bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Distal Radius Remodeling after Radius Dome Osteotomy in Madelung's Deformity
Authors: Rus Robert , Scheider Philipp , Farr Sebastian
Published: May 2023

Background Distal radius realignment procedures such as the dome osteotomy have been shown to reliably correct the geometry of this three-dimensional deformity. However, it has not been clarified whether the correction is durable over time. We thus reviewed a prospective Madelung's database and evaluated all patients who received a radius dome osteotomy to see whether there was any loss of correction over time.

Patients and Methods A total of 16 patients with 19 operated wrists were included. Mean age at surgery was 14 years; the most recent radiograph that was considered for analysis was obtained at a mean of 20 months after the index surgery. Three established radiographic deformity parameters (ulnar tilt, lunate subsidence, palmar carpal displacement) were repetitively measured by an independent observer over the course of the postoperative follow-up and compared using the analysis of variance statistics.

Results A mild but nonsignificant worsening of deformity parameters was observed in six patients (32%). Overall, ulnar tilt improved from 50 to 40 degrees after surgery and was 43 degrees at latest follow-up. The values for lunate subsidence were −5.5, 0, and −1.6 mm, respectively. Palmar carpal displacement did not recur after correction (21, 17, and 16 mm, respectively).

Conclusions Frontal plane parameters remodeled to a certain degree, although not in a statistically significant manner, soon after corrective osteotomies in Madelung's deformity. Although mild surgical overcorrection may be warranted in younger patients, it remains unclear if a concomitant distal radial epiphysiodesis would generally be beneficial.

Level of Evidence Level IV
Kidney Stones in Epileptic Children Receiving Ketogenic Diet: Frequency and Risk Factors
Authors: Güzin Yiğithan , Yılmaz Ünsal , Devrim Fatma , Dinçel Nida , Ünalp Aycan
Published: May 2023

Background Although it is a valuable option for children with drug-resistant epilepsy, ketogenic diet (KD) therapy is associated with several side effects. The frequency of kidney stones and risk factors for their development in epileptic children receiving KD is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and risk factors for the development of renal stones in children receiving KD therapy.

Methods A total of 95 patients receiving KD were identified. Of these, seven patients were excluded from the study due to the duration of KD being less than 12 months. The remaining 88 children were enrolled in the study.

Results Renal stones were detected in 15 patients (17%), of which 12 (73.3%) received potassium citrate treatment. Two (13.3%) patients needed lithotripsy despite receiving potassium citrate treatment, and one of these, who received potassium citrate treatment for 5 months, developed acute vesicourethral reflux and underwent surgery. No patient discontinued KD due to renal stone development. The serum uric acid concentrations and urine calcium/creatinine ratio did not change significantly over the 24-month follow-up period. Age, gender, etiology, age at seizure onset, duration of KD, mobility status, use of topiramate or zonisamide, and the number of antiepileptic drugs used were not significantly different between patients with and without kidney stones.

Conclusion Renal stone appears to be a common adverse effect of KD therapy. Although adequate hydration and potassium citrate treatment are effective in most patients, lithotripsy and surgery may be required in a minority of patients.
Outcome of Revascularizing the Left Subclavian Artery via Carotid-Subclavian Bypass
Authors: Rylski Bartosz , Matzdorf Monika , Kondov Stoyan , Czerny Martin
Published: May 2023

Background Endovascular thoracic aortic treatment frequently requires extending the proximal landing zone up into the aortic arch with consecutive covering of the left subclavian artery orifice. Our aim was to report on our outcome of left subclavian artery revascularization using carotid-subclavian bypass via lateral access to the subclavian artery.

Methods Patients' charts in our aortic center were screened for all those who had undergone carotid-subclavian bypass during endovascular thoracic aortic repair procedures. We analyzed perioperative complications such as cervical plexus nerve or phrenic nerve injury, bleeding, and primary and follow-up graft patency.

Results Between 2001 and 2020, 118 patients underwent carotid-subclavian bypass implantation. Postoperative complications included left-sided stroke in 3% and axillary, phrenic, and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in 3, 2, and 3%, respectively. Carotid-subclavian bypass–related death rate was 0%. Bypass patency was 92 ± 7% at 5 years. We documented nine (8%) bypass late occlusions with one left upper extremity ischemia and one late stroke due to an embolized thrombus formed at the bypass anastomosis. All others were asymptomatic.

Conclusion Carotid-subclavian bypass surgery is associated with very low risk of death, stroke, or any nerve palsy. Lateral access to the left subclavian artery reduces the risk of phrenic nerve injury.
Recent advances in multicolor organic room-temperature phosphorescence
Authors: Gan Nan , Zou Xin , Zhang Yushan , Gu Long , An Zhongfu
Published: May 2023

Multicolor organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) has garnered wide research attention due to the long luminescence lifetime and tunable excited state properties, which show great potential in displays, anticounterfeiting, data encryption, and sensing. However, because of the sensitivity of triplet excitons of organic materials, the triplet emitting level of organic compounds is hard to manipulate. Therefore, realizing multicolor RTP in organic materials is still a huge challenge. In this review, we summarize recent advances in multicolor organic RTP materials, including the underlying luminescence mechanisms, design principles of multicolor phosphorescence, detailed photophysical behaviors, and their potential applications. The last part presents existing challenges and future perspectives, such as expanding the color gamut, enriching stimuli-responsive properties, improving the phosphorescence performance, and exploring more advanced applications. This review will provide inspiration and guidelines for constructing multicolor RTP materials and expanding their potential applications in organic electronics, bioelectronics, flexible electronics, and so on.
Particle motion and drift in non-uniform electric fields
Authors: Kabin K.
Published: May 2023

This paper analyzes the two-dimensional motion of a charged particle in constant mutually perpendicular electric and magnetic fields. The magnetic field is assumed to be uniform, and the electric field components are assumed to be linear functions of the Cartesian coordinates. Under these assumptions, the equations of particle motion can be solved analytically. This solution is used to study the stability of particle motion and to assess the accuracy of the guiding center approximation in the presence of electric field gradients. It is well known that if the gradient of a one-dimensional electric field is sufficiently large, the motion of the charged particles becomes unstable and the particles are effectively energized by the electric field. This paper, however, demonstrates that the instability threshold depends on the spatial derivatives of both electric field components and is, under certain conditions, very sensitive to both. The analytical solution is averaged over the gyroperiod to derive simple expressions for the drift speed and the position of the gyrocenter, which explicitly account for the electric field gradient. The results of this averaging are used to develop equations for tracing the particle gyrocenter location, which incorporate the effects of non-uniformity of the electric field. These equations are shown to be noticeably more accurate than those based on the standard E × B drift velocity, which is exact only for uniform electric and magnetic fields. Simple expressions for the local errors in the E × B drift velocity are also derived, which arise from the electric field gradients.
Surface activation of platinum group metal clusters for efficient and durable oxygen reduction in proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Liu Qingtao , Liu Jieyuan , Liu Xiaofang , Wang Yu , Hong Song , Wu Jianbo , Shang Jiaxiang , Yu Ronghai , Miao Jungang , Shui Jianglan
Published: May 2023

To develop efficient and durable acidic oxygen–reduction–reaction (ORR) catalysts based on all platinum group metals (PGMs) is crucial for large-scale application of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) but challenging. Here, we report a nitrogen coordination-induced strong metal–support interaction that can tune the surface atoms of ORR-inactive PGM clusters into efficient and durable active sites. Taking Rh as an example, the carbonization of Rh-overdoped zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 results in a large number of Rh clusters (with a little atomic Rh) in porous nitrogen-doped carbon. The cluster surface atoms coordinate with the nitrogen of the carbon support, forming much stronger metal–support interactions than that of common N-doped carbon-supported metal nanoparticles. The activity of surface-activated Rh clusters is close to that of Pt/C. The regulation rules for the surface active sites inherit most of the characteristics of the corresponding single-atom catalysts, but without their severe instability problem. This surface activation strategy has also shown applicable to other PGMs, thereby it is a promising way to alleviate the reliance of PEMFCs on platinum.
Simulation of parametric decay instability excited by oscillating pump near lower hybrid frequency
Authors: Kong W. , Wang X. Y. , Lin Y. , Chen L.
Published: May 2023

Parametric decay instability of lower hybrid waves plays an important role in plasma heating. Simulation of such instability requires inclusion of both electron and ion kinetics with a realistic mass ratio. In this work, the gyrokinetic electron and fully kinetic ion (GeFi) particle simulation model is used to study parametric instabilities in uniform, magnetized plasmas. A pump electric field near the lower hybrid frequency is imposed, which is treated in the dipole approximation. Three types of parametric decay processes are obtained, including purely growing modulational instability, resonant decay instability, and non-resonant decay instability. Dependences of parametric growth rates on the wavenumber, pump strength, and pump frequency are systematically investigated. The simulation results agree well with those in the linear growth stage of parametric decay instability obtained in an existing theory. Whether electron or ion nonlinearity dominates in the parametric decay process is assessed, and the importance of the electron E×B drift in the three-wave interaction process is confirmed.
Inside vertical reconstruction effect enhances internal polarization field in MXenes for regulating photocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Li Yun-Qin , Tang Dai-Song , He Qi-Wen , Shang Xiao , Wang Xiao-Chun
Published: May 2023

We theoretically report four photocatalyst candidates, namely, Sc2COS, Sc2CSO, Sc2COSe, and Sc2CSeO. A mirror asymmetry atom structure endows Sc2COS with the largest intrinsic built-in electric field (EF) of 7.53 × 109 V/m among these monolayers, facilitating the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Sc2CSO and Sc2CSeO with smaller EF are half-reaction water splitting photocatalysts, performing the hydrogen evolution reaction. It is highly interesting that C atoms aligned to the top S or Se atoms move down by about 0.40 Å and are vertically aligned to the bottom O atoms, named as the inside vertical reconstruction. Therefore, Sc2CSO (Sc2CSeO) transforms into Sc2COS (Sc2COSe) with larger EF, suitable for photocatalytic overall water splitting. They have great optical absorption with optical absorption coefficients up to 105 cm−1. Our work reveals the physical mechanism of EF enhancement caused by inside vertical reconstruction effect facilitates overall water splitting, which provides a feasible strategy for theoretically designing intriguing photocatalysts.
Close coupling of the peeling ballooning and external kink modes in high poloidal-beta discharges with strong shape and large pedestal width
Authors: Kim J. Y. , Han H. S. , Kim S. K.
Published: May 2023

In plasmas with strong shape and large pedestal width, like DIII-D high poloidal-beta discharges, the eigenvalue spectrum of the peeling ballooning mode (PBM) is shown to shift to the very low-n regime near one, where n is the toroidal mode number. This peeling-type eigenvalue spectrum has a further shift to n = 1, thus being smoothly connected to the n = 1 external kink mode (EKM), as the normalized beta (βN) increases. Once this connection occurs, the mode takes a mixture form of the PBM and EKM with its mode structure varying from the PBM-like to the EKM-like one as βN increases. The mode stability also becomes sensitive to both the local pedestal gradient and global βN, thus allowing an anti-correlation between the two driving forces. These results appear to provide a qualitative explanation of the two unexpected features observed in the DIII-D high poloidal-beta discharges, that is, the dominance of the n = 1 mode in the edge-localized-modes and the negative correlation between the pedestal height and the internal transport barrier strength.
Phase-resolved frequency-domain analysis of the photoemission spectra for photoexcited 1T-TaS2 in the Mott insulating charge density wave state
Authors: Ren Qianhui , Suzuki Takeshi , Kanai Teruto , Itatani Jiro , Shin Shik , Okazaki Kozo
Published: May 2023

We investigate the nonequilibrium electronic structure of 1T-TaS2 by time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We observe that strong photoexcitation induces the collapse of the Mott gap, leading to the photo-induced metallic phase. It is also found that the oscillation of photoemission intensity occurs as a result of the excitations of coherent phonons corresponding to the amplitude mode of the charge density wave (CDW). To study the dynamical change in the band dispersions modulated by the CDW amplitude mode, we perform analyses by using frequency-domain angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (FDARPES). We find that two different peak structures exhibit anti-phase oscillation with respect to each other by retrieving the amplitude and phase parts of the FDARPES spectra. They are attributed to the minimum and maximum band positions in energy, where the single band is oscillating between them synchronizing with the CDW amplitude mode. We further find that the flatband constructed as a result of CDW band folding survives during the oscillation while the Mott gap is significantly reduced. Our results suggest the CDW phase is robust, and the lattice modulation corresponding to the CDW amplitude mode dynamically modulates the Mott gap.
In situ switchable local resonance in elastic metamaterials through bistable topological transformation
Authors: Wu Lei , Pasini Damiano
Published: May 2023

We report a topology-transformable resonator with two distinct stable states, one kinematically determinate and endowed with nearly rigid-body motion at low-frequencies, and the other accompanied by a floppy pseudo zero-energy mode capable of showing low-frequency local resonance. Through a combination of numerical simulations and experiments, we unveil the role of contact-induced topological transformation, a phenomenon that empowers the resonator with negative dynamic effective mass. We demonstrate that the bistable resonator can be embedded into elastic metamaterials to enable in situ switch of local resonance, allowing on-demand augmentation and attenuation of elastic wave propagation within a prescribed regime of frequency.
A thermally controlled high-Q metasurface lens
Authors: Klopfer E. , Delgado H. Carr , Dagli S. , Lawrence Mark , Dionne Jennifer A.
Published: May 2023

Dynamic metasurface control is a promising yet challenging prospect for next generation optical components. Here, we design and characterize a thermally controllable metasurface lens, with a high-quality-factor (high-Q) resonance working as both the basis of the lensing behavior and method for efficient modulation. Our high-Q lens is constructed via a zone plate architecture comprised of alternating regions with and without resonant character. Non-resonant regions block transmission, while resonant regions—with measured Qs up to ∼1350—transmit only on resonance. By leveraging the thermo-optic effect, we dynamically control the spectral position of the high-Q resonance to achieve wavelength selectivity of the focusing behavior. Due to the sharp spectral linewidth and amplitude variation of the high-Q resonance, thermal tuning can further result in metasurface switching, where the lensing behavior is changed between on and off states. For a device utilizing only moderate Q-factors of ∼350, the resonance's FWHM can be shifted with temperature changes of only 50 °C, and the device can be fully switched off when operating at 100 °C. Our work provides an initial experimental demonstration of dynamic control of a local high-Q wavefront shaping metasurface.
Investigation of the 6s6p3P2-6s7s3S1 transition of ytterbium atoms with modulation-transfer spectroscopy
Authors: Qiao Hao , Liu Luhua , Zhou Min , Luo Limeng , Xu Xinye
Published: May 2023

We perform the precise measurement of the 6s6p3P2-6s7s3S1 transition frequencies of the neutral ytterbium (Yb) atoms by using the modulation transfer spectroscopy. High-resolution dispersive signals of all isotopes except low-abundance 168Yb (F = 2-F = 1) and 171Yb (F = 5/2-F = 3/2) are obtained. The frequencies of locked laser are measured using an optical comb, and the obtained results are traced to the absolute transition frequency of the 171Yb 1S0-3P0 clock. We measure the isotope shifts relative to 174Yb and evaluate the systematic shifts. The absolute frequency of the 6s6p3P2-6s7s3S1 transition in 174Yb is determined to be 389260605.8 ± 3.2 MHz, which has a huge deviation from the existing data in the studies. Based on the obtained transition frequencies, we calculate the hyperfine constants of the 3P2 and 3S1 states. This research will provide valuable data for the ytterbium-related experiments and improve the reported transition frequencies with higher precision.
Database records of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) in northern Sydney
Authors: Mo Matthew , Lee Enhua , Radosavljevic Ian , Auerbach Nancy
Published: May 2023

This study examined records of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) in northern Sydney held in online biodiversity databases. There were 221 unique records distributed across the Northern Beaches, Ku-ring-gai, Hornsby and Hills Shire local government areas from 1788 to 2022, with records from the Northern Beaches local government area comprising 68% of this dataset. Records from the 1970s represented 41% of the dataset (90 records), while there were only 42 records from 2000 to 2022. Post-2000 records were spread broadly, showing no major contraction in distribution compared to the spread of earlier records, but with a notable absence of more recent records on the Barrenjoey Peninsula, a previously documented species stronghold. Substantial proportions of records were found in both protected reserves and privately-owned lands, which alludes to the value of the former but also shows that koala conservation in this capital city cannot rely solely on protected reserves. The 2000–22 records were widely distributed across 15 plant community types and areas of non-native vegetation, probably reflecting breeding and dispersal movements more than specific habitat selection. Possibly due to the same influences, none of the 2000–22 records were matched to areas represented by the Koala Habitat Suitability Model, a prediction model for spatial distribution of potential koala habitat across NSW, with a high habitat suitability score (greater than 0.85). We therefore recommend systematic on-ground surveys to clarify the patterns observed from the records.
The C-terminal pentapeptide acein analogue (JMV3315) stimulates dopamine release in the brain
Authors: Lucas-Valmalle Charlène , Subra Gilles , Verdié Pascal , Kemel Marie-Lou , Daugé Valérie , Puget Karine , Martinez Jean
Published: May 2023

We have previously reported the synthesis and biological activity of a newly identified peptide of sequence H–Pro–Pro–Thr–Thr–Thr–Lys–Phe–Ala–Ala–OH called acein that is able to stimulate dopamine release in the brain of rodents in vivo and ex vivo by interacting with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). In the present piece of work, we studied the structure–activity relationships of acein using displacement experiments of the labelled ligand [125I]Tyr–Pro–Pro–Thr–Thr–Thr–Lys–Phe–Ala–Ala–OH on guinea pig brain membranes, known to have high-affinity acein binding sites. We determined that the C-terminal pentapeptide H–Thr–Lys–Phe–Ala–Ala–OH is the minimal structure able to interact with high affinity (Ki (inhibitory constant) 13 ± 2 nM) with acein binding sites. Among the analogues of the pentapeptide that were synthesized, the pentapeptide H–Thr–Lys–Tyr–Ala–Ala–OH showed the highest affinity (Ki 3.7 ± 1.0 nM). Accordingly, this pentapeptide was able to stimulate dopamine release from striatal slices taken from the sensorimotor territory of rats.
Phenotyping CHST3 skeletal dysplasia from freezer-induced urine sediments
Authors: Moh Edward S. X. , Zankl Andreas , Packer Nicolle H.
Published: May 2023

Skeletal dysplasias are a group of rare genetic disorders that affect growth and development of the skeleton, leading to physical deformities and other medical problems. High-throughput genome sequencing technologies have made it easier to genotype the disorder, but do not always reflect the phenotypic outcome. CHST3-related skeletal dysplasia is caused by the reduced function of the carbohydrate sulfotransferase that sulfates chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans. We show in this pilot study that we were able to phenotype patients with CHST3-related skeletal dysplasia by profiling the glycosaminoglycans and identifying their potential protein carriers sequentially using freezer-induced patient urine sediments.
Role of small RNAs in plant stress response and their potential to improve crops
Authors: Dzinyela Raphael , Alhassan Abdul Razak , Kiani-Pouya Ali , Rasouli Fatemeh , Yang Liming , Movahedi Ali
Published: May 2023

Increasing plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses may help to address global food insecurity. We review small RNA (sRNA) research and consider the potential of sRNA-based technologies as strategies to enhance plant resistance to environmental stresses. sRNAs are essential non-coding signalling molecules 21–24 nucleotides in length that are involved in various reproduction, defence and plant development processes. sRNAs guide regulatory processes during development and environmental adaptation at the DNA or RNA level in various eukaryotic organisms. They control gene expression in eukaryotes via a process commonly termed RNA silencing. sRNAs are responsible for suppressing some pathogenic genes in eukaryotes and pests. This suppression offers the potential to protect plant growth and development through a new generation of eco-friendly RNA-based fungicides or insecticides that are specific in their target and can easily control multiple diseases simultaneously. This review focuses on sRNA production in crop species, the role of sRNAs in plant responses to a range of stresses, and their prospective applications, highlighting sRNA-based technology and applications in crops under stress. This review could serve as a reference for future researchers working on small RNAs and the roles they play in plant response to environmental stresses.
Sakuranetin protects rice from brown planthopper attack by depleting its beneficial endosymbionts
Authors: Liu Mengyu , Hong Gaojie , Li Huijing , Bing Xiaoli , Chen Yumeng , Jing Xiangfeng , Gershenzon Jonathan , Lou Yonggen , Baldwin Ian T. , Li Ran
Published: May 2023

Plants produce chemical defenses that poison insect herbivores or deter their feeding, but herbivores are also accompanied by microbial endosymbionts crucial for their nutrition, reproduction, and fitness. Hence, plant defenses could target a herbivore’s beneficial endosymbionts, but this has not yet been demonstrated. Here, we studied flavonoids that are induced when rice is attacked by a phloem-feeding pest, the brown planthopper (BPH), which harbors beneficial yeast-like symbionts (YLS) essential for insect nutrition, such as by remedying deficiencies in sterols. BPH attack dramatically increased sakuranetin accumulations in leaf sheaths and phloem exudates. Sakuranetin is an antifungal phytoalexin derived from the antibacterial precursor, naringenin, via catalysis of naringenin-O-methyltransferase (NOMT). When added to artificial diets, sakuranetin decreased BPH survivorship, suggesting that it functions as an induced defense. Mutation ofNOMTabolished sakuranetin accumulation and increased BPH oviposition and hatching rates. High-throughput amplicon sequencing revealed that BPH fed on sakuranetin-deficientnomtlines were enriched in YLS with only minor changes in the bacterial endosymbionts, compared to those feeding on sakuranetin-rich wild-type (WT) plants. In-vitro feeding of sakuranetin suggested that this flavonoid directly inhibited the growth of YLS. BPH feeding onnomtlines accumulated higher cholesterol levels, which might be attributed to increases in the supply of sterol precursors from the YLS, whilenomtlines suffered more damage than WT plants did from BPH herbivory. BPH-elicited accumulation of sakuranetin requires intact jasmonate (JA) signaling. This study reveals that rice uses a JA-induced antifungal flavonoid phytoalexin in defense against BPH by inhibiting its beneficial endosymbionts.
Effectiveness of synthetic coolant at 0°C on machining of SS304 with PVD coated TiCN tool to evaluate and compare tool wear and surface finish with conventional machining method
Authors: Patil Pravin , Karande Prasad
Published: May 2023

The work-hardening and low thermal conductivity characteristics of SS304 had always been a challenge to machine it easily with better tool life and surface finish. The type of coolant, its temperature and surface coated inserts plays a pivotal role in machining the hard materials. A number of experiments were performed with a TiCN and tungsten carbide inserts in combination with soluble/synthetic coolant at ambient temperature and at 0oC TiCN-coated cemented carbide insert with synthetic coolant at 0°C is recommended for machining as per the results obtained through this research work. It was found that TiCN-coated inserts used for machining SS304 with synthetic coolant at 0°C provide better tool life, less tool wear, improved surface finish and low heat generation. The tool life was enhanced approximately by 75%, 20% reduction in maximum temperature generation and 50% improvement in surface finish of workpiece.
Modelling intensity volume averaging in ab initio calculations of high harmonic generation
Authors: Hutcheson L , van der Hart H W , Brown A C
Published: May 2023

We present an approach to assess the survival of single-atom effects in the macroscopic high-harmonic generation (HHG) spectrum, by accounting for focal volume averaging. We apply this technique to R-matrix with time-dependence (RMT) studies, which are designed to include the full multielectron response of an atom. Such an approach allows the assessment of which features of an experimentally-measured HHG spectrum of diffuse gases may be traced directly to single-atom effects and vice-versa. While accounting for the phase of harmonics produced at different locations in the focal volume gives the most accurate results, a simplified approach, using a smaller number of RMT calculations, is found to provide comparable conclusions. We apply these approaches to compute intensity-averaged harmonic spectra in two different experimental regimes.
The solenoidal large intensity device (SoLID) for JLab 12 GeV
Authors: Arrington J , Benesch J , Camsonne A , Caylor J , Chen J-P , Covrig Dusa S , Emmert A , Evans G , Gao H , Hansen J-O , Huber G M , Joosten S , Khachatryan V , Liyanage N , Meziani Z-E , Nycz M , Peng C , Paolone M , Seay W , Souder P A , Sparveris N , Spiesberger H , Tian Y , Voutier E , Xie J , Xiong W , Ye Z-Y , Ye Z , Zhang J , Zhao Z-W , Zheng X ,   For the Jefferson Lab SoLID Collaboration
Published: May 2023

The solenoidal large intensity device (SoLID) is a new experimental apparatus planned for Hall A at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab). SoLID will combine large angular and momentum acceptance with the capability to handle very high data rates at high luminosity. With a slate of approved high-impact physics experiments, SoLID will push JLab to a new limit at the QCD intensity frontier that will exploit the full potential of its 12 GeV electron beam. In this paper, we present an overview of the rich physics program that can be realized with SoLID, which encompasses the tomography of the nucleon in 3D momentum space from semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering, expanding the phase space in the search for new physics and novel hadronic effects in parity-violating DIS, a precision measurement of J/ψ production at threshold that probes the gluon field and its contribution to the proton mass, tomography of the nucleon in combined coordinate and momentum space with deep exclusive reactions, and more. To meet the challenging requirements, the design of SoLID described here takes full advantage of recent progress in detector, data acquisition and computing technologies. In addition, we outline potential experiments beyond the currently approved program and discuss the physics that could be explored should upgrades of CEBAF become a reality in the future.
Radiological risk assessment of outdoor 222Rn and 220Rn around rare earth element and uranium mines from northern Vietnam
Authors: Hoang Van-Hiep , Tai Tue Nguyen , Nguyen Thai-Son , Dang Quy Tran , Nguyen Thanh-Duong , Nguyen Van-Dung
Published: May 2023

The outdoor 222Rn and 220Rn concentrations at 320 sampling points at 1 m above the ground in different sites surrounding rare earth element (REE) and uranium mines from northern Vietnam were measured using the RAD7. Results showed that 222Rn concentrations were always higher than 220Rn concentrations with large variation ranges from 25.7 to 573 Bq m−3 and from 18.5 to 385 Bq m−3, respectively. The high correlation between 220Rn and 228Ra concentrations in surface soil of the studied sites were observed. The highest 220Rn and 222Rn concentrations are found at the sampling points of the REE NX-Lai Chau site. The 220Rn and 222Rn activities surrounding the REE mines were found to be higher than those surrounding the uranium mines. The average annual committed effective doses originated from the inhalation of 220Rn and 222Rn outdoor concentrations is about five times higher than the worldwide average value.
Strain fields measurement using frequency domain Savitzky–Golay filters in digital image correlation
Authors: Wu Rong , Li Yanbing , Zhang Shuiqiang
Published: May 2023

Savitzky–Golay (SG) filter is an effective and convenient gradient calculation method employed for full-field strain measurement in digital image correlation (DIC). Currently, the strain field can be conveniently obtained by moving smoothing filtering with SG filters. This is a method of spatial filtering, which offers the advantages of easy implementation and high accuracy. This study proposed a strain calculation method based on frequency domain SG (FD-SG) filtering. Prior to performing FD-SG filtering, data extension operations involving outer-boundary padding and zero-padding were performed on the displacement field data. Similarly, the SG filters template was extended with zero-padding and circularly shift operations. Subsequently, FD-SG filters were generated by applying the fast Fourier transform (FFT) to the expanded SG template. Thereafter, FD-SG filtering was implemented through the multiplication of the displacement in the Fourier-domain by an FD-SG filter. Finally, the strain field was obtained via inverse FFT and valid data interception operation. The simulation and practical experiments confirmed the equivalent accuracy exhibited by FD-SG and spatial domain SG filtering. Thus, the proposed FD-SG filtering method has great potential for real-time strain measurement in DIC.
Charge-to-spin conversion in fully epitaxial Ru/Cu hybrid nanolayers with interface control
Authors: Song Jieyuan , He Cong , Scheike Thomas , Wen Zhenchao , Sukegawa Hiroaki , Ohkubo Tadakatsu , Nozaki Yukio , Mitani Seiji
Published: May 2023

The demonstration of the charge-to-spin conversion, especially with enhanced spin Hall conductivity, is crucial for the development of energy-efficient spintronic devices such as spin–orbit torque (SOT) based magnetoresistive random access memories. In this work, fully epitaxial Ru/Cu heterostructures were fabricated with interface engineering and nanolayer insertions consisting of Cu (1 nm)/Ru (1 nm) structures with different numbers of periods. The atomically controlled interface was confirmed by the high-resolution high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy, and the epitaxial relationship persists even in the hybrid nanolayer insertion structures. The spin current generation was detected by the measurement of unidirectional spin Hall magnetoresistance, and the effective damping-like spin Hall efficiency (ξ
DL) was further quantitatively evaluated by the spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance with thickness dependence of the ferromagnetic layer. It is found that the sharp interface Ru/Cu film has a sizeable ξ
DL of −2.2% and the insertion of Cu/Ru nanolayers at the interface can increase the ξ
DL value to −3.7%. The former could be attributed to the interface spin–orbit filtering effect and the latter may be further understood by the intrinsic contribution from the local electronic structure tuning due to the lattice distortion near the interface. A large effective spin Hall conductivity is achieved to be (3∼5) × 105

ℏ

2
e

Ω−1 m−1 in the epitaxial Ru/Cu hybrid nanolayers, which is in the same range as that of platinum. This work indicates that the interfacial control with hybrid nanolayer structures can extend the SOT-based materials to highly conductive metals, even with weak spin–orbit interactions, toward high stability, low cost, and low energy consumption for spintronic applications.
Synergistic impacts of Fe/Fe3C and Fe-Nx on high-efficiency microwave-absorbing properties of Fe/Fe3C@NC composites
Authors: Luo Li , Yuan Xiaoyan , Wang Dongsheng , Qiu Xiaoqing
Published: May 2023

The construction of multi-component composites has become an attractive strategy for high-performance microwave absorption through balancing the magnetic and dielectric loss. However, the influences of different components on absorption performance are ambiguous, which has inevitably hampered the widespread applications of microwave absorbents. Herein, we rationally designed the multi-component absorbers of N-doped carbon composited with Fe/Fe3C nanoparticles, and systematically investigated the impacts of Fe/Fe3C nanoparticles and Fe-Nx moieties on the microwave-absorbing capacities. It is found that the coexisitence of Fe/Fe3C and Fe-Nx is indispensable to realize the strong microwave absorption ability by simultaneously enhancing the dielectric and magnetic loss in the frequency range of 2–18 GHz. As expected, our optimal absorber dispersed in paraffin with a filler loading of 15 wt% exhibits the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) value of −49 dB and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth (BWeff) value of 4.2 GHz at a low thickness. Our work specifies the importance and influence of the coexistence between the Fe-Nx configurations and Fe/Fe3C nanoparticles in the carbon-based composites for the superior microwave absorption and inspires the future fabrication of extraordinary materials in the electromagnetic field.
High orientation consistency and adjustable convex width of laser-induced periodic surface structures using picosecond laser pulse trains
Authors: Pan Aifei , Wang Wenjun , Mei Xuesong , Xia Yong , Sun Xiaoyun
Published: May 2023

High orientation consistency and adjustable convex width of the low-spatial-frequency laser-induced periodic surface structures (LSFLs), crucial to the functional surface characteristics, have remained elusive. This paper proposes a new method to fabricate LSFLs with high orientation consistency on the rough surface of titanium by combining laser polishing and laser induction with LSFLs with a tunable convex width via laser melting as the post-treatment. Picosecond pulses trained with a 50-ns interval are applied to regulate the thermal incubation effect and achieve laser polishing and laser nanoscale melting. The melting time of titanium for laser polishing and laser nanoscale melting is determined to be on a microsecond time scale and around 100 ns, respectively. Experimental studies show that the surface texture of titanium lowers the orientation consistency of LSFLs and that its divergence angle is 30°. Picosecond pulses with a sub-pulse number of three are applied to achieve surface polishing and the formation of the rudiment of the LSFLs, followed by the picosecond laser induction. As a result, the divergence angle of LSFLs decreases from 30° to 12°. On this basis, aiming at the problem of the narrow adjustability of the convexity ratio of LSFLs, a nanoscale melting processing method based on picosecond pulse trains with a sub-pulse number of four is proposed, and LSFLs with the tunable convexity ratios from 0.3 to 0.87 are obtained.
Bidirectional feature matching based on deep pairwise contrastive learning for multiparametric MRI image synthesis
Authors: Touati Redha , Kadoury Samuel
Published: May 2023

Objective. Multi-parametric MR image synthesis is an effective approach for several clinical applications where specific modalities may be unavailable to reach a diagnosis. While technical and practical conditions limit the acquisition of new modalities for a patient, multimodal image synthesis combines multiple modalities to synthesize the desired modality. Approach. In this paper, we propose a new multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) synthesis model, which generates the target MRI modality from two other available modalities, in pathological MR images. We first adopt a contrastive learning approach that trains an encoder network to extract a suitable feature representation of the target space. Secondly, we build a synthesis network that generates the target image from a common feature space that approximately matches the contrastive learned space of the target modality. We incorporate a bidirectional feature learning strategy that learns a multimodal feature matching function, in two opposite directions, to transform the augmented multichannel input in the learned target space. Overall, our training synthesis loss is expressed as the combination of the reconstruction loss and a bidirectional triplet loss, using a pair of features. Main results. Compared to other state-of-the-art methods, the proposed model achieved an average improvement rate of 3.9% and 3.6% on the IXI and BraTS’18 datasets respectively. On the tumor BraTS’18 dataset, our model records the highest Dice score of 0.793(0.04) for preserving the synthesized tumor regions in the segmented images. Significance. Validation of the proposed model on two public datasets confirms the efficiency of the model to generate different MR contrasts, and preserve tumor areas in the synthesized images. In addition, the model is flexible to generate head and neck CT image from MR acquisitions. In future work, we plan to validate the model using interventional iMRI contrasts for MR-guided neurosurgery applications, and also for radiotherapy applications. Clinical measurements will be collected during surgery to evaluate the model’s performance.
Physics of drift Alfvén instabilities and energetic particles in fusion plasmas
Authors: Li Yueyan , Falessi Matteo Valerio , Lauber Philipp , Li Yang , Qiu Zhiyong , Wei Guangyu , Zonca Fulvio
Published: May 2023

Shear Alfvén wave (SAW)/drift Alfvén wave (DAW) fluctuations can be destabilized by energetic particles (EPs) as well as thermal plasma components, which play a key role in the EP energy and momentum transport processes in burning fusion plasmas. The drift Alfvén energetic particle stability (DAEPS) code, which is an eigenvalue code using the finite element method, was developed to analyze Alfvén instabilities excited by EPs. The model equations, consisting of the quasineutrality condition and the Schrödinger-like form of the vorticity equation, are derived within the general fishbone-like dispersion relation theoretical framework, which is widely used to analyze SAW/DAW physics. The mode structure decomposition approach and asymptotic matching between the inertial/singular layer and ideal regions are adopted. Therefore, the DAEPS code can provide not only frequency and growth/damping rate but also the parallel mode structure as well as the asymptotic behavior corresponding to the singular-layer contribution. Thus, it fully describes fluid and kinetic continuous spectra as well as unstable and damped modes. The model equations have been extended to include general axisymmetric geometry and to solve for the response of circulating and trapped particles by means of the action-angle approach. In this work, we discuss linear dispersion relation and parallel mode structure of drift Alfvén instabilities excited by EPs, computed with the DAEPS code with realistic experimental plasma profile and magnetic configuration. We compare DAEPS results with FALCON/LIGKA to provide a verification of the code. We then adopt the Dyson–Schrödinger model (DSM) to further analyze the EP energy and momentum flux. We will briefly discuss how the parallel mode structure of the drift Alfvén instabilities can be used in the DSM to calculate the nonlinear radial envelope evolution and the EP transport.
Solitons and quasi-Grammians of the generalized lattice Heisenberg magnet model
Authors: Amjad Zeeshan , Haider Bushra
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we study the discrete Darboux and standard binary Darboux transformation for the generalized lattice Heisenberg magnet model. We calculate the quasi-Grammian solutions by the iteration of standard binary Darboux transformation. Furthermore, we derive the explicit matrix solutions for the binary Darboux matrix and then reduce them to the elementary Darboux matrix and plot the dynamics of solutions.
Application of solar photovoltaic electricity in unravelling the effects of coating defects on cathodic protection parameters of buried pipeline
Authors: Ekperi R , Ajieh M U , Ikpeseni S C , Owamah H I , Edomwonyi-Otu L C , Okafor I F
Published: May 2023

Corrosion management in some remote locations such as Niger Delta region of Nigeria, is at risk of uncertainty of constant power supply. Thus, solar photovoltaic (PV) presents a sustainable alternative to conventional fossil energy in mitigating pipeline failure, associated human and material harzards and other environmental exposures. Coating defects takes place when the surface of the structure is cathodically exposed. An epoxy coating was applied on the X65 carbon pipeline powered with four (4) solar PV modules to charge a 200Ah battery to generate a direct current (DC) and to detect defects initiated on the coated pipe. Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR) technique was adopted in assessing cathodic protection (CP) parameters of the coated pipe. The result shows that current flow decreased with an increase in the size of the defect. Resistance to CP was found to be 12354263.07 Ohm.cm2 compared with no CP of 87174 Ohm.cm2 at 0.1 cm2 scratch size. By implication, the application of coating with CP in the absence of defects was observed to significantly increase cathodic current. This is otherwise known as overprotection, a situation that enhances hydrogen embrittlement and coating disbondment.
Comparative study of dyes and effects of purification on selected plants for dye-sensitized solar cells application
Authors: Akwolu R A , Offiah S U , Agbogu A , Nwakanma O , Ekechukwu O. V. , Okafor I. F. , Ugwuoke P E
Published: May 2023

The extensive research and interest in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) due to their relatively low cost, simple preparation methodology, low toxicity, and comparable ease of production continues to garner momentum over recent decades. This study explores the extraction and purification of dyes from different plant sources for solar cell applications. The results obtained from these extracts commonly serve societies ranging from dyes for textiles to medicinal applications for multiple ailments and also for DSSC. The purification using dyechloromethyl (DCM), an organic solvent, and column chromatography helps separate the impurities and other solutions and get the pigment responsible for each dye. The dyes were deposited using a simple drop-casting technique on a doctor-blade fabricated TiO2 layer. The UV-Vis characterizations of the dyes showed an increase in the band gap values after the purification, and FTIR characterizations showed the presence of chemical structures needed for dye-sensitized solar cells. EIS studies showed a decrease in the impedance values after purification, which could positively enhance the efficiency of solar cell devices.
Morphological characterization of sweet sorghum lines which has the potential as a raw material for bioethanol
Authors: Herniwati  , Widaryanto E , Waluyo B , Wicaksono K P , Pabendon M B
Published: May 2023

Sweet sorghum is a potential plant as a raw material for bioethanol. This plant has the potential to be developed in tropical, semi-tropical and arid climates. To obtain information on elite lines as raw material for ethanol, it is necessary to characterize qualitative and quantitative traits. This study aims to obtain information about the quantitative and qualitative characters of several sweet sorghum lines that have the potential as raw materials for bioethanol. The research was carried out from August to December 2019 on the Experimental Farm of Indonesian Cereals Research Institute (ICERI), at Maros, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The genetic materials used in this study were ten sweet sorghum lines, namely 15020B, 1115-C, 4-183ABEOTO, AB-6-1-1, EA-13-1-1, KL2, 10 (1-1), 23 (1-1), Buleleng Abang and WR2 and two varieties as check, namely Super-1 and Super-2, using a randomized block design in which genotype was the treatment factor. Qualitative data is explained by a descriptive method which refers to UPOV. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences in the quantitative and qualitative characters. Significantly different characters quantitatively were plant height, leaf length, leaf width, day to flowering, panicle length, and weight of 1000 grains. While the significant qualitative data are green leaf intensity, leaf bone color, pistil color, pistil length, dry stamen color, panicle shape, panicle density after pollination, self-pollination, husk color, husk length, grain color, seed shape, and endosperm texture. Based on morphological data, the promising elite lines as raw material for bioethanol were EA-13-1-1, KL2, WR2, Buleleng Abang, 61 (1-1) and 15020B. However, other scientific supporting data are needed to recommend superior sweet sorghum lines as raw material for bioethanol.