bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time to Cancer Treatment and Chemotherapy Relative Dose Intensity for Patients With Breast Cancer Living With HIV
Authors: O’Neil Daniel S. , Martei Yehoda M. , Crew Katherine D. , Castillo Brenda S. , Costa Philippos , Lim Tristan , Michel Alissa , Rubin Elizabeth , Goel Neha , Hurley Judith , Lopes Gilberto , Antoni Michael H.
Published: December 2023

Importance

Patients with breast cancer and comorbid HIV experience higher mortality than other patients with breast cancer.

Objective

To compare time to cancer treatment initiation and relative dose intensity (RDI) of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy among patients with breast cancer with vs without HIV.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A retrospective, matched cohort study enrolled women who received a diagnosis of breast cancer from January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2018. The electronic medical records of 3 urban, academic cancer centers were searched for women with confirmed HIV infection prior to or simultaneous with diagnosis of stage I to III breast cancer. Tumor registry data were used to identify 2 control patients with breast cancer without HIV for each participant with HIV, matching for study site, stage, and year of cancer diagnosis. Statistical analysis was performed from December 2022 to October 2023.

Exposure

HIV infection detected before or within 90 days of participants’ breast cancer diagnosis.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was time to breast cancer treatment initiation, defined as the number of days between cancer diagnosis and first treatment. The secondary outcome was overall RDI for patients who received chemotherapy. These outcomes were compared by HIV status using Cox proportional hazards regression and linear regression modeling, respectively, adjusting for confounding demographic and clinical factors. Exploratory outcomes included instances of anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and liver function test result abnormalities during chemotherapy, which were compared using Fisher exact tests.

Results

The study enrolled 66 women with comorbid breast cancer and HIV (median age, 51.1 years [IQR, 45.7-58.2 years]) and 132 with breast cancer alone (median age, 53.9 years [IQR, 47.0-62.5 years]). The median time to first cancer treatment was not significantly higher among patients with HIV than those without (48.5 days [IQR, 32.0-67.0 days] vs 42.5 days [IQR, 25.0-59.0 days]; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.78, 95% CI, 0.55-1.12). Among the 36 women with HIV and 62 women without HIV who received chemotherapy, the median overall RDI was lower for those with HIV vs without HIV (0.87 [IQR, 0.74-0.97] vs 0.96 [IQR, 0.88-1.00]; adjusted P = .01). Grade 3 or higher neutropenia during chemotherapy occurred among more women with HIV than those without HIV (13 of 36 [36.1%] vs 5 of 58 [8.6%]).

Conclusions and Relevance

This matched cohort study suggests that patients with breast cancer and HIV may have experienced reduced adjuvant chemotherapy RDI, reflecting greater dose reductions, delays, or discontinuation. Strategies for supporting this vulnerable population during chemotherapy treatment are necessary.
NIDA study finds OD deaths more than tripled 35–44 year old in PPW women
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: December 2023

Overdose deaths tripled among 35 to 44‐year‐old pregnant and postpartum women (PPW) from 2018–2021 and rose markedly in all pregnant and postpartum girls and women ages 10 to 44, a new study by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) has found. The study, “Pregnancy and Postpartum Drug Overdose Deaths in the US Before and During the COVID‐19 Pandemic,” was published Nov. 22 in JAMA Psychiatry by Beth Han, M.D., Ph.D., and colleagues from NIDA.
Fewer youths smoking cigarettes, and smoking less, but vaping way up in young adults
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: December 2023

Surprise, surprise. With the downturn in smoking cigarettes — a plus for the lungs — there is an increase in nicotine vaping among young adults — a minus for addiction, according to a research letter published online Nov. 13 in JAMA Internal Medicine. Researchers headed by Brandon T. Sanford, Ph.D., at the Medical University of South Carolina analyzed data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study, a survey conducted for the federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Researchers found that the prevalence of “ever‐smoking” decreased from 53.2% (2013–2014) to 35.6% (2021), while the prevalence of “ever e‐cigarette use” increased from 32% (2013–2014) to 52.7% (2021).
An Ex Vivo Aorta Culture Model to Study Vascular Cellular Senescence
Authors: Yu Yijie , Bian Shihui , Jiang Yu , Li Bo , Cui Xinggang , Ding Shu , Dai Zhiyin , Chen Rui , Zhong Wei , Yuan Wei
Published: December 2023

Animal studies on vascular aging pose a few limitations. One of the most important reasons for this is the absence of a fast and efficient model of vascular tissue aging. In this study, ex vivo aortic culture and Matrigel subcutaneous implantation are combined to develop a new model for studying vascular cellular senescence. Eight‐week‐old C57BL/6J mice are used to obtain aortas. Bleomycin is used to induce aortas senescence in vitro. Then, aortas are transplanted to the acceptor mice with Matrigel. Senescence is evaluated using western blotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and senescence‐associated beta‐galactosidase activity. Inflammatory cytokines are detected using Luminex Liquid Suspension Chip. RNA levels are analyzed by transcriptome sequencing. The results revealed that vessels in the bleomycin group exhibited significant senescence than those in the control group that can be enhanced by stripping vessel adventitia. The levels of cytokines such as interleukin (IL‐2, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 increased significantly in the ex vivo model. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing revealed 56 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ex vivo model vessels compared with those in naturally aging aortas. In conclusion, this study introduces a cost‐effective and time‐saving vessel senescence model for vascular cellular senescence.
Hot “Dissolving” Extrusion of Lurasidone with Natural Liquid Small Molecule for Amorphous Solid Dispersion Based Self‐Assembled Submicron Emulsion
Authors: Shen Peiya , Hu Enshi , Zhang Chunfeng , Gao Yuan , Qian Shuai , Heng Weili , Zhang Jianjun , Wei Yuanfeng
Published: December 2023

Nowadays, ≈90% of new drug candidates under development are poorly bioavailable due to their low solubility and/or permeability. Herein, a natural liquid small molecule trans‐anethole (TA) is introduced into the drug‐polymer system lurasidone (LUS)‐poly (1‐vinylpyrrolidone‐co‐vinyl acetate) (VA64), notably improving the compatibility of components for the successful preparation of amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) and facilitating the formation of self‐emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) during dissolution. LUS‐TA‐VA64 ASD shows enhanced supersaturation with a long maintenance time of at least 24 h over pure LUS. The strong non‐covalent force between VA64 (as emulsifier) and TA (as oil phase)/ water promotes the self‐assembly of submicron emulsion and ensures its stability for at least 10 h. Compared to the commercial salt form of LUS, the ASD shows twofold increase in peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under plasma concentration‐time profiles (AUC), 1.5‐fold increase in peak time (Tmax), and twofold decrease in AUC‐based coefficient of variation (CV) (59%→26%) after a single oral dose to a rabbit.
Data‐Driven Design for Metamaterials and Multiscale Systems: A Review
Authors: Lee Doksoo , Chen Wei (Wayne) , Wang Liwei , Chan Yu‐Chin , Chen Wei
Published: December 2023

Metamaterials are artificial materials designed to exhibit effective material parameters that go beyond those found in nature. Composed of unit cells with rich designability that are assembled into multiscale systems, they hold great promise for realizing next‐generation devices with exceptional, often exotic, functionalities. However, the vast design space and intricate structure–property relationships pose significant challenges in their design. A compelling paradigm that could bring the full potential of metamaterials to fruition is emerging: data‐driven design. This review provides a holistic overview of this rapidly evolving field, emphasizing the general methodology instead of specific domains and deployment contexts. Existing research is organized into data‐driven modules, encompassing data acquisition, machine learning‐based unit cell design, and data‐driven multiscale optimization. The approaches are further categorized within each module based on shared principles, analyze and compare strengths and applicability, explore connections between different modules, and identify open research questions and opportunities.
Photo‐Activated Growth and Metastable Phase Transition in Metallic Solid Solutions
Authors: Martin Andrew , Pauls Alana M. , Chang Boyce , Boyce Eva , Thuo Martin
Published: December 2023

Laser processing in metals is versatile yet limited by its reliance on phase transformation through heating rather than electronic excitation due to their low absorptivity, attributing from highly ordered structures. Metastable states (i.e., surfaces, glasses, undercooled liquids), however, present a unique platform, both energetically and structurally to enable energy landscape tuning through selective stimuli. Herein, this ansatz is demonstrated by exploiting thin passivating oxides to stabilize an undercooled state, followed by photo‐perturbation of the near surface order to induce convective Marangoni flows, edge‐coalescence and phase transition into a larger metastable solid bearing asymmetric composition between the near surface and core of the formed structure. The self‐terminating nature of the process creates a perfectly contained system which can maintain a high relaxation energy barrier hence deep metastable states for extended periods of time.
In Situ Growth of High‐Quality Single‐Crystal Twisted Bilayer Graphene on Liquid Copper
Authors: Liu Shan , He Baizhe , Yang Wei , Zhou Xiahong , Xue Xudong , Liu Mengya , Zhao Yao , Wang Xinhe , Si Jia , Wang Fuyi , Zhang Zhiyong , Peng Lianmao , Yu Gui
Published: December 2023

Twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) generates significant attention in the fundamental research of 2D materials due to its distinct twist‐angle‐dependent properties. Exploring the efficient production of TBG with a wide range of twist angles stands as one of the major frontiers in moiré materials. Here, the local space‐confined chemical vapor deposition growth technique for high‐quality single‐crystal TBG with twist angles ranging from 0° to 30° on liquid copper substrates is reported. The clean surface, pristine interface, high crystallinity, and thermal stability of TBG are verified by using comprehensive characterization techniques including optical microscopy, electron microscopy, and secondary‐ion mass spectrometry. The proportion of TBG in bilayer graphene reaches as high as 89%. In addition, the stacking structure and growth mechanism of TBG are investigated, revealing that the second graphene layer develops beneath the first one. A series of comparative experiments illustrates that the liquid copper surface, with its excellent fluidity, promotes the growth of TBG. Electrical measurements show the twist‐angle‐dependent electronic properties of as‐grown TBG, achieving a room‐temperature carrier mobility of 26640 cm2 V−1 s−1. This work provides an approach for the in situ preparation of 2D twisted materials and facilitates the application of TBG in the fields of electronics.
Repurposing agricultural support policies for shared prosperity in rural Fiji
Authors: Anderson Kym
Published: December 2023

Notwithstanding the increasing place of tourism exports, the rural sector and its agricultural production remain important contributors to Fijiʼs economy. But their contribution is compromised by policies and institutions that distort the farm sectorʼs resource use, with too many resources employed by sugar and livestock producers at the expense of other farmers and producers of non‐farm products. Subsidies to the sugar industry could be used instead to boost investment in rural public goods such as infrastructure and agricultural research. That would benefit a much larger proportion of rural people, many of whom are below the poverty line. So too would a lowering of tariffs on imports of meat and milk products. And by thereby lowering food prices in urban areas, such re‐purposing of support would benefit their poorest households most. It would also lower the prices of high‐protein livestock products and nutrient‐rich fruits and vegetables, which could well improve nutrition and health.
Intramolecular Carboxyamidation of Alkyne‐Tethered O‐Acylhydroxamates through Formation of Fe(III)‐Nitrenoids
Authors: Su Siyuan , Zhang Yu , Liu Peng , Wink Donald J. , Lee Daesung
Published: December 2023

We developed intramolecular carboxyamidations of alkyne‐tethered O‐acylhydroxamates followed by either thermally induced spontaneous or 4‐(dimethylamino)pyridine‐catalyzed O→O or O→N acyl group migration. Under iron‐catalyzed conditions, the carboxyamidation products were generated in high yield from both Z‐alkene and arene‐tethered substrates. DFT calculations indicate that the iron‐catalyzed carboxyamidation proceeds via a stepwise mechanism involving iron‐imidyl radical cyclization followed by intramolecular acyloxy transfer from the iron center to the alkenyl radical center to furnish the cis‐carboxyamidation product. Upon treatment with 4‐(dimethylamino)pyridine, the Z‐alkene‐tethered carboxyamidation products underwent selective O→O acyl migration to generate 2‐acyloxy‐5‐acyl pyrroles. Thermal O→N acyl migration occurs during carboxyamidation if the Z‐alkene linker contains an alkyl or an aryl substituent at the β‐position of the carbonyl group. On the other hand, the arene linker‐containing compounds selectively undergo O→N acyl migration to generate N‐acyl‐3‐acylisoindolinones, and the corresponding O→O acyl migration forming isoindole derivatives was not observed.
Accountability in healthcare in the Netherlands: A scoping review
Authors: Van Kerkvoorden Dennis R. , Ettema Roelof G. A. , Minkman Mirella M. N.
Published: December 2023

For better serving people's complex needs the subsequent movement to person‐centred integrated care, requires inter‐organisational cooperation and service provision by domain‐overarching networks and alliances. In the development to these networks, it is relevant to explore which accountability approaches are appropriate for local inter‐organisational healthcare governance. Therefore, in a scoping review we studied the current state of knowledge and practice of accountability in healthcare in the Netherlands. We found that two of the included 41 studies show characteristics of accountability towards healthcare with characteristics of integration care components, such as integration of services with accompanying accountability arrangements and development of networked accountability. The first studies are found in the literature which report on accountability in integrated care. With this we add to the international discussion about accountability as an aspect of integrated care governance, by providing insight into the current state of art of accountability in Dutch healthcare.
Fatty Acids Composition of the Sacroiliac Joint in Axial Spondyloarthritis: Analysis Using 3.0 T Chemical Shift‐Encoded MRI
Authors: Chen Min , Cheng Chuanli , Peng Hao , Qi Yulong , Liu Xin , Cheng Guanxun , Zou Chao
Published: December 2023

Background

Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a group of inflammatory diseases that may lead to ankylosis of the sacroiliac joint and spine. Fat lesion in the sacroiliac joint is an important feature in diagnosis and disease progression of axSpA. However, whether there is alteration of fatty acids (FAs) composition has not been investigated using MRI.

Purpose

To investigate bone marrow FA composition of the sacroiliac joint in patients with axSpA compared to controls.

Study Type

Prospective.

Subjects

Eighty five participants (mean age, 32.3 ± 6.1 years): 48 axSpA (25 male, 23 female) and 37 non‐SpA controls (18 male, 19 female).

Field Strength/Sequence

3.0 T/Two multiple gradient‐echo chemical shift‐encoded (CSE) MRI which differed only in echo times (TEs) were scanned consecutively.

Assessment

Axial multi‐echo CSE MRI was performed in the sacroiliac joints in vivo. Regions of interest (ROIs) were manually placed on subchondral bone with and without fat lesion in axSpA patients, and on subchondral bone without fat lesion in controls. FA composition was computed within the ROIs using a nonlinear least square method from literature.

Statistical Tests

Intergroup comparisons were performed using t tests.

Results

In axSpA, male patients had significantly higher monounsaturated FA compared to controls in areas with fat lesion in the sacrum (+12%) and in the ilium (+9%), and in areas without fat lesion in the sacrum (+10%). Significantly lower polyunsaturated FAs were found in areas with fat lesion in the sacrum (−10%) and ilium (−11%), and lower saturated FAs were found in areas without fat lesion in the sacrum (−6%). In female, patients with axSpA had significantly higher saturated FAs in areas with fat lesion in the ilium (+7%) in comparison to controls.

Data Conclusion

FA composition of the sacroiliac joint alters in patients with axSpA, and it can be detected using CSE MRI based analysis.
Three‐ and Four‐Dimensional Imaging of Ductus Arteriosus in Fetuses With Pulmonary Atresia and Aortic Arch Abnormalities
Authors: Karmegaraj Balaganesh
Published: December 2023

Advances in fetal echocardiography including newer techniques like 4D spatio‐temporal image correlation technology has improved our understanding of fetal cardiac and extracardiac abnormalities. High resolution ultrasound combined with color Doppler and 3D rendering have contributed to an improved understanding of the fetal vascular system and its anomalies. This pictorial essay including ultrasound images and videos alongside their respective clay models, provides precise information of duct anatomy in fetuses with pulmonary atresia and aortic arch abnormalities.
Predicting the bandgap and efficiency of perovskite solar cells using machine learning methods
Authors: Khan Asad , Kandel Jeevan , Tayara Hilal , Chong Kil To
Published: December 2023

Rapid and accurate prediction of bandgaps and efficiency of perovskite solar cells is a crucial challenge for various solar cell applications. Existing theoretical and experimental methods often accurately measure these parameters; however, these methods are costly and time‐consuming. Machine learning‐based approaches offer a promising and computationally efficient method to address this problem. In this study, we trained different machine learning(ML) models using previously reported experimental data. Among the different ML models, the CatBoostRegressor performed better for both bandgap and efficiency approximations. We evaluated the proposed model using k‐fold cross‐validation and investigated the relative importance of input features using Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP). SHAP interprets valuable insights into feature contributions of the prediction of the proposed model. Furthermore, we validated the performance of the proposed model using an independent dataset, demonstrating its robustness and generalizability beyond the training data. Our findings show that machine learning‐based approaches, with the aid of SHAP, can provide a promising and computationally efficient method for the accurate and rapid prediction of perovskite solar cell properties. The proposed model is expected to facilitate the discovery of new perovskite materials and is freely available at GitHub (https://github.com/AsadKhanJBNU/perovskite_bandgap_and_efficiency.git) for the perovskite community.
Octonion Beurling theorem: Uncertainty principles for Hermite functions on ℝ3
Authors: Fan Shihao , Ren Guangbin
Published: December 2023

We generalize Beurling's theorem to the octonion Fourier transform for octonion‐valued functions. Despite challenges such as the failure of the octonion Fourier transform to change differentiation into multiplication and the absence of the octonionic Plancherel's theorem, we establish the octonionic Beurling theorem for Hermite functions on
by introducing an integral condition involving the octonion Fourier transform. This extension of uncertainty principles by Hardy, Gelfand–Shilov, and Cowling–Price to the octonionic setting demonstrates that the function and its Fourier transform cannot have arbitrary Gaussian decay simultaneously.
Extension of a shell‐like RVE model to represent transverse shear effects in textile reinforced composites
Authors: Khattabi Omar , Landgraf Ralf , Ihlemann Jörn
Published: December 2023

Textile reinforcements have long been used in shell‐like components like tires, belts, hoses and, in particular, air spring bellows. These bellows consist of a certain number of cords embedded in soft rubber, resulting in high membrane stiffness to absorb tensile forces and low resistance to changes in curvature. The embedded cords are produced by twisting multifilament yarns. Modelling and simulation of bellows is a challenging task. Thereby, the complex internal geometry, large deformations as well as the strongly anisotropic and nonlinear material behavior have to be taken into account in a computationally efficient manner. One approach is the application of multiscale analyses in conjunction with representative volume elements (RVE). Within this study, a through‐thickness RVE based on in‐plane periodic microstructures is applied. The local behavior of the cords is represented by an anisotropic constitutive model that regards directions and mechanical properties of filaments, which result from previous cord twisting simulations. In this contribution, an extension of the classical periodic boundary conditions (PBC) is presented, which considers curvature, pressure load, and, in particular, transverse shear. The RVE is used to simulate the stresses and strains in cord‐rubber composites under realistic load conditions. Moreover, it is employed for homogenizing the mechanical behavior and, thus, for developing a suitable constitutive model for shells.
Online Processing Shows Advantages of Bimodal Listening‐While‐Reading for Vocabulary Learning: An Eye‐Tracking Study
Authors: Valentini Alessandra , Pye Rachel E. , Houston‐Price Carmel , Ricketts Jessie , Kirkby Julie A.
Published: December 2023

Children can learn words incidentally from stories. This kind of learning is enhanced when stories are presented both aurally and in written format, compared to just a written presentation. However, we do not know why this bimodal presentation is beneficial. This study explores two possible explanations: whether the bimodal advantage manifests online during story exposure, or later, at word retrieval. We collected eye‐movement data from 34 8‐to 9‐year‐old children exposed to two stories, one presented in written format (reading condition), and the second presented aurally and written at the same time (bimodal condition). Each story included six unfamiliar words (non‐words) that were repeated three times, as well as definitions and clues to their meaning. Following exposure, the learning of the new words' meanings was assessed. Results showed that, during story presentation, children spent less time fixating the new words in the bimodal condition, compared to the reading condition, indicating that the bimodal advantage occurs online. Learning was greater in the bimodal condition than the reading condition, which may reflect either an online bimodal advantage during story presentation or an advantage at retrieval. The results also suggest that the bimodal condition was more conducive to learning than the reading condition when children looked at the new words for a shorter amount of time. This is in line with an online advantage of the bimodal condition, as it suggests that less effort is required to learn words in this condition. These results support educational strategies that routinely present new vocabulary in two modalities simultaneously.
A gender perspective of climate change perceptions and the intention to migrate in Copán
Authors: Hernández‐Albújar Yolanda , Sánchez‐Carrasco Alfonso
Published: December 2023

In this intervention, we present preliminary results from field work conducted in six municipalities of Honduras as part of a research project that explores climate change perceptions and the intention to migrate, with a gender perspective. The main goal of the research is to understand to which extent the ways in which people perceive the effects of climate change upon their daily life may urge some more than others to actively start the process of international migration. The project is a mixed method study combining questionnaires and focus groups. In this briefing, we concentrate on the analysis of the focus groups to explain the descriptive results of some of the variables.
Surface analysis insight note: Illustrating the effect of adventitious contamination on Pt photoemission peak intensities
Authors: Fairley Neal , Bargiela Pascal , Baltrusaitis Jonas
Published: December 2023

Adventitious carbon contaminations are not only omnipresent and used for charge referencing of XPS spectra but also can alter the apparent presence of the element peaks that span over the large spectral window of binding energies. This Insight note describes the effect of an adventitious contamination layer on Pt and presents, in brief, the approach whereby the component spectra are derived for ion beam cleaned Pt samples that can then utilize linear mathematics to peak fit said spectra thus quantifying the amount of each component including that assigned to the contamination itself of Pt metal.
Na2CeF6: A Highly Laser Damage‐Tolerant Double Perovskite Type Ce(IV) Fluoride Exhibiting Strong Second‐Harmonic Generation Effect
Authors: Tang Ru‐Ling , Xu Wei , Lian Xin , Wei Yue‐Qi , Lv Yi‐Lei , Liu Wenlong , Guo Sheng‐Ping
Published: December 2023

Perovskite structure compounds are significant candidates for designing new optical function materials due to their structural variability. Here, an inorganic tetravalent cerium fluoride, Na2CeF6, is derived from the perovskite structure through double‐site cation co‐substitution. Na2CeF6 crystalizes in the non‐centrosymmetric space group . Edge‐sharing connected NaF9 and CeF9 polyhedra build the whole 3D structure of Na2CeF6. Importantly, it represents the first Ce(IV) fluoride nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal and can produce a strong and phase‐matchable second‐harmonic generation (SHG) effect of ≈2.1 times that of KH2PO4 (KDP), making it the strongest among non‐lone pair electron metal fluoride system. Further, it exhibits a high laser‐induced damage threshold (LIDT) of 74.65–76.25 MW cm−2, which is over 20 times that of AgGaS2. It also exhibits a wide transparent region (0.5−14.3 µm). This work provides a facile route for exploring high‐performance halide NLO materials.
Transition Metal Phosphides: The Rising Star of Lithium–Sulfur Battery Cathode Host
Authors: Liu Luzhi , Yin Xiangshao , Li Wenjiao , Wang Ding , Duan Jianguo , Wang Xianshu , Zhang Yiyong , Peng Dong , Zhang Yingjie
Published: December 2023

Lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) with ultra‐high energy density (2600 W h kg−1) and readily available raw materials are emerging as a potential alternative device with low cost for lithium‐ion batteries. However, the insulation of sulfur and the unavoidable shuttle effect leads to slow reaction kinetics of LSBs, which in turn cause various roadblocks including poor rate capability, inferior cycling stability, and low coulombic efficiency. The most effective way to solve the issues mentioned above is to rationally design and control the synthesis of the cathode host for LSBs. Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) with good electrical conductivity and dual adsorption‐conversion capabilities for polysulfide (PS) are regarded as promising cathode hosts for new‐generation LSBs. In this review, the main obstacles to commercializing the LSBs and the development processes of their cathode host are first elaborated. Then, the sulfur fixation principles, and synthesis methods of the TMPs are briefly summarized and the recent progress of TMPs in LSBs is reviewed in detail. Finally, a perspective on the future research directions of LSBs is provided.
Cuttlefish‐Inspired Photo‐Responsive Antibacterial Microparticles with Natural Melanin Nanoparticles Spray
Authors: Song Chuanhui , Wu Xiangyi , Wang Yu , Wang Jinglin , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: December 2023

Topical antibiotics can be utilized to treat periodontitis, while their delivery stratagems with controlled release and long‐lasting bactericidal inhibition are yet challenging. Herein, inspired by the defensive behavior of cuttlefish expelling ink, this work develops innovative thermal‐responsive melanin‐integrated porous microparticles (MPs) through microfluidic synthesis for periodontitis treatment. These MPs are composed of melanin nanoparticles (NPs), poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), and agarose. Benefiting from the excellent biocompatibility and large surface area ratio of MPs, they can deliver abundant melanin NPs. Under near‐infrared irradiation, the melanin NPs can convert photo energy into thermal energy. This leads to agarose melting and subsequent shrinkage of the microspheres induced by pNIPAM, thereby facilitating the release of melanin NPs. In addition, the released melanin NPs can serve as a highly effective photothermal agent, displaying potent antibacterial activity against porphyromonas gingivalis and possessing natural anti‐inflammatory properties. These unique characteristics are further demonstrated through in vivo experiments, showing the antibacterial effects in the treatment of infected wounds and periodontitis. Therefore, the catfish‐inspired photo‐responsive antibacterial MPs with controlled‐release drug delivery hold tremendous potential in clinical antibacterial applications.
Offsets in tide-gauge reference levels detected by satellite altimetry: ten case studies
Authors: Ray R. D. , Widlansky M. J. , Genz A. S. , Thompson P. R.
Published: December 2023

Comparing measurements of absolute sea level by satellite altimetry and relative sea level by a tide gauge can reveal errors in either measurement system. Combining the measurements can determine vertical land motion (VLM) at the tide gauge. We here discuss ten case studies in which a tide gauge has likely experienced a small ($$\le 10$$

≤
10

 cm), discontinuous offset in the vertical, suggesting inadvertent loss of reference-level stability. Proper interpretation of offsets is helped if independent VLM measurements from nearby geodetic stations are available. In two cases, earthquake-induced VLM cannot be ruled out, although it appears unlikely. Offsets as small as 1–2 cm can be detected when both altimeter and tide gauge successfully observe the same ocean signal. This is most likely to occur for tide gauges located on small, open-ocean islands. Tide gauges near large land masses are typically more challenging owing to inadequacies of satellite altimetry near land and to differences between coastal and open-ocean sea levels. The case studies highlight the utility of satellite altimetry for tide-gauge quality control.
Does SANAD II help with gender-specific problems in epilepsy treatment?—English Version
Authors: Tettenborn B. , Baumgartner C. , Schmitz B. , Steinhoff B. J.
Published: December 2023

Gender-specific differences in the treatment of epilepsy are a continuous challenge in the choice of treatment. Earlier studies on antiseizure medication often only or predominantly included male patients. The establishment of pregnancy registries including girls and women of childbearing age with epilepsy in Europe and North America have given many more insights into the side effects as well the teratogenic effects of antiseizure medications (ASM) on their children. The SANAD II study provided essential new data on the clinical effectiveness as well as the cost-effectiveness of the most frequently used antiseizure medications in focal, generalized and unclassifiable epilepsies. These results were taken into account for the new revised guidelines of the German, Austrian and Swiss neurological societies on epilepsy treatment in adults; however, several aspects regarding the gender-specific choice of antiseizure medication remain controversial, especially the use of valproate in generalized epilepsy.
Comparing the views of mental health professionals and volunteers on volunteering in mental health care in the UK
Authors: Pinto da Costa Mariana , Aviron Paula
Published: December 2023

Voluntary schemes can serve to address reduced social functioning experienced by people with mental illness. However, the views of the key stakeholders in such provision remains under-researched.

This article aimed to compare the views of mental health professionals and volunteers on volunteering in mental health care in the UK through a qualitative study analysing the data of six focus groups with n = 27 participants using thematic analysis.

Six overarching themes were identified: (i) An act of friendship but not a true friendship, (ii) Addressing a social agenda, (iii) Structure and responsibility of volunteering schemes, (iv) Challenges of volunteering (v) Role of technology in volunteering and (vi) Impact on wider mental health care. Whilst various commonalities were identified, nuances in participants views suggest stakeholders may place differing levels of importance on the volunteering framework.

Volunteering as a social intervention for people with mental illness was deemed to hold significant importance in wider mental health care. The divergent views expressed between stakeholders can be attributed to their own direct experiences with patients in practice and suggests there is a need for flexibility in the design and delivery of voluntary programmes.
Adherence of patients with schizophrenia to hypothyroidism treatment
Authors: Gur Shay , Weizman Shira , Hermesh Haggai , Matalon Andre , Meyerovitch Joseph , Krivoy Amir
Published: December 2023

Adherence to prescription medications is critical for both remission from schizophrenia and control of physical comorbidities. While schizophrenia with comorbid hypothyroidism is common, there is little research on adherence to hypothyroidism treatment in this population. The current study used a retrospective, matched case-control design. The cohort included 1,252 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to ICD-10 and 3,756 controls matched for gender, age, socioeconomic status and ethnicity without diagnosis of schizophrenia. All data were retrieved from the electronic medical database of a large health maintenance organization. Retrieved data included demographics, thyroid functionality test results and prescribed medications. Measures of adherence to therapy were used for analyses as were data from follow-ups of patients with hypothyroidism. A diagnosis of hypothyroidism was found in 299 patients, 115 of whom were also diagnosed with schizophrenia. The 184 without schizophrenia constituted the control group. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups regarding prescriptions for L-thyroxin and TSH levels and number of TSH tests. Adherence of patients with schizophrenia to hypothyroidism treatment was found to be as good as that of individuals without a schizophrenia diagnosis.
Mild Behavioral Impairment
Authors: Haussmann Robert , Lange Jan , Donix Markus
Published: December 2023

Abstract: Socially inappropriate behavior accompanies and modulates delinquency across the lifespan. In contrast to young people, the emergence of such traits among older individuals could indicate incipient neurodegenerative disease. Before developing a neurocognitive disorder, subtle behavioral changes may reflect a disintegration of neural networks involved in impulse control or social cognition. Whereas psychiatric evaluation often considers a comprehensive cognitive assessment, unremarkable results may discourage clinicians from recognizing brain disease underlying behavioral disturbance. We first provide an overview of its manifestations and neural correlates and the interrelations with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) before demonstrating how to investigate and diagnose mild behavioral impairment (MBI). Finally, we show how to appreciate MBI in geriatric forensic psychiatry.
Validation of the Danish Version of Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ) – Introducing the PTQ Short Version
Authors: Moeller Stine Bjerrum , Larsen Pia Veldt , Arendt Ida-Marie T. P. , Ehring Thomas , Reinholt Nina , Hvenegaard Morten , Christensen Anne Bryde , Arnfred Sidse
Published: December 2023

Abstract: Introduction: The Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ) measures repetitive negative thinking and has been translated and validated in several countries. However, the PTQ has not been translated and validated in a Danish clinical sample. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the PTQ in a Danish clinical population and to introduce a shorter, 9-item version of the PTQ, the PTQ-9. Methods: Participants were recruited from a multicenter randomized clinical trial ( N = 251). They all completed the PTQ and World Health Organization 5-item Wellbeing Index (WHO-5). Participants were further assessed with the 6-item Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A6) and the 6-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D6). Results: The 2nd order factor model with one higher order general factor and three lower order factors showed the best model fit for the PTQ and the PTQ-9. Both versions showed good internal consistency and the expected correlations with the constructs used for validation. Furthermore, using WHO-5 as primary outcome, both the PTQ and PTQ-9 versions were able to discriminate between treatment responders and nonresponders. Conclusion: The PTQ and the PTQ-9 showed satisfying psychometric properties in a Danish clinical sample, including sensitivity to change, and could be used to evaluate psychotherapeutic treatment. To minimize the burden for the patients, the PTQ-9 may be recommended for clinical use over the PTQ.
Thunderquakes Map the Subsurface
Authors: Derouin Sarah
Published: December 2023

Researchers have figured out how rumbling thunder turns to seismic waves and how this shaking could be used to reveal subsurface geology.
Isoprene Production and Its Driving Factors in the Northwest Pacific Ocean
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhang Hong‐Hai , Booge Dennis , Zhang Yue‐Qi , Li Xiao‐Jun , Wu Ying‐Cui , Zhang Jia‐Wei , Chen Zhao‐Hui
Published: December 2023

Marine isoprene plays a crucial role in the formation of secondary organic aerosol within the remote marine boundary layer. Due to scarce field measurements of oceanic isoprene and limited laboratory‐based studies of isoprene production, assessing the importance of marine isoprene on atmospheric chemistry and climate is challenging. Calculating in‐field isoprene production rates is a crucial step to predict marine isoprene concentrations and the subsequent emissions to the atmosphere. The distribution, sources, and dominant environmental factors of isoprene were determined in the Northwest Pacific Ocean in 2019. The nutrient enrichment in the Kuroshio Oyashio Extension (KOE) surface seawater, driven by the upwelling and atmospheric deposition, promoted the growth of phytoplankton and elevated the isoprene concentration. This was confirmed by observed responses of isoprene to nutrients and aerosol dust additions in a ship‐based incubation experiment, where the isoprene concentrations increased by 70% (t = 4.417, p < 0.001) and 35% (t = 2.387, p < 0.05), respectively. Biogenic isoprene production rates in the deck incubation experiments were positively related to chlorophyll a, temperature, and solar radiation, with an average production of 7.33 ± 4.27 pmol L−1 day−1. Photochemical degradation of dissolved organic matter was likely an abiotic source of isoprene, contributing to approximately 14% of the total production. Driven by high isoprene production and extreme physical disturbance, the KOE showed very high emissions of isoprene of 46.0 ± 13.0 nmol m−2 day−1, which led to a significant influence on the oxidative capacity of the local atmosphere.
Correlation between coronavirus conspiracism and antisemitism: a cross-sectional study in the United Kingdom
Authors: Allington Daniel , Hirsh David , Katz Louise
Published: December 2023

This article presents the findings of a survey of UK-resident adults ($$n$$
n
= 1790) carried out in December 2021 and designed to test for a relationship between antisemitism and coronavirus conspiracism. Antisemitism was measured using the Generalised Antisemitism (GeAs) scale, and coronavirus conspiracism was measured using a version of the Flexible Inventory of Conspiracy Suspicions (FICS). Hypotheses and methodology were pre-registered, and all data and code are open. There was found to be a positive correlation between coronavirus conspiracy suspicions and Generalised Antisemitism, robust to demographic controls. This correlation appears to be entirely accounted for by older forms of antisemitism: antisemitism as expressed in relation to Israel and its supporters was found to be associated with coronavirus conspiracism only because both of these variables were associated with antisemitism as expressed in relation to Jews identified as Jews. Statistical analysis suggests that these findings may be generalised from the sample to the UK adult population with some confidence, although no data were collected in other national contexts, such that generalisation to other national contexts must remain speculative.
An enhanced estimator of finite population variance using two auxiliary variables under simple random sampling
Authors: Ahmad Sohaib , Adichwal Nitesh Kumar , Aamir Muhammad , Shabbir Javid , Alsadat Najwan , Elgarhy Mohammed , Ahmad Hijaz
Published: December 2023

In this article, we have suggested a new improved estimator for estimation of finite population variance under simple random sampling. We use two auxiliary variables to improve the efficiency of estimator. The numerical expressions for the bias and mean square error are derived up to the first order approximation. To evaluate the efficiency of the new estimator, we conduct a numerical study using four real data sets and a simulation study. The result shows that the suggested estimator has a minimum mean square error and higher percentage relative efficiency as compared to all the existing estimators. These findings demonstrate the significance of our suggested estimator and highlight its potential applications in various fields. Theoretical and numerical analyses show that our suggested estimator outperforms all existing estimators in terms of efficiency. This demonstrates the practical value of incorporating auxiliary variables into the estimation process and the potential for future research in this area.
A novel approach for power ramps classification in wind generation
Authors: Eltohamy M. Saber , Abdel Moteleb M. Said , Talaat Hossam E. A. , Mekhamer S. F. , Omran Walid A.
Published: December 2023

Ramp events are characterized by large power changes in a short period and increase with increasing renewable generation. Even with hourly forecasts, their predictions are still unreliable. Thus, grid operators should classify these power ramps to understand their expected occurrence periods and range to balance them. Previous research was based on a binary classification of ramp events, which assumed that ramp events were similar to one another, which is not true. Some other studies used randomization and non-causative classification methods. Hence, a more accurate method is still needed. The paper presents two new methods for ramp event classification. The first method depends on the standard deviation score, and the second method assigns a score to each ramp, which depends on the maximum value of the historical power ramps that occurred within the studied time period. The new classification methods are applied to the output power of Belgium’s aggregated wind farms from 2015 to 2019, and the relative frequency of each ramp category is determined. The results revealed that, even though the capacity of wind installations has doubled, ramping behaviour is nearly the same in all years.
Pore size engineering of cost-effective all-nanoporous multilayer membranes for propane/propylene separation
Authors: Dehghan Fahime , Rashidi Alimorad , Parvizian Fahime , Moghadassi Abdolreza
Published: December 2023

In this study, a new multi-layer hybrid nanocomposite membrane named MFI/GO/ZIF-8 has been synthesized. This membrane combines three nanoporous materials with different morphologies in one membrane without using polymer materials. This allows access to a previously accessible region of very high permeability and selectivity properties. In addition to introducing a new and efficient MFI/GO/ZIF-8 membrane in this work, controlling the pore size of the zeolite layer has been investigated to increase the selectivity and permeability of propylene. The membrane was made using a solvent-free hydrothermal method and a layer-by-layer deposition method. To control the pore size of the MFI layer, a two-step synthesis strategy has been implemented. In the first step, three key parameters, including crystallization time, NaOH concentration and aging time of initial suspension, are controlled. In the second step, the effect of three additional parameters including hydrothermal time, hydrothermal temperature and NH4F concentration has been investigated. The results show that the optimal pore size has decreased from 177.8 nm to 120.53 nm (i.e., 32.2%). The MFI/GO/ZIF-8 membrane with fine-tuned crystal size in the zeolite layer was subjected to detailed tests for propylene selectivity and permeability. The structural characteristics of the membrane were also performed using FT-IR, XRD, FESEM and EDS techniques. The results show that the synergistic interaction between the three layers in the nanocomposite membrane significantly improves the selectivity and permeability of propylene. The permeability and selectivity of propylene increased from 50 to 60 GPU and from 136 to 177, respectively, before and after precise crystal size control. MFI/GO/ZIF-8 membrane by controlling the pore size of the zeolite layer shows a significant increase of 23.1% in selectivity and 16.7% in propylene permeability compared to the initial state. Also, due to the precise synthesis method, the absence of solvent and the use of cheap support, the prepared membrane is considered an environmentally friendly and low-cost membrane. This study emphasizes the potential of increasing the selectivity and permeability of propylene in the MFI/GO/ZIF-8 hybrid membrane by controlling the crystal size of the zeolite layer.