bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Research of Tai’an Big Data Ecological Status Based on IPV9
Authors: Yalin Gao , Yihua Ma
Published: August 2020

In recent years, medical problems have always been a topic of concern. With the improvement of people’s life quality, the attention to diseases has also reached a new height. It has also become a livelihood issue for the whole nation to enjoy low-cost and high-quality medical services. This paper researches the current situation of China’s medical treatment, summarizes the existing problems in China’s medical treatment, analyzes the development situation and opportunities of China’s big data in medical treatment, and finally introduces and analyzes the Tai ’an health ecosystem based on the independent and controllable new network IPV9 technology, and forecasts the brand-new digital medical network. In information age, new IT technology will inevitably become the key to the development of medical care.
Image Inpainting Research Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Li Zhao , Ruixia Zhao
Published: August 2020

With the rapid development of computer technology, image inpainting has become a research hotspot in the field of deep learning. Image inpainting belongs to the intersection of computer vision and computer graphics, and is an image processing technology between image editing and image generation. The proposal of generative adversarial network effectively improves the problems of poor image inpainting effect and large difference between the inpainting image and the target image, and promotes the development of image inpainting technology. In this paper, the image inpainting is based on the generation of confrontation networks. Its network structure establishes two repair paths, namely the reconstruction path and the generation path, and the two paths correspond to two groups of networks. The encoder and generator in the network respectively complete the encoding and decoding tasks based on the residual network. The discriminator also uses the patch block discriminator on the basis of the residual network to discriminate the authenticity of the image. This paper uses Places2 data set to verify the algorithm, and uses PSNR and SSIM two objective evaluation methods to evaluate the quality of the repaired image. Experiments show that the algorithm inpainting effect is better.
Design and Research of Security System in University Laboratory
Authors: Li Ding , Xuerong Shi , Dujuan Zhang , Yulei Su
Published: August 2020

The laboratory is an important place for teaching and scientific research in major universities, and plays an important role in the work of universities. The resources equipped by the laboratory occupy a large part of the resources of the entire school. The laboratory security system plays an important role in ensuring the safety of the laboratory and preventing the loss of equipment. Today’s laboratory security systems have factors such as low automation, insufficient management, and inadequate safety in the experimental environment. Moreover, most security systems are built using wired methods, which have problems such as cumbersome wiring, aging lines, and difficult maintenance. In view of the many problems in the current laboratory management, this paper proposes a security system designed and implemented by the ZigBee technology of the Internet of Things. The system uses a wireless network to monitor laboratory access control and the environment, realizing the intelligence of the laboratory security system.
A Study of Edge Computing Offloading Based on Security
Authors: Pei Luo , Juchao Lei
Published: August 2020

With the widespread use of IOT scenario and the development of mobile network technology, the access to many devices at the edge of the network has generated an exponential increase in the volume of data, bringing higher than ever before the demand for data transmission bandwidth, traditional centralized cloud computing can no longer meet the demand, the need to adopt edge computing distributed collaborative approach to data processing. In this paper, we study a mobile edge computing model based on energy consumption optimization management under a certain delay constraint, focus on an edge computing offload scheme based on security management, and design an offload decision scheme based on a multi-objective optimization hybrid quantum evolution algorithm (MHQEA) to ensure the security of user equipments during computing offload in the edge network and reduce total system energy consumption.
Shifting leadership out of the backyard: Expanding opportunities for women leading in higher education in the Solomon Islands
Authors: Maezama Susanne
Published: August 2020

In the Solomon Islands, the paucity of women represented in educational leadership positions is an issue of social justice. This is an area of concern as, although women experience opportunities to practise leadership in a range of community contexts, their access to leadership in the field of education is restricted by a number of social and cultural discourses that marginalize women leaders. This qualitative research investigated the leadership experiences of ten women leaders located in one cultural context, the unique island of Santa Isabel in the Solomon Islands. Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were engaged to explore women’s leadership perceptions and experiences and how these ideas were realized in the way they practised leadership. Findings indicated that women’s perceptions of, and participation in, leadership was immersed in a cultural context which was founded on a belief of matrilineal leadership culture providing opportunities for women to have power and respect in community contexts but not necessarily organizational contexts. However, the findings also illustrated the challenges met by these women when they sought to extend their leadership practices beyond the home and their close communities, into organizations. Although a complex concept to negotiate, extending the cultural discourses of matrilineal leadership into educational leadership contexts may provide an alternative and supporting mechanism to enhance the representation of women in formal educational leadership positions in the Solomon Islands.
When the walls have fallen: Socially just leadership in post-traumatic times
Authors: Goddard J. Tim
Published: August 2020

Although educational researchers and theorists accept that there is a degree of ambiguity and uncertainty endemic to organizational life, school leaders in democratic countries tend to address issues through the use of strategies structured to take place within a stable environment. However, many would argue that such stability is a false perception. Traumatic events can occur at any time and at any place. Every country might one day find itself having to cope with the after-effects of colonialism, conquest, conflict or catastrophe. This article describes the impact of traumatic events upon the decision-making processes of school leaders. Specifically, it describes the ways in which personal value systems influence how school leaders attend to appropriate, diligent and socially just responsibilities following a traumatic event. The purpose of this article is to identify and examine possible future strategies for a socially just school leader when confronted with an unanticipated and demanding environment.
You have to start somewhere: Designing, tailoring and tinkering. A reflection on leading a change process
Authors: Harris Christine , Panther Chris
Published: August 2020

This story of leading change is written by the Principal and Deputy Principal of Thorrington School in Christchurch where the leadership focus has been to shift curriculum design and teaching practices to be more responsive to the needs of learners. The article considers the shift in the practices of twenty teachers over a three-year time frame. The school does not have purpose built Modern Learning Spaces / Environments (referred to as flexible learning spaces in this article) so considerations for moving towards flexible learning had to start with changing mindsets and pedagogy. Initially there was a group of early up takers from amongst the staff who adapted their classrooms, furniture and processes to implement a change in practice. Although other teachers in the school recognised the success of this team the impetus to change practice across the whole school was largely rhetoric. Over time school wide resultant change was an amalgam of purpose, support, and development of new skills and strategies. Various drivers for change were recognised as being helpful for some teachers but not for others. Changes in teachers’ mindsets happened independently of each other and at different times for different people but together they eventually combined to change the attitudes and behaviours of teachers towards flexible learning practices. Although student achievement data is improving in all areas across the school this article does not track the trajectory of student data for consideration nor does this article address the community consultation process that occurred alongside this journey.
Ultrastructure of Hirschmanniella diversa early-stage infection in browning rhizomes of Indian lotus
Authors: Uematsu Shigeru , Yabu Tetsuo , Yao Mitsuyoshi , Kurihara Takayuki , Koga Hironori
Published: August 2020

Browning rhizome (also known as “browning tuber disease”) in Indian lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) caused by the nematode Hirschmanniella diversa is an emerging agronomic problem. In this study, the authors documented the early infection processes of H. diversa in the apices of young rhizomes of Indian lotus by electron microscopy analysis using an artificial inoculation method. Nematodes were attracted to young rhizome apices, invading them via narrow indentations by 4.5 hr after inoculation. Host cells adjacent to the cavity around the invading nematodes were absent and appeared to have disintegrated during infestation. Following contact with the nematodes, host cell walls and cellular contents became electron-dense and less defined, likely due to digestive enzymes secreted by the invading nematodes. Nematodes invaded to a depth of about 1 mm by 24 hr after inoculation, but did not penetrate the plant any further vertically, similar to the observation of browning in mature rhizomes in the field. The authors propose that the invasion sites of young rhizome apices become blackish-brown blotches as rhizomes mature in the field due to oxidation.
Influences of nitrogen inputs on nematode populations under highbush blueberry
Authors: Forge Thomas , Ehret David , Messiga Aime , Dorais Martine
Published: August 2020

This study examined the effects of nitrogen fertilization on populations of Rotylenchus robustus, Pratylenchus crenatus, and Paratrichodorus renifer, and indices of free-living nematode community structure, in relation to highbush blueberry production in British Columbia, Canada. The field experiment was established in fall of 2008 with six replicate plots of each of four experimental N fertilization treatments: 0, 100, 150, and 200% of the annual application rate recommended for conventional blueberry production in the region. Nematode populations were quantified annually from 2009 through 2015, and then nematode populations and root biomass were quantified at seven sample dates from 2016 through 2019. Population densities of R. robustus were consistently greater in the 100% treatment than in the 0, 150, and 200% treatments which did not differ from each other. Population densities of P. crenatus were consistently greater in the 150% treatment than in the 0, 100%, and 200% treatments. The nematode structure index and two indices of diversity declined monotonically with N fertilizer rate, indicating broader changes in the soil food web that could have had indirect, feedback effects on population dynamics of the plant-parasitic nematodes.
First record of native entomopathogenic nematodes from Montana agroecosystems
Authors: Sandhi Ramandeep K. , Pothula Ratnasri , Pothula Satyendra K. , Adams Byron J. , Reddy Gadi V.P.
Published: August 2020

A total of 30 different agricultural fields in the Golden Triangle Region of Montana, USA were surveyed, and 150 soil samples were evaluated for the presence of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). The authors isolated EPNs from 10% of the collected samples. The recovered isolates were identified as Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora by using morphological and molecular analysis. Steinernema feltiae was found from two fields, Kalispell (S. feltiae 1) and Choteau (S. feltiae 2). Steinernema feltiae (1 and 2) differed significantly from each other in terms of morphological characters for infective juveniles (distance from anterior end to excretory pore and nerve ring) and 1st generation males (body length, spicule length, gubernaculum length, oesophagus, tail, and anal body diameter). Steinernema feltiae 2 and H. bacteriophora were recovered from the same field in Choteau. All these species were recovered from wheat fields with sandy clay loam and loam soils with 3.3 to 3.4% organic matter content and pH 8.
Mortality of Phyllophaga vetula larvae by the separate and combined application of Metarhizium anisopliae, Steinernema carpocapsae and Steinernema glaseri
Authors: Ruiz-Vega Jaime , Cortés-Martínez Carlos I. , Aquino-Bolaños Teodulfo , Matadamas-Ortíz Pastor T. , García-Gutiérrez Cipriano , Navarro-Antonio José
Published: August 2020

Phyllophaga spp. are a complex of edaphic insect pests that are present in the corn crops (Zea mays) in México, which are usually controlled with increasing dosages of broad-spectrum chemical insecticides. Several entomopathogenic nematode species can produce acceptable control levels of these larvae. However, the synergistic interaction between fungi and entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) could improve the control of this insect. This study investigates the mortality of larvae of Phyllophaga vetula by the effect of the separate or combined application of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae M1cog strain (Ma) and the nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae All strain (Sc) or Steinernema glaseri NJ-43 strain (Sg). In laboratory, dosages of 1 × 106 or 1 × 108 spores/larva and 250 infective juveniles were applied on medium or large size P. vetula larvae contained in vials with sterilized agricultural soil as the assay arena. The separate application of Ma did not kill any larvae, but Sg and Sc killed 40 and 80% of the larvae, respectively. However, the Ma and Sc combination had an important antagonistic interaction that decreased the mortality to 40%, but the combination Ma and Sg had a slight additive interaction that increased the mortality to 47%. The most determining factor in larvae mortality was the nematode used, with Sg as the species with best performance in 6 of the 12 treatments evaluated and with a maximum effectivity of 80% on medium-size larvae if combined with a low dosage of Ma. The combined application of an entomopathogenic fungus and EPN showed no consistent effects on the mortality percentage of P. vetula, mostly because the fungus was not isolated from Phyllophaga larvae.
Oscheius myriophila (Nematoda: Rhabditida) isolated in sugar cane soils in Mexico with potential to be used as entomopathogenic nematode
Authors: del Rocio Castro-Ortega Iveth , Caspeta-Mandujano Juan Manuel , Suárez-Rodríguez Ramón , Peña-Chora Guadalupe , Ramírez-Trujillo José Augusto , Cruz-Pérez Karina , Sosa Iván Arenas , Hernández-Velázquez Víctor Manuel
Published: August 2020

A survey of entomopathogenic nematodes was conducted in sugar cane crops in a total of 14 soils, and positive results were obtained for strain MC5-2014 in the municipality of Tepalcingo, Morelos, in soil with a sandy loam texture and a pH of 6.4. Species determination was performed via morphological and morphometric techniques by searching for a tubular stoma with a swollen cylindrical pharyngeal body and a metacorpus in the basal part. The range of body length (L) was 750 to 1200 μm in females and 720 to 910 μm in males, while the corresponding maximum widths (W) of the body were 30 to 60 μm and 20 to 30 μm, respectively. Males exhibited bursa with a 1 + 1 + 3 + 3 distribution of papillae, and females exhibited a vulva located at the mid-body. For molecular identification, the ITS region of ribosomal DNA was used. Virulence tests (LC50) were conducted with Galleria mellonella, and a value of 4.732 was obtained for infective juveniles (IJs). Taking taxonomic and molecular characteristics into account, the isolate was determined to be Oscheius myriophila. The isolation of this strain represents the first geographic report of O. myriophila in Mexico, and it should be noted that the cultivation of sugar cane occurs with constant application of insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and fertilizers as well as harvesting activities such as burning of the crop for harvest. The O. myriophila isolate has the potential to be used in the future as a method of biological control in our country.
Infection parameters of Heterorhabditis amazonensis (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) in different stages of Hibiscus pink mealybug
Authors: Fuenmayor Yvan , Portillo Edgar , Bastidas Brynelly , Guerra Mayamarú , San-Blas Ernesto
Published: August 2020

The pink hibiscus mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is an invasive pest of an enormous variety of crops and has become a concern in many parts of the world. Early attempts to control M. hirsutus with chemical insecticides and cultural methods have failed due to the cryptic habit of the insect. We assessed the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis amazonensis as a biological agent against different insect stages. Comparing different concentrations of the nematode, insect females were very susceptible, with more than 90% of the insects killed. In second and third nymphal stages mortality rates varied from 20 to 60% depending on the nematode concentration. The first nymphal stage as much less susceptible to nematodes due to their small size. The number of nematodes capable of invading the insect host did not vary between the different concentrations. However, the LC50 for females (35.2 IJ/insect), second and third nymphal stages (83.9 IJ/insect) demonstrated that H. amazonensis should be considered as a potential biocontrol agent of the pink hibiscus mealybug.
Metabolites of lactic acid bacteria – overview and industrial applications
Authors: Ratajczak Katarzyna , Piotrowska-Cyplik Agnieszka
Published: August 2020

Lactic acid bacteria are one of the most commonly found microorganisms in food. One of the reasons behind their popularity are their probiotic properties. Lactic acid bacteria produce a wide range of metabolites which often find use as antimicrobial agents or preservatives. The efficacy and efficiency of these compounds are vastly different. The most promising group of lactic acid bacteria metabolites are bacteriocins. However, there are crucial issues with the application of bacteriocins in the food industry. The goal of this study was to provide an overview of the lactic acid bacteria metabolites most commonly used in industry.

1. Introduction. 2. Lactic acid bacteria. 2.1. Homofermentation. 2.2. Heterofermentation. 3. Metabolites of lactic acid bacteria. 3.1. Organic acids. 3.2. Diacetyl. 3.3. Hydrogen peroxide. 3.4. Carbon dioxide. 3.5. Bacteriocins. 3.5.1. Characteristics of bacteriocins. 3.5.2. Classification of bacteriocins. 3.5.3. Issues with the application of bacteriocins in the food industry. 4. Conclusion
Papillomaviruses: HPV as the etiological factor of head and neck cancers
Authors: Wiciński Michał , Leis Kamil , Malinowski Bartosz , Węclewicz Mateusz Maciej , Grześk Elżbieta , Grześk Grzegorz
Published: August 2020

The HPV virus, belonging to papillomaviruses, causes genital, lung, head and neck cancers. It is currently estimated that there are 190 types of HPV. Over 700 million people worldwide are infected with the virus. In the United States, 14 million new infections occur every year. The most common HPV types responsible for carcinogenesis of head and neck areas are types 16 and 18. The virus infects human epithelial cells, for example during a sexual intercourse. Transmission from mother to child during birth is also possible. There is evidence linking HPV with laryngeal cancer, leukoplakia, tonsil cancer or Bowen’s disease. HPV vaccines are available to help prevent infection by certain types of the virus, e.g. 9-valent HPV vaccine called Gardasil-9.

1. Introduction. 2. Structure of HPV. 3. Taxonomy. 4. Infection. 5. Pathogenicity. 6. Treatment. 7. Vaccines. 8. Summary
Nocardia spp. – characteristics, pathogenicity, treatment
Authors: Wiciński Michał , Leis Kamil , Węclewicz Mateusz Maciej , Malinowski Bartosz , Żak Jarosław , Grześk Elżbieta , Grześk Grzegorz
Published: August 2020

Nocardia spp. bacteria are Gram-positive aerobes occurring worldwide. They cause nocardiosis, of which the most common forms are pulmonary nocardiosis and cutaneous nocardiosis. The pulmonary form progresses as a result of aspiration of pathogens into the respiratory tract, whereas the cutaneous nocardiosis, can spread to other organs (often to CNS) and includes Madura foot, both mycetoma and systemic. Infections usually affect people with immunodeficiency, for example infected with HIV or after immunosupression therapy. Nocardia asteroides is responsible for the majority of infections in humans. Diagnostic methods include cell culture and PCR. The symptoms vary depending on the form of the illness. Cough and hemoptysis are characteristic for pulmonary nocardiosis, while abscesses are typical for the cutaneous form. When the illness spreads, the symptoms vary depending on the organ. The treatment of choice is sulfonamide.

1. Introduction. 2. History. 3. Characteristics of Nocardia spp. 4. Systematics. 5. Pathogenicity. 6. Diagnostics. 7. Treatment. 8. Summary
Orthomyxoviruses – Influenza and other viruses
Authors: Wiciński Michał , Leis Kamil , Malinowski Bartosz , Węclewicz Mateusz Maciej , Grześk Elżbieta , Grześk Grzegorz
Published: August 2020

The Orthomyxoviruses is a family of viruses with its most common representatives being the influenza viruses (A, B, C and D types), which constitute a significant clinical problem. Influenza is a disease affecting animals and people. It is transmitted by airborne droplets and manifestes itself with such symptoms as coughing, sneezing, muscle pain or fever. Influenza often leads to complications, including pneumonia and myocarditis. In the past, influenza viruses were responsible for pandemics, including the most infamous pandemic of the Spanish influenza. It took place in the years 1918–1919 and is thought to have been responsible for the death toll of as many as 100 million people. The family also includes Isavirus, responsible for fish anaemia, Quaranjavirus and Thogotovirus, among which there also species causing diseases in humans. For example, a human infection with the Bourbon virus was diagnosed only once, in 2014. These viruses are much more rare then influenza viruse and also less known. New species are still discovered.

1. Introduction. 2. Characteristics. 3. Replication of a model Influenzavirus A. 4. History. 5. Diagnostic methods. 6. Pathogenicity. 6.1. Influenza – Influenza viruses. 6.2. Thogotovirus. 6.3. Isavirus. 6.4. Quaranjavirus. 7. Treatment. 8. Summary
TICK-BORNE PATHOGENS IN INDIVIDUALS WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 1 (HIV-1) INFECTION
Authors: Welc-Falęciak Renata , Bednarska Małgorzata , Szatan Magdalena , Pawełczyk Agnieszka
Published: August 2020

The studies on the occurrence and diversity of tick-borne infections in HIV-infected individuals have been few, and the subject has been relatively neglected when compared with other infections associated with HIV. Non-specific symptoms of tick-borne diseases pose a challenge in clinical care and may lead to misdiagnosis, especially in HIV-positive patients, who often experience many non-specific clinical symptoms. Additionally, in immunocompromised patients, a significant delay of antibody production may occur, and the results of a serological test may be misinterpreted. This review focuses on the most common tick-borne infections in HIV-positive patients in Europe.

1. Introduction. 2. Ticks as vectors. 3. Babesiosis. 3.1. Diagnostics and treatment. 4. Lyme borreliosis. 4.1. Diagnostics and treatment. 5. Rickettsiosis. 5.1. Diagnostics and treatment. 6. Conclusions
DANGER THEORY AND DAMAGE-ASSOCIATED MOLECULAR PATTERN
Authors: Poniewierska-Baran Agata , Tokarz-Deptuła Beata , Deptuła Wiesław
Published: August 2020

The immune system (IS) of mammals has developed many mechanisms to effectively ravage foreign factors, including pathogens. In 1994, Polly Matzinger published a theory of danger, a new view in immunology, describing the response of the immune system to danger, caused by trauma and/or presence of pathogens. This theory brings a different view on the current theory, that the IS distinguishes between own (self) and foreign (non-self) structures and reacts only to non-self factors. According to the danger theory, the IS has the ability to verify “safe” and “dangerous” factors, thus explaining immune reactions caused by tissue damage, referred to as “sterile inflammation”, but also occurring during the infection. It is believed that the fundamental elements in danger theory are dangerous molecules-damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), which are released from damaged or dead tissue and cells, but they are also present in physiological conditions and give analogous immune response to this induced by self/ non-self factors.

1. Introduction. 2. The danger theory. 3. Damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP). 3.1. Characteristics of selected damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP). 4. Summary
STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS AS A CAUSATIVE AGENT OF HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS
Authors: Podgórska Beata , Kędzia Danuta
Published: August 2020

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance are two of the most important threats in contemporary medicine and represent a serious burden for the public health system. Whereas previously only regarded as an innocuous commensal microorganism of human skin, S. epidermidis is nowadays seen as an important opportunistic pathogen and the most frequent cause of nosocomial infections. S. epidermidis is the most genotypically diverse species within the genus Staphylococcus. Strains belonging to ST2, the most frequently found sequence type of hospital-associated invasive S. epidermidis are characterised by bacterial biofilm formation and resistance to methicillin amongst other antibiotics. S. epidermidis is mainly responsible for bloodstream infections and other biomedical device-related infections. Treating infections characterized with biofilm formation is problematic, additional challenge, is differentiation between actual S. epidermidis bloodstream infections versus blood samples contamination.

1. Introduction. 2. S. epidermidis characteristics. 2.1. Genome structure. 2.2. Genotypic diversity 3. Bacterial biofilm and strategies combating. 4. Antibiotic resistance. 5. Epidemiology and environmental transmission. 5.1. Genotyping methods. 6. S. epidermidis as infectious agent. 6.1. Bloodstream infections. 6.2. Neonatal sepsis. 6.3. Infective endocarditis. 6.4. Orthopedic infections. 6.5. Ophthalmic infections. 6.6. Urinary tract infections. 7. Genetic markers for virulent hospital strains detection. 8. Summary
Assessing the Expectations and Limitations of ASEAN-EU Counter-Terrorism Cooperation
Authors: Wibisono Ali A. , Kusumasomantri Aisha R.
Published: August 2020

This research examines the inter-regional security cooperation between ASEAN and the EU with a specific focus on counterterrorism. The research methods are based on a comparison of regional counterterrorism governance between the two regions and a close reading of Plan of Actions for the enhancement of ASEAN-EU relations documents from 2007 to 2018. The results show that CT cooperation is about facilitating a more comprehensive security governance cooperation where European standards and experience are transferred to Southeast Asia for purposes of regional security and diplomatic relations. In addition, this research also shows that EU-ASEAN CT cooperation has not been geared specifically to combat radicalism, or as part of a Counter Violent Extremism program; rather, the inter-regional cooperation has mainly focused on building a common normative framework in responding to terrorism within the corridor of democracy and preempting the terrorist networks from exploiting connectivity networks. Finally, implementation of security and political cooperation between the EU and ASEAN tend to rely on the existing extra-regional dialogue fora within ASEAN as well as direct engagement between the EU and third parties comprising each of the ASEAN states.
Revisiting Indonesia’s Economic Diplomacy in the Age of Disruption: Towards Digital Economy and Innovation Diplomacy
Authors: Margiansyah Defbry
Published: August 2020

With the rise of digital technologies and innovation disrupting the economy, the global phenomenon challenged the current concept and strategies of “conventional” economic diplomacy that have increasingly gained importance in contemporary foreign policy, including Indonesia. In the meantime, the digital economy had been significantly growing as a potential driver of growth and an inclusive economy which becomes central in the Indonesian development agenda. A new or innovation-based economy such as the digital economy did not only become one of the priorities in national policies but also emerge to be an essential variable to the foreign policy of Indonesia amid diplomatic deficit. This research examines Indonesia’s economic diplomacy in optimizing the potential of digital and new economic activities in facing the challenges of digital disruption. By employing integrative diplomacy concept, this research argues that Indonesia’s government should pursue intermestic, comprehensive and integrative strategies in its economic diplomacy by integrating new economy through the construction of “innovation diplomacy.” This research finds that the existing economic diplomacy is strongly directed to “conventional” commercial diplomacy, while it gives insufficient space for a new economy to develop significantly, due to the absence of concept supporting the operation of innovation-focused economic diplomacy. Consequently, it is suggested that Jakarta urgently has to reconceptualize its economic diplomacy more strategically in order to achieve “diplomatic sophistication,” by way of constructing “innovation diplomacy” as a subset of economic diplomacy.
Households' willingness to pay for quality of drinking water in Jaffna area of Sri Lanka
Authors: Krishnapillai Sooriyakumar , Perinpanathan Sumangkalai , Sivakumar Sivashankar
Published: August 2020

Jaffna Peninsula of Sri Lanka depends on groundwater for drinking water. Supply of clean drinking water has become limited due to overuse of agrochemicals, widespread use of pit latrines, and seawater intrusion. The aim of this study is to estimate the willingness to pay for the attributes of water quality and supply. One hundred and twenty households were randomly selected in the study area. A choice modeling approach was employed. The result indicates that, on average, households' willingness to pay for the improvement of water quality is three times higher than their monthly payment. Households are willing to pay more for reduction in calcium than for reduction in nitrate and improvement of other attributes. The education level of households influences willingness to pay for the improvement of water quality more than the income level of households. There is high potential to finance for the improvement of the water quality from the households. Water supply and drainage board can afford to supply the drinking water at the WHO standard and charge price on a volumetric basis. The findings of this study would be useful for policymakers to set the appropriate price and policy to develop a sustainable project.
Runoff pollution control of a sewage discharge project based on green concept – a sewage runoff pollution control system
Authors: Wang Yuan-Xu
Published: August 2020

The problem of runoff pollution in sewage discharge projects mainly depends on manual inspections, and this traditional inspection method has high personnel and time costs. Moreover, with rapid development of the Internet of Things technology, application of intelligent information management has become a development trend of various neighborhoods where LoRa communication technology with low power consumption and long-distance transmission characteristics has been widely used. Therefore, starting from the concept of green environmental protection, LoRa technology is used in this paper to design and develop a runoff pollution control system including a management terminal, terminal and network components for waste-water discharge projects. The main function is to calculate and comprehensively analyze the conventional indexes such as CODCr, BOD5, ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorus in the sewage treatment process, which reduces the calculation error of total pollutant treatment volume and total production volume, and improves the data accuracy of the sewage purification project. Meanwhile, the example verifies that the system proposed in the paper has accurate analysis of runoff pollution characteristics and accurate data calculation, which provides technical support for sustainable development and green development goals and mitigation of water crisis.
Lentil waste as novel natural coagulant for agricultural wastewater treatment
Authors: Chua Siong-Chin , Show Pau Loke , Chong Fai-Kait , Ho Yeek-Chia
Published: August 2020

Increasing agricultural irrigation to counteract a soil moisture deficit has resulted in the production of hazardous agricultural wastewater with high turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD). An innovative, sustainable, and effective solution is needed to overcome the pollution and water scarcity issues caused by the agricultural anthropogenic processes. This research focused on a sustainable solution that utilized a waste (broken lentil) as natural coagulant for turbidity and COD removal in agricultural wastewater treatment. The efficiency of the lentil extract (LE), grafted lentil extract (LE-g-DMC) and aluminium sulphate (alum) coagulants was optimized through the response surface methodology. Three-level Box–Behnken design was used to statistically visualize the complex interactions of pH, concentration of coagulants and settling time. LE achieved a significant 99.55% and 79.87% removal of turbidity and COD at pH 4, 88.46 mg/L of LE and 6.9 minutes of settling time, whereas LE-g-DMC achieved 99.83% and 80.32% removal of turbidity and COD at pH 6.7, 63.08 mg/L of LE-g-DMC and 5 minutes of settling time. As compared to alum, LE-g-DMC required approximately 30% less concentration. Moreover, LE and LE-g-DMC also required 75% and 65% less settling time as compared to the alum. Both LE and LE-g-DMC produced flocs with excellent settling ability (5.77 mg/L and 4.48 mL/g) and produced a significant less volume of sludge (10.60 mL/L and 8.23 mL/L) as compared with the alum. The economic analysis and assessments have proven the feasibility of both lentil-based coagulants in agricultural wastewater treatment.
Degradation of estriol (E3) and transformation pathways after applying photochemical removal processes in natural surface water
Authors: Perondi T. , Michelon W. , Basso A. , Bohrer J. K. , Viancelli A. , Fonseca T. G. , Treichel H. , Moreira R. F. P. M. , Peralta R. A. , Düsman E. , Pokrywiecki T. S.
Published: August 2020

Steroidal hormones such as estriol (E3), are resistant to biodegradation; hence their removal by conventional treatment systems (aerobic and anaerobic) facilities is limited. These substances are detected in surface water, and present risks to the aquatic ecosystem and humans via potential biological activity. Photochemical treatments can be used to remove E3; however, just a few studies have analyzed the kinetics, intermediates, and E3 degradation pathways in natural surface water. In this study, the behavior of E3 under ultraviolet irradiation associated with H2O2, O3 or TiO2 was investigated to determine the degradation potential and the transformation pathways in reactions performed with a natural surface water sample. E3 degradation kinetics (200 ppb) fitted well to the pseudo-first-order kinetics model, with kinetic constant k in the following order: kUV/O3 > kUV/TiO2 > kUV/H2O2 > kUV. The mechanism of degradation using different advanced oxidative processes seemed to be similar and 12 transformation byproducts were identified, with 11 of them being reported here for the first time. The byproducts could be formed by the opening of the aromatic ring and addition of a hydroxyl radical. A possible route of E3 degradation was proposed based on the byproducts identified, and some of the byproducts presented chronic toxicity to aquatic organisms, demonstrating the risks of exposure.
Diseño de una columna empacada y una torre de bandejas perforadas para la absorción de etanol. 2. Diseño de la torre de bandejas perforadas
Authors: Pérez Sánchez Amaury , Pérez Sánchez Eddy Javier , Bodaño Hernández Mahel Gabriel
Published: August 2020

En el presente trabajo se realizó el diseño de una torre de bandejas perforadas para efectuar un proceso de absorción de etanol gaseoso empleando agua como solvente. El resultado de costo obtenido se comparó con el costo de una columna empacada diseñada por (Pérez, Pérez, & Liaño, 2019) con el fin de seleccionar el equipo más adecuado desde el punto de vista económico. La torre tuvo un diámetro de 0,404 m, una caída de presión del gas de 0,783 kPa/bandeja –inferior a la máxima caída de presión establecida por el sistema (1,0 kPa/bandeja)– y un flujo de arrastre de 0,018 kg/s (64,8 kg/h), el cual puede calificarse como aceptable. La eficiencia de la bandeja de Murphree corregida por flujo de arrastre fue igual a 0,829, mientras que la torre presentó 11 bandejas o etapas en total. La torre de bandejas perforadas tuvo un costo aproximado de usd 15.315, siendo 1,44 veces inferior al costo de la columna empacada determinado por (Pérez, Pérez, & Liaño, 2019). Se concluye que resulta más factible, desde el punto de vista económico, adquirir la torre de bandejas perforadas para llevar a cabo el proceso de absorción establecido en este proyecto.
The Vaccine Against COVID-19: A Race Against Time
Authors: Hernández Fernández Javier
Published: August 2020

More than 16,5 million people have been infected with covid-19 worldwide, resulting in 655,300 deaths and immeasurable economic disruption. After the initial outbreak and more than 220,000 cases and 7,000 deaths in Colombia, covid-19 has widespread across 188 countries. The infection progresses daily, and cases and deaths increase mainly in the United States, Brazil, Russia, India, and South America countries such as Peru, Mexico, Chile, and Colombia.
Toward an Understanding of the Link between Work-Family Enrichment and Individual Health
Authors: Stoddard Misti , Madsen Susan R.
Published: August 2020

Decades of research have focused on the negative impact multiple roles can have on workplaces and homes. However, little attention has been given to the individual benefits that may result from simultaneous participation in these roles. Fortunately, a recent construct, work-family enrichment, has emerged which considers positive influences that one domain (i.e., work, family) has on another. This study utilized the 18-item Carlson, Kacmar, Wayne, and Grzywacz, (2006) enrichment scale and the Madsen, John, and Miller (2005) adapted individual health scale to study correlations and linkages among health constructs (i.e., mental-emotional and physical) and the various dimensions of work-family enrichment.
Further Validation of the Bolino and Turnley Impression Management Scale
Authors: Kacmar K. Michele , Harris Kenneth J. , Nagy Brian G.
Published: August 2020

As the field of impression management studies matures, the tools used to study and assess its components continue to be refined. The present study supplies additional testing and confirmation for one of the tools currently being used in the field: the Bolino and Turnley (1999) impression management scale. Using three samples of 144, 236, and 204 full-time employees, we confirm the factor structure and the utility of the majority of the scale’s twenty-two items, as well as demonstrate the convergent and discriminant validity of the scale. The results of the study also suggest avenues for future research.
Situational Influences on Team Helping Norms: Case Study of a Self-directed Team
Authors: Duimering P. Robert , Robinson Robert B.
Published: August 2020

A case study investigated the behavioral characteristics of a self-directed work team, and properties of the team’s task situation that may have influenced team behavior. Results indicate that helping among team members was the most prominent group norm, and also suggest various situational factors may have encouraged helping behavior, including task flexibility, low task interdependence, asynchronous demand variability, and the lack of formal performance measures. Implications for future research and management practice are discussed. The paper contributes toward a better understanding of the behavioral characteristics of effective teams and the influence of task situation on team behavior.
GLOBALISASI PERBANKAN DAN EFEKTIVITAS KEBIJAKAN MONETER DALAM PERSPEKTIF CREDIT CHANNEL
Authors: Radius Radius
Published: August 2020

Abstrak: Penelitian berfokus pada analisis dampak kepemilikan modal asing pada pertumbuhan kredit bank serta kaitannya dengan efektivitas transmisi kebijakan moneter credit channel. Menggunakan data panel individu bank BUKU 3 dan BUKU 4 di Indonesia, analisis dilakukan terhadap tiga kelompok bank berdasarkan jenis kepemilikannya yaitu Bank Pemerintah, Bank Domestik dan Bank Asing. Hasil estimasi pada model regresi menunjukkan secara empiris bahwa globalisasi berdampak terhadap pertumbuhan kredit bank secara spesifik pada bank dengan modal asing sebagai saham pengendali utama. Temuan yang menarik adalah transmisi kebijakan moneter pada sektor perbankan di Indonesia menunjukkan hasil yang tidak efektif jika dilihat dari perspektif credit channel.Abstract: This paper focuses on the effect of foreign equity in the Indonesian banking sector towards credit growth while linked to credit channel monetary policy transmission. It was using panel data from individual banks categorized as BUKU 3 and BUKU 4 in Indonesia, the analysis performed towards three categories of a bank by its ownership, which are Government Bank, Domestic Bank, and Foreign Bank. Estimation of the regression model shows that globalization empirically affects credit growth specific on foreign-controlled banks with majority foreign equity. The outstanding result in this paper is that the transmission of monetary policy in the Indonesian banking sector turns out to be ineffective as viewed from a credit channel perspective.
Proceedings of the 14th Engineering Mathematics and Applications Conference
Authors: Tisdell Christopher C , Jovanoski Zlatko , Guo William , Bunder Judith
Published: August 2020

EMAC 2019

UNSW Canberra, Australia

26th Nov–29th Nov 2019

This Special Section of the ANZIAM Journal (Electronic Supplement) contains the refereed papers from the 14th Engineering Mathematics and Applications Conference (EMAC2019), which was held at the UNSW Canberra, Australia from 26th November to 29th November 2019. EMAC is held under the auspices of the Engineering Mathematics Group (EMG), which is a special interest group of the Australian and New Zealand Industrial and Applied Mathematics division of the Australian Mathematics Society. This conference provides a forum for researchers interested in the development and use of mathematical methods in engineering and applied mathematics, and aims to foster interactions between mathematicians and engineers, from both academia and industry. A further theme of the conference is the mathematical education of applied mathematicians and engineers. The event attracted participants from around the globe, including: New Zealand, Saudi Arabia, United Kingdom, Japan and Australia.
The invited speakers at the 2019 meeting crossed the spectrum of specialities in engineering, mathematics, education and industry. They were: Alexander Kalloniatis (Defence Science and Technology Group), Robert K. Niven (UNSW Canberra), Katherine Seaton (La Trobe University) and Antoinette Tordesillas (University of Melbourne).
All of the articles included in the EMAC 2019 Proceedings have been critically peer reviewed to the usual standards of the ANZIAM Journal.
EMAC 2019 Organising Committee
The conference organising committee were Fiona Richmond, Zlatko Jovanoski (Director), Leesa Sidhu, Duncan Sutherland, Fangbao Tian, Isaac Towers, Timothy Trudgian and Simon Watt. The invited speakers were chosen by a committee of experts including Alys Clark, Jennifer Flegg, Bronwyn Hajek (EMG Chair), Zlatko Jovanoski, Dann Mallet, Robert Niven, Brandon Pincombe, Melanie Roberts (Chair) and Harvinder Sidhu.
Assessing Public Opinion on CRISPR-Cas9: Combining Crowdsourcing and Deep Learning
Authors: Müller Martin , Schneider Manuel , Salathé Marcel , Vayena Effy
Published: August 2020

Background

The discovery of the CRISPR-Cas9–based gene editing method has opened unprecedented new potential for biological and medical engineering, sparking a growing public debate on both the potential and dangers of CRISPR applications. Given the speed of technology development and the almost instantaneous global spread of news, it is important to follow evolving debates without much delay and in sufficient detail, as certain events may have a major long-term impact on public opinion and later influence policy decisions.

Objective

Social media networks such as Twitter have shown to be major drivers of news dissemination and public discourse. They provide a vast amount of semistructured data in almost real-time and give direct access to the content of the conversations. We can now mine and analyze such data quickly because of recent developments in machine learning and natural language processing.

Methods

Here, we used Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), an attention-based transformer model, in combination with statistical methods to analyze the entirety of all tweets ever published on CRISPR since the publication of the first gene editing application in 2013.

Results

We show that the mean sentiment of tweets was initially very positive, but began to decrease over time, and that this decline was driven by rare peaks of strong negative sentiments. Due to the high temporal resolution of the data, we were able to associate these peaks with specific events and to observe how trending topics changed over time.

Conclusions

Overall, this type of analysis can provide valuable and complementary insights into ongoing public debates, extending the traditional empirical bioethics toolset.