bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early-Life Environmental Factors, IFN-γ Methylation Patterns, and Childhood Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Li Youjin , Rui Xiaoqing , Ma Beiying , Jiang Fan , Chen Jie
Published: January 2019

Background: While early-life risk factors are known to influence the risk of allergies, the biological mechanisms underlying this observation are unclear. The aim of this study was to examine whether DNA methylation in childhood could underlie the association between early-life risk factors and allergic rhinitis (AR). Methods: In total, 234 patients, aged 6 years, were recruited, i.e., 114 were patients with AR (AR group) and 120 healthy children without AR (NAR group). The DNA methylation patterns of the IFN-γ promoter regions in CD4+ cells were analyzed using bisulfite sequencing. The percentage of Th1 was investigated by flow cytometry. The relationship among DNA methylation, early-life environment, and AR was examined. Results: After adjusting for several likely confounders, there was a higher likelihood of AR in children who had mothers with allergies than in children who had nonallergic mothers (OR = 5.19; 95% CI 1.18–29.41), in children who were born in autumn or winter than in children who were born in the summer or spring (OR = 2.69; 95% CI 1.34–5.40), and in children who lived with indoor carpet or wallpaper than in children who lived without indoor carpet or wallpaper (OR = 4.14; 95% CI 2.05–8.30). Compared to the NAR group, the AR group had higher mean methylation levels of the promoter region in IFN-γY, and lower numbers of IFN-γ+CD4+ cells were associated with autumn-winter birthdates. The season of birth had an indirect effect on AR at 6 years, which was mediated by the mean IFN-γ promoter methylation level. Conclusions: This study suggests that early-life environments affect AR, and this is supported by the finding of IFN-γY methylation as a mediator of the effect of an individual’s season of birth on AR.
Nivolumab Induced Lethal Aplastic Anemia in a Patient with Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Rouvinov Keren , Nalbandyan Karen , Kozlov Victor , Peled Nir , Yakobson Alexander
Published: January 2019

Nivolumab is an active treatment in patients with metastatic melanoma. We report a case of a patient with metastatic malignant melanoma who was given nivolumab as an advanced-line treatment. She received nivolumab 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks for 4 cycles and developed aplastic anemia. To the best of our knowledge, there are only three published case reports that have shown aplastic anemia in patients who have been treated by immunotherapy. This is the first report of a lethal aplastic anemia during nivolumab monotherapy in a metastatic melanoma patient.
Drivers of Variation in 90-Day Episode Payments After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Sukul Devraj , Seth Milan , Dupree James M. , Syrjamaki John D. , Ryan Andrew M. , Nallamothu Brahmajee K. , Gurm Hitinder S.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a common and expensive procedure that has become a target for bundled payment initiatives. We described the magnitude and determinants of variation in 90-day PCI episode payments across a diverse array of patients and hospitals.

Methods and Results:

We linked clinical registry data from PCIs performed at 33 Michigan hospitals to 90-day episodes of care constructed using Medicare fee-for-service and commercial insurance claims from January 2012 to October 2016. Payments were price standardized and risk adjusted using clinical and administrative variables in an observed-over-expected framework. Hospitals were stratified into quartiles based on average episode payments. Payment components between the highest and the lowest quartiles were compared with identified drivers of variation (ie, index hospitalization/procedure, readmissions, postacute care, and professional fees). Among 40 925 90-day PCI episodes, the average risk-adjusted 90-day episode payment by hospital ranged between $22 154 and $27 205 with a median of $24 696 (interquartile range, $24 190–$25 643). Hospitals in the lowest and the highest quartiles had average episode payments of $23 744 and $26 504, respectively (difference, $2760). Readmission payments were the primary driver of this variation (46.2%), followed by postacute care (22.6%). Readmissions remained the primary driver of variation in key subgroups, including inpatient and outpatient PCI, as well as PCI for acute myocardial infarction and nonacute myocardial infarction indications.

Conclusions:

Substantial hospital-level variation exists in 90-day PCI episode payments. Over half the variation between high- and low-payment hospitals was related to care after the index procedure, primarily because of readmissions and postacute care. Hospitals and policymakers should consider targeting these components when developing initiatives to reduce PCI-related spending.
Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Clinical Outcomes in Patients With ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Biswas Sinjini , Andrianopoulos Nick , Duffy Stephen J. , Lefkovits Jeffrey , Brennan Angela , Walton Antony , Chan William , Noaman Samer , Shaw James A. , Ajani Andrew , Clark David J. , Freeman Melanie , Hiew Chin , Oqueli Ernesto , Reid Christopher M. , Stub Dion
Published: January 2019

Background:

Low socioeconomic status (SES) has been previously shown to be associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes. However, unlike in Australia, many of these studies have been performed in countries without universal healthcare where SES may be expected to have a greater impact on care and outcomes. We sought to determine whether there is an association between SES and baseline characteristics, clinical outcomes and use of secondary prevention therapy in patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods and Results:

We prospectively collected data on 5665 consecutive ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction PCI patients between 2005 and 2015 from 6 government-funded hospitals participating in a multicenter registry. Patients were categorized into SES quintiles using the Index of Relative Socioeconomic Disadvantage system, a score allocated to each residential postcode based on factors like income, educational level, and employment status by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. In our study, lower SES patients were more likely to have diabetes mellitus, smoke, and initially present to a non-PCI capable hospital (all
P
≤0.01). Among primary PCI patients, the median time to reperfusion was slightly higher in lower SES groups (211 [144–337] versus 193 [145–285] minutes,
P
<0.001). Drug-eluting stent use was higher in the higher SES groups (
P
<0.001). At 12 months after PCI, lower SES patients had higher rates of ongoing smoking and lower use of guideline-recommended secondary prevention therapy (both
P
<0.01). Despite these differences, SES group was not found to be an independent predictor of 12-month major adverse cardiovascular events.

Conclusions:

Lower SES patients have more comorbidities and experienced slightly longer reperfusion times but otherwise similar care. Despite these baseline differences, clinical outcomes after ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction PCI were similar regardless of SES.
Urinary Levels of Trimethylamine‐N‐Oxide and Incident Coronary Heart Disease: A Prospective Investigation Among Urban Chinese Adults
Authors: Yu Danxia , Shu Xiao‐Ou , Rivera Emilio S. , Zhang Xianglan , Cai Qiuyin , Calcutt Marion W. , Xiang Yong‐Bing , Li Honglan , Gao Yu‐Tang , Wang Thomas J. , Zheng Wei
Published: January 2019

Background

Trimethylamine‐N‐oxide (
TMAO
), a diet‐derived, gut microbial–host cometabolite, has been associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patient populations; however, evidence is lacking from prospective studies conducted in general populations and non‐Western populations.

Methods and Results

We evaluated urinary levels of
TMAO
and its precursor metabolites (ie, choline, betaine, and carnitine) in relation to risk of coronary heart disease (
CHD
) among Chinese adults in a nested case–control study, including 275 participants with incident
CHD
and 275 individually matched controls. We found that urinary
TMAO
, but not its precursors, was associated with risk of
CHD
. The odds ratio for the highest versus lowest quartiles of
TMAO
was 1.91 (95% CI, 1.08–3.35;
P
trend
=0.008) after adjusting for
CHD
risk factors including obesity, diet, lifestyle, and metabolic diseases and 1.75 (95% CI, 0.96–3.18;
P
trend
=0.03) after further adjusting for potential confounders or mediators including central obesity, dyslipidemia, inflammation, and intake of seafood and deep‐fried meat or fish, which were associated with
TMAO
level in this study. The odds ratio per standard deviation increase in log‐
TMAO
was 1.30 (95% CI, 1.03–1.63) in the fully adjusted model. A history of diabetes mellitus modified the
TMAO
–
CHD
association. A high
TMAO
level (greater than or equal to versus lower than the median) was associated with odds ratios of 6.21 (95% CI, 1.64–23.6) and 1.56 (95% CI, 1.00–2.43), respectively, among diabetic and nondiabetic participants (
P
interaction
=0.02). Diabetes mellitus status also modified the associations of choline, betaine, and carnitine with risk of
CHD
; significant positive associations were found among diabetic participants, but null associations were noted among total and nondiabetic participants.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that
TMAO
may accelerate the development of
CHD
, highlighting the importance of diet–gut microbiota–host interplay in cardiometabolic health.
Descriptions of Brasilonema geniculatum and Calothrix dumus (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria): two new taxa isolated from cemetery tombstones
Authors: VILLANUEVA CHELSEA D. , GARVEY ALYSSA D. , HAŠLER PETR , DVOŘÁK PETR , POULÍČKOVÁ ALOISIE , NORWICH ALYSON R. , CASAMATTA DALE A.
Published: January 2019

Cyanobacteria are common members of epilithic communities, contributing fixed carbon and nitrogen, providing UV light shielding pigments, helping to retain water, and in general stabilizing particles. Conversely, biofouling by cyanobacteria is of great concern in the U.S. and abroad. The epilithic growth of cyanobacteria on cultural monuments has been long noted, yet the basic systematics and diversity of these organisms is poorly understood. This paper describes two novel cyanobacteria isolated from cemetery tombstones from Jacksonville, Florida (USA). Using a total evidence approach of ecology, morphology, ITS structure, and molecular data we present two taxa new to science: Brasilonema geniculatum and Calothrix dumus. We note that tombstones represent an intriguing habitat for sampling cyanobacteria due to their ubiquity, stability, and cultural importance.
Lecanicillium coprophilum (Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales), a new species of fungus from the feces of Marmota monax in China
Authors: SU LEI , ZHU HUA , GUO YAXI , DU XIAOPENG , GUO JIANGUO , ZHANG LIN , QIN CHUAN
Published: January 2019

Species in Lecanicillium are pathogens that parasitize various arthropods, nematodes, and other fungi. In an investigation of intestinal fungi associated with Marmota monax in China, three strains belonging to the genus Lecanicillium were isolated from the fresh fecal samples. Based on multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of the combined sequences (ITS, LSU, SSU, TEF, RPB1 and RPB2) and morphological characteristics, all species in Lecanicillium were well-separated. The three intestinal strains were assigned to a new species described as L. coprophilum in this paper. The new species differs morphologically from other Lecanicillium species by its dimensions of conidiogenous cells and conidia, the shape of conidia, dictyochlamydospores and swollen hyphae. The differences of L. coprophilum from other Lecanicillium species and closely related taxa are briefly discussed.
Taxonomic notes on West Palaearctic species of Lauxania Latreille, Sapromyza Fallén, Calliopum Strand and Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, with a description of a new species of Minettia (Diptera, Acalyptrata: Lauxaniidae) from Morocco
Authors: EBEJER MARTIN J.
Published: January 2019

Taxonomic characters separating the genera Lauxania, Calliopum and Sapromyza are discussed. The taxonomy of Sapromyza sordida, S. halidayi and S. tuberculosa is revised. Sapromyza sordida and S. halidayi are proposed junior synonyms of S. tuberculosa, which is transferred to Calliopum, comb. nov. The Minettia punctiventris group of species is characterized and the following taxonomic changes are proposed: Minettia suillorum (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), = Sapromyza tinctiventris Rondani, 1868—syn. nov.; = Sapromyza muricata Becker, 1895—syn. nov.; = Sapromyza subtinctiventris Papp, 1981—syn. nov. Minettia aenigmatica sp. n. is described within this group.
The Online Support Group as a Community: A Thematic Content Analysis of an Online Support Group for Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis
Authors: Haik Daniel , Kashanchi Kevin , Tajran Sarah , Heilbronn Cameron , Anderson Catherine , Francis David Oliver , Gelbard Alexander , Verma Sunil Pal
Published: January 2019

Objective:

Idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) is a rare disease with few local resources for individuals to use. With the explosive growth of online social networking, platforms such as Facebook possess compelling potential to facilitate user-driven sharing of health information and peer support. This study was performed to better understand the content shared in a busy online community for individuals with iSGS.

Methods:

The largest online community (OC) for individuals with iSGS, Living With Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis (LwiSGS), was examined. A thematic content analysis of the communications shared in February of 2018 was performed. A conventional qualitative analysis model was employed to analyze aggregated data. The data were then codified.

Results:

Analysis demonstrated that communications primarily encompassed three major thematic elements: (1) information sharing; (2) emotional support, expression, and experience sharing; and (3) community building. Positively toned posts grossly overshadowed negatively toned posts by almost a factor of 3. A significant portion of group members requested information from their peers, suggesting a high level of trust toward the resources provided in this group, even those involving a surgical procedure or medication.

Conclusion:

LwiSGS is a forum for patients with a rare chronic condition to share informational resources, personal experiences, and emotional support, as well as a community with their peers. These data suggest that LwiSGS could be a powerful resource for individuals with iSGS to share information, personal experiences, or emotional support.
Bilateral Ear Canal Cholesteatoma with Underlying Type I First Branchial Cleft Anomalies
Authors: Banakis Hartl Renee M. , Said Sherif , Mann Scott E.
Published: January 2019

Objectives:

To describe a case of bilateral ear canal cholesteatomas in the setting of underlying first branchial cleft cyst anomalies and to review the pathophysiology underlying the development of external auditory canal cholesteatomas from branchial cleft cyst abnormalities.

Methods and Results:

We present a case study of a 61-year-old man who presented with chronic right-sided hearing loss and left-sided postauricular drainage. Clinical evaluation, radiographic work-up, and pathologic analysis confirmed a diagnosis of bilateral ear canal cholesteatoma in the setting of underlying first branchial cleft cyst anomalies. The patient’s clinical course, surgical treatment, and management considerations are discussed here.

Conclusion:

Ear canal cholesteatoma represents a rare clinical disease entity deserving a thorough initial assessment. Careful consideration of underlying diseases that result in chronic inflammation, such as branchial cleft lesions, should be included in the differential diagnosis of idiopathic canal cholesteatoma in the absence of prior otologic surgery or trauma.
The Effect of an Orthotic Device for Balancing Neck Muscles During Daily Office Tasks
Authors: Quinzi Federico , Scalia Martina , Giombini Arrigo , Di Cagno Alessandra , Pigozzi Fabio , Casasco Maurizio , Macaluso Andrea
Published: January 2019

Objective:

This study aimed at evaluating the acute effect of the combined and single use of two orthotic devices (neck balance system [NBS] and lumbar support [LS]) on muscle activity of neck and back muscles during typical computer working tasks.

Background:

An excessive activation of neck muscles could threaten the balance between agonist and antagonist muscles, resulting in a lower stability of the head and possibly leading to neck pain. At present, no study evaluated the effect of a specific orthotic device in reducing neck muscles activation.

Methods:

Surface electromyography (sEMG) from neck flexor (sternocleidomastoid [SCMD]) and extensor muscles (semispinalis capitis [SPC]) and back extensor muscles (erector spinae [ERS]) of 20 healthy individuals was recorded during three computer working tasks performed with the NBS, with NBS and LS, with the LS, and without devices (ND).

Results:

In the NBS condition, the SPC showed a reduced activation (NBS = 3.97%; NBS + LS = 4.49%; LS = 4.48%; ND = 4.61% of the maximal voluntary contraction) compared to the other conditions.

Conclusions:

The use of the NBS promotes a reduction of neck extensor muscles, possibly due to the inertial mass added in the occipital part of the head, producing an external neck extensor moment that cooperates with that produced by neck extensor muscles.

Application:

Orthotic devices such as the NBS may be used by computer workers to reduce the activation of their neck extensor muscles and possible risks of developing neck pain.
The Smell of Healthy Choices: Cross-Modal Sensory Compensation Effects of Ambient Scent on Food Purchases
Authors: Biswas Dipayan , Szocs Courtney
Published: January 2019

Managers are using ambient scent as an important strategic element in various service settings, with food-related scents being especially common. This research examines the effects of food-related ambient scents on children’s and adults’ food purchases/choices. The results of a series of experiments, including field studies at a supermarket and at a middle school cafeteria, show that extended exposure (of more than two minutes) to an indulgent food–related ambient scent (e.g., cookie scent) leads to lower purchases of unhealthy foods compared with no ambient scent or a nonindulgent food–related ambient scent (e.g., strawberry scent). The effects seem to be driven by cross-modal sensory compensation, whereby prolonged exposure to an indulgent/rewarding food scent induces pleasure in the reward circuitry, which in turn diminishes the desire for actual consumption of indulgent foods. Notably, the effects reverse with brief (<30 seconds) exposure to the scent. Whereas prior research has examined cross-modal effects, this research adopts the novel approach of examining cross-modal sensory compensation effects, whereby stimuli in one sensory modality (olfactory) can compensate/satisfy the desire related to another sensory modality (gustatory).
Emerging Technologies for Lifelong Learning and Success: A MOOC for Everyone
Authors: Sullivan Roberta (Robin) , Fulcher-Rood Katrina , Kruger Jessica , Sipley Gina , van Putten Cherie
Published: January 2019

Technology changes more rapidly today than in any other point in human history. These changes affect the tools we use to perform day-to-day personal and professional tasks. Exploring Emerging Technologies for Lifelong Learning and Success (#EmTechMOOC) has been created to help adult learners with diverse backgrounds from across the globe discover tools and resources they can adapt to fit their needs in today’s fast-paced world. This article examines how the 4 Cs of 21st Century Skills: communication, collaboration, creativity, and critical thinking are strengthened through #EmTechMOOC. Results from the pilot and the improvements that have been made are also addressed.
Science, Common Sense and Sociological Analysis: A Critical Appreciation of the Epistemological Foundation of Field Theory
Authors: Singh Sourabh
Published: January 2019

Field theory is often criticized because sociologists applying it fail to follow two seminal rules: the three key concepts of field theory—capital, habitus, and field structure—must be (1) implemented in relation to each other and (2) reconstructed for the historically specific moment of their application. I claim that Bourdieu developed his conceptual tools in response to Bachelard’s insight that scientific progress requires a break from common sense. Once we appreciate the epistemological foundation of field theory concepts, we can better appreciate the rules for their application, avoid their typical criticism, and further improve them.
Paul and Asklepios: The Greco-Roman Quest for Healing and the Mission of Paul
Authors: Stanley Christopher D.
Published: January 2019

The apostle Paul says little in his letters about physical health or healing, whether for himself or his congregations. This is surprising in view of the vital importance of healing in other religious cults of the time and the gospels’ depiction of Jesus as a healing deity. Sickness was endemic in Greco-Roman antiquity, and people sought cures from various types of practitioners who offered medical, religious and ‘magical’ modes of treatment. A number of explanations can be posited for Paul’s relative silence about health and healing in his letters, but none is wholly convincing. The issues involved were so pressing that Paul must have addressed the topic in some form, even if it does not appear in his letters. His treatment of ‘idol meat’ in 1 Cor. 8 and 10 could provide an analogy for reconstructing what he might have said to his congregations on the subject.
A Sanctuary in the Heavens and the Ascension of the Son of Man: Reassessing the Logic of Jesus’ Trial in Mark 14.53-65
Authors: Botner Max
Published: January 2019

This article reappraises the underlying logic of Jesus’ trial in Mk 14.53-65. I propose that the ‘false’ charge that Jesus intends to build the naos acheiropoie-tos (‘sanctuary not made with hands’, 14.58) evokes not a people but a place, the sanctuary in the heavens. Mark thereby invites the audience to envisage the Son of Man’s ascension and enthronement (cf. 14.62), interpreted through the lenses of Dan. 7.13 and Ps. 110 (109 LXX), as the installation of a heavenly priest. This in turn suggests that the ‘blasphemy’ charge in 14.64 is not a piece of abstract Christology, but a grander christological and socio-political exposition of the implications of Christ’s heavenly session for the evangelist and his auditors.
Embodied Cognitive Science and the Person: A Comment on the Spezio–Eastman Exchange
Authors: Gallagher Shaun
Published: January 2019

I address several issues found in Susan Eastman’s work on Paul’s anthropology and Michael Spezio’s response to Eastman’s analysis in a recent JSNT issue. These are both methodological issues pertaining to interdisciplinary research, and substantial issues concerning the interpretation of some broadly moral implications involved in the contrast between theological and naturalistic theories of personhood.
Putting the “Management” Back in Human Resource Management: A Review and Agenda for Future Research
Authors: Steffensen David S. , Ellen B. Parker , Wang Gang , Ferris Gerald R.
Published: January 2019

Although much research has examined human resource management (HRM), managers’ roles in HRM seem to have been ancillary to this area of research. That is, HRM theory and research largely has advanced with a focus on policies, practices, systems, and their implementation and effectiveness, with less attention focused on the managers responsible for the design, adoption, enactment, and implementation of HRM strategy and practice. The purpose of this review is to examine extant research to determine the state of knowledge of the role of managers across organizational hierarchy in HRM. Thus, we review empirical literature for studies that include aspects of the impact lower-to-middle managers, human resource managers, top management teams, CEOs, and boards of directors have on HRM content, process, and outcomes. On the basis of the findings of this systematic, multilevel review, we discuss avenues for future research at each specific manager’s level, as well as general opportunities and challenges for research on managers’ roles in HRM across all hierarchical levels.
Understanding diabetes self-management using the Model of Human Occupation
Authors: Youngson Bel
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Over 400 million people worldwide are living with diabetes. Research suggests that people struggle to manage their diabetes and an in-depth understanding of the lived experience of diabetes is required to inform and promote occupational therapy practice. This article reports on one part of a PhD study into the role of occupational therapy in diabetes self-management.

Method

Semi-structured interviews using an intuitive inquiry methodology were conducted with 22 people with diabetes in three separate studies. Analysis of the lived experience of all participants was drawn together to explore the understanding of diabetes self-management from an occupational perspective using the Model of Human Occupation.

Findings

The occupation of diabetes self-management was conceptualised with seven inter-related occupational forms. Challenges were related to occupational identity, volition, habituation, performance capacity and the context in which these took place.

Conclusion

This study, embedded in the experiences of those with diabetes, suggests that occupational therapy has a distinct role in diabetes self-management, through seeing this self-management as an occupation. The use of the Model of Human Occupation enables a focus on the characteristics of the occupational forms and how these might be adapted for successful occupational engagement.
Potential Dietary Contributions From Rice and Wheat Flour Fortification in the Solomon Islands: Results From the 2012-2013 Household Income and Expenditure Survey
Authors: Imhoff-Kunsch Beth , Shakya Iju , Namohunu Salome Aroma Diatalau , Pitaboe Anna , Wong Pierre , Tsang Becky L , Codling Karen , Foley Jessica , Pachón Helena
Published: January 2019

Background:

Solomon Islands (SI) mandated wheat flour fortification in 2010. Rice is a key staple food in SI, and its fortification may provide an opportunity to deliver additional micronutrients to the population.

Objective:

To determine whether fortified rice (proposed) and fortified wheat flour potentially benefit women of reproductive age (WRA).

Methods:

We analyzed data from the 2012-2013 Household Income and Expenditure Survey to quantify food purchases, which served as a proxy for food consumption. We accounted for varied household composition by using adult male equivalent (AME) adjustments.

Results:

Among 4478 households, 95.6% purchased rice and 86.6% purchased at least 1 food containing fortified wheat flour in the previous 14 days. Median apparent intake of rice among WRA was 205 g/d/AME. If fortified according to proposed standards, this apparent intake could result in the consumption of 12.3 mg iron/d, fulfilling 44% of the estimated average requirement (EAR), and 226 µg folic acid/d, satisfying 57% of World Health Organization’s recommended intake of 400 µg/d. Overall, apparent rice consumption could fulfill 113%, 114%, and 131% of the EAR for WRA for zinc, thiamin, and niacin, respectively. Fortified wheat flour was consumed in much lower quantities, with an estimated apparent median intake of 22 g/d/AME among WRA and 78 g/d/AME among women in urban populations.

Conclusions:

The potential benefit of fortified wheat flour in SI is likely limited to urban populations. Apparent consumption of fortified rice in SI could contribute considerably to daily intake of iron, B vitamins including folic acid, and zinc among WRA.
Narrative Identity Formation in Midlife Korean Christian Women
Authors: Kim Beatrice H.
Published: January 2019

This qualitative study explores the narrative identities and redemptive self of midlife Korean Christian women through their life stories. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with 23 midlife Korean Christian women in Southern California, which provided thick and rich descriptions of their life experiences. The findings revealed five major themes in each of two categories—narrative identity and redemptive self. Understanding how these Korean Christian women reconciled two master narratives, culture and spirituality, in their narrative identity formation, can provide insight in the consideration of women’s ministry.
Genetic Testing Practices of Genetic Counselors, Geneticists, and Pediatric Neurologists With Regard to Childhood-Onset Neurogenetic Conditions
Authors: Wofford Sara , Noblin Sarah , Davis Jessica M , Farach Laura S , Hashmi S Shahrukh , Mancias Pedro , Wagner Victoria F
Published: January 2019

Identifying genetic diagnoses for neurologic conditions with a considerable hereditary component, such as autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, and epilepsy, is critical to providing proper medical management for patients and their families. However, many patients with these conditions are not tested appropriately or receive no genetic testing at all. The current study was designed to characterize the genetic testing practices of the providers most likely to evaluate or order genetic testing for these patients: pediatric neurologists, geneticists, and genetic counselors. Significant variance was present between testing strategies selected by pediatric neurologists and those by geneticists and genetic counselors, supporting the need for updated genetic testing guidelines that are consistent across specialties. Pediatric neurologists also report lower confidence in ordering genetic testing and desire further education regarding genetic testing. Together, these results propose that continued integration of genetics providers, such as genetic counselors, into pediatric neurology clinics may improve utilization of genetic testing while reducing the burden on pediatric neurologists.
How qualitative spectral information can improve soil profile classification?
Authors: Marques Karina PP , Rizzo Rodnei , Carnieletto Dotto André , Souza Arnaldo Barros e , Mello Fellipe AO , Neto Luiz GM , Anjos Lúcia Helena C dos , Demattê José AM
Published: January 2019

Soil classification is important to organize the knowledge of soil characteristics. Spectroscopy has increased in the last years as a technique for descriptive and quantitative evaluation of soils. Thus, our objective was to assess qualitative and quantitative methods on soil classification, based on model profiles. Soils in different environments in the Roraima state, Brazil, were evaluated and represented by 16 profiles, providing 109 soil samples, which were analyzed for particle size distribution, chemical attributes and spectral measurement. Visible-near infrared spectra (350–2500 nm) of soil samples were interpreted in terms of intensity, shape and features. The soil color obtained using a spectroradiometer and a colorimeter, and by a soil expert was compared. Descriptive and qualitative analyses were performed for all spectra of the soil profile samples. The descriptive evaluations of the spectral curves from all horizons of the same profile were used to identify the diagnostic attributes and assign a profile to a taxonomic class. This was possible because spectra of samples had specific shapes, features and intensities that combined to present a specific signature. The Outil Statistique d’Aide à la Cartogénèse Automatique and cluster quantitative analyses could not correctly group similar soil classes and they still need to be improved in order to extract all the variability of the spectral data to discriminate soil classes. Soil color quantification by the Munsell system using both equipments showed greater R2 and lower error than that achieved by a soil expert, due to influences of subjectivity inherent in human assessments. Based on this specific case, it was clear that the automatic system may be more consistent than the pedologist’s visual method. Future studies should focus on the development of an online tool that integrates a descriptive approach and spectral information of a given soil profile to determine its probable taxonomic class.
A snippet in a snippet: Development of the Matryoshka principle for the construction of very short musical stimuli (plinks)
Authors: Thiesen Felix Christian , Kopiez Reinhard , Reuter Christoph , Czedik-Eysenberg Isabella
Published: January 2019

For the past 140 years, numerous studies have been conducted to examine minimum durations of samples needed for the recognition of acoustic parameters such as pitch, timbre or vocal phonemes. Recent studies in this field are often based on short clips (plinks) of popular songs, using target variables such as titles and interpreters. These studies provide strong evidence that a wide range of intra- and extramusical information can be identified above chance level for stimuli lasting much shorter than a second. Nevertheless, a review of precedent studies revealed a heterogeneity in stimulus generation processes that could have influenced overall recognition rates. As a piece of music unfolds in time, its timbral structure is subject to a variety of changes. We assume that the position of stimulus extraction, therefore, could influence the outcomes of a subsequent recognition task, for instance. In this study, we offer a systematic and objective stimulus extraction procedure that might help to control for (a) a possible confounding of stimulus duration and timbre (caused by the extraction of stimulus sets of various length from different song positions), (b) possible confoundings of song section and timbre (caused by the comparison of stimulus sets from divergent song sections), and (c) the suspected influence of subjective criteria on extract selection (caused by the non-randomized selection of extract positions). As an alternative approach, the suggested Matryoshka principle produces randomized sets of nested stimuli controlled for song position and objective selection. Each set represents an individual section and consists of five short excerpts, cut from each other in decreasing duration. Correlation analyses confirmed that these sets prove to be stable in terms of their mel-frequency cepstrum coefficients, the so-called “psycho-acoustic fingerprint” of a sound. Based on the software Random Plink Generator, the suggested procedure can help to contribute to an objective selection of stimuli in future plink research.
Long-Term Effects of In-Game Purchases and Event Game Mechanics on Young Mobile Social Game Players in Japan
Authors: Shibuya Akiko , Teramoto Mizuha , Shoun Akiyo , Akiyama Kumiko
Published: January 2019

Background. The mobile game market has been rapidly growing worldwide, especially in Japan. Because mobile games often use a free-to-play business model that involves additional in-game purchases, some monetary and event mechanics of mobile games have been controversial in Japan.

Purpose. This study explored the long-term effects of monetary and event features of game mechanics on pathological gaming, weekly exposure and monthly expenditure among teenagers and young adults in Japan.

Method. A total of 948 teenagers and young adults participated two surveys in November 2013 and in May 2014. Pathological gaming, weekly game exposure, monthly expenditure and preference for gambling were measured. The participants listed up to three games they played, and their monetary and event mechanics were analysed using content analysis. The degrees of exposure to each mechanics were calculated by combining the content analysis with a longitudinal study.

Results. Players who were exposed to a higher amount of limited-time only gacha, a virtual lottery machine, were likely to spend more money six months later. However, players who were exposed to a lower amount of normal gacha were likely to spend more money later among players who preferred gambling. No monetary effects on pathological gaming per se were found.

Conclusion. This study shows that some game mechanics can cause excessive use of time and money for certain players.
Camp as an Institution of Socialization: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Browne Laurie P. , Gillard Ann , Garst Barry A.
Published: January 2019

Background: Summer camps are perhaps the most expansive outdoor experiential education (OEE) context in the United States today; yet, camp participants are overwhelmingly White and able-bodied, with most coming from middle- to upper-income earning families. Purpose: In response to Warren, Roberts, Breunig, and Alvarez’s question “What will it take before OEE programs become genuinely accessible to all who want to participate?” (p. 98), we explore issues of access, equity, and inclusion within the institution of camp. Methodology/Approach: We present a historical review followed by three case studies that demonstrate how some camps address access, equity, and inclusion in the past and today. Findings/Conclusions: Camps in the United States have shaped young people for over a century through powerful socializing factors, but there is much to be done to ensure camps are truly accessible and inclusive for all. Implications: Our case studies demonstrate specific ways camps can address appropriation of Native American culture and ensure inclusion of transgender youth and youth without the resources necessary to attend camp. We also discuss ways to promote equity across social identities and through environmental justice.
A Critical Exploration of Women’s Gendered Experiences in Outdoor Leadership
Authors: Rogers Elizabeth Bond , Rose Jeff
Published: January 2019

Background: Although outdoor education provides many positive learning outcomes for students, it is a field in which women continue to be underrepresented in leadership roles. Centering the voices of women and other underrepresented populations is critical to creating a more inclusive outdoor education field. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore women’s experiences as outdoor leaders, and how women’s perspectives may broaden how outdoor leadership is defined and conceptualized. Methodology/Approach: The study was grounded in narrative inquiry and a critical feminist framework and included interviews and photo reflections of six participants identifying as women outdoor leaders in higher education. Findings/Conclusions: Participants experienced sexism, gender bias, and lack of confidence in technical skills as outdoor leaders. Participants discussed how they conceptualize outdoor leadership through a lens of facilitation and discovery, challenging masculine norms and ideologies. In addition, participants’ intersections of identities influence how they experience outdoor leadership. Implications: Implications from this study indicate the continued need to center the voices of women and diverse populations, using critical frameworks nascent in outdoor education studies. In addition, critical examinations of policies and practices that may reify the White male privileged narrative of outdoor education are needed.
Utility of transpulmonary thermodilution with Pulse Index Continuous Cardiac Output system for hemodynamic assessment in a hemodialysis patient with arteriovenous fistula and continuous renal replacement therapy: A case report
Authors: Tavukcu Ozkan Sedef , Arbatli Harun
Published: January 2019

Close hemodynamic monitoring is crucial for the patients to guide cardiovascular therapy for the optimal management. Transpulmonary thermodilution offers a less invasive hemodynamic monitoring with Pulse Index Continuous Cardiac Output system analysis. Intracardiac shunts have been associated with well-defined alterations in transpulmonary thermodilution–related hemodynamic parameters leading to inaccurate measurements and therefore are among the contraindications for transpulmonary thermodilution. However, data on the effects of arteriovenous fistulas as well as extracorporeal circuits on the thermodilution curves remain limited and inconclusive. Herein, we report generation of modified thermodilution curve forms leading to incorrect calculation of thermodilution-derived hemodynamic parameters by Pulse Index Continuous Cardiac Output system in a female patient in the presence of Continuous Veno-Venous Hemodiafiltration and a high flow arteriovenous fistula. Our findings revealed generation of modified thermodilution curves and unacceptably high extravascular lung water readings by Pulse Index Continuous Cardiac Output system. This seems consistent with early recirculation of cold indicator in case of a peripheral shunt emphasizing the potential impact of high flow arteriovenous fistula on reliability of transpulmonary thermodilution measurements in critically ill patients, limiting the use of Pulse Index Continuous Cardiac Output system in these conditions.
A Qualitative Analysis of Family Dynamics and Motivation in Sessions With 15 Women in Drug Treatment Court
Authors: Goldberg Zoe E , Chin Nancy P , Alio Amina , Williams Geoffrey , Morse Diane S
Published: January 2019

Women with substance use disorders (SUDs) often experience inadequate health care, mental and physical health problems, trauma, lack of social support, and undermining of support for psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness needed for motivation and well-being. For women with SUD trying to reclaim sobriety and a healthy life, family can present both barriers and support. The aim of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of the intersection of family relationships with motivation of women in Drug Treatment Court (DTC) to attain their health goals. Data consist of transcribed intervention sessions between trained peer interventionists and 15 DTC participants from The Women’s Initiative Supporting Health DTC Intervention Study. This analysis uses a qualitative framework approach to analyze the data. The Self-determination Theory of human motivation and Family Systems Theory provide the conceptual framework to understand how participants’ expressions of motivation-related basic needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness and change-related behaviors interfaced with family support. Analysis revealed more mentions of family in motivation-supportive contexts than in motivation-thwarting contexts, but highlighted complex roles families can play in health of women in recovery from SUD. Providers may be able to incorporate this knowledge to address the needs of this challenging population.
Predatory War, Drones and Torture: Remapping the Body in Pain
Authors: McSorley Kevin
Published: January 2019

Elaine Scarry argues in The Body in Pain that war is a vast and reciprocal swearing on the body, with corporeality key not only to its brutal prosecution but also to the eventual ending of the political ‘crisis of substantiation’ that war entails. However, her work has not been extensively explored with reference to significant transformations in the embodied experiences of contemporary warfare. This article thus analyses a particular articulation of late modern warfare that I term predatory war, whose current signature motif is the drone strike, through the lens of Scarry’s work. Here, the associated modes of embodiment are radically non-reciprocal, the woundscapes of conflict are profoundly asymmetric, and the affective mediation of bodily injury does not substantiate any ending to the conflict. As such, I argue that the ontology and phenomenology of predatory war increasingly resembles what Scarry identifies as the underlying structure of torture.
Validation of the Arabic version of the Social Communication Questionnaire
Authors: Aldosari Mohammed , Fombonne Eric , Aldhalaan Hesham , Ouda Mohammed , Elhag Saba , Alshammari Hawraa , Ghazal Iman , Alsaleh Asma , Alqadoumi Tala , Thomson Richard , Al Khasawneh Mohanad , Tolefat Mohamed , Alshaban Fouad
Published: January 2019

Validated screening and diagnostic tools for autism spectrum disorder for use in Arabic-speaking individuals are scarce. This study validated the Arabic version of the Social Communication Questionnaire. The total study sample included 206 children with autism spectrum disorder and 206 typically developing children (73.8% male; mean age: 8.5 (standard deviation = 2.6) years). The mean Social Communication Questionnaire total score was significantly higher in autism spectrum disorder children than in typically developing children ( p < 0.0001). Scores on the three Social Communication Questionnaire subscales also differed significantly between the groups ( p < 0.001). Of the 39 items, 37 were endorsed significantly more often in the autism spectrum disorder group. The total Social Communication Questionnaire score did not vary by age or gender. Internal consistency was excellent (alpha = 0.92). In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the area under the curve for the total score showed excellent discrimination between autism spectrum disorder and typically developing children (area under the curve = 0.95; 95% confidence interval: 0.93–0.97). The areas under the curve for the scale subscores were 0.923 (95% confidence interval: 0.898–0.949) for the social interaction score, 0.872 (95% confidence interval: 0.838–0.905) for the communication score, and 0.856 (95% confidence interval: 0.819–0.893) for the repetitive behaviors score. The findings support the use of the Arabic Social Communication Questionnaire to successfully differentiate children with clinically diagnosed autism spectrum disorder using the established cutoff value for the English version.
Earth–world–planet: Rural ecologies of horror and dark green criminology
Authors: McClanahan Bill
Published: January 2019

This article responds to green criminology. Drawing on an ethnographic case study of the coal-producing region of Appalachia and the processes of mountaintop removal mining, the article engages contemporary philosophy, ecocriticism, and “dark ecology” to suggest that green criminology rethink its linguistic categories and epistemological assumptions. The article employs an analysis of some examples of horror cinema to suggest criminological engagement with “ecologies of horror” and the “horrors of ecology” that condition life in the shadow of harmful modes of resource extraction. It concludes with some thoughts on the potential of a “dark” green and green-cultural criminology.
“I think I am worth it. I can give up committing suicide”: Pathways to recovery for Chinese-Canadian women with a history of suicidal behaviour
Authors: Zaheer Juveria , Shera Wes , Sing Hong Lam June , Fung Wai Lun Alan , Law Samuel , Links Paul S.
Published: January 2019

This qualitative study explored the experiences and patterns of recovery of Chinese-born women living in Canada with a history of suicidal behaviour. It explores a number of dimensions of recovery including clinical, existential, functional, physical, and social. The women described engaging in “survival” recovery in the short term and “thriving” recovery in the long term, with survival strategies extending into the thriving phase of recovery during their complex path to it. The survival recovery phase included accessing culturally sensitive mental health care and obtaining social and instrumental support to help ensure safety, manage stress, and treat psychiatric symptoms. The thriving phase of recovery was described as involving six components: developing an explanatory model with their health care provider; undertaking a process of narrative reflection and prioritizing self-care; engaging in interdisciplinary care team support; engaging the support of family and friends; exploring spiritual and existential supports; and creating goals for the future and a sense of mastery. Through these six avenues, the women began to experience a sense of self-efficacy and agency that improved their ability to cope with stress and pressure, leading to building a life with meaning. The interviews provided insights into how clinical care can be improved and how practitioners can implement a more recovery-oriented approach to practice.