bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus Budget for a Forested-Agricultural Watershed in Korea
Authors: Reza Arif , Eum Jaesung , Jung Sungmin , Choi Youngsoon , Jang Changwon , Kim Kiyong , Owen Jeffrey S. , Kim Bomchul
Published: December 2018

Despite increased attention to the need for sustainable agriculture, fertilizer application rates above crop requirements remain common agricultural practices in South Korea, causing eutrophication of freshwater and coastal ecosystems. The aim of this study is to quantify phosphorus (P) inputs, outputs, and retention in a forested-agricultural watershed. The P budget showed that the combined use of chemical fertilizer and organic compost was the largest source of P (97.6% of the total) followed by atmospheric wet deposition (2.1% of the total P), whereas forest export (0.2% of the total) and sewage treatment plants (STPs) (0.1% of the total) were negligible. The P outputs were crop harvesting and hydrologic export to surface water. The P balance showed that P inputs are higher than the P outputs; approximately 87% of the total P input was retained in the soils within the watershed. However, P concentrations in drainage water were still high enough to cause eutrophication of downstream reservoirs. The results provide important details on the proportion of P export and retention in the watershed. This will help efforts to improve water quality and design better management strategies for agricultural nonpoint source pollution.
6’-Fluoro[4.3.0]bicyclo nucleic acid: synthesis, biophysical properties and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Frei Sibylle , Istrate Andrei , Leumann Christian J
Published: December 2018

Here we report on the synthesis, biophysical properties and molecular modeling of oligonucleotides containing unsaturated 6’-fluoro[4.3.0]bicyclo nucleotides (6’F-bc4,3-DNA). Two 6’F-bc4,3 phosphoramidite building blocks (T and C) were synthesized starting from a previously described [3.3.0]bicyclic sugar. The conversion of this sugar to a gem-difluorinated tricyclic intermediate via difluorocarbene addition followed either by a NIS-mediated or Vorbrüggen nucleosidation yielded in both cases the β-tricyclic nucleoside as major anomer. Subsequent desilylation and cyclopropane ring opening of these tricyclic intermediates afforded the unsaturated 6’F-bc4,3 nucleosides. The successful incorporation of the corresponding phosphoramidite building blocks into oligonucleotides was achieved with tert-butyl hydroperoxide as oxidation agent. Thermal melting experiments of the modified duplexes disclosed a destabilizing effect versus DNA and RNA complements, but with a lesser degree of destabilization versus complementary DNA (ΔTm/mod = −1.5 to −3.7 °C). Molecular dynamics simulation on the nucleoside and oligonucleotide level revealed the preference of the C1’-exo/C2’-endo alignment of the furanose ring. Moreover, the simulation of duplexes with complementary RNA disclosed a DNA/RNA-type duplex structure suggesting that this modification might be a substrate for RNase H.
CHALLENGES OF THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY AND THE KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY
Authors: García Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2018

Nowadays, the Construction Sector in the EU is one of the most relevant forces of the European economy — It represents the 10% of the total EU GDP and 7% of total employment. Nevertheless, we can define this sector as a very unstructured activity with a wide range of interactions in the value chain. In fact, we can say it's a hyper‐sector that has been demonstrating over previous decades, to be market oriented and not too much innovative. Several analyses have concluded the RTD activity in the construction Sector is quite unstructured and a lot of knowledge is produced but not recorded. In most cases, the RTD and innovation activity are focused to solve day to day problems, more than a response to an innovative policy and planned activity. Main innovations have been made in the fields of materials and machinery, and most of them could be considered as a technology transfer form other sectors. The market demand ‐ according to economical cycles, and the financial support have been the main forces that have driven the activity of the Construction Sector. The new landscape ahead, of a global economy and a society based on technology and knowledge creation and valuation, will force this sector to be more active and structured in their RTD and innovation activity.
FACILITATING INNOVATION: THE ROLE OF THE CENTRE FOR CONSTRUCTION INNOVATION
Authors: Abbott Carl , Allen Stephen
Published: December 2018

This case‐study outlines the activities of the Centre for Construction Innovation highlighting critical success factors associated with collaborative centres and innovation brokers in transferring knowledge between Universities and Industry. The case study also explains the national context in which the centre has developed.

The Centre's approach to the provision of knowledge and tools to create an industry environment that fosters innovation is presented and discussed. The Centre brings together industrialists and academics as multi‐disciplinary participants in a range of best practice education and training, seminars, workshops and in‐company events, facilitating change by learning, debate and experience.

The Centre recognises the complex relationship that exists between projects, organisations, people and contracts and this in turn determines both what is possible and what is desirable. The collaborative process that seeks to achieve desirable outcomes requires inter‐ and intra‐ organisational cultural assessment and development. Facilitating this is a key role of the Centre.
SOCIAL HOUSING IN SLOVAKIA. THE TASK AND JUSTNESS OF THE NON‐PROFIT HOUSING ORGANIZATIONS ESTABLISHMENT IN SLOVAKIA
Authors: Červenová L'ubomíra
Published: December 2018

The paper deals with the situation in the housing sector in Slovakia since 1990. It presents changes in the structure of the tenure, the growth of the owner‐occupied housing and decline of rental housing stock. It describes activities, policy and goals of public rental housing sector. It is concerned on a?justness of a non‐profit housing organization establishment in this country. This institution would represent a?new approach in the re‐development of rental housing in Slovakia. It describes the first experiences from the establishment of the non‐profit housing organization and shows the possible risks, that could endanger the function of this institution.
A LINKAGE MEASURE FRAMEWORK FOR THE REAL ESTATE SECTOR
Authors: Song Yu , Liu Chunlu , Langston Craig
Published: December 2018

Linkage is one of the most important factors for gaining competitive advantage. Information on linkages is essential to understanding the structure of an economy, which is in turn important in formulating industry policies and business strategies. The hypothetical extraction method is used to measure the linkages by extracting a sector hypothetically from an economic system in the literature. In the previous research, however, the internal linkage (linkage within a sector) and sectoral linkages (linkage between two specific sectors) are ignored, and there is not a comprehensive framework to measure the linkages of a specific sector. Using the recently published Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development input‐output database at constant prices, this paper aims to resolve these two shortcomings and thereby propose a linkage measure framework to explore the linkages between the real estate sector and other sectors from a new angle. The relative and absolute linkages are termed and the total, backward, forward, internal and sectoral linkage indicators are formulated to investigate the linkages of the real estate sector from all directions. Empirical results show an increasing trend of these linkages, which confirms the increasing role of the real estate sector with economic maturity over the examined period. This framework also can be employed in other sectors.
CORPORATE BUSINESS VALUATION FOR MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS
Authors: Aluko Bioye Tajudeen , Amidu Abdul-Rasheed
Published: December 2018

Business combinations including mergers and acquisitions are important features of corporate structural changes. The Investments Securities Acts (ISA), 1999 charge the Securities and Exchange Commission with the responsibility to review and approve all business combinations in Nigeria. And, real property is an integral factor in many of such strategic business decisions and, need to be set in a business context.

This paper, therefore, examines how corporate business entities are and could be valued for mergers and acquisitions through exploratory research. It also explains the relevance of goodwill, marriage value, and fair value concept in corporate business asset valuation. The paper found out inter‐ alia that the value of holding property to the business needs to be measured against the return that the equity could achieve both within the business and elsewhere. It also, prima facie, shows that the role of the valuer is not one of accountant but interpreter of financial and physical information with a clear understanding of the nature of the business under consideration in merger and acquisition.
THE ANALYSIS OF CONFLICTS CONCERNING URBAN AREA USE: A CASE OF OLSZTYN (POLAND)
Authors: Zróbek Sabina , Zachaś Magdalena
Published: December 2018

The aim of this study was to analyze the conflicts that arise in Poland at the stage of working out (elaborating) local spatial management plans, issuing development orders concerning land development conditions and building permits, and the conflicts that are reported by the inhabitants to the municipal police. The analysis of the conflicts was conducted on the example of the city of Olsztyn. The research focuses on the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the conflicts, and examines the causes for their existence. The goal of the study was to emphasize the importance of conflict identification while making the decisions referring to land use.
Adaptive Functioning and Psychosocial Problems in Children with Beta Thalassemia Major
Authors: Alzaree Fatma A. , Shehata Manal A. , El Wakeel Maged A. , El-Alameey Inas R. , AbuShady Mones M. , Helal Suzette I.
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND: Beta thalassemia major is considered one of the serious health problems and the commonest hemoglobinopathy in Egypt that creates a burden not only on health system but also on the affected families and children who become vulnerable to emotional, social, psychological and behavioural problems.
AIM: This study was designed to assess the psychosocial burden and the adaptive functioning in children with beta-thalassemia major.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A group of 50 children with thalassemia major and 50 normal children matched for age and sex were included in a case-control study. Vineland Adaptive Functioning Scale was used to assess the adaptive functions; while the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSCL) was used to assess psychosocial morbidity.
RESULTS: A group of 50 children aged 5-17 years old with thalassemia major, their mean age was 11.05 ± 3.8, showed a statistically significant lower total adaptive behaviour score and communication subscale score. All the mean values of adaptive behaviour for cases and controls were within the average values. Results from the PSCL revealed no significant difference between mean scores of children with thalassemia and controls. A score of attention domain was markedly higher in children with thalassemia. Internalising behaviour was the most dominant as it was detected in 10% of the patient group.
CONCLUSION: Thalassemic patients had a relatively mild affection for adaptive and psychosocial functioning that can be explained by social and medical support they receive, which may increase their competence and psychological wellbeing.
Awareness of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus among Primary Health Care Patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bin Haikel Kholoud A. , Al Tulaihi Bader
Published: December 2018

AIM: To measure the level of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus awareness among visitors in PHC at KAMC and to explores the factors which influence the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus awareness.
METHODS: The study was a cross-sectional study conducted between February and September 2018 in four primary health care centers belong to King Abdulaziz Medical City. The study participants were male and female adult visitors to the centers` age from 18 to 60 years of age. The sample size was 400 participants. The participants were enrolled via a random convenience sampling method. Study data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Analytic statistics were done using the Chi-square (c2) test for associations and/or the difference between two categorical variables. A P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: The awareness about Systemic Lupus Erythematosus among male and female was not statistically significant as (P = 0.304), but there was a statistically significant difference according to education level. Visitors with high school education are aware of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus than those with a lower level of education (Primary & Middle school) who are not aware of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by (P = 0.023).
CONCLUSION: The study shows that this survey is valuable and beneficial to the community as it helps people to assess their knowledge about Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and become aware of this disease, as well as awareness of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus should be promoted among the community.
Comparative Analysis of the ʺScholasticʺ Recommendations of the AJCC From 2011 for the Surgical Treatment of Cutaneous Melanoma with the Newly Suggested Guidelines for OSMS From the Bulgarian Society For Dermatologic Surgery!
Authors: Tchernev Georgi , Temelkova Ivanka
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND: The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) offers a two-stage, often insufficient or so-called variable model of cutaneous melanoma treatment. This model starts with primary excision and an initial operational safety margin of 0.5 cm in all directions, followed by a re-excision with an additional field of operational security, determined by histologically established tumor thickness (with or without removal of SLN). We present a brand new method of melanoma surgery, the so-called One Step melanoma surgery (OSMS), in which cutaneous melanomas (regardless of their thickness) could be removed by single surgical intervention.
CASE REPORT: We describe a case of a patient with cutaneous melanoma, with postoperatively established Breslow’s tumor thickness of 6 mm, operated on the AJCC model within two surgical sessions. The usual primary excision was performed with a surgical safety margin of 0.5 cm in all directions, followed by a secondary excision with an additional surgical security field of 1.2 cm in all directions (due to the patient's wish for the optimal cosmetic result, agreed and approved by the dermatosurgeon performing the manipulation).
CONCLUSION: The two-stage method for the treatment of melanomas is often insufficient due to: 1) the inability (in this case) secondary excision in the face area to be conducted with an additional recommended operational security field of 1.5 cm in all directions; and 2) the patient's wish for a better cosmetic result, which should be achieved with less surgical security field, resulting in a compromise solution for re-excision with an additional surgical field of 1.2 cm in all directions.
Valsartan Induced Melanoma?! First Description in Medical Literature!
Authors: Tchernev Georgi , Temelkova Ivanka
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND: Drug-induced carcinogenesis is a matter of huge popularity and the subject of in-depth research over the last few years. According to the literature, dopamine agonists and acetylsalicylic acid fall into the list of drugs likely to potentiate the development of cutaneous melanoma. However, according to recent data, widely used angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) for the treatment of arterial hypertension, also carry a risk of malignancy development. The content of probable carcinogens, such as NDMA or NDEA in the drug valsartan (ARBs), causes the product to be withdrawn from the market. Recent experimental data suggest that another angiotensin receptor blocker-losartan also stimulates cell adhesion and melanoma cell invasion.
CASE REPORT: We present a 70-year-old patient who has been on systemic therapy with a combined drug of amlodipine and valsartan since 2008 and only valsartan from 2015. Three years after the first intake of valsartan (2011), the patient developed a pigment lesion on the right arm. Approximately 2.5 years after doubling the dose of valsartan, the patient observed a progression in the size of the lesion, which was the cause of the dermatological examination and hospitalisation for surgical removal. The melanocytic lesion was removed by radical excision and a surgical field of 0.5 cm in all directions, followed by histological verification, which found the presence of cutaneous melanoma with a tumour thickness of 3 mm. A re-excision was planned with an additional surgical field of 1.5 cm in all directions combined with parallel removal of a draining lymph node.
CONCLUSION: The case is indicative of two things: 1) the possible triggering of melanoma within the systemic treatment with valsartan; and 2) the necessity for optimization of melanoma surgery within the one-step melanoma surgery, which in this case would result in a single surgical excision of the primary lesion, with an operational security field of 2 cm in all directions, along with the removal of a draining lymph node.
Rediscovery of Chamisso’s type specimens of Hawaiian Psychotria (Rubiaceae, Psychotrieae) in the herbarium of the Natural History Museum, Vienna
Authors: Berger Andreas
Published: December 2018

Between 1815 and 1818, Count Nikolai Romanzoff funded an expedition of the Russian brigRurik. Besides their primary goal to discover the Northeast Passage, their aim was to collect scientific specimens, for which the botanist Adelbert von Chamisso and the entomologist Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz were commissioned. On the Hawaiian Islands, they collected two unknown endemic species that Chamisso and Diederich Franz Leonhard von Schlechtendal later described asCoffeakaduanaandC.mariniana, both now assigned to the large and complex genusPsychotria(Rubiaceae, Psychotrieae). The private herbarium of Chamisso is now preserved at the Komarov Botanical Institute, St. Petersburg (LE). In the late 1930s, their type collections ofPsychotriakaduanaandP.marinianawere sent out on loan for study, but got lost in transit during the aftermath of the Second World War. No extant original material was found during a subsequent revision of HawaiianPsychotriaand both species were consequently neotypified. These neotypes are superseded by the here-reported rediscovery of original material in the herbarium of Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher preserved at the Natural History Museum, Vienna (W) and these specimens are here designated as lectotypes. As both are rather fragmentary, the former neotypes are additionally designated as epitypes. In addition, some peculiarities and details of the expedition and its collections are noted.
Genetic signatures of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the Ambiguous silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus (Teleostei, Stromateidae)
Authors: Li Yuan , Lin Long-Shan , Gao Tian-Xiang
Published: December 2018

Pampusargenteus is a broadly exploited pelagic fish species, commonly misidentified as Pampusechinogaster. Genetic variation and population structure in Pampusargenteus was studied based on seven microsatellite loci. The observed high average allele number, heterozygosity values, and polymorphism information content of P.argenteus suggested high genetic diversity. No population genetic differentiation was detected based on the results of pairwise Fst, three-dimensional factorial correspondence analysis (3D-FCA) and STRUCTURE analysis, which implied continuous gene flow. Wilcoxon signed rank tests did not indicate significant heterozygosity excess, and recent genetic bottleneck events were not detected. Coupled with previous mitochondrial DNA results, the findings presented here indicate that high gene flow characterizes the current phylogeographic pattern of the species.
Enantiomorphs and taxonomy of three conchological species in flat-shelled snails Trichocathaica (Pulmonata, Camaenidae)
Authors: Páll-Gergely Barna , Hunyadi András , Asami Takahiro
Published: December 2018

Biomodal (flat/globular or slender/tall) shell/body shapes are associated with dichotomous (simultaneous reciprocal or non-reciprocal) modes of copulation behaviour in the fully-shelled stylommatophoran snails. In flat-shelled groups that copulate simultaneously reciprocally, no study has found an example of enantiomorphism that persists within a population. However, the original description of a flat camaenid snail,Trichocathaicaamphidroma, noted that it is dextral- or sinistral-coiled. By examination of shell surface morphology, we found that shell specimens classified as those of this species include shells of three different morphological species. Namely,T.amphidroma,Trichocathaicavestita(Pilsbry, 1934),comb. n., andTrichocathaicamacrosquamataPáll-Gergely,sp. n.In each of the three species, both sinistral and dextral shells have been collected from presumably one area. Ethanol-fixed soft bodies of single dextral and sinistral individuals ofT.vestita, which were available for the first time for interchiral comparison of genital morphology in the present genus, differed from each other in the pattern of penial microsculpture. They might represent enantiomorphs that have recently diverged in allopatry instead of enantiomorphism within a population or species. However, their shell and genital differences were not discrete enough to divide them taxonomically into two morphologically distinct species. Our results demonstrate the importance of evaluating individual variation relative to differences between incipient species in penial morphology, especially between conchologically indistinguishable enantiomorphs in the flat groups. We revise the taxonomy of the genusTrichocathaicaincluding the above-mentioned new species, andTrichocathaicaputeolataPáll-Gergely,sp. n.
Intellectual Property Law and Public Sponsorship of R & D in a Schumpeterian Growth Model with Fundamental and Applied R & D
Authors: Gray Elie
Published: December 2018

Dans le cadre d’un modèle de croissance Schumpétérien, nous étudions comment le droit de la propriété intellectuelle et le financement public des activités de recherche et de développement peuvent permettre de donner des incitations adaptées simultanément à la recherche fondamentale et à la recherche appliquée. Nous développons un modèle distinguant ces deux types d’activités de recherche en fusionnant les modèles séminaux de Romer [1990] et de Aghion et Howitt [1992] ; ainsi, l’accumulation de connaissance découle conjointement d’une série d’inventions (accumulation horizontale de connaissance résultant de l’activité de recherche fondamentale) et d’une succession d’innovations qui s’appuient sur chacune de ces inventions (accumulation verticale de connaissance résultant de l’activité de recherche appliquée). Dès lors, nous étudions une économie décentralisée dans laquelle les investissements dans la recherche fondamentale ne sont pas entravés par le mécanisme de destruction créatrice grâce à un droit de la propriété intellectuelle qui induit une répartition des profits entre tout inventeur et les innovateurs qui lui succèdent. Nous montrons que la mise en place d’incitations optimales à la recherche fondamentale requiert non seulement un droit de la propriété intellectuelle assurant un transfert suffisant de profits des innovateurs vers les inventeurs, mais également un soutien financier public de la recherche, sous forme de subventions destinées à la recherche fondamentale mais aussi à la recherche appliquée.
Les milieux judiciaires dans la Résistance et à la Libération
Authors: Israël Liora
Published: December 2018

La Résistance est un moment d’incertitude pour les professions judiciaires. Le cas de René Parodi illustre l’impossible alliance de l’homme d’appareil avec le résistant engagé dans l’illégalité. Si la « famille » judiciaire rejoint le combat de la Résistance contre l’illégitimité de Vichy, le traitement réservé aux deux professions diverge à la Libération : sévérité pour les magistrats marqués par leurs compromissions, indulgence pour les avocats auréolés par leur image de défenseurs de résistants.
La transition démocratique française après la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Authors: Salas Denis
Published: December 2018

En cet après-guerre, la paix revient mais la violence imprègne encore la société. À côté de l’euphorie de la Libération, la volonté de châtier les traîtres ne trouve pas d’emblée une forme juridique. En même temps qu’une épuration légale se poursuit une épuration sauvage. Tel le paradoxe central de cette justice transitionnelle qui demeure avant tout politique : canaliser la vengeance d’une population mais aussi légitimer le nouveau pouvoir, retrouver le fil perdu de la légalité républicaine et refonder l’État.
Rendre une justice politique : l’exemple des chambres civiques de la Seine (1945-1951)
Authors: Simonin Anne
Published: December 2018

Avec la loi du 28 août 1944 instituant le crime d’indignité nationale, sanctionné par la peine de dégradation nationale, les juristes de la Résistance s’inscrivent en rupture avec le principe fondamental de non-rétroactivité de la loi pénale au nom du « rétablissement de la légalité républicaine ». En jugeant l’« indigne », les chambres civiques de la Seine (1945-1951) illustrent le problème de toute justice politique : l’inévitable transformation, dans un État de droit en transition, de la loi criminelle en loi morale.
Histoire d’une conversion : les magistrats résistants après la Libération au service de la réaffirmation de la nouvelle raison d’État
Authors: Bancaud Alain
Published: December 2018

Les magistrats prennent de plus en plus de distance à l’égard de Vichy et développent des pratiques qui rendent des services à des résistants. Pratiques qui, à la Libération, ont toutefois beaucoup de mal à être consacrées officiellement comme des faits de résistance tant qu’elles sont restées judiciaires. Bien que minoritaires, les magistrats reconnus comme résistants jouent, après la Libération, un rôle décisif mais opposé à celui qu’ils avaient tenu sous Vichy. Alors que le nouvel État républicain voit son monopole de la justice violemment concurrencé par une épuration « sauvage », il ne s’agit pas de développer des pratiques de dissidence inaugurant l’avènement d’une justice indépendante hors de l’État ou en surplomb de l’État, mais de réimposer la justice dans l’État et d’organiser l’épuration d’une magistrature d’État. La conversion est ingrate : les magistrats résistants sont critiqués de toutes parts. S’ils sont si peu apparents, ce n’est donc pas seulement à cause des divisions politiques qui les traversent et s’exacerbent avec la guerre froide. C’est aussi en raison du rôle auquel ils sont appelés et se prêtent juste après la Libération et même au-delà.
Instilling the Value of Reading Literature Through Student-Led Book Discussion Groups
Authors: Butell Sue S. , O’Donovan Patrice , Taylor Jana Doughty
Published: December 2018

With the desire to instill the value of lifelong reading, nursing faculty and a librarian developed a student-led book discussion group as an innovative teaching strategy for a senior seminar course. Inclusion of the librarian was unique and influenced the shape and rigor of the assignment. In this assignment, students chose one of the faculty-selected books, researched its author(s), read relevant professional book reviews, and developed questions for their peer discussion groups. Student and faculty responses were positive and clearly demonstrated the benefits of this assignment for students’ personal development and professional growth.
Long-Term Outcome of a Silicone Expander for Brown's Syndrome
Authors: Keskinbora Kadircan H
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Assessment of the long-term outcome of a silicone tendon expander for Brown's syndrome.

Patients and Methods: Records of 22 eyes of 16 patients with the diagnosis of Brown's syndrome were reviewed. Patients who had previous superior oblique (SO) muscle surgery or previous or concurrent surgery on another muscle were not included. The average follow-up period was 58.4 months. The SO tendon was cut approximately 5 mm away from the nasal border of the superior rectus muscle. The expander, which varied from 5 to 7 mm in length, was placed in the tenotomized SO muscle tendon.

Results: Elevation in adduction was obtained in all patients who underwent surgery. One eye had undercorrection, one eye had limitation in downgaze, and three eyes had overcorrection postoperatively. Six eyes had a severe postoperative inflammatory reaction that was successfully treated with topical corticosteroids and oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Six eyes had foreign body sensation that resolved in time. In two eyes, consecutive SO palsy developed. One eye was reoperated for extrusion and the silicone bands were removed from two eyes; these eyes improved in 2 to 4 months.

Conclusion: Silicone expander surgery is a challenging procedure used to treat Brown's syndrome. No cyclotorsion occurred after this surgery. This procedure is reversible and repeatable. A learning period is required to obtain the skill needed to avoid entering the sub-Tenon space.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2007;44:163169.
Behavioral Activation and Rehabilitation
Authors: Wallbridge Harold R. , Furer Patricia , Lionberg Carrie
Published: December 2018

Rehabilitation from a mental or physical disorder can become complicated when patients feel overwhelmed by symptoms and unable to make progress. Newer behavioral approaches have been developed that can help these patients. This article describes behavioral activation techniques designed to address depression.
What Is the Role of e-Technology in Mental Health Services and Psychiatric Research?
Authors: Cleary Michelle , Walter Garry , Matheson Sandra
Published: December 2018

In this article, the role of e-technology is explored, with an emphasis on the advantages and disadvantages of its use for health care and mental health research. E-technology is broadly understood to include the Internet and related information technologies, and in recent years, its use has grown rapidly. The Internet is a major source of health information, and there is potential to deliver enhanced services through this medium. In addition, e-technology's role in future mental health service delivery and research will continue to expand as increased numbers of consumers, caregivers, health professionals, and the general population go online, particularly as the technology is refined and made even more user friendly.
Traumatic Dislocation and Successful Re-enclavation of an Artisan Phakic IOL With Analysis of the Endothelium
Authors: Ioannidis A , Nartey I , Little B C
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To present a case of traumatic dislocation of an Ophtec Artisan phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) and an analysis of the endothelial cell count.

METHODS: The patient presented with blurred vision in his left eye after sustaining a brow laceration. History included uncomplicated bilateral implantation of an Artisan PIOL to correct myopia.

RESULTS: The brow laceration was sutured and topical dexamethasone 0.1% qid was prescribed. One week after presentation, the PIOL was relocated. Postoperatively, endothelial cell count analysis was performed in both eyes.

CONCLUSIONS: A decrease in the hexagonality of the endothelial cells was noted in both eyes, which was substantially lower in the injured eye. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:102-103.]
Epi-LASIK: Histological Findings of Separated Epithelial Sheets 24 Hours After Treatment
Authors: Katsanevaki Vikentia J , Naoumidi Irini I , Kalyvianaki Maria I , Pallikaris Ioannis G
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To report the histological findings of four eyes of three patients who underwent epi-LASIK treatment for the correction of low myopia.

METHODS: The epithelial sheets were harvested either immediately after separation (one eye) or were accidentally dislocated and harvested from the operative eyes 24 hours after treatment (three eyes). All sheets underwent optical and transmission electron microscopy.

RESULTS: Histological evaluation showed that the majority of the epithelial cells were morphologically normal in all examined specimens.

CONCLUSIONS: Histological examination of specimens in four eyes showed that 24 hours after mechanical separation the epithelial cells' morphology was close to normal. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:151-154.]
A Standardized Drawing Scheme to Document Corneal Changes Following Refractive Corneal Surgery
Authors: Bühren Jens , Kohnen Thomas
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To present a systematic and standardized drawing scheme for unambiguous and reproducible documentation of corneal changes after incisional techniques, coagulative procedures, and lamellar and surface ablation excimer surgery.

METHODS: Standardized symbols in five colors representing specific corneal conditions after incisional surgery (eg, radial keratotomy, astigmatic keratotomy), coagulative procedures (eg, laser thermokeratoplasty, conductive keratoplasty), surface ablation (eg, photorefractive keratectomy, laser subepithelial keratomileusis, epi-LASIK), and LASIK are used to record corneal changes in frontal and sectional views.

RESULTS: Corneal changes following refractive corneal surgery were documented.

CONCLUSIONS: The drawing scheme permits specific features to be followed in the clinic in a clear and unambiguous manner. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:166-171.]
A Correction Formula for the Real Intraocular Pressure After LASIK for the Correction of Myopic Astigmatism
Authors: Kohlhaas Markus , Spoerl Eberhard , Boehm Andreas G , Pollack Katharina
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To create a correction formula to determine the real intraocular pressure (10P) after LASIK considering the altered corneal thickness, corneal curvature, and corneal stability.

METHODS: This prospective clinical trial comprised 101 eyes of 59 patients (34 women and 25 men) that underwent LASIK with a mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction of -6.3±2.17 diopters (D) (-3.0 to -11.5 D). Mean patient age was 32 ±9 years. Preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively, I OP (by GoIdmann applanation tonometry), keratometry (by topography), and central corneal thickness (CCT) (by ultrasound pachymetry) were evaluated. These parameters were measured in all patients between 8 and 11 o'clock in the morning.

RESULTS: Due to the LASIK procedure, IOP was reduced from 16.5±2.1 mmHg (range: 12 to 22 mmHg) to 12.9±1.9 mmHg (range: 8 to 16 mmHg). Multiple linear regression analysis of the IOP values before and after LASIK showed a significant correlation between the measured IOP and CCT and keratometry values (R2=0.631; P<.001). After LASIK, the biomechanical bending strength of the cornea is reduced by the cut so that the measured IOP must be additionally corrected by 0.75 mmHg. An equation containing all three changes is given: IOP (real) = IOP (measured) + (540-CCT)/71 + (43 - K-value)/2.7 + 0.75 mmHg.

CONCLUSIONS: Intraocular pressure measurements after LASIK for the correction of myopia are inaccurate as a consequence of changes in CCT, corneal curvature, and corneal flap stability. After LASIK, the measured IOP should be corrected to avoid false low IOP applanation readings. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:263-267.]
Accuracy of the WASCA Aberrometer Refraction Compared to Manifest Refraction in Myopia
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z , Archer Timothy J , Couch Darren
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of myopic refraction by a single measurement using the Wavefront Supported Custom Ablation (WASCA) aberrometer (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany).

METHODS: We retrospectively compared the refractive errors obtained by manifest refraction and wavefront refraction (WASCA) in 50 eyes of 25 consecutive myopic patients undergoing laser refractive surgery. The sphere ranged from -1.00 to -8.25 diopters (D) and cylinder from 0 to -3.75 D. WASCA measurements under cycloplegia were made and WASCA refractions calculated for a 6-mm analysis zone using the Seidel method within the WASCA. We used the manifest refraction as our best estimate of the true refractive error, therefore accuracy was defined as the difference between manifest refraction and that of the WASCA. Correlation coefficients and mean vector errors between manifest and WASCA refraction were calculated.

RESULTS: High correlation was shown between manifest and WASCA refractions, with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.97, 0.85, and 0.79 for M, J180, and J45, respectively. Mean power vector error (standard deviation) was 0.22 D (0.39), +0.03 D (0.21), and +0.03 D (0.13) for M, J180, and J45, respectively. Total dioptric power vector error was 0.43 D with 74% eyes within 0.50 D.

CONCLUSIONS: When measuring normal myopic eyes, the concordance between manifest and WASCA refractions was found on average to be high; however, outlier measurements occurred. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:268-274.]
Biomechanical Model of Corneal Transplantation
Authors: Fernández D Cabrera , Niazy A M , Kurtz R M , Djotyan G P , Juhasz T
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Refractive consequences of corneal transplants are analyzed using corneal biomechanical models assuming homogeneous and in homogeneous stiffness distributions across the cornea. Additionally, refractive effects of grafts combined with volume removal procedures are also evaluated to develop methods to reduce postoperative refractive management of patients.

METHODS: Refinements of a two-dimensional finite element model are applied to simulate the biomechanical and refractive effects of different corneal transplant procedures: anterior lamellar keratoplasty, posterior lamellar keratoplasty, and penetrating keratoplasty. The models are based on a nonlinearly elastic, isotropic formulation. Predictions are compared with published clinical data.

RESULTS: The model simulating the penetrating keratoplasty procedure predicts more change in the postoperative corneal curvature than models simulating anterior lamellar keratoplasty or posterior lamellar keratoplasty procedures. When a lenticle-shaped tissue with a central thickness of 50 microns and a diameter of 4 mm is removed from the anterior corneal surface along with the anterior lamellar keratoplasty or posterior lamellar keratoplasty, the models predict a refractive correction of-8.6and -8.9 diopters, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: Simulations indicate that a posterior lamellar keratoplasty procedure is preferable for obtaining a better corneal curvature profile, eliminating the need for specific secondary treatments. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:293-302.]
Evaluation of Pupil Dynamics After Implantation of Artisan Phakic Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Bootsma Sander J , Tahzib Nayyirih G , Eggink Fred A G J , de Brabander John , Nuijts Rudy M M A
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare pre- and postoperative horizontal and vertical pupil diameters after horizontal Artisan phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) (Ophtec BV, Groningen, The Netherlands) implantation for correction of myopia.

METHODS: The pre- and postoperative scotopic pupil diameters measured by the Colvard pupi I l?mete r (Oasis Medical, Glendora, Calif) were compared in 71 eyes after Artisan PIOL implantation (Artisan Colvard group). Analysis of pupil shape (vertical vs horizontal diameter, V/H ratio) after horizontal Artisan PIOL implantation was performed with the Procyon pupi I l?mete r (Procyon Instruments Ltd, London, United Kingdom) in 121 eyes (Artisan Procyon group) under scotopic, mesopic-low, and mesopic-high conditions and compared to an age- and refraction -matched control group of 121 eyes of refractive surgery candidates (Procyon control group).

RESULTS: After horizontal Artisan PIOL implantation, the mean horizontal pupil diameter decreased from 6.23?0.70 mm preoperatively to 5.34?0.68 mm postoperatively in the Artisan Colvard group (P<.01). The mean horizontal scotopic diameter was 5.60?0.66 mm, the mesopic-low diameter was 4. 94 ?0.71 mm, and the mesopic-high diameter was 3. 98 ?0.54 mm for the Artisan Procyon group. The mean horizontal scotopic diameter was 6.29 ?0.91 mm, the mesopic-low diameter was 5.40 ?0.96 mm, and the mesopic-high diameter was 4. 16 ?0.80 mm in the Procyon control group. A significant increase was noted in V/H ratio under scotopic, mesopic-low, and mesopic-high conditions from 1.02, 1.02, and 1.01, respectively, in the Procyon control group to 1.17, 1.12, and 1.06, respectively, in the Artisan Procyon group (P<.01).

CONCLUSIONS: Horizontal pupil size was significantly decreased after horizontal Artisan PIOL implantation and might be attributed to a mechanical restriction of the iris in the horizontal meridian. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:367-371.]
Retreatment of LASIK
Authors: Sharma Namrata , Balasubramanya Ramamurthy , Sinha Rajesh , Titiyal Jeewan S , Vajpayee Rasik B
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To review the indications, techniques, and results of retreatment LASIK.

METHODS: Review of the literature and the authors' experience.

RESULTS: Patient selection is the key to successful LASIK enhancement. The enhancement procedure should generally be undertaken 3 months after the initial LASIK procedure. Re lifting of the flap may be done easily within 1 year of previous LASIK surgery. A new LASIK flap is required in cases with previously complicated LASIK. LASIK retreatment by lifting the flap is an effective and safe procedure. Overall improvement is seen in uncorrected visual acuity (^ 20/20 and 5* 20/40) and postoperative spherical equivalent refraction within ?0.5 D and ?1.0 D.

CONCLUSIONS: LASIK retreatment is an effective modality to treat regressions and residual refractive errors. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:396-401.]
Prophylactic Perioperative Antiviral Therapy for LASIK in Patients With Inactive Herpetic Keratitis
Authors: Silva Ma Victoria de Rojas , Díez-Feijóo Elío , Javaloy Jaime , Sánchez-Salorio Manuel
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To report the outcome of LASIK in patients with inactive herpetic keratitis in which perioperative antiviral prophylaxis was used to prevent the recurrence of ocular herpes.

METHODS: We report an uncontrolled series of five patients with inactive herpetic keratitis for at least 1 year before surgery in whom LASIK was successfully performed. All patients showed normal topography, pachymetry, and corneal sensitivity with no central corneal scarring. Perioperative prophylaxis was used in each case with oral va !acyclovir and topical acyclovir ointment.

RESULTS: None of the eyes developed reactivation of herpetic keratitis during follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that perioperative antiviral prophylaxis may protect the cornea from herpes simplex virus reactivation after LASIK. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:404-406.]
NeuroVision Treatment for Low Myopia Following LASIK Regression
Authors: Lim Kooi Ling , Fam Han Bor
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate a novel non-surgical method for improving vision in a refractive surgery patient.

METHODS: A 45-year-old man who had undergone LASIK 5 years previously presented with blurred distance vision. Unaided vision in the right eye was 20/32'2 and 20/20 in the left eye. He enrolled for NeuroVision treatment (Neuro Vision Pte Ltd, Singapore), a computer-based interface in which a repetitive set of visual excerises is performed for 10 to 12 weeks.

RESULTS: After 35 sessions, unaided visual acuity in the right eye was 20/16"3 and 20/20"1 in the left eye, representing 2.8 lines of improvement in the right eye and 1.6 lines in the left eye.

CONCLUSIONS: NeuroVision, a noninvasive treatment based on the concept of perceptual learning, is a benefit in cases in which surgical enhancement is not recommended. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:406-408.]
Photorefractive Keratectomy in Megalophthalmos Anterior
Authors: Gallyas Éva , Hidasi Vanda , Ferincz István , Kolozsvári Lajos
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for the correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism in megalophthalmos anterior.

METHODS: Four eyes of two brothers with megalophthalmos anterior were treated with PRK. In patient 1, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) was 20/20 in both eyes with a refraction of -4.50 -4.50 x 180? in the right eye and -3.75 -3.00 x 175? in the left eye. In patient 2, BSCVA was 20/25 in both eyes with a refraction of -4.25 x 166? in the right eye and +0.50 -4.00 x 175? in the left eye.

RESULTS: Topographic map, slit-lamp, ultrasound biomicroscopy, and postoperative course (no progression), supported with vectorial analysis, demonstrated megalophthalmos anterior. During 24-month follow-up, mild haze was observed and BSCVA was maintained.

CONCLUSIONS: Myopia and astigmatism are often observed in this type of nonprogressive corneal dysgenesis. Based on this fact and our results, we recommend PRK in cases of megalophthalmos anterior. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:408-411.]
Quantitative Vascular Density Changes in Choriocapillaris Around CNV After Anti-VEGF Treatment: Dark Halo
Authors: Rispoli Marco , Savastano Maria Cristina , Lumbroso Bruno
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

The authors have observed and quantified choriocapillaris vascular density changes (“dark halo”) around choroidal neovascularization (CNV) before and after anti-vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) injections by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Forty-three flow density areas of 11 eyes with CNV were evaluated before and after treatment in this observational case series. Four cases were CNV type 1 and seven were CNV type 2. All the patients were evaluated by a spectral-domain OCT system. The scans were registered at baseline before injection, between 6 days and 14 days after injection, and monthly thereafter. The dark halo was automated assessed by Image J software.

RESULTS:

The authors observed a fluctuation of the dark halo around the CNV, the dark halo being larger in 95.4% of the cases before treatment and decreasing after injection. Correspondingly, the mean CNV area decreased in 83.7% of the cases after injection. The mean CNV area before treatment was 0.44 mm
2
(± 0.40 mm
2
) and 0.34 mm
2
(± 0.29 mm
2
) after treatment. The dark halo mean area before treatment was 0.34 mm
2
(± 0.27 mm
2
) and 0.25 mm
2
(± 0.23 mm
2
) after treatment. CNV area and dark halo area reductions after injection were statistically significant (
P
< .001). CNV-to-halo ratio was statistically significant, decreasing after injection (
P
< .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

OCTA is a noninvasive vascular imaging tool able to detect CNV flow and features. OCTA is also suitable to highlight choriocapillaris vascular density changes around neovascularization after treatment. The dark halo around CNV seen by OCTA showed a fluctuation after anti-VEGF treatment. These results might be useful in clinical practice.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2018;49:918–924.]