bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assistive technology for people with visual disability: Future prospects through a technology foresight exercise
Authors: Cabral Bernardo , Amorim Inara , Silva Daniel , Santana Islaine , Carvalho Fernanda , Cordeiro Vinícius
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:

In recent years, with ever-improving technology, considerable progress has been made in the approaches available to develop mobility assistive technology systems.

OBJECTIVE:

This paper aims to anticipate the future of assistive technologies of navigation and mobility for people with severe visual disabilities in the next twenty years (2021–2041).

METHODS:

We conducted a technology foresight exercise by identifying promising technologies and invited over 20,000 researchers worldwide to share their views on the future of assistive technologies for people with visual impairment. The technologies and respondents were identified from specialized journals indexed on Web of Science.

RESULTS:

Most respondents believe computer vision will be the most important assistive technology group for mobility and navigation for visually impaired people, especially with haptic feedback. They also believe that voice and vibrotactile are the most relevant feedback and that glasses and smartphones will be the most important tools for visual impairment support.

CONCLUSIONS:

While costs and lack of user training may hamper the development and use of these new technologies, they represent the future of assistive technology for people with visual impairments.
SEPARATE BEHAVIORAL INDICES WITHIN THE PROGRAM-ORIENTED APPROACH
Authors:   Lviv University of Business and Law, Filiak Maksym , Zavadovska Yuliia ,   Lviv University of Business and Law
Published: July 2023

The war in Ukraine exacerbated certain behavioral reactions of the social groups selected for the study. The city, as a complex socio-economic mechanism, has the opportunity to monitor the manifestations of atypical reactions of these groups and, based on these manifestations, to determine indicators of long-term and preventive impact. The authors argue that such indicators are currently lacking in long-term planning systems of large cities, especially for wartime planning and management as a high-risk, dynamic context. Examples of the manifestations of two characteristic indicators are given, which relate to certain social groups exposed to the influence of increased mental stress caused by such a phenomenon as war. The research methodology is empirical, as well as based on focus group discussions and document analysis. 3 types of index frameworks are considered, namely: the context of wartime work planning, the index of coverage of members of society with incomplete functionality, as well as the mechanism of long-term forecasting in response to changes in external factors. According to the authors, the need for careful planning in situations of high uncertainty makes the risk factor and especially its impact component among the priorities for analysis and decision-making. That is, if the risk is high and the consequences are dire, you should engage in the potentially risk-generating direction first. During the war, you will have several such directions, from which you can select those that, in case of implementation, carry the largest risk impact and the moderate, “background” risk impact. With regards to the members of society with incomplete functionality, it is good to display regulatory signs such as "red flags" or "blind spots" which will allow to either focus their attention on something important, or limit their view so that they are not distracted, so there is a chance to prevent further destruction. With regards to the priorities of the economic behavior of households that formed based on the undistributed income available to them and on new/existing regulatory norms or other "windows of opportunity" in the market, this significant factor for the development of the city shall be analyzed preventively because some household purchases can significantly affect the ecosystem of the city and ultimately its economy.
PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF TECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTION CYCLE COMPLETION AT THE LIQUIDATION STAGE OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES BANKRUPTCY
Authors:   The Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University of Cherkassy, Nazarenko Sergey , Plesiuk Oleksii ,   The Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University of Cherkassy
Published: July 2023

The dynamism of business environment creates the need for theoretical development and practical implementation of more effective measures of organizing the liquidation stage of bankruptcy. This issue is considered the features of the technological production cycle completion at the liquidation stage of bankruptcy of Ukraine’s agricultural enterprises. The normative and legal framework, which regulates the liquidation stage of bankruptcy of Ukraine’s agricultural enterprises, is considered. The regulation of agricultural enterprises’ bankruptcy of various organizational and legal forms is characterized. The existing disadvantages of implementation of agricultural enterprises’ bankruptcy in Ukraine at the stage of technological production cycle completion are highlighted, in particular such as: lack of access to information about financial and economic activities, material values, inventory results; detection, identification and ensuring crop preservation on the bankrupt's land plots. There are considered some difficulties that arise in the process of managing and disposing of agricultural enterprise’s property in bankruptcy procedure. The purpose of the article is to determine the role of completion of technological production cycle at the liquidation stage of agricultural enterprise’s bankruptcy in the context of ensuring operational efficiency and full coverage of creditors' requirements in Ukraine. The essence of liquidation mass in bankruptcy procedure is characterized. There are considered the main channels of obtaining information by arbitration administrator regarding the actual state of bankrupt's financial condition (in particular, statistical and financial reporting). The essence of the debtor's ripe harvest as his asset (current biological assets) is characterized. The legal status of the debtor's unharvested ripe crop is considered. There is informed about the characteristics of debtor's harvest inventory. There is characterized the possible options for disposal of debtor's ripe unharvested crop, revealed by inventory. The features of sale the debtor's ripe unharvested crop are considered. The algorithm of liquidator’s actions in case of bankruptcy of domestic agricultural enterprises is formed.
SOME ASPECTS OF HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Scienсes of Ukraine, Golovnina Olena , Galtsova Olha ,   Сlassical Private University, Sоmkіnа Тetiana ,   State University of Telecommunications, Slava Svitlana ,   Uzhhorod National University
Published: July 2023

The article considers the key aspects of the formation and development of human capital. The approaches are analyzed and the definition of human capital as a socio-economic category is formulated. The factors of formation, development and management of human capital are determined. Effective state management of the development of human capital requires the definition of conceptual foundations for improving theoretical and methodological tools. The theoretical and methodological foundations of the formation and development of human capital are formulated on the basis of dialectics, systematicity, the law of the general development of the system and the forms of its manifestation. Methodological patterns of formation and development of human capital are formed. The classification of the human capital structure was carried out in accordance with the formation of the general principles of human capital management and investment principles. The structure of human capital is classified according to the following characteristics: by constituent elements, by types of goods, by levels of management, by temporary changes, by subjects of management and investment. It is proved that the management of the development and investment of human capital is based on its elemental structure with the allocation of a system of private, collective and public goods and the differentiation of components with a time characteristic of the activity of use. The component approach to the formation of the structure of human capital determined the consideration of the following elements: capitalized contribution to the development of future generations, physiological, entrepreneurial, intellectual, social capital, transactional effect, effects of corporate rights and public goods. An improved concept of the «knowledge-based society» based on the proposal to introduce an additional component of institutionalization with the components «labor», «capital», «institutions». The foundations and factors of the formation and development of human capital, the mechanism of functioning of human capital in the economic system are studied in detail.
Evaluation of Loblolly Pine Mechanical Pulps for LWC Paper
Authors: YUAN ZHIRUN , HEITNER CYRIL
Published: July 2023

"Although the wood cost of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) is lower than that of northern softwoods due to its fast growth rate and suitability for plantation harvesting, loblolly pine mechanical pulps tend to have poor quality and are mainly used in low-value grades such as newsprint. Our recent studies have shown that low-intensity refining or chemical pretreatments can significantly improve the mature pine pulp quality and make it possible to use this pulp in high-value grades like lightweight coated paper (LWC). In this report, we present our evaluation of the use of bleached low-intensity mature loblolly pine thermomechanical pulp, bleached mature pine chemi-thermomechanical pulp, and bleached juvenile pine thermomechanical pulp in LWC paper, focusing on basesheet structure and surface roughness as well as their effect on coating quality and printability. Results show that, compared to a control sheet using a commercial spruce/aspen bleached thermomechanical pulp, it is possible to use loblolly pine mechanical pulps in LWC furnish. However, pre-calendering is the key to reduce sheet porosity and surface roughness in order to attain good coating holdout and uniform coverage."
Tailoring softwood kraft pulp properties by fractionation and refining
Authors: EL-SHARKAWY KHALIL , KOSKENHELY KARI , PAULAPURO HANNU
Published: July 2023

Fractionation of softwood pulp offers potential for different products with different strength properties. In this study, fractionation was done in two stages: coarse screening with a 1.6mm-diameter hole screen, followed by a 0.15mm slot screen. The rejects of first-stage coarse screening, which have the highest average fiber length and coarseness, were tested with low and high SEL refining. Refining with a low specific edge load was beneficial for preserving the fiber length and tear index of the rejects. The refining energy input was higher, however, than in refining with a high specific edge load, when compared at a certain tensile index. The rejects from the two screens were mixed to test optimum filling and refining conditions. Conical filling with low bar-edge cutting speed resulted in gentle treatment with less fiber cutting and better tear index, but required more refining energy for a certain tensile index level. Narrow-bar disc filling with high cutting speed was more energy efficient and low SEL refining produced less fiber cutting. The accept fraction had a low average fiber length and contained more short and thin fibers and fines. The accepts were used to modify once-dried kraft pulp before refining by replacing a certain percentage of the pulp. The modified pulp consumed less energy when refined to the same tensile index and increased the internal Scott bond strength of the original pulp. Fractionation shows good potential for tailoring soft-wood pulp for different products with different strength properties and can serve as a flexible tool in getting the most out of available raw materials.
An Assessment of Gasification-Based Biorefining at Kraft Pulp and Paper Mills in the United States, Part A: Background and Assumptions
Authors: LARSON ERIC D. , CONSONNI STEFANO , KATOFSKY RYAN E. , IISA KRISTIINA , FREDERICK, JR. W. JAMES
Published: July 2023

Commercialization of black liquor and biomass gasification technologies is anticipated in the 2010–2015 time frame, and synthesis gas from gasifiers can be converted into liquid fuels using catalytic synthesis technologies that are already commercially established in the gas-to-liquids or coal-to-liquids industries. This set of two papers describes key results from a major assessment of the prospective energy, environmental, and financial performance of commercial gasification-based biorefineries integrated with kraft pulp and paper mills [1]. Seven detailed biorefinery designs were developed for a reference mill in the southeastern United States, together with the associated mass/energy balances, air emissions estimates, and capital investment requirements. The biorefineries provide chemical recovery services and co-produce process steam for the mill, some electricity, and one of three liquid fuels: a Fischer-Tropsch synthetic crude oil (which could be refined to vehicle fuels at an existing petroleum refinery), dimethyl ether (a diesel engine fuel or propane substitute), or an ethanol-rich mixed-alcohol product. This paper describes the key assumptions that underlie the biorefinery designs. Part B will present analytical results.
Influence of mechanical pulp fines on clay retention
Authors: LIIMATAINEN HENRIKKI , TAIPALE TERO , HAAPALA ANTTI , NIINIMAKI JOUKO
Published: July 2023

We investigated deposition of clay filler on fibrillar and flake-like fines and long fibers of mechanical pulp to study the effects of the fines on filler retention. The role of different retention mechanisms was illustrated by comparing clay retention in deposition and filtration experiments. The amount of clay deposited varied significantly between the pulp fractions in the presence of polymeric flocculants. Cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) promoted filler deposition on fines, especially flake-like fines, more than on long fibers. Presumably, this was due to the high surface area and surface charge density of fines, which increase their bonding strength with polymer chains. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) slightly increased the deposition of clay on fines but started to disperse the clay, and especially the fines, as the polymer dose increased. PEO releases small particles from the fines that exist as bundles or entanglements in the suspension. When the deposition-based retention mechanism and the filtration-based mechanism were compared, mechanical attachment of clay in the filter cake had a significant effect on its retention. Also, long fibers are better able to form a filter layer on the screen than fines, which in turn adsorb more filler through chemical interactions.
Examining interrelationships between caliper, bending, and tensile stiffness of paper in testing validation
Authors: CARSON CANTWELL G. , POPIL ROMAN E.
Published: July 2023

"Researchers made a series of physical property measurements for various types of common paper and laminate products to obtain a wide range of basis weight, caliper, and other values. Several different techniques were used to obtain the same property results to examine differences. Specifically, tensile stiffness, bending stiffness, in-plane moduli, and soft- and hard-platen caliper were examined critically and shown to be interrelated through simple calculations. Ultrasonically measured stiffnesses and moduli were also used to verify the relative values of the measured properties. Comparison of measured to calculated bending stiffness is shown to be a method for validating measurement methods for lightweight low-stiffness samples in terms of selecting a proper test
span and deflection when results from a chosen technique become questionable."
Current Concepts in the Treatment of Traumatic C2 Vertebral Fracture : A Literature Review
Authors: Lee Subum , Hur Junseok W , Oh Younggyu , An Sungjae , Yun Gi-Yong , Ahn Jae-Min
Published: July 2023

The integrity of the high cervical spine, the transition zone from the brainstem to the spinal cord, is crucial for survival and daily life. The region protects the enclosed neurovascular structure and allows a substantial portion of the head motion. Injuries of the high cervical spine are frequent, and the fractures of the C2 vertebra account for approximately 17–25% of acute cervical fractures. We review the two major types of C2 vertebral fractures, odontoid fracture and Hangman’s fracture. For both types of fractures, favorable outcomes could be obtained if the delicately selected conservative treatment is performed. In odontoid fractures, as the most common fracture on the C2 vertebrae, anterior screw fixation is considered first for type II fractures, and C1–2 fusion is suggested when nonunion is a concern or occurs. Hangman's fractures are the second most common fracture. Many stable extension type I and II fractures can be treated with external immobilization, whereas the predominant flexion type IIA and III fractures require surgical stabilization. No result proves that either anterior or posterior surgery is superior, and the surgeon should decide on the surgical method after careful consideration according to each clinical situation. This review will briefly describe the basic principles and current treatment concepts of C2 fractures.
The Prime Principle In Clusters And Nanostructures
Authors:   China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, P. O. Box 142-206, Beijing 100854, P. R. China, Chun-Xuan Jiang
Published: July 2023

Why we have five fingers. We suggest two principles: (1) the prime principle and (2) the symmetric principle. We prove that 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 23, 47, and 2, 4, 6, 10, 14, 22, 46, 94 are the most stable numbers, which are the basic building-blocks in clusters and nanostructures. The prime principle is the mathematical foundations for clusters and nanosciences. It is a theory of everything.
Rejecting The Marxian Conjecture Of A Falling Rate Of Profit
Authors:   Istituto di Ricerca sulla Crescita Economica Sostenibile del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IRCrES-CNR), via dei Taurini 19 - 00185 Roma, Italy, De Marchi Mario
Published: July 2023

In this article, the vexata quaestio concerning a supposed, spontaneous propensity of the rate of profit to fall along with the technological progress is dealt with. In the end it is found out that no such a general trend might easily be supposed: plausibly, no propensity may be expected at all, either towards a fall or an increase.
High throughput Luminex beads based multiplex assay for identification of six major bacterial pathogens of mastitis in dairy animals
Authors: Shrinet Garima , Chhabra Rajesh , Sharma Archana , Batra Kanisht , Talukdar Saurabh Jyoti , Maan Sushila
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Bovine mastitis is caused by over 150 different microorganisms. Specific identification and quantification of multiple bacteria in a single milk sample becomes essential for rapid intervention.

Methods

In the present study a Luminex beads based multiplex assay emphasizing on the precise identification of six major bacterial pathogens of mastitis was developed. Assay was developed in two triplex sets, triplex 1 comprised of Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus uberis while triplex 2 consisted of Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Results

The analytical sensitivity was 10 6 copies per reaction mixture for all the six bacteria. A 100% analytical specificity was observed for simultaneous detection of these bacteria. Clinical milk samples from 100 bovine quarters were tested for validation.

Discussion

The analytical sensitivity was similar to the findings reported earlier in real time PCR multiplex assay targeting the DNA of the 11 most common bacterial species or groups in mastitis. The analytical specificity of the optimized assay was 100% similar to reported earlier for simultaneous detection of Mycoplasma spp. and for seven entric viruses of humans.The developed assay indicates a concept proof of a rapid, cost effective high throughput diagnostic tool for identification of major bacteria causing mastitis.
A common statement on anthropogenic hybridization of the European wildcat (Felis silvestris)
Authors: Nussberger Beatrice , Barbosa Soraia , Beaumont Mark , Currat Mathias , Devillard Sébastien , Heurich Marco , Howard-McCombe Jo , Mattucci Federica , Nowak Carsten , Quilodrán Claudio Sebastián , Senn Helen , Alves Paulo Célio ,   EUROWILDCAT Consortium
Published: July 2023

Preserving natural genetic diversity and ecological function of wild species is a central goal in conservation biology. As such, anthropogenic hybridization is considered a threat to wild populations, as it can lead to changes in the genetic makeup of wild species and even to the extinction of wild genomes. In European wildcats, the genetic and ecological impacts of gene flow from domestic cats are mostly unknown at the species scale. However, in small and isolated populations, it is known to include genetic swamping of wild genomes. In this context, it is crucial to better understand the dynamics of hybridization across the species range, to inform and implement management measures that maintain the genetic diversity and integrity of the European wildcat. In the present paper, we aim to provide an overview of the current scientific understanding of anthropogenic hybridization in European wildcats, to clarify important aspects regarding the evaluation of hybridization given the available methodologies, and to propose guidelines for management and research priorities.
Design and development of a peristaltic pump for constant flow applications
Authors: Ferretti Patrich , Pagliari Curzio , Montalti Andrea , Liverani Alfredo
Published: July 2023

In wide-ranging areas, including hydraulics, biomedical, automotive, and aerospace, there is often a need to move a fluid with a constant flow rate. This is difficult to achieve with any type of pump and usually other elements are inserted to regularize the output. This study focused on the peristaltic pump because there are few studies on it and it has some interesting features, such as extreme simplicity, a small number of components, and the extreme compactness of the whole system. The first part of this study is focused on analyzing the classical geometry of the peristaltic pump to understand the origin of the discontinuity in the flow rate; the second part proposes a new geometry that mitigates the flow irregularity by more than 200%. In this way, it is possible to use it in all the sectors where a constant flow rate is required but where insulation between the fluid and the machine is required. Together with the flow study, an analysis of how the main geometric parameters affect the operation of the pump is provided, complete with explanatory graphs and tables. A prototype made through additive manufacturing technologies is also proposed.
Using mixed reality technique combines multimodal imaging signatures to adjuvant glioma photodynamic therapy
Authors: Dong Jiawei , Wang Fang , Xu Yuyun , Gao Xin , Zhao Hongtao , Zhang Jiheng , Wang Nan , Liu Zhihui , Yan Xiuwei , Jin Jiaqi , Ji Hang , Cheng Ruiqi , Wang Lihai , Qiu Zhaowen , Hu Shaoshan
Published: July 2023

Background

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) promotes significant tumor regression and extends the lifetime of patients. The actual operation of PDT often relies on the subjective judgment of experienced neurosurgeons. Patients can benefit more from precisely targeting PDT’s key operating zones.

Methods

We used magnetic resonance imaging scans and created 3D digital models of patient anatomy. Multiple images are aligned and merged in STL format. Neurosurgeons use HoloLens to import reconstructions and assist in PDT execution. Also, immunohistochemistry was used to explore the association of hyperperfusion sites in PDT of glioma with patient survival.

Results

We constructed satisfactory 3D visualization of glioma models and accurately localized the hyperperfused areas of the tumor. Tumor tissue taken in these areas was rich in CD31, VEGFA and EGFR that were associated with poor prognosis in glioma patients. We report the first study using MR technology combined with PDT in the treatment of glioma. Based on this model, neurosurgeons can focus PDT on the hyperperfused area of the glioma. A direct benefit was expected for the patients in this treatment.

Conclusion

Using the Mixed Reality technique combines multimodal imaging signatures to adjuvant glioma PDT can better exploit the vascular sealing effect of PDT on glioma.
U mobilization and associated U isotope fractionation by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria
Authors: Rosendahl C. D. , Roebbert Y. , Schippers A. , Weyer S.
Published: July 2023

Uranium (U) contamination of the environment causes high risk to health, demanding for effective and sustainable remediation. Bioremediation via microbial reduction of soluble U(VI) is generating high fractions (>50%) of insoluble non-crystalline U(IV) which, however, might be remobilized by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. In this study, the efficacy of Acidithiobacillus (At.) ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus (T.) denitrificans to mobilize non-crystalline U(IV) and associated U isotope fractionation were investigated. At. ferrooxidans mobilized between 74 and 91% U after 1 week, and U mobilization was observed for both, living and inactive cells. Contrary to previous observations, no mobilization by T. denitrificans could be observed. Uranium mobilization by At. ferrooxidans did not cause U isotope fractionation suggesting that U isotope ratio determination is unsuitable as a direct proxy for bacterial U remobilization. The similar mobilization capability of active and inactive At. ferrooxidans cells suggests that the mobilization is based on the reaction with the cell biomass. This study raises doubts about the long-term sustainability of in-situ bioremediation measures at U-contaminated sites, especially with regard to non-crystalline U(IV) being the main component of U bioremediation.
Isolation of phosphorus-hyperaccumulating microalgae from revolving algal biofilm (RAB) wastewater treatment systems
Authors: Schaedig Eric , Cantrell Michael , Urban Chris , Zhao Xuefei , Greene Drew , Dancer Jens , Gross Michael , Sebesta Jacob , Chou Katherine J. , Grabowy Jonathan , Gross Martin , Kumar Kuldip , Yu Jianping
Published: July 2023

Excess phosphorus (P) in wastewater effluent poses a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems and can spur harmful algal blooms. Revolving algal biofilm (RAB) systems are an emerging technology to recover P from wastewater before discharge into aquatic ecosystems. In RAB systems, a community of microalgae take up and store wastewater P as polyphosphate as they grow in a partially submerged revolving biofilm, which may then be harvested and dried for use as fertilizer in lieu of mined phosphate rock. In this work, we isolated and characterized a total of 101 microalgae strains from active RAB systems across the US Midwest, including 82 green algae, 9 diatoms, and 10 cyanobacteria. Strains were identified by microscopy and 16S/18S ribosomal DNA sequencing, cryopreserved, and screened for elevated P content (as polyphosphate). Seven isolated strains possessed at least 50% more polyphosphate by cell dry weight than a microalgae consortium from a RAB system, with the top strain accumulating nearly threefold more polyphosphate. These top P-hyperaccumulating strains include the green alga Chlamydomonas pulvinata TCF-48 g and the diatoms Eolimna minima TCF-3d and Craticula molestiformis TCF-8d, possessing 11.4, 12.7, and 14.0% polyphosphate by cell dry weight, respectively. As a preliminary test of strain application for recovering P, Chlamydomonas pulvinata TCF-48 g was reinoculated into a bench-scale RAB system containing Bold basal medium. The strain successfully recolonized the system and recovered twofold more P from the medium than a microalgae consortium from a RAB system treating municipal wastewater. These isolated P-hyperaccumulating microalgae may have broad applications in resource recovery from various waste streams, including improving P removal from wastewater.
Potential enhancement of post-stroke angiogenic response by targeting the oligomeric aggregation of p53 protein
Authors: Tam Hoi Hei , Zhu Dongxing , Ho Samuel Sze King , Vong Heng Wai , Wong Vincent Kam Wai , Mok Simon Wing-Fai , Wong Io Nam
Published: July 2023

Tumor suppressor gene p53 and its aggregate have been found to be involved in many angiogenesis-related pathways. We explored the possible p53 aggregation formation mechanisms commonly occur after ischemic stroke, such as hypoxia and the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The angiogenic pathways involving p53 mainly occur in nucleus or cytoplasm, with one exception that occurs in mitochondria. Considering the high mitochondrial density in brain and endothelial cells, we proposed that the cyclophilin D (CypD)-dependent vascular endothelial cell (VECs) necrosis pathway occurring in the mitochondria is one of the major factors that affects angiogenesis. Hence, targeting p53 aggregation, a key intermediate in the pathway, could be an alternative therapeutic target for post-stroke management.
LASSI-L detects early cognitive changes in pre-motor manifest Huntington’s disease: a replication and validation study
Authors: Sierra Luis A. , Hughes Shelby B. , Ullman Clementina J. , Hall Andrew , Pandeya Sarbesh R. , Schubert Robin , Frank Samuel A. , Halko Mark A. , Corey-Bloom Jody , Laganiere Simon
Published: July 2023

Background and objectives

Cognitive decline is an important early sign in pre-motor manifest Huntington’s disease (preHD) and is characterized by deficits across multiple domains including executive function, psychomotor processing speed, and memory retrieval. Prior work suggested that the Loewenstein-Acevedo Scale for Semantic Interference and Learning (LASSI-L)–a verbal learning task that simultaneously targets these domains - could capture early cognitive changes in preHD. The current study aimed to replicate, validate and further analyze the LASSI-L in preHD using larger datasets.

Methods

LASSI-L was administered to 50 participants (25 preHD and 25 Healthy Controls) matched for age, education, and sex in a longitudinal study of disease progression and compared to performance on MMSE, Trail A & B, SCWT, SDMT, Semantic Fluency (Animals), and CVLT-II. Performance was then compared to a separate age-education matched-cohort of 25 preHD participants. Receiver operating curve (ROC) and practice effects (12 month interval) were investigated. Group comparisons were repeated using a preHD subgroup restricted to participants predicted to be far from diagnosis (Far subgroup), based on CAG-Age-Product scaled (CAPs) score. Construct validity was assessed through correlations with previously established measures of subcortical atrophy.

Results

PreHD performance on all sections of the LASSI-L was significantly different from controls. The proactive semantic interference section (PSI) was sensitive (p = 0.0001, d = 1.548), similar across preHD datasets (p = 1.0), reliable on test–retest over 12 months (spearman rho = 0.88; p = <0.00001) and associated with an excellent area under ROC (AUROC) of 0.855. In the preHD Far subgroup comparison, PSI was the only cognitive assessment to survive FDR < 0.05 (p = 0.03). The number of intrusions on PSI was negatively correlated with caudate volume.

Discussion

The LASSI-L is a sensitive, reliable, efficient tool for detecting cognitive decline in preHD. By using a unique verbal learning test paradigm that simultaneously targets executive function, processing speed and memory retrieval, the LASSI-L outperforms many other established tests and captures early signs of cognitive impairment. With further longitudinal validation, the LASSI-L could prove to be a useful biomarker for clinical research in preHD.
PlexinD1 signaling controls domain-specific dendritic development in newborn neurons in the postnatal olfactory bulb
Authors: Sawada Masato , Hamaguchi Ayato , Mano Naomichi , Yoshida Yutaka , Uemura Akiyoshi , Sawamoto Kazunobu
Published: July 2023

Newborn neurons show immature bipolar morphology and continue to migrate toward their destinations. After the termination of migration, newborn neurons undergo spatially controlled dendrite formation and change into a complex morphology. The mechanisms of dendritic development of newborn neurons have not been fully understood. Here, we show that in the postnatal olfactory bulb (OB), the Sema3E-PlexinD1 signaling, which maintains bipolar morphology of newborn neurons, also regulates their dendritic development after the termination of migration in a dendritic domain-specific manner. Genetic ablation of Sema3E or PlexinD1 enhanced dendritic branching in the proximal domain of the apical dendrites of OB newborn granule cells, whereas PlexinD1 overexpression suppressed it in a Rho binding domain (RBD)-dependent manner. Furthermore, RhoJ, a small GTPase that directly binds to PlexinD1RBD in vascular endothelial cells, is expressed in migrating and differentiating newborn granule cells in the OB and is also involved in the suppression of proximal branching of their apical dendrites. These results suggest that the Sema3E-PlexinD1-RhoJ axis regulates domain-specific dendrite formation of newborn neurons in the postnatal OB.
Optimising blood glucose control with portioned meal box in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a randomised control trial
Authors: Maneesing Tanu-udom , Dawangpa Atchara , Chaivanit Pechngam , Songsakul Sudjai , Prasertsri Piyapong , Yumi Noronha Natália , Watanabe Lígia Moriguchi , Nonino Carla Barbosa , Pratumvinit Busadee , Sae-Lee Chanachai
Published: July 2023

Background

The impact of dietary factors on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is well established. However, the effectiveness of transforming portion control into a practical innovation for glycaemic control in T2DM has not yet been established for counselling in nutrition. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of general counselling in nutrition (GCN) and a portioned meal box (PMB) on fasting blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and body composition.

Methods

A randomised, parallel intervention trial was conducted over 12 weeks, with GCN: carbohydrate portion control concept by using food exchange lists (n = 25) and PMB: portioned meal box was set by energy requirements (n = 25).

Results

Both GCN and PMB demonstrated reductions in HbA1c levels at the 6th and 12th weeks compared to baseline. However, no significant difference in HbA1c was observed between GCN and PMB at either the 6th or 12th week. Using PMB at least four times a week significantly decreased HbA1c during the intervention period (p = 0.021 andp < 0.001 for weeks 6 and 12 when compared with baseline, respectively). Changes in body composition were observed: body weight decrease in PMB only, body fat decrease and constant muscle mass in both groups. Both methods tended to relieve hunger and increased satiety in both groups. The satisfaction evaluation showed that participants preferred to use PMB over GCN (p = 0.001). Additionally, participants consumed less energy, carbohydrate and fat in PMB (p = 0.001,p = 0.019, andp = 0.001, respectively) and less energy and fat in GCN (p = 0.006 andp = 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion

A better diet, either through GCN or PMB, can play an important role in improving dietary intake compliance and controlling blood glucose.
Incidence, mortality, and survival of hematological malignancies in Northern Italian patients: an update to 2020
Authors: Mangone Lucia , Penna Domenico , Marinelli Francesco , Roncaglia Francesca , Bisceglia Isabella , Merli Francesco , Ruffini Alessia , Gamberi Barbara , Tieghi Alessia , Valli Riccardo , Albertazzi Laura , Iori Mauro , Giorgi Rossi Paolo , Vener Claudia , Morabito Fortunato , Neri Antonino , Luminari Stefano
Published: July 2023

Background

Hematological malignancies (HMs) represent a heterogeneous group of diseases with diverse etiology, pathogenesis, and prognosis. HMs’ accurate registration by Cancer Registries (CRs) is hampered by the progressive de-hospitalization of patients and the transition to molecular rather than microscopic diagnosis.

Material and methods

A dedicated software capable of automatically identifying suspected HMs cases by combining several databases was adopted by Reggio Emilia Province CR (RE-CR). Besides pathological reports, hospital discharge archives, and mortality records, RE-CR retrieved information from general and biomolecular laboratories. Incidence, mortality, and 5-year relative survival (RS) reported according to age, sex, and 4 HMs’ main categories, were noted.

Results

Overall, 7,578 HM cases were diagnosed from 1996 to 2020 by RE-CR. HMs were more common in males and older patients, except for Hodgkin Lymphoma and Follicular Lymphoma (FL). Incidence showed a significant increase for FL (annual percent change (APC)=3.0), Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN) in the first period (APC=6.0) followed by a significant decrease (APC=-7.4), and Myelodysplastic Syndromes (APC=16.4) only in the first period. Over the years, a significant increase was observed in 5-year RS for Hodgkin -, Marginal Zone -, Follicular - and Diffuse Large B-cell-Lymphomas, MPN, and Acute Myeloid Leukemia. The availability of dedicated software made it possible to recover 80% of cases automatically: the remaining 20% required direct consultation of medical records.

Conclusions

The study emphasizes that HM registration needs to collect information from multiple sources. The digitalization of CRs is necessary to increase their efficiency.
The evolution of minimal residual disease: key insights based on a bibliometric visualization analysis from 2002 to 2022
Authors: Yu Zhengyu , Xie Li , Zhang Jing , Lin Hua , Niu Ting
Published: July 2023

Background

The topic of minimal residual disease (MRD) has emerged as a crucial subject matter in the domain of oncology in recent years. The detection and monitoring of MRD have become essential for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of various types of malignancy.

Aims

The purpose of this study is to explore the research trends, hotspots, and frontiers of MRD in the last two decades through bibliometric analysis.

Methods

We employed Web of Science databases to carry out a bibliometric visualization analysis of research on 8,913 academic papers about MRD research from 2002 to 2022. VOSviewer, CiteSpace, RStudio, and a bibliometric online analysis platform were mainly used to conduct co-occurrence analysis and cooperative relationship analysis of countries/regions, institutions, journals, and authors in the literature. Furthermore, co-occurrence, co-citation, and burst analyses of keyword and reference were also conducted to generate relevant knowledge maps.

Results

In the past 20 years, the number of MRD research papers has presented an overall rising trend, going through three stages: a plateau, development, and an explosion. The output of articles in the United States was notably superior and plays a dominant role in this field, and the Netherlands had the highest average citation per article. The most productive and influential institution was the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. Blood published the most papers and was the most cited journal. A collection of leading academics has come to the fore in the research field, the most prolific of which is Kantarjian HM. It was found that the application of MRD in “acute myeloid leukemia”, “acute lymphoblastic leukemia”, “multiple myeloma”, as well as the detection technology of MRD, are the research hotspots and frontiers in this domain. Furthermore, we analyzed the co-citation network of references and found that the top 10 co-cited references were all associated with MRD in hematological malignancies.

Conclusion

This bibliometric visualization analysis conducted a thorough exploration into the research hotspots and trends in MRD from 2002 to 2022. Our findings can aid researchers in recognizing possible collaborations, guiding future research directions, and fostering the growth of MRD detection and monitoring technologies.
Neighborhood socioeconomic status and length of stay after congenital heart disease surgery
Authors: Vashist Sudhir , Dudeck Brandon S. , Sherfy Beth , Rosenthal Geoffrey L. , Chaves Alicia H.
Published: July 2023

Background and Objectives

Socioeconomic factors are associated with health outcomes and can affect postoperative length of stay after congenital heart disease (CHD) surgery. The hypothesis of this study is that patients from neighborhoods with a disadvantaged socioeconomic status (SES) have a prolonged length of hospital stay after CHD surgery.

Methods

Pre- and postoperative data were collected on patients who underwent CHD surgery at the University of Maryland Medical Center between 2011 and 2019. A neighborhood SES score was calculated for each patient using data from the United States Census Bureau and patients were grouped by high vs. low SES neighborhoods. The difference of patient length of stay (LOS) from the Society for Thoracic Surgeons median LOS for that surgery was the primary outcome measure. Linear regression was performed to examine the association between the difference from the median LOS and SES, as well as other third variables.

Results

The difference from the median LOS was −4.8 vs. −2.2 days in high vs. low SES groups (p = 0.003). SES category was a significant predictor of LOS in unadjusted and adjusted regression analyses. There was a significant interaction between Norwood operation and SES—patients with a low neighborhood SES who underwent Norwood operation had a longer LOS, but there was no difference in LOS by SES in patients who underwent other operations.

Conclusions

Neighborhood SES is a significant predictor of the LOS after congenital heart disease surgery. This effect was seen primarily in patients undergoing Norwood operation.
To explore the effect of kaempferol on non-small cell lung cancer based on network pharmacology and molecular docking
Authors: Zhang Junli , Liu Xiangqi , Zhang Guoying , Wu Junling , Liu Zhongfang , Liu Chuanguo , Wang Hui , Miao Shuxin , Deng Lei , Cao Kuan , Shang Miwei , Zhu Qingjun , Sun Peng
Published: July 2023

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common pathological type of lung cancer, which has a serious impact on human life, health, psychology and life. At present, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and other methods commonly used in clinic are prone to drug resistance and toxic side effects. Natural extracts of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have attracted wide attention in cancer treatment because of their small toxic and side effects. Kaempferol is a flavonoid from natural plants, which has been proved to have anticancer properties in many cancers such as lung cancer, but the exact molecular mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, on the basis of in vitro experiments, we used network pharmacology and molecular docking methods to study the potential mechanism of kaempferol in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. The target of kaempferol was obtained from the public database (PharmMapper, Swiss target prediction), and the target of non-small cell lung cancer was obtained from the disease database (Genecards and TTD). At the same time, we collected gene chips GSE32863 and GSE75037 in conjunction with GEO database to obtain differential genes. By drawing Venn diagram, we get the intersection target of kaempferol and NSCLC. Through enrichment analysis, PI3K/AKT is identified as the possible key signal pathway. PIK3R1, AKT1, EGFR and IGF1R were selected as key targets by topological analysis and molecular docking, and the four key genes were further verified by analyzing the gene and protein expression of key targets. These findings provide a direction for further research of kaempferol in the treatment of NSCLC.
Opioid prescription patterns in the province of Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain (2016–2020): differences between urban and rural areas
Authors: Oliva Alexis , González de Chavez Patricia , Dévora Sandra , Abdala Susana
Published: July 2023

Introduction: The use of opioids has increased markedly in the past decades in European countries, especially for treatment of non-cancer pain including painful chronic musculoskeletal conditions. However, there are some notable differences in the relative levels of use between geographical areas and some distinct, context-specific patterns of weak and strong opioid use. The aim of this work is to describe real world trends in dosage forms and population exposure in the prescription opioid use on isolated geographically area: The Canary Islands of Gran Canaria, Lanzarote and Fuerteventura, Spain. For this, several factors such as living in a rural or urban area, population over 65 years of age, population density or socioeconomic status were analyzed.

Methods: Data were extracted from the wholesalers who supply the community pharmacies at the population level. Prescription opioid use was measured as defined daily doses (DDD) per 1,000 inhabitants per day. A model based on covariance analysis with two nested fixed factors and one co-variable was used for contrast analysis at different level.

Results: The overall DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day and year variation rate in Spain was very similar to that obtained for Gran Canaria and Fuerteventura (0.967 vs. 1.006), although the levels of dispensation were different (14.75 versus 18.24 for Gran Canaria and 12.7 for Fuerteventura, respectively). Lanzarote is completely different in all issues, where the opioid consumption rate remained stable during the study period, but with a decreasing tendency. The dispensation level of strong opioids varied between islands, from 56.41% for Fuerteventura vs. 17.61% for Gran Canaria, although these values remained stable. Tramadol with acetaminophen and Tramadol in monotherapy were the most consumed forms of the weak opioids, whereas Buprenorphine was the most used strong opioid followed by Fentanyl, although demand for it varied between islands, the transdermal formulations were the most frequent pharmaceutical preparation.

Conclusion: The differences in prescription opioid use are most likely explained by the opioid prescribing practices in each island, whereas factors such urbanicity level, population age, population density and status socioeconomic does not help to explain the differences in prescription opioid use across rural and urban areas.