bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sociology and Demography: The Roles, Connections, and Purposes of Sciences
Authors: Ivanenko Olena , Koregin Oleksandr
Published: October 2022

The article deals with a long-standing, almost unknown to the modern generation of Ukrainian sociologists, discussion of the role and relationship of sociology and demography in population studies as well as about why the tradition to name science, which, in fact, studies people as a social subsystem, ”demography”, and the processes in the population, their patterns and social policy to regulate them — "demographic". The problem is that the term “demography” (gr. dēmos – “the people', graphy –“writing, description or measurement”) at one time originated and established itself as the name of population statistics, because it has as its subject the description of quantitative characteristics of the population, while the science which subject is qualitative analysis of the population, there is sociology. In the West, the sociological nature of science, which studies the patterns of population functioning, is generally accepted. This is evidenced by the fact that in the United States the vast majority of specialists in population problems being trained in the specialty "sociology of population" in dozens of departments of sociology. On the other hand, on our territory the sociology of population is almost not developing which, in particular, is evidenced by the fact that we do not train specialists in this area at all. This is the result of a long-standing campaign during which the opinion was imposed on Soviet scientists that the science, the subject of which is a comprehensive study of population, is demography, and that the latter cannot have a sociological nature, since sociology has a completely different subject. In this article based on the analysis of the actions motivation of the famous Soviet statistician, demographer and sociologist B. Urlanis, the initiator of the named campaign, it is shown that its real reason was the need to protect the sociology from the real threat of curtailing the study of population in the 60s of the XX century, when sociology which had just started to revive in the USSR after a long ban, could fall along with all its branches under a new prohibition. In the context of the growth of the population crisis in Ukraine and the institutional non-recognition of the science of population as a field of sociology, the lack of training of specialists in the sociology of population only contributes to the deepening of this crisis.
Application of basics of actor-network approach to sociology of professions
Authors: Kurovska Hanna
Published: October 2022

The article is devoted to theoretical approaches in the domain of sociology of professions and in particular the application of the concepts of actor-network theory in the study of the phenomenon of professions. Social transformations of the late XX — early XXI centuries, and, in particular, changes in the professional structure of society lead to criticism of the profession as a category of analysis and the existing analytical apparatus of "social sociology" in the study of professions and occupations. The article lists and considers the main paradigms and approaches to the study of the phenomenon of professions in the sociological perspective, the main angles and emphases within these approaches. The text presents the basic terms and ideas of the actor-network approach as one of the sociological perspectives, presents the basic terms and concepts of this area of sociological theorizing. An attempt was made to apply the concepts of actor-network approach to the profession as a socio-technical actor network and the formation of the profession (professionalization) as a process of translation and creation of the actor network, "monopolization of expertise" by the profession as an extended network. The article presents examples of consideration of the activities of professionals and their interactions in socio-technical systems in the research of the actor-network approach and considers the possibility of applying the principles of actor-network theory in the context of research professions and professional structure of society. An attempt is made to generalize the characteristics and activities of professionals carried out in the framework of research in the actor-network approach and find potential starting points for the study of professions in line with actor-network theory. Socio-technological nature of professions, the existence of the profession as a network of interactions and at the same time a professional as an actor in other networks, the length of networks of expert knowledge as the dominant way to explain phenomena, can be considered as general principles of professional activity.
Institutional states: norm, pathology, emergency
Authors: Makeiev Serhii
Published: October 2022

Uncertainty and the accumulation of risks in modern societies are almost the main challenges to institutional systems (state, market economy, education system, church, army, business). The article analytically differentiates and considers three states of institutional reality, represented by the event-time pictures of the world. Normally, institutions are relatively autonomous, in the process of their reproduction ensuring the stability of social orders and generating new problems. In pathology, some institutions form a kind of coalition, in which they lose their traditional functions, concentrating on their own sustainable reproduction. In a state of emergency caused by exceptional events (war, pandemic), the state and the army monopolize the right to legitimate violence, and other institutions lose the potential for effective functioning. This happens due to the material and financial damage caused, as happened in Ukraine since 2014 and after the armed invasion of the armies of a neighboring state on February 24, 2022. The situation of emergency in its institutional aspects remains the least conceptually equipped, and therefore not so studied.
Discursive aspect of the trustworthiness of empirical sociological knowledge
Authors: Stegnii Oleksandr
Published: October 2022

The published results of public opinion polls cease to be the subject of narrow professional discussion and become part of public discourse, which reflects the attitude of the non-sociological community to the trustworthiness of empirical sociological knowledge in the form of mass polls. The trustworthiness of empirical sociological knowledge in public space for the general public is determined by the level of confidence in the published data of mass surveys and is achieved by the methodological culture of the surveyor, which is embodied in compliance with all requirements for empirical research, including tools; the level of factual knowledge of respondents; effective participation of pollster-sociologists in the analytical interpretation of the obtained results, reasoned explanation of the answers of survey participants to socially significant questions. Publicity of the customer is also important for polls on electoral and sensitive socio-political issues. Accordingly, markers of the trustworthiness of empirical sociological knowledge in public discourse can be marked out based on two basic criteria: the transparency of the survey and the heuristic potential of the toolkit. Transparency implies maximum publicity of the algorithm for collecting empirical sociological information, including the calculation of the error of the results obtained, the publication of not only the performer but also the customer of the survey. Public information about the performer allows the public to judge his professional reputation, authority, political neutrality, (in) dependence on certain political or business entities. The heuristic potential of the toolkit provides an opportunity to thoroughly explain the results to the public, to clarify the level of factual knowledge of respondents on the subject of the survey. Under such conditions, the surveyor can adequately explain to the non-sociological community possible contradictory results, especially in the case of sensitive socio-political issues.
Mykola Kondratiev: theoretical and methodological foundations for the study of society
Authors: Kazakov Valerii
Published: October 2022

The article points out that, solving the problem of society and the aggregate as an object of science, Kondratiev develops a methodology for determining the essence of such a aggregate as society. To this end, through a system of definitions of the aggregate, he clarifies the most important parts of its structure and their most important qualities (a large number of elements, the elements themselves, their real connections and relationships, phenomena as the results of connections and interactions). In addition, through certain categories, he reveals the forms of knowledge about the aggregate, displayed in the concepts of discreteness, true objective reality, causally necessary connections, relationships, series. The latter are expressions of knowledge about uniform connections and relationships between elements and phenomena of the aggregate.
Dynamic of support for social changes in Ukraine and confessional belonging: is there a connection?
Authors: Parashchevin Maksym
Published: October 2022

The social changes that have taken place in Ukraine since independence are determined by the activities of various social actors. One such actor may be religious organizations (Churches), which include most Ukrainian believers. The expectation of such influence, especially in the direction of contributing to the building of an independent nation state, is common among politicians and public activists. However, the results of the public opinion polls show that the dominant Church in Ukraine (OCU, UOC, UGCC) has practically no influence on the changes in the orientations of the population to the restructuring of the social system. Indicators such as the idea of the role of the State in the economy and the possibility/impossibility of the free sale of land, support for the movement of Ukraine towards the EU and the Union of Russia and Belarus, awareness of State independence, national and cultural revival, the democratic development as personal values, the predominance of national identity, has changed in almost the same way over the last 20 years in groups of different Churches and non-religious people. This situation allows us to assert that changes in mass orientations about the basic components of social change are due to the action of various social factors unrelated to the positions of the dominant Churches.
Hate speech towards LGBT in Ukrainian online media
Authors: Kasianczuk Maksym
Published: October 2022

The article presents the results of a content-analytical study of 243 publications in online media of Ukraine during 2021 in comparison with the results of earlier monitorings of Ukrainian offline and online media. Analysis of both scientific literature shows that hate speech against minorities (in particular, LGBT) is an urgent issue that has a distinct practical dimension, because the spread of hate in the online environment can have the nature of an epidemic and be accompanied by an increase in violent acts. Although the results have a number of limitations (different ways of forming selective sets of media materials in the analyzed studies, lack of research consensus on the definition of hate speech, attribution of the collected data to the period before the beginning of the massive invasion of the Russian Federation troops on the territory of Ukraine and impossibility of reflecting the state of society in the war time), it showed that the number of news related to LGBT was decreasing, despite of media samples design. Publications containing hate speech were from 2 to 25%. Hate speech in these publications was usually quotes and does not express the position of the journalist. Hate speech arose in the context of both public and internal actions of the LGBT community and was accompanied by calls for violence or violence itself. Stronger hate speech was more typical for anonymous internet commentators, street hooligans (including those from organized right-wing gangs), and small local public figures. The collected materials are analyzed in the paradigm of R. Connell’s hierarchy of masculinities. Hate speech is characteristic primarily for the statements of athletes, military and politicians, that is, those who are associated in the public consciousness with the stereotypical image of a “real man”. In further studies, approaches to the formation of media samples should be standardized, as well as, the tools for automatic or semi-automatic content analysis should be developed. All this will facilitate the study of changes in hate speech in the public space.
Stress perception: A pathway from socio-economic status to health
Authors: Maltseva Kateryna
Published: October 2022

Stress research is an important area in medical sociology. Psychosocial stress accounts for negative health outcomes across various physiological systems and can have far-reaching consequences for the organism’s health. Socio-economic status, in its turn, influences the likelihood of stress exposure and how its consequences will be addressed. All in all, there is ample systematic evidence in support of complex associations between socio-economic status, stress and health outcomes. Following a series of discoveries in the biomedical sphere, our understanding of stress became considerably more complex, and the causal mechanisms of this process have become more prominent in research literature over the last few decades. Integration of this new data from biology, genetics and medicine into sociological, anthropological and socio-epidemiological research of stress has changed not only how this research niche conceptualizes and measures stress but also how the role that the society and social structures play in patterned distribution of disease, aging and mortality is understood. Although the link between stress and health is well studied, the mechanisms linking socio-economic status, the stress process and health outcomes have received rather less attention. An online quantitative study (n = 902) carried out in Kyiv during 2020–2021 focused on the question of the SES–stress link in the context of health outcomes. Specifically, the study tested the following propositions: (a) stress affects self-rated health and wellness of individuals; (b) current SES affects individual self-rated health and wellness; (c) individuals from low SES categories face higher current perceived stress levels compared to individuals from higher SES categories; (d) individuals who report having low SES in childhood have higher perceived stress levels during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to their counterparts whose familial socio-economic status was higher when they were children; and (e) having chronic conditions exacerbates individual stress levels.
Size of maturity for blue king crab Paralithodes platypus in the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk
Authors: Klinushkin S. V.
Published: October 2022

We determined the size of sexual maturity of male and female blue crabs in the northwestern part of the sea (zone of cold core action), as well as in the northeastern part of the sea and the local cluster near the Iona bank (zone of comparatively warm waters). Morphological 50% maturation of males in the northwestern part of the Sea of Okhotsk was observed at the carapace width of 73.3 mm. Similar width were demonstrated for the northeastern part of the sea and for the Iona Bank area – respectively 88.5 mm and 91.0 mm. Females in samples from the northwestern part of the sea reached functional 50% maturity at the carapace width of 71.7 mm, from the northeastern part – of 79.4 mm, and from the Iona Bank – of 81.0 mm. Comparison with available literature data showed that blue crab in the northwestern part of the Sea of Okhotsk has probably the slowest growth rate, and the crabs have the smallest size at maturity compared to individuals in the other areas.
Opilio snow crab in the Shelikhov Bay and adjacent waters of the Sea of Okhotsk: state in 1996–2014 and prospects for the use of the stock
Authors: Shaginyan E. R.
Published: October 2022

The character of the spatial distribution of the opilio snow crab commercial males in different areas of the northeastern part of the Sea of Okhotsk is considered based on the data collected in 1996–2010 and 2014. The densest aggregations of the crab revealed are in the Shelikhov Bay and adjacent sea waters. Size composition of the males and their size-frequency distribution were analyzed, the average commercial size is figured out. Conclusions about the state of the stock of opilio snow carb in the area considered and the prospects for its development are made.
On the application of high resolution satellite data in the analysis of the temperature condition dynamics in the pre-estuarine part of Kamchatsky Gulf area
Authors: Tepnin О. B. , Soshin A. V.
Published: October 2022

Analysis of comparability of field (sub-satellite) observations of the temperature conditions in the northern part of Kamchatsky Gulf with two sets of satellite data of high resolution of the fourth level processing provided by different research groups was made based on four hydrological and acoustic surveys in June–July in 2021. Significant discrepancy in situ data and one of the satellite monitoring sets has revealed either on the absolute values and on the spatial distribution. Second set demonstrated more tight connection on both components of the research.
Dealer Intermediation in the Primary Market of Commercial Paper
Authors: Wang Ashley , Gross Max , Li Yi
Published: October 2022

The commercial paper (CP) market is an important source of short-term funding for highly-rated financial and nonfinancial firms, with over $1 trillion in outstanding assets. The Global Financial Crisis in 2008 and the COVID-19 crisis in March 2020 both demonstrated the fragility of the CP market, which seized up in both crises and only recovered following interventions from the Federal Reserve in the form of several liquidity facilities.
Strategic prospects for implementing ESG principles into the practice of management of the Russian industry with the consideration of the tasks of healthcare development
Authors: Morozova Yu. A.
Published: October 2022

The article contains analysis of the relationship between ESG ideology and the tasks of the industry and the healthcare sector. The study is aimed at formation of the principle of strategizing of the development of the Russian healthcare industry, on the one hand; and, on the other hand, at updating approaches to the implementation of ESG principles into the practice of management in Russia. On the basis of identification and clarification of cross-country patterns of mutual influence of per capita energy consumption, ecological situation and the expected lifetime (the value of which reflects the integral performance of the healthcare system) the authors discover that the latter indicator is the most relevant for Russia as the strategic indicator for evaluating the effectiveness of the action taken on the development of the economics. The authors consider it advisable to update the ESG-ideology and directly include the assessment of the influence of the economic entity on the quality of life of the employees, customers, partners and the whole society. In addition to the activities of medical and preventive organizations, production of medicines and equipment for treatment and health promotion the healthcare industry may indirectly involve a wide range of economic activities. Moreover, global healthcare is one of the most significant and profitable economic industries. Addition of the evident component of Health to the investment criteria of Ecology, Social politics, and Government (ESG) and development of the ESG+H initiative may become a catalyzer for including the Health criteria in the basic methods of business management and investment objectives of financial entities. The measurements carried out in the study indicate that the effectiveness of investment projects for healthcare in the Russian practice of the ESGideology implementation should be regarded as the key parameter with the consideration of the relevance and timeliness of establishing the National Development Goals.
ESG-strategizing of industrial companies: domestic and foreign experience
Authors: Khvorostyanaya A. S.
Published: October 2022

Strategic development of social and economic agenda in corporate sector of economy is a noticeable trend. Strategic leadership of the companies in the 21st century is impossible without consideration of the economic and public efficiency issues. Investors tend to study non-financial factors within the investment analysis to reveal non-system risks and find strategic opportunities for growth. ESG-strategizing deals with extensive directions of the company activities such as human resources policy, ethics, corporate management, corporate social responsibility, responsible investment, etc. Achieving high results in ESG-strategy triggers development of the company strategic brand, builds up long-term loyalty of the employees, investors and government agencies, as well as increases the trust of local residents in the regions of the company’s presence. The author applies the methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison and generalization. The article contains analysis of the best practices of the implementation of ESG-standards into the activity of domestic and foreign companies in different industrial sectors including automobile, oil and gas, mining and creative industries. Basing on the conducted industry benchmark the author has developed conceptual architecture of ESG approaches’ implementation into the company development strategy. Such documents of the strategy as the mission and the vision should point out the company’s commitment to ESG principles. Considering the importance of communicating information to different actors correctly, the author adduces a set of tools of the strategic communication system. Use of the strategic communication system for promoting ESG-standards should be directed towards both the external and internal environments of the company. Digital tools of strategic communication meet the criterion of zero hydrocarbon emission in the most appropriate way.
Modeling approaches and tools of the mutual influence of the migration activity of the population and economic development of the territories
Authors: Nizamutdinov M. M. , Akhmetzyanova M. I. , Aitova Yu. S.
Published: October 2022

Introduction of sanctions restrictions, curtailment of international relations that caused significant reduction of volume of foreign trade turnover and the intensity of interaction between the world countries in technological and financial area, is continuing to have a significant impact on the economic development of the Russian Federation. One of the topical tasks within the general issues of improving strategic planning mechanisms is extending the opportunities for application of the existing methods and tools for identifying the degree of interrelationship between the economic development of the territorial entities and dynamics of the migration process including the perspective of the further creation of forecast scenarios for changes in the migration attractiveness of the entities of the Russian Federation. An effective tool for solving this problem is development and implementation of various economic and mathematical models that provide the opportunity for identifying the key factors affecting the migration activity of the population, carrying out scenario forecasting to evaluate the effect of various measures of government regulation on the dynamics of social and economic development of the territories in the medium- and long-term perspectives. The study in hand involves comparative assessment of well-known approaches and tools used for imitative modelling of economic and demographic development of territorial systems with different level. The authors have conducted the analysis that made it possible to reveal the opportunities and the limits of their practical implementation within the task of evaluating the mutual influence of the migration activity of the population and economic development of the territories. Taking into account the results of assessment, the authors formulate basic principles and requirements for establishing an appropriate set of modelling tools. They justify the approach to studying the mutual influence of the migration activity of the population and economic development of the region based on the complex application of imitation modelling methods, indistinct logic, parameter analysis as well as geographical information technologies. Complex application of these methods will provide for the development of mechanisms of regulating interregional migration and allow establishing the measures for ensuring sustainable development of the economics of the regions of the Russian Federation in the long-term perspective.
Engineering personnel for the new economy
Authors: Solovyov V. P. , Pereskokova T. A.
Published: October 2022

The article studies the problem of improvement of training of engineering personnel for our economics according to the new model of its development. The country needs a technological sovereignty for its sustainable development. It is essential to make structural transformation in the economy that needs competent human resources, and especially those with technical education. Technological processes are changing significantly, and, consequently, new professions and occupations are emerging. The article indicates the disproportion on the number of higher educational institutions and the number of students between two megapolises (Moscow and St. Petersburg) and all the rest regions of Russia. The analysis of the functioning of the system of higher professional education in the 2018–2019 academic year has shown excessive contingent of students in the universities of Moscow who study for a fee. The authors suggest differentiating the Bachelors and Masters’ admission plans for school and college graduates. In recent years, our country has faced a sharp reorientation of the evaluation of educational outcomes from the concept of knowledge and skills to the concept of competency. However, the accepted within the educational standards competency approach has failed to become a breakthrough in the quality of the students’ training. It has failed to introduce any cardinal changes in the process of training and up bringing itself. The standards do not contain any recommendations on working out mechanisms of formation of graduates’ competencies for higher educational institutions. The authors suggest differentiating the concept of competency by the signs of its manifestation by an employee in his professional activity. The quality of training of the university graduates is alleged to lie in the field of teacher – learner relationships. The article reveals the need for formation of psychological and pedagogical competence of university teachers and training them to apply new pedagogical methods.
Detection of the effect of the current water crisis on the reduction of the water surface of the Po River, Italy
Authors: Nascimento Eduardo Soares , Galo Maria de Lourdes Bueno Trindade , Benini Sandra Medina
Published: October 2022

Italy has been dealing with a major environmental problem in recent times – the water crisis. It is known that this environmental problem can be caused by droughts, lack of rain, and pollution. In July 2022, the Italian government declared a state of emergency in five regions due to the intense water crisis, which coincided with one of the most severe droughts experienced in the last 70 years by the Italian territory. The 652 km-long Po River is the main and longest Italian river and has suffered greatly from the lack of water in its surroundings. This study aims to detect the changes that occurred in the Po River watershed by means of multispectral images (pre- and post-water crisis) obtained by the Sentinel-2 satellite. A methodology different from conventional ones is implemented, which highlights changes by the analysis of images acquired before and after the water crisis. The method is compared to conventional techniques that use subtraction of indexes for the detection of changes. The results obtained here are promising, as the proposed method is a fast and effective approach to mapping the effects of water crisis, besides potentiating the application of the methodology in other areas.
Expansão Urbana da zona sul de Ilhéus-BA: os condomínios fechados horizontais e a segregação
Authors: Lanza Fabiana Portilho de Resende , Batata Adriane Gomes Rodrigues
Published: October 2022

Os processos de expansão urbana tanto nas cidades de médio porte, como nas de grande, têm sido influenciados por uma nova forma de produção do espaço urbano, os condomínios fechados. Cada vez mais presentes na paisagem das cidades, essa tipologia reflete o desejo de grupos sociais específicos que, estimulados pelo mercado imobiliário, impactam o tecido urbano e social estabelecendo diferentes formas de segregação. O trabalho busca contribuir para a discussão a respeito do impacto da proliferação e consolidação de condomínios fechados horizontais em cidades de médio porte, como o município de Ilhéus, BA. Os principais resultados encontrados sugerem certa ineficiência da administração pública municipal em fazer cumprir a legislação urbana, associada a uma forte pressão do mercado imobiliário em negociar a paisagem. Tal contexto resulta em diferentes processos de segregação, como o associado à mobilidade urbana.

 

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cidades médias. Produção do espaço. Segregação. Agentes sociais. Paisagem.
Cidade e Natureza: conflitos e alternativas para melhoria de problemas ambientais na cidade de Fernandópolis-SP
Authors: Macedo Larissa Martioli , Santos Thaís Vicente
Published: October 2022

O espaço urbano e áreas verdes devem buscar uma integração harmônica para a construção de cidades ambientalmente saudáveis. Entretanto, possíveis desenhos benéficos entre área urbanizada e mais naturalizadas não têm sido adotados pelas cidades que suprem as áreas verdes e canalizam suas águas. Este é o caso de Fernandópolis, cidade do interior do estado de São Paulo, que invisibilizou seus córregos, têm uma ausência de áreas de preservação permanente e demais áreas verdejadas e sofre com problemas de drenagem urbana em diversos pontos de seu território. No entanto, existem possibilidades de redesenho de áreas já consolidadas, adotando medidas de infraestrutura verde, necessárias para evitar desastres ambientais e reintroduzir a vegetação em meio a infraestrutura cinza (concreto). Propôs-se assim, a análise de áreas críticas do município de Fernandópolis e adoção de tipologias verde como resolução dos problemas de enchentes.

 

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: natureza, cidade, infraestrutura verde.
Urbanização e Gestão do Território: A Barrinha Nos Séculos XX e XXI
Authors: Costa Maria de Lourdes Pinto Machado , Casut Pâmela Lack
Published: October 2022

Este artigo contempla o entendimento do papel desempenhado pelo tradicional setor urbano do Rio de Janeiro - Barrinha, Largo da Barra ou Barra Antiga, situado na Barra da Tijuca, Zona Oeste da cidade. O objetivo principal da pesquisa cumpriu-se ao avaliar a formação histórica e diferenciação da Barrinha, de suas particularidades e identidade, que a faz exemplar na preservação de seus ambientes natural e construído, nessa microescala urbana, assim como a afirmação da aproximação de seus moradores mais antigos entorno de atuantes associações locais. A metodologia se pautou pelo tratamento qualitativo e quantitativo de dados e informações, na aproximação com a realidade representada e transparecida. As conclusões responderam ao escopo da investigação desenvolvida sobre o percurso trilhado de uso e ocupação de seus espaços, a formação de sua morfologia, as caraterísticas que marcaram o percurso de sua urbanização, paralelamente ao constatado por seu crescimento, no contexto do bairro em que se inscreve. Mapas e fotos subsidiam análises e resultados.

 

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Urbanização, identidade, preservação, Barrinha, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro.
Ações Sociais em um Parque Urbano da Zona Leste da Cidade De São Paulo Durante A Pandemia De Covid-19
Authors: França José Ulisses Bezerra de , Nascimento Ana Paula Branco do , Marinho Francisca Jane Furtado , Régis Milena de Moura , Simões André Felipe
Published: October 2022

O momento pandêmico proporcionou o fortalecimento de ações sociais voltadas à população de comunidades com alto índice de vulnerabilidade social. Dentre os princípios da sustentabilidade urbana, está a mitigação das disparidades sociais, assunto relevante no planejamento urbano sustentável. A presente pesquisa, neste contexto, tem como objetivo relatar os serviços socioambientais oferecidos por um parque urbano durante a ainda vigente Pandemia de COVID-19; o recorte espacial escolhido, em vista da considerável disponibilidade de dados primários, foi o Parque Municipal Jardim da Conquista (PMJC), localizado na Zona Leste da cidade de São Paulo não. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória que observou, registrou, analisou e correlacionou eventos e fatos, além de usar procedimentos técnicos documentais para descrever de forma qualitativa as ações sociais realizadas no e pelo parque. O isolamento social, consequência da pandemia em curso, implicou, via de regra, no fechamento de parques urbanos, mesmo assim, o PMJC não interrompeu a prestação de serviços socioambientais aos cidadãos e passou a protagonizar, além desses serviços, determinadas ações sociais que beneficiaram cerca de seis mil famílias residentes em favelas na Zona Leste da cidade e na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP). Fato este que apontou para a possibilidade de os parques públicos urbanos também serem espaços de promoção de ações socioambientais as quais mitiguem externalidades negativas associáveis à vulnerabilidade social de moradores dessas regiões. As parcerias com a Central Única das Favelas (CUFA), com Organizações Não Governamentais (ONGs) locais e com lideranças regionais, que atuaram enquanto colaboradores para a efetivação das ações, tornaram o supracitado parque urbano o pioneiro na condição de entreposto para o recebimento e distribuição de doações (por exemplo de gêneros alimentícios, cobertores e botijões de gás) a esta população tipicamente vulnerável.

 

Palavras-chave: Espaços Verdes. Parques Urbanos. Cidade de São Paulo. Pandemia de COVID-19. Vulnerabilidade. Sustentabilidade Urbana. Mitigação de Desigualdades Sociais.
Transformation v1
Authors: Belem García González Ana
Published: October 2022

A protocol for transforming E. coli cells is shown.
Modified persistence (mP) assay v2
Authors: JP Lievens Eva
Published: October 2022

This protocol describes a modified persistence assay, as presented in the manuscript "Life history diversity and signals of trade-offs in a large group of chloroviruses" (Lievens et al., bioRxiv). It is designed to quantify the specific infectivity and mortality rate of chloroviruses (large, lytic dsDNA viruses). The protocol should also be applicable to other lytic viruses that are large enough to be counted by flow cytometry. For viruses that are not large enough to be counted by flow cytometry, this protocol could be adjusted to start with different MOIs. It would then measure the mortality rate only. Compared to a classic persistence assay (or survival assay, inactivation assay, ...), this protocol uses predetermined virion concentrations and non-linear statistical modeling to increase efficiency. Briefly, solutions containing 50000, 5000, 500, or 50 virions*/ml are prepared for each virus, these solutions are split into aliquots, and independent aliquots are used to do an MPN-like assay after 0, 7, 14, ... days. The MPN-like assay involves distributing the aliquots across 16 replicate liquid cultures of host cells (algae) and observing the number of cultures that are lysed. Statistical models are then used to estimate the initial concentration and decline of infectious virions. See the associated manuscript for a full description and schematic figure, as well as the statistical model.
PCR v1
Authors: Belem García González Ana
Published: October 2022

50 µL volume PCR protocol
Method of Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning in Systems with a Variable Number of Agents
Authors: Petrenko V. I. , Tebueva F. B. , Gurchinsky M. M. , Pavlov A. S.
Published: October 2022

Multi-agent reinforcement learning methods are one of the newest and actively developing areas of machine learning. Among the methods of multi-agent reinforcement learning, one of the most promising is the MADDPG method, the advantage of which is the high convergence of the learning process. The disadvantage of the MADDPG method is the need to ensure the equality of the number of agents N at the training stage and the number of agents K at the functioning stage. At the same time, target multi-agent systems (MAS), such as groups of UAVs or mobile ground robots, are systems with a variable number of agents, which does not allow the use of the MADDPG method in them. To solve this problem, the article proposes an improved MADDPG method for multi-agent reinforcement learning in systems with a variable number of agents. The improved MADDPG method is based on the hypothesis that to perform its functions, an agent needs information about the state of not all other MAS agents, but only a few nearest neighbors. Based on this hypothesis, a method of hybrid joint / independent learning of MAS with a variable number of agents is proposed, which involves training a small number of agents N to ensure the functioning of an arbitrary number of agents K, K> N. The experiments have shown that the improved MADDPG method provides an efficiency of MAS functioning com-parable to the original method with varying the number of K agents at the stage of functioning within wide limits.
Error Compensation in Position and Orientation of Mobile Platform of Cable-Driven Robots via Tensile Forces Measurement
Authors: Marchuk E. A. , Kalinin Ya. V. , Maloletov A. V.
Published: October 2022

The paper deals with a problem of position and orientation errors of mobile platform of large-sized parallel cabledriven robots. The advantages of parallel cable-driven robots are simplicity of structure and scalability. At the same time, parallel cable-driven robots are difficult to design due to the specific problems such as collision of cables, geometric and structural nonlinearity in the mathematical models of the main elements of the robot. In this paper, we consider the problem of eliminating the uncertainty associated with deformations of the elements of the robot structure. Such a configuration of the cable system is selected, in which the proximal anchor points of some cables can be considered without errors relatively to given positions. The cable system of a large-sized robot is mounted on the towers. The errors in the proximal anchor points relatively to given positions become significant due to the significant deformations of upper sections of the towers. The deformations of the towers in lower sections can be considered insignificant, and the proximal anchor points have to be located no higher than the middle of the tower to be considered corresponding to a given position. The aim is to compensate the position and orientation errors of the mobile platform of large-sized parallel cable-driven robot due to deformations of the cables and towers. The task suppose uncertainty about the coordinates of the proximal anchor points of the upper cables. Cable deformations are determined from Hooke’s law using tensile forces measurement in cables. The problem of compensations is solved in two stages. At the first stage, the approximate bias of the center of mass of the mobile platform along the vertical coordinate is found. It is defined as the height of the truncated pyramid, the edges of which are formed by stretched lower cables. At the second stage, rotation angles of the mobile platform are determined. Using the rotation matrix, biases in the heights of each distal anchor points are found in the tool coordinate system. In the studied cases PID regulation is used, however, more advanced techniques of automatic regulation, for example, optimal control, can provide better results. The tasks are applied to the model of large-sized symmetric parallel eight-cable-driven robot.
Control of Contactless Profilometer for Scanning Surfaces of Complex Profile
Authors: Busurin V. I. , Zhe Liu , Kudryavtsev P. S.
Published: October 2022

The research problem of a surface’s profile with an extended precision detail of irregular shape with a given accuracy is considered by the contactless scanning profilometer. The contact of the measuring block with a controlled surface needs to be excluded because of a possibility of damage of a product and, at the same time, to provide the necessary accuracy of assessment of its profile. For the solution of this task in work the double-circuit system containing two sensors is used: the distance converter on the basis of optical tunneling for the “exact” channel and the converter on the basis of a chromatic aberration for “rough” channel of scanning. It is shown that based on these measurements of the “rough” channel providing the guaranteed exception of contact of “rough” channel’s contact with a surface of the studied product. It is possible to predict situation and traverse speed of the sensor of the “exact” channel for the purpose of an exception of contact with the studied surface and ensuring necessary accuracy of measurements. The mathematical model of a dynamic system of scanning based on a prior information about entering it elements and blocks is developed. The analysis of the main dynamic properties of a system of scanning is carried out and the law of its management providing the required quality of transition processes based on mathematical modeling is constructed. The algorithm of the forecast of the subsequent position of the sensor of the “exact” channel based on these measurements of “rough” channel, which provides the required speed and accuracy of scanning depending on the predicted object’s surface profile height is developed. The flowchart of the algorithm determining the value of movement of the sensor of the “exact” channel in the vertical direction depending on the received assessment of measurements of “rough” channel is developed. The conducted researches allowed developing the block diagram of a double-circuit measuring system. Modeling of this system in the environment of MATLAB/SIMULINK, which allowed evaluating efficiency of its functioning for the different studied profiles was carried out. Results of modeling showed efficiency of the offered scheme of a profilometer’s control system.
Synthesis of a Control System for Planning a Rocket Projectile on a Passive Flight Section along a Program-Defined Trajectory
Authors: Atygayev T. B. , Ivel V. P. , Gerasimova Y. V.
Published: October 2022

The article solves a problem aimed at creating a control system for the planning of a rocket projectile. The existing method of calculating the missile range does not provide the necessary accuracy. The use of computer simulation methods is the most promising approach for the development of a rocket planning control system based on laws. The proposed control system is based on the use of a reference trajectory of the rocket flight calculated for the predicted average values of the velocity of the longitudinal component of the wind. An algorithm for controlling the planning of a rocket by changing the angle of rotation of a horizontal support is proposed, based on the dependence of vertical and horizontal coordinates and on the pitch angle. The computer system of visual programming Simulink was used as a platform for the development of the algorithm. As a result, a block diagram of the rocket planning control was obtained, including a model of the rocket flight path as a control object and an on-board control system organized on the basis of a dual-core ESP-32 microcontroller. The technique of wireless recording of the control program into the memory of the microcontroller in the field is proposed. Based on the Simulink Desktop software package, a half-scale rocket flight model was developed in real time, including an ESP-32 microcontroller, a PCI-1710HG board and a Simulink rocket flight trajectory model with a variable mass in the vertical plane. A series of experiments were conducted that showed a high degree of accuracy of the missile hitting the target because of the projectile planning control system.
From the “Mystery” to the “Religion” of Progress (V.S. Solovyov and M.O. Gershenzon)
Authors:   Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Smirnova N.N.
Published: October 2022

The article discusses V.S. Solovyov’s influence on the reflections of M.O. Gershenzon in 1910–1920s about progress, personality, crisis of culture and war. The article affirms the thematic continuity of the views of the two thinkers and the conviction of M.O. Gershenzon in the key position of personality in the development of historical processes. It is emphasized that personality is a reference point in the coordinate system that builds the idea of progress in M.O. Gershenzon’s works. It is noted that the crisis of culture and the war are stages on the path of progress that neglects the personal, namely: the progress of abstract, highly specialized scientific knowledge in which the individual is alienated. The cultural heritage, which is not claimed by the individual as a single consciousness and therefore not assimilated by modern man, has become just a value that does not meet an individual request, turns ‘mystery’ into ‘religion’, an object of personal spiritual comprehension into obligatory ritual that alienates a person from action, the meaning of which is lost. Between Solovyov’s “mystery of progress” and Gershenzon’s “religion of progress” an entire epoch passes away, in which, as it seemed, war is no longer possible, but finally the war sweeps away the achievements of civilization with a fiery whirlwind. All the consequences M.O. Gershenzon’s statement that the main reason for this process is the loss of the individual (including personal search for truth), its transformation into a value in culture, are analyzed in the article. It is concluded that the World War I undermined faith in progress as a multiplication of values in culture; it was comprehended as a consequence of the violation of the organic “complexity of a whole life”, the alienation of a value that was personal in origin.
V.I. Lamansky. The second letter. On the intellectual and literary communication of Russians with their fellow tribesmen (continued)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Malinov A.V. , Naldoniova L. ,   University of Ostrava, Kupriyanov V.A. ,   St. Petersburg Branch of the S.I. Vavilov Institute for the History of Natural Science and Technology, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2022

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