bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Menganalisis Kemampuan Menggenggam pada Anak Usia Dini di TK Negeri Pembina Kecamatan Kota Tengah
Authors: Indawati Pakaya  , Nia Abdullah  , Al Melia Putri Kuku  , Sulastri Libunelo  , Anissa Fahmi Manassai  , Sri Yulan Umar
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyze the gripping ability of early childhood children at TK Negeri Pembina in Kota Tengah District. The research method used is descriptive with both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The subjects of the study were 10 children aged 4-6 years selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through direct observation, gripping ability tests, and interviews with teachers. The results show that the gripping ability of children at TK Negeri Pembina varies, with some children able to grip writing tools and small objects well, while others struggle. Factors influencing this ability include stimulation from teachers, interaction with peers, and the activities conducted at school. This study provides insights into the importance of appropriate stimulation and activity variation to enhance children’s fine motor skills
Motivasi Kerja Karyawan PT XYZ
Authors: Tini Kartini  , Suci Nuralita
Published: February 2025

Employee motivation is crucial to ensuring that every employee can work optimally. This study aims to identify the low levels of employee motivation at PT XYZ. The decline in motivation is caused by several issues, such as compensation that does not meet expectations and less harmonious working relationships. These factors have resulted in the company's targets not being achieved. The research method used is qualitative descriptive, with data collection methods including in-depth interviews, observations, literature studies, and documentation. The results of the study show that adequate compensation can increase employee motivation. Furthermore, harmonious working relationships can help employees complete their tasks effectively. This study recommends improving compensation policies and efforts to create a conducive working environment to enhance employee motivation, thereby enabling the company to achieve its targets.
Pengaruh Persepsi Kualitas Pelayanan, Harga, dan Promosi terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan di Café Njajan.Co
Authors: Sari Wiyanti  , Bisma Reza Tresna Pamungkas  , Toat Nur Alimudin  , A Muahhammad Irsyad Syaril Aalaai
Published: February 2025

This study aims to examine the influence of perceived service quality, price, and promotion on customer loyalty at Café Njajan.co. The independent variables analyzed in this study include perceived service quality, price, and promotion, while customer loyalty is the dependent variable. The research uses a survey method with a quantitative approach, and data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 101 customers of Café Njajan.co. The data analysis technique applied is multiple linear regression. The results show that, collectively, perceived service quality, price, and promotion have a positive and significant impact on customer loyalty. Individually, perceived service quality and promotion have a greater influence than price. These findings provide insights into factors that can enhance customer loyalty and offer recommendations to the management of Café Njajan.co to continue improving service quality, set competitive prices, and develop more effective promotional strategies.
Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Bank Mandiri Cabang Menteng Jakarta Pusat
Authors: Aslamia Saibatul , Siska Elmira
Published: February 2025

Work discipline and work motivation are very important to improve employee performance. The problem faced at Bank Mandiri at Menteng Branch is the lack of employee discipline after using office facilities, such as forgetting to turn off computers and printers after use which results in computers often being slow, thus hampering employee performance. Employees are less motivated in achieving targets so that employee target achievement decreases. The aim of this research is to find out how work discipline and work motivation have an impact on the employees performance of Bank Mandiri at Menteng Branch, Central Jakarta. The research population consisted of 30 people, uses a quantitative approach and collects data through questionnaires. Data analysis uses data quality tests, such as validity and reliability tests, as well as classic assumption tests, such as normality tests, multicollinearity tests, heteroscedasticity tests, linearity tests, and hypothesis tests. The results of the partial t test show that work discipline has a positive impact on the performance of Bank Mandiri employees at the Menteng Branch, (calculated t as of 2.599 is greater than the t table as of 2.051) with a significant value of 0.015 which smaller than 0.05). Work motivation also has has a positive impact on the performance of Bank Mandiri employees at the Menteng Branch (calculated t as of 2.520 is greater than the t table as of 2.051) with a significant value of 0.018 which smaller than 0.05).
Analisis Framming Editorial Terkait Pembangunan Ibukota Nusantara : ”Soal IKN, Biar Prabowo yang Putuskan” pada Media The Jakarta Post
Authors: Patricia Sihotang
Published: February 2025

The editorial titled “Soal IKN, biar Prabowo yang putuskan” from The Jakarta Post discusses the development of the Nusantara capital (IKN), emphasizing that this process should be conducted calmly, with focus and without haste. The study employs Pan and Kosicki's framing analysis to examine the narrative structure of the editorial text, concentrating on syntactic, script, thematic, and rhetorical elements. The analysis reveals that the editorial frames the national issue of capital city development, highlighting the challenges, conflicts of interest, and the necessity for strategic planning. Full trust is placed in Prabowo Subianto, the elected president for the 2024-2029 period, to continue the IKN development project. The editorial also sharply criticizes the previous president for rushing through the implementation of programs. Arguments are presented with logical reasoning, accompanied by hopes for the future of IKN.
Sports Development as a Panacea for Youth Restiveness and National Development
Authors: Adam Bala , Ahmed Uthman
Published: February 2025

It goes without gainsaying, that, sports have become a universal language
spoken by all and sundry. Its universality is such that it cuts across cultural,
religious, ethnic and national divide. It has the tendency of aligning people of
diverse creed and colour, through its unifying prowess. All over the world, it is
apparent that sport fanatics are youths between the ages of 18 and 40, cutting
across all genders. With the right policies and political will, sports and sporting
activities can be made a viable national development tool, which has the
tendency to deter young people from restiveness and curb nuisance, hence,
turning our youths into a more productive workforce. It is against this backdrop
that the paper attempts to analytically x-ray the nexus between sports, youth
restiveness and national development. The paper relies mostly on content
analysis as its methodology but infuses key-person-interview (KPI), alongside
the desk research, thereby adopting both qualitative and quantitative
methodology. The paper finds that with commitment from all stakeholders,
sporting activities can be explored to better engage our youths and position them
as contributors to national development. The paper recommends amongst
others that, governments at all levels must ensure they prioritise sporting
activities and tap into the resourcefulness of the youths for a more prosperous
productive young workforce.
Cash and Carry Democracy: Assessing the Impact of Vote Buying/Selling on Nigeria Political Development
Authors: Obi Success , Tochukwu Olekwara , Alilu Yahaya , Ejura Egwemi-Ugbeda , Mohammed Usman , Edegbo Sunday
Published: February 2025

This paper interrogates the political economy of Money politics in
Nigeria's Fourth Republic, with particular focus on factors that are
responsible for vote buying, how the use of money influence electoral
outcome and extent in which vote buying has impacted on the electoral process
in Nigeria. The research design adopted was case study research approach to
demonstrate that money politics vis-a-vis vote buying has detrimental effects on
Nigeria's democracy and unregulated political party finance affects Nigeria
electoral process vis-à-vis electoral credibility. It encourages political patronage
and clientele networks where political funders control and select politicians,
thereby forsaking good governance and growth. Utilising the exchange
approach theory as the tool for analysis illustrated relative power of participants
in the exchange, conditioned by the principle of mutuality where electoral
window in Nigeria political terrain is conceived by the elite as investment
venture of which profit is to be maximized by means of exchange of electorates
voting power for money, entrenchment of poverty and by extension hold the
electoral system to hostage via manipulation, corruption and election
irregularities and weak judicial system. The report suggests amongst others, the
necessity for public enlightenment on the hazards of votes buying, while
organisations responsible for the management of elections must ensure strict
compliance with electoral rules.
IJSRPAOP 182|p. Effect of Operational Risk on the Financial Performance of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria
Authors: Akinnagbe Orimisan
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the effect of operational risk on the performance of
listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. The research adopts ex post facto
research design. The target population comprised of the 13 deposit
money banks listed on the Nigeria Exchange Limited (NGX) between 2006 -
2021. Secondary data was utilized. The study measures operational risk using
the cost-income ratio (CIR), operating cost ratio (OPR), and net interest margin
to operating cost ratio (NOR). The study measured financial performance using
return on equity (ROE) while the panel data analysis technique and GMM
method were used to analyse the data with the aid of STATA Version 15. The
result of the study revealed that NOR exerted significant negative effect on the
financial performance of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study
recommended that management should institutionalize employees regular
training and retraining on operational risk awareness to proactively mitigate
operational risks
Applying Logit Model to Manage Maternal Mortality in Kazaure Emirate
Authors: Hussaini Abubakar  , Habiba Awwalu  , Sani Salihu Abubakar  , Ibrahim Hamzat Gambo
Published: February 2025

Maternal mortality remains a significant public health challenge in Kazaure Emirate, Nigeria, necessitating evidence-based strategies to address its underlying causes. This study applies a logit model to identify the determinants of maternal mortality and propose targeted interventions. Data were collected from 1000 women of reproductive age, focusing on socioeconomic, medical and environmental factors such as such as maternal place of residence, maternal age at birth, husband occupation, maternal occupation, husband level of income, maternal level of income, maternal level of education, husband level of education, antenatal care, protein level, glucose level, prolonged labor, anemia, care rendered by an unskilled health practitioner, socio-cultural belief, place of delivery, domestic violence, access to healthcare facilities, infection after delivery, pregnancy-induced hypertension, miscarriage and other ailments or underlying diseases. The logit model revealed that low reproductive age, low education attainment by women or their households, rural residence, low level of income of women or their households, husband occupation, non-business mindset of women or their households, abnormal glucose level in women, bleeding, prolonged labor, anemia, care rendered by unskilled personnel, home delivery, access to healthcare facilities, pregnancy-induced hypertension, miscarriage and other ailments are significant predictors of maternal deaths. The model demonstrated strong predictive power, with a Nagelkerke R Squarevalue of 0.621 and an AUC of 0.918. These findings underscore the importance of improving healthcare access and promoting maternal education to reduce maternal mortality in Kazaure Emirate. Policy recommendations include expanding healthcare infrastructure, implementing community-based education programs and increasing investment in maternal health services. This study provides a data-driven framework for managing maternal mortality and offers actionable insights for policymakers and healthcare providers to improve maternal health outcomes in the region
Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Tablet of Aspirin
Authors: Madhavi V. Lichade  , Mohd. Vaqqas  , Mohit Tembhekar  , Abhishek Zade  , Rahul Lichade  , Tanmay Choudhari
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study was to develop and assess aspirin fast-dissolving tablets (FDT) in order to improve patient adherence, particularly for those who have trouble swallowing. Although aspirin is frequently used as an analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory medication, some patient groups may not benefit from its standard dosage form. Several excipients, including binders (like hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) and super disintegrants (such sodium starch glycolate and croscarmellose sodium), were used in the formulation of the fast-dissolving tablets. The tablets were made using the direct compression method and evaluated for a number of characteristics, including as in-vitro dissolution, hardness, friability, and disintegration time. With a rapid release profile, the fast dissolving formulation's dissolution rate was noticeably higher than that of conventional tablets. Excellent tablet hardness, a quick disintegration period, and acceptable patient acceptability were all displayed by the enhanced formulation. According to the study's findings, aspirin tablets that dissolve quickly may be a viable dosage form for enhancing patient compliance and the medication's beginning of effect, especially in older and younger populations
ENTRELACES ENTRE GEOGRAFIA ACADÊMICA, CONCEPÇÕES PEDAGÓGICAS E A GEOGRAFIA ESCOLAR
Authors: Geraldo da Costa Neto José
Published: February 2025

O mergulho feito por José Geraldo da Costa Neto em sua pesquisa de
mestrado é aqui apresentado em parte. Para este livro, o autor escolheu apresentar a sistematização da relação epistemológica entre as abordagens da pedagogia, da geografia científica e da geografia escolar. Na verdade, esse esforço
não estava inicialmente previsto no desenho de sua pesquisa. Mas Geraldo quis
fazer esse mergulho. Quis entender. Quis sistematizar. Quis explicar as aproximações e afastamentos das abordagens pedagógicas com a(s) geografia(s).
Assim, traz para nós da geografia escolar um tema que, embora não seja inédito
em publicações acadêmicas, tem sua importância nos tempos atuais de ampliação do contexto de uma educação neoliberal
Factors Contributing to Low Academic Performance of First-Generation Students in Occupational Therapy
Authors: Ham Pola
Published: February 2025

Importance: Research on the factors contributing to low academic performance of first-generation students studying occupational therapy is limited, and how these factors affect the students’ academic performance is insufficiently described.

Objective: To explore how first-generation students in occupational therapy perceive their academic self-efficacy, academic engagement, and social integration.

Design: Explanatory sequential mixed-methods design.

Setting: Occupational therapy program on the East Coast of the United States.

Participants: The total sample included 18 first-generation students in occupational therapy through purposeful sampling. Eighteen participants completed the survey, and 5 participants participated in the interview.

Outcomes and Measures: Measures included a demographic questionnaire, the Self-Efficacy for Learning Form–Abridged, the Survey of Student Engagement, the Social Integration Scale, and semistructured interviews.

Results: Participants reported a low level of academic self-efficacy, academic engagement, and social integration.

Conclusions and Relevance: This study fills the gap in research regarding factors contributing to low academic performance of first-generation students in occupational therapy and how the identified barriers of academic self-efficacy, academic engagement, and social integration can be addressed for these students.

Plain-Language Summary: This study explored how first-generation occupational therapy students think about their academic performance, engagement, and social integration. Students reported a low level of academic performance, engagement, and social integration. Identifying and understanding the factors that affect the academic performance of first-generation students can improve the support and services provided by occupational therapy programs to first-generation students.

Positionality Statement: Positionality is described as the location of the researcher in their research (Milner, 2007). It influences the researcher’s assumptions, findings, and interpretations (Banks, 2015). As a first-generation doctoral student, I identify with the unique challenges faced by many first-generation students. As Milner (2007) suggested, it is important to be introspective during research and acknowledge any internal biases to maintain objectivity during the research process. I aimed to be reflexive by taking notes about my thoughts throughout the study to actively reflect on my understanding of how my positionality may affect my data collection and analysis.
Transferência reversa de conhecimento em negócios internacionais: Uma revisão semi-sistemática da literatura
Authors: Silva Priscilla Bidin da , Ogasavara Mário Henrique
Published: February 2025

Este artigo aborda a crescente importância das subsidiárias estrangeiras como fontes significativas de conhecimento e vantagens competitivas para as empresas multinacionais (MNEs). O foco principal é a transferência reversa de conhecimento (RKT) proveniente da subsidiaria estrangeira para a matriz da MNE, examinando a literatura pertinente por meio de uma revisão semi-sistemática da literatura. O estudo, baseado em 102 artigos coletados de 1984 a 2022 nas bases de dados Web of Science e Scopus, visa mapear clusters através da ferramenta VOSviewer sobre estudos que destacam elementos relevantes para a efetivação da RKT. Os resultados revelam insights valiosos para as MNEs aprenderem com suas subsidiárias estrangeiras, como adaptação local, capacidades tecnológicas e de inovação, novas práticas de gestão, práticas de responsabilidade social e sustentabilidade e capacidade de absorção do conhecimento, consolidando posições de mercado diante da concorrência. Além de contribuir para a literatura de negócios internacionais, gestão do conhecimento e RKT, o artigo oferece implicações práticas e gerenciais. As limitações identificadas, juntamente com recomendações e uma agenda de pesquisas futuras, proporcionam uma visão abrangente e robusta sobre o papel crescente das subsidiárias estrangeiras no cenário global das MNEs.
Determination of the Profile of the Agricultural Education Teachers of Puerto Rico Aimed at Identifying Needs to Establish a Professional Development Plan
Authors: Saavedra-Lugo Janitza , Hernandez-Aquino Bryan
Published: February 2025

Educators face countless challenges in the 21st Century, reflecting consequences such as rapid changes in population, sociocultural dynamics, technology, and education. Among these challenges are the integration of emerging technologies, diversity and inclusion, and continuous professional development to stay ahead. To understand the current profile of agricultural education teachers working in the public schools of the Department of Education of Puerto Rico, this quantitative study aimed to describe the characteristics of teachers serving students in agriculture courses and to explore their existing professional development needs. Data were collected using a questionnaire completed by 111 agricultural education teachers across Puerto Rico. The results revealed 45% of them did not hold a teaching certification. The major needs faced by these teachers included the design and implementation of irrigation systems, financial support opportunities for students, the integration of better technological tools, SAE agreements, proposal writing, and hydroponics. It was noted that teachers with less than five years of experience had more professional development needs compared to those with more than five years of experience. Based on the results obtained, it is recommended to coordinate efforts between the Agricultural Education Department of UPR-Mayagüez and the Puerto Rico Department of Education to seek alternative options for collaborating on the certification process of agricultural education teachers, develop a professional development plan in technical areas, and create a continuous mentoring plan.
Classroom and Laboratory Instructional Tasks Associated with Teaching School-Based Agricultural Education
Authors: Best Ryan W. , Robinson J. Shane , Edwards M. Craig , Terry, Jr. Robert , Cole Ki L.
Published: February 2025

Expectations placed on School-Based Agricultural Education (SBAE) teachers are wide and varied as they fill an array of roles and responsibilities. Tasks associated with teaching SBAE can be inferred from literature related to the needs, challenges, and characteristics of these teachers. As an integral component of SBAE, classroom and laboratory instruction is a significant area in which teachers are expected to complete tasks. Therefore, identifying the specific tasks associated with teaching SBAE could provide insight regarding the workloads of SBAE teachers. As such, we sought to identify the specific tasks expected of SBAE teachers regarding the classroom and laboratory instructional component. A modified Delphi method consisting of three rounds was used to address the study’s purpose. The panel of experts consisted of 23 doctoral students in agricultural education with at least three years of SBAE teaching experience. Seventy-four tasks comprising 14 themes achieved consensus among the Delphi panelists. Our findings indicated that tasks related to classroom and laboratory instruction are essential to the success of SBAE teachers. Taken together, the tasks describe SBAE teachers as relational, competency-driven, and quality-focused instructors.
Pacing - Slowing Phenomenon in Varying Length Tasks
Authors: Desai Uditi , Randolph Elliot
Published: February 2025

Pacing is a critical mechanism for sustaining performance. When making decisions, people must consider the demands of a task to pace themselves accordingly. Compared to sports literature, this project looks at pacing and how it manifests in an everyday work environment - an area of research that is surprisingly little studied. The team sought to study pacing, by comparing performance over successively longer distances, like sprints compared to marathons. In two preliminary experiments, undergraduate students pressed the enter key some varying number of times, N = [8 16 32 64]. Additionally, students were told to exceed N just as runners run through the finish line of a race. The main question was if participants would tap slower when N was large compared to when N was small, just like runners. Surprisingly, participants did not change their performance based on N and participants slowed dramatically as they approached N, despite being instructed not to. Our main method of measurement was the mean interresponse interval (IRI) which is the average elapsed time between consecutive taps. We changed the count feedback between separate experiments and no change has extinguished the slowing effect. Results from two experiments show premature slowing suggesting that as people approach the end of a task, they slow their performance. This new phenomenon has implications for everyone who does multiple tasks in a day. Future work will explore whether changing the tap rate or removing the IRI feedback will affect the premature slowing phenomenon. 
A computational model for individual epithelial cells captures how shape dynamics depend on cell size
Authors: Awais Rayan
Published: February 2025

 The dynamics of epithelial cells during wound healing exhibit significant complexity, notably in their size-dependent behavior. This work aims to depict a fundamental mechanism underlying this size dependence in cellular dynamics by developing a computational model. Our research question investigates how the physical size of epithelial cells influences their motility and behavior patterns, specifically during the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition critical for wound healing. Thus, we propose a model where the key mechanism involves a field of spatially coupled forces acting on the cell membrane, driven by the dynamics of actin monomers. These monomers, randomly distributed within the cell, become focal points for membrane protrusions, thus influencing cell behavior. Our model succinctly captures the essence of size-dependent cellular dynamics without resorting to changes in gene expression patterns, offering new insights into the variations in cell behavior. Through this computational framework, we demonstrate that the diversity in cellular responses during wound healing can be fundamentally attributed to differences in cell size. This insight contributes to a deeper understanding of the behavioral plasticity of epithelial cells in critical physiological processes like wound closure. 
TETANUS TOXOID VACCINATION COVERAGE AND REASONS FOR NON-VACCINATION AMONG MARRIED WOMEN IN REPRODUCTIVE AGE GROUP OF 15---49 YEARS
Authors: Haider Abida , Manzoor Iram , Hassan Hafiz Bilal , Samad Abdul , Fatima Abira , Shahid Bilal , Sheikh Naheed Humayun
Published: February 2025

Back ground & Objective: Tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccination in pregnancy is a widely used preventive strategy targeting neonatal and perpeureual tetanus. The objective of this study was to assess the coverage rate of TT vaccination among married women in reproductive age group and reasons for non-vaccination.Methodology:A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at Akhtar Saeed Trust Teaching Hospital, Lahore from February to August, 2013. A sample of forty seven (47) married women of reproductive age, fulfilling inclusion criteria was selected by non-probability, convenience sampling. Data was collected on structured questionnaire and was analyzed on SPSS version 20. Chi. Square test was applied to assess association of different factors with non -vaccination status.Results:The socio-demographic profile of 47 respondents showed that 17 (36.2%) were illiterate. Large family size of more than 4 family members was showed by 42(89.4%). Results showed that 23(49%) respondents had income of less than Rs.3000/capita/month.Out of total 47respondents, 26 (55.3%) were aware ofthename ofdisease tetanus.Knowledge about availability of vaccine for prevention of disease was present in 25(53.2%). Out of 47 participants, 21 (44.7%) women had thecorrectknowledge that the disease is transmittedmostly through unhygienic delivery practices.Regarding vaccination statusonly29(61.7%) had 2 injections of T.T during theirantenatal checkups.However,18 females(38.3%) never hadanytetanus toxoid dose. No significant difference was observed inTetanus toxoid coverage and education of the respondent (p= 0.35),number of antenatal visits(p = 0.35), place of delivery (p = 0.82) and distance tohealth facility(p=0.12).Conclusion:The studyrevealsthattetanus toxoidcoverage is very low in illiteratepopulation.Key Words:Tetanus, Vaccination, Coverage
A RARENASALTUMOR WITH NEURAL AND MYOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION: BIPHENOTYPIC SINONASAL SARCOMA
Authors: Masood Atika , Waris Sadaf , Bhutta Zubair Iqbal , Ahmad Mateen , Aslam Maleeha
Published: February 2025

Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcomais a newly recognized mesenchymal tumor that has been includedinthe upgradedclassification ofsinonasal tumors by WHO. This isa low-gradespindle cellmalignancypreviously categorized as fibrosarcoma or peripheral nerve sheath tumor. We report a caseof Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcomaarising ina middle-aged female.Thepatient came with the chiefcomplaints of left nasal discharge and epistaxis. CT report wassuggestive of left-sided sinonasal polyposis. After the surgery, histopathological and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis confirmed the diagnosis of Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma. This highlights the importance of IHC in this new entity to decrease the morbidity and mortality in such cases.KeyWords: Immunohistochemistry, Sarcoma, Mortality
NEPHROPROTECTIVE EFFECTOFMETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF DINOTHROMBIUM TINCTORIUM IN ALBINO RATS
Authors: Sidiq Safeena , laique Talha , Ahmad Ayesha , Butt Kashif , Khan Jahanzaib , Rashid Maryam
Published: February 2025

Modern world has proven scientifically that medicines derived from animals are important tools in treating ailments today. Objective:In current project, goal was to estimate the nephro-protective effects of methanolic extract of Dinothrombium tinctorium against carbon tetrachloride-induced nephrotoxicity.Studydesign:Itwasarandomisedcontrolstudy.Methodology:Aqueous methanolic extract (70% v/v) of Dinothrombium tinctorium (Dt.Cr) was arranged followed by subsequent evaporations. Renal toxicity was induced by CCl4(2 ml/kg, p.o) in paraffin oil on 7thday of experiment. Administration of methanolic extract of Dinothrombium tinctorium(300mg/kg body weight/day) orally sheltered theCCl4caused elevation of renal serum markers that includeurea and creatinine. There was renal markers elevation in the CCl4alone treated animals. Results:Administration of methanolic extract to CCl4encounter protection against the renal toxicity. Conclusion: The findings thus suggested that thismethanolic extract can be used as nephroprotective agent against CCl4-induced renal toxicity in albino rats. Key Words:Urea, Creatinine, Medicine
A YOUNG GIRL WITH ACUTE IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA
Authors: Choudhry Ayesha
Published: February 2025

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an immune-mediated acquired disease in both adults and children. It is characterized by transient or persistent reductionsin the platelet count. We report a case of ITP presentingwith intermittent fever and oral hemorrhagic symptoms. The patient was a 9-year-old girl with no significant past medical history. She presented with sudden onset gumbleeding and hemorrhagic bullae on the buccal mucosa. During night pinpoint purple spots (petechiae) appeared on the body mainly,on the lower legs. Laboratory tests revealed severe thrombocytopenia with a platelet count as low as 2000/mm3. Under a provisional diagnosis of Acute ITP,she was treated with 1 mega unit platelets transfusion and high dose immunoglobulin therapy. Her platelets rapidly increased, and no bleeding complications were reported. KeyWords:Gingiva, Hematoma, Hemorrhage, Purpura
IMPACT OF INGUINAL SENTINEL LYMPH NODE BIOPSY (SLNB) ON LONG TERM SURVIVAL OF PATIENTS WITH LOWER EXTREMITY MALIGNANT MELANOMA: A RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW
Authors: Manzoor Sobia , Bhatti Ahmad Faraz , Ullah Sami , Tabassum Saima , Khan Ehsan Ahmed
Published: February 2025

Background: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is widely accepted as the standard of care for correct lymphatic basin staging for patients with clinically localized malignant melanoma.Herein, our experience of determining the impact of inguinal SLNB onnode-negative, primary cutaneous melanoma of lower extremity in terms of long-termsurvival will be presented.Methods: In this study, we retrospectively revieweddata of patients havinglower extremity melanoma with Breslow thickness < 4 mm, who underwent inguinal SLNB(ISLNB)from January 2013 to January 2015 withfollow up till January 2020,retrieved from hospital database software(EX-07-02-19-01).We collected demographic, primary disease data, surgery data, histological data, and outcome data during a 5-year follow-up. Results: Of the 22 patients who underwent SLNB from 2013to 2015, 13 (59.1%) patients had positive inguinal SLNB. The mean age of patients was 40 years, with more chances of positive SLNB (8 out of 13) in patients of age ≤ 45 (pvalue 0.019). Mean ±SD tumor Breslow thickness was 2.57 ±0.86(pvalue0.0034). The mean follow-up period after surgery was 72.3 months (6.02 years). The mean ±SD number of days of hospital admission at the time of surgery was 3.7 ±1.2 days (pvalue 0.037). The total number of OPD visits during the first year follow up were less in Inguinal SLNB negative patients (pvalue 0.097).Conclusion: SLNB can be used as a routine procedure in node-negative malignant melanoma of the lower extremity for better survival and quality of life with fewer complications.KeyWords:Sentinel lymph node biopsy,Melanoma,Lower extremity
GENDER BASED DIFFERENCES IN KNOWLEDGE ANDPERCEPTIONS OFCONTRACEPTIVE METHODS AMONG UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTSINLAHORE.
Authors: Qureshi Irum , Manzoor Iram , Majeed Hamna , Joya Aneeqa Mumtaz , Rai Fuad Hameed
Published: February 2025

Background: Pakistan is the sixth most populous country in the world with low contraceptive prevalence rate (34%) and high unmet need for family planning (17.2%). This study was carried out to assess the knowledge of contraceptive methods among medical students and to highlight the importance of family planning methods through effective family education program in both young males and females of Pakistan. Material & Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among students of Akhtar Saeed Medical andDental institutions and a sample of 240 participants was collected through non-probability convenience sampling technique. After IRB clearance, a structured questionnaire was given to the participants for data collection. First year students from MBBS, BDS, DPT, Pharm D and nursing, who gave the informed consent and were willing to participate, were included in the study. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Bivariate analysis was conducted to assess the gender difference in knowledge regarding contraceptive methods in students by keeping p value less than 0.05 as significant. Results: This study included 240 students, out of which, 83(34.6%) were males and 157(65.4%) were females. It was observed that females had better knowledge and understanding of natural, temporary and permanent methods of contraception with significant p value=0.00. Females were more in favour of use of contraceptive methods in future with pvalue=0.00 and they had more knowledge of uses of oral contraceptive pills with pvalue<0.00. It was found out during the survey, that raised family income/month was directly proportional to the better knowledge level regarding all types of contraception with p value<0.05. Parent’s educational status had also positivelyaffected the knowledge of contraceptive methods of participants of this study. Conclusion: A significant difference was observed in positive knowledge of female students regarding contraceptive methods. However, no significant difference among male and female students was found regarding barriers in contraceptive use and their satisfaction levels toward need of improvement of family planning services in Pakistan. Key Words: Contraceptivemethods, Knowledge, Family planning
ANTERIORKNEE PAIN SIXMONTHS AFTER ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: Azhar Memoona , Jamal Nauman , Akhtar Muhammad Waseem , Mahmood Muhammad Alam
Published: February 2025

Background:Pain at the anterior partof the knee is one of the major complicationsbesidesothersthatareassociated withanterior cruciate ligament (ACL)reconstruction. Prevalence of anterior knee pain varieswith the siteof graft chosenfor ACL reconstruction,with high prevalence when bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) is used as autograft. The objective of the study was to determinethe number of patients with anterior knee pain associated with ACL reconstruction aftersix months of surgery.Materialand methods: It was a cross-sectionalstudy in which 81patients undergoingACL reconstruction were includedasper inclusion and exclusion criteria. All patientsincluded in the studywere male with the same baseline characteristics, patients were assessedusing an anterior knee pain scale (AKPS) six monthsof reconstruction surgery.Results: Mean age of patients was 30.8years,Range 17 years to60 yearsout of 81. Patients with no history of pain were 35 (43.2%).The pain was occasionally severe in 28 (34.6%)patients.Conclusion:Almost 60% of the cases postACL reconstruction with bone-patellar tendon graftcomplained of anterior knee pain of mild to moderateseverity even after six monthsof re-constructionaccording to the anterior knee pain scale (AKPS).Key Words: Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Pain, Patients
EFFECT OF SEASONAL VARIATION ON NUMBER OF CATARACTSURGERIESPERFORMED IN A TRUST HOSPITAL OF LAHORE
Authors: Riaz Sidrah , Khan Muhammad Tariq , Saghir Muhammad , Malik Abdul Majeed , Ahmad Munir
Published: February 2025

Background:There are different factors which control patient access to surgery for cataract. These include locality, gender, literacy rate, monthly income, season, availability of ophthalmologists and operative facilities. Material and Methods:The place of study is the Ophthalmology department of Akhter Saeed trust hospital, EME Society, Lahore. A Cross-sectional surveywas conducted and sample was taken throughnon-probability conventional sampling method.The results were analyzed by SPSS 20. The frequencies were presented in form of a bar chart and graph.The data of cataract surgeries performed over the last five years from January 2016 to December 2020 was collected.A retrospective data regarding the number of cataract surgeries performed over thelast five years was collected. There were 675patients included in the study who presented in the outpatient department (OPD) and admitted tothe eye ward for cataract surgery.After taking written consent these patients were screenedfor hepatitis B and C and scheduled for cataract surgery. The monthly data of severalcataract surgeriesperformed in the hospitalwas noted,and patients were followed as per routine.Results:The data of 675 patients werecollected, operated for cataractsover the last five years, from January2016 to December 2020in a trust hospital where most patients were operated free. According to data the top three months with a maximum number of surgeries were November, March,andOctober. The number of patients operated in these three months was87(12.88%), 86 (12.74%),and 80 (11.85%)respectively. The months which showed the lowest number of patients wereAugust, July,and June34 (5.04%), 32 (4.74%),and 24(3.55%)respectively. Conclusion:Most patients presenting with cataract for surgery chose some specific months(March and November)over others for their cataract operations, depending upon personal believes, preferences,and economical resources.Key Words:Cataract,Seasonal, Surgery
COMPARISON OF DETEMIRVERSUS NEUTRAL PROTAMINE HAGEDORN FOR MANAGEMENT OF FEMALES PRESENTING WITH DIABETES DURING PREGNANCY.
Authors: Rashid Madeeha , Khurshid Kiren , Usman Muhammad , Naeem Hira , Aman Nadia
Published: February 2025

Background:Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the type ofdiabetes, firstdiagnosed during pregnancy. Increased Body mass index (BMI), previous history of gestational diabetes, family history of type II diabetes and polycystic ovarian syndrome are risk factors forthe development ofgestational diabetes mellitus. Gestational diabetes resolves after pregnancy in most cases.The main objective of the study was to compare the efficacy with Detemirversus Neutral Protamine Hagedorn for management of pregnant females presenting with gestational diabetes.Material andMethods:Arandomized Control Trialwascarried out in obstetrics & gynecology department, Unit I,Services Hospital, Lahorefor 6 months from 05-04-2018 to 05-10-2018.Totalof 710 females wereinductedintostudy. Then participants of studywere divided into two groups. Then females were advised to take one shot daily at same time and followed-up till 36 weeks. Reports were assessed and level of HbA1c was noted. If HbA1c<6.0%, the efficacy labeled. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze all the collected data.Results: The mean age of participantsin Detemirgroup was 29.25±6.14 years whereas in the NPHgroup was 29.97±5.97 years. Efficacy was achieved in 267 cases (175 with determine vs. 92 with NPH, p-value=0.001). Conclusion: Detemiris significantly more effective than NPH for management of pregnant females presenting with gestational diabetes. KeyWords: Gestational diabetes mellitus, Blood glucose level, Body mass index
DEADLY INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE STORM AS IMMUNE RESPONSE IN COVID-19 PATIENTS
Authors: Aslam Muhammad Shahbaz , Qureshi Muhammad Saeed , Kanwal Zunaira , Hameed Tooba , Amin Khawar , Ahmad Ayesha
Published: February 2025

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak which is caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2 was declared as a massive threat to international health by WHO in March’2020. This SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to immune reactions in the host known as cytokine storm,dysregulation in the host immune system leading to uncontrolled release of cytokines.Several clinical studies emphasize pertinent changes occurring in both innate and adaptive immune systems of the human body in response to SARS-CoV-2. As the world must live amidst the current ongoing virus, understanding the immunology of the disease canassist in disease containment and the development of more effective vaccines and therapeutics to prevent and treat patients infected with COVID-19. Here, wehavediscussedthe changes in the host immune response to infection by SARS-CoV-2,mechanism of cytokine storm & association of othermajor cytokines. Key Words: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Acute respiratory distress syndrome
TYPE I INTERFERON: ANTIVIRAL IS NEED OF THE TIME FOR COVID-19
Authors: Haq Faiz Ul
Published: February 2025

TYPE I INTERFERON: ANTIVIRAL IS NEED OF THE TIME FOR COVID-19
METABOLIC SYNDROMES IN FEMALES WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
Authors: Mumtaz Naila , Ashraf Adila , Abid Shazia , Niaz Saira , Ahmed Syeda Abida , Jabbar Sadaf
Published: February 2025

Background: One of the most frequent female endocrine disorders is polycystic ovary syndrome. It hasa strong association with metabolic syndrome.The objective of this study wasto find the frequency of metabolic syndrome in females with polycystic ovary syndrome.Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectionalstudy done in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Hameed Lateef Hospital Lahorefor sixmonths.All the datawas taken in form of age,address,and phone number. All diagnosed cases of PCOS were further evaluated for metabolic syndrome. A blood sample was taken with an aseptic measure and was sent to the hospital laboratory forbiochemistryanalysis.Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was measured by researcherherself and waist circumferencewas measuredwith a standard measuring tape. Results: The mean age of all females was 34.58 ± 6.54 years with minimum and maximum agesas 18 and 45 years. There were 80(25.3%) obese and 236(74.7%) non-obese females. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 130.05 ± 12.15 and 85.59 ± 9.40.The overall prevalence of metabolic syndromein females with PCOSwas 31.6% (n=100).Conclusion:It is concluded that the frequency of metabolic syndrome was high in females with polycystic ovary syndrome.Hence females with PCOS must be ruled out for metabolic syndrome and they must be considered for first-linetreatment to reduce cardiovascular disease and other complications related to metabolic syndrome.KeyWords: Infertility,Obesity,Metabolic syndrome,Cardiovascular disease
ONLINE LEARNING ERA
Authors: Sadiq Fauzia
Published: February 2025

ONLINE LEARNING ERA
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PERCEIVED AND ACTUAL PAIN EXPERIENCED WITH ORTHODONTIC FIXED APPLIANCES; A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY CONDUCTED AT A PRIVATE DENTAL HOSPITAL IN LAHORE, PUNJAB.
Authors: Qamar Ch. Rehan , Kamran Muhammad , Saeed Hassaan
Published: February 2025

Background:The currentstudyaimed to find the difference between perceived pain and actual painexperienced with orthodontic fixed appliances.Material and Methods:Thiscross-sectional study was carried out from Juneto November 2021, on 33 patients, out of which males were 19 (57.58%) and females were 14 (42.42%) in number, with a mean age of 16.12 ± 4.18 yars visitingUniversity Hospitalof Dentistry, Lahore. Pain,perceived by patients beforethe fixture was recordedby visual analog scale (VAS),and the onsetand severity of actuallyexperienced pain werealso recorded with VASafter fixing theappliance.Results:The onset of actual pain was after4 hours of the procedure and paired t-test showed a statistically significant difference between perceived and actual pain.Conclusion:The patient’s perception ofpain before the fixture is much greaterthan the intensity of actual pain experienced during theorthodontic fixed appliance treatment.Key Words:Pain, Periodontal Ligament, Hyperalgesia
EXPLORING THE PHENOMENON OF CHILDMARRIAGES IN SOUTH PUNJAB: A CASE STUDY OF THESIL RAJANPUR
Authors: Abid Ayesha , Hussain Mussarat , Asghar Arslan
Published: February 2025

The present study explores the socio-cultural causes behind the practice of childmarriage and its impact on adolescent girl'slife in a certain era. Pushing factors behind this cultural trendarebased on unawareness about thehazardous effectof early marriage, inflexible cultural values, rigid mentality, lack of education and influence of punchaiti decision by the practice of watta Sattaandpait likhi.All these factorshave a bad impact on preadolescent girl'slife as psychologically torched, physically frail by miscarryingpregnancy, economical crises, socially disorder, maladjustment in spouse family and faced spousal violence. The researchers haveused an interpretive scientific approach to explore the phenomena in its all sense through in-depthinterviews, empirical observation and case study method. The study's outcomeis that the custom of childmarriage among girlsis a most practicedand civilized societal act. It has a hazardous impact on young married girl in their whole life ineach domain and even female isbeing deprived oftheir basic human rights in this era.Key Words: Marriage, Pregnancy, Adolescent
Persepsi Mahasiswa terhadap Kurikulum Merdeka tentang Modul Ajar dan Profil Pancasila Ditinjau Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin
Authors: Angelika Neindea , Rusilowati Ani
Published: February 2025

Sikap pendidik terhadap implementasi kurikulum merdeka saat ini ditemukan dalam satuan pendidikan masih memiliki kendala interpretasi. Sehingga pentingnya mengetahui persepsi yang dimiliki calon pendidik yang akan datang dalam meginterpretasikan kurikulum merdeka. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui secara mendalam persepsi yang dimiliki mahasiswa praktik lapangan persekolahan dengan menginterpretasikan dan mengimplementasikan kurikulum merdeka ketika ditinjau berdasarkan perbedaan jenis kelamin. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui angket dan wawancara. Teknik sampel yang digunakan purposive sample dengan pertimbangan mahasiswa yang praktik pada sekolah yang sudah mengimplementasikan kurikulum merdeka. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan sebanayk 31 orang dengan tempat praktik di SMAN 1, SMAN 3, SMAN 5, dan SMAN 6 Kota Semarang. Adapun analisis yang digunakan dengan data statistik dan data inferensial melalui uji prasyarat dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian ditemukan persepsi yang dimiliki mahasiswa perempuan dengan laki-laki terdapat perbedaaan terhadap adanya modul ajar dalam kurikulum merdeka dengan skor rata-rata 74,58 dan 71,02 pada kategori baik. Sedangkan persepsi yang dimiliki mahasiswa perempuan dengan laki-laki terhadap profil penguatan pancasila tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan dengan skor rata-rata 66,15 dan 66,98 pada kategori baik. Oleh karena itu pentingnya optimalisasi diskusi tentang kurikulum merdeka dengan intens kepada calon pendidik maupun pendidik agar persepsi semakin lebih baik.