bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"It's About What You've Assigned to the Salad": Focus Group Discussions on the Relationship Between Food and Mood
Authors: Lee Megan Frances , Bradbury Joanne , Yoxall Jacqui , Sargeant Sally
Published: January 2023

Current observational and intervention studies in nutritional psychiatry suggest that healthy dietary patterns rich in fresh whole foods could protect against depressive symptoms and that unhealthy dietary patterns high in ultra-processed and refined foods could contribute to depressive symptoms. However, no studies have explored detailed subjective accounts behind the food and mood relationship. This study aimed to uncover unknown factors in the human experience with food and mood. Using a phenomenological framework, this focus group study applied thematic template analysis to accounts of over 50 Australians aged between 18 and 72. Three themes were identified from the transcript of the focus groups (i) reactive and proactive relationships with food, (ii) acknowledgement of individual diversity relating to eating and mental health, and (iii) improving mood by removing food restriction and eating intuitively. The data highlights the complexity of the relationship between food and mood that extends beyond biological mechanisms which could be used to extend current epidemiological and intervention studies in the field of dietary patterns and depression.
Estudio de la actividad ´optica de sustancias org´anicas
Authors: Hernández Hernández Eduardo , Barrios Barocio Erick
Published: January 2023

El poder rotatorio que presentan ciertas sustancias orgánicas es un fenómeno consecuencia de la actividad óptica, es decir, de la interacción del campo electromagnético con la estructura de ciertas moléculas. En consecuencia, es un tema de interés tanto en física como en química, situación que es relevante en la formación académica de estudiantes, ampliando su visión fuera del ámbito académico de la física. En este trabajo se detalla como realizar una actividad experimental que permite abordar de forma cuantitativa este tema mediante el cálculo del poder rotatorio de compuestos químicos básicos y fáciles de conseguir o producir en un laboratorio de enseñanza. Los resultados encontrados para la rotación óptica de las sustancias estudiadas tienen un error promedio del 10% respecto de los valores reportados; sin embargo, también es posible deducir cuando una sustancia no es pura, ya que el error respecto de valores reportados se incrementa.
Solution of the coupled β functions of the Standard Model and its minimal supersymmetric extension
Authors: Tirado-Félix Eduardo , Hernández-Pinto Roger
Published: January 2023

The Standard Model contains three coupling constants α1, α2 and α3 associated to the intern symmetry groups. However, even such constants are named like that, in fact they are not, they are energy dependent functions. The functional form of the evolution satisfies a set of coupled differential equations the coupled β functions. In general these β functions are highly coupled, from this arises the necessity of using numerical methods for the solution of the problem, because it is not possible to obtain it analytically. In this work it is used the adaptive Runge-Kutta method for a set of ordinary differential equations. The physical motivation of this work arise from the fact that the coupling constants α1, α2 and α3 are associated to the electromagnetic interaction, the weak interaction and the strong interaction, respectively. In the Standard Model, the solutions for α1 and α2 intersect in a point, which can be interpreted as a unification of two fundamental interactions exists. Nevertheless, using the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model, the three coupling constants intersect in a region, reaching what is known as the Grand Unification.
Socio-scientific issues in physics learning to improve students’ critical thinking skills
Authors: Febriani  , Jumadi Jumadi , Dwandaru Wipsar Sunu Brams
Published: January 2023

Socio Scientific Issues (SSI) is a social issue that causes controversy and can be studied based on scientific facts. Applying SSI to physics subjects helps students relate physics to real things in everyday life. The purpose of this study was to determine the teacher's view of the success of students' critical thinking processes that can be obtained from studying physics through SSI. The research method used is a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. This study involved 4 resource persons consisting of 2 senior and 2 junior physics teachers. The results of this study indicate that SSI in physics learning can help students practice critical thinking skills. This is based on the various processes experienced by students during the physics learning process with SSI.
Lambda-shiftings for the secondary sources in the Young's experiment allow to rebuild patterns look like piston/tilt
Authors: Salinas-Luna J. , Mentado Morales J. , Nuñez-Alfonso J. M.
Published: January 2023

In this work, we perform the mathematical theory used by Born and Wolf to rebuild a geometric characterization for piston and tilt or a combination of both surface errors by shifting the secondary sources in the classical Young's experiment. The last is accomplished making a comparison between the generated patterns of classical Young' experiment and Young's patterns when the secondary sources are shifted axially of the order of $\lambda$. Images with effects looks like to surface errors by piston or tilt are obtained and this give us a good idea on how could be the co-phasing of an optical flat surface in a real experiment.
A new rolling friction coefficient measurement method based on the work-energy theorem
Authors: Kovacevic Milan , Milosevic Marko , Kuzmanovic Ljubica
Published: January 2023

The rolling friction coefficient represents a characteristic parameter for the rolling motion. To determine the rolling friction coefficient, we propose a simple method based on the conservation of energy. The measuring setup includes the tools and materials that are simple and easy to obtain, such as the spring, ruler, and a small laboratory wheeled cart. In this paper, we have determined the rolling friction coefficient for several masses of the test carts and different lengths of spring compression. When the spring is compressed, its energy is directly proportional to the square of the length of the spring compression. The initial speed of the cart was determined using the law of energy conservation, and the length that the cart goes before stopping is measured with a ruler. The conclusion is that the value of the rolling friction coefficient is usually very small and that the mass of an object will affect the friction force but will not affect the rolling friction coefficient. Besides determining the rolling friction coefficient, this technique should help students comprehend the concept of friction easily.
The entropy of systems
Authors: Manriquez-Zepeda J. L. , Rueda-Paz J. , Filio-Aguilar P. D. , López-García L.
Published: January 2023

The entropy concept is studied from the perspective of several formalisms. It is reviewed the origins of this in the classical thermodynamics. It also is developed a step-by-step-clearly demonstration about it. After that, it is connected this formula with the entropy of Shannon. Elementary concepts of the quantum mechanics are explained to demonstrate the von Neumann entropy formula. It is proposed the entropy concept as a measure of the variability into the distribution of the states of a system given a set of rules that operate inside it for a while. From the perspective of the information theory, a language reaches a configuration to be optimal for communications. In this way, systems and languages can be studied using the same concept of entropy. It is stressed the importance of the teaching of the entropy because this is useful in the development of new technologies, for example the quantum communications.
Determinación de las concentraciones al equilibrio en una reacción química
Authors: Laguna Galindo Humberto , Salazar Saúl J. C. , Sagar Robin P.
Published: January 2023

En este trabajo se discute el problema de calcular las concentraciones en el equilibrio químico cuando aparecen ecuaciones polinomiales de grado mayor que dos, lo cual depende de los valores de los coeficientes estequiométricos, así como del número de reactivos y productos de la reacción química en cuestión. A pesar de ser un caso frecuente, el problema no se trata en los libros de texto de química o fisicoquímica básica debido a que es necesario resolver las ecuaciones numéricamente. Se proporcionan programas para los métodos de bisección, Newton-Raphson y secante, que pueden ser utilizados de forma sencilla en reacciones de hasta siete reactivos y siete productos. Con el propósito de evitar el uso de los códigos como cajas negras, se explican con detalle los tres métodos iterativos, de tal manera que para estudiantes de matemáticas, este problema es una aplicación tomada de la fisicoqu\'imica, y para estudiantes de física, química e ingeniería, es una aproximación didáctica a los métodos matemáticos para el tratamiento de ecuaciones. Este ejemplo puede ser utilizado en cursos de métodos numéricos. Finalmente, se ilustra y compara el desempeño de los tres métodos utilizando como ejemplo el proceso de Haber$-$Bosch. Es importante mencionar que para utilizar los códigos, no hay necesidad de hacer ninguna instalación en la computadora.
The one-dimensional Coulomb oscillator
Authors: Ivchenko Vladimir Valerievich
Published: January 2023

We consider the one-dimensional oscillations of a charged point particle under the restoring Coulomb force. We find that, for very small amplitudes, the speed of the particle remains almost constant. We also obtain the exact analytical expression for finding the oscillation period. It turns out to be a monotonically increasing function of the amplitude. For small amplitudes, this quantity is directly proportional to the amplitude itself.
Analisis Kompetensi Guru Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam (SKI) dalam Melaksanakan Pembelajaran Kurikulum 2013 Berbasis Sistem Kredit Semester
Authors: Lesnida Lesnida , Dahlan Zaini , Halimah Siti
Published: January 2023

This article aims to describe the results of the competency analysis of SKI teachers at MAN 2 Model Medan in implementing the 2013 curriculum learning based on the Semester Credit System. The method used is a qualitative research method with a naturalistic analysis approach using data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. Then the data analysis techniques used through data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. While the data validity techniques are credibility (trust), transferability (transferability), dependability (dependence), and confirmability (certainty). The results showed that: (1) The competence of SKI teachers in analyzing the characteristics of students was considered quite good, with indicators of understanding the physical, moral, spiritual, social, cultural, emotional and intellectual aspects of students. (2) The competence of SKI teachers in mastering learning theory and learning principles is quite good, with indicators of deep learning theory of constructivism, behaviorism, and cognitivism learning theory. While the learning principle uses the PAIKEM approach. (3) The competency of SKI teachers in implementing the 2013 curriculum based on credits is quite good, namely the implementation of learning using the 5 M approach, namely Associating, Asking, Observing, Creating networks, and Conducting trials. (4) The competence of SKI teachers in utilizing information and communication technology is in a good category, involving TV, films, VCD/DVD/VCR and the internet. (5) The competence of SKI teachers in using process evaluation and learning outcomes is quite good, with indicators of conducting an assessment taking into account the principles of continuity and authenticity including knowledge, attitudes and skills.
Dimensions and proportions of the rock-cut tombs at the Eastern Field of the Giza Necropolis
Authors: Vetokhov Sergey V.
Published: January 2023

The dimensional and proportional analysis of rock-cut tombs on a wide range of material has been done before, but has remained unanswered as to the possible causes of their size and proportions.
 This study based on 79 rock-cut tombs on the Eastern field of the Giza necropolis has attempted to identify the reasons for the proportions and sizes of tomb chapels, and possible ways of their plan preparation during construction.
 The analysis showed that there was no single universal scheme – the size and proportions of each chapel were set depending on their filling – the presence or absence of a pictorial decoration  and the number of burial shafts. Thus, analysis has shown a marked difference between the tombs built first on rocky areas from about the middle of V dynasty with a broad pictorial program, and the tombs that appeared later, containing almost no decorations. The former have a chapel width of 5–6 royal cubits and proportions in the range 1/1.1–2.7, while the width of the latter are mostly between 3–5 royal cubits and have a markedly more elongated chapel length – with proportions 1/2.1–3.5. For tombs, in which only a false door was originally planned from the decoration, the proportions were set according to the intended number of burials. Whereas tombs with decoration require space in front of the walls, and therefore a different width and proportions of the chapel.     
 The possible use in the plan preparation during construction of a number of chapels of not only the best known Egyptian rectangular triangle 3:4:5, but also a triangle 5:12:13.
Coins of the Cappadocian Kingdom from the Collection of the Historical State Museum
Authors: Smirnov Svyatoslav V.
Published: January 2023

The present paper is a publication of a collection of the coins of Hellenistic Cappadocia held by the State Historical Museum (Moscow). This collection consists of 37 items: 36 drachms and a tetradrachm, including rare and unique specimens. The coins under investigation relates to the coinage of Ariarates IV, Ariarates V, Ariarates VI, Ariarates IX, Ariobarzanes I, Ariobarzanes III and Ariarates X. A great part of these items derives from the acquisitions of the late XIX – early XX centuries. Unfortunately, the precise information about its provenance is unavailable. Ten pieces were received by SHM after 1945 and come from private collections of various collectors. 24 items out of 37 belong to the reign of Ariobarzanes I and represent coins of the same denomination – drachm. A relatively chronologically representative sample made it possible to analyze the surface composition of the metal alloy of coins by X-ray fluorescence analysis. The results show that by the end of reign of Ariobarzanes I the percentage of silver in the coin decreases while the proportion of copper increases. The correlation analysis demonstrates a very high level of inverse correlation between silver and copper, which means that the "spoilage" of the coin took place precisely due to an increase in the proportion of copper, and the trace impurities of other metals found in the metal were not included in this process. It could be assumed that such a decrease of proportion of silver in the coins of Ariobarzan I was caused by the difficult financial situation of Cappadocia at the end of the Third Mithridatic War.
The Memory of the Crusades in the Arabic Folk Epics: Images and Patterns
Authors: Соколов Олег
Published: January 2023

Considering the importance of the topos of the Crusades for the Arab discourses of the 19th - 21st centuries and its influence on the collective memory in modern Arab countries, the challenge of finding the roots of this phenomenon is of vital importance. This problem can be solved only through the analyses of the memory of the Crusades in Arab culture from the late 13th to the beginning of the 19th centuries. Proceeding from this, it seems relevant to study the preservation of the memory of the Crusades in one of the most important types of works of Arabic literature, Arabic Folk Epics. The analysis of the image of the Franks in this kind of sources shows that during the era of the Crusades itself and in the subsequent centuries a huge number of the Arab tribal pre-Islamic narratives and passages about the struggle against Byzantium were transformed into the ones dedicated to Jihad against the Franks. Thus, first the Crusades reshaped this kind of narratives, and then the Arab tradition itself began to support and reproduce the image of the Christian-European-Crusader in the collective memory in Egypt and Levant due to the high popularity of the Folk Epics, which might have created a horizon of expectation for the perception of the European colonial policy of the 19th-20th centuries, i.e. “the return of the Crusaders”.
Terms of Personal Prayer in the Qurʼān: a Contextual and Emotional Analysis
Authors: Rozov Vladimir A.
Published: January 2023

This article is dedicated to the terms for personal prayer (duʻāʼ and other derivative forms) in the Qurʼān. Occurrence of these terms in the text is analyzed quantitatively with regard to the chronology of the Qurʼānic text. They appear mainly in the sūras of the II and III Meccan periods, and more rarely in the Medinan period, contrary to the term for communal prayer ṣalāt which is frequent in the Medinan sūras. The study shows that they are used in a close number of interrelated contexts. These contexts could be described as follows: people’s ingratitude towards the Almighty God and their inclination towards pagan deities; their appeal to  God in the time of danger; Allāh’s mercy to the righteous calling Him, including His response to them and helping a righteous man, like Zakarīyā and Ibrāhīm, to have a child. Emotional aspect of these fragments was analyzed as well. The Qurʼānic fragments, containing terms for the personal prayer, are emotionally intense and their modality varies from positive to negative, often containing both of these contrast evaluations. These traits and the variety of related topics and their emotional modality could be explained by diverse circumstances of Muḥammad’s prophetic mission, as his social role evolved from an outcast preacher to a head of the theocratic state. The variety of topics and their emotional modality could be a consequence of the different character of audiences during the different stages of monotheistic preach delivered by Prophet Muhammad.
Shadows in the Garden: Women Agents Underground and Communist Activism in Mid-20th Century Iran
Authors: Ravandi-Fadai Lana M.
Published: January 2023

This article traces the careers and fates of several Iranian female communists who were not professional intelligence agents but engaged in clandestine activities. They are presented primarily through their own writings – memoirs and letters – and documents preserved in Russian archives. Socialist ideas resonated strongly in early 20th century Iran, and the women examined here were driven by a zeal to improve the hard lot faced by many of their fellow Iranians. They hailed from diverse family backgrounds: Mariam Firuz’s roots lay in the aristocracy; Zuleykhah Asadi came from the working class; and Akhtar Kiānuri’s family had been prominent in the clergy. Their husbands or fathers were also communists and spent time in jail. All of the women traveled to the Soviet Union to study, drawn to the Communist University for Laborers of the East in Moscow, known by its acronym of KUTV and called a “Red Mecca” by some Iranian students. Upon returning to Iran, these women were forced to work underground as the communist party was banned in the country for much of the 20th century, with members and sympathizers harassed, arrested and accused of espionage. These women’s accounts were produced for different readers: some feel romanticized at times, while others are brutally honest. Their fates were also very different. The wave of revolution both raised individuals to new heights and tossed them to the shore as it churned onward. While Mariam Firuz became a living legend, Akhtar and others faded into obscurity, and Zuleykha and countless others were never known.
“If no one goes, then who will pass”: the problem of interpretation of the fifth article of the russian-chinese beijing treaty of 1860
Authors: Kulikov Andrey
Published: January 2023

Based on materials from the Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire (Moscow), the article analyzes the events of 1861 associated with the first departure of a Russian trade caravan from Kyakhta to Beijing after a hundred-year break. The named caravan was sent at the initiative of the Kyakhta mayor Despot-Zenovich. The fifth article of the recently concluded Russian-Chinese Beijing Treaty of 1860 served as the legal basis for sending. According to the plan of Despot-Zenovich, the caravan was to follow the route Kyakhta – Urga – Dushikou outpost – Beijing. However, as subsequent events showed, the Chinese side interpreted the fifth article of the treaty in such a way that the open caravan trade in Beijing remained inaccessible to the Russians. Contradictions in the interpretation of the fifth article resulted in a series of negotiations in Beijing between dignitaries from the Zongli Yamen and the head of the XIV Russian Ecclesiastical Mission, Archimandrite Gurius (Karpov). At one of these meetings with Gurius, Chinese dignitaries expressed the opinion that in connection with the struggle of court cliques under the Manchu emperor, the Chinese side could not grant direct permission for trade to the Russians and bargaining was possible only unofficially. As a result, a compromise solution was the sending of a Russian caravan from Zhangjiakou to Tianjin. The article cites reports from Archimandrite Gury (Karpov) to the director of the Asiatic Department, Egor Petrovich Kovalevsky. A number of materials are cited for the first time.
Understanding of Time in Viśiṣṭādvaita Vedānta
Authors: Pskhu Ruzana
Published: January 2023

The work reveals the understanding of the phenomenon of time (kāla) in the viśiṣṭādvaita vedānta – one of the most important philosophical systems of medieval India. Viśiṣṭādvaita system puts the question of time into the more fundamental problem of the relationship between the world and God, where time was considered in the broad context of the “mundane” (jagat). In viśiṣṭādvaita the problem of the relationship between God and the world is solved due to the central logical-grammatical principle of this system – sāmānādhikaraṇya, in the prism of which the problem of time gets its original solution. The article also deals with the outline of representatives of this system and their views on the concept of time, starting with Nāthamuni (824–924) and ending with Meghanādārisūri (abt. 1350) and also presents the philosophical views of Rāmānuja, which outlined in his main philosophical opus – commentaries on the Brahma Sūtras – “Śrībhāṣya” in polemics with Jain ideas about time. On the basis of this, the understanding of the phenomenon of time is constituted within the framework of the viśiṣṭādvaita tradition in the aspect of its philosophical relations with advaita-vedānta and the current modern understanding of time as a linear irreversible (anisotropic) process (on which the concept of progress and futurism is based).
Globalization and the role of English in the countries of South Asia and the Middle East (the case of Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan)
Authors: Kameneva Marina S.
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes the role of English in the language policy of the Asian continent countries in the system of world globalization processes from the viewpoint accepted in modern sociolinguistic literature on the connection between the language aspect of globalization and the spread of English as the global language, the universal second language. The authors note the historical component of the popularity of English in the modern world in general and in the countries under consideration in particular. It includes the influence of the British Empire and the strengthening of the US position in the international arena. There are also provided estimates of the number of people speaking English both as the first and the second language in everyday life. The authors analyze large multinational states of South Asia and the Middle East such as Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan. The situation with the English language is presented in these countries against the background of the state and national languages functioning. The authors made an attempt to show both the general aspects of the use of English, including through the prism of the legislative acts that are in force there, above all the constitutions, and the peculiarities of its functioning in each of these countries, including under the influence of the language policy pursued by their leadership. There is also noted the growing interest of the authorities in Russian in Iran and Chinese in Pakistan as the languages that may seriously compete with English in the future and break its monopoly.
Royal Epithets in the Historical Onomastics of the Caucasus
Authors: Alikberov Alikber K.
Published: January 2023

his article completes the intermediate stage in a series of publications by the authors on the topic of the origin of the ethnonyms “Alans” and “Albans” and the corresponding polytonyms “Alania” and “Albania’, the toponyms “Alan and Albanian gates”, "Al-burz”, "Elbrus". The accumulated new data are well-corresponding to the interpretation proposed by the authors in previous articles. In some cases, there are trivial explanations basing on the original semantics of the Caucasian root with the meaning 'king, prince, ruler'.
Traces of the original meaning are found in the manuscripts of Armenian chroniclers when they try to interpret the source of the name of Caucasian Albania. Also the original meaning is truly seen in epithets characterizing famous aristocratic surnames. The folklore material of the Ossetian epic Nart Saga is also significant. There were found several toponyms in Kakheti which have a direct connection with the topic of this article. The Arab geographer al-Mas’udi gives an extended description of the meaning of the Ossetian derivative from the name 'king, prince'. The dominant peaks on the terrain, as well as significant passages called "gates" gain the epithet composits "King-Mountain" and "King's Gates". The article is of interest to linguists, historians and ethnographers and it allows to exclude unnecessary ethnic correlation of specific toponyms and epithets in many concrete cases.
Some reflections on the sacral role of Egyptian royal women of the New Kingdom
Authors: Bolshakov Vladimir A.
Published: January 2023

The paper deals with a controversial question concerning the character of the sacral role of the royal women in the context of the concept of divine queenship. As the queenship is seen in modern Egyptology as an essential constitutive element of the ideology of kingship, the sacral role of the royal women is frequently determined as similar or even parallel to that of the king. In particular, the sacral scenes with the images of the royal women performing the rites in pair with a king or alone are sometimes considered as an illustration to this interpretation. As the author of the present paper suggests, this approach needs a reеvaluation, which should be based on a careful examination of all surviving scenes depicting a cultic activity of the royal women. Among other issues the author touches, as well, the problem of the sacral role played by Nefertiti whose official position differs considerably of that of other royal women.
A preliminary study of figurative and epigraphical sources, especially of the offering scenes with representations of the royal women, allowed the author to assume that in the majority of cases they played an auxiliary and secondary role. Indeed, since the Ramesside period the most widespread iconography of a royal woman is her representation shaking the sistrum/sistra – an auxiliary action in the divine cult. Thus, the thesis about the great king’s wife (or the king’s mother)’ role as a counterpart of the king in his cultic functions should be revised, if not rejected.
New Finding of an Imported Helmet in a Sarmatian Burial on the Right Bank of the Kuban
Authors: Glebov Vyacheslav P.
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the publication of an iron segmented helmet found in mound 2 of the Beysuzhek 36 burial ground in the Kuban steppe region. Ciscaucasian Sarmatian burials with helmets belong to the culture of nomads of the 2nd – 1st centuries BC, identified with the Siraces of Strabo. It is obvious that the helmet from the Beysuzhek 36 burial ground is imported. It was made by a professional armourer and certainly does not belong to Greek, Celtic or Roman traditions of armour production. Middle Eastern helmets of the first millennium BC are represented by single finds. The lack of archaeological finds is partly compensated by images of similar helmets on the Bosporan tombstones, reliefs of Trajan’s column and Nile mosaic of Palestrina. The burial inventory is dated back to the late 2nd – 1st centuries BC. According to literary sources, the Sarmatians fought against the commanders of Mithridates VI Eupator, and later, as a part of the army of Mithridates, against the Romans in Asia Minor. The Sarmatians also made up a significant part of the army of the Bosporus of Cimmeria King Pharnaces II during his attempt to recapture the Pontic Kingdom. Thus, the appearance of the helmet in question in the North Caucasus region could be associated both with the participation of the Sarmatians in the Mithridatic wars, and with the events of 48–47 BC, when King Pharnaces II tried to take back the territories that had previously belonged to his father. During these wars, a Sarmatian soldier somehow received the rare Middle Eastern helmet.
On the Dogs-Prostitutes in the Old Testament
Authors: Makkaveev Nikolai A.
Published: January 2023

Despite the widespread ideas, there were no cult male prostitutes in Ancient Israel. Therefore, we must reject the popular hypothesis according to which the “dogs” in Deuteronomy (23:19) meant “male prostitutes”. The interpretation of female qedešot and male qedešim as cult harlots and fornicators dates back at least to the Vulgate (late 4th century) (while the translators of the Septuagint did not understand these words and interpreted them according to context). However, such an understanding contains a huge number of logical stretches and internal contradictions. We agree with Phyllis Ann Bird’s hypothesis about its origin. The interpretation of Mesopotamian temple singers and dancers assinnu as cult homosexual prostitutes  analogous to the “dogs” looks unconvincing. Qedešot were minor servants at local sanctuaries, who supposedly disappeared as a result of the reform of the Jewish religion under Josiah (7th century BC) and were  analogous to the Mesopotamian  qadištu priestesses. both  groups had no  sexual functions. Hosea (8th century BC) compared  qedešot to prostitutes (4:15)  following the biblical prophets’ manner of calling “fornication” all that they considered a betrayal of the YHWH cult. In the story about Judah and Tamar, qedeša is used as an euphemism for the harlot (Gen. 38:21). The qedešim were invented by the compiler of the Deuteronomy (23:19), who did not know who the qedešot were, but duplicated them in the masculine gender, to give the prohibition an absolute character. The remaining references to qedešim are either revoicings and reinterpretations of the consonantal text under the influence of Deuteronomy (2 Kings 23:7; Job 36:14), or later insertions to explain the origin of the qedešim in Israel (1 Kings 14:23; 15:11; 22:47).
E. L. Doctorow’s Creative Method Evolution
Authors: Hladkoskok Lesia , Muradkhanian Iryna , Semen Halyna
Published: January 2023

Edgar Lawrence Doctorow (1931–2015) is the American prose writer, in the literary heritage of whom one finds 12 novels, 4 of which had screen versions, 3 volumes of short stories and 1 stage drama, an editor and a scientist. The writer provided more than once a self-commentary to his creative works, his interviews became the indispensable source of his works’ understanding. Doctorow consistently wrestled the traditional approach to literature. Many a researcher turned to his literary heritage. The examination of the Doctorow’s creative method evolution was carried out in two stages. First the main characteristic features of the literary works were singled out, later on by means of the comparative method the two main novels “Ragtime” and “Loon’s Lake” correlation from the point of view of the writer’s depiction evolution was carried out. The characteristic features of the novels are violated chronology, combining of reality with the invented, depicting the protagonists at the moment of the greatest changes, different arts genres fusion manifested in style, excessive fascination with the naturalistic details. The novel “Ragtime” is an objective, author’s narration, “Loon Lake” is the monologue of the I-form narrator. In “Ragtime” the prose writer combined the style of “new journalism” with “retro”. “Loon Lake” is an attempt to create the main image, render the inexhaustibility of the plenitude of life. In the novel “Ragtime” literature is melted with music, whereas in “Loon Lake” prose is melted with poetry of vers libre.
Beauty Industry and Racialization of Beauty in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s “Americanah”
Authors: Chernyshova Svitlana
Published: January 2023

Beauty standards and beauty norms contribute to strict expectations of what physical attractiveness is and should be. Images of white standards function oppressively toward other races and their understandings of beauty. In the context of migratory fiction, the relationship between beauty and race becomes central. The appropriation of beauty norms of the dominant group signals about immigrants’ eagerness to follow the rules and accept the norm of the receiving country. On the other hand, an attempt to follow the beauty industry ideology very often leads to immigrants’ self-hatred and low esteem. They suffer from inferiority complex as they are comparing themselves to a standard that is biologically unattainable for them to achieve. The article deals with Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s novel “Americanah”. The main protagonist, Ifemelu, after arriving from Nigeria to the U.S.A. changes her hair style as she is influenced by the racial stereotypes about White attractiveness. She believes that her chances will be higher is she relaxes her hair. Instead, she suffers from the loss of hair because of bad treatment. Her despair is verbalized in the blog-writing, where Ifemelu criticizes beauty industry which promotes certain standards. After some years in the U.S.A Ifemelu rejects the norms of structural racism and return to her natural hair. This is the symbolic act of reclaiming her identity after long years of suffering from the regime of race. To analyze the oppressive nature of beauty industry in the novel we have used the methods of close reading, hermeneutics, and character’s typology.
The game in the human being as a tool for its holistic construction for an integral conception of its cosmogony
Authors: Anachury Nancy Esther , Junco Shirley Yojana , Junco Shirley Yojana , Castañeda Polanco Juan Gabriel
Published: January 2023

With respect to the upbringing of children, customs have advanced significantly. In ancient times it was conceived that children should be ignored and that they did not begin to be taken into account until very late in childhood; gradually society has evolved and with it the approaches to a humanized relationship between adults and children. It is becoming more and more constant and at the same time relevant the actions that lead to enjoy the child-adult relationship. Propitiating a pertinent emotional and social development, not only in the family environment but also in the educational spaces; spaces where specific cultural and social pillars are cemented that effectively contribute to a better progress in the individual. The games strengthen the roles and position the individual in the most characteristic aspects of his personality.
Risk management in rural development and land use planning: the case of San Lorenzo, Esmeraldas – Ecuador
Authors: Quispe Mera Álex Gabriel , Tonato Velasco Mónica Tatiana , Quispe Mera Fidel Patricio , Quispe Mera Víctor Eduardo
Published: January 2023

The present investigation was carried out with the objective of evaluating the risk management strategies established by the decentralized autonomous parish governments, through the development and territorial planning plans, considering the objectives of sustainable development. For this case, nine rural parishes in the canton of San Lorenzo, Esmeraldas, Ecuador were taken as the territorial scope of the analysis. A review of the Ecuadorian legislation that regulates rural territorial planning was carried out, as well as interviews with key actors of the communities located in the parish capitals, to evaluate their knowledge of strategies, programs and projects focused on disaster risk management and citizen contribution in the construction of development plans and land use planning. One of the findings found in this study is that the participation of the community in the construction of development plans and land use planning is very low, since only 32.22% of them state that they have contributed to the development of these tools of planning of the parochial decentralized autonomous governments.
Implementasi Program Pembinaan Kemandirian Narapidana Dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia
Authors: Hunafa Akbar Faris Rama , Wibowo Padmono
Published: January 2023

Indonesia sebagai Negara yang telah mengakomodir International Convenant on Economic Social Culture Rights (ICESCR) dan juga International Convenant on Civil Politic Rights (ICCPR) mudah untuk dapat melaksanakan implementasi nilai-nilai hak asasi manusia dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangasa dan bernegara. Termasuk lapas sebagai bagian dari pemerintah harus mengakomodir nilai-nilai HAM dalam pelaksanaan kegiatannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan program kemandiran di lembaga pemasyarakatan dalam perspektif hak asasi manusia dan untuk mengetahui kendala yang dihadapi saat melaksanakan program tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif dengan lokasi penelitian pada Lapas Kelas IIA Cibinong.Hasil dari penelitian ini bahwa wujud implementasi program pembinaan kemandirian menunjukkan dalam perspektif HAM adalah dengan memperhatikan hak-hak sebagai pekerja dan juga sebagai binaan pemasyarakatan, kemudian diperoleh dalam pelaksanaanya yaitu, berkaitan dengan sumber daya dan keterbatasan anggaran. Saran dari penelitian ini adalah para petugas pengawas harus diberikan pelatihan juga, berkaitan dengan kegiatan yang dilakukan serta memberikan pemahaman terkait HAM yang harus dijunjung tinggi oleh petugas dalam pelaksanaan tugas. Selain itu terus berusaha dengan inovasi dan juga kreatif agar kegiatan bisa berjalan, bisa menghasilkan dan ada preminya
Incidental thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Abdul Jabbar Mohammed Q. , Mutlak Nofel Sh. , Abdul Hussein Waleed , Sulaiman Tharwat I.
Published: January 2023

Background: thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine carcinoma as it accounts for almost 90% of all endocrine malignancies. The term incidental denoted malignant tumors of the thyroid gland detected by post-operative biopsy results of the resected specimens resected from benign thyroid diseases. Among the incidental thyroid malignancies, papillary carcinoma is the commonest pathological type.Objectives : To determine the incidence of incidental thyroid carcinoma and to insist on accurate preoperative diagnostic work up of patients with thyroid diseases.Patients & Methods: A prospective study, which was conducted during the period from March 2013 to April 2014 at Baghdad teaching hospital first surgical unit by the same team of surgeons. Ninety nine patients were referred for surgical treatment of goiters, 4 patients who had a known malignant diagnosis by FNAC were excluded from the study, the remaining 95 patients were evaluated for the presence of the cancer by post-operative pathological exam. The surgical operations performed were total lobectomy with isthmusectomy, subtotal, near total or total thyroidectomy.Results: incidental thyroid carcinoma was found in 18 patients (18.9%), 15 patients with non-toxic MNG (15.7%), 2 patients with solitary thyroid nodule (2.1%) and one patient (1.1%) with toxic MNG. Out of 18 patients with incidental thyroid carcinoma, 15(83.3%) aged >45 and the remaining 3 (16.7%) aged≥45, only one male had ITC and the remaining patients were females.Conclusions: It can be concluded that the incidence of incidental thyroid carcinoma in our study is relatively high so a more radical surgical treatment in the management of patients with presumably benign thyroid disease is recommended.
Clinico-Epidemiological Aspects of Telogen Effluvium In Iraqi Women
Authors: Fadheel Basman M.
Published: January 2023

Background: telogen effluvium is a form of non- scarring alopecia characterized by diffuse hair shedding, often of acute onset. It’s a reactive process caused by metabolic or hormonal stress or by medications. Generally, recovery is spontaneous within 6 months.Objectives: is to shed a light on the clinic- epidemiological aspects and most important causes of telogen effluvium in Iraqi women.Patients and methods: A total number of 100 female patients were seen in the period between March 2014 to March 2015 in the Dermatology Department of Baghdad Teachinhg Hospital / Medical City. Their ages ranged between 20 to 40 years old and the duration of their complaints ranged between 1 to 12 months. Their symptoms were excessive hair loss, diffuse shedding, scalp hair thinning and trichodynia. In all patients the diagnosis was confirmed by positive pull test, and the patients were questioned about all possible triggering factors.Results: In most of cases, 74%,the duration of illness was less than 6 months . all the patients complained of diffuse shedding , 12% had visibile scalp thinning and only 8% had trichodynia . In 32% of cases no underlying triggering factor was identified and 21% of cases had acute psychological distress.Conclusion: most of cases of telogen effluvium in Iraqi women were without clear underlying triggering factor, most patients were anxious about impending baldness, but significant hair thinning was present in only minority of patients.Searching for underlying iron diffeciency is important as 6% of patients had evidence of subcinical iron diffeciency on laboratory examinations.
Assessment of Antenatal Care Services regarding Iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy In Sudan - 2010
Authors: AL- Any Ban N. , AL Deen AL- Saied Deyaa , Ubaid Seeham M.
Published: January 2023

Background: Pregnancy is a crucial time to promote health thus good antenatal care can promote mother and new born health &links mother with formal health system with increasing chance of using a skilled attendant at birth while inadequate care during this time increases mortality & morbidity of mother & new born.Objectives: Assessment of Antenatal Care Services in relation with Iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy.Patients and Methods; A descriptive study was carried out in 12 health centers , which were chosen randomly in Behri area (part of Khartoum City) in Sudan that (300) available pregnant females in 3rd trimester were interviewed (using non probability convenience sampling) by using a questionnaire paper during the period between September– December2010.Results; The study revealed that most of females were educated & all of their husbands were educated, more than half of them were over thirty & 22% below fifteen , about quarter of them had history of previous abortion & had complications mostly hypertension .The prevalence of anemia was 60% , 40% had mild anemia (mean hemoglobin & S.D 10.18, ±0.51), C.I (10.58 –9.79) , p value <0.05) & 20% had moderate anemia with mean hemoglobin & S.D 7.63 , ± 0.12) ,C.I (7.64- 7.61), p value <0.05). Regarding antenatal care services less than half had taken ferrofole tablet for once & 20% for twice/ day with significant association, P value = 0.001. All of them attended antenatal care centers in the 2nd trimester and mostly for less than 4 visits that mostly affected by education, occupation of females with significance association ,P value = 0.001 , 0.01 respectively & also affected by education of husbands with significant association , P value = 0.001.Regarding dietary pattern most of them had poor intake of white meat , had good intake of carbohydrate unless rice & macaroni . For vegetables more than half had poor intake of green pepper, green leaves, spinach, chard & all of them had poor intake of grape.Conclusion; More than half of respondents were anemic ,with high risk pregnancy &still had insufficient coverage & inadequate utilization of antenatal care services which mostly affected by maternal education & occupation , husband’s education & availability with poor spacing between last child & another which affected by parity while for dietary pattern there was average & poor intake of food that rich with iron .
Glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus in post conflict Iraq: a primary report
Authors: Kadhim Dena M. , Al-Kaseer Eman A. , Al-Zubaidi Munib A.
Published: January 2023

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a common disease in childhood. A linear relation between glycemic control (HbA1c < 7) and onset or progression of complication was detected. Only few individuals achieve glycemic control.Objective: To estimate the glycemic control among diabetic children attending tertiary center.Methods: All diabetic children registered in the diabetic consultancy clinic in Children Welfare Teaching hospital (298) were included in the study. Case records were reviewed and information on demography, weight and height, age at diagnosis and HbA1c was requested.Results: Out of the total, 23.8% diabetic children had glycemic control. Glycemic control was decreasing with age (p=0.001), significantly prominent in preschool children (p=0.001), and inversely related with BMI (p=0.03). Sex was not affecting glycemic control.Conclusion: Rate of glycemic control was low. It is poorer in those diagnosed in school age, adolescents and obese children.
Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Sekolah Indonesia Luar Negeri dengan Model Materi Ajar Berbasis Pendidikan Karakter Multikultural
Authors: Nuruddin Nuruddin , Budiaman Budiaman , Ilham Andri , Arifin Ahmad
Published: January 2023

The research aimed to make learning the Arabic language in Indonesian Foreign Schools more effective, efficient and enjoyable, as well as to produce Indonesian diaspora students who possess a strong sense of nationalism and respect for diversity by developing teaching material models that are based on multicultural-based character education values. The research was designed using a research and development model and was conducted in two stages: (1) identifying the needs of students and teachers for Arabic teaching materials that contain multicultural-based character education values; (2) creating a model of Arabic teaching materials that incorporate the values of multicultural-based character education in Indonesian Foreign Schools. The study found a need to develop Arabic teaching materials in Indonesian Foreign Schools, particularly in Arab countries. The development of teaching materials is necessary for two aspects: (1) related to Arabic teaching materials that are based on the values of national character education, in line with learning objectives, and contextually relevant to the present time; (2) in terms of character education, by creating teaching materials that contain character education values such as religious values, nationalism, honesty, independence, cooperation, integrity, hard work, and responsibility.