bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
QUESTIONING the SUPER-RICH
Authors: Serafini Paula , Maguire Jennifer Smith
Published: April 2019

The authors outline how multiple dimensions—historical and contemporary; global and local; political, economic, social, and cultural—inform an understanding of the super-rich. Recent super-rich scholarship is reviewed with regard to three themes: discourses and representations; mechanisms and structures; experiences and identities. The empirical and conceptual insights of the contents are then highlighted, with regard to the significance of discourses of legitimacy, namely, those of meritocracy, civility, and luxury; the intersections of race and class that underpin assumptions about and representations of wealth; institutional and political-economic dynamics, in relation to international financial systems and property markets; and experiences and attitudes, examined via elites’ professional identities and cultural practices. The authors suggest that questioning the super-rich provides an avenue for the study of power in society, how it is reproduced, and how global hierarchies may be shifting. To that end, the articles attempt to make visible the brute force of the infrastructures (politics and policy, cultural and occupational conventions, financial devices and systems) that are occluded by the tendency to focus on the gloss of super-rich lifestyles; to draw attention to the long-term and newly emerging tensions within and between categories of wealth and of elites, and spheres of political, economic, and cultural activity; and to contribute to an understanding of how the accumulation of wealth is perpetuated and excused through discourses of legitimation, structural dynamics, and lived identities. These are much-needed critical interventions at a time of escalating inequality.
IS CONTEMPORARY LUXURY MORALLY ACCEPTABLE?
Authors: Roberts Joanne
Published: April 2019

This article investigates the moral acceptability of contemporary luxury. The meaning of luxury and its manifestations in today’s economically developed countries are explored. The nature of morality is considered, and the evolving moral standing of luxury from the classical period to modern times is reviewed. Based on an elaboration of the significant positive and negative consequences of the production and consumption of luxuries, the moral standing of contemporary luxury and the questions it raises for the super-rich are discussed. The author argues that the moral standing of contemporary luxury is dependent on the social and economic context within which it is situated. This is because the meaning of both luxury and morality vary according to social context. Further, where luxury divides and stimulates degenerate, unethical, and criminal activities, it is morally indefensible; but where luxury unites community and advances human endeavor, it can be defended on moral grounds. However, in the contemporary period, growing economic inequality is increasingly overshadowing any positive moral impact of luxury.
The “HAVES” and the “HAVE YACHTS”
Authors: Burrows Roger , Knowles Caroline
Published: April 2019

In the decade between 2007 and 2017 London changed fundamentally. This article is about how the actions of the transnational über- wealthy — the “have yachts” — impinged on the life- worlds of the “merely wealthy” — “the haves.” As the authors explore the conceptual utility of gentrification as a way of thinking about these seismic urban changes, they conclude that profound socio- spatial changes and new intensities in the financialization of housing, neighborhood tensions, and cultural dislocations are reshaping London as a plutocratic city and the lives of those who live there in historically unprecedented ways. The concept of “super- gentrification,” the authors argue, does not adequately frame these circumstances.
Us and Nothing
Authors: Bartula Piotr
Published: April 2019

Perhaps everyone is familiar with Aristotle’s view that man is a cultural, social and political animal: “ . . . And he who by nature and not by mere accident is without a state, is either a bad man or above humanity; he is like the ‘Tribeless, lawless, hearthless one,’ whom Homer denounces – the natural outcast is forthwith a lover of war; he may be compared to an isolated piece at draughts.” Although Aristotle’s view seems obvious, at first sight, it is not so. This is evidenced by the numerous examples of recluses, outsiders, stateless persons, anarchists who dismiss belonging to a state or world culture, thinking nothing of them. Thus, there they feel observed, spied upon, assessed, censored, directed, sizedup, priced, marked, lectured, tied, robbed, repressed, degraded, examined, baited, derided, plundered, judged, manipulated, sold-out, conscripted, corrected, socialised, punished and homeless. These views unmask the political, social and cultural “Us”, as a mask hiding the anarchistic and pre-social “Nothing”.
The Possible Role of Art Museums in Regard to Educational Reform
Authors: Pivoda Peter
Published: April 2019

This paper concerns ongoing educational reform in Slovakia and its goals as declared in the foundation document entitled Learning Slovakia. Within these goals, we have chosen those which are connected to freedom and supporting concepts of civil society. Besides the political circumstances of reform, we analyse art museums as educational institutions. The aim is to find common interests in education being provided both by schools and art museums, and especially how they may become partners in fulfilling the needs of a new school curriculum. To illustrate one possible way of partnership, we use examples of three individual educational programmes from the Slovak National Gallery in Bratislava.
Freedom in Culture – Symbols and Myths in Building Cultural Identity
Authors: Krzak Łukasz
Published: April 2019

This article refers to a broadly understood issue of freedom usage in culture. It discusses the relationship between the Greeks and Macedonians, concerning the use of the name Macedonia and the image of Alexander the Great in the names, culture and symbols of both countries. The author reviews a problem of deriving benefits for one culture from another’s heritage, exemplified by Romania as the heir of the Roman Empire. Some consideration is offered also with regard to legality of such procedures and the reaction of the international opinion. The Author provides specific and undeniable examples of relevant behaviours and approximates possible scenarios of relevant situations in the future with consequences to which such conflicts may lead.
Care homes neglected amidst Brexit chaos
Authors: McAlees Melissa
Published: April 2019

The ongoing postponement of the social care Green Paper and Brexit taking up all the Government's attention has led to the quality of care homes worsening, leaving older people at risk.
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: causes and pathology
Authors: Palmer Sarah
Published: April 2019

Repeated traumatic impacts on the head can lead to cognitive impairment: a recent study disclosed the differences between Alzheimer's disease and tauopathy caused by head trauma. Sarah Palmer talks about causes and disease progression
How previous life routines affect sundown syndrome
Authors: Britton Beth
Published: April 2019

Confusion and agitation are common in those living with dementia, but in some people these exacerbate and lead to distress towards the end of the day; this is referred to as ‘sundowning’. Beth Britton explains what can be done to assuage symptoms.
Complying with the accessible information standard
Authors: Frankova Helena
Published: April 2019

Communication is an essential part of care, but not every resident will be able to understand or produce normal speech or writing. The Care Quality Commission will start to scrutinise communication plans; Helena Frankova explains how to comply.
Artificial intelligence in care: where does responsibility lie?
Authors: Stephenson Jo , Acklam Claire
Published: April 2019

The problem of staff shortages in social care, paired with the developments in artificial intelligence technology, seems to point to a simple solution: implementing care robots. Jo Stephenson and Claire Acklam explore the legal implications of this.
Causing a stir
Authors: Hart Karen
Published: April 2019

Now is the time for children to harvest a range of exciting new natural objects, including catkins, blossom, dandelions, twigs and leaves – to take to the mud kitchen and have fun mixing them into magic potions.
Full speed ahead
Authors: Clarke Jenni
Published: April 2019

Extending conversation around exercise is a great way to help children to make connections with how their body works. It also helps them to focus on setting their own physical challenges.
Respecting animals
Authors: White Hilary
Published: April 2019

National Pet Month provides a useful starting point for children to learn about the needs of different pets. Try these activities to convey accurate information without having real animals in the setting.
Smartphone Addiction, Fear of Missing Out, and Perceived Competence as Predictors of Social Media Addiction of Adolescents
Authors: Tunc-Aksan Aygul , Akbay Sinem Evin
Published: April 2019

In this study it is aimed to analyze the smartphone addiction, fear of missing out (FoMO), and perceived social and academic competence that predict social media addiction on high school students. Study group consists of 296 (136 females and  160 males) high school students studying in Anatolian High Schools and Vocational High School in Mersin during the 2017-2018 academic year. Simple random sampling was used. In the study, descriptive survey method was used. As data collection tools, Personal Information Form, Social Media Addiction Scale, Smartphone Addiction Scale, Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMO), Perceived Competence Scale developed by Ozer et al. were used. In analyses of data, regression was used. According to stepwise regression analysis, smartphone addiction (β = .34), fear of missing out (β = .26) and perceived academic competence (β = -.12) predict social media addiction level on high school students. As the result of the study, smartphone addiction, fear of missing out, and perceived academic competence predict social media addiction on high school students. When the smartphone addiction level and fear of missing out decrease, and also perceived academic competence improve, students’ smartphone addiction levels reduce.
The Effects of Explicit Film-based Instruction on EFL Teacher Trainees’ Interpretation of Implied Meanings
Authors: Cetinavci Ugur Recep
Published: April 2019

Pragmatic competence is an indispensable dimension of overall language ability, and proper interpretation of implied meanings is a major constituent of pragmatic competence. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate the efficiency of a film-based instruction program devised to facilitate the interpretation of implied meanings in English. It was conducted with a quasi-experimental design. First, a multiple-choice discourse completion test was given to 144 English language teacher trainees with 77 people in the experimental group and 67 in the control group. After the 5-week instruction given to the experimental group, the test was administered to both groups again. The results revealed significant differences in favor of the experimental group. This makes the program a promising one as it made the participants, who were also prospective English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers responsible for helping their own students have pragmatic competence too, significantly more equipped about processing implied meanings as a major constituent of pragmatic competence.
A Structural Model on the Role of Perceived Multi-Dimensional Social Support in Attitudinal Variables
Authors: Demir Selcuk
Published: April 2019

This research employs survey-based correlational model. This study has been carried out to reveal the relationships among perceived multi-dimensional social support and satisfaction with life, job satisfaction and job stress. The research data were gathered from 355 teachers working at schools in Hatay city in 2018-2019 academic year. Data were achieved by “Perceived Multi-Dimensional Social Support Scale”, “Job Satisfaction”, “Job Stress” and “Satisfaction with Life”. The relationships between multi-dimensional social support and job satisfaction, job stress and satisfaction with life have been determined in the measurement model. Structural equation model shows that perceived social support has a positive impact on teachers’ job satisfaction and satisfaction with life, in reverse, a negative impact on teachers’ job stress. Besides this, perceived social support positively affects teachers’ satisfaction with life through the partial mediation effects of job satisfaction and job stress. It has been concluded in this study that increasing perceived social support is an effective strategy for increasing job and life satisfaction and decreasing stress of teachers.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ В ПОНЯТИЙНОМ АППАРАТЕ ГРАЖДАНСКОГО И АРБИТРАЖНОГО ПРОЦЕССУАЛЬНОГО ПРАВА ТЕРМИНОВ ИНОСТРАННОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ
Authors: Rekhtina Irina , Bolovnev Mikhail
Published: April 2019

Предлагаемая статья посвящена анализу терминов  иностранного происхождения, которые активно используются в юридической сфере, в большей степени в понятийном аппарате гражданского и арбитражного процессов, как в научном обороте и доктрине, путем включения в статьи, монографии, научно-практические издания, так и в официальной судебной практике при фиксации в различного рода судебных актах: определениях, решениях, постановлениях, судебных приказах. Авторы излагают общие подходы и положения относительно правил и требований юридической техники, при этом уделяют особое внимание юридической терминологии, ее понятию, значению, условиям использования и видам юридических терминов. В статье описываются два способа образования данных терминов в русском юридическом языке, указываются их подвиды, приводятся примеры заимствованных иностранных терминов и категорий. В завершении статьи авторы обозначают как положительные, так и отрицательные моменты при заимствовании и рецепции правовых терминов иностранного происхождения.
«ПРЕВЕНТИВНОЕ ПРАВОСУДИЕ» - ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ
Authors: Tarbagayeva Elena , Moldovanova Yulia
Published: April 2019

Статья представляет лингвистическое обоснование в защиту использования вызвавшего в юридическом сообществе полемику термина «превентивное правосудие» применительно к институту нотариата. Аргументируется вывод о том, что словосочетание «превентивное правосудие» является узкоспециальным научным термином и нарушение его смысловой целостности, происходящее при формальном подходе к анализу ведет к утрате его значения.
ОТРАЖЕНИЕ ПРАВОНАРУШЕНИЙ, ВЫЗВАННЫХ РЕЧЕВЫМИ КОНФЛИКТАМИ, В ЮРИДИЧЕСКИХ ДОКУМЕНТАХ КИЕВСКОЙ РУСИ И ПЕРИОДА ФЕОДАЛЬНОЙ РАЗДРОБЛЕННОСТИ
Authors: Snigirev Alexey
Published: April 2019

Понятийно-терминологический аппарат русского права в области правонарушений, связанных с речевыми конфликтами, проходил через многочисленные этапы формирования и переосмысления. На данном первичном этапе формирования нормативно-правовой базы сложно ожидать тех понятий и терминов, которые мы встречаем в современном законодательстве, характерного для гражданского и правового общества. Понятия и термины не имеют еще строгих дефиниций, зачастую интерпретации одного и того же понятия в контексте могут не только различаться, но и в чем-то противоречить друг другу. Однако анализ позволил сделать следующие выводы:

            - начинает формироваться и юридически закрепляться понимание нематериальных прав лица, когда ущерб может быть нанесен не только физический, но и моральный, что находит свое отражение в понятии «бесчестие»;

            - возникают и закрепляются виды нанесения ущерба нематериальным правам лица, среди которых основное место занимают те или иные виды «оскорбления действием», но уже начинает формироваться осознание правонарушений, совершаемых посредством употребления языковых единиц;

            - основным видим правонарушения, связанным с речевыми конфликтами, становится «клевета», то есть формируется понимание денотативного и сигнификативного пространства, объективной и субъективной реальности и ответственности за высказывания, не несущие в себе фиксацию объектов и ситуаций реальной действительности, но претендующие на это.
ВОПРОС О ВЗАИМОПОНИМАНИИ СОБЕСЕДНИКОВ В ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКОЙ ЭКСПЕРТИЗЕ ТЕКСТОВ, СВЯЗАННЫХ С ДЕЛАМИ О КОРРУПЦИИ
Authors: Litvinenko Yulia
Published: April 2019

В статье рассматривается один из возможных вариантов методологии лингвистической экспертизы текстов, связанных с делами о коррупции. Перед экспертом ставится задача определить предмет разговора, его содержание, установить наличие взаимопонимания между собеседниками.
ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКАЯ ЭКСПЕРТИЗА ПО ДЕЛУ ОБ ОСКОРБЛЕНИИ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ СОБСТВЕННОЙ ЛИНГВОЭКСПЕРТНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ)
Authors: Ivanishcheva Olga
Published: April 2019

В статье на материале текстов лингвистической экспертизы по делам об оскорблении представлены проблемы, встающими перед лингвистом-экспертом, указана необходимость учета экстралингвистической ситуации и прагматических факторов при анализе факта оскорбления.
О СТАТУСЕ СЛОВА "БЕСТОЛОЧЬ" В РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ И ЕГО ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИИ В ЛИНГВИСТИКЕ И ЮРИСПРУДЕНЦИИ
Authors: Zuga Oksana
Published: April 2019

В статье рассматривается функционирование слова бестолочь в современной речи носителей русского языка, варианты его анализа лингвистами в ходе проведения лингвистических экспертиз и оценки юристами в ходе судебных разбирательств.
"СХОДСТВО ДО СТЕПЕНИ СМЕШЕНИЯ": ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ
Authors: Doronina Svetlana
Published: April 2019

Работа посвящена описанию семиотических механизмов создания товарных знаков, сходных друг с другом до степени смешения. Осуществляется поиск корреляций с правовым понятием «сходство до степени смешения» в области коммуникативистики. Сходными до степени смешения, в первую очередь, признаются знаки, которые вводят потребителя в заблуждение относительно происхождения товаров. В комбинированных товарных знаках сходство целесообразно определять с учетом различных компонентов структуры и аспектов функционирования знака. Товарные знаки, обладающие формально-семантическим сходством, можно считать паронимами – в процессе их функционирования в речи происходит мотивированная подмена одного наименования другим. Другие товарные знаки вступают в отношения парономасии, так как они схожи друг с другом только графически и фонетически. В работе подвергаются классификации языковые приемы создания товарных знаков, сходных до степени смешения. Результаты воздействия представленных приемов, по нашему мнению, не тождественны, и их измерение требует экспериментального исследования
ПОНЯТИЕ ДОБРОСОВЕСТНОСТИ В ЯЗЫКЕ РОССИЙСКОГО ПРАВА: ИСТОРИЯ И СОВРЕМЕННОСТЬ
Authors: Попова Людмила
Published: April 2019

В статье отражено диахроническое исследование влияния национальных социально-этических ценностей на правовую сферу, что позволяет проследить развитие морально-правовых представлений в русской культуре. Язык юридической коммуникации изучается как объективное отражение юридического сознания. Предметом исследования являются способы номинации понятия добросовестности в языке российского права. Произведена сплошная выборка соответствующих юридических номинаций из кодексов, законодательных и других актов. Обнаружена недостаточная терминологическая определенность данных номинаций как в законодательстве, так и в специальной энциклопедической литературе. С учетом общеязыковой семантики и контекстуального анализа отмечено совмещение в понятии добросовестности социально-этической и юридической семантики, показана его близость с родовым понятием правомерности. Реконструирована история развития номинативной группы с центром «совесть» в русском законодательстве с XVIII века. Выполнен лингвокогнитивный анализ, показана трансформация семантической структуры номинаций и их когнитивного содержания в современном русском юридическом сознании: зафиксировано уменьшение значимости концепта «совесть» и возрастание значимости концепта «закон» при характеристике правомерности. Выполнен лингвокультурологический анализ, определен аксиологический статус понятия добросовестности в истории и современности русского права. Выявлены признаки этнокультурной идентичности юридического языкового сознания в истории и современности. Отмечена этнокультурная значимость этического концепта «совесть», его историческая связь с концептами «душа», «добро», «справедливость», «правда», «честность». Реконструирован этнокультурный образ добросовестного субъекта права, транслируемый русскими законодательными текстами на протяжении нескольких веков. Апелляция к данному образу рассмотрена как компонент речевой стратегии комплексного воздействия на логическую, эмоциональную и ценностно-мотивационную сферы сознания субъекта права. Выявлен коммуникативно-прагматический риск при совмещении исходного социально-этического и производного правового значения добросовестности (эффект недостаточной точности правовых предписаний).
О ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ СМЫСЛЕ ПОНЯТИЯ «МАСКИРОВКА» В КОНТЕКСТЕ СУДЕБНОЙ ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКОЙ ЭКСПЕРТИЗЫ
Authors: Дайлоф Екатерина
Published: April 2019

В статье рассматривается вопрос об объёме и содержании понятия «маскировка» в контексте судебной лингвистической экспертизы с позиции его терминологической корреляции с явлением криптолалии. При определении понятия маскировки предлагается руководствоваться функционально-прагматическим подходом, то есть ориентироваться в первую очередь на то, с какой целью было использовано то или иное речевое средство (речевой прием, способ передачи информации). В случае маскировки ведущей целью является сокрытие информации от третьих лиц. Опираясь на лингвистические труды В.П. Москвина, в соответствии с изложенным подходом к определению понятия маскировки разграничиваются понятия криптолалии и эвфемии как коммуникативных явлений, противопоставленных друг другу по целевому назначению и составу коммуникантов. При криптолалии: состав участников – адресат, адресант, контрагент (третье лицо, от которого что-то скрывают), цель – сокрытие содержания речи от третьих лиц; при эвфемии: состав участников – адресат, адресант, иногда третье лицо, от которого информация не скрывается, цель – смягчение наименования нежелательных предметов и явлений. В контексте противозаконной деятельности участников коммуникации в роли контрагента (третьего лица, от которого скрывается информация) выступает реальный или предполагаемый представитель закона. На примерах из экспертной практики демонстрируется использование альтернативных номинаций (приема криптономазии) с целью сокрытия информации о предмете речи. В заключение отмечается, что в терминологическом смысле понятие маскировки в контексте производства судебной лингвистической экспертизы соотносится с явлением криптолалии и обозначает реализацию в речи коммуникативной установки сокрытия информации от контрагента (третьего лица) посредством использования различных речевых приёмов и средств непрямой коммуникации.
ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКАЯ ЭКСПЕРТИЗА В ГЕРМАНИИ
Authors: Мущинина Мария
Published: April 2019

В данной статье рассматривается лингвистическая экспертиза в судебной системе Германии. Несмотря на то, что эта сфера деятельности лингвистов существует в судебной практике Германии уже много десятилетий, роль лингвистов-экспертов в Германии ограничена лишь некоторыми традиционными областями. Эта ситуация обусловлена, в первую очередь, особыми принципами работы судов и высокой степенью структурирования источников информации, которыми судьи располагают для принятия решений, что дает им возможность во многих случаях не прибегать к помощи лингвиста. Немаловажную роль в формировании сферы деятельности лингвистов-экспертов играют и экономические факторы, в частности, система получения экспертных лицензий и гонораров. В статье приводятся примеры из двух комментариев к статье 185 Уголовного кодекса Германии (оскорбление) – источников, на которые суд может опираться при принятии решений.
Gastrointestinal Failure in Critically Ill Patients With Cirrhosis
Authors: Alukal Joseph J. , Thuluvath Paul J.
Published: April 2019

Gastrointestinal failure (GIF) is frequent in patients managed in the intensive care units and manifests as gut paralysis or ileus. GIF is often associated with sepsis or multiorgan failure. In critically ill patients, the precipitating causes of GIF include inflammation, sepsis, electrolyte abnormalities, and acidosis. It is possible that GIF is associated with an increase in bacterial translocation, especially in those with cirrhosis and portal hypertension, and this may play a significant pathogenic or prognostic role in acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). The critical care literature suggests that GIF is associated with a higher mortality risk. In this review, we summarize the evidence for a potential association between GIF and ACLF and propose treatment options for the management of GIF. Moreover, we suggest GIF to be considered as another organ failure when the severity of ACLF is assessed.
Overlap Syndrome and Myasthenia Gravis: An Uncommon Association With Unusual Features
Authors: Ray Gautam
Published: April 2019

The author presents a rare case of overlap syndrome associated with myasthenia gravis in the absence of acetylcholine receptor antibody and thymoma. Various liver autoantibodies developed at different times later in the disease course and myasthenia occurred 5 years after the diagnosis of liver disease. The importance of repeating antibody panel later in the disease course for proper diagnosis and timely treatment is highlighted. The exact mechanism of the development of myasthenia gravis in autoimmune liver disease also needs investigation for the possibility of new drug development that might be beneficial to both.
Nonsurgical Management of an Embedded Metal Clip in Sigmoid Colon Causing Perforation and Abscess
Authors: Gollol-Raju Narasimha Swamy , Jampala Nannaya , Khalid Hamza , Mudireddy Prashant
Published: April 2019

Intentional ingestion of foreign objects is common in incarcerated individuals. Ingested foreign objects can lead to serious complications. Surgical treatment is considered mandatory once complications such as bowel perforation and abscess develop. We report an incarcerated individual with sigmoid perforation and pelvic abscess related to an ingested foreign object that was managed nonsurgically.
Senna Occidentalis Poisoning: An Uncommon Cause of Liver Failure
Authors: Ish Pranav , Rathi Sahaj , Singh Harpreet , Anuradha S.
Published: April 2019

Senna is a commonly found weed used in traditional systems of medicine, often as a laxative. Senna poisoning is rarely reported, and its potential for toxicity greatly underestimated. Clinical presentation mimics acute liver failure, which is very difficult to attribute to this seemingly innocuous agent. We report an unusual case of an elderly woman who presented with a hepatoencephalopathic syndrome after ingestion of Senna occidentalis and elucidate the multisystem pathophysiology of this rapidly evolving disease. Most importantly, we attempt to provide some perspective on how this knowledge from the East can help prevent severe consequences in the West.
A Rare Case of Systemic Adult Burkitt Lymphoma Presenting as Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis
Authors: Doherty Bryan , Palmer William , Cvinar Jessica , Sadek Nora
Published: April 2019

Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) is an uncommon presentation of cholecystitis accounting for 10% of cases. AAC is caused by a localized ischemic event in the gallbladder usually in critically ill patients. Several cases of localized or systemic lymphoma have been described in the literature as causes of AAC. We present a patient with a rare case of AAC due to undiagnosed systemic Burkitt lymphoma. Pathology of the gallbladder revealed Burkitt lymphoma with analysis of his cerebral spinal fluid confirming Stage IV disease. This case report reviews acute acalculous cholecystitis, lymphomas of the gallbladder and extrahepatic duct, and adult Burkitt lymphoma.
Distal Ileal Ulcers as Gastrointestinal Manifestation of Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
Authors: Kantamaneni Vamsi , Gurram Krishna , Khehra Raman , Koneru Gopala , Kulkarni Abhijit
Published: April 2019

Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) is a neoplastic disorder of the B-cell lymphoid system. A 69-year-old man with WM presented with diarrhea for 6 months. Magnetic resonance enterography showed thickening of the terminal ileum (TI). Colonosocopy with TI intubation showed a single TI ulcer, and small bowel enteroscopy revealed multiple ulcers in the TI. Biopsies from both were negative on hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunoglobulin M immunofluorescence staining of the ulcers was positive for IgM deposits consistent with WM. After 6 cycles of chemotherapy with bendamustine and rituximab, symptoms resolved.
Sarcopenia Is Associated With Development of Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure in Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis Receiving Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt
Authors: Praktiknjo Michael , Clees Caroline , Pigliacelli Alessandra , Fischer Stefan , Jansen Christian , Lehmann Jennifer , Pohlmann Alessandra , Lattanzi Barbara , Krabbe Viktoria Katharina , Strassburg Christian P. , Arroyo Vicente , Merli Manuela , Meyer Carsten , Trebicka Jonel
Published: April 2019

INTRODUCTION:

Muscle mass has been shown to be a prognostic marker in patients with liver cirrhosis. Transversal psoas muscle thickness normalized by height (TPMT/height) obtained by routine computed tomography is a simple surrogate parameter for sarcopenia. TPMT/height, however, is not sex specific, which might play a role in risk stratification. Its association with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) has not been established yet. ACLF is associated with systemic inflammatory dysregulation. This study aimed at evaluating the role of sarcopenia in ACLF development of patients with decompensated cirrhosis receiving transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) using sex-specific TPMT/height.

METHODS:

One hundred eighty-six patients from the prospective Non-invasive Evaluation Program for TIPS and Follow Up Network cohort (observational, real-world TIPS cohort with structured follow-up) were analyzed. TPMT/height was measured from routine computed tomography. The sex-specific cutoff was determined to classify patients as sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic for 1-year mortality after TIPS. Clinical outcome was compared. Primary end points were ACLF and 1-year mortality after TIPS. Secondary end points were development of decompensations (hepatic encephalopathy and ascites) after TIPS.

RESULTS:

The sex-specific cutoff increases the diagnostic accuracy with regard to primary and secondary end points compared with the unisex cutoff. Sex-specific sarcopenia classification is an independent predictor of 1-year mortality and ACLF development in patients with cirrhosis receiving TIPS. Patients in the sarcopenia group showed significantly higher rates of mortality, ascites, overt hepatic encephalopathy, and ACLF after TIPS compared with the nonsarcopenia group. The Chronic Liver Failure Consortium Acute Decompensation score as a marker of systemic inflammation was significantly higher in sarcopenic patients.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study demonstrates for the first time that sarcopenia is related to ACLF development and systemic inflammation. The prognostic value of TPMT/height can be improved by using sex-specific cutoffs. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03584204.
Bowel Perforation During Catheter Removal After the Sixth Month of Peritoneal Dialysis Termination
Authors: Borazan Ali , Üstün Hasan , Akkaş Muharrem , Özbay Oğuz , Yılmaz Ahmet
Published: April 2019

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is widely used in the treatment of end stage renal failure patients. Delayed injury to the bowel is an uncommon complication of CAPD catheter. In this article, we presented a case of bowel perforation during catheter removal after the sixth month of peritoneal dialysis termination.
Dynamics of extracellular matrix proteins in cerebrospinal fluid and serum and their relation to clinical outcome in human traumatic brain injury
Authors: Minta Karolina , Cullen Nicholas C. , Nimer Faiez Al , Thelin Eric P. , Piehl Fredrik , Clarin Marcus , Tullberg Mats , Jeppsson Anna , Portelius Erik , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Andreasson Ulf
Published: April 2019

Background

Brevican, neurocan, tenascin-C and tenascin-R are extracellular matrix proteins present in brain that show increased expression in experimental animal models of brain injury. However, little is known about the dynamics of these proteins in human body fluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum, after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aims of this study were to investigate if matrix proteins in CSF and serum are associated with functional outcome following traumatic brain injury, if their concentrations change over time and to compare their levels between brain injured patients to controls.

Methods

In total, 42 traumatic brain injury patients, nine healthy controls and a contrast group consisting of 38 idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients were included. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to measure the concentrations of proteins.

Results

Increased concentrations of brevican, tenascin-C and tenascin-R in CSF correlated with unfavourable outcome, with stronger outcome prediction ability compared to other biomarkers of brain tissue injury. CSF brevican, tenascin-R and serum neurocan gradually decreased with time (p = 0.04, p = 0.008, p = 0.005, respectively), while serum tenascin-C (p = 0.01) increased. CSF concentrations of brevican, neurocan and tenascin-R (only in time point 3) after TBI were lower than in the idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus group (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, and p = 0.0008, respectively). In serum, tenascin-C concentration was higher and neurocan lower compared to healthy controls (p = 0.02 and p = 0.0009).

Conclusions

These findings indicate that levels of extracellular matrix proteins are associated with clinical outcome following TBI and may act as markers for different pathophysiology than currently used protein biomarkers.
An analytical nonlinear morphing model for corrugated laminates
Authors: Kress G.R. , Filipovic D.T.
Published: April 2019

This paper contributes an analytical nonlinear morphing model for high-amplitude corrugated thinwalled laminates of arbitrary stack-up with a corrugation shape composed of circular sections. The model describes large deformations, the nonlinear relation between line force and global stretch, and the distribution of local line loads. The quarter-unit-cell approach together with assuming small material strains and a plane strain situation contribute to the model’s simplicity. It is explained how the solution procedure minimizes the force and moment residual of the equilibrium of cutting and reaction line loads by using Newton’s optimization method. Deformation results are verified by comparison with FEM simulation. The effects of laminate design and corrugation amplitude on deformations, line-force-stretch diagrams, and bending-curvature-stretch diagrams are presented and discussed.
A Non-conforming Saddle Point Least Squares Approach for an Elliptic Interface Problem
Authors: Bacuta Constantin , Jacavage Jacob
Published: April 2019

We present a non-conforming least squares method for approximating solutions of second-order elliptic problems with discontinuous coefficients.
The method is based on a general Saddle Point Least Squares (SPLS) method introduced in previous work based on conforming discrete spaces.
The SPLS method has the advantage that a discrete inf-sup condition is automatically satisfied for standard choices of test and trial spaces.
We explore the SPLS method for non-conforming finite element trial spaces which allow higher-order approximation of the fluxes.
For the proposed iterative solvers, inversion at each step requires bases only for the test spaces.
We focus on using projection trial spaces with local projections that are easy to compute.
The choice of the local projections for the trial space can be combined with classical gradient recovery techniques to lead to quasi-optimal approximations of the global flux.
Numerical results for 2D and 3D domains are included to support the proposed method.
Enhanced PID Controller for Non-Minimum Phase Second Order Plus Time Delay System
Authors: Patil Purushottam , Sankar Rao C.
Published: April 2019

A tuning method is developed for the stabilization of the non-minimum phase second order plus time delay systems. It is well known that the presence of positive zeros pose fundamental limitations on the achievable control performance. In the present method, the coefficients of corresponding powers of s, s2 and s3 in the numerator are equated to α, β and γ times those of the denominator of the closed-loop system. The method gives three simple linear equations to get the PID parameter. The optimal tuning parameters α, β and γ are estimated by minimizing the Integral Time weighted Absolute Error (ITAE) for servo problem using fminsearch MATLAB solver aimed at providing lower maximum sensitivity function and keeping in check with the stability. The performance under model uncertainty is also analysed considering perturbation in one model parameter at a time using Kharitonov’s theorem. The closed loop performance of the proposed method is compared with the methods reported in the literature. It is observed that the proposed method successfully stabilizes and improves the performance of the uncertain system under consideration. The simulation results of three case studies show that the proposed method provides enhanced performance for the set-point tracking and disturbance rejection with improved time domain specifications.
The Evolution of Immigrants’ Homeownership in Germany
Authors: Ihle Dorothee , Siebert-Meyerhoff Andrea
Published: April 2019

Recently, the homeownership rate of immigrants in Germany has increased by more than 20 percentage points. To shed light on this sharp rise, this paper investigates the driving forces of the trend in the homeownership rate of immigrant households in Germany between 1996 to 2005 and 2001 to 2011 using a probit-based non-linear decomposition method. Empirical findings suggest that 50 % of the change in immigrants’ homeownership rate within the first time period can be explained by characteristics such as age and educational attainment. In the second time period, the explanatory power of characteristics is almost zero, indicating that it is rather the favorable economic and institutional environment as well as changes in immigrants’ tenure choice process that contributed to the substantial increase in immigrants’ homeownership rate in Germany. We additionally find that housing quality of immigrant homeowners has slightly improved as well, but that there is still a substantial nativity gap in housing quality among tenants as well as among owners.
Theories, Techniques and the Formation of German Business Cycle Forecasts
Authors: Döpke Jörg , Fritsche Ulrich , Waldhof Gabi
Published: April 2019

We report results of a survey among active forecasters of the German business cycle. Using data for 82 respondents from 37 different institutions, we investigate what models and theories forecasters subscribe to and find that they are pronounced conservative in the sense that they overwhelmingly rely on methods and theories that have been well-established for a long time, while more recent approaches are relatively unimportant for the practice of business cycle forecasting. DSGE models are mostly used in public institutions. In line with findings in the literature there are tendencies of “leaning towards consensus” (especially for public institutions) and “sticky adjustment of forecasts” with regard to new information. A stable relationship between preferred theories and methods and forecast accuracy cannot be established.
Design and Parameter Analysis of Underwater Wireless Optical Communication with Different Water Samples
Authors: Vijayakumari P. , Sumathi M.
Published: April 2019

Underwater optical wireless communications (UOWC) have recently received considerable attention for both research and commercial use because of their facility to provide a much higher data rate than the traditional acoustic method within comparatively small distances. Many potential application of UWOC systems have been proposed for environmental monitoring, exploration, disaster precaution, and military operations. In all the above mentioned research works, high absorption and scattering of optical transmission in the water limits the benefits of UOWC systems to only few meters. In order to overcome these technical challenges, several new system design approaches proposed. This work is done in salt water. Salt water cannot be used for drinking because it causes dehydration. This paper analysis the performance of the system using different water samples like salt water, turbid water, normal water, etc.
Free Space Optical Communication System under Different Weather Conditions
Authors: Wani Mohammad Yawar , Pathak Hitesh , Kaur Karamjit , Kumar Anil
Published: April 2019

Free space optical communication systems (FSO’s) have surfaced as admired means of communication in the past few years. High speed of operation, low bandwidth requirements and system reliability are the major factors responsible for their wide range of applications. These communication systems use air as a medium of transmission. Since there is no component like fiber or cable, but air is only medium, the variations in atmospheric conditions play a vital role in performance of these networks. The reason behind is that the conditions like presence of humidity, haze, snowfall, rain, dust or smoke changes the attenuation coefficient of medium. The raised attenuation levels results in increased losses and need to be carefully monitored. The present work analyzes the influence of rain on the performance of FSO network in terms of quality of transmission. The paper discusses the impact of rainfall on attenuation coefficient of air. Then impact of this attenuation on network transmission is presented in terms of BER and Q-factor. In order to demonstrate the impact, BER and Q-value is calculated for 10 Gbps FSO link for clear weather and rainfall conditions.
Effects of light touch on balance in patients with stroke
Authors: In Tae-sung , Jung Jin-Hwa , Jang Sang-hun , Kim Kyung-hun , Jung Kyoung-sim , Cho Hwi-young
Published: April 2019

Light touch is the combination of cutaneous and kinesthetic inputs. The literature suggests that light touch compensates for a reduced amount of center of pressure information in older peoples, blind subjects and patients with neurological disorder. This study investigated the effects of light touch applied to an external bar, on the postural sway in individuals with hemiparetic stroke. We used a cross sectional study, fifteen individuals with stroke and 15 healthy age-matched adults stood as still as possible on a force plate. Experimental trials (duration, 30 s) included two visual conditions (open eyes and closed eyes), two somatosensory conditions (no touch and light touch) and two support surface conditions (firm and foam surfaces). The area of center of pressure (COP) and the mean velocity of COP in the medio-lateral and anterior-posterior directions were assessed. For both groups, COP velocity and area decreased with light touch regardless of the visual or surface conditions. The effects of light touch were similar in both groups. In addition, results show that the effectiveness of light touch in reducing postural sway was greater on a foam surface than on a firm surface. Our findings indicate that light touch could be beneficial in postural control for individuals with hemi-paretic stroke
Antioxidant Properties, Sensory Evaluation and Mineral Content of Cardaba Banana and Plantain Flours
Authors: Taiwo Babalola R. , Kehinde Taiwo A.
Published: April 2019

Unripe cardaba banana and plantain slices were processed into flour. The effects of treatment (blanching/unblanched) and drying method (sun, 50ºC and 70ºC) were recorded. The antioxidant properties of the flour samples, sensory evaluation and minerals content were all determined. DPPH, TPC, FRAP and Metal chelating abilities were higher in cardaba flour (89.77 to 99.18%, 15.00 to 46.00 μgGAE/100g, 0.28 to 0.69 AAEμg/g and 38.90 to 96.53%) than in plantain (91.32 to 98.17%, 10.00 to 34.00 μgGAE/100g, 0.28 to 0.52 AAEμg/g and 33.71 to 94.98%) samples. Calcium, zinc and phosphorus were lower in cardaba banana flour compared to plantain flour. In overall acceptability, amala (a traditional South-western Nigerian meal) from blanched and unblanched cardaba banana flour was preferred to amala from blanched and unblanched plantain flour. Amala from oven-dried samples was considered better than sun-dried samples.
Evolution of Dirac Cone in Disclinated Graphene
Authors: Rozhkov M.A. , Kolesnikova A.L. , Hussainova I. , Kaliteevskii M.A. , Orlova T.S. , Smirnov Yu.Yu. , Yasnikov I.S. , Zhigilei L.V. , Bougrov V.E. , Romanov A.E.
Published: April 2019

Graphene crystals, containing arrays of disclination defects, are modeled and their energies are calculated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation technique. Two cases are analyzed in details: (i) pseudo-graphenes, which contain the alternating sign disclination ensembles and (ii) graphene with periodic distribution of disclination quadrupoles. Electronic band structures of disclinated graphene crystals are calculated in the framework of density functional theory (DFT) approach. The evolution of the Dirac cone and magnitude of band gap in the band structure reveal a dependence on the density of disclination quadrupoles and alternating sign disclinations. The electronic properties of graphene with disclination ensembles are discussed.
Modeling C540-C20 Fullerene Collisions
Authors: Rysaeva Leysan Kh. , Lobzenko Ivan P. , Baimova Julia A. , Dmitriev Sergey V. , Zhou Kun
Published: April 2019

Collisions of C20 and C540 fullerenes are studied in a wide range of velocities by means of classical molecular dynamics. The simulations show that the collision scenario strongly depends on the collision velocity of the fullerenes. At low collision energies, the fullerenes are repelled by the van der Waals forces, and after bouncing off a part of the kinetic energy of their translational motion is converted into the energy of cage vibrations. At higher collision energies, the fullerenes overcome the potential barrier of Pauli repulsion with the formation of the new chemical bonds, and a significant change in the geometry of the molecules is observed. At very high collision energies, structure of the molecules is destroyed with the formation of new carbon clusters. Analysis of collisions for fullerenes of significantly different size revealed some new features associated with their asymmetric energy exchange.
Synthesis, Structure and Mechanical Properties of Bulk “Copper-Graphene” Composites
Authors: Konakov V.G. , Kurapova O.Yu. , Solovyeva E.N. , Lomakin I.V. , Archakov I.Yu.
Published: April 2019

Bulk copper, copper-graphene and copper-graphite composites were produced from copper-thermally expanded graphite (TEG) powder mixtures with 0-3 wt.% TEG contents via modified powder metallurgy process that includes powder milling in a planetary mill at 350 rpm for 5 hours, compaction, and vacuum annealing at 1030 °C for 1 hour. Phase composition and microstructure of the composites were analysed by XRD and SEM techniques. According to Raman spectroscopy, TEG transforms into a few layer graphene flakes in case of composites with 0.1-1 wt.% of carbon additive, while for 3 wt.% of carbon additive it remains in the form of graphite. The addition of 0.1 wt.% TEG results in the tensile strength increase up to 160 MPa (from 93 MPa for pure copper specimen synthesized via the similar synthesis route). Vickers hardness obtained for Specimens under the study is independent fromthe composite composition.