bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uncertainties in the effects of organic aerosol coatings on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations and their estimated health effects
Authors: Lou Sijia , Shrivastava Manish , Albinet Alexandre , Tomaz Sophie , Srivastava Deepchandra , Favez Olivier , Shen Huizhong , Ding Aijun
Published: November 2024

Abstract. We utilized the CAM5 model to examine how different degradation approaches for particle-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) affect the spatial distribution of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). Three approaches were evaluated: NOA (no OA coatings), Shielded (where viscous OA coatings protect PAHs from oxidation), and ROI-T (where OA coatings influence PAHs through reactive oxygen intermediates related to temperature). Our findings indicate that the seasonal variation of BaP is influenced by emissions, deposition, and degradation approaches. All simulations predict higher population-weighted global average (PWGA) fresh BaP concentrations during December-January-February (DJF) compared to June-July-August (JJA), primarily due to increased emissions from household activities, less efficient wet removal, and unfavourable winter conditions. The Shielded and ROI-T approaches show that viscous OA coatings significantly inhibit BaP oxidation, leading to PWGA fresh BaP concentrations two to six times higher in DJF than in NOA. The Shielded approach predicts the highest PWGA fresh BaP concentration of 1.3 ng m-3 in DJF, with 90 % of BaP protected from oxidation. In contrast, the ROI-T approach forecasts lower concentrations in mid-to-low latitudes. Model evaluations indicate the Shielded method performs best, with a normalized mean bias within ±20 %. The incremental lifetime cancer risk ranges from 0.6 to 2 deaths per 100,000 persons based on fresh BaP exposure. Overall, the human health risks from fresh and oxidized PAHs are comparable, underscoring the importance of including both forms in risk assessments and highlighting the critical role of accurate degradation approaches in PAH modelling.
Integration by design: driving mineral system knowledge using multi-modal, collocated, scale-consistent characterisation
Authors: Austin James R. , Gazley Michael , Birchall Renee , Patterson Ben , Stromberg Jessica , Willams Morgan , Björk Andreas , Le Gras Monica , Shelton Tina D. , Dhnaram Courteney , Lisitsin Vladimir , Schlegel Tobias , McFarlane Helen , Walshe John
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Recent decades have seen an exponential rise in the application of machine learning in geoscience. However, fundamental differences distinguish geoscience data from most other data types. Geoscience datasets are typically multi-dimensional, and contain 1D (drill holes), 2D (maps or cross-sections), and 3D volumetric and point data (models/voxels). Geoscience data quality is a product of the data's resolution and the precision of the methods used to acquire them. The dimensionality, resolution, and precision of each layer within a geoscience dataset translate into limitations to the spatiality, scale, and uncertainty of resulting interpretations. Historically, geoscience datasets were overlaid cartographically to incorporate subjective, experience-driven knowledge and variances in scale and resolution. These nuances and limitations that underpin the reliability of automated interpretation are well understood by geoscientists but are rarely appropriately transferred to data science. For true integration of geoscience data, such issues cannot be overlooked without consequence. To apply data analytics to complex geoscience data (e.g. hydrothermal mineral systems) effectively, methodologies that characterise the system quantitatively at a common scale, using collocated analyses, should be sought. This paper provides research and exploration insights from an innovative district-wide, scale-integrated geoscience data project, which analysed 1590 samples from 23 mineral deposits and prospects across the Cloncurry district, Queensland, Australia. Nine different analytical techniques were used, including density, magnetic susceptibility, remanent magnetisation, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, radiometrics, conductivity, automated mineralogy based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM), geochemistry, and short-wave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral data with 561 columns of scale-integrated data (+2151 columns of SWIR data). All data were collected on 2.2 cm × 2.5 cm sample cylinders, a scale at which the confidence in the coupling of data from techniques can be high. These data are integrated by design to eliminate the need to downscale coarser measurements via assumptions, inferences, inversions, and interpolations. This scale-consistent approach is critical to the quantitative characterisation of mineral systems and has numerous applications in mineral exploration, such as linking alteration paragenesis with structural controls and petrophysical zonation. The Cloncurry METAL dataset is made freely available via the AuScope Data Repository: https://doi.org/10.60623/82trleue (Austin et al., 2024).
Short Communication: Numerically simulated time to steady state is not a reliable measure of landscape response time
Authors: Gasparini Nicole M. , Forte Adam M. , Barnhart Katherine R.
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Quantifying the timescales over which landscapes evolve is critical for understanding past and future environmental change. Computational landscape evolution models are one tool among many that have been used in this pursuit. We compare numerically modeled times to reach steady state for a landscape adjusting to an increase in rock uplift rate. We use three different numerical modeling libraries and explore the impact of time step, grid type, numerical method for solving the erosion equation, and metric for quantifying the time to steady state. We find that modeled time to steady state is impacted by all of these variables. Time to steady state varies inconsistently with time step length, both within a single model and among different models. In some cases, drainage rearrangement extends the time to reach steady state, but this is not consistent in all models or grid types. The two sets of experiments operating on Voronoi grids have the most consistent times to steady state when comparing across time step and metrics. On a raster grid, if we force the drainage network to remain stable, time to steady state varies much less with computational time step. In all cases we find that many measures of modeled time to steady state are longer than that predicted by an analytical equation for bedrock river response time. Our results show that the predicted time to steady state from a numerical model is, in many cases, more reflective of drainage rearrangement and numerical artifacts than the time for an uplift wave to propagate through a fixed drainage network.
EHF based Heatwave Identification and its Impact on Urban Heat Island Intensity: A Case Study of an Indian City
Authors: Saxena Shikhar , Agrawal Sonam , Basu Debolina
Published: November 2024

Abstract. In the Indian subcontinent, the heatwaves occur mainly during the summer months from April to June. This heatwave becomes more severe when accompanied by higher summer temperatures in the country. Excess Heat Factor (EHF) is a metric used to identify heatwaves. This study identifies the heatwave using EHF and its relationship with UHI intensity in pre, post, and during heatwave event. The results show a heatwave event in the area from 10-16 June 2023 with positive EHF values. The values range from 0.433087-5.277442 during the heatwave event. To establish the link between the positive EHF value and UHI intensity, the variation of UHI intensity is monitored using MODIS data. The findings indicated that during the heatwave event, the UHI intensity and its extent grew with an increase in temperature of 2°C in the daytime and slight changes in the nighttime. This result is also validated by plotting the variation of UHI intensity using ERA-5 Land data on the grid point of the weather station (29.5°N, 79.5°E), which ranges between 0.504764 – 0.633209 during the pre-heatwave event. The intensity value kept on increasing as the heatwave event approached and reached the maximum magnitude of 0.70384 during the heatwave event. As the event finishes, intensity values decrease to 0.147939 post heatwave event. The findings provide an understanding of localized interaction of UHI intensity and the heatwave which is identified using the EHF factor.
Deep-Sea Fauna Segmentation: A Comparative Analysis of Convolutional and Vision Transformer Architectures at Lucky Strike Vent Field
Authors: Soto Vega Pedro J. , Andrade-Miranda Gustavo X. , da Costa Gilson A. O. P. , Papadakis Panagiotis , Matabos Marjolaine , Napoleon Thibault , Karine Ayoub , Fagundes Gasparoto Henrique
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Due to recent technological developments, the acquisition and availability of deep-sea imagery has increased exponentially in the last years, leading to an increasing backlog in image annotation and processing, attributable to limited specialized human resources. In this work, we investigate the performance of well-established convolutional neural networks and Vision Transformer (ViT) based architectures, namely, DeepLabv3+ and UNETR, for the segmentation of fauna in deep-sea images. The dataset consists of images captured at the Lucky Strike Vent field, located on the mid-Atlantic ridge, of three edifices named Montsegur, White Castle, and Eiffel Tower. Our experimental investigation reveals that the Vision Transformer consistently outperforms the fully convolutional deep learning architecture, by approximately 14% in terms of F1-Score, demonstrating the effectiveness of ViTs in capturing intricate patterns and long-range dependencies present in deep-sea imagery. Our findings highlight the potential of ViTs as a promising approach for accurate semantic segmentation in challenging environmental contexts, paving the way for improved understanding and analysis of deep-sea ecosystems.
EFEKTIFITAS MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL (ANIMASI TAYO) TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENYIMAK ANAK 5-6 TAHUN
Authors: Jusnidar Jusnidar , Safirah Nur Adillah , Usman Usman , Ilyas Sitti Nurhidayah , Musi Muhammad Akil
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini merangkum tentang bagaimana kemampuan menyimak anak dapat efektif melalui penggunaan media audio visual (animasi tayo). Penelitian ini juga berbertujuan untuk mengevaluasi secara sistematis efektivitas penggunaan media audiovisual, khususnya animasi Tayo, dalam meningkatkan kemampuan menyimak anak usia 5-6 tahun di PAUD DWP LPMP Sulawesi Selatan. Dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan desain penelitian eksperimen semu. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa PAUD DWP LPMP Sulawesi Selatan yang berjumlah 24 anak. Purposive sampling digunakan sebagai pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini. Sampel penelitian ini terdiri dari 12 anak, 6 anak sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan 6 anak sebagai kelompok kontrol. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis statistik non parametrik. Hasil penelitian yaitu bahwa kemampuan menyimak anak yang diberi perlakuan menggunakan media audio visual (animasi Tayo) pada kelompok eksperimen lebih efektif dibandingkan kelompok kontrol tanpa perlakuan. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan media audiovisual (animasi Tayo) memberikan efektivitas yang signifikan terhadap kemampuan menyimak anak usia 5-6 tahun di PAUD DWP LPMP Sulawesi Selatan.
A Review on Herbal Components used for Polyherbal Facewash
Authors: S. Popaniya Hiral , N. Vaja Payal , J. Tank Chintankumar , Suva Hetal , Rathod Dhruti
Published: November 2024

Cosmetics, derived from the Greek word "kosmetikos," are substances used to enhance, cleanse, and promote attractiveness. Face wash has evolved to address various skin concerns, including acne and aging. Herbal cosmetics, utilizing plant-based products, offer aesthetically pleasing physiological effects such as skin healing and smoothening. Their mild and non-toxic nature, along with natural ingredients like oils and extracts, contribute to their benefits. They are rich in nutrients, environmentally friendly, and economically viable, making them a preferred choice for consumers seeking natural alternatives The skin's multi-layered structure, including the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, plays a crucial role in protecting against external threats, regulating body temperature, and preserving moisture. Face wash products serve therapeutic purposes, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-acne, and antioxidant properties. Herbal face wash products, derived from various botanical families, contribute to their therapeutic and aesthetic properties. The integration of various herbs such as Aloe vera, Rosemary, Buckwheat seeds, Betel-nut palm, Calendula, Babchi, Burdock root, Chia, Sacha inchi, and Jojoba oil into face wash formulations further enriches the landscape. In summary, this literature review provides a comprehensive understanding of herbal cosmetics, the formulation of face wash products, their benefits, and therapeutic applications.
FREQUENCY OF DIFFERENT CAUSES OF MASTALGIA WITHOUT NIPPLE DISCHARGE AMONG WOMEN PRESENTING AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: JAWAD J , ZAHEER F , JAWAD W
Published: November 2024

Mastalgia, or breast pain, is a common complaint among women, often impacting quality of life and requiring clinical attention. Understanding the underlying causes of mastalgia is essential to guide management and improve patient outcomes. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and associated causes of mastalgia in women presenting to a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Surgery, Civil Hospital, Karachi, from March 1, 2023, to August 30, 2023, after obtaining ethical approval from the institutional review board. A total of 176 female patients aged 18–49 years with complaints of mastalgia were included in the study through non-probability consecutive sampling. Both married and unmarried women were enrolled, and data were collected on demographic variables, lifestyle factors, and psychological factors. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate associations between causes and mastalgia severity. Results:The most common causes of mastalgia identified were caffeine consumption (56%), depression (57%), and smoking (49%). Significant associations were found between mastalgia severity and both smoking (p=0.002) and caffeine consumption (p=0.003). Smokers and caffeine consumers reported higher levels of pain severity. Conclusion: Mastalgia is frequently associated with modifiable lifestyle factors such as smoking and caffeine intake, as well as psychological factors like depression. Addressing these factors may help manage and reduce the severity of mastalgia in affected patients.
АНАЛИЗ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ИНВЕСТИЦИЙ И ОЦЕНКА ИХ ПРИТОКА НА РЫНОК КОРПОРАТИВНОГО ДОЛГА РОССИИ
Authors: Е.Н. Алифанова , С.А. Переход , Б.Б. Рубцов
Published: November 2024

Введение. Введение санкций в 2022 году ограничило доступ российских компаний к международным рынкам капитала, что привело к переориентации на внутренний долговой рынок как на ключевой источник долгосрочных финансовых ресурсов. В этой связи особенно возросла значимость корпоративных облигаций. Целью исследования является анализ источников инвестиций на рынке корпоративного долга и оценка потенциала их привлечения. Материалы и методы. Исследование основано на данных Банка России, Московской биржи, IIF и Trading Economics за период 2013–2024 годов. Применялись статистический и компаративный методы для анализа текущих и потенциальных источников инвестиций, а также изменений в структуре инвесторов. Результаты исследования. Результаты показали, что после 2022 года благодаря увеличению числа физических лиц – инвесторов, высокой доходности облигаций и внедрению замещающих облигаций рынок начал восстанавливаться. Основными инвесторами стали банки, пенсионные фонды, управляющие компании и частные инвесторы. Обсуждение и заключение. Потенциал привлечения инвестиций оценивается в 7,3 трлн руб. единовременных поступлений и 7 трлн руб. ежегодных поступлений, что возможно благодаря перераспределению банковских вкладов, использованию брокерских счетов, возврату капитала и привлечению средств из дружественных стран. Для дальнейшего роста необходимо стимулировать внутренние накопления и инвестировать их в долгосрочные финансовые инструменты, что поддержит развитие экономики.

Introduction. The imposition of sanctions in 2022 limited the access of Russian companies to international capital markets, which led to a reorientation to the domestic debt market as a key source of long-term financial resources. In this regard, the importance of corporate bonds has especially increased. Materials and Methods. The study is based on the data of the Bank of Russia, Moscow Exchange, IIF and Trading Economics for the period 2013–2024. Statistical and comparative methods were used to analyze current and potential sources of investment, as well as changes in the structure of investors. Results. The results showed that after 2022, due to the increase in the number of individual investors, high bond yields and the introduction of substitute bonds, the market started to recover. The main investors were banks, pension funds, management companies and individual investors. Discussion and Conclusion. The potential for attracting investments is estimated at Rb 7,3 trillion in one-time revenues and Rb 7 trillion in annual revenues, which is possible due to the redistribution of bank deposits, use of brokerage accounts, return of capital and attraction of funds from friendly countries. For further growth, it is necessary to stimulate domestic savings and invest them in long-term financial instruments, which will support the development of the economy.
Improvement of visual servo system of industrial robot based on sliding mode control and deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Zhou Yunzhe
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Visual servo system is more and more widely used in the field of industrial robots because it allows robots to sense external signals through sensors to convey control commands to themselves and complete tasks. However, the traditional visual servo has many limitations in the design of controller and image feature extraction, such as insufficient robustness and image extraction accuracy. This research focuses on the optimization of controller and image feature extraction, which can improve the overall performance and autonomy of the system by combining sliding mode control and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Sliding mode control performs well in terms of robustness and response speed, while CNN has excellent ability for image feature extraction. The research results show that the combination of the two and the visual servo has better performance in a variety of application scenarios, so this is also the development direction that industrial robots can adopt in the future.
The research on the factors affecting the World Happiness index
Authors: Zong Yizhi
Published: November 2024

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to use data from the World Happiness Report to conduct an in-depth analysis of the factors that influence the World Happiness Index (WHI) and to look for other factors that may influence happiness. In this paper, the correlation graph shows that among the original six variables, Social Support has the strongest correlation with the ladder score, which means that Social Support has the greatest impact on the happiness index, followed by GDP per capita; Generosity, on the other hand, was the weakest associated with ladder scores and had the least effect on happiness. Then the linear regression and scatter plot are used to prove this conclusion. Therefore, this paper can consider whether to delete Generosity as an influential factor. A map was then used to show happiness levels and geographical distribution in different countries. At the same time, the distribution of the Gini coefficient is also shown by a regional distribution map. From the perspective of the Gini coefficient and education level, these two factors also have a certain positive correlation with the happiness index, which are likely to be the potential influencing factors of the happiness index. From a global map perspective, the happiest countries are mostly located in Europe, North America and Oceania, while the happiest countries are mostly located in Africa. The study's sample size was not large enough, it was prone to make errors and raise questions about happiness scores in some countries.
Reproduction and generalization of robot trajectory tracking control method using reinforcement learning and neural network techniques
Authors: Zhang Ziliang
Published: November 2024

Abstract. This paper introduces a method for controlling the trajectory of a manipulator robot with uncertainty, using reinforcement learning. The control is designed to work even when there are limitations on the inputs to the system. Reinforcement learning and neural networks are employed alongside standard robust control techniques to enhance the fixed-time convergence of the system state. A novel algorithm is proposed to develop a reinforcement learning-based approach. This approach utilizes radial basis function neural networks and nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control to ensure error convergence within a predetermined time. This paper presents the task of monitoring the intended path followed by robotic arms in the presence of uncertain and unfamiliar disruptions. The experimental results validate that the suggested approach substantially improves both the stability and accuracy of trajectory tracking, making it more feasible for real-world applications in robotic systems.
Investigation of the effect of three parameters in the GEKO model on the calculation results for backward facing step flow
Authors: Hu Yuqin
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a field which is attracting more and more focus today for its ability to simulate comprehensive conditions. Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS), which needs low cost, is one of the most popular methods used in engineering. However, RANS method has insufficient ability to simulate separated flow, which is a major challenge at present. One reason for this is that the model parameters introduce uncertainty into the simulation. This research investigates the effect of three parameters in the Generalized k- (GEKO) two-equation turbulence model on the calculations in backward facing step flow. It is found that C_sep has the greatest influence on the calculation of pressure coefficient and friction coefficient. C_nw has the greatest influence on the reattachment calculation through eddy-viscosity. The calculation results of the three variables show that there is correlation between them. Besides, a better set of parameters is obtained, which will improve the calculation accuracy for these three variables.
Encryption with Complex Variable and its Capabilities
Authors: Sun Jiahong
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Cybersecurity is instrumental to the modern world. The most effective protection of data online is cryptography and encryption. There are two main types: symmetric and asymmetric. They employ important mathematical concepts to encode vital information. Nevertheless, the encryption field remains largely within the world of real numbers. This paper analyzes an encryption method presented by George Stergiopoulos et al. utilizing complex numbers and investigates its possible usage. The process involves investigating the necessary complex variable applications and a comparative scoring system which provides vital outlook on the promise of this new methodology. Subsequently, the investigation of the time complexity, security and encryption speeds provides a vital outlook on the practical uses in society. The results are promising feasibility of this new algorithm and the encouragement of further investigation into complex variable applications that encrypt with a more substantial range than any operation in the real numbers. Thus, the explicit novel insightful comparison of both symmetric and asymmetric encryption systems to the proposed complex encryption shows vital promise and further interest in investigation into this field as it opens the possibilities to an infinite array of novel complex operations that were previously inaccessible due to the restraint of real numbers.
Towards Greener Skies: Exploring the Potential of Hydrogen Energy in Aviation
Authors: Zhang Yuxuan
Published: November 2024

Abstract. In the quest for mitigating the environmental impact of aviation, the exploration of sustainable fuel alternatives has become imperative. Hydrogen energy emerges as a promising solution, offering a clean and renewable energy source for aviation. This paper conducts an extensive review to assess the development status, advantages, challenges, and future prospects of hydrogen energy in aviation. Through an analysis of various studies, it examines the current state of hydrogen energy in aviation, including its benefits, obstacles, and potential pathways for implementation. Despite facing significant hurdles, hydrogen energy presents a compelling opportunity to reduce carbon emissions and enhance the environmental sustainability of aviation.
Black holes - from relativity to Hawking radiation
Authors: Li Yan
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Black Hole (BH for short) is a kind of compact body in the universe predicted by the general theory of relativity. The gravitational pull of a black hole is extremely strong. A black hole is a celestial body whose curvature of space-time is so great that light cannot escape from its event horizon. There are four main ideas about how black holes form: collapsing stars, exploding supernovae, merging multiple black holes, and primordial black holes. In this article, we will start with Einstein's theory of relativity to analyze black holes, and focus on Schwarzschild black holes.
Development of a compulsory mathematics online course capable of accommodating the individual needs of students in Finnish vocational upper secondary education
Authors: Suominen Sanni
Published: November 2024

Väitöstutkimuksessani kehitin verkko-opinnon, joka mahdollistaa yksilölliset oppimispolut ammatillisen peruskoulutuksen pakollisessa matematiikassa.
The impact of smart classrooms on the core literacy of college English learners and the relationship between core literacy and learning outcomes: Evidence from China
Authors: Fan Xuefei
Published: November 2024

College English major students are taken as the subjects of evaluation, applying learning analysis technology based on learning behaviour data sets and traditional evaluation and comprehensively using the analytic hierarchy process for index weighting and evaluation practice to construct a comprehensive evaluation index system for the core literacy of college English major students. Secondly, this study deeply examines the impact of smart classrooms on the core literacy of college English learners. By applying different regression models, including Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), fixed effects model, and dynamic lagged fixed effects regression, the research results consistently show that the smart English teaching model significantly improves the core literacy of college students. The regression coefficients of all models are between 0.2150 and 0.2818, and they are robust and reliable at a significance level of 1%. In addition, the study explores the role of academic resources as a mediating variable and finds that smart English classrooms improve students' English core literacy by increasing academic resources. Academic resources are confirmed to mediate the positive impact of smart English classrooms on students' English core literacy, producing a mediating effect of 30.78%. Using deep neural networks, this study further explores the complex relationship between core literacy and learning outcomes. Therefore, as an innovative teaching model, the application potential of smart English classrooms in improving students' English core literacy is significant.
Impact of Socioeconomic and Macroeconomic Conditions on the Financial Literacy of Students Assessed by Pisa
Authors: Mariatti Bruno Carvalho , Corrêa da Silva Rafhael Marquetti , Carvalho Flávio Leonel de , Flor de Souza Daiane Aparecida Pereira , Santana Naja Brandão
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between students’ performance on the PISA financial literacy test in 2012, 2015, and 2018, with the socioeconomic characteristics of the participants and macroeconomic indicators of their countries of origin. The average PISA performance in financial knowledge of students from 30 OECD member and partner countries in the years was analyzed. Based on mean difference tests and multivariate panel regression models, it was concluded that the socioeconomic and macroeconomic context in which the student is inserted is directly related to their financial knowledge. Students who were native, economically favored, and residents of large cities showed better performance and a statistically higher average score compared to immigrant students, low-income students, or residents of medium or small cities. It was also found that the financial performance of these students is impacted by the countries’ income inequality indices, negatively influencing those with the worst distributions.
Perceptions of Tertiary Level Students About Peer Feedback in Writing Classes in Bangladesh
Authors: Mahmud Rashed
Published: November 2024

Peer feedback of writing involves writers receiving constructive criticism and suggestions on their work from peers, typically from classmates to improve the quality of their writing. It is widely used as a collaborative learning strategy for developing writing skills. The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions of first-year students regarding peer feedback. The researcher used a volunteer sampling technique; the participants were from two universities, one located in Dhaka, the capital city, and another in Chittagong, a large city in Bangladesh. The interview data revealed that participants have positive perceptions toward peer feedback. Although there are some challenges with peer feedback, the study found that to gain the highest benefits, students need to be educated regarding its benefits and develop a multicultural setting in the class where everyone’s voice will be respected.
How Covid-19 Has Changed Safety in the Car Transportation Sector: A Corpus-Assisted Analysis of Non-Financial Reports
Authors: Zaupa Federico
Published: November 2024

The importance of people’s safety during Covid-19 has resulted in greater attention to this aspect in CSR and ESG disclosures, especially in the field of transport. The relevance of this topic is also reflected in the recent publication of linguistic studies that investigate how companies in some sub-sectors communicate their commitment to passengers’ safety (Rossato & Nocella, 2022; Bondi & Nocella, 2023). This paper explores how safety is discursively constructed and communicated in the car rental and ride sharing sectors, both before and during the pandemic. Working along the lines of corpus-assisted discourse studies (Partington et al., 2013), the research analyses a corpus of English CSR and ESG reports published by international American companies in the above-mentioned fields of transport. Findings suggest a great concern for safety issues and a more inclusive approach to both customers’ and employees’ safety during the pandemic. Additionally, car rental companies show more attention to vehicle safety, while ride sharing operators put more emphasis on road safety. Evidence also suggests that the companies largely employ commissive statements and vague linguistic choices that signal a general lack of transparency on the practices and initiatives enacted to ensure customers’ and workers’ safety.
Building Sports Brand and Fan Relationships Through Social Media During Covid-19 Pandemic and Post Pandemic Era
Authors: Chowdhury Ehsanul Huda , Fjellström Daniella , Mancuso Giancarlo , Addo Richard Amankwah
Published: November 2024

This study aims to investigate the measures taken by professional hockey clubs in Sweden for building brand and relationship with fans through social media (SM) during the global pandemic Covid-19. The study followed an inductive approach and qualitative method. Data were collected from officials and fans of three well-known Swedish Hockey league (SHL) teams through semi-structured interviews. A content analysis was undertaken to analyze the collected responses from the club officials and fans. The findings provide insight on the actions taken by the clubs to build their brand and fan relationships through SM. The study provides a framework signifying the important factors that sports organizations need to focus on while building their brand and fan relationships during a global pandemic and in the post pandemic era.
THE CARE SCENARIO IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE FOR THE BLACK POPULATION
Authors: da Silva Victor Costa , da Silva Tuane Carla Moreira , Lucas Eduardo Alexander Júlio César Fonseca
Published: November 2024

This research aims to analyze inequalities in access to health care for the black population in Primary Health Care (PHC) in Brazil, highlighting the impact of structural and institutional racism on care practices. The overall objective is to analyze the current scenario of care and health promotion in primary care for the black population. The research methodology was a qualitative and descriptive literature review. The research shows that PHC, although it is the gateway to the Unified Health System (SUS), often fails to equitably meet the needs of the black population, resulting in worse health and quality of life indicators. The conclusion points out that it is urgent to implement inclusive public policies and anti-racist practices, in addition to promoting the continued training of health professionals with a focus on the specificities of the health of the black population. The active participation of this population in the formulation of policies and the encouragement of research on their health conditions are essential to promote comprehensive and equitable health.
The Impact of Cryptocurrency Markets on the Traditional Financial Markets of the USA, UK, and Germany
Authors: Pala Fahrettin
Published: November 2024

The acceleration of the globalization process and the structural changes in technology that emerged in the 2000s have affected financial markets. This interaction in the financial markets has made the emergence of new financial assets necessary. According to the ARDL boundary test results, there is no significant relationship between cryptocurrency markets and stock returns in both the long and short term for the UK financial markets. For the German financial markets, it has been determined that there is a significant and positive long-term relationship between the cryptocurrency market assets Bitcoin and Tether and stock market returns. In the short term, no significant relationship has been detected. For the long term in the U.S. financial markets, it has been determined that there is a significant and positive relationship between Bitcoin, a cryptocurrency market asset, and stock market returns, while there is no significant relationship between Ethereum and Tether with stock market returns. In the short term, no significant relationship has been detected. These findings offer significant implications for policymakers, investors, and market analysts.
Review on Fabrication of Compound Semiconductor-Based Flexible
Light-Emitting Devices and Displays
Authors: Choi Joonghoon , Kim Changsoo , Shao Guanning , Yang Won Kwang , Hong Young Joon
Published: November 2024

This article presents a review of research activities over past decades focused
on the fabrication of flexible light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and micro-LED
displays. LEDs exhibit excellent material characteristics, including high
radiative recombination rates, high carrier mobility, and ultra-long-term
stability. These features make LEDs promising candidates for not only the future
metaverse display but flexible display applications. However, the brittleness of
compound semiconductor thin films poses challenges for creating deformable LED
devices. Consequently, significant efforts have been dedicated to imparting
deformability to LED devices and displays. We initially discuss a display
prepared using a nanowire-assembly process, followed by a strategy involving
thin film LEDs for flexible device fabrication. Vertical nanowire LED arrays are
presented, along with a discussion of their advantages for flexible devices and
displays. Furthermore, we review the selective-area epitaxy of vertical nanowire
LED arrays. Finally, we briefly introduce the assembly methods of LEDs onto
backplane circuits, addressing several important issues, including the
misalignment of LED transfers onto backplane circuits. We conclude with personal
remarks on the challenges and future perspectives for research on flexible
micro-LED displays.
Fabrication and Characterization of High Mobility
In2O3 TFT
Authors: Lee Yedam , Kim Hyunsoo , Jo Hyerin , Oh Hongseok
Published: November 2024

We report fabrication of high-mobility In2O3 thin-film
transistors (TFTs) and their characterization. In2O3 thin
film was deposited by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering method and used as a
channel layer. Electrical characterizations revealed excellent performance of
the fabricated TFTs such as high ON current, large
Imax/Imin ratio, and
formation of good Ohmic junctions. Uniform transconductance was observed over
large range of gate bias. Especially, transmission line method was applied for
different gate overdrive bias Values to extract the effective gate lengths of
the fabricated TFTs. This analysis enables to accurately derive the field effect
mobility of the TFTs, where the maximum value was calculated to be 53.8
cm2/Vs.
Flexible Organic Ferroelectric Synaptic Transistors for Wearable
Neuromorphic Systems
Authors: Cho Jae-Yeong , Beak Chang-Jae , Lee Sin-Hyung
Published: November 2024

An organic ferroelectric synaptic transistor (OFST) is an excellent candidate for
use as an artificial synapse in wearable neuromorphic systems. In OFSTs,
polarization switching is achieved by electric stimuli, leading to the
modulation of channel conductance. To develop wearable neuromorphic systems
employing OFSTs, it is necessary to effectively emulate biological synaptic
functions in the devices by controlling dipole switching dynamics. In this
paper, the operating mechanisms for the OFSTs, and the organic ferroelectric
materials are first discussed. Recent researches for controlling the
polarization switching dynamics to emulate synaptic characteristics, including
synaptic plasticity, continuous synaptic weight, low operating voltage, and
multifunctional capability, are then reviewed. Lastly, future research
directions for achieving bio-realistic OFSTs for practical wearable electronics
are proposed.
Factors associated with general practitioner‐led diagnosis of long COVID: an observational study using electronic general practice data from Victoria and New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Kamalakkannan Abbish , Prgomet Mirela , Thomas Judith , Pearce Christopher , McGuire Precious , Mackintosh Fiona , Georgiou Andrew
Published: November 2024

Objectives

To investigate associations between sociodemographic factors, pre‐existing chronic comorbidities, and general practitioner‐led diagnosis of long COVID.

Design, setting, patients

We conducted a retrospective observational case–control study using de‐identified electronic general practice data, recorded between January 2020 and March 2023, from 869 general practice clinics across four primary health networks in Victoria and New South Wales.

Main outcome measures

Sociodemographic factors and pre‐existing chronic comorbidities associated with general practitioner‐led diagnosis of long COVID.

Results

A total of 1588 patients had a recorded general practitioner‐led long COVID diagnosis. Females exhibited a higher likelihood of general practitioner‐led long COVID diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.58; adjusted confidence interval [aCI], 1.35–1.85) compared with males. Patients aged 40–59 years had a higher likelihood of general practitioner‐led long COVID diagnosis (aOR, 1.68; aCI, 1.40–2.03) compared with patients aged 20–39 years. The diagnosis was more likely in patients of high socio‐economic status (aOR, 1.37; aCI, 1.05–1.79) compared with those of mid socio‐economic status. Mental health conditions (aOR, 2.69; aCI, 2.25–3.21), respiratory conditions (aOR, 2.25; aCI, 1.85–2.75), cancer (aOR, 1.64; aCI, 1.15–2.33) and musculoskeletal conditions (aOR, 1.50; aCI, 1.20–1.88) were all significantly associated with general practitioner‐led long COVID diagnosis.

Conclusions

Female sex, middle age, high socio‐economic status and pre‐existing comorbidities, including mental health conditions, respiratory conditions, cancer and musculoskeletal conditions, were associated with general practitioner‐led long COVID diagnosis among general practice patients. These factors largely parallel the emerging international evidence on long COVID and highlight the patient characteristics that practitioners should be cognisant of when patients present with symptoms of long COVID.
Persistent symptoms after COVID‐19: an Australian stratified random health survey on long COVID
Authors: Holmes Alex , Emerson Lance , Irving Louis B , Tippett Emma , Pullin Jeffrey M , Young Julie , Watters David A , Hamilton Adina
Published: November 2024

Objective

To determine the impact of persistent symptoms after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in an Australian population.

Design, setting, participants

We conducted a statewide health survey of a stratified random sample of adults who had had a confirmed acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection (COVID‐19‐positive group) and their close contacts (control group). The sample was drawn from Victoria's COVID‐19 database between January 2020 and October 2022. Data were collected from 12 688 survey respondents between September 2022 and April 2023 (11 174 in the COVID‐19‐positive group and 1514 in the control group).

Main outcome measures

Persistent new symptoms, recovery, and daily function using validated questionnaires for fatigue, neurocognitive symptoms, anxiety, depression and quality of life.

Results

At a mean of 12.6 months after infection, 4560 respondents in the COVID‐19‐positive group (39.1%; 95% CI, 37.9–40.3%) reported at least one persistent new symptom, compared with 216 respondents in the control group (20.8%; 95% CI, 18.5–23.1%). A total of 1656 respondents (14.2%; 95% CI, 13.4–15.0%) were classified as having clinical long COVID using the criteria of at least one persistent new symptom and less than 80% recovery three months after the infection. Of the respondents with clinical long COVID, 535 (3.2%; 95% CI, 2.6–3.8%) reported at least moderate problems with usual activities at 12 months after their infection. The proportion of respondents with clinical long COVID was lower for those with more recent infections. The risk factors for clinical long COVID were female sex, age 40–49 years, infection severity, chronic illness, and past anxiety or depression. Factors associated with a decreased risk of having clinical long COVID included infection when the Omicron strain was dominant and infection when the Delta strain was dominant, as compared with when the ancestral strain of the virus was dominant.

Conclusion

Persistent symptoms after COVID‐19 are common, though with a lower incidence following infection from less virulent strains. Although long COVID can be largely managed in primary care, a minority of people who have persistent symptoms and impaired function may require specialist care pathways, the effectiveness of which should be a focus of future research.
Sistema y fragmento
Authors: Mendoza Solís Emiliano José
Published: November 2024

El artículo aborda, a partir del primer romanticismo alemán (Frühromantik), la concepción de un fundamento teórico relativo a la toma de conciencia de una verdad conflictiva que se manifiesta históricamente. Este fundamento contrasta con el concepto de teoría de la ciencia moderna, y trata de recuperar algunos rasgos de la noción antigua (más allá de la dicotomía sujeto-objeto). Esto implica el reconocimiento de cierta performatividad de la teoría y con ello de la poética, que muestra la ineficacia de las concepciones empleadas en la Modernidad, y particularmente muestra las carencias del concepto de teoría literaria. Posteriormente analizamos el problema mediante la concepción de las poéticas especulativas del romanticismo, para lo cual se estudia la tensión entre el discurso fragmentario y la singular idea de sistema en el pensamiento romántico.
Conocimiento y memoria
Authors: Rodríguez Monsiváis Raúl Enrique
Published: November 2024

El objetivo central de este artículo consiste en argumentar a favor de la tesis de que es imposible o, al menos, excesivamente difícil evaluar creencias basadas en la memoria, especialmente cuando se justifican en los denominados recuerdos episódicos, lo que implica que las creencias basadas en la memoria episódica no pueden ser justificadas suficientemente para alcanzar el estatus de conocimiento.
Para lograr este objetivo expondré brevemente las diferencias y las relaciones que hay entre memoria, recuerdo, creencia y conocimiento (o saber). Posteriormente presentaré diversas formas en que ha sido entendida la memoria, así como algunas de las pruebas que han servido para medir la memoria ya que en función de estas se puede mantener que hay recuerdos falsos. Aunque estas pruebas son valiosas para los propósitos para las que fueron diseñadas, hay casos que se les escapan y estos tienen implicaciones epistemológicamente importantes, entre ellas que la memoria episódica no es una fuente confiable para justificar algunas de nuestras creencias y que estas cuenten como conocimiento.
The State of the Art in Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Reynolds Jemma , Ali Dallia , Njuguna James , Amadhe Frances
Published: November 2024

The global renewable energy mix is set to change even further with the increasing demand for hydrogen. Hydrogen production levels are dramatically increasing, and it is becoming prevalent that the storage of hydrogen gas is much more complex than natural gas. There are many different hydrogen storage options being investigated, trialed, and used within the energy industry. On-land storage of hydrogen uses compressed pressure vessels for gas, cryogenic storage for liquid hydrogen, and the blending of hydrogen into natural gas to be stored in current pipeline systems. Underground storage options are found in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs, deep aquifers, and salt caverns. The storage of hydrogen gas presents numerous challenges and opportunities as discussed in this paper, such as design and manufacturing, hydrogen embrittlement and behavior, structural integrity, standards and regulation, safety of high-pressure storage, subsea storage, and circular economy prospects in structural design. Various vessel compositions have been extensively explored to find the most suitable material combinations for pressure vessel designs, with Type IV being the most commonly used. However, significant opportunities remain to enhance vessel designs for more efficient hydrogen storage. Advancements could include improvements in storage efficiency, innovations in subsea and underground storage, and designs aligned with circular economy principles.