bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Student Paper: Comparing Loss and Hope to Yin and Yang
Authors: Chik Tamara
Published: September 2018

Working as a nurse’s aide provided an opportunity to observe loss and hope as experienced by patients with cancer. Although difficult to define, by using the analogy of the Chinese symbol of the yin and yang, loss and hope can better be described. Yin and yang are not unlike the concepts of loss and hope, especially when the two concepts are related to the four themes of yin and yang: opposition, togetherness, transformation, and balance. Like yin and yang, understanding the interactions that exist between loss and hope is fundamental to understanding the patient experiencing loss and hope.
Teaching Others to Care: A Case for Using the Humanities in Nursing Education
Authors: Wilby, Mary
Published: September 2018

Professional nurses practice in a complex environment, proficiency in technical skills, mastery of a broad body of nursing knowledge and the ability to utilize knowledge from other scientific disciplines must he coupled with a commitment of service to others, offered with understanding and compassion for a diverse community. This combination of knowledge, skill, and compassion are the ingredients that constitute the art of nursing, often referred to as the esthetic. This paper will discuss the art of nursing and explore some strategies to incorporate elements of the fine arts and humanities into professional ursing education.
Together in Supervision: Nurse Students’ Experiences. A Pilot Study
Authors: Hovland, Olav Johannes
Published: September 2018

Supervision in clinical placements provides a multidimensional learning context for student nurses and their supervisors. This study reports that students ask for more time, competencies, and supportive relationships with supervisors. The students seek to form their identity as nurses through participating in practice and clinical work. They create identities through learning from experiences, skill development, dialogues, and reflections. It is necessary to revitalize supervisors’ roles, competencies, assessment strategies, and skills in clinical supervision. Research gives reasons to evolve and implement new models that accentuate reflection and transformation to facilitate caring in clinical practice, for both students and supervisors.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Caring Nurse Observation Tool: Scale Development
Authors: Cossette, Sylvie , Forbes, Catherine
Published: September 2018

This paper describes the development and reliability assessment of the Caring Nurse Observation tool (CNOT), which includes measures of verbal and non-verbal caring interactions. Using Watson caring and Watzlawick communication theories, observable indicators of caring were selected. After a content validity assessment, the 43 indicators of the tool were tested for inter-rater reliability using both role-playing and real-life nurse-patient interactions. Mean inter-rater agreement was 38% and 41%, respectively, in the two datasets, indicating reliability of the tool. the CNOT will aid nurses to document and demonstrate the impact of caring attitudes on health outcomes in research and clinical practice.
Prayer at the Bedside
Authors: Hubbartt Beth
Published: September 2018

Nurses are often faced with the challenge of reconciling what is seen and believed regarding life with what is popular and commonly known by biomedical science. Faced with this philosophical, ethical, and moral dilemma, nurses can use many of the philosophical viewpoints grounding nursing science and its practice to assist in the reconciliation to this life-death issue. Using various perspectives and reflecting on Boykin and Schoenhofer’s theory of nursing as caring, this article addresses the question whether the presence of a beating heart is a sufficient determining factor to declare that a person is “alive,” influencing the reconciliation of technologic, caring, and nursing perspectives on health and human care. In essence, “Is a beating heart tantamount to being alive?”
Toward an Understanding of Caring in the Context of Telenursing
Authors: Jones, Marea , Hendricks, Joyce M. , Copy, Vicki
Published: September 2018

The aim of this study was to explore the dimensions of caring in the telenursing environment. A literature search was performed to identify the body of research related to telenursing and caring using the CINHAL, MEDLINE, and PsychINFO databases. Results indicated that caring is essential to the nurse-patient/relationship. The telenursing setting adds a dimension to care due to the non-visibility of those in the telenursing relationship context. An understanding of caring in the telephone triage environment has synthesized traditionally learned and modelled caring practices into this nursing specialty.
From Values to Virtue: The Basis for Quality of Care
Authors: Näsman, Yvonne , Nyström, Lisbet , Eriksson, Katie
Published: September 2018

The aim of this article is to discuss the conceptual connections between virtue, ethics, and quality of care, suggesting that there is a profound connection between virtue and quality. Virtue is discussed as a basic concept in caritative caring ethics, reflecting on the fundamental idea of quality, resulting in a model combining the two of them. This forms a solid basis for any quality assurance program and is, thus, of an abstract, general nature.
Nurses’ Perceptions of the Suffering of the Healer
Authors: Rowe, John
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions of nurses of the suffering of the healer. Twenty-five registered nurses (RNs) were interviewed about their experiences. Most reported that they had experienced suffering. The most common threats that gave rise to suffering were reverberations with the past, expectations, vulnerability, guilt, and the high cost of empathy. Strategies used to cope with their suffering included talking about it with colleagues, friends, and family, placing it in perspective, and prayer.
Caring Model: Putting Research into Practice
Authors: Amendolair, Darlene
Published: September 2018

The purpose of the study was to develop an institutional care model that reflected staff nurses’ perceptions of what nursing means to them. Swanson’s care theory concepts were compared to the nurses’ responses to evaluate if this middle-range theory could support a theoretically based, institutional care model. It was discovered that the theoretical concepts of knowing, being with, enabling, doing for, and maintaining belief found in Swanson’s care theory were expressed by the nurses. A care model was created that provided a visual display and guide nursing practice at this institution.
Caring from the Male Perspective: A Gender Neutral Concept
Authors: Colby, Normajean
Published: September 2018

The profession seeks to recruit and retain qualified nurses, while embracing a diverse workforce. A descriptive naturalistic inquiry was undertaken with a population whose voice has not been actively solicited in the literature, that of practicing registered nurses (rns) who are male. the research question was, “What is the essence of nursing as perceived by practicing rns who are male?” through purposive sampling, 11 male nurses were interviewed. The meta-theme, nursing as caring, emerged as participants described the essence of their nursing practice as caring. This essence centered on caring for and caring about people. Findings support that caring, as a concept, transcends gender.
The Making of a Butterfly: Reflective Practice in Nursing Education
Authors: Barbour, Jessalyn F.
Published: September 2018

Reflective practice is the cyclic process of internally examining and exploring an issue of concern, triggered by an experience, which creates and clarifies meaning in terms of self, existing knowledge, and experience. This is a descriptive phenomenological study that explores the guided reflections of eighteen RN-to-BSN students. The themes derived from the student text include (a) reflection in-action; (b) reflection on-action in daily nursing practice; (c) time, autonomy, experience, and fear were identified as barriers. By integrating reflective pedagogies into nursing curriculum, nurse educators can help students develop competence in reflective practice and enhance their learning for a lifetime.
Creating a Caring Work Environment and Fostering Nurse Resilience
Authors: Lowe London Draper
Published: September 2018

In coming years, as the nursing shortage increases, nurses and other healthcare professionals will experience increasing stress in the workplace. The impact of workplace stress is significant for nurses as well as their employers. It is imperative nurses be supported in a healthy work environment that fosters resilience and reduces the impact of stress. This article will provide a review of workplace stress and the harmful effect it can have on nurses. It will also outline the importance of resilience and promoting nurse resilience through the creation of a workplace environment that has a foundation in caring.
Understanding Older Peoples’ Experiences of Dignity and Its Significance in Caring— A Hermeneutical Study
Authors: Rykkje, Linda , Råholm, Maj-Britt
Published: September 2018

This article is part of a study that explores the concept of dignity and its interconnectedness with spirituality and focuses on understanding older peoples’ experiences of dignity and its significance in caring. A hermeneutical approach was chosen. Seventeen older people were invited to participate in two conversations, resulting in 30 interviews. The findings portray how dignity is always present and comprises the whole human being. Furthermore, feeling mutual love and being cared for is essential and may foster dignity in old age. The findings also point to how spiritual care underpins dignity through uplifting the spirit, feeling alive, and being valued.
Post Bologna–Master Level Nurse Education in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden: A Literature Review
Authors: Råholm, Maj-Britt , Löfmark, Anna , Slettebø, Åshild , Larsen, Birte H.
Published: September 2018

The objective was to evaluate master level nurse education in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden in relation to educational convergence and the professional status of nurses. A qualitative literature review was conducted and during 2009 to 2012, official databases, concerning European and national educational initiatives, were searched to identify educational convergence in specific in nurse education. In the 4 Scandinavian countries, nursing education is structured on higher educational levels in accordance with the Bologna Process and Tuning Project frameworks. However, national legacies are dominant. In Denmark and Finland, segregation between the academia and the professional is conspicuous overall, whereas in Norway and Sweden, integrative initiatives are significant. Educational convergence has not been obtained. Obstacles are due to dual structures, differences in academic levels, and division of tasks in specific in master’s level higher education.
Exploring Pre-Nursing Students’ Perceptions of Caring and Nursing: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Grobbel, Claudia C. , Rowe, Linda
Published: September 2018

Caring is the essence of professional nursing practice. In today’s complex healthcare environment the challenge becomes how to balance the demands of the high acuity environment with caring practices. Nursing is at risk for losing the essence of caring as technology threatens to overwhelm our work (Wagner, 2008). As clinical nursing care reprioritizes caring knowledge and practices, it becomes critical to examine how caring practices are taught, how they are prioritized and evaluated in the baccalaureate curriculum. A phenomenological study was conducted to understand the presence of caring knowledge in pre-nursing students’ essays. Fifty essays were analyzed revealing seven themes of caring. They are: the language of caring, sharing information, building relationships, role modeling, providing competent care, delivering caring actions and the results of being ill. Nursing education needs to consider these findings with caring as a way of being and a therapeutic intervention that is equal in importance to all other nursing interventions and care.
Transforming Practice through Embracing Caring In Nurse-Managed Centers
Authors: Valentine, Kathleen , Ordóñez, María , Millender, Eugenia
Published: September 2018

Caring is a complex and multidimensional concept. The quality of interaction in patient care encounters is affected by philosophical beliefs that shape practice design, delivery, and structural aspects of the practice environment. Florida Atlantic University’s Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing operates two nurse-managed centers that address diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease care; these play a critical role in the reduction of cost of care. In this article, we demonstrate the impact of following a caring philosophy in our centers through intersubjective, interobjective, interior and exterior individual, and collective measures. A philosophy of caring in action allows these centers to become places where the beauty and mystery of the human life experience is lived, studied, and researched.
Spirituality, Suffering, Meaning, Resiliency, and Healing: Research Findings and a Patient’s Story of Overcoming a Medical Challenge
Authors: Díaz-Gilbert, Miriam
Published: September 2018

Research shows that faith and spirituality contribute to helping patients endure suffering, heal physically and emotionally, give meaning to the experience, and remain resilient. The author shares her personal, medical nightmare and how her spirituality, faith, prayers, and scripture helped her cope with her suffering, overcome adversity, heal, and remain resilient. She shares lessons learned. The paper adds to the author’s narrative from the perspective of a patient to the body of spirituality and healing research. The author presents spiritual medical and nursing care research that supports that a patient’s spirituality, faith, prayer, and the Bible will help the patient to cope when suffering from a variety of medical and health challenges and research about the traits of individuals who overcome adversity and remain resilient.
Professional Caring: Descriptions from Student Nurses’ Perspectives Midway through their Educational Program
Authors: Landers, Margaret G. , Weathers, Elizabeth , McCarthy, Geraldine , Fitzpatrick, Joyce J.
Published: September 2018

The aim of this research was to explore the concept of caring from the perspectives of undergraduate BSc general student nurses midway through their educational program. Data were collected through written narratives. Participants (N = 21) were asked to respond in writing to three semistructured questions. Data were analysed using content analysis. Analysis yielded three categories: altruism, authentic presence, and therapeutic care. Findings show that nurse educators need to capitalize on the experiences that help students who are midway through their educational program, to internalize the concept of caring, and to develop competency in providing therapeutic caring.
Patients’ Experiences of Loneliness in a Professional Caring Relationship
Authors: Karhe, Liisa , Kaunonen, Marja
Published: September 2018

The aim of this qualitative interview study is to describe breast cancer and heart surgery patients’ experiences of loneliness in a professional caring relationship. Martin Buber’s perspective on loneliness provides an ontological basis for the examination of loneliness in the context of a professional caring relationship. Loneliness is a difficult experience for patients in a caring relationship to accept and handle. These experiences followed patients for years. An ontological perspective on loneliness helps to provide a deeper understanding of patients’ experiences in a caring relationship. These experiences help to illuminate what are the most essential elements of nursing care.
Student Paper
Authors: Moffa Christine
Published: September 2018

Novice nurses face several challenges, including increased clinical responsibilities and fitting in with other staff members, leaving them at risk for decreased job satisfaction, burnout, and possibly exiting their position or the profession altogether. Frequently, novice nurse orientation focuses on the acquisition of clinical skills; it serves the facility’s needs, but lacks a caring component that acknowledges the nurse as an individual. Nurse educators are in a unique position to develop orientations that will support and enhance the experience of novice nurses. This paper presents an exemplar of applying caring to novice nurse orientation using Swanson’s theory of caring.
Antecedent Context and Structure of Communication During a Caring Moment: Scoping Review and Analysis
Authors: Robinson Wolf Zane , King Beth M. , France Nancey E. M.
Published: September 2018

This scoping review and analysis of related literature induced the structure of the nurse-patient communication process during a caring moment. Data sources consisted of literature from databases, using the search terms of caring encounter, caring moment, nurse, nursing, patient, patient-centered care, relationship, and communication, and related theories and personal collections of investigators. Using thematic analysis, investigators reviewed citations for units of text with similar meanings indicating structures of a caring moment. Data synthesis produced the structure of the caring moment presented as a narrative. Results provide nursing faculty an opportunity to examine core elements of the caring moment with students.
Longing - A Dynamic Power in the Becoming of Health
Authors: Ueland, Venke , Nåden, Dagfinn , ÅLindstrom,
Published: September 2018

The study describes a preliminary theoretical model for understanding the substance of longing, based on interpretation of texts from Augustine and Kierkegaard. The model demonstrates how the dynamic power inherent in longing can be utilized to create health processes. Processes of change unfold through suffering and love, which start an inner dialogue that leads to a form of transparency. Vulnerability makes the process of longing challenging, but the longing has a connectedness to the source of love that renders human beings more transparent. The process of longing can create change and metamorphosis, similar to an ontological homecoming, expressed as gratitude and more definite longing.
Caring Behaviors Among Student Nurses Interacting in Scenario-Based High Fidelity Human Patient Simulation
Authors: Dunnington, Reneé M. , Farmer, Sandra R.
Published: September 2018

Important questions remain around the increased use of simulation in nursing education and the development of caring competencies. An observational study of 105 nursing students was conducted to explore the caring behaviors demonstrated during simulations and to examine the affordances and limitations of the simulation milieu to support development of caring competencies. The McDaniel (1990) instrument was adapted for scoring caring behaviors. A majority of participants exhibited passive caring behaviors. Self-initiated and transpersonal caring behaviors occurred in low frequency. Caring is important to patient health, satisfaction, and quality healthcare. Recommendations to support development of caring behaviors in simulation are offered.
Caring Elements in the Short Encounter
Authors: Holopainen, Gunilla , Nystrom, Lisbet
Published: September 2018

Even short encounters between caregivers and patients may be characterized as caring. In this paper, we uncover the caring elements in the short encounter by studying patient’s told narratives. Invitation to an encounter, the caregiver’s sense for how the patient feels, the patient’s sense for the caregiver’s way of being, and the prolonged time in the intense moment were found as caring elements that can create an encounter with opportunity for the patient to be both patient and human being.
Effects of Bedtime Nursing Care on Perceptions of Caring for Patients on a Rehabilitation Unit: A Pilot Study
Authors: Broscious, Christine , Spigelmyer, Pamela C. , Breckenridge, Diane
Published: September 2018

A pilot study was conducted in an acute care hospital’s rehabilitation unit to determine the effect of a 3 min, slow, back massage during evening nursing care on patient perceptions of nurse caring. The intervention was based on Watson’s (2008; 2012) theory of caring. A quasi-experimental design was used to compare perception of nurse caring by experimental group (n = 15) and usual care group (n = 14). Results showed no statistically significant difference between the groups on patient perceptions of nurse caring. Both groups were asked survey questions after evening care was given. Both groups responded similarly. Three themes relating to nurse caring emerged from the surveys: providing hygienic and comfort care, demonstrating nurse caring behaviors, and being relaxed and comforted. Lastly, patients in both groups reported a positive experience with their evening nursing care.
Creating a Caritas Culture in a Community Hospital Setting: A Labor of Love
Authors: Schlagel, Lisa C. , Jenko, Mimi
Published: September 2018

As social, political, and economic forces increasingly impact and challenge the healthcare environment, nurse leaders must purposefully seek and achieve continuous system improvement to ensure organizational viability. This article describes the vision of a passionate nurse leader who recognized two vital points: the necessity of theoretical underpinnings to guide nursing practice and the theory of human caring as relevant and pragmatic, capturing the essence of nursing. The replicable journey of embedding Watson’s caring theory into the institution’s structure and processes of care resulted in improved quality and financial outcomes, and transformed the culture of an entire organization.
Caring Ontology: Ethics and the Call of Suffering
Authors: Roach, M. Simone
Published: September 2018

This paper examines the primacy of caring as the ground for ethics, addressing the call of suffering as a moral call. It provides a brief overview of the author’s work on an ontology of caring as the human mode of being. Noting approaches to ethics as a discipline of knowledge and system of moral inquiry, the paper focuses on ethics as relational responsibility. The call of suffering is seen as filling the empty spaces in the human heart (Leon Bloy). It concludes with thoughts on the Pieta, the classic work of Michelangelo, a project that appealed to his tenderness and compassion; and the importance of story portrayed in poetry by Edwina Gateley.
Presencing: Nurses Commitment to Caring for Dying Persons
Authors: Miller Margaret A.
Published: September 2018

This article is based in the authors’ interpretive study of hospice and home care nurses which uncovered shared meanings and common practices of how the nurses remained faithful to caring for dying persons who had refused artificially administered nutrition and /or hydration. Despite knowledge of and agreement with ethical and professional positions that supported the client’s decision, caregivers frequently experienced emotional discomfort when dying persons refused food or fluids. Without the option of offering the sustenance of food and fluids as a caring, comforting practice, nurses sought ways of expressing fidelity and not abandoning the dying persons and their families. When the interviews of hospice and home care nurses were analyzed, several themes of attending and being present of dying persons emerged. The nature of presence was evident in the nurses’ stories of involvement with dying persons, families, and other professionals as the margins of the individual’s life and the nurses’ professional practice were revealed. The nurses’ reflections on the giving voice to their experiences during the interviews seemed to lead to a renewed commitment to being present for other dying persons.
Is It Possible For Caring To Be An Expression of Human Agape In The 21 st Century?
Authors: Fitzgerald Les
Published: September 2018

In Australia and in particular the State of Victoria, the health care delivery system is undergoing paradigmatic change. The development of a bureaucratic health care system that incorporates Casemix Funding, Australian National-Diagnostic Related Groupings and Managed Care models has resulted in the quantification of health care, which has undervalued the art of nursing. This article suggests that in human agape, regard for one’s neighbour and also one’s self clarifies the caring relationship and can assist the emancipation of the artisan component of nursing. A vision of nursing in the future shows a profession engaged in discourse and everyday dialogue about the concept of love as it relates to caring in nursing.
Synchronicity in Human–Space–Time: A Theory of Nursing Engagement in a Global Community
Authors: Lim-Saco Freslyn , Kilat Cliford Masayon , Locsin Rozzano
Published: September 2018

Synchronicity in the Human–Space–Time Theory of Nursing undergirds the innovative process of nursing engagement expressed as interpersonal relating, technological knowing, rhythmical connecting, and transformational engaging. The philosophical and theoretical perspectives declare the evolutionary design in affirming the meaningful human caring experiences within nursing practice. Moreover, theory-based practice sustains the human science view of wholeness of persons while focusing on the inclusion of the coexistence between technology and caring in nursing. The practice of nursing approaches human caring beyond the customary, fragmented, and routinary healthcare commitment.
Colostrum Swabbing as an Infection Prevention Strategy: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Sauer Sharon , Altmiller Gerry
Published: September 2018

Critically ill neonates are prone to healthcare-associated infection (HAI) due to an immature immune system and need for multiple invasive diagnostic and treatment procedures. The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the effectiveness of oral swabbing of colostrum as an intervention to provide immunity and decrease the incidence of neonatal HAI, particularly central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). The research study was informed by specific Caritas Processes, which are part of Watson’s Theory of Human Caring. Medical record audits were conducted for infants before, during, and after a 6-month pilot period for the clinical practice change of oral swabbing with colostrum, and data indicated the practice are safe, feasible, and effective in reducing CLABSI in critically ill neonates.
Presence in the Nurse–Client Relationship: An Integrative Review
Authors: Stockmann Cherrill
Published: September 2018

Aim:

To integrate empirical literature related to the use and outcomes of presence. Design: An integrative review of empirical research was conducted.

Method:

A comprehensive search from 1966 to August 2017 was conducted using Whittemore and Knafl’s five-step method. Twenty-six studies were eligible for the review.

Results:

Presence is a deliberate, interpersonal intervention that is implemented through physical, psychological, and spiritual actions to promote client well-being. Nursing actions associated with presence include use of self, availability, and therapeutic communication.

Conclusion:

This diverse range of primary sources indicates the significance of presence to nursing practice.
A Need for Better Communicating Caring as the Essence of Nursing
Authors: Cheung, Jenny
Published: September 2018

In a study to explore nurses’ interpretation of caring, the findings suggest that caring is at the center of nursing. However, a common tendency exists among nurses to view caring as at the periphery of nursing. The study also reveals that nurses, in their practice, continue to participate in and shape a culture that under-recognizes caring and their own contribution to practice. It is concluded that for caring to be recognized as the center of nursing, philosophies of human science need to be utilized so that caring as the essence of nursing can be better described, articulated, and communicated.
Meta-Synthesis: Merging Qualitative Studies to Develop Nursing Knowledge
Authors: Sherwood, Gwen
Published: September 2018

As the numbers of qualitative studies on a specific topic multiply, synthesis of the merged results helps to clarify the state of the field based on the research analysis. By apprehending and re-presenting findings from studies on a related topic through meta-synthesis, findings from single qualitative studies become more meaningful. The purpose of a meta-synthesis is to identify the extant qualitative research on a given topic and to translate the findings into a single representation offering a fuller understanding of the phenomenon. Synthesis of the commonalties emerging from the results of individual studies enables research on specific interventions to test their usefulness in nursing. The importance of systematic, integrative, synthesized results of non-experimental studies is underscored by the IAHC’s 1998 Synthesis Challenge. Meta-synthesis provides a needed model for conceptualizing a systematically derived research synthesis to guide development of individualized care interventions with predictable therapeutic outcomes.
Caring Connections: Knowing Self Within Caring Relationships Through Reflection
Authors: RGN, Christopher Johns
Published: September 2018

Practitioners who espouse a holistic philosophy of caring need to know and manage their appropriate involvement in relationships with patient/family relationships. Yet nurses often struggle with this aspect of work. A single shared experience, taken from a guided reflection relationship, is used to reflect on and transcend extant theory of managing practitioner involvement in patient/family relationship. Guided reflection is illustrated as a meaningful learning opportunity1 caring action whereby knowing self in the context of working with patients and families can be effectively known.
Connecting To Nurse-Self Through Reflective Poetic Story
Authors: Wagner A. Lynne
Published: September 2018

This paper explores poetry as narrative. Creating poetry is a reflective process that feeds personal and aesthetic knowing. When the Poet and the Nurse meet, a powerful alliance is created between head and heart, nursing science and nursing art. Poetic stories fabricate a mosaic of images, a tapestry of wisdom and understanding about the unique and universal aspects of living and dying. Through hearing stories and telling their own, nurses come to know themselves and others, their feelings, the depth of human experience, and the meaning of caring. Several examples of poetic stories are presented.
Asethetic Expression
Authors: Eifried, Sharon , Riley-Giomariso, Oma , Voigt Gayle
Published: September 2018

Nursing students often reveal how helpless they feel in responding to the suffering of patients. During analysis of two interpretive phenomenological research studies, bearing witness to suffering emerged as a theme that captured the meaning of the experiences of students caring for patients in medical-surgical units and critical-care units. The discussion in this article centers on art as an expression of lived experience, being called by the face of the other, tears in the face of suffering, caring amid suffering, a circle of caring, and illuminating the spiritual in caring. The purpose of this paper is to describe the experiences of students caring for suffering patients and to explore how a pedagogy of suffering can change teaching, learning, and students’ future practices.
Touching the Spirit of Elders in Nursing Homes: Ordinary yet Extraordinary Care
Authors: Touhy, Theris A.
Published: September 2018

Nurses in nursing homes have the opportunity to establish close, caring relationships with residents over time and often become the significant other in the lives of those whom they nurse. The opportunity to enter into spirit-sharing relationships makes it imperative to reflect on the depth and meaning of nursing practiced within a caring framework. The theory of nursing as caring (A. Boykin & S. Schoenhofer, 2001) provides the framework for understanding care that touches and supports the spirit of persons nursed. Nursing responses such as being authentically present, coming to know the person, and fostering connectedness are presented as ordinary yet extraordinary ways to touch the spirit of elders in nursing homes.
Inner Strength in Women Dwelling in the World of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Koob, Pam B. , Roux, Gayle , Bush, Helen A.
Published: September 2018

As a disease, multiple sclerosis has been widely studied; less is known about women’s processes in living with chronic conditions as part of their health. Experiences of women with multiple sclerosis were analyzed using interpretive phenomenology (M. Heidegger, 1927/1962). The data were classifiable into concepts of the theory of inner strength in women (G. Roux, C. Dingley, & H. Bush, 2002). One new theme was revealed, expanding understanding of inner strength in women with a visible chronic condition. Results were consistent with the theory that disease is evidence of the evolving patterns of the whole person in interaction with the environment (M. Newman, 1994).
Early Experiences of Being Cared-For and Capacity for Care: Some Black Nurses’ Stories
Authors: Nelms, Tommie P. , Bazen, Celestia
Published: September 2018

The origin(s) of caring capacity is poorly understood socioculturally and in nursing. While nursing literature assumes caring capacity is culturally derived and results from having been cared for, feminist literature proposes that female caring capacity comes from curbing girls’ interests and instilling guilt and deep concern about others. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the meaning of early experiences of being cared for in the lives of black nurses. Five African-American and two Jamaican-born nurses were interviewed. Findings reveal influences of gender, race, and class and suggest that being cared for, along with having to care for others and/or witnessing the care of others, contributed to caring capacity.
The Phenomenology of Psychological Caregiving in Nursing
Authors: Priest, Helena M.
Published: September 2018

In the context of holistic nursing care, psychological care for physically ill people is a central element. Yet nurses often find it difficult to elucidate the precise meaning of the concept. Evidence from the literature confirms that, although there is some consensus, there is a general lack of clarity regarding the nature and experience of providing psychological care. This phenomenological study aimed to illuminate both the nature of the concept and the experience for nurses in caring for their patients’ psychological needs. It culminates in a phenomenological description of psychological care that may provide a platform for future research.
Phenomenological Silence Surrounding Infant Death
Authors: Lauterbach Sarah Steen
Published: September 2018

This paper explores the phenomenological silence that surrounds infant death in spite of growing literature and public focus on death. Phenomenological silence is articulated as involving a lack of social awareness and consciousness, as being related to denial. The paper discusses other sensitive phenomena, involving intense human suffering, as being surrounded by a similar silence. As a research methodology and perspective, phenomenology is discussed as being useful in investigating sensitive, silent topics. Further, when viewed over time, a longitudinal phenomenological perspective is useful in validating, understanding, and creating new meanings. The article ends with a discussion of nursing work, which is often sensitive and thus, often surrounded by a phenomenological silence.
Ethical Decision-Making: Understanding and Responding to Human Dilemmas
Authors: Hentz, Patricia Becker
Published: September 2018

This paper proposes a dialectical approach for ethical decision-making that embraces the moral voice of reason and the moral voice of compassion. Presented is an organizing framework and decision-making process that seeks to uncover the relational elements, ethical components, and contextual details of the dilemma. It includes a process for decision- making that explores personal understandings, critical thinking, and dialogue.
The Transpersonal Caring Moment: Evolution of High Ordered Beings
Authors: Clark, Carey S.
Published: September 2018

This paper will examine chaos theory, bifurcation points, non-equilibrium states, and the unity of transpersonal interconnectedness in relation to patients’ disease processes and the utilization of Jean Watson’s theory of human caring. An explanation of the nurse’s ability to participate in a transpersonal caring moment and how the nurse’s caring presence facilitates patients toward higher levels of evolutionary order will be offered. Adiscussion regarding the impending paradigm shift within contemporary health care will elucidate the nursing profession’s need for an integral approach to nursing education and practice, one where both medical-technological interventions and holistic-humanistic-caring approaches are equally valued and enacted.
The Nurse in the Caring in Nurse Relationship: A Critical Social Theory Perspective
Authors: Sumner, Jane
Published: September 2018

Acritical social theory interpretation of the “ideal” nurse in the caring in nursing relationship suggests the ideal is difficult but nurses strive for this. The ten expert nurses from an international study acknowledged the nurse’s vulnerability, frustration, and need for validation and fulfillment in the “special” role of the nurse. This interpretation was based on a framework developed from Habermas’ (1995) Theory of Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action in which the components of the personal and professional self of the nurse are described then interpreted. Critical social theory examines power and justice, which is relevant in today’s healthcare delivery system.
Medicine’s Nature and Goals: Nietzsche’s Genealogy of Morality and the Changing Boundaries of Medical Practice
Authors: Biley Francis C.
Published: September 2018

Nietzsch’s On the Genealogy of Morality (1994) is used to explore recent changes in medical practice. Characterized by boundaries that define scientific objectivity, the biological stratum or the area of focus and concern (disease and the disembodied being), and the professional distance that is maintained in the healthcare encounter, the noble morality of contemporary medicine is being challenged in an act of ressentiment by the society’s slave morality that is inverting values and beliefs currently or previously held. Medical paternalism is in the process of giving way to consumer sovereignty, participation in decision-making, and the rediscovery of the embodied being. Nietzsche warns that dominant slave morality and the inversion of moral values may ultimately be detrimental to the advancement of man.
Norwegian Nurses’ Choice to Work with Alternative/Complementary Therapy: How Will This Affect Their Professional Identity?
Authors: Johannessen Berit
Published: September 2018

This article discusses professional identity among Norwegian nurses who choose to work with alternative/complementary medicine. Ethnographic fieldwork among nurses who worked with alternative/complementary medicine showed that the nurses still called themselves nurses. They felt that they were “more nurses” as alternative therapists than they were as registered nurses employed in the Norwegian public healthcare service. They argued that increasingly it was possible to meet patients holistically and that they could focus on patients more as persons than medical diagnoses. They emphasized the importance of focusing the patients’ self-healing abilities as stressed by Florence Nightingale. Nurses who work with alternative/complementary medicine have a strong identity as nurses. Some of them felt they had come home to the heart of nursing.
Giving Voice to Family Caring in Cancer: Integrating Visual Art and Research Findings
Authors: Eggenberger, Sandra , Krumwiede, Norma , Meiers, Sonja J. , Bliesmer, Mary , Earle, Patricia , Murray, Shirley
Published: September 2018

Family caring is not yet fully understood by the nursing discipline as an entity apart from caring for individuals. Aesthetic expression of research findings give voice to the family experience during illness and contribute to an understanding of family caring that may transform nursing practice. The phenomenon revealed by seven families experiencing chemotherapy-induced neutropenia was turbulent waiting with intensified connections. This phenomenon was interpreted by an impressionistic artist in an acrylic painting that elicited strong emotive responses from families, researchers, nurses, and students. Visual art illuminated cancer as a family experience that would benefit from practice focused on family caring.
Becoming Self-Reflective: Caring for Self & Others
Authors: Hentz Patricia Becker
Published: September 2018

Depicted is the authors’ model for reflective practice. Theoretical underpinnings of the model include Dewey’s theory of experience, principles of adult learning, feminist pedagogy, and Rogers’ theory of unitary man and phenomenology. At the core of the reflective process is a focus on self-awareness and caring for self. As this reflective process unfolds there is movement toward broadening the focus to what it means to be human with emphasis on a range of human experiences. The reflective model demonstrates how one moves from the process of self-reflection and self-understanding toward more awareness and understanding of the experience of others. The aim of the model as an educational approach is to facilitate a culture of caring.
Journaling to Learn: A Strategy in Nursing Education for Developing the Nurse as Person and Person as Nurse
Authors: Lauterbach, Sarah Steen , Hentz, Patricia Becker
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this study was to increase understanding of what the patient experiences when the nurse “cares for” or alternatively “does not care for.” Data were collected using the critical incident technique. Patient experiences were analyzed with the intention of understanding meaning. When the nurse “cares for” the patient, the nurse has a genuine will and desire to see the patient. The nurse carries out a caring relationship as the patient’s suffering is reduced through care. When the nurse “does not care for,” this shows that the patient is unimportant and is someone who disturbs the nurse. Thus, the nurse-patient relationship is not a caring one and this causes the patient increased discomfort and suffering.
Caring for Students in School Using a Community Nursing Practice Model
Authors: Barry, Charlotte D. , Gordon, Shirley C.
Published: September 2018

Nursing theories are needed to illuminate the complexity of caring for students in school settings within the broad context of connections to families and community. This article describes the application of a community practice nursing model to school nursing. The application, embedded within a nursing situation, demonstrates an environment in which school nursing is practiced from the transcendent values of respect, caring, and wholeness.
Caring in Action: The Patient Care Facilitator Role
Authors: Brown, Carolyn L. , Holcomb, Lesley , Maloney, Janet , Naranjo, Jose , Gibson, Charlotte , Russell, Patricia
Published: September 2018

The downsizing movement left fractures in the healthcare system for patients, nurses, and healthcare providers. To heal the fractures, nurses at the Baptist Hospital of Miami developed the patient care facilitator (PCF), a clinical leadership role for nurses within a smaller area of patient responsibility (12-bed hospital), to provide caring professional nursing practice for both patients and staff. This article describes the multimethod research done to evaluate the impact of the role on continuity of care for patients and caring behaviors of nursing staff. All methods, both qualitative and quantitative, converged and clearly demonstrated the value of the PCF in providing continuity of care from a caring framework.
Bir semt polikliniğine başvuran 0-6 yaş arası çocuğu olan ailelerin kurşun maruz kalım bilgilerinin incelenmesi
Authors: AKÇAY Duygu , ÖZCEBE Lütfiye Hilal
Published: September 2018

Araştırma, bir semt polikliniğine başvuran 0-6 yaş arası çocuğu olan ailelerin çocuklarda kurşuna maruz kalma bilgilerinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırma, 11-21 Ocak 2016 tarihleri arasında Hüseyin Savaş Semt Polikliniğinde yapılmıştır. Polikliniğine başvuran ebeveynler arasından araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katılmayı kabul eden 101 ebeveyne anket uygulanmıştır. Araştırma anketi, araştırmacılar tarafından literatürden yararlanılarak oluşturulmuştur ve yüz yüze anket uygulama tekniği ile uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Katılımcıların %86,1’inin kurşun zehirlenmesi ile ilgili yeterli düzeyde bilgisi olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Kurşun zehirlenmesi önleme bilgi puan ortalamaları, öğrenim durumu lise olan annelerde üniversite düzeyinde bir eğitime sahip olan annelerden daha düşük saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, il merkezinde yaşayan ailelerin bilgi puan ortalamalarının köy/kasabada yaşayanlardan ve ekonomik durum algısı yüksek olan ailelerin bilgi puan ortalamalarının orta algıda olan ailelerden daha fazla olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Ailelere, çocuk bakıcılarına ve çocuklara kurşuna maruz kalma konusunda eğitim verilmesi farkındalık yaratacaktır.
Tıp fakültelerinde ders ölüyor mu?
Authors: BAKAR Coşkun
Published: September 2018

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Integrative Proteomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Cotton Plant Defense Mechanisms Induced by Insect (Adelphocoris suturalis Jakovlev) Feeding
Authors: Lu Hui , Zhang Shuai , Luo Junyu , Wang Chunyi , Lv Limin , Zhang Lijuan , Zhu Xiangzhen , Wang Li , Gao Xueke , Hua Hongxia , Cui Jinjie
Published: September 2018

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum Linn.) is widely cultivated in China. The polyphagous insect Adelphocoris suturalis (Jakovlev) is a serious insect pest in cotton growing regions. Plants have evolved sophisticated systems to cope with herbivore attacks. However, the cotton defense mechanisms induced by A. suturalis feeding have lagged behind. We carried out untargeted proteomic analysis using the iTARQ technique and metabolomics based on LC-MS/MS analysis of cotton leaves fed upon by A. suturalis. Proteomic analysis identified 775 upregulated proteins and 477 downregulated proteins in plants that were infested by A. sututralis compared to the controls. Metabolomic analysis identified 50 differentially expressed metabolites in the positive ion mode and 14 in the negative ion mode compared to the controls. The tryptophan metabolism pathway was significantly changed in both the positive and negative ion mode in the metabolomics analysis. The alpha-linolenic acid pathway was significantly changed in both the proteomic and metabolomics analyses. Furthermore, the result was validated by RT-qPCR analysis of 5 related genes involved in alpha-linolenic acid pathway. These results indicate that tryptophan metabolism and the alpha-linolenic acid pathway may be important in cotton defense against herbivores and would enhance our understanding of plant defenses induced by A. sututrali feeding.
General Three Points Inequalities for Weighted Riemann-Stieltjes Integral
Authors: Dragomir Silvestru
Published: September 2018

In this paper we provide amongst others some simple error bounds in approximating the weighted Riemann-Stieltjes integral $\int_{a}^{b}f\left(t\right) g\left(t\right) dv\left(t\right) $ by the use of three points formula \begin{equation*} f\left(b\right) \int_{c}^{b}g\left(s\right) dv\left(s\right) +f\left(a\right) \int_{a}^{d}g\left( s\right) dv\left( s\right) -f\left(x\right) \int_{c}^{d}g\left(t\right) dv\left(t\right) \end{equation*} where $x,$ $c,$ $d\in \left[a,b\right],$ $g,$ $v:\left[a,b\right] \rightarrow \mathbb{C}$ under bounded variation and Lipschitzian assumptions for the function $f$ and such that the involved Riemann-Stieltjes integrals exist.