Prevalensi dan karakteristik penderita kusta di Kabupaten Klungkung, Bali kurun pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Putera Dewa Ayu Devi Anjaswari , Artana I Putu 
Published: November 2023

Background: Leprosy as one of the neglected tropical diseases which can attack various parts of body causing disability. Indonesia ranks 3rd in the highest leprosy cases in the world, with six provinces yet to achieve leprosy elimination. Bali Province has achieved leprosy elimination but has yet to achieve free leprosy. Klungkung Regency is included in the top three regencies in Bali, with the highest prevalence of leprosy. In the Pandemic, COVID-19 has impacted efforts to control leprosy. This study aims to determine the prevalence and characteristics of leprosy patients in Klungkung Regency during the COVID-19 pandemic
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from Klungkung District Health Office for 2019-2021. The data will be obtained from July-September 2022. The research sample of 22 leprosy patients was obtained by purposive sampling technique.
Results: Leprosy prevalence of 0.95/10,000 population in 2019 (pre-pandemic), 0.1/10,000 population in 2020 (first-year pandemic), and 0.28/10,000 population in 2021 (second-year pandemic). The distribution of leprosy patients is dominant aged 15-64 years (86.4%), male (59.1%), last education SD/equivalent (68.2%), farmer occupation (40.9%), from Nusa Penida sub-district (54.5%), registered in primary health facilities (100%), multibacillary leprosy type (100%), and COVID-19 status is not infected (100%).
Conclusion: The prevalence of leprosy fluctuated in the Klungkung Regency during the COVID-19 pandemic. Has achieved the leprosy elimination target but is categorized as areas with a high burden of leprosy. Leprosy patient in this regency has variant characteristics.
 
Latar belakang: Kusta sebagai salah satu penyakit tropis terabaikan yang menyerang berbagai bagian tubuh serta dapat menimbulkan kecacatan. Indonesia menempati peringkat ketiga kasus tertinggi di dunia, dengan 6 provinsi belum mencapai eliminasi kusta. Provinsi Bali telah mencapai eleminasi kusta namun belum bebas kusta. Kabupaten Klungkung termasuk dalam 3 besar kabupaten/kota di Bali dengan prevalensi tertinggi. Pandemi COVID-19 membawa dampak pada upaya penanggulangan kusta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan karakteristik penderita kusta di Kabupaten Klungkung kurun pandemi COVID-19.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan cross-sectional dari data sekunder Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Klungkung periode tahun 2019-2021. Penarikan data dilakukan selama bulan Juli-September 2022. Sampel penelitian sejumlah 22 penderita kusta didapat dengan teknik purposive sampling.
Hasil: Prevalensi kusta 0,95/10.000 penduduk tahun 2019 (pra pandemi), 0,1/10.000 penduduk tahun 2020 (pandemi tahun pertama), dan 0,28/10.000 penduduk tahun 2021 (pandemi tahun kedua). Distribusi penderita dominan berusia 15-64 tahun (86,4%), laki-laki (59,1%), pendidikan terakhir SD/sederajat (68,2%), pekerjaan petani (40,9%), asal daerah Kecamatan Nusa Penida (54,5%), terdaftar di faskes primer (100%), tipe kusta Multibasiler (100%), dan status COVID-19 tidak terinfeksi (100%).
Simpulan: Prevalensi kusta di Kabupaten Klungkung kurun pandemi COVID-19 berfluktuasi. Telah mencapai target eleminasi kusta namun termasuk daerah dengan beban kusta tinggi (high burden). Karakteristik penderita kusta pada daerah ini beragam.