bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The roles of supply chain integration, eco-design and digital transformation in improving sustainable construction performance
Authors: Le Phuoc Luong , Nguyen Mai Quynh , Pham Hai Thanh
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Enhancing sustainable construction supply chain performance is crucial and can be achieved through supply chain integration, eco-design and digital transformation. This study aims to evaluate the impacts of supply chain integration, eco-design and digital transformation on the performance of construction supply chains.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses the PLS-SEM model to analyze the data collected by survey. Experts’ evaluation also validated the results of the structural model.

Findings

Sustainable supply chain performance in construction projects is significantly impacted by supply chain integration, eco-design and digital transformation. The results also suggest that supply chain integration and eco-design can be enhanced by focusing on digital transformation.

Research limitations/implications

Construction managers can enhance the performance of sustainable construction supply chains. This study contributes to the understanding of sustainable supply chain management in the construction sector, which is consistent with dynamic capacities theory.

Originality/value

Current research has not examined the roles of supply chain integration, eco-design and digital transformation in enhancing sustainable supply chain performance in the construction industry. These roles have been superficially considered in prior studies.
Data envelopment analysis for performance measurement in the construction field: a systematic review
Authors: Hu Xiancun
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This paper systematically presents a critical review of data envelopment analysis (DEA) for performance measurement in the construction field.

Design/methodology/approach

The review approach consists of a systematic literature search, validation analysis and content analysis. The paper systematically reviews previous papers according to the year of publication, journal, authors, region, research keywords, performance measurement indicators and methodology framework.

Findings

A total of 192 journal papers from the first year of publication to 2022 are identified. DEA applications have increased over the years, particularly after 2020. All of the top five journals which published the most identified papers are Q1 journals. Around 74 primary indicators of performance measurement are recognised for the construction industry, company and project levels. A total of 21 top keywords are identified and then divided into five clusters using VOSviewer. DEA has been widely utilised to measure construction performance and benchmark technologies, particularly where sustainable development performance has become a popular topic recently.

Practical implications

How to effectively distinguish performance indicators, collect research data, build DEA models and deeply analyse DEA results are illustrated for future practitioners. The performance measurement and improvement cycle based on DEA is provided. Research directions and method recommendations are developed for future scholars using DEA.

Originality/value

This is the first comprehensive review that has initially presented various performance indicators and a methodology framework for developing DEA models to investigate performance measurement in the construction field. The methodology framework of DEA is developed, including data collection, model construction and further analysis of DEA results.
Twirl Store: pioneering sustainable textile practices by closing the loop
Authors: Mishra Oly
Published: October 2024

Learning outcomes

After completion of the case study, the students will be able to make strategic decisions for social entrepreneurship and carry out a sustainability and social impact analysis, assess the benefits of a circular economy-based retail model and investigate ways to preserve these benefits and recognize the ethical and sustainable issues facing the fast fashion sector and how social enterprises are addressing them.

Case overview/synopsis

The culture of fast fashion had proven to be dangerous for the environment as it had promoted a culture of consumerism and materialism. It had also increased the landfills in different countries. The need of the hour was to upcycle used and unwanted clothes into new innovative items. This idea had been practically implemented by Mrs Sujata Chatterjee of the Twirl Store, the protagonist of this case study. Chatterjee was a social entrepreneur who recognized the environmental and social problems caused by rapid fashion and abandoned apparel in landfills. She launched the Twirl Store, a social enterprise with the mission of advancing circular economy and sustainability practices in the textile sector. Rural women were economically and culturally empowered by the enterprise’s upcycling of used clothing using their abilities, and a sustainable source of income was created. Finding abandoned clothing, sorting and processing it effectively and locating clients who share her commitment to sustainability were difficult tasks for Chatterjee. Despite the difficulties, the Twirl Store served as an example of how circular economy concepts, cultural sustainability and women’s empowerment might be combined, highlighting the importance of social entrepreneurship in addressing global concerns and fostering positive social effects and economic impact.

Complexity academic level

This case study is applicable for undergraduate as well as post graduate students of management studies.

Supplementary materials

Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code

CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
The shift from performance measurement to performance management in local government: do performance measurement systems support the drivers of performance data use?
Authors: Rivenbark William C. , Vignieri Vincenzo
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The authors explore how performance measurement systems have evolved over the past 20-plus years to support the drivers of measurement system maturity, outcome measures and benchmarking, which contribute to performance data use in local government.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use a case study of three municipalities in the United States to determine how performance measurement systems have changed from their FY 1994–95 operating budgets to their FY 2021–22 operating budgets, focusing on the selected departments of fire services, solid waste and human resources. They also conducted interviews to explore organizational context.

Findings

The authors find mixed results regarding the ability of performance measurement systems to support the drivers of performance data use in local government. While the municipalities have made some progress in transitioning from output to outcome measures, they continue to rely upon ad hoc approaches regarding measurement system maturity and benchmarking.

Practical implications

The authors provide several recommendations based on their findings, including that the academic community has an opportunity to provide training to local officials to help them create more robust performance measurement systems.

Originality/value

The authors provide clear evidence that more research is needed on the drivers of measurement system maturity, outcome measures and benchmarking to better understand why some local governments embrace these drivers while others do not.
To be or not to be: self-compassion and academic buoyancy in university
Authors: Dang An H. , Middlemiss Wendy
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Academic buoyancy refers to a student’s adaptive response to overcome common academic-related stress and challenges. Guided by social cognitive theory, we investigated the relation between students' academic buoyancy and their endorsement of compassionate and uncompassionate self-responding.

Design/methodology/approach

Students from a Minority-serving, Hispanic-serving public university (N = 112) completed an online survey assessing academic buoyancy (Martin and Marsh, 2008) and self-compassion (Neff, 2003). We conducted a hierarchical regression analysis with uncompassionate and compassionate self-responding as predictors and academic buoyancy as the outcome.

Findings

Compassionate self-responding (i.e. self-kindness, common humanity and mindfulness) explained additional variance above and beyond what uncompassionate self-responding (i.e. self-judgment, isolation and overidentification) explained in the model. Uncompassionate self-responding components emerged as the strongest predictors of academic buoyancy.

Originality/value

Limited research exists regarding the relation between self-compassion and academic buoyancy, especially in the higher education setting. This research indicates that student compassionate self-responding is associated with students’ adaptive response to overcoming academic setbacks, stress and challenges. The findings of the current research could have meaningful implications for university officials’ efforts in helping students overcome academic-related setbacks and achieve academic success in higher education. University offices, programs and communities can focus on compassionate self-responding to support students in overcoming common school-related setbacks. Programs could be developed to move students away from uncompassionate self-responding as a means of promoting buoyancy.
“Give me some flexibility and I will perform better”: longitudinal lessons on the antecedents of job performance
Authors: Austen Agata , Piwowar-Sulej Katarzyna , Wąsowicz Jarosław Grzegorz
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the longitudinal relationships between the intensity of remote work (IRW) and job performance (JP) with the mediation effect of work–life balance (WLB) and moderation by work overload (WO).

Design/methodology/approach

A three-wave longitudinal survey, covering pre-pandemic period, the pandemic itself and the post-pandemic period, was conducted among 291 employees. The authors applied linear regression analysis with a moderated mediation effect and the cross-lagged structural equation model with longitudinal mediation using Mplus 8.

Findings

The results show that relationships between IRW and WLB and WLB and JP are negative in the short term; yet over time, employees are able to adapt and benefit from the flexibility offered by remote work (RW). WLB can contribute to better JP in the long run. Furthermore, WLB plays a moderating role in the long-term relationship between RW and JP. There is the second-stage negative moderation effect on this relationship by WO.

Practical implications

This study recommends a proactive approach toward flexible solutions for employees. It explains that the positive effects of IRW for WLB and JP appear in the longer perspective. Support from organizations to mitigate negative short-term effects is required. Organizations can leverage the mediating role of WLB between IRW and JP in the long term by providing resources and support to help employees achieve WLB in RW settings.

Originality/value

This study extends the research on the antecedents of JP of employees and enriches the extant literature that shows inconsistent findings in terms of the relationships among RW, WLB and JP. It also focuses on the rarely explored intensity of RW. It fills the gap in previous research using a longitudinal research approach. The longitudinal data provide unique and innovative insights into the antecedents of JP of employees and explain complex relationships between them in both the short and long term.
Interplay between sustainable development and socio-economic sanctuary from a developing economy’s voluntary social disclosure
Authors: Haladu Alhassan , Bin-Nashwan Saeed Awadh , Idris Lawan
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Social disclosure is a vital tool that can help organizations in developing economies, including Nigeria, measure and manage their social impacts and performances. This could help in achieving sustainable development goals and enhancing social and economic security. This paper aims to conceptualize the influence of social reporting and sustainable development on Nigeria’s socioeconomic security. It is vital for its recommendations to the government and stakeholders on the way forward on sustainable development and national security.

Design/methodology/approach

A dissection through content analyses using the frustration-aggression and social contract theories was made on the influence of voluntary social reporting and sustainable development on socioeconomic security in Nigeria. An examination and assessment of the implementation of social disclosure by organizations and its effectiveness in promoting sustainable development with insights into the challenges and opportunities in a developing economy like the Nigerian context was done.

Findings

The results showed an increasingly negative trend in social and economic circles brought about by business organizations’ nonmandatory disclosure of social and environmental information. Therefore, it is suggested that governments should have a strong will to implement mandatory reporting to avoid future political catastrophes.

Practical implications

Implications emerged from this study inform policymakers, businesses and other stakeholders on the ways to enhance mandatory social sustainability in Nigeria.

Originality/value

This report is unique in the sense that it considers the interplay between sustainable development and socioeconomic security moderated by voluntary social disclosure as a virgin area in studies that involve developing economies.
Kimberly Bryant’s Black Girls Code: closing the opportunity gap in technology for black women and girls
Authors: Kumar K.B.S. , Perepu Indu
Published: October 2024

Research methodology

This case study was developed using publicly available published sources like the company’s website, articles, blogs, videos, filings, etc. Multiple sources were used to put together the chronology, quotes and details. This case is not disguised. All the key figures in the case study are identified by their real names.

Case overview/synopsis

Black Girls Code (BGC) was founded by Kimberly Bryant (Bryant, she) as a nonprofit organization in 2011. BGC conducted workshops and programs to teach young girls of color technology, science, engineering and math and train them in Web design, developing apps and robotics. It aimed to address the lack of diversity in science and technology. The organization has received support from tech giants like Google, Facebook and IBM. In one decade, the organization trained more than 30,000 girls and aimed to teach one million girls by 2040.

In 2021, the BGC board ousted Bryant, citing allegations of workplace impropriety. She was put on paid administrative leave by the board. This ousting was done in the aftermath of complaints by several employees who raised concerns about Bryant’s conduct. The former and current employees said that high turnover in the organization was due to Bryant’s leadership, which was rooted in fear, and that she would publicly insult managers. The board formed a special committee to evaluate the concerns and sent Bryant on administrative leave.

Cristina Jones, who succeeded Bryant as CEO, brought about several changes in the organization and expanded the scope of science, technology, engineering and math to include arts. She expanded the courses to include design, gaming and others. She was looking forward to launching one million black girls in tech by 2040. But before she could go on, she needed to ensure that the ouster of the founder did not hinder the activities at BGC in any manner and also needed to address the concerns of employees, students and funders.

Complexity academic level

This case can be used to learn about nonprofits, the role of nonprofits in building an equitable society and nonprofit entrepreneurs. The objective is to understand how passionate entrepreneurs can create organizations that can make a high impact with limited resources but with ambition and vision for radical change.

This case also helps in learning the challenges encountered due to the rapid growth of startups and the role of the leader in handling such growth.

This case can be integrated into any of the existing courses or taken as a special case study to illustrate the gender and racial disparities that exist even in highly developed countries like the USA.
Production‐optimized fermentation of antifungal compounds by Bacillus velezensis LZN01 and transcriptome analysis
Authors: Hu Jiale , Wang Zhigang , Xu Weihui
Published: October 2024

Fusarium wilt is one of the major constraints on global watermelon production, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon) is the causative agent of Fusarium wilt in watermelon and results in severe yield and quality losses worldwide. The enhancement of antifungal activity from antagonistic bacteria against Fon is highly practical for managing Fusarium wilt in watermelon. The aim of this study was to maximize the antifungal activity of Bacillus velezensis LZN01 by optimizing fermentation conditions and analysing its regulatory mechanism via transcriptome sequencing. The culture and fermentation conditions for strain LZN01 were optimized by single‐factor and response surface experiments. The optimum culture conditions for this strain were as follows: the addition of D‐fructose at 35 g/L and NH4Cl at 5 g/L in LB medium, pH 7, and incubation at 30°C for 72 h. The fungal inhibition rate for strain LZN01 reached 71.1%. The improvement of inhibition rate for strain LZN01 in optimization fermentation was supported by transcriptomic analysis; a total of 491 genes were upregulated, while 736 genes were downregulated. Transcriptome analysis revealed that some differentially expressed genes involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism, oxidation–reduction, fatty acid and secondary metabolism; This optimization process could potentially lead to significant alterations in the production levels and types of antimicrobial compounds by the strain. Metabolomics and UPLC/Q‐Exactive Orbitrap MS analysis revealed that the production yields of antimicrobial compounds, such as surfactin, fengycin, shikimic acid, and myriocin, increased or were detected in the cell‐free supernatant (CFS) after the fermentation optimization process. Our results indicate that fermentation optimization enhances the antifungal activity of the LZN01 strain by influencing the expression of genes responsible for the synthesis of antimicrobial compounds.
S3 guideline: Diagnosis and treatment of epidermal necrolysis (Stevens‐Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis) – Part 2: Supportive therapy of EN in the acute and post‐acute stages
Authors: Paulmann Maren , Heuer Ruben , Annecke Thorsten , Behr Björn , Boch Katharina , Boos Anja M. , Brockow Knut , French Lars E. , Gille Jochen , Gundlach Verena , Hartmann Bernd , Höger Peter , Hofmann Silke C. , Klein Tobias , Lehnhardt Marcus , Liß Yvonne , Maier Philip , Mandel Philipp , Marathovouniotis Nicos , Marlok Finnja , Mittelviefhaus Hans , Pleyer Uwe , Pradeau Marie , Rall Katharina , Rieg Siegbert , Rittner Heike , Sander Frank , Schnitzler Stefan , Schut Christina , Stolle Annette , Vorobyev Artem , Wedi Bettina , Weiss Johannes , Zepp Maximilian , Ziemer Mirjana , Mockenhaupt Maja , Nast Alexander
Published: October 2024

Stevens‐Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) are rare, predominantly drug‐induced, acute life‐threatening diseases of skin and mucosae. SJS and TEN are nowadays considered as variants of one disease entity with varying degrees of severity called epidermal necrolysis (EN). EN is associated with high morbidity and mortality and constitutes a major disease burden for affected patients. The guideline “Diagnosis and treatment of epidermal necrolysis (Stevens‐Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis)” was developed under systematic consideration of existing scientific literature and in a formal consensus process according to regulations issued by the Association of Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF) to establish an evidence‐based framework to support clinical decision‐making. The interdisciplinary guideline commission consisted of representatives from various specialist societies and of patient representatives. The guideline is aimed at specialists in the fields of dermatology, ophthalmology, plastic surgery, intensive care, and pediatrics in hospitals and offices, as well as other medical specialties involved in the diagnosis and treatment of EN. The guideline is also aimed at patients, their relatives, insurance funds, and policymakers. The second part is concerned with the topics of supportive therapy in the acute phase of EN and outpatient follow‐up treatment.
Stress Distribution in Proclined Anterior Teeth of Pediatric Patients With and Without Mouthguard Use: A 3D Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Bhadule Shivani Nagnath , Kalaskar Ritesh R. , Doiphode Avani
Published: October 2024

Background

Traumatic dental injuries related to sports are a significant concern, as they can have severe physical and psychological impacts on children. Using mouthguards is essential, particularly in sports like skating, where high‐impact forces are common.

Aim

The study aimed to evaluate how stress is distributed on the teeth and surrounding bone in children with proclined anterior teeth when a force of 614.12 N was applied to two different regions of the jaws. The evaluation was conducted using finite element analysis (FEA), both with and without the use of a mouthguard.

Methods and Methodology

A 3‐dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) model was constructed using a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan of a 12‐year‐old male patient. An average standardized force of 614.12 N was calculated, based on the average weight of children aged 11 to 13 years and the average speed of 13.4 m/s with which the children skate. The force was applied in two different directions and areas of the jaws: a lateral blow, perpendicular to the crown and root with the maxillary and mandibular teeth in occlusion (between the first molar and second premolar), and a blow obliquely at the pogonion point on the chin. Static simulations were then performed for four realistic scenarios—two with mouthguards and two without mouthguards.

Result

The Von Mises stresses were evaluated under all conditions. When the applied force was directed laterally, the stress values observed were 126.76 MPa with a mouthguard and 140 MPa without a mouthguard. When the force was applied to the chin region, the stress values were 37.997 MPa with a mouthguard and 40.67 MPa without a mouthguard.

Conclusion

The use of a mouthguard in children is beneficial for protecting teeth and surrounding structures, especially in cases of proclined anterior teeth, as it helps dampen the generated stresses.
Evaluation of validity and reliability of AI Chatbots as public sources of information on dental trauma
Authors: Johnson Ashish J. , Singh Tarun Kumar , Gupta Aakash , Sankar Hariram , Gill Ikroop , Shalini Madhav , Mohan Neeraj
Published: October 2024

Aim

This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of AI chatbots, including Bing, ChatGPT 3.5, Google Gemini, and Claude AI, in addressing frequently asked questions (FAQs) related to dental trauma.

Methodology

A set of 30 FAQs was initially formulated by collecting responses from four AI chatbots. A panel comprising expert endodontists and maxillofacial surgeons then refined these to a final selection of 20 questions. Each question was entered into each chatbot three times, generating a total of 240 responses. These responses were evaluated using the Global Quality Score (GQS) on a 5‐point Likert scale (5: strongly agree; 4: agree; 3: neutral; 2: disagree; 1: strongly disagree). Any disagreements in scoring were resolved through evidence‐based discussions. The validity of the responses was determined by categorizing them as valid or invalid based on two thresholds: a low threshold (scores of ≥ 4 for all three responses) and a high threshold (scores of 5 for all three responses). A chi‐squared test was used to compare the validity of the responses between the chatbots. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to assess the reliability by evaluating the consistency of repeated responses from each chatbot.

Conclusion

The results indicate that the Claude AI chatbot demonstrated superior validity and reliability compared to ChatGPT and Google Gemini, whereas Bing was found to be less reliable. These findings underscore the need for authorities to establish strict guidelines to ensure the accuracy of medical information provided by AI chatbots.
Colostrum conductivity, pH and Brix index as predictors of passive immunity transfer in foals
Authors: Magalhaes Humberto Borges , Canisso Igor Frederico
Published: October 2024

Background

Foal immunity relies heavily on the absorption of colostrum immunoglobulins; thus, colostrum evaluation is used to predict the transfer of passive immunity (TPI), and its conductivity is associated with TPI in cattle. Leading up to and at parturition, a reduction in colostrum pH and conductivity is thought to be necessary for TPI; however, this remains to be determined.

Objectives

To assess conductivity, pH, and Brix refractometer index of colostrum to predict the TPI in foals.

Study Design

Field study.

Methods

The colostrum of 241 mares was assessed for conductivity, pH, and Brix index using handheld devices immediately after parturition. Twenty‐hour postpartum foals had complete blood cell count and plasma IgG concentrations assessed. Foals were split in complete versus incomplete TPI (i.e., IgG ≥8 g/L vs. <8 g/L). Mare (breed, duration of pregnancy, parity, and age), foal (sex), and colostrum (conductivity, pH, and Brix index) data were computed to assess factors affecting TPI. Multivariate regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed for analysis.

Results

Complete TPI was achieved in 89.4% of foals. The ROC TPI values were conductivity ≤5 mS/cm (AUC = 0.68), Brix ≥23.4% (AUC = 0.70), and pH ≤6.4 units (AUC = 0.73). The odds ratio for TPI in 24 h post‐partum was 6.1 (2.1–17.1, 95% CI) for conductivity, 3.2 (1.2–9.3, 95% CI) for pH, and 4.5 (1.5–12.7, 95% CI) for Brix index. Sensitivity and specificity of 93% (88–96 95% CI), 56% (44–7, 95% CI), 92% (87–96, 95% CI), 28% (14–47, 95% CI), 94% (88–97, 95% CI) and 18% (14–47, 95% CI) for conductivity, Brix and pH, respectively.

Main limitations

Low incidence of incomplete TPI.

Conclusions

Conductivity, pH and Brix are strong predictors of foals that succeed in the transfer of passive immunity; however, all three presented low to moderate specificity. The established cutoff values obtained herein can be used on‐field by other foaling programs. All three handheld devices used in the study are inexpensive and ready to use on‐farm.
Myrmecophily is not a risk factor for long‐term occupancy trends of central European Lycaenidae butterflies
Authors: Engelhardt Eva Katharina , Bowler Diana E. , Dolek Matthias , Opolka Melvin Kenneth , Hof Christian
Published: October 2024

As anthropogenic pressures continue to increase, generalist species tend to be more resilient than specialised species. Specialisation can take various forms, among else dependence on other species through biotic interactions. Some Lycaenid butterflies (gossamer‐winged butterflies: blues, coppers and hairstreaks; Lycaenidae Leach, 1815)) rely on host ants for larval care and survival (myrmecophily). This dependence may pose an additional threat.

To investigate whether myrmecophily is associated with the long‐term trends of Lycaenids, we compared 40‐year occupancy trends derived from occupancy‐detection models of ant‐independent, facultative and obligate myrmecophile Lycaenidae in a central European model region.

Contrary to our expectations, obligate myrmecophile butterflies did not show more declines compared to ant‐independent ones. Five out of seven obligate myrmecophile butterflies increased, while five out of eight ant‐independent Lycaenids decreased. Trends among facultative butterflies were highly ambiguous. The differences between the groups were not significant.

Although obligate myrmecophile butterflies are protected significantly more often under stricter rules, the degree of protection did not affect Lycaenid long‐term trends.

European obligate myrmecophile butterflies interact with several ant species within widespread genera (primarily Myrmica Latreille, 1804, also Formica Linnaeus, 1758 and Lasius Fabricius, 1804) potentially protecting the larvae against environmental impacts and thus mitigating the effects of changing conditions on the butterflies. Incomplete understanding of the varying degrees of ant affiliation hinders the identification of specific interactions that may require increased conservation efforts.

In our rapidly changing world, monitoring changes in the opportunities and strengths of species interactions is needed to prevent coupled species' extinctions and improve conservation outcomes.
THE DYNAMICS OF RESIDENTIAL SORTING AND HEALTH: IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Mathes Sophie M.
Published: October 2024

I estimate a dynamic location choice model using data on 3.7 million seniors from 2001 to 2013. Choices depend on preferences and beliefs regarding longevity and the future evolution of health and wealth in different locations. The model accommodates heterogeneous preferences. Willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) estimates for milder winters are relatively uniform and positive. WTP for cooler summers exhibits heterogeneity. Under a “business as usual” climate change counterfactual, 1.9% of individuals would change their location choices. Annual WTP to avoid the climate change counterfactual varies across locations and types from −$1,191 to $3,944 with an average of $1,855 (USD 2000).
Left bundle branch area pacing for atrioventricular block and mild to moderately reduced left ventricular systolic function
Authors: Kato Hiroyuki , Sato Toshiaki , Shimeno Kenji , Mito Shinji , Nishida Taku , Soejima Kyoko
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The clinical efficacy of left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) has not been fully elucidated in patients with atrioventricular block and mild to moderately reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). This study evaluated the impact of LBBAP on patients with an LVEF of ≤50% and dependent on ventricular pacing.

Methods and Results

Thirty‐seven patients with atrioventricular block underwent successful LBBAP. All patients had a reduced LVEF of 36%–50% and underwent pacemaker implantation. Ventricular pacing was performed using the LBBAP alone throughout the follow‐up period. Clinical outcomes, including death from any cause, fatal ventricular arrhythmias, hospitalization for heart failure, and echocardiographic improvements after 1 year, were assessed. Thirty‐three (89%) patients were free from the composite endpoint during a median follow‐up of 36 months, whereas four patients experienced noncardiovascular deaths or hospitalization for heart failure. No fatal ventricular arrhythmias occurred. LVEF was improved using LBBAP from 42.6 ± 4.7% to 52.1 ± 9.1% (p < .001). LVEF normalization (>50%) was achieved in 64.5% of patients, while in 11 patients LVEF remained stable demonstrating no deterioration (from 42.5 ± 4.7% to 42.4 ± 6.3%). Nonischemic cardiomyopathy (odds ratio, 21.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.96–236.45) and Pre‐existing bundle branch block (odds ratio, 11.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.11–125.75) were independent preoperative predictors of LVEF normalization using LBBAP.

Conclusion

LBBAP significantly improved cardiac systolic dysfunction without causing fatal ventricular arrhythmias. Moreover, LBBAP may provide a promising alternative to biventricular pacing in patients with atrioventricular block and a reduced LVEF of 36%–50%.
Endocardial ablation of ganglionated plexus for the treatment of carotid sinus syndrome
Authors: Minguito‐Carazo Carlos , Martínez‐Alday Jesús Daniel , Seara Javier García , Martínez‐Sande José Luis , González‐Ferrero Teba , Shangutov Oleksandr , Elices‐Teja Juliana , López X. Alberte Fernández , González‐Juanatey José Ramón , Rodríguez‐Mañero Moisés
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Carotid sinus syndrome (CSS), characterized by exaggerated vagal responses leading to asystolic pauses with carotid sinus massage (CSM), often necessitates pacemaker implantation. This study investigates cardioneuroablation (CNA) as an alternative strategy for CSS.

Methods

Prospective study of consecutive patients referred for CNA due to CSS. All patients underwent CSM, atropine test and 24‐h Holter monitoring before the procedure and at 6 months. The primary objective was the absence of any cardioinhibitory response to CSM following CNA. Secondary objectives included the combined endpoint of syncope and presyncope‐free survival, pacemaker‐free survival, differences in heart rate variation (HRV), as well as differences in the pre‐ and postprocedure atropine tests and in the SF‐36 quality‐of‐life questionnaire.

Results

A total of 13 consecutive patients (84.6% male, mean age 63.8 ± 12.3 years) were included. CSM revealed a symptomatic asystolic pause in all patients before CNA (7.3 [5.6–10.5] s). After the procedure, all the patients had a negative CSM, and only one patient (7.7%) had a positive CSM at 6 months. After a median follow‐up of 11.2 (10.6–16.3) months, syncope or presyncope‐free survival was 84.6%, and none required pacemaker implantation. There was an improvement in the energy and health change items in the SF‐36 questionnaire. There was a reduction in HR increase in the atropine test at 6 months (pre‐CNA: 66% [52–84] vs. post‐CNA 26.0% (19.8–29.3]; p = .008) and in HRV parameters.

Conclusions

In this proof‐of‐efficacy study, performed in patients affected by asystolic CSS, CNA was effective in reducing the rate of cardioinhibitory responses, suggesting a potential efficacy in also reducing syncopal recurrences. Controlled trials are warranted to corroborate clinical findings.
PTGES is involved in myofibroblast differentiation via HIF‐1α‐dependent glycolysis pathway
Authors: Lin Min‐Hsi , Lee Yi‐Chen , Liao Jia‐Bin , Chou Chih‐Yu , Yang Yi‐Fang
Published: October 2024

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Patients with lung cancer usually exhibit poor prognoses and low 5‐year survival rates. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are both chronic lung dysfunctions resulting in lung fibrosis and increased risk of lung cancer. Myofibroblasts contribute to the progression of asthma, COPD and IPF, leading to fibrosis in the airway and lungs. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that metabolic reprogramming is a major hallmark of fibrosis, being important in the progression of fibrosis. Using gene expression microarray, we identified and validated that the lipid metabolic pathway was upregulated in lung fibroblasts upon interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐13 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α treatment. In this study, we described that prostaglandin E synthase (PTGES) was upregulated in lung fibroblasts after IL‐4, IL‐13 and TNF‐α treatments. PTGES increased α‐SMA levels and promoted lung fibroblast cell migration and invasion abilities. Furthermore, PTGES was upregulated in a lung fibrosis rat model in vivo. PTGES increased AKT phosphorylation, leading to activation of the HIF‐1α‐glycolysis pathway in lung fibroblast cells. HIF‐1α inhibitor or 2‐DG treatments reduced α‐SMA expression in recombinant PTGES (rPTGES)‐treated lung fibroblast cells. Targeting PGE2 signalling in PTGES‐overexpressing cells by a PTGES inhibitor reduced α‐SMA expression. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that PTGES increases the expression of myofibroblast marker via HIF‐1α‐dependent glycolysis and contributes to myofibroblast differentiation.
Introducing a specified on‐line multimodal prehabilitation approach for total knee replacement surgery candidates using data from the COVID‐19 pandemic: An exploratory field‐based, pre‐post, mixed methods implementation pilot study
Authors: Garland Laura , Gibson Jamie , Pickford Rashida , Jones Gareth D.
Published: October 2024

Rationale

Individuals waiting for total‐knee‐replacement surgery are at risk of developing morbidities and frailty which may affect their postoperative recovery. Multi‐modal prehabilitation could mitigate these unintentional effects.

Aims and Objectives

To implement and evaluate a specified online multi‐modal prehabilitation intervention in patients waiting for total‐knee‐replacement surgery in a large urban acute hospital trust.

Method

A non‐randomised, pre/post analysis implementation pilot with a nested qualitative study was conducted and is reported following the standards for implementation studies (StaRI) guidance. Of 35 listed cases, 12 (34%) were eligible, recruited, and completed an 8‐week multi‐modal online intervention incorporating 5 modalities (i) cardiovascular exercise, (ii) strength/balance function, (iii) smoking cessation, (iv) opioid use, (v) nutritional intake. Interventions were specified using the Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System, where rehabilitation treatment theory accounts for discrete treatment components. Two participated in an online qualitative interview post‐intervention. Process evaluation included intervention fidelity, eligibility/recruitment/retention rates, and clinical outcomes included knee function, frailty, gait velocity, anxiety/depression, and quality of life.

Results

Five participants (42%) completed the intervention and were retained at follow‐up. The intervention was delivered online at specified doses, frequency/durations indicative of high respective adherence, quantity, and exposure fidelity.

There was significant improvement in median oxford knee score (p = 0.015), gait velocity (p = 0.040) and anxiety (p = 0.023). The interview revealed 5 themes; surgery preconceptions, motivation, acceptability, postoperative experiences, and future recommendations confirming acceptance of the intervention by virtue of adhering to the treatment exposure delivered as planned.

Conclusion

The specified multi‐modal prehabilitation was acceptable, implementable, and demonstrated evidence of preliminary efficacy. Further experimental pilot work that represents the spectrum of frailty, obesity, quality of life, and comorbidities associated with total‐knee‐replacement surgery is indicated.
Music and Sleep Hygiene Interventions for Pregnancy‐Related Insomnia: An Online Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hoegholt Nadia Flensted , Krænge Camilla Eva , Vuust Peter , Kringelbach Morten , Jespersen Kira Vibe
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Approximately 50% to 60% of all pregnant women suffer from insomnia during pregnancy. Pregnancy‐related insomnia has been associated with severe outcomes for both mother and child postnatally. Currently, the treatment of pregnancy‐related insomnia is often neglected due to a lack of suitable treatments. This online assessor‐masked randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of music listening and sleep hygiene for treating pregnancy‐related insomnia.

Methods

We recruited first‐time pregnant women at the end of the second trimester with a report of poor sleep. Participants in the music and sleep hygiene (MSH) group received standard sleep hygiene advice and were instructed to listen to music daily at bedtime for 4 weeks. They could choose from 6 sleep playlists of different genres. Participants randomized to the sleep hygiene alone (SH) group received standard sleep hygiene only. Primary outcomes were sleep quality measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and insomnia severity measured with the Insomnia Severity Index. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04633395.

Results

Among the 98 participants receiving the online intervention, 31 participants in the MSH group (62%) and 40 participants in the SH group (80%) completed the postintervention measurements. Both groups experienced improved sleep quality during the intervention period (PSQI change, −2.10; 95% CI, −3.27 to −0.93; P < .001), with no significant difference between the groups. Similarly, insomnia symptoms were reduced (Insomnia Severity Index change, −3.42; 95% CI, −5.02 to −1.83; P < .001) with no significant difference in the effect between groups. There was a significant difference in adherence to sleep hygiene between the MSH and SH groups (42% vs 8%; P = .007).

Discussion

Sleep quality and insomnia severity can be improved in pregnant women with relatively simple interventions like music listening and sleep hygiene advice. These results align with previous research, but larger trials are recommended to support introduction into clinical practice.
Citrus tamurana Hort. ex Tanaka (Hyuganatsu orange)‐derived arabinogalactan suppresses bone turnover in postmenopausal women: A randomized placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Yamaguchi Masatoshi , Yoshiyama Toshiko , Maruyama Ruriko , Ohashi Masanao , Nishizono Shoko , Kobayashi Taichi , Miyatake Munetoshi , Sameshima Hiroshi
Published: October 2024

Aim

To evaluate Hyuganatsu oranges (Citrus tamurana Hort. Ex Tanaka) derived arabinogalactan for bone turnover, we performed a randomized placebo‐controlled trial.

Methods

Sixty‐three postmenopausal women were age‐stratified and randomly assigned to receive arabinogalactan‐rich hyuganatsu juice (study group) or a placebo drink (control group) for 90 days. We measured blood tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b), type I procollagen N‐terminal propeptide (P1NP), and other bone turnover biomarker levels at baseline, days 45 and 90 (T90) of the intervention, and day 30 of recovery. Cumulative effects were compared between groups using repeated‐measures linear mixed model analysis. The primary endpoint was the difference between the pre‐ and post‐intervention TRACP5b and P1NP levels.

Results

Using repeated measures linear mixed model analysis, the study group had significantly lower TRACP5b and P1NP levels at day 90 than the control group (mean [95% confidence interval]; TRACP5b: 310.0 [269.2–350.9] vs. 386.4 [341.2–431.6] mU/dL; P1NP: 53.7 [48.6–58.7] vs. 70.3 [64.1–76.4] ng/mL), whereas other biomarker levels showed no change.

Conclusion

Arabinogalactan‐rich Hyuganatsu juice suppressed bone mineral turnover and potentially improved ovarian hormone deficiency‐induced osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
Dispositional Traits, Characteristic Adaptations, and Narrative Identity Reconstructions in Individuals With Depersonalization and Derealization
Authors: Fino Emanuele , Jemmett‐Skinner Thalia , Evans‐Miller Richard , Perkins Joe , Malik Mohammed , Robinson Martin , Webb Gwendalyn
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Depersonalization and derealization disorder (DPDR) is a debilitating condition. To date, little was known about the role of personality structure and of perceived social support and loneliness in DPDR.

Methods

Three studies investigated, respectively: (i) broadband personality traits (five‐factor model), maladaptive trait domains (PID‐5), and perceived support and loneliness in individuals with self‐reported DPDR (N = 160) versus a general population sample (N = 303), using network modeling; (ii) structure and interconnectivity of personality, perceived support and loneliness, and DPDR traits (frequency/duration) in individuals with self‐reported DPDR (N = 160); (iii) characteristic adaptations and narrative identities in individuals with self‐reported DPDR (N = 19), using thematic analysis.

Results

Study 1 found between‐samples differences across several traits, especially psychoticism and negative affect. Differences in networks' global centrality, but not structures or edges, were also found. The graphical model in Study 2 showed a community of dissociative tendencies including DPDR traits and psychoticism. Study 3 highlighted the development of DPDR as a key life transition for those experiencing it, with narratives focusing on feelings of poor agency, isolation, and a disrupted sense of self.

Conclusions

Individual differences in personality characterize DPDR, especially in psychoticism. Implications for theory and research are discussed.
Application of WINROP to predict severe retinopathy of prematurity in a multi‐ethnic cohort in Singapore
Authors: Teoh Kok Wooi , Seshasai Sudarshan , Tan Mary Grace Sy , Ng Wei Yan , Shah Varsha Atul , Ngeow Alvin Jia Hao
Published: October 2024

Aim

To investigate the validity of WINROP use in multi‐ethnic population in a tertiary centre in Singapore.

Methods

Birth weight, gestational age, and weekly weight measurements of four hundred two preterm infants (<32 weeks gestation) born between year 2011 and 2019 were entered into WINROP algorithm. Based on their weekly weight gain, WINROP algorithm would signal an alarm if the infant is at risk for type 1 ROP requiring treatment. The WINROP result is then compared with the ophthalmological findings. All the infants were screened based on the hospital ROP screening protocol. The negative predictive value, positive predictive value, sensitivity and specificity were calculated.

Results

Among all the infants enrolled, 31 infants developed type 1 ROP. WINROP successfully signalled 23 out of 31 correctly. The calculated sensitivity was 74.2 % and specificity was 48.0 %. The positive predictive value was 10.6% and negative predictive value was 95.7%.

Conclusions

Our study showed that when WINROP is applied to our multi‐ethnic population, it has a moderate sensitivity of 74.2% and a high predictive negative value of 95.7%. We would not recommend it to be used a solitary screening method but it can be used to better risk stratify preterm infants at risk of type 1 ROP, particularly in resource limited settings.
Flummoxing expectations
Authors: Wilkinson Hayden
Published: October 2024

Expected utility theory often falls silent, even in cases where the correct rankings of options seems obvious. For instance, it fails to compare the Pasadena game to the Altadena game, despite the latter turning out better in every state. Decision theorists have attempted to fill these silences by proposing various extensions to expected utility theory. As I show in this paper, such extensions often fall silent too, even in cases where the correct ranking is intuitively obvious. But we can extend the theory further than has been done before—I offer a new extension, Invariant Value Theory, which deals neatly with those problem cases and also satisfies various desirable conditions. But other prima facie desirable conditions, including Independence, the theory violates. Is this a problem for the proposal? It may not be—in a new impossibility result, I show that no theory can satisfy Independence in full generality without violating several other conditions that together seem just as plausible.