bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Yale model of green message sharing and environmental consciousness on social media platforms
Authors: Chang Hsin Hsin , Lu Yu-Yu , Li Pei Ru
Published: June 2022

Purpose

In this paper, Yale model was adopted to understand how the characteristics of a green message (goal framing, argument volume and argument consistency), its source (source credibility) and its receivers (environmental consciousness) influence the communication process regarding the receivers' perceptions and attitudes (information value, persuasiveness and communication effectiveness) and their intention to spread the green message.

Design/methodology/approach

Eight scenarios of factorial design were developed to test the effects of a message on receivers' perceptions and attitudes. 1,157 valid questionnaires were used to conduct AMOS-SEM and ANOVA analyses.

Findings

The analytical results showed significant differences between the persuasive effects of Scenarios 1 and 8. A high level of environmental consciousness significantly affected the relationships between the message characteristics, source credibility and information value, leading to a higher intention to share the green messages.

Research limitations/implications

The Yale model was applied to online persuasion to examine the receivers' perceptions of and attitudes toward a green message and their intention to share it on social networking sites (SNSs). Being environmentally conscious can strengthen the perception that the receivers of an online green message have of the source credibility and information value. The Yale model proved to represent the online green message-sharing context and explain how to persuade online users more effectively.

Practical implications

This study suggests that green message providers should present content emphasizing the losses associated with inaction, thus increasing the receivers' acceptance of the message's persuasiveness. Additionally, with the assistance of supportive measures, such as national education programs, government policies and actions showing corporate social responsibility, the environmental awareness of individuals can encourage them to share green message posts on SNSs and engage in green practices.

Social implications

A significant effect of the message characteristics (goal framing × argument volume × argument consistency) was observed on SNS users' perceived source credibility and information value. Therefore, key opinion leaders, governments, and organizations who want to promote green ideas and attract public attention are encouraged to provide messages emphasizing the costs of inaction and contain arguments with a sufficient number of responses strongly supporting the original message. This could arouse the concern for green issues among online communities.

Originality/value

A Yale model research framework was developed to investigate the effect of message characteristics on the intention to share green messages online. Receivers' environmental consciousness played a vital role in this message-sharing process.
Predictive performance of pharmacokinetic models for target concentration‐controlled infusion of cefoxitin as a prophylactic antibiotic in patients with colorectal surgery
Authors: Kang Hyun‐Uk , Kim Kyung Mi , Choi Jae Moon , Lee Eun‐Kyung , Choi Byung‐Moon , Noh Gyu‐Jeong , Lee Seok Hwan
Published: June 2022

We aimed to evaluate the predictive performance of previously constructed free (Cfree) and total (Ctotal) cefoxitin pharmacokinetic models and the possibility of administering cefoxitin via the target‐controlled infusion (TCI) method in clinical practice. Two external validation studies (N = 31 for Cfree model, N = 30 for Ctotal model) were conducted sequentially. Cefoxitin (2 g) was dissolved in 50 mL of normal saline to give a concentration of 40 mg mL−1. Before skin incision, cefoxitin was infused with a TCI syringe pump. Target concentrations of free concentration and total concentration were set to 25 and 80 μg mL−1, respectively, which were administered throughout the surgery. Three arterial blood samples were collected to measure the total and free plasma concentrations of cefoxitin at 30, 60 and 120 min, after the start of cefoxitin administration. The predictive performance was evaluated using four parameters: inaccuracy, divergence, bias and wobble. The pooled median (95% confidence interval) biases and inaccuracies were − 45.9 (−47.3 to −44.5) and 45.9 (44.5 to 47.3) for Cfree model (Choi_F model), and − 16.6 (−18.4 to −14.8) and 18.5 (16.7 to 20.2) for Ctotal model (Choi_Told model), respectively. The predictive performance of the newly constructed model (Choi_Tnew model), developed by adding the total concentration data measured in the external validation, was better than that of the Choi_Told model. Models constructed with total concentration data were suitable for clinical use. Administering cefoxitin using the TCI method in patients maintained the free concentration above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) breakpoints of the major pathogens causing surgical site infection throughout the operation period.
Disabling violence: intellectual disability and the limits of ethical engagement
Authors: McKearney Patrick
Published: June 2022

Those giving care to people with intellectual disabilities in the United Kingdom are obliged to drive bad forms of intimacy, such as abuse, out of the caring relationship. They must also enable these individuals to find positive forms of intimacy through reciprocal relationships such as friendships. These two aims are normally separated, but in an organization called L'Arche UK, they are combined in the same relationship when caregivers pursue reciprocal friendships with those they support. What happens to this ethical project when those with intellectual disabilities are violent to their caregivers? Trying to pursue intimate engagement in this context has the unexpected result of creating distrustful and tense relationships, which raises questions not only about why this ethical project goes so wrong, but also about what it would mean for it to go right: that is, what a richer and fully positive reciprocity between limited and complex human beings would actually look like in practice.
William of Tyre, Translatio Imperii and the Genesis of the First Crusade: Or, the Challenges of Writing History
Authors: BUCK ANDREW D.
Published: June 2022

The article offers a contribution to wider dialogues on history creation and the analytical superstructures that influence how authors use the past to construct and legitimise identities tied to conquest and settlement. It takes as its case study the twelfth‐century Chronicon of the Jerusalemite writer William of Tyre, and his crafting of an account of the First Crusade that demonstrated the legal validity of the new Latin polities created in the Levant and Syria (the so‐called crusader states). It demonstrates his use of translatio imperii (translation of empire) to frame settlement as a continuation of Christian authority in the East. This work also marks the changing purpose of his writing away from a solely Eastern Latin audience towards promoting crusading from Europe. In paying attention to this shift, this article demonstrates how subsequent edits he made to his work(s) led to narrative dilemmas and discontinuities that spoke to the fragmented social and political value of crusading between the Latin East and Latin West. In other words, this article offers an important window onto not only the historians’ craft, but also the value of incorporating premodern works into modern historiographical debates, especially those surrounding notions of European settler identities.
Socio‐Technical Scenarios as a Tool to Improve Farm Advisory Services
Authors: Leloup Héloïse , Bulten Ellen , Elzen Boelie , Prazan Jaroslav , Zarokosta Eleni
Published: June 2022

This article examines the use of the socio‐technical scenarios (STSc) method to explore the future needs of farmers in the adoption of more sustainable farming practices. It also examines the changes needed for advisory services to meet those identified needs. It presents the results from four STSc workshops organised as part of the H2020 AgriLink project. Workshop participants (farmers, advisors, policymakers, researchers), jointly explored future changes towards more sustainable agricultural systems paying special attention to the role of advisory services in these transitions. Despite the diversity of national contexts, common results emerged concerning both the shortcomings of the current advisory systems and directions for improvement. Participants agreed that advising on single aspects would not achieve the required systemic changes; these would require more integrated advisory systems at different levels (improved cooperation and knowledge flow), supported by more consistent policies. We indeed identified discrepancies between policy expectations and the broader innovation context. Policies should facilitate the role of advisors in supporting farmers to adopt sustainable innovations, but more often they also create barriers for such innovations. Participants’ concrete recommendations for more farmer‐centered advisory services illustrate the usefulness of the STSc to explore potential solutions to key problems in contemporary farm advisory systems.
CAP and Advisory Services: From Farm Advisory Systems to Innovation Support
Authors: Labarthe Pierre , Beck Monika
Published: June 2022

Farm advisory services have become an important topic in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union (EU). The aim of this article is to draw lessons from the implementation of the regulation and measures of the current 2014–2022 CAP in knowledge transfer and advisory services to contribute to debates about the future of farm advisory policies. Findings are based on two studies commissioned by the European Commission: an evaluation study implemented by a consortium of consultancies and researchers and a comparative analysis implemented in the frame of the H2020 research project AgriLink. The article first provides a historical perspective of the ‘knowledge and advice’ dimension of the CAP since 2007. We show a gradual transition towards greater flexibility of measures supporting innovation and knowledge flows. The professional status of farm advisors across European countries was more strongly acknowledged, offering new life‐long training opportunities to advisors. However, the implementation of CAP’s advisory measures remains complex. As a result, the effects of these measures have been rather limited, with only few farmers reached overall. Fostering an inclusiveness of these measures remains an ongoing challenge for policymakers.
Engineering siderophore production in Pseudomonas to improve asbestos weathering
Authors: Lemare Marion , Puja Hélène , David Sébastien R. , Mathieu Sébastien , Ihiawakrim Dris , Geoffroy Valérie A. , Rigouin Coraline
Published: June 2022

Iron plays a key role in microbial metabolism and bacteria have developed multiple siderophore‐driven mechanisms due to its poor bioavailability for organisms in the environment. Iron‐bearing minerals generally serve as a nutrient source to sustain bacterial growth after bioweathering. Siderophores are high‐affinity ferric iron chelators, of which the biosynthesis is tightly regulated by the presence of iron. Pyoverdine‐producing Pseudomonas have shown their ability to extract iron and magnesium from asbestos waste as nutrients. However, such bioweathering is rapidly limited due to repression of the pyoverdine pathway and the low bacterial requirement for iron. We developed a metabolically engineered strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for which pyoverdine production was no longer repressed by iron as a proof of concept. We compared siderophore‐promoted dissolution of flocking asbestos waste by this optimized strain to that by the wild‐type strain. Interestingly, pyoverdine production by the optimized strain was seven times higher in the presence of asbestos waste and the dissolution of magnesium and iron from the chrysotile fibres contained in flocking asbestos waste was significantly enhanced. This innovative mineral weathering process contributes to remove toxic iron from the asbestos fibres and may contribute to the development of an eco‐friendly method to manage asbestos waste.
Pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma: A clinicopathological study of 45 patients
Authors: Shen Wang , Yang Tao , Fan Yaguang , Li Xuebing , Ai Cheng , Wang Xinyun , Wang Dan , Zhou Xuexia
Published: June 2022

Pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma (PMEC) is uncommon. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological features, diagnostic criteria, treatment options, and prognostic factors relating to primary PMEC. Clinical data on 45 patients with primary PMEC were collected and analyzed retrospectively at Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and the First People’ Hospital of Longquanyi District Chengdu from January 2008 to December 2020. The 45 patients (25 males and 20 females) ranged in age from 22 to 72 years, with a median age of 49 and an average age of 47.7. All the patients underwent surgery, with 32 receiving only surgery and 13 receiving both surgery and postoperative chemotherapy. A total of 34 instances of low‐grade tumors and 11 cases of high‐grade tumors were discovered during postoperative pathological diagnosis. Forty‐five patients were followed for 13 to 78 months, and four died during this period. In all four instances, a lung infection unrelated to the tumor was determined to be the cause of death. The MAML2 gene translocation was detected in 40 of 45 patients, with 34 of them testing positive. Radical surgery with lymph node dissection is an efficient treatment for PMEC. The prognosis is poor for patients with advanced disease, a negative MAML2 gene translocation, lymph node metastases, and high‐grade tumors.
Instagram as a data source for sea turtle surveys in shipwrecks in Brazil
Authors: Leitão A. T. T. S. , Alves M. D. de O , dos Santos J. C. P. , Bezerra B.
Published: June 2022

Shipwrecks have been accidentally and deliberately deployed worldwide, becoming artificial reefs for tourist attractions and habitats for marine species. Recreational divers often visit wrecks and post images on Instagram – a popular social network for image circulation. Here we evaluated if such images could be used as a data source for surveying sea turtles in shipwrecks and assessing diver–sea turtle interactions. We targeted the coast of Pernambuco in Brazil, which has over 100 shipwrecks. We inspected public videos and photos posted on Instagram from October 2010 to April 2020. We used 20 tags in our search, which led to 2353 images (210 videos; 2143 photos). A total of 220 posts depicted sea turtles (189 photos and 31 videos; 41 sea turtles in videos and 199 in photos) and their enhanced quality‐facilitated species identification. We detected Caretta caretta (loggerhead sea turtle), Chelonia mydas (green sea turtle) and Eretmochelys imbricata (hawksbill sea turtle). Turtles were found in 13 shipwrecks, all with bathymetry up to 30 m. Photos and videos provided the same proportion of images of each turtle species. Nevertheless, from a temporal perspective, this scenario changed. All three species were observed in photo posts in 4 of the 9 full years considered, whereas all three species were only observed in 1 year in the video posts. We registered four types of diver–turtle interactions from videos: ‘abrupt approach, chase, touch and pose’. We classified ‘abrupt approach, chasing and touching’ behaviours as major disturbances as they altered the turtles’ behaviours. We classified ‘pose’ as a minor disturbance as it caused no apparent change in turtle behaviour. Chasing was the most frequently observed interaction. Instagram is a useful complementary tool that can aid in the surveillance of sea turtles in shipwrecks. However, the limitations of this type of data and adequate data filtering criteria must be considered.
‘It sort of has the feel of being at home’: Mixed‐methods evaluation of a pilot community‐based palliative end‐of‐life service in a regional setting
Authors: Handley Tonelle , Jorm Christine , Symington Christine , Christie Louis , Forbes Erin , Munro Alice , Cheney Richard
Published: June 2022

Objective

To evaluate the acceptability and effectiveness of a small community‐based hospice on the end‐of‐life experiences of patients and families.

Methods

Mixed‐methods study.

Design

Patient admission data were used to assess utilisation of the hospice. Open‐ended interviews with hospice patients and their families/carers were used to understand the emotional effects of the service.

Setting

A small palliative end‐of‐life hospice in a rural town in NSW, Australia, during a 12‐month trial period that began in March 2019. Data were collected in October–November 2019.

Participants

Patients, families and carers who used the hospice during the trial period, as well as staff working at the hospice.

Main outcome measure(s)

Quantitative measures included the number of patients admitted to the hospice, the average length of stay and the overall occupancy rate of the hospice. Quantitative interviews were used to explore the experiences of patients and families who used the hospice, and whether the hospice met their end‐of‐life needs.

Results

During the trial, 58 patients were admitted to the hospice. The majority of admissions were less than 7 days. Two patients and nine family members were interviewed about their experiences, and six staff completed interviews. Experiences were consistently positive, with the community setting of the hospice contributing to a peaceful and home‐like end‐of‐life experience. Interviewees described meaningful relationships with staff, a pleasant physical environment and the comprehensive care provided were key elements of this experience.

Conclusion

This model, embedding end‐of‐life care within a residential aged care facility, facilitated a positive end‐of‐life experience for residents of this regional community. The development of local models to meet local needs is essential to enabling people nearing the end of life to remain in their location of choice, and ensure that their needs are met at this vulnerable time.
Containment and conversion
Authors: COUSINS THOMAS , PENTECOST MICHELLE , VAN HELDEN LESLEY
Published: June 2022

In South Africa the racialized contours of economic life powerfully shape the distribution of who owns poultry enterprises, who is employed to labor in them, who consumes poultry products, and in which way. When, in late 2017, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N8) decimated the South African poultry sector, it revealed the ontological transformations of industrial egg‐laying poultry into “cull birds” and then intoimileqwa, the quintessential rural chicken. It thus showed how distinct regimes of value “articulate,” blurring infectious and noninfectious concerns as new chains of conversion were inaugurated across domestic and global economies. Thanks to the mediations performed by the network of egg‐laying chickens, (White) farmers, (Black African) consumers, and state veterinarians, translations of value take place in which industrialized egg‐layer chickens turn into socially enlivened beings. Such beings sustain and nurture social reproduction in South Africa's postapartheid cities and beyond. [zoonosis,value,human‐animal relations,global health,one health,race,urbanism,South Africa]
Being affiliated to a cystic fibrosis centre is important for parents' everyday life
Authors: Nielsen Pia Bonde , Olesen Hanne Vebert , Jensen Claus Sixtus
Published: June 2022

Aim

Newborn screening represents a paradigm shift in the treatment of children with cystic fibrosis. This study aimed to explore parents' everyday life experiences from the time of diagnosis and in the following months.

Methods

Narrative interviews were conducted at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, with parents (mothers = 15 and fathers =14) of 15 term‐born children with a mean age of 2 weeks (range 1–3.5 weeks). Participant observation and field notes were used to complement interview data. The analysis was inspired by Kvale and Brinkmann.

Results

Three themes were identified. First, on diagnosis, a profound difference in parents' experience was observed depending on whether the diagnosis was communicated by a medical doctor from the cystic fibrosis team or by a paediatrician from another hospital. Second, during the initial meetings and subsequent relationships with the cystic fibrosis team, the knowledge and calmness exhibited by the doctors and nurses were very valuable. Third, regarding everyday life after the diagnosis, most parents described experiencing anxiety and concern for their child's future.

Conclusion

The parents' experiences highlighted essential elements that should be implemented to optimise the patient care pathway as they are fundamental to parents' ability to cope with the new living conditions.
Editorial: STAT3 phosphorylation for tofacitinib monitoring in ulcerative colitis—a step towards precision medicine?
Authors: Solitano Virginia , Armuzzi Alessandro
Published: June 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Verstockt et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16955
Editorial: risk of gastric and duodenal ulcers among new users of low‐dose aspirin
Authors: Yeomans Neville D.
Published: June 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Nguyen et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17050
Association between gabapentinoids and oedema treated with loop diuretics: A pooled sequence symmetry analysis from the USA and Denmark
Authors: Vouri Scott Martin , Morris Earl J. , Wang Grace Hsin‐Min , Hashim Jaber Bilal Alyaa , Hallas Jesper , Henriksen Daniel Pilsgaard
Published: June 2022

Aims

To assess the gabapentinoid–oedema–loop diuretic prescribing cascade in adults using large administrative health care databases from the USA and Denmark.

Methods

This study used a sequence symmetry analysis to assess loop diuretic initiation before and after the initiation of gabapentinoids among patients aged 20 years or older without heart failure or chronic kidney disease. Data from MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental Claims databases (2005 to 2019) and Danish National Prescription Register (2005 to 2018) were analyzed. Use of loop diuretics associated with initiation of selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) was used as a negative control. We assessed the pooled temporality of loop diuretic initiation relative to gabapentinoid or SNRI initiation across the 2 countries. Secular trend‐adjusted sequence ratios (aSRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using data from 90 days before and after initiation of gabapentinoids. Pooled ratio of aSRs were calculated by comparing gabapentinoids to SNRIs.

Results

Among the 1 511 493 gabapentinoid initiators (Denmark [n = 338 941]; USA [n = 1 172 552]), 20 139 patients had a new loop diuretic prescription 90 days before or after gabapentinoid initiation, resulting in a pooled aSR of 1.33 (95% CI 1.06–1.67). The pooled aSR for the negative control (i.e., SNRI) was 0.84 (95% CI 0.75–0.94), which resulted in a pooled ratio of aSRs of 1.58 (95% CI 1.23–2.04). Pooled estimated incidence of the gabapentinoid–loop diuretic prescribing cascade was 8.14 (95% CI, 1.92–34.49) events per 1000 patient‐years.

Conclusion

We identified evidence of the gabapentinoid–oedema–loop diuretic prescribing cascade in 2 countries.
Mental health outcomes of the Daily Mile in elementary school children: a single‐arm pilot study
Authors: Arkesteyn Anke , Vancampfort Davy , Firth Joseph , Van Damme Tine
Published: June 2022

Background

School‐based physical activity (PA) programmes such as The Daily Mile (TDM) are widely promoted to address shortfalls in meeting PA recommendations. This study is the first to examine TDM (a daily one mile outdoor run/walk performed at a self‐selected pace during school hours) on mental health, self‐esteem and self‐perceived competence of elementary schoolchildren.

Methods

In total, 550 children (n = 289 boys, aged 5–13 years) were recruited from seven schools across Flanders. The Self‐Perception Profile for Children (SPPC) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were completed before, during and post‐intervention. One‐way repeated measures ANOVA was used to examine changes over time. Additional subgroup analyses of children with low scores on the SPPC (−1SD) were performed.

Results

Only perceived global self‐worth (SPPC) was significantly higher (p = .041) following TDM. However, in children with low baseline SPPC scores, significant increases with large effect sizes were found for global self‐worth (p = <.001), scholastic competence (p = .001), social competence (p = .003), athletic competence (p = .002), physical appearance (p = <.001) and behavioural conduct (p = .003) following TDM. Moreover, significant reductions over time were reported by parents for total difficulties (p < .001), hyperactivity (p = .004), peer problems (p = .008) and emotional symptoms (p = <.001) and an increase in prosocial behaviour (p = .038) on the SDQ following TDM. However, no changes for conduct problems were observed (p = .143).

Conclusions

The study is the first to indicate that TDM potentially improves mental health, self‐esteem and self‐perceived competence in elementary schoolchildren, especially in those with a poor mental health status. Randomised controlled trials are now required to more definitively test these findings.
Conservation responsibility for bird species in tropical logged forests
Authors: Buřivalová Zuzana , Rosin Cooper , Buchner Johanna , Radeloff Volker C. , Ocampo‐Peñuela Natalia
Published: June 2022

Unprotected lands can help prevent the extinctions of species if managed carefully. Over half of the tropical forest is leased by logging companies, whereas only 6%–18% is protected. This makes the timber industry, institutions that regulate it, and consumers of its products important actors in conservation. We assessed the conservation responsibility, the proportion of a species’ range that tropical timber industry concessions overlap with, for bird species that decline after selective logging. Up to 32% of the global range and up to 100% of the national range of sensitive species within our study countries are leased by logging companies. Individual concessions overlap with the ranges of up to 25 sensitive and more than 500 total bird species, with a particularly high density in Borneo. Our results can inform governments, forest managers, sustainability certifiers, and consumers so that they can turn this responsibility into a conservation opportunity through interventions at multiple scales.
Elevational patterns of amphibian functional and phylogenetic structures in eastern Nepal Himalaya
Authors: Zhao Tian , Khatiwada Janak Raj , Zhao Chunlin , Feng Jianyi , Sun Zijian
Published: June 2022

Aim

Exploring the mechanism underlying community assembly processes is considered as one of the central topics for biogeography. As one of the biodiversity hotspots, Nepal Himalaya has attracted increasing attention during the past decade. However, the main processes shaping amphibian assemblages in this area are still unclear. Here, we examined the elevational patterns of amphibian functional and phylogenetic structures to understand the main mechanism driving amphibian assemblages along an elevational gradient in eastern Nepal Himalaya.

Location

Eastern Nepal Himalaya.

Methods

Amphibian taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity were calculated, and their responses to the increasing elevations were investigated based on the linear regressions. The environmental determinants of amphibian diversity were revealed based on the incorporation of generalized linear models and hierarchical partitioning analyses. In addition, the mechanism driving amphibian assemblages from low to high elevations was tested by calculating the mean pairwise functional distance and the mean pairwise phylogenetic distance indices.

Results

Amphibian taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity had contrast responses to the increasing elevations, which were strongly determined by variables such as air temperature, the number of trees, leaf litter cover and water pH. Interestingly, the trends of amphibian functional and phylogenetic diversity along an elevational gradient can be changed after controlling the effects of species richness. Moreover, determining process played a dominant role in shaping amphibian assemblages with the increasing elevations.

Conclusions

Our results revealed the elevational patterns of amphibian functional and phylogenetic structures in eastern Nepal Himalaya, associated with the change in environmental variables. We also highlighted the dominant role of determining process in shaping amphibian assemblages. Overall, our results can help ecologists and managers better understand and formulate amphibian diversity conservation. In addition, our results also enriched the fundamental knowledge to understand the general patterns of community assembly rules in montane ecosystems.
Altitudinal dispersal process drives community assembly of montane small mammals
Authors: Wen Zhixin , Feijó Anderson , Ke Jinzhao , He Xingcheng , Cheng Jilong , Ge Deyan , Tian Tian , Xia Lin , Wu Yongjie , Ran Jianghong , Yang Qisen
Published: June 2022

Montane small mammals are subjected to strong forces of dispersal limitation and habitat filtering that mainly operate on their community structures along the altitudinal direction. However, so far little is known about the relative contributions of dispersal and niche processes to their community assembly. By applying the newly proposed PER‐SIMPER/DNCI (dispersal–niche continuum index) framework to small mammal occurrence data collected from 21 extensive altitudinal gradients, we quantitatively assessed the relative importance of dispersal and niche processes on mammalian community assembly in a large mountainous region of southwestern China. We compared the pairwise DNCI values among assemblages from low, middle and high altitudinal zones and overall DNCI values between glires and insectivores that differ in dispersal abilities to test three explicit (altitudinal connectivity, environmental difference and dispersal ability) hypotheses. The overall DNCI values for all small mammal species combined (−12.7 ± 0.4, 90 species), glires (−12.8 ± 0.5, 56 species) and insectivores (−13.5 ± 1.4, 34 species) values were all negative, while insectivores showed a lower value than glires. For both all species combined and glires, we found a lower pairwise DNCI value between the low and high altitudinal zones than that between the other two pairs of altitudinal zones. Our study indicated that an altitudinal dispersal process dominates the taxonomic composition of small mammal assemblages in this region. Importantly, the results reinforced the idea that community structures of less vagile taxa are more subject to dispersal limitation; and yet another idea that assemblages from further altitudinal areas are more differentiated by dispersal process was only supported in glires and all species combined. Community biologists should, therefore, pay attention to recent climate‐induced upward range shifts by montane species, which may dramatically alter their community structures in different altitudinal zones through dynamics of immigration and mountaintop extinction.
Youth Wellness Hubs Ontario: Development and initial implementation of integrated youth services in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Henderson Joanna Lyn , Chiodo Debbie , Varatharasan Nirupa , Andari Swelen , Luce Janine , Wolfe Janis
Published: June 2022

Aim

The need for youth‐friendly early intervention services to meet the mental health, substance use, primary care, and other social needs of adolescents and young adults is well‐documented. This article describes Youth Wellness Hubs Ontario, a province‐wide initiative in Ontario, Canada to build and implement a one‐stop‐shop model of integrated youth services.

Methods

We describe the development of Youth Wellness Hubs Ontario, in the context of global youth mental health system transformation, as well as pan‐Canadian youth mental health system change. We also describe Youth Wellness Hubs Ontario's values and services.

Results

The demonstration phase of Youth Wellness Hubs Ontario was initiated in 2017–2018. Youth Wellness Hubs Ontario is co‐created with youth for youth aged 12–25 years old across diverse community contexts. Youth Wellness Hubs Ontario centres engagement and equity, and offers developmentally‐appropriate services in an integrated, community‐based walk‐in format. As an initiative committed to continuous learning and quality improvement, Youth Wellness Hubs Ontario offers evidence‐based and evidence‐generating services, and measurement‐based care. Youth Wellness Hubs Ontario is supported by backbone resources with expertise in implementation science, health equity, Indigenous practices, youth and family engagement, evaluation, and knowledge translation. In 2020 Youth Wellness Hubs Ontario secured sustainable funding for the first 10 locations and scale‐up began in 2021, with 10 additional locations in development.

Conclusions

Youth Wellness Hubs Ontario demonstrates the feasibility of integrated mental health and substance use early intervention services, offered in the context of a broad range of health and social services.
Validation of a “subjective motoric cognitive risk syndrome” screening tool for motoric cognitive risk syndrome—A prospective cohort study
Authors: Ayers Emmeline , Wang Cuiling , Verghese Joe
Published: June 2022

Background and purpose

Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is a gait‐based pre‐dementia syndrome associated with risk of dementia. Ascertaining subjective cognitive and motoric complaints may facilitate early and remote identification of individuals with MCR as they are reported to precede and predict objective cognitive and motoric impairments in aging.

Methods

The validity of five subjective motoric complaint (SMC) questions and 10 subjective cognitive complaint (SCC) questions was examined for discriminating MCR in 538 non‐demented community‐dwelling adults. Backward logistic regression was used to identify questions to develop a weighted score to define subjective MCR (MCR‐S). Receiver operating characteristic analysis was applied to determine the discriminative ability of MCR‐S for the objective MCR (MCR‐O) definition based on SCCs and objectively measured gait. Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for potential confounders were used to examine the predictive validity of MCR‐S for incident dementia.

Results

Five subjective complaint questions (three SCC and two SMC) were associated with MCR‐O. They were combined to define an MCR‐S score (range 0–7) which yielded an area under the curve of 0.89 for discriminating MCR‐O from receiver operating characteristic analysis. An optimal cut‐score of 2 on the MCR‐S score was determined to have good sensitivity (84%) and specificity (82%) for MCR‐O. Over a median follow‐up of 2.5 years, 29 participants developed dementia. Both MCR‐S (adjusted hazard ratio 2.39) and MCR‐O at baseline (adjusted hazard ratio 3.16) predicted risk of incident dementia.

Conclusions

Subjective MCR had high concordance with MCR‐O and can provide a remote screening assessment for MCR‐O, which can identify those at high risk for dementia.
Considerations regarding child and parent neurodiversity in family court
Authors: Pickar Daniel B.
Published: June 2022

Family court professionals must continually be developing a greater appreciation of diversity in its many forms. As with cultural diversity and non‐traditional families, neurodiversity in children and parents is another social justice issue in which overt or implicit bias may impact child custody decision‐making, such as when a divorcing parent has a significant psychiatric or neurocognitive condition. The neurodiversity perspective, while having its limitations, can help reduce bias in family court by recognizing that there is a broad range of brain functioning, while taking a strengths‐based approach, as opposed to a pathology orientation. This article will define neurodiversity, address how the stigma of mental health conditions can lead to automatic negative presumptions about parental competency, as well examine how the voices of neurodiverse children can be better heard in family court processes. Lastly, principles for court personnel to consider with neurodiverse parents and children will be elucidated.
Younger carbon dominates global soil carbon efflux
Authors: Xiao Liujun , Wang Guocheng , Wang Mingming , Zhang Shuai , Sierra Carlos A. , Guo Xiaowei , Chang Jinfeng , Shi Zhou , Luo Zhongkui
Published: June 2022

Soil carbon (C) is comprised of a continuum of organic compounds with distinct ages (i.e., the time a C atom has experienced in soil since the C atom entered soil). The contribution of different age groups to soil C efflux is critical for understanding soil C stability and persistence, but is poorly understood due to the complexity of soil C pool age structure and potential distinct turnover behaviors of age groups. Here, we build upon the quantification of soil C transit times to infer the age of C atoms in soil C efflux (aefflux) from seven sequential soil layer depths down to 2 m at a global scale, and compare this age with radiocarbon‐inferred ages of C retained in corresponding soil layers (asoil). In the whole 0–2 m soil profile, the mean aefflux is (mean with 5%–95% quantiles) year and is just about one‐eighth of asoil ( year), demonstrating that younger C dominates soil C efflux. With increasing soil depth, both aefflux and asoil are increased, but their disparities are markedly narrowed. That is, the proportional contribution of relatively younger soil C to efflux is decreased in deeper layers, demonstrating that C inputs (new and young) stay longer in deeper layers. Across the globe, we find large spatial variability of the contribution of soil C age groups to C efflux. Especially, in deep soil layers of cold regions (e.g., boreal forests and tundra), aefflux may be older than asoil, suggesting that older C dominates C efflux only under a limited range of conditions. These results imply that most C inputs may not contribute to long‐term soil C storage, particularly in upper layers that hold the majority of new C inputs.
Substantial non‐growing season carbon dioxide loss across Tibetan alpine permafrost region
Authors: Li Qinlu , Liu Yang , Kou Dan , Peng Yunfeng , Yang Yuanhe
Published: June 2022

One of the major uncertainties for projecting permafrost carbon (C)‐climate feedback is a poor representation of the non‐growing season carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions under a changing climate. Here, combining in situ field observations, regional synthesis and a random forest model, we assessed contemporary and future soil respired CO2 (i.e., soil respiration, Rs) across the Tibetan alpine permafrost region, which has received much less attention compared with the Arctic permafrost domain. We estimated the regional mean Rs of 229.8, 72.9 and 302.7 g C m−2 year−1 during growing season, non‐growing season and the entire year, respectively; corresponding to the contemporary losses of 296.9, 94.3 and 391.2 Tg C year−1 from this high‐altitude permafrost‐affected area. The non‐growing season Rs accounted for a quarter of the annual soil CO2 efflux. Different from the prevailing view that temperature is the most limiting factor for cold‐period CO2 release in Arctic permafrost ecosystems, precipitation determined the spatial pattern of non‐growing season Rs on the Tibetan Plateau. Using the key predictors, model extrapolation demonstrated additional losses of 38.8 and 74.5 Tg C from the non‐growing season for a moderate mitigation scenario and a business‐as‐usual emissions scenario, respectively. These results provide a baseline for non‐growing season CO2 emissions from high‐altitude permafrost areas and help for accurate projection of permafrost C‐climate feedback.
Lost, gained, and regained functional and phylogenetic diversity of European mammals since 8000 years ago
Authors: Hatfield Jack H. , Davis Katie E. , Thomas Chris D.
Published: June 2022

Mammals have experienced high levels of human‐mediated extirpations but have also been widely introduced to new locations, and some have recovered from historic persecution. Both of these processes—losses and gains—have resulted in concern about functional losses and changes in ecological communities as new ecological states develop. The question of whether species turnover inevitably leads to declines in functional and phylogenetic diversity depends, however, on the traits and phylogenetic distinctiveness of the species that are lost, gained, or regained. Comparing ~8000 years ago with the last century, we show that extirpations and range retractions have indeed reduced the functional and phylogenetic diversity of mammals in most European regions (countries and island groups), but species recoveries and the introduction of non‐native species have increased functional and phylogenetic diversity by equivalent or greater amounts in many regions. Overall, across Europe, species richness increased in 41 regions over the last 8000 years and declined in 1; phylogenetic diversity increased in 33 and declined in 12, while functional diversity results showed 20 increases and 25 decreases. The balance of losses (extirpations) and gains (introductions, range expansions) has, however, led to net increases in functional diversity on many islands, where the original diversity was low, and across most of western Europe. Historically extirpated mega‐ and mesofaunal species have recolonized or been reintroduced to many European regions, contributing to recent functional and phylogenetic diversity recovery. If conservation rewilding projects continue to reintroduce regionally extirpated species and domestic descendants of “extinct” species to provide replacement grazing, browsing, and predation, there is potential to generate net functional and phylogenetic diversity gains (relative to 8000 years ago) in most European regions.
Tree crown damage and its effects on forest carbon cycling in a tropical forest
Authors: Needham Jessica F. , Arellano Gabriel , Davies Stuart J. , Fisher Rosie A. , Hammer Valerie , Knox Ryan G. , Mitre David , Muller‐Landau Helene C. , Zuleta Daniel , Koven Charlie D.
Published: June 2022

Crown damage can account for over 23% of canopy biomass turnover in tropical forests and is a strong predictor of tree mortality; yet, it is not typically represented in vegetation models. We incorporate crown damage into the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator (FATES), to evaluate how lags between damage and tree recovery or death alter demographic rates and patterns of carbon turnover. We represent crown damage as a reduction in a tree's crown area and leaf and branch biomass, and allow associated variation in the ratio of aboveground to belowground plant tissue. We compare simulations with crown damage to simulations with equivalent instant increases in mortality and benchmark results against data from Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama. In FATES, crown damage causes decreases in growth rates that match observations from BCI. Crown damage leads to increases in carbon starvation mortality in FATES, but only in configurations with high root respiration and decreases in carbon storage following damage. Crown damage also alters competitive dynamics, as plant functional types that can recover from crown damage outcompete those that cannot. This is a first exploration of the trade‐off between the additional complexity of the novel crown damage module and improved predictive capabilities. At BCI, a tropical forest that does not experience high levels of disturbance, both the crown damage simulations and simulations with equivalent increases in mortality does a reasonable job of capturing observations. The crown damage module provides functionality for exploring dynamics in forests with more extreme disturbances such as cyclones and for capturing the synergistic effects of disturbances that overlap in space and time.
Trends in places and causes of death among centenarians in Japan from 2006 to 2016
Authors: Koyama Toshihiro , Higashionna Tsukasa , Maruo Akinori , Ushio Soichiro , Zamami Yoshito , Harada Ko , Hagiya Hideharu
Published: June 2022

Aim

Amid the global aging, an establishment of healthcare policies for the aged population is a common issue to be addressed. However, few studies on centenarians have reported place and cause of death (PoD and CoD, respectively) as indicators of end‐of‐life care quality. This study aimed to analyze trends in PoD and CoD among centenarians in Japan.

Methods

Data from death certificates from Japanese vital statistics were analyzed; 205 513 deaths occurred among centenarians (aged ≥100 years) in Japan during the period from 2006 to 2016. PoD prevalence was calculated for each CoD. Trends in PoD prevalence were analyzed using the Joinpoint regression model. Changing points, annual percentage changes, and average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) were calculated to examine trends.

Results

The number of deaths more than doubled from 10 340 in 2006 to 26 427 in 2016. PoDs were composed of hospitals (52.7%), nursing homes (31.4%), own homes (13.6%) and others (2.2%). Dementia and old age increased rapidly as CoD. Proportions of hospital and home deaths decreased, with AAPCs of −2.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], −2.6 to −1.9) and −2.3% (95% CI, −3.2 to −1.4), respectively. Conversely, the proportion of deaths in nursing homes rapidly increased, with an AAPC of 6.8% (95% CI, 6.0–7.7).

Conclusions

The results revealed changes in PoD among centenarians in Japan. Understanding these transitions is indispensable for health policy in aging societies. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 675–680.
Artificial intelligence and digital health for volume maintenance in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Sandys Vicki , Sexton Donal , O'Seaghdha Conall
Published: June 2022

Chronic fluid overload is associated with morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Optimizing the diagnosis and treatment of fluid overload remains a priority for the nephrology community. Although current methods of assessing fluid status, such as bioimpedance and lung ultrasound, have prognostic and diagnostic value, no single system or technique can be used to maintain euvolemia. The difficulty in maintaining and assessing fluid status led to a publication by the Kidney Health Initiative in 2019 aimed at fostering innovation in fluid management therapies. This review article focuses on the current limitations in our assessment of extracellular volume, and the novel technology and methods that can create a new paradigm for fluid management. The cardiology community has published research on multiparametric wearable devices that can create individualized predictions for heart failure events. In the future, similar wearable technology may be capable of tracking fluid changes during the interdialytic period and enabling behavioral change. Machine learning methods have shown promise in the prediction of volume‐related adverse events. Similar methods can be leveraged to create accurate, automated predictions of dry weight that can potentially be used to guide ultrafiltration targets and interdialytic weight gain goals.