bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring population genetics for mutant mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] lines: Insights from augmented block design
Authors: Rahevar P. M. , Chauhan R. M. , Patel P. T. , Patel M. P. , Bhadauria H. S. , Solanki S. D. , Viradiya Y. A.
Published: July 2024

The current study was initiated to assess mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] mutant lines for yield and their attributes in the mutation generation third (M3) generation using an augmented block design. Note that 1200 mutated mungbean lines were selected from the γ‐irradiated (400–700 Gy) population and distributed into 21 blocks, along with three popular varieties (checks) replicated in each block. To evaluate mean performance, variance, and population genetics, the observations on days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length (cm), protein percentage, seed index, and seed yield (g) were measured and analyzed. All the lines under consideration showed highly significant variations for all the variables, except for days to flowering. Seventy‐nine mutant lines were found to have significantly better yield attributes than checks and are currently being evaluated under station trial. Skewness and kurtosis analysis unveiled the presence of gene interactions, offering opportunities for targeted improvement and efficacy of γ rays as a mutagen, facilitating the release of variability within the population. Future mungbean breeding programs will benefit from the successful isolation of mutant plants with yield‐enhancing traits, such as up to 20 clusters per plant, 71 pods per plant, 8.55 cm pod length, 26.69% protein content (5% higher than parent), and 29 gram seeds per plant. In early selection cycles without the need for replicated trials, this study demonstrated the effectiveness of the mutagen and augmented design in creating novel variations, evaluating and identifying superior genotypes with improved yield potential.
Environment driven changes in type 2 diabetes, overweight and obesity in an isolated Mixe community in the Valley of Oaxaca, southern Mexico
Authors: Little Bert , Escobedo Jorge , Pena Reyes Maria Eugenia , Shakib Shaminul Hoque , O'Brien Liz , Kerber Rich , Velasco Xochitl , Lopez Miguel Cruz , Tillquist Christopher
Published: July 2024

Background

This study focused on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a group of adult Mixe, an Indigenous population from Oaxaca, Mexico. Mixe comprised an estimated 9.4% (n ≅ 90 000) of the Indigenous population in Oaxaca. Mexico.

Objective

This study focused on a group of adult Mixe, an Indigenous population from Oaxaca, Mexico. To compare the prevalence of T2DM, overweight (OW), obesity (OB), and hypertension (HTN) between 2007 and 2017 for a small, isolated Mixe community in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico. We test whether or not environmental changes have affected T2DM prevalence.

Methods and Materials

Demographic and medical record data were collected in the community in 2007 and 2017 from the medical clinic and the mayor's office. T2DM was medically diagnosed among adults (>34 years old), in 2007 (n = 730) and in 2017 (n = 829).

Results

T2DM crude prevalence increased from 6.7% to 12.1% (p < .001) from 2007 to 2017. The mean age of the sample analyzed was 60.6 (SD = 9.7). Age‐adjusted T2DM prevalence increased from 6.7% to 10.8% (p < .002). T2DM was 5.7%–5.5% among males (p < .53) and 7.1%–13.6% among females (p < .001). Sex‐specific OW and OB simulation studies indicate females had 7% less OW in 2007, and males were unchanged compared with 2017. OB among males and females was significantly higher in 2017 compared with 2007 (increased by 15.2% and 8.3%, males and females, respectively). Sexes combined OW + OB increased 12.7% among males but was unchanged in females (−0.5%). In the sexes combined analysis, OW prevalence increased 12.7% to 27.1% (p < .001) and OB prevalence increased 10.7%–27.9% (p < .001) from 2007 to 2017. HTN did not change significantly from 2007 to 2017 (15.4% and 14.6%, respectively) (p = .63) in adults. Among T2DM individuals, the frequency of HTN was not significantly different in 2007 and 2017 (57.1% and 37%, respectively) (p = .65). Transition to a Western diet consisting of high‐carbohydrate foods occurred at the same time as increased T2DM from 2007 to 2017, with a higher prevalence of T2DM noted among females in 2017.

Conclusions

An increased prevalence of T2DM, OW, and OB but not HTN was observed in the Mixe community from 2007 to 2017 and was associated with the adoption of a high‐carbohydrate Western diet.
There is no sinus without “us”: A randomized controlled study assessing the efficacy of shared decision‐making in the surgical management of chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Li Vivienne , Yousef Andrew , Prajapati Divya , Oca Michael , Gomez Leslie , DeConde Adam S. , Yan Carol H.
Published: July 2024

Key points

CRS patients exhibit little decision conflict in their choice of pursuing surgery.

Standard counseling alone appears to suffice once patients express an interest in surgery.

Decision aids may increase patient knowledge and improve postoperative care understanding.
Gender‐based linguistic differences in letters of recommendation for rhinology fellowship over time: A dual‐institutional follow‐up study using natural language processing and deep learning
Authors: Vasan Vikram , Cheng Christopher P. , Edalati Shaun , Mandloi Shreya , Lerner David K. , Del Signore Anthony , Schaberg Madeleine , Govindaraj Satish , Rabinowitz Mindy , Nyquist Gurston , Iloreta Alfred Marc
Published: July 2024

Key points

This follow‐up dual‐institutional and longitudinal study further evaluated for underlying gender biases in LORs for rhinology fellowship.

Explicit and implicit linguistic gender bias was found, heavily favoring male applicants
Targeting Mitochondrial Guanine Quadruplexes for Photoactivatable Chemotherapy in Hypoxic Environments
Authors: Holden Lorcan , Curley Rhianne C. , Avella Giuseppe , Long Conor , Keyes Tia E.
Published: July 2024

A first example of a mitochondrial G‐quadruplex (mitoG4s) targeted Ru(II) photooxidant complex is reported. The complex, Ru‐TAP‐PDC3 induces photodamage toward guanine quadruplexes (G4s) located in the mitochondrial genome under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. Ru‐TAP‐PDC3 shows high affinity for mitoG4s and localises within mitochondria of live HeLa cells. Immunolabelling with anti‐G4 antibody, BG4, confirms Ru‐TAP‐PDC3 associates with G4s within the mitochondria of fixed cells. The complex induces depletion of mtDNA in live cells under irradiation at 405 nm, confirmed by loss of PicoGreen signal from mitochondria. Biochemical studies confirm this process induces apoptosis. The complex shows low dark toxicity and an impressive phototoxicity index (PI) of >89 was determined in Hela under very low intensity irradiation, 5 J/cm2. The phototoxicity is thought to operate through both Type II singlet oxygen and Type III pathways depending on normoxic or hypoxic conditions, from live cell assays and plasmid DNA cleavage. Overall, we demonstrate targeting mitoG4s and mtDNA with a photooxidant is a potent route to achieving apoptosis under hypoxic conditions that can be extended to phototherapy.
A Four‐Coordinate Pr4+ Imidophosphorane Complex
Authors: Boggiano Andrew C. , Chowdhury Sabyasachi Roy , Roy Michael D. , Bernbeck Maximilian G. , Greer Samuel M. , Vlaisavljevich Bess , La Pierre Henry S.
Published: July 2024

The imidophosphorane ligand, [NPtBu3]− (tBu=tert‐butyl), enables isolation of a pseudo‐tetrahedral, tetravalent praseodymium complex, [Pr4+(NPtBu3)4] (1‐Pr), which is characterized by a suite of physical characterization methods including single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, electron paramagnetic resonance, and L3‐edge X‐ray near‐edge spectroscopies. Variable‐temperature direct‐current magnetic susceptibility data, supported by multiconfigurational quantum chemical calculations, demonstrate that the electronic structure diverges from the isoelectronic Ce3+ analogue, driven by increased crystal field. The four‐coordinate environment around Pr4+ in 1‐Pr, which is unparalleled in reported extended solid systems, provides a unique opportunity to study the interplay between crystal field splitting and spin‐orbit coupling in a molecular tetravalent lanthanide within a pseudo‐tetrahedral coordination geometry.
Unbiased Photoelectrochemical H2O2 Coupled to H2 Production via Dual Sb2S3‐Based Photoelectrodes with Ultralow Onset Potential
Authors: Wang Lei , Guo Fei , Ren Shijie , Gao Rui‐Ting , Wu Limin
Published: July 2024

The productions of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydrogen (H2) in a photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting cell suffer from an onset potential that limits solar conversion efficiencies. Moreover, the formation of H2O2 through two‐electron PEC water oxidation reaction competes with four‐electron oxidation evolution reaction. Herein, we developed the surface selenium doped antimony trisulfide photoelectrode with the integrated ruthenium cocatalyst (Ru/Sb2(S,Se)3) to achieve the low onset potential and high Faraday efficiency (FE) for selective H2O2 production. The photoanode exhibits an outstanding average FE of 85 % in the potential range of 0.4–1.6 VRHE and the H2O2 yield of 1.01 μmol cm−2 min−1 at 1.6 VRHE, especially at low potentials of 0.1–0.55 VRHE with 80.4 % FE. Impressively, an unassisted PEC system that employs light and electrolyte was constructed to simultaneously produce H2O2 and H2 production on both the Ru/Sb2(S,Se)3 photoanode and the Pt/TiO2/Sb2S3 photocathode. The integrated system enables the average PEC H2O2 production rate of 0.637 μmol cm−2 min−1 without applying any addition bias. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that Sb2S3‐based photoelectrodes exhibit H2O2/H2 two‐side production with a strict key factor of the system, which represents its powerful platform to achieve high efficiency and productivity and the feasibility to facilitate value‐added products in neutral conditions.
Dicationic ionic liquid‐grafted UiO‐66 as efficient catalyst for CO2 conversion into cyclocarbonate under cocatalyst‐free and solventless conditions
Authors: Li Fangfang , Hou Xiaofang , Zhou Ying‐Hua
Published: July 2024

CO2 chemical fixation offers a feasible approach for carbon mitigation and high‐value utilization, but it is still challenging to develop an efficient catalyst for CO2 conversion into cyclic carbonate. Herein, the triethylenediamine‐derived dicationic ionic liquids (DIL‐X, X = Cl, Br, and I) were grafted into UiO‐66 linkers through self‐assembly of Zr4+ ions and the mixed ligands of terephthalic acid and DIL‐bearing dicarboxylic acid, resulting in UiO‐66‐DIL‐Xn, (n designated as molar amount of the feeding DIL‐X). Their catalytic performance was evaluated by the epoxide cycloaddition reaction in the absence of solvent and cocatalyst. Among them, the UiO‐66‐DIL‐Cl0.4 catalyst exhibited outstanding performance, with a chloropropene carbonate yield of 92% and a high selectivity of 99% under 0.1 MPa CO2 at 110 °C for 16 h. Its high activity could be ascribed to the cooperativity among Lewis acidity of MOF nodes, the enhanced CO2 absorption, and the strong nucleophilicity offered by halogen ions of ionic liquid‐modified MOF. Moreover, UiO‐66‐DIL‐Cl0.4 presented excellent recyclability and substrate extension. A potential catalytic mechanism for the epoxide‐CO2 cycloaddition into cyclic carbonate has been proposed. This work will shed light on the rational design of functionalized MOFs‐based catalysts for CO₂ utilization.
Library resources constraints, frustration, and user behavior: An empirical library operations study
Authors: Aryee Raphael , Apronti Tetteh Evelyn Ogboo
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The lack of requisite library resources has an enormous effect on academic life in most universities. While previous studies have suggested that the lack of resources such as textbooks affects academic success, this study seeks to provide empirical evidence on the chain effect of the lack of recommended textbooks in universities.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses a quantitative dataset from 636 students from five public universities in Ghana collected using well‐structured questionnaires. The study adopts exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM) to analyze the measurement and structural models.

Findings

The study concludes that limited library resources (such as recommended textbooks) frustrate library users and eventually birth antisocial behaviors such as stealing, hiding, and eroding books (or pages).

Originality/value

This study highlights the significance of providing adequate library resources. It also guides library managers, policymakers, and scholars to manage library resources effectively.
Mitigating excessive financialization or promoting innovation? Productivity effects of China's carbon emission trading scheme
Authors: Qu Fang , She Wensen , Li Ding , Zheng Biao , Albitar Khaldoon
Published: July 2024

The success of the carbon emissions trading scheme (ETS) in fostering a mutually beneficial outcome for both the economy and the environment depends on its ability to enhance total factor productivity (TFP). We investigate the diverse implementation of this market‐based environmental policy across Chinese provinces using a staggered Difference‐in‐Differences model. Our study delves into the mechanisms of the ETS, particularly focusing on financialization and innovation, utilizing listed companies in Chinese stock markets as our research sample spanning from 2009 to 2022. Our analysis shows several key findings: (1) ETS facilitates the growth of TFP in micro‐firms, positively influencing other listed companies within the same sector and city. However, its impact on TFP is notably weaker in regions with robust environmental information disclosure and stringent environmental regulations. (2) The ETS helps alleviate resource misallocation stemming from excessive financialization of firms, prompting them to reallocate investments from financing activities to production and operation activities, thus enhancing TFP. (3) Contrary to expectations, the ETS does not directly influence TFP through enhancing firm innovation ability; instead, it encourages directed technical innovation toward green technology over digital technology. This study highlights the effectiveness of the ETS in promoting firm development and sheds light on resource management practices within firms.
Prepare to comply with latest Title IX regulations
Authors: Bowers Blaze
Published: July 2024

The Aug. 1, 2024 implementation date for the revised Title IX regulations is right around the corner. Since the rule's April 19 release, we’ve seen experts, media outlets, and others providing resources that are helpful, voluminous, or even confusing.
Mechanochemically Synthesized RuO2‐Doped LaMnO3 Perovskites as Bifunctional Cathodes for Rechargeable Zn/Air Batteries
Authors: Jejen Katherine , Santos Florencio , López Cascales J. J. , Fernández Romero Antonio J. , Palazon Francisco
Published: July 2024

Herein, we have developed LaMnO3 (LMO) perovskite‐based electrocatalysts of oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions (ORR and OER) in a basic aqueous solution. Mechanochemical grinding and thermal annealing leads to highly‐pure perovskites as shown by X‐ray diffraction. This methodology also allows doping the LMO perovskite with RuO2, thus improving its catalytic activity, especially the oxygen evolution reaction. ORR have been analyzed by rotating ring‐disk electrode (RRDE). Eventually, these catalysts are employed in Zn/air batteries resulting in specific capacity values of 12.76 Ahg−1 at 1 Ag−1, when LMO‐RuO2 (LMO−Ru) was used as catalyst in the positive electrodes. Besides, high operational stability of Zn/air batteries for over 100 cycles was obtained, saving 1.46 mWh per cycle when LMO−Ru was used with respect to pure LMO.
Sustainable Production of Dialkoxymethane Ethers and Related Acetals Using CO2, H2 and Alcohols or Diols
Authors: Adam Rosa , Cabrero‐Antonino Jose R.
Published: July 2024

Dialkoxymethane (DAM) ethers, so‐called oxymethylene ethers (OMEs), are compounds constituted by a CH2‐unit bound to two identical alkoxy substituents. These compounds have showcased interesting technological applications as fuel additives or fuels, as a consequence of their interesting properties such as their low vapor pressure, high viscosity, cetane number and oxygen content. Moreover, they are also employed as environmentally‐benign solvents and bulk compounds useful in fine‐chemical industry. In addition, DAM ethers are considered formaldehyde surrogates. Industrially, dimethoxymethane (DMM) is still produced via two‐step protocol involving toxic formaldehyde that consists of a first step of methanol oxidation (Formox process). Hence, the development of more sustainable protocols for their synthesis is highly desired. Among the different strategies reported for DAM synthesis, its production from CO2/H2 and alcohols constitutes a practical, green and attractive alternative route. In this concept, a careful discussion of the developed catalytic protocols for synthesizing DAM from CO2/H2 or formic acid/H2 and alcohols/diols will be summarized. A special emphasis will be performed on the reaction mechanisms involved and the catalyst nature design and characterization.
How Can the Diterpene Synthase CotB2V80L Alter the Product Profile?
Authors: Himpich Stephanie , Ringel Marion , Schwartz Renana , Dimos Nicole , Driller Ronja , Helmer Carl P. O. , Kumar Gupta Prashant , Haack Martina , Thomas Major Dan , Brück Thomas , Loll Bernhard
Published: July 2024

Structural diversity of diterpenes is mediated by the enigmatic family of diterpene synthases. The overall enzymatic contribution hereby lies in a carefully concerted chemistry of highly reactive carbocation intermediates mainly guided by aromatic and polar amino acid side chains and the pyrophosphate cofactor. To date several studies aimed to shed light on the mechanism underlining terpene synthases chemistry. Specifically, the diterpene synthase CotB2 serves as model enzyme for detailed mutagenesis studies. Here we investigate the catalytic mechanism of CotB2 variant V80L in a holistic, biochemical, structural, and computational biology approach. We were able to identify an altered product profile compared to CotB2WT for the substrates geranylgeranyl diphosphate and farnesyl diphosphate. Moreover, we solved the crystal structure, and shed further light on terpene synthase chemistry by modelling of the substrate and intermediate binding.
Nonpyrolytic Fe−N−C/Fe2O3 Heterostructure with RuO2‐Like OER Activity Synthesized via Polyacrylonitrile‐Derived Conjugated Pyridinic‐Nitrogen‐Carbon Sheet
Authors: Appiah‐Ntiamoah Richard , Kim Hern
Published: July 2024

Pyrolytic single Fe atom‐nitrogen‐carbon materials (Fe−N−C) and their derivatives are excellent catalysts for electrochemical oxygen reduction reactions. However, they exhibit poor oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity due to non‐optimal Fe−O* bonding. This limitation is overcome via electronic structure modulation (i. e., tuning the heteroatom type, concentration, and location within Fe's n≥1 coordination sphere). However, the methods used are complex and energy‐intensive (i. e., 1000 to 1200 °C) raising concerns about reproducibility and cost. This study introduces a method for synthesizing nonpyrolytic Fe−N−C/Fe2O3 composites with similar electronic structure modulation as pyrolytic Fe−N−C and OER activity akin to commercial RuO2. The methodology involves doping low‐melting hydrated Fe‐salts in electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofiber to catalyze its transformation into conjugated pyridinic‐N‐rich graphite‐like sheets (i. e., N−C) at 300 °C. N−C chelate effectively with oxygen‐vacant (Ov)‐rich Fe atoms derived from Fe2O3 NPs resulting in Fe−N−C/Fe2O3 heterostructures. The Fe2O3 coupling effectively tunes Fe−N−C's electronic structure via Ov modulation. Consequently, the Fermi and d‐orbital energy levels are optimized leading to partial filling of the antibonding states, optimal Fe−O* bonding, high electrochemically active surface area, and OER activity. Because Fe−N−C /Fe2O3 is synthesized at 300 °C using well‐established techniques, its complexity and cost are favorable compared to pyrolytic Fe−N−C materials.
Economic Optimization of Internal Thermally Coupled Air Separation Column Configurations
Authors: Hamid Hamedalneel Babiker Aboh , Liu Xinggao
Published: July 2024

An internal thermally coupled air separation column (ITCASC) process is an effective energy‐saving technology in the air separation process. However, a large economic investment is a crucial factor for the widespread use of this technology in practical applications. In this article, an alternative configuration design, namely, top‐integrated (T‐ITCASC), bottom‐integrated (B‐ITCASC), and top‐bottom‐integrated ITCASC (T‐B‐ITCASC) with a focus on energy savings and economic feasibility are studied. A rigorous optimization based on a nonlinear interior‐point algorithm was developed by integrating the dynamic model into the optimization formulation. In the context of ITCASC process design and optimization, numerical simulations demonstrated that T‐ITCASC, B‐ITCASC, and T‐B‐ITCASC configurations improved energy‐saving potential and reduced capital investment, compared to the F‐ITCASC and conventional air separation column (CASC) configurations. Among these optimized configurations, the T‐B‐ITCASC configuration is preferred.
Association of clonal hematopoiesis and mosaic chromosomal alterations with solid malignancy incidence and mortality
Authors: Desai Pinkal , Zhou Ying , Grenet Justin , Handelman Samuel K. , Crispino Cynthia M. , Tarbay Laura N. , Whitsel Eric A. , Roboz Gail , Barac Ana , Honigberg Michael , Bick Alexander , Anderson Garnet , Wactawski‐Wende Jean , Jakubek Swartzlander Yasminka A. , Bacon Jason , Wong Justin , Ma Xiaolong , Scheet Paul , Li Zichan , Kasi Pashtoon , Prentice Ross , Auer Paul , Manson JoAnn E. , Reiner Alexander , Simon Michael
Published: July 2024

Background

Understanding the impact of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and mosaic chromosomal alterations (mCAs) on solid tumor risk and mortality can shed light on novel cancer pathways.

Methods

The authors analyzed whole genome sequencing data from the Trans‐Omics for Precision Medicine Women’s Health Initiative study (n = 10,866). They investigated the presence of CHIP and mCA and their association with the development and mortality of breast, lung, and colorectal cancers.

Results

CHIP was associated with higher risk of breast (hazard ratio [HR], 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–1.64; p = .02) but not colorectal (p = .77) or lung cancer (p = .32). CHIP carriers who developed colorectal cancer also had a greater risk for advanced‐stage (p = .01), but this was not seen in breast or lung cancer. CHIP was associated with increased colorectal cancer mortality both with (HR, 3.99; 95% CI, 2.41–6.62; p < .001) and without adjustment (HR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.32–4.72; p = .004) for advanced‐stage and a borderline higher breast cancer mortality (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 0.98–2.41; p = .06). Conversely, mCA (cell fraction [CF] >3%) did not correlate with cancer risk. With higher CFs (mCA >5%), autosomal mCA was associated with increased breast cancer risk (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.06–1.83; p = .01). There was no association of mCA (>3%) with breast, colorectal, or lung mortality except higher colon cancer mortality (HR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.11–4.3; p = .02) with mCA >5%.

Conclusions

CHIP and mCA (CF >5%) were associated with higher breast cancer risk and colorectal cancer mortality individually. These data could inform on novel pathways that impact cancer risk and lead to better risk stratification.
Update in the management of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Sedlack Andrew J. H. , Varghese Diana Grace , Naimian Amirkia , Yazdian Anari Pouria , Bodei Lisa , Hallet Julie , Riechelmann Rachel P. , Halfdanarson Thor , Capdevilla Jaume , Del Rivero Jaydira
Published: July 2024

Neuroendocrine neoplasms are a diverse group of neoplasms that can occur in various areas throughout the body. Well‐differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) most often arise in the gastrointestinal tract, termed gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP‐NETs). Although GEP‐NETs are still uncommon, their incidence and prevalence have been steadily increasing over the past decades. The primary treatment for GEP‐NETs is surgery, which offers the best chance for a cure. However, because GEP‐NETs are often slow‐growing and do not cause symptoms until they have spread widely, curative surgery is not always an option. Significant advances have been made in systemic and locoregional treatment options in recent years, including peptide‐receptor radionuclide therapy with α and β emitters, somatostatin analogs, chemotherapy, and targeted molecular therapies.
Quantitative and Ultrasensitive Detection of Four Inflammatory Biomarkers by Gold Nanoparticle‐Based Paper Sensor
Authors: Ye Liya , Wu Aihong , Liu Liqiang , Kuang Hua , Xu Chuanlai , Xu Xinxin
Published: July 2024

Due to the complexity and diversity of infectious diseases, diagnosis based solely on symptoms and imaging manifestations is associated with a high rate of misdiagnosis, so it is particularly important to find reliable and accurate biomarkers. Four inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, IL‐6, PCT and SAA) have different manifestations and roles in different infectious diseases and stages of infection, and the diagnosis and identification of infectious diseases can be realized through quantitative analysis of these four biomarkers simultaneously. In this study, we developed a colloidal gold nanoparticle (AuNP)‐based multiplex LFA strip using eight highly‐sensitive monoclonal antibodies that simultaneously detected CRP, IL‐6, PCT and SAA in serum within 15 min. And quantitative analysis was achieved with a portable strip reader, the LODs were 2.5 μg/mL, 25.3 pg/mL 0.87 ng/mL and 8.8 μg/mL for CRP, IL‐6, PCT and SAA, while detection ranges were 2.5–200 μg/mL, 25.3–8000 pg/mL 0.87–100 ng/mL and 8.8–200 μg/mL. Moreover, the quantitative colloidal gold assay correlated well with the results of a chemiluminescence immunoassay when testing clinical serum samples. Our developed method was reliable and accurate according to the recovery test results. Therefore, the strip can be used as an alternative method for the simultaneous monitoring of CRP, IL‐6, PCT and SAA in serum samples.
Bioequivalence and Food Effect Assessment of Eltrombopag Olamine Tablets in Healthy Chinese Subjects: An Open, Randomized, Single‐Dose, and Two‐Period Crossover Study
Authors: Wang Jingyan , Zhao Zhicheng , Tao Ye , Lan Yi
Published: July 2024

Eltrombopag, a nonpeptide thrombopoietin receptor agonist, is primarily used for treating immune thrombocytopenic purpura. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic profile and food‐drug interaction of test and reference eltrombopag olamine tablets among healthy Chinese volunteers. An open, randomized, single‐dose, 2‐period crossover design was employed, involving fasting and fed conditions with a 10‐day washout period. Ninety‐six healthy volunteers received a single oral dose of 25 mg of the 2 eltrombopag formulations, with 48 participants in each group: fasting volunteers and those consuming a high‐fat, low‐calcium meal. Plasma eltrombopag concentrations were analyzed using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry, and pharmacokinetic parameters were derived from the concentration‐time profiles. The geometric mean ratios, with 90% confidence intervals, for the maximum plasma concentration, area under the concentration‐time curve from time 0 to the last measurable concentration, and area under the concentration‐time curve from time 0 to infinity fell within the bioequivalence acceptance criteria (80%‐125%) under both fasting and fed conditions, indicating bioequivalence between the test and reference formulations. Administration of eltrombopag with a high‐fat, low‐calcium diet reduced the net systemic exposure by approximately 40%. Adverse events were recorded, and no serious adverse events were observed in either fasting or fed conditions. In conclusion, eltrombopag is well tolerated and exhibits a favorable safety profile in the Chinese population. The achievement of bioequivalence under fasting and fed conditions supports the demonstration of biosimilarity between the test and reference formulations.
A 40.3–50.5 GHz locking range transformer‐based injection‐locked frequency divider utilizing a high third harmonic rejection buffer
Authors: Wang Xinsheng , Song Yanhong , Wang Xiyue
Published: July 2024

Injection‐locked dividers feature ultrahigh operating frequency, low power consumption, and low phase noise, making them suitable for Q‐band phase‐locked loop. This paper presents a transformer‐based divide‐by‐4 injection locking frequency divider with a high third harmonic rejection buffer based on 40‐nm CMOS technology. Employing a fourth‐order transformer resonator enhances the third‐order harmonic amplitude, increasing the injection efficiency and expanding the locking range. The proposed high third harmonic rejection buffer using a source degeneration inductor can effectively suppress the output of the third harmonic caused by the resonator, ultimately yielding a clean fundamental frequency signal. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed divide‐by‐4 injection‐locked frequency divider (ILFD) achieves a locking range of 10.2 GHz (from 40.3 to 50.5 GHz) with 0 dBm input signal. The core divide‐by‐4 ILFD circuit consumes 4.6 mW power with a 0.9 V supply and occupies an area of 0.026 mm2.
Transcriptome Analysis of Myocardial Ischemic‐Hypoxic Injury in Rats and Hypoxic H9C2 Cells
Authors: Niu Nan , Miao Huangtai , Ren Hongmei
Published: July 2024

Aims

This study aimed to address inconsistencies in results between the H9C2 myocardial hypoxia (MH) cell line and myocardial infarction (MI) rat models used in MI research. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and underlying molecular mechanisms using RNA sequencing technology.

Methods

RNA sequencing was used to analyse DEGs in MI rat tissues and H9C2 cells exposed to hypoxia for 24 h. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were used to identify key biological processes and pathways. Weighted correlation network analysis [weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA)] was used to construct gene co‐expression networks, and hub genes were compared with published MI datasets [Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO)] for target identification.

Results

GO analysis revealed enrichment of immune inflammation and mitochondrial respiration processes among 5139 DEGs in MI tissues and 2531 in H9C2 cells. KEGG analysis identified 537 overlapping genes associated with metabolism and oxidative stress pathways. Cross‐analyses using the published GSE35088 and GSE47495 datasets identified 40 and 16 overlapping genes, respectively, with nine genes overlapping across all datasets and our models. WGCNA identified a key module in the MI model enriched for mRNA processing and protein binding. GO analysis revealed enrichment of mRNA processing, protein binding and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly in MI and H9C2 MH models. Five relevant hub genes were identified via a cross‐analysis between the 92 hub genes that showed a common expression trend in both models.

Conclusions

This study reveals both shared and distinct transcriptomic responses in the MI and H9C2 models, highlighting the importance of model selection for studying myocardial ischaemia and hypoxia.
Mutagenicity evaluation of methyl tertiary‐ butyl ether in multiple tissues of transgenic rats following whole body inhalation exposure
Authors: Gollapudi B. Bhaskar , Rushton Erik K.
Published: July 2024

Methyl tertiary‐butyl ether (MTBE) is used as a component of motor vehicle fuel to enhance combustion efficiency and to reduce emissions of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. Although MTBE was largely negative in the in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity studies, isolated reports of positive findings along with the observation of tumors in the rat cancer bioassays raised concern for its in vivo mutagenic potential. To investigate this, transgenic male Big Blue Fischer 344 rats were exposed to 0 (negative control), 400, 1000, and 3000 ppm MTBE via whole body inhalation for 28 consecutive days, 6 h/day. Mutant frequencies (MF) at the cII locus of the transgene in the nasal epithelium (portal of entry tissue), liver (site of primary metabolism), bone marrow (rapidly proliferating tissue), and kidney (tumor target) were analyzed (5 rats/exposure group) following a 3‐day post‐exposure manifestation period. MTBE did not induce a mutagenic response in any of the tissues investigated. The adequacy of the experimental conditions to detect induced mutations was confirmed by utilizing tissue samples from animals treated with the known mutagen ethyl nitrosourea. These data provide support to the conclusion that MTBE is not an in vivo mutagen and male rat kidney tumors are not likely the result of a mutagenic mode of action.
Distribution characteristics of radiant heat flux on tank surfaces exposed to wildland fires
Authors: Wang Ziwei , Zhou Kuibin
Published: July 2024

The expansion of wildland‐urban interface tends to expose fuel tanks to wildland fires, the frequency and intensity of which have increased in recent years due to climate change and global warming. This study aims to examine the distribution of radiant heat flux on a tank surface exposed to a wildland fire front, with a particular focus on extreme wildland fires. A theoretical framework is proposed, which consists of a flame length correlation, a thermal radiation model, and a correlation of time to failure, to calculate the radiant heat flux received by the tank surface and the potential for tank failure. The horizontal and circumferential distribution characteristics of the radiant heat flux are intensively discussed, in terms of the heat flux profile, heating area, total heat, time to failure versus the fireline intensity, fireline width, spacing, and tank volume. In particular, extreme wildland fires, characterized by large fireline intensities, could potentially destroy the tank within the safety spacing mandated by the current regulations. Therefore, a comparison between the time to failure and the radiant heating duration is suggested to ascertain the necessary safety spacing. The uncertainties in model calculations are also addressed, which arise from the use of different flame length correlations and flame radiative fractions.
Fusion Genes Landscape of Lung Cancer Patients From Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Yu Lan , Liu Jinyang , Jia Jianchao , Yang Jie , Tong Ruiying , Zhang Xiao , Zhang Yun , Yin Songtao , Li Junlin , Sun Dejun
Published: July 2024

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths globally. Gene fusion, a key driver of tumorigenesis, has led to the identification of numerous driver gene fusions for lung cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, previous studies focused on Western populations, leaving the possibility of unrecognized lung cancer‐associated gene fusions specific to Inner Mongolia due to its unique genetic background and dietary habits. To address this, we conducted DNA sequencing analysis on tumor and adjacent nontumor tissues from 1200 individuals with lung cancer in Inner Mongolia. Our analysis established a comprehensive fusion gene landscape specific to lung cancer in Inner Mongolia, shedding light on potential region‐specific molecular mechanisms underlying the disease. Compared to Western cohorts, we observed a higher occurrence of ALK and RET fusions in Inner Mongolian patients. Additionally, we discovered eight novel fusion genes in three patients: SLC34A2‐EPHB1, CCT6P3‐GSTP1, BARHL2‐APC, HRAS‐MELK, FAM134B‐ERBB2, ABCB1‐GIPC1, GPR98‐ALK, and FAM134B‐SALL1. These previously unreported fusion genes suggest potential regional specificity. Furthermore, we characterized the fusion genes' structures based on breakpoints and described their impact on major functional gene domains. Importantly, the identified novel fusion genes exhibited significant clinical and pathological relevance. Notably, patients with SLC34A2‐EPHB1, CCT6P3‐GSTP1, and BARHL2‐APC fusions showed sensitivity to the combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Patients with HRAS‐MELK, FAM134B‐ERBB2, and ABCB1‐GIPC1 fusions showed sensitivity to chemotherapy. In summary, our study provides novel insights into the frequency, distribution, and characteristics of specific fusion genes, offering valuable guidance for the development of effective clinical treatments, particularly in Inner Mongolia.
How effective is our current follow‐up for patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma?
Authors: Stagl Klara , Grasl Stefan , Erovic Boban M. , Janik Stefan
Published: July 2024

Background

The study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of routine follow‐up in detecting recurrent disease in hypopharyngeal carcinoma.

Methods

Data from 76 patients with a total of 620 follow‐up visits, 367 radiological studies, and 126 panendoscopies were retrospectively assessed regarding the diagnosis of recurrent disease based on the results of (I) radiological studies, (II) clinical examinations, and (III) clinical symptoms.

Results

All locally relapsed patients became symptomatic, and new onset of dysphagia (p < 0.001) was the most frequent complaint. The sensitivity for detecting local recurrences was 100% for both patients' symptom assessments and clinical examinations. The highest overall accuracy was found for clinical examinations (93.4%), followed by symptom assessments (80.5%), and radiological studies (73.8%). The risk of false positive radiological reports and subsequent panendoscopies was 2.2 times higher after previous radiotherapy (32.0% vs. 14.6%; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Symptom assessments and clinical examinations are highly efficient for detection of local failures.
A Telescopic, Scalable and Industrially Feasible Method for the Synthesis of Antidepressant Drug, Moclobemide
Authors: Keshri Akanksha , Gupta Anjali , Gulati Upma , Datt Bhatt Tara , Kashyap Maneesh , Laha Joydev K.
Published: July 2024

An improved, scalable, industrially feasible telescopic process for multigram synthesis of highly commercialized antidepressant drug, moclobemide has been developed. Unlike the conventional approaches, this process enjoys the privilege of being an economical, operationally simple, effectively scalable, and quantitative method for the synthesis of amide‐containing drug moclobemide, showcasing easy isolation and purification without the aid of column chromatography. An environmentally benign reagent combination of TBN and NHS very effectively converts the acyl source, 4‐chlorobenzaldehyde into its N‐hydroxysuccinimide ester intermediate, which simply affords the drug molecule after nucleophilic substitution with the amine source. The synthetic process has successfully been scaled‐up upto ~145 g scale with 75 % overall yield and >95 % first crop HPLC purity.
Suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and self‐injury among American Indian, Alaskan Native, and Native Hawaiian college students in the United States from 2015 to 2019
Authors: Qeadan Fares , Ross Sydney , Barbeau William A. , Madden Erin F. , English Kevin
Published: July 2024

Background

Suicide is a major driver of mortality among college students and is the leading cause of death among American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian (AI/AN/NH) young adults.

Methods

Data on suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and self‐injury among AI/AN/NH college students (n = 8103) were analyzed via multivariable logistic regressions employing the American College Health Association National College Health Assessment survey from 2015 to 2019. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were used to assess how opioid misuse may act as a risk or protective factor for suicidality and self‐injury.

Results

Between 2015 and 2019, suicidal ideation was the most prevalent dimension of suicidality affecting AI/AN/NH college students (ranges from 12.69% to 18.35%), followed by self‐injury (7.83%–11.41%) and suicide attempt (2.40%–4.10%). AI/AN/NH college students who reported opioid misuse were significantly more likely to experience suicidal ideation (aOR: 1.417; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.154–1.740) and self‐injury (aOR: 1.684; 95% CI: 1.341–2.116) than those who did not engage in such behavior.

Conclusions

We identified opioid misuse as a potential risk factor for suicidal ideation and intentional self‐injury among populations of AI/AN/NH college students. Programs seeking to reduce suicide prevalence among Indigenous college students may benefit from the inclusion of evidence‐based interventions that prevent and treat issues related to opioid use.
Median effective dosage of midazolam oral solution for preschool children in preoperative sedation
Authors: Jiang Rui , Wang De‐Chuan , Zhao Nan , An Ke , Zhang Yi‐Nan , Zhu Zhao‐Qiong
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to detect median effective dosage (ED50) of midazolam oral solution (MOS) for preschool children in preoperative sedation. Thirty children (3–6 years old, with a body mass index (BMI) of 18–28 kg/m2, American Society of Anesthesiologists status (ASA) I‐II) scheduled for the hidden penis correction surgery under general anesthesia were selected. The effective dosage of MOS for preschool children in preoperative sedation was measured by sequential method. The initial dose was set at 0.5 mg/kg, with a concentration gradient of 0.1 mg/kg. Sedation was deemed successful if the patients’ Ramsay sedation scores were ≥4 and Frankl treatment compliance rating scale was ≥3, without any grade III or higher adverse events during anesthesia. If these criteria were met, the dosage for the next patient was reduced by one gradient based on the last patient's dosage, otherwise, the dosage for the next patient was increased by one gradient. This process was repeated until the 7th inflection point from unsuccessful to successful sedation was reached, at which point the trial was terminated. Probit regression analysis was used to calculate the ED50, 95% effective doses (ED95) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of MOS. Adverse reactions such as bradycardia, nausea, vomiting, and blurred vision were recorded during sedation. This study revealed that the ED50 and ED95 of MOS for preschool children preoperative sedation are 0.627 mg/kg (95% CI 0.582–0.669 mg/kg) and 0.795 mg/kg (95% CI 0.712–1.211 mg/kg), respectively, providing a reference for the administration of MOS in this population.
Deciphering functional groups of rumen microbiome and their underlying potentially causal relationships in shaping host traits
Authors: Xue Ming‐Yuan , Xie Yun‐Yi , Zang Xin‐Wei , Zhong Yi‐Fan , Ma Xiao‐Jiao , Sun Hui‐Zeng , Liu Jian‐Xin
Published: July 2024

Over the years, microbiome research has achieved tremendous advancements driven by culture‐independent meta‐omics approaches. Despite extensive research, our understanding of the functional roles and causal effects of the microbiome on phenotypes remains limited. In this study, we focused on the rumen metaproteome, combining it with metatranscriptome and metabolome data to accurately identify the active functional distributions of rumen microorganisms and specific functional groups that influence feed efficiency. By integrating host genetics data, we established the potentially causal relationships between microbes‐proteins/metabolites‐phenotype, and identified specific patterns in which functional groups of rumen microorganisms influence host feed efficiency. We found a causal link between Selenomonas bovis and rumen carbohydrate metabolism, potentially mediated by bacterial chemotaxis and a two‐component regulatory system, impacting feed utilization efficiency of dairy cows. Our study on the nutrient utilization functional groups in the rumen of high‐feed‐efficiency dairy cows, along with the identification of key microbiota functional proteins and their potentially causal relationships, will help move from correlation to causation in rumen microbiome research. This will ultimately enable precise regulation of the rumen microbiota for optimized ruminant production.
The Sorcerer in Sword Art Online: A Glance at the Archetype
Authors: Moffett Todd
Published: July 2024

Some villains in the anime Sword Art Online are influenced by the sorcerer archetype, drawn from legends of fairyland, medieval tales of hostile magicians, and the ancient figure of the shaman. The concentration of sorcerers in SAO makes it fertile ground for tracing the archetype in both Western and Japanese sources before turning to how SAO uses those influences in its world‐building and in the development of its own brand of sorcerer.
Are the promnestic effects of neurokinin 3 receptor mediated by hippocampal neurogenesis in a Aβ‐induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease?
Authors: Koca Raviye Ozen , Gormus Z. Isık Solak , Solak Hatice , Celik Fatma Secer , Kurar Ercan , Kutlu Selim
Published: July 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age‐related neurodegenerative disorder characterised by cognitive dysfunction, memory loss and mood changes. Hippocampal neurogenesis has been suggested to play a role in learning and memory. Neurokinin 3 receptor (NK3R) has been shown to be prevalent in the hippocampus region. The aim of the project was to investigate the role of hippocampal neurogenesis in the promnestic effects of NK3R agonist administration in an amyloid beta‐induced AD rat model. Wistar albino rats were divided into control, Alzheimer, NK3R agonist and Alzheimer + NK3R agonist groups. The open field (OF) test and Morris water maze (MWM) test were performed for locomotor activity and memory analysis. Peptide gene expression levels (Nestin, DCX, Neuritin, MASH1, Neun, BDNF) were analysed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). In the OF test, the group–time relationship was found to be statistically different in the parameters of distance travelled and percentage of movement (p < 0.05). In MWM, the time to reach the platform and the time spent in the target quadrant were statistically significant between the groups (p < 0.05). Statistically significant differences were observed in gene expression levels (Nestin, DCX, Neuritin, MASH1) in the hippocampal tissue of rats between the groups (p < 0.05). NK3 receptor agonism favourably affected hippocampal neurogenesis in AD model rats. It was concluded that NK3 receptor agonism in the hippocampus, which is the first affected region in the physiopathology of AD, may be effective in both the formation of neural precursor cells and the reduction of neuronal degeneration. The positive effect of NK3R on cognitive functions may be mediated by hippocampal neurogenesis.
Impact of aging on peribiliary glands in ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Katano Kaoru , Nakanuma Shinichi , Tokoro Tomokazu , Takei Ryohei , Takada Satoshi , Okazaki Mitsuyoshi , Kato Kaichiro , Makino Isamu , Harada Kenichi , Yagi Shintaro
Published: July 2024

Background

The detailed mechanisms underlying the development of ischemia‐type biliary lesions (ITBLs) in aged donor grafts remain unclear. In the present study we aimed to investigate the impact of aging on the response of the peribiliary gland (PBG) to ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) and its temporal changes.

Methods

Experiments were performed using a 90‐min partial warm liver ischemia model in male Wistar rats of two age groups: young (7–8 weeks old) and old (52–60 weeks old). Liver tissues were obtained 24, 72, and 168 h after IRI. Histopathological and immunohistochemical assessments of the perihilar bile duct (PHBD), including the PBG, distal to the clip‐clamped site were performed.

Results

Young rats showed little change in the bile duct tissues after IRI. However, old rats showed an increased PBG volume in the PHBD and marked PBG cell proliferation 24 h after IRI. Bile duct wall thickening with narrowing of the lumen peaked 72 h after IRI. Mucus production and oxidative stress in the PBG were significantly higher in old than in young rats after IRI. These findings showed a trend toward improvement 168 h after IRI.

Conclusion

Age‐dependent differences in the response of the PBG to IRI may be related to differences in ITBL frequency.