bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When Time Falls Apart: Re-centring human time in organisations through the lived experience of waiting
Authors: Bailey Catherine , Suddaby Roy
Published: March 2023

Research on the lived experience of organisational temporalities has thus far overlooked the potential significance of what happens in the interstices that arise between temporal structures. To address this gap, we examined how individuals in three occupations experienced one such interstitial temporal form: waiting. Our analysis of waiting time uncovers two distinct and overarching temporal macro-structures that govern how workers use and experience time in organisations: intensified-organisational – the speeded-up, intensified temporality of modern forms of work organisation – and adaptive-organic, that represents natural and human temporalities. Waiting emerges as a paradoxical temporal experience which individuals simultaneously welcome yet seek to eliminate; one that stands outside temporal structures yet serves to reinforce them. From a human perspective, waiting furnishes moments during which time can be ‘undone’, affording us micro-moments to reclaim and re-centre time in organisations as human time.
Impacts of Tax and Flavor Tobacco Policies on San Francisco Bay Area Tobacco Prices
Authors: Pravosud Vira , Holmes Louisa M. , Lempert Lauren K. , Ling Pamela M.
Published: March 2023

California Proposition 56 increased the state tobacco tax by $2 per cigarette pack effective April 1, 2017. Between 2015-2020 San Francisco (SF) and some cities in Alameda County enacted local flavored tobacco sales restrictions. SF also increased its Cigarette Litter Abatement Fee, from $0.20/pack in 2015 to $1.00 in 2020. Compare the change in tobacco prices before (2015) and after (2019/20) the implementation of a $2 increase in tobacco excise tax and local flavored tobacco policies in SF and Alameda Counties. Descriptive study of the pre-to-post policy analysis design. We drew a proportional random sample of retailers (N=463) in SF and Alameda Counties, by city. Using multivariable, single- and multiple-level linear regressions, we compared inflation-adjusted average tobacco prices in 2015 vs. 2019/20 by county and by flavor policy, accounting for socio-demographics. Change in inflation-adjusted average tobacco prices in 2015 vs. 2019/20 by county and flavor policy, accounting for socio-demographics. Between 2015-2019/20, the increase in cigarette prices was higher than the $2 tax increase, and higher in SF than Alameda County (+$4.6 vs +$2.5). SF retailers stopped selling Newport menthol cigarettes and Blu brand menthol e-cigarettes in 2019/20. Adjusted average cigarette prices increased significantly more in SF and Alameda County cities with comprehensive or partial flavor policies versus cities without flavor policies (by $3.23 and $2.11). Local flavor policies affected menthol product availability and may have had positive spillover effects and indirectly increased pack prices.
Primary syphilis with a tongue ulcer mimicking tongue cancer: a case report
Authors: Fukumoto Chonji , Zama Manabu , Hyodo Toshiki , Shiraishi Ryo , Kamimura Ryouta , Yagisawa Shuma , Hasegawa Tomonori , Komiyama Yuske , Izumi Sayaka , Wakui Takahiro , Kawamata Hitoshi
Published: March 2023

The main symptom in primary syphilis is a small, painless, sore or ulcer called a chancre on the penis, vagina, or around the anus, although chancres can sometimes appear in the mouth or on the lips, fingers, or buttocks. We present the case of a man in his early 60 s with a chief complaint of a painful tongue ulcer. An ulcerated, indurated, and hemorrhagic lesion (23 × 14 mm) was found on the ventral tongue surface, near the oral floor. Palpation identified several swollen, mobile, elastic cervical lymph nodes, with no tenderness. We initially diagnosed tongue cancer; however, during a subsequent detailed examination for a malignant tumor, including biopsy and obtaining additional history, his disease was finally identified as primary syphilis with multiple swollen cervical lymph nodes. Oral amoxicillin and probenecid were started, and after 14 days, there was partial reduction in the size of the submandibular lymph nodes and the ulcer on the left tongue margin. The number of patients with syphilis in Japan increased by eight times from 2012 to 2018. We suggest that dentists consider primary syphilis as a differential diagnosis for oral refractory ulcer with induration and obtain a detailed patient history.
Tailored medication management intervention delivered by occupational therapists for older adults: A study protocol
Authors: Somerville Emily , Bollinger Rebecca , Keleman Audrey , Haxton Meghan , Sarrami Behnaz , Chen Szu-Wei , Holden Brianna , Yan Yan , Stark Susan
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Medication management is an essential instrumental activity of daily living for older adults; however, 40–70% of older adults fail to take their medications correctly. Addressing medication management falls under the scope of occupational therapy, but there is a lack of evidence supporting occupational therapy interventions to improving medication management. This study’s primary aims are to examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a Tailored Intervention for Medication Management delivered by occupational therapists to improve medication management.

Method/Design:

Single-blind, parallel-group randomized controlled equivalency trial, with two phases. Thirty community-dwelling older adults will be enrolled in this study. In Phase 1, participants in the treatment group will receive Tailored Intervention for Medication Management delivered remotely; those in the waitlist control will receive attention visits. In Phase 2, waitlist control participants will receive Tailored Intervention for Medication Management in person. The primary outcomes are feasibility and acceptability; secondary outcomes include preliminary efficacy of the intervention delivered by an occupational therapist remotely and in person. Additionally, the remote and in-person delivery methods will be compared to each other for equivalency.

Discussion:

Inability to manage medication and inappropriate polypharmacy are significant and prevalent problems that must be addressed so older adults can safely perform this essential instrumental activity of daily living.

Trial Registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04717297.
Improved Mental Health Status and Patient-Reported Outcomes After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Gruskay Jordan A. , Martin Maitland D. , Shelton Trevor J. , Comfort Spencer M. , Day Hannah K. , Philippon Marc J.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is often a chronic problem, which can lead to a decrease in mental well-being.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to determine patient mental health improvement after hip arthroscopy and if this improvement correlated with improved outcomes. It was hypothesized that patients with low mental health (LMH) status would improve after hip arthroscopy for FAI and that their patient-reported outcomes (PROs) would significantly improve after surgery.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Patients who underwent hip arthroscopy with labral repair between 2008 and 2015 were included. The minimum follow-up was 2 years. PROs included the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL), HOS–Sports (HOS-Sports), and 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). The minimal clinically important difference and Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) were determined for HOS-ADL, HOS-Sports, and the mHHS based on previously published studies. Patients who scored <46.5 on the SF-12 Mental Component Summary (MCS) were in the LMH group, and those who scored ≥46.5 were in the high mental health (HMH) group.

Results:

In total, 120 (21%) of the 566 patients were in the LMH group and 446 (79%) patients were in the HMH group preoperatively. There was no difference in age or sex between groups. Patients in the LMH group had lower mHHS, HOS-ADL, and HOS-Sports at the mean 4-year follow-up and were less likely to reach PASS for the scores. Postoperatively, 84% (478/566) of the entire group was in the HMH group. A total of 88 (73%) of the LMH group improved to HMH. A multiple linear regression model for change in MCS identified independent predictors of changes in preoperative MCS to be LMH group preoperatively, change in HOS-Sports, and change in mHHS ( r2 = 0.4; P < .001).

Conclusion:

HMH was achieved in 84% of the patients after hip arthroscopy for FAI. Improvement in MCS was correlated with function and activity, as indicated by a significant correlation with HOS-ADL and HOS-Sports. A small percentage of patients did see a decline in their MCS score. This study showed that patients with LMH scores before hip arthroscopy for FAI can improve to normal/high mental health, and this correlated with higher PROs.
Numerical analysis of different cardiac functions and support modes on blood damage potential in an axial pump
Authors: Li Shulei , Jin Donghai , Gui Xingmin , Liu Guangmao , Jiang Xihang
Published: March 2023

Background:

Cardiac functions and support modes of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) will influence the pump inner flow field and blood damage potential.

Methods:

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method and lumped-parameter-model (LPM) were applied to investigate the impacts of cardiac functions under full (9000 rpm) and partial (8000 rpm) support modes in an axial pump.

Results:

The constitution of hemolysis index ([Formula: see text]) in different components of the pump was investigated. [Formula: see text] was found to be more sensitive to positive incidence angles ([Formula: see text]) compared with negative incidence angles in rotors. Negative incidence angles had little impact on [Formula: see text] both in rotors and the outlet guide vanes. The improved cardiac function made only a minor difference in [Formula: see text] (estimated average [Formula: see text] in one cardiac cycle) by 9.88%, as the flow rate expanded mainly to higher flow range. Switching to partial support mode, however, would induce a periodic experience of severe flow separation and recirculation at low flow range. This irregular flow field increased [Formula: see text] by 47.97%, remarkably increasing the blood damage potential.

Conclusion:

This study revealed the relationship between the blade incidence angle [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and recommended negative-incidence-angle blade designs as it yielded lower [Formula: see text]. Moreover, to avoid flow range below 50% of the design point, careful evaluations should be made before switching support modes as weaning procedures in clinical applications.
Doing Radical Public Policy, Observations from a Feminist Economist
Authors: Hartmann Heidi I.
Published: March 2023

This essay provides an overview of the founding of the Institute for Women’s Policy Research (IWPR) and its research across its first thirty-two years. The formation of its research agenda, the kind of research conducted there, and the influence of feminist economics and radical economics on each other and on IWPR’s research, are discussed, focusing on the importance of both paid and unpaid economic activities by women. IWPR’s work is illustrated by the examples of the wage gap, family leave, and state-based studies. The essay ends with commentary on how social movements can work toward an egalitarian social democracy and economy that meets human needs.

JEL Classification: B54, B5, J38, I31
FE micromodel of a cord-rubber composite tube sample subjected to uniaxial tension
Authors: Szabó Gyula , Váradi Károly
Published: March 2023

The aim of this study is to examine displacements, strains and stresses of a railway composite cord-rubber air brake tube undergoing uniaxial tension by microscale modelling.

The micromodel is based on the macromodels (by matching the boundary conditions of the micromodels with displacements of the macromodels) created previously by authors of this article. The reinforcing yarns are described by an orthotropic, elastic material model, whereas the matrix has been described by a 2 parameter Mooney-Rivlin model, which all have been validated before by a uniaxial tensile test and a three-point bending test.

Force-displacement curves of the micromodel and experimental results show a considerably good agreement.

Failure of the reinforcement layers does not occur in case of the uniaxial tension of the composite tube sample, there was no failure event observed during the experiment of the tube sample.

Load transfer mechanism has been demonstrated and characterized numerically by strain and stress results inside and between reinforcement layers (implying shear plays a dominant role in the load-transfer mechanism). The microscale nature of the FE model ensures that the strain and stress results are representative for the reinforcement layers.
Design of a precision planter chassis using computer-aided engineering and experimental validation
Authors: Irsel Gürkan
Published: March 2023

The application of X-section beams in the modular and strength-based design of a precision planter chassis was investigated numerically and experimentally in a case study. This study deals with the feasibility of a special section design with a systematic engineering approach. Mechanical tests were performed for the beam evaluated in a mounting system. The X-section beam model and the mounting elements on this beam were created using computer-aided engineering software, and the compatibility of the design with the mass criterion was investigated. This model was edited as a 2D and 3D mixed model and analyzed with the finite element method to analyzing studies of the system. Stress measurement was conducted using strain gauges at specified points in the system whose prototype was produced. These strain data were processed with nCode DesignLife software, and nonlinear FEA analyses were validated using these stress measurements. The fatigue damage of the X-section beam under dynamic loading conditions was investigated using the FE model solution and experimental measurement data (CAE-based fatigue analysis) with nCode software. The X-section beam design adopted a multiple-objective genetic algorithm technique for optimization by means of ANSYS. The maximum stress value was 121.83 MPa, and a 7.77 kg material was saved correlated to the prototype with the help of optimization solved 400 iterations. It has been determined that the X-section beam is safe by 1.06 × 106 cycles under these loading conditions and can carry a load of 1600 kg. The X-section beam can be successfully applied in similar systems owing to its assemblability and functionality.
Navigating the asymmetric influence of financial inclusion on environmental sustainability: Dynamic role of energy consumption and human capital
Authors: Tanveer Arsalan , Song Huaming , Faheem Muhammad , Daud Abdul , Safdar Noreen
Published: March 2023

Due to the adoption of more financial inclusion (FI), energy utilization with sustainability became a challenge for world economies. Our research examines whether FI symmetrically and asymmetrically affects environmental sustainability in Pakistan. Six proxies are indexed for the FI data through principal component analysis (PCA). In the present research explanatory variables are, energy usage, industrialization, urbanization, and human capital during from 1975 to 2018. Our study engaged the Stochastic Impact by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology Approach (STIRPAT). Additionally, the econometric strategy is adopted for the empirical analysis to acquire the symmetric and asymmetric outcomes. The empirical result validates the asymmetric association of FI and carbon dioxide (CO2) emanations in short and long lags. Besides, fossil energy utilization, industrialization, and urbanization smoothen the path of environmental pollution. However, human capital significantly aids in reducing carbon pollution in the short and long terms. The policy makers can practically implement the research to utilize FI effectively to improve environmental sustainability and develop policies that discourage fossil energy utilization. Moreover, we pointed out the alarming situation of dealing with harmful emissions from urbanization and industrialization.
Environmental regulations, fiscal decentralization, and health outcomes
Authors: Wang Feng , Gillani Seemab , Nazir Rabia , Razzaq Asif
Published: March 2023

A complete understanding of the interplay between environmental regulations and fiscal decentralization for the realization of health outcomes is crucial for policy formulation and decision-making. The aim of the study is to investigate both policy variables’ separate and combined impacts using data on four BRICS economies from 2000 to 2020. The study has employed the novel method of moments quantile regression to quantify the effect. The findings of the study show (i) a significant impact of regulations on health outcomes in higher quantiles. Environmental regulations have a strong positive impact on all three-health proxies, that is, health expenditures, life expectancy, and the number of infant deaths. Total revenue and expenditure decentralization affect health outcomes positively, while tax revenue decentralization negatively impacts them, with the effect being stronger in the lower quantiles; (ii) the combined impact of decentralization and environmental regulations turned out to be negative and significant in our study; and (iii) all variables have unidirectional causality. However, with tax revenue decentralization, health expenditures, life expectancy, and infant deaths have bidirectional causality. This finding has a strong policy implication for the policymakers. Although both policies positively impact health indicators, their interaction leads to deteriorating health outcomes. From a policy point of view, it is suggested to strike a balance between regulations and fiscal decentralization to realize the full potential of this policy mix to get better health outcomes. This study adds to previous research by incorporating the interconnected impact of environmental regulations and fiscal decentralization on health outcomes in BRICS economies.
Energy-saving effect of financial development and its dynamic heterogeneity: Empirical evidence from the dynamic panel quantile model
Authors: Liu Xiaorui , Guo Wen , Chen Yuyu , Feng Qiang , Zheng Xiutian
Published: March 2023

The energy-saving effect of financial development is directly related to the formulation and implementation of financial policies. Considering the inertial characteristics of energy consumption, this study tested the energy-saving effect of financial development and examined its heterogeneity in terms of low-carbon cleaning and policy change. The results were as follows: First, when energy consumption was at the lower quantile, as consumption increased, the promoting impact of financial development on energy consumption decreased. When energy consumption was at the upper quantile, as consumption increased, the restraining impact of financial development on energy consumption increased. Second, an increase in the quantile level showed that financial development exerted an increasingly stronger influence on promoting clean energy consumption. When non-clean energy consumption was at the upper quantile, financial development exerted an increasingly strong inhibitory effect on non-clean energy consumption. Third, before green credit policy changed, the energy-saving effect of financial development was not widespread and obvious. After green credit policy changed, the restraining impact of financial development on energy consumption increased with the level of consumption. Fourth, after green credit policy changed, compared with the increase of financial development toward promoting clean energy consumption, the inhibitory effect of financial development on non-clean energy consumption significantly improved relative to the second case.
Severe infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus from Tunisia: Prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Bougatf Sameh , Ajili Faida , Sayhi Sameh
Published: March 2023

Since the improvement in management and the reduction of mortality caused by the disease activity, infections have represented the main cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. We aimed to determine the prevalence and identify risk factors of severe infections in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. We conducted a retrospective study on 93 Tunisian lupus patients followed between 2010 and 2019. The mean age of the disease was 33.63 ± 13.76 years. Fifty-two patients had 118 infections and 16% of the infections were serious. The bivariate analysis revealed a positive correlation between the total cumulative doses of corticosteroids and the number of serious infections ( p = 0.009). The multivariate study has shown that the number of flares ( p = 0.03), pulmonary manifestations ( p = 0.01), pleuritis ( p = 0.001), and the total cumulative dose of corticosteroids ( p = 0.04) were independent risk factors of severe infections ( p < 0.001). The use of antimalarials exerted a protective effect from severe infection [OR = 0.19 (95% CI 0.03-0.9)] p < 0.03.
Explanation Is Effective Because It Is Selective
Authors: Lombrozo Tania , Liquin Emily G.
Published: March 2023

Humans are avid explainers: We ask “why?” and derive satisfaction from a good answer. But humans are also selective explainers: Only some observations prompt us to ask “why?” and only some answers are satisfying. This article reviews recent work on selectivity in explanation-seeking curiosity and explanatory satisfaction, with a focus on how this selectivity makes us effective learners in a complex world. Research finds that curiosity about the answer to a “why” question is stronger when it is expected to yield useful learning and that explanations are judged more satisfying when they are perceived to support useful learning. Although such perceptions are imperfect, there is nonetheless evidence that seeking and evaluating explanations—in the selective way humans do—can play an important role in learning.
Trait Boredom as a Lack of Agency: A Theoretical Model and a New Assessment Tool
Authors: Gorelik Dana , Eastwood John D.
Published: March 2023

Trait boredom plays a significant role in well-being. However, this construct suffers from conceptual ambiguity and measurement problems. The aim of this study was to propose a comprehensive theory and a strong assessment tool to address these limitations. We defined trait boredom as the frequent experience of state boredom resulting from a chronic lack of agency. We developed a six-item self-report scale of the tendency to often experience boredom. Results confirmed a uni-dimensional scale with strong psychometric properties, including adequate internal consistency (ω = .84–.93), interindividual stability (69.04% of variance accounted by a trait factor), and acceptable model fit (CFI = .977–.998, TLI = .962–.997, RMSEA = .025–.090, SRMR = .014–.029). Results confirmed the validity of the scale by showing its associations with related measures. Our findings provide clarity on trait boredom and a strong, new measure to be used in future work.
Risk Factors of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Adults with Acute Compartment Syndrome Following Lower Extremity Fractures
Authors: Yang Shuo , Wang Tao , Long Yubin , Guo Junfei , Hou Zhiyong
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to identify the risk factors of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in adults with acute compartment syndrome (ACS) following lower extremity fractures. We collected data on adults with ACS following lower extremity fractures in our hospital from November 2013 to January 2021. Patients were divided into the DVT group and the non-DVT group according to whether they had DVT or not. The demographics, comorbidities, and admission laboratory examinations were computed by univariate analysis, logistic regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. In our study, the rate of DVT (26 of 110) was 23.6%. Univariate analysis showed that numerous factors were associated with the formation of DVT. Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with multiple fractures ( P = .015, OR = 5.688), patients with a history of hypertension ( P = .011, OR = 16.673), and patients with a higher BMI ( P = .008, OR = 1.950) and FDP ( P = .013, OR = 1.031) were relevant predictors of DVT. ROC curve analysis indicated 24.73 kg/m2 and 28.33 μg/mL were the cutoff values of BMI and FDP to predict the DVT, respectively. Furthermore, the combination of BMI and FDP had the highest diagnostic accuracy. Our findings identified multiple fractures, BMI, and FDP as independent risk factors for DVT in patients with ACS following lower extremity fractures and determined the cutoff values of BMI and FDP, helping us individualize the assessment of the risk of DVT to manage early targeted interventions.
Interrelationship Between Inflammatory Biomarkers and Collagen Remodeling Proteins in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Odeh Ameer , Dungan Gabriel D. , Hoppensteadt Debra , Siddiqui Fakiha , Kantarcioglu Bulent , Darki Amir , Fareed Jawed , Syed Mushabbar A.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia worldwide. Inflammation and structural remodeling of the left atrium are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of AF. This study explores collagen remodeling and inflammatory biomarkers in AF patients compared to healthy controls to discern their role in AF.

Materials and Methods

Plasma samples were collected from AF patients undergoing first AF ablation (n = 72) and compared with commercially available human plasma samples from healthy subjects (n = 62). The collagen remodeling biomarkers and inflammatory biomarkers in the AF patients and control population were quantified using sandwich ELISA kits. GraphPad prism was used to perform statistical analyses.

Results

There was a statistically significant elevation in all the collagen remodeling biomarkers and inflammatory biomarkers in the AF patients compared to healthy controls. Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated significant correlations between inflammatory and collagen remodeling biomarkers, and among the collagen biomarkers. Of note, CRP was found to be correlated with TIMP-1, ICTP and PIIINP. IL6 and TIMP-1 were also found to be intercorrelated. Furthermore, correlations were noted among the different collagen remodeling peptides, and between TNFα and IL6, two of the inflammatory markers explored in this study.

Conclusions

The elevation of the inflammatory biomarkers and collagen remodeling proteins in AF patients is suggestive of inflammation and increased collagen turnover. The association between inflammatory biomarkers and collagen remodeling proteins may contribute to their regulation and role in the remodeling process.
Glycemic Control and Plasma Levels of Pro-Inflammatory and Pro-Thrombotic Biomarkers in Diabetic Patients Presenting with Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: O’Hara Alexander , Pozin Jacob , Darki Amir , Siddiqui Fakiha , Hoppensteadt Debra , Walenga Jeanine , Fareed Jawed , Kantarcioglu Bulent
Published: March 2023

Type I and type II diabetes are closely associated with a pro-inflammatory state and to a pro-thrombotic state. The role of glycemic control in pulmonary embolism (PE) is poorly understood and requires additional investigation. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between glycemic control and thrombo-inflammatory biomarkers in a PE patient cohort compared to normal samples. Demographic and clinical information for 86 diabetic patients and 106 non-diabetic patients presenting with acute PE was collected via retrospective chart review. Plasma levels of pro-inflammatory (C-reactive protein [CRP], tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], interleukin-6 [IL-6]) and pro-thrombotic (d-dimer, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 [PAI-1], tissue plasminogen activator [tPA], thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor [TAFI], von-Willebrand factor [vWF], endogenous glycosaminoglycans [GAGs]) biomarkers were drawn within 24 hours of diagnosis of acute PE. Data was also obtained for a population of healthy adult controls. All the pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic biomarkers were elevated in diabetic PE patients in comparison to healthy controls. None of the biomarkers were elevated in diabetic PE patients when compared to non-diabetic PE patients. There was no difference in the levels of the pro-inflammatory biomarkers according to glycemic control. The plasma level of TAFI was elevated in diabetic patients with poor glycemic control. Diabetic patients were more likely to have a more severe PE. These studies demonstrate that thrombo-inflammatory biomarkers are elevated in diabetic PE patients with associated comorbidities in comparison to normal individuals. However, there is no difference between the PE cohort alone in comparison to PE with diabetes. The role of TAFI within the continuum of diabetic vascular disease warrants additional investigation.
The influence of the unbalanced magnetic pull on fault-induced rotor eccentricity in induction motors
Authors: Desenfans Philip , Gong Zifeng , Vanoost Dries , Gryllias Konstantinos , Boydens Jeroen , Pissoort Davy
Published: March 2023

When performing bearing fault measurements, the unbalanced magnetic pull’s (UMP) influence is inadvertently incorporated. The UMP’s influence distorts the measurements used for bearing fault size estimation, leading to inaccurate fault interpretations. In this paper, we combined a magnetic equivalent circuit motor model with a dynamic bearing model to isolate the UMP’s effect, which is unprecedented in the state of the art. The coupled model is used to analyse the dynamic interaction between a mechanical fault and the UMP without neglecting the influence of the rotor slot harmonics nor the magnetic potential losses in the stator and rotor. We compare simulations performed with the UMP and without the UMP in the presence of (i) an outer race bearing fault and (ii) an outer race bearing fault combined with an intrinsic rotor misalignment (IRM). The study finds that the UMP amplifies the rotor eccentricity by a non-negligible amount without accounting for an IRM. Moreover, with the inclusion of an IRM, the rotor vibrations are distorted to the point where bearing fault estimation algorithms could become inoperable. The presence of rotor slot harmonics in the UMP has been identified as a key contributor to the distortion. The findings presented in this article can be used to improve bearing fault size estimation algorithms by isolating the disturbances caused by the UMP.
Critical Qualitative Inquiry as an Avenue for Critical Public Policy Knowledge and Change
Authors: Cannella Gaile S. , Brown Christopher P. , Lincoln Yvonna S.
Published: March 2023

The broad goal of this special issue of Qualitative Inquiry is to demonstrate how critical qualitative inquiry (CQI) can facilitate the performance of justice-oriented public policy by conceptualizing movement beyond the logic of policy as prescription. The articles demonstrate the multiple possibilities generated through CQI for rethinking ethical perspectives, discourse practices, and forms of inclusion and policymaking processes, as well as research methods. Furthermore, authors in this special issue illustrate ways that CQI can lead to reconceptualizations of conventional research practices, knowledge and perspectives that dominate fields of study, and forms of communication and activism with policymakers. Finally, some of the authors literally use recent pandemic and environmental disaster circumstances to call for rethinking the ethics and actions that ground CQI.
“Boiling Water but There's No Pop-Off Valve”: Health Care Provider Perceptions of the Effects of COVID-19 on Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Hendrix Ellen , Narasimhan Subasri , Ripkey Carrie E. , Zeidan Amy , Smith Randi N. , Evans Dabney P.
Published: March 2023

This study sought to understand the effects of COVID-19, including movement-related restrictions such as shelter-in-place, quarantine, and isolation orders, on intimate partner violence (IPV) from the perspective of health care providers (HCPs) working at a public hospital in Atlanta, Georgia. From November 2020 to May 2021, we conducted 12 interviews. Three themes emerged: (1) HCPs perceived that COVID-19 movement-related restrictions likely exacerbated IPV; (2) HCPs encountered many practice-oriented and community barriers in IPV care provision during COVID-19; and (3) HCPs suggested process and partnership improvements for IPV response. These findings can inform future pandemic preparedness including improved communication, improved IPV screening and follow-up, and strengthened hospital-community partnerships.
Commoning Experiments in a State-Corporatist City State: The Case of Hong Kong
Authors: Wang Xiao Lu , Leung Chi Yuen , Mui Chi Ki
Published: March 2023

This study addresses the research question of how the tensions between urban commons and ‘the public’ might be resolved through boundary spanning. Urban commons offers a new lens for public managers and politicians to rethink ways that urban resources could be governed to enhance public problem-solving and co-create public-value outcomes. Through in-depth case analyses of commoning initiatives at five public markets in Hong Kong, we find that tensions with bureaucratic modes of governance, marketisation of public space, land politics, and little trust in the government were major barriers of commoning. The results also pointed to the unique boundary spanning strategies to facilitate commoning such as using co-creation and political framing to align community interests and public agenda and using legal framing to enable the reallocation of property rights among property owners and community actors. This research also revealed distinct dynamics of boundary spanning in illiberal democratic systems.
Perioperative Point of Care Ultrasound for Hemodynamic Assessment: A Narrative Review
Authors: Bradley Caitlin A. , Ma Chris , Hollon McKenzie M.
Published: March 2023

While transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has traditionally been used in perioperative care, there is growing evidence supporting point of care ultrasound (POCUS) for the anesthesiologist in guiding patient care. It is a quick way to non-invasively evaluate hemodynamically unstable patients and ascertain their state of shock, determine volume status, and guide resuscitation in cardiac arrest. In addition, through use of POCUS, the anesthesiologist is able to identify signs of chronic heart disease to provide a more tailored and safer approach to perioperative care.
Gene Expression and Pathway Analysis in Rat Brain and Liver After Exposure to Royal Demolition Explosive (Hexahydro-1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-Triazine)
Authors: Bannon Desmond I. , Bao Wenjun , Dillman James F. , Wolfinger Russ , Phillips Christopher S. , Perkins Edward J.
Published: March 2023

The nitramine explosive, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) is associated with acute and chronic toxicity in mammals and targets both the central nervous system and liver. After a single oral dose of RDX in male rats, the systemic distribution of RDX and the toxicodynamic response was measured using clinical chemistry and Affymetrix Rat Genome® 230 2.0 gene expression arrays, respectively. Nominal doses of 0, 9 and 36 mg/kg pure RDX were administered to animals followed by liver, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus gene expression analysis at 0, 3.5, 24, and 48 hours. RDX quickly entered the liver and brain, increasing up to 24 hours. For the 36 mg/kg dose, RDX was still measurable in liver and brain at 48 hours, but was non-detectible for the 9 mg/kg dose. At 3.5 hours, the time within which most convulsions reportedly occur after RDX ingestion, the hippocampus displayed the highest response for both gene expression and pathways, while the cortex was relatively non-responsive. The top 2 impacted pathways, primarily involved in neurotransmission, were the GABAergic and glutamatergic pathways. High numbers of genes also responded to RDX in the liver with P450 metabolism pathways significantly involved. Compared to the liver, the hippocampus displayed more consistent biological effects across dose and time with neurotransmission pathways predominating. Overall, based on gene expression data, RDX responses were high in both the hippocampus and liver, but were minimal in the cerebral cortex. These results identify the hippocampus as an important target for RDX based on gene expression.
Impact of an Early Warning System Protocol, for Patients Admitted to the Medical Floors with SARS-COV2 Pneumonia, on ICU Admission
Authors: Yohannes Seife , Seam Nitin , Sun Junfeng , McAlduff Joel , Thorne Janet L. , Lara Susanne B. , Keller Michael
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND

COVID-19 placed a significant burden on the global healthcare system. Strain in critical care capacity has been associated with increased COVID-19-related ICU mortality. This study evaluates the impact of an early warning system and response team implemented on medical floors to safely triage and care for critically ill patients on the floor and preserve ICU capacity.

METHODS

We conducted a multicenter, retrospective cohort study, comparing outcomes between intervention and control hospitals within a US eight-hospital urban network. Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia between April 13th, 2020 and June 19th, 2020 were included in the study, which was a time of a regional surge of COVID-19 admissions. An automated, electronic early warning protocol to identify patients with moderate-severe hypoxemia on the medical floors and implement early interventions was implemented at one of the eight hospitals (“the intervention hospital”).

RESULTS

Among 1024 patients, 403 (39%) were admitted to the intervention hospital and 621 (61%) were admitted to one of the control hospitals. Adjusted for potential confounders, patients at the intervention hospital were less likely to be admitted to the ICU (HR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.53, 1.000, P = .0499) compared to the control hospitals. Patients admitted from the floors to the ICU at the intervention hospital had shorter ICU stay (HR for ICU discharge: 1.74; 95% CI 1.21, 2.51, P = .003). There was no significant difference between intervention and control hospitals in need for mechanical ventilation (OR = 0.93; 95% CI 0.38, 2.31; P = .88) or hospital mortality (OR = 0.79; 95% CI 0.52, 1.18; P = .25).

CONCLUSION

A protocol to conserve ICU beds by implementing an early warning system with a dedicated response team to manage respiratory distress on the floors reduced ICU admission and was not associated with worse outcomes compared to hospitals that managed similar levels of respiratory distress in the ICU.
Dynamic engagement: A longitudinal dual-process, reciprocal-effects model of teacher motivational practice and L2 student engagement
Authors: Zhou Shiyao Ashlee , Hiver Phil , Al-Hoorie Ali H.
Published: March 2023

In this study, we investigated two core understandings related to the nature of second language (L2) student engagement from a self-determination theory framework: (1) that there is a dual process of development that follows from the initial conditions of the L2 classroom environment (specifically teacher motivational practice: autonomy-supportive vs. controlling), which leads to two distinct motivational experiences (need satisfaction vs. need frustration), which in turn results in qualitatively different types of student classroom functioning (engagement vs. disengagement); and (2) that there are reciprocal effects between the L2 classroom environment and student classroom functioning. We collected data from 1,742 students enrolled in general-purpose postsecondary English courses in mainland China at three waves in a 17-week semester, and tested a longitudinal dual-process, reciprocal-effects model. Our analyses showed that student perceptions of teacher motivational practice at the beginning of the semester predicted psychological need satisfaction at later time points. Psychological need satisfaction in turn predicted later classroom engagement. Student engagement also had feedback effects and predicted subsequent perceptions of teacher motivational practice. We discuss the implications of these results for L2 learning and teaching and consider ways that future research might build on our design and extend these findings.
The telephone answering machine: Mediated presence and the participatory condition
Authors: Lauer Josh
Published: March 2023

During the 1970s and 1980s, telephone answering machines became widely available in the United States. Their use immediately disrupted long-established patterns of interpersonal communication and self-presentation. While solving the temporal limitations and lopsided power of telephone calls, answering machines introduced a range of new techno-social problems. Significantly, they required callers to interact with a machine instead of a human being. The history of the household answering machine provides insight into how telephone users were habituated to changing communication norms during the closing decades of the 20th century. This study examines cultural responses to the answering machine during the 1970s and 1980s, drawing attention to the following three key themes: the perils of perpetual contact, mediated performances, and social surveillance. These themes would shape understandings of digital mediation and become defining characteristics of an emergent “participatory condition.”
How digital innovation affects women's entrepreneurship in Africa? An analysis of transmission channels
Authors: Ongo Nkoa Bruno Emmanuel , Song Jacques Simon
Published: March 2023

Digital innovations in Africa have increased dramatically over the past two decades, and are fueling a rich literature. In this paper, we examine their impact and transmission channels on women's entrepreneurship in a sample of 54 African countries. We specify and estimate a cross-sectional data model by generalized least squares (GLS) over the period of 1996–2020. Our results show that digital innovations (measured by researchers in R&D, firms in R&D, patents owed by residents, patents owed by non-residents) significantly reduce women's entrepreneurship in Africa. Their effects are mediated by energy, female education, the internet, mobile phones, migration and marriage. We suggest strengthening the digital infrastructure for sustainable women's entrepreneurship in Africa.
Cultural adaptation of the iSupport online training and support programme for caregivers of people with dementia in Castilla y León, Spain
Authors: Molinari-Ulate Mauricio , Guirado-Sánchez Yolanda , Platón Luis , van der Roest Henriëtte G , Bahillo Alfonso , Franco-Martín Manuel
Published: March 2023

Background

E-learning has shown to be an effective intervention in helping informal caregivers of people living with dementia. It has the potential to reach people living in remote areas, increasing service coverage. As a response to the demographic context in Spain associated with a higher percentage of ageing, depopulation, and the complexities of health service delivery in rural areas, this paper describes the cultural adaptation and co-design of the iSupport online training and support programme for Castilla y León, Spain, as a potential e-health intervention to mitigate these constraints.

Methods

The translation and cultural adaptation were performed following the WHO guidelines, with some adaptation due to the cultural context of Spain. Three focus groups were conducted with informal caregivers, health professionals, and a group of experts on cognitive impairment and dementia. The co-design process was performed as a Patient and Public Involvement activity with three groups consisting of people living with dementia, informal caregivers, rural population and experts on technology and dementia.

Results

A total of 435 suggestions were proposed for adaptation associated with erroneous terminology, rewording text/writing, grammatical or punctuation marks errors, and repeated information or need for additional content. Several recommendations were exposed during the co-design process: preference for interactive material such as videos or images, a forum to receive feedback from health care professionals and to leave satisfaction comments, availability in multiple platforms (e.g., tablet, laptop, mobile), slide format for information presentation, and availability to edit letter size and background colours.

Conclusions

A culturally adapted version of the iSupport was developed for Castilla y León, Spain. The need for modification of words and expressions, information links to local resources websites, adjustments of characters’ names and caregivers’ scenarios, and additional content to some sections were recommended. Suggestions for the design should be taken into account for further adapted versions and platform developments.
Visualizing the recovery of patients in Critical Care Units
Authors: Stuart Liz , Haynes Christopher , Tantam Kate , Gardner Roger , Palomino Marco A
Published: March 2023

This paper presents a detailed case study of the application of techniques from Information Visualization to data collected in Critical Care Units (CCUs). This data is heterogeneous and sometimes incomplete due to the pressures on staff in the environment. Thus, it can be difficult to use conventional means to visualize it meaningfully. The paper presents the software tool called CCViews. It was developed to support visualization of CCU data. It enables clinicians to view the trajectory of patient recovery and track the effectiveness of different interventions such as physiotherapy. Note that this work is underpinned by the world-famous information seeking mantra, which emphasizes the need to provide users with views of their data at differing levels of granularity.
StemRad MD, An Exoskeleton-Based Radiation Protection System, Reduces Ergonomic Posture Risk Based on a Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Katsarou Maria , Zwiebel Bruce , Vogler James , Shames Murray L , Thayer Angelyn , Chowdhurry Rajarshi Pal , Money Samuel R. , Bismuth Jean
Published: March 2023

Objective:

Poor ergonomic posture during interventional procedures might lead to increased physical discomfort and work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Adjunctive equipment such as lead aprons (LAs) has been shown to increase ergonomic posture risk (EPR). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of StemRad MD (StemRad Ltd., Tel Aviv, Israel), a weightless exoskeleton-based radiation protective ensemble, in reducing EPR on the operator using wearable inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors.

Methods:

A prospective, observational study was conducted at an academic hospital. Inertial measurement unit sensors were affixed to the upper back of 9 interventionalists to assess ergonomic risk posture during endovascular procedures while wearing a traditional LA or the StemRad MD radiation protection system. Total fluoroscopy time, procedure type, and ergonomic risk postures were recorded and analyzed.

Results:

Twenty-one cases were performed with StemRad MD and 30 with LAs. Mean procedure time for the StemRad MD procedures was 48.4±23.3 minutes (range: 24–106 min), and for LA procedures, it was 34.66±25.83 minutes (range: 6–100 min) (p=.060). The operators assumed low-risk ergonomic positions in 96.1% of StemRad MD cases and in 62.9% of LA cases (p=.001), and high-risk ergonomic positions in 0% and 6.2%, respectively (p=.80). Mean EPR score for StemRad MD was 1.16, and for the LA, it was 1.49 (p=.001).

Conclusions:

StemRad MD significantly reduces the EPR to the torso compared with a LA-based radiation protection system.

Clinical Impact

Poor ergonomic posture during interventional procedures might leas to work-related musculoskeletal disorders for healthcare workers. StemRad MD, a weightless, exoskeleton-based radiation protection system was shown to significantly reduce ergonomic posture risk to the torso compared to conventional lead aprons. This might lead to reduced physical discomfort for procedure-based specialists.