bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selbstregulative Zielfokussierungen mathematisch potenziell begabter Dritt- und ViertklässlerInnen. Theoretisch-analytische und empirische Untersuchungen
Authors: Witte Alena
Published: May 2023

Selbstregulative Kompetenzen rücken in der Begabungsforschung gegenwärtig immer häufiger als bedeutsamer Persönlichkeitsaspekt hinsichtlich der individuellen Begabungsentwicklung in den Fokus. Verschiedene wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse weisen beispielsweise darauf hin, dass Zusammenhänge zwischen ausgewählten selbstregulativen Kompetenzen und Begabungsentwicklungen sowie erfolgreichen mathematischen Problemlöseprozessen bestehen. Daran anknüpfend wurden in dem vorliegenden Promotionsvorhaben theoretisch-analytische, theoretisch-konstruktive sowie empirische Untersuchungen durchgeführt, die auf die selbstregulativen Kompetenzen der Zielfokussierung mathematisch potenziell begabter Dritt- und ViertklässlerInnen gerichtet waren. Hierzu wurde zunächst ein „hypothetisches Modell zur selbstregulierten Problembearbeitung mathematisch begabter Dritt- und ViertklässlerInnen“ konstruiert, das wechselseitige Zusammenhänge zwischen den komplexen Problemlöseprozessen mathematisch begabter Kinder und den selbstregulativen Kompetenzen beim Lösen mathematischer Problemaufgaben darstellt und zugleich als theoretische Fundierung für die folgenden empirischen Untersuchungen diente. Diesbezüglich wurden im Rahmen qualitativer Erkundungsuntersuchungen gemäß einer Methoden-Triangulation die Untersuchungsmethoden des klinischen Interviews und des lauten Denkens kombiniert. Im Ergebnis der theoretisch-analytischen und empirischen Untersuchungen konnte insbesondere geschlussfolgert werden, dass die selbstregulativen Kompetenzen der Zielfokussierung bei mathematisch potenziell begabten Dritt- und ViertklässlerInnen wesentlich für das erfolgreiche Bearbeiten anspruchsvoller mathematischer Problemaufgaben sind. Zudem kann ihnen eine relevante Bedeutung für die erfolgreiche Entwicklung mathematischer Begabungen im Grundschulalter zugeschrieben werden. Davon ausgehend lässt sich die „selbstregulative Zielfokussierung“ als eine begabungsstützende Persönlichkeitseigenschaft charakterisieren, um die das „Modell mathematischer Begabungsentwicklung im 3. und 4. Schuljahr“ nach KÄPNICK & FUCHS (2006) erweitert werden kann.
Analisis perbandingan tools mobile forensic menggunakan metode national institute of justice (NIJ)
Authors: Mualfah Desti , Muhammad Iqbal Syam  , Baidarus
Published: May 2023

Media sosial sebagai salah satu aplikasi pesan singkat berbasis online dan sangat populer dikalangan masyarakat khususnya di Indonesia. Salah satu aplikasi media sosial terpopuler adalah Signal Messenger. Kepopuleran penggunaan aplikasi ini dipengaruhi karena kekhawatiran dan kepedulian dalam menjaga informasi pribadi masing-masing penggunanya. Aplikasi pesan instan seringkali disalahgunakan pada momen kejahatan dunia maya atau dikenal dengan istilah cybercrime. Pada penelitian telah dilakukan perbandingan kinerja dari dua forensic tools yaitu Oxygen Forensic Detectivedan Belkasoft Evidence Center, yang digunakan untuk mengembalikan data yang telah dihapus, dan barang bukti digital lainnya pada skenario kasus transaksi jual beli narkoba. Metode investigasi dalam penelitian mobile forensic ini menggunakan National Institute of Justice (NIJ), yang terdiri atas lima tahapan antara lain identification, collection, examination, analysis, dan reporting. Dari hasil analisis pada pencarian 6 bukti digital pada file physical image ‘mmcblk0’, menggunakan tool mobile forensic Oxygen Forensic Detective, didapatkan sebanyak 5 dari 6 total bukti digital dengan pencapaian nilai 83.33%. Sedangkan tool mobile forensic Belkasoft Evidence Center, mendapatkan sebanyak 4 dari 6 total bukti digital dengan pencapaian nilai 66.67%. Penggunaan kedua tools tersebut telah berhasil mendapatkan bukti digital, yang digunakan pada skenario kasus transaksi jual beli narkoba, pada barang bukti perangkat smartphone android Samsung Galaxy J2 Prime.
JWST and ALMA Imaging of Dust-obscured, Massive Substructures in a Typical z ∼ 3 Star-forming Disk Galaxy
Authors: Rujopakarn Wiphu , Williams Christina C. , Daddi Emanuele , Schramm Malte , Sun Fengwu , Alberts Stacey , Rieke George H. , Tan 谈 Qing-Hua 清华 , Tacchella Sandro , Giavalisco Mauro , Silverman John D.
Published: May 2023

We present an identification of dust-attenuated star-forming galactic-disk substructures in a typical star-forming galaxy (SFG), UDF2, at z = 2.696. To date, substructures containing significant buildup of stellar mass and actively forming stars have yet to be found in typical (i.e., main-sequence) SFGs at z > 2. This is due to the strong dust attenuation common in massive galaxies at the epoch and the scarcity of high-resolution, high-sensitivity extinction-independent imaging. To search for disk substructures, we subtracted the central stellar-mass disk from the JWST/NIRCam rest-frame 1.2 μm image (0.″13 resolution) and subtracted, in the visibility plane, the central starburst disk from Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) rest-frame 240 μm observations (0.″03 resolution). The residual images revealed substructures at rest-frame 1.2 μm colocated with those found at rest-frame 240 μm, ≃2 kpc away from the galactic center. The largest substructure contains ≃20% of the total stellar mass and ≃5% of the total star formation rate of the galaxy. While UDF2 exhibits a kinematically ordered velocity field of molecular gas consistent with a secularly evolving disk, more sensitive observations are required to characterize the nature and the origin of this substructure (spiral arms, minor merger, or other types of disk instabilities). UDF2 resides in an overdense region (N ≥ 4 massive galaxies within 70 kpc projected distance at z = 2.690–2.697) and the substructures may be associated with interaction-induced instabilities. Importantly, a statistical sample of such substructures identified with JWST and ALMA could play a key role in bridging the gap between the bulge-forming starburst and the rest of the galaxy.
Modeling the Transmission and Emission Spectra of K2-18b: Determining the Surfaces of Exoplanets with Hydrogen Dominated Atmospheres
Authors: Nicholson Lorraine , Hood Callie E. , Fortney Jonathan J. , Yu Xinting
Published: May 2023

Exoplanets between the sizes of Earth and Neptune are abundant in the universe yet absent in our solar system. We do not know if these “sub-Neptune” planets have a surface or how deep their surfaces may be. Recent studies have shown atmospheric chemistry may reflect the surface depth of these planets. In this work, we aim to determine if future observations—at wavelengths and resolutions applicable to JWST—can determine the surface pressure of sub-Neptunes. We present model transmission and emission spectra of the canonical sub-Neptune K2-18b assuming four different surface pressures. The transmission spectra indicate the shallow surface (1 bar) is the most distinguishable from the deeper surfaces, with differences at 2, 4–5, and 10 μm. The emission spectra also show the shallow surface as most distinguishable, noticeably around 3–4 μm.
Cool Cores in Clusters of Galaxies in the Dark Energy Survey
Authors: Graham K. , O’Donnell J. , Silverstein M. M. , Eiger O. , Jeltema T. E. , Hollowood D. L. , Cross D. , Everett S. , Giles P. , Jobel J. , Laubner D. , McDaniel A. , Romer A. K. , Swart A. , Aguena M. , Allam S. , Alves O. , Brooks D. , Carrasco Kind M. , Carretero J. , Costanzi M. , da Costa L. N. , Pereira M. E. S. , De Vicente J. , Desai S. , Dietrich J. P. , Doel P. , Ferrero I. , Frieman J. , García-Bellido J. , Gruen D. , Gruendl R. A. , Hinton S. R. , Honscheid K. , James D. J. , Kuehn K. , Kuropatkin N. , Lahav O. , Marshall J. L. , Melchior P. , Mena-Fernández J. , Menanteau F. , Miquel R. , Ogando R. L. C. , Palmese A. , Pieres A. , Malagón A. A. Plazas , Reil K. , Rodriguez-Monroy M. , Sanchez E. , Scarpine V. , Schubnell M. , Smith M. , Suchyta E. , Tarle G. , To C. , Weaverdyck N. ,   DES Collaboration
Published: May 2023

We search for the presence of cool cores in optically selected galaxy clusters from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) and investigate their prevalence as a function of redshift and cluster richness. Clusters were selected from the redMaPPer analysis of three years of DES observations that have archival Chandra X-ray observations, giving a sample of 99 clusters with a redshift range of 0.11 < z < 0.87 and a richness range of 25 < λ < 207. Using the X-ray data, the core temperature was compared to the outer temperature to identify clusters where the core temperature is a factor of 0.7 or less than the outer temperature. We found a cool core fraction of approximately 20% with no significant trend in the cool core fraction with either redshift or richness.
An update of the distribution of Boeckella gracilis (Daday, 1902) (Crustacea, Copepoda) in the Araucania region (38ºS), Chile, and a null model for understanding its species associations in its habitat
Authors: De los Ríos-Escalante Patricio , Carreño Eriko , Hauenstein Enrique , Vega Marcela
Published: May 2023

The crustacean zooplankton of Chilean inland waters are characterized by abundant calanoid copepods, mainly from the genus Boeckella. The present study aims to update the distribution of Boeckella gracilis in the inland waters of the Araucania region (38-39ºS) and to use null model analysis to understand the B. gracilis species associations. In the literature for Chile, this species is reported to be found in one northern lake and in three lakes of northern Patagonia. These findings are complemented by reports of this species for coastal and mountain ponds and mountain lakes of the Araucania region. These results agree with descriptions of this species for South American inland waters. The results of the null model analysis reveal factors regulating the species associations, whether comparing all the inhabitats or the guild structure, although some simulations show the opposite situation due to the presence of repeated species at many sites.
Preference, tolerance and resistance responses of Poecilia sphenops Valenciennes, 1846 (Pisces: Poeciliidae) to thermal fluctuations
Authors: Hernández-Rodríguez Mónica , Bückle-Ramirez L. Fernando
Published: May 2023

Poecilia sphenops was acclimated to two thermal fluctuations, each following a symmetrical and asymmetrical cycle. The critical maximum temperatures of the fish were significantly different (P ≤ 0.001) between the thermal fluctuations: 40°C for the 20-29ºC thermal cycle and exceeding 42°C for the 26- 35ºC cycle. Fish acclimated to the 20-29ºC thermal cycle were more resistant to cold, with a critical thermal minimum of 10ºC, unlike specimens of the 26-35ºC regime, with a critical minimum of 11.7°C. In both cycles, the upper incipient lethal temperature interval was 38.8 to 39.5ºC and the lower incipient lethal temperature interval was 10.8 to 11.8°C. Females preferred temperatures between 30 and 31°C, in all but the 26-35ºC symmetric cycle. Males preferred a temperature between 23.8 and 24.2°C (symmetrical cycle). The high and low avoidance temperatures of male and female fish acclimated to the 20-29ºC cycle were, respectively, 14 and 16ºC, compared to the 26-35°C treatment, in which case these values were 8.4 and 11.4ºC. The results indicate that P. sphenops is perfectly adapted to the marked seasons of rain and drought of their habitat.
Diel and tidal variation in surf zone fish assemblages of a sheltered beach in southern Brazil
Authors: Félix-Hackradt Fabiana C. , Spach Henry L. , Moro Pietro S. , Pichler Helen A. , Maggi Aline S. , Hostim-Silva Maurício , Hackradt Carlos W.
Published: May 2023

Diel and tidal variations of fish assemblages were assessed at Pontal beach, southern Brazil, using a seine net. Species richness was greater at night, whereas fish number, weight, and richness (community indicators) were all influenced by the tidal state. Samples from rising tides were more representative, probably due to onshore fish movements for feeding purposes. However, lower catches were associated with high tides, mainly through net avoidance, indicating that sampling in these conditions is not highly informative. Clupeoids exhibited greater variation in a 24 h period, and the night occurrence of A. tricolor and daylight shoaling of Harengula clupeola, Anchoa parva and Sardinella brasiliensis suggested distinct strategies for avoiding daylight predators. In some species, this behaviour may have been induced by the bottom morphology and tidal state, facilitating nearshore grouping. In addition to being caught at night, the occurrences of Menticirrhus littoralis, Pomadasys corvinaeformis, Umbrina coroides and Hyporhamphus unifasciatus indicated a spatial niche partition according to tidal state. Although not evaluated properly, temporal fluctuations could reflect species recruitment patterns. Seasonal fluctuations have to be considered when analysing short-term changes in the community as such fluctuations are synchronized with the natural history of the species, making it difficult to interpret short-term variations in isolation.
Eyestalk ablation and acclimation temperatures affect juveniles Penaeus vannamei thermo-tolerance: molecular biomarkers of cell protection oxidative stress, and compensatory mechanisms
Authors: López-Galindo Laura , Larios-Soriano Ernesto , Ventura-López Claudia , Díaz Fernando , Re Denise , Galindo-Sánchez Clara E.
Published: May 2023

This study investigated the effect of acclimation temperatures and eyestalk ablation (EA) on the thermal tolerance of juvenile Penaeus vannamei. In each case, the relative expression of genes involved in cell protection (hsp70 and hsp90), oxidative stress (cMnSOD and GPx), and anaerobic metabolism (hif1a) was assessed. For this purpose, shrimp were acclimated to 20, 26, and 32°C for 21 days. After acclimation, the critical thermal maxima (CTmax) was determined in non-eyestalk ablated, unilaterally, and bilaterally eyestalk ablated organisms. An effect of acclimation temperatures on CTmax values was observed, with shrimp acclimated at 32°C having the highest rates. Likewise, EA resulted in lower thermal tolerance to CTmax in organisms acclimated at 20 and 26°C. The shrimp's protective and cellular repair responses were evidenced by increased hsp70 and hsp90 gene expression after CTmax and were intensified by the EA. In contrast, the results showed that cMnSOD was very sensitive to CTmax, and its expression was intensified with EA, while for GPx, there was an increase in the relative gene expression, mainly in shrimp acclimated at 20°C. In the case of hif1a, overexpression was observed at the acclimation temperature of 26°C, showing the activation of compensatory mechanisms such as anaerobic metabolism. EA caused a significant molecular response during CTmax of molecular biomarkers involved in heat stress response, oxidative stress, and compensatory mechanisms.
Effect of periods of delayed first exogenous feeding in goldfish Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) larvae
Authors: Motta Jonas H. de S. , Ballester Eduardo Luis Cupertino , De Souza André B. , Polese Marcelo F. , Radael Marcella C. , Glória Leonardo S. , Vidal Jr. Manuel V.
Published: May 2023

Four treatments were established to evaluate the effect of delayed first exogenous feeding and subsequent feeding periods on the development of goldfish larvae. The fasting and feeding periods were arranged as follows: T1 (0DFA:30DF), T2 (4DFA:26DF), T3 (8DFA:22DF), and T4 (12DFA:18DF), where DFA are the days of fasting and DF are the days of feeding. The larvae were kept in community tanks for each repetition, with 75 larvae per tank (3.75 larvae L-1). There was no significant difference in total length or final weight between larvae submitted to 0, 4, and 8 days of feed deprivation. However, larvae submitted to 12 DFA had higher values of the same variables than the other treatments. No significant difference in larval survival was observed between T1, T2, and T3, but T4 negatively influenced survival. Under the conditions evaluated, the point of no return was 4 DFA. Dead larvae were partly eaten in the fasting treatments. The delayed first feeding should be avoided in large-scale productions since it significantly reduces survival during cultivation. This article results from research funded by the Pescarte Environmental Education Project (PEA/IBAMA).
Interrelationship of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producers and Biofilm Formation among the Gram-Negative Bacteria from Tabuk, KSA
Authors: Zubair Mohammad , Mohammad Ibrahim
Published: May 2023

AIM: The present study investigates the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and the formation of biofilm among different bacterial pathogens.
METHODS: The study conducted prospective analysis on bacteria isolates (Gram-negative) from patients who have diagnosed with infections with bacteria between October 2020 and January 2022.
RESULTS: The results showed that there were 53 biofilm producers in Escherichia coli. In contrast, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed to have the highest percentage, with 32/40 (80%) isolates being biofilm producers. The least number of isolates were Morganella morganii (n = 2) with two (100%) biofilm producers. The resistance in the biofilm positive isolates was high compared with biofilm negative. About 88% of phenotypic ESBL-positive isolates were biofilm producers, and 97% of cefotaxime-resistant biofilm-positive isolates were genotypic positive for CTX-M, TEM, and SHV genes.
CONCLUSION: The present study has shown that protection against antibiotics through mucus production is possible due to bacteria’s reduced metabolic activity and diffusion of antibiotics across the biofilm matrix. In this study, all the bacterial strains of E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were reported to be MDR and competent for establishing biofilm.
Cytotoxicity and Antitumor Activity of Arglabin and its Derivatives
Authors: Adekenov Sergazy , Spiwok Vojtech , Beutler John , Maslova Olga , Rakhimov Kairolla
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND: At present, more than 8000 sesquiterpene lactones have been isolated and described from natural sources, a significant part of which has cytotoxicity and antitumor activity. One of the practically available sesquiterpene lactones is arglabin, which, as a renewable material, is used for the synthesis of new compounds. The article presents data on the study of cytotoxicity and antitumor activity of the arglabin and its derivatives using molecular modeling methods and, in the experiment in vitro and in vivo.
AIM: The aim of this work is to study the cytotoxicity and antitumor activity of new compounds based on the sesquiterpene lactone arglabin using molecular modeling and experimental pharmacology.
METHODS: ChemDraw programs and a set of AutoDock programs were used for computer simulation. Molecular docking  was  carried  out  using  the  Maestro  graphical  interface  of  the  Schrödinger Suite  software  package (Schrödinger, LLC, New York, NY, 2017). Docking modes standard precision and XP (extra precision) were used. In in vitro experiments, the antitumor activity of compound samples was studied in models of 60 human tumor cell lines, and clonogenic C6 rat glioma cells. The antitumor activity of the samples was studied in experiments in vivo on white outbred rats with transplanted tumors and was evaluated by the inhibition of tumor growth and the magnitude of the increase in average life expectancy.
CONCLUSION: When studying the antitumor activity on 60 cell lines of tumor cells (NCI60), clonogenic cells of C6 rat glioma, a high antitumor activity of some arglabin derivatives was established. The connection between the structure of arglabin derivatives and their inhibitory effect on farnesyl protein transferase, topoisomerases -I and -II was studied.
Hybrid Concept Analysis: Peer Collaborative Clinical Decision-Making in Nursing Simulation
Authors: Peng Ngo Thye , Barnes Roxie , Reising Deanna
Published: May 2023

Background:

Nursing students collaborate and make clinical decisions in simulation scenarios. However, the literature does not clearly define the concept of peer collaborative clinical decision-making (PCCDM). This hybrid concept analysis explored and established the definition of PCCDM among nursing students in simulation.

Method:

A total of 19 articles were reviewed, and 11 dyads of nursing students were interviewed after participating in virtual reality simulation for their perspectives on PCCDM.

Results:

Five major themes were identified: group (1) communication; (2) awareness; (3) regulation; (4) reasoning; and (5) emotion. The conceptual definition of PCCDM is a dynamic, nonhierarchical, and group-level process of cognitive and socioemotional interactions among peers about a clinical situation that involves group communication, awareness, and regulation of reasoning and emotion within the collaborative space.

Conclusion:

This analysis provides a conceptual definition of PCCDM in nursing simulation as well as a pathway for developing a theoretical framework and instrument.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2023;62(5):269–277.]
Cohen's and Hedges' g
Authors: Taylor John M. , Alanazi Sattam
Published: May 2023

A cursory review of relevant research works published in the
Journal of Nursing Education
suggests our community relies heavily on Cohen's
d
. Although Cohen's
d
is a valuable effect size, it possesses a number of limitations that warrants our community adopting a wider set of effect size statistics to help promote a valid science of nursing education. We specifically call attention to Hedges' g.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2023;62(5):316–317.]
Existence and blow-up of solutions for finitely degenerate semilinear parabolic equations with singular potentials
Authors: Xu Huiyang
Published: May 2023

In this article, we investigate the initial-boundary value problem for a class of finitely degenerate semilinear parabolic equations with singular potential term. By applying the Galerkin method and Banach fixed theorem we establish the local existence and uniqueness of the weak solution. On the other hand, by constructing a family of potential wells, we prove the global existence, the decay estimate and the finite time blow-up of solutions with subcritical or critical initial energy.
Tabula Iliberritana: un decretum decurionum relativo a munificencia cívica ex testamento hallado en la villa de Los Mondragones (Granada)
Authors: Ventura Villanueva Ángel , Bustamante-Álvarez Macarena , Rodríguez Aguilera Ángel , Jódar Hódar Carmen , Rodríguez Aguilera Julia
Published: May 2023

Damos a conocer dos inscripciones latinas fragmentarias aparecidas en contexto arqueológico doméstico: concretamente, una villa suburbana del entorno de Iliberri. La primera de ellas permite asociar esta propiedad con la familia senatorial de los Mummii Nigri. La segunda es un decreto decurional, el primero recuperado en Hispania, inscrito sobre tabla de bronce y relativo a una liberalidad post mortem, para con su patria, de un miembro de dicha familia en época adrianea.
Back to Combe-Grèze (La Cresse, Aveyron): New data on the Neolithisation of the Grands Causses region, Southwestern France–abridged version
Authors: Defranould Elsa , Bertin Ingrid , Bouby Laurent , Bréhard Stéphanie , Caro Joséphine , Carozza Jean-Michel , Cauliez Jessie , Convertini Fabien , Durand Frédérique , Henry Auréade , Lejay Mathieu , Manen Claire , Roguet Guillaume , Vigne Jean-Denis , Zazzo Antoine
Published: May 2023

The small shelter of Combe-Grèze, located in a dolina of the Causse Noir plateau about ten kilometres northeast of Millau in Southwestern France, was first excavated in the second half of the 20th century, and more recently has been subject to new investigations by the authors of this contribution. The site was repeatedly occupied during the Holocene and has been widely referred to in neolithisation scenarios regarding the Mediterranean hinterlands. However, fieldwork carried out over the last few years in the area outside the shelter and the reevaluation of ancient collections stemming from the site have largely modified previous interpretations and evidenced that the site reveals a palimpsest of occupations. We therefore propose here an updating of the available data concerning the site, more particularly with regard to the nature of its occupational stages, its chronology, and the material production associated with the different occupations, the exploited resources, and the palaeoenvironmental reconstructions.
Perception de la qualité de l’air urbain extérieur et information du public : retour sur l’application Air To Go
Authors: Herrmann Lou , Aschan-Leygonie Christina
Published: May 2023

Les controverses citoyennes autour des mesures de la qualité de l’air sont fréquentes dans certains lieux et l’une des explications se trouve être les importants écarts entre ressentis et mesures de la qualité de l’air. Ces controverses témoignent de l’enjeu social et sanitaire lié à cette question et le fait que la pollution de l’air place les populations dans une « ambiguïté perceptive ». L’article interroge la place de la connaissance dans les mécanismes de perception de la qualité de l’air. Dans cette perspective, les Associations agréées de surveillance de la qualité de l'air (AASQA), doivent relever un défi de taille : traduire des connaissances scientifiques complexes en une information lisible et appropriable entrant parfois en contradiction avec les perceptions sensorielles. Suite à la création par Atmo Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes d’une application mobile, Air To Go, diffusant un indice quotidien de qualité de l’air géolocalisé à une échelle d’une précision de 10 mètres, nous nous intéressons à la façon dont l’accès à des informations à une échelle très précise modifie les représentations de la pollution en atténuant le filtre perceptif. Les résultats montrent la nécessité de nuancer l’influence du filtre perceptif sur les représentations de la pollution atmosphérique, à la fois pour améliorer la perception des risques, mais aussi pour changer in fine les comportements en termes d’exposition et d’émission de polluants.
Indicateurs et pratiques de gestion de la salinité des sols dans le Gorom-Lampsar (delta du Sénégal)
Authors: Diouf Ousmane , Bartout Pascal , Touchart Laurent
Published: May 2023

Au Sénégal, dans les périmètres agricoles de l’axe Gorom-Lampsar (moyen delta du fleuve Sénégal), la petite paysannerie agricole est confrontée à une salinisation secondaire des sols résultant, d’une part, des conséquences des politiques néolibérales initiées dans les années 1980, et, d’autre part, des effets de l’absence d’assistance de la part de l’État dans la politique agricole. Cette situation engendre une absence de cadre de gestion opérationnelle, et par conséquent une mauvaise gestion de l’eau à l’échelle des périmètres. Une telle gestion, ajoutée à de mauvaises politiques d’aménagement qui affaiblissent davantage la maîtrise de l’usage de l’eau ainsi qu’au mauvais drainage et à la mauvaise évacuation des rejets agricoles, cause, au-delà de la salinisation et de l’abandon des terres, la destruction de l’équilibre fragile de cet espace agricole. Dans ce contexte, les paysans utilisent des indicateurs vernaculaires de reconnaissance de la salinité des sols et mobilisent des pratiques agronomiques et hydrauliques associées, lesquelles dominées par l’utilisation des intrants chimiques. Ceci favorise de meilleurs rendements à court terme mais, n’assurent pas forcément une bonne gestion des terres salées qui est inhérente à la gestion de l’eau, laquelle se veut opérationnelle et stratégique.
(Bio)porodi rekk ? Structuration des savoirs paysans de protection des cultures et dépendance aux pesticides en maraîchage – Cas d’une commune maraîchère de la zone des Niayes (Sénégal)
Authors: Gaillard Baptiste
Published: May 2023

Au Sénégal, le recours aux pesticides en maraîchage est une pratique généralisée et persistante. Cette situation est illustrée par la formule synthétique « porodi rekk » (« juste les pesticides » en wolof), par laquelle les maraîchers résument usuellement leur approche de la gestion des nuisibles. L’objectif de cet article est d’explorer les savoirs paysans de protection des cultures maraîchères, puis d’analyser la contribution de ces savoirs à la reproduction de la lutte chimique à l’échelle du secteur maraîcher sénégalais. Pour ce faire, le présent article analyse comment ces savoirs sont structurés par le réseau matériel et social qui leur est associé, et comment ces savoirs structurent à leur tour les pratiques des maraîchers. La méthode retenue a consisté en une étude de cas centrée sur une commune (anonymisée) de la zone des Niayes – principal bassin de production de légumes au Sénégal. Quarante-huit (48) entretiens semi-directifs ont été réalisés auprès de maraîchers et de revendeurs de pesticides, principalement, avant d’être analysés par codage inductif. Il ressort que les savoirs des maraîchers sont doublement structurés i) par leur mise en partage dans des réseaux informels de conseil et ii) une appréhension empirico-sensorielle des pesticides et de leur efficacité. Ce mode de structuration assure la production continue et incrémentale de savoirs de protection des cultures qui comportent i) une classification paysanne des pesticides, ii) une représentation dominante des causes des problèmes phytosanitaires, iii) une connaissance évolutive des traitements chimiques les plus efficaces – mais également iv) une large ignorance des risques occasionnés par la lutte chimique sur la santé et l’environnement. Finalement, le processus d’innovation en vigueur en matière de protection des cultures maraîchères – et le réseau matériel et social qui le sous-tend – assurent l’amélioration continue et la reproduction de la lutte chimique. Paradoxalement, la promotion des biopesticides ou traitements « bio », assurée par certains organismes et projets de développements, aggrave l’invisibilisation des rares savoirs paysans alternatifs. Au-delà du rôle des savoirs, la littérature suggère que la persistance de la lutte chimique au niveau du secteur maraîcher sénégalais découle plus généralement d’un triple verrouillage politico-institutionnel, technico-économique et socio-cognitif.
Évaluation des méthodes de classifications dirigées (spectrale et orientée objet) sur les images satellitaires à THRS
Authors: Akoguhi Patrice N’guessan , Dibi Hyppolite N’da , Godo Marc Houin , Adja Germain Miessan , Kouamé Fernand Koffi
Published: May 2023

Cette étude se propose d’analyser les performances de la classification dite spectrale et de la classification dite orientée objet pour la cartographie du tissu urbain des communes de Cocody et d’Attécoubé, dans l’agglomération d’Abidjan en Côte d’Ivoire, à partir des images satellitaires à Très haute résolution spatiale (THRS). Ces deux techniques de classification ont été successivement appliquées à trois sites tests, à savoir une zone bien bâtie (ZBB), une zone à habitats précaires (ZHP) et une zone non bâtie (ZNB). Les résultats des deux traitements sont comparés afin d’analyser les performances. Il ressort de ces traitements que la classification orientée objet (COO) est mieux adaptée que la classification spectrale (CS) pour la cartographie des sites bâtis, car elle améliore la précision cartographique de 4,58%. Au niveau des sites à habitats précaires, les deux types de classifications affichent les précisions globales presque similaires : 89,59% pour la classification spectrale et 90,32% pour l’approche orientée objet. Concernant les terrains non bâtis, la CS est la mieux indiquée avec une amélioration globale de 8,22% par rapport à l’approche COO. En somme, la COO semble plus adaptée pour l’extraction d’unités cartographiques des sites bien structurés. Au fur et à mesure que le niveau d’organisation du site décroit, les performances de la COO baissent au profit de la CS.
La formation réciproque sur les questions de justice énergétique dans l’espace politique local: enjeux et possibilités
Authors: Brière Laurence , Prud’homme Maude , Moreau Guillaume , Orellana Isabel , Marleau Marie-Ève , Chatelain Martine
Published: May 2023

Les milieux municipaux pourraient jouer un rôle de premier plan dans la transition énergétique et écologique. Au Québec, les pouvoirs dévolus aux municipalités sont effectivement directement concernés par la « transition ». De plus, les habitant.e.s disposent de savoirs précieux en ce qui concerne leur environnement de proximité et le tissu social qui s’y est construit. On peut d’ailleurs se réjouir de l’engouement observé ces dernières années pour l’engagement politique à l’échelle locale. Cela étant, force est de constater que, de manière générale, les citoyen.ne.s et les élu.e.s locaux connaissent trop peu les leviers politiques, légaux et règlementaires qui pourraient être saisis pour impulser une transition qui soutienne la justice énergétique. Citoyen.ne.s et élu.e.s ont aussi trop peu d’espaces pour échanger et débattre. Cet article présente les résultats d’un volet du projet de recherche-action partenariale FORJE – FORmation collaborative pour une Justice Énergétique. Nous y traitons plus particulièrement des enjeux de l’engagement politique local et des stratégies de formation réciproque qui pourraient soutenir des démarches territoriales de transition qui soient ancrées dans une vision à la fois dialogique et pragmatiste.
Understanding the Extent of Automation and Process Transparency Appropriate for Public Services
Authors: Long Yi , Gil-Garcia J. Ramon
Published: May 2023

Many countries are exploring the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to improve their operations and services, and China is no exception. However, not all AI techniques or automation approaches are suitable for every government service or process since transparency and accountability are paramount in the public sector. In this context, automation via expert systems (ES) is still a vital complement or even an alternative to AI techniques, because they can be more easily audited for potential biases. This paper analyzes the smart examination and approval (SEA) process use in China and explores how different forms of automation could be better options for certain services or specific processes within services, considering their level of transparency as an important characteristic. Based on these results, the authors argue that governments could consider hybrid approaches combining, for example, machine learning, for verification processes, and ES, which are more easily auditable, to make final decisions on individual cases. They also propose a classification of services by considering the extent of automation and process transparency needed. The classification considers a hybrid approach such as SEA, but also include other alternatives such as the exclusive use of AI techniques, as well as traditional online delivery and face-to-face procedures.
Alcohol abuse in African traditional religion: Education and enlightenment as panacea for integration and development
Authors: Ekeke Emeka C. , John Elizabeth O.
Published: May 2023

Alcoholism is endemic in Nigeria’s traditional religion and society. This abuse is especially common at New Yam festivals, Ekpe, Ekpo and Nmanwu masquerades festivals, burial rituals, birth, marriage and naming ceremonies. Some claim that this is driven by specific beliefs and activities in African culture, such as beliefs in ancestors, libation, hospitality and entertaining guests and strangers and the desire to maintain the cultural traditions of the ancestors. Alcohol abuse has generated major health and social issues for abusers, their families and society, plunging families, towns and tribes into crises and conflicts that bring economic and political retrogression. This research studied how the African traditional religion encourages alcohol misuse and how to decrease it for national development. This study was on Nigeria’s South-South region. The study uses qualitative and ethnographic research methodologies, including key informants, in-depth and focus group interviews and the reward deficiency syndrome as a theoretical framework. Although African Traditional Religion (ATR) supports alcohol usage, greed, a lack of self-control, peer pressure, indiscipline and lack of moral upbringing led to alcohol misuse, which harms the person, family, community and country as a whole. Education and enlightenment are a remedy to free alcoholics and utilise them for national integration and development.Contribution: Some say Africans drink a lot because their religious heritage promotes drinking, leading to abuse. However, peer pressure, selfishness, a lack of self-control, bad parenting and not religion push persons with reward deficiency syndrome into alcoholism, according to this research.
Perspectives of human resource practitioners in two urban local authorities in Zimbabwe
Authors: Gumbie Anoziva C. , Dhanpat Nelesh , Joseph Renjini M.
Published: May 2023

Orientation: This study examines the experiences of human resource (HR) practitioners in two urban local authorities (ULAs) in Zimbabwe.Research purpose: The research aimed to understand the human resource management (HRM)-oriented strategies and the extent to which HR practitioners’ experiences could enable effective implementation.Motivation for the study: There is a need to understand the challenges HR practitioners in ULAs in Zimbabwe face in delivering effective HRM.Research approach/design and method: The study adopted a qualitative research approach using semi-structured interviews with 17 purposively selected HR practitioners. Thematic analysis was used to extract themes from the interviews.Main findings: The findings revealed five themes of HRM challenges in Zimbabwean ULAs, including political interference, resource constraints, bureaucracy and the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Human resource management delivery is hindered by stakeholder involvement, performance management gaps, technology gaps and limited interaction with line management. Additionally, traditional HRM approaches committee-focused procedures, and inadequate investment in employee education limit HRM capabilities and procedures.Practical/managerial implications: The study suggests that policymakers and HR practitioners in ULAs in Zimbabwe should pay attention to the identified HRM challenges and proposed solutions to enhance HRM delivery and HR performance. The proposed conceptual model can serve as a guide to overcoming HRM challenges.Contribution/value-add: This study adds to the limited research on public sector HRM in Africa, and stakeholders and HR practitioners can benefit from the conceptual model and recommendations for streamlining HRM procedures in ULAs in Zimbabwe.
An enabler framework for developing knowledge management practices: Perspectives from Nigeria
Authors: Pepple Dennis G. , Dore-Okuiomse Mary M.
Published: May 2023

Background: Palm oil production in Nigeria has scope for massive improvements, regardless of Nigeria’s position as a dominant producer. Palm oil from Nigeria is banned in certain countries because of a lack of standards. The majority of palm oil producers are indigenous farmers who tend to use traditional practices to extract the product. While palm oil production conducted traditionally is cleaner, indigenous farmers need more workforce and mechanized machinery to extract their oil in bulk supply.Objectives: This research aims to highlight palm oil producers’ indigenous knowledge management practices and specifically explore how the information is created, stored and disseminated compared with contemporary producers.Method: A qualitative research approach involving 40 participants who were purposively drawn was used to investigate the indigenous knowledge management and contemporary knowledge management practices related to palm oil extraction in Ologbo in Ikpoba-Okha of Edo State, Nigeria, using Lee and Choi’s 2003 enabler framework.Results: The study identified areas of convergence and divergence in the knowledge management practices of indigenous and contemporary farmers using the enabler framework.Conclusion: Using the enabler framework to highlight knowledge management practices that need improvement is novel and provides a starting point for indigenous producers to improve their knowledge management practices.Contribution: The investigation of the enabler framework extends current theorization by providing contextual insights into how each framework component is collectively organized to support organizational outcomes.
Association of Hematological Parameters (Mean Platelet Volume and Red Cell Distribution Width) with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Verma Sonika , Verma Manish , Khari Sunny
Published: May 2023

Objectives:

We aimed to compare mean platelet volume (MPV) and red cell distribution width (RDW) values of the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients with the normal population and also assess the correlation of MPV and RDW with grades of NAFLD.

Methods:

An observational case–control study was conducted over a period of 21 months (November 2018–July 2020). Sixty-five patients with NAFLD and 65 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Demography, symptoms of the patients, and clinical investigations comprising hematological profile, liver enzyme tests, lipid profile, and viral markers were done. Ultrasound liver was done to assess the grading of NAFLD. The outcome measures were correlation between RDW, MPV, and NAFLD grade.

Results:

The median of RDW in cases was 14.5% which was significantly higher as compared to controls 12.4% (P < 0.05). The median MPV (μm3) in cases was significantly higher than controls (11.4 vs. 9, P < 0.05). The mean RDW (%) in Grade 3 was significantly higher as compared to Grade 2 and Grade 1 (17.04 vs. 14.63 vs. 12.95, P < 0.05). The mean MPV (μm3) in Grade 3 was significantly higher as compared to Grade 2 and Grade 1 (13.32 vs. 11.43 vs. 8.96, P < 0.05). A significant positive correlation was seen between grade of fatty liver with MPV (r = 0.908, P < 0.0001) and RDW (r = 0.892, P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

Overall, our study results show increased MPV and RDW in cases as compared to controls with significant correlation with liver grade, suggesting that these markers can be used to assess the onset and severity of NAFLD.
Transfusion of Incompatible Blood
Authors: Sandesh P. , Shenoy Damodar , Deepa Adiga S. A.
Published: May 2023

Transfusion of incompatible blood is mostly accidental rather than therapeutic. However, at times, we are faced with challenges wherein we need to transfuse incompatible blood. Once such situation arise in autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) if it leads to severe anemia. Here, we report a case of AIHA with hypoxia and hemodynamic instability requiring urgent transfusion and later diagnosed to have systemic lupus erythematosus. In AIHA, typing and crossmatching are very difficult. Therefore, one should use the least incompatible blood if transfusion is indicated for the risk of hemolysis.
Study on Drug-Induced Parkinsonism and its Clinical Patterns in Eastern Indian Population
Authors: Yadav Praveen Kumar
Published: May 2023

Background:

Drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) is important as it is reversible if identified and treated early. We present herewith various clinical patterns and drugs commonly causing DIP.

Materials and Methods:

This is a retrospective study with done at the outpatient neurology services of Aarogyam Neuroclinic, from Durgapur, West Bengal, during January 1, 2021–July 31, 2021. In this study, consecutive patients satisfying the inclusion criteria for DIP were included in the study. The inclusion criteria were: 1. All patients with two of the four cardinal features of parkinsonism – bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and postural imbalance. 2. There should be a temporal relationship of intake of medications before the onset of symptoms. 3. Exclusion of other causes of parkinsonism. The age, sex, and other demographic characteristics of study population were studied. The pattern of parkinsonism – symmetric, asymmetric, tremor-dominant, or rigidity-dominant was noted.

Results:

Out of 52 patients studied, 34 (65.38%) were male and 18 (34.61%) were female. The most common age group involved was 60–70 years (30.76%), followed by 70–80 years (26.92%) and 50–60 years (19.23%). The mean age was 60.61 years with a standard deviation of 13.44 years. On analysis of the clinical patterns of parkinsonism, the most common type was tremor-dominant symmetric parkinsonism (53.84%), followed by asymmetric parkinsonism (25%) and akinetic-rigid parkinsonism (21.12%). Orofacial dyskinesias were seen in 17.3% along with parkinsonism. Common drugs associated with DIP were gastrointestinal motility agent levosulpiride (25%), calcium channel blockers such as flunarizine (19.23%), aripiprazole (11.53%), amisulpiride (7.69%), sodium valproate (7.69%), olanzapine (3.8%), and itopride, flupenthixol, and risperidone (1.72%). Forty patients were followed up for 6 months, of which, majority (50%) showed complete recovery, whereas 25% each showed partial or persistent symptoms.

Conclusion:

DIP is a common disorder with varied presentations. Early diagnosis is crucial for complete recovery.
An Observational Study to Evaluate the Relation Between Infarction Type, Site, and the Degree of Conductive System Damage
Authors: Sangeetha K. , Myilsamy S. , Vijayakumar Praveen , Periaswamy Panneerselvam
Published: May 2023

Background:

Obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus are all on the rise, and they are all significant risk factors for ischemic heart disease (IHD). The prevalence of risk factors for IHD is quickly growing in developing countries as a result of urbanization. Large rises in IHD are observed around the world, and IHD has overtaken cancer as the leading cause of death after 2020.

Materials and Methods:

This is a 6-month prospective observational research undertaken at a tertiary care hospital where the myocardial infarction (MI) patients admitted to the intensive coronary care unit were included in the study.

Results:

Atrioventricular (AV) block was absent in 178 of 200 patients with acute MI. AV block was found in 22 of the remaining cases. The following is the frequency of each form of AV block: 12 patients had type 1 AV block. In five of the cases, type 1, 3 transition was found. Type 2 AV block was found in two cases. In one case, there was a 2, 3 transition.

Conclusion:

Preventing conduction system block may require the effective management of hypertension and maintaining appropriate blood glucose levels.
Coverage of pretibial leg defects with a combination of geometry of random pattern flaps in a diabetic ischaemic leg - Is it possible to have no secondary donor site defects?
Authors: Narendra S. M.
Published: May 2023

Coverage of leg defects with exposed bone, with long fasciocutaneous flaps, will almost always lead to the creation of secondary donor site, which requires to be covered with a skin graft harvested from the thigh, creating another wound, which will take 2–3 weeks to heal. Hence, to close and heal a defect, another wound is created, which is a liability for the patient, as there is no certainty that this created wound would heal without any complications. It would be ideal to cover pretibial defects with a flap without the creation of secondary donor site, as done in face and areas having good laxity of the skin. As there is no laxity of skin in a scarred, operated, ischaemic and diabetic leg, performing a flap without the creation of secondary donor site is very challenging.