bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of the Sources of Value Loss Following Financial Restatements
Authors: Hong Philip K. , Lee Jaywon , Park Sang-Hyun , Patro Sukesh
Published: February 2021

We decompose the total value loss around firms’ announcements of financial restatements into components arising from investors’ revisions in cash flows and discount rates. First, relative to population benchmarks, restatements represent circumstances in which the cash flow component becomes more important in explaining valuations. While we find significant contributions from both sources, with the cash flow component explaining more than 33% of the variation in stock returns surrounding restatement announcements, this component explains only 13% to 22% in comparable non-restating firms. When restatements are caused by underlying financial fraud, the discount rate impact becomes more important, explaining about 88% of return variation. On the contrary, the cash flow impact is relatively larger for firms with higher earnings persistence or restatements associated with errors. Our decomposition of the value loss helps explain returns in the post-announcement period. Firms with a higher relative discount rate impact experience a significant downward stock price drift after the initial announcement-related price decline. For firms with a higher relative cash flow impact, the evidence suggests the initial impact of the restatement announcement is more complete with no subsequent drift pattern. Our findings close gaps in the evidence on financial restatements and extend the literature on the drivers of stock price movements.
Foster Youth Perspectives: How Foster Youth Navigate and Mobilize Their Rights within the Foster Care System
Authors: Hernandez Jessennya
Published: February 2021

This paper explores the grounded realities of how foster youth attempt to improve their own lives by navigating the foster care system. From 2014 to 2016 in southern California, I conducted life history interviews with eight foster youth; interviewed two legal representatives; administered questionnaires to two social workers; and conducted participant observation. Referencing the California Foster Care Bill of Rights and deploying the legal mobilization model, interviews with foster youth focused on their perceptions about rights and how they seek redress for violations to their rights. Their experiences expose the system’s preoccupation with bureaucratic procedures, rather than teaching or acknowledging specific or written rights. Interlocutors aggregately experienced forty rights violations, variously responding with the following modes of action: Doing nothing; Non-Legal action; and Formal-Legal action. In all instances, their knowledge (or lack thereof) about their rights and the foster care system critically informed their actions and revealed their awareness of the power dynamics within the system. This case study centers foster youth perspectives and narratives which are important for identifying effective alternatives that ensure foster youth rights, mobilization for when rights are violated, and ultimately center their voices and power.
Public intimacy in social media: The mass audience as a third party
Authors: Kaplan Danny
Published: February 2021

This study presents a novel analysis of social network sites as a staged performance of interpersonal ties in front of a third party, here defined as public intimacy. This concept moves away from the current focus on the presentation of self in social media to the performance of relationships. Users of social media are compared to an interactive audience in a round theater. As inner circle network members display their exclusive ties in front of ther users they may also tease them into joining the conversation. Building on studies of Simmelian ties, interactive exchange, and phatic communication the study presents six characteristics of public intimacy along with brief examples drawn from users’ experiences on Facebook and Twitter. It is concluded that by mediating the shift from dyad to triad and from triad to mass community social media do not necessarily entail a reduction in intimacy but rather a concretization of social relations. The recursive relationship between interpersonal ties and mass solidarity is sustained and reaffirmed thanks to triadic interactions of public intimacy.
Longitudinal Associations of Conscientiousness and Neuroticism With Perceived Mastery and Constraints for Aging Adults
Authors: Toyama Masahiro , Fuller Heather R. , Hektner Joel M.
Published: February 2021

It has not been well understood how conscientiousness and neuroticism are associated with two related but distinct dimensions of perceived control (i.e., perceived mastery and constraints) among aging adults. The present study examined these associations and their change over time, while addressing whether they differ by age or gender. For respondents aged 50+ at baseline (N = 2,768) in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study, multilevel modeling analyses were conducted to assess how conscientiousness and neuroticism predicted perceived mastery and constraints over 2 decades. As expected, higher conscientiousness and lower neuroticism (for both between- and within-person variability) predicted higher perceived mastery and lower perceived constraints overall. Nuanced findings emerged related to age, gender and change over time for different associations of conscientiousness and neuroticism with the outcomes. These findings can inform future research suggesting directions of further investigations for these complex associations.
Spontaneous order and civilization: Burke and Hayek on markets, contracts and social order
Authors: Collins Gregory M.
Published: February 2021

In light of a growing body of scholarship that has cast doubt on the analytic import of spontaneous order, the purpose of my article is to rethink the intellectual relationship between Edmund Burke and Friedrich Hayek by suggesting that reading spontaneous order into Burke’s thought introduces greater tensions between the two thinkers than prior scholars have suggested. One crucial tension, I suggest, is that Hayek believed that contractual arrangements, competitive markets and the rule of law could sustain the growth of social order, while Burke maintained that particular social institutions and practices should remain protected from the full power of voluntary contracts and exchange relations. I conclude by suggesting that the tensions between Hayek and Burke could serve as complementary instruments, rather than as foes, in strengthening the liberal project in modernity.
Paradoxes of democracy: Rousseau and Hegel on democratic deliberation
Authors: Rustighi Lorenzo
Published: February 2021

In this article, I engage with what relevant literature addresses as the ‘paradox of democracy’ and trace it back to the dialectic between authorization and representation established by social contract theories. To make my argument, I take Rousseau’s Social Contract as a paradigmatic example of the paradox and analyse it in light of Hegel’s critical response. My aim is to show that, although Rousseau rejects the idea of representing the popular will, representation resurfaces in his Republic from top to bottom and engenders a structural opposition between citizens and rulers: drawing on the Hegelian scrutiny of contractarianism, I focus on three key moments in Rousseau’s theory, namely the Lawgiver, the majority rule and the executive power. After illustrating how the social contract undermines democratic participation in deliberative processes, I suggest that Hegel’s philosophy of right overcomes the paradox by positively assuming it as a dialectical contradiction that requires a specific constitutional approach to democracy. In this sense, I argue, the Hegelian perspective on democratic deliberation helps us to better frame Rousseau’s ambition to conceive the Republic as a free community of equals and urges us to elaborate a more coherent understanding of participation in a pluralistic society.
Longitudinal Associations Between Household Labor Division Inequity and Conflict Among Newlywed Couples
Authors: Adelson Megan J. , Nelson Jackie A. , Hafiz Mariam
Published: February 2021

The division of household labor among couples is a frequently occurring topic of conflict. The present investigation examined longitudinal associations between inequities in household labor divisions and conflict about those divisions in 219 newly married heterosexual couples without children enrolled in the Louisiana Marriage Matters Panel Survey of Newlyweds. We used autoregressive latent trajectory models across three time points spanning approximately 3.5 years. More conflict about labor inequity was related to declines in household labor inequity by the next wave. Additionally, greater household labor inequity was related to declines in conflict by the next wave. We discuss findings in terms of the demand-response hypothesis and ideological reasons why higher labor inequities may relate to less conflict.
Psychological Well-Being and Family Functioning in Middle Childhood: The Unique Role of Sibling Relational Dynamics
Authors: Geerts-Perry Ashley T. , Riggs Shelley A. , Kaminski Patricia L. , Murrell Amy
Published: February 2021

Despite being the longest relationships across the lifespan, the sibling dyad is the most under-studied relationship in the family system. Researchers have documented the harmful and beneficial effects of sibling relationships and family dynamics on individual well-being. Extending this research to middle childhood, the current study examined family functioning, sibling relational dynamics, and self-reported adjustment and internalizing symptoms among 8- to 11-year-old children. Path analyses revealed significant direct effects between conflictual family functioning and children’s psychological well-being. Significant interactions between family functioning and sibling dynamics suggested that congruent relational dynamics at multiple levels of the family system had a cumulative impact on the child’s well-being. Findings from the current study highlight the role of family functioning and the unique contributions of sibling relationships to children’s functioning, suggesting that consideration of sibling relational dynamics may improve treatment planning by pointing out additional targets for intervention and/or potential sources of support.
Does Family Context Moderate the Effects of Discrimination on Emerging Adults’ Health?
Authors: Kim Yehsong , Schacter Hannah L. , Corner Geoffrey W. , Rasmussen Hannah F. , Margolin Gayla
Published: February 2021

Given the adverse impacts of discrimination on overall well-being, this study tests whether family context, specifically family hostility (FH) and positive family environment (PFE), moderate well-documented associations between discrimination and mental and physical health symptoms. Diverse emerging adults ( n = 345) completed an online questionnaire about perceived discrimination due to a broad range of characteristics, positive and negative qualities of their families of origin, and depressive, anxiety, and physical health symptoms. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that family factors moderated the effects of discrimination, such that discrimination was more strongly linked with health symptoms in the context of low, compared to high, family risk. Conversely, some models showed independent, non-interactive effects of discrimination and family factors on health. Gender differences emerged, though with no consistent pattern of effects. Together, these findings highlight that discrimination and negative family factors are salient social-environmental risks for emerging adults.
A Review of Specific Biomarkers of Chronic Renal Injury and Their Potential Application in Nonclinical Safety Assessment Studies
Authors: Obert Leslie A. , Elmore Susan A. , Ennulat Daniela , Frazier Kendall S.
Published: February 2021

A host of novel renal biomarkers have been developed over the past few decades which have enhanced monitoring of renal disease and drug-induced kidney injury in both preclinical studies and in humans. Since chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) share similar underlying mechanisms and the tubulointerstitial compartment has a functional role in the progression of CKD, urinary biomarkers of AKI may provide predictive information in chronic renal disease. Numerous studies have explored whether the recent AKI biomarkers could improve upon the standard clinical biomarkers, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, for predicting outcomes in CKD patients. This review is an introduction to alternative assays that can be utilized in chronic (>3 months duration) nonclinical safety studies to provide information on renal dysfunction and to demonstrate specific situations where these assays could be utilized in nonclinical drug development. Novel biomarkers such as symmetrical dimethyl arginine, dickkopf homolog 3, and cystatin C predict chronic renal injury in animals, act as surrogates for GFR, and may predict changes in GFR in patients over time, ultimately providing a bridge from preclinical to clinical renal monitoring.
Extranodal Extension as an Indicator for Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Prognosis
Authors: Tseng Christopher C. , Gao Jeff , Barinsky Gregory L. , Fang Christina H. , Grube Jordon G. , Eloy Jean Anderson , Hsueh Wayne Daniel
Published: February 2021

Objective

Although extranodal extension (ENE) is a known indicator of poor prognosis for head and neck malignancies, its value as an indicator for sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has not been well characterized. This study seeks to assess the usefulness of ENE as a prognostic marker for sinonasal SCC.

Study Design

Retrospective database review.

Setting

National Cancer Database from 2010 to 2015.

Methods

The National Cancer Database was queried from 2010 to 2015 for all patients with sinonasal SCC with available ENE status (n = 355). These cases were divided into those with pathologically confirmed ENE (n = 146) and those without ENE (n = 209). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine survival differences and predictors of ENE status.

Results

Most patients with ENE were ≥60 years old (61.7%), male (61.6%), and white (83.6%). Patients aged 60 to 69 and 80+ years were more likely to have ENE than those under 60 years (P <. 05). Patients with ENE had worse 1‐year overall survival than those without ENE (58.2% vs 70.8%, log‐rank P =. 008). After multivariate regression, however, there was no survival difference detected between ENE‐positive and ENE‐negative cases (hazard ratio, 1.14 [0.775‐1.672], P =. 508).

Conclusion

ENE status did not have a significant effect on survival in patients with sinonasal SCC. Thus, ENE alone may not necessarily be a helpful indicator for sinonasal SCC prognosis.
Outcomes in Revision Stapes Surgery
Authors: Schwam Zachary G. , Schettino Amy , Babu Seilesh C. , Bojrab Dennis I. , Michaelides Elias M. , Schutt Christopher A.
Published: February 2021

Objectives

To compare audiometric outcomes and complication rates between primary and revision stapes surgical cases.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Large single‐institution database.

Methods

Data on 809 patients (including 170 revisions) undergoing primary and revision stapes surgery were reviewed, with Pearson chi‐square and multivariable logistic regression analysis performed.

Results

Rates of postoperative air‐bone gap (ABG) closure to ≤10 dB were significantly worse in the revision group (40.2% vs 61.8%, P <. 001), as were those to ≤20 dB (78.1% vs 90.9%, P <. 001). The bone conduction pure tone average worsened by >10 dB in 7.1% of primary cases and 13.1% of revisions (P =. 016). The mean postoperative ABG for revision cases was significantly higher at 15.5 dB as compared with 11.0 dB for primaries (P <. 001), despite a slightly higher preoperative ABG for primary cases (30.6 vs 28.24 dB, P =. 010). In multivariate analysis, revision surgery had an odds ratio 0.41 (P <. 001) in closing the ABG to ≤10 dB. Postoperative reparative granuloma (2.4% vs 0.2%, P =. 001) and hydrops (1.8% vs 0.2%, P =. 008) were higher in revision cases.

Conclusions

Revision stapes surgery was found to have less predictable and inferior results as compared with primary cases.

Level of Evidence:

4 (retrospective observational research).
Still second-order? European elections in the era of populism, extremism, and Euroscepticism
Authors: Ehin Piret , Talving Liisa
Published: February 2021

The continued relevance of the second-order elections (SOE) theory is one of the most widely debated issues in the study of European Parliament (EP) elections. While the theory has been criticised from many angles, the recent success of populist, extremist, and Eurosceptic parties raises additional questions about the applicability of a model that depicts EP elections as a low-stakes affair revolving around national issues. This article tests the SOE model with party-level data from all 175 EP elections held between 1979 and 2019. While turnout in EP elections remains well below participation rates in national elections, the 2019 EP elections were marked by a significant reduction in the average turnout gap. Across all election years, party size is the most potent predictor of electoral gains and losses in EP elections. Incumbency is associated with electoral losses in most EP election years. These effects are moderated by the electoral cycle and the electoral system in some but not all years. The expectation that the SOE model performs worse in countries with fragmented party systems was not confirmed. All in all, the SOE model continues to wield significant explanatory power in both the West and the East.
Technology use during couples’ bedtime routines, bedtime satisfaction, and associations with individual and relational well-being
Authors: Drouin Michelle , McDaniel Brandon T.
Published: February 2021

In this study, we examined the typical and ideal bedtime routines of 289 Americans in cohabiting relationships who were recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Participants described their bedtime routines, indicated their frequency of sex with their partner, and completed surveys measuring their bedtime, sexual, relationship, and life satisfaction. There were some incongruencies between ideal and typical scenarios, with joint activities (both technological and non-technological) featured more often in the ideal scenarios, and more time alone featured in typical scenarios. Incongruence between the presence of physical intimacy in ideal and typical scenarios was predictive of bedtime satisfaction, as were the presence of emotional intimacy, going to bed together, and shared technology use (e.g., watching television together) during their typical time together. In turn, bedtime satisfaction predicted frequency of sex, and sexual, relationship, and life satisfaction. However, shared time together not engaged in technology and time apart (using technology or not) was not predictive of bedtime satisfaction. As bedtime is an opportunity for leisure together for many couples, going to bed together and engaging in activities that promote emotional intimacy (e.g., conversations) may be beneficial to couples. Additionally, discussions and compromise related to the presence of physical intimacy at bedtime may help couples experience greater bedtime satisfaction. Finally, in contrast to suggestions that technology use has a negative effect on relationships, shared technology use before bed may have a positive impact on individual and relational well-being.
Blood cell adhesion to arterial filters analysis by scanning electron microscopy and real-time PCR assay: observational clinical study in cardiac surgery patients
Authors: Gatto Chiara Scaglioni Tessmer , Piccioni Marilde Albuquerque , Strunz Celia Maria Cassaro , Cestari Idágene Aparecida , Cunha Ligia Cristina Camara , Roggerio Alessandra , Silva Vanessa Monteiro da , Zuccato Maria Cecilia Freire , Cortella Lucas Ribeiro Xavier , Kakoi Adélia Aparecida Yuka , Jatene Fabio Biscegli , Auler Junior José Otavio Costa , Galas Filomena Regina Barbosa Gomes
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

Arterial filter is the part of the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit where blood cells are exposed to high mechanical stress and where cellular aggregates may fasten in large quantities. The aim of this study was to analyse blood cell adhesiveness in the arterial filter through scanning electron microscopy and real-time PCR assay.

Methods:

Prospective, clinical and observational study performed on 28 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Arterial filters were analysed by scanning electron microscopy. Real-time PCR assay was performed in extracted material from the arterial filters for analysis of platelet GPIb and CD45 leucocyte gene expression. Blood coagulation was analysed during cardiopulmonary bypass. Patients were followed until hospital discharge or 28 days after surgery.

Results:

All studied arterial filters used in the subject patients showed a degree of adhesion from blood elements at scanning electron microscopy. All studied filters were positive for platelets GPIb gene expression and 15% had CD45 leucocyte gene expression. The GPIb platelet gene expression in blood lowered at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass ( p = 0.019). There was negative correlation between blood GPIb platelet gene expression and Clot SR (HEPSCREEN2 ReoRox®) (rho = 0.635; p = 0.027). The filter fields count was correlated to the D-dimer dosage (rho = 0.828; p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

There was adhesion of blood elements, especially nucleated platelets, on all arterial filters studied. Although the arterial filter worked as a safety device, that possibly prevented arterial embolisation, it may also have caused greater hyperfibrinolysis during cardiopulmonary bypass.
Effect of liraglutide on neural and peripheral markers of metabolic function during antipsychotic treatment in rats
Authors: Babic Ilijana , Sellers Dominic , Else Paul L , Nealon Jessica , Osborne Ashleigh L , Pai Nagesh , Weston-Green Katrina
Published: February 2021

Background:

Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist that prevents metabolic side effects of the antipsychotic drugs (APDs) olanzapine and clozapine through unknown mechanisms.

Aim:

This study aimed to investigate the effect of chronic APD and liraglutide co-treatment on key neural and peripheral metabolic signals, and acute liraglutide co-treatment on clozapine-induced hyperglycaemia.

Methods:

In study 1, rats were administered olanzapine (2 mg/kg), clozapine (12 mg/kg), liraglutide (0.2 mg/kg), olanzapine + liraglutide co-treatment, clozapine + liraglutide co-treatment or vehicle for six weeks. Feeding efficiency was examined weekly. Examination of brain tissue (dorsal vagal complex (DVC) and mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH)), plasma metabolic hormones and peripheral (liver and kidney) cellular metabolism and oxidative stress was conducted. In study 2, rats were administered a single dose of clozapine (12 mg/kg), liraglutide (0.4 mg/kg), clozapine + liraglutide co-treatment or vehicle. Glucose tolerance and plasma hormone levels were assessed.

Results:

Liraglutide co-treatment prevented the time-dependent increase in feeding efficiency caused by olanzapine, which plateaued by six weeks. There was no effect of chronic treatment on melanocortinergic, GABAergic, glutamatergic or endocannabionoid markers in the MBH or DVC. Peripheral hormones and cellular metabolic markers were unaltered by chronic APD treatment. Acute liraglutide co-treatment was unable to prevent clozapine-induced hyperglycaemia, but it did alter catecholamine levels.

Conclusion:

The unexpected lack of change to central and peripheral markers following chronic treatment, despite the presence of weight gain, may reflect adaptive mechanisms. Further studies examining alterations across different time points are required to continue to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the benefits of liraglutide on APD-induced metabolic side effects.
Point-of-care measurement of clozapine concentration using a finger-stick blood sample
Authors: Taylor David , Atkins Matthew , Harland Robert , Baburina Irina , MacCabe James H , Salamone Salvatore J , McGuire Philip
Published: February 2021

Background:

The use of clozapine demands regular monitoring of clozapine plasma concentrations and of white blood cell parameters. The delay between sending blood samples for analysis and receiving the results hinders clinical care. Point-of-care testing (POCT) can provide drug assay results within a few minutes.

Aim:

This study aimed to investigate the utility of a novel point-of-care device that can measure clozapine concentrations using capillary blood samples collected via a finger stick.

Method:

During a five-week period starting in June 2019 eligible patients were asked to provide a finger-stick capillary sample in addition to their usual venous blood sample. Samples were analysed by the novel point-of-care device and by the standard laboratory method. Capillary blood samples were tested by the MyCare™ Insite POCT analyser, and a quantitative measurement of clozapine concentration was provided within six minutes.

Results:

A total of 309 patients agreed to measurements by the two methods. Analysis revealed clozapine concentrations in venous blood as determined by the laboratory method ranged from 20 to 1310 ng/mL and by POCT from 7 to 1425 ng/mL. There was a strong positive correlation ( R = 0.89) between the results from the venous and the capillary sample methods. The slope of the association between standard assay and MyCare™ Insite was 1.0 with an intercept of –21 ng/mL, indicating minimal bias.

Conclusion:

Clozapine concentrations can be accurately measured at the point of care using capillary blood samples collected via a finger stick. This approach may be more acceptable than venous sampling to patients and, with almost instant results available, more useful to clinicians.
Flow induces barrier and glycocalyx-related genes and negative surface charge in a lab-on-a-chip human blood-brain barrier model
Authors: Santa-Maria Ana R , Walter Fruzsina R , Figueiredo Ricardo , Kincses András , Vigh Judit P , Heymans Marjolein , Culot Maxime , Winter Peter , Gosselet Fabien , Dér András , Deli Mária A
Published: February 2021

Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices allow the study of blood-brain barrier (BBB) properties in dynamic conditions. We studied a BBB model, consisting of human endothelial cells derived from hematopoietic stem cells in co-culture with brain pericytes, in an LOC device to study fluid flow in the regulation of endothelial, BBB and glycocalyx-related genes and surface charge. The highly negatively charged endothelial surface glycocalyx functions as mechano-sensor detecting shear forces generated by blood flow on the luminal side of brain endothelial cells and contributes to the physical barrier of the BBB. Despite the importance of glycocalyx in the regulation of BBB permeability in physiological conditions and in diseases, the underlying mechanisms remained unclear. The MACE-seq gene expression profiling analysis showed differentially expressed endothelial, BBB and glycocalyx core protein genes after fluid flow, as well as enriched pathways for the extracellular matrix molecules. We observed increased barrier properties, a higher intensity glycocalyx staining and a more negative surface charge of human brain-like endothelial cells (BLECs) in dynamic conditions. Our work is the first study to provide data on BBB properties and glycocalyx of BLECs in an LOC device under dynamic conditions and confirms the importance of fluid flow for BBB culture models.
Towards blood biomarkers for stroke patients
Authors: Rust Ruslan
Published: February 2021

Stroke outcome considerably varies between stroke patients and often cannot be predicted. Now, Gendrun and colleagues investigated the suitability of blood neurofilament light chain proteins (NFL) as a biomarker of neuronal damage. High NFL levels correlated with brain injury, functional outcome and mortality following all major types of stroke. These data raise hope to revolutionize future prognosis and management of stroke patients.
Applied Methods for Estimating Transition Probabilities from Electronic Health Record Data
Authors: Rodriguez Patricia J. , Ward Zachary J. , Long Michael W. , Austin S. Bryn , Wright Davene R.
Published: February 2021

Background

Electronic health record (EHR) data contain longitudinal patient information and standardized diagnostic codes. EHR data may be useful for estimating transition probabilities for state-transition models, but no guidelines exist on appropriate methods. We applied 3 potential methods to estimate transition probabilities from EHR data, using pediatric eating disorders (EDs) as a case study.

Methods

We obtained EHR data from PEDsnet, which includes 8 US children’s hospitals. Data included inpatient, outpatient, and emergency department visits for all patients with an ED. We mapped diagnoses to 3 ED health states: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and other specified feeding or eating disorder. We estimated 1-y transition probabilities for males and females using 3 approaches: simple first-last proportions, a multistate Markov (MSM) model, and independent survival models.

Results

Transition probability estimates varied widely between approaches. The first-last proportion approach estimated higher probabilities of remaining in the same health state, while the MSM and independent survival approaches estimated higher probabilities of transitioning to a different health state. All estimates differed substantially from published literature.

Limitations

As a source of health state information, EHR data are incomplete and sometimes inaccurate. EHR data were especially challenging for EDs, limiting the estimation and interpretation of transition probabilities.

Conclusions

The 3 approaches produced very different transition probability estimates. Estimates varied considerably from published literature and were rescaled and calibrated for use in a microsimulation model. Estimation of transition probabilities from EHR data may be more promising for diseases that are well documented in the EHR. Furthermore, clinicians and health systems should work to improve documentation of ED in the EHR. Further research is needed on methods for using EHR data to inform transition probabilities.
Using Narratives to Correct Forecasting Errors in Pediatric Tracheostomy Decision Making
Authors: Yan Haoyang , Deldin Patricia J. , Kukora Stephanie K. , Arslanian-Engoren Cynthia , Pituch Kenneth , Zikmund-Fisher Brian J.
Published: February 2021

Purpose

Parents who face goals-of-care tracheostomy decisions may lack an understanding of challenges affecting their child’s and family’s long-term quality of life (QOL) to accurately forecast possible outcomes for decision making. We sought to examine whether and how parents’ narratives of the child’s and family’s long-term QOL influence parental tracheostomy decisions and forecasting.

Method

We recruited US adult Amazon Mechanical Turk participants ( N = 1966) who self-reported having a child (<6 y old) or planning a pregnancy within 5 y. Participants read a vignette about making a tracheostomy decision for their hypothetical neurologically impaired baby. They were randomized to 1 of the following 4 conditions: 1) Baby QOL narratives, 2) Family QOL narratives, 3) Baby QOL + Family QOL narratives, and 4) control: no narratives. They then made a decision about whether or not to pursue tracheostomy, forecasted their concerns about the baby’s and family’s QOL, reported their values and social norm beliefs about tracheostomy, comfort care, and parental medical decision making, and completed individual differences scales and demographics.

Results

Controlling for individual characteristics, participants in the Baby QOL and Baby QOL + Family QOL conditions were less likely to choose tracheostomy as compared with the control (odds ratio [OR] = 0.38 and 0.25, respectively, P < 0.001). Fewer participants in the Family QOL condition chose tracheostomy compared with the control, but this difference was not statistically significant (OR = 0.70, P = 0.11). Moreover, narratives increased pessimistic forecasting, which was associated with less interest in tracheostomy.

Conclusion

Narratives clarifying long-term implications of pursuing tracheostomy have the potential to influence forecasting and decisions. Narrative-based interventions may be valuable in other situations in which forecasting errors are common.
Supervision of Telework: A Key to Organizational Performance
Authors: Kim Taehee , Mullins Lauren Bock , Yoon Taewon
Published: February 2021

Many employers, including the federal government, have introduced or extended their telework arrangements because of the associated advantages, which include cost-efficiency, personnel pool enlargement, and employee well-being and motivation. Despite the continued interest from both academics and practitioners, little understanding has emerged about this work arrangement, with scant studies in public administration and organization literature. Among those studies, consensus has not been formed as to the organizational benefits, especially on performance or employee motivation. Previous studies have also overlooked the heterogeneous characteristics of teleworkers, the dynamics between teleworkers and nonteleworkers, and especially, the role of supervisors in managing telework to achieve proposed benefits. This study adds to previous literature by empirically examining the role of supervisors in managing/motivating teleworkers toward improving organizational performance, using data from the 2011 Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB) Telework study. Findings suggest that supervision which includes results-based management and trust-building efforts improves performance of organizations that have telework arrangements.
An independent poor-prognosis subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma based on the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Wang Junfeng , Lou Jianying , Fu Lei , Jin Qu
Published: February 2021

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant tumor with a particularly poor prognosis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is closely associated with tumorigenesis, progression, and treatment. However, the relationship between TME genes and HCC patient prognosis is poorly understood.

Methods

In this study, we identified two prognostic subtypes based on the TME using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus. The Microenvironment Cell Populations-counter method was used to evaluate immune cell infiltration in HCC. Differentially expressed genes between molecular subtypes were calculated with the Limma package, and clusterProfiler was used for Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional enrichment analyses to identify genes related to the independent subtypes. We also integrated mRNA expression data into our bioinformatics analysis.

Results

We identified 4227 TME-associated genes and 640 genes related to the prognosis of HCC. We defined two major subtypes (Clusters 1 and 2) based on the analysis of TME-associated gene expression. Cluster 1 was characterized by increased expression of immune-associated genes and a worse prognosis than Cluster 2.

Conclusions

The identification of these HCC subtypes based on the TME provides further insight into the molecular mechanisms and prediction of HCC prognosis.
Addressing Military Sexual Violence by Proposing a Social Media Influencer Model
Authors: Cancio Roberto
Published: February 2021

Military sexual violence (MSV) is a prevalent issue that uniquely affects mission readiness. Although research on MSV and social media is growing, examinations of possible interventions like those employing social media in this population are scant. Given the growing interest in targeting MSV, the present systematic review was conducted. The PRISMA framework was used to conduct a systematic review of MSV and social media ( N = 71). Queries were limited to articles published between 2010 and 2020. SAGE Journals, PubMed, and JSTOR were utilized. Terms and potential combinations were entered into the databases in varying Boolean combinations. Additional recorders were identified for inclusion via the reference sections of relevant records. After removing duplicates from the query results, we selected records of suspected relevance by title and screened abstracts. Finally, articles with relevant abstracts were reviewed thoroughly to determine whether they met inclusion criteria for the review. The employments of military leaders in a social media intervention puts into practice the military’s central values and development of its leadership core. This intervention promotes group solidarity while maximizing conversations around meaningful messages. Findings in this review suggest military leaders could feasibly employ a cost-effective global intervention using social media, as a tool to help actively address MSV.
Vision signals and the language of vision descriptions in the prophets
Authors: Carver Daniel E.
Published: February 2021

In the prophetic literature, vision descriptions (which are not to be equated with ‘vision reports’) have certain temporal and deictic orientations. Temporally, they are either past, as the vision itself is presented as past from the speech time, or present, meaning that it is described as if were occurring before the prophet’s eyes at the speech time. The spatial orientation of the text is also affected in vision descriptions as the location is in the world of the vision. Identifying a text as a vision description offers a much more coherent and meaningful interpretation of the text and fosters a deeper understanding of the text’s significance in its literary context. To that end, this study identifies two linguistic expressions that function as vision signals, that is, they indicate that the text is describing a vision. This study fills gaps in the commentary literature on the relevant texts and the literature on prophetic visions.
Early treatment with sumatriptan prevents PACAP38-induced migraine: A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Wienholtz Nita Katarina Frifelt , Christensen Casper Emil , Zhang Ditte Georgina , Coskun Hande , Ghanizada Hashmat , Al-Karagholi Mohammad Al-Mahdi , Hannibal Jens , Egeberg Alexander , Thyssen Jacob P , Ashina Messoud
Published: February 2021

Objective

To determine whether early treatment with sumatriptan can prevent PACAP38-induced migraine attacks.

Methods

A total of 37 patients with migraine without aura were enrolled between July 2018 to December 2019. All patients received an intravenous infusion of 10 picomole/kg/min of PACAP38 over 20 min followed by an intravenous infusion of 4 mg sumatriptan or placebo over 10 min on two study days in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.

Results

Of 37 patients enrolled, 26 (70.3%) completed the study and were included in analyses. Of the 26 patients, four (15%) developed a PACAP38-induced migraine attack on sumatriptan and 11 patients (42%) on placebo ( p = 0.016). There were no differences in area under the curve for headache intensity between sumatriptan (mean AUC 532) and placebo (mean AUC 779) ( p = 0.35). Sumatriptan significantly constricted the PACAP38-dilated superficial temporal artery immediately after infusion (T30) compared with infusion of placebo ( p < 0.001). Conclusions and relevance: Early treatment with intravenously administered sumatriptan prevented PACAP38-induced migraine. Prevention of migraine attacks was associated with vasoconstriction by sumatriptan in the earliest phases of PACAP provocation. These results suggest that sumatriptan prevents PACAP38-induced migraine by modulation of nociceptive transmission within the trigeminovascular system. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03881644).
Effect of comorbid migraine on propranolol efficacy for painful TMD in a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tchivileva Inna E , Ohrbach Richard , Fillingim Roger B , Lim Pei Feng , Giosia Massimiliano Di , Ribeiro-Dasilva Margarete , Campbell John H , Hadgraft Holly , Willis Janet , Arbes Samuel J , Slade Gary D
Published: February 2021

Introduction

The migraine-preventive drug propranolol is efficacious in reducing pain from temporomandibular disorder, suggesting potential modifying or mediating effects of comorbid migraine.

Methods

In this randomized controlled trial, myofascial temporomandibular disorder patients were treated with propranolol or placebo for 9 weeks. The primary endpoint was change in a facial pain index derived from daily symptom diaries. Linear and logistic regression models tested for a migraine × treatment-group interaction in reducing facial pain index. Counterfactual models explored changes in headache impact and heart rate as mediators of propranolol's efficacy.

Results

Propranolol's efficacy in reducing facial pain index was greater among the 104 migraineurs than the 95 non-migraineurs: For example, for the binary ≥ 30% reduction in facial pain index, odds ratios were 3.3 (95% confidence limits: 1.4, 8.1) versus 1.3 (0.5, 3.2), respectively, although the interaction was statistically non-significant ( p = 0.139). Cumulative response curves confirmed greater efficacy for migraineurs than non-migraineurs (differences in area under the curve 26% and 6%, respectively; p = 0.081). While 9% of the treatment effect was mediated by reduced headache impact, 46% was mediated by reduced heart rate.

Conclusions

Propranolol was more efficacious in reducing temporomandibular disorder pain among migraineurs than non-migraineurs, with more of the effect mediated by reduced heart rate than by reduced headache impact.

Study identification and registration

SOPPRANO; NCT02437383; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02437383
Combination of acupuncture and medical training therapy on tension type headache: Results of a randomised controlled pilot study
Authors: Schiller Joerg , Karst Matthias , Kellner Tim , Zheng Wen , Niederer Daniel , Vogt Lutz , Eckhardt Isabelle , Beissner Florian , Korallus Christoph , Sturm Christian , Egen Christoph , Gutenbrunner Christoph , Fink Matthias Georg
Published: February 2021

Objectives

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of acupuncture and medical training therapy alone and in combination with those of usual care on the pain sensation of patients with frequent episodic and chronic tension-type headache.

Design

This was a prospective single-centre randomised controlled trial with four balanced treatment arms. The allocation was carried out by pre-generated randomisation lists in the ratio 1:1:1:1 with different permutation block sizes.

Setting

The study was undertaken in the outpatient clinic of Rehabilitation Medicine of the Hannover Medical School. Participants and interventions: Ninety-six adult patients with tension-type headache were included and randomised into usual care (n = 24), acupuncture (n = 24), medical training (n = 24), and combination of acupuncture and medical training (n = 24). One patient was excluded from analysis because of withdrawing her/his consent, leaving 95 patients for intention to treat analysis. Each therapy arm consisted of 6 weeks of treatment with 12 interventions. Follow-up was at 3 and 6 months.

Main outcome measures

Pain intensity (average, maximum and minimum), frequency of headache, responder rate (50% frequency reduction), duration of headache and use of headache medication. Clinical results: The combination of acupuncture and medical training therapy significantly reduced mean pain intensity compared to usual care (mean = −38%, standard deviation = 25%, p = 0.012). Comparable reductions were observed for maximal pain intensity (−25%, standard deviation = 20%, 0.014) and for minimal pain intensity (−35%, standard deviation = 31%, 0.03). In contrast, neither acupuncture nor medical training therapy differed significantly from usual care. No between-group differences were found in headache frequency, mean duration of headache episodes, and pain medication intake. At 3 months, the majority of all patients showed a reduction of at least 50% in headache frequency. At 6 months, significantly higher responder rates were found in all intervention groups compared to usual care.

Conclusions

In contrast to monotherapy, only the combination of acupuncture and medical training therapy was significantly superior in reduction of pain intensity compared to usual care. Trial registration: Registered on 11 February 2019. German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00016723.
Approach for Predicting Cracking Deterioration in Sprayed Seals from Subjective Condition Ratings
Authors: Hwayyis Khulood , Hassan Rayya , Fahey Michael T.
Published: February 2021

Cracking is the most influential distress on the performance of bituminous surfaces of granular pavements and ultimately that of underlying layers. The purpose of the study reported here is to describe the modeling approach adopted in developing cracking deterioration models of bituminous sprayed seals from historical time series subjective condition ratings. In this approach, a multilevel analysis has been applied to capture the variations between observations, segments, and highways. Further, it involved considering all possible contributing factors that affect cracking deterioration of in-service sprayed seals. Factors considered here include surface age, temperature, traffic volume, rainfall, shoulder seal width, and subgrade soil reactivity. The modeling approach has been applied to condition data from five rural highway networks separately then collectively. In the latter, only significant contributing factors from the individual networks’ models are considered. These networks have spray sealed granular pavements with different operating and environmental conditions. Predictions of the overall model have been compared with the currently used model. The latter has been developed for the same networks from two years of subjective condition data, using Markov chains (MC) and surface age as the only predictor. The overall model developed here using multilevel analysis and incorporating the significantly contributing factors predicts earlier deterioration than the MC model currently used. The latter predicts 70% of segments to be in good condition at the age of 5 years, whereas the first predicts only 49%.
Spatio-Temporal Crash Prediction: Effects of Negative Sampling on Understanding Network-Level Crash Occurrence
Authors: Way Peter , Roland Jeremiah , Sartipi Mina , Osman Osama
Published: February 2021

In projects centered around rare event case data, the challenge of data comprehension is greatly increased because of insufficient data for deriving insight and analysis. This is particularly the case with traffic crash occurrence, where positive events (crashes) are rare and, in most cases, no data set exists for negative events (non-crashes). One method to increase available data is negative sampling, which is the process of creating a negative event based on the absence of a positive event. In this work, four negative sampling techniques are presented with varying ratios of negative to positive data. These types of techniques are based on spatial data, temporal data, and a mixture of the two, with the data ratios acting as class balancing tools. The best performing model found was with a negative sampling technique that shifted temporal information and had an even 50/50 data split, with an F-1 score, a formulaic combination of precision and recall, of 93.68. These results are promising for Inteligent Transportation Systems (ITS) applications to inform of potential crash locations in an entire area for proactive measures to be put in place.