bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing AQI before Covid '19
Authors: Rastogi Rohit , Sagar Sheelu , Tandon Neeti
Published: May 2024

In the populated and developing countries, governments consider the regulation and protection of environment as a major task and should take into consideration the concept of smart environment monitoring. The main motive of these systems is to enhance the environment with various technology including sensors, processors, data sets, and other devices connected across the globe through a network. This system can help in monitoring air quality. Also, these factors contribute a lot to air pollution. So, forecasting air quality index using an intelligent environment system includes a machine learning model to predict air quality index for NCR (National Capital Region). The values of major pollutants like SO2, PM2.5, CO, PM10, NO2, and O3. The authors have implemented different machine learning algorithms of classification and regression techniques. To make their prediction more accurate, mean square error, mean absolute error, and R square errors have been considered. The chapter helps to frame a structured view of air quality prediction methods in the reader's mind and also gives suggestions for other prediction methods as well. The real challenge is to decide which method will be applied in predicting air quality. Hence, it is important to test and use all these methods.
IoMT Future Trends and Challenges
Authors: Shafik Wasswa
Published: May 2024

The healthcare industry is transforming significantly due to the rapid emergence of the internet of medical things (IoMT). The integration of cutting-edge technologies facilitates this paradigm shift. A new age of healthcare system optimization and patient care is being ushered in. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the future trends and open issues in adopting the IoMTs. It explores the current status of IoMT and forecasts its evolution. The study examines the policy and regulatory ramifications and the essential ethical and data privacy aspects. More still elucidates the urgent security, interoperability, and scalability difficulties while underscoring the imperative for collaborative efforts and standards within the industry. This study affords insights for future research by presenting a set of unanswered inquiries and corresponding possible implications, accompanied by relevant cases. Finally, it emphasizes the significant impact the IoMT can have on the healthcare industry by availing lightweight medical digital trust architectures.
Capitalizing the Retail Industry by Automation and Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Authors: Mishra A. B. , Satarkar Mithila , Joshi Sanat
Published: May 2024

Automation significantly boosts the business performance of retail stores. The retail technology trade has been projected to grow at a CAGR of 9.3% from 2024 to 2030, with a market size estimated at USD 24.12 billion in 2023. The growth of the market is being driven by the need for improving retail operational procedures in order to enhance business processes, improve supply chain transparency and visibility, and enhance organizational efficiency over the long term. IKEA is a famous retail furniture company, with pleasing interior designs and an immersive shopping strategy. There are 462 IKEA stores open in 59 countries as of 2023. This case study examines how IKEA, a global leader in furniture retail, has strategically embraced technological advancements, including automation and artificial intelligence (AI), to enhance its physical retail experience and achieve market penetration. This study will delve into the theoretical frameworks, methodologies, findings, and recommendations derived from the analysis of IKEA's retail automation, AI, and Phygital transformation strategy.
From Consumer to Contributor
Authors: Dhote Tripti , Pillai Samaya , Pathak Pankaj
Published: May 2024

To grab audience attention in a fast-growing digital space amidst aggressive competition brands are always on the trail for innovative ways to reach out to their target consumers. With technology as an enabler, user generated content (UGC) is evolving as a compelling tool, transforming how consumers engage interact and consume information. It's emerging as a practicable, cost-effective option across a consumer's purchase journey to drive engagement footfalls and maximum conversions. It indicates original content generated by consumers of Products with a minimal contribution of the brand itself. For communicating the Brand message, UGC has brought about a change in the role of consumers. from being passive observers to empowering them and making them an integral part of the brand narrative. This chapter navigates through the role of UGC in transforming the consumer journey, focussing on how the untapped potential of authentic customer-centric content can be leveraged on social media to drive a strong consumer community, get insights in new-varied formats of new media, and perform data-analytics.
The Impact of Social Media Influencers on Women's Online Purchasing Decisions
Authors: Harison Elad , Lahav Yael
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores the relations between social media influencers, consumers, and brands within the realm of social networks. Based on a study including 120 female respondents, the research highlights the major role of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) in shaping brand loyalty and purchase intentions. The findings illuminate a robust positive correlation between eWOM engagement, brand loyalty, and the intention to purchase fashion goods. This study contributes significantly to understanding consumer behavior, particularly in the context of women's fashion purchasing decisions. Additionally, the chapter sheds light on the strategic implications for businesses, emphasizing the effectiveness of social media influencers as reliable advocates, building trust, and fostering long-term brand loyalty. The research emphasizes the impact of influencer marketing, offering empirical evidence and analysis on its long-term benefits for companies navigating the dynamic landscape of social media.
Unravelling AI Ethics
Authors: Subaveerapandiyan A. , Radhakrishnan S. , Kumari Madhuri , Chama Arnold
Published: May 2024

The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) has engendered significant societal and ethical concerns, necessitating a comprehensive examination of scholarly work in AI ethics. This study aims to present a bibliometric analysis delineating the growth trends, author collaborations, thematic evolution, and international contributions within the realm of AI ethics research from 2014 to 2023. Employing established bibliometric methodologies, this research utilizes data from the Scopus database, encompassing 1490 articles. The study investigates growth patterns, authorship trends, thematic, and global contributions in AI ethics scholarship. The result reveals an exponential surge in annual AI ethics publications, with critical thematic shifts and prolific author collaborations. Author productivity, citation metrics, institutional affiliations, and country-wise contributions elucidate the global landscape of AI ethics research.
Assessing Student Satisfaction With Artificial Intelligence in Education
Authors: Aravind S. , Kavitha R.
Published: May 2024

This study presents a comprehensive overview of the revolution brought about by artificial intelligence in the education sector. It delves into the current landscape of artificial intelligence in education. The term “artificial intelligence” encompasses the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into communication tools and systems, encompassing chatbots, virtual assistants, and other AI-driven platforms designed to enhance communication processes. The primary focus of this study is to investigate students' satisfaction with such AI communication technology within the educational context. Specifically, the study targets selected educational institutes in Coimbatore District, evaluating the effectiveness and reception of e-apps (electronic applications) that integrate AI into the educational communication process. Through this exploration, the researcher aims to provide valuable insights into the impact and viability of AI-driven communication technology in enhancing the educational experience.
Exploring the Intersection of AI and Financial Literacy
Authors: Dheepiga S. , Sivakumar N.
Published: May 2024

Within the evolving landscape of artificial intelligence (AI), the significance of financial literacy remains paramount for individual and societal prosperity, impacting not only financial decision-making but also economic resilience and equitable access to opportunities. This chapter conducts a thorough examination of the intersection between AI and financial literacy, amalgamating insights from scholarly works, empirical investigations, and applied endeavors. It delves into fundamental concepts, evaluative frameworks, influential factors, and resultant ramifications of AI-driven financial literacy. Furthermore, it scrutinizes AI-enabled interventions, hurdles encountered, and prospects on the horizon within this domain. By consolidating existing insights and pinpointing areas necessitating further exploration, this review aspires to furnish policymakers, educators, and practitioners with actionable insights to propel financial literacy initiatives imbued with AI advancements, fostering inclusive financial well-being.
AI-Driven Language Enhancement Strategies for Libraries
Authors: Visnudharshana R. , Kishore Henry S.
Published: May 2024

In the rapidly evolving landscape of artificial intelligence (AI), the integration of advanced technologies becomes imperative for the enhancement of libraries, especially in the context of the English language. This research explores innovative AI-driven language enhancement strategies designed to optimize information access and elevate user experience within library settings. The study focuses on leveraging AI tools and techniques to enhance various facets of the library environment. This includes the development of intelligent language processing systems that facilitate efficient cataloging, indexing, and retrieval of diverse materials. Moreover, the research investigates natural language processing (NLP) applications tailored to English language nuances, aiming to improve the precision and relevance of search results. The user-centric approach emphasizes the implementation of AI-powered recommendation systems, personalized content suggestions, and adaptive interfaces, creating a tailored experience for English-speaking library patrons.
AI-Driven Libraries
Authors: Anandraj K. C. , Aravind S.
Published: May 2024

In today's digital age, libraries are undergoing a profound transformation fueled by advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technology. AI-driven libraries are pioneering innovative solutions to address the evolving needs of users, revolutionizing the way digital knowledge is accessed and utilized. This chapter explores the transformative potential of AI-driven libraries and their role in pioneering innovation in digital knowledge access. Through a comprehensive review of literature, case studies, and real-world implementations, this chapter examines various AI applications in libraries, including advanced search and discovery tools, virtual assistants, content recommendation systems, data analytics, and digital preservation. By highlighting best practices, challenges, and emerging trends, this chapter aims to provide insights into the transformative impact of AI-driven libraries on information management and access.
Construction and Implementation of Content-Based National Music Retrieval Model Under Deep Learning
Authors: Shi Jing , Liu Lei
Published: May 2024

This research mainly studies the construction and implementation of the content-based folk music retrieval model. Firstly, it studies the music automatic annotation method based on deep learning, and then proposes the tag conditional random field music automatic annotation method, and then constructs the music annotation depth neural network model combining a variety of music representation and attention mechanism. Finally, it analyzes the proposed folk music retrieval model the effectiveness of the cable model is verified and its performance is evaluated. The results show that in Glu module, Glu blocks had better performance in music annotation, and the music annotation results of each index in music hierarchical sequence modeling are better, which ensures the effectiveness of music annotation. Compared with other algorithms, the AUC tag score of the proposed method is the highest, which is 0.913; it can better model the mapping relationship between the audio features of music input to the text tag and has higher scores on all evaluation indicators.
Beyond the Surface
Authors: Kahlow Jessica A.
Published: May 2024

This study uses the online disinhibition effect as a theoretical framework for understanding disclosures of ADHD on non-anonymous (Facebook) and anonymous (Reddit) channels. Specifically, a quantitative content analysis compared public Facebook and Reddit posts in terms of disclosure depth. Posts were coded as either peripheral, intermediate, or core disclosures. In this context, the results aligned with the online disinhibition effect; Reddit had greater disclosure and depth of disclosure compared to those on Facebook. The implications of this study demonstrate how self-disclosure depth varies within understudied groups (i.e., individuals posting on ADHD threads) in online contexts. This study also adds to prior research by examining anonymity on multiple channels.
Technical challenges for standardization of molecular monitoring in chronic myeloid leukaemia in developing countries
Authors: Ouahchi Ines
Published: May 2024

Quantification of BCR-ABL after treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors is an important therapeutic indicator for patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). An international scale (IS) for BCR-ABL was established in 2012 to improve the comparability of results between different laboratories. BCR-ABL measurement is technically challenging, especially in developing countries where the process of standardization isn’t easily available. The aim of this study was to assess the technical advantages of reporting results on the IS using the GeneXpert BCR-ABL assay, compared to the RQ-PCR standard method currently recommended by the European Leukaemia Network but not standardised in our laboratory and to compare the results obtained by both methods. BCR-ABL transcript quantification was performed in 51 samples from CML patients by both methods. The operator hands-on time was reduced using the automated method. A good linear correlation was observed in the results between the two methods. The concordance at logarithmic intervals reached 64%. When the major molecular response (MMR) and the early molecular response (EMR) were analysed, 90% and 80% agreement, respectively, were achieved. However, the discordances in the remaining cases could have misled the therapeutic approach if only a standard method was used. The complexity of the process to establish a laboratory-specific conversion factor in developing countries can be overcome by the use of the GeneXpert automated system, which represents a rapid, accurate and reliable clinical tool to correctly define molecular responses on the IS and to allow clinicians to achieve better patient management.
Effect of HLA Genotype on Anti-PD-1 Antibody Treatment for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma in the SNiP-RCC Study
Authors: Tanegashima Tokiyoshi , Shiota Masaki , Fujiyama Nobuhiro , Narita Shintaro , Habuchi Tomonori , Fukuchi Genshiro , Takamatsu Dai , Oda Yoshinao , Miyake Hideaki , Takahashi Masayuki , Oya Mototsugu , Tsuchiya Norihiko , Masumori Naoya , Matsuyama Hideyasu , Obara Wataru , Shinohara Nobuo , Fujimoto Kiyohide , Nozawa Masahiro , Ohba Kojiro , Ohyama Chikara , Hashine Katsuyoshi , Akamatsu Shusuke , Kamba Tomomi , Mita Koji , Gotoh Momokazu , Tatarano Shuichi , Fujisawa Masato , Tomita Yoshihiko , Mukai Shoichiro , Ito Keiichi , Tokunaga Shoji , Eto Masatoshi
Published: May 2024

Immune checkpoint blockade therapies are widely used for cancer treatment, including advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This study aimed to investigate the impact of zygosity in HLA genes and individual HLA genotypes on the efficacy of an anti-PD-1 Ab, nivolumab, in treating advanced RCC. Patient enrollment was conducted across 23 institutions in Japan from August 19, 2019, to September 30, 2020, with follow-up concluding on March 31, 2021. HLA genotype imputation of HLA-A, B, and C, DQB1, and DRB1 loci was performed. Among 222 patients, the presence of at least one homozygosity of the HLA-II allele significantly improved the best objective response (hazard ratio, 0.34; 95% confidence interval, 0.21–0.96; p = 0.042). The HLA evolutionary divergence (HED) of the HLA-A and HLA-B loci was higher than the HLA-C (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively), with high HED of the HLA-B locus correlating to clinical benefits in nivolumab treatment (hazard ratio, 0.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.21–0.90; p = 0.024) and improving cancer-specific survival compared with the low group (p = 0.0202). Additionally, high HED of the HLA-B locus was correlated with the number of infiltrated CD8+ cells in the tumor microenvironment (correlation coefficient, 0.4042). These findings indicate that the diversity of the HLA-B locus plays a significant role in the anti-tumor effect of nivolumab treatment in advanced RCC, potentially offering insights for improved risk stratification in nivolumab treatment and leading to better medical management of advanced RCC.
A 20-year Study of Fatal Pressure on the Neck in Autopsied Cases at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center
Authors: Razak Nadiawati Abdul , Nor Faridah Mohd , Shafie Mohamed Swarhib , Haque Mainul
Published: May 2024

Background:

Fatal neck pressure may arise from hanging, ligature strangulation and manual strangulation. The analysis aimed to evaluate the demographic profiles of deadly neck pressure concerning ligature material, its position on the neck and the pattern of neck injuries with the manner of death in autopsied cases at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (UKMMC).

Materials and Methods:

A 20-year retrospective analysis was conducted at UKMMC, where 287 cases were sampled; out of which 267 cases were suicidal hanging, and four were accidental hanging. Only 11 cases of ligature strangulation and five cases were due to manual strangulation. The details were obtained from the autopsy report and IBM SPSS Statistics 28 analysis.

Results:

This study showed that 210 (73.2%) males and 77 (26. 8%) females with a ratio of 2.7:1 had died of fatal neck pressure. Male dominance (74.5%) was displayed in suicidal hanging, and there was no sex difference in ligature and/or manual strangulation. Ligature and manual strangulation were common in the younger age group. Accidental strangulation in young adults was most probably due to auto-erotic asphyxia. In this study, the youngest was 1 year, while the oldest was 85 years. The most common ligature used in suicidal hanging and homicidal ligature strangulation was hard material. The most typical pattern of the neck finding was facial congestion (71.1%), followed by petechial haemorrhages, neck muscle contusion, hyoid bone fracture, thyroid cartilage fracture and carotid injury (1.7%).

Conclusion:

Forensic pathologists’ experience and autopsy techniques are fundamental in explaining the injury pattern and its correlation with fatality.
The association of serum uric acid and 1-year major adverse cardiovascular events in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Naim Anjum , Jha Ashish , Singh Amresh Kumar , Tiwari Bhuwan Chandra , Vijay Sudarshan K. , Jamwal Naveen
Published: May 2024

Context:

Elevated uric acid (UA) is seen in several vascular diseases. Its significance as a prognostic marker in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is unknown.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between elevated UA and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at 1 year in patients undergoing PCI.

Settings and Design:

This was a prospective, observational, single-center study.

Subjects and Methods:

Patients undergoing PCI were categorized into hyperuricemic (HU, UA >6.0 mg/dl in women and >7.0 mg/dl in men) and normouricemic (NU) groups and were observed for 1 year. The endpoint was difference in MACE (composite of deaths, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and target vessel revascularization) at 1 year between the two groups. The secondary endpoints were the difference in Killip class at presentation, angiographic severity of coronary artery disease (CAD), cardiac arrhythmias, and congestive heart failure (CHF) between the two groups.

Results:

A total of 215 patients (107 in HU arm and 108 in NU arm) were recruited. Patients in the HU arm were older, had higher frequency of multivessel CAD (93.5% vs. 79.6%, P < 0.05) and complex coronary lesions (98.1% vs. 91.7%, P < 0.05). MACE at 1 year were more frequent in the HU arm compared to the NU arm (21.5% vs. 6.5%, P < 0.05). New-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) (11.2% vs. 3.7%, P < 0.05) and CHF (13.1% vs. 4.6%, P < 0.05) were also more frequent in the HU arm versus the NU arm.

Conclusions:

Elevated serum UA level in patients undergoing PCI was associated with angiographically more severe and multivessel CAD, a higher frequency of MACE, CHF, new-onset AF, and a higher mortality than those having normal UA levels.
Reversible hypertension and infective arteritis
Authors: Diwaker Amita , Kishore Dhiraj , Singh Santosh Kumar , Singh Samer
Published: May 2024

Background:

Idiopathic vasculitides or arteritis have very few or none treatment options. Identification of infective arteritis based on high clinical suspicion opens a window for treatment of such cases . Although these are occasional clinical scenario.

Aims and Objectives:

To identify the treatable cause of arteritis and starting initial treatment based on clinical suspicion.

Material and Methods: Based on high clinical suspicion we aim to identify chronic infective cause of arteritis among patients of SS Hospital from 2019 to 2020 coming in EOPD.

Results and Discussion: Three cases of reversible hypertension from different clinical setup relating to a common infective etiology, i.e., tuberculosis identified during the said duration, all cases presented with constitutional symptoms for 2–6 months with headache, loss of appetite, fever, and malaise. The first case presented as acute abdomen in EOPD having mesenteric ischemia and hypertension. The second case presented in antenatal care OPD with hypertension which was nonrelated to pregnancy. The third case presented in medicine OPD as a case of young hypertensive without mood changes. Partial renal artery stenosis relating to infective arteritis was a common finding in all cases. All cases responded well with the firstline antitubercular medication and became normotensive (without medication) in the follow up.

Conclusion: The cause of renal artery stenosis appeared to be related to tubercular arteritis of vessel with either a past history of pulmonary TB or TB contact. Renovascular tubercular arteritis has been defined in only a few literatures and only handful of cases being reported making worth presentation.
Analytical study of angiographic profile of acute coronary syndrome and its risk factors among young individuals (≤45 years)
Authors: Ashida Thulaseedharan Sarojadevi , Thenmozhi Senthilvelan , Girija Subramanian , Balachander Jayaraman
Published: May 2024

Background:

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in young (≤45 years) patients has devastating social and economic consequences. We present the clinical presentation, coronary angiogram (CAG) findings with particular reference to angiographic severity, treatment, and short-term follow-up.

Methods:

This was an ambidirectional cohort study (n = 224) conducted in the department of cardiology of a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India, catering mainly to a predominantly rural population. Patients were identified from “The CATH-lab Registry” and the data were analyzed.

Results:

The mean (±standard deviation) age was 39.02 ± 5.6 years, with a male predominance (79.9%). Dyslipidemia (57.6%), smoking (25.9%), and diabetes mellitus (29.9%) emerged as major risk factors. Almost equal proportion of patients presented with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI; 53.12%) and non-ST elevation ACS (46.88%); 30.8% of patients had left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. CAG showed involvement of left anterior descending artery in the majority (66.38%) of patients with single-vessel disease in the STEMI group. Left main coronary artery involvement was seen in 8.9% of patients. Majority (89.7%) of young ACS patients had low syntax score. Risk factors were similar among patients with obstructive and nonobstructive CAD. Almost half (47.7%) of the patients needed revascularization, with 16.9% undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Only two patients had recurrent ACS, at a mean follow-up of 12 months.

Conclusions:

The most important risk factors for young ACS were dyslipidemia, smoking, and diabetes mellitus. LV function was preserved in majority of young ACS patients and short-term prognosis (1 year) was favorable.
Giant biatrial myxomas
Authors: Asotra Sanjeev , Asotra Sarita , Rao Shivani , Rana Meena
Published: May 2024

Primary cardiac tumors constitute around 10% of all tumors of the heart. Atrial myxomas are the most common tumors of the heart, constituting around 50%–70% of all tumors. Most of them arise from the left atrium but multiple-site involvement is seen in 5%. Biatrial myxomas are rare and present in around 2.5% of patients. Myxomas can have varied symptoms. We present a case of biatrial myxoma that underwent successful surgical resection.
Role of palliative percutaneous coronary intervention in severely symptomatic complex coronary artery disease patients who could not undergo coronary artery bypass surgery
Authors: TIWARI MUKESH , JHA ASHISH , TIWARI BHUWAN CHANDRA , VIJAY SUDARSHAN K , JAMWAL NAVEEN , SINGH AMRESH KUMAR
Published: May 2024

Context:

Patients with symptomatic complex coronary artery disease (CAD) who could not undergo bypass surgery for any reason often continue to have symptoms and impaired quality of life (QoL) on optimal medical therapy (OMT)

Aims:

This study aimed to evaluate the role of palliative percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in these patients as compared to OMT alone.

Settings and Design:

This was a prospective, questionnaire-based, case–control, single-center study.

Subjects and Methods:

Patients in the case arm underwent palliative PCI of at least 1 target vessel and the control arm remained on OMT. The primary endpoint was a comparison of Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ)-angina frequency (AF) and QoL scores at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Secondary outcomes were the difference in frequency of cardiovascular death, stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and major bleeding episodes between 2 arms during the same period.

Results:

The study recruited 200 patients (100 in each arm). Baseline characteristics were well matched. Presenting diagnosis was stable CAD in 11% and ACS in 89%. SAQ AF and QoL scores were similar in both arms at baseline, but a significant improvement in both parameters was seen at 3 and 6 months in palliative PCI arm. Predecided cutoffs for significant improvement in SAQ-AF and SAQ-QoL were achieved in palliative PCI arm. No significant difference was seen for secondary outcome measures between the two groups.

Conclusions:

Palliative PCI provided a significant benefit in terms of improvement in SAQ-AF and SAQ-QoL scores, over short term (6 months), as compared to OMT alone in patients with severely symptomatic complex CAD, who could not undergo CABG.
Left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy with apical septal ventricular tachycardia
Authors: DAS DEBASISH , ACHARYA DEBASIS , DAS TUTAN , SINGH JOGENDRA , SINGH SASHIKANT , PRAMANIK SUBHAS
Published: May 2024

We present a rare case of left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) in a 23-year-old female with recurrent syncope with electrocardiography documentation of apical septal ventricular tachycardia (VT). Abnormal embryological myocardial maturation presenting as LVNC with electrogenic heterogenity across the noncompacted spongiform segments result in recurrent VT and mandates automated intracardiac defibrillator implantation (AICD). These subsets of patients in spite of AICD implantation require life-long broad-spectrum antiarrythmic in the form of amiodarone and beta-blocker to prevent a crisis of VT storm or sudden cardiac death.
Shepherd' Crook right coronary artery in an octagenerian
Authors: DAS DEBASISH , ACHARYA DEBASISH , BANERJEE ANINDYA , DAS TUTAN , PRAMANIK SUBHAS
Published: May 2024

Right coronary artery after origin from right coronary sinus traverses horizontally to run in right atrioventricular groove till the crux of the heart where it divides into posterior descending artery and posterior left ventricular branch. When the right coronary artery after its origin takes an acute high take off from the ostium and then abruptly descends down making a hairpin loop to run in the right atrioventricular groove, it is known as Shepherd's crook right coronary artery which is extremely rare to encounter in routine clinical practice. This interesting coronary artery deformity has great significance per se so far as the coronary physiology and intervention is concerned. We present a case of Shepherd's crook right coronary artery in the most elderly patient of 84 years of age in world literature and detailed review of this peculiar anatomy. Review literature about Shepherds Crook deformity is yet not there in the literature except some case reports and this review article will be providing the interventional cardiologists a detailed insight into the right coronary ischemia secondary to this interesting anomaly.
Leads towards non-invasive Ayurveda interventions in Stana vidradhi (~lactational breast abscess) management – An experience
Authors: Patil Divya Deepak , Sawant Dinar , Raut Disha
Published: May 2024

A lactational breast abscess is the most common complication met in breastfeeding women, which serves as the common cause of discontinuation of breastfeeding. The conventional treatment choice for breast abscess is incisive drainage that is reportedly associated with few limitations. Ayurveda offers a multidimensional approach in the treatment of Vidradhi, which resembles abscess on clinical correlation. A case of a 25 year old multiparous woman, eight months postpartum with Stana vidradhi (~lactational breast abscess) in Pachyamanavastha (~transforming stage of disease) presented to the outpatient department. She was treated with Apatarpana (~depleting therapy), internal Ayurveda medicines, and in-situ non-invasive procedures for seven days. This intervention protocol resulted in a marked resolution of complaints along with a completely healed wound without a scar on the follow-up visit after one week. The present case offers a promising alternative for lactational breast abscess with the use of multidimensional noninvasive therapy resulting in shorter healing time and satisfactory cosmetic outcome.
Association between Drug Therapy and Risk of Incident Frailty: A Systematic Review
Authors: Thanapluetiwong Saran , Chattaris Tanchanok , Shi Sandra Miao , Park Chan Mi , Sison Stephanie Denise M. , Kim Dae Hyun
Published: May 2024

Medication is a potential factor influencing frailty. However, the relationship between pharmaceutical treatments and frailty remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted the present systematic review to summarize the association between drug therapy and the risk of incident frailty in older adults. We systematically searched the MEDLINE electronic database for articles indexed between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2021, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies reporting frailty changes associated with drug therapy. A total of six RCTs and 13 cohort studies involving 211,948 participants were identified, and their treatments were categorized into six medication classes: analgesics, cardiometabolic medication, chemotherapy, central nervous system (CNS)-active medication, hormonal therapy, and nutritional supplements. While the analysis revealed that only CNS-active medications were associated with an elevated risk of frailty, other medication classes also affected frailty; however, this is not conclusively attributable to a class-wide effect.
Psychomotor Symptoms, Cognitive Impairments, and Suicidal Thoughts after COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report and Possible Allostatic Mechanism
Authors: Lin Ying , Lin Chen , Chang Jason Hong-Yi , Chiang Dai-Lun , Lai Feipei , Lin Chen-Ju
Published: May 2024

Although neuropsychiatric manifestations are common in survivors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the pathophysiology is not yet elucidated. Here we describe the case of a geriatric inpatient who developed post-COVID depression with psychomotor retardation, anxiety, hopelessness, executive function problems, and suicidal ideations. The language problems and cognitive impairments coemerged with the motor problems. We propose a mechanism associated with problems in energy prediction and regulation in which the coronavirus infection, which causes neuroinflammation and viral activity in the nervous system, interferes with the reward pathway and sensory prediction process. Sigma-1 receptor agonists such as sertraline may regulate energy expenditure and, thus, be beneficial to the process. The treatment improvements in our patient included those in the autonomic nervous system, activity, and circadian rhythm.
Factors influencing use of contraceptives among literate married women in Ogbomoso South Local Government Area, Oyo State
Authors: Omotosho Adegboyega Lateef , Abideen Adewusi Adeola
Published: May 2024

Background: Contraceptives uses are issues of concern around the world due to the adverse effects of unsafe sexual behaviours, such as unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases among women.Objective: To investigate the factors influencing use of contraceptives among literate married women in Ogbomoso South Local Government Area, Oyo State. The study also examined whether the variables of age, religion and educational qualification would influence the respondent’s view.Methods: Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. Purposive sampling technique was adopted to draw a total of 210 respondents. A questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. Mean and rank order was used to answer the research question while Analysis of Variance was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance.Results: Findings revealed that factors influencing contraceptive use among literate married women are educational qualification, health condition and number of children among others. Findings also revealed that there were no significant differences in the factors influencing use of contraceptives among literate married women based on age and religious affiliation while significant difference was found in educational qualification.Conclusion: Majority of the respondents attested to the factors influencing contraceptive use among literate married women. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that contextual and cultural considerations are recommended for comprehensive understanding of factors influencing contraceptive use among Nigerian women, educative interventions by service providers on the necessity of continuous contraception even at older age before menopause should be recommended.
Keywords: Factors; use of contraceptives; literate married women.
The use of antenatal corticosteroids in preterm labour for the prevention of perinatal mortality in hospitals in Tanzania
Authors: Mwita Stanley
Published: May 2024

Background: Antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) are given to pregnant women at risk of preterm delivery to hasten the maturation of the lungs, lowering the risk of newborn respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and perinatal mortality.
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether exposure to ACS was associated with lower rates of perinatal mortality and RDS in preterm infants delivered by women with preterm labour.
Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data from four hospitals in Mwanza, Tanzania. All singletons and twins born to women who were in preterm labour between July 2019 and February 2020 and delivered in-hospital between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation were included. Data were recorded from participants’ medical records and analysed using STATA Version 14.
Results: Over an eight-month period, 588 preterm infants were delivered to 527 women. One hundred and ninety (36.1%) women were given ACS. Infants who were exposed to ACS in utero had a lower rate of perinatal mortality (6.8% vs 19.1%) and RDS (12.3% vs 25.9%) compared to those not exposed to ACS. In adjusted multivariable models, ACS exposure was related to a lower risk of perinatal mortality, aRR 0.23 (95% CI 0.13 - 0.39), and RDS, aRR 0.45 (95% CI 0.30 - 0.68).
Conclusion: ACS significantly reduced the risk of perinatal mortality and RDS among preterm infants exposed to ACS in utero and delivered by women in preterm labour. The use of ACS should be encouraged in low-resource settings where preterm birth is prevalent to improve perinatal outcomes.
Keywords: Antenatal corticosteroids; preterm labour; perinatal mortality.
Women’s experience of preterm birth in an East African context: A qualitative study
Authors: Asmelash Habtu Thomas , Barnabas Pembe Andrea , Chiwanga Faraja , Øyvind Odland Jon , Darj Elisabeth
Published: May 2024

Background: Approximately 15 million children are born each year prematurely, representing more than 10 percent of all childbirths worldwide. Prematurity is an acute event and the leading cause of death among newborns and children under five. Sixty percent of these premature deaths occur in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia.
Objective: The current study aimed to explore and understand women’s experiences and perceptions regarding giving birth prematurely at the National Hospital of Muhimbili in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Method: A qualitative method, using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis approach was chosen to understand and describe the women’s experiences. A semi-structured guide was used during the interviews. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim.
Findings: Eight in-depth interviews were conducted. The analysis revealed three superordinate themes: (a) Emotional turmoil: unmet expectations shattering maternal identity, emotional distress, and loss of hope; (b) Adapting to preterm birth and challenges: the unexpected situation, lack of proper care, strenuous breastfeeding routines, and socioeconomic challenges; (c) Significance of proper care and emotional support: good maternal care, mother-to-mother and family support.
Conclusion: This study provided a deeper understanding of women’s experiences and perceptions of premature childbirth. The current study indicated the importance of caregivers’ awareness of the women’s emotional distress, their need to adapt to a sudden unexpected situation, and the necessity of emotional support.
Keywords: Preterm birth; maternal experiences; Tanzania; Global health.
The cytotoxic, genotoxic and mitotoxic effects of Atractylis gummifera extract in vitro
Authors: Boumaza Awatif , Ergüç Ali , Orhan Hilmi
Published: May 2024

Background: The Mediterranean thistle Atractylis gummifera L. (Asteraceae; AG) has diterpenoid glucosides; atractyloside andcarboxyatractyloside that interact with mitochondrial protein adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) and resulted in ATP inhibition.Despite its well-known toxicity, acute poisonings still occur with this plant. Although most symptoms are attributed toANT and diterpenoids interaction, in-depth investigation of the effects of AG extract on various cellular processes has not beenperformed.
Objective/method: We tested in vitro induction of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening in bovine livermitochondria and evaluated its cytotoxicity and genotoxicity using Allium cepa test. Cell division, mitotic index (MI) and totalchromosomal and mitotic aberrations (TAs), that all seem potentially affected by ATP shortage, were studied in root cells ofAllium cepa exposed to Atractylis gummifera extract.
Results: With the two different doses of two purified AG fractions, stronger induction of MPTP was observed compared tothe induction with the standard pure atracyloside. Aqueous AG extract exerted inhibition root growth in A. cepa at 6 differentdoses. The TAs was increased in a dose-dependent manner too, while mitotic index was decreased at the same doses. Evaluationof mitotic phases revealed mitodepressive effect of AG on A. cepa roots.
Conclusion: This work highlights cellular and mitochondrial adverse effects of Atractylis gummifera extracts. A purified fractionthat likely corresponds to ATR derivatives induces MPTP opening leading to swelling of mitochondria and its dysfunction. Alliumcepa test provides the evidence for A. gummifera genotoxicity and cytotoxicity.
Keywords: Atractylis gummifera; Allium cepa test; mitochondrial permeability transition pore; genotoxicity; cytotoxicity; chromosomalaberration; mitotic index.
Addressing Heavy Metal Pollution in Nigeria: Evaluating Policies, Assessing Impacts, and Enhancing Remediation Strategies
Authors: Ogbeide O. , Henry B.
Published: May 2024

Heavy metal pollution is a significant environmental concern in Nigeria, posing risks to ecological integrity and public health. This study aims to evaluate the existing policies and regulations addressing heavy metal pollution, assess their effectiveness, and propose recommendations for improvement. The analysis reveals that while Nigeria has established a robust legislative framework, challenges in implementation, enforcement, and funding persist. The impact of reducing heavy metal pollution is influenced by resource constraints, limited capacity, and the need for stronger collaboration between regulatory bodies and industries. Community involvement and education play a crucial role in managing heavy metal pollution, emphasizing the importance of awareness, sustainable practices, and local engagement. Remediation strategies, such as bioremediation and phytoremediation, offer potential solutions. However, gaps in knowledge and research exist, calling for long-term monitoring, ecological impact assessments, and comprehensive health risk assessments. To enhance the effectiveness of current policies, periodic reviews, increased funding, and community-based monitoring programs are recommended. By addressing these gaps and implementing the proposed recommendations, Nigeria can make significant strides towards mitigating heavy metal pollution and achieving environmental sustainability.
Comparative morpho-anatomy of two sedges (Cyperus cyperoides(L.) Kuntze and Cyperus rotundus</i. L.)
Authors: Wahua C. , Abass M.
Published: May 2024

The research investigated the comparative morpho-anatomy of two sedges (Cyperus cyperoides (L.) Kuntze and Cyperus rotundus L.), members of the family Cyperaceae. They are perennial herbs and the former commonly known as commonflat sedge and the latter nut sedge or purple nutsedge. The epidermal peels were obtained by standard methods. The samples were fixed in formaldehyde, glacial acetic acid, 70% alcohol in the ratio of 1:1:18, dehydrated in alcohol solutions of 50%, 70%, 90%, absolute and sectioned, stained in 2% aqueous solution of Safranin O, counter stained in Alcian blue, mounted in glycerine.The result on epidermal studies showcased both kidney and dumbbell-shaped guard cells, graminaceous stomata which is amphistomatic for both species. The anatomical studies revealed scattered vascular bundies in ground tissues of stems, bulliform cells at adaxial foliar organs. The pith sections have large pith and a single row of barrel shaped endodermis prominently pronounced. The research findings here would assist in improving upon already existing knowledge about C. cyperoides and C rotundus.
Detection of syphilis among patients attending a General Hospital in Ogbakiri, River State, Nigeria
Authors: Cookey T.I. , Isheke D.S. , Elenwo M. , Enemchukwu C.M. , Innocent-Adiele H.C. , Adim C.C. , Onu E.N. , Awanye A.M. , Nwankwo G. A. , Igwe M.U. , Okonko I.O.
Published: May 2024

The syphilis-causing agent, Treponema pallidum, has long posed a threat to public health. In sub- Saharan Africa, it is a significant public health issue and is common in developing nations. This study looked into the syphilis prevalence among patients at Rivers State's Ogbakiri General Hospital. Eighty-nine samples were used in total for this investigation after haemolysing; those with fibrin and heavy particles were discarded. For these samples, stratified socio-demographic data were used. In the population, 31 (34.8%) patients were males and 58 (65.2%) were females. Ages ranged from 18 to 75, individuals between the ages of 18 and 30 made up 56.2% of the population; patients between the ages of 31 and 40 made up 10.1% patients between the ages of 41 and 60 made up 21.4% and patients aged 61 and beyond made up 12.4%. Also, 38 (42.7%) and 51 (57.3%) of the population, respectively, were singles and married, 13 (14.6%) of the study population had primary education, 45 (50.6%) had secondary education, and 23 (25.8%) had postsecondary education, according to the results of the educational status analysis. Based on occupational status, there were 8 (8.9%) nurses. According to the study, 2.2% of those who tested were positive for syphilis. Syphilis was found to be more common in people aged 61 to 75 (9.1%), males (3.2%), singles (5.3%) and higher educational status (4.3%). According to this report, Ogbakiri, Nigeria's Rivers State has a relatively low syphilis prevalence compared to other areas in the country.
Impact of co-application of biochar and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on microbial parameters in heavy metal contaminated soil
Authors: Olajumoke O.I. , Ilusanya O.A.F. , Adesetan T.O. , Osobamiro T.M. , Agbarakwe S.P. , Nurudeen W. , Senjobi C.T.
Published: May 2024

The use of biochar in remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil has gained global attention in the last decade. However, there is a need for more studies on the effects and interaction of biochar and functional microbes on the resident soil microorganisms and enzyme activities in the soil. This study, therefore investigated the effects of co-application of Adenopus breviflorus (Christmas melon) derived biochar and a heavy metal tolerant Pseudomonas aeruginosa on microbial population, bacterial diversity and enzyme activities in soil artificially spiked with cadmium, copper and lead in a pot experiment. Christmas melon seeds were collected from farms in Ago-Iwoye and subjected to pyrolysis to produce biochar which were modified with acid and base. Treatments included control, acidic biochar (BA), co-application of acidic biochar and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (BAPS), basic biochar (BB), co-application of basic biochar and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (BBPS), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P) alone. Microbial parameters were analyzed before and after treatments. The results obtained showed that treatments, particularly BBPS and BAPs, showed significant increases in microbial populations compared to the control. The predominant bacteria isolated were Pseudomonas spp.and Bacillus spp. Catalase and urease activities varied across treatments, with BB treatment demonstrating the highest catalase activity (94.80 ± 4.90 mgKMnO4 kg-1). Urease activity was highest in the BAPs treatment (0.410 ± 0.091 mgNH4 + kg-1 h-1).In conclusion, the co-application of biochar and Pseudomonas aeruginosa reduced heavy metals, boosted microbial populations, and increased enzyme activities in the soil. This strategy holds promise for mitigating soil contamination and promoting sustainable agriculture.