bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic Identification and Molecular Characterization of Malassezia Spp. Isolated from Pityriasis Versicolor Patients with Special Emphasis to Risk Factors in Diyala Province, Iraq
Authors: Awad Ahmed Kamil , AL-Ezzy Ali Ibrahim Ali , Jameel Ghassan H.
Published: March 2019

AIM: The main objective is isolation and molecular characterisation of Malassezia spp. from pityriasis versicolor (PV) patients with special emphasis to risk factors in Diyala province, Iraq.
METHODS: Fifty patients (32 males and 18 females) presented with PV, the age ranged (15-45) years were included. Direct wet mount using KOH 10%, culture of skin scraping and PCR were used for confirmatory diagnosis.
RESULTS: Malassezia spp. was isolated from (54%) of skin scraping; M. furfur (32%); M. pachydermatis (8%) and M. globosa (14%). The age group (15-22) years were frequently exposed to Malassezia infection. A significant inverse correlation was reported between age and exposure to Malassezia spp. Infection. Males were frequently exposed to Malassezia infection, (40%). A significant correlation was reported between gender and exposure to Malassezia spp. Infection. Females were at risk of getting Malassezia infection (2.619) time than males. Patient resident in the urban area frequently exposed to Malassezia infection, (34%). Patients resident in the rural area appears to be at risk of getting Malassezia infection (1.093) time than those in an urban area. Patient with good economic status was frequently exposed to Malassezia infection, (36%). Patients with middle economic status appear to be at risk of getting Malassezia infection (0.42) time than those with good economic status. Patients with primary education were frequently exposed to Malassezia infection, (22%). A significant correlation was reported between education level and exposure to Malassezia spp. Infection. No significant correlation was reported between economic status; type of job; source of water; contact with dogs and birds and Malassezia spp. Infection.
CONCLUSION: M. furfur, M. pachydermatis and M. globosa represent the most common Malassezia spp. causing PV. Using of PCR is very critical to confirm the diagnosis of Malassezia spp. Malassezia infection inversely correlated with age and positively correlated with females gender and education. The residency in a rural area and middle economic status increase the possibility of infection. Infection was not affected by the source of water; job and contact with dogs and birds.
Investigating Different Dimensions of Nomophobia among Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Darvishi Mohammad , Noori Majid , Nazer Mohammad Reza , Sheikholeslami Soheil , Karimi Ebrahim
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: Today, mobile phones are recognised as an inseparable part of our daily lives, facilitating communication between users. Based on the studies, addiction to cell phones can lead to several complications including depression, anxiety, anger, and aggression.
AIM: This study aimed to investigate nomophobia (no mobile phone phobia) among medical students of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch.
METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 students studying in different majors of medical sciences in Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch, from 2016 to 2017. Demographic data of all participants were recorded in a data sheet. In the next stage, a questionnaire was designed by the researcher to evaluate the effect of age, gender, education, and the duration of using cell phone variables on discomfort, anxiety, and insecurity due to lack of access to cell phone or other related issues. Raw data were analysed using SPSS statistical software version 21. The significance level was considered P < 0.05.
RESULTS: The results of the study showed that participants with lower mean age felt more discomfort, anger, anxiety, and insecurity due to lack of access to mobile phones and other related issues compared to other people. However, no variable was statistically significant (P-value > 0.05). Except anxiety, results showed that longer duration of mobile phone use might lead to a significant decrease in discomfort, anger, and insensibility variables among users (P-value > 0.05). The incidence of nomophobia (with its different aspects) was significantly lower in females (P-value > 0.05). Also, in participants with higher educational status, the nomophobia was recorded to be more frequent (P-Value > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Understanding the pattern of nomophobia occurrence among cell phone users can facilitate our path to prevent its harms including discomfort, anger, anxiety, and feeling of insecurity among users of technology.
Cutaneous Tumour of the Left Cricothyroid Area!?
Authors: Tchernev Georgi , Temelkova Ivanka
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: The cricothyroid area is an atypical localisation for placement of basal cell carcinomas. The main differential diagnosis for cutaneous tumours in this area is between BCC, spinocellular carcinoma and melanoma. The area is problematic about the choice of therapeutic approach, especially in the case of a vague clinical tumour type accompanied by enlarged lymph nodes in the immediate proximity.
CASE REPORT: We present an 84- year- old woman with a tumour formation located next to the left cricothyroid area. The lymph node ultrasonography performed during the hospitalisation revealed the presence of an enlarged lymph node in the upper third of m. Sternocleidomastoideus. The initial ultrasound data of the lymph nodes were in the direction of an inflammatory rather than a metastatic process. Therefore 5 days of therapy with Ceftriaxone x 2 g/day was conducted. The nodular tumour formation was surgically removed by radical elliptic excision. The subsequent histological study found that it was Stage II basal cell carcinoma (T2N0M0). A surgeon's consultation was conducted due to a patient's complaint about abdominal pain, and clinical evidence of a hernia inguinalis incarcerata was established for which the patient was urgently transferred to a surgical ward. Two weeks after the antibiotic treatment, a control echography of the enlarged lymph node in the area of m. Sternocleidomastoideus was performed, which showed complete involution of the lymph node.
CONCLUSION: Due to the specific anatomical features of the neck, such as a large number of lymph nodes and the resulting proximity between them and the primary tumours located in the area, it is often difficult to determine whether the lymph nodes are metastatically affected or inflammatory enlarged. In cases of missing ultrasound data for the metastatic process in the lymph nodes, surgical excision of the skin tumour with regular follow-up echographic control of the relevant lymph nodes represents an optimal therapeutic solution.
Correlation between Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Level and Depression Severity in Psoriasis Vulgaris Patients
Authors: Sjahrir Muhammad , Roesyanto-Mahadi Irma Damayanti , Effendy Elmeida
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that can lead to depression. There is a similarity in neurotrophic substance in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and depression; it’s called brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF level imbalance potentially affects the severity of psoriasis and depression.
AIM: This study aims to know the correlation between serum BDNF level and depression severity in psoriasis vulgaris patient and also the correlation between serum BDNF level and psoriasis vulgaris severity.
METHODS: This is an analytical cross-sectional study that 23 psoriasis vulgaris patients participated. All participants have performed serum BDNF level examination with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Depression severity assessed with Beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II) and psoriasis severity assessed with psoriasis area and severity index. Correlation between all variables was analysed with Spearman’s correlation test.
RESULTS: Serum BDNF level and depression severity are a strongly negative correlation in psoriasis vulgaris patients (r = -0.667 with significant value p = 0.001). There is a moderate negative correlation between serum BDNF level with psoriasis vulgaris severity (r = -0.595 with significant value p = 0.003).
CONCLUSION: In psoriasis vulgaris patients, a low level of serum BDNF may increase depression severity and psoriasis vulgaris severity.
Antisocial Personality Traits as a Risk Factor of Violence between Individuals with Mental Disorders
Authors: Filov Izabela
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: Mental disorder can increase the likelihood of taking violent acts of some individuals, but only a small percentage of violence in societies could be attributed to patients with mental health problems. For the past several years numerous studies related to forensic psychiatry has confirmed a close causal relationship between violent offenders and psychiatric comorbidity. Several studies have provided strong evidence that antisocial personality disorders (APD) represent a significant clinical risk for violence.
AIM: This study aims to show the relationship between antisocial personality disorder and antisocial personality traits with the other mental disorders and the manifestation of violence between the forensic populations of patients.
METHODS: The survey was conducted at the Psychiatric Hospitals and the Mental Health Centre. The research was carried out between two groups: one group of perpetrators of violence (PV) and a control group divided into two subgroups, a control group without violence (CG WV) and a group of respondents forcibly hospitalised CG FH. After obtaining consent for participation in the study, patients were interviewed, and questionnaires were applied. The research methodology included using measuring instrument-Psychopathy Checklist-revised (Hare's PCL-R).
RESULTS: The results show that in the group PV antisocial personality disorder is present in 45 patients, or 50% of the total sample. According to statistical research in between groups PV, CG WV and CG WV, there were determent significant differences in specifically listed items from Hare's PCL-R.
CONCLUSIONS: Psychopathological traits of mental disorders which are pathognomonic of committing violence are paranoid schizophrenia, as the most present and antisocial personality disorder in comorbidity, as the highest risk factor among the population with mental disorders that manifest violence.
Hepatoprotective Activity and Nephroprotective Activity of Peel Extract from Three Varieties of the Passion Fruit (Passiflora Sp.) in the Albino Rat
Authors: Nerdy Nerdy , Ritarwan Kiking
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: The Passion Fruit (Passiflora sp.) that grows in the Indonesian region generally has three varieties, namely purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims.), red passion fruit (Passiflora ligularis Juss.), and yellow passion fruit (Passiflora verrucifera Lindl.). The passion fruit peel is an economic waste that has not been utilised optimally, but has many efficacious phytochemical contents.
AIM: The objectives of this research are to examine scientifically hepatoprotective activity (with paracetamol-induced hepatotoxic) and nephroprotective activity (with gentamicin-induced nephrotoxic) from three varieties of the passion fruit (purple passion fruit peel extract, red passion fruit peel extract and yellow passion fruit peel extract) in the albino rat (Rattus norvegicus).
METHODS: Three varieties of passion fruit peels were extracted by maceration method. The experimental animals used were the albino rat (Rattus norvegicus). Hepatoprotective activity was done by the liver biochemical (alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase) analysis with paracetamol (hepatotoxic compound) induced after 10 days of treatment with extract. Nephroprotective activity was done by the kidney biochemical (urea and creatinine) analysis with gentamicin (nephrotoxic compound) induced after 10 days of treatment with extract.
RESULTS: The hepatoprotective activity for positive control was similar to the 250 mg of purple passion fruit peel extract per kg of body weight, 250 mg of red passion fruit peel extract per kg of body weight, and 500 mg of yellow passion fruit peel extract per kg of body weight. The nephroprotective activity for positive control (50 mg of silymarin per kg of body weight) was similar to the 250 mg of purple passion fruit peel extract per kg of body weight, 500 mg of red passion fruit peel extract per kg of body weight, and 500 mg of yellow passion fruit peel extract per kg of body weight.
CONCLUSIONS: The extracts were shown hepatoprotective activity and nephroprotective activity with a dose-dependent activity. The hepatoprotective activity and nephroprotective activity of purple passion fruit peel extract were the best compared to red passion fruit peel extract and yellow passion fruit peel extract.
The The Influence of Wharton Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cell toward Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 and RELA Synoviocyte Gene Expression on Osteoarthritis
Authors: Sofia Vivi , Nasrul Ellyza , Manjas Menkher , Revilla Gusti
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: Therapy for osteoarthritis (OA) with satisfactory results has not been found to date. In OA pathogenesis, RELA gene involved in cartilage degradation and MMP-13 in degrade cartilage, as a member family of NF-ĸβ genes, RELA serves to modulate inflammatory responses and activates pro-inflammatory cytokines.
AIM: This study aims to identify the influence of Wharton Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC-WJ) on MMP-13 and RELA expression gene in synoviocyte by in vitro.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This research is pure experimental research. The sample used derived from synovial tissue of OA patients who underwent Total Knee Replacement (TKR) surgery. This study was divided into six groups treated with 4 replications. Group I and II (control groups) were synoviocyte of OA incubated for 24 and 48 hours, respectively. Group III and IV were MSC-WJ incubated for 24 and 48 hours, respectively. Group V and VI were Synoviocyte-MSC-WJ co-culture group incubated for 24 and 48 hours, respectively. Identification of MMP-13 and RELA gene expression in each group was performed by using qPCR.
RESULT: The results showed that MSC-WJ reduced MMP-13 gene expression after co-culture for 24 and 48 hours in OA synoviocyte. The highest gene expression of MMP-13 was in Group I and II (1.00 ng/μl), followed by Group III (0.41 ng/μl), Group IV (0.24 ng/μl), Group V (0.13 ng/μl), and Group VI (0.04 ng/μl). MSC-WJ administration also decreased RELA gene expression. The highest gene expression of RELA gene was in Group I and II (1.00 ng/μl), Group V (0.67 ng/μl), Group III (0.58 ng/μl), Group IV (0.16 ng/μl), and Group VI (0.16 ng/μl).
CONCLUSION: This study concluded that MSC-WJ in OA synoviocyte significantly reduced the expression of MMP-13 and RELA gene (p <0.05).
Uterine Fibroid Embolization via Transradial versus Transfemoral Arterial Access: Technical Results
Authors: Gjoreski Aleksandar , Gjoreski Josif , Nancheva Andrea
Published: March 2019

AIM: This study was designed to compare the safety and feasibility of uterine fibroid embolisation (UFE) via transradial access (TRA) and transfemoral access (TFA).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted for 2 cohorts: 13 cases with already established TFA (from February 2016 to September 2018) and the first 11 procedures performed via TRA (from October 2017 to October 2018). Indications for embolization included: heavy menstrual bleedings (n = 18), lower urinary tract symptoms (n = 2), pelvic pain (n = 3) and abdominal pain (n = 1). One interventional radiologist and one fellow performed all procedures at one institution. Technical success, procedural time, access site complications as well as feedback from patients were assessed for analysis.
RESULTS: Technical success was achieved in 24/24 cases (100%). Unilateral uterine artery embolisation was performed in 7 cases (29.1%) and bilateral in 17 cases (70.8%). Mean procedure time was 72.4 minutes in TFA group, and 60.3 minutes in the TRA group. Mean fluoroscopy time was 25.3 minutes in the TFA group and 21.1 minutes in the TRA group. Access site-related and overall adverse events did not vary significantly among the study cohorts.
CONCLUSIONS: TRA represents a safe and feasible approach for UFE with a comparable safety profile to TFA.
Finite Element Study On Arthroscopic Anchor Design Aspects
Authors: El-Anwar Mohamed Ibrahim , Osman Walid
Published: March 2019

AIM: This research aims to study arthroscopic anchors design parameters. Prototypes were manufactured by new parameters values. The the performance of the prototypes was also tested.
METHODS: Five 3D arthroscopic anchor models were created to evaluate the role of some design aspects. Thread type, pitch and tip angle were tested as variable parameters. These models were produced on engineering CAD software then imported into ANSYS for finite element analysis. A tensile load of 300 N was applied to each model while the simplified bone base was fixed-in-place as a boundary condition. The finite element results were compared with prototypes tensile testing.
RESULTS: The finite element analyses showed stresses within physiological limits on the bone with all tested models. Thread type and pitch affected stresses on bone and anchor body. From stress point of view, two critical zones appeared on anchor body, anchor cortical bone connection and eyelet zone, while thread geometry (depth) affect the cortical bone response only. Laboratory tests matched finite element results and literature.
CONCLUSION: Increasing thread pitch of arthroscopic anchors decreases stress on the bone, while increases stress on anchor body. Arthroscopic anchors thread type has a negligible effect on bone, while it reduces stresses on anchor body if it placed more material around eyelet in internal drive mechanism and suture eyelet type of anchors. Anchor tip angle has a negligible effect on bone and anchor body.
The Effect of Puguntano Leaf Extract (Curanga Fel - Terrae Merr.) On P38 Mapk Levels and Glut-4 Expression in Type 2 Diabetic Rat Muscle
Authors: Syafril Santi , Lindarto Dharma , Lelo Aznan , Sembiring Rosita Juwita , Manaf Asman , Putra Imam Budi , Hasibuan Poppy Anjelisa Zaitun , Mutiara Erna
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: Puguntano (Curanga feel-terrae Merr.) contains flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids/ terpenoids which improved post-receptor insulin signalling in rats model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
AIM: This study aimed to determine the effect of puguntano leaf extract on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) levels and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) expression in diabetic rats muscle.
METHODS: Forty-eight male Wistar rats had T2DM induced using a combination of feeding a high-fat diet for 5 weeks and multiple intraperitoneal injections of low-dose streptozotocin (30 mg/kg). The diabetic rats were randomly divided into control and treatment groups, and 200 mg/kg/day puguntano extract was administered orally for 10 days to treatment group. Subsequently, p38 MAPK levels were measured by Sandwich Elisa and plasma membrane GLUT-4 expression was evaluated by Immunohistochemistry in their gastrocnemius muscles.
RESULTS: There were significantly higher p38 MAPK levels and GLUT-4 expression in the treatment group than in the control group.
CONCLUSION: These data suggest that a puguntano leaf extract can improve post-receptor insulin signalling by enhancing p38 MAPK levels and GLUT-4 expression in a rat model of T2DM.
Dimensional Analysis of CD44High CD24Low and Ki67 in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Tan Betty , Kanoko Mpu , Tan Gino , Bachtiar Adang , Munir Delfitri
Published: March 2019

AIM: To study the dimensional analysis CD44high CD24low and Ki67 in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC).
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on patients with breast cancer in Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan from 2013 to 2016 to determine the frequency and pathologic features of TNBC by immunohistochemistry stained.
RESULTS: By using immunohistochemistry staining panel of CD44, CD24, Twist, Claudin 7, CK5, CK8/18, EMA, E-Cadherin, Ki-67, a total 67 breast tumour samples with TNBC were classified as 9 stem-cells like 1 basal, 22 baso-luminal, and 23 luminal subtypes
CONCLUSION: By using immunohistochemical staining panel, TNBC can be differentiated into stem cells like basal, baso-luminal and luminal subtypes. Didifferentiation and EMT can produce heterogeneity in TNBC subtypes and this will affect in handling TNBC. Stemness in stem cells- like subtypes are resistant to therapy. Therefore, TNBC needs special attention in order to assist in more optimal handling.
Giant Bowen’s Disease on the Face: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Caca-Biljanovska Nina , Arsovska-Bezhoska Irina , V’lckova-Laskoska Marija
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: Giant Bowen’s disease is a rare and unusual clinical manifestation. Presenting as extensive scaly erythematous patch or plaque, it gives rise to a wide spectrum of dermatological differential diagnoses.
CASE PRESENTATION: We report a patient with giant Bowen’s disease on the face that was successfully treated with topical 5 % imiquimod. A review of the literature was made with the aim to analyse and compare the findings in it with our observation.
CONCLUSION: We present this case to draw attention to the importance of the self skin examination in the elderly population. Also, to prevent development to invasive squamous cell carcinoma from Bowen’s disease, we recommend mandatory dermoscopic examination on every long-standing erythemosquamous lesion.
Faculty as Active Learners About Their Practice: Toward Innovation and Change in Nursing Education
Authors: Cabral Ana , Baptista Ana
Published: March 2019

This article describes the perceptions of a small group of nursing education faculty members participating in the continuing professional development module, Pedagogy in Higher Education, regarding the use of active learning strategies. Data were collected using field notes and participants' presentations and articles about their experiences when using innovative teaching strategies. The findings point out the benefits for knowledge mobilization, the development of synergies based on collaboration, and other gains in terms of students' experiences. Challenges involve the use of these active strategies on a regular basis as part of a sustained and aligned approach to enhance teaching and learning.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2019;50(3):134–140.]
L’abbaye cistercienne du Val-Richer (Calvados) : prospections microtopographique et géophysique d’un monastère disparu
Authors: Vincent Jean-Baptiste
Published: March 2019

L’abbaye cistercienne du Val-Richer a été installée au milieu du xiie siècle à l’intérieur d’une petite vallée du pays d’Auge, en Normandie. Les nombreux aménagements du site depuis la Révolution française ont fait presque disparaître plus de six siècles d’activité monastique. De plus, les sources textuelles et iconographiques relatives à l’abbaye sont très minces et n’apportent aucune précision sur l’emplacement et la morphologie des bâtiments conventuels (même pour l’abbatiale). C’est alors que nous avons mis en œuvre différentes méthodes de prospection pour appréhender la gestion du milieu et l’organisation spatiale et préciser le plan de cette abbaye qui semble avoir disparu. Les relevés topographiques ont été nécessaires pour étudier les aménagements du milieu (terrassements, réseau hydraulique…) dans un contexte hydro-géomorphologique particulier (implantation sur promontoire). Par ailleurs, l’analyse raisonnée des anomalies électriques nous permet de proposer des modèles de restitution tout en s’attachant à exposer les limites et les dangers de la surinterprétation.
Aux portes septentrionales de la ville médiévale d’Orléans : un nouveau regard sur la topographie religieuse et funéraire
Authors: Rivoire Édith , Joyeux Pascal , Carron Diane
Published: March 2019

Les grands travaux d’urbanisme réalisés à la fin du xve siècle et au xvie siècle, ainsi que le goût de l’architecture de la Renaissance, impriment encore nettement le paysage monumental orléanais et plus particulièrement le quartier autour de l’actuelle place de l’Étape, dont le plan remonte aux années 1480. Le projet d’aménagement de la seconde ligne de tramway a offert l’opportunité de découvrir les vestiges médiévaux en sous-sol de ce quartier extra muros et de restituer son évolution sur huit siècles. La fouille, d’une superficie de 1400 m2, a été réalisée par l’Inrap durant l’année 2010. L’article fait état des résultats de cette campagne archéologique qui renouvelle la discussion relative au développement d’un quartier marqué par des activités religieuses, hospitalières et funéraires dans le suburbium septentrional et dans le prolongement du quartier cathédral.
A multifaceted interdependence. Tibetan pastoralists and their animals
Authors: Levine Nancy E.
Published: March 2019

Cet article discute des relations à facettes multiples entre les pasteurs nomades tibétains des provinces du Sichuan et Qinghai et leurs animaux domestiques. Il montre la façon dont ces pasteurs nomades organisent leur vie autour de leurs animaux et trouvent un équilibre, d’une part, entre les besoins de leur maisonnée et leurs capacités de travail et, d’autre part, les besoins de leurs animaux en matière de soins, dans le but d’arriver à une symbiose économiquement productive. Cet article discute aussi les contraintes sur la gestion des troupeaux entraînées par les politiques gouvernementales concernant l’utilisation des terres, les événements météorologiques sévères qui tuent de nombreux animaux, ainsi que des stratégies utilisées par les pasteurs nomades pour reconstruire les troupeaux après de tels événements. Finalement, l’article présente la pratique de « libérer » certains animaux en tant que tsetar, c’est à dire de les rendre interdits de vente et d’abattage dans le but de compenser les péchés commis par les membres de la maisonnée et d’atténuer les malchances diverses. Cette pratique reflète un mélange d’attitudes (pragmatique, symbolique et émotionnelle) dont font preuve les pasteurs nomades de l’est du Tibet à l’égard de leurs animaux au milieu desquels ils vivent, souligne leur dévouement aux principes bouddhiques ainsi que leurs idées quant à la façon dont les animaux domestiques peuvent améliorer leur capital spirituel et leur réputation.
On the moral standing of animals in Tibetan Buddhism
Authors: Barstow Geoffrey
Published: March 2019

Comme les autres traditions bouddhiques, le bouddhisme tibétain reconnaît que, parce que les animaux sont des êtres sensibles, ils ont un certain sens moral, ce qui signifie que les humains doivent tenir compte de leurs besoins et de leurs préoccupations pour décider de ce qu’il faut faire dans une situation donnée. Dans cet article, je ne cherche pas à déterminer si les animaux ont un sens moral, mais plutôt si ce sens moral est minimal (ce qui signifie que les préoccupations des animaux sont bien en-deçà des préoccupations humaines) ou maximal (animaux et humains ont une égale importance). À travers une analyse des sources textuelles bouddhiques tibétaines, je soutiens que si cette tradition place les humains au-dessus des animaux, elle confère néanmoins à ces derniers un statut moral relativement élevé et, par conséquent, l'impact des actions humaines sur les animaux doit être pris au sérieux.
The case of the disappearance of Tibetan sheep from the village of Charo in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Tibetan pastoralists’ decisions, economic calculations, and religious beliefs
Authors: Errang Ga
Published: March 2019

Le mode de pâturage dans lequel yaks et moutons tibétains étaient les animaux domestiques dominants qui pâturaient sur le plateau tibétain a récemment changé avec la disparition des moutons tibétains de nombreuses régions pastorales. Contrairement aux yaks qui fournissent lait, beurre, fromage, fourrure, viande et aussi un moyen de transport, les moutons ne sont utilisés que pour leur viande. De nombreux pasteurs-nomades interrogés sur le lieu de l’enquête où une seule maisonnée continuait à élever des moutons ont affirmé qu’en dépit de la rentabilité supérieure des moutons par rapport aux yaks, ils ont choisi de garder ces derniers et d’abandonner l’élevage de moutons. Quelles sont les raisons qui ont conduit ces Tibétains à abandonner l’élevage de moutons, alors qu'ils estiment ces animaux être l'un des moyens les plus rentables de gagner leur vie ? Bien que de nombreux éleveurs aient cité des raisons similaires à celles énumérées (pénurie de prairies et d'ouvriers, entre autres) dans d'autres recherches menées sur le même sujet, des entretiens approfondis suggèrent des raisons plus complexes à ce changement, dont la force des sensibilités religieuses. Les pasteurs-nomades font une distinction entre le péché lié à l'élevage des yaks et celui lié à l’élevage des moutons. Associé à d'autres facteurs, notamment les revenus monétaires, l'investissement de travail et la vulnérabilité aux catastrophes naturelles et aux prix du marché, les calculs religieux associés au concept de péché jouent, à divers degrés, un rôle important dans les décisions prises au sujet du bétail.
When the tiger meets Yul ’khor srung, or how to protect a construction site
Authors: Maurer Petra
Published: March 2019

Cet article met l’accent sur le tigre comme l’un des animaux les plus importants de la géomancie tibétaine (sa dpyad). La plupart des concepts tibétains que le tigre représente en géomancie trouvent leur origine dans le fengshui chinois, dans lequel l'animal fonctionne entre autres comme une force cosmique. Il est utilisé comme un modèle pour décrire et interpréter la forme d'un espace afin de prédire la vie des futurs habitants. L’idée sous-jacente à cette méthode est que l’aspect extérieur d’un espace affecte la vie de ses habitants, soit indépendamment, soit conjointement avec les signes du zodiaque, les agents et autres dimensions calculées dans l’astrologie sino-tibétaine ou chinoise (nag rtsis). L'article présente les différents rôles du tigre dans le sa dpyad et le fengshui. Il décrit également le rôle de l’animal dans d’autres traditions tibétaines, telles que le Bon, et son adaptation au rituel géomantique et à l’art tibétain.
2017 Western Student Research Conference Abstracts
Authors: HNS WURJ
Published: March 2019

2017 Western Student Research Conference (WSRC) Abstracts from Ontario undergraduate students.
Simulation of the Effect of Geometric Parameters of the Fibre Transport Channel in Open-End Rotor Spinning
Authors: Lin Huiting , Akankwasa Nicholus Tayari , Wang Jun , Zhang Chuyang
Published: March 2019

assa
Tip 1 Diyabetes Mellituslu Çocuklarda Tanı Anındaki Klinik ve Laboratuvar Bulgularının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ARAS Burhan , AKIN Alper , YILDIRIM Ruken , UNAL Edip , HASPOLAT Yusuf Kenan
Published: March 2019

Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı, Tip 1 Diyabetes Mellitus (T1DM)

tanısı alan çocuklarda ilk başvuru bulgularının neler olduğunu belirlemektir.

Yöntemler: Bu çalışma 2013-2016 yılları arasında Dicle

Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Endokrinoloji ve Çocuk Acil polikliniğine başvuran

yeni T1DM tanısı 142 çocuk hasta incelenerek gerçekleştirildi. Retrospektif

olarak dosyalardan hastaların sosyodemografik özellikleri, semptom ve

laboratuvar bulguları kaydedildi. Elde edilen tüm veriler istatiksel olarak

değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Çalışmada yer alan çocukların 62’si (%43,66) kız

idi. Yaş ortalaması 10,10±1,39 yıl idi. Tanı anındaki kan glikoz düzeyi

425,85±12,51 mg/dl, HbA1c %13,57±3,77 olarak saptandı. Olguların %47,8’inde

glutamat dekarboksilaz antikoru pozitifliği tespit edildi. Hastaların %18,3’ünde

ailede T1DM hikayesi mevcuttu. Hastalar en çok Ocak ayında (%12,6) ve Kasım ayında

(%11,9) tanı aldı. Olguların %83,8’inde hem poliüri hem de polidipsi

bulunurken, %41,5 olguda bilinç düzey değişikliği ve %6,3 olguda da koma

mevcuttu. Başvuru sırasında hastaların %43’ünde ketoasidoz mevcut iken,

%48,5’inde ketozis, %8,5’inde ise sadece hiperglisemi mevcuttu.

Sonuç: Tip 1 DM daha çok adolesan dönemde izlenmektedir.

Hastalığın en sık başvuru semptomları poliüri ve polidipsidir. Bu nedenle

toplumun poliüri ve polidipsinin T1DM bulguları olabileceği yönünde eğitilmesi

gerekmektedir. Toplumun bu konuda bilinçlendirilmesi diyabetin en önemli

komplikasyonu olan diyabetik ketoasidoz sıklığının azaltabilir. 
Türk kadınlarında görülen saç ve saçlı deri hastalıklarının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: OĞRUM Atiye , SEÇKİN Havva Yıldız
Published: March 2019

Amaç: Saç ve saçlı deri hastalıkları dermatoloji poliklinik

başvurusunun önemli nedenlerindendir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türk kadınlarında

görülen saç ve saçlı deri hastalıklarının değerlendirilmesidir.

Yöntemler: Şubat 2015 ile Şubat 2018 yılları arasında deri

ve zührevi hastalıkları polikliniğine başvuran 18 yaş üstü 16743 kadın hastaya

ait dosya retrospektif olarak tarandı. Verilerde eksiklik bulunmayan 1857 kadın

hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi.

Bulgular: Bin sekiz yüz elli yedi kadın hastada (%11,09) saç

ve saçlı deri hastalığı saptandı. Hastaların yaş ortalaması 35.82±15.23 yıl

(18-94 yıl) idi. Bin üç yüz yetmiş üç hasta (%73,9) 45 yaş altı, 484 hasta 45

yaş ve üzeriydi. Saptanan hastalık çeşidi sayısı 12 idi. Belirlenen toplam

hastalık sayısı 1931 olup, 73 hastada (%3,9) iki; bir hastada (%0,1) üç farklı

hastalık çeşidi mevcuttu. Skatrisyel alopesi nedeni olan hastalık oranı %2,27

idi. En sık saptanan hastalıklar seboreik dermatit, telojen effluvium,

psoriazis, alopesi areata ve androjenik alopesi idi (sırasıyla, %43,5, %25,4,

%16,4, %6,7, ve %4,8). Yaş gruplarına göre (<45 yaş altı ve ≥45 yaş)

hastalık dağılımları değerlendirildiğinde; her iki yaş grubunda da en sık

seboreik dermatit gözlenirken, bunu 45 yaş altında sırasıyla telojen effluvium

ve psoriazis izlerken; 45 yaş üstünde sırayla psoriazis ve telojen effluvium

takip etti. 14 kadın hastada pedikülozis mevcuttu. En sık saptanan saçlı deri

hastalıkları seboreik dermatit ve psoriazis iken; en sık görülen saç

hastalıkları telojen effluvium ve alopesi areata idi. En sık birliktelik

gösteren hastalıklar seboreik dermatit ve telojen effluvium idi.

Sonuç: Kadınlarda dermatoloji polikliniğine başvuru

nedenleri içerisinde saç ve saçlı deri hastalığının oranı %11,09 idi.

Skatrisyel alopesi ile sonuçlanan saçlı deri hastalıkları oranı ise düşüktü.

Saç güzellik algısının bir parçası olduğundan, saç ve saçlı deri

hastalıklarının erken tanı ve tedavisi, kişilerin özgüven ve yaşam kalitesine

etkisinden dolayı önemlidir.
İntraabdominal Apselerin Görüntüleme Eşliğinde Perkütan Drenajı
Authors: DAMAR Çağrı , ÖZDEMİR Meltem , HEKİMOĞLU Baki
Published: March 2019

Giriş: Çalışmanın amacı intraabdominal apselerin perkütan

drenajının fayda ve etkinliğini ortaya koymak; başarı, tekrarlama ve

başarısızlık oranlarını belirlemektir.

Yöntemler: Perkütan tedavi ugulanan 50 hastadaki (26 erkek,

24 kadın; yaş aralığı: 23-88; yaş ortalaması: 53) 58 apseyle ilgili

retrospektif analiz yapılmıştır. Apselerin drenajı ultrason ve floroskopi

kılavuzluğunda gerçekleştirilmiştir. 12 apsede (<5 cm) basit iğne (18 G, Chiba)

aspirasyon metodu, geri kalan diğer 46 apsede ise Seldinger yöntemiyle perkütan

kateter (6 F-14 F) drenajı uygulanmıştır.

Bulgular: Perkütan kateterizasyonların yaklaşık %49’u

(23/46) ilk haftada sonlandırılmıştır. Perkütan drenajda ilk girişimde elde

edilen başarı oranı % 63,7 (37/58)’ dir. Perkütan drenajı yapılan apselerde

rekürrens oranı %19 (11/58) bulunmuş olup bunların tümü ikincil girişimlerle

tedavi elde edilmiştir. Kümülatif başarı ve başarısızlık oranları sırasıyla

%82,8 (48/58) ve %5,2 (3/58) olarak belirlenmiştir. 7 apsede (%12)

temporizasyon ya da palyasyon sağlanmıştır. Temporizasyon-palyasyon sağlanan

apseler ile ikincil girişimlerle tedavi edilen tüm apseler dahil edildiğinde

başarı oranı %94,8 (55/58) ve başarısızlık oranı %5,2 (3/58) olarak

belirlenmiştir. Mortalite oranı ise %3,4 (2/58) bulunmuştur.

Tartışma ve Sonuç: Prosedürün minimal invaziv, kolay,

güvenli ve efektif oluşu, cerrahiye göre düşük komplikasyon oranları, ayrıca

genel anesteziye gerek duyulmaması nedenleriyle perkütan drenaj, intraabdominal

apse tedavisinde ilk seçenektir. Tedavide yüksek başarı oranları elde etmek

için, güvenli giriş rotası olan tüm intraabdominal apseler görüntüleme

eşliğinde perkütan drene edilmelidir.
Codesign Case Study of a Planing Craft with Active Control Systems
Authors: Castro-Feliciano Esteban L. , Sun Jing , Troesch Armin W. , Collette Matthew
Published: March 2019

This case study presents a novel insight into the design of a codesigned planing craft with an active control system (ACS), along with its potential advantages and disadvantages when compared with a traditionally designed vessel (i.e., a vessel whose geometry is first selected, and then its ACS is implemented). This work has three purposes:present tools a designer can use to codesign a planing craft with its ACS,use these tools to expand the design space and further explore the potential of codesign, andinvestigate the feasibility of having a planing craft with ACS designed to the codesign results found in 2) and compare it with a traditionally designed vessel.

The vessel particulars that are numerically optimized are the beam, dead rise, longitudinal center of gravity (lcg), and two tuning parameters for the ACS's linear quadratic regulator. In the case study, the codesigned vessel had 4% lower drag at the design speed and Sea State (SS) 3, but on lower SS's it had drag savings of 10% and seakeeping improvements of around 40% for the investigated seakeeping metric. The case study suggests that although the codesigned vessel is technically feasible, it would require unconventional hull/deck design—a result which emphasizes the importance of considering the coupling between a planing craft and its ACS early in the concept design.

1. Introduction

In search for a better performing planing craft, a naval architect could consider using an active control system (ACS) on their designs. Although they will encounter published research confirming performance improvements when an ACS is used (Wang 1985; Savitsky 2003; Xi & Sun 2006; Kays et al. 2009; Engle et al. 2011; Hughes & Weems 2011; Rijkens et al. 2011; Shimozono & Kays 2011; Rijkens 2013), literature addressing the concept design process of a planing craft that will have an ACS is, to the best of the authors' knowledge, limited only to the previous work by the authors (Castro-Feliciano et al. 2016, 2018). The work by Castro-Feliciano et al. (2016, 2018) suggests that the benefit from codesigning (as opposed to sequentially designing the vessel geometry and later adding an ACS) can be significant and should be the design methodology followed when designing a planing craft that will have an ACS.
Phenolic Exudation Control and Establishment of In vitro Strawberry (Fragaria × Ananassa) cv. Chandler
Authors: Mir Hidayatullah , Rani Ruby , Ahmad Feza , Sah Awadh Kishor , Prakash Shashi , Kumar Vikash
Published: March 2019

The rate of strawberry propagation through conventional technique is quite low and it is difficult to maintain planting material during the summer months under Bihar condition. Further, importing mother plants adds to the production cost. In vitro micro propagation has emerged as a potential alternative for supplying planting material for strawberry. Two type of explants viz., runner tip and nodal segment were used for the study. Phenol exudation was the major problem during establishment which caused death of majority explants. In our experiment, almost no phenolic exudation (+) and maximum percent regeneration for runner tip (55.2 ± 0.52%) and nodal segment (58.1 ± 0.54%) was observed when MS medium was supplemented with ascorbic acid 200 mg per liter. Phenolic exudation was recorded highest (++++) under control when no antioxidants were supplemented. Minimum number of days for runner tips (8.4 ± 0.23) and nodal segments (10.3 ± 0.33) taken for shoot proliferation was observed when MS medium was supplemented with activated charcoal 300 mg and 200 mg per liter, respectively. Though all other antioxidants used in our study including citric acid, PVP and activated charcoal significantly reduced oxidative browning, ascorbic acid was found to be most effective antioxidant in controlling lethal browning during in vitro establishment of strawberry. This protocol has a potential for allowing a large scale multiplication of this important crop.
The Landscape of Mindfulness and Meditation in Adult Education: A Partial Prescription (and Critique) for Lifelong Learning and Well‐Being
Authors: Tisdell Elizabeth J. , Riley Timothy D.
Published: March 2019

This chapter provides an overview and critique of the mindfulness and meditation literature in popular culture, adult education and health care, and provides discussion based on both experience and the literature for teaching and learning for well‐being.
Toward Health Equity: Mindfulness and Cultural Humility as Adult Education
Authors: Velott Diana , Sprow Forté Karin
Published: March 2019

This chapter discusses how to relate mindfulness with the concept of cultural humility to teach with greater attention to health equity issues in adult education and public health teaching contexts.
Moving to Learn: A Meditative Yoga Approach to Teaching and Learning Anatomy and Physiology in Multiple Contexts
Authors: Behmer Philomena M.
Published: March 2019

This chapter describes a meditative embodied yoga approach to teaching and learning anatomy and physiology in both higher education and in yoga teacher training and how teaching in one setting has influenced teaching in the other.
Developing and Implementing Mindfulness Programs in Hospital and Health‐Care Settings
Authors: LeVasseur Mary , Purzycki Edward , Williams Helene
Published: March 2019

This chapter presents the process and operational considerations when developing and implementing mindfulness‐based programs for both patients and staff in hospital and health‐care settings.
Augmentation of C17.2 Neural Stem Cell Differentiation via Uptake of Low Concentrations of ssDNA‐Wrapped Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Pirbhai Massooma , Chandrasekar Swetha , Zheng Ming , Ignatova Tetyana , Rotkin Slava V. , Jedlicka Sabrina S.
Published: March 2019

Nanostructured biomaterials are extensively explored in clinical imaging and in gene/drug delivery applications. However, limited studies are performed that examine the influence that nanomaterials may have on cell behavior over long time scales at nonlethal concentrations. This study is designed to investigate whether carbon nanotubes are able to augment cell behavior at low concentrations. Single‐walled carbon nanotubes are introduced to neural stem cells at different stages of differentiation at concentrations as low as 5 ng mL−1. Results demonstrate that in this particular cell model, nanotube uptake is mediated by endocytosis. Differentiation is augmented, especially when nanotubes are introduced to cells in an actively dividing state. Significant increases in neuronal cell population are observed over the control specimens. While the mechanisms behind this observation are yet unknown, this study demonstrates that low concentrations of internalized nanomaterials can significantly alter the differentiation profile of a stem cell line.
Strengthening and Expanding Child Services in Low Resource Communities: The Role of Task‐Shifting and Just‐in‐Time Training
Authors: McQuillin Samuel D. , Lyons Michael D. , Becker Kimberly D. , Hart Mackenzie J. , Cohen Katie
Published: March 2019

In the United States, the demand for child mental health services is increasing, while the supply is limited by workforce shortages. These shortages are unlikely to be corrected without significant structural changes in how mental health services are provided. One strategy for bridging this gap is task‐shifting, defined as a process by which services that are typically delivered by professionals are moved to individuals with less extensive qualifications or training. Although task‐shifting can increase the size of the workforce, there are challenges related to training new workers. In this paper, we propose Just‐In‐Time Training (JITT) as one strategy for improving task‐shifting efforts. We define JITT as on‐demand training experiences that only include what is necessary, when it is necessary, to promote competent service delivery. We offer a proof of concept from our own work shifting counseling and academic support tasks from school mental health professionals to pre‐baccalaureate mentors, citing lessons learned during our iterative process of JITT development. We conclude with a series of key considerations for scaling up the pairing of task‐shifting and JITT, including expanding the science of JITT and anticipating how task‐shifting and JITT would work within the context of dynamic mental health service systems.
Direct C2‐Heteroarylation of Indoles by Rhodium‐Catalyzed C−C Bond Cleavage of Secondary Alcohols
Authors: Yu Tian‐Yang , Zheng Zhao‐Jing , Sun Wei , Qiao Zi‐Heng
Published: March 2019

A rhodium‐catalyzed direct heteroarylation of indoles by cleavage of an inert C−C bond of alcohols is reported. This catalytic system exhibits high reactivity and tolerates various functional groups. This reaction provides a tool for the rapid construction of biheteroaryls without pre‐activation of the starting materials. Control experiments were conducted to determine a possible mechanism. This reaction makes a significant contribution to the field of C−C bond activation of alcohols.
Cholecystolithotomy, a new approach to reduce recurrent gallstone ileus
Authors: Rabie Mohamed A. , Sokker Ashraf
Published: March 2019

The incidence of gallstone ileus (GSI) is increasing. Current treatment options include enterolithotomy with or without cholecystectomy and repair of the biliodigestive fistula. Although most surgeons defer the management of the biliodigestive fistula to avoid the associated morbidity and mortality, this can lead to increased rate of recurrence of GSI by the remaining gallstones. More than 130 cases of recurrent GSI were reported in published works, and the incidence of recurrent GSI is reported to be between 5% and 20%. Some cases of second recurrent attacks have also been reported. Most cases were reported in elderly women with faceted stones during the first 2 months from the first episode of GSI. This article reviews the current treatment options for more than 4,300 reported cases of GSI. A treatment algorithm is recommended based on the severity of the inflammation around the gallbladder, including cholecystolithotomy as a third treatment approach that aims to reduce the risk of recurrent GSI.
Dehydrogenative Synthesis of 2,2′‐Bipyridyls through Regioselective Pyridine Dimerization
Authors: Yamada Shuya , Kaneda Takeshi , Steib Philip , Murakami Kei , Itami Kenichiro
Published: March 2019

2,2′‐Bipyridyls have been utilized as indispensable ligands in metal‐catalyzed reactions. The most streamlined approach for the synthesis of 2,2′‐bipyridyls is the dehydrogenative dimerization of unfunctionalized pyridine. Herein, we report on the palladium‐catalyzed dehydrogenative synthesis of 2,2′‐bipyridyl derivatives. The Pd catalysis effectively works with an AgI salt as the oxidant in the presence of pivalic acid. A variety of pyridines regioselectively react at the C2‐positions. This dimerization method is applicable for challenging substrates such as sterically hindered 3‐substituted pyridines, where the pyridines regioselectively react at the C2‐position. This reaction enables the concise synthesis of twisted 3,3′‐disubstituted‐2,2′‐bipyridyls as an underdeveloped class of ligands.