bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing change orders in oil and gas construction projects in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alkhalifah Sadeq J. , Tuffaha Firas M. , Al Hadidi Laith A. , Ghaithan Ahmad
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The oil and gas construction projects in Saudi Arabia are commonly impacted by the frequent occurrence of change orders. Therefore, this study aims at determining the factors influencing change orders in the oil and gas construction projects in Saudi Arabia.

Design/methodology/approach

Firstly, the factors are extracted by examining the literature and further refined through experts' feedback. Twenty-one factors were identified in this manner. Thirdly, the factors are prioritized using a questionnaire survey. Responses from 162 professionals have been collected through surveys and ranked using the significance index. The correlation between factor rankings between classes is assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Lastly, using principal component analysis, a change order-related factors conceptual model is developed.

Findings

The five most significant factors were identified and ranked in a general manner or per the category involved. Four main types were involved: project management team (PMT), consultants, contractors and clients. Moreover, a change order-related factors model is proposed. The factors are grouped under four main groups: project definition and planning factors, project stakeholder-related factors, project execution-related factors and project performance and control factors.

Originality/value

Despite the vast factor-related literature in Saudi Arabia. Nevertheless, there has never been a study that investigates the factors influencing change orders in oil and gas projects in Saudi Arabia before. This study not only identifies the change order-related factors but also proposes a model that captures the importance of these factors. This model can aid project professionals in mitigating the impact of the most critical factors encountered during the various phases of the project.
An automated BIM and system dynamics tool for assessing safety leading indicators in construction projects
Authors: Dadashi Haji Mostafa , Behnam Behrouz
Published: February 2023

Purpose

It is a well-accepted note that to enhance safety performance in a project by preventing hazards, recognizing the safety leading indicators is of paramount importance.

Design/methodology/approach

In this research, the relationship between safety leading indicators is determined, and their impacts on the project are assessed and visualized throughout the time of the project in a proactive manner. Construction and safety experts are first interviewed to determine the most important safety leading indicators of the construction industry, and then the relationships that may exist between them are identified. Furthermore, a system dynamics model is generated using the interviews and integrated with an add-on developed on the building information modeling (BIM) platform. Finally, the impacts of the safety leading indicators on the project are calculated based on their time of occurrence, impact time and effective radius.

Findings

The add-on generates a heat-map that visualizes the impacts of the safety leading indicators on the project through time. Moreover, to assess the effectiveness of the developed tool, a case study is conducted on a station located on a water transfer line. In order to validate the results of the tool, a survey is also conducted from the project's staff and experts in the field. Previous studies have so far focused on active safety leading indicators that may result in a particular hazard, and the importance of the effects that safety leading indicators have on another is not considered. This study considers their effects on each other in a real-time manner.

Originality/value

Using this tool project's stakeholders and staff can identify the hazards proactively; hence, they can make the required decisions in advance to reduce the impact of associated events. Moreover, two other potentially contributions of the presented work can be enumerated as: firstly, the findings provide a knowledge framework of active safety leading indicators and their interactions for construction safety researchers who can go on to further study safety management. Secondly, the proposed framework contributes to encouragement of time-based location-based preventive strategies on construction sites.
Numerical and experimental investigation of dynamic tube hydroforming to examine the prediction on it by genetic programming
Authors: Mohseni Arman , Rezapour Javad , Gohari Rad Sina , Rajabiehfard Reza
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The process of hydroforming is defined as the formation of parts into the internal mold design using internal pressure. This process can extensively reduce parts and secondary operations, and adoption to the loading path is one of its most essential points. The purpose of this paper is to address these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

A dynamic loading path was taken into account in the current study, and a drop hammer was employed for this purpose, decreasing the time and requiring less number of systems.

Findings

One of the main observations of this research is that selecting side punches with a smaller central hole radius is proportional to the kinetic energy and the amount of fluid. Moreover, it can be effective in achieving the optimal loading path.

Originality/value

In addition to experiments for numerical analyses, the finite element simulation model was provided via Abaqus software in which the Eulerian–Lagrangian coupling method was utilized for evaluating the tube forming process through repeating the fluid flow formation because of the effect. Moreover, the genetic programming model was efficient for determining the most suitable input parameters regarding prediction for the minimum thickness which examined the efficiency of the process and presented a mathematical relationship.
Why switch? The role of customer variety-seeking and engagement in driving service switching intention
Authors: Menidjel Choukri , Hollebeek Linda D. , Urbonavicius Sigitas , Sigurdsson Valdimar
Published: February 2023

Purpose

This study aims to examine the role of service customers’ variety-seeking and engagement in driving their service switching intention. The authors also explore the moderating role of customer relationship proneness in this association.

Design/methodology/approach

To test the hypotheses, the authors deployed a sample of 227 service customers, whose data was analyzed by using partial least squares structural equation modeling.

Findings

The findings show that customer engagement mediates the relationship of customer variety-seeking and their service switching intention, as hypothesized. Moreover, customer relationship proneness weakens the negative effect of engagement on customers’ service switching intention.

Originality/value

Though scholarly acumen of customer engagement is rapidly developing, little remains known regarding its theoretical interface with customer variety-seeking and switching intention. Addressing this gap, the authors test a model exploring the mediating role of customer engagement in the association of customer variety-seeking and switching intention, and the potentially moderating role of customer relationship proneness in the association of customer engagement and service switching intention.
Some long-term positive trends in youth detention in New South Wales (Australia)
Authors: Clancey Garner , Evans Jedidiah , Friedlander Leili
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to highlight some long-term positive trends in youth detention in New South Wales (NSW) (Australia).

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is based on a review of major inquiries into youth detention in NSW over the last 40 years and analysis of recently published youth custody statistics.

Findings

There have been a number of positive long-term trends in youth detention in NSW, including a significant reduction in the number of young people held in custody, including the number (as opposed to the proportion) of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young people; the total number of youth custody beds has fallen, and there has been a significant positive change in the physical accommodation provided to young people in youth detention, with new facilities replacing unsuitable former centres; and no young person has died in custody (though there was the tragic death of an assistant teaching instructor in 1999) since 1990. These significant positive long-term trends are often lost in the criticisms levelled at the youth justice system.

Originality/value

This paper highlights a series of positive developments that have generally received little or no attention in the extant literature. Australia, as with other jurisdictions, has had a series of damning reviews of youth detention in recent years. While the issues raised in these reviews and inquiries are important and should necessarily be addressed, it is equally important to acknowledge significant positive trends.
Sean Ansett and workers’ rights in a Tunisian leather goods factory
Authors: Wong Yim-Yu , Wang Lihua , Ungson Gerardo R.
Published: February 2023

Research methodology

This case is based on an in-depth interview with Sean Ansett on March 6, 2020 in San Francisco. For a good reference book on the interview method in social science, please see Seidman (2019). Ansett is an alumnus of the Lam Family College of Business at San Francisco State University. A follow-up interview was conducted on December 13, 2021, via Zoom. The case situations are factual, but the names of the luxury brand, the factory and the Tunisian social auditing firm were disguised. Selected video clips of the interviews are available upon request.

Case overview/synopsis

In 2010, Sean Ansett, a social auditor with more than 25 years of experience in promoting workers’ rights in the global supply chain, faced a momentous decision. He was hired by a luxury brand company to conduct a social audit of a Tunisian leather goods factory. During his visit to the factory, he observed the troubling signs of child labor and alarming health and safety concerns in the work environment. Should he report the factory’s situation to the local authority? What should he advise his client, the luxury brand company, to do? Ansett realized that this was not a cut-and-dried decision as reporting to the local authority may affect workers adversely if the factory was closed. This case highlights the ethical dilemmas of human rights in the global supply chain. It also raises critical questions for multinational firms regarding what constitutes an ethical brand and how to ensure effective code of conduct implementation.

Complexity academic level

This case can be used in undergraduate or graduate business courses or curated sessions and seminars related to corporate social responsibility, ethics and social auditing in supply chain management.
Intersex Interventions as Human Rights Violations: The European Court of Human Rights Sets Out Guiding Principles in M v France
Authors: Alaattinoğlu Daniela
Published: February 2023

In 2022, the European Court of Human Rights, for the first time, signalled that it regards non‐consensual interventions on intersex individuals which are not motivated by medical necessity as human rights violations. This case note argues that the admissibility decision in question, M v France, albeit ruled inadmissible on procedural grounds, constitutes an important step towards binding supranational human rights standards, particularly regarding torture and ill‐treatment. While M v France could inspire intersex people to further their claims as strategic litigation, the note reflects on the central questions invoked by the Court's decision and some of the legal hurdles that intersex people may face when approaching courts with claims for recognition and redress.
Sex differences in risk factors for end‐stage kidney disease and death in type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Oshima Megumi , Iwata Yasunori , Toyama Tadashi , Kitajima Shinji , Hara Akinori , Sakai Norihiko , Shimizu Miho , Furuichi Kengo , Haneda Masakazu , Babazono Tetsuya , Yokoyama Hiroki , Iseki Kunitoshi , Araki Shinichi , Ninomiya Toshiharu , Hara Shigeko , Suzuki Yoshiki , Iwano Masayuki , Kusano Eiji , Moriya Tatsumi , Satoh Hiroaki , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Makino Hirofumi , Wada Takashi
Published: February 2023

Background

This study investigated the sex differences in the risk of end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) and mortality, as well as the effect modification of sex on associated factors in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

This multicenter observational cohort study included 4328 patients with type 2 diabetes. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of sex for ESKD and death were estimated using Cox proportional regression with adjustment for baseline covariates. For assessing risk modification, HRs and incidence rates for ESKD and death were compared between sexes across patient characteristics using Cox proportional and Poisson regression models.

Results

During a median follow‐up of 7 years, 276 patients (70% men) developed ESKD, and 241 patients (68% men) died. Men had higher risks of ESKD (HR 1.34; 95% CI 1.02–1.75; p = .034) and death (HR 1.64; 95% CI 1.24–2.16; p = .001) versus women after adjusting for multiple covariates. Among patients with microalbuminuria, men had a substantially higher risk of ESKD versus women, compared to those with normo‐ and macroalbuminuria (p for interaction .04). Incidence rates were also increased in men versus women with albuminuria of around 300 mg/g. No differences were detected in the association of sex and death across baseline patient subgroups.

Conclusions

In type 2 diabetes, men had an increased risk of ESKD and death versus women. Moderately increased albuminuria was strongly associated with sex difference in developing ESKD.
Telemental health in emergency care settings: A qualitative analysis of considerations for sustainability and spread
Authors: Roddy McKenzie K. , Chen Patricia , Jeffery Alvin D. , Gutierrez Jeydith , Rubenstein Melissa , Campbell Corey , Blake Eric , Ward Michael J.
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Following rapid uptake of telehealth during the COVID‐19 pandemic, we examined barriers and facilitators for sustainability and spread of telemental health video (TMH‐V) as policies regarding precautions from the pandemic waned.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative study using semistructured interviews and observations guided by RE‐AIM. We asked four groups, local clinicians, facility leadership, Veterans, and external partners, about barriers and facilitators impacting patient willingness to engage in TMH‐V (reach), quality of care (effectiveness), barriers and facilitators impacting provider uptake (adoption), possible adaptations to TMH‐V (implementation), and possibilities for long‐term use of TMH‐V (maintenance). Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using framework analysis. We also observed TMH‐V encounters in one emergency department (ED) and one urgent care (UC) to understand how clinicians and Veterans engaged with the technology.

Results

We conducted 35 interviews with ED/UC clinicians and staff (n = 10), clinical and facility leadership (n = 7), Veterans (n = 5), and external partners (n = 13), January–May 2022. We completed 10 observations. All interviewees were satisfied with the TMH‐V program, and interviewees highlighted increased comfort discussing difficult topics for Veterans (reach). Clinicians identified that TMH‐V allowed for cross‐coverage across sites as well as increased safety and flexibility for clinicians (adoption). Opportunities for improvement include alleviating technological burdens for on‐site staff, electronic health record (EHR) modifications to accurately capture workload and modality (telehealth vs. in‐person), and standardizing protocols to streamline communication between on‐site and remote clinical staff (implementation). Finally, interviewees encouraged its spread (maintenance) and thought there was great potential for service expansion.

Conclusions

Interviewees expressed support for continuing TMH‐V locally and spread to other sites. Ensuring adequate infrastructure (e.g., EHR integration and technology support) and workforce capacity are key for successful spread. Given the shortage of mental health (MH) clinicians in rural settings, TMH‐V represents a promising intervention to increase the access to high‐quality emergency MH care.
Unpacking the relation between morphological awareness and reading comprehension in Chinese children
Authors: Wang Zhenliang , Xie Ruibo , Wu Xinchun , Xia Yue , Yu Yanling , Nguyen Thi Phuong , Cheng Zizhuo
Published: February 2023

Background and Aims

Morphological awareness is an essential ability for successful reading. This study aimed to explore the contribution of morphological awareness to reading comprehension (RC) in Chinese. Particularly, this study sought to determine whether the relation between morphological awareness and RC differs across various facets of morphological awareness (homophone awareness, homonym awareness, and compounding awareness), grades, or ability levels.

Samples and Methods

A total of 148 Chinese students were evaluated on a battery of tests from third to sixth grade. Multiple regression analyses were used to examine the unique roles of homophone, homonym, and compounding awareness on RC in different grades. Quantile regression analyses were conducted to investigate the more or less influences of facets of morphological awareness on RC across the ability range.

Results

A series of multiple and quantile regressions revealed that (1) compounding awareness rather than homophone awareness and homonym awareness, directly and uniquely explained the development of RC, (2) the effect of compounding awareness on RC increased with grade level, and (3) the contribution of compounding awareness to RC decreased as children move from poor to better readers.

Conclusions

The findings reveal a developmental shift in the relation between morphological awareness and RC, as well as clarify when and for whom to enhance which facet of morphological awareness is particularly important.
Hierarchies, classifications, cladograms and phylogeny
Authors: Brower Andrew V. Z.
Published: February 2023

Figure 18 of Hennig's Phylogenetic Systematics (University of Illinois Press, Urbana, IL, 1966) shows a phylogenetic tree (a generative hierarchy) and what appear to be nested sets (an inclusive hierarchy) that he stated were two representations of the same pattern of relationships. This essay questions whether this is correct or not, explores the meanings of different hierarchical patterns, reviews various interpretations of Hennig's figure, and discusses the conceptual path from systematic evidence to phylogenetic explanation. The crux of the argument is that systematic hierarchies as we know them scientifically are nested sets that group theoretical entities based on patterns of synapomorphy. The notions of phylogeny and common ancestry reflect this hierarchical pattern.
Global distribution and richness of terrestrial mammals in tidal marshes
Authors: Canepuccia Alejandro D. , Fanjul María Sol , Iribarne Oscar O.
Published: February 2023

Aim

Understanding the determinants of species distribution and richness is key to explaining global ecological patterns. We examined the current knowledge about terrestrial mammals in tidal marshes and evaluated whether species richness increased with the marsh surface area and/or with their proximity to the equator and whether species distribution ranges decreased with latitude.

Location

Global.

Methods

We reviewed the existing literature on terrestrial mammals in tidal marshes. We examined their ecological characteristics (e.g. habitat specialists, native or alien), predicted their variation in species richness and range size along latitude, and explored factors, such as surface area, underlying the global patterns found.

Results

We found 962 records, describing 125 mammalian species using tidal marshes worldwide, also including several alien species. Most species (95%) were not marsh specialized, and some (18%) were of conservation concern. There were information gaps in South America, Africa, Australia and Asia, and a lack of information about mammalian ecological roles worldwide. We found that species richness increased with surface area, and showed a bimodal pattern peaked between 40° and 50° latitude in each hemisphere. We found no relationship between latitude and species range size.

Main conclusions

Our worldwide findings revealed a broader range of tidal marshes inhabited by terrestrial mammals, and higher values of species richness than previously reported. The bimodal pattern of species richness was consistent with the species–area hypothesis, but it also suggested that further studies of species distribution in relation to historical and environmental factors will yield significant insights about variables driving richness in tidal marshes. Despite terrestrial mammal ubiquitous distribution in these ecosystems, there are considerable geographic gaps as regards knowledge about their functional importance and the impact of alien species on tidal marsh functioning. Consequently, extending our research efforts is key to planning the conservation of these coastal ecosystems.
Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers reflective of cardiac remodelling in diabetes mellitus: A scoping review
Authors: Chhor Michael , Law William , Pavlovic Milan , Aksentijevic Dunja , McGrath Kristine , McClements Lana
Published: February 2023

Aims

The aim of this scoping review is to evaluate the current biomarkers used in the assessment of adverse cardiac remodelling in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) and in the diagnosis and prognosis of subsequent cardiovascular disease. We aim to discuss the biomarkers' pathophysiological roles as a reflection of the cardiac remodelling mechanisms in the presence of DM.

Methods

We performed the literature search to include studies from 2003 to 2021 using the following databases: MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane library. Articles that met our inclusion criteria were screened and appraised before being included in this review. The PRISMA guidelines for Scoping Reviews were followed.

Results

Our literature search identified a total of 43 eligible articles, which were included in this scoping review. We identified 15 different biomarkers, each described by at least two studies, that were used to determine signs of cardiac remodelling in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and people with DM. NT‐proBNP was identified as the most frequently employed biomarker in this context; however, we also identified emerging biomarkers including hs‐CRP, hs‐cTnT, and Galectin‐3.

Conclusion

There is a complex relationship between DM and cardiovascular health, where more research is needed. Current biomarkers reflective of adverse cardiac remodelling in DM are often used to diagnose other CVDs, such as NT‐proBNP for heart failure. Hence there is a need for identification of specific biomarkers that can detect early signs of cardiac remodelling in the presence of DM. Further research into these biomarkers and mechanisms can deepen our understanding of their role in DM‐associated CVD and lead to better preventative therapies.
Fatigue life of unidirectional 90° carbon/epoxy laminates made of conventional and ultra‐thin plies varying manufacturing and testing conditions
Authors: Sánchez‐Carmona Serafín , Correa Elena , Barroso Alberto , París Federico
Published: February 2023

Unidirectional 90° laminates (UD‐90) have been tested under tension–tension loading (R = 0.1) to comprehend the effect of different conditions on their fatigue life. Four different case studies have been evaluated: the existence of porosity using two different UD‐90 laminates cured at different pressures in an autoclave, the importance of the surface finishing when a pressure plate is used, the effect of load frequency, and the relevance of the prepreg thickness comparing 190 and 50 g/m2 prepregs while keeping the total thickness of the laminates constant. All these case studies have been analyzed employing S–N curves as the starting point of the authors' current research for the prediction of the onset of transverse damages in ultra‐thin plies in the assessment of different cross‐ply laminates under cyclic loading.
The role of loading mode on the property degradation of adhesives at high temperatures
Authors: de Castro Lopes F. V. B. , Akhavan‐Safar A. , Carbas R. J. C. , Marque E. A. S. , Goyal R. , Jennings J. , da Silva L. F. M.
Published: February 2023

Despite existing studies on the effects of temperature on the behavior of bonded joints, the role of loading mode and test type (strength, fatigue, and fracture tests) on the rate of degradation of adhesive/joint properties at high temperatures has not been adequately investigated. The aim of the current study is to determine if adhesives experience the same rate of degradation at high temperature when they are subjected to different mode mixities. To do so, an epoxy adhesive was subjected to strength, fracture, and S–N fatigue tests, for modes I and II, at different temperatures. The results show that there is a significant difference between the rate of degradation in mode I/tensile and mode II/shear loading conditions. It was also found that the rate of degradation in adhesive properties is a function of test type. Based on the results, by increasing the temperature, a less reduction in tensile strength was found in the Arcan joints (almost 50% reduction) compared with the dogbone specimen (where the strength was reduced by less than 40%). According to the results, for all the considered tests, temperature sensitivity was more noticeable in tensile loading conditions compared with the shear mode. It is shown that despite the reduction in tensile fracture energy with temperature (by around 23%), the shear fracture energy was improved (by over 20%) at 50°C. Based on these results, an S–N model was also developed to create a master S–N curve, plotted as a function of temperature.
The ‘contract’ and its discontents: Can it address protection gaps for migrant agricultural workers in Canada?
Authors: Basok Tanya , Tucker Eric M. , Vosko Leah F. , Caxaj C. Susana , Hennebry Jenna L. , Mayell Stephanie , McLaughlin Janet , Weiler Anelyse M.
Published: February 2023

Canada's Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program has often been portrayed as a model for temporary migration programmes. It is largely governed by the Contracts negotiated between Canada and Mexico and Commonwealth Caribbean countries respectively. This article provides a critical analysis of the Contract by examining its structural context and considers the possibilities and limitations for ameliorating it. It outlines formal recommendations that the article co‐authors presented during the annual Contract negotiations between Canada and sending states in 2020. The article then explains why these recommendations were not accepted, situating the negotiation process within the structural context that produces migrant workers' vulnerability, on the one hand, and limits the capacity of representatives of sending and receiving states to expand rights and offer stronger protections to migrant farmworkers, on the other hand. We argue that fundamental changes are required to address the vulnerability of migrant agricultural workers. In the absence of structural changes, it is nevertheless important to seek improvements in the regulation of the programme through any means possible, including strengthening the Contract.
The impact of a new intervention for venous leg ulcers: A within‐patient controlled trial
Authors: Bull Richard Hillson , Clements Donna , Collarte Agnes Juguilon , Harding Keith Gordon
Published: February 2023

A major obstacle to the development of new treatments for venous leg ulcers is the difficulty in generating evidence for their effectiveness. Randomised controlled trials using complete healing as the endpoint are seldom powered to be successful, owing to the heterogeneity of cohorts. A novel approach to the evaluation of treatments is presented, using a self‐controlled trial model and two metrics of short‐term healing rate as alternate endpoints: rate of wound margin advance, and percentage area reduction over 4 weeks. Two different treatment regimens are compared: multi‐layer compression alone, versus multi‐layer compression combined with activation of the venous leg pump by neuromuscular stimulation. With 60 patients, adding neuromuscular stimulation to multilayer compression resulted in a significant two‐fold increase in the rate of wound healing over a 4‐week period, both in terms of wound margin advance and in terms of percentage area reduction. The use of these short‐term intermediate endpoint metrics together with a self‐controlled study design offers potential for distinguishing between the relative efficacies of interventions more rapidly, with greater sensitivity, and with fewer subjects than a conventional RCT cohort model.
Surface and subsurface alterations in freshly fractured and corroded soda‐lime float glass
Authors: Mishra Vipin , Gedeon Ondrej , Gavenda Tadeáš
Published: February 2023

We have investigated the corrosion behavior of the soda‐lime silicate float glass on freshly created active surfaces. The process of ion diffusion and ion exchange during surface corrosion is explained at the initial stages. We have reported a unique subsurface activity in the glass, which achieves equilibrium. This varies at the subsurface depth level of ≈ 10–30 nm and is visible as a broad peak in the elemental depth profile. The prolonged corrosion and heating process assists surface relaxation of the glass samples. We have observed the formation of active nucleation sites for the corrosion process on the surface. In this study, we report that the sodium ions and its corrosion compounds are decoupled from other metal ions present in the glass during diffusion relaxation and ion exchange. A combination of time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) microanalysis help to explain the evolution and quantify the changes at the initial stages in the freshly formed glass surface.
Educational challenges for 22q11.2 deletion syndrome in Japan: Findings from a mixed methods survey
Authors: Tanaka Miho , Kanehara Akiko , Morishima Ryo , Kumakura Yousuke , Okouchi Noriko , Nakajima Naomi , Hamada Junko , Ogawa Tomoko , Tamune Hidetaka , Nakahara Mutsumi , Jinde Seiichiro , Kano Yukiko , Kasai Kiyoto
Published: February 2023

Background

The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is characterised by a changing pattern of overlapping intellectual, physical, and mental disabilities along the course of one's life. However, the impact of overlapping disorders (multimorbidity) on educational challenges remains unclear.

Method

A survey was conducted with 88 caregivers of individuals with 22q11DS. A quantitative analysis of educational challenges and support needs divided into age groups (7–12, 13–15, 16–18, and 19 years and over) and a qualitative analysis of the free‐text items in the questionnaire was conducted.

Results

Caregivers were more interested in comprehensive developmental support when their children were younger, and the emphasis shifted to concerns regarding environments that matched individual characteristics at older ages. Furthermore, when there are multiple disabilities or disorders, support is concentrated on the more obvious disabilities, and the lack of support for the less superficially obvious disabilities associated with multiple difficulties, including mental health problems, can be a challenge for people with 22q11DS and their families.

Conclusions

This study suggests a need for increased focus on multimorbidity and associated disabilities in school education that are difficult to observe because of their mildness or borderline levels if present alone.
Ultrasound‐guided vascular access for CIED implantation: A step‐by‐step guide
Authors: Salcedo Jonathan
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Vascular access is required for most cardiac electrophysiology procedures. Over the past 2 decades, ultrasound guidance has increased in utilization as the primary method for assisting operators in gaining access to cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation.

Methods

Ultrasound guidance using a technique that includes both short‐axis and long‐axis views combined with a twisting needle motion after maximal tenting provides an extremely safe and reproducible technique for vascular access for all CIED procedures.

Results and Conclusions

In this manuscript and accompanying videos, a step‐by‐step guide is explained for optimal ultrasound‐guided visualization and needle maneuver technique to maximize safety and efficiency for vascular access in all CIED procedures.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the diagnosis of cutaneous melanomas: A retrospective cohort study from five European skin cancer reference centres
Authors: Troesch Alexander , Hoellwerth Magdalena , Forchhammer Stephan , Del Regno Laura , Lodde Georg , Turko Patrick , Cheng Phil F. , Levesque Mitchell L. , Hadaschik Eva , Livingstone Elisabeth , Peris Ketty , Flatz Lukas , Koelblinger Peter , Dummer Reinhard , Dimitriou Florentia
Published: February 2023

Background

The COVID‐19 lockdown had a dramatic impact on primary care access and resulted in postponed skin cancer screenings. This raises concerns for a diagnostic delay on primary cutaneous melanomas, which can subsequently increase morbidity and mortality.

Objectives

The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of the COVID‐19‐related restrictions on the melanoma diagnosis in five European skin cancer reference centres in Switzerland, Germany, Austria and Italy.

Methods

A total of 7865 cutaneous melanoma cases were collected between 01 September 2018 and 31 August 2021. The time period was stratified into pre‐COVID (pre‐lockdown) and post‐COVID (lockdown and post‐lockdown) according to the established restrictions in each country. The data collection included demographic, clinical and histopathological data from histologically confirmed cutaneous melanomas. Personal and family history of melanoma, and presence of immunosuppression were used to assess the diagnosis delay in high‐risk individuals.

Results

There was an overall increase of the Breslow tumour thickness (mean 1.25 mm vs. 1.02 mm) during the post‐COVID period, as well as an increase in the proportion of T3‐T4 melanomas, rates of ulceration and the number of mitotic rates ≥2 (all, p < 0.001). Patients with immunosuppression and personal history of melanoma showed a decrease in the mean log10‐transformed Breslow during lockdown and post‐COVID. In the multivariate analysis, age at melanoma diagnosis (p < 0.01) and personal history of melanoma (p < 0.01) showed significant differences in the mean Breslow thickness.

Conclusions

The study confirms the diagnostic delay in cutaneous melanomas due to the COVID‐19 lockdown. High‐risk individuals, such as patients with personal history of melanoma and elderly individuals, were more hesitant to restart their regular skin cancer screenings post‐COVID. Further studies with longer follow‐up are required to evaluate the consequences of this diagnostic delay in long‐term outcomes.
Laser treatment of infantile hemangioma
Authors: Khamaysi Ziad , Jiryis Badea , Zoabi Roaa , Avitan‐Hersh Emily
Published: February 2023

Back grounds and objective

Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are common benign tumors of infancy. Most IH either involute spontaneously or respond to treatment with systemic Beta‐ blockers, but unfortunately not in all cases. In poor responses or in cases of contra indications for pharmacological treatment, laser treatment poses a very good solution.

Methods

As a search strategy and study selection we searched the MEDLINE database via PubMed starting 1982 to June 2022 using a key terms related to interventions for IH (e.g., infantile hemangioma, laser, Beta blockers).

Results

In this article, we reviewed the published data regarding the use of energy‐based devices in treatment of children with IH, and noted our experience over the course of treating dozens of cases over the years.

Conclusion

There are many laser systems used for the treatment of hemangioma and vascular tumors. These laser systems are of different wavelengths and penetration depths, however, they operate by similar mechanisms and in some cases two or more lasers can be applied during the course of treating these lesions.
Metaphysics as Prayer: Introducing Ferdinand Ulrich
Authors: SCHINDLER D. C.
Published: February 2023

Adapting Hegel's division of poetry into the three modes, epic, lyric, and drama, Hans Urs von Balthasar characterized his own distinctive approach to theology as “dramatic,” indicating by that term an integration of the objective, conceptual dimension of the epic mode and the subjective, existential dimension of the lyric mode. This essay proposes that the German thinker Ferdinand Ulrich (1931‐2020), friend of Balthasar, achieves something analogous in philosophy: an “onto‐drama,” which integrates metaphysics and prayer. The principal aim of this essay is to introduce Ulrich to a wider audience by presenting the basic themes of his 1973 book, Prayer as the Fundamental Act of the Creature. Using Emmanuel Levinas's text “Philosophy and the Idea of Infinity” as a foil in order to bring out the distinctive features of Ulrich's thought, this essay argues for the essential interdependence of the encounter with God and meditative reflection on the question of being, an interdependence that is played out as a drama right at the heart of personal identity.
The potato StMKK5‐StSIPK module enhances resistance to Phytophthora pathogens through activating the salicylic acid and ethylene signalling pathways
Authors: Yang Hui , Chen Xiaokang , Yang Ruixin , Cheng Jing , Chen Yong , Joosten Matthieu H. A. J. , Du Yu
Published: February 2023

Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play pivotal roles in plant responses to both biotic and abiotic stress. A screen of a Nicotiana benthamiana cDNA virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) library for altered plant responses to inoculation with Phytophthora infestans previously identified an NbMKK gene, encoding a clade D MAPKK that we renamed as NbMKK5, which is involved in immunity to P. infestans. To study the role of the potato orthologous gene, referred to as StMKK5, in the response to P. infestans, we transiently overexpressed StMKK5 in N. benthamiana and observed that cell death occurred at 2 days postinfiltration. Silencing of the highly conserved eukaryotic protein SGT1 delayed the StMKK5‐induced cell death, whereas silencing of the MAPK‐encoding gene NbSIPK completely abolished the cell death response. Further investigations showed that StMKK5 interacts with, and directly phosphorylates, StSIPK. Furthermore, both StMKK5 and StSIPK trigger salicylic acid (SA)‐ and ethylene (Eth)‐related gene expression, and co‐expression of the salicylate hydroxylase NahG with the negative regulator of Eth signalling CTR1 hampers StSIPK‐triggered cell death. This observation indicates that the cell death triggered by StMKK5‐StSIPK is dependent on the combination of SA‐ and Eth‐signalling. By introducing point mutations, we showed that the kinase activity of both StMKK5 and StSIPK is required for triggering cell death. Genetic analysis showed that StMKK5 depends on StSIPK to trigger plant resistance. Thus, our results define a potato StMKK5‐SIPK module that positively regulates immunity to P. infestans via activation of both the SA and Eth signalling pathways.
“There's a Lot You Can Do with It”: Anthropology Undergraduates Talk about Their Professional Futures
Authors: Nortman Colette A. , Kitchin Maria , Kvitek Victoria L. , Roberts William , Hunter Gina
Published: February 2023

What do anthropology students think about their professional future? In what ways does the study of anthropology provide competencies or skills that will be useful in the workplace? Research fellows from Illinois State University, Indiana University, and St. Mary's College of Maryland conducted individual interviews, focus groups, or surveys of alumni or graduating seniors to examine narratives about the perceived usefulness of anthropology in securing and sustaining professional employment. Employing the metaphor of an “inverted funnel” shows that while an undergraduate anthropology major may appeal to a smaller range of the overall student population, hence the narrow end of a funnel, their education instills broad and critical thinking about issues, an appreciation for and ability to relate to human cultural and social diversity, and an empathic orientation to understand individual diversity. Thus, anthropology undergraduates successfully carve out job niches over a wide range of economic sectors and professions that are represented by the broad end of the inverted funnel.
Ground nesting in passerine birds: evolution, biogeography and life history correlates
Authors: Minias Piotr , Janiszewski Tomasz
Published: February 2023

Nest location is one of the key components of avian reproduction and sharp transitions between different nest location strategies may have profound ecological and evolutionary consequences. Here, we used a phylogenetically‐informed comparative framework to reconstruct the evolution of ground nesting behaviour in passerine birds, quantify its biogeographical and habitat variation, and test for its associations with life history traits. Our dataset comprised over 1600 species distributed worldwide and representing ca 90% of all extant passerine families. Our analyses revealed a scattered phylogenetic distribution and moderate phylogenetic signal in the occurrence of ground nesting in passerines. We also found relatively high forward and backward transitions rates between character states of ground and non‐ground nesting, indicating strong evolutionary lability. Non‐ground nesting was identified as a likely ancestral state at the root of passerine phylogeny. Occurrence of ground nesting was clearly associated with habitat variation, as open habitats generally supported greater proportion of ground nesting species than non‐open habitats (forests). Within the major habitat categories we found greater proportion of ground nesters in boreal and temperate than subtropical and tropical zones. This reflected a general latitudinal gradient in the occurrence of ground nesting, with higher proportion of ground nesting species at higher latitudes (especially at the northern hemisphere). Ground nesting was also associated with fast life histories, as ground nesters had larger clutches, shorter incubation periods and faster chick development rates than non‐ground nesters. This variation was possibly driven by higher predation rates on nestlings and adult birds in ground nesting species. Our study lays a foundation for a comprehensive understanding of mechanisms and processes that have driven macroevolution of ground nesting behaviour in the most species‐rich extant avian lineage.
Long‐Term Survival and Predictors of Failure of Opening Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy
Authors: Guarino Amedeo , Farinelli Luca , Iacono Venanzio , Cozzolino Andrea , Natali Simone , Zorzi Claudio , Mariconda Massimo
Published: February 2023

Objective

High tibial valgus osteotomy (HTO) is a widely accepted procedure indicated for varus knee with symptomatic osteoarthritis of the medial compartment. However, there is a lack of studies evaluating long term results of this procedure. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the long‐term survival of opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) for isolated osteoarthritis in the medial compartment of the knee. The secondary objective was to identify independent predictors of conversion to total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods

This is a long term retrospective study of 296 cases of open wedge HTOs performed at a single center (level of evidence IV) between January 2005 and August 2015. Opening wedge medial HTO was always performed after diagnostic arthroscopy. Eighty‐three percent of the population (233 patients, 247 procedures) was followed up at a mean 11.6 years (6–17) by telephone interview, to evaluate the possible conversion to TKA. Mean age at the index operation was 42.8 years (range 15–70) and most patients were male (70%). Associated procedures (e.g., platelet rich plasma supplementation, microfractures, meniscectomy, etc.) were carried out at the time of the HTO in 80 (32%) cases. Survival of HTO and its association with age, sex, body mass index, smoking habit, preoperative severity of varus deformity, cartilage status at surgery, and associated procedures were evaluated. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed.

Results

Thirty‐three of the 247 HTOs (13.4%) were converted to knee replacement, with 86.6% of the original procedures surviving at a mean 12‐year follow‐up. Kaplan–Meier survival estimates at 17 years for HTO were 75.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 66.7–84.3). There was significant difference (P < 0.001) in the 17‐year survival rate between obese (55.5%; 95% CI 35.3–75.6) and non‐obese (79.7%; 95% CI 70.1–89.2) patients. The determinants of conversion to knee arthroplasty detected at multivariate Cox regression analysis were body mass index, severity of cartilage degeneration in the medial compartment (Outerbridge grade), and age.

Conclusion

The long‐term survival of open wedge HTO for osteoarthritis in the medial compartment of the knee is satisfactory. The risk of conversion to TKA is significantly increased in obese patients. Advanced age and severity of pre‐existing cartilage damage may also contribute to the risk of conversion to TKA.
Establishing conversion of the 16‐item Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly scores into interval‐level data across multiple samples using Rasch methodology
Authors: Truong Quoc Cuong , Numbers Katya , Choo Carol C. , Bentvelzen Adam C. , Catts Vibeke S. , Cervin Matti , Jorm Anthony F. , Kochan Nicole A. , Brodaty Henry , Sachdev Perminder S. , Medvedev Oleg N.
Published: February 2023

Background

The 16‐item Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE‐16) is a well‐validated and widely‐used measure of cognitive changes (CCs) among older adults. This study aimed to use Rasch methodology to establish psychometric properties of the IQCODE‐16 and validate the existing ordinal‐to‐interval transformation algorithms across multiple large samples.

Methods

A Partial Credit Rasch model was employed to examine psychometric properties of the IQCODE‐16 using data (n = 918) from two longitudinal studies of participants aged 57–99 years: the Older Australian Twins Study (n = 450) and the Canberra Longitudinal Study (n = 468), and reusing the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study (MAS) sample (n = 400).

Results

Initial analyses indicated good reliability for the IQCODE‐16 (Person Separation Index range: 0.82–0.90). However, local dependency was identified between items, with several items showing misfit to the model. Replicating the existing Rasch solution could not reproduce the best Rasch model fit for all samples. Combining locally dependent items into three testlets resolved all misfit and local dependency issues and resulted in the best Rasch model fit for all samples with evidence of unidimensionality, strong reliability, and invariance across person factors. Accordingly, new ordinal‐to‐interval transformation algorithms were produced to convert the IQCODE‐16 ordinal scores into interval data to improve the accuracy of its scores.

Conclusions

The findings of this study support the reliability and validity of the IQCODE‐16 in measuring CCs among older adults. New ordinal‐to‐interval conversion tables generated using samples from multiple independent datasets are more generalizable and can be used to enhance the precision of the IQCODE‐16 without changing its original format. An easy‐to‐use converter has been made available for clinical and research use.