bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nomenclatural clarification on some Southern African monkey beetle genera (Scarabaeidae: Hopliini: Pachycnemina)
Authors: CUPELLO MARIO , RIBEIRO-COSTA CIBELE STRAMARE
Published: January 2019

After an extensive revision of the literature, we come to the following conclusions concerning the nomenclature of Southern African monkey beetles of the subtribe Pachycnemina: firstly, the current usage of the nominal subgenus Pachycnemula Schein, 1959 for a subgenus taxon different from Pachycnema s. str. Le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau & Audinet-Serville, 1828 is incorrect since both names share the same type species—Melolontha crassipes Fabricius, 1775—and are therefore objective synonyms. Hence, here we invalidate Pachycnemula and establish the new nominal subgenus Macacoplia Cupello & Ribeiro-Costa to denote the subgenus taxon currently known as Pachycnema (Pachycnemula). Secondly, we discuss the different spellings of the nominal genus Lepithrix Le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau & Audinet-Serville, 1828, which was originally established as Lepitrix but emended to Lepithrix in 1913 by Dalla Torre. Although originally an unjustified emendation, the Lepithrix spelling is currently in prevailing usage and therefore should be deemed a justified emendation according to Article 33.2.3.1 of the current edition of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. That being so, it becomes necessary to acknowledge the homonymy between Lepithrix Le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau & Audinet-Serville and its junior homonym Lepithrix Neitner, 1857, current junior synonym of Loxoncus Schmidt-Göbel, 1846 (Carabidae: Harpalinae: Harpalini: Stenolophina).
This Bridge Feels Like a Tightrope: For Critical Scholars Who Engage in Policy Research
Authors: Jones Sosanya
Published: January 2019

There is a widespread belief among academic researchers and academic journal editors that policy audiences prefer positivist research, despite evidence that policy makers would prefer to see researchers engage more with case studies, historical analyses, and compelling voices. This belief inevitably shapes the culture of the educational policy research community and bleeds into the academic socialization of novice educational policy researchers. In this article, I use autoethnography to explore the methodological tensions I encountered as an untrained critical researcher participating in a postpositivist multicase research study that privileged large data sets, quantified qualitative findings, and entitled majority viewpoints. Through this exploration, I seek to advocate for deeper reflexivity and transparency among qualitative researchers who encounter moments of conflict and doubt in the research process. A list of recommendations for novice and seasoned educational policy researchers are provided.
Coaching Parents to Use Higher Level Questioning With Their Twice-Exceptional Children
Authors: Ritchotte Jennifer A. , Zaghlawan Hasan Y.
Published: January 2019

This study investigated the impact of training and coaching parents to use a higher level questioning strategy during shared reading time at home on the expressive language complexity of their young twice-exceptional children. Four parents were trained and coached to use higher level questions, based on the revised Bloom’s taxonomy, with their children in home settings during a shared reading routine. A single-case, multiple-probe design across participants was used to examine the parents’ ability to learn and implement the higher level questioning strategy during shared reading with their children and the impact this had on the complexity of their children’s expressive language. Results indicated that all parents were able to learn and implement the strategy, and the complexity of each child’s responses increased. Additionally, these findings were maintained over time and demonstrated that single-case research can be used with gifted student populations to establish causal relationships between interventions and meaningful outcomes.
The Impact of Head-Worn Displays on Strategic Alarm Management and Situation Awareness
Authors: Pascale Michael T. , Sanderson Penelope , Liu David , Mohamed Ismail , Brecknell Birgit , Loeb Robert G.
Published: January 2019

Objective:

To investigate whether head-worn displays (HWDs) help mobile participants make better alarm management decisions and achieve better situation awareness than alarms alone.

Background:

Patient alarms occur frequently in hospitals but often do not require clinical intervention. Clinicians may become desensitized to alarms and fail to respond to clinically relevant alarms. HWDs could make patient information continuously accessible, support situation awareness, and help clinicians prioritize alarms.

Method:

Experiment 1 ( n = 76) tested whether nonclinicians monitoring simulated patients benefited from vital sign information continuously displayed on an HWD while they performed a secondary calculation task. Experiment 2 ( n = 13) tested, across three separate experimental sessions, how effectively nursing trainees monitored simulated patients’ vital signs under three different display conditions while they assessed a simulated patient.

Results:

In Experiment 1, participants who had access to continuous patient information on an HWD responded to clinically important alarms 25.9% faster and were 6.7 times less likely to miss alarms compared to participants who only heard alarms. In Experiment 2, participants using an HWD answered situation awareness questions 18.9% more accurately overall than when they used alarms only. However, the effect was significant in only two of the three experimental sessions.

Conclusion:

HWDs may help users maintain continuous awareness of multiple remote processes without affecting their performance on ongoing tasks.

Application:

The outcomes may apply to contexts where access to continuous streams of information from remote locations is useful, such as patient monitoring or clinical supervision.
Balancing the scales: Custody deprivation and fostering in Iceland
Authors: Sigurjónsdóttir Hanna Björg , Harwick Robin , Rice James
Published: January 2019

In Iceland, disability receives disproportionate attention in custody deprivation investigations, while the long-term outcomes for children in fostering receive scant attention. Building on discourse analyses of custody deprivation cases, we call for greater understanding of how disability intersects with parenting and the need for an improved support system.
Welcoming refugee families: A qualitative study of 20 professionals’ views of resettlement of Syrian families in Iceland
Authors: Dubus Nicole
Published: January 2019

Concentrating on the largest refugee crisis in recent history, the need for countries to develop and implement resettlement programs has become imperative. This study’s focus is to understand the experience of professionals’ engagement with the program in Iceland. This is a qualitative study of the professional experiences of 20 providers. Consented audio-recorded interviews were transcribed, and thematically analyzed. The participants described available resources, expected familial needs, and a lack of cultural experts as challenges, but felt that their strengths were their development of service coordination via inter-departmental monthly meetings, and their approach to resettlement to include the needs of host communities as well.
Adult Education, Stratification, and Regime Change: Upgrading and Sidestepping in Russia, 1965–2005
Authors: Kosyakova Yuliya , Gerber Theodore P.
Published: January 2019

Adult education influences how labor market opportunities are structured in the later life course. We propose a theoretical framework for understanding the stratifying role of adult education resting on the distinction between two forms of adult education—upgrading and sidestepping: Resources, incentives, and selection processes systematically structure rates of participation. Using educational history data from Russia, we test hypotheses derived from our framework and examine the impact of the Soviet collapse and the ensuing economic recovery. Upgrading exacerbates patterns of socioeconomic stratification by delivering better credentials to individuals with higher levels of initial resources. Sidestepping is less common than upgrading and less related to socioeconomic origins and previous attainment. The Soviet collapse produced short-term declines in the rates of both upgrading and sidestepping. However, once growth resumed, market institutions proved durable, and the political regime stabilized, rates of upgrading soared to levels exceeding those of the Soviet era.
Fabrication of reinforced hydrophobic coatings for the protection of silk fabric
Authors: Zhao Suhua , He Ru , Zhang Xin , Zeng Weichen , Zhang Tianyi , Yu Weidong , Liu Hongling
Published: January 2019

The design of water-resistance and breathable materials applied to the protection of a historical silk textile has raised considerable interest for their highly practical potential. Thus, simple and functional composite coatings have been investigated and applied on Bombyx mori silk fabrics by spraying silk fibroin and a water soluble siloxane emulsion enriched with silica nanoparticles (12 nm). The layer of spraying silk fibroin on the surface of the silk fabric resulted in mesoscopic molecular network reconstruction by hydrogen bonds and crosslinking of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether to improve the physical property of the silk fabric. By systematically investigating silica composite treatment, it was found that the sample treated with silica composite coatings possessed a good hydrophobic property, in which the static contact angles increased from 43.27° to 145.77° for uncoated and coated samples, respectively. As determined by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analyses, hydrophobic components such as Si-O-Si, Si-O were successfully attached to the silk fabric. The scanning electron microscopy images and the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy map point distribution images showed that the coating of the silica composite forms a uniform nano-scale structure, which improved the waterproof and breathable performance. Compared with uncoated fabric, the silica composite treatment was endowed with enhanced air permeability of 446.47 mm/s. After the abrasion and washing cycles, high durability of the coated fabric was demonstrated. Excellent hydrophobic capability could help silk fabric avoid the destruction of any harmful pollutant, such as light, bacteria, sewage and so on. Furthermore, the proposed relationship between the adhesive structure and the waterproof/breathable property is applicable in the design of functional silk textiles with different levels for protective performance.
Rest and Victory in Revelation 14.13
Authors: Lee Chee-Chiew
Published: January 2019

Most commentators suggest that ‘rest from toil’ in Rev. 14.13 refers to relief from the enduring hardships of persecution. Based on the cultural and narrative contexts of the book of Revelation, it is argued in this study that this ‘rest’ reﬂects two Jewish traditions: (1) rest from work and (2) rest from enemies. It also proposes that ‘rest from toil’ also carries a strong connotation of victory over persecutors – a reading with important implications for understanding John’s rhetorical strategy of increasing the motivation for his readers/hearers to remain faithful to Christ, even when facing death.
Drainage and sewage system performance – Consequences of reductions in toilet flush volume
Authors: Valencio Isabella P , Gonçalves Orestes M
Published: January 2019

This study aims to evaluate impacts of reducing toilet flush volume from 6.8 to 4.8 Lpf with laboratory and field studies. In laboratory, 260 tests were performed including water consumption, waste removal and solid transport tests, in 20 different toilets produced by national and international manufacturers. These tests demonstrated that a simple reduction in flush tank water level was not a viable solution for reducing flush volume, due to flush energy loss. Toilets are designed to work with certain water volume, and reducing this volume without studying the consequences that this could cause, can make with the toilet fail. Toilets approved according the standards ABNT NBR15097, ABNT NBR15491 and ASMEA112.19.2 were installed in 10 houses. The monitoring of water consumption and sewage system videos were conducted during eight months. When 6.8-Lpf toilets were installed, the average toilet water consumption was 16.6L/inhabitant/day. For 4.8-Lpf toilets, this value increased to 17.6. The number of flushes/person/day increased after toilets replacement, indicating that users applied successive flushes. Videos showed blockages in sewage system horizontal pipes. Findings from this study suggest that low-flush toilets do not decrease total water use, and may result in increased water use. In addition, they can cause clogging and solid deposit on sewage system.

Practical application: Many management failures have affected the world water availability. Water demand has increased with population growth, and unless the equilibrium between water demand and supply is restored, the world will face increasing water shortage. However, it is essential to study the way of reducing water consumption. Without an effective analysis, instead of bringing benefits to population, water consumption reduction can lead to clogging and negative consequences on sewage system performance, causing disorder to them. It is recommended that manufacturers did not reduce the toilet water consumption without a study on the impact caused on the sewage systems, as well as designers should be careful when specifying sanitary appliances.
Parents’ Experience When Present During a Child’s Resuscitation: An Integrative Review
Authors: Stewart Stephanie A.
Published: January 2019

Understanding perceptions of parents is necessary to meet parents’ needs during a child’s resuscitation. Parent presence at pediatric resuscitations has been slow to become consistent practice in all hospital settings and remains controversial. The purpose of this integrative review was to synthesize research on parents’ experience while present during a child’s resuscitation to improve understanding for health care providers and to facilitate application in practice. Nine studies met inclusion criteria, identifying four major themes. Parents experienced conflicting emotions, articulated a need for communication and support, reported that being physically present was comforting, and described their reactions to the experience. The available research on parents’ experience during presence at their child’s resuscitation offers a foundation for further detailed study. Further study is needed about parents’ perspective of support needed while present during a child’s resuscitation, as well as about any long-term effects of presence on parent stress and coping.
Effects of quadriceps muscle neuromuscular electrical stimulation in living donor liver transplant recipients: phase-II single-blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hanada Masatoshi , Soyama Akihiko , Hidaka Masaaki , Nagura Hiroki , Oikawa Masato , Tsuji Ayumi , Kasawara Karina Tamy , Mathur Sunita , Reid W Darlene , Takatsuki Mitsuhisa , Eguchi Susumu , Kozu Ryo
Published: January 2019

Objective:

To evaluate the efficacy of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on quadriceps muscle strength and thickness in liver transplantation patients.

Design:

Phase-II, randomized, parallel-group, allocation-concealed, assessor-blinded, single-center controlled trial.

Setting:

Inpatient rehabilitation sector.

Subjects:

Patients following living donor liver transplantation.

Interventions:

The quadriceps muscle stimulation and the control groups received bilateral muscle electrical stimulation on the quadriceps and tibialis anterior muscles, respectively. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation sessions in both groups were conducted for 30 minutes per session, once per day for five weekdays over four weeks by a physical therapist.

Main measures:

Quadriceps muscle strength and quadriceps muscle thickness.

Results:

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation was applied to the quadriceps muscles group ( n = 23) or the tibialis anterior muscle in the control group ( n = 22). The decrease in quadriceps muscle thickness differed significantly between both groups on postoperative day 30 (median −3 vs −8, P < 0.01). The changes in predicted quadriceps strength and 6 minutes walking distance were not significantly different between groups (quadriceps strength median −12% vs −5%, P = 0.40; 6 minutes walking distance median −18 vs −21 m, P = 0.74).

Conclusion:

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the quadriceps muscle for liver transplantation recipients was able to maintain the quadriceps muscle thickness after surgery. Future larger scale studies are needed to consider the effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and how to incorporate this intervention in the overall strategy of the physical therapy program.
Motives Behind Cyberbullying Perpetration: A Test of Uses and Gratifications Theory
Authors: Tanrikulu Ibrahim , Erdur-Baker Özgür
Published: January 2019

Drawing from Uses and Gratifications Theory (UGT), this study explored the interplay between personality traits (online disinhibition, moral disengagement, narcissism, and aggression) and cyberbullying perpetration motives (entertainment, revenge, harm, and dominance) through structural equation modeling. The participants were a convenience sample of 598 cyber bully-victims who were Turkish university students (229 females, 362 males, and seven unknown). The findings empirically supported UGT for conceptualization of cyberbullying perpetration. Almost half of the participants (49.7%) cyberbullied someone twice or more during the preceding 6 months, and males cyberbullied others significantly more than females. In terms of the structural interrelationships, (a) online disinhibition was the only personality trait related to cyberbullying others for entertainment; (b) moral disengagement and aggression were the two variables associated with the revenge motive of cyberbullying perpetration; (c) although online disinhibition was negatively related to cyberbullying others for harm, moral disengagement and aggression were positively linked to harm; and (d) moral disengagement and narcissism were the two personality trait variables associated with the dominance motive of cyberbullying perpetration. Results imply that UGT offers a new understanding about cyberbullying perpetration to researchers, theorists, and practitioners. Personality traits play an important role in cyberbullying perpetration motives and behaviors. Thus, personality traits should be considered in prevention and intervention efforts against cyberbullying. The earlier the personality characteristics of the young individuals are identified, the earlier they can be prevented from engaging in cyberbullying perpetration. Also, sports activities, social events, competitive contests, or leisure and recreational activities offered by university managements can help the university youth to keep away from cyberbullying perpetration and to satisfy motives in more appropriate ways.
Longitudinal–torsional ultrasonic vibration-assisted side milling process
Authors: Wu Chenjun , Chen Shijin , Xiao Caiwei , Cheng Kai , Ding Hui
Published: January 2019

In this paper, a longitudinal–torsional ultrasonic vibration-assisted side milling is investigated. Different from the continuous cutting process in conventional side milling, the longitudinal–torsional ultrasonic vibration milling process is high-frequency intermittent. The intermittent cutting process is caused by the helical trajectory of the cutting edge. A mathematical model is established to simulate the trajectory and then the high-frequency intermittent cutting process is analyzed based on the model. Spindle speed, helix angle of milling tool, and ultrasonic vibration amplitudes are found to be the factors that are responsible for the ultrasonic cutting effect. When the spindle speed is 1500 r/min and the helical angle of milling tool is 30°, ultrasonic vibration milling experiments have shown that the cutting force can be reduced by 45.8% in the x direction at the most, 27.6% in the y direction, and 48% in the z direction compared to conventional milling. The experimental results also show that the decrement of the cutting force decreases along with the increasing of the cutting speed and helical angle of milling tool due to the decrease of the uncutting time. However, the increasing of the vibration amplitude can increase the decrement.
Evaluation of thermal and solar performance in atrium buildings using sequential simulation
Authors: Ab Ghafar Norafida , Gadi Mohamed , Adam Mastura
Published: January 2019

Nowadays complex atrium design is becoming popular in city skylines that bring natural lighting to create more pleasant indoor environment. Atriums with complex skylight design and lack of knowledge in building thermal performance in relation to transmitted solar radiation through skylight contribute to greenhouse effect. This has imposed high-energy consumption for cooling load particularly in warm humid regions. In order to obtain good thermal performance of atrium with appropriate skylight design, scholars in atrium studies have suggested that designers should test, simulate and evaluate the thermal performance of atrium building at the early design stage. This paper aims to investigate thermal and solar performance of atrium skylight design in warm humid region. Three thermal analysis software with different capabilities in evaluating thermal and solar performance of skylight forms, positioning and orientation were utilized. Five types of atrium design were modelled and simulated using Ecotect, EnergyPlus and solar radiation simulation model. The results have revealed that different software has different capabilities in measuring thermal and solar performance in atrium skylight design. Each software was used sequentially to provide results in stages starting from verifying variables, identifying critical climatic regions, measuring initial and validating accurate energy use for heating and cooling load until amount of solar received on atrium roof surface, geometry and curvature been achieved. This research could guide designers and engineers to understand the capabilities and reliability of selected thermal and solar analysis software in simulating and evaluating atrium’s thermal and solar performance at early stage design in order to identify appropriate low energy atrium design.
Joint models of tumour size and lymph node spread for incident breast cancer cases in the presence of screening
Authors: Isheden Gabriel , Abrahamsson Linda , Andersson Therese , Czene Kamila , Humphreys Keith
Published: January 2019

Continuous growth models show great potential for analysing cancer screening data. We recently described such a model for studying breast cancer tumour growth based on modelling tumour size at diagnosis, as a function of screening history, detection mode, and relevant patient characteristics. In this article, we describe how the approach can be extended to jointly model tumour size and number of lymph node metastases at diagnosis. We propose a new class of lymph node spread models which are biologically motivated and describe how they can be extended to incorporate random effects to allow for heterogeneity in underlying rates of spread. Our final model provides a dramatically better fit to empirical data on 1860 incident breast cancer cases than models in current use. We validate our lymph node spread model on an independent data set consisting of 3961 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer.
A Population Study of Health Status Among Sexual Minority Older Adults in Select U.S. Geographic Regions
Authors: Dai Hongying , Meyer Ilan H.
Published: January 2019

Objective. This study seeks to examine the health disparities of sexual minority older adults. Method. We used a probability sample of adults older than 50 years in select U.S. regions from the 2014, 2015, and 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System with administration of the sexual orientation question ( n = 350,778). Binary and multinomial logistic regression models were performed to examine health disparities in general health conditions, lifetime chronic health conditions, limitations in activities, substance use, access to care and preventive health behaviors by sexual minority status (straight, gay/lesbian, bisexual, other, and nonresponse), stratified by sex (male vs. female) and age group (50-64 vs. 65+ years). Results. Compared with their straight peers, sexual minority older adults had disparities in some health outcomes, including a higher prevalence of depressive disorder and substance use. However, the disparities were not uniform across gender and age groups. Both men and women sexual minorities had some advantages as well, related to preventive health behaviors (e.g., HIV testing), as compared with their straight peers. Nonrespondents in sexual orientation generally had better health outcomes than their straight peers. Conclusions. This study identifies health disparities among subgroups of lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals older adults and highlights the need to assess variability related to gender, sexual identity, and age of this high-risk population.
“The Packaging Is Very Inviting and Makes Smokers Feel Like They’re More Safe”: The Meanings of Natural American Spirit Cigarette Pack Design to Adult Smokers
Authors: Epperson Anna E. , Averett Paige E. , Blanchflower Tiffany , Gregory Kyle R. , Lee Joseph G. L.
Published: January 2019

Background/Aims. The aim of this investigation was to identify which design elements on Natural American Spirit packs are salient to (i.e., noticed by) U.S. adult smokers and what meanings smokers derive from these elements. Method. We conducted a secondary analysis of qualitative data from a study of cigarette packaging design. U.S. adult smokers ( n = 33) from all nine census regions participated in six telephone-based focus groups in March 2017. We used constant comparison analysis to identify key themes. Results. Four themes were identified, two focused on salient design elements and two focused on design element meanings. The themes of “bright and flashy color” and “the American Indian logo” were identified as key design elements, while the themes of “healthy and safer” and “targeting at-risk smokers” were identified as meanings smokers derived from design elements. Conclusions. Pack design elements influence smokers’ perceptions about reduced health risk of Natural American Spirit cigarettes and may be especially dangerous to vulnerable populations, including young adults and American Indians. Findings from this study suggest that the banning of text descriptors may not be enough to address misconceptions about “healthier” cigarettes.
Evaluation of XcalableACC with tightly coupled accelerators/InfiniBand hybrid communication on accelerated cluster
Authors: Nakao Masahiro , Odajima Tetsuya , Murai Hitoshi , Tabuchi Akihiro , Fujita Norihisa , Hanawa Toshihiro , Boku Taisuke , Sato Mitsuhisa
Published: January 2019

Accelerated clusters, which are cluster systems equipped with accelerators, are one of the most common systems in parallel computing. In order to exploit the performance of such systems, it is important to reduce communication latency between accelerator memories. In addition, there is also a need for a programming language that facilitates the maintenance of high performance by such systems. The goal of the present article is to evaluate XcalableACC (XACC), a parallel programming language, with tightly coupled accelerators/InfiniBand (TCAs/IB) hybrid communication on an accelerated cluster. TCA/IB hybrid communication is a combination of low-latency communication with TCA and high bandwidth with IB. The XACC language, which is a directive-based language for accelerated clusters, enables programmers to use TCA/IB hybrid communication with ease. In order to evaluate the performance of XACC with TCA/IB hybrid communication, we implemented the lattice quantum chromodynamics (LQCD) mini-application and evaluated the application on our accelerated cluster using up to 64 compute nodes. We also implemented the LQCD mini-application using a combination of CUDA and MPI (CUDA + MPI) and that of OpenACC and MPI (OpenACC + MPI) for comparison with XACC. Performance evaluation revealed that the performance of XACC with TCA/IB hybrid communication is 9% better than that of CUDA + MPI and 18% better than that of OpenACC + MPI. Furthermore, the performance of XACC was found to further increase by 7% by new expansion to XACC. Productivity evaluation revealed that XACC requires much less change from the serial LQCD code to implement the parallel LQCD code than CUDA + MPI and OpenACC + MPI. Moreover, since XACC can perform parallelization while maintaining the sequential code image, XACC is highly readable and shows excellent portability due to its directive-based approach.
Threats to embodied well-being: An exploration of how disabled people negotiate barriers in hospital settings
Authors: Bailey Ruth , Lowton Karen , Scambler Sasha
Published: January 2019

Taking a social model of disability approach, this article explores how disabled people negotiate barriers in the large, modern hospital settings typically found in complex healthcare systems. While there is evidence of intractable barriers in the United Kingdom’s National Health Service, little is known about the actions disabled people take in the face of barriers and the immediate effects of doing so. Analysis of data from a qualitative study of disabled people’s healthcare encounters is presented. This draws on the concept of threats to embodied well-being to understand how disabled people perceive barriers and the influence this perception has on barrier negotiation. It demonstrates that some barriers are unique to healthcare and that these place disabled people in situations where their well-being is threatened. Despite these situations being inherently disempowering, disabled people are forced to take whatever action they can to protect the embodied self. We theorise that barriers are created inadvertently by the design, organisation and healthcare practices characteristics of modern hospital settings. Effective barrier removal requires understanding not only their impact on disabled people’s embodied well-being, but also the political, policy and social relations implicated in their creation.
Using an interactive communication tool in healthcare situations: Patterns in young children’s use of participation cues
Authors: Stålberg Anna , Sandberg Anette , Coyne Imelda , Larsson Thomas , Söderbäck Maja
Published: January 2019

This study forms part of a larger project about developing and using interactive technology to facilitate young children’s participation in healthcare situations. Children’s participation in these situations improves their motivation and situated understanding. Likewise, their participation helps professionals to more fully understand the child’s perspective. In the project, an interactive communication tool, that is, an application suitable for tablet use, was developed with children, aged three to five, in two clinical settings. When tested, the children’s participation cues, identified from video recordings of healthcare situations, were understood as having curious, thoughtful or affirmative meanings. This study aimed to investigate the similarities and differences in the young children’s use of participation cues when using an interactive communication tool in healthcare situations. A secondary analysis of the identified cues was performed focusing on age, setting and examination or procedure. In total, 2167 cues were identified representing either curious, thoughtful or affirmative cues. The curious cues were mainly used (66%), followed by thoughtful (28%) and affirmative (6%) cues. Differences in cue usage were seen in relation to the children’s age and setting. Knowing how children may react to common healthcare procedures may help increase healthcare professionals’ awareness of the need to support children in an individual and situational way.
Low energy small solutions of systems of Kirchhoff-type equations on RN
Authors: Zhou Xingwei , Yao Li
Published: January 2019

Low energy-induced vibration has been ignored, which, however, might lead to damage of a structure. The main purpose of this paper is to study the low energy small solution sequence of systems of Kirchhoff-type equations by the variational approaches. Our result shows that the low energy vibration can be controlled by setting the parameters and this can be used for optimization of structures under small perturbations, e.g. the bridge vibration under winds.
Inequalities in the social use of the Internet of things: A capital and skills perspective
Authors: van der Zeeuw Alex , van Deursen Alexander JAM , Jansen Giedo
Published: January 2019

In this article, we set out to explain different types of social uses of the Internet of Things (IoT) using forms of capital and Internet skills. We argue that the IoT platform entices different manners of social communication that are easily overlooked when focusing on the novelty of smart “things.” How people use the IoT socially is crucial in trying to understand how people create, maintain, or absolve social relations in a networked society. We find inversed effects for social capital, income and education on private use, and on sharing IoT data with a partner. Sharing with acquaintances and strangers is predicted by cultural activities. Sharing IoT data with acquaintances can especially be attributed to social relations that escape the immediate household. We conclude that varying figurations of capital and Internet skills predict how the IoT is used socially.
House, bells and bliss? A longitudinal analysis of conventional aspirations and the process of desistance
Authors: Doekhie Jennifer , Van Ginneken Esther
Published: January 2019

Various studies have pointed to identity change and cognitive transformation as important predictors of desistance. Yet, even persistent offenders have conventional aspirations, which include a job, a house and a family. This article examines the development of conventional aspirations of 23 Dutch (ex-)prisoners using qualitative longitudinal data. Findings show no association between conventional aspirations and desistance as both desisters and persisters expressed conventional goals (‘house, bells and bliss’). A lack of substance and detailed scripts to flesh out the essence of the desired conventional roles meant it could be difficult to turn vague ideals into concrete action pathways. Finally, conventional aspirations and criminal lifestyles were not mutually exclusive; some of the persistent offenders used criminal pathways to fulfil conventional roles.
Progressive damage modelling and experimental investigation of three-dimensional orthogonal woven composites with tilted binder
Authors: Tao Wei , Zhu Ping , Wang Di , Zhao Changhu , Liu Zhao
Published: January 2019

This paper investigates the tensile properties of 3D orthogonal woven carbon fiber composites with tilted binder by experiment and simulation. The tensile failure strain and fracture mode of this composite show distinguished discrepancy with idealized 3D orthogonal woven composites experimentally. In order to explain this specific failure mechanism, a unit cell finite element model incorporated with damage models of constituents is established to reproduce the damage initiation and propagation of 3D orthogonal woven composites with tilted binder during tensile test. A three-dimensional failure criterion based on Hashin's criterion and Pinho's criterion is utilized to describe the progressive damage of yarns, while the non-linear behavior of the matrix is predicted by Drucker-Prager yield criterion. Besides, a traction-separation law is applied to predict the damage of yarn-matrix interface. The proposed unit cell model is correlated and validated by global stress–strain curves, DIC full-field strain distributions and modulus history curve. The damage evolution process of 3D orthogonal woven carbon fiber composites with tilted binder, including fiber tow failure, matrix cracking, and interfacial debonding, is recorded and investigated by the modulus history curve from simulation.
PET Imaging of Hepatocellular Carcinomas: 18F-Fluoropropionic Acid as a Complementary Radiotracer for 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose
Authors: Zhao Jing , Zhang Zhanwen , Nie Dahong , Ma Hui , Yuan Gongjun , Su Shu , Liu Shaoyu , Liu Sheng , Tang Ganghua
Published: January 2019

Objective:

To evaluate the preclinical value of 18F-fluoropropionic acid (18F-FPA) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) for imaging HCCs.

Methods:

The 18F-FPA and 18F-FDG uptake patterns in 3 HCC cell lines (Hep3B, HepG2, and SK-Hep1) were assessed in vitro and in vivo. The 18F-FPA uptake mechanism was investigated using inhibition experiments with orlistat and 5-tetradecyloxy-2-furoic acid. The 18F-FPA PET imaging was performed in different tumor animal models and compared with 18F-FDG. We also evaluated the expressions of glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) in these cell lines.

Results:

In vitro experiments showed that the radiotracer uptake patterns were complementary in the HCC cell lines. Orlistat and 5-tetradecyloxy-2-furoic acid decreased the uptake of 18F-FPA. The tumor-to-liver ratio of 18F-FPA was superior to that of 18F-FDG in the SK-Hep1 and HepG2 tumors ( P < .05). However, in the Hep3B tumors, the tumor-to-liver normalized uptake of 18F-FDG was higher than 18F-FPA ( P < .01). FASN was highly expressed in cell lines with high 18F-FPA uptake, whereas GLUT1 was highly expressed in cell lines with high 18F-FDG uptake. The 18F-FPA uptake correlated with FASN ( r = 0.89, P = .014) and MMP2 ( r = 0.77, P = .002) expressions.

Conclusions:

PET imaging with 18F-FPA combined with 18F-FDG can be an alternative for detecting HCC.
“The War Still Continues,” Part II: The Importance of Positive Validation for Undocumented Students One Year After Trump’s Presidential Victory
Authors: Andrade Luis M.
Published: January 2019

During the 2016 campaign, President Trump promised to establish numerous anti-immigration policies, which heightened undocumented students’ fears and anxieties. The present longitudinal qualitative study investigated seven undocumented students’ socioemotional states and whether administrators and educators provided sustained positive validation in light of Trump’s policies a year later. Findings revealed that students faced similar or heightened, negative emotional states and, although some positive validation occurred, new support services are needed.
Isolated Thoracic Aortic Takayasu Arteritis Presenting as Presumed Mobile Aortic Thrombus
Authors: Mirza Aleem K. , Saran Nishant , Warrington Kenneth J. , Pochettino Alberto , Shuja Fahad
Published: January 2019

Isolated aortic mural thrombus (AMT) is an infrequent occurrence in the setting of an otherwise normal aorta and is a similarly rare occurrence in Takayasu arteritis (TAK). As such, consensus on optimal treatment strategy does not exist, however, invariably necessitates anticoagulation. We report a case of a 21-year-old female who presented with acute chest pain with an isolated descending thoracic AMT on imaging. Diagnosis was elusive after an exhaustive, multidisciplinary evaluation including structural, hypercoagulable, and rheumatologic etiologies. After hypertension control and anticoagulation, she was asymptomatic without embolic sequelae. We proceeded with thoracic aortic resection with interposition reconstruction for the dual function of treatment and definitive diagnosis revealing TAK. This demonstrates a curious presentation of TAK with an equally atypical complication managed with surgery.
Tunneled Ipsilateral Sheath: A Novel Technique in Endovascular Management of Superficial Femoral Artery Ostial Lesions
Authors: EL-Maadawy Mohamed I. , Balboula Ahmed M. , Zaghloul Hossam
Published: January 2019

Ostial lesions of the superficial femoral artery preclude the use of ipsilateral common femoral artery antegrade approach. Access via either the contralateral common femoral or the brachial arteries are the 2 alternative classical approaches. Conversely, using an ipsilateral antegrade approach, through a partially inserted sheath, usually leaves the sheath insecure and frequently hits ostial lesion itself during insertion. Dislodgment from the artery frequently occurs, resulting in loss of access. We describe a technique whereby we insert 2 to 3 cm of the sheath into the common femoral artery and the remaining part of the sheath resides in a fashioned subcutaneous tunnel of the lowermost abdomen. Technical details are provided as well as the results of using this technique on 37 patients. The technique is safe, easy to perform, and reproducible.
An improved method to determine basic probability assignment with interval number and its application in classification
Authors: Qin Bowen , Xiao Fuyuan
Published: January 2019

Due to its efficiency to handle uncertain information, Dempster–Shafer evidence theory has become the most important tool in many information fusion systems. However, how to determine basic probability assignment, which is the first step in evidence theory, is still an open issue. In this article, a new method integrating interval number theory and k-means++ cluster method is proposed to determine basic probability assignment. At first, k-means++ clustering method is used to calculate lower and upper bound values of interval number with training data. Then, the differentiation degree based on distance and similarity of interval number between the test sample and constructed models are defined to generate basic probability assignment. Finally, Dempster’s combination rule is used to combine multiple basic probability assignments to get the final basic probability assignment. The experiments on Iris data set that is widely used in classification problem illustrated that the proposed method is effective in determining basic probability assignment and classification problem, and the proposed method shows more accurate results in which the classification accuracy reaches 96.7%.
Design and mechanical behavior study of ultrahigh-torque variable pitch casing joint
Authors: Dong Liangliang , Wang Jing , Zhu Xiaohua
Published: January 2019

The top drive for casing running system can effectively avoid borehole neck down and sticking, reducing construction period by about 50%. However, the casing will bear higher torque load, and the casing joint threads can meet the bearing performance, which have a critical impact on casing running and the life of oil and gas wells. Variable pitch can reduce thread stress concentration and improve load-bearing strength. Lacking research on mechanical behavior has greatly restricted the development of variable pitch thread. This article generated a variable pitch casing joint thread helix forming method and control equation; designed an ultrahigh-torque variable pitch casing joint thread based on the theory of screw transformation matrix; established a three-dimensional finite element model of the variable pitch casing joint; optimized the main structure parameters with the judgment of torque-bearing capacity; and conducted parameter-sensitivity evaluation of guide surface angle, bearing surface angle, pitch of box thread, and amount of varying pitch under tension load, compression load, bending load, and torque load. The designed variable pitch casing joint had been successfully used in several top driving casing running wells, downed to the maximum depth of 4375 m, the largest hole deviation angle of 55.37° and horizontal section length of about 260 m. Under a torque of 4000 N m, the top drive rotated down into the gas well successfully without failure. The research work of this article has significance on variable pitch thread and enhances the bearing capacity of the thread.
Trainer and support staff’s experiences of engaging with the Who’s Challenging Who? challenging behaviour training course
Authors: Flynn Samantha , Hastings Richard P , Gillespie David , McNamara Rachel , Randell Elizabeth
Published: January 2019

Background:

The Who’s Challenging Who? (WCW) training is coproduced and delivered by people with intellectual disabilities (IDs), and it aims to improve staff empathy for people with challenging behaviour (CB). This study qualitatively describes trainees’ and trainers’ experiences of the WCW.

Methods:

Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with managers ( n = 7), support staff ( n = 6) and the WCW trainers ( n = 4; three had IDs). Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis.

Results:

Two cross-cutting themes were drawn from the data: (1) valued roles of the trainers, whereby trainers and trainees benefited from the training being coproduced and delivered by people with IDs, and (2) beyond the training, within which trainees reported that they were engaging in increased reflection about their past and current practice.

Conclusions:

Being trained by people with IDs and CB appears to be a useful method, which can lead to perspective taking and reflection about supporting people with IDs and CB.
Remarkable similarities in four list theories of a good life for people with intellectual disability
Authors: Elks Martin A
Published: January 2019

A good life is the ultimate goal of a number of theories and approaches to providing supports and services for people with intellectual disability. This article examines four list theories of a good life for people with intellectual disability. Twelve themes of a good life were identified using a basic or conventional content analysis: higher meaning and purpose, respect, rights, social inclusion and belonging, close relationships, contribution, voice and choice, emotional well-being, growth and development, home, materiality, and health. Remarkable similarities in items between these four list theories suggest a broad underlying consensus as to the basic elements a good life for people with intellectual disability.
Estimation of stochastic behaviour in cardiac myocytes: I. Ca2+ movements inside the cytosol and sarcoplasmic reticulum on curvilinear domains
Authors: Arif Serife , Lai Choi-Hong , Ramesh Nadarajah I
Published: January 2019

Background

Since the discovery of Ca2+ sparks and their stochastic behaviour in cardiac myocytes, models have focused on the inclusion of stochasticity in their studies. While most models pay much attention to the stochastic modelling of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration the coupling of Ca2+ sparks and blinks in a stochastic model has not been explored fully. The cell morphology in in silico studies in the past is assumed to be Cartesian, spherical or cylindrical. The application on curvilinear grids can easily address certain restrictions posed by such grid set up and provide more realistic cell morphology. In this paper, we present a stochastic reaction–diffusion model that couples Ca2+ sparks and blinks in realistic shapes of cells in curvilinear domains. Methodology: Transformation of the model was performed to the curvilinear coordinate system. The set of equations is used to produce Ca2+ waves initiated from sparks and blinks. A non-buffered and non-dyed version as well as a buffered and dyed version of these equations were studied in light of observing the dynamics on the two different systems. For comparison, results for both the Cartesian and curvilinear grids are provided. Results and conclusions: A successful demonstration of the application of curvilinear grids serving as basis for future developments.