bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chitosan-based foliar application modulated the yield and biochemical attributes of peach (Prunus persica L.) cv. Early Grand
Authors: Sajid Muhammad , Basit Abdul , Ullah Zafar , Shah Syed Tanveer , Ullah Izhar , Mohamed Heba I. , Ullah Inayat
Published: September 2020

Background

Peach fruits are highly perishable leading to many pre- and post-harvest problems, which adds to the reduction in the potential yield and productivity. Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide, produced after alkaline chitin deacetylation. It is one of the most preferred biopolymers due to its biocompatibility, antioxidant, anticancer, biodegradability, antimicrobial, and non-toxic properties as well as being an economical material. A pre-harvesting experiment was carried out based on the problems of peach and the importance of chitosan.

Results

Peach trees were foliar sprayed with different concentrations of chitosan (0, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0%) at different times (30, 50, and 70 days after full bloom) to elucidate the effect of chitosan to peach yield and fruit quality. The results showed that foliar application of chitosan (1%) caused significant increases in fruit weight, volume, tree yield−1, fruit firmness, titratable acidity, and ascorbic acid content but caused significant decreases in total soluble solid fruit juice pH and disease incidence of peach fruit. Similarly, foliar application of chitosan after 50 days of full bloom increased fruit weight, volume, yield tree−1, firmness, titratable acidity, and ascorbic acid content with the number of fruit kg−1, total soluble solids, juice pH, and disease incidence as compared to other application times.

Conclusions

It is concluded that chitosan at 1% applied after 50 days of full bloom improved most of the peach attributes studied compared to the other concentrations of chitosan at 0.50 and 0.75, and control for the production of quality peach fruit.
Proximate and mineral compositions of Samia cynthia ricini and Dytiscus marginalis, commonly consumed by the Bodo tribe in Assam, India
Authors: Choudhury Kushal , Sarma Dipamani , Sapruna Pforeni Jane , Soren Amar Deep
Published: September 2020

Background

Entomophagy, the consumption of insects, is a common practice among various tribal communities across the globe. Various factors such as flavour, nutrient content, availability and claimed medicinal values have contributed to the increased consumption of insects. Two commonly consumed insects among the Bodo tribe in Assam, namely,Samia cynthia riciniBoisduval, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) andDytiscus marginalisLinnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae), were procured from local markets in Kokrajhar and evaluated for their proximate and mineral contents using Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) guidelines and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Both the insects are available throughout the year and are consumed on a large scale.

Results

S. cynthia ricinishowed higher contents of moisture (7.89 ± 0.020%), ash (4.10 ± 0.077%), fat (22.23 ± 0.209%) and carbohydrate (7.78 ± 0.057%) whereas higher contents of crude fibre (14.28 ± 0.102%), protein (56.37 ± 0.366%) and nitrogen (9.02 ± 0.058%) were observed inD. marginalis. The calorific value ofS. cynthia riciniwas higher with 430.19 ± 2.241 kcal whereasD. marginalisshowed a lower value of 382.58 ± 1.527 kcal.D. marginalisshowed the presence of arsenic (As) (0.014 ppm), and sodium (Na) was not detected.S. cynthia ricinidid not show the presence of As and magnesium (Mg). Lead (Pb) showed a value of 0.026 and 0.044 ppm, and cadmium (Cd) showed a value of 0.005 and 0.005 ppm inS. cynthia riciniandD. marginalisrespectively.

Conclusions

Both the studied insects showed high protein and fat contents and a high calorific value. Although the insects show the presence of several essential minerals in considerable amounts, they showed the presence of toxic heavy metals in trace amounts. Hence, their consumption must be done in a controlled manner owing to the presence of As, Pb and Cd which are capable of causing adverse reactions in its consumers.
The effect of sex on suicide risk during and after psychiatric inpatient care in 12 countries—An ecological study
Authors: Listabarth Stephan , Vyssoki Benjamin , Glahn Alexander , Gmeiner Andrea , Pruckner Nathalie , Vyssoki Sandra , Wippel Andreas , Waldhoer Thomas , König Daniel
Published: September 2020

Background.

Suicide risk in patients is markedly elevated during psychiatric inpatient care, as well as after discharge. However, it is unclear whether, and to what extent, this increased suicide risk varies between sex. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze sex differences for suicides during and after psychiatric hospitalization in various countries.

Methods.

National suicide mortality rates and inpatient-related suicide rates (three intervals: during psychiatric inpatient treatment, 1 month, and 1 year after discharge) from 12 countries for 2000–2016 were analyzed, and a logistic model was used to quantify the effect of sex.

Results.

Persons admitted to or discharged from psychiatric inpatient care exhibited significantly increased rates of suicide compared to those in the general population. Furthermore, increase of suicide risk was significantly higher for females than for males for all investigated time intervals (inpatient suicide odds ratio [OR] 1.85; suicide within 1 month after discharge—OR 1.94; suicide within 1 year after discharge—OR 2.04).

Conclusion.

Analysis confirmed the time during and after psychiatric inpatient care to be significantly associated with an elevated risk for suicide. Further, a significant sex effect was observed, with females in this population being at a proportionally higher risk for suicide during psychiatric inpatient treatment as well as the year following discharge. Our study implicates that more effective suicide preventive measures during inpatient stay, focusing on female patients, are needed.
Approaches to evaluate spatial and temporal variability of deep marine sediment characteristics under the impact of dense water formation events
Authors: DURRIEU de MADRON XAVIER , STABHOLZ MARION , HEIMBÜRGER-BOAVIDA LARS-ERIC , AUBERT DOMINIQUE , KERHERVÉ PHILIPPE , LUDWIG WOLFGANG
Published: September 2020

Dense shelf water cascading and open-ocean convection frequently occurs in the Gulf of Lions, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. These intense dense water formation events are capable of supplying large amounts of particulate matter as well as remobilizing and dispersing local sediments and, therefore, are thought to leave an imprint on superficial deposits. Here, we compared the spatial variability of the superficial sediment composition (grain size, organic parameters, and metals) at different scales (from decimetric to kilometric) on the continental slope and rise with the temporal variability linked to the occurrence of intense dense water formation events. The spatial and temporal variability of the geochemical composition of deep sediments was assessed using multivariate and geostatistical analysis. The results indicate that, on the outer reach of the Cap de Creus Canyon, where both processes interact, no clear relation was found between the temporal variability of the superficial sediment and the deep-water formation events, and that the small-scale spatial variability of the sediment is masking the temporal variability. Measurements across the southern slope indicate the presence of a somehow distinct geochemical signature that likely results from the influence of recurrent intense, dense water formation events as well as an unabating bottom trawling activity.
Σημείωμα του Διευθυντή Σύνταξης
Authors: Μαραβέγιας Ναπολέων
Published: September 2020

Not available
Εισαγωγή
Authors: Ανδρέου Γιώργος
Published: September 2020

Not available
The Capacity of the European Union to Finance Public Policies: Multi-Annual Financial Frameworks in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Oikonomou Giorgio , Natsios Elias , Kazantzis Konstandinos
Published: September 2020

This paper aims at examining the fi scal capacity of the EU by focusing on the Multiannual Financial Frameworks (MFFs). Taking into consideration the policy areas fi nanced by the EU budget, the analysis draws on the MFFs 2007-2013 and 2014-2020, and compares them with the proposed by the Commission MFF 2021-2027. The main objective is to shed light on the evolution of the MFFs by utilizing empirical data, fi nancial reports, and other policy papers. Drawing on the historical institutionalism literature, the main hypothesis is that the evolution of the MFFs follows an incremental path, and no substantial change whatsoever is observed with regard to the fi scal capacity of the EU; however, the ongoing negotiations with regard to the MFF 2021-2027 can be considered as critical, due to the fact that they can produce punctuated dynamics and discontinuities, thus change, with regard to the available financial resources for specific policy fields.
Ευημερία, Παραγωγικότητα και Ανταγωνιστικότητα σε επίπεδο Περιφέρειας: Ο ρόλος των Θεσμών
Authors: Χύμης Αθανάσιος
Published: September 2020

The article, at a fi rst step, shows the evolution of wellbeing, as it is measured by the Gross Domestic Product - GDP (corrected by the purchasing power parity), as well as competitiveness as it is measured by the Regional Competitiveness Index - RDI which the European Commission publishes every three years since 2010. At a second step, using data from the annual Global Competitiveness Reports of the World Economic Forum the article illustrates the relation between competitiveness and wellbeing and points out the factors that affect competitiveness focusing on institutions. Institutions are the most prominent pillar of competitiveness and they directly affect economic growth and development at both regional and national level.
The enforcement of statewide mask wearing mandates to prevent COVID-19 in the US: an overview
Authors: Jacobs Philip , Ohinmaa Arvi P.
Published: September 2020

Face masks have become the bulwark of COVID-19 prevention in the US.  Between 10 April and 1 August, 2020, 33 state governors issued orders requiring businesses to require their customers and employees to wear face masks, and persons outdoors who could not social distance  to do the same. We documented the policies and enforcement actions for these policies in each of the states.  We used governors’ orders and journalists’ news reports as our sources. Our results show that the states used a variety of state and local (county and municipality) agencies to enforce business prevention behaviors and primarily local  law enforcement agencies to enforce outside mask-wearing behaviours. In particular, law enforcement officers demonstrated a strong preference for educating non-mask wearers, and indicated a reluctance to resort to civil penalties that were enacted in the state orders.  Businesses expressed a preference to have government agencies enforce non-mask wearing behaviours.  But there was also a widespread reluctance on the part of local law enforcement  to resort to legal remedies.
Threats to the organization's personnel security
Authors: Kuznecova Natal'ya
Published: September 2020

The monograph examines theoretical approaches to the essence of threats to personnel security and assesses their severity. The article examines current trends and approaches in the field of countering threats to the personnel security of organizations.

It is intended for teachers, postgraduates and senior students of economic higher educational institutions, specialists in the field of human resources management.
Artistic designing of costume
Authors: Kozlova Tat'yana
Published: September 2020

The monograph deals with the problems related to the concept of the fashion mechanism and its prediction, issues of culture and aesthetics of modern costume. A new methodological structural-anthropological approach to costume analysis is presented, and the basic principles of constructing a method of artistic costume design in industrial conditions are presented.

For fashion designers and other professionals involved in the artistic design of clothing.
Integrated Lesson As a Form of Organizing Interdisciplinary Interaction
Authors: Zharkovskaya T. , Sinel'nikov I.
Published: September 2020

Opportunities of integrative lessons as a way of interdisciplinary interaction and revision of the educational content are considered in the article. It is shown as the organization of such lessons around considering different problem points (historical, ethical, biological etc.) creates opportunities for multidimensional world’s view forming, including highest values of science, culture for using by students knowledge and skills necessary in solving difficult actual problems of contemporary world.
Problems and Interests in Teaching Programming
Authors: Razumovskiy Aleksey , Sizova Ludmila N.
Published: September 2020

The importance of understanding the mechanics of the processes of transfer and perception of knowledge among students of technical universities is still relevant today. This article discusses the possibility of activating various interests among students-programmers on the basis of creating a special artificial environment for the interaction of the teacher with the students. Some limiting properties of the forms of transmission and assimilation of knowledge are studied: minimization of the terminological base, maximization of the definiteness, concreteness and repetition of the term. The research methodology included a three-stage semester survey, as well as a final survey of students. Conclusions were made about the unconditional possibility of transferring knowledge to those students-programmers who either have already formed some skill and have a corresponding cognitive interest in the subject, or when through the creation of special artificial environments, interest can be ignited. This is achieved by reducing the number of meaningful terms, as well as through their well-understood and practical use. A direct relationship between the quality of teaching and the degree of personal interaction between teacher and student was also found.
Rheological, Tribological, and Sensory Analysis of Coconut-Oil-Modified Coconut Milk Kefir
Authors: Aussanasuwannakul Aunchalee , Puntaburt Kassamaporn , Treesuwan Witcha
Published: September 2020

Kefir made of coconut milk (CM) was developed as an alternative healthy beverage for elderly people. Coconut oil (CO; 0–15%) was added to modify the texture and mouthfeel of the final product. This study aimed to determine the viscosity, flow behavior, frictional properties, textural attributes, and oral processing time of the fermented CM beverage. We have defined the optimum level of CO that gives stability to the product and triggers specific sensory perceptions associated with viscosity and body characteristics. The sensation of roughness, a surface-related property, was also observed and dominated the later stage of oral processing. The current study describes the unique sensations that characterize the CO-modified CM kefir that targets elderly consumers. In addition to its nutritional benefits, CO can be added to enhance the perception of texture and mouthfeel when drinking the fermented beverage.
Optimization of Extraction Process Parameter for Rice Bran Protein Concentrate and its Utilization in High Protein Biscuit Formulation
Authors: Akter Dilruba , Begum Rokeya , Rahman Md. Nannur , Talukder Nasim , Alam Md. Jahangir
Published: September 2020

In the present study rice bran protein concentrate (RBPC) was extracted from defatted rice bran by alkali extraction method and the extracted protein concentrate was characterized and utilized in biscuit production. Protein concentrate was extracted from rice bran at different rice bran water ratio (25.86-54.14) and solution pH (8.09-10.91). The extraction parameters were optimized by response surface methodology. Optimum conditions for protein concentrate extraction ratio were 1:40.77 bran/water and 9.55 pH of solution. At the optimum conditions the extraction yield of protein concentrate was 11.76% and protein content was 36.29% where native rice bran contained 20.78% protein. RBPC contained most of essential amino acids except tryptophan and phenylalanine, among them arginine was the highest 2.27 mg/100g and the lowest was histidine 0.59 mg/100g. RBPC also contained non-essential amino acid like aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, alanine, glycine and tyrosine. The emulsifying capacity, emulsion stability, water absorption capacity, bulk density and oil absorption capacity of RBPC were 56 percent, 36 min, 3.02 g/g, 0.49 g/ml and 1.72 g/g respectively. A 5% rice bran protein concentrate supplemented biscuits upgrade the total protein content in biscuits from 7.54 to 9.13. Therefore, utilization of RBPC can be beneﬁcially achieved through formulation of protein enriched biscuits with enhanced nutritional value especially for malnourished or undernourished people.
Glycemic and Insulinemic Responses of Multi-Grain Types of Bread Marketed in Jordan
Authors: Alkurd Refat Ahmad , Takruri Hamed Rabah , Muwalla Marwan M. , Arafat Tawfiq A.
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Bread is the staple food in Jordan and there are plenty of bread types advertised there as healthy and multi-grain breads. These breads have diverse health and nutritional effects. This research aimed at studying the glycemic and insulinemic responses of 6 types of multi-grain breads marketed in Jordan, in addition to the local white bread, and verifying the nutrient and health claims of these breads. Methods: The glycemic and insulinemic responses were obtained in 10 participants (5 males and 5 females) according to the standard method. Six types of test breads (TB1 – TB6) were tested against white bread (WB) as a reference. Results: Among all the 6 tested breads and the local white bread, the lowest GI bread (TB6) has the lowest energy density and percentages of carbohydrate and fat, while having the highest percentages of protein, ash, fiber, and moisture. On the other hand, the highest GI bread (TB5) has only the lowest moisture percentage and the highest carbohydrate percentage. Conclusion: In this study, 3 types of the tested bread were of low GI and the other 3 types were of medium GI. The insulin response was found to parallel the glucose response for all studied breads. The peak of insulin and glucose responses were at 30-min.
Studies on the Effect of Natural Preservatives and Packing Materials on Physico-Chemical Quality of pinni.
Authors: Singh Ravinder , Khamrui Kaushik
Published: September 2020

Pinni, a native heat dried sweet produce ready by roasting cereal flours mainly, with added khoa (desiccated milk) and sugar has a shelf-life of a few days under marketplace. In this study, result of preservers viz. i.e., cardamom powder and rosemary on the storage-life of pinni stored at 30±1˚C was investigated. Two packaging techniques viz., conventional cardboard boxes and polystyrene tray were compared for physico-chemical, quality of pinni during storage for 21 days and 28 days respectively at 30±1˚C. During storing, several variations took place in physico-chemical appearances, the changes being faster in control samples packed in both packaging materials as compared to cardamom and rosemary extract added pinni samples. The average tyrosine content for fresh pinni was 9.75 μg/5ml in control, 9.35 μg/5ml in cardamom and 9.45 μg/5ml in rosemary extracted added sample which increased significantly (p<0.05) to 13.87 μg/5ml, 13.59 μg/5ml and 13.23 μg/5ml respectively when packed in cardboard boxes similar results were found when pinni packed in polystyrene tray. There was slight effect of preservers on the excellence of pinni when packed in cardboard boxes, but changes were slower in pinni when packed in polystyrene tray. Pinni packaged in polystyrene tray stored at 30±1˚C, in the presence rosemary extract, was stable for 28 days and have shelf life 14 days more than control sample.
A credit to your clinic: steps practitioners can take towards a good report
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: September 2020

Having a good credit report can make all the difference when it comes to sourcing commercial funding or being granted good terms from suppliers. Adam Bernstein looks at the steps that clinics can take to improve their standing.
A lesson on adaptability
Authors: Daubney Ellie
Published: September 2020

Having just completed her final year as a student paramedic, Ellie Daubney shares some surprising lessons learned and her recent shifts in perspective towards patient care as she undertakes a new role as a temporary newly qualified paramedic during COVID-19
A review of common motorcycle collision mechanisms of injury
Authors: Petit Logan , Zaki Theodore , Hsiang Walter , Leslie Michael P. , Wiznia Daniel H.
Published: September 2020

Injuries sustained in motorcycle collisions can be organized into distinct patterns to improve recognition and treatment. Lowside, highside, topside, and collision are the four main categories of motorcycle crash types. Within those four crash types, mechanisms of injury include head-leading collisions, direct vertical impact, motorcycle radius, motorcycle thumb, fuel tank injures, limb entrapment, tyre-spoke injury, and crash modifying manoeuvre.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:544-548. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190090
Inter-primer binding site (iPBS) markers reveal the population genetic diversity and structure of tropical climbing Cissampelopsis (Asteraceae) in Thailand
Authors: VANIJAJIVA ONGKARN , Pornpongrungrueng Pimwadee
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Vanijajiva O, Pornpongrungrueng P. 2020. Inter-primer binding site (iPBS) markers reveal the population genetic diversity and structure of tropical climbing Cissampelopsis (Asteraceae) in Thailand. Biodiversitas 21: 3919-3928. Cissampelopsis is a small climbing tropical Asian genus of Asteraceae-Senecioneae. In Thailand, the genus is represented by two species, C. corifolia and C. Volubilis, distributed through the mountain evergreen forest. Study on the genetic diversity and structure of populations of both Cissampelopsis species provide better understanding of the biology and pattern of species diversification in the genus. To identify the genetic diversity, we used the inter-primer binding site (iPBS) retrotransposon system, in 96 accessions of Cissampelopsis species collected from different regions in Thailand. A total of 120 iPBS bands were scored as presence⁄ absence characters. Results from UPGMA and PCoA analyses indicated that C. corifolia and C. volubilis are different species. Genetic diversity and genetic differentiation among and within populations of C. volubilis is higher than C. corifolia. Molecular Variance (AMOVA) analysis of both species indicated that the genetic variance value within populations is higher than among populations of each species. Bayesian model-based STRUCTURE analysis detected two gene pools for both Cissampelopsis and showed admixture within individuals. Differences among the two Cissampelopsis species, in total diversities and levels of population differentiation, indicated that the genetic structure of Cissampelopsis populations are congruent with long-lived perennial habit with regional distribution, even for congeneric species, may vary considerably. This study suggests the effectiveness of the iPBS marker system to estimate the population genetic diversity and structure of Cissampelopsis genotypes.
Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and their inhibitory response by ethanol extract of Abrus precatorius
Authors: MUTMAINNAH BQ. , AFAF BAKTIR  , NI’MATUZAHROH NI’MATUZAHROH
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Mutmainnah BQ, Baktir A, Ni’matuzahroh. 2020. Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and their inhibitory response by ethanol extract of Abrus precatorius. Biodiversitas 21: 4076-4085. Three isolates of Staphylococcus bacteria with the code MRSA 22372, MSSA 22187 and MSSA 22366 originated from the urine of the patient at Dr. Regional General Hospital Soetomo, Clinical Microbiology Installation Surabaya, Indonesia. Differences in bacterial strains affect their sensitivity to antimicrobial agents. The active ingredient of the ethanol extract of the leaves of Abrus precatorius L. has the potential to inhibit bacterial growth. This study aims to further characterize the bacteria MRSA 22372, MSSA 22187 and MSSA 22366 based on morphological, biochemical and molecular characters and to compare the growth inhibitory response of these three bacteria due to the treatment of variations in the ethanol extract of A. precatorius of 25 mgL-1- 800 mgL-1 leaves. The results showed there were differences in the diameter of bacterial colonies, the ability to ferment glucose and sucrose, and the production of urease and catalase. The molecular characteristics of the three bacteria have no similarity in the order of nucleotide bases or phylogenetic proximity to each other. Ethanol extract of A. precatorius leaves at a concentration of 800 mgL-1 inhibited the growth of MSSA 22187 with an inhibition zone of 41 mm and decreased the MSSA 22366 growth by 67.6%. MIC value of ethanol extract of A. precatorius leaves in all three bacteria was 25 mgL-1 with growth inhibition up to 29.4%, 35.3%, and 29.4% respectively.

Keyword : MRSA, MSSA, ethanol extract, Abrus precatorius L.
Producing renewable electric energy through a microbial fuel cell in the rice field
Authors: NUGRAHA HADI WISA , DJAJAKIRANA GUNAWAN , ANWAR SYAIFUL , SANTOSA DWI ANDREAS
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Nugraha HW, Djajakirana G, Anwar S, Santosa DA. 2020. Producing renewable electric energy through a microbial fuel cell in the rice field. Biodiversitas 21: 4139-4146. Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is an alternative technology that converts chemical energy into electrical energy using microbes. This study aimed to apply MFC technology in the rice field to produce renewable electricity by utilizing microbes that have been previously isolated. The study was conducted in two experiments. The first experiment was carried out to select MFC prototypes with different in the oxygen circulation system (anode and cathode holes) that capable of producing the highest Voltage. The second experiment was performed to test the selected MFC prototype for electricity production in 12 combination treatments of microbes, organic matter, and fertilization (mixed NPK fertilizer) with three replications on rice cultivation in a greenhouse. The results showed that the best MFC prototype was a prototype that has two holes, each at anode and cathode (MFC 2). The highest electrical Voltage was generated by the treatment with microbes and organic matter, without fertilizer. The treatments produced the highest electrical current was the addition of microbes, organic matter, without and with 50% fertilizer. The highest power density was generated by the treatment with microbes and organic matter, without fertilization. The addition of ex-situ isolated microbes significantly increased the production of electricity.
Native trees in Nug-as forest Key Biodiversity Area, Cebu, Philippines
Authors: Lillo Edgardo , MALAKI ARCHIEBALD B. , ALCAZAR STEVE MICHAEL T. , REDOBLADO BERNARDO R. , DIAZ JOHN LOU B. , PINOTE JUANITA P. , ROSALES RAAMAH , BUOT JR INOCENCIO E.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Lillo EP, Malaki AB, Alcazar SMT, Redoblando BR, Diaz JLB, Pinote JP, Rosales R, Buot IE Jr. 2020. Native trees in Nug-as forest Key Biodiversity Area, Cebu, Philippines. Biodiversitas 21: 4162-4167. Threatened species, by definition, have a high probability of extinction, and so each of their populations significantly contributes to their survival. This paper presents a list of threatened Native trees in Nug-as forest of the Municipality of Alcoy, Cebu. A list of indicators was used to identify the conservation status of the Native trees at the local level. A total of 135 native trees from 48 families and 105 genera were recorded. Most species belong to the families of Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae, Moraceae, Clusiaceae, Myrtaceae, Meliaceae, Fabaceae, and Rutaceae. In this study, 62 species were categorized as threatened, and 72 species as Least Concern, while in IUCN classification 19 threatened species were recorded, and 111 taxa considered as Least Concern respectively. Using the DENR method of classification 15 threatened species were recorded, and 115 taxa considered as Not Evaluated. The Nug-as forest was degraded by illegal cutting, kaingin, hunting and charcoal making. Based from Beynen and Townsend analysis, Nug-as forest was categorized as moderately disturbed. While DENR and IUCN declaration on the status of the Philippine native trees take a very long time, threatened plant species would be gone before we know it, considering the destruction rate in the Philippines.
Ultrastructure of Lejeunea spp. leaves surface in a lowland tropical urban forest of Universitas Indonesia Campus, Depok, Indonesia
Authors: Putrika Afiatry , Mutiara Nabella Dhita , Salamah Andi , NISYAWATI Nisyawati , Dwiranti Astari
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Putrika A, Nabella DM, Salamah A, Nisyawati, Dwiranti A. 2020. Ultrastructure of Lejeunea spp. leaves surface in a lowland tropical urban forest of Universitas Indonesia Campus, Depok, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4184-4191. Lejeunea is one of liverworts genera that have a wide distribution in the world. It has many variations of the character that have not been revealed, such as variations of the cell surface. The purpose of this research was to study the ultrastructure of Lejeunea spp. leaves surface in a lowland tropical urban forest of Universitas Indonesia (UI) Campus, Depok, Indonesia. Six species of Lejeunea spp. were studied, i.e., L. anisophylla, L. cocoes, L. exilis, L. papilionacea, L. catanduana, and L. curviloba. The research methods carried out in this study consisted of the sample observation using a light microscope, sample preparation for Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) observation (fixation, post-fixation, dehydration, drying, mounting), and observations using SEM. The results of observation using a light microscope showed the smooth cell surface of all samples studied. Meanwhile, the differences between six species of Lejeunea in the UI campus could be differentiated under SEM. L. catanduana could be distinguished from other species from its cell wall thickness and texture, ornamentation types, and the number of ornamentations per cell. The texture of the cell wall of L. catanduana was the roughest than the other species due to abundant ornamentation such as papillae on its the cell wall surface. Furthermore, only this species has mamillae on the cell surface. The number of papillae or mamillae was 1-4 per cell. On the other hand, L. cocoes has the thinnest cell wall and slightly rough texture. Only this species has the simple papillae on the cell surface. Thus, the results of this study suggested that the cell surface variations in Lejeunea might be potential to be used as taxonomic characters in grouping species.
Characterization of Bacillus spp. from the rhizosphere of potato Granola varieties as an antibacterial against Ralstonia solanacearum
Authors: Prihatiningsih Nur , Arwiyanto Triwidodo , Hadisutrisno Bambang , Widada Jaka
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Prihatiningsih N, Arwiyanto T, Hadisutrisno B, Widada J. 2020. Characterization of Bacillus spp. from the rhizosphere of potato Granola varieties as an antibacterial against Ralstonia solanacearum. Biodiversitas 21: 4199-4204. Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the important wilt pathogens that significantly decreased potato yields in Indonesia. One of the strategies to control wilt disease is the use of Bacillus sp. that isolated from potato rhizosphere. Bacillus sp. is an antagonist against some phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria.   The objectives of the study were to identify 5 strains of Bacillus spp. (B46, B209, B211, B298, and B315) that is capable of suppressing the growth of R. solanacearum. Experimental assays were performed to determine the growth inhibition of R. solanacearum by culturing in a two-layer medium. The identification of Bacillus spp. was performed based on physiological and biochemical characters and molecular identification. Results showed that all of Bacillus spp. are capable of suppressing the growth of R. solanacearum. B. subtilis B315 isolate was the most effective biocontrol agent in inhibiting R. solanacearum growth by a bacteriostatic mechanism.  All Bacillus spp.  have similarities in physiological and biochemical characters. Based on the molecular analysis, Bacillus sp. B46, B209, B211, and B298 were homologous to B. subtilis subspecies spizizeni RRLKE2, whereas Bacillus sp. B315 was homologous to B. subtilis strain WIFD5.
Short Communication: Genetic polymorphism of registered and popularly cultivated coffee (Coffea spp.) in the Philippines using inter-simple sequence repeats markers
Authors: Panaligan Arleen , MIRIAM D. BALTAZAR  , ALEJANDRO GRECEBIO JONATHAN D.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Panaligan AC, Baltazar MD, Alejandro GJD. 2020. Short Communication: Genetic polymorphism of registered and popularly cultivated coffee (Coffea spp.) in the Philippines using inter-simple sequence repeats markers. Biodiversitas 21: 4228-4233. Three Coffea species, namely Coffea arabica, Coffea canephora and Coffea liberica have been commercially cultivated in the Philippines. Genetic variability analysis of these species is important for the conservation of genetic resources and breeding programs. Hence, this study was carried out to identify polymorphic inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers and determine the genetic variation of these three commercially cultivated coffee species. Twenty-nine DNA samples from young coffee leaves were extracted and PCR amplified. Of the 29 primers used, seven produced clear and reproducible bands. In the 54 bands produced, 51 were polymorphic. The number of bands amplified by each primer varied from 5 to 12 with an average of 7.71 bands. Polymorphism percentage ranged from 80 to 100. This is the first time that ISSR markers were used to determine the genetic variation of coffee in the Philippines. The study demonstrated the efficiency of ISSR markers to assess genetic variation in cultivated coffee species. The ISSR markers were able to differentiate the coffee germplasm at the interspecific and intraspecific levels. These results suggest the potential of ISSR markers for genetic diversity analysis of commercial coffee and varietal identification of elite varieties using DNA fingerprinting.
Abundance of soil microbes, endophytic fungi and blast disease of paddy rice with three pest management practices
Authors: Wiyono Suryo , Istiaji Bonjok , Triwidodo Hermanu , Suryaningsih Andika septiana
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Wiyono S, Istiaji B, Triwidodo H, Suryaningsih AS. 2020. Abundance of soil microbes, endophytic fungi and blast disease of paddy rice with three pest management practices. Biodiversitas 21: 4234-4239. Rice production in Indonesia faces a potential threat of pests and diseases. Biointensive Integrated Pest Management (Bio IPM) is a new approach based on natural and biological control, which effectively controls pests and diseases. However, the impact of this technology on soil microbes and endophytic fungi is almost unknown. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of Bio IPM on abundance of soil microbes, endophytic fungi, and blast disease under field conditions. Three pest management types were tested i.e. conventional, reduced pesticides, and Bio IPM. Field experiment was set in four replications in randomized complete block design. Experiments were carried out in two seasons i.e. dry and wet season. Variables assessed during experiment were amount of soil bacteria, soil fungi, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, colonization of total leaf endophytes, colonization of Nigrospora sp., and blast disease severity. The results showed that the abundance of soil bacteria and phosphate solubilizing bacteria were significantly increased with Bio IPM whereas it was not found to be significant in soil fungi. Total endophytic fungi and Nigrospora sp. were found higher in Bio IPM especially in early growth stages. Bio IPM controlled neck blast more effectively than conventional and reduced pesticides, but it did not show any significant effect on leaf blast disease.
Microbial study of organisms isolated from nutritional fruit juices surrounded by local fruit market in Nanded, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Deshmukh Ashwini , Siddiqui Mujahed , Pathan Umar Khan , Dhuldhaj Umesh
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Deshmukh AS, Siddiqui MM, Pathan UK, Dhuldhaj UP. 2020. Microbial study of organisms isolated from nutritional fruit juices surrounded by local fruit market in Nanded, Maharashtra, India. Biodiversitas 21: 4240-4246. Growing populations depend on the various food products for their nutritional values, but the hidden hunger for nutrients and vitamins are fulfilled by the fruits and their juices. Fruit juices are one of the most dependable food products, available in the Indian markets. But, standard and quality of juices always matters, hence most suggested one are freshly prepared juices as processed and packed one are mostly contains artificial flavors and food additives in the form of preservatives. Even these freshly prepared juices by local staler are also not free from contaminations. Hence, in this study we focus on the quality of fruit juices sold by the local seller. For this purpose, we collected 5 samples of fruit juices from the premises of Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded. The fruit juices are on orange, chiku, banana, apple and grapes. These samples were maintained in the basal media nutrient broth and uniculture of bacteria were isolated and maintained in the slant agar for further experiments. Total microbial load was calculated from collected and it was found that these juice samples contain significant bacterial load (2.5 x 106cfu/mL) that can cause diseases. In further investigations and identifications through the biochemical tests, we found that these juices contaminated with coliforms like E. coli and Klebsiella, along with this we also detected the presence of Listeria spp and Staphylococcus in juices samples.
Feeding preference and growth response of early adults abalone, Haliotis squamata on some macroalgae
Authors: Yusup Deny Suhernawan , I GEDE MAHARDIKA , I WAYAN SUARNA , I NYOMAN ADIASMARA GIRI
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Yusup DS, Mahardika IG, Suarna IW, Giri INA. 2020. Feeding preference and growth response of early adults abalone, Haliotis squamata on some macroalgae. Biodiversitas 21: 4369-4375. Study on early adult Haliotis squamata fresh feed has evaluated some macroalgae, however, a study on Enteromorpha sp., Halymenia sp., and Hypnea sp. have not been carried out. This study was proposed to evaluate the feeding preference (feed response and feed intake) and the growth performance of early adult H. squamata on some macroalgae. Seven species of macroalgae were evaluated as unpair feeding choice and the experiment design employed was completely randomized design. The results showed that H. squamata responded variously to the seven macroalgae species and the food deprivation (fasting) data showed mounting response to all macroalgae. Ulva lactuca and Enteromorpha sp. were the most responded which up to four times higher compared to the least responded i.e. Halymenia sp. and Sargassum sp. The highest to the lowest palatable feed intake (FI) were Gracillaria sp, Eucheuma spinosum, Ulva lactuca, Halymenia sp., Enteromorpha sp., Sargassum sp. and Hypnea sp. respectively. The first four palatable macroalgae resulted in various growth responses of H. squamata. Except for Halymenia sp., the feed intake (FI) rate showed an opposite linear correlation to growth response and FCR. The daily growth rate (g/day) was Ulva lactuca (0.104), Enteropmorpha sp. (0.085), Gracillaria sp. (0.084), and Halymenia sp. (0.016).
Polar Expeditions: A Photographic Landscape of Sameness?
Authors: Cronin Elizabeth , Keister Jessica
Published: September 2020

Elizabeth Cronin and Jessica Keister examine a photographic scrapbook in the New York Public Library, showing photographs from various arctic expeditions, many of which are heavily re-worked with overpainting, masking, and drawn and collaged elements. These edited photographs were transitional objects, intermediate phases between negative and illustration, between the arctic and the final consumer product, a halftone reproduction. With little regard as to organization, and practically no identifying information, the album collapses the various expeditions into one experience and eliminates the specificity of their original documentary functions, thus highlighting universal images of the far north: heroism in a hostile environment, ice cliffs, hut interiors, polar bears, sled dogs, local populations, and scientific responsibilities. Through a careful reading of the album that considers both its history as an object and the individual photographs within it, this paper illuminates the roles that photography can play in our understanding and treatment of arctic exploration and the northern landscape.
Implicit Factors and Voting Behaviour Inconsistency: From Theoretical Concept to Empirical Phenomenon
Authors: Чернозуб Олег Леонидович
Published: September 2020

Several recent elections and referendums were marked by a dramatic failure in pre-election prediction based on large-scale surveys among voters. As a reaction to public anger and discontent among politicians alternative strategies (prediction markets, Implicit Association Test (IAT), expectation-based forecast, etc.) are being developed. The industry of election polling has also made progress: a number of studies have shown that a relatively low accuracy of forecasts was caused by inconsistencies in sample design and implementation. The present article considers another factor behind election forecast errors: insufficiency of data about the declared intentions needed to make an accurate prediction. For this purpose, the author introduces a tool called GATA (Graphic Association Test of Attitude) measuring implicit attitudes/intentions and proposes to add a “stream” of implicit effects to the usual Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). According to the findings, implicit factors are an actual and clearly detected phenomenon; inconsistency in explicit and implicit attitudes/intentions is typical of many voters.
The present article aims to present this phenomenon. This will be followed by another article (Implicit Factors and Voting Behavior Inconsistency: From an Attitude to Behavior) in the next issue of the Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes (2020, no.5) which will highlight behavioral effects of inconsistencies and the results of a combined use of implicit and explicit factors in the election forecast model.
Сопротивление переменам среди учителей начальной школы как фактор использования ими ИКТ
Authors: Колыгина Дарья Игоревна , Капуза Анастасия Васильевна
Published: September 2020

Множество исследований информационно-коммуникационных технологий (ИКТ) в образовании показывают, что для их успешного применения в образовательном процессе необходимо учитывать характеристики ключевых агентов образования — учителей. В данной работе исследуется связь между индивидуальными характеристиками учителей начальной школы, в частности сопротивления переменам, и использованием ими ИКТ в учебном процессе. Для этого были проанализированы данные опроса 347 учителей третьих классов. Проведенное структурное моделирование показало, что навыки ИКТ учителей положительно связаны с использованием ИКТ на уроках, при этом сопротивление переменам является медиатором этой связи. В то же время уровень сопротивления переменам отрицательно связан с использованием ИКТ на уроках и никак не связан с использованием ИКТ в личных целях. Таким образом, даже обладая навыками ИКТ, учителя не стремятся применять их в классе и менять свою рутинную профессиональную деятельность. Это важно учитывать при внедрении инноваций в образовательный процесс, также необходимо обратить особое внимание на преодоление такого внутреннего барьера к инновациям, как сопротивление переменам среди учителей.
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена в результате проведения исследования в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики» (НИУ ВШЭ) и с использованием средств субсидии в рамках государственной поддержки ведущих университетов Российской Федерации «5-100».
Работа и учеба у студентов вузов: конфликт или фасилитация?
Authors: Каплан Елизавета Алексеевна , Ерицян Ксения Юрьевна
Published: September 2020

На основании данных опроса студентов одного из федеральных университетов Санкт-Петербурга (N=948) и полуструктурированных интервью c работающими студентами (N=14) исследуются условия, при которых совмещение обучения и работы студентами очных отделений вузов сопряжено с негативными последствиями для учебы и благополучия студентов, а также обстоятельства, при которых совмещение двух ролей, напротив, приносит пользу и повышает эффективность выполнения обоих ролей.
В результате исследования выявлено, что с большей вероятностью совмещают учебу и работу студенты, менее удовлетворенные получаемой специальностью и с более низкой субъективной оценкой благополучия внешней среды. В то же время уровень их психологического благополучия и социальной поддержки выше. Совмещающие обучение и трудовую деятельность студенты чаще пропускают занятия, однако это не сказывается на их успеваемости. Эффекты совмещения работы и учебы связаны с рядом факторов. Конфликт между двумя сферами более свойствен студентам младших курсов и девушками возрастает с увеличением рабочей нагрузки. Фасилитация работы и учебы более характерна для студентов, осознанно выбравших изучаемую специальность и трудоустроенных по получаемой профессии. В результате анализа полуструктурированных интервью были определены три группы стратегий совмещения: поддерживаемые работодателем, поддерживаемые системой обучения, и стратегии самоменеджмента учащегося.
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена при поддержке РФФИ, проект № 17-29-02438/17 «Психологические, социальные и средовые ресурсы здоровья учащихся разных ступеней образования в современной России», 2017-2019 гг.".
Equivalence of ray monotonicity properties and classification of optimal transport maps for strictly convex norms
Authors: Chen Ping
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we first define ray increasing and decreasing monotonicity of maps.
If 𝑇 is an optimal transport map for the Monge problem with cost function

∥

y
-
x

∥

sc

\lVert y-x\rVert_{\mathrm{sc}}

in

R
n

R^{n}

or 𝑇 is an optimal transport map for the Monge problem with cost function

d
⁢

(
x
,
y
)

d(x,y)

, the geodesic distance, in more general, non-branching geodesic spaces 𝑋, we show respectively equivalence of some previously introduced monotonicity properties and the property of ray increasing as well as ray decreasing monotonicity which we define in this paper.
Then, by solving secondary variational problems associated with strictly convex and concave functions respectively, we show that there exist ray increasing and decreasing optimal transport maps for the Monge problem with cost function

∥

y
-
x

∥

sc

\lVert y-x\rVert_{\mathrm{sc}}

.
Finally, we give the classification of optimal transport maps for the Monge problem such that the cost function

∥

y
-
x

∥

sc

\lVert y-x\rVert_{\mathrm{sc}}

further satisfies the uniform smoothness and convexity estimates.
That is, all of the optimal transport maps for such Monge problem can be divided into three different classes: the ray increasing map, the ray decreasing map and others.