bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Öğretmen Adaylarının Çevreye Yönelik Ekosentrik, Antroposentrik ve Antipatik Tutumları
Authors: BOZDEMİR Hafife , FAİZ Melike
Published: February 2018

Araştırmada,
öğretmen adaylarının çevreye yönelik antroposentrik, ekosentrik ve antipatik
tutumlarını belirlemek, bazı değişkenler açısından incelemek ve boyutlar
arasındaki ilişkiyi tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada betimsel yöntem
kullanılmıştır. 800 öğretmen adayı ile yürütülen araştırmanın verileri Erten
(2007) tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanan Ekosentrik, Antroposentrik ve Çevreye
Yönelik Antipatik Tutum Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde betimsel
istatistikler, bağımsız gruplar t testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi
kullanılmıştır. İlişkinin belirlenmesi için de Pearson Momentler Çarpımı
Korelasyon Katsayısı hesaplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda ekosentrik tutumların
kız öğrenciler, antipatik tutum puanlarının erkek öğrenciler lehine olduğu görülmüştür.
Sınıf düzeyine bakıldığında sınıf düzeyi arttıkça ekosentrik tutum puanlarının
arttığı ve antipatik tutum puanlarının azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Öğrenim
görülen program açısından öğretmen adaylarının antipatik tutum puanlarında
Sosyal Bilgiler Eğitimi öğretmen adayları lehine anlamlı bir farklılık
bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlara ek olarak ekosentrik tutumla antroposentrik tutum
arasında pozitif yönde; antipatik tutum arasında negatif yönde; antroposentrik
ve antipatik tutumlar arasında da pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki
saptanmıştır.
Ege Bölgesinde İkinci Ürün Mısırda Zararlı Zyginidia pullula (Boherman, 1845) Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)’nın Neden Olduğu Ürün Kaybı ve Ekonomik Zarar Eşiği Üzerinde Araştırmalar
Authors: ERSİN Firdevs , YILMAZ Erkan , KAYA Ekrem , İLKER Emre , TURANLI Ferit
Published: February 2018

Bu çalışma, ikinci ürün mısırın önemli zararlılarından
Zyginidia pullula (Boherman, 1845)
(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)’nın mısır bitkisinde Ekonomik Zarar Eşiğinin (EZE)
belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmalar 2011-2013 yıllarında Bornova
Zirai Mücadele Araştırma Enstitüsü laboratuvarları ile Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat
Fakültesi’ne ait Bornova’daki deneme alanlarına kurulan kafeslerde
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Arazi çalışmaları ise 2011-2014 yılları arasında Aydın
(Merkez, Çine, Koçarlı, Söke), İzmir (Bergama, Menemen) ve Manisa (Merkez,
Akhisar, Salihli, Saruhanlı) illerinde 2-4 yaprak aşamasındaki ikinci ürün
mısır alanlarında yürütülmüştür. Kafeslere tesadüf blokları deneme desenine
göre ekilmiş mısır bitkilerine bitki başına 10, 30 ve 100 adet olacak şekilde
kitle üretimi yapılan Z. pullula
erginleri salınarak denemeler kurulmuştur. Haftalık olarak zararlı sayımı,
zarar belirtileri değerlendirilmiş ve elde edilen tane verim değerlerinin
ortalamalarına regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Kafes çalışmaları sonucunda
zararlının EZE değeri bitki başına 13 birey olarak saptanmıştır. Sayım
sonuçlarına göre Aydın iline bağlı Çine ve Koçarlı ilçelerinde, İzmir iline
bağlı Bergama ve Menemen ilçeleri ile Manisa iline bağlı Saruhanlı ilçelerinde
mısır tarlalarında zararlının popülasyonunun EZE değerini aştığı saptanmıştır.
Bu sonuçlara bağlı olarak zararlının mısır üretim alanlarında epidemi yapma
potansiyeli olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca çalışma ile kanyaş gibi yabani Graminae
türlerinin ara konukçuluk yaparak zararlının yoğunluğunun artmasına neden
olduğu gözlenmiştir.
Kesme Gül Yetiştiriciliğinde Arıtma Çamuru Uygulamalarının Bitki Gelişimi, Çiçeklenme ve Kalite Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: AKAT Hülya , ALTUNLU Hakan , ÇETİNKALE DEMİRKAN Gülbin , AKAT SARAÇOĞLU Özlem , YOKAŞ İbrahim
Published: February 2018

İçerdiği

organik madde ve besin elementleri bakımından değerli bir ürün olan atık çamur,

çevreye olumsuz etkileri önemli bir problem haline gelmiştir. Rosa canina ‘Laxa’ üzerine aşılı Rosa sp. “Akito” kesme gülünün

yetiştiriciliğinde farklı dozlarda toprağa uygulanan atık çamurun (D0: % 0, D1:

% 20,D2: %  40, D3: % 60), bitki

gelişimi, verim ve kalite kriterleri üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bitki

gelişimi, verim ve kalite ile ilgili sonuçlara bakıldığında yaş ve kuru üst

aksam ve kök ağırlığı, kök uzunluğu, bitki başına çiçek sayısı, çiçek sapı

uzunluğu ve çapı, gonca boyu ve çapı arıtma çamuru uygulaması ile artmıştır. En

iyi değerler % 40 arıtma çamuru ilave edilen uygulamada elde edilmiştir. Fakat

bu oranın üzerindeki arıtma çamuru artışlarında bütün değerler azalma eğilimi

göstermiştir. Araştırmada arıtma çamurunun kesme gül yetiştiriciliğinde

kullanımının mümkün olduğu uygulanan tüm dozların kontrol uygulamasına göre

başarılı olduğu, hem bitki gelişimi hem de kaliteyi olumlu yönde etkilediği

saptanmıştır. 
Biber (Capsicum annuum L.) ve Patlıcan (Solanum melongena L.) Tohumlarının Fidelik Performanslarının İyileştirilmesi
Authors: DUMAN İbrahim , GÖKÇÖL Adem
Published: February 2018

 

Araştırmada özellikle fidelik koşullarında çimlenme/çıkış sorunu yaşanan    biber ve patlıcan tohumlarının fidelik

performanslarının iyileştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla tohumlara ekim

öncesinde 3 faklı uygulama (polimer film kaplama uygulaması, film kaplama

solüsyonuna yüklenen % 0,2’lik KNO3 kombinasyonu (polimer+KNO3)

uygulaması ile çimlenme ve fidelik koşullarında KNO3 uygulaması)

yapılmıştır. Uygulamalardan sonra yapılan çimlenme ve fidelik koşulundaki çıkış

testlerindelerinde uygulamaların çimlenme/çıkış oranı ve ortalama

çimlenme/çıkış zamanına olan etkileri ile elde edilen fidelerin bazı kalite

özelliklerine olan etkileri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin

değerlendirilmesi sonunda, her iki türde de ortalama çimlenme/çıkış zamanının

azaltılmasında KNO3 uygulamasının etkisi istatistiki bakımdan önemli

bulunmuştur. Bu uygulama ile biber tohumunda hem yüksek oranda çimlenme

(%92,48) ve çıkış (%90,57) hemde erken çimlenme (5,17 gün) ve çıkış (9,95 gün)

elde edilmiştir. Patlıcan tohumlarında da en yüksek çıkış oranı (%98,00) yine

aynı uygulamadan elde edilmiştir. Patlıcan tohumlarının ortalama çimlenme ve

çıkış zamanı değerleri bakımından da uygulamalar arasındaki fark istatistiki

anlamda önemli bulunmuş olup KNO3 uygulaması ile ortalama çimlenme

ve çıkış zamanına sırası ile 4,64 ve 9,70 günde ulaşılmıştır. 
İzmir, Çanakkale ve Balıkesir İlleri Keçi İşletmelerinde Sürü Yönetim Uygulamaları Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: Taşkın Turgay , Koşum Nedim , Engindeniz Sait , Savran A.Ferhan , Aktürk Duygu , Kesenkaş Harun , Uzmay Ayşe , Gökmen Mukadderat
Published: February 2018

 

Bu araştırmanın

amacı, İzmir, Çanakkale ve Balıkesir illerinde keçi yetiştiriciliği yapan

işletmelerde sürü yönetimi (bakım-besleme-sağlık koruma) uygulamaları

bakımından bir durum tespiti yapmaktır. Araştırma verileri, tabakalı (oransal)

tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen 234 işletmeden elde edilmiştir.

İşletmeler, 75 baş ve daha az hayvanı olan (1.grup), 76-150 baş hayvanı olan

(2.grup) ve 151 baş ve daha fazla hayvanı olan (3.grup) şeklinde

gruplandırılmıştır. İller bazında Çanakkale, keçi varlığında ilk sırayı

almakta, bunu Balıkesir ili izlemektedir. Keçi yetiştiriciliği yapan

işletmelerin çoğunlukla yerleşik sisteme sahip olduğu, küçük işletmelerde göçer

ya da yarı-göçer sistemin az da olsa devam ettiği söylenebilir.  İşletmelerde baskın teke katım şekli serbest

aşım şeklindedir. Elde aşım yapan işletme sayısı çok azdır. Tekelerin sürüde

kalma süresi ortalama 10.11 aydır. İşletmelerin %55.13’ünde doğum için bir

hazırlık yapılmakta ve %58.55’inde doğum bölmesi bulunmaktadır. İşletmelerin

%55.13’ünde oğlakların sütten kesim ağırlığına ait bir kayıt yoktur.

İşletmeler, damızlık gereksinimlerini öncelikle kendi sürülerinden

sağlamaktadır. Keçi yetiştiriciliğinin geliştirilmesi amacıyla yetiştirici

lehine kısa ve orta vadede alınacak teknik-ekonomik kararların ülkemizde bu

üretim dalının gelişmesine önemli katkılar yapacağı beklenmektedir. 
Arqueologia subaquática, arqueologia pública e o Brasil
Authors: Fontolan Marina
Published: February 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é abrir debates sobre como a Arqueologia Subaquáticapode se valer do conceito e das prerrogativas da Arqueologia Pública nosentido de garantir (ou não) que o patrimônio cultural submerso seja protegido,mesmo que seja sem o respaldo legislativo. Para tal, analiso brevemente odesenvolvimento da arqueologia no país, mostrando, sobretudo, como sedá a proteção deste patrimônio no que concerne às leis envolvidas. Então,passo a apresentar algumas possibilidades de atuação dos profissionaisda Arqueologia de modo que eles possam envolver o público em geral napreservação deste patrimônio. Isto, de forma a abrir caminhos para debatesdentro da área no que concerne à atuação do profissional da Arqueologiafrente a seu trabalho.
“Dê ao garoto esta marshalltown dourada”: a arqueologia na visão de Kent Flannery
Authors: Morales Martha Helena Loeblein Becker
Published: February 2018

Este artigo propõe uma análise específica do texto The Golden Marshalltown, escrito por Kent Flannery no início da década de 1980. Parábola bem humorada, situada no centro de um debate conceitual, é uma narrativa que possibilita ainda hoje refletir sobre as mudanças teóricas no campo arqueológico, considerando a aceitação e a rejeição de determinadas ideias por diferentes grupos acadêmicos. O objetivo principal é identificar a arqueologia ideal, na perspectiva do autor, para analisar criticamente alguns traços importantes do clima intelectual que marcou a disciplina no final do século XX, repercutindo mesmo na atualidade. Deve ficar claro, enfim, que as formas de escrever arqueologia são sintomáticas da formatação disciplinar que se deseja legitimar, definindo o campo de atuação profissional, bem como o comportamento idealizado do arqueólogo.
Aedes poilicius DAN PELUANG MENJADI VEKTOR FILARIASIS DI INDONESIA
Authors: Rosanti Tutik Ida , . Sunaryo , Dwianasari Lieza , Sari Octavia Permata , Dwi Sari Fibi Niken
Published: February 2018

Elephantiasis or Filariasis lymphatic is parasitic infectious disease caused by filarial wormsWuchereriabancrofti, Brugiamalayi, and Brugiatimori,and transmitted by several types of mosquito (Anopheles, Aedes, Culex, MansoniadanArmigeres). This is not a mortal disease but permanent disability that follows brings adverse consequences in both health and socio-economy to either the sufferer or the family.Adult mosquito survey was conducted to figure out the existence of mosquito species identified as the vector of specific disease in an area, to know the bionomics and breeding ground. The above data were of high significance for effective and efficient control.Survey method used was spot survey in July 2013 in Paseh village, Banjarmangu municipality, Banjarnegara Regency. Research materials and utility were aspirator, paper cup, cotton, torchlight, rubber band and mosquito box. Mosquito catching was done all day and night.Evening catch found and identified two Aedespoilicius, the main filariasis vector in Philippine and hasnever been reported as philariasis vector or dengue fever in Indonesia.The similar characteristics of natural environment and demography between Indonesia and Philippine demand awareness of the possibility that this mosquito becomes filariasis vector in Indonesia.
POTENSI ANTIHIPERGLIKEMIA KEFIR BERBASIS SUSU KAMBING DAN KEDELAI PADA TIKUS MODEL DM TIPE 2
Authors: Muntafiah Alfi , . Sunarti , . Nurliyani
Published: February 2018

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. This high levels of blood glucose can lead both macro and microvascular complications. In addition to a great social impact, DM complications also determine age and quality of life of the patient. In order to prevent such complications, this research used nonpharmacological intervention with diet therapy, goat’s milk and soymilk based kefir, to restore blood glucose levels within normal range. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of goat’s milk and soy milk-based kefir on blood glucose levels rat model of DM type 2. This research was an experimental study, pre-posttest with control group design. The subjects were male Wistar rats, induced by streptozotocin-nicotinamide, treated with goat’s milk kefir, soy milk kefir and kefir combination of goat's milk and soy milk. Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) plasma examined by enzymatic photometric method. Results showed that treatment with goat’s milk kefir, soy milk kefir and kefir combination of goat’s milk - soy milk can reduce FBG levels in DM type 2 rat model. Goat’s milk kefir and combination of goat’s milk - soy milk kefir can decrease the average of FBG levels significantly (p = 0.000), and effectively restore FBG levels within normal range.
VARIABEL ANTESEDEN KEPUASAN DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP LOYALITAS KONSUMEN
Authors: Latif Hanif Abdul , Astogini Dwiwiyati , Sumarsono Sumarsono
Published: February 2018

The purpose this study to identify and analyze the effect antecedent variable of satisfaction that is web design, web navigation, costumized preview, website quality, service quality, and perceived value to consumer loyalty of Lazada.co.id. The sample in this study there were 155 respondents who are consumers of Lazada.co.id in Jakarta region. Convenience sampling method used in the determination of the sample. Data was analyzed using Equational Structural Modeling (SEM). These results indicate web design has no effect on web quality, web navigation has positive effect on web quality, customized preview has no effect on web quality, web quality has no effect on perceived value, service quality has positive effect on perceived value, perceived value has positive effect on satisfaction,satisfaction has positive effect on consumer loyalty.
Pengaruh Karakteristik Komite Audit, Perusahaan dan Struktur Kepemilikan Terhadap Kecurangan Pelaporan Keuangan
Authors: Prasetyo Andrian Budi
Published: February 2018

This study examines the effect of audit committee characteristics, firm characteristic and ownership structure on the likelihood of fraudulent financial reporting. Audit committee characteristics is examined by audit committee financial expertise, meetings of the audit committee and the audit committee tenure. Firm characteristic is examined by the leverage, firm size, firm’s growth rate and external auditor. Ownership structure is examined by managerial ownership and institutional ownership. This research is using a quantitative methods research. This research is using secondary data that comes from the cases list of Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) and annual reports of the listed companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Using a sample of 15 fraud and 15 non-fraud firms, we did not find a significant relation between the independent variabels and fraudulent financial reporting.
Pengujian Awal Pengaruh Faktor Internal dan Eksternal Perusahaan Terhadap Prediksi Kebangkrutan Perusahaan
Authors: Prawestri Adhelia Desi , Azis Abdul , Wiratno Adi
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of internal factor with the earning management as a proxy, and eksternal factor with allowance for impairment of receivables as a proxy to the earning management. This study was a qualitative research with agricultural sector company as objects along 2012 to 2015. By using purposive sampling techiques intended that the data obtained more varied because it comes from varied sources. According to the results, it can be concluded that the internal factors of earning management with the other comprehensive income as a proxy had a positive influence on the prediction of bakruptcies in the agricultural sector and the external factors with external risk that described by premises allowance for impairment of receivables does not have an influence on the prediction of banrkruptcies in the agricultural sector in BEI.
Pengaruh Kepemilikan Keluarga dan Good Corporate Governance Terhadap Kualitas Laba dan Kinerja Perusahaan
Authors: Mathova Anna , Perdana Halim Dedy , Rahmawati Isna Putri
Published: February 2018

This research is purposed to find out the effect of family ownership and Good Corporate Governance toward the earning quality and firm performance of the company listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2012 up to 2014. The sample of this research is using 153 companies for the earning quality model and 137 companies for firm performance model in Indonesia from 2012 up to 2014. The sampling is done using purposive sampling method. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis method using SPSS version 21.00. The result of the regression testing of earning quality model shows that only debt ratio influent the earning quality, while family ownership, institutional ownership, independent commissioner, type audit and payout ratio do not.  The test for the firm performance shows that the institutional ownership, independent commissioner, type audit and payout ratio are influencing the firm performance while the family ownership and debt ratio are not.
Real-Life/Real-Time Elderly Fall Detection with a Triaxial Accelerometer
Authors: Sucerquia Angela , Lopez Jose David , Vargas-Bonilla Francisco
Published: February 2018

The consequences of a fall on an elderly person can be reduced if the accident is attended by medical personnel within the first hour. Independent elderly people use to stay alone for long periods of time, being in more risk if they suffer a fall. The literature offers several approaches for detecting falls with embedded devices or smartphones using a triaxial accelerometer. Most of these approaches were not tested with the target population, or are not feasible to be implemented in real-life conditions. In this work, we propose a fall detection methodology based on a non-linear classification feature and a Kalman filter with a periodicity detector to reduce the false positive rate. This methodology requires a sampling rate of only 25 Hz; it does not require large computations or memory and it is robust among devices. We test our approach with the SisFall dataset achieving 99.4% of accuracy. Then, we validate it with a new round of simulated activities with young adults and an elderly person. Finally, we give the devices to three elderly persons for full-day validations. They continued with their normal life and the devices behaved as expected.
MERS-CoV: Understanding the Latest Human Coronavirus Threat
Authors: Chafekar Aasiyah , Fielding Burtram C.
Published: February 2018

Human coronaviruses cause both upper and lower respiratory tract infections in humans. In 2012 a sixth human coronavirus (hCoV) was isolated from a patient presenting with severe respiratory illness. The 60-year-old man died as a result of renal and respiratory failure after admission to a hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The aetiological agent was eventually identified as a coronavirus and designated Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). MERS-CoV has now been reported in more than 27 countries across the Middle East, Europe, North Africa and Asia. As of July 2017, 2040 MERS-CoV laboratory confirmed cases, resulting in 712 deaths, were reported globally, with a majority of these cases from the Arabian Peninsula. This review summarises the current understanding of MERS-CoV, with special reference to the (i) genome structure, (ii) clinical features, (iii) diagnosis of infection and (iv) treatment and vaccine development.
Development of a Regional Lidar-Derived Forest Inventory Model with Bayesian Model Averaging for use in Ponderosa Pine and Mixed Conifer Forests in Arizona and New Mexico, USA
Authors: Tenneson Karis , Patterson Matthew S. , Mellin Thomas , Nigrelli Mark , Joria Peter , Mitchell Brent
Published: February 2018

Historical forest management practices in the southwestern US have left forests prone to high intensity, stand-replacement fires. Effective management to reduce the cost and impact of forest-fire management and allow fires to burn freely without negative impact depends on detailed knowledge of stand composition, in particular, above-ground biomass (AGB). Lidar-based modeling techniques provide opportunities to reduce costs and increase ability of managers to monitor AGB and other forest metrics. Using Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA), we develop a regionally applicable lidar-based statistical model for Ponderosa pine and mixed conifer forest systems of the southwestern USA, using previously collected field data. The selected regional model includes a mid and low canopy height metric, a canopy cover, and height distribution term. It explains 72% of the variability in field estimates of AGB, and the RMSE of the two independent validation data sets are 23.25 and 32.82 Mg/ha. The regional model developed is structured in accordance with previously described models fit to local data, and performs equivalently to models designed for smaller scale application. Developing regional models for broad scale application provides a cost-effective, robust approach for managers to monitor and plan adaptively at the landscape scale.
Psychological Risks of Resettlers in Resettlement Planning: A Study in Moragahakanda Resettlement Project (MRP)
Authors: Ratnayake Rangajeewa , Disanayake Hansani
Published: February 2018

In resettlement planning literature, much has been written on economic, land valuation and compensation, infrastructure and services aspects of the land. Psychological risks and stresses of resettled communities, however, have been under-researched. The current research looks at the psychological risks of resettlers in a Development-Induced Displacement and Resettlement (DIDR) project in Sri Lanka. Focusing on the stages of resettlement planning process discussed by Scudder and Colson four-stage model (1980) and the psychological risks discussed by Cernea’s (1990) impoverishment risks and reconstruction (IRR) model. This study evaluates the significant level of the psychological risks faced by the communities in DIDR projects in Sri Lanka relating to before and after resettlement. Moragahakanda Resettlement Project (MRP) was selected as the case study which is located in Naula DS division of Matale District, Central Province, Sri Lanka. A questionnaire survey, documents and field observations were used to evaluate the current psychological risks. The responses received from multiple choice questions were analyzed by Significant Point (SP) index. The research findings point that there are no conspicuous changes of psychological risks related to before/after resettlement has occurred in re-settlers. The findings highlight that the psychological risk levels in transition stage have remained the same level in the potential development stage. This research provides a systematic guidance enabling the physical planners to prioritize the most significant psychological risks which should be considered in the decision-making process of DIDR projects.
EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT, CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORY PROPERTIES, AND ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIALS OF GLYCOMIS PENTAPHYLLA LEAF EXTRACT RELEVANT TO THE TREATMENT OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
Authors:   Tania, Rahman Rezanur
Published: February 2018

There is a tremendous unmet need to discover more potent and safe drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Reduced cholinergic activity and oxidative stress have been recognized as a major contributing factor in the pathogenesis of AD.
Balanced Scorecard: A Strategy for the Quality Improvement of Islamic Higher Education
Authors: Ilyasin Mukhammad , Zamroni Zamroni
Published: February 2018

The main issue in improving the quality of Islamic Higher Education is to increase the competence and professionalism of teachers and education personnel to achieve its vision and mission in the middle of the complexity of the demands of society and the changing times. so that the quality of education and governance of Islamic Religion clean and transparent with the principles of good governance is achieved as a matter of strategic policy development, the concept of the balanced scorecard as a strategic management system that is implemented by a world-class organization and even as a means of guiding and driving the change management process and the culture of the organization, in this case integrated in educational organization in order to create Islamic institutions of higher education quality. Through the balanced scorecard, which focuses on four perspectives, namely financial perspective, customer perspective, internal business perspective and learning and growth perspective is expected to create a system of organizing the Islamic Higher Education that upholds the values of trust, tafaqquh fi 'l-Din, professional, transparent, accountable and quality. Through balanced scorecard Similarly, Islamic higher education will be more qualified, marketable and globally competitive.
CBS ve Hava Kalitesi Verileri Kullanılarak Marmara Bölgesinin Kış Sezonunda Hava Kalitesinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: DEMİRARSLAN Kazım Onur , Akıncı Halil
Published: February 2018

Türkiye'nin
7 coğrafi bölgesinden biri olan Marmara Bölgesi, Avrupa ve Asya’yı birbirine
bağlayan köprü görevi görmektedir. Bölge, yaklaşık olarak 67 bin km2’lik
bir yüzölçümüne sahiptir. Demografik olarak ele alındığında ise nüfusunun 24
milyon olduğu görülmektedir. Bu yoğunluk, bölgenin Türkiye'nin önemli sanayi,
toptan ve perakende ticaret, uzmanlaşmış tarım ve turizm bölgesi olmasından
kaynaklanmaktadır. İstihdam olanakları nedeniyle bölgede kentleşme oranı artmıştır.
Kentleşme ise beraberinde atık su, katı atık ve hava kirliliği gibi önemli
çevre sorunlarını getirmiştir. Hava kirliliği ise bölgede kendini hissettiren
önemli çevre sorunlarından bir tanesidir. Özellikle yoğun sanayi, trafik ve
yerleşimin olduğu alanlarda hava kirliliği artan oranlarda görülmektedir. Bu
çalışmada, Marmara Bölgesi’nin 2015-2016 yılları kış sezonu (1 Ekim-31 Mart)
hava kalitesi SO2 ve PM10 bakımından incelenmiştir. Çalışma zamanına ait
veriler Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı’na bağlı Hava Kalitesi İzleme
İstasyonları web sitesinden temin edilmiştir. Bu verilerin hava kalitesi
üzerindeki etkileri ve dağılımları, Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) yardımıyla
üretilen dağılım haritalarıyla incelenmiştir. Kirletici verileri
karşılaştırılmış ve bölgede hava kalitesi düşük olan iller belirlenmiştir.
Çalışmada elde edilen kış sezonu ortalamaları 06.06.2008 tarih ve 26898 sayılı
Hava Kalitesi Değerlendirme ve Yönetimi Yönetmeliği'nde bulunan Kış Sezonu
Limit Değerleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara bakıldığında SO2
kirleticisi için en yüksek konsantrasyona sahip ilin 2015 ve 2016 yıllarında
Edirne olduğu belirlenmiştir. PM10 incelendiğinde ise 2015 ve 2016 yıllarında
Bursa’nın en yüksek konsantrasyona sahip il olduğu görülmüştür.
Protective Effects of Nitric Oxide on Photosynthetic Stability and Performance of Silybum marianum under Water Deficit Conditions
Authors: Zangani Esmaeil , Zehtab‐Salmasi Saeid , Andalibi Babak , Zamani Abbas‐Ali
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas

Milk thistle is a medicinal plant cultivating for production of silymarin and oil.

The results our work showed that with the application of SNP photosynthesis, pigments content, and water status were improved in the drought stress condition and as a result significant increases in secondary metabolites production and grain yield was observed.

Overall, this study suggest that application of 100 µM SNP and using Sari ecotype can be recommended for maximizing crop yield under drought stress in semiarid environment.

Milk thistle is a medicinal plant cultivated for production of silymarin and oil. Nitric oxide as an active molecule, plays an important role in plant’s reaction to drought stress. In this study, we investigated the role of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as a nitric oxide donor for tolerance enhancement of drought in two genotypes of milk thistle in a 2‐yr field experiment. With increasing drought severity, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of milk thistle decreased significantly. The exogenous application of SNP significantly compensated for the negative effects of drought on photosynthetic rate by 40%, but also reduced stomatal conductance during 6 d after withholding irrigation. Drought stress significantly decreased pigments content and this affect was compensated by applying SNP in both genotypes. Among yield components, the number of heads per plant showed the highest sensitivity to drought stress followed by seed weight, while all yield components responded significantly to the application of SNP. Withholding irrigation significantly decreased seed yield in both genotypes and years. Averaged over 2 yr, application of 100 µM SNP in Sari ecotype at the stage of stem elongation and anthesis significantly improved seed yield by 38 and 33%, respectively, compared with the non‐application of SNP. However, in the Hungarian cultivar, SNP only led to a significant increase of 29% in seed yield during anthesis stress. Overall, this study suggest that application of SNP at a rate of 100 μM had potential to ameliorate the adverse effect of drought stress on photosynthetic rate and seed yield of milk thistle.
Broadleaf Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays L.) with Sulfonylurea Herbicides Tank‐mixed with 2,4‐D + MCPA
Authors: Sarabi Vahid , Ghanbari Ali , Mohassel Mohammad Hasan Rashed , Mahallati Mehdi Nassiri , Rastgoo Mehdi
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas

Sulfonylurea herbicides mixed with 2,4‐D + MCPA control redroot pigweed effectively.

Foramsulfuron mixed with 2,4‐D + MCPA controlled weeds better than nicosulfuron.

Yield did not decrease in treatments by higher ratios of 2, 4‐D + MCPA.

Yield decreased in sulfonylurea herbicides applied alone.

Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) are two of the world’s worst broadleaf weeds. In this study, the effects of (2‐(N‐((4,6‐dimethoxypyrimidin‐2‐yl)carbamoyl)sulfamoyl)‐4‐formamido‐N,N‐dimethylbenzamide) (foramsulfuron) and (2‐[(4,6‐dimethoxypyrimidin‐2‐yl)carbamoylsulfamoyl]‐N,N‐dimethylpyridine‐3‐carboxamide) (nicosulfuron) applied alone or tank‐mixed with ((2,4‐dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid plus (4‐chloro‐2‐methylphenoxy) acetic acid) (2,4‐D + MCPA) at different ratios on redroot pigweed and common lambsquarters control in corn (Zea mays L.) were examined. Field experiments were conducted in 2011 and 2012 at the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in Mashhad, Iran. These experiments were conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results indicated that foramsulfuron and nicosulfuron (sulfonylurea herbicides) applied in tank‐mix with 2,4‐D + MCPA controlled redroot pigweed and common lambsquarters from 78 to 100%, depending on herbicide doses. Corn grain yield was less when sulfonylurea herbicides were applied alone compared to when they were applied with 2,4‐D + MCPA. Corn grain yield was not different when 2,4‐D + MCPA were tank‐mixed at higher rates with sulfonylurea herbicides compared to the weed‐free check. Tank‐mixtures of foramsulfuron + 2,4‐D + MCPA caused less injury and yield loss than nicosulfuron + 2,4‐D + MCPA.
Soil Phosphorus Bioavailability and Soybean Grain Yield Impaired by Ruzigrass
Authors: Almeida Danilo S. , Rocha Kassiano F. , de Souza Murilo , Delai Lucas B. , Rosolem Ciro A.
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas

There have been suggestions that ruzigrass increases soil P availability.

Ruzigrass was grown in rotation with soybean from 2012 to 2016.

The observed effect was opposite from the expected under long‐term field conditions.

Crop rotation with ruzigrass resulted in a lower soybean grain yield than fallow.

Under no‐till farming systems, the use of crop rotations with species adapted to low P soils may enhance soil P availability through P cycling. Growing ruzigrass [Urochloa ruziziensis (R. Germ. and C.M. Evrard) Morrone and Zuloaga] as a cover crop has shown to increase resin extractable P in soils. However, it is not clear how the next crop responds to ruzigrass in the long term. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long‐term effect of growing ruzigrass on soil P availability to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. The evaluations were performed over 5 yr on a ruzigrass–soybean crop rotation, in Botucatu, Brazil. The treatments were P rates (0, 13, and 26 kg ha−) applied to soybean seed furrows, and ruzigrass or fallow during the off‐season. Soil samples were taken after ruzigrass desiccation, and soil P was extracted with resin (Presin). The use of ruzigrass increased soil organic matter (SOM) by approximately 20% compared with fallow, regardless of P rates, and increased Presin concentration in the 0‐ to 10‐cm soil depth by approximately 10% with 26 kg ha− of P. Surprisingly, grain yield and soybean leaf P concentration were lower after ruzigrass compared with fallow. Resin seemed to be unsuitable to compare P availability in different cropping systems. In the long‐term, growing ruzigrass as a cover crop in the off‐season decreases P and N availability to soybean, eventually decreasing soybean grain yield. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms involved in this unexpected soybean response when cropped in rotation with ruzigrass.
Mechanisms of Loss of Agricultural Odorous Compounds in Sample Bags of Nalophan, Tedlar, and PTFE
Authors: Kasper Pernille Lund , Oxbøl Arne , Hansen Michael Jørgen , Feilberg Anders
Published: February 2018

Alteration of the chemical composition of odor samples during storage in polymer sample bags can significantly impair the accuracy of subsequent odor evaluations. To overcome or minimize this effect, the mechanisms determining compound loss must be more thoroughly understood. The present study examines the storage stability of a selection of key odorants from livestock production in polymer sample bags of Nalophan, Tedlar, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The compounds included are acetic acid, butanoic acid, propanoic acid, 3‐methylbutanoic acid, hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol, dimethyl sulfide, trimethylamine, and 4‐methylphenol. The fate of the unrecovered compound fractions is clarified by means of thermal desorption and concentric double bags, allowing estimation of the magnitude of losses due to adsorption and diffusion, respectively. The degree of recovery was found to be PTFE > Tedlar > Nalophan, and smaller ratios of bag surface area to sample volume improved the recovery significantly. Furthermore, PTFE bags were found far superior for maintaining the original sample humidity and for storing 4‐methylphenol. Analysis of sample humidity, partitioning coefficients, and thermal desorption suggested that the loss in PTFE bags was mainly controlled by adsorption, whereas for Nalophan and Tedlar, compound loss is a combined effect of adsorption and diffusion. It is suggested to heat the bags when evacuating the sample for analysis, as this was found to improve the recovery significantly. For a 5‐L PTFE bag, all odorants could be found at concentration levels between 71.6 and 98.8% even after 48 h of storage when heated to 57°C prior to analysis.

Core Ideas

Loss mechanisms of livestock odorants in sampling bags were investigated by PTR‐MS

Three approved types of sampling bags were studied: Nalophan, Tedlar, and PTFE

Double bags and sequential heating are used to assess diffusion and surface sorption

The best storage is obtained with PTFE bags combined with gentle heating

Loss rates in sampling bags are strongly influenced by compound volatility
Genome‐Wide Association Study of Resistance to Ear Rot byFusarium verticillioidesin a Tropical Field Maize and Popcorn Core Collection
Authors: Coan Marlon M. D. , Senhorinho Henrique J. C. , Pinto Ronald J. B. , Scapim Carlos A. , Tessmann Dauri J. , Williams W. Paul , Warburton Marilyn L.
Published: February 2018

Fusarium ear rot [caused byFusarium verticillioides(Sacc.) Nirenberg] is one of the most prevalent diseases of maize (Zea maysL.) worldwide, and has one of the greatest negative economic impacts on this cereal crop globally. Fusarium ear rot is a highly complex trait, under polygenic control with minor effects per gene and moderate heritability, and is strongly influenced by environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to identify genomic regions, including putative candidate genes, associated with resistance to Fusarium ear rot and the starburst pattern caused byF. verticillioidesunder artificial inoculation. We conducted a genome‐wide association study using phenotypic data from three environments on a panel of 183 inbred lines and a set of 267,525 single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) generated using genotyping by sequencing. Fourteen SNPs were significantly associated with Fusarium ear rot and two for starburst, some of which were colocalized to previously reported quantitative trait loci regions, and some of which were novel. Four genes linked to the associated SNPs encode defense‐related proteins, including gibberellin 2‐oxidase4, a glucosyltransferase, a Ras‐related protein RHN1, and phosphoribosylanthranilate transferase (PAT). Each of these SNPs explains a considerable proportion of the phenotypic variance, ranging from 15 to 25%. Once these SNPs are validated, they will be useful for marker‐assisted selection and for a better understanding of maize resistance to Fusarium ear rots.
SUÇUN YASAL TANIMINDA YER ALAN “HUKUKA AYKIRILIK” İFADESİNİN İCRA ETTİĞİ FONKSİYON
Authors: GÖKTÜRK Neslihan
Published: February 2018

Hukuka aykırılık

tipiklikten bağımsız olarak suçun yapısal bir unsurudur ve tipikliğin icra

ettiği hukuka aykırılık karinesine bağlı olarak suçun yasal tanımında ayrıca

belirtilmesine gerek yoktur. Buna rağmen bazı suç tiplerinde “hukuka aykırılık”

ifadesine yer verildiği görülmektedir. Yine, bazı suç tiplerinde “rızası

olmaksızın” veya “rızasına aykırı olarak” ifadelerine yer verilmek suretiyle 5237

sayılı TCK sisteminde bir hukuka uygunluk nedeni olarak kabul edilen ilgilinin

rızasının yokluğuna işaret edilmektedir. Suç tiplerinin bir kısmında ise

“izinsiz”, “ruhsatsız”, “karar olmaksızın” gibi ifadeler kullanılarak fiilin

yetkili merciler tarafından verilen bir izin veya karar bulunmaksızın icra

edilmiş olması aranmaktadır. Hukuka aykırılık unsuru ve tipik fiilin suç teşkil

eden bir haksızlık olarak ortaya çıkmasını önleyen hukuka uygunluk nedenleri

karşısında suçun yasal tanımında yer alan bu ifadelere ne anlam yükleneceği bir

sorun olarak ortaya çıkmakta ve tartışmalara sebebiyet vermektedir. Suçun maddi

ve manevi unsurları, özellikle hata bakımından yapılacak olan belirleme bu

sorunun çözümüne bağlıdır. İşte bu sorun, çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır.
Prominent features of the Augustan aqueduct in the Naples Bay area
Authors: Lorenz Wayne , Libertini Giacinto , Miccio Bruno , Leone Nino , De Feo Giovanni
Published: February 2018

The great Aqua Augusta served the Naples Bay area with fresh water during the time of the Roman Empire. There are very prominent features of the Aqua Augusta, some that are extraordinary when considering other great aqueducts in the Roman Empire. For example, the deep tunnels allowed access to a spring water source from a separate watershed, which resulted in transbasin diversion of the water supply. Each one of the prominent features was engineered to provide water to the public for various uses. The prominent structures included other shallower tunnels (with two major types of construction), hydraulic chutes, arcades (one to an island), baths (located along a well-traveled road), and storage reservoirs. Also, there is the epigraph discovered at the water source. Important villas that may have influenced the alignment of the aqueduct are also discussed.
Influence of connection stub parameters and valve closure time on transient measurement accuracy of a pressure transducer
Authors: Liu Zhiyong , Simpson Angus R.
Published: February 2018

Consider that a transient pressure measurement occurs at the end of the connection stub attached to a pipeline. The question arises as to whether the pressure being recorded at the end of the stub is an accurate representation of pressure in the pipeline. In this study, the influence of three parameters, including pressure transducer connection stub length, stub diameter and valve closure time, on the measurement accuracy of transient pressure is investigated through numerical simulation on a reservoir-pipe-valve-reservoir system. The results show that the larger the diameter of stub, the larger its influence both on the transient in the pipe and on measurement error; the measurement accuracy increases with an increase of the length of the stub only when the closure time of the end valve is less than the time for the water hammer wave to travel back and forth between the measurement point and the end point of stub. In contrast, when the closure time of the end valve is greater than the water hammer wave return time, the measurement accuracy will decrease with an increase of the stub length; the measurement accuracy is improved as the closure time of the end valve increases. As a result, in practice, diameter and length of connection stub for the pressure-transducer should both be selected to be as small as possible.
Assessing the impact of sea level rise due to climate change on seawater intrusion in Mekong Delta, Vietnam
Authors: Vu D. T. , Yamada T. , Ishidaira H.
Published: February 2018

In the context of climate change, salinity intrusion into rivers has been, and will be, one of the most important issues for coastal water resources management. A combination of changes, including increased temperature, change in regional rainfall, especially sea level rise (SLR) related to climate change, will have significant impacts on this phenomenon. This paper presents the outcomes of a study conducted in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam (MKD) for evaluating the effect of sea water intrusion under a new SLR scenario. Salinity intrusion was simulated by one-dimensional (1D) modeling. The relative sea level projection was constructed corresponding to the RCP 6.0 emission scenario for MKD based on the statistical downscaling method. The sea level in 2050 is projected to increase from 25 cm to 30 cm compared to the baseline period (in 2000). Furthermore, the simulated results suggested that salinity greater than 4 g/l, which affects rice yield, will intrude up to 50–60 km into the river. Approximately 30,000 ha of agricultural area will be affected if the sea level rise is 30 cm.
An Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome Tool for the FACT-B (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast) Questionnaire for Measuring the Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Breast Cancer: Reliability Study (Preprint)
Authors: Matthies Lina Maria , Taran Florin-Andrei , Keilmann Lucia , Schneeweiss Andreas , Simoes Elisabeth , Hartkopf Andreas D , Sokolov Alexander N , Walter Christina B , Sickenberger Nina , Wallwiener Stephanie , Feisst Manuel , Gass Paul , Lux Michael P , Schuetz Florian , Fasching Peter A , Sohn Christof , Brucker Sara Y , Graf Joachim , Wallwiener Markus
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND

The most frequent malignant disease in women is breast cancer. In the metastatic setting, quality of life is the primary therapeutic goal, and systematic treatment has only a limited effect on survival rates; therefore, the concept of the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and measurement of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are gaining more and more importance in the therapy setting of diseases such as breast cancer. One of the frequently used questionnaires for measuring the HRQoL in patients with breast cancer is the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B). Currently, paper-based surveys still predominate, as only a few reliable and validated electronic-based questionnaires are available. ePRO tools for the FACT-B questionnaire with proven reliability are missing so far.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to analyze the reliability of tablet-based measurement of FACT-B in the German language in adjuvant (curative) and metastatic breast cancer patients.

METHODS

Paper- and tablet-based questionnaires were completed by a total of 106 female adjuvant and metastatic breast cancer patients. All patients were required to complete the electronically based (ePRO) and paper-based version of the FACT-B. A frequency analysis was performed to determine descriptive sociodemographic characteristics. Both dimensions of reliability (parallel forms reliability using Wilcoxon test and test of internal consistency using Spearman ρ) and agreement rates for single items, Kendall tau for each subscale, and total score were analyzed.

RESULTS

High correlations were shown for both dimensions of reliability (parallel forms reliability and internal consistency) in the patients’ response behavior between paper-based and electronically based questionnaires. Regarding the reliability test of parallel forms, no significant differences were found in 35 of 37 single items, while significant correlations in the test for consistency were found in all 37 single items, in all 5 sum individual item subscale scores, as well as in total FACT-B score.

CONCLUSIONS

The ePRO version of the FACT-B questionnaire is reliable for patients with breast cancer in both adjuvant and metastatic settings, showing highly significant correlations with the paper-based version in almost all questions all subscales and the total score.
State Power and the Enforcement of Prohibition
Authors: Paley Dawn
Published: February 2018

This article positions the prohibition of psychoactive substances as a material means of strengthening States and State power. We argue that the militarized enforcement of prohibition has known outcomes beyond the control of substances, including the creation of cash economies that, firstly, support the smooth flowing of modern global capitalism, and secondly, finance US allied (reactionary) armed groups internationally. Various national contexts are considered, with a special focus on how these trends are developing in the ongoing “war on drugs” in Mexico.