bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Onde o mar se arrebenta nasce uma paisagem: Recife, a Calçada do Mar
Authors: Gonçalves Fábio Christiano Cavalcanti , Cardoso Flora Oliveira de Souza , Mendes Leonardo Brasil , Carneiro Ana Rita Sá , Veras Lúcia Maria de Siqueira Cavalcanti
Published: September 2017

O presente artigo trata da paisagem da Calçada do Mar, referente ao alinhamento rochoso sedimentológico denominado arrecifes, situado na costa marítima da cidade do Recife (Pernambuco, Brasil). O propósito do estudo é compreender a significação sociocultural da paisagem em questão, fortemente associada ao nascimento e crescimento desta urbe. A fim alcançar tal objetivo, desenvolve-se uma análise reflexiva sobre a noção de paisagem a partir de uma abordagem fenomenológica, associada à observação e à experiência direta no espaço. Nessa perspectiva, também é discutida a relação entre natureza-sujeito e natureza-objeto da Calçada do Mar, na forma como ela tem sido objetificada e subjetivada na cidade. A conclusão aponta que, na história de formação do Recife, a Calçada do Mar se apresenta como um mito fundacional, no duplo sentido de gênese topológica e referencial imagético e também que, atualmente, por meio da experiência direta no espaço que a conforma, sua significação é potencialmente revelada na paisagem.
O modelo de percepção visual SENS|ORG|INT usado na arquitetura: um estudo de caso sobre cores usadas no Ceta Ecotel Macapá, Brasil
Authors: Csillag Paula , Almeida Tilia Monte de
Published: September 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um estudo sobre como o uso de cores em ambientes arquitetônicos externos e internos de um hotel brasileiro afetou o comportamento do consumidor. Os resultados são analisados em termos do Modelo SENS|ORG|INT, que diferencia aspectos fisiológicos da resposta humana a cores, de fatores culturais e interpretativos (CSILLAG, 2008). O estudo foi conduzido no Ceta Ecotel, um hotel ecológico na cidade de Macapá no nordeste do Brasil. A metodologia foi de estudo de caso (YIN, 2004), usando um processo de triangulação, cruzando informações obtidas de três pontos de vista: um questionário qualitativo e quantitativo com 50 funcionários do hotel, incluindo os proprietários, um questionário qualitativo e quantitativo com 640 hóspedes do hotel e análise dos dados obtidos usando o Modelo de Percepção SENS|ORG|INT. Os resultados indicam motivos para as cores mais e menos preferidas, apresentando sugestões para uso futuro de cores em projetos arquitetônicos.
O Movimento Sanitarista no Brasil: a visão da doença como mal nacional e a saúde como redentora
Authors: Omena Tamano Luana Tieko
Published: September 2017

Pretende-se, com este artigo,  refletir acerca do movimento sanitarista no Brasil no decênio de 1910, por meio de uma análise histórica. Busca-se entender como a ideia de doença foi apresentada, pelos médicos sanitaristas, como um problema central que explicava o "atraso" nacional, o que, por sua vez, realocou a categoria de raça no discurso sobre o futuro do país.  Almeja-se, ainda, compreender o que esse movimento  significou para a saúde pública nacional, tencionando também demonstrar como os preceitos sanitários foram considerados de grande importância pela elite intelectual e política, resultando em sua propaganda e aplicação.
Previous experience of family violence and intimate partner violence in pregnancy
Authors: Ludermir Ana Bernarda , Araújo Thália Velho Barreto de , Valongueiro Sandra Alves , Muniz Maria Luísa Corrêa , Silva Elisabete Pereira
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVE To estimate differential associations between the exposure to violence in the family of origin and victimization and perpetration of intimate partner violence in pregnancy. METHODS A nested case-control study was carried out within a cohort study with 1,120 pregnant women aged 18–49 years old, who were registered in the Family Health Strategy of the city of Recife, State of Pernambuco, Brazil, between 2005 and 2006. The cases were the 233 women who reported intimate partner violence in pregnancy and the controls were the 499 women who did not report it. Partner violence in pregnancy and previous experiences of violence committed by parents or other family members were assessed with a standardized questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were modeled to identify differential associations between the exposure to violence in the family of origin and victimization and perpetration of intimate partner violence in pregnancy. RESULTS Having seen the mother suffer intimate partner violence was associated with physical violence in childhood (OR = 2.62; 95%CI 1.89–3.63) and in adolescence (OR = 1.47; 95%CI 1.01–2.13), sexual violence in childhood (OR = 3.28; 95%CI 1.68–6.38) and intimate partner violence during pregnancy (OR = 1.47; 95% CI 1.01 – 2.12). The intimate partner violence during pregnancy was frequent in women who reported more episodes of physical violence in childhood (OR = 2.08; 95%CI 1.43–3.02) and adolescence (OR = 1.63; 95%CI 1.07–2.47), who suffered sexual violence in childhood (OR = 3.92; 95%CI 1.86–8.27), and who perpetrated violence against the partner (OR = 8.67; 95%CI 4.57–16.45). CONCLUSIONS Experiences of violence committed by parents or other family members emerge as strong risk factors for intimate partner violence in pregnancy. Identifying and understanding protective and risk factors for the emergence of intimate partner violence in pregnancy and its maintenance may help policymakers and health service managers to develop intervention strategies.
Multinomial model and zero-inflated gamma model to study time spent on leisure time physical activity: an example of ELSA-Brasil
Authors: Nobre Aline Araújo , Carvalho Marilia Sá , Griep Rosane Härter , Fonseca Maria de Jesus Mendes da , Melo Enirtes Caetano Prates , Santos Itamar de Souza , Chor Dora
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVE To compare two methodological approaches: the multinomial model and the zero-inflated gamma model, evaluating the factors associated with the practice and amount of time spent on leisure time physical activity. METHODS Data collected from 14,823 baseline participants in the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil – Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto ) have been analysed. Regular leisure time physical activity has been measured using the leisure time physical activity module of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The explanatory variables considered were gender, age, education level, and annual per capita family income. RESULTS The main advantage of the zero-inflated gamma model over the multinomial model is that it estimates mean time (minutes per week) spent on leisure time physical activity. For example, on average, men spent 28 minutes/week longer on leisure time physical activity than women did. The most sedentary groups were young women with low education level and income CONCLUSIONS The zero-inflated gamma model, which is rarely used in epidemiological studies, can give more appropriate answers in several situations. In our case, we have obtained important information on the main determinants of the duration of leisure time physical activity. This information can help guide efforts towards the most vulnerable groups since physical inactivity is associated with different diseases and even premature death.
Risk factors for syphilis in women: case-control study
Authors: Macêdo Vilma Costa de , Lira Pedro Israel Cabral de , Frias Paulo Germano de , Romaguera Luciana Maria Delgado , Caires Silvana de Fátima Ferreira , Ximenes Ricardo Arraes de Alencar
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVE To determine the sociodemographic, behavioral, and health care factors related to the occurrence of syphilis in women treated at public maternity hospitals. METHODS This is a case-control study (239 cases and 322 controls) with women admitted to seven maternity hospitals in the municipality of Recife, Brazil, from July 2013 to July 2014. Eligible women were recruited after the result of the VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) under any titration. The selection of cases and controls was based on the result of the serology for syphilis using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). The independent variables were grouped into: sociodemographic, behavioral, clinical and obstetric history, and health care in prenatal care and maternity hospital. Information was obtained by interview, during hospitalization, with the application of a questionnaire. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using logistic regression to identify the predicting factors of the variable to be explained. RESULTS The logistic regression analysis identified as determinant factors for gestational syphilis: education level of incomplete basic education or illiterate (OR = 2.02), lack of access to telephone (OR = 2.4), catholic religion (OR = 1.70 ), four or more pregnancies (OR = 2.2), three or more sexual partners in the last year (OR = 3.1), use of illicit drugs before the age of 18 (OR = 3.0), and use of illicit drugs by the current partner (OR = 1.7). Only one to three prenatal appointments (OR = 3.5) and a previous history of sexually transmitted infection (OR = 9.7) were also identified as determinant factors. CONCLUSIONS Sociodemographic, behavioral, and health care factors are associated with the occurrence of syphilis in women and should be taken into account in the elaboration of universal strategies aimed at the prevention and control of syphilis, but with a focus on situations of greater vulnerability.
Gestational Age and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Individuals Born At Term: A Life Course Study
Authors: Ferreira Isabel , Gbatu Pei T. , Boreham Colin A.
Published: September 2017

Background

In contrast to the effects of preterm birth, the extent to which shorter gestational age affects the cardiorespiratory fitness (
CRF
) levels of individuals who were born at term (ie, between 37 and 42 weeks) is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to examine whether life‐course
CRF
levels varied across different gestational ages within the at‐term range.

Methods and Results

The association between gestational age (in weeks) obtained from Child Health Services records and
CRF
, estimated from field and laboratory tests and expressed by maximal oxygen uptake level through adolescence to young adulthood, was examined in 791 participants in the Northern Ireland Young Hearts Study, all singletons born at term. Longitudinal data were analyzed with generalized estimating equations, accounting for important potential confounders. Mean levels of
CRF
were 45.6, 43.7, and 33.0 mL/kg per minute when participants were aged 12, 15, and 22 years, respectively. After adjustment for confounders, each week increase in gestational age was associated with 0.46 mL/kg per minute (95%
confidence interval
, 0.14–0.79) in
CRF
. Compared with individuals born full term (39–40 weeks, n=533) or late term (41–42 weeks, n=148), those who were born early term (37–38 weeks, n=110) had a higher incidence of poor
CRF
(risk ratio, 1.57; 95%
confidence interval
, 1.14–2.16). The changes in
CRF
through adolescence to young adulthood were similar across groups, with those born early term consistently displaying the lowest CRF.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that early‐term births within the at‐term range are linked to poorer
CRF
through adolescence to young adulthood, and may have important clinical and public health implications for policies about (avoidable) early‐term deliveries given their recent increasing trends.
Pancreatic β-Cell Function and Prognosis of Nondiabetic Patients With Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Pan Yuesong , Chen Weiqi , Jing Jing , Zheng Huaguang , Jia Qian , Li Hao , Zhao Xingquan , Liu Liping , Wang Yongjun , He Yan , Wang Yilong
Published: September 2017

Background and Purpose—

Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction is an important factor in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to estimate the association between β-cell dysfunction and prognosis of nondiabetic patients with ischemic stroke.

Methods—

Patients with ischemic stroke without a history of diabetes mellitus in the ACROSS-China (Abnormal Glucose Regulation in Patients with Acute Stroke across China) registry were included. Disposition index was estimated as computer-based model of homeostatic model assessment 2-β%/homeostatic model assessment 2-insulin resistance based on fasting C-peptide level. Outcomes included stroke recurrence, all-cause death, and dependency (modified Rankin Scale, 3–5) at 12 months after onset.

Results—

Among 1171 patients, 37.2% were women with a mean age of 62.4 years. At 12 months, 167 (14.8%) patients had recurrent stroke, 110 (9.4%) died, and 184 (16.0%) had a dependency. The first quartile of the disposition index was associated with an increased risk of stroke recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.57; 95% confidence interval, 2.13–5.99) and dependency (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.21–4.38); both the first and second quartiles of the disposition index were associated with an increased risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio, 5.09; 95% confidence interval, 2.51–10.33; adjusted hazard ratio, 2.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–5.03) compared with the fourth quartile. Using a multivariable regression model with restricted cubic spline, we observed an L-shaped association between the disposition index and the risk of each end point.

Conclusions—

In this large-scale registry, β-cell dysfunction was associated with an increased risk of 12-month poor prognosis in nondiabetic patients with ischemic stroke.
Learning Simpler Language Models with the Differential State Framework
Authors: Ororbia II Alexander G. , Mikolov Tomas , Reitter David
Published: September 2017

Learning useful information across long time lags is a critical and difficult problem for temporal neural models in tasks such as language modeling. Existing architectures that address the issue are often complex and costly to train. The differential state framework (DSF) is a simple and high-performing design that unifies previously introduced gated neural models. DSF models maintain longer-term memory by learning to interpolate between a fast-changing data-driven representation and a slowly changing, implicitly stable state. Within the DSF framework, a new architecture is presented, the delta-RNN. This model requires hardly any more parameters than a classical, simple recurrent network. In language modeling at the word and character levels, the delta-RNN outperforms popular complex architectures, such as the long short-term memory (LSTM) and the gated recurrent unit (GRU), and, when regularized, performs comparably to several state-of-the-art baselines. At the subword level, the delta-RNN's performance is comparable to that of complex gated architectures.
Neural Decoding: A Predictive Viewpoint
Authors: Todorova Sonia , Ventura Valérie
Published: September 2017

Decoding in the context of brain-machine interface is a prediction problem, with the aim of retrieving the most accurate kinematic predictions attainable from the available neural signals. While selecting models that reduce the prediction error is done to various degrees, decoding has not received the attention that the fields of statistics and machine learning have lavished on the prediction problem in the past two decades. Here, we take a more systematic approach to the decoding prediction problem and search for risk-optimized reverse regression, optimal linear estimation (OLE), and Kalman filter models within a large model space composed of several nonlinear transformations of neural spike counts at multiple temporal lags. The reverse regression decoding framework is a standard prediction problem, where penalized methods such as ridge regression or Lasso are routinely used to find minimum risk models. We argue that minimum risk reverse regression is always more efficient than OLE and also happens to be 44% more efficient than a standard Kalman filter in a particular application of offline reconstruction of arm reaches of a rhesus macaque monkey. Yet model selection for tuning curves–based decoding models such as OLE and Kalman filtering is not a standard statistical prediction problem, and no efficient method exists to identify minimum risk models. We apply several methods to build low-risk models and show that in our application, a Kalman filter that includes multiple carefully chosen observation equations per neural unit is 67% more efficient than a standard Kalman filter, but with the drawback that finding such a model is computationally very costly.
Capturing the Dynamical Repertoire of Single Neurons with Generalized Linear Models
Authors: Weber Alison I. , Pillow Jonathan W.
Published: September 2017

A key problem in computational neuroscience is to find simple, tractable models that are nevertheless flexible enough to capture the response properties of real neurons. Here we examine the capabilities of recurrent point process models known as Poisson generalized linear models (GLMs). These models are defined by a set of linear filters and a point nonlinearity and are conditionally Poisson spiking. They have desirable statistical properties for fitting and have been widely used to analyze spike trains from electrophysiological recordings. However, the dynamical repertoire of GLMs has not been systematically compared to that of real neurons. Here we show that GLMs can reproduce a comprehensive suite of canonical neural response behaviors, including tonic and phasic spiking, bursting, spike rate adaptation, type I and type II excitation, and two forms of bistability. GLMs can also capture stimulus-dependent changes in spike timing precision and reliability that mimic those observed in real neurons, and can exhibit varying degrees of stochasticity, from virtually deterministic responses to greater-than-Poisson variability. These results show that Poisson GLMs can exhibit a wide range of dynamic spiking behaviors found in real neurons, making them well suited for qualitative dynamical as well as quantitative statistical studies of single-neuron and population response properties.
Refined Spectral Clustering via Embedded Label Propagation
Authors: Chang Yan-Shuo , Nie Feiping , Li Zhihui , Chang Xiaojun , Huang Heng
Published: September 2017

Spectral clustering is a key research topic in the field of machine learning and data mining. Most of the existing spectral clustering algorithms are built on gaussian Laplacian matrices, which is sensitive to parameters. We propose a novel parameter-free distance-consistent locally linear embedding. The proposed distance-consistent LLE can promise that edges between closer data points are heavier. We also propose a novel improved spectral clustering via embedded label propagation. Our algorithm is built on two advancements of the state of the art. First is label propagation, which propagates a node's labels to neighboring nodes according to their proximity. We perform standard spectral clustering on original data and assign each cluster with [Formula: see text]-nearest data points and then we propagate labels through dense unlabeled data regions. Second is manifold learning, which has been widely used for its capacity to leverage the manifold structure of data points. Extensive experiments on various data sets validate the superiority of the proposed algorithm compared to state-of-the-art spectral algorithms.
Two new species of Heth Cobb, 1898 (Nematoda: Ransomnematoidea) from Northern Mindanao, the Philippines
Authors: Malysheva Svetlana V. , Sumaya Nanette H.N.
Published: September 2017

Heth konoplevin. sp. andHeth initiensisn. sp. are described from an unidentified spirobolid (Rhinocricidae) millipede collected at Mindanao Island, the Philippines. Females ofH. konoplevin. sp. are characterised by the absence of lateral cuticular lappets and the arrangement of lateral spines with an unpaired one in mid-lateral position that brings it closer toH. zeuglocanthafrom Papua New Guinea. The presence of a cervical collar, lateral cuticular lappets, two pairs of lateral cuticular spines in females and a bursa-like extension around the cloacal region in males ofH. initiensisn. sp. makes it closer to some representatives of the genus from the Asia-Pacific and Australasian regions. The description ofH. initiensisn. sp. is supplemented by details of the fourth-stage juvenile morphology. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of SSU and LSU rDNA is provided.
Molecular characterisation and phylogenetic relationships of cystoid nematodes of the family Heteroderidae (Nematoda: Tylenchida)
Authors: Subbotin Sergei A. , Akanwari Jerry , Nguyen Chau N. , Cid del Prado Vera Ignacio , Chitambar John J. , Inserra Renato N. , Chizhov Vladimir N.
Published: September 2017

The cystoid sedentary nematodes of the Heteroderidae include more than 30 recognised species belonging to from nine to 11 genera, depending on the opinion of the authority. In the present study, we collected nematode populations of species belonging to some of these genera, as well as other cyst-forming species from different locations in the USA, Vietnam, Germany and Russia. The populations of cystoid nematodes represent seven valid species, Atalodera carolynae, Cryphodera sinensis, Meloidodera astonei, M. floridensis, M. mexicana, M. sikhotealiniensis, Rhizonemella sequoiae, two unidentified species of Atalodera, six unidentified species of Cryphodera, and three putative new species of Rhizonemella. We also obtained samples of cyst-forming nematodes that include an unidentified species of Betulodera from California, and Heterodera guangdongensis from Vietnam. A population of Rotylenchulus sp. from Arizona, intercepted in Florida, and a population of an unidentified species of Verutus from Germany were also added to this study. All of these populations were characterised using sequences of the D2-D3 of 28S rRNA, ITS rRNA or mitochondrial COI genes. A total of 89 new sequences were obtained from these analyses. Phylogenetic relationships within the family Heteroderidae were reconstructed based on the D2-D3 of 28S rRNA, ITS rRNA and mitochondrial COI gene sequences. Results revealed that the subfamily Ataloderinae was paraphyletic. Ekphymatodera thomasoni, a non-cyst-forming species, clustered with the cyst-forming nematodes. Representatives of the subfamily Verutinae formed clades within Heteroderidae. The genus Meloidodera was non-monophyletic and distributed within two clades: i) M. sikhotealiniensis and Cryphodera spp. from Asia and Europe; and ii) M. astonei, M. floridensis and M. mexicana from North America. Based on comparative molecular analysis Meloidodera alni syn. n. is proposed as a junior synonym of M. sikhotealiniensis. Problems of taxonomy and phylogeography of cystoid nematodes are also discussed.
Charting the Ups and Downs of osce Mediation
Authors: Lanz David
Published: September 2017

This article traces the development of osce mediation and provides elements to explain the ups and downs over time. The origins of osce mediation date back to the inception of the organisation during the Cold War period. However, it only became a mediator in the 1990s, playing different roles. This work suffered in the 2000s as the osce’s relevance was increasingly questioned. In recent years, the osce has seen renewed growth, owing to a political commitment by participating States to strengthen its mediation capacities and because of the leading role it took on in mediating the crisis in and around Ukraine. While this is a significant development, this article argues that the osce’s mediation role is likely to be limited, focusing on the niche of managing established formats and local conflict prevention.
National Dialogue in Ukraine: You Must Spoil before You Spin
Authors: Mirimanova Natalia
Published: September 2017

The paper evaluates the attempt to launch a National Dialogue process in Ukraine backed by the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (osce) from the perspective of its teleology, design and impact in the context of the aggravating internal divisions, problematic legitimacy of the post-Maidan leadership, Russia actively backing the forces in opposition to the interim government in Kiev and subversive of the integrity of the Ukrainian state, and peaked geopolitical tensions in the broader region. in the run up to the extraordinary presidential election in Ukraine scheduled for 25 May 2014, the osce backed the launching of a National Dialogue to prevent further escalation of the destructive and increasingly violent internal conflict. The efforts aimed at the consolidation of the Ukrainian political elite from across the country, including in the rebellious East and South regions, and across the political spectrum, also involving the party of the fugitive President Yanukovych.

This endeavor, by the osce Swiss Chairmanship, provides insight into the opportunities and limitations of the top-down and elite-based approach to the National Dialogue in Ukraine, particularly in comparison with the local grassroots dialogue initiatives in the divided communities as well as the center-region dialogue formats, on the one hand, and with the extra-national formats of talks involving Ukraine and Russia, on the other. Besides, lack of the strategic sequencing and embeddedness of short-term objectives of the stakeholders to either keep or challenge the political status quo and long-term accommodation of political differences by the reformed political and administrative arrangements and national reconciliation prevented the National Dialogue from gaining the momentum, was prohibitive of its continuity and did not get traction with the population irrespective of the political preferences.

There were objective reasons that prevented proper design and implementation of the dialogue, such as urgency, extreme polarisation and strong pressure on the post-Maidan leadership at the time from opposing constituents that ardently rejected dialogue, a factor that could not be ignored against the backdrop of the upcoming series of elections. However the osce political imperative had prevailed over the professional approach to the design and facilitation of the National Dialogue. In particular, no clear agenda that resonated with the diverse constituencies’ actual needs and grievances was developed, no broad consultations had been held prior to the dialogue, disagreements between the stakeholders regarding the participation were not resolved, and the very design of the events, including media presence, was not conducive of the genuine deliberation and joint search for the mutually acceptable short-term and long-term trajectory of the country.
Description of the larvae and pupae of eight species of the tribe Sitonini Gistel, 1848 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from Central Europe
Authors: GOSIK RAFAŁ , SPRICK PETER
Published: September 2017

Last instar larvae and pupae of Andrion regensteinense (Herbst, 1794), Charagmus gressorius (Fabricius, 1792), Sitona cylindricollis Fåhraeus, 1840, S. hispidulus (Fabricius, 1776), S. lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758), S. macularius (Marsham, 1802), S. obsoletus (Gmelin, 1790), and S. waterhousei Walton, 1846, are illustrated, re-described or described for the first time. Larval and pupal morphological diagnoses of the genera Andrion, Charagmus and Sitona as well as of the tribe Sitonini are updated and evaluated according to their utility for taxonomic studies. The assignment of the species to different development types is discussed.
New taxa of the Meganola argentescens (Hampson, 1895) species group from China (Lepidoptera, Nolidae, Nolinae)
Authors: HU YAN-QING , WANG MIN , HAN HUI-LIN
Published: September 2017

Meganola argentescens (Hampson, 1895) species group is consisted of four species, Meganola argentescens (Hampson, 1895), Meganola jinghongensis (Shao, Li & Han, 2009), two of which are described below (Meganola weixiensis sp. nov. and Meganola xui sp. nov.). The diagnostic external features of the species group are the silvery forewing ground color, the black or dark brown marking at medial line area before cell, the black or dark brown and striped marking at wing base along with costal margin, the shrinked valva medially, the long and cylindrical aedeagus with many spinulae at apex and vesica without cornuti in male genitalia. It is worth nothing that the so-called group is supposed by the external appearance of adult and configuration of male genitalia.
Himalayapotamon chambaensis, a new species of freshwater crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamidae) from Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: MITRA SANTANU , VALARMATHI KANDASAMY
Published: September 2017

A new species of freshwater crab of the genus Himalayapotamon Pretzmann, 1966, is described based on specimens collected from various localities in Chamba District in Himachal Pradesh state, northern India. Himalayapotamon chambaensis n. sp. can be distinguished from congeners by several carapace and gonopod characters: a short median longitudinal granular ridge behind the frontal margin which reaches to the epigastric regions, the terminal segment of the male first gonopod is long and distinctly bent outwards, and the male second gonopod has a long and distally coiled distal segment. An identification key to all the 12 species in the genus is provided.
Taxonomic status of Protankyra ramiurna and Protankyra benedeni (Holothuroidea: Apodida: Synaptidae)
Authors: PRATA JÉSSICA , BORGES MICHELA , MANSO CYNTHIA L. C. , CHRISTOFFERSEN MARTIN LINDSEY
Published: September 2017

This study presents a review of the species Protankyra ramiurna Heding, 1928 and Protankyra benedeni (Ludwig, 1881) from the Brazilian coast. Some authors consider that these two taxa represent a single variable species. Our comparative analysis of external characters, anatomy and ossicle morphology indicates that they represent distinct species. This is the first record of Protankyra ramiurna from Brazil.
A new species of the genus Xenophrys (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) from an offshore island in Guangdong Province, southeastern China
Authors: WANG JIAN , LIU ZU-YAO , LYU ZHI-TONG , ZENG ZHAO-CHI , WANG YING-YONG
Published: September 2017

A new species, Xenophrys insularis sp. nov., is described based on a series of specimens collected from Nan’ao Island, Shantou City, Guangdong Province, China. The new species is a separately evolving lineage that was robustly supported by the phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial CO1 + 12S rRNA + 16S rRNA genes; morphologically, it can be distinguished from other known congeners by the following combination of characteristics: body size moderate, SVL 38.6–41.2 mm in adult males, 47.1 mm in a single adult female; snout obtusely rounded in dorsal view; head width slightly larger than head length; strong vomerine ridge bearing vomerine teeth; margin of tongue weakly notched behind; supratympanic fold forming a large swollen supraaxillary gland above insertion of arm; hindlimbs relatively short, heels not meeting when thighs are held at right angles to body, tibio-tarsal articulation reaches forward the posterior edge of tympanum; fingers and toes without lateral fringes, with rudiment of web at bases of toes, distinct subarticular tubercle only at the base of each finger and toe; single vocal sac in males; gravid female bears pure white oocytes. Xenophrys insularis sp. nov. is endemic to the Nan’ao Island and represents the first Xenophrys species found on and possibly endemic to a small offshore island.
Improved Seasonal Prediction of Rainfall over East Africa for Application in Agriculture: Statistical Downscaling of CFSv2 and GFDL-FLOR
Authors: Kipkogei O. , Mwanthi A. M. , Mwesigwa J. B. , Atheru Z. K. K. , Wanzala M. A. , Artan G.
Published: September 2017

Statistically downscaled forecasts of October–December (OND) rainfall are evaluated over East Africa from two general circulation model (GCM) seasonal prediction systems. The method uses canonical correlation analysis to relate variability in predicted large-scale rainfall (characterizing, e.g., predicted ENSO and Indian Ocean dipole variability) to observed local variability over Kenya and Tanzania. Evaluation is performed for the period 1982–2011 and for the real-time forecast for OND 2015, a season when a strong El Niño was active. The seasonal forecast systems used are the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2), and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Forecast-Oriented Low Ocean Resolution (GFDL-FLOR) version of CM2.5. The Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Station Data (CHIRPS) rainfall dataset—a blend of in situ station observations and satellite estimates—was used at 5 km × 5 km resolution over Kenya and Tanzania as benchmark data for the downscaling. Results for the case-study forecast for OND 2015 show that downscaled output from both models adds realistic spatial detail relative to the coarser raw model output—albeit with some overestimation of rainfall that may have been derived from the downscaling procedure introducing a wet response to El Niño more typical of historical cases. Assessment of the downscaled forecasts over the 1982–2011 period shows positive long-term skill better than that documented in previous studies of unprocessed GCM forecasts for the region. Climate forecast downscaling is thus a key undertaking worldwide in the generation of more reliable products for sector specific application including agricultural planning and decision-making.
Spatiotemporal Variability of Turbulence Kinetic Energy Budgets in the Convective Boundary Layer over Both Simple and Complex Terrain
Authors: Rai Raj K. , Berg Larry K. , Pekour Mikhail , Shaw William J. , Kosovic Branko , Mirocha Jeffrey D. , Ennis Brandon L.
Published: September 2017

The assumption of subgrid-scale (SGS) horizontal homogeneity within a model grid cell, which forms the basis of SGS turbulence closures used by mesoscale models, becomes increasingly tenuous as grid spacing is reduced to a few kilometers or less, such as in many emerging high-resolution applications. Herein, the turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) budget equation is used to study the spatiotemporal variability in two types of terrain—complex [Columbia Basin Wind Energy Study (CBWES) site, northeastern Oregon] and flat [Scaled Wind Farm Technology (SWiFT) site, west Texas]—using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. In each case, six nested domains [three domains each for mesoscale and large-eddy simulation (LES)] are used to downscale the horizontal grid spacing from ~10 km to ~10 m using the WRF Model framework. The model output was used to calculate the values of the TKE budget terms in vertical and horizontal planes as well as the averages of grid cells contained in the four quadrants of the LES domain. The budget terms calculated along the planes and the mean profile of budget terms show larger spatial variability at the CBWES site than at the SWiFT site. The contribution of the horizontal derivative of the shear production term to the total shear production was found to be ≈45% and ≈15% at the CBWES and SWiFT sites, respectively, indicating that the horizontal derivatives applied in the budget equation should not be ignored in mesoscale model parameterizations, especially for cases with complex terrain with <10-km scale.
Reply to “Comments on ‘A Combined Derivation of the Integrated and Vertically Resolved, Coupled Wave–Current Equations’”
Authors: Mellor George
Published: September 2017

The comments of Ardhuin et al. concerning the papers by Mellor from 2003 and 2015 are reviewed. It is found that the comments do not impact the validity of these papers.
Be Ye Speakers of, and Listeners to, the Word: The Promotion of Biblical Engagement through Encountering the Scriptures Read Aloud
Authors: Hunt Cherryl
Published: September 2017

Ordinary Christians’ responses to a dramatized reading of the New Testament, together with reflection on research in the area of performance criticism, suggests that understanding of the Bible and spiritual encounter with its texts may be promoted by the reading aloud of, and listening to, substantial portions of the Bible in an unfamiliar format; this might be found in a dramatized presentation and/or a previously unencountered translation. This practice should form part of any programme designed to promote biblical engagement within churches.
Early experience with a health promotion course for pharmacy students in Indonesia
Authors: Kristina Susi Ari , Yulianto Yulianto , Prabandari Yayi Suryo
Published: September 2017

Objective:

To implement a new health promotion course as part of pharmacy public health practices and to identify pharmacy students’ knowledge, perceived role and self-efficacy with respect to what was learned through this.

Method:

A total of 119 fifth-year pharmacy students undertook a new health promotion course in a pharmacy school in Yogyakarta. A questionnaire consisting of 30-item knowledge scale, a 6-item perceived-role scale, and a 9-adjective self-efficacy scale was used to measure students’ knowledge and attitudes before and after the new course.

Results:

Of the 119 pharmacy students completing the questionnaire, 77% were female, with a mean age of 22.8 years, and 79% had BPharm degree with a grade point average in excess of 3.00. A significant post intervention improvement ( p < .001) was found in terms of knowledge, perceived role and self-efficacy. The majority of students perceived that their involvement in health promotion activities would help the community and have a positive impact on their future careers.

Conclusion:

Pharmacy students gained positive knowledge, perceived role and self-efficacy towards a health promotion course. Strategies to ensure that positive attitudes translate into actual behaviours of engaging in health promotion activities are needed. Sustainability and the integration of health promotion activities into the curriculum of pharmacy schools nation-wide in Indonesia should be encouraged.
Multiscale representation of simulated time
Authors: Goldstein Rhys , Khan Azam , Dalle Olivier , Wainer Gabriel
Published: September 2017

To better support multiscale modeling and simulation, we present a multiscale time representation consisting of data types, data structures, and algorithms that collectively support the recording of past events and scheduling of future events in a discrete event simulation. Our approach addresses the drawbacks of conventional time representations: limited range in the case of 32- or 64-bit fixed-point time values; problematic rounding errors in the case of floating-point numbers; and the lack of a universally acceptable precision level in the case of brute force approaches. The proposed representation provides both extensive range and fine resolution in the timing of events, yet it stores and manipulates the majority of event times as standard 64-bit numbers. When adopted for simulation purposes, the representation allows a domain expert to choose a precision level for his/her model. This time precision is honored by the simulator even when the model is integrated with other models of vastly different time scales. Making use of C++11 programming language features and the Discrete Event System Specification formalism, we implemented a simulator to test the time representation and inform a discussion on its implications for collaborative multiscale modeling efforts.
Validating numerical solution of transient Darcy flow using the stabilized mixed finite element method
Authors: Ansari Shahab U , Hussain Masroor , Rashid Ahmar , Mazhar Suleman , Ahmad SM , Siddiqui Khalid J
Published: September 2017

The natural flows through porous media often exhibit transient behavior. Some of the examples include water movement in aquifers, oil flow in reservoirs and blood passing through arteries walls. For accurate modeling of such flows, the Darcy model is used with an additional time-dependent pressure term. In this paper, validation of the three-dimensional numerical solution of transient Darcy flow using the stabilized mixed finite element method is presented. The proposed numerical solution employs the implicit backward difference method for the discretization of time, whereas, for space discretization, the Galerkin technique is used. The model is validated against analytical models including the Theis equation for pressure drawdown near a pumping well. The proposed solution is tested for different values of the viscosity of the fluid, and the permeability and specific storage of the medium. The error analysis shows that the stabilized mixed Galerkin methods give stable solutions with no oscillations and spurious results. It is also found that the viscosity of the fluid and the permeability of the medium have prominent effects on the transient behavior of Darcy flow.
Understanding semantic differential measures in modern South Africa: attitudes of Black Africans towards White South Africans
Authors: Gordon Steven Lawrence
Published: September 2017

The future success of South Africa’s unique democracy depends on the development of harmonious race relations. Understanding the factors underlying the country’s interracial attitudes is, consequently, important. Social identity theory suggests that Black African attitudes towards White people are connected to their evaluations of South Africa’s other racial minorities. This thesis seems counterintuitive given that White people are associated with a long history of political, economic, and social oppression in the collective memory of many Black African communities. Nationally representative data from the South African Social Attitudes Survey were used to validate the thesis that Black Africans’ evaluations of White people correlated with their assessments of other racial groups. Pairwise correlation analysis was employed to test the article’s hypothesis. The results presented in this article showed that Black Africans’ evaluations towards the White minority correlated with their evaluations of other racial minorities in South Africa. Multivariate analysis, specifically a standard (ordinary least squares) linear regression, was used to confirm the bivariate analysis. Black Africans’ attitudes towards White people were strongly correlated with attitudes towards the country’s two other major racial minorities. This finding held even controlling for contact with White people as well as a range of socio-economic characteristics. The outcomes of this article invite closer examination of the factors that underlie the generality of outgroup evaluations among South Africa’s Black African majority.
Crises impacting South African men’s participation in early socio-education development of children and possible useful interventions
Authors: Okeke Chinedu IO
Published: September 2017

The objective of this study was to establish the factors that hinder men from actively participating in the early socio-education development of their children. An exploratory sequential design and semistructured interviews were used to engage 25 purposively sampled fathers who live in communities within the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. Qualitative data were analysed through analytic induction and grounded theorising and presented descriptively. Coleman’s social capital theory provided the theoretical lenses that enabled an understanding of men’s crises that impacted the rationale for the nature of the interventions suggested in this article. Findings indicate that participants experienced extreme crises that impeded their ability to genuinely participate in early socio-education development of their children. Fathers reported experiencing huge crises, some of which appeared self-imposed. The social system that immensely stereotypes men appeared to further deepen their crises, which resulted in their inability to contribute to children’s socio-education development. Most current explanatory models on men’s participatory experiences in children’s early social development are largely deficient, derogatory, and recriminatory. The author suggests that such interpretive models may be counterproductive. If fathers are to genuinely contribute to children’s socio-education development, father-specific support programmes must be put in place. Some helpful interventions have been suggested.
Gender-Responsive Programs and Services for Girls in Residential Centers: Meeting Different Profiles of Rehabilitation Needs
Authors: Lanctôt Nadine
Published: September 2017

Although research has established the need to provide adolescent girls in care with programs and services that are gender-sensitive, further research is needed to better understand their rehabilitation needs. The goals of this study were to more clearly define the nature and extent of gender differences in the rehabilitation needs of adolescent girls and boys placed in residential centers, and to identify the differing profiles of needs among girls in particular. The sample was drawn from 219 adolescents (92 boys and 127 girls) who had been placed in care and their 131 designated educators. Both groups completed questionnaires about their perceptions of the adolescents’ rehabilitation needs. Findings give added weight to the new generation of studies that clearly demonstrate the importance of going beyond overall comparisons between the genders to instead recognize the heterogeneity of the experiences, characteristics, and needs of adolescent girls placed in residential care.
3D Analytical model of drag and lift force for a conductive plate moving above a Halbach magnet array
Authors: Tongyu Shi , Dazhi Wang
Published: September 2017

When a conductive plate moves above a Halbach magnetic source, a magnetic field will be created in the air gap. This field induces eddy currents in the plate and creates drag and lift forces simultaneously. This phenomenon may be applied into eddy current brakes, couplings or magnetic levitation systems. In this paper, by utilizing the derived analytical field solutions of the Maxwell equations with magnetic scalar potential and magnetic field strength, the 3D lift and drag forces, and the flux density distribution in the air gap are predicted and analysed in the steady-state condition. Calculation results produced by analytical model are compared with those from the 3D finite element method. A prototype of the disk-type permanent magnetic eddy-current coupling has been manufactured to validate the accuracy of the 3D analytical model. The results confirm that, compared with 2D analytical model from the papers that had already published, the results calculated by the 3D analytical model have a higher accuracy in performance analysis. Finally, the characteristics of different kinds of magnet arrays are compared based on the proposed model, and several main problems are analysed and discussed.
Growing into politics? The development of adolescents’ views on democracy over time
Authors: Nieuwelink Hessel , ten Dam Geert , Geijsel Femke , Dekker Paul
Published: September 2017

This study focuses on how views on democracy develop during adolescence. A total of 40 Dutch adolescents were interviewed in their second and fourth year of secondary education. The study shows that the interviewed adolescents do become more familiar with politics but do not develop more nuanced views towards democracy. As the adolescents age, a one-dimensional perspective on democracy becomes more apparent. In the interviewees’ perspective, democracy increasingly equals majority rule. Other aspects, such as minority interests and finding consensus, are increasingly neglected. This study, therefore, suggests that adolescents do not ‘naturally’ develop more complex views on democracy when they age.