bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sciaphila sugimotoi (Triuridaceae), a new mycoheterotrophic plant from Ishigaki Island, Japan
Authors: SUETSUGU KENJI , NISHIOKA TATSUKI
Published: July 2017

A new species of Sciaphila (Triuridaceae), S. sugimotoi Suetsugu & T. Nishioka, is described and illustrated from Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. The new species is similar to S. arfakiana in having a stipitate globose to ellipsoid knob without hairs in apices of all male perianth segments. However, it is clearly distinguishable by its shorter pedicel, filament-connective not extended and thick stem. A key to the Japanese Sciaphila based on the whole flower characteristics and stylar characteristics, are provided for easy identification of these rare mycoheterotrophic plants.
Lectotypification of the name Ardisia stipitata Fletcher (Primulaceae)
Authors: CHATAN WANNACHAI , PROMPROM WILAWAN
Published: July 2017

The typification of the name Ardisia stipitata is discussed. The protologue of the name and the original material are evaluated. A specimen from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K) is designated as the lectotype.
A new species of Fimbristylis (Cyperaceae) from Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: SHAIKH MUJAFFAR , KHAN M.A. WADOOD , TIWARI ARJUN PRASAD
Published: July 2017

A new species Fimbristylis pandeyana Mujaffar, Wad.Khan &A.P. Tiwari has been described and illustrated from Madhya Pradesh state of India. Key to distinguish new species and its allied species has also been provided.
Modulating Children’s Manual Preference Through Spontaneous Nondominant Hand Use
Authors: Garcia Juliana Maia , Teixeira Luis Augusto
Published: July 2017

We evaluated the effect of repeated use of the nonpreferred hand on young children’s manual preference by positioning toys in the left hemifield in egocentric coordinates to induce right-handed 4–5-year-olds to use their left hands spontaneously. We induced motor activities in the laterally biased workspace by presenting tasks in a ludic context over different days, similar to their daily kindergarten experience. Preceding and following these lateralized experiences, the children were tested on a task requiring reaching, grasping, and inserting cards into a slot. In the 1-day retention assessment, we found that repeated use of the nonpreferred left hand in the previous phase led to increased use of the left hand to perform the probing task. Following 14 days of rest, the children with induced left-hand experiences used exclusively their left hands to manipulate the leftmost card positions. We propose that repeated use of the nonpreferred left hand leads to increased confidence to plan left-handed movements for subsequent tasks.
Garment opening position evaluation using kinesiological analysis of dressing activities: case study of physically disabled people with scoliosis (PDPS)
Authors: Hong Yan , Zeng Xianyi , Bruniaux Pascal , Curteza Antonela , Stelian Maier , Chen Yan
Published: July 2017

Garment opening is strongly related to the daily life quality of physically disabled people with scoliosis (PDPSs). This research proposes a kinesiological evaluation method to investigate the influence of garment opening positions in dressing activities of PDPSs. For this purpose, dressing activities are firstly deconstructed into several motions. The performance of different garment opening positions is represented by the performance of the wearer carrying out different motions in dressing activities. The proposed evaluation method is based on the Completion Level (CL), which includes both physical and psychological indicators: Motion Standard Time (MST), Motion Difficulty Degree (MDD) and Motion Independence Degree (MID). MST is a physical indicator regarding the standard time to complete a motion in the dressing activities. It reflects the physical autonomy of the wearer in the dressing activity. MDD and MID are psychological indicators, which are developed to evaluate the psychological independence and difficulty of dressing motions respectively. Subjective evaluation is used to obtain data regarding MDD and MID. Due to the fact that there is always vagueness and uncertainly in the subjective evaluation, fuzzy set theory is applied to the data process regarding MDD and MID. A case study is presented to explain the implications of the proposed method. The case study indicated that garment opening positions have an influence on the dressing activity. PDPS will benefit from a well-constructed garment, and a proper positioning of the opening, in terms of both physical and psychological aspects.
John Dewey, God, and the religious education of the American public
Authors: Myers William R.
Published: July 2017

American philosopher John Dewey (1859–1953) wanted to change the way we understand the world. Born just prior to our Civil War, Dewey is a telling figure as the authority of a premodern day gave way to the progressive promise of modernity. In this regard, Dewey's family, church, college, academic, and peer relationships are considered. The article notes the “new” pedagogy of the Laboratory School (founded by Dewey and his wife at the University of Chicago in 1894), his early Christian years, and attraction to and struggle with evolutionary science's rational approach to experience. That struggle culminated with Dewey's rejection of theistic philosophical arguments and a withdrawal from the institutional church on his family's arrival in Chicago. We see how an administrative argument over the leadership of the Laboratory School took him to New York City and Columbia (1904). By this time he was acknowledged as a founder of the Progressive and Pragmatist movements. A self-described liberal humanist, he continued his involvement with social reform and the national politics of his day. A public argument as to the reality of God led Dewey to repackage religious faith as the possibility of a nation's scientific embrace of thoughtful, well-educated, participatory democracy. His resulting book, A Common Faith (1934), is considered. How his peer, Reinhold Niebuhr, might differ serves here as a contrast to Dewey's understanding.
Evaluation of Noise Exposure Secondary to Wind Noise in Cyclists
Authors: Seidman Michael D. , Wertz Anna G. , Smith Matthew M. , Jacob Steve , Ahsan Syed F.
Published: July 2017

Objective

Determine if the noise levels of wind exposure experienced by cyclists reach levels that could contribute to noise‐induced hearing loss.

Study Design

Industrial lab research.

Setting

Industrial wind tunnel.

Subjects and Methods

A commercial‐grade electric wind tunnel was used to simulate different speeds encountered by a cyclist. A single cyclist was used during the simulation for audiometric measurements. Microphones attached near the ears of the cyclist were used to measure the sound (dB sound pressure level) experienced by the cyclist. Loudness levels were measured with the head positioned at 15‐degree increments from 0 degrees to 180 degrees relative to the oncoming wind at different speeds (10‐60 mph).

Results

Wind noise ranged from 84.9 dB at 10 mph and increased proportionally with speed to a maximum of 120.3 dB at 60 mph. The maximum of 120.3 dB was measured at the downwind ear when the ear was 90 degrees away from the wind.

Conclusions

Wind noise experienced by a cyclist is proportional to the speed and the directionality of the wind current. Turbulent air flow patterns are observed that contribute to increased sound exposure in the downwind ear. Consideration of ear deflection equipment without compromising sound awareness for cyclists during prolonged rides is advised to avoid potential noise trauma. Future research is warranted and can include long‐term studies including dosimetry measures of the sound and yearly pre‐ and postexposure audiograms of cyclists to detect if any hearing loss occurs with long‐term cycling.
Neck and Upper Limb Dysfunction in Patients following Neck Dissection: Looking beyond the Shoulder
Authors: Gane Elise M. , O’Leary Shaun P. , Hatton Anna L. , Panizza Benedict J. , McPhail Steven M.
Published: July 2017

Objective

To measure patient‐perceived upper limb and neck function following neck dissection and to investigate potential associations between clinical factors, symptoms, and function.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional.

Setting

Two tertiary hospitals in Brisbane, Australia.

Subjects and Methods

Inclusion criteria: patients treated with neck dissection (2009‐2014). Exclusion criteria: aged <18 years, accessory nerve or sternocleidomastoid sacrifice, previous neck dissection, preexisting shoulder/neck injury, and inability to provide informed consent (cognition, insufficient English). Primary outcomes were self‐reported function of the upper limb (Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand) and neck (Neck Disability Index). Secondary outcomes included demographics, oncological management, self‐efficacy, and pain. Generalized linear models were prepared to examine relationships between explanatory variables and self‐reported function.

Results

Eighty‐nine participants (male n = 63, 71%; median age, 62 years; median 3 years since surgery) reported mild upper limb and neck dysfunction (median [quartile 1, quartile 3] scores of 11 [3, 32] and 12 [4, 28], respectively). Significant associations were found between worse upper limb function and longer time since surgery (coefficient, 1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01‐3.51), having disease within the thyroid (17.40; 2.37‐32.44), postoperative radiation therapy (vs surgery only) (13.90; 6.67‐21.14), and shoulder pain (0.65; 0.44‐0.85). Worse neck function was associated with metastatic cervical lymph nodes (coefficient, 6.61; 95% CI, 1.14‐12.08), shoulder pain (0.19; 0.04‐0.34), neck pain (0.34; 0.21‐0.47), and symptoms of neuropathic pain (0.61; 0.25‐0.98).

Conclusion

Patients can experience upper limb and neck dysfunction following nerve‐preserving neck dissection. The upper quadrant as a whole should be considered when assessing rehabilitation priorities after neck dissection.
Adsorptive removal of Ni2+ and Cd2+ from wastewater using a green longan hull adsorbent
Authors: Guo Xingmei , Tang Sihan , Song Yan , Nan Junmin
Published: July 2017

The adsorptive removal of Ni2+ and Cd2+ at concentrations of approximately 50 mg L−1 in wastewater is investigated using an agricultural adsorbent, longan hull, and the adsorptive mechanism is characterized. The maximum adsorption capacity of approximately 4.19 mg g−1 Cd2+ was obtained under the optimized conditions of room temperature, pH 5.0, and a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:30 in approximately 15 min. For Ni2+, the maximum adsorption capacity of approximately 3.96 mg g−1 was obtained at pH 4.7 in approximately 20 min. The adsorption kinetics for both metal ions on the longan hull can be described by a pseudo second-order rate model and are well fitted to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption mechanism of the longan hull to Ni2+ and Cd2+ ions is shown to be a monolayer adsorption of metal ions onto the absorbent surface. Thereinto, the longan hull adsorbent contains N–H, C–H, C=O, and C=C functional groups that can form ligands when loaded with Ni2+ and Cd2+, which reduces the fluorescence of the dried longan hull material.
Planetary urbanization: An urban theory for our time?
Authors: Ruddick Sue , Peake Linda , Tanyildiz Gökbörü S , Patrick Darren
Published: July 2017

In our engagement with Neil Brenner and Christian Schmid’s thesis on planetary urbanization we argue that, while they have successfully marked some important limits of mainstream thinking on the urban, their privileging of epistemology cannot produce an urban theory for our time. Engaging in a symptomatic reading of their work, and with a focus on the implications of their limited mobilization of social ontology—or Lefebvre’s ontology of the everyday—we ask what is occluded in planetary urbanization. In particular, we explore three areas of concern: the urban as the grounds for difference, centrality and the everyday; the omission of subjects of and occlusion of subjectivity; and the occlusion of a constitutive outside and its political capacities to remake the urban.
Management of indigenous knowledge in Sri Lanka, with special reference to indigenous medicine
Authors: Padmasiri G. R.
Published: July 2017

Communities in Sri Lanka own a remarkable fund of under-utilized, under-appreciated, and unidentified indigenous knowledge and skills, which mostly become obsolete or extinct due to various reasons. The indigenous knowledge (IK) system, particularly in medicine, mainly remains of a tacit nature. Therefore, managing indigenous knowledge of indigenous medicine is a great challenge. It is believed that economic independence and sustainability can be achieved through a hybrid system of development by amalgamating existing IK and modern technologies. The management of IK will revalidate the dying cultures and promote community-based involvement in development programmes of a country. The objectives of the study were to identify existing formats of IK on indigenous medicine, available policies to manage IK of indigenous medicine, and barriers to manage IK of the indigenous medicine in Sri Lanka. Government institutions such as departments, universities, museums, and libraries have a moral responsibility to identify, collect, preserve, and disseminate indigenous knowledge for the benefit of the local and global community. The selected institutional heads and librarians of the most relevant government institutes in the country represented the target population of the study and the data collection was done through documentary survey, interviews and observations. The study identified much valuable tangible and intangible IK of indigenous medicine, scattered throughout the country. Ola-leaf manuscripts are identified as the basic written format of IK of indigenous medicine, while the rest of the knowledge remains as personnel memories. Government intervention, and formulation and implementation of policies and strategies for the management of IK, were the fundamental recommendations made based on findings of the study, whereas active collaboration among related institutes was considered the second. The potential of information and communication technologies was recognized in the process of IK management.
Exploring School Victimization and Weapon Carrying Among Military-Connected Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth in California Schools
Authors: Pedro Kris Tunac De , Esqueda Monica Christina
Published: July 2017

Military-connected youth often experience daily stressors that affect their academic success and social and emotional development. Stressors such as multiple deployments and frequent school transitions may weaken the social ties that military-connected youth have with school communities, placing them at risk of social alienation and victimization. Within this youth population, military-connected lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth may be especially at risk of school victimization. However, to the authors’ knowledge, no empirical studies have been conducted on the school experiences of military-connected LGBT youth. Drawing from the California Healthy Kids Survey (CHKS; n = 634,978), this study explored school victimization and weapon carrying among military-connected LGBT youth and their peers. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that military connection, LGB identity, and transgender identity were associated with an increased odds of nonphysical victimization, physical violence, and weapon carrying. Military transgender youth were at an increased risk of weapon carrying (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.23, 2.16]). Future research is needed to explore risk and protective factors influencing school victimization and weapon carrying among military-connected LGBT youth.
Examining the Career Trajectories of Nonprofit Executive Leaders
Authors: Norris-Tirrell Dorothy , Rinella Jennifer , Pham Xuan
Published: July 2017

Although much has been written about the need for effective nonprofit leadership and management, less attention has been paid to the unique career paths taken by professionals who occupy the highest nonprofit staff positions. This study investigated who is serving in the role of executive leader of nonprofit organizations and the variables that may affect reaching the CEO position. Data for this research included a random sample of LinkedIn profiles of local and regional leaders from 12 national nonprofit organizations. K-modes cluster analysis and multiple regression modeling revealed clues for understanding the career trajectories of current top leaders and resulted in the development of a new typology for nonprofit executive career paths. Significant factors affecting the path to the CEO role included gender, education, age, mission-focused career, and sector-specific experience. These findings inform nonprofit professional career decision making and guide boards in the executive selection process.
Performance and Return to Sport After Achilles Tendon Repair in National Football League Players
Authors: Jack Robert A. , Sochacki Kyle R. , Gardner Stephanie S. , McCulloch Patrick C. , Lintner David M. , Cosculluela Pedro E. , Varner Kevin E. , Harris Joshua D.
Published: July 2017

Background:

Achilles tendon injuries are common in sports, including football. The purpose of this study was to determine (1) return-to-sport rate in National Football League (NFL) players following Achilles tendon repair, (2) postoperative career length and games per season, (3) pre- and postoperative performance, and (4) postoperative performance compared with control players matched by position, age, years of experience, and performance.

Methods:

Publicly available records were used to identify NFL players who underwent Achilles tendon repair and matched controls were identified. Ninety-five players (98 surgeries) were analyzed (mean age 28.2 ± 2.8 years; mean 5.5 ± 2 .8 years in NFL at time of surgery). Demographic and performance data were collected. Comparisons between case and control groups and preoperative and postoperative time points were made using paired-samples Student t tests.

Results:

Seventy-one (72.4%) players were able to return to sport in the NFL at a mean of 339.8 ± 84.8 days following surgery. Thirty-one (32%) Achilles tendon repairs were performed during training camp or preseason. Controls (3.6 ± 2.1 years) had a significantly longer NFL career ( P < .05) than players who underwent Achilles tendon repair (2.7 ± 2.1 years). There was no significant difference in games per season in subsequent seasons following surgery compared with controls. Postoperative performance scores were significantly worse ( P < .05) for running backs (RBs) (n = 4) and linebackers (LBs) (n = 12) compared to preoperative scores. LBs had significantly worse postoperative performance scores when compared to matched controls ( P < .05).

Conclusion:

Following Achilles tendon repair, less than 75% of players returned to the NFL. Postoperative career length was 1 season shorter than matched controls. No difference was observed in the number of games per season played compared to matched controls. Postoperative performance scores were significantly worse for RBs and LBs compared to preoperative and LBs had significantly worse postoperative performance when compared to matched controls.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative series.
Radio Sensors and Electric Storms: Scientific Metaphors in Media Talks
Authors: Armon Rony
Published: July 2017

Metaphors play an important role in communicating research to professional and lay audiences and are frequently used by journalists to present research in familiar terms. Previous studies of metaphors in science news have examined edited press reports and the use of metaphors by journalists. However, this study looks into the use of metaphors by scientists interviewed in live broadcasts. Using conversation analysis, interviews are explored for the insertion of metaphors by scientists or their uptake of metaphors that their hosts introduce. Metaphor use is shown to respond to the interactional context and participants’ roles in communicating the topic reported.
Effects of Goal Framing and Emotions on Perceived Threat and Willingness to Sacrifice for Climate Change
Authors: Bilandzic Helena , Kalch Anja , Soentgen Jens
Published: July 2017

This study explores discrete emotions (guilt, fear, hope) as mediators for effects of goal framing on perceived threat of climate change and willingness to sacrifice. To reconcile conflicting evidence, the study introduces and tests the distinction between gain-positive frames (positive consequences of engaging in climate protection), gain-negative frames (avoiding negative consequences when engaging in climate protection), and loss frames (negative consequences of not engaging in climate protection). Results show that gain-negative frames increase perceived threat and willingness to sacrifice, while loss frames increase them through guilt and fear. Hope is increased by a gain-positive frame but subsequently lowers both outcomes.
Mass Communication Law and Policy Research and the Values of Free Expression
Authors: Carter Edward L.
Published: July 2017

Mass communication law and policy research, including on values and theory of freedom of expression, has played an important role in Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly for decades. Mass communication law research in Quarterly reached a high point with a special issue on the First Amendment in 1992 and numerous articles in the decade that followed. A relationship is explored between First Amendment theory and structural archetypes of constitutional argument. Future research could focus on international law and contemporary challenges involving technology, surveillance and changes in democratic citizenship.
Mathematical and numerical analysis of an obstacle problem for elastic piezoelectric beams
Authors: Rodríguez-Arós Á , Cao-Rial MT
Published: July 2017

We consider a mathematical model that describes the equilibrium of an electro-elastic beam in contact with an electrically conductive foundation (an obstacle). The model is constructed by coupling the beam equation with a system of equations describing one-dimensional piezoelectricity. We state the unique weak solvability of the model as well as the continuous dependence of the weak solution with respect to the data. We also introduce a discrete scheme for which we perform numerical analysis, including convergence and error estimate results. Finally, we present numerical simulations in the study of a test problem.
Development of New Contrast Agents for Imaging Function and Metabolism by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Carvalho Alexandra , Gonçalves M Clara , Corvo M Luísa , Martins M Bárbara F
Published: July 2017

Liposomes are interesting nanosystems with a wide range of medical application. One particular application is their ability to enhance contrast in magnetic resonance images; when properly loaded with magnetic/superparamagnetic nanoparticles, this means to act as contrast agents. The design of liposomes loaded with magnetic particles, magnetoliposomes, presents a large number of possibilities depending on the application from image function to metabolism. More interesting is its double function application as theranostics (diagnostics and therapy). The synthesis, characterization, and possible medical applications of two types of magnetoliposomes are reviewed. Their performance will be compared, in particular, their efficiency as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, measured by their relaxivities r1 and r2 relating to their particular composition. One of the magnetoliposomes had 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (soy) as the main phospholipid component, with and without cholesterol, varying its phospholipid to cholesterol molar ratios. The other formulation is a long-circulating liposome composed of 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (egg), cholesterol, and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoethanolamine- N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000]. Both nanosystems were loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with different sizes and coatings.
Fampridine response in MS patients with gait impairment in a real-world setting: Need for new response criteria?
Authors: Rodriguez-Leal Francisco Alejandro , Haase Rocco , Thomas Katja , Eisele Judith Christina , Proschmann Undine , Schultheiss Thorsten , Kern Raimar , Ziemssen Tjalf
Published: July 2017

Objective:

The primary objective of this real-world study was to describe the response to fampridine and changes of gait parameters in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients’ walking disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS): 4–7) after treatment with fampridine for 2 weeks as recommended by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and compare it with the overall physician’s judgement.

Methods:

A total of 211 adult MS patients were analyzed using a multimodal gait assessment including the timed 25-foot walk test (T25FW), 2-minute walking test (2-MWT), 12-item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12), the GAITRite electronic walkway system, and the patients’ clinical global impression (CGI). Multimodal gait assessment was compared with the clinician’s impression of overall improvement after 2 weeks.

Results:

In total, 189 subjects were included, of which 133 (70.37%) were responders to fampridine (RF), according to physician’s judgement. Looking at independent multimodal gait assessment, RFs showed improvement of 12.60% in the T25FW, 19.25% in the 2-MWT, 21.12% in the MSWS-12, and 6.54% in their Functional Ambulation Profile (FAP) score. The combination of the T25FW and the MSWS-12 would offer the best sensitivity and specificity for determining response to fampridine according to both neurologists’ and patients’ classification.

Conclusion:

This study provides new information on the use of fampridine in a real-world setting with a large patient sample on the potential benefit of using more definitive responder criteria to fampridine for the clinical setting.
New Zealand migrants, polymedia and the ambivalences of staying in touch
Authors: de Bruin Joost
Published: July 2017

This article uses the concepts of polymedia and accentuated ambivalence to analyse the results of an interview study with New Zealand migrants in Australia. The participants in the study exploited the polymedia environment they have access to in relation to three areas of interest: consuming media representations of New Zealand, staying connected with people they have left behind and engaging with special interests such as music and sports from New Zealand. The article argues that in order to comprehend contemporary migrant audiences, scholars need to take into account the entire range of media that migrants have at their disposal. An expansion of the concepts of polymedia and accentuated ambivalence can facilitate this perspective. Polymedia theory is a vital tool for the analysis of how migrants manage their affective relationships with places and people through media consumption.
The role of person in subject auxiliary inversion in English wh-questions: Evidence from Korean-English bilingual children
Authors: Park-Johnson Sunny K
Published: July 2017

Aims:

The present study investigates whether Korean-English (K-E) bilingual children develop subject auxiliary inversion (SAI) in English wh-questions differently from monolingual English (M-E) speaking children. Specifically, an experimental study was designed to determine whether there is an effect of subject person in their acquisition of SAI in English wh-questions, a factor that had been suggested but not tested as a contributing factor in SAI in a previous study.

Design:

Twenty-six K-E bilingual and 20 M-E preschool-aged children were recruited for an elicitation study testing the effect of person on the use of SAI in wh-questions in English. The experiment consisted of having children interact with puppets in a guessing game that elicited first, second, and third person object- what questions in English.

Data and analysis:

Data from the experiment were analyzed through a binomial logistic regression, which accounts for the binary nature of the data (auxiliary inversion: present or absent) and identified which variables contribute significantly to the presence and absence of SAI.

Findings/conclusions:

Results indicated a significant difference between K-E and M-E groups and a significant main effect for person on SAI for the K-E group. The paper proposes that the [prs] feature is part of the bundle of features that drives the movement of the features in T to C.

Originality:

The paper contributes evidence for a link between the person feature and SAI, a link that has not been seen before for wh-question research.

Significance/implications:

The new evidence of a possible link between subject person and auxiliary inversion may open a window to new avenues for wh-question acquisition research.
Bridge to Persistence: Interactions With Educators as Social Capital for Latina/o Engineering Majors
Authors: Dika Sandra L. , Martin Julie P.
Published: July 2017

This study employs the notion of bridging social capital to investigate the extent to which different forms and quantity of interactions with educators predict intentions to persist in engineering among a sample of Latina/o engineering majors from five public 4-year institutions in the United States. Different forms of capital were effective for women and men on intentions to persist, and learning orientation emerged as the most important predictor of engineering commitment.
Rudolf Ulrich Krönlein (1847-1910): An Innovative General, Thoracic, Neuro, and Ocular Surgeon
Authors: Laios Konstantinos
Published: July 2017

The Swiss Professor Rudolf Ulrich Krönlein (1847-1910) was a pioneer in many fields of surgery, because he succeeded in introducing many innovations in different fields of surgery, for example, general surgery, thoracic surgery, neurosurgery, and ocular surgery. He was a reputable Professor of Surgery at Zurich University and was nominated for Nobel Prize in 1902.
Meaningful Engagement of Indigenous Youth in PAR
Authors: Liebenberg Linda , Sylliboy Arnold , Davis-Ward Doreen , Vincent Amber
Published: July 2017

This article presents the process used in a Participatory Research Project with Canadian Indigenous youth aimed at understanding their civic and cultural engagement. Specifically, we reflect on the approach taken, together with the core role of community partners in facilitating youth participation in this project. The process we used had three key aspects which facilitated effective youth engagement. First was flexibility and adaptability of the original study design, allowing the young people to adjust the project design, increasing their comfort levels and in doing so, assume as much or as little ownership of the process as they wanted. Second was building on preexisting relationships between mental health service provider staff and the community, which accelerated the establishment of trust. Through this trust, new relationships within the research team were able to develop. Third was the support of the youth engagement by the service provider staff, which provided support as required. This process improved the quality of the data collected, related findings, and for effective dissemination. Importantly, this staff–youth interaction has also increased longevity of the dissemination process. Our intent in reflecting on this process here is to further the dialogue on how to meaningfully engage ordinarily silenced and/or marginalized youth in research and evaluation as well as the sharing of findings.
Negotiating the next step: The part that experience plays with middle leaders’ development as they move into their new role
Authors: Irvine Paul A. , Brundrett Mark
Published: July 2017

Leading is not the same as teaching, and middle leaders in schools require different capabilities to those of classroom teachers. This article explores the ways in which these capabilities are acquired by middle leaders in the independent sector during the early stages of their appointment as they progress through a transitional period. It draws on two previous strands of research – the part that experience plays in informing the emergent leader’s development and the acquisition of capabilities over time – from which a theoretical perspective is used in analysing data derived from a series of interviews with 20 middle leaders as part of a case study in an independent school in the North West of England. The findings from the study are combined with these two strands to demonstrate the central role that experience plays in the leader’s capability set and how, during the early period of appointment to a leadership position, the reflection on experience can significantly ease the transitional period. It is recommended that aspiring middle leaders should actively seek out experience, and that senior leaders should proactively make experiential opportunities available. It is also recommended that such action can be applied to other step changes in the teacher leader’s career.
How can precision medicine be applied to temporomandibular disorders and its comorbidities?
Authors: Wilentz Joan B , Cowley Allen W
Published: July 2017

The Eighth Scientific Meeting of The TMJ Association, Ltd. was held in Bethesda, Maryland, September 11–13, 2016. As in the past, the meeting was cosponsored by components of the National Institutes of Health with speakers invited to review the state of temporomandibular disorder science and propose recommendations to further progress. The theme of precision medicine, which aims to tailor disease treatment and prevention to match the characteristics of an individual patient (genetic, epigenetic, environmental, lifestyle) underscored the current consensus that temporomandibular disorders are no longer viewed as local conditions of jaw pain and dysfunction. Rather, they represent a complex family of biopsychosocial disorders that can progress to chronic pain, most often accompanied by one or more other chronic pain conditions. Temporomandibular disorders and these comorbidities, called chronic overlapping pain conditions, predominantly or exclusively affect women in their childbearing years and reflect central nervous system sensitization. Presenters at the meeting included leaders in temporomandibular disorder and pain research, temporomandibular disorder patients and advocates, and experts in other fields or in the use of technologies that could facilitate the development of precision medicine approaches in temporomandibular disorders.
Identification of interleukin-1 beta as a key mediator in the upregulation of Cav3.2–USP5 interactions in the pain pathway
Authors: Stemkowski Patrick L , Garcia-Caballero Agustin , Gadotti Vinicius M , M’Dahoma Said , Chen Lina , Souza Ivana A , Zamponi Gerald W
Published: July 2017

We recently reported that nerve injury or peripheral inflammation triggers an upregulation of the deubiquitinase, USP5 in mouse dorsal root ganglion and spinal dorsal horn. This leads to dysregulated ubiquitination of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels, thus increasing Cav3.2 channel plasma membrane expression and nociceptive signaling in the primary afferent pain pathway. This phenomenon could be recapitulated by noninvasive, optogenetic activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1–expressing nociceptors, indicating that neuronal activity is a key player in this process. Given the relevance of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta in many forms of pathological pain, we hypothesized that interleukin-1 beta may be a critical cofactor required to drive upregulation of interactions between USP5 and Cav3.2 channels. Here, we report that gene expression, as well as protein levels for interleukin-1 beta and the endogenous interleukin-1 receptor-I antagonist, IL-1Ra are unaltered following conditioning stimulation of optogenetically targeted cutaneous nociceptors, indicating that neuronal activity is not a driver of interleukin-1 beta signaling. In contrast, co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that intrathecal administration of interleukin-1 beta in wild-type mice led to an increase in the interaction between USP5 and Cav3.2 in the spinal dorsal horn. Moreover, disruption of the interaction between USP5 and Cav3.2 with TAT peptides suppressed acute nocifensive responses produced by interleukin-1 beta, which was similar to that achieved by elimination of T-type channel activity with the channel blockers, mibefradil, or TTA-A2. Finally, this upregulation could be maintained in dorsal root ganglion neuron cultures exposed overnight to interleukin-1 beta, while the copresence of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist or the dampening of neuronal cell activity with tetrodotoxin attenuated this response. Altogether, our findings identify interleukin-1 beta as an upstream trigger for the upregulation of interactions between USP5 and Cav3.2 channels in the pain pathway, presumably by triggering increased firing activity in afferent fibers.
Two-phase flow separation in axial free vortex flow
Authors: Aghaee Mohammad , Ganjiazad Rouhollah , Roshandel Ramin , Ashjari Mohammad Ali
Published: July 2017

Multi-phase flows, particularly two-phase flows, are widely used in the industries, hence in order to predict flow regime, pressure drop, heat transfer, and phase change, two-phase flows should be studied more precisely. In the petroleum industry, separation of phases such as water from petroleum is done using rotational flow and vortices; thus, the evolution of the vortex in two-phase flow should be considered. One method of separation requires the flow to enter a long tube in a free vortex. Investigating this requires sufficient knowledge of free vortex flow in a tube. The present study examined the evolution of tube-constrained two-phase free vortex using computational fluid dynamics. The discretized equations were solved using the SIMPLE method. It was determined that as the liquid flows down the length of the pipe, the free vortex evolves into combined forced and free vortices. The tangential velocity of the free and forced vortices also decreases in response to viscosity. It is shown that the concentration of the second discrete phase (oil) is greatest at the center of the pipe in the core of the vortex. This concentration is at a maximum at the outlet of the pipe.
Bolus Advisors: Sources of Error, Targets for Improvement
Authors: Walsh John , Roberts Ruth , Bailey Timothy S. , Heinemann Lutz
Published: July 2017

Bolus advisors that are designed to improve the accuracy of individual bolus doses relative to a meal’s carb content and the current glucose have not substantially changed since they were introduced 15 years ago despite an obvious need for enhancement and innovation. Although some glycemic benefits have been demonstrated, bolus advisors largely ignore the large amounts of clinical data they gather that could have a significant impact on glucose outcomes. Concerns have also been raised regarding the aggressive nature of largely unpublished or poorly explained bolus advisor algorithms. Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia remain significant risks due to inaccurate bolus advisor settings and the absence of tracking or an inappropriate handling of bolus on board. This review covers common sources for bolus advisor error such as the selection of physiologically inappropriate bolus advisor settings, the use of short duration of insulin action times, poor algorithm logic that tends to cover all carb intake fully, and an excessive reliance on simplistic dosing algorithms. As well as discussing these areas, we provide 21 ways to improve current bolus calculators.
Build Your Own Equiluminance Helmet
Authors: Connolly Salammbo , Connolly Denis , Cleary Anne , Herman Laura , Cavanagh Patrick
Published: July 2017

A wearable ‘helmet’ version of the S cone isolating technique was constructed to explore vision at equiluminance. For my high school summer science project, I visited parks and streets while wearing the helmet and report that the helmet appears to have captured the main properties described for the large-scale, more cumbersome stage version.
Slow ventricular tachycardia presenting with acute liver failure
Authors: Wannhoff Andreas , Nusshag Christian , Stremmel Wolfgang , Merle Uta
Published: July 2017

Objectives:

Cardiac hepatopathy is an important differential diagnosis of acute liver failure. Slow ventricular tachycardia (slow VT) is a ventricular tachycardia (VT), in which heart rate is below the typical frequency of VT. We here report a case of acute liver failure in a patient with slow VT.

Methods:

The 64-year old male patient with history of cardiac pacemaker implantation for complete atrioventricular block was referred to our intensive care unit because of acute liver failure.

Results:

Workup identified cardiac failure as cause of hepatopathy; however, reason for cardiac failure remained unknown even after left heart catheterization with coronary angiography. Finally, the analysis of cardiac pacemaker recordings led to the diagnosis of slow VT. This could not be terminated with either electric cardioversion or pharmacological treatment, and the patient died of cardiac failure.

Conclusion:

Diagnosis of VT can be challenging if occurring at unexpected slow heart rates. Analysis of pacemaker recordings could help to make the diagnosis of slow VT.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection of gastric superficial neoplastic lesions: a single Western center experience
Authors: Petruzziello Lucio , Campanale Mariachiara , Spada Cristiano , Ricci Riccardo , Hassan Cesare , Gullo Gaia , Costamagna Guido
Published: July 2017

Background

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) allows “en bloc” resection of superficial gastric lesions.

Objective

The aim of this study is to report “en bloc" resection rate, procedure results, post resection features, analysis of complications, and relapses at mid–long term follow‐up on an Italian center case series of patients with superficial gastric neoplastic lesions treated with ESD.

Methods

This is a retrospective evaluation of a prospectively collected series of patients diagnosed with gastric superficial lesions who underwent ESD between November 2007 and May 2015. The analysis included demographic, clinical, endoscopic, and histological data. In detail, the following features were analyzed: (1) “en bloc” resection rate; (2) R0, R1, and RX rate; (3) complication rate; and (4) neoplastic recurrence during follow‐up. A comparison was performed between lesions treated according to standard and to extended criteria.

Results

In the analysis, therefore, 70 superficial lesions and 70 endoscopic procedures were considered.

Overall, 53 (76%) procedures were performed according to the extended‐ESD criteria. The remaining 17 (24%) cases were performed according to standard criteria. In 68/70 (97%) procedures “en bloc” resection was successful. Forty‐four (65.6%) patients had a R0 resection, while 15 (22%) patients had a R1 and the remaining 8 (12.4%) patients were RX. Two patients (2.8%) experienced a major complication. Overall, 7 patients (10.4%) required surgery: in two cases because of local recurrence, in one case for an intraprocedural complication not amenable to endoscopic treatment, in three patients with R1 vertical margins, and in the last patient because of an aggressive pathology (i.e. signet ring cell adenocarcinoma). The mean follow‐up of patients with neoplastic lesions was 36.6 ± 13.1 months.

Conclusion

ESD for early gastric cancer is a safe and effective technique when performed by experienced Endoscopists also in Western setting. When comparing the outcomes of the ESD in patients with standard and extended indication there is no significant difference in terms of complete resection, complications and local recurrence rates. Larger Western studies are needed to clearly define the role and the outcomes of ESD in regions at low incidence for gastric neoplasia.
Tuberculosis joint infections in four domestic cats
Authors: Lalor Stephanie M , Clarke Stephen , Pink Jonathan , Parry Andrew , Scurrell Emma , Fitzpatrick Noel , Watson Fraje , O’Halloran Conor , Gunn-Moore Danielle
Published: July 2017

Case series summary

This paper describes the clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging findings and outcome in four cats with confirmed joint-associated tuberculosis. The cats were 2–6 years of age, and immune competent. Three cases had tuberculosis affecting only one joint, whereas one case had at least three joints affected. Two cases were caused by Mycobacterium bovis, and the other two were caused by Mycobacterium microti. Radiological findings included osteolysis, periosteal reaction and associated soft tissue swelling. Two cases were euthanased and two cases responded well to amputation and follow-on antibiotic therapy.

Relevance and novel information

To our knowledge, this is the first publication of a series of cats with joint-associated tuberculosis. Although tuberculosis is not common, a high degree of suspicion is needed to avoid delayed diagnosis. This case series highlights the importance of considering mycobacterial disease as a differential for joint disease in cats.
Reintegration of Women Post Obstetric Fistula Repair: Experience of Family Caregivers
Authors: Jarvis Kimberly , Richter Solina , Vallianatos Helen , Thornton Lois
Published: July 2017

In northern Ghana, families traditionally function as the main provider of care. The role of family, however, is becoming increasingly challenged with the social shifts in Ghanaian culture moving from extended kinship to nuclear households. This has implications for the care of women post obstetric fistula (OF) repair and their family members who assist them to integrate back into their lives prior to developing the condition. This research is part of a larger critical ethnographic study which explores a culture of reintegration. For this article, we draw attention to the findings related to the experience of family caregivers who care for women post OF repair in northern Ghana. It is suggested that although family caregivers are pleased to have their family member return home, there are many unanticipated physical, emotional, and economic challenges. Findings lead to recommendations for enhancing the reintegration process and the need for adequate caregiving support.
Emergency Medical Service Personnel Recognize Pediatric Concussions
Authors: Speirs Joshua N. , Lyons Matthew I. , Johansson Bert E.
Published: July 2017

Concussions are a major cause of morbidity in pediatrics. Many concussions occur during activities with emergency medical service (EMS) providers present to determine if a higher level of care is needed. Data are limited on how capable these providers are. We assessed the ability of EMS providers to recognize pediatric concussions. Fifty-six total responses were included, 38 from EMS and 18 from our MD/RN (medical doctor/registered nurse) group. No statistical differences were found between the 2 groups when adjusted for age, gender, number of years in practice, and number of pediatric concussions managed. This first of its kind pilot study was designed to assess EMS personnel’s ability to recognize and triage pediatric concussions. Our findings show EMS providers are statistically identical in their ability to recognize and triage concussions to physicians. The performance of our MD participants was lower than expected. Larger studies are needed to further investigate EMS providers’ ability to recognize a concussion.