bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Implementation of a Measuring Device to Determine the Content of Pigments in Plant Leaves
Authors: Zlatev Zlatin , Stoykova Vanya , Shivacheva Galya , Vasilev Miroslav
Published: July 2023

The design and implementation of a measuring device for the determination of pigment content in plant leaves is a topic of essential importance in plant biology, agriculture, and environmental research. The timely and sufficiently accurate determination of the content of these molecules provides valuable insight into the health, photosynthetic activity, and physiological state of plants. This paper presents the key aspects and results of the development and implementation of such a measuring device. It makes it possible to measure a larger number of pigments per type compared with the devices for commercial use that are currently known to us, and the accuracy of measurements depends mostly on the specific type of plant that is being tracked. The developed device presents a measurement accuracy ranging between 72% and 97% compared with a reference method and between 87% and 90% compared with a reference technique. Also, by using the device, a significant reduction in time and required resources can be achieved in measuring the content of pigments and nitrogen in plant leaves. This is a prerequisite for the more effective monitoring of the growth and health of plants, as well as optimizing the process of growing and caring for them. The work will be continued with the focus of the research aimed at generalizing the models for determining pigments and nitrogen in plants.
An Update on S100A16 in Human Cancer
Authors: Basnet Suyog , Vallenari Evan Michael , Maharjan Urusha , Sharma Sunita , Schreurs Olaf , Sapkota Dipak
Published: July 2023

S100A16 is a member of the S100 protein family. S100A16 is expressed in a variety of human tissues, although at varying levels. S100A16 expression is especially high in tissues rich in epithelial cells. mRNA and protein levels of S100A16 have been reported to be differentially expressed in the majority of human cancers. Functionally, S100A16 has been linked to several aspects of tumorigenesis, for example, cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Accordingly, S100A16 has been suggested to have both tumour-promoting and suppressive roles in human cancers. S100A16-mediated cellular functions are suggested to be mediated by the regulation of various signaling pathways/proteins including EMT-related proteins E-cadherin and Vimentin, PI3K-AKT, p53, MMP1-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, JNK/p38, etc. In addition to the functional roles, expression of S100A16 has been suggested to have prognostic potential in various cancer types. The aims of this review are to summarise the expression profile, identify common molecular partners and functional roles, and explore the prognostic potential of S100A16 in human cancers.
Chemically-Modified Sepharose 6B Beads for Collection of Circulating Tumor Cells
Authors: Chen Haiyan , Zhang Yiming , Ma Xiaoxiao , Zhou Bohao , Liu Zhonghua
Published: July 2023

The isolation and quantitative characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are of great importance in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, isolating and detecting CTCs in whole blood presents a significant challenge due to the low numbers of CTCs (often ranging from one to five) in samples containing billions of erythrocytes. Recently, point-of-care devices that use antibody trapping coupled with remote immunofluorescence analyses have been described to identify the number and type of CTCs in blood. In this study, we propose a novel method for trapping and quantifying CTCs using Sepharose 6B beads of 45–160 μm size that are engineered with capture antibodies. Specifically, we employed CD44 antibody conjugates (bearing a maleimide group) that are specific to the CTCs of breast cancer to thiol-Sepharose beads 6B. These beads, when mixed with MDAMB231 and Jurkat cells and filtered through a 40 μm filter, can capture ~80% of MDAMB231 cells. Furthermore, the antibody-modified Sepharose 6B can be stored at four degrees Celsius for a period exceeding six months.
Spatial Syntax Analysis of the Evolution of the Water System and Garden Distribution Relationship in Suzhou: 13th–20th Centuries
Authors: Yun Jiayan , Liu Huiyuan
Published: July 2023

In the present study, we used the axis model in the spatial syntax approach to analyze the evolution of the water system in Suzhou, China, from the 13th to the 20th centuries and its relationship with the distribution of gardens in the city. The distribution of the authoritative mainstream gardens appeared to be directly affected by the water system, and the gardens located in the areas with high water integration in each period were well preserved. From the 13th to the 17th centuries, gardens in areas with high water integration were all owned by the government and the class with social authority. This was consistent with the patterns for the hierarchical distribution of traditional urban space in China. However, in the 19th century, the gardens in areas with high water integration were owned by the class with social authority and the merchant class, reflecting characteristics different from the traditional pattern. The temple gardens in commercial areas with high water system integration were well preserved. Given the disruption of the surrounding water system, their original isolation from the water system was averted, turning them into public areas for social and public activities. In the 13th and 17th centuries, gardens located in areas with high and low water system integration took advantage of the surrounding water systems for landscaping, demonstrating the gardening principle according to local conditions. However, in the 19th and 20th centuries, the water system decreased sharply in many areas, and gardens built in areas with high water system integration were no longer thus situated. Traditional techniques for diverting water into gardens gradually disappeared. This study revealed that the preservation of gardens in Suzhou was largely due to the pattern of their distribution in the urban structure, and the gardens preserved to date have benefited from their location relative to the urban spatial structure of the 19th century. Private gardens, which embody the elegant taste of the literati, strongly resisted the aesthetic invasion from commercialization, however, and were also developed and preserved. Their social and spatial attributes were transformed by commercialization, presenting a contradictory yet complementary relationship between traditional garden culture and commercial development in Suzhou.
Dynamic Response Analysis of Intake Tower-Hydrodynamic Coupling Boundary Based on SV Wave Spatial Incidence
Authors: Zheng Xiaodong , Shen Yiming , Zong Xingguang , Su Hui , Zhao Xun
Published: July 2023

In view of the insufficient analysis of the coupled joint seismic response of the intake tower–reservoir water–foundation boundary under the oblique incidence of SV wave space, a three-dimensional dynamic equation of the oblique incidence of SV wave space is established in this paper. The external wave input method of viscoelastic artificial boundary combined with equivalent load and the acoustic medium theory are used to simulate the action of reservoir water, and the angle change in the SV wave incidence is realized by controlling the incident vector. The dynamic response of the structure is analyzed and the dynamic response characteristics of the structure at different incidence angles are discussed. The results show that the dynamic response and damage degree of the intake tower decreases first and then increases with the change in angle. When the vertical incidence is 0°, the maximum displacement drop is 82.05%, and the displacement response of the intake tower is more sensitive to the change in SV wave incidence angle. When SV wave is vertically incident at 0° and 35° (near the maximum critical angle of incident), the dynamic response, dynamic water pressure, damage diffusion velocity, damage area, and damage degree of the intake tower are relatively large, which seriously affects the safety and stability of the intake tower. Therefore, the influence of the oblique incidence should be considered comprehensively in the aseismic stability design of the water intake tower to provide a new idea for the safety evaluation of the same type of engineering.
Collapsing Response of a Nonlinear Shear-Beam Building Model Excited by Horizontal and Vertical Strong-Motion Pulses at Its Base
Authors: Abbasgholiha Hamid , Gičev Vlado , Trifunac Mihailo D. , Jalali Reza S. , Todorovska Maria I.
Published: July 2023

The sequence of collapsing stages of buildings during strong earthquake shaking is still a poorly understood phenomenon. This study aims to use numerical simulations to improve our understanding of the sequence of phenomena that accompany the collapse of buildings during damaging earthquakes. For that purpose, we use a nonlinear shear-beam model of a building that is excited by a sequence of large horizontal and vertical displacement pulses at its base. The propagation of the input pulses through the structure is simulated by a finite difference scheme. We select the properties of our model to be similar to those of a seven-story hotel in San Fernando Valley of the Los Angeles metropolitan area, which was damaged during the 1994 Northridge, California earthquake. We present results of one example of collapsing response of the model to hypothetical but plausible ground motion close to an earthquake fault. We illustrate the response only for a sequence of horizontal and vertical pulses. We show the differences in the nature of the collapsing sequence for vertical upward and downward pulses of ground motion. Rocking input motions will be added in our future work. Improved understanding of the stages of collapse of buildings will be useful for the development of design strategies to prevent it.
Sequencing Analysis of MUC6 and MUC16 Gene Fragments in Patients with Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Reveals Novel Mutations: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Gaździcka Jadwiga , Biernacki Krzysztof , Salatino Silvia , Gołąbek Karolina , Hudy Dorota , Świętek Agata , Miśkiewicz-Orczyk Katarzyna , Koniewska Anna , Misiołek Maciej , Strzelczyk Joanna Katarzyna
Published: July 2023

The growing incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) calls for better understanding of the mutational landscape of such cases. Mucins (MUCs) are multifunctional glycoproteins expressed by the epithelial cells and may be associated with the epithelial tumour invasion and progression. The present study aimed at the analysis of the sequence of selected MUC6 and MUC16 gene fragments in the tumour, as well as the margin, samples obtained from 18 OPSCC patients. Possible associations between the detected mutations and the clinicopathological and demographic characteristics of the study group were analysed. Sanger sequencing and bioinformatic data analysis of the selected MUC6 and MUC16 cDNA fragments were performed. Our study found 13 and 3 mutations in MUC6 and MUC16, respectively. In particular, one novelty variant found that the MUC6 gene (chr11:1018257 A>T) was the most frequent across our cohort, in both the tumour and the margin samples, and was then classified as a high impact, stop-gain mutation. The current study found novel mutations in MUC6 and MUC16 providing new insight into the genetic alternation in mucin genes among the OPSCC patients. Further studies, including larger cohorts, are recommended to recognise the pattern in which the mutations affect oropharyngeal carcinogenesis.
Influence of the Cadmium Sulfide Chemical Bath Deposition Temperature on Cadmium Sulfide/Zinc Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Usoviene Egle , Petrasauskiene Neringa , Jakubauskas Gediminas , Paluckiene Edita
Published: July 2023

The spin-coating method has been employed for nanostructured crystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film preparation on FTO glass substrates. Cadmium sulfide (CdS) layers were then deposited on the surface via the chemical bath deposition method. To investigate the effect of the formation of the CdS layer on ZnO/FTO, the deposition of these layers was performed at three different temperatures (40, 60, and 80 °C). The synthesized CdS/ZnO composite was found to have homogenously distributed crystalline grains of both ZnO and CdS. The uniform distribution of the grains and the equal molar ratio of the two components resulted in excellent optical and photocatalytic performance. Analysis of CdS/ZnO thin films was performed using XRD analysis, UV-vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and linear sweep voltammetry. The best optical, morphological, and electrical properties and the highest photocurrent value of the CdS/ZnO thin films were obtained when the CdS layers were formed at 60 °C. X-ray diffraction characterization revealed that CdS/ZnO thin films crystallized into hexagonal wurtzite ZnO and cubic CdS. The crystallite size of ZnO and CdS/ZnO was ~38 nm and ~19 nm, respectively. The band gap calculated for CdS/ZnO, formed at different temperatures, varies from 2.05 to 2.15 eV.
Anisotropy of the Tribological Performance of Periodically Oxidated Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures
Authors: Onufrijevs Pavels , Grase Liga , Padgurskas Juozas , Rukanskis Mindaugas , Durena Ramona , Willer Dieter , Iesalnieks Mairis , Lungevics Janis , Kaupuzs Jevgenijs , Rukuiža Raimundas , Kriūkienė Rita , Hanesch Yuliya , Speicher Magdalena
Published: July 2023

Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) enable advanced surface functionalization with broad applications in various fields such as micro- and nanoelectronics, medicine, microbiology, tribology, anti-icing systems, and more. This study demonstrates the possibility of achieving anisotropy in the tribological behavior of C45-grade steel structured by nanosecond laser radiation using the LIPSS method. The lateral surface of the steel roller was irradiated with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser at an optimum intensity I = 870 MW/cm2 for the formation of LIPSS. Two sets of samples were formed with LIPSS that were perpendicular and parallel to the roller’s rotational motion direction. The Raman intensity maps revealed that the LIPSS structure consisted of periodically arranged oxides at the top of hills. At the same time, the valleys of the LIPSS structures were almost not oxidized. These results correlated well with scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping and atomic force microscopy measurements. A comparison of Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra revealed that both the magnetite phase and traces of the hematite phase were present on the surface of the samples. Tribological tests were performed in two cycles with periodic changes in the normal clamping force and sliding speed. It was found that the LIPSS structures which were formed perpendicularly to the sliding direction on the roller had a significantly greater impact on the friction processes. Structures oriented perpendicular to the direction of motion had a positive influence on reducing the energy consumption of a friction process as well as increasing the wear resistance compared to LIPSS formed parallel to the direction of motion or ones having a non-texturized surface. Laser texturing to produce LIPSS perpendicular to the direction of motion could be recommended for friction pairs operating under low-load conditions.
Multianalytical Study of the Blue Pigments Usage in Serbian Iconography at the Beginning of the 18th-Century
Authors: Gajić-Kvaščev Maja , Klisurić Olivera , Andrić Velibor , Ridolfi Stefano , Galečić Una , Korolija Crkvenjakov Daniela
Published: July 2023

Traditional Serbian religious art originated in Byzantine culture and conserved Byzantine elements until modern times. However, since the end of the 17th century, many changes in traditional icon painting have been introduced. Previous studies focused on the changes in iconography and style, but very little attention was paid to the changes in painting materials and techniques. This research focuses on the blue pigments on icons from the first half of the 18th century. Eight icons with blue areas of a different hue were selected for the study. Due to its rarity in nature, price, and iconographical importance, the blue pigment was particularly praised by painters. Therefore, the choice of the blue pigment can be related to historical information to trace influences and the development of the painter’s practice. Imaging techniques, several portable, non-destructive analytical techniques, such as XRF and FTIR, followed by optical microscopy and SEM-EDX analysis of the samples were used to characterize blue pigments and the painting technique. An analysis showed that icon painters at the beginning of the 18th century used pigments such as azurite, an indigo-organic colourant of plant origin, and Prussian blue. Contrary to the traditional belief that natural ultramarine blue was used, it was not confirmed in any studied examples.
Threshold Lattice-Based Signature Scheme for Authentication by Wearable Devices
Authors: Leevik Anton , Davydov Vadim , Bezzateev Sergey
Published: July 2023

This paper presents a new threshold signature scheme based on Damgaard’s work. The proposed scheme allows for changing the message signature threshold, thereby improving the flexibility of the original Damgaard scheme. This scheme can be applied as a user authentication system using wearable devices. Based on the hardness of lattice problems, this scheme is resistant to attacks on a quantum computer, which is an advantage over the currently used multi-factor authentication schemes. The scheme’s security relies on the computational complexity of the Module-LWE and Module-SIS problems, as well as the Shamir secret sharing scheme’s security.
Grain Size Distribution of DP 600 Steel Using Single-Pass Asymmetrical Wedge Test
Authors: Klančnik Urška , Fajfar Peter , Foder Jan , Palkowski Heinz , Burja Jaka , Klančnik Grega
Published: July 2023

Grain size distribution after the completion of a phase transformation was studied through the laboratory-controlled hot-plastic deformation of dual phase 600 (DP 600) steel using a specially prepared asymmetric single-pass hot-rolling wedge test with a refined reheating grain size instead of the usual coarse-grained starting microstructure observed in practice. The experiment was performed to reduce generally needed experimental trials to observe the microstructure development at elevated temperatures, where stable and unstable conditions could be observed as in the industrial hot-rolling practice. For this purpose, experimental stress–strain curves and softening behaviors were used concerning FEM simulations to reproduce in situ hot-rolling conditions to interpret the grain size distribution. The presented study revealed that the usual approach found in the literature for microstructure investigation and evolution with a hot-rolling wedge test was deficient concerning the observed field of interest. The degree of potential error concerning the implemented deformation per notch position, as well as the stress–strain rate and related mean flow stresses, were highly related to the geometry of the specimen and the material behavior itself, which could be defined by the actual hardening and softening kinetics (recrystallization and grain growth at elevated temperatures and longer interpass times). The grain size distribution at 1100–1070 °C was observed up to a 3.45 s−1 strain rate and, based on its stable forming behavior according to the FEM simulations and the optimal refined grain size, the optimal deformation was positioned between e = 0.2 and e = 0.5.
Multiple-Layer Triangular Defects in 4H-SiC Homoepitaxial Films Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Pei Yicheng , Yuan Weilong , Guo Ning , Li Yunkai , Zhang Xiuhai , Liu Xingfang
Published: July 2023

In this study, a special triangular defect (TD) was identified on 4H-SiC epitaxial wafers. The morphology and composition characteristics of these special TDs were revealed by Raman, atomic force microscope (AFM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Compared to ordinary triangular defects, this defect protruded from the epitaxial layer and exhibited a laminated shape. The study also discussed the effects of several factors, such as C/Si ratio and growth time, on the triangular defects. Through analysis of these results, we developed methods to suppress the triangular defects. This research provides new insights into the morphology, structure, and composition of this serious destructive defect and is helpful for improving the performance of SiC epitaxial wafers.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Transient Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus—2 Case Reports and Literature Review
Authors: Chisnoiu Tatiana , Balasa Adriana Luminita , Mihai Larisia , Lupu Ancuta , Frecus Corina Elena , Ion Irina , Andrusca Antonio , Pantazi Alexandru Cosmin , Nicolae Maria , Lupu Vasile Valeriu , Ionescu Constantin , Mihai Cristina Maria , Cambrea Simona Claudia
Published: July 2023

Neonatal diabetes mellitus is a rare genetic disease that affects 1 in 90,000 live births. The start of the disease is often before the baby is 6 months old, with rare cases of onset between 6 months and 1 year. It is characterized by low or absent insulin levels in the blood, leading to severe hyperglycemia in the patient, which requires temporary insulin therapy in around 50% of cases or permanent insulin therapy in other cases. Two major processes involved in diabetes mellitus are a deformed pancreas with altered insulin-secreting cell development and/or survival or faulty functioning of the existing pancreatic beta cell. We will discuss the cases of two preterm girls with neonatal diabetes mellitus in this research. In addition to reviewing the literature on the topic, we examined the different mutations, patient care, and clinical outcomes both before and after insulin treatment.
A Thorough Evaluation of GaN HEMT Degradation under Realistic Power Amplifier Operation
Authors: Bosi Gianni , Raffo Antonio , Vadalà Valeria , Giofrè Rocco , Crupi Giovanni , Vannini Giorgio
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we experimentally investigate the effects of degradation observed on 0.15-µm GaN HEMT devices when operating under realistic power amplifier conditions. The latter will be applied to the devices under test (DUT) by exploiting a low-frequency load-pull characterization technique that provides information consistent with RF operation, with the advantage of revealing electrical quantities not directly detectable at high frequency. Quantities such as the resistive gate current, play a fundamental role in the analysis of technology reliability. The experiments will be carried out on DUTs of the same periphery considering two different power amplifier operations: a saturated class-AB condition, that emphasizes the degradation effects produced by high temperatures due to power dissipation, and a class-E condition, that enhances the effects of high electric fields. The experiments will be carried out at 30 °C and 100 °C, and the results will be compared to evaluate how a specific RF condition can impact on the device degradation. Such a kind of comparison, to the authors’ knowledge, has never been carried out and represents the main novelty of the present study.
Advanced Machine Learning Applications in Big Data Analytics
Authors: Li Taiyong , Deng Wu , Wu Jiang
Published: July 2023

We are currently living in the era of big data. [...]
Linguistic Features and Bi-LSTM for Identification of Fake News
Authors: Ali Attar Ahmed , Latif Shahzad , Ghauri Sajjad A. , Song Oh-Young , Abbasi Aaqif Afzaal , Malik Arif Jamal
Published: July 2023

With the spread of Internet technologies, the use of social media has increased exponentially. Although social media has many benefits, it has become the primary source of disinformation or fake news. The spread of fake news is creating many societal and economic issues. It has become very critical to develop an effective method to detect fake news so that it can be stopped, removed or flagged before spreading. To address the challenge of accurately detecting fake news, this paper proposes a solution called Statistical Word Embedding over Linguistic Features via Deep Learning (SWELDL Fake), which utilizes deep learning techniques to improve accuracy. The proposed model implements a statistical method called “principal component analysis” (PCA) on fake news textual representations to identify significant features that can help identify fake news. In addition, word embedding is employed to comprehend linguistic features and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) is utilized to classify news as true or fake. We used a benchmark dataset called SWELDL Fake to validate our proposed model, which has about 72,000 news articles collected from different benchmark datasets. Our model achieved a classification accuracy of 98.52% on fake news, surpassing the performance of state-of-the-art deep learning and machine learning models.
Predicting High-Frequency Stock Movement with Differential Transformer Neural Network
Authors: Lai Shijie , Wang Mingxian , Zhao Shengjie , Arce Gonzalo R.
Published: July 2023

Predicting stock prices has long been the holy grail for providing guidance to investors. Extracting effective information from Limit Order Books (LOBs) is a key point in high-frequency trading based on stock-movement forecasting. LOBs offer many details, but at the same time, they are very noisy. This paper proposes a differential transformer neural network model, dubbed DTNN, to predict stock movement according to LOB data. The model utilizes a temporal attention-augmented bilinear layer (TABL) and a temporal convolutional network (TCN) to denoise the data. In addition, a prediction transformer module captures the dependency between time series. A differential layer is proposed and incorporated into the model to extract information from the messy and chaotic high-frequency LOB time series. This layer can identify the fine distinction between adjacent slices in the series. We evaluate the proposed model on several datasets. On the open LOB benchmark FI-2010, our model outperforms other comparative state-of-the-art methods in accuracy and F1 score. In the experiments using actual stock data, our model also shows great stock-movement forecasting capability and generalization performance.
An Improved Structure Enabling Hole Erase Operation When Using an IGZO Channel in a 3D NAND Flash Structure to Which COP (Cell-On-Peri) Structure Is Applied
Authors: Choi Seonjun , Kang Myounggon , Song Yun-Heub
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we proposed an improved (Indum-Galum-Zinc-Oxide) IGZO-Filler (IF) structure that can be used in a Cell-On-Peri (COP) structure by improving the excellent erase performance of the IGZO-Pillar (IP) structure. The IP structure mentioned above is a structure that we announced in a previous study, and this structure overcomes the poor hole carrier characteristics of IGZO when the IGZO channel was used in the early 3D NAND Flash structure and enables hole erase operation. The proposed structure showed that, despite the very poor hole carrier characteristics of IGZO, hole erase operation is sufficiently possible even if only a few hole carriers exist in a thin pillar of 5 nm thickness. Simulation results show that the proposed structure exhibits a fast erase rate of 100 μs, similar to that of the existing structure, while maintaining the low leakage current properties inherent in the IGZO material. Therefore, the proposed structure is expected to maintain the excellent characteristics of the IGZO channel even in the 3D NAND Flash of the COP structure, which enables erasure operation while overcoming leakage current and temperature stability problems of existing polysilicon channels.
Acute Effects of Fluoxetine on Stress Responses and Feeding Motivation in Nile Tilapia
Authors: Miranda Julia P. G. A. , Isaac Ana Beatriz J. , Silva Rebeca B. , Toledo Leandro C. S. , Barcellos Leonardo J. G. , Delicio Helton Carlos , Barreto Rodrigo Egydio
Published: July 2023

The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine is one of the most commonly administered psychotropic medications; however, it has been recognized as toxic to aquatic life. In this study, we showed that stress responses and feeding motivation in Nile tilapia were affected by acute exposure to fluoxetine. To reach that conclusion, we exposed Nile tilapia to 0, 1 or 10 µg/L (environmentally/biologically relevant doses) of fluoxetine over a 24 h period and then exposed them to a handling stressor. We found that the 10 µg/L dose enhanced cortisol response to stress but caused an earlier decrease in the ventilation boost induced by that stressor. An immediate ventilation boost after stressful stimuli indicates sympathetic activation. Thus, this suggests that fluoxetine decreased sympathetic nervous system activity but augmented hypothalamus–pituitary–interrenal axis activity in the fish. Both feeding latency and ingestion were similar among the tested conditions; however, a multiple logistic regression model revealed that in the presence of a stressor or fluoxetine, the Nile tilapia tended to ingest less food but there was a higher probability of this decrease to be associated with fluoxetine. We concluded that acute exposure to environmentally/biologically relevant fluoxetine concentrations over 24 h acted as a modifying factor for Nile tilapia stress physiology and tended to interfere with feeding motivation. An acute stress response is an emergency reaction that contributes to the recovery of homeostasis. In the presence of fluoxetine, modifications of acute stress responses and the tendency to reduce food intake, which restricts the ability to replace the energy spent on stress responses, could compromise the resumption of homeostasis and an animal’s adjustment to different environmental contexts, such as those associated with aquaculture, in which anthropogenic stressors inevitably occur.
Rocking Motion Analysis Using Structural Identification Tools
Authors: Rohmer Ophélie , Santisi d’Avila Maria Paola , Bertrand Etienne , Regnier Julie
Published: July 2023

This research investigates the convenience of structural identification tools to detect the rocking motion tendency, using as input the structural response to ambient vibrations. The rocking ratio and rocking spectrum are proposed as original tools to highlight the rocking motion and its frequency content. The proposed procedure allows the detection and quantification of rocking using only building vertical motion records in both cases of ambient vibration and earthquake. First, three-dimensional finite element models of reinforced concrete buildings are adopted to simulate the structural response to white noise vibration. Different low- and high-rise buildings are studied, having framed structure and frame–wall system, regular and irregular structure, shallow foundation and underground floors. The structural response obtained numerically is analyzed using different signal processing tools to obtain the dynamic features of buildings, and the rocking motion tendency is identified by comparison with a reference fixed base condition. Then, the reliability of the proposed methodology to detect rocking motion attitude, using only the structural motion, is verified and quantified using the proposed tools. Finally, the same approach is applied to real structural motion records of a high-rise reinforced concrete building.
The Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis Breakthroughs in Molecular Mechanisms 1 and 2
Authors: Nanke Yuki
Published: July 2023

The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) consists of the formation of synovial villi, inflammation, immune abnormalities, and bone–cartilage destruction [...]
Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibition and Molecular Docking Study of Meroterpenoids Isolated from Brown Alga, Sargassum macrocarpum
Authors: Ko Seok-Chun , Kim Ji-Yul , Lee Jeong Min , Yim Mi-Jin , Kim Hyun-Soo , Oh Gun-Woo , Kim Chul Hwan , Kang Nalae , Heo Soo-Jin , Baek Kyunghwa , Lee Dae-Sung
Published: July 2023

Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) is an important blood pressure regulator. In this study, we aimed to investigate the ACE-inhibitory effects of meroterpenoids isolated from the brown alga, Sargassum macrocarpum, and the molecular mechanisms underlying ACE inhibition. Four fractions of S. macrocarpum were prepared using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water as solvents and analyzed for their potential ACE-inhibitory effects. The chloroform fraction showed the strongest ACE-inhibitory effect, with an IC50 value of 0.18 mg/mL. Three meroterpenoids, sargachromenol, 7-methyl sargachromenol, and sargaquinoic acid, were isolated from the chloroform fraction. Meroterpenoids isolated from S. macrocarpum had IC50 values of 0.44, 0.37, and 0.14 mM. The molecular docking study revealed that the ACE-inhibitory effect of the isolated meroterpenoids was mainly attributed to Zn-ion, hydrogen bonds, pi-anion, and pi–alkyl interactions between the meroterpenoids and ACE. These results suggest that S. macrocarpum could be a potential raw material for manufacturing antihypertensive nutraceutical ingredients.
The Role of Ion Channels in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGID): Evidence of Channelopathies and Potential Avenues for Future Research and Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Maqoud Fatima , Tricarico Domenico , Mallamaci Rosanna , Orlando Antonella , Russo Francesco
Published: July 2023

Several gastrointestinal (GI) tract abnormalities, including visceral hypersensitivity, motility, and intestinal permeability alterations, have been implicated in functional GI disorders (FGIDs). Ion channels play a crucial role in all the functions mentioned above. Hormones and natural molecules modulate these channels and represent targets of drugs and bacterial toxins. Mutations and abnormal functional expression of ion channel subunits can lead to diseases called channelopathies. These channelopathies in gastroenterology are gaining a strong interest, and the evidence of co-relationships is increasing. In this review, we describe the correlation status between channelopathies and FGIDs. Different findings are available. Among others, mutations in the ABCC7/CFTR gene have been described as a cause of constipation and diarrhea. Mutations of the SCN5A gene are instead associated with irritable bowel syndrome. In contrast, mutations of the TRPV1 and TRPA genes of the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily manifest hypersensitivity and visceral pain in sensory nerves. Recently, mice and humans affected by Cantu syndrome (CS), which is associated with the mutations of the KCNJ8 and ABCC9 genes encoding for the Kir6.1 and SUR2 subunits, showed dysfunction of contractility throughout the intestine and death in the mice after the weaning on solid food. The discovery of a correlation between channelopathies and FIGD opens new avenues for discovering new direct drug targets for specific channelopathies, leading to significant implications for diagnosing and treating functional GI diseases.
Profiling of Chromatin Accessibility in Pigs across Multiple Tissues and Developmental Stages
Authors: Bai Jingyi , Lin Yu , Zhang Jiaman , Chen Ziyu , Wang Yujie , Li Mingzhou , Li Jing
Published: July 2023

The study of chromatin accessibility across tissues and developmental stages is essential for elucidating the transcriptional regulation of various phenotypes and biological processes. However, the chromatin accessibility profiles of multiple tissues in newborn pigs and across porcine liver development remain poorly investigated. Here, we used ATAC-seq and rRNA-depleted RNA-seq to profile open chromatin maps and transcriptional features of heart, kidney, liver, lung, skeletal muscle, and spleen in newborn pigs and porcine liver tissue in the suckling and adult stages, respectively. Specifically, by analyzing a union set of protein-coding genes (PCGs) and two types of transcripts (lncRNAs and TUCPs), we obtained a comprehensive annotation of consensus ATAC-seq peaks for each tissue and developmental stage. As expected, the PCGs with tissue-specific accessible promoters had active transcription and were relevant to tissue-specific functions. In addition, other non-coding tissue-specific peaks were involved in both physical activity and the morphogenesis of neonatal tissues. We also characterized stage-specific peaks and observed a close association between dynamic chromatin accessibility and hepatic function transition during liver postnatal development. Overall, this study expands our current understanding of epigenetic regulation in mammalian tissues and organ development, which can benefit both economic trait improvement and improve the biomedical usage of pigs.
EbbHLH80 Enhances Salt Responses by Up-Regulating Flavonoid Accumulation and Modulating ROS Levels
Authors: Gao Qingqing , Li Xia , Xiang Chunfan , Li Ruolan , Xie Hongchun , Liu Jia , Li Xiaoning , Zhang Guanghui , Yang Shengchao , Liang Yanli , Zhai Chenxi , Zhao Yan
Published: July 2023

bHLH transcription factors are involved in multiple aspects of plant biology, such as the response to abiotic stress. Erigeron breviscapus is a composite plant, and its rich flavonoids have strong preventive and therapeutic effects on cardio cerebral vascular disease. EbbHLH80, a gene from E. breviscapus that positively regulates flavonoid synthesis, was previously characterized. However, it is unclear whether EbbHLH80 increases flavonoid accumulation, which affects salt tolerance. The function of EbbHLH80 in transgenic tobacco seeds was identified by phylogenetic analysis and metabolome-transcriptome analysis. We investigated the role of EbbHLH80 in salt stress response. Our results showed that the expression of EbbHLH80 increased following salt treatment. Integrating the metabolome and transcriptome analysis of EbbHLH80-OE and Yunyan 87 (WT) seeds, we identified several genes and metabolites related to flavonoid biosynthesis and salt stress. Moreover, EbbHLH80-OE plants displayed higher salt tolerance than wild-type plants during seed germination and seedling growth. After salt treatment, transgenic tobacco had significantly lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than WT, with enhanced levels of antioxidant enzyme expression. Altogether, our results demonstrated that EbbHLH80 might be a positive regulator, promoting salt tolerance by modulating ROS scavenging and increasing stress-responsive genes.
Cyclophilin A Isomerisation of Septin 2 Mediates Abscission during Cytokinesis
Authors: Gorry Rebecca L. , Brennan Kieran , Lavin Paul T. M. , Mazurski Tayler , Mary Charline , Matallanas David , Guichou Jean-François , Mc Gee Margaret M.
Published: July 2023

The isomerase activity of Cyclophilin A is important for midbody abscission during cell division, however, to date, midbody substrates remain unknown. In this study, we report that the GTP-binding protein Septin 2 interacts with Cyclophilin A. We highlight a dynamic series of Septin 2 phenotypes at the midbody, previously undescribed in human cells. Furthermore, Cyclophilin A depletion or loss of isomerase activity is sufficient to induce phenotypic Septin 2 defects at the midbody. Structural and molecular analysis reveals that Septin 2 proline 259 is important for interaction with Cyclophilin A. Moreover, an isomerisation-deficient EGFP-Septin 2 proline 259 mutant displays defective midbody localisation and undergoes impaired abscission, which is consistent with data from cells with loss of Cyclophilin A expression or activity. Collectively, these data reveal Septin 2 as a novel interacting partner and isomerase substrate of Cyclophilin A at the midbody that is required for abscission during cytokinesis in cancer cells.
Propranolol, Promising Chemosensitizer and Candidate for the Combined Therapy through Disruption of Tumor Microenvironment Homeostasis by Decreasing the Level of Carbonic Anhydrase IX
Authors: Puzderova Barbora , Belvoncikova Petra , Grossmannova Katarina , Csaderova Lucia , Labudova Martina , Fecikova Silvia , Pastorek Jaromir , Barathova Monika
Published: July 2023

Resistance to chemotherapy represents a persisting medical problem, ranking among main causes of chemotherapy failure and cancer mortality. There is a possibility to utilize and repurpose already existing therapeutics which were not primarily intended for oncological treatment. Overactivation of adrenergic receptors and signaling dysregulation promotes tumor progression, metastatic potential, immune system evasion, tumor angiogenesis and drug resistance. The non-selective beta-blocker propranolol, approved in infantile haemangioma treatment, has a high potential for use in cancer therapy. We analyzed the effects of propranolol and 5-fluorouracil combination on sensitive and resistant cells derived from colorectal carcinoma in monolayers, single-component and co-culture spheroids and in vivo mouse models. Our results revealed that propranolol is able to exert its effect not only in chemosensitive colorectal cells, but also in 5-fluorouracil resistant cells. Propranolol disrupts the hypoxic adaptation machinery by inhibiting HIF1α, carbonic anhydrase IX, and activates apoptosis, which may be important in the management of chemo-resistant patients. We showed that propranolol slows down the growth of xenografts formed from colorectal cancer cells, even from cells already adapted to the β-blocker. We provide clear evidence that blockade of β-adrenergic receptors affects essential signaling pathways modulating tumor microenvironment and thus the response to anticancer therapy. Our findings indicate that propranolol could be repurposed to serve as chemosensitizer in combined therapy aimed at disrupting homeostasis of tumor microenvironment.
Identification of N-Acyl Hydrazones as New Non-Zinc-Binding MMP-13 Inhibitors by Structure-Based Virtual Screening Studies and Chemical Optimization
Authors: Cuffaro Doretta , Gimeno Aleix , Bernardoni Bianca Laura , Di Leo Riccardo , Pujadas Gerard , Garcia-Vallvé Santiago , Nencetti Susanna , Rossello Armando , Nuti Elisa
Published: July 2023

Matrix metalloproteinase 13 plays a central role in osteoarthritis (OA), as its overexpression induces an excessive breakdown of collagen that results in an imbalance between collagen synthesis and degradation in the joint, leading to progressive articular cartilage degradation. Therefore, MMP-13 has been proposed as a key therapeutic target for OA. Here we have developed a virtual screening workflow aimed at identifying selective non-zinc-binding MMP-13 inhibitors by targeting the deep S1′ pocket of MMP-13. Three ligands were found to inhibit MMP-13 in the µM range, and one of these showed selectivity over other MMPs. A structure-based analysis guided the chemical optimization of the hit compound, leading to the obtaining of a new N-acyl hydrazone-based derivative with improved inhibitory activity and selectivity for the target enzyme.
Developmental Neurotoxicity of Trichlorfon in Zebrafish Larvae
Authors: Shi Qipeng , Yang Huaran , Chen Yangli , Zheng Na , Li Xiaoyu , Wang Xianfeng , Ding Weikai , Zhang Bangjun
Published: July 2023

Trichlorfon is an organophosphorus pesticide widely used in aquaculture and has potential neurotoxicity, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to trichlorfon at concentrations (0, 0.1, 2 and 5 mg/L) used in aquaculture from 2 to 144 h post fertilization. Trichlorfon exposure reduced the survival rate, hatching rate, heartbeat and body length and increased the malformation rate of zebrafish larvae. The locomotor activity of larvae was significantly reduced. The results of molecular docking revealed that trichlorfon could bind to acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Furthermore, trichlorfon significantly inhibited AChE activity, accompanied by decreased acetylcholine, dopamine and serotonin content in larvae. The transcription patterns of genes related to acetylcholine (e.g., ache, chrna7, chata, hact and vacht), dopamine (e.g., drd4a and drd4b) and serotonin systems (e.g., tph1, tph2, tphr, serta, sertb, htrlaa and htrlab) were consistent with the changes in acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin content and AChE activity. The genes related to the central nervous system (CNS) (e.g., a1-tubulin, mbp, syn2a, shha and gap-43) were downregulated. Our results indicate that the developmental neurotoxicity of trichlorfon might be attributed to disorders of cholinergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic signaling and the development of the CNS.
A Simple Equation to Estimate Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Older Adults Using the 6 min Walk Test, Sex, Age and Body Mass Index
Authors: Šagát Peter , Kalčik Zvonimir , Bartik Peter , Šiška Ľuboslav , Štefan Lovro
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The 6 min walk test (6MWT) is used in clinical and epidemiological practice as a simple tool to evaluate the maximal aerobic exercise capacity (VO2max). To date, little evidence has been provided regarding regression equation models to predict VO2max in older adults. Therefore, the main purpose of the study was to develop a reference equation to estimate objectively measured VO2max, based on the 6MWT, sex, age and body mass index (BMI). Patients and Methods: In this observational prospective study, we collected the data from 233 asymptomatic participants aged 60–80 years (52.4% women). VO2max and the 6MWT were measured using standardized protocols. BMI was calculated as weight (kg) divided by height squared (m2). To be able to develop the predictive equation for VO2max, we used linear generalized estimating equations (GEE). Results: Older men performed better in VO2max (30.9 ± 8.8 vs. 26.3 ± 6.3 mL/kg/min, p < 0.001) and the 6MWT (673.9 ± 58.7 vs. 642.3 ± 48.0 m, p < 0.001), compared to women. VO2max was correlated with the 6MWT (r = 0.71, p < 0.001), sex (r = −0.29, p < 0.001), age (r = −0.62, p < 0.001) and BMI (r = −0.38, p < 0.001). The model to predict VO2max included: VO2max (mL/kg/min) = 59.44 − 3.83 *, sex (1—men; 2—women) − 0.56 *, age (years) − 0.48 *, BMI (kg/m2) + 0.04 *, and the 6MWT (m) (R = 0.85; R2 = 72.3%, SEE = 3.99 mL/kg/min, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The newly developed regression equation can be a guideline in clinical and epidemiological practice to predict the VO2max in apparently healthy older adults.
Reducing Health Inequalities in Individuals with Severe Mental Disorders: Harnessing Real-World Data and Patient-Reported Measures
Authors: Boyer Laurent , Auquier Pascal , Yon Dong Keon , Llorca Pierre-Michel , Fond Guillaume
Published: July 2023

Mental disorders are the leading cause of diminished lifespans worldwide and make up 5 of the top 10 most significant causes of disability [...]