bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN KENAIKAN BERAT BADAN IBU YANG MENGGUNAKAN KB SUNTIK CYCLOFEM DAN DEPO MEDROKSI PROGESTERON ASETAT (DMPA) DI PUSKESMAS PASAR TERUSAN KABUPATEN BATANGHARI JAMBI
Authors: Mustopa Festy Ladyani
Published: November 2020

Latar Belakang: Kontrasepsi suntik terbagi menjadi dua yaitu KB suntik Cyclofem mengandung hormon estrogen dan progesteron yang diberikan setiap bulan dan KB suntik Depo Medroksi Progesteron Asetat (DMPA) mengandung hormon progesteron yang diberikan setiap 3 bulan. Kontrasepsi suntik memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan. Kelebihan dari kontrasepsi suntik diantaranya efektif, tidak mengganggu hubungan suami istri, tidak perlu menyimpan obat suntik. Kekurangan dari kontrasepsi suntik adalah adanya peningkatan berat badan 1-5 kg. Tujuan penelitian: Untuk mengetahui perbandingan kenaikan berat badan ibu yang menggunakan KB Suntik Cyclofem dan Depo Medroksi Progesteron Asetat (DMPA) di Puskesmas Pasar Terusan Kabupaten Batanghari Jambi.Metode Penelitian: Penelitian Survei Analitik, mengunakan analisa observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian ini adalah akseptor KB suntik Cyclofem dan Depo Medroksi Progesteron Asetat (DMPA) dengan masa penggunaan KB selama 1-2 tahun di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pasar Terusan Kabupaten Batanghari Jambi sebanyak 242 orang pada waktu dilakukan penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Analisis bivariat pada penelitian ini menggunakan t-test independent.Hasil Penelitian: Ada perbedaan kenaikan berat badan ibu yang menggunakan KB Suntik Cyclofem dan Depo Medroksi Progesteron Asetat (DMPA) di Puskesmas Pasar Terusan Kabupaten Batanghari Jambi dengan p-value = 0,001. Simpulan: Ada perbedaan kenaikan berat badan ibu yang menggunakan KB Suntik Cyclofem dan Depo Medroksi Progesteron Asetat (DMPA) di Puskesmas Pasar Terusan Kabupaten Batanghari Jambi
Diversity, Inclusion, and Social Justice in the Information Context
Authors: Raju Jaya
Published: November 2020

Editorial
The clinical role of the gut microbiome and fecal microbiota transplantation in allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Henig Israel , Yehudai-Ofir Dana , Zuckerman Tsila
Published: November 2020

Outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo- HSCT) have improved in the recent decade; however, infections and graft-versus-host disease remain two leading complications significantly contributing to early transplant-related mortality. In past years, the human intestinal microbial composition (microbiota) has been found to be associated with various disease states, including cancer, response to cancer immunotherapy and to modulate the gut innate and adaptive immune response. In the setting of allo-HSCT, the intestinal microbiota diversity and composition appear to have an impact on infection risk, mortality and overall survival. Microbial metabolites have been shown to contribute to the health and integrity of intestinal epithelial cells during inflammation, thus mitigating graft-versus-host disease in animal models. While the cause-andeffect relationship between the intestinal microbiota and transplant-associated complications has not yet been fully elucidated, the above findings have already resulted in the implementation of various interventions aiming to restore the intestinal microbiota diversity and composition. Among others, these interventions include the administration of fecal microbiota transplantation. The present review, based on published data, is intended to define the role of the latter approach in the setting of allo-HSCT.
Pathamorphological changes of cats pancreata under acute pancreatitis
Authors:   Polissia  National University, Horalskyi L. , Kovalchuk O. ,   Polissia  National University, Sokulskyi I. ,   Polissia  National University
Published: November 2020

From among a great number of digestive system diseases in domestic animals there is pancreatitis which is caused by an early zymogenesis in the acinar cells. The problem of studying the structural organization of a pancreata in sick cats is topical because of a progressive spreading of pancreatitis in domestic animals. Thus, the purpose of the research was to study out the morphological changes of cats pancreata under acute pancreatitis. Working with vertebrate animals we were guided by “European Convention for the Protection of Vertebtate Animals used for Experimental and other Scientific Purposes” (Strasbourg, 1986). The results of the histological examination of cats pancreata under acute pancreatitis show some pathological changes both in endocrine and exocrine pancreas. Such changes were manifested in necrosis of exocrine pancreatitis as well as in spreading and swelling of acinar space, that testified to the infancy of an inflammatory process. Some dystrophic changes, followed by karyolysis, were found in the focus of tissue nicrosis. Pancreatocyte cytoplasm was cloudy, its basal and apical zones were obscure, clearly defined interstitial tissue swelling was found between the particles and unequal swelling was found inside the particles. Intercellular space was exaggerated. Morphometrically in a group of sick animals was detected an increase in specific weihgt of stromal component (р<0,05),which equalled 22,44±0,24 %, in a control group it equalled 17,78±0,15 %. Some hemorrhage and distrophicvally changed hormone- active cells as well as nonregular distribution of cells were detected under a histological examination of Langerhans islets. In most islets the cells had swelled vacuolar cytoplasm. While analyzing the morphometric indices it was stated that the cats exocrine pancreas under acute pancreatitis was 1.12 as large and occupied 48258,05±135,07 mkm2, (97,88±0,05 %). The cats endocrine pancreas under this pathology occupied 6858,85±315,05 mkm2, (2,12±0,05 %). In cats of a control group this index equalled 6784,71±285,04 mkm2 (1,95±0,06 %). The diameter of sick cats acinus as well as of Langerhans islets equalled respectively 31,85±0,05 and 71,81±2,45 mkm, which reliably (р<0,001) was 1.13 and 1.15 as large. In clinically healhty cats these indices are 28,12±0,11; 70,20±2,48 mkm.
Comparative morphology of the spleen of birds of the families phasianidae and columbidae
Authors:   Zhytomyr College of Pharmacy, Horalskyi L. , Kolesnik N. ,   Polissia  National University, Sokulskyi I. ,   Polissia  National University, Horalska I. ,   Polissia National University
Published: November 2020

Morphological study of the phylogenetic direction allows to determine the ecological conditionality in the nature of the development of related forms and deepens their characteristics. The work aimed to study the spleen of birds of the Phasianidae family (chicken, quail) and Columbidae (pigeon). The histological preparations were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Their morphometry was performed for establishing the features of the morphological structure of the organ. The microscopic structure of the spleen in birds of the pheasant and pigeon classes was characterized by the presence of the same components: stroma and parenchyma. The musculoskeletal system consisted of trabeculae and capsules. The pulp was divided into white and red. However, each species of bird had its own histological and morphometric features. The pulpal trabeculae were found only in chickens. The capsular trabeculae were also present in quails and pigeons. A characteristic feature of the pigeon's spleen is the association of the connecting trabeculae with the vascular ones, in which a large number of vessels were located. The lymphoid tissue of the spleen of birds was predominantly structured. However, in the pigeon's spleen, there was also unformed lymphoid tissue of varying size of various shapes. The white pulp of birds consisted of lymphoid nodules and periarterial lymphoid sheaths. Additionally, ellipsoids were found in the white pulp of the hens' spleen, and they were almost non-existent in pigeons. In pigeons, lymphoid nodules were mainly located in the subcapsular zone of the spleen and often formed conglomerated structures by merging 3–6 nodules. The musculoskeletal system is best developed in pigeons (9 %). The relative area of white pulp is the largest in chickens (18.6 %), red pulp – in quail (82 %).In this work, we have taken the first step in elucidating the features of the morphology of the spleen of birds of different classes, for detailed analysis, our further research will focus on the study of morphophysiology of the spleen of birds in age and breed aspects.
The role of the brand in the enterprise sustainable development
Authors:   Polissia  National University, Savchenko N. , Sulimenko L. ,   Polissia  National University, Savchenko R. ,   Polissia  National University
Published: November 2020

In today's competitive environment, the brand is one of the main prerequisites for effective development of the enterprise, allows to ensure the fulfillment of social obligations to employees and society, identify products or enterprises, acts as a guarantor of product quality, forms a positive image of the business entity. This necessitates the study of theoretical and practical experience of the possibilities of using the brand to increase the competitiveness of the business entity. Another factor that determines the relevance of this study is the limited practical experience in brand management by domestic companies in the globalization of the economy. The goal of the research is to establish the role of branding in improving the efficiency of domestic enterprises. The key tasks include: outlining the characteristics of the enterprise sustainable development; determining the degree of the brand influence on the business entity effectiveness; consideration of the order of interrelation between branding and social responsibility in modern conditions of competition; proving the importance of brand identity, by detailed coordination of personalization. The research methods were: monographic, comparison, analysis and graphic. It is determined that the main prerequisite for sustainable development of domestic enterprises in the context of economic globalization, limited resources, technology development is the process of brand management. The brand will be one of the main competitive advantages of businesses in the future. Priority will be given to the demand, simplicity and "humanity" of the brand, rather than technology. It has been proven that in order to protect the reputation of its brand, a business must recognize that its success requires a holistic approach to promoting its product or service, including greater social responsibility. A company's reputation and corporate affiliation often affect an entity's ability to operate outside the country or to influence consumer behavior. Prospects for further research in this area are the application of a holistic approach to branding: from brand development to the implementation of marketing programs. It is advisable to study the impact of internal and external environment on the effectiveness of the brand.
Analysis of the formation of financial resources of enterprises in united territorial communities
Authors:   Polissia  National University, Davydchuk S. , Dema D. ,   Polissia  National University
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the formation of financial resources of enterprises in the united territorial communities of Ukraine. The purpose of the research is to reveal the essence of financial resources of enterprises and analyze their formation. To achieve this goal, theoretical and practical aspects of the formation of financial resources of enterprises operating in united territorial communities were studied. The research used an empirical method (for a comprehensive assessment of the formation of financial resources of enterprises that belong to United territorial communities), an analysis method (identified the main problems of ensuring proper financing of enterprises from the budget of United territorial communities), and an abstract-logical method (theoretically generalized and provided conclusions on the integration of agricultural enterprises with United territorial communities). The reasoning of the conclusions was based on a systematic approach, which provided a generalization of the theoretical provisions of the concept of rural development and the basic principles of decentralization, as well as an assessment of the interim results of the formation of united territorial communities in Ukraine. The advantages and potential risks of the impact of decentralization on the development of production enterprises in the united territorial communities of Ukraine are presented, which can be used to justify proposals for making adjustments to national plans for the formation of united territorial communities in order to further minimize the risks to the development of production enterprises. It is proved that the competitiveness of the agricultural sector depends directly on the management of financial resources. In turn, the availability of financial resources is a necessary condition for ensuring a continuous production process. The problems of formation and use of financial resources of agricultural enterprises in modern conditions are clarified. The indicators of economic development and investment attractiveness of the united territorial communities of Zhytomyr region in 2019 were analyzed and it was found that the communities have become able to Finance the resources of enterprises. The conclusion is made about the lack of proper state support for enterprises in the region. The main provisions set out in the article contain certain methodological and practical recommendations for the decentralization of power and its impact on the functioning and development of agricultural enterprises. In further research, attention should be paid to foreign experience in managing rural territories, united territorial communities for the implementation of public projects based on partnership between local authorities and businesses.
The influence of social entrepreneurship on the labor market
Authors:   Kharkiv National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Smachylo V. , Khalina V. ,   Kharkiv National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kolmakova O. ,   Kharkiv National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Ustilovska A. ,   Kharkiv National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Synilo O. ,   Kharkiv National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Published: November 2020

Entrepreneurship, in its diversity of types and forms, is the basis for the development of socio-economic systems, and its impact on the labor market is crucial - from general economic and employment to social stratification through income differentiation. At the same time, the impact of social entrepreneurship is certainly much broader and stronger than the development of small and medium-sized businesses. Its unique role is to form a significant share of GDP, provide employment, including socially exclusive segments of the population, and target a large set of community problems. These features require a study of the impact of social entrepreneurship on the labor market of Ukraine in terms of global goals of sustainable development, which is the purpose of this article. In the course of the research the authors relied on the theoretical and methodological basis of social entrepreneurship, laid by the works of domestic scientists, documents in the field of sustainable development, legal and strategic documents of Ukraine, official statistics and used methods of statistical analysis. The hierarchy of sustainable development goals and their relationship with social entrepreneurship and the labor market are studied. Social entrepreneurship is defined as a specific type of entrepreneurial activity, with a social purpose and mission, which is aimed at solving problems and obtaining social, economic, innovative effects and effects of sustainability and scale. The dual nature of social entrepreneurship is defined, which, on the one hand, is aimed at solving the problems of humanity by achieving the goals of sustainable development, and on the other hand - is one of the areas described in them and which requires support. It is pointed out that social entrepreneurship has a much broader impact on the labor market than ordinary entrepreneurship. A descriptive model of the impact of social entrepreneurship on the labor market is proposed, identifying three types of impacts that depend on the delay in time. Based on the model of influence and the results of statistical analysis, the key directions of social entrepreneurship development are proposed: youth entrepreneurship; entrepreneurship of persons of pre-retirement age; women's entrepreneurship; entrepreneurship of special categories of the population; entrepreneurship of labor re-emigrants. A promising area of further research is the development of a strategy for the development of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine, taking into account the needs of the labor market.
DEVELOPING WEB-BASED TEACHING MATERIALS ON THE SUBJECT OF SCHOOL CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Vidianti Ade , Wijaya DN Johan Eka
Published: November 2020

The development of science and technology has changed the elements in all fields, especially education. The learning patterns have also changed; one of which is using computer-based or internet / web-based learning, such as: E-learning, online courses, web-based education, and others. This paradigm shift sometimes requires lecturers to be more creative in delivering learning materials to students, especially, in this research, in the subject of school curriculum development. This aims to increase the effectiveness and flexibility of learning. In its implementation, the school curriculum development subject still ituilize printed teaching materials during the learning process. The purpose of this research was to develop web-based teaching materials for the subject of school curriculum development. This research applied research and development method with ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The development of web-based teaching materials in this research was assessed through the expert review stage with an accumulation of assessment results from media experts, design experts, linguists, and media experts. The result showed that the percentage of the expert review was 86%  very good category. Then, the percentage of the individual test (one to one) was 85% with very good category. After that, the percentage of small group test was 85% with very good category. Based on these results, it can be concluded that web-based teaching materials are feasible to be applied to in the subject of school curriculum development.
Cell-Based Therapy Manufacturing in Stirred Suspension Bioreactor: Thoughts for cGMP Compliance
Authors: Nath Suman C. , Harper Lane , Rancourt Derrick E.
Published: November 2020

Cell-based therapy (CBT) is attracting much attention to treat incurable diseases. In recent years, several clinical trials have been conducted using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), and other potential therapeutic cells. Various private- and government-funded organizations are investing in finding permanent cures for diseases that are difficult or expensive to treat over a lifespan, such as age-related macular degeneration, Parkinson’s disease, or diabetes, etc. Clinical-grade cell manufacturing requiring current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) has therefore become an important issue to make safe and effective CBT products. Current cell production practices are adopted from conventional antibody or protein production in the pharmaceutical industry, wherein cells are used as a vector to produce the desired products. With CBT, however, the “cells are the final products” and sensitive to physico- chemical parameters and storage conditions anywhere between isolation and patient administration. In addition, the manufacturing of cellular products involves multi-stage processing, including cell isolation, genetic modification, PSC derivation, expansion, differentiation, purification, characterization, cryopreservation, etc. Posing a high risk of product contamination, these can be time- and cost- prohibitive due to maintenance of cGMP. The growing demand of CBT needs integrated manufacturing systems that can provide a more simple and cost-effective platform. Here, we discuss the current methods and limitations of CBT, based upon experience with biologics production. We review current cell manufacturing integration, automation and provide an overview of some important considerations and best cGMP practices. Finally, we propose how multi-stage cell processing can be integrated into a single bioreactor, in order to develop streamlined cGMP-compliant cell processing systems.
Parallel Implementation of Large-Scale Linear Scaling Density Functional Theory Calculations With Numerical Atomic Orbitals in HONPAS
Authors: Luo Zhaolong , Qin Xinming , Wan Lingyun , Hu Wei , Yang Jinlong
Published: November 2020

Linear-scaling density functional theory (DFT) is an efficient method to describe the electronic structures of molecules, semiconductors, and insulators to avoid the high cubic-scaling cost in conventional DFT calculations. Here, we present a parallel implementation of linear-scaling density matrix trace correcting (TC) purification algorithm to solve the Kohn–Sham (KS) equations with the numerical atomic orbitals in the HONPAS package. Such a linear-scaling density matrix purification algorithm is based on the Kohn's nearsightedness principle, resulting in a sparse Hamiltonian matrix with localized basis sets in the DFT calculations. Therefore, sparse matrix multiplication is the most time-consuming step in the density matrix purification algorithm for linear-scaling DFT calculations. We propose to use the MPI_Allgather function for parallel programming to deal with the sparse matrix multiplication within the compressed sparse row (CSR) format, which can scale up to hundreds of processing cores on modern heterogeneous supercomputers. We demonstrate the computational accuracy and efficiency of this parallel density matrix purification algorithm by performing large-scale DFT calculations on boron nitrogen nanotubes containing tens of thousands of atoms.
Synthesis of 1-(2-Hydroxyphenyl) Dec-2-en-1-One Oxime and Its Flotation and Adsorption Behavior for Malachite
Authors: Li Liqing , Yang Lin , Li Fangxu
Published: November 2020

A novel collector of 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl) dec-2-en-1-one oxime (HPDO) was synthesized from 2-hydroxy acetophenone and octanal, and its flotation and adsorption behavior for malachite were studied by flotation tests and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The flotation results of a single mineral show HPDO is a special collector for malachite. Compared with benzohydroxamic acid (BHA), isobutyl xanthate (SIBX), and dodecylamine (DA), HPDO exhibits excellent flotation performance for malachite and satisfied selectivity against quartz and calcite over a wide pH range. The HPDO with a concentration of 200 mg/L can float 94% malachite at pH 8, while only recovering 7.8% quartz and 28% calcite. XPS data give clear evidence for the formation of a Cu-oxime complex on malachite surfaces after HPDO adsorption.
Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: The Role of Printing Media in Asian Countries
Authors: Parvin Gulsan Ara , Ahsan Reazul , Rahman Md. Habibur , Abedin Md. Anwarul
Published: November 2020

During all critical incidents, the media frame our understanding and create powerful forces at both individual and societal levels. The mental health of readers and viewers can also be affected by the media after tragic events. Potentially, the media have a proactive role in shaping the actions of the mass population and thereby influencing policy actions. The print media especially are considered a key avenue for taking information to the masses. However, in this information and communications technology (ICT) era, people are increasingly reluctant to carry hard-copy newspapers, instead preferring e-newspapers. At the present time, entire newspapers, and especially their opinion sections, are deluged by concerns about the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. After China and Japan first encountered COVID-19, other Asian countries began their COVID-19 fight at different times between January and March 2020. All affected countries sought to manage the pandemic in their own way, following lessons learned from China and Japan. Every form of media in affected countries highlighted concerns by presenting news, perceptions, and opinions related to the pandemic. With opinion sections and editorials, the key sections of e-newspapers to reflect experts' perceptions and thoughts, this study aims to examine experts' views in the e-newspapers of five different countries in Asia, in relation to China and Japan. Considering the diversity of socioeconomic and geopolitical settings, five countries—South Korea, Singapore, Iran, India, and Bangladesh—are selected, each represented by one leading English-language e-newspaper. This study explores how experts' perceptions in the studied countries present different aspects of life. It also examines which e-newspaper emphasized which aspect of life and in which period of the outbreak. By intensive text mining in each selected e-newspaper, the study found that experts' opinions addressed diverse issues with regard to COVID-19. These issues are grouped under the following eight categories: health and drugs, preparedness and awareness, social welfare and humanity, the economy, governance and institutions, politics, the environment and wildlife, and innovation and technology. This pioneering study of five different e-newspapers in Asian countries from January to March 2020 presents a similar picture of experts' concerns and their roles in shaping responses to health crises; thus, it plays a role in contributing to policy actions.
Techno-Economic Assessment of Demand-Driven Small-Scale Green Hydrogen Production for Low Carbon Agriculture in Sweden
Authors: Janke Leandro , McDonagh Shane , Weinrich Sören , Nilsson Daniel , Hansson Per-Anders , Nordberg Åke
Published: November 2020

Wind power coupled to hydrogen (H2) production is an interesting strategy to reduce power curtailment and to provide clean fuel for decarbonizing agricultural activities. However, such implementation is challenging for several reasons, including uncertainties in wind power availability, seasonalities in agricultural fuel demand, capital-intensive gas storage systems, and high specific investment costs of small-scale electrolysers. To investigate whether on-site H2 production could be a feasible alternative to conventional diesel farming, a model was built for dynamic simulations of H2 production from wind power driven by the fuel demand of a cereal farm located on the island of Gotland, Sweden. Different cases and technological scenarios were considered to assess the effects of future developments, H2 end-use, as well as production scale on the levelised- and farmers’ equivalent annual costs. In a single-farm application, H2 production costs varied between 21.20–14.82 €/kg. By sharing a power-to-H2 facility among four different farms of 300-ha each, the specific investment costs could be significantly decreased, resulting in 28% lower H2 production costs than when facilities are not shared. By including delivery vans as additional H2 consumers in each farm, costs of H2 production decreased by 35% due to the higher production scale and more distributed demand. However, in all cases and technological scenarios assessed, projected diesel price in retailers was cheaper than H2. Nevertheless, revenues from leasing the land to wind power developers could make H2 a more attractive option even in single-farm applications as early as 2020. Without such revenues, H2 is more competitive than diesel where power-to-H2 plants are shared by at least two farms, if technological developments predicted for 2030 come true. Also, out of 20 different cases assessed, nine of them showed a carbon abatement cost lower than the current carbon tax in Sweden of 110 €/tCO2, which demonstrate the potential of power-to-H2 as an effective strategy to decarbonize agricultural systems.
Impact of Solvation on the Structure and Reactivity of the Co3O4 (001)/H2O Interface: Insights From Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Kox T. , Spohr E. , Kenmoe S.
Published: November 2020

The spinel Co3O4 has many beneficial properties for potential use in catalysis. In operando, water is always present and alters the properties of the catalyst. We have used ab initio molecular dynamics to understand the effect of water and solvation on the structure and reactivity of the Co3O4 (001) A-type and B-type surface terminations. Water adsorbs on both terminations via a partial dissociative mode, and the A-termination is seen to be more reactive. On this surface, a higher degree of dissociation is observed in the topmost layers of the crystal in contact with water. Water dissociates more frequently on the Co2+ sites (about 75%) than on the adjacent Co3+ sites, where the degree of dissociation is about 50%. Increasing water coverage does not change the degree of water dissociation significantly. OH− adsorption on the Co2+ sites leads to a reduction of the amount of reconstruction and relaxation of the surface relative to the clean surface at room temperature. Proton transfer within the water films and between water molecules and surface has localized character. The B-terminated interface is less dynamic, and water forms epitactic layers on top of the Co3+ sites, with a dissociation degree of about 25% in the contact layer.
Mathematical Modeling and Optimization Studies by Artificial Neural Network, Genetic Algorithm and Response Surface Methodology: A Case of Ferric Sulfate–Catalyzed Esterification of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Seed Oil
Authors: Okpalaeke Kelechi E. , Ibrahim Taiwo H. , Latinwo Lekan M. , Betiku Eriola
Published: November 2020

High free fatty acids (FFA) content in oils poses challenges such as soap formation and difficulty in the separation of by-products in direct transesterification of oil to biodiesel, which is of environmental concern and also increases the cost of production. Thus, in this study, the ferric sulfate-catalyzed esterification of neem seed oil (NSO) with an FFA of 5.84% was investigated to reduce it to the recommended level of ≤1%. The esterification process for the NSO was modeled using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). The effect of the pertinent process input variablesviz.methanol/NSO molar ratio (10:1–30:1), ferric sulfate dosage (2–6 wt%), and reaction time (30–90 min) and their interactions on the reduction of the FFA of the NSO, were examined using Box Behnken design. The optimal condition for the process for reducing the FFA content of the oil was established using RSM and ANN-genetic algorithm (ANN-GA). The results showed that the models developed described the process accurately with the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9656 and 0.9908 and the mean relative percent deviation (MRPD) of 6.5 and 2.9% for RSM and ANN, respectively. The ANN-GA established the optimum reduction of FFA of 0.58% with methanol/NSO molar ratio of 18.51, ferric sulfate dosage of 6 wt%, and reaction time of 62.8 min as against the corresponding values of 0.62% FFA, 23.5, 5.03, and 75 min established by the RSM. Based on the statistics considered in the study, ANN and GA outperformed RSM in modeling and optimization of the NSO esterification process.
Research Into Practice: Gray Partridge (Perdix perdix) Restoration in Southern England
Authors: Ewald Julie A. , Sotherton N. W. , Aebischer Nicholas J.
Published: November 2020

The gray partridgePerdix perdixwas once a common breeding bird in Britain and a traditional quarry species. Its numbers have declined by over 90% over the last 50 years, and there have been similar declines across Europe. Since 1968 the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust (GWCT) has undertaken research on this decline and identified three main reasons for it in Britain: disappearance of nesting habitat, reduction in area of brood-rearing habitat and increased pressure from predators. A nature-sparing mindset is not compatible with the conservation of a once-widespread species of farmed land such as the gray partridge, which requires a nature-sharing viewpoint. A gray partridge recovery program had to be tailored toward farmers and their advisors, requiring scientifically proven, costed, pragmatic and simple solutions. The difficulty is in convincing farmers and land managers to take up the challenge, adopt the conservation package and reverse the decline of this species. An important means of addressing this is providing demonstration sites where farmers can go to see how appropriate and practical management leads to successful restoration of gray partridge numbers. We provide two detailed examples of demonstrations in the United Kingdom, concentrating on gray partridge abundance and demography, but also considering the consequences for wider farmland biodiversity. At both demonstration sites the abundance of gray partridges was restored to abundances approaching those of 50 years ago (an average, over 10 years, of 11.3 spring pairs/km2on one site and 13.2 pairs/km2on the other). Obstacles to a more widespread adoption of the package among United Kingdom farmers are discussed as are signposts on how these are being addressed, both in United Kingdom and in Europe.
Rapid Adaptation to Temperature via a Potential Genomic Island of Divergence in the Invasive Green Crab, Carcinus maenas
Authors: Tepolt Carolyn K. , Palumbi Stephen R.
Published: November 2020

Widespread species often adapt easily to novel conditions – both those found in new habitats and those generated by climate change. However, rapid adaptation may be hindered in the marine realm, where long-distance dispersal and consequently high gene flow are predicted to limit potential for local adaptation. Here, we use a highly dispersive invasive marine crab to test the nature and speed of adaptation to temperature in the sea. Using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) generated from cardiac transcriptome sequencing, we characterized six populations of the European green crab (Carcinus maenas) located across parallel thermal gradients in their native and invasive ranges. We compared SNP frequencies with local temperatures and previously generated data on cardiac heat and cold tolerance to identify candidate markers associated with population-level differences in thermal physiology. Of 10,790 SNPs, 104 were identified as frequency outliers, a signal that was strongly driven by association with temperature and/or cold tolerance. Seventy-two of these outlier markers, representing 28 different genes, were in a cluster of SNPs identified as a potential inversion polymorphism using linkage disequilibrium network analysis. This SNP cluster was unique in the data set, which was otherwise characterized by low levels of linkage disequilibrium, and markers in this cluster showed a significant enrichment of coding substitutions relative to the full SNP set. These 72 outlier SNPs appear to be transmitted as a unit, and represent a putative genomic island of divergence which varied in frequency with organismal cold tolerance. This relationship was strikingly similar across both native and invasive populations, all of which showed a very strong correlation with cold tolerance (R2 = 0.96 over all six populations). Notably, three of these populations have diverged recently (<100 years) and show little to no neutral divergence, suggesting that this genomic region may be responding to temperature on a relatively short time scale. This relationship indicates adaptation to temperature based on the action of a putative genomic island of divergence, perhaps partially explaining the extraordinary invasive ability of this species.
Identification and Characterization of circRNA in Longissimus Dorsi of Different Breeds of Cattle
Authors: Liu Ruili , Liu Xianxun , Bai Xuejin , Xiao Chaozhu , Dong Yajuan
Published: November 2020

Shandong black cattle is a new breed of cattle that is developed by applying modern biotechnology, such as somatic cloning, and conventional breeding methods to Luxi cattle. It is very important to study the function and regulatory mechanism of circRNAs in muscle differentiation among different breeds to improve meat quality and meat production performance and to provide new ideas for beef cattle meat quality improvements and new breed development. Therefore, the goal of this study was to sequence and identify circRNAs in muscle tissues of different breeds of cattle. We used RNA-seq to identify circRNAs in the muscles of two breeds of cattle (Shandong black and Luxi). We identified 14,640 circRNAs and found 655 differentially expressed circRNAs. We also analyzed the classification and characteristics of circRNAs in muscle tissue. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were used on the parental genes of circRNAs. They were mainly involved in a variety of biological processes, such as muscle fiber development, smooth muscle cell proliferation, bone system morphogenesis, tight junctions and the MAPK, AMPK, and mTOR signaling pathways. In addition, we used miRanda to predict the interactions between 14 circRNAs and 11 miRNAs. Based on the above assays, we identified circRNAs (circ0001048, circ0001103, circ0001159, circ0003719, circ0003424, circ0003721, circ0003720, circ0001519, circ0001530, circ0005011, circ0014518, circ0000181, circ0000190, circ0010558) that may play important roles in the regulation of muscle growth and development. Using real-time quantitative PCR, 14 circRNAs were randomly selected to verify the real circRNAs. Luciferase reporter gene system was used to verify the binding site of miR-1 in circ0014518. Our results provide more information about circRNAs regulating muscle development in different breeds of cattle and lay a solid foundation for future experiments.
Mineralization of the Callorhinchus Vertebral Column (Holocephali; Chondrichthyes)
Authors: Pears Jacob B. , Johanson Zerina , Trinajstic Kate , Dean Mason N. , Boisvert Catherine A.
Published: November 2020

Members of the Chondrichthyes (Elasmobranchii and Holocephali) are distinguished by their largely cartilaginous endoskeletons, which comprise an uncalcified core overlain by a mineralized layer; in the Elasmobranchii (sharks, skates, rays) most of this mineralization takes the form of calcified polygonal tiles known as tesserae. In recent years, these skeletal tissues have been described in ever increasing detail in sharks and rays, but those of Holocephali (chimaeroids) have been less well-studied, with conflicting accounts as to whether or not tesserae are present. During embryonic ontogeny in holocephalans, cervical vertebrae fuse to form a structure called the synarcual. The synarcual mineralizes early and progressively, anteroposteriorly and dorsoventrally, and therefore presents a good skeletal structure in which to observe mineralized tissues in this group. Here, we describe the development and mineralization of the synarcual in an adult and stage 36 elephant shark embryo (Callorhinchus milii). Small, discrete, but irregular blocks of cortical mineralization are present in stage 36, similar to what has been described recently in embryos of other chimaeroid taxa such asHydrolagus, while inCallorhinchusadults, the blocks of mineralization are more irregular, but remain small. This differs from fossil members of the holocephalan crown group (Edaphodon), as well as from stem group holocephalans (e.g., Symmorida,Helodus, Iniopterygiformes), where tesserae are notably larger than inCallorhinchusand show similarities to elasmobranch tesserae, for example with respect to polygonal shape.
RNF183 Is a Prognostic Biomarker and Correlates With Tumor Purity, Immune Infiltrates in Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: Geng Rong , Zheng Yuhua , Zhao Lijie , Huang Xiaobin , Qiang Rong , Zhang Rujian , Guo Xiaoling , Li Ruiman
Published: November 2020

RNF183, a member of the E3 ubiquitin ligase, has been shown to involve in carcinogenesis and proposed as one of the biomarkers in Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma (UCEC). However, no research focused on the role of RNF183 in UCEC. We analyzed the expression and immune infiltration of RNF183 in UCEC. TIMER, UALCAN, and GEPIA were used to analyze the gene expression of RNF183. We emplored Kaplan-Meier Plotter to examine the overall survival and progression-free survival of RNF183, and applied GeneMANIA to identify RNF183-related functional networks. LinkedOmics was helpful to identify the differential gene expression of RNF183, and to further analyze gene ontology and the genome pathways in the Kyoto Protocol. Finally, we used TIMER to investigate the immune infiltration of RNF183 in UCEC. Otherwise, we partly verified the results of bioinformatics analysis that RNF183 controlled ERα expression in ERα-positive Ishikawa cells dependent on its RING finger domain. We also found that ERα increased the stability of RNF183 through the post-translational mechanism. Together, patients with a high level of RNF183 harbor favorable overall and progression-free survival. High expression of RNF183 was associated with a low stage, endometrioid, and TP53 Non-Mutant status in endometrial cancer. The RNF183 expression was greater at higher expression and the tumor stage was greater at the lower level. On the side of immunization, high level of RNF183 in UCEC is negatively related to tumor purity, infiltrating levels of CD4 + T cells, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. Besides, the expression of RNF183 in UCEC is significantly correlated with the expression of several immune cell markers, including B cell, M1 macrophage marker, M2 Macrophage, Dendritic cell, Th1 markers, Th2 markers, Treg markers, and T cell exhaustion markers, indicating its role in regulating tumor immunity. These results suggested that RNF183 may be considered as a novel prognostic factor in endometrial cancer and an early diagnostic indicator for patients with UCEC.
Occupational Stress, Burnout, and Depression in Women in Healthcare During COVID-19 Pandemic: Rapid Scoping Review
Authors: Sriharan Abi , Ratnapalan Savithiri , Tricco Andrea C. , Lupea Doina , Ayala Ana Patricia , Pang Hilary , Lee Dongjoo Daniel
Published: November 2020

Objectives: The overall objectives of this rapid scoping review are to (a) identify the common triggers of stress, burnout, and depression faced by women in health care during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (b) explore individual-, organizational-, and systems-level interventions that can support the well-being of women HCWs during a pandemic.

Design: This scoping review is registered on Open Science Framework (OSF) and was guided by the JBI guide to scoping reviews and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) extension to scoping reviews. A systematic search of literature databases (Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycInfo and ERIC) was conducted from inception until June 12, 2020. Two reviewers independently assessed full-text articles according to predefined criteria.

Interventions: We included review articles and primary studies that reported on stress, burnout, and depression in HCWs; that primarily focused on women; and that included the percentage or number of women included. All English language studies from any geographical setting where COVID-19 has affected the population were reviewed.

Primary and secondary outcome measures: Studies reporting on mental health outcomes (e.g., stress, burnout, and depression in HCWs), interventions to support mental health well-being were included.

Results: Of the 2,803 papers found, 28 were included. The triggers of stress, burnout and depression are grouped under individual-, organizational-, and systems-level factors. There is a limited amount of evidence on effective interventions that prevents anxiety, stress, burnout and depression during a pandemic.

Conclusions: Our preliminary findings show that women HCWs are at increased risk for stress, burnout, and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. These negative outcomes are triggered by individual level factors such as lack of social support; family status; organizational factors such as access to personal protective equipment or high workload; and systems-level factors such as prevalence of COVID-19, rapidly changing public health guidelines, and a lack of recognition at work.
Role of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Plasticity and Interactions in Vessel Wall Inflammation
Authors: Sorokin Vitaly , Vickneson Keeran , Kofidis Theo , Woo Chin Cheng , Lin Xiao Yun , Foo Roger , Shanahan Catherine M.
Published: November 2020

The pathobiology of atherosclerotic disease requires further elucidation to discover new approaches to address its high morbidity and mortality. To date, over 17 million cardiovascular-related deaths have been reported annually, despite a multitude of surgical and nonsurgical interventions and advances in medical therapy. Existing strategies to prevent disease progression mainly focus on management of risk factors, such as hypercholesterolemia. Even with optimum current medical therapy, recurrent cardiovascular events are not uncommon in patients with atherosclerosis, and their incidence can reach 10–15% per year. Although treatments targeting inflammation are under investigation and continue to evolve, clinical breakthroughs are possible only if we deepen our understanding of vessel wall pathobiology. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are one of the most abundant cells in vessel walls and have emerged as key players in disease progression. New technologies, includingin situhybridization proximity ligation assays,in vivocell fate tracing with the CreERT2-loxP system and single-cell sequencing technology with spatial resolution, broaden our understanding of the complex biology of these intriguing cells. Our knowledge of contractile and synthetic VSMC phenotype switching has expanded to include macrophage-like and even osteoblast-like VSMC phenotypes. An increasing body of data suggests that VSMCs have remarkable plasticity and play a key role in cell-to-cell crosstalk with endothelial cells and immune cells during the complex process of inflammation. These are cells that sense, interact with and influence the behavior of other cellular components of the vessel wall. It is now more obvious that VSMC plasticity and the ability to perform nonprofessional phagocytic functions are key phenomena maintaining the inflammatory state and senescent condition and actively interacting with different immune competent cells.
Development of an Algorithm for Chemically Dispersed Oil Spills
Authors: Fingas Merv F. , Yetilmezsoy Kaan , Bahramian Majid
Published: November 2020

An algorithm utilizing four basic processes was described for chemical oil spill dispersion. Initial dispersion was calculated using a modified Delvigne equation adjusted to chemical dispersion, then the dispersion was distributed over the mixing depth, as predicted by the wave height. Then the droplets rise to the surface according to Stokes’ law. Oil on the surface, from the rising oil and that undispersed, is re-dispersed. The droplets in the water column are subject to coalescence as governed by the Smoluchowski equation. A loss is invoked to account for the production of small droplets that rise slowly and are not re-integrated with the main surface slick. The droplets become less dispersible as time proceeds because of increased viscosity through weathering, and by increased droplet size by coalescence. These droplets rise faster as time progresses because of the increased size. Closed form solutions were provided to allow practical limits of dispersibility given inputs of oil viscosity and wind speed. Discrete solutions were given to calculate the amount of oil in the water column at specified points of time. Regression equations were provided to estimate oil in the water column at a given time with the wind speed and oil viscosity. The models indicated that the most important factor related to the amount of dispersion, was the mixing depth of the sea as predicted from wind speed. The second most important factor was the viscosity of the starting oil. The algorithm predicted the maximum viscosity that would be dispersed given wind conditions. Simplified prediction equations were created using regression.