bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF BLACK CUMIN OIL ADMINISTRATION ON CORTISOL LEVEL AND LIVER HISTOPATHOLOGY OF HEAT STRESSED BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Hasan Denny Irmawati , Sugito Sugito , Sabri Mustafa , Hambal Muhammad , Balqis Ummu
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study was to observe cortisol levels and liver histopathology of broiler chicken that were treated with black cumin oil (BCO) under heat stress. A total of 15 broiler chickens were used in this study and divided into 5 groups, K- (without treatment), K+ (given heat stress), P1 (given heat stress and 0.56mL BCO/400kg body weight, P2 (given heat stress and 1.11 mL BCO/400 g body weight), and P3 (given heat stress and 2.22 mL BCO/400 g body weight). Heat stress was given for 5 hours with temperature range of 34-35° C for 7 days. Cortisol was measured using the cortisol enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Liver histopathology was stained with hematoxylin eosin and observed with electron microscope. The data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). This study found that application of heat stress to broiler chickens increased cortisol levels and induced histopathological changes in the liver. The BCO administration reduced cortisol level significantly (P0.05) in heat-stressed broilers. BCO administration also significantly  reduced (P0.05) the degenerative changes in liver histopathology such as fat degeneration, hemorrhage and necrosis in broiler chickens under heat stress, but did not significantly influence the inflammatory cells infiltration. As conclusion, BCO administration to broiler chickens under heat stress can reduce cortisol levels and minimize histopathological changes in the liver.
IN VITRO DEVELOPMENT OF Ascaridia galli EGGS INTO INFECTIVE EGGS AND LARVAE OF STADIUM 2 (L2)
Authors: Mubarokah Wida Wahidah , Kurniasih Kurniasih , Nurcahyo Wisnu , Prastowo Joko
Published: October 2023

The study aimed at finding out the development of Ascaridia galli (A. gall) eggs that were given aerator treatment and those without aerator treatment into infective eggs and L2 through in vitro culture. Each treatments has 108,000 eggs assigned to 8 groups of 1,000; 2,000; 3,000; 4,000; 5,000; 6,000; 7,000; and 8,000 eggs, respectively with 3 repetitions. Female A. galli were collected from the small intestinal lumen of naturally infected domestic chickens. The eggs collected from the uterus of adult female A. galli were incubated in sterile aquadest at ambient temperature for 45 days (without aerator) and 25 days (with aerator) to obtain the infective eggs and the L2. The number of the infective eggs and hatched L2 were counted under stereo microscope. Data were analysed descriptively. There were 97.740 eggs (90.5%) in the groups without aerator developed into infective eggs and 77,040 eggs (71.3%) developed into the L2. Meanwhile, there were 101,847 eggs (94.3%) in the groups with the aerator developed into the infective eggs and88.722 eggs (82.15%) hatched L2. It is concluded that the eggs collected from worms uterus had high viability and the aerator application shortened the developing period of the A. galli worms.
PENENTUAN WAKTU TERBAIK PADA PEMERIKSAAN KIMIA URIN UNTUK DIAGNOSIS KEBUNTINGAN DINI PADA SAPI LOKAL
Authors: Sayuti Arman , Alfian Herri , Armansyah T. , S Syafruddin , Siregar Tongku Nizwan
Published: October 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui waktu terbaik untuk mendapatkan akurasi tertinggi pada pemeriksaan kimia urin untuk diagnosis kebuntingan dini pada sapi lokal. Pemeriksaan urin dilakukan sesuai prosedur yang dikembangkan oleh Cuboni-Lunaas.Waktu koleksi urin adalah pada bulan ke-1, 2, dan 3 setelah inseminasi. Hasil positip dari pemeriksaan ditunjukkan oleh terbentuknya fluoresensi pada larutan. Hasil pemeriksaan ini dikonfirmasi dengan pemeriksaan kebuntingan secara manual. Akurasi metode diagnosis dengan kimia urin pada waktu pemeriksaan pada bulan ke-1, 2 dan 3 pasca inseminasi masing–masing adalah 75,0; 87,5; dan 100% untuk mendiagnosis sapi bunting dan 0,0; 100,0; dan 100,0 % pada untuk mendiagnosis sapi yang tidak bunting. Waktu pemeriksaan dengan akurasi terbaik untuk diagnosis bunting diperoleh pada bulan ke-3 sedang untuk diagnosis tidak bunting diperoleh pada bulan ke-2 pasca inseminasi.
PENGARUH INDUKSI EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR (EGF) TERHADAP PROTEIN Cx43 SELAMA EKSPANSI SEL KUMULUS
Authors: Umi Baszary Chomsa Dintasari , Sumitro Sutiman Bambang , Djati Mochammad Sasmito , Widjajanto Edi
Published: October 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh induksi EGF terhadap lokalisasi Cx43 dan gap junction selama ekspansi sel kumulus. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekspansi sel kumulus mempunyai signifikansi dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi EGF dan waktu kultur. Ekspansi sel kumulus diindikasikan dengan perubahan bentuk sel menjadi memanjang dan menyebar. Ekspresi Cx43 meningkat pada kultur jam ke-5 dan semakin meningkat pada kultur jam ke-10 dengan semakin padatnya protein pada badan sel. Pada kultur jam ke-15 terjadi penurunan ekspresi Cx43 pada badan sel. EGF berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan ekspansi sel kumulus tetapi tidak pada ekspresi Cx43 dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi dan waktu kultur. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi antar sel kumulus menurun, karena jarak antar sel yang semakin jauh.
MENCIT (Mus musculus) GALUR BALB-C YANG DIINDUKSIKAN STREPTOZOTOSIN BERULANG SEBAGAI HEWAN MODEL DIABETES MELITUS
Authors: E Erwin , E Etriwati , R Rusli
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui persentase peningkatan sel beta Langerhans pankreas yang mengalami nekrosis setelah diinduksi streptozotosin berulang.Tiga puluh ekor mencit jantan galur Balb-c, umur 12-14 minggu dengan bobot badan 30-40 g dikelompokkan menjadi 2 kelompok perlakuan.Kelompok I (KI)diberikan pelarut streptozotosin danKelompok II (KII) diberikan streptozotosin dengan dosis 40 mg/kg bb dalam 50 mM natrium sitrat buffer pH 4,5.Semua perlakuan diberikan secara intraperitoneum selama 5 hari berturut-turut. Pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah dan berat badan dilakukan pada hari ke-0, 7, 14, 21, dan 28 sesudah pemberian perlakuan. Hewan percobaan dari masing-masing kelompok dieutanasiasebanyak 2 ekor pada hari ke-7, 14, 21, dan 28 setelah pemberian perlakuan untuk pewarnaan Gomori. Data pengamatan berat badan adalah42,86±2,3 vs 32,78±7,4 gdan kadar glukosa darah puasa 95,89±2,5 vs 255,77±87,60 mg/dl menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan (P0,05) antara kedua kelompok perlakuan, sedangkan persentase sel beta yang mengalami nekrosis antara kedua kelompok perlakuan 4,57±0,47 vs 64,11±4,10juga menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan (P0,05). Induksi dosis rendah streptozotosin secara berulang dapat menyebabkan peningkatan persentase nekrosis sel beta Langerhans pankreas.
KAJIAN KEMAMPUAN SELEDRI (Apium graveolens Linn.) SEBAGAI HERBAL ANTISTRES PADA TIKUS WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Y Yusni , Puteh Ibrahim
Published: October 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui, mengkaji, dan menganalisis potensi seledri sebagai herba antistres dan imunomodulator dengan

cara menghambat sekresi kortisol plasma pada tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang diinduksi kejutan listrik. Penelitian ini merupakan

penelitian eksperimental laboratoris, pre and postest with control group design. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 13 ekor tikus Wistar yang dibagi

dalam 3 kelompok: P0, kelompok kontrol (kejutan listrik); P1, kejutan listrik + ekstrak seledri 0,14 mg; dan P2, kejutan + ekstrak seledri 0,72

mg. Kejutan listrik dan ekstrak seledri masing-masing diberikan selama 7 hari. Kadar kortisol diukur menggunakan metode enzyme-linked

immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Analisis data menggunakan uji analisis varian satu arah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata

kadar kortisol serum kelompok P0 sebelum dan setelah diberikan perlakuan mengalami peningkatan, sedangkan kelompok P1 dan P2 mengalami

penurunan (P0= 1,88 vs 3,65; P1= 4,59 vs 2,63 dan P2= 3,00 vs 2,99). Pemberian ekstrak seledri cenderung menurunkan kadar kortisol serum

meskipun secara statistik tidak berbeda secara signifikan (P>0,05). Disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak seledri belum sepenuhnya berperan sebagai

herbal antistres pada tikus Wistar yang mengalami stres.
SUPLEMEN BUNGKIL INTI SAWIT TEPUNG DAUN KATUK BERPOTENSI MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS SPERMATOZOA PADA KAMBING PERANAKAN ETTAWA
Authors: Akmal Muslim , Reza Ferasyi Teuku , Budiman Hamdani , R Razali , A Azhari , A Anwar , Aji Pamungkas Fitra , Nasution Saddat , Armansyah T. , Hambal Muhammad , S Syafruddin , Sayuti Arman
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian suplemen bungkil inti sawit (BIS), tepung daun katuk (KAT), dan kombinasi

bungkil inti sawit dan tepung daun katuk (BISKAT) terhadap peningkatan kualitas spermatozoa kambing jantan peranakan Ettawa (PE). Dalam

penelitian ini digunakan 20 ekor kambing jantan PE, berumur 1,5 tahun dengan berat badan antara 15 -20 kg dan dibagi atas empat kelompok

yakni P0, P1, P2, dan P3 yang masing-masing diberi akuades, BIS 100 g/hari/ekor, kombinasi BIS 100 g/hari/ekor dan KAT 15 g/hari/ekor, dan

KAT 15 g/hari/ekor. Pemberian perlakuan dilakukan selama 35 hari. Pada hari ke-36 dilakukan kastrasi dan selanjutnya dilakukan pemeriksaan

kualitas spermatozoa yang meliputi motilitas, viabilitas, integritas membran, dan abnormalitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian

suplemen kombinasi BISKAT dapat meningkatkan motilitas, viabilitas, integritas membran, dan menurunkan abnormalitas spermatozoa

dibanding kelompok kontrol. Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian suplemen kombinasi BISKAT berpotensi meningkatkan kualitas spermatozoa

kambing PE.
PROFIL DARAH TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DIINFEKSIKAN Trypanosoma evansi DAN DIBERIKAN EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG JALOH (Salix tetrasperma Roxb)
Authors: Fahrimal Yudha , E Eliawardani , Rafina Afira , Azhar Al , Asmilia Nuzul
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran darah (hematokrit, eritrosit, leukosit, dan diferensial leukosit) tikus yang diinfeksi Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) dan diberi ekstrak kulit batang jaloh (Salix tetrasperma Roxb). Duapuluh lima ekor tikus jantan dibagi secara acak ke dalam 5 kelompok perlakuan yang masing-masing terdiri atas 5 ekor tikus. Kelompok 0 (K0) tanpa perlakuan, kelompok I (K1) hanya diinfeksikan dengan 103 T. evansi, kelompok II (K2) diinfeksikan dengan 103T. evansi dan diberikan ekstrak kulit batang jaloh 30 mg/kg bobot badan, kelompok III (K3) diinfeksikan 103 T. evansi dan diberikan ekstrak kulit batang jaloh 45 mg/kg bobot badan, dan kelompok IV (K4) diinfeksi dengan 103 T. evansi dan diberikan ekstrak kulit batang jaloh 60 mg/kg bobot badan. Infeksi T. evansi dilakukan secara intraperitoneal sedangkan ekstrak diberikan secara oral selama 3 hari berturut-turut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata ± SD nilai hematokrit dan eritrosit tikus dari K1, K2, K3 dan K4 lebih rendah dari K0. Sebaliknya, rata-rata ± SD jumlah leukosit (103/µl) lebih tinggi dari K0. Diferensial leukosit menunjukkan jumlah masing-masing sel leukosit semua tikus dalam kelompok perlakuan meningkat setelah pemberian ekstrak kulit batang jaloh kecuali eosinofil dan limfosit yang justru menurun. Dari penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa Infeksi T. evansi menurunkan kadar hematokrit dan eritrosit namun meningkatkan kadar leukosit tikus dan pemberian ekstrak kulit batang jaloh dosis rendah dalam waktu yang singkat mampu mengembalikan profil darah tikus mendekati nilai normal.
12. Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Siamih Leaf (Ageratum conyzoides) on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria
Authors: Hayati Divina Dinda , Herrialfian Herrialfian , Isa M. , Darmawi Darmawi , Fakhrurrazi Fakhrurrazi , Harris Abdul
Published: October 2023

The aim of this research is to know the effect of siamih leaf ethanol extract (Ageratum conyzoides) on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The bacteria which is  used are obtained from the Microbiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Syiah Kuala University on isolate bacteria of the honey bear wound (Helarctos malayanus). Bacterial identification is done by culturing the isolate on lateral NA media then it is planted on MSA media and  staining Gram, catalase test and hemolysis test. The extraction is done by maceration with 96% ethanol solvent. Extract of Siamih leaf  is done by phytochemical test. The results of pythritic test of Siamih leaf show that Siamih leaf contains alkaloid compounds, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids and tannins. The extract concentration which is used is 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%. Nergative control by using aquades and positive controls using Amoxicillin with three repetitions. The method used is disc diffusion or Kirby-Bauer method. The results show that Siamih leaf ethanol extract inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria at concentrations of 20% (0,7 mm), 40% (1,4 mm), 60% (2,2 mm), and 80 % (3,0 mm). Thus it can be concluded that the extract of siamih leaf ethanol has inhibitory power to Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with low category.
1. Implementation Assessment of Animal Welfare on Poultry Slaughter House in Kisaran City Asahan District
Authors: Yuandi Ridho Akbar , Adam Mulyadi , Wahyuni Sri
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to assess the concept of animal welfare implementation aspects in poultry slaughterhouse at Bakti Market, Kartini Market, and Diponegoro Market in Kisaran city Asahan District Sumatra Utara Province. This research was conducted using direct observation and interview methods using a structured questionnaire based on animal welfare aspects. There were three aspects assessed in this study, which are transportation aspects, shelter aspects, and slaughter aspects. The results of this study showed that the three aspects of animal welfare in a poultry slaughterhouse in Kisaran City had not been applied positively.
9. The Effectivity of Health Counseling To The Increase of Knowledge In Preventing Iron Deficiency Anemia In Pregnant Women
Authors: Darmawati Darmawati , Fithria Fithria , Wardani Elly , Saumiana Nia
Published: October 2023

Iron deficiency anemia is a leading cause of death as well as health problems in the mother and fetus. Impacts that can be caused include abortion, stunted fetal growth, preterm labor, antepartum bleeding, retention of the placenta, and preterm labor. Important information about reducing anemia which can reduce the incidence. One effort that can be done is with health education. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of health education on increasing knowledge in anemia of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women. This type of research is an experimental study with the design of one group pre-test post-test. The sampling technique in this study is the quota sampling of 50 respondents. Data collection was carried out using questionnaire sheets and analyzing data using the Wilcoxon sign test. The results showed that health counseling was effective to increase the knowledge of the respondents (0,000),with the difference between pre-test and post-test, which was 3.02. It is expected for health workers to increase health education related to anemia in pregnant women, so they have good knowledge to avoid this.
5. Antimicrobial Activity of Balakacida (Chromolaena odorata) Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Aceh Besar Against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Sari Wahyu Eka , Darmawi Darmawi , Wianda Morizka , Erina Erina , Zamzami Rumi Sahara , Hambal Muhammad , Salim M. Nur , Hennivanda Hennivanda , Lubis Triva Murtina
Published: October 2023

This study aims to isolate the balakacida (Chromolaena odorata) endophytic bacteria from Aceh Besar and to test its antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Balakacida leaf samples were isolated and purified using nutrient agar (NA) media, followed by morphological observations and antimicrobial in vitro tests using a disk diffusion assay (Kirby Bauer). The results showed that a total of 50 endophytic bacterial colonies were isolated from the balakacida and 12 selected endophytic bacterial isolates had different morphologies from cream to yellowish cream color, then after antagonist test directly screening obtained four endophytic bacterial isolates which had the potential as antimicrobial. The results of in vitro antimicrobial tests showed that the four isolates of balakacida endophytic bacteria (BEA-1, BEA-2, BEA-3, and BEA-4) were able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria S. aureus and P. aeruginosa with the diameter of the zone of inhibition was 16.03 mm - 19.75 mm (medium inhibition category) and 15.35 mm - 21.24 mm (weak to strong inhibition category), respectively. Based on these results, it can be concluded that BEA-2 isolate has the strongest inhibition of 21.24 mm, so that it has the potential as an antimicrobial candidate for P. aeruginosa and can be used as an alternative antimicrobial product.
8. Identification of Parasites on the Shark Fish (Selachimorpha) in Peunayong Fish Market Banda Aceh City
Authors: Bakri Muttaqien , Asy’ari Iraidi Muharrir , Eliawardani Eliawardani , Hambal Muhammad , Winaruddin Winaruddin , Darmawi Darmawi , Azhari Azhari , Novita Andi
Published: October 2023

This study aims to identify ectoparasites and endoparasites in the Peunayong Fish Market, Banda Aceh City. The number of shark samples used in this study was 10 which were taken randomly. Parasitic examination is carried out on the surface of the body by means of scraping and natively. While examination of the visceral organs of fish by necropsy. Parasite identification was done by microscopic. The results showed that the Chilodonella sp. parasite infected the stingrays  of 10 sharks examined. The parasite species that infects sharks (Selachimorpha) in the Peunayong Fish Market in Banda Aceh City is Chilodonella sp, including the ectoparasite category that infects shark skin with a prevalence rate of 6.67%.
1. Diversity of Parasites on the Garing Fish (Tor tambroides) in Jorong Ikan Banyak River, Gunuang Omeh Subdistrict, Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatera Province
Authors: Nofila Zulhamezi , Fahrimal Yudha , Daud Razali
Published: October 2023

The study aims to determine diversity of parasites that infect garing fish and determine their prevalence. A total of 50 garing fish samples were taken from three places, 17 fishes from the forbidden pool of Lubuk Sati, 16 fishes from the forbidden pool of Batu Subalah and 17 fishes from the forbidden pool of Lubuk Pinang along the Jorong Ikan Banyak River, Gunuang Omeh Subdistricts, Lima Puluh Kota Regency West Sumatra Province. Garing fish sample were examined in the parasitology laboratory of Bukittinggi Veterinary institute for examination of ectoparasites and endoparasites, using the natif method. The result research found that five ectoparasites that infect the garing fish is Dactylogyrus sp. was found on the gills with 38.1% prevalence, Gyrodactylus sp. was found in fins and mucus with a prevalence of 14%, Ichtyopthirius multifiliis was found in gill, mucus and fins with 36.7% prevalence, Trichodina sp. was found in the fins and mucus with a prevalence of 5.9%, Argulus sp. found on fins and mucus with a prevalence of  7.% and there are two endoparasites that infect the garing fish they are Camallanus sp. in the intestine with a prevalence of 7.9%  and Capillaria sp. in intestine with  prevalence of 10.1%.
9. The Effect Of L-Arginine On Decreasing Foam Cell Development Post Surgical Embolectomy With Fogarty Balloon Catheter On Iliac Arteries Of Rabbit
Authors: Maulana Firdausy Kurnia , Sidik Romziah , Rai Widjaja Ngakan Made
Published: October 2023

Vascular injury caused by Fogarty balloon cathetering lead on endothelial dysfunction and trigger the development of foam cell, early atherosclerosis plaque. L-Arginine, as a nitric oxide precursor, has shown to decrease foam cell development. The aim of this study is to prove the effect of L-Arginine on decreasing the amount of foam cell post surgical embolectomy with Fogarty balloon catheter on iliac arteries of rabbit. Sixteen male rabbits were randomized divided into two group of treatment (n=8). After surgical embolectomy in right iliac artery has done, rabbits were fed standard ration (T0) and standard ration with oral L-Arginine (T1). At 28 days after surgical embolectomy, necropsy was done and foam cells were counted. Vascular injury by Fogarty balloon catheter resulted in the development of foam cells both in T0 (13.38 ±14.64) and T1(1.49 ± 1.20). Unpaired t test result showed not significant different (p0.05). The conclusion of this research is L-Arginine reduces the amount of foam cell post surgical embolectomy with Fogarty balloon catheter on iliac arteries of rabbit, however statistical test did not show any difference.
12. Inventory Of Coast Birds In Coast Coast Beach Village Liang, Central Maluku Regency
Authors: Sunaryo Sunaryo , Moniharapon M. , Eddy La
Published: October 2023

A total of 437 bird species out of 1771 bird species found in Indonesia are protected birds. Birds need and choose certain places to eat, nest, lay eggs, grow up and protect itself from predators). Habitat selection by shorebirds both daily and seasonal is closely related to changes in habitat Coastal waters are wetlands as important habitats for shorebirds such as breeding grounds, nesting, raising their offspring, looking for food, drinking water sources, shelter and social interaction. The presence of shorebirds in wetlands is influenced by many factors including availability, height and water quality, food availability, shelter, nesting and predators The human presence becomes a very important factor for shorebirds, such as in the village liang beach. Liang village beach has been used as a tourist area on the island of Ambon. This beach is a habitat for shorebirds. Therefore, the presence of shorebirds is very important because it is associated with the development of a sustainable beach, especially towards ecotourism. This study aims to inventory the types of shorebirds that exist on the coast of Liang Village, Salahutu District, Central Maluku Regency, Maluku Province. This research was conducted to determine the types of shorebirds on the coast of the village burrow. The results showed that the number of bird species found at the station on the Coastal Coast of Liang Village were species of Pengalahan bird (Numenius phaeopus), Asian plover (Charadrius veredus), Great Kedidi (Calidris tenuirostris), Pantai Trinil (Actitis hypoleucos), Trinil Semak (Tringa glreola) ), Kedidi Putih (Calidris alba), Little Egret (Egretta garzetta). The number of bird species at station II is greater than station I and station III.
6.Detection of Escherichia coli Contamination in Vaname Shrimp (Litopenaues vannamei) at Fish Auction Place (TPI) Lampulo Banda Aceh
Authors: Fauzan Wilyo Hendro , Sari Wahyu Eka , Novita Andi , Jamin Faisal , Daud5 Razali , Rastina Rastina , Safika Safika
Published: October 2023

Shrimp is an easily polluted material, so it requires good handling. Contamination can occur during harvest, handling, or transportation. This study aims to detect Escherichia coli contamination in vaname shrimp sold at TPI Lampulo Banda Aceh. A total of 10 samples of vaname shrimp were obtained from 10 merchants at TPI Lampulo. The research method used is observational, and the data analysis is done descriptively. The detection of E. coli contamination was carried out by the total plate count (TPC) test method. Based on the study results, two of the 10 samples of vaname shrimp merchant detected E. coli bacterial contamination, namely the results of sample 01 merchant indicated the number of TPC 2x102 CFU/g and in 09 merchants indicated the number of TPC 11x101 CFU/g. The TPC results were indicated by the growth of E. coli colonies on eosin methylene blue agar (EMBA) media after incubation for 24 hours at 37 ºC. The number of the two detected positive samples showed less than 1x103 CFU/g by the provisions of SNI 2332.3:2015. Thus, it can be concluded that E. coli contamination was detected in vaname shrimp sold by the merchant at TPI Lampulo but did not exceed the SNI threshold, so it was safe for consumption.
The Effect of Cage Type and Age on the Blood Profile of Broiler Chicken at the University Teaching Farm
Authors: Vanda Henni , Yolla Yolla , Sari Wahyu Eka , Hambal Muhammad
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to investigate the blood profile of broilers at the University Teaching Farm with different type of cages, namely stage, postal, and closed house cages. In this study, 36 blood samples from boilers aged 10 days and 25 days old were collected. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein using a 3 mL syringe. The blood obtained was homogenized with an anticoagulant solution and analyzed using hematology Analyzer at Research Laboratory. The results showed that the highest number of erythrocytes of 10-day old broilers was found in stage cage, and at the age of 25 days, the highest erythrocytes was found in closed house cage. The highest number of leukocytes of broilers aged 10 days and 25 days were found in postal cage. The highest hemoglobin levels of broilers aged 10 days and 25 days old were detected in postal cage. The highest hematocrit value in 10-day-old broilers was found in closed house cage, while the highest hematocrit value of 25 days old broilers was in postal cage. It can be concluded that different type of cages and age have no impact on blood profile of broilers kept at the University Teaching Farm
Efficacy of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) Sap Cream on Total Differential Leucocytes in Inflammatory Phase of Wound Healing on Mice Skin (Mus musculus) : A Review
Authors: Bahittah Aufira Fildza , Salim M. Nur , Lubis Triva Murtina , Helmi T. Zahrial , Harris Abdul , Sari Wahyu Eka
Published: October 2023

A wound is a damage to the integrity of the epithelium of the skin. There are three phases of wound healing process, the first phase is inflammatory phase, the second phase is fibroplasia phase, and the third is maturation phase. Inflammation that occurs during the wound healing process should be limited because it would cause the wound to undergo an abnormal healing process and pathological inflammation if it persists. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) sap cream on total differential leucocytes in inflammatory phase of wound healing on mice skin. The method used was literature study using qualitatSive methods. Data used in this study refers to the result of studies which have been conducted and published in national and international online journal. Result of data analysis showed that Jatropha sap cream was effectively limiting and  inhibiting the leucocytes accumulation in inflammatory area and stimulated new blood vessels formation (angiogenesis) in inflammatory phase of wound healing in mice skin. Based on the result of this study, it can be concluded that the Jatropha sap cream could reduce the number of differential leucocytes in inflammatory phase of wound healing on mice skin.
Production Optimization Based on Inter-Well Connectivity Analysis Using Multi-Source Data in X Oilfield, China
Authors: Xin Xiankang , Liu Saijun , Ma Ruicheng , Yu Gaoming , Lei Zexuan
Published: October 2023

The importance of inter-well connectivity analyses as key aspects of production optimization research is evident. However, at present, research on inter-well connectivity mostly relies on experimental analysis or theoretical derivation, and limitations in data and methods cause difficulty in ensuring its accuracy. This paper took X Oilfield as its research object and applied a combination of experimental analysis, theoretical research, and numerical reservoir simulation to conduct research on inter-well connectivity and production optimization in X Oilfield. Firstly, the inter-well connectivity was analyzed via the use of inter-well tracers, interference testing, and chloride values. An inter-well multi-layer connectivity mathematical model was then established, and a solution was identified and verified. Subsequently, multi-source data obtained via experimental analysis and model calculation were used to comprehensively determine the inter-well connectivity in X Oilfield. Finally, based on an inter-well connectivity analysis using multi-source data, production optimization plans for X Oilfield were designed and optimized using a numerical reservoir simulation. The results show that wells C2058 and C2069 are well connected, and the inter-well multi-layer connectivity model and the inter-well connectivity analysis based on multi-source data are highly accurate. Increasing liquid production, fracturing, and cyclic water injection was recommended as the best production optimization plan, and it was predicted that within 10 years, the cumulative oil increase and net present value could reach 5.37×104 m3 and CNY 0.7×108, respectively. This study not only provides a reference for the analysis of inter-well connectivity and production optimization in similar oilfields but also has significant implications for improving the efficiency of oil recovery and alleviating production pressure in oilfields.
Full-Scale Reuse Treatment of Wastewater Produced by Oxidation-Absorption Technology of Tail Gas from Natural Gas Purification Plant
Authors: Tang Quanwu , Li Jing , Lin Dong , Chen Tianxin , Wang Yue , Zhao Liang , Jiang Guobin
Published: October 2023

Tail gas oxidation-absorption technology which has been applied in natural gas purification plants of the southwest oil & gas field company can get super low SO2 emissions that is better than the discharge standard (GB39728-2020) in china, but it produces huge wastewater. In this paper, the oxidation-absorption technology of natural gas purification plants was described, and wastewater-producing regularity and pollution characteristics were studied in detail. A full-scale reuse treatment strategy of the produced wastewater which was based on the sequential combination of disc-tube reverse osmosis and evaporative desalination at low temperature & low-pressures was proposed, afterward water quality of the wastewater before and after the reuse treatment was investigated. In addition, produced salts were explored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). With our proposed reuse treatment system, the chroma disappeared, and COD, BOD5, TOC, TN and SS decreased. Meanwhile, salts were produced after the evaporative desalination. They were characterized by FT-IR, SEM and EDS, and the results indicated that the salts were consisted of Na2SO4 but mixed with organic amines (i.e., amine-based SO2 absorbents). As a result, the produced water was reused by the current treatment system in a full-scale, and water quality can meet the national reuse standard (GB/T 18920-2020) in China, which is helpful for extending tail gas oxidation-absorption technology and reducing SO2 emissions in the world.
Maximizing the Value of Gas Lift for Efficient Field Development Plan Optimization Through Smart Gas Lift Optimization in a Giant Onshore Carbonate Oilfield
Authors: Su S. J. , Ismail A. M. , Al Daghar K. , El-Jundi O. , Mustapha H.
Published: October 2023

Conventional gas lift optimization methods in reservoir simulation prioritize naturally flowing wells over wells requiring gas lift to meet production mandates. However, maximizing the value of gas lift wells may unlock significant untapped reserves. This paper presents the application of a Smart Gas Lift Optimization (SGLO) workflow on a complex giant onshore carbonate oilfield to maximize production and recovery through an efficient gas lift optimization method.

The Smart Gas Lift Optimization consists in restructuring the well group hierarchy to define parallel structures for naturally flowing wells and gas lift wells to enable existing wells with gas lift to be produced with a higher priority, hence maximizing their production potential using gas lift optimization. Wells meeting certain conditions defined on production, gas-oil ratio, water cut, or pressure would be automatically assigned to the different entities of the gas lift group structure to maximize their production and enable the gas lift optimization mechanism to obtain the most optimal gas lift rate under the constraints specified.

The workflow was applied on a giant onshore carbonate oilfield with a complex structure and a very high well count through an automated tool that was developed for setting up the full SGLO workflow by automatically parsing reservoir simulation model input files and define the required group structure, along with all necessary settings for gas lift optimization and SGLO. Results between the non SGLO case and the SGLO case were compared to assess the difference in production between these two scenarios. The SGLO case provided a substantial boost to the total oil production compared to the non SGLO case and the duration of the production plateau target was extended further. The gas lift optimization allocation is effectively allocating gas lift even if the production plateau is already reached and proposing a gas lift rate allocation that maintains the existing gas lift wells alive and improves the total reservoir recovery while reducing by-passed oil in place. The allocation prioritized to gas lift wells significantly increases the value of the existing gas lift wells that are pushed to their largest potential, reducing requirements for infill drilling.

Although the Smart Gas Lift Optimization uses all the principles of regular gas lift optimization combined to an additional logic that triggers the gas lift wells to produce with an optimum gas lift rate based on an economic gradient defined. The tool was fully automated to apply the SGLO workflow in a matter of minutes even for a highly complex reservoir model.
Water Shutoff and Conformance Improvement for Lamadian Oilfield in Daqing Using a Novel Polymer System: Experimental Study, Simulation, and Pilot Tests
Authors: Lu Meng , Singh Harpreet , Li Jianshen , Huang Qiushi , Ma Chi , Shan Gaojun , Du Qinglong , Cai Meng , Wang Haitao , Liu Xiangbin , Qiao Yan , Chen Huan , Chen Zhao , Nie Cong
Published: October 2023

Primary recovery and extensive waterflooding lead to preferential pathway for the water between injectors and producers, resulting in low sweep efficiency and lower oil recovery. The Lamadian Oilfield in Daqing has been waterflooded for 50 years, where various methods have been tried to reduce the high water-cut. This paper presents a novel water conformance control system that has been successfully applied to reduce water-cut and increase the oil production from Lamadian Oilfield.

The polymer system containing swelling particles and delayed polymer gelling agents to form plugs and block high permeability channels was tested in the laboratory through sandpack and coreflood experiments at reservoir temperature using injection brine from the Lamadian Oilfield. With injection concentration of polymer ranging between 1200-4500 ppm and crosslinker between 1200-1600 ppm, the experimental tests showed formation of strong plugs in-situ with delayed time of 4-18 days. This system also had low polymer/crosslinker's retention.

The lab-measured parameters for rock-fluid interaction were used as input in a history-matched numerical reservoir simulator. Several scenarios with different injection schemes were simulated to investigate the volume of plugs formed, maximum distance travelled by the gelling agents from the injectors before forming plug, and their impact on the surrounding production wells. Simulation results showed that the formation of the plug was the most robust at the front of the crosslinker-polymer system, and the region between the injectors and the front showed formation of secondary plugs by the particles. An optimal scenario was selected for pilot tests.

Field tests for 2 well groups with a total of 16 wells started in December 2021 that were successfully completed by April 2022. Field test results show the targeted high-perm channels were blocked, resulting in a significant increase in oil production (up to 15%) in the majority (71%) of the surrounding producers and a drop in water-cut (1-3%). The oil production rates of the surrounding producers maintained a stable increasing trend, indicating the long-lasting effect of the plugs on the displacement of the remaining oil.

This work presents a novel polymer conformance control system with low injection viscosity, long and tunable gelation time, good plugging strength, and long-term stability under reservoir conditions to effectively shutoff high permeability channels/zones for robust in-depth conformance control.
A Dual Petroleum System in the Eastern Onshore Abu Dhabi
Authors: Zushi Takahiro , Tokuoka Shin , Shimomura Takahiro , Yamanaka Motoyoshi , Franco Bernardo J. , Al Shamsi Jawaher
Published: October 2023

This study focuses on new exploration opportunities in the northeastern onshore area of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi where few commercial hydrocarbon discoveries are reported until recently.

An exploration well newly drilled within the studied area has confirmed a total of five formations with oil and gas accumulations. A comprehensive geochemical analysis was conducted to identify potential source rocks and to correlate hydrocarbon with source rock. Furthermore, the effective kitchen and hydrocarbon migration/charging process were investigated by a simple 1D basin modeling approach. The key findings are:Rock-Eval pyrolysis suggests that at least three potential source rock formations are present in the (Cretaceous) Aptian, Cenomanian and Campanian. Any source rocks in and below the Jurassic are not fully understood in the studied area.Biomarker fingerprints indicate a possibility that oil in the Upper Cretaceous reservoirs and oil in the Lower Cretaceous reservoirs have been delivered from a different source rock and migration process.Oil in the Upper Cretaceous tends to exhibit a lower API gravity with no or trace associated H2S, suggesting an earlier-generated oil.Oil in Lower Cretaceous has a light to very light API gravity with minor to fair H2S content. This implies a mixed sourcing from a matured / gas source rock and post matured deep kitchen.

The findings tell that two independent petroleum systems are simultaneously effective in the area. An Upper and Mid System is shallower, providing an early oil matured system that creates mostly oil accumulations in Upper Cretaceous. The system is situated in a foreland basin associated with obduction tectonism in the Late Cretaceous to Tertiary. The older system is a deeper late/gas matured system that creates both oil and gas accumulations in the Lower Cretaceous. The system is associated with the thermal subsidence of a thick passive margin basin which ranges from the Permian to Middle Cretaceous.

The multiple petroleum systems in the eastern onshore Abu Dhabi region have been implied by a lot of evidence but have been less explicitly discussed. This study organizes the outline of these systems and delineates the potentialities for exploration and appraisal for the study area.
Comparison of an All-Electric Intelligent Completion System Versus an Electro-Hydraulic System, Under Similar Conditions to Determine the Best Well Completion Technology for an Intelligent Mature Injection Field
Authors: Sánchez W. , Ahmedt D. , Camargo D. , Guarin L. , Solorzano P. , Polania M. P. , Molina N. , Garcia M. , Rojas C. , Jimenez A. , Castro C. , Meneses G. , Clavijo O. , Leal J. , Herrera L.
Published: October 2023

This paper will present a performance comparison of two intelligent completion technologies installed in six existing water injection wells. The first technology is an intelligent completion system with electric valves and the second is a hydraulic valve system with an electro-hydraulic control system. For comparison, a total of six wells were installed, three with all-electric and three with electro-hydraulic, in existing wells with similar reservoir and injection conditions. Both systems included permanent fiber optics to calculate the injected flow in each zone in real-time. The main objective of the technology test was to define the best technology to develop an intelligent mature onshore field.

A total of six wells were selected: four in the Chichimene field and two in the Castilla field, both located in the Llanos Heavy Oil Basin in Colombia. In the first field, two wells used electrical technology and two wells used electro-hydraulic technology (one of the wells was installed inside 5-½" liner). In the other field, one electric and one electro-hydraulic well were installed. This distribution was made with the purpose of obtaining performance data for each technology in each field.

The six wells were successfully installed in a period of six months without cost and time deviations or HSE incidents. In general, the electrical system was more flexible during calibrations and installation, requiring less preparation and installation time. On the other hand, the electro-hydraulic system was adequate for wells with small diameters (5-½"), since electrical technology has not been developed for this diameter. When precision of choke position and fast speed of actuation was required, the electric valve offered the best performance.

The document will include details about technology selection, planning and installation process and the performance analysis obtained from each option during detailed planning, workshop and well-site preparation, downhole and surface equipment installation, and fiber optics calibration before injection start-up. The benefits and restrictions of each of the technologies will also be shown.
State-Of-The-Art Technologies and Engineering Approach to Production Logging of Penta Lateral Electrical Submersible Pump Driven Offshore Wells
Authors: Abdulghani A. J. , Muailu H. A. , Shurafa M. N.
Published: October 2023

As the number of multi-lateral complex wells and advanced completions deployment rises, the demand for advanced and reliable Coiled Tubing (CT) intervention and logging solutions is also increasing. Well complexity is associated with the number of laterals, extended-reach open-hole, complex well trajectories, and the use of advanced completions such as Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESP), Inflow Control Valves (ICV), Inflow Control Devices (ICD), and other completion accessories. This paper provides a comprehensive engineering approach for logging multi-lateral wells with slim ESP completions.

Technologies play a major role in enabling CT logging in complex wells. The state-of-the-art electrical CT multi-lateral re-entry tool is a key enabler to locate and access the laterals, and specialized logs are utilized to verify the location of the intended laterals. Another enabler in multi-lateral logging is the retractable logging tool, which provides flexibility to navigate across the open-hole junctions and windows, minimizing the risk of damaging the logging tools. The level of complexity increases when these multi-lateral wells are completed with ESP, especially in an offshore environment. Special tools must be used to pass through the ESP slim completion, and the CT Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) must be compact to comply with the offshore environment space limitation.

The engineering approach, through proper per-job simulation and risk assessment evaluation, besides selecting the right BHA tools, was an essential factor in completing complex logging operations safely and successfully. Moreover, a decision-making tree with live engineering support to guide the operational team to the right action played a role in a successful operation. Additionally, the synergy between engineering and operation is another aspect of success, to make timely decisions during the operation.

The presented state-of-the-art technologies and engineering approaches were proven effective in logging multi-lateral slim ESP completions successfully verified on a Penta lateral ESP-driven well.
Investigating Relationship Between Capillary Pressure, Phase Saturation, and Interfacial Area in a Three-Phase Flow Water-Wet System
Authors: Aljaberi Faisal , Alhosani Abdullah , Belhaj Hadi , Blunt Martin J.
Published: October 2023

Immiscible fluid displacement in porous media is encountered in many applications, including waterflooding in oil reservoirs, carbon capture and storage, groundwater remediation, and underground hydrogen storage. Displacement is controlled by capillary forces which is typically assumed to be a function of saturation (S), although the relationship is known to be hysteretic, in that the capillary pressure (Pc) is different for displacement where the saturation is increasing or decreasing for the same rock sample. A thermodynamically based theory predicts capillary pressure is a function of both saturation and specific fluid-fluid interfacial area (a). Recent advances in X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) allow for the saturation, capillary pressure, and the fluid-fluid interfacial area to be measured directly in situ on three-dimensional images of the rock sample and fluids. In this study, we investigated the relationship Pc-S-a in a steady-state experiment conducted on a water-wet Bentheimer sandstone. In our three-phase system water was the most wetting phase, oil was intermediate wet, and gas was the non-wetting phase. We examine the effect of introducing the gas to the water-oil fluid pair and the theory for water-oil and oil-gas fluid pairs. The main findings were as follows. (1) Introducing gas will push the oil to intermediate-sized pores while the oil also forms spreading layers, which results in no oil trapping; hence Pc-S hysteresis is not observed for the water-oil fluid pair compared to two-phase flow. Trapping has a significant effect on hysteresis. (2) The Pc-S-a relationship eliminated hysteresis and produced a unique three-dimensional surface, for both fluid pairs for steady-state conditions.
Quantitative Stratigraphy of the Early Jurassic Middle Marrat Formation in Kuwait: A Revival of the Epeiric Island Model
Authors: Poppelreiter Michael C. , Claps Michele , Rankey Eugene
Published: October 2023

Kuwait has some hydrocarbon producing intervals in dolomite and limestone reservoirs. Several of these formations were deposited in a dolomitized carbonate ramp environment. The Jurassic Middle Marrat Formation in Kuwait is one example of many found in the Middle East. A sweetspot study was initiated by KOC to increase gas production. Sweet spots are dolomite beds and lime-grainstone in places. Dolomite mineralisation in this formation is only present within bioturbated and microbial beds deposited that occur in backshoal and shelf depositional sub-environments and form stratigraphically in short transgressive pulses during overall regression. The 3D geometry of these dolomite layers is poorly understood, as individual beds are well below the resolution of the seismic data and commonly less than 1-2 m thick and thus at the limit of standard openhole logs. A world-class digital core data set provided a means to delineate dolomite bodies as part of an exercise to map out environments of deposition (EoD) for the first time within a high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework. Results reveal that the geometry of EoD's, as well as the dolomite layers mimic the shape of subtle structural highs and lows of the basement. These patterns of deposition and early diagenesis are interpreted to reflect ‘epeiric islands’. The architecture may be a common type of reservoir architecture in epeiric sequences in the Middle East. Structurally constrained EoD mapping is suggested to be an effective way of predicting the geometry of these potential reservoir layers.