bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early screening of Autism Spectrum Disorder in primary care using parental questionnaires: The Kitcat French study protocol
Authors: Marignier Stéphanie Stéphanie , Nathalie Touil , Geay  , Subtil  , Jani El , Mardirossian  , Gaillard  , Kassai Behrouz , Sonie
Published: February 2024

Early screening of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) needs to be improved to propose early interventions. Parental questionnaires are useful to help primary care professionals and nurseries to detect children’s autism signs. Our primary objective is to estimate the positive predictive value of an early detection kit composed of 2 parental questionnaires M-CHAT-R/F™ (Modified-CHecklist for Autism in Toddlers-Revised/Follow-up) and CSBS DP™-ITC (Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile-Infant Toddler Checklist) followed by a psychologist’s confirmation. Methods and Analysis: Boys and girls aged 16 to 30 months, seen at their general or paediatric practice or attending nurseries or early childcare centers, never diagnosed ASD, are eligible. We plan to have a cohort of 1700 children filling the screening kit and expect to detect about 81 children confirmed positive . We also expect to detect other neurodevelopmental disorders than ASD. Discussion: The use of 2 questionnaires and the intervention of trained psychologists should optimize the access to early detection of ASD near home and links between childhood professionals. Our study is coherent with the French organization and existing tools.
Educating and empowering Australians through a digital approach to biodiversity conservation
Authors: Kindler Gareth , Kelly Nick , Carden Tim , Watson James E.M.
Published: February 2024

Despite public support for conservation, Australian government policy responses have been insufficient for addressing the biodiversity crisis. This situation represents a disconnect between political decision-makers and the public. Digital interventions offer a promising tool for bridging this connection through education and political engagement at the constituency level. We present the conceptual foundations, design, and impact of Threatened Australians, a web-based application aimed at constituency-based awareness raising and facilitating of political actions. Using a transdisciplinary approach, we curated nine data sets including species threats and the voting history of elected representatives to communicate the plight of 1717 species across 151 electoral districts. The app received 17,235 users across all electoral districts over a six-week period around the 2022 Australian federal election. We discuss the design intentions, impact, and lessons learnt such as trade-offs in navigating data limitations and the benefits of following scientific frameworks. The app demonstrates a case study in augmenting conservation efforts with digital approaches to bridge the gap between public conservation sentiment and government policy.
The social perception of first names.
Authors: Lee Anthony J , Lis Odette , Panagiotakou Sofia
Published: February 2024

First (given) names are subject to stereotypes and can be a source of bias when making many important decisions. However, previous research on name bias is fragmented and informed by disjointed theories. Here, we investigate the underlying structure of name biases to provide a unifying theory of the social perception of names. Across two samples collected in separate countries (UK and Germany; N = 658 and 972 respectively), a large number of male and female names were rated on multiple social traits, with mean trait ratings for each name then being entered into a Principal Components Analysis. In both samples, and for both male and female names, the same four component structure was found: these included components corresponding with valence/warmth, dominance/competence, age, and familiarity. We propose that this four component model could provide an overarching theoretical framework that could help unite research on name bias and generate new testable hypotheses.
Psychopathy and sadism on the road: differences between automobile and motorcycle drivers
Authors: Landa-Blanco Miguel , Villanueva Alejandra
Published: February 2024

The present study compared the differences in psychopathy and sadism scores between motorcycle and automobile drivers. Limited research has been done regarding personality traits in motorcycle drivers or the role of sadism in traffic psychology and vehicle driving preference. A non-random sample of 813 Honduran participants was included. Psychopathy was measured with the Short Dark Triad (SD3) corresponding subscale, and sadism with the Assessment of Sadistic Personality (ASP). An exploratory factor analysis suggests that psychopathy and sadism are different yet related constructs. Overall results suggest that motorcyclists score higher on psychopathy and sadism than automobile drivers. The data was further analyzed by gender, yielding similar results. Male motorcyclists scored higher on psychopathy than automobile drivers, but not on sadism. On the other hand, female motorcyclists scored higher on sadism and psychopathy than female automobile drivers. The implications and limitations of the study are discussed.
Psychological Inflexibility and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) Behavior among Emerging Adults: Life Satisfaction as Moderator
Authors: Khairunnisa Nadira , Oriza Imelda Ika Dian
Published: February 2024

This study aims to examine the role of life satisfaction level as a moderator in the correlation between psychological inflexibility and NSSI behavior. Self-harm behavior without any intention to commit suicide (non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI)) is now widely practiced by adolescents and young adults. Participants in this study were 224 participants aged 18-29 years (average age 22.21 years, 81.3% female). Life satisfaction levels were measured using the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), psychological inflexibility was measured using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), and NSSI behavior was measured using the Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Function Scale (NSSI-FS). Moderation analysis was done using Hayes 4.0. The results of the moderation analysis show that level of life satisfaction significantly moderates the relationship between psychological inflexibility and NSSI behavior. This is consistent with the research hypothesis, namely the level of life satisfaction can weaken the relationship between psychological inflexibility and NSSI behavior. Therefore it can be concluded that individuals can weaken the effects of psychological inflexibility by increasing their life satisfaction.
Unraveling Post-Election Dynamics: An Analysis of Groupthink in the Wake of the 2023 Presidential Election - Insights from Atiku and Obi Supporters
Authors: Oladele Kayode , Remilekun Fausat Sarumi
Published: February 2024

A heated contention arose over the outcome of the 2023 presidential election in Nigeria, with fervent followers of Peter Obi and Atiku Abubakar staunchly asserting their positions. This research delves into the repercussions of post-election groupthink syndrome on the perceptions and perspectives of these politically charged groups. Spanning from February 25, 2023, to September 25, 2023, the study meticulously scrutinizes media sources to explore the factors contributing to the emergence and endurance of Groupthink within these factions. The findings illuminate the roles of echo chambers, charismatic leadership, and confirmation bias in shaping group dynamics, perpetuating entrenched beliefs. The implications of these revelations underscore the need for initiatives in media literacy and critical thinking to empower citizens to navigate the information landscape successfully. Political leaders are urged to prioritize inclusive, fact-based decision-making to counteract the adverse effects of Groupthink, fostering a more enlightened and harmonious political discourse in Nigeria.
Socio-Economic Life of Fishermen's Community in Padang City
Authors: Syahrizal  , Meiyenti Sri , Mitra Robi , Ihsan Shahibul , Ramdesta Andry
Published: February 2024

This article aims to describe the socio-economic life of the fishing community in Purus Village, Padang City. The problem in the article concerns the socio-economic conditions of fishing communities in Padang City. This research was conducted on fishing communities in Purus Village, Padang City using ethnographic qualitative methods through observation, structured interviews, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. The results of the research can be concluded: First, the reason for choosing a job as a fisherman is because this job is a job passed down from ancestors; they feel destined to be fishermen, do not have the capital to open another business, have a low level of education, and have no other skills. Second, the relationship between fishermen and their family members is not very close, because they are busy with their respective activities until the afternoon. Third, education in fishing families is generally only limited to middle and high school, because the costs are considered expensive and children lack motivation to study and continue their education to tertiary level. Fourth, there are still many fishing communities that do not have their own homes and live in simple rented houses. Fifth, income from fishing in the sea is uncertain, like a 'tiger's fortune', sometimes you get quite a lot of fish, and sometimes you don't catch any fish. The lack of socio-economic welfare of the fishing community in Purus, Padang City is influenced by unstable economic income.
Patterns of Reproductive Health and Sexuality Learning among Private High School Students at Yayasan Perguruan Mayjend Sutoyo in Medan
Authors: Siboro Ayulina , Zuska Fikarwin , Ginting Bengkel , Ismail Rizabuana , Sitorus Henry
Published: February 2024

The surge in premarital sexual incidents among teenagers leading to early marriages, prompted by unintended pregnancies, pervasive dating behavior beyond ethical boundaries, exposure to explicit content, and the prevalence of sexual diseases, underscores the critical need for comprehensive sexual and reproductive health education. This study explores the patterns and strategies employed in imparting sexual education and managing reproductive health among students at Yayasan Perguruan Mayjend Sutoyo High School, Sisingamangaraja Street, Medan. Employing qualitative methods, data was gathered through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with students, Biology teachers, the School Principal, parents, and other stakeholders. The findings reveal that sexual education primarily stems from Biology teachers, who employ tactful language to teach human anatomy, reproductive organs, and sexual functions, adhering to contextual norms. Reproductive health education addresses the dynamics and consequences of casual sexual relationships, utilizing age-appropriate teaching materials. Teenagers seek diverse knowledge from parents, school descriptions, and online resources to navigate sexual and reproductive health challenges. However, the discreet provision of sexual education is influenced by traditional cultural values, fostering silence and shame, particularly in discussing male and female genitalia.
BIG FIVE PERSONALITY TERHADAP PERILAKU IMPULSIVE BUYING PRODUK FASHION MAHASISWA PSIKOLOGI UKSW
Authors: Rohmah Ahat Nur , Rahayu Maria Nugraheni Mardi
Published: February 2024

Mahasiswa merupakan individu yang berada pada masa transisi dari remaja menuju dewasa akan berupaya untuk mengeksplorasi diri salah satunya dengan mencoba berbagai produk fashion. Dalam upaya mengeksplorasi gaya hidup, mahasiswa akan mencoba beberapa hal, salah satunya eksplorasi tentang fashion. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Fakultas Psikologi UKSW sebanyak 260 partisipan. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel non-probability sampling dengan metode accidental sampling. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan skala impulsive buying dikembangkan oleh Verplanken dan Herabadi (2001) dan skala Big Five Inventory dikembangkan oleh Oliver P. John dkk (1991).  Hasil yang didapat dari uji regresi linear sederhana yang dilakukan diperoleh bahwa nilai sig trait extraversion (0,00), nilai sig trait agreeableness (0,126), nilai sig trait conscientiousness (0,003), nilai sig trait neuroticism (0,000), nilai sig trait openness to experience (0,028). Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah trait extraversion, trait conscientiousness, trait neuroticism, dan trait openness to experience memiliki pengaruh terhadap perilaku impulsive buying produk fashion, sedangkan trait agreeableness tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap perilaku impulsive buying produk fashion. Mahasiswa hendaknya membuat perencanaan dan mempertimbangkan terlebih dahulu seperti urgensi mengenai barang yang akan dibeli. Hal ini untuk menghindari terjadinya pembelian tanpa perencanaan (impulsive buying).
ALPHA FEMALE DAN FLOURISHING PADA PEREMPUAN BEKERJA
Authors: Masturah Alifah Nabilah
Published: February 2024

Individu memiliki keterlibatan, makna, hubungan, dan prestasi sebagai komponen subjektif dan objektif dalam dirinya untuk mampu bertumbuh. orang yang sangat flourish yakin akan kemampuan dirinya untuk memiliki hubungan sosial yang luas dan memuaskan. Kemampuan seperti ini sangat diperlukan oleh perempuan yang bekerja. Salah satu karakter yang dapat menunjang adalah alpha female. Ini karena alpha female digambarkan sebagai perempuan alpha atau perempuan yang menjadi pemimpin sekelompok individu di lingkungan mereka. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh alpha female terhadap flourishing pada perempuan bekerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif cross sectional dengan metode accidental sampling yang digunakan dalam melibatkan sejumlah subjek penelitian. Subjek penelitian adalah karyawan perempuan yang memiliki jabatan dan bertanggung jawab memimpin suatu tim. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 35 karyawati yang belum menikah dan 27 karyawati yang sudah menikah. Rentang usia subjek tersebar dari 17-53 tahun. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah Alpha Female Inventory (AFI) dan Flourishing Scale (FS). Analisa data menggunakan regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menemukan alpha female secara simultan mampu memprediksi flourishing (R=0.646; p<0.01) sebesar 41.7%. Namun, hanya alpha female leadership yang memiliki pengaruh terhadap flourishing (β=-0.590; p<0.01). Sementara, alpha female strength (r=-0.355; p<0.01) dan alpha female low introversion (r=0.389; p<0.01) hanya memiliki keterkaitan dengan flourishing. Hasil juga menunjukkan status pernikahan memiliki keterkaitan dengan flourishing (r=0.410; p<0.01) dan alpha female low introversion (r=0.271; p<0.05). Namun, status pernikahan tidak terkait dengan alpha female leadership (r=-0.117; p>0.05) maupun alpha female strength (r=0.106; p>0.05). Artinya, perempuan yang bekerja akan memiliki flourishing yang tinggi bila alpha female leadership mereka cenderung lemah. Ini juga dapat terkait dengan alpha female strength yang tidak dominan, dan alpha female low introversion yang kuat.
GAMBARAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR PADA SISWA
Authors: Fitriyana Nur , Rachmawati Mira Aliza
Published: February 2024

Proses pembelajaran  siswa tidak lepas kaitannya dengan motivasi dan hasil belajar. Siswa yang  mendapat  hasil  belajar  yang  tinggi  selalu  didukung  dengan  motivasi  belajar  yang  tinggi pula.Adapun perilaku-perilaku mengindikasikan rendahnya motivasi seperti masih banyak siswa yang mengerjakan pekerjaan rumah disekolah, malas mengemukakan pendapat, kurang aktifnya siswa saat proses belajar, siswa lebih banyak membicarakan  hal lain di luar mata pelajaran saat proses belajar mengajar  berlangsung,  membuat  gaduh  sehingga  tidak  memperhatikan   guru,  dan  sering  datang terlambat  saat pergantian  proses belajar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat gambaran motivasi belajar siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan teknik pengumpulan data purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara dan observasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini, setiap siswa memiliki motivasi belajar yang berbeda-beda, tapi secara garis besar motivasi yang terbesar mereka yaitu dari eksternal. Hal ini terlihat dari motivasi belajar siswa menurun ketika tidak menyukai guru yang akan menyampaikan materi di kelas.
IDENTIFIKASI DUKUNGAN KELUARGA SEBAGAI MODERATOR ANTARA INTRUSI DAN STRES IDENTIFICATION OF FAMILY SUPPORT AS A MODERATOR BETWEEN INTRUSION AND STRESS
Authors: Natanael Yonathan , - Fridayanti , Ansori Mohamad Rizal , Salsabilla Rahmaditya , Haq Rangga Rijllul
Published: February 2024

ABSTRAK: Pandemi covid-19 memberikan dampak pada kesehatan mental hampir seluruh kalangan di dunia. Tidak hanya terpaku dari kalangan klinis saja, akan tetapi terjadi pula dampaknya pada kalangan mahasiswa di era adaptasi kebiasaan baru. Fokus penelitian ini adalah menguji peran dukungan sosial dari keluarga sebagai variabel moderator atas pengaruh intrusi terhadap stress kehidupan pada kalangan mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kausalitas dan menggunakan teknik sampling insidental untuk mendapatkan partisipan penelitian. Total partisipan yang terlibat menjadi partisipan penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 455 mahasiswa dari berbagai Universitas di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan moderation regression analysis menunjukkan dukungan sosial dari keluarga yang berperan sebagai moderator yang menurunkan pengaruh intrusi terhadap stress kehidupan pada kalangan mahasiswa di era adaptasi kebiasaan baru.  Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya faktor protektif berupa dukungan sosial dari orangtua bagi kesehatan mental mahasiswa di era adaptasi kebiasaan baru. Kata Kunci: dukungan sosial dari keluarga, intrusi, stres, moderation regression analysis, mahasiswa. ABSTRACT: The covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on the mental health of almost all people in the world. Not only stuck in clinical circles but also impact students in the era of adaptation to new habits. This study aimed to examine the role of family support as a moderator variable for the effect of intrusion on life stress among college students. This study uses a causality approach and incidental sampling techniques to get research participants. The total number of participants involved in this study was 455 students from various universities in Indonesia. The moderation regression analysis results show that family support is a moderator variable that reduces intrusion's effect on life stress among students in the era of adaptation to new habits. This study emphasizes the importance of protective factors like family support for students' mental health in adapting to new habits. Keywords: family support, intrusion, stress, moderation regression analysis, college student.
THE FEMININE CONTRIBUTION TO ‘SOCIAL FRIENDSHIP’ INSIGHTS FROM THE SOCIAL ENCYCLICAL "FRATELLI TUTTI"
Authors:   Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas ANGELICUM in Roma, Petrini Raffaella
Published: February 2024

The latest social encyclical of Pope Francis, Fratelli Tutti (2020), focuses on the theme of fraternity, which is a key concept of Catholic social teaching. The papal document reiterates that true universal fraternity implies the acknowledgement of the worth of each human person as a primary value of reference, always and everywhere. Fraternity, however, rooted in reciprocity and openness to mutual enrichment, needs to be consciously and carefully cultivated. Although men and women are both called to actively participate in building the culture of fraternity and solidarity that allows the pursuit of the common good, women can offer a particular contribution to promoting fraternity and social friendship. The feminine capacity to nurture and bring forth new life can effectively enhance an attitude of care, which integrates and completes the more masculine orientation towards justice, marked by a distinct sensitivity towards those who are more fragile and in need of help. From this perspective, a cultural change is needed, through education and practice, so that the feminine capacity for care can be recognized as a gift and promoted within organizations and all basic structures of common life.
CREATIVE LAW: SINGERS, ROLES, AND LEGAL DISPUTES AT THE PARIS OPÉRA DURING THE ANCIEN RÉGIME
Authors:   University of Oxford Saint Catherine's College, Salem Lola
Published: February 2024

This article argues that the legal institutions governing the operation of the Paris Opéra since its establishment in 1669 were not merely applied hierarchically from above. To some extent, performers participated in defining the legal terms of the Opéra’s business. Challenging the prevailing creative practice of the time, these performers deployed legal rhetoric particularly in resolving disputes relating to casting. Casting decisions proved particularly salient insofar as the combination of personal prestige and financial success at stake produced both professional competition and social conflict. After demonstrating the main principles at work behind performers’ challenges to the administrative and legal conditions of the Paris Opéra, this article presents a series of case studies that illustrate the ways in which performers attempted to use legal strategies to alter the institutional setting as it related to casting.
THE RIGHT TO ABORTION AND THE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF THE DOBBS DECISION ON CONTEMPORARY LEGAL TRENDS
Authors:   Josip Juray Strossmayer University of Osijek, Tucak Ivana , Blagojević Anita ,   Josip Juray Strossmayer University of Osijek
Published: February 2024

As a remarkably delicate issue, termination of pregnancy remains even today, in the second decade of the 21st century, firmly in the public eye. Nevertheless, in terms of legal regulation of abortion, over the last 50 years, we have witnessed continuous liberalization of abortion legislation. This contemporary trend of liberalization has been manifested mainly in Europe, in which most countries have legalized abortion on demand in the second half of the 20th century while constitutional courts of a number of European countries have upheld the constitutionality of such liberalized laws. However, in the aftermath of the United States Supreme Court ruling from 24 June 2022 in the Dobbs case, whereby it overturned constitutional protection of the right to abortion, essentially delegating abortion-related regulation to federal states, the question arose of (im)possible effects of this decision on said contemporary legal trends on the global, European and national levels. With that in mind, this paper aims to analyze comparative legal solutions and recent constitutional court case law of individual states, as well as the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, in order to assess possible changes in contemporary legal trends regarding termination of pregnancy.
THE MOTHER OF ALL LIVING: RE-READING THE STORY OF EVE (AND ADAM)
Authors:   New York University School of Law, Weiler JHH
Published: February 2024

This is a re-reading and retelling of the story of Eve and Adam. It argues that the action of Eve was at one and the same time Ascent – completing our creation as humans with moral agency, a condition for meaningful Imitatio Dei – and Fall – giving an additional nuance to Original Sin – not merely disobedience but rejection of the very meaning of humanity and liberty offered by the Holy One Blessed Be He. We owe, thus, to Eve the richness of our human existence – with joy and sorrow, with freedom to do good but potential to be sinful, in an eternal search for sanctification and salvation.
PROTECTION OF THE DEBTOR IN THE POLISH CODE OF OBLIGATIONS – THE CASE OF THE ASSIGNMENT OF CLAIMS
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Adamczyk Igor
Published: February 2024

In this article, the author discusses the sources of the protection of the debtor regarding the assignment of claims under the Polish Code of Obligations of 1933. In his study, he refers to Austrian, German, French, and Swiss law. The article considers also the regulation of the Franco-Italian Draft Code of Obligations of 1927. Subsequently, he presents the solution adopted in the Polish Code of Obligations in the context of the regulation of the aforementioned legal systems. For this purpose, the article is based on the legal state and the statements of the legal doctrine from the period before the entry into force of the Polish Code of Obligations.
THE EVOLUTION OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS IN THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY IN LIGHT OF THE STRATEGIC PLAN FOR 2023-2027
Authors:   Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Gołasa Piotr , Bieńkowska-Gołasa Wioletta ,   Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Litwiniuk Przemysław ,   Warsaw University of Life Sciences
Published: February 2024

The article presents the origins and key transformations of the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and the most significant factors that have influenced its current shape. It is shown that since its inception, the CAP has undergone significant changes involving both its goals and operational tools. It was found that over the years and under changing circumstances, the CAP has transformed from a policy aimed at increasing agricultural production and productivity into a tool that determines the development of rural areas and stimulates pro-environmental measures. The validity of this perspective is also supported by an analysis of the financial aspects of its functioning. In the context of the findings, the second part of the study characterizes the current shape of the Strategic Plan for the Common Agricultural Policy for 2023-2027 (CAP SP), which defines the main financial instruments for achieving the objectives of the CAP. It was found that compared to the previous programming period, significantly less funds were allocated to payments according to agricultural area (a decrease in the share from 43% to 35%), redirecting them to various types of payments related to pro-environmental measures. These changes are in line with the direction of the CAP’s evolution. However, the way in which additional payments are linked to the implementation of pro-environmental measures is debatable, creating numerous implementation problems for farmers. The result is a low share of eco-schemes in the payment applications submitted by farmers in 2023, which will reduce the amount of EU support they will absorb.
THE ANALYSIS OF HUMAN RIGHTS ‘INFLATION’ IN THE CONTEXT OF EVOLVING INTERNATIONAL REGIME OF WOMEN’S RIGHTS
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Buszman Zuzanna
Published: February 2024

Without a doubt, the concern about ‘human rights inflation’ reflects the modern world’s increasing ambition, breadth and complexity in developing the human rights regime. This rapidly expanding catalogue of rights has generated discussion about human rights proliferation, devaluation and too vast interpretation. Consequently, some critics perceive new generations of human rights as less relevant, which ultimately is supposed to alter their purpose, legitimacy, and effectiveness. This article seeks to disentangle the inflation objection from other concerns about rights expansionism and to critically assess it. Therefore, it will both analyze the phenomenon of rights inflation as well as evaluate its scope of implication based on the progressive development of women’s rights in the domain of gender-based violence and conflict-related sexual violence. The article will also analyze examples of possible regresses of women’s rights in the topic of reproductive rights based on constitutional court decisions in the United States and Poland. To underline only a few examples, the most striking ones will be presented and they will relate to (i) the evolution of women’s rights invigorated by the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and the interpretation of its provisions by the CEDAW Committee, (ii) the recognition of the crime of sexual violence in armed conflicts as well as a more accurate definition of the crime of rape and lastly (iii) the exponential progress of second generation rights, which include social, economic and political emancipation of women. The article will reach its conclusion by explaining the importance of generating a sense of closure in human rights interpretation through drawing strict boundaries around the corpus of ‘proper’ human rights without entitling to a suspicion of claims of too far-reaching cultural and political transformations within societal structure. Instead of calling it human rights devaluation, the author argues that it should be perceived as human rights evolution, which encompasses both a constant adjustment and reinterpretation of rights according to the rapidly changing world as well as the way people understand it.
SURVEY ON DISSENTING OPINIONS IN THE JURISPRUDENCE OF COLLEGIAL PUBLIC FINANCE BODIES IN POLAND
Authors:   University of Łódź, Faculty of Law and Administration, Bogucka-Felczak Monika , Budziarek Magdalena ,   University of Łódź, Faculty of Law and Administration, Kapusta Monika ,   University of Łódź, Faculty of Law and Administration, Kowalski Patryk ,   University of Łódź, Faculty of Law and Administration
Published: February 2024

Dissenting opinions to the rulings of state bodies are submitted very rarely. The purpose of this article was to identify the reasons for this phenomenon in case of rulings of collegial public finance bodies, such as committees adjudicating on cases of violation of public finance discipline (including joint adjudication committee, inter-ministerial adjudication committee, adjudication committee at the Chief of Staff of the Prime Minister Chancellery, regional adjudication committees at regional accounting chambers, the Main Adjudication Committee) and rulings of local government appeal boards adjudicating on tax matters. The research was conducted using the Computer-Assisted Web Interview research technique. The research material included 67 questionnaires completed by a group of employees-adjudicators of the above-mentioned bodies. Their analysis led to the following research findings which explained why dissenting opinions to the decisions of collegial public finance authorities are submitted so seldom: rare occurrence of controversies among the members of the adjudicating panel, personality traits of the members of these bodies, and more specifically, striving to ensure their independence and a sense of collegiality. The shape of the procedural provisions governing the rules for submitting dissenting opinions cannot be seen as one of such reasons.
CIVIL LIABILITY FOR DAMAGE CAUSED BY A DIETARY SUPPLEMENT
Authors:   University of Silesia in Katowice, Gała Paweł , Łata Monika ,   University of Silesia in Katowice
Published: February 2024

This paper is an attempt to answer a question concerning the existing legal framework and whether or not it is sufficient to ensure civil liability for damages caused by the consumption of a defective dietary supplement. The issue of proper regulation of liability for the defects of unsafe food products will become increasingly important in view of the rapid development of food production and consumption. It is assumed that normative sanctioning of that type of liability should primarily contribute to ensuring better protection of the consumer. However, the example of liability of damage caused by consuming dietary supplements illustrates that we are dealing with a multi-dimensional issue that may go beyond the applicable regime. The existing legal framework is insufficient to ensure civil liability for damages caused by the consumption of a defective dietary supplement. It is a direct consequence of the specific nature of dietary supplements and the lack of an adequate risk analysis when adding a definition of that product to EU law. De lege ferenda, it is imperative that the term of a product ‘defect’ be expanded and that additional disclosure duties are imposed on manufacturers, among others.
FORFEITURE OF AN ANIMAL THAT HAS BEEN THE VICTIM OF ABUSE WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE CASE OF DISCONTINUANCE AND CONDITIONAL DISCONTINUANCE OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
Authors:   University of Warsaw, Januszczyk Maria , Słomiński Kamil ,   University of Warsaw
Published: February 2024

The forfeiture of an animal is a specific measure regulated by the Act of 21 August 1997 on the Protection of Animals. The rules for imposing the forfeiture of an animal are not questionable in the case of convictions for the offence of animal abuse. The adjudication of forfeiture is obligatory in such a situation. However, the legitimacy and legal basis for imposing forfeiture of an animal in cases of conditional discontinuance or discontinuance of criminal proceedings requires consideration. The authors believe that under current legislation, the courts can make use of this legal instrument. The analysis conducted in this article reveals that the legal basis for adjudicating the forfeiture of an animal in cases of conditional discontinuance or discontinuance of criminal proceedings is Article 45a of the Act of 6 June 1997 – Penal Code.
HYDROGEOLOGICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF DROUGHT IN POLAND
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Krogulec Ewa , Niewiadomski Adam ,   University of Warsaw
Published: February 2024

The issue of drought is an interdisciplinary and multifaceted topic. Two disciplines, in particular, that have an interest in solving the problem of drought are hydrogeology and law. These two seemingly distant disciplines have to work closely together in order to find the right tools to solve the problem of drought. In order to possibly prevent its occurrence and, above all, to counteract its effects, interdisciplinary cooperation is needed not only between the world of science, but also between public authorities, entrepreneurs, and citizens. One important aspect is the preparation of a legal framework that can ensure maximum action related not only to eliminating the effects of drought, but also to its prevention and the role of public administration in this process.2 However, in terms of possible solutions, lawyers need the expertise that only hydrogeologists can provide.
SELECTED INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL ARRANGEMENTS REGARDING THE PROTECTION OF STATES AGAINST RADICALISM AND EXTREMISM. THE CASE OF FRANCE, GERMANY AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Marszałek-Kawa Joanna , Tomaszewska-Hołub Beata ,   University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Hołub Adam ,   Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
Published: February 2024

The countries that have experienced the phenomenon of terrorism have established appropriate institutional and legal systems to counteract this threat. France, Germany and the Russian Federation all have a history of terrorist attacks on their territory. Each of these countries has proper legal and institutional arrangements. Democratic states use these tools to protect democratic values, while the Russian Federation also uses them to suppress political opposition and as a part of a larger system of armed struggle against Ukraine. Regardless of the political regime, each country has a ‘self-defence’ structure which ensures the stability of the system.
SELECTED LEGAL CONCEPTS IN HISTORICAL-LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS JURISLINGUISTICS AND THE METHODOLOGY OF DIACHRONIC LINGUISTICS
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Pawelec Radosław
Published: February 2024

The legal lexicon covering the lexical field of words related to the financial collapse of a company in Polish has changed significantly over the years. The most important word today, upadłość (from the verb upadać, Eng. to fall/fail) used to have a general meaning, while 200 years ago, the two words used in this sense were bankructwo (from Italian) and konkurs (from Latin). This latter word is also mentioned in sources from 100 years ago, when it occurred alongside a new word plajta (from German), referring to a specific, premeditated type of bankruptcy. In the following decades of the 20th century, the word upadłość became a specialist term, in contrast to bankructwo, which took on a general meaning, while konkurs fell out of use and plajta began to refer to fields other than economics. The presented analysis, which uses the method of lexical paradigmatic fields, is one of the historical-linguistic tools that can be used in jurislinguistics. Also other methods and concepts, e.g. syntagmatic fields, grammatical analyses, the use of utterance frame or modal frame offer many possibilities to conduct cognitively valuable diachronic analyses of legal language.
DIGITALISED WORK OF WOMEN IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND POLISH REGULATION AND LEGISLATIVE PROPOSALS
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Dzienisiuk Dorota
Published: February 2024

The article aims to assess if women’s problems are specifically identified in labour legislation relating to digitalisation. Women appear in preparatory phases of legislative procedures (reports, motives), while usually they are not explicitly addressed in final drafts or acts. Digitalisation of work of women as such, referring to biological features of the gender itself is not perceived as a specific problem to be solved. Female workers are not treated as a vulnerable group which should benefit from additional guarantees in the process of digitalisation. It proves that in digitalised work, sex is not a distinctive feature: both sexes are able and skilled to work with digital devices. Criteria used to identify vulnerable groups refer to social situations rather than sex itself (e.g. education and training, caring responsibilities). However, women tend to constitute the majority of such groups. Therefore, respective ‘horizontal’ protective provisions and standards (e.g. working time, right to disconnect, work-life balance or non-discrimination) are particularly important for women.
THE ETHICS OF CARE AS A FEMINIST CRITIQUE OF KANTIANISM, UTILITARIANISM AND LIBERALISM
Authors:   Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Juruś Dariusz
Published: February 2024

In the paper, I discuss ethics of care as a feminist critique of Kantianism, utilitarianism and liberalism. The critique focuses on justice, rationality, individualism and the free market. The perspective taken by the proponents of the ethics of care is based on emotions, sensitivity and empathy. The ethics of care is based on the life experiences of women, while the ethics appealing to logic grows out of the experiences of men. The ethics of care focuses on relations, while traditional ethics refers to rules, norms and rights. It considers relations between family members or friends, based on care, as crucial for the whole society. From that point of view, the ethics of care criticizes liberalism which splits human life into two separate spheres – private and public.
МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ВПЛИВУ ВОДНЮ НА КОЕФІЦІЄНТ СТИСЛИВОСТІ ГАЗОВОДНЕВИХ СУМІШЕЙ
Authors: Середюк О. Є. , Малісевич В. В. , Середюк Д. О. , Шевчук В. Б. , Мануляк Р. Т.
Published: February 2024

Розглянуто актуальність визначення коефіцієнта стисливості газоводневих сумішей. Обгрунтовано доцільність розроблення практичного алгоритму розрахунку коефіцієнта стисливості природного газу з різним вмістом водню. Описано суть розроблених трьох методів визначення коефіцієнта стисливості газоводневих сумішей при конкретизації об'ємного вмісту водню і компонентного складу природного газу з вмістом вуглекислого газу і азоту. Перший метод базується на використанні методу композиції компонентів газоводневої суміші з використанням базового методу розрахунку коефіцієнта стисливості NX-19 мод. Другий метод передбачає використання методології на базі використання комплексних коефіцієнтів приведення параметрів робочого середовища, які застосовуються при проектуванні витратомірів змінного перепаду тиску. Третій метод передбачає використання концепції компонентного оцінювання складу газу. Кожен із методів передбачає враховування об'ємного вмісту водню як компонента газоводневої суміші. Наведені алгоритми розроблених трьох методів визначення коефіцієнта стисливості газоводневих сумішей і здійснене чисельне моделювання зміни коефіцієнта стисливості газоводневих сумішей з вмістом водню до 30 % при абсолютному тиску газу 0,3 МПа і температурі 15 °С. Здійснений порівняльний аналіз трьох алгоритмів розрахунку. Встановлені закономірності зміни коефіцієнта стисливості газоводневих сумішей, які стосуються зростання цього коефіцієнта близько 0,4- 0,5 % при зростанні вмісту водню до 30 % від його значення у безводневому природному газі. Показано, що розходження трьох запропонованих методів розрахунку коефіцієнта стисливості не перевищує 0,2 %, що можна вважати кожен із цих методів придатним для практичного застосування.
ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ІНФОРМАТИВНИХ ПАРАМЕТРІВ ТА ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ПРАВИЛА ПОРОГОВОЇ ІДЕНТИФІКАЦІЇ ДЕФЕКТІВ У ТЕПЛОВОМУ НЕРУЙНІВНОМУ КОНТРОЛІ
Authors: Бондаренко О. Г.
Published: February 2024

Виконано аналіз сучасних закордонних і вітчизняних досліджень та публікацій, що стосуються застосування правила порогової ідентифікації дефектів у методах неруйнівного контролю різноманітних виробів та промислових об‘єктів. Показано, що в основі правила для різних методів контролю може лежати своє порогове значення інформативного сигналу від несуцільностей, яка розділяє виміряні значення отриманих від них сигналів на відповідність бездефектним та дефектним зонам виробу чи об‘єкта контролю. Проаналізовано способи ідентифікації дефектів в активному та пасивному методах неруйнівного контролю виробів та об‘єктів контролю, зокрема з застосуванням правила порогової ідентифікації дефектів в активному тепловому контролі промислових об‘єктів.

Шляхом порівняння характеристик методів активної і пасивної тепловізійної термографії визначено основні інформативні параметри, що використовуються у названих методах неруйнівного теплового контролю при виявленні несуцільностей у виробах та об‘єктах контролю за гістограмами аномалій температурного поля на їх зовнішніх поверхнях тепловізійним методом. Показано, що визначення дефектів виробів при активній термографії потребує фіксації двох додаткових інформативних параметрів, пов‘язаних з часом оптимального спостереження за температурним перепадом при термографуванні поверхні виробу та вибору частоти запису гістограм для накопичення їх необхідної кількості перед досягненням оптимального часу.

Обґрунтовано правило порогової ідентифікації дефектів промислових димових труб, яке базується на визначеній множині отриманих амплітуд сигналів від гістограм аномалій температурного поля на вибраній ділянці димової труби та визначенні порогового значення сигналу шляхом поділу їх на два класи.
Religioznye prava cheloveka i demokraticheskoe gosudarstvo
Authors: Kugai Aleksandr Ivanovich
Published: February 2024

Historically, the metaphysical peculiarity of religion has not contributed to tolerance and recognition of religious human rights outside of one's own religious tradition. Each religion asserted its own uniqueness and superiority in understanding Salvation as a person overcoming the finiteness of being in time, and the ways to Salvation offered by it. Intolerance rather than tolerance, conformity rather than non-conformity, consent rather than dissent have been the dominant motives in the history of religions. The absolutization of each religious tradition served as a basis for intolerance towards other faiths. Therefore, it is natural that the recognition of religious freedom is stimulated not so much by the decisions of church councils, but rather by the activities of secular authorities who have formed a legislative framework guaranteeing its observance. At the same time, in today's debates about freedom of religion and conscience, one should not forget the fact that there are teachings on tolerance and condemnation of religious coercion and disrespect for religious views other than one 's own, which are found in the main world religions. This chapter demonstrates the positions of founders of the religious teachings of Ancient East, condemning the oppression of the religious rights of representatives of other faiths. It is important that the recognition of religious human rights be voiced not only by the instruments of national and international legislation, but also by the religions themselves.
Antioxidant Effects of Gude Bean (Cajanus cajan) to Homa-IR and IRS-1 of High Fat and High Fructose Diet Rats
Authors: Shinta Maharini Fransisca , Bin Sansuwito Tukimin , Sunarti
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to determine the effect of antioxidants in Gude bean (Cajanus cajan) treatment on HOMA-IR level and IRS-1 gene expression on the rats induced with high fat and high fructose diet. This study used 25 male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) in two control groups and three treatment groups. The measurement of HOMA-IR was done before and after treatment using the blood plasma while IRS-1 measurement was after treatment using the muscle tissue. The results showed that rat blood glucose level after being induced high fat and high fructose diet reached average value higher (p<0.05) compared to the Normal group. The Gude bean treatment resulted the decrease of HOMA-IR level (p<0.05) and the increase of IRS-1 (p<0.05). Gude bean treatment can inhibit insulin signal interference by ROS synthesis inhabitation by decreasing HOMA-IR level and increase IRS-1 gene expression in rats induced high fat and fructose diet.
An Investigation on Use of Traditional Medicine during COVID-19 and Post-COVID-19
Authors: Ebrahem Kamoka Hana Moftah , Elengoe Asita
Published: February 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as one of the most significant health challenges in the 21st century, affecting millions worldwide. It was caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This pandemic underscores the severe threats that infectious diseases can impose, regardless of a country's technological advancement. Objective: This research aims to understand the role and impact of traditional medicine in its treatment. Methods: The study employed a quantitative cross-sectional design and focused on a sample of 450 adults who had been diagnosed with COVID-19. Participants were chosen based on specific criteria through an online survey. The research spanned from July 5th to August 7th, 2021. Results: The findings revealed that in Libya, traditional remedies, particularly medicinal plants, were occasionally employed in treating COVID-19. Significantly, these natural remedies were found effective in managing respiratory symptoms associated with COVID-19. Notably, honey, Indian costus, ginger, turmeric, and moringa showed a positive correlation in treating respiratory complications. Conclusion: The research indicated a trend where younger respondents leaned more toward using a diverse range of plants for disease prevention. Additionally, it was observed that individuals with a lower income were more inclined to use various plants for treatment purposes. This study emphasizes the potential role of traditional remedies in managing and mitigating some of the symptoms of COVID-19.
Effect of Packaged Milk Advertisements on Consumer's Buying Behavior
Authors: Maryam Bushra , Madni Abdul Rehman , Nawaz Tariq
Published: February 2024

Advertising can influence consumer behaviour by providing information about a product, creating positive associations with the product, and increasing brand awareness. In the case of packaged milk, advertisements aimed at highlighting the health benefits of milk, the convenience of packaged milk, or the taste and quality of the product. These advertisements lead towards increasing demand for packaged milk and influence consumer purchasing behaviour. However, the relationship between advertisements and consumption behaviour can be complex and may depend on a variety of factors, such as the target audience, the content of the advertisement, and the overall marketing strategy. Milk has been a staple of man's diet since the dawn of time, from infancy to old age. This is due to significant regional differences in milk consumption, which are primarily due to insufficient information about milk’s superior nutritional benefits rather than differences in consumer behaviour or market structure.