Therapeutic Targets in Bipolar Affective Disorder
Authors: Fizikova Iveta , Dragasek Jozef
Published: February 2017

Bipolar affective disorder (BAD) is a complex illness encompassing varying degrees of fluctuating disturbances of emotions, behavior, thought, cognition, and hedonic and motoric drive over the course of a patient's life. Mitochondrial dysfunction may play an important role in the pathophysiology of BAD. Mitochondrial dysfunction may explain the repeatedly observed changes in the brain of patients with BAD. In BAD, studies of peripheral blood cells have shown changes in antioxidant enzymes, increased lipid peroxidation, elevated levels of reactive nitrogen species, and increased DNA and RNA fragmentation. Early intervention is important in slowing the progression of BAD. Not all patients respond to treatment in the same way, but new treatments are expected to address these clinical challenges. This article reviews the hypothesis of mitochondrial dysfunction and provides a new perspective on therapeutic targets in BAD.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2017;47(2):100–104.]
La frontière hennuyère à la fin du xiiie siècle comme témoin des changements dans la perception et de la construction du territoire français
Authors: Laforgue Aurélien
Published: February 2017

L’histoire du Hainaut médiéval est mal connue en France, la faute incombe à deux éléments : le premier étant le voisinage du comté de Flandre, autrement plus riche et plus puissant et surtout au rôle beaucoup plus marqué dans l’histoire de France ; le second étant que le comté de Hainaut n’était pas vassal du royaume mais du Saint Empire romain germanique.Son statut de territoire frontalier et l’importance de ses liens avec le comté flamand en font, si ce n’est un acteur, tout du moins un témoin privilégié de la construction du pays dans sa partie nord. La présente étude s’attache à mettre en avant la pertinence de l’étude du cas du Hainaut dans les recherches sur la construction du royaume de France et de ses frontières.Dans un premier temps, nous nous intéresserons à la place que prend le comté dans les affaires politiques du royaume, d’abord sous Louis IX avec la séparation de la Flandre et du Hainaut au milieu du xiiie siècle ; puis sous Philippe le Bel lorsque celui-ci entreprend une guerre contre la Flandre. Ces évènements mettent en lumière des enjeux cruciaux qui sont directement liés à l’affermissement du pouvoir royal dans des zones de confins ainsi qu’à la construction du territoire.Dans un second temps, nous mettrons en avant un phénomène particulier qui prit une dimension importante dans ces terres frontalières : les enquêtes territoriales. À la fin du xiiie siècle, Philippe le Bel demanda que soient entreprises plusieurs enquêtes pour déterminer l’appartenance (ou non) de certains territoires au royaume de France. Parmi les terres concernées figure le cas de l’Ostrevant, qui se trouve précisément dans le comté de Hainaut mais appartient à la couronne. L’enquête entamée en 1297 pour déterminer pour déterminer les territoires de l’Ostrevant qui relèvent de l’autorité du roi de France se poursuivit durant plusieurs décennies puisqu’elle était toujours en cours en 1337. Elle est suivie d’autres enquêtes qui se penchent sur différentes terres du comté de Hainaut. De fait, l’étude du comté nordiste nous apporte à nouveau des éléments significatifs sur l’évolution de la construction du territoire français.Un virage s’est amorcé de façon très nette sous Philippe le Bel, qui vise à affirmer le pouvoir royal sur l’ensemble des territoires de la couronne ; cet élément a déjà été constaté et commenté à plusieurs reprises dans l’historiographie. Cependant, le lien fait avec la représentation des limites de ce territoire ainsi que l’enjeu lié aux frontières durant le règne de ce même souverain n’a guère été souligné. Le Hainaut, de par sa position et son statut se révèle donc un témoin privilégié de ces changements.
Self-Control Beyond Clans and Culture
Authors: Möltner Hannah , Morner Michèle , Nevries Pascal
Published: February 2017

Modern organizations increasingly depend on employees' cooperation. Clan control has been proposed in the literature as a means of organizing cooperation. This conceptual chapter provides an overview of the origins of clan control in the fields of organizational culture and organizational control. While the literature review shows an existing underdevelopment in terms of how clan control translates into cooperative behavior, it still identifies the internal nature of clan control. Following this characterization, the authors develop a three-step process model of self-control that is initiated by supportive leadership, and translated internally through employees' cognitive and motivational processes into cooperative behavior. Further additive, weakening, and strengthening effects of combining self-control with bureaucratic control and market control are discussed. The model provides practical levers for implementing self-control, and extends existing theory to include its cognitive, motivational, and behavioral processes.
Best Practice Model Tools and Methods for Developing KM Systems
Authors: Noszkay Erzsébet
Published: February 2017

This chapter focuses on an experience based presentation of the parameters that determine organizational culture, and the impact that basic interrelationships among such parametric factors exercise on the elaboration of KM; the timing and the sort of KM structure, configuration that is feasible to make KM an approved and successful management function within a corporate structure; the possibility and the proper timing of the elaboration of KM through corporate strategic approach i.e. starting from above (decision of the senior management), and the efficiency of a solution initiated from below (by the members of the organization). This chapter will describe some practice-proven solutions, such as: the application of the problem solution method named action research that could be expedient in the implementation of KM in certain cases, and times and situations where the application of the “sandwich method” could be expedient. Also, this chapter describes knowledge transfer experiences that facilitate the recognition of the “capillary model”, its substance and scope of utilization.
Hazmat Transport Safety and Alternative Transport Modes
Authors: Zamparini Luca , Reniers Genserik , Ziolkowski Michael
Published: February 2017

This paper analyzes 21 years of data related to unintentional hazardous materials (hazmat) releases on air, marine, and rail transportation modes reported in the United States (U.S.) -- although their origins and destinations may be outside the U.S. The authors' analysis reveals thousands of cases have occurred and their impacts vary by mode. These impacts include material losses, carrier damages, property damages, response costs, and remediation and clean-up costs. There appears to be some reduction in the frequency of incidents and accidents as regulations have been promulgated, although the authors cannot attribute causation. They review suggests that enhanced regulations and attentiveness have probably led to better reporting of hazmat occurrences. Moreover, developing and maintaining safer processes and designing safer products, containers, and systems can play an important role in minimizing hazmat releases.
Adhesion of Steel and PMMA by Means of Laser Radiation
Authors: Bauernhuber Andor , Markovits Tamás , Trif László , Csanády Ágnes
Published: February 2017

As the utilization of plastics is growing in our devices, their joining with other structural materials, like metals is more and more necessary. A novel method for joining polymeric materials and metals is the laser assisted metal plastic joining. The method is in focus of several researches. However, the mechanism of joint formation is not described sufficiently yet. In this study, the adhesion between structural steel and PMMA plastic and the phenomena of bubble formation is investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry and mass spectrometry (TG-MS) were used to analyze joining interfaces and changes in the plastic material. Results show good adhesion between the mentioned materials and the important role of bubbles in the evolution of joining force.
Tea tourism as a marketing tool: a strategy to develop the image of Sri Lanka as an attractive tourism destination
Authors: Fernando P. I. N. , Rajapaksha R. M. P. D. K. , Kumari K. W. S. N.
Published: February 2017

Tourism is one of the world’s largest industries as well a provider of employments over to 100 million populations around the world. Niche tourism refers to strategy that specific tourism product personalized to meet the needs of a particular tourist segment. Hence Tea tourism has been identified as one niche Tourism segment emerged with novel concept of sustainable and nature based eco-friendly tourism. Research objective is to identify the potentials to promote Sri Lanka as a tea tourism destination with special reference to Badulla and Nuwara Eliya districts by investigating the tea tourists’ attitudes, expectations and destination attributes and local community involvement for tea tourism. Sample consists with 173 tea tourists and structured questionnaire and semi structured interviews were adopted in primary data collection. The numerous potentials have been identified which will be in capable of promoting tea tourism. Destination image building with the brand name of “Ceylon Tea”, global promotional campaigns with the collaboration of Social Media Marketing tools as well introducing sustainable tourism experience packages has been recommended.
Cutting Edge: Chromatin Accessibility Programs CD8 T Cell Memory
Authors: Scharer Christopher D. , Bally Alexander P. R. , Gandham Bhanu , Boss Jeremy M.
Published: February 2017

CD8 T cell memory is characterized by rapid recall of effector function, increased proliferation, and reduced activation requirements. Despite the extensive functional characterization, the molecular mechanisms that facilitate these enhanced properties are not well characterized. In this study, the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing was employed to map the cis-regulatory elements in CD8 T cells responding to acute and chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infections. Integration of chromatin accessibility profiles with gene expression data identified unique regulatory modules that were enriched for distinct combinations of transcription factor–binding motifs. Memory CD8 T cells displayed a chromatin accessibility structure that was absent from other acute and exhausted cells types and included key effector and proliferative genes. Stimulation of memory cells revealed enhanced transcription of “memory-primed” genes compared with naive cells. Thus, memory CD8 T cells display a preprogrammed chromatin accessibility profile and maintain a molecular history of cis-element usage, thereby reducing the steps necessary to revive effector functions.
Calcifying Cystic Odontogenic Tumor in Radiologically Normal Dental Follicular Space of Mandibular Third Molars: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Sarode Gargi S. , Sarode Sachin C. , Prajapati Ghevaram , Maralingannavar Mahesh , Patil Shankargouda
Published: February 2017

Two cases of calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (CCOT) of the dental follicle in an impacted third molar without clinical and radiological evidence are reported during routine histopathological examination. In both the cases left mandibular third molar was mesioangularly impacted with pericoronal radiolucency of less than 2.5 mm, which was not indicative of any pathology. As a routine protocol (which is not practiced widely) of our institution, dental follicles associated with extracted molars were sent for histopathological examination. Histopathological features were consistent with CCOT with pathognomonic ghost cell transformation of odontogenic epithelium. The patients were followed for one year with no recurrence. This paper emphasizes the importance of routine histopathological examination of dental follicles associated with asymptomatic impacted teeth without any clinical or radiographic evidence of follicular lesion.
Edificio de oficinas Block 49A en Amsterdam. Holanda
Authors: Felix Claus y Dick van Wageningen Arquitectos
Published: February 2017

El alcanzar un cierto nivel de excelencia arquitectónica en un edificio de ofi cinas es difícil. Ante todo, muchos edificios de oficinas son concebidos, construidos y encajados desde fuera conforme a directrices económicas y financieras. Así, las ventajas potenciales de eficacia, funcionalismo y sensatez son desplegadas de una manera muy limitada. Esta preferencia de funcionamiento, a menudo, conduce a los edificios a unas morfologías anodinas de las cuales hay docenas y docenas. El diseñador o el usuario generalmente disfrutan poco en este tipo de edificios.
Conservatorio profesional de música y Escuela profesional de danza en Gamonal. Burgos
Authors: Juan Carlos Arnuncio Pastor Arquitecto
Published: February 2017

La naturaleza del uso del edifi cio y las características del entorno rigieron las directrices del proyecto que se entendió como un edifi cio introvertido que se presentase mudo al exterior y lo más rico posible en su interior en base al tratamiento de la luz y de la cualidad del espacio.

Al albergar dos instituciones (Conservatorio Profesional de Música y Escuela Profesional de Danza) su forma rectangular posibilita disponer en sus extremos cada una de las dos y utilizar los lados largos para usos comunes, administración, sala polivalente y, sobre todo, el salón de actos que se dispone ocupando el espacio central.
104 viviendas en Sanchinarro. Madrid
Authors: Estudio Rubio & Álvarez-Sala Estudio de arquitectura
Published: February 2017

El conjunto edificado consta de dos bloques lineales enfrentados que se sitúan sobre cada una de las calles que delimitan la parcela, generando en el interior un espacio ajardinado de acceso a los portales.
Comisaría provincial de Albacete
Authors: Alberto Martínez - Beatriz Matos Arquitectos
Published: February 2017

El programa de la comisaría está constituido esencialmente por oficinas. Dispone de una zona pública con vestíbulo, expedición de pasaportes, DNI y ofi cina de denuncias, e incluye también un aparcamiento para vehículos policiales, zona de seguridad, vestuarios y una vivienda para el comisario jefe.

El edificio queda definido por el perímetro del solar, si bien, la fachada principal cede cinco metros a la ciudad para dignificar el acceso por una acera demasiado estrecha. El voladizo bajo el que se produce la entrada llega al límite del espacio disponible. El desnivel existente entre calles permite a los vehículos policiales entrar casi a nivel a la planta de garaje situada bajo la de acceso peatonal.
Casa de la Literatura en Graz. Austria
Authors: Riegler Riewe Estudio
Published: February 2017

La Casa de la Literatura está situada en un antiguo palacio en Graz que se remonta a principios del siglo XIX. Una de sus especiales características es un hermoso patio tipo jardín repleto de viejos árboles. Debido a la específica situación topográfica y a la demanda de grandes espacios para las muchas actividades relacionadas con la literatura como Capital europea de la cultura en 2003, surgió la idea de construir un nuevo edificio en el patio y reacondicionar el palacio existente.
Centro Nacional de Arte dramático en Montreuil. Francia
Authors: Dominique Coulon Arquitecto
Published: February 2017

En Montreuil, localizado al noroeste de París, ha sido desarrollado en los últimos años un plan urbanístico por Álvaro Siza para la regeneración del centro urbano.

El proyecto, con el teatro en pleno centro del plan, muestra la idea principal: edifi cios como dedos de una mano marcan las pendientes y refuerzan las perspectivas.
Evaluation of various procedures transposing global tilted irradiance to horizontal surface irradiance
Authors: Housmans Caroline , Bertrand Cédric
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Many transposition models have been proposed in the literature to convert solar irradiance on the horizontal plane to that on a tilted plane. The inverse process, i.e. the conversion from tilted to horizontal is investigated here based upon seven months of in-plane global solar irradiance measurements recorded on the roof of the Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium's radiation tower in Uccle (Longitude 4.35° E, Latitude 50.79° N). Up to three pyranometers mounted on inclined planes of different tilts and orientations were involved in the inverse transposition process. Our results indicate that (1) the tilt to horizontal irradiance conversion is improved when measurements from more than one tilted pyranometer are considered (i.e. by using a multi-pyranometer approach) and (2) the improvement from using an isotropic model to anisotropic models in the inverse transposition problem is not significant.