bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Českoslovanská strana sociálnědemokratická a antisemitismus (1889-1899)
Authors: Soukupová Blanka
Published: March 2024

Czech historiography and ethnography have not yet fully realized how the atmosphere in the Czech society was pushed forward by the Social Democrat struggle against anti-Semitism. After its reunification, embracing both ideology and organization, in 1889 the party opened a public space which was exploited in varying degree by the masses of its members and followers who were skillfully gained for the idea of internationalism. The paper analyzed the causes (functions) of the Social Democrat struggle against anti-Semitism, its content, means as well as the party's place in the „anti-anti-Semite" political camp which was in the making; this involved a reaction to the transition of anti-Semitism to an institutional framework. At the same time, it tried to refute some mistaken ideas, so far enormously popular both in the Czech historical consciousness and professional literature (such as the image of university teacher T. G. Masaryk as an almost lonely opponent of the ritual murder superstition during the Hilsner affair). However, within its ideological and political propaganda the Social Democrat Party first manipulated anti-Semitism, using it for criticism of rich and socially influential Jewry. This does not in any way lessen the impact and importance of iits ideological fight, it only clarifies the real substance of the Social Democrat propaganda: a European struggle for a place on the political foreground. Anti-Semitism and struggle against it became one of the most efficient ideological and political instruments of modem political efforts, movements and parties.
Menšiny ve městě
Authors: Hadj Moussová Zuzana
Published: March 2024

The paper informs about a new program focusing on multi-cultural education which has started to be tested at a number of Czech schools. It is the program Global Education and Upbringing, destined for secondary school pupils. It is mainly devised to realize one's own cultural conditioning through experience activities. This helps understand cultural diversity of people from other cultures. The paper also summarizes the teachers' first experiences with the application of the program.
Řešení multietnického soužití na státní a lokální úrovni na příkladu českého a romského obyvatelstva
Authors: Kadeřábková Jaroslava
Published: March 2024

The author analyzes the attention devoted to the role of civil service when settling the problems of multi-ethnic ancl multi-cultural coexistence in the towns, villages and regions of the Czech Republic. She stresses the importance of an expert analysis and cooperation with specialists in charge of questions of multi-cultural and multi-ethnic coexistence. She deals with the professional questions by using the example of the Romany population. Previous experience with the solution to these problems has indicated that specialists from the civil service are interested in cooperation with academic and research institutes. The cooperation will have to be used more intensively in the future.
Situace v Protektorátu Čechy a Morava v letech 1941-1942 ve zprávách bulharských diplomatů
Authors: Rychlík Jan
Published: March 2024

Problematice česko-bulharských, slovensko-bulharských a Československo­-bulharských vztahů byla zejména v sedmdesátých a osmdesátých letech věnována poměrně značná pozornost. Práce se ovšem soustředily především na tzv. českou pomoc Bulharsku po roce 1878 a na vztahy mezi Československem a Bulharskem v letech 1918-1939. Válečné období, zejména pokud jde o Česko-bulharské vztahy, zůstávalo zatím spíše mimo pozornost badatelů. Následující studie a předkládané materiály, týkající se zpráv bulharských diplomatů působících v Praze v letech 1941-1942, resp. 1944, se pokoušejí vyplnit alespoň částečně tuto mezeru v našem poznání.
Výzkum a prezentace lidové architektury středního Povltaví
Authors: Procházka Lubomír
Published: March 2024

Střední Povltaví představuje region zajímavý z hlediska vývoje lidové hmotné kultury, i když nepředstavuje jednotnou národopisnou oblast. Zeměpisně můžeme vymezit sledovaný region středního Povltaví přibližně od Živohoště (okr. Příbram) po Týn nad Vltavou (okr. české Budějovice). Nedošlo zde ani k vytvoření jednotné regionální formy lidového domu, jelikož se ve sledované oblasti prolíná více forem. Jde jednak o dům povodí Berounky a Středočeské pahorkatiny a dále o dům jihočeský. Ten je reprezentován především v pomyslné jižní části středních Čech trojdílným přízemním roubeným domem komorového typu (na převážné části sledovaného území) s vydělenou černou kuchyní a s chlebovou pecí. K charakteristickým znakům tohoto typu domu patří dále sedlová střecha krytá došky a jednoduchá z prken (ve tvaru sklonu střechy) skládaná předsazená lomenice ve vrcholu krytá kabřincem. Dům zde s hospodářskými objekty vytvářel zpravidla třístrannou zemědělskou usedlost. Od poloviny 18. století se v oblasti výrazně začíná prosazovat zděný dům i s plastickou výzdobou štítového průčelí.
Biografická identita v pohraničním prostoru
Authors: Zich František
Published: March 2024

Místa, kde se setkávají různé národní kultury, jsou vždy zajímavým objektem pozorování a výzkumu. Takovým místem je bezesporu Euroregion NISA, kde spolu v těsné blízkosti žijí Češi, Němci a Poláci. Přes obecně shodný politický systém státního socialismu, který zde určoval základní podobu společenských vztahů po desetiletí a ovlivňoval myšlení a jednání lidí, si jednotlivé části zachovaly svoji výraznou specifiku. Také transformační změny po roce 1989, i když směřují fakticky k stejnému cíli, národní zvláštnosti nejen neruší, ale v mnohém jsou touto specifikou sociálního systému a myšlení lidí výrazně poznamenány. K zvláštnostem euroregionu ještě patří dramatická historie vývoje obyvatelstva hlavně po druhé světové válce. Do polské části euroregionu, stejně jako do celého západního pohraničí Polska, bylo přesunuto obyvatelstvo z východních území Polska. Česká část euroregionu byla z větší části dosídlena obyvatelstvem z vnitrozemí Čech, ale i Moravy a Slovenska. Německá část euroregionu má v tomto ohledu tradiční obyvatelstvo, ovšem s tím, že zde našli nové domovy právě odsunutí Němci.
Výstavy Národního muzea v Lobkovickém paláci v Praze
Authors: Novotná Hedvika
Published: March 2024

Během více než 180 let existence shromáždilo Národní muzeum ve svých sbírkách nesmírně cenné předměty, mající často klíčový význam pro poznávání naší národní minulosti. Vzhledem k tomu, že jsou výstavní možnosti hlavní budovy Národního muzea omezeny, hledala se alternativní budova pro umístění expozice dokumentující české dějiny. Z různých návrhů byl vybrán Lobkovický palác na Pražském hradě.
Spi děťátko spi
Authors: Novotná Hedvika
Published: March 2024

Velmi úspěšná vánoční výstava, kterou autorsky připravila Hana Bretová ve spolupráci s Helenou Mevaldovou a výtvarníkem Jiřím Řehákem, proběhla v Lobkovickém paláci na přelomu roku 1997 a 1998. Představila soubor reálií charakterizujících málo známé momenty spojené s narozením dítěte a prvními měsíci jeho života. Výstavu připravilo ze svých bohatých sbírek národopisné oddělení Národního muzea a umožnilo tím veřejnosti shlédnout ojedinělé exponáty z doby od konce 17. do počátku 20. století. Zastavme se nyní u některých z nich.
Od Komenského k Zemanhofovi
Authors: Novotná Hedvika
Published: March 2024

Velmi originální nápad uspořádat výstavu věnovanou duchovnímu autoru esperanta J. A. Komenskému a jeho následovníkovi a samotnému tvůrci univerzálního jazyka L. L. Zamenhofovi pojalo Muzeum Komenského v Přerově. Autor výstavy, Stanislav Hýbl, ji již dříve instaloval ve Varšavě, v Zelově a Lešně. Pokusil se přístupnou formou dokumentovat vznik a vývoj esperanta, jazyka, kterým dnes v celém světě hovoří více než 10 milionů lidí. Nebylo však zapomenutno ani na život a dílo výše zmíněných osobností, které jsou s esperantem těsně spjaty.
Osmdesáté výročí vzniku Československé republiky a československého letectví
Authors: Novotná Hedvika
Published: March 2024

Dějiny československého vojenského a civilního letectví se datují od vzniku samostatné Československé republiky. Již 28. října 1918 byly položeny základy československého letectví v rámci 3. odboru ministerstva národní obrany, 30. října byl vytvořen 1. československý letecký sbor a během dalších čtrnácti dnů i Svaz československých pilotů, pozdější Svaz letců. Ještě v témže roce vzniká podnik Letecký arsenál (později Hlavní letecké dílny, resp. Letov), hned poté Aero s hlavními konstruktéry Vlasákem a Husníkem a firma Avia, kde byla vyrobena jedna z nejrychlejších stíhaček své doby - BH 1. V roce 1923 vznikají Československé státní aerolinie a 29. října je zahájen provoz na lince Praha-Bratislava.
香港影視業勞工狀況終期研究報告2024
Authors:   嶺南大學政策研究院,   嶺南大學文化研究及發展中心,   嶺南大學「青年貧窮與就業」研究團隊, PUN Ngai ,   嶺南大學文化研究系, LEUNG Shi Chi ,   嶺南大學文化研究系, YANG Haocheng ,   香港大學社會科學學院, 蔡美琦  ,   嶺南大學政策研究院, 鄧立賢  ,   嶺南大學文化研究及發展中心
Published: March 2024

推動影視業發展是港府近年的文創政策重心。影視業較為人注目的是黃金年代後票房積弱和創作自由的議題；而銀幕背後，從業員的處境則容易被忽略。本研究報告兼用定量和定質的調查，深入淺出地分析本地投身電影、電視、廣告、網片等影像製作的從業員的勞動條件，探討不合理待遇的成因，並按研究結果提出政策及行業倡議。
Evaluating the association between opium abuse, blood lead levels, and the complexity of coronary artery disease
Authors: Khameneh Bagheri Ramin , Mousavi Seyed Hadi , Mehrad‐Majd Hassan , Jamili Mohammad Javad , Nasimi Shad Arya , Baradaran Rahimi Vafa
Published: March 2024

Opium abuse and exposure to heavy metals elevate the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Therefore, we aimed to determine the association between opium abuse and blood lead levels (BLLs) and the CAD complexity. We evaluated patients with acute coronary symptoms who underwent coronary angiography, and those with >50% stenosis in at least one of the coronary arteries were included. Furthermore, Synergy between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery I (SYNTAX I) score and BLLs were measured. Based on the opium abuse, 95 patients were subdivided into opium (45) and control (50) groups. Differences in demographics and CAD risk factors were insignificant between the two groups. The median BLLs were remarkably higher in the opium group than in controls (36 (35.7) and 20.5 μg/dL (11.45), respectively, p = 0.003). We also revealed no significant differences in SYNTAX score between the two groups (15.0 (9.0) and 17.5 (14.0), respectively, p = 0.28). Additionally, we found no significant correlation between BLLs and the SYNTAX scores (p = 0.277 and r = −0.113). Opium abuse was associated with high BLLs. Neither opium abuse nor high BLLs were correlated with the complexity of CAD. Further studies are warranted to establish better the relationship between opium abuse, BLLs, and CAD.
CFD-aided contraction-expansion static mixer design for oil-in-water emulsification
Authors: Balbi María del Pilar , Fleite Santiago , Cassanello Miryan
Published: March 2024

Contraction-expansion (CE) static mixers can enable solid-liquid and liquid-liquid dispersion with low energy dissipation, low risk of obstruction, and without moving parts. In this work, the influence of CE elements of different geometries on the imposed turbulence of a flowing liquid has been assessed by a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (2D-CFD) simulation. The effect of CE on the dispersion of droplets of an immiscible liquid has also been analysed from simulations, using the volume of fluid (VOF) approach. Direct numerical simulation (DNS) performed by the open-source Gerris Flow Solver software was used to get the velocity fields and turbulence characteristics. Different ratios of CE diameters and lengths were analysed for liquid Reynolds numbers from 500 to 20,000. From simulations, the CE geometry that maximised the average root mean square velocity, as an indicator of turbulence, was determined for different liquid flow rates. It was found that the average RMS had a maximum for a wide range of liquid flow rates when the CE diameter ratio was between 0.55 and 0.59 and the length ratio was between 0.2 and 0.3. Then, a device with seven CE elements with geometrical features within this range was built and used for preparing an oil-in-water emulsion. The test system contained water and sunflower oil (5 % v/v) with the further addition of TritonX100 (0.5 % in volume of the solution) as surfactant. The stability of the emulsions was assessed by measuring the time evolution of turbidity (absorbance at 860 nm), to get the initial separation velocities. The emulsions prepared using the CE device showed initial phase separation rates lower than the one obtained in a stirred flask, evidencing the feasibility of using CE static mixers for preparing emulsions with relatively low energy consumption. Moreover, the emulsions obtained with the CE device, although dependent on the flow rate, showed similar features when obtained with 10, 100 and 250 passes through the CE static mixer.
Stability analysis of Hub dam under rapid drawdown
Authors: Salman Mohammed Mohsin , Abraheim Ahmed Kamil , Al-Attabi Ali Mohammed Ali Naji
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study was to calculate the Hub dam’s slope stability analysis in a rapid drawdown scenario. Using the slide software, we compared four distinct analytic techniques – the Bishop, Janbu, ordinary way of slicing, and Morgenstern-Price approach – to determine whether or not a given slope would remain stable at the highest possible water level. According to the simulation outcomes, the portion of the dam upstream directly impacts the safety factor. The upstream safety factors, calculated using the Bishop approach, are 2.122 for steady-state seepage and 2.023 for the fast drawdown scenario. This ensures the Hub dam’s stability even under rapid drawdown conditions.
Novae erogationis ordinatio: Frontinus, Domitian, Nerva, and the Aqua Traiana
Authors: Taylor Rabun
Published: March 2024

Frontinus’ De aquaeductu urbis Romae is a profoundly political document written in part to assist Nerva at a perilous moment of dynastic rupture and uncertainty in the imperial court. A highly respected senator, Frontinus was a key figure both in legitimizing Nerva’s reign and in engineering Trajan’s succession. His tenure as curator aquarum was also fitted to this role. After the Praetorian uprising in summer 97 CE, his reforms of the aqueduct system took on greater urgency as he found ways to use water as a tool to sway senatorial opinions toward Nerva and, by fall of that year, toward Trajan. Yet he was adopting reforms and expansions of the system that had begun under Domitian. The large aqueduct projects Domitian had begun—including, it is argued, the early phases of the Aqua Traiana—were occupying Frontinus’ watermen when he entered office; this led him to misrepresent their efforts on Domitianic projects outside the city as petty thievery and corruption. He probably suspended the incipient Aqua Traiana but continued more advanced projects that promised a quicker political reward.
Protecting cardiomyocytes from hypoxia-reoxygenation injury, empaglifozin and liraglutide alone or in combination?
Authors: Amici Francesca , Ciarlo Christian , Abumusallam Jenine , Kravitz Madeline , Weber Angel-Rose , Meister Hanna , Li Zhao
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Empagliflozin, a sodium-dependent glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, and liraglutide, a GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, are commonly recognized for their cardiovascular benefits in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In prior studies, we have demonstrated that both drugs, alone or in combination, were able to protect cardiomyocytes from injury induced by diabetes. Mechanistic investigations also suggested that the cardioprotective effect may be independent of diabetes In this study, we utilized a hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) model to investigate the cardiovascular benefits of SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin and GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist liraglutide, both alone and in combination, in the absence of T2D. Our hypothesis was that empagliflozin and liraglutide, either individually or in combination, would demonstrate cardioprotective properties against H/R-induced injury, with an additive and/or synergistic effect anticipated from combination therapy.

Methods

In this study, the cardiac muscle cell line, HL-1 cells, were treated with vehicle, empagliflozin, liraglutide, or a combination of the two drugs. The cells were then subjected to a hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) protocol, consisting of 1 h of hypoxia followed by 24 h of reoxygenation. The effects of the treatments on cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, phospho-protein kinase C (PKC) beta and phospho-eNOS (Thr495) expression were subsequently evaluated at the end of the treatments.

Results

We found that H/R increased cytotoxicity and reduces eNOS activity, empagliflozin, liraglutide or combination treatment attenuated some or all of these effects with the combination therapy showing the greatest improvement.

Conclusions

Empagliflozin, liraglutide or combination of these two have cardioprotective effect regardless of diabetes. Cardioprotective effects of SGLT2 inhibitor and GLP-1R agonist is additive and synergistic.
High-intensity combination exercise has the highest effect on increasing serum irisin and interleukin 6 levels in women with obesity
Authors: Hasanah Uswatun , Rejeki Purwo Sri , Wungu Citrawati Dyah Kencono , Pranoto Adi , Izzatunnisa Nabilah , Rahmanto Ilham , Halim Shariff
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Lifestyle, overnutrition, socioeconomic status, environmental conditions, and genetics are factors that cause obesity. Lifestyle modification with a nonpharmacological approach based on physical exercise is the starting point in overcoming obesity. However, physical exercise with the appropriate and effective intensity for obese subjects is still debated. Therefore, this study aims to prove the effect of intensity differences with aerobic-resistance combination exercise on increasing irisin and IL-6 levels in obese women.

Methods

A total of 32 obese women were selected as subjects and administered the interventions of low-intensity combination exercise (Q2), moderate-intensity combination exercise (Q3), and high-intensity combination exercise (Q4). ELISA was used to measure irisin and IL-6 levels in all samples. Statistical analysis used one-way ANOVA and Turkey’s-Honest Significant Difference (HSD) post hoc test.

Results

The mean Δ IL-6 levels in the control groups (Q1), Q2, Q3, and Q4 were 0.27 ± 2.54, 2.07 ± 2.55, 5.99 ± 6.25, and 7.98 ± 2.82 pg/mL with (p=0.015). The mean Δ irisin levels were 0.06 ± 0.81 ng/mL in Q1, 0.59 ± 0.67 ng/mL in Q2, 1.99 ± 1.65 ng/mL in Q3, 4.63 ± 3.57 ng/mL in Q4 with (p=0.001).

Conclusions

This study proved that all three types of combined exercise intensity increased myokine levels, such as irisin and IL-6. However, high-intensity combination exercise provided the most optimal improvement in myokine levels in obese women. Future studies are needed to design long-term exercise programs specifically for obese adolescent women using the findings from this study.
Cliques in derangement graphs for innately transitive groups
Authors: Fusari Marco , Previtali Andrea , Spiga Pablo
Published: March 2024

Given a permutation group 𝐺, the derangement graph of 𝐺 is the Cayley graph with connection set the derangements of 𝐺.
The group 𝐺 is said to be innately transitive if 𝐺 has a transitive minimal normal subgroup.
Clearly, every primitive group is innately transitive.
We show that, besides an infinite family of explicit exceptions, there exists a function

f
:

N
→
N

f\colon\mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{N}

such that, if 𝐺 is innately transitive of degree 𝑛 and the derangement graph of 𝐺 has no clique of size 𝑘, then

n
≤

f
⁢

(
k
)

n\leq f(k)

.
Motivation for this work arises from investigations on Erdős–Ko–Rado type theorems for permutation groups.
A generalization of the Brauer–Fowler theorem
Authors: Skresanov Saveliy V.
Published: March 2024

The famous Brauer–Fowler theorem states that the order of a finite simple group can be bounded in terms of the order of the centralizer of an involution.
Using the classification of finite simple groups, we generalize this theorem and prove that if a simple locally finite group has an involution which commutes with at most 𝑛 involutions, then the group is finite and its order is bounded in terms of 𝑛 only.
This answers a question of Strunkov from the Kourovka notebook.
Comparative study of single pump all optical fiber amplifiers (POAs) with ultra wide band and high gain fiber optic parametric amplifiers in highly nonlinear fibers
Authors: Gopalan Anitha , Simon Judy , Hemalatha Thoti , Mandhala Venkata Naresh , Neelamegam Nalini , Sukumar Binu , Madian Faten Kamel
Published: March 2024

This paper has clarified comparative study of single pump all optical fiber amplifiers with ultrawide band and high gain fiber optic parametric amplifiers in highly nonlinear fibers. Different amplifiers gain is demonstrated versus system distance for different light amplifiers in highly nonlinear fiber channel. As well as amplifier gain is clarified against system distance for different light amplifiers in DCF, DSF and NZDSF fiber channel. The mechanism of generation of single idler signal is studied based on single signal and pump signal. Moreover the mechanism of generation of single idler signal is analyzed and investigated clearly based on signal and two pump signals. Amplifier bandwidth is demonstrated against system distance for different fiber channel types in the presence of POA amplifiers based on 100 mW, 300 mW and 500 mW pumping power. The map of the signal losses is discussed and clarified versus wavelength band in the presence of all amplification techniques. Light signal per noise ratio and bit error rates are demonstrated against system distance for different fiber channel types in the presence of POA amplifiers based on 100 mW, 300 mW and 500 mW pumping power. POA is more suitable for the operation in HNLF fiber channel in compared to other proposed fiber communication channels. All optical amplifiers operation performance gain efficiency is compared together in different fiber channel media. The system can be employed with POAs for the fiber reach up to 100 km distance with a suitable amplifier gain and bandwidth. An important criteria for any amplifier is its gain and bandwidth for the compensation of the system loss and dispersion together. The optimum suitable pumping power is clarified for upgrade the system amplifier performance signature.
Thermal transport energy performance on tangent hyperbolic hybrid nanofluids and their implementation in concentrated solar aircraft wings
Authors: Obalalu Adebowale Martins , Khan Umair , Olayemi Olalekan Adebayo , Zaib Aurang , Ishak Anuar , Sherif El-Sayed M.
Published: March 2024

The primary heat source from the sunlight is solar energy (SE), which is used in photovoltaic (PV) panels, solar power plates, PV, streetlights, and solar-based hybrid nanocomposites. Currently, research is focused on analyzing and improving the efficiency of SE, particularly for powering aircraft, by combining solar power with nanotechnology advancements. As such, this study focuses on examining concentrated solar power and proposes a method to improve the performance of solar airplanes by employing nanotechnology. Furthermore, the work is based on the investigation of the flow rate, thermal distribution, and entropy generation of the magnetized tangent hyperbolic hybrid nanofluid (HNF) along the interior parabolic solar trough collector of an aircraft wing. This work utilizes similarity variables to simplify the partial derivative model into ordinary differential equations. These equations are then solved using the Galerkin weighted residual approach with the help of MATHEMATICA 11.3 software. From the obtained outcomes, it is reflected that the HNFs have high thermal conductivity than the NF. Intensification of Weissenberg number improves the performance of airplane wings subjected to heat transmission. Therefore, this research contributes to improved thermal management in advanced nanotechnology and solar aircraft.
Infrastructure System Obstacles and Technology Adoption by Firms in Transition Countries
Authors: Anderson John E. , Toshmatova Muazzam
Published: March 2024

This study uses business survey data to analyze firm perceptions of infrastructure systems in transition countries as obstacles to conducting business. Factors that contribute to reported perceptions are modeled, including country macroeconomic conditions, firm characteristics, and measures of overall reforms and infrastructure system reforms. Identified obstacles arise from binding constraints that limit economic growth, reflect implicit shadow costs, and signal areas in need of policy reform or infrastructure investment. The analysis covers electric power, telecommunications, transportation, and water and wastewater infrastructure systems. Also examined is whether transition indicators of reforms, intended to reflect improvements, are associated with perceptions of obstacles. Beyond identifying infrastructure obstacles and the effects of reforms during the transition process, we also explore firm adoptions of new electronic technologies, essentially a new infrastructure system, as they use email, websites, cell phones, and high-speed Internet in their business activity.
Care of People Living with Dementia in Bulgaria: Between Over-Responsibility to the Family and Distrust in Public Health Services and Policies
Authors: Goncharova Galina , Karamelska Teodora
Published: March 2024

Thirty years after the transition to democracy in Bulgaria, there is a lack of social and community support for people living with dementia and for their families and caregivers. Both residential and assisted living facilities in the country have remained both unpopular and underdeveloped, and based on in-depth biographical and expert interviews and focus groups, we shall discuss the subjective experience of informal caregivers of people living with dementia, accumulated in the confined space of home and family. We shall try to show how inconsistent application of the European Union’s social policies as well as the existence of enduring socio-cultural stereotypes relating to parental care places caregivers in passive, but over-responsible and implicitly critical positions towards the management both of public and private services for older people in Bulgaria.
Synthesis and characterizations of Cu2MgSnS4 nanoparticles by solvothermal method
Authors:   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, 9 Yinbing Street, Yancheng 224051, PR China, Guan H. , Xu J. X. ,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, 9 Yinbing Street, Yancheng 224051, PR China, Yang Z. Y. ,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, 9 Yinbing Street, Yancheng 224051, PR China, Qian X. Y. ,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, 9 Yinbing Street, Yancheng 224051, PR China, Zhao M. Q. ,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, 9 Yinbing Street, Yancheng 224051, PR China
Published: March 2024

Cu2MgSnS4 (CMTS) nanoparticles are successfully prepared via a solvothermal approach. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman reveal that pure zinc-blende CMTS phase is obtained. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that CMTS nanoparticles exhibit microsphere structure. The band gap of as-obtained CMTS nanoparticles is calculated to be 1.68eV, indicating a potential candidate for tandem solar cells. The degradation rate of methylene blue (MB) with under visible-light irradiation is about 87%, indicating that CMTS can be useful for effective visible-light photocatalyst.
Study of electronic structure, elastic and thermodynamic properties of Cu2MgSnS4 under different pressures
Authors:   School of Materials Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China, Hou H. J. , Fan Su ,   School of Materials Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China, Wang H. Y. ,   School of Materials Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China, Chen W. X. ,   School of Materials Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China, Lu X. W. ,   School of Materials Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China, Zhang S. R. ,   School of Physics, Electronics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418008, China, Xie L. H. ,   School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
Published: March 2024

The electronic structure, elastic and thermodynamic properties of Cu2MgSnS4 was studied based on density functional theory (DFT). The results show that Cu2MgSnS4 is a direct bandgap semiconductor. The B/G of Cu2MgSnS4 is greater than 1.75, indicating that Cu2MgSnS4 is a ductile material. Through the study of thermodynamic properties, it is found that the temperature increases, the bulk modulus B and Debye temperature Θ decrease, while the heat capacity CV, entropy S, Grüneisen constant γ and thermal expansion coefficient α increase, and the heat capacity is close to the Dulong-Petit limit. As the pressure increases, the bulk modulus B, Debye temperature Θ increases, while the entropy S, Grüneisen constant γ and heat capacity CV decrease.
Investigation of optical and dispersion parameters poly vinyl alcohol doped Safranin O dye (PVA/SO) thin film
Authors:   Department of Physics, College of Science, Basrah University, Basrah – Iraq, Bahrani F. , Jasim I. K. ,   Department of Physics, College of Science, Basrah University, Basrah – Iraq, Abdullah A. Q. ,   Department of Physics, College of Science, Basrah University, Basrah – Iraq
Published: March 2024

Optical characteristics of polyvinyl alcohol/Safranin O dye (PVA/SO) thin films prepared by casting technique have been examined. Compositions and crystalline features of PVA/SO thin films are investigated with X-Ray Diffraction analyses. Ultraviolet–Visible spectroscopy has been utilized to measure the absorption and transmission optical properties of the thin films through the wavelength range 300-900 nm. Two regions can be recognized in absorption coefficient related to the direct band gaps, which are about 3.93 eV of the fundamental energy gap and 2.11eV of the onset gap. The theoretical WempleDiDomenico model has been performed to quantify the static refractive index n and the dispersion energy in addition to the oscillation energy (Eo). The results reveal that the data of the refractive index dispersion in this model obeyed the single oscillator, which is used to deduce the dispersion and the high frequency dielectric constant. In the examined wavelength range, it has been investigated the complex dielectric constant of PVA/SO dye thin films. The ratio of the carrier concentration to the effective mass has been estimated. Oscillation energy values have been examined in this study by describing the expression Eo ≈ Eg and checking the Wemple-DiDomenico model. PVA/SO thin films have interesting physical properties for solar cell applications.
Biogenic selenium nanoparticles: their dual impact on spleen and growth in arthritic mice
Authors:   Department of Medical Lab Technology, The University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (22620), Pakistan., Qamar N. , John P. ,   Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad (44000), Pakistan
Published: March 2024

Selenium is known to be an important element for growth and splenic microenvironment regulation. About 5–10% of RA patients presented enlarged spleen along with low levels of selenium than the normal individuals. The current study aims to determine the effects of biogenic selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on the growth and spleen of healthy and arthritic mice. Biogenic SeNPs were evaluated for their adverse as well as therapeutic effects on the growth rate and splenic integrity of healthy and arthritic Balb/c mice. The tested doses of SeNPs significantly reduced the growth of mice along with splenomegaly in biosafety profiling while the treatment revealed dose-independent improvement in the growth of arthritic mice as compared to untreated arthritic control with no adverse effect on spleen. Concluding, selenium levels directly affect the growth of mice with no harm to splenic integrity in arthritic mice, however further investigation is required to develop a new method for evaluating the efficacy of Se sources.
Performance analysis of OTFT with varying semiconductor film thickness for future flexible electronics
Authors:   Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Poornima University Jaipur, India, Jain S. K. , Joshi A. M. ,   Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, India, Kirpalani C. ,   Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Poornima University Jaipur, India
Published: March 2024

The goal of this study was to get a deeper understanding of the intricate impact of organic semiconductor thickness on the performance of devices, using a thorough and meticulous investigation at the microscopic level incorporating the density of defect model using using Silvaco ATLAS TCAD Simulator. The present work thoroughly investigates the relationship between the thickness of semiconductors and important performance parameters, such as hole concentration, electric potential, electric field, and Hole QFL. The comprehensive insights derived from this research not only enhance the comprehension of device physics but also provide a framework for the systematic enhancement of electronic devices. The widespread use of organic thin film transistors (OTFT) in future Flexible electronics, particularly in display and memory circuits, necessitates the incorporation of low voltage, high speed, and low cost characteristics.
Structural and magnetic characterizations of Co substituted Ni-Cu-Zn nanoferrites
Authors:   Department of Physics, Dhanamanjuri University, Imphal-795001, Manipur, India, Sianglam Ch. , Singh L. R. ,   Department of Physics, D.M College of Science, Dhanamanjuri University, Imphal-795001, Manipur, India, Thangjam B. ,   Department of Physics, D.M College of Science, Dhanamanjuri University, Imphal-795001, Manipur, India
Published: March 2024

Co substituted Ni-Cu-Zn nanoferrites with the compositional formula Cox Ni0.5−x Cu0.3 Zn0.2 Fe2O4 (where x=0.0, 0.1, 0.2) were synthesized by Citrate Precursor method. The as prepared samples were calcined at 950o C for 30 min using a conventional muffle furnace. Characterizations were carried out using XRD, FESEM and VSM techniques.XRD peaks conform to spinel type structure. FESEM micrographs showed surface morphology. Magnetic characterizations were carried out by employing VSM technique. This paper investigates the synthesized samples as potential electronic materials for Multilayer Chip Inductor (MLCI).
Synthesis and Exploring structural, magnetic, morphology and optical properties of La2−xAlxCuO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) perovskite nanoparticles by microwave-assisted combustion method
Authors:   Department of Physics, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Vel Nagar, Avadi, Chennai-600 062, Tamil Nadu, India, Yuvaraj S. , Aji Udhaya P. ,   Department of Physics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India, Deepa S. ,   Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies, Pallavaram, Chennai 600 117, Sundararajan M. ,   PG & Research Department of Physics, Paavendhar College of Arts & Science, M.V. South, Thalaivasal, Salem, Tamil Nadu 636 121, India, Jothiramalingam R. ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia, Al-Lohedan H. ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia, Al-Sigh H. ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia, Nazeer A. A. ,   College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwo— 24341, Republic of Korea
Published: March 2024

La2CuO4 perovskite nanoparticles doped with aluminum were synthesized through the microwave-assisted combustion technique. Comprehensive studies on the structural, magnetic optical, functional and morphological properties were conducted using various techniques, including XRD, EDX, VSM, DRS-UV, FT-IR and FESEM respectively, .The XRD patterns of pristine La2CuO4 and Al-doped La2CuO4 unequivocally validated the exclusive development of a perovskite structure, devoid of any impurities. Nevertheless, the augmentation in Al3+ content (x = 0–0.25) induced a noteworthy phase shift from orthorhombic to cubic configuration. The average crystallite dimensions spanned from 54 to 41 nm. Distinct FT-IR bands at approximately 687 and 434 cm-1 were intricately linked to the La-O and Cu-O stretching modes inherent to the orthorhombic La2CuO4 phase. The energy gap determined through the Kubelka–Munk (K–M) methodology, experienced an elevation concomitant with the heightened Al3+ content (1.67–1.72 eV), attributable to quantum confinement phenomena. Within the La2-xAlxCuO4 (x = 0 to 0.25) system, the genesis of nanoscaled crystallized grains, interspersed with pores resulting from the amalgamation of grains, was evident. Analysis of hysteresis curves unveiled the emergence of soft ferromagnetic behavior at ambient temperature.
Sr0.99Zr(PO4)2:0.01Eu3+ ceramic glass for photoluminescence applications
Authors:   Department of Physics, Government Arts College for Women, Salem, India, Thiruveni N. , Mathammal R. ,   Department of Physics, Sri Sarada college for women (Autonomous), Salem, India
Published: March 2024

This paper reports the first-time synthesis of Sr0.99Zr(PO4)2:0.01Eu3+ nanophosphor via solution combustion method using glycine as fuel at a fuel-to-oxidizer ratio of 1:1. The PXRD pattern confirmed the formation of the desired phase, while the Scherrer calculation revealed an average particle size of approximately 60 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) further corroborated the particle size, estimating it around 75 nm. The material exhibited a characteristic mesoporous structure, a hallmark of the solution combustion synthesis technique. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy revealed two intense emission peaks at 590 nm and 615 nm, attributed to Eu3+ ions, suggesting potential applications in LED technology. CIE coordinates indicated emission close to the white region defined by the NTSC standard
Bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in osteoarthrosis accompanied by osteodeficiency conditions (review)
Authors: Galashina Elena A. , Gladkova Ekaterina V. , Ulyanov Vladimir Yu. , Kauts Oleg A.
Published: March 2024

Objective: to define bone mineral density and bone turnover indicators in primary osteoarthrosis accompanied with osteodeficiency conditions of varying severity as a means of early osteoarthrosis detection in individuals. Review method. We analyzed 157 Russian and foreign studies of 2005-2022 retrieved from e-Library, Medline, PubMed, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, SpringerLink и Elsevier. The keyword search in Russian and English involved "primary osteoarthritis", "osteoporosis", "osteopenia", "bone mineral density", "markers of bone resorption", "bone formation markers", "bone metabolism regulators", "RANKL/RANK/OPG system". 35 studies were considered the most valuable and eventually reviewed. Conclusion. The analysis suggested that primary osteoarthrosis accompanied by osteodeficiency conditions can be assessed by determining bone mineral density, bone turnover indicators as well as bone turnover regulators.
Contribution of Professor Michail I. Raisky to the development of forensic examination and medicine (to the 150th birth anniversary) (review)
Authors: Zavyalov Arkady I. , Petrov Vyacheslav V. , Ishchenko Yuri V. , Karapetyan Vladimir D.
Published: March 2024

The article presents the scientific, practical and pedagogical activities of Professor M. I. Raisky, his contribution to the development of domestic forensic examination and medicine and the creation of the Saratov Scientific School of Forensic Physicians and the training of scientific personnel in the first half of the twentieth century. The paper covers the issues of organization for the improvement of the educational process and the teaching of forensic examination and medicine to students and doctors in medical universities, as well as students in law institutes of our country.
Effect of Mega Railway Projects on Small and Medium Construction Companies: Impact and Problems
Authors: Ab Hakim Nurul Atiqah , M. Farouk Abdelrahman , Wan Ahmad Saffuan , A. Rahman Rahimi
Published: March 2024

Railway mega-projects are typically enormous large-scale investment projects that require a long time to develop and build. However, compared to other types of transportation, the railway is a safe mode of land transportation. Therefore, development such as railway mega-projects positively impacts small and medium construction companies. This study aims to study the impact of railway mega-projects on small and medium construction companies and investigate the problems that small and medium construction companies experience involving railway mega-projects. This study used a qualitative method of open-ended interviews to collect data from small and medium construction companies. The collected data from twenty individuals were analyzed using the thematic analysis method. The results show that the challenges of mega railway projects are divided into technical and resources. Apart from that, job opportunities are the main factor contributing to the impact of mega railway projects. The study contributes by providing insights on the impact of mega railway projects on small and medium construction companies and the challenges involving mega railway projects.
IMPROVING FILM QUALITY USING SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS IN PHOTOGRAPHY STUDIOS
Authors: Mohd Zainudin Nurhaizan , Idris Nur Kamila , A. Rahman Rahimi
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this case study was to explore how software solutions can be utilised to improve film quality in photography studios. It focused on the issues faced by a photography studio located in Kangar, Perlis, such as dirty images and damaged films. A survey was administered to 51 working photographers to elicit important insights regarding user preferences and experiences, allowing for a more in-depth grasp of their needs and expectations. The findings revealed that software solutions can be utilised to enhance various aspects of film production, including image clarity, colour accuracy, noise reduction, and overall aesthetic appeal. It also addressed the issue of software flaws and application malfunctions, emphasising the need to use dependable software to avoid disruptions and improve photo editing quality. Photography studios are recommended to combine both high-quality equipment and software programs to optimise business operations, improve overall film quality, and ultimately increase client satisfaction.
Light sources based on CdTe/CdS/ZnS heterostructures
Authors: Slyotov M.M. , Slyotov O.M. , Кinzerska O.V. , Мazur T.M. , Horichok I.V. , Mazur M.P.
Published: March 2024

The optimal modes of isovalent substitution and the CdTe/CdS/ZnS heterostructure obtained for the first time were established, the main parameters of the band structure of the constituent heterolayers and the characteristics of the obtained radiation sources were determined. The high quantum efficiency η ≈ 12-14 % of surface ZnS is caused by isovalent impurities. The band structure parameters of the obtained isovalently substituted CdS layers of atypical cubic modification and their luminescence efficiency of η ≈ 7-8 % were established. The emission of the resulting layers is localized in the edge region of the material and is formed by interband emitting transitions and the dominant annihilation of bound excitons.
Effect of Fines on the Properties of Fibre Networks
Authors:   Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Paper Technology, Retulainen E. , Moss P. ,   Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Paper Technology, Nieminen K. ,   Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Paper Technology
Published: March 2024

The fines of mechanical and chemical pulps have a character very distinct from their respective fibre fractions. The fines can be regarded as a special furnish component and the optimum quality and percentage of fines in the sheet depends on the properties of the fibre fraction used. An addition of suitable fines can improve remarkably the properties of a printing paper. This paper deals with the structural, optical and strength properties of fibre networks, as influenced by fibre coarseness and the introduction of different types of fines. The response of these networks to calendering is also studied. Fibre fractions of different coarseness and lignin content are used. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) is used to determine the changes in the structure and microscopic roughness of the sheet.
Effect of Fibre Bonding on the Tensile Strength of Printing Papers
Authors:   Abo Akademi University, Pulping Technology, Lönnberg K. B.
Published: March 2024

Printing papers contain both chemical pulp and mechanical pulp. Chemical pulp fibres are commonly used as reinforcement, while mechanical pulp maintains opacity and printability. Modelling was performed to provide hypothetical interrelationships between strength and bonding capacity of the fibres. It is suggested that the paper strength, within certain limits, is described by the number and type of bonds occurring in the fibre network. The number of possible bonds was determined as the optically active total area of the fibres, i.e. the light scattering coefficient. Actual bonds occur only when potential bonds are accessible, and accessibility should be improved with increased fibre flexibility and compressibility. It implies that paper sheet density has to be introduced into the model along with the light scattering coefficient. In addition, the tensile strength of the paper is supposed to depend on rheological conditions, i.e. shearing speed that is determined as the tensile speed, and viscoelasticity of the paper describing the type of bonds.
The J-integral as a Parameter for Characterizing the Fracture Toughness of Paper
Authors:   Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry and the Pulp & Paper Centre, University of Toronto, Yuhara Takashi , Kortschot M. T. ,   Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry and the Pulp & Paper Centre, University of Toronto
Published: March 2024

In this study, the methods used by both industry and paper physicists for evaluating paper toughness (resistance to breakage) are critically reviewed, and a new method for determining the critical value of the J-integral, Jc, is presented. Difficulties arising from the use of tensile strength and tensile energy absorption in the evaluation of paper toughness are highlighted. Jc values obtained with the Leibowitz non-linear technique were relatively close to those obtained with a new method developed by the authors when the latter was used in conjunction with key-curve analysis for determining the critical point. This result suggests that the Liebowitz non-linear technique may give a relatively accurate J integral value at the crack initiation point with less experimental effort. Experimental results show that it may also be possible to use notched specimens in the standard tensile testing configuration for J-integral estimation, which would be an attractive method for industry.