bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The importance of user-generated photos in restaurant selection
Authors: Oliveira Bruno , Casais Beatriz
Published: December 2018

Purpose

User-generated content and online reviews are highly relevant in purchase decision in the hospitality sector, including restaurants, but there is a lack of knowledge about the effect of sharing pictures in this context. This study aims to focus on the relevance of user-generated photos in online platforms for restaurants’ selection.

Design/methodology/approach

A research was conducted with a sample of 319 residents of Porto region, who had at least one meal in a restaurant over the 30 days before the answer of the survey and had searched online to select the restaurant.

Findings

The results show that while doing online research about restaurants, it is important for potential consumers to find pictures of food and physical evidences of restaurants generated by other users. Findings also show that consumers find user-generated photos especially at websites of reviews, although the importance of restaurant owned platforms, such as official social media pages and websites.

Practical implications

The research results appeal restaurant managers to understand the importance of user-generated photos in online platforms by promoting photo sharing in their restaurants with appropriate marketing activities for that purpose.

Originality/value

This paper expands the state-of-the-art about the importance of user-generated content, focusing on the importance of photos from restaurants shared by consumers in online platforms.
System and neural network analysis of intent to buy and willingness to pay insurance premium
Authors: Tolani Sanjay , Rao Ananth , Worku Genanew B. , Osman Mohamed
Published: December 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze significant determinants to assess the probability of insureds’ intent to buy (ITB) insurance and willingness to pay (WTP) quantum of dollars for security benefits.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use the Double Hurdle Model (DHM) and Neural Network (NN) architecture to analyze the insureds’ behavior for ITB and WTP. The authors apply these frameworks to all the 503 insureds of a branch of a leading insurer in the United Arab Emirates.

Findings

The DHM identified age, loans & liabilities, body mass index, travel outside the UAE, salary and country of origin (Middle Eastern and African) as significant determinants to predict WTP for social security benefits. In addition to these determinants, NN architecture identified insurance replacement, holding multiple citizenship, age of parents, mortgages, country of origin: Americas, length of travel, income of previous year and medical conditions of insured as additional important determinants to predict WTP for social security benefits; thus, NN is found to be superior to DHM due to its lowest RMSE and AIC in the holdout sample and also its flexibility and no assumptions unlike econometric models.

Research limitations/implications

Insureds’ data used from one UAE Branch limit the generalizability of empirical findings.

Practical implications

The study findings will enable the insurers to appropriately design the insurance products that match the insurers’ behavior of ITB and WTP for social security benefits.

Social implications

The study findings have the potential for insurance institutions to be more flexible in their insurance practices through public–private partnerships.

Originality/value

This is the authors’ original research work.
Effects of aperture on Marchenko focussing functions and their radiation behaviour at depth
Authors: Sripanich Yanadet , Vasconcelos Ivan
Published: December 2018

A focussing function is a specially constructed field that focusses on to a purely downgoing pulse at a specified subsurface position upon injection into the medium. Such focussing functions are key ingredients in the Marchenko method and in its applications such as retrieving Green's functions, redatuming, imaging with multiples and synthesizing the response of virtual sources/receiver arrays at depth. In this study, we show how the focussing function and its corresponding focussed response at a specified subsurface position are heavily influenced by the aperture of the source/receiver array at the surface. We describe such effects by considering focussing functions in the context of time‐domain imaging, offering explicit connections between time processing and Marchenko focussing. In particular, we show that the focussed response radiates in the direction perpendicular to the line drawn from the centre of the surface data array aperture to the focussed position in the time‐imaging domain, that is, in time‐migration coordinates. The corresponding direction in the Cartesian domain follows from the sum (superposition) of the time‐domain direction and the directional change due to time‐to‐depth conversion. Therefore, the result from this study provides a better understanding of focussing functions and has implications in applications such as the construction of amplitude‐preserving redatuming and imaging, where the directional dependence of the focussed response plays a key role in controlling amplitude distortions.
Urban Household Energy Demand in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Ajayi Patricia Iyore
Published: December 2018

In response to changing prices, incomes and demographics, household use of various fuels such as electricity, gas, kerosene and fuel wood have changed over the years. In this paper we estimate income and price elasticities of household demand for various types of energy in urban southwest Nigeria. Household micro‐data was collected via the administration of a questionnaire. Empirical analysis showed that all energy goods are inelastic for own price elasticities and cross price elasticities. Most of the cross price effects are negative values indicating complementarity between energy goods. This suggests that substitution possibilities between energy goods are quite limited. However, kerosene is shown to be the main fuel used for cooking by about 90 per cent of households; the use of LPG and electricity is minimal. The income group analysis further shows that kerosene is preferred across all income groups. Budget share allocations reveal that households allocate a greater share of their income (40 per cent) to kerosene consumption while LPG gets the lowest share allocation of (3 per cent).
Does Access to Finance Enhance SME Innovation and Productivity in Nigeria? Evidence from the World Bank Enterprise Survey
Authors: Adegboye Abidemi C. , Iweriebor Samuel
Published: December 2018

The primary link between financial institutions and economic performance is the provision of resources by these institutions to businesses in order to drive enterprise development. In this study, the role of access to finance in enhancing innovation and productivity among Nigerian small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) is investigated using the World Bank Enterprise Survey (ES) dataset. Access to finance is categorized as external and internal to the firm. Using the logit estimation technique, the study finds that ease of accessing bank credit is the strongest positive force in driving all types of innovation among SMEs in Nigeria. In the same vein, the source of investment financing matters in terms of how it affects innovation: both internal and external sources improve investment in product, process, and organizational innovation, but only external financing has a significant effect on R&D spending and use of foreign licensed technology. Overall spending on R&D is only driven by access to external finance by the SMEs. The study also shows that increased access to finance may actually lead to productivity decline among SMEs in Nigeria.
Measuring Technical Efficiency and Productivity Change in the Nigerian Banking Sector: A Comparison of Non‐parametric and Parametric Techniques
Authors: Osuagwu Eze Simpson , Isola Wakeel Atanda , Nwaogwugwu Isaac Chii
Published: December 2018

This study estimates technical efficiency and total factor productivity change in the Nigerian banking sector for the period 2005–14, which encapsulates the post‐consolidation era and subsequent regime of banking reforms aimed at stabilizing the sector from the effects of financial crisis. The study applies both non‐parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and parametric Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA), using the Malmquist Productivity Index, and error component production function respectively, to ascertain if any significant variation in efficiency exists on a sample of 12 banks covering over 80 percent of total bank assets in Nigeria. The theoretical intermediation approach is applied for selection of input and output variables. The input variables considered are total deposits, total equity and operating expenses including staff costs, and output variables are loans and operating income, which accounts for off‐balance‐sheet items such as non‐interest or fee‐based income. Findings reveal that the mean technical efficiency under SFA and total factor productivity change in DEA decreases as bank output moves toward non‐interest or fee‐based income. Although the magnitude differs, both SFA and DEA follow a similar direction for technical efficiency and total factor productivity change. Study implications suggest that policymakers should be concerned about arbitrariness in bank's ability to earn fee‐based income, which portends high cost of banking services in the long run.
Factors Influencing the Filing of Complaints, Their Investigation, and Subsequent Legal Judgment in Cases of Sexual Assault
Authors: La Harpe Romano , Burkhardt Sandra , Ricard‐Gauthier Dominique , Poncet Antoine , Yaron Michal , Fracasso Tony
Published: December 2018

In Geneva, examination of victims of sexual assault is performed by a gynecologist and a medical examiner. 48% of the victims file a complaint and we wanted to investigate the factors leading to file a complaint, those leading the Prosecutor to go to trial, and those influencing a conviction. Between 2006 and 2012, 676 victims of sexual assault were investigated (averaged age 26 year, mean 22). Information on injuries, perpetrators, and circumstances of the assault was collected and analyzed. The attacker being the ex‐spouse or a friend and the presence of semen were factors leading to file a complaint. The assailant being a family member or ex‐spouse and the presence of genital/anal lesions were factors influencing the Prosecutor. The presence of nongenital lesions, the assailant being known by the victim, influenced conviction. This study shows that the medical examiner plays a vital role in the investigation of cases of sexual assault.
Impact of radiotherapy on cardiovascular health of women with breast cancer
Authors: Lawrenson Ross , Lao Chunhuan , Ali Ahmed , Campbell Ian
Published: December 2018

Introduction

This study aims to examine the impact of radiotherapy on the cardiovascular health of women diagnosed with breast cancer in the Waikato region in New Zealand.

Methods

Women diagnosed with stage 0–III breast cancer and recorded in the Waikato Breast Cancer Registry were divided into two groups: a radiotherapy group and a no‐radiotherapy group. Baseline characteristics and treatments were compared in the two groups. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed to compare cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Cox Proportional Hazard regression analysis was used to estimate the hazard ratio of radiotherapy on the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality while adjusting for other factors.

Results

A total of 3528 women were included in this study, with 2303 in the radiotherapy group and 1225 in the no‐radiotherapy group. At 10‐year follow‐up, 11.7% of women in the radiotherapy group and 19.4% in the no‐radiotherapy group experienced cardiovascular events. Only 2.3% of patients who received radiotherapy died of cardiovascular disease by 10 years compared to 7.0% in the no‐radiotherapy group. After adjusting for clinically significant factors, there was unexplained reduced risk of developing cardiovascular disease in the radiotherapy group compared to the no‐radiotherapy group (HR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.59–0.92). No significant difference was found in cardiovascular mortality between the two groups.

Conclusions

Radiotherapy appears less likely to be offered to patients at higher risk of cardiovascular disease. No evidence of increased risk of a cardiovascular event was found in the group of women with breast cancer treated with radiotherapy and current regimens appear safe. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors remain the main culprits in this setting. Clinicians should work with patients in managing these risk factors for optimal results.
Heterogeneous Dose–Response Analyses of Alcohol Abuse and Dependence
Authors: Gruenewald Paul J. , Mair Christina
Published: December 2018

Background

Survey‐based estimates of the prevalence of alcohol abuse, dependence, and disorders in the United States rely upon self‐reports of drinking patterns (e.g., binge drinking), social problems (e.g., trouble at work), physiological responses to use (e.g., tolerance), and desistance from use (e.g., withdrawal). Diagnostic criteria derived from these reports enable prevalence estimates of abuse and dependence, but moderating structural relationships among symptom groups may lead some light and moderate drinkers to appear to exhibit an alcohol use disorder (AUD).

Methods

A dynamic model of drinking and problems predicts that symptoms of dependence will moderate relationships between drinking measures and symptoms of abuse. Wave 1 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions data on DSM‐IV diagnoses of abuse and dependence were used to test predictions from this model and assess whether moderating effects were observed among lighter and heavier drinkers (those who drink 1 to 3 vs. 4 or more drinks on average). A dose–response model that accounts for other known sources of risk heterogeneity related to drinking and problems enabled us to test these predictions.

Results

As expected from previous work, symptoms of abuse and dependence and dependence criteria were nonlinearly related to drinking patterns; more symptom reports appeared and criteria were met among less frequent drinkers who drank more on each occasion and this pattern of dose–response was substantially moderated among heavier drinkers. Controlling for these effects, relationships between drinking and symptoms of abuse were moderated among respondents who met more dependence criteria. These effects were observed among both lighter and heavier drinkers.

Conclusions

Moderating relationships observed between measures of drinking, abuse, and dependence criteria among lighter and heavier drinkers suggest that the same etiologic forces are at play among all drinking groups. Greater symptoms of dependence among lighter drinkers may lead to greater reports of symptoms of abuse and an AUD diagnosis.
Pitching research: ‘Qualitative cousins’, the ‘extended family’ and ‘living harmoniously’
Authors: Lodhia Sumit
Published: December 2018

This paper reviews Faff (2018) with particular emphasis on the Qualitative Pitch proposed by Lodhia (2017). In the spirit of constructive engagement envisioned by Faff (2018), the purpose of this paper is to revisit the Qualitative Pitch and to clarify any misconceptions or misunderstandings. This paper is not a critique but rather a reflective piece on the potential offered by the Qualitative Pitch as a viable tool for pitching qualitative research ideas. The basic premise of this paper is that the Qualitative Pitch, drawing upon Faff's (2015) pitching template, provides qualitative researchers with specific tools and a consistent framework for articulating qualitative research. It is therefore proposed that the Qualitative Pitch should be the used as the initial template for designing qualitative research projects rather than being transitioned to once a threshold barrier is reached.
Pricing of tobacco products during, and after, the introduction of standardized packaging: an observational study of retail price data from independent and convenience (small) retailers in the United Kingdom
Authors: Critchlow Nathan , Stead Martine , Moodie Crawford , Angus Kathryn , Eadie Douglas , MacKintosh Anne Marie
Published: December 2018

Background and aims

Tobacco companies claimed that standardized packaging, phased in/introduced May 2016–May 2017, would reduce prices and increase consumption. We: (1) describe changes in price‐per‐cigarette and price‐per‐gram during, and after, the introduction of standardized packaging; (2) describe price changes by cigarette price segment; and (3) analyse price changes by stage of implementation.

Design

An observational study, using electronic point‐of‐sale data, monitored price trends in three periods: (1) May–September 2016, start of transition period; (2) October 2016–May 2017, when fully branded and standardized products were sold and duty escalators implemented; and (3) June–October 2017, when standardized packaging was mandatory.

Setting

United Kingdom.

Participants

Small retailers (n = 500) stratified by region and deprivation. Data were monitored for 20 leading fully branded tobacco products [15 factory‐made cigarettes (FMC), 5 roll‐your‐own (RYO)] and their standardized equivalents.

Measurement

Price‐per‐cigarette and price‐per‐gram, based on monthly average Recommended Retail Price (RRP) and actual sale price, adjusted for inflation using the Consumer Pricing Index (CPIH). Net changes (£GBP, %) were analysed by product type (FMC versus RYO) and FMC price segment (value, mid‐price, premium).

Findings

Between May 2016 and October 2017, the average inflation‐adjusted RRP/price‐per‐cigarette and price‐per‐gram increased for FMC (all price segments) and RYO. For example, sales price‐per‐cigarette increased +4.64%, with the largest increases for value (+6.81%), premium (+5.32%) and mid‐price FMCs (+3.30%). Net sales price‐per‐cigarette and price‐per‐gram increases were largest in period 2, when fully branded and standardized products were sold and duty escalators were implemented (FMC = +4.70%; RYO = +3.75%). There were small decreases in sales price‐per‐cigarette and price‐per‐gram once standardized packaging became mandatory (FMC = –1.14%; RYO = –0.88%).

Conclusion

In the United Kingdom, the price of leading roll‐your‐own and factory‐made cigarette brands sold by small retailers increased as standardized packaging was phased in, with increases larger than expected through duty escalation.
Pill for this and a pill for that: A cross‐sectional survey of use and understanding of medication among adults with multimorbidity
Authors: Millar Elinor , Gurney Jason , Stanley James , Stairmand Jeannine , Davies Cheryl , Semper Kelly , Dowell Anthony , Lawrenson Ross , Mangin Dee , Sarfati Diana
Published: December 2018

Objective

To understand the challenges managing medication use and knowledge of people living with multimorbidity.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey of 234 adults with multimorbidity, identified using retrospective hospital discharge data. Participants were recruited from two primary health organisations in New Zealand.

Results

Three quarters of participants (75%) were prescribed four or more medications, and one in four (27%) were prescribed eight or more medications. Participants reported knowing what their medications were for (88%, 95% CI 81.4–93.8) and when to take them (99%, 95% CI 97.5–99.9). However, over a fifth (22%, 95% CI 13.7–30.4) reported some problems managing multiple medications, and 40% (95% CI 30.2–50.2) reported a problem with side effects.

Conclusion

The results highlight the need to consider how prescribing can be adapted for people with multimorbidity and move beyond the application of multiple disease‐specific guidelines.
Determinants of Shareholder Activism of the National Pension Fund of Korea
Authors: Lee Jaehyun , In Francis , Khil Jaeuk , Park Young S. , Wee Kyeong Woo
Published: December 2018

This paper identifies the determinants of shareholder activism of the National Pension Fund of Korea (NPF), and investigates its stock market reaction. In the case of article amendments, the NPF exercises its voting right actively when the firm has concentrated ownership, and does not belong to chaebols. The NPF is active when the firm has diffused ownership, and is not a chaebol affiliate if the agenda up for vote is auditor appointments. The event studies show that a long position in the NPF “Yes” vote stocks and a short position in the “No” vote stocks produce positive abnormal returns.
Histological and clinical outcomes of lateral sinus floor elevation with simultaneous removal of a maxillary sinus pseudocyst
Authors: Yu Huajie , Qiu Lixin
Published: December 2018

Background

Maxillary sinus pathologies are a potential risk for failure of implant and bone augmentation. Management of lateral sinus floor elevation in the presence of a pseudocyst remains controversial, and reports on histological outcomes of endo‐sinus bone augmentation with maxillary cysts are scarce.

Purpose

To present a modified surgical technique for removal of maxillary pseudocyst with simultaneous sinus floor elevation, and to evaluate clinical and histological outcomes of the bone grafting.

Materials and Methods

Patients with a radiographic dome‐shaped opacity in the posterior maxillary sinus were included to receive lateral sinus floor elevation with simultaneous pseudocyst removal. Bone core specimens harvested from the lateral aspect of the augmentation sites were histomorphometrically analyzed. Data were recorded and evaluated in terms of survival rates and complications.

Results

A total of 15 patients were included who underwent 17 maxillary sinus augmentation surgeries. Implant survival rate was 97.0%. Bone biopsy specimens were obtained at 6 months after surgery. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that mean percentages of mineralized bone, bone substitute, and nonmineralized tissue were 24.9% ± 18.1%, 14.4% ± 12.5%, and 60.1% ± 12.44%, respectively. No recurrence of the pseudocyst was detected on radiographic examination.

Conclusions

The described technique could be successfully applied in clinical practice to perform sinus augmentation in the presence of pseudocysts.
Could SUVmax be an auxiliary parameter in the clinical management of pulmonary hydatid disease?
Authors: Ozmen Ozlem , Tatci Ebru , Uslu Biner Inci , Findik Gokturk , Yilmaz Ulku , Erturk Hakan , Demirag Funda
Published: December 2018

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (FDG‐PET/CT) in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hydatid disease and also compare the morphological characteristics of the lesions with SUVmax values and identify complicated disease.

Methods

Thirty‐six patients with a diagnosis of pulmonary hydatid disease who underwent 18F‐FDG PET/CT imaging were included in this retrospective study. The size of the lesions, morphological characteristics, accompanying parenchymal and pleural findings, SUVmax and HUmean values and FDG uptake in mediastinal lymph nodes were noted. The relationship between morphologic properties, SUVmax of the lesions and lymphatic FDG uptake was analysed.

Results

A total of 99 lesions of 36 patients were classified as solid (7.1%), cystic (53.5%), semisolid (20.2%) and cavitary (19.2%). Thirty‐two of the lesions were encapsulated, 38 of the lesions had border irregularity. Accompanying consolidation was present in 10 cases, bronchial obstruction in 9, pleural thickening in 28 and effusion in 3. There was positive correlation between lesions HUmean and SUVmax values (r = 0.285). SUVmax values were significantly higher in lesions with irregular borders, solid or semisolid type and presence of consolidation, bronchial obstruction and pleural thickening. Also more lymphatic FDG uptake was detected in this group.

Conclusion

Higher SUVmax values may be a useful parameter in the diagnosis of complicated pulmonary hydatid disease. FDG‐PET may provide guidance for determining the priority of lesion for surgery in cases with multiple lesions and may be helpful to evaluate the response to medical treatment.
Extra‐gastrointestinal stromal tumours displaying pure epithelioid cytomorphology are a diagnostic challenge on cytology smears
Authors: Rekhi Bharat
Published: December 2018

Descriptions of the cytomorphologic features of Extra‐gastrointestinal stromal tumor (EGIST) are limited, especially ‘pure’ epithelioid EGISTS. The present study includes cytomorphological profile of two cases of EGIST confirmed by CKIT and DOG1 immunostaining, the latter on cell block preparation.
Cytomorphological features of atypical polypoid adenomyoma of the endometrium
Authors: Arimoto Tomoko , Ishida Mitsuaki , Ebisu Yusuke , Sandoh Kaori , Okano Kimiaki , Mizokami Tomomi , Kita Masato , Okada Hidetaka , Tsuta Koji
Published: December 2018

This study highlights the cytomorphological features of atypical polypoid adenomyoma (APAM). Squamous morules and/or short fascicles of spindle cells were found in five of the six cases. A combination of cytomorphological features can lead to a suspicion of APAM and avoid an overdiagnosis as endometrioid carcinoma.
Broncho‐alveolar lavage in a retro‐positive man
Authors: Zaidi Ariba , Gupta Parikshaa , Agarwal Ritesh , Rajwanshi Arvind
Published: December 2018

Leishmania is a protozoan parasite that can cause cutaneous as well as visceral disease in humans. Leishmania has been rarely demonstrated in broncho‐alveolar lavage (BAL), there being only a few case reports in the literature. Herein, we present a case of a young retro‐positive male with fever and cough, in whom a diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis was established on BAL cytology.
Using subjective expectations to model the neural underpinnings of proactive inhibition
Authors: Pas Pascal , Plessis Stefan Du , van den Munkhof Hanna E. , Gladwin Thomas E. , Vink Matthijs
Published: December 2018

Proactive inhibition – the anticipation of having to stop a response – relies on objective information contained in cue‐related contingencies in the environment, as well as on the subjective interpretation derived from these cues. To date, most studies of brain areas underlying proactive inhibition have exclusively considered the objective predictive value of environmental cues, by varying the probability of stop‐signals. However, by only taking into account the effect of different cues on brain activation, the subjective component of how cues affect behavior is ignored. We used a modified stop‐signal response task that includes a measurement for subjective expectation, to investigate the effect of this subjective interpretation. After presenting a cue indicating the probability that a stop‐signal will occur, subjects were asked whether they expected a stop‐signal to occur. Furthermore, response time was used to retrospectively model brain activation related to stop‐expectation. We found more activation during the cue period for 50% stop‐signal probability, when contrasting with 0%, in the mid and inferior frontal gyrus, inferior parietal lobe and putamen. When contrasting expected vs. unexpected trials, we found modest effects in the mid frontal gyrus, parietal, and occipital areas. With our third contrast, we modeled brain activation during the cue with trial‐by‐trial variances in response times. This yielded activation in the putamen, inferior parietal lobe, and mid frontal gyrus. Our study is the first to use the behavioral effects of proactive inhibition to identify the underlying brain regions, by employing an unbiased task‐design that temporally separates cue and response.
High‐density linkage map reveals QTL underlying growth traits in AP13×VS16 biparental population of switchgrass
Authors: Ali Shahjahan , Serba Desalegn D. , Jenkins Jerry , Kwon Soonil , Schmutz Jeremy , Saha Malay C.
Published: December 2018

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a native warm‐season perennial grass, is being considered as a feedstock for biofuel production in the United States. To expedite its genetic improvement and enhance genetic gain per selection cycle, application of marker‐assisted selection is indispensable. A high‐density linkage map was constructed in a pseudo‐F1 testcross mapping population of AP13×VS16, consisting of 349 progenies. A total of 8,757 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers generated through genotype‐by‐sequencing (GBS) were used to construct the linkage map. The total map length spans up to 2,540.2 cM with the marker density of one marker in every 0.25–0.34 cM. Spring green‐up (SG), days to flowering (FL), and the vegetative growth period (VP) data were analyzed and used for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping. The population showed significant variations and exhibited transgressive segregation for SG, FL, and VP. QTL analyses were performed using trait mean of each year and location along with BLUP (best linear unbiased prediction) values of the traits. A total of 35, 37, and 34 QTL for SG, FL, and VP, respectively, were identified. Phenotypic variability explained by each QTL ranged from 11.29% to 27.85%. The additive genetic effects of individual QTL ranged from −1.81 to 2.40, −6.12 to 7.58, and −16.01 to 6.38 for SG, FL, and VP, respectively. Comparing major QTL regions in the switchgrass genome, 20 candidate genes were identified which were reported to be involved in growth‐, development‐, and flowering‐related traits in switchgrass.
Body size, reef area and temperature predict global reef‐fish species richness across spatial scales
Authors: Barneche D. R. , Rezende E. L. , Parravicini V. , Maire E. , Edgar G. J. , Stuart‐Smith R. D. , Arias‐González J. E. , Ferreira C. E. L. , Friedlander A. M. , Green A. L. , Luiz O. J. , Rodríguez‐Zaragoza F. A. , Vigliola L. , Kulbicki M. , Floeter S. R.
Published: December 2018

Aim

To investigate biotic and abiotic correlates of reef‐fish species richness across multiple spatial scales.

Location

Tropical reefs around the globe, including 485 sites in 109 sub‐provinces spread across 14 biogeographic provinces.

Time period

Present.

Major taxa studied

2,523 species of reef fish.

Methods

We compiled a database encompassing 13,050 visual transects. We used hierarchical linear Bayesian models to investigate whether fish body size, reef area, isolation, temperature, and anthropogenic impacts correlate with reef‐fish species richness at each spatial scale (i.e., sites, sub‐provinces, provinces). Richness was estimated using coverage‐based rarefaction. We also tested whether species packing (i.e., transect‐level species richness/m2) is correlated with province‐level richness.

Results

Body size had the strongest effect on species richness across all three spatial scales. Reef area and temperature were both positively correlated with richness at all spatial scales. At the site scale only, richness decreased with reef isolation. Species richness was not correlated with proxies of human impacts. Species packing was correlated with species richness at the province level following a sub‐linear power function. Province‐level differences in species richness were also mirrored by patterns of body size distribution at the site scale. Species‐rich provinces exhibited heterogeneous assemblages of small‐bodied species with small range sizes, whereas species‐poor provinces encompassed homogeneous assemblages composed by larger species with greater dispersal capacity.

Main conclusions

Our findings suggest that body size distribution, reef area and temperature are major predictors of species richness and accumulation across scales, consistent with recent theories linking home range to species–area relationships as well as metabolic effects on speciation rates. Based on our results, we hypothesize that in less diverse areas, species are larger and likely more dispersive, leading to larger range sizes and less turnover between sites. Our results indicate that changes in province‐level (i.e., regional) richness should leave a tractable fingerprint in local assemblages, and that detailed studies on local‐scale assemblage composition may be informative of responses occurring at larger scales.
Could problem lists summarize comprehensive geriatric assessments? A nationwide cross‐sectional survey on geriatricians’ attitudes towards problem lists
Authors: Tomita Naoki , Kojima Taro , Ishiki Aiko , Ueda Juri , Numasaki Muneo , Okinaga Shoji , Akishita Masahiro , Arai Hiroyuki
Published: December 2018

Aim

The use of problem lists is encouraged to overcome the inconsistency in reporting comprehensive geriatric assessment results. The present study aimed to identify the latent variables influencing the use of geriatrician problem lists.

Methods

Surveys were sent to all geriatricians registered with the Japan Geriatrics Society (n = 1439) as of November 2015, and responses (n = 204) were analyzed with univariate and exploratory factor analyses. To account for active, inactive and tentative items, the survey addressed “disease,” “symptom” and “condition” separately.

Results

Most geriatricians (34.8%) composed problem lists for interdisciplinary information sharing. Nearly half of the respondents (46.6%) created problem lists for every patient. Information omissions were mainly due to the exclusion of information from other specialties (26% for omitted diseases and 12.3% for omitted symptoms), lack of time (25.5% for omitted diseases, 22.1% for omitted symptoms and 26.5% for omitted conditions), and lack of standardization of terminologies regarding observed diseases, symptoms and conditions (12.3% for omitted diseases, 19.6% for omitted symptoms and 16.7% for omitted conditions). An exploratory factor analysis, based on 20 predefined symptoms and conditions that are frequently omitted from problem lists, showed that considering the symptom “geriatric syndromes” and the condition “assistance needs in medication management” are crucial for improving problem list comprehensiveness.

Conclusions

Geriatricians commonly use problem lists; however, there is considerable variation regarding the problems listed and their relationships. The listings of “geriatric syndrome” and “assistance needs in medication management” are crucial for improving problem list comprehensiveness. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 159–164.
Hybrid high‐porosity rice straw infused with BiVO4 nanoparticles for efficient 2‐chlorophenol degradation
Authors: Channei Duangdao , Nakaruk Auppatham , Khanitchaidecha Wilawan , Jannoey Panatda , Phanichphant Sukon
Published: December 2018

In this work, the coupling of BiVO4 nanoparticles with a highly porous material derived from rice straw (BiVO4/RS composites) and the photocatalytic degradation of 2‐chlorophenol (2‐CP) in an aqueous solution was studied. The results indicated that BiVO4/RS composites possessed a monoclinic structure. The morphologies of BiVO4/RS composites consisted of spherical shapes of BiVO4 particles coated on the RS adsorbent. The specific surface area of BiVO4 increased from 1.9024 to 31.1153 m2/g after coating with RS adsorbent. A shift occurred in adsorption edge from 510 to 525 nm, corresponding to a reduction in band gap energy from 2.43 to 2.35 eV. The change in the optical adsorption edge and band gap of BiVO4/RS composites may simultaneously result to the duplication of a structure caused by silicon species in rice straw, which was expected to be self‐doped into the BiVO4 crystal lattice during synthesis. The photocatalytic performance of 2‐chlorophenol under visible irradiation clearly showed that BiVO4/RS composites displayed the highest photocatalytic activities in comparison with other pure samples, which were 2 times higher than that of BiVO4.
Immunoregulatory role of acid sphingomyelinase in allergic asthma
Authors: Sopel Nina , Kölle Julia , Dumendiak Sonja , Koch Sonja , Reichel Martin , Rhein Cosima , Kornhuber Johannes , Finotto Susetta
Published: December 2018

Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is one of the enzymes that catalyzes the breakdown of sphingomyelin to ceramide and phosphorylcholine. In this study, we aimed at elucidating the role of ASM in allergic asthma. We used an ovalbumin‐induced murine model of asthma where we compared wild‐type and ASM‐deficient mice. In wild‐type mice, secretory ASM activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was increased in the acute ovalbumin model, but not in a tolerogenic model. Furthermore, in the absence of ASM, the serum IgE level was reduced, compared with wild‐type mice, while an accumulation of interstitial macrophages and foreign antigen‐induced regulatory T cells along with exhausted CD4+ PD1+ T cells was observed in the lungs of ASM−/− mice. In conclusion, in the absence of ASM, we observed an accumulation of immunosuppressive antigen‐induced regulatory T cells expressing Foxp3 and CTLA4 in the lung as well as multinucleated interstitial macrophages and exhausted CD4+ PD1+ T cells associated with inhibition of serum IgE in asthma.
The q‐Factors and Macroeconomic Conditions: Asymmetric Effects of the Business Cycles on Long and Short Sides*
Authors: Min Byoung‐Kyu , Kang Jangkoo , Lee Changjun , Roh Tai‐Yong
Published: December 2018

We examine whether the q‐factors—the investment factor (INV) and the return‐on‐equity factor (ROE)—are related to the macroeconomy. We find reliable evidence that returns on INV are positively related to future economic growth. When conditioning on good and bad states of the business cycle, we show that returns on INV are significantly higher during good states than bad states. We also find that the conditioning effect of economic conditions on INV is asymmetric between long and short sides of INV. On the other hand, we find that returns on ROE are negatively associated with future aggregate earnings change. The relations remain robust even in the presence of business cycle variables and after controlling for the book‐to‐market effect.
Genetic population structure of Japanese river sculpin Cottus pollux (Cottidae) large‐egg type, inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences
Authors: Yamamoto Shoichiro
Published: December 2018

The geographic distribution of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes from Japanese river sculpin Cottus pollux large‐egg type (LE), collected from 55 locations in 22 rivers over most of the species’ range in Japan, was examined to assess for patterns of population genetic structure. The 87 haplotypes observed from C. pollux LE were distinguishable from C. pollux middle‐egg type and small‐egg type haplotypes from previously published research. Cottus pollux LE from each river were largely represented by diagnostic mtDNA haplotypes, with limited geographical associations of haplotypes, suggesting that each river must be treated as a separate management unit.
Topical hyaluronic acid in the management of oral lichen planus: A comparative study
Authors: Hashem Ahmed S. , Issrani Rakhi , Elsayed Tamer E. E. , Prabhu Namdeo
Published: December 2018

Aim

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic mucocutaneous disorder seen in clinical dental practice. Despite the progress in research and advances in knowledge, the successful management of OLP is still difficult to achieve. The aim of the present study was to compare the therapeutic effects of triamcinolone (TA) preparation (0.1%) with hyaluronic acid (HA) preparation (0.2%) in the management of OLP.

Methods

In total, 40 patients of any age or sex who had symptomatic OLP were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Group I received topical 0.1% TA, and group II received topical 0.2% HA preparation three times per day for a period of 4 weeks. Basement data were recorded for each patient. Patients were evaluated on days 14 and 21, and after completing the course of treatment. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used for evaluating pain and burning sensation, along with an evaluation of the degree of erythema and mean area of the lesion. Data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software using Mann‐Whitney and t test. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Our results showed considerable improvement in all of the parameters evaluated. Baseline characteristics, including pain score, size, and clinical characteristics of the lesions, were not different between the two treatment groups. Both TA and HA were found to reduce the VAS score, the degree of erythema, and size of the lesions after treatment.

Conclusion

The application of HA is suggested, and is an effective substitute for TA in the treatment of OLP.
Relationship between diet, atopy, family history, and premature hair graying
Authors: Acer Ersoy , Kaya Erdoğan Hilal , İğrek Ali , Parlak Hatice , Saraçoğlu Zeynep Nurhan , Bilgin Muzaffer
Published: December 2018

Aim

Premature hair graying (PHG) is commonly observed in society, but there are a few studies evaluating risk factors associated with PHG. We aimed to evaluate the socio‐clinical risk factors associated with PHG in this study.

Methods

A total of 1192 volunteers between 18 and 20 years old were included in this cross‐sectional study. Volunteers were asked to fill in a questionnaire on socio‐clinical risk factors associated with PHG such as smoking, alcohol consumption, diet preference, atopy history, and family history of PHG and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS).

Results

Three hundred and seventy‐seven (31.6%) of the 1192 volunteers had PHG. Vegetarian diet preference, atopy history, and family history of PHG were significantly higher in subjects with PHG. Mean body mass index (BMI) and PSS scores were higher in subjects with PHG, but was not statistically significant. In the ordinal logistic regression analysis according to severity of PHG, male gender, BMI, alcohol consumption, and history of paternal PHG were significantly higher and onset age of PHG was significantly lower in PHG group.

Conclusion

Our study is the first study reporting a relationship between PHG and diet. It may be possible to prevent PHG or reduce its severity with some lifestyle changes such as diet preference, having normal weight, and decreasing alcohol consumption.
Preventing intergenerational trauma transmission: A critical interpretive synthesis
Authors: Isobel Sophie , Goodyear Melinda , Furness Trentham , Foster Kim
Published: December 2018

Aim and objective

To synthesise and critically interpret literature of relevance to intervening in intergenerational transmission of relational trauma within parent–infant relationships.

Background

Intergenerational trauma is a discrete process and form of psychological trauma transmitted within families and communities. Intergenerational trauma can be transmitted through attachment relationships where the parent has experienced relational trauma and have significant impacts upon individuals across the lifespan, including predisposition to further trauma.

Design

Critical interpretive synthesis (CIS) was used. CIS is an inductive qualitative process that generates new theory grounded within reviewed literature.

Methods

The review commenced by systematically searching for literature on interventions for intergenerational trauma. As the core theoretical construct emerged, elements that may contribute to preventing intergenerational trauma were identified iteratively and influenced further searching. In the final synthesis, 77 articles were included from the fields of intergenerational trauma, trauma interventions and attachment interventions. The review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses checklist.

Results

The key construct is that prevention of intergenerational trauma transmission is the key intervention. The two contributing constructs were identified as “resolving parental trauma” and “actively supporting parent–infant attachment.”

Conclusions

Prevention is the most effective intervention approach for intergenerational transmission of trauma. Prevention requires trauma‐specific interventions with adults and attachment‐focused interventions within families. Preventative strategies need to target individual, relationship, familial, community and societal levels, as addressing and preventing trauma requires a multipronged, multisystemic approach.

Relevance to clinical practice

Systematic trauma‐informed attachment‐focused interventions in health and social service settings are recommended. There are opportunities to provide multifocal individual and relational interventions within existing services that work with parents to help prevent the likelihood and impact of transmission of intergenerational relational trauma within families. Nurses are well placed to provide preventative interventions in mental health, early childhood and primary health settings.
Patient‐reported effect of oral rehabilitation
Authors: Øzhayat Esben Boeskov , Gotfredsen Klaus
Published: December 2018

Objectives

To quantify the patient‐reported effect of oral rehabilitation and investigate aspects associated with this.

Methods

The patient‐reported effect in participants treated with fixed dental prosthesis (FDP; n = 72) or removable dental prosthesis (RDP; n = 58) was measured using the Oral Health Impact Profile 14 (OHIP‐14) and global oral ratings (GOR) of aesthetics, chewing and comfort before and after treatment and global transition judgements (GTJ) of aesthetics, chewing and comfort after treatment. Explanatory variables included gender, age, if a prosthetic replacement was present before treatment, type of prosthetic treatment performed, number of teeth replaced and zone of the teeth replaced.

Results

The RDP and FDP treatments both significantly improved the OHIP‐14 score with a moderate to large effect and most participants had good patient‐reported effect. The effect varied depending on the method used. In the bivariate analyses, the number of participants with good effect was higher in the RDP group than the FDP group when using the OHIP‐14 and GOR whereas the effect was higher in the FDP group when using the GTJ. Multiple regression analyses showed that poor chewing ability before treatment was associated with good effect measured by the OHIP‐14 and GOR and that poor effect in chewing ability and RDP treatment was associated with poor effect in comfort measured by GTJ. Functional problems after treatment were associated with no/poor effect.

Conclusions

Oral rehabilitation with fixed or removable prostheses in general yields good patient‐reported effect. Masticatory aspects highly influence the patient‐reported effect and treatment with RDP is associated with poor effect in oral comfort.
How Firms Develop Capabilities for Crowdsourcing to Increase Open Innovation Performance: The Interplay between Organizational Roles and Knowledge Processes
Authors: Pollok Patrick , Lüttgens Dirk , Piller Frank T.
Published: December 2018

In recent years, crowdsourcing has emerged as a promising open innovation strategy for firms searching for solutions to technical problems. Previous research has shown that crowdsourcing can provide quick access to distant knowledge at relatively low costs, when compared to other forms of innovation governance such as internal sourcing or contract research. Recent studies, however, indicate that firms differ considerably in their ability to reap the benefits from crowdsourcing. Drawing upon recent work on the microfoundations of capabilities, we hypothesize how three types of lower level organizational elements may affect gains from crowdsourcing: informal organizational roles, formal organizational roles, and knowledge processes. Following a mixed‐method research design and drawing on rich quantitative and qualitative data, we find that informal and formal organizational roles work through processes of knowledge articulation and codification in developing a firm’s crowdsourcing capability. By going beyond the direct effects of the three antecedents, our research sheds light on the process of capability development for open innovation.