bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"NGROWOT" TIRAKAT IN EXACT SCIENCE PERSPECTIVES, SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGY
Authors: Arifah Siti Lailatul
Published: March 2021

In this modern life the tradition of ngrowot is seen by people outside the pesantren and it is probable that the santri themselves are merely rituals which are related to things that are supernatural, magical, and not scientifically explained. This study aims to find out how tirakat ngrowot when viewed from the perspective of exact science, social and psychology. In the perspective of the exact science of tirakat ngrowot can help in mastering the exact sciences, in terms of social tirakat ngrowot able to contribute to the success of food diversification programs and psychologically tirakat ngrowot able to increase emotional intelligence in a person.
Islamic Students Understanding about the Center of the Earth in Science and Islam Perspective
Authors: Mubarok Husni
Published: March 2021

The center of the earth and the shape of the earth have a very close relationship, theories have been widely discussed about the concept of both things. Starting from the earth shapes are flat globe and elliptical, besides that the center of the earth in the North Pole, Mecca, the core of the earth even in the archipelago (Indonesia). This study used a qualitative research method was considered in helping the researcher to comprehend better the process of constructing meaning. The study used an interview and a written questionnaire. There are fifty participants in this study, the participants from Islamic student of Jagad Alimussirry Islamic boarding school. The result of this study shown that the majority of Islamic students have a strong understanding of the earth shape and the position of the earth center, which is viewed from the perspective of science and Islam. Most of respondents have an understanding that the shape of the earth is globe with its central position in the city of Mecca.
The Existence Of the Betel Leaf (Piper betle L.) is in the Tasawuf Prespective
Authors: Rahmatika Resty
Published: March 2021

Plants are one of the richest natural resources in Indonesia and contain active chemicals.These plants have the potential to become raw materials for traditional medicine. One of them isbetel plant. The use of Betel leaves, especially in Java, is generally accompanied by specialconditions or criteria, namely: betel leaf which 'meets ros-e'. 'Ros' comes from the Javanese languagewhich means vein, in this case it is a vein of leaves. 'Temu' comes from the Javanese language whichmeans to meet, meet. Betel rose meeting is betel which leaves veins (lateral nerves) meet theposition of the segment; so that the shape is symmetrical. Meanwhile, phytochemical laboratory testresults for total flavonoid content of betel leaves and non-temurose leaves were 53,522 and 43,041ppm. These values include high levels (> 50 ppm) and moderate levels (between> 10 - 50 ppm). Thehigher the level of flavonoids, the more likely the antioxidant potential will be. In theimplementation of riyadhoh, making betel leaves meet rose as a medium as a form of philosophy thatis betel or tell me means ngangsu kaweruh (studying), whereas meet rose can be interpretedas meeting taste.
Sunnah Siwakan in Health Science Perspektif and Power of Faith
Authors: A'yun Qurrotul
Published: March 2021

Siwakan is the prophet's sunnah which aims to cleanse the mouth and teeth using araak wood (Salvadora persica). Woodwood contains various chemicals that can prevent plaque from appearing and have the potential to be antibacterial. Siwak can also be used to strengthen memorization because it can make a loss of laziness. The purpose of this study was to determine the benefits of sunny siwakan in health sciences and memorizing power. In this study used a library research where data will be obtained from books, journals, magazines, documents, records of historical stories, or pure library research related to the object of research. The results showed that Bachtiar from the Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia said araak wood contained trimethylamine (TMA) which was able to prevent plaque from forming a nest of germs so that teeth became healthy and other results from the Ta'lim Muta'allim book showed that civet could eliminate phlegm where phlegm is one of the causes of lazy memorization.
PENGARUH PERGAULAN TEMAN SEBAYA TERHADAP MINAT BELAJAR SISWA KELAS X SMK N 3 SUNGAI PENUH KECAMATAN KUMUN DEBAI KOTA SUNGAI PENUH
Authors: Taufan Ade
Published: March 2021

Berdasarkan observasi awal yang dilakukan di SMK N 3 Sungai Penuh terlihat fenomena-fenomena pergaulan dari siswa/i dengan teman sebayanya yang mana hal tersebut ada kaitannya dengan minat belajar siswa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini Untuk mengetahui pengaruh Teman Sebaya terhadap Minat Belajar Siswa di SMK N 3 Sungai Penuh Kecamatan Kumun Debai Kota Sungai Penuh Kabupaten Kerinci. Pendekatan penelitian yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif korelatif. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan variabel bebas dan variabel terikat.. Hasil dari penelitian ini dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linier sederhana yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa Teman sebaya berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap minat belajar siswai. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan level signifikansi variabel Kepuasan kerja bernilai 0.000 (< 0.05). nilai koofisien regresinya adalah sebesar 0.510. hal ini berarti berpengaruh positif terhadap minat belajar siswa.
PENGARUH MENGGUNAKAN MODEL POWER OF TWO TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENULIS SISWA KELAS VIII DI SMPN 1 BANGKO TAHUN AKADEMIK 2018/2019
Authors: Kurniawan A Eki
Published: March 2021

Menulis adalah kegiatan proses pikiran manusia yang akan mengungkapkan isi jiwanya kepada orang lain atau kepada diri mereka sendiri secara tertulis. Menulis adalah representasi bahasa dalam media kontekstual melalui penggunaan seperangkat tanda atau simbol. Tujuan utama dalam menulis adalah komunikasi. Komunikasi dalam bentuk tulisan adalah siswa harus mengetahui aturan bahasa ketika mereka menulis. Menulis dalam bahasa Inggris memiliki banyak aturan termasuk tata bahasa, pengejaan dan tanda baca. tidak mendapatkan nilai yang baik. Berdasarkan wawancara peneliti dengan guru bahasa Inggris di SMPN 1 Bangko, guru mengatakan menulis adalah salah satu kompetensi dasar yang wajib harus diajarkan kepada siswa dari seluruh kemempuan bahasa inggris, terutama ditekankan dalam menulis teks naratif. Dalam silabus pembelajaran bahasa Inggris di semester kedua di kelas delapan mandapatkan bahwa siswa mampu: mengekspresikan makna dan langkah-langkah retorika dalam esai pendek sederhana menggunakan berbagai bahasa tertulis secara akurat, dan lancar untuk berinteraksi dengan lingkungan sekitar menceritakan kembali dan bentuk narasi. Namun pada kenyataannya, kemampuan menulis siswa di SMPN 1 Bangko kurang, itu menyebabkan sangat sulit bagi siswa untuk menulis dalam bahasa Inggris ketika guru memberikan tugas. Dalam masalah lain, siswa tidak dapat mengembangkan pengetahuan mereka ketika guru memberikan latihan dan sulit untuk mengembangkan ide-ide mereka dalam menulis esai.Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan penelitian Eksperimental, Sampel penelitian terdiri dari dua kelas dimana kelas dua A sebagai kelas eksperimen terdiri dari 80 siswa dari tiga kelas Sampel yang dipilih adalah kelas VIII A sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol VIII B. Kedua kelas digunakan untuk membandingkan hasil keterampilan menulis. Untuk mengambil sampel dari tiga kelas, peneliti menggunakan Pra-tes sebelum melakukan percobaan, dua dari tiga kelas yang memiliki nilai rata-rata terdekat telah diambil, setelah melakukan pra-tes ada dua kelas yang memiliki rata-rata terdekat, kelas VIII A mendapat berarti 53,5 dan kelas VIII B mendapat rata-rata 52,0. Kelas eksperimen diajarkan dengan menggunakan Model Power Of Two Terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Siswa, dan kelas kontrol tanpa menggunakan Model Power Of Two Terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa skor rata-rata kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dari kelas kontrol, skor rata-rata kelas Eksperimental adalah 60,75 dan skor rata-rata kontrol adalah 59,33. Ini berarti bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan pada menulis siswa dengan menggunakan Model Power Of Two untuk mengajar menulis siswa, semoga dapat mengatasi masalah di atas, sehingga partisipasi siswa dan kemampuan menulis siswa meningkat.
KEBIJAKAN SEKOLAH DALAM PENGGUNAAN GADGET DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Kurniawan Agung Rimba , Chan Faizal , Sargandi M , Yolanda Stevie , Karomah Resty , Setianingtyas Wuri , Irani Sintia
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji dan mendeskripsikan kebijakan sekolah terhadap penggunaan gadget di SDN 13/I Rengas Condong dan diharapkan mampu menemukan kebijakan yang tepat terhadap penggunaan gadget oleh siswa di sekolah.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif.Data dikumpulkan menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahawa siswa tidak diperbolehkan membawa gadget ke sekolah.Namun peneliti menemukan masih ada siswa yang membawa gadget ke sekolah.Hal ini dikarenakan kurangnya kontrol oleh guru,kepala sekolah, ataupun pegawai sekolah.
La importancia del control de la dislipemia en el paciente con diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Authors: Carrasco Sánchez Francisco Javier
Published: March 2021

El editorial del segundo Cuaderno de la redGDPS introduce la importancia del control de la dislipemia en el paciente con diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Banking Industry Specific Determinants of Financial Distress: Empirical Evidence from ASEAN Countries
Authors: Saleem Ramsha , Hussain Altaf , Ibraheem Ruqayya
Published: March 2021

Recently, financial distress has become a significant issue, especially for the banking sector, that is considered as the backbone of the economy. Thus, the present study aim is to examine the effects of operating cash flow, profitability, financial leverage, trading activities and liquidity on financial distress of the banking industry of ASEAN countries. The researchers have extracted the data from the central banks of ASEAN countries for the year 2009 to 2018. The random effect model along with generalized method of moment (GMM) approaches have been used to check the predictors such as operating cash flow, profitability, financial leverage, trading activities and liquidity on financial distress of banking industry of ASEAN countries. The results revealed that all the predictors such as operating cash flow, profitability, financial leverage, trading activities and liquidity have a positive association with the financial distress of the banking industry of ASEAN countries. These outcomes provide the guidelines to the regulation-making authorities that they should enhance their focus on the issue of financial distress that could improve the financial position of the banks along with the country.
ANALISIS PSIKOLOGI TOKOH UTAMA DALAM FILM BUMI MANUSIA KARYA PRAMODYA ANANTA TOER DAN RELEVANSINYA DENGAN PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DI SMA
Authors: Fitriani Ellysa , Darmuki Agus , Setiyono Joko
Published: March 2021

Instruksi Film adalah salah satu jenis karya sastra yang disuguhkan dalm bentuk adegan-adegan sehingga penikmat sastra terasa seperti berada dalam kisah tersebut. Permasalahan kehidupan dari tokoh jutama bisa dibentuk dengan adanya masalah sosial dan membentuk karakter utama. Bumi Manusia merupakan salah satu film Indonesia yang mencveritakan kehidupan pada jaman penjajahan. Minke adalah seorang pribumi yang ingin bangsanya menyudahi nasib yang menyedihkan. Dari kisah  Minke diatas maka peneliti akan membahas keadaaan psikologi tokoh utama dan relevansinya dalam pembelajaran bahasa indonesia di SMA. Dalam mengganalisis film Bumi Manusia ini peneliti menggunakan teori psikologi Sigmund Frued  yaitu terdiri dari Id, Ego dan Superego. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitaian deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data vtersebut diperoleh kesimpulan hasil penelitian sebagai berikut. Film bumi manusia relevan sebagai bahan pembelajaran drama kelas XI SMA karena sesuai dengan standar kompetensi, kompetensi dasar serta indikator pembelajaran drama yang terdapat dalam silabus dan RPP.
APLIKASI DARING QUIZZIZ SEBAGAI SOLUSI PEMBELAJARAN MENYENANGKAN DI MASA PANDEMI
Authors: Roysa Mila , Hartani Anisa
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is to describe alternatives to joy fun online learning using the quizziz application. The research method used is qualitative research. The study was conducted at vocational high school Miftahul Falah, Dawe District, Kudus Regency. Acquisition of data results using indept interviews sent via googleform and key informants to teachers dan students. Based on the results of the study it was concluded that (1) quizziz online learning application is a technology based learning evaluation application that can be accessed online by teachers and students, which is applied during a pandemic in the education sector in order to be able to balance and harmonize learning in school to be always relevant and enjoyable especially in Indonesian language learning content; (2) the existence of the quizziz application provides alternative online learning that can be done without having to face to face directly between the teacher and students and can be accessed outside and in the classroom; (3) quizziz provides advantages for online learning by utilizing learning changes that prioritize learning in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 using information technology in its delivery, will be more fun, motivating, and attracting the attention of students. Thus, the use of quizziz can make the implementation of online learning no longer make a problem for students and is flexible in accordance with students abilities.
RESPON MAHASISWA TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN BAHAN AJAR KAJIAN FIKSI BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL
Authors: Simarmata Mai Yuliastri , Sulastri Saptiana , Hartati Mesterianti
Published: March 2021

Pembelajaran yang menyenangkan adalah pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan secara interaktif, menyenagkan, menantang, dan memotivasi peserta didik untuk berpartisipasi aktif. Oleh sebab itu, pengembangan bahan ajar mampu memotivasi mahasiswa untuk lebih aktif dalam proses pembelajaran. Penggunaan bahan ajar yang digunakan oleh mahasiswa kenyataan di lapangan masih minim. Oleh karena penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis respon mahasiswa terhadap penggunaan bahan ajar kajian fiksi berbasis kearifan lokal. Penelitian menggunakan jenis penelitian Research and Development (RnD). Responden penelitian adalah 44 mahasiswa yang menempuh mata kajian fiksi semester genap tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket respon mahasiswa, observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan persentase. Hasil penelitian respon mahasiswa terhadap penggunaan bahan ajar kajian fiksi sebesar 83,8% dan berada dalam kategori layak dengan predikat sangat bagus. Berdasarkan respon mahasiswa Dapat dikatakan bahwa mahasiswa sebagai pengguna bahan ajar memberikan respon yang baik terhadap buku ajar Kajian Fiksi. Dengan demikian penggunaan bahan ajar dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar mahasiswa.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA TINGGI BADAN DAN KEKUATAN OTOT TUNGKAI DENGAN KECEPATAN RENANG GAYA BEBAS 25 METER PADA SISWA KELAS VIII SMP DAAR EL SALAM
Authors: Fajri Muflikhul , Mustaqim Enjang Ahmad
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine (1) whether there is a relationship between the muscle strength of the 25 meter swimming speed at the fifth grade students of Daar El Salam Junior High School. (2) Is there a relationship between height and 25 meter freestyle swimming speed at Daar El Salam Junior High School. (3) Is there a relationship between height and leg muscle tightness with the speed of 25 meter freestyle swimming at Daar El Salam Junior High School. The results of this study indicate that the height there is a correlation coefficient of 0.825 with a very strong relationship level, the strength of the river muscle there is a correlation coefficient of 0.847 with a very strong relationship level, and. Based on the results of linear tests and the significance of a simple regression equation between height, leg muscle strength, and 0.939 with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.882, the effect is 88.2% while 11.8% is influenced by other factors not in the variable this research. And the significance test for multiple correlation is 52.32 where the F value is greater than the F table.
EVALUASI PROSES PEMBELAJARAN IPA BIOLOGI BERBASIS SCIENTIFIC APPROACH PADA MATERI PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN KELAS VII DI SMP MUHAMMADIYAH SE-KECAMATAN MERGANGSAN YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Anggraini Agustina Novita , Aprilia Nani
Published: March 2021

Implementasi kurikulum 2013 menuntut guru untuk melaksanakan pembelajaran berbasis scientific approach, namun tidak semua guru telah mengikuti pelatihan penerapan kurikulum 2013 sehingga proses pembelajaran dengan menerapkan kurikulum 2013 masih banyak mengalami kendala. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi proses pembelajaran IPA Biologi pada materi Pencemaran Lingkungan di kelas VII SMP Muhammadiyah se-kecamatan Mergangsan dengan scientific approach. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian evaluasi. Populasi penelitian yaitu SMP Muhammadiyah se-kecamatan Mergangsan yang berjumlah 2 sekolah. Teknik pengambilan sampel sekolah dengan menggunakan teknik sampel jenuh sehingga sehingga kedua sekolah Muhammadiyah se-kecamatan Mergangsan digunakan semua yaitu SMP Muhammadiyah 9 Yogyakarta dan MTS Muhammadiyah. Teknik sampel purposive yang digunakan untuk memilih responden guru IPA, dan sampel kelas dengan teknik  simple random sampling sehingga SMP Muhammadiyah 9 Yogyakarta didapatkan kelas VII A sedangkan MTS Muhammadiyah Karangkajen kelas VII C. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi dan dokumentasi dengan menggunakan instrumen pengumpulan data berupa lembar observasi dan pedoman dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut : 1) Proses pembelajaran dengan scientific approach di SMP Muhammadiyah se-kecamatan Mergangsan telah sesuai dengan Permendikbud No.103 tahun 2014 dan Permendikbud No. 22 tahun 2016. 2) Proses pembelajaran dengan penerapan scientific approach di SMP Muhammadiyah se-kecamatan Mergangsan aspek kegiatan pendahuluan mendapatkan persentase 76,69% kategori “baik”, kegiatan inti 75,57%  kategori “baik” dan kegiatan penutup 66,67% kategori “baik”.
PENDEKATAN KONTEKSTUAL TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN LITERASI BAHASA INDONESIA SISWA KELAS I SDN 2 BABAKAN ASEM, KABUPATEN TANGERANG
Authors: Latifah Nur , Sa’odah Sa’odah
Published: March 2021

penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan pengaruh kemampuan literasi siswa dalam pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia antara siswa yang diberikan pendekatan kontekstual dengan siswa yang diberikan pengajaran konvensional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi quasi eksperimental. Populasi subjek dalam penenlitian ini adalah semua siswa kelas I SDN Babakan Asem 2 Kabupaten Tangerang yang terdiri dari 41 siswa, kelas IA yang terdiri dari 21 siswa sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas IB yang terdiri dari 20 siswa sebagai kelas kontrol. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan instrument tes. Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan pada pendekatan kontekstual terhadap kemampuan literasi pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia kelas I SDN Babakan Asem 2 Kabupaten Tangerang. Hal tersebut dibuktikan pada hasil uji hipotesis yang dilakukan di dua kelas yang berbeda. Hasil yang diperoleh pada postes dari thitung = 8,74 > ttabel = 2,02.
KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN SISWA KELAS V SEMESTER GENAP SD NEGERI 1 GULAK GALIK TELUK BETUNG UTARA BANDAR LAMPUNG TAHUN PELAJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: Sari Anita
Published: March 2021

This study discusses the problem of reading comprehension of students of SD Negeri 1 Teluk Betung Galik North Bandar Lampung 2018/2019 academic year. The ability to read comprehension in this study includes: (a) disclosure of the contents of the reading, themes, and facts; (b) the ability to retell; and (c) the ability to draw reading conclusions.

This study aims to find out and describe how the level of reading comprehension of students. To achieve the objectives of the study, the authors used a descriptive qualitative method, while the data collection techniques were essay test techniques. The population in this study amounted to 30 students and the study sample was set at 30 people. The sampling technique used is the total sampling technique. Analyzing the data in this study is to use a percentage.

Reading comprehension ability in fifth grade students in even semester SD Negeri 1 Teluk Betung Galik North Bandar Lampung 2018/2019 academic year obtained an average score of 69.99 this value is included in the criteria enough. Based on the aspects of the assessment, the value of reading comprehension in the aspects of the disclosure of reading content, themes, and facts is in the sufficient category with an average score of 61.66. The ability to read comprehension in the aspect of retelling ability is in a sufficient category with an average score of 66.66. The ability to read comprehension in the aspect of the ability to draw reading conclusions is in a good category with an average score of 83.33.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS BELAJAR IPS DENGAN METODE DEMONSTRASI PADA SISWA KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 1 GEDUNG AIR BANDAR LAMPUNG TP 2019/2020
Authors: Saring Yahno
Published: March 2021

Berdasarkan hasil pra penelitian pelaksanaan pembelajaran IPS (1) kegiatan pembelajaran masih banyak didominasi oleh guru sehingga siswa kurang aktif dalam belajar (2) metode yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran IPS metode ceramah, dimana informasi / konsep-konsep yang dipelajari diberitahukan atau disajikan dengan metode ceramah saja ; (3) dalam proses pembelajaran guru kurang memberikan penguat berupa pemberian motivasi kepada siswa. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah “Apakah penggunaan metode demonstrasi dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar IPS pada siswa kelas V SD Negeri 1 Gedung Air Bandar Lampung Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan aktivitas belajar IPS pada siswa kelas V SD Negeri 1 Gedung Air Bandar Lampung Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020. Hasil penelitian pada proses pembelajaran IPS dengan menggunakan metode demonstrasi pada siswa kelas V SD Negeri 1 Gedung Air Bandar Lampung Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020, yaitu sebagai berikut : Pada siklus 1 kinerja guru mencapai 67% dan aktivitas siswa mencapai 63%. Pada siklis II kinerja guru mencapai 78% dan aktivitas siswa mencapai 71%. Pada siklus III kinerja guru mencapai 88% dan aktivitas siswa mencapai 92%.
PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR PKN MELALUI METODE PEMBERIAN TUGAS PADA SISWA KELAS IV SDN 3 PENENGAHAN BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Dewi Maria
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peningkatan aktivitas dan prestasi belajar PKn melalui metode pemberian tugas pada siswa kelas IV SDN 3 Penengahan Kecamatan Kedaton Bandar Lampung. Masalah pada penelitian ini adalah rendahnya aktivitas dan prestasi belajar PKn pada siswa kelas IV. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan prestasi belajar PKn pada siswa kelas IV SDN 3 Penengahan Bandar Lampung. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan 3 siklus. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan pedoman observasi dan tes. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan kuantatif. Hasil analis data menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan aktivitas belajar siswa siklus I diperoleh 23%, siklus II diperoleh 43%, dan siklus III diperoleh 86%. Peningkatan aktivitas siswa siklus I meningkat 23%,  dan siklus III meningkat 44%.  Prestasi belajar siswa siklus I meningkat 20%, siklus II diperoleh 47%, dan siklus III diperoleh 87%. Peningkatan aktivitas siswa siklus I meningkat 20%, siklus II diperoleh 43%, dan siklus III meningkat 44 % diperoleh 87%. Simpulan penelitian bahwa pembelajaran menggunakan metode pemberian tugas dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan prestasi belajar PKn pada siswa kelas IV SDN 3 Penengahan TP 2017/2018.
EFEKTIVITAS MULTIMEDIA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MODA DARING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR PADA MATERI SISTEM PENCERNAAN
Authors: Elvadola Connyta , Tanod Mareyke Jessy
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan multimedia terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik. Masalah dalam penelitian ini turunnya hasil belajar peserta didik selama dilaksanakannya moda daring atau pembelajaran jarak jauh (PJJ) yang ditetapkan pemerintah. Penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling. Instrument yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes. Hasil analisis data diperoleh bahwa terdapat dampak yang signifikan dari penggunaan multimedia terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik kelas V SDN 02 Sumur Putri. Hal tersebut ditunjukan dari hasil uji Wilcoxon pretes dan postes menunjukan nilai sig 0,000<0,05, sehingga penggunaan multimedia dapat menjadi salah satu alternative untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik dalam pembelajaran moda daring.
A Welcome Note from the Editor
Authors: Shabbir Dr. Ayisha
Published: March 2021

I am delighted and proud to welcome you to the second issue of Volume 2. Each article receivedand accepted is an important contribution to the already existing knowledge in the field of BiomedicalSciences. All the editorial team is excited about the progress of PBMJ as an international journal. Aseditor, I would like to express my heartiest congratulation to the team and welcome to the authors andreaders. I am also grateful to the advisory board and managing editors. I hope that PBMJ can promote theacademic and applicable research and improve the research activities and collaborations.I am aware of the bumps along the way, but we are determined to keep pursuing the research goalsto meet the high quality standards and move forward with great courage. If you have any suggestions toimprove, you may write to us as a reader. In the age of technology, I can actively conversate with thereaders and get their feedback to improve the quality with their valuable input.PBMJ will continue to serve the Biomedical Sciences as an outlet for high-quality research. This isan exciting time for the journal and we look forward to working with authors, the Editorial board and theteam to make PBMJ as a leading source for work in the space.Dr. Ayisha ShabbirEditorPakistan BioMedical Journal
A preskolasztika triumvirátusa
Authors: András István
Published: March 2021

Il mondo umano si realizza sempre nella tensione dello sviluppo. Si potrebbe dire, che non è mai finito. Sempre esiste la possibilità per qualcosa nuovo, per qualcos’altro. I secoli passano e l’uomo pian-piano scopre nuove frontiere. Come i secoli si soprappongono anche le scoperte, anche le diverse culture si soprappongono. Sarebbe difficile pensare una parte della cultura umana senza le radici, senza il passato. Il mondo scolastico, che trionfa nel medio evo, è impensabile senza il lavoro faticoso dei predecessori. Nel periodo prescolastico troviamo le fonti, le radici di questo trionfo. L’articolo seguente presenterà questo mondo preparativo chiamato prescolastico, attraverso i filosofi, Boëthius, Iohannes Scotus Eriugena ed Anselmo D’Aosta.
PERSEPSI MAHASISWA NON MUSLIM TENTANG PEMBELAJARAN AL-ISLAM DAN KEMUHAMMADIYAHAN (Studi Kasus di Universitas Muhammadiyah Kupang)
Authors: PS Syarif Idris
Published: March 2021

Penelitia ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan terkait perspektif mahasiswa non muslim tentang Al-Islam dan Kemuhammadiyahan sebagai basis kajian Islam dan mata kuliah institusi di lingkup Universitas Muhammadiyah Kupang. Penggunaan metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk menggali sejauhmana cara pandang, cara fikir mahasiswa non Muslim tentang Islam dan Muhammadiyah. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa : (1) mayoritas mahasiswa non muslim sangat setuju Islam adalah agama yang toleran. Kesan selama ini Islam adalah agama yang radikal tidak sesuai dengan kenyataan yang peneliti lakukan; (2) keyakinan mereka terhadap tuhan itu satu dan Muhammad saw adalah nabi yang terkahir mayoritas menyatakan sangat setuju hanya, mereka meyakini tentang trinitas. (3) pendapat mereka sangat setuju tentang Universitas Muhammadiyah Kupang adalah perguruan tinggi yang sangat menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai toleransi, perbedaan agama dan suku; (4) organisasi Muahammadiyah adalah organisasi yang inklusif, yang terbuka untuk semua agama, mengajarkan kerukunan antar umat beragama, tidak mengajarkan ajaran radikal dan sangat besar pengaruh dalam menjaga kedauladan NKRI; (5) sangat setuju dengan mata kuliah Al-Islam dan Kemuhammadiyahan. Menurut mereka AIK  telah memberikan manfaat kepada mereka tentang nilai-nilai Islam dan kemuhammadiyahan yang baik.
INTELLIGENT MODE OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCE BASED ON DATA MINING TECHNOLOGY
Authors: WU Z. L. , WANG D. , SU Y. T. , LI H. M.
Published: March 2021

With the rapid development of Internet technology, the penetration rate of Internet in China has exceeded 50 %, and more and more Internet users have chosen to shop online. Based on the analysis of the current situation of e-commerce development, this paper analyzes the influencing factors affecting the reliability of e-commerce logistics from the aspects of information technology, facilities and equipment, personnel operation and external environment. Additionally, it constructs the E-commerce intelligent logistics reliability distribution model and simulates the example. The research results show that, when the maximum and minimum reliability and complexity are not considered, the priority of improving the important high unit has a great impact on the reliability of the whole system. An increase in unit reliability can lead to an increase in system reliability and an increase in cost. When the reliability is increased to a certain extent, the continued increase will greatly increase the cost, and the cost of increasing the system unit reliability is greatly increased.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE ON STRAWBERRIES TO CONTROL SPOILAGE MICRO-ORGANISMS
Authors: CONTINI F. , PADILHA R. L. , BIONDO E. , SANT'ANNA V.
Published: March 2021

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the efficiency of chlorine dioxide to inhibit the growth of mesophilic bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria and yeast and mold on strawberries compared to sanitizing sodium hypochlorite, currently the most widely used. The strawberries were treated with both sanitizers at a concentration of 100ppm and stored at temperatures of 15°C for 7 days or at 7°C for 25 days. The two sanitizers were effective in inhibiting the growth of micro-organisms tested, demonstrating that helped in increasing shelf life of strawberries. The chlorine dioxide showed in some tests, more efficient results than sodium hypochlorite, especially during the first few days of fruit storage. By the end of the tests, results were similar between them. Thus, results show that chlorine dioxide can replace sodium hypochlorite as a sanitizing of strawberries and that the control of the storage temperature is critical to enhance the fruit shelf life.
DEVELOPMENT OF POLY (LACTIC-CO-GLYCOLIC ACID)/ BIOGLASS FIBERS USING AN ELECTROSPINNING TECHNIQUE
Authors: BRIZUELA GUERRA N. , CORREA FERRÁN D. , CALDAS DE SOUSA V. , DELGADO GARCÍA-MENOCAL J. A. , GARCÍA VALLÉS M. , MARTÍNEZ S. , MOREJÓN ALONSO L. , LOUREIRO DOS SANTOS L. A.
Published: March 2021

This work establishes experimental conditions for the synthesis of polymeric fibers using the electrospinning technique, modifying some operational parameters such as drum collector rotation speed and applied voltage were modified. The samples were obtained from a copolymer of poly(lacticco-glycolic acid) (PLGA), with a molecular weight of approximately 220,000 g/mol, dissolved in a dimethyl sulfoxide/dichloromethane (3:1 v/v) solution. With the aim of developing scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, we added a calcium phosphate glass based on 44.5CaO-44.5P2O5-11Na2O to the fibrous PLGA structures. The preliminary characterization of these PLGA structures with and without the addition of biodegradable glass was performed using SEM analysis. We found the formation of aligned and homogeneous fibers with an average diameter of 5.2 ± 2.1 µm when using the 800 rpm - 8cm - 9 kV parameters. In addition, the incorporation of 1 wt.% of previously silanized calcium phosphate particles substantially altered the fiber morphology and porosity. However, a substantial increase in the bioactivity of the composite was observed in contrast with the unmodified PLGA.
Hegemony in Post-Soviet Georgia: Types of Nationalisms and Masculinities
Authors: Beraia Aia
Published: March 2021

The article concerns the political history of the post-Soviet Georgian state. The new post-Soviet nation-state is being created and gradually transformed into a political economy of liberal democracy and neoliberal capitalism. In this transformation, Georgia moves away from the Soviet Union and its successor Russia and acquires European identity via the discourse and practices of national political and economic elites. The discursive production of this hegemonic pro-Western nationalism is intertwined with the production of hegemonic masculinities. This article analyzes the discourses of these elites and reveals three types of hegemonic masculinity, which acquire their meaning alongside and through the processes of national independence, militarization, and/or neoliberal reforms and policies. These new masculinities aim to replace old, Soviet, hegemonic masculinities in Georgia and thus, a new kind of hegemonic culture and patriarchy is being created. Further, the historical domination of pro-Western nationalism can be interpreted variously: while Georgia is open, nearly from the outset, to the Western-style political system (liberal democracy), one can also look to certain historical moments as the turning points when an active neoliberal transformation and (discursive) attainment of European identity began in Georgia.
Keywords: nationalism; masculinities; hegemony; post-Soviet Georgia.
Stories as indicators: Lessons learned using the Most Significant Change method to evaluate food systems work in Michigan
Authors: Fink Shapiro Lilly , Hoey Lesli , Colasanti Kathryn
Published: March 2021

Food systems initiatives regularly use stories as a communication tool to showcase and gain atten­tion for their work. Yet few of these efforts use systematic ways to collect and analyze stories. Rooted in our experience documenting the work surrounding the Michigan Good Food Charter, we suggest that a variety of efforts that aim to trans­form food systems could benefit from applying the Most Significant Change (MSC) technique, an evaluation tool that uses stories in a more rigorous way to identify emerging outcomes and enhance organizational learning. Particularly with the modi­fications we introduce, the MSC approach can be adapted to situations where program staff or par­ticipants have limited time, resources, or capacity, offering stakeholders a way to build a shared vision of a program and, over time, a clearer sense of the direction that a food systems project has and where it should be headed.
Litteraturens og høytlesingens plass og hensikt i nasjonale policydokumenter for barnehagen og barnehagelærerutdanningen i Danmark, Finland, Norge og Sverige
Authors: Hogsnes Hilde Dehnæs , Svensson Ann-Katrin , Larsen Marianne Eskebæk , Damber Ulla
Published: March 2021

Basert på et sosiokulturelt perspektiv der barnehagens sosiale, kulturelle og historiske praksis blir sett på som vesentlig for barns møte med og forhold til barnelitteratur og lesing, er det viktig å studere lesingens plass i barnehagen. Studien undersøker hvilke føringer policydokumentene for barnehagen i Danmark, Finland, Norge og Sverige legger for arbeidet med barnelitteratur og lesing. Nasjonale retningslinjer for barnehagelærerutdanningen studeres også der disse finnes, det vil si i Danmark, Norge og Sverige. Gjennom dokumentanalyse undersøkes likheter og ulikheter i policydokumentene i de fire landene, og resultatene diskuteres i lys av beskrivelsen av en nordisk barnehagetradisjon preget av et holistisk læringssyn med vekt på barns interesser og lek. Analysene viser at lesing av barnelitteratur beskrives i begrenset grad, at den tillegges ulik betydning og at så vel barnehagelærere som barnehagelærerutdannere i de fire landene vil kunne møte motstridende forventninger. Det argumenteres for at det må utdannes barnehagelærere som kan bidra til at alle barn gis forutsetninger for aktiv deltakelse i et lesefellesskap, og som har en bevissthet om at barns interesser og ønske om å lese er selve drivkraften i deres videre karriere som lesere.
“Don't go all earnest on us”: Metamodern Satire in George Saunders's “Brad Carrigan, American”
Authors: Chesters Sam
Published: March 2021

In the overlapping periods of postmodernism and resurgent modernism, a new mode of satire has emerged—what this article calls metamodern satire—that bridges the gap between the modernist objective of correction and postmodernist subversion of metanarratives. George Saunders's short story “Brad Carrigan, American” (2006) is an exemplar of this hybrid mode, as it critiques the entrenchment of neoliberalism through the symbolic metanarrative of television. Drawing on characteristics of both sitcoms and reality television, Saunders's work subverts an economic theory that promotes the free market and hypercompetition, one in which individualism and self-interest are celebrated. Following this destabilization, the story offers a correction that encourages the proliferation of cultural empathy and a rejection of neoliberalism's valuation of people foremost as economic actors.
From Utopian Island to Global Empire: Alex Garland's The Beach
Authors: Adamik Verena
Published: March 2021

This article discusses how Alex Garland's The Beach (1996) engages with conceptions of utopian islands, nation, and colonialism in modernity and how it, from this basis, develops a different spatiality that reflects on a more deterritorialized form of imperial domination within late twentieth-century globalization, as exercised by the United States. The novel is shown to subvert, but not to abolish, two spatial formations that originated in early modernity: nation and utopia. Building on Jean Baudrillard's elaborations regarding simulation and simulacra, the article argues that The Beach creates a hyperreal narrative that does away with the idea of isolated, bounded spaces and that in form and content corresponds with the worldwide dominance of the United States at the end of the twentieth century.
Utopia, Religion, and Transcendence in Turkish Literature: Ruşeni Barkın, Molla Davudzade, and İsmail Gaspıralı
Authors: Nebioğlu Rahime Çokay
Published: March 2021

This article aims to draw a theoretical framework to discuss the role of religion in utopia's appeal to transcendence in Turkish literature. This aim entails interrogating the intricate relation between utopia and religion in order to demonstrate how religious discourse functions as a transcendent organizing principle in Turkish utopian vision. The employment of religious discourse in utopia often generates problematic moments in which utopia attains a transcendent position and comes closest to its sibling term, dystopia. This article seeks to identify and describe this position of transcendence in Turkish utopia by resorting to Deleuzian distinction between the two types of utopia: “utopia of transcendence,” oriented toward authoritarianism, and “utopia of immanence,” oriented toward revolution. In so doing, it will engage with three early works from the Second Constitutional Period, Ruşeni Barkın's Müslümanların Gaye-i Hayâliyesi (1914), İsmail Gaspıralı's Darürrahat Müslümanları (1906), and Molla Davudzade's Rüyada Terakki ve Medeniyet-i İslamiyeyi Rü‘yet (1913).
El despido arbitrario a raíz del COVID-19
Authors: Cornejo Cachay Diego Leonel
Published: March 2021

El artículo tiene como partida, el delicado problema del despido arbitrario en Latinoamérica dentro del escenario pandémico de la enfermedad infecciosa COVID-19, causada por coronavirus. De igual forma, se conoce la protección constitucional del derecho al trabajo y la cantidad de convenios de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo ratificados en diversos países, a través de gráficos estadísticos. Consecuentemente, se plantea como principal objetivo, establecer recomendaciones dirigidas a los empleadores para aminorar esta catástrofe en materia laboral. Finalmente, se observa como resultado la indispensable colaboración conjunta de los trabajadores, empleadores y el Estado, con el propósito de luchar ante esta fatalidad.
El principio de separabilidad de la cláusula arbitral y su alcance jurídico en la interpretación y modificación de los contratos
Authors: Sequeira Pérez Byron Israel
Published: March 2021

En el presente artículo se analiza el alcance jurídico del principio de separabilidad de la cláusula arbitral en la interpretación y modificación de los contratos. Fundado en la problemática sobre si las cláusulas que establecen las reglas modificatorias de los contratos determinan la forma en que se debe modificar la cláusula arbitral, se parte de la conjetura que los principios de separabilidad, pro-arbitraje, buena fe y autonomía de la voluntad de las partes determinan una independencia entre las reglas de modificación del contrato establecidas en cláusulas especiales, respecto de las reglas aplicables a la modificación de la cláusula arbitral. Se ha aplicado un corte dogmático para estudiar la norma jurídica en pro de determinar el significado, contenido y alcance de esta en el problema planteado. Se abordan fuentes normativas, históricas, doctrinales y de interpretación existente, se apoya del método gramatical histórico y lógico sistemático. Se recurre al método comparativo y al enfoque inductivo del análisis. Se concluye que el arbitraje es un instrumento de pragmatismo procesal y que el principio de separabilidad requiere un ambiente jurídico que beneficie al arbitraje, que garantice el respeto a la autonomía de la voluntad de las partes, y que brinde respaldo a las decisiones tomadas por los contratantes. Al mismo tiempo se afirma que es posible el alcance “extralimitado” del principio de separabilidad de la cláusula arbitral, gracias a su vínculo armónico con otros principios del sistema de arbitraje, siguiendo consideraciones mínimas para su procedibilidad.
Análisis de la prevalencia de dientes supernumerarios y agenesia en pacientes con labio y paladar hendido atendidos en la Clínica Integral de Operación Sonrisa Honduras.
Authors: Ferrufino Ávila Kathia Nicol , Álvarez Vijil Hernán Alejandro
Published: March 2021

El presente estudio, se realizó para determinar la prevalencia de dientes supernumerarios y agenesia en pacientes con labio y/o paladar hendido que asistieron a la Clínica Integral de labio y paladar hendido de Operación Sonrisa Honduras en agosto del año 2019. El labio y/o paladar hendido (LPH) es una de las malformaciones congénitas estructurales más comunes; afecta el complejo cráneo facial y es el resultado de la falta de unión entre los procesos frontonasal, maxilar y medial nasal, y lateral. Las anomalías dentales en pacientes con labio y/o paladar fisurado se presentan con mayor frecuencia que en el resto de la población, las cuales afectan ambas denticiones. Dentro de estas anomalías se observa la hipodoncia y la hiperdoncia que se encuentran más comúnmente alrededor del área fisurada (área del incisivo lateral). Asimismo, se presentan cambios en la posición, alteraciones en tamaño y forma de los dientes, defectos del esmalte, retraso en el desarrollo y erupción dental. Las alteraciones que están relacionadas con el número de dientes como lo son las agenesias o hipodoncia y los supernumerarios o hiperdoncia, se producen en la etapa de iniciación del desarrollo de la dentición a nivel embrionario, y se encuentran asociadas a las mal oclusiones dentarias. Este es un estudio comparativo y retrospectivo de corte transversal con una muestra de 150 pacientes con paladar hendido y expedientes con radiografía panorámica, de los cuales 83 pacientes fueron del sexo femenino representando el 55% y 67 pacientes fueron del sexo masculino representando el 45% de la población total. El universo se basó en 31 (21%) pacientes de los cuales presentaron dientes supernumerarios, 21 (14%) Agenesia, 52 (34%) no presentaron dientes supernumerarios y 46 (31%) presentaron ausencia de dientes supernumerarios y agenesia. El tipo de hendidura palatina más afectada por dientes supernumerarios fue la fisura palatina unilateral izquierda con 22 pacientes.
Optimization of a Self-Excited Pulsed Air-Water Jet Nozzle Based on the Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Wang Yong , Wang Xiaolin , Zhang Zilong , Li Yu , Liu Houlin , Zhang Xiang , Hočevar Marko
Published: March 2021

A self-excited pulsed air-water jet (SEPAWJ) offers many advantages over other jets and has a large number of practical and industrial applications. In order to take better advantage of the SEPAWJ, response surface methodology (RSM) models were established with the experimental impact force characteristics as the dependent variable and three key nozzle parameters as the independent variable. Single and coupling factor effects of these three parameters (oscillation chamber length, oscillation chamber height, and diameter of the downstream nozzle) on performance of nozzle are analysed, and the structural parameters of optimum performance are calculated using RSM models. The external flow field, impact force and cleaning performance of SEPAWJ before and after optimization are analysed and compared experimentally. It is found that the significance levels of established average impact force and impact force amplitude RSM models are lower than 0.05, and their error ratios between calculation and experiment under the optimum construction are both less than 5 %, which confirms their considerable reliability. Meanwhile, the final large water mass of optimized SEPAWJ is formed much earlier, and is more intensive and more concentrated. Compared with the original SEPAWJ nozzle, the impact force and impact force amplitude of optimized SEPAWJ nozzle are increased by 52.00 % and 38.26 %, respectively. In addition, the cleaned area ratio of nozzle before and after optimization is 76 % and 100 % at 50 seconds, respectively, with an increase of 22.4 %.
Organ-on-a-Chip systems for new drugs development
Authors: Vargas Ronny , Medina Laura , Egurbide Andrea
Published: March 2021

Research on alternatives to the use of animal models and cell cultures has led to the creation of organ-on-a-chip systems, in which organs and their physiological reactions to the presence of external stimuli are simulated. These systems could even replace the use of human beings as subjects for the study of drugs in clinical phases and have an impact on personalized therapies. Organ-on-a-chip technology present higher potential than traditional cell cultures for an appropriate prediction of functional impairments, appearance of adverse effects, the pharmacokinetic and toxicological profile and the efficacy of a drug. This potential is given by the possibility of placing different cell lines in a three-dimensional-arranged polymer piece and simulating and controlling specific conditions. Thus, the normal functioning of an organ, tissue, barrier, or physiological phenomenon can be simulated, as well as the interrelation between different systems. Furthermore, this alternative allows the study of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Its design combines different disciplines such as materials engineering, cell cultures, microfluidics and physiology, among others. This work presents the main considerations of OoC systems, the materials, methods and cell lines used for their design, and the conditions required for their proper functioning. Examples of applications and main challenges for the development of more robust systems are shown. This non-systematic review is intended to be a reference framework that facilitates research focused on the development of new OoC systems, as well as their use as alternatives in pharmacological, pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies.