bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vertical distribution of HMXBs in NGC 55: Constraining their centre of mass velocity
Authors: Politakis Babis , Zezas Andreas , Andrews Jeff J. , Williams Stephen J.
Published: December 2019

We analyse the vertical distribution of High Mass X-ray Binaries (HMXBs) in NGC 55, the nearest edge-on galaxy to the Milky Way. Our analysis reveals significant spatial offsets of HMXBs from the star forming regions, greater than those observed in the SMC and the LMC but similar with the Milky Way. The spatial offsets can be explained by a momentum kick the X-ray binaries receive during the formation of the compact object. The difference between the scale height of the vertical distribution of HMXBs and the vertical distribution of star-forming activity is 0.48±0.04 kpc. The centre-of-mass velocity of the distribution of HMXBs in NGC 55 is moving at a velocity of 52.4±11.4 km s−1, greater than the corresponding velocity of HMXBs in the SMC and LMC, but consistent with velocities of Milky Way HMXBs.
On the nature of Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients
Authors: Negueruela Ignacio
Published: December 2019

More than a decade after fast x-ray transients with an OB supergiant counterpart were identified as a distinct class of wind-accreting sources, we still have not reached a consensus on the physical origin of their similarities and differences with persistent sources. Both kinds seem to extend over the same range of every relevant parameter. Here I argue that, despite this overall overlap, persistent sources have – on average – later-type, more evolved counterparts, and discuss the hypothesis that SFXTs are – on average – a younger population, as well as some of its possible implications.
Testing how massive stars evolve, lose mass, and collapse at low metal content
Authors: Rojas Montes Eliceth Y. , Vink Jorick
Published: December 2019

In order to test massive star evolution above 25 M⊙, we perform spectral analysis on a sample of massive stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud that includes both O stars as well as more evolved Wolf-Rayet stars. We present a grid of non-LTE stellar atmospheres that has been calculated using the cmfgen code, in order to have a systematic and homogeneous approach. We obtain stellar and wind parameters for O stars, spectral types ranging from O2 to O6, and the complete sample of known Wolf-Rayet stars. We discuss the evolutionary status of both the O and WR stars and the links between them, as well as the most likely evolutionary path towards black hole formation in a low metallicity environment, including testing theoretical predictions for mass-loss rates at low metallicities.
The possible origin of high frequency quasi-periodic oscillations in low mass X-ray binaries
Authors: Shi Chang Sheng , Zhang Shuang Nan , Li Xiang Dong
Published: December 2019

We summarize our model that high frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) both in the neutron star low mass X-ray binaries (NS-LMXBs) and black hole LMXBs may originate from magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves. Based on the MHD model in NS-LMXBs, the explanation of the parallel tracks is presented. The slowly varying effective surface magnetic field of a NS leads to the shift of parallel tracks of QPOs in NS-LMXBs. In the study of kilohertz (kHz) QPOs in NS-LMXBs, we obtain a simple power-law relation between the kHz QPO frequencies and the combined parameter of accretion rate and the effective surface magnetic field. Based on the MHD model in BH-LMXBs, we suggest that two stable modes of the Alfv́en waves in the accretion disks with a toroidal magnetic field may lead to the double high frequency QPOs. This model, in which the effect of the general relativity in BH-LMXBs is considered, naturally accounts for the 3:2 relation for the upper and lower frequencies of the QPOs and the relation between the BH mass and QPO frequency.
Prospecting the wind structure of IGR J16320–4751 with XMM-NewtonandSwift
Authors: García F. , Fogantini F. A. , Chaty S. , Combi J. A.
Published: December 2019

. TheINTEGRALsatellite has revealed a previously hidden population of absorbed High Mass X-ray Binaries (HMXBs) hosting supergiant (SG) stars. Among them, IGR J16320–4751 is a classical system intrinsically obscured by its environment, with a column density of~1023cm-2, more than an order of magnitude higher than the interstellar absorption along the line of sight. It is composed of a neutron star (NS) rotating with a spin period of~1300 s, accreting matter from the stellar wind of an O8I SG, with an orbital period of~9 days. We analyzed all existing archival XMM-NewtonandSwift/BAT observations of the obscured HMXB IGR J16320–4751 performing a detailed temporal and spectral analysis of the source along its orbit. Using a typical model for the supergiant wind profile, we simultaneously fitted the evolution of the hard X-ray emission and intrinsic column density along the full orbit of the NS around the SG, which allowed us to constrain physical and geometrical parameters of the binary system.
Dynamical versus isolated formation channels of gravitational wave sources
Authors: Mapelli Michela
Published: December 2019

What are the formation channels of merging black holes and neutron stars? The first two observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Virgo give us invaluable insights to address this question, but a new approach to theoretical models is required, in order to match the challenges posed by the new data. In this review, I discuss the impact of stellar winds, core-collapse and pair instability supernovae on the formation of compact remnants in both isolated and dynamically formed binaries. Finally, I show that dynamical processes, such as the runaway collision scenario and the Kozai-Lidov mechanism, leave a clear imprint on the demography of merging systems.
Detection of the progenitors of Be X-ray Binaries
Authors: Gies Douglas , Wang Luqian , Peters Geraldine
Published: December 2019

A recent survey of the far-ultraviolet spectra of 264 B-emission line stars has revealed 16 systems with hot companions that are the stripped down remains of a former mass donor star. Some of these will probably become Be + neutron star X-ray binaries in the future. The actual numbers of such systems may be large, because the detected systems have companions that occupy the brief and bright, He-shell burning stage of evolution.
Binarity of Pleione and its influence on the circumstellar disk
Authors: Iliev Lubomir
Published: December 2019

Pleione is a classical Be star well known for its cyclic transitions between Be-, shell- and normal B spectral phases. Its nature as a binary system was discussed by McAlister et al. (1989), Gies et al. (1990), Luthardt & Menchenkova (1994) and Nemravova et al (2010). We present the results that trace the evolution of the dimensions of the circumstellar disk of Pleione that are related to the binary system.
High mass X-ray binaries: Beacons in a stormy universe
Authors: Gies Douglas R.
Published: December 2019

The discovery of gravity waves from the mergers of black hole binaries has focused the astronomical community on the high mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) as the potential progenitors of close pairs of compact stars. This symposium gathered experts in observational and theoretical work for a very timely review of our understanding of the processes that drive the X-ray luminosity of the diverse kinds of binaries and what evolutionary stages are revealed in the observed cases. Here I offer a condensed summary of some of the results about massive star properties, the observational categories of HMXBs, their accretion processes, their numbers in the Milky Way and other galaxies, and how they may be related to the compact binaries that merge in a burst of gravity waves.
V1187 Herculis: A Red Novae progenitor, and the most extreme mass ratio binary known
Authors: Samec Ronald G. , Chamberlain Heather , Caton Daniel , Robb Russell , Faulkner Danny R.
Published: December 2019

Complete BVRCIC light curves of V1187 Her were obtained in May 2017 at the Dark Sky Observatory in North Carolina with the 0.81-m reflector of Appalachian State University. Earlier, spectra were taken at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory with the 1.8-m telescope. The spectral type was found to be F8±1 V (6250 K), so the binary is of solar-type. V1187 Her was previously identified as a low amplitude (V < 0.2 mag), short period, overcontact eclipsing binary (EW) with a period of 0.310726 d. Strikingly, despite its low amplitude, the early light curves show total eclipses (eclipse duration ≍31.5 minutes), which is a characteristic of an extreme mass ratio binary. A period study covering 11 years reveals a continuous period decrease dP/dt=–4.7×10–9 d yr–1. The multi-band Wilson-Devinney light curve solution gives a fill-out of 79% and a mass ratio of only 0.0440±0.0001. There is a cool spot region on the secondary component, which is 400 K hotter than the primary. The inclination is only 66.85±0.05 despite the system’s total eclipses.
Polar Ionospheric Large‐Scale Structures and Dynamics Revealed by TEC Keogram Extracted From TEC Maps
Authors: Wang Y. , Zhang Q.‐H. , Ma Y.‐Z. , Jayachandran P. T. , Xing Z.‐Y. , Balan N. , Zhang S.‐R.
Published: December 2019

A method named total electron content (TEC) keogram is introduced for surveying the large‐scale irregularities continuously in the polar ionosphere. The TEC keogram is developed from a movie of TEC maps along various meridian lines from the dayside to the nightside across the magnetic pole, trying to identify and track several types of ionospheric structures. Through two examples, a clear train of polar cap patches are identified from TEC keogram and confirmed by SuperDARN radar observations. The motion speed of these patches estimated from this tool agrees with SuperDARN radar measurements. Then, the motions of patches relative to the background convection through the whole polar cap are statistically studied for the first time. Moreover, the occurrence dependence of fully tracked patches on months, UT hours, and interplanetary magnetic field conditions is generally consistent with previous reports. These results suggest that the TEC keogram offers a power tool for continuous monitoring and studying of large‐scale plasma irregularities in the polar ionosphere.
Predicting how color and shape combine in the human visual system to direct attention
Authors: Buetti Simona , Xu Jing , Lleras Alejandro
Published: December 2019

Objects in a scene can be distinct from one another along a multitude of visual attributes, such as color and shape, and the more distinct an object is from its surroundings, the easier it is to find it. However, exactly how this distinctiveness advantage arises in vision is not well understood. Here we studied whether and how visual distinctiveness along different visual attributes (color and shape, assessed in four experiments) combine to determine an object’s overall distinctiveness in a scene. Unidimensional distinctiveness scores were used to predict performance in six separate experiments where a target object differed from distractor objects along both color and shape. Results showed that there is mathematical law determining overall distinctiveness as the simple sum of the distinctiveness scores along each visual attribute. Thus, the brain must compute distinctiveness scores independently for each visual attribute before summing them into the overall score that directs human attention.
Modification of asphalt mixtures for cold regions using microencapsulated phase change materials
Authors: Bueno Moises , Kakar Muhammad Rafiq , Refaa Zakariaa , Worlitschek Jörg , Stamatiou Anastasia , Partl Manfred N.
Published: December 2019

Phase change materials (PCMs) may be used to regulate the temperature of road surfaces to avoid low-temperature damages when asphalt materials become brittle and prone to cracking. With this in mind, different asphalt mixtures were modified with microencapsulated phase change materials (i.e. tetradecane) to assess their thermal benefits during the phase change process. Likewise, the effect on the mechanical performance of PCMs as a replacement of mineral filler was assessed. Special attention was paid to dry and wet modification processes for incorporating the PCMs into the mixtures. The results showed that PCM modifications are indeed able to slow down cooling and affect temperatures below zero. Approximately, a maximum of 2.5 °C offset was achieved under the tested cooling conditions compared to the unmodified reference specimens. Regarding the mechanical response at 0 °C and 10 °C, the results indicated that the PCM modification significantly reduces the stiffness of the material in comparison with the values obtained for the reference mixture.
Short-lived long noncoding RNAs as surrogate indicators for chemical stress in HepG2 cells and their degradation by nuclear RNases
Authors: Tani Hidenori , Numajiri Ayaka , Aoki Motohide , Umemura Tomonari , Nakazato Tetsuya
Published: December 2019

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-protein-coding transcripts >200 nucleotides in length that have been shown to play important roles in various biological processes. The mechanisms underlying the induction of lncRNA expression by chemical exposure remain to be determined. We identified a novel class of short-lived lncRNAs with half-lives (t1/2) ≤4 hours in human HeLa Tet-off cells, which have been suggested to express many lncRNAs with regulatory functions. As they may affect various human biological processes, short-lived lncRNAs may be useful indicators of the degree of stress on chemical exposure. In the present study, we identified four short-lived lncRNAs, designated as OIP5-AS1, FLJ46906, LINC01137, and GABPB1-AS1, which showed significantly upregulated expression following exposure to hydrogen peroxide (oxidative stress), mercury II chloride (heavy metal stress), and etoposide (DNA damage stress) in human HepG2 cells. These lncRNAs may be useful indicators of chemical stress responses. The levels of these lncRNAs in the cells were increased because of chemical stress-induced prolongation of their decay. These lncRNAs were degraded by nuclear RNases, which are components of the exosome and XRN2, and chemical exposure inhibited the RNase activities within the cells.
Mathematical modeling and computer simulation of the three-dimensional pattern formation of honeycombs
Authors: Jeong Darae , Li Yibao , Kim Sangkwon , Choi Yongho , Lee Chaeyoung , Kim Junseok
Published: December 2019

We present a mathematical model, a numerical scheme, and computer simulations of the three-dimensional pattern formation of a honeycomb structure by using the immersed boundary method. In our model, we assume that initially the honeycomb cells have a hollow hemisphere mounted by a hollow circular cylinder shape at their birth and there is force acting upon the entire side of the cell. The net force from the individual cells is a key factor in their transformation from a hollow hemisphere mounted by a hollow circular cylinder shape to a rounded rhombohedral surfaces mounted by a hexagonal cylinder shape. Numerical simulations of the proposed mathematical model equation produce the rounded rhombohedral surfaces mounted by a hexagonal cylinder patterns observed in honeybee colonies.
Tungsten oxide-based visible light-driven photocatalysts: crystal and electronic structures and strategies for photocatalytic efficiency enhancement
Authors: Quan Haiqin , Gao Yanfeng , Wang Wenzhong
Published: December 2019

Photocatalysis (PC) technology has received global attention due to its high potential of addressing both environmental and energy issues using only solar light as energy input.
A supramolecular approach for the synthesis of cross-linked ionic polyacetylene network gels
Authors: Tian Yong , Kong Lingwei , Mao Huiling , Shi Jianbing , Tong Bin , Cai Zhengxu , Dong Yuping
Published: December 2019

We present a facile approach to prepare π-conjugated ionic polyacetylene gel. IPN-1A with a highly ordered structure facilitated the charge transport and can be used to fabricate a flexible energy-storage device to light miniature bulbs.
Bioinspired by cell membranes: functional polymeric materials for biomedical applications
Authors: Chen Xingyu , Li Jianshu
Published: December 2019

This review describes the functional biomedical polymers developed by the biomimetic/bioinspired strategies from various prototypes of cell membranes.
GeSe thin-film solar cells
Authors: Liu Shun-Chang , Yang Yusi , Li Zongbao , Xue Ding-Jiang , Hu Jin-Song
Published: December 2019

This review summarizes the recent progress of GeSe thin-film solar cells and provides a brief outlook for their further development.
A dienamine-mediated deconjugative addition/cyclization cascade of γ,γ-disubstituted enals with carboxylic acid-activated enones: a rapid access to highly functionalized γ-lactones
Authors: Jiang Wei , Zhou Jia , Ma Ai-Jun , Li Dongli , Ma Yan-Yan , Zhao Deng-Gao , Hou Si-Hua , Lin Jun-Bing , Zhang Shu-Yu
Published: December 2019

An aminocatalytic deconjugative addition/cyclization cascade of γ,γ-disubstituted enals with carboxylic acid-activated enones was realized, giving rise to highly functionalized γ-lactones with excellent enantioselectivities.
Synthesis and properties of a redox-switchable calix[6]arene-based molecular lasso
Authors: Orlandini Guido , Casimiro Lorenzo , Bazzoni Margherita , Cogliati Beatrice , Credi Alberto , Lucarini Marco , Silvi Serena , Arduini Arturo , Secchi Andrea
Published: December 2019

A self-complexing lasso-like molecule has been synthesised as the first example of a calix[6]arene-based [1]pseudorotaxane. This artificial molecular lasso can be switched between self-threaded and dethreaded structures by redox stimulation.
Fe and W doped Bi2MoO6 nanoflakes: a promising material for efficient solar water splitting
Authors: Chakraborty Mohua , Ghosh Sourav , Mahalingam Venkataramanan
Published: December 2019

Fe and W doped Bi2MoO6 nanoflake thin films were obtained via a solvothermal method and used as photo-electrodes for efficient solar water splitting.
Immunotoxins: Targeted Toxin Delivery for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Mei Xin , Chen Junsheng , Wang Jing , Zhu Jianwei
Published: December 2019

Immunotoxins are proteins that consist of a protein toxin conjugated to a specific targeting moiety. The targeting moiety is usually an antibody or ligand, such as monoclonal antibody, antibody fragment, a cytokine, or a growth factor. The toxins usually come from plant toxins, bacterial toxins, or human-origin cytotoxic elements. Nearly all toxins work by enzymatically inhibiting protein synthesis. After binding to antigens or receptors on target cell surfaces, immunotoxins are internalized and translocated to the cytosol where they can kill the cells. Immunotoxins have demonstrated high cytotoxicity to cancer cells and to date two immunotoxins have been approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration on the markets for the treatment of hematological tumors: Lumoxiti and Ontak. Many other molecules are under development or clinical trials for different forms of cancer. Although immunotoxins exhibit great potency in xenograft model systems and early clinical trials, there are obstacles that limit successful treatments, including immunogenicity, nonspecific toxicity, and poor penetration. However, efforts are underway to address these problems. In this review, we summarize immunotoxins currently in clinical trials for either hematological tumors or solid tumors, outline the design of immunotoxins utilizing variety of components, and discuss the prominent examples of redesigned immunotoxins with reduced immunogenicity and nonspecific toxicity, as well as the strategies in manufacturing immunotoxins. With further improvements, it is anticipated that immunotoxins will play an increasing role in cancer therapy.
Executive Functions and Academic Outcomes of Low Birthweight Infants: A Prospective Longitudinal U.S. Cohort
Authors: Miller Sarah E. , DeBoer Mark D. , Scharf Rebecca J.
Published: December 2019

Objective Executive functions such as working memory and cognitive flexibility are key to lifelong learning. Our hypothesis was that children born low birthweight (LBW), defined as weight < 2,500 g, would have lower cognitive outcomes than those born normal weight, and children with poor executive functioning would be at risk for poor academic outcomes.

Study Design We evaluated data from 12,656 children followed prospectively in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class 2010–2011, assessing outcomes from kindergarten, first grade, and second grade. Multivariable linear and logistic regressions were run evaluating the relationship between birthweight and cognitive outcomes, and the odds of infants with poor executive functioning having poor academic outcomes.

Results Compared with children with normal birthweight, those born LBW had lower mean z-scores for academic and directly assessed executive functions from kindergarten through second grade. LBW children were at an increased risk of scoring in the bottom 20% of children at all time points: second-grade reading odds ratio (OR) = 1.60 (95% confidence interval [CI:] 1.23–2.09), math OR = 1.49 (95% CI: 1.21–1.84), science OR = 1.41 (95% CI: 1.11–1.81), cognitive flexibility OR = 1.61 (95% CI: 1.27–2.02), and working memory OR = 1.40 (95% CI: 1.10–1.77).

Conclusion LBW infants remain at risk of poor cognitive outcomes in second grade. Early difficulties with executive functioning can increase the risk of a child's academic performance years later.
High Dose Indomethacin for Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure Increases Neonatal Morbidity
Authors: Waldvogel Salome , Atkinson Andrew , Wilbeaux Mélanie , Nelle Mathias , Berger Markus R. , Gerull Roland
Published: December 2019

Objective Symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (sPDA) is the most common heart abnormality in preterm infants. Optimal duration and dose of medical treatment is still unclear. We assessed undesired effects and closure rate of high-dose indomethacin (HDI) for pharmacological closure of sPDA.

Study Design Retrospective single center analysis of 248 preterm infants born between January 2006 and December 2015 with a birth weight <2,000 g and sPDA which was treated with indomethacin. Patients were treated with either standard dose indomethacin (SDI; n = 196) or HDI (n = 52). Undesired effects and PDA closure were compared between patients treated with SDI and HDI.

Results In univariate analysis, patients receiving HDI had a significant increase in gastrointestinal hemorrhage (32.7 vs.11.7%, p = 0.001), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (77.8 vs. 55.1%, p = 0.003), and retinopathy of prematurity (13.5 vs. 2.6%, p = 0.004). Moreover, HDI patients needed longer mechanical ventilation (2.5 vs. 1.0 days, p = 0.01). Multivariate analyses indicated that necrotizing enterocolitis (17 vs. 7%, p = 0.01) and BPD (79 vs. 55%, p = 0.02) were more frequent in HDI patients. PDA closure rate was 79.0% with HDI versus 65.3% with SDI.

Conclusion HDI used for PDA closure is associated with an increase in necrotizing enterocolitis and BPD. Risks of HDI should be balanced against other treatment options.
Cost-Effectiveness and Budget Impact of Emicizumab Prophylaxis in Haemophilia A Patients with Inhibitors
Authors: Cortesi Paolo Angelo , Castaman Giancarlo , Trifirò Gianluca , Creazzola Simona Serao , Improta Giovanni , Mazzaglia Giampiero , Molinari Angelo Claudio , Mantovani Lorenzo Giovanni
Published: December 2019

Recent evidence demonstrated that weekly prophylaxis with subcutaneous bispecific antibody (emicizumab) has shown higher efficacy in adolescent and adults patients affected by haemophilia A (HA) with inhibitor, compared with patients treated on demand or on prophylaxis with bypassing agents (BPAs). However, no economic evaluations assessing the value and sustainability of emicizumab prophylaxis have been performed in Europe. This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of emicizumab prophylaxis compared with BPA prophylaxis and its possible budget impact from the Italian National Health Service (NHS) perspective. A Markov model and a budget impact model were developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness and budget impact of emicizumab prophylaxis in HA patients with inhibitors. The model was populated using treatment efficacy from clinical trials and key clinical, cost and epidemiological data retrieved through an extensive literature review. Compared with BPAs prophylaxis, emicizumab prophylaxis was found to be more effective (0.94 quality adjusted life-years) and cost saving (–€19.4/–€24.4 million per patient lifetime) in a cohort of 4-year-old patients with HA and inhibitors who failed immune tolerance induction. In the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, emicizumab prophylaxis had always 100% probability of being cost-effective at any threshold. Further, the use of emicizumab prophylaxis was associated to an overall budget reduction of €45.4 million in the next 3 years. In conclusion, the clinically effective emicizumab prophylaxis can be considered a cost-saving treatment for HA with inhibitor patients. Furthermore, emicizumab treatment is also associated to a significant reduction of the health care budget, making this new treatment a sustainable and convenient health care option for Italian NHS.
Vestibular Migraine: Treatment and Prognosis
Authors: von Brevern Michael , Lempert Thomas
Published: December 2019

Treatment of vestibular migraine currently lacks a firm scientific basis, as high quality randomized controlled trials are not available. Therefore, recommendations are largely borrowed from the migraine sphere. The first therapeutic step is explanation and reassurance. Many patients do not need pharmacological treatment, as attacks may be infrequent and tolerable. Acute attacks can be ameliorated in some patients with antiemetic drugs such as diphenhydramine, meclizine, and metoclopramide. Frequent attacks may warrant pharmacological prophylaxis with metoprolol, amitriptyline, topiramate, valproic acid, or flunarizine. Nonpharmacological measures including regular exercise, relaxation techniques, stress management, and biofeedback may be similarly effective and can be combined with a pharmacological approach. Limited data indicate that the prognosis appears to be less favorable for vestibular migraine than for migraine headaches.
Functional Outcome for Arthroscopic Treatment of Septic Arthritis of the Wrist
Authors: Chow Esther M. W. , Lau Jimmy K. Y. , Liyeung Lucci L. C. , Chau W. W. , Mak Michael C. K. , Tse W. L. , Ho P. C.
Published: December 2019

Background Septic arthritis is a potentially joint-destructing condition if not treated properly. Septic wrist accounts for ∼5% of all septic arthritis. Arthroscopic lavage is a well-documented treatment for septic arthritis of the knee, hip, or shoulder only. Previous studies on septic wrist were limited to case reports or retrospective studies focusing on open treatment, and functional outcome was seldom documented. Our study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of arthroscopic treatment and to investigate the functional outcome.

Materials and Methods Patients were retrospectively reviewed over a period of 10 years. Parameters including age, gender, history of prior injury, duration of symptoms, joint aspirates and intraoperative tissue culture, radiological and arthroscopic findings, antibiotics used, number of operations, and hospital stay were reviewed. Functional outcomes were evaluated with QuickDASH (disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand) score.

Results From 2007 to 2016, 14 patients (15 septic wrists) underwent arthroscopic surgery. One patient had bilateral involvement. The average age was 63.9 years and the average duration of symptoms was 6.08 days. Average follow-up time was 10 months. All except two patients (85.7%) responded to single arthroscopic treatment. Two required subsequent operations for concomitant tenosynovitis. There were no major complications. The most common isolated organism was Staphylococcus aureus. Only one case had severe joint erosion during follow-up. The average QuickDASH score was 19.7. Duration of symptoms 5 days or more before admission was associated with higher QuickDASH score (p = 0.04).

Conclusion Early arthroscopic treatment should be considered for all patients admitted for septic arthritis of the wrist if not contraindicated.

Level of Evidence This is a Level III, retrospective review.
Managing Preoperative Hemostasis in Patients with Inherited and Acquired Bleeding Disorders
Authors: Mensah Patrick Kyei , Pavord Sue
Published: December 2019

Inherited and acquired bleeding disorders pose significant hemostatic challenges for surgery. Patients at particular risk of bleeding include those with inherited bleeding disorders such as hemophilia, von Willebrand disease, and platelet function defects; those on antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants; and those with acquired conditions such as immune thrombocytopenic purpura, liver disease, or renal impairment. Each has its own specific challenges and close collaboration between the anesthetic, surgical, and hematology teams is crucial. Optimizing surgical hemostasis for patients at risk involves attention to detail, with careful preoperative planning, meticulous surgical technique, prompt identification of complications and judicious use of hemostatic agents and blood components. This article gives an overview of the bleeding risks involved and therapeutic options to overcome them.
The Role of Platelets in Cancer-Related Bleeding Risk: A Systematic Review
Authors: Larsen Julie Brogaard , Hojbjerg Johanne Andersen , Hvas Anne-Mette
Published: December 2019

Cancer patients face an elevated risk of bleeding, and here platelets play a pivotal role. The association between platelet count and bleeding, as well as safe thresholds for prophylactic platelet transfusion, is described mainly in hematological malignancies, and knowledge is sparse for patients with solid tumors. Platelet function tests may further improve bleeding risk assessment in cancer patients. This study provides a systematic review of the available literature on associations between platelet count and/or function and bleeding in adult cancer patients. The review was performed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched up to August 2019. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's tools were used for quality assessment. In total, 52 studies investigated associations between bleeding and platelet count (n = 40) or function (n = 12) in patients with hematological malignancy (n = 31), solid tumors (n = 11), or both (n = 10). The majority of included studies rated good (n = 23) or fair (n = 25). The association between platelet count and bleeding was most pronounced at platelet counts ≤ 10 × 109/L but was less evident for solid tumors. Overall, reduced platelet function was significantly associated with bleeding risk. Thus, the available evidence supports current guidelines for prophylactic platelet transfusions at platelet count ≤ 10 × 109/L in hematological cancer patients, whereas more evidence is needed in patients with solid tumors. Platelet function analysis may be valuable in assisting bleeding risk assessment in cancer patients but is sparsely investigated so far.
A Review on the Update of Combined Hepatocellular Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Komuta Mina , Yeh Matthew M.
Published: December 2019

Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA) is a primary liver tumor with neoplastic components of both hepatocytic and cholangiocytic differentiation. This unique neoplasm is gaining increasing recognition due to the intriguing pathology, tumor biology, and clinical behavior. It also poses challenges in diagnosis, treatment, and research, largely because of its histological and phenotypic diversity that lead to confusion in terminology and classification. There have been efforts attempting to unify the terminology of this neoplasm recently. Advances in investigation in various aspects have also been made. This review aims to update the terminology, classification, and clinical and pathological characteristics of cHCC-CCA.
Use of quantum effects as potential qualifying metrics for “quantum grade silicon”
Authors: Ramanayaka A. N. , Tang Ke , Hagmann J. A. , Kim Hyun-Soo , Simons D. S. , Richter C. A. , Pomeroy J. M.
Published: December 2019

Across solid state quantum information, material deficiencies limit performance through enhanced relaxation, charge defect motion, or isotopic spin noise. While classical measurements of device performance provide cursory guidance, specific qualifying metrics and measurements applicable to quantum devices are needed. For quantum applications, new material metrics, e.g., enrichment, are needed, while existing classical metrics such as mobility might be relaxed compared to conventional electronics. In this work, we examine locally grown silicon that is superior in enrichment, but inferior in chemical purity compared to commercial-silicon, as part of an effort to underpin the material standards needed for quantum grade silicon and establish a standard approach for the intercomparison of these materials. We use a custom, mass-selected ion beam deposition technique, which has produced isotopic enrichment levels up to 99.999 98% 28Si, to isotopically enrich 28Si, but with chemical purity >99.97% due to the molecular beam epitaxy techniques used. From this epitaxial silicon, we fabricate top-gated Hall bar devices simultaneously on 28Si and on the adjacent natural abundance Si substrate for intercomparison. Using standard-methods, we measure maximum mobilities of ≈(1740 ± 2) cm2/(V s) at an electron density of (2.7 × 1012 ± 3 × 108) cm−2 and ≈(6040 ± 3) cm2/(V s) at an electron density of (1.2 × 1012 ± 5 × 108) cm−2 at T = 1.9 K for devices fabricated on 28Si and natSi, respectively. For magnetic fields B > 2 T, both devices demonstrate well developed Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in the longitudinal magnetoresistance. This provides the transport characteristics of isotopically enriched 28Si and will serve as a benchmark for the classical transport of 28Si at its current state and low temperature, epitaxially grown Si for quantum devices more generally.
Castable solid pressure media for multianvil devices
Authors: Walker David , Li Jie
Published: December 2019

Castable solids from Aremco (http://www.aremco.com/potting-casting-materials/) are convenient media for pressure transmission in multianvil geometries of complex shape. A zirconia-based castable ceramic, Aremco Ceramacast 646, is introduced and compared to MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-based Aremco Ceramacast 584. Ceramacast 646 has some advantages over the widely used Ceramacast 584; these include ease of consistent fabrication and better thermal insulation. Some disadvantages are poorer efficiency in converting press thrust to sample pressure and slower quenching rates. Potential applications are informed by these differences.
Magnetic properties of Fe-1.5wt% Si high-frequency powder cores
Authors: Lee Kwiyoung , Ahn Jonghyeok , Choi Moosung , Lee Dongsup , Kim Jongryoul
Published: December 2019

Electro-magnetic devices, such as motors and inductors, have been continuously required to increase their operation frequency for high efficiency. To satisfy this requirement, Fe-Si powder cores with high electrical resistance have been attracted much attention although they have lower permeability than Fe-Si electrical steels. With increasing the Si content, the ductility of Fe-Si alloy sharply decreases, which further lowers the density and magnetic properties of cores. In this study, we aimed to fabricate Fe-Si powder cores with higher saturation magnetization and lower loss in 1 ∼ 10 kHz range compared with commercial products. As a result, fabricated Fe-1.5wt% Si@Fe3(PO4)2 cores reached a 98% theoretical density and showed a magnetic flux density of 1.65 T at 10000 A/m and a core loss of 176.8 W/kg at 1 T @ 2 kHz.
Millikelvin-compatible apparatus for studies of quantum materials under uniaxial stress
Authors: Davino Donovan , Franklin Jacob , Sochnikov Ilya
Published: December 2019

Various new phenomena emerge in quantum materials under elastic deformations, such as hydrostatic or uniaxial stresses. In particular, using uniaxial strain or stress can help to tune or uncover specific structural or electronic orders in materials with multiple coexisting phases. Those phases may be associated with a quantum phase transition requiring a millikelvin environment combined with multiple experimental probes. Here, we describe our unique apparatus, which allows in situ tuning of strain in large samples inside a dilution refrigerator while the samples are monitored via an optical microscope. We describe the engineering details and show some typical results of characterizing superconducting strontium titanate under stress. This letter should serve as a practical reference for experts in ultra-low temperature experimental physics involving uniaxial stresses or strains.
Aspect ratio dependence of the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient Ke of the transverse vibration mode for a piezoelectric rectangular thin plate
Authors: Ji Bocheng , Wang Chunying , Hong Lianjin , Sang Yongjie , Lan Yu
Published: December 2019

In this paper, the apparent elasticity method is used to derive the transverse effective electromechanical coupling coefficient Ke of a piezoelectric rectangular thin plate with an arbitrary aspect ratio G (defined as the ratio of the two transverse dimensions). A unified formula Ke with regard to G is obtained, and the dependence of Ke on G is presented and discussed. The results show that, at G = 1 (square thin plate), Ke drops to 0 at the low-frequency branch, whereas it reaches its maximum value at the high-frequency branch. It is proposed that the maximum value of Ke corresponds to the planar vibration mode. In addition, thin plates made of the PZT-4 ceramic with different aspect ratios were fabricated and measured to check the validity of the above method. For the low-frequency branch of Ke, the experimental results were consistent with the trend of the theoretical values. For the high-frequency branch of Ke within the range of 0.2 ≤ G ≤ 0.55 and 1.82 ≤ G ≤ 5, however, the experimental results exhibited large deviations compared with the theoretical values owing to the negative influence of disturbing resonances. In contrast, the experimental results within the range of 0.6 ≤ G ≤ 1.67 were in good agreement with the theoretical values and reached a maximum value at G = 1. It is suggested that the piezoelectric plates with 0.6 ≤ G ≤ 1.67 should be preferred for practical applications due to their undisturbed high-frequency resonances with high values of Ke.
Molecule-made electron spin pair executes quantum gate
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: December 2019

Donor-chromophore-acceptor molecule generates an electron spin pair that can run a controlled-NOT gate, a critical step on the path to realizing quantum computing.
Anisotropic turbulence of kinetic Alfvén waves and heating in solar corona
Authors: Dinesh Singh Hemam , Singh Jatav Bheem
Published: December 2019

Understanding solar coronal heating has been one of the unresolved problems in solar physics in spite of the many theories that have been developed to explain it. Past observational studies suggested that kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs) may be responsible for solar coronal heating by accelerating the charged particles in solar plasma. In this paper, we investigated the transient dynamics of KAWs with modified background density due to ponderomotive force and Joule heating. A numerical simulation based on pseudo-spectral method was applied to study the evolution of KAW magnetic coherent structures and generation of magnetic turbulence. Using different initial conditions in simulations, the dependence of KAW dynamics on the nature of inhomogeneous solar plasma was thoroughly investigated. The saturated magnetic power spectra follow Kolmogorov scaling ofk−5/3in the inertial range, then followed by steep anisotropic scaling in the dissipation range. The KAW has anisotropy ofk∥∝k⊥0.53,k∥∝k⊥0.50,k∥∝k⊥0.83andk∥∝k⊥0.30depending on the kind of initial conditions of inhomogeneity. The power spectra of magnetic field fluctuations showing the spectral anisotropy in wavenumber space indicate that the nonlinear interactions may be redistributing the energy anisotropically among higher modes of the wavenumber. Therefore, anisotropic turbulence can be considered as one of the candidates responsible for the particle energization and heating of the solar plasmas.
Soil chemical properties and corn productivity as affected by application of different types of fertilizer and planting method in acid sulfate soil
Authors: Hanifa H , Utami S N H , Wulandari C , Yusuf W A
Published: December 2019

Acid sulfate soil is use as an alternative in optimizing suboptimal land to achieve corn self-sufficiency. Balanced fertilization plays an important role in efforts to improve corn yields. This study aimed to determine the effect of planting methods and optimal dose of fertilization. This research was carried out in potential acid sulfate soils with B type overflow. This study was arranged in factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consist of 2 factors. The first factor was the planting method consist of Zigzag, Legowo and Conventional planting methods. The second factor was the fertilizer types comprising NPK phonska 450 kg ha−1 + urea 300 kg ha−1 + SP36 300 kg ha−1, NPK mutiara 450 kg ha−1 + urea 300 kg ha−1 + SP36 300 kg ha−1, Urea 450 kg ha−1 + SP36 300 kg ha−1 + KCl 300 kg ha−1, and NPK phonska 300 kg ha−1 + SP36 300 kg ha−1. The results showed that the application of different types of fertilizer and planting methods could improve pH in all treatments from very acidic to acidic. pH, EC, and Eh of acid sulfate soils at 70 and 100 days after planting (dap) were not affected by the interaction between different types of fertilizer and planting methods. Total N content in Zigzag planting method was significantly lower compared to in Conventional planting methods. Meanwhile, available P increased to very high. The Exchangeable K content was only increased in the fertilizer treatment with the addition of KCl reaching a value of 0.42 cmol + kg−1 at 30 dap. Zigzag planting method significantly increased corn yield to 31% higher than in Legowo planting method and 16% higher than in the Conventional planting method. The application of fertilizer with a mixture of KCl significantly increased corn yield to 26.25%. Therefore, the Zigzag planting method and fertilizer with KCl mixture are recommended for corn cultivation in acid sulfate soils.
Effects of NPK and mycorrhizae on the growth, P uptake of soybean, and soil chemist in peatland, Pelalawan, Riau
Authors: Sasongko S R , Utami S N H , Purwanto B H
Published: December 2019

Peatlands have great potential if they are used as agricultural lands. However, more attention is necessary for the management of water, soil pH, and the provision of nutrients. This research was conducted to determine the growth and P uptake of soybean plants on peatland as affected by fertilizer treatment and mycorrhizae application in soybean plants. The study was conducted in the peatland of Pelalawan Village, Pelalawan District, Pelalawan Regency, Riau using soybean plants cultivar Anjasmoro. The research was arranged in a complete randomized complete block design consisting of two factors. The first factor was fertilizer treated, comprising N1 (no fertilizer), N2 (150 kg ha−1 compound NPK fertilizer), and N3 (300 kg ha−1 compound NPK fertilizer). Meanwhile, the second factor was application of mycorrhizae comprising M1 (without mycorrhizae) and M2 (with mycorrhizae). Each treatment combination consisted of three replications. The data were analyzed with analysis of variance at a 5% confidence level and tested using DMRT test. The results showed that combination of mycorrhizae and NPK 300 kg ha−1 gave the best effect from other treatement on the growth, P uptake of soybean and the soil chemist.
Improved black soybean performances grown on selected highly weathered soils by using bio-nano-ortho silicic acid
Authors: Goenadi D H , Santi L P , Dariah A , Barus Y , Kalbuadi D N
Published: December 2019

The objectives of the study were to determine the potential use of bio-nano-ortho silicic acid (OSA) originated from locally mineral enriched with silica-solubilizing microbes to improve yield, reduce chemical fertilizer dosage, and increase water use efficiency (WUE) of black soybean grown on selected highly weathered soils. The first-year (2017) study was conducted at Majalengka and Natar area and arranged in a random block design (RBD) with three replicates, using a Detam-1 variety. Treatments of NPK fertilizers were 0, 50, 75, and 100% of standard recommended dosages in combination with 0, 2, 4, and 6 L bio-nano OSA Ha−1. In general, application of 4 L bio-nano OSA Ha−1 saved 32% NPK fertilizer dosage and improved growth and yield of Detam-1. The second year (2018) trials consisted of no fertilization (P0), farmer standard NPK fertilization (P1), P1 + organic matter (P2), 4 L bio-nano OSA Ha−1 + NPK (P1), 50% (P3); and 75% (P4) respectively, arranged in a RBD with three replicates at three regions, i.e. Majalengka (Alfisols), Natar (Ultisols), and Indramayu (Alfisols). The results confirmed that the application of bio-nano OSA at 4 L Ha−1 improved nutrient use and WUE as well as yield of Detam-1 on all three soils studied.
Total microbes and soil respiration on land without applications and with the application of oil palm empty fruit bunches in different depths
Authors: Sakiah
Published: December 2019

Oil palm empty fruit bunches as a by-product of palm oil fresh fruit bunches processing are generally applied in oil palm plantation areas. This research aim was to determine the effect of oil palm empty fruit bunches application on total microbes and soil respiration. This research used a factorial randomized block design. Factor I is the sampling area, consisting of areas without application and area with the application of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB). Factor II is the depth of soil sampling, consisting of a depth of 0-10 cm, depth of 10-20 cm, depth of 20-30 cm and depth of 30-40 cm. The total microbes in the area with OPEFB application were 33.373 × 106 CFU ml−1 with soil respiration of 2.257 mg CO2 day−1. On land without OPEFB application, total microbes were 16.64 × 106 CFU ml−1 with soil respiration of 12.20 mg CO2 day−1. On differences in the depth of soil sampling, the highest total microbes were found at a depth of 10-20 cm i.e. 33.998 × 106 with soil respiration of 19.14 mg CO2 day−1. The application of oil palm empty fruit bunches had a positive contribution to increase total microbes and respiration in the soil.
The impact of ridge direction and latex on the yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum l.) in typic hapludands, Pengalengan, West Java
Authors: Siswanto S Y , Achmad T P , Sule M I S
Published: December 2019

The objective of this experiment was to find out the effect of ridge direction and latex soil conditioner on potatoes yields on Typic Hapludands from Pangalengan. The experiment was conducted in Pangalengan, with elevation 1,600 meters above sea level and 30% of slope steepness. The experiment used a split plot design with 12 treatments and three replications. The main plot ridge direction consists of: in line with slope direction, in line with contour, and diagonal. The sub plot was latex concentration level as follow: 0%, 0.6%, 1.2% and 1.8%. The result of the experiment showed that there was no interaction effect between ridge direction and latex soil conditioner. The independent effect of latex just influenced potatoes yields. Potatoes yield of latex 0%, 0.6%,1.2% and 1.8% was 72.97 kg was 74.47 kg, 75.14 kg and 76.48 kg, respectively.