bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive care: a protocol for a computational ethnographic approach to building fair models of inpatient violence in emergency psychiatry
Authors: Sikstrom Laura , Maslej Marta M , Findlay Zoe , Strudwick Gillian , Hui Katrina , Zaheer Juveria , Hill Sean L , Buchman Daniel Z
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Managing violence or aggression is an ongoing challenge in emergency psychiatry. Many patients identified as being at risk do not go on to become violent or aggressive. Efforts to automate the assessment of risk involve training machine learning (ML) models on data from electronic health records (EHRs) to predict these behaviours. However, no studies to date have examined which patient groups may be over-represented in false positive predictions, despite evidence of social and clinical biases that may lead to higher perceptions of risk in patients defined by intersecting features (eg, race, gender). Because risk assessment can impact psychiatric care (eg, via coercive measures, such as restraints), it is unclear which patients might be underserved or harmed by the application of ML.

Methods and analysis

We pilot a computational ethnography to study how the integration of ML into risk assessment might impact acute psychiatric care, with a focus on how EHR data is compiled and used to predict a risk of violence or aggression. Our objectives include: (1) evaluating an ML model trained on psychiatric EHRs to predict violent or aggressive incidents for intersectional bias; and (2) completing participant observation and qualitative interviews in an emergency psychiatric setting to explore how social, clinical and structural biases are encoded in the training data. Our overall aim is to study the impact of ML applications in acute psychiatry on marginalised and underserved patient groups.

Ethics and dissemination

The project was approved by the research ethics board at The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (053/2021). Study findings will be presented in peer-reviewed journals, conferences and shared with service users and providers.
Enhancing a Three-Mass Vehicle Model with Wheel-Size Effect for Scanning Bridge Frequencies
Authors: Yang Judy P. , Feng Ting-Yu
Published: April 2023

An advanced miniature vehicle model is proposed by incorporating size of two wheels in a three-mass vehicle model to consider the offset of contact points due to the presence of pavement irregularity. In this proposed vehicle–bridge system, each wheel has its own dimension in addition to the mass related to the degree-of-freedom while it is assumed to be rigid. In the theoretical formulation, the real contact points and contact displacements turn to be unknown parameters. As such, a numerical framework is established by proposing a procedure in the time integration scheme to determine these parameters and deriving explicit coding structure to locate the two wheels on the bridge during simulation. The parametric study investigates the size effect of wheels, effect of vehicle damping, and pitching effect as a result of wheel size on the identification of frequencies. The results show that using larger wheels leads to smaller dynamic responses of the bridge and smaller vertical responses of the vehicle by the present vehicle model. Furthermore, higher accuracy is observed in the proposed vehicle model in comparison with the traditional three-mass vehicle model. The first three bridge frequencies can be identified distinctly under the most severe pavement irregularity.
Green Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles UsingLuffa cylindricaand its Biocompatibility Studies for Potential Biomedical Applications
Authors: Soni Muskan , Gayathri R. , Sankaran Kavitha , Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya , Francis Arul Prakash
Published: April 2023

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), due to their unique properties, have attracted researchers’ attention. Though SeNPs have been used for wide applications, the chemically synthesized one lacks stability due to aggregation, and it releases toxic byproducts. These drawbacks can be overcome by producing SeNPs using natural sources as reducing and capping agents. Luffa cylindrica is an immense source of phytochemical compounds reported for its potential therapeutical value towards cancer, asthma, and sinusitis. In the current study, we have synthesized SeNPs using leaf extract of L. cylindrica and evaluated its biocompatibility and haemocompatibility using peripheral blood mononuclear cells and erythrocytes respectively. The formation of SeNPs was confirmed by a color change from greenish yellow to ruby red during 6 h incubation at 40[Formula: see text]C and further confirmed by the maximum absorbance at 266[Formula: see text]nm and 380[Formula: see text]nm in the UV–Vis spectrum. The fingerprint regions of the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum between 1500[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] and 500[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] revealed the presence of phytoconstituents of L. cylindrica. The particle size analysis showed a size range of 100[Formula: see text]nm and zeta potential of −13.6 mV. Scanning electron micrograph showed flower-shaped surface morphology with a size range of 100[Formula: see text]nm. The erythrocytes treated with higher concentrations of LC-SeNPs showed less than 5% lysis compared to the positive control. Similarly, in the apoptosis assay, 80.45% of cells remained viable after being treated with LC-SeNPs, which is comparable with that of untreated control. Since the synthesized SeNPs possess biocompatibility and are less cytotoxic, they could be used in cardiac tissue engineering applications. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to confirm its role in cardiac tissue engineering.
Finite Element Analysis of the Mechanical Strength of Phalangeal Osteosynthesis Using Kirschner Wires
Authors: HAYASHI Yukinori , AJIKI Takashi , TAKAHASHI Tsuneari , ENDO Teruaki , TAKESHITA Katsushi
Published: April 2023

Background: Kirschner wire (K-wire) fixation is widely used to repair metacarpal and phalangeal fractures. In this study, we simulated K-wire osteosynthesis of a 3-dimensional (3D) phalangeal fracture model and investigated the fixation strength at various K-wire diameters and insertion angles to clarify the optimal K-wire fixation method for phalangeal fractures.

Methods: The 3D phalangeal fracture models were created by using computed tomographic (CT) images of the proximal phalanx of the middle finger in five young healthy volunteers and five elderly osteoporotic patients. Two elongated cylinders representing K-wires were inserted according to various cross-pinning methods; the wire diameters were 1.0, 1.2, 1.5 and 1.8 mm, and the wire insertion angles (i.e. the angle between the fracture line and the K-wire) were 30°, 45° and 60°. The mechanical strength of the K-wire fixed fracture model was investigated by using finite element analysis (FEA).

Results: The fixation strength increased with increasing wire diameter and insertion angle. Insertion of 1.8-mm wires at 60° achieved the strongest fixation force in this series. Fixation strength was generally stronger in the younger group than the elderly group. Dispersion of stress to cortical bone was a critical factor to increase fixation strength.

Conclusions: We developed a 3D phalangeal fracture model into which we inserted K-wires; using FEA, we clarified the optimal crossed K-wire fixation method for phalangeal fractures.

Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Persian Fixation – A Novel Surgical Method for Intra-articular Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: FALLAH Yousef , ZOHRABI Kian , SHARIYATE Mohammad Javad
Published: April 2023

Background: Intra-articular distal radius fracture treatment options include Kirschner wires (K-wire) fixation, external fixation and plate fixation, however, fixation of small bone fragments in distal radius fractures in a secure and anatomical manner was a challenging issue with several limitations. In this study, we present a novel surgical method that we have called the Persian Fixation for intra-articular distal radius fracture and describe a short-term clinical result.

Methods: We described the surgical procedure and clinical result of 15 patients between 2019 and 2020 in whom the Persian Fixation technique was utilised. Through clinical examination and questionnaires, objective and subjective clinical results were determined.

Results: At the final follow-up, the mean Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (Quick-DASH) score for our patients was 17.6 ± 12.1, the mean WOrk-Related Questionnaire for UPper extremity disorders (WORQ-UP) score was 20.7 ± 4.4 and the mean Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score was 27.8 ± 16.5, indicating a good to excellent clinical result.

Conclusions: We recommended the Persian Fixation technique for intra-articular distal radius fractures, which is a low-cost and readily accessible procedure that provides stable fixation of a tiny bone piece.

Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)
Knotless Tendon Repair with a Resorbable Barbed Suture: An In-vivo Comparison in the Turkey Foot
Authors: PELTZ Tim S. , MCMAHON James E. , SCOUGALL Peter J. , GIANOUTSOS Mark P. , OLIVER Rema , WALSH William R.
Published: April 2023

Background: Un-knotted barbed suture constructs are postulated to decrease repair bulk and improve tension loading along the entire repair site resulting in beneficial biomechanical repair properties. Applying this repair technique to tendons has shown good results in ex-vivo experiments previously but thus far no in-vivo study could confirm these. Therefore, this current study was conducted to assess the value of un-knotted barbed suture repairs in the primary repair of flexor tendons in an in-vivo setting.

Methods: Two groups of 10 turkeys (Meleagris gallapovos) were used. All turkeys underwent surgical zone II flexor tendon laceration repairs. In group one, tendons were repaired using a traditional four-strand cross-locked cruciate (Adelaide) repair, while in group two, a four-strand knotless barbed suture 3D repair was used. Postoperatively repaired digits were casted in functional position, and animals were left free to mobilise and full weight bear, resembling a high-tension post-op rehabilitation protocol. Surgeries and rehabilitations went uneventful and no major complications were noted. The turkeys were monitored for 6 weeks before the repairs were re-examined and assessed against several outcomes, such as failure rate, repair bulk, range of motion, adhesion formation and biomechanical stability.

Results: In this high-tension in-vivo tendon repair experiment, traditionally repaired tendons performed significantly better when comparing absolute failure rates and repair stability after 6 weeks. Nevertheless, the knotless barbed suture repairs that remained intact demonstrated benefits in all other outcome measures, including repair bulk, range of motion, adhesion formation and operating time.

Conclusions: Previously demonstrated ex-vivo benefits of flexor tendon repairs with resorbable barbed sutures may not be applicable in an in-vivo setting due to significant difference in repair stability and failure rates.

Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)
What even is a meandering river? A philosophy-enhanced synthesis of multilevel causes and systemic interactions contributing to river meandering
Authors: Kleinhans Maarten G. , McMahon William J. , Davies Neil S.
Published: April 2023

Despite creating one of Earth's most iconic landforms, and having been studied since antiquity, river meandering is currently explained by several alternative models that remain debated. This is partly because observers have deconstructed meanders to a set of properties thought to be fundamental or significant for meandering, but each of these underpinning properties is itself complex and in turn requires analysis of its causes and mechanisms. This philosophical contribution aims to provide a perspective on the state of the science that makes a rigorous interrogation into what ‘causation’ actually means, and explores what a systems perspective can elucidate about meandering phenomena. We approach the problem through a discussion of the variety of ways in which previous researchers have tackled the problem of meandering, from a channel and floodplain perspective, on Earth and Mars, in the field and laboratory, and at the present day through to the ancient stratigraphic record. It is evident that river meandering has numerous causal pathways rather than a single set of necessary and sufficient conditions. A systemic view on the evolution of plant species shows that their feedbacks on river pattern likewise have several pathways. Employing the conceptual apparatus of the philosophy of science will move us towards a more consensual synthesis of river meandering.
Modelling shear stress distribution in ice-covered streams
Authors: Koyuncu Berkay , Le Trung Bao
Published: April 2023

Distribution of bed shear stress is the critical factor in regulating the meandering of single-thread rivers. However, the impact of ice cover on bed shear stress is largely unknown. In this study, we develop a theoretical model of cross-stream momentum balance to examine the distribution of bed shear stresses in ice-covered meandering rivers. To validate the theoretical model, field surveys were carried out in a river reach of the Red River in Fargo, North Dakota. Data monitoring was completed using an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler to obtain time-averaged velocity profiles. Our theoretical model indicates that an ice covering develops high-shear zones near both the inner and outer banks, which might exacerbate sediment transport and enhance bank erosion. Velocity measurements confirm the results of the proposed model and demonstrate a clear impact of meandering river banks on velocity profiles and secondary flow patterns under ice cover. Based on our results, we hypothesize that ice cover increases turbulent stresses near banks, which in turn lead to the enhancement of the bed shear stress. Our work provides new insights into the impact of ice cover on bed shear stress distribution, which could play an important role in driving sediment-transport processes and the long-term morphodynamic evolution of meandering rivers seasonally covered by ice.
Origin and Heterogeneity of Tissue Myeloid Cells: A Focus on GMP-Derived Monocytes and Neutrophils
Authors: Ng Lai Guan , Liu Zhaoyuan , Kwok Immanuel , Ginhoux Florent
Published: April 2023

Myeloid cells are a significant proportion of leukocytes within tissues, comprising granulocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages. With the identification of various myeloid cells that perform separate but complementary functions during homeostasis and disease, our understanding of tissue myeloid cells has evolved significantly. Exciting findings from transcriptomics profiling and fate-mapping mouse models have facilitated the identification of their developmental origins, maturation, and tissue-specific specializations. This review highlights the current understanding of tissue myeloid cells and the contributing factors of functional heterogeneity to better comprehend the complex and dynamic immune interactions within the healthy or inflamed tissue. Specifically, we discuss the new understanding of the contributions of granulocyte-monocyte progenitor–derived phagocytes to tissue myeloid cell heterogeneity as well as the impact of niche-specific factors on monocyte and neutrophil phenotype and function. Lastly, we explore the developing paradigm of myeloid cell heterogeneity during inflammation and disease.
Modeling T Cell Fate
Authors: De Boer Rob J. , Yates Andrew J.
Published: April 2023

Many of the pathways that underlie the diversification of naive T cells into effector and memory subsets, and the maintenance of these populations, remain controversial. In recent years a variety of experimental tools have been developed that allow us to follow the fates of cells and their descendants. In this review we describe how mathematical models provide a natural language for describing the growth, loss, and differentiation of cell populations. By encoding mechanistic descriptions of cell behavior, models can help us interpret these new datasets and reveal the rules underpinning T cell fate decisions, both at steady state and during immune responses.
Interfering with Interferons: A Critical Mechanism for Critical COVID-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Su Helen C. , Jing Huie , Zhang Yu , Casanova Jean-Laurent
Published: April 2023

Infection with SARS-CoV-2 results in clinical outcomes ranging from silent or benign infection in most individuals to critical pneumonia and death in a few. Genetic studies in patients have established that critical cases can result from inborn errors of TLR3- or TLR7-dependent type I interferon immunity, or from preexisting autoantibodies neutralizing primarily IFN-α and/or IFN-ω. These findings are consistent with virological studies showing that multiple SARS-CoV-2 proteins interfere with pathways of induction of, or response to, type I interferons. They are also congruent with cellular studies and mouse models that found that type I interferons can limit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro and in vivo, while their absence or diminution unleashes viral growth. Collectively, these findings point to insufficient type I interferon during the first days of infection as a general mechanism underlying critical COVID-19 pneumonia, with implications for treatment and directions for future research.
Habitat Transition in the Evolution of Bacteria and Archaea
Authors: Jaffe Alexander L. , Castelle Cindy J. , Banfield Jillian F.
Published: April 2023

Related groups of microbes are widely distributed across Earth's habitats, implying numerous dispersal and adaptation events over evolutionary time. However, relatively little is known about the characteristics and mechanisms of these habitat transitions, particularly for populations that reside in animal microbiomes. Here, we review the literature concerning habitat transitions among a variety of bacterial and archaeal lineages, considering the frequency of migration events, potential environmental barriers, and mechanisms of adaptation to new physicochemical conditions, including the modification of protein inventories and other genomic characteristics. Cells dependent on microbial hosts, particularly bacteria from the Candidate Phyla Radiation, have undergone repeated habitat transitions from environmental sources into animal microbiomes. We compare their trajectories to those of both free-living cells—including the Melainabacteria, Elusimicrobia, and methanogenic archaea—and cellular endosymbionts and bacteriophages, which have made similar transitions. We conclude by highlighting major related topics that may be worthy of future study.
Impact of Apps as Assistive Devices for Visually Impaired Persons
Authors: Pundlik Shrinivas , Shivshanker Prerana , Luo Gang
Published: April 2023

The pervasiveness of mobile devices and other associated technologies has affected all aspects of our daily lives. People with visual impairments are no exception, as they increasingly tend to rely on mobile apps for assistance with various visual tasks in daily life. Compared to dedicated visual aids, mobile apps offer advantages such as affordability, versatility, portability, and ubiquity. We have surveyed hundreds of mobile apps of potential interest to people with vision impairments, either released as special assistive apps claiming to help in tasks such as text or object recognition ( n = 68), digital accessibility ( n = 84), navigation ( n = 44), and remote sighted service ( n = 4), among others, or marketed as general camera magnification apps that can be used for visual assistance ( n = 77). While assistive apps as a whole received positive feedback from visually impaired users, as reported in various studies, evaluations of the usability of every app were typically limited to user reviews, which are often not scientifically informative. Rigorous evaluation studies on the effect of vision assistance apps on daily task performance and quality of life are relatively rare. Moreover, evaluation criteria are difficult to establish, given the heterogeneity of the visual tasks and visual needs of the users. In addition to surveying literature on vision assistance apps, this review discusses the feasibility and necessity of conducting scientific research to understand visual needs and methods to evaluate real-world benefits.
Intracellular recordings reveal integrative function of the basolateral amygdala in acoustic communication
Authors: Voytenko Sergiy , Shanbhag Sharad , Wenstrup Jeffrey , Galazyuk Alexander
Published: April 2023

The amygdala plays an important role in social communication by sound, but little is known about how it integrates diverse auditory inputs to form selective responses to social vocalizations. We show that BLA neurons receive inputs that are responsive to both negative- and positive-affect vocalizations but their spiking outputs are fewer and highly selective for vocalization type. Our work demonstrates that BLA neurons perform an integrative function in shaping appropriate behavioral responses to social vocalizations.
Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of Oxadiazole Derivative in Rats
Authors: Qazi Adil Iqbal , Ahmad Bashir , Sahibzada Muhammad Umar Khayam , Anwar Fareeha , Khusro Ameer , Alhumaydhi Fahad A. , Mohamed Amany Abdel-Rahman , Mostafa-Hedeab Gomaa , Emran Talha Bin
Published: April 2023

The oxadiazole ring has long been used for the treatment of several diseases. This study aimed to analyze the antihyperglycemic and antioxidant roles of the 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivative with its toxicity. Diabetes was induced through intraperitoneal administration of alloxan monohydrate at 150 mg/kg in rats. Glimepiride and acarbose were used as standards. Rats were divided into groups of normal control, disease control, standard, and diabetic rats (treated with 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivative). After 14 days of oral administration of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg) to the diabetic group, the blood glucose level, body weight, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin level, antioxidant effect, and histopathology of the pancreas were performed. The toxicity was measured by estimating liver enzyme, renal function, lipid profile, antioxidative effect, and liver and kidney histopathological study. The blood glucose and body weight were measured before and after treatment. Alloxan significantly increased blood glucose levels, HbA1c, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, and creatinine. In contrast, body weight, insulin level, and antioxidant factors were reduced compared to the normal control group. Treatment with oxadiazole derivatives showed a significant reduction in blood glucose levels, HbA1c, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, and creatinine as compared to the disease control group. The 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivative significantly improved body weight, insulin level, and antioxidant factors compared to the disease control group. In conclusion, the oxadiazole derivative showed potential antidiabetic activity and indicated its potential as a therapeutic.
Evaluation of Mechanical Behaviour of Multiwalled Nanotubes Reinforcement Particles in Jute-Glass Fibres Hybrid Composites
Authors: Kaliappan S. , Mothilal T. , Pravin P. , Raja Bharathi B. , Esakkiraj E. S.
Published: April 2023

Fibre-reinforced polymers (FRPs) are composite materials of plastics reinforced with fibres. Cars, sea, aeronautics, and foundation projects progressively utilize fibre-reinforced polymers. This study aims to study the effect of adding multiwalled nanotubes fillers into the hybridized jute-glass FRP composites and their relative properties. This study uses multiwalled nanotubes (MWCNTs), and particles-hybrid jute-glass composites containing jute fibre chopped layer mats, woven glass mats, epoxy resin, and multiwalled nanotubes fillers were created using the hand layup method. After adding multiwalled nanotubes fillers in various weight proportions, the mechanical behaviours of fibre-reinforced polymers were analysed. The mechanical behaviours of laminated composites were tested using the ASTM standard; the following properties are tensile, flexural, and impact strength. The multiwalled nanotubes with 6% wt. attained the maximum mechanical properties compared to the 2 and 4 wt. % of MWCNTs. The E-based specimen contributes the most to the different types of specimens, with a contribution of 24.21% for tensile, 25.03% for flexural, and 24.56% for impact. The microstructures of hybrid composites were studied using a scanning electron microscope.
The Assessment of Agroforestry Practices in Mukura Sector, Huye District, Southern Rwanda
Authors: Mukoobwa Doreen , Zaninka Benitha , Patrick Mugunga Canisius
Published: April 2023

Agroforestry has the potential to contribute to the improvement of household livelihood, since its various forms offer multiple alternatives and opportunities to farmers. This study assessed agroforestry practice in Mukura sector, Huye district, Rwanda. A sample of 100 households was selected by stage sampling, randomly choosing four cells and two villages per cell in Mukura Sector. Face-to-face interview was dispensed to household heads, and data were collected on agroforestry practices, on-farm tree species, tree spatial arrangements, tree products, and the adoption rate. Woody species diversity and similarity were determined by using Shannon–Weiner diversity and Sørensen’s indices, respectively. Sixty percent of the farmers practiced agroforestry. Ten woody species were observed to grow on farm, providing varied products of timber, firewood, food and fodder, stakes for climbing beans, and income. Low adoption of agroforestry practice was reported resulting from small land, land tenure, ignorance, unavailability of tree seedlings, and the avoidance of tree-crop competition. On-farm tree diversity was observed to be higher than several other sites in Rwanda. The different cells of Mukura Sector grow the same woody species on the farms as demonstrated by reasonably high indices of similarity. We recommend that efforts be made to reinforce extension services to improve farmers’ awareness on the contribution of agroforestry to their social wellbeing. Ways of making seedlings available for planting should also be explored.
A Robust Continuous Authentication System Using Smartphone Sensors and Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Zou Shihong , Sun Huizhong , Xu Guosheng , Wang Chenyu , Zhang Xuanwen , Quan Ruijie
Published: April 2023

Since the continuous authentication (CA) system based on smartphone sensors has been facing the challenge of the low-data regime under some practical scenarios, which leads to low accuracy of CA, it needs to be solved urgently. To this end, currently, the generative adversarial networks (GAN) provide a powerful method to train the result generative model that could generate very convincing verisimilar data. The framework of the GAN and its variants shed much light on improving the performance of CA. Therefore, in this article, we propose a continuous authentication system on smartphones based on a Wasserstein generative adversarial network (WGAN) for sensor data augmentation, which utilizes accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers of smartphone sensors to sense phone movements caused by user operation behavior. Specifically, based on sensor data under different user activities, the WGAN is used to create additional data in training data for data augmentation. With the augmented data, we design a convolutional neural network to learn and extract deep features from sensor data, and then use four classifiers of RF, OCSVM, DT, and KNN to train these features. Finally, we train and test on the HMOG dataset, and the results show that the EER of the authentication system is between 3.68% and 6.39% on the sensor data with a time window of 2 s.
Efficacy and Safety of Drug-Eluting Bead TACE in the Treatment of Primary or Secondary Liver Cancer
Authors: Wang Jiabing , Xu Haoqian , Wang Ying , Feng Long , Yi Fengming
Published: April 2023

Background. The drug-eluting beads transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) has already been used in hepatic malignancies. We aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DEB-TACE in treating primary or secondary liver cancer. Methods. We retrospectively evaluated 59 patients with hepatic malignancies, including 41 patients with primary liver cancer and 18 patients with secondary liver cancer, between September 2016 and February 2019. All patients were treated with DEB-TACE. Objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were evaluated by mRECIST. The pain was assessed using a numerical rating scale (NRS) where 0 represented no pain, and a score of ten was unbearable. Adverse reactions were assessed according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events 4.0 (CTCAE4.0). Results. In the subgroup of primary liver cancer, 3 patients (7.32%) got complete response, 13 patients (31.71%) got partial response, 21 patients (51.22%) experienced stable disease, and 4 patients (9.76%) suffered progressive disease; ORR was 39.02% and DCR was 90.24%. In the subgroup of secondary liver cancer, 0 patients (0%) got complete response, 6 patients (33.33%) got partial response, 11 patients (61.11%) experienced stable disease, and 1 patient (5.56%) suffered progressive disease; ORR was 33.33% and DCR was 94.44%. We did not find any difference when comparing the efficacy between primary and secondary liver cancer (

P
=
0.612

). The one-year survival rate was 70.73% for primary liver cancer and 61.11% for secondary liver cancer. There was no significant difference between the two groups (

P
=
0.52

). For the patients with CR or PR, no factor could predict the efficacy of DEB-TACE. The most common treatment-related adverse reactions were short-term liver function disorders. The symptoms included fever (20.34%), abdomen pain (16.95%), and vomiting (5.08%), all patients with adverse reactions got remission after treatment. Conclusions. DEB-TACE has a promising effect in the treatment of primary or secondary liver cancer. The treatment-related adverse reactions are tolerable.
A GM-Based Energy Management Strategy of Hybrid Power System for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Buses
Authors: Wang Yuan , Lu Jianshan , Zhu Xinyu , Ye Jianfeng , Kong You , Hao Weina
Published: April 2023

Hydrogen energy is a clean, carbon-free, flexible, efficient, and widely used secondary energy source, which is an ideal alternative to promote the clean and efficient use of traditional fossil fuels. Hydrogen fuel cell bus has the advantages of a high-energy conversion rate, absolute pollution-free, sufficient raw materials, and convenient filling. The hybrid power system, composed of fuel cell and auxiliary energy source, is one of the key technologies to promote the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. This study aims to propose an energy management strategy by analyzing the output characteristics and power allocation of fuel cell and power battery in the hybrid power mode with fuel cell as the main and battery as the auxiliary. A GM (1, N) power prediction strategy was proposed and compared with other strategies as an on-off control strategy and logical threshold value strategy in this study. The variation curves of the battery SOC and fuel cell output power under two working conditions of CCBC and real vehicle conditions were analyzed by using these three strategies, when the initial SOC of power battery is 30%, 70%, and 90%, respectively. Results showed that the power prediction strategy based on GM (1, N) has a better performance in output efficiency and fuel economy when compared to the other two strategies by analyzing the aspects of the battery in the SOC variation and equivalent hydrogen consumption and the fuel cell in the output power variation and hydrogen consumption. This research can be helpful to provide the suggested solution for energy management of the hybrid power system for hydrogen fuel cell buses.
Intrusion Detection Techniques in Social Media Cloud: Review and Future Directions
Authors: Abuali Khadija M. , Nissirat Liyth , Al-Samawi Aida
Published: April 2023

As social media use increases, the number of users has risen also. This has increased the volume of data carried over the network, making it more important to secure users’ data and privacy from threats. As users are unaware of hackers, social media’s security flaws and new forms of attack will persist. Intrusion detection systems, therefore, are vital to identifying intrusion risks. This paper examines a variety of intrusion detection techniques used to detect cyberattacks on social media networks. The paper provides a summary of the prevalent attacks on social media networks, such as phishing, fake profiles, account compromise, and cyberbullying. Then, the most prevalent techniques for classifying network traffic, including statistical and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, are addressed. The literature also demonstrates that because AI can manage vast, scalable networks, AI-based IDSs are more effective at classifying network traffic and detecting intrusions in complex social media networks. However, AI-based IDSs exhibit high computational and space complexities; therefore, despite their remarkable performance, they are more suitable for high computing power systems. Hybrid IDSs, utilizing statistical feature selection and shallow neural networks, may provide a compromise between computational requirements and efficiency. This investigation shows that accuracies of statistical techniques range from 90% to 97.5%. In contrast, AI and ML technique detection accuracy ranges from 78% to 99.95%. Similarly, swarm and evolutionary techniques achieved from 84% to 99.95% and deep learning-based detection techniques achieved from 45% to more than 99% detection rates. Convolutional neural network deep learning systems outperformed other methods due to their ability to automatically craft the features that would classify the network traffic with high accuracy.
Hydroxyl Radical Generating Monovalent Copper Particles for Antimicrobial Application
Authors: Tan Tze Hao , Zhang Hao , Xie Bingqiao , Mann Riti , Peng Lingyi , Yun Sung Lai Jimmy , Amal Rose , Gu Zi , Gunawan Cindy
Published: April 2023

The antimicrobial properties of copper are well-known but maintaining a low oxidation state of Cu in particles is difficult. Herein, antimicrobial CuxP particles were synthesized through phosphorization of Cu(OH)2, to lock copper in its monovalent state (as Cu3P). We found that the phosphorization could be achieved at temperatures as low as 200°C, with stable surface presence of Cu(I) on the resulting CuxP particles. Cu(I) can act as a one-electron reducing agent for molecular oxygen, to generate the highly reactive hydroxyl radical. In this study, CuxP displayed antibacterial activities on the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 32 mg/L for the highest temperature particles (350°C) on both model bacteria. The evident membrane damage is consistent with the intended hydroxyl radical bacterial targeting mechanism. Low-temperature CuxP, although exhibiting lower antibacterial efficacies than those of the higher temperature variant, still showed competitive growth inhibiting activities when compared to other reported antimicrobial copper-based particles. The present work showcases advancements in particle technology that can lead to the development of a more robust antimicrobial agent, presenting a potent additive for self-disinfection applications.
Supplementary Table 1 from Survival of Middle Eastern and North African Individuals Diagnosed with Colorectal Cancer: A Population-Based Study in California
Authors: Zaki Timothy A. , Ziogas Argyrios , Chang Jenny , Murphy Caitlin C. , Anton-Culver Hoda
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Table 1 provides treatment quality metrics for colon and rectal cancers using adherence to National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines.
Supplementary Figure S4 from Frequent Overexpression of HER3 in Brain Metastases from Breast and Lung Cancer
Authors: Tomasich Erwin , Steindl Ariane , Paiato Christina , Hatziioannou Teresa , Kleinberger Markus , Berchtold Luzia , Puhr Rainer , Hainfellner Johannes A. , Müllauer Leonhard , Widhalm Georg , Eckert Franziska , Bartsch Rupert , Heller Gerwin , Preusser Matthias , Berghoff Anna Sophie
Published: April 2023

Selected CpG sites covering the genomic locus of HER3 (ERBB3) were evaluated for their methylation state (A).
Data from Antitumor efficacy of dual blockade with encorafenib plus cetuximab in combination with chemotherapy in human BRAFV600E mutant colorectal cancer.
Authors: Napolitano Stefania , Woods Melanie , Lee Hey Min , De Falco Vincenzo , Martini Giulia , Della Corte Carminia M. , Martinelli Erika , Famiglietti Vincenzo , Ciardiello Davide , Anderson Amanda , Wall Fowlkes Natalie , Villarreal Oscar Eduardo. , Sorokin Alexey , Kanikarla Preeti , Coker Olu , Morris Van , Altucci Lucia , Tabernero Josep , Troiani Teresa , Ciardiello Fortunato , Kopetz Scott
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Encorafenib plus cetuximab is an effective therapeutic option in chemorefractory BRAFV600E mCRC. However, there is a need to improve the efficacy of this molecular targeted therapy and evaluate regimens suitable for untreated BRAFV600E mCRC patients. Experimental Design: We performed a series of in vivo studies using BRAFV600EmCRC tumor xenografts. Mice were randomized to receive: 5-fluoruracil, irinotecan or oxaliplatin regimens (FOLFIRI or FOLFOX), encorafenib plus cetuximab (E+C) or the combination. Treatments included long term treatment until progression, with de-escalation strategies replicating maintenance treatments. Transcriptomic changes after progression on cytotoxic chemotherapy or targeted therapy were assessed. Results: Antitumor activity of either FOLFIRI or E+C was better in first-line as compared to second-line, with partial cross-resistance seen between cytotoxic regimen and targeted therapy with average 62% loss of efficacy for FOLFIRI after E+C and 45% loss of efficacy of E+C after FOLFIRI (p<0.001 for both). FOLFIRI treated models had upregulation of EMT and MAPK pathway activation, where E+C treated models had suppressed MAPK signaling. In contrast, with chemotherapy with E+C, EMT and MAPK signaling remained suppressed. FOLFOX or FOLFIRI, each in combination with E+C, were the most active first-line treatments as compared to E+C or to chemotherapy alone. Further, FOLFOX in combination with E+C as first-line induction therapy, followed by E+C +/- 5-FU as maintenance therapy, was the most effective strategy for long term disease control. Conclusions: These results support the combination of cytotoxic chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy as a promising therapeutic approach in the first-line treatment of BRAFV600E mCRC.
Heparin Prowess: Favorable Vascular–Immune Reprogramming in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Korc Murray
Published: April 2023

Several approaches for overcoming immunotherapy resistance in pancreatic and colorectal cancer syngeneic models were assessed using heparin and immunotherapy. Beneficial responses were attributed to heparin-induced vascular normalization, ensuing CD8+ T-cell infiltration, and M1 macrophage polarization, suggesting the potential for heparin-anchored therapies in cold tumors such as pancreatic cancer.

See related article by Wei et al., p. 2525
Data from MACdb: A curated knowledgebase for metabolic associations across human cancers
Authors: Sun Yanling , Zheng Xinchang , Wang Guoliang , Wang Yibo , Chen Xiaoning , Sun Jiani , Xiong Zhuang , Zhang Sisi , Wang Tianyi , Fan Zhuojing , Bu Congfan , Bao Yiming , Zhao Wenming
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of human death. As metabolomics techniques become more and more widely used in cancer research, metabolites are increasingly recognized as crucial factors in both cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we developed MACdb (https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/macdb), a curated knowledgebase to recruit the metabolic associations between metabolites and cancers. Unlike conventional data-driven resources, MACdb integrates cancer-metabolic knowledge from extensive publications, providing high quality metabolite associations and tools to support multiple research purposes. In the current implementation, MACdb has integrated 40,710 cancer-metabolite associations, covering 267 traits from 17 categories of cancers with high incidence or mortality, based entirely on manual curation from 1,127 studies reported in 462 publications (screened from 5,153 research papers). MACdb offers intuitive browsing functions to explore associations at multi-dimensions (metabolite, trait, study, and publication), and constructs knowledge graph to provide overall landscape among cancer, trait, and metabolite. Furthermore, NameToCid (map metabolite name to PubChem Cid) and Enrichment tools are developed to help users enrich the association of metabolites with various cancer types and traits. Implications: MACdb paves an informative and practical way to evaluate cancer-metabolite associations and has a great potential to help researchers identify key predictive metabolic markers in cancers.
23-Year-Old Male with Testis Cancer with Spontaneous Ruptured Teratocarcinoma and No History of Trauma: A Case Report
Authors: Asgari Fardin , Golmohammadi Pedram , Taheri Diana , Aghamir Seyed Mohammad Kazem
Published: April 2023

Teratocarcinoma is one type of testis cancer that can be represented in the youth population and usually shows itself with swelling of the testis and edema and a rise of BHCG and alpha-fetoprotein, but spontaneous rupture is a rare manifestation. A 23-year-old man was referred to the Sina Hospital with complaints of testis pain and swelling. Laboratory findings were alpha f.p more than 2,000, BHCG titer 255.21, and LDH 504. Sonography findings showed the right testis had been detected with a heterogeneous mass with vascularity and cystic area with microcalcification, measuring 76*69 mm. During surgery, we faced rupture tumor that was unusual and rare. The radical orchidectomy was done successfully without any complications. After the surgery, pathology showed teratocarcinoma of the right testis, and a 6-month observation and follow-up were done without any complication.
Glycemic Control by Treatment Modalities: National Registry-Based Population Data in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Šumnik Zdenek , Pavlíková Marketa , Neuman Vit , Petruželková Lenka , Konečná Petra , Venháčová Petra , Škvor Jaroslav , Pomahačová Renata , Neumann David , Vosáhlo Jan , Strnadel Jiri , Kocourková Kamila , Obermannová Barbora , Šantová Alzbeta , Plachý Lukas , Průhová Stepanka , Cinek Ondrej ,   ČENDA Project Group
Published: April 2023

Introduction: The aim of the study was to assess the differences in key parameters of type 1 diabetes (T1D) control associated with treatment and monitoring modalities including newly introduced hybrid closed-loop (HCL) algorithm in children and adolescents with T1D (CwD) using the data from the population-wide pediatric diabetes registry ČENDA. Methods: CwD younger than 19 years with T1D duration >1 year were included and divided according to the treatment modality and type of CGM used: multiple daily injection (MDI), insulin pump without (CSII) and with HCL function, intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM), real-time CGM (rtCGM), and intermittent or no CGM (noCGM). HbA1c, times in glycemic ranges, and glucose risk index (GRI) were compared between the groups. Results: Data of a total of 3,251 children (mean age 13.4 ± 3.8 years) were analyzed. 2,187 (67.3%) were treated with MDI, 1,064 (32.7%) with insulin pump, 585/1,064 (55%) with HCL. The HCL users achieved the highest median TIR 75.4% (IQR 6.3) and lowest GRI 29.1 (7.8), both p < 0.001 compared to other groups, followed by MDI rtCGM and CSII groups with TIR 68.8% (IQR 9.0) and 69.0% (7.5), GRI 38.8 (12.5) and 40.1 (8.5), respectively (nonsignificant to each other). These three groups did not significantly differ in their HbA1c medians (51.8 [IQR 4.5], 50.7 [4.5], and 52.7 [5.7] mmol/mol, respectively). NoCGM groups had the highest HbA1c and GRI and lowest TIR regardless of the treatment modality. Conclusion: This population-based study shows that the HCL technology is superior to other treatment modalities in CGM-derived parameters and should be considered as a treatment of choice in all CwD fulfilling the indication criteria.
First record of Tanaorhinus viridiluteata Walker, 1861 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Geometrinae) from Mizoram, India
Authors: Lalnghahpuii B. , Lalruatthara  , Lalhmingliani Esther
Published: April 2023

Very little work has been done to document the moth fauna of the Mizoram state in northeast India. An emerald moth collected from three localities in Aizawl District of Mizoram was identified as Tanaorhinus viridiluteata Walker, 1861 based on morphological and molecular studies. This species has been described briefly with colour photographs of male and female genitalia. Partial mitochondrial COI gene was amplified from these specimens for molecular analysis. This study represents a first record of the genus Tanaorhinus and species T. viridiluteata from Mizoram State.
At the Crossroads: Multi-Stakeholder and Multi-Disciplinary Approaches in the Application of ihl
Authors: Durham Helen , Quintin Anne
Published: April 2023

The faithful application of ihl during armed conflicts requires working on a variety of systems, structures and institutions that exist within a society, to ensure that the environment is conducive to respect for the law. Accordingly, there are many different roads to travel down, from developing and interpreting international legal rules to building adequate domestic frameworks, and from training armed actors on the rules applicable in warfare to working with communities affected by violence to ensure their voices are heard. This article aims to recognize the value of bringing different actors together, fostering complementarity among them and joining their forces towards the common aim of ensuring better respect for the law. Based on recent examples and studies in the field of ihl training, application and implementation, the article also aims to help humanitarian practitioners, armed actors, diplomats, legal scholars and others identify ways to work together and cross-fertilize their work.
Cheat Sheet for Political Secularism and Secular Studies
Authors: Berlinerblau Jacques
Published: April 2023

Jacques Berlinerblau, author of Secularism: The Basics, responds to his nine critics in this edition of the Journal of Secular Studies. He focuses on definitional issues and what he calls the POMOFOCO school and its critique of secularism.
A plea for preregistration in taxonomy
Authors: CONIX STIJN , CUYPERS VINCENT , ZACHOS FRANK , ARTOIS TOM , MONNENS MARLIES
Published: April 2023

There are notoriously many different definitions of species and methods of species delimitation, forcing taxonomists to make a long range of methodological decisions in species delimitation. Because of this, there are sometimes multiple viable competing methodological paths, which could lead to different ranking (or even grouping) decisions. As a result, it is often unclear what it means for a group to be recognized as a species, the groups recognized as species are not always comparable, and some have even called ranking decisions ‘subjective’. To mitigate the problems this causes for users of taxonomy and taxonomists, we propose that taxonomists across the tree of life should start preregistering their research design and criteria for species delimitation in advance of their research. We argue that even if it were to require additional effort, preregistering taxonomic research would strongly benefit taxonomy in the long term, by increasing the transparency and usability of taxonomic outcomes and by reducing the need for ad hoc methodological decisions.