bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Domain-interface dynamics of CFTR revealed by stabilizing nanobodies
Authors: Sigoillot Maud , Overtus Marie , Grodecka Magdalena , Scholl Daniel , Garcia-Pino Abel , Laeremans Toon , He Lihua , Pardon Els , Hildebrandt Ellen , Urbatsch Ina , Steyaert Jan , Riordan John R. , Govaerts Cedric
Published: June 2019

The leading cause of cystic fibrosis (CF) is the deletion of phenylalanine 508 (F508del) in the first nucleotide-binding domain (NBD1) of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The mutation affects the thermodynamic stability of the domain and the integrity of the interface between NBD1 and the transmembrane domain leading to its clearance by the quality control system. Here, we develop nanobodies targeting NBD1 of human CFTR and demonstrate their ability to stabilize both isolated NBD1 and full-length protein. Crystal structures of NBD1-nanobody complexes provide an atomic description of the epitopes and reveal the molecular basis for stabilization. Furthermore, our data uncover a conformation of CFTR, involving detachment of NBD1 from the transmembrane domain, which contrast with the compact assembly observed in cryo-EM structures. This unexpected interface rearrangement is likely to have major relevance for CF pathogenesis but also for the normal function of CFTR and other ABC proteins.
Long non-coding and coding RNA profiling using strand-specific RNA-seq in human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Liu Xuanyu , Ma Yi , Yin Kunlun , Li Wenke , Chen Wen , Zhang Yujing , Zhu Changsheng , Li Tianjiao , Han Bianmei , Liu Xuewen , Wang Shuiyun , Zhou Zhou
Published: June 2019

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) represents one of the most common heritable heart diseases. However, the signalling pathways and regulatory networks underlying the pathogenesis of HCM remain largely unknown. Here, we present a strand-specific RNA-seq dataset for both coding and lncRNA profiling in myocardial tissues from 28 HCM patients and 9 healthy donors. This dataset constitutes a valuable resource for the community to examine the dysregulated coding and lncRNA genes in HCM versus normal conditions.
Publisher Correction: Enhanced food-related responses in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex in narcolepsy type 1
Authors: van Holst Ruth Janke , Janssen Lieneke K. , van Mierlo Petra , Lammers Gert Jan , Cools Roshan , Overeem Sebastiaan , Aarts Esther
Published: June 2019

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Functional roles of hnRNPA2/B1 regulated by METTL3 in mammalian embryonic development
Authors: Kwon Jeongwoo , Jo Yu-Jin , Namgoong Suk , Kim Nam-Hyung
Published: June 2019

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNPA2/B1) plays an important role in RNA processing via in m6A modification of pre-mRNA or pre-miRNA. However, the functional role of and relationship between m6A and hnRNPA2/B1 in early embryonic development are unclear. Here, we found that hnRNPA2/B1 is crucial for early embryonic development by virtue of regulating specific gene transcripts. HnRNPA2/B1 was localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm during subsequent embryonic development, starting at fertilization. Knockdown of hnRNPA2/B1 delayed embryonic development after the 4-cell stage and blocked further development. RNA-Seq analysis revealed changes in the global expression patterns of genes involved in transcription, translation, cell cycle, embryonic stem cell differentiation, and RNA methylation in hnRNPA2/B1 KD blastocysts. The levels of the inner cell mass markers OCT4 and SOX2 were decreased in hnRNPA2/B1 KD blastocysts, whereas that of the differentiation marker GATA4 was decreased. N6-Adenosine methyltransferase METTL3 knock-down caused embryonic developmental defects similar to those in hnRNPA2/B1 KD embryos. Moreover, METTL3 KD blastocysts showed increased mis-localization of hnRNPA2/B1 and decreased m6A RNA methylation. Taken together, our results suggest that hnRNPA2/B1 is essential for early embryogenesis through the regulation of transcription-related factors and determination of cell fate transition. Moreover, hnRNPA2/B1 is regulated by METTL3-dependent m6A RNA methylation.
Membrane phospholipid alteration causes chronic ER stress through early degradation of homeostatic ER-resident proteins
Authors: Shyu Peter , Ng Benjamin S. H. , Ho Nurulain , Chaw Ruijie , Seah Yi Ling , Marvalim Charlie , Thibault Guillaume
Published: June 2019

Phospholipid homeostasis in biological membranes is essential to maintain functions of organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum. Phospholipid perturbation has been associated to cellular stress responses. However, in most cases, the implication of membrane lipid changes to homeostatic cellular response has not been clearly defined. Previously, we reported that Saccharomyces cerevisiae adapts to lipid bilayer stress by upregulating several protein quality control pathways such as the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway and the unfolded protein response (UPR). Surprisingly, we observed certain ER-resident transmembrane proteins, which form part of the UPR programme, to be destabilised under lipid bilayer stress. Among these, the protein translocon subunit Sbh1 was prematurely degraded by membrane stiffening at the ER. Moreover, our findings suggest that the Doa10 complex recognises free Sbh1 that becomes increasingly accessible during lipid bilayer stress, perhaps due to the change in ER membrane properties. Premature removal of key ER-resident transmembrane proteins might be an underlying cause of chronic ER stress as a result of lipid bilayer stress.
Association between radiation, glaucoma subtype, and retinal vessel diameter in atomic bomb survivors
Authors: Kiuchi Yoshiaki , Yanagi Masahide , Itakura Katsumasa , Takahashi Ikuno , Hida Ayumi , Ohishi Waka , Furukawa Kyoji
Published: June 2019

We examined the relationship between glaucoma subtype and retinal vascular caliber as markers of ocular circulation. Subjects were Japanese atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. After a screening examination, potential cases were subjected to further definitive examination. The diameters of central retinal artery and vein equivalents (CRAE and CRVE) on digitized retinal photographs were measured using an established method. Generalized linear regression analyses were used to examine the associations among vessel diameters, radiation exposure, and prevalence of glaucoma subtypes among the study subjects. We identified 196 cases of glaucoma (12%) based on optic disc appearance, perimetry results, and other ocular findings. The main subtypes were primary angle-closure glaucoma, primary open-angle glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). NTG was the dominant subtype (78%). NTG was negatively associated with CRAE and CRVE, and positively associated with radiation dose. CRVE was negatively associated with radiation dose and the association was unclear for CRAE. The smaller retinal vessel caliber in NTG patients than in subjects without glaucoma may indicate an association between ocular blood flow and the pathogenesis of NTG. However, significant relationships among vessel calibers, NTG and radiation exposure were not clear.
Shallow landslide disposition in burnt European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests
Authors: Gehring Eric , Conedera Marco , Maringer Janet , Giadrossich Filippo , Guastini Enrico , Schwarz Massimiliano
Published: June 2019

Tree roots contribute significantly to soil strength on hillslopes. In the case of wildfires, this effect may abruptly vanish and be lacking for a considerable period of time depending on the resistance and resilience of the forest. Despite its importance, quantitative data on the impact and dynamics of wildfires on slope stabilization is still lacking. We use the study case of the Fagus sylvatica L. to quantify the medium-term evolution of root reinforcement and its effect on slope stability in fire-injured forests. In the study, we upscale root reinforcement using field data for the calibration of the Root Bundle Model and detailed information on forest structure in 244 plots, and calculate the spatio-temporal dynamics of forest protective capacity using a three-dimensional probabilistic slope stability model (slideforNET) for different site types. In unburnt and low-burn forests, the protective capacity was found to remain constant over time. Forests hit by moderate burns continue to provide adequate protection for shallow (depth < 0.5 m) and cohesive soils only, whereas in the case of high severity fires, the protective capacity vanishes for 15 years and an increased shallow landslide probability remains for at least 40 years. These conditions call for appropriate sylvicultural post-fire measures.
C/EBPβ-LIP induces cancer-type metabolic reprogramming by regulating the let-7/LIN28B circuit in mice
Authors: Ackermann Tobias , Hartleben Götz , Müller Christine , Mastrobuoni Guido , Groth Marco , Sterken Britt A. , Zaini Mohamad A. , Youssef Sameh A. , Zuidhof Hidde R. , Krauss Sara R. , Kortman Gertrud , de Haan Gerald , de Bruin Alain , Wang Zhao-Qi , Platzer Matthias , Kempa Stefan , Calkhoven Cornelis F.
Published: June 2019

The transcription factors LAP1, LAP2 and LIP are derived from theCebpb-mRNA through the use of alternative start codons. High LIP expression has been associated with human cancer and increased cancer incidence in mice. However, how LIP contributes to cellular transformation is poorly understood. Here we present that LIP induces aerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration reminiscent of cancer metabolism. We show that LIP-induced metabolic programming is dependent on the RNA-binding protein LIN28B, a translational regulator of glycolytic and mitochondrial enzymes with known oncogenic function. LIP activates LIN28B through repression of thelet-7microRNA family that targets theLin28b-mRNA. Transgenic mice overexpressing LIP have reduced levels oflet-7and increased LIN28B expression, which is associated with metabolic reprogramming as shown in primary bone marrow cells, and with hyperplasia in the skin. This study establishes LIP as an inducer of cancer-type metabolic reprogramming and as a regulator of thelet-7/LIN28B regulatory circuit.
Non-chemically modified waxy rice starch stabilised wow emulsions for salt reduction
Authors: Kasprzak Miroslaw , Wilde Peter , Hill Sandra E. , Harding Stephen E. , Ford Rebecca , Wolf Bettina
Published: June 2019

Water-in-oil-in-water emulsions containing an internalised salt solution were stabilised with non-chemically modified waxy rice starch (WRS), and octinyl succinic anhydride (OSA) as reference, to release salt during oral processing due to amylase-induced destabilisation.
Elasticity and yielding of mesophases of block copolymers in water–oil mixtures
Authors: Qavi Sahar , Firestone Millicent A. , Foudazi Reza
Published: June 2019

The interaction between micelles within randomly orientated grains determines the elastic modulus and yielding of lyotropic liquid crystals.
Association and relaxation of supra-macromolecular polymers
Authors: Boothroyd Stephen C. , Hoyle David M. , McLeish Thomas C. B. , Munch Etienne , Schach Regis , Smith Andrew J. , Thompson Richard L.
Published: June 2019

We use rheological analysis to describe the complex architecture of self-associating polymer assemblies as a mixture of branched and linear species.
Comparison between conventional and frit-inlet channels in separation of biopolymers by asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation
Authors: Fuentes Catalina , Choi Jaeyeong , Zielke Claudia , Peñarrieta J. Mauricio , Lee Seungho , Nilsson Lars
Published: June 2019

Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) is a separation technique in which a focusing/relaxation step is used after the sample is injected onto the separation channel. This step is avoid when a Frit Inlet (FI-AF4) channel is used.
Tn antigen analogues: the synthetic way to “upgrade” an attracting tumour associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA)
Authors: Nativi Cristina , Papi Francesco , Roelens Stefano
Published: June 2019

Herein, we report various synthetic strategies used to boost the Tn antigen immune response and elicit an effective and long-lasting response.
Rational structural design of benzothiazolium-based crystal HDB-T with high nonlinearity and efficient terahertz-wave generation
Authors: Shi Jingkai , Liang Fei , He Yixin , Zhang Xinyuan , Lin Zheshuai , Xu Degang , Hu Zhanggui , Yao Jianquan , Wu Yicheng
Published: June 2019

A new benzothiazolium-based crystal of HDB-T (C25H25NO4S2) was designed and synthesized. It achieves large SHG response and efficient terahertz-wave generation.
Solution-phase synthesis of CsPbI3 nanowire clusters via polymer-induced anisotropic growth and self-assembly
Authors: Chen Yu , Zhao Litao , Peng Lucheng , Li Xiaobin , Zheng Kai , Qu Junle , Song Jun
Published: June 2019

A facile solution-phase synthesis of black γ-phase CsPbI3 nanowire clusters was developed using poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as surfactant.
Synthesis of Pt@TiO2 nanocomposite electrocatalysts for enhanced methanol oxidation by hydrophobic nanoreactor templating
Authors: Unmüssig Tobias , Melke Julia , Fischer Anna
Published: June 2019

In this work Pt@TiO2 nanocomposite electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation were synthesized using a one-pot process by hydrophobic nanoreactor templating.
Separation of chiral enantiomers by optical force and torque induced by tightly focused vector polarized hollow beams
Authors: Liu Xingguang , Li Junqing , Zhang Qiang , Dirbeba Mamo Gebeyehu
Published: June 2019

Tightly focused vector polarized hollow beams can carry transverse spin angular momentum. It provides a novel approach to separating chiral enantiomers, which is important for biology, chemistry and even pharmaceutical industries.
The water–carbon monoxide dimer: new infrared spectra, ab initio rovibrational energy level calculations, and an interesting in-termolecular mode
Authors: Barclay A. J. , van der Avoird A. , McKellar A. R. W. , Moazzen-Ahmadi N.
Published: June 2019

Bound state rovibrational energy level calculations using a high-level intermolecular potential surface are reported for H2O–CO and D2O–CO.
Integration of piezoelectric effect into a Au/ZnO photocatalyst for efficient charge separation
Authors: Ye Yun , Wang Kaiqiang , Huang Xueyan , Lei Rui , Zhao Yan , Liu Ping
Published: June 2019

A highly active photocatalytic system integrating piezoelectric effect into Au/ZnO photocatalyst was constructed to promote simultaneous separation of photogenerated carriers on the surface and bulk.
A facile route to prepare mixed transition metal oxide yolk–shell microspheres for enhanced lithium storage
Authors: Gu Yuanxiang , Xuan Yuxue , Zhang Heng , Deng Xiaoyan , Sun Yanhui , Wang Lei
Published: June 2019

Yolk–shell ZnCo2O4 microspheres were prepared via a coordination co-precipitation route, which exhibited superior electrochemical performance.
Synthesis of high-performance insensitive energetic materials based on nitropyrazole and 1,2,4-triazole
Authors: Xu Minxian , Cheng Guangbin , Xiong Hualin , Wang Bohan , Ju Xuehai , Yang Hongwei
Published: June 2019

A new family of symmetric nitropyrazole and 1,2,4-triazole derivatives and its energetic salts were obtained. The positive effect of ternary hydrogen bonds improve the performances of target compounds.
An activation-free route to porous magnetic carbon adsorbents for the removal of phenolic compounds
Authors: Strachowski Przemysław , Kiciński Wojciech , Fronczak Maciej , Kaszuwara Waldemar , Baranowski Piotr , Bystrzejewski Michał
Published: June 2019

Magnetic composite carbon xerogels were synthesizedviaacidic gelation of resorcinol and furfural in the presence of carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles with subsequent carbonization of the as-obtained magnetic organic xerogel.
High-level nitrogen-doped, micro/mesoporous carbon as an efficient metal-free electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction: optimizing the reaction surface area by a solvent-free mechanochemical method
Authors: Zhang Wendu , Qi Jiawei , Bai Peiyao , Wang Huifen , Xu Lang
Published: June 2019

Acting as an efficient metal-free ORR electrocatalyst, nitrogen-doped porous carbon derived from coconut mesocarp was prepared by a solvent-free ball-milling process.
Biomass-based quantum dots co-doped with sulfur and nitrogen for highly sensitive detection of thrombin and its inhibitor
Authors: Hu Yuefang , Zhao Jingjin , Li Xuefeng , Zhao Shulin
Published: June 2019

A biomass-based quantum dots co-doped with sulfur and nitrogen was prepared by using garlic and ginger as precursors, and used for the detection of thrombin and its inhibitor based on the inner filter effect (IFE).
Measurements of aptamer–protein binding kinetics using graphene field-effect transistors
Authors: Wang Xuejun , Hao Zhuang , Olsen Timothy R. , Zhang Wenjun , Lin Qiao
Published: June 2019

Kinetics of aptamer-protein binding at different ionic strengths and temperatures are characterized using graphene field-effect transistors.
Low-dimensional iodide perovskite nanocrystals enable efficient red emission
Authors: Martínez-Sarti Laura , Jo Seung Hyeon , Kim Young-Hoon , Sessolo Michele , Palazon Francisco , Lee Tae-Woo , Bolink Henk J.
Published: June 2019

We report herein a simple ligand-assisted reprecipitation method at room temperature to synthesize mixed-cation hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite nanocrystals with low structural dimensionality.
Regioselective oxidation of indoles to 2-oxindoles
Authors: Shelar Santosh V. , Argade Narshinha P.
Published: June 2019

Facile regioselective oxidation of indoles to 2-oxindoles promoted by sulfuric acid adsorbed on silica gel is reported.
Metal-free regioselective direct thiolation of 2-pyridones
Authors: Phakdeeyothin Kunita , Yotphan Sirilata
Published: June 2019

A metal-free site-selective approach for direct C–H thiolation of 2-pyridones was developed.
First-principles study of Ni adatom migration on graphene with vacancies
Authors: Hernández-Vázquez E. E. , Munoz F. , López-Moreno S. , Morán-López J. L.
Published: June 2019

Adsorption and diffusion of Ni atom over graphene with a vacancy were studied using first-principles calculations.
Poly(adenine)-mediated DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles for sensitive detection of mercury ions in aqueous media
Authors: Yin Jinjin , Wang Jiuchao , Yang Xiyue , Wu Tao , Wang Huashan , Zhou Xiaoming
Published: June 2019

In this work, a facile and sensitive colorimetric sensor for Hg2+ ions based on poly (adenine)-mediated DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) is reported.
Interplay between spin-crossover and luminescence in a multifunctional single crystal iron(ii) complex: towards a new generation of molecular sensors
Authors: Benaicha Bouabdellah , Van Do Khanh , Yangui Aymen , Pittala Narsimhulu , Lusson Alain , Sy Mouhamadou , Bouchez Guillaume , Fourati Houcem , Gómez-García Carlos J. , Triki Smail , Boukheddaden Kamel
Published: June 2019

Multifunctional mononuclear iron(ii) complex coordinated with six phosphorescent ligands exhibiting correlated spin-crossover transition and enhanced fluorescence.
Flow-driven disclination lines of nematic liquid crystals inside a rectangular microchannel
Authors: Liu Zongdai , Luo Dan , Yang Kun-Lin
Published: June 2019

Flowing liquid crystal forms surface-responsive disclination lines inside microchannels.
A multifunctional Zr(iv)-based metal–organic framework for highly efficient elimination of Cr(vi) from the aqueous phase
Authors: Liu Junmin , Ye Yu , Sun Xiaodong , Liu Bing , Li Guanghua , Liang Zhiqiang , Liu Yunling
Published: June 2019

An ultra-stable, multifunctional Zr-MOF material with the AIE effect has been successfully prepared, which can highly capture, selectively detect and photo-reduce Cr2O72− in aqueous. It can be a promising candidate for efficiently eliminating Cr(vi).
Accurately cleavable goat β-lactoglobulin signal peptide efficiently guided translation of a recombinant human plasminogen activator in transgenic rabbit mammary gland
Authors: Lu Rui , Zhang Ting , Song Shaozheng , Zhou Minya , Jiang Lei , He Zhengyi , Yuan Yuguo , Yuan Tingting , Lu Yaoyao , Yan Kunning , Cheng Yong
Published: June 2019

Poor expression is the key factor hampering the large-scale application of transgenic animal mammary gland bioreactors. A very different approach would be to evaluate the secretion of recombinant proteins into milk in response to a cleavable signal peptide of highly secreted lactoproteins.

We previously reported rabbits harboring mammary gland-specific expression vector containing a fusion cDNA (goat β-lactoglobulin (BLG) signal peptide and recombinant human plasminogen activator (rhPA) coding sequences) expressed rhPA in the milk, but we did not realize the signal peptide contributed to the high rhPA concentration and did not mention it at that time. And the molecular structure and biological characteristics still remain unknown. So, rhPA in the milk was purified and characterized in the present study.

rhPA was purified from the milk, and the purity of the recovered product was 98% with no loss of biological activity. Analysis of the N-terminal sequence, C-terminal sequence, and the molecular mass of purified rhPA revealed that they matched the theoretical design requirements. The active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) reactions of the purified rhPA were negative. Taken together, these results indicated that the goat BLG signal peptide can efficiently mediate rhPA secretion into milk and was accurately cleaved off from rhPA by endogenous rabbit signal peptidase.

We have reinforced the importance of a rhPA coding region fused to a cleavable heterologous signal peptide from highly secreted goat BLG to improve recombinant protein expression. It is anticipated that these findings will be widely applied to high-yield production of medically important recombinant proteins.
Diagnostic value of RASSF1A methylation for breast cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Li Mingyi , Wang Chunpeng , Yu Binbin , Zhang Xueyuan , Shi Fang , Liu Xin
Published: June 2019

Background: Numerous studies reported that RAS-association domain family 1 isoform A (RASSF1A) methylation might act as diagnostic biomarker for breast cancer (BC), this meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the value of RASSF1A methylation for diagnosing BC.

Methods: Such databases as PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases were searched for literatures until May 2019. A meta-analysis was performed utilizing STATA and Revman softwares. Furthermore, subgroup analysis was adopted to determine likely sources of heterogeneity.

Results: Totally 19 literatures with 1849 patients and 1542 controls were included in the present study. Sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of RASSF1A methylation for diagnosing BC were 0.49, 0.95, 19.0 and 0.83, respectively. The sensitivity (0.54 vs 0.43), DOR (30.0 vs 10.0) and AUC (0.84 vs 0.81) of RASSF1A methylation in Caucasian were higher than other ethnicities. The sensitivity (0.64 vs 0.57), DOR (21.0 vs 14.0) and AUC (0.89 vs 0.86) of methylation-specific PCR (MSP) were superior to other methods (q-MSP, OS-MSP and MethyLight). The sensitivity, DOR and AUC of serum RASSF1A methylation vs RASSF1A methylation in other samples (tissue or plasma) were 0.55 vs 0.40, 22.0 vs 14.0 and 0.86 vs 0.74, respectively.

Conclusions: RASSF1A methylation might be a potential diagnostic biomarker for BC. Considering its low sensitivity and high specificity, it should combine with others to upgrade the sensitivity. Besides, under such conditions, MSP detection, serum RASSF1A methylation and Caucasian are shown to be more effective and suitable for diagnosing BC.
Operation of grid‐connected DFIG using SPWM‐ and THIPWM‐based diode‐clamped multilevel inverters
Authors: Hossam‐Eldin Ahmed A. , Negm Emtethal , Elgamal Mohamed S. , AboRas Kareem M.
Published: June 2019

This paper proposes a WECS based on a back to back diode‐clamped multilevel inverter systems (DCMLI) fired comparatively by sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) and third harmonic injection pulse width modulation (THIPWM) techniques. DFIG performance is compared using these technologies for different wind speed under normal operation condition. The proposed approach shows that the DCMLI systems generate a nearly sinusoidal voltage with reduced total harmonic distortion (THD) thus upgrading the power quality of that produced by DFIG. As SPWM and THIPWM MLI are most common usage techniques in research, we applied them in the system to discuss a comparison of using those techniques to determine the number of levels that achieve the IEEE 519 criteria of THD which is less than 5% for both techniques (5th level for SPWM and 4th level for THIPWM) in all operation wind speed. Compared with simple PWM, and THIPWM have many advantages as lower THD, minimal number of switching to decrease switching losses and the output fundamental voltage is increased. Lastly, the paper investigates the variation of the frequency of induced rotor voltage and the active power flow due to the wind speed change when the rotor speed changes from super‐synchronous to sub‐synchronous speeds.
Vehicle type detection and passenger satisfaction analysis using smartphone sensors and digital surveys
Authors: Perttula Arto , Nguyen Nhan , Collin Jussi , Jokinen Jani‐Pekka
Published: June 2019

Detailed knowledge of passenger context is essential for developing intelligent transportation systems. For example, automated ticket sales and personal routing require more information about used means of transportation than traditional time tables can offer. Here, the authors contribute to this topic by using measurements from smartphone sensors to predict (i) whether a person is inside a bus, (ii) if the person is travelling in a diesel or an electric bus, and (iii) how the person is rating the quality of the bus ride. All three tasks are worked out by using a selection of machine learning (ML) algorithms. In tandem with sensor data, collecting a digital passenger survey was conducted to add passengers' own evaluation of the quality of their bus ride. The tests showed that the context of a passenger can be predicted relatively well. However, the prediction of passenger satisfaction is a complex task that requires further research. This research aims to give a good premise for such efforts.
Two‐fold calibration approach for microscopic traffic simulation models
Authors: Karimi Mohammad , Alecsandru Ciprian
Published: June 2019

Calibrating the microsimulation traffic models can be defined as a black‐box optimisation problem with some non‐concave objective functions. In this regard, the stochastic optimisation algorithms are suitable choices to explore the search space and prevent getting stuck in local optimums. However, considering only the traffic attributes‐related objectives may fail to calibrate the model in terms of safety. Therefore, by defining two different objectives, a two‐fold calibration approach is proposed such that the simulation model reproduces the real‐world transportation network more accurately, both in terms of safety and operation. Moreover, the performance of two different approaches to solve this multi‐objective optimisation problem are evaluated. It is shown that by aggregating the objectives in one single formula (i.e. a priori methods), the information exchange among solutions is not captured, which may lead to non‐optimal solutions. While this limitation is overcome by a posteriori methods since different objectives can be optimised separately and simultaneously. In this regard, the performance of posteriori‐based multi‐objective particle swarm optimisation (MOPSO) algorithm in calibrating VISSIM is compared with some priori‐based optimisation algorithms (e.g. PSO, genetic algorithm, and whale optimisation algorithm). The results show that posteriori‐based MOPSO leads to a more accurate solution set in terms of both objectives.
Formation and morphology of anomalous solar circular polarization
Authors: Carlin E. S.
Published: June 2019

Context. The morphology of spectral line polarization is the most valuable observable to investigate the magnetic and dynamic solar atmosphere. However, in order to develop solar diagnosis, it is fundamental to understand the different kinds of anomalous solar signals that are routinely found in linear and circular polarization (LP,CP).

Aims. We aim to explain and characterize the morphology of solar CP signals considering nonlocal thermodynamical equilibrium (NLTE) effects.

Methods. An analytical two-layer model of the polarized radiative transfer equation is developed and used to solve the NLTE problem with atomic polarization in a semi-parametric way. The potential of the model for reproducing anomalous CP is shown with detailed calculations and examples. A new approach based on the zeroes of polarization signals is developed to explain their morphology.

Results. We have obtained a comprehensive model that insightfully describes the formation of solar polarization with certain precision without sacrificing key physical ingredients or resorting to complex atmospheric models. The essential physical behavior of dichroism and atomic orientation has been described, introducing the concepts of dichroic inversion, neutral and reinforcing medium, critical intensity spectrum, and critical source function. We show that the zero-crossings of the CP spectrum are useful to classify its morphology and understand its formation. This led to identification and explanation of the morphology of the seven most characteristic CP signals that a single (depth-resolved) scattering layer can produce. We find that a minimal number of two magnetic layers along the line of sight is required to fully explain anomalous solar CP signals and that the morphology and polarity of Stokes V depends on magnetic, radiative, and atomic “polarities”. Some implications of these results are presented through a preliminary modeling of anomalous CP signals in the Fe I 1564.8 nm and Na I D lines.
Discovery of an old nova remnant in the Galactic globular cluster M 22
Authors: Göttgens Fabian , Weilbacher Peter M. , Roth Martin M. , Dreizler Stefan , Giesers Benjamin , Husser Tim-Oliver , Kamann Sebastian , Brinchmann Jarle , Kollatschny Wolfram , Monreal-Ibero Ana , Schmidt Kasper B. , Wendt Martin , Wisotzki Lutz , Bacon Roland
Published: June 2019

A nova is a cataclysmic event on the surface of a white dwarf in a binary system that increases the overall brightness by several orders of magnitude. Although binary systems with a white dwarf are expected to be overabundant in globular clusters compared with in the Galaxy, only two novae from Galactic globular clusters have been observed. We present the discovery of an emission nebula in the Galactic globular cluster M 22 (NGC 6656) in observations made with the integral-field spectrograph MUSE. We extracted the spectrum of the nebula and used the radial velocity determined from the emission lines to confirm that the nebula is part of NGC 6656. Emission-line ratios were used to determine the electron temperature and density. It is estimated to have a mass of 1–17 × 10−5M⊙. This mass and the emission-line ratios indicate that the nebula is a nova remnant. Its position coincides with the reported location of a “guest star”, an ancient Chinese term for transients, observed in May 48 BCE. With this discovery, this nova may be one of the oldest confirmed extra-solar events recorded in human history.
Study of the forecasting problem of energy consumption of water pumping station
Authors: Alekseev Aleksandr V.
Published: June 2019

The article describes the study of the energy consumption forecasting of city water pumping station. The review of the existing approaches for technical systems energy consumption forecasting is made. The shot description of the studied object properties including hourly energy consumption is presented. Two often used forecasting methods exponential smoothing and the autoregression of the integrated moving average methods was tested on real data. The results of predict calculations shows that the autoregression of the integrated moving average methods is suitable for energy consumption planning and can be used to submit an hourly bid for the required amount of the electricity in the wholesale market. Directions for future research is also presented.
Mütterliches Malignom in der Schwangerschaft als Ursache eines wiederholten Testversagens im nicht-invasiven Pränataltest
Authors: Karge Anne , Graupner Oliver , Abel Kathrin , Kuschel Bettina
Published: June 2019

Der nicht-invasive Pränataltest (NIPT) ist ein Screening-Test für fetale Chromosomenstörungen. Aktuelle Studien zeigen eine inzidentelle Detektion mütterlicher Malignome im Rahmen der NIPT-Diagnostik, wobei als NIPT-„Anomalie“ das simultane Vorliegen multipler Aneuploidien beschrieben wird. In diesem Fall konnte aufgrund eines wiederholten Testversagens („no call“) im NIPT die Diagnose einer maternalen Tumorerkrankung gestellt werden.
Characterization of metallization and amorphization for GaP under different hydrostatic environments in diamond anvil cell up to 40.0 GPa
Authors: Dai Lidong , Pu Chang , Li Heping , Hu Haiying , Liu Kaixiang , Yang Linfei , Hong Meiling
Published: June 2019

High–pressure phase stability of gallium phosphide was explored under different hydrostatic environments up to 40.0 GPa in a diamond anvil cell. Two irreversible phase transitions from the semiconductor to metal to an amorphous state appear at 19.8 and 31.5 GPa and as well as 22.6 and 35.3 GPa under nonhydrostatic and hydrostatic environments, respectively. Furthermore, the hysteresis effect of the high–pressure phase transition of a sphalerite–structure compound under a hydrostatic environment was disclosed. All of the obtained results can provide new insight into the underlying structural evolution and electrical transport characteristics for the semiconducting compound at different hydrostatic environments.
Shape optimization to suppress the lift oscillation of flow past a stationary circular cylinder
Authors: Chen Wengang , Li Xintao , Zhang Weiwei
Published: June 2019

The suppression of lift oscillation of flow past a stationary circular cylinder is studied to delay structural fatigue at low Reynolds numbers in incompressible Newtonian fluid. Grad-based shape optimization is employed to achieve the goal. The optimization objective is the integral of the absolute value of the lift coefficient over a vortex shedding period T. The class-shape function transformation technique is chosen as a shape parameterization method. Moreover, the unsteady adjoint method is employed to calculate the gradients of the objective with respect to shape parameters. Results show that through shape optimization, the strength of vortex shedding is sufficiently suppressed in two-dimensional flow, and the lift oscillation amplitude is reduced by nearly 50%. In addition, the flow stability is significantly improved, and the lift oscillations are completely eliminated at Re = 47–60.
Hysteresis in the temperature dependence of the IR bending vibration of deeply cooled confined water
Authors: De Michele Vincenzo , Levantino Matteo , Cupane Antonio
Published: June 2019

Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, we investigate the temperature dependence of the bending vibrations of water confined in the pores of a silica hydrogel in the temperature interval of 270–180 K. We also investigate the presence of thermal hysteresis by cooling and reheating temperature scans. The results clearly show the presence, at about 230 K, of a crossover in the temperature dependence of the IR spectra; moreover, the presence of hysteresis is clearly demonstrated. By comparing FTIR data with neutron diffraction data and previous calorimetric data on the same samples, we conclude that the crossover and the hysteretical behavior do not involve a water glass transition or crystallization but are related to a first-order-like liquid-liquid transition.
Fate of transient isomer of CH2I2: Mechanism and origin of ionic photoproducts formation unveiled by time-resolved x-ray liquidography
Authors: Park Sungjun , Choi Jungkweon , Ki Hosung , Kim Kyung Hwan , Oang Key Young , Roh Heegwang , Kim Joonghan , Nozawa Shunsuke , Sato Tokushi , Adachi Shin-ichi , Kim Jeongho , Ihee Hyotcherl
Published: June 2019

Diiodomethane, CH2I2, in a polar solvent undergoes a unique photoinduced reaction whereby I2− and I3− are produced from its photodissociation, unlike for other iodine-containing haloalkanes. While previous studies proposed that homolysis, heterolysis, or solvolysis of iso-CH2I–I, which is a major intermediate of the photodissociation, can account for the formation of I2− and I3−, there has been no consensus on its mechanism and no clue for the reason why those negative ionic species are not observed in the photodissociation of other iodine-containing chemicals in the same polar solvent, for example, CHI3, C2H4I2, C2F4I2, I3−, and I2. Here, using time-resolved X-ray liquidography, we revisit the photodissociation mechanism of CH2I2 in methanol and determine the structures of all transient species and photoproducts involved in its photodissociation and reveal that I2− and I3− are formed via heterolysis of iso-CH2I–I in the photodissociation of CH2I2 in methanol. In addition, we demonstrate that the high polarity of iso-CH2I–I is responsible for the unique photochemistry of CH2I2.
High-resolution virtual Frisch grid gamma-ray detectors based on as-grown CdZnTeSe with reduced defects
Authors: Roy Utpal N. , Camarda Giuseppe S. , Cui Yonggang , James Ralph B.
Published: June 2019

X- and gamma-ray detectors are increasingly becoming essential tools for science and technology in various fields. These detectors offer broad applications such as homeland security, nonproliferation, nuclear security, medical imaging, astrophysics, and high energy physics. All these applications demand high-resolution detectors operable at room temperature and available at a reasonable cost. CdZnTe (CZT) is the material of choice for this purpose; however, the material still suffers from intrinsic defects such as highly decorated subgrain boundary networks and a high concentration of secondary phases. These defects not only hinder the charge transport but also create a spatial inhomogeneity in the charge transport properties, subsequently causing substantial degradation in detector response particularly for relatively thick (>1 cm) detectors. Some of the material deficiencies suffered by CZT have been addressed by adding selenium into the CZT matrix. Selenium was found to be very effective in producing material that is principally free from a subgrain boundary network with the occasional appearance of subgrain boundaries with reduced secondary phases decorating these boundaries. The resulting quaternary compound CdZnTeSe (CZTS) showed excellent material quality mitigating some major deficiencies suffered by CZT. Virtual Frisch grid detectors were fabricated from the as-grown CZTS ingots, and they demonstrated high resolution spectroscopic grade. The excellent CZTS material contained very low defects and was found to potentially increase the yield of high-quality detectors as compared to CZT.
Impact of foliar and root application of phosphorus on zinc concentration of winter wheat grown in China
Authors: Shaoxia Wang , Meng Li , Xiaoyuan Zhang , Peiwen Fei , Yanlong Chen , Jianglan Shi , Xiaohong Tian
Published: June 2019

Foliar zinc (ZnSO4) application is an effective agronomic tool for Zn biofortification of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and hence for overcoming human Zn deficiency. It is unclear how the methods used to apply phosphorus (P) fertilisers affect the uptake and availability of Zn in wheat plants. Here, a solution-culture experiment and a 2-year field experiment were conducted to determine the influence of P applied to leaves or roots on total, soluble and insoluble Zn in winter wheat plants (cv. Xiaoyan-22) also receiving foliar Zn. Foliar Zn application, regardless of P application, significantly improved grain total Zn (primarily water-soluble) by 79.4% under both growth conditions, and reduced grain phytic acid:Zn (PA:Zn) molar ratio by 54.4% in the field. In solution culture, root-applied P did not affect plant uptake of foliar-applied Zn; however, foliar application of Zn plus P reduced the soluble fraction of Zn in wheat tissues, and thus decreased grain Zn concentration by 13.2% compared with Zn-only foliar application. Similarly, in the field, foliar-applied Zn plus P resulted in lower grain total and soluble Zn concentration and higher grain PA and PA:Zn molar ratio than foliar Zn alone. Overall, foliar Zn application is efficient in increasing grain Zn concentration and bioavailability under varied methods of P application. Although foliar-applied P slightly reduces the ability of plants to use foliar-applied Zn to increase grain Zn, foliar Zn combined with commonly applied foliar P application represents an easily adoptable practice for farmers that will help to alleviate Zn deficiency in human populations.
Lower levels of UV-B light trigger the adaptive responses by inducing plant antioxidant metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis in Medicago sativa seedlings
Authors: Gao Limei , Liu Ying , Wang Xiaofei , Li Yongfeng , Han Rong
Published: June 2019

Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) light, as an intrinsic part of sunlight, has more significant effects on plant growth and photomorphogenesis than other organisms due to plant’s sessile growth pattern. In our studies, we have observed that alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seedlings are very sensitive to UV-B performance. Seedlings have grown better at lower levels of UV-B light (UV-B irradiation dosage <17.35 μW cm–2 day–1), and have higher UV-resistance. However, the higher levels of UV-B light (UV-B irradiation dosage >17.35 μW cm–2 day–1) has caused severe stress injuries to alfalfa seedlings, and seriously inhibited its growth and development. Chlorophyll biosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence have been suppressed under all different dosage of UV-B light conditions. Plant antioxidant enzymes were induced by lower levels of UV-B, but greatly inhibited under higher levels of UV-B light. The contents of flavonoid compounds significantly increased under UV-B light compared with controls, and that was more significant under lower levels of UV-B than higher levels of UV-B. Therefore, we have assumed that the significant induction of plant antioxidant capacity and flavonoid excessive accumulation play a central role in alfalfa UV-B tolerance to lower levels of UV-B irradiation.
Continuity of care: why it matters and what we can do
Authors: Hofer Alexandra , McDonald Malcolm
Published: June 2019

Continuity of care matters; however, expansion and specialisation of the health system tends to fragment care. Continuity of care is accompanied by a range of patient benefits, including reduced all-cause mortality; lower rates of hospital presentation and preventable admission; and improved patient satisfaction. Potential concerns have been raised about some aspects of continuity of care, but these are outweighed by the perceived benefits. There are many barriers to achieving continuity, especially in rural and remote settings. Some practical solutions have been proposed that include adapting clinic procedures, utilising a small team approach, improving staff retention and ongoing advocacy.
Grammaticalization of semi-modals of necessity in Asian Englishes
Authors: Loureiro-Porto Lucía
Published: June 2019

The decline of central modalmustand the increase in frequency of the semi-modalshave (got) to, need (to), andwant tois one of the most conspicuous grammatical changes that inner-circle varieties of English underwent in the second half of the 20th century. Such a replacement correlates with the increasing grammaticalization of the semi-modals in terms of semantic and quantitative developments. The current paper explores the differential grammaticalization of these items in four Asian varieties of English – those spoken in India, Hong Kong, Singapore, and the Philippines – with the aim of building a grammaticalization index that will allow us to measure the extent to which the replacement of modalmustwith the semi-modals is completed in each of the varieties as compared to British English. After analyzing data from the private dialogue sections of the corresponding ICE corpora, Hong Kong English is shown to be the variety in which the replacement is closest to British English, followed by the Philippines, Singapore and India.
Extracellular vesicles in type 2 diabetes mellitus: key roles in pathogenesis, complications, and therapy
Authors: Xiao Yongwei , Zheng Lei , Zou Xiaofeng , Wang Jigang , Zhong Jianing , Zhong Tianyu
Published: June 2019

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a chronic disease, is widely prevalent all over the world. In recent years, the roles of some extracellular vesicles (EVs) in T2DM have attracted much attention. EVs are bilayer membrane vesicles secreted from most cells and can participate in regulating various physiological and pathological processes in vivo by being transported between cells. Recently, it was discovered that some abnormal EVs can contribute to the occurrence of T2DM by inducing insulin resistance and can also participate in the complications of T2DM. In addition, some stem/progenitor cells‐derived EVs have a potential application in the therapy of T2DM. This review introduces basic concepts of EVs and summarizes the roles of EVs in the pathogenesis, complications, and therapy of T2DM.
RalGTPases contribute to Schwann cell repair after nerve injury via regulation of process formation
Authors: Galino Jorge , Cervellini Ilaria , Zhu Ning , Stöberl Nina , Hütte Meike , Fricker Florence R. , Lee Garrett , McDermott Lucy , Lalli Giovanna , Bennett David L.H.
Published: June 2019

RalA and RalB are small GTPases that are involved in cell migration and membrane dynamics. We used transgenic mice in which one or both GTPases were genetically ablated to investigate the role of RalGTPases in the Schwann cell (SC) response to nerve injury and repair. RalGTPases were dispensable for SC function in the naive uninjured state. Ablation of both RalA and RalB (but not individually) in SCs resulted in impaired axon remyelination and target reinnervation following nerve injury, which resulted in slowed recovery of motor function. Ral GTPases were localized to the leading lamellipodia in SCs and were required for the formation and extension of both axial and radial processes of SCs. These effects were dependent on interaction with the exocyst complex and impacted on the rate of SC migration and myelination. Our results show that RalGTPases are required for efficient nerve repair by regulating SC process formation, migration, and myelination, therefore uncovering a novel role for these GTPases.