bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Very Early Brain Damage Leads to Remodeling of the Working Memory System in Adulthood: A Combined fMRI/Tractography Study
Authors: Froudist-Walsh Seán , Karolis Vyacheslav , Caldinelli Chiara , Brittain Philip J. , Kroll Jasmin , Rodríguez-Toscano Elisa , Tesse Marcello , Colquhoun Matthew , Howes Oliver , Dell'Acqua Flavio , Thiebaut de Schotten Michel , Murray Robin M. , Williams Steven C.R. , Nosarti Chiara
Published: December 2015

The human brain can adapt to overcome injury even years after an initial insult. One hypothesis states that early brain injury survivors, by taking advantage of critical periods of high plasticity during childhood, should recover more successfully than those who suffer injury later in life. This hypothesis has been challenged by recent studies showing worse cognitive outcome in individuals with early brain injury, compared with individuals with later brain injury, with working memory particularly affected. We invited individuals who suffered perinatal brain injury (PBI) for an fMRI/diffusion MRI tractography study of working memory and hypothesized that, 30 years after the initial injury, working memory deficits in the PBI group would remain, despite compensatory activation in areas outside the typical working memory network. Furthermore we hypothesized that the amount of functional reorganization would be related to the level of injury to the dorsal cingulum tract, which connects medial frontal and parietal working memory structures. We found that adults who suffered PBI did not significantly differ from controls in working memory performance. They exhibited less activation in classic frontoparietal working memory areas and a relative overactivation of bilateral perisylvian cortex compared with controls. Structurally, the dorsal cingulum volume and hindrance-modulated orientational anisotropy was significantly reduced in the PBI group. Furthermore there was uniquely in the PBI group a significant negative correlation between the volume of this tract and activation in the bilateral perisylvian cortex and a positive correlation between this activation and task performance. This provides the first evidence of compensatory plasticity of the working memory network following PBI.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHere we used the example of perinatal brain injury (PBI) associated with very preterm birth to study the brain's ability to adapt to injury sustained early in life. In adulthood, individuals with PBI did not show significant deficits in working memory, but exhibited less activation in typical frontoparietal working memory areas. They also showed a relative overactivation of nontask-specific brain areas (perisylvian cortex) compared with controls, and such activation was negatively correlated with the size of white matter pathways involved in working memory (dorsal cingulum). Furthermore, this “extra” activation was associated with better working memory performance and could represent a novel compensatory mechanism following PBI. Such information could inform the development of neuroscience-based cognitive interventions following PBI.
Financialization and Income Inequality in the New Economy
Authors: Kwon Roy , Roberts Anthony
Published: December 2015

An emergent literature in sociology reveals a positive association between financialization and income inequality. Recent evidence also shows that various indicators of the new economy expand inequality in advanced industrial societies. Interestingly, less attention is paid to how financial activities moderate the connection between measures of the new economy and income inequality. We attempt to contribute to this literature by examining whether the distributional effect of the transition to the new economy is enhanced by financialization. To achieve this objective, we compile a panel data set of 18 advanced industrial societies for the years 1988 to 2008. According to the analysis, financial activities are one of the more consistent positive predictors of inequality in this study's sample of rich countries. More importantly, the interactions of financialization with service employment, female labor participation, and knowledge employment, respectively, return significant positive associations with income inequality. These results indicate that finance's tendency to expand the income of elite earners exacerbates the distributional impact of the transition to the new economy.
Migrant Remittances
Authors: Waddell Benjamin
Published: December 2015

Untapped resources are hard to come by in the realm of international development. Migrant remittances, however, represent a relatively unexploited resource bank for developing countries. Still, researchers often debate the degree to which migrant remittances actually incite community development in practice. I rekindle the this theoretical discussion by comparing the development effects of household remittances with investments made through the remittance-channeling program 3×1 para migrantes in Guanajuato, Mexico. Regression analysis demonstrates that household remittances repress development outcomes across Guanajuato's 46 municipalities, while remittances invested through the 3×1 program have a positive effect on indicators of municipal wellbeing, including healthcare, education, and income. To my knowledge, this is the first attempt to systematically compare the development effects of household remittances with the development outcomes of remittances transferred through a government-supported program like 3×1 para migrantes. This research has meaningful implications for policy makers in migrant-sending regions around the world as well as agents of international development such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.
Regulation of blood–testis barrier by actin binding proteins and protein kinases
Authors: Li Nan , Tang Elizabeth I , Cheng C Yan
Published: December 2015

The blood–testis barrier (BTB) is an important ultrastructure in the testis, since the onset of meiosis and spermiogenesis coincides with the establishment of a functional barrier in rodents and humans. It is also noted that a delay in the assembly of a functional BTB following treatment of neonatal rats with drugs such as diethylstilbestrol or adjudin also delays the first wave of spermiation. While the BTB is one of the tightest blood–tissue barriers, it undergoes extensive remodeling, in particular, at stage VIII of the epithelial cycle to facilitate the transport of preleptotene spermatocytes connected in clones across the immunological barrier. Without this timely transport of preleptotene spermatocytes derived from type B spermatogonia, meiosis will be arrested, causing aspermatogenesis. Yet the biology and regulation of the BTB remains largely unexplored since the morphological studies in the 1970s. Recent studies, however, have shed new light on the biology of the BTB. Herein, we critically evaluate some of these findings, illustrating that the Sertoli cell BTB is regulated by actin-binding proteins (ABPs), likely supported by non-receptor protein kinases, to modulate the organization of actin microfilament bundles at the site. Furthermore, microtubule-based cytoskeleton is also working in concert with the actin-based cytoskeleton to confer BTB dynamics. This timely review provides an update on the unique biology and regulation of the BTB based on the latest findings in the field, focusing on the role of ABPs and non-receptor protein kinases.
The Double-Strand Break Landscape of Meiotic Chromosomes Is Shaped by the Paf1 Transcription Elongation Complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Gothwal Santosh K , Patel Neem J , Colletti Meaghan M , Sasanuma Hiroyuki , Shinohara Miki , Hochwagen Andreas , Shinohara Akira
Published: December 2015

Histone modification is a critical determinant of the frequency and location of meiotic double-strand breaks (DSBs), and thus recombination. Set1-dependent histone H3K4 methylation and Dot1-dependent H3K79 methylation play important roles in this process in budding yeast. Given that the RNA polymerase II associated factor 1 complex, Paf1C, promotes both types of methylation, we addressed the role of the Paf1C component, Rtf1, in the regulation of meiotic DSB formation. Similar to a set1 mutation, disruption of RTF1 decreased the occurrence of DSBs in the genome. However, the rtf1  set1 double mutant exhibited a larger reduction in the levels of DSBs than either of the single mutants, indicating independent contributions of Rtf1 and Set1 to DSB formation. Importantly, the distribution of DSBs along chromosomes in the rtf1 mutant changed in a manner that was different from the distributions observed in both set1 and set1  dot1 mutants, including enhanced DSB formation at some DSB-cold regions that are occupied by nucleosomes in wild-type cells. These observations suggest that Rtf1, and by extension the Paf1C, modulate the genomic DSB landscape independently of H3K4 methylation.
Is Science Everything?
Authors: Wang Fuzhou
Published: December 2015

Science has been benefiting everyone for so many years in various ways. There are many characteristics of science that have entirely changed the life of a man. There’s no doubt that science has done a lot for us and we now even cannot imagine a day without any invention of science. Science has provided us power resources, medicine, agriculture, and many more. However, there are still various aspects on which science is helpless. Science cannot make moral as well as aesthetic judgments. Science does not provide supernatural clarifications and it also does not tell how to use the existing science knowledge. In the light of all these limitations of science, we can say that science has not conquered the world as there are still many issues that cannot be handled through science. Science has taken us to space but we are still unable to explore it completely.
Introduction:1968: A Revolution of the Mind
Authors: Stewart Jeffrey C.
Published: December 2015

No abstract for this article.
Black Militants and Asian American Model Minorities: Contesting Oppositional Representations; or, On Afro-Asian Solidarities
Authors: Fujino Diane C.
Published: December 2015

There is a longstanding assumption that Asian Americans gain mobility through nonpolitical means. This is usually explained through reference to cultural values or historical experiences. From a cultural perspective, Asian values are posited to coincide with American middle-class values, such as respect for authority, diligence, self-discipline, and high motivation for achievement, thus facilitating Asian American success. I contend that the invisibility of Asian American political activism is not primarily the result of cultural values, but rather of differential racialization, or ways that particular kinds of racial meanings are imputed to different groups. That in the first half of the twentieth century Japanese Americans were viewed as hyperpolitical and hyperaggressive yellow-peril threats points to the ways that racialized images change over time. They have been influenced by transformations in the political economy and international political alliances, rather than remaining a static feature of culture. Moreover, the fact that the images of Japanese Americans and African Americans were historically inverted suggests the social constructedness of the representations themselves. This difference speaks not only to the way racism operates but also to the very construction of US society. By the late 1960s, Asian American activists were creating self-images: promoting community empowerment rather than individual mobility, they drew heavily from Black Power politics and consciously forged Afro-Asian solidarities. I examine the writings of a leading Asian American Movement (AAM) organization, the Asian American Political Alliance, to explore the ways the AAM worked to create this new racial paradigm. I conclude with a focus on the recycling of assimilationist theories to discuss race and politics in today’s age of multiculturalism and so-called “postracial” politics.
1968: On Social, Epistemic, and Historiographic(?) Revolutions
Authors: Hernández Roberto D.
Published: December 2015

This article addresses the meaning and significance of the “world revolution of 1968,” as well as the historiography of 1968. I critically interrogate how the production of a narrative about 1968 and the creation of ethnic studies, despite its world-historic significance, has tended to perpetuate a limiting, essentialized and static notion of “the student” as the primary actor and an inherent agent of change. Although students did play an enormous role in the events leading up to, through, and after 1968 in various parts of the world—and I in no way wish to diminish this fact—this article nonetheless argues that the now hegemonic narrative of a student-led revolt has also had a number of negative consequences, two of which will be the focus here. One problem is that the generation-driven models that situate 1968 as a revolt of the young students versus a presumably older generation, embodied by both their parents and the dominant institutions of the time, are in effect a sociosymbolic reproduction of modernity/coloniality’s logic or driving impulse and obsession with newness. Hence an a priori valuation is assigned to the new, embodied in this case by the student, at the expense of the presumably outmoded old. Secondly, this apparent essentializing of “the student” has entrapped ethnic studies scholars, and many of the period’s activists (some of whom had been students themselves), into said logic, thereby risking the foreclosure of a politics beyond (re)enchantment or even obsession with newness yet again.
Beyond Black Lives Matter
Authors: Kelley Robin D. G.
Published: December 2015

Few activists who march behind the banner of Black Lives Matter conceive of their struggle as an appeal to white people for recognition, but until recently the movement’s objective echoed this implicit line of reasoning: if the dominant class, and/or the state, could just recognize that our lives matter, we would be treated differently. Such assumptions can easily lead us down a slippery slope of reducing five centuries of racism, slavery, and colonialism to a fixed ideology of anti-Blackness intrinsic to the European mind, or worse, mistaking a dynamic racial regime for negligence, ignorance, or “blindness” to our humanity, a humanity that requires a visible struggle to be seen. They can lead, that is to say, to a politics in which recognition takes precedence over revolution and reconstruction.
Exosome-Carried microRNA-375 Inhibits Cell Progression and Dissemination via Bcl-2 Blocking in Colon Cancer
Authors: Zaharie Florin , Muresan Mihai-Stefan , Petrushev Bobe , Berce Cristian , Gafencu Grigore-Aristide , Selicean Sonia , Jurj Ancuta , Cojocneanu-Petric Roxana , Lisencu Cosmin-Ioan , Pop Laura-Ancuta , Pileczki Valentina , Eniu Dan , Muresan Mihai-Andrei , Zaharie Roxana , Berindan-Neagoe Ioana , Tomuleasa Ciprian , Irimie Alexandru
Published: December 2015

Background: Worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in men and second in women. The aim of the current study was to identify whether the miR-375 is indeed down-regulated in metastatic CRC and if it could be considered as a potential minimally invasive prognostic biomarker for CRC.

Methods. Exosomes were isolated and characterized from patients with liver metastasis from CCR. The characterization of exosome was performed using TEM/SEM. HCT116 cells were treated with miR-375 mimic, NSM and miR-375 inhibitor. Functional assays included cell counting assay for 14 days, Matrigel invasion assay, apoptosis assay by flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC, RT-PCR and Western blotting.

Results. Increased proliferation potential was proven for the cells transfected with miR-375 inhibitor, while the miR-375 mimic decreased the cell number. The cells transfected with the miR-375 inhibitor are aggressive and cross the membrane; 3.84% of the cells transfected with the miR-375 inhibitor entered apoptosis, while 6.45% of those transfected with the non-specific mimic were in programmed cell death, less than those transfected with the microRNA. RT-PCR for Bcl-2 expression showed that Bcl-2 is down-regulated for miR-375 inhibitor and up-regulated for the miR-375 mimic, a result confirmed by Western blotting.

Conclusion: The present study brings to the forefront new data that suggest miR-375 as a new player in controlling the pathways responsible for inhibiting the natural history of CRC tumor cells, via the Bcl-2 pathway.

Abbreviations: APC: adenomatous polyposis coli; CRC: colorectal cancer; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; ERB: Erythroblastic Leukemia Viral Oncogene Homolog; FITC: Fluorescein isothiocyanate; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein-kinase; miR: microRNA; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; NSM: non specific mimic; qRT-PCR: quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction; SEM: scanning electron microscopy; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TGF-beta: transforming growth factor beta.
Comparison of Two Different Techniques to Assess Adalimumab Trough Levels in Patients with Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Bodini Giorgia , Savarino Vincenzo , Giannini Edoardo G. , Furnari Manuele , Marabotto Elisa , Baldissarro Isabella , Del Nero Lorenzo , Assandri Lorenzo , Moscatelli Alessandro , Savarino Vincenzo , Savarino Edoardo
Published: December 2015

Background & Aims:  Loss of response to anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) drugs in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is likely due to low drug serum levels, and dosing anti-TNF drug concentrations may improve patients’ outcome. However, there are limited data on the diagnostic accuracy and utility of currently available assays for measuring anti-TNF levels. In this study, our aim was to compare serum adalimumab concentrations with two different techniques.

Methods: We assessed serum adalimumab concentrations in 23 patients with Crohn’s disease during a 96-week follow-up period. Adalimumab trough levels were assessed using a sandwich principle-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a homogeneous mobility shift assay (HMSA).

Results: At week 48, adalimumab trough levels were significantly lower in patients who experienced relapse compared to patients in remission, using both ELISA and HMSA methods: 4.8 mcg/mL (2.4-7.2 mcg/mL) vs. 7.5 mcg/mL (6.6-8.4 mcg/mL) (P=0.01) and 6.5 mcg/mL (3-10 mcg/mL) vs. 11.6 mcg/mL (7-16.2 mcg/ml) (P=0.004), respectively. Similar results were obtained at week 96: 5.9 mcg/mL (3.3-8.5 mcg/mL) vs. 12.8 mcg/mL (9.4-16.2 mcg/mL) (P=0.001) and 4.1 mcg/mL (1.6-6.6 mcg/mL) vs. 7.5 mcg/mL (5.7-9.3 mcg/mL) (P=0.009), respectively. There was a significant correlation between ELISA and HMSA adalimumab trough levels at both 48 (r = 0.691, P=0.0003) and 96 week (r = 0.822, P=0.0001).

Conclusions: ELISA and HMSA assays are accurate methods to assess adalimumab trough levels in patients with Crohn’s disease and those who experience loss of response. The preferential use of one of the two techniques should be based on local availability and physicians’ experience.Abbreviations: ADA: Adalimumab; AA: Anti-drug antibodies; anti-TNF: Anti-tumor necrosis factor; CD: Crohn’s disease; ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; HBI: Harvey-Bradshaw Index; HMSA: Homogeneous mobility shift assay; IBD: Inflammatory bowel diseases; LOR: Loss of response.
Clinical Diagnosis and Staging of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Bartella Isabel , Dufour Jean-François
Published: December 2015

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas are the second most common primary liver malignancies with an increasing incidence over the past decades. Due to a lack of early symptoms and their aggressive oncobiological behavior, the diagnostic approach is challenging and the outcome remains unsatisfactory with a poor prognosis. Thus, a consistent staging system for a comparison between different therapeutic approaches is needed, but independent predictors for worse survival are still controversial. Currently, four different staging systems are primarily used, which differ in the way they determine the ‚T‘ category. Furthermore, different nomograms and prognostic models have been recently proposed and may be helpful in providing additional information for predicting the prognosis and therefore be helpful in approaching an adequate treatment strategy. This review will discuss the diagnostic approach to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma as well as compare and contrast the most current staging systems and prognostic models.

Abbreviations: AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; ALD: Alcoholic liver disease; CA: Carbohydrate-antigen; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; EGD: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; EUS-FNA: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; ICC: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; INR: International normalized ratio; LCSGJ: Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan; LNM: Lymph node metastases; MRCP: magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; PA: Pre-albumin; PSC: Primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Hepatitis Delta Virus Infection in Romania: Prevalence and Risk Factors
Authors: Gheorghe Liana , Csiki Irma Eva , Iacob Speranta , Gheorghe Cristian , Trifan Anca , Grigorescu Mircea , Motoc Adriana , Suceveanu Andra , Curescu Manuela , Caruntu Florin , Sporea Ioan , Brisc Ciprian , Rogoveanu Ion , Cerban Razvan , Tugui Letitia , Alexandrescu Andrea
Published: December 2015

Background: Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection is associated with accelerated progression of fibrosis, early occurrence of hepatic decompensation and an increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. Epidemiological data on hepatitis delta virus (HDV) in Romania are still lacking. Aim: To assess the prevalence, virological, clinical and epidemiological features of HDV infection in Romanian patients.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter study in 10 centers. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and potential risk factors were collected through a questionnaire. Virological markers of HBV and HDV infection, biochemical and clinical features of liver disease were evaluated.

Results: The study population comprised 2,761 HBsAg(+) patients with a mean age of 43.8±13.8 years, out of whom 5.2% were HBeAg(+) and 55.7% were males. Liver cirrhosis was detected in 17.9% of patients, while 80.4% had chronic hepatitis. The prevalence of IgG anti-HDV(+) patients was 23.1%, out of whom 16.4% were HDV RNA positive. The highest prevalence of HDV infection was encountered in patients aged 50-59 years (28.9%) and patients aged ≥60 (24.8%) (p=0.0001). Seroprevalence of HDV was significantly higher in AgHBs(+) cirrhotics vs. noncirrhotics (43.4% vs 19.0%, p=0.0001). Risk factors for HDV infection were: occupational hazard, no HCV chronic infection, lack of anti-HBV vaccination, presence of blood transfusions, any previous surgery, frequent hospitalization or endoscopies, tattoos, body piercing, use of glass syringes, number of female sexual partners.

Conclusions: HBsAg(+) population in Romania is characterized by a high prevalence of HBeAg(-) HBV infection as well as HDV co-infection. A cohort phenomenon for HDV prevalence is also observed similar to that of HCV/HBV monoinfections.
Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 in Ulcerative Colitis Treatment: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Losurdo Giuseppe , Iannone Andrea , Contaldo Antonella , Ierardi Enzo , Di Leo Alfredo , Principi Mariabeatrice
Published: December 2015

Background & Aims: Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) has been recommended as a therapeutic tool for ulcerative colitis (UC) treatment. However, to date, no meta-analysis has been performed on this topic.

Methods: We performed a literature search on PubMed, MEDLINE, Science Direct and EMBASE. We evaluated success rates for induction of remission, relapse rates and side effects, expressed as Intention-To-Treat. Odd ratios (OR), pooled OR and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated, based on the Mantel-Haenszel method. Heterogeneity was assessed by using the χ2 and I2 statistics and, if present, a random-effects model was adopted.

Results: We selected six eligible trials, with 719 patients, 390 assigned to the study group and 329 to the control group. EcN induced remission in 61.6% of cases, while in the control group (mesalazine) the remission was achieved in 69.5% of cases, with a mean difference of 7.9%. The pooled OR was 0.92 (95% CI 0.15-9.66, p=0.93). A single study showed a better performance of EcN than the placebo. A relapse of the disease occurred in 36.8% in the EcN group and in 36.1% in the control group (mesalazine), with a mean difference of 0.8%, OR=1.07, with a 95% CI of 0.70-1.64 (p=0.74). Side effects were comparable (OR=1.44, 95% CI 0.80-2.59, p=0.22).

Conclusions: EcN is equivalent to mesalazine in preventing disease relapse, thus confirming current guideline recommendations. EcN seems to be as effective as controls in inducing remission and therefore, its use cannot be recommended as in one study the comparison was performed against placebo. Further studies may be helpful for this subject.

Abbreviations: EcN: Escherichia coli Nissle; UC: ulcerative colitis; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; CD: Crohn’s disease; ITT: intention-to-treat.
Different Pattern of Inflammatory and Atrophic Changes in the Gastric Mucosa of the Greater and Lesser Curvature
Authors: Isajevs Sergejs , Liepniece-Karele Inta , Svirina Darja , Santare Daiga , Kaidaks Sandris , Sivins Armands , Vikmanis Uldis , Leja Marcis
Published: December 2015

Background & Aims: Appropriate biopsy sampling is important for the classification of gastritis, yet the extent of inflammation and atrophy of different regions of the stomach with chronic gastritis have been addressed only in a few studies. The aim of our study was to analyze the inflammatory, atrophic and metaplastic changes in the greater and lesser curvature of the antrum and corpus mucosa.

Methods: 420 patients undergoing upper endoscopy were enrolled in the study. Four expert gastrointestinal pathologists graded biopsy specimens according to the updated Sydney classification.

Results: The obtained results showed that the mononuclear and granulocyte inflammatory cells were more prominent in the corpus lesser curvature compared to the corpus greater curvature (p=0.01 and p=0.0001, respectively). In addition, the extent and degree of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia were more prominent in the corpus lesser compared to the greater curvature (p=0.002 and p=0.0065, respectively). The frequency of distribution of H. pylori did not differ throughout both the corpus and antrum greater and lesser curvature. However, the degree of H. pylori colonization in the corpus was higher in the lesser than in the greater curvature. The interobserver agreement was significantly higher for corpus atrophy compared to antrum atrophy.Conclusions: These findings demonstrated that the more severe atrophic, metaplastic and inflammatory changes were observed in the lesser compared to the greater curvature of the stomach. In routine clinical settings, corpus and antral biopsies should be obtained from both lesser and greater curvature. Analysis of the incisura biopsy is also important.
Concurrencias y bifurcaciones entre el racionalismo alado de Gaston Bachelard y el idealismo simbólico de Ernst Cassirer
Authors: Sánchez Rodríguez Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2015

Se establece un diálogo hermenéutico entre las concurrencias y bifurcaciones del idealismo simbólico de Cassirer y el racionalismo alado de Bachelard en tres momentos. Primero, a partir de indicios bio-bibliográficos se construye el contexto de significación vital donde se anclan sus respectivas ideas; segundo, se establecen entre ellos paralelismos fundamentales, y, tercero, se ofrecen ejemplos de la terminología bachelardiana, cercana a la hermenéutica simbólica contemporánea. Con ello se expande la comprensión de los análisis de Cassirer acerca del pensamiento indirecto e interpretativo hacia las relaciones del hombre y la cultura, así como al papel del símbolo en el tránsito de la naturaleza a la cultura.
La intuitividad de la intuición pura en la “Estética trascendental”
Authors: Sanhueza Jerez Diego
Published: December 2015

Se pretende reconstruir los argumentos de la exposición metafísica de la Crítica de la razón pura, según los cuales nuestras representaciones de espacio y tiempo deben ser consideradas como intuiciones y no como conceptos. Para cumplir con este objetivo, en primer lugar, se determina un criterio de la intuición (singularidad e inmediatez) y, en segundo lugar, se demuestra que las representaciones de espacio y de tiempo cumplen con ese criterio.
Competencia, desconfianza y la pérdida del disfrute Un detalle del Leviathan de Hobbes
Authors: Basaure Mauro
Published: December 2015

Competencia y desconfianza son consideradas por Hobbes fuentes básicas de la agresión. Se muestra que responden a lógicas diferentes: Mientras que la competencia conduce a la agresión concreta y motivada por el deseo sensible de objetos, la desconfianza supone un rendimiento cognitivo mayor; a saber, el considerar a cualquier otro como enemigo y a los objetos como medios de aseguramiento futuro, mediante la anticipación y la lucha por el poder. Al devenir esto último prototipo de la acción racional, el disfrute de objetos tiende a ser relegado a la irracionalidad. La novedad esta en evidenciar esta cuestión y algunas de sus consecuencias.
Mas, Salvador (comp., trad. y estudio preliminar). Alemania y el mundo clásico (1896-1945)
Authors: Sánchez Madrid Nuria
Published: December 2015

Mas, Salvador (comp., trad. y estudio preliminar). Alemania y el mundo clásico (1896-1945). Madrid: Plaza y Valdés, 2014. 504 pp.
Kasahara, Javier. “Una relectura leibniziana al mecanicismo.”
Authors: Montenegro Nicolás
Published: December 2015

Kasahara, Javier. “Una relectura leibniziana al mecanicismo.” Eidos 22
(2015): 35-48.
Boyer, Amalia. “Cuerpos, imaginarios y potencias.”
Authors: Carillo Tequia Yomary
Published: December 2015

Boyer, Amalia. “Cuerpos, imaginarios y potencias.” Eidos 22 (2015): 13-34.
Declaración sobre los índices de citación y las prácticas editoriales
Authors: Chilena de Literatura Revista
Published: December 2015

Por iniciativa de la Revista chilena de literatura, de la Universidad de Chile, los editores de algunas revistas latinoamericanas nos reunimos el 29 de septiembre del 2014 en Santiago de Chile para discutir políticas comunes y formas de apoyo en nuestra actividad. Los asistentes coincidimos en expresar nuestra inconformidad frente a las formas predominantes de medición de la calidad académica de las publicaciones que, en primer lugar, privilegian criterios administrativos y cuantitativos sobre los contenidos y, en segundo lugar, tienden a ignorar las prácticas académicas propias de las humanidades, que son diferentes a las de las ciencias exactas y aplicadas. Por eso, hemos decidido firmar la siguiente declaración pública, en cuya redacción hemos trabajado durante el primer semestre del 2015.
Aphid Species Colonizing Conifer, Juniper and Cedar Trees along Hungarian Motorways
Authors: Basky Zs.
Published: December 2015

Survey of aphids on dicotyledonous herbaceous plants along the Hungarian highways on 33 sampling points revealed the presence of 14 aphid species on gymnosperm trees. The most frequent conifer species was: Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold 1785 (21 locations) followed by Pinus sylvestris L.1753, Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. (4 locations), Juniperus communis L. 1753 (3 locations) and Juniperus virginiana L. 1753 (1 location), Thuja occidentalis L.1753 (2 locations), Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don (1 location).

Eulachnus agilis (Kaltenbach, 1843) was the most frequently collected aphid species on Pinus nigra, followed by Cinara brauni Börner, 1940, Cinara schimitscheki Börner, 1940, Eulachnus rileyi (Williams, 1911) and Cinara acutirostris Hille Ris Lambers, 1956. The less frequent Cinara species was Cinara piniphila (Ratzeburg, 1844) which is a new record for the Hungarian fauna. Pinus sylvestris accommodated three aphid species: Cinara intermedia Pašek, 1954 was the most frequent, followed by Cinara pinea (Mordvilko, 1895) and Eulachnus agilis. Picea abies accommodated Cinara piceae, Cinara pruinosa (Hartig, 1841), Cinara piceicola (Cholodkovsky, 1896) and Sacchiphantes abietis L. 1758. Juniperus communis and J. virginiana most frequently hosted Cinara juniperi (De Geer, 1773). Eulachnus agilis occurred once on Juniperus communis. A single aphid species Cinara tujafilina was found on Thuja occidentalis and Thuja plicata.
A Contribution to the Knowledge of Whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Khorasan and Semnan Provinces, Iran
Authors: Samin N. , Ghahari H. , Behnood S.
Published: December 2015

Whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) are some of the most potentially detrimental pests for agricultural crops and the ornamental plant industry in Iran. The present paper deals with the faunistic survey of whiteflies in two provinces of Iran, Khorasan and Semnan. During the survey a total of 16 species from 12 genera were collected and identified. Distribution data are given for the species.
A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Torymidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) from South-Western Iran
Authors: Fallahzadeh M. , Azadi S. , Janšta P.
Published: December 2015

New data on distribution of 11 torymid wasp species (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Torymidae) from Fars province in South-Western Iran are provided. The genus Eridontomerus Crawford, 1907 and four species Adontomerus nesterovi Zerova, 1985, E. biroi Ruschka, 1923, Monodontomerus rugulosus Thomson, 1876 and Podagrion gibbum Bernard, 1938 are new records for Iran. Available data for each species and brief notes on host(s) and geographical distribution are also given.
Nenteria lii sp. n. (Acari: Mesostigmata: Nenteriidae) a New Bamboo Leaf Litter Dwelling Uropodina Species (Acari: Mesostigmata) from Xinxiang (Henan, China) with Notes to the Bamboo Associated Mites in Henan (China)
Authors: Kontschán J. , Wang G-Q. , Neményi A.
Published: December 2015

A new species Nenteria lii sp. n. is described on the basis of adults and deutonymphs collected in bamboo (Phyllostachys sp.) leaf litters in Xinxiang (Henan Province, China). The new species is very similar to the species Nenteria japonensis Hiramatsu, 1979, but the apical process of the female genital shield rounded and smooth in the new taxon, but serrate in the previously described Japanese species. A new key to the Eastern-Palearctic Nenteria species is given. A list of the collected bamboo leaf litter associated mites is presented.
New Aceria and Acaralox Species (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyoidea) from Hungary on Alcea rosea L. (Malvaceae) and Agrimonia eupatoria L. (Rosaceae)
Authors: Ripka G.
Published: December 2015

Two new species of eriophyoid mite, Aceria bendeguzi n. sp., associated with Alcea rosea (Malvaceae) and Acaralox hungarorum n. sp. from Agrimonia eupatoria (Rosaceae), are described and illustrated from Hungary. Morphological differences distinguishing these species from other malvaceous and rosaceous inhabiting congeners are discussed.
A Study on the Ichneumonid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Isfahan Province, Iran
Authors: Ghahari H. , Gadallah N. S.
Published: December 2015

The fauna of ichneumonid wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Isfahan province (Iran) is studied in this paper. In total 28 species from 24 genera and 6 subfamilies (Campopleginae, Cryptinae, Ichneumoninae, Ophioninae, Pimplinae and Tryphoninae) were collected and identified. Encrateola laevigata (Ratzeburg, 1848), Mesoleptus laticintus (Walker, 1874) (Cryptinae), Hepiopelmus melanogaster (Gmelin, 1790) (Ichneumonidae), and Apechthis quadridentata (Thomson, 1877) (Pimplinae) are new records for the fauna of Iran.
Notes on the Bionomics of the Pink Stem Borer Sesamia inferens Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): An Upcoming Pest of Wheat in India
Authors: Singh Beant , Kular J. S.
Published: December 2015

Wheat cultivation is of great significance in North-western plains of India and the crop was hitherto considered as almost free from serious insect attack. Recently, Pink stem borer (PSB), Sesamia inferens Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has emerged as a new pest and is likely to pose serious threat to the successful cultivation of wheat in the North-western plains of India under largely adopted rice-wheat cropping system. Because of the paucity of data on the developmental biology of PSB on wheat crop regarding this emerging problem of insect damage, studies were initiated on biology of PSB under field as well as screenhouse conditions during seasons of 2010–2011 and 2011–2012. This is the first report on biology of PSB on wheat which indicated that the pest was able to survive well/build up populations on wheat and able to complete its life cycle. It laid eggs either at the base of wheat plant near to soil level or on soil-surface or in the left over stubble of rice plants. Eggs hatched within 7.40±0.08 days and the mean larval duration was 68.52±1.55 days. In the course of development, it passed through 8 larval instars and pupation took place near or within the left over rice stubble. Pupal period was 36.05±0.36 days in male while 37.78±0.17 days in female. The survival of adult moths was 5.31±0.26 days in male while 6.61±0.26 days in female. The mean fecundity was 118.38±11.93 eggs and 89.15 per cent of eggs hatched. The total life cycle took 116.92±2.17 and 119.95±2.05 days in males and females, respectively.
Physical and biochemical quality properties of fermented beef sausages: Bez sucuk
Authors: Çiçek Ü. , Köse T.
Published: December 2015

In this study, sucuk samples were obtained from 12 different manufacturers to evaluate some physical and biochemical properties of fermented beef sausages named as “bez sucuk”. It was seen that the titratable acidity values were between 1.02% and 2.25% lactic acid, and pH values of the samples ranged from 5.08 to 5.63 (P<0.05). L*a*b* values of the samples were in the ranges of 38.99–47.15, 10.77–20.94, and 13.88–32.41, respectively (P<0.05). Residual nitrite was detected from group 1, 2, and 4 (P<0.05). The free fatty acid, peroxide, and thiobarbituric acid values of the fermented sausages were in the ranges of 3.01–14.34% oleic acid, 7.40–13.63 meqO2/kg fat, and 0.75–1.17 mg malonaldehyde/kg sample, respectively (P<0.05).
Magnetism, Superconductivity, and Chemical Substitutions in YBa2Cu3O7-δ
Authors: Markert J.T. , Dunlap B.D. , Maple M.B.
Published: December 2015

Twelve compounds with the formula RBa2Cu3O7-δ where δ≍0.1 and R=Y or a lanthanide element except Ce, Pm, or Tb, crystallize in the same layered orthorhombic perovskite-like structure (see the article by I.K. Schuller and J.D. Jorgensen in this issue). All such compounds are superconducting with superconducting transition temperatures Tc≍92-94 K, except for R=Pr. The compound PrBa2Cu3O7-δ appears to be a special case, since it does not exhibit metallic behavior and is not superconducting. Historically, the prototype YBa2Cu3O7-δ compound is singularly important since it was the first superconducting material with a Tc greater than 77 K, the boiling point of liquid nitrogen. In the meantime, yet higher Tc's have been obtained in YBa2Cu3O7-δ at very high pressure (Tc˜107 K at 150 kbar)5 and in new layered compounds in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (maximum Tc≍110 K)6 and Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O (maximum Tc≍125 K)7 systems (see the article by A.W. Sleight, M.A. Subramanian, and C.C. Torardi in this issue).

The origin and nature of the high Tc superconductivity of the RBa2Cu3O7-δ compounds, and the other layered copper oxide compounds as well, are presently not understood and constitute a formidable challenge to experimentalists and theorists alike. One of the most intriguing possibilities is that a magnetic mechanism, rather than the electronphonon interaction, is responsible for the formation of the superconducting electron pairs in the high Tc copper oxides. The primary evidence for a magnetic pairing mechanism is the proximity of antiferromagnetism and superconductivity as the concentration of holes in the conducting CuO2 planes is varied,8 as discussed below for the RBa2Cu3O7-δ compounds.
Resentment
Authors: Angenot Marc
Published: December 2015

Resentment has been and continues to be a component of numerous ideologies of our century, forming as much a part of the right wing (nationalism, antisemitism) as the left, as it finds its way into various expressions drawn from both socialism and feminism. Resentment relies on basic fallacies: That any superiority that is acquired in the empirical world, in the world such as we know it, is in itself and without any further discussion, a sign of moral "baseness." That the values attached to it by the dominant ones are contemptible in themselves, that is to say as values - and not merely those uneven (tangible and symbolic) benefits that the dominant ones draw from such values. And that any subordinate or inferior situation grants one the status of a victim, that any failure to take advantage in this world can be metamorphosed and justified through grievances directed at the dominant and the privileged groups - thereby permitting a total denial of responsibility. Such an attitude involves an axiological reversal, an Umsturz der Werte, which Nietzsche and Max Scheler already described in divergent ways. It is sometimes difficult to immediately distinguish within different militant ideologies and fallacies of resentment on one hand and on the other the will for justice and emancipation behind which such fallacies hide or with which they are intertwined. This essay describes the idealtype of what I have called the thought of resentment which expresses itself through a specific rhetoric of argumentation (or rather a sophistics) and through a pathos of rancour and grievance. It seems that at the end of this century in industrialized societies - societies disintegrating into suspicious lobbies, obsessed by claims of their "identity," twisting the concept of Rights to suit the bickering market of "rights to difference," societies composed of groups or "tribes" fostering endless litigations based on insurmountable disagreements and a vindictive re-invention of the past - resentment is once again becoming an all-consuming attitude. This trend may be explained by the collapse of Socialism and the utopias of Progress among other determinants. This essay studies and illustrates briefly the axiology and the rhetoric of resentment. It retraces its relationship with the relativism that prevails today in philosophy and the social sciences. It sheds light on some of the mechanics of discussion which have allowed resentment to organize itself into an impregnable sophistics resisting compromise and pluralism. Such sophistics grant resentment the self-justified advantage of indefinitely putting rational debate at bay.
'History as a Political Act': 100 Years of US Empire 1898-1998 and Radical Hopes for the Future
Authors: Zinn Howard
Published: December 2015

On November 24, 1998, Raymond Lotta talked with Howard Zinn about 100 years of U.S. empire and radical prospects for the future.
The Phases of the Moon Part II, or Aherne and Robartes get Attacked by Zombies
Authors: Svenpladsen Shane T
Published: December 2015

A comedic extension of Yeats's poem "The Phases of the Moon."
Periodic solutions of Lienard differential equations via averaging theory of order two
Authors: LLIBRE JAUME , NOVAES DOUGLAS D. , TEIXEIRA MARCO A.
Published: December 2015

Abstract For ε ≠ 0sufficiently small we provide sufficient conditions for the existence of periodic solutions for the Lienard differential equations of the form x ′′ + f ( x ) x ′ + n 2 x + g ( x ) = ε 2 p 1 ( t ) + ε 3 p 2 ( t ) , where n is a positive integer, f : ℝ → ℝis a C 3function, g : ℝ → ℝis a C 4function, and p i : ℝ → ℝfor i = 1 , 2are continuous 2 π–periodic function. The main tool used in this paper is the averaging theory of second order. We also provide one application of the main result obtained.
Theoretical approach of the main means of appeals in the European procedural law
Authors: Petrescu Oana M.
Published: December 2015

Knowledge and understanting the means of appeals lodged before the courts of the European Union, limited only to the points of law, are very important taking into accout the modality to control a judgment delivered by an inferior court exists since ancient times, being governed among others, by the Larin principle: res judicata pro veritate accipitur. In the following we will examine, in general, the judicial control of the judgments and orders delivered by the General Court and by the Civil Service Tribunal, as a specialized tribunal on civil servant issues, but also the sui generis means of appeals and the extraordinary means of reviews of the judgments and orders. We shall mention that all of them are exercised in accordance with the Rules of Procedure of the European courts and the Statute of the Court of Justice of the European Union. Another aspect to be mentione is that the judjments of the Court of Justice cannot be challenged to another court, as they remain final and irrevocable.
Meniscal allograft transplantation in rabbit
Authors: VILELA LIANA M. , CARLO RICARDO J. DEL , Melo FILHO EDSON V. , FAVARATO LUKIYA S.C. , DUARTE TATIANA S. , PONTES KELLY C.S. , CUNHA DAISE N.Q.
Published: December 2015

This study evaluated the technique for meniscal allograft transplantation using allografts preserved in glycerin 98% in rabbits. Euthanasia was performed at 70 days to compare the transplanted (TM1 to TM16) versus the contralateral meniscus (OM1 to OM16). Sixteen menisci, 8 transplanted and 8 contralateral, were submitted to gross examination, histomorphometric analysis for identification and quantification of cellular type, and for quantification and distribution of collagen fibers. A revascularization study was conducted in all of the other samples. Lengths of the OM varied from 0.9 to 1.0 cm and two TM were smaller. All TM were completely attached to the synovial membrane, except for one case that presented partial fixation. Both, TM and OM had similar amounts of chondrocytes, fibroblasts and fibrocytes, and at the horns, chondrocytes were predominant. The collagen fibers in TM were well organized throughout the body, and disorganized at the horns. These fibers in OM were organized. The amounts of collagen type I and III, and the vascularization of the perimeniscal tissue and of the edge were similar in OM and TM. These results demonstrated graft integration and thus this transplantation technique and preservation method may be recommended.
Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg seed desiccation: influence on vigor and nucleic acids
Authors: DRESCH DAIANE M. , MASETTO TATHIANA E. , SCALON SILVANA P.Q.
Published: December 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of Campomanesia adamantium seeds to desiccation by drying in activated silica gel (fast) and under laboratory conditions (slow). To assess the sensitivity of the seeds to desiccation, we used drying with silica gel and drying under laboratory conditions (25 °C), in order to obtain seeds with moisture content of 45, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10 and 5%. The physiological potential of the seeds after desiccation was evaluated by measuring primary root protrusion, percentage of normal seedlings, germination seed index, seedling length, total seedling dry mass, electrical conductivity and DNA and RNA integrities. The C. adamantium seeds were sensitive to desiccation and to a reduction in moisture content to 21.1% or less by desiccation using silica gel, and to 17.2% or less by desiccation under laboratory conditions; impairment of the physiological potential of the seeds was observed at these low moisture content levels. The integrity of the seed genomic DNA was not affected after drying seeds in the two methods. However, drying in silica gel to 4.5% moisture content and drying under laboratory conditions to 5.4% moisture content resulted in the loss of seed RNA integrity.