bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Doses of Quercetin in the Range of Serum Concentrations Exert Delipidating Effects in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes by Acting on Different Stages of Adipogenesis, but Not in Mature Adipocytes
Authors: Eseberri Itziar , Miranda Jonatan , Lasa Arrate , Churruca Itziar , Portillo María P.
Published: June 2015

Scope. To determine whether doses of quercetin in the range of serum concentrations exert any effect on triacylglycerol accumulation in maturing preadipocytes and mature adipocytes. The influence on the expression of adipogenic markers as well as on gene expression and activity of enzymes involved in triacylglycerol metabolism were assessed.Methods and Results. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated during differentiation and mature adipocytes for 24 hours with low doses (0.1–10 µM) of quercetin. Triacylglycerol content in both cell types and free fatty acid and glycerol in the incubation medium of mature adipocytes were measured spectrophotometrically. Gene and protein expression were assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot. LPL and FAS activities were quantified. During differentiation quercetin reduced triacylglycerol content at doses from 0.5 to 10 µM. 1 µM of quercetin reduced C/EBPβgene expression, SREBP1 mature protein levels, and PPARγgene expression. 10 µM of quercetin reduced LPL gene expression and PPARγand SREBP1c expression. In mature adipocytes, only 10 µM of quercetin reduced triacylglycerol content. Lipogenic FAS expression and activity were reduced at this dose.Conclusion. Quercetin, in the range of serum concentrations, is able to inhibit adipogenesis, but higher doses, at least 10 µM, are needed to reduce fat accumulation in mature adipocytes.
ImprovedHelicobacter pyloriEradication Rate of Tailored Triple Therapy by AddingLactobacillus delbrueckiiandStreptococcus thermophilusin Northeast Region of Thailand: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Tongtawee Taweesak , Dechsukhum Chavaboon , Leeanansaksiri Wilairat , Kaewpitoon Soraya , Kaewpitoon Natthawut , Loyd Ryan A. , Matrakool Likit , Panpimanmas Sukij
Published: June 2015

Background and Aim. To evaluate the effect ofLactobacillus delbrueckiisubsp.bulgaricusandStreptococcus thermophilustoHelicobacter pylorieradication in different periods of therapeutic protocol.Methods. Infected patients were randomized to one-week tailored triple therapy (esomeprazole 20 mg bid, clarithromycin 500 mg bid/metronidazole 400 mg tid if clarithromycin resistant, and amoxicillin 1000 mg bid) with placebo (group 1,n=100); one week of pretreatment with probiotics (group 2,n=100); and one week of pretreatment with probiotic followed by one week of the same probiotics after treatment (group 3,n=100).Result. PP analysis involved 292 patients, 98 in group 1, 97 in group 2, and 97 in group 3. Successful eradication was observed in 229 patients; by PP analysis, the eradication rates were significantly higher (P<0.01, 95% CI; 0.71–0.97) in group 2 and group 3 than group 1. ITT analysis eradication rates were significantly higher in group 2 and group 3 than group 1 (P<0.0195% CI; 0.72–0.87), and there is no significant difference between the three groups (P=0.32) in terms of adverse events.Conclusion. Adding probiotics before or before and after tailored treatment can improveHelicobacter pylorieradication rates. This trial is registered with Thai Clinical Trials Registry number:TCTR20141209001.
Autologous Fat Grafting Improves Facial Nerve Function
Authors: Klinger Marco , Lisa Andrea , Caviggioli Fabio , Maione Luca , Murolo Matteo , Vinci Valeriano , Klinger Francesco Maria
Published: June 2015

We describe the case of a 45-year-old male patient who presented a retractile and painful scar in the nasolabial fold due to trauma which determined partial motor impairment of the mouth movements. We subsequently treated him with autologous fat grafting according to Coleman’s technique. Clinical assessments were performed at 5 and 14 days and 1, 3, and 6 months after surgical procedure and we observed a progressive release of scar retraction together with an important improvement of pain symptoms. A second procedure was performed 6 months after the previous one. We observed total restoration of mimic movements within one-year follow-up. The case described confirms autologous fat grafting regenerative effect on scar tissue enlightening a possible therapeutic effect on peripheral nerve activity, hypothesizing that its entrapment into scar tissue can determine a partial loss of function.
Incipient Gearbox Fault Diagnosis Based on the Reverse State Transformation of the Chaotic Duffing Oscillator and Sampling Integral Technology
Authors: Jie Li , Jianmin Zhao
Published: June 2015

Incipient fault for a gearbox diagnosis is difficult because the signals with low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are corrupted with background noise. A method based on chaos theory and sampling integral technology will be presented to detect the incipient fault of gearbox according to the characters of the gearbox vibration signals. Sampling integral technology was used to improve the tracking ability of fault signals with lower SNR. The small changes in the sidebands of meshing frequency can be detected by the transformation of chaotic phase diagram and its Hu moment invariants, and on this basis the incipient faults can be diagnosed. The results based on gearboxes experiment justify the effectiveness of the method.
Diverse Short-Term Dynamics of Inhibitory Synapses Converging on Striatal Projection Neurons: Differential Changes in a Rodent Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Barroso-Flores Janet , Herrera-Valdez Marco A. , Lopez-Huerta Violeta Gisselle , Galarraga Elvira , Bargas José
Published: June 2015

Most neurons in the striatum are projection neurons (SPNs) which make synapses with each other within distances of approximately 100 µm. About 5% of striatal neurons are GABAergic interneurons whose axons expand hundreds of microns. Short-term synaptic plasticity (STSP) between fast-spiking (FS) interneurons and SPNs and between SPNs has been described with electrophysiological and optogenetic techniques. It is difficult to obtain pair recordings from some classes of interneurons and due to limitations of actual techniques, no other types of STSP have been described on SPNs. Diverse STSPs may reflect differences in presynaptic release machineries. Therefore, we focused the present work on answering two questions: Are there different identifiable classes of STSP between GABAergic synapses on SPNs? And, if so, are synapses exhibiting different classes of STSP differentially affected by dopamine depletion? Whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings on SPNs revealed three classes of STSPs: depressing, facilitating, and biphasic (facilitating-depressing), in response to stimulation trains at 20 Hz, in a constant ionic environment. We then used the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rodent model of Parkinson’s disease to show that synapses with different STSPs are differentially affected by dopamine depletion. We propose a general model of STSP that fits all the dynamics found in our recordings.
Development of a Comprehensive Database System for Safety Analyst
Authors: Paz Alexander , Veeramisti Naveen , Khanal Indira , Baker Justin , de la Fuente-Mella Hanns
Published: June 2015

This study addressed barriers associated with the use of Safety Analyst, a state‐of‐the‐art tool that has been developed to assist during the entire Traffic Safety Management process but that is not widely used due to a number of challenges as described in this paper. As part of this study, a comprehensive database system and tools to provide data to multiple traffic safety applications, with a focus on Safety Analyst, were developed. A number of data management tools were developed to extract, collect, transform, integrate, and load the data. The system includes consistency‐checking capabilities to ensure the adequate insertion and update of data into the database. This system focused on data from roadways, ramps, intersections, and traffic characteristics for Safety Analyst. To test the proposed system and tools, data from Clark County, which is the largest county in Nevada and includes the cities of Las Vegas, Henderson, Boulder City, and North Las Vegas, was used. The database and Safety Analyst together help identify the sites with the potential for safety improvements. Specifically, this study examined the results from two case studies. The first case study, which identified sites having a potential for safety improvements with respect to fatal and all injury crashes, included all roadway elements and used default and calibrated Safety Performance Functions (SPFs). The second case study identified sites having a potential for safety improvements with respect to fatal and all injury crashes, specifically regarding intersections; it used default and calibrated SPFs as well. Conclusions were developed for the calibration of safety performance functions and the classification of site subtypes. Guidelines were provided about the selection of a particular network screening type or performance measure for network screening.
Retrospective Analysis on the Gallstone Disease after Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Jun Kyong-Hwa , Kim Ji-Hyun , Kim Jin-Jo , Chin Hyung-Min , Park Seung-Man
Published: June 2015

Background. The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of gallstone after gastrectomy, risk factors for gallstone formation, and the surgical outcome of cholecystectomy after gastrectomy.Methods. A total of 2480 gastric cancer patients who underwent curative resection at two institutions between January 1997 and December 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients’ age, gender, diabetes mellitus, type of gastrectomy, extent of node dissection, and type of reconstruction were evaluated.Results. Gallstone formation occurred in 128 of 2480 (5.2%) patients who had undergone gastrectomy for gastric cancer. The incidence of gallstones was significantly higher after total compared with subtotal gastrectomy. Roux-en-Y reconstruction and lymph node dissection in the hepatoduodenal ligament were associated with a significantly higher incidence. In multivariate analysis, diabetes mellitus and reconstruction method were identified as significant risk factors for gallstone development. The proportion of silent stone was higher in the laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) group than in the open cholecystectomy (OC) group. Operation time and hospital stay were shorter in the LC group than in the OC group.Conclusions. Diabetes mellitus and Roux-en-Y reconstruction are risk factors for gallstones after gastrectomy. Only a few postoperative complications after subsequent cholecystectomy occurred, even when using a laparoscopic approach.
Long-Term Clinical Outcome after Treatment for High-Grade Cervical Lesions: A Retrospective Monoinstitutional Cohort Study
Authors: Del Mistro Annarosa , Matteucci Mario , Insacco Egle Alba , Onnis GianLibero , Da Re Filippo , Baboci Lorena , Zorzi Manuel , Minucci Daria
Published: June 2015

Background. The aim of this retrospective observational study of women treated for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) was to assess the long-term risk of residual/recurrent high-grade CIN.Materials and Methods. We evaluated 760 women treated by loop electrosurgical excision procedure (684) or conization (76) between 2000 and 2009, and followed up to June 30, 2014 (median follow-up 6.7 years, range 4–14). Visits every 6 months for the first year after treatment and yearly for up to the following 10 years included cytology, colposcopy when indicated, and HPV testing (search and typing).Results. CIN2+ or vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (VAIN2+) was detected in 67 cases (8.8%), 39 at first follow-up and 28 after one/more negative visits. The risk of CIN2+ was higher in case of positive margins (odds ratio (OR) 8.04, 95% CI 4.31–15.0), type 3 transformation zone (OR for CIN3 27.7, 95% CI 2.07–36.9), CIN3+ excision (OR 6.02, 95% CI 1.73–20.9), and positive high-risk HPV test at first follow-up (OR for HPV16: 20.6, 95% CI 6.8–62.6; OR for other hrHPV types: 18.3, 95% CI 5.9–57.0).Conclusion. Residual/recurrent high-grade CIN occurred in <9% cases, and the risk was associated with transformation zone type, lesion grade, margins status, and hrHPV test result at 6–12 months of follow-up.
Autophagy and Apoptosis in the Response of Human Vascular Endothelial Cells to Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein
Authors: Zhang Yanlin , Xie Ying , You Shoujiang , Han Qiao , Cao Yongjun , Zhang Xia , Xiao Guodong , Chen Rui , Liu Chunfeng
Published: June 2015

Objectives: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) may induce autophagy, apoptosis, necrosis or proliferation of cultured endothelial cells depending on the concentration and exposure time. Our previous studies found that ox-LDL exposure for 6 h increases the autophagic level of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a concentration-dependent manner. The present study investigates the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis in HUVECs exposed to ox-LDL. Methods: Flow cytometry and Western blot were used to study the apoptotic and autophagic phenomena. The contribution of autophagic and apoptotic mechanisms to ox-LDL-induced upregulation of MAP1-LC3, beclin1 and p53 protein levels were assessed by pretreatment with the autophagic inhibitors 3-MA and Atg5 small interfering (si)RNA, as well as z-vad-fmk, an apoptosis inhibitor. Results: ox-LDL induced the apoptosis of HUVECs in a concentration-dependent way. The increased expression of the autophagic proteins, LC3-II and beclin1, can be reversed by 3-MA and z-vad-fmk pretreatment. 3-MA and Atg5 siRNA increased the ox-LDL-induced increases of the p53 protein level and the annexin V-positive staining, which was decreased by z-vad-fmk. Conclusion: These results suggest that overstimulation of ox-LDL can induce autophagy and apoptosis in HUVECs. Inhibition of apoptosis leads to an inhibition of autophagy induced by ox-LDL. However, inhibition of autophagy leads to an increase in the ox-LDL-induced apoptosis.
Late Silent Stent Abscess
Authors: Zateyshchikov Dmitry , Fattakhova Elvira , Demchinsky Vladimir , Baklanova Tatiana , Serebruany Victor
Published: June 2015

Background: Coronary stent infections in general and stent abscesses (SAs) in particular are rare but often deadly complications. Most SAs manifest with fever and chest pain within 30 days after intervention and require antibiotics and stent removal. Case Report: A 45-year-old man with second ST elevated myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock was admitted to a hospital that had no cardiac catheterization laboratory. The patient underwent fibrinolytic therapy with alteplase but died 1 h later. His medical history revealed posterior myocardial infarction 7 years before, which had been successfully treated with a bare metal stent of the right coronary artery. The post-discharge observation had been unremarkable with no evidence of ischaemia or infection but gross non-compliance. Autopsy revealed complete closure of the left main coronary artery and a surprise additional finding, namely SA; the stented portion of the artery was enveloped by an abscess, and purulent material completely occluded the stent, which was floating in pus. Impressions: Since coronary angioplasty is so common, the incidence of late silent SA is probably higher than expected, especially considering that there is often a lack of clinical manifestations. Clinicians should be cognizant of this complication. More attention may be required to assess the condition of existing stents during repeated interventions. Gross non-compliance and/or early withdrawal from dual anti-platelet therapy may be directly responsible for the development of silent delayed SA.
Contrast Medium-Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Sadat Umar , Usman Ammara , Boyle Jonathan R. , Hayes Paul D. , Solomon Richard J.
Published: June 2015

Contrast medium-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a predominant cause of hospital-acquired renal insufficiency. With an increasing number of contrast medium-enhanced radiological procedures being performed in a rapidly increasing ageing population in the Western world, it is imperative that more attention is given to understand the aetiology of CI-AKI to devise novel diagnostic methods and to formulate effective prophylactic and therapeutic regimens to reduce its incidence and its associated morbidity and mortality. This article presents high-yield information on the above-mentioned aspects of CI-AKI, primarily based on results of randomised controlled trials, meta-analyses, systematic reviews and international consensus guidelines.
Unilateral Pleomorphic Lipoma of the Eyebrow
Authors: Hamilton Joey , Tan Jennifer , Mudhar Hardeep Singh
Published: June 2015

Aim: Epithelial and soft tissue tumours of the eyebrow skin and subcutis are rare occurrences. We describe an unusual eyebrow subcutis mass in a 65-year-old female. Methods: A 65-year-old female presented with an 8- to 9-month history of a painless swelling over the right eyebrow that was sausage-shaped. The clinical differential diagnosis included neurofibroma/schwannoma, cyst, prolapsed fat or metastasis. The lesion was excised. Results: The histology revealed a lesion composed of rope-like collagen, some spindle cells, mature adipocytes and hyperchromatic multi-nucleate floret cells. The spindle and multi-nucleate floret cells showed immunohistochemical positivity for CD34. The features were of a primary pleomorphic lipoma. Conclusions: This is the first reported case of a pleomorphic lipoma of the eyebrow subcutis. We discuss the clinical and histological differential diagnosis, especially related to histological conditions with which pleomorphic lipoma can be confused, such as well-differentiated liposarcoma.
Epidemiological Characteristics of Renal Colic and Climate-Related Causes in a Continental Area in Spain
Authors: Cepeda Delgado Marcos , López Izquierdo Raúl , Amón Sesmero José Heriberto , del Pozo Vegas Carlos , Álvarez Manzanares Jesús
Published: June 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of renal colic (RC) in a northwestern area of Spain and its relationship with seasonal and meteorological characteristics. Materials and Methods: We examined 700,257 cases that presented at the emergency room (ER) between 2005 and 2013. We reviewed data such as age, gender, arrival at ER, tests performed and destination after ER. Monthly data regarding temperature, humidity and hours of daylight were taken into account. The Student t-test, the Mann-Whitney test and the Chi-square test were used for the statistical analysis. RC visits were correlated with meteorological characteristics using the Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: A total of 9,330 cases were diagnosed as RC episodes (1.41% of total cases presented). The age range was 14-100 years and mean age was 47 years. Prevalence in men was higher (55.6%) than in women (44.4%). After the seasonal decomposition analysis by month, a significant increase in RC incidence was observed in the months of June, July, August and December (107-114%). There is a statistically significant correlation between mean monthly temperature and RC visit rate (R 0.33, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The incidence of RC in our region is slightly higher than the one described in the literature. A significant increase in RCs is observed in the summer months, as well as a significant correlation between incidence and temperature.
Molecular Polymorphism and Divergence of Duplicated Genes in Tetraploid African Clawed Frogs (Xenopus)
Authors: Evans Ben J. , Kwon Taejoon
Published: June 2015

Genome duplication creates redundancy in proteins and their interaction networks, and subsequent smaller-scale gene duplication can further amplify genetic redundancy. Mutations then lead to the loss, maintenance or functional divergence of duplicated genes. Genome duplication occurred many times in African clawed frogs (genus Xenopus), and almost all extant species in this group evolved from a polyploid ancestor. To better understand the nature of selective constraints in a polyploid genome, we examined molecular polymorphism and divergence of duplicates and single-copy genes in 2 tetraploid African clawed frog species, Xenopus laevis and X. victorianus. We found that molecular polymorphism in the coding regions of putative duplicated genes was higher than in singletons, but not significantly so. Our findings also suggest that transcriptome evolution in polyploids is influenced by variation in the genome-wide mutation rate, and do not reject the hypothesis that gene dosage balance is also important.
Selective Reduction Using Intravascular Potassium Chloride Injection after Laser Surgery for Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome
Authors: Chmait Ramen H. , Kontopoulos Eftichia V. , Jackson Marc , Horenstein Janet , Timor-Tritsch Ilan , Quintero Rubén A.
Published: June 2015

Selective reduction (SR) via intravascular potassium chloride (KCl) injection is contraindicated in monochorionic twins due to the presence of placental vascular communications, which may serve as a conduit for inter-twin passage of KCl or allow exsanguination of the living twin into the demised twin. After successful selective laser photocoagulation of communicating vessels (SLPCV) for twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), the twins' circulatory systems are rendered independent. Theoretically, intravascular KCl injection into one twin after successful SLPCV should not result in passage of the feticidal agent nor cause hemodynamic alterations in the co-twin. We describe 3 cases of 1,069 patients (0.3%) that underwent SLPCV for TTTS between 2003 and 2013 and subsequent SR. SLPCV was successfully completed at 18⁰, 226, and 23⁰ weeks' gestational age for Quintero stages III, IV, and III TTTS, respectively. SR via intravascular KCl injection was later performed at maternal request due to the risk of neurological compromise in one twin at 226, 254, and 236 weeks' gestational age. All co-twins survived after SR, and no neurological sequelae were suspected after birth. Further study is necessary before SR can be routinely considered after laser surgery for TTTS.
Melatonin Reduces Hypoglycemia-Induced Neuronal Death in Rats
Authors: Kim Jin Hee , Yoo Byung Hoon , Won Seok Joon , Choi Bo Young , Lee Bo Eun , Kim In Yeol , Kho Ara , Lee Song Hee , Sohn Min , Suh Sang Won
Published: June 2015

Melatonin, N-aceyl-5-methoxytryptamine, is the main secretory product of the pineal gland and has neuroprotective effects on several brain injuries, including ischemic stroke. In the present study, we hypothesized that exogenous melatonin may decrease hypoglycemia-induced neuronal death through the prevention of superoxide generation. To test our hypothesis, hypoglycemia was induced by injecting human insulin (10 U/kg, i.p.) in rats. Melatonin injection was started immediately after hypoglycemia (10 mg/kg, i.p.). The first melatonin injection was performed at the end of a 30-min isoelectric EEG period. The second and third injections were administered at 1 and 3 h after the first injection. Reactive oxygen species generation, as detected by dihydroethidium staining, was significantly reduced by melatonin treatment. Neuronal injury was reduced by the treatment of melatonin in the hippocampal CA1 and dentate granule cells. Microglia activation was robust in the hippocampus after hypoglycemia, which was almost completely prevented by melatonin treatment. Hypoglycemia-induced cognitive impairment was also significantly prevented by melatonin treatment. The present study suggests that melatonin has therapeutic potential to prevent hypoglycemia-induced brain injury.
Ki-67 Index and Solid Growth Pattern as Prognostic Markers in Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Landerholm Kalle , Falkmer Sture E.
Published: June 2015

Background/Aims: The prognostic value of histopathological grading and the growth pattern of small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NET) is unclear. In particular, the cutoff level between grades G1 and G2 at Ki-67 index above 2% is an open issue, and both lower and higher cutoffs have been proposed. The morphological solid growth pattern (SGP) in SI-NET has been reported to be associated with worse survival. The present study investigates whether a Ki-67 index cutoff of 1% has a higher predictive power than one of 2% for disease-specific survival in SI-NET, and whether an SGP is associated with survival. Patients and Methods: From a population-based cohort, 127 SI-NET patients with available tumor specimens were included. Medical records and pathology reports were reviewed. Tumor specimens were reexamined to confirm the diagnosis, recalculate the Ki-67 index, and assess the presence of an SGP, introducing an SGP score from 0 to 3+. Results: The current grading system with a G1/G2 cutoff of 2% was more discriminative (HR 2.30; 95% CI 1.20-4.38, p = 0.012) than one with a lower cutoff of 1% (HR 1.65; 95% CI 0.95-2.87, p = 0.078) after adjustment for patient age and clinical stage. SGP score was strongly associated with clinical stage (p = 0.004) and histopathological grade (p < 0.001) but was not an independent prognostic factor for disease-specific survival in SI-NET (p = 0.122) after adjusting for age, stage, and grade. Conclusions: The present grading system of SI-NET is supported by our results. The SGP is not an independent prognostic factor for disease-specific survival in SI-NET.
Progesterone Receptor Expression in the Developing Mesocortical Dopamine Pathway: Importance for Complex Cognitive Behavior in Adulthood
Authors: Willing Jari , Wagner Christine K.
Published: June 2015

Background: Numerous psychiatric and behavioral disorders such as autism, attention deficit disorder and schizophrenia may involve disruptions in the development of the mesocortical dopamine pathway, consisting of dopaminergic projections from the midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Nuclear steroid hormone receptors are powerful transcription factors and can profoundly and permanently alter fundamental processes of neural development. Nuclear progesterone receptor (PR) is transiently expressed in both the VTA and the PFC of rodents during perinatal life, suggesting that PR may regulate the normal development of this important behavioral circuit. Methods and Results: Here, we demonstrate that virtually all PR-immunoreactive (PR-ir) cells in the VTA also express tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (TH-ir). In addition, retrograde tract tracing reveals that many PR-ir cells in the VTA project to the mPFC. Administration of a PR antagonist to rats during the neonatal period decreased TH-ir fiber density in the prelimbic mPFC of juveniles (postnatal day 25) and decreased levels of TH-ir in the VTA of adults. Neonatal treatment with a PR antagonist impaired adult performance on a passive inhibitory avoidance task and an attentional set-shifting task, measures of behavioral inhibition/impulsivity and cognitive flexibility, respectively. TH-ir levels in the VTA were reduced and cognitive flexibility was impaired in PR knockout mice as well. Conclusions: These findings provide novel insights into a potential role for PR in the developmental etiology of behavioral disorders that involve impairments in complex cognitive behaviors and have implications for the use of synthetic progestins in humans during critical neurodevelopmental periods.
СИНТЕЗ ТА АНТИМІКРОБНА АКТИВНІСТЬ ЧЕТВЕРТИННИХ СОЛЕЙ 1- [4-(1-АДАМАНТИЛ)-ФЕНОКСИ] -3-ДІАЛКІЛАМІНО-2-ПРОПАНОЛУ
Authors: Короткий Ю. В. , Дудікова Д. М. , Вринчану Н. О. , Смертенко О. А.
Published: June 2015

Здійснено синтез, вивчено фізико-хімічні властивості та антимікробну активність четвертинних солей 1-[4-(1-адамантил)-фенокси]-3-діалкіламіно-2-пропанолу.
Електронно-мікроскопічні зміни ацинарних відділів привушної слинної залози при механічній жовтяниці
Authors: Левків М. О. , Шульгай А. Г.
Published: June 2015

У статті наведено дані ультраструктурних змін ацинарних відділів та капілярного русла привушної слинної залози при різних термінах механічної жовтяниці. Встановлено, що тривалий холестаз призводить до дистрофічних та деструктивних змін у структурах секреторних клітин, що виражено знижує їх функціональний стан, а іноді призводить до загибелі клітини.
САНАТОРНА РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЯ ДІТЕЙ ТА ПІДЛІТКІВ З ПАТОЛОГІЄЮ ТА ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИМИ РОЗЛАДАМИ БІЛІАРНО СИСТЕМИ ІЗ ЗОН РАДІОАКТИВНОГО ЗАБРУДНЕННЯ ВНАСЛІДОК АВАРІ НА ЧАЕС
Authors: Козак Д. В. , Лавриненко О. М. , Коваль В. Б. , Салайда І. М. , Грушко В. В.
Published: June 2015

РЕЗЮМЕ. Робота присвячена вивченню ефективності впливу санаторно-курортно реабілітаці за допомогою
природних лікувальних факторів та курсу ЛФК на перебіг хронічного некалькульозного холециститу та функціональних
розладів біліарно системи у дітей та підлітків з радіоактивно забруднених територій внаслідок аварі на ЧАЕС.
КЛЮЧОВІ СЛОВА: Радіоактивне забруднення, хронічний холецистит, дискінезія жовчних шляхів, реабілітація.
ЕКСТРЕНА ОЦІНКА СТАНУ ОБ’ЄМНОГО ПЕРИФЕРІЙНОГО КРОВООБІГУ ТА СТАНУ ВОЛЕМІ ЗА РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМИ ФОТОПЛЕТИЗМОГРАФІЧНОГО ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ
Authors: Курсов С. В. , Лизогуб К. І.
Published: June 2015

РЕЗЮМЕ. Перфузійний індекс (ПІ) - показник, що відображає ефективність периферійного кровообігу, а разом із
цим, непрямим шляхом, допомагає діагностувати наявність гіповолемі та визначати ступінь тяжкості. ПІ визначають
в процесі фотоплетизмографічного дослідження разом із насиченням капілярно крові киснем. Зменшення
хвилинного обсягу кровообігу, що має місце в умовах гіповолемі (крововтрата, зневоднення), супроводжується
зменшенням периферійного кровотоку, а отже, й величини ПІ. Зменшення показника ПІ відповідає тяжкості шоку.
Лікувальні заходи, що спрямовані на усунення гіповолемі та зростання системного артеріального тиску, сполучаються
із зростанням показника ПІ. Для визначення ПІ користуються спеціальними пульсоксиметрами, які можуть бути
доступні для лікарів екстрено медично допомоги та лікарів сімейно медицини
Prevalence and Impact of High Platelet Reactivity in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Baber Usman , Mehran Roxana , Kirtane Ajay J. , Gurbel Paul A. , Christodoulidis Georgios , Maehara Akiko , Witzenbichler Bernhard , Weisz Giora , Rinaldi Michael J. , Metzger D. Christopher , Henry Timothy D. , Cox David A. , Duffy Peter L. , Mazzaferri Ernest L. , Xu Ke , Parise Helen , Brodie Bruce R. , Stuckey Thomas D. , Stone Gregg W.
Published: June 2015

Background—

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased rates of adverse events after percutaneous coronary intervention. We sought to determine the impact of CKD on platelet reactivity in clopidogrel-treated patients and whether high platelet reactivity (HPR) confers a similar or differential risk for adverse events among patients with CKD and non-CKD.

Methods and Results—

We performed a post hoc analysis of the Assessment of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With Drug-Eluting Stents (ADAPT-DES) registry, which included 8582 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents and platelet function testing using the VerifyNow assay. We compared HPR and its impact on ischemic and bleeding events >2 years among patients with CKD and non-CKD. Patients with CKD (n=1367) were older, more often female, diabetic, and had lower ejection fraction compared with their non-CKD counterparts (n=7043). Although HPR prevalence increased with worsening renal function in unadjusted analyses, these associations were no longer present after adjustment. Major adverse cardiac event rates at 2 years among those without CKD or HPR, HPR alone, CKD alone, and both CKD and HPR were 9.0%, 11.2%, 13.3%, and 17.5%, respectively (
P
<0.001). Associations between HPR and adverse events were uniform across CKD strata without evidence of interaction.

Conclusions—

HPR is more common among those with versus without CKD, an association that is attributable to confounding risk factors that are more prevalent in CKD. The impact of HPR on ischemic and bleeding events is similar irrespective of CKD status.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00638794.
Temporal Trends in Quality of Life Outcomes After Transapical Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Gada Hemal , Kirtane Ajay J. , Wang Kaijun , Lei Yang , Magnuson Elizabeth , Reynolds Matthew R. , Williams Mathew R. , Kodali Susheel , Vahl Torsten P. , Arnold Suzanne V. , Leon Martin B. , Thourani Vinod , Szeto Wilson Y. , Cohen David J.
Published: June 2015

Background—

In the Placement of AoRTic TraNscathetER Valve (PARTNER) randomized controlled trial (RCT), which represented the first exposure to transapical transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TA-TAVR) for many clinical sites, high-risk patients undergoing TA-TAVR derived similar health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes when compared with surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). With increasing experience, it is possible that HRQoL outcomes of TA-TAVR may have improved.

Methods and Results—

We evaluated HRQoL outcomes at 1-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups among 875 patients undergoing TA-TAVR in the PARTNER nonrandomized continued access (NRCA) registry and compared these outcomes with those of the TA-TAVR and SAVR patients in the PARTNER RCT. HRQoL was assessed with the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ), the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 12, and the EuroQoL-5D, with the KCCQ overall summary score serving as the primary end point. The NRCA TA-TAVR and RCT TA-TAVR and SAVR groups were generally similar. The primary outcome, the KCCQ summary score, did not differ between the NRCA TA-TAVR and the RCT TA-TAVR group at any follow-up timepoints, although there were small differences in favor of the NRCA cohort on several KCCQ subscales at 1 month. There were no significant differences in follow-up HRQOL between the NRCA-TAVR and the RCT SAVR cohorts on the KCCQ overall summary scale or any of the disease-specific or generic subscales.

Conclusions—

Despite greater experience with TA-TAVR in the NRCA registry, HRQoL outcomes remained similar to those of TA-TAVR in the original RCT cohort and no better than those with SAVR. These findings have important implications for patient selection for TAVR when transfemoral access is not an option.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00530894.
Influence of Cardiovascular Fitness and Muscle Strength in Early Adulthood on Long-Term Risk of Stroke in Swedish Men
Authors: Åberg N. David , Kuhn H. Georg , Nyberg Jenny , Waern Margda , Friberg Peter , Svensson Johan , Torén Kjell , Rosengren Annika , Åberg Maria A.I. , Nilsson Michael
Published: June 2015

Background and Purpose—

Low cardiovascular fitness (fitness) in mid- and late life is a risk factor for stroke. However, the respective effects on long-term stroke risk of fitness and muscle strength in early adulthood are unknown. Therefore, we analyzed these in a large cohort of young men.

Method—

We performed a population-based longitudinal cohort study of Swedish male conscripts registered in 1968 to 2005. Data on fitness (by the cycle ergometric test; n=1 166 035) and muscle strength (n=1 563 750) were trichotomized (low, medium, and high). During a 42-year follow-up, risk of stroke (subarachnoidal hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, and ischemic stroke) and fatality were calculated with Cox proportional hazards models. To identify cases, we used the
International Classification of Diseases
-
Eighth to Tenth Revision
in the Hospital Discharge Register and the Cause of Death Register.

Results—

First-time stroke events were identified (subarachnoidal hemorrhage, n=895; intracerebral hemorrhage, n=2904; ischemic stroke, n=7767). For all stroke and fatality analysis any type of first-time stroke was recorded (n=10 917). There were inverse relationships in a dose–response fashion between fitness and muscle strength with any stroke (adjusted hazard ratios for the lowest, compared with the highest, tertile of each 1.70 [1.50–1.93] and 1.39 [1.27–1.53], respectively). There were stronger associations for fatal stroke. All 3 stroke types displayed similar associations. Associations between fitness and stroke remained when adjusted for muscle strength, whereas associations between muscle strength and stroke weakened/disappeared when adjusted for fitness.

Conclusions—

At the age of 18 years, low fitness and to a lesser degree low muscle strength were independently associated with an increased future stroke risk.
Regenerative Neurogenesis After Ischemic Stroke Promoted by Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase–Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Cascade
Authors: Zhao Yan , Guan Yun-Feng , Zhou Xiao-Ming , Li Guo-Qiang , Li Zhi-Yong , Zhou Can-Can , Wang Pei , Miao Chao-Yu
Published: June 2015

Background and Purpose—

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a ubiquitous fundamental metabolite. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) is the rate-limiting enzyme for mammalian NAD salvage synthesis and has been shown to protect against acute ischemic stroke. In this study, we investigated the role of Nampt–NAD cascade in brain regeneration after ischemic stroke.

Methods—

Nampt transgenic (Nampt-Tg) mice and H247A mutant enzymatic-dead Nampt transgenic (ΔNampt-Tg) mice were subjected with experimental cerebral ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion. Activation of neural stem cells, neurogenesis, and neurological function recovery were measured. Besides, nicotinamide mononucleotide and NAD, two chemical enzymatic product of Nampt, were administrated in vivo and in vitro.

Results—

Compared with wild-type mice, Nampt-Tg mice showed enhanced number of neural stem cells, improved neural functional recovery, increased survival rate, and accelerated body weight gain after middle cerebral artery occlusion, which were not observed in ΔNampt-Tg mice. A delayed nicotinamide mononucleotide administration for 7 days with the first dose at 12 hours post middle cerebral artery occlusion did not protect acute brain infarction and neuronal deficit; however, it still improved postischemic regenerative neurogenesis. Nicotinamide mononucleotide and NAD
+
promoted proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in vitro. Knockdown of NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and SIRT2 inhibited the progrowth action of Nampt–NAD axis, whereas knockdown of SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT6 compromised the prodifferentiation effect of Nampt–NAD axis.

Conclusions—

Our data demonstrate that the Nampt–NAD cascade may act as a centralizing switch in postischemic regeneration through controlling different sirtuins and therefore represent a promising therapeutic target for long-term recovery of ischemic stroke.
The Joy of the Law
Authors: van Vlastuin Willem
Published: June 2015

In this essay, the author studies the so-called third use of the law in the Heidelberg Catechism, as a representative creed in the Calvinistic confession. In the introduction several current problems surrounding the normative use of the law are investigated, which leads to the research question: How can this use in the Heidelberg Catechism contribute to current theology of renewal? The structures of this catechism and the interpretative framework for the treatment of the law are first described, this is followed by an assessment of how the third use of the law in this catechism functions according to its own theological structures. It becomes clear that the treatment of the Ten Commandments differs from the theological framework. While the structures of the Heidelberg Catechism guarantee spiritual liberty for the treatment of the Ten Commandments, in the practical functioning of the law this liberty is weakened. This is confirmed by the treatment of the law in the theological framework of the balanced relationship of mortification and quickening. The third use of the law for a current theology of renewal is then revisited and it is suggested that the discovery of the eschatological aspect of Christology can be applied to soteriology, which opens up the possibility of speaking about the fulfillment of the law by the Spirit in the hearts and lives of believers as an earnest of the future glory. In this way the joy of the law can function in a theological framework.
Natural Law for Reformed Theology
Authors: VanDrunen David
Published: June 2015

This paper outlines a constructive account of natural law for the twenty-first century, rooted in the Reformed theological and confession heritage. It suggests how natural law can provide us with a deep theological way of affirming the existence of an objectively meaningful natural order, discusses the importance of natural law for maintaining the accountability of all human beings before the divine judgment, and reflects on how natural law serves as crucial foundation for the church’s ministry of the gospel to a hurting and needy world.
Bang Jung Whan – The Korean Pioneer of Children’s Rights
Authors: Lee Yanghee , Jung Byungsoo
Published: June 2015

Almost a century ago, when the international community was becoming aware of the importance of children and the concept of children’s rights, a visionary pioneer from Korea also initiated a children’s movement. The concept of children’s rights is commonly believed to be a Western concept. But Bang Jung Whan was also advocating for the realisation of what the contemporary international community is still grappling with. This article introduces Bang Jung Whan (1899–1931) who is better known in Korea for his work in children’s literature. Respect for the human dignity of children characterises his philosophical foundation. This article examines Bang Jung Whan’s contribution to children’s rights. Links will be made to the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Eglantyne Jebb – A Pioneer of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Authors: Kerber-Ganse Waltraut
Published: June 2015

The efforts relating to the universal recognition of human rights of children are closely linked with the name of Eglantyne Jebb, who in 1924 convinced the governments assembled in the League of Nations to adopt a first document on children’s rights: “The Declaration of Geneva”. Children’s rights activists have often interpreted this declaration as a charity appeal and not a codification of rights. This article describes how Eglantyne Jebb’s thinking evolved about children and what mankind owes her. The dimensions of the work of the funds, which she founded and directed, the Save the Children Fund in Great Britain 1919 and the Save the Children International Union 1920, progressively showed her that charity is not enough and worldwide cooperation of governments is urgently required to establish structures and provisions to which children are entitled.
Religion, Migration and Identity
Authors: Frederiks Martha Th.
Published: June 2015

This article aims to give a representative overview and appraisal of insights and theories developed thus far in the field of religion, migration and identity. It investigates whether the present conceptual toolbox is adequate to describe and analyze the impact of migration phenomena on individual and communal expressions of faith. The article first explores the concepts “migrant” and “migration”. It then discusses theories focusing on the significance of faith and religious communities for migrants, followed by theories pertaining to the changes effectuated by migration in the religious landscapes of the country of origin as well as destination. The article argues that there is a need for further clarification and stipulation of key terms in the discourses on religion and migration, as well as a necessity to do more comparative research, since most of the prevailing theories so far have emerged from research on Christian migrant communities in theusa. Finally, it identifies areas for further research.
On Early Jewish Literature and the Aramaic Magic Bowls
Authors: Bhayro Siam
Published: June 2015

This article discusses examples of ‘lost midrashim’ that occur in both the New Testament and the Aramaic magic bowls, with a view to demonstrating the significance of the magic bowls for the study of early Jewish literature.
Domestic Service, Migration, and Ethnic Stereotyping
Authors: Moch Leslie Page
Published: June 2015

Historians’ attention to timing and the contingencies of history inform this study of the evolution of domestic servants. It explores the case of Breton domestics in Paris from 1880 to after the Second World War, focusing on the change in status and stereotype represented by a popular cartoon character as the belle époque gave way to the interwar period, the migrant group of Bretons in Paris changed, state policy on regional cultures evolved, and the country experienced the two great wars of the twentieth century.
A new species of Chalybea (Blakeeae, Melastomataceae) from the Ecuador-Peru border
Authors: Ulloa Ulloa Carmen , Penneys Darin S. , Neill David A. , Fernandez Diana M.
Published: June 2015

A new species, Chalybea brevipedunculata, from the Ecuador-Peru border is herein described and illustrated. It differs from all other species in the genus by having inflorescence peduncles that are shorter than their subtending leaf petioles.
Prescription Drug Misuse in Late Adulthood
Authors: Holtfreter Kristy , Reisig Michael D. , O’Neal Eryn Nicole
Published: June 2015

Prescription drug misuse is a public health problem, and older adults are at high risk. The underlying factors associated with this problem in late adulthood are not well understood. Using cross-sectional data from telephone interviews with individuals aged 60 years and older in Arizona and Florida ( N = 2,000), this study tests whether hypotheses derived from general strain and low self-control theories are supported while investigating misusing prescription medication. Results from the regression analyses reveal that the association between poor health (conceptualized as a strain) and misusing prescription drugs (conceptualized as criminal coping) is partially explained by depressive symptoms (conceptualized as negative emotionality). The link between problem drinking and prescription drug misuse is fully attenuated when low self-control is included in the model. The results confirm that both theories provide insight into this public health problem and that treatment strategies should target the underlying mechanisms that lead to misuse.
Compression asphyxia from a human pyramid
Authors: Tumram Nilesh Keshav , Ambade Vipul Namdeorao , Biyabani Naushad
Published: June 2015

In compression asphyxia, respiration is stopped by external forces on the body. It is usually due to an external force compressing the trunk such as a heavy weight on the chest or abdomen and is associated with internal injuries. In present case, the victim was trapped and crushed under the falling persons from a human pyramid formation for a “Dahi Handi” festival. There was neither any severe blunt force injury nor any significant pathological natural disease contributing to the cause of death. The victim was unable to remove himself from the situation because his cognitive responses and coordination were impaired due to alcohol intake. The victim died from asphyxia due to compression of his chest and abdomen. Compression asphyxia resulting from the collapse of a human pyramid and the dynamics of its impact force in these circumstances is very rare and is not reported previously to the best of our knowledge.
Contesting Mexico City’s alleged polycentric condition through a centrality-mixed land-use composite index
Authors: Escamilla Jorge Montejano , Cos Camilo Caudillo , Cárdenas José Silván
Published: June 2015

We examine Mexico City’s urban structure through a composite index by combining two previously existing metrics: one derived from the Urban Network Analysis tool (UNA), recently published by MIT researchers, and the other, using an Entropy Index, which in essence, represents the mixed land-use degree. The proposed composite index embodies a different approach from previous methods reported in the literature because it uses disaggregated data at the unit level, performs weighted cluster calculations through a network data set, and incorporates a mixed land-use metric. This method was developed in order to test if the urban arrangement showed signs of a polycentric condition under a particular centrality standpoint. We observed that Mexico City has a relatively weak polycentric urban condition.