bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Definition of the geological structure of deposits of Tyumen suite based on the results of tectonic-sedimentary analysis of the eastern part of the Krasnoleninsky arch of Western Siberia
Authors: Bembel S. R. , Bembel R. M. , Rogozhneva V. O.
Published: January 2023

We present in this article results of an analysis of materials of a complex of geological and geophysical studies, including a description of the core data, facies' characteristics, tectonic features of the evolution of the territory, field development geophysical data. The initial materials for the research were the drilling data and the results of seismic surveys, as well as publications of geologists and geophysicists dealing with the problem of finding ways to increase the efficiency of the development of hard-to-recover reserves of Tyumen suite. The research area is confined to the eastern slope of the Krasnoleninsky arch of Western Siberia, within which several oil fields of various sizes have been identified that are now being actively development.Based on the work carried out on the group of layers of Tyumen suite, areas of distribution of lithofacies of fine-medium-grained and multi-grained sandstones within the forecast area of development of channels and cones of deltas and facies of channel valleys were identified, taking into account the structural factor and isopach maps. The transverse dimensions of the boundaries of the development of riverbed valleys with a very complex configuration range from 0.5 to 2.5 km. The predicted effective sandstone thicknesses of individual strata in areas with improved filtration and capacitive properties reach 12-14 m.The analysis of the geological structure of the deposits of Tyumen suite will serve as an information basis for creating the molds of reliable geological model, based on which, with the help of digital modeling, an assessment of the prospects for further work on the object under study and the search for the necessary methods for its development will be
The Nineteenth Century
Authors: Haynes Christine
Published: January 2023

In a self-reflective introduction to what was, sadly, his last publication, an essay collection, John Merriman lamented that the nineteenth century has been forgotten among historians of France. Noting the absence of books on this period in the Fnac bookstore at Les Halles in Paris, he wrote the following:

In thinking about French history from 1815 to the present, one thing now seems perfectly clear to me. As time moves relentlessly along, the century between 1815 and World War I is in some ways far less visible than it was when I became a historian.…For years the shelves [of such bookstores] had been organized chronologically: the French Revolution and Napoleon, then the nineteenth century, subdivided, and then the Great War. But the sections now jumped from Napoleon to the Great War! What had happened to the long nineteenth century? (What happened to my books?)…The revolutions of 1830 and 1848, which had so engaged folks like me for quite some time, seemed to have had their day.
STARTUP’S BOOM IN SOUTHEAST ASIA IN 2021
Authors:   IMEMO RAS, Russia, Moscow, ROGOZHIN Aleksandr A.
Published: January 2023

In 2021, startups from Southeast Asia attracted record funding of $25.7 billion, which is more than double the level of 2020, as rich global investors sought to exploit the region's potential in the face of accelerated digitalization caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Since private and venture capital companies are looking for investment opportunities to place the capital they have attracted over the past year, this "gold rush" in Southeast Asia will continue in 2022, which will give further impetus to the growth of the startup ecosystem of the region.
MALAYSIA AND INDIA: THE KASHMIR ISSUE
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of sciences (MOSCOW), KOCHETKOVA Ekaterina V.
Published: January 2023

The article examines the history of the Kashmir problem, its impact on the development of relations between Malaysia and India, the history of the emergence of the Indian community in Malaysia, ways to resolve the conflict.
SOUTH PACIFIC REGION IN THE PAST AND THE PRESENT: HISTORY, POLITICS, ECONOMY, CULTURE
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of sciences (MOSCOW), PANARINA Daria S.
Published: January 2023

The article provides an overview of the 43th scientific inter-institutional conference with the participation of foreign speakers, dedicated to the study of the South Pacific Region in the past and the present, its history, politics, economy and culture, which was held in an online format at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences on November 9, 2022. The conference was organized by the Center for Southeast Asia, Australia and Oceania Studies, Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences.
CHINA – SOUTHEAST ASIA: FEATURES OF CROSS-BORDER TRADE IN COUNTERFEIT GOODS
Authors:   IMEMO RAS, Russia, Moscow, ROGOZHIN Aleksandr A.
Published: January 2023

Over the past five years, economic cooperation between China and Southeast Asia has continued to show steady growth. In 2020, the region became China's largest trading partner, surpassing the EU for the first time. In 2021, it retained its leadership in terms of trade operations with China. The growth of Internet penetration and e-commerce has led to a significant increase in the share of counterfeit trade between the PRC and the countries of the region the volume of the flow of counterfeit goods from China to Southeast Asia is now approximately $35 billion. This causes significant damage to Southeast Asian countries, where local enterprises and investors bear considerable losses from this activity.
PROSPECTS OF INDIAN ARMS EXPORTS TO THE COUNTRIES OF SOUTHEAST ASIA
Authors:   Hindex Solutions, St. Petersburg, Russia, IGNATOV Vladislav A.
Published: January 2023

The article deals with current and potential exports of the Indian defense industry to the countries of Southeast Asia. The principle purpose of this article is to conduct a critical assessment and a detail study of possible future arms exports of Republic India to the countries of Southeast Asia. Thereupon, in this article we briefly review Indian foreign policy towards the countries of the region and assess features of the arms market of Southeast Asia as well as the existing military-technical equipment of the countries of Southeast Asia. Besides that, a number of Indian-made products approved for export is considered, and its comparative analysis with the main competitors is done. It should be noted that this study focuses on those products that are created by the enterprises of the public sector of the military-industrial complex of the Republic of India. In addition, special attention is paid not only to the most popular products in the form of aircraft, but also to those having a high potential for export specifically to Southeast Asia.
AUSTRALIA'S AND PACIFIC ISLAND COUNTRIES' REACTION TO THE RUSSIAN SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of sciences (MOSCOW), GARIN Artyom A.
Published: January 2023

President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin announced the launch of a Special Military Operation (SMO) in Ukraine on February 24, 2022. It was a turning point for the entire world order and reverberated in many areas of the globe. The Asia-Pacific was also no exception. While the United States and its allies tried to impose a negative attitude to Russia's actions on the world, the reaction of the Asia-Pacific countries was more restrained. On this background, it seems necessary to analyze the perception of situation in the South Pacific, the traditional leader of which — Australia — largely adheres to the U.S. foreign policy vector, while among the Pacific Island Countries there's a growing demand for a more sovereign course. The analysis of the reaction of regional actors to the SMO requires a comprehensive approach, which is why the author analyzed the current situation in political, economic and social dimen-sions.
VIETNAM IN RUSSIAN AND SOVIET LITERATURE: HISTORICAL AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW (1910s - 2010s). PART 2.
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of sciences (MOSCOW), SOKOLOV Anatoly A.
Published: January 2023

The article chronologically analyzes the works of Russian and Soviet literature published in our country over the last century. The review includes prose, poetry and drama works that belong to different generations of domestic authors, both published in separate editions, and printed in collections, literary magazines, online publications. Separate historical periods reflecting features of the Soviet/Russian-Vietnamese relations and creative contacts between writers of two countries are allocated.
Concept of Operations as a Boundary Object for Knowledge Sharing in the Design of Robotic Swarms
Authors: Laarni Jari , Koskinen Hanna , Väätänen Antti
Published: January 2023

Designing a swarm of autonomous robots for commercial, military, or other purposes is a challenging engineering and human factors design effort. The challenges argue in favor of practices and tools for better integration of different engineering disciplines and for the advancement of communication between stakeholders with different interests. The Concept of Operations (ConOps) approach is widely used in Systems Engineering for this purpose. A ConOps is a high-level description of how the elements of a system and entities in its environment interact in order to achieve their stated goals. This paper will present the development of a ConOps for a swarm of autonomous robotic vehicles in the military domain to demonstrate how autonomic robotic swarms can be deployed in different military branches in the future. The proposed ConOps can be considered as a boundary object in the design, validation, or procurement of an autonomous robotic swarm system. We also propose that the ConOps should be maintained throughout the system life-cycle as an overview description and definition of overall goals and policies.
Deep Learning-based Attack Detector for Bilateral Teleoperation Systems
Authors: Al-Wajih Yousif Ahmed , Hamdan Mutaz M. , Mohaya Turki Bin , Mahmoud Magdi S. , Al-Yazidi Nezar M.
Published: January 2023

A teleoperation system is referred to as a plant that is controlled remotely, and it is often composed of a human operator, a local master manipulator, and a remote slave manipulator, all connected by a communication network. Bilateral teleoperation systems (BTOS) include transmissions in both the forward and backward directions between the master and slave. This paper discusses a class of (BTOS) focusing on the security of the system after modeling the master and slave robots mathematically. The false data injection attack is examined, where the attacker may inject false data into the states that are being exchanged between the master and slave robots. The vulnerability of BTOS, where the attack destabilizes the system, is presented. A deep learning-based detection technique is proposed to detect the presence of false data injection attacks. The deep learning model with convolution neural network structure is trained and tested with considering complex attacks where the attacker has full knowledge of the system and proficiency to emanate and control the target system. The proposed model achieves 96\% validation accuracy, and the efficacy of the proposed deep learning detector is demonstrated and tested into the BTOS.
RCWS Control System Design Based on Raspberry Pi
Authors: Danu Aswin , Maajid Lukman , Kasiyanto Kasiyanto
Published: January 2023

The Raspberry Pi was used in Control system projects, this project is intended to realize a system, i.e., the Raspberry Pi-based RCWS control system, where the RCWS movement uses a DC motor therefore, that it will make it easier for shooters to reach their targets.Thus, the shooter can determine the position of the weapon that will be used at a distance from the shooter's position by using the smartphone screen to monitor the target or target to be shot. The test results show that [1] Raspberry Pi can be used to control RCWS to move towards elevation and azimuth angles when determining the target determined via a web browser, where the voltage generated by the GPIO pin is in a low condition of 0.5mV whilein high conditions it is equal to 3,282V.
PROTOTYPE MONITORING ELECTRICITY SYSTEM 220V OF WIND POWER PLANT (PLTB) BASED ON THE INTERNET OF THINGS
Authors: Hermanto Yuli
Published: January 2023

Abstract - Electrical energy is a human daily need that cannot be separated, even the need for electrical energy has increased every year. This is evident from the construction of renewable energy plants in areas with potential. In this thesis, a control and monitoring system for a vertical turbine wind power plant prototype will be made using the internet based on IoT (Internet of Things) technology. Where the IoT technology here, the author uses the Thingspeak and Blynk applications which are used to monitor the electrical energy output from the wind power plant (PLTB) and the output from the 220V inverter. The purpose of using IOT technology is to make it easier to monitor and control the voltage, current and output power of wind power plants from anywhere and anytime via the internet. For the manufacture of this tool in need of a voltage sensor, current sensor, relay, LCD and NodeMCU. The voltage sensor uses PZEM 004T which functions to read the value of voltage, current, cos phi and frequency, relay1 serves to limit the output voltage from the dynamo generator and relay2 to limit the output voltage to 220V in case of equipment problems, NodeMCU functions to process data read from the sensor, this NodeMCU already equipped with a WIFI module that functions to send data to an internet server so that it can be controlled and monitored anywhere and anytime. The results of the tests carried out measurements for 2 hours on the load of the iron, fan, television, 1 phase AC motor, soldering iron, dispenser, laptop charger, incandescent lamp, and refrigerator using the 004T PZEM sensor resulted in an error of 0.28% - 0.3%.
Decision Support System of Students Recruitment as Teacher Candidates using Multilevel Multi Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT)
Authors: Wahid Abdul , Muharram Muharram , A. Rauf Bakhrani , Agung Muhammad , Yohandri Yohandri , Baharuddin Baharuddin , Sila I Nyoman , Suyanta Suyanta
Published: January 2023

Recruitment is an important aspect of human resource management at a university, particularly at Makassar State University. Selection is a step in the recruitment process that determines whether prospective students who apply are a good fit for the program of study. The advancement of information systems facilitates the recruitment registration process. The decision support system is present to assist decision-makers in receiving appropriate recommendations for prospective teacher students who have been selected. This study employs the MAUT method's development, which is carried out in stages, hence the Multi-Level MAUT. Because assessment metrics are classified, we combine several MAUT methods to reach a final decision. The algorithm used produces good results, namely the ability to rank correctly based on stakeholder preferences.
Implementation of the FP-Growth Algorithm in Sales Transactions for Menu Package Recommendations at Warung Oemah Tani
Authors: Triana Latifah Adi , Khoerida Nur Isnaeni , Widiawati Neta Tri , Tahyudin Imam
Published: January 2023

Along with the rapid development of the culinary industry, business competition is also getting tougher. Warung Oemah Tani serves a variety of menus and drinks, but to provide satisfying service to customers, business people must try to develop new products. Under these circumstances, the menu recommendations for Warung Oemah Tani need to be analyzed so that the recommendations made are right on target. This study aims to analyze the sales of Warung Oemah Tani using the FP Growth algorithm. This algorithm identifies the data set with the highest frequency of concurrent sales (frequent itemset). The results of the association rules show that the highest support value is 0.520 and the highest confidence value is 0.929, with a minimum support of 30% and a minimum confidence of 80%. Obtained 14 rule associations that meet the minimum support and minimum confidence.
RASIONALITAS INVESTOR DI PASAR MODAL
Authors: Rido Muhammad
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perilaku investor di pasar modal atau Bursa Efek Indonesia dilihat dari sudut pandang rasionalitas investor, yaitu penggunaan seluruh sumber informasi relevan yang tersedia dalam proses pengambilan keputusannya. Dengan jenis penelitian kualitatif dan pendekatan deskriptif, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa investor NTB cenderung berperilaku rasional dalam aktifitas investasi di pasar modal. Terlepas dari perbedaan motif, tujuan, jangka waktu dan pilihan instrumen investasi serta teknik analisis yang digunakan, baik fundamental maupun teknikal, mereka tetap menggunakan seluruh informasi relevan yang tersedia sebagai dasar pengambilan keputusan investasi dalam mencapai tujuan utama yaitu memperoleh keuntungan.
Analisis Etika Bisnis Online Melalui Perspektif Penjual, Pembeli, Dan Penyedia Layanan Online Marketplace Di Indonesia
Authors: Asida Erwin , Vinuzia Mala , Yusril Muhammad
Published: January 2023

Perkembangan teknologi yang kian pesat telah memberi perubahan yang signifikan dalam setiap aspek kehidupan. Perubahan tersebut turut berdampak pula dalam bisnis ritel. Pola industri ritel konvensional mulai bergerak ke arah industri ritel digital sebagai jawaban akan tuntutan perubahan pola pengalaman konsumen dalam berbelanja (Chen, 2016).Adopsi konsep digital dalam industri ritel telah menjadi tren di Indonesia. McKinsey melalui Setyowati (2018) memproyeksikan nilai pasar e-commerce Indonesia akan mencapai US$ 65 miliar atau sekitar Rp 910 triliun pada tahun 2022. Angka itu naik delapan kali lipat dibanding tahun lalu yang nilainya US$ 8 miliar atau Rp 112 triliun. Berbagai macam industri ritel mulai dari perorangan sampai dengan korporasi besar sudah mulai banyak yang menjajaki konsep ini. Penerapan konsep digital berarti penurunan aktivitas tatap muka langsung antara ritel dengan konsumen. Sementara itu, setiap industri ritel dituntut untuk mengedepankan etika dalam berbisnis demi meningkatkan kepercayaan konsumen. Identifikasi dan kontrol etika bisnis mudah dilakukan oleh pelaku industri dan konsumen ketika tatap muka langsung terjadi. Oleh karena itu, perlu dicari tahu lebih lanjut mengenai isu-isu mengenai pelanggaran etika bisnis yang terjadi selama terjadinya praktik bisnis online di Indonesia.
CHOOSING SCRUM OR KANBAN METHODOLOGY FOR PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN IT COMPANIES
Authors: ZASORNOVA IRYNA , LYSENKO SERGII , ZASORNOV OLEKSANDR
Published: January 2023

Taking into account the conditions of the functioning of modern business, it is necessary to take into account the constant changes that occur in the process of developing projects in IT companies. Therefore, when creating projects, there is a need for a well-founded choice of project management methodologies, which will allow to quickly solve problems that arise in the process of their creation and will provide an opportunity to ensure high efficiency of project-oriented activities of companies.

The conducted analysis of the methodologies showed that today there are a sufficient number of them, among which there are rigid and flexible ones. Among the hard methodologies, as Waterfall model, V-model, Incremental model, Spiral model, and Iterative model are known. Among flexible methodologies, the Agile model, as well as Scrum and Kanban are most often used. The following flexible methodologies are also known: Lean, eXtreme Programming (XP), Rational Unified Process (RUP), Dynamic Systems Development Model (DSDM), Rapid Application Development (RAD), and Extreme Programming (XP).

It has been determined that most researchers prove in their studies that agile methodologies are more widespread nowadays and are better adapted to the conditions of rapid changes in projects. The only exceptions are those methodologies that apply to certain industries, such as medical, aviation, and others. Such fields involve the use of only brutal methodologies.

The article examines the modern Agile approach to project management, its difference from the traditional approach of the rigid Waterfall methodology or others; the scope of application of Agile; a short story; the advantages and disadvantages of implementation and its use.

The article provides a comparative analysis of the most popular today's flexible Scrum and Kanban methodologies. The roles that are indicated in projects in Scrum and Kanban are considered. The events performed by the teams are also analyzed in more detail.

The article elaborates a block diagram for a justified choice of Scrum or Kanban methodology. The article is based on research on the international and Ukrainian markets of IT companies.

The direction of future research of the authors is to conduct a more detailed analysis and comparison of rigid and flexible methodologies with the aim of using combined forms of project management.
FEATURES OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SPEAKER IDENTIFICATION SOFTWARE SYSTEM
Authors: BIELOZOROVA YANA , YATSKO KATERYNA
Published: January 2023

The proposed architecture of the identification software system in the form of class and sequence diagrams. The main criteria for assessing the accuracy of speaker identification were studied and possible sources of loss of speaker identification accuracy were identified, which can be used when building a speaker identification system. A software system based on the proposed architecture and previously developed identification algorithms and methods was created.

The following conclusions can be drawn on the basis of the performed research: approaches to the construction of existing announcer identification systems are considered;           the main criteria for assessing the accuracy of announcer identification were investigated and the main sources of loss of accuracy during announcer identification were identified; the structural construction of the announcer identification system is considered, taking into account the identified sources of loss of accuracy during announcer identification; the proposed architecture of the speaker identification system in the UML language in the form of class and sequence diagrams; a software system was built that implements the functions of speech signal identification according to the methods and algorithm proposed in previous works.

The software system uses a ranking method based on three different criteria. These include: calculation of the proximity of two-dimensional probability density function curves for the frequency of the main tone and the location in the spectrum of three frequency ranges that are extracted from the speech recorded in the speech signal; calculation of the proximity of the probability density function curves for each of these features separately; calculation of the degree of closeness of the absolute maxima of the formant spectra extracted from the speech recorded in the speech signal.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR STATISTICAL CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION IN COMPLEX NETWORKS
Authors: KYRYCHENKO OKSANA
Published: January 2023

Information technology has been developed, which is used to collect, process and save large volumes of data from the web space. With the help of technology, the statistical characteristics of various segments of the web space and their cluster structure are studied. Two methods are used to find the optimal number of clusters and cluster centers: the well-known k-core decomposition algorithm and a new method developed by the authors. The new algorithm is based on the distribution of eigenvalues of the stochastic matrix, which describes the process of Markov transitions in the system. The clustering process is carried out using the Power iteration clustering algorithm.

With the help of written software (crawler), information is collected on a given segment of the web space. For the studied area, there are statistical characteristics, namely: node degree, clustering coefficient, node probability distributions by input and output connections. Oriented and unoriented graphs of web pages of the studied zones are constructed. By combining the calculated dependencies for the input and output subnets, we can obtain the statistical characteristics of the undirected graphs of the web pages of the web space zones that we are investigating.

For cluster analysis, the optimal number of clusters and cluster centers can be found in 2 ways: by the well-known k-core decomposition algorithm and by using a new method developed by the author. The new algorithm is based on the distribution of eigenvalues of the stochastic matrix, which describes the process of Markov transitions in the system. Using the Rower iteration clustering algorithm, the cluster structure of various segments of the web space is studied.

The advantage of the developed information technology is that with its help one can work with large sets of data collected on the Internet, study their structure and statistical characteristics, and perform the clustering process. To implement the clustering process and find the optimal number of clusters and centroids a new algorithm is suggested. The results of the algorithm indicate high accuracy in determining the optimal number of clusters.
ATF1 Regulating Signaling Pathways between Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells and Immortalized Epithelial Cells
Authors: Wang Fangfang
Published: January 2023

This study aims to provide a comprehensive pathway regulated by ATF1 and screen for differences between cancer and normal cells. Genome-wide mRNA expression microarrays were performed using RNA isolated from ATF1 over-expressing CNE1 and NP69 cells. The ATF1 regulating expression pattern and signaling was investigated by GO annotation, KEGG pathway and PPI network. A total of 1651 genes were found to be expressed differentially between CNE1-ATF1 and CNE1-control cells, 4304 genes were shown to be expressed differentially between NP69-ATF1 and NP69-control cells. In the GO annotation, KEGG analysis and PPI networks, pathways associated with cancer, apoptosis and cell proliferation exhibited the most significant correlation with ATF1 modulation in both cells. Different pathways were suggested as immune response in CNE1 cells and metabolism in NP69 cells. Taken together, the data of this study provides a comprehensive signaling pathway regulated by ATF1 and figure out the differences between cancer and normal cells.
Laccase Domain-Containing Protein 1 Promoted Inflammation of Osteoporosis Model via NOD2 Ubiquitination by RIP2
Authors: Zhang Jun
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this experiment was to elucidate the latent influence of Laccase Domain-Containing Protein 1 (LACC1) regulatory loop in the progression of osteoporosis. Serum samples of volunteers were obtained from the researchers’ hospital. Mice were induced by an osteoporosis model using ovariectomy. LACC1 mRNA expression levels were up-regulated in patients with osteoporosis. LACC1 protein and mRNA expression levels in mice with osteoporosis were measured. LACC1 promoted inflammation of osteoporosis in the in vitro model. LACC1 promoted osteoporosis in the mice model. LACC1 protein interlinked nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain 2 (NOD2)/ receptor interacting protein 2 (RIP2) protein to reduce ubiquitination of NOD2. NOD2/RIP2 participated in the effects of LACC1 in the model of osteoporosis. These findings suggest that LACC1 promoted inflammation of the osteoporosis model via the induction of NOD2-RIP2 signalling by the inhibition of NOD2 ubiquitination. The inhibition of LACC1 regulatory loop provides new targets for treatment of osteoporosis.
Analysis of TheVadility of A Cession Over A Receivables Sale and Purchase Agreement That Was Subject to an Invalid Novation
Authors: Fabiola Bella , Cahyono Akhmad Budi
Published: January 2023

In order to guarantee smooth capital turnover, banks would often "withdraw" their capital even if the receivables (often from credit) that they currently own are not yet payable, by selling their receivables, followed by cession. However, in practice this is often problematic. Most of the problems revolving around this practice is that the cession that follows the selling of receivables is conducted not in accordance with applicable laws regarding cession and could therefore backfire and become a problem for the bank in question. The cession of Permata Bank on Debt Assignment Deed (Cession) Number 85 dated 5 May 2017, as stated in the Central Jakarta Commercial Court Decision Number 131/Pdt.SUS-PKPU/2018/PN.Niaga.Jkt.Pst is one of such problematic cessions. On this matter, the assignment of receivables was done through Debt Assignment Deed (Cession) Number 85 dated 5 May 2017, related to a Conditional Receivables Sale and Purchase Agreement that was novated and then amended. This article uses a normative juridical research method. The research specifications used in this study are descriptive analytical. The secondary data used by the author in this study consisted of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. The data analysis method used is normative qualitative. The Conditional Receivables Sale and Purchase Agreement is carried out without the transfer of ownership with cession, so that the ownership has not yet been transferred to the buyer. The Novation and Amendment To the Conditional Receivables Sale and Purchase Agreement is also invalid because it was carried out without involving the debtor. So, it can be concluded that the cession of the Conditional Receivables Sale and Purchase Agreement which was later novated and amended is null and void because the cession was made under a receivables sale and purchase agreement that was invalidly novated. Key Words: Cessie, Novasi, Receivables Sale and Purchase Agreement
Implementation of Economic Crime After The Provision of Law Number 11 of 2021 Concerning The Prosecutor
Authors: . Supardi
Published: January 2023

The Criminalization of Economic Crimes occurred on May 11, 1995 which was marked by the birth of the Law on Economic Crimes (UUTPE). Since the birth of the law, the term "harming the economy" has emerged, which is similar to the element "harming the country's economy" in the Corruption Crime (TPK) offense. On December 31, 2021, the Prosecutor's Law (UUK) was promulgated which gives authority to investigate, investigate and prosecute cases of Economic Crimes (TPE), but in the explanation of Article 35 paragraph (1) letter k provides an interpretation of economic crimes such as the interpretation of "harmful" the country's economy” in the TPK. The use of the phrase "harming the country's economy" in the explanation of Article 35 paragraph (1) letter k of the UUK raises interpretation problems regarding the meaning of "harming the economy" as referred to in the UUPE which can have an impact on implementation in creating justice and legal certainty in handling TPE cases. Therefore, this study formulated the formulation of the problem as follows: (1) How to interpret the TPE regulated in the UUTPE (2) How to distinguish the TPE regulated in the UUTPE and UUTPK and (3) How to measure the authority of the Prosecutor's Office in handling TPE cases so as to create justice and legal certainty. The research method used is normative juridical, namely a method that refers to the applicable laws or regulations, legal theories or opinions of scholars. The research is based on secondary data, while the research specifications used are descriptive analytical. The data sources used consist of primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The results of the study conclude that: (1) UUTPE has not been revoked and is still valid as ius constitutum, (2) The basic differences in the state economy between UUTPE and UUTPK are: TPE is more related to the world of trade and is not related to strategic policies of the central or regional government and (3) Based on Law Number 11 of 2021 concerning Amendments to Law Number 16 of 2004 the Prosecutor's Office has the authority to handle TPE cases, but the definition of the state economy according to the law is still confusing because it is equated with the meaning in the UUTPK
The Abrogation of Sale and Purchase Binding Agreement (PPJB) Deed of Notary That Contains Standard Clause by a Verdict
Authors: Dwiyanti Lusiana , Prihandhini Liza
Published: January 2023

The onus of making and undersign the Deed of Sale and Purchase Binding Agreement (PPJB) by a Notary is legally regulated in the PUPR Ministerial Decree No. 11/2019. This provides an obligation for a Notary in contrive the clause of the Binding Agreement that guarantees a legal preservation in the transition of land rights. In this research, the PPJB was using a standard clause containing an exoneration clause, thus causing an abrogation by a Verdict. This article uses a normative juridical research method, with secondary data and qualitative analysis. The eventuate is illustrate that the use of the principle of contract law is not legally valid if it contains an exoneration clause in it. As Public Officials who are charged with important duties and responsibilities, Notaries and PPATs must know all about legal studies related to make the deed so can avoid all lawsuits from parties that been disadvantaged due to disputes from the deed in the future.
The Effectiveness of the World Health Organization (WHO) in Overcoming the Covid 19 Pandemic
Authors: PM Hilton Tarnama , Mega Jaya Belardo Prasetya
Published: January 2023

The Covid 19 outbreak has caused a lot of casualties. WHO as an international organization whose goal is to achieve health at the highest level has a responsibility to mitigate the spread of the virus and its victims. The authority possessed by WHO based on international law is effective in overcoming the covid 19 pandemic. All of the categorizations to assess the effectiveness of WHO can be fulfilled by WHO while showing that WHO has succeeded in overcoming the Covid 19 pandemic.
Reinforcing Central Government’s Authority over Regional Governments in the System of Indonesian Governance
Authors: Siboy Ahmad
Published: January 2023

Principally, a regional government represents the extended hands of the central government in controlling a regional area. Regional governments are not supposed to run activities not congruent with the policies set by the central government. However, regional governments are often found in contravention of the policies of the central government. This research maps what causes this contravention and the reasons for reinforcing the authority of the central government regarding its connection with regional governments. This research employed normative-juridical methods, statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, revealing that this noncompliance with the central government is sparked by the conditions where a regional head is elected by the members of the public, the president has no right to eject a regional head from his/her tenure, and a regional head is fully authorized to run a regional area, including the regional budgeting. The design of the reinforcement of the authority of the authority of the central government over regional governments is required based on the principle of the unitary state and to guarantee the harmonious policies set by those the regional governments and central government. This design may involve the policy of the central government to take over the governance of regional areas following the deadlock, permit issuance, and the authority of the central government to impose sanctions on regional heads.
Responsibilities of the Board of Commissioners as Tax Bearer for Limited Liability Company Taxpayer
Authors: Arifin Bustanul , Velentina Rouli Anita
Published: January 2023

Tax collection in Indonesia carried out based on the procedures stipulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia Number 189/PMK.03/2020 concerning Procedures for Implementing Tax Collection on the Amount of Taxes Accrued (“PMK No.189/PMK.03/2020”). In PMK No.189/PMK.03/2020, the Board of Commissioners can be the Tax Bearer of a Limited Liability Company (Perseroan Terbatas “PT”), whereas in Article 32 of Law Number 28 of 2007 concerning General Provisions and Procedures for Taxation, it is not regulated that the Board of Commissioners may become the Tax Bearer. Then, when viewed from Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies as amended by Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation, the organ authorized to represent a Limited Liability Company (PT) is the Board of Directors. The problem of this research is how the arrangement of the Board of Commissioners as the Tax Bearer if it is viewed from the applicable laws and regulations. The normative juridical method is the research method used in this research. This research uses secondary data consisting of primary legal sources, secondary legal sources, and tertiary legal sources. From the results of this research, it is concluded that the regulation regarding the responsibilities of the Board of Commissioners in PMK Number 189/PMK.03/2020 is an implementation of Law Number 19 of 1997 concerning Tax Collection with Distress Warrant. In addition, the arrangement is in line with the arrangement of the responsibilities of the Board of Commissioners in the Limited Liability Company Law, as reviewed from Article 69 paragraph (3) jo. Article 114 paragraph (3) of the Limited Liability Company Law which regulates the Board of Commissioners is jointly and severally responsible if the resulting financial statements are incorrect and/or misleading. Nevertheless, the Ministry of Finance is deemed necessary to make some improvements to the deficiencies in the provisions of PMK Number 189/03/2020.

 
Keywords: Board of Commissioners, Tax Law, Tax Bearer, Limited Liability Company, Taxpayer
Philosophical Discussion of Legal and Moral Relationships in Perspective of Natural Law and Legal Positivism
Authors: Soeharto Achmad , . Taufik , Victoria Ong Argo
Published: January 2023

The relationship between law and morals has become an academic and philosophical debate throughout the ages, especially in the schools of natural law and legal positivism. The school of natural law always relates law and morals in a close, inseparable relationship, like a coin. The law must contain moral values. Meanwhile, legal positivism clearly separates the relationship between law and morals. Thus the law is not at all related to morality, the problem of law contains moral values or not, not the substance and legal issues, the most important thing is that the law is made by a sovereign ruler. Law is separated from non-juridical elements, such as ethics, morals, politics, economics, sociology, and so on. In other words, the law is purified from something that is not law. With the very sharp differences between the two schools of law, the schools of natural law and legal positivism for hundreds of years have never agreed on the relationship between law and morals. Each has a paradigm, method, theory, and a strong philosophical basis in seeing the relationship between law and morals.

Keywords: Natural Law, Legal Positivism, Law and Morals

 
Analysis of Overmacht Credit Agreements During Pandemic (Case Study of Loss Claims Rejections By Judges)
Authors: Mucharom Rully Syahrul , Suriaatmadja Toto Tohir , Ravena Dey , Mufidi M. Faiz
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze Covid-19 as a form of comparative advantage and the consequences of the advantage method in loan agreements and loan termination policies due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method is norm-law. It is a legal research method that examines and studies the provisions of legislation as a basis for subsequent analysis of the issues discussed. The research uses primary and secondary legal material for analysis through the study of relevant documents and literature. The analysis is a qualitative analysis that addresses the question in question. According to the research, Covid-19 is an unnatural disaster and thus can be classified as a measure of superiority. As a priority relationship, the laws governing the spread of Covid-19 result in a priority relationship with the loan agreement, which means that the debtor must continue to meet his obligations to the debtor even after Covid-19 is over. When it was implemented following POJK 11/2020, the debtor obtained credit relief through restructuring in the form of interest rate cuts, extension of maturity, reduction of funds owed, and interest reduction in arrears according to the restructuring table issued by the bank. After verification and analysis by the bank, the affected debtor Covid- 19
Productive Waqf with Money (Cash Waqf) in the View of the Acehnese Dayah Scholars
Authors: Anwar Anwar , Yuslem Nawir , Syam Syafruddin
Published: January 2023

This study focuses on exploring the views of the dayah scholars in Aceh and the dynamics behind their different views on cash waqf which are becoming popular in Indonesian society. Designed in the form of a qualitative research, research data were collected through in-depth interviews with 8 prominent dayah scholars in Aceh, who were selected purposively. The eight scholars who were used as key informants for this research were charismatic scholars who were always used by the people of Aceh as the mecca of legal fatwas. Data were also collected through repeated observations to research sites and document studies related to the topic being researched. The results of the study show that the dayah scholars in Aceh have different views in executing the law allowing cash waqf. This difference occurs because each scholar has a different perspective in understanding the source of waqf law, both in terms of text and context. In the end, this study argues that the view of the dayah scholars regarding cash waqf which has been very textual in nature, must be shifted to contextual, so that the implementation of cash waqf is carried out properly as an effort to improve the welfare of the Acehnese people.
The Urgence of Establishing Online Dispute Resolution (Odr) as A Dispute Resolution of Information Technology-Based Lending and Lending Services
Authors: Putri Conni Pania , Yakup Bahrul Ilmi , Thamrin Husni
Published: January 2023

The urgency of establishing an online dispute resolution (ODR) as an effort to resolve disputes over information technology-based lending and borrowing services is based on the background that borrowers often fail to pay which causes losses to lenders. However, in practice, lenders cannot take legal action and accept losses which are known as the risk of default. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) as a solution to solve these problems.

The writing of this paper uses a normative juridical method with a statutory approach. This study uses primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials which are analyzed qualitatively according to their relevance to research problems which are then presented in the form of exploratory and argumentative descriptive narratives.
From the results of the research using the above method, the authors obtain answers to the existing problems that technology-based dispute resolution for lending and borrowing money services can be resolved through alternative dispute resolution using the Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) model.
Implementation of Criminal Law in Handling Narcotics Cases in Indonesia
Authors: Efendi Bahtiyar , Handoko Widhi
Published: January 2023

The problem of narcotics is currently rife in Indonesia. The rise of drug cases is common among teenagers, especially. The territory of Indonesia is very strategic because of its extensive area with various small islands. Drug abuse is a criminal act because three things cause it: the first is applying criminal law, prevention without criminal punishment, and the last one that can make people's views of drug abuse users wrong. In regulating the abuse of drug use, the government has regulated it in Law No. 35 of 2009 concerning narcotics.

Keyword :

Criminal, Law, Narcotics, Indonesian Law
Social - Welfarestate in Perspective of Labour Law: Review of Asean Constitution
Authors: Bawono Icuk Rangga , Prayitno Kuat Puji
Published: January 2023

The welfare state in the concept of Labours cannot be covered only in scope of one state only, but also to comparation by the other countries. In order to strengthen of cooperation between asean community, we should required understanding about constitutional concept  in  asean countries . The state law concept which adopted by majority nation state according with their basic typical of the country and nationality (such as social structure and norms).

To compare about welfare- labours need  more  significant idea in nationality and state. This research is prior to explain about the extent of content (recognition of state obligations which recognized on state constitution of the asean countries), using  juridical normative methodology, with emphasises from the comparison of the constitution among countries, democracy, and nomocracy. In the end, this research describe how  important if  we ask social welfare for labours concept concept (in each manuscript) to the body of constitution, and also including to found “the living constitution” in ASEAN countries. The approach method used the doctrinal legal research, including historical approach.
Consumer Protection Against Standard Clauses in Business Transactions Through E-Commerce
Authors: Prematura Aditya Migi , Suryani Suryani
Published: January 2023

Standard agreements or standard agreements aim to provide convenience or practicality for the parties in conducting transactions, especially in the business sector. Problems will arise when consumers in electronic business transactions face standard agreement formulas in which many standard clauses require consumers to agree. In practice, currently, no e-commerce platform does not use standard agreement formats and clauses in transactions with consumers. This form of the agreement positions the consumer as a party that has no bargaining power, so whatever the contents of the standard agreement are, inevitably must be agreed upon, even though basically the consumer knows that the contents of the agreement are burdensome to him. The problem under study is how is the legal protection of consumers involved in standard agreements with the exoneration clause in a business transaction through electronic media (e-commerce). The research method used is a normative legal research method with a statute approach, a conceptual approach, and the views of experts related to the problem. The results of the study show that standard contracts containing exoneration clauses have legal consequences for consumers, namely the responsibility that should be borne by business actors becomes the responsibility of consumers. The Consumer Protection Law requires business actors to immediately adjust the standard contracts used with the provisions of the law, but in practice, this is difficult to do.