bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tanggung Gugat Konsumen Gagal Bayar dalam Perjanjian Pembiayaan Konsumen Akibat Pandemi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19)
Authors: Andrean Sugeng
Published: June 2021

AbstractThroughout 2020 until earlier 2021 world is hit by pandemic known as the COVID-19 pandemic. Many sectors have the impact of this pandemic, one of which is the economic sector, especially consumer financing institutions. In Indonesia the COVID-19 pandemic has been designated as a non-natural national disaster through Presidential Decree No. 12/2020 (hereinafter referred to as Keppres 12/2020). Consumer or debitor at consumer finance companies argue that this Presidential Decree 12/2020 can be used as an excuse for force majeure so that contracts that have been made can be misled or canceled. For this reason, researchers conducted legal research to find answers to whether the COVID-19 pandemic could be used as an excuse force majeure in consumer financing contracts. In addition, researchers will also examine what legal measures can be made by consumers who fail to pay due to the COVID-19 pandemic for determining defaults in financing companies. Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Force Majeure; Consumer Financing Restructuring.AbstrakSepanjang tahun 2020 hingga awal tahun 2021 ini dunia tengah dilanda pandemi virus yang dikenal dengan sebutan pandemi COVID-19. Banyak sektor mengalami dampak dengan adanya pandemi ini, salah satunya adalah sektor ekonomi khususnya lembaga pembiayaan konsumen. Di Indonesia pandemi COVID-19 telah ditetapkan sebagai bencana nasional non alam melalui Keputusan Presiden Nomor 12 Tahun 2020 (selanjutnya disebut Keppres 12/2020). Konsumen atau debitur pada perusahaan pembiayaan konsumen mendalihkan bahwa Keppres 12/2020 ini dapat dijadikan alasan force majeure sehingga kontrak yang telah dibuat dapat disimpangi atau dibatalkan. Untuk itu peneliti melakukan penelitian hukum guna menemukan jawaban apakah pandemi COVID-19 dapat dijadikan alasan force majeure dalam kontrak pembiayaan konsumen. selain itu, peneliti juga akan menelaah upaya hukum apa yang dapat dilakukan konsumen gagal bayar akibat pandemi COVID-19 atas penetapan wanprestasi pada perusahaan pembiayaanKata Kunci: Pandemi COVID-19; Force Majeure; Restrukturisasi Pembiayaan.
Restrukturisasi Kredit Kepemilikan Rumah Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 (Studi Kasus Pada Bank BTN)
Authors: Rahmania Yuniatri Fara
Published: June 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 pandemic has affected Indonesia’s economic situation. One of the examples of how COVID-19 affects Indonesia’s economy is the decreasing of debtor capability to finish their obligation in paying credits. Almost all kinds of credits are affected, not to mention the House Ownership Credit. Responding to the situation, Financial Services Authority (FSA) issues a regulation related to the regulation of national economic stimuli during the COVID-19 pandemic and continued by the existence of internal regulation on each bank, as done by Bank Tabungan Negara (Bank BTN) as one of the bank in Indonesia who supports House Ownership Credit movement for Indonesian people.Keywords: Credit; Credit Restructuritation; House Ownership Credit; COVID-19 Pandemic.AbstrakPandemi COVID-19 berimbas pada keadaan perekonomian di Indonesia. Salah satu Contoh imbas COVID-19 pada perekonomian Indonesia yaitu menurunnya kemampuan debitur dalam menyelesaikan kewajibannya dalam melakukan pembayaran Kredit. Hampir seluruh jenis kredit terimbas keadaan tersebut tidak terkecuali Kredit Pemilikan Rumah (KPR). Menanggapi keadaan tersebut, Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) mengeluarkan peraturan terkait peraturan mengenai stimulus perekonomian nasional pada masa Pandemi COVID-19 dan ditindak lanjuti dengan adanya peraturan Internal pada masing-masing Bank, seperti yang dilakukan oleh Bank Bank Tabungan Negara (Bank BTN) sebagai salah satu bank yang ada di Indonesia yang mendukung pergerakan KPR bagi masyarakat Indonesia.Kata Kunci: Kredit; Restrukturisasi kredit ; Kredit Pemilikan Rumah; Pandemi COVID-19.
Machine Learning Methods for Classification Multiple Sclerosis with different stages
Authors: Barzegar Atrin , Barzegar Yas
Published: June 2021

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating disease of the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system). In MS, the immune system attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that covers the nerve fibers, causing communication problems between the brain and the rest of the body. Eventually the disease can cause permanent damage or nerve damage. The signs and symptoms of MS are very different and depend on the extent of the nerve damage and which nerves are affected. Some people with severe MS may lose the ability to walk independently or completely, while others may experience a long recovery period without any new symptoms. Most people with MS have a relapsing-remitting illness. They experience periods of new symptoms or recurrences that occur over days or weeks and usually improve somewhat or completely. Following these recurrences, there are periods of recovery that can last for months or even years. In this Project, we used some methods of machine learning in order to evaluate the precision and accuracy of Methods to Predict and classification of Multiple Sclerosis with different stages. In order to calculate accuracy, precision, recall Fscore we used some different method such as Art Fuzzy, SVM, Decision tree to compare the classes two by two. To improve the results we used the method of Adaptive fuzzy optimization. we used two options Genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization.
Assimilating X- and S-band Radar Data for a Heavy Precipitation Event in Italy
Authors: Capecchi Valerio , Antonini Andrea , Benedetti Riccardo , Fibbi Luca , Melani Samantha , Rovai Luca , Ricchi Antonio , Cerrai Diego
Published: June 2021

During the night between 9 and 10 September 2017, multiple flash floods associated to a heavy-precipitation event affected the town of Livorno, located in Tuscany, Italy. Accumulated precipitation exceeding 200 mm in two hours, associated with a return period higher than 200 years, caused all the largest streams of the Livorno municipality to flood several areas of the town. We used the limited-area Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, in a convection-permitting setup, to reconstruct the extreme event leading to the flash floods. We evaluated possible forecasting improvements emerging from the assimilation of local ground stations and X- and S-band radar data into the WRF, using the configuration operational at the meteorological center of Tuscany region (LaMMA) at the time of the event. Simulations were verified against weather station observations, through an innovative method aimed at disentangling the positioning and intensity errors of precipitation forecasts. By providing more accurate descriptions of the low-level flow and a better assessment of the atmospheric water vapour, the results demonstrate that assimilating radar data improved the quantitative precipitation forecasts.
Matroid And Its Outlines
Authors: Garrett Henry
Published: June 2021

In this article, there's an effort to make sense about the new versions of matroid. I believe that there's new idea on the background of. matroid. Two styles of matroid is defined in the background of fixed graphs and after that the attributes of these new notion on the graph and its parameters have been studied. The focus of this article is on the version of matroid which has the basis on the cycles as if there's gentle discussion on the results which are based on the set of independent vertices as matroid-x. The relation amid fundamental parameters and specific set like independent set and minimal set in the terminology of graph theory have been considered. Matroid is the word to use in the study on the parameters of graph theory as if set theory and its terminology are also recorded. The terms of word in various terminology have been relatively used. There are open ways to use hypergraphs or some serious relations amid these two types.
Radical Reduction of Aircraft Fuel Consumption by Optimizing Aerofoil by New Evolutionary Algorithms
Authors: Müller Jan
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis work deals with aerofoil aerodynamic features optimization, not only to improve flight features, but also to improve economy, ecology and safety of parameters of flight technique.In cruise mission, occupying the most flight time, the most important parameter is aerodynamic drag, which directly influences the aeroplane operational economy of transportation. Drag reduction is adequately reflected in the fuel consumption reduction. Consumption reduction is also adequately reflected in the flight ecology. In take-off and landing mission, the safety is priority and directly influences the aerofoil geometry.For cruise mission the new modified evolutionary algorithms (EA) are used to parameters incoming to Bezier-PARSEC 3434 parametrization. Such aerofoil is processed and evaluated by the Xfoil program. The change of model parameters results to optimal aerofoil shape.The DCAG (Direct Control Aerofoil Geometry) is unique developed mechanical device, makes possible the change of curvature of aerofoil, and also aerofoil geometry. DCAG is based on the rotary principle, which makes it possible to define the curvature of aerofoil for every roll as well as defining the geometry in the variable parts of aerofoil.For take-off and landing mission the best combination of slots and flaps is choosed. To improve of laminarity and reduce turbulent flow the DCAG is used.The work results to optimization, which is 50 times faster in comparison to ordinary optimization, with minimum of input parameters (flight speed, chord length, range of angles of attack and fitness function).The optimized aerofoil can achieve savings in fuel consumption up to 44% in comparison with unoptimized aerofoil, the aerodynamic drag reduction up to 44%.The output was checked by ANSYS Fluent simulation.
Object-Based Land Use and Land Cover Change Detection in Multi Temporal Remote-Sensing Images
Authors: Li Dan , Jin Runjie , Gu Jiali , Huang Runqiu , Wu Jiaping
Published: June 2021

The changing of land use and land cover (LULC) are both affected by climate and human activity and affect climate, biological diversity, and human well-being. Accurate and timely information about the LULC pattern and change is crucial for land management decision-making, ecosystem monitoring, and urban planning, especially in developing economies undergoing industrialization, urbanization, and globalization. Biodiversity degradation and urban expansion in eastern China are research hot-spots. However, the influence of LULC changes on the region remains largely unexplored. Here, an object-based and multi-temporal image analysis approach was developed to detect how LULC changes during 1985-2015 in the Tiaoxi watershed (Zhejiang province, eastern China) using Landsat TM and OLI data. The main objective of this study is to improve the accuracy of unsupervised change detection from object-based and multi-temporal images. To this end, a total of seven LULC maps are generated with multi-temporal images. A random stratified sample design was used for assessing change detection accuracy. The proposed method achieved an overall accuracy of 91.86%, 92.14%, 92.00%, and 93.86% for 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015, respectively. Nevertheless, the proposed method, in conjunction with object-oriented and multi-temporal satellite images, offers a robust and flexible approach to LULC changes mapping that helps with emergency response and government management. Urbanization and agriculture efficiency are the main reasons for LULC changes in the region. We anticipate that this freely available data will improve the modeling for surface forcing, provide evidence of changes in LULC, and inform water-management decision-making.
THE EFFECT OF CONCENTRATED OWNERSHIP ON BANK PROFITABILITY IN INDONESIA
Authors:   Prasetiya Mulya University, Amanda Michelle , Lam Serafina ,   Prasetiya Mulya University,   Prasetiya Mulya University, . Rinaningsih ,   Prasetiya Mulya University, Adelina Yang ,   Prasetiya Mulya University
Published: June 2021

This paper examines the association between concentrated ownership and the profitability of banks in Indonesia during the period from 2012 to 2018 with a total sample of 93 banks or 651 observations. This study applies the Random Effect regression method, and reveals a non-significant association between concentrated ownership and bank profitability as measured by ROA and ROE. It indicates that a majority of shareholders tend to use their power to exploit minority shareholders, which can also strengthen the monitoring effect. However, the regression also indicates that there is a significant non-linear relationship between concentrated ownership and profitability when measured by ROE. There is a mixed-effect between concentrated ownership and profitability in the case of Indonesian banks. Moreover, a regression is also utilized with dummy variables of concentrated ownership (FIN and IND) to assess the difference between non-financial institution ownership and financial institution ownership. The results show no significant difference in cases. This can be caused by institutional ownership (financial institutions), which only acts as a short-term trader that emphasizes short-term profits. Therefore, its existence as a shareholder is not any different to the presence of non-financial institution ownership. The findings of this study show that the application of POJK No. 56/POJK.03/2016 regarding Share Ownership of Commercial Banks which regulates the maximum limit of concentrated ownership in banks may not work effectively in strengthening bank performance.
INTERNAL CONTROL PRACTICES OF MOSQUES IN JAVA, INDONESIA
Authors:   International Islamic University Malaysia, Islamiyah Nining , Siraj Siti ,   International Islamic University Malaysia, Osman Ahmad ,   International Islamic University Malaysia
Published: June 2021

Internal controls are necessary tools to help organisations attain organisational goals. Lack of these controls could lead to fraudulent activities, which hamper the achievement of organisational goals. Thus, this study aims to investigate the internal control practices in the selected Indonesian mosques. Two mosques were chosen for the purpose of this study; Mosque A and Mosque B. The study employs Committee of Sponsoring Organization (COSO, 2013) framework of internal controls to frame the investigation of internal control practices in these two mosques. Data collection was undertaken through interviews and reviews of relevant documents. The findings reveal that the two selected mosques; Mosque A and B, have five mechanisms of internal control practices in place. These include control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring activities. This study concludes that internal control practices are a necessary process to support the accountability of the mosque. The results of this study could be used as potential reference for the improvement of internal control practices in the Indonesian mosques.
TAPHONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE PALEOENTOMOFAUNA ASSEMBLAGE FROM THE CENOZOIC OF THE FONSECA BASIN, SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL
Authors: BEZERRA FRANCISCO IRINEUDO , HERNÁNDEZ AGRESSOT ENZO VICTORINO , SOLÓRZANO-KRAEMER MÓNICA M. , FREIRE PAULO TARSO C. , PASCHOAL ALEXANDRE ROCHA , DA SILVA JOÃO HERMÍNIO , MENDES MÁRCIO
Published: June 2021

The Fonseca Formation (Eocene–Oligocene boundary, Minas Gerais, Brazil) is well known for its paleoflora, especially of flowering plants. The richness of this insect-bearing fossil locality is significantly less well understood, but we can shed light on the insect paleocommunity. One hundred and eight fossil insect specimens were examined and separated into four grades based on their preservational quality. We conducted analyses of taphonomic features, including body orientation, size, articulation, and chemical composition. Our results reveal differences in the body articulation of the insects. The fully articulated specimens apparently did not experience extensive flotation time at the water-air interface, whereas for partially articulated and disarticulated specimens the opposite is true. These taphonomic features would be acquired during the biostratinomy stage, and not early diagenesis. We also employed high resolution techniques (SEM-EDS and Raman spectroscopy) to understand their fossilization potential. Our chemical data suggest that the Fonseca insects are preserved as organic remains in carbonaceous compressions. Thus, chitin biomolecules most likely were transformed into more resistant biopolymers during diagenesis. This interpretation may also imply that the carbonaceous material originated from the insect itself. In this study, we document new discoveries and also provide future prospects for study of the Fonseca Formation.
Methodology for Analyzing the Actual Technical Condition of Downhole Pumping Equipment
Authors: Ivashechkin V. V. , Krytskaya V. I. , Anufriev V. N. , Avrutin O. A.
Published: June 2021

The reducing in the pressure characteristic of the submersible pump during operation occurs as a result of the combined action of a number of reasons. Pumping equipment wears out due to waterjet destruction of flow channels. The characteristics of submersible pumps are captured at the factory on special stands. At large group groundwater intakes, wells are equipped with an automated control system that allows testing the pump at the workplace and promptly making a decision on its replacement if the pressure characteristic is unacceptably reduced. The actual pressure characteristic of the pump H н = f (Q) can be plotted directly in the well with a sufficient degree of accuracy. To determine the degree of wear of the pump, its pressure characteristics are compared before installation and at the time of taking readings. The article describes a well strapping scheme for measuring the specific flow rate and pressure characteristics of a submersible pump. The purpose of the study is to derive a dependency for constructing the flow-pressure characteristics of a submersible pump at its workplace and to develop a method for accounting for its wear during operation, which allows predicting a decrease in well productivity over time. An expression is proposed to describe the characteristics of the pump at any time, calculated from its installation in the well. The analysis of the reducing in the pressure characteristics of pumps produced by various manufacturers in the wells of the existing water intake of underground water is presented. It is confirmed that the intensity of the pressure reduction depends on the duration of the pump operation in a given well, the material of the pump impellers and the sand content in the pumped water.
La distribución espacial de hogares perceptores de prestaciones económicas individualizadas: una comparación de casos
Authors: Gallego Valadés Alfonso , Ródenas Rigla Francisco , Garcés Ferrer Jorge
Published: June 2021

El análisis de las desigualdades socioespaciales ha constituido una línea de investigación destacada en el ámbito de las ciencias sociales. No obstante, la cuestión de la desigual proyección territorial de las políticas sociales en el interior de las ciudades ha recibido una menor atención académica. En este artículo se analizan, desde una perspectiva comparada, los patrones de distribución espacial de los hogares perceptores de Prestaciones Económicas Individualizadas (PEI) en dos municipios de la Comunidad Valenciana (España): Bétera y Torrent. Para ello, se implementan distintas técnicas de análisis de puntos espaciales y de Análisis Exploratorio de Datos Espaciales (AEDE). Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que los hogares beneficiarios de PEI se concentran en mayor medida en las zonas urbanas más vulnerables. Los determinantes sociales y demográficos de estos patrones de distribución presentan ciertas diferencias entre municipios y podrían ejercer mayor influencia agregada en el municipio de mayor tamaño poblacional.
Effect of muscle energy technique Versus Motor control Exercise adjunct to conventional therapy on Pain, Range of motion and functional disability in patient with chronic neck pain
Authors: Jain Deepak , Patil Deepali , Phansopkar Pratik
Published: June 2021

Background: - Neck pain is defined as mechanical, neuropathic or secondary to any other disorder and it can be acute, 6 weeks; sub acute, 3 months; chronic, >3 months. types of potential causes for neck pain: medical effects, severe or non-threatening causes, usual and rare conditions, and genuine and invalid causes. Motor control was defined as motor relearning program with emphasis on coordination and holding capabilities of specific neck flexor, extensor, and shoulder girdle muscles. MET is a method of treatment that involves the voluntary contraction of a Patients muscle in a precisely controlled direction, against a counterforce provided by the therapist.Methodology: - In the study 50 chronic neck pain patients will be enrolled. And will be divided into 25 in each group. One group will receive Muscle Energy Technique and the other group will receive Motor Control Exercise as well as conventional therapy for 4 weeks. Pain, ROM and strength will be evaluated using the standard technique. Discussion: - The goal of this Interventional study is to examine the impact of MET versus MCE with conventional therapy on patients with chronic neck pain. This research will help in identifying rapid and long term effects of MET versus MCE with conventional therapy on patients with chronic neck pain. The clinical trial registry-India(CTRI) registration number for this trial is CTRI/2021/05/033497.
Efficacy of Percussive massage Versus Calf Stretching on Pain, Range of Motion, Muscle Strength and Functional Outcomes in Patients with Plantar Fasciitis – A Randomized Control Trial.
Authors: Lakhwani Madhu , Phansopkar Pratik
Published: June 2021

Background: In the outpatient setting, plantar fasciitis has been the most frequent cause of heel pain. A sharp insidious pain under the heel and along the medial border of the plantar fascia up to its insertion at the calcaneus are signs of plantar fasciitis. The most common cause of biomechanical changes in PF is calf muscle tightness. Percussive Therapy is a relatively new technique that uses a mechanical system, such as the Theragun, to provide percussive massage.(17) Therefore, this Research will explore the current literature regarding the effect of massage gun device on Pain, Range of Motion, Muscle Strength and Functional Outcomes in Patients with Plantar Fasciitis.Methodology:In the study, 48 patients diagnosed with Plantar fasciitis will be enrolled for a week. One group will receive conventional therapy and the other group will receive a percussive therapy treatment via Theragun for a week. Pain, flexibility, ROM and Muscle strength will be evaluated using to standard technique.Discussion:The goal of this Interventional study is to examine the impact of Percussive Massage Therapy in Patients with Plantar Fasciitis. The study findings would help prospective patients with Plantar Fasciitis, which may include a newly designed method of rehabilitation.The clinical trial registry-India(CTRI) registration number for this trial is CTRI/2021/05/033460.
Development and validation of patient-level prediction models for symptoms, hospitalization and treatment initiation amongst prostate cancer patients on watchful waiting
Authors: Remmers Sebastiaan , Hui Lana Lai Yin , Schimmelpfennig Carolin , Willemsen Peter-Paul , Kreuz Markus , Cornford Philip , Mottet Nicolas , Zounemat-Kermani Nazanin
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study is to develop and validate patient-level prediction models for patients on watchful waiting (WW) estimating the risk of developing symptomatic progression, hospitalization, ER visit, initiation of curative or palliative treatment, and survival. Estimation for all clinical models will be done based on 1) age and clinical measurements (e.g., PSA) 6 months before diagnosis, 2) age, clinical measurements 6 months before diagnosis, and clinical conditions one year before diagnosis. Finally, a clinically usable model will be developed based on expert clinical input. All prediction models will be implemented using Lasso logistic regression for the time at risk analyses.
Variation of Uncertainty of Drainage Density in Flood Hazard Mapping Assessment with Coupled 1D-2D Hydrodynamics Model
Authors: Yang Song-Yue , Chang Che-Hao , Hsu Chih-Tsung , Wu Shiang-Jen
Published: June 2021

Coupled 1D-2D hydrodynamic models are widely utilized in flood hazard mapping. Researchers have explored several uncertainties in flood hazard mapping, but have not addressed the uncertainty of drainage density. Drainage density is equal to total length of the drainage divided by the catchment area. The model sets denser the tributary drainages for higher drainage density values. This study uses a designed case and a real case, Yanshuixi Drainage in Tainan, Taiwan, to assess the uncertainty of drainage density in flood hazard mapping. Analytical results indicate that under the same return period rainfall, reduction in tributary drainages in a model (indicating a lower drainage density) results in an underestimate of the flooded area in tributary drainages. This underestimate causes higher peak discharges and total volume of discharges in the drainages, leading to flooding in certain downstream reaches, thereby overestimating the flooded area. The uncertainty of drainage density decreases with increased rainfall. We suggest that modeling flood hazard mapping with low return period rainfalls requires tributary drainages. For extreme rainfall events, a lower drainage density could be selected, but the drainage density of local key areas should be raised.
Gonotyping of non-polio enteroviruses associated with acute flaccid paralysis in Thailand in 2013 and 2014
Authors: Onvimala Napa , Kosoltanapiwat Nathamon , Pumirat Pornpan , Vanaporn Muthita , Nimmanitya Suchitra , Tacharoenmuang Ratana , Guntapong Ratigorn , Leaungwutiwong Pornsawan
Published: June 2021

Background Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance was conducted as part of the World Health Organization’s strategy for completely eradicating poliomyelitis and leaving non-polio enteroviruses NPEVs as one of the main potential causes of AFP. We aimed to detect NPEV in association with AFP.Methods We used 459 isolates reported to be Negative Polio and some NPEVs by the World Health Organization Polio Regional Reference Laboratory (Thailand), which had been obtained during polio surveillance programmes conducted in Thailand in 2013–2014. Of 459 isolates, 35 belonged to the genus Enterovirus by RT-PCR and genotyping by DNA sequencing.Results This study found 17 NPEV genotypes, with 3, 13 and 1 belonging to enterovirus (EV) species A (EV-A), EV-B, and EV-C, respectively. The EV-A types identified included coxsackievirus A2 (CA2), CA4, and EV71, typically associated with hand, foot and mouth diseases. EV-B is the most prevalent cause of AFP in Thailand, while CA21 was the only type of EV-C detected. The EV-B species (13/35; 76.5%) constituted the largest proportion of isolates, followed by EV-A (3/35; 17.6%) and EV-C (1/35; 5.9%). For the EV-B species, Echovirus (E) 30 and CVB were the most frequent isolates. E30, CVB, E14, and E6 were considered endemic strains.Conclusion NPEVs, e.g. CA4, are reported for the first time in Thailand. Despite some limitations to this study, this is the first report on the circulation patterns of NPEVs associated with AFP in Thailand. AFP surveillance has unearthed many unknown NPEVs and, the cases of death due to AFP occur annually. Therefore, it is important to study NPEVs in the wake of the eradication of poliovirus in the context of the continued incidence of paralysis.
Construction of Structural Geological Model using Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Xavier Bruna Catarino , Egydio-Silva Marcos , Sadowski Robert , Silva Bruno , Takara Victor
Published: June 2021

To optimize the prediction of structural geological conditions in the underground as of data collected at the surface, due to the usual great uncertainties involved, we discuss new perspectives for the construction of structural geological models, bearing in mind the common doubts involved and their implications in the safety of infrastructure works, mining, etc. This paper presents a statistical simulation applied to structural geological measures (dip-dip direction) obtained from schists during the design and construction of civil works through a correlation between surface data with different depth levels. Angular structural geological measures of joints and foliations converted in direction cosines were subjected to the PERMANOVA test to verify the amplitude of differences at different depth levels. The asymptotic results allowed to determine regions of confidence built around centroids through statistical simulation, allowable consistency was considered in regions where the differences in the simulated values were small enough from a practical point of view, taking into account that the difference between joint structures and foliation structures is smaller in the former. The foliation is a characteristic structure of rock deformation just like the joints.
The combinatorial analysis of n-gram dictionaries, coverage and information entropy based on the web corpus of English
Authors: Malashina Anastasia
Published: June 2021

We research n-gram dictionaries and estimate its coverage and entropy based on the web corpus of English. We consider a method for estimating the coverage of empirically generated dictionaries and an approach to address the disadvantage of low coverage. Based on the ideas of Kolmogorov’s combinatorial approach, we estimate the n-gram entropy of the English language and use mathematical extrapolation to approximate the marginal entropy. In addition, we approximate the number of all possible legal n-grams in the English language for large order of n-grams.
The People’s Trial: Supporting the Public’s Understanding of Randomised Trials.
Authors: Finucane Elaine , O’Brien Ann , Treweek Shaun , Newell John , Das Kishor , Chapman Sarah , Wicks Paul , Galvin Sandra , Healy Patricia , Biesty Linda , Gillies Katie , Noel-Storr Anna , Gardner Heidi , O’Reilly Mary Frances , Devane Declan
Published: June 2021

BackgroundRandomised trials are considered the gold standard in providing robust evidence on the effectiveness of interventions. However, there are relatively few initiatives to help increase public understanding of what randomised trials are and why they are important. This limits the overall acceptance of and public participation in clinical trials. The People’s Trial aims to help the public learn about randomised trials, to understand why they matter, and to be better equipped to think critically about health claims. MethodsUsing a reflexive approach, we describe the processes of development, conduct and dissemination of The People’s Trial. ResultsOver 3000 members of the public, from 72 countries, participated in The People’s Trial. Through a series of online surveys, the public chose the question The People’s Trial would try to answer and decided the components of the trial question. In December 2019, 991 participants were recruited to a trial to answer the question identified and prioritised by the public, i.e., ‘Does reading a book in bed make a difference to sleep in comparison to not reading a book in bed?’ We called this trial The Reading Trial.We report processes of The People’s Trial in seven phases, paralleling the steps of a randomised trial, i.e., question identification and prioritisation, recruitment, randomisation, trial conduct, data analysis, and sharing of findings. We describe the decisions we made, the processes we used, the challenges we encountered, and the lessons we learned. ConclusionThe People’s trial engaged members of the public successfully in the design, conduct, and dissemination of a randomised trial demonstrating the potential for such initiatives to help the public learn about randomised trials, to understand why they matter, and to be better equipped to think critically about health claims. Trial Registration The Reading Trial was registered 4th December 2019 on ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT04185818.
Stability Over Time Of High Incidence Bladder Cancer In An Industrialized Area In North-Eastern Spain. A Longitudinal Study In A Region Of 400,000 Inhabitants.
Authors: Caballero José María , Perez-Marquez Meritxell , Gili Jose M. , Pereira Juan Camilo , Gomáriz Alba , Castillo Carlos , Martin-Baranera Montserrat
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To study whether the incidence of bladder cancer in an industrialized area in ​​North-Eastern Spain remains as high as in the nineties.Methods: Patients diagnosed with histologically confirmed primary bladder cancer, during 2018-2019, in an area in North-Eastern Spain (430,883 inhabitants) were included. Crude incidence rates were estimated per 100,000 person-year based on the number of individuals getting their first diagnosis. Direct age-standardized incidence rates were calculated applying both the European and the World Standard Populations.Results: 295 patients were included (mean age 72.5±10.3 years; 89.8% men). The crude rate was 62.6 (95%CI:55.0-70.1) for men and 6.8 (95%CI:4.4-9.3) for women. The annual rate adjusted to the European Standard Population was 85.3 (95%CI:75.0-95.5) for men and 7.0 (95%CI:4.5-9.5) for women, and adjusted to the World Standard Population, 31.7 (95%CI:27.9-35.5) and 2.9 (95%CI:1.8-3.9) respectively. Conclusion: The incidence of bladder cancer in this area in ​​North-Eastern Spain is one of the highest in men and one of the lowest in women, both in Europe and Worldwide. The decrease in the industrial activity has not led to a decrease in bladder cancer incidence. The heterogeneity of bladder cancer registries in terms of definition and inclusion criteria makes it difficult to compare results.
Azithromycin Oral Suspension in Prevention and Management of Oral Mucositis in Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Parkhideh Sayeh , Zeraatkar Mohadeseh , Moradi Omid , Hajifathali Abbas , Mehdizadeh Mahshid , Ardakani Maria Tavakoli
Published: June 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Azithromycin suspension on oral mucositis in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)Methods and material: The study was designed as a single-blind randomized controlled trial in Taleghani medical center affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran. Patients undergoing HSCT were randomly assigned to intervention or control groups. Azithromycin suspension was administered twice daily for gargling for 30 seconds and swallow, on the first day of chemotherapy for patients in the intervention group. Graded Oral Mucositis (OM) occurrence based on National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI-CTC) scale (grade 0 to 5) considered as the main outcome and the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS:0-10) measured the severity of OM symptoms.Results: In a duration of fifteen months, 88 patients were randomly assigned and finally 70 patients were evaluable for study outcomes (randomized 1:1 to azithromycin versus no-azithromycin). The incidence and duration of the mucositis significantly improved in the intervention group compared to the control. Azithromycin use was consistent with a lower rate of dryness (P<0.001), dysphagia (P<0.001), and loss of sense of taste (P<0.001). Also, in the intervention group, lower intensity of pain due to mucositis (P=0.01) and lower duration of mucositis were observed (p=0.045). No significant adverse drug reaction was observed in patients receiving azithromycin. Conclusion: Based on the result from this study Azithromycin suspension is an effective option in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced OM. Further study is needed to assess the effect of azithromycin and comparison with other therapeutic options.
Decadal changes of wintertime poleward heat and moisture transport associated with the amplified Arctic warming
Authors: Sang Xiaozhuo , Yang Xiu-Qun , Tao Lingfeng , Fang Jiabei , Sun Xuguang
Published: June 2021

The Arctic warming, especially during winter, has been almost twice as large as the global average since the late 1990s, which is known as the Arctic amplification. Yet linkage between the amplified Arctic warming and the midlatitude change is still under debate. This study examines the decadal changes of wintertime poleward heat and moisture transports between two 18-yr epochs (1999–2016 and 1981–1998) with five atmospheric reanalyses. It is found that the wintertime Arctic warming induces an amplification of the high latitude stationary wave component of zonal wavenumber one but a weakening of the wavenumber two. These stationary wave changes enhance poleward heat and moisture transports, which are conducive to further Arctic warming and moistening, acting as a positive feedback onto the Arctic warming. Meanwhile, the Arctic warming reduces atmospheric baroclinicity and thus weakens synoptic eddy activities in the high latitudes. The decreased transient eddy activities reduce poleward heat and moisture transports, which decrease the Arctic temperature and moisture, acting as a negative feedback onto the Arctic warming. The total poleward heat transport contributes little to the Arctic warming, since the increased poleward heat transport by stationary waves is nearly canceled by the decreased transport by transient eddies. However, the total poleward moisture transport increases over most areas of the high latitudes that is dominated by the increased transport by stationary waves, which provides a significant net positive feedback onto the Arctic warming and moistening. Such a poleward moisture transport feedback may be particularly crucial to the amplified Arctic warming during winter when the ice-albedo feedback vanishes.
Occurrence and distribution of ochratoxin A-producing fungi during post-harvest process of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors: Champion-Martínez Elena Isabel , González-Ríos Oscar , Noël Durand , Meile Jean-Christophe , Fernández Francisco José , Alter Pascaline , Montet Didier , Suarez-Quiroz Mirna Leonor
Published: June 2021

The occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) and OTA-producing fungi in cocoa beans has been previously reported to be linked to harvest and post-harvest treatment conditions. The aim of this study was to identify OTA-producing fungi during harvest, fermentation, drying and storage of cocoa beans from two farms located in the most important cocoa-producing region in Mexico, and their relationship with OTA levels of contamination. A high contamination of ochratoxigenic fungi was observed in drying (78.4 % ± 13.6) and storage (70.3 % ± 3.2) steps of cocoa samples from farm A. In farm B, the wash step of cocoa beans after fermentation reduced pulp residues and consequently the OTA-producing fungi infection during drying (12.7 % ± 5.8) and storage (37 % ± 10.4) steps were diminished. The main OTA-producing strain isolated from Malt Extract Agar (MEA) growth medium was Aspergillus carbonarius (14307.5 µg/kg). The presence of ochratoxigenic species was correlated to high levels of OTA measured in cocoa beans during storage in both farm A and B (304.6 ± 15.3 and 11.3 ± 0.5 µg/kg, respectively), and in fresh cocoa beans from farm B (22.2 ± 3.5 µg/kg). This study reports for the first time OTA content and ochratoxigenic species during cocoa process in Mexico. This allowed the identification and evaluation of the sanitary risks linked to Mexican cocoa production.
Intelligent Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis System using Cloud Centric Optimal Feature Subset Selection with Novel Data Classification Model
Authors: Arulanthu Pramila , Perumal Eswaran
Published: June 2021

Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing offers diverse applications in the medicinal sector by the integration of sensing and therapeutic gadgets. Medical expenses are rising gradually and different new diseases also exist globally, it becomes essential to transform the healthcare facilities from a hospital to patient-centric platform. For providing effective remote healthcare services to patients, this paper introduces an optimal IoT and cloud based decision support system for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) diagnosis. The proposed method makes use of simulated annealing (SA) based feature selection (FS) with Root Mean Square Propagation (RMSProp) Optimizer based Logistic Regression (LR) model called SA-RMSPO-LR to classify the existence of CKD from medical data. The proposed model involves a set of four subprocesses, which include data collection, preprocessing, FS, and classification. The inclusion of SA for FS helps to improvise the classifier results of the SA-RMSPO-LR model. The effectiveness of the SA-RMSPO-LR model has been validated using a benchmark CKD dataset. The experimental results indicated that the proposed SA-RMSPO-LR model leads to effective CKD classification with the maximum sensitivity of 98.41%, specificity of 97.99%, accuracy of 98.25%, F-score of 98.60% and kappa value of 96.26%. The experimental outcome indicates that the proposed SA-RMSPO-LR model has the capability to detect and classify CKD over the compared methods proficiently.
Detection Prediction and Mapping of Chromium through QGIS and Adsorption of Hexavalent Chromium by Modified Bio-Adsorbents: Kinetic and Adsorption study
Authors: Tripathi Shivam Mani , Chaurasia ShriRam , Sharma Pramod Kumar
Published: June 2021

Toxicity due to the presence of heavy metals in ground and surface water due to the release of effluents from industries holds the potency to cause temporary or permanent damage to the living organisms in the near vicinity of these industries. This paper aims to assess the vulnerability of groundwater resources owing to its contamination in Banthar Industrial Area. Using DRASTIC model in combination with Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS), a groundwater vulnerability map was developed, which indicated that the dispersal of Chromium was in the range of 300–1000 µg/l. In order to study the impact of Chromium dispersion, the authors proposed a batch adsorption testing of the Hexavalent Chromium (Cr (VI)) using different bio-adsorbent materials, keeping a pH range of 3–9 and the contact time between 0–80 minutes. Adsorption isotherms and Kinetic studies were also considered. All adsorbents followed the Langmuir isotherm (R2 > 0.986), whereas Temkin isotherm stated the affinity of the adsorbents for the Cr (VI). The reactions between Chromium and the bio-adsorbents were found to follow pseudo-second order kinetics, which indicated that the reactions were exothermic. The results proposed that a modification in the bio-adsorbents caused an enhancement in the percent adsorption of Cr (VI) in comparison to the natural available bio-adsorbents.
Online Supervised Versus Workplace Corrective Exercises for Upper Crossed Syndrome: A Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tajani Zohreh Yaghoubi , Gheitasi Mehdi , Bayattork Mohammad , Andersen Lars Louis
Published: June 2021

Background and ObjectiveMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) including upper crossed syndrome (UCS) are considered as the leading cause of work-related issues worldwide among office workers. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the effect of workplace-based versus online-supervised home-based corrective exercises among office workers with UCS. Methods and DesignTo this end, 45 subjects within the age range of 30-45 years are randomly assigned to three groups in the present parallel-group, randomized control trial using a pretest-posttest design. These groups include the subjects who receive online-supervised exercise and work-place supervised exercise containing three sessions of intervention for eight weeks and the control group receives no intervention while performing routine activities. The primary outcome variables are neck-shoulder pain and sick-leave due to pain, followed by alignment, workability, and the surface electromyography of upper, middle, and lower trapezius (UT, MT, and LT), sternocleidomastoid (SCM), and serratus anterior (SA) as the secondary variables.DiscussionThe present study seeks to assess the effect of work-place versus online-supervised corrective exercise interventions among 45 office workers suffering from UCS. It is expected to improve and reduce the related symptoms including postural malalignment and imbalance muscles after eight weeks of corrective exercises. If effective, the findings may lead to adherence and work performance among the office workers, and individuals subjected to UCS can use the benefits of an online-supervised intervention. In addition, the findings may be useful in different work-places as the evidence for employers to benefit from the reduction in the related costs and side effects of work-related neck-shoulder disorders including work disability, productivity loss, time expense, social insurance, work absenteeism, and treatment costs. Finally, clinicians and corrective exercise therapists can consider it as a clinical based-evidence intervention for their further actions. Trial registrationIRCT No. IRCT20200729048249N1 dated 2020.10.05 approved by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (https://en.irct.ir/user/trial/49992/view).
Impact of an Allied Health Prehabilitation Service for Haematologic Patients Receiving High Dose Chemotherapy in A Large Cancer Centre
Authors: Crowe Jessica , Francis Jill , Edbrooke Lara , Loeliger Jenelle , Joyce Trish , Prickett Christina , Martin Alicia , Khot Amit , Denehy Linda , Care The Centre for Prehabilitation and Peri-operative
Published: June 2021

Purpose
To evaluate the impact of routine multidisciplinary allied health prehabilitation care in haematologic cancer patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplant (AuSCT).
Methods
In a tertiary cancer centre, 12-months of prospectively collected data was retrospectively analysed. Patients were referred to the service for individualised exercise prescription, nutrition intervention and, if indicated through screening, psychological intervention. Impact and operational success were investigated based on the RE-AIM framework: patient uptake of the service and sample representativeness (Reach); Effectiveness in terms of changes in outcomes from initial to pre-transplant assessment; Adoption of the service by key stakeholders; fidelity of the prescribed exercise program (Implementation); and the extent to which the service had become part of routine standard care (Maintenance).
Results
183 patients were referred to the AuSCT service, of whom 133 (73%) were referred into the prehabilitation service, 128 (96%) were eligible and 116 (91%) participated. Significant improvements were demonstrated between initial and pre-transplant assessments particularly six-minute walk distance (n = 45); mean difference (95% CI) 39.9m (18.8 to 61.0, p = < 0.005). Missing data were an issue for assessment of effectiveness. Fidelity of exercise prescription was moderate with 72% of eligible patients receiving the intended aerobic and resistance exercise interventions.
Conclusion
The prehabilitation service was well adopted by clinicians. Clinically relevant improvements in outcomes were demonstrated. Recommendations, including development of well-integrated discipline-specific assessment intervention and measurement protocols, are highlighted to improve the service. Prehabilitation should be routinely considered to support the care of patients undergoing AuSCT.