bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amyloid Beta Oligomers Activate Death Receptors and Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptotic Pathways in Cerebral Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells; Protective Effects of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Authors: Anzovino Amy , Canepa Elisa , Alves Micaelly , Lemon Nicole L. , Carare Roxana O. , Fossati Silvia
Published: December 2023

Amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition within the brain vasculature is an early hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which triggers loss of brain vascular smooth muscle cells (BVSMCs) in cerebral arteries, via poorly understood mechanisms, altering cerebral blood flow, brain waste clearance, and promoting cognitive impairment. We have previously shown that, in brain endothelial cells (ECs), vasculotropic Aβ species induce apoptosis through death receptors (DRs) DR4 and DR5 and mitochondria-mediated mechanisms, while FDA-approved carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) prevent mitochondria-mediated EC apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we analyzed Aβ-induced extrinsic and intrinsic (DR- and mitochondria-mediated) apoptotic pathways in BVSMC, aiming to unveil new therapeutic targets to prevent BVSMC stress and death. We show that both apoptotic pathways are activated in BVSMCs by oligomeric Aβ42 and Aβ40-Q22 (AβQ22) and mitochondrial respiration is severely impaired. Importantly, the CAIs methazolamide (MTZ) and acetazolamide (ATZ) prevent the pro-apoptotic effects in BVSMCs, while reducing caspase 3 activation and Aβ deposition in the arterial walls of TgSwDI animals, a murine model of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). This study reveals new molecular targets and a promising therapeutic strategy against BVSMC dysfunction in AD, CAA, and ARIA (amyloid-related imaging abnormalities) complications of recently FDA-approved anti-Aβ antibodies.
Signaling Pathways Involved in Manganese-Induced Neurotoxicity
Authors: Cheng Hong , Villahoz Beatriz Ferrer , Ponzio Romina Deza , Aschner Michael , Chen Pan
Published: December 2023

Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element, but insufficient or excessive bodily amounts can induce neurotoxicity. Mn can directly increase neuronal insulin and activate insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptors. As an important cofactor, Mn regulates signaling pathways involved in various enzymes. The IGF signaling pathway plays a protective role in the neurotoxicity of Mn, reducing apoptosis in neurons and motor deficits by regulating its downstream protein kinase B (Akt), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In recent years, some new mechanisms related to neuroinflammation have been shown to also play an important role in Mn-induced neurotoxicity. For example, DNA-sensing receptor cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cCAS) and its downstream signal efficient interferon gene stimulator (STING), NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3)-pro-caspase1, cleaves to the active form capase1 (CASP1), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), sirtuin (SIRT), and Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducers and activators of the transcription (STAT) signaling pathway. Moreover, autophagy, as an important downstream protein degradation pathway, determines the fate of neurons and is regulated by these upstream signals. Interestingly, the role of autophagy in Mn-induced neurotoxicity is bidirectional. This review summarizes the molecular signaling pathways of Mn-induced neurotoxicity, providing insight for further understanding of the mechanisms of Mn.
Trans-Regulation of Alternative PD-L1 mRNA Processing by CDK12 in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Larsen Trine V. , Maansson Christoffer T. , Daugaard Tina F. , Andresen Brage S. , Sorensen Boe S. , Nielsen Anders L.
Published: December 2023

Immunotherapy using checkpoint inhibitors targeting the interaction between PD-1 on T cells and PD-L1 on cancer cells has shown significant results in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Not all patients respond to the therapy, and PD-L1 expression heterogeneity is proposed to be one determinant for this. The alternative processing of PD-L1 RNA, which depends on an alternative poly-A site in intron 4, generates a shorter mRNA variant (PD-L1v4) encoding soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1), relative to the canonical PD-L1v1 mRNA encoding membrane-associated PD-L1 (mPD-L1). This study aimed to identify factors influencing the ratio between these two PD-L1 mRNAs in NSCLC cells. First, we verified the existence of the alternative PD-L1 RNA processing in NSCLC cells, and from in silico analyses, we identified a candidate list of regulatory factors. Examining selected candidates showed that CRISPR/Cas9-generated loss-of-function mutations in CDK12 increased the PD-L1v4/PD-L1v1 mRNA ratio and, accordingly, the sPD-L1/mPD-L1 balance. The CDK12/13 inhibitor THZ531 could also increase the PD-L1v4/PD-L1v1 mRNA ratio and impact the PD-L1 transcriptional response to IFN-γ stimulation. The fact that CDK12 regulates PD-L1 transcript variant formation in NSCLC cells is consistent with CDK12’s role in promoting transcriptional elongation over intron-located poly-A sites. This study lays the groundwork for clinical investigations to delineate the implications of the CDK12-mediated balancing of sPD-L1 relative to mPD-L1 for immunotherapeutic responses in NSCLC.
Modeling the Risk Factors of Undernutrition among Children below Five Years of Age in Uganda Using Generalized Structural Equation Models
Authors: Maniragaba Vallence Ngabo , Atuhaire Leonard K. , Rutayisire Pierre Claver
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The prevalence of undernutrition among children below five years of age, in Uganda and the world over, remains very high. About 45% of all global deaths among children below five years of age are attributed to undernutrition. A number of studies using different statistical approaches affirm this effect, yet some factors indicate the influence of other factors within the system. This study, therefore, uses a method that demonstrates how different variables feed into each other. Aim: The aim of this study was to establish the major factors associated with an increased likelihood of undernutrition and the paths showing how these risk factors influence undernutrition. Methods: Data from the Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS, 2016) were used for this study. A sample of 4530 children, whose age, height, and weight measurements were recorded, was considered for this study. Additionally, the study used generalized structural equation models to identify the multifaceted natures and paths of the risk factors that influence undernutrition among children below five years of age. The study relied on the UNICEF 2020 conceptual framework to identify and analyze the direct and indirect effects of these risk factors of undernutrition. Results: From the perspective of a male child, having a perceived small size at birth, a low birth weight, being breastfed for less than 6 months, having no formal education from mothers, limited income-generating opportunities, a low wealth status, and notable episodes of diarrhea were among the key factors associated with an increased likelihood of undernutrition. The identified paths were as follows: (i) Having no education, as this was associated with limited working opportunities and a low income, which increases the likelihood of low household wealth status, hence increasing the chances of undernutrition. (ii) Exposure to a rural setting was associated with an increased likelihood of undernutrition through association with poor and or low employment levels within the rural areas. (iii) A shorter duration of breastfeeding was associated with children in urban areas, resulting in an increased likelihood of undernutrition. (iv) Children aged between 6 and 47 months had a higher likelihood of undernutrition. Conclusions: An approach that addresses and recognizes all these factors at different levels, along the established paths, should be implemented to effectively reduce undernutrition among children below five years of age.
ZnS:Cu/PDMS Composite Coating for Combating Marine Biofouling
Authors: Liu Zhenze , Zhang Yicong , Wang Tianyi , Du Wenbo , Jin Huichao
Published: December 2023

Biofouling is a major concern in marine industries. The use of traditional toxic antifouling coatings is forbidden or severely restricted. This study aimed to provide a green and effective antifouling coating. The coating was prepared using a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix and Cu-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Cu). Four samples with different ZnS:Cu contents (1, 10, 20, and 50 wt%) were prepared. Pristine PDMS (0 wt%) was used as the control. The results showed that all coatings had hydrophobic surfaces conducive to combating biofouling. In tests against B. Subtilis, the 1, 10, 20, and 50 wt% samples showed enhanced antifouling capabilities compared to the 0 wt% sample. In static and dynamic tests against Chlorella, the antifouling capability increased with increasing ZnS:Cu content and the 50 wt% sample showed the best antifouling capability. The possible antifouling mechanisms of these coatings include the release of ions (Zn2+ and Cu+), induction of deformation, and fluorescence emission. This study provides a reference for the application of Zn2+/Cu+ combinations to combat marine biofouling.
The Effect of Precipitates on the Stress Rupture Properties of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Inconel 718 Alloy
Authors: Du Jinhong , Cheng Wenhao , Sun Yiming , Ma Rui , Liu Hongbing , Song Xiaoguo , Yang Jin , Tan Caiwang
Published: December 2023

Improving the high-temperature stress rupture properties of Inconel 718 (IN718) alloys is crucial for enhancing aircraft engine performance. By using the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technique, IN718 alloys were crafted at varying volumetric energy densities (VED) in this study. The dendrite growth mode, reinforcing phase distribution and high temperature stress rupture properties of various VED samples were investigated. The results showed that the stress rupture life and the uniform elongation of the samples both first increased and then decreased with the increase in VED. When the VED was 60 J/mm3, the maximum rupture life and elongation of the sample were 43 h and 3.8%, respectively. As the VED increased, the angle of dislocation in the dendrite decreased while the spacing between primary dendrite arms increased, resulting in an increase in the size and volume fraction of the Laves phase. Following a heat treatment, the δ phase would nucleate preferentially around the dissolved Laves phase causing an increase in the volume fraction of the δ phase with the increase in VED. The creep voids readily formed around the δ phase are distributed along the grain boundaries, while the inhomogeneous δ phase and fine grains facilitated crack initiation and propagation. Furthermore, a significant quantity of the δ phase consumed the Nb element, thereby hindering adequate precipitation in the γ″ phase and causing cracks.
Effect of Minor Mo Addition on Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of High-Velocity Air Fuel-Sprayed Fe-Based Amorphous Coatings
Authors: Song Peisong , Jing Zhiyuan , Zhang Zhibin , Zhang Binbin , Ge Yunyun , Xue Lin , Liang Xiubing , Cheng Jiangbo
Published: December 2023

In this work, Fe64Nb3B17Si6Cr6Ni4 and Fe60Nb3B17Si6Cr6Ni4Mo4 (at. %) coatings were prepared with a high-velocity air fuel spraying method, and the effects of minor Mo addition on the microstructure, glass formation, and corrosion resistance of the coating were studied. It was found that the Mo addition improves the glass-forming ability of the alloy and a fully amorphous structure with a higher compactness was obtained in the Mo-containing coating. The thermal stability of the coating is enhanced by Mo addition and the onset crystallization temperature was increased by 20 K. In addition, the Mo-containing amorphous coating exhibited higher corrosion resistance than the Mo-free coating. The superior corrosion resistance can be attributed to the increased proportion of protective, stable Cr, Nb, and Mo oxides in the passive film and fewer defects of the Mo-containing coating.
Exploring the Potential Anti-Inflammatory and Wound-Healing Proprieties of Cepaea hortensis Snail Mucin
Authors: Errajouani Fatima , Bakrim Hanane , Hourfane Sohaib , Louajri Adnane , Rocha João Miguel , El Aouad Noureddine , Laglaoui Amin
Published: December 2023

Long before its popularization as a skincare ingredient, snail slime was reported to have a variety of health-promoting attributes. Its medicinal use involved the treatment of ailments, such as anthrax, hernias, stomach pain, chest pain, as well as tuberculosis. The main aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties of snail slime from Cepaea hortensis (Müller, 1774) (brown garden snail). The slime was extracted by a mild method, and the anti-inflammatory characteristics were determined by croton-oil-induced mouse-ear edema. The histological study showed that the snail slime exerts its action at the level of inflammatory mediators, explaining the drastic decrease of edema (59% in comparison to the 47% of indomethacin). The daily application of 50 µL (15 mg/kg) of snail slime on excision wounds in rabbits proved to induce an almost full tissue repair after 24 days of treatment (87.80–92.7% wound closure in width and length, respectively). Analysis of the slime’s safety aspect allowed affirming the nontoxicity of snail slime on both the skin and eyes.
Practical Certificate-Less Infrastructure with Application in TLS
Authors: Duan Li , Li Yong , Liao Lijun
Published: December 2023

We propose highly efficient certificate-less (CL) protocols for the infrastructure used by authenticated key exchange (AKE). The construction is based on elliptic curves (EC) without pairing, which means it can be easily supported by most industrial cryptography libraries on constrained devices. Compared with other pairing-free CL solutions, the new CL-AKE protocol enjoys the least number of scalar multiplications over EC groups. We use a unified game-based model to formalize the security of each protocol, while most previous works only assess the security against a list of attacks, provide informal theorems without proper modeling, or use separate models for protocols in different stages. We also present an efficient integration of the core protocols into the TLS cipher suites and a stand-alone implementation for constrained devices. The performance is evaluated on constrained devices in real-world settings, which further confirms the efficiency of our proposal.
High-Temperature Crystal Chemistry of Meta-Autunite Group Minerals: Metatorbernite, Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2(H2O)8 and Metazeunerite, Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2(H2O)8
Authors: Nazarchuk Evgeny V. , Gurzhiy Vladislav V. , Tagirova Yana G. , Charkin Dmitri O. , Krzhizhanovskaya Maria G. , Kasatkin Anatoly V. , Eremin Oleg V.
Published: December 2023

Thermal expansion of metatorbernite, Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2(H2O)8 (1), and metazeunerite, Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2(H2O)8 (2), has been investigated using single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction. Both minerals are prone to dehydration, which proceeds already at ambient conditions. According to the single-crystal XRD data, 1 is stable up to 300(50) K, while 2 is stable up to 250(50) K. Powder XRD studies at various temperatures suggest that 1 dehydrates in three stages at ca. 353, 373, and 483 K, while 2 in two stages at ca. 283 and 543 K. Calculation of the main coefficients of thermal expansion reveals strong anisotropy. The expansion is maximal in the direction normal to the autunite-type layers. This correlates with the anisotropy in thermal evolution of Cu–O bond lengths and differences in the thermal behavior of PO4 and AsO4 tetrahedra.
Interferometric Optical Pumping of an InGaN/GaN-Based Gain-Coupled Distributed Feedback Multi Quantum Well Laser
Authors: Hofstetter Daniel , Beck Hans , Bour David P.
Published: December 2023

We describe an all-optical method to achieve—prior to further advanced processing steps—a perfect match of the relevant wavelength-sensitive parameters of an InGaN/GaN semiconductor distributed feedback laser. Instead of permanently etching and epitaxially over-growing a waveguide-based diffraction grating for the definition of an index-coupled distributed feedback laser, we suggest here—by employing a powerful ultraviolet pump laser—a non-permanent, photoinduced generation of an optical diffraction grating. The resulting complex refractive index modulation then forms a gain-coupled distributed feedback laser. Such an approach has the advantage of remaining flexible as long as possible—both in terms of the correct grating period and the ideal coupling constant. This flexibility is maintained until the definitive etch and the epitaxial over-growth of the diffraction grating are completed. Such devices can—like their dye laser counterparts in the early seventies—also be used as ultra-broadly tunable single-mode sources.
Focus on Paediatric Restrictive Cardiomyopathy: Frequently Asked Questions
Authors: Zampieri Mattia , Di Filippo Chiara , Zocchi Chiara , Fico Vera , Golinelli Cristina , Spaziani Gaia , Calabri Giovanni , Bennati Elena , Girolami Francesca , Marchi Alberto , Passantino Silvia , Porcedda Giulio , Capponi Guglielmo , Gozzini Alessia , Olivotto Iacopo , Ragni Luca , Favilli Silvia
Published: December 2023

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is characterized by restrictive ventricular pathophysiology determined by increased myocardial stiffness. While suspicion of RCM is initially raised by clinical evaluation and supported by electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings, invasive hemodynamic evaluation is often required for diagnosis and management of patients during follow-up. RCM is commonly associated with a poor prognosis and a high incidence of heart failure, and PH is reported in paediatric patients with RCM. Currently, only a few therapies are available for specific RCM aetiologies. Early referral to centres for advanced heart failure treatment is often necessary. The aim of this review is to address questions frequently asked when facing paediatric patients with RCM, including issues related to aetiologies, clinical presentation, diagnostic process and prognosis.
Cardiac Involvement in Classical Organic Acidurias: Clinical Profile and Outcome in a Pediatric Cohort
Authors: Passantino Silvia , Chiellino Serena , Girolami Francesca , Zampieri Mattia , Calabri Giovanni , Spaziani Gaia , Bennati Elena , Porcedda Giulio , Procopio Elena , Olivotto Iacopo , Favilli Silvia
Published: December 2023

Background: Cardiac involvement is reported in a significant proportion of patients with classical organic acidurias (OAs), contributing to disability and premature death. Different cardiac phenotypes have been described, among which dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is predominant. Despite recent progress in diagnosis and treatment, the natural history of patients with OAs remains unresolved, specifically with regard to the impact of cardiac complications. We therefore performed a retrospective study to address this issue at our Referral Center for Pediatric Inherited Errors of Metabolism. Methods: Sixty patients with OAs (propionic (PA), methylmalonic (MMA) and isovaleric acidemias and maple syrup urine disease) diagnosed from 2000 to 2022 were systematically assessed at baseline and at follow-up. Results: Cardiac anomalies were found in 23/60 OA patients, all with PA or MMA, represented by DCM (17/23 patients) and/or acquired long QT syndrome (3/23 patients). The presence of DCM was associated with the worst prognosis. The rate of occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) at 5 years was 55% in PA with cardiomyopathy; 35% in MMA with cardiomyopathy; and 23% in MMA without cardiomyopathy. Liver transplantation was performed in seven patients (12%), all with PA or MMA, due to worsening cardiac impairment, and led to the stabilization of metabolic status and cardiac function. Conclusions: Cardiac involvement was documented in about one third of children diagnosed with classical OAs, confined to PA and MMA, and was often associated with poor outcome in over 50%. Etiological diagnosis of OAs is essential in guiding management and risk stratification.
Variety of Serotonin Levels in Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Matiș Loredana , Daina Lucia Georgeta , Maris Lavinia , Ghitea Timea Claudia , Trifan Daniela Florina , Moga Ioana , Fodor Radu
Published: December 2023

(1) Serotonin primarily regulates our emotions. A complex process, which includes dysfunctions in gastrointestinal motility and deregulation of the gene responsible for serotonin reuptake (SERT), is implicated in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This also encompasses changes in intestinal microbiota, the response to stress, the intricate interplay between the brain and the digestive tract, heightened sensitivity to visceral stimuli, and low-grade inflammation. This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of probiotic therapy in managing gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric symptoms related to serotonin levels, with a focus on individuals with serotonin deficiency and those with normal serotonin levels experiencing gastrointestinal disorders. (2) The study involved 135 pediatric patients aged 5–18 years with gastrointestinal disturbances, including constipation, diarrhea, and other symptoms, such as nausea, flatulence, feeling full, or gastrointestinal pain. (3) Serotonin testing was performed, and administering probiotics appeared to be effective in addressing serotonin deficiency and other gastrointestinal disorders. (4) Serotonin’s pivotal role in regulating neurotransmitter secretion and its impact on neuropsychiatric health, coupled with gender differences and age-related declines, underscore the complexity of their influence on gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric conditions.
Optimizing Bucking Decisions in Korean Red Pine: A Dynamic Programming Approach to Timber Profitability
Authors: Jung Yoonkoo , Chang Yoonseong , You Joungwon , Kim Dayoung , Han Hee
Published: December 2023

Poor bucking decisions in forest stands can result in underestimating the profitability of timber sales. This study focuses on Pinus densiflora, commonly known as a red pine in Korea, which has often been underutilized as pulp and chips, leading to reduced profit margins. This study aimed to improve bucking decisions for red pine by analyzing the potential values in different log types and the profitability of manufacturing lumber products compared to pulp chips. A log sawing simulation model was developed using dynamic programming. This study optimized sawing patterns and estimated net profits for varying log sizes within the lumber market in Korea. The findings reveal that manufacturing lumber products from 3.6 m and 2.7 m logs can yield net profits 861% and 723% higher, respectively, than producing pulp chips from 1.8 m logs. Notably, sawing 3.6 m logs resulted in an average net profit 24% higher than from 2.7 m logs. These results advocate for more strategic bucking decisions based on potential timber sale profits and the end-uses of logs, especially in trees with large diameters at breast height (DBH), which can produce high-quality logs and should be bucked into long sawlogs whenever possible. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of practicing timber cruise to appraise the stumpage value of forest stands more accurately, moving beyond mere volume estimation to include tree type and expected volume. By implementing these practices, timber sale profits and the overall value of forest stands in Korea can be significantly enhanced. This approach not only benefits the economic aspect of forestry but also encourages sustainable and efficient resource management.
Effects of Metal Chloride Salt Pretreatment and Additives on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Poplar
Authors: Zhao Chenbiao , Mai Shenyi , Fan Meishan , Xie Jun , Zhang Hongdan
Published: December 2023

Metal chloride salt pretreatment was performed to isolate and convert cellulose to glucose from poplar. A glucose yield of 82.0% ± 0.7 was achieved after 0.05 mol/L AlCl3 pretreatment conducted at 180 °C for 20 min, ascribing to the removal of hemicellulose, the alteration of crystallinity, surface morphology, and the retention of the majority of cellulose. Then, the influence of different additives on glucose yield was assessed, generating the highest glucose yield of 88.5 ± 0.06 with the addition of PEG 8000. Meanwhile, a similar glucose yield of 82.8% ± 0.3 could be obtained with PEG 8000 when hydrolysis time was reduced by a quarter and enzyme dosage by three-quarters. It can be seen that AlCl3 pretreatment is a viable and efficient pretreatment method for poplar, while the addition of PEG 8000 can enhance the enzymatic efficiency and reduce cellulase loading, ascribing to the reservation of free enzyme and enzyme activity in the supernatant and the reduction in surface tension, which provide an idea to improve the economics of the enzymatic conversion of poplar.
Energy Consumption Reduction in Wireless Sensor Network-Based Water Pipeline Monitoring Systems via Energy Conservation Techniques
Authors: Nkemeni Valery , Mieyeville Fabien , Tsafack Pierre
Published: December 2023

In wireless sensor network-based water pipeline monitoring (WWPM) systems, a vital requirement emerges: the achievement of low energy consumption. This primary goal arises from the fundamental necessity to ensure the sustained operability of sensor nodes over extended durations, all without the need for frequent battery replacement. Given that sensor nodes in such applications are typically battery-powered and often physically inaccessible, maximizing energy efficiency by minimizing unnecessary energy consumption is of vital importance. This paper presents an experimental study that investigates the impact of a hybrid technique, incorporating distributed computing, hierarchical sensing, and duty cycling, on the energy consumption of a sensor node in prolonging the lifespan of a WWPM system. A custom sensor node is designed using the ESP32 MCU and nRF24L01+ transceiver. Hierarchical sensing is implemented through the use of LSM9DS1 and ADXL344 accelerometers, distributed computing through the implementation of a distributed Kalman filter, and duty cycling through the implementation of interrupt-enabled sleep/wakeup functionality. The experimental results reveal that combining distributed computing, hierarchical sensing and duty cycling reduces energy consumption by a factor of eight compared to the lone implementation of distributed computing.
Research Progress of Gel Foam Extinguishing Agent in Coal Mines
Authors: Zhang Yan , Tian Zhaojun , Ye Qing , Lu Yi
Published: December 2023

Gel foam extinguishing agent (gel foam) has promising applications in the prevention and management of mine coal spontaneous combustion. Based on the research on coal spontaneous combustion and prevention technology, this article discusses recent studies on using gel foam to extinguish coal mines. The structural properties and principles of gel foam are described briefly. The research developments of three significant varieties of gel foam are then presented in detail, including silicate gel foam, acrylamide copolymer gel foam, and natural polymer gel foam. Meanwhile, the research status of gel foam anti-fire technology’s rheological properties, stability property, plugging property, and inhibitory properties are introduced. Furthermore, in conjunction with the research state, the prospects of the research direction of gel foam are proposed, which serve as a reference for future research on gel foam.
Cornelia de Lange Syndrome Caused by an Intragenic Heterozygous Deletion in RAD21 Detected through Very-High-Resolution Chromosomal Microarray Analysis
Authors: Abarca-Barriga Hugo H. , Punil Luciano Renzo , Vásquez Sotomayor Flor
Published: December 2023

Cornelia de Lange syndrome is a genetic and clinically heterogeneous entity, caused by at least five genes. It is characterized by short stature, gestalt facies, microcephaly, neurodevelopmental disorders, and other anomalies. In this report, we present a 13-year-old female patient with microcephaly, cleft palate, polydactyly, short stature, triangular facies, frontal bossing, a bulbous nose, an overfolded helix, limited pronosupination, and an anomalous uterus. No neurodevelopmental disorders were reported. A chromosomal microarray analysis of 6.5 million markers was performed in the proband and her parents. The results showed a de novo heterozygous microdeletion of exons 9–14 within RAD21, which confirmed the diagnosis of Cornelia de Lange syndrome type 4. Our patient did not show any neurologic phenotype (until the time of diagnosis), although neurodevelopmental disorders are frequently present in patients with Cornelia de Lange syndrome type 4, and despite carrying a deletion that was larger than previously reported. Therefore, unknown genetic modifiers or intrinsic mechanisms of RAD21 variants may exist and should be studied.
Lambda CI Binding to Related Phage Operator Sequences Validates Alignment Algorithm and Highlights the Importance of Overlooked Bonds
Authors: Sedhom Jacklin , Solomon Lee A.
Published: December 2023

Bacteriophage λ’s CI repressor protein controls a genetic switch between the virus’s lysogenic and lytic lifecycles, in part, by selectively binding to six different DNA sequences within the phage genome—collectively referred to as operator sites. However, the minimal level of information needed for CI to recognize and specifically bind these six unique-but-related sequences is unclear. In a previous study, we introduced an algorithm that extracts the minimal direct readout information needed for λ-CI to recognize and bind its six binding sites. We further revealed direct readout information shared among three evolutionarily related lambdoid phages: λ-phage, Enterobacteria phage VT2-Sakai, and Stx2 converting phage I, suggesting that the λ-CI protein could bind to the operator sites of these other phages. In this study, we show that λ-CI can indeed bind the other two phages’ cognate binding sites as predicted using our algorithm, validating the hypotheses from that paper. We go on to demonstrate the importance of specific hydrogen bond donors and acceptors that are maintained despite changes to the nucleobase itself, and another that has an important role in recognition and binding. This in vitro validation of our algorithm supports its use as a tool to predict alternative binding sites for DNA-binding proteins.
Crude Saponins from Chenopodium quinoa Willd. Reduce Fusarium Wilt Infection in Tomato Seedlings
Authors: Zhou Xueyong , Guo Huan , Zhang Lihong , Yang Liyan , Wei Zuofu , Zhang Xiaoying , Niu Yan
Published: December 2023

Quinoa saponins are pentacyclic triterpene compounds composed of one triterpenoid glycoside and two different sugar chains. Previous studies have showed that natural quinoa saponins showed little or no antifungal activity, and there are few reports about their antifungal effects in recent decades. Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) is the most serious for tomatoes in the field and under greenhouse conditions. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of different concentrations and application modes of crude saponins from quinoa bran against the causal pathogen of tomato wilt under a greenhouse experiment. The results showed that the anti-FOL activity of quinoa saponins was weak in vitro, but significantly enhanced in vivo. Tomato seeds and seedlings treated with solution of quinoa saponins at 0.5 and 1.0 g/L significantly reduced the disease incidence (%) of tomato Fusarium wilt. The treatment types of saponin solution have influence on the preventive effects (%) of tomato seedlings against Fusarium wilt, among them, root soaking > foliar spray > seed soaking. The treatment of seed soaking with quinoa saponins inhibited germination of tomato seeds to some extent. However, the germination rate of tomato seeds after saponin soaking was comparable to the chemical pesticide (thiram carboxin); therefore, it could be used to control tomato wilt disease. This is due to the fact that the antifungal activity of quinoa saponins in vivo was much higher than that in vitro when the saponin concentration was between 0.5–1.0 g/L, indicating that the antifungal activity of quinoa saponins may be achieved mainly by inducing resistance. This investigation supports the potential use of quinoa saponins as a supplier of antifungal compounds, and could be the foundation for a future study examining the use of quinoa bran as a new resource against FOL.
Advances in Targeted Immunotherapy in Cancers
Authors: Luo Na
Published: December 2023

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, especially the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which has been considered as a significant breakthrough in cancer therapy [...]
Improvements in Urban Rapid Transit Boarding and Alighting Safety during System Modernization
Authors: Gisterek Igor , Hyliński Adam
Published: December 2023

Urban rail transport has advantages that determine its particular usefulness. However, despite decades of technical development, it is still difficult to speak about satisfactory solutions. Safe, independent access to this transport and public infrastructure for passengers with reduced mobility (PRM) is an essential element of civil rights and an interesting subject of scientific research. In relation to that, the interface between rail vehicle and platform, despite multiple efforts aiming at improving this situation, is one of the hardest problems to overcome. This paper presents a summary and analyses of distinctive features of selected transit systems that are interesting from the viewpoint of finding various solutions to improve the safety of passengers on platforms. This analysis led to preparation of a new, improved standard of the vehicle–platform interface, illustrated with an example of the city of Wrocław, as discussed further in this paper. Some of the main conclusions of this paper are that insufficient progress has been made with developing the vehicle–platform interface, there are a multitude of systems and ways of (more or less effectively) ensuring independent access for PRM, and further research and development work is needed to optimize engineering solutions in this domain so they are both sustainable and economical.
Perinatal Stressors and Consequences for Neonates with Critical Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Ronai Christina , Katlaps Isabel , Kim Amanda , Valent Amy M. , Thornburg Kent L. , Madriago Erin
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD) is a traumatic event that can cause expectant parents to experience anxiety, depression, and toxic stress. Prenatal exposure to stress may impact neonatal postoperative outcomes. In addition, expectant parents may have other psychosocial stressors that may compound maternal stress. We investigated the relationship between stress in pregnancies complicated by prenatally diagnosed CHD and their neonatal outcomes. Methods: A pilot retrospective cohort study of pregnancies with prenatally diagnosed critical CHD (2019–2021) was performed. The collected data included pregnancy characteristics and neonatal and postoperative outcomes (including the need for exogenous corticosteroid treatment (ECT)). In order to quantify prenatal stressors, a composite prenatal stress score (PSS) was established and utilized. Results: In total, 41 maternal–fetal dyads were evaluated. Thirteen (32%) neonates had single-ventricle anatomy. The need for ECT after CHD surgery was associated with higher pregnant patient PSS (p = 0.01). PSS did not correlate with birthweight, infection, or hypoglycemia in the neonatal period. Conclusions: Prenatal stress is multifactorial; higher PSS is correlates with post-bypass ECT, suggesting that a stressful intrauterine environment may be associated with worse neonatal postoperative outcomes.
Association of Sleep Duration and Weekend Catch-Up Sleep with Suicidal Ideation among Adolescents with Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Kang Dong Wan , Kim Sung Hoon , Kyung Yechan , Lee Hae Jeong
Published: December 2023

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent allergic disease in children that often causes sleep disturbance and which is associated with diminished quality of life and heightened susceptibility to depression and suicidality. In this study, we investigate the relationship between weekend catch-up sleep (WCUS) and mental health in a sample of 71,434 adolescents with AD and 221,057 without AD using multivariate logistic regression analysis. We hypothesized that adolescents with AD experience shorter total and daytime sleep due to pruritus, with compensatory longer WCUS. We found that the lifetime prevalence of AD was 24.4%, and that adolescents with AD slept less overall, with significantly shorter weekday and weekend sleep durations but longer weekend catch-up sleep (WCUS). Sleep dissatisfaction was markedly higher in the AD group. Interestingly, our results suggest that prolonged WCUS is a protective factor against suicidal ideation in adolescents with AD. The study highlights the importance of addressing sleep patterns in adolescents with AD to enhance mental health. Overall, our findings indicate a need for increased awareness and intervention strategies to ensure sufficient sleep and reduce the risk of suicidal ideation in this population.
Enhanced Reverse-Engineering Method for Accurately Predicting Lamina Properties in Laminated Composites via Combined Static and Dynamic Finite Element Simulations
Authors: Hwang Mun-Young , Park Jeong Hun , Song Jongho , Hwang Soo Woong , Kang Hun Hee , Lee Hyun Chul
Published: December 2023

This study aims to ascertain the material characteristics that are intrinsic to the prepreg layer within a laminated composite structure. The elastic modulus of the lamina, a primary determinant of composite structural behavior, is the focal point of this analysis. This parameter has been assessed by employing reverse-engineering techniques on a composite composed of sequentially stacked prepregs. The investigation entailed simulating the behavior of the composite under static loads and conducting modal analyses to reflect both static and dynamic conditions. The findings indicate that the elastic modulus values derived from combined tensile and modal analysis simulations exhibit superior accuracy compared to those obtained through tensile simulation alone. Specifically, the maximum prediction error for E1 (the tensile-direction elastic modulus of one lamina sheet) decreased from 1.17% to 0.28%, and that of E2 (the transverse-direction elastic modulus of one lamina sheet) decreased from 12.01% to 7.30%. Further simulations incorporating fabrication error variances underscored the critical nature of precise E2 analysis. The proposed methodology evidenced a more accurate assessment of E2, underscoring its potential to enhance the reverse-engineering process in composite material design.
SAGA Complex Subunit Hfi1 Is Important in the Stress Response and Pathogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Yu Chendi K. , Stephenson Christina J. , Villamor Tristan C. , Dyba Taylor G. , Schulz Benjamin L. , Fraser James A.
Published: December 2023

The Spt-Ada-Gcn Acetyltransferase (SAGA) complex is a highly conserved co-activator found across eukaryotes. It is composed of a number of modules which can vary between species, but all contain the core module. Hfi1 (known as TADA1 in Homo sapiens) is one of the proteins that forms the core module, and has been shown to play an important role in maintaining complex structural integrity in both brewer’s yeast and humans. In this study we successfully identified the gene encoding this protein in the important fungal pathogen, Cryptococcus neoformans, and named it HFI1. The hfi1Δ mutant is highly pleiotropic in vitro, influencing phenotypes, ranging from temperature sensitivity and melanin production to caffeine resistance and titan cell morphogenesis. In the absence of Hfi1, the transcription of several other SAGA genes is impacted, as is the acetylation and deubiquination of several histone residues. Importantly, loss of the gene significantly impacts virulence in a murine inhalation model of cryptococcosis. In summary, we have established that Hfi1 modulates multiple pathways that directly affect virulence and survival in C. neoformans, and provided deeper insight into the importance of the non-enzymatic components of the SAGA complex.
Effects of Electromyographic Biofeedback-Assisted Exercise on Functional Recovery and Quality of Life in Patients after Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kokic Tomislav , Pavic Roman , Vuksanic Matko , Jelica Stjepan , Sumanovac Antun , Banic Tihomir , Ostović Helena , Sklempe Kokic Iva
Published: December 2023

The goal of the trial was to examine the effects of adding electromyographic biofeedback (EMG-BF) to the conventional program of physiotherapy after total hip arthroplasty (THA) on functional recovery and quality of life. The trial was designed as a prospective, interventional, single-blinded randomized controlled study. Ninety patients were randomized into an experimental group (EG) (n = 45; mean age 63.9 ± 8.8) and control group (CG) (n = 45; mean age 63.9 ± 9). All patients received 21 days of physiotherapy which consisted of therapeutic exercise (land-based and aquatic), electrotherapy, and education. Electromyographic biofeedback was added to a portion of the land-based exercise in EG. The Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS), Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Short Form Health Survey-36 (SF-36), use of a walking aid, 30 s chair stand test (CST) as well as the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test were used for outcome measurement. A higher proportion of the participants in both groups did not need a walking aid after the intervention (p < 0.05). All participants improved their 30 s CST and TUG results (p < 0.001), as well as their NRS and HOOS scores (p < 0.05). No significant differences between the groups were found. There were no additional benefits from adding EMG-BF to the conventional physiotherapy protocol.
Environmental, Social, and Governance Performance and Value Creation in Product Market: Evidence from Emerging Economies
Authors: Bashir Yasmeen , Zhao Yiwei , Qiu Huan , Ahmed Zeeshan , Yau Josephine Tan-Hwang
Published: December 2023

Using a unique sample of 13,412 firm-year observations from 19 countries of the emerging economies for the period of 2011 to 2019, we investigate the association between the firms’ environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance and their value creation in the product market. Specifically, we first used the pooled OLS regression model for panel data as our baseline model and found that ESG performance (as well as its pillars) has a strong positive effect on the future value creation of the firms in the product market. We also conducted some additional analyses using various regression models, as well as adopting multiple tests for endogeneity, and the additional analyses revealed that the results are robust under different scenarios. Overall, the findings of this study highlight the importance of firm-level ESG performance for the value creation of firms in the product market in emerging economies and have theoretical and practical implications for academic researchers, market participants, and government entities in studying, evaluating, and governing firms’ ESG performance and reporting.
Grammatical and Lexical Dialectal Variation in Spanish: The Case of deísmo
Authors: Gutiérrez-Rodríguez Edita , Pérez-Ocón Pilar
Published: December 2023

Deísmo is a non-standard dialectal phenomenon consisting of the insertion of a non-required preposition de ‘of’ before a non-finite clause: Me apetece (de) salir ‘I want to go out’. In most papers, de is analyzed as a defective complementizer that does not change the meaning of the sentence. However, deísmo has also been associated with a prospective meaning with some verbs, and de has been considered as a marker of evidentiality with visual perception verbs. In this paper, we provide a formal analysis for deísmo constructions, in which de is located in a projection below that occupied by de in dequeísmo constructions). Secondly, we will show the results of a questionnaire whose objective is to figure out if there is an evidential meaning associated with deísmo. For the questionnaire, we made a preliminary search in Corpus Oral y Sonoro del Español Rural (COSER) and in Spanish Web Corpus 2018 (Sketch Engine). From this, we selected the most frequent verbs with deísmo in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). An examination of the results revealed that, on the one hand, deísmo is lexically associated with certain verbs, but not necessarily with all of the same semantic class; and on the other hand, that there is not an evidential meaning associated with deísmo.
Prediction of Plastic Shrinkage Cracking of Supplementary Cementitious Material-Modified Shotcrete Using Rheological and Mechanical Indicators
Authors: Yun Kyong-Ku , Panov Valerii , Han Seungyeon
Published: December 2023

Plastic shrinkage cracking is a complex and multifaceted process that occurs in the period between placement and the final setting. During this period, the mixture is viscoplastic in nature and therefore possesses rheological properties. The investigation of the relationship between rheological behavior and its propensity to undergo cracking during the plastic phase presents an intriguing subject of study. However, many factors influence plastic cracking, and the corresponding interaction of its effects is complex in nature. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of rheological and physicomechanical properties on the occurrence of plastic cracking in high-performance shotcrete containing various supplementary cementitious materials. To achieve this, plastic cracking was evaluated employing the ASTM C 1579 standard and a smart crack viewer FCV-30, and the rheological parameters were controlled using an ICAR rheometer. In addition, a study was conducted to assess the strength development and fresh properties. Further, a relationship was established via statistical evaluation, and the best predicting models were selected. According to the study results, it can be concluded that high-yield stress and low plastic viscosity for colloidal silica mixtures are indicators of plastic cracking resistance owing to improved fresh microstructure and accelerated hydration reaction. However, earlier strength development and the presence of a water-reducing admixture allowed mixtures containing silica fume to achieve crack reduction. A higher indicator of yield stress is an indicator of the capillary pressure development of these mixtures. In addition, a series containing ultrafine fly ash (having high flow resistance and torque viscosity) exhibited a risk of early capillary pressure build-up and a decrease in strength characteristics, which could be stabilized with the addition of colloidal silica. Consequently, the mixture containing both silica fume and colloidal silica exhibited the best performance. Thus, the results indicated that rheological characteristics, compressive strength, and water-reducer content can be used to control the plastic shrinkage cracking of shotcrete.
Functional Acrylic Resins Prepared via Photo-Induced Telomerization Using Tetrabromomethane as Telogen
Authors: Weisbrodt Mateusz , Kowalczyk Agnieszka , Schmidt Beata , Idzik Tomasz J. , Sośnicki Jacek G.
Published: December 2023

Novel method of obtaining functional acrylic resins (FARs) containing carboxyl- and benzophenone groups (in-chain functionalization) and terminal Br atoms was verified. Acrylic oligomers were prepared by a solution-free, UV-initiated telomerization process of basic monomer (n-butyl acrylate) and functional monomers (acrylic acid and 4-acrylooxybenzophenone) in the presence of radical photoinitiator and different amount of tetrabromomethane (CBr4) as telogen. The effect of telogen content on UV-telomerization kinetics as well as physicochemical and thermal (Tg) properties of FARs was investigated. A telogen content higher than 5 wt. parts does not affect the UV-telomerization rate (photo-DSC), the molecular weights of telomers (GPC), or their glass transition temperature (DSC), but it significantly increases the conversion of monomers (up to 88%) and lowers the viscosity of FARs (approx. 6 Pa·s). NMR studies confirmed the inclusion of CBr4 in the structure of functional acrylic telomers.