bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kuvia kaikesta huolimatta – Gerhard Richterin Birkenau ja Georges Didi-Hubermanin Images malgré tout
Authors: Tanhuanpää Ari
Published: April 2022

Gerhard Richterin Birkenau-maalaussarja (2014) oli näytteillä viime vuonna Berliinin Alte Nationalgaleriessa. Alkusysäyksen teoksen valmistumiselle ovat antaneet juutalaisvankien Auschwitz-Birkenaun tuhoamisleirillä 1944 salaa ottamat ns. Sonderkommando-valokuvat sekä Georges Didi-Hubermanin niiden pohjalta kirjoittama teos Images malgré tout (2004). Artikkelissa esitetään, että Richter jakaa Didi-Hubermanin kanssa traumaattisen omakohtaisen suhteen sodanaikaisen Saksan tapahtumiin. Valotan myös Richterin Birkenaun suhdetta joihinkin hänen tuotantonsa muihin teemoihin. Laajemmin käsitellään Didi-Hubermanin mainitun teoksen kriittistä vastaanottoa, joka liittyi toisen maailmansodan jälkeen puhjenneeseen holokaustin kuvallista esittämistä koskevaan moraaliseen kiistaan. Richterin teokset sulautuvat osaksi näitä keskusteluja.
Kuvista, etiikasta ja vaikeuden sietämisestä
Authors: Kokkinen Nina , Niemelä Riikka
Published: April 2022

Pääkirjoitus
PROMOTING INDONESIAN TOURISM TO CHINESE TOURISTS THROUGH JOURNALISM STRATEGIES IN WECHAT
Authors: Yuniarto Hendy
Published: April 2022

Indonesia is one of the top ten destinations for Chinese people. In fact, Chinese tourists contributed the highest number of foreign tourists to Indonesia. The innovative access to information facilitated them to plan itinerary in Indonesia. The Indonesian government who aimed at increasing Chinese tourists can implement digital tools. This brief study elaborates the use of journalism to review destinations which were disseminated through Wechat. Various destinations in Indonesia can be informed to more than 800 million of Wechat users. The reviews of a tourism destination are not limited to general or popular destinations, but also to new destinations that have not been known widely. The news structure is divided into 6 sections, including location details, the history, the attraction, how to get to the place, useful information, and the cost. Some obstacles related to translation and the dissemination of the news can be solved by working with some parties to promote this strategy.DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/ijhs.2017.010111
PROMOTING ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS IN LEARNING CONTEXTS
Authors: Paradewari Dirtya S. , Avillanova Anchieta A. , Lasar Aloysia B.
Published: April 2022

A bundle of studies in multidisciplinary context has been conducted concerningthe earth changes. As we are now witnessing the destruction that our earth issuffering from, promoting environmental awareness becomes visible to be vital.In line with the rapid development of information mobility and technology,English is becoming worlds language. The scope of English users then proved tobe continuously in growth. Therefore, English as foreign language (EFL) learningcontext is considered ideal to promote the environmental awareness. There are some evidence that support the way of promoting the environmental awareness inthe educational context. Moreover, Pike and Shelby (1994) point outconsciousness in various aspects as the desired result for promoting environmentalawareness through education. This paper elaborates those evidence and discussesthe aims of global environmental education.DOI:https://doi.org/10.24071/ijhs.2018.010213
ECOLINGUISTIC STUDY OF CONSERVATION NEWS TEXTS IN INDONESIAN MASS MEDIA
Authors: Yuniawan Tommi
Published: April 2022

This study aims to describe the study of ecolinguistics in the conservation news text in Indonesian mass media. The study of ecolinguistics examines discourse texts pertaining to the environment. The environmental discourse with all its embodiments (oral text, written text, images and internet) is called green texts. Green texts can be found in the consolidated news text in the mass media. This text contains a language expression of conservation events or issues relating to the vision of a conservation-oriented university. The research used descriptive qualitative method. This research data in the form of lingual unit of news fragment of conservation news sourced from mass media of Indonesia which is relatively many. Methods of data collection are done by referring the method, literature study method, and documentation method. Furthermore, the data were analyzed by using the method of comparison and contrast. Based on the results of the analysis and discussion, it is concluded that in the conservation news text in Indonesian mass media, it is found that ecolexicon in the texts are in the form of (a) base word, (b) derivative words, (c) noun phrases, (d) verbal phrases, and (e) adjective phrases. The results of this study are expected to contribute theoretically and practically to the field of linguistics, language learning, journalism, and public policy.DOI:https://doi.org/10.24071/ijhs.2018.010203
LOCAL CULTURAL LITERACY AND ITS PROMOTION
Authors: Muljani Retno , Sunarto Emanuel
Published: April 2022

As a place of conservation, research, education, and entertainment, a museum can support formal educational institutions to introduce kinds of literacy, including local cultural literacy. Local cultural literacy in this study referred to the knowledge of wayang ( = puppets) belonging to Museum Wayang Kekayon Yogyakarta (MWK). Visitors to MWK can learn the tangible and intangible aspects of wayang collections of MWK. As a preliminary study of a multi-year research, this study addressed two research questions: 1) what educational functions can be promoted through MWK collections? and 2) what criteria should promotional media have in order to promote MWK? The study implemented hermeneutic approach supported by theories of Semiotics, Discourse, Pragmatics, and Web Usability. Data were collected by browsing the Internet, conducting observations while visiting MWK, interviewing experts on museum, wayang, and semiotics and MWK educators. The findings of the study were 1) the identification of MWK educational functions to introduce cultural literacy and other relevant philosophical values, and 2) the CLEAR criteria of effective promotional media to promote cultural (wayang) literacy in the digital era. The study recommended that fun but meaningful activities should be conducted at MWK, and relevant resources and tools should be provided and used to support the activities.DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/ijhs.2018.020104
THE NATURE OF LITERARY STUDY AFTER THE RISE OF CONTEMPORARY LITERARY THEORY
Authors: Sutanto Dian Natalia
Published: April 2022

Before the rise of contemporary literary theory, literary study mainly concerned with the nature, role, function of literary works and general schema for literary criticism. The rise of contemporary literary theories, such as structuralism, poststructuralism, psychoanalysis, feminism, new historicism, postcolonialism, and so on have changed the nature of literary study. By applying concepts and paradigms taken from other spheres of intellectual activity, such as culture, linguistics, aesthetics, politics, history, psychology, economics, gender, and so on, current literary study starts questioning and criticizing literary study basic assumptions. Contemporary literary theory brings a broad array of fundamental issues to attention, such as the act of reading, interpretative strategy, epistemology of literary scholarships, nationalism, genre, gender, originality, intertextuality, social hegemony, authorial intention, truth, representation and so on.DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/ijhs.2018.020109
POSTCOLONIAL ECOCRITICISM IN HUNGER BY ELISE BLACKWELL
Authors: Manggong Lestari
Published: April 2022

Hunger, a novella by a contemporary American novelist, Elise Blackwell, centres in the story of a Russian botanist, Nikolai Vavilov, during the Leningrad siege in 1941. Vavilov protects his collection of seeds at the Research Institute of Plant Industry in Leningrad against all odds, to be preserved for research for future use. In the recounting moments during the siege, the narrative provides parallelism between Leningrad and the ancient city of Babylon. In postcolonial writing, this can be perceived as a form of nostalgic projection of the past (Walder, 2011). Such a parallelism triggers a postcolonial narrative analysis on the pairing of the two as affinity, focusing on the significance of the comparison between the two cities (between the apocalyptic present and the glorious past). The contribution of this parallelism will be discussed to understand the novella as a narrative mode of ecocriticism, with regards to the idea of prioritizing seeds over human lives, which also acts as the steering issue stirring the plot. By mainly referring to Garrard (2004) and Huggan and Tiffin (2010) on ecocriticism and postcolonial ecocriticism, this essay in general aims to investigate how the novella contributes new perspectives on the intertwining between postcolonial studies and ecocriticism.
GROUP GUIDANCE SERVICES BASED ON FOLKLORE FOR STUDENTS JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Supriyanto Agus , Wahyudi Amien
Published: April 2022

Professional guidance and counseling services are based on a comprehensive guidance and counseling program. Professional counselors were able to implement the program of group guidance based assessment prior to program implementation with four competencies, (1) personality, (2) paedagogy, (3) social, and (4) professional. This article discusses the effectiveness of group guidance services through folklore. The fundamental goal of folklore as a medium of group guidance services is the history of the past can foster National Character. The research approach uses literature study. The analysis through descriptive analysis. The findings show that process of group guidance services through the opening stage, intermediate, core activities, and termination. Folklore as the primary basis of group guidance services carried out on the core activities. Folklore presented by the counselor as a group leader and discussed by members with leader of the group to develop a National Character. Folklore in the process of group counseling is effective in order to grow a national character that corresponds to the origin of the formation of the Nation.DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/ijiet.2018.020105
PRE-SERVICE ENGLISH TEACHER PERCEPTION ABOUT HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS (HOTS) IN THE 21ST CENTURY LEARNING
Authors: Fakhomah Desy Nur , Utami Melati Sri
Published: April 2022

In Indonesia, the consciousness of the significance of HOTs becomes an educational purpose. This study aims to investigate what teachers perception and the difficulty in implementing HOTS in 21st century of English language teaching. This research adopted a sequential explanatory mixed methods design (Creswell, 2014). It is regarded as explanatory because the initial quantitative data results are explained with the qualitative data. There were 5 participants in total who have volunteered for this study. They are the Pre-service English Teacher of Professional Teacher Program from different universities using randomized sampling. This study indicated that the participants have a high perception in implementing HOTs in the classroom. However, the participants face some difficulties in its implementation, such as time management and students ability.DOI: doi.org/10.24071/ijiet.2019.030104
EFFORTS TO SUPPORT AND EXPAND THE USE OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY AS A MEANS OF DELIVERING LEARNING
Authors: Retnawati Elva
Published: April 2022

Indonesian government has made improving basic education a priority, and indicated that it sees technology as a way to provide teachers with the means to teach innovative lessons while closing the performance gap between rural and urban schools and between poorer and richer provinces. The role of technology must be aligned with the existing education ecosystem. It should not replace the traditional education system that involves teachers, schools, universities and parents, albeit offering wide range of information and allowing independent learning. Education is not only about learning in school, but also building a character. That is why the role of technology is intended as a tool to support the learning process, to open access, and improve quality. This paper describes the efforts taken by the Indonesian government in supporting and expanding the use of technology in the field of education in Indonesia. The discussions are supported by related research findings and literature.DOI: doi.org/10.24071/ijiet.2019.030112
STUDENTS� PERCEPTION OF DIFFICULTY LEVELS OF SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL CIVIC EDUCATION CURRICULUM CONTENT IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Okunloye William Rotimi
Published: April 2022

The learnability of school curriculum has been attributed to students perception of different school subjects which also determines the level of students performance and ultimately the achievability of the intended curriculum objectives. Studies had been conducted in other subject area apart from Civic Education which is relatively new in the Nigerian Secondary School curriculum. This paper examines students perceived difficulty levels in Civic Education curriculum content and the factors associated with their perceptions. The population for the study comprised all Civic Education students in Osun State, Nigeria. Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study and a researcher-designed instrument titled Civic Education Student Syllabus Perception Questionnaire (CESPQ) was administered to 487 randomly selected students drawn from stratified randomly selected 25 Senior Secondary Schools in Osogbo, Osun state, Nigeria. The Three research questions raised for the study were answered using percentage, mean and standard deviation statistics. The results showed that the Senior School Civic Education Syllabus (SSCES) topics were perceived by students to be of different difficulty levels ranging from difficult, to very simple with an absolute majority of them being predominantly very simple. The observed difficulty levels were associated with inadequate textbooks, teachers presentation of lessons and wide content coverage. These imply that the Civic Education curriculum is predominantly learnable while the curriculum objectives are also predominantly achievable. Based on these findings, it was recommended that teachers should enhance the learnability of the few perceived difficult topics by students through the use of predominantly learner-centred strategies and more learner-friendly strategies to teach the subject.DOI: doi.org/10.24071/ijiet.2019.030205
ACTION RESEARCH ON MATHEMATICS PHOBIA AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Das Kaushik
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is to find out the causes of fear in the mathematics of eleventh-grade students and to find a solution. Action research is a method that has proven to be valuable as a problem-solving tool. It can provide opportunities for reflection, improvement, transformation, and solutions to learning. The idea for this project began as a discussion among the Mathematics Phobia at Secondary school in West Bengal followed by WBCHSE Curriculum. The researchers investigate several dimensions of Mathematics Phobia. Several research questions stand out: a) Find out how much is an error in the curriculum? b) Finding students' lack of interest in learning mathematics? c) Find out how students' attitudes toward teaching methods and d) Find out Error in the learning process. The idea for this project began as a discussion among the Mathematics Phobia at Secondary school in West Bengal followed by WBCHSE Curriculum. The researchers selected 50 students from the 11th-grade class, of which 32 were male and 18 are female. Researchers formulated 12 questions and four Hypotheses. The methodology of the study is a mixed type involving interpretative, analytical study of documents, interview, survey questionnaire, observation, qualitative and quantitative data analysis, and study secondary sources, like books, university news, expert opinion, articles, journals, thesis and websites, etc. This study researcher using statistical method percentage bar-graph finally, meaningful suggestions are offered.
SINDESO: FOSTERING HIGH ORDER THINKING SKILLS THROUGH REAL PRACTICE EDUCATION
Authors: Apriyanti Chusna
Published: April 2022

This study aims to know Si ndeso program hosted by Sekolah Alam Pacitan and to know the development of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in Si ndeso program. The researcher used descriptive qualitative research design. The researcher collected the data from the students joined Si ndeso, the teachers, the communities. There were 130 students divided into 10 group. The research was conducted in February 2018 during Si ndeso program. The research was conducted in Wonoanti, Tulakan Pacitan and Sekolah Alam Pacitan. The data were collected by implementing observation and interview. After being collected, the data were analyzed by using Miles and Huberman data analysis step, including data condensation, data display, and drawing conclusion/verification. The result showed that Si ndeso program is conducted into three steps: preparation, main, and evaluation phase. Higher order thinking skills (HOTS) is developed through remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating process during Si ndeso program.
LOCAL WISDOM IN LEARNING AS AN EFFORT TO INCREASE CULTURAL KNOWLEDGE: STUDENTS� PERCEPTION AS PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS
Authors: Pamenang Fransisca Ditawati Nur
Published: April 2022

Education not only teaches concepts but also the formation of attitudes and characters in preserving local culture. Knowledge of local wisdom is important because it is a means for students to better understand and love their culture. This study aims to determine the response of students and how the ability of prospective teachers to design local wisdom-based learning. A questionnaire and observation instrument were employed in this research. Students' perceptions of learning based on local wisdom were assessed. Besides, the ability of students in designing local wisdom-based learning activities was evaluated. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study. The results of this research showed students' positive perception of learning based on local wisdom. The ability of students in designing learning activities gives good results. Local wisdom-based learning provides an opportunity for students to get to know their local culture and develop it into chemistry learning activities. The researcher of this study suggests the continuity of the implementation of local wisdom-based learning to preserve local wisdom values.
Foreshadows and Symbols in The Brussels Company�s Main Office in Joseph Conrad�s Heart of Darkness
Authors: Ena Ouda Teda , Yulia Made Frida
Published: April 2022

Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness unveils a story about a journey to the inner selfto find the mysteries of human mind. The way the writer presents his story is veryintriguing in that he makes of use of many foreshadows and symbols. This paperattempts to examine the foreshadows and symbols which Conrad uses in this novella;however, the discussion is limited to the ones that appear in The Brussels CompanysMain Office.DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.2012.150202
Students� Subject-Verb Agreement Errors in Paragraph Writing Class
Authors: Mali Yustinus Calvin Gai , Yulia Made Frida
Published: April 2022

Subject-verb agreement is an essential element to master by English LanguageEducation Study Program (ELESP) students, who are prepared to be English teachersin the future. However, the researchers still find the fact that ELESP students makethe errors on the agreement. For that reason, it would be significant to find out theerrors made by the students as well as to discover the factors behind the errors.To achieve those purposes, the researchers conducted a document analysis and asemi-structure interview.The research results showed most of the errors belongedto misinformation category (71.4%) and were subsequently followed by omissioncategory (17.9%) and addition category (10.7%). In addition, from the interview,the researchers also found five (5) major factors that caused the students to makethe errors, namely interlingual error, ignorance of rule restrictions, incompleteapplication of rules, false concepts hypothesized, and carelessness.DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.2012.150204
An Analysis on the Language Style of the Utterances in Magnum Advertisements
Authors: Permatasari Sonia Niken , Yulia Made Frida
Published: April 2022

The role of broadcasted advertisements is undeniably important for thecompanies to market their products. To convince the audience, advertisers have toconvey the persuasive message through the use of linguistic features. Those linguisticfeatures will influence the persuasion techniques used in advertisements and thepower relation which is built between the companies and the consumers.This study attempted to s olve two research problems related to the languagestyle of the utterances in Magnum advertisements. They were (1) What are thelinguistic features of Magnum advertisements? (2) What kind of power relation doesMagnum have upon consumers through the advertisements As an endeavor to solve those two problems, document analysis was employed in analyzing the transcript of the utterances in ten (10) Magnum advertisements. The first research problem was solved by categorizing the words or the sentencesinto some linguistic features of advertising language proposed by Grey (2008). Thesecond research problem was solved by interpreting the power relation in Magnumadvertisements based on Frenchs and Ravens theory (1959).From the obtained data, it was found that there were only a few linguisticfeatures which appeared in Magnum advertisements. The power relation betweenthe companies and the consumers could be defined easily because the utteranceswere clear enough. Furthermore, the simplicity of Magnum advertisements presentedMagnums special characteristics albeit the advertisers did not vary the languagestyle.DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.2013.160104
English Learning that Fosters Positive Attitudes
Authors: Gunawan Y.B.
Published: April 2022

This article discusses the integration of English teaching and attitude components. In the new school curriculum the attitude or affective domain components are considered very important as we can see in the Core Competence and Basic Competence. The English teacher should be able to teach English while paying attention to the attitude components. This article aims to show that the two aspects can be done together. The assumption taken is that while teaching English, the teacher also develops the students affective domain/deals with the learners attitude. What remains to be done is that the English teacher should be able to identify his/her theoretical orientation that he/she has with regard to language, language learning, and educational cultural viewpoints. One of these viewpoints language learning is further elaborated in H.D. Browns second language learning principles. With these major concepts and principles the English teacher is expected to be able to integrate the English teaching-learning process with the affective-domain related process.DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.2014.170105
Code Switching in the Instructions of English Language Education Study Program Lecturers
Authors: Mukti Thomas Wahyu Prabowo , Muljani Retno
Published: April 2022

Language is an essential mean of communication in teaching and learning activities. Specifically, in the English Language Education Study Program (ELESP) that employs English as the main instructional language for teaching and learning activities. Considering that English was not students first language, some lecturers employed code switching to help third-semester students in learning English. With regard to this phenomenon, this study addressed two research questions. First, what the types of code switching ELESP lecturers employ in their instructional languages are and second, what the reasons for ELESP lecturers to employ code switching in their instructional languages are. This study belonged to a basic interpretative study. It employed interview guidelines to understand the experiences of the lecturers who employed code switching. The results of this study showed that the lecturers employed both situational and metaphorical code switching. In addition, the writer found that the participants of the study code-switched for the reasons which can be classified into topic, addressee, emphasis, persuasion, solidarity, affection, nature of the subject and strategy. The results of the study also revealed that the use of code switching in lecturers instructional languages was mainly for the students understanding.DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.2016.190105
Domains of Political Metaphors in Presidential Speeches
Authors: Pasaribu Truly Almendo
Published: April 2022

Speeches are products of human minds reflecting ideas and opinions of the speakers. Crystal (1987) mentions that the way people use language does not only give us information about their geographical, ethnic and social background, but it also reflects the type of context in which they are communicating. As an interesting feature of a language, metaphors in political speeches can be powerful and persuasive. This research aimed at finding the source domains of political metaphors in Joko Widodos speeches, namely: his victory speech and his inaugural speech. These speeches were chosen to be analyzed due to their distinct context and setting. To achieve the goal of the study, the paper explicated Lakoff and Johnsons Contemporary Theory of Conceptual Metaphor (1980, 1992). The findings and discussion argue that the speeches use more positive metaphors of unity rather than metaphors of battle or competition. Furthermore, the texts also conceptualize Indonesian political realm as a journey and navigation, which give the audience a sense of progress. The maritime metaphors in particular are abundant in the two speeches because they reflect one of Widodos visions to strengthen Indonesian maritime.DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.2016.190204
Student�s Perceptions on Simulation as Part of Experiential Learning in Approaches, Methods, and Techniques (AMT) Course
Authors: Purnomo Marselina Karina
Published: April 2022

Simulation is a part of Experiential Learning which represents certain real-life events. In this study, simulation is used as a learning activity in Approaches, Methods, and Techniques (AMT) course which is one of the courses in English Language Education Study Program (ELESP) of Sanata Dharma University. Since simulation represents the real-life events, it encourages students to apply the approaches, methods, and techniques being studied based on the real-life classroom. Several experts state that students are able to involve their personal experiences through simulation which additionally is believed to create a meaningful learning in the class. This study aimed to discover ELESP students perceptions toward simulation as a part of Experiential Learning in AMT course. From the findings, it could be inferred that students agreed that simulation in class was important for students learning for it formed a meaningful learning in class.DOI:https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.2017.200104
TEACHERS� BEHALF ON LANGUAGE TEST CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Ismail Nyak Mutia , Yoestara Marisa
Published: April 2022

There are four steps necessarily to be conducted when designing multiple-choice test items, namely setting the objective, building both concise stems and options, determining one correct answer, employing item indices to accept or discarding items (Brown, 2004). As a matter of fact, most teachers in Aceh are not very well-informed about the fourth step and they accept all items as they are. This study focuses on high school teachers who undergo all of the steps offered in the framework when constructing multiple-choice items for English summative test(s). The qualitative method using framework analysis was used in obtaining the data. A questionnaire was distributed to 15 teachers. The analysis process was carried out through three-step analysis (Miles, Huberman, Saldana, 2013). The results depict that the teachers hardly conduct the index determining step or try-outs when constructing a test. This implies that there is no empirical warrant that all items are worth tested and can be the fundamentals for decision-making when assessing and evaluating students test results.DOI: doi.org/10.24071/llt.2017.200201
VOCABULARY ENHANCEMENT OF FEMALE ESL LEARNERS THROUGH SHORT STORIES: A RURAL/ URBAN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Ahmed Naseer
Published: April 2022

Teaching English has progressed rapidly with the changing requirements of society. Current study has not only the purpose of testing vocabulary enhancement by short stories but also monitors its effects on rural and urban population at secondary level. Present study utilizes Pre-test, post-test experimental design. Before the commencement of study, 50 students took their pre-test from rural site and 50 students took their pre-test from urban site. Only those 20, 20 students were selected from both sites whose accumulative score was almost the same. After this, five short stories were taught to both groups for five weeks with the same methodology. After the completion of coaching, a post-test was conducted. Marks of pre-test and post-test of both rural and urban groups were compared to see difference in learning. Data was analyzed statistically by using SPSS 20 for windows. Analysis of data proved that urban group had statistically significant improvement as compared to rural group.DOI: doi.org/10.24071/llt.2017.200207
READING HABITS IN DIGITAL ERA: A RESEARCH ON THE STUDENTS IN BORNEO UNIVERSITY
Authors: Tanjung Firima Zona , Ridwan Ridwan , Gultom Uli Agustina
Published: April 2022

This research aims to explore the current reading habits of university students. Moreover, it aims to determine the effects of widespread use of the internet and other digital resources in reading habits and to give some possible recommendation to improve students reading habits in the digital era. The research design was descriptive survey research. The instrument of the research was questionnaire, which is based on Akarsu and Dariyemez (2014) and Chauhan and Lal (2012). The participants of the research were 320 students studying in six majors in Faculty of Teachers Training and Education at Borneo University. They were selected through the cluster random sampling. The questionnaire involved six categories, namely demographic information, frequency of items read, contents of online reading, online activities, content first clicked when online, and techniques to develop reading habits. All research data was analyzed using SPSS Statistics 22 program.DOI: doi.org/10.24071/llt.2017.200209
TRILINGUAL TEXTUALIZATION TO DELIVER INDONESIAN LOCAL CULTURES TO HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Sunarto Emmanuel , Mukarto F. X. , Bismoko J. , Dewi Novita
Published: April 2022

This article addresses issues surrounding translation of local texts from regional languages and cultures throughout the Indonesian archipelago into Indonesian and English. The textualization of the local culture to be documented includes: (1) folklore, (2) life-cycle rituals, (3) socio-religious rituals, (4) traditional medicine and other local wisdom, and (5) local culinary. It will discuss the formulation of the basic philosophy, themes, and values in the local texts to translate as well as principles of translation to apply. The study shows that textualization of the local texts helps support the politics of the national language, namely the use of Indonesian as the national language, the preservation of local languages as the fundamental support of the national culture, and the exposure of various local wisdoms to the global community. The availability of trilingual cultural texts will likely contribute to the promotion of human dignity.DOI:doi.org/10.24071/llt.2018.210109
DEVELOPING TASK-BASED LEARNING MODEL FOR LANGUAGE TEACHING MEDIA COURSE IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
Authors: Angelina Patricia
Published: April 2022

Language Teaching Media is one of the obligatory courses for the fifth semester students in the English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University. It provides the students with theories on language teaching media and opportunities to create innovative teaching media. This study aims to develop a learning model for Language Teaching Media course. Therefore, this study uses Research and Development method proposed by Borg Galls. There are ten steps in the Research and Development method, namely: (1) Research and Information Collecting, (2) Planning, (3) Developing Preliminary Form of Product, (4) Preliminary Field Testing, (5) Main Product Revision, (6) Main Field Testing, (7) Operational Product Revision, (8) Operational Field Testing, (9) Final Product Revision and (10) Dissemination and Implementation. Since the aim of this study is to develop the learning model for Language Teaching Media Course, only three out of ten steps of the RD model were employed, namely: Research and Information Collecting, Planning, and Developing Preliminary Form of Product. The developed learning model would be useful to enable the students to develop and utilize media to facilitate language teaching using their creativity and innovation.DOI:doi.org/10.24071/llt.2018.210104
LISTENING CLASS AND MORAL EDUCATION
Authors: Prancisca Stella , Rizqi M. Ainur
Published: April 2022

Since some students including in my class become more self-oriented and less aware on group, there is a need to integrate online teaching material which contains values in society into English language course. We believe that English language teaching, in some extents, could facilitate this necessity. A good choice of material, for example, is not only beneficial to promote students language skill, but also could inspire students to become a better individual. This paper aims to examine whether online materials could promote students English language skill, especially in listening comprehension. In addition, it is keen to better understand how these resources could influence and develop their moral values. The paper is designed as a classroom action research. To collect data, we employ two tests (pre-and post-test), questionnaires, and interview. Since this paper is still a research design, it should be noted that there is no finding and discussion yet here.DOI:doi.org/10.24071/llt.2018.210108
INDONESIAN STUDENTS� LANGUAGE ATTITUDES TOWARDS INDONESIAN AND ENGLISH THROUGH EDUCATION AND WORKING FRAME
Authors: Kurniasari Monika Dini , Mbato Concilianus Laos
Published: April 2022

This research aimed to explore language attitudes of Indonesian EFL learners towards English and Indonesian and studied the relationship of language attitudes in terms of educational background and study programs. A total of 256 Indonesian participants, randomly selected from five universities (two public, three private), answered a two-part questionnaire (Language Background Questionnaire and General Language Attitudes Survey). The analyses of the data expose that the participants alleged to the positive attitudes towards English as they were stimulated to learn the language, and appreciated their English skill as a means to attain better study or work opportunities, meanwhile in view of their native language-Indonesian superior to English. As a result, the study infers that the participants had a positive attitude of Indonesian identity with a positive reception of the importance of the English language. English is significant not only as an international language but also considered as an important language along with Indonesian language in education and profession. This study is a part of a major research project written by a team of researchers from Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta Indonesia. The first article investigated relationship the students language attitudes, gender and socio-economic status (ParadewariMbato, 2018). The second article looks into language attitudes and language orientation (Kharismawan Mbato, in press). A similarity will be found across the three articles in terms of data on students language attitudes.DOI: doi.org/10.24071/llt.2018.Suppl2107
STUDENTS OF ENGLISH IN ALGERIAN UNIVERSITY AND THEIR PERSPECTIVES OF EMPLOYABILITY AFTER GRADUATION
Authors: Belaid Louiza , Sarnou Hanane
Published: April 2022

Success at university requires achieving a high degree; however, after university, it is perceived through the achievement of financial satisfaction. This investigative work examines the students perspectives of their professional careers after graduation from university. Our objective is to see the extent to which students are prepared to insert in the professional life. A questionnaire is used as an instrument in this enquiry to fifty five students at the University of Ibn Khaldoun- Tiaret. The results reveal that students are not fully qualified to take part in the state service and they fear unemployment due to the lack of job opportunities, the latter is believed to be caused by the large number of university graduates. For this, reviewing the admission of students at university is compulsory, that is to say, reducing the number of bachelors by accepting only competent learners and then providing a job opportunity for each graduate respectively on the basis of their potential.DOI:doi.org/10.24071/llt.2019.220101
CONTENT INSTRUCTOR AS SURROGATE ESL TEACHER: A SURVEY ON PERCEPTION, KNOWLEDGE AND WILLINGNESS
Authors: Abdullah Ahmad Nazri
Published: April 2022

In a normal university curriculum, students have to fulfil a minimum of 120 credit hours before they can graduate with a bachelors degree; of these, about 6 to 9 credit hours are usually reserved for ESL classes where students are taught the necessary language skills for use within the academic ambience or for future communication in the workplace. The amount of time reserved for language instruction might not be enough to really prepare students for the rigor of real-life academic and workplace demands. It is felt that the huge amount of time utilized for content-based subjects might serve as a valuable platform for language acquisition to take place if content instructors have the necessary language skills and if they can be made to view their role as surrogate ESL instructors. This paper sets out to gauge content instructors perception of their mastery of English, the role they can play as surrogate ESL instructors and their willingness to do so. A total of 24 content instructors from a technical university were selected as participants to provide the necessary information. Results indicate that most of the respondents perceived themselves as not apt to act as surrogate ESP instructors due to shortcomings in their language proficiency.DOI:doi.org/10.24071/llt.2019.220103
EVALUATING SAUDI EFL SECONDARY SCHOOLS STUDENTS' PERFORMANCE ON PAUL NATION'S STANDARDIZED VOCABULARY LEVEL TESTS
Authors: Alhaj Ali Albashir Mohammed , Alwadai Mesfer Ahmed Mesfer , Albuhairi Mohammed Hamed
Published: April 2022

The current study aims to evaluate Saudi EFL Secondary School students' performance on Paul Nation's Standardized vocabulary level tests. It also aims to examine the vocabulary size of EFL Saudi Secondary School students at Asir district. Two tools were used for collecting data. The first one was Paul Nation's Vocabulary Levels Test (VLT). The second tool was a questionnaire (TVLSQ) with 13 items. The purposive sample consisted of (80) students besides (20) English teachers. The study sample was selected from Abha secondary schools schools/Saudi Arabia. The study came out with the following results: Saudi EFL Secondary school students' vocabulary size word test falls within 1,000 frequency level, indicating that students are unable to gasp an average text. Saudi EFL Secondary School student who obtained higher marks in 1,000 word level also obtained higher marks in 2,000 word level and vice versa. These results confirmed the high correlation between the two tests which hits 0.76. Moreover, in Paul Nation's Vocabulary Levels Test (VLT) the more words Saudi EFL Secondary school student knows, the better score his/her four skills. To most secondary school teachers as well as students, English grammar is the main focus on their teaching and learning, not the vocabulary.DOI:doi.org/10.24071/llt.2019.220112
EFL TEACHERS� ATTITUDES ON GENDER DIFFERENCES IN SCHOOL ACHIEVEMENTS
Authors: Belaid Louiza , Sarnou Hanane
Published: April 2022

This work assesses the perspectives of teachers on pupils classroom performance in a foreign language. Its objectives target to discover the challenges that educators face in teaching English. English is a foreign language that teachers encounter difficulties to teach especially to a population whereby their linguistic background does not help in using the language properly. In this prospect, our research questions search for the obstacles that hinder the teachers of English from receiving a positive feedback from their pupils performance. As a research tool, a questionnaire is handed to forty six teachers in Tissemsilt-Algeria. The results exhibit weaknesses in dealing with pupils especially in using the language in an oral or a written task, besides the violent behaviour of males in the classroom which represents a hindrance for educators to manage the classroom, communicate and teach effectively.DOI: 10.24071/llt.2019.220203
LANGUAGE ATTITUDES AND IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION OF TRILINGUAL LEARNERS IN A RURAL SCHOOL IN THE PHILIPPINES
Authors: Esteron Jerico Juan
Published: April 2022

Since its implementation in 2012, the Philippines mother tongue-based multilingual education (MTB-MLE) program has already generated issues that point to the seemingly inadequate preparation of the education bureau when it comes to teacher training and instructional materials production. However, one concern that is seldom mentioned in the literature is the learners attitude toward the languages they learn in the process. This is crucial because this attitude could reveal their learning motivations and formation of linguistic and sociocultural identity. Informed by the notion of language attitudes and construction of identity, this study explores the perception of trilingual children on their mother tongue and second languagesIlocano, Filipino, and English, vis--vis their identity construction. Results show that most of the learners hold a positive attitude toward the three languages. However, the identified negative attitudes of some learners as regards these languages may cause pedagogical concerns linking to language teaching and the discourse of culture, nationalism, and globalization.DOI: doi.org/10.24071/llt.2020.230107
LANGUAGE AWARENESS: LANGUAGE USE AND REASONS FOR CODE-SWITCHING
Authors: Astuti Cresensiana Widi
Published: April 2022

The co-existence of languages in a speech community prompts language users to do code-switching in communication. They do it for certain reasons. This paper is to report language awareness among language users and the reasons why people do code-switching in their speech communities. Using an open-ended questionnaire, this research involved 50 participants. They were asked to identify the languages they had in their repertoire, the language they used when they communicate with certain people, and the reasons why they did code-switching in communication. The results showed that, first, the participants had awareness of languages in their repertoire, namely Indonesian, a local language, and English. Second, they admitted that they did code-switching in communication. Thirdly, the reasons for code-switching were to discuss a particular topic, to signal a change of dimension, to signal group membership, and to show affective functions.DOI: doi.org/10.24071/llt.2020.230109
ENGLISH TEACHING IN SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXTS: LANGUAGE TEACHERS AS CULTURAL MANAGERS
Authors: Suryani Adi , Soedarso Soedarso , Diani Kurnia Tri , Rosmawati Rosmawati
Published: April 2022

Teaching English language can be dilemmatic since English teachers should introduce foreign culture and sustain their own students culture. Todays students are the future leaders. Thus, it is vital for the English teachers to introduce global culture and local-national culture. This study aims to explore our own experiences at school and higher education levels, in managing culture in our EFL practices: which cultural elements should be sustained, how, why and what the challenges are. The data are collected from our experience-based reflection. The study indicates that English language teachers play a meta-role as cultural managers. They are selecting, infusing, inventing ways to teach culture through various approaches: materials, social interaction, classroom routines and artefacts. However, this process can be impeded by the disruptive technology, students, teachers own and organizational factors. Thus, this cultural managing role is influenced by organization, technology, learners adaptation process and teachers own cultural awareness and understanding.
SYNTACTIC STRUCTURE OF ADJECTIVE, ADVERB AND PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES OF AWGNI
Authors: Agajie Berhanu Asaye
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study is to agree to a logical inspection of syntactic structures of Awgni Adjective, Adverb and Preposition Phrases. The article attempts descriptive research design. Through purposive sampling, 12 texts were selected. Six informants (tree females and three males) were involved in group discussion to crosscheck these data. The scheme of data analysis employed in this study was x-bar syntax. Results indicated that Awgni Adjective, Adverb and Preposition Phrases were pending in a variety of head, complement, specifier and adjunct utterances. The Selections of complement, adjunct, and specifier in between phrases were to some extent syntactically similar. The study showed that syntactic structures have dominance, and precedence relationships. Finally, the study recommended a further research on some basic properties of Awgni labeling algorisms.
EFL TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS AND INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICE OF PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN SELECTED ETHIOPIAN UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Mekie Mulualem Eshete
Published: April 2022

This paper intended to assess EFL Teachers’ Perceptions and Institutional Management Practice of Professional Development in Ethiopian Universities. This research utilized a qualitative research design. Furthermore, the researcher used purposeful sampling, therefore, applied a semi-interview to the participants and was purposively selected to see how the participants were verbalized their perceptions and experiences of professional development. As a method of data analysis thematic analysis process included transcribing, translating, reading, coding, themes construction, and analysis. The findings indicated first; participants have a diverse understanding of professional development. Second, EFL teachers have a good perception of professional development. Third, teachers didn’t have direct participation in program designing processes individually and institutional level. Fourth, participants have a common understanding of the characteristics of an effective professional development program. Additionally, participants have a common understanding of the focus area of the ELT professional development program. This study recommended that the government and stakeholders consider the problem on the ground and the program should be content-specific. The management practices of professional development have to be assessed, followed, and supervised by the responsible organs which are assigned to facilitate and control the implementation. Finally, the program needs to be on the needs assessment, and important gaps should be identified.