bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Auslandseinsatz von Arbeitnehmern
Authors: Marburger Horst
Published: October 2022

Kompetente Orientierungshilfe

Die Entsendung deutscher Arbeitnehmer ins Ausland ist längst keine Besonderheit mehr, sondern angesichts wachsender Globalisierung zum Normalfall geworden. Es ist deshalb für Unternehmen von erheblicher Bedeutung, die hierbei zu beachtende Rechtslage zu kennen. Daher vermittelt der Band in erster Linie das teilweise sehr komplizierte einschlägige Sozialversicherungsrecht, aber auch die arbeits- und strafrechtlichen Fragestellungen.

Praktische Problemlösungen

Der Autor erörtert detailliert sämtliche im Zusammenhang mit der Entsendung von Arbeitnehmern ins Ausland denkbaren Probleme und stellt deren Lösung für die tägliche Praxis dar. Das gilt auch für die bei der Vorbereitung der eigentlichen Entsendung zu beachtenden Fragestellungen.

Hinweise zu EU und Drittstaaten

Im Zusammenhang mit dem Sozialversicherungsrecht werden die Rechtsvorschriften bei der Arbeitnehmerentsendung in ein Land des Europäischen Wirtschaftsraums behandelt. Überdies sind die bei der Entsendung in Drittstaaten zu beachtenden Sozialversicherungsabkommen umfassend dargestellt.

Verständliche Darstellung

Zahlreiche Übersichten und Beispiele veranschaulichen die Ausführungen.
Schwangerschaft - Mutterschaft - Elternzeit
Authors: Marburger Horst
Published: October 2022

Schutzbestimmungen im Mutterschutzgesetz

Schwangerschaft und Mutterschaft stehen unter dem besonderen Schutz der Gemeinschaft. Im Arbeitsrecht sorgt hierfür das zum 1.1.2018 neu gestaltete Mutterschutzgesetz, das während der Schwangerschaft und nach der Entbindung zahlreiche Schutzbestimmungen wie z.B. das Mutterschaftsgeld, Beschäftigungsverbote oder einen besonderen Kündigungsschutz vorsieht.

Schutz durch die gesetzliche Krankenversicherung

Aber auch sozialrechtlich gelten für Schwangere besondere Vorschriften. So regelt das Sozialgesetzbuch – Fünftes Buch die Leistungen der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung im Fall einer Schwangerschaft.

Absicherung durch das Bundeselterngeld- und Elternzeitgesetz

Der Schutz setzt sich auch nach der Entbindung fort. Neben dem Mutterschutzgesetz greift hier das Bundeselterngeld- und Elternzeitgesetz. Daraus ergeben sich ein Anspruch auf Elterngeld und ein Recht auf Elternzeit, die auch vom Vater des Kindes genommen werden kann.

Rechte und Pflichten für Eltern und Arbeitgeber

Das Buch verdeutlicht sowohl Arbeitgebern als auch den Eltern die jeweiligen Rechte und Pflichten. Es verhilft damit allen Beteiligten zu einem problemlosen Umgang mit dieser vielschichtigen Rechtsmaterie.
Muster für Vollmachten
Authors: Huber Jonas
Published: October 2022

Vertrauen – Vollmacht – Verantwortung

Die Erteilung einer Vollmacht setzt ein uneingeschränktes Vertrauensverhältnis voraus. Ist ein solches vorhanden, kommt es maßgebend auf den Inhalt der Vollmacht an.

Rechtssichere Formulierungen

Ob Vollmachten im Gesellschafts-, Grundstücks-, Familien- und Erbrecht sowie in weiteren speziellen Rechtsgebieten – dieser Ratgeber weist mit seiner Vielzahl an Mustern einen wahren Fundus an Formulierungen auf. Daneben finden sich ebenso Vorlagen zum Vollmachtswiderruf sowie Wissenswertes über die Kosten beim Notar.

Mit praktischen Hinweisen

Zahlreiche Hinweise und Anmerkungen gehen auf rechtlich bedeutsame Fragen ein und stellen dadurch den Zweck und die Tragweite der einzelnen Vollmachten klar heraus. Ausführliche Fassungen von Generalvollmachten sowie einer Patientenverfügung runden das Werk ab.
Bitcoin & Co
Authors: Filbinger Konstantin
Published: October 2022

Blockchain, Bitcoin, ICO, Token, Smart Contract?

Seit einiger Zeit geistern diese Begriffe durch die Medien und produzieren Schlagzeilen. Insbesondere Bitcoins und andere Kryptowährungen sind dabei als neuartige Zahlungs- und Investmentmöglichkeiten im Gespräch.

Verständlich erklärt

Aber wie genau hängt die Blockchain-Technologie mit Kryptowährungen zusammen, was sind Tokens, ICOs und Smart Contracts? Wie kauft man Kryptoguthaben und verwahrt dieses sicher? Worin unterscheiden sich Kryptotransaktionen von klassischen Überweisungen und wie sind Inhaber von Kryptoguthaben rechtlich geschützt? Der Band aus der bewährten RdW-Schriftenreihe beantwortet diese Fragen.

Was bei Kryptowährungen zu beachten ist

Die Broschüre erläutert nach einer Einleitung zum Hintergrund des Aufkommens von Kryptowährungen Grundzüge der Blockchain-Technologie und deren Funktionsweise. Im Anschluss liegt der Fokus auf praxisrelevanten Fragen wie dem rechtlichen Schutz von Kryptoguthaben (auch vor sog. Hacking-Attacken), deren Vererbung oder Schenkung sowie weiteren ausgewählten Problemstellungen, u.a. im Familien-, Minderjährigen- und Insolvenzrecht sowie in der betrieblichen Praxis.

Mehr zu Internet of Things

Neben der eingängigen Vermittlung von Grundwissen behandelt der Autor auch Themen wie das Internet of Things oder Smart Contracts.

Der aktuelle Ratgeber zu Kryptowährungen

Das Buch gibt Rechtskundigen und interessierten Laien insbesondere einen Überblick über die mit Kryptowährungen in der Praxis verbundenen Rechtsfragen.
Überprüfung von Fahrzeugen und Fahrzeugführern
Authors: Daubner Robert
Published: October 2022

Praktischer Ersthelfer

Mit dem handlichen, topaktuellen Praxisbuch erhalten Polizeibeamtinnen und Polizeibeamte in konzentrierter Form wichtige und immer wieder benötigte Informationen für die Überprüfung von Fahrzeugen und Fahrzeugführern. Durch das kompakte Format passt das Praxisheft in jede Hemdtasche.

Das ist neu:

Der Autor hat zahlreiche Änderungen von Gesetzen und Verordnungen eingearbeitet. Neu aufgenommen wurden u.a. Hinweise zur internetbasierten Zulassung, zur Elektrokleinstfahrzeuge-Verordnung, zu verbotenen Kraftfahrzeugrennen und die Vorgaben zum Umtausch von vor dem 19.1.2013 ausgestellten Führerscheinen.

Das steht drin:

Die Themenbereiche des Praxisbegleiters sind u.a.:

Allgemeine Verkehrskontrolle ohne besonderen Anlass (§ 36 V Straßenverkersordnung (StVO))

Einteilung der Fahrerlaubnisklassen mit den Stichtagsregelungen vor/nach dem 1.1.1999 (§ 5 StVZO alt) und bis zum 16.1.2013 (§ 6 Fahrerlaubnisverordnung (FeV) alt) bzw. ab dem 19.1.2013 (§ 6 FeV aktuell)

Verwendung von Schlüsselzahlen für Eintragungen in den Führerschein (Anlage 9 zu § 25 III FeV), Schlüsselzahlen der EU (Auszug), nationale Schlüsselzahlen (Auszug)

Anerkennung von Fahrerlaubnissen aus EU- oder EWR-Staaten (§ 28 FeV), ausländische Fahrerlaubnisse (§ 29 FeV), Ahndung bei Verstößen ausländischer Kraftfahrzeugführer (§ 31d StVZO, § 23 StVO)

Kontrolle von Fahrzeugen, u.a.:Elektrokleinstfahrzeuge, E-Scooter ohne Sitz, Segway (Mobilitätshilfe) – Elektrokleinstfahrzeuge-Verordnung (eKFV), E-Scooter mit Sitz, Skateboard/Longboard, City-Wheel (Monowheel), Hoverboard, neue Fahrzeuge der Fahrerlaubnisklasse AM, Fahrrad mit Trethilfe (Pedelec), Leichtmofa, Kleinkraftrad und dreirädriges Kraftfahrzeug, Fahrrad mit Hilfsmotor 45 und zweirädriges Kleinkraftrad 45, vierrädriges Leichtkraftfahrzeug, Krafträder, Personenkraftwagen, Zugmaschine, selbstfahrende Arbeitsmaschine, Lastkraftwagen, Kraftomnibus, land- oder forstwirtschaftliche Zugmaschine

Verkehrsstraftaten, u.a.:§§ 142, 315b, 315c, 315d, 316 Strafgesetzbuch (StGB)

Beschaffenheit der Fahrzeuge (§ 30 Straßenverkehrszulassungsordnung (StVZO))

Bewährte Checklisten

Die komplizierten und sich häufig ändernden Regelungen des Verkehrsrechts sind in leicht erfassbaren Checklisten zusammengefasst. Sie geben den Polizeivollzugsbeamtinnen und -beamten bei der Verkehrsüberwachung und -kontrolle die nötige Sicherheit, wenn diese vor Ort entscheiden müssen.
Psychologie der Eigensicherung
Authors: Füllgrabe Uwe
Published: October 2022

Überleben ist kein Zufall!

Dies gilt in besonderem Maße für Polizeibeamte, aber auch für andere Berufsgruppen, die täglich bei der Arbeit in gefährliche Situationen geraten können.

Was bedeutet "psychologische Eigensicherung"?

Das eingeführte Standardwerk zur psychologischen Eigensicherung beschäftigt sich umfassend mit der Survivability (Überlebensfähigkeit). Diese Fähigkeit ermöglicht es, Gefahren zu vermeiden, zu bewältigen oder zu überleben. Sie ergibt sich aus verschiedenen Kenntnissen, Fähigkeiten, aber auch inneren Einstellungen und weist somit eine starke psychologische Komponente auf. Der Autor zeigt auf, dass das Beherrschen von Kampfsport allein nicht immer gegen Angreifer hilft. Vielmehr spielen auch psychologische Faktoren eine wichtige Rolle.

Überlebensfähigkeit kann man lernen

Auf der Grundlage von Ereignissen aus der polizeilichen Praxis sowie unter Berücksichtigung wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse vermittelt der Leitfaden anschaulich, wie man gefährliche Situationen bewältigen und dabei Verletzungen vermeiden sowie seine Überlebenschancen durch Beachtung psychologischer Faktoren erhöhen kann. Der Verfasser vermittelt den Leserinnen und Lesern einen realistischen Optimismus: Man hat selbst in Gefahrensituationen mehr Chancen, als man glaubt.

Hinweise, Tipps und Übungen für das Training der Eigensicherung vervollständigen die Darstellung.

Das bringt die 9. Auflage zusätzliche:

Machtspiele und Mobbing im Wirtschaftsleben

Wie man Kindern spielerisch Gefahrenbewältigung beibringen kann

Gefahrenradar für das Gesundheitssystem (Corona-Pandemie)

Proofiness, die Fehlinterpretation von Wahrscheinlichkeiten

Sehr empfehlenswert für:

Polizeibeamte

Personenschützer

Werkschutzpersonal

Angehörige der Justiz

Personal in psychiatrischen Kliniken

Feuerwehrleute

Rettungskräfte

Es hilft aber auch bei Bedrohungen durch den Partner, in Fällen von Stalking, bei Drohanrufen, bei Machtspielen und Mobbing im Wirtschaftsleben, beim Trekking oder älteren Menschen in bedrohlichen und gefährlichen Situationen.

Aus gutem Grund

Die Tatsache, dass sich in der letzten Zeit nicht nur Angriffe auf Polizeikräfte häufen, sondern auch auf Feuerwehrleute und Rettungskräfte, belegt die Notwendigkeit dieses Buches.
First Cretaceous cephalopod statoliths fill the gap between Jurassic and Cenozoic forms
Authors: PINDAKIEWICZ Maciej K. , HRYNIEWICZ Krzysztof , JANISZEWSKA Katarzyna , KAIM Andrzej
Published: October 2022

We report the first cephalopod statoliths from the Early Cretaceous. These unique microfossils fill the gap in the fossil record between Jurassic and Cenozoic forms, and are more similar to the former. We compare the morphology of the Mesozoic forms with the statoliths from Recent and Cenozoic decabrachians. This comparison shows the closest resemblance to the Recent Idiosepiidae. We suggest that Mesozoic cephalopod statoliths belong to the basal decabrachians and they are related to the idiosepiids. The belemnitid identity of these forms can be neither confirmed nor rejected though some positive correlation in the investigated materials between findings of belemnitid rostra and statoliths do occur. These finds support also some previous suggestions that decabrachians and vampyropods diverged earlier than in the Early Jurassic. We discuss the absence of the wing in the Mesozoic statoliths and suggest that the robustly developed spur could play a similar role to the wing in Cenozoic and Recent decabrachian statoliths. We suggest that the statolith morphology might be a useful tool to interpret cephalopod evolution. We also note an evident shift in the abundance ratio of statoliths vs fish otoliths, the former being dominant in the Jurassic while declining in abundance in the Cretaceous. This supports a Cretaceous turnover in several groups of marine organisms.
Próxima parada: Manguetown – fluxos de cultura na cidade e um novo olhar devolvido ao Brasil
Authors: Novais Felipe Roner Vilanova , Monte Alto Rômulo
Published: October 2022

O presente artigo tem como objetivo trazer à tona reflexões sobre a cena do Manguebeat, movimento que irrompe em Recife ao fim dos anos 1980. Nesse panorama, propõe-se uma relação entre a cidade e as produções culturais da banda Chico Science & Nação Zumbi – especificamente nos álbuns Da lama ao caos (1994) e Afrociberdelia (1996) –, projetando um espaço simbólico entendido como Manguetown. Busca-se entender como as canções inscritas na cena repercutem uma outra imagem do Brasil ao Brasil e diversificam um eixo hegemônico de produção e circulação da cultura. Para isso, recuperam-se as contribuições de Lefevbre (2002), Anderson (2008) e Didi-Huberman (2015) para a construção de um aparelho teórico que permita a investigação desse cenário. Esse processo é acompanhado das considerações sobre as dinâmicas entre global e local – pensadas a partir das ideias de Huyssen (2002) na esteira dos Estudos Culturais – configuradas no espaço privilegiado de análise da cidade.
O drama do desenraizamento e da adaptação forçada
Authors: Bungart Neto Paulo
Published: October 2022

O artigo discute a literatura produzida por mulheres latino-americanas exiladas ao longo da segunda metade do século XX, com ênfase em testemunhos nos quais se percebe um entrelaçamento entre história, política e memória, característica marcante de boa parte das narrativas contemporâneas. As autoras rompem um silêncio mantido por muitos anos com a intenção de mostrar de que maneira os acontecimentos podem ser ressignificados por relatos orais ou textos literários impressos, cuja finalidade última é a de tentar superar o trauma do encarceramento, da tortura e do exílio, em um incessante exercício de autoanálise e compreensão do aspecto coletivo dos fatos históricos testemunhados. Para a abordagem das obras, utilizou-se como suporte textos teóricos e críticos a respeito do fenômeno do exílio, tais como VIÑAR (1992); ROLLEMBERG (1999); PIZARRO (2006); e SZNAJDER, RONIGER (2009); e estudos sobre a história política da América Latina, como DINGES (2005); e NEPOMUCENO (2015).
Violência contra a mulher em Curuzú La Novia, de Josefina Plá, e “A Parasita Azul”, de Machado de Assis
Authors: Santos Rosana Cristina Zanelatto , Almeida Luiz Roberto Lins
Published: October 2022

Esta breve investigação debruça-se sobre a temática da violência contra a mulher tal como percebida e representada nos contos Curuzú la novia (1958), de Josefina Plá, e “A Parasita Azul” (1873), de Machado de Assis. Partindo da análise da estrutura desses contos, tendo por escopo teórico os estudos de Moisés (2006), Reis (2018) e Coelho (2021), por meio da comparação entre uma obra da literatura paraguaia do século XX e uma de origem brasileira do século XIX, e tendo em mente que a situação de violência de gênero permanece como uma realidade atual, é possível perceber no narrador e nas personagens indícios de violência. Se, por um lado, a estrutura machadiana permite que o conto desague na ironia que o caracteriza, Josefina Plá, com seu projeto estético fulcrado no feminino – em solo paraguaio –, redunda na opção pelo trágico (ARISTÓTELES, 1993), considerando especialmente a objetificação do corpo da mulher, conforme destacado por Kilomba (2019).
Annual report on U.S. Manufacturing Industry statistics :
Authors: Thomas Douglas S
Published: October 2022

This report provides a statistical review of the U.S. manufacturing industry. There are three aspects of U.S. manufacturing that are considered: (1) how the U.S. industry compares to other countries, (2) the trends in the domestic industry, and (3) the industry trends compared to those in other countries. The U.S. remains a major manufacturing nation; however, other countries are rising rapidly. Manufacturing in the U.S. was significantly impacted by the pandemic of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although U.S. manufacturing performs well in many respects, there are opportunities for advancing competitiveness. This will require strategic placement of resources to ensure that U.S. investments have the highest return possible.
Comparison of Suture Types and Techniques in Achilles Tendon Repair: An Ex Vivo Biomechanical Animal Experiment
Authors: Dogar Fatih , Gurbuz Kaan , Topak Duran , Ozdemir Mustafa Abdullah , Kuşçu Burak , Ekinci Yakup , Batin Sabri , Yaykasli Hakan , Bilal Okkes
Published: October 2022

Background: The ideal suture technique and type in tendon repair remain unclear. This biomechanical study aimed to assess the biomechanical characteristics of three techniques—modified Kessler (mKE), modified Krackow (mKR), and modified tension Bunnell (mtBU)—in sheep Achilles tendon tear repair using three suture types—polypropylene, polyester, and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)—which are also compared.

Methods: Sixty-three Achilles tendons harvested from sheep were transversely hacked as a replacement for rupture in a standardized measure and repaired using mKE, mKR, and mtBU techniques with No. 2 polypropylene, polyester, and UHMWPE sutures. Biomechanical parameters, such as Young’s modulus, ultimate strength, and strength to the 5-mm gap, were recorded for statistical analysis.

Results: The mtBU technique with UHMWPE use resulted in increased ultimate strength, strength to 5-mm gap, Young’s modulus, and quantity of specimens with low clinical failure modes compared with the other techniques with other suture materials. Furthermore, mtBU has the lowest thickness at the repair side of the tendons. This approach showed tendon failure during maximal traction testing, whereas the mKE and mKR techniques had polyethylene and polyester suture failures.

Conclusions: The UHMWPE suture was significantly superior to the other sutures in each technique in terms of strength and durability. The mtBU technique using UHMWPE suture showed better biomechanical results, implying that this repair might be more appropriate to obtain early mobilization after tendon ruptures.
“I’m More Comfortable with a Wide-Fit Shoe” The Footwear Needs and Preferences of Older Adults in Racket Sports
Authors: Reeves Joanna E. , Williams Anita E. , Dixon Sharon Jane
Published: October 2022

Background: Physical activity is important throughout the lifespan. Racket sports are popular with older adults and offer important social benefits. It is unknown how the physiologic changes attributable to aging affect lower limb loading during multidirectional sports and how this may influence footwear requirements. The purpose of this work was to explore the footwear needs and preferences of older adults in racket sports to inform footwear design and development.

Methods: Semistructured interviews were conducted online with 16 participants (56–92 years of age) who typically play racket sports at least once per week. Thematic analysis was used to group basic themes into organizing themes.

Results: The organizing themes were comfort (general comfort, pain-free, and cushioning), functionality (relating to the structure of the shoe and performance), and choice (mostly around the appearance of the shoe). Comfort was a key priority for the majority of participants, although it was often stressed that the footwear must also be supportive. Support was frequently defined in relation to preventing ankle sprains; however, when asked directly about managing injury risk, avoiding certain shots and appropriate grip were mentioned over support. More than half of participants reported needing a wide-fitting sport shoe, which limited the footwear selection available to them.

Conclusions: This study provides novel insight into the footwear requirements of active older adults, which can inform the development of footwear to facilitate safe and pain-free participation in sport for all.
Aging-related iron deposit prevents the benefits of HRT from late postmenopausal atherosclerosis
Authors: Xu Tianze , Cai Jing , Wang Lei , Xu Li , Zhao Hongting , Wang Fudi , Meyron-Holtz Esther , Missirlis Fanis , Qiao Tong , Li Kuanyu
Published: October 2022

Postmenopausal atherosclerosis has been attributed to estrogen deficiency. The beneficial effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), however, is lost in late postmenopausal women with atherogenesis. We asked whether aging-related iron accumulation affects estrogen receptor α (ERα) expression explaining HRT inefficacy. A negative correlation between aging-related systemic iron deposition and ERα expression in postmenopausal AS patients was established. In an ovariectomized ApoE
-/-
mouse model, estradiol treatment had contrasting effects on ERα expression in early versus late postmenopausal mice. ERα expression was inhibited by iron treatment in cell culture and iron-overloaded mice. Combined treatment with estradiol and iron further decreased ERα expression, mediated by iron-regulated E3 ligase Mdm2. In line with these observations, cellular cholesterol efflux was reduced and endothelial homeostasis was disrupted and, consequently, atherosclerosis was aggravated. Accordingly, systemic iron chelation attenuated estradiol-triggered progressive atherosclerosis in late postmenopausal mice. Thus, iron and estradiol together downregulate ERα through Mdm2-mediated proteolysis, explaining failures of HRT in late postmenopausal subjects with aging-related iron accumulation. HRT is recommended immediately after menopause along with appropriate iron chelation to protect from atherosclerosis.
Hepatic lipid overload triggers biliary epithelial cell activation via E2Fs
Authors: Yildiz Ece , El Alam Gaby , Perino Alessia , Jalil Antoine , Denechaud Pierre-Damien , Huber Katharina , Fajas Lluis , Auwerx Johan , Sorrentino Giovanni , Schoonjans Kristina
Published: October 2022

During severe or chronic hepatic injury, biliary epithelial cells (BECs) undergo rapid activation into proliferating progenitors, a crucial step required to establish a regenerative process known as ductular reaction (DR). While DR is a hallmark of chronic liver diseases, including advanced stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the early events underlying BEC activation are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that BECs readily accumulate lipids during high-fat diet feeding in mice and upon fatty acid treatment in BEC-derived organoids. Lipid overload induces metabolic rewiring to support the conversion of adult cholangiocytes into reactive BECs. Mechanistically, we found that lipid overload activates the E2F transcription factors in BECs, which drive cell cycle progression while promoting glycolytic metabolism. These findings demonstrate that fat overload is sufficient to reprogram BECs into progenitor cells in the early stages of NAFLD and provide new insights into the mechanistic basis of this process, revealing unexpected connections between lipid metabolism, stemness, and regeneration.
Six new species of Pristimantis (Anura: Strabomantidae) from Llanganates National Park and Sangay National Park in Amazonian cloud forests of Ecuador
Authors: Ortega Jhael A. , Brito Jorge , Ron Santiago R.
Published: October 2022

We describe six new species of rainfrogs of the genus Pristimantis (Strabomantidae) from Amazonian cloud forests in Ecuador. We also present a phylogeny showing the relationships of the new species. The phylogeny is based on mitochondrial genes 16S rRNA (16S), 12 rRNA (12S), NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1 (ND1) and the nuclear gene recombination-activating 1 (RAG1). We also describe the osteology of two of the new species using high-resolution x-ray computed tomography. The new species belong to two clades. The first clade is sister to the subgenus Huicundomantis and includes P. tamia sp. nov., P. miktos, and P. mallii. Pristimantis tamia sp. nov. is morphologically similar to P. miktos, P. mallii, P. martiae, and P. incomptus, but differs from them by lacking vocal slits and tympanic membrane and by having light greenish blue iris. Based in our results we expand the subgenus Huicundomantis to include the P. miktos species group. The second clade is remarkable by being highly divergent and consisting exclusively of new species: P. anaiae sp. nov., P. glendae sp. nov., P. kunam sp. nov., P. resistencia sp. nov., and P. venegasi sp. nov. The new species resemble P. roni, P. yanezi, P. llanganati, P. katoptroides, P. verecundus, and P. mutabilis but can be distinguished from them by lacking vocal slits and tympanic membrane and by having large dark round areas with thin clear borders in the sacral region. All six new species occur in the eastern slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes and are known from a single locality in Llanganates or Sangay National Park. We recommend assigning all of them to the Data Deficient (DD) Red List category. Based in our high-resolution x-ray tomographies, we report the presence of structures that appear to be intercalary elements. This would be the first report of such structures in Terrarana.
Real-time estimation of the effective reproduction number of SARS-CoV-2 in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Binny Rachelle N. , Lustig Audrey , Hendy Shaun C. , Maclaren Oliver J. , Ridings Kannan M. , Vattiato Giorgia , Plank Michael J.
Published: October 2022

During an epidemic, real-time estimation of the effective reproduction number supports decision makers to introduce timely and effective public health measures. We estimate the time-varying effective reproduction number, Rt, during Aotearoa New Zealand’s August 2021 outbreak of the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2, by fitting the publicly available EpiNow2 model to New Zealand case data. While we do not explicitly model non-pharmaceutical interventions or vaccination coverage, these two factors were the leading drivers of variation in transmission in this period and we describe how changes in these factors coincided with changes in Rt. Alert Level 4, New Zealand’s most stringent restriction setting which includes stay-at-home measures, was initially effective at reducing the median Rtto 0.6 (90% CrI 0.4, 0.8) on 29 August 2021. As New Zealand eased certain restrictions and switched from an elimination strategy to a suppression strategy, Rt subsequently increased to a median 1.3 (1.2, 1.4). Increasing vaccination coverage along with regional restrictions were eventually sufficient to reduce Rtbelow 1. The outbreak peaked at an estimated 198 (172, 229) new infected cases on 10 November, after which cases declined until January 2022. We continue to update Rtestimates in real time as new case data become available to inform New Zealand’s ongoing pandemic response.
isomiRTar: a comprehensive portal of pan-cancer 5′-isomiR targeting
Authors: Nersisyan Stepan , Gorbonos Aleksandra , Makhonin Alexey , Zhiyanov Anton , Shkurnikov Maxim , Tonevitsky Alexander
Published: October 2022

Inaccurate cleavage of pri- and pre-miRNA hairpins by Drosha and Dicer results in the generation of miRNA isoforms known as isomiRs. isomiRs with 5′-end variations (5′-isomiRs) create a new dimension in miRNA research since they have different seed regions and distinct targetomes. We developed isomiRTar (https://isomirtar.hse.ru)—a comprehensive portal that allows one to analyze expression profiles and targeting activity of 5′-isomiRs in cancer. Using the Cancer Genome Atlas sequencing data, we compiled the list of 1022 5′-isomiRs expressed in 9282 tumor samples across 31 cancer types. Sequences of these isomiRs were used to predict target genes with miRDB and TargetScan. The putative interactions were then subjected to the co-expression analysis in each cancer type to identify isomiR-target pairs supported by significant negative correlations. Downstream analysis of the data deposited in isomiRTar revealed both cancer-specific and cancer-conserved 5′-isomiR expression landscapes. Pairs of isomiRs differing in one nucleotide shift from 5′-end had poorly overlapping targetomes with the median Jaccard index of 0.06. The analysis of colorectal cancer 5′-isomiR-mediated regulatory networks revealed promising candidate tumor suppressor isomiRs: hsa-miR-203a-3p—+1, hsa-miR-192-5p—+1 and hsa-miR-148a-3p—0. In summary, we believe that isomiRTar will help researchers find novel mechanisms of isomiR-mediated gene silencing in different types of cancer.
Probiotics (Bacillus clausii) for Prevention of Late-onset Sepsis in Preterm Infants (<34 weeks): A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Namratha P , Joshi Chinmayi R , Patil Shailesh S , Murteli Vijaykumar B
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Late-onset Sepsis (LOS) causes significant morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Probiotics have been suggested to improve the integrity of mucosal barrier by modifying the enteric microflora and suppress the overgrowth and translocation of pathogens in the gut, thus preventing life- threatening infections. Although probiotics have a definite role in prevention of Necrotising Enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm neonates, their effect on prevention of LOS in preterm neonates is still uncertain. Aim: To evaluate the role of probiotics in reducing incidence of LOS in preterm neonates (<34 weeks). Materials and Methods: A double blinded randomised control trial was conducted in a tertiary care Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) in Karnataka, India between 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2019. Seventy haemodynamically stable preterm neonates, <34 weeks of Gestational Age (GA), were randomised into ‘Probiotic’ and ‘Placebo’ groups. The probiotic group (n=36) was prophylactically administered Bacillus clausii suspension at a dose of 2.5 mL per-oral (0.4×109 spores in 1 mL) BD with breast milk, from initiation of enteral feeds till seven days, discharge/ death/LOS, whichever was earlier. The placebo group (n=34) received breast milk with sterile water 2.5 mL per- oral BD. All the neonates were investigated and managed as per standard hospital protocol. Primary outcome of the study was to find the incidence of LOS. Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used for statistical analysis. Results: There was no significant difference between the probiotic vs placebo group, with respect to incidence of LOS (11.11% vs 17.64%; (p>0.05)) and duration of hospital stay (10.86±3.19 vs 11.23±2.98 days; (p>0.05)). However, incidence of feed intolerance in the probiotic group (11.11%) was significantly less than that the other (26%) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Probiotics, prophylactically fed enterally, did not reduce the incidence of LOS but provide a promising strategy to prevent feed intolerance in premature neonates.
Effects of Poultry Manure, Urban Waste Compost and NPK-20-10-10 on the Growth, Yield and Shelf-Life of Two Varieties of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in the Western Highlands of Cameroon
Authors: Chotangui Asafor Henry , Mandou Marie Solange , Beyegue-Djonko Honore , Tamfuh , Primus Azinwi , Atabontsa Delphine , Waa Swirri Christabel Shu , Tchapga Franck Junior Ngandjui , Kouam Eric Bertrand
Published: October 2022

Organic and inorganic farm inputs in the form of fertilizers is a management practice to improve soil fertility for the growth and development of cultivated crops. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth, yield and shelf-life response of cucumber (Classico F1 and Poinsett-76) to fertilizer applications. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in split plots with three repetitions of the treatments; Control (To: No fertilizer application), poultry manure (T1:20t          ha-1), urban waste compost (T2:20t ha-1), NPK-20-10-10 (T3:0.7t ha-1), poultry manure (10t ha-1)+NPK-20-10-10 (0.35t ha-1) (T4), poultry manure (10t ha-1)+urban waste compost (10t ha-1) (T5), urban waste compost (10t ha-1)+NPK-20-10-10 (0.35t ha-1) (T6). Collected data on growth and yield variables from emergence till harvest were analyzed for variation in R version 4.0.1. Results showed that variety and fertilizer had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on all growth variables with Classico F1 variety recording the highest mean values for all growth and yield variables. T1 recorded the highest in all growth variables (vine length, No. of leaves and stem diameter), except for the leaf area in T5 of Classico F1 (404.20 cm2) with the lowest in T0 of Poinsett-76 (87.87cm2). Variety, fertilizer treatments and interactions showed significant effects (P < 0.05) on yield variables. Classico F1 was superior to Poinsett-76, yielding 31.91tha-1 in T1 while Poinsett-76 produced 20.36tha-1 in the same treatment. The lowest yield was recorded in the control treatments (4.45 tha-1 for Poinsett-76 and 7.55 tha-1 for Classico F1). Shelf-life evaluation showed the highest weight loss (20%) in fruits obtained in NPK-20-10-10 treatments within 21 days of storage. These results revealed that the integration of poultry manure or urban waste compost and chemical fertilizer (NPK-20-10-10) improves the growth and yield of cucumber as well as the shelf-life of harvested fruits in the western highlands of Cameroon.
Cluster Demonstration on Integrated Nutrient Management in Dragon Fruit at Farmer Field of Aizawl District Mizoram, India
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Nongthombam Jotish , Chaudhary K. P. , Pandey Nitin Kumar , Shukla Rohit , Singh Brij Mohan
Published: October 2022

The cluster demonstration of dragon fruit at Muthi & Durtlang Village of Aizawl District has demonstrated under PKVY Programme in the year 2019. A total of 30 farmers were demonstrated for that KVK has provided altogether 1000 nos. of cutting from 2-3 years old strong and dark green healthy (damage free & pest free) and 300 nos. RCC pole 100 mm concrete post with the height of 2 m of selected beneficiaries. Each plant was fed 15-20 kg with organic inputs well decomposed FYM or poultry manure, coir compost and vermicompost along with bio-fertilizers and recommended dose of fertilizer: (500: 300:250 NPK and 100 each of Azotobacter, Phosphate Solubilizing and Potash Solubilizing Bacteria were applied to each plant g/plant/year.) Applied in three doses just before flowering (in April), fruit developing stage (July -August) and after harvesting time (in December).The results revealed that there were significant differences in term of vine length (196.26cm), vine thickness (19.03cm), number of vines per plant (5.98) over the farmers practices which was vine length (182.23cm), vine thickness (17.95cm), number of vines per plant (5.14) The results revealed that there were significant differences over farmer practices as influenced by technology demonstration treatment in both the demonstration year. The demonstrated technologies recorded average yield of 8.043 tone/ha which was 18.50 percent higher than the obtained with farmer’s practices of 6.787 tone/ha. The demonstrated field gave higher mean gross return (`USD 12763.70 /ha) and mean net returns (`USD 12155.91 /ha) with average benefit cost ratio of 1.14 compared to benefit cost ratio of 1.04 over farmer practices. The findings demonstrated that by implementing suggested technology, broccoli yield and economics can be improved.
Phage Therapy: A Golden Alternative to Antibiotics in the Era of Multidrug Resistance
Authors: Hassan A. , Mabekoje O. O. , Majiya H.
Published: October 2022

Phage treatment is a technique that has been used for over a century to treat bacterial illnesses by using bacterial viruses (phages). Antibiotics' overall reduction in efficacy has reignited interest in reexamining this procedure. Phage therapy may be utilized as an alternative to or a complement to antibiotic therapies, according to recent studies on the use of phages and their lytic proteins, specifically against multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.
Performance of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) under Different Levels of Phosphorus and Potassium in Combination with Biofertilizers
Authors: Lone Yasser Hussain , Sultan Tariq , Saad A. A. , Ahngar Tanveer Ahmad , Baba Zahoor Ahmad , Sheikh Mohammad Asif , Mir Mohammad Salim , Bashir Sabiya , – Rasool Faisul - Ur , Majid Shabeena , Mohammad Idrees , Haq Syed Inamul , Shah Ishfaq Majeed
Published: October 2022

A field experiment entitled “Performance of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) under different levels of phosphorus and potassium in combination with biofertilizers” was conducted at crop research farm of Division of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, during kharif 2018. The soil of the experimental field was clay loam in texture, neutral in reaction (pH = 6.9), low in available nitrogen, low in available phosphorus, medium in available potassium and medium in organic carbon. The experiment was laid in RBD design having nine treatments and three replications. The observation revealed that grain yield (10.57 qha-1), straw yield (18.94 qha-1), yield attributes was high with the application of RDF (30N+60P2O5+30K2O) kg ha-1 + seed inoculation with PSB and KSB than other treatments. The RDF+ seed inoculation with PSB and KSB recorded 15.89% high grain yield than RDF (30N+60P2O5+30K2O) kg ha-1. B:C was also recorded more with application of RDF + seed inoculation with PSB and KSB (2.99) and was followed by RDF + seed inoculation with PSB (2.62) whereas lowest benefit cost ration was recorded with control treatment (2.24).
Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions from Sandbox (Hura crepitans) Seed Methyl Ester
Authors: Onwe David Nwabueze , Bamgboye Adeleke Isaac
Published: October 2022

The finitude and environmental impact of petroleum fuels have led to the search of alternative fuels and biodiesel has proven to be an alternative fuel to petro-diesel with less environmental impact. Engine performance and exhaust emissions of Sandbox Methyl Ester (SBME) fuel were evaluated. Pure SBME (B100) was blended with diesel at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 50% volume designated B5, B10, B15, B20, B25 and B50 respectively. The diesel was used as a reference fuel. The fuel blends (B100-B5) and diesel was used to power a 4-stroke-single-cylinder diesel engine coupled to a dynamometer and a 7.5 kW alternator with varying loads. The brake specific fuel consumption (bsfc), brake power, thermal efficiency, carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and hydrocarbon emissions were evaluated.  The results of no-load to full-load indicated that diesel utilized the lowest bsfc of 0.14-0.62 kg/kW.h to produce the highest brake power of 5.6-3.7 kW. Similarly, the range of B5-B25 utilized bsfc of 0.16-0.86 kg/kW.h to produce the brake power of 5.1-2.9 kW. The brake thermal efficiency was 58-14% for diesel, and 52-10% for B5-B25. CO emission was reduced to 38.24-11.11% for B5 and 64.71-55.56% for B100. HC emission was reduced to 9.09-5.56% for B5 and 45.45-30.56% for B100. NOx emission increased with SBME concentration. The results obtained for the SBME engine performance and exhaust emissions established it as a potential fuel to power internal combustion engines.
Association Between Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Therapy and Incidence of Epilepsy in Patients With Hypertension
Authors: Doege Corinna , Luedde Mark , Kostev Karel
Published: October 2022

Importance

Arterial hypertension is associated with an increased incidence of epilepsy. Results from animal studies suggest that angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) therapy could inhibit epileptic seizures. However, there is a lack of clinical data to support the use of ARB therapy in humans.

Objective

To assess whether ARB therapy is associated with a decreased incidence of epilepsy in patients with hypertension.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study obtained data from the Disease Analyzer database (IQVIA) on patients aged 18 years or older who had hypertension and at least 1 antihypertensive drug prescription. Patients were treated at 1274 general practices between January 2010 and December 2020 in Germany. Data were available for 1 553 875 patients who had been prescribed at least 1 antihypertensive drug. Patients diagnosed with epilepsy before or up to 3 months after the index date were excluded. A total of 168 612 patients were included in propensity score matching. Patients treated with 1 of 4 antihypertensive drug classes (β-blockers, ARBs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers [CCBs]) were matched to each other using propensity scores.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome of the study was the incidence of epilepsy associated with ARB therapy compared with other antihypertensive drug classes. Cox regression models were used to study the association between the incidence of epilepsy and ARBs compared with all other antihypertensive drug classes as a group.

Results

The study included a total of 168 612 patients, with 42 153 in each antihypertensive drug class. The mean [SD] age of patients was 62.3 [13.5] years, and 21 667 (51.4%) were women. The incidence of epilepsy within 5 years was lowest among patients treated with ARBs (0.27% at 1 year, 0.63% at 3 years, 0.99% at 5 years) and highest among patients receiving β-blockers and CCBs (0.38% for both β-blockers and CCBs at 1 year; 0.91% for β-blockers and 0.93% for CCBs at 3 years; β-blockers, 1.47%; and CCBs, 1.48% at 5 years). Angiotensin receptor blocker therapy was associated with a significantly decreased incidence of epilepsy (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.65-0.90) compared with the other drug classes as a group.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of patients with hypertension, ARB therapy was associated with a significantly decreased incidence of epilepsy. The findings suggest antihypertensive drugs could be used as a novel approach for preventing epilepsy in patients with arterial hypertension.
Advancing the Neuropalliative Care Approach—A Call to Action
Authors: Holloway Robert G. , Kramer Neha M.
Published: October 2022

This Viewpoint advocates for the integration of neuropalliative care as a vital practice for supporting patients with neurological disease and their families.
Gender-Affirming Chest Reconstruction Among Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adolescents in the US From 2016 to 2019
Authors: Das Rishub Karan , Perdikis Galen , Al Kassis Salam , Drolet Brian C.
Published: October 2022

This cross-sectional study examines the incidence, demographic characteristics, and cost associated with masculinizing and feminizing chest surgical procedures among individuals younger than 18 years.
Radical SAM enzymes: Nature's choice for radical reactions
Authors: Broderick Joan B. , Broderick William E. , Hoffman Brian M.
Published: October 2022

Enzymes that use a [4Fe‐4S]1+ cluster plus S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine (SAM) to initiate radical reactions (radical SAM) form the largest enzyme superfamily, with over half a million members across the tree of life. This review summarizes recent work revealing the radical SAM reaction pathway, which ultimately liberates the 5′‐deoxyadenosyl (5′‐dAdo•) radical to perform extremely diverse, highly regio‐ and stereo‐specific, transformations. Most surprising was the discovery of an organometallic intermediate Ω exhibiting an Fe‐C5′‐adenosyl bond. Ω liberates 5′‐dAdo• through homolysis of the Fe–C5′ bond, in analogy to Co–C5′ bond homolysis in B12, previously viewed as biology's paradigmatic radical generator. The 5′‐dAdo• has been trapped and characterized in radical SAM enzymes via a recently discovered photoreactivity of the [4Fe‐4S]+/SAM complex, and has been confirmed as a catalytically active intermediate in enzyme catalysis. The regioselective SAM S–C bond cleavage to produce 5′‐dAdo• originates in the Jahn–Teller effect. The simplicity of SAM as a radical precursor, and the exquisite control of 5′‐dAdo• reactivity in radical SAM enzymes, may be why radical SAM enzymes pervade the tree of life, while B12 enzymes are only a few.
Ion Exchange Membranes: Constructing and Tuning Ion Transport Channels
Authors: Zuo Peipei , Xu Ziang , Zhu Qing , Ran Jin , Ge Liang , Ge Xiaolin , Wu Liang , Yang Zhengjin , Xu Tongwen
Published: October 2022

Ion exchange membranes (IEMs) that can selectively transport ions are crucial to a variety of applications, such as ion extraction/separation, fuel cells, redox flow batteries, and water electrolysis. IEM performance, in terms of membrane permeability/conductivity and selectivity, relies heavily on the formation of effective ion transport channels within the membranes, and there exists a tradeoff between permeability/conductivity and selectivity, which obstructs the development and widespread adoption of IEM‐based processes. To overcome this tradeoff and to advance IEM‐related applications, extensive research efforts are devoted to the construction and tuning of ion transport channels, and various strategies are proposed. These strategies mainly include 1) inducing microphase separation by properly regulating the polymer architecture, 2) introducing a third phase/region for ion transfer, 3) realizing a high free volume with polyrotaxanes or polymers with sterically bulky groups, and 4) constructing ion transport channels with nanoporous materials. These strategies are outlined and summarized in this review. Perspectives and future research directions are also discussed.
Cryo‐EM Studies of Atomic‐Scale Structures of Interfaces in Garnet‐Type Electrolyte Based Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Dai Qiushi , Yao Jingming , Du Congcong , Ye Hongjun , Gao Zhiying , Zhao Jun , Chen Jingzhao , Su Yong , Li Hui , Fu Xingjie , Yan Jitong , Zhu Dingding , Zhang Xuedong , Li Mingyu , Luo Zhenya , Qiu Hailong , Huang Qiao , Zhang Liqiang , Tang Yongfu , Huang Jianyu
Published: October 2022

High interfacial impedance is a major obstacle in the application of solid‐state Li metal batteries (SSLMBs). Understanding the atomic‐scale structure of the interfaces in SSLMBs is thus critical to their practical implementations. However, due to the beam sensitivity of battery materials, such information is not accessible by conventional electron microscopy (EM). Herein, by using cryogenic‐EM (cryo‐EM), the atomic‐scale structures of interfaces in garnet electrolyte based SSLMBs are revealed. A LiF‐rich interlayer exhibiting intimate contacts with both Li and LLZTO is shown, thus rendering uniform Li+ transport across the interface in turn inhibiting Li dendrite growth. Consequently, the Li symmetric cell based on the LiF‐rich interlayer exhibits a high critical current density of 3.2 mA cm−2 and a long lifespan over 1800 cycles at 1 mA cm−2. Moreover, a full cell with a LiNi0.88Co0.1Al0.02O2 cathode at a high mass loading ≈12 mg cm−2 reached over 400 cycles at 1.2 mA cm−2, which represents a major progress in the performance of the garnet‐type SSLMBs. This study provides atomic‐scale understanding of interfaces in SSLMBs and an effective strategy to design dendrite‐free SSLMBs for practical applications.
Polarons in Conjugated Polyelectrolytes: A First‐Principles Perspective
Authors: Wan Yangyang , Zhang Xu , Bazan Guillermo C. , Nguyen Thuc‐Quyen , Lu Gang
Published: October 2022

Conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) comprised of conjugated backbones and pendant ionic functionalities are versatile organic semiconductors with myriad optoelectronic applications. Although polarons are dominant charge carriers in conducting CPEs owing to strong electron‐phonon coupling, their properties are not well understood, especially from a first‐principles perspective. In this study, a comprehensive study on the stability, structural deformation, electronic structure, and optical absorption of positive (or hole)/negative (or electron) polarons and bi‐polarons in CPEs is conducted. It is explored how these properties depend on the electrostatic interaction between the polarons and ionic functionalities, including alkyl chains, ionic groups, and counterions. It is then examined how the bandgap, polaron binding energy, and optoelectronic structure of CPEs can be tuned by various combinations of the donor and acceptor units in their backbones. Finally, electrochemical stability of CPEs is studied and light is shed on the absence of negative polarons in CPEs. The strategy to improve the electrochemical stability of n‐doped CPEs is also discussed.