bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pigmented villonodular synovitis does not influence the outcomes following cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty: a case-control study with minimum 5-year follow-up
Authors: Lin Wei , Dai Yike , Niu Jinghui , Yang Guangmin , Li Ming , Wang Fei
Published: September 2020

Background

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare synovial disease with benign hyperplasia, which has been successfully treated with total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to investigate the middle-term follow-up outcomes of cruciate-retaining (CR) TKA in patients with PVNS.

Methods

From January 2012 to December 2014, a retrospective study was conducted in 17 patients with PVNS who underwent CR TKA as PVNS group. During this period, we also selected 68 patients with osteoarthritis who underwent CR TKA (control group) for comparison. The two groups matched in a 1:4 ratio based on age, sex, body mass index, and follow-up time. The range of motion, Knee Society Score, revision rate, disease recurrence, wound complications, and the survivorship curve of Kaplan-Meier implant were assessed between the two groups.

Results

All patients were followed up at least 5 years. There was no difference in range of motion and Knee Society Score between the two groups before surgery and at last follow-up after surgery (p> 0.05). In the PVNS group, no patients with the recurrence of PVNS were found at the last follow-up, one patient underwent revision surgery due to periprosthetic fracture, and three patients had stiffness one year after surgery (17.6% vs 1.5%,p= 0.005; ROM 16–81°), but no revision was needed. At 7 years, the implant survivorship was 90.0% in the PVNS group and 96.6% in the control group (p= 0.54).

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that the function of patients with PVNS who underwent CR TKA had been significantly improved, and the survival rate of implants in these patients was similar to the patients with OA. Consequently, the patients with PVNS who underwent CR TKA might be an achievable option. However, these patients should pay more attention to the occurrence of postoperative stiffness complications.
Correction to: Classical galactosemia: neuropsychological and psychosocial functioning beyond intellectual abilities
Authors: Welsink-Karssies Mendy M. , Oostrom Kim J. , Hermans Merel E. , Hollak Carla E. M. , Janssen Mirian C. H. , Langendonk Janneke G. , Oussoren Esmee , Rubio Gozalbo M. Estela , de Vries Maaike , Geurtsen Gert J. , Bosch Annet M.
Published: September 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Characterization of a rhodanese homologue from Haemonchus contortus and its immune-modulatory effects on goat immune cells in vitro
Authors: Wang Yujian , Ehsan Muhammad , Huang Jianmei , Aimulajiang Kalibixiati , Yan RuoFeng , Song XiaoKai , Xu LiXin , Li XiangRui
Published: September 2020

Background

Modulation of the host immune response by nematode parasites has been widely reported. Rhodaneses (thiosulfate: cyanide sulfurtransferases) are present in a wide range of organisms, such as archaea, bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. Previously, it was reported that a rhodanese homologue could be bound by goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)in vivo.

Methods

In the present study, we cloned and produced a recombinant rhodanese protein originating fromHaemonchus contortus(rHCRD), a parasitic nematode of small ruminants. rHCRD was co-incubated with goat PBMCs to assess its immunomodulatory effects on proliferation, apoptosis and cytokine secretion.

Results

We verified that the natural HCRD protein localized predominantly to the bowel wall and body surface of the parasite. We further demonstrated that serum produced by goats artificially infected withH. contortussuccessfully recognized rHCRD, which bound to goat PBMCs. rHCRD suppressed proliferation of goat PBMCs stimulated by concanavalin A but did not induce apoptosis in goat PBMCs. The production of TNF-α and IFN-γ decreased significantly, whereas secretion of IL-10 and TGF-β1 increased, in goat PBMCs after exposure to rHCRD. rHCRD also inhibited phagocytosis by goat monocytes. Moreover, rHCRD downregulated the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II on goat monocytes in a dose-dependent manner, but did not alter MHC-I expression.

Conclusions

These results propose a possible immunomodulatory target that may help illuminate the interactions between parasites and their hosts at the molecular level and reveal innovative protein species as candidate drug and vaccine targets.
Factors associated with HIV and syphilis screenings among pregnant women at first antenatal visit in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Davis Rindcy , Xiong Xu , Althabe Fernando , Lefante John , Cafferata Maria Luisa , Mwenechanya Musaku , Mwanakalanga Friday Habulembe , Chomba Elwyn , Buekens Pierre
Published: September 2020

Objectives

To identify characteristics associated with obtaining HIV and syphilis screenings of pregnant women attending a first antenatal visit in Lusaka, Zambia.

Results

Among 18,231 participants from April 2015 to January 2016, 95% obtained HIV screening, 29% obtained syphilis screening, and 4% did not obtain antenatal HIV or syphilis screenings. Divorced/separated women were associated with a moderate decrease in prevalence of obtaining HIV (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) 0.88, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.82, 0.95) and syphilis (aPR 0.51, 95% CI 0.27, 0.96) screenings compared to married women. Women with previous pregnancies were associated with a slight decrease in prevalence of obtaining HIV screening (aPR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95, 0.99) compared to women without previous pregnancy. Older women ≥ 35 years were associated with a slight decrease in prevalence of obtaining HIV screening (aPR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92, 0.99) compared to younger women. The statistically significant differences were not of clinical relevance as defined by a proportional difference of 10 percent. Findings of this study show that a vast majority of pregnant women are obtaining HIV screenings but not syphilis screenings during first antenatal visit. Provision of antenatal HIV and syphilis screening at first visit is only weakly related to patient level factors.
An adversarial learning approach for discovering social relations in human-centered information networks
Authors: Cui Shicheng , Li Qianmu , Chen Shu-Ching
Published: September 2020

The analytics on graph-structured data in cyber spaces has advanced many human-centered computing technologies. However, if only utilizing the structural properties, we might be prohibited from unraveling unknown social relations of nodes especially in the structureless networked systems. Up-to-date ways to unfold latent relationships from graph-structured data are network representation learning (NRL) techniques, but it is difficult for most existing ones to deal with the network-structureless situations due to the fact that they largely depend on the observed connections. With the ever-broader spectrum of human-centered networked systems, large quantities of textual information have been generated and collected from social and physical spaces, which may provide the clues of hidden social relations. In order to discover latent social relations from the accompanied text resources, this paper attempts to bridge the gap between text data and graph-structured data so that the textual information can be encoded to substitute for those incomplete structural information. Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are employed in the cross-modal framework to make the transformed data indistinguishable in graph-domain space and also capable of depicting structure-aware relationships with network homophily. Experiments conducted on three text-based network benchmarks demonstrate that our approach can reveal more realistic social relations from text-domain information compared against the state-of-the-art baselines.
Management of pregnancy and delivery in women with Kawasaki disease and residual coronary artery lesion with detailed analysis of labor analgesia: combined experience of 13 cases in two institutions
Authors: Inoue Rie , Mazda Yusuke , Tanaka Hiroaki , Tanaka Kayo , Yoshimatsu Jun , Tamura Kazumi , Terui Katsuo
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Approximately half of Kawasaki disease patients are expected to have transitioned to adulthood, and an increasing number of patients with cardiovascular sequelae have gotten pregnant. Management of women with Kawasaki disease who have residual coronary artery disease is poorly established. Thus, we conducted detailed analysis of these cases.

Methods

We reviewed 19 pregnancies in 13 such women in two tertiary perinatal facilities, Saitama Medical Center and National Cardiovascular Center. The medical records were reviewed in all women with Kawasaki disease and coronary artery lesion between 1998 and 2015, with regard to age of diagnosis, types of coronary artery lesion, location, previous treatment, pregnancy course and medical management for coronary lesion, cardiac function, and planned mode of delivery.

Results

Fourteen parturients attempted vaginal delivery, and all but one received neuraxial analgesia, providing stable hemodynamics. Four elective and two emergency cesarean deliveries were performed due to obstetric indications, while one woman required cesarean delivery at preterm due to maternal cardiac indication.

Among 14 attempted vaginal deliveries, instrumental vaginal delivery was performed in 50%. Cardiac events were noted in four women, all in post-partum period, such as non-sustained ventricular tachycardia or chest discomfort without ECG changes. Antithrombotic medication was exclusively low dose aspirin in 11 of 19 pregnancies (58%), and none received anticoagulation during pregnancy or delivery.

Conclusion

Our case series support the practice of preferred vaginal delivery, with neuraxial labor analgesia in indicated patients, while highlighting the need for vigilance in the post-partum period.
Assessment of flow pattern of right ventricle outflow and pulmonary arteries in surgically corrected tetralogy of Fallot patients by four-dimensional cardiac magnetic resonance flow
Authors: Shaaban Mahmoud , Salama Mai , Alsaied Ayman , Elsheikh Raghda , Elmasry Magdy
Published: September 2020

Background

The most common post-surgical complication of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is pulmonary regurgitation (PR) which can lead to right ventricle (RV) dysfunction/failure. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the imaging modality of choice to follow-up a repaired TOF. However, the conventional two-dimensional phase-contrast (2D-PC) flow usually underestimates PR as well as the pulmonary peak systolic velocity (PSV). Recently, four-dimensional (4D) CMR flow is introduced for more accurate quantitative flow assessment. This work aimed to compare between 4D-CMR and 2D-PC flow across the main (MPA), right (RPA), and left (LPA) pulmonary arteries (PAs) in surgically corrected TOF patients.

Results

This study was conducted on 20 repaired TOF patients (range 3–9 years, 50% males). All patients had CMR exam on 1.5T scanner. 4D-CMR and 2D-PC flows were obtained at the proximal segments of the MPA, RPA, and LPA. The stroke volume index (SVI), regurgitation fraction (RF), and PSV measured by 4D-CMR were compared to 2D-PC flow. The SVI across the PAs was nearly similar between both methods (P = 0.179 for MPA, 0.218 for RPA, and 0.091 for LPA). However, the RF was significantly higher by 4D-CMR in comparison to 2D-PC flow (P = 0.027 for MPA, 0.039 for RPA, and 0.046 for LPA). The PSV as well was significantly higher by 4D-CMR flow (P = 0.003 for MPA, < 0.001 for RPA, and 0.002 for LPA). The Bland-Altman plots showed a good agreement between 4D-CMR and 2D-PC flow for the SVI, RF, and PSV across the pulmonary arteries.

Conclusion

A good agreement existed between the two studied methods regarding pulmonary flow measurements. Because of its major advantage of performing a comprehensive flow assessment in a shorter time, 4D-CMR flow plays an important role in the assessment of patients with complex CHD especially in the pediatric group.
An introduction to the assessment and management of psychodermatological disorders
Authors: Gibson Russell , Williams Penny , Hancock Jason
Published: September 2020

Psychodermatology is an emerging field at the interface between psychiatry, psychology and dermatology. There is a strong bidirectional relationship between a number of dermatological disorders and psychiatric disorders. This article provides an overview of psychiatric disorders with dermatological symptoms, and dermatological disorders with secondary psychophysiological consequences. The principles of management and our insights into establishing a psychodermatology service in the UK are discussed.
Overlap between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and neurodevelopmental, externalising and internalising disorders: separating unique from general psychopathology effects
Authors: Du Rietz Ebba , Pettersson Erik , Brikell Isabell , Ghirardi Laura , Chen Qi , Hartman Catharina , Lichtenstein Paul , Larsson Henrik , Kuja-Halkola Ralf
Published: September 2020

Background

Although attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder in the latest diagnostic manuals, it shows phenotypic and genetic associations of similar magnitudes across neurodevelopmental, externalising and internalising disorders.

Aims

To investigate if ADHD is aetiologically more closely related to neurodevelopmental than externalising or internalising disorder clusters, after accounting for a general psychopathology factor.

Method

Full and maternal half-sibling pairs (N = 774 416), born between 1980 and 1995, were identified from the Swedish Medical Birth and Multi-Generation Registers, and ICD diagnoses were obtained from the Swedish National Patient Register. A higher-order confirmatory factor analytic model was fitted to examine associations between ADHD and a general psychopathology factor, as well as a neurodevelopmental, externalising and internalising subfactor. Quantitative genetic modelling was performed to estimate the extent to which genetic, shared and non-shared environmental effects influenced the associations with ADHD.

Results

ADHD was significantly and strongly associated with all three factors (r = 0.67–0.75). However, after controlling for a general psychopathology factor, only the association between ADHD and the neurodevelopmental-specific factor remained moderately strong (r = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.42–0.45) and was almost entirely influenced by genetic effects. In contrast, the association between ADHD and the externalising-specific factor was smaller (r = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.24–0.27), and largely influenced by non-shared environmental effects. There remained no internalising-specific factor after accounting for a general factor.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that ADHD comorbidity is largely explained by genetically influenced general psychopathology, but the strong link between ADHD and other neurodevelopmental disorders is also substantially driven by unique genetic influences.
Emotional abuse and neglect: time to focus on prevention and mental health consequences
Authors: Kumari Veena
Published: September 2020

Emotional abuse and emotional neglect are among the most prevalent of childhood maltreatment types and associated with a range of poor mental health outcomes. We need to move beyond correlational research and shift our focus to sophisticated multimodal studies to fully understand the psychobiological mechanisms underlying these associations and to intervention studies.
An update on CT screening for lung cancer: the first major targeted cancer screening programme
Authors: Baldwin David R , Callister Matthew E J
Published: September 2020

Screening for lung cancer with low radiation dose CT has been shown to be effective in reducing lung cancer mortality by two major randomised controlled trials. Lung cancer screening is set to become the largest targeted cancer screening programme globally, but the effectiveness of the programme is dependent on many different factors. This article describes the key evidence for lung cancer screening, the key factors important for optimisation and the progress towards implementation.
Οι προτάσεις της Επιτροπής για τον αυριανό προϋπο- λογισμό: Δειλές κινήσεις, ατελή βήματα και «χαμηλές ισορροπίες»
Authors: Μητσός Αχιλλέας
Published: September 2020

The paradox of the crucial importance of the Multiannual Financial Framework, as opposed to the relatively low importance of the Community budget, is confi rmed for the new period 2021-2027. The great achievement of the Commission’s proposal on this is its balance. The proposal is balanced, but, at the same time, extremely timid as regards the amount of the budget, “winners” and “losers”, the origin of resources, the structure of expenditures. The stabilizing function is included, but only symbolically. Agriculture and cohesion policies are undermined and, more importantly, some resource allocation criteria are changing and trends are being consolidated, such as shifting the primary objective of cohesion from developing less developed regions to EU development. ‘European public goods’ are being strengthened, including mainly research, innovation and mobility in the fi eld of education, while in the area of immigration and foreign policy and defense the proposals retain a limited and ambiguous nature.
Model of Psychological and Pedagogical Support for Students with Disabilities
Authors: Kozyreva Ol'ga , Cherkasova Yu.
Published: September 2020

The article actualizes the problem of the effectiveness of escorting students with disabilities and disabilities (hereinafter referred to as disabilities) in the process of their education at the university. The goal is to develop a model and complement the trajectory of psychological and pedagogical support of this category of students. Turning to the modeling method allowed the authors in the educational space of a higher educational institution to provide accompanied with the necessary and sufficient set of organizational and pedagogical conditions for obtaining higher education. The structural and functional model and the trajectory of psychological and pedagogical support for students with disabilities and disabilities, developed and introduced into the educational process of the pedagogical university, will make it possible to specify the substantive and organizational and methodological aspect of the vocational training of this category of students, to optimize the activities of the university services and structural units.
Foods Consumed with Rice that Elicit a Reduction in Glucose Response among Healthy Individuals
Authors: Ahmad Siti Rohaiza
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to report and summarise various foods consumed with rice that has shown a positive impact on glucose response. The rationale of this review is that it is useful for public health researchers and nutritionists concerning foods that are beneficial in reducing the glucose response for health monitoring. This review is also useful for individuals interested in improving their daily diet for better health. Design: This study searched latest PubMed and ScienceDirect international articles from 2015 to 2020. The articles included in the search were those that include mixed rice meal studies, impact on glycaemic response or index. The selected studies were those that involved healthy participants from various regions. An example of word search in PubMed is “Rice glycaemic index”, "oryza" [MeSH Terms] OR "oryza" [All Fields] OR "rice" [All Fields]) AND "glycaemic" [All Fields])). Findings: The key findings of this review are any type of rice (white rice, basmati rice, long grain or red rice) has shown to have a beneficial outcome on postprandial glucose response when consumed with the meals tested. Originality/value: Most of the foods listed in this review are readily available in many parts of the world. This means access to these foods is easy and advocating its consumption is essential. Diversification regarding style or intake of rice across the globe depends on culture and tradition. Understanding glycaemic index and its impact on health particularly diabetes and heart diseases will help reduce the intake of medications. It will also be more cost-effective and improve general well-being and health.
RESEARCH ROUNDUP
Authors: Mcgloin Claudia
Published: September 2020

In this regular feature, aesthetic nurse Claudia McGloin presents a brief synopsis of a range of recently published articles on medical aesthetics. Research roundup aims to provide an overview, rather than a detailed summary and critique, of the papers selected. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided at the end of each study summary
A sense of professional identity?
Authors: Taber Sally
Published: September 2020

Professionalism is a key component of the aesthetics industry. However, this is not to say that all who practise possess it. Sally Taber explains the improvements needed within the sector, while also detailing some examples of poor practice
Gastrointestinal system
Authors: Pogson Rachel
Published: September 2020

The clinical examination is an important part of any patient consultation. After the primary survey and taking the patient history, a more in-depth examination is sometimes required to aid making a working diagnosis and help negate other differential diagnoses. The extent of this depends on the stability of the patient and may not be possible in time-critical circumstances. However, clinical examination is an increasing part of paramedic practice owing to the continued expansion of the scope of the paramedic role in both urgent and emergency care. Education on clinical examination concerning each of the main body systems is now an integral part of undergraduate paramedic curricula.

This clinical examination series provides a step-by-step overview for each of the main body systems. Continuing professional development (CPD) is an essential requirement for all clinicians to maintain and to demonstrate that they are staying up to date and advancing in their roles.

This series gives an overview of each type of examination to support students, newly qualified paramedics and paramedics wishing to use these articles as a CPD development activity and an aide-memoire for clinical practice. This article, which explores the the gastrointestinal system, gives an overview of initial examination considerations.
Sanitary situation of Aleppo pine and holm oak on the Sidi R'Ghies forest, Algeria
Authors: RACHED-KANOUNI MALIKA , KADI ZAHIA , Khammar Hichem , BOUSBA RATIBA , AMRANE ROMAISSA , CHELLAL BESMA , ABABSA LABED
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Rached-Kanouni M, Kadi Z, Khammar H, Bousba R, Amrane R, Chellal B, Ababsa L. 2020. Sanitary situation of Aleppo pine and holm oak on the Sidi R'Ghies forest, Algeria. Biodiversitas 21: 3954-3960. The present work aims to assess the vitality status of the Sidi R'Ghies forest and its evolution over time. Eight plots (4 plots for Aleppo pine and 4 for holm oak) were selected at random. The data collected on sample trees are analyzed using two methods: ARCHI, which is based on a reading of the tree architecture, and the assessment of biodiversity using the potential biodiversity index (PBI). The diagnostic results show that the majority of these plots are subject to climatic, pedological, and anthropogenic stresses and their health status is quite low. Despite the pressures and threats to the massif, it remains viable. But this potential is insufficient. To this end, silvicultural interventions are necessary to ensure the viability of this ecosystem by promoting the regeneration of species differences and to include a permanent ecological monitoring system.
Local knowledge of traditional medicinal plants use and education system on their young of Ammatoa Kajang tribe in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Siti Zubaidah  , Suhartini Azis  , MAHANAL SUSRIYATI , BATORO JATI , SUMITRO SUTIMAN B.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Azis S, Zubaidah S, Mahanal S, Batoro J, Sumitro SB. 2020. Local knowledge of traditional medicinal plant use and education system on their young Ammatoa Kajang tribe in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3989-4002. Kajang tribal community in Indonesia has been using plants as traditional medicine for long periods of time; however, this traditional knowledge has not been appropriately documented. Therefore, to prevent the knowledge from being degraded or vanished, it needs to be documented. This study aimed to (i) document the local knowledge of Ammatoa Kajang tribe on the use of traditional medicinal plants, (ii) describe the education system of their young generation, and (iii) conduct Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) and Use Value (UV) analyses. The research data were obtained from 114 informants through semi-structured interviews. This research uses descriptive analysis, quantitative ICF, and UV. A total of 104 plant species from 50 families were identified. Parts of plants that were frequently used by the tribal community were leaves (48.56%). Before using the medicinal plants, the people customarily boiled (33.09%) the plants. The youth received education through informal education that became the highest level of education delivered orally by the family (51.75%). The highest ICF was found in the Digestive System Diseases category, and the highest UV was observed in Piper betle.
Milk production and quality of Etawa crossbreed dairy goat that given Tithonia diversifolia, corn waste and concentrate based palm kernel cake
Authors: ARIEF Arief , RUSDIMANSYAH RUSDIMANSYAH , SOWMEN SIMEL , PAZLA RONI , RIZQAN RIZQAN
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Arief, Rudimansyah, Sowmen S, Rizqan RP. 2020. Milk production and quality of Etawa crossbreed dairy goat that given Tithonia diversifolia, corn waste and concentrate based palm kernel cake. Biodiversitas 21: 4004-4009. The research aims to evaluate the production and quality of goat milk of Etawa crossbreed dairy goat (ECDG) which is fed by Tithonia diversifolia (T), corn waste (CW), and concentrate-based palm kernel cake (CBP),. The experimental design used in this study was a completely random design (CRD) with four times treatment rations and five times replications. There are five treatments used in this research which are; treatment A used 60 % T + 40 % tofu-dregs; B used 60 % T + 20% tofu-dregs + 20% CBP; C used 45 % T + 15% CW + 20% tofu-dregs + 20% CBP; D used 30 % T + 30% CW + 20% tofu-dregs + 20% CBP. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Varian (ANOVA) and Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) for further tests. The parameters measured were milk production and milk quality, which covers dry matter, water content, protein, fat, solid non-fat, and lactose. The result showed that the treatment gave no significant effect (P> 0.05) of milk production, dry matter, protein, fat, solid non-fat, and lactose. The study concluded that the use of T. diversifolia, corn-waste, and CBP could maintain milk production quality.
The performances of M4 generation of Mentik Susu rice mutants irradiated with gamma-ray
Authors: Wafa’ Nur Hanifah  , PARJANTO Parjanto , Sri Hartati  , Yunus Ahmad
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Hanifah WN, Parjanto, Hartati S, Yunus A. 2020. The performances of m4 generation of Mentik Susu rice mutants irradiated with gamma-ray. Biodiversitas 21: 4041-4046. Mentik Susu is local rice from Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. It has superiority, in terms of soft texture and white color, but on the other hand, this local rice has the disadvantage of having relatively high stems, low yield, and long life. One way to overcome the weakness of Mentik Susu rice is by mutating plants using gamma-rays. The purpose of this research was to study M4 mutants from Mentik Susu rice irradiated with gamma-ray and to select mutans that have short stem and high productivity. The study was conducted using a simple random design experiment by planting various strains of M4 generation of Mentik Susu rice irradiated with 100 Gy and 200 Gy gamma-rays. T-test was employed to test the difference between strains treated with gamma-ray irradiation and control samples (without gamma-ray irradiation). The results showed that the M4 Mentik Susu rice irradiated with 100 Gy and 200 Gy gamma-rays in overall had lower stems, shorter flowering and harvesting ages, and higher productivity than non-irradiated Mentik Susu rice (control). The strains with the shortest stem and with highest yield productivity was resulted from 200 Gy gamma-ray irradiation with code of M-MS200-G15T3-2. This study also selected 30 individual mutant plants that had short stems and high productivity, suggesting that these plants can be passed to M5 generation.
The effect of planting technique on the growth of two Shorea species in Gunung Dahu, Bogor, Indonesia
Authors: Rachmat Henti H , PAMOENGKAS PRIJANTO , SHOLIHAH LUSIANA , FAMBAYUN RIZKI ARY , Susilowati Arida
Published: September 2020

One of the rehabilitation efforts undertaken by the Forest Research and Development Center in Bogor was to establish a mixed meranti(Dipterocarp) forest in the Gunung Dahu Research Forest, Bogor - West Java. The rehabilitation activities adopted several planting techniques, including total and line planting, used several types of red meranti (Shorea spp.). The purpose of this study was to assess the success of rehabilitation effort by analyzing the growth performance of Shorea leprosula and Shorea selanicastands in which applying total and line planting techniques. Diameter and height, as well as environmental factors such as soil texture, average litter thickness, slope, the average thickness of topsoil, and canopy density, were plant growth parameters that were observed. Growth data analysis was performed using ANOVA and followed by Duncan's test. The results showed that planting techniques affected the diameter growth. The highest growth rate was found in S. selanicaspecies with line planting techniques with the average diameter and height increment was 1.13 cm/year and 0.78 cm/year. Line planting techniques also scored the highest value of basal area and stand volumes, 0.06 m2 and 0.64 m3per year for S. leprosulaand 0.06 m2and 0.66 m3per year for S. selanica.
Community structure analysis of soil insects and their potential role as bioindicators in various ecosystem types in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Rohyani Immy
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Rohyani IS. 2020. Community structure analysis of soil insects and their potential role as bioindicators in various ecosystem types in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4221-4227. Various types of ecosystems can be found in Lombok, with the dominant ecosystems are natural forest, mangrove, mixed garden, rice field, and mining. These ecosystems have a high level of biodiversity and unique flora and fauna communities, including soil insects that partake in the process of ecosystem energy flow. This study aimed to analyze the community structure of soil insects and their potential role as bioindicators in five types of dominant and unique ecosystems in Lombok island. The data collection was done using pitfall traps, yellow pan traps, baited pitfall traps, soil sampling, and litter collection. The findings revealed that there are 60,439 individuals, 79 families, and 16 orders of insects in various types of ecosystems. Diversity ​​(H') and evenness (E) index values ​​for family level in all ecosystem types are low on average (H'=0.76 and E=0.10). Cerambycidae (Coleoptera), Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera), and Cicindelidae (Coleoptera) are a potential bioindicator in the forest, in the mangrove, and in the rice field ecosystems, respectively. However, the potential bioindicator could not be found since the distribution of the family is almost even in the garden ecosystem. The Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera) and the Acroceridae (Diptera) are soil insects with relatively high abundance and are found only in the mining ecosystems.
Population genetic structure of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) in the Gulf of Thailand
Authors: SUPMEE VERAKIAT , SAWUSDEE AMONSAK , SANGTHONG PRADIT , SUPPAPAN JUTHAMAS
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Supmee V, Sawusdee A, Sangthong P, Suppapan J. 2020. Population genetic structure of Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus) in the Gulf of Thailand. Biodiversitas 21: 4260-4268. The Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus) is an important commercial fishery product in the Gulf of Thailand. To provide a strategy for management, information on genetic features is needed. In our study, the population genetic structure and demographic history of the P. pelagicus living in the Gulf of Thailand were analyzed based on the variation of the nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial DNA in the control region (mtDNA CR). Ninety-seven samples were collected from 5 sampling sites: Rayong, Chonburi, Chumphon, Surat Thani, and Nakhon Si Thammarat provinces in the Gulf of Thailand. Forty-nine haplotypes were identified and 39 private haplotypes were found. An AMOVA showed no genetic structure among populations. The pairwise FST also indicated no statistically significant difference between all possible regional combinations. The topology of a minimum spanning network revealed a star-like topology that was not separated by geographic structure. The historical demographic analysis revealed a stable population size for a long period and followed by a very recent expansion. An absence of a population structure of the P. pelagicus was possibly caused by a high level of gene flow. The results of this study differ from previous studies that used genetic markers in nuclear DNA. Thus, to clear the genetic structure information of P. pelagicus in the Gulf of Thailand, we suggested that more sensitive markers to detect genetic structure should be used in further analysis.
Fumigant and feeding deterrent activity of essential oils against Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae)
Authors: Ikawati Silvi , Himawan Toto , Abadi Abdul Latief , Tarno Hagus
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Ikawati S, Himawan T, Abadi AL, Tarno H. 2020. Fumigant and feeding deterrent activity of essential oils against Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae). Biodiversitas 21: 4301-4308. This study aimed to determine the fumigant and antifeedant activity of some plant essential oils against Cryptolestes ferrugineus. Essential oils were extracted from cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix), citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus), zodea (Euodia suaveolens), and clove (Syzygium aromaticum). The extraction used the maceration method with n-Hexane as a solvent. The results of the experiments showed that all essential oils have fumigant toxicity. Fumigant toxicity of kaffir lime, citronella grass, zodea, and clove oil; eggs and pupae were more susceptible than adults and larvae, while for cinnamon, pupae and adults were more susceptible than eggs and larvae. Median Lethal Concentration (LC50) of all essential oils for eggs larvae, pupae, and adults respectively, for cinnamon were 17, 24, 9, and 12 ppm, for kaffir lime were 12, 17, 8 and 15 ppm, however, on citronella grass were 11, 22, 8, and 14 ppm, for zodea were 16, 22, 10 and 20 ppm, for clove were 11, 24, 7 and 14 ppm. The fifth essential oils showed antifeedant activity in a no-choice test against C. ferrugineus adults. Also, the fifth essential oils significantly reduced the relative growth rate (RGR), relative consumption rate (RCR), and food utilization (ECI) of C. ferrugineus adults. It shows that the essential oils have great potential as one of the storage pest control components.
Crowing characteristics of Pelung chickens at different age and body weight
Authors: Partasasmita Ruhyat , ASMARA INDRAWATI Y. , GARNIDA DANI
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Asmara IY, Garnida D, Partasasmita R. 2020. Crowing characteristics of Pelung chickens at different age and body weight. Biodiversitas 21: 4339-4344. Crowing characteristics such as duration, frequency, and intensity are important factors to consider in determining a good Pelung. Age and body weight are among other factors being assumed to affect crowing characteristics. The study was conducted to determine the crowing characteristics of different age and body weight. A survey was carried out in Bandung, Cianjur, and Sukabumi Districts, West Java Province, Indonesia in which a total of 98 birds was selected using a purposive technique. The observed parameters were the duration, frequency, and intensity of crowing. The duration was the length of crowing measured by seconds. Frequency is several crowing in a particular time measured by times. Intensity is the magnitude of crowing measured by decibel. The crowing was recorded from 7 AM-2 PM. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and Mann-Whitney U Test to compare data differences between research areas. The study found that the crowing duration of Pelung roosters tends to increase in older birds, but the decrease in heavier birds. Crowing frequency increase along with age and body weight. Crowing intensity is similar in different age groups, while the intensity tends to decrease in the heavier group. The results provide evidence that age and body weight of chickens are an important aspect in Pelung contest and age should be considered as a new category in Pelung contest.
Moxifloxacin based fluorescence imaging of intestinal goblet cells
Authors: Lee Seunghun , Kim Seonghan , Nam Kwangwoo , Kim Sun Young , Lee Seungrag , Myung Seung-Jae , Kim Ki Hean
Published: September 2020

Goblet cells (GCs) in the intestine are specialized epithelial cells that secrete mucins to form the protective mucous layer. GCs are important in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, and the alteration of GCs is observed in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and neoplastic lesions. In the Barrett’s esophagus, the presence of GCs is used as a marker of specialized intestinal metaplasia. Various endomicroscopic imaging methods have been used for imaging intestinal GCs, but high-speed and high-contrast GC imaging has been still difficult. In this study, we developed a high-contrast endoscopic GC imaging method: fluorescence endomicroscopy using moxifloxacin as a GC labeling agent. Moxifloxacin based fluorescence imaging of GCs was verified by using two-photon microscopy (TPM) in the normal mouse colon. Label-free TPM, which could visualize GCs in a negative contrast, was used as the reference. High-speed GC imaging was demonstrated by using confocal microscopy and endomicroscopy in the normal mouse colon. Confocal microscopy was applied to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mouse models for the detection of GC depletion. Moxifloxacin based GC imaging was demonstrated not only by 3D microscopies but also by wide-field fluorescence microscopy, and intestinal GCs in the superficial region were imaged. Moxifloxacin based endomicroscopy has a potential for the application to human subjects by using FDA approved moxifloxacin.
Межэтнические отношения в оценках россиян: социологический анализ
Authors: Щеголькова Елена Юрьевна
Published: September 2020

Статья ставит целью представить комплексную оценку межэтнических отношений в России, ориентируясь на основные целевые показатели, утвержденные в государственной программе Российской Федерации «Реализация государственной национальной политики». На основе результатов социологического мониторинга Федерального агентства по делам национальностей России, реализованного Всероссийским центром изучения общественного мнения в 2019 г., рассматривается оценка населением межнациональных отношений в стране в целом, в областях, краях, республиках, населенных пунктах разного типа. Анализируются установки людей по отношению к представителям другой национальности, факторы, определяющие межэтнические установки, готовность горожан и сельских жителей к взаимодействию с людьми другой национальности в разных сферах, причины, определяющие наличие или отсутствие дискриминации по национальному признаку.
Результаты исследования позволяют говорить о благожелательном межнациональном климате в стране: 78% россиян оценивают межэтнические отношения в стране как доброжелательные и нормальные, зафиксированные межэтнические установки респондентов демонстрируют позитивный тренд — 87% опрошенных не испытывают негативных чувств к людям иных национальностей и 96% не чувствуют враждебного отношения к себе по этническому признаку. На основе метода изучения межэтнических отношений с помощью шкалы социальной дистанции исследовалась готовность к межэтническим взаимодействиям в трудовой и неформальной сферах. При общей благоприятной ситуации в межэтнических отношениях в статье обращается внимание на необходимость предупреждения межэтнических напряжений — обеспечения социальных лифтов, социальной справедливости, соблюдения прав граждан.
Смыслы общероссийской гражданской идентичности в массовом сознании россиян
Authors: Дробижева Леокадия Михайловна
Published: September 2020

На материалах мониторингового исследования Федерального агентства по делам национальностей, выполненного Всероссийским центром изучения общественного мнения по общероссийской выборке (2000 респондентов), анализируется значимость интегрирующих представлений об общем государстве, территории, историческом прошлом, культуре, гражданских ценностях. Показано, что российская идентичность формировалась не только государством, но и усилиями самого общества. В современных условиях наиболее широко распространен тип государственной идентичности, связанный со страновыми и территориальными представлениями, и меньше — историко-культурный и гражданский.
Идентифицирующие паттерны динамичны и корреспондируют в представлениях людей. Акцентируются множественность идентичностей и совмещение российской и этнической идентичностей. Показано, что вариативность содержания российской идентичности в наибольшей мере проявляется в оценке значимости идентификации на основе общего государства и в наименьшей — исторического прошлого. Содержание российской идентичности сходно среди жителей городов и сёл, выделяются только крупные города, жители которых большее значение придают исторической и культурной составляющей. Доля людей, ощущавших связь с гражданами России, увеличилась с 84% в 2016 г. до 91% в 2019 г. Среди людей с сильной (актуальной) идентичностью несколько больше молодых и образованных, ориентированных на межэтническое согласие и доверие, но при этом не более трети россиян чувствуют ответственность за судьбу страны. Задачей государства и общества является формирование гражданского сознания, ответственности за позитивную направленность общероссийской идентичности.
Языковые проблемы в представлениях россиян: актуализация и новые контексты
Authors: Арутюнова Екатерина Михайловна
Published: September 2020

Статья посвящена анализу актуальных проблем языковой политики и практики в России в последние несколько лет. Использованы данные массового опроса по репрезентативной общероссийской выборке, проведенного ВЦИОМ по заказу ФАДН России, а также материалы социологических исследований в республиках Татарстан, Башкортостан, Саха (Якутия), реализованных Центром исследования межнациональных отношений ФНИСЦ РАН. В контексте актуализации вопросов статуса русских и русского языка в общественно-политическом пространстве показано, что в общероссийской гражданской идентичности русский язык как идентификатор значим для почти половины россиян и уступает только общему государству. Важный вывод состоит в том, что русский язык как идентификатор общероссийской гражданской идентичности значим для русских в гораздо большей мере, чем для людей других национальностей, и усиление его позиций в правовом поле может иметь дестабилизирующее влияние на межэтническое согласие. В контексте языковых противоречий в образовании в статье выявлена преобладающая установка россиян в целом на добровольное изучение государственных языков республик, впервые изученная на общероссийской выборке.
Как изменения гендерных и межпоколенческих отношений влияют на демографическое поведение? Случай Ингушетии
Authors: Казенин Константин Игоревич , Козлов Владимир Александрович , Митрофанова Екатерина Сергеевна
Published: September 2020

Статья посвящена проблеме влияния гендерных и межпоколенческих отношений на брачно-репродуктивное поведение. Это влияние рассматривается на примере Республики Ингушетия, одного из северокавказских регионов, в семейном укладе населения которого межпоколенческие и гендерные асимметрии играют значимую роль. Анализируются результаты количественного опроса женщин репродуктивного возраста, проведенного в Ингушетии в 2019 г. Как показал анализ, ряд параметров, характеризующих экономическую самостоятельность женщины (наличие работы и образования), а также степень ее зависимости от старших родственников в принятии значимых жизненных решений обнаруживают статистическую связь с вероятностью вступления женщины в брак и рождения первого ребенка. При этом «направление» связи не всегда такое, как предсказывают имеющиеся теории. В частности, большая степень «традиционализма» гендерных и межпоколенческих отношений, как показал опрос, предполагает не более раннее, а, наоборот, более позднее вступление в первый брак. Авторы обсуждают возможные причины таких нестандартных результатов, уточняющих имеющиеся представления о возможном влиянии гендерных и межпоколенческих отношений на демографические процессы.
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения научно-исследовательской работы государственного задания РАНХиГС. Авторы благодарят Дмитрия Рогозина и Надежду Галиеву за помощь в проведении телефонного опроса.
The Laws of Knowledge, Knowledge of Laws
Authors: Herzog Lisa
Published: September 2020

This commentary, part of the book symposium on Katharina Pistor’s The Code of Capital, focuses in particular on the epistemic dimensions of the phenomena she describes. Knowledge can be coded as capital, through intellectual property rights, and these can be done in ways that unjustly favor privileged actors at the cost of the common good, as Pistor demonstrates with regard to the patenting of genetic markers. Interestingly, however, knowledge can also be appropriated without the use of legal tools, simply by appropriating data from consumers, as Zuboff, for example, has argued. A second epistemic dimension of Pistor’s work lies in the fact that the legal coding of capital is itself little know and receives little public discussion. This, of course, plays into the hands of those who benefit by problematic forms of such coding. By putting these issues up for debate, The Code of Capital fulfill itself an important epistemic role, which can be categorized as a form of "democratic professionalism", i.e., professionals enabling a critical public discourse about the activities in their own field.
The Trade-off Between Household Expenditures and Smoking Expenditure: Pre and Post Smoking Awareness Ordinance in Pakistan
Authors: Ali Basit , Irfan Muhammad
Published: September 2020

The Government of Pakistan introduced smoking ordinance about health warning in 2009. This ordinance exhibits, prohibit smoking in public places, put restrictions on advertisements, and prohibits sale of cigarettes to minors. This study is to find out the impact of smoking expenditures on food, health, educational, recreational, and electronic expenditures using HIES dataset for 2010–11 and 2015–16. The findings show that share of food and health expenditure increase by 91 and 92% respectively. On the other hand, education and recreation expenditure decrease by 6 and 98% respectively. This is further verified using SUEST test to compare two datasets regressions. The result reveals that food, health, and recreational coefficient are statistically different while education and electronics expenditure remain similar.