bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The equidistant dimension of graphs: NP-completeness and the case of lexicographic product graphs
Authors: Gispert-Fernández Adrià , Rodríguez-Velázquez Juan Alberto
Published: April 2024

Let $ V(G) $ be the vertex set of a simple and connected graph $ G $. A subset $ S\subseteq V(G) $ is a distance-equalizer set of $ G $ if, for every pair of vertices $ u, v\in V(G)\setminus S $, there exists a vertex in $ S $ that is equidistant to $ u $ and $ v $. The minimum cardinality among the distance-equalizer sets of $ G $ is the equidistant dimension of $ G $, denoted by $ \xi(G) $. In this paper, we studied the problem of finding $ \xi(G\circ H) $, where $ G\circ H $ denotes the lexicographic product of two graphs $ G $ and $ H $. The aim was to express $ \xi(G\circ H) $ in terms of parameters of $ G $ and $ H $. In particular, we considered the cases in which $ G $ has a domination number equal to one, as well as the cases where $ G $ is a path or a cycle, among others. Furthermore, we showed that $ \xi(G)\le \xi(G\circ H)\le \xi(G)|V(H)| $ for every connected graph $ G $ and every graph $ H $ and we discussed the extreme cases. We also showed that the general problem of finding the equidistant dimension of a graph is NP-hard.
Statistical inference of an $ \mathit{\alpha } $-quantile past lifetime function with applications
Authors: Kayid Mohamed
Published: April 2024

In reliability engineering and survival analysis, quantile functions are fundamental and often the most natural way to represent probability distributions and data samples. In this paper, the $ \alpha $-quantile function of past lifetime was estimated for right-censored data by applying the Kaplan-Meier survival estimator. The weak convergence of the proposed estimator to a Gaussian process was investigated. A confidence interval for the $ \alpha $-quantile of the past life function that does not depend on the density function was proposed. The strong convergence of the estimator to a Gaussian process was also discussed. The properties of the estimator and the confidence interval were investigated in a simulation study. Finally, two real datasets were analyzed.
La vente d’une presse à taille-douce en 1674 : autour de Pierre et René Lochon, Antoine Sanson et Pierre Pocque
Authors: Mathis Rémi
Published: April 2024

Le 30 avril 1674, l’imprimeur Marin (de) Montmiral (ou Mommiral) vend une presse à taille-douce au graveur Antoine Sanson pour la somme de 100 livres. Le graveur René Lochon est garant de la dette. Antoine Sanson et Pierre Lochon, le fils de René, seront en réalité beaux-frères car ils épouseront les deux filles de Pierre Pocque, qui est désigné en 1679 comme imprimeur en taille-douce : les graveurs et leurs proches semblent ainsi faire fonctionner des presses pour gérer le processus de productions d’estampes.
La jeunesse de Jean Frosne (1614 - après 1682)
Authors: Sallard Bertrand
Published: April 2024

Connu pour ses nombreux portraits, mais aussi pour les somptueux décors du « Grand Beaulieu », le graveur Jean Frosne restait mystérieux quant à ses origines et à sa formation, sa naissance ayant été arbitrairement fixée à 1623. Or un contrat d’apprentissage de novembre 1625 nous montre un petit Jean Froonens de onze ans et demi, fils d’un tapissier flamand des Gobelins, entrant chez le graveur Michel Van Lochom. Il y trouvera des modèles et publiera chez lui ses premières estampes signées, sous un nom peu à peu francisé. Par la suite, trois rencontres marqueront sa vie : celle de l’éditeur Balthazar Moncornet, inventeur du portrait gravé à grande diffusion, celle du graveur Nicolas Cochin pour une longue amitié et collaboration, et celle de l’ingénieur militaire Pontaut de Beaulieu, déterminé à célébrer en estampes les victoires de Louis XIV.
Industry 5.0
Authors: Shukla Shubhendu Shekher , Jain Manish , Jain Alka , Bajpai Saurabh , Mishra Ashutosh Kumar , Gupta Ankur , Pramanik Sabyasachi
Published: April 2024

Blue wind energy combines offshore wind energy with cutting-edge technology, addressing sustainability in urbanization. This chapter investigates its application, focusing on integrating blue wind energy, AI, and IoT for smart energy management. Urgently needed due to urban energy demand and environmental concerns, conventional methods fall short. Blue wind energy, with AI and IoT, offers a sustainable alternative, but integration challenges exist. The amalgamation of blue wind energy, AI, and IoT presents a groundbreaking solution to urban energy needs. Urbanization necessitates sustainable energy solutions, with blue wind energy utilizing offshore wind resources effectively. Offshore wind farms near cities offer better energy production but require complex energy management systems for full potential realization.
Moderation Effect of Training on Employee Job Performance in Retail Stores
Authors: Kaur Amandeep , Gangwar Veer P. , Kaur Prabhjeet , Jasrai Lokesh
Published: April 2024

The current study tries to explore the relationship between training of employees and job performance in retail stores in Industry 5.0. It introduces a conceptual framework designed to interplay between training initiatives and employee job performance. On the other hand, chapters provide insights for practitioners and researchers in people analytics. Data analysis highlights the importance of employee performance in Punjab's diverse retail landscape and also emphasizes the need for effective training to meet customer demand and seasonal market changes, ensuring consistent customer satisfaction. The literature review provides insights into employee training's impact on job performance while focusing on the retail sector. Moderation analysis shows how training initiatives influence performance outcomes. In this chapter, the authors introduce a comprehensive conceptual framework that synthesizes literature and real-world illustrations and interplays between training and performance variables within the retail sector of Punjab. The analytical approach is used to establish a basis for future analysis and investigations, including of the approaches used for data collection. The data has been analyzed using 138 responses. The smart pls has been used to generate model analysis. The chapter provides practical implications for a conceptual framework for retail organizations and offers recommendations for optimizing employee performance through training programs and strategic decision-making in people analytics. In this chapter, the authors explain the role of attrition and attraction and analyze the moderating effects of training initiatives on the ‘job performance' of employees in Punjab's retail stores, providing actionable strategies for organizations to optimize their workforce capabilities.
Navigating HR Industry 5.0
Authors: Shukla Rishi , Saluja Shefali , Taneja Sanjay , Jain Ravi Kumar
Published: April 2024

In HR Industry 5.0, the strategic HR value chain model aligns HR practices with organizational goals, emphasizing measurable outcomes, continuous improvement, and a people-centric approach. Leveraging strategic alignment and technological integration, organizations optimize talent acquisition, learning and development, performance management, and total rewards to drive sustainable growth. By prioritizing employee well-being, engagement, and development, organizations foster a positive workplace culture conducive to innovation and success in the digital age. The model offers a roadmap for navigating HR Industry 5.0, enabling organizations to seize opportunities and confront challenges in the dynamic landscape of modern business.
Role of Industry 5.0 in Bancassurance
Authors: Verma Diksha , Kansra Pooja , Kumar Pawan
Published: April 2024

The insurance companies cannot target every customer for selling insurance products as it is not possible for them to target customers at grand level, but banks can reach every customer even in rural or remote areas as well. Therefore, bancassurance as a mode of distribution is an approved and accepted method by all institutions nowadays along with Industry 5.0 concept which has relatively become new trend. Although various studies are available related to bancassurance, there is less discussion on bancassurance along with Industry 5.0. Because digital banking is quite a new concept and especially Industry 5.0 adopted by banks nowadays is an emerging concept therefore association of Industry 5.0 with bancassurance and their implications have been addressed in the present study. The present study will help to provide a comprehensive view of the role of Industry 5.0 in bancassurance and will be helpful to the bankers, government, policymakers, and researchers.
The Role of the Nakchivan (Zangezur) Corridor in Transportation and Regional Development and Its International Economic Significance
Authors: Kocalar Aziz Cumhur , Dilaver Hatice
Published: April 2024

This work was written to investigate how the Zangezur Corridor is an important project that supports regional development and cooperation by creating a strategic connection point between Turkey and Azerbaijan. The research method in the study is situational, and with the implementation of this project, Turkey and Azerbaijan will have the opportunity to deepen their relations both among themselves and at the regional level. The study is a mixed research method (based on quantitative and qualitative data), and if the land and/or railway line known as the Zangezur Corridor or Nakhichevan Corridor is opened to transportation, direct transportation will be provided between Azerbaijan and the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic.
The Belgrade School Shooting in 2023 and the Serbian Government's Response Within the Framework of Legal and Education Systems
Authors: Grmuša Adrijana , Hong Jun Sung
Published: April 2024

On May 3, 2023, Serbia, a country with strict gun regulations, was confronted for the first time with a mass shooting, which took place at an elite school in the capital Belgrade. After the shooting, the Serbian Government introduced measures to prevent such incidents from happening again. This chapter analyzes the measures, focusing on two questions: 1) What did the country, which already has strict gun regulations, established MACR at the level of most European countries, and police presence in schools, do when it was confronted with a school shooting for the first time; and 2) Have the measures of the same content proven effective in current practice in the countries where they were implemented? In this context, the measures introducing innovations in the Serbian legal and education systems are analyzed and the results of previous studies, especially the experiences in European countries and the United States, are discussed in this chapter.
The Trauma of Gun Violence
Authors: Singha Ranjit , Singha Surjit , Haokip Alphonsa Diana , Jose Shruti , Ruben V. Muthu
Published: April 2024

This chapter provides an in-depth analysis of the diverse consequences of gun violence within educational institutions, with a particular emphasis on the psychological distress endured by both students and communities. This study examines the emotional, psychological, and social ramifications, emphasizing coping mechanisms, strategies for developing resilience, and community healing initiatives. The critical nature of gun violence as a public health crisis is highlighted by the imperative for policymakers, educators, and community leaders to prioritize trauma-informed approaches. Through the promotion of policy reforms and the adoption of trauma-sensitive methodologies, it is possible to foster the development of secure and resilient communities that promote the recovery and flourishing of individuals.
The Imprint
Authors: Lawrence Elisha
Published: April 2024

It was the end of seventh grade. The students anxiously awaited opportunities to celebrate another school year's close. Then, a shot rang out in the house of their peer, halting their community to its knees. Tears were shed, accusations were made, the empty desk, the empty lunchroom chair, the image within the memorial on the wall, all whispers and reminders of his missing presence. The loss of his smile, the silence of his songs, his stilled laughter, on all those of which he had walked the same halls, were forever left with his “imprint.”
Blazing Trails in the Community College Sector
Authors: Proctor Avis
Published: April 2024

A progression of forward-looking leaders has guided William Rainey Harper College to become one of the nation's premier community colleges. During the course of 55-plus years, each of Harper's presidents has played a role in moving the suburban Chicago institution to the forefront of higher learning, overseeing groundbreaking initiatives in student support, academic success, community partnerships, technology, and more. Dr. Avis Proctor, Harper's sixth and current president, traces how the college's drive for innovation began with its namesake, the founder of the junior college movement, and continues to enhance the institution's deep connections to its community. She explains how Harper's equity-focused, holistic approach to education represents the most recent era within a legacy of trailblazing endeavors.
Machine Learning Mastery
Authors: Palakurti Naga Ramesh , Kanchepu Nageswararao
Published: April 2024

This chapter delves into the core principles of machine learning, offering practical insights for effective data processing. From foundational concepts to advanced techniques, the narrative unfolds as a comprehensive guide for harnessing the power of machine learning in real-world scenarios. The chapter explores data preprocessing methods, addressing the importance of cleaning and quality assurance, outlier detection, handling missing data, and employing noise reduction techniques. Through illustrative examples and case studies, readers gain actionable knowledge on building a robust foundation for machine learning applications. Emphasizing the significance of data quality in model performance, the chapter serves as a valuable resource for both beginners and experienced practitioners seeking mastery in the art of data processing for machine learning success.
Agricultural Insights
Authors: Whig Pawan , Gera Rashim
Published: April 2024

This chapter focuses on the practical applications of data processing, algorithms, and modeling within the realm of agriculture. It explores how these technologies and methodologies are harnessed to revolutionize farming practices, optimize crop management, and enhance agricultural productivity. By delving into real-world applications and case studies, the chapter demonstrates how data processing techniques are utilized to collect, clean, and interpret agricultural data. It showcases the deployment of advanced algorithms and modeling methodologies to derive actionable insights, ranging from precision agriculture for optimized resource allocation to predictive modeling for crop yield forecasting.
A Novel Online Job Scam Detection of Imbalanced Data Using ML and NLP Models
Authors: Agarwal Arunima , Anand Arushi , Saini Yuvansh , Sajidha S. A. , Sheik Abdullah A.
Published: April 2024

This research initiative addresses the pervasive threat of online job recruitment scams by leveraging a potent machine learning model fortified with natural language processing (NLP). While the internet expands job search horizons, it concurrently exposes job seekers to fraudulent practices, enticing them with false opportunities and extracting sensitive information or money. This work will adhere to the CRISP-DM methodology. Through the implementation of varied machine learning algorithms such as random forest, support vector classifier, Gaussian Naive Bayes, LightGBM, and XGBoost in conjunction with natural language processing models like Uni-Gram, Bi-Gram, Tri-Gram, and TF-IDF using the balanced data set, it was discovered that the Gaussian Naïve Bayes model performed the best for both trigram and TF-IDF using random under sampling and oversampling.
Data Privacy, Compliance, and Security in Cloud Computing for Finance
Authors: Yalamati Sreedhar
Published: April 2024

In the rapidly evolving landscape of finance, where data integrity and security are paramount, the adoption of cloud computing presents both opportunities and challenges. This chapter explores the intricate intersection of data privacy, compliance, and security within the context of cloud computing for the finance sector. It delves into the unique requirements and regulatory frameworks governing financial data, highlighting the critical importance of safeguarding sensitive information while leveraging the benefits of cloud technology. The chapter begins by examining the evolving landscape of cloud computing in the financial industry, discussing the drivers behind its adoption and the transformative potential it offers for enhancing operational efficiency and scalability. However, it also addresses the inherent risks associated with cloud-based solutions, particularly concerning data privacy and security breaches.
Unleashing the Power of Cloud Computing for Data Science
Authors: Kanchepu Nageswararao
Published: April 2024

In this chapter, the authors delve into the fundamental concepts, methodologies, and best practices for harnessing the power of cloud platforms in data science workflows. They begin by providing an overview of cloud computing paradigms and their relevance to data science, highlighting the benefits of scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness offered by cloud-based solutions. Next, they delve into the key components of cloud-based data science environments, including data storage, processing, analytics, and machine learning tools available on popular cloud platforms such as AWS, Google Cloud, and Microsoft Azure. Through practical examples and case studies, they illustrate how organizations can leverage cloud-based services and technologies to accelerate data-driven decision-making, enhance predictive analytics capabilities, and drive innovation in diverse domains.
Using Complex Network Analysis Techniques to Uncover Fraudulent Activity in Connected Healthcare Systems
Authors: Rajamani Santhosh Kumar , Iyer Radha Srinivasan
Published: April 2024

Complex network analysis is a powerful approach for finding fraud in a network. This is an application of graph theory that enables the depiction of relationships between entities as nodes and edges, which is one of the important elements of complex network analysis. Additionally, key players within the network who might be engaged in fraud might be found using advanced network analysis. Complex network analysis is an effective method for spotting fraud on a network because it provides comprehensive and systematic understanding of the links and interactions inside a network. This study describes Python NetworkX to analyze connected healthcare systems, focusing on fraud detection. Leveraging community detection algorithms, the research identifies cohesive groups within the network, revealing potential fraud clusters. Centrality measures assist in pinpointing influential nodes and detecting anomalous behavior. By integrating these techniques, the study aims to enhance fraud detection capabilities in healthcare networks, contributing to improved security and integrity within the system.
Challenges and Future Directions in Anomaly Detection
Authors: Palakurti Naga Ramesh
Published: April 2024

Anomaly detection plays a critical role in various domains, including cybersecurity, finance, healthcare, and industrial monitoring by identifying unusual patterns or events that deviate from normal behavior. This chapter examines the challenges and future directions in anomaly detection, focusing on innovative techniques, emerging trends, and practical applications. Key challenges include the detection of subtle and evolving anomalies in large-scale, high-dimensional data streams, the integration of contextual information and domain knowledge for improved detection accuracy, and the mitigation of false positives and false negatives. Future directions encompass advancements in machine learning algorithms, such as deep learning and reinforcement learning, for enhanced anomaly detection performance, the integration of heterogeneous data sources and multi-modal information for comprehensive anomaly assessment, and the development of adaptive and self-learning anomaly detection systems capable of adapting to dynamic environments and evolving threats.
Hospital 6.0 Components and Dimensions
Authors: Aliahmadi Mohammad Hadi , Movahed Aminmasoud Bakhshi , Movahed Ali Bakhshi , Nozari Hamed , Bayanati Mahmonir
Published: April 2024

The processes and dimensions of the development of the health system are some of the most important parts of a healthy society. The positive vision formation for people toward a society's health system requires trust, honesty, specialization, and two-way interactions between people and the healthcare system. Hospitals as a physical environment symbolize society's health system. As much as this physical environment reflects a more efficient and developing image of society in appearance, process, logistics, and infrastructure, the physical and mental peace of people will be improved. For this purpose, health systems and hospitals must adapt to current industrial and technological conditions. The smart hospital is one of the concepts that is developed in this field. In this chapter, due to the importance of hospital smartization, Industry 6.0 has been integrated with the smart hospital, and Hospital 6.0 has been propounded.
Assessing Digital Marketing Strategies in the Retail Sector Using Bayesian BWM and Fuzzy Topsis
Authors: Arman Kevser
Published: April 2024

Digital marketing strategies play a crucial role in today's business world and have become an indispensable component of many sectors. The main objective of this study is to assess digital marketing strategies in the retail sector with multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) methods. Bayesian BWM (B-BWM) is utilized in the study to identify the weights of the criteria and fuzzy TOPSIS method is utilized to assess digital marketing strategies implemented in the retail sector. Based on the methodology used, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and competitive position in the market are the most important criteria that are taken into account in the selection of digital marketing strategies. Moreover, search engine optimisation and influencer marketing are the most suitable digital marketing strategies in the retail sector. The findings from this study could serve as a guide for evaluating digital marketing strategies in the retail sector.
Navigating the Future
Authors: Renuka Devi D. , Swetha Margaret T. A. , Avanthika K.
Published: April 2024

AI and robotics are tremendously growing in the industry. It is going to affect the human labor in the coming decades. Artificial intelligence and robotics are rapidly being adapted by the industry. So, there is a need for humans to be competitive to survive in the growing industry. Due to the enormous demand for intelligent robots across all industries globally, employment in the field of artificial intelligence is growing along with this technology. The ample opportunity to understand the impact of these technology and preempt their negative effect is closing rapidly. In order to cope with these technological changes, humans are expected to be proactive rather than being reactive. So, this chapter discusses the technological aspects as well as the societal norms it's affecting. The aim is to increase awareness in understanding and rapidly adapting the significance of these technologies to help in formation of policies and regulation that maximize the uses and benefits of this technological evolution and minimize the possible danger it could do to the society.
Customer-Centric Excellence in the Marketing 6.0 Era
Authors: Vetrivel S. C. , Gomathi T. , Sowmiya K. C. , Sabareeshwari V.
Published: April 2024

This chapter examines the evolving landscape of marketing in the contemporary business environment, with a particular focus on the sixth wave of marketing (Marketing 6.0). This wave represents a paradigm shift towards unprecedented customer-centricity, where businesses are compelled to align their strategies with the ever-changing expectations and preferences of the modern consumer. The chapter begins by providing a comprehensive overview of the historical progression of marketing, from its inception to the current era, highlighting the pivotal shifts that have shaped each phase. It then meticulously explores the core principles and characteristics that define the Marketing 6.0 era, emphasizing the pivotal role of technology, data analytics, and artificial intelligence in reshaping the marketing landscape. Furthermore, the chapter addresses the key challenges and opportunities faced by businesses as they strive to adopt customer-centric excellence in Marketing 6.0.
Machine Learning Algorithms for Natural Disaster Prediction and Management
Authors: J. Shanthalakshmi Revathy , J. Mangaiyarkkarasi
Published: April 2024

Natural disasters, such as floods, earthquakes, tsunamis, and landslides, pose significant threats to communities and ecosystems. This investigation explores the application of machine learning (ML) techniques in addressing the challenge. ML, a subset of artificial intelligence, involves creating models and algorithms that enable computers to learn from data, offering accurate disaster predictions without explicit programming. Various ML algorithms, including random forest for flood and wildfire prediction, support vector machine for earthquake forecasting, and decision tree for landslide risk assessment, are employed due to their ability to process complex datasets. Beyond prediction, ML plays a vital role in disaster management, optimizing resource allocation, refining emergency response plans, and enhancing evacuation strategies. Real-world case studies illustrate how ML contributes to mitigating disaster damage, emphasizing its role in proactive measures for disaster prevention and management.
Python for Geospatial Data Analysis
Authors: Sunitha Gurram , Suma K. G. , Galety Mohammad Gouse , Davanam Ganesh , Varna Chinthapatla Pranay
Published: April 2024

This chapter serves as a valuable resource for computer science enthusiasts, researchers, and practitioners seeking an understanding of geospatial analysis with Python. The chapter begins with an introduction to geospatial analysis, highlighting the significance of geospatial data across various domains. It establishes Python's stand in this field, positioning it as a powerful tool for geospatial analyses. The subsequent sections explore fundamental concepts, such as vector versus raster data, coordinate reference systems and projections, geometric objects, topological relationships, and spatial operations. Further, prominent Python libraries for geospatial analysis are explored. GeoPandas is introduced, detailing its capabilities in working with geospatial data, handling geometric data structures, and leveraging spatial operations. Shapely is examined for its role in geometric manipulations. Fiona is explored as a library for handling geospatial data. Discussion on Folium showcases its utility in creating interactive and customized maps.
Big Data Analytics for Geospatial Application Using Python
Authors: Senbato Genale Assefa
Published: April 2024

Numerous organizations regularly produce enormous volumes of geospatial data due to the widespread use of sensors and location-based services. However, traditionally collecting, storing, managing, exploring, analyzing, and visualization of geospatial data has been a complex and time-consuming task. This study proposed a big data analytics approach to collect, store, manage, explore, process, and analyze massive amounts of geospatial data. A comprehensive literature review, various Python libraries for geospatial big data, challenges in geospatial big data analytics, and big data analytics techniques such as spatial clustering, spatial regression analysis, and spatial-temporal analysis, were presented. In addition, geospatial big data analytics algorithms like K-means clustering, ordinary least squares (OLS), geographically weighted regression (GWR), Spatio-temporal clustering algorithms, Spatio-temporal regression models, and others were discussed. Finally, case studies on performing geospatial big data analytics using Pyspark were addressed.
SLJID reviewers and Proofreaders 2023
Authors: Co Editors
Published: April 2024

NA
A Significant Contribution of the Classical Pathway of Complement in SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization of Convalescent and Vaccinee Sera
Authors: Budylowski Patrick , Chau Serena L L , Banerjee Arinjay , Guvenc Furkan , Samson Reuben , Hu Queenie , Fiddes Lindsey , Seifried Laurie , Chao Gary , Buchholz Megan , Estacio Antonio , Cheatley Patti Lou , Pavenski Katerina , Patriquin Christopher J , Liu Yanling , Sheikh-Mohamed Salma , Crasta Kimberly , Yue FengYun , Pasic Maria D , Mossman Karen , Gingras Anne-Claude , Gommerman Jennifer L , Ehrhardt Götz R A , Mubareka Samira , Ostrowski Mario
Published: April 2024

Although high titers of neutralizing Abs in human serum are associated with protection from reinfection by SARS-CoV-2, there is considerable heterogeneity in human serum-neutralizing Abs against SARS-CoV-2 during convalescence between individuals. Standard human serum live virus neutralization assays require inactivation of serum/plasma prior to testing. In this study, we report that the SARS-CoV-2 neutralization titers of human convalescent sera were relatively consistent across all disease states except for severe COVID-19, which yielded significantly higher neutralization titers. Furthermore, we show that heat inactivation of human serum significantly lowered neutralization activity in a live virus SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assay. Heat inactivation of human convalescent serum was shown to inactivate complement proteins, and the contribution of complement in SARS-CoV-2 neutralization was often >50% of the neutralizing activity of human sera without heat inactivation and could account for neutralizing activity when standard titers were zero after heat inactivation. This effect was also observed in COVID-19 vaccinees and could be abolished in individuals who were undergoing treatment with therapeutic anti-complement Abs. Complement activity was mainly dependent on the classical pathway with little contributions from mannose-binding lectin and alternative pathways. Our study demonstrates the importance of the complement pathway in significantly increasing viral neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 in spike seropositive individuals.
Being Afrikaans in the new (multilingual) South Africa
Authors: Giliomee Hermann
Published: April 2024

No abstract available.
Review of Verne Harris, Exploring archives: An introduction to archival ideas and practice in South Africa
Authors: Theron Bridget
Published: April 2024

No abstract available.
"Forgetting the past" for "citizenship": Barter and resentment in Martinique (1848-1946)
Authors: Cottias Myriam
Published: April 2024

No abstract available.
The Smythe administration and the Zulu rebellion of 1906
Authors: King Robert J.H.
Published: April 2024

No abstract available.
Health-care professionals’ barriers to anemia prevention among pregnant women in Oman
Authors: Al-Marzouqi Zalikha , Al-Za’abi Ruqiya , Al-Dhoani Aida
Published: April 2024

Background:

The incidence of gestational anemia is increasing in pregnant women. The factors affecting health-care professionals’ ability to prevent anemia among pregnant women in Oman remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the barriers faced by health-care professionals in preventing anemia among pregnant women.

Methods:

This study used a qualitative design directed by the constructivist grounded theory. The researchers communicated with health-care professionals about the barriers faced within health-care institutions for anemia prevention among pregnant women. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 health-care professionals. The researchers selected five primary health-care institutions, intending to reach health-care professionals who provide antenatal care to pregnant women. Purposive sampling was used at the beginning of the data collection. Subsequently, theoretical sampling was performed to achieve data saturation.

Results:

Data analysis identified two themes: “Internal and external challenges.” The data analysis revealed that health-care professionals faced many barriers that impacted the prevention of anemia among pregnant women, both within and outside health-care institutions.

Conclusion:

Understanding the barriers faced by health-care professionals could help the Ministry of Health formulate the best approach to providing health education and services for pregnant women with gestational anemia in Oman, thereby solving deficits regarding antenatal services within health-care institutions.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of COVID-19 in Adolescents Attending Covid Vaccination Center in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kolkata, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Roy Atanu , Mondal Soumitra , Bhattacharyya Saikat , Ganguly Mekhala
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among adolescents in India, recognizing the vital role this demographic plays in pandemic control.

Materials and Methods:

Conducted at the Medical College, Kolkata COVID-19 vaccination center from June to August 2022, this web-based prospective cross-sectional study included individuals aged 13–19 years. Data collection involved a structured questionnaire in multiple languages, ensuring broad accessibility. Ethical standards were upheld with online informed consent and rigorous data confidentiality measures.

Results:

The study revealed balanced gender representation among participants, with most enrolled in the 10th or 12th standard. Parents’ educational backgrounds varied, but a significant proportion had family members employed in the health-care sector (66.7%). Knowledge about COVID-19 in India was surprisingly limited: only 3.7% knew about oxygen saturation and its utility. 18.75% considered depression as a comorbidity of COVID-19. 73.8% of the participants relied on social media for information about COVID-19. A majority (66.25%) of the participants believed 2 doses of the vaccine would protect them from the disease. Twice as many women believed in the protection offered by vaccines.

Conclusion:

This research, distinct from conventional scoring-based studies, emphasized uncovering misconceptions and knowledge gaps. Importantly, many adolescents lacked awareness of the true COVID-19 situation in India, potentially undermining the pandemic gravity perception and preventive measures. Although participants showed awareness of common COVID-19 symptoms and preventive measures, knowledge about comorbidities’ influence on mortality rates was limited.
Effectiveness of Lipid-lowering Therapy for the Secondary Prevention and Achievement of Therapeutic Goals in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases in Accordance with the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association 2018 Guidelines on the Management of Blood Cholesterol
Authors: Sojan Christy , Joshy Lakshmiha , Philip Merlin Susan , Joseph Merrin
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

According to the India Report 2020, Kerala had the highest prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs). Dyslipidemia is a modifiable risk factor that can prevent secondary events. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association 2018 Guidelines for the management of blood cholesterol for secondary prevention of clinical ASCVD recommend high-intensity statins and moderate-intensity statin combination therapy for achieving target low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). We conducted a study to evaluate the achievement of therapeutic goals in accordance with the guidelines in a tertiary care hospital in Kerala.

Materials and Methods:

Three hundred and twenty adult patients prescribed with high-intensity statin monotherapy (atorvastatin 40 mg, rosuvastatin 20 mg, and rosuvastatin 40 mg) or moderate-intensity statin combination therapy (atorvastatin 10 mg and fenofibrate 145 mg) for the secondary prevention of ASCVD event were included. Data were collected from the medical records and patient interviews. Achievement of the therapeutic goal of LDL-C ≤70 mg/dL in accordance with guidelines was evaluated and compared; the mean percentage change in LDL-C was at the baseline and after 3 months. Patients were counselled on lifestyle modifications and educated about hypolipidemic agents. Since we are aiming for secondary prevention, the patients were given appropriate counselling concerning their disease and medications they are on. Dietary lifestyle modifications were also taught.

Results:

One hundred and thirty-eight patients achieved the therapeutic goal, with atorvastatin 40 mg (89.37%) being the most prescribed drug, followed by rosuvastatin 20 mg (5.62%) while rosuvastatin 40 mg had a higher efficacy with mean LDL reduction 65.71 ± 15.93 at 3 months follow-up. Comparing the adherence scores before and after patient counseling, thePvalue was found to be < 0.001, indicating it is significant.

Conclusion:

Lifestyle modifications and lipid-lowering therapy are crucial to tackle dyslipidemia. Poor achievement of therapeutic goals implies the need for adopting measures to improve adherence and health-related outcomes for patients with ASCVD.
A Systematic Review on Cybersecurity Threats and Challenges in Hospitals
Authors: Sunil Vishnu , Mathew Sherry P.
Published: April 2024

The inception of cybercrime can be traced back to the late 1970s, a period that coincided with the early development of the computer information technology (IT) sector. Due to its system vulnerabilities, healthcare has become particularly vulnerable to digital assaults. Hardware, software, networks, operating systems, medical devices, processes, and users make this sector vulnerable. This report identifies healthcare cybersecurity issues and solutions and opportunities for improvement in response to rising threats. This review’s methodology was organised so that it complies to PRISMA criteria. A thorough search was undertaken in Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Saudi Digital Library, ACM Digital Library, PMC, and NCBI/PubMed. The search strategy included threats, ransomware, cybercrime, healthcare, and hospitals. The above overview of “cybersecurity” includes technological and organisational measures. Healthcare organisations cybersecurity defence concerns were the focus of the research questions. The search technique targeted relevant literature from bibliographic databases to answer these research concerns. A total of 352 potential entries were obtained from the search in the chosen databases. Of these, 13 were manually picked following preliminary assessment. The study examined these studies, which fit its focus on “cybersecurity, dangers, and challenges,” in detail. Data confidentiality, integrity, and availability are the foundation of information security. The study examined cyberthreats and their cascade effects. The growing usage of varied technologies for sensitive patient data transfer makes it difficult for healthcare organisations to stay up with the newest cybersecurity breaches and threats. A cohesive and integrated strategy involving training programmes, awareness campaigns, and cyberattack information sharing is advocated to protect healthcare organisations from cyberattacks. To protect our infrastructure and provide excellent patient care, all healthcare workers must recognise and accept their role in cybersecurity risk management.
A Study on Variations in Size and Shape of Left Atrial Appendage from Formalin-fixed Cadavers
Authors: Sapna C. S. , Vellani Haridasan
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Atrial appendages were once considered vestigial structures with no significant role in atrial function. However, they are now recognized as significantly impacting various pathophysiological conditions, including cardiac thromboembolism and arrhythmias. The left atrial appendage (LAA), in particular, has been found to have significant variations in shape and size, and its relationship with nearby structures, such as the pulmonary veins (PVs), is crucial in planning interventional and surgical procedures in and around the LAA. Although most studies examining variations in the LAA are image-based, few have focused on anatomical studies.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, we examined heart specimens from 54 cadavers for anatomical dissection at a tertiary care teaching hospital. After removing the heart from the pericardial cavity, we opened the left atrium and examined its interior. Observations were made regarding the LAA orifice and PV orifices, and measurements were taken. Subsequently, we removed the LAA along with a portion of the left atrial wall, observed its shape and number of lobes, and took measurements. To classify the shape, we used a system proposed by Wang et
al. based on resemblance to familiar objects. Categorical variables were expressed as percentages and continuous as mean and standard deviation. The institutional research committee and the institutional ethics committee approved the study.

Results:

The most common shape variant observed was the Chicken Wing type, followed closely by the Windsock type. Specimens with Cauliflower or Cactus morphology were rare, with the Cactus variant being the least common. The LAA orifice was round or oval shaped in most cases. In most cases, the LAA orifice was at the same or lower level as the left superior PV orifice, with a prominent ridge between the two orifices in most patients. We observed most of the appendages to be trilobed, with considerable variations in length and diameter. We found two specimens with unusual morphologies but no specimens with accessory appendages.

Conclusions:

Based on our study, there are significant differences in findings compared to some of the previous studies reporting the shape variations of LAA. However, our findings are matching with those of some other earlier studies. The variations in the shape and size of LAA orifices and their relationship to PV orifices are similar to those reported in earlier studies. The distribution of variations in the size of LAA was also similar to those reported in earlier studies. Conducting larger studies to explore these variations could aid in designing and developing therapeutic interventions in the LAA.
Recent advances on vaccines against malaria: A review
Authors: Malik Shiza , Waheed Yasir
Published: April 2024

This review aims to summarize the currently viable vaccine strategies including the approved vaccines and the those in trials for next-generation malaria vaccines. Data on malaria vaccine development was collected through a comprehensive review. The literature search was performed using databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, NIH, and Web of Science. Various novel approaches of vaccination are being developed, including those based on radiation-attenuated strategies, monoclonal antibodies, targeted immunogenic peptides, RNA and DNA vaccines, nanoparticle-based vaccines, protein-based vaccination protocols, and whole organism-based vaccination strategies. Trials on RTS, S have entered phase III testing, and those based on blood-stage vaccines and vaccines to interrupt malarial transmission have advanced to higher stages of trials. Mathematical modeling, combined drug and vaccine strategies, mass drug administration, polyvalent vaccine formulations, and targeted vaccination campaigns is playing an important role in malarial prevention. Furthermore, assessing coverage, accessibility, acceptability, deployment, compilation, and adherence to specific vaccination strategies in endemic regions is essential for vaccination drives against malaria.
Expression and clinical significance of pattern recognition receptor-associated genes in hand, foot and mouth disease
Authors: Wang Muqi , Deng Huiling , Chen Yuan , Wang Yikai , Zhang Yufeng , Liu Chenrui , Zhang Meng , Li Ting , Dang Shuangsuo , Li Yaping
Published: April 2024

Objective:

To explore which pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play a key role in the development of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) by analyzing PRR-associated genes.

Methods:

We conducted a comparative analysis of PRR-associated gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) infected with enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) which were derived from patients with HFMD of different severities and at different stages. A total of 30 PRR-associated genes were identified as significantly upregulated both over time and across different EV-A71 isolates. Subsequently, ELISA was employed to quantify the expression of the six most prominent genes among these 30 identified genes, specifically, BST2, IRF7, 1FI16, TRIM21, MX1, and DDX58.

Results:

Compared with those at the recovery stage, the expression levels of BST2 (P=0.027), IFI16 (P=0.016), MX1 (P=0.046) and DDX58 (P=0.008) in the acute stage of infection were significantly upregulated, while no significant difference in the expression levels of IRF7 (P=0.495) and TRIM21 (P=0.071) was found between different stages of the disease. The expression levels of BST2, IRF7, IFI16 and MX1 were significantly higher in children infected with single pathogen than those infected with mixed pathogens, and BST2, IRF7, IFI16 and MX1 expression levels were significantly lower in coxsackie B virus (COXB) positive patients than the negative patients. Expression levels of one or more of BST2, IRF7, IFI16, TRIM21, MX1 and DDX58 genes were correlated with PCT levels, various white blood cell counts, and serum antibody levels that reflect disease course of HFMD. Aspartate aminotransferase was correlated with BST2, MX1 and DDX58 expression levels.

Conclusions:

PRR-associated genes likely initiate the immune response in patients at the acute stage of HFMD.
A comparative study between magnesium sulfate and dexmedetomidine as adjuvants to bupivacaine using ultrasound-guided lumbar-plexus block in lower abdominal surgeries
Authors: AbdAlsalam Mahmoud A. , Mohamed Nayera A.
Published: April 2024

Background and aim

Pain international association of described pain as an unpleasant sensory and emotional practice accompanied with actual or potential tissue injuries. Opioid administrations remain the cornerstone of postoperative pain relief, but it may cause significant side effects, including sedations, nausea, vomiting, and urinary retention. We aimed to compare the efficacy of ultrasound-guided lumbar-plexus block through adding magnesium sulfate and dexmedetomidine (DEX) to bupivacaine on postoperative analgesia and thereafter surgical operation.

Patients and methods

This prospective, randomized, double-blinded, controlled research was performed on Al-Azhar University Hospitals. A total of 75 cases of both sexes, age between 21 and 65 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists class I– II, were listed for elective lower-abdomen surgical operation underneath general anesthesia.

Results

Pain scores were decreased significantly in the study groups for 12 and 18 h in BM and BD, respectively, also, there was a significant decrease at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 h in the BD group lesser than the BM group postoperatively. The time to the initial analgesic appeal was significantly extended in the BD group (11.9±1 h) than the BM group (10.6±0.7 h).

Conclusion

Posterior lumbar-plexus block utilizing 22 ml of bupivacaine 0.5% with DEX 1 μg/kg decreases pain score, opioid consumption, prolongs duration of analgesia, better hemodynamics stability, and perfect outcome of cases’ satisfaction postoperatively compared with posterior lumbar-plexus block using 22 ml of bupivacaine 0.5% with magnesium sulfate 150 mg. DEX provides faster onset time and longer periods of MB and extended period of analgesia with smaller consumptions of postoperative rescue analgesia.