bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polyaniline doped with poly(acrylamidomethylpropanesulphonic acid): electrochemical behaviour and conductive properties in neutral solutions
Authors: Lyutov Vladimir , Ivanov Svetlozar , Mirsky Vladimir , Tsakova Vessela
Published: February 2013

Poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulphonic acid) (PAMPSA)-doped polyaniline (PANI) layers are synthesised in the presence of sulphuric and perchloric acids. The effects of the inorganic acid as well as of the electrochemical synthetic procedure (potentiostatic and potentiodynamic deposition) and thickness of the polymer layers are studied. The focus is directed towards the pH dependence of the electrochemical redox activity and conductivity of the PAMPSA-doped PANI layers obtained under different conditions. Ascorbic acid oxidation is used as a test reaction to study the electrocatalytic behaviour of various PAMPSA-doped PANI layers in neutral solution. It is found that the type of inorganic component present in the polymerisation solution has a marked effect on the extent of doping in acidic solutions as well as on the redox electroactivity in neutral solutions. A comparison between potentiostatically and potentiodynamically synthesised layers at pH 7 shows a markedly lower conductance and lower extent of redox charge preservation in the case of potentiodynamic synthesis. The PANI electrocatalytic activity for ascorbic acid oxidation is also dependent on the polymer electrodeposition procedure, with potentiostatically synthesised layers exhibiting better electrocatalytic performance.
Multi-wall carbon nanotubes with nitrogen-containing carbon coating
Authors: Tomšík Elena , Morávková Zuzana , Stejskal Jaroslav , Trchová Miroslava , Šálek Petr , Kovářová Jana , Zemek Josef , Cieslar Miroslav , Prokeš Jan
Published: February 2013

Polyaniline coating was deposited on the surface of multi-wall carbon nanotubes of Russian and Taiwanese origin in situ during the polymerization of aniline. The deposited polyaniline film was subsequently carbonized under an inert atmosphere at various temperatures to produce coaxial coating of the carbon nanotubes with nitrogen-containing carbon. The new materials were investigated by infrared and Raman spectroscopies, which demonstrated the conversion of the polyaniline coating to a carbonized structure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy proved that the carbonized overlayer contains nitrogen atoms in various covalent bonding states. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the coaxial structure of the composites. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method was used to estimate the specific surface area, the highest being 272 m2 g−1. The conductivity of 0.9–16 S cm−1 was measured by the four-point method, and it was only a little affected by the carbonization of the polyaniline coating.
Flexibility of active-site gorge aromatic residues and non-gorge aromatic residues in acetylcholinesterase
Authors: GhattyVenkataKrishna Pavan , Chavali Neelima , Uberbacher Edward
Published: February 2013

The presence of an unusually large number of aromatic residues in the active site gorge of acetylcholinesterase is a subject of great interest. Flexibility of these residues has been suspected to be a key player in controlling the ligand traversal in the gorge. This raises the question of whether the over-representation of aromatic residues in the gorge implies higher-than-normal flexibility of these residues. The current study suggests that it does not. Large changes in the hydrophobic cross-sectional area due to dihedral oscillations are probably the reason of their presence in the gorge.
Effect of compression pressure on mechanical and electrical properties of polyaniline pellets
Authors: Valentová Helena , Prokeš Jan , Nedbal Jan , Stejskal Jaroslav
Published: February 2013

While conductivity and other electrical properties are key parameters in the design of polymer electronics, equally important mechanical properties of conducting polymers have rarely been reported. The influence of preparation conditions of polyaniline pellets on mechanical and electrical properties was therefore studied. Conductivity of polyaniline is commonly measured using pellets prepared by the compression of powder. It is shown that a pressure of at least 300 MPa is needed to obtain a reliable value of conductivity. At lower pressures, the samples have lower apparent conductivity, density, Young modulus, and hardness. Above the compression limit of 300 MPa, these parameters become constant, except for the density. The same behavior was observed both for conducting polyaniline hydrochloride and for the non-conducting polyaniline base. The puzzling observation that density of the pellets decreased as the compression pressure increased is discussed considering the relaxation processes.
Charter Management Organizations and the Regulated Environment
Authors: Goodman Joan F.
Published: February 2013

Urban minority children are increasingly being educated at public schools run by charter management organizations (CMOs) characterized by a highly rule-ordered and regulated environment. These rules, enforced through continuous streams of reinforcements and penalties, while contributing to a tight focus on academics and a safe culture, have associated costs. The article scrutinizes four CMO commonalities, along with their implications: the pervasive adult monitoring of students, targeting behaviors tangential to learning, attributing independent agency to children who deviate, and student derogation by adults. It is concluded that rules can indeed be protective, but if not counterbalanced with opportunities for genuine choice and personal agency, the rules may quell students’ desires and shrink their aspirations. A blanketing emphasis on obedience can create conditions for accepting instruction, but alone, it is dangerous, for students will not have developed their own compass to resist negative models.
Making Sense of Assessment Feedback in Higher Education
Authors: Evans Carol
Published: February 2013

This article presents a thematic analysis of the research evidence on assessment feedback in higher education (HE) from 2000 to 2012. The focus of the review is on the feedback that students receive within their coursework from multiple sources. The aims of this study are to (a) examine the nature of assessment feedback in HE through the undertaking of a systematic review of the literature, (b) identify and discuss dominant themes and discourses and consider gaps within the research literature, (c) explore the notion of the feedback gap in relation to the conceptual development of the assessment feedback field in HE, and (d) discuss implications for future research and practice. From this comprehensive review of the literature, the concept of the feedback landscape, informed by sociocultural and socio-critical perspectives, is developed and presented as a valuable framework for moving the research agenda into assessment feedback in HE forward.
Extensive Reading Interventions for Students With Reading Difficulties After Grade 3
Authors: Wanzek Jeanne , Vaughn Sharon , Scammacca Nancy K. , Metz Kristina , Murray Christy S. , Roberts Greg , Danielson Louis
Published: February 2013

This synthesis extends a report of research on extensive interventions in kindergarten through third grade (Wanzek & Vaughn, 2007) to students in Grades 4 through 12, recognizing that many of the same questions about the effectiveness of reading interventions with younger students are important to address with older students, including (a) how effective are extensive interventions in improving reading outcomes for older students with reading difficulties or disabilities and (b) what features of extensive interventions (e.g., group size, duration, grade level) are associated with improved outcomes. Nineteen studies were synthesized. Ten studies met criteria for a meta-analysis, reporting on 22 distinct treatment/comparison differences. Mean effect sizes ranged from 0.10 to 0.16 for comprehension, word reading, word reading fluency, reading fluency, and spelling outcomes. No significant differences in student outcomes were noted among studies related to instructional group size, relative number of hours of intervention, or grade level of intervention.
EXTRATERRITORIAL JURISDICTION TO ENFORCE IN CYBERSPACE? BODIN, SCHMITT, GROTIUS IN CYBERSPACE
Authors: Hildebrandt Mireille
Published: February 2013

What is at stake if justice authorities decide to hack a computer system that is physically located on a server outside the territory of the state they represent – for instance, because a malicious attack was operated from foreign territory, causing serious harm to a variety of computing systems? The article explores potential answers to this question, starting with a discussion of the makings of territorial jurisdiction. My starting point is an inquiry into the territorial spatiality of modern jurisdiction that traces the history of the idea of mutually exclusive jurisdiction that informs international law. I will argue that such territorial spatiality has been generated by the technologies of cartography and discuss how this connects with the notion of terror, with Bodin’s absolute sovereignty, and with Schmitt’s understanding of occupatio as central to territorial sovereign jurisdiction. Next, I investigate the powers of extraterritorial jurisdiction in the light of Grotius’s Mare Liberum. His natural law theory entails that the high seas be seen ‘as a passage’ and ‘a global commons’ that enable free trade and the common good of mutual collaboration between independent states. The eschatological overtones of Grotius’s belief in the moral and economic benefits of free trade have been coined ‘economic theology’ by Agamben, paraphrasing Schmitt’s ‘political theology.’ We can detect a similar ‘economic theology’ in early descriptions of the benefits of cyberspace. This, finally, raises the question of the feasibility and the desirability of a ‘cyberspace liberum,’ taking into account various attempts to gain control over parts of cyberspace for instance, by means of a so-called indirect extraterritorial effect. I conclude with the question of whether we can sustain cyberspace as a passage and as a global commons, considering its non-modern spatiality and keeping in mind how it engages with the landscape of territorial jurisdiction while often evading that jurisdiction’s core of mutually exclusive boundaries.
Autologous Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells for the Treatment of Crohn's Fistula: A Phase I Clinical Study
Authors: Cho Yong Beom , Lee Woo Yong , Park Kyu Joo , Kim Mihyung , Yoo Hee-Won , Yu Chang Sik
Published: February 2013

The present study was designed to evaluate the safety and potential of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) for the treatment of Crohn's fistula. In this dose escalation study, patients were sequentially enrolled into three dosing groups with at least three patients per group. The first three patients (group 1) were given 1 × 107 cells/ml. After 4 weeks, this dose was deemed safe, and so an additional four patients (group 2) were given 2 × 107 cells/ml. Four weeks later, after which this second dose was deemed safe, a third and final group of three patients were given 4 × 107 cells/ml. Each patient was followed for a minimum of 8 weeks. Patients who showed complete healing at week 8 were followed up for an additional 6 months. Efficacy endpoint was complete healing at week 8 after injection, defined as complete closure of the fistula track and internal and external openings without drainage or signs of inflammation. There were no grade 3 or 4 severity adverse events, and there were no adverse events related to the study drug. Two patients in group 2, treated with 2 × 107 ASCs/ml, showed complete healing at week 8 after injection. Of the three patients enrolled in group 3, treated with 4 × 107 ASCs/ml, one showed complete healing. Outcome in another patient was assessed as partial healing due to incomplete closure of the external opening, although the inside of fistula track was filled considerably and there was no drainage. All three patients with complete healing at week 8 showed a sustained effect without recurrence 8 months after injection. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the tolerability, safety, and potential efficacy of ASCs for the treatment of Crohn's fistula and provides support for further clinical study.
Body Piercing in “Modern Primitivism” and in Thailand's Vegetarian Festival: A Comparative Study
Authors: Cohen Erik
Published: February 2013

Western “modern primitivists” and spirit mediums at the Vegetarian Festival in southern Thailand are the leading practitioners of body piercing in the contemporary world. This comparative study finds that they share a similar marginal social background and aspirations for
individual distinction through body piercing, but differ radically in the cultural context, specific practices, and kinds of objects used for piercing. “Modern primitivists” are pierced by relatively small piercing objects, which combine with tattoos as part of their everyday attire.
Entranced spirit mediums, believed to be possessed by Chinese deities, tend to be pierced by spectacular piercing objects, but only during the Chinese shrines' street processions in course of the annual Vegetarian Festival. In contrast to the “modern primitivists,” who are shunned
by mainstream society, the spirit mediums are worshipped as deities by devotees, and constitute a major, but ambiguous attraction for foreign tourists: while piercings are “real,” and hence “authentic,” the sight of gruesome self-mutilation by some pierced mediums may
offend the tourists' sensibilities. The article concludes with the observation that some “authentic” sights might be too hard for some tourists to bear and will hence repel rather than attract them. “Bearability” is thus a factor mitigating the attractiveness of such
sights.
The Use and Abuse of “Clearly” in Tourism Research
Authors: Dann Graham M. S.
Published: February 2013

In this critical review article, Professor Dann analyzes the pervasive and unjustifiable overuse of the word “clearly” in Anglophone daily life, to the point where he maintains it has become almost devoid of meaning. His argument proceeds in four stages. First, the etymology
of “clearly” is explored by examining various dictionary and thesaurus meanings of the word along with its employment in a number of Internet sites. Second, its uncritical acceptance in everyday English speech is demonstrated in a few typical broadcast and print media news accounts,
ranging for example from George W. Bush's decision to go to war in Iraq to smoking bans in public places. Third, and most importantly, the spill-over into tourism research is shown to rest on several ideological assumptions—those of growth, causality, focus, definition, theory, presentation,
and evaluation. Finally and crucially, a recommended exercise in reflexivity is undertaken by Professor Dann that highlights instances of self-invoked “clarity” in his own work over the past 35 years in topics as diverse as motivation, nostalgia, and olfactory tourism. It is thus
maintained that, because tourism research (including his own) is replete with instances of opaque discourse sheltering under the shaky positivist umbrella of presumed clarity, it is arguably time to eliminate this linguistic prop of research dissemination and substitute it with genuine interpersonal
exchange of interpretative understanding. (Editor's introduction)
Ethnography of Hope in Extreme Places: Ahrendt's Agora in Controversial Tourism Destinations
Authors: Isaac Rami K. , Platenkamp Vincent
Published: February 2013

In this critical review article, Isaac and Platenkamp present the case that tourism is not isolated from the world's dramatic situations in which humanity is at stake. Their argument principally centers on the devastating historical and contemporary conflict in Palestine and its relations
with tourism. In this article, Isaac and Platenkamp maintain that (in relation to current happenings in Palestine) ethical and moral argumentation would be beside the point, and might even be a “cynical” exercise. They suggest that the conflict there is imbued with many kinds of
normative argumentation. It is their view that positions need to be taken with regard to “Palestine,” as in all extreme circumstances, where at the same time respect for the other positions becomes crucial. In this critical review article, therefore, Arendt's idea of “agora”
will be introduced, in order to create a space where these “respectful positions” can be taken in a public arena and in order to contribute to a possible peaceful development. To Isaac and Platenkamp, tourism could enable this sort of “peaceful development” and
could promote or help empower conditions where violence would be excluded, and where different sorts of “argumentation” could be generated and heard about these so-called “controversial spaces.” In these respects, they maintain that tourism is a challenging field, because
it has (itself) many faces—and they argue that such scenarios for “tourism” indeed could apply/should be applied for many controversial other spaces like Nepal and Burma (for instance) where (as in Palestine) the original population has no say in any economic development,
such as that of tourism. But Isaac and Platenkamp recognize that (even in Burma) resistance against injustice can never be destroyed. Their own principal focus remains targeted upon Palestine, though. There, tourism is known to have “an incredibly high potential,” despite the fact
that (in their view) a strong and powerful “Israeli self” indeed controls the “humiliated Palestinian other.” Thus, to our two reviewers in the Netherlands, therefore, tourism seems to be a communicative activity that might enable the implementation of Arendt's idea
of and about “the agora.” Isaac and Platenkamp suggest that there is no violence in the agora, itself, because only the force of argumentation rules . . . there. (Editor's Introduction)
Group Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy for Children With Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study
Authors: Wu Wen-Chi , Hung Jen-Wen , Tseng Chiung-Yi , Huang Yi-Ching
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE. We investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of group-based constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) for children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy in a clinical setting.

METHOD. Seven children received CIMT together under the guidance of two occupational therapy practitioners, 2.5 hr/day, 5 days/wk for 4 wk. We used the Grasping and Visual–Motor Integration subtests of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales to assess the primary outcome and the Functional Skills and Caregiver Assistance Scales of the Pediatric Evaluation Disability Inventory to assess the secondary outcome. Children were examined at preintervention, postintervention, and 1- and 3-mo follow-up.

RESULTS. Children demonstrated significant improvement on all outcome measures after intervention (all ps < .05, effect sizes = .39–.84), and effects were maintained at 3-mo follow-up.

CONCLUSION. This preliminary study revealed that group-based CIMT for children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy may be a feasible and effective alternative to individual CIMT in clinical practice.
Making the Best Match: Selecting Outcome Measures for Clinical Trials and Outcome Studies
Authors: Coster Wendy J.
Published: February 2013

Selecting an appropriate outcome measure is a critical step in designing valid and useful clinical trials and outcome studies. This selection process needs to extend beyond examining basic psychometric properties to consider additional features of instruments that may affect their validity and utility for the study’s purpose. This article discusses these additional factors and their potential impact on outcome measurement. Guidelines are proposed to help clinical researchers and consumers of clinical research literature evaluate the match between the study purpose, population, and instrument.
Effects of Constraint-Induced Therapy Combined With Eye Patching on Functional Outcomes and Movement Kinematics in Poststroke Neglect
Authors: Wu Ching-Yi , Wang Tien-Ni , Chen Yu-Ting , Lin Keh-Chung , Chen Yi-An , Li Hsiang-Ting , Tsai Pei-Luen
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE. We investigated the effect of constraint-induced therapy (CIT) plus eye patching (EP), CIT alone, and conventional treatment on functional performance, eye movement, and trunk–arm kinematics in stroke patients with neglect syndrome.

METHOD. Twenty-four participants were recruited and randomly allocated to three intervention groups. All participants received intervention 2 hr/day, 5 days/wk, for 3 wk. Outcome measures included the Catherine Bergego Scale, eye movement, and trunk–arm kinematic analysis.

RESULTS. The CIT + EP and CIT groups demonstrated larger improvements in functional performance than the control group. The CIT group showed better performance with left fixation points than the CIT+EP group and shorter reaction time than the control group. The CIT + EP group improved more in preplanned control and leftward trunk shift than the other two groups.

CONCLUSION. CIT + EP and CIT were more effective interventions than conventional treatment of patients with neglect syndrome in daily functional performance.
A University–Industry Collaborative Response to the Growing Global Demand for Student Talent
Authors: Vauterin Johanna Julia , Linnanen Lassi , Michelsen Karl-Erik
Published: February 2013

The supply of student talent is now taking on an increasingly global dimension and this has extended the breadth of university–industry interaction. Set in the context of a rapidly growing international student market, knowledge transfer between academia and business through global student talent supply is an emerging practice. This paper introduces the philosophical and methodological viewpoints and arguments underlying a forthcoming study of university–industry partnering in the global context for higher education. As such, the authors are not seeking answers to the question, but rather reflecting on how answers may be obtained. They propose an interpretive phenomenological approach to explore the nature, meaning and value of university–industry partnering in attracting and retaining the best student talent from around the world.
RP-LC Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Gliquidone, Pioglitazone Hydrochloride, and Atorvastatin in Formulations and Human Serum
Authors: Mirza Agha Zeeshan , Arayne M Saeed , Sultana Najma
Published: February 2013

The objective of this research was to develop and validate a rapid, economical, and sensitive HPLC method for quantitative determination of gliquidone, pioglitazone hydrochloride, and atorvastatin in tablets and serum. Due to drug combination of these formulations, there has been a need for a reliable quantitative method to determine these drugs in commercial samples and human serum. The chromatographic separation was carried out at ambient temperature with a mobile phase consisting of methanol–water (90 + 10, v/v), with pH adjusted to 3.50 with phosphoric acid. The pump was operated at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, and all analytes were detected at 235 nm. The method was linear over the concentration range of 5–50 μg/mL for all the drugs. The LOD of gliquidone, pioglitazone hydrochloride, and atorvastatin was 0.30, 1.30, and 0.57 μg/mL and LOQ was 0.98, 4.28, and 1.90 μg/mL, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of these drugs in commercial tablets and human serum. The established method was validated with respect to specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and ruggedness.
HPTLC Method for Simultaneous Analysis of Stevioside and Rebaudioside-A in Stevia rebaudiana
Authors: Londhe Smita V , Nanaware Sadhana M
Published: February 2013

An HPTLC method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of stevioside (STE) and rebaudioside-A (REB-A) in Stevia rebaudiana leaves. The HPTLC separation was performed on precoated silica gel 60F254 HPTLC plates with the mobile phase ethyl acetate–ethanol–acetone–water (15 + 3 + 6 + 6, v/v/v/v). The densitometric quantification of steviol glycosides was carried out at λmax 580 nm in the reflection-absorption mode after spraying with anisaldehyde–sulfuric acid reagent. Rf values were 0.34 and 0.28 for STE and REB-A, respectively. The content of STE and REB-A in leaf extract was found to be 6.94 and 6.35%, respectively. The method was validated in terms of precision, accuracy, specificity, and robustness. The method can be useful for routine analysis of the sweeteners.
Systemicity of Chlorantraniliprole in Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)
Authors: Chen Xiao-Jun , Cui Hai-Rong , Fan Shu-Qin , Wang Meng , Lu Chunliang , Yang Yi-Zhong
Published: February 2013

The systemicity of chlorantraniliprole was investigated and evidence was collected for formulating strategies in controlling vegetable or rice pests. Systemicity of chlorantraniliprole was investigated through chlorantraniliprole application on velvetleaf ( butilon theophrasti) leaves as well as through hydroponic experiments. The roots of velvetleaf were incubated in chlorantraniliprole solution with a concentration of 50 μg/mL; the concentrations of chlorantraniliprole in xylem above the solution parts were 3.14, 5.67, and 6.89 μg/g at 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment. When the roots were incubated in chlorantraniliprole solution with a concentration of 200 μg/mL, the concentrations of chlorantraniliprole in xylem above the solution reached 6.48, 8.76, and 10.55 μg/g at 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment. Chlorantraniliprole was not detected in the phloem above the solution after these two treatments. When chlorantraniliprole solution with a concentration of 100 μg/mL was applied on mature leaves, chlorantraniliprole was found in xylem above the mature leaves at concentrations of 0.55, 0.74, and 0.92 μg/g at 24, 48, and 72 h after the treatment. No chlorantraniliprole was detected in the leaves below the mature leaves or the phloem above them. When chlorantraniliprole solution with a concentration of 100 μg/mL was applied on apical leaves, no chlorantraniliprole was detected in the xylem or phloem below them. These results indicated that chlorantraniliprole can be transported through xylem only upward, but chlorantraniliprole has no phloem mobility in velvetleaf.
Determination of Florfenicol in Fish Feeds at High Inclusion Rates by HPLC-UV
Authors: Hayes John
Published: February 2013

This paper presents a modification of the HPLC- UV method for the determination of florfenicol in fish feed to allow its use for medicated feeds with inclusion rates as high as 6 g/kg. The work was undertaken to make the method, previously validated over a range from 0.2 to 4 g/kg, applicable to higher concentration medicated feeds required for certain warmwater species. Method validation experiments confirmed that the modified method is suitable for quantitation of florfenicol in fish feed over an expanded 0.2–6 g/kg range. Accuracy was evaluated by two analysts over a range of 4–9 g/kg (up to 150% of the highest incorporation rate). The average accuracy was 100.1% (SD 0.4%). The accuracy data were used to evaluate repeatability and intermediate precision (interday and analyst). Proof of performance was conducted by replicate analysis of samples taken from commercial scale batches of salmonid and catfish feeds medicated at 4 g/kg and 6 g/kg.
Best Practices for Single-Laboratory Validation of Chemical Methods for Trace Elements in Foods. Part I—Background and General Considerations
Authors: Murphy Cory J , MacNeil James D , Capar Stephen G
Published: February 2013

The metals subgroup of AOAC INTERNATIONAL's Community on Chemical Contaminants and Residues in Food has been engaged for the past several years in discussions concerning the requirements for the single-laboratory validation (SLV) of methods for the determination of trace elements in foods. This paper reviews the general guidance currently available related to validation of chemical analytical methods and current typical validation practices found in publications on the analysis of elements in food and other matrixes, such as environmental and clinical samples. Based on the available guidance on SLV requirements and a review of current practices in elemental analysis, a general approach based on best practices is proposed for SLV of a method for elements in food to demonstrate the method as “fit-for-purpose.”
Poor Interoperability of the Adams-Harbertson Method for Analysis of Anthocyanins: Comparison with AOAC pH Differential Method
Authors: Brooks Larry M , Kuhlman  Kuhlman Benjamin J , McKesson Doug W , McCloskey Leo
Published: February 2013

The poor interoperability of anthocyanin glycosides measurements by two pH differential methods is documented. Adams-Harbertson, which was proposed for commercial winemaking, was compared to AOAC Official MethodSM 2005.02 for wine. California bottled wines (Pinot Noir, Merlot, and Cabernet Sauvignon) were assayed in a collaborative study (n = 105), which found mean precision of Adams- Harbertson winery versus reference measurements to be 77 ± 20%. Maximum error is expected to be 48% for Pinot Noir, 42% for Merlot, and 34% for Cabernet Sauvignon from reproducibility RSD. Range of measurements was actually 30 to 91% for Pinot Noir. An interoperability study (n = 30) found Adams-Harbertson produces measurements that are nominally 150% of the AOAC pH differential method. Large analytical chemistry differences are: AOAC method uses Beer-Lambert equation and measures absorbance at pH 1.0 and 4.5, proposed a priori by Flueki and Francis; whereas Adams-Harbertson uses “universal” standard curve and measures absorbance ad hoc at pH 1.8 and 4.9 to reduce the effects of so-called co-pigmentation. Errors relative to AOAC are produced by Adams-Harbertson standard curve over Beer-Lambert and pH 1.8 over pH 1.0. The study recommends using AOAC Official Method 2005.02 for analysis of wine anthocyanin glycosides.
Ozone precursors have regionally variable effect on radiative forcing
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: February 2013

When released near the surface, carbon monoxide, assorted nitrogen oxides (NOx ), and nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC) contribute to the production of ozone, a key component of photochemical smog, which is known to have serious deleterious effects on human health. However, when ozone gets lifted into the troposphere, it is a greenhouse gas. That these ozone precursors have such a dual‐pronged effect—affecting both human health and the global radiation budget—suggests that mitigating their emissions could be a potential method to both improve air quality and dampen the rate of anthropogenic climate change.
ChemInform Abstract: Sillen—Aurivillius Intergrowth Phases as Templates for Naturally Layered Multiferroics.
Authors: Liu S. , Mueller W. , Liu Y. , Avdeev M. , Ling C. D.
Published: February 2013

A new series of transition metal‐doped Sillen—Aurivillius phases, Bi6Ti2MO14Cl (M: Cr, Mn, Fe), is prepared by solid state reaction of the corresponding metal oxides and BiOCl (evacuated quartz tube, 1093 K (Cr, Fe) or 1043 K (Mn), 20—100 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Homo‐ and Heterovalent Substitutions in the New Clathrates I Si30P16Te8‐xSex and Si30+xP16‐xTe8‐xBrx: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Thermoelectric Properties.
Authors: Abramchuk Nikolay S. , Carrillo‐Cabrera Wilder , Veremchuk Igor , Oeschler Niels , Olenev Andrei V. , Prots Yurii , Burkhardt Ulrich , Dikarev Evgeny V. , Grin Juri , Shevelkov Andrei V.
Published: February 2013

The new title clathrates are synthesized by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of Si, P, Te, Se, and TeBr4 (sealed quartz tube, 1173—1373 K, 96—168 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Heteroatomic Zintl Anions in Liquid Ammonia — The New Highly Charged [Sn4Bi4]4‐ and Fully Ordered [Sn2Bi2]2‐.
Authors: Friedrich Ute , Neumeier Maria , Koch Carina , Korber Nikolaus
Published: February 2013

Compounds (II) and (IV) are characterized by single crystal XRD, electron spray mass spectrometry, and ab initio calculations on the Hartree Fock level.
ChemInform Abstract: Subtle Impact of Atomic Ratio, Charge and Lewis Basicity on Structure Selection and Stability. The Zint Anion [(La@In2Bi11)(μ‐Bi)2 (La@In2Bi11)]6‐.
Authors: Weinert Bastian , Weigend Florian , Dehnen Stefanie
Published: February 2013

Black, prismatic crystals of [K([2.2.2]crypt)]6{ [La@In2Bi11](μ‐Bi)2 [La@In2Bi11]}·3en·3toluene are synthesized by addition of a suspension of [La(C5Me4H)3] (tris(tetramethylcyclopentadienyl)lanthanum) in toluene to a solution of [K([2.2.2]crypt)]2[InBi3]·en in en (vigorous stirring, 20 °C, 3 h, 11% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Benzimidazole Annulated New Heterocyclic Compounds: Synthesis of New Polycyclic Pyrazole Derivatives.
Authors: Khalil Mohamed Ali A.
Published: February 2013

Polyfunctional pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, and azepine derivatives of potential pharmaceutical interest are synthesized starting from 2‐cyano‐2‐(1,3‐dioxo‐2‐indenylidene)benzimidazole (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Annulated Arenes and Heteroarenes Involving Lewis Acid Mediated Regioselective Annulation of Unsymmetrical 1,2‐(Diaryl/diheteroarylmethine)dipivalates.
Authors: Sivasakthikumaran Ramakrishnan , Nandakumar Meganathan , Mohanakrishnan Arasambattu K.
Published: February 2013

In the presence of ZnBr2 unsymmetrical 1,2‐(diarylmethine)dipivalates undergo simple, versatile, and regioselective ring closure to afford various polycyclic skeletons.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver(I)‐Catalyzed Deprotection of p‐Methoxybenzyl Ethers: A Mild and Chemoselective Method.
Authors: Kern Nicolas , Dombray Thomas , Blanc Aurelien , Weibel Jean‐Marc , Pale Patrick
Published: February 2013

A number of p‐methoxybenzyl ethers as well as esters undergo efficient and selective deprotection.
ChemInform Abstract: A Chemoselective, One‐Pot Transformation of Aldehydes to Nitriles.
Authors: Laulhe Sebastien , Gori Sadakatali S. , Nantz Michael H.
Published: February 2013

A number of functional groups such as alcohols, ketones, esters, and amines is tolerated.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis by Amberlite IR‐120 Resin: A Rapid and Green Method for the Synthesis of Phenols from Arylboronic Acids under Metal, Ligand, and Base‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Mulakayala Naveen , Ismail Ismail , Kumar Kottur Mohan , Rapolu Rajesh Kumar , Kandagatla Bhaskar , Rao Pallavi , Oruganti Srinivas , Pal Manojit
Published: February 2013

Hydroxylation of arylboronic acids in the presence of recyclable, strongly acidic cross‐linked Amberlite results in formation of the corresponding phenols in good to excellent yields within a short time.
ChemInform Abstract: Divergent Synthesis of Benzene Derivatives: Broensted Acid Catalyzed and Iodine‐Promoted Tandem Cyclization of 5,2‐Enyn‐1‐ones.
Authors: Yang Fang , Qiu Yi‐Feng , Ji Ke‐Gong , Niu Yan‐Ning , Ali Shaukat , Liang Yong‐Min
Published: February 2013

The title reactions allow convenient access to methoxy‐, ethoxy‐, iodomethoxy‐, iodoethoxy‐, and diiodobenzenes.
ChemInform Abstract: syn‐Selective Asymmetric Mannich Reaction of Sulfonyl Imines with Iminoesters Catalyzed by the N,N,N‐Tridentate Bis(imidazolidine)pyridine (PyBidine)—Cu(OTf)2 Complex.
Authors: Arai Takayoshi , Mishiro Asami , Matsumura Eri , Awata Atsuko , Shirasugi Mayu
Published: February 2013

The reaction is effective for the N‐tosyl and N‐4‐nosylimines but can not be applied to the 2‐nosylimines.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium Porphyrin Catalyzed Friedel—Crafts Type Reaction of Arenes with Imines.
Authors: Terada Takuma , Kurahashi Takuya , Matsubara Seijiro
Published: February 2013

Two ruthenium‐porphyrin complexes are utilized in the Friedel‐Crafts type reaction of arenes with imines.
ChemInform Abstract: On Differences Between Racemic and Enantiomerically Pure Forms of Aziridine‐2‐carboxamide.
Authors: Turks M. , Rijkure I. , Belyakov S. , Zicane D. , Kumpins V. , Bizdena E. , Meikas A. , Valkna A.
Published: February 2013

A straightforward, reproducible and scalable method for the synthesis of both enantiomers of aziridine‐2‐carboxamide (Leakadine) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Generation of Zinc Carbenes from Alkynes: Zinc‐Catalyzed Cyclopropanation and Si—H Bond Insertion Reactions.
Authors: Vicente Ruben , Gonzalez Jesus , Riesgo Lorena , Gonzalez Javier , Lopez Luis A.
Published: February 2013

A new approach for the title generation of zinc carbenes is disclosed and accomplished in cyclopropanation and Si—H bond insertion reactions by using an easily available, inexpensive, and low toxic catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Furan‐3‐carboxylic and 4‐Methylene‐4,5‐dihydrofuran‐3‐carboxylic Esters by Direct Palladium Iodide Catalyzed Oxidative Carbonylation of 3‐Yne‐1,2‐diol Derivatives.
Authors: Gabriele Bartolo , Mancuso Raffaella , Maltese Vito , Veltri Lucia , Salerno Giuseppe
Published: February 2013

The Pd‐catalyzed reaction of ynediols bearing primary or secondary hydroxy groups at C1 with CO, alcohols, and air allows a new and convenient access to diverse furan‐3‐carboxylic esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct α‐Arylation of α‐Amino Carbonyl Compounds with Indoles Using Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis.
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Qiang , Hu Ming , Huang Xiao‐Cheng , Gong Lu‐Bing , Xie Ye‐Xiang , Li Jin‐Heng
Published: February 2013

The title reaction provides a new and mild approach to a number of indole products of type (III), (V), and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium(II) Catalyzed Synthesis of Unsaturated Oxazolines via Arene C—H Bond Alkenylation.
Authors: Li Bin , Devaraj Karthik , Darcel Christophe , Dixneuf Pierre H.
Published: February 2013

Monoalkylation of arene C—H bonds directed by an oxazoline group to afford bifunctional alkenes (III) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel 5,6‐Dihydropyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines via Grob Reaction Between (E)‐1,1,1‐Trifluoro‐3‐nitro‐2‐butene and 3,4‐Dihydroisoquinolines.
Authors: Korotaev Vladislav Y. , Sosnovskikh Vyacheslav Y. , Barkov Alexey Y. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Shklyaev Yurii V.
Published: February 2013

A simple one‐step procedure to synthesize 5,6‐dihydropyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines such as (III) and (V) without any catalyst is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Cyanoguanidine Derivatives of Loratadine.
Authors: Liu Wukun , Zhou Jinpei , Zhang Tong , Zhang Huibin , Zhu Haiyang , Cheng Yanhua , Gust Ronald
Published: February 2013

Desloratadine (I), synthesized according to previously published methods, is reacted with thioates (II) to yield the target compounds (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Method for the Synthesis of Spiro[indoline‐pyrazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine]triones by Alum as a Reusable Catalyst.
Authors: Shirvan Sadif A. , Ghahremanzadeh Ramin , Moghaddam Mojtaba Mirhosseini , Bazgir Ayoob , Zarnani Amir Hassan , Akhondi Mohammad Mehdi
Published: February 2013

Title compounds (IV) are efficiently synthesized through a three‐component one‐pot reaction using [bmim]PF6 as an effective green reaction medium.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalized Carbodiimide Mediated Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones via the Tandem Strategy of C‐Nucleophilic Addition and Intramolecular NH‐Substitution Cyclization.
Authors: Nakano Hayato , Kutsumura Noriki , Saito Takao
Published: February 2013

An aza‐Wittig reaction of iminophosphorane (I) with isocyanates (II) forms carbodiimides which are coupled as crude products with various organometallic reagents to give access to a broad spectrum of fused pyrimidine structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Functionalized 2,3‐Dihydro‐1,4‐benzoxazines via [5 + 1] Annulations of 2‐Halo‐1,3‐dicarbonyl Compounds with Imines.
Authors: Zhang Ya‐Ru , Xie Jian‐Wu , Huang Xu‐Jiao , Zhu Wei‐Dong
Published: February 2013

If chloromalonate is used as starting material, the yields are much lower.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Catalytic Hydroboration of Propargylic Species Using Cu(I)‐NHC Complexes.
Authors: Park Jin Kyoon , Ondrusek Brian A. , McQuade D. Tyler
Published: February 2013

The reaction course, i.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Seven‐Membered‐Ring trans‐Alkenes from Dienes and Aldehydes by Silylene Transfer.
Authors: Greene Margaret A. , Prevost Michel , Tolopilo Joshua , Woerpel K. A.
Published: February 2013

The title oxasilacycloheptenes are formed in two steps involving the Ag(I)‐catalyzed silylene transfer from silacyclopropane (II) to dienes, followed by insertion of aldehydes into the generated vinylsilacyclopropanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Serrin D, a New Ent‐Kaurane Diterpenoid from Isodon serra
Authors: Yan Fu‐Lin , Xie Rui‐Jie , Yin Yan‐Yan , Zhang Qing
Published: February 2013

isolation, structure determination and antitumor activity
ChemInform Abstract: Ferroelectric Polymer Gates for Non‐volatile Field Effect Control of Ferromagnetism in (Ga,Mn)As Layers
Authors: Stolichnov I. , Riester S. W. E. , Mikheev E. , Setter N. , Rushforth A. W. , Edmonds K. W. , Campion R. P. , Foxon C. T. , Gallagher B. L. , Jungwirth T. , et al. et al.
Published: February 2013

Review: 62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination Versatility of sp3‐Hybridized Pincer Ligands Toward Ligand—Metal Cooperative Catalysis
Authors: Gelman Dmitri , Musa Sanaa
Published: February 2013

Review: 105 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Cataylzed Addition of C‐, N‐ and O‐Nucleophiles to Unactivated C—C Multiple Bonds
Authors: Patil Nitin T. , Kavthe Rahul D. , Shinde Valmik S.
Published: February 2013

Review: ca. 500 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Assembly and Binding in Aqueous Solution: Useful Tips Regarding the Hofmeister and Hydrophobic Effects
Authors: Gibb Bruce C.
Published: February 2013

Review: 108 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Plasticity in the Copper—Thioether Bond: Manifestation in Blue Cu Proteins and in Synthetic Analogues
Authors: Reedijk Jan
Published: February 2013

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Merging Microfluidics and Sonochemistry: Towards Greener and More Efficient Micro‐Sono‐Reactors
Authors: Fernandez Rivas David , Cintas Pedro , Gardeniers Han J. G. E.
Published: February 2013

Review: 102 refs.
Rock‐magnetic artifacts on long‐term relative paleointensity variations in sediments
Authors: Yamazaki Toshitsugu , Yamamoto Yuhji , Acton Gary , Guidry Emily P. , Richter Carl
Published: February 2013

Long‐term changes of geomagnetic field intensity, including possible dependence on lengths of polarity intervals, provide fundamentally important information for understanding the geodynamo. A positive correlation between paleointensity and polarity interval length was previously suggested from an Oligocene (ca. 23–34 Ma) relative paleointensity record at Deep Sea Drilling Program Site 522 in the Atlantic Ocean, which is the only continuous paleointensity data set published so far for this age interval. We have conducted a paleomagnetic study of Eocene to Oligocene sediments at three sites in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. Our objectives include revisiting the issue of the paleointensity‐polarity length correlation. Magnetic properties of the sediments meet the frequently used criteria for reliable relative paleointensity estimation. Although short‐wavelength normalized remanence intensity fluctuations associated with polarity boundaries and possible geomagnetic excursions agree among the three sites, long‐term changes are inconsistent. Apparent positive correlation between normalized intensity and polarity length was observed, but the normalized intensity has an obvious anti‐correlation with the ratio of anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) to isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM), which is mainly controlled by the relative abundance of biogenic and terrigenous magnetic minerals. Furthermore, the normalized intensity correlates with sedimentation rate. These facts indicate a lithological contamination on the normalized intensity records. The dependence on ARM/IRM and sedimentation rate is also evident at Site 522. It is inferred that variations in sedimentation rate and the relative abundance of biogenic magnetite on depositional remanent magnetization acquisition efficiency may not be well compensated by the normalization. It is therefore premature to conclude that stronger geomagnetic fields were recorded during longer polarity intervals from currently available normalized intensity records.
Effect of sea ice morphology during Arctic summer on atmospheric drag coefficients used in climate models
Authors: Lüpkes C. , Gryanik V. M. , Rösel A. , Birnbaum G. , Kaleschke L.
Published: February 2013

Realistic modeling of polar sea ice dynamics and atmospheric processes over sea ice needs a detailed representation of the near‐surface atmospheric fluxes of momentum. In this study, parametrizations of neutral drag coefficients mostly used in different general circulation models are compared with a recently developed parametrization including the impact of sea ice morphology. The new parametrization, using the sea ice and melt pond fraction as governing parameters, accounts for the effect of form drag caused by edges at leads, melt ponds, and floes. Based on remote sensing data of ice and melt pond fraction, it is shown that during Arctic summer the traditionally used drag coefficients differ from the new ones by a factor 0.5–1.2. The geographic distribution of drag coefficients obtained from both parametrizations is very different. Differences are due to a nonlinear and non‐monotonic dependence of drag coefficients on sea ice concentration in the new parametrization.
Energetics of weakening and recovery of the Atlantic overturning in a climate change simulation
Authors: Saenko Oleg A.
Published: February 2013

An idealized climate change simulation is used to investigate the energetics of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) at the stages of its weakening and recovery. There is a good correlation between the strength of the AMOC and the available potential energy (APE) in the upper 3 km of the ocean, integrated north of 50°N or globally, both during the weakening and recovery. Buoyancy forcing is important at both stages. In the Southern Ocean, the APE gradually builds up and correlates with the depth of pycnocline in the Atlantic Ocean. This suggests that mechanical forcing plays an important role in the recovery of the AMOC.
Evolution and future of the Lusi mud eruption inferred from ground deformation
Authors: Rudolph M. L. , Shirzaei M. , Manga M. , Fukushima Y.
Published: February 2013

The ongoing eruption of the Lusi mud volcano in East Java, Indonesia offers the unprecedented opportunity to study a large eruption from its beginning to its eventual end. We use new observations of ground deformation obtained from multitemporal interferometric analysis of L‐band synthetic aperture radar data to show that Lusi will stop erupting much sooner than previously anticipated. Using principal component analysis, we find that the rate of ground deformation, and by implication, pressure in the mud source region, has been decaying exponentially with an e‐folding time scale of 2.1 ± 0.4 years. We anticipate that discharge will decrease to 10% of the present rate in 5 years.