bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A compreensão do conflito social como um problema alocativo: apontamentos sobre o fenômeno sociojurídico do conflito
Authors: Ericksen Lauro
Published: March 2012

Este artigo escrutina a teoria geral dos conflitos desde a sua origem histórica até a sua hodierna concepção social. Seu objetivo geral é explanar os principais elementos do conflito em sua acepção prática. O objetivo específico primário corresponde à análise dos três planos constitutivos do conflito: o plano objetivo, o plano comportamental e o plano anímico. O objetivo específico secundário consiste em enquadrar as questões conflitivas como um fenômeno sócio-jurídico, um problema alocativo em sua acepção pragmática. A metodologia se foca em analisar comportamentos, expressões volitivas e determinações objetivas dos sujeitos envolvidos em situações de conflito, traçando as colocações sócio-jurídicas desenvolvidas e aplicáveis à teoria geral dos conflitos. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de se implementar o estudo dos três planos de análise. Conclui-se que é necessário que tanto a resolução quanto a compreensão dos conflitos seja feita de maneira mais satisfatória em consentâneo com as premissas estatuídas.
Committee Report: Design and Installation of Cross‐linked Polyethylene (PEX) Pipe in Accordance with AWWA C904
Authors:   AWWA C904 Subcommittee of the Standards Committee on Polyolefin Pressure Pipe and Fittings
Published: March 2012

This committee report has been issued to provide basic guidance and references on the design and installation of PEX piping manufactured in accordance with AWWA C904.
Medicaid Managed Care and Pediatric Dental Emergency Department Visits
Authors: Baker Lawrence , Munnich Elizabeth L. , Kranz Ashley M.
Published: June 2024

Importance

Millions of economically disadvantaged children depend on Medicaid for dental care, with states differing in whether they deliver these benefits using fee-for-service or capitated managed care payment models. However, there is limited research examining the association between managed care and the accessibility of dental services.

Objective

To estimate the association between the adoption of managed care for dental services in Florida’s Medicaid program and nontraumatic dental emergency department visits and associated charges.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used an event-study difference-in-differences design, leveraging Florida Medicaid’s staggered adoption of managed care to examine its association with pediatric nontraumatic dental emergency department visits and associated charges. This study included all Florida emergency department visits from 2010 to 2014 in which the patient was 17 years or younger, the patient was a Florida resident, Medicaid paid for the visit, and a primary or secondary International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, code was used to classify a nontraumatic dental condition. Analyses were conducted between May 2023 and April 2024.

Exposure

The county of residence transitioning Medicaid dental services from fee-for-service to a fully capitated managed care program managed by a dental plan.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The rate of nontraumatic dental emergency department visits per 100 000 pediatric Medicaid enrollees and the associated mean charges per visit. Nontraumatic dental emergency department visits are a well-documented proxy for access to dental care. Data on emergency department visit counts came from the Florida Agency for Health Care Administration. Medicaid population denominators were derived from the American Community Survey’s 5-year estimates.

Results

Among the 34 414 pediatric nontraumatic dental emergency department visits that met inclusion criteria across Florida’s 67 counties, the mean (SD) age of patients was 8.11 (5.28) years, and 50.8% of patients were male. Of these, 10 087 visits occurred in control counties and 24 327 in treatment counties. Control counties generally had lower rates of NTDC ED visits per 100 000 enrollees compared with treatment counties (123.5 vs 132.7). Over the first 2.5 years of implementation, the adoption of managed care was associated with an 11.3% (95% CI, 4.0%-18.4%; P = .002) increase in nontraumatic dental emergency department visits compared with pre-implementation levels. There was no evidence that the average charge per visit changed.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, Florida Medicaid’s adoption of managed care for pediatric dental services was associated with increased emergency department visits for children, which could be associated with decreased access to dental care.
Sex Differences in the Global Prevalence of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Adolescents
Authors: Moloney Fiona , Amini Jasmine , Sinyor Mark , Schaffer Ayal , Lanctôt Krista L. , Mitchell Rachel H.B.
Published: June 2024

Importance

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a strong predictor of suicide attempts. The prevalence of NSSI has been increasing among female adolescents in North America and Europe, but less is known about trends in other geographical regions.

Objective

To examine sex differences in the prevalence of NSSI among adolescents within and between geographical regions.

Data Sources

MEDLINE and PsycINFO were searched using the keywords adolescents, self-injury, sex factors, and synonyms for articles published in English between January 1, 2000, and May 10, 2022.

Study Selection

Studies were included if they presented original data (any study design), included adolescents aged 10 to 19 years, reported results stratified by sex, and explicitly defined self-injury as behaviors occurring without suicidal intent.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

This meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO and conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Articles were assessed for quality by 2 independent coders (F.M. and J.A.). A random-effects model was used to calculate prevalence. Data were analyzed from July 2022 to April 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The prevalence of NSSI in male and female adolescents within and between regions was the main outcome. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% CIs were calculated for community samples.

Results

Eight hundred and two studies were screened, and 38 were included (266 491 participants). Across 17 countries, the pooled prevalence of NSSI was 17.7% (female:male OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.29-1.98). NSSI was twice as prevalent among female adolescents compared with male adolescents in North America (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 2.16-2.86) and Europe (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.69-2.58), but not in Asia (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.71-1.41).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this meta-analysis of sex differences in global prevalence of NSSI, the female predominance of NSSI observed among adolescents in North America and Europe aligned with rising rates of suicide in these populations. The comparable prevalence of NSSI among male and female adolescents in Asia also aligned with the lower male-to-female suicide ratio compared with other countries. More research is needed to characterize regional (and potentially cultural) sex differences among adolescents with NSSI to prevent and treat the behavior and to understand the possible interplay with corresponding regional trends in suicide.
Clinical Practice Guideline for Red Blood Cell Transfusion Thresholds in Very Preterm Neonates
Authors: Deschmann Emöke , Dame Christof , Sola-Visner Martha C. , Fustolo-Gunnink Susanna F. , Guyatt Gordon H. , Patel Ravi Mangal , Stanworth Simon J. ,   Neonatal Transfusion Network, New Helen , Lopriore Enrico , Roehr Charles Christoph , Coutinho Estela , Croitoru Corina , Nagy-Bonnard Livia , Matthäus Valerie , Nestaas Eirik , Buonocore Giuseppe , de Luca Daniele , Sanchez-Luna Manuel , Di Nardo Matteo , Huq Saifee Nabiha , Josephson Cassandra , Huijssen-Huisman Elise J. , Lieberman Lani , Orenstein Evan
Published: June 2024

Importance

Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is a common medical intervention to treat anemia in very preterm neonates; however, best transfusion practices, such as thresholds, remain uncertain.

Objective

To develop recommendations for clinicians on the use of RBC transfusions in very preterm neonates.

Evidence Review

An international steering committee reviewed evidence from a systematic review of 6 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared high vs low hemoglobin-based or hematocrit-based transfusion thresholds. The steering committee reached consensus on certainty-of-evidence ratings and worked with a panel from stakeholder organizations on reviewing the evidence. With input from parent representatives and the stakeholder panel, the steering committee used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to develop recommendations.

Findings

A systematic review of 6 RCTs encompassing 3483 participants (1759 females [51.3%]; mean [SD] age range, 25.9-29.8 [1.5-3.0] weeks) was used as the basis of the recommendations. The ranges for higher hemoglobin concentration (liberal) vs lower hemoglobin concentration (restrictive) threshold study arms were similar across the trials. However, specific thresholds differed based on the severity of illness, which was defined using variable criteria in the trials. There was moderate certainty of evidence that low transfusion thresholds likely had little to no difference in important short-term and long-term outcomes. The recommended hemoglobin thresholds varied on the basis of postnatal week and respiratory support needs. At postnatal weeks 1, 2, and 3 or more, for neonates on respiratory support, the recommended thresholds were 11, 10, and 9 g/dL, respectively; for neonates on no or minimal respiratory support, the recommended thresholds were 10, 8.5, and 7 g/dL, respectively (to convert hemoglobin to grams per liter, multiply by 10.0).

Conclusions and Relevance

This consensus statement recommends a restrictive RBC transfusion strategy, with moderate certainty of evidence, for preterm neonates with less than 30 weeks’ gestation.
The neural substrates of social cognition deficits in newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Ziccardi Stefano , Genova Helen , Colato Elisa , Guandalini Maddalena , Tamanti Agnese , Calabrese Massimiliano
Published: June 2024

Objective

Cognitive and affective symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS) can be independently impaired and have different pathways of progression. Cognitive alterations have been described since the earliest MS stages; by contrast, the social cognition (SC) domain has never been investigated in the first year from MS diagnosis. We aimed to evaluate SC and unravel its neural bases in newly diagnosed MS patients.

Methods

Seventy MS patients underwent at diagnosis a 3 T‐MRI and a neuropsychological/SC assessment (median time between diagnosis and MRI/cognitive evaluation = 0 months). We tested two matched reference samples: 31 relapsing–remitting MS patients with longer course (mean ± SD disease duration = 7.0 ± 4.5 years) and 38 healthy controls (HCs). Cortical thicknesses (CTh) and volumes of brain regions were calculated.

Results

Newly diagnosed MS patients performed significantly lower than HCs in facial emotion recognition (global: p < 0.001; happiness: p = 0.041, anger: p = 0.007; fear: p < 0.001; disgust: p = 0.004) and theory of mind (p = 0.005), while no difference was found between newly diagnosed and longer MS patients. Compared to lower performers, higher performers in facial emotion recognition showed greater volume of amygdala (p = 0.032) and caudate (p = 0.036); higher performers in theory of mind showed greater CTh in lingual gyrus (p = 0.006), cuneus (p = 0.024), isthmus cingulate (p = 0.038), greater volumes of putamen (p = 0.016), pallidum (p = 0.029), and amygdala (p = 0.032); patients with higher empathy showed lower cuneus CTh (p = 0.042) and putamen volume (p = 0.007).

Interpretations

SC deficits are present in MS patients since the time of diagnosis and remain persistent along the disease course. Specific basal, limbic, and occipital areas play a significant role in the pathogenesis of these alterations.
National drug strategy addresses themes that include social factors
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: June 2024

Last month's release of the 2024 National Drug Control Strategy appears to have created barely a murmur so far in the policy community — there isn't even a formal media announcement about the strategy's availability on the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) website. Besides its usual focus on past progress and future priorities in interdiction, prevention, treatment, harm reduction and data collection, the newly published strategy addresses the broader social initiatives that can have an impact on the trajectory of addiction and recovery, from housing policy reform to job creation.
Witness overdoses in order to reduce deaths: Study
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2024

In “Evaluation of Strategies to Enhance Community‐Based Naloxone Distribution Supported by an Opioid Settlement,” researchers found that witnessing overdoses (instead of rescuing them after the fact) can reduce deaths by 37% (compared to 9% without that increase). The simulation study by Xiao Zang, Ph.D., and colleagues supports the concept of overdose prevention centers (OPCs) where drug users can go to use drugs, under the observation of people equipped with naloxone. Witnessing overdoses maximizes the use of naloxone purchases with opioid settlement money, according to the study, which is published in the May 30 issue of JAMA Network Open.
Down memory lane with Bob Weiner: Methadone and more
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2024

When we were starting out as a drugs journalist, one of our first sources was Bob Weiner, then press person for the House of Representatives Select Committee on Narcotics, headed by Charles Rangel (D‐NY). Much later, Weiner was press person for Barry McCaffrey, a consultant to an opioid treatment program (OTP) chain who did much good work for methadone treatment promotion. We checked in with Weiner last week, and he sent us some reminiscences.
Elastic Stretch Limit Exceeding 10% for Silicon Wires with Submicron to Micron Diameters
Authors: Xia Xian , Zhang Bingchang , Shi Yihao , Qin Jiahao , Yu Jia , Zhang Xiaohong
Published: June 2024

It is significant to modulate the bandgap of crystalline silicon (c‐Si) by applying large strains on it through controlled stretch. However, investigations on the stretchability of c‐Si are still insufficient, especially for samples with feature sizes in the submicron to micron scale. In this work, the large stretchability of silicon wires with submicron to micron diameters (SiMWs) is reported for the first time by using vapor–liquid–solid grown ultralong SiMWs. The diameters of the SiMW specimens range from 400 nm to 1.8 μm. The loading speed for stretching SiMWs is 100 nm s−1. It is found that the SiMWs with micron diameter have a stretch limit over 10%, while the stretch limit for samples with submicron diameter can reach 12%. The results fill the gaps in the knowledge of micron‐scale silicon materials’ stretchability. The average Young's modulus of SiMWs is measured as 115 GPa. Cyclic loading tests indicate that the tensile deformation of SiMWs is elastic and reversible with no plastic deformation observed. In this work, it is shown that large stretch of SiMWs can be achieved without the need of harsh experimental conditions, which will greatly facilitate the study of large strain engineering on c‐Si to modulate their properties and broaden their applications.
Have a Cake and Eat it Too: A Nanofluidic Hybrid Membrane with Both High Stability and Ionic Conductivity
Authors: Si Lianmeng , Xiao Hong , Xing Wensi , Song Rui , Li Zhaoqi , Li Yiju , Liang Xu , Song Jianwei , Shen Shengping
Published: June 2024

Two‐dimensional  nanofluidic membranes are promising candidates for various applications, such as energy conversion and ionic sensing. However, simultaneously achieving high stability and high ion transport in a nanofluidic membrane remains a great challenge. Herein, a robust and durable aramid nanofiber/carboxylated aramid nanofiber (ANF/cANF) nanofluidic hybrid membrane is designed with high ion conductivity and selectivity via surface grafting engineering and hybridization strategies. Due to the inherent ordered and asymmetric molecular structure, the strong interchain interactions of the ANF and the strong interfacial interactions between the ANF and cANF enable the membrane to exhibit robust structural stability in a wet state. Meanwhile, the enhanced surface charge enabled by the surface functionalization of carboxyl groups on the ANF results in excellent ion transport. As a result, the conductivity of the membrane is 5 and 36 times higher than the ANF membrane and bulk solution, respectively. Importantly, the ionic conductivity and mechanical strength of the membrane remain unchanged even after immersing in water for 90 days, demonstrating favorable underwater application potential. Moreover, the membrane is recyclable and has superior processability, allowing for large‐scale processing. This work provides a new strategy for designing durable and high‐ion‐transporting nanofluidic membranes for ion sensing and energy conversion.
Rapid Self‐Healing of Robust Surface‐Tethered Covalent Adaptable Coatings
Authors: Capets Jacob A. , Yost Sierra F. , Vogt Bryan D. , Pester Christian W.
Published: June 2024

The incorporation of self‐healing properties to repair scratches (or other minor damage) has revolutionized the coating industry by increasing service life, sustainability, and optical appearance. This work addresses challenges with the robustness of self‐healing coatings through the inclusion of surface‐tethered covalently adaptable networks (CANs). Surface‐initiated polymerization is combined with spray‐coating to deposit polymers to produce coatings with reversible crosslinks to the tethered chains. These robust coatings are based on reversible vinylogous urethane bonds using 2‐(acetoacetoxy)ethyl methacrylate‐based polymers and tris(2‐aminoethyl) amine (TREN). Here, TREN enables reversible covalent bonding between the spray‐coated and surface‐tethered polymers. Without this polymer brush layer, the physisorbed CAN coatings fail to self‐heal completely, are labile to solvent, and exhibit shear delamination upon scratching. The utility of this tethered coating approach is highlighted through its ability to autonomously self‐heal incisions within seconds at elevated temperatures, or more steadily under ambient conditions. The key to these advancements is the use of polymer brushes as a primer layer to attach the CAN to enhance healing and improve the environmental robustness of the coating.
Mn(II)‐Aloe‐Emodin Nanoscale Coordination Polymer Enhances Ferroptosis by Synergistically Enhancing Reactive Oxygen Species Generation via the Nrf2–GPX4 Axis
Authors: Yang Xiaoxin , Li Chang , Ge Mengjun , Li Xiaoying , Zhao Wei , Guo Hu , Nie Hemin , Liu Jun
Published: June 2024

Ferroptosis induction is particularly promising for cancer therapy when the apoptosis pathway is compromised. Current strategies in nanomedicine for inducing ferroptosis primarily focus on promoting the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the presence of intracellular antioxidants, such as nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), can limit the effectiveness of such therapy by activating detoxification systems and eliminating ROS. To overcome this challenge, we developed a synergistic ferroptosis‐inducing agent by modifying manganese (Mn2+)–1,8‐dihydroxy‐3‐hydroxymethyl‐anthraquinone (aloe‐emodin, AE) with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) to create nanoparticles (MAP NPs). In the tumor microenvironment, these NPs degraded and released AE and Mn(II), facilitating the generation of ROS and Mn(IV) through a Fenton‐like reaction between hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Mn(II). Mn(IV) subsequently interacts with glutathione (GSH) to induce a cyclic catalytic effect, and the depletion of GSH diminished the activation of glutathione‐dependent peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Furthermore, AE inhibits the activity of Nrf2 and depleted GSH, thereby synergistically enhancing antitumor efficacy. Here it is demonstrated that MAP NPs effectively generate a robust ROS storm within tumor cells, suggesting that high‐performance ferroptosis therapy is effective. Additionally, the inclusion of Mn(II) in the MAP NPs enables real‐time monitoring of therapeutic efficacy via magnetic resonance T1‐weighted contrast imaging.
A Cell Pre‐Wrapping Seeding Technique for Hydrogel‐Based Tubular Organ‐On‐A‐Chip
Authors: Nie Jing , Lou Sha , Pollet Andreas M. A. O. , van Vegchel Manon , Bouten Carlijn V. C. , den Toonder Jaap M. J.
Published: June 2024

Organ‐on‐a‐chip (OOC) models based on microfluidic technology are increasingly used to obtain mechanistic insight into (patho)physiological processes in humans, and they hold great promise for application in drug development and regenerative medicine. Despite significant progress in OOC development, several limitations of conventional microfluidic devices pose challenges. First, most microfluidic systems have rectangular cross sections and flat walls, and therefore tubular/ curved structures, like blood vessels and nephrons, are not well represented. Second, polymers used as base materials for microfluidic devices are much stiffer than in vivo extracellular matrix (ECM). Finally, in current cell seeding methods, challenges exist regarding precise control over cell seeding location, unreachable spaces due to flow resistances, and restricted dimensions/geometries. To address these limitations, an alternative cell seeding technique and a corresponding workflow is introduced to create circular cross‐sectioned tubular OOC models by pre‐wrapping cells around sacrificial fiber templates. As a proof of concept, a perfusable renal proximal tubule‐on‐a‐chip is demonstrated with a diameter as small as 50 µm, cellular tubular structures with branches and curvature, and a preliminary vascular‐renal tubule interaction model. The cell pre‐wrapping seeding technique promises to enable the construction of diverse physiological/pathological models, providing tubular OOC systems for mechanistic investigations and drug development.
Lefamulin Overcomes Acquired Drug Resistance via Regulating Mitochondrial Homeostasis by Targeting ILF3 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zheng Ying , Ye Shengtao , Huang Shiyu , Cheng Yang , Zhang Yanqiu , Leng Yingrong , He Mengmeng , Wu Enyi , Chen Junxin , Kong Lingyi , Zhang Hao
Published: June 2024

Acquired resistance represents a critical clinical challenge to molecular targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, it is urgent to explore new mechanisms and therapeutics that can overcome or delay resistance. Here, a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved pleuromutilin antibiotic is identified that overcomes sorafenib resistance in HCC cell lines, cell line‐derived xenograft (CDX) and hydrodynamic injection mouse models. It is demonstrated that lefamulin targets interleukin enhancer‐binding factor 3 (ILF3) to increase the sorafenib susceptibility of HCC via impairing mitochondrial function. Mechanistically, lefamulin directly binds to the Alanine‐99 site of ILF3 protein and interferes with acetyltransferase general control non‐depressible 5 (GCN5) and CREB binding protein (CBP) mediated acetylation of Lysine‐100 site, which disrupts the ILF3‐mediated transcription of mitochondrial ribosomal protein L12 (MRPL12) and subsequent mitochondrial biogenesis. Clinical data further confirm that high ILF3 or MRPL12 expression is associated with poor survival and targeted therapy efficacy in HCC. Conclusively, this findings suggest that ILF3 is a potential therapeutic target for overcoming resistance to TKIs, and lefamulin may be a novel combination therapy strategy for HCC treatment with sorafenib and regorafenib.
Zwitterion‐Lubricated Hydrogel Microspheres Encapsulated with Metformin Ameliorate Age‐Associated Osteoarthritis
Authors: Hou Jiahui , Lin Yanpeng , Zhu Chencheng , Chen Yupeng , Lin Rongmin , Lin Hancheng , Liu Dahai , Guan Daogang , Yu Bin , Wang Jun , Wu Hangtian , Cui Zhuang
Published: June 2024

Chondrocyte senescence and reduced lubrication play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of age‐related osteoarthritis (OA). In the present study, highly lubricated and drug‐loaded hydrogel microspheres are designed and fabricated through the radical polymerization of sulfobetaine (SB)‐modified hyaluronic acid methacrylate using microfluidic technology. The copolymer contains a large number of SB and carboxyl groups that can provide a high degree of lubrication through hydration and form electrostatic loading interactions with metformin (Met@SBHA), producing a high drug load for anti‐chondrocyte senescence. Mechanical, tribological, and drug release analyses demonstrated enhanced lubricative properties and prolonged drug dissemination of the Met@SBHA microspheres. RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) analysis, network pharmacology, and in vitro assays revealed the extraordinary capacity of Met@SBHA to combat chondrocyte senescence. Additionally, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been identified as a promising protein modulated by Met in senescent chondrocytes, thereby exerting a significant influence on the iNOS/ONOO‐/P53 pathway. Notably, the intra‐articular administration of Met@SBHA in aged mice ameliorated cartilage senescence and OA pathogenesis. Based on the findings of this study, Met@SBHA emerges as an innovative and promising strategy in tackling age‐related OA serving the dual function of enhancing joint lubrication and mitigating cartilage senescence.
Emerging 2D Nanomaterials‐Integrated Hydrogels: Advancements in Designing Theragenerative Materials for Bone Regeneration and Disease Therapy
Authors: Zorrón Melanie , Cabrera Agustín López , Sharma Riya , Radhakrishnan Janani , Abbaszadeh Samin , Shahbazi Mohammad‐Ali , Tafreshi Omid Aghababaei , Karamikamkar Solmaz , Maleki Hajar
Published: June 2024

This review highlights recent advancements in the synthesis, processing, properties, and applications of 2D‐material integrated hydrogels, with a focus on their performance in bone‐related applications. Various synthesis methods and types of 2D nanomaterials, including graphene, graphene oxide, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, and MXene are discussed, along with strategies for their incorporation into hydrogel matrices. These composite hydrogels exhibit tunable mechanical properties, high surface area, strong near‐infrared (NIR) photon absorption and controlled release capabilities, making them suitable for a range of regeneration and therapeutic applications. In cancer therapy, 2D‐material‐based hydrogels show promise for photothermal and photodynamic therapies, and drug delivery (chemotherapy). The photothermal properties of these materials enable selective tumor ablation upon NIR irradiation, while their high drug‐loading capacity facilitates targeted and controlled release of chemotherapeutic agents. Additionally, 2D‐materials ‐infused hydrogels exhibit potent antibacterial activity, making them effective against multidrug‐resistant infections and disruption of biofilm generated on implant surface. Moreover, their synergistic therapy approach combines multiple treatment modalities such as photothermal, chemo, and immunotherapy to enhance therapeutic outcomes. In bio‐imaging, these materials serve as versatile contrast agents and imaging probes, enabling their real‐time monitoring during tumor imaging. Furthermore, in bone regeneration, most 2D‐materials incorporated hydrogels promote osteogenesis and tissue regeneration, offering potential solutions for bone defects repair. Overall, the integration of 2D materials into hydrogels presents a promising platform for developing multifunctional theragenerative biomaterials.
Targeting Hydrogel for Intelligent Recognition and Spatiotemporal Control in Cell‐Based Therapeutics
Authors: Hou Weilin , Mao Wei , Sun Jun , Liu Zhiqiang , Shen Wei , Lee Hian Kee , Tang Sheng
Published: June 2024

Smart drug platforms based on spatiotemporally controlled release and integration of tumor imaging are expected to overcome the inefficiency and uncertainty of traditional theranostic modes. In this study, a composite consisting of a thermosensitive hydrogel (polyvinyl alcohol‐carboxylic acid hydrogel (PCF)) and a multifunctional nanoparticle (Fe3O4@Au/Mn(Zn)‐4‐carboxyphenyl porphyrin/polydopamine (FAMxP)) is developed to combine tumor immunogenic cell death (ICD)/immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy under the guidance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorescence imaging (FI). It can not only further recognize the target cells through the folate receptor of tumor cells, but also produce thermal dissolution after exposure to near‐infrared light to slowly release FAMxP in situ, thereby prolonging the treatment time and avoiding tumor recurrence. As FAMxP entered the tumor cells, it released FAMx in a pH‐dependent manner. Chemodynamic, photothermal and photodynamic therapy can cause significant ICD in cancer cells. ICB can thus be further enhanced by injecting anti‐programmed cell death ligand 1, improving the effectiveness of tumor treatment. The developed PCF‐FAMxP composite hydrogel may represent an updated drug design approach with simple compositions for cooperative MRI/FI‐guided targeted therapeutic pathways for tumors.
Blue Luminescent Boron Complexes Based on N,N‐Type Imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridine Ligand for Mitochondrial Imaging
Authors: Yagishita Fumitoshi , Katayama Tetsuro , Kawamura Yuta , Watanabe Guran , Abe Sota , Ogawa Itsuki , Tabata Atsushi , Yoshida Yasushi , Masu Hyuma , Ueta Shoko , Arakawa Yukihiro , Minagawa Keiji , Furube Akihiro , Imada Yasushi
Published: June 2024

We have synthesized two boron complexes based on N,N‐type bidentate imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridine ligands exhibiting blue emission with good quantum yields in solution. The transient absorption and theoretical studies of the boron complexes indicated the intramolecular charge transfer nature. In addition, one specific complex, 1 a was found to work as a mitochondrial imaging agent.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Isoquinoline Sulfone Compounds and Study of their Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase Enzyme Activity
Authors: Peng Zhixiong , Huang Jiayu , Chen Yao , Liu Ke , Xiong Yunkui
Published: June 2024

Both of sulfone compounds and isoqunoline derivatives are important compounds. In this paper, Isoquinoline C1 and C3 Sulfone compounds have been synthesized by electrochemical means using isoquinoline N‐Oxides and some sodium benzenesulfinate as reactants, inexpensive and easily available sodium iodide as electrolytes, and a mixture of acetonitrile, water and acetic acid as reaction solvents. By using the method, a series of isoquinoline sulfone compounds have been synthesized in high yields. The reaction does not need oxidants and catalysts, and the reaction conditions are mild, environmentally friendly, efficient and suitable. In addition, we also carried out ALS enzyme inhibition experiments on the synthesized isoquinoline sulfone compounds, six of the isoquinoline sulfone compounds synthesized herein were found to inhibit ALS enzyme at a high rate, four of them inhibited ALS enzyme at a rate comparable to that of the commercialized herbicides Halosulfuron and Broadstrike, and the other two compounds also inhibited ALS enzyme at a rate higher than that of Halosulfuron and Broadstrike. Therefore, it is possible to find lead compounds with good herbicidal activity potential from these 6 compounds.
Temporal patterns of gut microbiota in lemurs (Eulemur rubriventer) living in intact and disturbed habitats in a novel sample type
Authors: Grieneisen Laura , Hays Allison , Cook Erica , Blekhman Ran , Tecot Stacey
Published: June 2024

The gut microbiome is a plastic phenotype; gut microbial composition is highly variable across an individual host's lifetime and between host social groups, and this variation has consequences for host health. However, we do not yet fully understand how longitudinal microbial dynamics and their social drivers may be influenced by ecological stressors, such as habitat degradation. Answering these questions is difficult in most wild animal systems, as it requires long‐term collections of matched host, microbiome, and environmental trait data. To test if temporal and social influences on microbiome composition differ by the history of human disturbance, we leveraged banked, desiccated fecal samples collected over 5 months in 2004 from two ecologically distinct populations of wild, red‐bellied lemurs (Eulemur rubriventer) that are part of a long‐term study system. We found that social group explained more variation in microbiome composition than host population membership did, and that temporal variation in common microbial taxa was similar between populations, despite differences in history of human disturbance. Furthermore, we found that social group membership and collection month were both more important than individual lemur identity. Taken together, our results suggest that synchronized environments use can lead to synchronized microbial dynamics over time, even between habitats of varying quality, and that desiccated samples could become a viable approach for studying primate gut microbiota. Our work opens the door for other projects to utilize historic biological sample data sets to answer novel temporal microbiome questions in an ecological context.
Placental cord insertion migration: Implications for ultrasound documentation and follow‐up of abnormal placental cord insertion site
Authors: Ward Samantha , Sun Zhonghua , Maresse Sharon
Published: June 2024

Introduction/Purpose

It is well‐documented in the literature that the placenta migrates during pregnancy; however, studies regarding placental cord insertion (PCI) migration are scarce. This longitudinal, prospective study aimed to determine whether PCI migration is a true phenomenon, to assess whether the PCI can change classification during pregnancy and to determine the validity of PCI site documentation including follow‐up of abnormal PCI.

Methods

Eighty‐three participants who had first, second and third trimester ultrasound examinations at a Western Australian private imaging practice over a 12‐month period between November 2021 and November 2022 were recruited. The measured distance of the lower margin of the placenta to the cervix, the distance of the PCI to the closest placental edge and the PCI classification were documented in each trimester. Data analysis was conducted to determine PCI migration rates during pregnancy and to test for association between PCI migration and maternal and placental factors.

Results

The PCI migrated during pregnancy and the PCI classification has the potential to evolve. All identifiable PCIs that were normal in first trimester remained so throughout the pregnancy. The majority (67.6%) of cord insertions that were marginal in first trimester progressed to a normal insertion site by third trimester; 23.5% remained marginal and 8.8% evolved to a velamentous insertion. Three velamentous cord insertions were recorded in first trimester, none of which normalised—two remained velamentous during the pregnancy and one evolved to marginal in second trimester. Marginal cord insertions (MCIs) ≤10 mm from the placental edge in second trimester remained marginal in third trimester; MCIs that were >15 mm from the placental edge in second trimester normalised in third trimester.

Conclusions

Placental cord insertion migration is a phenomenon that occurs during pregnancy with the potential for PCI classification to evolve. Due to the association between abnormal PCI and perinatal complications, coupled with the potential for marginal cord insertion to evolve, documentation of PCI and follow‐up of abnormal PCI is beneficial, particularly in cases of velamentous insertion and marginal insertion at the placental edge or in the lower uterus.
Gray matter volume mediates the association of long‐term blood pressure variability with cognitive function in an adult population
Authors: Li Xiaoshuai , Hui Ying , Shi Huijing , Li Rui , Lv Han , Wu Yuntao , Li Jing , Zhang Shun , Liang Xiaoliang , Chen Shuohua , Zhao Pengfei , Wu Shouling , Wang Zhenchang
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION

We delineated the associations among long‐term blood pressure variability (BPV), brain structure, and cognitive function.

METHODS

We included 1254 adult participants from the Kailuan study. BPV was calculated from 2006 to 2020. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were conducted in 2020.

RESULTS

Higher systolic BPV (SBPV) and diastolic BPV (DBPV) were associated with lower total and frontal gray matter (GM) volume, and higher SBPV was associated with lower temporal GM volume. Elevated DBPV was associated with lower volume of total brain and parietal GM, and higher white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume. Higher SBPV and DBPV were associated with lower MoCA scores. Decreased total and regional GM volume and increased WMH volume were associated with lower MoCA scores. The association between SBPV and cognitive function was mediated by total, frontal, and temporal GM volume.

DISCUSSION

GM volume may play key roles in the association between SBPV and cognitive function.

Highlights

SBPV and DBPV were negatively associated with total and regional brain volume.

SBPV and DBPV were negatively associated with cognitive function.

Decreased brain volume was associated with cognitive decline.

GM volume mediated the negative association between SBPV and cognitive function.
Efficient Capture and Low Energy Release of NH3 by Azophenol Decorated Photoresponsive Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Tian Xiaoxin , Zhao Xiao , Wang Zhenzhen , Shi Yunlei , Li Zhiyong , Qiu Jikuan , Wang Huiyong , Zhang Suojiang , Wang Jianji
Published: June 2024

In NH3 capture technologies, the desorption process is usually driven by high temperature and low pressure (such as 150–200 °C under vacuum), which accounts for intensive energy consumption and CO2 emission. Developing light responsive adsorbent is promising in this regard but remains a great challenge. Here, we for the first time designed and synthesized a light responsive azophenol‐containing covalent organic framework (COF), COF‐HNU38, to address this challenge. We found that at 25 °C and 1.0 bar, the cis ‐COF exhibited a NH3 uptake capacity of 7.7 mmol g−1 and a NH3/N2 selectivity of 158. In the adsorbed NH3, about 29.0 % could be removed by vis‐light irradiated cis‐trans isomerization at 25 °C, and the remaining NH3 might be released at 25 °C under vacuum. Almost no decrease in adsorption capacity was observed after eight adsorption‐desorption cycles. As such, an efficient NH3 capture and low energy release strategy was established thanks to the multiple hydrogen bond interactions (which are strong in total but weak in individuals) between NH3 and the smart COF, as well as the increased polarity and number of hydrogen bond sites after the trans‐cis isomerization.
Simultaneously Strengthening and Toughening All‐Natural Structural Materials via 3D Nanofiber Network Interfacial Design
Authors: Yang Huai‐Bin , Zhao Xiang , Wang Quan , Ruan Yu‐Hong , Liu Zhao‐Xiang , Yue Xin , Zhu Yin Bo , Wu Heng An , Guan Qing‐Fang , Yu Shu‐Hong
Published: June 2024

Constructing structural materials from sustainable raw materials is considered an efficient way to reduce the potential threat posed by plastics. Nevertheless, challenges remain regarding combining excellent mechanical and thermal properties, especially the balance of strength and toughness. Here, we report a 3D nanofiber network interfacial design strategy to strengthen and toughen all‐natural structural materials simultaneously. The introduced protonated chitosan at the interface between the surface oxidized 3D nanonetwork of bacterial cellulose forms the interfacial interlocking structure of nanonetworks, achieving a robust physical connection and providing enough physical contact sites for chemical crosslinking. The obtained sustainable structural material successfully integrates excellent mechanical and thermal properties on the nanoscale of cellulose nanofibers, such as light weight, high strength, and superior thermal expansion coefficient. The relationship between structural design and comprehensive mechanical property improvement is analyzed in detail, providing a universal perspective to design sustainable high‐performance structural materials from nanoscale building blocks.
Electrochemical Imaging of Precisely‐Defined Redox and Reactive Interfaces
Authors: Edgecomb Joseph , Nguyen Dan Thien , Tan Shuai , Murugesan Vijayakumar , Johnson Grant E. , Prabhakaran Venkateshkumar
Published: June 2024

Understanding the diverse electrochemical reactions occurring at electrode‐electrolyte interfaces (EEIs) is a critical challenge to developing more efficient energy conversion and storage technologies. Establishing a predictive molecular‐level understanding of solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) is challenging due to the presence of multiple intertwined chemical and electrochemical processes occurring at battery electrodes. Similarly, chemical conversions in reactive electrochemical systems are often influenced by the heterogeneous distribution of active sites, surface defects, and catalyst particle sizes. In this mini review, we highlight an emerging field of interfacial science that isolates the impact of specific chemical species by preparing precisely‐defined EEIs and visualizing the reactivity of their individual components using single‐entity characterization techniques. We highlight the broad applicability and versatility of these methods, along with current state‐of‐the‐art instrumentation and future opportunities for these approaches to address key scientific challenges related to batteries, chemical separations, and fuel cells. We establish that controlled preparation of well‐defined electrodes combined with single entity characterization will be crucial to filling key knowledge gaps and advancing the theories used to describe and predict chemical and physical processes occurring at EEIs and accelerating new materials discovery for energy applications.
High toughness antifreeze conductive double network zwitterionic gel electrolyte for flexible supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Yifan , Zhang Xinyu , Ji Peilong , Meng Guihua , Wu Jianning , Cui Lin , Liu Zhiyong , Tai Yanlong
Published: June 2024

Flexible wearable supercapacitors based on hydrogel electrolyte are considered as flexible energy storage device with great potential. However, polymer gel electrolytes contain a large number of water molecules, which can easily freeze at sub‐zero temperatures, thus severely inhibiting ion transport. The ionic conductivity, cyclic stability and mechanical properties of gel electrolytes decrease at low temperatures (below −25°C), which seriously hinders the application of flexible wearable supercapacitors. In order to improve the mechanical properties and ensure the excellent ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, a freezing‐resistant gel electrolyte constructed by supramolecular self‐assembly, which has a wide temperature range from 25 to −80°C, stable ionic conductivity and ultra‐high mechanical strength. Low‐temperature‐resistant gel electrolytes, called flexible supercapacitor‐SBMA‐co‐PVA‐AA/CaCl2 (FSAPC), have been designed and prepared by molecular‐scale supramolecular self‐assembly of rigid [2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl(3‐sulfopropyl) polymer chains and flexible poly(vinyl alcohol) polymer chains, and the test results showed that the gel electrolyte ‐SBMA‐co‐PVA‐AA/CaCl2 (PSAPC) has excellent conductivity of 34.07 mS cm−1 at 25°C, the flexible supercapacitor has a specific capacity of 8.57 Wh kg−1, and the capacity retention rate is 91.2% even after 5000 cycles at −25°C, excellent conductivity at −25°C for 31.88 mS cm−1 and at −80°C for 35.34 mS cm−1. The potential applications of the amphiphilic ionic gel electrolyte in the industrial development of low‐temperature resistant supercapacitors are noteworthy.
From masks to muscles: Mapping facial structure of Nycticebus
Authors: Weldon A. , Burrows A. M. , Wirdateti W. , Nugraha T. P. , Supriatna N. , Smith Timothy D. , Nekaris K. A. I.
Published: June 2024

Facial musculature in mammals underlies mastication and nonverbal communicative facial displays. Our understanding of primate facial expression comes primarily from haplorrhines (monkeys and apes), while our understanding of strepsirrhine (lemurs and lorises) facial expression remains incomplete. We examined the facial muscles of six specimens from three Nycticebus species (Nycticebus coucang, Nycticebus javanicus, and Nycticebus menagensis) using traditional dissection methodology and novel three‐dimensional facial scanning to produce a detailed facial muscle map, and compared these results to another nocturnal strepsirrhine genus, the greater bushbaby (Otolemur spp.). We observed 19 muscles with no differences among Nycticebus specimens. A total of 17 muscles were observed in both Nycticebus and Otolemur, with little difference in attachment and function but some difference in directionality of movement. In the oral region, we note the presence of the depressor anguli oris, which has been reported in other primate species but is absent in Otolemur. The remaining muscle is a previously undescribed constrictor nasalis muscle located on the lateral nasal alar region, likely responsible for constriction of the nares. We propose this newly described muscle may relate to vomeronasal organ functioning and the importance of the use of nasal musculature in olfactory communication. We discuss how this combined methodology enabled imaging of small complex muscles. We further discuss how the facial anatomy of Nycticebus spp. relates to their unique physiology and behavioral ecology.
Advanced Molecular Layer Deposition of SixZnyOz Thin Film Coatings for Improved Electrochemical Performance of NMC811
Authors: Akella Sri Harsha , Mukherjee Ayan , Lidor‐Shalev Ortal , Bashkurov Roman , Wang Yang , Buchine Isaac , Wang Longlong , Zysler Melina , Ejgenberg Michal , Kravchuk Tatyana , Kozen Alexander C. , Bravo‐Zhivotovskii Dmitry , Apeloig Yitzhak , Lee Sang Bok , Fan Xiulin , Leskes Michal , Noked Malachi
Published: June 2024

The practical realization of Nickel‐rich layered oxide cathode materials such as LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) is hampered by several structural and interfacial instabilities over prolonged cycling. Several reports have proposed surface passivation via an artificial cathode electrolyte interphase (ACEI) as a promising method for mitigating the parasitic reactions affecting NMC811 while simultaneously improving its electrochemical performance over prolonged cycling. Herein, we report an in‐house designed (tBuMe2Si)2Zn single source precursor for developing SixZnyOz ternary CEI thin films on NMC811 via molecular layer deposition (MLD) in combination with O3 or H2O as oxidizing agent. We demonstrate that the single precursor (tBuMe2Si)2Zn avoids the need for two different precursors (Si & Zn). In‐depth spectroscopic studies reveal the mechanism of the formation of organosiloxane/zinc‐oxide composite thin film, via intermediates of unprecedented organo‐silicon‐zinc compounds. Understanding the reaction mechanism paved the path for a successful deposition of ACEI on NMC811. Rate capability studies shows the ACEI protected cathodes exhibit higher discharge capacity at 4 C than pristine NMC811. Furthermore, studies on full cells with graphite anode were conducted to evaluate the practical viability of SixZnyOz ACEI thin films on NMC811. After prolonged cycling the ACEI‐coated NMC811 full cells significantly improved the electrochemical performance than pristine NMC811 by ~12%.