bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enacting Freedom of Information Act in Malaysia: A Cost-Benefit Analysis
Authors: Ikhsan Muhammad Izwan , Matah Lenny James
Published: February 2022

Freedom of information (FOI) refers to the right given to the public to seek information from government bodies. In Malaysia, to date, there is no federal legislation on the right to information. The system of official secrecy under the Official Secrets Act 1972 is the default system of information access. This paper aims to discuss the current constitutional setup, information disclosure system in Malaysia and the cost-benefit analysis of enacting the Freedom of Information Act at the Federal level. This article uses content analysis methods of previous literature, courts’ judgements, and statutory interpretation. This article also studies the international paradigm of FOI in various human rights instruments. This article concludes that the arguments favouring enacting the FOI law outweigh the contentions against such regulation.
БОРЬБА С НЕЗАКОННЫМ ОБОРОТОМ ОРУЖИЯ КАК ОДНО ИЗ НАПРАВЛЕНИЙ ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЯ ПРЕСТУПНОСТИ
Authors:   Юридический институт Российский университет транспорта (МИИТ),, ТРОИЦКИЙ АЛЕКСАНДР ОЛЕГОВИЧ , ГОНЧАРОВА МАРИЯ ВИТАЛЬЕВНА ,   Юридический институт Российский университет транспорта (МИИТ),
Published: February 2022

В статье рассматривается проблема борьбы с незаконным оборотом оружия как направления предупреждения преступности. С учетом основных принципов такой деятельности представлены меры, направленные на предупреждение незаконного оборота оружия и преступлений, совершаемых с его использованием.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ МОТИВАЦИИ ПЕРСОНАЛА В УСЛОВИЯХ ПАНДЕМИИ
Authors:   Государственный институт экономики финансов права и технологий, СОКОЛОВА АНАСТАСИЯ АНДРЕЕВНА , ГОЛИВЦОВА НАТАЛИЯ НИКОЛАЕВНА ,   Государственный институт экономики финансов права и технологий
Published: February 2022

В статье изучается вопрос построения системы мотивирования пер-сонала в условиях пандемии. Рассматриваются методы мотивации персонала в условиях кризисной ситуации. Проанализированы изменения происходящие на сегодняшний день в мотивировании сотрудников различных сфер деятельности.
The Distributional Effects of Monetary Policy: Evidence from Local Housing Markets
Authors:   Reserve Bank of Australia, He Calvin , La Cava Gianni ,   Reserve Bank of Australia
Published: February 2022

We document that the effect of monetary policy on housing prices varies substantially by local housing market. We show that this heterogeneity across local housing markets can be partly explained by variation in housing supply conditions – housing prices are typically more sensitive to changes in interest rates in areas where land is more expensive. But other factors are important too. Specifically, we find the sensitivity is greater in areas where incomes are relatively high, households are more indebted and there are more investors. Taken together, this suggests that the state of the economy can affect the sensitivity of housing prices to monetary policy. We also directly explore how monetary policy affects housing wealth inequality. We find that housing prices in more expensive areas are more sensitive to changes in interest rates than in cheaper areas. This suggests that lower interest rates increase housing wealth inequality, while higher rates do the opposite. However, these effects appear to be temporary.
The Determinants of Mortgage Defaults in Australia – Evidence for the Double-trigger Hypothesis
Authors:   Reserve Bank of Australia, Bergmann Michelle
Published: February 2022

I explore the determinants of mortgage defaults in Australia. Specifically, I use a novel two-stage hazard model to examine evidence for the 'double-trigger' hypothesis – that defaults require both an inability to repay the loan and the loan to be in negative equity. My results are broadly consistent with the double-trigger hypothesis. Ability-to-pay factors, such as regional unemployment rates and borrowers' repayment-to-income ratios, are found to be correlated with loans entering arrears. Transitions from arrears to foreclosure, on the other hand, are more closely linked to the extent of negative equity.
The Apartment Shortage
Authors:   Reserve Bank of Australia, Jenner Keaton , Tulip Peter ,   Reserve Bank of Australia
Published: February 2022

This paper measures the excess demand for apartments in Australia's largest cities. We estimate that home buyers will pay an average of $873,000 for a new apartment in Sydney though it only costs $519,000 to supply, a gap of $355,000 (68 per cent of costs). There are smaller gaps of $97,000 (20 per cent of costs) in Melbourne and $10,000 (2 per cent of costs) in Brisbane. The large gaps are sustained by planning restrictions. The shortage of apartments is most severe in the inner suburbs of Sydney, where height limits prevent more construction. Elsewhere, restrictions on converting low-density housing to apartments are important. High-rise apartments are a much less costly means of supplying extra housing than the medium-density housing that some planners favour.
Xalq ta’limi sohasida amalga oshirilgan ma’naviy-ma’rifiy islohotlar (Namangan viloyati misolida)
Authors: Mamasaidov Lutfillo
Published: February 2022

Mazkur maqolada mustaqillikning dastlabki yillaridan to 2005-yilgacha bo’lgan davrda Namangan viloyati xalq ta’lim tizimida mavjud umumiy o’rta ta’lim maktablarida o’quvchilarning bilim salohiyatini oshirish, bo’sh vaqtlarini mazmunli tashkil etish va o’quvchilarni vatanparvarlik ruhida tarbiyalash maqsadida davlatimiz tomonidan amalga oshirilgan ma’naviy-ma’rifiy hamda sport sohasidagi islohotlar, maktablarning moddiy-texnik bazasidagi o’zgarishlar, maktablarda bolalar sportini rivojlantirish bo’yicha amalga oshirilgan ishlar yoritilgan.
Basic concepts of software learning tools
Authors: Akhmedov Yodgorbek
Published: February 2022

Computers are universal devices for processing information. Unlike a telephone, tape recorder, or television, which perform only those functions that are predetermined where personal computers can perform any information processing activity. The article provides an overview about the history of software. The types of software are classified and some software statistics are given.
Comparative analysis of epistemic modal verbs in the three sub-corpora of humanities & social sciences
Authors: KARAHAN Pınar
Published: February 2022

In this study, the use of epistemic modality in the category of modal verbs was comparatively examined in the abstract and introduction sections of journal articles written in the discipline of Humanities & Social Sciences. For this purpose, the Corpus of Journal Articles (CJA) 2014, which is a collection of 760 articles from high-impact journals in 38 disciplines, was used. The Humanities & Social Sciences, within this Corpus, consists of 23 sub-disciplines. The articles written in the discipline of Humanities & Social Sciences have further been divided into three sub-corpora: Research articles, Review articles and Theoretical articles. The CJA 2014 corpus consists of 6,015,063 words in total. This study investigated in quantitative terms the frequency analysis of the modal verbs “could, may, might, should, will, would, couldn’t, wouldn’t, shouldn’t” for the above-stated three sub-corpora in the Humanities & Social Sciences discipline. Log-likelihood tests were performed to determine any significant differences among the three sub-corpora. Findings of the study indicated that the most frequently used modal verbs in both the abstract and introduction sections of the Research Articles sub-corpus are “may, will, should, could”; while the most frequently used modal verbs in the Theoretical sub-corpus are “would, will, may, should”. Lastly, the most frequently used modal verbs in the Review Articles sub-corpus are “may, will, should”. Qualitative examples from the corpora were also provided in the manuscript. This study is expected to have important implications for academic writing in English for different research disciplines and different types of articles.
CARACTERÍSTICAS DA PAISAGEM PARA SUBSIDIAR O MANEJO DOS RECURSOS NATURAIS NA MICROBACIA DO RIO JABUTI, AMAZÔNIA OCIDENTAL, BRASIL
Authors: Bandeira Lucas Borchartt , Vendruscolo Jhony , Santos Junior Nilson Reinaldo Fernandes dos , Cavalheiro Wanderson Cleiton Schmidt , Souza Renato Francisco da Silva , Fulan João  Anderson
Published: February 2022

A caracterização da paisagem da microbacia com o uso do sensoriamento remoto é essencial para o planejamento e conservação dos recursos naturais. Assim, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho realizar o levantamento das características da paisagem da microbacia do rio Jabuti e gerar dados para o desenvolvimento agropecuário sustentável. Os estudos geométricos, topográficos, hidrográficos e da dinâmica da cobertura vegetal foram realizados com o uso dos softwares QGIS, Google Earth e TrackMaker Free, imagens altimétricas (satélite ALOS) e de cobertura do solo (satélites Landsat 5 e Landsat 8), e análise da literatura. A área da microbacia é de 15,72 km2, perímetro de 20,06 km, formato alongado. Com base nas características geométricas a microbacia apresentou de baixa a média suscetibilidade a enchentes. A altitude foi de 266 a 349 m, o relevo predominantemente é suave ondulado (46,37%), seguido de ondulado (34,67%) e plano (15,39%), 89,44% da área apresentou baixo risco para propagação de incêndios e enquadrou-se como apta a extremamente apta a mecanização agrícola. A rede de drenagem é de 36,07 km com padrão dendrítico de 4ª ordem, densidades de nascentes média, densidade de drenagem alta, coeficiente de manutenção de 435,8 m2 m-1, canal principal muito reto e tempo de concentração baixo. A microbacia apresenta alto potencial para o desenvolvimento de atividades agropecuárias e de piscicultura, porém há a necessidade de adoção de práticas conservacionistas e estudos detalhados do ecossistema aquático. Sugere-se estudos para recuperação da vegetação nativa, principalmente em áreas de reserva legal.
Suitability Mapping of Key Crop Commodities in Misamis Occidental, Philippines
Authors:   Mindanao State University at Naawan, Consolacion Jerico , Uy Wilfredo , Leopardas Venus , Parungao Lovely , Marapao Garry , Cabanilla Hessed
Published: February 2022

The agricultural crops of Misamis Occidental are not exempted from the effects of climate change, hence, it is necessary to assess and map-out the key crop commodities in terms of their suitability in the future. Five major crops from the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) and from the Department of Agriculture (DA) were identified and validated by the community stakeholders. These are lowland rice, coconut, banana, cassava, yellow, and white corn. Crop vulnerability and suitability mapping were based on flood and landslide hazards prevalent in the area, biophysical factors together with baseline, and future agro-climatic data. The data were examined and simulated based on Multi-criteria Decision Analysis using Analytical Hierarchy Process in ArcGIS Software Version 10.8.1. Contemporary and future climate projections were derived from downscaled Global Climate Models GCMs and represented by 2050 time-period and two-emission scenarios as described in the 2007 Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change. Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 (medium case scenario) and 8.5 (worst case scenario). The simulation model indicates that these five major crops are not feasible in upland areas (RCP 8.5). However, the trend for corn and banana is moderately suitable in low-lying areas provided that the temperature is higher than the total crop requirement. Planting of cassava, coconut, and rice in low-lying areas has a moderate to high suitability under RCP 8.5. Overall, this study provides prediction on the status and conditions of crops which may adapt and are suitable in low-lying areas but not in upland areas in the future. However, these findings suggest that a thorough monitoring in the field must be done to ensure the crop suitability over the changes of weather pattern.
Effectiveness of Herbicides in Winter Wheat Crops
Authors: Gurmanchuk Oleksiy , Plotnytska Nataliya , Nevmerzhytska Olga , Pavlyuk Iryna , Moshkivska Alyona
Published: February 2022

To obtain high yields of winter wheat, it is important to control the contamination of crops with weeds. It is known that yield losses can be 30% or more due to the presence of segetal vegetation in wheat crops. With intensive technology of growing winter wheat, the chemical method of protection against weeds is an extremely important element. The paper highlights data on the species composition and class of contamination of winter wheat agrocenosis. The effectiveness of herbicides and their tank mixtures in winter wheat crops to reduce the presence of the weed component, increase grain yield and quality in the conditions of Luginsky District of Zhytomyr region on sandy loam soils during 2019-2021 was studied. It is established that the structure of the weed component of agrophytocenosis of winter wheat in farm conditions is dominated by dicotyledonous weed species, namely: field mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.), wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.), wild pansy (Viola tricolor L.), shovelweed (Capsella bursa-pastoris L.), toadpipe (Equisetum arvense L.), and blue bottle flower (Centaurea cyanus L.), the share of which is 64.8%. Graminaceous species of weeds are represented by silky bent grass (Apera spica-venti L.), couch-grass (Elytrigia repens L.), rye brome grass (Bromus secalinus L.). The technical efficiency of the studied herbicides with the separate and joint application was in the range of 60.8-94.6%. The highest indicator of technical efficiency of herbicides in winter wheat crops, which is 94.6%, was obtained in an experiment using a tank mixture of Granstar Pro 75 + Apiros 75 preparations, with norms of 0.025+0.013 kg/ha, as well as an increase in wheat grain yield by 2.0 t/ha compared to the contaminated control. Spraying winter wheat crops with herbicides during the growing season allows improving the quality indicators of the grain yield structure. In particular, the content of protein and fibrin increases by 1.1 times; the moisture content of grain decreases by 1.0-1.1 times, and the content of dirt impurity decreases by 2.8-6.7 times, compared to the control version
Yield of Amaranth (Amaranthus) Depending on the Cultivar in the Conditions of Ukrainian Western Forest-Steppe
Authors: Tyrus Mariia , Lykhochvor Volodymyr
Published: February 2022

Amaranth is called the culture of the future due to its unique food, feeding and medicinal properties. The acreage of Amaranth in Ukraine is very small, which can be explained by the lack of adaptive cultivation technologies, especially for growing this crop for grain. The purpose of the research was to establish the most productive cultivars for growing in the conditions of excessive and sufficient moisture in the western forest-steppe on dark grey soil. For this purpose, field research was conducted in the experimental field of Lviv National Agrarian University. The total area of the site was 30 m2, recording – 20 m2. The studies were conducted in three repetitions. The authors studied seven of the most common cultivars of Amaranth in Ukraine: Kharkivskyi 1, Lera, Sam, Studentskyi, Polishchuk, Aztec, Ultra. It was established that the yield of amaranth considerably depended on the hydrothermal conditions of the year. It was lower in years with excessive rainfall in the first half of vegetation (2019 and 2020). The highest grain yield (2.46-4.35 t/ha) was formed in 2021 when the amount of precipitation in May, June and July was within the normal range. A strong inverse correlation was established (r=-0.82–r=-0.95) between the yield of amaranth cultivars and the amount of precipitation. The highest grain yield (4.03 t/ha) among the studied amaranth cultivars was obtained in Kharkivskyi 1. The lowest yield was formed in the Ultra cultivar (1.97 t/ha), which is less than in the Kharkivskyi 1 cultivar by 2.06 t/ha. The study of elements of the yield structure showed that the height of the plant had a positive effect (r=0.63) on the level of amaranth grain yield, while average relationship was observed between panicle length and yield (r=-0.36). The weight of 1000 seeds in the cultivars ranged from 0.74-0.88 g. The low mass of seeds per plant had the greatest impact on yield (r=0.99). The highest yield of amaranth of the Kharkivskyi 1 cultivar was formed with the following ratio of the main elements of the crop structure: the number of plants – 21 p/m2 and the mass of seeds from the plant – 19.2 g. To obtain a high stable yield of amaranth grain, additional research is required to clarify the main elements of cultivation technology for these soil and climatic conditions
Assessment of the Influence of Adaptability Factors on the Effectiveness of Managing Changes in Enterprises by Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Shpakov Andrii , Stetsenko Sergii , Shpakova Hanna , Sorokina Lesya , Akselrod Roman
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to solving the urgent issue of identifying factors to stimulate staff that will best provide flexibility and the ability to manage changes in the operating system of the enterprise. The purpose of the study is to identify the correlation between the transformation ability of enterprises and the adaptive capabilities of the main driver of change management – personnel, and to identify internal factors that are the drivers of change. The study was conducted on the example of data from Ukrainian construction companies. The McKinsey “7S” model is used as a conceptual framework to identify such factors. According to the model, all factors are grouped by the following components: strategy, skills, shared values (corporate culture), structure, staff, systems, and style. Since the purpose of the study is to identify the impact that adaptive capabilities of staff have on the flexibility and ability to transform the company, the paper describes a model of the impact of factors of the group “staff” on the flexibility and effectiveness of change. The simulation was performed using tools of fuzzy logic. As a result, it was determined that the effectiveness of transformations is influenced by the following indicators: productivity (output), the administrative burden on wages (the ratio of administrative expenses to wages in operating expenses), the availability of employees with higher education among management staff, the experience of management staff, the ratio of labor costs to wage costs. The proposed evaluation system allowed to identify key factors for the transformational ability of enterprises, which will, if necessary, purposefully influence them, achieving the desired level of flexibility and providing adaptive capabilities of the enterprise system. Prospects for further research should be the creation of models based on fuzzy logic, which take into account the influence of factors in the formation of strategy, skills, corporate culture, structure, systems, and style on the transformation ability of enterprises in construction
Teff Production and Marketing Nexus: An Insight from Dera, North West Ethiopia
Authors: Amare Mengistu Negussie
Published: February 2022

Although some production and marketing restrictions are barely defined, Dera area is a potential teff producer in Ethiopia’s Southern Gondar zone. The study analysed teff production, focusing on factors that affect the volume of teff sold, based on data collected from household surveys, respondent interviews, and focus group discussions. Both descriptive and econometric analyses were used. The results show that teff grown in the study area is mixed, practised by 34.5% of households, followed by red teff (32.16%) with commonly used storage facilities such as Gota, Gotera, and Sack. In terms of marketing, the results show that 57.7% of teff produced in the 2019 sowing season was delivered to the market through rural retailers, wholesalers, and directly from producers to consumers. The result of the ordinary least squares estimates of the multiple linear regression model indicates the gender of the head of household, the experience of the head of household, the amount of teff produced, the lag in the market price of teff, on-farm income, in addition to payment outside the teff farm, positively affects the volume of teff sales. In contrast, livestock ownership and distance from the market have a negative and considerable impact. The paper also examines the main limitations and opportunities faced by farmers. The lack of an organised market and price setting is the most common limitation for farmers in the marketing system. Therewith, fraud and fluctuations in supply and demand, as well as insufficient working capital are considerable limitations for traders. However, the growth of urbanisation, continued price increases, and government investment in infrastructure development are great opportunities for both farmers and merchants. Thus, to have better results in the teff market, it is necessary to implement improved negotiation power, accurate market information, and infrastructure development. This study dictates a large number of further studies related to the impact of urbanisation on the consumption of processed teff products
Energy Security in Poland: Where the Energy Sector Falls Short and Where It Can Go
Authors: Amnipour Ariyand
Published: February 2022

In the aftermath of World War II, Poland rebuilt its energy sector through the use of fossil fuels, thus establishing a dependence on coal power. This reliance has slowed its transition to environmentally friendly energy sources, leading to increased greenhouse gas emissions. These characteristics of Poland’s energy sector serve as a roadblock to diversifying the nation’s energy sources and have subsequently resulted in its average energy security and poor environmental sustainability rankings in the top 25 largest on the 2020 International Index of Energy Security Risk. This ranking highlights the areas of improvement necessary for the nation to achieve greater energy security. This paper outlines Poland’s current energy security status and provides policy recommendations that the nation’s federal government can employ to improve overall energy security by diversifying their energy sources and improving the environmental impact of the energy sector.
The Impact of Duty Hour Limits on Sleep Quality of Resident: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Jaradat Roa’a , Lahlouh Amro , Aldabbour Belal , Saadeh Alaa , Mustafa Mohamed
Published: February 2022

Objectives: Resident physicians are particularly prone to sleep disturbance due to long shift hours and excessive workload. Despite the numerous measures undertaken to improve their wellbeing, it is still unknown if limiting the work shift duration would improve sleep quality. We sought to compare sleep quality, anxiety, and depression before and after implementing duty hour limits. We also aim to evaluate how satisfaction with life is related to sleep quality, anxiety, and depression. Methods: We used a self-reported questionnaire to obtain data about sleep quality, anxiety, and depression using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) scales, respectively. Using data from a previous study, we compared those parameters before and after implementing duty hour reduction across several specialties at King Abdullah University Hospital, Jordan. Furthermore, we investigated residents’ life satisfaction using the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Results: One hundred and eighty residents filled the questionnaire (median age = 26.5 years). Males reported higher rates of poor sleep quality while females had higher rates of anxiety and depression. Decreasing the duration of on-call shifts from 32 to 24 hours decreased the prevalence of poor sleep quality from 91.5% to 83.2% (p =0.038), and smoking rates decreased from 30.4% to 12.5% (p < 0.001). More than six on-calls per month were associated with poorer quality of sleep. Night float shifts significantly decreased rates of moderate and severe PHQ-4 scores (p < 0.001). In addition, 63.3% of residents were satisfied with life. Life satisfaction was associated with enhanced sleep quality and lower PHQ-4 scores (p =0.007 and p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Optimizing shift scheduling and duration can positively influence rates of sleep quality, anxiety, depression, and smoking. More interventions should be tackled along with duty hour limits to optimize residents’ life satisfaction.
Economia comportamental aplicada a políticas públicas
Authors: Dantas Yuri
Published: February 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar a possibilidade da aplicação da economia comportamental como catalizadora de resultados em uma política pública. Primeiramente, é preciso mostrar a existência da racionalidade limitada que pode interferir no processo de escolha dos indivíduos. Ademais, é importante legitimar as interferências governamentais que visem a correção de comportamentos sem o uso da coerção. Como estudo de caso, será utilizado o quadro de doação de medula óssea no Brasil. Após a aprovação da lei 13.656/2018, que concede isenção de pagamento da taxa de inscrição de concursos públicos para os cadastrados como doadores de medula, há uma possibilidade de agravamento no quadro de desistências de doação. Dado que a recusa pode ser fatal ao paciente à espera do transplante, será importante a formulação de políticas públicas que promovam o cadastramento consciente, sendo os conhecimentos desenvolvidos pela teoria comportamental um candidato viável.
Bem-estar na abordagem das capacitações e da economia feminista: alguma complementaridade?
Authors: Da Mata Moraes Mayara , Regina Marin Solange
Published: February 2022

O conceito e a avaliação de bem-estar é um objeto de disputa dentro da Economia, lugar em que diferentes teorias pleiteiam sua legitimidade e, por extensão, a dominação científica. Por meio de uma revisão de literatura, o presente trabalho almeja interpelar esse debate fornecendo paralelos entre o entendimento de bem-estar proveniente da Abordagem das Capacitações de Amartya Sen com o da Economia Feminista bem como contrapô-los com o entendimento da teoria econômica neoclássica. Segundo os pressupostos dessa última, o bem-estar é visto como a satisfação de preferências e é avaliado segundo o critério de eficiência de Pareto. O que importa são as consequências das escolhas e atos dos indivíduos para com eles próprios e não considerações éticas sem laços com a satisfação de preferências. Em oposição à essa perspectiva julgada de extremo reducionismo informacional, Sen desenvolve a Abordagem das Capacitações entende bem-estar como uma questão do que os sujeitos são capazes de ser e de fazer e, consequentemente, do tipo de vida que eles, efetivamente, são capazes de conduzir ou de perseguir. A Economia Feminista, também critica à primeira interpretação, observa que o bem-estar deve estar inserido em uma metodologia emergente e mais abrangente chamada de provisão social. Por meio dessa metodologia, a manutenção da sobrevivência humana está entrelaçada em um conjunto de mercadorias e processos que vão além de variáveis meramente materiais. A Abordagem das Capacitações tem aderência ao projeto de pesquisa da Economia Feminista, pois, ao não restringir o bem-estar a questões financeiras, reconhece a diversidade humana e permite pensar em questões dentro e fora do mercado, e endossa os cinco critérios pertinentes à abordagem de provisão social.
Mental Practice and Manipulative Skills Training Among People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sánchez-Herrera-Baeza Patricia , García-Bravo Cristina , Huertas-Hoyas Elisabet , Florencio Lidiane-Lima , Martínez-Piédrola Rosa M , Pérez-Corrales Jorge , Sánchez-Camarero Carlos , Pérez-de-Heredia-Torres Marta
Published: February 2022

Importance: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that produces both motor and cognitive dysfunctions. Impairments in limb function as a result of MS cause a decline in the performance of activities of daily living (ADLs).

Objective: To determine whether the use of mental practice (MP) or MP combined with training in motor manipulation skills (skills training) would improve gross and fine motor skills and treatment satisfaction among people with MS.

Design: Pilot study with a duration of 3 mo plus 3-mo follow-up.

Setting: Two MS associations.

Participants: Thirty-five patients diagnosed with MS of the relapsing–remitting and progressive secondary subtypes, ages 25 to 60 yr.

Intervention: The participants were allocated to one of three groups according to their order of inclusion in the study: (1) MP, (2) MP + skills training, or (3) control group. The treatment protocol had a 6-wk duration and a total of 12 sessions.

Outcomes and Measures: Blinded evaluators performed three assessments for each patient (pretreatment, posttreatment, and 3-mo follow-up) using the Nine-Hole Peg Test, Box and Block Test, ABILHAND, and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM).

Results: We found no evidence of benefits in self-perceived performance of ADLs with respect to gross and fine motor skills; however, there was an improvement in perceived satisfaction and in the performance of activities, independent of the treatment received.

Conclusions and Relevance: Perceived ADL performance and satisfaction with performance increases among people with MS when they receive MP, MP + skills training, and conventional rehabilitation treatment.

What This Article Adds: Mental practice combined with conventional treatment could contribute to patients perceiving improved performance of ADLs. Self-reported outcome measures, such as the COPM, could provide highly valuable information about occupation performance that may not match the objective evidence.
Learning Unlearning: Deja Tu Huella: Youth Art And Unlearning In Colombia
Authors: Campbell Jordan
Published: February 2022

We are all on a journey of learning and unlearning. I’ve always heard that it’s more difficult to re-teach a student a concept once they’ve learned it incorrectly - and I think the same is true for unlearning. We are creatures of habit, and must make a deliberate effort to do this type of work. Who will lead the charge? If Colombia is any indication, it’s the youth who will continue to push global societies to unlearn. Just as it was here in the United States and around the world during the Black Lives Matter summer protests of 2020, youth are the catalysts for unlearning - and often, art is their medium. One of my favorite concepts that I gleaned from this experience is the idea of Deja Tu Huella. In Latin American cultures, this phrase embraces the action of pushing boundaries with your unique individuality and translates to “leave your mark” in English. One of the youth art exhibits I witnessed was entitled Deja Tu Huella and featured youth contributions of what they hoped to see in Colombia’s future - perhaps their own contributions to the betterment of society. I love the specificity and action-oriented nature of this phrase, and it seems to be fairly embedded in the fabric of Latin American cultures. What could be more profound than doing the hard work of unlearning and passing that on, thereby leaving your mark for the greater wellbeing of society?
Introduction to Case-making and Systems Change in Arts & Cultural Education
Authors:   Creative Generation, Schell Laurie ,   ElevateArtsEd
Published: February 2022

Introduction to Case-making and Systems Change in Arts & Cultural Education is an overview of a collaborative project between Creative Generation and ElevateArtsEd undertaken to better understand how practitioners - such as artists, educators, community leaders, and more - can make the case for and also advocate through arts and culture to drive systemic change and address complex challenges. The project seeks to expand the knowledge base of case-making and systems change in the field of arts and cultural education and provide resources to support effective actions for practitioners and young creatives. Investigating both the theory and the practice of case-making, the introductory article draws on research from three distinct sectors: cultural, education, and social justice. The approach represents both the science of advocacy-- building blocks for understanding what effective advocacy looks like-- and the art of advocacy with calls for improvisation, adaptability, and generative thinking, all characteristics of art making. The article describes six key learning themes and an expanded model for advocacy focused on self, field, and sector through an overarching lens of social justice.
Challenges and Opportunities in Ensuring Ethical Research in Africa
Authors: Maseme Mantombi
Published: February 2022

The main ethical issues specific to the African continent research agenda relate to the vulnerability of African researchers, particularly as a result of inadequate resources, inadequate or lack of applicable legislation, and genetic variability of African populations that make samples from such populations most sought-after by researchers from other continents. This paper explores some of the ethical research challenges in Africa through an ethico-legal assessment of the literature and offers opportunities for addressing these challenges. The literature review findings revealed ethical dilemmas that include consent issues, cross-border transfer of samples and material transfer agreements, commodification of human material as well as benefit sharing. Based on these findings, opportunities for ethical research arise and these include benefit sharing such as researcher recognition and participating community study-related health benefits and well-defined agreements that consider appropriate specimen access and use. Significant changes in African research status quo are required to counter the effects of ethical research challenges, thereby ensuring sound ethical conduct and integrity in research. In addition to the noted opportunities, this paper also recommends monitoring of the fate of exported samples and proposes an ethical matrix that can be used by governments and institutions in addressing the highlighted research challenges in ethical decision making and policy intervention.
MAKNA KASIH DALAM KOMPOSISI “UNA LIMOSNA POR EL AMOR DE DIOS” KARYA AGUSIN BARRIOS MANGORE
Authors: Rusman Recky , Maragani Meyltsan Herbert
Published: February 2022

Abstract

This research aims to describe the meaning of love in the composition "Una Limosnita Por El Amor de Dios" by Agustin Barrios Mangore. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a qualitative descriptive approach. Based on the results of the analysis and interpretation of the data, an indication that the meaning of love from the composition "Una Limosnita Por El Amor de Dios" is reflected in the title and musical elements in the composition. The title of the song, which means "Charity for the Love of God" has the meaning of living in loving one another (Philia's love) to reflect God's love (Agape love). The elements that support the delivery of meaning in the composition of the song Una Limosnita Por El Amor de Dios are the use of minor scales and modulation to major notes, stepping melody intervals, tremolo ornaments throughout the song, intros which are accompaniment motifs along the song, there are along Picardy at the end of the repetition of the theme, the use of the plot is diminished before the major line at the end of the song, the dynamics that are played are based on the feelings of the player.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA SMP KELAS VIII PADA MATA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DENGAN PEMBELAJARAN TIPE JIGSAW
Authors: LUKITO LUKITO
Published: February 2022

Efforts to improve the learning achievement of 8th grade junior high school students in Islamic religious education subject’s jigsaw type learning model at SMP 10 Balikpapan for the 2018-2019 school year. This research is classroom action research that aims to improve the learning achievement of 8th grade junior high school student at SMP 10 Balikpapan with a jigsaw type learning model. The subject of this research are students of class 8-I at SMP 10 Balikpapan as many as 32 students. Data collection tolls used in the form of observation sheets and ordinary multiple choice objective tests, based on the result of observation in the actions of cycle I and cycle IIthere was an increase in student achievement. Generally, obtained 88,09% of students in cycle I and 91,63% of students in cycle II. This increase in learning achievement occurs because each student discusses the division of his group into expert groups based on the teacher’s direction. Likewise, in the group from which the discussion originated, students were enthusiastic to present the result of the discussion. Furthermore, it was found that increase in learning outcomes was seen in the gain index criteria for each student, there are 12 moderate students and 20 high students in cycle I to 8 moderate students, 24 high students in cycle II.
ABSTRAKUpaya meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Siswa SMP Kelas VIII Pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Model Pembelajaran Tipe Jigsaw di SMP Negeri 10 Balikpapan Tahun Ajaran 2018-2019. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar Siswa SMP Negeri 10 Balikpapan kelas VIII-I dengan model pembelajaran tipe jegsaw. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII-I SMP Negeri 10 Balikpapan sebanyak 32 peserta didik. Alat pengumpul data yang digunakan berupa lembar observasi dan tes objektif pilihan ganda biasa, berdasarkan hasil observasi pada tindakan siklus I dan siklus II terdapat peningkatan prestasi siswa. Secara umum diperoleh 88,09% siswa pada siklus I dan 91,63% pada siklus II. Peningkatan prestasi belajar ini terjadi dikarenakan setiap siswa mendiskusikan pembagian anggota kelompoknya ke dalam kelompok ahli berdasarkan pengarahan guru, demikian pula pada kelompok asal diskusi siswa antusias untuk mempresentasikan hasil diskusi. Selanjutnya didapatkan pada peningkatan hasil belajar yang tampak pada kreteria indeks gain tiap siswa yaitu 12 siswa sedang dan 20 siswa tinggi pada siklus I menjadi 8 siswa sedang, 24 siswa tinggi pada siklus II
Sources and processes of iron aerosols in a megacity in Eastern China
Authors: Zhu Yanhong , Li Weijun , Wang Yue , Zhang Jian , Liu Lei , Xu Liang , Xu Jingsha , Shi Jinhui , Shao Longyi , Fu Pingqing , Zhang Daizhou , Shi Zongbo
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Iron (Fe) in aerosol particles is a major external source
of micronutrients for marine ecosystems and poses a potential threat to
human health. To understand the impacts of aerosol Fe, it is essential to
quantify the sources of dissolved Fe and total Fe. In this study, we applied receptor modeling for the first time to apportion the sources of
dissolved Fe and total Fe in fine particles collected under five different
weather conditions in the Hangzhou megacity of Eastern China, which is upwind of the East Asian outflow. Results showed that Fe solubility (dissolved Fe to total Fe) was the largest on fog days (6.7 ± 3.0 %), followed by haze (4.8 ± 1.9 %), dust (2.1 ± 0.7 %), clear (1.9 ± 1.0 %), and rain (0.9 ± 0.5 %) days. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis suggested that industrial emissions were the largest contributor to dissolved Fe (44.5 %–72.4 %) and total Fe (39.1 %–55.0 %, except for dust days) during haze, fog, dust, and clear days. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of individual particles showed that > 75 % of Fe-containing particles were internally mixed with acidic secondary aerosol species on haze, fog, dust, and clear days. Furthermore, Fe solubility showed significant positive correlations with aerosol
acidity/total Fe and liquid water content. These results indicated that the wet surface of aerosol particles promotes heterogeneous reactions between acidic species and Fe aerosols, contributing to a high Fe solubility.
Development and application of a street-level meteorology and pollutant tracking system (S-TRACK)
Authors: Zhang Huan , Gong Sunling , Zhang Lei , Ni Jingwei , He Jianjun , Wang Yaqiang , Wang Xu , Shi Lixin , Mo Jingyue , Ke Huabing , Lu Shuhua
Published: February 2022

Abstract. A multi-model simulation system for street-level
circulation and pollutant tracking (S-TRACK) has been developed by
integrating the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF), the STAR-CCM+
(computational fluid dynamics model – CFD), and the Flexible Particle
(FLEXPART) models. The winter wind environmental characteristics and the
potential contribution of traffic sources to nearby receptor sites in a city
district of China are analysed with the system for January 2019. It is found
that complex building layouts change the structure of the wind field and
thus have an impact on the transport of pollutants. The wind speed inside
the building block is lower than the background wind speed due to the
dragging effect of dense buildings. Ventilation is better when the dominant
airflow is in the same direction as the building layout. Influenced by the
building layout, the local circulations show that the windward side of the
building is mostly the divergence zone, and the leeward side is mostly the
convergence zone, which is more obvious for high buildings. With the
hypothesis that the traffic sources are uniformly distributed on each road
and with identical traffic intensity, the potential contribution ratios
(PCRs) of four traffic sources to certain specific sites under the influence
of the street-level circulations are estimated with the method of residence
time analysis. It is found that the contribution ratio varies with the
height of the receptor site. As a result of the generally upward motion in
the airflow, the position with the greatest PCR from the four road traffic
sources is located at a certain height which is commonly influenced by the
distance of this location from the traffic source and the background wind
field (about 15 m in this study). The potential contribution of a road to
one of the receptor sites is also investigated under different wind
directions. The established system and the results can be used to understand
the characteristics of urban wind environment and to help the air pollution
control planning in urban areas.
A Semi-Lagrangian Method for Detecting and Tracking Deep Convective Clouds in Geostationary Satellite Observations
Authors: Jones William K. , Christensen Matthew W. , Stier Philip
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Automated methods for the detection and tracking of deep convective storms in geostationary satellite imagery have a vital role in both the forecasting of severe storms and research into their behaviour. Studying the interactions and feedbacks between multiple deep convective clouds, however, poses a challenge for existing algorithms due to the necessary compromise between false detection and missed detection errors. We utilise an optical flow method to determine the motion of deep convective clouds in GOES-16 ABI imagery in order to construct a semi-Lagrangian framework for the motion of the cloud field, independently of the detection and tracking of cloud objects. The semi-Lagrangian framework allows for severe storms to be simultaneously detected and tracked in both spatial and temporal dimensions. For the purpose of this framework we have developed a novel Lagrangian convolution method and a number of novel implementations of morphological image operations that account for the motion of observed objects. These novel methods allow the accurate extension of computer vision techniques to the temporal domain for moving objects such as DCCs. By combining this framework with existing methods for detecting deep convective clouds (including detection of growing cores through cloud top cooling and detection of anvil using brightness temperature), we show that the novel framework enables reductions in errors due to both false and missed detections compared to any of the individual methods, reducing the need to compromise when compared with existing frameworks. The novel framework enables the continuous tracking of anvil clouds associated with detected deep convection after convective activity has stopped, enabling the study of the entire lifecycle of deep convective clouds and their associated anvils. Furthermore, we expect this framework to applicable to a wide range of cases including the detection and tracking of low-level clouds and other atmospheric phenomena. In addition, this framework may be used to combine observations from multiple sources, including satellite observations, weather radar and reanalysis model data.
Highly resolved mapping of NO2 vertical column densities from GeoTASO measurements over a megacity and industrial area during the KORUS-AQ campaign
Authors: Choo Gyo-Hwang , Lee Kyunghwa , Hong Hyunkee , Jeong Ukkyo , Choi Wonei , Janz Scott J.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The Korea-United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) campaign is a joint study between the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the South Korea National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) to monitor megacity and transboundary air pollution around the Korean Peninsula using airborne and ground-based measurements. Here, tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) slant column density (SCD) measurements were retrieved from Geostationary Trace and Aerosol Sensor Optimization (GeoTASO) L1B data during the KORUS-AQ campaign (May 1 to June 10, 2016). The retrieved SCDs were converted to tropospheric vertical column densities using the air mass factor (AMF) obtained from a radiative transfer calculation with trace gas profiles and aerosol property inputs simulated with the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model and surface reflectance data obtained from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). For the first time, we examine highly resolved (250 m × 250 m resolution) tropospheric NO2 over the Seoul and Busan metropolitan regions, and the industrial regions of Anmyeon. We reveal that the maximum NO2 VCDs were 4.94 × 1016 and 1.46 × 1017 molecules cm−2 at 9 AM and 3 PM over Seoul, respectively, 6.86 × 1016 and 4.89 × 1016 molecules cm−2 in the morning and afternoon over Busan, respectively, and 1.64 × 1016 molecules cm−2 over Anmyeon. The data retrieved from the GeoTASO airborne instrument were well correlated with those obtained from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) (r = 0.65), NASA’s Pandora Spectrometer System (r = 0.84), and NO2 mixing ratios obtained from in situ measurements (r = 0.78 in the afternoon). Based on our results, GeoTASO is useful for identifying hotspots of NO2 and its spatial distribution in highly populated cities and industrial areas.