bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associations among exercise duration, lameness severity, and hip joint range of motion in Labrador Retrievers with hip dysplasia
Authors: Greene Laura M. , Marcellin-Little Denis J. , Lascelles B. Duncan X.
Published: May 2013

Objective—To evaluate factors associated with lameness severity and hip joint range of motion in dogs with hip dysplasia and to assess the association between hip joint range of motion and degree of lameness.

Design—Prospective case series.

Animals—60 client-owned Labrador Retrievers with hip dysplasia.

Procedures—Owners completed a questionnaire regarding their dogs' daily exercise duration and type (ie, low impact vs high impact) and lifestyle. Range of motion of affected hip joints was measured with a transparent plastic goniometer. The presence of subluxation or luxation of hip joints as a consequence of hip dysplasia and the size of the largest osteophytes or enthesophytes of hip joints on ventrodorsal radiographic images of the pelvis were recorded. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with lameness, loss of hip joint flexion, and loss of hip joint extension and to identify factors associated with the presence of large osteophytes.

Results—Exercise was associated with a decrease in the severity of lameness in dogs with hip dysplasia. The strength of this inverse relationship increased with longer exercise duration. Lameness was more severe in dogs with hip joint luxation than in dogs without luxation. Hip joint extension was 1° lower for each year of age, and osteophyte or enthesophyte size was 1 mm larger with each 3-year increase in age.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Longer daily exercise duration was associated with lower lameness scores in dogs with hip dysplasia. Dogs with hip joint luxation secondary to hip dysplasia had higher lameness scores than did dogs without hip joint luxation.
Metronomic administration of chlorambucil for treatment of dogs with urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma
Authors: Schrempp Diane R. , Childress Michael O. , Stewart Jane C. , Leach Tiffany N. , Tan Kean Ming , Abbo Andrew H. , de Gortari Amalia E. , Bonney Patty L. , Knapp Deborah W.
Published: May 2013

Objective—To determine the antitumor effects and toxicoses of metronomic oral administration of a low dose of chlorambucil in dogs with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC).

Design—Prospective clinical trial.

Animals—31 client-owned dogs with TCC for which prior treatments had failed or owners had declined other treatments.

Procedures—Chlorambucil (4 mg/m2, PO, q 24 h) was administered to dogs. Before and at scheduled times during treatment, evaluations of dogs included physical examination, CBC, serum biochemical analyses, urinalysis, thoracic and abdominal imaging including cystosonography for measurement of TCCs, and grading of toxicoses.

Results—29 of 31 dogs had failed prior TCC treatment. Of the 30 dogs with available data, 1 (3%) had partial remission (≥ 50% reduction in tumor volume), 20 (67%) had stable disease (< 50% change in tumor volume), and 9 (30%) had progressive disease (≥ 50% increase in tumor volume or development of additional tumors); 1 dog was lost to follow-up. The median progression-free interval (time from the start of chlorambucil treatment to the day progressive disease was detected) for the dogs was 119 days (range, 7 to 728 days). The median survival time of dogs from the time of the start of chlorambucil treatment was 221 days (range, 7 to 747 days). Few toxicoses were detected; chlorambucil administration was discontinued because of toxicoses in only 1 dog.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Metronomic administration of chlorambucil was well tolerated, and 70% of dogs had partial remission or stable disease. Metronomic administration of chlorambucil may be a treatment option for dogs with TCC.
Evaluation of risk factors for development of corneal ulcer after nonocular surgery in dogs: 14 cases (2009–2011)
Authors: Park Young-Woo , Son Won-Gyun , Jeong Man-Bok , Seo Kangmoon , Lee Lyon Y. , Lee Inhyung
Published: May 2013

Objective—To evaluate the prevalence of and risk factors for development of corneal ulcers after nonocular surgery performed with general anesthesia in dogs.

Design—Retrospective case-control study.

Animals—14 dogs with development of corneal ulcers after nonocular surgery and 718 control dogs.

Procedures—Medical records of dogs evaluated at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University from January 2009 to June 2011 were reviewed for assessment of risk factors for development of corneal ulcers.

Results—Among the 732 reviewed cases, 14 (1.9%) dogs of 6 breeds developed a corneal ulcer after nonocular surgery. Duration of anesthesia was significantly longer in dogs with ulcers than dogs without ulcers. The number of medications received and procedures performed were also significantly higher in dogs with ulcers than dogs without ulcers. Dogs with a small skull (OR, 8.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 70.90) and dogs that received neurosurgery (OR, 21.12; 95% CI, 5.77 to 77.25) were more susceptible to development of corneal ulcers. Also, postoperative application of a fentanyl patch was a risk factor for development of corneal ulcers (OR, 4.53; 95% CI, 1.05 to 19.60).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Several risk factors were identified for development of corneal ulcers after nonocular surgery was performed with general anesthesia in dogs. Perioperative eye protection strategies and postoperative ophthalmic examination are needed to reduce the occurrence of corneal ulcers and their progression, especially for high-risk dogs and procedures.
Effect of a monovalent vaccine against Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo strain hardjobovis on fertility in Holstein dairy cattle
Authors: Plunkett Amanda H. , Graham Thomas W. , Famula Thomas R. , Oberbauer Anita M.
Published: May 2013

Objective—To determine whether vaccination with a monovalent vaccine against Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo strain hardjobovis would improve reproductive efficiency in Holstein cattle in a commercial dairy setting.

Design—Randomized controlled trial.

Animals—1,894 Holstein cows and heifers from a Central California dairy.

Procedures—Cattle were assigned to undergo SC administration of a monovalent vaccine against Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo strain hardjobovis (n = 986) or a placebo (lactated Ringer's solution; 908). At the end of their lactation period, cows received 2 doses of the vaccine or placebo, 28 to 35 days apart, with the initial dose administered in conjunction with oxytetracycline. Heifers received the same treatments, with the second dose administered at least 2 weeks before their entrance into the heifer breeding pen. Urine and blood samples were collected from randomly selected cattle immediately before and 1 year after the trial began and submitted for fluorescent antibody and microscopic agglutination testing to identify any infecting Leptospira serovar.

Results—The initial herd prevalence of active infection with strain hardjobovis was 13% (6/46 tested cattle), followed by 15% (6/40) 1 year after the trial began. The odds of heifers conceiving over the period at risk for conception, regardless of vaccination, was approximately 2.8 times as high as for primiparous and pluriparous cows. Survival analysis of days from parturition to conception revealed that the vaccine protocol had no effect on the probability of conception between the vaccinated and control groups. The vaccine protocol had no impact on pregnancy loss.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The evaluated vaccination protocol against Leptospira strain hardjobovis was not effective in improving reproductive efficiency in commercial Holstein dairy cows or in decreasing urine shedding of leptospires.
Dietetic Students’ Experiences: Providing Meal Assistance in Long-term Care Facilities
Authors: Osinga Nicole , Keller Heather
Published: May 2013

Purpose: This qualitative study involved describing the experiences of dietetic students who provided meal help to older adults. Of interest were benefits and challenges, and how training could be enhanced.

Methods: Individual, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine undergraduate dietetic students. In the preceding year, these students had volunteered as meal helpers in a long-term care home. Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to analyze the transcripts.

Results: All participating students were female and from one undergraduate program. Three main themes emerged: growing into the role, learning outside the classroom, and providing quality assistance.

Conclusions: This study provides an understanding of how meal helping can be a valuable experience for emerging dietitians. It also gives insights into training and the development of the meal helper role.
Knowledge, Perceptions, and Consumption of Whole Grains: Among University Students
Authors: Williams Brock A. , Mazier M.J. Patricia
Published: May 2013

Purpose: Differences in knowledge, perceptions, and consumption of whole grains were compared between students who had taken an introductory university nutrition course and those who had not.

Methods: The sample consisted of two groups: 109 students who had completed a nutrition course and 61 who had not. The two samples were drawn from second-year nursing students and students in second-year psychology courses, respectively. All students completed a 25-item questionnaire. Chi-square tests were used to identify associations between completion of a nutrition course and responses.

Results: Nutrition education students had more knowledge of whole grain recommendations, of whole grains available in stores, and of whole grains as a factor in disease risk reduction (p<0.05). In contrast, non-nutrition education students had more knowledge of whole grain health claims, reported a greater preference for the taste of whole grains, and had a greater than mean intake of whole grain cereals (p<0.05).

Conclusions: This prelimary study indicates that completion of an introductory nutrition course has a greater influence on positive perceptions of whole grains than on students’ consumption frequency or knowledge of whole grains. Further study may provide more information on nutrition education and whole grains.
Plasma taurine as a predictor of poor outcome in patients with mild neurological deficits after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Barges-Coll Juan , Pérez-Neri Iván , Avendaño Javier , Mendez-Rosito Diego , Gomez-Amador Juan Luis , Ríos Camilo
Published: May 2013

Object

The object of this study was to determine the relationship between plasma taurine and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) outcome.

Methods

Forty patients with SAH and mild neurological deficits were included in this prospective, blinded cohort study. Plasma taurine levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography on admission and were correlated with patient outcomes at discharge.

Results

Twenty-five percent of the patients ultimately had a poor outcome. Plasma taurine concentrations at admission were increased (2-fold) in SAH patients with a favorable outcome and were further increased (6-fold) in those who had a poor outcome. Increased taurine levels identified patients who would be discharged with a poor outcome, with sensitivity and specificity values of approximately 80% and 100%, respectively, and positive and negative predictive values of approximately 90%. Delayed cerebral vasospasm showed an OR of 27.9 (95% CI 1.090–714.9) for a poor outcome, whereas an increased taurine concentration had an OR of 105 for a poor outcome (95% CI 8.3–1328.0, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Increased plasma taurine concentrations on admission predict a poor outcome in SAH.
Combined chronic lymphocytic leukemia and prolactinoma: a rare occurrence in a patient presenting with pituitary apoplexy
Authors: Krisht Khaled M. , Palmer Cheryl A. , Couldwell William T.
Published: May 2013

The authors describe a rare case of combined pituitary chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and prolactinoma in a 77-year-old man presenting with apoplexy. This case highlights the importance of evaluating the pituitary gland in patients with CLL who present with clinical manifestations of apoplexy as well as the need to carefully evaluate pathological specimens from the gland for the presence of lymphocytic cells in those patients. This is the first reported case of a combined CLL–prolactinoma pituitary lesion presenting with apoplexy.
Percutaneous CT-guided cordotomy for the treatment of pediatric cancer pain
Authors: Reddy Gaddum D. , Okhuysen-Cawley Regina , Harsh Viraat , Viswanathan Ashwin
Published: May 2013

Percutaneous cordotomy using CT guidance has been shown to be a safe and effective means of reducing pain in adults with cancer in 2 large case series. Its effectiveness in pediatric patients, however, has not been reported. Here, the authors present a case of CT-guided percutaneous cordotomy being used effectively for the treatment of unilateral limb pain in a 9-year-old boy suffering from metastatic medulloblastoma. The efficacy and minimally invasive nature of this procedure support its use in selected pediatric cases.
The role of endoscopic third ventriculostomy in the treatment of hydrocephalus
Authors: Vogel Timothy W. , Bahuleyan Biji , Robinson Shenandoah , Cohen Alan R.
Published: May 2013

Object

Hydrocephalus remains a major public health problem. Conventional treatment has relied on extracranial shunting of CSF to another systemic site, but this approach is associated with a high rate of complications. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is a novel treatment for select forms of hydrocephalus that can eliminate the need for implantation of a lifelong ventricular shunt system. However, the indications for ETV are contested and its long-term effectiveness is not well established.

Methods

The authors selected 100 consecutive patients who underwent ETV for hydrocephalus beginning in 1994. Patients were enrolled and treated at a single institution by a single surgeon. The primary outcome was success of ETV, with success defined as no need for subsequent surgery for hydrocephalus.

Results

Ninety-five patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. The mean follow-up period was 5.1 years (median 4.7 years) with follow-up data available for as long as 17 years. Patients commonly presented with headache (85%), ataxia (34%), emesis (29%), and changes in vision (27%). The success rate for ETV was 75%. Twenty-one patients (22%) in the series had malfunctioning shunts preoperatively and 13 (62%) were successfully treated with ETV. Preoperative inferior bowing of the third ventricle floor on MRI was significantly associated with ETV success (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy is an effective and durable treatment for select patients with hydrocephalus. When successful, the procedure eliminates the lifelong complications associated with implanted ventricular shunts.
A 2-fold higher rate of intraventricular hemorrhage–related mortality in African American neonates and infants
Authors: Qureshi Adnan I. , Adil Malik M. , Shafizadeh Negin , Majidi Shahram
Published: May 2013

Object

Despite the recognition of racial or ethnic differences in preterm gestation, such differences in the rate of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), frequently associated with preterm gestation, are not well studied. The authors performed the current study to identify racial or ethnic differences in the incidence of IVH-related mortality within the national population of the US.

Methods

Using the ICD-10 codes P52.0, P52.1, P52.2, P52.3, and P10.2 and the Multiple Cause of Death data from 2000 to 2009, the authors identified all IVH-related mortalities that occurred in neonates and infants aged less than 1 year. The live births for whites and African Americans from the census for 2000–2009 were used to derive the incidence of IVH-related mortality for whites and African Americans per 100,000 live births. The IVH rate ratio (RR, 95% confidence interval [CI]) and annual percent change (APC) in the incidence rates from 2000 to 2009 were also calculated.

Results

A total of 3249 IVH-related mortality cases were reported from 2000 to 2009. The incidence rates of IVH were higher among African American infants (16 per 100,000 live births) than among whites (7.8 per 100,000 live births). African American infants had a 2-fold higher risk of IVH-related mortality compared with whites (RR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2–3.2). The rate of increase over the last 10 years was less in African American infants (APC 1.6%) than in white infants (APC 4.3%).

Conclusions

The rate of IVH-related mortality is 2-fold higher among African American than white neonates and infants. Further studies are required to understand the underlying reasons for this prominent disparity in one of the most significant causes of infant mortality.
Posterior-only approach for lumbar vertebral column resection and expandable cage reconstruction for spinal metastases
Authors: Jandial Rahul , Kelly Brandon , Chen Mike Yue
Published: May 2013

Object

The increasing incidence of spinal metastasis, a result of improved systemic therapies for cancer, has spurred a search for an alternative method for the surgical treatment of lumbar metastases. The authors report a single-stage posterior-only approach for resecting any pathological lumbar vertebral segment and reconstructing with a medium to large expandable cage while preserving all neurological structures.

Methods

The authors conducted a retrospective consecutive case review of 11 patients (5 women, 6 men) with spinal metastases treated at 1 institution with single-stage posterior-only vertebral column resection and reconstruction with an expandable cage and pedicle screw fixation. For all patients, the indications for operative intervention were spinal cord compression, cauda equina compression, and/or spinal instability. Neurological status was classified according to the American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale, and functional outcomes were analyzed by using a visual analog scale for pain.

Results

For all patients, a circumferential vertebral column resection was achieved, and full decompression was performed with a posterior-only approach. Each cage was augmented by posterior pedicle screw fixation extending 2 levels above and below the resected level. No patient required a separate anterior procedure. Average estimated blood loss and duration of each surgery were 1618 ml (range 900–4000 ml) and 6.6 hours (range 4.5–9 hours), respectively. The mean follow-up time was 14 months (range 10–24 months). The median survival time after surgery was 17.7 months. Delayed hardware failure occurred for 1 patient. Preoperatively, 2 patients had intractable pain with intact lower-extremity strength and 8 patients had severe intractable pain, lower-extremity paresis, and were unable to walk; 4 of whom regained the ability to walk after surgery. Two patients who were paraplegic before decompression recovered substantial function but remained wheelchair bound, and 2 patients remained paraparetic after the surgery. No patients had lasting intraoperative neuromonitoring changes, and none died. Complications included 2 reoperations, 1 delayed hardware failure (cage subsidence that did not require revision), and 3 incidental durotomies (none of which required reoperation). No postoperative pneumonia, ileus, or deep venous thrombosis developed in any patient.

Conclusions

A posterior-only approach for vertebral segment resection with preservation of spinal nerve roots is a viable technique that can be used throughout the entire lumbar spine. Extensive mobilization of the nerve roots is of utmost importance and allows for insertion and expansion of medium-sized, in situ expandable cages in the midline. This approach, although technically challenging, might reduce the morbidity associated with an anterior approach.
Chronic Non Communicable Diseases and its Risk Factors in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md. Mujibur
Published: May 2013

Bangladesh Journal of Medicine, Vol 23 No 2, 2012, Page 48-49 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmed.v23i2.14982
Study of Accidental Death Due to Road Traffic Accidental Cases Recorded at Forensic Medicine Department of Dinajpur Medical College, Dinajpur
Authors: Rahman Kazi Golam Moakhlesur , Rahman Md. Mizanur , Haque Md. Rezaul
Published: May 2013

Bangladesh Journal of Medicine, Vol 23 No 2, 2012, Page 50-51 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmed.v23i2.14983
Relationship Between Ventricular Asynchrony and QRS Duration in Patients with Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction
Authors: Akhteruzzamanm M , Rahman A , Rahman MA , Amin R , Miah MNA , Khan AR , Chowdhury TA , Hossain A , Kashem MA
Published: May 2013

Bangladesh Journal of Medicine, Vol 23 No 2, 2012, Page 52-58 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmed.v23i2.14984
Longterm effects of compression method in the surgical treatment of bleeding haemorrhoids
Authors: Alfazzaman Md. , Goldin Victor Alexieavich , Anwary Shaheen Ara , Rahman Md. Mujibur , Islam Md. Rezaul
Published: May 2013

Objective: Present study was undertaken to find out the long term effect of application of compression probe after haemorrhoidectomy in the treatment of bleeding haemorrhoids. Materials and methods: They study was carried out in the Department of Clinical Surgery, Russian People's Friendship University, Moscow, Russia, from January 1992 to December 2001, on 80 patients, equally divided into two groups, case (haemorrhoidectomy plus application of compression probe) and control (haemorrhoidectomy only). Results: Long term follow up showed higher good outcome in case group (82.1%) compared to control (53.8%) (P<0.05), satisfactory and unsatisfactory outcome was higher in control group (17.9% and 28.2%) compared to case group (12.8% and 5.1%). Conclusion: Application of compression problem after haemorrhoidectomy in patients with bleeding haemorrhoids gives better long term results. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 02 April13 Page 129-132 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i2.14939
Objective Scoring Evaluation and Uroflowmetry Assessment of Two-Stage Hypospadias Repair: Single Center Experience
Authors: Hussein Naser S , Samat Shapiee B , Abdullah Mohd , Gohar Mohd N
Published: May 2013

Background: Hypospadias is a common congenital anomaly affecting the penis, two-stage repair becoming more interesting in era of tubularized incised urethral plate (TIP). Functional outcome of hypospadias repair either single or two stage is as important as cosmetic outcome. In contemporary series , structured scoring systems (Hypospadias Objective Scoring Evaluation-HOSE and Pediatric Penile Perception Scoring -PPPS), evaluation of photographs and uroflowmetry, were used to assess results of hypospadias repair. Objectives: We have assessed outcomes of two-stage hypospadias repair using Hypospadias Objective Scoring Evaluation(HOSE) and uroflowmetry. Material and Methods: Over a period of eight years, from January 1997 to December 2004, One hundred and twenty six hypospadias patients were treated, ninety of them had two-stage repair and36 single-stage repairs. The HOSE questionnaire and uroflowmetry were obtained to evaluate the long term outcome of two stage hypospadias repair. Results: The age at time of assessment ranged from 8 to 23 year-old, with mean follow up of 39.78months. Thrifty five patients had proximal hypospadias and 20 had distal varieties of hypospadias. Operations performed were 37 Bracka?s and 18 Byar?s procedures. Of the 55 patients had complete two stage hypospadias repair and agree to participate in the study , Nineteen patients had acceptable HOSE and 36 had non-acceptable score. Uroflow rates of 43 subjects were below the fifth centile in three patients ,equivocal (between 5th and 25th centile ) in four patients and above 25th centile in 36 subjects. Conclusion: Two stage repair is a suitable technique for all types of hypospadias with versatile outcomes. HOSE and uroflowmetry are simple, easy, non invasive and non expensive tools to assess long term outcomes objectively. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 02 April13 Page 133-139 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i2.14940
Minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis for the treatment of proximal humerus fractures in osteoporotic patients with Philos plate
Authors: Sahu Ram Ji Lal
Published: May 2013

Introduction: To investigate the effect of minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis for treatment of proximal humerus fractures in osteoporotic patients with philos plate. Methods: A prospective study was conducted at Department of Orthopedics, M.M.Medical College, Mullana Ambala, from July 2005 to November 2010. A Total of 108 cases of proximal humerus fractures were treated with minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis with philos plate. According to Neer classification, 89 cases had two part fractures, 19 had tree part fractures. Results: All the 108 cases were followed up ranging from 12 to 18 months with an average of 14 months. Radio graphically, union was observed in 92 patients at the end of 10 weeks. In 10 patients, times to union were 16 weeks. Six patients underwent autogenous bone grafting because of nonunion after 16 weeks. The mean Constant-Murley score was 86 (range 74-92). The functional results of the shoulder, according to Muley scores, were classified as excellent in 85.15% cases, good in 9.25% cases and fair in 5.55 cases. Conclusion: Minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis for treatment of proximal humerus fractures in osteoporotic patients with philos plate shows good results and less complication. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 02 April13 Page 140-145 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i2.14941
Gender Differentials In Nutritional Status of Elderly People In Selected Rural Areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Ali MH , Karim M , Lahiry S , Faruquee MH , Yasmin N , Chaklader MA
Published: May 2013

Background: The present cross sectional study was undertaken to assess the food habits and nutritional status among elderly people in rural Bangladesh and to compare the same between male and female. A simple random sampling and geographical re-conciliation method was used to select the study population. All the patients in a pre-publicized medical camp were approached and a total of 186 male and 237 female participated in the study. Data were collected through face to face interview with a semi-structured questionnaire and anthropometric measures were collected using instruments. Associations between dietary intake and World Health Organization (WHO) referred Body Mass Index (BMI) range was done using cross tabulation. Results: The mean age of male was 67.69 years and that of female was 65.46 years. The female subjects were higher than males in number in this study. The rate of male literacy was found to be 39.8% where literacy among the female was 13.9%. Among all, 79.6% males were found to be living with their spouse where the rate of living with spouse among the female amounted 53.2%. About half of elderly people were found to be living under poor and 32% in low middle class socio-economic condition. Study revealed that 80.6% male and 78.9% female got no opportunity to take protein-rich food more than three days per week. Again 95.7% male and 97.5% female had no opportunity take more than two servings of protein rich food per week. The similar case occurred in case of taking fatty food, vegetable and fruits per week. Similarly 100 % male and 99.6% female reported that they were taking more than two servings of fatty food per week. No significant association was found between BMI and food intake. The significance was tested by Pearson chi-square. In this test the p value for protein rich food was 0.234 (p?0.05), while fatty food (0.712), vegetable (0.502) and fruits (0.274) which was more than referred significance p-value ?0.05. Hence, the study confirmed that malnutrition remains a common problem among older people living in rural Bangladesh though there is no significant association was found between food intake and nutrition. Conclusion: Management of malnutrition in case of elderly population requires a multidisciplinary approach that treats pathology and uses both social and dietary forms of intervention. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 02 April13 Page 150-157 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i2.14943
Assessment of Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody And Thyroid Stimulating Hormone In First Trimester Of Pregnancy
Authors: Nahar Nishat Un , Naher Zeba Un , Habib Md. Ashanul , Mollah Forhadul Hoque
Published: May 2013

Introduction: Maternal thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy has been associated with a number of adverse outcomes, like preterm birth, placental abruption, foetal death and impaired neurological development in the child. Simultaneously the presence of antibody to thyroid peroxidase results miscarriage, preterm birth and maternal post partum thyroid disease. Post partum thyroiditis is closely associated with the presence of antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (TPO). Indeed if a pregnant woman is positive for TPO antibodies early in pregnancy, her chances of developing post partum thyroiditis is 30-52%. Objective: To find out the level of TPO-Ab and thyroid status in first trimester of pregnancy. Method: The cross sectional study was designed in Department of Biochemistry, BSMMU, Dhaka. Following inclusion and exclusion criteria 200 sample was selected by purposive and convenient sampling. The study parameters were- thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab); serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH); serum free thyroxin (FT4). Results: 43 (21.5%) pregnant women of first trimester was found to be TPO-Ab positive, among these 43 subjects 16 (8.0%) had raised TSH i.e. >2.5 mIU/L and 27 had TSH level <2.5 mIU/L. Low serum FT4 was in 9 (4.5%) subjects. The study revealed that, there was a significant positive correlation between positive TPO-Ab (>12 IU/mL) and serum TSH level of study subjects and there was negative correlation between serum TSH (>2.5 mIU/L) and serum FT4 in study subjects. Conclusion: TPO-Ab positivity in first trimester of pregnancy and TPOAb positivity was associated with higher TSH and low FT4 level. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 02 April13 Page 164-170 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i2.14945
Outcome of 500 cases of transurethral resection of Prostate (TURP) in District level teaching Hospital
Authors: Miah Md. Zohirul Islam , Bhuiyan Zahid Hassan
Published: May 2013

Type of Study: This is a prospective study in a district level teaching from 1st march 2003 to December 2008. The sample size was n  500. All Patients were evaluated with history, clinical examination and allied investigations. As per selection criteria we did TURP and each patient was followed up to six months. Purpose & Importance of TURP: It has been established that open prostatectomy has got higher morbidity than that of transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). The shorter hospital stay, early institution to working place, minimum blood loss, and acceptable financial involvement makes it excellent patients compliance. Method: The prospective studies include n  500 cases of LUTS predominately obstructive voiding symptoms. After evaluation & fulfilling the selection criteria standard TURP were done in all cases. Result: The mean Q max improved in n  476 cases (from 6.68 ml/ sec. to 17.47ml/second) in early post-operative period. Among others most of the cases improved within 06 months. Some of the cases (0.25%) needs secondary procedure for late complications like stricture urethra. Erectile dysfunction was not a major problem in our series. Death noticed in two cases in post operative ward due to cardiogenic shock. Conclusion: The outcome of the present study has been compared with other studies and it appears that TURP is an excellent minimally invasive procedure for the management of symptomatic BPH. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 02 April13 Page 186-191 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i2.14948
The Study Of The Spectrum Of Vertigo With Special Reference To Vertigo Of Vascular Origin
Authors: Shamas Irfan Ul , Waqay Fayaz , Islam Mudassir Ul , Pampori Rafiq
Published: May 2013

Objectives: To outline the spectrum of vertigo, to elaborate the significance of vascular causes of vertigo, to advocate use of MRI / MRA of carotid artery and vetebrobasilar arterial system in patients with isolated or syndromic vertigo especially when one or more risk factors for a cerebrovascular accident are present. Study design: Prospective study(2009-2011). Results: 91 patients who preened with vertigo were prospectively studied. BPPV, Menieres disease and vestibular neuritis comprised about 60% of patients. Posterior circulation syndrome and vertebrobasilar insufficiency was strongly suspected in 13 patients (14.3%). Compression of 8th nerve and cerebellar vermis were documented to be the cause of vertigo in 7 patients (7.7%), cervical vertigo was seen in 6(6.6%) patients. 4 patients (4.4%) had vertigo as a manifestation of complicated CSOM. 3 (3.3%) patients had metabolic vascular syndrome out of which one patient died of stroke about 6 months after his presentation as recurrent episodic vertigo. No diagnosis could be made in 3 patients. Conclusion:A detailed history should be obtained and an elaborate vestibular and neuro-otologic examination done in a patient of vertigo. A diagnosis can be reached in more than 90% of patients. Peripheral vertigo is more common that central vertigo with BPPV, menieres disease and acute vestibular neuritis accounting for more than 60% of all cases of vertigo. Vascular causes form a significant group of vertigo patients. Vertigo especially recurrent and syndromic with 1 or more risk factors should not be overlooked and should be regarded a precursor of a future stroke. Patients of vertigo with vascular risk factors like age (elderly), hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and cardiac disease should be evaluated for vertebrobasilar insufficiency by specific investigations like MRI brain, MRA carotids and vertebrobasilar arteries, Doppler USG and risk factors for vascular disease modified by drugs (hypolipidemic, antihypertensive, aspirin) and behavioural changes. Abnormal vessel loops can compress VIII nerve and cause vertigo. These can be reliably diagnosed by MRA. Vertigo can be caused in patients with cervical spondylosis especially in previously diseased vessels (due to atherosclerosis, vasculitis) which get easily compressed by cervical osteophytes. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 02 April13 Page 192-198 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i2.14949
Isolated Retrobulbar Orbital Hydatid Cyst: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Ahmad Kaleem , Ansari Sajid , Gupta Mukesh Kumar , Rauniyar RK , Siddiqui Mohammed Azfar
Published: May 2013

Isolated orbital hydatid cyst is a rare manifestation most commonly situated in superomedial and superolateral angles of orbit. We report a case of a 24 years old female with a large retrobulbar orbital hydatid cyst causing proptosis which was not associated with any cyst in other organs. USG and CT scan aids to diagnosis while surgical excision and histopathology confirms the diagnosis. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 02 April13 Page 220-223 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i2.14976
A forensic case of sacralization of the sixth lumbar vertebra in skeletal remains.
Authors: Tanaka Naoko , Kinoshita Hiroshi , Jamal Mostofa , Tsutsui Kunihiko , Motomura Hiroyuki , Ameno Kiyoshi
Published: May 2013

Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTVs) are a common congenital anomaly of the spine. In the present case, we observed LSTVs in the excessive (sixth lumbar) vertebra. In forensic practice, this anomaly may be useful for personal identification of skeletal remains. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 02 April13 Page 224-226 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i2.14977
Primary Tubercular ulcer in Glans Penis mimicking neoplastic lesion
Authors: Sarkar Pran Gopal , Sarkar Munmun Das , Sarkar Sulekha Ghosh , Ghosh Tapan Kumar
Published: May 2013

Tuberculosis is a very common disease especially in developing countries but primary tuberculosis of penis is extremely rare. Here we are presenting a case of Primary tuberculosis of glans penis of 82 years male. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 02 April13 Page 227-230 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i2.14978
Delayed Presentation Of A Girl With A Sour Plum Seed In The Trachea
Authors: Mohamad Wan Emelda Wan , Shukri Norasnieda Mohd , Mohamad Irfan , Lazim Norhafiza Mat
Published: May 2013

Foreign body in the airway is very rare as compared to the alimentary tract. Food particles constitute among the commonest foreign body. The airway obstruction caused by foreign body dislodgement often present with acute emergency condition. The pathognomonic history includes history of choking and noisy breathing. It is an acute emergency and requires immediate medical attention. However in small number of patients the earliest symptom may be ignored leaving only mild neck discomfort. We report a case of comfortable girl with foreign body airway who finally sought treatment after presented with delayed sign and symptoms of partial airway obstruction. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 02 April13 Page 231-234 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i2.14979
Genuine Tripartite Entanglement and Nonlocality in Bose-Einstein Condensates by Collective Atomic Recoil
Authors: Piano Samanta , Adesso Gerardo
Published: May 2013

We study a system represented by a Bose-Einstein condensate interacting with a cavity field in presence of a strong off-resonant pumping laser. This system can be described by a three-mode Gaussian state, where two are the atomic modes corresponding to atoms populating upper and lower momentum sidebands and the third mode describes the scattered cavity field light. We show that, as a consequence of the collective atomic recoil instability, these modes possess a genuine tripartite entanglement that increases unboundedly with the evolution time and is larger than the bipartite entanglement in any reduced two-mode bipartition. We further show that the state of the system exhibits genuine tripartite nonlocality, which can be revealed by a robust violation of the Svetlichny inequality when performing displaced parity measurements. Our exact results are obtained by exploiting the powerful machinery of phase-space informational measures for Gaussian states, which we briefly review in the opening sections of the paper.
Coordinated Control of a DFIG-Based Wind-Power Generation System with SGSC under Distorted Grid Voltage Conditions
Authors: Yao Jun , Li Qing , Chen Zhe , Liu Aolin
Published: May 2013

This paper presents a coordinated control method for a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind-power generation system with a series grid-side converter (SGSC) under distorted grid voltage conditions. The detailed mathematical models of the DFIG system with SGSC are developed in the multiple synchronous rotating reference frames. In order to counteract the adverse effects of the voltage harmonics upon the DFIG, the SGSC generates series compensation control voltages to keep the stator voltage sinusoidal and symmetrical, which allows the use of the conventional vector control strategy for the rotor-side converter (RSC), regardless of grid voltage harmonics. Meanwhile, two control targets for the parallel grid-side converter (PGSC) are identified, including eliminating the oscillations in total active and reactive power entering the grid or suppressing the fifth- and seventh-order harmonic currents injected to the grid. Furthermore, the respective PI-R controller in the positive synchronous reference frame for the SGSC voltage control and PGSC current control have been developed to achieve precise and rapid regulation of the corresponding components. Finally, the proposed coordinated control strategy has been fully validated by the simulation results of a 2 MW DFIG-based wind turbine with SGSC under distorted grid voltage conditions.
Environmental and Individual Correlates of Various Types of Physical Activity among Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged and Elderly Japanese
Authors: Saito Yoshinobu , Oguma Yuko , Inoue Shigeru , Tanaka Ayumi , Kobori Yoshitaka
Published: May 2013

Recent studies have suggested the importance of the neighborhood environment in determining the specific type of physical activity. However, few studies on this topic have been undertaken in Japan. This study examined the association of three types of physical activity and their associations with individual and neighborhood environmental factors among middle-aged and elderly Japanese. Participants were 2,449 adults aged 40–69 living in Fujisawa city who had undergone health checkups and responded to our survey by mail. Individual factors, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (long form), and its environmental module acted as inputs to the study. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of high levels of moderate-to-vigorous intensity leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), walking for active recreation, and transportation were calculated in relation to individual and neighborhood environmental factors through multiple logistic regression models. Not working and good self-rated health were significantly associated with a higher level of each physical activity outcome. According to the adjusted ORs, higher educational attainment, higher economic status, good access to exercise facilities, and owning motor vehicles were associated with longer LTPA time. However, different sets of factors were associated with longer walking times for recreation and transportation. The results suggest that diverse individual and neighborhood environmental characteristics are associated with different physical activity outcomes. Therefore, customizing environments to become activity-friendly is necessary to increase physical activity effectively among middle-aged and elderly Japanese.
The Role of Peritoneal Alternatively Activated Macrophages in the Process of Peritoneal Fibrosis Related to Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Wang Jie , Jiang Zong-Pei , Su Ning , Fan Jin-Jin , Ruan Yi-Ping , Peng Wen-Xing , Li Ya-Fang , Yu Xue-Qing
Published: May 2013

It has been confirmed that alternatively activated macrophages (M2) participate in tissue remodeling and fibrosis occurrence, but the effect of M2 on peritoneal fibrosis related to peritoneal dialysis (PD) hasn’t been elucidated. This study was therefore conducted to assess the association between M2 and peritoneal fibrosis related to PD. In this study, peritoneal fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of Lactate-4.25% dialysate (100 mL/kg) to C57BL/6J mice for 28 days, and liposome-encapsulated clodronate (LC, the specific scavenger of macrophages) was used to treat the peritoneal fibrosis mice model by i.p. injection at day 18 and day 21. All animals were sacrificed at day 29. Parietal peritonea were stained with Masson’s trichrome, and the expression of type I collagen (Col-I), fibronectin, mannose receptor (CD206), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7), chitinase 3-like 3 (Ym-1) and arginase-1 (Arg-1) was determined by Western blotting, immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time PCR. Our results revealed that peritoneal thickness, Col-I, fibronectin, CD206, TGF-β, Ym-1 and Arg-1 were upregulated in the peritoneal fibrosis mice model, and all of these indexes were downregulated in those treated with LC. Additionally, there was no difference in the level of CCR7 between the model and treatment group. Our study indicated that peritoneal M2 played an important role in the process of peritoneal fibrosis related to PD and might be a potential target for intervention therapy of peritoneal fibrosis.
Influence of Growth Conditions on Magnetite Nanoparticles Electro-Crystallized in the Presence of Organic Molecules
Authors: Mosivand Saba , Monzon Lorena , Kazeminezhad Iraj , Coey J.
Published: May 2013

Magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized by electrocrystallization in the presence of thiourea or sodium butanoate as an organic stabilizer. The synthesis was performed in a thermostatic electrochemical cell containing two iron electrodes with an aqueous solution of sodium sulfate as electrolyte. The effects of organic concentration, applied potential and growth temperature on particle size, morphology, structure and magnetic properties were investigated. The magnetite nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, magnetometry and Mössbauer spectrometry. When the synthesis is performed in the presence of sodium butanoate at 60 °C, a paramagnetic ferric salt is obtained as a second phase; it is possible to avoid formation of this phase, increase the specific magnetization and improve the structure of the oxide particles by tuning the growth conditions. Room-temperature magnetization values range from 45 to 90 Am2kg−1, depending on the particle size, type of surfactant and synthesis conditions. Mössbauer spectra, which were recorded at 290 K for all the samples, are typical of nonstoichiometric Fe3−δO4, with a small excess of Fe3+, 0.05 ≤ δ ≤ 0.15.
Interaction between Lubricants Containing Phosphate Ester Additives and Stainless Steels
Authors: Johnson David , Bachus Matthew , Hils John
Published: May 2013

One way to improve fuel efficiency in today’s jet aircraft engines is to create an environment for higher operating temperatures and speeds. New and improved lubricants and bearing materials must be developed to remain stable in these elevated operating temperatures. Three lubricants, with varying amounts of tricresyl phosphate added as an anti-wear/extreme pressure additive were tested on two different stainless steels at varying temperatures ranging from 300 °C to 350 °C in vacuum. Significant decomposition of the lubricant base-stocks and the phosphate ester additive did occur in most of the trials resulting in the formation of carboxylic acids and phenols. In these cases a film containing phosphorus was deposited onto the stainless steel substrate.
Selective Preparation of trans-Carveol over Ceria Supported Mesoporous Materials MCM-41 and SBA-15
Authors: Stekrova Martina , Kumar Narendra , Mäki-Arvela Päivi , Ardashov Oleg , Volcho Konstantin , Salakhutdinov Nariman , Murzin Dmitry
Published: May 2013

Ce-modified mesoporous silica materials MCM-41 and SBA-15, namely 32 wt % Ce–Si–MCM-41, 16 wt % Ce–H–MCM-41 and 20 wt % Ce–Si–SBA-15, were prepared, characterized and studied in the selective preparation of trans-carveol by α-pinene oxide isomerization. The characterizations of these catalysts were performed using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption and FTIR pyridine adsorption. Selective preparation of trans-carveol was carried out in the liquid phase in a batch reactor. The activity and the selectivity of catalyst were observed to be influenced by their acidity, basicity and morphology of the mesoporous materials. The formation of trans-carveol is moreover strongly influenced by the basicity of the used solvent and in order to achieve high yields of this desired alcohol it is necessary to use polar basic solvent.
Meroterpenes from Marine Invertebrates: Structures, Occurrence, and Ecological Implications
Authors: Menna Marialuisa , Imperatore Concetta , D'Aniello Filomena , Aiello Anna
Published: May 2013

Meroterpenes are widely distributed among marine organisms; they are particularly abundant within brown algae, but other important sources include microorganisms and invertebrates. In the present review the structures and bioactivities of meroterpenes from marine invertebrates, mainly sponges and tunicates, are summarized. More than 300 molecules, often complex and with unique skeletons originating from intra- and inter-molecular cyclizations, and/or rearrangements, are illustrated. The reported syntheses are mentioned. The issue of a potential microbial link to their biosynthesis is also shortly outlined.