bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subversive Surfaces: The Limits of Domestic Affection in Mary Shelley’s Later Fiction
Authors: Ellis Kate Ferguson
Published: November 2023

I am by no means indifferent to the manner in which whatever moral tendencies exist in the sentiments or characters it contains shall affect the reader. Yet my chief concern in this respect has been limited to the avoid ing [of) the enervating effects of the novels of the present day and to the exhibition of the amiableness of domestic affection and the excellence of universal virtue. 1818 Preface to Frankenstein Shelley’s conviction that it was “unwomanly to print,” that it was “an offence against the conventionalities of society,” was a learned response, the result of a head-on collision between the aggressive desire epitomized by her mother and reinforced by Percy Shelley’s Romantic ideals and, on the other hand, the conservative, conventional wisdom that delimited the woman’s proper sphere For a woman writer in the early nineteenth entury, some version of this conflict was almost inevitable. While few writers allowed their monstrosity as resonant a voice as Mary Shelley did, many other women followed her into the side streets where propriety permitted women to express desire, resentment, and even rage.
A Simple View of Colour
Authors: Campbell John
Published: November 2023

Physics tells us what is objectively there. It has no place for the colours of things. So colours are not objectively there. Hence, if there is such a thing at all, colour is mind-dependent. This argument forms the background to disputes over whether common sense makes a mistake about colours. It is assumed that the view of colour as mind-independent has been refuted by science. The issue, then, is whether the view of colour as mind-independent is somehow implicit in the phenomenology of colour vision. I want to look at the background argument which controls this dispute.
Colour, Transparency, Mind-Independence
Authors: Smith Michael
Published: November 2023

John Campbell proposes a simple view of colour. He claims that colours are:

Campbell admits that (iii) would be inconsistent with (i) if we were to embrace the ordinary idea that a mind-independent feature of reality is one that would be mentioned in an ‘absolute’ or ‘objective’ description of the world, a description we could understand after abstracting away entirely from our own points of view. But his response is to deny that mind-independence requires any such thing. What, then, does Campbell say mind-independence does require?
Theories of Moral Justification
Authors: Copp David
Published: November 2023

The standard-based theory leaves us with two central questions: First, under what conditions would a moral standard qualify as justified? And second, what is common to the content of moral propositions in virtue of which any moral proposition entails that some moral standard is justified? A theory of the content and truth conditions of moral propositions should enable us to answer both questions. The philosophically interesting thing about moral propositions is that their truth depends on the existence of relevantly justified standards, and the central philosophical problem in explaining their truth conditions is to explain the conditions under which a moral standard would be justified.
What Is Mathematics About?
Authors: Dummett Michael
Published: November 2023

The two most abstract of the intellectual disciplines, philosophy and mathematics, give rise to the same perplexity: what are they about? The perplexity does not arise solely out of ignorance: even the practitioners of these subjects may find it difficult to answer the question. Mathematics presents itself as a science in the general sense in which history is a science, namely as a sector in the quest for truth. Even those least instructed in other sciences, however, have some general idea what it is that those sciences strive to establish the truth about. Historians aim at establishing the truth about what was done by and what happened to human beings in the past; more exactly, to human beings after they had invented writing. Physicists try to discover the general properties of matter under the widest variety of conditions; more generally, of matter and of what it propagates, such as light and heat.
Random Grammars: Models of Functional Integration and Transformation
Authors: Kauffman Stuart A
Published: November 2023

In this chapter I extend the basic model of autocatalytic polymer systems in an effort to develop a new class of models for functional integration, transformation, and coevolution in biological systems. The ideas appear far more general, however, and may well extend to social systems normally considered in fields such as economics, anthropology, and perhaps even history. The topics covered in this chapter are first efforts. Only further work will reveal whether the approaches I discuss will fulfill their apparent promise.
Responsibility in Nonideal Theory
Authors: Murphy Liam B
Published: November 2023

The optimizing principle of beneficence appeared to be absurd for the simple reason that it is too demanding. But the problem of over-demandingness turned out to be far from simple, and our efforts to give it content led us to conclude that it is no problem at all. I do not sec how the problem can be rehabilitated, though of course I do not take myself to have shown that it cannot. My concern in the rest of this book is to explore a different diagnosis of the apparent absurdity of the optimizing principle of beneficence. This diagnosis. and the suggested principle of beneficence that it generates. are by no means free of their own difficulties: but they arc. I believe. more plausible than the alternatives.
Self-Control and The Self-Controlled Person
Authors: Mele Alfred R
Published: November 2023

Although akrasia has received a great deal of attention for a great many years, its opposite, enkrateia or self-control, has largely been ignored by philosophers. The reason for this, I think, is that whereas akratic behavior poses interesting difficulties for influential theories in ethics and the philosophy of mind, self-control and the behavior in which it manifests itself seem unproblematic. However, we cannot hope to understand akrasia in isolation from self-control. Indeed, the former is properly defined in terms of the latter.
Self-Control: A Paradox
Authors: Mele Alfred R
Published: November 2023

A certain paradox about self-control has gone largely unnoticed by philosophers.1 It revolves around a very plausible assumption about the relationship of motivation to intentional action-roughly, that whenever an agent acts intentionally he does what he is most motivated (occurrently) to do at the time.2 Of course, this formulation of the assumption cries out for qualification. Among other things, physical and psychological ability must be taken into account. Fortunately, refinements along these lines require little attention for present purposes.
Akratic Belief
Authors: Mele Alfred R
Published: November 2023

Although akrasia is typically treated as a strictly practical or ‘actional’ matter, its influence extends to belief as well. That it does should not be surprising. It has been recognized since antiquity that a person’s motivational condition can have a powerful bearing upon what he does or does not believe: Sophocles’s Oedipus Rex is a magnificent study of a species of this phenomenon. And some research on cognitive dissonance certainly seems to confirm this time-honored view.1 Moreover, motivated doxastic failures are often supposed to be centrally involved in self-deception; for example, the smoker who continues to believe, in the face of strong evidence to the contrary, that smoking has no causal bearing on lung cancer. In some such cases, a charge of akrasia may be in order: Perhaps a stronger person would have acknowledged the unpleasant truth of the matter.
There’s No Such Thing As Free Speech and It’s A Good Thing, Too
Authors: Fish Stanley
Published: November 2023

I appear before you, writes Stanley Fish, "by virtue of a mistake made by central casting which has tapped me for the role of ardent academic leftist, proponent of multiculturalism, and standard bearer of the politically correct." Indeed, as head of Duke University's English Department, Fish has drawn fire for supposedly championing campus speech codes (he does not, in fact); for his embrace of deconstruction (he would call himself a pragmatist), and for being a "professor who revels in his affluence" (as one journalist wrote)--despite his own status as a white male and a leading scholar in the traditional field of Renaissance literature. But as Adam Begley wrote in The New York Times Sunday Magazine, Fish is "the epitome of he academic as showman," a professor of both English and law who is "willfully provocative, politically conservative." In There's No Such Thing as Free Speech, Fish shows what all the fuss is about, with seventeen of his pivotal, provocative writings. Fish ranges across reverse discrimination, the First Amendment and hate speech codes, the nature of the law, and the state of the academy, lending his distinctive, insistent voice to the debate with sharply drawn and closely argued opinions. He goes straight to the core of America's orthodox platitudes, arguing that such liberal stand-bys as free speech, tolerance, equality, and nondiscrimination are meaningless in themselves; these concepts only exist in the context of the political views of those who invoke them (the assault on civil rights, he notes, has advanced under the David Duke banner "Equal Rights for All; Special Privileges for None"). Throughout, Fish applies techniques of literary criticism to the political debate, forcing us to examine the basis of our most sacrosanct principles. In the title essay, Fish writes that the First Amendment is "the first refuge of scoundrels." The concept of "free speech" always exists only in reference to speech which is banned in advance because it undermines the basis of a community; it takes a political struggle to decide where to draw the boundary of tolerance--and he finds good reason to put "hate speech beyond the pale. If left-leaning readers take comfort from such arguments, they will be discomforted in the second part of the book when Fish turns his searing critical attention to some of their cherished ideals and programs (including the expansion of tolerance and the politicization of humanistic studies). He concludes his critique of the academy by mocking the masochistic consumption of Volvos by affluent professors. Perhaps no other scholar in America has earned the notoriety achieved by Stanley Fish--notoriety he seems compelled to justify, relentlessly critiquing the values so many take for granted. This remarkable volume captures the essential Fish, with eloquent, witty, argumentative essays that are impossible to ignore.
Introduction: “That’s Not Fair”
Authors: Fish Stanley
Published: November 2023

In the movie version of How to Succeed in Business without Really Trying, Robert Morse, playing a Protestant version of Budd Schulberg’s Sammy Glick, insinuates himself into the firm of his heart’s desire and is assigned to the mailroom, where he finds one other co-worker who just happens to be the boss’s nephew. It turns out that one of the two will be elevated to the position of mailroom head, and the junior executive who is to make the decision announces solemnly, “I’ve been told to choose the new head of the mailroom on merit alone.” To this the boss’s nephew immediately responds, “That’s not fair.” The audience, of course, is supposed to laugh at the inappropriateness of invoking fairness as a protest against the introduction of a regime of merit, but the boss’s nephew is perfectly serious, and if we step back from the scene (as we are not encouraged to do) and look at it from his perspective, the point he wants to make comes into focus. He has been proceeding under the expectation that as the boss’s nephew he would have a leg up on any rewards that are to be distributed, and he is complaining that the rules of the game are suddenly being changed in the seventh inning. It is not so much that he is disputing the introduction of “merit” as a standard; rather, he is saying that according to the understanding that prevailed before this unhappy moment, it was a part of his merit that he was related to the head of the company.
Bad company
Authors: Fish Stanley
Published: November 2023

One of the things that has been left out of the current debates about the canon and multiculturalism is history. Few have paused to inquire into the relationship between the present controversy and controversies that have erupted in the past. The only exception to this silence about history has been the oft-repeated assertion that the proponents of revised and enlarged curricula are leftover sixties revolutionaries who have traded in their beards and beads for tweed jackets and tenured positions in the universities. So we have this rather thin account of where the multiculturalists come from, but we have had no account at all of where the antimulticulturalists come from, and my intention here is to provide one. Let me begin by rehearsing some of the main tenets. of the antimulticulturalist argument, an argument that has been recently given a concise and forceful exposition by Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., in his book The Disuniting of America: Reflections on a Multicultural Society. Schlesinger begins by sounding a call of alann, a kind of 1991 Paul Revere warning that not the British (or the Russians) but the multiculturalists are coming, and that they threaten the American way of life. He finds the threat in what he calls the “ethnic upsurge,” an “unprecedented . . . protest against the Anglocentric culture” that “today threatens to become a counterrevolution against the original theory of America as . . . a common culture, a single nation.”
Jerry falwell’s mother, or, what’s the harm?
Authors: Fish Stanley
Published: November 2023

In the November 1983 issue of Hustler, publisher Larry Flynt printed what represented itself as an interview with Jerry Falwell in which the then leader of the Moral Majority recalled his first experience of sexual intercourse. According to the interview, entitled “Jerry Falwell Talks about His First Time” and labeled in small print at the bottom of the page “ad parody,” the encounter took place in a very smelly outhouse when Falwell was dead drunk. His partner on that occasion, also drunk, was said to be his mother, who was portrayed both as sexually aggressive and extremely unattractive. In a deposition Flynt was asked whether he intended to convey to the magazine’s readers that Falwell was a liar and a hypocrite, and he replied, “Yeah.” He was then asked if it was his objective to destroy Falwell’s integrity, and he responded, I wanted “to assassinate it.” So what we have here is a false and malicious depiction of two people with the avowed intention of wounding one so that his ability to function as a minister of the gospel would be destroyed. The Supreme Court held that Flynt’s action was a constitutionally protected instance of free speech and that Falwell could not recover damages either for libel, invasion of privacy, or intention to inflict emotional harm.
Liberalism Doesn’t Exist
Authors: Fish Stanley
Published: November 2023

This brief essay was written in response to Stephen Carter’s “Evolutionism, Creationism, and Treating Religion as a Hobby” [Duke Law Journal, December 1987, 977-996]. Professor Carter explores the tension between liberal rationalism and the claims of religious faith. He observes that although liberalism presents itself as the protector of religious freedoms, it is “really derogating religious belief in favor of other, more ‘rational’ methods of understanding the world.” “Liberalism,” he says, is “curiously intolerant.” It is my thesis that there is nothing curious about liberalism’s intolerance, since like any other ideology it must reject as beyond the pale anything that does not conform to its constitutive principle. The fact that liberals like to think of themselves as the apostles of tolerance only testifies to the strength of the blindness with which they pursue their (non)program.)
The Young and the Restless
Authors: Fish Stanley
Published: November 2023

This essay appeared at the conclusion of The New Historicism, a volume in which a group of well-known scholars and critics present the case for and against the movement named by Stephen Greenblatt.) As a privileged first reader of these essays I want to comment on the many and varied pleasures they provide. Whatever the New Historicism is or isn’t, the energies mounted on its behalf or in opposition to its (supposed) agenda are impressive and galvanizing. In a brief afterword, as this is intended to be, I cannot do justice to the arguments and demonstrations of more than twenty pieces, but some things, while perhaps obvious, should at least be noted. The footnotes to some of the essays (see particularly Newton, Klancher, Pecora, Montrose, Marcus, and Fineman) are alone worth the price of admission; they illustrate even more than the essays themselves the richness and diversity of concerns that cluster around the questions raised by the banner of a New Historicism. One is grateful also for the glimpse into new (and at least for this literary scholar) uncharted territories—the politics of modern Indonesia (Pecora), the political emplotment of Latin American narrative (Franco), the fortunes of feminism in the First World War (Marcus), the history of art’s efforts to be historical (Bann).
Infinity in Mathematics: Is Cantor Necessary?
Authors: Feferman Solomon
Published: November 2023

Since the rise of abstract mathematics in Greek times, mathematicians have had to grapple with the problems of infinity in many guises. When mathematics became an integral part of physical science it could be used to formulate precise answers to age-old questions: Is space infinite? Did time have a beginning? Will it have an end? Modern cosmological theories now marshal considerable physical evidence to support the finitude of space and time. But whether or not (or how) infinity is manifested in the physical universe, mathematics requires at its base the use of various infinite arithmetical and geometrical structures. Without these no coherent system of mathematics is possible, and since mathematics is essential for the formulation of physical theories, there is also no science without these uses of the infinite at the base.
The Synthesis Of Life
Authors: Young Louise B
Published: November 2023

Life is movement and color, sound and light. It is the whirr of pigeon wings at sunset, the lonely cry of a coyote on a distant hill, the flicker of fireflies on a summer night. From common, everyday ingredients like dust and stone, air and water, nature has spun these ephemeral forms, “these unique and never recur­ ring patterns in the stream of time.” The form of a living thing is not anchored to the substance that embodies it. As in a whirlpool, the shape of the whole is retained while matter flows into it and out. The shape itself evolves with time and yet the identity of the organism is preserved; the whole time-dependent pattern is replicated and multiplied from generation to generation. The invention of life has set form free to dance through time and space, endlessly recreating its own image like a ballerina performing in a hall of a thousand mirrors.
Entropy and Evolution
Authors: Young Louise B
Published: November 2023

In 1851 William Thomson, who later became Lord Kelvin, presented to the Royal Society of Edinburgh a paper on the dynamic theory of heat. This paper set forth the principle of conservation of energy, later known as the First Law of Thermodynamics, and another principle concerned with the dissipation of useful energy, now called the Second Law. Kelvin, who held the chair of natural philosophy at the University of Glasgow, worked at a time when improvements in mechanical devices such as the steam engine were transforming life in the Western world. Along with Nicolas Carnot in France and James Prescott Joule in England, he laid the foundations for the science of heat and its transformation into mechanical work. These contributions had a deep and wide-ranging influence on the physical science of the nineteenth century.
The Institutionalization of Experimental Physiology
Authors: Tuchman Arleen Marcia
Published: November 2023

Grand Duke Friedrich’s rise to power and his appointment of Franz Freiherr von Stengel to the ministry of interior had a significant impact on university politics. Although Baden had not experienced a severe reaction, support for political liberalism in the 1850s had waned in comparison with the Vonniirz period, and this had influenced university appointments. The indifference of the government toward Henle’s and Pfeufer’s departure, and its appointment of Arnold, must all be understood within the context of the political debates between liberals and conservatives that had figured so prominently in the early 1850s. The year 1856 signaled a change in the political atmosphere and, by association, in the government’s attitude to ward the university. At a time when conservatives dominated most German state ministries, von Stengel was allying himself with liberal faculty members, working with them to reform the university. One of the first problems he tackled was the reform of the medical faculty.
“Amy, Who Knew My Disease”: A Psychosexualpattern In Defoe’s Roxana
Authors: Castle Terry
Published: November 2023

Early in Defoe’s Roxana, the plain facts of narrative suddenly suspend and shape themselves into an astonishing archetypal configuration.
Lovelace’s Dream
Authors: Castle Terry
Published: November 2023

One week after Clarissa has been drugged and raped, has fallen into madness and out of it, she begins to plot. She meditates an escape-from Mrs. Sinclair’s brothel and from Lovelace. Her plot involves bribing Dorcas the servant with an offer of future rewards if she will help her get away. Dorcas, hypocritically agreeable, immediately informs Lovelace, who is put on his guard. The tricky servant confirms his maxim, repeated for Belford, that “the bond of wickedness is a stronger bond than the ties of virtue” (III, 247).1 Yet the vision of his “charmer” “plotting” to escape lingers too in his imagination and excites him. So confident is he of his control over Clarissa he toys with the idea of letting her escape on purpose, simply in order to recapture her and thus demonstrate once more his ineluctable power over her. He half-hopes also to force her by this means into that marriage which he now claims, almost convincing himself, he wants with her. “I cannot live without intrigue,” he writes to Belford. And of Clarissa he adds, with mock-portentousness, “She is now authorizing all my plots by her own example” (24.’3). At precisely this moment in the fiction Lovelace has a waking dream. In this daytime “reverie,” which he describes to Belford in one of his June 20 letters, Clarissa does in fact escape him, or seem to.
Musical Families
Authors: Stokes W Royal
Published: November 2023

A jazz musician’s education generally consists of a combination of some, most, or all of the following: listening to records, radio, and live performance; classroom instruction; participation in school bands; private lessons; membership in combos with one’s peers while still in school; jam sessions; and on-the-job training with professionals.
Introduction
Authors: Lyons David
Published: November 2023

Rights play a leading role in moral thinking but present puzzles to moral theory: What is it to have a right? Are rights compatible with steadfast service of the general welfare? The essays collected in this volume address those issues.
The Translation Method and the Tensed and Tenseless Theories of Time
Authors: Smith Quentin
Published: November 2023

The current opinion of proponents of the tenseless theory of time is that the argument that tensed sentences (or sentence-utterances) are untranslatable by tenseless sentences (or sentence-utterances) is insufficient to establish the tensed theory of time. Indeed, it is widely believed today that this argument provides no evidence at all for the tensed theory of time.1 I shall make the case in this chapter that this belief is false. Specifically, I shall contend that an argument for the untranslatability thesis, along with a defense of the logical coherency and scientific viability of the tensed theory of time, provides adequate evidence for the tensed theory. After I make this case, I shall proceed to argue (in chapters 2-4) that tensed sentences and sentence-utterances are untranslatable by tenseless ones. This will prepare the way for the defense of presentism in part II.
Presentness as a Logical Subject of Tenseless Sentences
Authors: Smith Quentin
Published: November 2023

In chapter 5 I argued that presentness is a logical subject of all A-sentences and a metaphysical subject of all A-states of affairs. This is perhaps the most initially plausible and easiest-to-grasp part of presentism, for the remaining doctrines do not have any significant degree of “intuitive obviousness” about them. Indeed, they seem, on the face of it, to be implausible. It seems counterintuitive to hold that all tenseless sentences, be they B-sentences, empirical generalizations, or analytic sentences, refer to presentness and ascribe to it some monadic property. It further seems that if there is any argument that shows presentness to be a logical subject of these sentences, similar arguments must show that other properties are also universal logical subjects, such as the trivially essential properties of self-identity, or oneness, or being something.
The Palms of the Amazon
Authors: Henderson Andrew
Published: November 2023

The treatment given here includes all the palms occurring naturally within the Amazon region delimited in Chapter 1. Cultivated palms are excluded; accounts of them are found, for example, in Hoyos and Braun (1984) and in Blombery and Rodd (1982). Some other naturally occurring species, particularly those from drier areas north and south of the Amazon, may just reach into the region. These are excluded, since they can harly be considered Amazon palms. Examples are, in the north (particularly the savanna areas of northern Bolivar State, Venezuela), Copernicia tectorum(Kunth) Mart., Roystonea oleracea(Jacq.)0. F. Cook, and Sabal mauritiiformis(H. Karst.) Griseb. & H. Wendl.; in the south, Allagoptera leucocalyx(Drude) Kuntze, Astrocaryum campestreMart., and Copernicia albaMorong. Species found above 500 m elevation in the Guayana Highland are also exeluded. These are Geonoma appunianaSpruce, Geonoma simpliczfronsWilld., and Prestoea tenuiramosa(Dammer) H. E. Moore. Occasionally, Andean species may just reach below 500m elevation on eastern Andean slopes in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia-for example, Geonoma jussieuanaMart.-but these are also excluded.
Stability Semantics
Authors: Yaqub Aladdin M
Published: November 2023

Stability semantics is a collection of infinitely many formal semantical systems that share a common core: each is a natural candidate for formalizing the revision process described in the previous chapter. In other words, stability semantics is a type of formal semantics whose instances are the semantical systems that are natural candidates for representing formally the revision process. The goal of this chapter is to develop this type of formal semantics and describe some of the important notions connected with it. In the first section we introduce the syntax of the formal languages under consideration. Then, in Section 2.2, we describe the general theory of stability semantics. The third section is devoted to an example that illustrates the central features of this type of formal semantics. In Section 2.4 we describe the rich variety of semantical behavior that is identified and classified by any system of stability semantics.
To Clorissa
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

To your lov’d Bosom pleas’d Marissaflies; That place where sacred Friendship gives a Right, And where ten thousand Charms invite. Let others Pow’r and awful Greatness prize; Let them exchange their Innocence and Fame For the dear Purchase of a mighty Name: Let greedy Wretches hug their darling Store, The tempting Product of their Toils adore, And still with anxious Souls, desire and grasp at more: While I disdain to have my Bliss confin’d To things which Fortune can bestow, or take,
To the Ladies
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

Wife and Servant are the same, But only differ in the Name: For when that fatal Knot is ty’d, Which nothing, nothing can divide: When she the word obeyhas said, And Man by Law supreme has made, Then all that’s kind is laid aside, And nothing left but State and Pride: Fierce as an Eastern Prince he grows, And all his innate Rigor shows: Then but to look, to laugh, or speak, Will the Nuptial Contract break. Like Mutes she Signs alone must make, And never any Freedom take: But still be govern’d by a Nod, And fear her Husband as her God: Him still must serve, him still obey, And nothing act, and nothing say, But what her haughty Lord thinks fit, Who with the Pow’r, has all the Wit.
To the Queen’smost Excellent Majesty
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

Permit me at Your Royal Feet to lay This humble Off ring of a trembling Muse; Permit me there to pay This Tribute to transcendent Merit due; To that transcendent Merit which conspicuous is in You. Bold is th’Address, and the Presumption high! But she all meaner Objects does refuse, To this vast height will fly, And hopes Your Goodness will th’ambitious Flight excuse. I strove a while her Ardor to conceal, Unseen it burnt within my Breast; But now impetuous grows, and will it self reveal; ‘Tis much too strong to be supprest. What was at first but Warmth, now to a Flame do’s rise, On you she gazes with admiring Eyes, And ev’ry lower Object does despise: Pardon her Transports, since from Zeal they spring, And give her Leave of You to sing; Of You, the noblest Theme that she can chuse, Of You, who’re with Ten thousand Graces fraught, Of You, who far exceed the widest Bounds of Thought: In whom as to their Centre Lines are drawn, All those bright Qualities in one combine, Which did till now with scatter’d Glory shine; Appear’d till now but in their Dawn:
A Pindarick Ode
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

Pleasures, like Syrens, still invite, And with delusive Charms, Bewitching Baits of soft Delight, Allure th’unwary to their Arms: The thoughtless Many drawn away By sweet inticing Lays, Soon fall a voluntary Prey, And meanly end their Days; While the more manly, and the brave, Themselves by Resolution save: As on the boist’rous Sea of Life they sail, With watchful Eyes, A Vigilance which ne’er can fail, They mark the Skies, the Rocks, the Sands: Still at the Helm their Reason stands, When she the fatal Isle descries, And each Inchantress sees prepare To tune her Voice, and lay her Snare. She loudly cries,0 my lov’d Charge, beware: Fly, quickly fly that dang’rous Shore; see! with Bones ‘tis cover’d o’er: Let others Ruin make you wise; Such Souls alone with Airs Divine Always themselves delight: In vain their Skill the Tempters try, They both the Tempters, and their Skill defie; Their Notes are lost in Strains more bold and high, Asham’d they quit their vain Design, And full of anxious Spight, With drooping Heads repine; While th’ joyful Victors onward move, And chaunt the Praise of him above, Of him, who does their Art bestow, From whom harmonious Numbers flow: Thrice happy they who thus can live, Can on the mounting Billows ride, Can to themselves Contentment give, And void of Fear, and void of Pride, To lofty Heights themselves can raise, And sweetly warble out their Days, Regardless of designing, meaner Lays.
The Choice
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

A Dialogue between Emiliaand Marissa.Virtue sure’s th’ only Treasure, Th’ only solid lasting Pleasure: It does our Souls, our Thoughts refine, And gives us Joys almost Divine.It may a while obscur’d remain, But soon its Lustre will regain; Like Phrebuschase the Shades away, And bring again triumphant Day: Censures like Clouds sometimes appear, And keep its Rays from shining clear: But having reach’d Meridian Height, They fly before its conqu’ring Light; Before that Light whose glorious Blaze Does trembling guilty Souls amaze, And from its dazling Seat on high Disperses Splendor thro’ the Skie: Pale Envy sickens at the Sight, And full of Shame, and full of Spite, To the dark nether World returns, And there, her Disappointment mourns: But oh! my dearest Friend, I find That Malice still is left behind: Alas! that Fury never sleeps, But thro’ the World still slily creeps, Each Day a new Disguise she takes, Each Day some diff’rent Figure makes: Like Zeal and Pity she appears, And drown’d in false dissembling Tears, Often the Mask of Friendship wears, And with a Shew of Love insnares, On me she’s bent to wreak her Spite, And with her dire Attacks affright: And bright as Fire, and light as Air, To the superior World repair; To glorious Seats, and Realms Divine, Where Love do’s in Perfection shine: Love undisguis’d, without alloy, Noble, pure, and full of Joy, Sincere, and strong, and still the same, One steady, bright, immortal Flame: There, there our Friendship we’ll improve, Together tast the Sweets of Love; Still in each other’s Bliss rejoice, And prove one Soul, one Thought, one Voice; In nothing ever disagree, Throughout a blest Eternity.
One of Lucian sDialogues of the Dead Paraphras’d
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

Diogenes.0 Pollux,when thou next revisit’st Light, Menippusto these nether Realms invite; Tell him, if he’s not tir’d with Fools above, Where all that’s said, and done, his Mirth does move, He’ll here fit Subjects for his Laughter find, New Scenes of Madness to divert his Mind: For tho’ blind Mortals no Ideas have Of any thing beyond the silent Grave, But vainly fancy, as their Toil and Care, So too their Souls find equal Periods there, And all the dislodg’d Atoms mingle with the Air. Yet here are no such impious Scepticks found, Each Place does with complaining Ghosts abound: He sure with me would full of Wonder gaze On mighty Men whose glorious Acts amaze, Who conquer’d Kingdoms, and who Thrones did grace, And left their Sceptres to their God-like Race, Here, undistinguish’d from the meanest Shade, Depriv’d of Grandeur, and by none obey’d: They by no other marks can now be known, But Sighs, and Groans, and sad Complaints alone: But bid him with him some Provisions bring, A Crust were here a Present for a King: He’ll here find nothing Nature to sustain, Throughout the vast Extent of this dark empty Plain.
The Preface
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

The retir’d Life I live in the Country, affording me much Leisure, I thought I could not employ it more advantageously, or to better purpose, than in Paraphrasing the Hymn of the Three Children; which I think to be a very fit Subject for a Pindarick Ode, because it Comprehends all the Works of Nature, and excites not only Angels and Men, the noblest and most exalted Parts of the Creation, but also Brutes, Plants, and inanimate Beings, to pay a grateful Tribute of Praise to their bountiful Creator.
Of Anger
Authors: Ezell Margaret J M
Published: November 2023

Anger in the moral World, is the same that a Hurricane is in the natural; it raises a violent Tempest in the Soul, clouds the Judgment, overturns the Reason, shatters the Understanding, puts a resistless Force on the Will, crouds the Memory with black Idea’s, with infernal Images, Thunders from the Tongue, Darts pointed Lightning from the Eyes, sometimes breaks forth into Flouds of Tears, and too often vents its Fury in Deluges of Blood: It throws the Thoughts into the utmost Confusion; they appear like a troubled Sea, where Billow meets with Billow, one Wave with deafning Horrour breaks upon another; sometimes the mounting Surges almost reach the Sky, and then are on a sudden thrown low as the Center of the Earth: The Mind is furiously agitated, the whole Body disorder’d; there is nothing within but Hurry and Tumult, nothing to be seen without but Fierceness and Rage, Convulsive Motions, staring Eyes, broken Sentences, frightful Looks, Faces pale as Death, or red as Blood: In a word, a Mixture of Folly and Madness, Man and Beast blended together, or rather something more savage; something crueller than hungry Lions, than provok’d Tigers.
Structure, Reproduction, and Development
Authors: Farley Roger
Published: November 2023

In the absence of fossils, some aspects of scorpion evolution may be inferred from examination of embryos and comparison with structures in related taxa. In this chapter, scorpion reproduction and development are examined in relation to paleontological information. Extant scorpions are viviparous and. unlike many other arthropods, they do not have a separate larval stage with extensive transformation during metamorphosis to the adult (Hjelle, 1990; Polis and Sissom, 1990; Farley, HJ99a). The embryos may thereby demonstrate some changes that occurred in the evolution of adult structures of present terrestrial forms. Gould (1977) and Willmer (1990) discuss uncertainties and the caution that must be applied to infer recapitulation from embryonic structures.
Historical Biogeography
Authors: Due A Denise
Published: November 2023

Biogeography is the study of the distribution of plants and animals. For nearly two centuries, scientists, naturalists, and conservationists have sought to understand biogeographic patterns exhibited by various taxa throughout the world. These studies range from examinations of the distribution and numbers of species in entire biotas on a global scale to investigations of a single species at a local level. A primary goal of contemporary biogeography is to determine the processes that produce the observed patterns.
Fractal Aspects of Protein Structure
Authors: Dewey T Gregory
Published: November 2023

Proteins are individually sculpted molecules the three-dimensional structure of which is dictated by their amino acid sequence. They are heteropolymers with a variable composition of 20 different amino acids. The amino acid sequence is referred to as the primary structure. For most proteins, the information contained in the primary structure is sufficient to dictate the three-dimensional folding of the protein. The peptide linkages that join the amino acid residues are planar and have two characteristic dihedral angles associated with them. These bond rotations are referred to as the and ‘I’ angles. For steric reasons, the bond angles of proteins fall in localized regions of space. These regions can be used to classify the secondary structural units. Commonly discussed secondary structural units are the alpha helix, beta sheet, beta tum, and random coil. The specification of the folded configuration of the chain is called the tertiary structure. The varied composition and nature of amino acid side-groups result in a range of possible interactions within the polymer. Because of the compact structure of most proteins, amino acid residues that are at distant points in the sequence can be in close proximity in the folded state. These distant residues can be linked by disulfide bridges, salt bridges (electrostatic), or hydrogen bonds. These long-range interactions help dictate the final three-dimensional structure of the molecule.
The Multifractality of Biomacromolecules
Authors: Dewey T Gregory
Published: November 2023

The multifractal formalism provides a method of characterizing complex structures and dynamics (for reviews see Pieteronero et al., 1988; Stanley and Meakin, 1988; Tel, 1988). It has been used to investigate a diversity of phenomena such as diffusion-limited aggregation, dielectric breakdown, and turbulence. This formalism allows the association of fractal dimensions with specific, configurational subsets of a given statistical problem. There are two general types of problem that have been treated. In the first case, a single, complicated physical structure is considered and fractal dimensions of subsets of this structure are determined using box-counting algorithms (see Meisel et al., 1992). This approach has been successfully used to characterize growth probabilities in aggregation models (see Vicsek, 1992). The second case investigates the multifractal nature of an ensemble of structures or trajectories (Evertsz and Lyklema, 1987). For random walk problems, subsets of trajectories can be partitioned into equivalence classes with identical fractal dimensionalities. Evertsz and Lyklema developed this approach to define a generalized mean square displacement exponent for a specific linear growth model. This application is closely related to the multifractal description of tree structures used to characterize generalized Cantor sets and dynamical processes (Halsey et al., 1986; Sarkar, 1987; Feigenbaum et al., 1986, 1989).
Fractons and Vibrational Relaxation in Proteins
Authors: Dewey T Gregory
Published: November 2023

In his book on random walks, Howard Berg makes the memorable statement: “Biology is wet and dynamic” (Berg, 1983). Indeed, biochemical processes are inextricably linked to the solution chemistry of the aqueous milieu. One might anticipate a continuum description, as given in Chapter 5, as being the most appropriate for the diffusive processes of biochemistry. There is, nevertheless, considerable interest in discrete or “jump” transport processes. Such processes often provide a convenient mathematical limit for studying continuum events. However, discrete models are more than mathematical devices. The starting point for the formulation of vibrational relaxation in complex media are differential-difference equations. These equations have a rich phenomenology and can give rise to complex oscillatory and chaotic processes. The focus of the present chapter will be on vibrational processes in proteins. There are a number of other biological settings that are appropriately described by jump processes. Examples as diverse as the motion of flagellated bacteria and exciton transport in photosystems fall in this realm. In the companion chapter that follows (Chapter 8), we consider discrete processes resulting from the decoding of sequence information in DNA and proteins.
Simple Alternatives to the Strong View
Authors: Kvanvig Jonathan L
Published: November 2023

So far, we have seen several versions of the strong view of hell that are inadequate, and the kinds of problems these versions have encountered suggest that no version of the strong view can be acceptable. In response to this problem, the simplest path might seem to be to delete one of (H1)-(H4), the theses that in combination yield the strong view, from one’s account of hell. This approach maintains an intellectual economy of effort; it can presuppose the fundamental picture of hell maintained by the strong view and yet hope to give an account that avoids the difficulties plaguing that view. As we shall see, the most common alternatives to the strong view result from dropping one of the theses of that view, thereby lending support to the suggestion that within the strong view is to be found, in the terminology of Imre Lakatos, the “hard core” of a research program aimed at finding an adequate solution to the problem of hell. Such alternatives to the strong view are what I call “simple alternatives.” In arguing that all such views are inadequate, I begin with the two that can be dismissed most easily, the alternatives that deny the Existence Thesis and the No Escape Thesis, respectively. After completing an investigation of all simple alternatives to the strong view, I will suggest why the defects with simple alternatives, combined with the results of the last chapter, show that the approach to the problem of hell shared by both the strong view and its simple alternatives is, again in Lakatosian terminology, a degenerative one. That is, the assumption is false that one can find within the strong view of hell a hard core that represents the proper approach to solving the problem of hell.
“The Angel Must Hang!”: Inescapable Moral Wrongdoing in Melville s Billy Budd
Authors: Gowans Christopher W
Published: November 2023

Moral conflict is an obvious fact of our experience. Everyone has faced situations in which it appears that some moral reasons support one course of action and other moral reasons support an incompatible course of action. In these situations we sometimes feel that we must choose “the lesser of two evils.” Moral conflicts have occasioned a good deal of moral philosophy. Most concerns have been casuistical: They have focused on the questions “What is the correct resolution of these conflicts? ” and “How is this resolution to be determined? ” My concern is different. I want to consider whether or not there are moral conflicts in which, irrespective of the correct resolution, whatever the agent does he or she will do something that is, in some sense, morally wrong. Many philosophers maintain that in every moral conflict some course of action that is wholly free from wrongdoing is available to the agent (though it may be difficult, and per haps in some cases virtually impossible, to know what this action is). In my view, these philosophers are mistaken. We may find ourselves in moral conflicts in which, through no fault of our own, we will do something morally wrong no matter what we do. In these situations we may choose the lesser of two evils and hence act for the best. But in acting for the best we still choose an evil, and in this sense we do something wrong. Moral wrongdoing may thus be inescapable. My aim in this book is to defend this position.
The Phenomenological Argument for the Remainders Thesis
Authors: Gowans Christopher W
Published: November 2023

In this chapter I begin my argument for the central positive thesis of the book: that there are moral conflicts in which moral wrongdoing in some sense is inescapable. DT would obviously support this thesis, but I have rejected DT. Hence, the first step in defending my position is to explain the difference between it and DT. My claim is that in situations where an agent cannot do both A and B, though the correct conclusion of moral deliberation could not be that both OA and OB, nonetheless in some of these situations an agent would do something morally wrong no matter what he or she did. I call this position the Remainders Thesis, because it maintains that deliberation may leave a “moral remainder” that renders an action morally wrong, in some sense, even if performing the action fulfills what is required by the deliberative conclusion in that situation.