bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The classification of the bladder cancer based on Vision Transformers (ViT)
Authors: Khedr Ola S. , Wahed Mohamed E. , Al-Attar Al-Sayed R. , Abdel-Rehim E. A.
Published: November 2023

Bladder cancer is a prevalent malignancy with diverse subtypes, including invasive and non-invasive tissue. Accurate classification of these subtypes is crucial for personalized treatment and prognosis. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study on the classification of bladder cancer into into three classes, two of them are the malignant set as non invasive type and invasive type and one set is the normal bladder mucosa to be used as stander measurement for computer deep learning. We utilized a dataset containing histopathological images of bladder tissue samples, split into a training set (70%), a validation set (15%), and a test set (15%). Four different deep-learning architectures were evaluated for their performance in classifying bladder cancer, EfficientNetB2, InceptionResNetV2, InceptionV3, and ResNet50V2. Additionally, we explored the potential of Vision Transformers with two different configurations, ViT_B32 and ViT_B16, for this classification task. Our experimental results revealed significant variations in the models’ accuracies for classifying bladder cancer. The highest accuracy was achieved using the InceptionResNetV2 model, with an impressive accuracy of 98.73%. Vision Transformers also showed promising results, with ViT_B32 achieving an accuracy of 99.49%, and ViT_B16 achieving an accuracy of 99.23%. EfficientNetB2 and ResNet50V2 also exhibited competitive performances, achieving accuracies of 95.43% and 93%, respectively. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that deep learning models, particularly Vision Transformers (ViT_B32 and ViT_B16), can effectively classify bladder cancer into its three classes with high accuracy. These findings have potential implications for aiding clinical decision-making and improving patient outcomes in the field of oncology.
Observations of amyloid breakdown by proteases over time using scanning acoustic microscopy
Authors: Miura Katsutoshi , Iwashita Toshihide
Published: November 2023

Amyloid consists of insoluble beta-fibrillar proteins with stable structures. The Congo red staining method for histologically detecting amyloid is unsuitable for quantitatively assessing amyloid fibers. Scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) detects the attenuation of sound (AOS) through sections. This study aimed to clarify whether AOS values reflected the amount of amyloid fibril degradation in tissues. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded unstained sections of various types of amyloidosis were digested with different endopeptidases. The AOS images after digestion were observed over time via SAM. The corresponding Congo red-stained images were followed to identify the amyloid. The amyloid and nonamyloid portions were statistically examined over time to determine the changes in the AOS values. Most of the amyloid areas showed significantly different AOS values from nonamyloid portions before digestion and significantly decreased after digestion; these findings corresponded with the disappearance and waning of the Congo red staining in the light microscopic images. Some nonamyloid areas with high AOS masked the reduction in AOS in the amyloid areas. The method used in this study may help detect the amyloid quantity and determine the appropriate treatment method for removing amyloid deposits from tissues.
Unfolded deep kernel estimation-attention UNet-based retinal image segmentation
Authors: Radha K. , Yepuganti Karuna , Saritha Saladi , Kamireddy Chinmayee , Bavirisetti Durga Prasad
Published: November 2023

Retinal vessel segmentation is a critical process in the automated inquiry of fundus images to screen and diagnose diabetic retinopathy. It is a widespread complication of diabetes that causes sudden vision loss. Automated retinal vessel segmentation can help to detect these changes more accurately and quickly than manual evaluation by an ophthalmologist. The proposed approach aims to precisely segregate blood vessels in retinal images while shortening the complication and computational value of the segmentation procedure. This can help to improve the accuracy and reliability of retinal image analysis and assist in diagnosing various eye diseases. Attention U-Net is an essential architecture in retinal image segmentation in diabetic retinopathy that obtained promising results in improving the segmentation accuracy especially in the situation where the training data and ground truth are limited. This approach involves U-Net with an attention mechanism to mainly focus on applicable regions of the input image along with the unfolded deep kernel estimation (UDKE) method to enhance the effective performance of semantic segmentation models. Extensive experiments were carried out on STARE, DRIVE, and CHASE_DB datasets, and the proposed method achieved good performance compared to existing methods.
Nanowire implosion under laser amplified spontaneous emission pedestal irradiation
Authors: Ong J. F. , Zubarev A. , Berceanu A. C. , Cuzminschi M. , Tesileanu O.
Published: November 2023

Nanowire array targets exhibit high optical absorption when interacting with short, intense laser pulses. This leads to an increased yield in the production of accelerated particles for a variety of applications. However, these interactions are sensitive to the laser prepulse and could be significantly affected. Here, we show that an array of aligned nanowires is imploded when irradiated by an Amplified Spontaneous Emission pedestal of a $$1\,\text{PW}$$

1

PW

laser with an intensity on the order of $$10^{11}\, \mathrm {W \, cm^{-2}}$$

10
11

W

cm

-
2

. Using radiation hydrodynamics simulations, we demonstrate that the electron density profile is radially compressed at the tip by the rocket-like propulsion of the ablated plasma. The mass density compression increases up to $$2.9\times$$

2.9
×

when a more dense nanowire array is used. This is due to the ablation pressure from the neighboring nanowires. These findings offer valuable information for selecting an appropriate target design for experiments aimed at enhancing production of accelerated particles.
High-throughput feedback-enabled optogenetic stimulation and spectroscopy in microwell plates
Authors: Benman William , Datta Saachi , Gonzalez-Martinez David , Lee Gloria , Hooper Juliette , Qian Grace , Leavitt Gabrielle , Salloum Lana , Ho Gabrielle , Mhatre Sharvari , Magaraci Michael S. , Patterson Michael , Mannickarottu Sevile G. , Malani Saurabh , Avalos Jose L. , Chow Brian Y. , Bugaj Lukasz J.
Published: November 2023

The ability to perform sophisticated, high-throughput optogenetic experiments has been greatly enhanced by recent open-source illumination devices that allow independent programming of light patterns in single wells of microwell plates. However, there is currently a lack of instrumentation to monitor such experiments in real time, necessitating repeated transfers of the samples to stand-alone analytical instruments, thus limiting the types of experiments that could be performed. Here we address this gap with the development of the optoPlateReader (oPR), an open-source, solid-state, compact device that allows automated optogenetic stimulation and spectroscopy in each well of a 96-well plate. The oPR integrates an optoPlate illumination module with a module called the optoReader, an array of 96 photodiodes and LEDs that allows 96 parallel light measurements. The oPR was optimized for stimulation with blue light and for measurements of optical density and fluorescence. After calibration of all device components, we used the oPR to measure growth and to induce and measure fluorescent protein expression in E. coli. We further demonstrated how the optical read/write capabilities of the oPR permit computer-in-the-loop feedback control, where the current state of the sample can be used to adjust the optical stimulation parameters of the sample according to pre-defined feedback algorithms. The oPR will thus help realize an untapped potential for optogenetic experiments by enabling automated reading, writing, and feedback in microwell plates through open-source hardware that is accessible, customizable, and inexpensive.
Integrating genomic and multiomic data for Angelica sinensis provides insights into the evolution and biosynthesis of pharmaceutically bioactive compounds
Authors: Li Shiming , Chiu Tsan-Yu , Jin Xin , Cao Dong , Xu Meng , Zhu Mingzhi , Zhou Qi , Liu Chun , Zong Yuan , Wang Shujie , Yu Kang , Zhang Feng , Bai Mingzhou , Liu Guangrui , Liang Yunlong , Zhang Chi , Simonsen Henrik Toft , Zhao Jian , Liu Baolong , Zhao Shancen
Published: November 2023

Angelica sinensisroots (Angelica roots) are rich in many bioactive compounds, including phthalides, coumarins, lignans, and terpenoids. However, the molecular bases for their biosynthesis are still poorly understood. Here, an improved chromosome-scale genome forA. sinensisvar. Qinggui1 is reported, with a size of 2.16 Gb, contig N50 of 4.96 Mb and scaffold N50 of 198.27 Mb, covering 99.8% of the estimated genome. Additionally, by integrating genome sequencing, metabolomic profiling, and transcriptome analysis of normally growing and early-flowering Angelica roots that exhibit dramatically different metabolite profiles, the pathways and critical metabolic genes for the biosynthesis of these major bioactive components in Angelica roots have been deciphered. Multiomic analyses have also revealed the evolution and regulation of key metabolic genes for the biosynthesis of pharmaceutically bioactive components; in particular,TPSsfor terpenoid volatiles,ACCsfor malonyl CoA,PKSsfor phthalide, andPTsfor coumarin biosynthesis were expanded in theA. sinensisgenome. These findings provide new insights into the biosynthesis of pharmaceutically important compounds in Angelica roots for exploration of synthetic biology and genetic improvement of herbal quality.
Abundant production of dimethylsulfoniopropionate as a cryoprotectant by freshwater phytoplanktonic dinoflagellates in ice-covered Lake Baikal
Authors: Toda Kei , Obolkin Vladimir , Ohira Shin-Ichi , Saeki Kentaro
Published: November 2023

Phytoplanktonic dinoflagellates form colonies between vertical ice crystals during the ice-melting season in Lake Baikal, but how the plankton survive the freezing conditions is not known. Here we show that the phytoplankton produces large amounts of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), which is best-known as a marine compound. Lake-water DMSP concentrations in the spring season are comparable with those in the oceans, and colony water in ice exhibits extremely high concentrations. DMSP concentration of surface water correlates with plankton density and reaches a maximum in mid-April, with temperature-dependent fluctuations. DMSP is released from plankton cells into water in warm days. DMSP is a characteristic osmolyte of marine algae; our results demonstrate that freshwater plankton,Gymnodinium baicalense, has DMSP-producing ability, and efficiently uses the limited sulfur resource (only 1/500 of sea sulfate) to survive in freshwater ice. Plankton in Lake Baikal do not need an osmolyte, and our results clearly indicate that DMSP plays a cryoprotective role. DMSP, although a characteristic marine compound, could also be an important zwitterion for algae of other boreal lakes, alpine snow, and glaciers.
Microwave-to-optical conversion in a room-temperature 87Rb vapor for frequency-division multiplexing control
Authors: Smith Benjamin D. , Babaei Bahar , Narayanan Andal , LeBlanc Lindsay J.
Published: November 2023

Coherent microwave-to-optical conversion is crucial for transferring quantum information generated in the microwave domain to optical frequencies, where propagation losses can be minimized. Coherent, atom-based transducers have shown rapid progress in recent years. This paper reports an experimental demonstration of coherent microwave-to-optical conversion that maps a microwave signal to a large, tunable 550(30) MHz range of optical frequencies using room-temperature 87Rb atoms. The inhomogeneous Doppler broadening of the atomic vapor advantageously supports the tunability of an input microwave channel to any optical frequency channel within the Doppler width, along with the simultaneous conversion of a multi-channel input microwave field to corresponding optical channels. In addition, we demonstrate phase-correlated amplitude control of select channels, providing an analog to a frequency domain beam splitter across five orders of magnitude in frequency. With these capabilities, neutral atomic systems may also be effective quantum processors for quantum information encoded in frequency-bin qubits.
Topological and high-performance nonreciprocal extraordinary optical transmission from a guided mode to free-space radiation
Authors: Xu Jie , Luo Yamei , Yong Kangle , Baskourelos Konstantinos , Tsakmakidis Kosmas L.
Published: November 2023

Extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) is a hallmark of surface plasmons and a precursor to nanoplasmonics and metamaterials. However, to the best of our knowledge, this effect has never been topologically protected in three dimensions, leaving it vulnerable to structural imperfections, nonlocal effects, and backreflections. We report broadband, three-dimensional unidirectional structures that allow for EOT (normalized transmission > 1) through deep-subdiffractional single holes, immune to these deleterious effects. These structures avoid unnecessary propagation losses and achieve maximum transmission through a single hole, limited only by unavoidable dissipative losses. In the limit of vanishing losses, the transmission through a deep-subdiffractional hole can approach unity, significantly surpassing existing devices, and rivaling the performance of negative-index ‘perfect’ lenses. The topological stability of these structures renders them robust against surface roughness, defects, and nonlocality, without the need for elaborate meta-structures or tapering.
Raising dikes and managed realignment may be insufficient for maintaining current flood risk along the German Baltic Sea coast
Authors: Kiesel Joshua , Honsel Lars E. , Lorenz Marvin , Gräwe Ulf , Vafeidis Athanasios T.
Published: November 2023

Without upgrading existing adaptation, Germany is projected to be among those European countries that will suffer severe flood damages in 2100. Here we use a validated modeling framework to explore the effectiveness of two hypothetical upgrades to existing dike lines in reducing flood extent and population exposure along the German Baltic Sea coast. We perform a number of model runs where we increase the heights of existing dikes by 1.5 m, implement managed realignment as a nature-based solution, where physically plausible, and run a 200-year surge under two sea-level rise scenarios (1 and 1.5 m). We show that managed realignment is more effective in reducing future population exposure to coastal flooding compared to increasing dike heights. However, the maximum reduction in population exposure compared to a do-nothing approach amounts to only 26%, suggesting that even managed realignment is insufficient to maintain flood risk at today´s levels. The greatest potential for protecting people and property from future flooding lies in developing adaptation strategies for currently unprotected coastal sections.
Construction of core–shell CoSe2/ZnIn2S4 heterostructures for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Xie Yuhan , Dong Boyu , Wang Xuemin , Wang Siyuan , Chen Jinxi , Lou Yongbing
Published: November 2023

Under visible light (λ ≥ 420 nm), CoSe2/ZnIn2S4 showed a hydrogen evolution rate of 2199 μmol g−1 h−1 which could be attributed to enhanced light-harvesting ability, increased solar energy utilization efficiency, and fast transfer of photogenerated electrons and holes.
Enabling synthesis in fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD): microscale high-throughput optimisation of the medicinal chemist's toolbox reactions
Authors: Townley Chloe , Branduardi Davide , Chessari Gianni , Cons Benjamin D. , Griffiths-Jones Charlotte , Hall Richard J. , Johnson Christopher N. , Ochi Yuji , Whibley Stuart , Grainger Rachel
Published: November 2023

Democratised high-throughput experimentation for FBDD.
Cobalt oxide confined in mesoporous SBA-15 as a highly efficient catalyst for enhanced degradation of sulfamethoxazole
Authors: Liu Tao , Jiang Tingting , Zhu Jinqi , Rui Tingwei , Zheng Shourong , Hu Zhixin
Published: November 2023

Confining cobalt oxides in porous material is an effective way to enhance their catalytic performance.
Visualization of peroxynitrite/GSH cross-talk in the oxidant–antioxidant balance by a dual-fluorophore and dual-site based mito-specific fluorescent probe
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhao Jinjin , Wang Yingzhe
Published: November 2023

By employing the dual-fluorophore and dual-site strategy, a two-photon mito-specific fluorescence probe was designed for detecting both ONOO− and GSH. It provides a method to sort out the relationships of various analytes in physiological processes.
Synthesis and biological activity of photostable and persistent abscisic acid analogs
Authors: Takeuchi Jun , Asakura Haruka , Ozasa Yuri , Koide Motoki , Ohnishi Toshiyuki , Todoroki Yasushi
Published: November 2023

The cyclohexenone ring and carboxy group of (+)-BP2A, a photostable abscisic acid analog, were modified to prevent catabolism by an ABA metabolic enzyme and to improve its biological activity.
Divergent synthesis of difluoromethylated indole-3-carbinols, bisindolylmethanes and indole-3-methanamines
Authors: Qu Yifei , Cai Xiaojia , Guan Yuzhuang , Tan Jiamin , Cai Zhangping , Liu Minyun , Huang Yasi , Hu Jinhui , Chen Wen-Hua , Wu Jia-Qiang
Published: November 2023

A facile and straightforward method for the successful synthesis of difluoromethylated indole-3-carbinols, bisindolylmethanes and indole-3-methanamines by a Friedel–Crafts reaction is developed.
A chloride-responsive molecular switch: driving ion transport and empowering antibacterial properties
Authors: Das Sribash , Karn Rama , Kumar Mohit , Srimayee Soumya , Manna Debasis
Published: November 2023

An anion-induced molecular switch with fluorescence turn ON/OFF signal is of great interest because of its dynamic and adaptable anion recognition and transport properties.
Recent advances in transition metal phosphide-based heterostructure electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wu Wangzhi , Luo Shuiping , Huang Yujin , He Huibing , Shen Pei Kang , Zhu Jinliang
Published: November 2023

This paper reviews the recent advances in transition metal phosphide-based heterostructure electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction.
Visible light-induced manganese-catalyzed aminocarbonylation of alkyl iodides under atmospheric pressure at room temperature
Authors: Zhao Yan-Hua , Gu Xing-Wei , Wu Xiao-Feng
Published: November 2023

Various amides were produced via visible-light-induced Mn-catalyzed carbonylation of alkyl iodides with anilines under ambient temperature and pressure in the absence of a ligand.
Multiple underlying images tuned by Mn-doped Zn–Cu–In–S quantum dots
Authors: Zhao Suo , Wang Qiao , Liu Jin , Hao Xianglong , Liu Xiao , Shen Wenfei , Du Zhonglin , Wang Yao , Artemyev Mikhail , Tang Jianguo
Published: November 2023

In this study, ZnS capped Cu–In–S (ZCIS) quantum dots doped with Mn ions are synthesized by a thermal injection method, with luminescence covering almost the entire visible area.
Exploring the source of ammonia generation in electrochemical nitrogen reduction using niobium nitride
Authors: Park So Young , Jang So Eun , Kim Chang Woo , Jang Youn Jeong , Youn Duck Hyun
Published: November 2023

A NbN catalyst is prepared by the urea-glass route for NRR, with the produced NH3 originating from the leaching of NbN, rather than from an electrochemical reaction.
New light on the imbroglio surrounding the C8H+6 isomers formed from ionized azulene and naphthalene using ion–molecule reactions
Authors: Rossi Corentin , Muller Giel , Thissen Roland , Romanzin Claire , Alcaraz Christian , Gondarry Sandesh , Mayer Paul M. , Jacovella Ugo
Published: November 2023

New information regarding the structures of C8H6+ isomers formed from ionized naphthalene and azulene, using ion–molecule reactions supported by theoretical work, is provided.
Solar-driven simultaneous production of hypochlorous acid and hydrogen from saline water over RhCrOx-loaded SrTiO3 photocatalyst systems
Authors: Okunaka Sayuri , Nakamura Toshio , Ikeda Takeshi , Tsuruda Kohei , Tokudome Hiromasa
Published: November 2023

Photocatalytic simultaneous production of HClO and H2 in saline water under simulated solar light was successfully achieved on SrTiO3:Al photocatalyst systems.
Two-dimensional metal–organic nanosheets composed of single-molecule magnets: structural modulation and enhanced magnetism utilizing the steric hindrance effect
Authors: Aratani Ikumi , Horii Yoji , Kotani Yoshinori , Osawa Hitoshi , Tanida Hajime , Ina Toshiaki , Watanabe Takeshi , Yano Yohko F. , Mizoguchi Akane , Takajo Daisuke , Kajiwara Takashi
Published: November 2023

Tuning the bulkiness of the single-molecule magnet (SMM) alters the structures of SMM-nanosheets, which results in enhanced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and SMM properties.
FUBA: A fuzzy‐based unmanned aerial vehicle behaviour analytics for trust management in flying ad‐hoc networks
Authors: Benfriha Sihem , Labraoui Nabila , Bensaid Radjaa , Bany Salameh Haythem , Saidi Hafida
Published: November 2023

Flying Ad‐Hoc Network (FANET) is a promising ad hoc networking paradigm that can offer new added value services in military and civilian applications. Typically, it incorporates a group of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), known as drones that collaborate and cooperate to accomplish several missions without human intervention. However, UAV communications are prone to various attacks and detecting malicious nodes is essential for efficient FANET operation. Trust management is an effective method that plays a significant role in the prediction and recognition of intrusions in FANETs. Specifically, evaluating node behaviour remains an important issue in this domain. For this purpose, the authors suggest using fuzzy logic, one of the most commonly used methods for trust computation, which classifies nodes based on multiple criteria to handle complex environments. In addition, the Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) is an important parameter that can be used in fuzzy logic to evaluate a drone's behaviour. However, in outdoor flying networks, the RSSI can be seriously influenced by the humidity of the air, which can dramatically impact the accuracy of the trust results. FUBA, a fuzzy‐based UAV behaviour analytics is presented for trust management in FANETs. By considering humidity as a new parameter, FUBA can identify insider threats and increase the overall network's trustworthiness under bad weather conditions. It is capable of performing well in outdoor flying networks. The simulation results indicate that the proposed model significantly outperforms FNDN and UNION in terms of the average end‐to‐end delay and the false positive ratio.
Detection of the relativistic Shapiro delay in a highly inclined millisecond pulsar binary PSR J1012−4235
Authors: Gautam T. , Freire P. C. C. , Wu J. , Venkatraman Krishnan V. , Kramer M. , Barr E. D. , Bailes M. , Cameron A. D.
Published: November 2023

PSR J1012−4235 is a 3.1 ms pulsar in a wide binary (37.9 days) with a white dwarf companion. We detect, for the first time, a strong relativistic Shapiro delay signature in PSR J1012−4235. Our detection is the result of a timing analysis of data spanning 13 yr and collected with the Green Bank, Parkes, and MeerKAT Radio Telescopes and theFermiγ-ray space telescope. We measured the orthometric parameters for Shapiro delay and obtained a 22σdetection of theh3parameter of 1.222(54) μs and a 200σdetection of ς of 0.9646(49). With the assumption of general relativity, these measurements constrain the pulsar mass (Mp = 1.44−0.12+0.13 M⊙), the mass of the white dwarf companion (Mc = 0.270−0.015+0.016M⊙), and the orbital inclination (i = 88.06−0.25+0.28 deg). Including the earlyγ-ray data in our timing analysis facilitated a precise measurement of the proper motion of the system of 6.58(5) mas yr−1. We also show that the system has unusually small kinematic corrections to the measurement of the orbital period derivative, and therefore has the potential to yield stringent constraints on the variation of the gravitational constant in the future.
New hypothesis of the tribal placement puzzle of Enigmadiplosis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), with description of a new pest species on Rhododendron (Ericaceae) in Japan
Authors: Elsayed Ayman Khamis , Kobayashi Yasuko , Gagné Raymond J. , Tokuda Makoto
Published: November 2023

The monotypic genus Enigmadiplosis Harris (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) was placed in the tribe Clinodiplosini based on adult morphology, but the genus is somewhat puzzling because larvae are typical for the tribe Cecidomyiini. In this study, we describe Enigmadiplosis harrisi sp. nov., a pest species that damages young leaves of the ornamental shrub Rhododendron pulchrum in Mie Prefecture, Honshu, Japan. We also conducted a molecular phylogenetic analysis to confirm the tribal placement. The result clearly indicates that Enigmadiplosis belongs to Cecidomyiini and we therefore assign the genus to that tribe. In addition, we redescribe Clinodiplosis rhododendri (Felt) that forms leaf-roll galls on Rhododendron spp. in eastern North America to allay future questions as to the identity and show that this is unrelated to the new Japanese species. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D2B4A731-271F-4A11-90BB-258725FB9F45
Exploring the motivations of student volunteer translators in Chinese queer activism
Authors: Li Yizhu , Tao Youlan
Published: November 2023

Amateur translators have, on a collaborative and voluntary basis, played a notable role in queer activism, but queer translation studies has paid insufficient attention to them, especially in regions other than the Global North. Through the lens of volunteer motivation studies, this study adopts systemic quality of life theory of volunteer motivation and Q methodology to investigate the motivations of Chinese university students to voluntarily engage in a queer translation project. By probing into the translators’ lived experience and subjectivity, it uncovers various contextually mediated motivations, such as the adaptive pursuit for mental compatibility with the environment, exclusive social integration into a valued community, weakened activism for social change, and conservation of cultural belief stability. It also reveals some obstacles and dilemmas faced by the translators in Chinese queer activism.
Ultrafast Fiber Laser Based on Tungsten Sulphoselenide Materials
Authors: Meng Xiao-Chuan , Li Lu , Sun Nai-Zhang , Xue Ze , Liu Qi , Ye Han , Liu Wen-Jun
Published: November 2023

Tungsten sulphoselenide (WSSe) alloys, belonging to the transition metal dichalcogenide family, have attracted significant interest in the area of optoelectronics because of their unique optical and electronic properties. However, there has been a dearth of sufficient research on the saturable absorption features and ultrafast lasers applications. Herein, we fabricated a WSSe-microfiber saturable absorber (SA) based on WSSe nanosheets prepared by liquid exfoliation technique. The SA provided a saturation intensity of a modulation depth of 27.95% and a nonsaturable loss of 21.34%. To investigate the potential applications of WSSe in ultrafast photonics, the prepared WSSe-microfiber was incorporated into an Er-doped fiber laser ring cavity. The results demonstrated that the WSSe-based SA successfully generated mode-locking laser pulses with a remarkably short pulse width of 231 fs. Furthermore, the output power of this ultrafast fiber laser reached an impressive value of 15.68 mW. These findings provide valuable views into the unique features of WSSe alloys in the areas of ultrafast optics and develop recipes for SA in ultrafast fiber lasers.
Junction conditions in a general field theory
Authors: Racskó Bence
Published: November 2023

It is well-known in the modified gravity scene that the calculation of junction conditions in certain complicated theories leads to ambiguities and conflicts between the various formulations. This paper introduces a general framework to compute junction conditions in any reasonable classical field theory and analyzes their properties. We prove that in any variational field theory, it is possible to define unambiguous and mathematically well-defined junction conditions either by interpreting the Euler–Lagrange differential equation as a distribution or as the extremals of a variational functional and these two coincide. We provide an example calculation which highlights why ambiguities in the existing formalisms have arisen, essentially due to incorrect usage of distributions. Relations between junction conditions, the boundary value problem of variational principles and Gibbons–Hawking–York-like surface terms are examined. The methods presented herein relies on the use of coordinates adapted to represent the junction surface as a leaf in a foliation and a technique for reducing the order of Lagrangians to the lowest possible in the foliation parameter. We expect that the reduction theorem can generate independent interest from the rest of the topics considered in the paper.
Stability, quasinormal modes in a charged black hole in perfect fluid dark matter
Authors: Das Anish , Chowdhury Anirban Roy , Gangopadhyay Sunandan
Published: November 2023

In this work, we study time-like and null geodesics in a charged black hole background immersed in perfect fluid dark matter (PFDM). Using the condition for circular geodesics, we evaluate the energy and angular momentum in terms of the radius (r
0) of the timelike circular orbits. The existence and finiteness of energy and angular momentum constrain the possible range of PFDM parameter (χ) and r
0. In case of null geodesics, we calculate the radius rp
of the unstable circular photon orbits. We then use the Lyapunov exponent to study the stability of the geodesics. Then we analyze the critical exponent useful for determining the possibility of detection of gravitational wave signals. After that, we study the perturbation due to a massless scalar field in such a background and calculate the quasinormal mode (QNM) frequencies and their dependence on χ and black hole charge Q. Also, we compare the obtained QNM frequencies both in the exact case and in the eikonal limit. We also calculate the quality factor of the oscillating system and study its dependence on χ and Q. Finally, we evaluate the black hole shadow radius Rs
and graphically observe the effect of χ and Q on it.
The origins of physics words
Authors: Binder P-M
Published: November 2023

The predominantly Greek and Latin etymological roots that form the core introductory physics vocabulary are identified. They number slightly over 260. Words with other origins and common suffixes are also listed. Definitions are also given for a group of words that have caused difficulties for students in physics classes, contrasting meanings that are, and are not related to physics. A reverse dictionary of roots, showing the individual origin of about 400 words in all areas of introductory physics is presented in an appendix. The information presented here can inform and assist in developing a physics lexicon in minority and indigenous languages and to create classroom moments that connect the origin of words with everyday life.
Physics language and language use in physics—What do we know and how AI might enhance language-related research and instruction
Authors: Wulff Peter
Published: November 2023

Language is an important resource for physicists and learners of physics to construe physical phenomena and processes, and communicate ideas. Moreover, any physics-related instructional setting is inherently language-bound, and physics literacy is fundamentally related to comprehending and producing both physics-specific and general language. Consequently, characterizing physics language and understanding language use in physics are important goals for research on physics learning and instructional design. Qualitative physics education research offers a variety of insights into the characteristics of language and language use in physics such as the differences between everyday language and scientific language, or metaphors used to convey concepts. However, qualitative language analysis fails to capture distributional (i.e. quantitative) aspects of language use and is resource-intensive to apply in practice. Integrating quantitative and qualitative language analysis in physics education research might be enhanced by recently advanced artificial intelligence-based technologies such as large language models, as these models were found to be capable to systematically process and analyse language data. Large language models offer new potentials in some language-related tasks in physics education research and instruction, yet they are constrained in various ways. In this scoping review, we seek to demonstrate the multifaceted nature of language and language use in physics and answer the question what potentials and limitations artificial intelligence-based methods such as large language models can have in physics education research and instruction on language and language use.
A lightweight GAN-based fault diagnosis method based on knowledge distillation and deep transfer learning
Authors: Zhong Hongyu , Yu Samson , Trinh Hieu , Yuan Rui , Lv Yong , Wang Yanan
Published: November 2023

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have shown promise in the field of small sample fault diagnosis. However, it is worth noting that generating synthetic data using GANs is time-consuming, and synthetic data cannot fully replace real data. To expedite the GAN-based fault diagnostics process, this paper proposes a hybrid lightweight method for compressing GAN parameters. First, three modules are constructed: a teacher generator, a teacher discriminator, and a student generator, based on the knowledge distillation GAN (KD-GAN) approach. The distillation operation is applied to both teacher generator and student generator, while adversarial training is conducted for the teacher generator and the teacher discriminator. Furthermore, a joint loss function is proposed to update the parameters of the student generator by combining distillation loss and adversarial loss. Additionally, the proposed KD-GAN method is combined with deep transfer learning (DTL) and leverages real data to enhance the diagnostic model’s performance. Two numerical experiments are performed to demonstrate that the proposed KD-GAN-DTL method outperforms other GAN-based fault diagnosis methods in terms of computational time and diagnostic accuracy.
Application of pressure-sensitive paint for explosive blast measurements
Authors: Quinn Mark K , Nunn Elliott , Adams John , Tanner Mike , Goulding Steve , Cardy Alex , Garrard Michael , Stokes Neil , Roberts David A , Jewson Terry
Published: November 2023

This study demonstrates the application of fast response pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) to explosively driven blast wave testing. A sprayable polymer ceramic fast response PSP was applied to an aluminium disc before being coated with platinum porphyrin compound as the active luminophore. The disc was then exposed to a blast wave and the response was measured using a high-speed video camera. The PSP measured the transit of the incident shock wave clearly, albeit with a slight response delay following the instantaneous change in pressure. A time domain-based method for improving temporal response, whilst considering both spatial and temporal effects, is described. This study clearly demonstrates that the spatial distribution of a blast wave on a surface may be captured by PSP technology. Integrated parameters such as impulse can correctly be characterised using this method. This technology offers an enhanced and more efficient way of characterising blast.
3D finite element simulation of scratch testing to quantify experimental failure mechanisms of a thin film
Authors: Pérez-Higareda José R , Jirón-Lazos Uriel , Montiel-González Zeuz , Mazón-Montijo Dalia A , Garay-Tapia Andrés M , Torres-Torres David
Published: November 2023

In this work, an exhaustive finite element (FE) simulation was developed to closely reproduce experimental parameters such as normal force, tangential force, and penetration depth along the whole scratch test. We used an 800 nm thick Ti–Al–N thin film deposited by sputtering as the reference sample to carry out scratch tests identifying the appearance of failure mechanisms at different longitudinal displacements and critical loads. The hardening models of thin film and substrate allowed us to quantify the maximum principal stresses responsible for thin film spallation, about 14.5 GPa for the tensile mode and −1.49 GPa for the compression mode. These parameters provided an improved perspective to characterize the failure mechanisms on the sample during the scratching. The present enhanced 3D FE simulation can be a crucial tool for designing film-substrate systems with more precise mechanical strength calculations.
Self-powered TENG probe for scanning surface charge distribution
Authors: Bugti Shazia , Kasi Ajab Khan , Ullah Sami , Kasi Jafar Khan
Published: November 2023

Triboelectric nanogenerators are remarkable devices that show great potential in harvesting energy from mechanical work and are generally used for sensing purposes. Here we report a novel method for the fabrication of ZnO microspheres and the formation of TENG based on ZnO/PDMS composite. The zinc oxide microspheres with needle decorated structure via thermal oxidation of metallic zinc was grown at 500 °C. The TENG was then fabricated using ZnO/PDMS composite with Au sputtered electrode. While PDMS is a good triboelectric material, its output power density is low. Embedding ZnO micro/nanostructures in PDMS increases the output power of PDMS-based TENG manifolds. ZnO with a high dielectric constant exhibits semiconductor properties as well as piezoelectric properties. This combines with the triboelectric properties of PDMS and gives a significant boost to the TENG performance. This composite structure is used for the fabrication of high output power density TENG using contact separation mode, where the power density of 27Wm−2 was achieved. Consequently, a novel device application to detect surface charge density through the fabricated TENG is reported and the subsequent reconstruction of surface charge topology based on the detected surface charge density on large surfaces is presented. This technique may be used for the study of surface charge morphology, electrostatics, triboelectric constants, and various other material properties for characterization and application purposes.
Characterization of a radiofrequency linear plasma device in uniform and convergent magnetic fields
Authors: Takahashi Kazunori , Teranishi Yume
Published: November 2023

A linear radiofrequency plasma device is constructed, where a source operating at a frequency of 13.56 MHz and a maximum power of several kW is attached to a cylindrical vacuum chamber about 1 m in length. Seven solenoids are located around the source and the chamber, providing various magnetic field configurations by changing the solenoid currents. The plasma density of the radiofrequency linear plasma device is initially characterized in uniform and convergent magnetic field configurations. A blue mode argon plasma, being inherent to the helicon or high-density discharge, is observed in the chamber downstream of the source for both configurations, while the density near the antenna is lower than that in the chamber. Furthermore, the density for the convergent magnetic field configuration is found to be larger than that for the uniform case, providing a maximum density of about

2
×

10

19

 

m

−
3

. Spatiotemporal measurements of the ion saturation current reveal that the density peak is formed near the rf antenna at the initial time of the discharge and the peripheral high-density region subsequently appears downstream of the antenna, implying that the rf power is efficiently coupled with the electrons downstream of the antenna once the initial plasma is created. A few ms after turning on the rf power, the density over the whole region reduces, which seems to be due to a neutral depletion.
How to build an optical filter with an atomic vapor cell
Authors: Uhland Denis , Dillmann Helena , Wang Yijun , Gerhardt Ilja
Published: November 2023

The nature of atomic vapors, their natural alignment with interatomic transitions, and their ease of use make them highly suited for spectrally narrow-banded optical filters. Atomic filters come in two flavors: a filter based on the absorption of light by the Doppler broadened atomic vapor, i.e. a notch filter, and a bandpass filter based on the transmission of resonant light caused by the Faraday effect. The notch filter uses the absorption of resonant photons to filter out a small spectral band around the atomic transition. The off-resonant part of the spectrum is fully transmitted. Atomic vapors based on the Faraday effect allow for suppression of the detuned spectral fraction. Transmission of light originates from the magnetically induced rotation of linear polarized light close to an atomic resonance. This filter constellation allows selective acceptance of specific light frequencies. In this manuscript, we discuss these two types of filters and elucidate the specialties of atomic line filters. We also present a practical guide on building such filter setups from scratch and discuss an approach to achieve an almost perfect atomic spectrum backed by theoretical calculations.
Fermi-normal coordinates for the Newtonian approximation of gravity
Authors: Gutiérrez-Piñeres Antonio C
Published: November 2023

In this work, we compute the metric corresponding to a static and spherically symmetric mass distribution in the general relativistic weak field approximation to quadratic order in Fermi-normal coordinates surrounding a radial geodesic. To construct a geodesic and a convenient tetrad transported along it, we first introduce a general metric, use the Cartan formalism of differential forms, and then specialize the space-time by considering the nearly Newtonian metric. This procedure simplifies the calculations significantly, and the expression for the radial geodesic admits a simple form. We conclude that in quadratic order, the effects of a Schwarzschild gravitational field measured locally by a freely falling observer equals the measured by an observer in similar conditions in the presence of a Newtonian approximation of gravitation.
Hardy-Bell inequalities and fault-tolerant Hardy paradoxes
Authors: Han Kanyuan , Zhu Wenqian , Guo Zhihua , Cao Huaixin
Published: November 2023

Usually, the verification of Bell nonlocality involves two main approaches: violation of specific inequalities and utilization of no-inequality methods. In this paper, we continue to develop the inequality methods by deducing the so-called ‘Hardy-Bell inequalities (HBIs)’ and ‘fault-tolerant Hardy paradoxes (FTHPs)’ for correlation tensors (CTs) with two inputs and general outcomes. We prove that the HBIs are necessary conditions for a CT to be Bell local and one of the FTHPs is sufficient condition for a CT to be Bell nonlocal. We demonstrate the effectiveness of HBIs in determining the nonlocality of CTs or quantum states when the classical Hardy paradox does not appear or a Bell inequality is not violated. Consequently, our methods can be utilized to explore more correlations having Bell nonlocality. Based on the obtained results, we find a neighborhood of a Hardy nonlocal state, in which all states are all Bell nonlocal.
Effect of Nd:YAG pulsed laser on the antibacterial activity and physical properties of newly synthesized composites, CdO/Co3O4 and Ag/CdO/Co3O4
Authors: El Agammy E F , Hasaneen M F , Essawy Amr A , Moustafa Shaima M N , Khalil G E , Nassar A M
Published: November 2023

Two compounds were prepared: cadmium oxide/cobalt oxide (referred to as oxide A) and silver decorated cadmium oxide/cobalt oxide (referred to as oxide B). Yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) lasers, doped with neodymium, were used to irradiate the samples at 532 nm and 1064 nm. The effect of the Nd:YAG laser on the morphological, optical, structural, and antibacterial properties was investigated. The XRD data shows that both oxides are polycrystalline, and the laser irradiation increases the crystal size. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy results (SEM) show that particle size increases with laser irradiation and laser wavelength. While both oxides expand under the influence of a laser, oxide A has a larger optical band gap than oxide B. The intensity of PL increases with the pulsed laser effect and the addition of Ag. The antibacterial test shows that silver is quite effective in eliminating germs and other harmful microbes for human health. Moreover, the results show that, after adjusting the other laser parameters, the wavelength of 1064 nm performed better compared to the wavelength of 532 nm in pure water.
Lead integrated two-dimensional (MXene/PbCrO4) nanocomposite designed for energy storage and photocatalytic degradation applications
Authors: Akram Mariam , Rani Malika , Batool Kiran , Habila Mohamed A , Sillanpää Mika , Shah Aqeel Ahmad , Shafique Rubia
Published: November 2023

Supercapacitors (SCs), among other electrochemical device applications, require materials with maximal energy storage capacity, and the stacked two-dimensional titanium carbide MXene (Ti3C2) sparked the development of these materials. This paper embellished to present smoothed MXene/PbCrO4 nanocomposite via co-precipitation method along with modified sol–gel achieved lead chromate (PbCrO4) nano-crystalline for energy storage and photocatalytic applications using ethylene glycol as connecting agent to restrict nano-particle growth. It is evident from photoluminescence spectra that peak intensity has decreased, whilst Raman spectra show the presence of MXene and lead peaks in the nanocomposite, whereas FTIR has revealed the presence of functional groups in synthesized material. According to calculations made using EIS spectra, the charge transfer resistance is 1.4 Ω, with the electron shift rate constant Kapp value 6.98 10−9 cm s−1. Additionally, the electrochemical performance of the designed material in supercapacitors at 0.3Ag−1 of current density indicates elevated capacitance of 5408 Fg−1 with scan rate of 10 mV s−1 using 1MKOH aqueous electrolyte, resulting in power and energy densities of 2991.8 W kg−1 and 110.1 Wh K−1 g−1, respectively. UV–vis spectra shows the nanocomposite has a 1.86 eV band gap that, in the presence of direct sunlight, might cause the destruction of MB dye at a rate of 92.79%. These findings suggested that the newly created MXene/PbCrO4 nanocomposite demonstrates evidence of substantial features as compared to single materials has potential as an electrode material for supercapacitors as well as best photocatalyst for the degradation of organic pollutants regarding water purification.
Regularization scheme dependence of the counterterms in the galaxy bias expansion
Authors: Patrone Samuel , Testa Adriano , Wise Mark B.
Published: November 2023

In this paper we explore how different regularization prescriptions affect the counterterms in the renormalization of the galaxy bias expansion. We work in the context of primordial local non-Gaussianity including non-linear gravitational evolution. We carry out the one-loop renormalization of the field δρ

2 (i.e. the square of the matter overdensity field) up to third order in gravitational evolution. Three regularization schemes are considered and their impact on the values of the counterterms is studied. We explicitly verify that the coefficients of the non-boost invariant operators are regularization scheme independent.