bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surrogate Model for In-Medium Similarity Renormalization Group Method Using Dynamic Mode Decomposition
Authors: Yoshida Sota
Published: February 2025

I propose a data-driven surrogate model for the In-Medium Similarity Renormalization Group (IMSRG) method using Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD). First, the Magnus formulation of the IMSRG is leveraged to represent the unitary transformation of many-body operators of interest. Then, snapshots of these operators at different flow parameters are decomposed by DMD to approximate the IMSRG flow in a latent space. The resulting emulator accurately reproduces the asymptotic flow behavior while lowering computational costs. I demonstrate that the DMD-based emulator results in a three to five times speedup compared to the full IMSRG calculation in a few test cases based on the ground state properties of 56Ni, 16O, and 40Ca in realistic nuclear interactions. While this is still not an acceleration that is significant enough to enable us to fully quantify, e.g., statistical uncertainties using Bayesian methods, this work offers a starting point for constructing efficient surrogate models for the IMSRG.
The Pathogenomics of the Respiratory Mycoplasma bovis Strains Circulating in Cattle Around the Texas Panhandle, USA
Authors: Dudley Ethan P. , Scott Matthew A. , Kittana Hatem , Thompson Alexis C. , Valeris-Chacin Robert
Published: February 2025

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a major economic and animal welfare issue in the beef industry. Mycoplasma bovis is one of the main causal organisms, particularly in chronic cases. Due to the difficulty of isolating M. bovis from clinical isolates, there is a lack of information on the genetic diversity of this pathogen in the Texas panhandle region of the United States. Therefore, our objective was to provide genome-level characterization of M. bovis isolated from the lung lesions of beef and dairy cattle in the Texas panhandle. Fifty-four isolates displaying mycoplasma-like growth were recovered from bovine lung lesions by the Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory in 2021 and 2022. Of these isolates, 32 were determined to be M. bovis via species-specific qPCR using the uvrC gene. Long-read whole-genome sequencing was used to identify key virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance genes, and to assess the genetic diversity of these isolates. Fisher’s exact tests were used to identify associations between isolate characteristics and host metadata, including the state of origin, type of operation, animal age, and animal sex. Our results indicate that there is considerable genetic diversity among the M. bovis isolates, despite their shared geography in the Texas panhandle, though significant clustering based on host metadata was observed. Analysis of the pangenome showed that the M. bovis isolates in this study also harbor a diverse array of virulence genes, but no antimicrobial resistance genes were identified in this study.
Flavonoids and Flavonoid-Based Nanopharmaceuticals as Promising Therapeutic Strategies for Colorectal Cancer—An Updated Literature Review
Authors: Smeu Andreea , Marcovici Iasmina , Dehelean Cristina Adriana , Dumitrel Stefania-Irina , Borza Claudia , Lighezan Rodica
Published: February 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents one of the most serious health issues and the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. However, the treatment options for CRC are associated with adverse reactions, and in some cases, resistance can develop. Flavonoids have emerged as promising alternatives for CRC prevention and therapy due to their multitude of biological properties and ability to target distinct processes involved in CRC pathogenesis. Their innate disadvantageous properties (e.g., low solubility and stability, reduced bioavailability, and lack of tumor specificity) have delayed the potential inclusion of flavonoids in CRC treatment regimens but have hastened the design of nanopharmaceuticals comprising a flavonoid agent entrapped in a nanosized delivery platform that not only counteract these inconveniences but also provide an augmented therapeutic effect and an elevated safety profile by conferring a targeted action. Starting with a brief presentation of the pathological features of CRC and an overview of flavonoid classes, the present study comprehensively reviews the anti-CRC activity of different flavonoids from a mechanistic perspective while also portraying the latest discoveries made in the area of flavonoid-containing nanocarriers that have proved efficient in CRC management. This review concludes by showcasing future perspectives for the advancement of flavonoids and flavonoid-based nanopharmaceuticals in CRC research.
Cancer Vaccines and Beyond: The Transformative Role of Nanotechnology in Immunotherapy
Authors: Delgado-Almenta Violeta , Blaya-Cánovas Jose L. , Calahorra Jesús , López-Tejada Araceli , Griñán-Lisón Carmen , Granados-Principal Sergio
Published: February 2025

Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally, responsible for approximately 10 million deaths in 2022 and an estimated 21 million new cases in 2024. Traditional cancer treatments such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy often present limitations in efficacy and side effects. However, immunotherapeutic vaccines have emerged as a promising approach, leveraging the body’s immune system to target and eliminate cancer cells. This review examines the evolving landscape of cancer vaccines, differentiating between preventive and therapeutic strategies and highlighting the significance of tumor-specific antigens, including tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and neoantigens. Recent advancements in vaccine technology, particularly through nanotechnology, have resulted in the development of nanovaccines, which enhance antigen stability, optimize delivery to immune cells, and promote robust immune responses. Notably, clinical data indicate that patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors can achieve overall survival rates of approximately 34.8 months compared to just 15.7 months for traditional therapies. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, such as the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and tumor heterogeneity. Emerging evidence suggests that combining nanovaccines with immunomodulators may enhance therapeutic efficacy by overcoming these obstacles. Continued research and interdisciplinary collaboration will be essential to fully exploit the promise of nanovaccines, ultimately leading to more effective and accessible treatments for cancer patients. The future of cancer immunotherapy appears increasingly hopeful as these innovative strategies pave the way for enhanced patient outcomes and an improved quality of life in oncology.
Effect of Optical Aberrations on Laser Transmission Performance in Maritime Atmosphere Turbulence
Authors: Peng Jiabao , Li Yaqian , Wang Zhangjun , Chen Chao , Zhu Tao
Published: February 2025

Focusing on the three critical factors influencing laser communication systems operating in marine environments: atmospheric turbulence disturbances, atmospheric attenuation, and optical aberration effects, in this paper, we employ numerical simulation methods to systematically investigate the influence of four typical Zernike aberrations (defocus, y-coma, spherical aberration, and y-secondary quadrupole) on laser atmospheric transmission characteristics and system bit error rates. A comparison of their atmospheric transmission performance with that of the aberration-free state is also presented. The results show that reducing turbulence strength or increasing receiver aperture radius can effectively mitigate the scintillation effect of intensity fluctuations. Among the four typical aberrations, the fluctuation range of the relative change rate of the scintillation index for y-coma aberration relative to the aberration-free state is the largest. In weak turbulence and short-distance laser transmission over the sea, the beam drift caused by these four aberrations is not significant, and stronger turbulence strength or higher weight coefficients lead to more severe beam expansion. The on-axis logarithmic intensity probability density distribution of laser beams with different aberrations approximately follows a log-normal distribution. The skewness (S) and kurtosis (K) of the logarithmic intensity distribution are negatively correlated and always satisfy S < 0 and K > 0. Additionally, we found that as turbulence strength increases, turbulence effects significantly raise the required signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values to achieve a bit error rate of 10−9. When turbulence strength reaches a certain level, the impact weights of different aberrations on system performance may undergo changes. These results can provide theoretical references for the design and optimization of laser system parameters in marine laser communication.
Theoretical Comparative Study on the Efficiency of High-Power Long-Distance Laser Power Transmission for Flight Systems
Authors: Liu Songyang , Xu Wenning , Tan Rongqing , Ning Fangjin , Li Zhiyong
Published: February 2025

Wireless power transmission has become a research hotspot in the field of energy transmission, in which laser power transmission is one of the best methods for long-distance wireless transmission. Since laser has the advantages of high directivity, high energy density and no electromagnetic interference, laser power transmission technology can be applied to the energy supply of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), micro-vehicles, airships and other flight systems. Long-distance laser power transmission can enable high-altitude flight systems to operate continuously without the need to return to the base station for charging, im-proving their operational efficiency. Therefore, high-altitude flight systems have a demand for laser power transmission. However, the commonly used lasers in laser power transmission are semiconductor lasers and fiber lasers, which are only suitable for short-distance transmission of about 1 km. In this paper, taking high-flying UAVs as an example, the transmission efficiency of different lasers used for laser power transmission is analyzed theoretically, and the results show that the diode pumped alkali vapor laser (DPAL) has a high transmission efficiency in high-power long-distance laser power transmission. The transmission efficiency of rubidium lasers which is 1.5 to 4 times that of other lasers can reach 21.94%, which illustrates that DPAL is expected to become a new type of laser source in laser power transmission technology.
Simulation Study of Wellbore Three-Phase Flow After Gas Invasion in Large-Displacement Wells Drilled in Seabed Hydrates
Authors: Li Bin , Di Jianwei , Wu Xiaodong , Gong Wenhao , Wang Jinxing , Deng Song , Li Chaowei
Published: February 2025

During the drilling of natural gas hydrate reservoirs, gas invasion may occur, which has an adverse impact on the upward return process of cuttings and the control of bottom-hole pressure. A multiphase fluid CFD simulation method based on the Eulerian model was optimized. With the help of Fluent 23R1 software, simulations of the three-phase flow of drilling fluid–cuttings–invaded gas in the vertical section, build-up section, and horizontal section of the complex annulus multiphase flow in the hydrate drilling wellbore based on particle dynamics were carried out. The characteristics of multiphase flow in the wellbore after gas invasion were revealed, and the impacts of gas invasion on the deposition and migration of cuttings and the control of bottom-hole pressure were analyzed. The research shows that after gas invades the wellbore, it has little impact on the upward return of cuttings in the build-up section. However, in the vertical and horizontal sections, with the increase in the flow rate of the invaded gas, the slip and upward return of cuttings are promoted. The gas invasion velocity has a more significant impact on the cutting migration in different well sections compared to the gas invasion volume fraction. A faster invasion velocity accelerates the upward return of cuttings in the wellbore annulus. When gas invasion occurs, it has little impact on the pressure in the build-up section, decreases the pressure gradient in the vertical section, and increases the pressure gradient in the horizontal section. At the same time, there is a high linear correlation between the pressure gradient in each well section and the density of water-based drilling fluid. By reasonably controlling the density of drilling fluid according to the gas volume fraction detected at the wellhead, the aggravation of gas invasion can be significantly prevented. The research methods and calculation results are helpful in providing a reference for the subsequent drilling process of hydrate reservoirs.
A Two-Stage Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm for the Dual-Resource Constrained Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problem with Variable Sublots
Authors: Huang Zekun , Guo Shunsheng , Zhang Jinbo , Bao Guangqiang , Yang Jinshan , Wang Lei
Published: February 2025

The dual-resource constrained flexible job shop scheduling problem with variable sublots (DRCFJSP-VS) can be decomposed into four subproblems: the sublot splitting subproblem, the sublot sequencing subproblem, the machine assignment subproblem, and the worker assignment subproblem, which are difficult to solve efficiently using conventional methods. The introduction of variable-size batch splitting and the constraints of multiple levels and skills of workers further increase the complexity of the problem, making it difficult to solve efficiently using conventional methods. This paper proposes a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model to solve this complex problem and introduces a two-stage multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (TSMOEA). In the first stage of the algorithm, an improved multi-objective discrete difference evolutionary algorithm is used to optimize the dual-resource constrained flexible job shop scheduling problem; in the second stage, an adaptive simulated annealing algorithm is used to search for variable-size batch splitting strategies. To validate the feasibility of the model, the solution results are obtained using the CPLEX solver and compared with the results of TSMOEA. The performance of TSMOEA is compared with NSGA-II, PSO, DGWO, and WOA on improved instances. The results show that TSMOEA outperforms the other algorithms in both IGD and HV metrics, demonstrating its superior solution quality and robustness.
Reshaping Gendered Boundaries: Buddhist Women’s Monastic Experience in Korean Buddhism
Authors: Park Jeongeun
Published: February 2025

During the Chosŏn period (1392–1910) and the colonial period (1910–1945), in Korean Buddhism, Buddhist monks’ and nuns’ monastic experiences were influenced not only by the existing social norms but also by the androcentric monastic regulations, such as the eight “heavy rules”. Despite the androcentric monastic rules and misogynist aspects of practice, Buddhist nuns invariably strived to increase their visibility in monastic communities and secure their position by adopting the existing social norms or customary law; in this way, they challenged male-centered monasticism. To examine Korean Buddhist nuns in the Chosŏn and the colonial periods, this study used secondary scholarship as well as primary sources, such as the story of Queen Chŏngsun, a colonial government document, and a related civil case, to present the various ways in which Buddhist nuns consolidated their position, including coopting the practice of property succession from a master-nun to a disciple-nun and receiving official recognition of the abbess position from the colonial government.
Resource Allocation and Interference Coordination Strategies in Heterogeneous Dual-Layer Satellite Networks
Authors: Li Jinhong , Chai Rong , Zhou Tianyi , Liang Chengchao
Published: February 2025

In the face of rapidly evolving communication technologies and increasing user demands, traditional terrestrial networks are challenged by the need for high-quality, high-speed, and reliable communication. This paper explores the integration of heterogeneous satellite networks (HSN) with emerging technologies such as Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), in-network caching, and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) to enhance service efficiency. By leveraging dual-layer satellite networks combining Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites, the study addresses resource allocation and interference coordination challenges. This paper proposes a novel resource allocation and interference coordination strategy for dual-layer satellite networks integrating LEO and GEO satellites. We formulate a mathematical optimization problem to optimize resource allocation while minimizing co-channel interference and develop an ADMM-based distributed algorithm for efficient problem-solving. The proposed scheme enhances service efficiency by incorporating MEC, in-network caching, and SDN technologies into the satellite network. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm significantly improves network performance by effectively managing resources and reducing interference.
Printed Two-Dimensional Materials for Flexible Photodetectors: Materials, Processes, and Applications
Authors: Kong Lingxian , Wang Shijie , Su Qi , Liu Zhiyong , Liao Guanglan , Sun Bo , Shi Tielin
Published: February 2025

With the rapid development of micro-nano technology and wearable devices, flexible photodetectors (PDs) have drawn widespread interest in areas such as healthcare, consumer electronics, and intelligence interfaces. Two-dimensional (2D) materials with layered structures have excellent optoelectronic properties and mechanical flexibility, which attract a great deal of attention in flexible applications. Although photodetectors based on mechanically exfoliated 2D materials have demonstrated superior performance compared to traditional Si-based PDs, large-scale manufacturing and flexible integration remain significant challenges for achieving industrial production. The emerging various printing technology provides a low-cost and highly effective method for integrated manufacturing. In this review, we comprehensively introduce the most recent progress on printed flexible 2D material PDs. We first reviewed the most recent research on flexible photodetectors, in which the discussion is focused on substrate materials, functional materials, and performance figures of merits. Furthermore, the solution processing for 2D materials coupled with printing functional film strategies to produce PDs are summarized. Subsequently, the various applications of flexible PDs, such as image sensors, healthcare, and wearable electronics, are also summarized. Finally, we point out the potential challenges of the printed flexible 2D material PDs and expect this work to inspire the development of flexible PDs and promote the mass manufacturing process.
An Improved UWB Indoor Positioning Approach for UAVs Based on the Dual-Anchor Model
Authors: Xiang Zhengrong , Chen Lei , Wu Qiqi , Yang Jianfeng , Dai Xisheng , Xie Xianming
Published: February 2025

Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology has been widely used for indoor positioning of UAVs due to its excellent range performance. The traditional UWB positioning system requires at least three anchors to complete 3D positioning. Reducing the number of anchors further means reducing the cost and difficulty of deployment. Therefore, this paper proposes a positioning model using only two anchors. In this model, the altitude of the UAV is measured by a rangefinder. Then, the position of the UAV is projected onto the horizontal plane, converting 3D positioning into 2D positioning. The rangefinder’s range accuracy is higher than that of the UWB, which is beneficial for improving 3D positioning accuracy. In addition, an altitude fusion method of integrating rangefinder and barometer data is designed to realize the switching of altitude data and barometer calibration to solve the problem of obstacles under the UAV affecting the altitude measurement. On this basis, the multi-sensor data fusion algorithm based on a dual-anchor positioning model is designed to improve positioning accuracy, and the data of the UWB, rangefinder, barometer, and accelerometer are fused by the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) algorithm. The positioning simulation and experiment show that the positioning accuracy of the dual-anchor model is generally higher than that of the three-anchor model, with decimeter-level positioning accuracy.
An Unbiased Convex Estimator Depending on Prior Information for the Classical Linear Regression Model
Authors: Alheety Mustafa I. , Nayem HM , Kibria B. M. Golam
Published: February 2025

We propose an unbiased restricted estimator that leverages prior information to enhance estimation efficiency for the linear regression model. The statistical properties of the proposed estimator are rigorously examined, highlighting its superiority over several existing methods. A simulation study is conducted to evaluate the performance of the estimators, and real-world data on total national research and development expenditures by country are analyzed to illustrate the findings. Both the simulation results and real-data analysis demonstrate that the proposed estimator consistently outperforms the alternatives considered in this study.
Limits of Agreement Based on Transformed Measurements
Authors: Parner Erik Thorlund
Published: February 2025

Method comparison studies are typically analyzed using limits of agreement (LoAs). The standard Bland–Altman approach estimates LoAs under the assumption that the differences between methods follow a normal distribution. However, many types of measurements, such as volume, concentration, and percentage values, often deviate from normality. This study explores LoAs for the difference between two clinical measurements and prediction intervals for one measurement given the other, using a transformation of the data. After back-transforming, the resulting LoA for the original measurements depends on the subject level, represented by the average of the measurements. A simulation study evaluates the statistical properties of these LoAs and their confidence limits, demonstrating strong performance for small-to-medium sample sizes. LoA derived from transformed measurements are also compared with those obtained using a regression-based method proposed by Bland and Altman. Two applications demonstrate the approach using logarithmic and cube root transformations. This transformation-based method offers a straightforward way to obtain LoAs that depends on the subject level.
How Does Environmental Cognition Promote Low-Carbon Travel Intentions? The Mediating Role of Green Perceived Value and the Moderating Role of Electronic Word-of-Mouth
Authors: Chang I-Hsiung , Hsiao Yueh-Chih
Published: February 2025

Most studies suggest that individuals’ environmental cognition can positively predict their eco-friendly behaviors; however, the process through which environmental cognition influences the intention to engage in low-carbon tourism has yet to be fully explored. Additionally, while electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) is a key factor influencing behavioral decisions, its moderating role in the context of low-carbon tourism remains under-researched. Drawing on the Cognitive-Affective-Conative (CAC) theoretical framework, this study investigates the impact of environmental cognition on green perceived value and low-carbon tourism intention, while also examining the moderating effect of eWOM. Data were collected from 457 participants in Taiwan via a structured questionnaire survey. The results show that environmental cognition has a significant positive impact on green perceived value but no direct effect on low-carbon tourism intention while green perceived value has a significant positive impact on low-carbon tourism intention and fully mediates the relationship between environmental cognition and low-carbon tourism intention. Furthermore, the study finds that eWOM moderates the relationship between environmental cognition and green perceived value, with eWOM strengthening the effect of environmental cognition on green perceived value. These findings suggest that enhancing environmental cognition, reinforcing green perceived value, and effectively leveraging eWOM can foster positive attitudes and willingness to engage in low-carbon tourism. The results provide practical implications for tourism operators in developing strategies to promote low-carbon tourism.
Application Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Horticultural Production
Authors: Kowalska Beata , Wrzodak Anna
Published: February 2025

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are found on the surface of some plants, forming their natural microbiome, and are especially common in fermented plant products. They are microorganisms capable of performing lactic fermentation, during which they utilize carbohydrates and produce lactic acid. They are considered probiotic microorganisms. LAB are characterized by strong antagonistic activity against other microorganisms. The mechanism of action of these bacteria is mainly based on the production of substances with strong antimicrobial activity. Some strains of LAB also inhibit the secretion of mycotoxins by mold fungi or have the ability to eliminate them from the environment. With the changing climate and the need for plants to adapt to new, often stressful climatic conditions, the use of LAB in crops may offer a promising solution. These bacteria stimulate plant resistance to abiotic factors, i.e., drought and extreme temperatures. Research has also shown the ability of LAB to extend the storage life of fruits and vegetables. These bacteria reduce the number of unfavorable microorganisms that contaminate plant products and cause their spoilage. They also have a negative effect on human pathogenic bacteria, which can contaminate plant products and cause food poisoning in humans. When applied as an edible coating on leaves or fruits, LAB protect vegetables and fruits from microbial contamination; moreover, these vegetables and fruits can be served as carriers of probiotic bacteria that benefit human health. The presented properties of LAB predispose them to practical use, especially as components of biological plant protection products, growth biostimulants, and microbial fertilizer products. They have great potential to replace some agrochemicals and can be used as a safe component of biofertilizers and plant protection formulations for increasing plant resilience, crop productivity, and quality. The use of LAB is in line with the aims and objectives of sustainable horticulture. However, there are some limitations and gaps which should be considered before application, particularly regarding efficient and effective formulations and transfer of antibiotic resistance.
Comparison and Design of Dry-Stack Blocks with High Thermal Resistance for Exterior Walls of Sustainable Buildings in Cold Climates
Authors: Mohammadi Marzieh , Atsbha Tesfaalem Gereziher , Chen Yuxiang
Published: February 2025

Given the increasing demand for higher construction productivity and better thermal resistance, adopting innovative building envelope systems is crucial. Dry-stack masonry blocks have emerged as a viable solution, due to their rapid assembly, mortar-free construction, and reduced dependence on skilled labor. However, there is a lack of scientific evaluation on the thermal performance of dry-stack blocks for cold climate zones and corresponding proper designs. This study addresses this gap by investigating market-available blocks and proposing two innovative block designs—a composite block and a simple block—highlighting their thermal performance and associated challenges. Using finite element modelling, the thermal resistance of these blocks was carefully assessed and compared. The results show that thermal bridging, induced by masonry ties penetrating the insulation, significantly impacts the thermal resistance of the wall made with simple blocks, resulting in an 11% decrease in the effective thermal resistance (R-value) as compared to the composite block walls. Furthermore, compared to a conventional masonry wall with the same insulation thickness, the composite-block wall exhibits a 24% higher R-value. The composite block outperforms existing market options in terms of thermal resistance, making it a superior choice for cold climate regions. Conversely, the simple block is preferred when sophisticated manufacturing facilities are unavailable. Overall, the composite block wall’s improved thermal resistance can make a meaningful contribution to lowering operational energy demand (i.e., operational carbon), contributing to the shift to a sustainable building stock.
Response of Soil Chemical and Biological Properties to Cement Dust Emissions: Insights for Sustainable Soil Management
Authors: Bilen Serdar , Bilen Murat , Ozgul Mudahir , Ozlu Ekrem , Simsek Ugur
Published: February 2025

Land use change is associated with both higher fossil fuel usage and global cement production, significantly impacting environmental sustainability. Cement dust emission is the third-largest source of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, right behind fossil fuel usage due to intense agricultural practices like aggressive tillage management. This study’s aim is to determine cement dust emissions impacts on various tillage management methods and the formation of cement dust-affected CO2 emissions, soil pH, soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content, available phosphorus, CaCO3 content, bacteria and fungi populations, and enzyme activities. The target of this study is to evaluate how cement dust emissions impact the soil properties and sustainability of different tillage practices. Composite soils from wheat–sugar beet (potato)–fallow cropping sequences under conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) management were collected (0–30 cm depth) with three replications at varying distances from a cement factory (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 km). To find differences among individual treatments and distances, a two-way ANOVA was employed along with Duncan’s LSD test comparing the various effects of tillage techniques. The associations between soil chemical and biological properties and CO2 fluxes under the impact of cement dust were examined using Pearson’s correlation analysis. There were notable relationships between soil microbial population, enzyme activities, pH, CaCO3, and CO2 fluxes. The sampling distance from the cement plant had a substantial correlation with soil organic carbon, urease activity, pH, CaCO3, and bacterial populations. According to the study, different tillage methods (CT and NT) affected the diversity and abundance of microorganisms within the soil ecosystem. CT was more beneficial for the microbial population and for sustainable management.
Energy, Exergy Analysis and Sustainability Assessment of a Thermal Power Plant Operating in Various Environmental Conditions Using Real Operational Data
Authors: Gungor Celik Aysegul , Aydemir Umut
Published: February 2025

It is well known that fossil fuels, especially coal, are still intensively used when considering the distribution of the main energy demand for electricity generation. Efforts to increase and optimise the efficiency of energy production are accelerating as global demand for energy continues to rise. In meeting the world’s energy needs, thermal power plants have an essential role to play. However, it remains an ongoing concern to improve their performance and sustainability. In this study, based on real operating data at varying ambient temperatures, an exergy analysis and an exergy-based sustainability assessment of a 210 MW coal-fired thermal power plant in Turkey are presented. The results of the energy analysis show that 59.01% of the total energy destruction belongs to the boiler and 12.29% to the intermediate-pressure turbine. This means that these are the main components for energy analysis. According to the obtained results of the exergy analysis, the boiler is the main constituent with the maximum exergy destruction, with a rate of 71.00% among the other constituents at the reference temperature of 25 °C. In addition, the relative irreversibility values were calculated as 79.43% in the boiler, 5.42% in the intermediate-pressure turbine (IPT), and 4.22% in the low-pressure turbine (LPT). These are the components that cause the most intensive irreversibility among the other plant components. Moreover, the component that had the greatest exergy efficiency was the ejector, at 98.62%, followed by the high-pressure heater (HPH-3) at 96.00%, the low-pressure heater (LPH-2) at 88.16%, and the high-pressure turbine (HPT) at 86.12%. The sustainability efficiency indicator (SEI) and the exergetic ecological index (ECEI) for the thermal power plant were 2.50 and 0.245, respectively, according to the exergy-based sustainability indices. The boiler, the turbine group, and the condenser are especially significant for increasing plant efficiency due to their high potential for improvement.
Land Use and Land Cover Change and Its Impact on Carbon Stock in the Yellow River Delta Wetland Ecosystem of China
Authors: Chen Hongxu , Cao Jianrong , Ji Zhonglin , Liu Yanjun
Published: February 2025

Land use/land cover (LULC) change has greatly altered ecosystem carbon storage capacity and may eventually profoundly impact global climate change. Characterizing the LULC change and its impact on wetland ecosystem carbon stock provides useful data and insights that can guide decision-making procedures aimed at achieving sustainable development objectives. The Yellow River Delta (YRD) represents the most intact coastal wetland and is considered to be the most recent wetland ecosystem in China. It exhibits significant carbon stock capacity and ecological value. Based on the LULC data of the YRD in 2002, 2007, 2012, 2017, and 2022, this paper quantitatively evaluates the spatiotemporal changes in LULC and carbon stock in the region and analyzes the response characteristics of carbon stock to LULC change. The results show significant reductions in cropland and tidal flat wetland areas from 2002 to 2022, resulting in a decrease of 1,428,735.77 t and an increase of 139,856.58 t in carbon stock, respectively. The built-up land area expanded considerably, and carbon stock was lost by 1,467,915.82 t. Spatially, the carbon stock exhibited a pattern of “low along the coast, high inland; low in the center, high around the periphery”. In addition, protecting cropland, reducing building, facilitating the conversion of reservoirs and ponds to forest, and transforming tidal flat wetlands into reservoirs and ponds can increase the region’s carbon storage capacity. These findings provide valuable insights for regional carbon management strategies and ecological protection policies, supporting the sustainable development goals of the Yellow River Delta.
Intersecting Landscapes of Exclusion: Mothers’ Perceptions and Spatial Tactics in the Public Spaces of Amman Downtown
Authors: Akmeel Lama , Abu-Shamah Hebah , Ahmad Haneen , Hu Yike , Zhang Yazhuo
Published: February 2025

Mothers in Amman Downtown frequently report feeling unsafe and excluded from public spaces. This study explores the impact of multiple layers of oppression, coupled with inadequate public spaces, on mothers’ perceptions. Using an intersectional lens, we examine how various identities intersect to shape the experiences and perspectives of motherhood in urban environments, helping us better understand the challenges faced by marginalized groups in public spaces. Ethnographic methods, including semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), and field observations, were employed. The research highlights how the absence of care-supportive environments forces mothers to develop spatial tactics, such as cutting their trips short and returning home, seeking permission from shop owners to use private restrooms, or using their cars as temporary caregiving spaces, as a response to their exclusion. The findings offer deeper insights into the experiences of mothers, highlighting the need to address their specific needs and preferences in the design and management of public spaces. This study emphasizes the importance of fostering social and gender equity through interventions tailored to the diverse needs of mothers, with a particular focus on creating sustainable, care-supportive environments in public spaces.
Research on Methane-Rich Biogas Production Technology by Anaerobic Digestion Under Carbon Neutrality: A Review
Authors: Qian Shiqing , Chen Luming , Xu Sunqiang , Zeng Cai , Lian Xueqi , Xia Zitong , Zou Jintuo
Published: February 2025

Amid the pressing challenge of global climate change, biogas (marsh gas) has garnered recognition as a clean and renewable energy source with significant potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and support sustainable energy production. Composed primarily of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), enhancing the CH4 content in biogas is essential for improving its quality and expanding its high-value applications. This review examines the mechanisms underlying CH4 and CO2 production in anaerobic digestion (AD) processes; investigates the effects of raw material types, process routes, and fermentation conditions on biogas production and CH4 content; and proposes feasible technical pathways for producing CH4-rich biogas. Research indicates that CH4-rich biogas can be produced through various strategies. Raw material pretreatment technologies and co-digestion strategies can enhance substrate performance, stabilize the AD process, and boost CH4 production. Process optimizations, such as multiphase AD and CH4 co-production techniques, significantly improve carbon utilization efficiency. Introducing exogenous reinforcement materials, including biochar and zero-valent iron nanoparticles, fosters microbial interactions and facilitates direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET). Furthermore, microbial regulation through genetic engineering and microbial community design presents promising prospects. By reviewing the mechanisms of gas production, influencing factors, and feasible pathways, this work aims to provide valuable insights for the technical research of AD to produce CH4-rich biogas.
E-Commerce for a Sustainable Future: Integrating Trust, Product Quality Perception, and Online-Shopping Satisfaction
Authors: Farhat Rami , Yang Qing , Ahmed Mohamed Abdelkhalek Omar , Hasan Ghaleb
Published: February 2025

Although the e-commerce market is expanding rapidly, e-commerce platforms still capture only a small portion of the overall market, largely due to the limited habitual use of these platforms. This study examines the features that affect purchase intention when using an e-commerce channel. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) serves as the theoretical aspect of the analysis. A survey was conducted, and the data were examined using structural equation modeling. The findings show that both performance expectancy and social influence have a strong positive impact on users’ purchase intention on new e-commerce platforms, whereas perceived risk negatively influences purchase intention. Perceived trust mediates the relationship between performance expectancy and purchase intention, social influence and purchase intention, and perceived risk and purchase intention. Furthermore, product quality perception moderates the connection between perceived trust and purchase intentions.
Genetic Characteristics of Spatial Network Structures in Traditional Bouyei Village Architecture in Central Guizhou
Authors: Zhang Yiran , Huang Zongsheng
Published: February 2025

Traditional villages are irreplaceable cultural heritage sites, and studying their architectural spatial networks is key to preserving both the villages and their culture. This research focuses on four Bouyei villages in Central Guizhou, using social network analysis, spatial gene theory, and diversity analysis to explore their architectural spatial network characteristics. Findings include the following: (1) Zhenshan Village has the best network condition, while that or the others is average; (2) all the villages show low vulnerability Cp-1 genes; (3) Bouyei architectural networks are stable and continuous; and (4) the network is influenced by military culture, feng shui, agricultural culture, Buyi ethnic spiritual beliefs (Mo Belief Culture), topographical conditions, and modern planning interventions. The study aims to deepen the understanding of the cultural values and spatial layout characteristics of traditional villages, while preserving the cultural heritage of traditional settlements and ethnic minorities.
Tourism Product Life-Cycle, Growth, and Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Bertsatos Gerassimos , Tsounis Nicholas , Tsitouras Antonis
Published: February 2025

This study examines the relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and gross domestic product (GDP) in the tourism industry, using annual time series data from 1955 to 2019 for Greece and 1930 to 2019 for Italy. The Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) model was used to determine the threshold point at which the tourism-induced Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) emerges in each stage of tourism, as indicated by the Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) model. The existence and direction of causality between CO2 emissions, GDP, and tourist arrivals was determined using the Toda–Yamamoto Granger causality test. The analysis emphasizes the complex relationship between economic growth, environmental degradation, and the tourism industry. The EKC hypothesis is supported by empirical findings that show a strong long-term cointegration between tourist arrivals, GDP, and CO2 emissions. This suggests that, while tourism growth initially contributes to environmental degradation, it also fosters conditions for sustainable development as economies progress, providing critical insights for policy-makers seeking to promote environmentally sustainable tourism.
Approximate Adsorption Performance Indicator in Evaluating Sustainable Bamboo-Derived Adsorbents for Biogas Upgrading
Authors: Abou Alfa Khaled , Abou Saleh Nour , Beda Adrian , Matei Ghimbeu Camélia , Iragena Dushime Grace , Marias Frederic , Moynault Laurent , Platel Vincent , Hort Cecile
Published: February 2025

Purifying biogas by removing contaminants and carbon dioxide (CO2) to produce biomethane enhances its energy content, making it suitable as fuel and for injection into natural gas grids. Bamboo-derived adsorbents Bamboo-500 (pyrolyzed at 500 °C), Bamboo-700 (pyrolyzed at 700 °C), and Bamboo-A-900 (activated with CO2 at 900 °C) were synthesized and characterized to evaluate their performance for CO2 and CH4 adsorption. Increasing pyrolysis temperature from 500 °C to 700 °C and further CO2 activation at 900 °C enhanced adsorption capacities of CO2 and CH4 due to improved surface area and micropore structure. In this study, the novel Approximate Adsorption Performance Indicator (AAPI) approach is introduced, offering an efficient method for evaluating adsorbent performance, particularly in biogas upgrading. AAPI results suggest Bamboo-500 is suitable for biogas upgrading at very low pressures (<0.12 MPa) with low regeneration energy and acceptable CO2 capacity (1.9 ± 0.2 mol kg−1). However, Bamboo-A-900 excelled at medium and high pressures by its highest CO2 adsorption capacity (8.0 ± 0.3 mol kg−1) promoted by the high surface area (1220 m2g−1) and calcium oxide presence. Finally, Bamboo-A-900 shows promise for enhancing CO2 adsorption and biogas upgrading. Bamboo-derived adsorbents offer a sustainable solution for biogas upgrading, supporting Sustainable Development Goals by promoting clean energy transitions.
Rural Industry Integration in Yan’an City: Development Trends, Driving Factors, and Regional Stratification
Authors: Ren Xiaoying , Ruan Guobing , Han Yimeng , Zhang Dingding , Wei Yaqi , Feng Yongzhong
Published: February 2025

With the advancement of the rural revitalization strategy, the integration of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries has become an important approach to promoting rural economic development and agricultural modernization. Yan’an City, as a typical agricultural region in northwestern China, has made significant progress in rural industry integration in recent years, driven by policy support and technological innovation. This study, based on data from 2012 to 2021, analyzes the overall development trends, key driving factors, and regional differences in rural industry integration in Yan’an City, explores changes in economic and social benefits during the integration process, and proposes corresponding policy recommendations. The findings indicate that, under the influence of policy support, service sector development, and technological innovation, the integration of rural industries in Yan’an City has accelerated. However, regional disparities in integration levels still exist, with some remote areas facing challenges due to insufficient infrastructure and resource allocation. Therefore, the study suggests that future efforts should focus on further integrating ecological benefit indicators and exploring differentiated policies to promote the sustainable development of industrial integration. The results of this study provide practical references for industrial integration in the central and western regions, especially underdeveloped areas, and offer theoretical support for regional policy formulation and industrial development.
Efficacy of Bichat’s Buccal Fat Pad Advancement in the Treatment of Odontogenic Maxillary Sinus Fistulas
Authors: Bacci Christian , Manera Claudia , Meneghetti Davide , Dhelpra Iris , Sbricoli Luca
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Oroantral fistulas (OF) are a challenging complication in oral and maxillofacial surgery, often requiring surgical intervention to restore sinus integrity. The Bichat’s buccal fat pad (BFP) has gained attention as a viable option for OF closure. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and clinical outcomes of BFP advancement for OF treatment. Methods: This prospective study included 20 patients diagnosed with OF. The surgical procedure involved isolation and advancement of the BFP to close the defect. Patients were followed up at 7 days, 45 days, and 6 months postoperatively, with clinical and radiographic assessments. The primary outcome was successful fistula closure at 6 months, while secondary outcomes included complication rates, sinus opacification on CT scans, pain levels, and quality of life improvements. Results: The overall success rate was 85.7%, with complete fistula closure achieved in 18 out of 21 cases (including one bilateral case). Minor complications occurred in 14.3% of cases. CT scans at 6 months showed complete resolution of sinus opacification in 81% of cases. Patients reported significant improvements in pain scores and quality of life. Conclusions: BFP advancement is an effective, safe, and minimally invasive technique for OF closure, offering high success rates and favorable clinical and radiographic outcomes. These findings support the use of BFP as a reliable option for managing OF in oral and maxillofacial surgery.
Four-Module Cascaded Downsampling Filter for Phasemeter in Space Gravitational Wave Detection
Authors: Yang Peng , Yu Tao , Xue Ke , Pan Mingzhong , Long Hongyu , Wang Zhi , Zhou Jun
Published: February 2025

In space gravitational wave detection, the phase information of interfering signals is read out by a phasemeter, typically output sampling at a MHz frequency. To transmit the phase information between space and ground, it must be downsampled; however, spectral aliasing during downsampling will affect the performance of the phasemeter.This paper presents a four-module cascaded downsampling filter (FCDF) with detailed module parameter design. On-board experiments conducted in a phasemeter environment demonstrate that the FCDF achieves a passband attenuation of less than 8.68×10−6 dB and a stopband attenuation exceeding 160 dB, enabling downsampling from 80 MHz to 3.4 Hz. Additionally, the FCDF offers improved low-frequency noise suppression, which can enhance phasemeter performance.