bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PATTERNS IN LIFE QUALITY CHANGES OF IRKUTSK CITY’S INHABITANTS ACCORDING TO SF-36 QUESTIONNAIRE
Authors: Рой  , Roy Tatyana , Ильичёва  , Ilicheva Elena
Published: April 2017

Actuality. At the moment, one of the current trends in medicine and sociology is the study of life quality in population. The motivation for this study was the lack of population-based studies on life quality assessment for adult population conducted in Irkutsk, taking into account the individual characteristics of all age groups with questionnaire SF-36.Purpose. To evaluate standard criteria for Irkutsk adult population’s life standard in terms of the age and gender by means of the standard questionnaire SF-36.Materials and methods. The article represents the interview results received from 579 Irkutsk dwellers at the age of 18–85. The Russian version of SF-36 Questionnaire has been used for the present research. The criteria were estimated according to 8scales. The levels of the respondents’ physical well-being, socio-environmental adaptation, psycho-emo-tional changes and viability were specified. Moreover, the respondents’ clinical-anamnestic status including complaints, anamnestic evidences for somatic pathology and earlier surgical interventions were evaluated as well. The received data were processed by Statistica 6.0 software with the use of nonparametric and multiple factor analysis.Results. The results determine the levels of physical functioning, social adaptation, psycho-emotional changes and the viability of Irkutsk residents of different age, gender and socio-professional groups. Conclusions. The presence of comorbidity in varying degrees affected the quality of life
STRUCTURE OF THE ANAL CANAL AND DISTAL RECTUM IN WISTAR RATS
Authors: Ким  , Kim Andrey , Гольдберг  , Goldberg Oleg
Published: April 2017

The conducted research relates to the structure of anal canal and distal rectum of Wistar rats. This structure is of interest in terms of comparative anatomy and as an object of experimental model in pathology. We studies female rats aged 6-10 months, weighing 200-300 g. Light microscopy of specimens was performed with the system microscope LEICA DM2000 (Germany). The study findings revealed that the anal canal is lined with multilayered epithelium on the connective tissue, in distal part of which are buried hair follicles, adipose glands and rudiments of perspiratory glands. Passage of anal canal into the skin with high density of hair follicles with adipose glands is a white line. Intrinsic sphinc-ter is identified by thickening of circular layer of the intestine. External sphincter is presented by separate complexes of skeletal muscles fibers, placed exteriorly and inferiorly from the anal canal muscle layer under the hypoderma. We did not detect the Parks’ ligament as a separate structure. This means that the function of this part of the intestine in rats and that one of a human are not completely consistent.
HOSPITAL SURGICAL CLINIC
Authors: Григорьев  , Grigoryev Evgeniy
Published: April 2017

The article reviews main stages of establishment and development of the Department of Hospital Surgery in different periods. We showed the role of heads and stuff of the department in the development of multipartial complex which aims at the unity of three components – to teach, to treat and to study.The first head of the department and of the clinic of hospital surgery (1921–1931) was N.A.Sinakevich. It was a pe-riod of establishment of the department, its staffing, formation of clinical site and training calendar. V.G.Shipachyov was the head of the department from 1931 to 1952. During the Great Patriotic War, the work of the department was aimed at the needs of war time related to the problems of reconstruction surgery and treatment of traumatic injuries. After the war, the work of the department was dedicated to the problems of hypothyroidism, obliterating endarteritis, gastrointestinal and urgent surgery.In 1953, Z.T.Senchillo-Yaverbaum became the head of the department. The work of the department was dedicated to gastrointestinal and pancreatic surgery, herniology, thyrophymas. Also the department included course of traumatology.In 1972, V.I.Astafiev became the head of the department. In this period, many young hopefuls started to work on the department. Also the research, treatment and educational complex was created on the base of the department, Re-gional Clinical Hospital and Siberian Branch of Academy of Medical Sciences USSR. While keeping the traditions of the department, V.I.Astafiev created new research and practice directions and special referral units – of cardiac, vascular, thoracic, purulent and urgent surgery, operative coloproctology, plastic surgery, diagnostic picture and X-ray surgery. Also the system of individual and collective training of surgical clerk.In 1988–1993 Y.I.Morozov was the head of the department. The new direction of the work was the development of complex treatment of purulent soft tissue involvement in patients with diabetes.From 1993, E.G. Grigoryev is the head of the department of hospital surgery and the Institute of Surgery.
CURRENT APPROACH TO DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT FOR LIVER FAILURE (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Плеханов  , Plekhanov Aleksandr , Товаршинов  , Tovarshinov Aleksandr
Published: April 2017

Currently, the world is marked rise in the number of patients with liver disease. Approximately 100,000 patients hepatitis complicated by acute liver failure, with mortality in this disease reaches 70-90% despite the use of modern methods of treatment Currently, there are more than 20 concepts of this disease. In 15-20% of cases the cause of acute liver failure can not be established. Most clinicians believe that the pathogenesis of liver failure is a strong humoral and hyperimmune response, resulting in massive necrosis of liver cells. Diagnosis of liver failure based on anamnesis, clinical, biochemical and electroencephalographic changes. Traditional conservative therapy of acute liver failure in the first place based on the measures taken to address the etiological factor. Transplantation is an effective measure in acute liver failure. In the world there are a sufficient number of prognostic scales, criteria and risk factors of acute liver failure. Each of them has its own characteristics, but a unified system of prognostic estimation of arrester.
POSTCONDITIONING AS A METHOD TISSUE SURVIVABILITY ENHANCEMENT IN ISCHEMIC DAMAGE
Authors: Шурыгин  , Shurygin Mikhail , Шурыгина  , Shurygina Irina , Дремина  , Dremina Natalya
Published: April 2017

The article presents the present-day data on the phenomenon of ischemic myocardial postconditioning. It has been shown, that this phenomenon consists in protection of the heart from reperfusion damage by the means of short episodes of ischemia/reperfusion performed at the early stage after prolonged ischemia. It is presented that postconditioning effect manifests in limiting the size of infarction and preserving endothelial function in the region exposed to ischemic injury. The article reports on the modern concept of role of various intracellular signal cascades in providing survival of the cell after the episode of ischemia/reperfusion. Much attention is given to changing in the state of pores localized in internal mitochondrial membrane as end links of realization of postconditioning effect. Prospects of clinical use of postconditioning are very optimistic due to the fact that application of different variants of preconditioning is limited because in most cases it is impossible to predict the time of occurrence of ischemic injury, whereas postconditioning may be used after prolonged ischemia.
influence of immunodeficiency and systemic use of antiretroviral drugs on the structure of skin and mucosa diseases in patients with hiv infection
Authors: Прожерин  , Prozherin Sergey , Подымова  , Podymova Anzhelika , Рямова  , Ryamova Elena
Published: April 2017

The aim of the research was to explore range of skin and mucous membrane pathology in patients with HIV infection in Sverdlovsk region, assess the impact on it the severity of immunodeficiency, systemic receiving antiretroviral drugs.The study included 459 patients with HIV infection. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (core) – patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), 133 people, group 2 (control group) – 326 HIV-persons who are not receiving ART. The control group is represented by two subgroups: 2A – patients with a level of CD4+ T-lymphocyte cells ≥ 350/μl (153 patients) and 2B – 173 HIV-positive with the amount of CD4+ cells less than 350/μl.Among HIV-infected patients not receiving ART, with the level of CD4+ T-cells below 350 cells/μl were significantly more lesions detected candida, hairy leukoplakia tongue (p < 0,01), seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis (p < 0.05), when CD4+ ≥ 350 cells/μl – skin xerosis (p < 0,05). On the background of the systematic intake of antiretroviral drugs we detected reduced frequency of candidiasis (from 21.5 % to 6.8 %), of herpes zoster (from 6.1 % to 0.8 %), and of hairy leukoplakia (absent on the background of ART), on the other hand we revealed increase occurrence of impairments caused by human papilloma virus.
tick-borne rickettsiosis in children of the irkutsk region over five epidemic seasons
Authors: Злобин  , Zlobin Vladimir , Петрова  , Petrova Alla , Сидорова  , Sidorova Kseniya , Джиоев  , Dzhioev Yuriy
Published: April 2017

The article discusses the clinical and laboratory characteristics of tick-borne rickettsiosis in children in the Irkutsk region on the results of the retrospective study of 65 patients admitted to the Regional Infectious Hospital over the period of five consecutive epidemic seasons. It has been found that among hospitalized children with tick-borne rick-ettsiosis dominating proportion (64.6 %) is of rural residents (mean age – 5 years old). The main clinical symptoms in children borne rickettsiosis were rash (96.9 %) and fever (96.9 %), which in one third of observations associated with lymphadenopathy (38.5%). About one third of patients (30.8 %) had pronounced symptoms of intoxication. It has been noted that the laboratory diagnosis of tick-borne rickettsiosis needs to be improved: DGC reaction should replace ELISA detection of specific immunoglobulin M in the blood in combination with PCR for genetic identification of rickettsiae. The development of emergency preventive treatment of tick-borne rickettsiosis is required, taking into account the sensitivity of rickettsiae to antibiotics. All children with tick-borne rickettsial diseases were provided with timely and effective treatment, with favorable prognosis.
Proliferative activity of salivary tumor cells
Authors: Немчинова  , Nemchinova Svetlana , Раевская  , Raevskaya Lidiya , Казимирский  , Kazimirskiy Viktor , Кислицина  , Kislitsina Lada , Алёшкин  , Aleshkin Igor , Батороев  , Batoroev Yuriy , Бычков  , Bychkov Dmitriy , Фильченкова  , Filchenkova Elena
Published: April 2017

Salivary carcinomas comprise 2–3 % of malignant tumors of the head and neck. The basic method of morphological study in early diagnostics is aspiration puncture with a fine needle (FNAB). Complex histologic structure and great diversity of morphological items complicate cytologic diagnostics of salivary tumors considerably. Immunocytochemical examination must be used to reduce the errors, it enables to reveal neoplastic cells at early stages of malignization. High proliferative activity of tumor cells is one of their biological peculiarities. Accuracy in differential diagnostics between benign and malignant tumors is improved through determination of mitotic index combined with a fine needle aspiration puncture.
Influence of psychoemotIonal stress on the functIonal actIvIty of neutrophIlIc granulocytes and lIpId peroxIdatIon IntensIty In qualIfIed athletes In competItIve perIod
Authors: Базарин  , Bazarin Kirill , Савченко  , Savchenko Andrey
Published: April 2017

The EEG can be used to obtain objective data on the level of situational anxiety in athletes. The dynamics of the psy-cho-emotional state of the athletes during the annual training-competitive macrocycle is characterized by the following features: in the preparatory and transition periods demonstrated by athletes level of anxiety and psycho-emotional stress is lower than in the control group. Competitive period is usually characterized by significant increase in anxiety. Competitive loads experienced by athletes on the background of low anxiety, lead to less pronounced decrease in func-tional activity of neutrophils and activity of the antioxidant defense system.
Influence of acute hypoxIa In late gestatIon perIod on the development of toluene neurotoxIc effect In adult albIno rats
Authors: Вокина  , Vokina Vera , Якимова  , Yakimova Natalya , Соседова  , Sosedova Larisa , Лизарев  , Lizarev Aleksandr
Published: April 2017

The aim of the present investigation is to estimate the role of prenatal hypoxia in toluene neurotoxic effect in adult rats. Toluene-induced behavioral and electroencephalographic manifestations were investigated in animals with normal and abnormal embryonic development. To simulate prenatal hypoxia, we gave subcutaneous injections of sodium nitrite to pregnant female rats in a dose of 50mg/kg on the 18–19th day of gestation. At the age of 3months the males from the offspring were exposed to toluene inhalation (560mg/m3, 4w eeks, 4h/day, 5days/week). After toluene inhalation exposure we estimated rats’ individual behavior by plus maze test and visual and auditory evoked potentials (VEPs and AEPs). Toluene reduced P2N2 interpeak amplitude of VEPs compared with control rats without any latency change. We found out that toluene exposure of rats with acute prenatal hypoxia in late gestation had led to inhibition of motor activity and a statistically significant increase in latency of VEP’s N1, AEP’s P3 and N1P2 interpeak amplitude of AEP in comparison with all remained groups. Thus, these results show that prenatal hypoxic damage to the central nervous system is an aggravating factor in toluene intoxication in rats.
expressIon of molecular lymphatIc markers In human choroId
Authors: Ноговицина  , Nogovitsina Sabina
Published: April 2017

The purpose of this study was to research lymphatic outflow tract in the human choroid. Using a light microscopy and immunohistochemistry, structure of the choroid was investigated. We used antibodies against lymphaticendotheli-al-specificmarkers Prox-1, LYVE-1, Podoplanin, endothelial blood vessels marker CD34 and fibroblasts growth factor receptor FGFR. The choroid was found to contain lymphatic canals in choroidal stroma and a layer of choriocapillaris, and lymphatic lacunae in the suprachoroid lamina, limited endothelium-like cells, positively stained for markers of lymphatic vessels Prox-1, LYVE-1, Podoplanin, and fibroblasts and pigment cells. These endothelium-like cells were shown positive Prox-1, LYVE-1 and Podoplanin staining and negative CD34 staining; therefore we consider that these canals and lacunae are lymphatic structures.
Influence of soft fInIshed pharmaproducts based on PENTAPHYLLOIDES FRUTICOSA l. on the course of wound process
Authors: Ханхасыков  , Khankhasykov Sergey , Хибхенов  , Khibkhenov Lopsondorzho , Бальхаев  , Balkhaev Mikhail , Гармаев - , Garmaev Bato-Tsyren , Хитрихеев  , Khitrikheev Vladimir , Николаева  , Nikolaeva Irina
Published: April 2017

The aim of the work was to estimate a wound-healing effect of soft drug products from the Pentaphylloides fruticosa L. shoots on the model of planar skin-fascial wound. The liniment was developed with the use of the NanoDeBee 30 device and the ointment was developed with the use of pharmaceutical technology. Experiments were carried out on white male Wistar rats. The skin injury was simulated by inflicting planar wounds 2.0×2.0 cm in size. The 5%-liniment and 5% ointment from P. fruticosa were put on the wounds of the first and second experimental groups respectively. In the third group the wounds were treated with glycerin-vaseline ointment. Bioptate of the wound surface was taken on the 7th, 14th and 21st day. Histological preparations were studied using standard methods. Cell elements of the first group animals were displayed as fibroblasts and fibrocytes; it was noted high level of collagen organization that testified the effective staging of the wound process in this case. The amount of fibrocytes and fibroblasts and ratio between juvenile and mature forms of collagen-producing cells vary in the first and second groups. Biopsy material obtained from the animals of the third group only on the 21st day corresponded to the picture observed in animals of the 1st group on the 14th day. The findings of the study verify that the use of the product obtained on NanoDeBee device provides the earlier forming of the scar as compared with the ointment developed using pharmaceutical technology.
COMPARATIVE RESULTS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF LARGE IDIOPATHIC MACULAR HOLES
Authors: Шпак  , Shpak Aleksandr , Шкворченко  , Shkvorchenko Dmitriy , Шилов  , Shilov Nikolay , Терещенко  , Tereshchenko Aleksandr , Белый  , Belyy Yuriy , Ерохина  , Erokhina Elena
Published: April 2017

The goal is to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed technique of the gradual forming of the internal limiting membrane (IML) fragment in the treatment of large macular holes (MH) in comparison with the standard methodol-ogy (using classical maculorhexis and rapprochement of MH edges by using of vacuum aspiration). Materials and methods: we observed 137patients (103women, 34men) aged from 54 to 78years with large MH (over 400μm). Duration of MH ranged from 3 to 60months. All the patients were divided into groups: 1 (new methodology) and 2 (standard method), and sub-groups: 1a and 2a – patients with MH with a minimum diameter 400–650μm; 1b and 2b – patients with MH with a minimum diameter more than 650μm. The new technique is performed in several stages, during which several series of ILM “petals” removal are made, leaving an intact area on the MH edge. The last ILM “petal” or fragment is inverted and placed on the MH. Results: In subgroup 1a, there was a statistically significant increase in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) during all follow-up with the most pronounced growth in the first 6 months (from 0.15±0.06 to 0.55±0.14) (p<0.05). In subgroup 1b a statistically significant increase in mean values of BCVA was also observed especially during first 6month (from 0.13±0.06 to 0.36±0.12) (p<0.05). In group2 (a, b) BCVA was significantly lower (p<0.05). Conclusion: the new technique allows to reach higher functional-anatomical results in surgical treatment of MH.
CHARACTERISTIC OF MULTIDRAG RESISTANCE IN TUBERKULOSIS PATIENTS IN SEPARATE TERRITORIES OF IRKUTSK REGION
Authors: Воробьева  , Vorobyova Olga , Зоркальцева  , Zorkaltseva Elena
Published: April 2017

The prevalence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) in separate territories of the Irkutsk region is different, which is as-sociated with the geographical features and the availability of microbiological research facilities. Between 2003 and 2015, the proportion of new TB cases with MDR increased in most of the territories of the region except “Large Cities” and the Buryat national district. In Large Cities of Irkutsk region and Buryat district MDR level is high, but the growth rate is insignificant. The area of “Major settlements along the railway” was characterized by an intensive increase in the proportion of first-time detected and previously treated TB patients with MDR. One reason for this phenomenon is the intense migration of the population. In “Northern areas” there was an accumulation of MDR among contingents associated with the empirical assignment of anti-TB drugs and low availability of microbiological testing. In the “Rural areas” MDR was rarely identified due to troubles with microbiological diagnostics.
EFFECT OF COMPLEX PLANT REMEDY ON THE MORPHOFUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE LIVER OF RATS WITH ETHANOL-INDUCED HEPATITIS
Authors: Убеева  , Ubeeva Iraida , Разуваева  , Razuvaeva Yanina , Торопова  , Toropova Anyuta , Верлан  , Verlan Nadezhda , Николаев  , Nikolaev Sergey , Аюшеева  , Ayusheeva Viktoriya
Published: April 2017

The influence of the complex plant remedy (Urtica dioica L., Polygonum aviculare L., Achillea millefolium L., Zingiber officinalis L., Cinnamomum cassia L.) on the morphofunctional state of the liver in rats with ethanol-induced hepatitis was studied. The liver injury was simulated with 40% ethanol introduction to rats in dose of 10.0 ml/kg for 7 days. The extract of the complex remedy was administered to animals in dose of 200 ml/kg for 14 days. The findings showed that the tested remedy inhibited the development of microcirculatory impairments, decreased the intensity of inflammatory infiltration and diminished the amount of hepatocytes subjected to adipose and cloudy degeneration as well as to necrotic changes. The increased amount of hypertrophied and binuclear hepatocytes in the area of the portal tract and central vein testifies reparation processes in the liver of the rats treated with the tested plant extract.
MODERN TRENDS IN MEDICAL THERAPY OF CHRONIC GENERALIZED PARODONTITIS
Authors: Васильева  , Vasilyeva Lyudmila , Дударь  , Dudar Marina , Молоков  , Molokov Vladislav
Published: April 2017

The review deals with the analysis of modern methods of treatment of chronic generalized parodontitis from the perspective of differentiated principle of treatment of this disease. Particular attention is paid to methods of medical treatment, their diversity on the efficiency and mechanisms of therapeutic effects to select appropriate treatment, taking into account all the individual characteristics of the patient, aetiology, pathogenesis and severity of chronic generalized parodontitis. It has been demonstrated that an important aspect to achieve high efficiency of treatment is a method of drug delivery. The most effective method is a transmembrane dialysis, which makes it possible simultane-ously to obtain the maximum concentration of the therapeutic substances in the inflammatory focus and to eliminate from the inflammatory focus the low-medium weight tissue decomposition products, products of metabolism, while maintaining factors of regeneration and protection against infection. It has been evinced the advantages of sanogenetic therapy using vitamin cocktail and some higher plants BAS containing terpenoids (bornylacetate and its semisynthetic stereoisomer – isobornyl acetate), as the least toxic, having analgesic and anti-bacterial properties comparable with antibiotics, and capable to stimulate repair processes. The good water solubility of these substances provides ample pos-sibility of using these drugs in the form of solutions for rinsing, transmembrane dialysis, as liquid at ultrasonic curettage.
CARDIAC LESION IN CHURG – STRAUSS SYNDROME
Authors: Каня  , Kanya Oleg , Гуртовая  , Gurtovaya Galina , Енисеева  , Eniseeva Elena , Стефаненкова  , Stefanenkova Alena
Published: April 2017

Cardiac involvement is the most important prognostic factor in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg–Strauss syndrome). We report a case of Churg–Strauss syndrome in 65-year-old women masquerading as a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. She had chest discomfort, dyspnea and ST depression, high troponin level and so myocardial infarction was diagnosed. She had had asthma for 4 years but had no eosinophilia in peripheral blood and lesions in the lungs at the time of the first hospitalization. Her skin was clean without rashes. 3 months later she was hospitalized again having pulmonary infiltrates. Laboratory tests revealed that eosinophil was significantly increased. Cardiac involvement in a pathological process led to death. Histological examination of heart and lungs showed necrotic coronary vasculitis, granulomas and perivascular eosinophilic infiltrates in myocardium, endocardium, pericardium and pulmonary eosinophilic infiltrates.
TRANSPUPILLARY THERMOTHERAPY OF THE OPTIC NERVE DISK IN THE TREATMENT OF CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION
Authors: Юрьева  , Yureva Tatyana , Щуко  , Shchuko Andrey , Акуленко  , Akulenko Mikhail , Букина  , Bukina Vera
Published: April 2017

Purpose: to make a pathogenetic basis and assessment of the clinical efficacy of transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT)
of the optic nerve disc in central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).
Materials and methods: ophthalmological examination with in-depth study of regional hemodynamics, layered structure
of the retina, its electrical sensitivity and neural conductivity in 15 patients with CRVO before and after TTT of
the optic nerve disc.
Results. After TTT of the optic nerve in patients with CRVO, immediately after treatment visual acuity increased twofold,
the thickness of the retina significantly decreased in central and peripapillary regions and indices of high-speed
blood flow of central retinal vein improved. In 3-6 months, retinal thickness, ERG indices and visual evoked potentials
recovered practically to the level of the fellow eye.
It was established that after the TTT of the optic nerve the perfusion in the blood vessels of the retina and optic nerve
has improved, which was accompanied by a decrease in the height and the area of ischemic edema in the peripapillary
area, improved conduction of impulses along nerve fibers. In contrast to conservative therapy and laser coagulation,
after a single session of TTT of the optic nerve, visual function improvement occurred in 89 % of cases.
Conclusions. TTT of the optic disc is a highly effective, pathogenetically proved and safe method of treatment purposefully
influencing the regional hemodynamics, making possible to achieve positive structural and functional changes
of the visual system in CRVO.
Part 3: Impact of systemic conditions and medications on oral health
Authors: Critchlow Diana
Published: April 2017

The people who are treated in the community setting will often have multiple comorbidities. Systemic medical conditions can have a negative impact on oral health. In addition, the medications used to treat systemic conditions may also themselves cause oral symptoms. As a large proportion of patients treated by the community nursing team will be elderly, this paper will focus on common geriatric conditions that can display oral or dental symptoms. The effects of medications will be discussed and linked to oral complaints patients may express. The primary aims are to give a broad overview of the oral effects of ageing, of illness and of polypharmacy and advise on how these can be best managed by the nursing team.
Private deprivation of liberty
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: April 2017

The Court of Appeal has ruled that a person is deprived of their liberty in their own home even though care and treatment was provided in the person's own home and funded using the person's money.

In this article Richard Griffith discusses when a private deprivation of liberty must be authorised by a welfare order from the Court of Protection.
Promoting healthy teeth and gums
Authors: Neville Sarah
Published: April 2017

National Smile Month coincides with a recent focus on the importance of good dental hygiene. It is never too early to introduce children to this very important concept.
M is for the Melanin pigment…
Authors: Hammond Paula , Lillie Stephen
Published: April 2017

This month, we continue our series that takes the form of an extended alphabetical adventure around the body, helping children to get to know themselves a little better.
Latest developments
Authors: Tanuku Purnima , Leitch Neil
Published: April 2017

Send your letters, news stories or latest developments to: The Editor, Child Care, St Jude's Church, Dulwich Road, Herne Hill, London, SE24 0PB email: childcare@markallengroup.com
From where mighty oaks come
Authors: Garner Lynne
Published: April 2017

Seeds are little parcels of life that are all around us, if you take time to look. So why not explore this miracle of nature and support children with their understanding of the world.
Non traumatic chest pain – pericarditis
Authors: Mootham Andrew
Published: April 2017

Pericarditis is an inflammation of the two layers of the thin, sac-like membrane that surrounds the heart. This membrane is called the pericardium, so the term pericarditis means inflammation of the pericardium. The causes of pericarditis are thought to be viral, fungal or bacterial in nature. Pericarditis may also present as a result of a myocardial infarction (MI). The presenting signs and symptoms of pericarditis are described as a chest pain which may radiate to the arm and jaw, a pericardial friction rub (a scratching or creaking sound produced by the layers of the pericardium rubbing over one another) on auscultation of heart sounds. The diagnosis of straight forward pericarditis may be within the scope of practice of the Emergency Care Practitioner (ECP). It would be possible for the ECP to reach a working diagnosis and even to initiate a treatment regime, which would predominantly consist of providing analgesia to make the patient more comfortable.
Managing problems with medications for type 2 diabetes
Authors: Morris David
Published: April 2017

Matching the right treatment for type 2 diabetes to the right patient is vital. David Morris examines the factors that determine which medications should be used in which cases, as well as the best ways to avoid or mitigate potential side effects

The most recent National Institue for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and European Association for the Study of Diabetes guidelines on management of type 2 diabetes ( NICE, 2015 ; Inzucchi et al, 2015 ) emphasise the need to individualise glycemic targets and treatments, and highlight that working in partnership with the person concerned should be central to decision making. In addition to assessing the likely efficacy of a treatment, consideration should be given to tolerability and safety. The possibility of medication problems and side-effects needs to be anticipated and if a medication is chosen then a means for identifying and dealing with these should be considered in advance. Most adverse drug reactions are predictable and dose-dependent, the exception being allergic reactions. This article will consider problems arising with medications used for type 2 diabetes, excluding insulin.
The introduction of the HPV primary screening programme
Authors: Kothari Aine
Published: April 2017

Screening for Human Papilloma Virus is to be included as a primary test in the English cervical screening programme. Aine Kothari outlines the background behind this decision as well as the benefits for patients and healthcare professionals

Women aged 25-49 (24½ in England) are invited for cervical screening (previously referred to as a smear test) every three years and screening is undertaken every five years in women aged 50-64. Cervical screening can detect early changes in cervical cells, which if left undetected and untreated could lead to cancer of cervix. 99.9% of cervical cancers are caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Plans are in place to implement HPV primary screening into the cervical screening programme. HPV primary screening involves testing all cervical samples for HPV and undertaking cytology only on samples that are HPV positive. The decision to implement HPV primary screening in the cervical screening programme follows on from the report of the ARTISTIC Trial. This article discusses the background to the introduction of HPV primary screening.
Would ‘growing our own’ practice nurses solve the workforce crisis?
Authors: Lewis Robin , Kelly Shona
Published: April 2017

General practice is not just facing a severe shortfall in doctors, it could also see nurse numbers plummet in the coming years. Robin Lewis and Shona Kelly argue that it's now more important than ever to take positive action to train a new generation of practice nurses
Research Roundup
Authors: Winter George
Published: April 2017

George Winter provides an overview of recently published articles that may be of interest to practice nurses. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided.
Gêneros textuais datasheet e artigo científico em aulas de ESP
Authors: Fadanelli Sabrina Bonqueves , Monzón Andrea Jessica Borges
Published: April 2017

A linha Sociorretórica de estudos de gêneros textuais (SWALES, 1990; BAZERMAN, 1997) tem apresentado resultados interessantes para o ensino de Inglês para Fins Específicos (ESP), muitos destes voltados para gêneros acadêmicos (BIBER et al., 2002). O presente artigo objetivou extrair dados relevantes para a preparação de material para o ensino de terminologia técnica em aulas de ESP no ambiente acadêmico. Assim sendo, artigos acadêmicos da área de Computação foram comparados a um gênero específico da área de Eletrotécnica: os datasheets. Utilizando ferramentas computacionais como o AntConc e o TermoStat e corpora destes dois gêneros, foram observadas as características apresentadas pelas ocorrências mais frequentes de colocações especializadas (HAUSMMAN, 1990). Os resultados apontam similaridades e diferenças entre as colocações especializadas nos gêneros artigo acadêmico e datasheet, evidenciando a importância da aplicação da Linguística de Corpus no planejamento do professor de ESP.
Modelagem topológica do perfil sistêmico-funcional de manuais de instrução no espaço gramatical
Authors: Oliveira Francieli Silvéria , Figueredo Giacomo Patrocinio , Campolina Thaís Guerra
Published: April 2017

Embasado nos pressupostos da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional e da Linguística de Corpus, o presente artigo investiga o modo pelo qual os sistemas gramaticais da oração contribuem para a produção de significados do texto. Mais especificamente, objetiva construir um modelo dinâmico da gramática que descreva a produção textual no manual de instrução em português brasileiro. Uma vez que a língua é constituída de probabilidades de ocorrência de funções que compõem subconjuntos, aos quais se denominam aqui, é possível descrevê-los à medida que as funções linguísticas são descritas. Para a modelagem, foi compilado um corpus de manuais de instrução e analisado segundo os sistemas principais da oração. Os resultados mostram como foi possível produzir um modelo, o qual aponta que as funções que realizam o manual prototipicamente são processo material, relacional e verbal, modo declarativo e jussivo e tema default e perspectiva. Além disso, configura-se como uma das formas de generalização das probabilidades maiores de escolhas dos sistemas gramaticais para esse gênero textual.
The Hippo Pathway Maintains the Equatorial Division Plane in the CiliateTetrahymena
Authors: Jiang Yu-Yang , Maier Wolfgang , Baumeister Ralf , Minevich Gregory , Joachimiak Ewa , Ruan Zheng , Kannan Natarajan , Clarke Diamond , Frankel Joseph , Gaertig Jacek
Published: April 2017

The mechanisms governing organelle pattern formation in ciliates are still poorly understood. Jiang et al. investigate how the cell duplicates its....

The mechanisms that govern pattern formation within the cell are poorly understood. Ciliates carry on their surface an elaborate pattern of cortical organelles that are arranged along the anteroposterior and circumferential axes by largely unknown mechanisms. Ciliates divide by tandem duplication: the cortex of the predivision cell is remodeled into two similarly sized and complete daughters. In the conditional cdaI-1 mutant of Tetrahymena thermophila, the division plane migrates from its initially correct equatorial position toward the cell’s anterior, resulting in unequal cell division, and defects in nuclear divisions and cytokinesis. We used comparative whole genome sequencing to identify the cause of cdaI-1 as a mutation in a Hippo/Mst kinase. CdaI is a cortical protein with a cell cycle-dependent, highly polarized localization. Early in cell division, CdaI marks the anterior half of the cell, and later concentrates at the posterior end of the emerging anterior daughter. Despite the strong association of CdaI with the new posterior cell end, the cdaI-1 mutation does not affect the patterning of the new posterior cortical organelles. We conclude that, in Tetrahymena, the Hippo pathway maintains an equatorial position of the fission zone, and, by this activity, specifies the relative dimensions of the anterior and posterior daughter cell.
The Breastfeeding-Friendly Pediatric Office Practice
Authors: Meek Joan Younger , Hatcher Amy J. ,   SECTION ON BREASTFEEDING, Johnston Margreete , O’Connor Mary , Stellwagen Lisa , Thomas Jennifer , Ware Julie , Schanler Richard
Published: April 2017

The landscape of breastfeeding has changed over the past several decades as more women initiate breastfeeding in the postpartum period and more hospitals are designated as Baby-Friendly Hospitals by following the evidence-based Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding. The number of births in such facilities has increased more than sixfold over the past decade. With more women breastfeeding and stays in the maternity facilities lasting only a few days, the vast majority of continued breastfeeding support occurs in the community. Pediatric care providers evaluate breastfeeding infants and their mothers in the office setting frequently during the first year of life. The office setting should be conducive to providing ongoing breastfeeding support. Likewise, the office practice should avoid creating barriers for breastfeeding mothers and families or unduly promoting infant formula. This clinical report aims to review practices shown to support breastfeeding that can be implemented in the outpatient setting, with the ultimate goal of increasing the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and the continuation of any breastfeeding.
POLIKLULTUR IKAN KERAPU LUMPUR (Epinebhelus suillus) DAN BERONANG (Siganus javus) YANG DIBERI PAKAN BERBEDA DALAM HAMPANG DI TAMBAK
Authors: Daud Rohama , Utojo Utojo , Rasjid Fadlil
Published: April 2017

Telah dilaklkan penelitian pemberian jenis pakan berbeda dalam polikultur ikan kerapulumpur (E,suillus) dan beronang (S.javus) untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis pakan terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidupnya. Empat jenis perlakuan yang telah dilakukan yaitu pakan komersial atau pelet untuk ikan bandeng (A), ikan mujair (B), campuran pelet dengan ikan mujair (C) dan tanpa pakan (D).
PERTUMBUHAN KEPITING BAKAU, BANDENG DAN NILA MERAH DI TAMBAK TANAH GAMBUT
Authors: Hanafi Adi , Mustafa Akhmad , Pantjara Brata
Published: April 2017

Produktivitas tambak tanah gambut yang baru dibangun untuk budidaya udang windu rendah yang disebabkan oleh kualitas lingkungan yang kurang baik. Kepiting bakau, bandeng dan nila merah diperkirakan lebih sesuai untuk kondisi yang demikian.
PENGARUH PEMOTONGAN TANGKAI MATA (ABLASI) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN JUVENIL UDANG GALAH (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)
Authors: Hadie Wartono , Rejeki Sri , Hadie Lies Emmawati
Published: April 2017

Penelitian ablasi mete secara unilateral dan bilateral di laboratorium dilakukan terhadap stadium juvenil udang galah (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan dan daya kelangsungan hidupnya.
TOKSISITAS AKUT (Lc50-96 JAM) MINYAK BUMI, DISPERSAN DAN CAMPURAN KEDUANYA TERHADAP IKAN MUJAIR (Oreocbromis mossanbicus)
Authors: Husnah Husnah
Published: April 2017

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui toksisitas akut (L.50-96 iam) minyak bumi, dispersan BP 1100 X dan campuran keduanya terhadap ikan mujeir (Oreocbromis mossambicus) telah dilakukan di Laboratorium LEMIGAS Jakarta selama 3 bulan.
PENGHAMBATAN PEMBUSUKAN "PRESS LIQUOR" DARI PENGOLAHAN TEPUNG IKAN DENGAN PERLAKUAN ASAM FORMIAT DAN PEMANASAN
Authors: Irianto Hari Eko , Suryaningrum Theresia Dwi , Suparno Suparno , Muljanah Ijah
Published: April 2017

Press liquor yang merupakan hasil samping pengolahen tepung ikan mudah sekali mengalami pembusukan. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mendepatken cara pengolahan tepung ikan yang dapat menghambat proses pembusukan press liquor tersebut.
Antifungal activity of cultivated oyster mushrooms on various agro-wastes
Authors: Owaid Mustafa Nadhim , Al-Saeedi Sajid Salahuddin Saleem , Al-Assaffii Idham Ali Abed
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the antifungal activity of four fruiting bodies of oyster mushroom harvested from three agro-substrates in vitro. At three concentrations (2, 4 and 8 mg/disc), extracts discs of Pleurotus ostreatus (grey), P. ostreatus var. florida, P. cornucopiae var. citrinopileatus and P. salmoneostramineus were tested against three fungal pathogens: Trichoderma harzianum (after 2 days), Verticillium sp. and Pythium sp. (after 5 days) via the Disc Diffusion Method. The highest overall activity was by the extract disc Y2 (P. cornucopiae grown on M2 substrate; 70% wheat straw, 20% hardwood sawdust and 10% date palm fibers) and the lowest by Y1 (P. cornucopiae grown on wheat straw). The best inhibition zone was 16 mm toward T. harzianum by extract disc W2 (2 mg/disc) (P. ostreatus var. florida grown on M2 substrate), compared with 23 mm with Nystatin disc (100 U), followed 7 and 5 mm by P3 (P. salmoneostramineus grown on M3 substrate; 50% wheat straw, 30% hardwood sawdust and 20% date palm fibers) extract disc (8 mg/disc) against Pythium sp., and (4 mg/disc) against Verticillium sp., respectively.
Resistência de linhagens de alface-crespa às raças de Bremia lactucae identificadas no Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Tobar-Tosse Dora Enith , Candido Willame dos Santos , Marin Marcus Vinicius , Panizi Rita de Cassia , Barbosa Jose Carlos , Braz Leila Trevisan
Published: April 2017

RESUMO Sob condições controladas em câmara tipo BOD, oito linhagens de alface crespa e a cultivar Solaris, foram avaliadas por meio de um índice de latência (IL) como medida da severidade do míldio, e a resposta de resistência por meio da porcentagem de plântulas com esporângios (PE), quando inoculadas com nove raças de Bremia lactucae isoladamente e com a única mistura de todas as raças. O IL e a PE nas linhagens foram inferiores aos apresentados na cultivar Solaris utilizada como padrão de suscetibilidade. As linhagens L1, L2, L3 e L4, foram altamente resistentes quando inoculadas (PE=0,0%) com às nove raças/mistura, as linhagens L5, L6, L7 e L8, dependendo da raça/mistura inoculada apresentaram alto nível de resistência (PE=0-4,6%), resistência incompleta (PE=6,0-15,1%), e a linhagem L5 apresentou reação heterogênea de resistência e suscetibilidade à raça SPBl:07 (PE=27,9% ).
Alternative control to black spot disease in papaya genotypes
Authors: Santos Pedro Henrique Dias dos , Silveira Silvaldo Felipe da , Vivas Marcelo , Carvalho Beatriz Murizini , Pereira Messias Gonzaga
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT To find control forms alternative to fungicides, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of products with potential to control black spot (Asperisporium caricae) in different papaya genotypes. Installed in a greenhouse, the experiment was conducted in randomized blocks (RB) with factorial arrangement 5x6, three replicates, and spraying of four products (Bion®, Bordeaux mixture, Ecolife®, and Bordasul®) in six papaya genotypes (‘Sunrise Solo PT’, ‘STZ 03’, ‘Golden’, ‘Tailândia’, ‘Maradol’ and ‘UENF-CALIMAN 01’), while control was sprayed only with water. The severity (BSS) and the incidence (BSI) of black spot on the leaves were quantified, as well as the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). There was variability among the evaluated genotypes, highlighting ‘STZ 03’, ‘Maradol’ and ‘UENF/CALIMAN 01’ as the most resistant genotypes. ‘Tailândia’ (susceptible) showed greater response to the products. Plants sprayed with Bion®, Bordeaux mixture and Bordasul® had reduced black spot means.
Variabilidad de Baja Frecuencia de la Persistencia de la Temperatura en el Sudeste de Sudamérica
Authors: Naumann Gustavo , Vargas Walter
Published: April 2017

Resumen Se analizan las estructuras de las autocovarianzas y autocorrelaciones de las temperaturas máximas y mínimas en estaciones de referencia en el sudeste de Sudamérica. A través de estas propiedades se observa que existen oscilaciones de períodos entre 18 y 25 años en las series bajo estudio, aunque estas periodicidades presentan cambios con el tiempo, especialmente entre los años 1950-1970. La excepción es Río Gallegos donde la periodicidad de 18 años se observa durante todo el registro. La persistencia definida mediante el primer coeficiente de autocorrelación es función de la cantidad de términos de autocovarianza negativas. No obstante, durante algunos años es dependiente de la magnitud de los términos positivos dados por las irrupciones cálidas o frías intensas. Entre los años 1950 y 1970 se ha observado un aumento de la variabilidad con una alta alternancia entre períodos de mayor y menor persistencia. Estos cambios analizados en la persistencia sugieren una variación en la frecuencia de distintos tipos de circulación que tienen un impacto directo en la estructura térmica regional. Así mismo, variaciones de este tipo pueden tener serios impactos socio-económicos ya que estos afectarían directamente la frecuencia y duración de los eventos extremos. Esto tiene importancia también en el diseño de métodos de control y consistencia ya que en ellos es posible considerar como outlier o información errónea los cambios producidos por las irrupciones de escala sinóptica mencionadas anteriormente.
Modelagem dos Recursos Eólicos sobre Moçambique Considerando um Cenário de Mudanças Climáticas
Authors: Silva Emerson Mariano da , Banga Nelson Mário , Alves José Maria Brabo
Published: April 2017

Resumo Este trabalho apresenta uma aplicação da técnica de redução de escala (dynamic downscaling) usando-se o modelo regional RAMS6.0 (Regional Atmospheric Modelling System) forçado por campos de saída do modelo de circulação global HadGEM2-ES, com objetivo de estimar o potencial eólico nas regiões de Moçambique considerando um cenário de mudanças climáticas definido pelo IPCC. Os resultados mostraram desempenho satisfatório do modelo RAMS6.0 na reprodução de padrões médios de campos dos ventos obtidos nas reanálises do CFSR e MERRA durante o período de 1985-2005. Os campos de ventos simulados a 10, 50 e 100 m de altura, sob condições do cenário de emissão RCP8.5 do IPCC, para o período de 2079-2099, mostraram-se com valores superiores em relação aos campos de ventos para o período de 1985-2005. Além disso, há evidências de um aumento na densidade de energia eólica nas regiões de Moçambique para o período de 2079-2099, particularmente durante o inverno nas regiões centro e sul do país.
Ingredients derived from the slaughter of bovines in dog food
Authors: Loureiro Karina De Carli , Haese Douglas , Kill João Luís , Pires Achicine Furno , Fernandes Danieli Rankel , Colnago Geraldo Luiz , Lucas Wendius Henrique , Gama Gabriela Oliveira
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the nutritional levels, apparent digestibility coefficients, and faecal characteristics of dogs fed with four by-products from bovine slaughter: testicles, residue sirloin steak, trachea, and liver. Ingredients were processed and packed in tins for heat treatment in autoclaves. For the digestibility and faeces quality, ingredients were mixed with a reference diet (commercial food) in the proportion of 30g kg-1 test ingredient and 70g kg-1 reference diet (as dry matter). Ten adult dogs were distributed in double Latin block squares (5x5) with five treatments and five periods, totalling ten repetitions per treatment. The residue sirloin steak presented the highest levels of essential (414.2g kg-1 of dry matter) and non-essential (399.0g kg-1 of dry matter) amino acids in tested ingredients. No differences (P>0.05) were observed in apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter - ADCDM (907g kg-1), ADCOM (930g kg-1), ADCCP (841g kg-1), ADCAEE (954g kg-1) values, and DE (5069kcal kg-1) and ME (4781kcal kg-1) values between testicle, residue sirloin steak, and liver. The trachea presented lower digestibility and energy values (digestible and metabolizable) than the other ingredients. This lower trachea digestibility resulted in higher faecal volume for natural and dry matter (P<0.05). There was no difference (P>0.05) in faecal score between ingredients. Ingredients tested in this study can be used in feeds for adult dogs; however, their nutritional levels and digestibility values should be considered for correct diet balance.