bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aluminium Framing Members in Facades
Authors: Naqash Muhammad Tayyab , Formisano Antonio , De Matteis Gianfranco
Published: September 2016

Curtain wall systems are considered as envelop of a building, generally made of a lightweight material such as aluminium. The curtain wall façade does not carry any weight from the building, rather it transfers loads that are incident upon it to the main building structure through connections with floors or columns. This paper addresses some key issues in satisfying the respective limit state design checks. Two mullion profiles 85mm and 125mm deep of three manufacturers are analysed showing that the different extrusions of mullion profiles does not have any drastic effect on its structural behavior. Due to the versatility and lightweight, aluminum has many advantages when used as a curtain wall framing material, but it has the distinct disadvantage of being three times more deformable than steel. Therefore, the fulfillment of serviceability limits is an important issue when designing the framing members, in order to avoid damage of connected glasses. Also, the importance of connections and steel insert are highlighted. Finally, some completed and in-progress ALUTEC projects with different curtain wall systems are presented. The paper is therefore interesting for the Façade Engineers involved in the design of curtain walls.
Ultimate Load Bearing Capacity of Web Members of Lattice Aluminium Structures Made of CHS Profiles
Authors: Djuricic Djordje , Scepanovic Biljana , Misovic Mitar , Lucic Dusko
Published: September 2016

A joint of lattice aluminium welded structure made of circular hollow sections (CHS) has been analysed. Aluminium alloy EN AW 6082-T6 was used. Calculation of ultimate load bearing capacity of lattice structure web member assumes check of element load bearing capacity for the following calculation situations:- calculation of ultimate load bearing capacity of compressed elements with the influence of buckling,- calculation of ultimate load bearing capacity of compressed elements with the influence of HAZ,- calculation of ultimate load bearing capacity of tensioned elements with the influence of HAZ,- calculation of ultimate element force in truss joint, depending on joint construction.The first three checks are independent of type and characteristics of truss chords. They depend only on elements connection manner and geometrical characteristics of web members. The fourth condition directly depends on relation of chord and web member characteristics, i.e. ratio of their diameters and tube wall thicknesses. The choice of joint geometry, gap between elements in joint as well as joint eccentricity are also important for ultimate force in web member. Check of K-joint ultimate bearing capacity is particularly needed for welded joints due to aluminium strength decrease caused by HAZ (Heat Affected Zone) effect.European standard EN 1999 for aluminium structures design has not defined ultimate load of web members regarding type and characteristics of joint connection.Value of ultimate force in web member of K-joint, depending on connection type, by means of expressions defined in EN 1993-1-8 (Design of steel structures - Part 1-8: Design of joints), has been analysed. Comparative analysis has been done by means of ANSYS modelling, taking into consideration real characteristics of aluminium alloy and ultimate load bearing capacity reduction in the vicinity of weld due to HAZ effect. The main goal of the paper is to analyse capability of expressions from EN 1993-1-8 for steel structures to be used in aluminium structures, having in mind quoted limitations.
Conceptual Design of an Aluminium Bridge in Alma, QC
Authors: Vigh László Gergely , Schnierer Gábor , Buchmüller Judit , Pohl Ákos , Turányi Bence , Kiss László , St-Georges Lyne , Dussault Louis
Published: September 2016

The City Council of Alma, Quebec, Canada intends to erect a new footbridge celebrating the 150-year anniversary of the city. Functioning as communal and cultural ground, an island will be built on the 100 m wide River Petite Décharge hosting a pedestrian area with pathways plants and artistic installations, being a symbolic landmark. The bridge has to provide connection between both the river sides and the island. Original and aesthetic design ideas for the bridge structure are searched. In the first phase of our work, preliminary study proposing 10 alternatives for the bridge was completed. The city has been selected three alternatives for further studies: double-arch classic bridge, classic cable stayed bridge with single pylon, artistic/industrial truss bridge with three lane decks. In the second phase of the work, we prepared the general preliminary design calculations, technical drawings, perspective drawings for the three selected versions. Common factor in all variants is the need and intent to apply advanced, state-of-the-art aluminium technology. The paper describes the evolution of the conceptual design of the bridge.
Aluminium Machining Chips Formation, Treatment & Recycling: A Review
Authors: Mandatsy Moungomo Jean Brice , Nganga Kouya Donatien , Songmene Victor
Published: September 2016

The recycling of alumium alloys has been growing in interest and applications during the last fourthy years and has become a cost effective, ecological and reliable way to produce aluminium parts. The aluminium scraps that can be recycled include cans and machining chips. The machining processes produce chips of various sizes and shapes, wet or dry, oxidised or not, depending on type of process and the machining conditions, parameters and tools used. Some processes produce metallic dusts and fine chips while other produce large or medium size chips. In some industries such as mould making and aeronautic industries, the chip removal can easily represent 80% of the initial workpiece mass. The type of chips produced during machining can have a great impact on chip management, on part quality, on machine and tool reliability and on part manufacturing costs. The machining chips can be recycled using casting, sintering or pressing and extrusion processes depending on the goal targeted. The selection of the recycling process must take into account the targeted applications, the chip (composition, sizes and cleanliness) and its mechanical properties. Depending on the nature of process to be used and the machining chip generation conditions, some treatments might be necessary prior to transportation and recycling. Parts made with recycled chips can either be bi-phase metal matrix composites materials or usual one phase material with mechanical properties and wear properties comparable or not to the parent alloys. Over the last decades, several chip recycling processes have been proposed for aluminium alloys. This article review the aluminium chips formation, treatement methods, the recycling processes and their impact on recomposed parts’ performance: strength, ductility, corosion and wear resistances.
Evaluating Sulphate Resistance of Cement-Based Systems by Sulphate Content Determination after Exposure
Authors: Bindiganavile Vivek , Ou Chi Qian , Chen Zheng , Boluk Yaman
Published: September 2016

This paper describes approaches to evaluating the resistance of cement-based composites to sulphate attack. The conventional approach of evaluation by means of measuring expansion is discussed in comparison with the sulphate diffusion, which was quantified as a function of depth. Besides CSA Types GU and HS, a 30:70 blend of fly ash and cement Type GU was also examined. The specimens so produced were immersed in a sulphate solution as per ASTM C1012 and retrieved variously after 7, 14, 28, 56 and 84 days of exposure. As expected, Type HS cement performed best with minimum expansion and sulphate ingress. On the other hand, the Type GU cement showed lower expansion and sulphate ingress in comparison to the fly ash blended binder. Although bearing identical porosity, the blended binder had the smallest median pore size. Therefore, the sulphate ingress and consequent ettringite production likely cracks the blended system more than the other two. Significantly, after longer durations of sulphate exposure, the blended system showed higher tensile strength which implies a healing of cracks through ettringite formation.
Fire Spalling Behaviour of Concrete: Role of Mechanical Loading (Uniaxial and Biaxial) and Cement Type
Authors: Miah Md Jihad , Lo Monte Francesco , Felicetti Roberto , Carré Hélène , Pimienta Pierre , La Borderie Christian
Published: September 2016

Fire poses one of the most severe environmental conditions that can act on concrete structures as an external load and can induce severe damages (cracks, spalling) or even lead to collapse. Fire spalling of concrete is a complex phenomenon, which might occur due to pressure build-up in the pores, thermal and load-induced stresses. In this context, ordinary concrete specimens (B40-II and B40-III: fc28days ≈ 40 MPa) were exposed to standard fire curve (ISO 834-1), while a constant uniaxial or biaxial compressive load was applied. Six different levels of uniaxial compressive stress on cubes and four different levels of biaxial compressive stress on slabs have been investigated. The test results showed that loaded specimens are more susceptible to spalling than unloaded specimens, with increasing amount of spalling for higher values of applied load. It has been found that biaxially loaded specimens are more prone to spalling than uniaxially loaded specimens. B40-II concrete (3% of slag) exhibited higher spalling than the B40-III concrete (43% of slag).
On the Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Walls Exposed to Fire
Authors: Bamonte Patrick , Felicetti Roberto , Kalaba Nataša , Lo Monte Francesco , Pinoteau Nicholas , Miah Md Jihad , Pimienta Pierre
Published: September 2016

The present work deals with numerical simulations concerning the international benchmark “Vulcain tests on 3 Walls” regarding fire tests conducted in CSTB in Paris, France. To this aim, sequentially-coupled thermo-mechanical analyses have been performed on three reinforced concrete walls, characterized by different load levels and boundary conditions. The numerical results show that the imposed compressive load and boundary conditions significantly influence the magnitude of the displacements. In the case of simply supported walls, the wall with the lower load level exhibited a gradual and monotonic increase of the displacements at mid-height (both in the tests and in the numerical analyses), while the wall with the higher load level exhibited a displacement reversal due to second-order effects after approximately 60 minutes of fire exposure. This reversal, which was obtained in the analyses, was not observed in the test. Load bearing capacity of all the three specimen walls was maintained in such a way that the collapse did not take place during two hours of fire exposure.
A new zenith looking narrow-band radiometer based system (ZEN)
for dust Aerosol Optical Depth monitoring
Authors: Almansa A. Fernando , Cuevas Emilio , Torres Benjamín , Barreto África , García Rosa D. , Cachorro Victoria E. , de Frutos Ángel M. , López César , Ramos Ramón
Published: September 2016

Abstract. A new zenith looking narrow-band radiometer based system (ZEN), conceived for dust aerosol optical depth (AOD) monitoring, is presented in this paper. The ZEN system comprises a new radiometer (ZEN-R41) and a methodology for AOD retrieval (ZEN-LUT). ZEN-R41 has been designed to be stand-alone and without moving parts, making ZEN-R41 a low-cost and robust instrument with low maintenance, appropriated to be deployed in remote and unpopulated desert areas. The ZEN-LUT method is based on the comparison of the measured Zenith Sky Radiance (ZSR) with a lookup table (LUT) of computed ZSRs. The LUT is generated with the LibRadtran radiative transfer code. The sensitivity study proved that the ZEN-LUT method is appropriated to infer AOD from ZSR measurements. The validation of the ZEN-LUT technique was performed using data from AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) Cimel Electronique 318 photometers (CE318). A comparison between AOD obtained by applying the ZEN-LUT method on ZSRs (inferred from CE318 diffuse sky measurements) and AOD provided by AERONET (derived from CE318 direct sun measurements) was carried out at three sites characterized by a regular presence of desert mineral dust aerosols: Izaña and Santa Cruz in the Canary Islands, and Tamanrasset in Algeria. The results show a R2 ranging from 0.99 at Santa Cruz to 0.95 at Tamanrasset, and a maximum root mean square error (RMSE) ranging from 0.010 at Izaña to 0.035 at Tamanrasset. The comparison of ZSR values from ZEN-R41 and the CE318 showed absolute relative mean bias (RMB)
Biogeochemical data from terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in a periglacial
catchment, West Greenland
Authors: Lindborg Tobias , Rydberg Johan , Tröjbom Mats , Berglund Sten , Johansson Emma , Löfgren Anders , Saetre Peter , Nordén Sara , Sohlenius Gustav , Andersson Eva , Petrone Johannes , Borgiel Micke , Kautsky Ulrik , Laudon Hjalmar
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Global warming is expected to be most pronounced in the Arctic where permafrost thaw and release of old carbon may provide an important feedback mechanism to the climate system. To better understand and predict climate effects and feedbacks on the cycling of elements within and between ecosystems in northern latitude landscapes, a thorough understanding of the processes related to transport and cycling of elements is required. A fundamental requirement to reach a better process understanding is to have access to high-quality empirical data on chemical concentrations and biotic properties for a wide range of ecosystem domains and functional units (abiotic and biotic pools). The aim of this study is therefore to make one of the most extensive field data sets from a periglacial catchment readily available that can be used both to describe present-day periglacial processes and to improve predictions of the future. Here we present the sampling and analytical methods, field and laboratory equipment and the resulting biogeochemical data from a state-of-the-art whole-ecosystem investigation of the terrestrial and aquatic parts of a lake catchment in the Kangerlussuaq region, West Greenland. This data set allows for the calculation of whole-ecosystem mass balance budgets for a long list of elements, including carbon, nutrients and major and trace metals. The data set is freely available and can be downloaded from PANGAEA: doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.860961.
Synoptic fluctuation of the Taiwan Warm Current in winter on the East China Sea shelf
Authors: Xuan Jiliang , Huang Daji , Pohlmann Thomas , Su Jian , Mayer Bernhard , Ding Ruibin , Zhou Feng
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The seasonal mean and synoptic fluctuation of the wintertime Taiwan Warm Current (TWC) were investigated using a well validated finite volume community ocean model. The spatial distribution and dynamics of the synoptic fluctuation were highlighted. The seasonal mean of the wintertime TWC has two branches: an inshore branch between the 30 and 100 m isobaths and an offshore branch between the 100 and 200 m isobaths. The Coriolis term is much larger than the inertia term and is almost balanced by the pressure gradient term in both branches, indicating the geostrophic balance of the mean current. Two areas with significant fluctuations of the TWC were identified during wintertime. One of the areas is located to the north of Taiwan with velocities varying in the cross-shore direction. These significant cross-shore fluctuations are driven by barotropic pressure gradients associated with the intrusion of the Taiwan Strait Current (TSC). When a larger TSC intrudes north of Taiwan, the isobaric slope tilts downward from south to north, leading to a cross-shore current from the coastal area to the offshore area. When the TSC intrusion is weak, the cross-shore current to the north of Taiwan is directed from offshore to inshore. The other area of significant fluctuation is located in the inshore area, extending in the region between the 30 and 100 m isobaths. The fluctuations are generally strong in the alongshore direction, in particular at the latitudes 26.5° N and 28° N where they are important for the local cross-shore transports. Wind affects the synoptic fluctuation through episodic events. When the northeasterly monsoon prevails, the southward Zhe-Min Coastal Current dominates the inshore area associated with a deepening of the mixed layer. When the winter monsoon is weakened or the southerly wind prevails, the northward TWC dominates in the inshore area.
Evaluación de una estrategia formativa entre iguales en fibromialgia. Un análisis de género
Authors: Danet Alina , Prieto-Rodríguez María Ángeles , Valcárcel-Cabrera María Carmen , March-Cerdà Joan Carles
Published: September 2016

La fibromialgia es una enfermedad crónica altamente feminizada que requiere mayor autonomía y autoeficiencia en el manejo de los cuidados. Objetivo: evaluar, desde una perspectiva de género, la estrategia formativa de pacientes con fibromialgia de la Escuela de Pacientes, basada en la formación “entre iguales”. Método: estudio cuantitativo, con diseño cuasiexperimental pretest- postest, con 600 participantes con fibromialgia. Se utilizó un cuestionario adaptado del Programa de Paciente Experto de la Universidad de Stanford que recoge las variables: salud autopercibida, estrés emocional, calidad y hábitos de vida, limitaciones, relación con el personal sanitario y autoeficiencia. Se empleó el análisis bivariado y multivariado y análisis del cambio entre pretest/postest. Resultados: los participantes en la formación (98 % mujeres) describieron un mal estado de salud, con altos niveles de cansancio, dolor y limitaciones, con diferencias significativas en función del perfil sociodemográfico. Tras la formación, mejoró el estrés emocional y los hábitos de vida, se redujeron las visitas médicas y aumentó el automanejo de la enfermedad. Conclusión: la formación entre iguales representó una estrategia educativa eficiente y un espacio óptimo para reforzar el compromiso y apoyo social, con resultados positivos para la salud emocional y autoconfianza de las mujeres con fibromialgia.
Adherencia al tratamiento y calidad de vida en personas con infarto agudo de miocardio
Authors: Rojas-Reyes Jennifer , Flórez-Flórez Magda Lucía
Published: September 2016

Objetivo: Identificar la asociación entre adherencia al tratamiento y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en población con infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM). Materiales y método: estudio cuantitativo de diseño descriptivo correlacional de corte transversal.Se eligieron 180 participantes por muestreo de tipo probabilístico con selección aleatoria simple. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó estadística no paramétrica con correlación de Spearman. Resultados: la edad media fue de 63 años, el promedio de tiempo transcurrido después del infarto fue de 35 meses. Frente al nivel de adherencia al tratamiento predominó la adherencia total (54%), adherencia parcial(45%); en cuanto a la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, el 27% tuvo un bajo nivel; respecto a la correlación de Spearman, seestableció un coeficiente de -0,315 con una significancia de p=0,00, donde el número negativo es reflejo de la naturaleza de las escalascon las que fueron medidas las variables, por lo que la correlación es positiva, significativa pero numéricamente modesta. Conclusión:la asociación entre adherencia al tratamiento y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, evidencia en una correlación estadísticamente significativa, pero catalogada como modesta, siendo estos resultados coherentes con la multidimensionalidad de los fenómenos.
CAPACIDADE INSTITUCIONAL PARA GOVERNANÇA DE RISCO NO INTERFLÚVIO PURUS-MADEIRA (AMAZONAS)
Authors: Costa Francimara Souza da , Ravena Nirvia , Souza Rômulo Magalhães de
Published: September 2016

Este artigo apresenta uma análise da capacidade institucional para oplanejamento e a implementação das políticas relacionadas às ações dadefesa civil e à governança de risco em municípios localizados no InterflúvioPurus-Madeira, no Estado do Amazonas, visando oferecer subsídios paraa elaboração de estratégias concernentes à prevenção e à mitigação desituações de risco de desastres. Os dados coletados foram analisados apartir do método Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) Framework,de Elinor Ostrom. Os resultados apontam que os mecanismos institucionaisexistentes para governança de risco no Amazonas são ainda incipientes,destacando a necessidade de um maior diálogo sobre a qualidade deformulação de políticas voltadas ao enfrentamento dos riscos, maiorparticipação da sociedade nos processos decisórios e o fortalecimentoda interação entre as instituições formais para processos de cooperaçãoque representem, de fato, os interesses sociais e a minimização dos riscosiminentes da mudança climática.
PERCEPÇÃO DOS AGRICULTORES FAMILIARES DO MUNICÍPIO DE NOVA ERECHIM (SC) EM RELAÇÃO À LEGISLAÇÃO AMBIENTAL
Authors: Frozza Alana Maria Simioni , Verona Regina Bellan , Lajús Cristiano Reschke , Luz Gean Lopes da
Published: September 2016

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a percepção dos agricultoresfamiliares do município de Nova Erechim (SC) em relação à legislaçãoambiental. O estudo de caso foi realizado em 42 propriedades rurais, combase no cálculo do plano de amostragem aleatória simples. As questõesnorteadoras foram: o entendimento dos agricultores em relação aoconceito do termo Área de Preservação Permanente (APP); o interesse dosagricultores em recuperar APPs; as dificuldades dos agricultores em relaçãoàs limitações legais para as APPs. Os dados coletados foram submetidos àanálise estatística descritiva, sendo determinadas a frequência absoluta (Fj)e a frequência relativa (fj), e foram interpretados por meio da elaboraçãode tabelas. A principal dificuldade levantada pelos agricultores em relaçãoàs limitações legais para as APPs é a falta de informações sobre o temalegislação ambiental, confundindo-o com a Reserva Legal.
El camino hacia la guerra civil: El Salvador en 1979 y 1980
Authors: Grenni Héctor
Published: September 2016

El presente artículo presenta los procesos, las dinámicas y las contradicciones que se dieron en la sociedad salvadoreña hacia fines de la década de los años 70, especialmente en los años 1979 y 1980. El escrito hace especial énfasis en las dinámicas a que dio lugar la evolución de las relaciones sociales y los conflictos que se suscitaron. En ese contexto, Monseñor Romero se convirtió en referente obligado de todo accionar social o político.TEORÍA Y PRAXIS No. 26, Enero-Mayo 2015; 55-97
Reflexión sobre la liberación
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: September 2016

En este escrito el autor traza un paralelismo entre los concepto de ‘liberación’ y ‘libertad’. Partiendo de la premisa que la libertad presupone la liberación, indaga en la necesidad de una liberación de las ataduras estructurales y políticas, replanteando el papel del estado afirmando que ‘están en juego cambios que no sólo tienen una inspiración liberadora, sino que responden a las ansias de liberación del pueblo salvadoreño’TEORÍA Y PRAXIS No. 27, Junio-Diciembre 2015; 89-92
ACOLHIMENTO COM CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE RISCO: CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA DEMANDA EM UNIDADE DE PRONTO ATENDIMENTO
Authors: Godoi Vanessa Carolina Grigini , Ganassin Gabriela Schiavon , Inoue Kelly Cristina , Gil Nelly Lopes de Moraes
Published: September 2016

Objetivou-se caracterizar o atendimento dos usuários com a diretriz de Acolhimento com Classificação de Risco, em uma Unidade de Pronto Atendimento do interior do Paraná. Pesquisa de campo, descritivo-exploratória, quantitativa, cuja fonte de informação consistiu em 500 fichas de pacientes atendidos entre janeiro e maio de 2014, obtidas em amostragem aleatória simples. Foram coletados dados demográficos, clínicos, relacionadas à rede de atenção e à classificação de risco; submetidos à estatística descritiva. A maioria era mulher, de 20 a 29 anos, de demanda espontânea; encaminhados por enfermeiros e Unidades Básicas de Saúde. Sobre a classificação de risco, quatro (0,8%) eram de emergência, 175 (35%) de urgência maior, 245 (49%) de urgência menor e 68 (13,6%) não urgentes; sendo o técnico de enfermagem o principal triador e a alta o principal desfecho. Há necessidade de melhoria dos registros e revisão do processo de classificação para esclarecimento de falhas pontuais.
Avaliação da efetividade da integração das Unidades de Conservação federais marinho-costeiras de Santa Catarina
Authors: Figueiroa Apoena Calixto , Brasil Glauce , Pellin Andrea , Scherer Marinez Eymael Garcia
Published: September 2016

Os ambientes marinho-costeiros do Brasil são os mais afetados pelo processo de ocupação humana, ocasionando considerável degradação ambiental, sendo necessárias ações que orientem um gerenciamento integrado, visando manter a integridade dos ecossistemas. No Brasil, uma das estratégias utilizadas para conservação do meio ambiente e gestão da zona costeira é a criação de unidades de conservação (UC). A lei que cria o Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação define diretrizes para que unidades de conservação próximas, justapostas ou sobrepostas sejam geridas de forma integrada e participativa. Nesse sentido, as UCs marinho-costeiras de Santa Catarina foram objeto de iniciativas visando à integração da gestão das UCs federais no Estado que culminaram na criação do Núcleo de Gestão Integrada das Unidades de Conservação Marinho-Costeiras de Santa Catarina. O presente trabalho visa avaliar o quanto essas iniciativas realmente se traduziram em ações práticas hoje estabelecidas, bem como os motivos do alcance ou não desses resultados. Embora tenham sido observados trabalhos envolvendo o apoio entre as UCs, estes não puderam ser caracterizados como parte de uma gestão integrada, já que a mesma deveria partir da premissa de que o planejamento e as decisões sejam construídos de forma conjunta, visando ao território como um todo. Necessária se faz a real integração das UCs federais em análise. Essa integração não deverá se limitar a suprimir as deficiências estruturais do órgão público, mas garantir o atendimento às exigências legais, às normativas institucionais e às decisões coletivas, alcançando uma maior coerência da gestão territorial, assim como uma maior eficiência na conservação dos ecossistemas e na manutenção e no ordenamento dos serviços a eles associados.
Classroom Ideologies and Teaching Practices of Native and Non-native English Teachers in EFL Classrooms
Authors: Kesevan Hema Vanita
Published: September 2016

This paper presents the findings of two different sets of teachers’ classroom ideologies and actual teaching practices. It compares a set of native and non-native English teachers that are distinct in terms of teacher training background, qualifications and experiences. This study explores the divergence and convergence of the teachers’ ideologies to their actual implementation in classroom. It investigates the factors that lead to the convergence and divergence of the teachers’ actual practice than their claimed ideologies. The findings of this study reveals that both sets of teachers do share the same classroom ideologies but do not apply those ideologies in a same way. The variations between the teachers exist for a variety of reasons, factors such as nature of training, classroom context, experiences of the teachers and their backgrounds have a great influence on teaching practices.
Amplify Your Impact: Trickery as Marketing Strategy
Authors: Arents Mallory
Published: September 2016

Sometimes a little subterfuge is necessary to get patrons to think outside the box of what they normally expect from a library. By using different lures, sometimes in disguise, libraries can introduce new patrons to resources and services they had no idea the library could offer. We know we have tons to offer our patrons—we just have to be a little creative in order to make them realize it! Mallory Arents from Darien Library in Darien, Connecticut gives us several great ideas on how to do that.—Editors
Librarians Applying Information Literacy Standards as Evaluators of Peer-to-Peer Course Content in a First-Year College Success Course
Authors: Klubek Peter
Published: September 2016

Information literacy is a crucial skill in library science. As experts in information literacy, librarians are able to both use and promote techniques relevant to finding, evaluating, and presenting information. They are relied on by end users to provide the most pertinent resources, and are expected to do so as part of their jobs. This study describes how librarians applied their professional background in the evaluation of student peer-to-peer material in order to provide the most appropriate content for an introductory college success course.
Book Review: Adults Just Wanna Have Fun: Programs for Emerging Adults
Authors: ElBasri Teralee
Published: September 2016

Geared toward an underrepresented population in public libraries, this book aims to describe programming for emerging adults—defined by the author as those who are in their twenties to early thirties. The focus is on providing information about emerging adults’ use of libraries, demonstrating the importance of programming targeted to this group, and justifying this type of programming to library stakeholders.
Book Review: Clothing and Fashion: American Fashion from Head to Toe
Authors: Ellermann Marissa
Published: September 2016

Clothing and Fashion: American Fashion from Head to Toe is a comprehensive, four-volume, encyclopedic reference guide with more than eight hundred entries that cover American fashions and style from the year 1600 to present day. Organized chronologically as a whole, each volume covers specific eras and provides a historical overview of the eras included.
Book Review: Folk Heroes and Heroines around the World, 2nd ed.
Authors: Helmer Dona J.
Published: September 2016

It seems like many recent books and movies are based either on mythic characters or folk heroes. With all the current interest in folk heroes and heroines this book should useful in identifying specific heroes and hero types.
A história da educação de alunos com surdez: ampliação de possibilidades?
Authors: Cruz Samara Rodrigues , Castro Araujo Doracina Aparecida
Published: September 2016

A história dos surdos é marcada por embates e discussões entorno da luta pelo direito de viver como cidadão na sociedade, utilizando a linguagem que melhor lhes convêm, com debates e defesas em diferentes concepções teóricas, conforme se encontra na trajetória histórica das pessoas com surdez. Para ampliar a compreensão sobre esses estudos, faz-se necessário conhecer abordagens que norteiam as pesquisas sobre essa temática para compreender, na atualidade, as questões referentes aos surdos no Brasil. Para atingir esse objetivo, definiu-se pela pesquisa bibliográfica, considerando os principais fatos ocorridos e as contribuições que teóricos e estudiosos do assunto deram no decorrer da história das pessoas surdas. Os resultados indicam que durante muito tempo o Sinal foi proibido para os surdos pelo fato de ser considerado inferior e os surdos incapazes de viver em sociedade. Os métodos de ensino e as práticas realizadas foram submetidos ao fator linguístico e abordados com o objetivo de sustentar a defesa da linguagem oral ou a língua de sinais. Mas atualmente têm se instaurado uma nova proposta de ensino, por meio do bilinguismo, que segundo estudiosos corresponde melhor às necessidades do aluno surdo. Dessa forma sustenta-se a relevância de realizar estudos sobre a surdez, para contribuir com a educação dos surdos em diferentes contextos. Conclui-se que as possibilidades sociais, mais especificamente, as educacionais, da comunidade surda foram ampliadas, considerando as conquistas de pessoas com outros tipos de deficiência. Essas conquistas se deram principalmente pela união estabelecida entre eles, por meio de ações da comunidade surda brasileira.
Editorial – Revista Educação Especial
Authors: Schmidt Carlo , Menezes Eliana Pereira de , Berni Clenio Perlin
Published: September 2016

Editorial
“This course is like paying to volunteer” or is it? Effects of a Mandatory Service-Learning Course on Teacher Candidates
Authors: Sokal Laura , Barrett Vern , Appel Allan , Funk Anneke , Radawetz Mykaila
Published: September 2016

One hundred teacher candidates enrolled in a mandatory course on service learning were surveyed pre- and post-course to determine their civic attitudes and willingness to take the service learning course. Quantitative analysis indicated significant growth in civic attitudes in all students, and this growth was not differentially affected by the students’ willingness to take the course. Qualitative data were analyzed to determine the underpinnings for students’ perceptions, and recommendations about the wisdom of making such courses mandatory in teacher preparation programs are provided.
The Relationship Between Bureaucratic School Structures and Teacher Self-Efficacy
Authors: Kilinç Ali Çağatay , Koşar Serkan , Er Emre , Öğdem Zeki
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between bureaucratic school structures and teachers’ self-efficacy. Participants included 252 teachers from 15 primary schools in Ankara, Turkey. Mean, standard deviation, correlation, and regression analyses were conducted. Results indicated that bureaucratic school structures and teacher self-efficacy were positively and significantly correlated and a bureaucratic school structure was a significant indicator of teacher self-efficacy. The results of the study are discussed with a focus on improving teacher self-efficacy.
Systemic Risk, Crises, and Macroprudential Regulation
Authors: Freixas Xavier , Laeven Luc , Peydró José-Luis
Published: September 2016

A framework for macroprudential regulation that defines systemic risk and macroprudential policy, describes macroprudential tools, and surveys the effectiveness of existing macroprudential regulation.

The recent financial crisis has shattered all standard approaches to banking regulation. Regulators now recognize that banking regulation cannot be simply based on individual financial institutions' risks. Instead, systemic risk and macroprudential regulation have come to the forefront of the new regulatory paradigm. Yet our knowledge of these two core aspects of regulation is still limited and fragmented. This book offers a framework for understanding the reasons for the regulatory shift from a microprudential to a macroprudential approach to financial regulation. It defines systemic risk and macroprudential policy, cutting through the generalized confusion as to their meaning; contrasts macroprudential to microprudential approaches; discusses the interaction of macroprudential policy with macroeconomic policy (monetary policy in particular); and describes macroprudential tools and experiences with macroprudential regulation around the world.

The book also considers the remaining challenges for establishing effective macroprudential policy and broader issues in regulatory reform. These include the optimal size and structure of the financial system, the multiplicity of regulatory bodies in the United States, the supervision of cross-border financial institutions, and the need for international cooperation on macroprudential policies.
The Stack
Authors: Bratton Benjamin H.
Published: September 2016

A comprehensive political and design theory of planetary-scale computation proposing that The Stack—an accidental megastructure—is both a technological apparatus and a model for a new geopolitical architecture.

What has planetary-scale computation done to our geopolitical realities? It takes different forms at different scales—from energy and mineral sourcing and subterranean cloud infrastructure to urban software and massive universal addressing systems; from interfaces drawn by the augmentation of the hand and eye to users identified by self—quantification and the arrival of legions of sensors, algorithms, and robots. Together, how do these distort and deform modern political geographies and produce new territories in their own image?

In The Stack, Benjamin Bratton proposes that these different genres of computation—smart grids, cloud platforms, mobile apps, smart cities, the Internet of Things, automation—can be seen not as so many species evolving on their own, but as forming a coherent whole: an accidental megastructure called The Stack that is both a computational apparatus and a new governing architecture. We are inside The Stack and it is inside of us. 

In an account that is both theoretical and technical, drawing on political philosophy, architectural theory, and software studies, Bratton explores six layers of The Stack: Earth, Cloud, City, Address, Interface, User. Each is mapped on its own terms and understood as a component within the larger whole built from hard and soft systems intermingling—not only computational forms but also social, human, and physical forces. This model, informed by the logic of the multilayered structure of protocol “stacks,” in which network technologies operate within a modular and vertical order, offers a comprehensive image of our emerging infrastructure and a platform for its ongoing reinvention. 

The Stack is an interdisciplinary design brief for a new geopolitics that works with and for planetary-scale computation. Interweaving the continental, urban, and perceptual scales, it shows how we can better build, dwell within, communicate with, and govern our worlds.

thestack.org
Obfuscation
Authors: Brunton Finn , Nissenbaum Helen
Published: September 2016

How we can evade, protest, and sabotage today's pervasive digital surveillance by deploying more data, not less—and why we should.

With Obfuscation, Finn Brunton and Helen Nissenbaum mean to start a revolution. They are calling us not to the barricades but to our computers, offering us ways to fight today's pervasive digital surveillance—the collection of our data by governments, corporations, advertisers, and hackers. To the toolkit of privacy protecting techniques and projects, they propose adding obfuscation: the deliberate use of ambiguous, confusing, or misleading information to interfere with surveillance and data collection projects. Brunton and Nissenbaum provide tools and a rationale for evasion, noncompliance, refusal, even sabotage—especially for average users, those of us not in a position to opt out or exert control over data about ourselves. Obfuscation will teach users to push back, software developers to keep their user data safe, and policy makers to gather data without misusing it.

Brunton and Nissenbaum present a guide to the forms and formats that obfuscation has taken and explain how to craft its implementation to suit the goal and the adversary. They describe a series of historical and contemporary examples, including radar chaff deployed by World War II pilots, Twitter bots that hobbled the social media strategy of popular protest movements, and software that can camouflage users' search queries and stymie online advertising. They go on to consider obfuscation in more general terms, discussing why obfuscation is necessary, whether it is justified, how it works, and how it can be integrated with other privacy practices and technologies.
Fracking the Neighborhood
Authors: Gullion Jessica Smartt
Published: September 2016

What happens when natural gas drilling moves into an urban area: how communities in North Texas responded to the environmental and health threats of fracking.

When natural gas drilling moves into an urban or a suburban neighborhood, a two-hundred-foot-high drill appears on the other side of a back yard fence and diesel trucks clog a quiet two-lane residential street. Children seem to be having more than the usual number of nosebleeds. There are so many local cases of cancer that the elementary school starts a cancer support group. In this book, Jessica Smartt Gullion examines what happens when natural gas extraction by means of hydraulic fracturing, or “fracking,” takes place not on wide-open rural land but in a densely populated area with homes, schools, hospitals, parks, and businesses. Gullion focuses on fracking in the Barnett Shale, the natural-gas–rich geological formation under the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. She gives voice to the residents—for the most part educated, middle class, and politically conservative—who became reluctant anti-drilling activists in response to perceived environmental and health threats posed by fracking.

Gullion offers an overview of oil and gas development and describes the fossil-fuel culture of Texas, the process of fracking, related health concerns, and regulatory issues (including the notorious “Halliburton loophole”). She chronicles the experiences of community activists as they fight to be heard and to get the facts about the safety of fracking.

Touted as a greener alternative and a means to reduce dependence on foreign oil, natural gas development is an important part of American energy policy. Yet, as this book shows, it comes at a cost to the local communities who bear the health and environmental burdens.
Upregulation of neurovascular communication through filamin abrogation promotes ectopic periventricular neurogenesis
Authors: Houlihan Shauna L , Lanctot Alison A , Guo Yan , Feng Yuanyi
Published: September 2016

Neuronal fate-restricted intermediate progenitors (IPs) are derived from the multipotent radial glia (RGs) and serve as the direct precursors for cerebral cortical neurons, but factors that control their neurogenic plasticity remain elusive. Here we report that IPs’ neuron production is enhanced by abrogating filamin function, leading to the generation of periventricular neurons independent of normal neocortical neurogenesis and neuronal migration. Loss of Flna in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) led RGs to undergo changes resembling epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) along with exuberant angiogenesis that together changed the microenvironment and increased neurogenesis of IPs. We show that by collaborating with β-arrestin, Flna maintains the homeostatic signaling between the vasculature and NPCs, and loss of this function results in escalated Vegfa and Igf2 signaling, which exacerbates both EMT and angiogenesis to further potentiate IPs’ neurogenesis. These results suggest that the neurogenic potential of IPs may be boosted in vivo by manipulating Flna-mediated neurovascular communication.
Sonoelastography of Musculoskeletal Soft Tissue Masses
Authors: Pass Bill , Johnson Maria , Hensor Elizabeth M. A. , Gupta Harun , Robinson Philip
Published: September 2016

Objectives

To evaluate quantitative sonoelastography of benign and malignant musculoskeletal soft tissue masses.

Methods

We conducted a prospective study of 50 patients from a specialist sarcoma center who had extremity soft tissue masses referred for biopsy. After consent, the quantitative shear wave velocity (meters per second) was measured in longitudinal and transverse planes (3 readings in each plane and mean calculated). All masses subsequently underwent biopsy, excision, or both, with the histologic diagnosis taken as the reference standard. At a subsequent sitting, all anonymized B‐mode sonograms were scored independently by 2 radiologists as benign or malignant with agreement by consensus if necessary.

Results

Of the 50 masses, 15 were malignant and 35 benign. Nine masses had incomplete velocity readings. Intraclass correlation coefficients for intra‐reader reliability of velocity measurements were highly repeatable. There was preliminary evidence that the longitudinal shear wave velocity of malignant masses was on average 30% slower than that of benign masses (P< .10). Longitudinal and transverse shear wave measurements were moderately associated with each other (P = .003). There was no evidence that shear wave velocity varied with patient age, sex, or mass volume. For B‐mode assessment of malignancy, sensitivity (Wilson 90% confidence interval) was 73.3% (52.1%, 87.4%), and specificity was 77.1% (63.8%, 86.6%). Interobserver agreement was substantial (κ= 0.86). Four of 15 malignant masses (26.6%) were incorrectly classified as benign on B‐mode assessment (all grade 1 liposarcomas).

Conclusions

These data suggest that shear wave velocity measurement is reproducible and that malignant masses may have slower longitudinal shear wave velocities than benign masses. The sample size of this pilot study precludes adjusted analysis but should form the basis for larger study designs.
A preliminary statistical model for hydraulic fracture‐induced seismicity in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin
Authors: Ghofrani Hadi , Atkinson Gail M.
Published: September 2016

We characterize the statistical relationship between hydraulic fracturing and seismicity in western Canada by using the concept of cellular seismicity. We determine the regionally averaged probability that hydraulic fracture operations will be associated with M ≥ 3 seismicity within a 10 km grid cell. This rate is 0.01 to 0.026 at the 95th percentile confidence limit. Monte Carlo simulations confirm that the observed correlations are extremely unlikely (≪1%) to have been obtained by chance. Proximity to a disposal well and proximity to the Swan Hills Formation, which has been suggested as a proxy for basement controlled faults, appear to increase the likelihood that hydraulic fracturing will trigger seismicity.
Equatorial E region electric fields at the dip equator: 2. Seasonal variabilities and effects over Brazil due to the secular variation of the magnetic equator
Authors: Moro J. , Denardini C. M. , Resende L. C. A. , Chen S. S. , Schuch N. J.
Published: September 2016

In this work, the seasonal dependency of the E region electric field (EEF) at the dip equator is examined. The eastward zonal (Ey) and the daytime vertical (Ez) electric fields are responsible for the overall phenomenology of the equatorial and low‐latitude ionosphere, including the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) and its plasma instability. The electric field components are studied based on long‐term backscatter radars soundings (348 days for both systems) collected during geomagnetic quiet days (Kp ≤ 3+), from 2001 to 2010, at the São Luís Space Observatory (SLZ), Brazil (2.33°S, 44.20°W), and at the Jicamarca Radio Observatory (JRO), Peru (11.95°S, 76.87°W). Among the results, we observe, for the first time, a seasonal difference between the EEF in these two sectors in South America based on coherent radar measurements. The EEF is more intense in summer at SLZ, in equinox at JRO, and has been highly variable with season in the Brazilian sector compared to the Peruvian sector. In addition, the secular variation on the geomagnetic field and its effect on the EEJ over Brazil resulted that as much farther away is the magnetic equator from SLZ, later more the EEJ is observed (10 h LT) and sooner it ends (16 h LT). Moreover, the time interval of type II occurrence decreased significantly after the year 2004, which is a clear indication that SLZ is no longer an equatorial station due to the secular variation of the geomagnetic field.
Prediction of Limit Rotation Speeds of SiCf/Ti Composite Rings by Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Luo Xian , Xu Haiman , Yang Yanqing , Wu Chen , Wu Shuai , Huang Bin
Published: September 2016

Three‐dimensional (3D) finite element models of SiC fiber‐reinforced titanium‐matrix composite (TMC) rings are established to predict their limit rotation speeds (LRS) under different influencing factors, including reinforced area, fiber volume fraction, diameter, and working temperature. Maximum circumferential stress criterion is applied to predict LRS of the TMC rings. The results show that LRS can be improved when the reinforced area and fiber volume fraction of the TMC ring increase. Besides, the LRS decreases with the increase of diameter or working temperature. Whatever, the circumferential stress in the composite gradually decreases along the radial direction. The maximum stress locates in the bonding zone between composite core and matrix cladding near the internal diameter.