bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterizing force capability and stiffness of hip exosuits under different anchor points
Authors: Kim Jihun , Moon Junyoung , Park Sungjin , Lee Giuk
Published: August 2022

Exosuits have been broadly researched owing to their benefits from soft and deformable nature. However, compared to exoskeletons, the exosuits have disadvantages in that the deformation of suit and human tissue can cause dissipation, leading to low force transfer efficiency. In this study, we explore the force capability and human-suit stiffness depending on the anchor point positions of the exosuit, introducing a better understanding of exosuit design. We found the relationships between the anchor point position and the force capability, and the anchor point position and the human-suit stiffness by conducting human subject experiments. When the distance between the anchor point of the waist belt and the anchor point of the thigh brace increased, the force capability increased, whereas the human-suit stiffness decreased. Also, statistical analyses are implemented to verify significant differences according to the anchor point position with a 5% significance level. Moreover, we discuss why the capability of force transmission and the human-suit stiffness differ depending on the anchor point positions. The force capability differed with anchor point positions because of the change in the effective cable stroke. Additionally, the force capability changes nonlinearly owing to the body curve as the condition level of the anchor points changes. The human-suit stiffness is affected by the interference of the body when the assistive force is transmitted through the cable. Characteristics of the force capability and human-suit stiffness model can be used to optimize the performance of existing exosuit or to serve a valuable guide of design a new exosuit when the exosuit needs to maximize the force capability or stiffness.
Assessing the diagnostic performance of a novel RT-PCR fluorescence method for the detection of human plasmodium species
Authors: Beyene Melkamu Bedimo , Teshome Seifegebriel , A. Yehenew , Terefework Zewdu , Stuitje Antoine R. , Abebe Tamrat , Beyene Habtamu B.
Published: August 2022

Background

Malaria elimination effort is hampered not only by the lack of effective medication but also due to the lack of sensitive diagnostic tools to detect infections with low levels of parasitemia. Therefore, more sensitive and specific high-throughput molecular diagnostic approaches are needed for accurate malaria diagnosis.

Methods

In the present study, the performance of a novel single-tube MC004 real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay (MRC-Holland, Amsterdam, the Netherlands) was assessed for the detection of infection and discrimination of Plasmodium species. Blood samples (n = 150) were collected from malaria suspected patients at Adama malaria diagnosis and treatment centre, Adama, central Ethiopia. The positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), analytical sensitivity and specificity of the assay were assessed against the conventional microscopic method.

Results

Plasmodium species were detected in 59 (39.3%) of the samples by microscopy and in 62 (41.3%) by the novel MC004 RT-PCR. Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum and mixed infections with Plasmodium falciparum & Plasmodium vivax accounted for 47.5%, 40.6% and 11.9% respectively as detected by microscopy. The MC004 RT-PCR assay identified 59.7% and 40.3% of the samples positive for Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of the MC004 RT-PCR assay were 95.8%, 97.8%, 92%, and 98.9%, respectively. No mixed infections were detected using the MC004 assay.

Conclusion

The MC004 RT-PCR assay is a useful tool for the early detection of malaria and identification of Plasmodium species with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. Due to its high sensitivity, and simplicity (being a single-tube assay), the MC004 is suitable for use in clinical settings and epidemiological studies.
Is a universal nurse home visiting program possible? A cross-sectional survey of nurse home visitation service needs among pregnant women and mothers with young children
Authors: Khang Young-Ho , June Kyung Ja , Park Sae Eun , Cho Sung-Hyun , Lee Ji Yun , Kim Yu-Mi , Cho Hong-Jun
Published: August 2022

In 2019, the South Korean government established a plan to develop home visitation services for pregnant women and women with children below the age of 24 months and expand the services nationwide. Therefore, a national survey was needed to provide relevant information for the policy decision of whether to implement universal home visitation services by nurses for families with young children. To determine home visitation service needs in South Korea, 804 women who were pregnant or had children below the age of 24 months were selected as survey participants through stratified random sampling by region reflecting geographical distribution in numbers of births. Of them, 614 responded to survey questionnaires delivered via email. After excluding surveys with too short of a response time, extreme values, and incomplete answers, 500 participants’ responses were analyzed. Participants indicated whether they supported the provision of home visitation services and whether they were willing to utilize home visitation services. The survey also elicited responses regarding the level of needs for individual service items that could be delivered by nurses during home visits. The fieldwork was conducted by a consulting and research firm. The differences in whether respondents supported nurse home visitation services and intended to use nurse home visitation services according to mothers’ characteristics were examined using the chi-square test. In total, 88.0% of survey participants supported nurse home visitation services, and 81.2% indicated that they intended to receive the services. Most pregnant women and women with children below the age of 24 months responded positively to the various prenatal or postpartum services that nurses could provide during home visits. The percentages of support for the services and intention to use services were generally high among subgroups according to mothers’ characteristics. Therefore, universal home visitation services by nurses during pregnancy and in the postnatal period would be received well by Korean women.
Getting to the Emergency Department in time: Interviews with patients and their caregivers on the challenges to emergency care utilization in rural Uganda
Authors: Pickering Ashley E. , Dreifuss Heather M. , Ndyamwijuka Charles , Nichter Mark , Dreifuss Bradley A. ,   on behalf of the Global Emergency Care Collaborative Investigators
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Karoli Lwanga Hospital and Global Emergency Care, a 501(c)(3) nongovernmental organization, operate an Emergency Department (ED) in Uganda’s rural Rukungiri District. Despite available emergency care (EC), preventable death and disability persist due to delayed patient presentations. This study seeks to understand the emergency care seeking behavior of community members utilizing the established ED.

Methods

We purposefully sampled and interviewed patients and caregivers presenting to the ED more than 12 hours after onset of chief complaint in January-March 2017 to include various ages, genders, and complaints. Semistructured interviews addressing actions taken before seeking EC and delays to presentation once the need for EC was recognized were conducted until a diverse sample and theoretical saturation were obtained. An interdisciplinary and multicultural research team conducted thematic analysis based on descriptive phenomenology.

Results

The 50 ED patients for whom care was sought (mean age 33) had approximately even distribution of gender, as well as occupation (none, subsistence farmers and small business owner). Interviews were conducted with 13 ED patients and 37 caregivers, on the behalf of patients when unavailable. The median duration of patients’ chief complaint on ED presentation was 5.5 days. On average, participants identified severe symptoms necessitating EC 1 day before presentation. Four themes of treatment delay before and after severity were recognized were identified: 1) Cultural factors and limited knowledge of emergency signs and initial actions to take; 2) Use of local health facilities despite perception of inadequate services; 3) Lack of resources to cover the anticipated cost of obtaining EC; 4) Inadequate transportation options.

Conclusions

Interventions are warranted to address each of the four major reasons for treatment delay. The next stage of formative research will generate intervention strategies and assess the opportunities and challenges to implementation with community and health system stakeholders.
Land, buildings, and equipment acquisitions in U.S. hospitals: A fifteen-year perspective
Authors: Qi Kangkang , Jiang Xuefeng , Bai Ge
Published: August 2022

Hospitals acquire and maintain long-term operating assets such as land, buildings, and equipment. In this study, we analyzed hospitals’ long-term assets acquisitions data extracted from the Medicare Cost Report, a mandatory annual filing for all Medicare-certified hospitals. The first objective of this study is to examine the time trend of land, buildings, and equipment acquisitions of all general acute care hospitals in the U.S. from 2005 to 2019 to understand the relative magnitude and temporal changes for the operating assets. The second objective is to examine the 15-year accumulated acquisitions of land, buildings, and equipment per capita in each state to understand the variations of potential access to hospital operating resources across states. To understand the longitudinal changes in acquisitions of operating assets for each year from 2005 to 2019, we calculated the total acquisition amounts across all hospitals for land, buildings, and equipment, respectively, and adjusted the amounts to 2019 dollars based on the consumer price index (CPI). For each state (including Washington D.C.) and the whole nation, the 15-year accumulated CPI-adjusted acquisition amounts per capita for land, buildings, and equipment were also calculated, respectively. The nationwide acquisitions of those operating assets grew rapidly from 2005 to 2008 followed by a negative overall growth from 2008 to 2014 and since 2015, started increasing steadily again. In 2019, U.S. general acute care hospitals acquired $3.0 billion of land, $44.6 billion of buildings, and $33.9 billion of equipment. Huge geographical variation in per capita cumulative total asset investment were also found with the first place North Dakota having a per capita investment that is almost four times higher than that in the lowest ranked state of Alabama.
Evasão Escolar na Educação de Jovens e Adultos / School Dropout in Youth and Adult Education
Authors: Nascimento Ismael Elias Do
Published: August 2022

Resumo: A evasão escolar é um dos graves problemas que assola a educação no Brasil. Uma proposta de resgate aqueles que não concluíram seus estudos no tempo adequado e se evadiram do sistema educacional é a Educação de jovens e adultos – EJA. Embora a EJA tenha por objetivo resgatar e inserir os adultos não alfabetizados no processo educacional, a mesma também sofre da evasão escolar. As pesquisas realizadas demonstram que a evasão escolar na EJA é alimentada por motivos sociais, políticos, culturais e econômicos. Pode-se ainda afirmar que a evasão escolar na EJA é construída por fatores internos e externos a escola. Encontrar respostas para reduzir os níveis de evasão escolar se constitui um desafio de difícil solução, pois a conjunção de fatores torna esse fator um problema complexo.Palavras-chaves: Educação de Jovens e Adultos; Evasão escolar; Abandono escolar. Abstract:School dropout is one of the serious problems that plague education in Brazil. A proposal to rescue those who did not complete their studies on time and evaded the educational system is the Education of Youth and Adults - EJA. Although the EJA aims to rescue and insert illiterate adults in the educational process, it also suffers from school dropout. The research carried out shows that school dropout in the EJA is fueled by social, political, cultural and economic reasons. It can also be said that school dropout in EJA is built by factors internal and external to the school. Finding answers to reduce the levels of school dropout is a challenge that is difficult to solve, as the combination of factors makes this factor a complex problem.Keywords: Youth and Adult Education; School dropout; School dropout.
HALAL PRODUCT REVIEW BASED ON TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND A SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Perdana Yandra Rahadian
Published: August 2022

Halal products are produced through toyyib processes so that they can be used and consumed by consumers, especially Muslims. Toyyib,which isa prerequisite for halal products, is translated asaform of guarantee of the procurement process, material handling, products, and transportation in accordance with Islamic law. The collaboration betweenproducers andsuppliers, distributors, and consumers is the key to implementing supply chain management (SCM) of halal products. Then, the participation of all business actors in the supply chain network to engage in continuous improvement is an articulation of the implementation of total quality management (TQM). The previous literature shows that research that examines halal products from the perspective of TQM and SCM is still limited. Therefore, this paper investigates halal products from the viewpoint of TQM and SCM. Both perspectives are used with the consideration that the toyyib process is not only the responsibility of the producer, but also the responsibility of the supplier, distributor, and consumer. The combination of TQM and SCM is expected to produce a production process for halal products that conformswith Islamic law
Prototipo para el control de temperatura y humedad en el secado mecánico del café
Authors: Acuña Bravo Wilber , Bravo Montenegro Diego Alberto , Pito Julio Cesar
Published: August 2022

En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo de un prototipo para el monitoreo de humedad y el control de la temperatura del secado del café en la Institución Educativa Agropecuaria La Capilla (Cajibío - Cauca). El prototipo fue desarrollado usando instrumentación electrónica y diseño asistido por computador. El sistema de control diseñado permite realizar de manera automática el proceso de secado. Se diseñó un equipo mecánico tipo silo, con una capacidad total de 5 kg de carga permitiendo una disminución en el tiempo de secado en comparación con el secado manual.
Technical and Economical Evaluation of Micro-Solar PV/Diesel Hybrid Generation System for Small Demand
Authors: Dei Tsutomu , Batjargal Nomuulin
Published: August 2022

This paper is intended as an investigation on a reliability of solar PV(Photovoltaic) and DG (Diesel Generator) hybrid system and the economical evaluation. In the remote area or island countries, diesel generator is a common technology for supplying power. In general, the price of diesel oil is expensive in remote areas. Therefore, introduction of the technologies which can reduce the fuel consumption for power generation is important in those area. Interconnection of solar PV with isolated diesel distribution lines is one of the options when expanding power generation facilities. However, the output of solar PV is influenced by the weather condition, it is difficult to ensure a constant output and control power amount. Using unstable input for power generation such as solar PV increases the risk of power outage due to instability of system voltage and frequency fluctuations. In this study, experiments were conducted to clarify the unstable condition using the micro-solar diesel hybrid system using solar PV (2kW), Battery Bank (24V,420Ah) and Diesel Generator (4.7kVA) and load(1500W) at Ashikaga University (AU). The experiments are conducted by two different setups, a hybrid system of solar PV and DG and the hybrid with battery bank.  The results of the experiments show the frequency fluctuations becomes smaller by the hybrid system with battery bank. And the mechanical governor which attached to the DG has important function to stabilize frequency fluctuation. In the study, economic viability of the solar PV and DG hybrid system is examined by computing the Internal Rate of Return (IRR). In the calculation of the least-cost alternative system, a diesel engine powered generation system with the capacity to generate the same amount of electricity as the solar PV-DG hybrid system was used. The IRRs of the solar PV – diesel hybrid system is positive in all configuration. IRR becomes larger in the hybrid system without a battery bank and also it becomes larger with increase of the penetration ratio of solar PV. The configuration of solar PV and DG hybrid system have to be considered by the type of power demand. If the demand user requires quality power such as stabilized voltage and frequency in minimum range, battery bank have to be installed to the system. If the economical operation by saving the amount of fuel consumption is more important, battery bank does not need to be included. The system is feasible on the both aspect of technical and economical, therefore it can be introduced as reliable energy supply system for small power demand in remote areas.
Synthesis and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of (E)-5-Benzyl-7- (3-Bromobenzylidene)-3-(3-Bromophenyl)-2-Phenyl-3,3a, 4,5,6,7-Hexahydro-2H-Pyrazolo[4,3-c]Pyridine
Authors: Oscifiani Nelly , Herfindo Noval , Rahayu Rahayu , Frimayanti Neni , Zamri Adel
Published: August 2022

The tyrosinase enzyme plays an essential role in the pigmentation of human skin, fruits, and vegetables. It has been tied with several human skin diseases and post-harvest problems. Hence, the tyrosinase enzyme becomes an excellent therapeutic target to overcome these issues. This study aimed to screen tyrosinase inhibitors by synthesizing halogen-substituted pyrazolopyridine derivatives. The pyrazolopyridine compound was obtained through two stages of synthesis. First, the intermediate compound, a derivative of 3,5-bis(arylidene)-4-piperidone, was synthesized through the Cleisen-Schmidt condensation reaction of 4-piperidone and benzaldehyde derivatives. Furthermore, the intermediate compound was reacted with phenylhydrazine through a cyclocondensation reaction to produce the titled compound with an 11% yield. The chemical structure of the target compound was identified through the interpretation of UV, FTIR, NMR, and HRMS spectra. Then an in vitro assay was conducted on the tyrosinase enzyme of the fungus Agaricus bisporus by detecting the presence of dopachrome at a wavelength of 492 nm. As a result, the in vitro assay showed that the titled compound had a weak inhibitory activity, and the IC50 value was > 500 µM. Thus, the synthesized compound is considered inactive.
GCN5L1 impairs diastolic function in mice exposed to a high fat diet by restricting cardiac pyruvate oxidation
Authors: Thapa Dharendra , Bugga Paramesha , Mushala Bellina A. S. , Manning Janet R. , Stoner Michael W. , McMahon Brenda , Zeng Xuemei , Cantrell Pamela S. , Yates Nathan , Xie Bingxian , Edmunds Lia R. , Jurczak Michael J. , Scott Iain
Published: August 2022

Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is a structural and functional condition that precedes the development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The etiology of diastolic dysfunction includes alterations in fuel substrate metabolism that negatively impact cardiac bioenergetics, and may precipitate the eventual transition to heart failure. To date, the molecular mechanisms that regulate early changes in fuel metabolism leading to diastolic dysfunction remain unclear. In this report, we use a diet‐induced obesity model in aged mice to show that inhibitory lysine acetylation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex promotes energetic deficits that may contribute to the development of diastolic dysfunction in mouse hearts. Cardiomyocyte‐specific deletion of the mitochondrial lysine acetylation regulatory protein GCN5L1 prevented hyperacetylation of the PDH complex subunit PDHA1, allowing aged obese mice to continue using pyruvate as a bioenergetic substrate in the heart. Our findings suggest that changes in mitochondrial protein lysine acetylation represent a key metabolic component of diastolic dysfunction that precedes the development of heart failure.
A comparative study of the spectrogram, scalogram, melspectrogram and gammatonegram time-frequency representations for the classification of lung sounds using the ICBHI database based on CNNs
Authors: Neili Zakaria , Sundaraj Kenneth
Published: August 2022

In lung sound classification using deep learning, many studies have considered the use of short-time Fourier transform (STFT) as the most commonly used 2D representation of the input data. Consequently, STFT has been widely used as an analytical tool, but other versions of the representation have also been developed. This study aims to evaluate and compare the performance of the spectrogram, scalogram, melspectrogram and gammatonegram representations, and provide comparative information to users regarding the suitability of these time-frequency (TF) techniques in lung sound classification. Lung sound signals used in this study were obtained from the ICBHI 2017 respiratory sound database. These lung sound recordings were converted into images of spectrogram, scalogram, melspectrogram and gammatonegram TF representations respectively. The four types of images were fed separately into the VGG16, ResNet-50 and AlexNet deep-learning architectures. Network performances were analyzed and compared based on accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score. The results of the analysis on the performance of the four representations using these three commonly used CNN deep-learning networks indicate that the generated gammatonegram and scalogram TF images coupled with ResNet-50 achieved maximum classification accuracies.
Surge and Decline in 2022
Authors: Petrocik John R.
Published: August 2022

Five models dominate academic analyses of elections for the House of Representatives. They are: (1) the surge and decline cycle of presidential elections and the successive off-year election; (2) the presidential performance model; (3) the retirement model; (4) the campaign spending model; and (5) the candidate quality model. The expected results for the 2022 Congressional election according to the first three models are presented here. Senate elections are not considered. The models differ in their predicted result. The smallest impact on 2022 is associated with the surge and decline cycle; the largest impact is found from incumbent retirements that reflect the prospective short-term forces in the election environment. The average of the three predictions for 2022 finds the Democratic Party losing their majority, giving the Republicans control of the House of Representatives for the 118th Congress.
Optimal control of non-instantaneous impulsive second-order stochastic McKean–Vlasov evolution system with Clarke subdifferential
Authors: Anukiruthika K. , Durga N. , Muthukumar P.
Published: August 2022

The optimal control of non-instantaneous impulsive second-order stochastic McKean–Vlasov evolution system with Clarke subdifferential and mixed fractional Brownian motion is investigated in this article. The deterministic nonlinear second-order controlled partial differential system is enriched with stochastic perturbations, non-instantaneous impulses, and Clarke subdifferential. In particular, the nonlinearities in the system that rely on the state of the solution are allowed to rely on the corresponding probability distribution of the state. The solvability of the considered system is discussed with the help of stochastic analysis, multivalued analysis, and multivalued fixed point theorem. Further, the existence of optimal control is established with the aid of Balder’s theorem. Finally, an example is provided to illustrate the developed theory.
Numerical modeling of single closed and open-ended pipe pile embedded in dry soil layers under coupled static and dynamic loadings
Authors: Al-Jeznawi Duaa , Mohamed Jais Ismacahyadi Bagus , Albusoda Bushra S. , Khalid Norazlan
Published: August 2022

For the design of a deep foundation, piles are presumed to transfer the axial and lateral loads into the ground. However, the effects of the combined loads are generally ignored in engineering practice since there are uncertainties to the precise definition of soil–pile interactions. Hence, for technical discussions of the soil–pile interactions due to dynamic loads, a three-dimensional finite element model was developed to evaluate the soil pile performance based on the 1 g shaking table test. The static loads consisted of 50% of the allowable vertical pile capacity and 50% of the allowable lateral pile capacity. The dynamic loads were taken from the recorded data of the Kobe earthquake. The current numerical model takes into account the material non-linearity and the non-linearity of pile-to-surrounded soil contact surfaces. A lateral ground acceleration was adapted to simulate the seismic effects. This research emphasizes modeling the 1 g model by adapting MIDAS GTS NX software. This will, in turn, present the main findings from a single pile model under a combined static and dynamic load. Consequently, the main results were first validated and then used for further deep investigations. The numerical results predicted a slightly higher displacement in the horizontal and vertical directions than the 1 g shaking table. The shear stress–shear strain relationship was predicted. Positive frictional resistance for the closed-ended pile was captured during the first 5 s when low values of acceleration were applied and, consequently, the pile resistance decreased and became negative. Internal and external frictional resistance was captured for the open-ended pipe pile. Overall, frictional resistance values were decreased with time until they reached the last time step with a minimum value. As a result, the evaluation of the current study can be used as a guide for analysis and preliminary design in engineering practice.
A Nelder Mead-infused INFO algorithm for optimization of mechanical design problems
Authors: Mehta Pranav , Yildiz Betül S. , Kumar Sumit , Pholdee Nantiwat , Sait Sadiq M. , Panagant Natee , Bureerat Sujin , Yildiz Ali Riza
Published: August 2022

Nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms have wide applications that have greater emphasis over the classical optimization techniques. The INFO algorithm is developed on the basis of the weighted mean of the vectors, which enhances the superior vector position that enables to get the global optimal solution. Moreover, it evaluates the fitness function within the updating stage, vectors combining, and local search stage. Accordingly, in the present article, a population-based algorithm named weighted mean of vectors (INFO) is hybridized with the Nelder–Mead algorithm (HINFO-NM) and adapted to optimize the standard benchmark function structural optimization of the vehicle suspension arm. This provides a superior convergence rate, prevention of trapping in the local search domain, and class balance between the exploration and exploitation phase. The pursued results suggest that the HINFO-NM algorithm is the robust optimizer that provides the best results compared to the rest of the algorithms. Moreover, the scalability of this algorithm can be realized by having the least standard deviation in the results. The HINFO-NM algorithm can be adopted in a wide range of optimization challenges by assuring superior results obtained in the present article.
Biosynthesis of ZnO NPs from pumpkin seeds’ extract and elucidation of its anticancer potential against breast cancer
Authors: Tabrez Shams , Khan Azhar U. , Hoque Mehboob , Suhail Mohd , Khan Mohammad Imran , Zughaibi Torki A.
Published: August 2022

The cost-effective and environmental friendly biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles is becoming increasingly important in biomedical science. This study biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) from pumpkin seed extract and assessed its anticancer activity by using different molecular biology experiments in human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell lines. The well-known analytical techniques, such as UV-visible spectrophotometry, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), were used to confirm the synthesis and characterize the morphological and structural features of biogenic ZnO NPs. The formation of spherical nanoparticles with an average size of 50–60 nm was recorded using scanning electron microscopy and TEM. We observed the dose-dependent increase in cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs in the MDA-MB-231 cell line with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 10 µg/mL. Moreover, the ZnO NPs also showed significant cell morphology changes, apoptosis induction, and reactive oxygen species production at the highest tested concentration. The cellular adhesion and migration assay indicated cell death and inhibition in the migration of breast cancer cells in response to ZnO NPs’ treatment. These results clearly demonstrated the significant anticancer potential of ZnO NPs against the studied breast cancer cell line. However, an extension of this study is recommended in different cancer models and, based on the results, in vivo validation should be done.
Cryptokotyle lühe, 1899 (trematoda: heterophyidae): special characteristics of developmental biology and epizootiology
Authors: Honcharov S. , Soroka N. , Dubovyi A. , Galat M.
Published: August 2022

This review presents the scientific studies data on the special characteristics of developmental biology and epizo-
otiology of Cryptocotyle trematodes, which belong to Heterophyidae family and pose a threat to the health of the
endotherms, including humans, i.e., it is a typical zoonosis. These trematodes are predominantly widespread in
the Mediterranean region, namely, in the western Mediterranean region and the Aegean province. The trematodes
of Cryptocotyle genus are found in Europe, Asia, North and South America, and Antarctica. They are typical bio-
helminths, i.e., they have a complicated life cycle, where the initial intermediate hosts are mollusks, the second
ones – fish of different species, the definitive and final hosts are piscivorous birds, carnivorous animals (foxes,
wolves, dogs, cats, etc.), and humans. Cryptocotylosis is remarkable for its seasonal prevalence, which depends on
the climatic zoning of territories. For instance, in the territorial waters of Ukraine, the highest indices of crypto-
cotylosis invasion among Agonidae fish are mainly observed in summer and autumn, but the peak of the invasion
comes in autumn. The parasitizing of Cryptocotyle trematodes in the organism of mollusks impacts the reproduc-
tion ability and behavioral specificities (motility) of the latter. The invaded fish have black pigment spots on the
surface of their bodies – these are metacercariae. In the organism of definitive hosts, the agent is localized in the
gastrointestinal tract and may cause inflammatory processes in the mucous membrane of the intestines and changes
in parenchymatous organs, which demonstrates the toxic effect of the parasite on the host organism. The diagnos-
tics of cryptocotylosis is based on detecting the agent in the host organism and its further taxonomic identification
by its anatomic and morphological specificities. The pollution of the aqueous medium with organic and inorganic
residues impacts the organisms of both hosts and parasites.
Overview of hydrophysical studies in the waters of the Danube River Estates
Authors: NEVIEROVA S.I.
Published: August 2022

The purpose of the article is to systematize the hydrophysical observations carried out by various specialists in the waters of the Danube River region on the basis of the results of expeditionary studies carried out on the basis of long-term observations of the past and present centuries, the need to fill in the gaps in the understanding of the current state of the Danube sea mouth, due to a substantial increase in its anthropogenic load. The Danube Sea Floor is located on the Danube River. Data have been collected from many complex marine expeditionary studies on the Danube coastline of different institutions of different countries. A description of changes in the indicators of salinity, turbidity, run-off and sediment, oxygen, temperature, hydrogen index, upwelling, ecological state of the area of the estuary rise of the Danube region is provided. The practical significance of these results lies in the importance of establishing national inter-institutional cooperation for the efficient and rational use of natural resources and the introduction of environmental protection measures in the Danube and the Black Sea, introduction of world best practices for the sustainable development of territories, scientific management of water resources, establishment of a monitoring system to identify constructive solutions for the conservation and reproduction of aquatic bioresources in the Danube region and the adjacent territories of the Black Sea.
Enteral Iron Supplementation in Preterm or Low Birth Weight Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Manapurath Rukman M , Gadapani Pathak Barsha , Sinha Bireshwar , Upadhyay Ravi Prakash , Choudhary Tarun Shankar , Chandola Temsunaro Rongsen , Mazumdar Sarmila , Taneja Sunita , Bhandari Nita , Chowdhury Ranadip
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Iron is needed for growth and development of infants globally, but preterm and low birth weight (LBW) infants are at risk for severe iron deficiencies. To assess the effect of enteral iron supplementation on mortality, morbidity, growth, and neurodevelopment outcomes in preterm or LBW infants fed human milk. Secondary objectives were to assess the effect on biomarkers and dose and timing.

METHODS

Data sources include PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases to March 16, 2021. Study Selection includes controlled or quasi experimental study designs. Two reviewers independently extracted data.

RESULTS

Eight trials (eleven reports; 1093 participants, 7 countries) were included. No trials reported mortality. At latest follow-up, there was little effect on infection (very low certainty evidence, 4 studies, 401 participants, relative risk [RR] 0.98, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.56 to 1.73, I2 = 0.00%) and necrotising enterocolitis (3 studies, 375 participants, RR 1.47, 95% CI 0.68 to 3.20, I2 = 0.00%). There was an increase in linear growth (length) (moderate certainty evidence, 3 studies, 384 participants, mean difference 0.69 cm, 95% CI 0.01 to 1.37, I2 = 0%) but little effect on weight, head circumference, or cognitive development. There was an improvement in anemia (moderate certainty evidence, 2 studies, 381 participants, RR 0.25, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.62, I2 = 0.00%) but no effect on serum ferritin. Limitations include heterogeneity in the included studies.

CONCLUSIONS

There are important benefits for human milk-fed preterm and LBW infants from enteral iron supplementation. However, more randomized control trials are required to improve the certainty of evidence.
Enteral Zinc Supplementation in Preterm or Low Birth Weight Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Sinha Bireshwar , Dudeja Nonita , Chowdhury Ranadip , Choudhary Tarun Shankar , Upadhyay Ravi Prakash , Rongsen-Chandola Temsunaro , Mazumder Sarmila , Taneja Sunita , Bhandari Nita
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Evidence on the effect of zinc supplementation on health outcomes in preterm or low birth weight (LBW) infants is unclear. We estimated the effect of enteral zinc versus no zinc supplementation in human milk fed preterm or LBW infants on mortality, growth, morbidities, and neurodevelopment.

METHODS

Data sources include PubMed, Cochrane Central and Embase databases through March 24, 2021. Study selection was randomized or quazi-experimental trials. Two reviewers independently screened, extracted data, and assessed quality. We reported pooled relative risks (RR) for categorical outcomes, and mean differences (MD) for continuous outcomes.

RESULTS

Fourteen trials with 9940 preterm or LBW infants were included. Moderate to low certainty evidence showed that enteral zinc supplementation had little or no effect on mortality (risk ratio 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.46 to 1.16), but increased weight (MD 378.57, 95% CI 275.26 to 481.88), length (MD 2.92, 95% CI 1.53 to 4.31), head growth (MD 0.56, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.90), and decreased diarrhea (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.68 to 0.97). There was no effect on acute respiratory infections, bacterial sepsis, and psychomotor development scores. The effect of zinc supplementation on mental development scores is inconclusive. There was no evidence of serious adverse events. Eight trials had some concerns or high risk of bias, small-sized studies, and high heterogeneity between trials led to moderate to very low certainty of evidence.

CONCLUSIONS

Zinc supplementation in preterm or LBW infants have benefits on growth and diarrhea prevention. Further research is needed to generate better quality evidence.
Enteral Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation in Preterm and Low Birth Weight Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kumar Mohan , Chowdhury Ranadip , Sinha Bireshwar , Upadhyay Ravi Prakash , Chandola Temsunaro Rongsen , Mazumder Sarmila , Taneja Sunita , Edmond Karen , Bahl Rajiv , Bhandari Nita , Ramakrishnan Usha , Rivera Juan A. , Tandon Sonia , Duggan Christopher P. , Liu Enju , Fawzi Wafaie , Manji Karim , Choudhary Tarun Shankar
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVES

To assess effects of supplementation with 3 or more micronutrients (multiple micronutrients; MMN) compared to no MMN in human milk-fed preterm and low birth weight (LBW) infants.

RESULTS

Data on a subgroup of 414 preterm or LBW infants from 2 randomized controlled trials (4 reports) were included. The certainty of evidence ranged from low to very low. For growth outcomes in the MMN compared to the non-MMN group, there was a small increase in weight-for-age (2 trials, 383 participants) and height-for-age z-scores (2 trials, 372 participants); a small decrease in wasting (2 trials, 398 participants); small increases in stunting (2 trials, 399 participants); and an increase in underweight (2 trials, 396 participants). For neurodevelopment outcomes at 78 weeks, we found small increases in Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Version III (BISD-III), scores (cognition, receptive language, expressive language, fine motor, gross motor) in the MMN compared to the non-MMN group (1 trial, 27 participants). There were no studies examining dose or timing of supplementation.

CONCLUSIONS

Evidence is insufficient to determine whether enteral MMN supplementation to preterm or LBW infants who are fed mother's own milk is associated with benefit or harm. More trials are needed to generate evidence on mortality, morbidity, growth, and neurodevelopment.
Wikipedia como medio de divulgación y comunicación científica: influencia en el campo educativo, investigativo y bibliotecológico-documental
Authors: Tarango Javier , González-Quiñones Fidel , Barragán-Perea Efraín Alfredo
Published: August 2022

Este artículo identifica elementos prácticos de aplicación de Wikipedia en sus contribuciones hacia la divulgación y comunicación científica aplicados a campos disciplinares distintos, tales como: (1) educativo (medio de transferencia en procesos de aprendizaje colaborativo, constructivismo, pensamiento crítico y transdisciplinariedad); (2) investigación científica (sistema estructurado de macrodatos y derivación de hallazgos a través de sus contenidos); y (3) bibliotecológico-documental (aplicación de métricas de la información, la derivación de lenguajes documentales controlados y no controlados, y formación de usuarios de la información). El desarrollo del artículo se basa en el uso de una metodología centrada en la fenomenología (desde la perspectiva de la ciencia), para lo cual se estudió un cuerpo de conocimiento sobre Wikipedia, relacionado con ámbitos educativos, de investigación científica y de la bibliotecología-documentación, a través de un análisis consistente, que condujo a la descripción e interpretación de experiencias vividas, reconociendo su significado e importancia como sistema de información con capacidad de influencia positiva y ética. Los resultados ofrecen elementos que fortalecen la credibilidad de Wikipedia como sistema de información, ya que ha sido paradigmáticamente cuestionada de forma negativa, por tanto, se propicia la identificación de aportaciones que justifican su valor como un sistema complejo, innovador y único en la socialización del conocimiento académico y científico, con amplia influencia en diversos campos formales del conocimiento, sin que se tenga aún un reconocimiento suficientemente sólido.
Comportamiento informativo en las bibliotecas de la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, antes y durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Hernández Abad Vicente Jesús , Mora Guevara José Luis Alfredo , González Velázquez María Susana , Palestino Escoto Feliciano , García Escalante Guadalupe Marisol
Published: August 2022

Se estudia el comportamiento informativo de alumnos y docentes de la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza (FESZ), de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), durante la pandemia ocasionada por el SARS-CoV-2, en la Biblioteca Digital UNAM ante el cierre total de las bibliotecas, lo que limitó la consulta presencial de libros y revistas impresas. Se llevó a cabo una investigación cuantitativa con la técnica de análisis de datos estadísticos a partir de las bitácoras de acceso a la Biblioteca Digital (BIDI UNAM) que en suma contempló 15,597 accesos, en comparación a dos periodos, antes y durante la pandemia, obteniendo como resultado un incremento en los accesos, sumado al impulso de estrategias de alfabetización informacional para el uso y aprovechamiento de los recursos de información, mismos que pueden ser integrados en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje, fortaleciendo el modelo educativo de la FESZ.
Metodología didáctica para la enseñanza de creación de catálogos de autoridad de autor en los cursos de catalogación de la Escuela de Bibliotecología y Ciencias de la Información de la Universidad de Costa Rica
Authors: Calvo Desiree Rodríguez , Briceño Álvarez Iria
Published: August 2022

El propósito de este artículo es exponer la metodología didáctica utilizada para la creación de catálogos de autoridad de autor en los cursos de catalogación de la Escuela de Bibliotecología y Ciencias de la Información de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Se muestran los principales materiales didácticos creados para los cursos, así como la importancia de la utilización de la metodología lúdica. Lo anterior se desarrolló para la enseñanza de la creación de puntos de acceso de personas, familias y entidades corporativas aplicando las RDA, además de la creación de los catálogos de autoridades como medio de normalización de estos puntos de acceso. La metodología utilizada se basó en una investigación cuantitativa de alcance descriptivo en la cual se realizó un cuestionario en línea con el objetivo de analizar la percepción de las personas estudiantes del curso BI-2003 Catalogación II, respecto a la utilización de las herramientas didácticas para la elaboración de los catálogos de autoridad de autor y de la metodología lúdica como método de aprendizaje. Uno de los principales hallazgos de esta investigación es que las herramientas didácticas creadas para la elaboración de catálogos de autoridades, así como la estrategia lúdica, favorecen la comprensión y aplicación de ejercicios prácticos, en los cuales tienen la posibilidad de trabajar con la normativa vigente.
Alimentación, estilo de vida y distanciamiento social: un estudio en el sureste brasilero durante la pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Urquía Yazareni José Mercadante , Pereira Taísa Sabrina Silva , Martinez Oscar Geovanny Enriquez , Silva Daniela Alves , Martins Marcia Cristina Teixeira , Molina Maria del Carmen Bisi
Published: August 2022

Introducción: a raíz de la emergencia por la COVID-19, las medidas de distanciamiento social adoptadas para mitigar la tasa de infección pueden influenciar los hábitos alimentarios y otros factores de estilo de vida. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la relación del distanciamiento social y los factores de estilo de vida en adultos del sureste brasilero durante la primera ola pandémica. Metodología: se trata de un estudio transversal con 1828 adultos de entre 18 y 83 años, de ambos sexos, realizado a través de un cuestionario en línea; se recolectaron y analizaron datos sociodemográficos, alimentarios, sanitarios y de estilo de vida, en función de si se guardó o no el distanciamiento social. Resultados: los resultados mostraron disminución del desayuno (12,5 %) y aumento del consumo de meriendas (24,5 % matutina y 12,5 % vespertina) y picoteos entre comidas (20,4 %), así como de la ingesta de verduras y leguminosas entre quienes estaban recluidos y de pescado y comida rápida entre los que no lo estaban; la mayoría de participantes reportó ganancia de peso a lo largo de este periodo. Las personas en confinamiento dormían más y su principal causa de ansiedad fueron las estadísticas de la enfermedad. Conclusión: los hallazgos sugieren la necesidad de implementar estrategias de promoción de la salud acordes a circunstancias como la actual.
Tuberculosis en grandes conglomerados urbanos: sentidos y prácticas de abordaje de los equipos de una red de servicios públicos de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Aranda Maria Jimena , Barrios Rocio Nahir , Pereira Andres Martin , Mena Maria Florencia , Longordo Maria Alexandra , Herrero Maria Belen
Published: August 2022

Introducción: la tuberculosis (TB) persiste como un importante problema de salud pública en Argentina con una concentración preocupante en grandes centros urbanos. El objetivo de este estudio es la recuperación de los sentidos y las prácticas del proceso de atención-cuidado de la TB por parte de profesionales en una red pública de servicios de salud de un gran conglomerado urbano.. Metodología: se realizó un análisis exploratorio con enfoque cualitativo, a partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas a integrantes de equipos sanitarios en un hospital y en centros de salud de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA). Resultados: se identificaron diferentes matices de sentido acerca de la complejidad en el abordaje de la TB, estos variaban de acuerdo con las características de los servicios y las personas con TB. Se describieron estrategias para el tratamiento de casos difíciles: disponer de equipos interdisciplinarios, involucrar a otros actores de salud y dialogar con organizaciones de la sociedad civil bajo un enfoque territorial. Conclusiones: el control de la problemática de la TB en los grandes conglomerados urbanos presenta amplios desafíos. Desde la perspectiva del personal sanitario, se observan coyunturas que requieren la adecuación de ciertas estrategias interventoras para dar una respuesta de manera integrada.