bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploration of Factors to Influence Solid Density Based on the Xerographic Toner Digital Printing Field
Authors: Chen Yan Yan , Chen Guang Xue , Yin Hao
Published: January 2015

With the rapid development of the printing industry, relying on its flexibility and advantage for short-run printing, the use of digital printing in various areas of the market becomes more widely. Digital print quality evaluation and control is particularly important. Among them, the solid density is an important indicator of print quality evaluation. Using different digital printing methods, the factors to influence the density is different. In this paper, two factors that affect xerographic toner solid density were discussed base on the principle of electrostatic imaging and toner transfer and fusing process. Experiments analyzed different transfer supply voltage conditions on CMYK four-color solid density; and the fusing temperature on CMYK four-color solid density. The results showed that: transfer supply voltage and fusing temperature are influential factors on the four-color solid density.
A Preliminary Study on General Printing Design Standards of the High-Grade Book Binding
Authors: Chen Qi Sha , Wang Li Jie , Chen Qiao
Published: January 2015

There are always some cooperative problems between creative design industries and printing industries. In this paper, by analyzing every procedure of design and making a high-grade book to find where standardizations are possibly included or required, we determined basic contents of general printing design standards of the high-grade book binding, pointed out the significance of this standard and described the practicability of making printing design standards of books for the printing industry.
Study on Theoretical Color Model under Multilevel Halftoning
Authors: Jin Yang , Wang Hong Guo , Liang Xue Qin , Zhang Wei Tian
Published: January 2015

Along with the developing of color imaging technique, the application of digital multilevel imaging device increases, such as digital printing press, color printer, electronic engraver for gravure printing and so on. Based on multilevel halftoning technique, some important items, i.e. count of color element, area percentage of color elements, relationship between the percentages of color element and multilevel dots are studied and summarized. Finally, based on Neugebauer equation, a theoretical color model under the condition of multilevel halftoning is constructed.
Effects of Paper on 3D Printing Quality in UV Ink-Jet Printing
Authors: He Liu Xi , Chen Guang Xue , Wang Huan Mei
Published: January 2015

The experiment studied effects of paper on the height and glossiness of UV ink-jet 3D printing. The results showed that there all existed penetrations between the 1st ink layer and three kinds of paper, the bigger the roughness and bulk of paper were, the larger the penetration was, and penetration between the 1st ink and paper was obviously larger than that between two ink layers. Penetration between two ink layers was stable, almost not affected by paper. The bigger the roughness and bulk of paper were, the smaller the glossiness of ink layer was. There appeared directional ink strips on ink layer on three kinds of paper, beginning from the 3rd ink layer, there also appeared ink pits on ink layer on paper whose roughness and bulk were the biggest, which showed printer precision was also an important factor for the glossiness, apart from paper. Thus, the tight and smooth paper should be selected in UV ink-jet 3D printing. Before printing, pretreatment should be done to exclude the influence of the 1st ink layer and the ink strips.
Mathematical Model of the Cell Growth for Methane-Oxidizing Bacteria
Authors: Dong Jing , Wang He Teng , Zhang Ying Xin
Published: January 2015

The dynamic trends of living cell content of methane-oxidizing bacteria during its fermentation process were analyzed. According to the experimental data, mathematical modeling of methane-oxidizing bacteria cell growth was simulated. The results showed that the logistic curve could be used to describe the mathematical modeling of methane-oxidizing bacteria cell growth well. The establishment of the model is the theoretic basis in optimizing the fermentable parameters and analyzing the fermented metabolites.
Research on the Development of Ultra High Pressure Fresh-Keeping Packaging Technology
Authors: Gong Xue , Chang Jiang , Li Dan Ting
Published: January 2015

 Ultra high pressure technology is a new type of non thermal processing technology; it is mainly through the structure of the cell wall and cell membrane and cell space destruction of microorganisms, the protein composition of degeneration, the enzyme activity decreased to achieve the purpose of sterilization. This article from the ultra high pressure technology in aquatic products industry, meat industry and fruit and vegetable and its products industry and other aspects of the application status and development direction of ultra high pressure sterilization technology, hope to be able to provide certain support theory in the study of ultra high pressure technology.
A Color Management Solution for Mobile Terminal Based on ICC Mechanism
Authors: Cai Sheng Yan , Tang Xiao Shuang , Nie Xuan , Zhang Yue
Published: January 2015

To improve color consistency and accuracy of mobile terminal, a color management system for mobile terminal is built based on color management mechanism of International Color Consortium. It comprises a server-side and a client-side. The server-side consists of a computer, a spectrophotometer and relative programs, providing color measurement and profile generation for mobile terminal. Its programs comprise a communication module, a color measurement module and a profile generation module. The client-side is composed of a mobile terminal and relative programs. Its programs comprise a communication module, a screen calibration module, a screen characterization module and a color conversion module. The two communication modules connect all the other modules of two sides. The color management system for mobile terminal is applicable on any operating systems such as Android, iOS and Windows Phone System.
A Scan-Digitizing Algorithm of the Printed Original Based on Use of Near-Neutral Scales
Authors: Xu Xiang Yang , Chen Guang Xue , He Liu Xi , Chen Qiao
Published: January 2015

Scan-digitizing is one of the main ways to digitize the original. Building scanner profiles are usual practice to get the consistent color. In the paper, we describe how to get the best possible ‘Raw RGB’ image from a scanner. First we measured the accuracy of those different input profiles. The profile accuracy depends on the relationship between scanner RGB and the corresponding LAB or XYZ values. Then we compared the range of those input profile tones. The ideal tone response curve can be decided by setting the scanner gamma. So a good input profile can faithfully render the dark and murky appearance of an underexposed image or the washed-out appearance of an overexposed one. In order to get a good scanner profile we proposed a method to determine a suitable tone response curve. A new algorithm was then developed according to N-component LUT-based input profile. Experiments were carried out to compare these scanner profiles. The results showed that the ICC profile generated by the new algorithm has obvious advantages in accuracy and grey predicting.
Predictive Migration Model for Organic Contaminants from Printed Paper (Board) Food Packaging Materials into Food
Authors: Xue Mei Gui , Tian Le Yuan , Yang Yu Chun , Wang Shuang Fei
Published: January 2015

The organic contaminants which in the printing inks or varnish of paper (board) surface can migrate via paper (board) to the packed food (simulants) in the form of gases and do harm to the health of consumers.To predict the concentration of them in the packed food (simulants) at a given storage time, the migration model of them was established. For a sheet of paper consists of several layers of interlaced fibers, the organic contaminants can be traped by the fibers when they penetrate to the inner layers by the capillaries in the printing process, so the linear coefficient of retardationRmwas introduced to modify the Fick’s Laws, and the diffusion equationwas gotten. It demonstrated that the values ofRmincrease with the increasing of molecular weight of surrogates, and decrease with the increasing of migration temperature. And the diffusion coefficientsDpof phenol, 2, 6-Dissopropyl naphthalenes (2,6-DIPNs) and dibuthyl phthalate (DBP) in the kraft paper board were range from 10-5to 10-4at 75°C and 100°C. Then the migration model was validated by migration experimental tests, and the model described the profile of the experimental values very well.
Surface Modification Methods to Improve UV Inkjet Printing Performance of Ceramic
Authors: Zhang Zheng Jian , Yang Li Ying , Zhu Shi Liang , Yang Hai Ying
Published: January 2015

Using UV inkjet printing can achieve three-dimensional printing of ceramic materials, but there is low ink adhesion, easy to fall off and other issues, surface coated modification to high smoothness ceramic materials can solve the above problems [1]. In this study, the silane coupling agent, adhesive, resin and other raw materials prepared for transparent coating, which applied to the surface of the ceramics. The impact of process parameters and coating formulation on the UV print quality of the ceramic base was systematic analyzed, the result shows that the volume concentration of 10% KH550 silane coupling agent as primer, and using 20wt% 102 multipurpose plastic glue for surface coating, better ink adhesion and printing quality can be obtained.
Study on the Combination Mechanism of the Water-Based UV Curable Ink and Paper
Authors: Chu Fu Qiang , Liu Yu Xin , Xu Chang Li
Published: January 2015

The bonding mechanism between water-based UV curable ink and active groups on paper’s fiber during curing process was studied in this paper. Low viscosity water-based UV-cured resin was synthesized by epoxy resins, epoxy diluent, acrylic acid and maleic anhydride in the presence of catalyst. The viscosity of the synthesis system and synthetic products were significantly reduced when epoxy diluent was added to replace parts of the epoxy resin. Epoxy diluent was very useful in reducing the viscosity of the product, but over-dose would have negative effects on the quality of the cured film. The water-based epoxy acrylate prepolymer was used as the substitution for the ink to investigate the binding mechanism between the active groups of prepolymer and fiber under UV irradiation. The prepolymer and photoinitiator were mixed and the mixture was diluted to an appropriate viscosity by a small amount of water, then printed on the paper by the method of analog printing and curred by UV curing machine. The printed paper was used to extract lignin by enzymatic/mild acidolysis. FT-IR was used to characterize the changes of the active groups in lignin. The results showed that the changes of active groups in lignin were founded in the existence of ultraviolet and photoinitiator, which consistent with the change of double bonds in prepolymer. The free radicals produced by photoinitiator in curing process not only promoted the double bonds to polymerize, but also accelerated the active groups of lignin binding. Experiments show that chemical bonds exist between them.
Preparation and Characterization of Poly(Dimethyl Diallyl Ammonium Chloride)/Modified SiO2 Spherical Brushes
Authors: Su Na , Cao Zheng Min
Published: January 2015

Novel cationic spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (CSPB) consisting of γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy-silane (KH-570) modified SiO2cores and poly (Dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride) (PDMDAAC) brushes were prepared by conventional free radical polymerization. The resulting CSPB were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). After cleaving the polyelectrolyte chains from the anchoring surface, the molecular weight of brushes was 1.824×103gmol-1from Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) measurements.
Preparation and Properties of Poly(L-Lactid Acid)/Organo-Montmorillonite Composites by Solution Casting Method
Authors: Niu Ming Jun , Duan Rui Xia , Wang Li Xia , Shen Xiao Qing , Guo Kai , Chen Jin Zhou
Published: January 2015

PLLA / OMMT composite films were prepared through solution casting method, in which chloroform was used as solvent. Mechanical, thermal and crystallization properties of neat PLLA and PLLA / OMMT composites films were investigated as well as morphology through scanning electron microscope. It was shown that tensile strength of PLLA / OMMT composite films gradually increased with increasing OMMT content, but reduced when more filler were added. Loading of 2wt% of OMMT seemed to benifit PLLA in tensile strength most. With the increase of montmorillonite content, the elongation at break of PLLA decreased first and then reached to a steady level. When compared with pure PLLA, the composite system showed decreased spherulite size, lower degree of order and an increase in the number of grains. Thermal analysis has proved that the addition of OMMT greatly enhanced crystability and thermal stability of PLLA.
Color Measurement and Analysis Based on the Konica Minolta Bizhub Pro C6501 Digital Press
Authors: Zhao Yan Dong
Published: January 2015

At present, digital printing technology develops rapidly, but in terms of color reproduction, digital proofing and the traditional mechanical proofing are different, it’s difficult to determine the color reduction according to the dot size, mainly manifested in the difference between the display color and the actual digital output color. In this paper, through analyzing the differences with color management technology, to keep consistency between the original display color and digital proof color as the goal. Through the study, mainly provides solutions for color consistency of digital proofing for paper packing.
Determination of Optimal Parameters of the X-Ray Source on the Basis of Compact Electron Accelerators
Authors: Cherepennikov Yury , Gogolev Alexey , Wagner Alexander , Yuzhakov Alexander
Published: January 2015

The paper discusses the issue of creating a monochromatic X-ray source based on a small-size electron accelerator to be used for the purposes of medical diagnostics. We carried out the simulation of X-ray spectra generated by an electron beam with the energy of 4-10 MeV in the targets of different materials and thicknesses and determined the optimal parameters of the target. The radiation intensity was estimated and sources based on different accelerators were compared, with due consideration of the simulation results.
Dosimetry Equipment for the Pulsed X-Ray Source Parameters Investigation
Authors: Miloichikova Irina , Stuchebrov Sergei , Zhaksybayeva Gulnur , Wagner Alexander
Published: January 2015

In the article the approbation results of the scintillation dosimeter DRG3-04 of the pulsed X-ray beams and the analysis results of the dosimeter DRG3-04 operational integrity beyond its operating modes are presented. The radiation doses results of the pulsed X-ray generator RAP-160-5 obtained by the solid thermoluminescent detectors DTL-02, the dosimeter-radiometer DKS-96 and the scintillation dosimeter DRG3-04 are demonstrated.
Development of New Ion and Plasma Surface Modification Methods
Authors: Ryabchikov Alexander , Sivin Denis , Stepanov Igor
Published: January 2015

The review is devoted to the analysis of the present state-of-the-art and development trends of the new methods and equipment being developed in Tomsk Polytechnic University (TPU), for DC vacuum arc-based ion and plasma materials processing. The features and advantages are demonstrated for the method of high-concentration implantation with compensation of surface ion sputtering by metal plasma deposition, the method of metal plasma deposition under repetitively – pulsed ion mixing with ion beams and plasma flow formed in the «Raduga-5» source, and the method of coating deposition and ion implantation, including an application of the filtered DC metal plasma source and high-frequency short-pulsed negative bias voltage with a duty factor in the range 10–99 %.
Features of Edge Effect of Coherent Synchrotron Radiation of Relativistic Electrons
Authors: Naumenko Gennady A. , Bleko Vitold V. , Soboleva Veronika V.
Published: January 2015

This paper considers the features of coherent synchrotron radiation generated when relativistic electron bunches pass the field of short magnets. A significant contribution to the spectral and angular characteristics of radiation can be made by a factor of the limited length of the magnetic field disposed along the trajectory of the electrons. Furthermore, a substantial contribution to these features can be made by a radiation coherence factor. This work comprises the theoretical analysis of these effects and the results of experimental studies in the millimeter wavelength range
Angular Distributions of EUV Generated by Electrons with 5.7 MeV Energy in a Multilayer Mo/Si Structure
Authors: Uglov Sergey R. , Sukhikh Leonid G. , Vukolov Artem V. , Fateev Ivan R.
Published: January 2015

The article considers the dynamics of the changes in the intensity and shape of the angular distributions of the backward transition radiation and quasi-monochromatic radiation emitted by the periodic structure of a multilayer mirror in a vacuum ultraviolet region for electrons with the energy of 5.7 MeV, depending on the orientation of the target. It has been shown that the dynamics of the changes in the intensity and shape of the angular distributions of the backward transition radiation and those of the periodic structure radiation observed after directing the radiation through an absorption edge filter display opposite tendencies. These opposite tendencies may be used as an indicator in the experiments aimed at detecting the effect of the periodic structure radiation in the ultraviolet region of the analog of parametric X-ray in crystals.
Analysis of Magnetron-Deposited Titanium Oxynitride Coatings by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Raman Scattering
Authors: Arysheva Galina V. , Ivanova Nina M. , Konishchev Maksim E. , Pustovalova Alla A. , Sypchenko Vladimidr S.
Published: January 2015

The results of study of surface morphology and chemical composition of biocompatible titanium oxide and oxynitride coatings deposited by the method of reactive magnetron sputtering are presented in this paper. The distribution of coating’s fragments in size was obtained. Molecular composition of the coatings was obtained by scanning electron microscopy and Raman scattering.
Combined Modality Treatment Including Neutron Therapy for Tumors of the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses
Authors: Novikov Valerij , Musabaeva Ludmila , Gribova Olga
Published: January 2015

The study group comprised 91 patients with nasal cavity cancer and paranasal sinuses cancer who received the combined modality treatment with the use of 6.3 MeV fast neutrons generated within U-120 cyclotron. The method of combined modality treatment for locally advanced malignant tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses was found to be more effective compared to the conventional treatment in terms of the 5-year overall and disease-free survival rates.
Electroporation Application as an Alternative to Radiation Therapy
Authors: Aleinik Aleksandr N. , Muhamedov Marat R. , Turgunova Natalia D. , Babaev Rinat.G. , Karpovich Natalia I.
Published: January 2015

Radiation therapy is an organ sparing technique. However, radiation therapy near the liver, kidneys and other organs is not always possible due to they particular sensitivity to radiation. Because of this, there is a constant search for new therapies that could significantly improve existing ones. The most promising of these is electroporation. The layout of the device for the treatment of malignant tumors by electroporation is designed. The main specifications of the device are measured. Animal studies have confirmed the effectiveness of the device.
Evaluation of Functional Factors and Life Quality of Patients with Parotid Gland Cancer after Multimodal Treatment Including Radiation Therapy
Authors: Choynzonov Evgeny L. , Avdeenko Maxim V. , Balatskaya Lidya N. , Verkhoturova Vera V.
Published: January 2015

Patients with parotid gland cancer underwent parotidectomy followed by neutron therapy. Organ-preserving surgery with fascial nerve preservation was performed in 28 patients. Dynamics of recovery processes in n. facialis and mimic musculature innerveted by this facial nerve was assessed by electroneuromyographic method. The quantitative evaluation of the quality of life of patients was carried out in accordance with International Protocol of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Organ-preserving surgery followed by neutron therapy for parotid gland cancer was found to result no in significant functional impairments of mimic musculature, speech and eating, thus allowing the terms of social adaptation to be reduced and life quality of patients to be improved.
Multimodality Treatment of Locally-Advanced Breast Cancer Using 6.3 MeV Fast Neutrons and Quality of Life in Patients in Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Startseva Zhanna , Musabaeva Ludmila , Lisin Valerij
Published: January 2015

The purpose of the study is to present the 10-year results of the combined modality treatment with the use of neutron-photon therapy for patients with T2-4N0-2M0 locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). The study involved 246 LABC patients (T2-4N0-2M0). Analysis of long-term results of multimodality treatment of patients with primary LABC has shown that preoperative neutron therapy is the most effective in the presence of multicentric tumors, radioresistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and other adverse prognostic factors.
Response of Resistant Malignant Tumors to Neutron Therapy
Authors: Musabaeva Ludmila I. , Lisin Valery A.
Published: January 2015

Tumor response to 6.3 MeV fast neutrons generated by U-120 cyclotron was assessed. The study included: 26 patients with locally advanced breast cancer, who received neutron therapy in the regimen of high-dose daily fractions, followed by surgery; 41patients with head and neck cancer and 44 patients with musculoskeletal system cancer. The devised method of 6.3 MeV neutron therapy given in high-dose fractionation regimen resulted in complete tumor response compared to the standard photon therapy.
Use of Autoleukocyte, Labelled with 99mTc-Exametazine for Evaluation of Inflammatory Changes in Myocardium
Authors: Sazonova Svetlana I. , Lishmanov Yuriy B. , Ilyushenkova Yuliya N. , Batalov Roman E. , Rogovskaya Yuliya V.
Published: January 2015

Our purpose was to study possibilities of autoleukocyte, labelled in vitro with 99m Tc-exametazine (99m Tc-HMPAO), in evaluation of inflammatory changes of myocardium at patients with persistent form of atrial fibrillation (AF).We examined 30 patients with idiopathic persistent form of AF. For identification of the inflammatory areas in a myocardium before ablation scintigraphy (SPECT) 99mTc-HMPAO – leucocytes was carried out. Upon completion of scanning a perfusion scintigraphy of a myocardium with a 99mTc-methoxyisobutyl isonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) (‘Tehnetril, 99mTc’, JSC Diamed, Russia) in rest under the standard protocol was carried out. Pathologic accumulation of 99mTc-HMPAO-leukocytes in a myocardium was revealed at 6 (20%) of the examined patients. Sensitivity of SPECT with 99mTc-HMPAO-leukocytes in diagnostics of inflammatory changes of a myocardium, according to our data, was - 80%, specificity - 92%, diagnostic accuracy - 90%.
Study on the Spatial Structure of Ultrafine-Grained Light Alloys by Microtomography
Authors: Batranin Andrey , Skripnyak Vladimir A. , Skripnyak Vladimir V. , Chakhlov Sergey , Stuchebrov Sergei , Keltsiyeva Kristina
Published: January 2015

Severe plastic deformation is a widely used technique to modify common structural materials for obtaining ultra-fine grained microstructure. One kind of this technique is equal channel angular pressing. Many testing methods are applied to investigate the internal structure of materials after deformation. Recently developed microtomography is a promising method allowing testing volumetrical structure of a sample non-destructively. In this paper, we present preliminary results of studying light alloys microstructure after severe plastic deformation by using microtomography applied to such kind materials for the first time.
Potential for Therapeutic Gain - 29 MeV Neutrons versus 6 MeV Neutrons
Authors: Slabbert Jacobus , Vral Anne
Published: January 2015

When a cancer type proves to be radioresistant to treatment with X-rays, the use of neutrons may constitute therapeutic gain provided the cells are relatively sensitive to high-LET radiation. In this work studies with different tumor cell types are reported following exposure to either photons or different neutron energies used in clinical radiation therapy. Potential for therapeutic gain is clearly noted for neutrons with a mean energy of 6 MeV whilst that for 29 MeV neutrons is dependent on the cell types used in the study.
Analysis of Interaction Peculiarities in the System “OUTSIDER – PHYSICAL PROTECTION SYSTEM” for Nuclear Facility
Authors: Godovykh Alexey , Parepko Margarita , Stepanov Boris
Published: January 2015

The paper presents an approach to evaluating the effectiveness of physical protection systems (PPS). Considering the fact that different processes are subject to universal physical laws and principles of development, a parallel was drawn between the concepts of conflict resolution field to description of interaction in the system “outsider – PPS”. The description of mathematical model in the form of dependence with respect to the real conflict in the system “outsider – PPS” is given. The result of the model analysis is determination of the parameter, allowing estimating the rate of threat increase in conflict situation. Also competence of PPS operator is considered in the framework of the work. Furthermore, actions of operator were taken as a key factor affecting the efficiency of the whole security system. To resolve identified issues ways to develop special qualities required for the operator and their professional skills through training were suggested. Also the issues of control of psychophysiological characteristics of PPS staff were addressed.
Control Model of the Synthesis of Binary Systems under Loading Reactive Additives into the Mixture
Authors: Demyanyuk Dmitry G. , Dolmatov Oleg Yu. , Isachenko Dmitry S. , Kuznetsov Mikhail S. , Semenov Andrew O. , Chursin Stanislav S.
Published: January 2015

It has been calculated that the introduction of nickel-aluminum additives leads to an increase in the heat effect and allows for the development of materials with the desired phase composition. A comparative analysis of the results of design and instrumentation experiments has shown a satisfactory agreement which allows us to speak about the correctness of the developed numerical model as well as the possibility of selecting optimal initial values ​​of the heat energy source as a factor which allows for controlling the reaction of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and eventually the phase composition of the final product.
Mathematical Model of Pressure and Flow Distribution on Fluorine Production Lines
Authors: Savitsky Oleg P. , Dyadik Valeriy F. , Kabrysheva Oksana P.
Published: January 2015

This paper is devoted to one of the most urgent problems in the automation of fluorine production (FP) processes: the development of a dynamic model of the hydrodynamic regime. The paper suggests a dynamic model represented in the form that provides the effective use of up-to-date methods of synthesis and analysis for control algorithms. The model is a set of dynamic models of individual units and devices that have a significant impact on the processes in the technological scheme.
Validation and Uncertainty Analysis of the Thermal Hydraulics Module of SOCRAT-BN Code on the Rod Bundle Experiment
Authors: Vinogradova Yulia , Ryzhov Nikolai , Chalyy Ruslan
Published: January 2015

SOCRAT-BN code is developed for the analysis of design and beyond design basis accidents at sodium cooled fast reactors. To simulate the behavior of the coolant in the reactor core heat transfer and friction in rod bundle geometry are required to consider. The article describes the validation of the code SOCRAT-BN on the experiment with fuel rod imitators in the triangular geometry with wire-wound taking into account experiment and some code model uncertainties.
Preparation of TiC Powders by Carbothermic Reduction Technique at Vacuum Condition
Authors: Sun Hong Yan , Kong Xin , Sen Wei , Liu Gui Yang , Yi Zhong Zhou
Published: January 2015

In this paper, TiC powders have been prepared under vacuum condition using titanium dioxide powders and charcoal powders as raw materials. The impacts of temperature and holding time on TiC were studied. The results show as follows: the products will absorb lots of heat and transform into titanium oxide with lower valence with the increasing of holding time at the same temperature and at last be converted into titanium carbide. At a higher temperature, the time of the product transforms into single-phase titanium carbide is shorter.
High Adhesive Superhydrophobicity and Wetting Mechanism of Locust Wing Surface
Authors: Sun Gang , Fang Yan
Published: January 2015

The complex wettability, chemical composition and microstructure of locust wing surface were investigated by a video-based contact angle (CA) meter, a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A model for hydrophobicity of wing surface was established on the basis of Cassie equation. The wetting mechanism was discussed from the perspective of biological coupling. The wing surface is a waxy layer composed mainly of long chain hydrocarbon, tallate and fatty-acid alcohol, possesses multiple-dimensional rough microstructures including primary structure (wing vein grids), secondary structure (regularly arraying micrometric pillar gibbosities), and tertiary structure (nanocorrugations). The diameter, height, and spacing of pillar gibbosity are 3.0~10.2 μm, 3.4~9.2 μm, and 7.5~18.5 μm, respectively. Locust wing surface is of high adhesive superhydrophobicity (CA 150.1~157.3°). The complex wettability of the wing surface ascribes to coupling effect of material element (waxy crystal) and structural element (hierarchical rough microstructure). Locust wing can be potentially used as a biomimetic template for design of special functional surface. This work may bring insights for preparation of micro-controllable superhydrophobic surface and no-loss microfluidic channels.
Dynamic Feature Analysis for Silty Sand
Authors: Zhao Jin Bin , Zhao Hui Meng , Liu Xiao , Meng Jie
Published: January 2015

Dynamic shear modulus is proportional to average principal stress.Cyclic varied surrounding pressure isn't proportional to cyclic varied pore water pressure.The dynamic triaxial test with cyclic surrounding pressure can apply cyclic surrounding pressure.The dynamic triaxial test with cyclic surrounding pressure can apply cyclic surrounding pressure in addition to the cyclic deviator stress and it can simulate the coupling of cyclic shear stress and it can simulate the coupling of cyclic shear stress and cyclic normal stress in an earthquakes.
Mechanical Behaviors of Slender Steel Tubular Columns Filled with Steel-Reinforced High-Strength Concrete
Authors: Guan Ping , Chen Lan Xiang
Published: January 2015

To study on the mechanical behaviors of the new slender steel-concrete composite columns that are named after steel tubular columns filled with steel-reinforced high-strength concrete(STSRHC), the mechanical models of slender STSRHC are established for the analysis with the finite element software ABAQUS. There are seven influencing factors on the mechanical behaviors of slender STSRHC, they are: slender ratio, eccentricity, the thickness of steel tube, the yield stress of steel tube, the yield stress of inserted steel, the cube strength of high-strength concrete, the shape of inserted steel cross section. The results show the results calculated by software have good agreements with the tested ones; slender ratio, eccentricity and the thickness are the most effective factors on the mechanical properties of slender STSRHC.
Preparation and Photoelectronic Properties of Zinc Oxide/Perovskite Nanocomposites/Polypyrrole
Authors: Qin Lei , Lin Sheng Ling , Ma Xiao Yun
Published: January 2015

La0.3Ca0.7Fe0.7Ni0.3O3 perovskite-type composite was prepared by glycine-nitrate combustion method , Zinc Oxide was prepared by liquid crystal precipitation, then we synthesized ZnO/La0.3Ca0.7Fe0.7Ni0.3O3/Ppy nanocomposites with different content of Ppy in situ method. XRD,SEM,UV-vis were used to characterized the crystal structure and morphology of the nanocomposites and their photocatalytic activity. Cyclic voltammetry of the composites were conducted in 1mol/L KCl solutions to discuss their electrochemical properties.According to the electrochemical properties, we found that with the increase of the zinc oxide content,the redox peak current of the composites becomes larger, also their reversible redox properties was improved.
The Elastoplastic Finite Element Analysis for the Deep Anti-Sliding Stability of Gravity Dam by the Method of Overloading
Authors: Pang Jun Rui , Sun Wei , Wang Gang , Su Long
Published: January 2015

Combined with engineering requirements of the Qingyu reservoir, the ANSYS finite element software was used to establish an elastoplastic gravity dam calculation model which considered the mechanical properties of weak structural plane of rock in the dam foundation. An analysis based on not only the finite element iteration not converging,the plastic zones in dam foundation rock developing to through the foundation and the mutation in horizontal displacement of feature points, but also the discontinuous variation of the distribution of horizontal displacement of dam foundation rock, the dislocation between the above and below of weak layers and the leap of iterations were took as the criterions to get the deep anti-sliding stability safety factor of gravity dam by gradually increasing the load burdened on the upstream face of the dam. This thesis illustrated the principle of the elastoplastic finite element analysis for the deep stability of gravity dam by the method of overloading, demonstrated the feasibility of this method ,expanded the criterions to determine the safety factor and obtains the safety factor of this practical engineering under the elastoplastic overloading method.
Arch with Various Wall Movements in Active Earth Pressure Abstract
Authors: Tian Chao , Li Yong Gang , Zhang Zhi Xiong
Published: January 2015

For the retaining wall in translation, in this paper the writers present the minor principal stresses trajectory which named minor principal stress arches. By discussing the results of the various arch curves in arching effect with different displacements of retaining wall which include the arch curves in ultimate model of soil and the arch curves in none limit state of soil. It gets the soil arch curve change rule under different state of the displacements, different friction angles and different height: the arch curve turn gentle when the displacements increase.
Study on the Calculation Method of Earth Pressure on Retaining Wall in the Mode of Translation
Authors: Zhang Zhi Xiong , Li Yong Gang , Tian Chao
Published: January 2015

Focusing on rigid retaining wall under translation movement mode, the earth pressure under non-limit state considering translational movement effect is studied. Considering the translational displacement effect of internal friction angle of the backfill and the wall soil friction angle,we established the relation formula between internal and external friction angle and displacement and got strength and distribution of horizontal earth pressure, strength and the acting point of resultant force on retaining walls at any displacement in mode of translation. We also compare the calculation of earth pressure obtained by the calculation method proposed in this paper with the measured values of the model and found and they are on the whole the same.
Finite Element Analysis’s Discussion of Steel-Concrete
Authors: Chen Lan Xiang , Zhao De Shen , Liu Lei
Published: January 2015

To analyze the mechanical properties of steel tube filled with steel-reinforced concrete(STSRC), the mechanical models and some related problems of STSRC under different loading ways are proposed for the analysis on the base of finite element software: the concrete plastic damage constitutive model, the contact between steel and the treatment of boundary condition, etc. There are three types of specimen for analysis: short column, long column and pure bending beam. The results indicate that the mechanical models and the relevant technical analysis of STSRC are reasonable, and are beneficial to convergence. The discussed methods can provide a reference for the scholars to study on other composite steel-concrete structures.
Research on Preparation of Heavy Calcium Carbonate Functional Filler with Mechanical Chemical Methods
Authors: Tang Quan , Lin Qing Yu , Zhang Zhi , Wang You
Published: January 2015

Ultra-fine heavy calcium carbonate functional filler was prepared by aluminum titanium complex coupling agent with mechanical chemical methods and characterized by IR and SEM. The results show that the optimum conditions of mechanical chemistry preparation of heavy calcium carbonate functional filler: the modifier dosage is 1% (mass fraction), the milling time is 2.5h, and grinding ball ratio is 35:45. Under the optimal conditions, the activated degree of heavy calcium carbonate is 99.5%, the particle size of D50is 4.56μm, and D90is 9.72μm. FIR and SEM analysis show that the surface of modified heavy calcium carbonate has been coated aluminum and titanium complex coupling agent.
The Effects of Cutting Parameters on Work-Hardening of Milling Invar 36
Authors: Zheng Xing Wei , Ying Guo Fu , Chen Yan , Fu Yu Can
Published: January 2015

An experiment of face milling of Invar36 was conducted by using coated carbide insert, the microhardness was tested and the metallographic structure was observed to figure out the principles of work-hardening. The results showed that the depth of work-hardening ranges from 80μm to 160μm among the parameters selected in the experiments. The degree and the depth of work-hardening were significantly affected by the axial depth of cut and feed per tooth. The degree and the depth of work-hardening showed a tendency to increase with the increase of the axial depth of cut and feed per tooth. Compared with the axial depth of cut and feed per tooth, cutting speed had less influence on the degree and depth of work-hardening. The degree and depth of work- hardening decreased slowly with the increase of cutting speed. Metallographic observation showed that work-hardening layer consisted of the thermal force influenced layer and the force influenced layer, while the amorphous metallographic structure was observed in the thermal force influenced layer, and lattice distortion was observed in the force influenced layer.
Contrast Testing Study on Different Flotation Processes for a Medium-and-Low Grade Collophanite
Authors: Cheng Ren Ju , Li Cheng Xiu , Liu Fei Yan
Published: January 2015

According to the properties of a medium-and-low grade collophanite, a contrast testing study was conducted on the basis of three kinds of flotation process. The result suggests that it is difficult to obtain high-quality phosphate concentrate from removing carbonate minerals only by the use of reverse flotation process. In contrast, with the use of direct-reverse flotation process and double reverse flotation process, the separation of phosphorus minerals and gangue minerals in the ore can be realized effectively, as the result, the P2O5 grades of phosphorus concentrate are 32.29% and 31.26%, respectively. Considering the above factors, we recommend direct-reverse flotation process as the method to deal with the medium-and-low grade refractory collophanite.
Corrosion Behaviour of Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Alloys
Authors: Królikowski Andrzej
Published: January 2015

Structural and chemical attributes of amorphous and nanocrystalline metals, which affect their corrosion behaviour are outlined. Effects of the fraction of intercrystalline regions, diffusivity, chemical homogeneity / heterogeneity and local ordering are indicated. These features can lead to higher or lower corrosion resistance as compared to coarse-grained counterparts, depending on the nature of tested metal and corrosive environment. Contributions of these factors are represented by two examples of passive behavior of nanocrystalline metals and amorphous Ni-P alloys.
Anodic Treatment of Zn-Ni Alloy in Alkaline Solutions
Authors: Maciej Artur , Michalska Joanna , Simka Wojciech , Sowa Maciej , Gorewoda Tadeusz , Dercz Grzegorz
Published: January 2015

The investigations on anodic oxidation of galvanic Zn-Ni alloy coating in the baths containing sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate and ammonium pentaborate was described in this paper. The surface morphology studies (SEM) and corrosion characterization was the main part of the work. It was found that the anodic treatment of the Zn-Ni alloy coating in the alkali solutions basis on NaOH permit to the obtaining the oxide layer with cracks formation. Application of the baths containing also sodium silicate and ammonium pentaborate cause the cracks decay. The corrosion studies may indicate that the cracks are shallow.
The Consequence Assessment of Gas Pipeline Failure due to Corrosion
Authors: Zardasti Libriati , Hanafiah Norhamimi Mohd , Noor Norhazilan Md , Yahaya Nordin , Rashid Ahmad Safuan A.
Published: January 2015

In this paper, a qualitative consequence assessment method for damaged urban natural gas pipelines is proposed. It focuses on identifying reputation loss factors according to stakeholders’ (investors, customers, employees, and communities) perceptions. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method is applied to prioritize these factors. Results show that the loss of customer confidence ranks as the highest contributor to an operator’s reputation loss due to a pipeline accident. Thus, better risk assessment of pipeline damage due to corrosion will be achieved with the inclusion of reputation loss in the consequence assessment. Hence, decision making in pipeline repair, inspection, and maintenance can be improved as well as a company’s annual profit margin.
Structure and Corrosion Behavior of Mg-Cu-Y-(Zn,Ni) Bulk Metallic Glasses
Authors: Babilas Rafał , Cesarz-Andraczke Katarzyna , Babilas Dorota , Simka Wojciech
Published: January 2015

The work presents a structural and corrosion resistance analysis of Mg-based bulk metallic glasses in “as-cast” state. The studies were performed on bulk glassy samples in the form of plates. The structure analysis of the samples in “as-cast” state was carried out by the XRD and DSC methods. The corrosion behavior of the bulk glassy alloys and pure magnesium samples was studied by electrochemical measurements and immersion tests in 5% NaCl solution at room temperature. For the amorphous alloys the highest corrosion potential was achieved, indicating the formation of protective surface layers with Mg and Cu oxides. The corrosion behavior of the alloys with Zn and Ni addition was found to be better than pure magnesium.
Microstructure and Tribocorrosion Properties of Titanium Matrix Nanocomposites Manufactured by Selective Laser Sintering/Melting Method
Authors: Biedunkiewicz Anna , Figiel Pawel , Biedunkiewicz Witold , Dariusz Grzesiak , Krawczyk Marta , Stasiukiewicz Anna
Published: January 2015

This work presents an investigation of tribocorrosion properties of titanium matrix composites (TMCs) reinforced with non-oxide ceramic nanoparticles. The evaluated materials were manufactured by selective laser melting technique (SLM). As a matrix titanium and as a reinforcing phase TiC nanoparticles were used. For SLM process the mixtures of the powders composed of 0, 1, 5, 10, and 20 vol % of nanocrysalline titanium carbide (nc-TiC) were prepared. The influence of the reinforcements on the tribocorrosion properties of TMCs manufactured by SLM process was examined. Tribocorrosion “ball on disc” tests in Ringer's solution and under ambient dry conditions were carried out. It was shown that nanocomposite consisted of 20 vol.% of nc-TiC characterized by the best wear and tribocorrosion resistance.
Hydrogen Diffusion Characteristics in the TRIP 800 C-Mn-Si Steel
Authors: Sojka Jaroslav , Sozańska Maria , Váňová Petra , Vodárek Vlastimil , Filuš František
Published: January 2015

The presented paper is devoted to the study of hydrogen diffusion characteristics in the C-Mn-Si TRIP 800 steel. The steel was tested in three different states: in as-received state after hot and cold rolling and subsequent heat treatment; and furthermore after 5% and 10% tensile deformation. Hydrogen diffusion characteristics were studied by means of electrochemical permeation method. Two build up transients corresponding to lower and higher charging current densities as well as a decay transient were recorded during experiment. The lowest values of hydrogen diffusion coefficient (from 1 to 3.5.10-7 cm2.s-1) were observed during the first build up transient; the value of 3.5.10-7 cm2.s-1 corresponded to 10% tensile deformation. During the 2nd build up transient corresponding to the higher charging current density, hydrogen diffusion coefficients increased markedly reflecting thus the fact that hydrogen trapping was less pronounced. For decay transients hydrogen diffusion coefficients were situated between values obtained for the 1st and 2nd build up transients. In all studied states, a rather high sub-surface hydrogen concentration was observed during the 1st build up transient rising to 12.6 ppm of hydrogen in as-received state. The obtained results are explained taking into account steel microstructure and hydrogen trapping.
Biofilm Formation on NiTi Surface by Different Strains of Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (Desulfovibrio desulfuricans)
Authors: Cwalina Beata , Dec Weronika , Simka Wojciech , Michalska Joanna , Jaworska-Kik Marzena
Published: January 2015

Bacteria of Desulfovibrio genus belong to group of widespread sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB). D. desulfuricans is considered one among many bacterial species involved in microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of metals, mainly of stainless steels and other alloys. SRB can produce gaseous hydrogen sulphide. This gas is released into the environment leading to formation of metal sulphides that significantly influence electrochemical processes and ultimately enhance the corrosion of materials. Biofilms formed by these bacteria are especially harmful for highly alloyed steels and many alloys. The aim of this work was to compare the character of growth and biofilm formation by three strains of D. desulfuricans (standard soil strain DSM and two wild intestinal strains: DV/A and DV/B) on the surface of NiTi alloy.
Evaluation of Hot Corrosion Resistance of Directionally Solidified Nickel-Based Superalloy
Authors: Sozańska Maria , Kościelniak Barbara , Swadźba Lucjan
Published: January 2015

The turbine blades made of directionally solidified nickel-based superalloys are exposed to combination of high temperature and aircraft environment, in which appear corrosive elements like sulphur, sodium and vanadium (hot corrosion). Corrosion resistance of superalloys is mainly dependent on their structure and chemical composition. Therefore, it is important to be aware of the correlation between the hot corrosion and changes in chemical composition and morphology of a surface of the material. The following paper presents the influence of sulphur on the microstructure of directionally solidified nickel-based superalloy. The research was carried out in Na2SO4 environment at two temperatures of 850oC and 900oC (below and above the melting point of salt, 884°C). The results show scale morphology on material surface and changes in chemical composition of surface of nickel superalloy.