bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ablepharon: Report of a rare case
Authors:   Ophthalmology Department, Hassan II University Hospital Center in Fez, Morocco, Hassan Moutei , Ahmed Bennis ,   Ophthalmology Department, Hassan II University Hospital Center in Fez, Morocco, Fouad Chraibi ,   Ophthalmology Department, Hassan II University Hospital Center in Fez, Morocco, Meriem Abdellaoui ,   Ophthalmology Department, Hassan II University Hospital Center in Fez, Morocco, Benatiya Idriss Andaloussi ,   Ophthalmology Department, Hassan II University Hospital Center in Fez, Morocco
Published: July 2021

Ablepharon is a rare, congenital pathology, characterized by the absence of the eyelids. It can be isolated or constitute complex syndromes with significant local changes that can affect the face, bone, genital system and skin [1]. We report the clinical observation of a 3-day old newborn with the following history: unsupervised pregnancy, unmedicalized home delivery with poor adaptation to extrauterine life.
Severe hypertriglycerdemia in pregnancy
Authors:   Department of Nephrology, St Johns Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India, Muralidhara Krithika , Dhareshwar Shashank ,   Department of Nephrology, St Johns Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
Published: July 2021

R31 year old female presented with abdominal pain and respiratory distress in the third trimester of her second pregnancy. Her blood workup revealed a lipemic sample (Figure 1A) due to markedly elevated serum triglycerides of 8178 mg/dl (Glycerol Phosphate Oxidase method). Total cholesterol and Low Density Lipoprotein were elevated at 1701 mg/dl and 788 mg/dl respectively. There was no family history of lipid disorders. Diagnosis was consistent with gestational hypertriglyceridemia with acute pancreatitis (Serum Amylase-50 U/L, Serum Lipase- 96 U/L), though genetic tests to rule out pre-existing primary hypertriglyceridemia was not feasible. In view of the life threatening condition, she was initiated on Insulin-Dextrose infusion and offered one session of Plasma Exchange. Figures 1B and 1C depict membrane plasma separation with the obtained effluent as lipemic plasma. Her serum triglycerides showed a declining trend and was discharged in good health (serum triglycerides at discharge-651 mg/dl).
A COVID-19 extensive bilateral pneumonia, variants ischemic heart disease, and Movable-weaning phenomenon of hypocalcemia or Yasser’s phenomenon; dramatic reversal at home management
Authors:   Critical Care Unit, Fraskour Central Hospital, Damietta Health Affairs, Egyptian Ministry of Health (MOH), Damietta, Egypt, Elsayed Yasser Mohammed Hassanain
Published: July 2021

Rationale: A COVID-19 is a recently infectious pandemic disease caused by a newly detected coronavirus. It is mostly presented with mild, moderate, or severe pneumonia. Interestingly, the presentation of COVID-19 infection with a newly ischemic heart disease have a risk impact on both morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 patients. The Movable-weaning phenomenon or Yasser’s phenomenon is a novel electrocardiographic phenomenon in hypocalcemia. Movable-weaning off an electrocardiographic phenomenon is a guide for both Wavy triple or double electrocardiographic signs. Patient concerns: An elderly female COVID-19 patient presented to physician outpatient clinic with extensive bilateral pneumonia and evidence of ischemic heart disease and Movable-weaning phenomenon of hypocalcemia (Yasser’s phenomenon). Diagnosis: COVID-19 pneumonia with variants ischemic heart disease and the Movable phenomenon of hypocalcemia or Yasser’s phenomenon. Interventions: Electrocardiography, chest CT scan, echocardiography, and oxygenation. Outcomes: Gradual dramatic clinical, electrocardiographic, and radiological improvement had happened. Lessons: It signifies the role of the anti-infective drugs, anticoagulants, antiplatelet, and steroids in COVID-19 with extensive pneumonia and ischemic heart disease patients are effective therapies. The presence of variant types of electrocardiographic ST-segment depressions in a COVID-19 patient is an indicator for severe specific ischemic myocardial insult. The dramatic reversal of variant types in ST-segment depressions in ECG may be interpreted as a coronary artery spasm. The presence of changeable Wavy triple ECG sign as a hallmark for the existence of the Movable-weaning phenomenon of hypocalcemia is recommended for further wide-study.
Lung abscess due to aspirated vomitus
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington DC, USA, Farooq Saad , Khan Ebrahim Hasan ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington DC, USA
Published: July 2021

Our patient was a 41-year-old African American male who came in with a cough, hemoptysis, and body aches for two days. He was vitally stable and physical examination did not reveal any abnormality. A Chest CT revealed a lung abscess at base of the right lower lobe. He was initially treated with ampicillin-sulbactam which was then converted to amoxicillin-clavulanate and he completely recovered on this regimen.Further history revealed that he was using marijuana and had an episode of vomiting which he aspirated and that was the likely cause of his lung abscess.
A benign rare intraabdominal lesion: Primary giant mesenteric hydatid cyst
Authors:   Department of Gastroentrological Surgery, Balikesir Ataturk City Hospital, Turkey, Duzkoylu Yigit , Kucuk Ali Imran ,   Department of Oncological Surgery, Balikesir Ataturk City Hospital, Turkey
Published: July 2021

Hydatid disease, mostly caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is a common parasitic infestation of the liver. In this type of infectious disease, humans are an intermediate host. Although most common sites are liver (70%) and lungs (25%), this parasitic tapeworm can be seen at any region of the body. Intraperitoneal cysts are usually secondary to the rupture of primary cysts, but primary hydatid cysts of the mesentery are very rare (%2). Herein, we aimed to report a giant primary hydatid cyst in a male patient, treated surgically without any complications.
Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder with hepatoid differentiation: A case report
Authors:   Antalya Provincal Health Directorate, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Turkey, Tas Selim , Eren Ali Erhan ,   Antalya Provincal Health Directorate, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Turkey
Published: July 2021

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma is a very rare disease and usually occurs in the stomach, ovaries and lungs. The term hepatoid adenocarcinoma was first introduced by Ishikura et al. in 1985 to describe a rare aggressive malignant neoplasm in the urinary bladder [1,3].
An adolescent patient with perianal herpes as a finding of child abuse: Case report
Authors:   Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Department of Child Health and Diseases, Ankara, Turkey, Uysal Merve , Arslan Melike ,   Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Department of Child Health and Diseases, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Ankara, Turkey, Bolat Ahmet ,   Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Department of Child Health and Diseases, Ankara, Turkey, Balamtekin Necati ,   Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Department of Child Health and Diseases, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Ankara, Turkey
Published: July 2021

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) type 1 and type 2, is transmitted via sexual or non sexual routes, leading to oral, genital or anal infections. HSV type 1 presents with oral lesions rather than genital lesions in small children. Therefore, in a child with type 1 infection in genital or anal region, the probability of auto-inoculation from oral lesion should be considered. As to genital or anal HSV type 2 infection is transmitted mostly via sexual route, non-sexual auto-inoculation not being described for it. Such infections detected in anal and genital regions in children suggest sexual abuse. The aim of this case report is to present and discuss an adolescent patient with herpetic vesicles in perianal regions who was subjected to sexual abuse.
Adult T cell- leukemia/lymphoma associated with HTLV-1 presenting as giant mass of the face
Authors:   Radiation Oncology Department, Military Teaching Hospital Mohammed V, Rabat-Morocco, Hadadi Khalid , Sifat Hassan ,   Radiation Oncology Department, Military Teaching Hospital Mohammed V, Rabat-Morocco
Published: July 2021

A 30-year-old Arabic woman of low socio-economic status, without medical history of HIV infection, presented to our department for neglected giant mass of the face evolving for 2 years. She was treated for long time with herbal traditional treatments, which explains the delay of consultation. Physical examination revealed a bulky tumor, of reddish-brown color, occupying the entire face below the franc, more lateralised on the left side. The right eye had restricted movement, while the left eye was fixed (Panel A,B). CT scan showed a nasal cavity tumour with orbital and maxillary sinus invasion, without intra cranial extension or distant metastasis. Laboratory testing was positive for HTLV I/II and she was negative for HIV. Surgical biopsy with histo-pathological study established the diagnosis of HTLV-1 associated adult lymphoma/leukaemia, with strong CD4 and CD25 antibody staining. She received chemotherapy with CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) regimen, but she died after two cycles.
Evisceration after vaginal cuff dehiscence: A case report and review
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Regional Health Management of Castilla y León (SACYL), Spain, De-Miguel-Manso Sonia , Viruega-Cuaresma Dakota ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Regional Health Management of Castilla y León (SACYL), Spain, García-García Elena ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Regional Health Management of Castilla y León (SACYL), Spain, Badillo-Bercebal Carmen E ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Regional Health Management of Castilla y León (SACYL), Spain, Escudero Victoria Pascual ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Regional Health Management of Castilla y León (SACYL), Spain, López-País María ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Regional Health Management of Castilla y León (SACYL), Spain
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Intestinal loop Evisceration (VE) complicates the 35- 67% Of Vaginal Cuff Dehiscence (VCD), constituting a medical emergency. In most cases, it is associated with genital prolapse in postmenopausal women with previous hysterectomy. Clinical case: 94-year-old patient with VE after VCD, associated with prolonged use of pessary as a treatment for vaginal cuff prolapse and enterocele, after laparotomic hysterectomy. Results: Vaginal repair was performed abdominally, due to the size and condition of the eviscerated loops, requiring intestinal resection. An omentum flap was attached to the vaginal cuff to improve healing and to try to occlude the Douglas space. Conclusions: VE requires vaginal, abdominal or mixed repair, generally deferring the definitive treatment of the prolapse to a second stage. We recommend being very careful with vaginal vault closure after any type of hysterectomy, avoiding electrosurgery, infection and bleeding, performing the colporrhaphy with bidirectional barbed suture or two layers with braided suture and facing enough tissue at the suture. Keywords: Vaginal evisceration; Vaginal cuff dehiscence; Complications after hysterectomy; Long-standing pessary.
Laterally located mucocele in a hyperpneumatized frontal sinus causing exophthalmos: A total endoscopic approach
Authors:   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Larissa, Greece, Maiou Charikleia , Korais Christos ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Larissa, Greece, Gkrinia Eleni ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Larissa, Greece, Saratziotis Athanasios ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Larissa, Greece, Hajiioannou Jiannis ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Larissa, Greece, Skoulakis Charalampos ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Larissa, Greece
Published: July 2021

Frontal sinus mucoceles are mucous secretory lesions within the sinus, presenting a slow – growing pattern, mostly behaving like a space-occupying mass with subtle symptoms until a bone erosion of the surrounding structures takes place. Intracranial and intraorbital expansion are regarded as the most considerable complications, demanding adequate surgical management in order to avoid recurrence. Endoscopic drainage is thought to be the current treatment of choice, with external approaches or combined approaches being considered for more severe cases where anatomy and disease extension restricts adequate endoscopic visualization of the lesion. We present a case of a 31-year-old female patient with a left frontal sinus mucocele, demonstrating with an unusual lateral frontal expansion and orbit invasion, causing exophthalmos and ophthalmoplegia. She was adequately managed by a Draf III endoscopic procedure achieving wide marsupialization and enough drainage of the mucocele. No sign of recurrence was noticed during the last 6-month follow-up. Giant mucoceles of the frontal sinus are a rare pathology. To our knowledge, endoscopic endonasal approach is a treatment modality that can provide an adequate drainage pathway, thus resulting in optimal clinical outcomes, compared with external approaches. Keywords: Frontal sinus; Mucocele; Exophalmos; Pneumosinus dilatans; Pneumocele.
Evaluation of the anti-diabetic activities of crude extracts of Annona muricata and Rutidea parviflora in alloxan-diabetic rats
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Johnson-Ajinwo OR , Berebari Kuebari Penuel ,   Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Published: July 2021

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM), is a malignant disease that has impacted the globe in astronomical proportions. Chronic hyperglycemia is a major condition suffered by patients with DM. Currently, the cost of managing DM is highly exorbitant and poses a significant obstacle to many living with the disease in developing countries. Thus, the need for affordable alternatives with optimum potency and minimal side effects is justified. Historically, Annona muricata is one plant that is used in the treatment of DM and a host of other ailments. Rutidea parviflora has been used in combination with other plants in the treatment of DM by some ethnic groups. The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-diabetic activities of these plants. Method: The anti-diabetic activities of aqueous and organic extracts of Annona muricata (leaves), and Rutidea parviflora (root bark) at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, were screened for their anti-diabetic activities in normoglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats (150-200 g) at 1h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h, and the 12th hour. DMSO (0.3 ml of 33.3% v/v stock) and Glibenclamide 10 mg/kg were administered to the control and reference groups respectively. Result: Organic extracts of A. muricata at 400 mg/kg significantly decreased FBGL in both normoglycemic and hyperglycemic groups by 65.9% and 62.1% respectively (P<0.05). R. parviflora leaves extracts showed less activity. However, it had relatively short acting activity (maximum activity at the 4th hour). In each case, the organic extracts performed better than the aqueous extracts. Conclusion: A. muricata has potentials for the treatment of DM, and merits further research to support the plant’s therapeutic application. R. parviflora may offer some beneficial effect, and possibly boost the potency of A. muricata by synergistic activity when co-administered.
A case of syphilis with an extremely high RPR titer
Authors:   Port Orange Internists, Port Orange, FL 32217, USA., Dabiri Luqman
Published: July 2021

It remains unidentified why this patient has an extremely high Rapid Plasma Reagin Titer (RPR) 1: 2048. A false positive result was ruled out by a Treponemal test. To ensure accuracy, repeat tests were requested for both the Non-Treponemal and Treponemal Tests in the same laboratory, and the results came back the same. In the Traditional Algorithm, Positive Nontreponemal Syphilis screening tests are confirmed by Treponemal tests, although the latter is not quantitative. The lack of full sensitivity in the Traditional Algorithm Testing has led the CDC and some other centers to adopt Reverse Sequence Testing. The resurgence of syphilis after 20 years could lead to mutagenic strain thus making it relevant for a need for heightened awareness.
The growing challenges of covid-19 for frontline workers in health facilities of Pakistan
Authors:   Cardiology Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, Rahim Komal Abdul , Lassi Zohra S ,   Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
Published: July 2021

The declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic on March 11, 2020, marked a life-changing disaster. In one-year people have started living a new normal, however, healthcare setups are still struggling to fight against coronavirus. On 26 Feb 2020, Pakistan confirmed its first case of the coronavirus when a student tested positive upon returning from Iran. As of 14 March 2021, there are over 602,000 COVID-19 cases, and almost 13,500 deaths have been confirmed [1]. Noncompliance with Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) followed by the lack of resources in public hospitals, is making the situation worse. Private hospitals are far better at providing quality care, but in the present time, even they have reached the maximum of their capacities in accommodating patients suffering from COVID-19.
COVID-19: From viral infection to pulmonary failure
Authors:   Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy, Department of Genetics, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil.  *Corresponding Author : C, Melo Cristiane Moutinho Lagos de , Antonio de Souza Silva Guilherme ,   Laboratory of Immunological and Antitumor Analysis, Department of Antibiotics, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil., Pedrosa da Silva Suéllen ,   Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil., Rodrigues da Silva Abdênego ,   Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil., Ferreira de Sousa Georon ,   Laboratory of Immunological and Antitumor Analysis, Department of Antibiotics, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil., da Silva Barros Bárbara Rafaela ,   Laboratory of Immunological and Antitumor Analysis, Department of Antibiotics, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil., Abreu de Aquino Rodrigo Cesar ,   Laboratory of Immunological and Antitumor Analysis, Department of Antibiotics, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil., Assunção de Sá Igor Wesland ,   Clinical Hospital, Department of Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil., Cunha Rodrigues Fábio Augusto da ,   Clinical Hospital, Department of Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil., Campelo Júnior Evônio de Barros ,   Clinical Hospital, Department of Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil., Freitas Antonio Carlos de ,   Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy, Department of Genetics, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil.
Published: July 2021

SARS-CoV-2 is a virus which promoted a worldwide pandemic outbreak in 2020. The virus is highly infectious and is able to contaminate a lot of people in a short time period. The disease promoted by the virus, named COVID-19, can cause different symptoms such as fever, cough, muscle pain, headache, prostration, diarrhea, neurological complications, dermic manifestations, pulmonary impairment, dyspnea, coagulopathies, organ failure, and death. Here, we show how the infection occurs and the major characteristics observed in the lungs of patients with COVID-19. In addition, we explored the immunological activation in this environment by the virus and some treatments used in the severe phase of the disease.
Incidental diagnosis of haemophilia: A case report of three cases following voluntary medical male circumcision in South Africa
Authors:   University Research Co., LLC (URC) & Center for Human Services, Pretoria, South Africa, Jacobs Donna , Visser Carla ,   RTI International, Pretoria, South Africa., Dikgale Freck ,   University Research Co., LLC (URC) & Center for Human Services, Pretoria, South Africa, Molepo Ngoanamathiba ,   Department of Health, Polokwane, Limpopo, South Africa., Mabuse Raymond ,   University Research Co., LLC (URC) & Center for Human Services, Pretoria, South Africa, Ndirangu James ,   Office of the Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Since 2007, over 15.2 million Voluntary Medical Male Circumcisions (VMMCs) have been performed in 14 sub-Saharan African countries for partial prevention of transmission of HIV. In South Africa, close to 4 million VMMCs have been conducted since the onset of the national VMMC program in 2010. Within this context, the occurrence of notifiable adverse events related to peri-operative bleeding occurs commonly. The ability to screen, diagnose, and manage these cases appropriately will mitigate associated adverse events. Aim: In this paper, we describe three cases of prolonged bleeding after VMMC procedure and propose program measures. Methods: Descriptive haemophilia case accrual at three sites implementing a PEPFAR- funded VMMC program. The cases were recruited consecutively over a 17-month period (May 2017 to September 2018). Standard laboratory tests were used to confirm diagnosis. Written assent and informed consent were obtained from each subject and their respective guardians. Results: A total number of 31 severe or moderate adverse events were reported of whom three 16-year-old clients from three different provinces in South Africa were diagnosed with Haemophilia post VMMC services during July 2018. Two clients were diagnosed with Haemophilia A and one client was diagnosed with Haemophilia B. Conclusions: Greater emphasis on training and placement of qualified health care workers for peri-operative screening as well as a high index of suspicion for pre-operative diagnosis and appropriate referral for bleeding disorders is highly recommended. Clinical VMMC protocols guiding post-operative wound management, adverse event management, active client follow-up and care need to be reinforced, with rigorous reporting. Keywords: Prolonged bleeding; Adverse events; Haemophilia; Screening; Bleeding disorders; Incidental diagnosis.
Eficacia y seguridad del peginterferón lambda para la Covid-19, indicios de un nuevo antiviral
Authors: Tuta-Quintero Eduardo , Martinez Ayala Camila , Santos Ana María
Published: July 2021

Introducción: Los interferones son una familia de citocinas que actúan sobre la respuesta inmune innata del epitelio respiratorio, lugar de amplia invasión viral como el SARS-CoV-2. Objetivo: analizar la evidencia médica publicada sobre la eficacia y seguridad del interferón tipo III en el tratamiento de pacientes con COVID-19. Material y métodos: Revisión exploratoria de la literatura que incluyó PubMed hasta el 10 de marzo del 2021. Se incluyeron registros de ensayos clínicos de la Red de Registros de la organización mundial de la salud y publicaciones teóricas y publicaciones con datos empíricos en idioma español e inglés. Resultados: Se incluyeron 16 publicaciones y 4 registros de ensayos clínicos. Entre los documentos incluidos se encuentran revisiones de la literatura (n=7), estudios in vitro (n=4), ensayos clínicos aleatorizados (n=2), estudios in vivo (n=1), cartas al editor(n=1) y artículo de posición (n=1). Los 4 ensayos clínicos registrados se encontraron en U.S. National Library of Medicine. Conclusión: Únicamente se reporta un ensayo clínico publicado que muestran beneficios del interferón tipo III en pacientes ambulatorios con COVID-19. Cuatro registros de ensayos clínicos en curso permitirán conocer más sobre la eficacia y seguridad del PGL-1.
Estimación de costos unitarios directos de atención curativa de dengue en Ecuador 2020
Authors: Guzñay Gómez C. , Peñafiel Tutiven N. , Cujilan Alvarado M. , Salazar Menéndez J. , Calderón Intriago L.
Published: July 2021

El dengue es una enfermedad viral aguda transmitida a través de la picadura del mosquito (artrópodo) Aedes aegypti infectado con cualquiera de los serotipos de virus dengue. Son virus envueltos, de 40 a 50 nm de diámetro, con cápside icosaédrica y genoma de ácido ribonucleico (ARN) monocatenario, no segmentado, de polaridad positiva perteneciente al género flavivirus de la familia Flaviviridae. El análisis filogenético de las distintas cepas del virus dengue indica que la diseminación global ha dado lugar a distintos genotipos dentro de cada serotipo. En el quinquenio 2015-2020, en Ecuador, se notificaron en toda la región 76.085 casos de dengue. La atención unitaria hospitalaria para el tratamiento del dengue de las unidades de atención sanitaria hospitalarias (A, B, C), generaron un costo total promedio de 498,04 $ con una desviación estándar de ± 40,36, en el Ecuador para el año 2020. Cabe considerar, por otra parte, que el costo unitario directo promedio en ($) de la atención sanitaria en las entidades hospitalarias estudiadas en la presente investigación, generaron un gasto total para el tratamiento hospitalario de 9.585.114,02. Al mismo tiempo en los 2.135 pacientes diagnosticados con dengue que presentaron signos de alarma y requirieron cuatro días de hospitalización, señalando un gasto total para el tratamiento de 1.471.385,06. Por su parte los 51 pacientes que fueron diagnosticados con dengue grave, generaron un costo unitario total en las unidades hospitalarias de 134.152,54. Los resultados son conservadores, porque algunos componentes importantes no se incluyeron en los costos relacionados con el dengue.En ausencia de vacunación, y siendo los programas de control del vector la estrategia básica para mitigar la propagación del dengue, esta enfermedad seguirá produciendo una carga económica y social considerable en el Ecuador, lo que se refleja en el costo total de la enfermedad
Respuesta a atrayentes químicos y actividad horaria de Anopheles Meigen spp. (Diptera: Culicidae) en un área malárica del estado Bolívar, Venezuela
Authors: Rubio-Palis Yasmin , Bravo Lelys , Guzmán Hernán , Caura Simón , Song Chen , Wang Songyuan , Pérez Ybarra Luís Manuel
Published: July 2021

Se evaluó la eficiencia de la trampa Mosquito Magnet Liberty PlusTM (MMLP) cebada con los atrayentes químicos 1-octen-3-ol (octenol) y Lurex 3 (L-ácido láctico) junto con dióxido de carbono (CO2) para recolectar anofelinos en la localidad Ye’kwana de Boca de Nichare, municipio Sucre, estado Bolívar, Venezuela. La trampa fue operada entre las 18:00 y 06:00 horas, durante 10 noches por mes, durante cuatro meses (Julio – Octubre, 2015), alternándose cada noche el atrayente. A fin de caracterizar la actividad nocturna de los anofelinos, cada cuatro horas se cambiaba la jaulit a donde eran atrapados los mosquitos. Se capturaron cinco especies de Anopheles y cuatro de Culicinae, siendo las más abundantes, Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) darlingi Root y Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) oswaldoi (Peryassú) sensu lato. El ANOVA factorial no paramétrico de Transformación de Rangos Alineados para la variable atrayente y sus interacciones con especie e intervalo horario no fueron estadísticamente significativas (p > 0.05). Estas especies muestran comportamientos diferentes: An. darlingi tiene el pico de actividad nocturna entre las 22:00 y 02:00 horas, mientras que en An. oswaldoi s.l. se observa un incremento de la actividad nocturna progresivamente que se mantiene durante el intervalo 02:00-06:00 horas. Los resultados permiten concluir que la trampa MMLP cebada con octenol o Lurex es un método alternativo de recolección de mosquit os para la vigilancia entomológica en áreas maláricas remotas con población indígena. La actividad horaria de los vectores An. darlingi y An. oswaldoi s.l. sugiere que el uso de mosquiteros tratados con insecticidas puede resultar un método efectivo para el control de la transmisión de malaria en esta zona del país.
Sucesión de entomofauna de interés criminalista en modelo experimental de Cavia porcellus
Authors: Vera Pinto Andrés Salustio
Published: July 2021

La Entomología Forense (EF) es una rama de las ciencias médico-legales (Ortloff et al. 2012), que utiliza como herramienta clave a insectos y otros artrópodos que interactúan con un cuerpo en descomposición (Gennard, 2007). El presente estudio se basó en un diseño observacional descriptivo de tipo poblacional, en el que se evaluó la diversidad de dípteros de la familia Calliphoridae y Muscidae en la parroquia rural de Posorja, Guayaquil. En el proceso experimental en los biomodelos A y B, se obtuvo que las temperaturas mínimas diarias presentaron un promedio de 21 °C (entre 20 °C y 22 °C) en lo que respecta a las temperaturas máximas diarias presentaron un promedio de 29,50 °C (entre 26 y 31 °C). En ambos biomodelos experimentales A y B, la exposición directa a los rayos solares y el espacio de liberación abierto contribuyo con el desarrollo de los cambios post mortem de descomposición cadavérica, como son el cromatismo, hinchado, licuefacción y reducción. A la par, de la ocurrencia de la sucesión de dípteros de interés criminalisticos, pertenecientes a las familias Calliphoridae y Muscidae. La importancia de de este acercamiento a la fauna de interés forense dentro de la provincia de Posorja, se muestra en el abanico de oportunidades que abre, con miras a la futura incorporación de la entomología forense en investigaciones criminalísticas en casos de homicidios y negligencias. Sin embargo, todavía eisten numerosas dificultades dificultades para este tipo de estudio en el Ecuador, por lo que se propone divulgar la escala estacional y espacial de de estas investigaciones, a través de convenios que permitan replicarlos en diversas partes del país en distintos ecosistemas y bajo distintas condiciones climáticas.
The Role of Vitamin D in the Management of Chronic Pain in Fibromyalgia: A Narrative Review
Authors: Haddad Hannah W. , Jumonville Allison C. , Stark Katarina J. , Temple Shavonne N. , Dike Chukwudum C. , Cornett Elyse M. , Kaye Alan D.
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex disorder characterized primarily by chronic, widespread musculoskeletal pain. Currently, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the use of three medications to treat FM: pregabalin, duloxetine, and milnacipran. The pharmaceutical intervention has lacked consistent pain relief among all patients. Therefore, the investigation into alternative treatment options has grown in interest. This narrative review aims to evaluate the evidence regarding vitamin D for the treatment of FM.

Methods

Narrative review.

Results

Low serum vitamin D has been linked to various chronic pain states. An association between vitamin D deficiency and FM has been reported but is controversial in the literature. Some studies have documented the beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation on reducing pain symptoms and improving the overall quality of life in those with FM. Despite these positive findings, many of the studies regarding this topic lack adequate power to make substantial conclusions about the effects of vitamin D on FM.

Conclusion

Existing studies provide promising results. However, additional high-quality data on vitamin D supplementation is needed before recommendations for pain management can be made. Vitamin D supplementation is inexpensive, has minimal side effects, and can benefit FM patients regardless of its efficacy in pain control. Additionally, high-quality studies are warranted to fully elucidate the potential of vitamin D to manage chronic pain in FM.
Penerapan Gamifikasi Dalam Smart Tourism : Studi Literatur
Authors: Asy'ari Rifqi , Rusdin Tahir  , Cecep Ucu Rakhman  , Ayu Khrisna Yuliawati
Published: July 2021

Tourism emphasizes the authenticity of an area with the principle of preservation and sustainable development, but technology is one factor that influences it enough to attract tourists or ease management in the tourism sector. The terminology of smart tourism appears as a direction in the support system for supporters in the tourism sector. One system in implementing smart tourism is gamification, which is still a lot of ordinary people in the system. This article examines the extent of the application of gamification in the concept of smart tourism and what things are still obstacles in the application of gamification in the tourism industry so that it can be a recommendation for further research. So that both are expected to provide an understanding of the application of gamification and the extent of realization in the concept of smart tourism. The method used in this research is a literature study. The results got by the application of gamification in smart tourism are very helpful in the tourism industry. This system provides tourism development, namely providing education, using the potential and use of technology. Gamification is a system where tourists are given more flexibility for activities and interacting with tourist areas, both visually and directly.
Do the Implementation of Green Practices Initiatives in Starbucks Increase the Number of Tourists to a City? (Study Case of Starbucks in Pontianak)
Authors: Malini Helma
Published: July 2021

This study aims to examine the influence of Eco-friendly Practices, Green Brand Image and Green Initiatives on the number of tourists visiting Pontianak. The type of research used in this research is quantitative by using a survey method wherein survey research using a questionnaire that will be given to respondents according to predetermined criteria. The population of this research is the consumer who has visited, received offers and made purchase decisions at least two times for Starbucks products with the sample is 100 respondents. The technique used is non-probability sampling, which is a sampling technique that does not provide equal opportunities for each element or member of the population to be selected as samples, and the purposive sampling method is a sampling technique with certain considerations. The data will be analyzed by using PASW Statistics 18 software application and the method used is multiple linear regression with the variables of Eco-Friendly Practices, Green Brand Image and Green Initiatives, and several tourists. The results show that Eco-Friendly Practices, Green Brand Image and Green Initiatives have a significant effect number of tourists visiting Pontianak.
Analisis Potensi Ekowisata Berbasis Masyarakat di Desa Burai Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Detmuliati Alditia
Published: July 2021

In 2021 the Province of South Sumatra brought home 8 awards at the Anugrah Pesona Indonesia. It awarded one of the second place in the Burai Village award in the category of Most Popular Ecotourism Village in Indonesia. I conducted this research to explore the potential of ecotourism in Burai Village. This study uses a community-based research (CBR) approach which is implemented with a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach. Some potentials found include building floating / non-permanent buildings on the river, make Lima's house and Bari house a homestay. , Pindang and Kemplang are special foods that tourists can enjoy., Song key and Purun are souvenirs from Burai Village, bummer dance as performance in Burai Village, offers several activities on community agricultural land without having to change the contents of the agricultural land.
Peran Mediasi Work Engagement Pada Leader Member Exhange terhadap Job Performance pada Karyawan Resort “XYZ” Malang
Authors: Yongky Vincent , Tri Siwi Agustina
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini menggunakan obyek salah satu resort di kota Malang yang mengalami pertumbuhan bisnis cukup pesat di dalam lingkungan destinasi wisata Malang. Fokus penelitian ini adalah kinerja karyawan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji mekanisme leader member exchanget terhadap job performance dengan menggunakan work engagement sebagai mediasi. Studi kuantitatif ini didasarkan pada data yang dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner yang diberikan kepada 100 responden karyawan tetap resort “XYZ” di Malang dan menggunakan teknik partial least square (PLS) untuk analisis data. Hasil analisis data menggunakan PLS menemukan bahwa work engagement memediasi hubungan antara leader member exchange dan job performance. Pengembangan kualitas hubungan leader dan karyawan amat dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan kinerja karyawan di sebuat tempat
Posibles cambios en el rango de distribución de Tapirus pinchaque bajo escenarios de cambio climático
Authors:   Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Puyo EC160150, Ecuador, Herrera-Feijoo Robinson J. , de Decker María , Chicaiza-Ortiz Cristhian , Peñafiel Arcos Pedro , Garzón Ortega Carolina
Published: July 2021

Tapirus pinchaque, es una especie clave e ícono en la conservación de la riqueza biológica en los Andes tropicales. Se evaluó el efecto del cambio climático y su incidencia en la estabilidad, pérdida y ganancia de áreas de adecuación climática para T. pinchaque en su rango de distribución. Adicionalmente, se evaluó la efectividad del Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas de Ecuador (SNAP) actual en la conservación de la especie a futuro. Se utilizaron modelos de distribución y algoritmos de aprendizaje supervisado y combinando sus resultados para generar mapas consenso. Los resultados bajo las condiciones actuales predicen que el área adecuada para la distribución de T. pinchaque abarcará un total de 62.714 km², extendiéndose desde el norte de Colombia hasta el sur de Perú. Se determinó que, en la actualidad 39,4% del área total, corresponde al SNAP. Por otra parte, los diferentes modelos a futuro sobre cambio climático, predicen reducciones de áreas de adecuación de hasta 70,24% en su distribución total, mientras que dentro del SNAP se reportan reducciones para el 2050 de hasta 71,84%. Finalmente, los modelos presentados facilitan información clave para la toma de decisiones y desarrollo de políticas públicas orientadas al diseño de nuevas estrategias para la conservación del T. pinchaque en los Andes tropicales.
The community interest company: more confusion in the quest for limited liability
Authors: Cross Stuart R
Published: July 2021

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Book review
Authors: Milman David
Published: July 2021

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Facing Jörgensen’s dilemma
Authors: Coyle Sean
Published: July 2021

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Trusts of the family home: the impact of Oxley v Hiscock
Authors: Fox Lorna
Published: July 2021

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Trust(s) and intention in resolving disputes over the shared home
Authors: Wong Simone
Published: July 2021

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Belfast leases, Lord Donegall, and the Incumbered Estates Act, 1849
Authors: Brett CEB
Published: July 2021

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A critique on legal analysis of local government and the central-local relationship
Authors: Mauthe Barbara
Published: July 2021

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The forest-path of law and the wolf-belly of justice: legal theory and fairy tale
Authors: Gurnham David
Published: July 2021

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Three models of equality and European anti-discrimination law
Authors: De Schutter Olivier
Published: July 2021

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Fumbling towards coherence: the slow evolution of equality and anti-discrimination law in Britain
Authors: O’Cinneide Colm
Published: July 2021

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Unfamiliar inequalities
Authors: Walsh Judy
Published: July 2021

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Securing human rights through promotion and training
Authors: Cooke Sarah
Published: July 2021

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Bishop Dixon, the Irish historian and Irish law
Authors: Osborough Niall
Published: July 2021

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Early reported cases on slander of title
Authors: Dowling Alan
Published: July 2021

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The legal response to prize fighting in nineteenth century England and America
Authors: Anderson Jack
Published: July 2021

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The role of judges in the development of constitutions
Authors: Dickson Brice
Published: July 2021

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The demise of the advocate’s immunity
Authors: Capper David
Published: July 2021

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The negligence liability of public authorities: was the old law the right law?
Authors: Anthony Gordon
Published: July 2021

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Book review
Authors: Hart Mr Justice
Published: July 2021

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Adverse possession after J.A. Pye (Oxford) Ltd v the United Kingdom
Authors: Cooke Elizabeth
Published: July 2021

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Sublessees, mortgagees and the doctrine of Tulk v Moxhay
Authors: Dowling Alan
Published: July 2021

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Claims for dishonest assistance with breach of trust, and changes made by Twinsectra v Yardley
Authors: Woodcock Andrew
Published: July 2021

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A question of definition: feminist legal scholarship, socio-legal studies and debate about law and politics
Authors: Murphy Thérèse , Whitty Noel
Published: July 2021

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Plural corporate persons: displacing subjects and (re)forming identities
Authors: Kleinhans Martha-Marie
Published: July 2021

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Moving into the mainstream: an analysis of regulatory responses to impact assessment in equality and sustainable development
Authors: Jenkins Victoria , Rainey Bernadette
Published: July 2021

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Party hosts, intoxicated guests and negligence
Authors: Ryan Ray , Ryan Des
Published: July 2021

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The character of the oriental despot in classical jurisprudence
Authors: Haldar Piyel
Published: July 2021

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Positivism as a statist philosophy of law
Authors: Coyle Sean
Published: July 2021

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Positivism and political obligation
Authors: Takis Andreas Ch
Published: July 2021

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Constitutionalism and transcendental arguments
Authors: Roversi Corrado
Published: July 2021

In his A Theory of Legal Argumentation, Robert Alexy lists four modes of justification for his rules of practical discourse. Of these, the only one that to him seems to have a true foundationalist capability is Apel’s transcendental-pragmatic mode of justification. But there is another strategy, which Alexy calls 'definitional', based on the concept of language game, that seems to have been employed by Ronald Dworkin, in his 'Objectivity and truth. You’d better believe it', in order to reject moral scepticism. In this paper I will argue that these two modes of justification can be traced back, from a logical and genealogical perspective, to one form of argument, the transcendental argument. But I will also argue that there is a peculiar circularity in the way this kind of argument develops, a circularity possibly ascribable to certain idealising presuppositions.
The discourse-theoretic necessity of flexibility in the law
Authors: Bäcker Carsten
Published: July 2021

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Revisability versus defeasibility
Authors: Brozek Bartosz
Published: July 2021

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Paul O'Higgins (1927-2008)
Authors: McEldowney John F
Published: July 2021

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Reconstituting sentencing policy in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Campbell Liz
Published: July 2021

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New landlords: problems and solutions: Part 2
Authors: Dowling Alan
Published: July 2021

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Solving the impossible: the puzzle of coherence, consistency and law
Authors: Pethick Stephen
Published: July 2021

Though considerable claims are made for the use of coherence in law, its meaning is routinely taken to be elusive, controversial or even mystical. Some argue that defining coherence is logically impossible. This is surprising at best, and at worst should prompt serious alarm. It is generally agreed, at least, that consistency provides one necessary condition for coherence, though the list of additional elements required is keenly disputed. I pitch the dispute further back, and argue that the agreed-upon relation with consistency is unsustainable and damaging, and arises only because of a striking methodological oversight. This oversight accounts for and resolves the perceived impossibility and complexity of coherence. Freed from consistency, I argue for coherence just as 'sticking together', and close by considering the implications of my analysis for writing that presently presses coherence into legal service.
History begins: shareholder value, accountability and the virtuous state
Authors: O'Kelly Ciarán
Published: July 2021

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Non-executive directors and corporate governance
Authors: Wheeler Sally
Published: July 2021

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Editorial
Authors: Dickson Brice
Published: July 2021

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The United Nations Human Rights Council: politics, power and human rights
Authors: Boyle Kevin
Published: July 2021

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Being 'realistic' about human rights
Authors: Greer Steven
Published: July 2021

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Designing a Bill of Rights for Northern Ireland
Authors: Harvey Colin , Schwartz Alex
Published: July 2021

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The media and scandalising: time for a fresh look
Authors: Iyer Venkat
Published: July 2021

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Gone and almost entirely forgotten: the Watkinson Report
Authors: Wheeler Sally
Published: July 2021

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Criminal law as a preventative tool of environmental regulation: compliance versus deterrence
Authors: Bishop Patrick
Published: July 2021

The effective enforcement of environmental law is an issue which continues to engender considerable academic debate. The conclusions that may be drawn from such debate will have implications not only for the future of environmental law but also the wider regulatory reform agenda. This article commences with several noncontentious propositions. First, any regulatory regime ought to place considerable emphasis on preventing harm; within the context of environmental law, this view is encapsulated by the preventative principle. Secondly, one may be tempted to treat the criminal law as a purely reactive or curative mechanism were it not for the deterrent effect associated with the imposition of criminal sanctions. Therefore, the initial premise is that if environmental law is to become more preventative in scope, policymakers ought to consider how the deterrent effect of environmental criminal law may be bolstered. Academic publications and official reports are replete with assertions that the fines imposed by the courts for environmental crime are lamentably low. A preoccupation with the level of fine may lead one to overlook the fundamental importance of the likelihood of apprehension as an essential ingredient of the deterrence formula. Mainstream criminological discourse provides clear evidence that the probability of apprehension has a greater influence on deterrence than severity of sanction. In this context, the enforcement style adopted by the relevant enforcement agency is crucial; in particular, whether the style adopted augments the perception that apprehension is more probable. This article proceeds to argue that many of the assumptions on which the compliance style is based may be questioned, if not totally undermined. It is contended that a transition from compliance-orientated enforcement towards an approach more focused on deterrence has the potential to enhance the deterrent, and by extension the preventative effect, of environmental criminal law.
Book review: Consociational Theory by Rupert Taylor
Authors: Blomfield Kate
Published: July 2021

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Representation, bargaining and the law: where next for the unions?
Authors: Doherty Michael
Published: July 2021

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Human rights, responsibilities and the pursuit of a realistic Utopia
Authors: Mullender Richard
Published: July 2021

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