bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microbiota populations in supragingival plaque, subgingival plaque, and saliva habitats of adult dogs
Authors: Oba Patrícia M. , Carroll Meredith Q. , Alexander Celeste , Valentine Helen , Somrak Amy J. , Keating Stephanie C. J. , Sage Adrianna M. , Swanson Kelly S.
Published: May 2021

Background

Oral diseases are common in dogs, with microbiota playing a prominent role in the disease process. Oral cavity habitats harbor unique microbiota populations that have relevance to health and disease. Despite their importance, the canine oral cavity microbial habitats have been poorly studied. The objectives of this study were to (1) characterize the oral microbiota of different habitats of dogs and (2) correlate oral health scores with bacterial taxa and identify what sites may be good options for understanding the role of microbiota in oral diseases. We used next-generation sequencing to characterize the salivary (SAL), subgingival (SUB), and supragingival (SUP) microbial habitats of 26 healthy adult female Beagle dogs (4.0 ± 1.2 year old) and identify taxa associated with periodontal disease indices.

Results

Bacterial species richness was highest for SAL, moderate for SUB, and lowest for SUP samples (p < 0.001). Unweighted and weighted principal coordinates plots showed clustering by habitat, with SAL and SUP samples being the most different from one another. Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Spirochaetes were the predominant phyla in all habitats.Paludibacter,Filifactor, Peptostreptococcus, Fusibacter, Anaerovorax, Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Desulfomicrobium, andTG5were enriched in SUB samples, whileActinomyces,Corynebacterium,Leucobacter,Euzebya,Capnocytophaga,Bergeyella,Lautropia, Lampropedia, Desulfobulbus, Enhydrobacter, andMoraxellawere enriched in SUP samples.Prevotella, SHD-231, Helcococcus, Treponema, andAcholeplasmawere enriched in SAL samples.p-75-a5,Arcobacter, andPasteurella were diminished in SUB samples.Porphyromonas,Peptococcus,Parvimonas, andCampylobacterwere diminished in SUP samples, whileTannerella,Proteocalla,Schwartzia, andNeisseriawere diminished in SAL samples. Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Capnocytophaga,Leptotrichia, andNeisseriawere associated with higher oral health scores (worsened health) in plaque samples.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate the differences that exist among canine salivary, subgingival plaque and supragingival plaque habitats. Salivary samples do not require sedation and are easy to collect, but do not accurately represent the plaque populations that are most important to oral disease. PlaqueActinomyces,Corynebacterium,Capnocytophaga,Leptotrichia, andNeisseriawere associated with higher (worse) oral health scores. Future studies analyzing samples from progressive disease stages are needed to validate these results and understand the role of bacteria in periodontal disease development.
Self-organized optimal packing of kinesin-5-driven microtubule asters scales with cell size
Authors: Khetan Neha , Pruliere Gérard , Hebras Celine , Chenevert Janet , Athale Chaitanya A.
Published: May 2021

Radial microtubule (MT) arrays or asters determine cell geometry in animal cells. Multiple asters interacting with motors, such as those in syncytia, form intracellular patterns, but the mechanical principles behind this are not clear. Here, we report that oocytes of the marine ascidian Phallusia mammillata treated with the drug BI-D1870 spontaneously form cytoplasmic MT asters, or cytasters. These asters form steady state segregation patterns in a shell just under the membrane. Cytaster centers tessellate the oocyte cytoplasm, that is divide it into polygonal structures, dominated by hexagons, in a kinesin-5-dependent manner, while inter-aster MTs form ‘mini-spindles’. A computational model of multiple asters interacting with kinesin-5 can reproduce both tessellation patterns and mini-spindles in a manner specific to the number of MTs per aster, MT lengths and kinesin-5 density. Simulations predict that the hexagonal tessellation patterns scale with increasing cell size, when the packing fraction of asters in cells is ∼1.6. This self-organized in vivo tessellation by cytasters is comparable to the ‘circle packing problem’, suggesting that there is an intrinsic mechanical pattern-forming module that is potentially relevant to understanding the role of collective mechanics of cytoskeletal elements in embryogenesis.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Μελέτη της συμπεριφοράς ατόμων με αναπηρία και των φροντιστών τους απέναντι στην προτεινόμενη οδοντιατρική θεραπεία
Authors: Νοβάκος Ιωάννης
Published: May 2021

Με τη συγκεκριμένη έρευνα, επιχειρείται μία σχοινοτενής διερεύνηση και πραγμάτευση της συμπεριφοράς των ατόμων με αναπηρία και των φροντιστών τους (μαθητών, γονέων, κηδεμόνων, εκπαιδευτικών) απέναντι στην προτεινόμενη οδοντιατρική θεραπεία. Εν προκειμένω, καθίσταται μία προσπάθεια ιχνηλάτησης και κατανόησης των μεταβλητών, που επενεργούν καταλυτικά στη στάση και συμπεριφορά των ατόμων με αναπηρία και των φροντιστών τους. Στην εμπειρική έρευνα που διεξήχθη τα σχολικά έτη 2018-2019 και 2019-2020 έλαβαν μέρος εκατόν ενενήντα επτά (197) άτομα (μαθητές, γονείς, κηδεμόνες, νηπιαγωγοί, δάσκαλοι, καθηγητές) που αποτελούν μέλη λειτουργίας των ΣΜΕΑΕ («Ειδικά Νηπιαγωγεία, Ειδικά Δημοτικά, Ειδικά Γυμνάσια και Λύκεια και Ε.Ε.Ε.Ε.Κ. (Εργαστήρια Ειδικής Επαγγελματικής Εκπαίδευσης και Κατάρτισης»). Ως εργαλείο έρευνας χρησιμοποιήθηκε το ερωτηματολόγιο, το οποίο σχεδιάστηκε, συντάχθηκε και εκπονήθηκε από τον ερευνητή στη λογική αντίστοιχων διεθνών (Oral Health Impact Profile, Child Oral Health Quality of Life, Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaires, Oral Health Index) που δίνονται προς συμπλήρωση στους φροντιστές των ατόμων με αναπηρία, όταν καταφεύγουν στις οδοντιατρικές μονάδες και κλινικές, προκειμένου να εξεταστούν ώστε να ακολουθήσουν την προτεινόμενη οδοντιατρική θεραπεία. Τα εμπειρικά ευρήματα και εκβάσεις, καταληκτικά, κατάδειξαν ότι η κακή κατάσταση της στοματικής κοιλότητας των ατόμων με αναπηρία, επηρεάζει ελάχιστα τη γνωστική τους απόδοση, τον ύπνο τους, τη μάσηση των τροφών και το συναισθηματικό και συμπεριφορικό τους προφίλ κατά τη διάρκεια της σχολικής τους καθημερινότητας και ζωής.
The varying openness of digital open science tools
Authors: Bezuidenhout Louise , Havemann Johanna
Published: May 2021

Background: Digital tools that support open science practices play a key role in the seamless accumulation, archiving and dissemination of scholarly data, outcomes and conclusions. Despite their integration into open science practices, the providence and design of these digital tools are rarely explicitly scrutinized. This means that influential factors, such as the funding models of the parent organizations, their geographic location, and the dependency on digital infrastructures are rarely considered. Suggestions from literature and anecdotal evidence already draw attention to the impact of these factors, and raise the question of whether the open science ecosystem can realise the aspiration to become a truly “unlimited digital commons” in its current structure.

Methods: In an online research approach, we compiled and analysed the geolocation, terms and conditions as well as funding models of 242 digital tools increasingly being used by researchers in various disciplines.

Results: Our findings indicate that design decisions and restrictions are biased towards researchers in North American and European scholarly communities. In order to make the future open science ecosystem inclusive and operable for researchers in all world regions including Africa, Latin America, Asia and Oceania, those should be actively included in design decision processes.

Conclusions: Digital open science tools carry the promise of enabling collaboration across disciplines, world regions and language groups through responsive design. We therefore encourage long term funding mechanisms and ethnically as well as culturally inclusive approaches serving local prerequisites and conditions to tool design and construction allowing a globally connected digital research infrastructure to evolve in a regionally balanced manner.
Fewest switches surface hopping with Baeck-An couplings
Authors: T. do Casal Mariana , Toldo Josene M. , Pinheiro Jr Max , Barbatti Mario
Published: May 2021

In the Baeck-An (BA) approximation, first-order nonadiabatic coupling vectors are given in terms of adiabatic energy gaps and the second derivative of the gaps with respect to the coupling coordinate. In this paper, a time-dependent (TD) BA approximation is derived, where the couplings are computed from the energy gaps and their second time-derivatives. TD-BA couplings can be directly used in fewest switches surface hopping, enabling nonadiabatic dynamics with any electronic structure methods able to provide excitation energies and energy gradients. Test results of surface hopping with TD-BA couplings for ethylene and fulvene show that the TD-BA approximation delivers a qualitatively correct picture of the dynamics and a semiquantitative agreement with reference data computed with exact couplings. Nevertheless, TD-BA does not perform well in situations conjugating strong couplings and small velocities. Considered the uncertainties in the method, TD-BA couplings could be a competitive approach for inexpensive, exploratory dynamics with a small trajectories ensemble. We also assessed the potential use of TD-BA couplings for surface hopping dynamics with time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), but the results are not encouraging due to singlet instabilities near the crossing seam with the ground state.
SARS‐CoV‐2 Seroprevalence Among Healthcare Workers by Workplace Exposure Risk in Kashmir, India
Authors: Khan Muhammad Salim , Haq Inaamul , Qurieshi Mariya Amin , Majid Sabhiya , Bhat Arif Akbar , Qazi Tanzeela Bashir , Chowdri Iqra Nisar , Sabah Iram , Kawoosa Misbah Ferooz , Lone Abdul Aziz , Nabi Shahroz , Sumji Ishtiyaq Ahmad , Obaid Muhammad , Kousar Rafiya
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (COVID‐19) poses a tremendous challenge to healthcare systems across the globe. Serologic testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in healthcare workers (HCWs) may quantify the rate of clinically significant exposure in an institutional setting and identify those HCWs who are at greatest risk.

METHODS

We conducted a survey and SARS‐CoV‐2 serologic testing among a convenience sample of HCWs from 79 non‐COVID and 3 dedicated COVID hospitals in District Srinagar of Kashmir, India. In addition to testing for the presence of SARS‐CoV‐2–specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), we collected information on demographics, occupational group, influenza‐like illness (ILI) symptoms, nasopharyngeal reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) testing status, history of close unprotected contacts, and quarantine/travel history.

RESULTS

Of 7,346 eligible HCWs, 2,915 (39.7%) participated in the study. The overall prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2–specific IgG antibodies was 2.5% (95% CI, 2.0%‐3.1%), while HCWs who had ever worked at a dedicated COVID‐19 hospital had a substantially lower seroprevalence of 0.6% (95% CI, 0.2%‐1.9%). Higher seroprevalence rates were observed among HCWs who reported a recent ILI (12.2%), a positive RT‐PCR (27.6%), a history of being put under quarantine (4.9%), and a history of close unprotected contact with a person with COVID‐19 (4.4%). Healthcare workers who ever worked at a dedicated COVID‐19 hospital had a lower multivariate‐adjusted risk of seropositivity (odds ratio, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.06‐0.66).

CONCLUSIONS

Our investigation suggests that infection‐control practices, including a compliance‐maximizing buddy system, are valuable and effective in preventing infection within a high‐risk clinical setting. Universal masking, mandatory testing of patients, and residential dormitories for HCWs at COVID‐19–dedicated hospitals is an effective multifaceted approach to infection control. Moreover, given that many infections among HCWs are community‐acquired, it is likely that the vigilant practices in these hospitals will have spillover effects, creating ingrained behaviors that will continue outside the hospital setting.
Novel Recipient Site for Aesthetic Inset of Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer: Preliminary Report
Authors: Yi Chang Ryul , Park Min Suk , Seo Hyoung-joon , Bae Seong Hwan , Yoon Jin A , Bae Yong Chan , Kim Joo Hyoung
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The wrist, elbow, and axillae are recipient sites for vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) in upper extremity lymphedema. To the best of our knowledge, the possibility of the forearm as a recipient site for the VLNT has not been extensively investigated. We introduced a novel recipient site and surgical technique for VLNT in the distal upper extremity without a skin paddle.Methods: Between January 2018 and February 2019, five consecutive patients underwent VLNT for upper extremity lymphedema. A vascularized supraclavicular lymph node was harvested and transferred to the mid-forearm of the lymphedematous limb. Radial artery, venae comitantes, and superficial vein were used as recipient vessels. Outcome was assessed by upper limb circumference and volume.Results: All flaps survived without any donor-site morbidity. All patients reported symptom improvement. Mean circumference and volume at 3, 6, and 12 months after VLNT were reduced statistically significantly (p<0.05). Volume differential reduction was significant (p=0.005), showing an increasing tendency (p=0.050).Conclusion: The forearm appears to be an excellent recipient site owing to its aesthetic and surgical benefits.
Dokumenty pergaminowe miasteczka Niżankowice w zasobie Archiwum Państwowego w Przemyślu
Authors: Grin-Piszczek Ewa
Published: May 2021

Parchment Documents of the Town of Niżankowice in the Resources of the State Archives in Przemyśl

The article discusses the parchment documents related to the town of Niżankowice, and stored in the State Archives in Przemyśl. The first preserved mention of their storage in the municipal archives in Niżankowice comes from 1889. In 1913, these documents were transferred by judge Józef Tarnawski to the collection of the Archives of the Society of Friends of Science in Przemyśl. After the Society was shut down, the Niżankowice parchments became part of the resources of the State Archives in Przemyśl in 1952. Currently, they are stored in the Archives as the collection no. 875 in The collection of paper and parchment documents. The article is supplemented by a catalogue containing descriptins of 15 parchment documents ofthe town of Niżankowice.
Testamenty mieszkańców Lwowa z czasów epidemii pierwszej ćwierci XVII wieku
Authors: Winnyczenko Oksana
Published: May 2021

The Lviv Citizens’ Testaments during the 17th-century Plagues

The article deals with the testaments written by the inhabitants of Lviv during the plague epidemics in 1602, 1623 and 1625. The acts of last will that emerged during an extraordinary period required special permission and alleviation of the procedure. When the city was haunted by the plague, its frightened population, together with the local officials, left it to escape the infection. These circumstances made some legal procedures in the composition of the testaments more complicated: the local officials who were responsible for providing thi stype of legal services delayed a visit to make a will or refused to come because of the fear or self-infection. Therefore, already sick or still healthy residents of Lviv and its suburbs were forced to express their last will in the presence of not all officials or casual witnesses who agreed to listen and record their last wills. As a result of such non-professional compilation, the testaments which emerged in the plague periods contain many unique details upon the history of daily life in the city during the epidemic. The texts also shed some light on personal perception of the epidemic by some Lviv residents and officials, their preventive actions, and relationships between family members during this rough time. These testaments also reveal the tragic pages of the last hours of plague-infected people who died outside of Lviv at anapiary, near windmills, or in plague camps far from their families and homes. Such acts of last will also show misunderstandings by the testators who divided property in extreme conditions assuming that the whole family might die, and it would not be inherited by anyone. On the contrary, in the case of the death of all members of a family, the testators asked to transfer their property for praying for the souls of the dead. The last option was also practiced among childless testators. In general, the testament texts of the epidemic periods were not written in a high style. Mainly, they contain a declaration of the essential orders concerning debt, property, the salvation of the soul, and the burial of the body, although there were some exceptions.
Las w życiu codziennym Lasowiaków i Poleszuków
Authors: Wodzińska Izabela
Published: May 2021

Forest in the Everyday Life of Lasowiacy and Poleszucy. Selected Issues

The article attempts to compare the role of the forest in the everyday life of the inhabitants of the former Sandomierz Primeval Forest (Lasowiacy) and Polesie (Poleszucy/Poleshuks).The study has used the findings of the research conducted by the Museum of Folk Culture in Kolbuszowa in 2008-2014 and 2016-2017, the materials from the Museum’s scientific archives, and information from sources and ethnographic and historical studies on the subject. The obtained material was compared with the information on the use of forest crops by the inhabitants of Easter Polesie from the ethnographic studies by Kazimierz Moszyński and Czesław Pietkiewicz (available as digital resources). Attempts were made to show that the similarity between these groups was evident in the method of harvesting forest crops, meal preparation, and folk medicine. Life in the Sandomierz Primeval Forest and Polesie developeda sense of their own cultural distinctness in Lasowiacy and Poleszucy, expressed in many aspects of everyday life, the richness of customs and annual rituals.
Building trust in an integrated care system: a leader's experience
Authors: Webster Rob
Published: May 2021

Achieving success as an integrated care system can be fraught with challenges. Rob Webster CBE, CEO Lead for the West Yorkshire and Harrogate Health and Care Partnership, explains why trust is integral to overcoming these challenges and making a real difference to local communities.
Managing the side effects of contraception
Authors: Boog Katie
Published: May 2021

Although often transient, side effects are the most common reason for individuals to discontinue contraception. The evidence to prove causality is limited, as is evidence-based guidance on how to manage these side effects. This article summarises the available evidence. For individuals who have new or worsening acne on progestogen-only contraception (POC), switching to combined hormonal contraception (CHC) is likely to improve their skin. Continuous or extended CHC use may be beneficial for individuals with premenstrual mood change, and for those who experience headaches in the hormone-free interval. Unpredictable bleeding patterns on POC are common. Injectable users can try reducing the interval between injections to 10 weeks. Implant, injectable or Intrauterine system users can be offered a 3-month trial of a combined oral contraceptive pill (COC). CHC and POP users with unpredictable bleeding may benefit from switching to an alternative preparation.
A Vez em que a Burocracia Estava Escondida no Banheiro
Authors: Martins Gomes Greice , Martins de Soares Henrique , Roberto Váttimo Bruck Ney
Published: May 2021

RESUMO: Elaborado com base em uma situação real o presente caso de ensino busca relacionar teoria com prática por meio da confrontação de situações que envolvem nossa vida diária nas mais variadas formas organizacionais às quais fazemos parte. Propondo um método de ensino-aprendizagem participativo, visa aproximar os(as) alunos(as) da realidade da área de estudos em Administração a partir de uma percepção crítica e reflexiva da/sobre a realidade. Para tanto, toma-se como mote o conceito de burocracia que, a partir de uma perspectiva weberiana, pode ser interpretado enquanto forma de controle e dominação. Tomando isso como norte, nossa sugestão é “atuar” sobre a burocracia, justamente, por meio de seu oposto. Isso significa ponderar que, diante da normatividade, do formalismo e da fixidez da burocracia a criatividade, surge aqui como um possível caminho de desvio em direção a construções coletivas e organizacionais mais voltadas a uma perspectiva de autonomia e emancipação dos sujeitos.
On the use of force
Authors: Hamourtziadou Lily , Headech Saffron , Jackson Jonathan
Published: May 2021

The use of force by the state through its security services has been the topic of much debate, especially in recent years after the Black Lives Matter movement highlighted and protested against the treatment of black people by police officers. The state's use of force through the police and through military campaigns is closely examined and assessed in relation to both the treatment of ethnic minorities in the UK, and to the treatment of civilians by the US–UK coalition in the Middle East as part of the War on Terror. The violation of human rights, despite the principles, rules and laws already in place to protect them, is explored by examining the use of the prone position at home, and the tactic of airstrikes, the use of prohibited weapons and the treatment of detainees by UK forces abroad.
Successional dynamics of a 35 year old freshwater mitigation wetland in southeastern New Hampshire
Authors: McKown J. Grant , Moore Gregg E. , Payne Andrew R. , White Natalie A. , Gibson Jennifer L.
Published: May 2021

The long-term ecological success of compensatory freshwater wetland projects has come into question based on follow-up monitoring studies over the past few decades. Given that wetland restoration may require many years to decades to converge to desired outcomes, long-term monitoring of successional patterns may increase our ability to fully evaluate success of wetland mitigation projects or guide adaptive management when needed. In Portsmouth, New Hampshire a 4 ha wetland was constructed in an abandoned gravel quarry as off-site compensatory mitigation for impacts to a scrub-shrub swamp associated with property expansion. Building upon prior evaluations from 1992 and 2002, we conducted a floral survey in 2020 to compare results with prior surveys to document vegetation successional trends over time. In addition, we monitored the avian community throughout the growing season as a measure of habitat quality. The plant community mirrored documented successional trends of freshwater wetland restoration projects as native hydrophytes dominated species composition. Plant species composition stabilized as the rate of turnover, the measurement of succession, declined by nearly half after 17 years. Researchers should consider long-term monitoring of specific sites to better understand successional patterns of created wetlands as we documented long time frames required for the development of scrub-shrub swamps, red maple swamps, and sedge meadows. High species richness was attributed to beaver activity, topographic heterogeneity fromCarex strictatussocks, and the seed bank from the application of peat from the original wetland. Habitat heterogeneity of open water, herbaceous cover, and woody vegetation supports a diverse avian community including 11 wetland dependent species. Although the mitigation project has not created the full area of lost scrub-shrub swamp after 35 years, it has developed a structurally complex habitat and diverse avian community that effectively provides the functions and values of the impacted system.
The impacts of and outcomes from telehealth delivered in prisons: A systematic review
Authors: Tian Esther Jie , Venugopalan Sooraj , Kumar Saravana , Beard Matthew
Published: May 2021

Background

While the delivery of healthcare services within prison systems is underpinned by different models, access to timely and optimal healthcare is often constrained by multifaceted factors. Telehealth has been used as an alternative approach to conventional care. To date, much of the focus has been on evaluation of telehealth interventions within certain geographical contexts such as rural and remote communities. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to synthesise the evidence base to date for the impacts of, and outcomes from, telehealth delivered in prisons.

Methods

This systematic review was underpinned by best practice in the conduct and reporting of systematic reviews. A systematic search was conducted to reinforce the literature selection process. The modified McMaster Critical Appraisal Tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. A narrative synthesis of the study outcomes was undertaken.

Results

Twenty-nine quantitative studies were included. Telehealth interventions were greatly varied in terms of types of healthcare services, implementation process and intervention parameters. Methodological concerns such as rigour in data collection and analysis, and psychometric properties of outcome measures were commonly identified.Process-related outcomesandtelehealth outcomeswere the two overarching categories identified.

Conclusion

This systematic review provides mixed evidence on the impact of, and outcomes from, telehealth in prisons. While the evidence base does highlight some positive impacts of telehealth, which at the least, is as effective as conventional care while achieving patient satisfaction, it is also important to consider the local context and drivers that may influence what, when and how telehealth services are provided. Addressing critical factors throughout the lifecycle of telehealth is equally important for successful implementation and sustainability.
Effect of exercise training on heart rate variability in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Picard Mathilde , Tauveron Igor , Magdasy Salwan , Benichou Thomas , Bagheri Reza , Ugbolue Ukadike C. , Navel Valentin , Dutheil Frédéric
Published: May 2021

Background

Cardiac autonomic neuropathy is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), that can be measured through heart rate variability (HRV)–known to be decreased in T2DM. Physical exercise can improve HRV in healthy population, however results are under debate in T2DM. We conducted a systemic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of physical exercise on HRV in T2DM patients.

Method

PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and ScienceDirect databases were searched for all studies reporting HRV parameters in T2DM patients before and after exercise training, until September 20th 2020, without limitation to specific years. We conducted random-effects meta-analysis stratified by type of exercise for each of the HRV parameters: RR–intervals (or Normal to Normal intervals–NN), standard deviation of RR intervals (SDNN), percentage of adjacent NN intervals varying by more than 50 milliseconds (pNN50), root mean square of successive RR-intervals differences (RMSSD), total power, Low Frequency (LF), High Frequency (HF) and LF/HF ratio. Sensitivity analyses were computed on studies with the highest quality.

Results

We included 21 studies (9 were randomized) for a total of 523 T2DM patients: 472 had an exercise training and 151 were controls (no exercise). Intervention was endurance (14 studies), resistance (2 studies), endurance combined with resistance (4 studies), and high intensity interval training (HIIT) (4 studies). After exercise training, all HRV parameters improved i.e. an increase in SDNN (effect size = 0.59, 95%CI 0.26 to 0.93), RMSSD (0.62, 0.28 to 0.95), pNN50 (0.62, 0.23 to 1.00), HF (0.58, -0.16 to 0.99), and a decrease in LF (-0.37, -0.69 to -0.05) and LF/HF (-0.52, -0.79 to -0.24). There were no changes in controls. Stratification by type of exercise showed an improvement in most HRV parameters (SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50, LF, HF, LF/HF) after endurance training, whereas mostly LF/HF was improved after both resistance training and HIIT. Supervised training improved most HRV parameters. Duration and frequency of training did not influence the benefits on HRV.

Conclusion

Exercise training improved HRV parameters in T2DM patients which may reflect an improvement in the activity of the autonomic nervous system. The level of proof is the highest for endurance training. Supervised training seemed beneficial.
A Novel Portable, Economical Pump to Inject Embalming Fluid to Preserve Cadavers
Authors: Kanagasabapathy Muthuvel Vijayan , Sathurusangaravel Ezhilarasan
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND Embalming is the process of treating a dead human / animal body with a chemical to protect the body from microbial spoilage and to renovate the physical appearance. Usually, it involves using formalin-based solutions. Although there are many embalming devices, most of them are heavy to lift, expensive and electrically operated. These types of electrically operated cadaveric injectors are widely used for embalming as it provides complete fixation (up to the distal parts of the limbs), and helps to save time. This study focuses on comparing a cost-effective, portable, ecofriendly embalming equipment which can run without electrical power with conventional technique. METHODS The comparative study of trials in checking the efficiency of the device were carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Government Theni Medical College, Theni. About 60 cadavers were received. Thirty (30) of them had been embalmed using this pump, the remaining half (30) were preserved by conventional method of embalming (i.e., electrical cadaveric injector). Embalming kit includes scalpel blade, surgical gloves, toothed- and blunt-forceps, scissors and modified fertilizer spraying pump, cannula, and pressure gauge. Arterial embalming was performed through femoral artery (femoral triangle). RESULTS We developed a cost-effective, portable, eco-friendly embalming equipment which does not require power and tested its efficiency in preserving about 30 cadavers. We observed that the novel method was 96 % efficient. CONCLUSIONS The pump is highly effective in preserving the body and anyone with minimal training could use it. KEY WORDS Embalming, Pump, Formalin, Fixative, Cadaver Preservation, Single Point Injection Technique, Femoral Artery
Morphometry and Morphology of Rouviere’s Sulcus of Liver for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy - A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Deshatty Deepali D. , B.N. Shruthi , S Kavitha , L Merlyn Madhumitha
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND The Rouviere’s sulcus (RS) is a horizontal sulcus on inferior surface of liver. The identification of RS may avoid bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and reduce the number of complications. RS is useful but often ignored anatomic landmark. The purpose of the study was to determine the presence/absence, types, and morphometry of demonstrable Rouviere’s sulcus. METHODS This observational study was conducted on 50 (cadaveric) liver specimens obtained during dissection. All the surfaces were meticulously observed, the RS was identified and photographed. The parameters like its presence/ absence, type of sulcus, length, breadth and depth were measured. Later it is classified into type 1, 2 & 3 depending on its morphology. RESULTS The Rouviere’s sulcus was present in 36 (72 %) specimens. The type 1RS in 29 (58 %), type 2 RS in 4 (8 %) and type 3 RS in 3 (6 %) specimens was observed. The RS was horizontal in 25 (50 %) specimens and oblique in 11 (22 %) specimens. The average length, breadth and depth of RS were 3.5 cm, 0.14 cm & 0.52 cm respectively. CONCLUSIONS The knowledge of presence / absence of Rouviere’s sulcus, its type and morphometry provide useful information to the surgeons to avoid bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and to achieve a good outcome. KEY Words Rouviere’s Sulcus, Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Bile Duct Injury
Assessment of Sperm Quality - A Light Microscope Study
Authors: Raj Jyothi A. , Sankar Heera , Mahapatra Sagarika , Binny Ashima
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND Semen analysis is an integral part of work up for infertility in men, with sperm morphology being an important qualitative parameter. Qualitative defects can affect any part of the sperm and are classified as defects in the head, middle piece, and tail, based on morphology. The focus of the study was to assess qualitative defects in sperms by light microscopy, in semen with normal sperm counts. METHODS This study is hospital based, descriptive, retrospective study. Of the semen samples received in the clinical laboratory, fifty with normal sperm counts were included in the study and processed according to standard protocol. For evaluation of qualitative defects by sperm morphology, smears were fixed in ethanol, stained with Papanicolaou stain [PAP], and assessed under light microscope. RESULTS The 50 semen samples included in the study had sperm counts ranging from 15 to 80 million / ml. Thirty samples had less than 10 % abnormal forms, fourteen samples had 11 - 20 % abnormal forms, five samples had 21 - 30 % abnormal forms and one sample had 40 % abnormal sperms. Qualitative defects were classified as morphological abnormalities in head, neck, and tail. Of the fifty cases, most defects were found in the head, followed by those in the neck and tail. Common defects noted were double head (44 %), abnormal sized heads, and bent neck (48 %). Coiling was a common defect noted in the tail (10 %). Most sperms showed a combination of defects. CONCLUSIONS Qualitative defects in sperm morphology are often seen in samples with normal sperm counts. Assessment of microscopic characteristics of human spermatozoa is as important as count and motility in the complete evaluation and work-up of semen samples in cases of infertility. KEY WORDS Semen, Sperm, Quality, Microscopy, Morphology
Chondromyxoid Fibroma of Calcaneum – A Rare Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Lakmani Amit , Sharma Ena , Khatri Kevin , Hooda Aman
Published: May 2021

Chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) is a slow-growing benign tumour seen in the metaphysis of a long bone. World health organization (WHO) Classification of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumours (2002) defines CMF as ''benign tumour characterized by lobules of spindle or stellate-shaped cells with abundant myxoid or chondroid intercellular material.1 Jaffe and Lichtenstein were the first to describe this tumour in 1943.2 They differentiated CMF as a benign lesion from chondrosarcoma which is a much more common malignant tumour. Chondromyxoid fibroma is a potentially aggressive tumour with a cartilage-like matrix. It accounts for approximately 1 % of all bone tumors.3 CMF is found in older children and young adults. This type of tumour normally affects people between the age of 10 to 30 years.3,4,5 It is associated with high local recurrence and with less than 2 % of malignant transformation5. While the cells of the CMF tumour do not undergo metastasis, but they can invade nearby tissues. It is painful and causes other symptoms like swelling, stiffness, tenderness, and abnormal growth under the skin. The most common site of this lesion is the tibia and other affected sites are the flat and facial bones, and sparsely in bones of the feet and hand.6,7,8,9 Its occurrence in calcaneum is rarely seen.9 So here we report a case of a female patient, presented with cystic swelling and pain in the left foot, which was diagnosed as CMF in excision biopsy.
Colon Crypts of Subjects With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Show an Increased Number of LGR5+ Ectopic Stem Cells
Authors: Jennelle Lucas T. , Dampier Christopher H. , Tring Stephanie , Powell Steven , Casey Graham
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC) syndrome characterized by accelerated adenoma development due to inherited (or de novo) mutations in the APC regulator of WNT signaling pathway (APC) gene. The mechanism underlying this accelerated polyp development in subjects with FAP has not been defined. Given that LGR5+ stem cells drive crypt cell proliferation, we hypothesized that FAP crypts would demonstrate aberrant leucine-rich repeat–containing G-protein–coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) staining patterns.

METHODS:

Biopsies were taken from 11 healthy subjects, 7 subjects with Lynch syndrome, 4 subjects with FAP, and 1 subject with MUTYH-associated polyposis syndrome during routine screening or surveillance colonoscopy. Crypt staining was evaluated by immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Stem cell numbers were estimated by immunofluorescence staining of isolated crypts using antibodies against LGR5 and other proteins.

RESULTS:

Subjects with FAP exhibited a greater number of LGR5+ stem cells in their crypts than healthy subjects and subjects with Lynch syndrome and MUTYH-associated polyposis syndrome. Most crypts of subjects with FAP harbored LGR5+ cells located above the lower third of the crypts.

DISCUSSION:

These findings support a model in which inactivation of one copy of APC leads to increased numbers of LGR5+ stem cells, many of which are ectopic, in colon crypts of subjects with FAP. Overabundant and ectopic LGR5+ stem cells could lead to an expanded proliferative zone of dividing cells more likely to develop mutations that would contribute to the accelerated adenoma development observed in FAP.

JOURNAL/cltg/04.03/01720094-202105000-00014/inline-graphic1/v/2023-10-30T172634Z/r/image-tiff
De quem é a lua? Um pouco da história da disputa pela Dança nas escolas brasileiras nos últimos 20 anos
Authors: Soter da Silveira Silvia Camara , Andries Nogueira Monique
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo trata da disputa pelo ensino da dança na educação básica entre os campos da Dança/Arte e da Educação Física no Brasil nos últimos vinte anos. Apresenta um breve histórico da situação da dança na educação básica no Brasil e das tensões que cercam os campos da Arte e da Educação Física no que se refere à responsabilidade pelo ensino de dança na escola. Sugere, a partir de Félix (2011), que conceber a dupla presença da dança na escola por distinção e não por oposição pode ser uma estratégia interessante para que cada uma das áreas esclareça as especificidades de suas abordagens.
The Correlation between Perceived Social Support with Suicide Ideation
Authors: Kusumastuti Prima , Jusup Innawati , Fitrikasari Alifiati , Hadiati Titis
Published: May 2021

Background: Based on data from WHO in 2015, it shows that the death rate due to suicide in the world was recorded to have increased by 23.2% compared to 2009. Research in 2016 shows that the largest age range who experienced suicide was from 15-29 years. Many things are predicted to be a protective factor against suicide, including social support. Research on suicide protection factors is useful in preventing the increasing number of suicides.Objective: To analyze the correlation between perceived social support with suicidal ideationMethods: This research is a quantitative study with cross sectional design. Samples were taken from vocational school and academy in Semarang, who met the inclusion and exclusion criterias. The sample selection was carried out by the simple random sampling method. This research used the Indonesian version of the SSI (Scale of Suicide Ideation) and the MSPSS (Multidimentional Scale of Perceived Social Support) questionnaires.Results: It was found that the prevalence of high suicidal ideation score was 50.8% while the low suicidal ideation score was 49.2%. There was a significant correlation between suicidal ideation with perceived of family support (p = 0.002) and peer support (p = 0.050). Meanwhile, there was no significant correlation between the suicidal ideation and the support from significant others (p = 0.154). Conclusion: There was a correlation between perceived of family and peer support with suicidal ideation
SOCIO-CULTURAL VALUES AND CHILDREN’S RIGHTS IN CALABAR
Authors: OFFIONG EKWUTOSI ESSIEN , UDUIGWOMEN GODSPOWER ANDREW
Published: May 2021

This paper on Socio-Cultural Values and Children’s Rights in Calabar analyses the history and value system associated with child upbringing in the city of Calabar. Communalism, which ensured child socialisation from birth, was a common practice in Calabar like in other areas of Africa and Nigeria until European incursion and eventual introduction of capitalism during colonial times. This change resulted in the diminishing of communal lifestyle and reduction of family sizes to nuclear forms. It also necessitated the population increase and related social problems. Although historical in content and analysis, the paper adopted the multidisciplinary approach of reconstruction with data gleaned from primary and secondary sources. Findings showed that right from pre-colonial times, inhuman practices that abused children’s rights like child pawning and killing of twins characterised this study area. Population increase and the rise of urban poor and slums resulted in the breeding of abused children, with most homeless on the streets of Calabar. Witchcraft labelling and child trafficking were also highlighted as other significant and recurring causes of child abuse in Calabar. This paper concluded by reiterating that as Calabar flouts its status as a ‘restful city’, children must not be denied of this ‘restful’ lifestyle. Child rights must be implementable and child right violators prosecuted.
NAVIGATING THE CUMULATIVE EFFECTS OF FAMILY LANGUAGE POLICY DURING CHILDHOOD FOR IMMIGRANT YOUTH IN CANADA
Authors: MACCORMAC MEGAN , MACCORMAC KATHERINE
Published: May 2021

One of the most influential decisions that immigrant parents must make for their children involves establishing a set of rules and norms governing what language(s) they will be raised with and how they will acquire proficiency in the dominant languages of the host society, a process known as family language policy. Such decisions can have long lasting effects for immigrant children into adulthood by influencing their integration into the host society and transition towards adult life. Using retrospective, in-depth interview data collected from young immigrant adults, this study explores the ways that parental decisions made throughout an immigrant child’s life course regarding language use and learning shape their multilingual identity and attitude towards the use of multiple languages in their everyday adult life. Findings suggest that the linguistic decisions parents make in the early years of an immigrant youths’ life have lasting impacts on them in terms of connecting to family members and culture in adulthood. We found that when parents created either a flexible or strict family language policy, such policies produced more positive experiences in the migration and early settlement process for immigrant youth compared to those whose parents did not form a family language policy.
PARENTING IN CONFLICT – PARENTAL ALIENATION: NETNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH
Authors: ROSZAK MAGDALENA
Published: May 2021

Parental alienation is a phenomenon that appears after the divorce or break-up in a situation, where there is high conflict between the separating parents accompanying the termination of the relationship. It includes actions intentionally taken by one of the sides, who is seeking to distort the relationship between the child and the other parent. As a result of the alienation, the child starts to excessively prefer the custodial parent and intensively reject the non-custodial parent. The discussion concerning parental alienation was initiated by Richard Gardner, a psychiatrist, who introduced the idea of PAS ‘parental alienation syndrome’. His concept was widely commented by its supporters as well as by sceptics and opponents, as a result of which its modified version, PA ‘parental alienation’, was developed. Published research concerning the subject can be found in English-language scientific articles as early as in 1998. However, in Polish academic literature parental alienation is almost non-existent. The objective of this article is to open a discussion on this subject. Apart from theoretical analysis of the phenomenon, the narratives of parents who believe to experience PA were analysed. The analysis regarded aspects such as: definition, characteristics and sources of parental alienation. The article analyses also actions, which are the alienated parents’ reactions to PA. The performed analysis was of netnographic nature.
Study of sorption properties of cellulose and its derivatives
Authors: Ioelovich Michael , Leykin Alex
Published: May 2021

The sorption of vapors by cellulose samples and by some cellulose derivatives was studied at 25 oC. To describe sorption isotherms, a thermodynamic equation was proposed: A=Ao/[1-(RT/g)lnφ], where Ao is maximal sorption value, φ is relative pressure of vapors, and g is specific thermodynamic potential. Depending on the g -value, this equation can describe isotherms of various shapes that occur for cellulose and its derivatives. Application of the equation makes it possible to calculate such structural characteristics of the polymers as accessible specific surface and crystallinity, as well as the substitution degree of cellulose derivatives. Moreover, amounts of monomolecular and multimolecular fractions of the sorbate can be determined.
5th International Meeting of Early-stage Researchers in Palaeontology
Authors: Spiridonov Andrej , Dankina Darja , Daumantas Liudas
Published: May 2021

The International Meetings of Early-stage Researchers in Palaeontology (IMERP) are aimed at early-stage palaeontologists, from undergraduate students to recent post-doctoral researchers. Geologists, biologists or any scientist with research topics related to palaeontology, as well as palaeoartists, are also welcome.

The IMERP has two main objectives:

To provide a friendly environment for early-stage researchers to present their research through oral or poster presentations and follow each other’s progress.

To share new methods and ideas useful in palaeontology, and develop the skills of the attendees with the help of leading experts, invited to give lectures about their fields.

The IMERPs are usually held in villages or towns located in countryside areas of geological interest. This way the meeting can be held in a closer and more friendly environment, as well as help to the dissemination of the regional natural heritage among the local population. A field trip to this paleontological and geological heritage is offered to the meeting participants.

After the 1st IMERP in 2016, the 2nd IMERP was held in Sigri (Lesbos, Greece) in 2017, the 3rd IMERP in Krasiejów (Opole, Poland) in 2018, and the 4th in Cuenca (Spain) in 2019