bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are metacognition interventions in young children effective? Evidence from a series of meta-analyses
Authors: Eberhart Janina , Ingendahl Franziska , Bryce Donna
Published: February 2025

A metacognitive learner acts in a planful way, monitors their progress, flexibly adapts their strategies, and reflects on their learning. Unsurprisingly, a metacognitive approach to learning is an important predictor of children’s academic performance and many attempts have been made to promote metacognition in young children. The current meta-analytic study evaluates the impact of such metacognition interventions on outcomes related to self-regulated learning and academic achievement in typically developing pre- and elementary school children. Structural, content-related, and methodological moderators were tested in this study including 349 effect sizes from 67 studies. An overall effectiveness of metacognition interventions was evidenced at immediate post-test g = 0.48 (95% CI [0.35, 0.61]), and at follow-up g = 0.29 (95% CI [0.17, 0.40]). Interestingly, metacognition interventions effectively enhanced children’s self-efficacy only at follow-up, suggesting that the positive impact of these interventions can unfold over a protracted period. For the first time, children’s executive functions were considered as outcome variables and results indicated a positive impact of metacognition interventions on these variables. One notable finding was that interventions that were delivered by teachers or task materials were more effective than interventions that were delivered by researchers for two outcomes related to self-regulated learning. This finding may reflect recent improvements in how teachers and researchers collaborate to develop intervention programs. The study supports and extends existing evidence that young learners benefit from metacognition interventions in myriad ways and provides novel insights relevant for pedagogical practice and theories of self-regulated learning.
Neuroscience and climate action: intersecting pathways for brain and planetary health
Authors: Todorova Boryana , Steininger Maximilian Oscar , Lamm Claus , Doell Kimberly C
Published: February 2025

The climate crisis and the human brain are intricately connected. Climate change impacts neurocognitive health, while climate actions both shape and are shaped by the brain. However, research examining these connections remains scarce. This review highlights how neuroscience can deepen the understanding of the reciprocal relationship between climate action and the brain. First, we discuss how both individual and collective climate action can directly and indirectly benefit our brain health, mental health and cognitive functioning and how emphasising this holds the potential of harvesting self-interest as a driving force for change. Second, we explore the role of the brain’s emotional and decision-making systems in motivating climate action. We also highlight neuroscience’s potential to predict population- level behaviours and aid in the systematic development of interventions. By addressing current knowledge gaps, we identify the next steps for deepening our understanding of the interwoven connections between climate action and the brain.
Regimes, Leaders, and Lockdowns: Who Responded More Quickly to the COVID-19 Pandemic?
Authors: Wehner Joachim , Hallerberg Mark
Published: February 2025

Explanations of the speed of policy responses to COVID-19 highlight two sets of arguments. One focuses on regime type. Did autocracies, with fewer institutional constraints and high coercive power, lock down more quickly than democracies? The second concerns the “type” of health policymaker. Did governments led by doctors or natural scientists respond more quickly, and did men and populists delay lockdown? We examine these relationships with a global dataset of political regimes and relevant traits of 188 political leaders and health ministers in office at the start of the pandemic. Our setup addresses concerns about reciprocal causation and sample selection bias and proves robust to potential confounders. We find autocracies locked down more slowly than democracies, while leader traits appear not to matter. However, medical doctors in the health portfolio are associated with lower likelihood of lockdown, suggesting they may have provided cover for leaders hesitant to do so.
A mechanism of random opinion fluctuation for the modeling of reflective agents and its influence on the opinion formation in the C/PA relative agreement societies
Authors: Abrica-Jacinto N. Letica , Kurmyshev Evguenii
Published: February 2025

This article explores the mathematical modelling of intricate internal process of agents’ thoughts, highlighting its importance in the opinion formation at both personal and social level. Current models of opinion dynamics often evade the reflective and focus primarily on the reactive agents. With intent to fill this gap, the article introduces an al?gorithm that simulates the reflection process, assigning this capacity to a number of agents. Simulations and comparative analysis on a small?world network reveal that the reflective agents have a notable impact on the dynamics of opinion; in particular, the proportion and activeness of reflective agents influence the breadth and smoothness of the opinion spectrums, and their presence encourages agents in the formation of centrist groups and create greater tolerance of agents to the opinion of others. These results highlight the intricate dynamics and importance of reflective agents in opinion formation.
Exploring Theory with Agent-based Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Lorenz Jan
Published: February 2025

Agent-based modeling and computer simulation is a research practice used to explore and explain the emergence of macroscopic phenomena of human societies. We are looking at five examples through a common lens. The examples are: the phenomena of ethnic segregation; the fate of street protests; the relations of redistribution, growth, and inequality; fragmentation and polarization of attitudes, and the evolution of filter bubbles. A special focus is put on the description of the generative mechanisms using simple models that can be used online and the distinction of mechanisms of type I (which govern the behavior of individuals and institutions) and type II (which govern the emergence of new systemic properties). Finally, five extensions of the simple models are discussed, which demonstrate different research directions that can be taken in exploring and developing social theory.
Thrust boundary delineation and metamorphic zonation mapping through petrography in the Tamghas-Arkhabang section, western Nepal
Authors: Lamsal Sunil , Paudyal Kabi Raj
Published: February 2025

This study analyzes the mineral paragenesis and microstructural characteristics of rocks from the Tamghas-Arkhabang section to delineate a thrust boundary and create a detailed metamorphic zonation map. A 1:25,000 scale geological map was prepared, and representative rock samples from each stratigraphic unit were systematically collected for petrographic analysis. Fourteen thin sections were examined to understand the deformation and metamorphism in the region. Field observations such as fault breccias, fault gouge, lineation, and slickensides, along with petrographic evidence of inverted and dynamic metamorphism, cataclastic deformation, and ribbon quartz, suggest the presence of a thrust equivalent to the Mahabharat Thrust (MT), a significant tectonic feature in the study area. Microstructural indicators like undulose extinction, grain boundary migration, recrystallisation, and deformation lamellae in quartz further confirm this thrust's existence. Two distinct carbonate successions were identified: the southern unit correlates with the Lesser Himalayan sequence, while the northern, more metamorphosed carbonate unit is associated with the Bhimphedi Group, part of the Jajarkot Thrust Sheet. Stratigraphic continuity is disrupted in some sections, where quartzite and schist replace the basal carbonate strata, likely due to thrusting. The thrust's propagation has impacted both footwall and hanging wall rocks, evidenced by features such as rotated garnets with spiral inclusions. Three metamorphic zones—chlorite, biotite, and garnet isograd—indicate progressive metamorphism linked to thrust tectonics, revealing an inverted metamorphic sequence in the region.
तीन घुम्ती उपन्यासको वात्स्यायनशास्त्रीय विश्लेषण {A metaphysical analysis of the three wandering novels }
Authors: शर्मा Sharma उर्मिला Urmila
Published: February 2025

आख्यानकार विश्वेश्वरप्रसाद कोइराला प्रथम आधुनिक मनोवैज्ञानिक कथाकार र विसङ्गतिवादी–अस्तित्ववादी विचारका उपन्यासकार हुन् । फ्रायडवादी जीवनदृष्टि र अस्तित्ववादी मान्यताका आधारमा यिनका कथा–उपन्यासहरूको अध्ययन भएको छ । यिनका कथा–उपन्यासमा प्रथम पूर्वीय मनोवैज्ञानिक चिन्तक आचार्य वात्स्यायनको कामशास्त्रीय प्रभाव पनि पाइन्छ । कोइरालाका आख्यानमा वात्स्यायन र फ्रायडका विशेषताहरूलाई तुलनात्मक रुपमा खोज र विश्लेषण गर्ने सन्दर्भमा उपन्यासमा पाइने कामसूत्रीय प्रभावको समष्टिगत खोज र अध्ययन भए पनि कुनै पनि निश्चित उपन्यास कृतिमा केन्द्रित भई विशिष्टीकृत रूपमा त्यो काम हुन सकेको छैन । यस लेखमा उनको पहिलो उपन्यास ‘तीन घुम्ती’मा कामशास्त्रीय प्रभावको खोज र विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । वात्स्यायनको कामसूत्रले कामवृत्तिको सर्वोच्चता, नारीस्वतन्त्रता, नारी यौनमनोविज्ञान, युवाकेन्द्री मनोविज्ञान, सम्भोग सिद्धान्त, आचारहीनता र कामान्धताको विरोध, नारीअस्तित्व र मातृत्वको सम्मान तथा संस्कृतिसापेक्षवादको मान्यतालाई महत्त्व  दिएको छ । कोइरालाको ‘तीन घुम्ती’ उपन्यासमा यिनै वात्स्यायनसूत्रीय मान्यताहरूको प्रभाव देखिएको छ । यस अध्ययनमा वात्स्यायनको कामशास्त्रीय सिद्धान्तका आधारमा ‘तीन घुम्ती’ उपन्यासको विश्लेषण गरी निष्कर्ष दिने प्रयत्न गरिएको छ ।
नारदमुनिको वालिङ यात्रा निबन्धसङ्ग्रहमा व्यङ्ग्य {Satire on Naradamuni's Walling Yatra Essay Collection}
Authors: मरासिनी Marasini नारायण Narayan
Published: February 2025

समय, व्यक्ति एवं परिवेशद्वारा निसृत विकृतिका कारकहरूलाई उच्छेदन गरी स्वस्थ एवं सभ्य समाज निर्माण गर्ने उद्देश्यले सिर्जित रचना विशेष नै व्यङ्ग्य निबन्ध हो । व्यङ्ग्य निबन्धमा असामाजिक पक्षको विरोध गरिन्छ; आडम्बरी प्रवृत्तिको पर्दाफास गरिन्छ । यसमा विद्यमान अन्याय–अत्याचार, असत्य, अव्यवस्थालगायतका विकृतिलाई हटाएर सुन्दर र सभ्य समाजको निर्माण गर्ने उद्देश्य रहेको हुन्छ । भेषजराज शर्मा व्यङ्ग्यात्मक शैलीमा निबन्ध लेख्ने निबन्धकार हुन् । यस लेखमा भेषजराजका निबन्धमा प्रयुक्त व्यङ्ग्य चेतनाको अध्ययन गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत लेख गुणात्मक प्रकृतिकोे रहेको छ । लेखका लागि पुस्तकालयीय अध्ययन कार्यबाट प्राथमिक ‘नारदमुनिको वालिङ यात्रा’ र द्वितीयक (पुस्तक, पत्रिका आदि) स्रोतबाट तथ्य सङ्कलन गरी निगमनात्मक अध्ययन पद्धतिका सहायताले तिनको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । अध्ययनमा प्रस्तुत दाबीलाई पुष्टि गर्न आवश्यक तर्क र साक्ष्यहरू प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । सम्बन्धित पूर्व अध्येतासँग संवाद गर्दै आवश्यकताअनुसार लेखकीय दृष्टिकोण प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । लेखमा ‘नारदमुनिको वालिङ यात्रा’ निबन्धसङ्ग्रह भित्रका निबन्धमा निहित व्यङ्ग्यार्थको विश्लेषण पूर्वीय साहित्यका चिन्तक कुन्तकको वक्रोक्ति सिद्धान्तमा आधारित भएर गरिएको छ । अन्त्यमा सामाजिक विकृति र विसङ्गतिहरूलाई वक्रोक्तिको शैलीमा प्रस्तुत गरिएका भेषजराजका निबन्धले चोटिलो व्यङ्ग्यका माध्यमबाट व्यक्ति र समाजलाई नैतिकताको बाटामा हिँडाउन चाहेको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
अग्नि महाकाव्यमा सीमान्तीयता {Marginality in the Agni epic}
Authors: पाण्डे Pandey सरस्वती Saraswati
Published: February 2025

प्रस्तुत लेखको उद्देश्य नवराज लम्सालद्वारा लिखित अग्नि महाकाव्यमा प्रयुक्त जातीय प्रतिनिधित्व र पहिचान, सीमान्तीय जातको आवाज र सीमान्तीय जातप्रति लेखकीय दृष्टिकोणको खोजी गर्नु हो । अध्ययनको निर्दिष्ट उद्देश्य पूरा गर्न गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान ढाँचाको उपयोग गरिएको छ । पुस्तकालयीय अध्ययन कार्यबाट प्राथमिक र द्वितीयक स्रोतका तथ्याङ्क सङ्कलन गरी महाकाव्यको व्याख्या विश्लेषण गरिएको यस अध्ययनमा जातीय सीमान्तीयताको सिद्धान्तलाई आधार बनाइएको छ । महाकाव्यमा विशेषगरी सत्तामा बसेका शासकले दलित जातिको श्रम शोषण गरी कसरी उनीहरूलाई किनारामा पु¥याउँछ भन्ने कुरालाई जातीय प्रतिनिधित्व र पहिचानका माध्यमबाट प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । अग्निबाटै इतिहास र सभ्यताको विकास भएका कारण आरनमा काम गर्ने जातलाई किनारामा पार्न नहुने, इतिहासको पुनर्लेखन गर्नुपर्ने लेखकीय दृष्टिकोणसमेत उक्त महाकाव्यमा पाइन्छ । महाकाव्यमा ठुले कामी, छेलाङी, जुनीमाया पात्रहरू सीमान्तीय रूपमा देखिएका छन् भने हेमकर्ण सेन पात्र उच्च जातका रूपमा आएको छ । महाकाव्यमा प्रभुताको उपयोग सम्भ्रान्त जातले मात्र गरेका छन् भने सदियौँदेखि शोषित र उपेक्षित बनेका सीमान्त जात प्रभुताबाट वञ्चित छन् । यिनै सीमान्तीय सन्दर्भहरूलाई विश्लेषण गरी निष्कर्षमा पुगिएको प्रस्तुत लेखले जातीय सीमान्तीयताको अध्ययनमा रुचि राख्ने अध्येताका लागि सहयोग पु¥याउने अपेक्षा गरिएको छ ।
Eclecticism in child welfare
Authors: Halvorsen Terje
Published: February 2025

This article discusses the use of professional theories in the field of child welfare. The presentation is largely based on the author’s observations from debates between Norwegian scholars over the last four decades. The conclusion, however, may have a general validity. During previous century a large number of theories were introduced to the field of child welfare. When we reached the end of the century there was a multitude of available theories, but also strong disagreement among peers about which theory to choose. Several researchers then advocated a clean-up campaign where one through randomized controlled trials should decide which theories are true and which methods work. False theories and ineffective methods were to be discarded. The researchers, however, experienced problems and disappointments. It proved hard to demonstrate that a particular method had decisive impact on most children and young people. The author argues that one should give up the search for one ultimate approach, or a few preferred approaches, and realize that eclecticism is the way to high-quality child welfare.
Hubungan Kualitas Layanan Kesehatan Dengan Minat Kunjungan Ulang Pasien Rawat Jalan Di Klinik Pratama Syafana Medika
Authors: Rahayu Dewi Sri , Marchamah Dwi Nur Siti , Arumsari Wahyuni
Published: February 2025

Pratama Syafana Medika Clinic has experienced an up-and-down trend in the number of outpatients over the last six months. Based on initial observations, the causes of the decrease in the number of patients include poor quality of services provided, slow treatment of patients, inadequate medical equipment, and inadequate building facilities. The type of research is quantitative analytical with a cross-sectional research design. The study population included all 3,151 patients at the Pratama Syafana Medika Clinic. Next, to determine the sample size, researchers used the Slovin formula. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The results of bivariate research using the chi-square test show that the relationship between the quality of health services on the dimensions of reliability is obtained at sig-p= 0.002, responsiveness is obtained at sig-p= 0.001, assurance is obtained at sig-p= 0.001, empathy is obtained ) obtained sig-p= 0.001, direct evidence (tangible) obtained sig-p= 0.000 which means there is a relationship between quality of health services on patient interest in repeat visits at Pratama Syafana Medika Clinic. Suggestions for Pratama Syafana Medika Clinic to further improve the quality of health services to increase the number of patients interested in repeat visits.
An Investigation of Memory Retrieval of Linguistic Structures among Yemeni Adults through Spreading Activation: A Psycholinguistic Study
Authors: Alghafri Mohammed Sloum , Alfadly Hassan Obaid , Alwalidi Fatima Al-Abd Salim
Published: February 2025

Objectives: This study aimed to address a gap in psycholinguistics by investigating linguistic structures (LSs) retrieved from memory among Yemeni adults, using Anderson's (1976) Spread Activation Theory. The primary objectives were to determine the frequency of LSs in memory retrieval and to measure the time required for this process. Methods: A quantitative descriptive approach was used, involving thirty-three English-speaking adults from Mahrah University. Participants completed three written tests based on Spread Activation Theory: Fact Retrieval (FR) test, Configured Cue (CC) test, and Schemata Sentences (SS) test. Results: Findings showed that the most frequently retrieved structure was the word level, with a retrieval rate of (81.01%), followed by sentence structure (71.01%), phrase structure (68.18%), independent clause (62.84%), and dependent clause (58.62%). The average time taken to retrieve twenty-five simple sentences was three minutes and nine seconds, with an accuracy rate of 73% and an error rate of 24%. Conclusions: This study highlighted the varying retrieval frequencies of linguistic structures and provided insights into memory retrieval times, emphasizing the effectiveness of Spread Activation Theory in analyzing linguistic memory.
Correctly Selected Tactics for Treatment of Sepsis Against the Background of Purulent Meningoencephalitis in A Teenager
Authors: Ermachenko M.F.
Published: February 2025

Control of bone hemostasis using bone wax is convincing. Around the prolapsed brain from the previous trepanation, a bone bridge was formed, which was also resected using Kerrison pliers. In the opened field, cyanotic, slightly protruding outward relative to the bone window, dura mater is visible, with traces of brain detritus, thrombotic masses and purulent film. The dura mater was opened for the purpose of subsequent sail plasty using the Xeno Dura implant, to provide a larger useful volume of the intracranial cavity for the purpose of subsequent prevention of wedging.
The Internet and Personality Disorder (IDD)
Authors: Stepanenko Vyacheslav
Published: February 2025

One of the main disorders in pathopsychology is considered to be personality disorders (RL). A number of studies conducted at the Scientific Research Center for Psychotherapy (SIC) St. Petersburg, Russia, is considered as the interaction of human neuropsychology and the digital environment in the context of fusion, a single subjectivity. In the last 10 years, manifestations of RL, including illegal behavior, are often directly or indirectly related to the use of the Internet. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to study the interrelationships of RL and Internet use in the commission of offenses, as a clarification of the mechanisms of illegal activity and the search for ways to improve psychological assessment and prevention of illegal activity in this disorder.
Curbing Diarrhea in Children below five years old: The sub-Saharan African Standpoint
Authors: Ifeanyi Obeagu Emmanuel
Published: February 2025

Diarrhea is the second foremost reason for death in children below 5 years old in the sub-Saharan African region. Insufficient cleanliness, food insecurity, and inadequate health facilities are markers of SSA and thus contribute to high rates of diarrhea in this area. Diarrhea can trigger worry in the family due to the increased financial costs of fighting the illness. Frequent episodes of diarrhea can put physical and mental stress on mothers and caregivers, not to mention the cost of treating diarrhea, placing an additional burden on an already declining health sector. Several factors influence the occurrence of diarrhea in kids: socioeconomic, environmental, and behavioral factors. Measures to prevent diarrhea include using clean water, practicing better hygiene, washing hands with soap, and providing adequate and complete vaccination. A blend of clean water, sugar, and salt, commonly termed oral rehydration solution (ORS), is used to treat diarrhea. Zinc supplements may improve recovery from diarrhea. Despite the preventable and treatable nature of diarrhea, the rate of deaths among children in the sub-Saharan African region due to diarrhea is unfathomable. Therefore, it is necessary to quickly re-establish mechanisms to combat this threat. In this article, we reviewed the frequency of diarrhea in children living in sub-Saharan African regions, its impact, and the factors that promote its persistence. We also suggested measures that can be taken to combat this childhood monster while enhancing existing control and treatment measures. We used data from articles published in various reputable databases.
Toxicological Evaluation of the Ethanolic Extract the Tropical Medicinal Plant Ximenia americana in Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: Bilal Abdelsalam Elmahi
Published: February 2025

The present work comprises a preliminary phytochemical analysis and toxicological evaluation of the ethanolic extract of the dry leaves of the tropical medicinal plant Ximenia americana in albino Wistar rats. The results of the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, sterols, triterpenes and alkaloids. The repeated oral administration of the ethanolic extract at dose rates of 100, 200 and 400 mg / kg body weight did not produce detectable clinical changes or significant gross or histopathological alterations in experimental rats when the extract was daily given for three weeks. There were no significant changes in hematological parameters including Hb concentration, PCV, RBCs count, MCH, MCHC and PLT count when the ethanolic extract was given at 100 and 200mg /kg body weight. However, a significant increase in RBCs count and other red blood indices was observed when the extract was given at 400 mg/kg body weight. In addition, the plasma biochemical parameters including total plasma protein, albumin, urea nitrogen, creatinine and the plasma enzyme activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase were not significantly affected in experimental rats receiving the ethanolic extract at 100, 200 and 400 mg /kg body weight. The mean body weight was significantly increased in experimental rats receiving 100 mg/kg body weight of the ethanolic extract for three weeks. However, a decrease in mean body weight was observed when the extract was given at 400 mg/kg. It is concluded that the tropical medicinal plant X.americana has an almost negligible adverse effect on rats and therefore could safely be used in folk medicine for treatment of various type of infectious and neoplastic diseases.
Trophoblast Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Authors: Haider Rehan
Published: February 2025

Trophoblast affliction encompasses a range of environments arising from the anomalous increase of trophoblastic cells, which are the reason for placental development before birth. This group of disorders contains gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN), which includes obtrusive mole, choriocarcinoma, placental spot trophoblastic lump (PSTT), and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT). These environments pose meaningful clinical challenges on account of their potential for breakneck progression and change.

Pathophysiologically, trophoblast diseases stem from abnormal trophoblastic proliferation and distinction. GTN frequently arises from an earlier hard bony structure in the jaws of vertebrate pregnancy, irregular fertilization, and placental growth. Diagnosis depends on a combination of dispassionate performance, imaging studies, and antitoxin indicators such as testing human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG). Histopathological tests remain important for authoritative diagnosis and subtyping.

Management of trophoblast ailments involves a multimodal approach containing a destructive agent, surgery, and periodic fallout therapy. Methotrexate-located menus are the mainstay of the situation for reduced-risk GTN, while high-risk or obstinate cases concede the possibility that they require more assertive destructive agent combinations. Surgical mediation is constrained for localized ailments or problems such as bleeds. Despite advances in healing, close surveillance is essential on account of the risk of recurrence and is often major.

In conclusion, trophoblast afflictions encompass an assorted group of environments with apparent pathophysiology and administration strategies. Early acknowledgment and prompt start of appropriate treatment are superior for optimizing consequences and minimizing melancholy in troubled individuals.
Profil Lingkungan dan Kesuburan Perairan di Danau Rawa Pening, Kabupaten Semarang, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Astuti Yuli , Ain Churun , Rahman Arif , Jati Oktavianto Eko , Prakoso Kukuh
Published: February 2025

Danau Rawa Pening merupakan danau yang berada di Kabupaten Semarang Jawa Tengah tepatnya di Kecematan Ambarawa, Bawen, Tuntang dan Banyubiru. Danau Rawa Pening dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat untuk memenuhi keperluan air irigasi, air baku untuk minum, PLTA, perikanan, obyek wisata. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui status kesuburan perairan serta hubungan nitrat dan fosfat dengan klorofil-a. Analisis kesuburan perairan menggunakan metode Trophic State Index dan Trophic Index. Analisis data menggunakan regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan status kesuburan perairan Danau Rawa Pening metode TSI termasuk eutrofik sedangkan menggunakan metode TRIX termasuk oligotrofik-mesotrofik. Hasil regresi antara nitrat dan ortofosfat dengan klorofil-a menunjukkan hubungan yang kuat dengan persamaan: Y=23,84+2,19NO3+5,77PO4.
Struktur Komunitas Gastropoda di Vegetasi Mangrove Desa Sungai Nibung, Kabupaten Tulang Bawang
Authors: Kusuma Anma Hari
Published: February 2025

Mangrove salah vegetasi yang hidup di sepanjang muara sungai dimana kondisi kesehatan ekosistem ini sangat mempengaruhi kelimpahan dan keragaman biota asosiasi, seperti makrozoobentos. Salah satu dari biota makrozoobentos tersebut adalah gastropoda. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan gastropoda di vegetasi mangrove Desa Sungai Nibung, Kabupaten Tulang Bawang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari bulan Juli-Agustus 2023 di Desa Sungai Nibung, Kabupaten Tulang Bawang, Lampung. Pengambilan data kerapatan mangrove dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali ulangan pada tiap stasiun ukuran 10 x 10 m2 sedangkan kelimpahan gastropoda 1 x 1 m2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gastropoda ditemukan sebanyak 560 individu yang terdiri dari 11 spesies, dan 7 famili dengan pola distribusi seragam, acak dan berkelompok dengan vegetasi mangrove cukup rapat. Ukuran butir sedimen yang berupa pasir kasar serta kondisi fisika-kimia perairan masih dalam kisaran baku mutu untuk biota laut sangat mendukung untuk kehidupan gastropoda.
Pemetaan Zona Potensial Penangkapan Ikan Tongkol Berdasarkan Suhu Permukaan Laut dan Klorofil-a Menggunakan Ocean Color di Selat Lombok
Authors: Furkan Al , Soraya Indah , Handayani Creani , Rizal Lalu Samsul , Satriawan Heri , Basuptura Oman Bagas
Published: February 2025

Perairan Lombok merupakan salah satu wilayah yang memiliki potensi sumber daya ikan yang tinggi di Indonesia. Keberadaan Arus Lintas Indonesia (ARLINDO) yang melintasi perairan tersebut membawa nutrien yang kaya dan beragam, menjadikannya habitat yang subur bagi kehidupan laut termasuk ikan tongkol (Euthynnus affinis). Ikan tongkol merupakan salah satu spesies ikan yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi dan menjadi target utama bagi nelayan lokal di perairan Lombok. Faktor-faktor lingkungan seperti suhu permukaan laut dan konsentrasi klorofil-a memainkan peranan penting dalam menentukan distribusi dan kelimpahan ikan di suatu daerah. Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan adalah mengetahui zona potensial penangkapan ikan tongkol yang berada di perairan Lombok dan efisiensi nelayan dalam melakukan operasi penangkapan ikan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu pengolahan data citra meliputi suhu permukaan laut dan klorofil-a menggunakan Citra Satelit kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis regresi liniear berganda. Berdasarkan perhitungan dengan analisa regresi linear pengaruh hasil tangkapan ikan tongkol terhadap kandungan klorofil-a diperoleh nilai koefisien korelasi (r) sebesar 0,227 dan nilai (R2) sebesar 0,018 yang berarti bahwa hubungan antara klorofil-a dan hasil tangkapan di perairan Ampenan termasuk dalam katagori rendah dan tidak signifikan dengan nilai yg diperoleh sebesar 0,219. Sedangkan pada hasil uji regresi Suhu Permukaan Laut (SPL) diperoleh nilai koefisien determinasi (R) sebesar 0,193 artinya persentase sumbangan pengaruh variabel Suhu Permukaan Laut (SPL) hasil tangkapan termasuk dalam katagori rendah tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan dengan nilai 0,297. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak dimasukkan dalam penelitian, antara lain faktor lingkungan, cuaca, keadaan sumberdaya dan musim penangkapan.
Struktur Komunitas Bivalvia pada Ekosistem Padang Lamun Desa Teluk Bakau Kecamatan Gunung Kijang
Authors: Yandri Falmi , Ramdani Mohd , Kurniawati Esty , Anggraini Rika
Published: February 2025

Ekosistem padang lamun merupakan salah satu ekosistem tempat pemijahan biota dan berfungsi sebagai tempat perlindungan, mencari makan, dan habitat. Bivalvia adalah salah satu biota yang hidup di ekosistem padang lamun. Karena nilainya yang tinggi, banyak masyarakat memanfaatkannya sebagai makanan. Selain itu, bivalvia biasanya hidup di substrat, sehingga sering digunakan sebagai bioindikator untuk menentukan kualitas air laut. Mengingat betapa pentingnya ekosistem padang lamun dan bivalvia, pengamatan tentang struktur komunitas bivalvia dilakukan di ekosistem padang lamun Desa Teluk Bakau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis dan struktur komunitas bivalvia di Desa Teluk Bakau. Pengamatan dilakukan dari bulan Oktober hingga Desember 2022 di pesisir Desa Teluk Bakau. Metode purposive sampling digunakan untuk menentukan titik stasiun berdasarkan keberadaan ekosistem padang lamun dan bivalvia. Untuk mengumpulkan sampel bivalvia, plot berukuran 1 x 1 m2 digunakan, dan panjang transek adalah 100 m ke arah laut. Pengukuran parameter dilakukan secara in situ pada saat air laut surut dan pasang. Dengan menggunakan Microsoft Excel, data yang telah dikumpulkan dianalisis. Hasil analisis struktur komunitas disajikan dalam grafik dan tabel. Hasil perhitungan kemudian menunjukkan bahwa indeks keanekaragaman sebesar 1,195 termasuk dalam kategori sedang, indeks keseragaman sebesar 0,441, dan indeks dominansi sebesar 0,485 termasuk dalam kategori sedang. Hasil nilai indeks menunjukkan bahwa komunitas Bivalvia di Teluk Bakau tetap stabil. Selain itu, berdasarkan baku mutu air laut bagi biota, hasil pengukuran parameter perairan masih berada di bawah batas toleransi.
Análisis de tiempo, trastornos depresivos y dolor crónico en adultos con hipertensión arterial
Authors: Cortez Gutiérrez Hernán Oscar , Cortez Gutiérrez Milton Milciades , Medina Mandujano Juana Gladys , Miraval Contreras Rosario , Teodosio Ydrugo María Elena
Published: February 2025

Introducción: La investigación determina la probabilidad de supervivencia con relación al tiempo, considerando los trastornos crónicos y dolor según índice de masa corporal, perímetro abdominal, diabetes y género. Metodología: La muestra la conforman 90 adultos, con edad promedio de 66 años, con diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial. El estudio es correlacional, transversal y prospectivo. Los instrumentos fueron el cuestionario, la escala de EVA para evaluar la intensidad de dolor, para el estado de depresión se aplicó el test de Zung, instrumento con resultado de confiabilidad 0.72 que es la consistencia de las mediciones del instrumento en diferentes ocasiones aplicados a los mismos sujetos Resultados: La función de supervivencia considera un punto de corte de 7 para una probabilidad de vida del 50 %. El riesgo relativo depende del género y edad. Asimismo, para el dolor representan un riesgo. Conclusiones: Se ha determinado que no existe relación significativa entre el tiempo de supervivencia y los factores clínicos y sociodemográficos en una pequeña muestra de entrenamiento preliminar usando la Regresión de Cox del SPSS.
Pedagogical conditions of effective patriotic education of cadets in the educational and cultural environment of a military higher education institution
Authors: Pinaieva Olha , Khrushchak Oleksandr
Published: February 2025

The article explores the theoretical and practical aspects of creating pedagogical conditions for effective patriotic education of cadets in the educational and cultural environment of a military institution of higher education. Modern scientific approaches to understanding the essence of patriotic education in military education and the features of its implementation in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war are analyzed. A system of pedagogical conditions that ensure the effectiveness of patriotic education of future officers is defined and substantiated: integration of the national-patriotic component into the content of military-professional training; creation of a holistic patriotic educational space; introduction of practice-oriented forms of patriotic education; ensuring systematic interaction with military units and public organizations; use of innovative technologies of patriotic education; activation of scientific and research activities of cadets on military-patriotic issues. The mechanisms for implementing each of the identified conditions and their impact on the formation of patriotic consciousness of future officers are revealed.
Biocontrol of Parthenium Hysterophorus using Zygogramma Bicolorata: Implications for Maize Grain Yield
Authors: Mwijarubi Joyce Christopher , Liberath Msaki Gerubin
Published: February 2025

Biological control is a cost-effective and sustainable method many countries useto control invasive alien plant species.This study was conducted to establish the effectiveness of Z. bicoloratain controlling the noxious weed cropParthenium hysterophorusand the associated benefits in enhancing maize yield performanceunder screen house conditions. The R-studio software was used to analyzedata on plant height at flowering, number of leaves, leaf length, plant height at maturity, number of plantsharvested, ear length, ear diameter, number of kernelsper ear, number of kernelsper row, plant biomass and grain yield.Maize yields were considerably higher (1800 g) in plots without parthenium than those with parthenium and no beetles (322 g). In plots with parthenium and the biocontrol agent maize yields were 1617 g, evidence that the agent effectively reducesthe competitive ability of parthenium weed under these conditions. In addition, maize plants in plots with no parthenium weed and those with parthenium weed and Z. bicolorata were significantly taller, had longer leaves, had more kernel rows and kernels per ear and had higher plant biomass compared to those maize plants growing together with parthenium in the absence of the biocontrol agent. Furthermore,the study found that defoliation of parthenium weed by Z. bicolorata contributed to a significant decrease in plant height, root length, number of flowers per plant and plant biomass of this invasive plant.Zygogrammabicolorata can significantly suppress the growth of parthenium weed in maize cultivation plots and thus enhance the growth and yield of maize.
Нове свідчення професора Миколи Лазаровича про нинішню російсько-українську війну
Authors: Макар Юрій , Мельничук Любов , Павлюк Михайло
Published: February 2025

Рецензія на книгу: Лазарович М. В. Душу й тіло ми положим за нашу свободу»: Україна в боротьбі проти збройної аґресії Російської Федерації (2014–2018 роки)
ОЦІНКА ГЛОБАЛЬНИХ РИЗИКІВ З ПОЗИЦІЙ УПРАВЛІННЯ БЕЗПЕКОЮ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: ЧМУТОВА Ірина , ГАЙНАЛІЙ Анастасія
Published: February 2025

This study aims to evaluate the global risks affecting Ukrainian enterprises, focusing on their probability of occurrence and the potential strength of their impact, particularly from the perspective of security management. The main objective is to identify the most pressing threats to business activities in Ukraine and develop effective strategies to mitigate these risks. Drawing upon the reports of the World Economic Forum (2018-2024), the research investigates several key global risks, including economic, environmental, technological, and social threats, that have reshaped enterprise security priorities in the country. Notably, the study emphasizes the growing concerns regarding climate change, cyber threats, pandemics, and geopolitical instability.
The paper also includes the results of a survey conducted among 49 Ukrainian enterprises, which assessed the likelihood and impact of various global risks such as economic recession, inflation, forced migration, cybersecurity breaches, and interstate conflicts. The risks were evaluated using a five-point Likert scale, which facilitated an understanding of their relative significance. The findings indicate that the most likely and influential risks for Ukrainian enterprises are those related to economic crises, inflation, forced migration, and cyber threats.
Based on these findings, the study recommends strengthening cybersecurity frameworks, adapting supply chain management strategies, and accounting for environmental and financial variables in risk management approaches. A risk management matrix derived from the survey data provides a practical tool for enterprises to prioritize resource allocation and focus on key security measures. Furthermore, the research underscores the importance of assessing various components of enterprise security, such as intellectual, personnel, political, legal, innovative, environmental, and financial security. This holistic approach ensures that enterprises are better equipped to manage strategic risks and maintain operational resilience amidst the ongoing global challenges. By adopting these strategies, Ukrainian enterprises can enhance their ability to navigate uncertain and rapidly changing risk landscapes.
Applied aspects of using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy spectra for monitoring electrode damage and electrolyte depletion in primary zinc-manganese batteries
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Riabokin О.L. , Pershina К.D. ,   V.I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,   National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute"
Published: February 2025

The article presents experimental and computational data on monitoring electrode surface condition and electrolyte depletion in primary Zn-Mn batteries using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with backscattered electrons. These methods reveal the impact of different current load levels on changes in electrode surfaces and their chemical composition. Through comparative analysis of data from standard tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy spectra using mathematical tools for alternating current analysis, the feasibility of accurately assessing the operational state of primary batteries is demonstrated. The results obtained can be applied to studies of irreversible changes in chemical power sources and to the development of the theory of porous electrodes.
Synthesis and intramolecular cyclization of propargyl ethers derived from 1-bromo(iodo)-3-organyloxy-2-propanol
Authors:   Azerbaijan Technical University, Talybov G.М.
Published: February 2025

The interaction of bromine (iodine)-releasing reagents, such as N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) or a mixture of iodine and clinoptilolite ((NaK)4CaAl6Si30O72), with an equimolar mixture of 3-organyloxy-1-propene and propynol results in the formation of propargyl ethers of 1-bromo(iodo)-3-organyloxy-2-propanol. The outcome of the catalytic hydration reaction of these ethers depends on the halogen atom present. Bromo derivatives are converted into the expected keto-bromo ethers, whereas iodo derivatives undergo simultaneous hydrolysis of the C–I bond and intermolecular ketalization, forming hydroxy derivatives of 1,4-dioxane. The hydration products of propargyl ethers derived from 1-bromo-3-organyloxy-2-propanol serve as key compounds for the synthesis of 2,2,5-trisubstituted 1,4-dioxanes through intermediate hydroxy diethers formed via reactions with organomagnesium reagents. The reactions and purity of the synthesized compounds were monitored using thin-layer chromatography. The yields of allyl ethers were higher than those of propargyl ethers. Some physicochemical properties of the synthesized compounds were measured, their composition and structure were confirmed by elemental analysis, and their identities were verified using IR and NMR spectroscopy.
Oxidation of methylbenzenes by ozone in the liquid phase in the presence of a manganese(II) bromide catalyst
Authors:   Lugansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Potapenko E.V. , Isayenko I.P. ,   Lugansk Taras Shevchenko National University
Published: February 2025

In this study, the selective oxidation of methylbenzenes by ozone in the liquid phase was investigated. It was established that the ozonation of methylbenzenes in acetic acid in the presence of Mn(II) acetate and NaBr is ineffective, as the reaction predominantly leads to the destruction of the aromatic system. The use of the "CH3COOH–H2SO4" system is shown to direct the process towards the oxidation of the methyl group, significantly increasing the rate and selectivity of the process. A notable feature of manganese(II) bromide catalysis is the absence of substantial amounts of aromatic alcohols among the oxidation products of methylbenzenes. The process proceeds through the formation of aldehydes as intermediate reaction products. The main stages of the catalytic cycle were examined, and the kinetic parameters of the interaction between O3 and the manganese(II) bromide catalyst, as well as between Mn3+ and methylarenes in the presence of sodium bromide, were established. A catalytic mechanism is proposed, wherein ozone reacts with the Mn(II)Br– complex, and selective oxidation occurs through the interaction of the substrate with Mn2+Br•. The maximum oxidation selectivity is achieved at a catalyst component ratio of [Br–]/[Mn2+]=1.1.
Production of fiberglass plastics using infrared heating
Authors:   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Manko T. , Husarova I. ,   SDO "YUZHNOYE", Kozis K. ,   SDO "YUZHNOYE", Sukha I. ,   Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies, Zaichuk O. ,   Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies, Sukhyy K. ,   Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies
Published: February 2025

This study analyzes the technology for creating polymer composite materials reinforced with glass fiber. Particular attention is given to their applications in the aerospace industry, where stringent requirements for strength, corrosion resistance, and specific strength render these materials indispensable. The main components of composite materials and their properties are examined. Phenol-formaldehyde resins, widely utilized as a matrix for fiberglass plastics in rocket and space engineering, are studied in detail. The thermomechanical resistance of composites, a critical factor determining their performance under extreme conditions, is highlighted. A significant part of the study focuses on the production and curing processes of composite materials. Various curing methods are analyzed, with a focus on the effectiveness of infrared radiation. The findings establish that infrared heating significantly enhances the physical and mechanical properties of composites while reducing production time.
Protective Effects of Ghrelin Following Experimentally Induced Ischemia-reperfusion in the Rat Ovary
Authors:   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran., Nazari Mahyar , Kheradmand Arash ,   Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran., Alirezaei Masoud ,   Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran., Raisi Abbas ,   Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
Published: February 2025

Background: Ovarian torsion, a critical gynecological emergency, leads to blockage of the ovarian artery and vein, ultimately causing ischemia in the ovary.
Objectives: This study aims to investigate the potential antioxidative effects of ghrelin in the context of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in the rat ovary.
Methods: Twenty-one female adult Wistar rats (250-300 g) were divided into three groups: Sham-operated group (n=7); ischemia-saline group, 100 µL saline was administered intraperitoneally 30 min prior to a 2-h of ischemia and simultaneously with the beginning of 2-h reperfusion (n=7); ischemia-ghrelin group, 10 nmol ghrelin was administered intraperitoneally 30 min prior to the 2-h of ischemia and simultaneously with the beginning of 2-h reperfusion (n=7). The right ovaries were excised in each group and underwent biochemical analysis. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and catalase (CAT) were assessed as biochemical parameters.
Results: There were no significant differences among groups in SOD and GPx levels (P>0.05). MDA level was higher in the ischemia-saline group compared to the sham group. However, it was significantly lower in the ischemia-ghrelin group compared to the ischemia-saline group (P≤0.05). CAT and TAC levels were significantly lower in the saline group compared to the sham-operated group and increased significantly in the ghrelin-treated group compared to the saline group (P≤0.05).
Conclusion: Overall, ghrelin with a dosage of 10 nmol preserved rat ovaries from damage caused by IR.
Physiological and Histological Effects of Some Nutritional Supplements and Doping in Male Rats
Authors:   Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq., Sultan Omar N , Al-Kattan Muntaha Mahmoud ,   Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.
Published: February 2025

Background: Nutritional supplements (NSs) are nutritional components, not foods such as protein, that are commercially available and consumed in addition to the diet.
Objectives: We aim to investigate the impact of NSs and testosterone hormone used in sports training centers on male reproductive hormones like spermatogenesis-stimulating hormone (SSH), interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH), testosterone hormone, and cortisol, as well as assessing histological changes in the testis of exercising male rats.
Methods: The study involved 80 rats divided into 8 groups. The first group was the control, while the second group was subjected to exercise. The third group received NS, the fourth group was injected with a testosterone blend, and the fifth group received NS and a testosterone blend. The sixth group was given NS with exercising, the seventh group was injected with a testosterone blend with exercising, and the eighth group was given NS and a testosterone blend with exercise.
Results: There was a significant increase in SSH, ICSH, cortisol, and testosterone hormone concentration in the group treated with NS and injected with testosterone blend compared to the rest of the groups. The results of histological examinations showed abnormal seminiferous tubules with an increase in diameter and thickness of the spermatogenic cell layer. Also, the seminiferous tubules were broadly separated from each other, and cell necrosis for rats treated with NS and testosterone blend compared to the rest of the groups revealed normal shape and arrangement of testicular cells. Exercise has positively reversed the negative effects of dietary supplementation and testosterone on male sex hormone levels and cortisol, in addition to reducing the negative effects on testicular tissue of male rats.
Conclusion: Treatment with NS and testosterone blend had adverse effects on the concentration of some hormones. There were also some histological changes in the testis.