bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling heme-mediated brain injury associated with cerebral malaria in human brain cortical organoids
Authors: Harbuzariu Adriana , Pitts Sidney , Cespedes Juan Carlos , Harp Keri Oxendine , Nti Annette , Shaw Andrew P. , Liu Mingli , Stiles Jonathan K.
Published: December 2019

Human cerebral malaria (HCM), a severe encephalopathy associated with Plasmodium falciparum infection, has a 20–30% mortality rate and predominantly affects African children. The mechanisms mediating HCM-associated brain injury are difficult to study in human subjects, highlighting the urgent need for non-invasive ex vivo human models. HCM elevates the systemic levels of free heme, which damages the blood-brain barrier and neurons in distinct regions of the brain. We determined the effects of heme on induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and a three-dimensional cortical organoid system and assessed apoptosis and differentiation. We evaluated biomarkers associated with heme-induced brain injury, including a pro-inflammatory chemokine, CXCL-10, and its receptor, CXCR3, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and a receptor tyrosine-protein kinase, ERBB4, in the organoids. We then tested the neuroprotective effect of neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) against heme treatment in organoids. Neural stem and mature cells differentially expressed CXCL-10, CXCR3, BDNF and ERBB4 in the developing organoids and in response to heme-induced neuronal injury. The organoids underwent apoptosis and structural changes that were attenuated by NRG-1. Thus, cortical organoids can be used to model heme-induced cortical brain injury associated with HCM pathogenesis as well as for testing agents that reduce brain injury and neurological sequelae.
Structural basis for the activation and inhibition of Sirtuin 6 by quercetin and its derivatives
Authors: You Weijie , Zheng Wei , Weiss Sandra , Chua Katrin F. , Steegborn Clemens
Published: December 2019

Mammalian Sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) is an NAD+-dependent protein deacylase regulating metabolism and chromatin homeostasis. Sirt6 activation protects against metabolic and aging-related diseases, and Sirt6 inhibition is considered a cancer therapy. Available Sirt6 modulators show insufficient potency and specificity, and even partially contradictory Sirt6 effects were reported for the plant flavone quercetin. To understand Sirt6 modulation by quercetin-based compounds, we analysed their binding and activity effects on Sirt6 and other Sirtuin isoforms and solved crystal structures of compound complexes with Sirt6 and Sirt2. We find that quercetin activates Sirt6 via the isoform-specific binding site for pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines. Its inhibitory effect on other isoforms is based on an alternative binding site at the active site entrance. Based on these insights, we identified isoquercetin as a ligand that can discriminate both sites and thus activates Sirt6 with increased specificity. Furthermore, we find that quercetin derivatives that inhibit rather than activate Sirt6 exploit the same general Sirt6 binding site as the activators, identifying it as a versatile allosteric site for Sirt6 modulation. Our results thus provide a structural basis for Sirtuin effects of quercetin-related compounds and helpful insights for Sirt6-targeted drug development.
Parameters Influencing Cavitation Within Vials Subjected to Drop Shock
Authors: Valotta Rodrigues Rafael , Puryear Meagen , Sederstrom Donn , Lengsfeld Corinne S.
Published: December 2019

The pharmaceutical industry has made improvements to mitigate protein degradation during the drug manufacturing process, storage, and transportation. However, there is less quality control after the manufacturer releases the drug. Previous research has shown that drop shock due to mishandling and accidental dropping of therapeutic vials may cause cavitation, aggregation, and particle formation. In this study, the cavitation behavior of Deionized (DI) water and 10mM L-Histidine buffer solution which were subjected to drop shock by hand dropping were investigated to study the effects of vial materials, solutions, fill volumes, drop heights, and internal vial geometries. A Phantom v7 high-speed camera was used to record images at a rate of 66,700 frames per second of the vials as they underwent drop shock. These videos were then reviewed to find the angle of impact, and to determine if there was cavitation. The results indicate that decreasing fill height by using a smaller fill volume or larger diameter vials were found to mitigate cavitation across drop heights. Secondly, results indicate there is a significant difference between the cavitation behavior of glass and plastic vials, and plastic had more cavitation cases. Lastly, there was not a significant difference in the occurrence of cavitation between DI water and L-Histidine buffer solution.
SimpactCyan 1.0: An Open-source Simulator for Individual-Based Models in HIV Epidemiology with R and Python Interfaces
Authors: Liesenborgs Jori , Hendrickx Diana M. , Kuylen Elise , Niyukuri David , Hens Niel , Delva Wim
Published: December 2019

SimpactCyan is an open-source simulator for individual-based models in HIV epidemiology. Its core algorithm is written in C++ for computational efficiency, while the R and Python interfaces aim to make the tool accessible to the fast-growing community of R and Python users. Transmission, treatment and prevention of HIV infections in dynamic sexual networks are simulated by discrete events. A generic “intervention” event allows model parameters to be changed over time, and can be used to model medical and behavioural HIV prevention programmes. First, we describe a more efficient variant of the modified Next Reaction Method that drives our continuous-time simulator. Next, we outline key built-in features and assumptions of individual-based models formulated in SimpactCyan, and provide code snippets for how to formulate, execute and analyse models in SimpactCyan through its R and Python interfaces. Lastly, we give two examples of applications in HIV epidemiology: the first demonstrates how the software can be used to estimate the impact of progressive changes to the eligibility criteria for HIV treatment on HIV incidence. The second example illustrates the use of SimpactCyan as a data-generating tool for assessing the performance of a phylodynamic inference framework.
Physiological resistance alters behavioral response of Tetranychus urticae to acaricides
Authors: Adesanya Adekunle W. , Beauchamp Michael J. , Lavine Mark D. , Lavine Laura C. , Zhu Fang , Walsh Doug B.
Published: December 2019

Multiple acaricide resistance in Tetranychus urticae continues to threaten crop production globally, justifying the need to adequately study resistance for sustainable pest management. Most studies on acaricide resistance have focused on the acute contact toxicity of acaricides with little or no information on the behavioral responses elicited after acaricide exposure. Furthermore, the impact of physiological resistance on these behavioral responses remains unknown in most pest species, including T. urticae. We tested the effect of acaricide resistance on contact toxicity, irritancy and repellency of mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor of complex I (MET-I) and mite growth inhibitor (MGI) acaricides on multiple T. urticae strains. We also tested whether acaricides with similar physiological target site/mode of action also elicit similar behavioral effects on T. urticae strains. MET-I acaricides (fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, and pyrabiden) and MGIs (clofentezine, hexythiazox and etoxazole) elicited a dose-dependent irritant and repellent effect on T. urticae. Selection of strains for physiological resistance to these acaricides affected the behavioral response of T. urticae, especially in MET-I resistant strains, that showed reduced irritancy and repellency to MET-I acaricides. Behavioral response also affected the oviposition of T. urticae, where strains generally showed preferential oviposition away from the acaricides. The outcome of this study highlights negative consequences of acaricide resistance that can potentially affect T. urticae management.
Effect of diaphragm and abdominal muscle training on pelvic floor strength and endurance: results of a prospective randomized trial
Authors: Zachovajeviene B. , Siupsinskas L. , Zachovajevas P. , Venclovas Z. , Milonas D.
Published: December 2019

Pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) play a crucial role in urinary continence. Therefore, training the PFMs remains the most popular conservative treatment for urinary incontinence (UI). The effect of training other body muscles on the PFMs is unclear and mostly hypothetical. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of postoperative diaphragm muscle, abdominal muscle and PFM training on PFM strength (PFMS) and endurance (PFME) as well as on UI in men after radical prostatectomy (RP). Per-protocol PFMS, PFME and urine loss measurements were performed at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. The primary endpoints were PFMS and PFME differences among the study groups. The secondary endpoint was the correlation between UI and PFMS and PFME. In total, 148 men were randomized to the treatment groups. An increase in PFMS and PFME was observed in all groups compared to baseline (p < 0.001). The greatest difference in PFMS was in the PFM training group, but diaphragm training had the best effect on PFME. The highest (from moderate to strong) correlation between UI and PFME and PFMS (r = −0.61 and r = −0.89, respectively) was observed in the diaphragm training group. Despite different but significant effects on PFMS and PFME, all rehabilitation-training programmes decreased UI in men after RP.
Degradation and mineralization of 4-tert-butylphenol in water using Fe-doped TiO2 catalysts
Authors: Makhatova Ardak , Ulykbanova Gaukhar , Sadyk Shynggys , Sarsenbay Kali , Atabaev Timur Sh. , Inglezakis Vassilis J. , Poulopoulos Stavros G.
Published: December 2019

In the present work, the photocatalytic degradation and mineralization of 4-tert-butylphenol in water was studied using Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles under UV light irradiation. Fe-doped TiO2 catalysts (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 wt.%) were prepared using wet impregnation and characterized via SEM/EDS, XRD, XRF and TEM, while their photocatalytic activity and stability was attended via total organic carbon, 4-tert-butyl phenol, acetic acid, formic acid and leached iron concentrations measurements. The effect of H2O2 addition was also examined. The 4% Fe/TiO2 demonstrated the highest photocatalytic efficiency in terms of total organic carbon removal (86%). The application of UV/H2O2 resulted in 31% total organic carbon removal and 100% 4-t-butylphenol conversion, however combining Fe/TiO2 catalysts with H2O2 under UV irradiation did not improve the photocatalytic performance. Increasing the content of iron on the catalyst from 0.5 to 4% considerably decreased the intermediates formed and increased the production of carbon dioxide. The photocatalytic degradation of 4-tert-butylphenol followed pseudo-second order kinetics. Leaching of iron was observed mainly in the case of 4% Fe/TiO2, but it was considered negligible taking into account the iron load on catalysts. The electric energy per order was found in the range of 28–147 kWh/m3/order and increased with increasing the iron content of the catalyst.
Mass spectrometry reveals the presence of specific set of epigenetic DNA modifications in the Norway spruce genome
Authors: Yakovlev Igor A. , Gackowski Daniel , Abakir Abdulkadir , Viejo Marcos , Ruzov Alexey , Olinski Ryszard , Starczak Marta , Fossdal Carl Gunnar , Krutovsky Konstantin V.
Published: December 2019

5-Methylcytosine (5mC) is an epigenetic modification involved in regulation of gene expression in metazoans and plants. Iron-(II)/α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases can oxidize 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). Although these oxidized forms of 5mC may serve as demethylation intermediates or contribute to transcriptional regulation in animals and fungi, experimental evidence for their presence in plant genomes is ambiguous. Here, employing reversed-phase HPLC coupled with sensitive mass spectrometry, we demonstrated that, unlike 5caC, both 5hmC and 5fC are detectable in non-negligible quantities in the DNA of a conifer, Norway spruce. Remarkably, whereas 5hmC content of spruce DNA is approximately 100-fold lower relative to human colorectal carcinoma cells, the levels of both - 5fC and a thymine base modification, 5-hydroxymethyluracil, are comparable in these systems. We confirmed the presence of modified DNA bases by immunohistochemistry in Norway spruce buds based on peroxidase-conjugated antibodies and tyramide signal amplification. Our results reveal the presence of specific range of noncanonical DNA bases in conifer genomes implying potential roles for these modifications in plant development and homeostasis.
Fast media optimization for mixotrophic cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris
Authors: Ward Valerie C. A. , Rehmann Lars
Published: December 2019

Microalgae can accumulate large proportions of their dry cell weight as storage lipids when grown under appropriate nutrient limiting conditions. While a high ratio of carbon to nitrogen is often cited as the primary mode of triggering lipid accumulation in microalgae, fast optimization strategies to increase lipid production for mixotrophic cultivation have been difficult to developed due to the low cell densities of algal cultures, and consequently the limited amount of biomass available for compositional analysis. Response surface methodologies provide a power tool for assessing complex relationships such as the interaction between the carbon source and nitrogen source. A 15 run Box-Behnken design performed in shaker flasks was effective in studying the effect of carbon, nitrogen, and magnesium on the growth rate, maximum cell density, lipid accumulation rate, and glucose consumption rate. Using end-point dry cell weight and total lipid content as assessed by direct transesterification to FAME, numerical optimization resulted in a significant increase in lipid content from 18.5 ± 0.76% to 37.6 ± 0.12% and a cell density of 5.3 ± 0.1 g/L to 6.1 ± 0.1 g/L between the centre point of the design and the optimized culture conditions. The presented optimization process required less than 2 weeks to complete, was simple, and resulted in an overall lipid productivity of 383 mg/L·d.
Investigation of the cause of reduced sugar content in Kiyomi tangor fruit of Ziyang xiangcheng (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka) rootstock
Authors: Dong Tiantian , Xiong Bo , Huang Shengjia , Liao Ling , Qiu Xia , Sun Guochao , He Yunzhenzi , Duan Changwen , Wang Xiaojia , Zhang Xu , Li Sichen , Zhu Jin , Wang Zhihui
Published: December 2019

Ziyang xiangcheng (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka) (Cj) rootstock is effective in Citrus production; however, when Cj rootstock was used, sugar content in Kiyomi tangor fruit was significantly lower than that in the fruit produced using Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. rootstock (Pt). Therefore, using K. tangor, we explored the cause of this difference, determining sugar accumulation, sucrose-metabolism enzyme activities, and gene expression. Before ripening, sugar content in fruits with Cj rootstock was significantly lower than that in fruits with Pt rootstock, due to low fructose and sucrose content. Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity of Pt was higher than that of Cj in the early growth stage (at 90–210 days after anthesis), however it was opposite at 240–300 days after anthesis. Additionally, neutral invertase (NI) activity of Pt was higher than that of Cj. Gene expression in Pt was higher than that in Cj, but is was essentially the same at maturity. SPS and NI activities and CitSPS1 expression were positively correlated with sucrose, fructose, and glucose content, but CSCW1 expression was negatively correlated with the sugars. Overall, the weak flavour of K. tangor fruit with Cj rootstock was regulated by the sucrose metabolism-related enzymes and gene expression.
SP-D attenuates LPS-induced formation of human neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), protecting pulmonary surfactant inactivation by NETs
Authors: Arroyo Raquel , Khan Meraj Alam , Echaide Mercedes , Pérez-Gil Jesús , Palaniyar Nades
Published: December 2019

An exacerbated amount of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can cause dysfunction of systems during inflammation. However, host proteins and factors that suppress NET formation (NETosis) are not clearly identified. Here we show that an innate immune collectin, pulmonary surfactant protein-D (SP-D), attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated NETosis in human neutrophils by binding to LPS. SP-D deficiency in mice (Sftpd−/−) leads to excess NET formation in the lungs during LPS-mediated inflammation. In the absence of SP-D, NETs inhibit the surface-active properties of lung surfactant, essential to prevent the collapse of alveoli, the air breathing structures of the lungs. SP-D reverses NET-mediated inhibition of surfactant and restores the biophysical properties of surfactant. To the best of our knowledge, this study establishes for the first time that (i) SP-D suppresses LPS-mediated NETosis, (ii) NETs inhibit pulmonary surfactant function in the absence of SP-D, and (iii) SP-D can restore NET-mediated inhibition of the surfactant system.
N-Glycosylation profiling of intact target proteins by high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) and glycan analysis using ion mobility-MS/MS
Authors: Quaranta Alessandro , Spasova Maya , Passarini Elena , Karlsson Isabella , Ndreu Lorena , Thorsén Gunnar , Ilag Leopold L.
Published: December 2019

Glycosylation characterization could lead to the discovery of biomarkers and is crucial in quality control of biopharmaceuticals. Here we present a method to quantify glycoforms on intact proteins, with parallel glycan identification by IMS-MS/MS.
Authentication of organic sugars by NIR spectroscopy and partial least squares with discriminant analysis
Authors: de Oliveira Vitória Maria Almeida Teodoro , Baqueta Michel Rocha , Março Paulo Henrique , Valderrama Patrícia
Published: December 2019

The present study evaluated the potential of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy coupled with partial least squares with discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) for the authentication of organic sugars.
Iron-catalyzed stereospecific arylation of enol tosylates using Grignard reagents
Authors: Wei Yi-Ming , Ma Xiao-Di , Wang Lei , Duan Xin-Fang
Published: December 2019

Iron-catalyzed stereospecific arylation of enol tosylates with Grignard reagents.
One-pot synthesis of bimetallic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as acid–base bifunctional catalysts for tandem reaction
Authors: Hu Yanjing , Zhang Jian , Huo Hang , Wang Zhe , Xu Xianzhu , Yang Yulin , Lin Kaifeng , Fan Ruiqing
Published: December 2019

Bimetallic MIL-101(Al/Fe)–NH2 exhibits enhanced acid–base bifunctional catalytic activity due to its synergistic mechanism and hierarchical pore system.
Facile synthesis of a new Cu(ii) complex with an unsymmetrical ligand and its use as an O3 donor metalloligand in the synthesis of Cu(ii)–Mn(ii) complexes: structures, magnetic properties, and catalytic oxidase activities
Authors: Dutta Sabarni , Mayans Júlia , Ghosh Ashutosh
Published: December 2019

Four new heterometallic Cu(ii)–Mn(ii) complexes have been synthesised by using a Cu(ii) complex of an unsymmetrical Schiff base as O3 donor ligand; one of which is catalytically active towards catecholase and phenoxazinone synthase activities.
Avenue to phosphaalkenes from Ph3GePCO
Authors: Szkop Kevin M. , Jupp Andrew R. , Razumkov Hlib , Stephan Douglas W.
Published: December 2019

Reactions of Ph3GePCO with KP(t-Bu)2 and Ph3SiCl, or direct reaction with Ph3SiP(t-Bu)2 provides the (Z)- and (E)-isomers of the phosphaalkene (t-Bu2)PC(OSiPh3)P(GePh3) 2, respectively.
Emerging investigator series: use of behavioural endpoints in the regulation of chemicals
Authors: Ågerstrand Marlene , Arnold Kathryn , Balshine Sigal , Brodin Tomas , Brooks Bryan W. , Maack Gerd , McCallum Erin S. , Pyle Greg , Saaristo Minna , Ford Alex T.
Published: December 2019

Suggestion for how the use of behavioral endpoints can improve in environmental risk assessment of chemicals.
Thin film nanocomposite nanofiltration membrane incorporated with cellulose nanocrystals with superior anti-organic fouling affinity
Authors: Rahimi-Kashkouli Yosef , Rahbari-Sisakht Masoud , Ghadami Jadval Ghadam Aboutaleb
Published: December 2019

Thin film nanocomposite (TFN) nanofiltration (NF) membranes were fabricated by incorporating cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in a polyamide (PA) layer.
Low-energy electron irradiation induced synthesis of molecular nanosheets: influence of the electron beam energy
Authors: Neumann Christof , Wilhelm Richard A. , Küllmer Maria , Turchanin Andrey
Published: December 2019

Electron irradiation induced synthesis of molecular nanosheets from aromatic self-assembled reveals different mechanisms depending on the applied beam energy.
Synthesis of 1,2-amino alcohols by decarboxylative coupling of amino acid derived α-amino radicals to carbonyl compounds via visible-light photocatalyst in water
Authors: Pan Shulei , Jiang Min , Hu Jinjin , Xu Ruigang , Zeng Xiaofei , Zhong Guofu
Published: December 2019

A general and efficient visible-light photoredox-catalyzed decarboxylative radical coupling reaction of N-aryl amino acids with aldehydes or ketones for the synthesis of 1,2-amino alcohols in water at room temperature is described.
QSAR study of N-substituted oseltamivir derivatives as potent avian influenza virus H5N1 inhibitors using quantum chemical descriptors and statistical methods
Authors: Chtita Samir , Aouidate Adnane , Belhassan Assia , Ousaa Abdellah , Taourati Abdelali Idrissi , Elidrissi Bouhya , Ghamali Mounir , Bouachrine Mohammed , Lakhlifi Tahar
Published: December 2019

In silico modelling studies were executed on thirty two N-substituted oseltamivir derivatives as inhibitors of influenza virus H5N1.
An in situ ion exchange grown visible-light-driven Z-scheme AgVO3/AgI graphene microtube for enhanced photocatalytic performance
Authors: Liang Yong , Chen Yuexing , Lin Li , Zhao Maojun , Zhang Li , Yan Jun , Wang Ying , Chen Hui , Zeng Jun , Zhang Yunsong
Published: December 2019

The visible-light-driven Z-scheme AgVO3/AgI graphene microtube is prepared by in situ ion exchange and hydrothermal methods for enhancing charge separation efficiency and photocatalytic oxidation ability.
Optical tweezers-based characterisation of gold core–satellite plasmonic nano-assemblies incorporating thermo-responsive polymers
Authors: Han Fei , Armstrong Thomas , Andres-Arroyo Ana , Bennett Danielle , Soeriyadi Alex , Alinezhad Chamazketi Ali , Bakthavathsalam Padmavathy , Tilley Richard D. , Gooding J. Justin , Reece Peter J.
Published: December 2019

We report on the characterisation of the optical properties and dynamic behaviour of optically trapped single stimuli-responsive plasmonic nanoscale assemblies.
On the mechanism of reduction of M(H2O)mn+ by borohydride: the case of Ag(H2O)2+
Authors: Mondal Totan , Sermiagin Alina , Meyerstein Dan , Zidki Tomer , Kornweitz Haya
Published: December 2019

The redox potentials of M(H2O)mn+/M0(atom) couples are often far too negative to enable the formation of M0(atom) by most reducing agents.
Recent advances in two-dimensional ferromagnetism: materials synthesis, physical properties and device applications
Authors: Huang Pu , Zhang Peng , Xu Shaogang , Wang Huide , Zhang Xiuwen , Zhang Han
Published: December 2019

The recent advances in 2D ferromagnets are reviewed, including materials synthesis, ferromagnetism modulation, physical properties, and potential device applications.
An ultrahigh responsivity self-powered solar-blind photodetector based on a centimeter-sized β-Ga2O3/polyaniline heterojunction
Authors: Wang Yuefei , Li Li , Wang Hebin , Su Longxing , Chen Hongyu , Bian Wanpeng , Ma Jiangang , Li Bingsheng , Liu Zhiguo , Shen Aidong
Published: December 2019

Self-powered solar-blind UV photodetector based on β-Ga2O3/polyaniline core–shell heterojunction with high detectivity (D* = 1.5 × 1011Jones) and highRpeak/R400rejection ratio (3 × 102).
Enzyme-instructed self-aggregation of Fe3O4nanoparticles for enhanced MRIT2imaging and photothermal therapy of tumors
Authors: Wang Yaguang , Li Xiaohu , Chen Peiyao , Dong Yu , Liang Gaolin , Yu Yongqiang
Published: December 2019

Furin-induced self-aggregation of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles (NPs) in the tumor using the CBT-Cys condensation reaction system can greatly enhance magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)T2-weighted imaging and photothermal therapy in experiments.
Nanoscale directional motion by angustotaxis
Authors: Leng Jiantao , Hu Yue , Chang Tienchong
Published: December 2019

Angustotaxis: a carbon nanotube in a tapered channel intrinsically drives itself toward the narrower region.
Wagner–Meerwein type rearrangement in 5-oxohomoadamantane series
Authors: Tkachenko Ilya M. , Mankova Polina A. , Rybakov Victor B. , Golovin Evgeniy V. , Klimochkin Yuri N.
Published: December 2019

The retropinacol-like rearrangement in 5-oxohomoadamantane series represents an efficient synthetic route to new polycyclic 2,3,4-tri- and 2,4-disubstituted derivatives of homoadamantane.
Synthesis of biodegradable protein–poly(ε-caprolactone) conjugates via enzymatic ring opening polymerization
Authors: Bao Chunyang , Xu Xiaoling , Chen Jing , Zhang Qiang
Published: December 2019

Lipase–poly(HEAA) conjugates act as initiators and catalysts simultaneously for the eROP of ε-CL, forming biodegradable conjugates with amphiphilic graft copolymers.
High redox performance of Y0.5Ba0.5CoO3−δ for thermochemical oxygen production and separation
Authors: Ezbiri M. , Reinhart A. , Huber B. , Allen K. M. , Steinfeld A. , Bulfin B. , Michalsky R.
Published: December 2019

The efficient production and separation of oxygen is essential for numerous energy-intensive industrial applications in the fuel and mineral processing sectors.
A denitrogenative palladium-catalyzed cascade for regioselective synthesis of fluorenes
Authors: Fu Wai Chung , Kwong Fuk Yee
Published: December 2019

Hydrazone assists Pd(ii)/(iv) oxidative addition and is the methylene synthon in a palladium-catalyzed, norbornene-mediated regioselective synthesis of fluorenes.
Identifying protons trapped in hematite photoanodes through structure–property analysis
Authors: Liu Yutong , Smith Rodney D. L.
Published: December 2019

Features in Raman spectra are found to correlate to the band structure and photoelectrochemical behavior across a series of hematite photoanodes. Analysis suggests the presence of iron vacancies caused by the trapping of interstitial protons.
Regio- and diastereoselective dearomatizations ofN-alkyl activated azaarenes: the maximization of the reactive sites
Authors: Miao Hong-Jie , Wang Le-Le , Han Hua-Bin , Zhao Yong-De , Wang Qi-Lin , Bu Zhan-Wei
Published: December 2019

An unprecedented base-promoted multi-component one-pot dearomatization ofN-alkyl activated azaarenes was developed to construct complex and diverse bridged cyclic polycycles with multiple stereocenters in a highly regio- and diastereoselective manner.
The role of lattice vibration in the terahertz region for proton conduction in 2D metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Itakura Tomoya , Matsui Hiroshi , Tada Tomofumi , Kitagawa Susumu , Demessence Aude , Horike Satoshi
Published: December 2019

Terahertz-regime vibrations of 2D MOFs dominate the intrinsic proton conductivity, and the motions depend on the valence electronic structures.
Permselective ion electrosorption of subnanometer pores at high molar strength enables capacitive deionization of saline water
Authors: Bi Sheng , Zhang Yuan , Cervini Luca , Mo Tangming , Griffin John M. , Presser Volker , Feng Guang
Published: December 2019

Small carbon pores below 1 nm become increasingly ionophobic which enables the more and more permselective charge storage and perspectives for capacitive deionization with porous carbons even at high molar strength.
The breakdown of Darcy's law in a soft porous material
Authors: Rosti Marco Edoardo , Pramanik Satyajit , Brandt Luca , Mitra Dhrubaditya
Published: December 2019

We show that the flux through a poroelastic material is a super-linear function of the pressure-difference. The permeability is a universal function of the ratio of the pressure-difference over the shear modulus, proportional to the cube of porosity.
Spontaneous onset of convection in a uniform phoretic channel
Authors: Michelin Sébastien , Game Simon , Lauga Eric , Keaveny Eric , Papageorgiou Demetrios
Published: December 2019

Phoretic phenomena can create spontaneous convective flows in uniform chemically-active channels following a mechanism similar to Bénard Marangoni instability.
Secreted tyrosine kinase Vlk negatively regulates Hedgehog signaling by inducing lysosomal degradation of Smoothened
Authors: Kim June Myoung , Han Hyeseung , Bahn Minjin , Hur Yeokyu , Yeo Chang-Yeol , Kim Dae-Won
Published: December 2019

Vlk is a secreted tyrosine kinase that plays crucial roles during vertebrate embryonic development including skeletal formation. Genetic studies suggest that Vlk can modulate the Hedgehog signaling pathway during skeletal development. Despite its potential roles as an extracellular regulator of signaling pathways, little is known regarding the molecular functions of Vlk. Here we show that Vlk can negatively regulate the Hedgehog signaling pathway. We found that Vlk can induce lysosomal degradation of Smoothened, a crucial transmembrane signal transducer of the Hedgehog pathway, through the interaction with the extracellular domain of Smoothened (Smo-ECD). In addition, we observed that Vlk can attenuate Hedgehog signaling-induced ciliary localization of Smoothened. Furthermore, Vlk-mediated suppression of Hedgehog signaling can be diminished by tyrosine-to-phenylalanine substitutions in Smo-ECD. Taken together, these results suggest that Vlk may function as a signaling regulator in extracellular space to modulate the Hedgehog pathway.
Immunomodulatory role of the extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C in neuroinflammation
Authors: Wiemann Susanne , Reinhard Jacqueline , Faissner Andreas
Published: December 2019

The extracellular matrix (ECM) consists of a dynamic network of various macromolecules that are synthesized and released by surrounding cells into the intercellular space. Glycoproteins, proteoglycans and fibrillar proteins are main components of the ECM. In addition to general functions such as structure and stability, the ECM controls several cellular signaling pathways. In this context, ECM molecules have a profound influence on intracellular signaling as receptor-, adhesion- and adaptor-proteins.

Due to its various functions, the ECM is essential in the healthy organism, but also under pathological conditions. ECM constituents are part of the glial scar, which is formed in several neurodegenerative diseases that are accompanied by the activation and infiltration of glia as well as immune cells. Remodeling of the ECM modulates the release of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines affecting the fate of immune, glial and neuronal cells.

Tenascin-C is an ECM glycoprotein that is expressed during embryonic central nervous system (CNS) development. In adults it is present at lower levels but reappears under pathological conditions such as in brain tumors, following injury and in neurodegenerative disorders and is highly associated with glial reactivity as well as scar formation. As a key modulator of the immune response during neurodegeneration in the CNS, tenascin-C is highlighted in this mini-review.
Research on gear crack diagnosis of the planet gear transmission
Authors: Ma Chao , Liu Lingtao , Wang Shaohong , Peng Yumin
Published: December 2019

Objected to the planetary gear transmission, research on the fault diagnosis of gear cracks is mainly carried out with method of EEMD decomposition and Envelope demodulation. During the process, EEMD decomposition is used to the experiment data and continuously parameters of the root mean square (RMS) value, peak‐to‐peak (PtP) value, kurtosis (Kr), and other parameters of the IMF components are computed. According those parameters, the signal is reconstructed and after band‐pass filtering the Hilbert transform and the envelope demodulation are carried out. The results showed that the power spectrum information obtained by using the EEMD decomposition and Hilbert transform could effectively response fault characteristics of the gear crack in the planetary transmission. The research is beneficial to the gear meshing fault diagnosis of the planetary transmission quickly and accurately and has a positive engineering value.
Time domain synchronisation estimation algorithm for FBMC vector signal analysis in 5G system
Authors: Ling Yunzhi , Zhang Yu , Xu Lantian
Published: December 2019

For the challenges of filter bank multi‐carrier (FBMC) test applications in the fifth‐generation mobile communication network (5G) system, presented is a time domain synchronisation estimation algorithm based on power synchronisation in frequency domain. Through MATLAB simulation, the proposed algorithm is verified to achieve good synchronisation at low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and large frequency offset without signal quality changes. As a result, it can be applied in FBMC signal vector analysers, promoting FBMC signal vector analysis functions used in 5G test applications.
In‐situ calibration technology of liquid level with precise laser ranging
Authors: Fan Baixing , Zhou Weihu , Luan Hao , Xiang Minzhi , Wang Deli
Published: December 2019

Here, in order to calibrate the magnetostrictive liquid‐level meter in situ, a set of in‐situ calibration device for magnetostrictive liquid‐level meter is designed. The structure and working principle of the device are described, and the experimental test and error analysis are carried out for the parts of the in‐situ calibration device. Finally, according to the modern instrument and error theory, the accuracy of the calibration device is assessed, and the field calibration experiment of magnetostrictive liquid level gauge is carried out. The theoretical analysis and field experiment results show that the calibrated device can meet the in‐situ calibration requirements of the magnetostrictive liquid‐level meter with a range of 0–6 m and a precision of 1 mm.
Mechanical arm teleoperation control system by dynamic hand gesture recognition based on kinect device
Authors: Tu Pu , Huang Chen
Published: December 2019

The research achieved to control the mechanical arm by using real‐time dynamic gesture recognition based on Kinect. It uses the unmarked gesture segmentation algorithm based on the palm neighbourhood and the threshold detection algorithm based on the palmar contour to identify the operator's gestures and moving trajectories, and to convert it into the specific action of the mechanical arm. Through wireless network, this system sends control instructions to the mechanical arm to realise teleoperation control. The system also provides video feedback of mechanical arm operation site. It improves the teleoperation telepresence and interactivity and avoids operation error such as grasp nothing or fall. The results of the experiment indicate that the operation of the gesture control system is simple and easy, the response of mechanical arm is quick and accurate and the human–machine interaction is intuitive and friendly.
MAXIMASK and MAXITRACK: Two new tools for identifying contaminants in astronomical images using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Paillassa M. , Bertin E. , Bouy H.
Published: December 2019

In this work, we propose two convolutional neural network classifiers for detecting contaminants in astronomical images. Once trained, our classifiers are able to identify various contaminants, such as cosmic rays, hot and bad pixels, persistence effects, satellite or plane trails, residual fringe patterns, nebulous features, saturated pixels, diffraction spikes, and tracking errors in images. They encompass a broad range of ambient conditions, such as seeing, image sampling, detector type, optics, and stellar density. The first classifier, MAXIMASK, performs semantic segmentation and generates bad pixel maps for each contaminant, based on the probability that each pixel belongs to a given contaminant class. The second classifier, MAXITRACK, classifies entire images and mosaics, by computing the probability for the focal plane to be affected by tracking errors. We gathered training and testing data from real data originating from various modern charged-coupled devices and near-infrared cameras, that are augmented with image simulations. We quantified the performance of both classifiers and show that MAXIMASKachieves state-of-the-art performance for the identification of cosmic ray hits. Thanks to a built-in Bayesian update mechanism, both classifiers can be tuned to meet specific science goals in various observational contexts.
Molecular complexity in pre-stellar cores: a 3 mm-band study of L183 and L1544
Authors: Lattanzi Valerio , Bizzocchi Luca , Vasyunin Anton I. , Harju Jorma , Giuliano Barbara M. , Vastel Charlotte , Caselli Paola
Published: December 2019

Context.Pre-stellar cores (PSCs) are units of star formation. Besides representing early stages of the dynamical evolution leading to the formation of stars and planets, PSCs also provide a substrate for incipient chemical complexity in the interstellar space.

Aims.Our aim is to understand the influence of external conditions on the chemical composition of PSCs. For this purpose, we compared molecular column densities in two typical PSCs, L183 and L1544, which are embedded in different environments.

Methods.A single-pointing survey of L183 atλ= 3 mm was conducted using the IRAM 30-m single-dish antenna. This led to the detection of more than 100 emission lines from 46 molecular species. The molecular column densities and excitation temperatures derived from these lines were compared to the corresponding parameters in L1544. The data for L1544 were obtained from literature or publicly available surveys, and they were analysed using the same procedure as adopted for L183. An astrochemical model, previously developed for the interpretation of organic molecule emissions towards the methanol peak of L1544, was used to interpret the combined data.

Results.Our analysis reveals clear chemical differences between the two PSCs. While L1544 is richer in carbon-bearing species, in particular carbon chains, oxygen-containing species are generally more abundant in L183. The results are well-reproduced by our chemical model.

Conclusions.The observed chemical differentiation between the two PSCs is caused by the different environmental conditions: the core of L183 is deeply buried in the surrounding cloud, whereas L1544 lies close to the edge of the Taurus Molecular Cloud. The obscuration of L183 from the interstellar radiation field (ISRF) allows the carbon atoms to be locked in carbon monoxide, which ultimately leads to a large abundance of O-bearing species. In contrast, L1544, being more affected by the ISRF, can keep a fraction of carbon in atomic form, which is needed for the production of carbon chains.
An adaptive Gaussian quadrature for the Voigt function
Authors: Paletou F. , Peymirat C. , Anterrieu E. , Böhm T.
Published: December 2019

We evaluate an adaptive Gaussian quadrature integration scheme suitable for the numerical evaluation of generalized redistribution in frequency functions. The latter are indispensable ingredients for “full non-LTE” radiation transfer computations, assuming potential deviations of the velocity distribution of massive particles from the usual Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. A first validation is made with computations of the usual Voigt profile.
Development of operation strategy for recompression supercritical CO2 cycle with intercooled main compressor under off-design condition
Authors: Ma Yuegeng , Morozyuk Tatiana , Liu Jiping
Published: December 2019

The supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) cycle is regarded as a potential option for the next generation power conversion system. Concentrated solar power (CSP) plant is one of the promising scenarios to adopt the S-CO2 cycle due to the appealing thermal efficiency and the ability to integrate thermal storage and dry cooling. Among various cycle configurations of S-CO2 cycle, the recompression S-CO2 cycle with intercooled main compressor is one of the optimal choices that can provide superior efficiency and a large enough temperature differential for thermal input, which together contribute to the minimization of the overall levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of the whole CSP plant. The off-design performance and the associated control scheme have important effects on the CSP plant. This paper develops an off-design model for the recompression S-CO2 cycle with intercooled main compressor for the commercialized hundred-megawatt CSP plant. The effects of different off-design conditions on cycle performance are first evaluated. Different operating strategies regarding the control of cycle maximal pressure and preventing abnormal compressor conditions during off-design operation are then presented and compared. This work is expected to provide knowledge for the optimal control of recompression S-CO2 cycle with intercooled main compressor during the real operation of the CSP plant.
Infographic oriented management model of cyber-physical systems during a building life cycle
Authors: Losev Konstantin , Chulkov Vitaly
Published: December 2019

The study contributes to cyber-physical system (CPS) modelling during a building life cycle. The framework through which systems engineers could design and construct these CPS requires an ontology and a structure of terms. Thus, the structure of terms for modern information system, including approaches, concepts and terms, is proposed as the basis of ontology. The task of the study was to present the model of CPS management structure in accordance with the Industry 4.0 program. In order to construct it the dynamics of the relationship of terms has been given. An infographic modeling method has been used in the study. The subject of research is one of the model levels, responsible for knowledge conversion from machine-digital to human-oriented form, which will be the basis for the operator’s understanding of the knowledge accumulated by the CPS, and will help to make non-trivial management decisions. The structure of terms including approaches, concepts and terms, is proposed as the basis of ontology. The dynamics of the relationship of terms is given. Model of CPS management structure is presented in accordance with the Industry 4.0 program. The “Infographic models management” level specific to the CPS is defined. Three types of infographic slides which can be issued by CPS within the domain area of construction and design are proposed.
Patterning aspects of small solar power development in Uzbekistan
Authors: Sitdikov O.R. , Mirzabaev A.M. , Mahkamov T.A. , Mirzabekov Sh.
Published: December 2019

The article describes the experience of “Mir Solar” LLC (Uzbekistan) in the use of patterning for the development and formation of small solar energy. The paper describes the patterning of the problem field of solar energy, which leads to effective practical solutions in the energy supply of rural and remote consumers of electric energy. The use of patterns shows that they contribute to the solution of many problems arising from the use of photovoltaic installations (PV), providing reliability and efficiency of power supply. Examples of effective implementation using patterning methods are given.
Analysis of the emergency control and relay protection structures approached from the point of view of EPS reliability and survivability by taking into account cybersecurity threats
Authors: Osak Alexey , Panasetsky Daniil , Buzina Elena
Published: December 2019

Cyber threats pose an increasing threat to energy objects. It is essential to ensure the cybersecurity of automatic control systems, such as relay protection devices (RP), devices of regime control (RC) and emergency control (EC), automated control systems. At the same time, the issues of cybersecurity include not only the problem of hacker attacks, but also the whole complex of problems relating to adequate functioning of cybernetic systems in the power industry. The authors propose a methodical approach to the analysis of the structure of automatic means of regime and emergency control in terms of their impact on the reliability and survivability of power systems (EPS), taking into account the known threats to cybersecurity.
Calculation of reliability indicators of power supply systems of consumers
Authors: Latipov S.T. , Aslanova G.N. , Nematov L.A. , Akhmedov A.A. , Charieva M.R.
Published: December 2019

The article covers the study of methods for calculating the reliability of schemes of power supply for consumers at the present stage. It analyzes the existing methods for calculating the reliability of various schemes of power supply systems for consumers. Methods for determining the reliability indicators of redundant systems are reviewed. Examples are given
Using smart meters for checking the topology and power flow calculation of a secondary distribution network
Authors: Golub Irina , Boloev Evgeny , Kuzkina Yana
Published: December 2019

The paper analyzes options of using smart meters for power flow calculation and for assessing the state of a real three-phase four-wire secondary distribution network based on measurements of average values of active and reactive power and of voltages. The work is based on the authors’ research on allocation of measurements to ensure secondary distribution network observability and on selection of the most efficient method for linear and non-linear state estimation. The paper illustrates solution of a problem on identification composition of load nodes in the phases and reveals challenges related to voltage account in the neutral wire and in its grounding.
The assessment of integration effects accounting the stochasticity of wind and solar power plants generation in the Asian Power Grid
Authors: Trofimov Leonid , Trofimov Ivan
Published: December 2019

Electricity generation by wind and solar power plants (WPP and SPP) is characterized by the uncertainty of the time and generation volumes, and does not correlate with the demand determined by the graph of daily electric load. By using of the ORIRES optimization model, the integration effects associated with various scenarios of interstate power grid expansion are calculated. The stochastic generation of WPP and SPP creates a certain variation in the model solutions, but does not affect to the total integration effects. The article presents the calculations carried out on a large number of variations for wind and solar power generation. The stability (constancy) of total integration effects is shown, despite the stochastic generation of WPP and SPP in the considered energy power systems.
Stability study and flight simulation of a blended-wing-body UAV
Authors: Dimopoulos Thomas , Panagiotou Pericles , Yakinthos Kyros
Published: December 2019

This article is a product of the design process of a Blended-Wing- Body Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (BWB UAV). The BWB geometry blends the wing and the fuselage so that the fuselage also contributes in lift generation. This geometry reduces the lift to drag ratio significantly, however it also compromises the aircraft’s stability and controllability, since there is no horizontal and vertical tail. As these features are absent from the BWB layout, the need to incorporate their functions in the new geometry arises so that they cover stability demands sufficiently, according to aircraft of similar size, use and speed. Additionally, the method used for stability studies of conventional aircraft must also be adapted. This article covers the adaptation of the method to the new BWB geometry, its results in comparison to those of conventional aircraft and the use of the results for a computational simulation of the aircraft’ flight.