bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Weight of Tax Revenue in the Pakistan Economy
Authors: Chowdhury A.H.M. Nuruddin
Published: July 2018

This paper provides a general review of taxes in Pakistan with
special reference to central government tax efforts. The weight of
central taxes in national income and in the central budget is analysed
using the tax data for the period 1948-62. Some suggestions are made
about mobilizing more savings by raising tax revenues. The Case for
Raising the Weight of Tax Revenue In the developing countries, we
usually find a fiscal system where the relative weight of the public
revenues in the total economy is meagre and limited to certain sectors.
This state of affairs tends to make fiscal policy weak as well as blunt.
As increasing the effectiveness of monetary policy in underdeveloped
countries presupposes organization and wide dissemination of monetary
institutions, so a prerequisite for an efficacious fiscal policy is
enhancement of the influence of taxes in the economy1. Enhancement of
the relative importance of taxation in the economy is essential for a
number of reasons. First, the governments of the developing countries
have to finance increasingly larger development programmes. The safe way
to acquire the necessary resources is through taxes, as supply
rigidities make flirtation with inflationary finance a dangerous game8.
Second, power to tax brings with it the power to regulate. The
government can perform its function of guiding the economy along the
planned course without excessive reliance on direct controls only if it
is adequately armed with effective tax powers which can touch any part
of the economy accord¬ing to the need of circumstances. Third, built-in
stabilizers and counter¬cyclical tax adjustments can successfully offset
fluctuations in income and employment "where the ratio of taxes to
national income is high, a large proportion of revenue is from net
income taxes and there is a large foreign
Waterlogging and Salinity in West Pakistan: An Analysis of the
Revelle Report (Review Article)
Authors: Mohammad Ghulam , Beringer Christoph
Published: July 2018

In 1961 during the state visit by President Mohammad Ayub Khan
to the United States, the two Presidents discussed the problem of
waterlogging and salinity and its implications for economic development
in Pakistan. As a result of this meeting, a Panel of U.S. experts was
assembled to study the problem. This Panel was composed of specialists
in agriculture, hydrology, engineering and social sciences; its chairman
was Dr. Roger Revelle, Science Adviser to the United States Secretary of
the Interior. The Panel's Report1 was submitted to the President of
Pakistan in September 1962, with the comment that it should be
considered as being still in preliminary draft form and subject to
continuing revisions as comments from other experts in the field are
received. The present article is based on this preliminary version of
the Revelle Report. While there may be changes in detail, we have
assumed that the broad conclusions embodied in the Report will remain
unchanged.
The Balance-of-Payments Problem and Resource Allocation in
Pakistan—A linear Programming Approach .
Authors: Naqvi Syed Nawab Haider
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine Pakistan's
foreign-trade problems and policies in the context of the wider question
of a rational allocation of domestic resources. It will be argued that
measures taken in Pakistan to regulate the flow of imports and exports
have led to a pattern of resource allocation which may aggravate the
balance-of-payments problem. The difficulty is mainly attributable to
the fact that foreign economic policies and policy measures taken to
regulate the domestic economy have often been at cross-purposes. For
instance, whereas the domestic .investment policy has aimed at promoting
the most economical use of scarce investment resources, the licensing
system has provided strong incentive for a wasteful use of these
resources by encouraging import substitution even where the country may
have a long-run comparative disadvantage. While domestic policy has
aimed at raising the marginal rate of savings, the policy of protecting
consumption goods, particularly the nonessential ones, has tended to
liberalize consumption.
Development Strategy for Pakistan
Authors: Power John H.
Published: July 2018

Economic planning is of such recent origin in Pakistan that,
up to now, it has necessarily been ad hoc in character. The problems of
the present and immediate future have always appeared so pressing to the
planners that, aside from hopeful compound-interest projections to the
next generation and occasional evasive reference to the advantages of a
"mixed" economy, there has been little in the way of a philosophy or
long-run strategy of economic development that one could attribute to
the planning authorities. This is not at all surprising when one recalls
that the First Five Year Plan was not officially approved until more
than one-third of the plan period had passed. The final version had to
be in part a rationalization of what had already occurred. Even the
Second Plan was ready only on the eve of the beginning of the plan
period and the final revised version did not appear until 15 months
later.
Excavations in Midea 2008–2009
Authors: Demakopoulou Katie , Divari-Valakou Nicoletta , Lowe Fri Maria , Miller Madelaine , Nilsson Monica , Schallin Ann-Louise
Published: July 2018

Excavations in Midea continued in 2008 and 2009 as a Greek-Swedish programme under the direction of Dr Katie Demakopoulou in collaboration with Dr Ann-Louise Schallin. On the lower west terrace of the Acropolis excavation continued in Trench C in order to conclude the investigation of the syrinx discovered in 2007. A small trench was opened in the interior of Room I to examine the deposit below its floor. Furthermore, the cleaning of a large area outside the north section of the citadel wall brought to light a large part of a massive terrace wall. Investigations were made in three adjacent locations in the area east of the East Gate: in the baulk between Trenches 3 and 9, in Trench 9S and in Trench 12. As a result of these excavations new walls were discovered, which add to our previous knowledge of the layout of the series of rooms in this area, abutting the fortification wall. The finds include fragments of important pictorial pottery as well as a cylinder seal made in soft stone.
Labraunda 2009. A preliminary report on the Swedish excavations
Authors: Karlsson Lars , Blid Jesper , Henry Olivier
Published: July 2018

The 2009 campaign in Labraunda accomplished three goals: the termination of the excavations in the Byzantine fort on the Acropolis and in the Late Roman Tetraconch and the complete excavation of the impressive marble chamber tomb along the Sacred Way. In the Acropolis Fortress, evidence was found to support the military character of the Byzantine establishment: the rooms along the fortification wall were paved and had a rectangular shape, suggesting defensive rooms. In these rooms sling stones were found. Structures dating from the Hekatomnid period were further investigated this year, and a well cut into the gneiss bedrock was excavated. In the Tetraconch, the north apse was excavated down to bedrock and a coin from Constantius II (348–357/8) suggests an ante quem dating for this unique and sophisticated structure. The geophysical investigations indicated that a church is located on the terrace below the Tetraconch and a first sondage was conducted here. The large marble chamber tomb was completely excavated and emptied of its content. Small pieces of pottery indicate a date in the middle of the fourth century BC. The extensive geophysical survey was carried out at five different areas around the Sanctuary, in order to achieve a better picture of the entire Sanctuary, as the early excavations had involved only its central part. Evidence for several previously unknown structures came to light: possibly a temple on the East Stoa terrace and further bath buildings at the East Bath, as well as several unexcavated tombs.
Water, well-being and social complexity in insula V I. A Pompeian city block revisited
Authors: Leander Touati Anne-Marie
Published: July 2018

Swedish archaeologists have been working in Pompeii since 2000. Our fieldwork has consisted mainly of the study of standing walls and cleared floor levels in a city block unearthed in the 19th century and of the production of a comprehensive documentation, presented in an open access publication: www.pompejiprojektet.se/insula.php. The perspective of the present paper is the insula as a whole. Its main study objects are features of recurrent nature that in varying form and frequency are found in many of the separate houses and other units that constitute this insula: for example, the divergent materials used for the rubble masonry in the first phase of urbanisation, structures used for water management such as water supply and drains, possible earthquake damage and resulting repairs, preferences for where kitchens and sanitary installations are placed, markers indicating property borders and dependencies such as pavement curbing, courses of water inlets and drains, shops communicating with the houses through rear doorways, and the existence and extent of second-storey flats. The features studied are contextualised in their natural and urban environment. In general, historical events enter the discussion when linked to the chronological development of the infrastructures, communal and private, which this study highlights as being of decisive importance for understanding the development of the organisation of real estate and social structures in this insula and on a wider stage as well.
Chiusi e il Clusium Group. Un nuovo documento dagli scavi di Orvieto
Authors: Gilotta Fernando
Published: July 2018

This note deals with sherds of a very important “new” Etruscan red-figure cup from Orvieto (Excavations Campo della Fiera, 2006), showing a fragmentary group of Fufluns/Satyr and a winged female goddess. The poorly preserved paintings, close to the “Clusium Group” as far as the central medaillon is concerned, are reminiscent of older “tiberine” vases, such as the Casuccini stamnos and related pottery, and at the same time show intriguing links with later Faliscan and Campanizing red-figure. This combination of stylistic and workshop relationships sheds light on the milieu from which the Clusium Group (possibly) emerged around the middle of the fourth century BC. As for the kylix, a date toward the third quarter of the fourth century BC is suggested.
Pictures and people. Seals, figurines and Peloponnesian imagery
Authors: Weiberg Erika
Published: July 2018

The point of departure for this paper is the publication of two Early Helladic sealing fragments from the coastal settlement of Asine on the north-east Peloponnese in Greece. After an initial description and discussion they are set in the context of sealing custom established on the Greek mainland around 2500 BCE. In the first part of the paper focus is on the apparent qualitative differences between the available seals and the contemporary seal impressions, as well as between different sealing assemblages on northeastern Peloponnese. This geographical emphasis is carried into the second part of the paper which is a review and contextualisation of the representational art of the Aegean Early Bronze Age in general, and northeastern Peloponnese in particular. Seal motifs and figurines are the main media for Early Helladic representational art preserved until today, yet in many ways very dissimilar. These opposites are explored in order to begin to build a better understanding of Peloponnesian representational art, the choices of motifs, and their roles in the lives of the Early Helladic people.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Humanities and Social Science Research, Vol. 1, No. 1
Authors: Cliff Leon
Published: July 2018

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Humanities and Social Science Research, Vol. 1, No. 1
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Modern Health Science, Vol. 1, No. 1
Authors: Brown Lacy
Published: July 2018

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Modern Health Science, Vol. 1, No. 1
A recepção de Gramsci no pensamento social boliviano
Authors: Silva Allysson Lemos Gama da , Rodrigues Theófilo Codeço Machado
Published: July 2018

A influência do pensamento gramsciano no Brasil é relativamente conhecida pela literatura especializada. O que pouco sabemos é que também no pensamento social boliviano essa matriz teórica foi apropriada. Entre esses intérpretes, estão importantes intelectuais como René Zavaleta Mercado, Luis Tapia e Álvaro García-Linera. Intelectuais que souberam operar a apropriação do repertório teórico de Antônio Gramsci para a compreensão das particularidades da Bolívia. O presente artigo está subdividido em 5 seções. Na primeira, apresentamos o repertório de conceitos gramscianos aqui utilizados como Estado, hegemonia e sociedade civil. Em seguida, identificamos o contexto histórico que informa o debate sobre a formação social boliviana. Na terceira seção, observamos a relação entre hegemonia e a questão nacional no país. As duas partes finais verificam as apropriações gramscianas feitas por Luis Tapia e Álvaro García-Linera para a interpretação do caso boliviano.
Notas sobre a questão sexual nos cadernos carcerários de Gramsci
Authors: Passos Rodrigo Duarte Fernandes dos , Santana Diana Patricia Ferreira de
Published: July 2018

Como fazer uma avaliação inicial sobre o tema da questão sexual nos cadernos carcerários de Antonio Gramsci? Esta é a questão central que motiva este ensaio. A questão sexual é o termo usado por Antonio Gramsci para referir-se a temáticas contemporaneamente afins ao gênero e ao feminismo. Esta é a hipótese embrionária que orienta o argumento a ser desenvolvido neste texto. Não se pretende confundir gênero e feminismo na presente reflexão, categorias distintas e complexas. Também não se pretende incorrer em anacronismo, tendo em vista a cronologia da noção de gênero ser bastante posterior às formulações gramscianas. Pretende-se discutir estes pontos em termos de suas possibilidades de ressignificação em termos históricos, coerentes com a categoria gramsciana de “tradução”. O texto percorrerá as seguintes etapas: uma definição e discussão do tema da questão sexual conforme Gramsci, um cotejo de dois momentos diferentes de sua lavra carcerária - o parágrafo 62 do caderno carcerário 1 e o parágrafo 3 do caderno carcerário 22 - sobre a categoria em pauta e alguns de seus nexos e contextos abordados sumariamente, com uma breve conclusão com o resumo dos principais argumentos e o ensejo para novas reflexões sobre o tema em tela.
Notas gramscianas: golpe de estado e luta de classes no Brasil do século XXI
Authors: Silva Marcelo Lira
Published: July 2018

Buscar-se-á desenvolver ao longo desse artigo a tese de que o Golpe de Estado soft no Brasil de 2016, de tipo Parlamentar-Judicial-Midiático, aprofundou a agenda neoliberal-flexível, fundamentada e estruturada no binômio modernização-conservação. Entretanto, devido a particularidade do processo de formação social brasileira, forjada a partir de uma revolução passiva (1928-1978), a agenda da modernização vem acompanhada pelo binômio modernização-conservação, no qual o elemento conservação impõe-se enquanto determinação histórico-social fundamental de condução da modernização. Trata-se de resgatar as chaves de leitura do pensador italiano Antonio Gramsci, como forma de construir as mediações e tentativas de construções de entendimento acerca do Brasil do século XXI.
Crítica artística e “tradutibilidade” nos cadernos do cárcere de Antonio Gramsci
Authors: Lacorte Rocco
Published: July 2018

Neste ensaio, pretendemos investigar a relação que se dá entre umas das formulações gramscianas sobre a arte e a crítica artística e uns dos nós e elaborações teóricas sobre os entrelaçamentos entre política, filosofia e cultura, cujo vértice teórico é representado pela teoria da “tradutibilidade”. Ao ler juntamente alguns dos textos importantes relativos a esses âmbitos distintos, pode-se mostrar como a concepção da atividade artística não possa ser separada daquela mais vasta, cultural e política, da produção de uma “vontade coletiva” e de uma “reforma intelectual e moral”, que Gramsci inclui no seu discurso sobre o “popular-nacional”, o qual, por sua vez, implica o sobre as dinâmicas acerca das relações políticas-culturais (hegemônicas) internacionais. Isso deveria levar a excluir que o Gramsci maduro continue influenciado pelo idealismo, em particular o de Benedetto Croce, em relação à sua concepção da arte e da crítica artística.
Resenha: Gramsci e a Revolução Russa
Authors: Marins Teresa Rocha de
Published: July 2018

Resenha:LOLE, Ana; GOMES, Victor L. C.; DEL ROIO, Marcos. (Org.). Gramsci e a Revolução Russa. Rio de Janeiro: Mórula, 2017.
METODE FORWARD CHAINING PADA SISTEM PAKAR DALAM MENDIAGNOSIS PENYAKIT KULIT
Authors: Santi Indyah Hartami , Septiawan Ardita Irvan
Published: July 2018

Kesehatan merupakan hal yang berharga bagi manusia karena siapa saja dapat mengalami gangguan kesehatan. Orang dewasa juga rentan terhadap berbagai macam penyakit. Penyakit kulit sering menyerang orang dewasa. Kulit merupakan organ terluar dan merupakan organ perlindungan pertama pada manusia sehingga jika terjadi sesuatu pada manusia maka organ yang lebih dahulu terkena adalah kulit. Ketersediaan seorang pakar masih terbatas dibandingkan dengan penderita yang mengalamai gangguan kulit. Sistem ini dirancang untuk dapat menirukan keahlian seorang pakar dalam menjawab pertanyaan dan menyelesaikan suatu permasalahan, khususnya di bidang kesehatan. Pemanfaatan teknologi dalam bidang kesehatan sangatlah perlu terutama dalam membantu tugas seorang pakar kulit. Penelitian sistem pakar ini bertujuan untuk mendiagnosis penyakit kulit dengan menggunakan metode fordward chaining berbasis web yang disertai dengan cara pencegahan dan pengobatannya.
Canteras-taller El Ranchito (Dpto. Ischilín, Córdoba). Una primera aproximación a la caracterización de las fuentes y al análisis de los conjuntos líticos
Authors: Sario Gisela , Pautassi Eduardo , Salvatore Marcos
Published: July 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una primera aproximación a la caracterización de los afloramientos y el análisis tecno-tipológico de materiales líticos recolectados en una cantera-taller, ubicada en la localidad arqueológica El Ranchito (valle de Copacabana, Dpto. Ischilín), en el norte de la provincia de Córdoba. A lo largo de las investigaciones arqueológicas en el valle se menciona la presencia de una materia prima lítica de muy buena calidad para la talla, una roca silícea, de la cual se han hallado puntas de proyectil y otros artefactos formatizados. Si bien su presencia es escasa en comparación con otras materias primas como el cuarzo, la misma se encuentra en la mayoría de los sitios arqueológicos de la región. En la localidad El Ranchito se han identificado tres fuentes primarias de aprovisionamiento de este material, como resultado de cuatro prospecciones en donde se realizaron ocho cuadrículas de recolección de material lítico en diferentes sectores. Los relevamientos permitieron establecer la disponibilidad natural de esta materia prima, extrayéndose muestras de la fuente identificada que fueron inspeccionadas con microscopio e identificadas como silcrete. Aquí se presentan los resultados del análisis de la primera unidad de recolección realizada, en la que se recuperaron en su mayoría ecofactos y desechos de talla, y en menor proporción núcleos e instrumentos. Esto nos permite inferir que la actividad principal era el descortezamiento de nódulos.
Análisis bioarqueológico de un individuo recuperado en el Fuerte San José (Pla. Valdés, Pcia. de Chubut, 1779-1810)
Authors: Garcia Guraieb Solana , Tessone Augusto , Buscalglia Silvana , Crespo Cristian , Bianchi Villelli Marcia , Del Papa Mariano
Published: July 2018

Como parte de las investigaciones arqueológicas en Península Valdés (Chubut), se presentan datos osteológicos, paleopatológicos, morfométricos, cronológicos, isotópicos y genéticos obtenidos del estudio de un individuo recuperado en el contexto del Fuerte San José (1779-1810). Dado que la península registra ocupaciones desde el Holoceno medio, un primer objetivo fue determinar si se trataba de un poblador del fuerte. Los documentos históricos refieren que dicha población fue masculina y multiétnica. Asimismo, mencionan un “camposanto” y dos eventos de alta mortalidad al principio y al final de la ocupación. El entierro corresponde a un adulto probablemente masculino, en posición decúbito dorsal. Se destacan las lesiones craneales compatibles con episodios de violencia interpersonal perimortem. La datación por AMS (hueso) arrojó una fecha de 387 ± 51 años ARCP (AA104437) y valores en colágeno óseo de -15,2‰ para el ?13C, de 10,5‰ para ?15N y de ?18O= -1,7 ‰ y -0,9 ‰ en apatita y esmalte, respectivamente. Estos valores sugieren una dieta y procedencia distintas a las conocidas para los cazadores-recolectores de la región. Los análisis genéticos preliminares identificaron un linaje materno euroasiático. Los resultados aportan al escaso conocimiento disponible acerca de las poblaciones no originarias en Patagonia a finales del período colonial.
Determinación del sexo a través de la métrica dental en cazadores recolectores de la transición pampeano-patagónica oriental
Authors: Luna Leandro , Flensborg Gustavo
Published: July 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la pertinencia de la métrica dental para obtener información sexual en individuos que habitaron el curso inferior del río Colorado durante el Holoceno tardío (ca. 3000-250 años AP), discutir el grado de dimorfismo sexual e identificar las variables cuantitativas de la dentición que permitan discriminar el sexo de nuevos individuos que se incluyan en futuros análisis. Se estudiaron las medidas máximas bucolinguales y mesiodistales del cuello de los dientes correspondientes a 26 individuos adultos. Las variables más dimórficas corresponden al diámetro bucolingual del canino superior y de ambos segundos molares; en estos casos, las diferencias entre los sexos son estadísticamente significativas. Los resultados obtenidos sobre el dimorfismo sexual se ubican en el extremo superior de los valores correspondientes a diferentes poblaciones humanas. Varios individuos que no contaban con información sexual a través de los métodos tradicionales pudieron ser clasificados desde la métrica dental, lo cual da cuenta del importante potencial de las medidas dentales para contribuir a las caracterizaciones paleodemográficas de conjuntos bioarqueológicos, especialmente en contextos perturbados y con escasa integridad esqueletal.
Explicar la eficacia de una operación de paz, buscando reconocimiento como militares. La experiencia de los cascos azules argentinos en Haití
Authors: Frederic Sabina
Published: July 2018

La operación de paz en Haití es considerada por los ex cascos azules argentinos, la más importante de sus carreras profesionales. Entre 2004 y 2015 fueron desplegados trece mil militares, mayoritariamente del Ejército. Al relatar su experiencia, los integrantes de los primeros batallones explicaban su eficacia en la pacificación, introduciendo su sensibilidad a la pobreza de los haitianos en el ambiente operacional y la consiguiente ejecución de acciones cívicas. En sus narrativas así respondían también a la ausencia de reconocimiento de las Fuerzas Armadas en el ámbito doméstico. Al analizar la construcción del ambiente operacional mostraremos cómo una operación considerada militar se atribuye su éxito a una variedad de tareas cívicas de aproximación a la población local y de qué manera produjo ambigüedades en la condición de militares, guerreros y humanizados. Indagamos esta cuestión en entrevistas etnográficas realizadas a ex cascos azules para introducirnos en el debate sobre: el rol de las Fuerzas Armadas argentinas en el proceso de la Posguerra Fría; la referencia al escenario nacional en la construcción de los ambientes operacionales en misiones de paz extraterritoriales; y la condición cambiante de los militares en procesos de pacificación.
Ruralidad y estado nutricional. Un estudio en la población de Magdalena (provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina)
Authors: Torres Maria Fernanda , Luis María Antonia , Garraza Mariela , Oyhenart Evelia Edith
Published: July 2018

En Argentina, la “ruralidad” es definida comúnmente como “aquello que no es urbano” empleando diferentes criterios i.e. geográficos o estadísticos. El objetivo es analizar el estado nutricional en relación a las características socio-ambientales en que residen los niños de Magdalena (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Se realizó un estudio transversal en 428 escolares de 3.0 a 14.9 años asistentes a establecimientos de diferentes localidades categorizados como rurales por el Consejo Escolar. Se relevó peso (P) y talla (T) y calculó Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC). Las prevalencias de Bajo Peso/Edad (BPE), Baja Talla/Edad (BTE), Bajo IMC (BIMC), Sobrepeso (S) y Obesidad (O) fueron calculadas empleando la referencia OMS. Las variables socio-ambientales fueron relevadas mediante una encuesta estructurada. Los datos fueron analizados mediante análisis de componentes principales categórico y permitieron caracterizar a la población y diferenciarla en dos grupos. Las prevalencias generales de exceso de peso (29.8%: S 17.2%, O 12.6%) superaron 5 veces a la desnutrición (6.7%: BPE 1.6%, BTE 4.4%, BIMC 0.7%). La regresión indicó mayor probabilidad de obesidad en varones del grupo más urbano (1: 21.6%, 2: 9.80%). Se concluye que en el ambiente rural heterogéneo, el estado nutricional de los niños difiere.
Asentamiento y paisaje. Un estudio de caso mediante el análisis de cuencas visuales teóricas en el Valle de Balcosna, provincia de Catamarca, Argentina
Authors: Villafañez Emilio Alejandro
Published: July 2018

This paper aims to bring the reader a theoretical case study of the viewshed in the Balcosna Valley (Catamarca province). This place is located in the last slopes of the Yungas zone, and it counts with few references in the archaeological literature, so our first questions were directed by the need to understand the social construction of landscape in the valley, where visibility seems to have been an important sociability of groups that inhabited the area. Methodologically we conducted archaeological surveys guided by the trails which still persist in the valley, which allowed us to comprehend them from a novel perspective. We interpret this valley as a place where the landscape was constantly re-created, where the sites were arranged in a logic where visibility and inter-visibility were relevant factors and also to a point necessary in the constant social interactions of the persons inhabiting the area.
El uso de Rhea americana por los antiguos pobladores del sitio Beltrán Onofre Banegas-Lami Hernández del Chaco Seco (Santiago del Estero)
Authors: Del Papa Luis Manuel , Moro Leda
Published: July 2018

El rol de Rhea americana en la subsistencia de los antiguos pobladores ha sido analizado en diferentes regiones del país, principalmente en la Pampeana y Patagónica. En varios sitios de la provincia de Santiago del Estero se registra la presencia de R. americana con evidencias directas de consumo, y habría ocupado el segundo o tercer puesto de importancia en los recursos faunísticos de los grupos humanos luego de los camélidos para el período agroalfarero. En este trabajo se analizan los restos de R. americana del sitio Beltrán Onofre Banegas-Lami Hernández (contexto Sunchitúyoj, período agroalfarero tardío, ca. 800-300 AP) con el fin de evaluar los procesos que generaron su registro. Se realizó la cuantificación, la comparación con marcos de referencia y el análisis tafonómico de los materiales. En este sentido, se observa una mayor proporción de los elementos del miembro posterior, en menor medida del esqueleto axial y escaso del miembro anterior. Estos restos presentan evidencias de acumulación antrópica y una incidencia de la acción de agentes naturales que consideramos no fue significativa. De los resultados obtenidos, se infiere que la actividad antrópica fue el principal factor que contribuyó a una proporción diferencial de partes esqueletarias
Protocolo para la preparación de secciones delgadas sin descalcificar de tejido óseo humano
Authors: Navarro Tamara Giselle , Jannello Marcos , Cerda Ignacio A. , Béguelin Marien , Vázquez Romina
Published: July 2018

La obtención de cortes delgados de restos óseos correspondiente tanto a materiales fósiles como arqueológicos suele ser una tarea poco sencilla, lo cual conlleva generalmente un elevado costo y tiempos prolongados. Por otra parte, la formación de un laboratorio con las características necesarias para la realización de protocolos ya establecidos es sumamente costosa. En este trabajo se presenta un protocolo alternativo para la obtención de cortes delgados de muestras óseas humanas de sitios arqueológicos con el objetivo de aplicarlo al análisis microestructural. Los procedimientos de obtención de cortes delgados que aquí se detallan están al alcance de laboratorios de reciente formación. En primer lugar, se midió y se registró con imágenes digitales un fémur, una tibia y una primera costilla de un individuo adulto procedente de un cementerio contemporáneo. Luego se extrajeron fragmentos de 1 cm de hueso. Con el material se confeccionaron réplicas y por último se obtuvieron los cortes delgados. Los resultados obtenidos fueron óptimos para la observación de las características microestructurales del hueso. Con los ajustes adecuados (tiempo de fraguado, granulometría del abrasivo de acuerdo a la dureza del material, impregnación, etc.) este protocolo podría ser utilizado para diversos tipos de muestras actuales, arqueológicas e incluso fósiles.
Osteocondritis disecante. Primeros resultados en restos humanos de cazadores-recolectores del Holoceno en Patagonia austral
Authors: Zúñiga Thayer Rodrigo , Suby Jorge , Flensborg Gustavo , Luna Leandro
Published: July 2018

La osteocondritis disecante (OCD) es una patología que afecta el cartílago articular y el hueso subcondral en las epífisis articulares de humanos y otros mamíferos. A pesar de que su etiología es multifactorial, la presencia de esta lesión ha sido frecuentemente atribuida a microtraumatismos reiterados por los efectos de la actividad física sobre las articulaciones afectadas. Este trabajo involucra un primer paso en el estudio de esta patología en restos humanos de Patagonia Austral, la cual no fue analizada en forma sistemática. El objetivo es analizar la variabilidad de la OCD en un conjunto de restos humanos de 26 individuos adultos pertenecientes a sociedades de cazadores-recolectores de esta región durante el Holoceno medio-tardío (ca. 5200-70 años AP) y su posible relación con la edad, el sexo, la dieta, la cronología y el  geográfica de procedencia. Se discute si su expresión está vinculada con los patrones de actividad física desarrollados por los grupos, en función de las prácticas económicas llevadas a cabo. La prevalencia general observada en esta muestra (42,3%), mayor a la reportada para poblaciones actuales, sugiere que la actividad física habría desempeñado un rol importante en el desarrollo de la OCD en al menos parte de las personas afectadas.
Ciencia, derecho, política y cultura en el conflicto por el bosque nativo en la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: Koberwein Adrián
Published: July 2018

This article analyzes the role of scientific knowledge in contemporary environmental conflicts. Specifically, it addresses a conflict regarding the reform of the forest protection law in the province of Córdoba, Argentina. Understanding the cognitive, political, social, cultural and economic struggle between parties in favour and against the law reform as a “total social process”, the aim is to analyze the way in which scientific knowledge can be socially produced as a political instrument for claiming and demanding participation in matters such as environment “destruction”, “sustainable exploitation” or “conservation”. The conclusion shows that this particular conflict is part of a broader struggle on the legitimacy of a social and environmental crisis in Córdoba. As a necessary asset, science is not enough. Scientific knowledge is translated into other forms of language in order to communicate the social importance of the forest and the necessity to stand against interests that would put it in danger.
Estilos de percepción de la biodiversidad y su conservación en actores sociales de áreas protegidas de Córdoba
Authors: Martínez Gustavo Javier , Manzano-García Jessica
Published: July 2018

Se propone interpretar las percepciones locales relacionadas con la biodiversidad y su conservación en tres áreas protegidas de las Sierras de Córdoba. La información se obtuvo de técnicas de investigación etnoecológica, registros de observación participante, entrevistas en profundidad, encuestas semi-estructuradas y talleres participativos. Desde un punto de vista cualitativo se abordan narrativas en las que se evidencian pluralidad de percepciones vinculadas con problemáticas ambientales y con la importancia, conservación, retracción y/o control de especies. El análisis de sus contenidos revela la coexistencia de estilos perceptuales, asociados con diferentes perfiles de actores sociales. Esto se hace particularmente manifiesto en aspectos como: la identificación de especies problemáticas y emblemáticas; la valoración de los animales domésticos y de la práctica ganadera; las representaciones acerca de las invasiones biológicas; y los criterios de relevancia y utilidad de taxones nativos e introducidos. Asimismo, mediante Análisis de Correspondencia Múltiple (ACM) se dio cuenta de diferentes estilos de percibir y valorar los paisajes de ambientes serranos. Finalmente se discuten las significaciones y matices que adoptan las concepciones de lo nativo/exótico, lo doméstico/salvaje, lo extinto/invasor-plaga, en ámbitos de conservación en las que convergen múltiples experiencias culturales.
Методика маршрутного учета северной пищухи (Ochotona (Pika) hyperborea Pallas, 1811, Lagomorpha, Ochotonidae)
Authors: Королев А. Н.
Published: July 2018

Предложена методика маршрутного учета северной пищухи (Ochotona (Pika) hyperborea Pallas, 1811). Приведены данные об относительной численности вида в бассейне р. Балбанъю (северная оконечность хребта Малдынырд, западный макросклон Приполярного Урала).
Government Anti-Obesity Policies Are Rarely Effective
Authors: Abdukadirov Sherzod , Carges Jessica
Published: July 2018

Addressing the obesity epidemic is an important national initiative with a goal of reducing its harmful health-related effects as well as reducing the individual and governmental economic burden of secondary complications. There are multiple strategies that might be used, with one strategy being increased government influence on health behavior through policy. This brief article discusses one side of the effect of government anti-obesity policy.
Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation in a Young Athletic Woman Following Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection
Authors: Patterson Mark A. , Hayes Sharonne N. , Squires Ray W. , Tweet Marysia S.
Published: July 2018

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is a cause of myocardial infarction in young apparently healthy individuals. While most cardiac rehabilitation programs are fully capable of caring for these individuals in a supervised setting, their young age and often very physically fit condition can necessitate a different set of issues for their care versus the care for a more traditional patient. This case study describes a young, physically fit woman diagnosed with spontaneous coronary artery dissection who underwent a home-based cardiac rehabilitation program administered by a clinical exercise physiologist.
Hiring Practices of Exercise Physiologist in Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs among Mid-Atlantic States in the United States
Authors: Bowersock Allison Hope , Breeding William Alexander , Sheppard Carmel Alexander
Published: July 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this survey was to identify factors that may be influencing the appreciation of exercise physiology as a discipline as demonstrated by hiring practices in regional clinical settings.

Methods: A telephone survey was administered to 33 cardiac rehabilitation programs in 5 states in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States (Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia).

Results: The distribution of nurses and exercise physiologists (EPs) employed by the 33 facilities varied by state, but overall there were 86 nurses and 55 EPs working among the surveyed facilities. Of the 33 surveyed facilities, 12 (36%) reported a preference for hiring nurses over EPs; only 4 (12%) reported a preference for hiring EPs over nurses. The remaining facilities (n = 17; 52%) reported no preference (n = 12; 36%) or that the decision depends on a variety of factors (n = 5; 15%). Several common themes were identified from respondents. These included that, compared to nurses, EPs have greater expertise in exercise prescription and better understanding of safe exercise progression for patients. However, nurses were believed to possess greater assessment and clinical skill with an emphasis on emergency response preparedness and greater general patient education skills.

Conclusion: Academic programs that prepare students for careers as EPs employed in clinical settings may benefit from additional coursework and internship site selection that focus on clinical assessment skills, emergency preparedness, and patient education to reinforce their work in an exercise science curriculum.
The Affordable Care Act and Coverage for Exercise Rehabilitation Services
Authors: Nerenz David R.
Published: July 2018

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) provides for expanded coverage of rehabilitation and therapy services under the broad concept of “essential health services,” but that coverage generally involves out-of-pocket expense for those receiving it. The ACA does not include exercise rehabilitation services in the list of preventive services that must be covered with no out-of-pocket expense.
Duhovnost i duhovnik u palijativnoj skrbi
Authors: Bešlić Vinka
Published: July 2018

Polazeći od pojma duhovnosti u palijativnoj skrbi u ovom se članku na osnovu filozofsko-antropoloških spoznaja monističkog dualizma kao i osnovnih postavki triju velikih svjetskih religija o čovjekovu življenju i njegovoj usmjerenosti na Boga, želi osvijetliti značenje duhovnosti kao i ulogu duhovnika u palijativnoj skrbi. Duhovnost je važna sastavnica cjelokupne brige za dostojanstvo čovjekova življenja u najtežim situacijama bolesti ili starosti. Povećani interes za duhovnošću uopće, a napose u medicini, potvrđuje još jednom važnost holističkog pristupa čovjeku u palijativnoj skrbi. Monistički dualizam naglašava međusobno prožimanje duha, duše i tijela u čovjekovu življenju. Iz ovog proizlazi da duhovna dimenzija ima vrlo važnu ulogu. Tri najveće religije svijeta na njima svojstven način govore o smislu čovjekova života i smrti te o duhovnim vrijednostima, koje nadilaze čovjekov ovozemaljski život. U palijativnoj skrbi je bitna prisutnost duhovnika, koji će pokušati pomoći čovjeku u iznimno teškim situacijama za njega i njegovu obitelj, da im bude blizu, sluša ih, razumije i pokuša im otkriti istinske neprolazne vrijednosti. Duhovnik se sa svojim kompetencijama znanja i iskustva stavlja na raspolaganje ne samo čovjeku u palijativnoj skrbi nego i njegovoj rodbini kao i osoblju u palijativnom timu.
Koncept ontološkog tijela u prozama hrvatskih spisateljica prve polovice 20. stoljeća
Authors: Kuvač-Levačić Kornelija , Vulelija Ana
Published: July 2018

Čitava povijest zapadne misli iskustvo tjelesnog, vezanog uz pojam žene i ženskosti, vezivala je uz predodžbe podređenosti ili nadnaravne uzvišenosti, utemeljene na dualističkom konceptu tijelo/duša, koja sa stvarnim iskustvom bivanja u ženskom tijelu nije imala puno veze. Ne začuđuje stoga činjenica da su se različiti feministički pokreti u drugoj polovici dvadesetog stoljeća usmjerili upravo na propitivanja tjelesnih iskustava žene u konkretnim društvenim zajednicama, no bez nastojanja oko iščitavanja moguće transcendentnosti tijela, skrenuvši time prema paradoksu produbljivanja dualizma. Hrvatske spisateljice već u prvoj polovici 20. stoljeća tematiku tijela i tjelesnosti prepoznale su kao potencijalnu u izgradnji svojih angažiranih književnih tekstova. Problematika kojom će se ovaj rad primarno baviti – a koja svoj okvir dobiva najprije u prikazu okolnosti u kojima su stvarale hrvatske spisateljice na korelaciji suprotnih pojmova um/tijelo, muško/žensko, gdje se, prema teoretičarki feminizma i korporalnosti Elizabeth Grosz, reprezentacija muškarca povezuje s umom, a žene s tijelom (1994.) – odnosi se na prikaze tijela i tjelesnosti u književnim djelima onih autorica koje su ovu tematiku smjestile u središte svog književnog interesa. Pokazat ćemo da te autorice (Zofka Kveder, Mara Ivančan, Mara Švel-Gamiršek) žensko tijelo nastoje reinterpretirati tako da se ono izdiže iznad navedenih, kulturalno prihvaćenih binarnih opreka. Ispitat će se mogućnost iščitavanja transcendentnog, ontološkog, odnosno filozofskog tijela u njihovim tekstovima. Filozofsko tijelo čini jedan od najvažnijih problema suvremene filozofije, prema teoriji filozofa Jean-Lucea Nancyja, koji se posebno bavio razbijanjem binarne opozicije duh/tijelo i davanjem novih značenja tijelu. Korpus tekstova obrađenih u ovom radu činit će: zbirka fragmenata Misterij žene hrvatsko-slovenskočeške spisateljice Zofke Kveder, zatim roman ili duža pripovijest Čudnovata priča Mare Ivančan i, na koncu, zbirka pripovijedaka Mare Švel-Gamiršek Portreti nepoznatih žena. Rad će odgovoriti na pitanje jesu li spomenute književnice ponudile drukčiju predodžbu tijela od one koja im se, kao podređenim članovima društva, pripisivala (žensko tijelo koje kao takvo ne može biti u vezi s kategorijama razum/spiritualno jer je vođeno isključivo nagonima) i one koju su nekoliko desetljeća kasnije ponudile feminističke teorije drugog vala (gdje se tijelo koncipira dominantno kao materijalno iskustvo i kojem se, kao takvom, ne otvaraju mogućnosti za pripisivanje transcendentnosti).
Povezanost zadovoljstva nastavom metodike likovne kulture s nekim aspektima obveza studenata i organizacije nastave
Authors: Županić Benić Marijana
Published: July 2018

U radu je istražena povezanost između zadovoljstva nastavom iz metodike likovne kulture (MLK) s organizacijom nastave i obvezama studenata. Izdvojeni su samo neki od aspekata organizacije nastave koji u kontekstu ovog istraživanja podrazumijevaju broj studenata na predavanjima i vježbama, a obveze studenata vezane uz studij mjere se brojem izostanaka i njihovim završnim ocjenama. Istraživanje je provedeno na sedam učiteljskih fakulteta u Republici Hrvatskoj na uzorku od 220 studenata treće godine Ranog i predškolskog odgoja i obrazovanja. Korelacije su provedene na nezavisnim varijablama završna ocjena, broj izostanaka, broj studenata na predavanjima i vježbama iz MLK i tvrdnji vezanih uz skupne zavisne varijable, od kojih su u statistički značajnoj korelaciji: nastavno posredovanje, praćenje i ocjenjivanje studenata i organizacija nastave MLK. Zadovoljstvo studenata nastavom iz MLK u ovom istraživanju najviše je izraženo putem korelacija nezavisnih varijabli s nastavnim posredovanjem koje podrazumijeva kvalitetnu nastavnikovu izvedbu nastave i suradnički odnos sa studentima. Kao i kod prethodnih istraživanja, veće zadovoljstvo studenata povezano je s radom u manjim skupinama, a i s manjim brojem izostanaka s nastave.
EuroBioAct
Authors: Eterović Igor , Doričić Robert
Published: July 2018

Projekt EuroBioAct provodi se pri Katedri za društvene i humanističke znanosti u medicini Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci i Dokumentacijskoistraživačkog centra za europsku bioetiku »Fritz Jahr« Sveučilišta u Rijeci. S obzirom na činjenicu da je ovaj centar s jedne strane sastavnica Centra izvrsnosti za integrativnu bioetiku te da je njegova programska zadaća biti glavnim promotorom europeizacije bioetike, u širem se kontekstu analiziraju uloga i ishodi ovoga projekta. Nakon kraćeg predstavljanja glavnih ciljeva projekta i sustavne dokumentacije vidljivih/objavljenih rezultata koji neposredno proizlaze iz projektnog plana, prepoznajemo različite faze njegove realizacije naglašavajući važnost i značenje svakog koraka u cjelokupnome planu. Pokazalo se da projekt općenito ima važnu ulogu u širem bioetičkom okviru, a posebice nudi neke značajne metodološke novosti. U radu se daje kritička evaluacija rezultata projekta. Ujedno se daju daljnji prijedlozi koji se odnose na njegove glavne ciljeve.
Promišljanja o kristološkom utemeljenju međuljudskoga milosrđa na tragu izabranih crkvenih otaca
Authors: Filić Andrea
Published: July 2018

U članku se, na tragu promišljanja izabranih crkvenih otaca, obrađuje tema kristološkog utemeljenja međuljudskog milosrđa. U uvodnom se dijelu naznačuju opasnosti koje mogu pratiti međuljudsko milosrđe ukoliko ga se reducira samo na tjelesno ili duhovno djelo milosrđa, tj. samo na čin. U nastavku se, kroz dva poglavlja, ukazuje na bitne teološke sadržaje koji osvjetljuju milosrđe kao otajstveni osobni odnos između Boga i čovjeka te ljudi međusobno. U prvom se poglavlju obrađuju otački naglasci o Božjem milosrđu iskazanu kroz čudesnu razmjenu u kojoj je Bog postao čovjekom da bi čovjeka učinio dionikom svoje božanske naravi. Činjenica da je to dioništvo već djelomice ostvareno po Sinovljevu utjelovljenju, muci i smrti prva je pretpostavka koja čovjeku omogućuje nasljedovanje Isusova poziva da bude milosrdan kao Otac (usp. Lk 6, 36). Drugo je poglavlje usmjereno govoru o međuljudskom milosrđu. Ondje se prvo ukazuje na otačke tekstove koji, polazeći od mističkog tumačenja Mt 25, 40 (»Što god učiniste jednom od moje najmanje braće, meni učiniste«), prema kojem se Isus Krist kao proslavljeni poistovjećuje sa svakim čovjekom, ističu da je milosrđe učinjeno čovjeku učinjeno i Kristu. Potom se obrađuju tekstovi iz kojih je razvidno da je međuljudsko milosrđe nemoguće bez trajne Božje pomoći te, na koncu, oni koji jasno daju do znanja da je milosrđe među ljudima istodobno i očitovanje već dogođenog pobožanstvenjenja i put prema njegovu konačnom ispunjenju. U zaključku se konstatira da međuljudsko milosrđe svoj puni smisao i snagu zadobiva iz činjenice duboke i trajne ontološke povezanosti Boga i čovjeka.
Neuroznanstvena dekonstrukcija ideologiziranog »beznađa« vegetativnoga stanja
Authors: Čartolovni Anto
Published: July 2018

Recentna neuroznanstvena istraživanja propituju dosadašnju predrasudu o vegetativnom stanju kao »beznadnom« stanju. Rezultati ovih otkrića ne samo da ruše već postojeće predrasude prema osobama u vegetativnom stanju, već daju i nov uvid u epistemološku problematiku točnosti dijagnosticiranja aktualnog stanja, popraćenu etičkim i društvenim implikacijama. Pružajući bolje razumijevanje same naravi svijesti i svjesnosti, upućuju na oblik moralne i socijalne odgovornosti prema tim osobama ne ostavljajući mjesta za »beznađe«. Stoga je prvotni cilj ovoga rada prikazati kako se uz razvitak uvida u stanje osoba s poremećajem svijesti, na samom početku paralelno razvijala i predrasuda »beznađa« kao nuspojava nedovoljnog i neadekvatnog znanja o naravi svijesti kod osoba u vegetativnom stanju. Ova ustaljena predrasuda imala je direktan utjecaj na donošenje kliničkih odluka o mjerama održavanja na životu: od povlačenja nutricije i hidratacije – do pitanja kardio-pulmonarnog oživljavanja pa onda do odvajanja od respiratora, smatrajući da osoba nema nade za oporavak nakon uspostave dijagnoze vegetativnog stanja. Stoga, ova predrasuda »beznađa« ne samo da nije ostavila duboko utaban, moralno upitan put za izvođenje pasivne eutanazije, već je, štoviše, bila iskorištena i ispolitizirana kao jedan od glavnih argumenata i primjera pro-eutanazijskih pokreta u borbi za ozakonjenje same eutanazije.