bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Long Isothermal Holds on Hydride Dissolution and Precipitation Behavior in Zircaloy-2 and Zr-2.5Nb
Authors: Hanlon Sean M. , Skippon Travis , Muir Ian , Bickel Grant A. , Hilton Vicky
Published: December 2023

Absorbed hydrogen impacts the structural integrity of zirconium alloy components, particularly under conditions in which hydrides form. Improving the understanding of hydrogen dissolution and precipitation and hydride morphology under reactor-relevant conditions is crucial to predicting hydrogen concentration profiles, blister formation, fracture properties, and delayed hydride cracking susceptibility. Many previous studies of hydride precipitation used maximum temperatures well above the “memory effect” threshold at which nucleation sites are removed (>400°C), causing precipitation to shift to colder temperatures with an observed hysteresis of about 100°C. Laboratory studies often use short hold times at the maximum temperature (minutes), in contrast to power reactors, which operate isothermally for months between cooling cycles. When ensuring the memory effect is maintained, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results demonstrate that the hysteresis is approximately 40°C. The same hysteresis is observed when cooling with hydrides present at the maximum temperature, indicating that nucleation does not explain this hysteresis. DSC heating and cooling to a variety of reactor-relevant temperatures was performed on both hydrided Zr-2.5Nb and Zircaloy-2, where hold times ranged between 1 min and 1,000 h, followed by cooling to determine a new precipitation onset temperature. After 1,000 h at 300°C the observed hysteresis in Zr-2.5Nb had decreased to 7°C and is predicted to require more than 100 days to decrease to less than 1°C. Additionally, delayed hydride cracking tests with 1,000-h soak times prior to loading were performed and were found to complement the DSC experiments; the long times required to approach equilibrium help explain how the direction of test temperature approach affects DHC behavior. Additionally, the DSC equilibrium concentrations are in excellent agreement with terminal solid solubility concentrations determined from CANDU pressure tube surveillance data. Improved nomenclature is needed to define nonequilibrium heating and cooling curves that depend on temperature and time history.
Effect of Temperature and Irradiation on the Hardness of δ-Zr Hydride
Authors: Cherubin Igor J. S. , Long Fei , Topping Matthew , Santos Icaro G. R. , Daymond Mark R.
Published: December 2023

During operation in nuclear reactors, zirconium core components undergo a slow process of hydrogen pickup, followed by the onset of the precipitation of zirconium hydrides. These brittle precipitates lead to degradation in the mechanical properties of the core components of the nuclear reactor, which is of importance to the industry because this can affect the life span of components in the reactor or during subsequent storage. There are still significant uncertainties as to the mechanical properties of the zirconium hydrides due to their complex characteristics: a wide range of possible precipitate sizes and geometries, variations of the hydride-matrix orientation relationship, and changes in mechanical properties with temperature, including an observed ductile-to-brittle transition of zirconium, including some hydride. In this study, using a novel approach, we address how the properties of δ-Zr hydrides themselves vary with both changes of temperature and irradiation damage. Mechanical properties were obtained using nanoindentation testing for both zirconium hydride and—as a comparison—for a Zr2.5Nb pressure tube. Proton irradiation was used to emulate the effects of neutron irradiation. After proton irradiation, the influence of temperature on hardness was observed by carrying out indentation tests from room temperature up to 300°C, collecting data at 50°C intervals. The influence of proton irradiation was analyzed using five different damage levels, including nonirradiated, from 0.05 to 0.8 dpa. An increase in temperature correlated with a decrease of the δ-Zr hydride hardness, with a more pronounced decrease with temperature for hydrides than for Zr2.5Nb.
Associations Among Microvascular Dysfunction, Fatty Acid Metabolism, and Diabetes
Authors: Wu Jianjun , Zhang Youqi , Ji Liu , Zhao Suhong , Han Yueqing , Zou Xinyu , Ma Lianyu , Yang Dawei , Yang Fan
Published: December 2023

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels resulting from impaired insulin secretion or insulin resistance. Diabetes poses a major global health concern, because of its increasing prevalence and substantial morbidity and mortality. This review explores the relationships between altered fatty acid metabolism and microcirculatory impairments in diabetes. Dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism in diabetes leads to changes in fatty acid profiles, abnormal lipid accumulation, and increased oxidative stress. These changes contribute to microvascular dysfunction through mechanisms such as endothelial dysfunction, impaired nitric oxide availability, inflammation, and oxidative damage. Understanding this intricate interplay is essential for identifying novel therapeutic strategies to alleviate vascular complications in diabetes. By targeting specific pathways involved in fatty acid metabolism and microvascular dysfunction, interventions can be developed to improve patient outcomes. This review is aimed at contributing to future research and the development of effective strategies for preventing and managing diabetes-associated microcirculatory impairments, to ultimately enhance the quality of life for people living with diabetes.
Pre-saccadic Neural Enhancements in Marmoset Area MT
Authors: Coop Shanna H. , Yates Jacob L. , Mitchell Jude F.
Published: December 2023

Each time we make an eye movement, attention moves before the eyes, resulting in a perceptual enhancement at the target. Recent psychophysical studies suggest that this pre-saccadic attention enhances the visual features at the saccade target, whereas covert attention causes only spatially selective enhancements. While previous nonhuman primate studies have found that pre-saccadic attention does enhance neural responses spatially, no studies have tested whether changes in neural tuning reflect an automatic feature enhancement. Here we examined pre-saccadic attention using a saccade foraging task developed for marmoset monkeys (one male and one female). We recorded from neurons in the middle temporal area with peripheral receptive fields that contained a motion stimulus, which would either be the target of a saccade or a distracter as a saccade was made to another location. We established that marmosets, like macaques, show enhanced pre-saccadic neural responses for saccades toward the receptive field, including increases in firing rate and motion information. We then examined if the specific changes in neural tuning might support feature enhancements for the target. Neurons exhibited diverse changes in tuning but predominantly showed additive and multiplicative increases that were uniformly applied across motion directions. These findings confirm that marmoset monkeys, like macaques, exhibit pre-saccadic neural enhancements during saccade foraging tasks with minimal training requirements. However, at the level of individual neurons, the lack of feature-tuned enhancements is similar to neural effects reported during covert spatial attention.
Keterlibatan Amerika Serikat dalam Upaya Pembangunan Ekonomi Indonesia Era Soeharto 1966-1980
Authors: Setia Nanda
Published: December 2023

Sejak dimulainya kepemimpinan Presiden Soeharto di Indonesia yang menandai munculnya keterlibatan Amerika Serikat di Indonesia sangat berpengaruh besar dalam kaitannya dengan pembangunan ekonomi Indonesia, ditambah lagi adanya peraturan mengenai investasi modal asing di Indonesia. Krisis ekonomi pada periode Orde Lama membuat Soeharto merombak berbagai kebijakan perekonomian Indonesia. Kebijakan ekonomi trilogi pembangunan dan REPELITA mulai digagas oleh Soeharto, yang tentunya membutuhkan modal yang amat besar. Demi ketercapaian cita-cita tersebut diwujudkan dengan mendekatnya Indonesia kepada Amerika Serikat. Akibatnya membuat Amerika Serikat memiliki hubungan intim dengan Indonesia. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan bagaimana keterlibatan Amerika Serikat dalam pembangunan ekonomi Indonesia pada masa pemerintahan Presiden Soeharto 1966-1980. Melalui metode penelitian sejarah tulisan ini akan memberikan gambaran mengenai awal mula terjalinnya hubungan Indonesia dengan Amerika Serikat, kebijakan ekonomi Indonesia yang mendasari keterlibatan Amerika Serikat, serta kontribusi yang diberikan Amerika Serikat dalam pembangunan ekonomi Indonesia di masa Orde Baru.
Non-linear changes in public opinion on LGBT in Estonia and Ukraine
Authors: Kasianczuk Maksym
Published: December 2023

Over the past few decades, the situation of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people has improved significantly and attitudes towards these vulnerable social groups have become more favorable, but discrimination, hate speech and hate crimes based on sexual orientation and gender identity remain widespread. Based on the corpus of data obtained during 1991–2023 from series of representative international and national studies, changes in public opinion about LGBT people in two post-Soviet countries were analyzed. It is shown that despite the numerous differences between Estonian and Ukrainian societies, different legislative fields and other factors, the dynamics of attitudes towards LGBT issues in both countries have many common features (namely, the initial period of stable low public support for LGBT is replaced by its rapid growth, which, in in turn, passes into a period of stable high support), and the process of changes in public opinion over time can be described by a logistic equation. The nature of changes in public opinion described in the article is applied to most of the considered data, and the duration of the initial period of stable-low support (on average, 11 years for Estonia and about 20 years for Ukraine) is comparable to the period separating two generations. The applied mathematical model gives grounds for predicting that the maximum of public support for LGBT may be reached in Estonia at the end of the 2020s, and in Ukraine at the beginning of the 2030s. Unfortunately, social stigmatization of LGBT issues significantly limits the availability of data that can become basis of the analysis. The article discusses some possible factors of changes in public support for LGBT issues (the number and openness of LGBT people, instability in the respective societies / states, etc.), and outlines the heuristic value of the proposed model and directions for further development.
direitas subalternas da América Latina
Authors: Orsi Guillermo Omar
Published: December 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é verificar a pertinência do conceito de Partidos Populistas Radicais de Direita (PPRD), desenvolvido por Cas Mudde, que forma parte do mainstream teórico que analisa os discursos das ultradireitas (extremistas e radicais) ao confrontá-los com os casos da América Latina e propor as adaptações para poder entender ditos fenômenos. Esta conceituação entende que as ultradireitas se caracterizam pela presença de três elementos simultâneos: o autoritarismo, o populismo e o nativismo. O estudo foi realizado a partir dos vídeos postados pelos representantes das direitas na Argentina e no Brasil em seus próprios canais no YouTube. Conclui, assim, que o olhar limitado dos teóricos europeus e norte-americanos aos seus próprios contextos impede-lhes de perceber que as ultradireitas na América Latina são definidas pela subalternidade, buscando legitimidade na aproximação com os modelos estrangeiros de políticas, cultura e moral.
The use of digital devices and changing habits among generation alpha in Hungary
Authors: Réz K. , Nagy Z. Z.
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The aim of the study was to analyse the use of digital devices among children.

Materials/Methods

A specially designed questionnaire was distributed to 249 schoolchildren to assess their use of digital devices both in school and outside school. The questionnaire was used before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. The children were asked about the extent of their use of digital devices, as well as about ophthalmic and general health complaints. Their responses were assessed statistically.

Results

Regarding age distribution, 145 children were between seven and 10 years old when they started to use digital devices. Most of the children used a digital device for between one and two hours a day. The majority preferred using smartphones. The second most popular devices were laptops and tablets, and the third most popular was the desktop computer. Fifty-six children wore glasses, 14 to correct hyperopia and 42 to correct myopia. 97 children spent between one and two hours a day outdoors; 99 children spent more than two hours outdoors; and 51 spent less than one hour outdoors. 71 children reported eye problems; 48 reported other general health problems (back and neck pain); and 43 mentioned blurred vision while using a digital device.

Conclusions

The use of digital devices can be regarded as general among schoolchildren, and most children use a digital device for longer than the recommended time. Excessive use of digital devices may contribute to an increase in the prevalence of myopia and other general eye and back problems.
Establishment of dairy product risk rank model based on the perspective of time, space, and potential contaminants
Authors: Liao Shengmei , Hu Kang , Xu Su , Tao Guangcan , Zhang Qinghai
Published: December 2023

China ranks third in the global production of dairy products; however, dairy products are extremely vulnerable to contamination, which leaves harmful effects on the human body. This study assesses the risk classification of hazards, and examines regional and temporal distribution patterns using sample data on dairy products produced in China from 2017 to 2021. The risk value was estimated using the entropy weight method. Both global and local spatial autocorrelations were applied. The findings indicate that the primary high and relatively high-risk substances in circulation and production are veterinary medications, additives, microorganisms, and chromium whereas the main high and relatively high-risk substances in catering are additives, microorganisms, and chromium. Unqualified dairy samples were reported from 2017 to 2021. The categorical sampling of dairy products primarily takes place in western China, and only coliform group and total bacterial counts demonstrated high–high and low–low agglomeration, respectively. The dynamic adjustment of targeted regulatory opinions and regulatory plans is proposed to provide scientific basis for the safe supervision of dairy products through the classification of risk substances and the characteristics of related time and space distribution.
Luminescence of polyvinyl alcohol – CdS compounds doped with Cu, Al and Mn
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University, Hanna S.A. , Prosanov Igor Yu ,   Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry of SB RAS, Sidelnikov Anatoly A. ,   Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry of SB RAS
Published: December 2023

Polyvinyl alcohol – CdS compounds doped with different concentrations of Cu, Al and Mn were produced. It is expected that these compounds have one-dimensional (polymeric) structure. Their luminescence spectra were investigated with the aim of use of luminescence for the structure characterization through comparison of luminescent properties of compounds and other CdS based materials. It was found that addition of copper leads to luminescence quenching while intensity of luminescence of compound doped with manganese reaches maximum at some concentration of additive and aluminum does not influence noticeably on the luminescence intensity of the compound. Luminescence spectra were not significantly changed at the doping. They are different from spectrum of crystalline CdS and similar to luminescence of CdS dissolved in glass. It was also found that luminescence of compounds is highly polarized, luminescence of glass is less polarized and luminescence of crystal CdS is not polarized.
An electro-optical characteristics study of high-power single-mode 950-980 nm range laser diodes
Authors:   Perm Research and Production Instrument-Making Company, Nabiullin I.S , Slipchenko Sergey O. ,   Ioffe Institute, Shashkin I. S. ,   Ioffe Institute, Rudova Natalia A. ,   Ioffe Institute, Rizaev Artem E. ,   Ioffe Institute, Vasilevsky Ivan S. ,   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Pikhtin Nikita Alexandrovich ,   Ioffe Institute
Published: December 2023

The study considers ridge waveguide characteristics in context of achieving maximum power and single-mode lasing. The watt-ampere and current-voltage characteristics, the spectrum, the radiation divergence along both axes depending on the pump current are measured, the dependences of the threshold current and differential efficiency vs the resonator length are plotted, the losses and the internal quantum yield are determined. Laser diodes with 2000 um resonator length showed the highest optical power – 190 mW at 375 mA pump current.
Development of a linearized model for determining the temperature of thermal objects on the basis of radiation data
Authors:   Natural Resources Space Research Institute, Agaev F.G. , Asadov Kh Gamid ,   Azerbaijan National Aerospace Agency, Alieva G. V. ,   Azerbaijan National Aerospace Agency
Published: December 2023

A piecewise linearized model has been developed for determining the temperature of thermal objects using their radiation characteristics in the IR range. The task of calculating the temperature of a thermal object is formulated as an optimization problem of a variational type, in which the task is to find such a dependence of the considered wavelength interval ∆λ = λ_2-λ_1 on the central wavelength λ_с =(λ_2-λ_1)/2, at which the value of the objective functional, equivalent to the calculated temperature reaches a minimum when a certain restrictive condition is imposed on the function ∆λ = ψ(λ_с). It is shown that the minimum of the objective functional is possible if the inverse dependence of ∆λ on λ_с is ensured, i.e. with increasing λ_с, ∆λ should decrease, which in turn leads to a decrease in the linearization error.
Model of spatial energy distribution in the interaction of counter optical pulses in a fiber
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Konin Yuri A. , Petrov A.A. ,   Institute of Laser Technologies, ITMO University, Lutsenko Andrey S. ,   Perm Scientific and Production Instrument-Making Company
Published: December 2023

This paper considers the interaction of two high-energy optical pulses of short duration, moving towards each other in the optical fiber. The expected result of the interaction is a structural change in the core, the longitudinal dimensions of which are commensurate with the pulse length. Optical fiber with such a structure can be used as a sensitive element in sensory applications. To solve the problem of pulse interaction, a system of equations describing the propagation of two opposite plane electromagnetic waves in a dielectric waveguide was composed. The calculations were performed in the numerical simulation environment COMSOL Multyphysics. The results show that the calculated spatial distribution has four pronounced centers. A comparison with experimental data is given.
Effect of zinc diffusion regimes from a metallic layer on the emission and current parameters of InGaAs/AlGaAs/GaAs structures
Authors:   Perm Scientific and Production Instrument-Making Company, Nabiullin Ildar Salikhovich , Klochkov A.N. ,   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Vinichenko A.N. ,   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Vasil'evskii Ivan S. ,   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI
Published: December 2023

The study represents the light and current parameters of an InGaAs/AlGaAs/GaAs double heterostructure, the layers of which were simultaneously subjected to doping and intermixing by rapid thermal annealing of zinc from a metal layer with a SiO2 coating at different temperatures and firing times: 1) 700 °C, 5 min; 2) 650 °C, 5 min; 3) 650 °C, 15 min. A comparison of samples with different temperatures and times of zinc annealing showed that an increase in the time and temperature of the process increases the shift of the luminescence maximum peak to the short-wavelength region. The best shift was 87 nm.
Empowering Woman Through the Sharia Savings and Loan Program in an Effort to Survive During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Setiaji Eko
Published: December 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic has encourage more women not to return to work during the pandemic. This adversely affects not only women's welfare but also economic progress and women's independence. The Sharia Borrowing Program from the Sharia Cooperatives assisted by Rumah Zakat is one of the efforts to provide capital to women who have micro businesses in order to be able to maintain their business activities during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to determine the impact of empowering women by Rumah Zakat through the sharia savings and loan program during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research is a descriptive research and uses a qualitative approach. The data collection method used in-depth interviews conducted to 12 members of BUMMas, Village Officer, Relawan Inspirasi and the management of the Mitra Insan Mandiri Cooperative in Gilingan Village and the Berkah Bersama Cikeusik Cooperative in Pandeglang Regency. The results of the study show that women who are members of savings and loan groups are able to take advantage of interest-free financing to maintain their economic business so as not to go out of business during the Covid-19 pandemic. Savings and loan activities are also able to educate members to set aside income as member savings in cooperatives so that they can become future savings. Through regular member coaching, there is a change in the mindset of members to no longer access loans to moneylenders who pay high interest.
Keywords: Covid-19 Pandemic, Women Empowerment, Sharia Savings and Loan Program
Ecology, Religion, and Environment: Sambori Indigenous Religion’s Perspectives towards Nature and Conservations.
Authors: Nurdin
Published: December 2023

This paper aimed to examine cosmological aspects in Sambori indigenous community perspectives towards nature and conservations in which the inter-subjective relational relationship between human being and non-human being becomes the primary resource to protect the environment and the surrounding area in Sambori indigenous community particularly with their respective sacred land, wellspring, and forest. This study employed a qualitative approach which the primary resources are literature studies and internet observations, the data were then descriptively and qualitatively described. This study found that the inter-subjective relational relationship between the Sambori indigenous people and non-human being lies on their daily lives and rituals, particularly related to their primary source of livelihood which relies on natural resources. They believed that their surrounding area has sacred sites where the Holy Being, locally known as Parafu and the other respected ancestral spirit resides. Therefore, they strongly believe that natural resources including land, water, forest, and so forth cannot be separated from their everyday life. They have unique way to understand and to engage with their natural resource. This perspective proposes mutual, ethical, and responsible commitment between human being and the other being. Some spiritual ceremonies are performed such as Pamali Manggodo and Balaleha Music Art as a means to engage, interact and connect to the Holy beings to ask for help, safety, and peaceful life, as well as to refuse reinforcements, particularly for their agricultural activities.
Fulfillment of Disability Rights through Sekaa Janger Kolok Towards Sustainable Development
Authors: Aristiani Made Diah , Yuga Kadek Vijananda Garba , Sudharani Made Gita , Dewi Putu Ratih Kumala
Published: December 2023

Cases of inequality in the social environment are still frequently encountered, especially for people with disabilities. The stigma against people with disabilities has led to the emergence of various assumptions stating that people with disabilities are not capable of carrying out tasks on an equal basis with normal people. Disability groups often experience discrimination in society and are marginalized in development. There is one village that is unique, this village is in Bengkala Village, Buleleng Regency, Bali Province. This village is known for having a population of residents who have had limited speech and hearing since birth. It is said that this phenomenon is caused by local endogamous marriage practices that have persisted from generation to generation in a relatively small population. This group is able to develop through social and cultural life that has been preserved from generation to generation based on uniqueness and diversity by forming a source of creative activity through "Sekaa Janger Kolok". The aim of this research is to examine efforts for social inclusion of disabled people in Bengkala Village through Sekaa Janger Kolok. The research boundary is Bengkala Village, Buleleng Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia. With a descriptive qualitative research method using data collection through primary data through interviews with Village Heads, Sekaa Chairmen, Teachers as well as secondary data from literature searches. The concepts used are rights for people with disabilities, social inclusion, social welfare. As for the findings from this research, people with disabilities were involved and empowered with the formation of Sekaa Janger Kolok and were involved in tourist villages.
THE ROLE OF GDP PER CAPITA, ECONOMIC FREEDOM INDEX AND POPULATION GROWTH TO POLITICAL STABILITY IN SOUTHEAST ASIAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Muhamad Ferdy Firmansyah  , Nanang Rusliana  , Haikal Zulian Maulana  , Sri Rahmi Nuraini  , Muhamad Ridho
Published: December 2023

This study aims to examine the role of economic growth, the index of economic freedom, and the population on political stability. Political stability is one of the factors that can determine the direction of development and economic growth towards the creation of prosperity. Politically stable countries can carry out better economic development. This research contributes to look at the factors that can support political stability in Southeast Asian countries. This study uses secondary data originating from the World Governance Indicator, World Bank Development Indicator and Heritage Foundation in the 2011-2020 period. This study was conducted in Southeast Asian countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, Singapore and Vietnam. The research method used is panel data regression. The results show that GDP Per capita and economic freedom index is a significant effect to political stability. On the other side, population growth has not significant impact to political stability. This proves that every country that has good political stability is supported by stable guaranteed economic freedom, and a controlled GDP per capita.
Factors Associated with Triggers and Adverse Events in Pediatrics
Authors:   Hospital Universitário Júlio Müller, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil, Rodrigues Moraes Rúbia Marcela , Bernardino Matos Povoas Jucá Sileyde Cristiane ,   Hospital Universitário Júlio Müller, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil, Vacario de Quadros Deise ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, Müller de Magalhães Ana Maria ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, de Oliveira Júnior Gilmar Jorge ,   Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil, Bispo Barbosa Welistânia Vieira ,   Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil, Campos de Oliveira João Lucas ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
Published: December 2023

Introdução: A ocorrência frequente de eventos adversos durante a internação hospitalar demanda meios proativos de gerenciamento de riscos, incluindo a verificação de rastreadores/triggers. Objetivo: verificar os fatores associados aos triggers e eventos adversos na internação pediátrica. Material e Métodos: Pesquisa transversal embasada na metodologia do Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI), por meio da aplicação do Paediatric Trigger Tool (PTT) a uma amostra (n=194) de prontuários de pacientes pediátricos de um hospital do Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Foi realizada análise estatística descritiva, inferencial e regressão de Poisson. Resultados: Mais da metade (n=107; 55,15%) dos pacientes apresentou pelo menos um trigger na internação. Foram identificados 204 triggers/gatilhos, com maior ocorrência de queda de hemoglobina/hematócrito (9,80%), queda de saturação de oxigênio (9,80%) e aumento de marcadores de funções renais (9,20%). Do total de gatilhos, 64 (31,37%) eventos adversos foram confirmados, os quais foram classificados majoritariamente como dano temporário com necessidade de suporte ao paciente (65,62%). O tempo de internação (p-valor=0,004) e o caráter da internação (p-valor<0,001) foram variáveis associadas à ocorrência de triggers. Caráter de internação e admissões provenientes de outras instituições foram preditores na ocorrência de triggers e eventos adversos. Discussão: O estudo encontrou 31,37% dos triggers resultando em danos ao paciente, a detecção precoce é essencial na segurança do paciente pediátrico, internações prolongadas estão ligadas a infecções e eventos adversos, transferências de pacientes exigem medidas de segurança rigorosas e eficazes. Conclusões: internações prolongadas e crianças admitidas via transferência merecem atenção a triggers e/ou eventos adversos concretizados.
Dynamics of the Policy Network in the Aspect of Global Crisis Phenomena (On the Example of NATO)
Authors:   MGIMO University, Dresvianin Daniil
Published: December 2023

Introduction. A peculiarity of modern political reality is the interconnectedness of the processes of globalization and fragmentation in the world. In a new emerging paradigm of international relations, policy networks come to the fore. These are the network structures for managing public affairs, uniting a variety of political actors. The relevance of the study is due to the need for an objective evaluation of the development of the policy network in the context of global changes as well as forecasting potential threats in the field of international security. The aim of the work is to examine the dynamics of the policy network in the context of global crisis phenomena, using the example of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Methods. The theoretical basis of the research is the network approach and the concept of policy networks, which allow us to study the object from an interdisciplinary point of view and conduct structural studies at all levels of analysis. The complexity of the structure of policy networks requires the use of methods of scientific cognition – analysis and synthesis, media analytics such as the research of content, and expert opinions. Analysis. The policy network is characterized both by the resilience and stability of its structure, which allows it to function effectively in internal and external transformations, and by the complexity of the relations among its actors. Global policy networks are formed on the principles of mutually beneficial resource exchange to achieve common goals and solve individual problems. An example of how NATO has been functioning in the period 2020–2023 showcases trends towards the transformation of the policy network from disintegration to subsequent reintegration to obtain the desired result. In a crisis situation, NATO as a global policy network is experiencing the dynamics of “connected instability”, establishing new forms of actor relationships that require flexibility in political decision-making. Results. In conditions of global instability and uncertainty, policy networks play a supporting (safety-maintaining) role in the processes of supranational regulation, contributing to the creation of an effective architecture of multi-level governance. As a result of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to update the theory of the network approach to further develop mechanisms for describing the actors’ cooperation within the policy network.
“Turkish” Tobacco Pipes: History of Study
Authors:   Federal Research Centre Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kladchenko Olga
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The article is devoted to the history of the study of “Turkish” clay tobacco pipes. It is an actively developing direction in archaeological science. For about fifty years, “Turkish” tobacco pipes have regularly been the subject of research by scientists from various countries. However, the history of their study has not yet become a special subject of research. Methods of research. The study used methods to identify commonalities and differences between individual studies on the problem in question. All the references considered in the publication are arranged in chronological order and reflect the evolution of the researchers’ views; separate lines of research on tobacco pipes are distinguished. Analysis. From the late 1960s to the late 1980s, the foundations were laid for the study of “Turkish” tobacco pipes. The works created during this period are still the basis on which all researchers rely. The next stage in the study of the pipes was in the 1990s. At that time, the data on the dating of the pipes were clarified, special research using natural scientific methods was carried out for the first time, written sources were involved, the historical names of some types of pipes were restored, and the distinguishing features of local copies from the Turkish originals were analyzed. In the 2000’s and 2010’s, the attention of researchers turned to individual problems of studying pipes, such as stamps and ornamentation, images of smoking pipes on works of art, and analysis of written sources on the history of tobacco smoking. In addition, large monographs with detailed catalogs of “Turkish” tobacco pipes were created for the first time. Results. Many issues still remain unresolved in the available literature: only a few of the production centers have been identified, only a small portion of the masters’ marks have been read, and most of the dating covers broad periods and needs to be clarified.
Historical and Objective Method of Attribution of the Don Military Portrait of the 1812 Epoch
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Agafonov Anatoly
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The article discusses the formation and development of the Don military portrait in the context of the formation of the South Russian nobility and military events of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. “For exploits and wounds,” Don officers and generals received ranks, orders, and insignia, lands, estates, money, and valuable gifts, and were elevated to the nobility. They consolidated their new social status in a visual form: ceremonial, semi-ceremonial, chamber, military, and coat of arms portraits, a large number of which have been preserved in museums in Russia and abroad and in private collections. Methods and materials. Relying on the historical-subject method of attribution of portraiture and at the interdisciplinary level, the artistic image of the Don military elite of the 1812 epoch is studied; attribution, characterization of the content, interpretation of images, and their accompaniment are carried out. The portrait of the hero of the 1812 epoch, Major General Pyotr Grekov the 8th , accompanied by the family coat of arms of the nobility, is being studied. Analysis. The evolution of the Don Cossack uniform and fittings, the imperial award system and its extension to the generals and officer corps of the Don army are characterized, and the rules for depicting awards on portraits and heraldic symbols are described. All of them act as sources of attribution for portraiture, revealing the character and merits of the Don General. Results. Based on the historical-subject method of attribution of works of portrait painting, the date of writing is established, and an assumption is made about the model and the author of the image.
The Procedure for Providing Verkhotur’s Yamschiks with a Money Wage in the 17th Century
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Semenov Oleg
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The article examines the procedure for obtaining a money wage by the yamschiks of Verkhoturye, which was one of the most important sources of their existence. Historians have hardly studied this issue. The changes in the procedure for issuing salaries in the 17th century are analyzed, and their influence on the yamschiks is shown. Methods and materials. The basis of the work was unpublished archival materials, many of which were introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. Comparative, genetic, and anthropological methods of historical research were used. Analysis. Since the emergence of the Verkhotursky Yam, a complicated procedure for obtaining a money wage has been in effect for yamschiks. It assumed the annual appeal of the yamschiks to Moscow. This was burdensome for the yamschiks and did not guarantee timely payment of wages. This prompted the yamschiks to seek permission from the authorities to change the procedure for providing salaries. The simplification of the procedure for issuing salaries was also favored by the growth of income in Verkhoturye. From 1659/60, yamschiks received salaries from the local budget without trips to Moscow until the first half of 1670. During the following decades of the 17th century, Verkhotursky Yam was supplied with funds from Moscow. Results. By the end of the 17th century, the procedure for providing Verkhotursky yamschiks with a money wage was not simplified. They went to Moscow for payment annually. This worsened the already difficult financial situation of the yamschiks, negatively affected their duties, and therefore hindered the Russian development of Siberia.
Ways in the Life of the Kalmyk Khanate of the 18th Century (Based on the Documents of the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia)
Authors:   Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov, Suseeva Danara , Gorban Oksana ,   Volgograd State University
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The object of the analysis is the ways in which the Kalmyk Khanate of the 18th century used communication routes and movements along these paths for a specific purpose. Methods and materials. The official correspondence of Kalmyk khans and owners with representatives of different government levels of the Russian state of the 18th century from the funds of the National Archives of the Republic of Kalmykia is considered, data on the movements of representatives of the Kalmyk Khanate is revealed, and a typology of these movements is proposed. Analysis. It is shown that ways differ in place, time, and purpose of movement. In the life of the Kalmyks, internal and external ways stood out. The internal ones are seasonal migrations within the khanate in order to change pastures for livestock. The documents report on the places of nomads, folk traditions, holidays, and various difficulties. External ways connected the Kalmyks with the world outside the khanate and were divided into postal (communication between different subjects), official (delivery of salaries, trips on judicial and other matters), diplomatic (visits to the court, trips to other states to conclude and maintain peace), military (military campaigns, border protection), trade (trips to Russian and other cities for the purchase and sale of livestock and various goods), and religious (pilgrimage to Tibet, trips for baptism to Stavropol-on-the-Volga). Results. The conclusion is made about the great importance of both internal ways, which determined the mode of life of the nomadic people, and external ones, thanks to which interaction with the Russian state and other countries was carried out. Sources of Kalmyk and Russian origin reveal facts from different points of view and show the actions of both sides as the realization of their complex, multifaceted interaction. Authors’ contribution. D.A. Suseeva proposed the classification principles, identified the main way types, and analyzed the letters of the Kalmyk khans and owners. O.A. Gorban supplemented the classification with individual species and analyzed V.N. Tatishchev’s letters and other documents of the Kalmyk Commission.
Historical and Economic Overview of the Development of Interregional Migration Flows and Types of Employment (On the Example of Tsaritsyn – Stalingrad and Adjacent Territories)
Authors:   Volgograd Institute of Management, Branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of Russian Federation, Ivanova Tat’jana , Mironova Svetlana ,   Volgograd Institute of Management, Branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of Russian Federation
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The purpose of the study is determined by the significance of the formation of labor resources for territorial development. The choice of the object is determined by the presence of historical experience of the growth of interregional migration flows in the territories under consideration. Methods and materials. Statistical collections, materials from general and agricultural censuses, and one-time surveys of the late 19th and early 20th centuries were used. Historical-evolutionary approaches and statistical methods of analysis are applied. Analysis. The migration flows are determined, and their statistical features are identified: 1) seasonal migration before the construction of the railway in 1862; 2) changes in seasonal migration after 1862; 3) formation of qualified and unskilled immigration flows with high settlement when developing factory activity (1897); 4) migration of the period of the First World War and the Civil War in connection with military operations; 5) a gradual reduction in spontaneity and an increase in the regularity of migration processes in the 20–30s of the 20th century. Results. The formation of interregional migration flows and types of employment is determined by the prevailing technological order, existing social institutions, opportunities to have a source of income, similarity of lifestyle, and the insignificance of the shoulder of territorial displacement. Recommendations are formulated based on the use of historical experience to predict migration flows and ensure their specific orientation, for example, for the currently developing digital economy, including the gig economy. Authors’ contribution. T.B. Ivanova identified historical sources, analyzed the patterns of development, and framed the text of the article. S.M. Mironova participated in identifying patterns of historical processes and preparing the article.
The Diplomatic Career of the English Poet Matthew Prior
Authors:   Smolensk State University, Ivonina Liudmila
Published: December 2023

Introduction. There are only a few special works about the English poet Matthew Prior as a diplomat in historical literature, and his diplomatic service did not receive an assessment in Russian historiography. Methods and materials. During the study of the poet’s diplomacy practice, the author used systematic and anthropological methods, content analysis of his correspondence, biographies, and research works. Analysis. Prior was one of the few Englishmen of his time who was able to combine a political and poetic career. He met the main criteria for climbing the career ladder in the era of “courts and alliances” because he had professional abilities, excellent knowledge of languages, art knowledge, wit, and the ability to compose well. As a diplomat, Prior successfully proved himself during two European wars: the Augsburg League war and the War of the Spanish Succession. As a secret agent, embassy secretary, and ambassador, he was prominent in all negotiations with France. Results. The most important achievement of his diplomacy was the conclusion of the Peace of Utrecht between Britain and France. Prior’s diplomatic activities harmoniously combined with his erudition in the field of artistic culture and poetry. Diplomacy defined his most successful and mature works, and poetry perfected his art of diplomacy.
Catholic Emancipation in the Great Britain and Irish Policy of Sir Robert Peel (1812–1829)
Authors:   Kuban State University, Klochkov Victor , Nazarova Veronica ,   Southern Federal University, Uznarodov Igor ,   Rostov State University of Economics
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The subject of research in this work is a historical and historiographical review of the Irish policy of one of the Tory leaders, Sir R. Peel (1788–1850), from the moment of his appointment as Secretary for Ireland in 1812 to the political crisis associated with the Catholic Emancipation in 1829. The relevance of the work is determined by the fact that the Irish policy of R. Peel is investigated here not only in the traditional problem-chronological way but also in a biographical context. Methods. The broad research context of the work is provided by the use of the prosopographic method and the historical-critical method of data processing of sources, some of which (archival sources from the Library of the University of Southampton and the Archive Bureau of Northamptonshire) are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. Analysis. The aim of this work is to revise the thesis established in traditional British historiography, according to which the Irish policy of R. Peel in the period from 1812 to 1829 was based on the principles of “Orangism,” whereas after the Catholic Emancipation of 1829, R. Peel became “emancipated.” The analysis of R. Peel’s political strategy in the Irish question carried out in the article shows that none of these definitions fully reflects his actual position. Results. The result of the study is the thesis that R. Peel’s Irish policy turned out to be the personification of a conservative approach to problems, in solving which he was forced to concede in detail while preserving the basics. It is shown that R. Peel’s position on the issue of Catholic emancipation was not a rejection of Anglicanism, as it often seemed to contemporaries, but a rejection of anti-Catholicism. This circumstance makes it possible today to avoid extreme assessments of R. Peel as an unprincipled politician in favor of a more moderate assessment of his Irish policy. Authors’ contribution. V.V. Klochkov determined the basic concept of the article and the methodological foundations of the study, as well as identified unpublished sources from the regional archives of Great Britain; V.S. Nazarova prepared the introduction of the article, created its structural composition, and analyzed the historiography of the problem; I.M. Uznarodov carried out general editing of the text and formulated the main results of the study.
Model for Determining the Composition of the ERP System Protection System
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Babenko Aleksey , Rybalkina Angelina ,   Volgograd State University
Published: December 2023

The role of ERP systems in the modern digital economy is considered. The results of work in the field of protection of ERP systems are presented. The architecture and functions of ERP systems that affect their security are determined. The market of ERP systems in the world and the Russian Federation is analyzed. Threats to information security of ERP systems are considered. A model of security threats to the organization’s ERP system is presented. A functional model for determining the composition of the ERP systems protection system is presented. A software package for determining the composition of the ERP systems protection system is described. The results of experimental studies using the developed model are presented.