bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teretamon spelaeum, a new species of freshwater crab (Crustacea: Decapoda: Potamidae) from a limestone cave in Meghalaya, India
Authors: ABSAR PARVEEN FARZANA , MITRA SANTANU , KHARKONGOR ILONA JACINTA
Published: December 2017

A new species of freshwater crab of the genus Teretamon Yeo & Ng, 2007 is described based on material collected from a limestone cave state of Meghalaya, in the northeastern Himalayan region of India. Teretamon spelaeum n. sp. can easily be distinguished from its congeners by a well suite of carapace and gonopod characters: a relatively wider carapace, setose chelipeds and legs, a highly reduced cornea of the eye, and a diagnostic male first gonopod that has a low rounded median dorsal flap on the terminal joint. The morphology of the new species is clearly adapted for the cave dwelling and is the first true troglobitic freshwater crab known from India.
Purported False Allegations of Rape, Child Abuse and Non-Sexual Violence
Authors: Rumney Philip NS , McCartan Kieran F
Published: December 2017

The subject of false rape allegations is shrouded in anxiety, confusion and misunderstanding. Despite a growing body of quality research, there continue to be significant gaps in our knowledge about the topic, including the phenomenon of false allegations beyond rape and other sexual offences. The purpose of this article is to seek to deepen our understanding by examining a unique data set comprising 701 cases involving individuals who purport to have been the subject of false accusations of rape, child sexual abuse, child abuse/neglect and other forms of wrongdoing. This article aims to provide an insight into the nature and characteristics of these allegations and explore the implications of the data for several research and policy questions. It will also critically examine some of the current literature and scholarly claims in this area, particularly around the prevalence of false allegations and critique claims that discussion of this topic is dangerous and best avoided. Finally, the article sets out a future research agenda in which the complex issues raised by false allegations can be carefully considered, and the scale, impact and pathways to accusation can be better understood.
Conspiracy
Authors: Thirlaway Vicky
Published: December 2017

The proliferation of statutory and common law powers that can be utilised to manage and control public protest gives the police a wide range of options to in any given scenario and requires a careful balance to be struck between the maintenance of order and facilitation of convention rights. This paper discusses a novel use of the criminal law of conspiracy and considers the potential benefits of this approach and the ramifications for the protection of convention rights. It is submitted that the controversial use of the criminal law against Chinese dissidents in the UK was perhaps a result of the law of unintended consequences arising from the development of a body of law that has been piecemeal and reactive.
Ethical Challenges of Parenting Interventions in Low- to Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Morelli Gilda , Quinn Naomi , Chaudhary Nandita , Vicedo Marga , Rosabal-Coto Mariano , Keller Heidi , Murray Marjorie , Gottlieb Alma , Scheidecker Gabriel , Takada Akira
Published: December 2017

This article explores ethical issues raised by parenting interventions implemented in communities in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs) with rural, subsistence lifestyles. Many of these interventions foster “positive parenting practices” to improve children’s chances of fulfilling their developmental potential. The practices are derived from attachment theory and presented as the universal standard of good care. But attachment-based parenting is typical primarily of people living Western lifestyles and runs counter to the different ways many people with other lifestyles care for their children given what they want for them. Thus, such parenting interventions involve encouraging caregivers to change their practices and views, usually with little understanding of how such changes affect child, family, and community. This undermines researchers’ and practitioners’ ability to honor promises to uphold ethic codes of respect and beneficence. Support for this claim is provided by comparing positive parenting practices advocated by the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF; with the world health organization [WHO]) Care for Child Development (CCD) intervention with parenting practices typical of communities with rural, subsistence lifestyles—the most common of lifestyles worldwide and largely observed in LMICs. As UNICEF has a considerable presence in these countries, the CCD intervention was selected as a case study. In addition, parenting interventions typically target people who are poor, and the issues this raises regarding ethics of fairness and justice are considered. Recommendations are made for ways change agents can be sensitive to the living conditions and worldviews of communities, and, thus, be appropriately effective and ethically sensitive to the diverse needs of different communities.
Art’s failure to generate urban renewal: Lessons from Jerusalem
Authors: Aharon-Gutman Meirav
Published: December 2017

Based on fieldwork conducted in a seam line neighbourhood in Jerusalem, this article contributes to the ongoing discourse on art in public spaces as a generator of urban renewal. The article suggests that re-thinking this convention from a Global South perspective would enable us to critically discuss the relation between art in public spaces and urban renewal. This research shows how site-specific intervention art activities had produced a conflict that consequently led to the expulsion of the artists group from the neighbourhood. Three theoretical concepts from Hannah Arendt’s work were used in the analysis of the results: political/social, action and public realm. This article claims that the artists’ group has aspired to be simultaneously ‘social’ and ‘political’: by means of a political act they wished to create a ‘dialogue’ and a ‘meeting point’ with Palestinians residing in East Musrara. Every attempt to be simultaneously political and social was perceived by the neighbourhood representatives as deceitful and threatening.
Cultura Obscura: Race, Power, and “Culture Talk” in the Health Sciences
Authors: Benjamin Ruha
Published: December 2017

“The price of culture is a Lie.”

This Article advances a critical race approach to the health sciences by examining “culture talk” as a discursive repertoire that attributes distinct beliefs, behaviors, and dispositions to ethno-racialized groups. Culture talk entails a twofold process of obfuscation – concealing the social reality of the people it describes and hiding the positionality of those who employ cultural generalizations. After tracing how culture talk circulates and reproduces racist narratives in and beyond the health sciences, I examine how cultural competency training in medical schools and diversity initiatives in stem cell research use the idiom of culture to manage and manufacture group differences. From culturing cells in the lab to enculturing people in the clinic, I apply the concept of coproduction to argue that culture talk is a precondition and product of scientific knowledge construction.
Theorizing Race and Racism: Preliminary Reflections on the Medical Curriculum
Authors: Braun Lundy
Published: December 2017

The current political economic crisis in the United States places in sharp relief the tensions and contradictions of racial capitalism as it manifests materially in health care and in knowledge-producing practices. Despite nearly two decades of investment in research on racial inequality in disease, inequality persists. While the reasons for persistence of inequality are manifold, little attention has been directed to the role of medical education. Importantly, medical education has failed to foster critical theorizing on race and racism to illuminate the often-invisible ways in which race and racism shape biomedical knowledge and clinical practice. Medical students across the nation are advocating for more critical anti-racist education that centers the perspectives and knowledge of marginalized communities. This Article examines the contemporary resurgence in explicit forms of white supremacy in light of growing student activism and research that privileges notions of innate differences between races. It calls for a theoretical framework that draws on Critical Race Theory and the Black Radical Tradition to interrogate epistemological practices and advocacy initiatives in medical education.
Shale favorable area optimization in coal-bearing series: A case study from the Shanxi Formation in Northern Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Guo Wei , Shen Weijun , Zhou Shangwen , Xue Huaqing , Liu Dexun , Wang Nan
Published: December 2017

Shales in the Well district of Yu 106 of the Shanxi Formation in the Eastern Ordos Basin is deposited in the swamp between delta plains, distributary river channels, natural levee, the far end of crevasse splay, and depression environments. According to organic geochemistry, reservoir physical property, gas bearing capacity, lithology experimental analysis, combined with the data of drilling, logging, testing and sedimentary facies, the reservoir conditions of shale gas and the distribution of an advantageous area in Shanxi Formation have been conducted. The results show that the total organic carbon content of the Shanxi Formation is relatively high, with an average content value of 5.28% in the segment 2 and 3.02% in segment 1, and the organic matter is mainly kerogen type II2 and III. The maturity of organic matter is high with 1.89% as the average value of Ro which indicates the superior condition for gas generation of this reservoir. The porosity of shales is 1.7% on average, and the average permeability is 0.0415 × 10−3 µm2. The cumulative thickness is relatively large, with an average of 75 m. Brittle mineral and clay content in shales are 49.9% and 50.1%, respectively, but the burial depth of shale is less than 3000 m. The testing gas content is relatively high (0.64 × 104 m3/d), which shows a great potential in commercial development. The total organic carbon of the segment 2 is higher than that of the segment 1, and it is also better than segment 1 in terms of gas content. Based on the thickness of shale and the distribution of sedimentary facies, it is predicted that the advantageous area of shale gas in the segment 2 is distributed in a striped zone along the northeast and the northsouth direction, which is controlled by the swamp microfacies between distributary river channels.
Rescuing politics from liberalism
Authors: Morrison Alexandra
Published: December 2017

Both Judith Butler and Chantal Mouffe challenge liberal conceptions of politics based on their ontological descriptions of the political. Mouffe argues that the failure of liberalism to grasp the agonistic character of political life means that properly political conflicts get translated into moral terms. Mouffe thinks that the way to correct our “post-political” problems (like alt-right movements) is to avoid translating political conflicts into a moral register. I challenge Mouffe’s separation of ethics and politics by invoking Butler’s more nuanced account of the ethical sphere. I demonstrate that Mouffe does not consider that there are different orders of moral claims (for example, the claims that others have on us to treat them with justice and dignity, claims that at least implicitly demand not to be weighed in terms of economic or political utility); nor does Mouffe consider that there are different orders of affect, some of which cannot be simply opposed to rationality.
Utilization and Survival of Postoperative Radiation or Chemoradiation for pT1‐2N1M0 Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Lee Anna , Givi Babak , Roden Dylan F. , Tam Moses M. , Wu S. Peter , Gerber Naamit K. , Hu Kenneth S. , Schreiber David
Published: December 2017

Objective

To analyze the patterns of care and survival for pT1‐2N1M0 head and neck cancer based on receipt of surgery alone, surgery + postoperative radiotherapy (S + RT), or surgery + postoperative chemoradiotherapy (S + CRT).

Study Design

Retrospective analysis.

Setting

National Cancer Database.

Subjects and Methods

We queried the database for patients with stage pT1‐2N1M0 squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, or larynx between 2004 and 2012 who were treated with surgery with negative margins and no extracapsular extension. Logistic regression was used to assess predictors of receipt of postoperative treatment. Overall survival was assessed by the Kaplan‐Meier method, and Cox regression analysis identified covariates that affected it.

Results

There were 1598 patients included in this study: 566 (35.4%) received surgery alone; 726 (45.4%), S + RT; and 306 (19.1%), S + CRT. The 5‐year overall survival was 68.8%, 74.0%, and 87.8%, respectively (P =. 009 comparing S + RT and surgery alone, P <. 001 for all other comparisons). On multivariable logistic regression, academic centers were associated with a decreased likelihood of S + RT (odds ratio = 0.71) and S + CRT (odds ratio = 0.66). Multivariable Cox regression demonstrated no difference in survival for S + RT over surgery alone (hazard ratio = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.70‐1.09, P =. 24); however, there was a survival benefit associated with S + CRT (hazard ratio = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.39‐0.81, P =. 002).

Conclusion

Nearly 65% of patients with pT1‐2N1 head and neck cancer with negative margins and no extracapsular extension received S + RT or S + CRT. Improvement in survival was noted only for patients who received S + CRT.
Through your partner’s eyes: Perspective taking tempers optimism in behavior predictions
Authors: Peetz Johanna , Maccosham Aaron , May Kali
Published: December 2017

People tend to be overly optimistic when predicting their future behaviors. This research examines how taking someone else’s perspective affects predictions of relationship behaviors. Study 1 ( N = 82) showed that taking the partner’s perspective when predicting how many relationship-enhancing behaviors one might perform over the next week reduced the number of predicted behaviors and consequently reduced optimistic bias. Study 2 ( N = 244) replicated the reduction in predicted behaviors when taking the partner’s or a friend’s perspective. Study 2 also showed that predictions from another person’s view are similar to predictions for another person’s behavior. Study 3 ( N = 149) replicated the reduction in predicted behaviors and the similarity to predictions for other people’s behavior. Furthermore, Study 3 suggests that one reason why adopting another’s perspective affects predictions is an attenuation of the link between forecasts and relationship quality and increase of the link of forecasts with conscientiousness, which tends to be a better predictor of behavior.
Processing of emotional words in bilinguals: Testing the effects of word concreteness, task type and language status
Authors: Ferré Pilar , Anglada-Tort Manuel , Guasch Marc
Published: December 2017

The present study investigates whether the emotional content of words has the same effect in the different languages of bilinguals by testing the effects of word concreteness, the type of task used, and language status. Highly proficient bilinguals of Catalan and Spanish who learned Catalan and Spanish in early childhood in a bilingual immersion context, and who still live in such a context, performed an affective decision task (Experiment 1) and a lexical decision task (Experiment 2) in both Catalan and Spanish. A different set of Catalan–Spanish bilinguals, who were proficient in English and who learned English after early childhood in an instructional setting, performed a lexical decision task in both Spanish and English (Experiment 3). In both tasks administered throughout the experiments, the experimental stimuli were concrete and abstract words that varied in their emotional connotation (i.e. positive, negative and neutral words) and were presented in the two languages involved. In the affective decision task, participants decided if the words had emotional content or not, and in the lexical decision task they decided if the strings of letters were real words or not. The three experiments also included an unexpected free recall task. Results showed that the emotional content of words affected bilinguals’ performance in all three tasks. In particular, there was a disadvantage in processing for negative words in both the affective and lexical decision tasks, and an advantage for positive words in the lexical decision and free recall tasks. Importantly, language only interacted with the other variables in Experiment 3, suggesting that language status is a relevant factor in determining the extent to which emotional processing has the same characteristics in the two languages.
Collecting Income at Kerkesoucha Orous: New Light on P. Cairo II 30625*
Authors: Winkler Andreas
Published: December 2017

This paper aims at an improved reading of P. Cairo II 30625, which was published in 1908 by W. Spiegelberg in the CGC. The text discovered during the excavations of B. P. Grenfell and A. S. Hunt in the years 1899/1900 in Tebtunis is a promissory note concerning a lease of the right to collect temple related contributions in the village of Kerkesoucha orous.
The trampled foe: Two new examples of a rare amuletic form*
Authors: Roberson Joshua
Published: December 2017

Two unpublished faience amulet fragments from the University of Pennsylvania Museum, which depict foreign enemies trampled underfoot, are discussed.
P. BM EA 10052, Anthony Harris, and Queen Tyti
Authors: Collier Mark , Dodson Aidan , Hamernik Gottfried
Published: December 2017

Recently rediscovered text copies of what is now P. BM EA 10052, 6.22–23 by Anthony Harris from his Notebook 5, in conjunction with surviving unpublished fragments from this section of the papyrus, identify a Queen Tyti as a King's Wife of Ramesses III, helping to resolve a long-standing conundrum in the study of the Twentieth Dynasty royal family.
Tell El-Amarna, Spring 2011
Authors: Kemp Barry
Published: December 2017

This report on the 2011 spring season at Tell el-Amarna describes a geophysics survey that had to be closed prematurely, a month-long continuation of research on the Amarna period human remains from the South Tombs Cemetery, and progress on completing a major publication on the North palace.
New Light on the Legendary King Nechepsos of Egypt*
Authors: Ryholt Kim
Published: December 2017

This paper identifies several indigenous Egyptian attestations of King Nechepsos, previously well known from Classical sources. The name may be understood as ‘Necho the Wise’, and refers to Necho II of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty. His association with astrology may be related to an eclipse near the beginning of that king's historical reign. This paper further identifies the sage Petosiris known from Greek texts as the well-attested sage Petesis. The divine instructors of Nechepsos and Petosiris are identified as Imhotep and Amenhotep son of Hapu.
Inlaid eyes on Old Kingdom coffins: a history of misidentification
Authors: De Meyer Marleen
Published: December 2017

Certain stone objects found in association with a number of old Kingdom coffins have been wrongly identified in the past as model grooming implements or amulets. These objects are in fact inlaid udjat-eyes, and often form the sole evidence for this type of treatment, which is rare during the Old Kingdom.
Do Selective COX-2 Inhibitors Affect Pain Control and Healing After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair? A Preliminary Study
Authors: Oh Joo Han , Seo Hyuk Jun , Lee Ye-Hyun , Choi Hye-Yeon , Joung Ho Yun , Kim Sae Hoon
Published: December 2017

Background:

Selective cyclooxygenase (COX)–2 inhibitors are commonly used analgesics that provide similar analgesia as that of other analgesics but with fewer adverse effects. However, few prospective studies have performed comparative analyses in this regard.

Purpose:

To evaluate the efficacy of a selective COX-2 inhibitor in early postoperative pain control, satisfaction with pain management, and incidence of systemic adverse effects in patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

This study included 180 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair between September 2011 and August 2012. The patients were randomly assigned to receive celecoxib, ibuprofen, or tramadol (n = 60 each). Visual analog scale (VAS) scores for pain intensity and satisfaction with medication, incidence of adverse effects, and use of rescue medication were recorded and compared between the 3 groups at 3 days and 2 weeks after surgery. Magnetic resonance and ultrasonography images of 82 patients were retrospectively reviewed at least 24 months after surgery, along with the range of motion and pain VAS and functional scores.

Results:

There were no significant differences among the 3 groups in terms of pain intensity, incidence of adverse effects, or dosage of rescue medication at 3 days or 2 weeks after surgery. Pain VAS and functional scores at the final follow-up were also comparable among the 3 groups. However, the retear rate in the celecoxib group (11/30 [37%]) was significantly higher than those in the ibuprofen (2/27 [7%]) and tramadol (1/25 [4%]) groups ( P = .009).

Conclusion:

Despite having similar postoperative analgesic effects as other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids, selective COX-2 inhibitors should not be used for postoperative analgesia because they might negatively affect tendon-to-bone healing after surgical repair.

Registration:

NCT02850211 ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier)
Randomized Study of Long-term (15-17 Years) Outcome After Microfracture Versus Mosaicplasty in Knee Articular Cartilage Defects
Authors: Solheim Eirik , Hegna Janne , Strand Torbjørn , Harlem Thomas , Inderhaug Eivind
Published: December 2017

Background:

Few comparative randomized long-term studies on microfracture versus mosaicplasty have been published, and only 2 studies reported a follow-up of 10 years.

Hypothesis/Purpose:

The purpose was to compare the clinical outcome of microfracture versus mosaicplasty/osteochondral autograft transfer in symptomatic cartilage lesions. The null hypothesis was that the outcome was not statistically different at any point of time.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

Forty patients with articular cartilage defects were randomized to undergo cartilage repair by either microfracture (n = 20) or mosaicplasty (n = 20). Inclusion criteria were as follows: age 18 to 50 years at the time of surgery, 1 or 2 symptomatic focal full-thickness articular chondral defects on the femoral condyles or trochlea, and size 2 to 6 cm2. The main outcome variable was the Lysholm knee score recorded before the surgery and at 12 months, median 5 years, median 10 years, and minimum 15 years after the surgery.

Results:

Forty patients were included in the study (28 men, 12 women; median age, 32 years; range, 18-48 years). Defects with a median size of 3.5 cm2 (range, 2-5 cm2) were treated. A significant increase in the Lysholm score was seen for all subjects— from a mean 53 (SD, 16) at baseline to 69 (SD, 21) at the minimum 15-year follow-up ( P = .001). The mean Lysholm score was significantly higher in the mosaicplasty group than the microfracture group at 12 months, median 5 years, median 10 years, and minimum 15 years: 77 (SD, 17) versus 61 (SD, 22), respectively ( P = .01), at the last follow-up. At all follow-up time points, the difference in mean Lysholm score was clinically significant (>10 points).

Conclusion:

At short, medium, and long term (minimum 15 years), mosaicplasty results in a better, clinically relevant outcome than microfracture in articular cartilage defects (2-5 cm2) of the distal femur of the knee in patients aged 18 to 50 years.
Sedation-Facilitated Sexual Violence
Authors: Vander Ven Thomas , Wright Lauren , Fesmire Clara
Published: December 2017

A recent investigative report in the Atlanta Journal-Constitution exposed what appears to be widespread sexual abuse committed by medical professionals. The report suggests that the intellectual advantages and social prominence of well-heeled medical professionals provide them with special resources to commit an undetected series of offenses and to avoid or reduce punishment when they are ultimately apprehended. Thus, the story implies that medical sexual abuse and its control is shaped by power and influence. Similarly, social constructionists argue that class and power shape debates, in part, through the manner in which the media frames social problems. The current study seeks to explore these issues by employing a qualitative approach to analyzing news reporting on medical professionals who drug and sexually violate their patients. Drawing from 22 sedation-facilitated sexual violence (SFSV) stories, we compare the media accounts of SFSV to 22 media treatments of stranger street attacks (i.e., blitz rapes). Guided by constructionist frameworks, for example, we investigated whether or not the language used to describe medical offenders suggested that they were more or less condemnation worthy than “stranger” offenders who attacked their victims in public spaces. Compared to blitz rapists, medical offenders were more likely to be referred to using admiration worthy terms (e.g., intelligent, exemplary), and their victims were more likely to be described as helpless and lacking in agency. Blitz rapists are more often described as coercive and brutal, and their victims are more likely to be framed as heroic, especially when they resist the offender.
Hydrophilic surface modification of coronary stent using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet for endothelialization
Authors: Shim Jae Won , Bae In-Ho , Park Dae Sung , Lee So-Youn , Jang Eun-Jae , Lim Kyung-Seob , Park Jun-Kyu , Kim Ju Han , Jeong Myung Ho
Published: December 2017

The first two authors contributed equally to this study. Bioactivity and cell adhesion properties are major factors for fabricating medical devices such as coronary stents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the advantages of atmospheric-pressure plasma jet in enhancing the biocompatibility and endothelial cell-favorites. The experimental objects were divided into before and after atmospheric-pressure plasma jet treatment with the ratio of nitrogen:argon = 3:1, which is similar to air. The treated surfaces were basically characterized by means of a contact angle analyzer for the activation property on their surfaces. The effect of atmospheric-pressure plasma jet on cellular response was examined by endothelial cell adhesion and XTT analysis. It was difficult to detect any changeable morphology after atmospheric-pressure plasma jet treatment on the surface. The roughness was increased after atmospheric-pressure plasma jet treatment compared to nonatmospheric-pressure plasma jet treatment (86.781 and 7.964 nm, respectively). The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that the surface concentration of the C–O groups increased slightly from 6% to 8% after plasma activation. The contact angle dramatically decreased in the atmospheric-pressure plasma jet treated group (22.6 ± 15.26°) compared to the nonatmospheric-pressure plasma jet treated group (72.4 ± 15.26°) ( n = 10, p < 0.05). The effect of the increment in hydrophilicity due to the atmospheric-pressure plasma jet on endothelial cell migration and proliferation was 85.2% ± 12.01% and 34.2% ± 2.68%, respectively, at 7 days, compared to the nonatmospheric-pressure plasma jet treated group (58.2% ± 11.44% in migration, n = 10, p < 0.05). Taken together, the stent surface could easily obtain a hydrophilic property by the atmospheric-pressure plasma jet method. Moreover, the atmospheric-pressure plasma jet might affect re-endothelialization after stenting.
Alcohol Priming and Attribution of Blame in an Acquaintance Rape Vignette
Authors: Stepanova Elena V. , Brown Amy L.
Published: December 2017

Research on nonpharmacological effects of alcohol shows that exposure to alcohol-related cues (i.e., alcohol priming) can increase behaviors associated with actual alcohol consumption. Attributions of responsibility to female victims in sexual assault scenarios are affected by whether or not alcohol was consumed by a victim and/or perpetrator. Victims often receive higher levels of blame if they consume alcohol prior to the assault. This work extends the research on nonpharmacological effects of alcohol into a novel domain of blame attribution toward rape victims. In two studies, participants in lab settings (Study 1; N = 184) and online (Study 2; N = 421) were primed with alcohol or neutral beverage advertisements as part of a purportedly separate ad-rating task and then were presented with a vignette depicting an acquaintance rape where the characters consumed beer or soda. Participants subsequently completed a questionnaire assessing victim blame and perpetrator blame. Across both studies, participants blamed the victim most when they were exposed to both contextual (story) and noncontextual (ads) alcohol cues; this effect was especially prominent in males in Study 1. Findings for perpetrator blame were inconsistent across studies. Implications of nonpharmacological effects of alcohol on blame attribution toward rape victims are discussed in the context of courtroom situations and bystander intervention.
Evaluating the Impact of Manufacturing Extension Services on Establishment Performance
Authors: Lipscomb Clifford A. , Youtie Jan , Shapira Philip , Arora Sanjay , Krause Andy
Published: December 2017

This study examines the effects of receipt of business assistance services from the Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP) on manufacturing establishment performance. The results generally indicate that MEP services have had positive and significant impacts on establishment productivity and sales per worker for the 2002 to 2007 period with some exceptions based on employment size, industry, and type of service provided. MEP services have also increased the probability of establishment survival for the 1997 to 2007 period. Regardless of econometric model specification, MEP clients with 1 to 19 employees have statistically significant and higher levels of labor productivity growth. The authors also observed significant productivity differences associated with MEP services by broad sector, with higher impacts over the 2002 to 2007 period in the durable goods manufacturing sector. The study further finds that establishments receiving MEP assistance are more likely to survive than those that do not receive MEP assistance.
A novel tab for tensile testing of unidirectional thermoplastic composites
Authors: Tahir Mazlina Mohd , Wang Wen-Xue , Matsubara Terutake
Published: December 2017

This study proposes a novel tab for the tensile testing of unidirectional (UD) carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polyamide 6 (CF/PA6) to reduce stress concentration at the tab end. The length of the new tab is identical to that of the UD CF/PA6 specimen to avoid a sudden change in geometry that is typically observed in a conventional tab end. Additionally, three types of UD CF/PA6 laminates from different manufacturers are used to fabricate tensile specimens. Specimens with a new tab and a conventional nontapered tab are tested under quasi-static tension. Finite element simulations of tensile testing are also performed for specimens with two types of tabs. The experimental and simulation results demonstrate that the newly designed tab reduces the stress concentration at the tab end by approximately 10% and improves the estimates of tensile strength for the UD thermoplastic composite laminates.
Predictors of Medication Nonadherence From Outpatient Pharmacy Data Within a Large, Academic Health System
Authors: Davidson Erica , Lam Simon , Sokn Erick
Published: December 2017

Background:

Medication nonadherence is a worldwide issue that can lead to poor clinical outcomes and increased health-care costs.

Objective:

To determine the predictors of medication nonadherence.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was conducted for patients who received prescription medications from Cleveland Clinic outpatient pharmacies. Prediction variables consisted of demographics, socioeconomic status, number of medications, and number of daily administrations. These variables were analyzed using a logistic regression to determine independent predictors of medication adherence.

Results:

Between January and September 2015, over 300 000 eligible prescriptions were filled, corresponding with over 70 000 unique patients. Of these, 29 134 patients were included. After multivariable regression, increasing age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.01), household income (OR: 1.03), and medication count (OR: 1.05) were found to be associated with adherence. Male gender (OR: 0.88), African American (OR: 0.45), Hispanic (OR: 0.62), or other race (OR: 0.87), being single (OR: 0.92), and increasing frequency of administrations per day (OR: 0.76) were associated with nonadherence.

Conclusion:

Medication nonadherence was associated with nonwhite race, single status, male gender, low socioeconomic status, and increasing frequency of medication administration. Based on these results, a risk prediction tool could be created to determine which patients are at the highest risk of medication nonadherence.
A fast-growing cold skin abscess revealing disseminated Mycobacterium intracellulare infection in an HIV-infected patient
Authors: Mendes-Bastos Pedro , Brás Susana , Carvalho Rodrigo
Published: December 2017

A 66-year-old woman with HIV-1 infection recently commenced on antiretroviral therapy (CD4+ 25 cells/mm3 was referred to the Dermatology Clinic the following month due to a well-demarcated nodule in the extensor surface of the left arm with evident fluctuation but only slight pain on palpation, with no increase in temperature. Surgical drainage was performed with aspiration of yellowish-green exudate, with no characteristic smell. In culture of cutaneous exudate, Mycobacterium intracellulare was isolated. Upon careful review of the laboratory tests that were in progress at discharge, the same agent was isolated in one of the bronchoalveolar lavage cultures. The diagnosis of cutaneous abscess caused by M. intracellulare from hematogenous dissemination of lung infection was made. The patient was treated with clarithromycin, ethambutol and rifabutin for 24 months. M. intracellulare species and Mycobacterium avium constitute the Mycobacterium avium–intracellulare complex (MAC), responsible for the majority of human infections by atypical mycobacteria. They are ubiquitous bacteria and MAC infection mainly affect immunocompromised patients, with M. intracellulare being isolated in <5% of HIV patients with MAC infection. Cutaneous infection is rare and may present clinically with erythematous plaques, chronic ulcers or abscesses. When present, skin involvement is usually secondary to pulmonary infection.
Active flow control by means of endwall synthetic jet on a high-speed compressor stator cascade
Authors: Qin Yong , Song Yanping , Chen Fu , Wang Ruoyu , Liu Huaping
Published: December 2017

The underlying physics of the endwall synthetic jet in improving the aerodynamic performance of a high-speed compressor stator cascade is investigated in this paper. The effects of both injected momentum and actuation frequency are discussed in detail. In the investigations, the injected momentum is controlled by either changing the maximum jet velocity or modifying the tube diameter. Numerical results demonstrate that the streamwise momentum addition and flow mixing enhancement are the key factors of the endwall synthetic jet in improving the cascade performance. The high momentum fluid injected into the flow field can reenergize the passage flow, and the generated streamwise jet vortex contributes to the strengthening of flow mixing. Consequently, the momentum exchange between the low momentum fluid region and the main flow is enhanced and boundary layer separation on the blade suction surface is delayed. The loss characteristic in the corner region is improved as well. The intensified flow mixing will also increase the total pressure loss in the near-endwall region, which as a result will worsen the cascade performance, and hence the total effect of the endwall synthetic jet depends on the sum of its impacts. Moreover, the injected momentum and the actuation frequency have strong influences on the flow control effect. With the momentum coefficient and the reduced frequency being Cµ = 0.131% and F+ = 1.0, the reduction in total pressure loss coefficient and the increment in pressure rise coefficient are 7.3% and 3.3%, respectively.
A synthesized data envelopment analysis model and its application in resource efficiency evaluation and dynamic trend analysis
Authors: Meng Sun , Zhou Wei , Chen Jin , Zhang Cheng
Published: December 2017

Based on the total factor productivity and the resource efficiency, this paper proposes a synthesized data envelopment analysis (DEA) model by using the DEA approach and the Malmquist index. Furthermore, this model is applied to a comprehensive empirical study of the resource efficiency evaluation in China from 2013 to 2015. By introducing some desirable and undesirable factors, we calculate and analyze the whole resource efficiency, the input redundancy ratio, and the output inefficiency ratio of China from 2013 to 2015 based on the synthesized DEA model. Then, we analyze the dynamic trends of the resource efficiency in 31 provinces of China during these three years by applying the corresponding Malmquist index. After that, some interesting conclusions are derived, which are useful for the government. At last, some practical suggestions about improving the resource efficiency of these provinces are provided.
Estimating scaled treatment effects with multiple outcomes
Authors: Kennedy Edward H , Kangovi Shreya , Mitra Nandita
Published: December 2017

In classical study designs, the aim is often to learn about the effects of a treatment or intervention on a single outcome; in many modern studies, however, data on multiple outcomes are collected and it is of interest to explore effects on multiple outcomes simultaneously. Such designs can be particularly useful in patient-centered research, where different outcomes might be more or less important to different patients. In this paper, we propose scaled effect measures (via potential outcomes) that translate effects on multiple outcomes to a common scale, using mean-variance and median-interquartile range based standardizations. We present efficient, nonparametric, doubly robust methods for estimating these scaled effects (and weighted average summary measures), and for testing the null hypothesis that treatment affects all outcomes equally. We also discuss methods for exploring how treatment effects depend on covariates (i.e., effect modification). In addition to describing efficiency theory for our estimands and the asymptotic behavior of our estimators, we illustrate the methods in a simulation study and a data analysis. Importantly, and in contrast to much of the literature concerning effects on multiple outcomes, our methods are nonparametric and can be used not only in randomized trials to yield increased efficiency, but also in observational studies with high-dimensional covariates to reduce confounding bias.
The World in the Classroom
Authors: Mishra Samina
Published: December 2017

Using the experience of teaching film in the International Baccalaureate programme, this article presents the intellectual and emotional learning that film can enable as well as the possibilities of using film as a pedagogic tool for the collaborative construction of knowledge.
A Community-Based Evaluation of Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) for the Black Community
Authors: Green Helena D.
Published: December 2017

Limited research evaluates substance use prevention and intervention strategies for cultural sensitivity, appropriateness of content, patient/provider interactions, and implementation for racial and ethnic minority populations. This study uses the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to examine a community-based evaluation of Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) for implementation among the Black community in a small, urban setting. Data were gathered through four separate focus groups, one for service providers ( n = 7), one for community youth leaders ( n = 8), and two for community members ( n = 10). Findings suggest that a range of multi-level service needs and underlying mechanisms of implementation should be considered when administering SBIRT within community health settings serving Black populations. This community-involved evaluation of SBIRT responds to the call for the examination of implementation in specific settings, and suggests a need for further examinations of strategies that support engagement through SBIRT and other innovations.
Respecting Choices and Related Models of Advance Care Planning: A Systematic Review of Published Evidence
Authors: MacKenzie Meredith A. , Smith-Howell Esther , Bomba Patricia A. , Meghani Salimah H.
Published: December 2017

All individuals should receive care consistent with their expressed preferences during serious and chronic illnesses. Respecting Choices (RC) is a well-known model of advance care planning intended to assist individuals consider, choose, and communicate these preferences to health-care providers. In this systematic review, we evaluated the published literature on the outcomes of the RC and derivative models utilizing criteria developed by the Cochrane Collaborative. Eighteen articles from 16 studies were included, of which 9 were randomized controlled trials, 6 were observational, and 1 was a pre–posttest study. Only 2 specifically included a minority population (African American). Fourteen were conducted in the United States, primarily in the Wisconsin/Minnesota region (n = 8). Seven studies examined the RC model, whereas 9 examined derivative models. There was significant heterogeneity of outcomes examined. We found that there is a low level of evidence that RC and derivative models increase the incidence and prevalence of Advance Directive and Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment completion. There is a high level of evidence that RC and derivative models increase patient–surrogate congruence in Caucasian populations. The evidence is mixed, inconclusive, and too poor in quality to determine whether RC and derivative models change the consistency of treatment with wishes and overall health-care utilization in the end of life. We urge further studies be conducted, particularly with minority populations and focused on the outcomes of preference-congruent treatment and health-care utilization.
Temporal Patterns and Influential Factors of Blood Glucose Levels During the First 10-Day Critical Period After Brain Injury
Authors: Oh HyunSoo , Lee KangIm , Shin SeonYoung , Seo WhaSook
Published: December 2017

This study was conducted to document temporal patterns of blood glucose level changes during the first 10-day critical period and to identify factors that influence stress-induced hyperglycemia development in brain injury patients. The medical records of 190 brain injury patients were retrospectively reviewed. Blood glucose levels in the poor recovery group were significantly higher than in the good recovery group, particularly during the first 72 hr (158-172 mg/dl). The poor recovery group showed persistent, fluctuating hyperglycemia, whereas the good recovery group exhibited hyperglycemic peaks during the first 3 days that subsequently reduced linearly to normal. Gender, preexisting hypertension, disease severity at admission, total calorie intake, and steroid use were found to influence stress-induced hyperglycemia development significantly. In conclusion, close monitoring and adjustment are required to maintain safe blood glucose levels and the development of protocols for safe glycemic management is essential to improve critical care in brain injury patients.
A Review and Reconsideration of Nonneoplastic Myometrial Pathology
Authors: Cramer Stewart F. , Heller Debra S.
Published: December 2017

From 1861 to 1962, clinicopathologic research tried to explain the association of abnormal uterine bleeding with uterine enlargement. The etiology was theorized as metropathy, suggesting that myometrial dysfunction may predispose to abnormal uterine bleeding. Research reached a nadir in 1962, when a major review dismissed myometrial hypertrophy as a plausible explanation after prior rejections of the theories of chronic myometritis, fibrosis uteri, and subinvolution as causes of bleeding. Subsequent to this arose a crusade against unnecessary hysterectomies in the 1970s. Although myometrial hyperplasia was proposed in 1868, it is only in the past 25 years that tangible evidence has supported that idea. It now appears that clinically enlarged uteri are due to globoid outward bulging of the uterus, caused by increased intramural pressure—often unrelated to either uterine weight or myometrial thickness. Abnormal (dysfunctional) uterine bleeding may often be due to spontaneous rupture of thrombosed dilated endometrial vessels, due to the combined effects of obstructed venous drainage by increased intramural pressure, and Virchow’s triad. Despite a century-old known association of parity with naturally occurring outer wall myometrial scars (fibrosis uteri with elastosis), it was not previously suggested that these may reflect healing reactions to muscle tears during labor and delivery. We now suggest that smaller, similar inner wall elastotic scars in the nerve-rich inner myometrium may explain many cases of pelvic pain. This review suggests that diverse pressure-related lesions may be present in clinically abnormal uteri that have been called “normal” since the crusade against unnecessary hysterectomy.
Myxopapillary Ependymoma of Lumbar Soft Tissue: A Case Report With Gene Expression Evaluation
Authors: Shelekhova Ksenya V. , Egorenkov Vitaly V. , Kheinstein Valery A. , Konstantinova Anastasia M. , Iyevleva Aglaya , Imyanitov Evgeny N. , Matsko Marina V. , Matsko Dmitry E.
Published: December 2017

Primary extraspinal myxopapillary ependymoma (MPE) is an exceptionally rare lesion that is mainly located in the subcutaneous sacrococcygeal region. We describe the first case of MPE that presented as an intramuscular tumor mass located in the lumbar area. Absence of the visible connection with the spinal cord and lack of any other tumors in the reported case argue for the primary ectopic origin of the MPE. The differential diagnosis of MPE is discussed. Additionally, we evaluated the expression level of molecular biomarkers that have a prognostic value in central nervous system tumors.