bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Az innováció fontossága: az újmolekula-szabadalmaktól a klinikai alkalmazhatóságig
Authors: Szabó Sándor
Published: September 2020

Absztrakt:

Az innováció és a találmány szabadalmaztatása manapság majdnem olyan fontos, mint
egy eredeti kísérleti eredményt vagy klinikai megfigyelést jó folyóiratban
közölni. Ez főleg olyan országokban fontos, mint Magyarország, amelynek
„innovációs indexe” messze az EU-átlag alatt van. Ezért kutatóintézetek, oktató
kórházak és kutatók is felelősek, mert még nem általános szokás egy új
gyógyszerhatást vagy alkalmazható alapkutatási eredményt szabadalmaztatni a
kongresszusi előadás vagy szaklapi közlés előtt. Ezt az innovációs folyamatot
kutatólaboratóriumunk öt példájával illusztrálom, amelyek közül négyet sikerült
szabadalmaztatni. A dopaminagonisták (például bromokriptin, L-deprenil) gyomor-
és nyombélfekély-ellenes hatása bármennyire meglepő és újszerű volt is, a
gyógyszereket gyártó vállalatok nem szabadalmaztatták, mert ezeket a molekulákat
más klinikai alkalmazásra hozták eredetileg forgalomba. A pirazolszármazékok
hosszan tartó (például 12–24 órás) gasztroprotektív hatása, valamint a
vérlemezke-eredetű növekedési faktor és más, angiogenikus növekedési faktorok és
az új angiogenikus szteroidok fekélygyógyulást serkentő hatása könnyen
szabadalmaztatható volt, mint a szomatosztatinnak a szeptikus shock ellen védő
hatása állatmodellekben, de ez még klinikai megerősítésre vár. Orv Hetil. 2020;
161(39): 1658–1667.
Tindakan Preventif atas Penyebaran Covid-19 dalam Perspektif Hadis
Authors: Zulfikar Eko
Published: September 2020

Tulisan ini mengungkap bagaimana tindakan preventif atas penyebaran Covid-19 berdasarkan hadis Nabi. metode yang digunakan adalah tematik. Sementara untuk memahami kandungan hadis yang berkaitan, tulisan ini secara spesifik mengkaji ma’āni al-ḥadīth dengan pendekatan interkontekstualitas. Hasil pembahasan secara tematik mengindikasikan bahwa, Islam memberi rambu-rambu tindakan preventif atas segala macam bencana atau penyakit, jauh sebelum Covid-19 muncul. Penjelasan hadis Nabi terkait tindakan preventif atas penyebaran Covid-19 antara lain; memberlakukan berdiam di rumah, social distancing (pembatasan sosial), memperbanyak sedekah, memelihara wudhu, menjaga imunitas tubuh serta memohon pertolongan kepada Allah Swt. Upaya-upaya ini merupakan ikhtiar yang harus dilakukan secara intensif dan kolektif oleh setiap warga, agar penyebaran Covid-19 segera terhentikan
Implementasi Prinsip Yakin pada Rukun Iman dalam Konseling Islam
Authors: Nur Jarnawi Muhammad , Azhari Azhari , Urka Adzanmi
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi prinsip yakin pada rukun iman dalam konseling Islam. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pustaka (library research), dengan menggunakan (content analysis) yang bersifat pembahasan terhadap isi suatu informasi tertulis yaitu menganalisa temuan dan pembahasan hasil penelitian yang berkaitan dengan implementasi prinsip yakin dalam Islam, dan implementasi prinsip yakin pada rukun iman dalam konseling Islam. Selanjutnya prinsip yakin menurut ajaran Islam yaitu harus mencakup empat syarat, yaitu; sabar, tawakal, ridha, dan takwa (takut) untuk mencapai ilmul yakin, ainul yakin, dan haqqul yakin didukung dengan cara berkontemplasi (merenung), mentadaburi Al-Quran, berdoa, dan khalwat. Implemantasi prinsip yakin pada rukun iman dalam konseling Islam menanamkan keyakinan pada konseli bahwasanya ada Allah yang memeberikan ketenangan seperti rasa aman dari ketakutan dan yang mengenyangkan dari rasa lapar.

This research aims to know the implementation of the belief principle in Islamic counseling. Using content analysis, this library research is a division between the contents of written information, namely analyzing the findings and division of research results related to the implementation of a particular principle in Islam and the implementation of a particular principle based on faith in Islamic counseling. Moreover, there shall be four conditions in Islam: patience, laughter, joy, and fear, that they may attain the knowledge of certainty, and that they may be supported in repentance, and that they may follow it, and that they may pray, and that they may beware. The implementation of the principle believes in the prayer of faith in the council of Islam convinces the council that God gives tranquility like a sense of security from fear and enlightenment from hunger.
Minat Bermain Musik Anak Usia Dini antara Bermain Perkusi dan Bermain Angklung
Authors: Meilani Sinta Nur
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui minat bermain musik anak RA dengan penggunaan permainan musik perkusi dan angklung pada aspek perkembangan seni anak usia 5-6 tahun. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Quasi Eksperimen dengan desain penelitian Non Equivalent Control Group Desain pada kelompok B di RA Al Bajuri Cikajang Garut dengan menggunakan 2 kelas yaitu kelas B1 dan B2 sebanyak 27 anak yang berjumlah kelas B1 sebagai kelas kontrol 14 anak dan B2 sebagai kelas eksperimen 13 anak. teknik pengumpulan data melalui lembar observasi, unjuk kerja, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa minat bermain musik anak dengan menggunakan alat musik perkusi diperoleh nilai rata-rata pre-test sebesar 62 dengan kategori mulai berkembang dan post-test sebesar 78 dengan kategori berkembang sesuai harapan. Sedangkan pada kelas yang menggunakan alat musik angklung diperoleh nilai rata-rata pre-test sebesar 56 dengan kategori mulai berkembang dan post-test sebesar 68 dengan berkembang sesuai harapan. Perbandingan minat bermain musik anak dengan yang menggunakan alat musik perkusi dan angklung memiliki perbedaan  yang signifikan, hal ini dibuktikan dari hasil post-test uji hipotesis yang menunjukan nilai thitung = 4,000 > ttabel = 2,060 pada taraf signifikansi 5%.
Hubungan antara Aktivitas Melipat Kertas dengan Kemampuan Motorik Halus Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Tarlina Elia
Published: September 2020

Hasil studi pendahuluan di kelompok B2 RA Al-Wafi menunjukkan bahwa, terdapat beberapa permasalahan yang terkait dengan kemampuan motorik halus yang belum berkembang secara optimal seperti saat menggunting pola hasilnya belum rapi tidak mengikuti garis sesuai pola. Dalam kegiatan menggambar, anak masih kaku memegang krayon sehingga hasilnya masih keluar garis. Kondisi demikian merupakan masalah yang menarik untuk diteliti. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui realitas aktivitas melipat kertas, realitas kemampuan motorik halus dan realitas hubungan antara aktivitas melipat kertas dan kemampuan motorik halus. Metode yang digunakan yakni kuantitatif korelasional. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini adalah melalui lembar observasi dan dokumentasi. Adapun hasil perhitungan pada variabel X diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 72. Nilai tersebut berada pada interval 70-79 dengan kategori baik. Sedangkan, pada variabel Y diperoleh nilai rata-rata 78. Nilai tersebut berada pada interval 70-79 dengan kategori baik. Hubungan antara ativitas melipat kertas dengan kemampuan motorik halus anak usia dini diperoleh angka koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,99. Angka koefisien korelasi ini termasuk pada kategori kuat/tinggi karena berada pada interval 0,800-1,000. Hasil uji signifikansi diperoleh harga thitung = 28,28 dan ttabel = 2,120. Artinya terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara aktivitas melipat kertas dengan kemampuan motorik halus anak usia dini. Adapun besarnya kontribusi/pengaruh aktivitas melipat kertas terhadap motorik halus anak usia dini sebanyak 86%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa 14% kemampuan motorik halus anak usia dini dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain.
Kemampuan Motorik Halus Anak Melalui Media Motor Skills Block Interlocking System
Authors: Latifah Ulya
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kemampuan motorik halus anak melalui media Motor Skills Block Interlocking System dengan media balok di kelompok B RA Qurrota A’yun Rancaekek Bandung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan desain penelitian non equivalent control group design. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah anak kelompok B RA Qurrota A’yun Rancaekek Bandung dengan menggunakan 2 kelas yaitu kelas B1 dan B2 sebanyak 28 anak yang terdiri dari kelas B1 sebagai kelas kontrol 15 anak dan B2 sebagai kelas eksperimen 13 anak. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah unjuk kerja dan dokumentasi, adapun teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis komparasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan motorik halus anak menggunakan media Motor Skills Block Interlocking System diperoleh nilai rata-rata pretest sebesar 63 dengan kategori cukup dan posttest sebesar 80 dengan kategori sangat baik. Sedangkan kemampuan motorik halus anak menggunakan media balok diperoleh nilai rata-rata pretest sebesar 58 dengan kategori kurang dan posttest sebesar 60 dengan kategori cukup. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kemampuan motorik halus anak menggunakan media Motor Skills Block Interlocking System dengan media balok. Hal ini dibuktikan dari hasil uji hipotesis yang menunjukkan nilai 14thitung"> = 2,799 14>">   14ttabel"> = 2,056 pada taraf signifikansi 5%.
Hubungan antara Kegiatan Bermain Maze dengan Kecerdasan Visual-Spasial Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Rachmawati Yulia
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui realitas hubungan antara kegiatan bermain maze dengan kecerdasan visual-spasial anak usia dini di Kelompok A RA Al-Wafi Panyileukan Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah anak Kelompok A RA Al-Wafi Panyileukan Bandung Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019 yang berjumlah 25 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi yang telah diuji validitas menggunakan rumus korelasi Product Moment dan reliabilitasnya menggunakan rumus Alpha. Instrumen Kegiatan Bermain Maze memiliki 36 butir item pernyataan yang valid dan memiliki koefisien reliabilitas sebesar 0,97. Sedangkan instrumen Kecerdasan Visual-Spasial Anak Usia Dini memiliki 27 butir item pernyataan yang valid dan memiliki koefisien reliabilitas sebesar 0,96. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan analisis korelasi menggunakan Spearman Rank diperoleh harga rhohitung sebesar 0,64. Sedangkan, hasil perhitungan uji signifikansi korelasi menggunakan t test diperoleh thitung sebesar 3,99 dan ttabel pada taraf signifikansi 5% dengan db = 23 sebesar 2,069. Karena thitung = 3,99 > ttabel = 2,069, maka dapat diinterpretasikan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara kegiatan bermain maze dengan kecerdasan visual-spasial anak usia dini.
Upaya Meningkatkan Karakter Disiplin Anak Melalui Pohon Kedisiplinan di Tk IK Keluarga Ceria Sleman
Authors: Rizqiyyatunnisa Rizqiyyatunnisa
Published: September 2020

The background of the problem in this study is that the behavior of the discipline is not fully owned by the children, so that it affects the teaching and learning process in the classroom. There needs to be a renewal in the form of strategies or media that can familiarize the discipline behavior of children, so that children can get used to discipline by using the discipline tree. This study aims to determine the application of the "Disciplinary Tree" in improving the character of child discipline and to measure the increase in the character of child discipline through "Disciplinary Trees in Kindergarten IK Ceria Family Sleman. The research method used is a research method with a qualitative approach in the form of classroom action research (CAR). Data collection is done by observation, interviews, and documentation. The subjects in this study were children of Class B1 Kindergarten IK IK Ceria Sleman Family with a total of 22 students, consisting of 9 girls and 13 boys. The results of this study can be concluded that: 1) the application of the discipline tree is done by introducing the discipline tree, its function and how to use it in children, then the children are asked to try and apply it during the learning activities. The teacher observes the child's disciplined attitude when using the discipline tree; 2) increasing the character of child discipline through Disciplinary Trees at IK IK Ceria Happy Family by 39.7%
Analisis Perkembangan Perilaku Proposial Anak Dengan Metode Bermain Peran
Authors: Effendi Rika Abdul Hakim , Mangkuwibawa Hilman , Ratnasih Teti
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui realitas perkembangan perilaku prososial anak pada kelompok A dengan metode bermain peran dan metode bernyanyi, serta perbedaan perkembangan perilaku prososial anak dari kedua metode tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode kuasi eksperimen. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah 37 anak kelompok A RA PERSIS 235 Nasrullah. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu lembar observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis komparasi yaitu, pengujian hipotesis komparatif dengan uji t. Realitas perkembangan perilaku prososial kelas eksperimen dengan metode bermain peran, diperoleh nilai rata-rata pretest = 59 dengan interpretasi kurang, sedangkan nilai rata-rata posttest = 73 dengan interpretasi baik. Realitas perkembangan perilaku prososial kelas kontrol dengan metode bernyanyi, diperoleh nilai rata-rata pretest = 63 dengan interpretasi cukup, sedangkan nilai rata-rata posttest = 68 dengan interpretasi cukup. Hasil uji t1, diperoleh t1= 2,76>nKt1 pada tarafsignifikansi 5% = 1,73, sehingga dapat diinterpretasikan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan mengenai perkembangan perilaku prososial anak antara metode bermain peran dengan metode bernyanyi.
A arte mural de Mino Cerezo Barredo no período militar brasileiro
Authors: Fernandes Márcio Luiz
Published: September 2020

A denúncia política e a crítica social – desde uma leitura teológica da realidade - podem ser visualizadas nos diversos murais de Maximino Cerezo Barredo espalhados em diferentes lugares da América desde o México até a Argentina. Para Pedro Casaldáliga -  bispo emérito de São Félix do Araguaia MT – Cerezo Barredo pode ser considerado – no contexto da teologia elaborada na América Latina – como o pintor da libertação. A grandeza das obras de Cerezo expostas por todo o mundo por meio de murais, vitrais, azulejos, ilustrações em livros e revistas constituem um patrimônio que traduz de modo revolucionário como o apelo pela justiça e a luta contra os poderes opressores podem ser expressos nas imagens e refletir uma arte que provém do mundo dos pobres da América Latina. Pretende-se examinar aqui algumas obras realizadas por Cerezo no Brasil no período militar e as respectivas relações seja com o contexto da arte sacra do século XX na América Latina quanto com a denúncia dos horrores e violências praticadas contra os grupos mais vulneráveis da sociedade brasileira no referido período.
Effects of lead on growth, osmotic adjustment, antioxidant activity and photosynthetic responses in Phoebe chekiangensis seedlings
Authors: YANG Yujie , LI Wenjie , HE Xinru , HU Die , FEI Yongjun
Published: September 2020

Experiments were conducted on 1-year Phoebe chekiangensis seedlings treated by different concentration (0, 300, 600, 900, 1200 mg/L) of Pb (NO3)2. Sixty days later, determination was implemented on seedling growth, physiological and photosynthetic parameters. The results showed that the lower concentration treated could promote the growth of the seedlings. But with the increase of concentration of lead, P. chekiangensis seedling height increment, ground diameter growth, whole biomass, total root surface area, root volume, total root length and root activity decreased, while root-shoot ratio present a rising trend. With the increase of concentration of Pb(NO3)2 solution, the membrane permeability and MDA content of P. chekiangensis seedlings showed a trend of rise after the first reduce; the protein content and chlorophyll content presented a trend of decrease after the first increase; while the POD, SOD and CAT activity increased firstly but decreased afterwards; the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate were all increase at first then decrease, which indicated that protection enzyme activity and membrane was damaged thus the growth of P. chekiangensis seedlings was inhibited.
Nutritional value and antioxidant activity of the maguey syrup (Agave salmiana and A. mapisaga) obtained through three treatments
Authors: HERNÁNDEZ-RAMOS Lyzbeth , GARCÍA-MATEOS Rosario , YBARRA-MONCADA Ma. Carmen , COLINAS-LEÓN María T.
Published: September 2020

During the Pre-Colombian period magueys were used in Mesoamerica for their sap, which is named “aguamiel” (literally “honey water” in Spanish). Aguamiel is then fermented into “pulque”, followed by (in order of importance): textiles, apparel, different thicknesses cords, food (sweetener, syrup, vinegar, flower buds, and cooked immature flowering stalks), firewood and construction materials. The maguey syrup is a product that is traditionally obtained by concentrating the aguamiel by means of an artisanal evaporation treatment (high temperatures, atmospheric pressure and prolonged times). The nutritional and nutraceutical value of this concentrate is unknown despite its wide consumption since pre-Hispanic times in various regions of Mexico. The objective of this work was to evaluate the nutritional value and the content of antioxidant compounds of the maguey syrup obtained from the aguamiel (Agave salmiana and A. mapisaga) through three elaboration treatments (artisanal evaporation, evaporation under reduced pressure and lyophilization). The best species for the production of maguey syrup turned out to be the aguamiel of the A. salmiana due to its nutritional and nutraceutical attributes, higher content of reducing sugars and lower sucrose compared to that of A. mapisaga. The maguey syrup is a sweetener with a higher content of protein (3320 mg 100-1) in comparison to bee honey (152.7 mg 100 g-1). The maguey syrup obtained by lyophilization (LYT) retained the nutraceutical value; but its antioxidant activity was statistically equal to the syrup obtained by evaporation under reduced pressure (RPT), and the artisanal evaporation treatment (AET) had a decrease in vitamin C content in comparison to LYT and RPT. The syrups obtained by RPT and AET presented different degrees of non-enzymatic darkening, possibly due to the formation of melanoidins (dark pigments). The darkest syrup obtained by AET had the highest antioxidant capacity (987.24 μM TE 100 g-1) associated to a higher content of phenolic compounds (593.74 mg GAE 100 g-1).
Ionic responses of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants under salinity stress and humic acid applications
Authors: GULMEZOGLU Nurdilek , İZCI Ezgi
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different humic acid application methods (control, soil, foliar and soil + foliar) on chlorophyll content, dry matter weight of shoots and roots, concentrations of potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na), and K/Na and Ca/Na ratios of bean plants exposed to increasing salinity levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM). The effects of salt damage on shoots and roots of bean plants were significantly differed in humic acid application methods. Chlorophyll content decreased with the increase in salt doses at control and soil application of humic acid, while the decrease in chlorophyll content was lower in foliar application of humic acid. Shoot dry weight was not affected by humic acid applications, while root dry weight increased in soil + foliar application method. Soil + foliar humic acid application caused the highest shoot and root Na concentrations. Shoot Ca (2.61%) concentration in soil + foliar application was significantly higher compared to the other treatments, while the highest Ca concentration in roots (1.55%) was recorded in soil humic acid application method. The highest K concentration in roots was obtained in the control treatment (2.50%) followed by soil + foliar humic acid application (2.48%). The ratios of K/Na and Ca/Na in shoots decreased with the increase in salt application rates. The highest shoot K/Na (1456.1%) and Ca/Na (1274.1%) ratio in humic acid x salt interactions was found in soil application of humic acid without salt treatment. The root and shoot dry matter yield and K and Ca concentrations of the plants indicated that soil+foliar application method has a preventive effect for the plants against the 50 mM salt damage. The results showed that soil+foliar humic acid application in addition to the mineral fertilization required for beans can contribute to the growth and mineral nutrition of the plants under moderate salt stress (50 mM NaCl).
Agronomic biofortification with selenium improves the yield and nutraceutical quality in tomato under soilless conditions
Authors: GAUCIN-DELGADO Jazmín M. , HERNÁNDEZ-MONTIEL Luis G. , SÁNCHEZ-CHAVEZ Esteban , ORTEGA-ORTIZ Hortensia , FORTIS-HERNÁNDEZ Manuel , REYES-PÉREZ Juan Jose , PRECIADO-RANGEL Pablo
Published: September 2020

Selenium (Se) is an essential element for humans. Its consumption comes from food of animal or vegetal origin; whose content varies widely depending on its availability in soil or anthropogenic sources. Biofortification improves food nutritional quality, and its consumption has a positive influence in human health. Thus, the objective of this research was to assess agricultural biofortification with Se in tomato fruit and its effects on yield, nutraceutical quality, and antioxidant capacity.  Five Se doses (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mg L-1) in the form of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) were added in a nutritional solution in a hydroponic system.  The results obtained indicated that agricultural biofortification with Se applied in the nutritional solution improved yield, nutraceutical quality, and Se concentration in tomato fruit. The optimum Se dose that maximized yield and nutraceutical quality, as well as the recommended consumption concentration in tomato fruit in this study was 2 mg L-1 (Na2SeO4) because higher doses decreased yield and bioactive compound biosynthesis. Incorporating Se in the nutritional solution is an alternative to increase phytochemical compound biosynthesis in tomato fruit and yield with the possibility of improving public health with its consumption.
Allelopathic potential of Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. leaf extracts against the seedling growth of six test plants
Authors: KYAW Ei H. , KATO-NOGUCHI Hisashi
Published: September 2020

Acacia pennata (L.) Willd (Mimosaceae), a woody climbing plant, is used as a traditional medicinal plant in the South and Southeast Asia regions and has been documented to have various pharmacological effects. However, the allelopathy of this plant still remains unclear. Thus, the allelopathic potential of A. pennata leaf extracts was examined against the seedling growth of dicot plants [alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), cress (Lepidium sativum L.), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)] and monocot plants [barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiﬂorum Lam.), and timothy (Phleum pratense L.)] at six different concentrations. The results showed that the A. pennata leaf extracts inhibited the seedling growth of all the test plant species at concentrations ≥3 mg dry weight (D.W.) equivalent extract mL-1. The inhibitory activity of the extracts against both shoot and root growth varied with concentration and tested plants. The concentrations required for 50% inhibition of the test plant shoots and roots were 1.5-16.1 and 1.4-8.6 mg D.W. equivalent extract mL-1, respectively. The root growth of all the test plant species was more sensitive to the extracts than their shoot growth, except alfalfa. The results of the present study indicate that the A. pennata leaf extracts may have allelopathic potential and may contain allelopathic substances. Therefore, further studies are required for isolation and identification of the growth inhibitory substances which are responsible for the allelopathic effect of A. pennata.
Impact of row spacing and seed rate on the production characteristics of the perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and their valorisation
Authors: JOVANOVIĆ TODOROVIĆ Marijana , POPOVIĆ Vera , VUČKOVIĆ Savo , JANKOVIĆ Snežana , MIHAILOVIĆ Andreja , IGNJATOV Maja , STRUGAR Vladimir , LONČAREVIĆ Velimir
Published: September 2020

In this paper are shown the results of the production characteristics of the perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cv. ‘Naki’, which grown in rows with different row spacing and seed rate in the agroecological conditions of central Serbia in three successive analysed years. Four levels of two observed factors were used in the experiment: row spacing (12.5; 25; 37.5 and 50 cm) and seed rate (9, 16, 23 and 30 kg ha-1). Due to the analyses, the height of the tiller, the length of the spike and the number of spikelets per spike gave better results by sowing in wider rows (37.5 and 50 cm) using lower seed rate (9 and 16 kg ha-1). Seed yield and harvest index responded favourably to sowing in rows at a wider row spacing (37.5 and 50 cm) in combination with a lower seed rate (9 and 16 kg ha-1), while shoot dry weight gave better results by sowing in narrower rows (12.5 cm) with lower seed rate (9 and 16 kg ha-1). Using the appropriate row spacing in sowing and the optimum of seed rate provides the highest results of the production characteristics of the perennial ryegrass that can be applied to further production.
A Review on Current Scenario of 2019-nCoV and Its Treatments
Authors: Chakraborty Debasmita
Published: September 2020

The SARS-CoV-2 virus emerged in December 2019 and then spread rapidly worldwide, particularly from Wet Market of Wuhan City, Hubei ProVince, People’s Republic of China, caused a highly contagious disease, Novel Coronavirus Disease or COVID-19. World Health Organisation (WHO) declared
Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak as pandemic on 12th March, 2020. Reproduction Number (Ro) of SARS-CoV-2 virus ranges from 2.47-2.86. Incubation period of nCoV varies from 2-14 days based on age, gender, and other physiological conditions. Based on current published
evidence, the most common symptoms of COVID-19 are fever (87.9%), cough (67.7%), fatigue (38.1%), diarrhoea (3.7%), and vomiting (5.0%) but Pneumonia, Multi Organ Dysfunction and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) or Death may occur in severe stages of infection.A study on phylogenetic
analysis from Wuhan Institute of Virology showed 96.2% similarity in genome sequencing between SARS-CoV-2 and Bat Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-RaTG13).Coronaviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses (having 60-140 nm diameter) with four different types (α, β, δ, γ Coronavirus
Strains). Usually, β-Coronavirus Strains are responsible for human to human transmission during COVID-19 infection. At present no specific antiviral drugs or vaccines are available for 2019-nCoV except some supportive cares but scientists are constantly struggling to develop. This review
systematically summarizes the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, isolation, treatment, prevention, controlof COVID-19and its future perspective also. It is hoped that this review will help the public to recognize and deal with SARS-CoV-2, and provide a reference for future
studies.
Effects of SARS-COV-2 Viral Infection on Cancer Patients: A Biological and Statistical Study during the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Mukherjee Dipro , Garai Sayantani , Lahiri Dibyajit , Nag Moupriya
Published: September 2020

The novel COVID-19 Pandemic has affected the World terribly causing death of more than 500,000 people, affecting over 200 countries and demolishing the World Economy. As prior studies and researches suggest, cancer patients are generally considered more prone to the viral infections
owing to various relevant reasons. Therefore, a systematic analysis of cancer patients affected by COVID-19 is highly required. In this paper, data from several performed experiments in many multi-centred studies are included and evaluated to draw conclusions, specifically focusing on the
age-matched non-cancer patients confirmed with COVID-19. The results suggests that COVID-19 patients with cancer had higher risks in all severe outcomes [1]. Patients with hematologic cancer, lung cancer, or with metastatic cancer (stage IV) had minimum survival chances. Patients with
non-metastatic cancer also showed similar results to those observed in patients without cancer. Patients who received surgery had low mortality rates. Again, patients undergoing radiotherapy did not possess any differences which is significant [2]. These results clearly suggest that
patients with cancer are more prone to SARS-CoV-2 viral infection.
Investigating Learner Centered Approach towards teaching of Effective Communication skills: An ‘adaptable’ methodology for Management Education
Authors: Datta Sohini
Published: September 2020

A long discussed, long researched domain in the field of Education in general and ‘English Language Teaching’ in particular has perhaps remained unanswered, that is, how to make teaching a language ‘interesting’ and how to become an ‘innovative facilitator’
rather than a ‘teacher’? In order to answer this question the outcome of the whole activity called ‘teaching-learning’ needs to be addressed.The present paper attempts to suggest certain ‘creative’, ‘adaptable’ and ‘flexible’
teaching methodologies for Management Education in West Bengal, India to highlight that there is now a need for a ‘paradigm shift’ in the way learners are taught.The paper begins with several background information about this area and then proceeds towards various types of
‘enthusiastic’ and ‘fun-filled’ teaching techniques along with ‘case study’ justifications.The paper finally concludes with recommendation that the focus of teaching and learning should now be on ‘learner-teacher’ and not on ‘teacher-learner’
relationship. Students must be taught not in the literal sense of the term ‘teaching’ but they need to be ‘facilitated’ always to learn by themselves especially when being dealt with the Management students.
Reliability analysis of models for predicting T-beam response at ultimate limit response
Authors: Ahmad Afaq , Cotsovos Demitrios M.
Published: September 2020

The aim of the present paper is to compare the current design codes’ predictions for reinforced concrete (RC) T-beams with the alternative physical methods – namely, the compressive force path (CFP) method and artificial neural networks (ANNs). Therefore, two databases, for T-beams without stirrups and with stirrups, are developed using the available experimental studies. The comparative study on prediction (obtained from the American Concrete Institute and Eurocode 2, CFP and ANN models) shows that the predictions of the ANN model provide a closer fit to the experimental results; after ANN the predictions of the CFP method are close to the experimental results when compared with the counterpart physical model. Comparative studies are also conducted on the critical parameters for the behaviour of RC T-beams. Furthermore, a non-linear finite-element tool (i.e. Abaqus) is used to validate the prediction of the ANN and CFP model. The crack pattern from Abaqus exhibited the same mechanics, on which the CFP models are based.
Attitudes toward the Use of Project-Based Learning: A Case Study of Vietnamese High School Students
Authors: Tran Thao Quoc , Tran Tu Ngoc Phan
Published: September 2020

It is universally acknowledged that project-based learning (PBL) plays a fundamental role in language teaching and the learning process. In some developed countries with advanced education, PBL has been applied to language teaching and learning widely and effectively. However, in the context of Vietnam, PBL is unlikely to be viewed as an integral approach to enhance students’ self-directed abilities in their learning. This paper aimed at investigating EFL high school students’ attitudes towards PBL when they implemented PBL with the new English textbooks at Bui Thi Xuan High School in Vietnam. This study involved one hundred and fifty-five EFL high school students in answering the questionnaire and forty students in responding to semi-structured interview questions. The quantitative data were processed by SPSS in terms of descriptive statistics (means, standard deviation, and frequency), and content analysis was used for analyzing the qualitative data. The findings of the study showed that EFL high school students expressed positive attitudes (i.e. cognition, affection, and behavior) toward PBL. The data from the semi-structured interview were coded and analyzed to make the results of the study clearer. These preliminary findings are hoped to contribute to a better understanding of the current perspectives of applying PBL into language learning in the Vietnamese context so that practical implications should be made in order to enhance the quality of teaching in English language education in Da Lat specifically and Vietnam in general.
The Challenges Facing Female English Language Teachers in Secondary Schools in Jordan
Authors: Al-Bdeerat Khloud , Alqarraleh Basil , Altakhaineh Abdel Rahman Mitib
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to identify the obstacles facing female secondary teachers of English in Al-Qaser Directorate of Education in Al-Karak, Jordan. For the purpose of the study, a quantitative approach was adopted. The sample was randomly selected and included 170 female English language teachers. A questionnaire consisting of 29 items covering five domains was administered and 150 questionnaires were returned. The results showed that these teachers faced many academic challenges and obstacles in various domains, such as in the student, community, and parent domains, as well as teacher skills, curriculum, and school environment domains. The results also revealed that there were statistically significant differences in the challenges and obstacles faced by the teachers in terms of the experience variable. The study, thus, recommends adopting a more effective strategy to improve the school environment and having a suitable psychological context for female English teachers in order to enhance the quality of the students’ learning outcomes.
Developing a Model for the Evaluation of Iranian EFL Teachers’ Awareness of the Code of Ethics in Research
Authors: Samadi Farideh , Motallebzadeh Khalil , Ashraf Hamid , Khajavy Gholam Hassan
Published: September 2020

Conducting educational research is not an arbitrary practice. When implementing educational research, teachers, as researchers, need to adhere to ethical rules and norms. Thus, developing an instrument for evaluating English as foreign language (EFL) teachers’ awareness of the code of ethics in research can guide Iranian ELT professionals to work towards setting standards in the assessment of Iranian EFL teachers’ professional development and may assure consistency in EFL teachers’ quality assurance. The principal determination of the present study was to develop a scale to evaluate EFL teachers’ awareness of the code of ethics for conducting research in Iran. This work’s theoretical framework is based on the most influential ethical issues and elements in research in Samadi, Motallebzadeh, Ashraf, and Khajavy’s (2020) study. To this end, 272 Iranian EFL teachers (chosen using convenience sampling) participated in the analysis to fill out the scale in the piloting stage. The scale consisted of five main categories: (F1) Before the beginning of the research, (F2) the Beginning of the research, (F3) Gathering the data, (F4), Analyzing the data, and (F5) Writing, reporting, sharing, and storing the data. The first draft of the scale consisted of 60 items. As part of the validation procedure, the reliability of this scale was determined through Cronbach’s alpha, and its validity was measured by running a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) through a structural equation modeling approach. After performing the CFA, it was found that the questionnaire had high construct validity. Finally, the statistical findings were presented, and the implications of the ELT domain were given. The findings provide empirical evidence that provides a framework for assessing and evaluating EFL teachers’ awareness of the code of ethics in research.
Seven Deadly Sins: Culture’s Effect on Scholarly Editing and Publishing
Authors: Raitskaya Lilia , Tikhonova Elena
Published: September 2020

The opinion piece aims to draw readers’ attention to the effects cultures other than English-related ones exert on the processes of scholarly editing and publishing. Non-Anglophone writers with little academic English skills or a weak command of English tend to face desk-rejections or very difficult and time-consuming rounds of edits and revisions. Second-language researchers often are biased toward national schools of thought with the most prominent international research ignored. Such authors are unaware of the recent developments in their field on a global scale and are sometimes prone to misunderstanding scientific and academic genres in the internationally accepted mode. Non-Anglophone writers are also inclined toward native-language patterns of thought and, consequently, rhetorical schemas different from English. Such second-language researchers may have their specific understanding of ethics and criticism, responding to the latter in an unexpectedly harsh way. This combination of factors can lead to unoriginal, vague, unimportant, and unacceptable submissions to international journals, resulting in failures to disseminate their research globally. The authors share their approaches to curbing unpleasant and inefficient experiences for second-language contributors, editors, and reviewers.
Nuclei Isolation from Human Frozen Liver v1
Authors: Subramanian Sanjay , S Huppert Stacey
Published: September 2020

This protocol is used to isolate human liver nuclei from frozen samples in an effort to facilitate human nuclei extraction for use in single nuclear RNA sequencing and single cell ATAC sequencing without the need for fresh samples. This approach enables the ability to acquire signatures from all cell types, even those from fibrotic liver samples. A brief fixation step is included in order to preserve nuclear membrane integrity and prevent nuclear leakage. This protocol has been tested and works in frozen human liver samples weighing approximately 1 gram stored in cryopreservation medium. Single nuclear RNA seqencing was run using the 10x Chromium system. This project was supported in part by NIH P30 DK078392 (Gene Analysis Core) of the Digestive Diseases Research Core Center in Cincinnati, R01DK107553, and the Cincinnati Pediatric Cell Atlas Center funded by Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation to Stacey S. Huppert
Influence of Renewable Energy on Energy Security of Decentralized Electricity Systems
Authors: Lukutin Boris V. , Kiushkina Violetta R.
Published: September 2020

The article offers evaluation of the potential of renewable energy in improving the energy security of decentralized power supply systems and solving the problems of their development. The authors proposed a complex of indicative indicators with introduction of renewable energy sources as part of separate indicators, which allows us to research the energy security problems of regional decentralized energy systems of power supply. In the rationale for each indicator the place of renewable energy sources in aspects of resource security, the level of reliability of autonomous power supply systems, environmental and other positions of energy security have been shown. The proposed module of indicators with introduction of renewable energy includes a science-based list of criteria, methods and tools for their evaluation with the focus of measures to ensure energy security by means of integrating into autonomous power supply systems of renewable energy plants. The article traces the matching of the proposed approaches with the place of renewable energy in strategic planning documents in the national security of the Russian Federation
Relationship between Propensity to Victim Behavior and the Risks of Substance Use in Adolescents
Authors: Grigoryeva A.A. , Usova L.E.
Published: September 2020

The work is aimed at studying the propensity of adolescents to victim behavior and the risks of substance use. The materials of an empirical study obtained on a sample of secondary school students (n=153, age 12-16 years, 44% were female) are presented. The study included two stages: the first –to identify the relationship between the predisposition to the use of surfactants by adolescents and the propensity to victim behavior, and the second –to identify differences in personal profiles that determine the predisposition to addictive behavior in adolescents with different levels of victimization. The methodology of the study the tendency to victimization behavior, psychodiagnostic questionnaire "Narcotic". It was found that an increase in the predisposition to the use of surfactants in adolescents with personality traits corresponding to antisocial and conformal profiles is accompanied by an increase in the risks of forming aggressive and autoaggressive types of victim behavior. The significance of the data obtained for improving psychoprophylactic measures aimed at both reducing the risks of using surfactants and preventing the formation of victim behavior in adolescents is noted.
Research of Features Of Youth Vandalism And Development of Its Prevention Tools
Authors: Nikolaeva Y.V. , Grebennikov V.V. , Fedyakin A.V. , Rostokinskiy A.V. , Kalinovskaya V.S.
Published: September 2020

Vandalism among young people is one of the urgent problems in the study of youth deviant behavior. Vandal activity arises as a result of the deformation of social interaction, which becomes fixed and turns into destructive actions of people trying to understand themselves in social space through this form of activity. The article is aimed at exploring the genesis of the behavior of vandals, as well as socio-psychological and individual personality factors in the formation of readiness for the destruction of public property and the property of others. The authors examine the specificity and intensity of vandal activity of adolescents and young people in the context of their environment, as well as individual characteristics that contribute to deviant behavior.
Rational, Pragmatic and Competitive: Generation “Y” Stereotype Empiric Research
Authors: Rikel A.M.
Published: September 2020

Objectives. The study of the socio-psychological portrait of the so-called “Y” generation (born 1982—1999) in terms of stereotypes and autostereotypes regarding the rationality and pragmatism of this generation.
Background. Stereotypes that arise when interacting with people of another generation, always remain a relevant topic due to the constant change of generational cohorts. The media and popular image of the “Y” generation in the context of its rationality and pragmatism is due to the socialization of most representatives of this generation in the new post-Soviet individualized and “market” Russian society.
Study design. The study was carried out in 3 stages and was based on a mixed qualitative and quantitative methodology (which may explain the limited sample size).
Participants. 100 people (Stage I — 62, II — 18, III — 20), representatives of the so-called generations “Y” and “X” (Russia).
Methods. At Stage I, a questionnaire survey and an author’s projective method were used, dedicated to the perception of interpersonal relations in movies; at Stage II — an in-depth interview on the topic of romantic relationship; at Stage III — a semi-structured interview on the topic of organizational loyalty.
Results. Data were obtained according to which the generation “Y” perceives itself, as well as is perceived by the older generation “X” as (1) more rational in romantic relations, (2) different in terms of interpreting the presence of competition and cooperation in interpersonal relations, and as well as (3) a less loyal and more pragmatic in terms of organizational career generation.
Conclusions. The obtained results confirm the stereotypes of the “Y” generation that have developed in the media space considered in the article, and also contribute to the formation of a comprehensive socio-psychological portrait of representatives of this generational cohort.
The pig’s doom: Animal butchery, gender relations, and a new solution for Durham Proverb 10
Authors: Wade Erik
Published: September 2020

The Old English and Latin Durham Proverbs are famously obscure. Durham Proverb 10 describes a man sitting on a pig; the man jokes that what happens next is up to the pig. Scholars have read this as a possible marital joke, since the man is called a ceorl or maritus ‘husband’, yet this article suggests that the context is that of pig butchery. Medieval art frequently shows pigs being butchered by a man sitting on top of them to hold them down. Moreover, they often show the butchery performed by a man and a woman, suggesting that this proverb was a reference to an activity that a couple performed together, rather than a sexist commentary on marriage.
The Norn Hildina Ballad from the Shetland Islands: Scandinavian parallels and attempts at reconstruction/translation
Authors: González Campo Mariano
Published: September 2020

The Shetland Islands, together with the Orkney Islands, were until the nineteenth century a remarkable reservoir of the so-called Norn language, an extinct insular variety of Old Norse closely related to Icelandic and, specially, Faroese. Norn was preserved in these North-Atlantic British islands in form of single words, proverbs, or prayers. However, the longest and most complete text in Norn is the Shetlandic Hildina Ballad, collected on the small island of Foula in 1774 by George Low and consisting of thirtyfive stanzas. In this article I intend to offer a comparative approach to this Norn oral text refering to its Scandinavian parallels and the attempts at reconstruction and translation carried out by several scholars such as Marius Hægstad, Sophus Bugge, William G. Collinwood, Norah Kershaw, or Eigil Lehmann.