bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of eco-enzymes on vegetative and generative growth in several kipas putih soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr.) mutant lines
Authors: Gustina Lia , Zuyasna  , Nura
Published: February 2024

This research used soybeans resulting from gamma-ray radiation mutations of the Kipas Putih variety to obtain new superior varieties that are better than their parents. The research was carried out at the East Sector 2 Experimental Garden, as well as the Genetics and Plant Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University from April to July 2023. This research used a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) in a 2 x 4 factorial pattern with 3 replications so that there are 24 experimental units. The first factor is the concentration of ecoenzyme (K) which consists of 2 levels (without eco-enzyme and 10 ml L−1), while the second factor was the soybean line which consists of 4 levels, namely mutants B4, B7, B18, and the Kipas Putih (parent) variety. The results showed that the application of 10 ml L−1eco-enzyme had an influence on the parameters of plant height, number of productive branches, number of pods, number of pithy pods, and percentage of pithy pods. The Kipas Putih G1 (B4) soybean mutant line was the best in terms of the number of pithy pods. The Kipas Putih G2 (B7) soybean mutant line was the best in the parameters of harvest age, flowering age, number of pods, and seed weight per plant. The best interaction of eco-enzyme with mutant lines was found in mutant lines G3 (B18) and G2 (B7) when given 10 ml L−1of eco-enzyme based on the parameters of the number of productive branches and seed weight per plant.
The effect of corn (Zea mays L.) kernel extract as a natural growth regulator in pacthouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) subculture plantlet
Authors: Yunita  , Putri S A A , Iqbar  , Masykur  , Rizki A
Published: February 2024

Patchouli is an essential oil producing plant which has high demand in the market. The high demand for patchouli cannot be met by conventional methods so it is diverted to use the in-vitro culture method. In-vitro culture media and plant growth regulators (PGR) are the keys to the success of culture. The study was conducted using corn kernel extract as natural PGR on in-vitro culture media with the aim of observing the effect of corn kernel extract on Patchouli plant explants. This research was designed in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 5 replications, namely the addition of 2, 6, 12, 18, 24 mg/L extract and no extract as a control. The parameters measured in this study were stem height, number of shoots, number of leaves and number of roots. The research results showed that the addition of corn kernel extract has a significant effect on stem height and number of roots, inversely for number of shoots and number of leaves. Media sterilization is thought to damage natural PGR due to the low stability of PGR. The starch content in corn kernel extract is thought to have the potential to inhibit the growth of Aceh patchouli explants.
A study on the potential of Bacillus thuringiensis AK08 to control pathogenic fungi associated with chili plant
Authors: Oktarina H , Husna A , Nafida J T , Pramayudi N , Chamzurni T
Published: February 2024

Colletotrichum sp. and Fusarium sp. are significant fungal plant pathogen that affect chili plants. Various techniques are employed to manage the plant pathogens, including the application of biological agents such as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Bt AK08 in managing Colletotrichum sp. and Fusarium sp. Bt AK08 was subjected to dual-culturing experiments with the pathogens individually. Positive controls were employed in this study, consisting of Colletotrichum sp. and Fusarium sp. that were cultivated separately on pure potato dextrose agar. Propineb supplemented growth medium was serves as a negative control. The study involved the assessment of colony diameter of Colletotrichum sp. and Fusarium sp., as well as the evaluation of the antagonism activity exhibited by Bt AK08 through antibiosis activity and hyphal lysis. The findings indicated that Bt AK08 did not exhibit any antibiosis action since it did not result in a reduction in the colony diameter of the plant pathogenic fungus. However, we observed the breakdown of the hypha of the fungi. The present discovery suggests that Bt AK08 has promise as a potential agent for the management of Colletotrichum sp. and Fusarium sp. Hence, additional investigation is necessary to maximize its potential.
Bioindustry Development of Environment Friendly Organic Granular Fertilizer at Farming Groups in West Kalimantan Indonesia
Authors: Hatta M , Aziz H , Permana D , Rohaeni E S , Ahmad S N
Published: February 2024

Management of organic fertilizers from cattle waste can increase economic growth in rural areas that are environmentally friendly and sustainable (a green economy). This study aims to obtain granular organic fertilizer products on the Farmer Group scale (home industry), which can increase added value and income of farmers to be environmentally friendly and sustainable. The management of this granular organic fertilizer utilizes site-specific (in-situ) technological innovations and the use of local resources that can restore sustainability. The analytical methods used are comparative analysis, namely comparing bulk fertilizer and granule fertilizer on efficiency and effectiveness, analysis of organic fertilizer from cattle waste using experimental design and institutional engineering. To achieve this goal, the research uses a rural agro-industry approach based on local agricultural resources and applies appropriate technological innovations. The results showed that the management of granular organic fertilizer from cattle waste can improve product quality and efficiency in the use of organic fertilizers. The management of this granular organic fertilizer is carried out using social engineering and strengthening of farmer group agribusiness institutions in rural areas that are environmentally friendly so that they can be sustainable. The utility of granular organic fertilizer is more efficient because it does not dissolve easily and is not carried away by water flows when done in irrigated agriculture or wetlands.
DNA marker utilization for the sustainable production of trehalose
Authors: Trinugroho J P , Asadi F , Hidayat A A , Nirwantono R , Pardamean B
Published: February 2024

Trehalose is a type of sugar that is known by its stability and resilience towards acid and low temperature. Furthermore, trehalose has numerous health benefits and has been used by several industries, including food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Even though trehalose could be easily produced using trehalose synthase (TreS) enzyme, a sustainable production of trehalose is still a problem. Our work aims to develop an approach to identify a novel trehalose synthase enzyme from various organisms, especially thermophilic bacteria, by implementing a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) marker technique. We first collected protein and DNA sequences from public biological databases and subsequently conducted sequence analysis. We then designed degenerate primers based on the conserved regions identified from the sequence analysis. The designed primers were subjected to primer characterization using Oligo Calc software. The primers were further validated via in-silico PCR amplification. In general, our designed primers possess the properties to work optimally. In addition, agarose gel electrophoresis that the primers successfully amplified nucleotides encoding TreS enzyme from all samples. Our findings may serve as a basis to discover the TreS enzyme variants which possess superior attributes, allowing the sustainable production of trehalose.
Physical and organoleptic characteristics of jelly candy from beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) and red dragon fruit skin (Hylocereus polyrhizus)
Authors: Fajriyani N , Anwar S H , Noviasari S
Published: February 2024

Jelly candy is made from fruit juice and gelling ingredients as well as additional sweeteners. Jelly candy ingredients are often used as an alternative snack for people with diabetes, and contain nutrients and are high in fiber, so that they can meet nutritional needs and as well as help people avoid hyperglycemia. This study aims to investigate the physical and sensory characteristics of jelly candy made with natural coloring agents from beetroot and red dragon fruit skin. This study was designed by examining 3 (three) variables, namely: 1) type of dye (P), gelling agent (G) and the ratio of stevia:sucrose (R). The parameters analyzed were physical (texture and color) and organoleptic properties (color, aroma, taste and texture). The results showed that the texture, color (L*, a*, and b*), and organoleptic (color) parameters were influenced by the addition of coloring agents (P). The value of texture, color (b*), and organoleptic (color) are all impacted by the inclusion of gelling agents (gelatin and pectin). The textural value is influenced by the stevia: sucrose ratio. Based on the analysis, the best treatment was the combination of red dragon fruit skin with gelatin and stevia: sucrose ratio of 0%:30% with the texture value (10.03 g/mm), color *L (26.27), a*( 15.47), b*(8.27) and organoleptic properties (color) was 3.39-3.44 (neutral).
Screening on halal gelatin extraction from spotted oceanic triggerfish (Chanthidermis maculata) skin using response surface methodology
Authors: Fahrizal  , Arpi N , Supardan M.D , Suseno S.H
Published: February 2024

Spotted oceanic triggerfish fish is one type of fish that has the potential to be a source of halal gelatin. Almost all parts of his body can become gelatin. In the process of processing the fish, many parts are wasted such as skin. Though this skin can be used for gelatin extract. From the results of the study, gelatin yield ranged from 2.7 – 9.3% with an average value of 5.50%. This gelatin has a viscosity value ranging from 6.21 – 7.57 cP which was analyzed using the Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) instrument and gel strength analysis using a Texture Analyzer and found results of 80.33 – 97.67 g / cm2. Based on the probability value < 0.05 yield, viscosity, and gel strength of gelatin, it is known that there are several independent variables that have a real effect on yield, namely variables B (concentration of H2SO4), D (soaking duration), F (ratio of water/extraction skin) and G (extraction temperature). In viscosity, the influential variables are C (citric acid concentration), D (soaking duration), E (soaking water/skin ratio) and G (extraction temperature). While on gel strength, the influential variables are A (NaOH concentration) and G (extraction temperature). The influence of factors on response can be sorted sequentially, namely the order in yield is G>F>B>D>A>H>C>E, in viscosity is C>E>D>G>H>A>B>F and in gel strength is G>A>E>H>B>F>C>D. This indicates that the G factor (extraction temperature) was selected as the most important factor, and the 2nd and 3rd most important factors can be selected from A (NaOH concentration), B (H 2SO4 concentration), D (extraction duration) and E (soaking water/skin ratio), and H (extraction duration).
An overview of essential oil-based nanoemulsion and their biological activities against some microbial pathogenic
Authors: Khairan K , Marfu’ah Mar’ah , Idroes R , Sriwati R , Diah M
Published: February 2024

The essential oils are constantly increasing due to their biological activities utilization in several fields, from agricultures to pharmaceuticals. However, their extensively use are still limited due to their disreputable physico-chemical properties. Nowadays, the most appropriate to overcome such restrictions is to develop of the proper formulation strategies. One of the oncoming prompted to achieve this goal is through nanoemulsions. Nanoemulsion are heterogeneous dispersions or a colloidal particulate system in the submicron size range acting as carriers of drug molecules. Nanoemulsion is most studied in encapsulation process due to inexpensive in their manufacturing, ease of formulation and easy waste handling. In this review, intends to offer an overview of the formulation, preparation of essential oil-based nanoemulsion and their biological activities against some microbial pathogenic.
Utilization of chitosan as an additive for enhancing the performance of polyethersulfone membranes for water treatment
Authors: Fathanah U , Lubis MR , Rosnelly CM , Muchtar S , Yusuf M , Dasmara ANH , Fazira F
Published: February 2024

This research investigates the impact of adding chitosan as an additive to improve membrane performance. Membrane fabrication was conducted using the non-solvent-induced phase separation method with polymer blending. Characterization was conducted by evaluating functional groups using FTIR, morphological structure using SEM, and water contact angle using a WCA meter. The research findings show that chitosan additives have a positive influence on the prepared PES membrane. There was a change in the morphological form on the membrane, as evidenced by SEM photos of the cross-section of the membrane. An increase in chitosan concentration resulted in improved hydrophilic properties of the membrane, indicated by a 63.2° reduction in water contact angle. The results show that the best membrane performance was achieved with 4% chitosan addition, resulting in a water flux of 38.2 L/m2.h as well as humic acid rejection of 67.9%.
Saltwater Intrusion at Kapuas Besar Estuary Using 1-Dimensional Analytical Method
Authors: Aziz Danke , Tarya Ayi
Published: February 2024

The Kapuas Besar Estuary in West Kalimantan is vital for both the local community’s ecological and economic well-being. One major issue faced in this estuary is saltwater intrusion. This study aims to investigate saltwater intrusion variation using a one-dimensional (1D) analytical model. The model input data includes estuary geometry, tides, salinity, and river discharge. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the 1D analytical model in predicting saltwater distance based on the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Percent Bias (PBIAS), and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) values between the analytical model results and observed data ranging from 0.82-1.70 psu, 1.64-2.85%, and 0.96-0.99 respectively. The model proves applicable during the May-October period, subject to the condition that the river discharge remains below 3,200 m3/s. However, during November-April the model tends to underestimate compared to actual distance. Model results show saltwater intrusion increasing from December to June by 49 km, then decreasing from July to November by 38 km. The minimum distance of saltwater intrusion occurred in May (1 km from the estuary mouth) when river discharge of 8,853.82 m3/s. Conversely, the maximum saltwater intrusion distance was observed in June (71 km from the estuary mouth) with a river discharge of 1,034.55 m3/s.
Tanker and SPM Motion Response Analysis due to Environmental Load
Authors: Hadiwidodo Y. S. , Gymnastiar F. , Syahroni N. , Rachman A.
Published: February 2024

The use of tankers for oil and gas distribution requires auxiliary structures such as Single Point Mooring (SPM). In the process of loading cargo, tankers must maintain a level of stability so that the load transfer process runs smoothly. Stability needs to be checked using inputs in the form of structural responses in free-floating conditions to get structural responses when moored. Analysis of the motion response of tankers and SPM in free-floating conditions showed that ballast tanker loads had a greater motion response than full loads with the largest movement on roll at 3.59 deg/m. The moored motion response of the tanker has the greatest amplitude in the surge movement towards the AP with a value of -0.2251 m.
Increasing Globalization Business and Ecotourism Branding on the Beach of Delegan, Gresik, East Java
Authors: Mustain Mahmud , Ariyanti Anggita Deva
Published: February 2024

Developing and managing ecotourism is an effort to utilize local resources optimally. Delegan Beach in Gresik, East Java, is an area for the management and development of ecotourism. This study aims to determine the potential resources in the Delegan beach tourism object using the Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Based on the analysis, Delegan Beach has potential ecotourism because of the sloping beach topography, calm waves, and white sand. However, the development of Dalegan Beach as ecotourism has several obstacles, including the lack of supporting infrastructure for tourist attractions, cooperation between village communities and local governments, and poor management so that ecotourism development has not been maximized. The main priority of the policy regarding management studies and the potential of the Gresik coastal area, according to stakeholder perceptions, is the empowerment of human resources 51%, then followed by the development of tourism branding by 26% as the second priority, followed by the development of tourist destinations by 16%, and the last is ecotourism-based management. by 8%. The study’s results also show that the determinants of the development of the Delegan Beach tourism area influence the forms of participation carried out by the local community. The resulting development directions include utilizing various resources, developing facilities as community business opportunities, empowering community skills, increasing area promotion, and efforts to preserve the environment.
Small Scale Plant of Desalination Using Multiple Tray Aerator and Two Different Membranes of Reverse Osmosis Using Low-Pressure Pump
Authors: Danial M M , Purnaini R , Hadary F , Lestari A D , Prasetya H , Yhavez D D , Putri E M , Apriyantine
Published: February 2024

The seawater is an abundant source that still not be utilized as potential raw water source to overcome the deficit of drinking water. This paper aims to design the small-scale desalination plant with the capacity of 2000 gpd for treating the brackish and seawater. There are two split processes, i.e., multi-tray aerator and filtration for reducing the Fe and Mn, while the two different type reverse osmosis membranes were used for desalinating process. Parameters used to verify the performance of small-scale plant are salinity and total dissolved solid for membranes, while the parameters for examining the pre-treatment results are TSS, BOD, pH, Fe, and Mn. The test results will be evaluated under the Regulation of The Minister of Health, Number 32/2017. The influence of pump pressure on flow will also be analysed. The results show that multi-tray aerator needs some improvement to reduce the Mn, and Fe. The two types of membranes could significantly reduce the salinity level up to 91.7%, from 22,900 ppm to 1200 ppm. The pump pressure needs to be replaced into the high-pressure pump to reduce the salinity level significantly.
Processed Seafood Determination for Fishermen Prosperity Using Macro Ergonomic and Analytical Hierarchy Process
Authors: Nurmianto Eko , Kusuma S H , Soehardjoepri S , Nadhiroh S R , Rahmaningsih S , Fauziah F N , Trikurniawan G S
Published: February 2024

The high rate of stunting in children in East Java Province is a problem that has become a major focus in the national scope. Based on these problems, the researcher intends to increase the intake of animal protein from fish for fishermen’s families, by prioritizing fish processing in coastal areas of East Java and providing education and knowledge for fishermen in fish processing methods in coastal areas of East Java Province. An analysis was carried out using the macro ergonomic and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to determine the priority of processed food from fish ingredients to reduce stunting rates. The criteria in this analysis are Community Preferences, Community Knowledge, Ergonomic process, Commodity Production, and Fish Processing Tools. The results of the analysis found that priority choices in percentage include Fish Nuggets, Fish Sticks, Fish Meatballs, and Fish Crackers. The final result of this study was the priority of processed fish food ingredients to reduce stunting rates in children in coastal areas of East Java Province. With these results, it can help SMEs and coastal communities to process fish food ingredients with the aim of developing communities and coastal areas and increasing fishermen’s family interest in consuming processed fish ingredients to reduce stunting.
Analysis of container loading-unloading performance at Teluk Lamong Terminal Surabaya
Authors: Dhanistha W L , Farabi M F , Rohmawati I
Published: February 2024

PT. Teluk Lamong Terminal (TTL) is a container terminal whose primary business is to serve the loading and unloading of containers. As a result, shipping by water is necessary and will become more so with each passing year. This was seen between 2017 and 2021, when the arrival of ships and the flow of containers at PT. Teluk Lamong Terminal increased. The goal of this study is to determine how strong the association between the factors investigated is the loading and unloading performance (container flow) at Teluk Tamong Terminal Port. This research employs both qualitative and quantitative approaches, as well as primary and secondary data sources. Using the regression technique, the container flow of Teluk Lamong Terminal in 2031 is 1,357,208 TEUs, with a growth rate of 4.49%, falling short of the UNCTAD criterion. The results revealed a substantial positive association between the variables Idle Time (X1), Not Operation Time (X2), ASC Utility (X3), and Container Flow (Y), with Fcount 276.730 > Ftable 19.2 and a significance of 0.044 0.05 accepting Ho and Ha. The Adjusted R Square score for the association between Idle Time (X1), Not Operation Time (X2), ASC Utility (X3), and Container Flow (Y) is 0.995, indicating a strong relationship.
Surface Current Measurement Using Large Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV) in Ender Estuary, Cirebon
Authors: Tarya A , Aqdam Prasetyo M R
Published: February 2024

The Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV) method is an image- based technique that uses a non-intrusive approach or avoids direct physical contact with the water being studied to measure the velocity of water flow. The present study aims to identify surface velocity using LSPIV captured by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in Ender estuary, Cirebon. Field observation for surface velocity was conducted at three locations during flood and ebb tides. The surface current results of LSPIV compared with in situ velocity measurement by a current meter. The results of the LSPIV method are strongly influenced by the data acquisition process such as lighting, interrogation area, and video recording angle. Based on comparing the surface flow between results of LSPIV and observation data, the coefficient correlation (R) is 0.84 for velocity magnitude and R = 0.92 for flow direction. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.024 m/s for velocity magnitude and 4.81 degree for flow direction, and the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) range from 0.002 to 0.059 m/s (1 to 12 degree) for the velocity magnitude and the flow direction, respectively. Furthermore, the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) value of 10.41% (8.84%) for magnitude and direction, respectively. Therefore, LSPIV was applied successfully to obtain surface velocity measurements.
A protection method for the coast of Phan Thiet City, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen T T , Vo T D T
Published: February 2024

Vietnam is located in monsoon tropical region. That is received a lot of typhoons and tropical depresion annual. Coastal area has been erosion seriously from north to south of Vietnam recently. For developing social economic in the area, some coastal protection solutions have been applied away from natural and hurman influence. Phan Thiet belonging to Binh Thuan province is one of active cities in the South Central Coast. There has strengths in developing aquaculture, fishing and tourism. With a long coastline and beautiful beachs, Phan Thiet attracts a large number of domestic and foreign tourists any time of the year. Some coastal areas were constructed concrete wall or revetment to protect from erosion, however, that are damaged, depleaced or sinked by wave and natural impact. At present, government is supporting in recovering or rebuilt the new protection construction for creating lanscape at the coastal area. The research shows a solution revetment to protect the coastline that could be suiltable for local requirement of stability construction, serving tourism and community activities. That could reduce wave run up and foundation erosion, adapt to working condition of construction.
Intact stability analysis of crane barge due to loading orientation effect during heavy lifting operation
Authors: Faiz M , Murdjito  , Prastianto R W , Djatmiko E B , Nugroho S , Hadasa Y B
Published: February 2024

Changes in the position of the lifting load on the crane barge during heavy lifting operation significantly affect the stability of the vessel. The changes in stability during this heavy lifting operation must be analysed to prevent operational failures. This study conducted an intact stability analysis of the crane barge during lifting of topside structures in the installation phase. The analysis was performed with variations in the position of the lifted load from starboard to bow for every 15° change in the crane angle. The stability results of the Crane Barge for all variations, using both analytical and numerical methods, have met the IMO requirements. The extreme condition occurred in load case 8, with a maximum GZ value of 2.904 m at a 22° angle and an area of 103,894 m.deg. The comparison of the stability results of the crane barge during the structural lifting operation using analytical calculation and numerical methods indicates that the overall validation error values have met the ±5% requirement according to the ABS Rules. However, when considering the corrections for changes in the lifting load moment in the analytical calculation, stability error values increase significantly as the heeling angle of the vessel increases.
Study on the effects of lifting loads on the longitudinal strength of a crane barge during heavy lifting operations due to various angle of crane rotation
Authors: Hadasa Y B , Murdjito  , Prastianto R W , Djatmiko E B , Wahyudi  , Faiz M
Published: February 2024

The different positions of lifting loads on a crane barge during Heavy Lifting operations have a significant impact on longitudinal strength. This study focuses on the analysis of longitudinal strength on a crane barge with a configuration of Topside structure loading direction during the installation. The variations used the crane rotation angle from starboard to bow at 15° increments. The results showed that the load distribution for all variations followed similar trendlines, using analytical and numerical methods. Significant changes occurred at frame 3–19 as the location of the superstructure, frame 13–40 as the ballast tank loads, and frame 45–55 as the lifting loads. Regarding the maximum shear force and bending moment, occurred when the net load changes from positive to negative and the position of the crane. The maximum shear force occurred at frame 40, while the maximum bending moment occurred at frame 47, 48, and 49. The comparison between analytical and numerical methods for shear force and bending moment showed that the error values are below 5% of the allowable value according to the DNV standards.
A comprehensive analysis of hydrogen fuel cell integration in fishing vessels
Authors: Satria I G N A , Rulianto J , Kanom
Published: February 2024

HHO gas is a fuel supplement produced through the electrolysis process of water in an HHO generator, where HHO gas falls under the category of alternative energy and is classified as a new energy source. The fundamental principle of internal combustion engines is generally to convert the chemical energy of liquid fuel into mechanical energy. The production of hydrogen through the electrolysis process is continuously evolving to facilitate the use of environmentally friendly fuels, with potential impacts on engine performance and exhaust gas emissions. This study examines the effect of adding HHO gas to electronic fuel injection (EFI) type-L gasoline engines on exhaust gas emissions and fuel consumption. It has been proven that the addition of HHO gas to the combustion process of gasoline engines, particularly EFI type-D, results in reduced emission levels (CO by 15.31% and HC by 16.27%). Moreover, the introduction of 0.1 Mol of HHO gas into EFI type-L engines through the air filter leads to a significant impact on exhaust gas emissions and a 2.8% increase in fuel consumption compared to not using HHO gas. This could be attributed to the distinct characteristics of EFI systems compared to conventional engines, as they are not accustomed to fuel supplements being injected into the engine.
Assessment of coastal vulnerability index (CVI) and its application along the Labuhan Maringgai coast, east Lampung Indonesia
Authors: Tarigan T A , Fauzi M A R , Wisha U J , Martin Y
Published: February 2024

The Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) is one of the simplest and commonly used methods to assess coastal vulnerability. In this way, it is a common tool contributing to the decision-making process in long-term coastal planning and management. This study aims to assess the level of coastal vulnerability according to coastal typology of Labuhan Maringgai Coast section. The variable formulation of CVI is divided into hydrodynamic factors (mean significant wave heights, mean tide range, and mean sea level rise) and morpho dynamics factors, i.e. geomorphology, coastal slope, and average width of emerged beach. The morpho dynamics data were obtained through observation, direct measurements in the field by systematic sampling, extraction from aerial photographs and digital surface model (DSM). The results of modelling and predictions by several agencies are derived to obtain the hydrodynamics data. The coast of Labuhan Maringgai was divided into 12 transects and the coastal vulnerability index were classified into three categories such as low, moderate, and high. The results of CVI method showed that the most vulnerable transect is located at Desa Bandar Negeri characterized by mud flats and damaged mangroves.
Analysis of Environmental Factors on Maritime Security Operations Using the Bayesian Network Method
Authors: Artanto David , Pitana Trika , Ciptomulyono Udisubakti , Adisha Athaya Gusti
Published: February 2024

The navy as law enforcement with a main duty of maintaining security in the maritime space of national jurisdiction in accordance with the provisions of national law and ratified international law certainly has warships as a support system to achieve such goal. Certain maritime security operations not only require the readiness of the equipment or ships used, but also the supporting environmental factors. In fact, optimal maritime security operation needs a method for an assessment to determine the implementation of maritime security operation. In this discussion, the researcher found a probability as a result of influential environmental factors by using the Bayesian network to determine whether the area to be passed by operating ships is feasible.
Operation failure of risk analysis on floating storage and offloading
Authors: Silvianita  , Harahap A A , Khamidi M F
Published: February 2024

The need for petroleum in daily life is increasing. The oil comes from the seabed, so it is necessary to have adequate facilities during the exploration and exploitation of crude oil. The process of distributing crude oil to FSO is assisted by the Product Transfer System pipeline. In this process there is a possibility of failure that occurs form several factors, namely tools, weather and sea conditions, and human. In this study, the analysis of the risk of operational failure during loading-unloading of crude oil is discussed. The analysis was carried out using the HAZOP Analysis and Bow-Tie Analysis methods. HAZOP Analysis for hazard identification, and Bow-Tie Analysis for finding the appropriate mitigation. From this method, an overview of the risks than can occur can be obtained so that the risk control required by FSO can be implemented. From the results of this study, it was found that there are 41 potential hazards on the process of loading-unloading crude oil FSO, with the highest risk is inadequate quality of the transfer equipment components with the likelihood rank is 4 and severity rank is 4. The results of Bow-Tie visualization of dominant risk found five causes, namely corrosion, inadequate material quality, eroded material, service life, and material degradation, and five consequences, namely property damage, delayed operational activities, oil spills, environmental damage due to oil spill, and corrosion occurs on the product transfer equipment.
Risk Management in the LPG Refrigerated Green Terminal Project for Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Satrio D , Anjelina M A , Rosyid D M , Ikhwani H , Fadilah W N , Fauzi M A R , Ridlwan A
Published: February 2024

The LPG Refrigerated Green Terminal Project for Sustainable Development Goals seeks to enhance national stock resilience and reduce reliance on leased refrigerated LPG floating storage by a State-Owned Oil and Gas Company. Various challenges were encountered throughout the project, including resident demonstrations causing schedule disruptions, delays in project design due to client approval processes, and disparities in land data during tendering and implementation phases, among others. This research aims to identify the most critical risk by assessing the number of priority risks and risk categories. Effective risk management is pivotal in achieving project objectives. The methodology employed encompasses Fault Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), a 3D Risk Matrix, and a Pareto Diagram, supplemented by Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) software for risk weight determination. The study reveals a minimum Risk Priority Number (RPN) of 6, signifying low-risk severity, infrequent risk occurrence, and the company’s ability to detect these risks. Conversely, the highest RPN is recorded at 36, indicating significant risk severity, frequent risk occurrence, and challenges in risk detection by the company.
Exploring Thermal Barrier and Sedimentation Simulation for Enhanced Performance in Grati Combined Cycle Power Plant
Authors: Suntoyo  , Cahya I , Islam M R , Tanaka H
Published: February 2024

PLTGU is a power generation facility that concurrently utilizes both steam and gas power plant technologies. It necessitates a cooling system to operate efficiently throughout its entire lifespan. If PLTGU Grati plans to increase its power capacity, there is a concern that the water discharged from the Water Outlet channel might not cool down sufficiently before re-entering the Water Intake channel. Additionally, sedimentation in the sea water uptake is causing siltation. Hence, this study focuses on the jetty extension project to address sedimentation and hot water spreading issues in PLTGU Grati. The numerical modeling analysis, conducted using the Delft3D software, indicates that in the case of power addition, Alternative Model 1 can reduce the highest temperature compared to the existing condition by 0.655°C. Similarly, Alternative Model 2 reduces the highest temperature by 0.090°C. Moreover, with power addition, sedimentation rate in Area 1 increases by 261.43 m3/month in Alternative Model 1, while in Alternative Model 2, it decreases by 969.47 m3/month compared to the existing condition. Considering the ability of Alternative Model 2 to effectively reduce the temperature in the inlet canals by 0.090°C, it provides the best solution to contain the spread of hot water in the PLTGU Grati area. Currently, PLTGU Grati employs a Cutter Suction Dredger (CSD) to periodically dredge the water inlet channel. Therefore, Alternative Model 2 is recommended as the optimal choice among the alternatives. Henceforth, detailed studies related to current patterns and sedimentation rates are presented comprehensively in this paper.
An approach to detect and predict epileptic seizures with high accuracy using convolutional neural networks and single-lead-ECG signal
Authors: Ghaempour Mostafa , Hassanli Kourosh , Abiri Ebrahim
Published: February 2024

One of the epileptic patients’ challenges is to detect the time of seizures and the possibility of predicting. This research aims to provide an algorithm based on deep learning to detect and predict the time of seizure from one to two minutes before its occurrence. The proposed Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) can detect and predict the occurrence of focal epilepsy seizures through single-lead-ECG signal processing instead of using EEG signals. The structure of the proposed CNN for seizure detection and prediction is the same. Considering the requirements of a wearable system, after a few light pre-processing steps, the ECG signal can be used as input to the neural network without any manual feature extraction step. The desired neural network learns purposeful features according to the labelled ECG signals and then performs the classification of these signals. Training of 39-layer CNN for seizure detection and prediction has been done separately. The proposed method can detect seizures with an accuracy of 98.84% and predict them with an accuracy of 94.29%. With this approach, the ECG signal can be a promising indicator for the construction of portable systems for monitoring the status of epileptic patients.
Robust and optimal dose distribution for brain metastases with robotic radiosurgery system: recipe for an inflection point
Authors: Hinoto Ryoichi , Tsukamoto Nobuhiro , Eriguchi Takahisa , Kumada Hiroaki , Sakae Takeji
Published: February 2024

Purpose. This study aims to establish a robust dose prescription methodology in stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) for brain metastases, considering geometrical uncertainty and minimising dose exposure to the surrounding normal brain tissue. Methods and Materials. Treatment plans employing 40%–90% isodose lines (IDL) at 10% IDL intervals were created for variously sized brain metastases. The plans were constructed to deliver 21 Gy in SRS. Robustness of each plan was analysed using parameters such as the near minimum dose to the tumour, the near maximum dose to the normal brain, and the volume of normal brain irradiated above 14 Gy. Results. Plans prescribed at 60% IDL demonstrated the least variation in the near minimum dose to the tumour and the near maximum dose to the normal brain under conditions of minimal geometrical uncertainty relative to tumour radius. When the IDL-percentage prescription was below 60%, geometrical uncertainties led to increases in these doses. Conversely, they decreased with IDL-percentage prescriptions above 60%. The volume of normal brain irradiated above 14 Gy was lowest at 60% IDL, regardless of geometrical uncertainty. Conclusions. To enhance robustness against geometrical uncertainty and to better spare healthy brain tissue, a 60% IDL prescription is recommended in SRS and SRT for brain metastases using a robotic radiosurgery system.
The green mindset: how consumers’ attitudes, intentions, and concerns shape their purchase decisions
Authors: Gazi Md Abu Issa , Masud Abdullah Al , Yusof Mohd Faizal , Billah Md Asif , Islam Md Aminul , Hossain Md Alamgir
Published: February 2024

Purpose. The goal of the present investigation is to find out what effect environmental concern has as a moderator between green brand positioning, green brand knowledge, social value, and perspective on the green brand among young consumers. Design/methodology/approach. Information was gathered from 407 Bangladeshi university students, both public and private. The suggested model was evaluated with the assistance of SPSS version AMOS-24, using the Structural equation Modeling (SEM) method. Findings. According to the standardized path coefficients of the SEM, the findings suggest that environmental concerns have a great deal to do with young people’s green purchasing intentions. According to the results, ‘green brand positioning’ (GBP) and ‘green brand knowledge’ (GBK), directly and indirectly via ‘Attitude towards Green Brand’ (ATGB) affect ‘Green Purchasing Intention’ (GPI). But ‘social value’ (SV) and ATGB are indirectly important factors in determining intent to buy environmentally friendly products and have no direct effect on GPI. Here, as a moderator, ‘environmental concern’ (EC) plays a vital role. Practical implications. These insights may help companies better comprehend how customers view environmentally responsible products as well as what factors influence their purchase decisions. Additionally, it is essential for businesses to appreciate the significance of educating people about environmental issues in order to increase consumer awareness and encourage more sustainable consumption habits. Originality and value. The study’s findings might be quite instructive to firms and businesses and motivate young people to make environmentally friendly purchases. One of the first studies of its kind, its findings are extremely valuable for companies seeking to understand their customers’ perspectives on green brands because they may shed light on how environmental concerns can moderate consumer behavior when it comes to purchasing environmentally friendly products.
Effects of irrigation and fertilization on the emission factors and emission intensities of nitrous oxide in alkaline soil
Authors: Wenzhu Yang , Yongqin Jia , Youlin Hu , Jie Yang , Peng Gu , Yan Jiao
Published: February 2024

Environmental damage attributed to nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions have received widespread attention. Agricultural sources release substantial amounts of N2O into the atmosphere. However, comparative studies on the effects of different irrigation and fertilization methods, namely, drip fertigation (a combination of fertilizing and irrigation), sprinkler fertigation, and traditional furrow irrigation with chemical fertilizer spraying, on N2O emissions in alkaline soil have been limited. Therefore, three-year in situ field observations were conducted to investigate the effect of these three irrigation and fertilization modes on N2O emissions using the static chamber method over the period 2015–2017. There are significant seasonal variations in soil N2O emission fluxes among alkaline soils under different fertilization and irrigation modes, with emissions peaking in July and August, but no significant difference in yearly variations. The N2O emission intensity of drip fertigation soil was 0.20 kg N t−1 year−1, of sprinkler fertigation soil was 0.38 kg N t−1 year−1, respectively, while of furrow irrigation was 0.91 kg N t−1 year−1, respectively. Moisture and temperature of soil were key factors driving the observed nitrous oxide variations. Compared with traditional furrow irrigation, drip and sprinkler fertigation significantly increased potato yield and decreased N2O emissions in alkaline soil, thus satisfying both yield and environmental protection.
An inquisition on alkaline treated Banana/Sisal/Pineapple fiber epoxy composites for light to moderate load applications
Authors: Badyankal Pramod V , Manjunatha T S , Shivakumar Gouda P S , B H Maruthi Prashanth , Srinivasa C S
Published: February 2024

To address the sustainable development goals, an attempt was made to investigate the alkaline treated and untreated Banana, Sisal, and Pineapple fiber epoxy hybrid composite for their mechanical and thermal properties. Tensile, Flexural, Impact, modulus, and Heat Deflection temperature (HDT) were evaluated and analyzed for low-load structural applications. The performance of Alkaline Treated Fiber composites was better than the untreated fiber composites. The treated Banana, Sisal, and Pineapple hybrid fiber epoxy composite has a high HDT value of about 78 °C, a maximum tensile strength of 104 MPa, a tensile modulus of 25 MPa, a flexural strength of 78 MPa, a flexural modulus of 5286 MPa,and an impact strength of 286 J m−1 when compared to other composites. Interfacial failure analysis was also carried out with the help of a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to study the microstructural behavior of the tested specimens. It was observed that the alkaline treatment increases fiber-matrix interaction.
Ergodicity, lack thereof, and the performance of reservoir computing with memristive networks
Authors: Baccetti Valentina , Zhu Ruomin , Kuncic Zdenka , Caravelli Francesco
Published: February 2024

Networks composed of nanoscale memristive components, such as nanowire and nanoparticle networks, have recently received considerable attention because of their potential use as neuromorphic devices. In this study, we explore ergodicity in memristive networks, showing that the performance on machine leaning tasks improves when these networks are tuned to operate at the edge between two global stability points. We find this lack of ergodicity is associated with the emergence of memory in the system. We measure the level of ergodicity using the Thirumalai-Mountain metric, and we show that in the absence of ergodicity, two different memristive network systems show improved performance when utilized as reservoir computers (RC). We highlight that it is also important to let the system synchronize to the input signal in order for the performance of the RC to exhibit improvements over the baseline.
Automation compels mathematicians to reflect on our values
Authors: Harris Michael
Published: February 2024

The author takes colleagues to task for failing to “live deliberately,” and specifically for failing to pay attention to debates over technology and artificial intelligence in the wider society, when contemplating a mechanical future for mathematics.
Strange new universes: Proof assistants and synthetic foundations
Authors: Shulman Michael
Published: February 2024

Existing computer programs called proof assistants can verify the correctness of mathematical proofs but their specialized proof languages present a barrier to entry for many mathematicians. Large language models have the potential to lower this barrier, enabling mathematicians to interact with proof assistants in a more familiar vernacular. Among other advantages, this may allow mathematicians to explore radically new kinds of mathematics using an LLM-powered proof assistant to train their intuitions as well as ensure their arguments are correct. Existing proof assistants have already played this role for fields such as homotopy type theory.
Abstraction boundaries and spec driven development in pure mathematics
Authors: Commelin Johan , Topaz Adam
Published: February 2024

In this article we discuss how abstraction boundaries can help tame complexity in mathematical research with the help of an interactive theorem prover. While many of the ideas we present here have been used implicitly by mathematicians for some time, we argue that the use of an interactive theorem prover introduces additional qualitative benefits in the implementation of these ideas.
Reforming solid tumor treatment: the emerging potential of smaller format antibody-drug conjugate
Authors: Ma Xiaojie , Wang Mingkai , Ying Tianlei , Wu Yanling
Published: February 2024

In recent years, substantial therapeutic efficacy of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) has been validated through approvals of 16 ADCs for the treatment of malignant tumors. However, realization of the maximum clinical use of ADCs requires surmounting extant challenges, mainly the limitations in tumor penetration capabilities when targeting solid tumors. To resolve the hurdle of suboptimal tumor penetration, miniaturized antibody fragments with engineered formats have been harnessed for ADC assembly. By virtue of their reduced molecular sizes, antibody fragment-drug conjugates hold considerable promise for efficacious delivery of cytotoxic agents, thus conferring superior therapeutic outcomes. This review will focus on current advancements in novel ADC development utilizing smaller antibody formats from ~6 to 80 kDa, with particular emphasis on single-domain antibodies, which have been widely applied in novel ADC design. Additionally, strategies to optimize clinical translation are discussed, including half-life extension, acceleration of internalization, and reduction of immunogenic potential.