bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sonochemistry and Sonocatalysis: Current Progress, Existing Limitations, and Future Opportunities in Sustainable Chemistry
Authors: Trinh Quang Thang , Golio Nicholas , Cheng Yuran , Cha Haotian , Tai Kin Un , Ouyang Lingxi , Zhao Jun , Tran Tuan Sang , Nguyen Tuan-Khoa , Zhang Jun , An Hongjie , Wei Zuojun , Jerome Francois , Amaniampong Prince Nana , Nguyen Nam-Trung
Published: October 2024

Sonocatalysis is a specialised field within sonochemistry that leverages the interaction between ultrasound and solid catalysts to enhance the rate and selectivity of chemical reactions. As a non-traditional catalytic activation method, sonocatalysis can profoundly modify reaction mechanisms and unlock novel activation pathways that are not typically accessible through standard catalysis. This unique approach offers new opportunities for driving reactions under milder conditions while potentially improving selectivity and efficiency. This review highlights the recent progress in sonocatalytic applications aligned with several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, including environmental remediation, sonotherapy, and biomass conversion. In these applications, we explore the underlying sonocatalytic mechanisms and the interaction between solid catalysts and ultrasound, which drive the enhanced reactivity. A key feature of this manuscript is its comprehensive analysis of the primary technical challenges in sonocatalysis, specifically its low energy efficiency and the complexity of reaction control. To address these hurdles, we examine various effective strategies, such as the incorporation of nanostructured catalytic cavitation agents and the design of advanced microfluidic sonoreactors. These innovations improve energy transfer, control bubble dynamics, and enhance catalytic activity under ultrasound. Furthermore, we implement molecular modelling to gain fundamental insights into the mechanisms fundamental to the effectiveness of sonocatalysts. This approach provides a deeper understanding of how nanostructured catalysts interact with ultrasonic fields, guiding the design of next-generation catalytic materials. The integration of nanostructured catalytic cavitation agents, microfluidic reactor technologies, and computational molecular modelling forms a trilateral synergistic platform that unlocks new potential in sonocatalysis. This multidisciplinary framework paves the way for significant advancements in sustainable chemistry, offering innovative solutions to global challenges in energy, health, and environmental sustainability.
Novel Analytical Toolkit Concept for the Characterization and Development of Halogen Free Flame Retardants (HFFR): A case study with P and P-N based Flame Retardants.
Authors: Paul Swaraj
Published: October 2024

This study presents a novel toolkit concept for the characterization and development of halogen-free flame-retardant (HFFR) specially based on P and P-N flame retardant systems, aimed at understanding and predicting the influence of flame-retardant additives in polymers especially polyolefins. The development of this toolkit concept is based on the existing research on flame-retardant mechanisms. From a comprehensive literature survey, we identified several key parameters that control the flammability of materials. This toolkit concept includes several analytical techniques to quantitatively measure these parameters. The primary parameters influencing the flammability of polymer materials are found to be the surface ignition temperature, thermal degradation kinetics, total amount of volatiles produced during combustion, chemical composition of the volatiles, and the presence of flame retardants, particularly phosphorus and phosphorus-nitrogen-based derivatives (PFR), in the gas phase, condensed phase, or in both. This paper presents our findings on surface ignition temperature (Tign) and kinetic degradation parameters such as Arrhenius activation energy (Ea) and frequency factor (A) from Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA)/SDTA) measurements. Additionally, we report the Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) produced during combustion, determined using Thermal Desorption (TD)/Gas Chromatography (GC)/Mass Spectrometry (MS) techniques, and the chemical composition of the volatiles identified through MS analysis of GC chromatograms for several model HFFR polypropylene (PP) formulations containing phosphorus (P) or phosphorus-nitrogen (P-N) based derivatives (PFR). The presence of flame retardants in the gas or condensed phase, and their activity in either phase or both, was determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) and Surface Focussed Mass Spectrometer (SFMS). In this report, the validity of the analytical results from this toolkit concept is also presented for several model formulations by comparing the analytical results with fire retarding properties of these model formulations with standard UL-94V fire tests. Applicability of this toolkit was demonstrated by investigating the influence for a proprietary additive, Paxymer® in these HFFR systems.
Nickel-Photocatalytic (Z)-Selective Synthesis of Enamides from Amino Acids
Authors: Wei Ning , Beil Sebastian B.
Published: October 2024

(Z)-Enamides are important motifs, due to their prevalence in bio-active molecules. However, few strategies are known to obtain them stereoselectively. Herein we report a nickel catalyst which, combined with simultaneous photoredox and energy transfer catalysis, enables the selective formation of (Z)-enamides. Di- and tri- functionalized functionalized olefin products can be obtained in high yields and stereoselectivity, respectively, from a redox-modulated nickel intermediate. Selective and challenging nickel-catalyzed β-H abstraction is attainable through kinetic control facilitated by an external additive.
Data-efficient modeling of catalytic reactions via enhanced sampling and on-the-fly learning of machine learning potentials
Authors: Perego Simone , Bonati Luigi
Published: October 2024

Simulating catalytic reactivity under operative conditions poses a significant challenge due to the dynamic nature of the catalysts and the high computational cost of electronic structure calculations. Machine learning potentials offer a promising avenue to simulate dynamics at a fraction of the cost, but they require datasets containing all relevant configurations, particularly reactive ones. Here we present a scheme to construct reactive potentials in a data-efficient manner. This is achieved by combining enhanced sampling methods first with Gaussian processes to discover transition paths and then with graph neural networks to obtain a uniformly accurate description. The necessary configurations are extracted via a Data-Efficient Active Learning (DEAL) procedure based on local environment uncertainty. We validated our approach by studying several reactions related to the decomposition of ammonia on iron-cobalt alloy catalysts. Our scheme proved efficient, requiring only ~1,000 DFT calculations per reaction, and robust, sampling reactive configurations from the different accessible pathways. Using this potential, we calculated free energy profiles and characterized reaction mechanisms, showing the ability to provide microscopic insights into complex processes under dynamic conditions.
Electronic structure methods for simulating the applied potential in semiconductor electrochemistry
Authors: Moradi Kayvan , Melander Marko
Published: October 2024

Semiconductor electrodes (SCEs) play a decisive role in e.g. clean energy conversion technologies but understanding their complex electrochemistry remains an outstanding challenge. Herein, we review electronic structure methods for describing the applied electrode potential in simulations of semiconductor-electrolyte interfaces. We emphasize that inclusion of the electrode potential is significantly more challenging for SCEs than for metallic electrodes because SCEs require accurate models of semiconductor capacitance, including the space-charge region and surface effects, as well as the electrolyte double-layer capacitance. We discuss how these physicochemical complications challenge the development of atomistic models of SCE and how they impact the ap- plicability of the computational hydrogen electrode, capacitance correction, grand canonical DFT, and Green function methods to model SCEs. We highlight the need for continued methodological development and conclude that integrating advanced atomistic models of SCEs with grand canonical, constant inner potential DFT or Green function methods holds promise for accurate SCE simulations.
Análisis de movilidad de los estudiantes universitarios desde el terminal terrestre hasta la Universidad Técnica de Manabí
Authors: Mendoza Cedeño Jhonny Xavier , Reyna García Adrián Eliceo
Published: October 2024

La movilidad es un aspecto fundamental en la vida diaria, ya que permite a las personas desplazarse de un lugar a otro. Los estudiantes universitarios son un grupo clave en el desarrollo de las ciudades, ya que son una fuente importante de recursos humanos y generan una gran actividad de movilidad dentro de una ciudad. Sin embargo, la falta de planificación y regulación en el transporte urbano puede generar problemas de movilización. En el caso de la ciudad de Portoviejo, la Universidad Técnica de Manabí es el centro de educación superior más grande y con más estudiantes universitarios. En el presente artículo se analizó la movilidad de los estudiantes universitarios en una ruta de transporte urbana que conecta el Terminal Terrestre con la universidad. La metodología que se aplicó se basó principalmente en la observación directa del fenómeno objeto de estudio. Los resultados revelan varias falencias que van desde la carencia del equipamiento urbano destinado para las paradas de buses, la falta de frecuencias en las horas pico y la escaza accesibilidad a las unidades de transportes, que pueden ser corregidas mediante un estudio de movilidad vial apropiado, un mejoramiento de la imagen urbana y un mayor control de las autoridades competentes sobre el tráfico urbano. La regulación del tráfico es crucial para garantizar la movilidad segura y eficiente en la ciudad y hacer de esta sostenible, lo que es fundamental para su desarrollo.
Ensamble híbrido de métodos para la clasificación morfotaxonómica explicable de macroinvertebrados de agua dulce
Authors: Cruz Cruz Lilian Dayana
Published: October 2024

La evaluación y predicción de estado ecológico de un cuerpo de agua dulce a través de macroinvertebrados es un método de bioindicación altamente efectivo, gracias a las relaciones de estos organismos con el medio que habitan. Sin embargo, su clasificación en el laboratorio o mediante imágenes implica un consumo considerable tiempo y la necesidad de conocimientos expertos, los cuales a menudo son escasos. Con lo cual, la clasificación automática de imágenes podría proporcionar a los expertos la capacidad de tomar decisiones sobre las condiciones ambientales de forma más rápida y eficiente. A pesar de las complejas características morfotaxonómicas que poseen estos organismos, en los últimos años se han logrado resultados prometedores empleando técnicas de aprendizaje profundo. No obstante, los desarrollos en este campo se encuentran centrados en las aplicaciones y no en los usuarios. Por consiguiente, los expertos se muestran resistentes a emplear dichas técnicas, lo cual induce a bajos niveles de confianza y a una falta de adopción extensiva de estos métodos en tareas de bioevaluación. Para abordar este desafío, se están explorando técnicas de explicabilidad (eXplicable Artificial Intelligence -XAI) que permiten comprender el funcionamiento interno de los modelos opacos y, al mismo tiempo, identificar las características clave que mejorarían rendimiento y la precisión en la clasificación. En este sentido, se está trabajando en el ensamble de técnicas de aprendizaje profundo y XAI para clasificar imágenes de macroinvertebrados de agua dulce y encontrar una configuración que permita un buen compromiso entre el rendimiento y precisión de los modelos de aprendizaje automático y la explicabilidad desde la perspectiva de los expertos humanos.
Transformando la atención medica: avances y desafíos de la medicina personalizada
Authors: Campos Mora Ana Maria , Ramirez López Leonardo Juan
Published: October 2024

La medicina personalizada está revolucionando los enfoques terapéuticos al adaptarlos a las características individuales, como el fenotipo y los hábitos saludables de cada paciente. Este proyecto se centra en el desarrollo de un modelo matemático que integra variables fenotípicas y hábitos saludables con enfermedades de alto impacto según su tasa de mortalidad en Colombia, utilizando datos de Estadísticas de Defunciones 2023 del DANE. La construcción del modelo se fundamentará en una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura para identificar las características fenotípicas predominantes y los hábitos saludables asociados a cada patología. Estos se compilarán en una tabla y se crearán reglas de asociación mediante proposiciones lógicas. Posteriormente, se generará una tabla para cada enfermedad, vinculando aleatoriamente los criterios de la tabla inicial con proporciones. Las enfermedades consideradas incluirán cardiovasculares, cardiopatía isquémica, tuberculosis, infecciones respiratorias (con énfasis en SARS-CoV-2), enfermedad renal crónica y enfermedades cerebrovasculares. El objetivo principal es elaborar un modelo de medicina personalizada adaptado a cada paciente, que integre datos fenotípicos y hábitos saludables con las enfermedades mencionadas. Este modelo busca ofrecer tratamientos más efectivos e individualizados al crear patrones que relacionen fenotipo, hábitos saludables y enfermedades, permitiendo la categorización de pacientes y una atención más precisa. Funcionará como un sistema de apoyo a la decisión clínica mediante modelado predictivo. Se prevé que este enfoque conduzca a mejores resultados de salud y calidad de vida para los pacientes al reducir los errores diagnósticos médicos. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS, 2019) reporta que anualmente cerca de 134 millones de personas sufren errores médicos evitables, resultando en 2.6 millones de muertes. Con un modelo predictivo para validación, se proyecta una reducción considerable de estos errores, promoviendo así una atención sanitaria de precisión.
ASSETS y RISE-UP: dos iniciativas educativas para fomentar el éxito estudiantil ante desastres naturales
Authors: Lopez del Puerto Carla , Alfaro Mónica , Bellido Carmen , Delgado Bernadette
Published: October 2024

Los desastres naturales recientes, incluida la pandemia del Covid-19, los huracanes y los terremotos, han presentado importantes retos para el aprendizaje de los estudiantes en todo el mundo. Para fomentar oportunidades para los estudiantes, profesores de nuestra universidad han presentado dos iniciativas financiadas por la Fundación Nacional de Ciencias (NSF, por sus siglas en inglés) de Estados Unidos. Este artículo se enfoca en presentar estas iniciativas educativas: el Ecosistema de Apoyo Académico y Socioemocional para Estudiantes Talentosos de Bajos Ingresos (ASSETS, por sus siglas en inglés) y el Programa de Educación Subgraduada en Infraestructura Resiliente y Sostenibilidad (RISE-UP, por sus siglas en inglés). Ambas iniciativas comparten el objetivo común de brindar oportunidades a estudiantes académicamente talentosos que cursan carreras en STEM (Ciencia, Tecnología, Ingeniería y Matemáticas). Este artículo describe las metas y el trabajo realizado hasta la fecha en los proyectos educativos RISE-UP y ASSETS. Se espera que estas intervenciones puedan llevar a mayores niveles de participación, retención y tasas de graduación entre los estudiantes participantes, en comparación con sus contrapartes no participantes, y que estén mejor preparados para tener éxito en sus carreras profesionales. Sin embargo, debemos esperar hasta el final del estudio para confirmar estos resultados.
Gestión de la innovación y las tecnologías centradas en datos, como soporte a la toma de decisiones militares en la fase de análisis de información previo al uso del poder aéreo del país
Authors: Zabala Alexandra , Linares Vásquez Mario , Donoso Yezid
Published: October 2024

Gestionar las innovaciones tecnológicas en entornos militares permite descubrir, incubar y acelerar la efectividad operacional generando valor e impacto social. En la innovación militar se han adoptado soluciones tecnológicas que complementan la compleja toma de decisiones frente a un entorno desbordado de datos, en el cual la capacidad analítica no crece a la misma velocidad que la capacidad de almacenamiento. En los entornos militares se cuenta con múltiples fuentes de datos, en las cuales coexisten propiedades como la variedad, veracidad, velocidad y volumen. Estas características presentan desafíos específicos en términos de integración de información y confidencialidad, donde el uso de tecnologías centradas en datos, como analítica avanzada, minería de datos, aprendizaje de máquina e inteligencia artificial representan una oportunidad para mejorar los procesos militares. El uso de estas tecnologías permite la generación de información valiosa y oportuna para los intereses del poder nacional y la ejecución de operaciones a nivel estratégicos, operacional y táctico. Esta tesis doctoral se centra en el reconocimiento de oportunidades de innovación y el uso de tecnologías centradas en datos como complemento para la toma de decisiones previo al despliegue de los medios aéreos, en las fases de análisis y procesamiento de información. De manera específica en esta tesis se estudia la aplicación de estas tecnologías en reportes textuales de la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana para la prevención del uso ilícito de la infraestructura aeronáutica del país. Como resultado de esta investigación se ha realizado una revisión sistemática de literatura, en la cual se analizan estudios previos que han empleado tecnologías centradas en datos para desarrollo de sistemas, arquitecturas y prototipos en entornos militares. Adicionalmente, se han desarrollado dos ejercicios de innovación abierta con estudiantes de más de 10 universidades del país y cadetes de la Escuela Militar de Aviación para la construcción de modelos de aprendizaje de máquina en el procesamiento de imágenes, videos y textos producidos por la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana. Estos modelos se han mejorado hasta obtener un modelo que extrae entidades de forma automática en reportes públicos y confidenciales obteniendo una métrica de precisión superior al 85 %. Estos resultados han permitido identificar los retos que representa la tecnología y los desafíos que genera desarrollar, usar, adoptar y evolucionar soluciones para que puedan mantenerse vigentes en el tiempo e impacten la efectividad con la cual se enfrentan las amenazas presentes en el control del espacio aéreo del país.
Relationship of Emergency Ambulance Response Time to Australasian Triage Scale (ATS) Level in Non-Trauma Case Patients
Authors: Arianto Okdwi Ganda , Astuti Zulmah , Dirdjo Maridi M
Published: October 2024

Emergency ambulance is an emergency service carried out outside the hospital, both trauma and non-trauma, which is carried out to prevent death and further disability. This service is carried out by increasing the ambulance response time. Emergency ambulance response time in pre-hospital emergency services can impact the assessment of patient triage levels in the development of modern triage, one of which is the Australasian Triage Scale (ATS). This study aims to determine the relationship between emergency ambulance response time and the Australasian Triage Scale (ATS) triage level in non-trauma case patients in Samarinda. The design of this study used a quantitative method, namely descriptive correlation, using a cross-sectional research design. The population in this study was 78 patients. Sampling used the total sampling technique. The instruments used in this study were observation sheets, stopwatches (response time), and the Australasian Triage Scale (ATS). This study was conducted for 3 months from March to May in Public Hospital Samarinda in 2024. Meanwhile, the person correlation test results found a p-value of 0.000<0.05, which means there is a relationship between the emergency ambulance response time to ATS Triage and an r-value of 0.767 where the strength of the relationship is high/strong. With a positive correlation result, the direction of the relationship is in the same direction. This means that the faster the emergency ambulance response time, the better (lower) the emergency condition of non-trauma patients based on the ATS triage level.
Mechanization and import substitution in zimbabwean farmers' equipment: A case study of the revitalization of an abandoned tractor trailer
Authors: Tendai Talent Ngwarati
Published: October 2024

Abandonment of equipment on Zimbabwean A1 and A2 farms has significant costs for both farmers and the national economy, as farmers often continue using outdated or traditional farming methods. Maintenance practices, innovation, research, design, and modern machinery have evolved considerably over the past hundred years, shifting from old maintenance applications to planned maintenance strategies combined with Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI). For Zimbabwean farmers, adopting this approach is crucial, particularly for revitalizing farm implements and machinery. Currently, it is evident that many farm implements and equipment have been abandoned. These implements and equipment could be assessed and mechanically restored to their operational state. A mechanical assessment of abandoned equipment was conducted, focusing on main components such as the chassis and suspension to facilitate the revitalization process. This was followed by a product development plan outlined in the methodology. The abandoned trailer was dismantled, with selected components purchased locally, and then reassembled using mechanical methods. The mechanical activities involved included cutting with grinders, joining through arc welding, and using bolts and nuts. As a developing country striving to adopt modern technologies, Zimbabwe's application of Import Substitution Industrialization is a crucial strategy for embracing sustainable development. Farmers are advised to integrate basic welding knowledge into their farming activities and acquire essential machinery, such as CO2 welding machines and workbenches, for their mechanical workshops. Large-scale farmers in Zimbabwe typically have workshops equipped with these basic machining tools. The abandoned trailer was reconditioned to a functional state using basic machining methods and tools, as detailed in this paper.
Pengaruh Gaya Hidup dan Literasi Ekonomi terhadap Perilaku Konsumtif untuk Produk Fashion Mahasiswa Pendidikan Ekonomi FKIP UNS Angkatan 2021-2023
Authors: Mardani Adha Ratia , Harini Harini , Nugroho Jonet Ariyanto
Published: October 2024

This research aims to determine (1) Testing the influence of lifestyle on consumptive behavior for fashion products for FKIP UNS Economic Education students class 2021-2023 (2) Testing the influence of economic literacy on consumptive behavior for fashion products for FKIP UNS Economic Education students class 2021-2023 (3) Testing the influence of lifestyle and economic literacy simultaneously on consumer behavior for fashion products of FKIP UNS Economic Education students class 2021-2023. This research is quantitative research with a survey method. The population used in the research were FKIP Economics Education students class 2021, 2022 and 2023. The data collection method used was using a questionnaire distributed via Google Form with a population of 380 students and a sample of 195 students. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The analysis in this research uses multiple linear regression. The results of this study prove that (1) lifestyle has a positive and significant effect on consumptive behavior for fashion products (2) economic literacy has a negative and significant effect on consumptive behavior for fashion products (3) lifestyle and economic literacy has a positive and significant effect on consumptive behavior for fashion products.
Pengaruh Efikasi Diri Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Yang Dimediasi Oleh Disiplin Diri
Authors: Ifiana Nur
Published: October 2024

The success of the process of implementing teaching and learning activities can be measured by the learning outcomes achieved by students. Students's success in learning is influenced by two factors, namely external factors through self-discipline and internal factors namely self-efficacy. The external factor of self-discipline also acts as a mediator of self-efficacy with the learning outcomes of students at SMA Negeri 1 Driyorejo class XI IPS and XII IPS. This research uses a quantitative approach with a type of field research. The research population of students at SMA Negeri 1 Driyorejo class XI IPS and Data collection using questionnaires and data analysis using Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) assisted by SPSS version 25 research software. The results of the research show that self-efficacy has a positive and significant effect on learning outcomes, self-efficacy has a positive and significant effect on self-discipline, self-discipline has a positive and significant effect on learning outcomes, and self-discipline has a positive and significant mediating effect on learning outcomes, which is clarified as a quasi moderator because the self-efficacy variable has a significant effect on learning outcome variables, the next test is that the self-discipline variable has a significant mediating effect on learning outcomes.
Professional self-determination in the conditions of studying for a master's degree
Authors: Povshednaya F. V. , Lebedeva O. V. , Lebedev K. R.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The article is devoted to one of the most urgent problems of modern education – the professional self-determination of undergraduates in the process of university education. The article provides a historical and pedagogical analysis of the state and development of the problem of professional self-determination in Russia from the 20s of the last century to the present. In the context of the formation of a new system of higher pedagogical education in Russia, the authors attempt to consider the professional self-determination of future masters as the need for their effective professional training.

   Materials and Methods. As research methods, the method of analysis and systematization of psychological and pedagogical theoretical and experimental and scientific and methodological studies of domestic scientists on the problem of professional development of a future specialist in the conditions of modern domestic higher education system was used. When describing the specifics of the professional training of undergraduates, the emphasis is placed on the use of methods of systematization and generalization of psychological and pedagogical research and regulatory documents.

   Results. Considering the professional self-determination of future specialists as the need for their professional training, based on the analysis of philosophical and psychological and pedagogical research, the authors clarified and specified the key categories of research: "self-determination", "professional self-determination", "readiness for self-determination". The article reveals the features of modern learning youth at different levels of professional self-determination. The types of self-determination (professional, social, personal, family, life, religious, etc.) are identified. Such important aspects of vocational training as: changes in the content of vocational training of a university student, the influence of socio-cultural factors on the professional training of future specialists, the formation of competencies and competence, the psychological component of vocational training in the educational environment of the university are revealed.

   Discussion and Conclusions. The problem of professional self-determination of undergraduates at the present stage of development of society and the creation of a new system of Russian pedagogical education in the context of globalization and digitalization is significantly updated and requires the search for new forms and methods of professional training of specialists.
The relationship between internet addiction and socio-psychological adaptation in adolescents
Authors: Mitrofanov I. V.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Socio-psychological adaptation occurs when a person interacts with the social environment. You can see how the Internet space is replacing live communication with digital communication. Adolescents between the ages of 14 and 16 have increased rates of personality development, which arouses interest in this study. The paper analyzes the socio-psychological adaptation of Internet-addicted adolescents.

   Materials and Methods. The study involved 205 9th grade students, among them 44 % of male and 56 % of female students. The average age of the respondents is 15-16 years old. Psychological methods were used in the course of the study. The study was carried out on the basis of MOBU Secondary Educational School No. 10 named after Bely S. I. Sochi in the 2022/23 academic year. The scale of "Internet addiction" (S. Chen (CTAS), the questionnaire of "Socio-psychological adaptation" (K. Rogers, R. Diamond and adapted by T. V. Snegireva (1987); A.M. Parishioners (2005), preference questionnaire.

   Results. The results of the study. It was found that out of 205 adolescent students, 17 % have formed and sustained Internet-dependent behavior. The correlation analysis showed the presence of a relationship between Internet addiction and socio-psychological adaptation in adolescents. Teenagers who are addicted to the Internet have a tendency: to neurotic deviation, the presence of intrapersonal conflicts, complications in decision-making, rejection of others. The need for communication, the desire for dominance, the form of internal locus of control, adaptability to the requirements of society, self-esteem, time management and adaptability are reduced.

   Discussion and Conclusions. Based on the results of an empirical study, we can talk about the connection between Internet-dependent behavior and socio-psychological adaptation in adolescents.
Technology of organization and performance of professional (demonstration) exam (on the example of special (defectological) education and subject areas «Russian language and literature», «Art»)
Authors: Kusova M. L. , Semenova E. V. , Simbirtseva N. A.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The article presents the experience of conducting professional (demonstration) examination in Master's degree program as a tool for assessing the readiness of future teachers for professional activity. The article considers the mechanisms of assessing the readiness of master's degree graduates to work in the educational system through the prism of professional, subject, methodological, communicative and managerial competencies.

   Materials and Methods. The presented characteristic of the organization and conduct of professional (demonstration) examination is based on theoretical research methods: logical analysis, structural-functional method, discourse analysis. The basis is the interdisciplinary methodology that allows synthesizing approaches inherent in the organization of the educational process. The method of systematization and analysis of the existing experience in conducting professional demonstration examination was used in describing the methodology of technology.

   Results. The purpose of these materials is to summarize and systematize the experience of conducting professional examination of master's students at the Ural State Pedagogical University. The principles and stages of the professional (demonstration) examination developed by the Educational and Methodological Council of the Urals State Pedagogical University are presented as organizational bases of the activity of organizing and conducting the professional (demonstration) examination. The principles implemented in the professional (demonstration) examination, such as continuity and continuity of teacher training, inclusiveness of the educational environment, orientation to professional communication and group decision-making, the principle of openness, combination of fundamentality and practice-oriented are outlined.

   Discussion and Conclusions. The optimal form of conducting the teachers' demonstration exam is determined as an activity-type technology corresponding to its tasks, based on an active way of interaction between participants – a business game. In the course of the business game, master's students simulate the situation of a meeting of a methodological association or pedagogical council, where they realize the solution of a professional problem. Content aspects of the professional (demonstration) examination are revealed in the article on the material of specific illustrations of variants of examination tasks for Master's degree students in the areas of training «Pedagogical Education» (on the example of subject areas «Russian language and literature» and «Art») and «Special (defectological) education».
The Changing Educational Landscape for Sustainable Online Experiences: Implications of ChatGPT in Arab Students’ Learning Experience
Authors: Almulla Mohammed , Ali Sayed Ibrahim
Published: October 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into education is rapidly transforming traditional paradigms of teaching and learning. ChatGPT, an advanced AI system capable of sophisticated language generation, represents a potentially disruptive innovation in this sphere. This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design using a cross-sectional approach to examine ChatGPT’s emerging role in reshaping students’ learning experiences within higher education. A survey of 473 undergraduate students at King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia assessed ChatGPT’s usage patterns, effectiveness, and implications across diverse learning domains. Data were collected through a structured online survey distributed over a month and analyzed using quantitative measures (i.e., SPSS). Sixty precent (60%) of the students reported using ChatGPT for homework assistance, with 27.7% doing so weekly. Additionally, 45.5% utilized it for research, 35.5% for exam preparation, and approximately 30% for language learning and content discussions. Over 60% of the students recognized moderate to significant positive impacts of ChatGPT on their academic performance, research skills, and technical competencies. However, 38.7% reported no discernible effects on critical thinking. Factor analysis identified engagement as a key pathway for ChatGPT to enrich learning, with usage strongly linked to participation and motivation. Regression analysis determined usage frequency, satisfaction, and perceived usefulness as significant predictors of ChatGPT’s academic effectiveness, evidenced by beta coefficients of 0.21 for usage frequency and 0.25 for satisfaction. The findings showcase ChatGPT’s promising versatility as an AI-powered educational tool, while emphasizing the need for ethical frameworks, balanced expectations, and holistic adoption strategies to maximize benefits and minimize risks. Further research into pedagogical integration capabilities and evolving impacts will be critical as advanced AI becomes increasingly pervasive throughout education.
Exploring Indigenous Knowledge Systems Integrated in Natural Sciences Practical Work in Selected South African Schools
Authors: Mlotshwa Nombuso Petunia S , Tsakeni Maria
Published: October 2024

This study used the nature of indigenous knowledge (NOIK) framework to explore indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) practices that were integrated when practical work in natural sciences was facilitated. In this interpretive explorative case study, data were collected by semistructured interviews, lesson observations and a focus group interview conducted with three purposively selected natural sciences teachers and two natural sciences district officials in the province of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. Thematic analysis techniques were used to analyze the data that were collected. Three findings on ways to integrate IKS in science practical work are the following. First, IKS was integrated in practical work through teaching of applied science and including the learners’ lived experiences of local technologies to solve problems. Second, practical work that integrated IKS was conducted as empirical observations of natural phenomena, which included genetic variation of plants and animals, including human beings, animal behavior, using moon cycles and the movement of the sun to guide day-to-day, cultural and agricultural activities. Third, some of the IKS included myths and superstitions that distorted the public understanding of science but were nevertheless used to persuade people to uphold certain cultural practices. The study recommends comparing NOIK and the nature of science when integrating IKS in the classroom to enable learners to distinguish myths from scientific facts.
Enhancing Authentic Assessment in Large-Class Design Education Through Authentic Project-Based Learning
Authors: Indriati Lisa , Mai Neo , Tan Heidi Yeen-Ju
Published: October 2024

As global economies advance, the cultivation of critical thinking and creativity in higher education is increasingly important for societal and economic progress. Adopting traditional educational methods to larger class sizes where personalized attention is scarce is crucial. This research delves into the fusion of blended and authentic project-based learning by integrating online and face-to-face instruction to immerse students in practical scenarios. The study examines how these integrated methods can improve student engagement, critical thinking, creativity, and proposes an effective assessment system for large-class design education. Drawing from Herrington’s principles of authentic learning and utilizing a mixed-method approach, which includes a Likert scale survey of Design Management students, the research indicates a notable impact of blended and authentic learning on assessment outcomes. The study, presented within the ANABLE (Assessment strategy iN Authentic Blended Learning Environment) framework, emphasizes the enhancements in assessment practices. These improvements enable educators to track learning progress, identify areas needing enhancement, and gauge proficiency levels. The results imply that these pedagogical methods boost learning outcomes by involving students in complex, relevant problems, encouraging deep cognitive engagement, and offering personalized feedback. The findings suggest that these integrated strategies provide practical solutions for large classes, effectively equipping students for contemporary workforce requirements. Enhancing assessment techniques and promoting active learning enhance comprehension and memory retention, develop pertinent skills, foster deeper learning, facilitate fruitful collaboration, and enhance both assessment results and overall student contentment.
Preservice Teachers' Perceptions, Attitudes, and Challenges of Using Scratch as a Coding Tool to Foster Active Learning in Life Sciences Classrooms
Authors: Mashishi Thato Charlot , Ramaila Sam
Published: October 2024

In the contemporary educational landscape, integrating technology into teaching practices is crucial for promoting active engagement and learning, particularly in science classrooms. This study investigated preservice teachers' perceptions of using Scratch as a coding tool to enhance active learning in Life Sciences classrooms. Adopting a qualitative research design, the study used purposive sampling to select five preservice teachers with relevant Life Sciences teaching experience. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews and classroom observations, and thematic analysis was employed to examine the data. The study found that Scratch was perceived positively by preservice teachers as a tool that could foster essential twenty-first-century skills such as collaboration, problem-solving, critical thinking, innovation, and communication. Preservice teachers demonstrated varying levels of familiarity with and adaptability to Scratch, influencing their methods of integration into teaching. While the tool showed promise in engaging students and enhancing active learning, the study also uncovered significant challenges, including resource limitations, inadequate teacher support, and logistical issues such as load shedding. These findings underscore the potential of Scratch to support innovative teaching practices and develop critical skills in learners. However, they also highlight the need for improved resources and support structures to maximise the effectiveness of technology integration. The study offers valuable insights for curriculum developers, higher education institutions, educational communities, and teachers, emphasising the need for strategic interventions to address implementation challenges and optimise the use of Scratch in fostering 4IR skills and preparing students for future careers.
The Role of Industrial Internship Activities to Improve Digital Competency of Engineering Students: Perception of Engineering Managers in Industry
Authors: . Rosnelli , Ariyanto Mochammad , Purba Saut
Published: October 2024

Collaboration between the campus and the industrial world can bridge the gap that occurs between the campus and the industrial world, so that both can be integrated and synergized. This study qualitatively explored the contribution of maximizing work-integrated learning through industrial internships. The research findings from the perspective of three industry managers reveal that industrial internships can improve engineering students’ digital engineering competencies such as digital engineering observation and identification, basic and technical understanding of digital technology, work safety, predictive maintenance and programming skills to be ready to enter the workforce. The implications of the research reveal that through industrial internships students can learn from mistakes and challenges faced during industrial projects, for the development of their professional competencies. In addition, the experience and development of digital engineering competencies from the industrial world can be used as a reference for their final assignments, as well as enriching the quality of their research and academic reports, as it can bridge the gap between formal education and the demands in the ever-evolving world of work.
Exploring Teaching Strategies Used by University Instructors to Enhance Student Engagement in Academic Subjects
Authors: Ummi Amal , Chenshuai Wu , Vijayaratnam Phawani , Rajanthran Subashini K. , V Girija , Ravindran Thashvindran
Published: October 2024

This study explored the diverse strategies employed by university instructors, highlighting the need for adaptive teaching strategies consistent with constructivist theories to enhance student engagement in academic subjects. Because of the changing educational landscape, university instructors face challenges sustaining continuous student engagement. The study aimed to discover proactive measures that foster and stimulate student engagement, contributing to a more inclusive educational environment. Using a qualitative approach, in-depth face-to-face interviews and open-ended online questionnaires were conducted with 16 university instructors from Malaysia and China. The findings revealed the significant role of flexible teaching strategies in overcoming challenges and provided valuable insights for refining instructional practices to address diverse learning styles and cultural backgrounds. The research underscores the necessity of continuous adaptation and innovation to meet the evolving demands of modern education, guiding instructors to create more dynamic and responsive learning experiences.
Immersive Sciences: Engaging Young Minds in Natural Sciences through Virtual and Augmented Reality
Authors: Poveda-Mora Ana , Pinilla-Arbex Javier , Magán Germán Ros
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the impact of virtual environments (VEs), such as Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR), on learning processes within Natural Sciences course of second-grade primary education. To address this objective, an experimental study was designed using a sample of 24 students aged 7 to 8 years from Spain. The subjects used VR and AR to teach about the human body. Knowledge gains were evaluated with pre-tests, post-tests, and delayed tests. Results showed significant improvements in student understanding of the human body. All students improved their results after the experience using VEs, and 14 students achieved post-test scores 80% higher than their pre-test results. The gains obtained through the experience were sustained over time, even after 52 days. While VEs were generally well-received and sparked interest among students in continuing their use, some expressed a preference for traditional learning methods. This research highlights the potential of using VR and AR to overcome challenges in learning abstract or inscrutable concepts in Natural Sciences, such as understanding the internal elements of the human body. By offering immersive experiences, these tools provide a more realistic and tangible view of the subject matter. However, they should be used to complement, not replace, other methodologies, ensuring they align with the student' interests and needs.
An Analysis of Indonesian Islamic Higher Education Institutions in the Era of Globalization
Authors: Achruh Achruh , Sukirman Sukirman
Published: October 2024

This study aims to explore how globalization and religious conservatism shape institutional and individual identities within Indonesian Islamic Higher Education Institutions (IHEIs). Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 30 experienced scholars, selected using purposive sampling from various IHEIs across Indonesia. The study found that globalization is perceived as a double-edged sword, offering opportunities for knowledge expansion and intercultural dialogue while also raising concerns about the erosion of cultural and religious identity. Religious conservatism manifested in a spectrum of responses, from traditionalist interpretations of Islam to advocacy for progressive and inclusive approaches. Participants’ responses varied, demonstrating IHEI agency in adapting curricula to integrate modern subjects while safeguarding Islamic principles. The study also highlighted individual agency within IHEIs, where scholars navigate personal beliefs and institutional expectations, advocating for social change within the boundaries of cultural and religious norms. However, this agency is often constrained by institutional structures and societal pressures. These findings underscored the need for context-specific policies that acknowledge diversity within IHEIs and empower both institutions and individuals to navigate the complexities of globalization and religious conservatism while preserving their unique identities.