bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Typological Variants of Spontaneous Physical Activities, Morph Functional Status and Vegetative Homeostasis for Newborns in Late Neonatal Period
Authors: Tomilova E. A. , Kolpakov V. V. , Bespalova T. V. , Gordiychuk S. N.
Published: April 2024

The authors present systematic interactions of spontaneous physical activities, morph functional status and vegetative homeostasis for newborns in late neonatal period. The methodological basis is conception of typological variability for physiological human individuality. There are 137 newborns (71 boys and 66 girls) in late neonatal period (10–14 days). The methods are the complex evaluation of physical child development according to the tables of centile types, the determination of spontaneous motor activity (SMA) during daily cycle, the evaluation of main cardiovascular system data and daily monitoring Heart Rate, the data of heart rhythm variability, the study of phsyco-motor status on muscles tonus basis which are responsible for reflexes and movement. The results of research show the typological variability of spontaneous physical activities among health population newborns in neonatal period and presents three functional types: children with low, medium, high spontaneous physical activities. Complex evaluation of morph functional data, vegetative homeostasis, phsyco-motor status among children with different SMA identify three variants of physiological norm for development: tonic (low SMA), harmonic (medium SMA) and kinetic (high SMA).
Cognitive Functions of the Brain: a Review of Research in Weightlessness
Authors: Lipshits M. I. , Levik Yu. S.
Published: April 2024

The review is devoted to the role of gravity in the implementation of human cognitive functions. The influence of weightlessness on various aspects of cognitive activity is considered, such as the choice of a vertical, the formation of a reference system, including the time coordinate, the recognition of the symmetry of complex shapes, the processes of memorizing and recognizing images, and orientation in three-dimensional labyrinths. It is described how the EEG activity of the brain in response to visual stimuli changes in weightlessness. It is shown that in weightlessness there are not only changes in the work of reflex mechanisms, but also restructuring at the level of the cognitive system, in particular, “reprogramming” of sensorimotor systems, and the development of new skills for the functioning of the brain in changed conditions.
Search for Functional Markers of the Hippocampus Including in the Pathological Process
Authors: Boldyreva G. N. , Kuleva A. Yu. , Sharova E. V. , Galkin M. V. , Masherov E. L. , Krotkova O. A.
Published: April 2024

We studied the features of EEG and visual memory processes in 27 patients with a mediobasal regions extracerebral tumor of right and left hemispheres. According to neuroimaging (MRI) and morphometry, the degree of hippocampus involvement in pathological process was assessed. The predominant concentration of irritative-epileptiform signs in the affected hemisphere, as well as the presence of atypical alpha-rhythm episodes in the tumor projection zone, were classified as EEG markers of tumor compressive effect on the hippocampus. Signs of non-identical involvement of the right and left hippocampi in the pathological process were found in the form of a predominance of irritative signs in the left hemisphere throughout the group as a whole. Equivalent dipole sources (EDS) of atypical alpha rhythm are more confined to hippocampal structures than irritative EEG patterns. Neuropsychological testing of visual memory did not reveal significant disturbances in memory processes at this stage of the disease.
Differentiation of the Functional Systems of Speech and Language and the Study of the Differences of the Neural Networks That Support Them
Authors: Malanchuk I. G. , Orlov V. A. , Kartashov S. I. , Malakhov D. G.
Published: April 2024

The paper deals with the problem of differentiation of human speech and language systems. Based on the modern ideas in the field of speech psychology, speech study, intonology, the concept of units (forms) of speech as non-linguistic phenomena is formed. These phenomena function as translators of illocutionary meanings in human communication, which mostly are communicative and social goals, as well as the quality of social relations. To support the concept of “Speech vs. Language”, the results of an fMRI study conducted on a sample collection of adults are presented. The differences between the neural networks of the human brain that provide the perception of natural forms of oral speech having the same pragmasemantic content – the actual speech and the minimal structure of speech-language signals are established. Due to the data obtained, the prospects of research related to the analysis of functional connectivity in the structures of two types of networks, as well as with the sequential complication of the speech and language components of the statement and the presentation of multimodal multilevel natural speech-communicative stimuli are discussed. The analysis of the differences between the processes and neural networks of speech and language is important for the development of speech synthesis technologies, diagnostic and communicative artificial intelligence.
The Effectiveness of Detecting Thematic Relations of Objects in 3–6 Years Old Children
Authors: Kurgansky A. V. , Zakharova M. N. , Kayumov D. D. , Antonova S. Yu.
Published: April 2024

In this work, the ability of preschoolers aged 3–6 to detect and understand the thematic connections of objects was assessed. Children (95 children; 53 girls and 42 boys) of four age groups of 3, 4, 5 and 6 years old (respectively, 17, 33, 18 and 27 children) solved two tasks aimed at the detection of thematic relations of objects within the framework of the standard “yes–no” procedure. In the first task, it was required to indicate whether the image of the shown object was relevant to a given context (the “object-context” task, O–C), and in the second – whether two objects were related thematically (the “object–object” task, O–O). A touch screen computer was used to present images and record motor responses. For each task, we measured the accuracy scores (the proportion of correct responses) and the delay in the motor response “yes” or “no” relative to the moment the image was presented (reaction time). Two components of the reaction time were analyzed separately: the duration of the latent phase and the duration of the overt movement towards the response button. With age, the accuracy of solving both tasks increased, and the time required to discover the thematic connection (reaction time) decreased. At the same time, the accuracy scores were lower, and the detection time was longer in the O–O task compared to the O–C. The gender of the child did not affect the accuracy value, and affected only the duration of the motor (but not the latent) phase of the motor response, and only in the O–O task. The data obtained show that (i) the O–O task is more difficult than the O–C task, and that this may be due to the necessity to activate the thematic links of two objects in the O–O task instead of just one, as in the O–C task, and (ii) the process of activation of thematic links probably does not end in the latent phase of the motor response and continues during its movement phase. The question of the extent to which the success and duration of the process of detecting the thematic links of objects can limit the success of cognitive planning in preschoolers aged 3–6 is also discussed.
The Influence of the Masker on the Localization of the Moving Signal in the Horizontal Plane
Authors: Agaeva M. Yu. , Nikitin N. I.
Published: April 2024

The effect of the masker on the localization of the moving signal was investigated in the free field conditions. Bandpass noise bursts (5–18 kHz) were used to create a signal and a masker. The signal and the mask were uncorrelated stimuli and were created from two independent noise bursts. The stationary masker was always on the right at an angle of 15 degrees. The moving signals traveled to or from the masker along two paths located at two places (–86°…–52° and –52°…–18°). The signal and the masker of 1 s duration each were presented either simultaneously or with a delay of the signal onset relative to the masker onset. The delay varied from 1 to 40 ms and 1200 ms. The subjects localized the start and end points of the trajectory of the moving sounds. Localization of the start and end points of the signal in masking condition was compared with localization of the moving source alone. Results showed that the masker affected the start and end points of the signal trajectory. The shift depended on the direction of movement. The starting points were always shifted in the direction of motion of the signal. The end points were shifted in the opposite the direction.
Immunological Aspects of Reactivation of Latent Infections in Space Flight and Antarctica
Authors: Shulgina S. M. , Rykova M. P. , Kutko O. V. , Shmarov V. A. , Antropov E. N. , Zhirova E. A. , Lysenko E. A. , Orlova K. D. , Vlasova D. D. , Ponomarev S. A.
Published: April 2024

The complex of space flight (SF) factors can have a negative impact on the human organism, including the innate and adaptive immunity. One of the negative effects of impaired functional activity of the immune system is a decrease of latent infections immunological control. During short- and long-term SF, reactivation of latent viruses was shown, while the virus was detected in body fluids for some time after returning to Earth. Despite the fact that in most cases reactivation was asymptomatic, there are fears that during long expeditions into deep space, reactivation of latent pathogens can lead to the development of diseases that are dangerous to the crewmembers health. There is a lot of data about the viral pathogens reactivation in SF, but the reactivation of bacterial agents in cosmonauts has received almost no attention. Due to the complexity of conducting research in space, an important role is played by ground-based analog experiments that simulate the space station conditions. One of the most significant analogues of SF is the long-term Antarctic expedition, which makes it possible to obtain unique information about the effect of isolation, increased mental and physiological stress on the latent pathogens reactivation. Currently, latency is increasingly considered as a symbiotic existence of a pathogen and host, during which the human body acquires additional resistance to certain infectious agents. Thus, an important task of the upcoming research is a comprehensive analysis of the personal immunological status in the SF, establishing its relationship with the latent infections reactivation and developing systems for monitoring, preventing and treating the negative consequences of reactivation.
Mechanical Stability of the Surface of Quartz Glass Subjected to Fine Annealing
Authors: Eron’ko S. B. , Chmel A. E. , Shcherbakov I. P.
Published: April 2024

The results of studying the state of the surface of silica glass with a high content of OH groups obtained by high-temperature hydrolysis of SiCl4 and that it finely annealed are presented. A comparison of the IR reflection spectra before and after annealing showed the decomposition of silanol groups with the release of water from the material and the appearance of nonbridging Si–O– groups. Some of the nonbridging bonds are reduced to form three- and four-membered siloxane rings. To assess the change in the mechanical properties of the glass surface during annealing, the samples were subjected to point impact damage, in which the intensity of microcrack accumulation in the damaged layer were controlled by acoustic emission method. The marked attenuation of the mechanical strength of the annealed glass surface is attributed to the formation of small siloxane rings and a decrease in the connectivity of the silicate network due to the presence of residual nonbridging bonds.
Electrical Transport and Thermal Properties of NdBa1 – xMgxFeCo0.5Cu0.5O5 + δ (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.40) Solid Solutions
Authors: Chizhova E. A. , Klyndyuk A. I. , Zhuravleva Ya. Yu. , Shevchenko S. V.
Published: April 2024

NdBa1 – xMgxFeCo0.5Cu0.5O5 + δ (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.40) double perovskites are synthesized by the ceramic method and their structure, oxygen nonstoichiometry (δ), and thermal and electrical transport properties are studied. NdBa1 – xMgxFeCo0.5Cu0.5O5 + δ compounds have a tetragonal structure (space group P4/mmm) and are semiconductors of the p-type, whose electrical conductivity characteristics at elevated temperatures changes to metal-like characteristics due to the release of oxygen from the samples (δ). The partial replacement of barium with magnesium in NdBaFeCo0.5Cu0.5O5 + δ leads to a decrease in the oxygen content (δ) in the solid solutions formed in this case, an increase in the size of their unit cell and the thermo-EMF coefficient, and a decrease in the thermal stability, linear thermal expansion coefficient, and electrical conductivity. The values of electrical transport energy, weighted mobility, and concentration of charge carriers in the studied materials are calculated.
Effect of Oxides of Various Metals on the Physicochemical Properties of Glass in the PbO–CdO–SiO2–B2O3–Al2O3 System
Authors: Lozinskii N. S. , Moroz Ya. A. , Lopanov A. N.
Published: April 2024

The physicochemical processes occurring in glasses of the PbO–CdO–SiO2–B2O3–Al2O3 system after high-temperature contact with oxides of various metals—CuO, NiO, Al2O3, TiO2, Nb2O5, and WO3, as well as the electrical resistance of the obtained glasses—are studied by X-ray phase analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance. It is established that these properties are determined by the acid-base and redox properties of the oxides and glasses, which directly depend on the content of the O2– ion in each specific composition.
Nature of the Local Environment of Atoms in Ge3Sb2Te6, Ge2Sb2Te5, GeSb2Te4, and GeSb4Te7 Amorphous and Crystalline Films
Authors: Bordovsky G. A. , Marchenko A. V. , Nasredinov F. S. , Petrushin Yu. A. , Seregin P. P.
Published: April 2024

The valence state and local environment of atoms in Ge3Sb2Te6, Ge2Sb2Te5, GeSb2Te4, and GeSb4Te7 amorphous and crystalline films are determined by Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS) on isotopes 119Sn, 121Sb, and 125Te. In crystalline films, divalent germanium is located in octahedral positions in a rhombohedrally distorted NaCl-type of lattice, whereas in amorphous films, tetravalent germanium atoms form a tetrahedral system of chemical bonds. In all films, the nearest environment of germanium contains predominantly tellurium atoms. Trivalent antimony atoms in crystalline and amorphous films occupy two types of octahedral positions differing in the degree of distortion, and in the nearest environment of antimony there are tellurium atoms. Finally, in all films, the local structures of tellurium atoms correspond to tellurium structural units in the GeTe and Sb2Te3 compounds.
Synthesis and Sorption Properties of Microsphere Zeolite Materials Based on Coal Fly Ash Cenospheres with Respect to Cs+ and Sr2+
Authors: Kutikhina E. A. , Mazurova E. V. , Buyko O. V. , Vereshchagina T. A. , Anshits A. G.
Published: April 2024

The effect of the hydrothermal synthesis conditions (temperature, duration, mixing), composition, and presynthetic processing of narrow fractions of cenospheres of fly ash, which act as a template and source of Si and Al, on the production of microspherical zeolite materials of the given structural type in the Na2O–H2O–(SiO2–Al2O3)glass of two molar compositions is studied. The synthesis products are characterized by XRD, SEM-EDS, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, and their sorption properties in relation to Cs+ and Sr2+ are studied. The factors contributing to the predominant formation of NaX zeolite of the faujasite structural type are revealed. It is established that zeolite products based on cenospheres with a glass phase content of about 95 wt % demonstrate the highest sorption parameters, including the maximum capacity for Cs+ and Sr2+ of up to 250 and 180 mg/g, distribution coefficient of about 104 and 106 mL/g, and degree of extraction of 99.1 and 99.9%, respectively.
Physicochemical Substantiation of Obtaining Porous Glass Materials from Silica-Containing Raw Materials
Authors: Manakova N. Лю , Suvorova O. V. , Semushin V. V.
Published: April 2024

The results of research on the production of porous glass materials for thermal insulation based on silica-containing technogenic waste and nepheline are presented. The effect of modifying additives on the physical and technical properties of foamed materials is studied, and their optimal quantity and ratio are determined. It is shown that the introduction of a mixture of chalk and gypsum into the charge can significantly increase the strength (by a factor of 1.8–2) and reduce the water absorption of foam glass materials.
The Laws of 2D-Nanofiller Aggregation in Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Kozlov G. V. , Dolbin I. V. , Magomedov Gus. M.
Published: April 2024

The aggregation process of 2D nanofillers (organoclay and graphene oxide (GO)) is studied within the framework of micromechanical models. The degree of aggregation of these nanofillers, expressed as the number of individual plates in one aggregate (tactoid), is determined by the ratio of the nominal moduli of elasticity of the nanofiller and the matrix polymer. It is found that increasing the first of these moduli leads to an increase in the degree of aggregation, whereas increasing the second one, leads to its reduction. This means that it is practically impossible to obtain exfoliated (separate) graphene plates in a polymer matrix. Both the studied polymer/2D nanofiller nanocomposites are reinforced with separate nanofiller aggregates, which is the optimal variant of reinforcing them.
Intensification of the Dealkalization Process of Silicate Glasses with Acid Gases
Authors: Sharagov V. A. , Kurikeru G. I.
Published: April 2024

The results of studies on the intensification of the dealkalization process of alkaline silicate industrial and synthesized glasses with acid gases are analyzed and summarized. The composition of the reaction products of glasses with gaseous reagents is identified using X-ray phase analysis, X-ray spectral electron probe microanalysis, thermal analysis, flame photometry, and quantitative chemical analysis. The physicochemical properties of industrial glassware modified with gaseous reagents are determined in laboratory and factory experiments. Ways of intensifying the dealkalization process of silicate glasses with acid gases are discussed.
Cluster Self-Organization of Crystal-Forming Systems: New Three-Layer (K155 = Al@Al6Pd8@Pd12Al30@Pd8Сo18Al72) and Double-Layer (K55 = Co@Al12@Co12Al30) Precursor Clusters for the Self-Assembly of the Pd112Co204Al684-cP1000 Crystal Structure
Authors: Shevchenko V. Ya. , Ilyushin G. D.
Published: April 2024

Geometric and topological analysis of the Pd112Co204Al684-cP1000 crystal structure with the sp. gr. Pa-3, a = 24.433 Å, and V = 14587.24 Å3 is performed using the ToposPro software package. Metal precursor clusters of crystalline structures are determined using an algorithm for decomposing structural graphs into cluster structures and by constructing a basic grid of the structure in the form of a graph whose nodes correspond to the position of the centers of precursor clustersA total of 26 906 variants of the cluster representation of a 3D atomic mesh with the number of structural units ranging from 3 to 12 are established. The self-assembly of the crystal structure from new three-layer K155(4a) = Al@Al6Pd8)@Pd12Al30@Pd8Co18Al72 and bilayer precursor clusters K55(4b) = Co@Al12@Co12Al30 with symmetry g = –3 is considered. In the unit cell, positions 4a are occupied by Al atoms, which are the central atoms of the 15-atom polyhedron K15(4a) = Al@Al8Pd6, and positions 4b are occupied by Co atoms, which are the central atoms of the 13-atom icosahedron K13(4b) = Co@Al12. The symmetric and topological code of the processes of self-assembly of 3D structures from precursor clusters K155 and K55 is reconstructed as follows: primary chain → microlayer → microframework. Al atoms are established as spacers occupying voids in the 3D framework of the K155 and K55 nanoclusters.
Thermal Behavior (–180 ≤ T ≤ 1000°C) of Magnesium Orthosilicate Hydroxylclinohumite Mg5(SiO4)2(OH,F)2
Authors: Biryukov Ya. P. , Bubnova R. S. , Firsova V. A.
Published: April 2024

Hydroxylclinohumite Mg5(SiO4)2(OH,F)2 is a common monoclinic orthosilicate of the humite group, which, on the one hand, is a prototype of promising materials, and, on the other hand, is an important source of information about both the transport and the presence of water in the Earth’s mantle, and therefore studying its thermal behavior is of particular interest. In this paper, the mineral is studied by powder X-ray diffraction for the first time in a wide temperature range (–180 ≤ T ≤ 1000°C). The temperature limits for the existence of the phase are established, the principal values of the thermal expansion tensor are calculated, and a structural interpretation of thermal expansion is given.
Study of the Electrophysical Properties of Solid Solutions with a Perovskite Structure in La2O3–SrO–Ni(Co,Fe)2O3–δ Systems for Cathode Electrodes for Fuel Cells
Authors: Kalinina M. V. , Dyuskina D. A. , Polyakova I. G. , Arsent’ev M. Yu. , Shilova O. A.
Published: April 2024

Finely dispersed mesoporous powders of the following composition are synthesized by the method of cocrystallization of nitrate salts with ultrasonic treatment: La1–xSrxNiO3–δ, La1–xSrxCoO3–δ, and La1–xSrxFe0.7Ni0.3O3–δ (x = 0.30; 0.40). Based on them, ceramic nanomaterials of the given composition with a coherent scattering region (CSR) of ~65–69 nm (1300°С) are obtained. Ceramics fired at 1300°C are single-phase and have a tetragonal and orthorhombic perovskite-type structure in the La2O3‒SrO‒Ni(Co,Fe)2O3–δ system. Solid solutions have mixed electron–ion conductivity with transfer numbers te = 0.98–0.90 and ti = 0.02–0.10. Ceramics with a tetragonal perovskite-type crystal structure exhibit higher electrical conductivity than materials having an orthorhombic perovskite-type crystal structure. According to their electrophysical properties related to the structural features of solid solutions, ceramic materials obtained based on them are promising as solid oxide cathodes for average-temperature fuel cells.
Crystallization of Sodium Borosilicate Glass with the Addition of Cr2O3
Authors: Konon M. Yu. , Polyakova I. G. , Saratovskii A. S. , Danilovich D. P. , Anfimova I. N.
Published: April 2024

Glass composition of 6Na2O 22B2O3·70SiO2·2Cr2O3 is studied by scanning electron microscopy, X‑ray powder diffractometry (XRPD), and differential thermal analysis, depending on the duration of heat treatment at a temperature of 550°C. It is established that during heat treatment for 24–96 h, a phase separation structure with interpenetrating phases is formed in the studied glass, and a crystalline phase of eskolaite—Cr2O3 is also formed. With the maximum heat treatment duration of 96 h, cristobalite is formed in the bulk of the glass, which is accompanied by a decrease in the glass transition temperature of the low-viscosity phase. In this case, the intensity of eskolaite peaks decreases. Cr2O3 and SiO2 crystallize apparently due to the substance of the low-viscosity phase.
Cluster Self-Organization of Intermetallic Systems: Cluster Precursors K4, K5, and K9 for the Self-Assembly of Zr72P36-oS108, Zr18Ni22-tI40, and Zr4Ni4-oS8 Crystal Structures
Authors: Shevchenko V. Ya. , Ilyushin G. D.
Published: April 2024

Using computer methods (ToposPro software package), a combinatorial topological analysis and modeling of the self-assembly of Zr72P36-oS108 (a = 29.509 Å, b = 19.063 Å, c = 3.607 Å, V = 2029.49 Å3, Cmmm), Zr18Ni22-tI40 (a = b = 9.880 Å, c = 6.610 Å, V = 645.23 Å3, I4/m, and Zr4Ni4-oS8 (a = 3.271 Å, b = 9.931 Å, c = 4.107 Å, V = 133.43 Å3, Cmcm) crystal structures are carried out. For the crystal structure of Zr72P36-oS108, 40 variants of the cluster representation of the 3D atomic net with the number of structural units 5, 6, and 7 are established. Structural units in the form of a pyramid K5 = 0@PZr4, tetrahedron K4 = 0@Zr4, and supratetrahedron K9 = Zr(Zr4P4) of four connected tetrahedra. For the crystal structure of Zr18Ni22-tI40 also defined supratetrahedra K9 = Ni(Zr4Ni4) are defined. For the crystal structure of Zr4Ni4-oS8, the tetrahedral cluster precursor K4 = Zr2Ni2 is defined. The symmetry and topological code of the processes of self-assembly of 3D structures from cluster precursors is reconstructed in the following form: primary chain → layer → framework.
Study of the Resistive Properties of Lead Silicate Glasses after Chemical Impact
Authors: Ashkhotov O. G. , Ashkhotova I. B. , Magkoev T. T.
Published: April 2024

The change in the resistive characteristics of lead silicate glasses (LSGs) after treatment in alkaline and acid solutions is studied. It is established that the chemical treatment of glasses and, accordingly, blanks of microchannel plates (MCPs) affects the high-temperature ionic conductivity at a constant activation energy of electrical conductivity. It is shown that the treatment of glasses in NaOH and HF solutions can significantly change the electrical resistance.
Sol-Gel Synthesis of Nanosized Powders and Obtaining Ceramic Composites Based on Zircon and Zirconium Oxide
Authors: Ugolkov V. L. , Koval’chuk N. A. , Osipov A. V. , Mezentseva L. P.
Published: April 2024

Nanosized precursor powders of (1 – x)ZrSiO4‒xZrO(OH)2 are synthesized by the sol-gel method with the separate precipitation of components to obtain (1 – x)ZrSiO4‒xZrO2 ceramic composites. The thermal behavior of precursor powders is studied by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry (DSC/TG). Ceramic composites with a high level of microhardness are obtained by sintering powders, preliminarily calcined at 850°C, in air in the temperature range 1000‒1300°C. In the future, such ceramic composites can be used as matrices for solidification and isolating high-level waste (HLW).
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Novel Organo-Inorganic Hybrid Borate, K[B5O6(OH)4][B(OH)3]2(H2O)(C10H20O5)2
Authors: Yukhno V. A. , Charkin D. O. , Volkov S. N. , Manelis L. S. , Gosteva A. N. , Aksenov S. M. , Bubnova R S.
Published: April 2024

Crystals of a novel hybrid organo-inorganic borate, K[B5O6(OH)4][B(OH)3]2(H2O)(C10H20O5)2 (1), were obtained from aqueous solutions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. 1 is triclinic (a = 10.1567(4), b = 11.9941(6), c = 17.1893(9) Å, α = 75.280(4), β = 79.406(4), γ = 88.531(4)°, V = 1990.270369 Å3, SG P-1; R1 = 0.058). Its structure contains [K(C10H20O5)2]+ groups which behave as “hydrophobic” templates for the inorganic part comprised of B5O6(OH)4 anions and neutral B(OH)3 molecules.
Study of the Stability of Zeolites in Model Biological Environments
Authors: Ul’yanova N. Yu. , Brazovskaya E. Yu. , Golubeva O. Yu.
Published: April 2024

The stability of synthetic and natural zeolites in model biological media simulating the environment of the stomach (pH 1.8), blood plasma (pH 6.9), and intestines (pH 8) is studied. The effect of long-term exposure (up to 7 days) to biological media on the crystal structure of Beta, Rho, Y, and clinoptilolite zeolites is studied. The degree of degradation of the crystal structure of zeolites is controlled by X-ray phase analysis. Based on the results obtained, conclusions are drawn on the prospects for the use of synthetic and natural zeolites as drug carriers.
Synthesis and Structure of New Potassium and Cesium Zinc Diphosphates
Authors: Tsygankova D. I. , Sinel’shchikova O. Yu. , Ugolkov V. L.
Published: April 2024

This article presents the results of a study of new solid solutions formed in the system of diphosphates of alkaline elements and zinc: K2Zn3(P2O7)2–Cs2Zn3(P2O7)2. The obtained materials are promising as matrices for creating phosphors. The formation of phases containing two alkali cations is established on samples obtained by solid-phase synthesis by X-ray phase analysis, and the results of studying their thermal stability are presented.
Weather Resistance of Organosilicate Coatings in a Tropical Climate Depending on the Choice of the Pigment
Authors: Voshchikov V. I. , Krasil’nikova L. N. , Nguyên Chi Văn , Nikolaev A. M. , Aseev V. A. , Shilova O. A.
Published: April 2024

The results of a study of the weather resistance of protective and decorative organosilicate coatings prepared using organosilicate compositions based on polydimethylphenylsiloxane as a binder and hydrosilicates as fillers are presented. The color of the coatings varies due to the use of pigments: natural FeOx minerals of yellow, red-brown, and brown shades of flowers. Using X-ray phase and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, it is established that the composition of minerals is primarily determined by iron oxides in the crystalline modification of hematite (α-Fe2O3) and goethite (α-FeO(OH)). Pigments contain a small number of impurity compounds of a number of elements that contribute to the color range of the coatings. Organosilicate coatings are exposed for 11 months in the tropical climate of two climatic zones of Vietnam (in the suburbs of Nha Trang and Ho Chi Minh City). The high corrosion resistance and color stability of the coatings are established during the entire test period. According to slight changes in the color and gloss, revealed by spectrophotometric and photoelectric methods, it is shown that higher resistance to solar radiation and other adverse climatic factors is typical for coatings with a brown pigment based on hematite; and the lowest, with a yellow pigment based on goethite.
Study on the Influence of Low Temperatures on the Physicochemical Properties of Xerogels, Powders and Ceramics Based on ZrO2
Authors: Belousova O. L. , Kuznetsova V. A. , Fedorenko N. Yu. , Ugolkov V. L. , Khamova T. V. , Shilova O. A.
Published: April 2024

By using the method of coprecipitation of hydroxides in the ZrO2–CaO–MgO system, xerogels, powders, and ceramics based on them are obtained. The effect of low temperatures during the preparation of precursors on the phase composition and physicochemical properties of the materials is studied. It is shown that the use of precipitate’s cryotreatment makes it possible to reduce the open porosity and water absorption of the ceramics.
Molecular Dynamics Modeling of the Grade E Borosilicate Glass Structure Using a Crystal Structural Template
Authors: Makarov G. I. , Makarova T. M.
Published: April 2024

A new method for molecular dynamics (MD) modeling of the glass structure using a crystal structural template is proposed. The template is based on the unit cell of the crystalline phase, whose composition is qualitatively similar to the modeled glass. Using this approach and multistage MD simulation, the model of the spatial structure of grade E borosilicate glass, reproducing its physicochemical characteristics, is obtained. The proposed method enables to model the glass structure using classical MD methods with greater productivity and stability.
Innovations in the EU communication policy
Authors: Kondratieva Natalia Borisovna
Published: April 2024

The objectives and mechanisms of the European Union (EU) communication policy are considered. The article is based on the author's definition of the EU political myths as the main messages of its official communications, which contain imaginative ideas about the values of the EU and a guide to action to achieve the ideal. Communication policy has been studied as a tool to preserve the sustainability of EU values and to consolidate them on the agenda. A review of the official sources and the works of European think tanks allowed us to reveal its transformations in modern conditions. They consist in greater wastefulness and regularity of communications, increased requirements for communicators. Official Brussels gives priority to active communications (conferences and other forms of discussion of norms and strategies involving stakeholders) as the most effective in terms of influencing public opinion and, presumably, uses triangulation tactics. In passive communications (in reports, brochures, communitations on the results of activities), transformations consist in the establishment of mandatory organization standards and criteria for submitting information - modernity, reasonableness, added value for the EU. Taking into account the experience of the EU, recommendations are given for the EAEU.
Evolution of the arctic strategy of the Federal Republic of Germany
Authors: Popov Ivan Dmitrievich , Podoplekin Andrey Olegovich
Published: April 2024

The article traces the development of the Arctic strategy of the Federal Republic of Germany in order to identify the evolution of its priorities and main factors. In the understanding of the Arctic strategy, two opposite approaches were formed among German official circles: pragmatic, aimed at maximum extracting economic benefits with rather modest claims for international legal regulation of the Arctic regime and ecocentric which proceeds from the environmental protection priority of the Arctic region and insists on more active international positioning of Germany to solve these problems. Each approach was represented by certain political forces, groups of interests and even ministries. During the 2010s, the pragmatic approach was gradually being replaced by the ecocentric. On the other hand, Germany was more and more skeptical about the possibility of preventing a geopolitical race in the Arctic and therefore systematically expanded its military presence in the region. German Arctic policy is based on current international law and institutions, as well as focuses on the aspiration to bring more strict environmental and technical standards to them, and wide financial support of Arctic research and the assertion of its freedom; synchronization with the Arctic policy of the EU; consideration for the interests of the indigenous population; technological export; active prevention of global warming and expansion of marine protected areas in the Arctic.
The battle on the river Somme and the historical politics in Britain
Authors: Ulyanov Pavel Vladimirovich
Published: April 2024

The article focuses on the commemorative experience of Britain in the context of a systematic study of the policy of memory at the present stage of the country's development. The main purpose of the study is to analyse the forms and ways of representing the Battle of the Somme in modern Britain as a historical reality, highlighting the main features of the British experience of preserving the memory of this event and transmitting it for a mass audience. The author proposes an attempt to trace the development of ideas in scientific and popular science materials concerning the event as a collective trauma, the memory of which has been reflected in British historiography since its formation in 1916. The collective memory of the events of the First World War in Britain is often ambiguous and debatable, especially the Battle of the Somme, which changed people's perception of armed conflicts. As part of the study of the British politics of memory, it was revealed that the "historical narrative" of the battle is to glorify the exploits of the expeditionary forces on the Western Front and at the same time criticise the commanders of the armed forces responsible for massive combat losses.
The phenomenon of unfriendly multilateralism inside the “collective” West
Authors: Trunov Philipp Olegovich
Published: April 2024

The article examines the evolution of multilateralism on the examples of its unfriendly variety in political sphere. The study focuses not on the relations between the West and non-West, but on the situation inside the former. The examples of unfriendly multilateral structures are AUKUS and the Partners in the Blue Pacific. They are aimed not only at containing China but also at limiting the strategic penetration of Germany and France in the Indo-Pacific region. Concentrating on these examples, the article explores the key reason for the tendency, using the concept of the world-system theory for Euro-Atlantic community and the “collective” West. The core of Anglo-Saxon countries led by the USA and the UK has been strongly concerned of the growing strategic autonomy of the semi-periphery. Its key elements are France and Germany. The study demonstrates the differences between leadership styles, hard and soft hegemony in the US foreign policy as a reaction to the relations between the core and the semi-periphery. It also covers German approach to the EU strategic autonomy in conjunction with Europeanization of NATO and its activities in various fields. One of the conclusions is the absence of examples of unfriendly multilateralism toward the Western partners in policy of key semi-periphery actors.
Russia and European Countries: statistical assessment of differences in the level of gender differentiation
Authors: Komar Oksana Nikolaevna
Published: April 2024

The article provides a comprehensive statistical assessment of the level of gender differentiation in Russia and European countries. A consolidated rating of the level of gender differentiation has been developed, calculated as the sum of a country's ranks in three indices: gender inequality (GII), gender social norms (GSNI) and Women, Business and the Law (WBL). The countries have been ranked based on this rating. An in-depth analysis of the constituent elements of each index was made. The positions of the Russian Federation were compared with those of the European countries, leading in the ranking. The main sources of information for the calculations were the statistical data of the United Nations, the World Bank, and the demographic statistics of Rosstat. It has been established that the Russian Federation should strengthen legal protection in the field of gender. Measures have been proposed to help reduce gender inequality. They have been tested on the basis of a quantitative assessment of the forecast level of the Women, Business and Law index for the Russian Federation.
Challenges to freedom of religion or belief in the European multicultural context (the case of religious education)
Authors: Miroshnikova Elena Mikhaylovna
Published: April 2024

The article analyses a new perspective to the religious factor in the public sphere on the example of religious education in public schools, suggested by the international Research Project Atlas of Religious or Belief Minorities Rights in the EU. The author underlines the high level of the theoretical, methodological and practical research of the Project Atlas. The article aims to outline the main trends, innovations and perspectives of the religious education in public schools, using the results and recommendations of the Project Atlas. To achieve this goal, the author examines 4 clusters: the diversity of models of the religious education, how R/B education is provided, the right to be exempted from the R/B instruction, manifestation of Religion/Belief at school: religious symbols, religious holidays, dietary requirements. It is revealed that the recommended approach to provide all minorities the right to teach their religions and beliefs in public schools creates new issues in the context of multiculturalism in terms of the legal status and practical curriculum. The author emphasises the benefits of the non-confessional model proposed by Culture and Religion Studies, within which cultural and religious diversity can be maintained and can flourish for the common good.
EU travel restrictions for russian citizens: political and legal issues
Authors: Voynikov Vadim Valentinovich
Published: April 2024

2022 is a period of significant deterioration in relations between Russia and the EU. Apart from introduction of additional restrictive measures provided by the European Union law, for the first time the EU has taken measures aimed at travel ban of citizens of the Russian Federation, thus extending sanctions to ordinary citizens. Such actions can be qualified as attempts to create adverse environment for the Russian Federation. Measures taken at the national and union level to restrict entry are solely due to the citizenship of the foreigner. For the EU countries, this is certainly a new phenomenon in political and legal practice that needs adequate analysis. The purpose of this article is to comprehensively analyse measures to restrict the entry of Russian citizens into the EU in order to identify their key characteristics, possible consequences, as well as their compliance with the basic principles of a modern democratic society. The author comes to the conclusion that measures on travel ban for Russian citizens, with the exception of the suspension of the Agreement between the European Community and the Russian Federation on the facilitation of the issuance of visas to the citizens of the European Union and the Russian Federation, do not comply with either the EU law or current international law. The most controversial and illegal are the national measures to ban the entry of Russian citizens into the territory of a certain EU countries bordering the Russian Federation. The author believes that these measures are inherently counterproductive, since they harm ordinary citizens and do not bring any political or economic benefit to the countries that introduce them.
Accelerated universities: European and Asian experience
Authors: Vodopianova Elena Viktorovna
Published: April 2024

Using socio-cultural methodology, as well as comparative analysis and data from the most authoritative agencies in the field of global university rankings, the article scrutinises examples of the successful creation of some newly founded universities in Europe, Asia and Russia. The main purpose of the study is, firstly, to outline the socio-cultural background, and, secondly, to compare the features of the entry of relatively recently emerged universities among the world leaders. The article reveals that along with the traditional resource sources of university efficiency, such socio-cultural dominant idea of modernity as the ubiquitous “acceleration of time“ characteristic of the global era of the knowledge economy begins to play an equally important role in achieving the latter. It is established that young universities appear as an up-to-date version of the response to the challenges of modern culture as a marker of acceleration of social time. Accelerated university is defined as a university that has reached a world-class level in several decades, often with uncertain future prospects. It is argued that of all the examples considered in the article, it is the University of Skoltech that currently proves to be almost completely confirming this definition. The evolution of a young university is considered as the result of a risky innovation, the success of which is not a foregone conclusion, and is also subject to constant changes.
State and civil society: peculiarities of the german approach
Authors: Timoshenkova Ekaterina Petrovna
Published: April 2024

The article is dedicated to the interaction between the German state and civil society (CS). Germany is known as a developed democratic state with a strong CS in which non-governmental organizations play an active role. They also help the German government to implement its foreign policy vision and maintain its image abroad. The article addresses the question whether German NGOs are equal partners of the state and to what extent they are independent in reality. The author analyses the legal status and financing features of German NGOs, examines the concepts of interaction between the state and CSOs and highlights their underlying principles. The study makes a clear distinction between the academic approach and the state/government approach. For this purpose, the author examines theoretical papers by German academics and analyses conducted by the Bundestag, especially the "Ethics Commissions" of 2002, and compares the German approach to NGOs with other international practices. The article reveals the main points of interaction between the state and CSOs during the chancellorship of G. Schroeder and A. Merkel. The red-green coalition model is analyzed in more detail, as it has become the basis of the modern "social contract". The author concludes that there is no civil society in the classical scientific sense in the FRG. The German state not only actively supports its NGOs financially, but also defines the rules of engagement by clearly identifying organizations that seek political influence.
Political mediageography: consumption of feminism in Northern Europe
Authors: Yanglyaeva Marina Mikhaylovna
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of a multidisciplinary analysis of such political constant (political sense) as “feminism”. New aspects of the reaction of societies to the practice of exercising political power in different regions and countries are revealed. The analysis was carried out on the basis of political media geography - a new discipline in political science. The author considers feminism as a political sense that fits well into the framework of “big” ideologies: communism, socialism, capitalism. The author uses the concept of a mental landscape, which can be considered as a way of thinking, attitude to any socially significant phenomena and processes of residents of a certain area, territory. The research is based on big data obtained from Google for the period 2010-2023 - the dynamics of Internet users’ requests in Nordic countries, according to topics that mark the meaning of “feminism”. The study concentrates on a new understanding of Internet bibliometrics, which takes into account the massive interest of users in various topics, expressed in the number of requests for certain keywords or phrases in a certain period of time. The author focuses on the phenomenon of anisotropy of mental landscapes especially in Sweden and Finland. Despite the fact that feminism still remains politically attractive, available empirical data indicate an increasing anisotropy of the mental landscapes of all countries in the region. Popularity of feminism fell below its peak. It is possible to predict the degradation of the ideology, the decline of its role as a factor and instrument of political struggle.