bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Navigating Digital Transformation: Agile Leadership and Strategic Flexibility in Mid-Sized Manufacturing Firms
Authors: Stoiko Mark R
Published: July 2024

This study explores the strategies employed by mid-sized manufacturing firms to leverage digital technologies and harness the vast amounts of data associated with them. It examines the impact of digital transformation on various aspects of firms' operations, including product development, manufacturing processes, product sophistication, and value chain integration. Through an analysis of typical stages in the digital transformation journey, the research aims to assess the significance of agile leadership and strategic flexibility in facilitating this transformation. Findings indicate that agile leadership plays a pivotal role in driving successful digital transformation initiatives. Additionally, strategic flexibility, fostered through workforce transformation and dynamic capability, emerges as a crucial factor in enabling digital transformation. The study highlights the importance of swift leadership responses and adaptable strategies in ensuring the success of digital transformation endeavours.
Furthermore, the study reveals a distinction between mature and less mature digital businesses in their approach to technology integration. Mature digital businesses prioritize the seamless integration of digital technologies, such as social, mobile, analytics, and cloud, to transform their operational frameworks. Conversely, less mature digital businesses tend to focus on addressing isolated business challenges through individual digital technologies.
El saber sensible de las mujeres indígenas Gente de Centro
Authors: José María
Published: July 2024

Este libro recopila algunas historias, conversaciones y cuentos de la enseñanza de sus vivencias y los relatos aprendidos de sus mayores de las mujeres indígenas Gente de Centro que viven en Araracuara, Caquetá, compartidos con sentimientos, reflexión y vida interior a sus hijas y nietas. Aprendemos de las abuelas, de sus prácticas cotidianas en torno al cuidado de la chagra, de la naturaleza y del cuidado de la familia, la fortaleza y la capacidad que tenemos como mujeres de dar vida, nutrir y soportar las comunidades de lo viviente, como del amor y el respeto a la Tierra, en el equilibrio y el respeto a la Tierra, en el equilibrio y la armonía.
Teoría de la información con ejercicios de aplicación
Authors: Castang Gerardo
Published: July 2024

Teoría de la información con ejercicios de aplicación busca dar a conocer de manera clara y sencilla estrategias de aplicación de los conceptos de la teoría de la información mediante el desarrollo de explicaciones y ejercicios prácticos que faciliten su comprensión. La teoría de la información se basa en las nociones matemáticas y probabilísticas que permiten modelar sistemas de comunicaciones; y pretende lograr una comunicación eficiente y confiable en la transmisión de la información. Para lograr este propósito, debe tenerse en cuenta las variables que influyen en el proceso de transmisión y comunicación desde la fuente al destino, a través del medio de comunicación, generalmente, un canal afectado por el ruido.En el libro, la temática y los ejercicios propuestos se desarrollan desde la perspectiva clásica. Se dirige a estudiantes con conocimientos en sistemas de comunicaciones digitales y programación desde la perspectiva de desarrollo de ejercicios teóricos, sumados al desarrollo de casos de aplicación con el lenguaje de programación Python.
Effectiveness Of Vedic Mathematics Method On The Attitude Towards Learningn Mathematics
Authors: Charde Nilima S.
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT: This study explore an effectiveness of Vedic Mathematics technique in teaching mathematics among class VIII students at Nagpur city of Maharashtra. So many students are facing mathematical problems. Vedic Mathematic technique offers a potential alternative to traditional mathematics methods. Every person’s attitude is different from one another. This study focuses on the effectiveness of Vedic Mathematics on attitude towards learning mathematics among VIII std. students of Nagpur District. 50 number of students as a sample of VIII std. has involved in the study. Twenty-five students of samples were selected from state board school of Nagpur District and twenty-five students of samples were selected from CBSC School of Nagpur District. These selected samples were divided as an experimental and controlled group. Traditional method was used for control group and Vedic mathematics method was used for experimental group. For the study Pre-test and Post-test non-equivalent group design was applied. A content of Mathematics’ subject was selected base on the NCERT text book of Maharashtra State and it was administered among VIII std students. An attitude towards mathematics test was constructed by researcher. First of all, pre-test was conducted on both group then post-test was conducted on both group, data was analyzed and interpreted for research. The results shows that Vedic Mathematics method applied for the experimental group is effective for enhancing the attitude towards learning mathematics of VIII std. students of selected both schools. KEYWORDS: Vedic Mathematics method, learning mathematics, attitude, VIII std. students
DESAFIOS NUTRICIONAIS EM CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES COM TEA: ESTRATÉGIAS E SOLUÇÕES
Authors: Bessa Francisco
Published: July 2024

O transtorno do espectro autista apresenta desafios alimentares em larga escala, sobretudo quanto à seletividade alimentar, impactando o desenvolvimento infantojuvenil. Justificou-se, de modo primário, a seleção temática através da demanda por maiores investigações teóricas direcionadas para a ótica da nutrição contemporânea. Objetivou-se, portanto, compreender as práticas apropriadas de alimentação saudável aplicadas nos desafios da alimentação para crianças e adolescentes com transtorno do espectro autista. No panorama metodológico, aplicou-se uma revisão bibliográfica documental, exploratória e descritiva em conjunto com uma pesquisa qualitativa e observacional. Diante destes pontos, averiguou-se que a abordagem individualizada dessas dificuldades se torna essencial para superar os obstáculos e promover uma alimentação saudável, corroborando para o bem-estar físico, emocional e social dos adolescentes e crianças com transtorno do espectro autista.
USO DE TECNOLOGIAS DA INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO (TDICs) POR PROFESSORES DE BIOLOGIA DO ENSINO MÉDIO (ANTES) DURANTE E APÓS A PANDEMIA DA COVID-19
Authors: Costa de Mascena Roberta , Noemia Torres de Melo Carvalho Liliane
Published: July 2024

TDIC's is the abbreviation of the term Digital Information and Communication Technology. It refers to a set of integrated technological resources that provide the automation and communication of processes. TDIC's are already part of people's lives, whether in the professional or personal environment. The benefits brought by TDIC's in education are numerous, among them we can highlight the organization of the bureaucratic, financial and administrative part of schools, as well as the pedagogical part. The use of new information and communication technologies has enabled a new scenario for classrooms, causing significant impacts on teaching and learning, especially during the pandemic. This study was based on an integrative review to assess whether high school Biology teachers use TDIC'S in their classes. The entire review came from a search carried out in the Google Scholar and Scielo database, from 2019 to 2023. Student. Taking into account the inclusion and exclusion criteria adopted in this study, 11 articles were selected and analyzed. In the period of isolation during Covid-19, the use of TDICs was increasingly used in the school environment, as an alternative to promote teaching and student interaction. As for the difficulties faced by teachers with the use of TDIC's, it was found that many schools do not prepare their professionals to deal with technologies. Research has pointed out the difficulties of teachers in preparing and teaching classes remotely and the lack of ongoing or prior training on the subject. Regarding the students, the greatest difficulty was in relation to accessing a quality internet, a cell phone or a computer at home. Not all students had access to remote teaching due to economic factors, something that hindered and compromised the teaching of Biology in some public schools. With the isolation, it could be seen that the teacher-student interaction is a fundamental part of the teaching-learning process. Regarding the return to face-to-face classes, there are not many articles published about the use of DICTs by teachers. A broader study on the topic under study is necessary, although it is very relevant for dynamic and innovative teaching. More continuing training is needed with teachers, so that they can work with TDIC's. In addition, schools need to offer the necessary resources for the use of online classes and that students have free access to the internet both at school and at home. In this sense, it is necessary to rethink priorities in relation to investments in education by the public authorities, creating funds that guarantee quality education through the use of DICTs.
Model Pendidikan Seni Baca Al-Qur’an Di Pondok Pesantren Bahrul Qur’an
Authors: Umayah  , Junanah  , Andi Musthafa Husain
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini membahas model pendidikan seni baca Al-Qur'an di Pondok Pesantren Bahrul Qur'an. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan model pendidikan seni baca Al-Qur'an yang diterapkan di pondok pesantren dan hasil yang diperoleh melalui model pendidikan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan melibatkan informan dari pondok pesantren. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan observasi, dan dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pendidikan seni baca Al-Qur'an di Pondok Pesantren Bahrul Qur'an efektif dalam membantu siswa menguasai seni baca Al-Qur'an. Model ini menggabungkan pendekatan tradisional dan modern, dengan fokus pada latihan membaca, pemahaman tajwid, dan peran penting guru dalam membimbing siswa. Hasilnya, banyak siswa dan alumni yang telah meraih prestasi tingkat nasional dalam kompetisi membaca Al-Qur'an. Kesimpulannya, model pendidikan seni baca Al-Qur'an di Pondok Pesantren Bahrul Qur'an berhasil mencetak pembaca Al-Qur'an yang terampil dan berprestasi.
Hukum Dasar Islam Tentang Kepemimpinan Perempuan
Authors: Ucik Hidayah Binsa  , Ariq Nurjannah Irbah  , Afifah Puri Rahmawati
Published: July 2024

Dengan perkembangan zaman yang pesat ini, banyak kaum perempuan mengalami kesenjangan dalam pengambilan keputusan baik dari ranah publik maupun dalam suatu organisasi. Selain itu kaum perempuan sering dianggap lemah dan tidak bisa melakukan pekerjaan seperti halnya kaum pria. Ketidakadilan inilah yang membuat tokoh-tokoh perempuan berjuang mati-matian untuk memperjuangkan kesetaraan harkat perempuan dengan laki-laki, serta kebebasan untuk memilih dan mengelola kehidupannya, terutama dalam hal pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui segala sesuatu mengenai kepemimpinan emansipasi wanita baik dalam perspektif islam maupun dalam bernegara. Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Pemilihan informasi menggunakan cara snowball sanpling (bola salju). Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara mengumpulkan beberapa sumber dari artikel dan buku yang membahas tentang kepemimpinan emansipasi wanita. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa wanita berhak untuk menjadi leader pada suatu kelompok atau organisasi baik dalam islam maupun bernegara. Perempuan sebagai pemimpin memiliki hak yang sama dengan laki- laki. Perempuan sudah tidak dianggap lemah akan tetapi mempunyai pondasi yang penting dalam kehidupan keluarga, organisasi, maupun di lingkungan masyarakat. Setiap pemimpin memiliki gaya kepemimpinan yang khas yang ditentukan oleh kepribadian pengalaman dan kondisiinstasi yang dipimpinya
Relevansi Teori Behaviorisme Menurut Edward Lee Thorndike Dan J.B Watson Terhadap Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Azizah Miftakhul Nuuril
Published: July 2024

Learning theory is a coherent set of general principles and explanations of a number of computations and innovations associated with using learning events. Behaviorism learning theory can be used to help the learning process. However, it is known that many experiments in behaviorism theory are carried out using animals, which raises the question whether behaviorism learning theory is in line with Islamic teachings and can be used in Islamic education. This research is a library research which is analyzed by using content analysis technique. The results of this study are found to be relevant between behaviorism learning theory and Islamic education, as follows: (1) Behaviorism learning theory can be used to help the learning process of Islamic education (2) Behaviorism learning theory is a learning theory that is in line with Islamic teachings. (3) The existence of classical conditioning, repetition and reinforcement in behaviorsime theory which is also used in Islamic education learning (4) Behaviorism learning theory according to Edward Lee Thorndike contains four laws, namely: law of radiness (law of readiness), law of exercise (law of practice), law of effect (law of practice), and law of attitude (law of attitude), which are in line/related to the learning process of Islamic education.
Pemikiran Fazlur Rahman Tentang Integrasi Pendidikan Agama Islam Dan Sains Dan Relevansinya Di Era 5.0
Authors: Luthfiyah  , Ulvi Na’imah Farida
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pemikiran Fazlur Rahman tentang integrasi Pendidikan Agama Islam dan sains serta relevansinya dalam era Society 5.0. Tujuan utama adalah untuk memahami konsep-konsep yang diusulkan oleh Fazlur Rahman dalam mengatasi dikotomi antara ilmu agama dan ilmu sains, serta bagaimana konsep ini dapat menginformasikan praktik pendidikan dalam konteks era digital dan teknologi yang semakin maju. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis dokumen. Sumber data utama adalah karya tulis, artikel, dan buku yang dihasilkan oleh Fazlur Rahman, serta literatur yang relevan dengan isu integrasi pendidikan dalam Islam dan sains. Data dianalisis melalui analisis teks untuk mengidentifikasi konsep, tema, dan gagasan yang muncul dalam pemikiran Fazlur Rahman. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa Fazlur Rahman menekankan pentingnya integrasi antara Pendidikan Agama Islam dan sains sebagai langkah menuju pemahaman yang lebih komprehensif tentang realitas. Konsep integrasi ini relevan dalam era Society 5.0, di mana teknologi dan ilmu pengetahuan memiliki peran sentral. Integrasi Pendidikan Agama Islam dan sains dapat membantu mengatasi dikotomi dan mempromosikan pemahaman yang holistik tentang dunia. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan tentang bagaimana pemikiran Fazlur Rahman dapat memberikan panduan dalam mengembangkan pendidikan yang relevan dan inklusif di era teknologi dan informasi.
Meta Analisis Penerapan Model Cooperative Learning Tipe Stad Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Sefila  , Rahmat Kamal
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kembali penerapan model cooperative learning tipe STAD dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa sekolah dasar. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berupa metode meta analisis, deskriptif, kuantitatif, serta kualitatif yang didasarkan atas kajian kepustakaan (library research). Penelitian diawali dengan mengumpulkan data mengenai model cooperative learning tipe STAD dan bagaimana keefektifan model cooperative learning tipe STAD terhadap peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik kemudian dilanjutkan dengan menganalisis data yang telah diperoleh berdasarkan pemikiran penulis dan diakhiri dengan menyimpulkan hasil analisis. Pengumpulan data-data penelitiannya dilakukan dengan cara menelusuri jurnal atau artikel ilmiah melalui penelusuran google cendekia atau google scholar dengan kata kunci “Analisis penerapan model cooperative learning tipe STAD terhadap hasil belajar siswa sekolah dasar”, sehingga didapati 15 artikel ilmiah yang sesuai dengan penelitian. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa metode pembanding. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa setiap penerapan model cooperative learning tipe Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) efektif untuk digunakan dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa sekolah dasar mulai dari peningkatan terendah yaitu 5,13% hingga yang tertinggi yaitu mencapai 84,05% dengan rata-rata peningkatan sebesar 31,93%.
Implementasi Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Karakter Dalam Al-Qur'an Surah Al- Luqman Ayat 12-19
Authors: Mualimin Rofik
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini difokuskan pada bagaimana rumusan nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter dalam Alquran Surah Luqman ayat 12-19 dan bagaimana implementasi nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter dalam Alquran Surah Luqman ayat 12-19. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pustaka. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara membaca, menelaah, mendeskripsikan, dan menganalisa buku-buku teks baik yang bersifat teoritis maupun empiris. Sumber data penelitian berasal dari berbagai literatur yang berkaitan dengan tema penelitian. Peneliti menggunakan metode maudhu’i dengan cara menafsirkan ayat Alquran melalui penetapan topik tertentu dengan menghimpun seluruh atau sebagian ayat dari berbagai surah yang membahas topik tersebut. Analisa data dilakukan dengan cara memilih data yang diperoleh dan selanjutnya dikumpulkan untuk dianalisis dan diambil kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter dalam Alquran Surah Luqman ayat 12-19 secara garis besar mengandung tiga nilai pendidikan: 1) pendidikan akidah meliputi larangan berbuat syirik, dan meyakini adanya tempat Kembali; 2) pendidikan syariah meliputi perintah melaksanakan dan perintah untuk melakukan amar makruf dan nahi munkar, serta perintah sabar dan tabah; 3) pendidikan akhlak meliputi perintah berbakti kepada orang tua, perintah bersyukur, jujur, ramah, rendah hati, dan larangan berhura-hura di jalan tidak juga berteriak-teriak. Implementasi nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter dalam Alquran Surah Luqman ayat 12-19 terdapat pada diri Luqman al-Hakim ketika memberi nasehat dengan gaya penyampaian yang halus, bijaksana, dan penuh kasih-sayang. Dalam memberikan pendidikan kepada putranya, Luqman menggunakan enam metode, yaitu 1) nasehat [mauizah], 2) penghargaan dan sanksi [targib wa tarhib], 3) dialog [hiwar], 4) keteladanan, 5) pembiasaan, dan 6) perumpamaan [amtsal].
Akreditasi Sekolah Atau Madrasah Dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Suharsono  , Purwaningsih Fajar , Sirojuddin Wildan
Published: July 2024

School accreditation is an effort to guarantee school quality and an effort to achieve the expected quality of education and the results are realized in the form of recognition and suitability rankings issued by the National School/Madrasah Accreditation Board. This research aims to determine and describe the implementation of school accreditation in improving the quality of education in Islamic Education Institutions by using school accreditation mechanisms and accreditation components. This research method uses library research methods which are related to library data collection methods. The data collection technique in this research uses documentation and the data analysis technique for this research uses critical analysis, where this analysis is critical in nature, generally based on views or values. certain things that the researcher believes are related to the problem of improving the quality of education through documents related to the problem that the researcher is studying. The results of this research are that accreditation is an effort to improve the quality of education in educational units. One of the objectives of implementing accreditation is to map the quality of education based on the National Education Standards (SNP) which consists of 8 SNPs so that there is unity and equality of education throughout the territory of the Republic of Indonesia. By implementing the accreditation concept, education quality mapping and education quality improvement plans can be carried out.
Estágio e Iniciação à Docência em Licenciatura em Matemática: dos documentos prescritos à realidade imposta
Authors: Santos Mayara de Miranda , Santana Flávia Cristina de Macêdo , Amorim Marta Élid
Published: July 2024

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a recontextualização de textos das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para os Projetos Pedagógicos dos Cursos (PPC) de Licenciatura em Matemática que realizaram as modificações propostas pela Resolução CNE/CP 02/2015, tomando como foco os textos prescritos a respeito do estágio, suas possíveis articulações com os programas de iniciação à docência e as demandas impostas pela realidade das escolas de Educação Básica. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, operacionalizada por meio da análise documental. Para analisar os dados, usou-se o modelo metodológico da linguagem de descrição de Basil Bernstein. Os resultados apontam que houve recontextualização da resolução para os projetos dos cursos, tendo em vista o deslocamento e a realocação de textos nos PPC.  Isso significa que os PPC de Licenciatura em Matemática se constituem num potencial espaço de mudança, oportunizando debates que considerem as demandas impostas à Educação Básica, bem como as possíveis articulações colaborativas entre o estágio e os programas de iniciação à docência.
Assessment of Role of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus in Abortion in Cattle and Small Ruminants in Türkiye
Authors: ŞEVİK Murat
Published: July 2024

Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) is a vector-borne viral disease of ruminants that
can cause significant economic losses due to reduced production and trade
restrictions. Furthermore, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) can cause
abortion. However, role of EHDV in abortion in cattle and small ruminants remains
uncertain. Therefore, this research aimed to assess the frequency of EHDV in aborted
foetuses. In this research, a total of 2029 aborted foetuses (from 553 cattle, 1388
sheep, and 88 goats) were collected from different herds and flocks in the Aegean,
Mediterranean and Central Anatolian regions of Türkiye during the period of 2012
and 2017. A real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
assay was used to detect EHDV specific RNA in aborted foetuses. EHDV specific
RNA was not detected within aborted foetuses. The results of the study suggest that
EHDV does not play a role in abortion in cattle and small ruminants in the studied
regions of Türkiye. Further research is needed to determine the role of EHDV in
abortion in domestic ruminants.
Le financement des prestations pour les personnes en situation de handicap en Argentine : quelles possibilités de continuité ?
Authors: Suarez Enrique Luis
Published: July 2024

Cet article vise à montrer que, en Argentine, l’importance des réglementations actuelles et leur mise en oeuvre, ainsi que la jouissance effective des droits qu’elles prévoient, devraient permettre une prise en charge et un traitement optimal des personnes handicapées. Malheureusement, les mécanismes de financement qui devraient soutenir le diagnostic et le traitement des personnes en situation de handicap font face à de graves problèmes financiers dus à la situation économique qui touche le système public, la sécurité sociale et les organismes d’assurance médicale prépayée. Ces problèmes viennent contrecarrer les objectifs visant le bien-être des personnes handicapées, ce qui rend impératif de concevoir et de mettre en oeuvre des politiques publiques pour remédier à cette situation.
Le défi de l’inclusion à l’université
Authors: Bodin Franck , Laidebeur Marie-Lavande
Published: July 2024

L’enseignement supérieur constitue une étape décisive d’autonomisation et de réalisation de l’inclusion. Les enquêtes menées depuis 2016 sur notre campus, doublées du constat d’une exploration faible du terrain de l’accessibilité universitaire, ont stimulé l’émergence du projet Gulivers Campus. Comment faire de l’université un modèle d’inclusion, un stimulateur de l’action, un exemple de démocratie spatiale ? L’Université de Lille a été le coeur d’un réseau d’acteurs soucieux de concevoir une recherche inclusive basée sur de nouvelles méthodes d’investigations qualitatives. Les travaux sur le campus Cité scientifique ont contribué à l’invention de solutions qui conjuguent innovations sociales et innovations technologiques. Issu de de cette recherche, l’outil numérique Uptimizy permet une évaluation globale et une visualisation des ruptures. Il a été construit à partir des normes et des critères d’usages. Il permet de datavisualiser les niveaux d’accessibilité des voiries, des bâtiments, des équipements. L’étude a été révélatrice de l’interdépendance des domaines d’action. Au-delà des aménagements et des contraintes légales, la réalisation d’un campus inclusif se heurte à des obstacles fonctionnels spécifiques à chaque territoire. La mise en oeuvre de l’inclusion nécessite de nouveaux outils transversaux. Un SCOT-U (Schéma de Cohérence Territoriale Universitaire) est expérimenté avec une perspective de diffusion sur d’autres universités.
First record of a mosasaurid (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Ecuador
Authors: Garzon Domenica N. , Arellano Paul , Toro-Álava Jorge , Román-Carrión José Luis , E. Ordoñez Julián , Andrade Pamela , Mendoza-Ochoa Carlos , Ayala Paula , Oleas Mateo , Vizcaino Anthony , Jiménez-Orellana Nelson Mesías
Published: July 2024

We report the first Upper Cretaceous marine reptile fossil in Ecuador, identified as an incomplete right maxilla from the Mosasauridae family. The remains were unearthed from marine marlstones and limestones within a karstic cave in the Tamia Yura indigenous community, situated northeast of Tena in the central Subandean Zone of the Ecuadorian Amazon. Morphological analysis reveals seven preserved teeth conical in shape. Stratigraphic analysis suggests the remains belong to the Middle Napo Fm, Oriente basin, indicating a presence from the Turonian to the end of the Coniacian. This discovery offers new insights into the study of Cretaceous marine reptiles in South America.
Using synchronized brain rhythms to bias memory-guided decisions
Authors: Stout John J , George Allison E , Kim Suhyeong , Hallock Henry L , Griffin Amy L
Published: July 2024

Functional interactions between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, as revealed by strong oscillatory synchronization in the theta (6–11 Hz) frequency range, correlate with memory-guided decision-making. However, the degree to which this form of long-range synchronization influences memory-guided choice remains unclear. We developed a brain-machine interface that initiated task trials based on the magnitude of prefrontal-hippocampal theta synchronization, then measured choice outcomes. Trials initiated based on strong prefrontal-hippocampal theta synchrony were more likely to be correct compared to control trials on both working memory-dependent and -independent tasks. Prefrontal-thalamic neural interactions increased with prefrontal-hippocampal synchrony and optogenetic activation of the ventral midline thalamus primarily entrained prefrontal theta rhythms, but dynamically modulated synchrony. Together, our results show that prefrontal-hippocampal theta synchronization leads to a higher probability of a correct choice and strengthens prefrontal-thalamic dialogue. Our findings reveal new insights into the neural circuit dynamics underlying memory-guided choices and highlight a promising technique to potentiate cognitive processes or behavior via brain-machine interfacing.
Neural activity ramps in frontal cortex signal extended motivation during learning
Authors: Regalado Josue M , Corredera Asensio Ariadna , Haunold Theresa , Toader Andrew C , Li Yan Ran , Neal Lauren A , Rajasethupathy Priyamvada
Published: July 2024

Learning requires the ability to link actions to outcomes. How motivation facilitates learning is not well understood. We designed a behavioral task in which mice self-initiate trials to learn cue-reward contingencies and found that the anterior cingulate region of the prefrontal cortex (ACC) contains motivation-related signals to maximize rewards. In particular, we found that ACC neural activity was consistently tied to trial initiations where mice seek to leave unrewarded cues to reach reward-associated cues. Notably, this neural signal persisted over consecutive unrewarded cues until reward-associated cues were reached, and was required for learning. To determine how ACC inherits this motivational signal we performed projection-specific photometry recordings from several inputs to ACC during learning. In doing so, we identified a ramp in bulk neural activity in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)-to-ACC projections as mice received unrewarded cues, which continued ramping across consecutive unrewarded cues, and finally peaked upon reaching a reward-associated cue, thus maintaining an extended motivational state. Cellular resolution imaging of OFC confirmed these neural correlates of motivation, and further delineated separate ensembles of neurons that sequentially tiled the ramp. Together, these results identify a mechanism by which OFC maps out task structure to convey an extended motivational state to ACC to facilitate goal-directed learning.
Probing PAC1 receptor activation across species with an engineered sensor
Authors: Cola Reto B , Niethammer Salome N , Rajamannar Preethi , Gresch Andrea , Bhat Musadiq A , Assoumou Kevin , Williams Elyse , Hauck Patrick , Hartrampf Nina , Benke Dietmar , Stoeber Miriam , Levkowitz Gil , Melzer Sarah , Patriarchi Tommaso
Published: July 2024

Class-B1 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are an important family of clinically relevant drug targets that remain difficult to investigate via high-throughput screening and in animal models. Here, we engineered PAClight1
P78A
, a novel genetically-encoded sensor based on a class-B1 GPCR (the human PAC1 receptor, hmPAC1R) endowed with high dynamic range (ΔF/F
0
= 1100%), excellent ligand selectivity and rapid activation kinetics (τ
ON
= 1.15 sec). To showcase the utility of this tool for in vitro applications, we thoroughly characterized and compared its expression, brightness and performance between PAClight1
P78A
transfected and stably-expressing cells. Demonstrating its use in animal models, we show robust expression and fluorescence responses upon exogenous ligand application ex vivo and in vivo in mice, as well as in living zebrafish larvae. Thus, the new GPCR-based sensor can be used for a wide range of applications across the life sciences empowering both basic research and drug development efforts.
Food-washing monkeys recognize the law of diminishing returns
Authors: Rosien Jessica E , Fannin Luke D , Yeakel Justin D , Malaivijitnond Suchinda , Dominy Nathaniel J , Tan Amanda
Published: July 2024

Few animals have the cognitive faculties or prehensile abilities needed to eliminate tooth-damaging grit from food surfaces. Some populations of monkeys wash sand from foods when standing water is readily accessible, but this propensity varies within groups for reasons unknown. Spontaneous food-washing emerged recently in a group of long-tailed macaques (
Macaca fascicularis
) inhabiting Koram Island, Thailand, and it motivated us to explore the factors that drive individual variability. We measured the mineral and physical properties of contaminant sands and conducted a field experiment, eliciting 1,282 food-handling bouts by 42 monkeys. Our results verify two long-standing presumptions, that monkeys have a strong aversion to sand and that removing it is intentional. Reinforcing this result, we found that monkeys clean foods beyond the point of diminishing returns, a suboptimal behavior that varied with social rank. Dominant monkeys abstained from washing, a choice consistent with the impulses of dominant monkeys elsewhere: to prioritize rapid food intake and greater reproductive fitness over the long-term benefits of prolonging tooth function.
Co-administration of either curcumin or resveratrol with cisplatin treatment decreases hepatotoxicity in rats via anti-inflammatory and oxidative stress-apoptotic pathways
Authors: Ramadan Osama I. , S. Ali Lashin , M. Abd-Allah Fatma , E. A. Ereba Rafik , S. Humeda Humeda , A. Damanhory Ahmed , E. Moustafa Ahmed , M. Younes Amr , M. Y. Awad Moaaz , A. A. Omar Nassar
Published: July 2024

Background

Cisplatin (CIS) is a broad-spectrum anticancer drug, with cytotoxic effects on either malignant or normal cells. We aimed to evaluate the hepatotoxicity in rats caused by CIS and its amelioration by the co-administration of either curcumin or resveratrol.

Materials and Methods

Forty adult male rats divided into four equal groups: (control group): rats were given a saline solution (0.9%) once intraperitoneally, daily for the next 28 days; (cisplatin group): rats were given a daily oral dose of saline solution (0.9%) for 28 days after receiving a single dose of cisplatin (3.3 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for three successive days; (CIS plus curcumin/resveratrol groups): rats received the same previous dose of cisplatin (3.3 mg/kg) daily for three successive days followed by oral administration of either curcumin/resveratrol solution at a dose of (20 mg/kg) or (10 mg/kg) consequently daily for 28 days. Different laboratory tests (ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin, oxidative stress markers) and light microscopic investigations were done.

Results

Administration of CIS resulted in hepatotoxicity in the form of increased liver enzymes, oxidative stress markers; degenerative and apoptotic changes, the co-administration of CIS with either curcumin or resveratrol improved hepatotoxicity through improved microscopic structural changes, reduction in liver enzymes activity, decreased oxidative stress markers, improved degenerative, and apoptotic changes in liver tissues.

Conclusion

Co-administration of either curcumin or resveratrol with cisplatin treatment could ameliorate hepatotoxicity caused by cisplatin in rats via anti-inflammatory and oxidative stress-apoptotic pathways.
La intención del entierro. Análisis de obras con espacios enterrados
Authors:   , Navarro Aránguiz Ignacio Alonso
Published: July 2024

La Ani House es una vivienda unifamiliar diseñada por Atelier Bow-Wow en 1998. Dicha vivienda posee su dormitorio principal en el subsuelo, un lugar considerado usualmente como menos apropiado para la vida cotidiana. Esta operación, sin embargo, en la producción inicial de viviendas de Atelier Bow-Wow es recurrente, como lo es con la Mini House, la Gae House, Juicy House, la House Tower, entre otras. ¿Por qué el dormitorio principal está enterrado en la Ani House? La intención del entierro pretende utilizar esta pregunta, en principio sencilla, como catalizadora de un ejercicio de traducción y de producción de series, Así, la incapacidad de acceder en último término a las intenciones de los proyectistas se convierte en una oportunidad para echar a andar la imaginación proyectual. Así, la tesis explora diez posibles razones de la decisión de enterrar el dormitorio en la Ani House que en su entrecruzamiento, utilizando la técnica on/off desarrollada por el atelier de Made in Tokyo (2001), producen una serie de treinta variaciones proyectuales.
Unlocking the Enigma of Cotard’s Syndrome: A Narrative Review of its Clinical Manifestations and Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Saxena Mudit , Sapkale Bhagyesh , Varma Sushil , Gedam Sachin R
Published: July 2024

This narrative review explores Cotard’s Syndrome (CS), a rare psychiatric condition characterised by delusions of death or nonexistence, originally described by Jules Cotard in 1880. The syndrome presents a complex clinical picture, encompassing grandiosity, damnation, and physical breakdown. Despite its historical origins, CS remains poorly understood and often misdiagnosed. This review elucidates the clinical complexity, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic strategies associated with CS. It highlights the neurological aspects, such as delusional misidentification and negation, shedding light on underlying mechanisms. Treatment approaches, including pharmacotherapy, Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), and psychotherapy, are discussed, emphasising the importance of ongoing mental health support across the illness’s stages. The review draws from a comprehensive search methodology, encompassing diverse scholarly sources, to provide a nuanced understanding of CS. By increasing awareness among clinicians and researchers, this review aimed to improve diagnosis and treatment outcomes for individuals affected by this enigmatic syndrome.
Innovative Implications of Paddy Straw in Concrete: A Review
Authors: Jain Ritesh , Khattra Satinder Kaur
Published: July 2024

Rice is a crop that is grown worldwide and is mostly produced in Asian countries such as China, India, Indonesia, Vietnam, and others. For every ton of harvested rice, around 1.5 tons of paddy straw is produced. Paddy straw is available in substantial amounts during the rice harvesting seasons, depending on the region. In place of burning, governments and communities can promote composting, use paddy straw as animal feed, or invest in technology that turn waste straw into goods that are valuable. Buildings with improved energy efficiency, reduced agricultural waste, and alternative building materials can all benefit from the use of paddy straw in construction. However, proper processing and treatment are required to assure structural integrity, fire resistance, and longevity in construction applications. A thorough analysis was carried out to see how paddy straw might be used to address different environmental issues. It addresses a number of issues, including market potential, sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and technological viability. In this type of research, the durability, workability, and compressive strength of the concrete mix are typically evaluated by replacing a portion of the cement with ash derived from paddy straws. Research topics often include the optimal ash concentration, effects on hydration kinetics, and long-term performance of concrete.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus among Blood Donors at National Blood Transfusion and Research Center-Taiz Branch, Yemen
Authors: Al-Khulidi Jamal M. S. , Al-Taj Mohammed , Abdullah Ashwaq Ahmed
Published: July 2024

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) represents one of the most health problems. Almost more than 350 million infected persons were reported universally. Blood transfusion is commonly the most common route of transmission of HBV. Recently, Hospitals in Yemen are increasing demands for blood and blood products due to war injury, anemia, and malnutrition.  The risk of transfusion transmission of infection relatively increases. This study aimed to determine hepatitis B virus prevalence among blood donors at the National Blood Transfusion Center -Taiz branch (NBTRC- TB). Data was collected from the National Blood Transfusion and Research Center (Taiz branch) from 1/4/2020 to 16/12/2020. A total of 3174 blood donors donated blood at the center. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on them. Blood donor information was registered at the reception department, and all blood screening tests were performed. Data of HBsAg and total anti-HBc were analyzed statistically by using IBM SPSS version 26. Among 3174 blood donors, male blood donors were 3158 (99.5%) and female blood donors 16 (0.5%). Furthermore, 41 (1.3%) were positive for HBsAg (which all the positive results were for male donors and no positivity were for female donors) while 353 (11.1%) were positive for total anti- HBc Ab which is distributed at ratio of 11% (350) for males and 0.1% (3) for females. On the other hand, the result of HBsAg and total anti-HBc Ab together showed three levels of positivity as the (HBsAg positive / anti-HBc negative) were 12 (0.4%) in which was a low percentage and reversely, the (HBsAg negative/ HBcAb positive) were 316 (10.2%), While the HBsAg positive / anti-HBc positive were 27 (0.9%). So this study shed light on the result of HBsAg negative/ anti-HBc positive which the percentage (10.2%) of which statistically significant (p. value = 0.000) and was the highest result indicates donors with post HBV infection or have low HBV infection.  This study showed the high prevalence of post-HBV infection among blood donors. Using both markers HBsAg and total anti-HBc Ab will improve the detection of HBV before blood transfusion.
Role of School Bus Services as a Complementary Element of the Education Process in Hidden Curriculum: School Services Drives' Opinions
Authors: Ünsal Halük
Published: July 2024

Aims: The aim of this study is to reveal the views of school bus drivers who perform school bus services as a complementary element of the education process within the scope of the hidden curriculum.
Methodology: This study is of qualitative research type. In this study, in-depth and detailed information was collected by interviewing a sufficient number of school bus drivers with the interview method. In this study, convenience sampling technique, one of the random sampling methods, was utilized. Ten willing and volunteer school bus drivers who provide shuttle service in a public primary school in Ankara participated in the study. Interview technique was utilized in the study. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview form developed by the researcher. In the analysis of the data, content analysis technique was used by going through the basic stages. The main categories in the analysis were day, task/responsibility, purpose, behavior, communication, interaction, problem and general. Subcategories were also used.
Results: At the end of the research, more than half of the school bus drivers who provided school bus services in the hidden curriculum process stated that their aim was economic conditions and making a living, while about one third stated that they aimed to provide a happy and peaceful transportation service. Most of the school bus drivers face many problems related to students and traffic. As suggestions, school bus drivers want informative meetings to be organized for parents, to be valued, to be educated, tolerant and well-intentioned, and to give priority to school buses in traffic. In this regard, it can be suggested that meetings be held at the beginning and end of the semester and that interviews be held with students, administrators, teachers and parents, who are the other elements of this process.
Revolutionizing Rice: The Synthesis of Nature's Evolution and Biotechnology in C4 Rice
Authors: Nadipalli Shalini V , Bennur Sanjay V , Ram Mukh
Published: July 2024

Agriculture plays a fundamental role in meeting the essential needs of humanity, yet numerous factors continuously influence agricultural production and productivity. Over time, evolving agricultural practices have significantly increased yields of staple food crops, thereby enhancing global food security. However, as the world's population continues to grow, there is a pressing need to further augment crop yields. Historically, increases in yield were achieved by expanding cultivated land, but rapid industrialization and urbanization have diminished available agricultural land and depleted natural resources essential for farming. In response to these challenges, enhancing crop photosynthetic efficiency has emerged as a pivotal strategy. Photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy, has been optimized in various crops through evolutionary and biotechnological approaches. One such innovation is the adaptation of the C4 photosynthetic pathway into C3 rice, a staple food for billions worldwide. The C4 pathway, found in several efficient crops like maize and sugarcane, enhances carbon dioxide uptake and reduces photorespiration, leading to improved water and nitrogen use efficiency. This review explores the integration of nature’s evolutionary principles with cutting-edge biotechnological advancements in the development of C4 rice. By introducing the C4 pathway into rice—a traditionally C3 plant—scientists aim to dramatically increase its productivity and resilience to environmental stressors. This transformative approach not only holds promise for meeting future food demands sustainably but also addresses the challenges posed by climate change and resource scarcity. Moreover, the review examines the scientific basis, technological innovations, and potential agricultural implications of implementing C4 rice. It highlights the collaborative efforts of researchers, agronomists, and biotechnologists worldwide in reimagining rice cultivation to secure global food supplies while minimizing environmental impact. Ultimately, the integration of C4 photosynthesis into rice represents a significant step forward in agricultural innovation, poised to redefine food production capabilities and enhance global food security in the face of escalating population growth and environmental change.
Standardization of Spacing and Fertilizer Levels for Growth, Yield and Flower Quality of French Marigold (Tagetes patula L.)
Authors: C.T. Pratheeksha , Kulkarni Balaji S. , P. Pavankumar , A. M. Shirol , N. Thammaih , D. Satish , Nishani Sandyarani
Published: July 2024

This study investigated the standardization of spacing and fertilizer requirements for optimizing the growth and flower quality of French Marigold (Tagetes patula L.). The primary objective was to identify the most effective treatment combination for maximizing farmer profitability and yield. The experiment utilized three fertilizer levels (F1: 225:60:60 NPK kg/ha, F2: 168.75:45:45 NPK kg/ha, F3: 112.5:30:30 NPK kg/ha) and three spacing levels (S1: 30 cm x 30 cm, S2: 45 cm x 30 cm, S3: 45 cm x 45 cm) in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. Results indicated that plant height increased with a decrease in spacing and an increase in fertilizer levels. The S1F1 treatment combination (30 x 30 cm spacing and 225:60:60 NPK kg/ha) exhibited higher plant height, plant spread, and the number of primary and secondary branches. Flower production was significantly influenced by a spacing of 30 x 30 cm and a fertilizer level of 225:60:60 NPK kg/ha. Higher levels of spacing and fertilizer, i.e., 45 x 45 cm spacing and a fertilizer level of 225:60:60 NPK kg/ha yielded superior results in terms of flowering duration, flower diameter, flower weight, and shelf life of the flowers on the plant.
Varietal Response to Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Bulb Yield, Storability, and Production Economics of Onion (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Raa Vikas , Singh Satya Pal , Duhan D.S. , Mor V.S. , Sidharth  , Saini Ankit , Fundan Renu , Sagwal Nilesh
Published: July 2024

The field experiment was conducted in the Rabi season of 2021-22 in the research farm of the Regional Research Center, Raiya (Jhajjar) of Maharana Pratap Horticultural University, Karnal, Haryana to examine the impact of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on the growth, bulb yield and self-life of two indigenous onion varieties was examined. The treatment combinations comprised seven treatments along with one control that was arranged in a randomized block design (factorial) with four replications and two varieties namely Hisar Onion-2 and Hisar Onion-4. The results of the study showed that bulb yield-related parameters such as average fresh weight of bulbs (82.39 g), yield per plot (26.74 kg), and yield per hectare (29.71 t) were recorded maximum in the treatment T6. However, the better storage life of bulbs was estimated in treatment control which was at par with treatment T3 i.e., physiological loss in weight (20.23%), sprouting (3.14%), and rotting (11.43%) were observed minimum after 120 days of storage period. Hisar onion-4 was found superior in all the bulb yield and shelf-life parameters in comparison to Hisar Onion-2. Treatment consisting of 50% recommended dose of NPK + 50% RDN supplied through Vermi-compost recorded maximum net return (Rs.1, 97,942) and benefit-cost ratio (2.25). Therefore, it can be inferred that the combined use of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers contributes to the improved shelf life of onion bulbs and enhances the long-term production potential of the soil.