bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved Polynomial Fuzzy Modeling and Controller with Stability Analysis for Nonlinear Dynamical Systems
Authors: Kharrati Hamed , Khanmohammadi Sohrab , Pedrycz Witold , Alizadeh Ghasem
Published: December 2012

This study presents an improved model and controller for nonlinear plants using polynomial fuzzy model‐based (FMB) systems. To minimize mismatch between the polynomial fuzzy model and nonlinear plant, the suitable parameters of membership functions are determined in a systematic way. Defining an appropriate fitness function and utilizing Taylor series expansion, a genetic algorithm (GA) is used to form the shape of membership functions in polynomial forms, which are afterwards used in fuzzy modeling. To validate the model, a controller based on proposed polynomial fuzzy systems is designed and then applied to both original nonlinear plant and fuzzy model for comparison. Additionally, stability analysis for the proposed polynomial FMB control system is investigated employing Lyapunov theory and a sum of squares (SOS) approach. Moreover, the form of the membership functions is considered in stability analysis. The SOS‐based stability conditions are attained using SOSTOOLS. Simulation results are also given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Magnetohydrodynamic and Slip Effects on the Flow and Mass Transfer over a Microcantilever‐Based Sensor
Authors: Akgül M. B. , Pakdemirli M.
Published: December 2012

Hydromagnetic flow and mass transfer of a viscous incompressible fluid over a microcantilever sensor surface are studied in the presence of slip flow. In addition, chemical reaction at the sensor surface is taken into account. The governing equations for the flow are reduced to a local nonsimilarity form. Resulting equations are solved numerically for various values of flow parameters. Effects of physical quantities on the velocity and concentration profiles are discussed in detail.
Infective Endocarditis: A Rare Organism in an Uncommon Setting
Authors: Ananthakrishna Rajiv , Shankarappa Ravindranath K. , Jagadeesan Naveena , Math Ravi S. , Karur Satish , Nanjappa Manjunath C.
Published: December 2012

Facklamia hominisis a rare causative organism of infective endocarditis (IE). Only few cases of infection due toF. hominishave been reported in the literature. We describe a case of IE due to Gram-positive, alpha-haemolytic, catalase-negative coccusF. hominisin an adult patient with rheumatic mitral stenosis. Isolated mitral stenosis is an uncommon valve lesion predisposing to IE. The following paper is being presented to emphasize the possibility of IE due toF. hominis, and laboratories need to be alert of the potential significance in appropriate clinical setting.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Multiple Sclerosis Overlap: A Case Report
Authors: Trojsi Francesca , Sagnelli Anna , Cirillo Giovanni , Piccirillo Giovanni , Femiano Cinzia , Izzo Francesco , Monsurrò Maria Rosaria , Tedeschi Gioacchino
Published: December 2012

The concurrence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS) is extremely rare. We reported the case of a 33-year-old woman with a past history of paresthesias at the right hand, who developed progressive quadriparesis with muscular atrophy of limbs and, finally, bulbar signs and dyspnea. Clinical and neurophysiologic investigations revealed upper and lower motor neuron signs in the bulbar region and extremities, suggesting the diagnosis of ALS. Moreover, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis demonstrated 3 periventricular and juxtacortical lesions, hyperintense in T2 and FLAIR sequences, and 3 liquoral immunoglobulin G (IgG) oligoclonal bands, consistent with diagnosis of primary progressive MS (PPMS). This unusual overlap of ALS and MS leads to the discussion of a hypothetical common pathological process of immunological dysfunction in these two disorders, although the role of immune response in ALS remains ambivalent and unclear.
Electronic Structure of Hydrogenated and Surface-Modified GaAs Nanocrystals: Ab Initio Calculations
Authors: Naji Nasir Hamsa , Abdulsattar Mudar A. , Abduljalil Hayder M.
Published: December 2012

Two methods are used to simulate electronic structure of gallium arsenide nanocrystals. The cluster full geometrical optimization procedure which is suitable for small nanocrystals and large unit cell that simulates specific parts of larger nanocrystals preferably core part as in the present work. Because of symmetry consideration, large unit cells can reach sizes that are beyond the capabilities of first method. The two methods use ab initio Hartree-Fock and density functional theory, respectively. The results show that both energy gap and lattice constant decrease in their value as the nanocrystals grow in size. The inclusion of surface part in the first method makes valence band width wider than in large unit cell method that simulates the core part only. This is attributed to the broken symmetry and surface passivating atoms that split surface degenerate states and adds new levels inside and around the valence band. Bond length and tetrahedral angle result from full geometrical optimization indicate good convergence to the ideal zincblende structure at the centre of hydrogenated nanocrystal. This convergence supports large unit cell methodology. Existence of oxygen atoms at nanocrystal surface melts down density of states and reduces energy gap.
Triptolide Transcriptionally Represses HER2 in Ovarian Cancer Cells by Targeting NF-κB
Authors: Ou Chien-Chih , Chen Yuan-Wu , Hsu Shih-Chung , Sytwu Huey-Kang , Loh Shih-Hurng , Li Jhy-Wei , Liu Jah-Yao
Published: December 2012

Triptolide (TPL) inhibits the proliferation of a variety of cancer cells and has been proposed as an effective anticancer agent. In this study, we demonstrate that TPL downregulates HER2 protein expression in oral, ovarian, and breast cancer cells. It suppresses HER2 protein expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Transrepression of HER2 promoter activity by TPL is also observed. The interacting site of TPL on the HER2 promoter region is located between −207 and −103 bps, which includes a putative binding site for the transcription factor NF-κB. Previous reports demonstrated that TPL suppresses NF-κB expression. We demonstrate that overexpression of NF-κB rescues TPL-mediated suppression of HER2 promoter activity and protein expression in NIH3T3 cells and ovarian cancer cells, respectively. In addition, TPL downregulates the activated (phosphorylated) forms of HER2, phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K), and serine/threonine-specific protein kinase (Akt). TPL also inhibits tumor growth in a mouse model. Furthermore, TPL suppresses HER2 and Ki-67 expression in xenografted tumors based on an immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay. These findings suggest that TPL transrepresses HER2 and suppresses the downstream PI3K/Akt-signaling pathway. Our study reveals that TPL can inhibit tumor growth and thereby may serve as a potential chemotherapeutic agent.
Studies of Moisture Absorption and Release Behaviour of Akund Fiber
Authors: Yang Xue , Huang Liqian , Cheng Longdi , Yu Jianyong
Published: December 2012

Akund fiber is a new type of natural cellulose fiber. Because of its excellent properties, akund fiber has become one of the new ecological materials which have huge development potential. Recently natural fibers have shown great promise in a variety of applications that were previously dominated by synthetic fibers due to their important aspects of biocompatibility, possible biodegradation, nontoxicity, and abundance. Moisture absorption and release behaviour of natural fiber plastic composites is one major concern in their outdoor applications. So the knowledge of the moisture content and the moisture absorption and release rate is very much essential for the application of akund fiber as an excellent reinforcement in polymers. An effort has been made to study the moisture absorption and release behaviour of akund fiber and the mechanical performance of it at relative air humidity from 0% to 100%. The gain and loss in moisture content in akund fiber due to water absorption and release were measured as a function of exposure time under the environment, in which temperature is 20°C and humidity is 65%. The regression equations of the absorption and release process were established.
HPLC Method Determination of Isoliquiritin Apioside and Isoliquiritin in Rat Plasma for Application in Pharmacokinetic Study after an Oral Administration of Zhigancao Extract
Authors: Yang Yan-yun , Xu Liang , Hao Song-yao , Li Yan , Zhang Zhen-Qiu
Published: December 2012

A sensitive HPLC method was developed for the quantitative determination of isoliquiritin apioside (ILA) and isoliquiritin (IL) in rat plasma. After protein precipitation with acetonitrile, chloroform was used to separate lipid-soluble impurities from the plasma samples and remove acetonitrile. A chromatography was carried out on Diamonsil C18 (150×4.6 mm; 5 μm) analytical column, using a mobile phase consisting of water (containing phosphoric acid 0.1%, v/v); acetonitrile (72 : 28, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The wavelength-switching technology was performed to determine ILA and IL at 360 nm and wogonoside (internal standard, IS) at 276 nm. The calibration curves of ILA and IL were fairly linear over the concentration ranges of 0.060–3.84 μg/mL (r=0.9954) and 0.075–4.80 μg/mL (r=0.9968), respectively. The average extract recoveries of ILA, IL, and IS were all over 80%. The precision and accuracy for all concentrations of quality controls and standards were within 15%. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.060 μg/mL for ILA and 0.075 μg/mL for IL. The method was used in pharmacokinetic study after an oral administration of Zhigancao extract to rats.
Clinical Relevance of Autoantibodies in Patients with Autoimmune Bullous Dermatosis
Authors: Mihályi Lilla , Kiss Mária , Dobozy Attila , Kemény Lajos , Husz Sándor
Published: December 2012

The authors present their experience related to the diagnosis, treatment, and followup of 431 patients with bullous pemphigoid, 14 patients with juvenile bullous pemphigoid, and 273 patients with pemphigus. The detection of autoantibodies plays an outstanding role in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Paraneoplastic pemphigoid is suggested to be a distinct entity from the group of bullous pemphigoid in view of the linear C3 deposits along the basement membrane of the perilesional skin and the “ladder” configuration of autoantibodies demonstrated by western blot analysis. It is proposed that IgA pemphigoid should be differentiated from the linear IgA dermatoses. Immunosuppressive therapy is recommended in which the maintenance dose of corticosteroid is administered every second day, thereby reducing the side effects of the corticosteroids. Following the detection of IgA antibodies (IgA pemphigoid, linear IgA bullous dermatosis, and IgA pemphigus), diamino diphenyl sulfone (dapsone) therapy is preferred alone or in combination. The clinical relevance of autoantibodies in patients with autoimmune bullous dermatosis is stressed.
Multiple Maneuvering Target Tracking by Improved Particle Filter Based on Multiscan JPDA
Authors: Liu Jing , Han ChongZhao , Han Feng , Hu Yu
Published: December 2012

The multiple maneuvering target tracking algorithm based on a particle filter is addressed. The equivalent‐noise approach is adopted, which uses a simple dynamic model consisting of target state and equivalent noise which accounts for the combined effects of the process noise and maneuvers. The equivalent‐noise approach converts the problem of maneuvering target tracking to that of state estimation in the presence of nonstationary process noise with unknown statistics. A novel method for identifying the nonstationary process noise is proposed in the particle filter framework. Furthermore, a particle filter based multiscan Joint Probability Data Association (JPDA) filter is proposed to deal with the data association problem in a multiple maneuvering target tracking. In the proposed multiscan JPDA algorithm, the distributions of interest are the marginal filtering distributions for each of the targets, and these distributions are approximated with particles. The multiscan JPDA algorithm examines the joint association events in a multiscan sliding window and calculates the marginal posterior probability based on the multiscan joint association events. The proposed algorithm is illustrated via an example involving the tracking of two highly maneuvering, at times closely spaced and crossed, targets, based on resolved measurements.
Charged-Current Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering off the Even Molybdenum Isotopes
Authors: Ydrefors E. , Suhonen J.
Published: December 2012

Neutrinos from supernovae constitute important probes of both the currently unknown supernova mechanisms and of neutrino properties. Reliable information about the nuclear responses to supernova neutrinos is therefore crucial. In this work, we compute the cross sections for the charged-current neutrino-nucleus scattering off the even-even molybdenum isotopes. The nuclear responses to supernova neutrinos are subsequently calculated by folding the cross sections with a Fermi-Dirac distribution.
Measurement by FIB on the ISS: Two Emissions of Solar Neutrons Detected?
Authors: Muraki Y. , Koga K. , Goka T. , Matsumoto H. , Obara T. , Okudaira O. , Shibata S. , Yamamoto T.
Published: December 2012

A new type of solar neutron detector (FIB) was launched on board the Space Shuttle Endeavour on July 16, 2009, and began collecting data at the International Space Station (ISS) on August 25, 2009. This paper summarizes the three years of observations obtained by the solar neutron detector FIB until the end of July 2012. The solar neutron detector FIB can determine both the energy and arrival direction of neutrons. We measured the energy spectra of background neutrons over the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) region and elsewhere and found the typical trigger rates to be 20 and 0.22 counts/sec, respectively. It is possible to identify solar neutrons to within a level of 0.028 counts/sec, provided that directional information is applied. Solar neutrons were possibly observed in association with the M-class solar flares that occurred on March 7 (M3.7) and June 7 (M2.5) of 2011. This marked the first time that neutrons had been observed in M-class solar flares. A possible interpretation of the production process is provided.
Causes of Resistant Hypertension Detected by a Standardized Algorithm
Authors: Limonta Livia Beatriz Santos , Valandro Letícia dos Santos , Shiraishi Flávio Gobis , Barretti Pasqual , Franco Roberto Jorge da Silva , Martin Luis Cuadrado
Published: December 2012

Resistant hypertension (RH) is characterized by blood pressure above 140 × 90 mm Hg, despite the use, in appropriate doses, of three antihypertensive drug classes, including a diuretic, or the need of four classes to control blood pressure. Resistant hypertension patients are under a greater risk of presenting secondary causes of hypertension and may be benefited by therapeutical approach for this diagnosis. However, the RH is currently little studied, and more knowledge of this clinical condition is necessary. In addition, few studies had evaluated this issue in emergent countries. Therefore, we proposed the analysis of specific causes of RH by using a standardized protocol in Brazilian patients diagnosed in a center for the evaluation and treatment of hypertension. The management of these patients was conducted with the application of a preformulated protocol which aimed at the identification of the causes of resistant hypertension in each patient through management standardization. The data obtained suggest that among patients with resistant hypertension there is a higher prevalence of secondary hypertension, than that observed in general hypertensive ones and a higher prevalence of sleep apnea as well. But there are a predominance of obesity, noncompliance with diet, and frequent use of hypertensive drugs. These latter factors are likely approachable at primary level health care, since that detailed anamneses directed to the causes of resistant hypertension are applied.
Polyol‐Free Synthesis of Uniformly Dispersed Pt/Graphene Oxide Electrocatalyst by Sulfuric Acid Treatment
Authors: Lee Tae Kyu , Park Hyang Jin , Kwon Min Ki , Jung Ju Hae , Kim Junbom , Hur Seung Hyun
Published: December 2012

Polyol‐free synthesis of highly loaded Pt catalysts on sulfuric‐acid‐treated graphene oxide (SGO) was reported. Sulfuric acid treatment increased the surface hydroxyl groups on graphene oxide (GO), which contributed to the reduction of Pt precursors in the absence of external reducing agent. By adjusting pH during the Pt reduction, we can get uniformly dispersed 2.5 nm size Pt nanoparticles on GO surface even at 50 wt% Pt loading amount. Cyclic voltammetry showed that increased pH resulted in increased electrochemical surface area.
Existence of Two Positive Periodic Solutions for a Neutral Multi‐Delay Logarithmic Population Model with a Periodic Harvesting Rate
Authors: Fang Hui
Published: December 2012

By using an abstract existence result based on a coincidence degree theory for k‐set contractive mapping, a new result is obtained for the existence of at least two positive periodic solutions for a neutral multidelay logarithmic population model with a periodic harvesting rate. An example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the result.
On the Periods of 2‐Step General Fibonacci Sequences in the Generalized Quaternion Groups
Authors: Ahmadi Bahram , Doostie Hossein
Published: December 2012

We study 2‐step general Fibonacci sequences in the generalized quaternion groups Q4n. In cases where the sequences are proved to be simply periodic, we obtain the periods of 2‐step general Fibonacci sequences.
Constrained Solutions of a System of Matrix Equations
Authors: Wang Qing-Wen , Yu Juan
Published: December 2012

We derive the necessary and sufficient conditions of and the expressions for the orthogonal solutions, the symmetric orthogonal solutions, and the skew‐symmetric orthogonal solutions of the system of matrix equations AX = B and XC = D, respectively. When the matrix equations are not consistent, the least squares symmetric orthogonal solutions and the least squares skew‐symmetric orthogonal solutions are respectively given. As an auxiliary, an algorithm is provided to compute the least squares symmetric orthogonal solutions, and meanwhile an example is presented to show that it is reasonable.
Mixed Germ Cell Tumor with Extensive Yolk Sac Tumor Elements in the Frontal Lobe of an Adult
Authors: Takahashi Toshihide , Ishikawa Eiichi , Masuda Yosuke , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Sato Taiki , Shibuya Makoto , Matsumura Akira
Published: December 2012

Intracranial nongerminomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs) in unusual locations are extremely rare. Here, we report a case of a yolk sac tumor in the frontal lobe in a middle-aged patient. A 42-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for headache and nausea. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an enhanced mass lesion with a marked cyst component. The serum alpha-fetoprotein (αFP) level was extremely high. Histological examination of specimens after subtotal removal revealed a primary mixed germ cell tumor with extensive yolk sac tumor elements, often referred to as an intracranial “yolk sac tumor.” The preoperative diagnosis of NGGCTs in unusual age and locations is extremely difficult. Clinicians should consider the possibility of NGGCTs, including yolk sac tumors, when intracranial tumors with unusual MRI findings are encountered.
Modulation of Immunity by Antiangiogenic Molecules in Cancer
Authors: Terme Magali , Colussi Orianne , Marcheteau Elie , Tanchot Corinne , Tartour Eric , Taieb Julien
Published: December 2012

In the last decades a new class of therapeutic drugs have been developed that block tumor angiogenesis. These antiangiogenic molecules, which target VEGF or VEGFR, PDGFR, and c-kit, can act not only on endothelial cells but also on immune cells. Some antiangiogenic molecules inhibit the development of immunosuppressive mechanisms developed by the tumors to escape the immune system (such as regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and immunosuppressive cytokines). These immunomodulatory effects must be characterized in detail to enable a better prescription of these treatments. In this paper we will focus on the impact of anti-angiogenic drugs on immunosuppression and their potential combination with immunotherapeutic strategies. Interestingly, immune parameters or their modulation during treatment could serve as potential biomarkers of response or resistance to anti-angiogenic therapies.
Optimal Geometric Mean Returns of Stocks and Their Options
Authors: Zhang Guoyi
Published: December 2012

The optimal geometric mean return is an important property of an asset. As a derivative
of the underlying asset, the option also has this property. In this paper, we show that the
optimal geometric mean returns of a stock and its option are the same from Kelly criterion.
It is proved by using binomial option pricing model and continuous stochastic models with
self-financing assumption. A simulation study reveals the same result for the continuous
option pricing model.
LMI Approach to Stability Analysis of Cohen‐Grossberg Neural Networks with p‐Laplace Diffusion
Authors: Wang Xiongrui , Rao Ruofeng , Zhong Shouming
Published: December 2012

The nonlinear p‐Laplace diffusion (p > 1) was considered in the Cohen‐Grossberg neural network (CGNN), and a new linear matrix inequalities (LMI) criterion is obtained, which ensures the equilibrium of CGNN is stochastically exponentially stable. Note that, if p = 2, p‐Laplace diffusion is just the conventional Laplace diffusion in many previous literatures. And it is worth mentioning that even if p = 2, the new criterion improves some recent ones due to computational efficiency. In addition, the resulting criterion has advantages over some previous ones in that both the impulsive assumption and diffusion simulation are more natural than those of some recent literatures.
Parabolic Fractional Maximal Operator in Modified Parabolic Morrey Spaces
Authors: Guliyev Vagif S. , Rahimova Kamala R.
Published: December 2012

We prove that the parabolic fractional maximal operatorMαP,0≤α<γ, is bounded from the modified parabolic Morrey spaceM̃1,λ,P(ℝn)to the weak modified parabolic Morrey spaceWM̃q,λ,P(ℝn)if and only ifα/γ≤1-1/q≤α/(γ-λ)and fromM̃p,λ,P(ℝn)toM̃q,λ,P(ℝn)if and only ifα/γ≤1/p-1/q≤α/(γ-λ). Hereγ=trPis the homogeneous dimension onℝn. In the limiting case(γ-λ)/α≤p≤γ/αwe prove that the operatorMαPis bounded fromM̃p,λ,P(ℝn)toL∞(ℝn). As an application, we prove the boundedness ofMαPfrom the parabolic Besov-modified Morrey spacesBM̃pθ,λs(ℝn)toBM̃qθ,λs(ℝn). As other applications, we establish the boundedness of some Schrödinger-ype operators on modified parabolic Morrey spaces related to certain nonnegative potentials belonging to the reverse Hölder class.
The Main Coronary Artery (LMCA) Thrombus Presented as an ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction in a Hypercoagulable Patient
Authors: Gottam Nithin , Stewart Douglas , Yamasaki Hiroshi , Ajjour Mohamad
Published: December 2012

Left main coronary artery (LMCA) thrombus is a clinically rare event and is thought to be secondary to plaque rupture with subsequent thrombus formation, persistent hypercoagulable state, cocaine use, or vasospasm. (Klein et al., 2008) here we present a case of LMCA thrombus that presented as an ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in a hypercoagulable patient.
Structural Learning about Directed Acyclic Graphs from Multiple Databases
Authors: Zhao Qiang
Published: December 2012

We propose an approach for structural learning of
directed acyclic graphs from multiple databases. We first learn a local structure
from each database separately, and then we combine these local structures
together to construct a global graph over all variables. In our approach, we
do not require conditional independence, which is a basic assumption in most
methods.
Affect and Cognitive Interference: An Examination of Their Effect on Self-Regulated Learning
Authors: Papantoniou Georgia , Moraitou Despina , Kaldrimidou Maria , Plakitsi Katerina , Filippidou Dimitra , Katsadima Effie
Published: December 2012

The present study examined the relationships among affect, self-regulated learning (SRL) strategy use, and course attainment in the didactics of mathematics (teaching mathematics) subject matter domain. The sample consisted of 180 undergraduate students attending a didactics of mathematics course (mean age = 21.1 years) at the School of Early Childhood Education. The participants were asked to respond to the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and the Cognitive Interference Questionnaire (CIQ). They also completed the Learning Strategies Scales of the MSLQ. Examination grades were used as the measure of course attainment. Pearson correlations and path analysis revealed that negative affect was positively related to cognitive interference, and positive affect influenced positively the use of almost all of the SRL strategies. Elaboration was the only SRL strategy found to predict the didactics of mathematics course attainment. Finally, cognitive interference was found to negatively predict course attainment.
Safety of a New Chewable Formulation of Mebendazole for Preventive Chemotherapy Interventions to Treat Young Children in Countries with Moderate-to-High Prevalence of Soil Transmitted Helminth Infections
Authors: Friedman Andrew J. , Ali Said M. , Albonico Marco
Published: December 2012

The primary objective was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of the new chewable formulation of mebendazole to treat soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections in children ≤10 years old with the goal of using this formulation in preventive chemotherapy programs and expand treatment to young children who are unable to swallow solid tablets. In this open-label, single-arm, phase 3 study conducted at Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania, children aged 2 to 10 years (median age: 4 years) were administered a single dose of the mebendazole 500 mg chewable tablet. Safety was assessed 30 minutes after dose and 3 days later. Of the 390 (98%) children who completed the study, 195 (55%) had ≥1 STH infection and 157 (45%) had no infection at baseline. The most common STH infections wereTrichuris trichiura(51%), hookworm (16%), andAscaris lumbricoides(7%). Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were experienced by 11% of children. There was no difference in the percentage of children experiencing TEAEs between the age strata of 2–5 years and 6–10 years. Diarrhea was reported only in children aged 2–5 years. No correlation was observed between the type or percentage of AEs and presence or severity of infection. A single dose of mebendazole 500 mg chewable tablet was safe and well tolerated in children aged 2 to 10 years.
Polynomials in Control Theory Parametrized by Their Roots
Authors: Aguirre-Hernández Baltazar , Cisneros-Molina José Luis , Frías-Armenta Martín-Eduardo
Published: December 2012

The aim of this paper is to introduce the space of roots to study the topological properties of the spaces of polynomials. Instead of identifying a monic complex polynomial with the vector of its coefficients, we identify it with the set of its roots. Viète's map gives a homeomorphism between the space of roots and the space of coefficients and it gives an explicit formula to relate both spaces. Using this viewpoint we establish that the space of monic (Schur or Hurwitz) aperiodic polynomials is contractible. Additionally we obtain a Boundary Theorem.
Long-Term Cosmic Ray Variability and the CME-Index
Authors: Mavromichalaki Helen , Paouris Evangelos
Published: December 2012

The cosmic ray modulation in relation to solar activity indices and heliospheric parameters during the period January 1996–October 2011, covering the solar cycle 23 and the ascending phase of solar cycle 24, is studied. The new perspective of this contribution is that the CME-index, obtained from only the CMEs with angular width greater than 30 degrees, gives much better results than in previous works. The proposed model for the calculation of the modulated cosmic ray intensity obtained from the combination of solar indices and heliospheric parameters gives a very satisfactory value of the standard deviation. The best reproduction of the cosmic ray intensity is obtained by taking into account solar and interplanetary indices such as sunspot number, interplanetary magnetic field, CME-index, and heliospheric current sheet tilt. The standard deviation between the observed and calculated values is about 6.63% for the solar cycle 23 and 4.13% for the ascending part of solar cycle 24.
Aortic Deceleration Injury Treated by Endograft: A Case Report with 11-Year Followup
Authors: Hu Zhi-Wei , Gao Wang-Zhong , Gu Yong-Quan , Chen Bing , Zhu Guang-Chang , Liang Wei-Tao , Ning Ya-Chan
Published: December 2012

Aortic deceleration injury is a common and critical condition following automobile accident with high fatality. The survivors complicated with associated serious injuries are even rare and definitive treatment is required. A 37-year-old male patient had both aortic blunt injury and coronary artery injury after a frontal car collision. After failed coronary artery percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and deteriorated aortic lesion, the ruptured aorta was subsequently successfully treated by us with a self-made individualized endograft. The endograft was well in position and the patient functioned well in 11-year followup. With the development of endograft and technique, the endovascular treatment may be an option for patients with complicated aortic blunt injury. Yet careful patient selection and the long-term followup are essential.
Prenatal Diagnosis and Pathology of Laryngeal Atresia in Congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome
Authors: Chaemsaithong Piya , Chansoon Tharintorn , Chanrachakul Boonsri , Worawichawong Suchin , Wongwaisayawan Sansanee , Promsonthi Patama
Published: December 2012

Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome is a rare but life-threatening condition. Therefore, prenatal diagnosis is important. The obstruction can be due to laryngeal/tracheal atresia or external compression. While a differential diagnosis with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) type III may be difficult, it is still possible with ultrasonography. In this study, we report a case of bilateral echogenic lungs with hydrops fetalis. After the prenatal diagnosis of laryngeal atresia, the couple opted to have an elective termination of pregnancy performed at 20 weeks of gestation. The diagnosis was confirmed by a complete pathological examination.
Recent Design Development in Molecular Imaging for Breast Cancer Detection Using Nanometer CMOS Based Sensors
Authors: Nguyen Dung C. , Ma Dongsheng (Brian) , Roveda Janet M. W.
Published: December 2012

As one of the key clinical imaging methods, the computed X-ray tomography can be further improved using new nanometer CMOS sensors. This will enhance the current technique's ability in terms of cancer detection size, position, and detection accuracy on the anatomical structures. The current paper reviewed designs of SOI-based CMOS sensors and their architectural design in mammography systems. Based on the existing experimental results, using the SOI technology can provide a low-noise (SNR around 87.8 db) and high-gain (30 v/v) CMOS imager. It is also expected that, together with the fast data acquisition designs, the new type of imagers may play important roles in the near-future high-dimensional images in additional to today's 2D imagers.
Bacteriological and Physicochemical Studies on Tigris River Near the Water Purification Stations within Baghdad Province
Authors: Al-Bayatti Khalid K. , Al-Arajy Kadhum H. , Al-Nuaemy Seba Hussain
Published: December 2012

We studied the physical, chemical, and microbiological factors that influence drinking water quality processed from River Tigris, and of the three main drinking water purification stations located at different parts of Tigris River, along with evaluation of drinking water of Al-Shula region in Baghdad city. Water samples were taken monthly from December 2009 to September 2010. Physical and chemical analyses of water included determination of temperature, pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and biological oxygen demand. The results of water before and after purification indicated values within the international allowable levels. Microbial analyses included estimation of the number of total viable microbial counts, total coliform, total fecalE. coliandPseudomonas aeruginosa, and other pathogenic bacteria that might be present in the water of the three stations and of the Tigris River, and also the tap water from Al-Shula houses. The results indicated that the types and proportions of various bacterial species isolated from different water sources were almost similar. This indicates inefficient purification procedures in all the stations studied, which exceeded the internationally allowable level of pathogens in potable water. Also, this explains the high incidence rate of children diarrheal reported in Al-Shula region.
Outcome Measures of Chinese Herbal Medicine for Hypertension: An Overview of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Wang Jie , Xiong Xingjiang
Published: December 2012

Objective.The aim of this overview was to summarize the outcome measures of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) for the treatment of hypertension based on available systematic reviews (SRs), so as to evaluate the potential benefits and advantages of CHM on hypertension.Methods.Literature searches were conducted in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, and 4 databases in Chinese. SRs of CHM for hypertension were included. Two independent reviewers (J. Wang and X. J. Xiong) extracted the data.Results.10 SRs were included. 2 SRs had primary endpoints, while others focused on secondary endpoints to evaluate CHM for hypertension such as blood pressure (BP) and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome. 6 SRs have reported the adverse effects, whereas the other 4 SRs have not mentioned it at all. Many CHM appeared to have significant effect on improving BP, TCM syndrome, and so on. However, most SRs failed to make a definite conclusion for the effectiveness of CHM for hypertension due to poor evidence.Conclusion.Primary endpoints have not been widely used currently. The benefits of CHM for hypertension need to be confirmed in the future with randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of more persuasive primary endpoints and high-quality SRs.
Predictive Value of Auricular Diagnosis on Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Kwai-Ping Suen Lorna , Lau Yuk-kong , Ma Hok-cheung , Lai Kam-wai , Holroyd Eleanor
Published: December 2012

The ear has a reflexive property; therefore, various physical attributes may appear on the auricle when disorders of the internal organs or other parts of the body exist. Auricular diagnostics is an objective, painless, and noninvasive method that provides rapid access to information. Thus, the association between auricular signals and coronary heart disease (CHD) should be further investigated. A case control study was conducted to determine the predictive value of auricular signals on 100 cases of CHD (CHD+ve = 50; CHD−ve = 50) via visual inspection, electrical skin resistance measurement, and tenderness testing. The results showed that the presence of an ear lobe crease (ELC) was significantly associated with coronary heart disease. The “heart” zone of the CHD+ve group significantly exhibited higher conductivity on both ears than that of the controls. The CHD+ve group experienced significant tenderness in the “heart” region compared with those in the CHD−ve group in both acute and chronic conditions. Further studies that take into consideration the impact of age, race, and earlobe shape on ELC prevalence in a larger sample should be done.
Leadership Practices in Effective Schools in Disadvantaged Areas of Canada
Authors: Bouchamma Yamina
Published: December 2012

Purpose.The purpose of this paper was to examine leadership practices in effective schools located in economically disadvantaged areas of three Canadian provinces: Ontario, Québec, and New Brunswick.Research Design.Our study was conducted in five successful schools selected on the basis of student outcomes on province-wide standardized exams, as well as on some risk factors such as rural area, low socioeconomic level, and proportion of Francophones (Ontario and New Brunswick). To increase the study’s validity, we used triangulation and various data sources: (1) individual interviews; (2) observation of school principals; (3) field documentation; (4) student essays; (5) internal school documents such as mission statement, rules, and directives.Participants.Participants included Department of Education heads and school board administrators, school principals and vice principals, teachers, school counsellors, educational psychologists, parent school board members, and students.Findings.Results show that leadership practices in effective schools can be grouped together around five dimensions: establishing goals and expectations; strategic resourcing; curriculum planning, coordination, and evaluation; promoting and participating in teacher supervision and development; ensuring order and support.
Prediction of Optimal Design and Deflection of Space Structures Using Neural Networks
Authors: Kamyab Moghadas Reza , Choong Kok Keong , Bin Mohd Sabarudin
Published: December 2012

The main aim of the present work is to determine the optimal design and maximum deflection of double layer grids spending low computational cost using neural networks. The design variables of the optimization problem are cross‐sectional area of the elements as well as the length of the span and height of the structures. In this paper, a number of double layer grids with various random values of length and height are selected and optimized by simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation algorithm. Then, radial basis function (RBF) and generalized regression (GR) neural networks are trained to predict the optimal design and maximum deflection of the structures. The numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed methodology.
Multiple Periodic Solutions of a Ratio‐Dependent Predator‐Prey Discrete Model
Authors: Zhou Tiejun , Zhang Xiaolan , Wang Min
Published: December 2012

A delayed ratio‐dependent predator‐prey discrete‐time model with nonmonotone functional response is investigated in this paper. By using the continuation theorem of Mawhins coincidence degree theory, some new sufficient conditions are obtained for the existence of multiple positive periodic solutions of the discrete model. An example is given to illustrate the feasibility of the obtained result.
On a Newton‐Type Method for Differential‐Algebraic Equations
Authors: Amat S. , Légaz M. J. , Pedregal P.
Published: December 2012

This paper deals with the approximation of systems of differential‐algebraic equations based on a certain error functional naturally associated with the system. In seeking to minimize the error, by using standard descent schemes, the procedure can never get stuck in local minima but will always and steadily decrease the error until getting to the solution sought. Starting with an initial approximation to the solution, we improve it by adding the solution of some associated linear problems, in such a way that the error is significantly decreased. Some numerical examples are presented to illustrate the main theoretical conclusions. We should mention that we have already explored, in some previous papers (Amat et al., in press, Amat and Pedregal, 2009, and Pedregal, 2010), this point of view for regular problems. However, the main hypotheses in these papers ask for some requirements that essentially rule out the application to singular problems. We are also preparing a much more ambitious perspective for the theoretical analysis of nonlinear DAEs based on this same approach.
The Management of Pregnancy in Women with Hepatocellular Adenoma: A Plea for an Individualized Approach
Authors: Bröker Mirelle E. E. , Ijzermans Jan N. M. , van Aalten Susanna M. , de Man Robert A. , Terkivatan Türkan
Published: December 2012

Because of the risk of hormone-induced growth and spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) during pregnancy, special considerations are required. Due to the scarcity of cases, there is no evidence-based algorithm for the evaluation and management of HCA during pregnancy. We think it should be questioned if it is justified to discourage pregnancy in all women with HCA. The biological behavior of this benign lesion might be less threatening than presumed and a negative advice concerning pregnancy has great impact on the lives of these young female patients. The balance between the pros and cons of hepatic adenomas and pregnancy should be reconsidered. In our center, pregnancy in women with an HCA up to 5 cm is no longer discouraged in close consultation with the patient, her partner, and members of the liver expert team.
Solving the Omitted Variables Problem of Regression Analysis Using the Relative Vertical Position of Observations
Authors: Leightner Jonathan E. , Inoue Tomoo
Published: December 2012

The omitted variables problem is one of regression analysis’ most serious problems. The standard approach to the omitted variables problem is to find instruments, or proxies, for the omitted variables, but this approach makes strong assumptions that are rarely met in practice. This paper introduces best projection reiterative truncated projected least squares (BP-RTPLS), the third generation of a technique that solves the omitted variables problem without using proxies or instruments. This paper presents a theoretical argument that BP-RTPLS produces unbiased reduced form estimates when there are omitted variables. This paper also provides simulation evidence that shows OLS produces between 250% and 2450% more errors than BP-RTPLS when there are omitted variables and when measurement and round-off error is 1 percent or less. In an example, the government spending multiplier, , is estimated using annual data for the USA between 1929 and 2010.
Patient Attitudes to Tonsillectomy
Authors: Ubayasiri Kishan , Kothari Ravi , McClelland Lisha , De Mriganka
Published: December 2012

Introduction. Recent changes to primary care trusts’ Procedures of Limited Clinical Value (PLCV) policy mean that otolaryngologists must now follow policy rather than exercising clinical judgment when listing patients for tonsillectomy. Objectives. To gauge perception within the general public of when tonsillectomy is acceptable and to compare this to the current policy. Method. All patients or their parents attending the adult and paediatric outpatient ENT departments were asked to anonymously complete questionnaires. Results. One hundred and twenty-five completed questionnaires were collected. Thirty-one percent of respondents thought tonsillectomy should be offered solely on patient request, 19% after one to three bouts, and 35% after four to six bouts of tonsillitis. Only 9% thought the current guidelines were reasonable. Patients who had suffered recurrent tonsillitis or had undergone previous tonsillectomy generally thought tonsillectomy advisable after more bouts of tonsillitis than those who had not. Fourteen patients fulfilled the SIGN guidelines for tonsillectomy for recurrent tonsillitis. Of these, 13 (93%) felt that suffering 4–6 bouts of tonsillitis was reasonable before tonsillectomy. Conclusion. All patients we surveyed who meet the current PLCV and SIGN guidelines regarding the appropriateness of tonsillectomy for recurrent tonsillitis perceive that they are excessive, believing that 4–6 bouts of recurrent tonsillitis are adequate to justify tonsillectomy.
The Smoothing Artifact of Spatially Constrained Canonical Correlation Analysis in Functional MRI
Authors: Cordes Dietmar , Jin Mingwu , Curran Tim , Nandy Rajesh
Published: December 2012

A wide range of studies show the capacity of multivariate statistical methods for fMRI to improve mapping of brain activations in a noisy environment. An advanced method uses local canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to encompass a group of neighboring voxels instead of looking at the single voxel time course. The value of a suitable test statistic is used as a measure of activation. It is customary to assign the value to the center voxel; however, this is a choice of convenience and without constraints introduces artifacts, especially in regions of strong localized activation. To compensate for these deficiencies, different spatial constraints in CCA have been introduced to enforce dominance of the center voxel. However, even if the dominance condition for the center voxel is satisfied, constrained CCA can still lead to a smoothing artifact, often called the “bleeding artifact of CCA”, in fMRI activation patterns. In this paper a new method is introduced to measure and correct for the smoothing artifact for constrained CCA methods. It is shown that constrained CCA methods corrected for the smoothing artifact lead to more plausible activation patterns in fMRI as shown using data from a motor task and a memory task.
Numerical Identification of Multiparameters in the Space Fractional Advection Dispersion Equation by Final Observations
Authors: Zhang Dali , Li Gongsheng , Chi Guangsheng , Jia Xianzheng , Li Huiling
Published: December 2012

This paper deals with an inverse problem for identifying multiparameters in 1D space fractional advection dispersion equation (FADE) on a finite domain with final observations. The parameters to be identified are the fractional order, the diffusion coefficient, and the average velocity in the FADE. The forward problem is solved by a finite difference scheme, and then an optimal perturbation regularization algorithm is introduced to determine the three parameters simultaneously. Numerical inversions are performed both with the accurate data and noisy data, and several factors having influences on realization of the algorithm are discussed. The inversion solutions are in good approximations to the exact solutions demonstrating the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Monozygotic Triplets and Dizygotic Twins following Transfer of Three Poor-Quality Cleavage Stage Embryos
Authors: Tal Reshef , Fridman Dmitry , Grazi Richard V.
Published: December 2012

Background. Assisted reproductive technology has been linked to the increased incidence of monozygotic twinning. It is of clinical importance due to the increased risk of complications in multiple pregnancies in general and in monozygotic twins in particular.Case. A 29-year-old female, nulligravida underwent her first IVF cycle. Three poor-quality cleavage stage embryos were transferred resulting in monochorionic triamniotic triplets and dichorionic diamniotic twins. Selective embryo reduction was performed at 12 weeks leaving dichorionic twins. The patient underwent emergency cesarean section due to preterm labor and nonreassuring fetal heart tracing at 30 weeks of gestation.Conclusion. Our case emphasizes that even embryos with significant morphological abnormalities should be considered viable and the possibility of simultaneous spontaneous embryo splitting must be factored into determining number of embryos to transfer.
Aspergillus nigerInfection of an Orbital Exenteration Socket Can Be Treated with Oral Itraconazole
Authors: So Wing Lung Alvin , Hardy Thomas G.
Published: December 2012

Aspergillus nigerinfection is a rare complication following orbital exenteration, especially in immunocompetent patients. If untreated, the infection may lead to significant morbidities. We report a patient with this rare infection, who has been treated successfully with oral itraconazole.