bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Magistrate and the Doctor
Authors: Connolly Judge Paul K.
Published: July 2010

Judge Connolly presently is in Italy attending the International Congress of Youth Magistrates as Chairman of the International Conference Committee.
Healing Families: An Outcome Evaluation of a Community Family Court
Authors: Rivera Marny
Published: July 2010

In this paper, a model community family court program that seeks to break the intergenerational cycle of crime and substance abuse by treating families holistically will be presented. This model court seeks to reduce crime and provide safe and permanent homes for children of substance‐abusing parents. In this community family court, the prototypical problem‐solving court has been both focused and expanded. The community family court provides a focused response designed to address the unique combination of problems facing families on a family‐by‐family basis. At the same time, supervision and treatment services have been expanded to include every family member and all open court cases including criminal charges, juvenile delinquency, dependency, and civil cases. An overview of the court's evolution and discussion of integrated services designed to provide a wraparound style intervention will be highlighted as key contributors to the largely positive results of this community family court's evaluation.
A Population Genetics-Based and Phylogenetic Approach to Understanding the Evolution of Virulence in the Genus
Listeria
Authors: den Bakker Henk C. , Bundrant Brittany N. , Fortes Esther D. , Orsi Renato H. , Wiedmann Martin
Published: July 2010

The genus
Listeria
includes (i) the opportunistic pathogens
L. monocytogenes
and
L. ivanovii
, (ii) the saprotrophs
L. innocua
,
L. marthii
, and
L. welshimeri
, and (iii)
L. seeligeri
, an apparent saprotroph that nevertheless typically contains the
prfA
virulence gene cluster. A novel 10-loci multilocus sequence typing scheme was developed and used to characterize 67 isolates representing six
Listeria
spp. (excluding
L. grayi
) in order to (i) provide an improved understanding of the phylogeny and evolution of the genus
Listeria
and (ii) use
Listeria
as a model to study the evolution of pathogenicity in opportunistic environmental pathogens. Phylogenetic analyses identified six well-supported
Listeria
species that group into two main subdivisions, with each subdivision containing strains with and without the
prfA
virulence gene cluster. Stochastic character mapping and phylogenetic analysis of
hly
, a gene in the
prfA
cluster, suggest that the common ancestor of the genus
Listeria
contained the
prfA
virulence gene cluster and that this cluster was lost at least five times during the evolution of
Listeria
, yielding multiple distinct saprotrophic clades.
L. welshimeri
, which appears to represent the most ancient clade that arose from an ancestor with a
prfA
cluster deletion, shows a considerably lower average sequence divergence than other
Listeria
species, suggesting a population bottleneck and a putatively different ecology than other saprotrophic
Listeria
species. Overall, our data suggest that, for some pathogens, loss of virulence genes may represent a selective advantage, possibly by facilitating adaptation to a specific ecological niche.
Catabolite Repression of Aox inPichia pastorisIs Dependent on Hexose Transporter PpHxt1 and Pexophagy
Authors: Zhang Ping , Zhang Wenwen , Zhou Xiangshan , Bai Peng , Cregg James M. , Zhang Yuanxing
Published: July 2010

In this work, the identification and characterization of two hexose transporter homologs in the methylotrophic yeastPichia pastoris,P. pastorisHxt1 (PpHxt1) and PpHxt2, are described. When expressed in aSaccharomyces cerevisiae hxt-null mutant strain that is unable to take up monosaccharides, either protein restored growth on glucose or fructose. Both PpHXTgenes are transcriptionally regulated by glucose. Transcript levels of PpHXT1are induced by high levels of glucose, whereas transcript levels of PpHXT2are relatively lower and are fully induced by low levels of glucose. In addition, PpHxt2 plays an important role in glycolysis-dependent fermentative growth, since PpHxt2 is essential for growth on glucose or fructose when respiration is inhibited. Notably, we firstly found that the deletion of PpHXT1, but not PpHXT2, leads to the induced expression of the alcohol oxidase I gene (AOX1) in response to glucose or fructose. We also elucidated that a sharp dropping of the sugar-induced expression level of Aox at a later growth phase is caused mainly by pexophagy, a degradation pathway in methylotrophic yeast. The sugar-inducibleAOX1promoter in an Δhxt1strain may be promising as a host for the expression of heterologous proteins. The functional analysis of these two hexose transporters is the first step in elucidating the mechanisms of sugar metabolism and catabolite repression inP. pastoris.
Novel
In Vivo
-Degradable Cellulose-Chitin Copolymer from Metabolically Engineered
Gluconacetobacter xylinus
Authors: Yadav Vikas , Paniliatis Bruce J. , Shi Hai , Lee Kyongbum , Cebe Peggy , Kaplan David L.
Published: July 2010

Despite excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties, the poor
in vitro
and
in vivo
degradability of cellulose has limited its biomedical and biomass conversion applications. To address this issue, we report a metabolic engineering-based approach to the rational redesign of cellular metabolites to introduce
N
-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues into cellulosic biopolymers during
de novo
synthesis from
Gluconacetobacter xylinus
. The cellulose produced from these engineered cells (modified bacterial cellulose [MBC]) was evaluated and compared with cellulose produced from normal cells (bacterial cellulose [BC]). High GlcNAc content and lower crystallinity in MBC compared to BC make this a multifunctional bioengineered polymer susceptible to lysozyme, an enzyme widespread in the human body, and to rapid hydrolysis by cellulase, an enzyme commonly used in biomass conversion. Degradability
in vivo
was demonstrated in subcutaneous implants in mice, where modified cellulose was completely degraded within 20 days. We provide a new route toward the production of a family of tailorable modified cellulosic biopolymers that overcome the longstanding limitation associated with the poor degradability of cellulose for a wide range of potential applications.
Sequencing and Transcriptional Analysis of the
Streptococcus thermophilus
Histamine Biosynthesis Gene Cluster: Factors That Affect Differential
hdcA
Expression
Authors: Calles-Enríquez Marina , Eriksen Benjamin Hjort , Andersen Pia Skov , Rattray Fergal P. , Johansen Annette H. , Fernández María , Ladero Victor , Alvarez Miguel A.
Published: July 2010

Histamine, a toxic compound that is formed by the decarboxylation of histidine through the action of microbial decarboxylases, can accumulate in fermented food products. From a total of 69
Streptococcus thermophilus
strains screened, two strains, CHCC1524 and CHCC6483, showed the capacity to produce histamine. The
hdc
clusters of
S. thermophilus
CHCC1524 and CHCC6483 were sequenced, and the factors that affect histamine biosynthesis and histidine-decarboxylating gene (
hdcA
) expression were studied. The
hdc
cluster began with the
hdcA
gene, was followed by a transporter (
hdcP
), and ended with the
hdcB
gene, which is of unknown function. The three genes were orientated in the same direction. The genetic organization of the
hdc
cluster showed a unique organization among the lactic acid bacterial group and resembled those of
Staphylococcus
and
Clostridium
species, thus indicating possible acquisition through a horizontal transfer mechanism. Transcriptional analysis of the
hdc
cluster revealed the existence of a polycistronic mRNA covering the three genes. The histidine-decarboxylating gene (
hdcA
) of
S. thermophilus
demonstrated maximum expression during the stationary growth phase, with high expression levels correlated with high histamine levels. Limited expression was evident during the lag and exponential growth phases. Low-temperature (4°C) incubation of milk inoculated with a histamine-producing strain showed lower levels of histamine than did inoculated milk kept at 42°C. This reduction was attributed to a reduction in the activity of the HdcA enzyme itself rather than a reduction in gene expression or the presence of a lower cell number.
Identification of the Corn Pathogen
Pantoea stewartii
by Mass Spectrometry of Whole-Cell Extracts and Its Detection with Novel PCR Primers
Authors: Wensing Annette , Zimmermann Stefan , Geider Klaus
Published: July 2010

Pantoea stewartii
subsp.
stewartii
is the causative agent of Stewart's wilt, a bacterial disease transmitted by the corn flea beetle mainly to sweet corn (
Zea mays
). In many countries, it is classified as a quarantine organism and must be differentiated from other yellow enteric bacteria frequently occurring with corn. We have created novel primers from the
pstS-glmS
region of
P. stewartii
for use in conventional PCR (cPCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR). To facilitate rapid diagnosis, we applied matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. Using whole-cell protein extracts, profiles were generated with a Bruker microflex machine, and the bacteria classified.
P. stewartii
strains were clearly distinguished from strains of
Pantoea agglomerans
,
Pantoea dispersa
, and
Pantoea ananatis
. Dendrogram analysis of the protein profiles confirmed the score values and showed the formation of separate clades for each species. The identification achieved by MALDI-TOF MS analysis agrees with the diagnosis by specific PCR primers. The combination of both methods allows a rapid and simple identification of the corn pathogen.
P. stewartii
subsp.
stewartii
and
P. stewartii
subsp.
indologenes
are highly related and can be distinguished not only by virulence assays and indole tests but also by a characteristic pattern in the nucleotide sequence of
recA
.
Candida albicans Ume6, a Filament-Specific Transcriptional Regulator, Directs Hyphal Growth via a Pathway Involving Hgc1 Cyclin-Related Protein
Authors: Carlisle Patricia L. , Kadosh David
Published: July 2010

The ability of
Candida albicans
, the most common human fungal pathogen, to transition from yeast to hyphae is essential for pathogenicity. While a variety of transcription factors important for filamentation have been identified and characterized, links between transcriptional regulators of
C. albicans
morphogenesis and molecular mechanisms that drive hyphal growth are not well defined. We have previously observed that constitutive expression of
UME6
, which encodes a filament-specific transcriptional regulator, is sufficient to direct hyphal growth in the absence of filament-inducing conditions. Here we show that
HGC1
, encoding a cyclin-related protein necessary for hyphal growth under filament-inducing conditions, is specifically important for agar invasion, hyphal extension, and formation of true septa in response to constitutive
UME6
expression under non-filament-inducing conditions.
HGC1
-dependent inactivation of Rga2, a Cdc42 GTPase activating protein (GAP), also appears to be important for these processes. In response to filament-inducing conditions,
HGC1
is induced prior to
UME6
although
UME6
controls the level and duration of
HGC1
expression, which are likely to be important for hyphal extension. Interestingly, an epistasis analysis suggests that
UME6
and
HGC1
play distinct roles during early filament formation. These findings establish a link between a key regulator of filamentation and a downstream mechanism important for hyphal formation. In addition, this study demonstrates that a strain expressing constitutive high levels of
UME6
provides a powerful strategy to specifically dissect downstream mechanisms important for hyphal development in the absence of complex filament-inducing conditions.
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia: diagnosis and management
Authors: Alaraj Ali , Wallace Adam , Tesoro Eljim , Ruland Sean , Amin-Hanjani Sepideh , Charbel Fady T , Aletich Victor
Published: July 2010

The incidence of heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) in neurological patients continues to increase with expansion of indication for neurointerventional procedures. The pathophysiology of HIT is related to a hypersensitivity reaction against complex platelet factor 4. The diagnosis is mostly clinical and is often confirmed by laboratory testing. Patients with HIT have a higher rate of thromboembolic complications, both arterial and venous, and with worse neurological outcomes at the time of discharge. Early diagnosis and heparin cessation are essential in the management of those patients. Both immediate and prolonged alternative anticoagulation are necessary. Understanding of the mechanism of action, indication and drug interaction of the alternative anticoagulants (direct thrombin inhibitors, fondaparinux and danaparoid) and warfarin is essential during management of these patients.
Isoproterenol stimulates 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase and fatty acid oxidation in neonatal hearts
Authors: Jaswal Jagdip S. , Lund Chad R. , Keung Wendy , Beker Donna L. , Rebeyka Ivan M. , Lopaschuk Gary D.
Published: July 2010

Isoproterenol increases phosphorylation of LKB, 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), enzymes involved in regulating fatty acid oxidation. However, inotropic stimulation selectively increases glucose oxidation in adult hearts. In the neonatal heart, fatty acid oxidation becomes a major energy source, while glucose oxidation remains low. This study tested the hypothesis that increased energy demand imposed by isoproterenol originates from fatty acid oxidation, secondary to increased LKB, AMPK, and ACC phosphorylation. Isolated working hearts from 7-day-old rabbits were perfused with Krebs solution (0.4 mM palmitate, 11 mM glucose, 0.5 mM lactate, and 100 mU/l insulin) with or without isoproterenol (300 nM). Isoproterenol increased myocardial O2consumption (in J·g dry wt−1·min−1; 11.0 ± 1.4, n = 8 vs. 7.5 ± 0.8, n = 6, P < 0.05), and the phosphorylation of LKB (in arbitrary density units; 0.87 ± 0.09, n = 6 vs. 0.59 ± 0.08, n = 6, P < 0.05), AMPK (0.82 ± 0.08, n = 6 vs. 0.51 ± 0.06, n = 6, P < 0.05), and ACC-β (1.47 ± 0.14, n = 6 vs. 0.97 ± 0.07, n = 6, P < 0.05), with a concomitant decrease in malonyl-CoA levels (in nmol/g dry wt; 0.9 ± 0.9, n = 8 vs. 7.5 ± 1.3, n = 8, P < 0.05) and increase in palmitate oxidation (in nmol·g dry wt−1·min−1; 272 ± 45, n = 8 vs. 114 ± 9, n = 6, P < 0.05). Glucose and lactate oxidation were increased (in nmol·g dry wt−1·min−1; 253 ± 75, n = 8 vs. 63 ± 15, n = 9, P < 0.05 and 246 ± 43, n = 8 vs. 82 ± 11, n = 6, P < 0.05, respectively), independent of alterations in pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphorylation, but occurred secondary to a decrease in acetyl-CoA content and acetyl-CoA-to-free CoA ratio. As acetyl-CoA levels decrease in response to isoproterenol, despite an acceleration of the rates of palmitate and carbohydrate oxidation, these data suggest net rates of acetyl-CoA utilization exceed the net rates of acetyl-CoA generation.
Linoleic acid supplementation results in increased arachidonic acid and eicosanoid production in CF airway cells and incftr−/−transgenic mice
Authors: Zaman Munir M. , Martin Camilia R. , Andersson Charlotte , Bhutta Abdul Q. , Cluette-Brown Joanne E. , Laposata Michael , Freedman Steven D.
Published: July 2010

Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients display a fatty acid imbalance characterized by low linoleic acid levels and variable changes in arachidonic acid. This led to the recommendation that CF patients consume a high-fat diet containing >6% linoleic acid. We hypothesized that increased conversion of linoleic acid to arachidonic acid in CF leads to increased levels of arachidonate-derived proinflammatory metabolites and that this process is exacerbated by increasing linoleic acid levels in the diet. To test this hypothesis, we determined the effect of linoleic acid supplementation on downstream proinflammatory biomarkers in two CF models: 1) in vitro cell culture model using 16HBE14o−sense [wild-type (WT)] and antisense (CF) human airway epithelial cells; and 2) in an in vivo model using cftr−/−transgenic mice. Fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and IL-8 and eicosanoids were measured by ELISA. Neutrophils were quantified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from knockout mice following linoleic acid supplementation and exposure to aerosolized Pseudomonas LPS. Linoleic acid supplementation increased arachidonic acid levels in CF but not WT cells. IL-8, PGE2, and PGF2αsecretion were increased in CF compared with WT cells, with a further increase following linoleic acid supplementation. cftr−/−Mice supplemented with 100 mg of linoleic acid had increased arachidonic acid levels in lung tissue associated with increased neutrophil infiltration into the airway compared with control mice. These findings support the hypothesis that increasing linoleic acid levels in the setting of loss of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function leads to increased arachidonic acid levels and proinflammatory mediators.
A Retreat in a South Korean Buddhist Monastery. Becoming a Lay Devotee Through Monastic Life
Authors: Galmiche Florence
Published: July 2010

In South Korea, the distance between Buddhist monastics and lay devotees tends to reduce as monasteries and temples multiply in urban areas. Even the remote mountain monasteries have broadened their access to lay visitors. Nowadays monastic and lay Buddhists have more occasions to meet than before and the current intensification of their relationships brings important redefinitions of their respective identities. This paper explores how far this new spatial proximity signifies a rapprochement between monastic and lay Buddhists. Through an ethnographic approach and a participant observation methodology I focus on a one-week retreat for laity in a Buddhist monastery dedicated to meditation. This case study examines the ambiguous goal of this retreat programme that combined two aims: initiating lay practitioners to the monastic lifestyle and the practice of kanhwa son meditation; and establishing a group of lay supporters affiliated to the temple. This temporary monastic experience was directed towards an intense socialisation of the participants to the norms and values of an ascetic lifestyle, blurring some aspects of the border between lay and monastic practices of Buddhism. However, this paper suggests that this transitory rapprochement contributed to both challenge and strengthen the distinction between the renouncers (ch'ulga) and the householders (chaega).
Abstract of Counter-Insurgency in the Philippines and the Global War on Terror. Examining the Dynamics of the Twenty-first Century Long Wars
Authors: De Castro Renato Cruz
Published: July 2010

This article examines how the global war on terror affects the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), particularly its long and continuous involvement in many wars of the third kind. It discusses the history and essence of counter-insurgency warfare or low-intensity conflict (LICs) in the Philippine setting. It then explores the impact of the global war on terror on the Philippine military's counter-insurgency campaigns and the current reforms in the Philippine defence establishment to end the insurgency problems. In conclusion, the article argues these reforms and the post-9/11 US security assistance will not significantly transform the AFP's structure and functions as it will be preoccupied with its anti-terrorist and counter-insurgency efforts indefinitely into the future.
Conscientious Objection to Military Service: International Human Rights Law and the Case of Turkey
Authors: Yildirim Mine
Published: July 2010

The assessment of claims of conscientious objection to military service under freedom of religion or belief provisions has been an evolutive process in international human rights law. In Turkey, the right to conscientious objection to military service is not recognized, nor is there a specific punishment due for non-performance of military service on grounds of religious or philosophical beliefs. Military service is compulsory for every Turkish male citizen. The article in hand aims, firstly, to provide a survey on the status of the right to conscientious objection to military service in international human rights law and to propose a harmonizing interpretation that would allow for the evaluation of cases of conscientious objection under relevant provisions protecting freedom of religion or belief and secondly, to evaluate the Turkish legislation in relation to conscientious objection to military service and highlight human rights issues that arise due to a lack of legal regulation on conscientious objection to military service.
Changing Expectations: Notes from the History of the BBC's Turkish Service
Authors: Nohl Arnd-Michael
Published: July 2010

Established in 1939, the Turkish radio of the BBC World Service underwent a series of metamorphoses vis-à-vis the ever-changing expectations in Turkey, in the United Kingdom and within the BBC. Once a propaganda apparatus during the Second World War, the Turkish Service became a device of British cultural diplomacy during the Cold War. Since its foundation, interaction with Turkey and its intellectual circles was lively, and transformed the radio into a well-received media outlet, especially appreciated during times of political censorship. In the post-Cold War world, however, the liberalization and privatization of media in Turkey forced the Turkish Service to adjust its broadcasting by improving access to audiences and shifting the focus of news coverage to international issues. This article explores the history of the Turkish Service vis-à-vis the political and social situations in Turkey, the conditions of the British Broadcasting Corporation and the broader political environment.
The BBC Persian Service and the Islamic Revolution of 1979
Authors: Sreberny Annabelle , Torfeh Massoumeh
Published: July 2010

This paper is the second part of a work in progress that examines the impact of seventy years of BBC Persian broadcasts to Iran. The Persian Service, established in December 1940, was originally set up by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) as one of thirty-eight language services broadcasting to strategically important areas of the world during World War Two. The first piece of research looked at three historic moments when the influence of BBC Persian broadcasts was hotly debated: the toppling of the pro-German Shah of Iran, Reza Pahlavi, in 1941; the late 1940s, when Iran's nationalist leader, Mohammad Mossadeq, championed oil nationalization and challenged the rights hitherto enjoyed by the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company; and the US-led coup of 1953 that returned the young Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to the throne. The present research focuses on a period that many Iranians consider the most influential in terms of all BBC broadcasts to Iran. The BBC Persian Service (BBCPS) became a household name during 1978, the year leading up to the revolution of 11 February 1979. Many Iranians at home and abroad tuned in to hear the latest news and developments, even as the Shah of Iran accused the BBC of fomenting revolution, an argument echoed thirty years later in the responses of the Islamic Republic to the launch of the new Persian television channel in January 2009. The research shows clearly how difficult it had become for the FCO to uphold the independence of the BBC and support their closest friend in the region when he believed that the British government must be in charge. There was indeed heated debate and discussion inside the Foreign Office as to whether Britain was sacrificing its long-term interests by allowing the BBC to continue its broadcasts when even the British ambassador in Tehran was suggesting the service should be closed down.
The Breakdown of Coordinated Decision Making in Distributed Systems
Authors: Bearman Christopher , Paletz Susannah B. F. , Orasanu Judith , Thomas Matthew J. W.
Published: July 2010

Objective: This article aims to explore the nature and resolution of breakdowns in coordinated decision making in distributed safety-critical systems. Background: In safety-critical domains, people with different roles and responsibilities often must work together to make coordinated decisions while geographically distributed. Although there is likely to be a large degree of overlap in the shared mental models of these people on the basis of procedures and experience, subtle differences may exist. Method: Study 1 involves using Aviation Safety Reporting System reports to explore the ways in which coordinated decision making breaks down between pilots and air traffic controllers and the way in which the breakdowns are resolved. Study 2 replicates and extends those findings with the use of transcripts from the Apollo 13 National Aeronautics and Space Administration space mission. Results: Across both studies, breakdowns were caused in part by different types of lower-level breakdowns (or disconnects), which are labeled as operational, informational, or evaluative. Evaluative disconnects were found to be significantly harder to resolve than other types of disconnects. Conclusion: Considering breakdowns according to the type of disconnect involved appears to capture useful information that should assist accident and incident investigators. The current trend in aviation of shifting responsibilities and providing increasingly more information to pilots may have a hidden cost of increasing evaluative disconnects. Application: The proposed taxonomy facilitates the investigation of breakdowns in coordinated decision making and draws attention to the importance of considering subtle differences between participants’ mental models when considering complex distributed systems.
Perceptions of German Prison Officials While Visiting American Correctional Facilities
Authors: Dammer Harry R. , Bindzus Dieter , Martens Harald
Published: July 2010

In June 2007, a group of 15 prison psychologists, social workers, wardens, and correctional administrators from across Germany visited the northeast United States for the purpose of conducting tours of various kinds of correctional facilities. The trip was organized through a collaborative effort from the authors over a period of 2 years. This article describes the correctional facilities visited and observations made by the Germans during their correctional facility tours and will focus on the similarities and differences between the German and American correctional systems. The article clearly reflects how international academic collaborations can provide a variety of benefits for those willing to physically venture beyond boarders.
Panvascular Inflammation and Mechanisms of Injury in Perioperative CNS Outcomes
Authors: Murkin John M.
Published: July 2010

In this review, the evidence for inflammatory processes as being of fundamental importance in end-organ dysfunction— specifically stroke and neurocognitive impairment in patients undergoing cardiac surgery—will be reviewed. The risk of central nervous system (CNS) impairment following an off-pump cardiac surgery will be contrasted with that of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or medical management, and the role of progression of underlying cerebrovascular disease and, in particular, panvascular inflammation as an accompaniment to unstable angina with attendant risk of stroke will be explored. In addition, the various roles of preoperative comorbidities, aortic atheroma, and the use of selective avoidance of aortic instrumentation as well as carotid endarterectomy as risk modification strategies will be evaluated. Finally, a summary of recommendations for strategies to decrease risk of perioperative CNS impairment will be presented.
Festival Stakeholders: Exploring Relationships and Dependency Through a Four-Country Comparison
Authors: Getz Donald , Andersson Tommy
Published: July 2010

The importance of stakeholders to festival organizations and the issue of dependence on key stakeholders are studied through a four-country comparison. Respondents from Sweden, Norway, Scotland, and Australia mostly indicated that they did not feel overly dependent on any category of stakeholder, but did reveal the existence of several general patterns of stakeholder relationships that are linked to dependency. The public sector was predominant in terms of perceived stakeholder importance, but also clearly revealed were a customer-first relationship and a supplier-first (mostly venues) pattern. Perceived dependence on corporate sponsors in the sampled countries was uniformly low. Tourism and event management implications and theoretical advances are discussed in the conclusions, including suggestions for future research.
Mainstreaming Acupuncture: Barriers and Solutions
Authors: Stumpf Steven H. , Kendall D.E. , Hardy Mary L.
Published: July 2010

There is a place for the acupuncture profession within primary care. Nationwide, community clinics that serve the population of under- and uninsured persons are facing a tremendous shortage of primary care practitioners. Marginalized health care professions, that is, acupuncture, chiropractic, and naturopathy, are being drawn into a primary care role. An unanticipated workforce opportunity exists to fill the caregiver gap in community clinics. This transition can be quickly realized in states such as California where statutory code states that acupuncture is to be regulated and controlled as a primary care profession, but the requisite training has yet to be provided. Specific clinical experience in primary care settings would help overcome long-standing barriers that have resulted in the marginalization of the profession, high under- and unemployment among acupuncturists, and result in greater access to acupuncture treatment. A 1-year primary care training program for licensed acupuncturists (LAcs), which features clinical and didactic training, akin to what a physician assistant receives, would prepare acupuncturists to work in mainstream medicine. With appropriate training and biomedical collaboration skills, the participation of acupuncturists in mainstream medical settings can be accomplished with support from the acupuncture profession and mainstream medicine.
FLT3 internal tandem duplication associates with adverse outcome and gene- and microRNA-expression signatures in patients 60 years of age or older with primary cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B study
Authors: Whitman Susan P. , Maharry Kati , Radmacher Michael D. , Becker Heiko , Mrózek Krzysztof , Margeson Dean , Holland Kelsi B. , Wu Yue-Zhong , Schwind Sebastian , Metzeler Klaus H. , Wen Jing , Baer Maria R. , Powell Bayard L. , Carter Thomas H. , Kolitz Jonathan E. , Wetzler Meir , Moore Joseph O. , Stone Richard M. , Carroll Andrew J. , Larson Richard A. , Caligiuri Michael A. , Marcucci Guido , Bloomfield Clara D.
Published: July 2010

The clinical impact of FLT3-internal tandem duplications (ITDs), an adverse prognostic marker in adults aged < 60 years with primary cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (CN-AML), requires further investigation in older patients. In CN-AML patients aged ≥ 60 years treated on Cancer and Leukemia Group B frontline trials, we found that FLT3-ITD remained associ-ated with shorter disease-free survival (P < .001; hazard ratio = 2.10) and overall survival (P < .001; hazard ratio = 1.97) in multivariable analyses. This impact on shorter disease-free survival and overall survival was in patients aged 60-69 (P < .001, each) rather than in those aged ≥ 70 years. An FLT3-ITD–associated gene-expression signature revealed overexpression of FLT3, homeobox genes (MEIS1, PBX3, HOXB3), and immunotherapeutic tar-gets (WT1, CD33) and underexpression of leukemia-associated (MLLT3, TAL1) and erythropoiesis-associated (GATA3, EPOR, ANK1, HEMGN) genes. An FLT3-ITD–associated microRNA-expression signature included overexpressed miR-155 and underexpressed miR-144 and miR-451. FLT3-ITD identifies older CN-AML patients with molecular high risk and is associated with gene- and microRNA-expression signatures that provide biologic insights for novel therapeutic approaches.
Development of stable reporter system cloning luxCDABE genes into chromosome of Salmonella enterica serotypes using Tn7 transposon
Authors: Howe Kevin , Karsi Attila , Germon Pierre , Wills Robert W , Lawrence Mark L , Bailey Richard H
Published: July 2010

Background

Salmonellosis may be a food safety problem when raw food products are mishandled and not fully cooked. In previous work, we developed bioluminescent Salmonella enterica serotypes using a plasmid-based reporting system that can be used for real-time monitoring of the pathogen's growth on food products in short term studies. In this study, we report the use of a Tn7-based transposon system for subcloning of luxCDABE genes into the chromosome of eleven Salmonella enterica serotypes isolated from the broiler production continuum.

Results

We found that the lux operon is constitutively expressed from the chromosome post-transposition and the lux cassette is stable without external pressure, i.e. antibiotic selection, for all Salmonella enterica serotypes used. Bioluminescence expression is based on an active electron transport chain and is directly related with metabolic activity. This relationship was quantified by measuring bioluminescence against a temperature gradient in aqueous solution using a luminometer. In addition, bioluminescent monitoring of two serotypes confirmed that our chicken skin model has the potential to be used to evaluate pathogen mitigation strategies.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that our new stable reporting system eliminates bioluminescence variation due to plasmid instability and provides a reliable real-time experimental system to study application of preventive measures for Salmonella on food products in real-time for both short and long term studies.
ChemInform Abstract: Reversible Property Switching, Thermoelectric Performance, and d10—d10 Interactions in Ag5Te2Cl.
Authors: Nilges Tom , Osters Oliver , Bawohl Melanie , Bobet Jean‐Louis , Chevalier Bernard , Decourt Rodolphe , Weihrich Richard
Published: July 2010

Between 303 and 333 K the title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with Z = 8 and between 348 and 393 K in the tetragonal space group I4/mcm with Z = 4.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogenation Inducing Ferromagnetism in the Ternary Antiferromagnet NdCoSi.
Authors: Tence Sophie , Matar Samir F. , Andre Gilles , Gaudin Etienne , Chevalier Bernard
Published: July 2010

NdCoSi is prepared by arc melting of the elements followed by annealing at 1073 K (30 d) and transformed to NdCoSiH under 4 MPa of H2 at 523 K.
ChemInform Abstract: Solution‐Combustion Synthesized Nanocrystalline Li4Ti5O12 as High‐Rate Performance Li‐Ion Battery Anode.
Authors: Prakash A. S. , Manikandan P. , Ramesha K. , Sathiya M. , Tarascon J.‐M. , Shukla A. K.
Published: July 2010

Nanocrystalline Li4Ti5O12 is synthesized in less than one minute by a solution‐combustion method from an aqueous mixture of TiO(NO3)2, LiNO3, and glycine (alumina crucible, 800 °C) and characterized by powder XRD, SEM, TEM, and electrochemical measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Prussian Blue Analogues for CO2 and SO2 Capture and Separation Applications.
Authors: Thallapally Praveen K. , Motkuri Radha Kishan , Fernandez Carlos A. , McGrail B. Peter , Behrooz Ghorishi S.
Published: July 2010

Adsorption isotherms of pure gases present in flue gas including CO2, N2, SO2, NO, H2S, and H2O are measured for M3[Co(CN)6]2·nH2O (M: Co, Zn).
ChemInform Abstract: La4LiAuO8 and La2BaPdO5: Comparing Two Highly Stable d8 Square‐Planar Oxides.
Authors: Kurzman Joshua A. , Ouyang Xiaoying , Im Won Bin , Li Jun , Hu Jerry , Scott Susannah L. , Seshadri Ram
Published: July 2010

The title compounds with crystallographically well‐defined Au3+O4 and Pd2+O4 square planes are characterized as models for investigating the role of cationic metal ions in catalysis (XRD, synchrotron X‐ray scattering, XPS, 6Li NMR and UV/VIS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, DFT band structure calculations).
ChemInform Abstract: Si Modified Ge10 Cluster: The Preparation and Characterization of Single Crystal Na4(Ge,Si)9O20.
Authors: Xiao Peng‐Yan , Ren Tie‐Zhen , Wang Zhi‐Qiang , Christensen K. E.
Published: July 2010

The title compound with approximate composition Na4Ge7.68Si1.32O20 is hydrothermally prepared from a GeO2/xH2O/5en/2‐methyl pentanethylenediamine/yNaSiO3·9H2O (x = 35—46; y = 0.1—0.5) mixture (autoclave, 160 °C, 7 d) and characterized by powder and single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: V2.38Nb10.7O32.7: A V2O5—Nb2O5 Mixed Oxide Tunnel Structure Related to the Tetragonal Tungsten Bronzes.
Authors: Boerrnert Carina , Carrillo‐Cabrera Wilder , Simon Paul , Langbein Hubert
Published: July 2010

The title compound is prepared by freezing aqueous solutions of V2O5 and Nb2O5 in oxalic acid with liquid nitrogen, followed by drying the frozen mixture and heating to 350 °C (30 min), and by reaction of V2O5 with Nb2O5 at 650 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Desymmetrization of Cyclohexadienones via Broensted Acid Catalyzed Enantioselective Oxo‐Michael Reaction.
Authors: Gu Qing , Rong Zi‐Qiang , Zheng Chao , You Shu‐Li
Published: July 2010

A chiral phosphoric acid catalyzes the title reaction to give highly enantioenriched 1,4‐dioxanes (II) and tetrahydrofuran derivative (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Insertion of Carbon Disulfide and the Nitrile Group into the Diaziridine Ring of 6‐Aryl‐1,5‐diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes in Ionic Liquids Catalyzed by BF3·Et2O.
Authors: Syroeshkina Yu. S. , Kuznetsov V. V. , Lyssenko K. A. , Makhova N. N.
Published: July 2010

The insertion of CS2 as well as activated nitriles (V) into the bicyclic diaziridines (I) proceeds smoothly in ionic liquids in the presence of BF3·OEt2 to afford pyrazolothiadiazoles (III) as well as pyrazolotriazoles (V), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Chiral Oxazoline‐Schiff Base Ligands for the Catalytic Asymmetric Chlorination of β‐Keto Esters.
Authors: Qi Ming‐Hui , Wang Fei‐Jun , Shi Min
Published: July 2010

A number of title ligands is prepared in order to test their effectiveness in asymmetric chlorination of β‐keto esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild Two‐Step Process for the Transition‐Metal‐Free Synthesis of Carbon—Carbon Bonds from Allylic Alcohols/Ethers and Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Han Xinping , Zhang Yanhua , Wu Jimmy
Published: July 2010

The method involves the photochemically promoted allylic substitution reaction of allylic alcohols or ethers with phosphorothioic acid ester (II) followed by sp3—sp3 or sp2—sp3 bond formation of the resulting allylic phosphorothioate esters with various Grignard reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Cascade Resulting in the Reductive Ethynylation of Aldehydes: Dissection of Its Compounds.
Authors: Lee Dongjoo , Danishefsky Samuel J.
Published: July 2010

A variety of aldehydes are homologated by two carbon atoms.
ChemInform Abstract: A C2‐Symmetric Chiral Bis‐Sulfoxide Ligand in a Rhodium‐Catalyzed Reaction: Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition of Sodium Tetraarylborates to Chromenones.
Authors: Chen Jun , Chen Junmin , Lang Feng , Zhang Xiangyang , Cun Linfeng , Zhu Jin , Deng Jingen , Liao Jian
Published: July 2010

A newly synthesized chiral bis‐sulfoxide ligand, (R,R)‐1,2‐bis(tert‐butylsulfinyl)benzene is used in the Rh‐catalyzed asymmetric 1,4‐addition reaction of various arylboronic acids (IV) to electron‐deficient olefins giving adducts with high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopropylmethyl‐ and Cyclobutylmethyllithium by an Arene‐Catalyzed Lithiation. Stability and Reactivity.
Authors: Penafiel Itziar , Pastor Isidro M. , Yus Miguel
Published: July 2010

Treatment of substrates (I) or (V) with lithium metal/catalytic DTBB in the presence of carbonyl compounds results in formation of cycloalkylmethyl alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Trimethylsilyloxyenamines as New Aldehyde Enolate Synthons: General, Efficient and Diastereoselective Aldol Reaction with Ketals and Acetals.
Authors: Sonawane Manoj R. , Cisarova Ivana , Lyapkalo Ilya M.
Published: July 2010

The aldol reaction of enamines (IV) and (IX) with ketals or acetals leads to aldonitrones (VI) and (X), resp., in moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Alkanols into “Symmetric” Esters with the System Ce(SO4)2—LiBr.
Authors: Nikishin G. I. , Sokova L. L. , Kapustina N. I.
Published: July 2010

A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of “symmetric” esters based on the oxidation of primary alcohols with cerium sulfate in combination with an alkali bromide is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Cooperative N‐Heterocyclic Carbene/Lewis Acid Catalysis for Highly Stereoselective Annulation Reactions with Homoenolates.
Authors: Cardinal‐David Benoit , Raup Dustin E. A. , Scheidt Karl A.
Published: July 2010

Optically active cis‐1,3,4‐trisubstituted cyclopentenes are synthesized from enals and chalcone derivatives with high levels of diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity by the present new method.
ChemInform Abstract: Difluoromethyl 2‐Pyridyl Sulfone: A New gem‐Difluoroolefination Reagent for Aldehydes and Ketones.
Authors: Zhao Yanchuan , Huang Weizhou , Zhu Lingui , Hu Jinbo
Published: July 2010

The title compound (II) achieves high yields with exception of product (VIa) due to its high volatility.
ChemInform Abstract: Trifluoroacetaldehyde: A Useful Industrial Bulk Material for the Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Amino Compounds.
Authors: Mimura Hideyuki , Kawada Kosuke , Yamashita Tetsuya , Sakamoto Takeshi , Kikugawa Yasuo
Published: July 2010

The application of the title compound for the synthesis of trifluoromethylated amino compounds via reductive amination reactions, and in the synthesis of chiral α‐substituted trifluoroethylamino compounds via chiral sulfinimine (X) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiourea Catalyzed Aminolysis of Epoxides under Solvent‐Free Conditions. Electronic Control of Regioselective Ring Opening.
Authors: Chimni Swapandeep Singh , Bala Neeraj , Dixit Vaibhav A. , Bharatam Prasad V.
Published: July 2010

The regioselectivity is controlled by the electronic nature of the substituent on the styrene oxide (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Substituted para‐Benzoquinone Derivatives.
Authors: Khan Faiz Ahmed , Choudhury Sumit
Published: July 2010

Oxidation of phenols with PbO2 in combination with HClO4 affords the target compounds whose electrochemical properties are studied in detail.
ChemInform Abstract: Samarium Diiodide Catalyzed Aza‐Michael Reactions for the Formation of β‐Amino Amides.
Authors: Reboule Irena , Bezzenine‐Lafollee Sophie , Collin Jacqueline , Gil Richard , Martin Myriam
Published: July 2010

SmI2 is an efficient catalyst for aza‐Michael additions of anisidine (II) on either α,β‐unsaturated N‐benzoylamides (I) or acyloxazolidinone (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated N‐Heteroarylation of Primary Sulfonamides: Synthesis of Mono‐N‐heteroaryl Sulfonamides.
Authors: Baffoe Jonathan , Hoe Madelene Y. , Toure B. Barry
Published: July 2010

Electron‐withdrawing groups increase the yields of heterocyclic products (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Cationic Palladium(II) Catalysis: C—H Activation/Suzuki—Miyaura Couplings at Room Temperature.
Authors: Nishikata Takashi , Abela Alexander R. , Huang Shenlin , Lipshutz Bruce H.
Published: July 2010

Cationic palladium(II) catalyst realized facile C—H activation of aryl urea with arylboronic acids at room temperature in the absence of metal oxidants or added acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some New Biheterocycles by a One‐Pot Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Reaction
Authors: Deodhar Mandar , Black David StC. , Chan Daniel Shiu‐Hin , Kumar Naresh
Published: July 2010

involving in situ conversion of an aryl halide into a boronate ester intermediate followed by addition of a second equivalent of aryl halide together with an appropiate Pd‐catalyst; (11 examples)
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐(Pyrimidinyl)pyrrole Derivatives.
Authors: Nestorak Igor Yu. , Tverdokhlebov Anton V. , Tolmachev Andrey A. , Volovenko Yulian M.
Published: July 2010

The reaction of chloroacetic acid anilides (I) with pyrimidinylnitriles (II) leads to dihydropyrrol‐2‐ones (III), whilst the Claisen‐type acylation of nitriles (II) with N‐Boc‐α‐amino acid imidazolides followed by Boc‐deprotection and simultaneous cyclization gives rise to the isomeric dihydropyrrol‐3‐ones (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Benzylation of N‐Boc Indole Boronic Acids.
Authors: Kearney Aaron M. , Landry‐Bayle Adrienne , Gomez Laurent
Published: July 2010

The Suzuki cross‐coupling in the presence of trans‐TPS offers a convenient synthesis of 2‐benzylindoles.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Three‐Step Synthesis of Naphtho[2,3‐a]carbazole‐5,13‐diones Using a Tandem Radical Alkylation—Cyclization—Aromatization Reaction Sequence.
Authors: Ding Chungyong , Tu Shanghui , Yao Qizheng , Li Fulong , Wang Yuanxiang , Hu Wenxiang , Zhang Ao
Published: July 2010

The strategy is highly efficient for the assembly of pentacyclic complex carbazoles and provides an improvement over the previously reported methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐(Perfluoroalkylmethyl)‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐ones.
Authors: Chehidi Ikram , Amanetoullah Abaccar Ould , Chaabouni Mohamed Moncef , Baklouti Ahmed
Published: July 2010

F‐Alkylated dioxolanones (III),(IV),(VI), and (VII) are obtained via direct acid‐catalyzed cyclization reaction of F‐alkyl α‐hydroxy acids (I) with aldehydes and ketones (II) and (V) by using two methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Michael Addition of Pyrazolin‐5‐ones to Nitroolefins with Bifunctional Thiourea: Stereocontrolled Construction of Contiguous Quaternary and Tertiary Stereocenters.
Authors: Liao Yu‐Hua , Chen Wen‐Bing , Wu Zhi‐Jun , Du Xi‐Lin , Cun Lin‐Feng , Zhang Xiao‐Mei , Yuan Wei‐Cheng
Published: July 2010

This experimentally simple process facilitates the access to various chiral, multiply substituted pyrazolin‐5‐one derivatives from readily available starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Aminohydroxylation of Olefins.
Authors: Williamson Kevin S. , Yoon Tehshik P.
Published: July 2010

In the presence of iron(III) acetylacetonate N‐sulfonyl oxaziridine (II) reacts with a broad range of olefins to afford oxazolidines in contrast to previously reported copper‐catalyzed oxyamination.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective HOTf‐Catalyzed Three‐Component One‐Pot 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of α‐Diazo Ester, Nitrosobenzene and Electron‐Deficient Alkene.
Authors: Xu Zhen‐Jiang , Zhu Di , Zeng Xiaofei , Wang Fei , Tan Bin , Hou Yuxuan , Lv Yunbo , Zhong Guofu
Published: July 2010

The title reaction provides a convenient method for the preparation of functionalized isoxazolidines (IV) and (VII) under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Cascade Kroehnke Condensation — An Intramolecular Nucleophilic Cyclization Approach Toward Annulated Chromenes.
Authors: Voskressensky Leonid G. , Kulikova Larisa N. , Listratova Anna V. , Borisov Roman S. , Kukaniev Muhamadsho A. , Varlamov Alexey V.
Published: July 2010

A simple one‐pot protocol allows the synthesis of the title compounds via a cascade reaction of immonium salts (I) and α‐hydroxyaromatic aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fused Thiopyranthione and Thiophene Derivatives from 4,5‐Dihydro‐3‐thiophene(and ‐3‐furan)‐carbonitriles Having an Active Methylene Group at C‐2 Position.
Authors: Maruoka Hiroshi , Okabe Fumi , Yamasaki Keishi , Masumoto Eiichi , Fujioka Toshihiro , Yamagata Kenji
Published: July 2010

The title carbonitriles (III) are readily converted into novel fused thiopyranthione (V) and thiophene derivatives (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antituberculosis Activity of Some N‐Pyridyl‐N′‐thiazolylhydrazine Derivatives.
Authors: Turan‐Zitouni Guelhan , Kaplancikli Zafer Asim , Oezdemir Ahmet
Published: July 2010

New N‐pyridyl‐N′‐thiazolylhydrazine derivatives (III) are prepared and evaluated for their activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Fungicidal Activity of Substituted 2‐(4‐Chlorophenoxy)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)ethan‐1‐ols.
Authors: Kuzenkov A. V. , Zakharychev V. V.
Published: July 2010

All the obtained title compounds show high fungicidal activity.