bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Active Licking Shapes Cortical Taste Coding
Authors: Neese Camden , Bouaichi Cecilia G. , Needham Tom , Bauer Martin , Bertram Richard , Vincis Roberto
Published: October 2022

Neurons in the gustatory cortex (GC) represent taste through time-varying changes in their spiking activity. The predominant view is that the neural firing rate represents the sole unit of taste information. It is currently not known whether the phase of spikes relative to lick timing is used by GC neurons for taste encoding. To address this question, we recorded spiking activity from >500 single GC neurons in male and female mice permitted to freely lick to receive four liquid gustatory stimuli and water. We developed a set of data analysis tools to determine the ability of GC neurons to discriminate gustatory information and then to quantify the degree to which this information exists in the spike rate versus the spike timing or phase relative to licks. These tools include machine learning algorithms for classification of spike trains and methods from geometric shape and functional data analysis. Our results show that while GC neurons primarily encode taste information using a rate code, the timing of spikes is also an important factor in taste discrimination. A further finding is that taste discrimination using spike timing is improved when the timing of licks is considered in the analysis. That is, the interlick phase of spiking provides more information than the absolute spike timing itself. Overall, our analysis demonstrates that the ability of GC neurons to distinguish among tastes is best when spike rate and timing is interpreted relative to the timing of licks.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeurons represent information from the outside world via changes in their number of action potentials (spikes) over time. This study examines how neurons in the mouse gustatory cortex (GC) encode taste information when gustatory stimuli are experienced through the active process of licking. We use electrophysiological recordings and data analysis tools to evaluate the ability of GC neurons to distinguish tastants and then to quantify the degree to which this information exists in the spike rate versus the spike timing relative to licks. We show that the neuron's ability to distinguish between tastes is higher when spike rate and timing are interpreted relative to the timing of licks, indicating that the lick cycle is a key factor for taste processing.
VAKUMLU EMDİRİM İLE RENKLİ FONKSİYONEL TAVUK ETİ KÜPLERİNİN ÜRETİLMESİ
Authors: AYKIN DİNÇER Elif , DİNÇER Cüneyt
Published: October 2022

Bu çalışmada; vakumlu emdirim tekniği ile renklendirildikten sonra kurutulan tavuk eti küplerinin bazı kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaca yönelik olarak; tavuk göğüs eti küpleri 25°C’de 2 saat süreyle farklı konsantrasyonlardaki (1, 2 ve 4°Bx) hibiskus ekstraktları emdirilerek renklendirilmiş ve 60°C’de konveksiyonel kurutucuda kurutulmuştur. Çalışmada kullanılan hibiskus ekstraktlarının pH değerleri 2.07-2.27 aralığında belirlenmiştir. Hibiskus ekstraktı kullanılarak elde edilen renkli küplerin nem içeriği %33.77-35.18 ve pH değeri 4.42-5.06 aralıklarında belirlenmiştir. Yüksek hibiskus konsantrasyonunda (4°Bx), et küplerinin daha koyu renkli ve toplam monomerik antosiyanin miktarının ise daha yüksek (50.75 mg/kg) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, konsantrasyon arttıkça, örneklerin toplam fenolik madde miktarı ve antioksidan aktivitesinin de yükseldiği belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları, tavuk etinin hem renklendirilmesi hem de fonksiyonel bileşikler ile zenginleştirilmesinde vakumlu emdirim tekniğinin başarıyla kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte arzu edilen son ürün özelliklerine göre uygulama şartlarının optimize edilmesi önem arz etmektedir.
Post-Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Cognitive Decline: Risk Modification And Implications For Screening In Low-Risk Population
Authors: Kovaltcova Rada S. , Petrova Nataliia N. , Zadvorev Sergei F.
Published: October 2022

Background — Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is an important complication of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Large amount of data points to the problem of POCD in patients with high surgical risk of CABG. Low-risk patients are not safe from these complications either. Assessment of the severity, duration of POCD, degree of recovery and risk factors in off- and on-pump patients with stable coronary artery disease is crucial in minimization of the POCD risk in patients with low surgical risk. Objective — to analyze incidence, severity, reversibility and risk factors of POCD in patients undergoing elective low-risk CABG. Methods and Results — The retrospective cohort study included 79 patients who underwent on-pump (N=44) or off-pump (N=35) elective CABG with low surgical risk (mean EuroSCORE II death risk 1.08±0.71%), with observation period of 6 months. Pre-CABG markers of cognitive impairment were found in 50% of patients, with 44% of patients demonstrating POCD. Patients who underwent off-pump CABG demonstrated more pronounced decline in MoCA score compared to on-pump (-3.9±2.0 vs. -2.2±2.0 at 8 days point, p=0.018), with regress to pre-CABG results after 3 weeks. Baseline MoCA score <25 was found to be a predictor for more pronounced cognitive decline at 8 days point. MMSE demonstrated less predictive value compared to MoCA. Conclusion — POCD risk differs in off-pump and on-pump CABG cohorts, with significantly higher prevalence in the former group, whether assessed using MMSE or MoCA tests. Differences are observed within 3 weeks post-CABG. Pre-CABG MoCA score <25 is associated with more pronounced POCD in low-risk elective CABG cohort.
Features Of Immune Status In COVID-19 Convalescents
Authors: Shkaberda Alina S. , Kordovskaya Elena A. , Bakuta Diana Y. , Plotnichenko Lyubov I. , Gorbunov Alexander A. , Sorokina Leya E.
Published: October 2022

Study objective — assessment of the humoral and cell-mediated immunity features in COVID-19 convalescents three months after their discharge from the hospital. Material and Methods — The study involved 78 COVID-19 convalescents who, depending on the profile of specific IgM and IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, were divided into three groups. The control group consisted of 50 volunteers. Detection of IgM and IgG in blood serum was performed by ELISA. Determination of CRP concentration was conducted using the immunoturbidimetric assay. To determine the levels of IL-6, a sandwich version of the solid-phase ELISA was employed. Immunophenotyping of lymphocytes was performed via flow cytometry. Results — Of 78 COVID-19 convalescents three months after their discharge from the hospital, 30.8% of them had a profile of specific antibodies IgM(+)IgG(+), 37.2% had IgM(-)IgG(+), and 32.0% were characterized by IgM(-)IgG (-). COVID-19 convalescents with an IgM(-)IgG(-) profile had the highest levels of NK cells, T helper cells, B lymphocytes (p<0.001) and were characterized by hyperproduction of proinflammatory IL-6 (p<0.001). COVID-19 convalescents with an IgM(+)IgG(+) specific antibody profile were characterized by the highest levels of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (p<0.001). In a COVID-19 convalescent with an IgM(-)IgG(+) specific antibody profile, we observed an increase in the number of lymphocytes expressing late activation/apoptosis molecules (p<0.001). Conclusion — The collected data is of potential importance in clinical practice for developing a prognosis for epidemiological situation development, as well as for planning preventive measures to COVID-19.
Intravitreal Systems For Targeted Drug Delivery To The Posterior Eye Segment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Orlova Elizaveta R. , Gorobets Aleksandr V. , Dorofeev Dmitry A. , Kirilik Elena V. , Kozlova Irina V.
Published: October 2022

Background — Intravitreal implants solve a number of serious problems arising in diseases of the posterior segment of the eyeball. Unlike intravitreal injections, the implant provides a prolonged release of a pharmaceutical drug over time. The review presents the characteristics of existing systems for intravitreal drug delivery: nanosystems, non-biodegradable and biodegradable implants. The review also highlights the main advantages and disadvantages of various implants. Based on the conducted literature review, the following conclusion is formulated: the most promising means of targeted drug delivery of drugs to the posterior segment of the eyeball are biodegradable implants. However, currently existing biodegradable implants do not provide entirely controlled release of the drug (uncontrollable extraction episodes occur at times), which constitutes a serious issue requiring improvement. Objective — to summarize the published data on existing systems for the targeted drug delivery into the vitreous chamber, identifying their major advantages and disadvantages. Material and Methods — Information was searched in such databases as PubMed, Google Scholar and ClinicalTrials.gov, using the keywords in both Russian and English languages: intravitreal implants, intraocular implants, biodegradable implants, non-biodegradable implants, nanosystems, nanoparticles, liposomes, targeted drug delivery, posterior segment of the eye, etc.
Effect Of Adaptation Duration To Environmental Conditions Of The North On Morphofunctional Restructuring Of Capillary Blood Flow
Authors: Averyanova Inessa V. , Vdovenko Sergei I.
Published: October 2022

Background — We studied blood microcirculation and features of capillary morphology in young men with various duration of adaptation to the environmental conditions of Northeast Russia (Magadan Oblast). Methods — We examined 211 young men 17-21 years of age who were permanent residents of the North. All study subjects were divided among four groups: Caucasian migrants from central Russia (generation 0) and those born and residing in the North, representing generations 1, 2, and 3. We investigated capillary structure and microcirculation in the eponychium of the nail bed, using a computer-based video capillaroscope, Capillaroscan-1. Results — We detected the diameter reduction in arterial and intermediate capillary segments with simultaneous absence of a similar pattern in the venous capillary segment along the gradient of generation 0 towards generation 3. We also observed a shorter mean capillary length against the background of a thicker capillary network. Conclusion — With a longer adaptation period to the environmental conditions of Northeast Russia, compensatory adaptive mechanisms in the capillary network structure and microcirculation are formed, aimed at optimizing capillary blood flow.
Association Of Inflammation Gene Polymorphism With Increased Risk Of Metabolic Syndrome In Tatar Ethnic Group
Authors: Kochetova Olga V. , Avzaletdinova Diana S. , Korytina Gulnaz F.
Published: October 2022

Background and objective — Chronic low-grade inflammation plays an important role in pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of our study was to determine the associations of polymorphic variants of inflammation genes with MetS and serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in Tatar patients (Bashkortostan). Methods — In our case-control cross-sectional study, 271 MetS patients and 327 healthy Tatars were genotyped for the SNPs in CRP, TNFA, LTA, TNFRSF1B genes. Results — TNFRSF1B (rs1061624) was associated with the MetS [odds ratio (OR)=0.49, рADJ=0.0034] and TNF-α level (p=0.033). TNFA (rs1800629) was associated with TNF-α (p=0.015), albuminuria (p=0.013). CRP (rs2794521) was associated with fasting (p=0.0096) and postprandial (p=0.01) insulin, HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, p=0.0019), hsCRP (p=0.036), waist-hip ratio (WHR, p=0.007), body mass index (BMI, p=0.039). The participants having the C-C haplotype of CRP rs2794521-rs1130864 were more common among MetS patients (OR=1.99, p=0.032). T-T haplotype in CRP was associated with hsCRP (p=0.0043), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p=0.025), HOMA-IR (p=0.00029), glycated hemoglobin (p=0.006), postprandial (p=0.0006) and fasting insulin (p=0.00031), WHR (p=0.00012), BMI (p=0.00024). Conclusions — The data confirms that the variants of inflammation genes CRP, TNFA, TNFRSF1B are associated with levels of TNF-α, hsCRP. Novel association of TNFRSF1B (rs1061624) with MetS had been identified.
Sociodemographic And Health-Related Predictors Of Online Information Seeking On Healthcare Providers In Russian Adults
Authors: Polukhin Nikita V. , Ekkert Natalia V.
Published: October 2022

The objective of this study was to examine the factors of online information seeking on healthcare providers in Russian adults. Material and Methods — Our online survey involved 1,319 participants and regarded their sociodemographic and health-related characteristics, along with online information seeking on healthcare providers. The association of factors to online information seeking on healthcare providers was examined via Pearson’s chi-squared test. The odds ratios for determined predictors of online information seeking were obtained from multiple logistic regression model fitted to the data. Results — Majority of Russian adults – 58.6% (95% CI: 55.9%-61.2%) – used the Internet to collect information on healthcare providers. The most rigorous online information seeking on healthcare providers was exhibited by females (OR: 1.951, p<0.001), adults with graduate degrees (OR: 2.870, p=0.036), adults using the Internet more often (OR: 2.623, p<0.001), adults with two or more chronic diseases (OR: 1.699, p=0.005), and those who had 7 or more medical appointments during the last year preceding the survey (OR: 2.438, p=0.002). However, the age of participants was not significantly associated with online information seeking on healthcare providers (p=0.922). No statistical difference was found between those residing in rural, suburban, and urban areas (p=0.518). Conclusion — Sociodemographic and health-related factors affect patients in terms of their online information seeking on healthcare providers. The current demand for online information on healthcare providers existing in various groups highlights the need to increase patient engagement and empower the less active among them.
Comparative Analysis Of Immunosuppressive Therapy Effectiveness In COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Tyurin Anton V. , Akhiyarova Karina E. , Valishin Damir A. , Sadretdinova Lidiya D. , Khusainova Leonora N. , Zagidullin Naufal S. , Gantseva Khalida K. , Pavlov Valentin N.
Published: October 2022

The objective of our study was the analysis of using immunosuppressive therapy in patients with COVID-19 at the Clinic of the Bashkir State Medical University. Material and methods — We conducted the analysis of clinical and laboratory parameters of inflammatory response in 322 patients with COVID-19 who received tocilizumab, baricitinib, high doses of dexamethasone, or standard therapy. Results — There was an increase in the levels of leukocytes (p=0.04) and neutrophils (p=0.002) in patients receiving tocilizumab, compared with standard therapy, on days 5 and 10 of a hospital stay. The level of C-reactive protein was initially elevated in all patients, but by day 5 of hospitalization it was significantly higher in patients treated with tocilizumab and baricitinib (p=0.0019 and p=0.013, respectively), compared with high-dose glucocorticoid therapy and standard treatment, against which the normalization of parameter values was noted. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio increased in the group of patients receiving tocilizumab and high-dose glucocorticoid therapy on day 5 of hospitalization (p=0.017 and p=0.004). When assessing the dynamics of pneumonia, based on computed tomography data, the median of changes exhibited an increase in the volume of lung damage in all groups, compared with the baseline level. Conclusion — Tocilizumab in the form of monotherapy effectively reduced inflammation, while the efficacy of baricitinib for stopping the cytokine storm in monotherapy was insufficient. Based on CT data, both target drugs did not stop the progression of lung lesions on day 5.
Role Of Retroelements In The Development Of COVID-19 Neurological Consequences
Authors: Mustafin Rustam N. , Kazantseva Anastasiya V. , Kovas Yulia V. , Khusnutdinova Elza K.
Published: October 2022

Retroelements play a key role in brain functioning in humans and other animals, since they represent dynamic regulatory elements controlling the expression of specific neuron types. The activity of retroelements in the brain is impaired under the influence of SARS-CoV-2, penetrating the blood-brain barrier. We propose a new concept, according to which the neurological complications of COVID-19 and their long-term effects are caused by modified expression of retroelements in neurons due to viral effect. This effect is implemented in several ways: a direct effect of the virus on the promoter regions of retroelement-encoding genes, virus interaction with miRNAs causing silencing of transposons, and an effect of the viral RNA on the products of retroelement transcription. Aging-related physiological activation of retroelements in the elderly is responsible for more severe course of COVID-19. The associations of multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis with coronavirus lesions also indicate the role of retroelements in such complications, because retroelements are involved in the mechanisms of the development of these diseases. According to meta-analyses, COVID-19-caused neurological complications ranged 36.4-73%. The neuropsychiatric consequences of COVID-19 are observed in patients over a long period after recovery, and their prevalence may exceed those during the acute phase of the disease. Even 12 months after recovery, unmotivated fatigue, headache, mental disorders, and neurocognitive impairment were observed in 82%, 60%, 26.2-45%, and 16.2-46.8% of patients, correspondingly. These manifestations are explained by the role of retroelements in the integration of SARS-CoV-2 into the human genome using their reverse transcriptase and endonuclease, which results in a long-term viral persistence. The research on the role of specific retroelements in these changes can become the basis for developing targeted therapy for neurological consequences of COVID-19 using miRNAs, since epigenetic changes in the functioning of the genome in neurons, affected by transposons, are reversible.
Efficacy Of Intradermal Allogeneic Fibroblast Injections In Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa
Authors: Kubanov Alexey A. , Karamova Arfenya E. , Chikin Vadim V. , Monchakovskaya Ekaterina S. , Nefedova Mariya A.
Published: October 2022

Objective — to assess the efficacy and safety of intradermal injections of allogeneic fibroblasts into non-healing wounds in a patient with junctional epidermolysis bullosa. Material and Methods — A 49-year-old patient with intermediate junctional epidermolysis bullosa was injected intradermally into the base of non-healing wounds with 1 mL suspension of allogeneic fibroblasts, which contained 5×106 cells/mL, 10×106 cells/mL, and 20×106 cells/mL. Immunofluorescence mapping exhibited reduced β3 chain of laminin 332 and collagen XVII expression in the basement membrane area. Paired erosions were injected with 2% albumin or saline solution. Results — At two weeks after treatment, wound areas reduced significantly, or 100% re-epithelialization occurred. Collagen XVII and β3 chain expression of laminin 332 increased at the dermal-epidermal junction. Conclusion — Our findings demonstrated that intradermal injections of allogeneic fibroblasts could be an effective therapeutic approach for treating small non-healing wounds in junctional epidermolysis bullosa.
Involvement of Cu-containing amine oxidases in the development of lung pathology in ovalbumin-induced bronchial asthma in guinea pigs
Authors:   Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sсiences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Hudkova O. , Luhovskyi S. ,   Dmitry F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;, Drobot L. ,   Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sсiences of Ukraine, Kyiv;, Latyshko N. ,   Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sсiences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
Published: October 2022

Bronchial asthma is developed as an immune response to allergen challenges accompanied by inflammation and fibrosis implicated in airway remodeling. To reveal the causative implication of Cu-containing amino oxidases semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), DAO and lysyl oxidase (LOX) in BA development we used their irreversible inhibitor semicarbazide and guinea pig model of BA induced by ovalbumin. Semicarbazide was introduced to asthmatic animals via drink or inhalation. At the 16th week after disease induction, the increase in the activity of pro-inflammatory SSAO and DAO in plasma (1.6 and 2 times, respectively) was observed. The introduction of semicarbazide to asthmatic animals via drink or inhalation significantly decreased activities of these enzymes compared to the untreated asthmatic animals. A considerable­ increase in IL-13 content and LOX activity in the lung tissue of asthmatic animals were observed that evidenced airway inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis development. The uptake of semicarbazide by guinea pigs with bronchial asthma led to normalization of LOX activity. Histological studies confirmed that semicarbazide attenuated morphopathological changes in the lungs of asthmatic animals. Thus, the data obtained indicate the direct participation of the studied enzymes in the progression of pathological processes in atopic bronchial asthma as well as the potential use of semicarbazide as a drug in complex anti-asthmatic therapy. Keywords: atopic bronchial asthma, histaminase/diamine oxidase, IL-13, lysyl oxidase, nitric oxide, semicarbazide, semicarbazide sensitive amine oxidase
Correlation between adiponectin level and obesity as a risk factor for allergy disease
Authors:   General Hospital, Ohrid, R.Macedonia, Spasovska M. , Panovska T. K. ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, R. Macedonia;
Published: October 2022

Much research has focused on the connection between two inflammatory conditions, allergic reactions and obesity which has led to a focus on adiponectin, hormone with anti-inflammatory properties secreted by adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to determine the association of adiponectin with obesity, as a risk factor for the development of allergic condition in order to rationalize approach to its treatment. Research methods for inflammatory markers and biochemical parameters involve immunoassay technique. Statistical analysis was performed with Student’s t-test, Wilcoxon T-test and coefficient of correlation. The study included apparently healthy subjects and patients with allergy conditions with confirmed presence of specific IgE, classified into 2 groups according to their body mass index (BMI). The obtained data showed negative correlation (cor = – 0.6), between adiponectin levels and BMI values. Thus, decreased level of adiponectin is associated with increased BMI. The mean values of adiponectin in the studied population, with high statistical differen­ces between the groups (19.1 ± 1.5; 17.7 ± 0.9), (18.8± 1.1; 16.6 ± 1.0) demonstrated the relationship between low adiponectin level and development of obesity, and what, in turn, increasd risk of developing allergic conditions. The assumption was made that adiponectin may be used as a sensitive biochemical marker for early diagnostics of allergic reactions. Keywords: adiponectin, allergy reactions, obesity, specific IgE
Decamethoxin virucidal activity: in vitro and in silico studies
Authors:   V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Semenyuta I. V. , Trokhimenko O. P. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv;, Dziublyk I. V. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv;, Soloviov S. O. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv;,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv;, Trokhymchuk V. V. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv;, Bororova O. L. ,   F. G. Yanovsky Institute of Tuberculosis and Pulmonology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;, Hodyna D. M. ,   V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;, Smetiukh M. P. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv;, Yakovenko O. K. ,   Volyn Regional Clinical Hospital, Lutsk, Ukraine;, Metelytsia L. О. ,   V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
Published: October 2022

The data on the representative of decamethoxin short-term action on infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strain H120 used as a human-safe model of SARS-CoV-2 virus are presented. The viral activity was estimated with the use of inverted microscope PrimoVert (Germany) by destructive effect on BHK21 fibroblastic cell line. In vitro results demonstrated that decamethoxin (100 μg/ml) completely inactivated IBV coronavirus strain at exposure of 30 sec and more. At the lowest decamethoxin exposure of 10 sec the antiseptic virucidal activity was 33% and 36% of control at 24 and 48 h of cultivation respectively. Molecular docking analysis indicated the significant similarity of IBV and SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) structure. Docking studies of decamethoxin interaction with IBV Mpro and SARS-CoV-2 Mpro active centers demonstrated the ligand-protein complexes formation with the estimated binding energy of -8.6, -8.4 kcal/mol and key amino acid residues ASN26, GLY141, GLU187, GLU164, THR24, THR25, ASN142, GLY143, CYS145, HIS164 and GLU166. Keywords: decamethoxin, IBV strain H120, main protease, mole­cular docking, QAC, SARS-COV-2, virucidal activity
Effects of Rational Use of Antibiotics on Clinical Improvement of Pediatric Inpatients with Pneumonia
Authors: Damayanti Mega , Olivianto Ery , Yunita Ema P.
Published: October 2022

Among acute respiratory infections, pneumonia is the second leading cause of children’s death in Indonesia. The rational use of antibiotics has become a concern, because they play a significant role in managing pneumonia therapy. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effect of rational and irrational use of antibiotics on clinical improvement in pediatric inpatients with pneumonia. This retrospective-observational analytical study was conducted using a cross-sectional method. The study instruments were the medical records of pediatric inpatients with pneumonia from January 2019 to December 2020 at Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang. The results showed that 64 (58.18%) and 46 (41.82%) patients received antibiotics rationally and irrationally, respectively. The rational usage had a significant effect on clinical improvement on the second day, including shorter length of hospitalization, restoration of normal body temperature, respiratory rate, pulse, and leukocyte count (p=0.001; p=0.001; p=0.001; p=0.001; p=0.024). Furthermore, on the fifth day, there was restoration of normal respiratory rate and leukocyte count (p=0.009; p=0.001). Based on the result, the rational use of antibiotics can accelerate clinical condition improvement in pediatric inpatients with pneumonia.
Implementation of an Opioid Weaning Protocol at a Tertiary Care Children’s Hospital
Authors: Ford Jenna , Harthan Aaron , McGarvey Jeremy , Mischler Matthew
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVES

Evaluate the implementation of a pharmacist-managed opioid weaning regimen and objective opioid withdrawal assessment tool in pediatric patients requiring an opioid wean. We hypothesized that this combination would be associated with a reduction in the wean duration and length of stay and decrease episodes of opioid withdrawal.

METHODS

Retrospective cohort study utilizing pediatric inpatients requiring an inpatient opioid medication wean. The study was conducted in 3 phases from chart review of patients admitted from 2012 to 2020: baseline preintervention (phase 1), pharmacist-managed weaning regimen (phase 2), and addition of an objective assessment tool, the Withdrawal Assessment Tool-1 (phase 3). Data collection included the total wean duration, total duration of hospital admission, and number of episodes of opioid withdrawal.

RESULTS

The study included 115 patients with 36 patients in phases 1 and 3 and 43 patients in phase 2. Median age ranged from 0.46 to 0.84 years and the majority of children were males. No significant differences in patient characteristics such as age, weight, sex, and previous opioid exposure were found between phases. Length of stay, wean duration, and episodes of withdrawal with need for rescue dose all decreased significantly from phase 1 to phase 3.

CONCLUSIONS

Use of a pharmacist-managed weaning regimen combined with the Withdrawal Assessment Tool-1 tool was associated with significantly shorter methadone weans and overall length of stay. This has implications for wide spread dissemination and standardization of this approach in tertiary care children’s hospitals caring for patients after ICU admission.
Comparison of intracranial pressure changes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with and without malignant blood-brain barrier disruption
Authors: Lee Seungwoo , You Yeonho , Ahn Hong Joon , Park Jung Soo , Jeong Wonjoon , Kang Changshin , Min Jin Hong , In Yong Nam
Published: October 2022

Objective In the present study, intracranial pressure (ICP) changes were investigated in out-ofhospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients with and without malignant blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption who underwent target temperature management.Methods This prospective, single-center, observational study was conducted from June 2019 to December 2021. ICP and albumin quotient values were measured on days 1, 2, 3, and 4 of hospitalization. Malignant BBB disruption was defined as the sum of scores for the degree of BBB disruption ≥9 on days 1 to 4.Results ICP in OHCA patients without malignant BBB disruption on days 1, 2, 3, and 4 of hospitalization was 9.58±0.53, 12.32±0.65, 14.39±0.76, and 13.88±0.87 mmHg, respectively, and in OHCA patients with malignant BBB disruption 13.65±0.74, 15.72±0.67, 16.10±0.92, and 15.22±0.87 mmHg, respectively (P<0.001, P<0.001, P=0.150, and P=0.280, respectively). The P-values of changes in ICP between days 1 and 2, days 2 and 3, and days 3 and 4 of hospitalization in OHCA patients without malignant BBB disruption were P<0.001, P=0.001, and P=0.540, respectively, and in OHCA patients with malignant BBB disruption were P=0.002, P=0.550, and P=0.100, respectively.Conclusion Among OHCA patients treated with target temperature management, ICP was higher on days 1 and 2 of hospitalization and an increase in ICP occurred earlier with malignant BBB disruption than without malignant BBB disruption.
Social class and income distribution
Authors: Pla Jésica Lorena , Ayos Emilio Jorge
Published: October 2022

This paper aims to analyse the relationship between household income sources and household economic welfare over a medium-term period spanning different political-economic cycles in Argentina. It bases on the convergence between social class studies and welfare regimes analysis. We used a quantitative methodological strategy based on microdata from the Permanent Household Survey (EPH for its acronym in Spanish) of the National Institute of Statistics and Census (Indec for its acronym in Spanish), Argentina. The class scheme known as EGP/Casmin was constructed. The income sources for the different years were harmonised into labour and non-labour sources, differentiating the latter between market income and welfare income. The relationship between social class and income sources was analysed descriptively. A decomposition analysis by income sources and social class of the Gini economic inequality index was applied at the household level. Among the main conclusions of the paper, the strong dependence of households of all social classes on labour income for their social reproduction is highlighted, even in periods of strong dynamism in the field of social policies, such as the governments framed within the “progressive turn” or “pink tide”.
Effect of an integrated fly control programme in farrowing houses in Russia on milk yield of sows and growth performance of offspring
Authors: Safiullin R. T. , Safiullin R. R. , Kachanova E. O. , Ageev I. S. , Dogaeva G. A.
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study was to estimate the efficacy of an integrated fly control programme in farrowing houses on milk yield of sows and growth performance of offspring. Four insecticides: Solfak Duo, Solfak Duo + Baycidal, Quick Bayt, and Agita were tested on 160 sows and 1690 pigs. The effectiveness of these drugs against adult flies ranged from 71.22 to 98.84% and against larvae: from 98.96 to 100%. The results of the studies showed the positive effect of the integrated insecticidal programme for combating adult flies and their larvae in the mother-pig barn on the milk productivity of sows and live weight of piglets. After the combined use of Solfak Duo + Baycidal insecticides a tendency for better results was observed with higher milk production of sows (by 71.1%) and improved live weight of piglets (by 40.6%).
VETERINARY STUDENTS’ PREFERENCES FOR AN INTEGRATED ESL EXPERIENCE
Authors:   Department of Social Sciences and Business Language Training, Faculty of Economics,  Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Gundasheva Zh. , Naydenova N. ,   Department of Social Sciences and Business Language Training, Faculty of Economics,  Trakia University, Stara Zagora
Published: October 2022

A survey with veterinary students on their preferences for an integrated foreign language learning experience was launched in April 2021. Students were asked to select the options they find valid and suitable for the improvement of their academic performance in ESL. The methodology included analysis of the relations between demographic characteristics, learning styles, individual vs. group learning, autonomous preparation, communicative and integrated vs traditional methods and approaches, learner and teacher roles, content and language-integrated learning and intercultural aspects of their education. The results were processed with a statistical software which compared the means established between the different sections. Significant correlations between the demographic characteristics and the items related to autonomous learning and intercultural aspects were found. Other correlations between the confidence of learners and their motivation to communicate in English were also exemplified. The discussion explains the variations in the individual answers and includes an analysis of the selections and the open questions. The conclusions inferred from the learners’ input draw a pertinent picture of the aspects of ESL experience addressed by learners studying under mixed teaching media and suggest some improvements for a better integrated language learning.
Native Craft Study at University Level as a Tool for Maintaining Craft Heritage: The Example of the University of Tartu Viljandi Culture Academy, Estonia
Authors: Matsin Ave
Published: October 2022

The present paper describes the native craft education and research carried out at the University of Tartu Viljandi Culture Academy in Estonia. ‘Native crafts’ are understood as creative technical and cultural practices, applications, and developments that are based on traditional local crafting techniques, materials, design principles, and skills. The mission of the academy is to represent the values that reinforce and re-establish local and national traditions and identities through active participation in the cultural process. Its courses, which were launched in 1994, have been developed to cover the majority of the traditional crafting techniques, skills, and materials that are used throughout Estonia. By means of these courses, the academy has assumed responsibility for teaching, preserving, and integrating Estonian vernacular culture and skills. It is the only institution in Estonia advancing the practice-based research and popularization of Estonian traditional costumes, jewelry, and construction, for example, at the level of higher education. The present paper provides an overview of the BA and MA program in native crafts and their main developmental trends. It also offers a more detailed overview of costume studies as part of the textile program. It covers the history, techniques, and regional peculiarities of traditional costumes, as well as the innovative ways in which traditional materials, patterns, and ornaments can be used in modern fashion.
Hungarian Legal Ethnography from the Perspective of Theoretical Legal Thought
Authors: Varga Csaba
Published: October 2022

The object of folk law research are the customs that prevail in areas covered, or theoretically covered, by state law, which effectively ensure permanent respect for them, largely in a less formalized way. In the respective historical stratum, (folk) legal customs fulfil functions equivalent to the law where, due to the logic of historical development or for other specific reasons, (a) there is a lack of state and legal organization; (b) the state and legal organization fails to reach significant social groups due to its paucity and indifference; or (c) the law fails to be transformed into practice that would lead to the fulfillment of its true functions. In its present-day version, a legal (folk) custom emerges when the state and legal organization has wholly fulfilled the functions in question, and it survives merely within the framework and vestiges of that organization, as a component of the ongoing system of customs, as a complement and embellishment to the state and legal organization, and perhaps with content of only symbolic significance. Against a background of a living peasant society, this was, and to some extent remains, a peculiarity of Central Europe, while in other contexts, starting from different traditions, the related research comes under the domain of legal anthropology, legal ethnology, and legal pluralism. Legal ethnography contributes to the investigation of social ethnographic issues by examining the instruments and institutions of the social order and the way they function. However, in terms of jurisprudence it is simultaneously both strong and weak, since although the idea of living law has revolutionized legal thought, European legal mentality, which rests on the rule-based objectification of modern formal law, nevertheless seeks to reject both the openness that characterizes the primordial quest for peace and the formlessness familiar to peoples living close to nature. In any case, an ethnography with social-theoretical foundations, which would take into account not only legal anthropology but also the socio-ethnographic lessons of legal ethnography, remains a task for the future.
Effect of slow-release amylase on extraction of peach peel phenolics and their antioxidant activities
Authors: Akram S. , Ashfaq T. , Saeed Z. , Ashraf R. , Mushtaq M.
Published: October 2022

The present manuscript demonstrates the work undertaken to optimise and validate a slow-release amylase-assisted extraction of polyphenols from peach fruit peel. A careful investigation and optimisation revealed that peach peel when hydrolysed with 1.50% (w/w) of SRA containing enzyme formulation at 40 °C and 6.1 pH, for 35 min significantly (P < 0.05) increased the extraction yield, levels of polyphenol contents (242.89 ± 1.56 mg gallic acid equivalents – GAE), and coumaric, chlorogenic, ferulic acids or their conjugate esters in extracts. Moreover, the extracts produced through SRA-assisted extraction exhibited ample level of free radical scavenging capacity (DPPH IC50 2.67 ± 0.03 μg mL−1), Trolox equivalent (TE) antioxidant capacity (450.52 ± 24.58 µmol of TE g−1), inhibition of peroxides in linoleic acid (85.68 ± 0.21%), and ferric reducing power of 3.11 ± 0.20 ppm gallic acid equivalents. The results suggested that the incorporation of SRA containing enzyme formulation may enhance the recovery of peach peel polyphenols while hydrolysing the glycosidic linkages without deteriorating their antioxidant character.
Risk factors and outcomes of internet gaming disorder identified in Korean prospective adolescent cohort study
Authors: Byeon Gihwan , Jo Sun-Jin , Park Jong-Ik , Jeong Hyunsuk , Lee Hae Kook , Yim Hyeon Woo
Published: October 2022

Background and aims

Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is known to cause various psychological and physical complications. Through data collected from an adolescent prospective longitudinal cohort, we examined how IGD is related to lifestyle and physical symptoms, as well as the temporal relationship between them.

Methods

This study was conducted as part of iCURE (Internet user Cohort for Unbiased Recognition of gaming disorder in Early Adolescence) in Korea between 2015 and 2019. Sleep and physical activity time, dry eye symptoms, musculoskeletal pain, and near-miss accidents were measured at baseline and followed-up after one year. IGD risk was evaluated using the Internet Game Use – Elicited Symptom Screen (IGUESS). The association between IGD risk and measured variables was analyzed, both at baseline and at follow-up after one year.

Results

At baseline, the IGD risk group had significantly less physical activity time and sleep time and had more dry eye symptoms, musculoskeletal pain, and near-miss accidents than the IGD non-risk group. Additionally, in the IGD risk group at baseline, dry eye symptoms, musculoskeletal pain, and near-miss accidents occurred significantly more after one year of follow-up.

Discussion and conclusion

The results of this study show that IGD is a significant risk factor that increases the probability of physical disease and trauma in adolescents. Therefore, interventions aimed at reducing IGD risk and protecting the physical and mental health of adolescents are imperative.
ISLAMIC JURISDICTION SYSTEM IN SAUDI ARABIC
Authors: Rosadi Aden
Published: October 2022

This paper will discuss the Islamic justice system in the country of Saudi Arabia. Through a normative juridical approach it can be described that Saudi Arabia is an Islamic country that is consistent in implementing criminal law. In contrast to the continental legal system and the anglo saxon which are guided by the policies of the Government, Parliament and the judiciary. In addition, in practice, Islamic criminal law is also guided by the opinion of the school, both the official school, namely the hambali school or other schools. Thus it can be concluded that the judiciary bodies in Arab countries are entirely guided by Islamic law, because Islamic law is the positive law. On the other hand, it also does not codify the law because it can narrow the space for ijtihad to move and the sources of legal making, but this in turn can lead to different judges' decisions. For this reason, there is Majlis al-A'la li al-Qadha (Supreme Court of Justice) to oversee the decisions of the court judges under their ranks. In addition, the hierarchy of judicial bodies in the Arab country consists of three levels, namely the High Court as the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeal and the Court of First instance.
PERLINDUNGAN HAK-HAK PEREMPUAN DALAM FATWA MUI BIDANG MUNÂKAḤAT PERSPEKTIF MAŞLAḤAH
Authors: Daud Fathonah K. , Fuadah Aah Tsamrotul
Published: October 2022

Tulisan ini membahas tentang fatwa MUI dalam bidang hukum keluarga, ditinjau dalam perspektif maslahah. Apakah fatwa-fatwa MUI selama ini sudah mencerminkan maslahah bagi masyarakat, bukan hanya adil bagi lelaki, tetapi juga adil bagi perempuan? Selain itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti fatwa MUI adakah telah terpengaruh dengan hukum-hukum global terkait Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM). Namun, tulisan ini hanya terbatas membahas tema nikah mut’ah, nikah nikah wisata dan nikah di bawah tangan. Metode kajian ini adalah studi literature (library research) dengan perspektif maṣlaḥah. Kajian ini menemukan bahwa fatwa MUI dalam hukum nikah mut’ah dan nikah wisata adalah haram, fatwa tersebut telah memperhatikan konsep maṣlaḥah dalam menetapkan fatwanya juga telah memenuhi perspektif gender. Namun dalam hukum nikah di bawah tangan, MUI terkesan tidak tegas dengan menfatwakan bahwa nikah sirri itu sah, artinya dibenarkan menurut agama, dengan catatan tidak terjadi pelanggaran (madarat). Apabila terjadi madarat, maka hukumnya haram. Padahal realitanya nikah di bawah tangan itu rentan terhadap penyelewengan dan sering membawa dampat buruk, terutama kepada perempuan dan anak-anaknya. Di sini MUI dalam berfatwa masih dipengaruhi fiqh klasik, meskipun memberi perhatian kepada kemaslahatan, tetapi tidak serta merta terpengaruh kepada kondisi kontekstual atau pengaruh global dimana perempuan masih banyak yang dirugikan dari pasca pernikahan sirri.
HUKUM PERKAWINAN & KEWARISAN DALAM TATA HUKUM MESIR DAN SUDAN
Authors: Podungge Mohamad Salman , Ruhiat Panji Nugraha , Khosyiah Si'ah
Published: October 2022

AbstrakMesir dan Sudan merupakan dua negara yang mempunyai hubungan satu sama lain, khususnya dari sisi historis – yuridis. Mesir telah melakukan kodifikasi hukum keluarga sejak abad 18, Sudan sendiri tidak pernah melakukan kodifikasi hukum keluarga. Namun, keduanya terus melakukan reformasi hukum keluarga, berkiblat pada madzhab Hanafi pada khususnya. Pertanyaan mendasar pada tulisan ini adalah bagaimana bentuk reformasi hukum keluarga Islam di Mesir dan Sudan, khususnya dalam hal perkawinan dan kewarisan. Kajian dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan pendekatan historis yuridis dari dua hal: (1) sejarah singkat perkembangan hukum keluarga secara umum di Mesir dan Sudan, serta (2) hukum perkawinan dan kewarisan di Mesir dan Sudan. Tulisan ini menemukan bahwa Mesir dan Sudan telah mengalami transformasi dan modernisasi hukum perkawinan dan kewarisan, tetapi keduanya tetap mempertahankan prinsip syari’ah.
MARRIAGE AGREEMENT AS A EFFORT FORMING THE SAKINAH FAMILY
Authors: Zakiyuddin Ach
Published: October 2022

Premarital agreements are recognized by Indonesian positive law as binding on both parties, with the Marriage Registry Officer serving as the official witness. Furthermore, the aims of Islamic law and the secrets established by Allah for every Islamic law, including the marriage contract, are called maqasid al-syari ah. It may be inferred that the marriage contract is in compliance with maqasid al-syari ah, based on the study. Because it safeguards the constitutional rights of both the husband and the wife, a marriage contract may aid in the formation of a successful family. It is enough for "obedient" Muslims to refrain from transgressing Islamic law and the dread of punishment, but for "ordinary" Muslims, the Marriage Agreement is more effective and protective since it has a dual impact.
SCALABLE HUMAN KNOWLEDGE ABOUT NUMERIC TIME SERIES VARIATION AND ITS ROLE IN IMPROVING FORECASTING RESULTS
Authors: Hieu Nguyen Duy , Ho Nguyen Cat , Phong Pham Đinh , Lan Vu Nhu , Hiep Pham Hoang
Published: October 2022

Instead of handling fuzzy sets associated with linguistic (L-) labels based on the developers’ intuition immediately, the study follows the hedge algebras (HA-) approach to the time series forecasting problems, in which the linguistic time series forecasting model was, for the first time, proposed and examined in 2020. It can handle the declared forecasting L-variable word-set directly and, hence, the terminology linguistic time-series (LTS) is used instead of the fuzzy time-series (FTS). Instead of utilizing a limited number of fuzzy sets, this study views the L-variable under consideration as to the numeric forecasting variable's human linguistic counterpart. Hence, its word-domain becomes potentially infinite to positively utilize the HA-approach formalism for increasing the LTS forecasting result exactness. Because the forecasting model proposed in this study can directly handle L-words, the LTS, constructed from the numeric time series and its L-relationship groups, considered human knowledges of the given time-series variation helpful for the human-machine interface. The study shows that the proposed formalism can more easily handle the LTS forecasting models and increase their performance compared to the FTS forecasting models when the words’ number grows.