bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penetrance of Arsenic Modulates Gene Expression of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Marker SOX4, EpCAM and CK19 Genes Through MTHFR C677T Polymorphism Regulation in Circulating Tumour Cells Isolated from Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Saxena AK  , Shalini
Published: May 2024

Arsenic is a common environmental agent that modulates various kind of disease including cancer. However, the exact role of arsenic induce in breast cancer development remains unknown in circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Therefore, present study has been designed with the aims to elucidate the impact of arsenic exposure i.e 24, 48, and 72 hours on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers such as Sox4, EpCAM, and CK19. RT-PCR analysis was carried out for the characterization of EMT with specific primers on agarose gel electrophoresis. DNA copy number variation (DNACNVs) was evaluated to assess genetic susceptibility and MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism was examined to determine the “risk factor” in CTCs isolated from breast cancer patients. Interestingly, findings reveal the differential gene expression and a pattern of down regulation (under expression) were observed during 24 and 48 hours of exposure, followed by up regulation at 72 hours. Genetic heterogeneity of the MTHFR C→T allele was detected only at 48 hours, suggesting that arsenic increase “risk” for developing breast cancer by modulating EMT marker either alone or synergistically with MTHFR in CTCs.
Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis of Liquid Effluent Treatment Plant Apply in Chemical Process Industry
Authors: Mr Pravin Tathod  , Mr. Nitesh Ramteke
Published: May 2024

The chemical process industry is one of the categories of highly polluting industries and generates strong wastewater of high COD along with hazardous waste which requires effective treatment and disposal/reuse of effluents. In this review, the various sources of wastewaters in the chemical industry are identiﬁed and the best available technologies to remove them are critically evaluated. The aim of the present research work was to determine the behavior of various parameters of the chemical wastewater. During the entire study evaluate, monitor, and check various environmental parameters whether they are complying with a given standard or not given by regulatory authority at chemical Industry,. The India based industry produced bulk drugs, fatty acids, fatty alcohol, food additives, personal care products, and others. The monitoring data of the effluent treatment plant will give information on the pollution control by the company and the management of waste. Overall analysis showed that there is no significant difference in pH, BOD, COD, and ammoniacal Nitrogen. The use of conventional treatment methods along with membrane reactors and advanced post-treatment methods resulting in a Coagulation wastewater treatment technology appears to be the best
Effect of Brain-Based Learning on Conceptual Change in Acid, Base and Salt among Chemistry Students of Varied Cognitive Ability in Onitsha Education Zone
Authors: Anulika EKE Joy
Published: May 2024

The study investigated the effect of brain-based learning on conceptual change in acid, base and salt among chemistry students of varied cognitive ability in Onitsha Education Zone. Three research questions guided the study and five hypotheses were tested at 0.05 alpha level. Quasi-experimental design was used in the study, specifically, the pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design. The study population comprised 3, 103 SS2 students offering chemistry in Onitsha Education Zone, out which 108 students were selected using random and purposive sampling techniques. The instruments used for data collection were Test of Logical Thinking (TOLT) adopted from Tobin and Capie (1981) and Chemistry Students’ Conceptual Change Test (CSCCT) adopted from Zudonu (2013). Data was generated for the study by administering the instruments as pretest and posttest. Research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation while analysis of covariance was used to test the null hypotheses. The findings of the study showed that students taught acid, base and salt chemistry using brain-based learning had significantly higher mean conceptual change scores than those taught using lecture method. Also, there was a significant influence of cognitive ability level and gender on students’ conceptual change. It was recommended that seminars and workshop should be organized for chemistry teachers by school administrators to acquaint them with the effective ways of integrating brain-based learning into the teaching process of chemistry.
Introduction
Authors: Shull Kristina
Published: May 2024

The introduction provides an overview of the contemporary US immigration detention system and lays out the book’s main arguments by defining key concepts such as empire, resistance, counterinsurgency, the Reagan imaginary, and critical refugee studies. By analyzing various forms of public and personal resistance to immigration enforcement and detention in the 1980s, the book argues that the Reagan administration adopted a set of new immigration detention policies in alignment with Cold War foreign policy goals and theorizes that detention operates as a form of counterinsurgency under the Reagan administration’s War on Drugs. The introduction also discusses the election of Ronald Reagan in 1980 as a pivotal moment for the rise of mass incarceration in US history.
This Time, They’ll Be Feet People
Authors: Shull Kristina
Published: May 2024

This chapter details how the Reagan administration’s increasing US military aid and interventions in ongoing civil wars in Central America caused mass displacement of Salvadoran refugees and Guatemalan refugees fleeing US-backed violence, prompting US policy responses including detention, inter-agency law enforcement cooperation, and border militarization. Through covert military operations inspired by low-intensity conflict doctrine and drug interdiction provisions under the War on Drugs, the Reagan administration adopted a Cold War political strategy of denying the role of US-trained death squads in refugee displacement to claim that leftism and communism were the only causes of violence and refugee displacement. The chapter then describes how the Reagan administration implemented the Caribbean Basin Initiative in El Salvador with an intent of refugee deterrence, and how the State Department used the 1980 Refugee Act to issue systematic denials of Salvadoran and Guatemalan asylum claims while claiming to uphold due process. These policies sparked a growing, transnational Central American peace movement. The chapter concludes by recounting the experiences of asylum-seekers detained at the El Centro detention center in California and legal and community advocacy on their behalf. Meanwhile, the Reagan administration continued developing contingency detention plans such as Rex84 in anticipation of future mass migrations.
Prime Minister’s Dilemma
Authors: Afkhami Mahnaz
Published: May 2024

This chapter describes the tumultuous history of women and politics in Iran, starting with the poet Tahereh Qurrat al-Ayn, a progressive religious thinker and leading figure in the new Bābi faith, who cast aside her veil while speaking to a gathering of her male followers, causing one of them to slit his own throat. Tahereh was later hanged for heresy—that is, for daring to think, to voice her beliefs, and to lead. The author describes Ayatollah Khomeini’s response to the 1963 White Revolution reforms, the most dangerous and repugnant of which to Khomeini’s concept of social organization was the extension of the franchise to women. This undermined Khomeini’s view of societal organization, founded on women’s role as complementary to men in the family and society and on men’s role as guardians of women. Khomeini declared that giving women the right to vote was tantamount to an “expansion of prostitution” and issued a fatwa calling all believers to the streets to express their opposition. The author recounts different personalities in the cabinet and the difficulties of being the only woman in an otherwise all-male cabinet.
Exile
Authors: Afkhami Mahnaz
Published: May 2024

Told that she was on the revolutionaries’ death list if she returned to Iran, the author began her life in exile in the US, as she pledged to continue her work for the women of Iran for the rest of her life. Her long-time friends Senator Jacob and Marion Javits became her American family in exile. The author stood by Princess Ashraf, who had been publicly vilified and abandoned by friends. Prime Minister Hoveyda and others had been executed by firing squads after their secret trials by an Islamic revolutionary court had ended with death sentences; while the shah, ill with cancer, was forced to move from country to country. In 1979 the author received a message to urge her husband Gholam to leave Iran, which he did, via a clandestine border crossing. Gholam secured a position at Stanford, where he wrote The Iranian Revolution: Thanatos on a National Scale, while the author deliberated on the next steps in her life.
Something in These Hills
Authors: Coggeshall John M.
Published: May 2024

What is the “something in these hills” that ties mountain families to family land in the southern Appalachians? This ethnographic examination challenges contemporary theory and explores two interrelated themes: the duality of the southern Appalachians as both a menacing and majestic landscape and the emotional relationship to family land characteristic of long-term residents of these mountains. To most outsiders, the area conjures images of a beautiful yet dangerous place, typified by the movie Deliverance. To long-term residents, these mountains have a fundamental emotional hold so powerful that many mourn the sale or loss of family land as if it were a deceased relative. How can the same geographical space be both? Using a carefully crafted cultural lens, John M. Coggeshall explains how family land anthropomorphizes, metaphorically becoming another member of kin groups. He establishes that this emotional sense of place existed prior to recent land losses, contrary to some contemporary scholars. Utilizing the voices and perspectives of long-term residents, the book provides readers with a more fundamental understanding of the “something in these hills” that holds people in place.
Opening the Black Box of Landscape
Authors: Coggeshall John M.
Published: May 2024

This chapter reviews the literature on the Southern Appalachians. The author discusses the ambiguity of a frontier, the evolution of Appalachian stereotypes, materialist and postmodern views of Appalachia’s contested spaces, globalized capitalism, and place, and then a critique and revision of that idea. The author also refines “insiders” and “outsiders” to “inhabitants” and “residents,” and describe my methodology of ethnographic fieldwork to interpret the landscape of Southern Appalachia.
A Pretty Primitive Feeling
Authors: Coggeshall John M.
Published: May 2024

This chapter describes the inhabitants’ feelings toward their land in the Southern Appalachians. It is a beautiful natural landscape but also a dangerous one, threatened by the same natural features (rivers, waterfalls), by animals (snakes, bears), by humans (local characters), and by the supernatural.
Institutions
Authors: Mims La Shonda
Published: May 2024

Urban institutions often controlled the popular presentations of queer life in the New South. Activist communities evolved differently in Atlanta and Charlotte but often in relation to the development of urban institutions. Local policing fueled queer perceptions of safety and protection in each city. Queer groups grappled with racism and sexism as they tried to find a middle ground between organizing events like the National Lesbian Conference in Atlanta, while advocating for political visibility. Universities provided sustenance and space for queer students to connect with social and political groups beyond the campus environment. Corporate support for Pride events and corporate benefits for lesbian and gay employees altered the climate for queer life in each city. The arrival of national sports teams in Charlotte resulted in new social spaces for lesbians, while the presence of the Olympic Games in Atlanta threatened the safety of lesbian social space. Religious institutions in each city shaped political decision making and national perceptions of urban identity.
¡Que Viva Cerro de San Pedro!
Authors: Studnicki-Gizbert Daviken
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines the growing numbers of social movements that emerged across Latin America and at the Cerro de San Pedro to defend life and territory from the harms wrought by open-pit mining. Their opposition generated what became known as socio-ecological or environmental justice conflicts. By focusing on the case of Cerro de San Pedro, the chapter provides an interior account of the inception and development of one of the earliest environmental justice movements to emerge around mining on the continent.
Butchery for Our Mothers
Authors: Haumesser Lauren N.
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores the Democratic response to John Brown’s abolitionist raid on Harpers Ferry. Northern Democrats blamed the raid on Republican radicalism. They hoped this would help them win back northern moderates after recent Republican victories in the North, and they hoped it would shore up support in the Border and Upper South. Southern Democrats in the Border and Upper South—including many white women—responded differently. They became more susceptible to secessionist fearmongering that emphasized the dangers of slave rebellion to white southern women and homes. Ultimately, Democrats’ racialized and gendered reactions to the raid deepened fissures within the party.
Conclusion
Authors: Haumesser Lauren N.
Published: May 2024

The conclusion argues that the gender tactics of 1856-61 guided northern and southern Democrats’ perceptions of their enemy and their prosecution of the war. Northern Democrats continued to push for compromise as an honorable war aim. They wanted a restrained war that would spare white southern men and their families the heaviest burdens of the conflict. And they opposed emancipation, even as a war measure. Southern Democrats, on the other hand, clung to their critique of a fanatical northern society. They continued to believe that seceding from the Union was the only way to protect southern society, white southern women, and slavery from northern fanaticism.
After Equiano
Authors: Hutchins Zachary McLeod
Published: May 2024

After the War of American Independence, the slave narrative underwent a transformation. Olaudah Equiano’s Interesting Narrative, which was published in 1789—the same year the Constitution of the United States was ratified, establishing a date for the termination of the transatlantic slave trade—was one of the last slave narratives to focus on the status of enslaved individuals as foreign nationals. After Equiano, instead of describing the life story of black Africans negotiating their freedom among foreign states, the slave narrative became a genre advocating for domestic political rights and the abolition of slavery. The newspaper remained an important repository for the accounts of Black Americans in the nineteenth century, who continued to use it as a tool of liberation, just as their black African forebears had in the eighteenth century.
Keeping Them in Their Place
Authors: Pearson Chad E.
Published: May 2024

This chapter presents a class analysis of the first Ku Klux Klan. Rather than depict the organization as a “hate group,” I describe them as a white supremacist employers’ association interested in exploiting the formerly enslaved population. Following the Civil War and the general strike of millions of enslaved people, downwardly-mobile Confederate veterans, including plantation owners, lawyers, merchants, and journalists, organized numerous Klan chapters in regions throughout the South. The Klan consisted of thousands of white people across class lines, but the “better classes” led Klan chapters. Klansmen engaged in numerous terrorist techniques, including kidnapping, whippings, and torching Black schoolhouses. They drove out white schoolteachers, terrorized insubordinate African Americans, and ultimately celebrated the defeat of Reconstruction. They wanted the formerly enslaved population to do nothing other than work during their waking hours.
North America
Authors: Adjetey Wendell Nii Laryea
Published: May 2024

This book maps racial formation and self-determination among North America’s mixed Black population of African Americans, African Canadians, and African Caribbean peoples from 1900 to 2000. It provides a framework that situates historical actors, ideas, associations, and events within a broad sociopolitical and geographic context. By examining cross-pollination among African peoples and the ways that they navigated the United States, Canada, the Caribbean, and sometimes Africa, this intervention—the first of its kind—excavates, recovers, and reconstructs the bones and anatomy of African Diaspora and Atlantic World history. A blend of urban, borderlands, transnational, and global history, this spatial body of knowledge is vital to understanding freedom and alternative notions of citizenship, not to mention a North American mentalité that galvanized twentieth-century African anti-colonialism.
Introduction
Authors: Lupien Pascal
Published: May 2024

This introductory chapter introduces the book’s focus on how Indigenous civil society organizations (CSOs) are adapting in a globalized, technology-centered world. Situating the research in the contemporary political landscape of Bolivia, Ecuador, and Chile, it introduces the book’s research questions: In what ways have social, political, and technological changes over the past decade influenced the evolution of Indigenous civil society? How and why have Indigenous CSOs’ strategies and tactics evolved over the past decade and what have been the most successful approaches? Why did Indigenous peoples return to large-scale resistance in the fall of 2019 after more than a decade of relative calm? How, and in what direction, do information and communications technologies (ICTs) shift the balance of power between Indigenous civil society and the state or other powerful actors? The chapter also introduces the methods and the data, including the comparative case study design and the community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach. It justifies the case selection and describes the data, including semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, and online content analysis.
Ecuador
Authors: Lupien Pascal
Published: May 2024

During the era of popular President Rafael Correa (2007-2017), Indigenous CSOs in Ecuador were forced to adjust to a new political context and citizenship regime that simultaneously extended social citizenship and provided new opportunities for participation while imposing limitations on civil rights and restricting space for CSOs. They turned their attention to “civic” practices permitted by the state. When the gains they had achieved over the years were threatened, and the political opportunity structure shifted again, they were able to build on their experience to assume a leadership role within Ecuadorian civil society. The relatively solidarity and cohesive structure of Indigenous civil society, supported by the skillful use of ICTs, demonstrated that Indigenous CSOs remain a strong political force in Ecuador. They adapted their approach to political participation, resource mobilization, and communication, and they have continued to develop an expanding repertoire of tactics through multi-scalar positioning. The chapter also looks at how community work in the territories is used to gain support. Finally, it demonstrates that there is considerable variation with respect to use of digital technologies, but that they played a central role in the 2019 protests that threatened the survival of the government.
Indigenous Civil Society in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Lupien Pascal
Published: May 2024

This chapter summarizes the key findings and looks to the future. It emphasizes the unique characteristics of Indigenous civil society and defines multi-scalar positioning, which Indigenous CSOs have pioneered. This involves participation from inside and outside of the system, service provision with a political dimension, utilizing participatory mechanisms, shaping local politics, collaborating with non-Indigenous sectors by aligning mutual demands, and navigating the complexities of cyberspace. Strategic adaptability hinges on mobilizing resources, leveraging political opportunities, and responding to threats to citizenship and social rights. Successful Indigenous groups demonstrate a nuanced understanding of when and how to adjust tactics, engaging in sustained efforts beyond protest cycles. The chapter stresses that social media and ICTs support CSO activities to some extent, but also pose challenges. Despite using ICTs, Indigenous CSOs differ from the "networked" movements identified in recent literature. Their strength lies in traditional features such as strong organizations, community decision-making, experienced leadership, in-person interaction, and ethnic identity. Indigenous CSOs challenge the conventional understanding of 21st-century collective action and offer valuable insights into effective political engagement. The chapter concludes that many challenges remain, but an ongoing, sustained multi-scalar positioning strategy will likely ensure the long-term integration of Indigenous demands into the political system.
Fit Citizens
Authors: Purkiss Ava
Published: May 2024

At the turn of the twentieth century, as African Americans struggled against white social and political oppression, Black women devised novel approaches to the fight for full citizenship. In opposition to white-led efforts to restrict their freedom of movement, Black women used various exercises—calisthenics, gymnastics, athletics, and walking—to demonstrate their physical and moral fitness for citizenship. Black women's participation in the modern exercise movement grew exponentially in the first half of the twentieth century and became entwined with larger campaigns of racial uplift and Black self-determination. Black newspapers, magazines, advice literature, and public health reports all encouraged this emphasis on exercise as a reflection of civic virtue. In the first historical study of Black women's exercise, Ava Purkiss reveals that physical activity was not merely a path to self-improvement but also a means to expand notions of Black citizenship. Through this narrative of national belonging, Purkiss explores how exercise enabled Black women to reimagine Black bodies, health, beauty, and recreation in the twentieth century. Fit Citizens places Black women squarely within the history of American physical fitness and sheds light on how African Americans gave new meaning to the concept of exercising citizenship.
Plenty of Good Exercise
Authors: Purkiss Ava
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines the relationship between ideas of fatness, beauty, and Black womanhood between the 1910s and 1940. It argues that middle-class Black women used exercise to promote their ideals of beauty, slimness, and the respectable Black body during the interwar years. By identifying explicit historical examples of Black antifat bias, this chapter uses physical culture to challenge commonly-held ideas about beauty, Black women, and their bodies.
Battling the Kingdome
Authors: Johnson Diana K.
Published: May 2024

This chapter foregrounds Asian-American-led activism against a major Seattle sports arena, the Kingdome during the early 1970s. In doing so, this chapter examines how Asian American activists, including cannery worker organizers stationed in Alaska and Seattle, spearheaded multiracial coalitions to challenge the construction of the Kingdome in the International District, the historical Asian American neighborhood of Seattle.
Structural Adjustment
Authors: Goodman Carly
Published: May 2024

At independence Ghana had invested in major infrastructure projects, such as the Akosombo dam, which would generate electricity for the country. School enrollments climbed, and access to health care increased. But soon authoritarian politics and practices of “kalabule” or profiteering undermined people’s sense that the nation was serving the public good. Once in power in the 1980s, Jerry John Rawlings worked with the International Monetary Fund to coordinate a structural adjustment program for Ghana. This neoliberal reform attracted loans and aid but reshaped its economic structures, diminished fuel and food subsidies, devalued the currency, and more. Rolling blackouts, or dumsor, hurt productivity and quality of life, and seemed to speak to the collapse of the promises of independence. By the 1990s, the people of Ghana were suffering the effects of these shifts, which would shape attitudes about emigration.
Introduction
Authors: Delehanty Jack
Published: May 2024

This chapter introduces readers to the world of faith-based community organizing. It previews the book’s arguments about moral citizenship, moral vocation, and relational practices, and grounds readers in the meanings of those terms while explaining how they combine to animate social change movements. In discussing the cultural dynamics at work in ELIJAH, the book’s focal case, this chapter also offers a preliminary statement of the book’s main argument: that religion’s primary contribution to contemporary social justice movement is not beliefs or doctrines, but a wellspring of internal motivation that skilled organizers can identify, develop, and ultimately transform into a commitment to pursue equality and justice for all members of society.
Relational Culture and Political Action
Authors: Delehanty Jack
Published: May 2024

This chapter explains how the background cultural work explained earlier in the book -using relational practices to stoke moral vocations and anchor them to moral citizenship – infuses the more visible political mobilization that most people associate with activism groups. Case studies of campaigns to provide driver licenses to undocumented immigrants and to mandate paid sick time at the municipal level demonstrate how emphases on storytelling and relationships carry through into political action, leading ELIJAH to focus on long-term leadership development over short-term political wins. The result is a political culture devoted to fostering a broad commitment to social action writ large that transcends any one issue struggle.
Affirmative Actions
Authors: Bailey Beth
Published: May 2024

While racial violence in the enlisted ranks pushed the US Army to address its racial crisis, Army leaders recognized that problems in the enlisted ranks were exacerbated by the drastic shortage of Black officers. The shortage of senior officers (in 1968 only one of 521 Army generals was Black) was due to decisions made long before, but numbers of Black junior officers promised little improvement. At the direction of the Department of Defense during the Nixon administration, the US Army developed a program of affirmative actions, including admissions preferences, and reevaluated its officer evaluation processes. This chapter discusses the history of affirmative action at the US Military Academy at West Point and the history of racial discrimination that preceded it, the 1972 “Butler Report,” and rotc programs at HBCUs (historically Black colleges and universities).
The Big Picture Goals of Public History
Authors: Faulkenbury Evan
Published: May 2024

Halfway through Evan Faulkenbury’s fall 2019 introduction to public history course, he began emphasizing students’ Big Picture Goals. In addition to surveying public history’s multiple formats such as museums, historic sites, and oral history, Faulkenbury facilitated a partnership between his class, the Cortland County Historical Society, and the local tourism bureau. Their joint project used the digital platform Clio to create entries on fifty of Cortland County’s roadside historic markers. The project itself concluded with successes and failures, but the larger goal of making students aware of how public history can be a vehicle to accomplishing their own professional goals transformed the class in a positive way.
Upbuilding an Inclusive Future
Authors: Gatson Torren
Published: May 2024

Torren Gatson commits his public history courses to exploring and advancing inclusivity and equity in the public history field. In the fall of 2019, he taught a museum and historic site interpretation course in which he and students partnered with the Historic Magnolia House, a hotel that was included in the Negro Motorist Guide and played a central part in the civil rights struggle in Greensboro. Gatson facilitated his course as an exercise in scholarly consciousness raising; in his words, students left the course with “awareness about issues of authority and culturally responsive pedagogy and awareness of white privilege and tearing down barriers within museums that allow for professionals to begin dismantling colonized spaces toward a more inclusive narrative.”
Banks Generally Don’t Pollute
Authors: Elmore Bart
Published: May 2024

Drawing on archival resources gained through access to former Bank of America CEO, Hugh McColl, this chapter offers the first environmental history of an American bank, and it explains why Charlotte, North Carolina, had the unique commercial ecosystem that allowed for the growth and maturation of some of the largest financial institutions in the world.
Bush’s Triumph
Authors: Fleegler Robert L.
Published: May 2024

The Republican primary was not nearly as eventful as its Democratic counterpart. Bush and Kansas senator Bob Dole ran as moderate conservatives, attempting to move the party back toward the center after the Reagan years. New York representative Jack Kemp ran as Reagan-style tax cutter but did not get very far due to his relative lack of name recognition. Televangelist Pat Robertson, however, made a surprise impact, mobilizing social conservatives to finish a shocking second in Iowa, demonstrating the growing importance of the religious right to the modern GOP. And Donald Trump made a cameo appearance, briefly exploring a run while expressing many of the same themes he did when he ran in 2016. In the end, Bush soundly defeated Dole for the nomination, but only after losing to him in Iowa, then rallying to win New Hampshire over the Kansas senator.
Oconaluftee
Authors: Giddens Elizabeth
Published: May 2024

The Oconaluftee Valley, located on the North Carolina side of the Smokies, is home of the Eastern Band of the Cherokee Indians and part of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (a UNESCO World Heritage Site). This seemingly isolated valley has an epic tale to tell. Always a desirable place to settle, hunt, gather, farm, and live, the valley and its people have played an integral role in some of the greatest dramas of the colonial era, the Trail of Tears, and the Civil War era. The experiences of turn-of-the-twentieth-century industrial logging alongside the national park movement show how land-use trends changed communities and families. Though the valley saw its share of conflict, its residents often lived like neighbors, sharing resources and acting cooperatively for mutual benefit and survival. They demonstrated remarkable resilience in the face of threats to their existence. The book offers a deeply researched and elegantly written account of Oconaluftee and its people from Indigenous settlements to the establishment of the national park by Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1940. The work builds the tale from archives, census records, property records, personal memoirs, and more, showing how national events affected all Oconaluftee's people—Indigenous, Black, and white.
The Paradise of America
Authors: Lorek Timothy W.
Published: May 2024

Chapter One in Making the Green Revolution examines the history of the Cauca Valley in Colombia. The valley of the Cauca River, this region has been celebrated for its fertility and prospects for tropical agriculture and industrial development since before Colombian independence. Conflicts over land tenure around the growing city of Cali helped direct waves of agricultural politics in the region, including ideas about self-sufficiency pursued by Latin American nationalists and international scientists in the early decades of the twentieth century.
The Grassroots Challenge
Authors: Mantler Gordon K.
Published: May 2024

The often-told story of Harold Washington’s 1983 mayoral victory often obscures the larger economic and political context as well as the broader grassroots coalition that emerged in opposition to Mayor Jane Byrne’s re-election. It was an expansive intraracial and multiracial alliance that elected Washington. Much like progressive coalitions supporting Black mayors in other cities across the nation, his election required a remarkable amount of organization not just among the African American factions so routinely highlighted in popular and scholarly narratives but also among key progressive Latino and white groups. This included massive voter registration efforts, political education classes, and other kinds of painstaking organizing. Washington’s victory also reflected rarely acknowledged contingencies, most prominently a white political elite which had evenly divided its support between Byrne and State’s Attorney Richard M. Daley, the former mayor’s eldest son. Race and white supremacy were factors, of course, but at least in the February 1983 primary, so was gender and sexism.
Making Love to the Spirit
Authors: Nwokocha Eziaku Atuama
Published: May 2024

This chapter focuses on the rarely documented religious rituals of spiritual marriage or mystical marriage. This sacred institution creates a codified ritual commitment where spirits aid the practitioners and, in turn, practitioners serve the spirits.  Spiritual marriage offers a useful framework for analyzing the role of gender and sexuality as it illuminates the gendered expectations placed on practitioners’ fashion and adornment choices. Additionally, this chapter explores the often-unspoken realities of same gender desire between spirits and practitioners and how this challenges the ritual traditions of spiritual marriage within Manbo Maude’s temples. The fashion involved in spiritual marriage extends beyond ceremonies into the everyday lives of practitioners through the ongoing use of ritualized clothing and adornment. Clothing and adornment associated with spiritual marriage signals a personal connection with the divine, aids ongoing communication with the divine, and facilitates the crucial possibility of sexual contact between practitioners and spirits. These sexual interactions, happen “in dream,” which in Haitian Kreyòl is nan dòmi, emphasizes the commitment between practitioner and spirit and plays a significant role in spiritual marriage.
»Zavedajmo se pri vsaki naši akciji, da tekmujemo!« Narodno tekmovanje, Tekmovanje zmage in druga
Authors: Guštin Damijan
Published: May 2024

In the summer and autumn of 1944, the leadership of the resistance movement in Slovenia held two competitions among its political bodies and military units. Based on primary sources, the article analyses the idea, implementation, and results of these competitions, which, in terms of their content, represented a synergy between the resistance movement’s motivational and propaganda approaches and its needs for additional material resources and the expansion of its personnel. The competitions in gathering the material and political support for the resistance organisation spurred the further activation of its political bodies at all levels and encouraged a better definition of their political tasks. Obtaining additional material and human resources directly from the population was vital for the functioning and survival of the resistance organisation under the conditions of significant deficit. However, such actions could only be carried out in the areas where the resistance was sufficiently organised and which were not entirely controlled by the occupying forces and their collaborators.
The impact of robotic surgery on postoperative recovery in a patient with prostate cancer: a systematic literature review
Authors: Guamán Ortiz Tatiana Lizbeth , Zúñiga Salgado Daniela Monserrath , Diaz Ramos Tatiana Lissette , Mena Sivinta Lismey Dayanara , Montesdeoca Vásquez Paulina Noemí
Published: May 2024

Prostate cancer has become one of the most prevalent diseases globally, which affects millions of men, and is estimated to go up to 288.3 thousand patients in the U.S. in 2023. Therefore, its diagnosis and management process need innovations and continuous improvements to reduce morbidity and mortality rates. The advancement of robotic surgery, defined by its minimally invasive method, has changed the game. It is superior to open surgery practice, with fewer complications after the operation time, quicker recovery, and improved lifestyle. This systematic review rigorously and systematically analyzes studies of this kind and addresses the various operative outcomes, including wound complications, surgical site infections, and urinary and sexual functions. This systematic review will be explorative, aiming to establish the benefits of robotic surgery in terms of postoperative outcomes. We intend to contribute to the cardio-thoracic surgical literature by providing a comprehensive analysis of how this type of surgery affects the postoperative recovery of patients with prostate cancer, giving recommendations for future clinical care and research in this field.
A INEFICÁCIA DO DIREITO LEGAL AO ABORTO
Authors: Sousa Stéphanny Gama Mendes de , Camilo Christiane de Holanda
Published: May 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar os obstáculos legislativos ao direito legal ao aborto no Brasil a partir da análise teórica e conceitual dos projetos de lei existentes sobre o tema no Poder Legislativo Federal, em especial na Câmara dos Deputados, do período de 2019 a 2023. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa quali-quantativa, documental, baseada em análise de conteúdo dos projetos de lei que tratam sobre o aborto no Brasil. A partir dos dados coletados, percebeu-se uma divisão de correntes conceituais sobre a garantia do direito à prática do aborto no país.
Diagnóstico de salud en la localidad de San Lucas Tepemajalco y su repercusión en la salud pública
Authors: Alvarez Chaparro Carolina
Published: May 2024

El Diagnóstico de Salud es un instrumento que contiene un gran valor para la planeación de los Servicios de Salud, su principal fin es identificar los problemas de salud que aquejan a una población delimitada geográficamente. El diagnóstico de salud tradicionalmente está conformado por tres elementos sustanciales, que se consideran claves para comprender el estado de salud de la población, los cuales son: los daños a la salud, los factores determinantes, y la respuesta social organizada con los que se cuenta para dar atención a estos problemas de salud. Los problemas de salud no ocurren aisladamente, sino que se presentan en estrecha relación con su contexto, por lo cual es de suma importancia que se conozcan adecuadamente los factores de riesgo y los componentes etiologicos de nuestra población en la cual nos desarrollamos para poder de esta forma dar una solución oportuna y adecuada. El Diagnóstico Integral en Salud es un proceso intencionado y organizado para identificar, describir, analizar y evaluar un conjunto de indicadores que permitan ponderar y determinar características propias de una comunidad y de los componentes del sistema de salud, con el fin de proponer acciones pertinentes para la solución de los problemas en salud. La información presentada es una exposición de la realidad de esta comunidad y de los datos numéricos obtenidos en el análisis de los informes del Establecimiento de Salud San Lucas Tepemajalco, dirigidos a la Dirección General de Información en Salud.
La formación y lectura de palabras simples en los niños(as) del sexto año de vida
Authors: Lago Pupo Alejandrina , Fernández Rosado Julio Cesar
Published: May 2024

Las actividades es una vía para favorecer el desarrollo de las habilidades en los niños(as) del sexto año de vida, de ahí la importancia que tiene el tema investigado. En el informe escrito se abordan los fundamentos teóricos-metodológicos que sustentan el proceso educativo de Lengua Materna en la educación La Primera Infancia. La investigación, responde, a una de las problemáticas que actualmente afectan el proceso educativo en la educación La Primera Infancia; la formación y lectura de palabras simples en los niños(as). Esta, tiene como objetivo la elaboración de actividades para favorecer el desarrollo de las habilidades formación y lectura de palabras simples en un niño del sexto año de vida, de la institución educativa, "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes", de la Unidad 12 del municipio Cacocum. Durante el proceder investigativo se utilizaron diferentes métodos y técnicas de investigación educativa tales como, el análisis y crítica de fuentes, el hermenéutico, el enfoque sistémico, la observación, la encuesta, la entrevista, así como el estudio de casos.
Estilos de liderazgo en sectores restauranteros, aduana, maquiladora y educativo, analizando las diferencias de genero
Authors: Ramírez Barón María Concepción , Pérez Tejada Melina Ortega , García Rivera Blanca Rosa
Published: May 2024

Actualmente al identificar la importancia del capital humano en las organizaciones,  estudiar en diferentes sectores para identificar si esto hace que varie el estilo y el impacto en el clima laboral es importante porque determina la productividad. El objetivo principal de la investigación es determinar los estilos de liderazgo (visionario, coaching, afiliativo, democrático, timonel y autoritario)  que predominan en los sectores restaurantero, aduana, maquiladora y educativo, con la intención de identificar, describir y correlacionar el impacto que generan, en seis factores tales como: formación de colaboradores, integración de colaboradores, comunicación laboral, motivación laboral, condiciones laborales y factores psicosociales. Se aplicó un cuestionario con datos sociodemográficos a sus subordinados  y de escala de Likert, basado en el cuestionario de D. Goleman. Como resultado se obtuvo el estilo de liderazgo que más predomino y las diferencias de género, así  como la relación con los factores estudiados.
Role of sea spray aerosol at the air–sea interface in transporting aromatic acids to the atmosphere
Authors: Song Yaru , Li Jianlong , Tsona Tchinda Narcisse , Li Kun , Du Lin
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Aromatic acids are ubiquitous in seawater (SW) and can be transported to the atmosphere via sea spray aerosol (SSA). Despite their importance in affecting the global radiative balance, the contribution of marine aromatic acids and their transport mechanisms through SSA remain unclear. Herein, the distribution of particle size and number concentration of SSA produced in SW containing nine different aromatic acids (i.e., benzoic acids, benzenedicarboxylic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, vanillic acid, and syringic acid) was studied using a custom-made SSA simulation chamber; moreover, the enrichment of aromatic acids in SSA and their emission flux to the atmosphere were analyzed. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images clearly revealed that aromatic acids can be transferred to the nascent SSA. Interestingly, the morphology associated with benzenedicarboxylic-acid-coated particles showed that aromatic acids can promote the growth of other surfaces of sea salt, thus making the sea salt core spherical. Aromatic acids showed a significant enrichment behavior at the air–sea interface, which clearly indicated that SSA represents a source of aromatic acids in the atmosphere. Vanillic acid had the largest global emission flux through SSA (962 t yr−1), even though its concentration in SW was lower. The calculated results indicated that the global annual flux of aromatic acids was affected not only by the concentration in SW, but also by their enrichment factor (EF). These data are critical for further quantifying the contribution of organic acids to the atmosphere via SSA, which may provide an estimate of the potential influence of the atmospheric feedbacks to the ocean carbon cycle.
Intercomparison of AOD retrievals from GAW-PFR and SKYNET sun photometer networks and the effect of calibration
Authors: Karanikolas Angelos , Kouremeti Natalia , Campanelli Monica , Estellés Victor , Momoi Masahiro , Kumar Gaurav , Kazadzis Stelios
Published: May 2024

Abstract. In this study, we assess the homogeneity of aerosol optical depth (AOD) between the sun photometer networks Global Atmospheric Watch-Precision Filter Radiometer (GAW-PFR) and European Skynet Radiometers network (ESR) at the 2 common wavelengths of their main instruments 500 nm and 870 nm. The main focus of the work is on evaluating the effect of the Improved Langley calibration method, (ILP) used by SKYNET and investigating the factors affecting its performance. We used data from three intercomparison campaigns that took place in the period 2017–2021. Each campaign has two phases in two locations. One is mountainous rural (Davos, Switzerland) and the other urban (Rome, Italy). Our analysis shows that the AOD differences due to post processing and instrument differences are minor. The major factor leading to AOD differences is the calibration method where we found a systematic underestimation of AOD compared to GAW-PFR due to an underestimation in the ILP calibration. The calibration and AOD differences are smaller in Davos where at 870 nm the traceability criteria are satisfied and at 500 nm the median differences are below 0.01. In Rome at 500 nm the AOD median differences per campaign are between 0.015–0.035. Attempting to explain the differences we found no association between the calibration performance and the level or the variability of the aerosol properties. We also conducted a sensitivity study, which shows that part of the difference can be potentially explained by errors in the assumed surface albedo and instrument solid view angle provided as inputs to the ILP code (based on Skyrad pack 4.2). Our findings suggest that the ILP method is mainly sensitive to the measured sky radiance. The calibration underestimation is probably caused by an error on the retrieved scattering aerosol optical depth (sc-AOD) through the sky radiance inversion. Using an alternative retrieval method (Skyrad MRI pack version 2) to derive sc-AOD and repeat ILP calibration, we found no significant differences between the retrieved sc-AOD nor systematic increase of the calibrations. The potential error may be a result of the forward model assumptions, To conclude, calibration of sun photometers on site offers the advantage of avoiding instrument shipments and data gaps. However, ILP shows larger uncertainty and significant systematic difference compared to the traditional Langley calibration performed under low and constant AOD conditions at high altitude sites, due to the uncertainties of the calibration method and the input parameters needed for it. In the following sections we report on results on the AOD retrievals of several instruments in different environments using different principles in their calibration methods. We also perform an investigation to explain the causes of differences.