bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Roots and right factors of polynomials and left eigenvalues of matrices over Cayley-Dickson algebras
Authors: Chapman Adam , Vishkautsan Solomon
Published: April 2024

Over a composition algebra $A$, a polynomial $f(x) \in A[x]$ has a root
$\alpha$ if and only $f(x)=g(x)\cdot (x-\alpha)$ for some $g(x) \in A[x]$. We
examine whether this is true for general Cayley-Dickson algebras. The
conclusion is that it is when $f(x)$ is linear or monic quadratic, but it is
false in general. Similar questions about the connections between $f$ and its
companion $C_f(x)=f(x)\cdot \overline{f(x)}$ are studied. Finally, we compute
the left eigenvalues of $2\times 2$ octonion matrices.
A Comprehensive Review of Phishing Attacks Techniques, Types and Solutions
Authors: Mustafa A Syed , PN Baby , N Divyashree , Fathima Iffath , Fathima Javeria
Published: April 2024

Phishing attacks continue to pose significant threats to individuals, businesses, and organizations worldwide. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of phishing attacks, focusing on their techniques, and highlighting their methods, consequences, and strategies for prevention. Through an extensive analysis of existing literature, this review aims to provide insights into the evolving nature of phishing attacks and effective strategies for detection, prevention, and mitigation. Scammers employ phishing, a con game, to get personal information from unwary users. False emails can have a startlingly authentic appearance, and even websites requesting personal information from consumers may seem genuine. Phishing is like lake fishing; however, instead of aiming to catch fish, phishers strive to obtain personal data. This article provides readers with a quick overview of phishing, its assaults, and precautions they may take to protect their private information. Phishing is an ever-expanding cyber threat that costs internet users billions of dollars in damages annually. It is an illegal operation that gathers private information from Internet users by using social engineering and other technologies.
Digital Tracks: Investigating the Integration of IoT in Modern Public Transport
Authors: T.Murali Krishna  , Dr. N. Vasantha Gowri  , Dr G.Suresh babu  , K. Krishnaveni
Published: April 2024

The use of the Internet of Things in public transportation has fundamentally changed how we engage with and utilize transportation systems. IoT incorporates sensors, communication devices, and data analytics into vehicles and infrastructure to improve the effectiveness, safety, and convenience of public transport for passengers and service providers. This overview discusses the different uses of IoT in public transport such as real-time vehicle tracking, predictive maintenance, intelligent ticketing systems, and passenger safety features. It also evaluates the difficulties and possibilities linked with the widespread implementation of IoT in this sector while providing perspectives on the future development of connected urban mobility.
The Past Decade of Diagnostic Radiology in Singapore: How Much Progress Have We Really Made?
Authors: Peh W C G
Published: April 2024

It has been 10 years since the first ever issue of Annals dedicated to “Radiology” was published in Volume 22 No. 5 September 1993. Keeping in mind the tremendous growth in the development and applications of Imaging for both Diagnosis and Intervention, this second theme issue is long overdue.
Non-consensual Double Reading in the Singapore Breast Screening Project: Benefits and Limitations
Authors: Kwek B H , Lau T N , Ng F C , Gao F
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The aims of this study were to assess the efficacy of non-consensual double reading (against single reading) in the Singapore Breast Screening Project (SBSP) and to compare the benefits (increase in cancer detection) and limitations (increase in recall and biopsy) with published data.

Materials and Methods: The data from the SBSP was retrospectively analysed and the recommendations of the first and second readers were evaluated separately with regards to rate of recall, biopsy and cancer detection. The mean second screener contribution (MSSC) was also calculated for double reading.

Results: In the SBSP, double reading detected 7 additional cancers (5.2% of cancers detected) compared with single reading and the MSCC was 5.5%. Double reading also resulted in 632 additional recalls, with a decrease in the positive predictive value (PPV) of cancer in the recalled women from 8.2% for single reading to 6.1% for double reading. An additional 30 biopsies were performed with double reading which represented a small decrease in PPV (41% compared to 42.9% for single reading).

Conclusion: In the SBSP, non-consensual double reading (compared to single reading) resulted in a modest increase in cancer detection (MSSC, 5.5%) with a modest decrease in PPV of recall (2.1%) and biopsy (1.9%). These findings were consistent with that of published data and non-consensual double reading is thus recommended.
Preoperative High Resolution CT and MR Imaging in Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Abdullah A , Mahmud M R , Maimunah A , Zulfiqar M A , Saim L , Mazlan R
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Accurate preoperative imaging of the temporal bone in patients receiving cochlear implants is important. High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are the 2 preoperative imaging modalities that provide critical information on abnormalities of the otic capsule, pneumatisation of the mastoid, middle ear abnormalities, cochlear ducts patency and presence of cochlear nerve.

Materials and Methods: The HRCT and MR imaging in 46 cochlear implant patients in our department were reviewed.

Results: Majority of our patients [34 patients (73.9%)] showed normal HRCT of the temporal bone; 5 (10.9%) patients had labyrinthitis ossificans, 2 (4.3%) had Mondini’s abnormality and 2 (4.3%) had middle ear effusion. One patient each had high jugular bulb, hypoplasia of the internal auditory canal and single cochlear cavity, respectively.

Conclusion: The above findings contribute significantly to our surgical decisions regarding candidacy for surgery, side selection and surgical technique in cochlear implantation.
Labor Inspection Mechanism for the Implementation of Labor Norms in the Workplace
Authors:   Faculty of Law, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang 50275, Indonesia, Ramdan Muhammad
Published: April 2024

Workers and employers in carrying out employment relations must comply with labor norms which consist of work norms and occupational safety and health norms. Implementation of labor norms in the workplace requires the role of labor inspectors in carrying out supervision. The formulation of the problem in this research is what is the Labor Inspection mechanism for the Implementation of Labor Norms in the Workplace? This research is a type of normative legal research with a statutory approach, data collection through library research, and data analysis carried out descriptively. Labor inspections regarding the implementation of Labor Norms in the workplace are carried out by labor inspectors under the authority granted by Article 176 of Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Employment. Labor inspectors carry out labor inspection mechanisms for the implementation of Labor Norms under the provisions of Article 4 to Article 51 of the Regulation of the Minister of Manpower of the Republic of Indonesia Number 33 of 2016 which consists of the planning stage, implementation stage and reporting stage.
Collaborative Governance in Efforts to Protect Indonesian Migrant Workers
Authors:   Doctor of Public Administration, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang-Indonesia, Eko Putro Warsito
Published: April 2024

The issue of protecting Indonesian migrant workers is currently still completely dominated by the government's role in handling it. There is no involvement of non-governmental elements to synergize with each other. Apart from that, the protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers only focuses on Indonesian Migrant Workers who experience problems and has not yet touched on the realm of prevention or preventative action. This research will analyze and identify obstacles and supporting factors in collaborative governance in the context of protecting Indonesian Migrant Workers. Apart from that, it is also reviewing and constructing a collaborative governance model in order to handle the protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers more appropriately. The method used in this research uses ethnographic qualitative methods. Collaborative governance in the protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers can be studied comprehensively in terms of initial conditions, institutional design, leadership and collaboration processes. So it is important to carry out more in-depth research into existing phenomena from a collaborative governance perspective. The research method used by the researcher is a qualitative approach by conducting interviews with all informants related to Indonesian Migrant Worker affairs. The results of this research found that collaborative governance in protecting Indonesian Migrant Workers has not gone well, because of the presence of actors who have economic and political interests. Apart from that, cooperation that is not yet optimal and not in harmony is characterized by a lack of involvement of non-government stakeholders in the collaboration process.
Women’s participation, challenges and problems encountered in major fish markets during the COVID-19 pandemic in Davao, Philippines
Authors: Macusi Erna S. , Nallos Ivy M. , Canales Charlen Mae G. , Bersaldo Michael Jeriel I. , Macusi Edison D.
Published: April 2024

Women fish vendors actively participate in the fishery sector but they face various challenges regarding their financial capital and opportunities. There is a power imbalance within the market as men seem to dominate and women hold no power or voice to protect their rights. This study provides valuable insights regarding the perceptions and experiences of these women in the Davao region, by not only focusing on the role of women in fisheries and major fish markets in Mindanao, Philippines, but also on their contribution and the challenges they meet. We have conducted semi-structured field interviews with women fish vendors (n = 99) and in-depth follow-up interviews to validate the results (n = 80). Among respondents, 90% in Tagum, 80% in Panabo, and 75% in Davao City were vendors who did not own their stalls. Despite women’s active involvement in fish trading activities such as fish vending, fish brokering, and financing in the market, many of them do not have stalls on their own. It was found that women participate in the fish marketing sector because they received previous training from family members involved in the business (29%), or they wanted a well-paying job (19%), or it was their only economic opportunity (14%). Another reason was profitability (9%) to support their families (9%) and children (8%). Common problems encountered by women in the fish market included a decline in customers (40%), work exhaustion due to the combination of their market and domestic duties (14%), and rude customers and employers (10%). In addition, women also reported challenges regarding mobile vendors (9%), low fish prices (8%), and not having access to financial credit (8%). Many of the women support their husbands by providing additional income for their families. Overall, women fish vendors play a critical role in the local economy of their villages and families. This implies that greater support is needed for women to have financial access to fishing businesses and become beneficiaries of training and livelihood development programs while helping their families overcome food insecurity and poverty.
Asymmetric Effects of Oil Price Volatility on Government Expenditure in Oil-Importing African Countries: Evidence from Zambia
Authors:   School of Postgraduate Studies, University of Lusaka, Lusaka, Zambia, Z Chundama Stephen
Published: April 2024

This paper examines the impact of disaggregated oil price shocks the government expenditure in oil-importing African countries using the case of Zambia. The analysis utilizes a“Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) Model” to evaluate the short-run effects, while a “Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) is employed to analyze the relationship over the long-run. Results of the short-run analysis reveal a notable positive influence of oil price shocks”on government expenditure that emanates from global aggregate and precautionary demand factors. The aforementioned results are clarified by the effects that increased global aggregate demand has on copper priсes, which in turn influences government revenue derived from taxes. Additionally, the transmission of “financial contagion and volatility spillovers” from the οil to the copper market clarifies the influence of precautionary demand on government expenditure. The findings obtained from the VECM indicate that global aggregate demand has positive effects on public sector spending in the long run. Additionally, the analysis demonstrates that the rate at which public sector spending recovers to its equilibrium level after a temporary deviation is both monotonic and statistically significant. Moreover, among the three categories of οil priсe hikes, Forecast Error Variance Decomposition analysis reveals that shocks related to precautionary demand have the most significant impact, accounting for 11.7% of the observed variation in public sector spending.
Os malefícios do diagnóstico tardio de hidrocefalia
Authors: De Almeida Amanda Medeiros , De Carvalho Tavares Silva Thais , Marques Lana Braullia
Published: April 2024

A hidrocefalia é o acúmulo excessivo do líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR), proveniente da reabsorção inadequada ou do desequilíbrio de sua produção, resultando na dilatação das cavidades ventriculares. Esse excesso de LCR comprime o cérebro contra o crânio, causando o aumento da pressão intracraniana, que é potencialmente prejudicial aos tecidos cerebrais, sendo uma condição crônica associada a muitas comorbidades e a uma alta mortalidade. A metodologia utilizada para o este trabalho foi de relato de caso clínico, a partir da análise retrospectiva em prontuário médico, associado a exames complementares e relato dos pais, com posterior pesquisa em livros acadêmicos com a temática e nos bancos de dados PubMed e Scielo. O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever um caso de hidrocefalia neonatal e, consequentemente, esclarecer e conscientizar a comunidade acadêmica sobre os malefícios do diagnóstico tardio de hidrocefalia.
Intoxicação por Nafazolina na Pediatria
Authors: Santos Bastos Rodrigo , De Souza Gonzaga Lucas , Rodrigues da Costa Luciano
Published: April 2024

Introdução: A congestão nasal é comum em diversas patologias que acometem a população pediátrica. A automedicação com descongestionantes, entre eles a nafazolina, possui elevado risco de intoxicação nessa faixa etária podendo gerar quadros graves nas unidades de pronto atendimento do País. Objetivo: Relatar um caso de intoxicação por nafazolina no pronto socorro pediátrico. Método: as informações foram obtidas por meio de revisão do prontuário, entrevista com o paciente, registro fotográfico dos métodos diagnósticos aos quais o paciente foi submetido e revisão da literatura. Considerações finais: o caso relatado e publicações levantadas trazem à luz a discussão da intoxicação por nafazolina na população pediátrica e evidenciam que devido a automedicação devido a fácil disponibilidade aumentam os riscos nessa faixa etária, de modo que o profissional de saúde deve manter um alto grau de suspeição para tomar condutas rápidas e acertadas frente aos casos de intoxicações.
Hipertrofia de pequenos lábios vaginais e sua abordagem na infância
Authors: Teixeira Simone , Huguenin Tassio , Barbosa da Cunha Raquel
Published: April 2024

A busca por procedimentos estéticos de correção vaginal externa, vem aumentando e dentre os motivos de procura por consulta ginecológica, destaca-se o desconforto funcional e estético. Quanto ao funcional, a presença de dismorfismos representa um elevado número de ninfoplastias. O estudo consiste no relato de caso, de uma paciente adolescente, sexo feminino, no ambulatório de ginecologia do sistema único de saúde, do município de Volta Redonda, estado do Rio de Janeiro. O acompanhamento decorre de três anos, devido a hipertrofia de pequenos lábios vaginal, e os dados foram obtidos no prontuário eletrônico. É de extrema relevância a observação das pacientes que ainda estão no processo da puberdade, a fim de que se previna a ocorrência de uma nova intervenção cirúrgica. Após esse período, o encaminhamento para ambulatório especializado em ninfoplastia, deve ser considerado, uma vez que o impacto na vida da paciente não é somente funcional, mas principalmente psicológico.
Aspectos Psicológicos Na Gestação
Authors: Becker Araujo Yasmin , Carreiro Alves Bruna , Domingues de Freitas Régia , Antônio Baptista Canavez João
Published: April 2024

A maternidade é vista por muitos como um momento em que a mulher se sente mais mulher, pois de fato, está gerando uma nova vida, entretanto, junto a este momento, algumas mulheres podem passar por sérias alterações psicológicas. Dessa forma, o presente estudo tem o objetivo de identificar aspectos psicológicos desenvolvidos durante a gestação e puerpério, incluindo o medo, ansiedade, mudança nos vínculos afetivos e depressão. O estudo foi realizado por meio de uma pesquisa de campo de abordagem quantitativa e exploratória, por meio de um questionário aplicado a gestantes do município de Volta Redonda – RJ e região, atendidas no Ambulatório de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia do Centro Universitário de Volta Redonda - UniFOA. Foram obtidos 20 inquéritos de 17 gestantes e 3 puérperas. Através dos resultados obtidos, de um modo geral, foi possível concluir que, a maioria das gestantes apresentaram sentimentos positivos em relação à gestação e ao concepto, demonstrando apenas certo grau de ansiedade quanto à sua capacidade de impactar negativamente o desenvolvimento fetal em situações de estresse ou influências negativas.
Marine Microorganisms as Potential Source of Quorum-Sensing Inhibitory Compounds
Authors: Yashika Ojha  , Dimple kachhadiya
Published: April 2024

Antibiotics are extensively utilized globally, and the rate of antibiotic resistance is increasing more rapidly than ever. Since the introduction of antibiotics, the overuse of antibiotics caused selection pressure, and almost all pathogenic bacteria have developed resistance against commonly used antibiotics, which is particularly known as antimicrobial resistance (AMR). It has proven challenging to combat and resolve the issue of microbial resistance. A growing number of microorganisms have developed different resistance mechanisms and turned into "superbugs". The identification of quorum-sensing systems has given researchers a new hope for understanding drug resistance processes. The quorum-sensing system controls a number of cellular functions, including the expression of pathogenic genes, the synthesis of toxins, and the synthesis of extracellular polysaccharides. To targeting QS systems marine bacterial samples were collected by different coastal sites of Gujarat, like Mandvi, Dwarka and Diu. A total of 52 marine isolates were obtained, out of which 16 were associated with various marine macro-organisms like sponges and algae, whereas 36 were free-living. The study has done by screening those marine isolates shown potential to inhibiting the quorum sensing molecule by co culture study against Chromobacter violaceium, followed by growth inhibition assay. The G14 and G82 isolate shows highest degradation of N-acyl homoserine lactone by AHL study. The QSI compounds were extracted using ethyl acetate extraction method. Biofilm inhibition assay with Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows potent inhibitory effect of extract. These results prove that marine microorganism have potential to inhibits quorum sensing and virulence factors regulated by Quorum Sensing phenomenon.
Electrochemical Oxidation of Organic Compounds and the Creation of Metal Oxide Nanocomposites
Authors: Sakshi Mokashi  , Anil Sharma  , Anil Parlikar
Published: April 2024

Electrochemical regeneration suffers from low regeneration efficiency due to side reactions like oxygen evolution, as well as oxidation of the adsorbent. Utilizing the solution cast method, we three alternative strategies for producing Cr2O3 nanoparticle-laden polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solid polymer films. The peaks in the FTIR spectrum at molecular vibration and chemical bonding frequencies indicate that Cr2O3 is present in the PVA polymer structure.
A Study of Recent Trends in Online Green Marketing
Authors: Manish Kumar  , Kumar Ravi Ranjan
Published: April 2024

The term "green" signifies innocence. Green symbolises purity of quality and fairness or justice in transactions. The promotion of environmentally friendly products is known as green marketing. Green marketing is also known as environmental marketing. It talks about how a company makes an effort to carefully prepare and promote products so as not to harm the environment. It is believed that everyone, whether a business or an individual, has an obligation to act in a socially conscious manner. Businesses are embracing green advertising as a new weapon for corporate social responsibility (CSR) and as a social endeavour. Companies are developing tools to protect the environment and building their brand as eco-friendly companies. Additionally, the study looks at India's green marketing techniques and offers a summary of the justification for its use by companies and look at the challenges associated with green marketing. This essay will discuss the value of green marketing to customers and the environment, break it down into its constituent parts, and conclude that green marketing is a strategy that will only become more and more popular as a means of protecting the environment for future generations.
Development on Self-Compacting Concrete using GGBS
Authors: Mr. B. Palanikumar  , Mr. C. Arunyogeshwaran
Published: April 2024

Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is a special type of concrete which is capable of flowing into the formwork, without segregation, to fill uniformly and completely every corner of it by its own weight without any application of vibration or other energy during placing. SSC has ultrahigh compressive strength. SSC is made to reduce time efficiency and help to minimize the number of labor required because that can flow and compact by itself. Materials required for SSC are cement, fine aggregate, super plasticizer course aggregate, water and admixtures.
Optimizing Energy Efficiency in Commercial Buildings through Advanced Building Strategies
Authors: Shanzah Nazir  , Dr. N.S. Thakur  , Dr. Neetu Kapoor
Published: April 2024

The pressing issue of climate change and its correlation with greenhouse gas emissions has propelled a heightened emphasis on energy-efficient building practices, particularly within the commercial sector. This study delves into advanced design strategies aimed at maximizing energy efficiency while upholding quality and comfort standards. By scrutinizing a functioning commercial building in Gurugram, Haryana, data was gathered to construct an energy model using eQUEST. Analysis encompassed various building facets such as envelope components (e.g., walls, roofs, and windows), HVAC systems, lighting, and occupancy patterns. The outcomes furnish valuable insights into pivotal factors influencing energy efficiency and propose tailored strategies for integration into commercial building design. This methodical approach, informed by case evaluation, seeks to optimize energy performance and cost-effectiveness across diverse building types and climates.
TINJAUAN YURIDIS MUTASI APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA OLEH KEPALA DAERAH MENJELANG DAN PASCA PEMILIHAN UMUM
Authors: Muh. Nur Iqbal N  , Jamaluddin Jamaluddin
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetaui Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) dalam konteks netralitasnya pada pemilihan umum. ASN yang tetap netral, dalam banyak kasus, terabaikan ketika ada pertimbangan untuk promosi jabatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pustaka atau penelitian kepustakaan, yang melibatkan telaah terhadap teori-teori yang relevan dengan masalah penelitian yang dilakukan oleh peneliti. Penelitian kepustakaan memiliki tujuan utama untuk mengembangkan aspek-aspek yang bermanfaat secara teoritis dan praktis dalam konteks penelitian akademik. Perubahan yang dilakukan oleh Kepala Daerah sebelum dan setelah pemilihan umum tidak mematuhi persyaratan yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan Berdasarkan Merit dan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2017 tentang Manajemen Pegawai Negeri Sipil. Tindakan tersebut tidak sesuai dengan prinsip yang seharusnya dipatuhi, karena dipengaruhi oleh faktor politik yang kuat yang mempengaruhi penempatan pejabat berdasarkan kehendak Kepala Daerah, bukan berdasarkan kebutuhan yang semestinya. Terdapat intervensi yang signifikan dari administrator lokal, yang mengakibatkan sistem tidak beroperasi dengan efektif saat terjadi mutasi. Selain itu, penurunan pangkat yang diterapkan terhadap ASN di Indonesia yang tidak melakukan kesalahan hukum formal dalam menjalankan tugasnya bertentangan dengan semangat reformasi birokrasi.
Machine learning for public wellness: optimizing hygiene practices and pollution monitoring in smart cities
Authors: Udayakumar Ramanathan
Published: April 2024

Introduction. Public health in urban areas is of paramount importance, particularly in the context of smart cities where technology plays a vital role. The integration of sophisticated infrastructure and data-driven systems in smart cities has the potential to significantly enhance public health outcomes. This improvement hinges on optimizing various factors, especially in the realms of hygiene standards and pollution monitoring. The ability to adhere to stringent hygiene procedures and closely monitor pollutants is essential for mitigating health risks in densely populated urban environments. As metropolitan areas become increasingly complex, there is a pressing need to prioritize the optimization of these processes.
Materials and Methods. To address the challenges associated with public health optimization in smart cities, this study introduces Optimized Public Wellness using Machine Learning (OPWML). OPWML employs advanced machine learning techniques to augment hygiene protocols and pollution surveillance in smart urban areas. The proposed approach incorporates real-time validation, enhanced data-collecting efficiency, intelligent intervention impact, and increased throughput. The methodology aims to streamline processes and overcome the limitations of current approaches, providing more precise and prompt outcomes.
Results. Simulation findings demonstrate the superior performance of OPWML compared to other methods. The average estimate accuracy achieved by OPWML is 86.76%, showcasing its efficacy in delivering accurate results. Real-time validation latency is notably low at 12.99 ms, indicating the system’s responsiveness. With a data collection efficiency of 22.96 GB/hour, OPWML demonstrates its ability to efficiently gather relevant data. The smart intervention impact of 33.20% underscores the system’s effectiveness in implementing intelligent interventions. Additionally, the throughput of 314.67 kbps signifies the high processing capacity of OPWML.
Limitations. While OPWML exhibits promising results, it is essential to acknowledge certain limitations in this study. The simulation-based nature of the findings may not fully capture real-world complexities. Additionally, the generalizability of the results to diverse urban contexts requires further investigation. Limitations such as data privacy concerns and potential technological barriers should also be considered when implementing OPWML in practical settings.
Conclusion. In conclusion, Optimized Public Wellness using Machine Learning (OPWML) emerges as a powerful tool for transforming public health processes in smart cities. The study highlights OPWML’s capacity to significantly enhance hygiene protocols and pollution surveillance, ensuring a healthier and environmentally sustainable urban setting. While acknowledging certain study limitations, the overall outcomes emphasize the potential of OPWML in revolutionizing public health practices and contributing to the well-being of urban populations in the era of smart cities.
Effect of chronic stress on the degree of acrylamide toxicity in rats
Authors: Gizatullina Alina A. , Khusnutdinova Nadezhda Yu. , Karimov Denis D. , Smolyankin Denis A. , Valova Yana V. , Karimov Denis O. , Muhammadieva Guzel F. , Repina Elvira F. , Akhmadeev Aidar R.
Published: April 2024

Introduction. Chronic stress plays an important role in the development of a wide range of mental, somatic and behavioural disorders, and therefore is a risk factor for the health in living organisms. A negative effect on the state of the nervous system is also observed when the body is poisoned with acrylamide, which is a substance of the second class of danger and is considered toxic and carcinogenic. Exposure of the body to mental and toxic stressors leads to autonomic and neuroendocrine activation, which, in turn, manifests itself as special behavioural patterns.
The purpose of the experiment was to assess the effect of chronic stress on the degree of acrylamide toxicity in rats.
Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted on white outbred rats with an average weight of 200 g of both sexes (n=60), which were evenly distributed into five groups: negative control, chronic stress, acrylamide, acrylamide + treatment, acrylamide + chronic stress. Throughout the study, the animals were kept under standard conditions with 12 hours of artificial lighting during the day, a relatively constant level of humidity (30–70%) and an air temperature of 20–25 °C. Behavioural tests were conducted once a week for one calendar month using a 40×40 hole board, a multifunctional cage to assess general activity, and an elevated plus maze with an ANY-maze video tracking system. Biochemical parameters were assessed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
Results. Analysis of behaviour on a board with holes did not reveal statistically significant results (H=8.987; p=0.061). When comparing vertical and horizontal motor activity between groups, statistically significant differences were found (p<0.05). AST levels were higher in the stress groups, while cholesterol levels in the same groups were lower (p<0.05).
Limitations. Laboratory animals of only one biological species were used for the experiment. The toxicant was used only in one concentration.
Conclusion. Chronic stress may influence on acrylamide toxicity in rats to a certain extent.
Determination of antibiotics of the tetracycline group in water by high-performance liquid chromatography on a diode matrix detector with preliminary concentration by solid-phase extraction
Authors: Nekrasova Larisa P. , Kuleshova Oksana Ju.
Published: April 2024

Introduction. Antibiotic contamination of the environment is a serious environmental threat that poses a hazard to human health. To monitor the content of tetracycline antibiotics in environmental objects and control technological processes aimed at their disposal, accessible analytical methods are needed.
Purpose of the study. Development of a method for determining antibiotics of the tetracycline group in water using a diode array detector with preliminary solid-phase concentration.
Material and methods. The objects of the study were model solutions of minocycline, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, demeclocycline, metacycline, and doxycycline in deionized, tap, natural, and treated wastewater. For solid-phase extraction, Diapak P and Diapak PG cartridges were used. SPE was performed using a VacMaster-10 manifold (Biotage). Chromatographic separation was carried out on Diasphere C10CN and Kromasil Eternity 250 × 4.6 mm 5 µm columns on an Agilent 1100 liquid chromatograph (Agilent Technology).
Results. Optimal conditions for the chromatographic separation of minocycline, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, demeclocycline, metacycline, and doxycycline were selected: isocratic mode, wavelength of 350 nm, mobile phase – acetonitrile: aqueous solution of phosphoric acid (pH = 3.0). The analysis time on Diasphere C10CN and Kromasil Eternity columns was 12 and 14 minutes, respectively. The reliability of the linear approximation in both cases was more than 0.99, however, the slopes on the Kromasil Eternity column were 1.35 –1.65 times higher than on Diasphere C10CN. The degree of extraction of tetracyclines from deionized water on Diapak P and Diapak PG cartridges was 90–95%, from tap water 61–89%, from purified waste water: 51–87%.
Limitations. The method is not suitable for water bodies with tetracycline contents less than 2 µg/dm3.
Conclusion. An HPLC method has been developed for the determination of minocycline, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, demeclocycline, metacycline, and doxycycline in water with preliminary SPE concentration on Diapak P and Diapak PG cartridges. The lower limit of determination for the sorption of target compounds from 0,1 dm3 of sample was 2 μg/dm3.
Beyond Numbers: Embracing the Depth of Qualitative Research in Criminology
Authors: Ranaweera Nishani
Published: April 2024

This article advocates for the integral role of qualitative research in criminology, emphasizing its capability to delve into the nuanced and complex experiences of outliers, such as criminals and victims, whose behaviors and experiences significantly deviate from societal norms. It argues that traditional quantitative methods, while useful for identifying broad patterns and trends, often fall short in capturing the depth of human behavior and the intricacies of social problems. Qualitative methods, including in-depth interviews, ethnography, and case studies, are presented as essential tools for uncovering the motivations, emotions, and social contexts underlying criminal actions and the impact of crime. The article highlights the limitations of quantitative research in dealing with outliers and the dynamic nature of human behavior, underscoring the importance of qualitative approaches in providing a richer, more contextualized understanding of crime and victimization. Through a series of case studies and methodological discussions, it demonstrates how qualitative research enriches criminological inquiry, offering critical insights that are instrumental for theoretical advancement and the development of effective criminal justice policies. The conclusion calls for an integrated approach to criminological research that values the complementary strengths of both qualitative and quantitative methods, fostering a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of crime and its impacts on society.
Critique of the Teleological presuppositions of Peace-Conflict-Development Narrative Discourse in Africa
Authors: Solaja Oladele , Adegoke Damilola
Published: April 2024

Implicit in the dominant conceptualisations of discursive peace in relation to conflict and development is the intrinsic presupposition of peace as "the means" towards the cessation of conflict - "the end", whose by-product is necessarily development. Several works have interrogated and criticised this peace construct. These works, often usually recast peace as a social fact imbued with a teleological implication towards progressive ideals of development and end of conflict. This reductionist approach is heavily influenced by Western social philosophy, particularly Aristotelianism, as surmised in Book IV of his (Aristotle’s) Political treatise. After examining several prominent works on peace, conflict, and development by African scholars, we observe that their works are not immune from this utilitarian influence. We, therefore, argue for a refocusing and hermeneutical re-understanding of peace as a process in a continuum rather than as the means towards an end. The paper, therefore, critiques the teleological presuppositions of peace-conflict-development narrative discourse in classical and contemporary African literature. It also employed narrative theory in explaining the nexus between peace, conflict, and development in contemporary times. The explanatory and historical designs were adopted to facilitate a better understanding of the thrust literature on the ontology of peace, conflict, and development in the contemporary world.
Predicting the Therapeutic Results of Unwanted Hair Growth with the Alexandrite Laser Device
Authors: Bakhshi Erfan , Hashempour Maasumeh , Seyedimani Sina , Moghaddam Melina Barahouei , Rezaei Dorsa
Published: April 2024

The growth of excess hair on the chin, under the neck, near the navel, around the chest, etc. is one of the main disorders that both women and men face. The best, most efficient and least invasive way to remove thick and dark hair is to use a laser. It is important to check the effectiveness of laser in removing unwanted hair after treatment sessions. In this study, the treatment of unwanted hair in the armpit or thigh area in 14 patients was investigated. The participants with skin type I and III were aged 27-37 years and were treated with 755 nm alexandrite laser. Examination of each area (armpit and thigh) was done with a camera system specifically to count the number of hairs at 1 and 3 months after the treatment period. In this study, Monte Carlo modeling was used to estimate the density of excess hair remaining after treatment sessions, and the results showed that the number of excess hair decreased both by Monte Carlo method and manual counting method, and the accuracy rate of the simulation was 75%.
AN OVERVIEW ON THERAPEUTIC SCREENING USING EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF WOUND HEALING
Authors: Awasthi Srishti , Singh Shalini , Awasthi Saumya , Dwivedi Arpit
Published: April 2024

The complex process of wound healing is how damaged tissue heals itself. It's a process that includes homeostasis, tissue integrity coordination, and the activation of intercellular pathways. The present review was based on the therapeutic screening using experimental models of wound healing. Hemostasis and clot formation are the two main complicated events that take place during this phase. The clot has aggregated platelets encased in a fibrin network. Oxygen is necessary for almost all wound-healing processes and cell metabolism, particularly to produce energy via ATP. It stops wounds from getting infected, stimulates the growth of new blood vessels, raises the differentiation, migration, and re-epithelialization of keratinocytes, boosts the production of collagen and fibroblasts, and encourages wound contraction. Wound healing models include incision, excision and burn model. In conclusion, our understanding of wound pathophysiology will be significantly advanced by combining these strategies with cutting-edge tissue, cell, and molecular "omics" technology. Developing novel therapeutic approaches for enhanced wound care is, in fact, one of the many promising areas of the future.
Exploring collaborative filtering through K-Nearest Neighbors and Non-Negative Matrix Factorization
Authors: Raman Sagedur
Published: April 2024

Collaborative filtering (CF) algorithms have received a lot of interest in recommender systems due to their ability to give personalized recommendations by exploiting user-item interaction data. In this article, we explore two popular CF methods—K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) Regression and Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF)—in detail as we dig into the world of collaborative filtering. Our goal is to evaluate their performance on the MovieLens 1M dataset and offer information about their advantages and disadvantages. A thorough explanation of the significance of recommender systems in contemporary content consumption settings is given at the outset of our examination. We look into Collaborative Filtering's complexities and how it uses user choices to produce tailored recommendations. Then, after setting the scene, we explain the KNN Regression and NMF approaches, going over their guiding principles and how they apply to recommendation systems. We conduct an extensive investigation of KNN Regression and NMF on the MovieLens 1M dataset to provide a thorough evaluation. We describe the model training processes, performance measures, and data pre-processing steps used. We measure and analyse the predicted accuracy of these strategies using empirical studies, revealing light on their effectiveness when applied to various user preferences and content categories.
Longevity, Chronic Conditions and Ageing Dynamics:
A Mathematical Reliability Perspective. Review
Authors: Willie Michael , Kabane Sipho
Published: April 2024

Background: Understanding the relationship between ageing and chronic diseases becomes crucial as global demographics shift towards an increasingly aged population.
Aim: The primary objective of this review is to explore various theories of ageing and their implications for chronic disease prevalence in ageing populations.
Methods: The study design entailed a comprehensive literature search to collect pertinent papers and theories on ageing, chronic diseases, and dependability theory. Various databases were employed to ascertain crucial insights and discoveries in this domain.
Results: The review emphasises the complex and diverse factors involved in the ageing process and its connection to chronic diseases. We highlight the harmful effects of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour on the health of older individuals. Moreover, we emphasise the importance of dependability theory in comprehending the development and progression of chronic health conditions among ageing populations.
Conclusion: Increasing chronic illness prevalence in the ageing population is both a problem and a possibility for adequate care. Integrating reliability theory into comprehensive approaches may help us understand age-related chronic illnesses and create effective preventative measures.
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Keywords: Ageing; Chronic diseases; Health span; Mathematical reliability theory; Population ageing; Preventive strategies
Balancing innovation and privacy : A machine learning perspective
Authors: Upadhyay Utsav , Kumar Alok , Roy Satyabrata , Rawat Umashankar
Published: April 2024

As digital innovation advances, concerns surrounding privacy escalate. This manuscript explores the intricate relationship between machine learning and privacy preservation. Beginning with a comprehensive literature review, we delve into the current state of privacy in the digital age and examine machine learning’s role in addressing these concerns. The manuscript highlights key privacy-preserving techniques, including homomorphic encryption, differential privacy, and federated learning, providing in-depth insights into their applications and real-world implementations. Anticipating future challenges and trends, we recommend maintaining a delicate equilibrium between innovation and privacy in the dynamic landscape of machine learning.
Discrete mathematical models for enhancing cybersecurity : A mathematical and statistical analysis of machine learning approaches in phishing attack detection
Authors: Goyal Dinesh , Sheth Farhan , Mathur Priya , Gupta Amit Kumar
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a discreate mathematical modelling of cybersecurity phishing attack detection methodologies, emphasizing the crucial role of continual advancements in detection methods amidst the pervasive threat of phishing attacks in the cybersecurity landscape. Leveraging mathematical modeling and machine learning algorithms, the study employs three distinct datasets—Mendeley, URL tokenized, and a merged dataset integrating both. Multiple machine learning algorithms, including Logistic Regression, k-Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machines, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting Machines, Neural Networks, CatBoost, and XGBoost, are systematically applied to evaluate their efficacy. In the original Mendeley dataset, XGBoost achieves a top accuracy of 97.24%, along with CatBoost and Random Forest exceeding 97%. Post-preprocessing, CatBoost leads with an accuracy of 97.28%, showcasing superior precision, sensitivity, and F-score. Despite slight accuracy reductions post-preprocessing, models consistently achieve over 94% accuracy on the preprocessed Mendeley dataset, highlighting the substantial impact of preprocessing. Tokenized URLs exhibit comparatively lower performance, with the highest accuracy at 91.95%, emphasizing the challenges associated with this approach. The combined dataset proves optimal for most models, with XGBoost and SVM achieving the highest overall accuracy at 97.68%. SVM excels in sensitivity and specificity, while XGBoost excels in precision. The merged dataset significantly enhances accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and precision, underscoring its pivotal role in refining predictive capabilities for identifying phishing websites. The results section provides a detailed overview of machine learning model performance on different datasets. CatBoost emerges as a standout performer on the preprocessed Mendeley dataset. The tokenized URLs offer valuable insights into associated challenges, and the combined dataset proves effective for various models. Confusion matrices, ROC curves, and Precision-Recall curves provide nuanced perspectives on model behavior, emphasizing the need for ongoing refinement and investigation into misclassification patterns to enhance model effectiveness in combating phishing threats.
Secure data sharing in collaborative network environments for privacy-preserving mechanisms
Authors: Aher Ujjwala Bal , Bhosle Amol A. , Palsodkar Prachi , Patil Swati Bula , Koul Nishchay , Mange Purva
Published: April 2024

In today’s world where everything is linked, shared network settings are necessary to share info between companies. However, making sure that data is safe and private in these kinds of settings is very hard. This paper describes a new way to share data safely, focusing on privacy-protecting features that keep private data safe while making it easier for people to work together.To keep data safe at different steps of sharing and processing, the suggested answer uses a mix of cryptography, access controls, and anonymization techniques. Unauthorized access is stopped and privacy is kept by encrypting data both while it is being sent and while it is being stored. Access controls are also used to make sure that only people who are allowed to can see or change private data. These controls are based on rules that have already been set. Also, methods like differential privacy are used to make privacy even better by adding noise to question results. This stops individual records from being identified while still allowing useful analysis. Together, these methods make it possible to share data safely and privately, which encourages cooperation without jeopardizing accuracy or privacy.Overall, this method provides a complete framework for dealing with the tricky issues of data security and privacy in collaborative network settings. It lets businesses share information freely while still following strict privacy rules and keeping private data from getting into the wrong hands or being shared without permission.