bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eucalyptus Bark as Source of Bio-oil or Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Leão Alcides L. , Cesarino Ivana , Dias Otávio A. T. , Carnietto Mirela B. , Sain Mohini
Published: January 2021

Background:

Eucalyptus bark and scraps are generated in the production of mediumdensity
fiberboard (MDF). An approach aiming to add value to such wastes was studied, following
the concepts of circular economy and biomass cascade strategy. Bio-oil and phenolic resin were
produced by pyrolysis from two types of biomass, Eucalyptus bark and MDF waste. As is well
known, conventional phenolic resins are normally obtained from fossil resources. These products
were obtained from the pyrolysis of two types of biomass to reduce environmental waste and dependence
on petroleum-based products.

Objective:

The main objective of the present study was to produce phenolic resin from Eucalyptus
wastes, aiming to reduce the fossil dependence on conventional resins used in the production line
of MDF.

Methods:

Fast pyrolysis and slow pyrolysis were employed for bio-oil and phenolic resin production.
The bio-oil and resins were characterized with standard lab analyses for their physicochemical
properties, while their thermal properties were studied via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).

Results:

The shear strength of the lap internal bonding of the phenolic resin binders with 19.8% of
bio-oil was 2.09, 1.34, and 1.63 MPa under dry, boiler, and soaked conditions, respectively, which
was acceptable for panel fabrication and can represent a significant saving in terms of fossil resins
and cost reduction.

Discussion:

According to the results, 1 g medium fraction of bio-oils was equivalent to 1.35 g of
conventional phenols, indicating those bio-oils as phenolic structures that could be used as binders.
The bio-oil yields for bark and MDF were 40.9 and 25.1, respectively, which indicate a potential
for replacing the conventional fossil-based phenolic resin.

Conclusion:

The results revealed the possibility of replacing conventional fossil-based chemicals with phenolic resin from renewable resources with similar overall properties, replacing about 1/3 of the conventional resin.
Analysis of The Actuating of The Rehabilitation Program House is not Unitable in Palembang City
Authors: Febrianza Muhammad , Sutinah Sutinah
Published: January 2021

This study examines the dimension of drivers in the implementation of the unworthy housing program in Palembang City. Data were analysed using an interactive model which includes three components of the analysis, namely reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that based on the planning dimension, the limited amount of budget owned by the government when compared to Mobilization, the socialization carried out was not optimal, the community was quite enthusiastic about participating in the unfit home rehabilitation program in Palembang City by building their own houses. However, development is being carried out quite slowly due to a lack of expertise and due to the busyness of the community making a living. To overcome this, it is necessary to motivate the community to carry out the construction of their houses, including giving wages.
Ability of Current Machine Learning Algorithms to Predict and Detect Hypoglycemia in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: Meta-analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Kodama Satoru , Fujihara Kazuya , Shiozaki Haruka , Horikawa Chika , Yamada Mayuko Harada , Sato Takaaki , Yaguchi Yuta , Yamamoto Masahiko , Kitazawa Masaru , Iwanaga Midori , Matsubayashi Yasuhiro , Sone Hirohito
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Machine learning (ML) algorithms have been widely introduced to diabetes research including those for the identification of hypoglycemia.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this meta-analysis is to assess the current ability of ML algorithms to detect hypoglycemia (ie, alert to hypoglycemia coinciding with its symptoms) or predict hypoglycemia (ie, alert to hypoglycemia before its symptoms have occurred).

METHODS

Electronic literature searches (from January 1, 1950, to September 14, 2020) were conducted using the Dialog platform that covers 96 databases of peer-reviewed literature. Included studies had to train the ML algorithm in order to build a model to detect or predict hypoglycemia and test its performance. The set of 2 × 2 data (ie, number of true positives, false positives, true negatives, and false negatives) was pooled with a hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic model.

RESULTS

A total of 33 studies (14 studies for detecting hypoglycemia and 19 studies for predicting hypoglycemia) were eligible. For detection of hypoglycemia, pooled estimates (95% CI) of sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) were 0.79 (0.75-0.83), 0.80 (0.64-0.91), 8.05 (4.79-13.51), and 0.18 (0.12-0.27), respectively. For prediction of hypoglycemia, pooled estimates (95% CI) were 0.80 (0.72-0.86) for sensitivity, 0.92 (0.87-0.96) for specificity, 10.42 (5.82-18.65) for PLR, and 0.22 (0.15-0.31) for NLR.

CONCLUSIONS

Current ML algorithms have insufficient ability to detect ongoing hypoglycemia and considerate ability to predict impeding hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus using hypoglycemic drugs with regard to diagnostic tests in accordance with the Users’ Guide to Medical Literature (PLR should be ≥5 and NLR should be ≤0.2 for moderate reliability). However, it should be emphasized that the clinical applicability of these ML algorithms should be evaluated according to patients’ risk profiles such as for hypoglycemia and its associated complications (eg, arrhythmia, neuroglycopenia) as well as the average ability of the ML algorithms. Continued research is required to develop more accurate ML algorithms than those that currently exist and to enhance the feasibility of applying ML in clinical settings.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020163682; http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020163682
Enabling Wearable Pulse Transit Time-Based Blood Pressure Estimation for Medically Underserved Areas and Health Equity: Comprehensive Evaluation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Ganti Venu , Carek Andrew M , Jung Hewon , Srivatsa Adith V , Cherry Deborah , Johnson Levather Neicey , Inan Omer T
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Noninvasive and cuffless approaches to monitor blood pressure (BP), in light of their convenience and accuracy, have paved the way toward remote screening and management of hypertension. However, existing noninvasive methodologies, which operate on mechanical, electrical, and optical sensing modalities, have not been thoroughly evaluated in demographically and racially diverse populations. Thus, the potential accuracy of these technologies in populations where they could have the greatest impact has not been sufficiently addressed. This presents challenges in clinical translation due to concerns about perpetuating existing health disparities.

OBJECTIVE

In this paper, we aim to present findings on the feasibility of a cuffless, wrist-worn, pulse transit time (PTT)–based device for monitoring BP in a diverse population.

METHODS

We recruited a diverse population through a collaborative effort with a nonprofit organization working with medically underserved areas in Georgia. We used our custom, multimodal, wrist-worn device to measure the PTT through seismocardiography, as the proximal timing reference, and photoplethysmography, as the distal timing reference. In addition, we created a novel data-driven beat-selection algorithm to reduce noise and improve the robustness of the method. We compared the wearable PTT measurements with those from a finger-cuff continuous BP device over the course of several perturbations used to modulate BP.

RESULTS

Our PTT-based wrist-worn device accurately monitored diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in a diverse population (N=44 participants) with a mean absolute difference of 2.90 mm Hg and 3.39 mm Hg for DBP and MAP, respectively, after calibration. Meanwhile, the mean absolute difference of our systolic BP estimation was 5.36 mm Hg, a grade B classification based on the Institute for Electronics and Electrical Engineers standard. We have further demonstrated the ability of our device to capture the commonly observed demographic differences in underlying arterial stiffness.

CONCLUSIONS

Accurate DBP and MAP estimation, along with grade B systolic BP estimation, using a convenient wearable device can empower users and facilitate remote BP monitoring in medically underserved areas, thus providing widespread hypertension screening and management for health equity.
JuTrack: A Digital Biomarker Platform for Remote Monitoring in Neuropsychiatric and Psychiatric Diseases (Preprint)
Authors: Far Mehran Sahandi , Stolz Michael , Fischer Jona Marcus , Eickhoff Simon B , Dukart Juergen
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Health-related data being collected by smartphones offer a promising complementary approach to in-clinic assessments.

OBJECTIVE

Here we introduce the JuTrack platform as a secure, reliable and extendable open-source solution for remote monitoring in daily-life and digital phenotyping.

METHODS

JuTrack consists of an Android-based smartphone application and a web-based project management dashboard. A wide range of anonymized measurements from motion-sensors, social and physical activities and geolocation information can be collected in either active or passive modes. The dashboard also provides management tools to monitor and manage data collection across studies. To facilitate scaling, reproducibility, data management and sharing we integrated DataLad as a data management infrastructure. JuTrack was developed to comply with security, privacy and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) requirements.

RESULTS

JuTrack is an open-source (released under open-source Apache 2.0 licenses) platform for remote assessment of digital biomarkers (DB) in neurological, psychiatric and other indications. The main components of the JuTrack platform and examples of data being collected using JuTrack are presented here.

CONCLUSIONS

Smartphone-based Digital Biomarker data may provide valuable insight into daily life behaviour in health and disease. JuTrack provides an easy and reliable open-source solution for collection of such data.
Impact of Asynchronous Electronic Communication–Based Visits on Clinical Outcomes and Health Care Delivery: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Nguyen Oliver T , Alishahi Tabriz Amir , Huo Jinhai , Hanna Karim , Shea Christopher M , Turner Kea
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Electronic visits (e-visits) involve asynchronous communication between clinicians and patients through a secure web-based platform, such as a patient portal, to elicit symptoms and determine a diagnosis and treatment plan. E-visits are now reimbursable through Medicare due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The state of evidence regarding e-visits, such as the impact on clinical outcomes and health care delivery, is unclear.

OBJECTIVE

To address this gap, we examine how e-visits have impacted clinical outcomes and health care quality, access, utilization, and costs.

METHODS

We conducted a systematic review; MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from January 2000 through October 2020 for peer-reviewed studies that assessed e-visits’ impacts on clinical and health care delivery outcomes.

RESULTS

Out of 1859 papers, 19 met the inclusion criteria. E-visit usage was associated with improved or comparable clinical outcomes, especially for chronic disease management (eg, diabetes care, blood pressure management). The impact on quality of care varied across conditions. Quality of care was equivalent or better for chronic conditions, but variable quality was observed in infection management (eg, appropriate antibiotic prescribing). Similarly, the impact on health care utilization varied across conditions (eg, lower utilization for dermatology but mixed impact in primary care). Health care costs were lower for e-visits than those for in-person visits for a wide range of conditions (eg, dermatology and acute visits). No studies examined the impact of e-visits on health care access. It is difficult to draw firm conclusions about effectiveness or impact on care delivery from the studies that were included because many used observational designs.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, the evidence suggests e-visits may provide clinical outcomes that are comparable to those provided by in-person care and reduce health care costs for certain health care conditions. At the same time, there is mixed evidence on health care quality, especially regarding infection management (eg, sinusitis, urinary tract infections, conjunctivitis). Further studies are needed to test implementation strategies that might improve delivery (eg, clinical decision support for antibiotic prescribing) and to assess which conditions can be managed via e-visits.
Surgimiento, autopercepción y participación del líder de opinión en el espacio digital
Authors: Atilano Morales Julián
Published: January 2021

Los estudios clásicos sobre sociología electoral han presentado evidencia sobre la influencia del líder de opinión en las preferencias electorales. Sin embargo, aún son escasas y muy generales las investigaciones que han observado este fenómeno en el espacio digital. Por tal motivo, el objetivo de este artículo es mostrar cómo se propicia la construcción del líder de opinión en el espacio digital, cómo se configura la autopercepción de éste, y cuáles son los mecanismos que utiliza para persuadir. El método de investigación es el estudio de caso y la técnica principal es la entrevista semiestructurada. La unidad de análisis son personas mayores de 18 años, que hayan votado y promovido el voto a favor de Jaime Rodríguez “El Bronco”, Enrique Alfaro o Pedro Kumamoto en la elección de 2015 en México. Se concluye que el espacio digital provee recursos para que la persona líder de opinión se construya y se perciba a sí misma con capacidad de influencia entre sus redes de contactos, mediante la legitimidad que éstas le otorgan para que sea capaz de articular un repertorio de acción con el fin de persuadir.
Cristina Fernández y el Poder Judicial. Apuntes sobre un vínculo —discursivo— conflictivo
Authors: Gindin Irene Lis
Published: January 2021

En este artículo se estudiaron, a través del análisis del discurso de la expresidenta argentina Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, los modos en que se construyó su vínculo con el Poder Judicial de la Nación Argentina. A partir de la exploración del aspecto polémico del discurso, se sostiene que dicho vínculo puede ser comprendido por lo que se denominó como renominación fundante: el momento político y discursivo en que Fernández comenzó a denominar al Poder Judicial como “Partido Judicial”. El corpus de análisis se conformó a partir de un conjunto de discursos que se referían a tres acontecimientos que tematizaban dicha relación: la Reforma Judicial de 2013, la muerte del fiscal Alberto Nisman en 2015 y las sucesivas denuncias judiciales contra Fernández de Kirchner. Debido a que lo discutido son asuntos vinculados con la separación de poderes, reflexionar sobre estos lazos ayuda a pensar, nada más y nada menos, que la propia democracia.
Compensación de reactivos en instalaciones de sistemas solares fotovoltaicos penalizadas por bajo factor de potencia
Authors: Bautista Almánzar Ismael , Aybar Mejía Miguel Euclides , Blanco Moisés , Vicini H. Rommel A.
Published: January 2021

En este artículo se estudia la posibilidad de compensar potencia eléctrica reactiva (kVAr) en sistemas fotovoltaicos para reducir o anular los recargos causados por bajo factor de potencia, ya que representan un costo adicional en la factura eléctrica. Para compensar la potencia eléctrica reactiva que se consume en los sistemas eléctricos es necesario el uso de elementos que produzcan este tipo de potencia reactiva, por lo que en este estudio se propone un método que compensa la potencia eléctrica reactiva demandada de la red junto al sistema fotovoltaico instalado. El método seleccionado se eligió con base en estudios entre distintas tecnologías en el ámbito de compensación de potencia eléctrica reactiva como inversores, bancos de capacitores, entre otros. Además, se utilizó un analizador de redes eléctricas para registrar el comportamiento de la carga conectada y así evaluar la efectividad de este método al evaluar las tendencias del consumo de potencia eléctrica reactiva antes y un después de implementar el método seleccionado. El método propuesto es aplicado en una instalación real y su efectividad se respalda con ahorros económicos al mejorar el factor de potencia y con ahorros ambientales al lograr una reducción de emisiones de dióxido de carbono.
Skin manifestations of COVID-19
Authors: Dvoryankova E. V. , Korsunskaya I. M. , Slavyanskaya T. A.
Published: January 2021

The infection caused by the recently identified SARS-CoV-2, dubbed coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), has become a pandemic. With exponential growth of morbidity among the people around the world, the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 are becoming clearer and description of new disease symptoms descriptions is emerging. The sufficient amount of descriptions of various skin manifestations in patients with COVID-19 has appeared, however they are characterized by great heterogeneity. The pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of skin rashes in patients with COVID-19 are currently unknown, however, hypotheses have been put forward that they have an overactive immune response, activation of the complement system and microvascular damage. Based on the published literature data and our own experience, the following characteristic types of skin rashes can be distinguished among the skin manifestations of this viral disease: urticaria, confluent, papulovesicular exanthema, acral rashes similar to frostbite, livedo reticularis and purpura. Possible development of skin lesions against the background of the development of COVID-19 provides the need to inform dermatologists about the features of the skin manifestations of this disease, as well as to study further these symptoms of COVID-19 to determine their diagnostic and prognostic value.
A bela missão de ensinar: a poesia didática a partir das obras de Lucrécio e Manílio (séculos I a.C. – I d.C.)
Authors: Oliveira Rodrigo Santos Monteiro
Published: January 2021

A poesia didática expressa um conhecimento para alguém e, dessa forma, elege em sua composição dois personagens principais ao longo de narrativa: o professor, ou seja, aquele que ensina; e o aluno, a quem o ensinamento é direcionado. Tal articulação pode ser percebida pela utilização da primeira pessoa na elaboração do texto, o que nos dá a impressão de um discurso falado a alguém de maneira direta. Ao evocarem seu compromisso com a matéria e alertarem seus alunos a respeito do tortuoso caminho da aprendizagem, Lucrécio e Manílio constroem seu próprio percurso retórico a fim de legitimarem aquilo que afirmam ser necessário para o bem-estar geral. Concomitantemente, os autores percebem a necessidade dos adornos característicos das grandes poesias épicas a fim de tornarem atrativas as experiências de aprendizado aos seus interlocutores; como um médico que adoça com o mel o medicamento amargo ministrado aos seus pacientes, os poetas se utilizam da poesia para transmitir conhecimentos de alto valor. Por esta razão, analisaremos as obras De rerum natura e Astronomicas, entendendo o gênero literário especificado a partir de um projeto educacional particular de ambos os poetas, ao mesmo tempo em que representavam os anseios de sua sociedade e de seus pares.
River Discharge and Water Level Changes in the Mekong River: Droughts in an Era of Mega-Dams
Authors: Lu XiXi , Chua Samuel
Published: January 2021

While 1992 marked the first major dam – Manwan – on the main stem of
the Mekong River, the post-2010 era has seen the construction and
operationalisation of mega dams such as Xiaowan (started operations in
2010) and Nuozhadu (started operations in 2014) that were much larger
than any dams built before. The scale of these projects implies that
their operations will likely have significant ecological and
hydrological impacts from the Upper Mekong Basin to the Vietnamese Delta
and beyond. Historical water level and water discharge data from 1960 to
2020 were analysed to examine the changes to streamflow conditions
across three time periods: 1960-1991 (pre-dam), 1992-2009 (growth) and
2010-2020 (mega-dam). At Chiang Saen, the nearest station to the China
border, monthly water discharge in the mega-dam period has increased by
up to 98% during the dry season and decreased up as much as -35%
during the wet season when compared to pre-dam records. Similarly,
monthly water levels also rose by up to +1.16m during the dry season and
dropped by up to -1.55m during the wet season. This pattern of
hydrological alterations is observed further downstream to at least
Stung Treng (Cambodia) in our study, showing that Mekong streamflow
characteristics have shifted substantially in the post-2010 era. In
light of such changes, the 2019-2020 drought – the most severe one in
the recent history in the Lower Mekong Basin – was a consequent of
constructed dams reducing the amount of water during the wet season.
This reduction of water was exacerbated by the decreased monsoon
precipitation in 2019. Concurrently, the untimely operationalisation of
the newly opened Xayaburi dam in Laos coincided with the peak of the
2019-2020 drought and could have aggravated the dry conditions
downstream. Thus, the mega-dam era (post-2010) may signal the start of a
new normal of wet-season droughts.
La Belleza necesaria. Manifiesto a favor de la Belleza en el sistema educativo
Authors: Campo Baeza Alberto
Published: January 2021

This manifesto argues for the importance of cultivating the fine arts in the education of children and their relationship with the cultivation of intelligence. Poetry, music, drawing, painting, and philosophy transmit Beauty, which is inseparably linked to reason and truth. Teachers must know how to use knowledge to light a flame in the minds and souls of their students, and how to transmit to the them the sacred fire of culture. To keep this flame, which is the search for Beauty, burning, the fine arts are essential.
¿Cabe una educación sexual que sea expresión de una inteligencia cultivada?
Authors:   Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Reyero García David
Published: January 2021

This article aims to show how sex education today responds to the dominance that philosophies of suspicion have achieved over intellectual life, a dominance that hinders a normative judgment of human sexuality. Any attempt at regulation is suspected of concealing some kind of domination by some over others. The lack of regulations makes meaningful education about sexuality impossible and only allows for education that is superficial, instrumental, and limits itself to managing unwanted consequences such as teenage pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. This work shows that there is another way of understanding intellectual life that is linked to moral life, open to the truth, and not just dedicated to denunciation. Thinking well involves living within a tradition and on the path of a good life. A concept of a good life supposes a teleological understanding of the human condition and the necessary cultivation of virtues in order to remain within it. In this dimension, sexuality has a meaning that is not merely biological but also relational, generative, and communicative, and it is subject to rules that derive from our personal character and sexuality’s relationship with intimacy.
El asombro: una emoción para el acceso a la sabiduría
Authors:   Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Fuentes Juan Luis
Published: January 2021

Awe is a classic concept with an important place in the history of philosophy, since it is regarded as the beginning of the development of thought, as we know it today. However, until now it has historically received little attention in the field of education, although in recent years it has been the subject of renewed attention for a variety of reasons. These include a growing discomfort with curriculum designs that reflect a frenetic culture with a clear tendency towards activism and instrumentalism. This work explores the concept of awe, considering some current approaches from the philosophy of education, at the same as providing new perspectives, considering the links between awe and wisdom as well as conditions that make awe possible, such as humility, gratitude, contemplation of the environment, and appreciation of the intrinsic value of what is observed. Moreover, it suggests three areas for fostering awe in schools. These include: creating opportunities for contact with truth, beauty, and goodness; promoting a greater immersion in natural environments; and reducing the pace of educational activity.
El cultivo inteligente de las emociones morales en la adolescencia
Authors:   Universidad de Barcelona (UB), Bisquerra Alzina Rafael , López-Cassà Èlia ,   Universidad de Barcelona (UB)
Published: January 2021

This article examines the relationship between emotional intelligence, emotional competence, and emotional education, with special reference to moral emotions applied to secondary education. Emotional education is a continuous and permanent educational process that occurs throughout life with the objective of developing emotional competences. Emotional intelligence in education is the foundation of these competences. There is currently abundant evidence for the benefits for students of emotional education. Its most notable effects include improved ethical and moral behaviour, the development of prosocial behaviours, and improved emotional competences, resulting in improved coexistence and well-being. Emotional education can address a multitude of topics, including emotional awareness and regulation, emotional autonomy, self-esteem, self-motivation, social skills, assertiveness, empathy, life skills, well-being, etc. This work focuses on moral emotions and values as an important aspect of education in adolescence. Adolescence is a developmental stage with significant changes and instability in moods that justifies the need to develop emotional intelligence in the educational field, specifically the education of moral emotions. Therefore, this work offers practical considerations for inclusion in the secondary education stage where the figure of the teacher has a key role as a model and educational reference.
La formación de la inteligencia a través de la literatura grecolatina y su pervivencia
Authors:   Colegio Tajamar de Madrid, Arenal López Luis
Published: January 2021

Although the classical languages and literatures of Greece and Rome enjoy great prestige, they are increasingly neglected in mainstream curricula. This work aims to analyse the principal reasons behind this situation. To do so, it turns to the thoughts of different specialists who have considered the issue in depth. Their opinions cover a wide array of perspectives, but they all agree on one key point: the scant attention usually paid to texts in the teaching of Greco-Latin literature. Scholars have tended to focus on context, therefore obscuring the texts: they pay more attention to morphological, syntactic, historical, literary, and metric aspects than to the texts themselves. Means have thus become ends, with tangible and unfortunate consequences. As a solution to this, we propose returning the texts to the centre of the classroom, through reading —in full if possible— and discussion of the original works. This way, Greek and Latin language studies will achieve a greater relevance, precisely because they would allow a deeper and more direct knowledge of the classics.
La enseñanza de la filosofía y el cultivo de la inteligencia. Una segunda mirada al Sentido Crítico y al Adoctrinamiento
Authors:   Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), Ibáñez-Martín José Antonio
Published: January 2021

Thinking demands an effort that many peo­ple avoid. Teaching philosophy is an especially valuable tool for cultivating intelligence. The teacher’s action demands a difficult balance be­tween caring for the development of the student while respecting the condition as a person that is inherent to her. This equilibrium is easier to achieve if one has an accurate idea of the mean­ing of the critical sense and of the importance of avoiding indoctrinatory behaviour. This article offers new approaches to these topics that differ from those proposed in previous years. It defends the idea of also relating critical sense to insight and an expanded reason, and it draws attention to the importance of uncover­ing the indoctrinating activities of some states, in order that we might know how to struggle against not just personal errors but also against mistaken public initiatives, identifying the strategies teachers, and in particular philosophy teachers, should foster to prevent their students from falling into the trap of indoctrination. The article concludes with a brief descrip­tion of an innovative curriculum that was ap­proved in France in 2019 to offer teaching of philosophy in the baccalaureate.
Toxocariasis y vacunación para Toxocara: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Jaramillo-Hernández Dumar A. , Salazar-Garcés Luis F. , Baquero-Parra Mónica M. , Da Silva-Pinheiro Carina , Alcantara-Neves Neuza M.
Published: January 2021

Según la prevalencia y el impacto en la salud pública, la toxocariasis es una zoonosis subestimada en los países en desarrollo y desarrollados. La transmisión de Toxocara spp. involucra animales de compañía caninos y felinos, como también perros y gatos sin hogar (Canis familiaris y Felis catus, respectivamente), que diseminan los huevos del parásito en sus heces al medio ambiente. Uno de los principales factores de riesgo para la infección y el desarrollo de la toxocariasis humana es convivir con cachorros felinos y caninos. Durante mucho tiempo, la estrategia preventiva para esta infección parasitaria ha sido el uso regular de medicamentos antiparasitarios para reducir la carga parasitaria a corto plazo. Se puede lograr una protección inmunológica duradera con la vacunación, sin embargo, todavía no se dispone de una vacuna. Por lo tanto, es fundamental conocer y comprender el estado del arte del desarrollo de vacunas para el control efectivo de esta zoonosis. Este artículo revisa los estudios experimentales centrados en el desarrollo de vacunas para el control de la toxocariasis, y se presta especial atención a los estudios epidemiológicos relevantes sobre la importancia de los caninos domésticos en la toxocariasis humana.
Smart City Pathways for Developing Asia: An Analytical Framework and Guidance
Authors: Yoon Seok Yong , Zelt Thilo , Narloch Ulf
Published: January 2021

The strategic use of digital technologies can enable smart cities to provide more accessible and better quality urban services for citizens, businesses, and governments. This working paper offers an analytical framework to assess, design, and implement smart city concepts that apply digital technologies tailored to specific contexts. It is intended to guide smart city practitioners and decision-makers in developing Asia to enhance their advisory services, project planning and implementation, and stakeholder engagement efforts.
The effects of goat manure and sugarcane molasses on the growth and yield of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.)
Authors: Nadeeka Priyadarshani , Seran Thayamini
Published: January 2021

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of goat manure and
sugarcane molasses on the growth and yield of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) in
sandy regosol. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design
(CRD) with six treatments. The treatments included inorganic fertilizer
(T1), 10 t/ha of goat manure alone (T2) and also 10 t/ha of goat manure and
50% triple superphosphate (TSP) with 1-4 t/ha of sugarcane molasses (T3-T6).
The results showed that plant growth parameters (leaf length, leaf petiole
length, leaf width, leaf number, fresh weight and dry weight of leaves) were
significantly varied among the treatments. There was a significant
difference in the diameter of beetroot among the treatments. Significant
differences (P<0.05) were observed in fresh weight of beetroot and total
plant among the treatments. Fresh weight of root yield and total yield of
beetroot per plant were increased in 10 t/ha goat manure, 2 t/ha sugarcane
molasses and 50% TSP (T4) and 10 t/ha goat manure, 3 t/ha sugarcane molasses
and 50% TSP (T5) when compared to the control treatment (T1). The total
yield of beetroot per m2 was 1,792.62 g in T4 and 1,402.68 g in T1. The root
yield of beetroot was increased in T4 in comparison to T5. It can be
concluded that 10 t/ha of goat manure with 2 t/ha of sugarcane molasses and
50% TSP could be applied for obtaining a high yield of beetroot in sandy
regosol.
Lump solutions for the dimensionally reduced variable coefficient B-type Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation
Authors: Zhang Yanni , Zhao Xin , Pang Jing
Published: January 2021

Based on Hirota bilinear formulation, the lump solutions to dimensionally reduced generalized variable coefficient B-type Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation are obtained. The solution process is figured out and the solution properties are illustrated graphically. The present method can be extended to other non-linear equations.
Exact solutions of fractional nonlinear equations by generalized bell polynomials and bilinear method
Authors: Liu Mingshuo , Zhang Lijun , Fang Yong , Dong Huanhe
Published: January 2021

For numerous fluids between elastic and viscous materials, the fractional derivative models have an advantage over the integer order models. On the basis of conformable fractional derivative and the respective useful properties, the bilinear form of time fractional Burgers equation and Boussinesq-Burgers equations are obtained using the generalized Bell polynomials and bilinear method. The kink soliton solution, anti-kink soliton solution, and the single-soliton solution for different fractional order are derived, respectively. The time fractional order system possesses property of time memory. Higher oscillation frequency appears as the time fractional order increasing. The fractional derivative increases the possibility of improving the control performance in complex systems with fluids between different elastic and viscous materials.
DISCRIMINACIÓN SALARIAL POR GÉNERO: ANÁLISIS DE LAS EMPRESAS DEL SECTOR PRIVADO EN EL EJE CENTRAL DE BOLIVIA
Authors: Cadena Vaca Mónica Yaneth
Published: January 2021

En el trabajo de investigación se analiza la existencia de discriminación salarial por género en los departamentos del eje central de Bolivia y en las pequeñas, medianas y grandes empresas del área urbana; el estudio se sustenta en la teoría del capital humano de Becker [1], aplicándose la metodología de Oaxaca –Blinder [2], para la descomposición salarial de hombres y mujeres. Se comprueba que en el eje central del país existe discriminación salarial por género, donde la mujer percibe 17 % menos de salario que los hombres pese a contar con las mismas características. En el análisis por departamento, en La Paz se estimó 20.2% menos de salario, seguido de Santa Cruz con 15.3% y Cochabamba 14.7% respectivamente. Se demostró con un 19% que en las pequeñas empresas existe un mayor grado de discriminación salarial ,13% en las medianas empresas y 11% en las grandes empresas, tomando en cuenta la media de los individuos tanto para hombres como para mujeres.
The Development of Interactive Multimedia Learning in Information and Communication Technology Subjects
Authors: Syahputra Frandrio , Maksum Hasan
Published: January 2021

Learning media is an important learning component. Therefore, teachers must able to develop instructional media that can improve student abilities. One of the learning media that supports these goals was interactive multimedia. This study aimed to develop valid, practical, and effective interactive multimedia learning on Information and Communication Technology subjects. This research was research and development. The development model used was a 4-D model, which consists of defining, designing, developing, and disseminating stages. The defined stage was carried out with curriculum analysis, material analysis, and student analysis. The design stage was carried out by designing the learning media. At the development stage, validity tests were carried out through validation sheets of learning media, practicality tests through media application observation sheets, teacher and student response questionnaires, effectiveness tests obtained from the knowledge competency assessment. The disseminated stage was carried out by spreading the device. The analysis results showed that the Interactive learning media in Information and Communication Technology subjects have been tested and got a valid score (89.25%), according to the teacher's response (90.23%) in very practical category, students’ response (90.09%). The response was in the very practical category. With this score, interactive multimedia is categorized as practical and effective learning media.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STUDENT TEAMS ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR TEKNIK DASAR SEPAK SILA DALAM PERMAINAN SEPAK TAKRAW
Authors: Darmiyanti Ketut Ria , Astra I Ketut Budaya , Satyawan I Made
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) terhadap hasil belajar teknik dasar sepak sila dalam permainan sepak takraw. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen sungguhan (true experimental) dengan rancangan the randomized posttest control group the same subject design. Populasi yang digunakan adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas IX SMP Negeri 4 Kubutambahan tahun pelajaran 2019/2020, pengundian kelompok eksperimen (STAD) dan kelompok kontrol dilakukan dengan simple random sampling berdasarkan kelas. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 62 orang yang terdistribusi ke dalam dua kelas yaitu kelas IX A sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan kelas IX D sebagai kelompok kontrol. Data hasil belajar dikumpulkan melalui tes objektif, observasi dan unjuk kerja. Analisis data menggunakan Uji-t dengan angka signifikansi yang diperoleh adalah p= 0.012 < 0,05, yang menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD berpengaruh signifikan terhadap hasil belajar teknik dasar sepak sila dalam permainan sepak takraw. Kata Kunci:   Hasil Belajar, Sepak Takraw, STAD
Financing infrastructure using floating-interest-rate infrastructure bond
Authors: Yoshino Naoyuki , Azhgaliyeva Dina , Mishra Ranjeeta
Published: January 2021

This paper proposes a floating-interest-rate infrastructure bond, where the interest of a government bond is paid to investors during the period of construction and the early period of operation. Unlike the usual government bond, which provides a fixed interest rate, the proposed floating-interest-rate infrastructure bond pays a floating interest, the rate of which depends on spillover tax revenues. Effective infrastructure projects have a positive effect on the economic growth of a region, known as the spillover effect. When user charges and the return from spillover tax revenues are below the fixed rate of the government bond, the interest rate will equal to the fixed rate of the government bond. In this case, investors in the infrastructure will receive interest on the government bond at the minimum rate. As the spillover effect of the infrastructure increases, the rate of return for infrastructure investment will become greater than the fixed rate of the government bond. The success of the floating-interest-rate infrastructure bond depends on the spillover effect and on transparency and accountability. Policy recommendations are provided in this paper on how to increase the spillover effect and improve transparency and accountability.
ЯЗЫК КАК РЕЗЕРВУАР КУЛЬТУРНЫХ КОДОВ В ФИЛОСОФИИ П.М. БИЦИЛЛИ
Authors: Щедрина И.О.
Published: January 2021

Одним из актуальных сегодня терминов при работе с тематикой языка и
культуры становится «культурный код». Понимаемый как некоторый набор
смысловых установок конкретной общности он глубоко укоренен в философии и литературе. Культурными кодами задается творчество, обретающее
смысл только в условиях существования языка. Культурная информация
оказывается в буквальном смысле обусловлена языком и закодирована паттернами. В статье очерчивается потенциал изучения творческого наследия
П.М. Бицилли, философа-эмигранта, обратившегося к тематике языка как
резервуара культурных кодов.
Ключевые слова: язык, культура, философия, культурный код, русское зарубежье, П.М. Бицилли

«Cultural code» is one of the most relevant terms today in the field of language
and cultural studies. Understood as a certain set of semantic attitudes of a
particular community, it is deeply rooted in modern philosophy and literature.
Cultural codes define any creative work, which acquires meaning only in the
framework of the existence of language. Cultural information turns out to be
literally conditioned by language and coded by patterns. The article outlines the
potential of studying the heritage of Pyotr Bitsilli, an emigrant philosopher who
turned to the subject of language as a reservoir of cultural codes.
Keywords: language, culture, philosophy, cultural code, Russian émigrés,
P.M. Bitsilli
Bond strength of orthodontic brackets to polymethylmethacrylate: effect of the surface treatment and adhesive system
Authors:   Department of Orthodontics, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, Cardoso Rita , Godinho Joana ,   Department of Orthodontics, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, Jardim Luís ,   Department of Orthodontics, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
Published: January 2021

Objectives: To evaluate the influence of the surface treatment and adhesive system on the shear bond strength and the failure mode of orthodontic brackets bonded to polymethylmethacrylate surfaces. Methods: Ninety metal brackets (n=15) were bonded to aged discs of polymethylmethacrylate SR Ivocron subjected to three surface conditions (no treatment; sandblasting with 50-μm aluminum oxide; roughening with a tungsten bur), using two combinations of adhesives (methylmethacrylate monomer + Transbond XT Primer; Scotchbond Universal Adhesive) followed by the composite Transbond XT. In the control group, metal brackets were bonded with Transbond XT to 15 human mandibular incisors. The specimens were thermocycled, stored in distilled water (37ºC, 7 days), and tested in shear, using an Instron universal machine. Failure mode was classified according to the adhesive remnant index using a stereomicroscope. The data were analyzed with an analysis of variance and posthoc tests (p<0.05). Results: Significant differences were found between the bracket bond strength to polymethylmethacrylate with different surface treatments (p<0.001). Sandblasting with aluminum oxide was superior to tungsten bur roughening. The adhesive system did not significantly influence the shear bond strength nor the failure mode (p=0.8415). All experimental groups showed lower bond strengths than the control group (p=0.1566). Conclusions: Mechanical surface treatment significantly influenced the bracket’s bond strength to polymethylmethacrylate. Sandblasting with aluminum oxide was the most effective mechanical treatment. The weakest adhesive link was found at the acrylic-adhesive interface. Orthodontic bonding to polymethylmethacrylate was weaker than bonding to enamel, regardless of the surface treatment and the adhesive used.
Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Struktur Aktiva, Ukuran Perusahaan, Likuiditas, dan Pertumbuhan Penjualan terhadap Struktur Modal Perusahaan Sektor Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama Periode 2014-2018
Authors: Hapsari Claudia Gita , Widjaja Indra
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of profitability, asset structure, company size, liquidity, and sales growth on the capital structure of the companies listed in Bursa Efek Indonesia from 2014 to 2018. This research studies 92 samples from 178 manufacturing companies. The data is processed using Eviews 9.0. The result shows that profitability, asset structure, company size, and sales growth have significant effect on the capital structure. This research also finds that profitability, asset structure, company size, liquidity, and sales growth have a simultaneous and significant effect on the capital structure of manufacturing companies in Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh profitabilitas, struktur aktiva, ukuran perusahaan, likuiditas, dan pertumbuhan penjualan terhadap struktur modal perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar sebagai emiten Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode 2014-2018. Penelitian ini meneliti sebanyak 92 sampel perusahaan manufaktur dari total populasi sebanyak 178 perusahaan. Teknik pengolahan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi berganda, diolah menggunakan Eviews 9.0. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa struktur aktiva, ukuran perusahaan, likuiditas, dan pertumbuhan penjualan memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap struktur modal. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa profitabilitas, struktur aktiva, ukuran perusahaan, likuiditas, dan pertumbuhan penjualan memiliki pengaruh simultan dan signifikan terhadap struktur modal perusahaan-perusahaan manufaktur di Indonesia.
Pengaruh Experiential Marketing dan Service Quality terhadap Customer Loyalty: Customer Satisfaction sebagai Variabel Mediasi
Authors: Febrianti Ika Nurul , Keni Keni
Published: January 2021

The aims of this study are four: first, to explore the effects of experiential marketing and service quality toward customer satisfaction. Second, to explore the effects of experiential marketing and service quality toward customer loyalty. Third, to explore the effects of customer satisfaction toward customer loyalty. Fourth, to find out the effects of experiential marketing and service quality toward customer loyalty if mediated by customer satisfaction. The samples that were collected were 154 respondents who are customers from one of food and beverage industry in Jakarta. The method of data collection is conducted by non-probability sampling with the technique of convenience sampling through online questionnaires. The data were analysed by using PLS-SEM. The results of this research are: First, experiential marketing and service service quality have a positive impact toward customer satisfaction. Second, experiential marketing has a positive impact toward customer loyalty, but service quality does not have a positive impact toward customer loyalty. Third, customer satisfaction has a positive impact toward customer loyalty. Fourth, experiential marketing and service quality have a positive impact toward customer loyalty if mediated by customer satisfaction. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ada empat : pertama menguji pengaruh experiential marketing dan service quality terhadap customer satisfaction. Kedua, menguji pengaruh experiential marketing dan service quality terhadap customer loyalty. Ketiga, menguji pengaruh customer satisfaction terhadap customer loyalty. Keempat, menguji pengaruh experiential marketing dan service quality terhadap customer loyalty bila dimediasi oleh customer satisfaction. Sampel yang dikumpulkan adalah 154 responden yang merupakan konsumen dari salah satu industri makanan dan minuman di Jakarta. Metode pengambilan data adalah non-probability sampling dengan teknik convenience sampling melalui kuesioner online. Analisis data menggunakan PLS-SEM. Hasil penelitian adalah: pertama, experiential marketing dan service quality berpengaruh positif terhadap customer satisfaction. Kedua, experiential marketing berpengaruh positif terhadap customer loyalty tetapi service quality tidak memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap customer loyalty. Ketiga, customer satisfaction memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap customer loyalty. Keempat, experiential marketing dan service quality berpengaruh positif terhadap customer loyalty bila dimediasi oleh customer satisfaction.