bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Occurs Independently of CSF Osmolality
Authors: Lolansen Sara Diana , Rostgaard Nina , Capion Tenna , Norager Nicolas H. , Olsen Markus Harboe , Juhler Marianne , Mathiesen Tiit Illimar , MacAulay Nanna
Published: July 2023

The molecular mechanisms underlying the development of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) remain incompletely understood. As the disease pathogenesis often cannot be attributed to visible cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage obstructions, we here aimed to elucidate whether elevated CSF osmolality following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) could potentiate the formation of ventricular fluid, and thereby contribute to the pathological CSF accumulation observed in PHH. The CSF osmolality was determined in 32 patients with acute SAH after external ventricular drainage (EVD) placement and again upon EVD removal and compared with the CSF osmolality from 14 healthy control subjects undergoing vascular clipping of an unruptured aneurism. However, we found no evidence of elevated CSF osmolality or electrolyte concentration in patients with SAH when compared to that of healthy control subjects. We detected no difference in CSF osmolality and electrolyte content in patients with successful EVD weaning versus those that were shunted due to PHH. Taken together, elevated CSF osmolality does not appear to underlie the development of PHH following SAH. The pathological CSF accumulation observed in this patient group must thus instead be attributed to other pathological alterations associated with the abnormal presence of blood within the CSF compartments following SAH.
Human Mutated MYOT and CRYAB Genes Cause a Myopathic Phenotype in Zebrafish
Authors: Cannone Elena , Guglielmi Valeria , Marchetto Giulia , Tobia Chiara , Gnutti Barbara , Cisterna Barbara , Tonin Paola , Barbon Alessandro , Vattemi Gaetano , Schiavone Marco
Published: July 2023

Myofibrillar myopathies (MFMs) are a group of hereditary neuromuscular disorders sharing common histological features, such as myofibrillar derangement, Z-disk disintegration, and the accumulation of degradation products into protein aggregates. They are caused by mutations in several genes that encode either structural proteins or molecular chaperones. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which mutated genes result in protein aggregation are still unknown. To unveil the role of myotilin and αB-crystallin in the pathogenesis of MFM, we injected zebrafish fertilized eggs at the one-cell stage with expression plasmids harboring cDNA sequences of human wildtype or mutated MYOT (p.Ser95Ile) and human wildtype or mutated CRYAB (p.Gly154Ser). We evaluated the effects on fish survival, motor behavior, muscle structure and development. We found that transgenic zebrafish showed morphological defects that were more severe in those overexpressing mutant genes. which developed a myopathic phenotype consistent with that of human myofibrillar myopathy, including the formation of protein aggregates. Results indicate that pathogenic mutations in myotilin and αB-crystallin genes associated with MFM cause a structural and functional impairment of the skeletal muscle in zebrafish, thereby making this non-mammalian organism a powerful model to dissect disease pathogenesis and find possible druggable targets.
Inhibiting miR-195-5p Induces Proliferation of Human Corneal Endothelial Cells
Authors: Parekh Mohit , Ramos Tiago , Ferrari Stefano , Ahmad Sajjad
Published: July 2023

Transparency of the human cornea is responsible for clear vision, which is maintained by a monolayer of non-proliferative human corneal endothelial cells (HCEnCs). Dysfunction of these cells can result in irreversible corneal blindness. It is important to identify key factors that limit the proliferation of HCEnCs and thus attempt to reverse them. Extracellular vesicles contain cargo which includes microRNAs (miRNAs) that can modulate a cellular function. In non small cell lung cancer, expression of miR-195-5p has been shown to inhibit proliferation; therefore, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of miR-195-5p in inducing the proliferation of HCEnCs. Human corneal endothelial cell line (HCEC-12) and primary HCEnCs were cultured with miR-195-5p scramble, mimic or inhibitor. Corneal tissues from human cadaveric and FECD donors, and from pigs, mice and rabbits, were used for RT-PCR. miR-195-5p showed an abundance value of 11,363.31 a.u. When normalized against HCEnCs from cadaveric donors, FECD tissues showed a significant upregulation of miR-195-5p (p < 0.05) but was significantly downregulated in pig (p < 0.001), mouse (p < 0.01) and rabbit (p < 0.001) CEnCs, which have known proliferative capacity. Proliferation, cell doubling, and wound healing rates were significantly higher when miR-195-5p was inhibited. Inhibiting miR-195-5p showed a significant improvement in viability (HEC staining), decreased cell apoptosis (TdT-dNTP staining) and expression of ZO-1, NA+/K+-ATPase and Ki-67 markers. Expression of miR-195-5p is found in HCEnCs and FECD cells, which restricts the proliferation of these cells. However, inhibiting miR-195-5p can induce the proliferation of HCEnCs, which opens exciting directions for future research in prolonging FECD pathogenesis by increasing the proliferative capacity of HCEnCs using anti-miR therapy in vivo.
Drosophila Phosphatase of Regenerating Liver Is Critical for Photoreceptor Cell Polarity and Survival during Retinal Development
Authors: Chen Shu-Fen , Hsien Hsin-Lun , Wang Ting-Fang , Lin Ming-Der
Published: July 2023

Establishing apicobasal polarity, involving intricate interactions among polarity regulators, is key for epithelial cell function. Though phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL) proteins are implicated in diverse biological processes, including cancer, their developmental role remains unclear. In this study, we explore the role of Drosophila PRL (dPRL) in photoreceptor cell development. We reveal that dPRL, requiring a C-terminal prenylation motif, is highly enriched in the apical membrane of developing photoreceptor cells. Moreover, dPRL knockdown during retinal development results in adult Drosophila retinal degeneration, caused by hid-induced apoptosis. dPRL depletion also mislocalizes cell adhesion and polarity proteins like Armadillo, Crumbs, and DaPKC and relocates the basolateral protein, alpha subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase, to the presumed apical membrane. Importantly, this polarity disruption is not secondary to apoptosis, as suppressing hid expression does not rescue the polarity defect in dPRL-depleted photoreceptor cells. These findings underscore dPRL’s crucial role in photoreceptor cell polarity and emphasize PRL’s importance in establishing epithelial polarity and maintaining cell survival during retinal development, offering new insights into PRL’s role in normal epithelium.
Aggravation of TGFβ1-Smad Pathway and Autoimmune Myocarditis by Fungicide (Tebuconazole) Exposure
Authors: Marino Ylenia , Arangia Alessia , D’Amico Ramona , Cordaro Marika , Siracusa Rosalba , Impellizzeri Daniela , Gugliandolo Enrico , Fusco Roberta , Cuzzocrea Salvatore , Di Paola Rosanna
Published: July 2023

Myocarditis is an inflammatory cardiac disorder and the primary cause of heart failure in young adults. Its origins can be attributed to various factors, including bacterial or viral infections, exposure to toxins or drugs, endocrine disruptors (EDs), and autoimmune processes. Tebuconazole (TEB), which is a member of the triazole fungicide family, is utilized to safeguard agricultural crop plants against fungal pathogens. Although TEB poses serious threats to mammal health, the information about how it induces toxic effects through various pathways, particularly in autoimmune diseases, are still limited. Thus, the aim of this paper was to evaluate the effect of TEB exposure in autoimmune myocarditis (AM). To induce AM, rats were immunized with porcine cardiac myosin and exposed to TEB for 21 days. Thereafter, animals were sacrificed, and histological, biochemical, and molecular analyses were performed. TEB exposure increased heart weight, systolic blood pressure and heart rate already augmented by AM. Additionally, it significantly increased creatine phosphokinase heart (CK-MB), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), cardiac troponin T (cTnT), and cardiac troponin I (cTnI), as compared to the control. From the histological perspective, TEB exacerbates the histological damage induced by AM (necrosis, inflammation and cell infiltration) and increased fibrosis and collagen deposition. TEB exposure strongly increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and prooxidant levels (O2−, H2O2, NO2−, lipid peroxidation) and reduced antioxidant enzyme levels, which were already dysregulated by AM. Additionally, TEB increased NOX-4 expression and the TGFβ1-Smads pathway already activated by AM. Overall, our results showed that TEB exposure strongly aggravated the cardiotoxicity induced by AM.
Neurogenic Fever after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Animal Models: A Systematic Review
Authors: Migliorino Ernesto , Nonino Francesco , Amici Roberto , Tupone Domenico , Aspide Raffaele
Published: July 2023

The observation of neurogenic fever resulting from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in animal models is a useful tool for the interpretation of its pathophysiology in humans, which is still a major challenge in the management of neurocritical patients. This systematic review aims to identify the prognostic factors and pathophysiological elements that determine the onset of neurogenic fever and its severity in animal models. In addition, our study aims to analyze which pharmacological treatments are most effective. All the articles available in Pubmed, Embase, and the Biological Science Collection until August 2021 concerning in vivo experimental studies on SAH animal models, including full texts and abstracts written in English and Italian, were considered. The risk of bias was assessed with SYRCLE’s Risk of Bias tool. In total, 81 records were retrieved; after excluding duplicates, 76 records were potentially relevant. A total of 64 articles was excluded after title and abstract screening. The remaining 12 studies were evaluated as full texts, and 6 other studies were excluded (SAH-induced animal studies without a body temperature assessment). In one study, body temperature was measured after SAH induction, but the authors did not report temperature recording. Therefore, only five studies met the search criteria. The high methodological heterogeneity (different animal species, different temperature measurement methods, and different methods of the induction of bleeding) prevented meta-analysis. Synthesis methodology without meta-analysis (SWiM) was used for data analysis. The total number of animals used as controls was 87 (23 rabbits, 32 mice, and 32 rats), while there were 130 animals used as interventions (54 rabbits, 44 mice, and 32 rats). The presence of blood in the subarachnoid space, particularly red blood cells, is responsible for neurogenic fever; the role of hemoglobin is unclear. The mechanism is apparently not mediated by prostaglandins. The autonomic nervous system innervating brown adipose tissue is undoubtedly implicated in the onset of neurogenic fever. The activation of the central adenosine-1 receptor is effective in controlling the temperature of animals with neurogenic fever (by inhibiting thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue).
Micro-Fragmented Adipose Tissue as a Natural Scaffold for Targeted Drug Delivery in Brain Cancer
Authors: Salagean Alex , Nechifor-Boila Adela , Bajwa Nosherwan , Pastorello Ylenia , Slevin Mark
Published: July 2023

Major limitations in the effective treatment of neurological cancer include systemic cytotoxicity of chemotherapy, inaccessibility, and inoperability. The capability to successfully target a drug to the tumor site(s) without incurring serious side effects—especially in the case of aggressive tumors, such as glioblastoma and neuroblastoma—would represent a significant breakthrough in therapy. Orthotopic systems, capable of storing and releasing proteins over a prolonged period at the site of a tumor, that utilize nanoparticles, liposomes, and hydrogels have been proposed. One candidate for drug delivery is Micro-Fragmented Adipose Tissue (MFAT). Easily obtained from the patient by abdominal subcutaneous liposuction (autologous), and with a high content of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), mechanically derived nanofat is a natural tissue graft with a structural scaffold organization. It has a well-preserved stromal vascular fraction and a prolonged capacity to secrete anti-tumorigenic concentrations of pre-absorbed chemotherapeutics within extracellular vesicles. This review discusses current evidence supporting the potential of drug-modified MFAT for the treatment of neurological cancer with respect to recent preclinical and in vitro studies. Possible limitations and future perspectives are considered.
Editorial: Special Issue “Stem Cell Biology and Cancer”
Authors: Vicente-Dueñas Carolina , Sánchez-García Isidro , Brown Geoffrey
Published: July 2023

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are now well-established as key players in tumor initiation, progression, and therapy resistance [...]
Value of the Lymphocyte Transformation Test for the Diagnosis of Drug-Induced Hypersensitivity Reactions in Hospitalized Patients with Severe COVID-19
Authors: Fernández-Lozano Carlos , Solano Solares Emilio , Elías-Sáenz Isabel , Pérez-Allegue Isabel , Fernández-Guarino Monserrat , Fernández-Nieto Diego , Díaz Montalvo Laura , González-de-Olano David , de Andrés Ana , Martínez-Botas Javier , de la Hoz Caballer Belén
Published: July 2023

In the first wave of COVID-19, up to 20% of patients had skin lesions with variable characteristics. There is no clear evidence of the involvement of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in all cases; some of these lesions may be secondary to drug hypersensitivity. To analyze the possible cause of the skin lesions, we performed a complete allergology study on 11 patients. One year after recovery from COVID-19, we performed a lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) and Th1/Th2 cytokine secretion assays for PBMCs. We included five nonallergic patients treated with the same drugs without lesions. Except for one patient who had an immediate reaction to azithromycin, all patients had a positive LTT result for at least one of the drugs tested (azithromycin, clavulanic acid, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, and ritonavir). None of the nonallergic patients had a positive LTT result. We found mixed Th1/Th2 cytokine secretion (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IFN-γ) in patients with skin lesions corresponding to mixed drug hypersensitivity type IVa and IVb. In all cases, we identified a candidate drug as the culprit for skin lesions during SARS-CoV-2 infection, although only three patients had a positive drug challenge. Therefore, it would be reasonable to recommend avoiding the drug in question in all cases.
Strain Modulation of Electronic Properties in Monolayer SnP2S6 and GeP2S6
Authors: Zhou Junlei , Gu Yuzhou , Xie Yue-E , Qiao Fen , Yuan Jiaren , He Jingjing , Wang Sake , Li Yangsheng , Zhou Yangbo
Published: July 2023

In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted significant attention due to their distinctive properties, including exceptional mechanical flexibility and tunable electronic properties. Via the first-principles calculation, we investigate the effect of strain on the electronic properties of monolayer SnP2S6 and GeP2S6. We find that monolayer SnP2S6 is an indirect bandgap semiconductor, while monolayer GeP2S6 is a direct bandgap semiconductor. Notably, under uniform biaxial strains, SnP2S6 undergoes an indirect-to-direct bandgap transition at 4.0% biaxial compressive strains, while GeP2S6 exhibits a direct-to-indirect transition at 2.0% biaxial tensile strain. The changes in the conduction band edge can be attributed to the high-symmetry point Γ being more sensitive to strain than K. Thus, the relocation of the conduction band and valence band edges in monolayer SnP2S6 and GeP2S6 induces a direct-to-indirect and indirect-to-direct bandgap transition, respectively. Consequently, the strain is an effective band engineering scheme which is crucial for the design and development of next-generation nanoelectronic and optoelectronic devices.
Homogeneous Metal-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of CO2 Derivatives: Towards Indirect Conversion of CO2 to Methanol
Authors: Andizhanova Tolganay , Adilkhanova Aziza , Khalimon Andrey
Published: July 2023

The increase in anthropogenic CO2 concentrations and associated environmental issues have demanded the development of technologies for CO2 utilization. Among various potential solutions to decrease CO2 emissions and achieve carbon neutrality, the recycling of post-combustion CO2 into value-added chemicals and fuels is considered one of the most economically attractive processes. In this regard, due to its large global demand and versatile applications in the chemical and energy sectors, methanol serves as the most appealing target for the chemical utilization of CO2. However, direct hydrogenation of CO2 to MeOH has proved challenging due to selectivity issues and high energy input, mainly dependent on CO2-emitting fossil energy sources. To address these challenges, an alternative indirect CO2-to-MeOH methodology has been proposed, which involves the hydrogenation of CO2 via the intermediate formation of well-known CO2 derivatives, such as formates, carbonates, formamides, carbamates, and urea derivatives. Homogeneous transition metal catalysts have been at the center of this research avenue, potentially allowing for more selective and low-temperature alternative routes from CO2 to MeOH. This review aims to highlight the advances and challenges in homogeneous transition metal-catalyzed hydrogenation of major CO2 derivatives to MeOH. Special attention is paid to the mechanisms of such transformations.
Transannular Selenocyclofunctionalization of 1,5-cyclooctadiene: The Antioxidant Properties of 9-selenabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Derivatives and the Discovery of Increasing Both GPx and GR Activities
Authors: Musalov Maxim V. , Kapustina Irina S. , Spiridonova Ekaterina V. , Ozolina Natalya V. , Amosova Svetlana V. , Borodina Tatyana N. , Potapov Vladimir A.
Published: July 2023

Oxidative stress is the cause of various pathologies and disorders of cellular functions. Substances that reduce the pathological effect of oxidative stress on homeostasis include organoselenium compounds of natural and synthetic origin. Depending on the structure, organoselenium compounds can exhibit different biological activities, for example, reducing oxidative stress, participating in the regulation of signaling systems, influencing the synthesis of cytokines, etc. This makes them promising products for the development of new means of metabolic correction and drugs with enzyme-like activity. This study is aimed at developing an effective method for the synthesis of functional organoselenium compounds and studying their antioxidant effect in vivo under stress conditions. A one-pot catalyst-free method of transannular addition-functionalization of cis,cis-1,5-cyclooctadiene with selenium dihalides in the presence of nucleophiles was developed. For the first time, the antioxidant activity of functionalized 9-selenabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes was studied in vivo. Quantitative characteristics of the effect on the level of lipid peroxidation and the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase under stress conditions were obtained. The effect of substituents in the selenium-containing scaffold on the biological activity of the compounds was studied. The water-soluble 9-selenabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives, containing hydroxyl and 2-hydroxyethoxy groups, which increased the activity of both glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, were discovered.
Investigating the Association between Coronary Artery Disease and the Liver Fibrosis-4 Index in Patients Who Underwent Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hirata Tetsuo , Shiga Yuhei , Tashiro Kohei , Higashi Sara , Tachibana Tetsuro , Kawahira Yuto , Suematsu Yasunori , Kuwano Takashi , Sugihara Makoto , Miura Shin-ichiro
Published: July 2023

Liver fibrosis scores, indicative of hepatic scarring, have recently been linked to coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated the association between CAD and the fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4I) in patients who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). This study included 1244 patients who were clinically suspected of having CAD. The presence or absence of CAD was the primary endpoint. FIB-4I was higher in the CAD group than in the non-CAD group (1.95 ± 1.21 versus [vs.] 1.65 ± 1.22, p < 0.001). FIB-4I was also higher in the hypertension (HTN) group than in the non-HTN group (1.90 ± 1.32 vs. 1.60 ± 0.98, p < 0.001). In all patients, high FIB-4I (≥2.67) was a predictor of presence of CAD (odds ratio [OR]: 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.30–2.83, p = 0.001), and low FIB-4I (≤1.29) was proven to be a predictor of absence of CAD (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.48–0.88, p = 0.006). In the HTN group, high and low FIB-4I levels, were found to be predictors for CAD (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.26–3.21, p < 0.001 and OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.45–0.94, p < 0.022, respectively), in particular. FIB-4I may serve as a diagnostic indicator of the presence or absence of CAD in hypertensive patients undergoing CCTA.
Association between Dietary Habits and Sarcopenia in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Topan Mirabela-Madalina , Sporea Ioan , Dănilă Mirela , Popescu Alina , Ghiuchici Ana-Maria , Lupușoru Raluca , Șirli Roxana
Published: July 2023

Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity are frequent complications of cirrhosis, and the dietary patterns of patients with these diseases significantly impact the development of both conditions. This study aims to evaluate the adequacy of the dietary intake of patients with liver cirrhosis. A total of 201 patients with liver cirrhosis were included in this analysis. We evaluated the nutritional status of the patients as stated by EWGSOP2 criteria. Subjects were divided into three groups: non-sarcopenic, sarcopenic, and with sarcopenic obesity. We conducted a dietary assessment three times over nonconsecutive 24 h periods within a month. According to EWGSOP2 criteria, combining low handgrip strength with low skeletal muscle index, the prevalence of sarcopenia was 57.2%. Sarcopenic obesity was found in 25.3% of patients. In the sarcopenic group of patients, the energy intake was lower than the current recommendations. Regarding protein intake, the consumption was relatively low in both sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity samples of patients (0.85 g/kg body weight and 0.77 g/kg BW, p < 0.0001). Patients had a median of 2–3 eating episodes daily, and they often missed late-evening snacks. In conclusion, diet quality in cirrhotic patients was relatively poor, and energy and protein intakes were lower than suggested.
Defining the Role of Anaortic Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Ramponi Fabio , Seco Michael , Vallely Michael P.
Published: July 2023

As the population ages and co-morbidities become more prevalent, the complexity of patients presenting for coronary artery bypass surgery is increasing. Cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamping in these patients carry increased risk and, indeed, in some patients, with ascending aortic disease, the risks are prohibitive. Total-arterial anaortic coronary artery surgery is a technique that provides complete surgical coronary artery revascularization without cardiopulmonary bypass and without manipulating the ascending aorta. The technique essentially eliminates the risk of cerebral embolization of aortic atheroma and aortic injury. Anaortic techniques are an essential skillset for coronary artery surgery centers treating higher-risk patients.
CLOSE-Guided Pulmonary Vein Isolation to Treat Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: 1-Year Outcome
Authors: Taghji Philippe , Deharo Jean-Claude , Amraoui Sana , Bun Sok-Sithikun
Published: July 2023

Background: CLOSE-guided pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is based on contiguous and optimized (Ablation Index-guided) radiofrequency lesions. The efficacy of CLOSE-guided PVI in persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) treatment has been poorly evaluated. Methods: In two centers, 50 patients eligible for persistent AF ablation underwent CLOSE-guided PVI (Ablation Index ≥ 450 at the anterior wall, ≥300 at posterior wall, intertag distance ≤ 6 mm). If PVI failed to restore sinus rhythm (SR), electrical cardioversion (ECV) was performed. Atrial substrate modification (ASM) was performed only if PVI and ECV failed to restore SR. Recurrence was defined as any recorded episode of AF, atrial tachycardia (AT) or atrial flutter (AFL) > 30 s on Holter electrocardiographs at 3, 6 and 12 months. Results: From the 50 patients (64 ± 10 years, 14% long-standing persistent AF), SR was restored by ECV in 34 patients (68%) 56 ± 38 days prior to ablation. On the day of ablation, 42 patients (84%) were on class I-III anti-arrhythmic drug therapy (ADT) and the rhythm was AF in 23/50 patients. PVI was achieved in all patients; after PVI, ECV was required in 21 patients and ASM in 1 patient. The mean procedure time, radiofrequency time and fluoroscopy time were 141 ± 33 min, 23 ± 7 min and 7 ± 6 min, respectively. At 12 months, single-procedure freedom from AF/AT/AFL was 80%, with 19 patients (38%) receiving class I-III ADT. Conclusions: In a population of patients with persistent AF monitored with intermittent cardiac rhythm recordings, CLOSE-guided PVI resulted in high single-procedure arrhythmia-free survival at 1 year. Future large-scale studies involving continuous cardiac monitoring are necessary.
Revision Hip Arthroplasty Using a Modular Head–Neck Adapter System and a Ceramic Head: 5-Year Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes
Authors: Caternicchia Filippo , Fantoni Valentina , Poletto Andrea , Pardo Francesco , Castagnini Francesco , Traina Francesco
Published: July 2023

Introduction: A modular head–neck adapter system may help surgeons restore the proximal hip biomechanics in revision hip arthroplasty. However, the clinical and radiographic 5-year outcomes of the system are still scarcely reported. The aim of this study is the assessment of (1) complications and survival rates, (2) clinical and (3) radiological outcomes of the modular head–neck adapter system with a ceramic head in revision hip arthroplasty at 5 years. Methods: 32 revision hip arthroplasties using a modular head–neck adapter system and a ceramic head were retrospectively recorded. Preoperative demographic and implant features were collected. Clinical and radiographic outcomes, failures and reasons for re-revisions were recorded at the last follow-up. Results: A mean follow-up of 59.8 ± 26 months was achieved. The survival rate was 90.6% at 5 years. Post-operative complications occurred in nine cases (28.1%): two dislocations (6.2%), one aseptic cup loosening (3.1%) requiring re-revision, one (3.1%) persistent pelvic pseudotumor requiring embolization. No mechanical failures of the adapter or ceramic head occurred. The mean post-operative HHS score was 84.4 points. Thirteen cases (40.6%) showed optimal radiographic cup osseointegration, and 17 hips (53.1%) showed valid stem osseointegration. The mean post-operative femoral offset was 48.84 mm, larger than the contralateral side (p = 0.02). The post-operative lateralization of the hip joint was 38.09 mm, close to the contralateral side (p = 0.4). Conclusions: In revisions, the modular head–neck adapter system with ceramic head provided good clinical outcomes and acceptable radiographic reconstruction of hip biomechanics, with a survival rate of 87.9% at 5 years.
SARS-CoV-2 Related Myocarditis: What We Know So Far
Authors: Mistrulli Raffaella , Ferrera Armando , Muthukkattil Melwyn Luis , Volpe Massimo , Barbato Emanuele , Battistoni Allegra
Published: July 2023

A minority of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) develop cardiovascular complications, such as acute cardiac lesions with elevated troponins, de novo systolic heart failure, pericardial effusion and, rarely, acute myocarditis. The prevalence of COVID-19-related myocarditis ranges from 10 to 105 cases per 100,000 COVID-19-infected individuals, with a male predominance (58%) and a median age of 50 years. The etiopathogenetic mechanism is currently unclear, but may involve direct virus-mediated damage or an exaggerated immune response to the virus. Mortality is high, as fulminant myocarditis (FM) develops very often in the form of cardiogenic shock and ventricular arrhythmias. Hence, medical therapy with ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers may not always be sufficient, in which case inotropic and immunosuppressive drugs, most commonly corticosteroids, may be necessary. In this review we analyze the current data on COVID-19 myocarditis, management strategies and therapy, with a brief description of COVID-19 vaccine-associated myocarditis to help clinicians dealing with this peculiar form of myocarditis.
Recommendations for the Management of Cardiomyopathy Mutation Carriers: Evidence, Doubts, and Intentions
Authors: Couto José F. , Martins Elisabete
Published: July 2023

Cardiomyopathies may be hereditary and associated with a familial predilection. Morbidity and mortality can be caused by heart failure, sudden death, or arrhythmias. Sometimes these events are the first manifestations of cardiovascular disease. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy are perhaps most thoroughly studied in that context. Dilated cardiomyopathy, although most frequently of secondary etiology, has a significant familial cluster. Noncompaction of the left ventricle can sometimes be seen in healthy individuals and, in other instances, is associated with severe LV dysfunction. Genetic testing is of utmost importance, since it might allow for the identification of individuals carrying mutations predisposing them to these diseases. In addition, certain variants may benefit from tailored therapeutic regimens, and thus searching for a causal mutation can impact clinical practice and is recommended for all patients with HCM or ACM. Patients with DCM and positive family history should be included as well. Regular follow-ups are advised, even in those with negative phenotypes, because these disorders are often age dependent. During pregnancy and in the case of athletes, special consideration should be made as well. We intend to summarize the most current evidence regarding their management.
Early Management of Severe Biliary Infection in the Era of the Tokyo Guidelines
Authors: Nve Esther , Badia Josep M. , Amillo-Zaragüeta Mireia , Juvany Montserrat , Mourelo-Fariña Mónica , Jorba Rosa
Published: July 2023

Sepsis of biliary origin is increasing worldwide and has become one of the leading causes of emergency department admissions. The presence of multi-resistant bacteria (MRB) is increasing, and mortality rates may reach 20%. This review focuses on the changes induced by the Tokyo guidelines and new concepts related to the early treatment of severe biliary disease. If cholecystitis or cholangitis is suspected, ultrasound is the imaging test of choice. Appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment should be initiated promptly, and selection should be performed while bearing in mind the severity and risk factors for MRB. In acute cholecystitis, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the main therapeutic intervention. In patients not suitable for surgery, percutaneous cholecystostomy is a valid alternative for controlling the infection. Treatment of severe acute cholangitis is based on endoscopic or transhepatic bile duct drainage and antibiotic therapy. Endoscopic ultrasound and other new endoscopic techniques have been added to the arsenal as novel alternatives in high-risk patients. However, biliary infections remain serious conditions that can lead to sepsis and death. The introduction of internationally accepted guidelines, based on clinical presentation, laboratory tests, and imaging, provides a framework for their rapid diagnosis and treatment. Prompt assessment of patient severity, timely initiation of antimicrobials, and early control of the source of infection are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality rates.
Diagnostic Criteria and Prognostic Relevance of Sarcopenia in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Systematic Review
Authors: Potcovaru Claudia-Gabriela , Filip Petruța Violeta , Neagu Oana-Maria , Diaconu Laura Sorina , Salmen Teodor , Cinteză Delia , Pantea Stoian Anca , Bobirca Florin , Berteanu Mihai , Pop Corina
Published: July 2023

Background: Sarcopenia is a syndrome characteristic in elderly patients and is also associated with a significant proportion of chronic disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this case, it can lead to a worse prognosis of the disease and a decreased quality of life. Study Aim: This study aims to identify the best ways to diagnose sarcopenia in patients with IBD, establish its impact on the course of the disease, and find preventive methods to counteract the effects of sarcopenia in the outcome of patients with IBD and, therefore, minimize disabilities and increase the health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Material and Methods: A systematic review with the Prospero registration number CRD42023398886 was performed in PubMed and Web of Science databases, evaluating all original articles published in the last 10 years (clinical trials and randomized control trials) that describe sarcopenia and IBD in the human adult population. Results: From the 16 articles that were included, 5 articles defined sarcopenia by the skeletal muscle index (SMI) and reported data regarding its correlation with body composition: BMI; visceral fat (VF); subcutaneous fat (SC); and VF/SC index. Other articles evaluated the link between sarcopenia and the total psoas muscle area, thigh circumference, calf circumference, subjective global assessment, hand grip strength, and appendicular SMI, alongside inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and C-reactive protein, level of disability, malnutrition, frailty, resistance training alone and in combination with whey protein, and infliximab treatment. Discussions and Conclusions: There is a great heterogeneity regarding the assessment criteria and methods used to diagnose sarcopenia due to the variability of population characteristics, both anthropometric and socio-cultural, alongside the high variability in the cut-offs. Therefore, any method which identifies sarcopenia in IBD patients, thus enabling intervention, may provide good results for patient quality of life and outcomes.
Skin Bank Establishment in Treatment of Severe Burn Injuries: Overview and Experience with Skin Allografts at the Vienna Burn Center
Authors: Staud Clement J. , Resch Annika , Christ Alexandra , Borger Anton , Zaussinger Maximilian , Teufelsbauer Maryana , Worel Nina , Radtke Christine
Published: July 2023

Depending on their extent, burn injuries require different treatment strategies. In cases of severe large-area trauma, the availability of vital skin for autografting is limited. Donor skin allografts are a well-established but rarely standardized option for temporary wound coverage. Ten patients were eligible for inclusion in this retrospective study. Overall, 202 donor skin grafts obtained from the in-house skin bank were applied in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna. Between 2017 and 2022, we analysed the results in patient treatment, the selection of skin donors, tissue procurement, tissue processing and storage of allografts, as well as the condition and morphology of the allografts before application. The average Abbreviated Burn Severity Index (ABSI) was 8.5 (range, 5–12), and the mean affected total body surface area (TBSA) was 46.1% (range, 20–80%). In total, allograft application was performed 14 times. In two cases, a total of eight allografts were removed due to local infection, accounting for 3.96% of skin grafts. Six patients survived the acute phase of treatment. Scanning electron microscope images and histology showed no signs of scaffold decomposition and intact tissue layers of the allografts. The skin banking program and the application of skin allografts at the Vienna Burn Center can be considered successful. In severe burn injuries, skin allografts provide time by serving as sufficient wound coverage after early necrosectomy. Having an in-house skin banking program at a dedicated burn centre is particularly advantageous since issues of availability and distribution can be minimized. Skin allografts provide a reliable treatment option in patients with extensive burn injuries.
TiO2-CoFe2O4 and TiO2-CuFe2O4 Composite Films: A New Approach to Synthesis, Characterization, and Optical and Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Balatskiy Denis , Budnikova Yulia , Bratskaya Svetlana , Vasilyeva Marina
Published: July 2023

Here, we report a new simple and fast method of cobalt and copper ferrites film fabrication on the Ti/TiO2 surface. The approach is based on the deposition of gelatin gel containing copper and cobalt nitrates on the surface of porous oxide-silicon coatings on titanium obtained by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) followed by two-stage annealing at 300 °C and 800 °C to yield ferrite films with good adhesion to PEO layer. The presence of Co/Cu ferrite phases was confirmed by EDX analysis, XRD, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. TiO2-CoFe2O4 and TiO2-CuFe2O4 composite films have excellent performance in the photocatalytic degradation of indigo carmine as a model dye at pH 3 under UV and visible irradiation. The suggested approach to obtain ferrite/TiO2 composite films is promising for the development of magnetic materials, sensors, catalysts, and photocatalysts for various applications.
Decreased Expression of Pulmonary Homeobox NKX2.1 and Surfactant Protein C in Developing Lungs That Over-Express Receptors for Advanced Glycation End-Products (RAGE)
Authors: Clarke Derek M. , Curtis Katrina L. , Wendt Ryan A. , Stapley Brendan M. , Clark Evan T. , Beckett Nathan , Campbell Kennedy M. , Arroyo Juan A. , Reynolds Paul R.
Published: July 2023

Receptors for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) are multi-ligand cell surface receptors of the immunoglobin superfamily prominently expressed by lung epithelium. Previous experiments demonstrated that over-expression of RAGE by murine alveolar epithelium throughout embryonic development causes neonatal lethality coincident with significant lung hypoplasia. In the current study, we evaluated the expression of NKX2.1 (also referred to as TTF-1), a homeodomain-containing transcription factor critical for branching morphogenesis, in mice that differentially expressed RAGE. We also contextualized NKX2.1 expression with the abundance of FoxA2, a winged double helix DNA binding protein that influences respiratory epithelial cell differentiation and surfactant protein expression. Conditional RAGE over-expression was induced in mouse lung throughout gestation (embryonic day E0–18.5), as well as during the critical saccular period of development (E15.5–18.5), and analyses were conducted at E18.5. Histology revealed markedly less lung parenchyma beginning in the canalicular stage of lung development and continuing throughout the saccular period. We discovered consistently decreased expression of both NKX2.1 and FoxA2 in lungs from transgenic (TG) mice compared to littermate controls. We also observed diminished surfactant protein C in TG mice, suggesting possible hindered differentiation and/or proliferation of alveolar epithelial cells under the genetic control of these two critical transcription factors. These results demonstrate that RAGE must be specifically regulated during lung formation. Perturbation of epithelial cell differentiation culminating in respiratory distress and perinatal lethality may coincide with elevated RAGE expression in the lung parenchyma.
Non-Cognitive Specificities of Intellectually Gifted Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Tourreix Emma , Besançon Maud , Gonthier Corentin
Published: July 2023

For several years, there was a growing interest in intellectual giftedness and in particular in the non-cognitive specificities of gifted individuals. This topic attracted much public attention and sometimes led to contradictions with the scientific literature. The current review synthesizes a broad set of results related to non-cognitive specificities of intellectual gifted in children and adolescents. This synthesis of scientific research on giftedness and its associated non-cognitive features does not support the conclusion that there is a stable profile across gifted individuals that would consistently separate them from non-gifted individuals. A few specificities in some areas are noted, but they are not necessarily being systematic. These specificities often turn out to be in favor of gifted youth, contrary to the view sometimes defended in the general public that gifted individuals suffer from major everyday difficulties. Finally, methodological issues are listed regarding the designs of existing studies, with recommendations for future research in the field.
Semi-Analytical Methods for the Joint Strength and Sealing Performance in the Failure Process of the Subsea Pipeline Compression Connector
Authors: Li Zhenyu , Wang Gang , Wang Xiangyu , Yao Shaoming , Yun Feihong , Jia Peng , Wang Liquan
Published: July 2023

Radial seals are sensitive to axial overload failure and may cause leaks. This paper presents two semi-analytical methods for the joint strength and sealing performance of the subsea pipeline compression connector under axial overload failure. The method for the joint strength consists of two parts: One is the analytical model for the joint strength of the connection and seal under axial tension and compression conditions. The models are based on membrane theory, considering the hardening and bending effects. The other is a two-dimensional, axisymmetric finite element model for the joint strength of the radial metal seal. The semi-analytical method for the overload sealing performance is derived using a finite element model and the Reynolds equation of the laminar flow. The effects of critical parameters on the joint strength and the overload sealing performance are analyzed. The experiments are carried out with specimens and prototypes to evaluate the evolution of the sealing interface and the joint strength. The results show that both the internally turned sealing surface and the deflection of the pipe can improve the joint strength. In addition, the compression-type connector can remain sealed under the maximum axial overload. The proposed methods allow the prediction and identification of the overload joint strength and the sealing condition of the compression-type connector and provide a better understanding of the radial metal seal under the axial overload condition.
PROMETHEE-Based Multi-AUV Threat Assessment Method Using Combinational Weights
Authors: Yu Dan , Wang Hongjian , Li Benyin , Wang Zhao , Ren Jingfei , Wang Xiaoning
Published: July 2023

The assessment of multiple incoming autonomous underwater vehicles (multi-AUVs) and threat prioritization are critical to underwater defense. To solve problems troubling multi-AUV threat assessment solutions, such as difficult data analysis, high subjectivity, and rigid prioritization logic, we propose the PROMETHEE algorithm based on fusion weights calculated twice by entropy and an analytic network process (ANP), respectively. First, according to AUV detection performance and underwater confrontation situation analysis, the main criteria and indicators of threat assessment are determined. The threat assessment system is provided by unified measurement of these indicators. Then, through analysis and assessment, the weighting algorithm is designed using entropy and ANP. The subjective weight calculated based on ANP and the objective weight obtained based on the entropy method are fused twice to obtain the combined weights, and the influence of subjective and objective factors on problem analysis is considered. Finally, by analyzing the simulation results of a multi-AUV, it is proven that the proposed algorithm is scientific and effective for AUV threat assessment. According to the experimental results, accurate evaluation of the target improved by at least 10%, enabling delivery of results close to the real confrontation situation with high reliability.
Numerical Investigation on Cavitation Vortex Dynamics of a Centrifugal Pump Based on Vorticity Transport Method
Authors: Meng Qinghui , Shen Xi , Zhao Xutao , Yang Gang , Zhang Desheng
Published: July 2023

Cavitation is one of the most important aspects of the stable and safe operation of a centrifugal pump. To examine the dynamics of cavitation vortex in a centrifugal pump, the cavitating flow is investigated by using the modified shear stress transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model with the Zwart cavitation model. The numerical results are confirmed by comparing them with those obtained from experimental tests. The results show that there is a critical cavitation number of σc at each flow rate condition. As the cavitation number σ exceeds σc, the pump head remains stable. Conversely, the head rapidly decreases when the σ falls below σc. As the σ decreases, the pump experiences successively incipient cavitation, slight cavitation, and severe cavitation. At the stage of severe cavitation conditions, the vortex structures are generated at the tail of cavitation in the flow passage. The vorticity transport method is employed to analyze the vortex dynamics, and it is found that the vortex area contains high vorticity. The dominant contribution to the generation of vorticity comes from the vortex stretching and dilation terms acting in different directions. The contribution of the baroclinic torque to vorticity generation at the vapor-liquid interface is significant. The Coriolis force has a negligible impact on vorticity transport.
Modelling Coastal Morphodynamic Evolution under Human Impacts: A Review
Authors: Deng Junjie , Yu Hongze
Published: July 2023

Coastal and estuarine morphogenetic evolution has been affected by anthropogenic activities. Human activities have become an important external force for the future prediction of morphological evolution in ecosystem health. We have reviewed the existing literature on modelling the impacts of human activities on morphological changes. Three types of approaches (the application of coastal-area morphodynamic models, equilibrium modelling, and machine learning) are introduced collaboratively to complement each other. The Bayes network of machine learning approaches can be used to include the uncertainties of forces and the intrinsic limitations of the models. Future research should consider the bio-morphodynamic effects of human activities, as human activities have significantly damaged the ecosystem. Modelling morphodynamic processes in benthic communities, as well as feedback to morphodynamics, appears to be increasingly important for ecosystem protection and restoration. From the perspective of a longer time span, the feedback of morphodynamics for human activities should be considered in the modelling, which requires better quantification and understanding of human–nature interactions.