bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cambio de valores en la población suiza
Authors: Meyer Ruth
Published: March 2024

Se analizan en profundidad datos sobre educación, política y militarismo en un estudio representativo de los valores entre la población suiza, estableciéndose comparaciones con otros países altamente industrializados. Los análisis conducen a las siguientes conclusiones: (1) Los valores universalistas y pro-sociales están adquiriendo de manera significativa una mayor importancia en los patrones valorativos, en detrimento de los valores cercanos a la autonomía individualista; (2) los valores de eficiencia competitiva se hallan en la periferia; (3) los valores propios de un conformismo tradicionalista se sitúan progresivamente en la periferia; (4) los agentes del cambio valorativo se encuentran entre las clases más educadas; (5) existen tensiones valorativas latentes en la medida en que las diferencias en el nivel educativo entrañan variaciones en el nivel de importancia atribuida a los valores, pero los conflictos valorativos raramente llegan a desarrollarse, habida cuenta de que las clases menos educadas tienden a imitar a las más educadas; y (6) los cambios valorativos aludidos suscitan el problema de la legitimidad de las estructuras sociales. Las instituciones públicas están asumiendo un carácter más instrumental. Las tendencias en el cambio valorativo que se observa en Suiza son paralelas a las que pueden constatarse en otros países industrializados, enmarcándose así en el proceso típico de modernización occidental. Sin embargo, el modo en que se desarrollan tales cambios así como el tipo particular de problemas que se emparejan a cada proceso de cambio vienen determinados por la tradición histórica de cada sociedad. Varios elementos sugieren el proceso de cambio en Suiza, si se compara con el de otras sociedades, está desencadenando efectos sociales en los que la brusquedad o el conflicto abierto se hallan excluidos, lo cual puede explicarse por la estabilidad y la profundidad del arraigo de la tradición democrática y de la aceptación generalizada de la estructura social.
Hubungan antara Pengetahuan dan Pekerjaan Ibu dan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif Pada Bayi di Bawah Usia 6 Tahun
Authors: Damayanti Reffi , Wulandari Ni Ketut Ayu
Published: March 2024

Berdasarkan data dari World Health Organization (WHO) menjelaskan pemberian ASI Eksklusif pada bayi sampai usia 6 bulan tanpa tambahan cairan ataupun makanan lain. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa pedoman internasional yang menganjurkan pemberian ASI Eksklusif selama 6 bulan pertama didasarkan pada bukti ilmiah tentang manfaat ASI bagi bayi, pertumubuhan dan perkembangannya. Data yang diperoleh dari profil Dinas Kesehatan Kota Palembang bayi yang mendapatkan ASI Eksklusif yaitu sebanyak 36,94% pada tahun 2021 meningkat menjadi 62,6% pada tahun 2022. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan dan pekerjaan ibu dengan pemberian ASI Eksklusif di Puskesmas Palembang tahun 2023. Metode penelitian ni adalah survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua ibu yang membawa bayi umur 7-12 bulan yang datang berkunjung ke Puskesmas Sosial pada tanggal 18Februari 2023 - 21 Februari 2023 dengan sampel 35 responden secara accidental sampling. Analisa yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji statistik Chi-Square dengan komputerisasi dengan batas bermakna α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian dari 35 responden dengan pemberian ASI Eksklusif 40,0% dan yang tidak memberikan ASI Eksklusif 60,0%, ibu yang berpengetahuan baik sebanyak 80,0% dan yang berpengetahuan kurang 20,0%, dan ibu yang bekerja sebanyak 37,1% dan yang tidak bekerja 62,9%. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan ada hubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan dengan pemberian ASI Eksklusif, dimana p value 0,027 dan tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara pekerjaan dengan pemberian ASI Eksklusif, dimana p value 0,054.
Heroism in Chairil Anwar’s Poems
Authors: Laya Rachmi
Published: March 2024

The present study aimed (1) to find out clearly heroistic meaning in Chairil Anwar’s poem, and what the purpose of expressing it, (2) to see how Chairil Anwar chose diction in his poem and how did combined the words, and (3) to find out what kinds of heroistic meaning. This research employed a structural approach. Structural approach moves from concept intrinsic aspect structurally as totality works which formed by aspects correlated each other. This research is a library research. Thus the data collected involves the process of reading, understanding, and giving meaning by interpreting the data. From 73 poems, this research took 17 poems as the samples. The data were collected by reference study, and analyzed by identifying the words or lines contained heroism, classifying, categorizing, and interpreting the data based on heroism aspects. The study found that Analysis of the meaning of poem Chairil Anwar’s poem had a deep heroistic meaning. As a matter fact, it could be seen by using diction and his combining words. The diction was used could rise imagination. Imagining and concreting words had compact correlation, it used style. There after imagining and using style would rise certain sound. The sounds could rise heroistic sound. In other words, factually the heroism in Chairil Anwar’s poem be formed by diction, combining words and sounds.
Improving Students’ Vocabulary Mastery by Using Fly Swatter Game
Authors: Pilongo Jolanda Hulda Debora , Mohammad Titien Fatmawaty , Bonde Citra Dewi
Published: March 2024

This research analyzes effect of fly swatter game in improving students’ vocabulary mastery. A quantitative method is employed in discovering the results, where it is conducted at SMP N 5 Dumogaand the participants were the A class of eight-grade students of SMP N 5 Dumoga. Data collection was employed by using pre- and post-test and the treatment is used as a means of improving students’ vocabulary mastery. The results showed that there is an improvement in students’ vocabulary mastery, which can be seen from the higher post-test score. Furthermore, by implementing fly swatter game, the students are being more active and enthusiasm in learning vocabularies related to the material taught by the researcher. As a result, they are not feel bored and keep their interest in following the learning process.Therefore, based on the explanation above, it can be summarized that the students’ vocabulary mastery is improved because of the implementation of Fly Swatter Game in teaching and learning process.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pola Konsumsi Masyarakat
Authors: Tamu Wikta , Mahmud Melizubaida , Bahsoan Agil , Hafid Radia , Sudirman
Published: March 2024

Permasalahan awal dari pola konsumsi yakni tingginya nilai jual barang dan jasa, banyaknya jumlah anggota dalam keluarga, banyaknya pendidikan yang hanya sampai bangku sekolah dasar serta tidak adanya tabungan untuk persiapan dimasa depan. Fokus masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah “Bagaimana pola konsumsi masyarakat desa Bongo Nol dan fator-faktor apa yang mempengaruhi pola konsumsi, tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui pola konsumsi masyarakat desa Bongo Nol dan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi pola konsumsi masyarakat di desa Bongo Nol. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pola konsumsi masyarakat di Desa Bongo Nol Kecamatan Paguyaman Kabupaten Boalemo yakni pendapatan, jumlah tanggungan, pendidikan dan tabungan. Hal ini berdasarkankondisi yang ada dilapangan bahwa keempat kriteria tersebut menjadi faktor penting dalam mempengaruhi pola konsumsi masyarakat yang ada di Desa Bongo Nol Kecamatan Paguyaman Kabupaten Boalemo.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Ips Terpadu di Kelas VIII
Authors: Tanib Rian Abdul , Ardiansyah  , Popoi Irina , Panigoro Meyko , Sudirman
Published: March 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learing Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Pada Mata Pelajaran IPS Terpadu Di Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 6 Kota Gorontalo. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, dengan metode penelitian Surve. Jumlah populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 150 Siswa dan sampel yang di gunakan dalam penelitian sebanyak 60 Siswa dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan pada model pembelajaran problem based learning terhadap motivasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS Terpadu Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 6 Kota Gorontalo. Besaran pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Laearning Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa 63,2% sedangkan sisanya sebesar 36,8% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini.
Pengaruh Pengelolaan Dana Bantuan Operasional Sekolah Terhadap Sarana dan Prasarana Pembelajaran Ips Terpadu di SMP Negeri 1 Tilango Kabupaten Gorontalo
Authors: Lamusu Harson , Hafid Radia , Bahsoan Agil , Moonti Usman , Mahmud Melizubaida
Published: March 2024

The research aims to determine to what extent the impact of BOS Fund Management on Integrated Social Science Learning Facilities and Infrastructure at SMP Negeri 1 Tilango, Gorontalo Regency. The research method used in the research is quantitative, where the data are collected through observation, interview, questionnaire, and documentation. The research populations are the entire school community for 344 people whereas its samples are 44 people. The method of analysis employs simple regression analysis. The results of the correlations analysis indicate that there is a strong relationship between the Management Of School Operational Assistance (BOS) Fund On Integrated Social Science Learning Facilities and Infrastructure at SMP Negeri 1 Tilango, Gorontalo Regency, with a correlations coefficient value of 0,526. In addition, the calculations of coefficient of determination shows R square for 0.277, which means that 27.7% of the variability regarding integrated Social Science Learning Facilities and Infrastructure at SMP Negeri 1 Tilango, Gorontalo Regency can be explained by the management of school operational assistance (BOS) fund, while the remaining 72.3% is impacted by other variables which are not studied in this current research.
Karakteristik Organoleptik dan Kimia Pukis Tepung Talas (Xanthosoma Sagitifolium) yang Difortifikasi Dengan Tepung Kulit Udang Vaname (Ditopenaeus Vannamei)
Authors: Elu Megawati , Husain Rahim , Suherman Sutianto Pratama
Published: March 2024

The research aimed to determine the organoleptic and chemical quality of pukis cake. The treatment of this research was the addition of shrimp shell powder for 15gr, 20gr, and 25gr to pukis cake. Additionally, the parameters tested were organoleptic characteristics, namely appearance, aroma, color, taste, and texture which were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The treatments with significant effects were further tested with Duncan’s Multiple Range test to determine differences in treatment. On the other hand, the chemical characteristics observed werw moisture content, fat content, ash content, protein content, and calcium content. The results of Duncan’s Multiple Range test indicated that the treatment of the pukis formulation with different fortification of shrimp shell powder resulted in significantly different organoleptic characteristics off appearance, aroma, color, taste, and texture. At the same time, the fortification of shrimp shell powder affected the chemical characteristics of pukis cake, namely the water content of around 20.64%, ash content of 1.68%, fat content of 5.85%, protein content of 8.745%, and calcium content of 21.45 mg/kg. the best treatment, according to the panelist’s assessment of pukia cake, was treatment A, namely 15gr of shrimp shell powder.
Nilai-Nilai Karakter Positif Dalam Puisi Anak
Authors: Katili Adriansyah Abu , Hubu Yanti
Published: March 2024

This article aims to reveal how positive character is revealed in children’s poems.  This is based on the phenomenon that mostly it is the adults that teach positive character to children by writing poems for children. We seldom find analysis that reveals how children perceive the positive character and express it in their poems.  For this aim, the writers analyzed three poems that consist of two Indonesian poems and one English poem. The poems were analyzed in two steps, i.e., by skimming and intensive reading. Skimming is to get the general impression and intensive reading is to have an intensive understanding of the poems by analyzing the keywords, key phrases, and key sentences of the poems. The result of the analysis shows that Indonesian poems put a positive character on honoring heroes. English poem puts a positive on praying and feeling empathy for those who are suffering and criminals. This indicates that children have their own perception of positive characters as reflected in their poems.
Efektivitas Ekstrak Buah Belimbing Wuluh (Averhoa blimbi L) Dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila Pada Ikan Mas (Cyprinus Carpio)
Authors: Buda Siti Nurinda , Koniyo Yuniarti , Lamadi Arafik
Published: March 2024

This research aimed to determine the optimal concentration of wuluh star fruit extract in feed as an effort to prevent the growth of Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria in common carp. The study was conducted from may to june 2023. The treatments in this study consisted of different levels of wuluh star fruit extract in the feed, comprising five (5) levels:A = 0ml wuluh star fruit extract per kg of feed + injection of Aeromonas hydrophila (positive control = PC), B = 0ml wuluh star fruit extract per kg of feed ( nrgative control – NC), C = 10ml wuluh star fruit extract per kg of feed + injection of Aeromonas hydrophila, D = 15ml wuluh star fruit extract per kg of feed + injection of Aeromonas hydrophila, and E = 20ml wuluh star fruit extract per kg of feed + injection of Aeromonas hydrophila. Each treatment had three (3) replications. The common carp used was 10 cm in size, collected from a fish farm. The fish were kept in aquariums with a stocking density of 5 fish per aquarium. Prior to treatment, the fish were acclimated to the environment for 1 week. During acclimation, the fish were fed commercial pelletswith a protein content of 36% twice a day. ANOVA analysis results showed that the addition of wuluh star fruit extract significantly influenced the growth rete and survival rate of common carp, aiding in the recovery of common carp infected with Aeromonas hydrophila BACTERIA AND PREVENTING the growth of the bacteria. The optimal concentration of wuluh star fruit extract was 15ml per kg of feed to prevent the growth of Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria.
Wadah Budidaya Crab Ball pada Kedalaman yang Berbeda Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Kelangsungan Hidup Kepiting Bakau (Scylla Sp) di Tambak
Authors: Taiyeb Moh Furqan M Dj , Koniyo Yuniarti , Suherman Sutianto Pratama
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh peletakan wadah budidaya pada kedalaman yang berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup kepiting bakau (Scylla sp). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan april sampai mei 2022. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu perlakuan A (permukaan tambak) dan perlakuan B (dasar tambak) dengan sepuluh kali ulangan, masing-masing wadah berisikan satu ekor kepiting bakau. Parameter yang diamati yaitu pertumbuhan mutlak, sedangkan parameter pendukung yaitu kualitas air meliputi suhu, salinitas, pH, dan DO.pengukuran pertumbuhan dilakukan pada setiap 10 hari. Analisis terhadap data pertumbuhan kepiting bakau menggunakan analisis uji T (Independent Sampel T Test). Kepiting bakau yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berukuran 150-200 gr/ekor dan diberikan pakan ikan rucah sebanyak 5% pada Pagi Hari dan 5 hari pada Malam hari Selma penelitian. Dari hasil analisis yang dilakukan menunjukan perbedaan pada pertumbuhan berat dan panjang, namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan lebar kepiting bakau (Scylla sp). Hasil pengamatan terbaik pada pertumbuhan kepiting bakau (Scylla sp) terdapat pada perlakuan A (Permukaan tambak) dengan nilai rata-rata berat 3,4 gr, panjang 0,11 cm, dan lebar 0,19 cm dan pertumbuhan terendah terdapat pada perlakuan B (dasar tambak) dengan nilai rata-rata berat 1,6 gr, panjang 0,17 cm, dan lebar 0,17 cm.
Improving Students' Vocabulary Mastery by Using Subtitle Movie
Authors: Mamu Rahmawaty , Panigoro Alan , Fatsah Hasanuddin
Published: March 2024

The objective of this research is to find out the students' vocabulary mastery before and after being taught using Indonesian subtitle movies. This research used a quantitative method. Experimental research was applied in this study. The researcher used pre-experimental research to obtain the data. The samples of this research are class C of the English department, class of 2021, consisting of 20 students. The data is obtained by using pre-test, post-test, and treatment. Students are asked to watch the movie in 8 meetings, including pre-test and post-test. To analyze the data, the researcher used a validity test, reliability, paired T-test, and hypothesis verification. The result of this research shows that there are differences between the pre-test and post-test, which means that there was an influence of the use of movies with subtitles on students' vocabulary mastery. In the pre-test, students achieved a score of 65%, while in the post-test, 94%.
Analysis of Point of View in Adele Park’s Novel Lies Lies Lies
Authors: Pakaya Yesi Yustika , Baga Magdalena , Muhamad Farid
Published: March 2024

The aim of this research is to find and analyze the point of view utilized in the novel Adele Park Lies Lies Lies. This research utilized structural analysis, which allows the researcher to focus on the underlying patterns present in the text, particularly concerning the point of view. The data were obtained from the novel entitled Lies Lies Lies by Adele Parks and this research focused on exploring how the first-person point of view Daisy character and the third-person point of view Simon character in each other interact and contribute to the overall meaning of the story. In this research, data collection than carried out using several specific techniques including an in-depth reading of the entire novel, collecting data concerning two primary types of point of view found in the novel: first-person singular and third-person singular, identifying the specific points of view, and proceeding to analyze each of the sentences that utilized first-person singular and third-person singular point of view. The technique of analyzing data using a structural approach essential in the context of this research, as it provides a systematic and rigorous method to unravel the intricacies of the novel Lies Lies Lies by Adele Parks. The results showed that in Lies Lies Lies, the use of first-person and third-person point of views allows the reader to experience the story from different point of view. The first-person point of view highlights situations experienced by Daisy throughout the novel, which is her twisted marriage story with her husband, Simon. On the other hand, the third-person point of view highlights the situation experienced by Simon, which is his experience in dealing with his marriage, his life in prison, and the fact that his daughter was not his
Prospect, Legal, and Socio-economic Implication of Metaverse Operation in Nigeria
Authors: Paul Atagamen Aidonojie  , Adesoji Kolawole Adebayo  , Eregbuonye Obieshi  , Antai Godswill Owoche  , Isaac Ottah Ogbemudia  , Muhammad Mutawalli
Published: March 2024

The metaverse, a digital realm blending virtual environments with reality, holds immense potential across sectors. In Nigeria, understanding its implications necessitates exploration from various angles. Firstly, the legal landscape demands scrutiny, with existing regulations evaluated for their applicability and efficacy. Secondly, socio-economic considerations assume paramount importance, given the metaverse's potential to reshape societal norms and economic activities. Concerning this, the employ a hybrid research methodology that focus on the potentials of metaverse's emergence, legal framework, and socio-economic effects within Nigeria. 308 questionnaire were distribute to respondents residing in Nigeria. The collected data underwent descriptive and analytical analysis. The findings underscore that permitting the operation of the metaverse in Nigeria holds promise for enhancing the nation's economy and facilitating digital interactions. However, the study also reveals potential pitfalls notably that the existing legal framework may prove insufficient in addressing the unique challenges posed by the metaverse. Moreover, the metaverse's transformative impact on the Nigerian economy may carry adverse consequences. Consequently, the study concludes by recommending the imperative need for a novel legal framework tailored to address the distinctive intricacies presented by the metaverse for its effective operation in Nigeria.
Islamic Law in the Rule of Sadd Adz-Dzari'ah on the Transfer of Agricultural Land Function to Housing in Grobogan
Authors: Alifannisa Shella Hermininda  , M. Junaidi
Published: March 2024

This research provides an in-depth exploration of Islamic legal aspects related to the conversion of agricultural land into residential areas, with a focus on the principle of Sadd Adz-Dzari'ah. This principle serves as the primary foundation for the research, playing a crucial role in regulating the land transformation process and establishing legal boundaries that must be adhered to. Through a case study conducted in the Grobogan Regency, this research aims to evaluate the application of the Sadd Adz-Dzari’ah principle in the context of agricultural land conversion. The research methodology employs a qualitative approach, utilizing in-depth interviews and document analysis. The collected data is analyzed using content analysis techniques to identify patterns and key themes related to the implementation of the Sadd Adz-Dzari’ah principle in land conversion. The main objectives of this study include gaining a profound understanding of the principle, evaluating its implementation in the conversion of agricultural land to residential areas in Grobogan Regency, analyzing the social, economic, and environmental impacts of the land-use changes, and presenting policy recommendations to enhance justice and sustainability, considering Islamic values. The research found that Islam with its sadd adz-dzariyat concept does not prohibit the conversion of agricultural land into housing as long as it provides maslahat for the community and is carried out based on existing statutory provisions and instead encourages the utilization of agricultural land for various purposes so that the land is not neglected and eventually dies without being utilized. Thus, this research is expected to significantly contribute to understanding the relevance and implementation of the Sadd Adz-Dzari’ah principle in the context of changing land use in rural communities. It also aims to provide a foundation for better policies aligned with Islamic values.
Buswell’s Equation for Quantifying Biohydrogen
Authors: Yuen Pong Kau , Lau Cheng Man Diana
Published: March 2024

Biohydrogen is widely generated by dark fermentation and two-stage anaerobic digestion. Anaerobic digestion can be chemically represented by the Buswell’s equation, which is based on elemental composition of organic matter. When compared to Buswell’s equation for biomethane, its equation for biohydrogen has been given less attention. In this article, the nature of Buswell’s equation for biohydrogen is introduced by using the H-atom method. The mean oxidation number of organic carbons is employed as a metric for counting theoretical quantity of biohydrogen and parameters of Buswell’s equation for biohydrogen. Based on an empirical formula and mean oxidation number of organic carbons, the general Buswell’s equation for biohydrogen is developed. The mathematical relationships among mean oxidation number of organic carbons, empirical formula, quantity of biohydrogen, theoretical biohydrogen potential, and biohydrogen percent yield are also established. Biowastes and bio-substrates are chosen to demonstrate this notion.
An Investigation into Cyberloafing and Its Associations with Work and Non-Work Factors
Authors: Cohen Aaron , Özsoy Emrah
Published: March 2024

Cyberloafing, engaging in non-work-related online activities during work hours, has attracted increasing attention due to its potential to disrupt productivity and organizational functioning. Drawing upon contemporary research, we delve into the underlying mechanisms of cyberloafing. This study examines how cyberloafing behavior is related to work-related factors, including the position in the organization, boredom at work, pay satisfaction, and the non-work factors, such as loneliness and social network addiction. Furthermore, we investigate the role of two demographic variables: marital status and gender. We collected data from 174 white-collar employees working in various private-sector institutions in Sakarya (Türkiye). The findings showed that only two work-related variables, boredom at work and salary satisfaction, are significantly associated with cyberloafing. Gender and marital status were weakly related to cyberloafing. The paper also discusses possible solutions and practical implications for organizations seeking to mitigate the adverse effects of cyberloafing. The paper concluded with suggestions for future research and acknowledged the limitations of this study.
Aflatoxins in Tapioca Gum Marketed in Manaus-AM-Brazil
Authors: Kluczkovski Ariane M. , Diogenes Luiz , Barroncas Janaina , Silva Allyne , Torres Thayza V. , Lima Emerson , Correa Lucia , Junior Augusto K.
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Among the culturally consumed foods in the North and Northeast of Brazil, tapioca gum, derived from cassava, has good popular acceptance, and is used in different culinary preparations. Objective: To assess the presence of aflatoxins in samples of tapioca gum from Manaus. Method: 24 samples of tapioca gum (n=24) were collected from retailers and fairs in the city of Manaus, for the quantification of AFL by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), water activity (Aw) and moisture content (mc%). Results: in seven samples, aflatoxin G1 (AFLG1) was detected, representing 29.17% of contamination. The average of Aw was equal to 0.9952 and the mc% was 41.615%. Conclusion: this work presents, in an unprecedented way, the presence of AFLG1 in tapioca gum. The mc% correlated with the presence of AFLG1, while Aw had no effect on AFL. It is not possible to determine the risk of the presence of AFLG1 for human consumption due to the lack of legislation for the product, but the results reflect the manufacturing, storage, and transport practices of local businesses, demonstrating the need for intervention.
What makes agroforestry work?
Authors: Torquebiau Emmanuel , Pasiecznik Nick , van Dam Jinke
Published: March 2024

This review summarizes findings from 22 case studies published together in Tropical Forest Issues 61 (Torquebiau 2024). The case studies present clear and tangible benefits from the adoption of agroforestry, based on a wide range of practices from Africa, Latin America and Asia. In this review practices and conditions for tangible benefits of agroforestry are summarized. The practices are presented in four categories: crops under trees or intercropped with trees; annual crops under multispecies tree cover; perennial crops under multispecies tree layers; and agroforests. The conditions cover seven thematic areas: social and human capital; attention to women; governance priorities; technical assistance and capacity strengthening; legal, institutional and policy frameworks; economic research; and value chains.
Trade Facilitation WTO Law and Its Revision to Facilitate Global Trade in Goods
Authors: Bolhofer Carolin Eve
Published: March 2024

The article provides an overview of trade facilitation and the relevant World Trade Organization (WTO) law. After introducing the subject, the article describes what trade facilitation entails and demonstrates its economic impact. The focus turns to the current WTO trade facilitation negotiations. In order to assess the potential for revision, relating panel and Appellate Body reports are analysed and the contents of the relevant GATT Articles – namely Articles V, VIII and X of the GATT – are clarified. Furthermore, other multilateral trade agreements are looked at. It is shown that they contain certain principles that are likely to set a trend for matters to be regulated by the WTO. Finally, the article looks at some of the Members’ proposals submitted to the WTO Secretariat and gives an outlook on the future of the negotiations.
Thoughts on the ‘First Sale’ Rule
Authors: Desiderio Danilo , Desiderio Frank J.
Published: March 2024

The ‘first sale’ rule is a method used to arrive at the transaction value of merchandise which is the subject of multi-tiered sales. Because the first sale price is always lower than any subsequent resale price, the use of the first sale appraisement method results in substantial savings in duty. The main commercial blocks of the world – the European Union (EU), United States (US) and Japan – accept the first sale appraisement and in the US, this process has been validated through a series of court decisions. Recently, however, a move to ‘last sale’ appraisement has been proposed. This has prompted many substantial importers, trade groups and industry organisations to file comments and legal briefs in strong opposition to the proposal. This article considers the position being taken by the EU Commission, the likely result in a change to the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Customs Valuation, and concludes with the hope that customs administrators in the US and EU will heed the comments of the international trade community and continue the ‘first sale’ rule.
What Do We Know About Corruption (and Anti-Corruption) in Customs?
Authors: Michael Bryane , Moore Nigel
Published: March 2024

This article discusses many of the lessons learned in the last decade about fighting corruption in Customs. A methodology for measuring corruption including the use of internal audit is suggested. The effectiveness of various treatment approaches is discussed including the criminalisation of corruption, the implementation of codes of conduct, internal inspectorates and the use of conflict of interest statements. The article concludes by suggesting potential areas for additional research.
Letter to Editor
Authors: Kashubsky Mikhail
Published: March 2024

With the increasing number of offshore oil and gas platforms on the continental shelf areas around the world, their regulation is becoming a completely new area of responsibility for some customs authorities. Moreover, customs authorities that already have responsibilities in the regulation of the offshore petroleum industry may find that they have to devote more time and resources to fulfil these responsibilities.
Implications for Customs of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Policy Options: A Preliminary Examination
Authors: Ireland Robert
Published: March 2024

This paper offers a preliminary examination of the theoretical and practical implications of climate change mitigation and adaptation policy options on the role of Customs. The policy options covered are carbon import tariffs (especially border tax adjustments [BTAs]), trade facilitation of low-carbon energy technology (including the salience of the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System), enforcement against emission permit trading irregularities, customs clearance of humanitarian relief consignments, trade recovery, and Customs’ responses to the potential of climate change driven international trade contraction. The paper contends that further research on such topics using positive and normative criteria will promote rational consideration, formulation and implementation of Customs-relevant climate policies. An interdisciplinary approach is used for the paper’s sourcing and analysis, and expanded use of this methodology is encouraged to further enrich research on Customs matters.
WCO Has a New Committee for Capacity Building!
Authors:   World Customs Organization
Published: March 2024

An overview of the new WCO Committee for Capacity Building.
Withdrawal, Revocation and Suspension of AEO Certification
Authors: Gellert Lothar
Published: March 2024

The benefits and advantages of Authorised Economic Operator (AEO) status have been examined and discussed widely. However, the withdrawal, revocation and suspension of AEO certification have not been as closely examined. This paper addresses a range of issues that relate to European Community law and in particular, to the way in which German and Austrian regulations are applied. It is concluded that there are far-reaching legal and factual consequences that go beyond the provisions of the relevant customs legislation and suggests that any company that holds an AEO certificate or has applied for it needs to ensure that it satisfies the conditions of the certificate at the time of application and in the years thereafter.
Towards Customs Valuation Compliance Through Corporate Income Tax
Authors: Marsilla Santiago Ibáñez
Published: March 2024

Customs valuation is based, primarily, on the price actually paid or payable for the goods. The customs administration is a third party to the price, and so needs to rely on the price declared by the parties. Nevertheless, Customs can cross-check the value declared with the cost declared for the purposes of the corporate income tax base determination. The need for coherence between these two values is an important control tool for the customs administration, if properly used. The relationship between customs valuation and the inventory cost of the goods is complex, and an adequate understanding of this issue is necessary to make correct use of this control tool. This article provides an overview of the possibilities available to customs administrations.
The Standardisation of Customs Services in the European Union
Authors: Gwardzińska Ewa
Published: March 2024

Nowadays, customs services in international trade make an important contribution to the competitiveness of global companies, and the quality of the customs services provided can have a very real effect on companies’ performance. Accordingly, in this age of the information society and virtual economy, it is essential to ensure that customs services are provided on time and to a high standard.
The Role of Bilateral and Regional Trade Agreements in the Modernisation of Taxation and Revenue Policy in Developing Economies
Authors: Obradovic Leigh
Published: March 2024

This paper investigates the impact of existing trade agreements on domestic revenue policy and assesses the potential impact of differing levels of economic integration of domestic policy objectives. The role of bilateral and regional trade agreements is increasingly important given the emergence of the comprehensive trade agreements, such as the current Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) negotiations, which seek to have a greater impact on the international trading environment than existing FTAs. In a changing world with rapidly integrating economies, governments are more frequently taking the initiative to reform their trading arrangements through direct negotiation. Given the protracted process of multilateral trade negotiations – as evidenced by the Doha Round – bilateral and regional trade agreements (such as Free Trade Agreements [FTA]) are setting the framework for trade liberalisation in the 21st century. The commencement of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) from 2015 demonstrates that emerging economies still see value in further enmeshing their economies into the development of neighbouring economies across the region.
Rethinking Customs’ Procurement Practices to Deliver Improved Business Outcomes
Authors: Doyle Tom
Published: March 2024

This paper draws attention to the need to rethink the traditional procurement practices used in the public sector and, in particular, by customs agencies. It poses three questions: Are customs agencies today getting optimal value in procuring goods and services from the private sector? Can collaboration be improved between the private sector and the customs agencies and amongst customs agencies themselves with respect to procurement? What can be learned from the private sector – what fundamental innovations exist and how can they be applied to the way Customs approaches procurement? After examining current procurement practices and identifying their inadequacy, the paper proposes that a comprehensive review be carried out to evaluate the efficacy of current Customs’ procurement practices, with a view to developing best practice recommendations and designing a new practice for consideration by the World Customs Organization (WCO) and its Members as operating guidelines.
Management Of Physiotherapy Programs In Skin Flap For Thumb : Case Report
Authors: Della Annisa Thalib  , Umi Budi Rahayu  , Nilam Nur Hamidah
Published: March 2024

Skin flap is a skin graft procedure that will repair damaged skin by removing the soft tissue underneath. Objective: to determine Physiotherapy management in the form of giving electro therapy (ultrasound and Infrared) and exercise. Methods: The research method includes a "case report" case study conducted on 1 male patient with a diagnosis of Stiffness wrist digiti 1-5 manus dextra hand function disorders, ec. Amputation of fingers manus dextra post flap). The measuring instruments used are using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain scale, Wrist Hand Disability Index (WHDI) to measure functional activity ability, Gonimeter to measure joint motion scope, Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) to measure muscle strength, mitline to measure odema segment circumference. Results: After 3 times of therapy, the patient's assessment results were obtained, namely a significant change in the level of joint scope of motion, muscle strength, skin integrity, motion pain in the wrist and fingers of the right hand, and functional ability. Conclusion: This case study shows that the administration of electrotepsy and exercises in the case of Skin Flap of the thumb of the hand, proved to be effective.
Editorial
Authors: Jargalsaikhan Lkhasuren
Published: March 2024

No abtract in English
WORKING TOGETHER TO DELIVER SAFE CARE
Authors: Elliott-Mainwaring Helen , Phillips Charlotte , Bowie Paul
Published: March 2024

Throughout this four-part Advancing Practice series, we have explored the science and practice of human factors and ergonomics in healthcare, and how a systems approach can support maternity, midwifery care and patient safety. In this final article, we explore the Maternity Support Worker (MSW) role and how registered midwives and MSWs can work together to support the delivery of safe and efficient maternity care. The reflection points in this article are adapted from NHS Education for Scotland’s Safety Culture Discussion Cards.1 In this series, we hope to support an improved understanding of the current maternity safety landscape.
HOW CAN CONSENT BE TRUSTED?
Authors: Hobart Bell Catherine
Published: March 2024

Obstetric violence is a rampant epidemic spotlighted in the NSW Birth Trauma inquiry. This is a very serious and complex issue with known solutions. Yet, despite mounting evidence showing the benefits of continuity of midwifery care, the current best practice for supporting autonomy across different models of care is Shared Decision Making and informed consent, which is not having the intended outcome. Women have attempted to bridge this gap with birth plans. A new solution is on the horizon and asks us to shift from consent and shared decision making into birth mapping.
ETHNICITY AND ACADEMIC SUCCESS IN A PRE-REGISTRATION MIDWIFERY EDUCATION PROGRAMME
Authors: Gnanapragasam Shauna
Published: March 2024

Equality, diversity and inclusion are core values of both the National Health Service (NHS) and Higher Education healthcare training providers in the UK. It is clear however that there are disparities in course achievement outcomes between students depending on ethnicity.1,2 To what extent midwifery education specifically is impacted has to date not been established. This retrospective cohort observation study looked at the relationship between ethnicity of student midwives, and course outcome in a single higher education midwifery programme in the UK. Findings identify that ethnicity does not impact on course attrition rates but does predict the final degree classification attained.
ONLINE MATERNITY LEARNING JOURNEYS WITH STUDENT NURSES
Authors: Forbes Morag
Published: March 2024

Adult and mental health nurses, while not specialists in maternity care, often encounter pregnant women and birthing people in their daily work. Nurses’ ability to understand and empathise with the pregnancy journey is therefore essential. As part of the maternity curriculum for a rural first-year BSc adult/mental health nursing cohort, students attended new, interactive ‘gamified’ online lectures. The lectures encouraged students to explore experiences and choices from the client’s perspective during the antenatal period and labour.
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO WOMEN’S PSYCHOLOGICAL BIRTHING TRAUMA: VICTORIAN MIDWIVES’ PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Pulis Bernadette , Hastie Dr Carolyn , Donnellan-Fernandez Dr Roslyn
Published: March 2024

This article reports midwives’ perspectives on factors contributing to women’s psychological birthing trauma, including recommendations for practice. Interviews with 11 participants identified three themes: ‘It’s this complete control of birth’ – how the healthcare system is patriarchal and assumes control of the woman and her process. ‘No one actually informed me’ – women are kept ignorant, unable to confidently advocate for themselves. ‘Feeling… she has… failed’ – the accumulating demands of external events overwhelming emotional needs. The findings show that further research about healthcare providers’ views on factors contributing to women’s psychological birthing trauma is needed to improve Australian maternity services.
AN IMPROVEMENT OF ARJUNA 1.0 CONVEYOR SYSTEM FOR 3D IRRADIATION
Authors: Saefurrochman Saefurrochman , Purwanto Agus Tri , Adabiah Suhadah Rabi'atul , Sukaryono Sukaryono , Setiaji Galih , Arthanto Dwi Handoko , Anggraeni Karina , Rachmawati Isti Dian , Dwiatmaja Agus , Wijono Wijono , Nuraini Elin , Andriyanti Wiwien , Darsono Darsono , Adjie Andreas Bimo Putro
Published: March 2024

An improved design of the conveyor system of Arjuna 1.0 electron accelerator for 3D object irradiation has been done. The penetration of low energy electrons is less than 1 cm in the surface, causing a challenge for the irradiation process for sterilization of 3D objects. We design a conveyor that can be rotated 360o to irradiate objects evenly. The dimension of this conveyor is 1750 x 600 x 800 mm and the maximum diameter of the object is 7 cm. Based on the Frame Bending Stress analysis to calculate the strength of the conveyor frame, it is shown that the maximum displacement is only 0.029 mm, which is very small so it will cause no disturbance to power transfer from the motor to the conveyor. The normal stress (Smax) is 3.926 MPa and the bending stress for Smax (Mx) and Smax (My), are 2.391 MPa and 3.925 MPa respectively. We also calculate the stress analysis of the 3 mm-thickness of the motor mount and found that the Von-Misses Stress, first, and third Principal Stress are 4.425 MPa, 5.01 MPa, and 1.95 MPa respectively. These results confirm that the design and the material used for the conveyor are safe because the stress is very low than the material’s yield strength which is 207 MPa. The power needed for this conveyor is 0.01724 kW, with a maximum speed is 880 rpm. The new model of 3D conveyor has been constructed and can be implemented to ARJUNA 1.0 to irradiate objects on all its surfaces
Etno-Arsitektur Umpak-Umpak Batu Tinggalan Budaya Megalitik Masa Protohistori di Lembah Behoa, Kabupaten Poso, Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah
Authors: Kriswandhono Albertus , Yuniawati Umar Dwi Yani
Published: March 2024

Several structural stones were discovered during research in 1995 – 2004 in Behoa Valley that, if a line is drawn, would form a rectangular polygon with two types of stone, large and small. In 2013, researchers conducted an ethno-architectural study at three megalithic cultural heritage sites in Hanggira Village. The aim is to find out the function of these structured stones. From the results of the ethno-architecture analysis, these structured stones are umpak foundations from dwellings or residential places (Tambi) or places to store special goods or agricultural products (Buho). There is no absolute chronology in the context of the structured stones in the form of umpak foundations. However, from the age of the site, it is expected that these stone umpak foundations had been used since the beginning of the AD century (early metal period) to the protohistoric period.
Tinggalan Megalitik dan Kubur Tempayan Dataran Tinggi Jambi
Authors: Budisantosa Tri Marhaeni S. , Prasetyo Sigit Eko
Published: March 2024

The highlands of Jambi is one of the region of the distribution of Megalithic and urn cemetery culture, then it can be regarded as an archaeological culture area in pre-Islamic. In the region has been found twentyone Megalithics in cylindrical or conical form, and one round shaped. In addition it has also found six urn cemeteries complexes which proved to be associated with Megalithics. Megalithic and urn cemetery in the highlands of Jambi has become the object of research for Archeological Research Center and Development in collaboration with foreign researchers and conducted by the Archeological Research Center and Development and Archaeological Center of Palembang themselves. Archaeological Center of Palembang each year doing research since 2006 with the aim to reveal aspects of past human life such as economy, social, and religious in the local and regional context. The data obtained so far have achieved that goal, although the conclusions can be debated.
Analisis Bahan Gerabah Pada Temuan Hasil Ekskavasi di Kawasan Lembah Behoa
Authors: Triningsih Wiji , Umar Dwi Yani Yuniawati
Published: March 2024

The Behoa Valley Area is one of megalithic cultural heritage from the early metal era (paleometallic) and the supporting communities was already familiar with technology of pottery creation. The discovery of pottery fragments dominates each research carried out in this site. This paper aims to understand the source of the pottery materials by comparing modern pottery materials used by the current community around the site. Total of 26 samples were used, consist of 24 pottery fragments sampled from sites in The Behoa Valley area, one pottery fragment sampled from Pangawumbu, and one pottery fragment sampled from craftsman in Doda village. Method of analysis used in this research is chemical element analysis, conducted towards the clay matrix and carried out microscopically using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Chemical element analysis of the clay matrix are used to understand the pottery clusters based on chemical element composition contained in the clay matrix. Pottery clusters then discovered from statistical analysis using Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Clustering Analysis methods. Based on the result of the chemical elements analysis, it is revealed that pottery material from the sites in The Behoa Valley area has similarity with pottery material from craftsman around the site.