bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Appendectomy and the Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Korean Nationwide Study
Authors: Park Kye Won , Woo Hyeong Taek , Hwang Yun Su , Lee Seung Hyun , Chung Sun Ju
Published: May 2024

Background

The vermiform appendix is considered a potential reservoir for the abnormal α‐synuclein aggregate in Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous epidemiologic evidence on the association between appendectomy and PD risk remains inconclusive, especially outside the Western world.

Objectives

To investigate the association between appendectomy and PD risk in Korea.

Methods

Among 703,831 eligible adult subjects in the National Health Insurance Service sample cohort, we identified 16,122 patients who underwent appendectomy. The rest formed the control group. PD risk was assessed using time‐dependent Cox regression analyses.

Results

The appendectomy group did not have altered risk of PD compared with the control group in either unadjusted [hazard ratio (HR) 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97–1.80, P = 0.08] or adjusted model (HR 1.42, CI 0.88–2.30, P = 0.15). No further statistical difference appeared when stratified by sex.

Conclusions

Appendectomy is not associated with altered risk of PD in the Korean population.
Share pledging: Measuring margin call pressure and its influence on liquidity commonality
Authors: Zhang Junping , Li Ping
Published: May 2024

While share pledging is a widespread leveraged financing practice in global stock markets, its potential impact on firms' exposure to market risk remains a topic of concern. In the context of the Chinese market, this study investigates the relationship between insiders' share pledging pressure and stock liquidity risk, with a particular focus on stock liquidity commonality. Using data from Chinese firms listed between 2009 and 2022, we find a positive correlation between heightened share pledging pressure and increased stock liquidity commonality. To precisely capture the margin call pressure arising from share pledging, we introduce an innovative method that considers both the price at which shares are pledged and their subsequent price dynamics. This relationship persists after addressing endogeneity concerns. Furthermore, we find that firms under significant share pledging pressure often resort to earnings manipulation, which exacerbates stock liquidity commonality. The findings underscore the significance of understanding the risks and impacts of share pledging in terms of liquidity risk. Insiders who utilize share pledging as a financing channel face a delicate balance between the benefits of expanded funding sources and the risks of losing control due to sustained stock price declines. This study provides valuable insights for investors, policymakers, and regulatory authorities in managing the potential liquidity risks associated with share pledging activities in the Chinese market.
Management behaviour in Confucian culture
Authors: Gu Zhihui , Zhang Rui
Published: May 2024

Confucian culture, the core value of Chinese society, influences daily life and, in the business world, has a significant impact on management behaviour. Based on an introduction of Confucian culture and Chinese society, this study investigates how Confucian culture influences management behaviour from the perspectives of economic performance, corporate governance, human capital and innovation. Furthermore, this paper discusses the implications for future research on Confucian culture and management behaviour. The analysis in this study provides a reference for research on management behaviour under specific cultural patterns.
Filamentation and inhibition of prokaryotic CTP synthase with ligands
Authors: Guo Chenjun , Wang Zixuan , Liu Ji‐Long
Published: May 2024

Cytidine triphosphate synthase (CTPS) plays a pivotal role in the de novo synthesis of cytidine triphosphate (CTP), a fundamental building block for RNA and DNA that is essential for life. CTPS is capable of directly binding to all four nucleotide triphosphates: adenine triphosphate, uridine triphosphate, CTP, and guanidine triphosphate. Furthermore, CTPS can form cytoophidia in vivo and metabolic filaments in vitro, undergoing regulation at multiple levels. CTPS is considered a potential therapeutic target for combating invasions or infections by viral or prokaryotic pathogens. Utilizing cryo‐electron microscopy, we determined the structure of Escherichia coli CTPS (ecCTPS) filament in complex with CTP, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), and the covalent inhibitor 6‐diazo‐5‐oxo‐
l‐norleucine (DON), achieving a resolution of 2.9 Å. We constructed a phylogenetic tree based on differences in filament‐forming interfaces and designed a variant to validate our hypothesis, providing an evolutionary perspective on CTPS filament formation. Our computational analysis revealed a solvent‐accessible ammonia tunnel upon DON binding. Through comparative structural analysis, we discern a distinct mode of CTP binding of ecCTPS that differs from eukaryotic counterparts. Combining biochemical assays and structural analysis, we determined and validated the synergistic inhibitory effects of CTP with NADH or adenine on CTPS. Our results expand our comprehension of the diverse regulatory aspects of CTPS and lay a foundation for the design of specific inhibitors targeting prokaryotic CTPS.
The impact of demography in a model of malaria with transmission‐blocking drugs
Authors: Ouifki Rachid , Banasiak Jacek , Tchoumi Stéphane Yanick
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we develop and analyze a mathematical model for spreading malaria, including treatment with transmission‐blocking drugs (TBDs). The paper's main aim is to demonstrate the impact the chosen model for demographic growth has on the disease's transmission and the effect of its treatment with TBDs. We calculate the model's control reproduction number and equilibria and perform a global stability analysis of the disease‐free equilibrium point. The mathematical analysis reveals that, depending on the model's demography, the model can exhibit forward, backward, and even some unconventional types of bifurcation, where disease elimination can occur for both small and large values of the reproduction number. We also conduct a numerical analysis to explore the short‐time behavior of the model. A key finding is that for one type of demographic growth, the population experienced a significantly higher disease burden than the others, and when exposed to high levels of treatment with TBDs, only this population succeeded in effectively eliminating the disease within a reasonable timeframe.
Accurate machine‐specific reference and small‐field dosimetry for a self‐shielded neuro‐radiosurgical system
Authors: Jermain Peter R. , Muir Bryan , McEwen Malcolm , Niu Ying , Pang Dalong
Published: May 2024

Background

The newly available ZAP‐X stereotactic radiosurgical system is designed for the treatment of intracranial lesions, with several unique features that include a self‐shielding, gyroscopic gantry, wheel collimation, non‐orthogonal kV imaging, short source‐axis distance, and low‐energy megavoltage beam. Systematic characterization of its radiation as well as other properties is imperative to ensure its safe and effective clinical application.

Purpose

To accurately determine the radiation output of the ZAP‐X with a special focus on the smaller diameter cones and an aim to provide useful recommendations on quantification of small field dosimetry.

Methods

Six different types of detectors were used to measure relative output factors at field sizes ranging from 4 to 25 mm, including the PTW microSilicon and microdiamond diodes, Exradin W2 plastic scintillator, Exradin A16 and A1SL ionization chambers, and the alanine dosimeter. The 25 mm cone served as the reference field size. Absolute dose was determined with both TG‐51‐based dosimetry using a calibrated PTW Semiflex ion chamber and measurements using alanine dosimeters.

Results

The average radiation output factors (maximum deviation from the average) measured with the microDiamond, microSilicon, and W2 detectors were: for the 4 mm cone, 0.741 (1.0%); for the 5 mm cone: 0.817 (1.0%); for the 7.5 mm cone: 0.908 (1.0%); for the 10 mm cone: 0.946 (0.4%); for the 12.5 mm cone: 0.964 (0.2%); for the 15 mm cone: 0.976 (0.1%); for the 20 mm cone: 0.990 (0.1%). For field sizes larger than 10 mm, the A1SL and A16 micro‐chambers also yielded consistent output factors within 1.5% of those obtained using the microSilicon, microdiamond, and W2 detectors. The absolute dose measurement obtained with alanine was within 1.2%, consistent with combined uncertainties, compared to the PTW Semiflex chamber for the 25 mm reference cone.

Conclusion

For field sizes less than 10 mm, the microSilicon diode, microDiamond detector, and W2 scintillator are suitable devices for accurate small field dosimetry of the ZAP‐X system. For larger fields, the A1SL and A16 micro‐chambers can also be used. Furthermore, alanine dosimetry can be an accurate verification of reference and absolute dose typically measured with ion chambers. Use of multiple suitable detectors and uncertainty analyses were recommended for reliable determination of small field radiation outputs.
Outcomes after intervention for enteral nutrition in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in multidisciplinary clinics
Authors: Fullam Timothy , Hunt Suzanne L. , Han Madison , Denesia Jacob , Chandrashekhar Swathy , Jawdat Omar , Piccione Ezequiel , Fernandes J. Americo , Statland Jeffrey
Published: May 2024

Introduction/Aims

Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are susceptible to malnutrition, with appropriate management of nutritional interventions an active area of investigation. We sought to determine the impact of gastrostomy tube placement in ALS patients, exploring the correlation between forced vital capacity (FVC), malnutrition, and perioperative complications.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed of clinically diagnosed ALS patients treated at two multidisciplinary clinics (University of Kansas, University of Nebraska) from January 2009 to September 2020 who were referred for gastrostomy. Data collected included demographics, disease characteristics, and key gastrostomy related dates/outcomes.

Results

Two hundred thirty‐nine patients were included with a median age of 65 years and median of 589 days from symptom onset to gastrostomy (interquartile range, 404–943). The population was predominantly Non‐Hispanic White with bulbar‐onset ALS. 30‐day mortality was 4% and 30‐day morbidity was 13%. Weight loss, body mass index, and predicted FVC at placement showed no increased 30‐day morbidity or mortality association. Bulbar‐onset ALS patients exhibited higher overall mortality postplacement than limb onset (odds ratio: 1.85, 95% confidence interval: 1.03–3.33). There was a 5% incidence of symptoms suggestive of refeeding syndrome.

Discussion

Rates of major/minor complications and 30‐day mortality related to gastrostomy placement in our population were similar compared with prior studies in ALS. The lack of difference in outcomes based on FVC at procedure may suggest this is not predictive of outcome, or perhaps, high‐quality perioperative respiratory management. Alternative reasons may account for the increased morbidity and mortality of gastrostomy placement in the ALS population.
Abrasive waterjet cutting of r‐GO infused magnesium fiber metal laminates: Experimental investigations and optimization through gorilla troops algorithm
Authors: Siva Kumar M. , Rajamani D.
Published: May 2024

Laminated metal‐composite structures, known as fiber metal laminates (FMLs), are modern lightweight materials extensively utilized in diverse industries such as aerospace and automotive manufacturing. These materials offer enhanced impact and fatigue resistance, making them invaluable for various applications. However, machining FMLs poses a challenge due to the occurrence of delamination and heterogenous in nature during conventional methods. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the quality characteristics such as kerf width, surface roughness and kerf taper of Magnesium based FMLs processed with an unconventional machining process namely abrasive water jet cutting (AWJC). These FMLs comprise alternately stacked kevlar/carbon fibers adhesively bonded with epoxy resin matrix filled with varying wt% of reduced graphene oxide (r‐GO), combined with AZ31B alloy sheet as the skin material. AWJC experiments were performed by varying the process parameters including waterjet pressure (275–325 MPa), stand‐off distance (2.5–3.5 mm), and cutting speed (600–800 mm/min) based on the box–behnken experimental design. The findings from the statistical analysis underscore the significant influences of stand‐off distance and waterjet pressure on kerf characteristics, while the inclusion of r‐GO is observed to notably affect the surface quality. In pursuit of enhancing cut quality, a multi‐response optimization was conducted employing the Gorilla Troops Optimization (GTO) algorithm. Comparative analysis with established metaheuristics like the gray wolf algorithm, dragonfly algorithm, and harmony search algorithm reveals GTO's superior performance across various metrics, including rapid convergence, diversity, and spacing values. Further, the cutting‐induced damages such as matrix plowing, fiber‐metal debonding and composite delamination were observed through microstructure analysis.

Highlights

Magnesium (AZ31B) fiber metal laminate comprising with various wt% of reduced graphene oxide was fabricated.

Abrasive waterjet cutting of FMLs were performed based on box–behnken design experimental approach.

Statistical analysis and influence of process parameters on the kerf width, surface roughness and kerf taper were investigated.

Multi‐response optimization was carried out using metaheuristic‐based gorilla troops algorithm.
Design, optimization, manufacture, and tests of CFRP hydraulic cylinder tube without metal liner: A bionic thorn‐tooth connection
Authors: Li Yao , Shang Yaoxing , Wan Xiaofei , Yu Tian , Zhao Xi , Jiao Zongxia
Published: May 2024

Hydraulic cylinders are widely used in rudder surface control, landing gear retraction of aircraft. The aircraft could benefit a lot on weight reduction, by the application of the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFPR) on the hydraulic cylinder. The design, optimization, manufacture of the CFRP hydraulic cylinder tube without metal liner is systematically studied in this article. In terms of structure design, inspired by natural thorn plants, a bionic thorn‐tooth connection structure is designed to connect CFRP and the metal end. Then the theoretical design method of thorn‐tooth is proposed. It also provides a new solution for the generic technology of CFRP‐to‐metal connection. In terms of CFRP parameters design method, an accurate mechanical model of CFRP hydraulic tube is established, the influence law of CFRP parameters on mechanical properties is explored, and the optimization method of CFRP parameters adapted to new characteristics is proposed. In terms of the manufacturing process, the split manufacturing‐combined molding process with high precision and low cost is developed to fit the characteristics of CFRP hydraulic tube without metal liner. The prototype manufactured by the proposed method has a weight reduction ratio of 62.37% while maintaining performances compared to the original metal hydraulic cylinder tube. This research will bring significant performance gains and considerable economic and environmental benefits to aircrafts.

Highlights

The systematic study of CFRP hydraulic tube without metal liner is presented for weight reduction.

The bionic thorn‐tooth connection and its parameter design method are proposed.

The CFRP parameters design method of CFRP hydraulic tube is established.

A manufacturing process adapted to CFRP hydraulic tube without metal liner is developed.
In‐situ strain evolution mechanisms within a prestressed carbon composite
Authors: Zhao Chenmin , Wang Bing , Lin Xinyu , Yu Folian , Guan Chenglong , Zhong Shuncong
Published: May 2024

Thermal residual stress generated during curing is known to be detrimental to mechanical performance of a carbon composite. Fiber prestressing technique has been developed for decades to counterbalance these negative effects. Although there have been some achievements in development of the prestress mechanisms, these are mainly based on the extrapolations from macroscopic mechanical characterizations, lack of direct evaluation of the in‐situ in‐plane strain or stress evolution mechanisms, in order to reveal the impact induced by different prestressing methods. Here, we investigated the in‐situ strain evolution mechanisms in producing a prestressed carbon composite. Since clamping of the uncured prepreg is the most challenging, both the strain evolutions with and without precured prepreg edges were evaluated to reveal the underlying mechanisms induced by stress relaxation during fiber prestressing. Mechanical tests in terms of Charpy impact and three‐point bending, as well as fractured morphology were carried out to evaluate the prestress effects. The underlying mechanisms were then proposed to reveal the fundamentals in producing a prestressed composite. These are expected to revolutionize industrial production and applications of prestressed polymeric composites, indicating detrimental mechanisms on precuring strip ends following conventional prestress procedures.

Highlights

There is an optimal prestrain level to maximize properties of a composite.

Internal strain development is dependent on the fiber clamping methods.

Stress relaxation is beneficial to induce compressive stress within a composite.

In‐situ strain evolution mechanics is revealed for prestressed carbon composite.
Emulsionströpfchen kontrolliert stabilisieren und aufbrechen
Authors: Rey Marcel , Löwen Hartmut
Published: May 2024

Mikrogele bilden eine dünne Schutzschicht um ein Tröpfchen und stabilisieren diese. Sobald jedoch die Temperatur über 32 °C steigt, schrumpfen die Mikrogele und das Tröpfchen löst sich in der umgebenden Flüssigkeit auf. Nun offenbart sich der zugrunde liegende Mechanismus dieses Prozesses, welcher die gezielte Verabreichung von Medikamenten revolutionieren könnte.
Registration of CDL‐111 and CDL‐167 oat germplasm lines with pyramided adult plant crown rust resistance
Authors: Nazareno Eric S. , Caspers Roger , Caffe Melanie , Smith Kevin , Rines Howard W. , Kianian Shahryar F.
Published: May 2024

Oat (Avena sativa L.) production worldwide is constrained by crown rust (caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae), which can cause significant yield losses. The disease is often controlled by spraying fungicides or planting resistant cultivars. Developing host resistance, however, is a challenge due to the high genetic variability of the pathogen. Race‐specific resistance usually succumbs to new races in just a few years. As such, the USDA‐ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory developed mapping populations to identify adult plant resistance (APR) loci from Avena sativa donors. Resistant lines from the mapping populations were selected and crossed with buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica L.) nursery selection lines BT1020‐1‐1 and BT1021‐1‐1, which possess a different gene for crown rust resistance derived from Avena strigosa. From the crosses, CDL‐111 (Reg. no. GP‐122, PI 702639) and CDL‐167 (Reg. no. GP‐123, PI 702640), both containing three APR quantitative trait loci, were selected as germplasm for resistance breeding. High‐throughput markers for selection were developed and implemented in pyramiding the APR loci.
The School Suicide Policy Evaluation Tool (SSPET): A proof‐of‐concept for assessing school suicide prevention policies
Authors: Wirthlin Douglas , Richards Zeke , Crandall Cody S. , Mortensen Shad P. , Richards Jackson R. , Bakian Amanda V.
Published: May 2024

Background

As adolescent suicide rates have increased, there has been a nationwide increase in legislation requiring schools to create suicide prevention policies. In Utah, school districts must implement a youth suicide program for grades 7–12. Currently, there have been no systematic analyses of Utah school district suicide prevention policies. Thus, we developed a new evaluation instrument, the School Suicide Policy Evaluation Tool (SSPET).

Methods

The SSPET was derived from the “Model School District Policy” and evaluates criteria on prevention, intervention, re‐entry, and postvention. Four raters used the SSPET in a systematic analysis of suicide prevention policies for all school districts in the state of Utah.

Results

Analysis revealed a right‐skewed distribution of policy scores, and a median total score was 2.25/36. The mean percentage of inclusion of the four subsections in policies was less than 20% for most criteria. Median scores were totaled for the four subsections as follows: Prevention score was 1/9, intervention score was 1/14, re‐entry score was 0/4, and postvention score was 0/9.

Conclusion

This proof‐of‐concept study demonstrates the utility of the SSPET in identifying shortcomings of school district policies on suicide while generating specific recommendations for improvement. With further validity testing, we expect this tool to be useful to school district administrators, education policymakers, and those studying suicide interventions and outcomes in school‐aged children and adolescents.
Cooperative target fencing of multiple double‐integrator systems with connectivity preservation
Authors: Pan Zini , Chen Ben M.
Published: May 2024

In this article, we study the cooperative target‐fencing problem of multiple double‐integrator systems over a state‐dependent communication network. We propose a distributed control law to asymptotically fence a moving target while achieving both collision avoidance and connectivity preservation of the vehicles. In particular, a distributed observer is employed by each vehicle to estimate the position and the velocity of the target. Compared with the existing results, our approach can accommodate a larger class of target's trajectories. Furthermore, our control law is more practical since we do not require all vehicles to know the trajectory of the target. The effectiveness of our approach is illustrated by a numerical example.
Ecosystem services to support sustainable development: The modifiable areal unit problem in the transition between evaluation and management units
Authors: Zhu Wenjie , Jin Xiaobin , Zhang Xiaolin , Liu Jingping , Zhou Yinkang
Published: May 2024

Understanding the role of ecosystem services (ES) and their interactions at different spatial scales in territorial space governance is crucial for sustainable development. However, a unified analysis of scale and zoning effects on ES supporting sustainable development remains a theoretical and practical gap. Therefore, this study utilized the traditional concept of the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) to establish the ES‐MAUP framework. Additionally, the highly urbanized region of Southern Jiangsu, China, was selected as a case study area to quantitatively evaluate four typical regulating ecosystem services in 2020: urban cooling (UC), flood mitigation (FM), soil conservation (SC), and net primary productivity (NPP). The spatial characteristic information of these four ES was effectively preserved with increasing spatial scale. Significant differences existed in the hotspot patterns of NPP, UC, and SC among different zoning units. Across the three zoning units, the correlations between NPP‐UC, NPP‐SC, and UC‐SC exhibited consistent positive trends, while notable differences in correlations between other ES pairs, such as NPP‐FM and UC‐FM.
Green Synthesis of Various Heteroatom‐doped Carbon Quantum Dots from Urine, Whey, and Their Mixture: The Optimization of Synthesis and Potential Applications
Authors: Aydin Selin , Yilmaz Asli , Yilmaz Mehmet
Published: May 2024

The employment of biomass waste for the fabrication of carbon quantum dots (CQDs), as a novel fluorescent material with high photoluminescence (PL) activity, has gained intense interest for the last decade. However, the fabrication of CQD from biomass waste encounters challenges including low fluorescence yield, reproducibility, and stability. Therefore, the novel, simple, flexible fabrication routes for CQDs using biomass waste as a precursor are still essential for practical applications. In this study, we reported the employment of human urine (U), sour whey (W), and their mixture (U/W) as precursors for the hydrothermal green synthesis approach. For all cases, CQDs with an excitation‐dependent emission nature were obtained with a quantum yield (QY) value of 48 %, 28 %, and 39 % for U, W, and U/W, respectively. For each case, doping of various heteroatoms such as N, P, S, etc., in the structure of CQDs contributed PL characteristics with high QY, reasonably low cytotoxicity, and, robust pH and storage stability which indicate their high potential in various biomedical applications such as bioimaging and pH sensors. This study proves the utilization of human urine and whey as the precursors for the fabrication of CQDs through a low‐cost, flexible, and eco‐friendly green synthesis procedure.
A General Method for Elemental Sulfur Promoted Synthesis of Ortho‐Substituted Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalin‐4‐yl Anilines
Authors: Ho Tuan H. , Ngo Tran H. B. , Nguyen Tung T.
Published: May 2024

Synthesis of heteroaryl ortho‐substituted anilines is hitherto challenging. Herein we report scope and limitation of method for annulation of 1‐(2‐nitroaryl)pyrroles and derivatives of 2‐aminobenzyl alcohol to afford ortho‐substituted pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalin‐4‐yl anilines. Reaction conditions contained elemental sulfur as promoter, while were tolerant of a wide range of aryl and heteroaryl amines. Our method would offer a feasible tactic to yield anilines steric bulk with ortho heterocyclic substituents.
First‐Principles Simulation and Materials Screening for Spin‐Orbit Torque in 2D van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Wang Jinying , Nikonov Dmitri E , Lin Hongyang , Kang Dain , Kim Raseong , Li Hai , Klimeck Gerhard
Published: May 2024

Recent advancements in spin‐orbit torque (SOT) technology in two‐dimensional van der Waals (2D vdW) materials have not only pushed spintronic devices to their atomic limits but have also unveiled unconventional torques and novel spin‐switching mechanisms. The vast diversity of SOT observed in numerous 2D vdW materials necessitates a screening strategy to identify optimal materials for torque device performance. However, such a strategy has yet to be established. To address this critical issue, a combination of density functional theory and non‐equilibrium Green's function is employed to calculate the SOT in various 2D vdW bilayer heterostructures. This leads to the discovery of three high SOT systems: WTe2/CrSe2, MoTe2/VS2, and NbSe2/CrSe2. Furthermore, a figure of merit that allows for rapid and efficient estimation of SOT is proposed, enabling high‐throughput screening of optimal materials and devices for SOT applications in the future.
Printed Self‐Healing Stretchable Electronics for Bio‐signal Monitoring and Intelligent Packaging
Authors: Zhan Haoye , Wen Bo , Tian Bin , Zheng Ke , Li Quancai , Wu Wei
Published: May 2024

Integrating self‐healing capabilities into printed stretchable electronic devices is important for improving performance and extending device life. However, achieving printed self‐healing stretchable electronic devices with excellent device‐level healing ability and stretchability while maintaining outstanding electrical performance remains challenging. Herein, a series of printed device‐level self‐healing stretchable electronic devices is achieved by depositing liquid metal/silver fractal dendrites/polystyrene‐block‐polyisoprene‐block‐polystyrene (LM/Ag FDs/SIS) conductive inks onto a self‐healing thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film via screen printing method. Owing to the fluidic properties of the LM and the interfacial hydrogen bonding and disulfide bonds of TPU, the as‐obtained stretchable electronic devices maintain good electronic properties under strain and exhibit device‐level self‐healing properties without external stimulation. Printed self‐healing stretchable electrodes possess high electrical conductivity (1.6 × 105 S m−1), excellent electromechanical properties, and dynamic stability, with only a 2.5‐fold increase in resistance at 200% strain, even after a complete cut and re‐healing treatment. The printed self‐healing capacitive stretchable strain sensor shows good linearity (R2≈0.9994) in a wide sensing range (0%–200%) and is successfully applied to bio‐signal detection. Furthermore, the printed self‐healing electronic smart label is designed and can be used for real‐time environmental monitoring, which exhibits promising potential for practical application in food preservation packaging.
Elimination of Intragrain Defect to Enhance the Performance of FAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells by Ionic Liquid
Authors: Wan Yi‐Xian , Du Hong‐Qiang , Jiang Yang , Zhi Rui , Xie Zheng‐Wen , Zhou Yi‐Chen , Rothman Mathias Uller , Tao Zhi‐Wei , Yin Zhi‐Wen , Liang Gui‐Jie , Li Wang‐Nan , Cheng Yi‐Bing , Li Wei
Published: May 2024

Ionic liquids have been widely used to improve the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and are generally believed to passivate defects on the grain boundaries of perovskites. However, few studies have focused on the relevant effects of ionic liquids on intragrain defects in perovskites which have been shown to be critical for the performance of PSCs. In this work, the effect of ionic liquid 1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazolium iodide (HMII) on intragrain defects of formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) perovskite is investigated. Abundant {111}c intragrain planar defects in pure FAPbI3 grains are found to be significantly reduced by the addition of the ionic liquid HMII, shown by using ultra‐low‐dose selected area electron diffraction. As a result, longer charge carrier lifetimes, higher photoluminescence quantum yield, better charge carrier transport properties, lower Urbach energy, and current–voltage hysteresis are achieved, and the champion power conversion efficiency of 24.09% is demonstrated. These observations suggest that ionic liquids significantly improve device performance resulting from the elimination of {111}c intragrain planar defects.
Unraveling the Mechanisms of Zirconium Metal–Organic Frameworks‐Based Mixed‐Matrix Membranes Preventing Polysulfide Shuttling
Authors: Lu Wenqing , Pang Zhenfeng , Lamaire Aran , Liu Fu , Dai Shan , Pinto Moisés L. , Demir‐Cakan Rezan , Ooi Tan Kong , Van Speybroeck Veronique , Pimenta Vanessa , Serre Christian
Published: May 2024

Lithium–sulfur batteries are considered as promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage devices for grid applications due to their high theoretical energy density. However, the inevitable shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides and/or dendrite growth of Li metal anodes hinder their commercial viability. Herein, the microporous Zr fumarate metal–organic framework (MOF)‐801(Zr) is considered to produce thin (≈15.6 μm, ≈1 mg cm2) mixed‐matrix membranes (MMM) as a novel interlayer for Li–S batteries. It is found that the MOF‐801(Zr)/C/PVDF‐HFP composite interlayer facilitates Li+ ions diffusion, and anchors polysulfides while promoting their redox conversion effectively. It is demonstrated that MOF‐801 effectively trapped polysulfides at the cathode side, and confirmed for the first time the nature of the interaction between the adsorbed polysulfides and the host framework, through a combination of solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance and molecular dynamics simulations. The incorporation of MOF‐801(Zr)/C/PVDF‐HFP MMM interlayer results in a notable enhancement in the initial capacity of Li–S batteries up to 1110 mA h g−1. Moreover, even after 50 cycles, a specific capacity of 880 mA h g−1 is delivered.
Fabrication and Analysis of the Wear Properties of High‐Vanadium High‐Speed Steel through Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Tong Shuaiwu , Wei Shizhong , Chen Chong
Published: May 2024

High‐vanadium high‐speed steel (HVHSS), known for its exceptional wear resistance, is widely used in industries such as steel production, bearing manufacturing, and the manufacture of cutting tools and high‐end components. To address the need for improved performance under challenging service conditions, the fabrication of HVHSS is investigated using spark plasma sintering (SPS) as an alternative to traditional casting methods. The research focuses on analyzing the microstructural changes in HVHSS samples produced by SPS under various sintering temperatures. These samples are then compared with those of cast HVHSS in terms of their microstructures, mechanical properties, and wear resistance. The study found that at a sintering temperature of 900 °C, the SPS‐fabricated HVHSS achieved a relative density of 98.1%. The fine and evenly dispersed carbides (mainly M7C3 and VC) in the matrix increased the microscopic hardness to 654.1 HV, which is higher than that of the cast sample. Notably, the wear resistance is significantly enhanced, showing increases of 15.48 cm−3 and ≈18% in absolute and relative terms, respectively. These results show that SPS fabrication is a major technique for enhancing the wear resistance and optimizing the microstructure of HVHSS.
Breaking the silence: Student affairs’ role in Black male faculty well‐being at predominantly White institutions
Authors: Ellis Antonio L. , Moss Phelton C.
Published: May 2024

In this article, we investigate the nuanced challenges facing Black male faculty members in predominantly White institutions (PWIs) regarding their mental health. Through an exploration of the multifaceted roles and responsibilities of student affairs professionals, we uncover actionable strategies that can foster a supportive and inclusive environment for this affinity group in PWIs. Drawing from historical context, contemporary experiences, and future considerations, our analysis highlights the systemic barriers and cultural dynamics contributing to this crisis. Through an intersectional lens, we explore the unique stressors faced by Black male faculty, including racial discrimination, microaggressions, isolation, and the pressure to perform “diversity work” without adequate institutional support. By shedding light on these issues, we aim to spark critical conversations and advocate for systemic changes that prioritize the mental health and well‐being of Black male faculty in PWIs, fostering inclusive and supportive academic environments for all faculty members.
Resources
Authors: Palmer Robert T. , McMickens Tryan L. , Martin Brianna Elise , McFadden Darieon
Published: May 2024

In this conclusion, we provide resources that offer implications for practice for Black men in college navigating mental health. This includes resources from community‐based organizations, professional associations, and other support outlets that support the needs of Black men in college. These resources will be useful to graduate students, faculty, and institutional leaders seeking information on how to aid the needs of Black men in college contending with mental health challenges.
Considerations in developing a financial model for an academic statistical consulting centre
Authors: Brown Christy , Di Yanming , Slone Stacey
Published: May 2024

In operating an academic statistical consulting centre, it is essential to develop a strategy for covering the anticipated costs incurred, such as personnel, facilities, third‐party data, professional development and marketing, and for handling the revenues generated from sources such as university commitments, extramural grants, fees for service, internal memorandums of understanding and consulting courses. As such, this article describes each of these costs and revenue sources in turn, discusses how they vary over phases of a project and life cycles of a centre, provides a review of both historical and modern perspectives in the literature and includes illustrative examples of financial models from three different institutions. These points of consideration are meant to inform consulting groups who are interested in becoming either more or less centrally structured.
Challenges in structural design and execution: Stuttgart's new central station
Authors: Bechmann Roland , Schmid Angelika
Published: May 2024

Stuttgart's main station is being completely revised and remodeled as part of the Stuttgart Ulm railway project. The old terminus station is being replaced by an underground through station. The chalice supports are a major design feature of the new platform hall. This article describes how they were designed.
Consumer willingness to pay for improved drinking water in District Buner
Authors: Ali Shahid , Ghani Abdul , Ullah Imran , Khan Fasih Ahmad , Ali Zeeshan
Published: May 2024

This study investigates households' willingness to pay (WTP) for better water systems, clean water availability, and water quality in Gadaizi tehsil, District Buner, Pakistan. This research aims to shed light on various aspects of water quality, health impacts, and socioeconomic factors influencing households' ability to pay for superior water services. This research also looks into waterborne infection and water purification methods residents utilize to mitigate the risk of water pollution. Utilizing a mixed‐method approach with a structured questionnaire, data from 62 households were collected. SPSS was used for data analysis. Findings reveal awareness of water contamination issues, primarily attributed to marble industries. Most households use untreated water, boiling, chemicals, or candle filters. Water purification methods are influenced by media exposure and higher income. Common waterborne diseases, such as typhoid and diarrhea, are treated in private hospitals. Consumer WTP for better water systems depends on income, education, and media exposure, in which income has a statistically significant positive effect on WTP for improved water services. Although 76% of households do not use any water purification method. 84% of households are willing to adopt a private sector‐provided system. Importantly, this study highlights the necessity for public health initiatives and a thorough understanding of socioeconomic issues to guide political choices for better water delivery. These insights can inform policies that prioritize public health and ensure better access to clean water for all.
Re: Selective fetal growth restriction in dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy: systematic review and meta‐analysis of pregnancy and perinatal outcomes
Authors: Papastefanou I. , Nicolaides K. H.
Published: May 2024

Linked article: This Correspondence comments on D'Antonio et al. Click here to view the article.
Responding to the need: An evaluation of the subspecialty units in a pediatric surgical department in a limited resource setting using selected optimal resources for children's surgery strategies
Authors: Govender T. R. , Scribante J. , Govender T. , Withers A. , Loveland J. A.
Published: May 2024

Background

The Global Initiative for Children's Surgery group published the Optimal Resources for Children's Surgery (OReCS) document outlining the essential criteria and strategies for children's surgical care in low‐resource settings. Limited data exist on subspecialties in pediatric surgery and their contribution to global surgery efforts. The study aimed to evaluate the development of subspecialty units within Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital (CHBAH) Department of Pediatric Surgery (DPS) from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021 using selected OReCS strategies for the improvement of pediatric surgery.

Methods

A retrospective descriptive research design was followed. The study population consisted of CHBAH PSD records. The following data were collected: number of patients managed in PSD subspecialty unit (the units) clinics and surgeries performed, number of trainees, available structures, processes and outcome data, and research output.

Results

Of the 17,249 patients seen in the units' outpatient clinics, 8275 (47.9%) burns, 6443 (37.3%) colorectal, and 2531 (14.6%) urology. The number of surgeries performed were 3205, of which 1306 (40.7%) were burns, 644 (20.1%) colorectal, 483 (15.1%) urology, 341 (10.6%) hepatobiliary, and 431 (12.8%) oncology. Of the 16 selected strategies evaluated across the 5 units, 94% were available, of which 16.4% was partly provided by Surgeons for Little Lives. Outcome data in the form of morbidity and mortality reviews for all the units is available, but there is no data for timeliness of care with waiting lists. There were 77 publications and 41 congress presentations.

Conclusion

The subspecialty units respond to the global surgical need by meeting most selected OReCS resources in the clinical service provided.
Sterically Crowded Gold Germylene Compounds with Methyl and Hydride Substituents
Authors: Bajo Sonia , López‐Serrano Joaquín , Campos Jesús
Published: May 2024

This work explores the combination of sterically crowded low‐valent germanium compounds bearing one or two terphenyl (C6H3‐2,6‐Ar2) substituents with gold fragments, the latter stabilized by crowded phosphines also containing a terphenyl moiety. The steric protection of these motifs has allowed to examine a series of unusual gold‐germylene compounds featuring small hydride and methyl substituents at the germanium site. A gold‐germylene dicationic structure is also reported. The bonding in this series is investigated by computational means, providing understanding for the two‐way transfer of electrons from germanium to gold and vice versa.
An investigation on the torsional vibration of a FG strain gradient nanotube
Authors: Uzun Büşra , Yaylı Mustafa Özgür , Civalek Ömer
Published: May 2024

In this work, an attention is paid to the prediction of torsional vibration frequencies of functionally graded porous nanotubes based on the Lam strain gradient elasticity theory. The nanotubes are formed of functionally graded porous nanomaterials that vary in the radial direction. This study also aims to obtain the analytical solution of the strain gradient model presented by Lam for torsional vibration response, in a simple manner, for different rigid or restrained boundary conditions. The torsion angle of a functionally graded nanotube is defined by an infinite Fourier series. Then, the Stokes’ transformation is applied to force the boundary conditions to the desired state. An eigenvalue problem is established with the help of the two systems of equations obtained. This eigenvalue problem, which includes deformable springs at both ends of the nanotube, appears as a general analytical solution that can find torsional vibration frequencies. It is shown that the vibrational responses can be significantly influenced by the through‐radius gradings of material, material length scale parameters and deformable springs of the functionally graded nanotubes and consequently can be predicted by giving proper values to torsional spring parameters.
Sheltering Extraction: The Politics of Knowledges’ Transitions in the Context of Shelter Organisations in Mexico and the Netherlands
Authors: Merlín-Escorza Cesar Eduardo
Published: May 2024

Casa para Todes and Iedereen Welkom are two non-profit, non-governmental shelter organisations at two border cities in Mexico and the Netherlands that work, based on volunteering schemes, to assist people often addressed as ‘migrants’, ‘refugees’, and ‘asylum seekers’. This chapter situates both shelters as spaces characterised by the transit and transition of people, their knowledges and experiences. Here, knowledge differs from ‘knowledges’; the first being those formalised by the shelter and/or processed academically, the second those which have not yet been formalised and/or processed as such. It discusses the implications regarding the naturalisation of the shelter as a space for doing fieldwork and the processes through which the knowledges and experiences of people being sheltered are differentiated and transformed for academic purposes. (Auto)ethnographic insights originated at both settings are used to examine and question the issue of ‘extraction’ in sheltering and migration research. Thus, the way in which people’s knowledges and experiences are amplified and channelled through the production of academic knowledge and how volunteering as an entry point for ethnographic research serves this purpose, are problematised. Reflections point to the imbrication of sheltering practices with the ‘Northern’ migration apparatus of academic knowledge production, in which the shelter as a space for doing migration research is given by longstanding colonially-shaped relations. A final suggestion is given to researchers interested in studying sheltering practices to design their research in a way in which social transformation is served by doing research.
Urban Policy Modelling and Diversity Governance in Doha and Singapore
Authors: Molho Jérémie
Published: May 2024

The transnational circulation of policy ideas has been increasingly advanced as a significant factor in the fabric of local diversity policies. On the one hand, the circulation of managerial concepts such as diversity management has contributed to the rise of neoliberal urban diversity models; on the other, city networks, international organisations, and transnational civic movements are pushing forward progressive urban diversity agendas. This chapter aims to analyse the role of such processes of policy modelling in shaping urban diversity governance. It is based on fieldwork conducted in Doha and Singapore since 2018 and on the analysis of these cities’ policy documents. The chapter shows how transnationally circulating references and norms contribute to shaping local diversity governance frameworks and how both cities strive to position themselves as diversity governance models. I argue that their modelling strategies rely on the spatial and organisational compartmentalisation of distinct diversity frames. The chapter identifies four compartments in Doha and Singapore that correspond to distinct understandings of diversity and differentiated modelling strategies. This allows to minimise policy tensions, alleviate external critiques, and craft local experiments that can be projected as models on the world stage.
Urban Diversity and Spatial Justice: A Critical Overview
Authors: Moghadam Amin
Published: May 2024

Drawing on literature emphasising circulation modalities of urban diversity policies and its (dis)connection with issues of socio-spatial inequalities, this chapter seeks to demonstrate the complexity of urban diversity as a locus of negotiation and tension between diverse social and political players. In the cities of both the Global South and the Global North, whether under authoritarian regimes or liberal democracies, the undeniable fact of diversity is now an integral feature of political discourse and action. However, the political use – instrumentalisation, even – of urban diversity is often selective, partial, and sometimes discriminatory: experiences seen by inhabitants as being cosmopolitan and diverse are not always those recognised and valued by urban governance. The tension between a political vision of diversity and diversity as experienced from below, on a day-to-day basis, can contribute to processes aimed at making certain social groups visible or invisible at the urban level, i.e., those who deserve to be recognised and represented by the political authorities and those who remain excluded from the political representation of diversity.