bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluación del ambiente educativo en el currículo tradicional de la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile en el año previo a la reforma curricular
Authors: Carvajal Labra Ignacio , Chacón De La Cruz Tomás , Fuenzalida Bahamondes Nicolás , Fuentes Garcés Camila , Lee Ángulo Katherine , Peralta Camposano José
Published: December 2024

Introducción: El año 2013 la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile implementa la reforma curricular. Un foco de atención en la Innovación Curricular es el Ambiente Educativo, factor determinante en la creación de un plan de estudio eficaz.
Objetivos: Evaluar el Ambiente Educativo del currículo tradicional de la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile previo a la Innovación Curricular.
Materiales y Métodos: Estudio tipo descriptivo, cuantitativo, no experimental y transversal mediante el cuestionario Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) aplicado a estudiantes de primero a quinto año de la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile el año 2012.
Resultados: La encuesta DREEM fue aplicado a 761 estudiantes. El Ambiente Educativo global fue evaluado “más positivo que negativo” con un puntaje total de 114/200. Se observa diferencias significativas en el puntaje total en tercer nivel respecto del resto. Las subescalas Percepción de la Enseñanza y Percepción Social obtuvieron bajos puntajes. Enseñanza centrada en el docente, falta de participación activa, deficiente distribución horaria, estrés y copia en exámenes destacan como principales problemas.
Discusión: El puntaje total obtenido se correlaciona con currículos no innovados en la literatura. Evaluar el Ambiente Educativo permite realizar un valioso análisis de las fortalezas y debilidades del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje, como también dirigir los esfuerzos en futuras intervenciones en pro de la excelencia y calidad académica. Este estudio establece un precedente para futuros análisis del Ambiente Educativo del currículo innovado establecido.
Síndrome de piel escaldada estafilocócico: revisión y reporte de un caso
Authors: Fuentes Bagolini Matías , Peruilh Bagolini Leonardo , Parra Pizarro José , Neely Erdös Gabriel
Published: December 2024

Introducción: El síndrome estafilocócico de la piel escaldada (SSSS) es la forma más grave de compromiso cutánea causada por toxinas exfoliativas producidas por el Staphylococcus aureus (SA).
Caso Clínico: Se reporta el caso de una niña de 2 años de edad, con un cuadro de máculas eritematosas peri-orificiales que evolucionan en 48 horas a lesiones con denudamiento epidérmico periorificial y en pliegues. En el estudio destaca leucocitosis leve y cultivo de exudado faríngeo positivo para SA multisensible. Se realiza el diagnóstico de SSSS y se inicia tratamiento antibiótico con cefadroxilo y medidas locales (gazas parafinadas y lubricación con vaselina), con buena respuesta y remisión progresiva del cuadro.
Discusión: El SSSS se produce principalmente en neonatos o niños menores a 5 años. El diagnóstico es eminentemente clínico, donde destaca la presencia de fiebre leve a moderada, aparición de lesiones ampollares y denudamiento cutáneo de extensión variable. En ocasiones es posible aislar el SA en el sitio de infección primaria, lo que resulta útil para ajustar el tratamiento antibiótico según el antibiograma. Si bien es una patología infrecuente, se presenta este caso que ilustra un diagnóstico oportuno y tratamiento adecuado y precoz, lo cual es relevante para disminuir la morbimortalidad de la patología.
Manifestaciones cardiovasculares de las enfermedades reumatológicas sistémicas
Authors: Erlij Opazo. Daniel
Published: December 2024

Las enfermedades reumatológicas sistémicas se caracterizan por una enorme y variada cantidad manifestaciones clínicas. En relación a las manifestaciones cardiovasculares, destaca por un lado el fenómeno de ateroesclerosis acelerada con las consecuencias respectivas a nivel miocárdico y por otro, la afectación cardíaca primaria, la cual puede comprometer a todas las estructuras del corazón, con claros matices según la enfermedad específica. El compromiso cardiovascular es de suma relevancia en cuanto tiene una directa repercusión en la morbimortalidad de estos enfermos y por ello debe tenerse en cuenta en la evaluación de todo paciente con estas patologías. La presente revisión tiene como objetivo describir las manifestaciones cardiovasculares en las enfermedades reumatológicas sistémicas más importantes.
Lesiones de volleyball en Torneos Inter Facultades 2018 de la Universidad de Chile
Authors: Cortés León Rodrigo , Astudillo Marchant Rocío , Ocampo Sepúlveda Javiera , Barraza Sandoval Ana María
Published: December 2024

Introducción: En la Universidad de Chile se desarrollan competencias deportivas internas entre los diversos campus y/o facultades. Las competencias más masivas son los Torneos Inter Facultades (TIF), en los cuales se realizan 20 fechas de Volleyball, 8 el primer semestre y 12 el segundo semestre.
Objetivos: Caracterizar las atenciones de salud de los Torneos-Inter-Facultades (TIF) de Volleyball, definiendo el segmento corporal y el tipo de lesión más frecuente, separados por sexo.
Materiales y Métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo. Se consideraron las 20 fechas TIF de Volleyball realizadas el 2018 en Campo Deportivo Juan Gómez Millas y Gimnasio Dominica. Participaron 429 deportistas: 198 hombres y 231 mujeres. Se consideró como criterio de inclusión la consulta espontánea por lesiones generadas en la competencia o la reagudización de lesión previa durante la competencia, se excluyó a quienes no cumplieran estos requisitos.
Resultados: Se realizaron 7 atenciones, 3 en hombres y 4 en mujeres, y 8 lesiones, 3 en hombres y 5 en mujeres. Sin lesión predominante en hombres; y las de manos/dedos en mujeres (60%), seguidas por tobillo y rodilla. El tipo de lesión más frecuente fue esguince en mujeres (80%) y muscular en hombres (66.6%) y en segundo lugar la rotura ligamentosa en mujeres (20%) y esguince en hombres (33.3%).
Discusión: En la recopilación realizada se obtuvo resultados discordantes respecto a la zona corporal más frecuentemente afectada y el tipo de lesión más frecuente. Como principales limitaciones del registro realizado están el bajo número total de atenciones y considerar solo la consulta espontánea de los participantes.
Caracterización de lesiones en la 8º versión de la Corrida Aniversario Universidad de Chile 2018
Authors: Barraza Sandoval Ana María , Ocampo Sepúlveda Javiera Isabel , Astudillo Marchant Rocío Denisse , Cortés León Rodrigo Ignacio
Published: December 2024

Introducción: Las carreras de calle se han popularizado, constituyendo una alternativa para realizar actividad física regular. Durante el año 2018 tuvo lugar la Corrida Aniversario Universidad de Chile con aproximadamente 3.000 participantes, que como toda práctica deportiva, posee factores de riesgo (individuales, ambiente y técnica), predisponiendo a la aparición de lesiones y/o exacerbaciones de éstas, así como patologías preexistentes.
Objetivos: Cuantificar la necesidad de atención en salud en las competencias internas de la Universidad de Chile, en miras a postular a un Fondo de Desarrollo Institucional del Ministerio de Educación (FDI MINEDUC) con el cual financiar materiales para cubrir dicha necesidad.
Materiales y Métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo. Los datos analizados se obtuvieron de la Corrida Aniversario Universidad de Chile 2018. El total de participantes efectivos inscritos fue 2.140 personas. Se incluyeron las atenciones por consulta espontánea, debido a: lesiones, agudización de lesiones o exacerbación de patologías previas, ocurridas durante la carrera. Se excluyó la atención de participantes no inscritos.
Resultados, discusiones y conclusiones: 34 atenciones fueron incluidas. Los resultados fueron similares en tendencia a los descritos en la literatura en cuanto a regiones corporales afectadas. Preponderaron lesiones de la extremidad inferior (64,7%), seguidas por las sistémicas (23,5%), extremidad superior y tronco. Además, fueron más frecuentes las afecciones musculoesqueléticas (52,9%), cutáneas (23,5%), y por último, alteraciones tanto de la esfera respiratoria (8,8%), como patologías por efecto del calor y la luz (8,8%). Las lesiones cutáneas predominaron en el género femenino y las osteotendinosas en el masculino. No se encontraron tendencias claras en la distribución de lesiones respecto a distancia del circuito, ni relacionadas a sus preexistencias, lo que no permite llegar a una conclusión. Limitantes del estudio fueron el pequeño número total de atenciones y el tipo de formulario de datos utilizado, que confina la muestra solo a consultas espontáneas de participantes.
Inmunoterapia sublingual como alternativa al tratamiento actual de la rinitis alérgica
Authors: Garchitorena Marqués María Jesús , Sabat Sarras Karime , González Almonacid Cecilia
Published: December 2024

La rinitis es una de las principales patologías alérgicas tanto en niños como adultos y sus síntomas deterioran la calidad de vida de estos pacientes. La principal terapia actual es la farmacológica en base a antihistamínicos y corticoides, sin embargo, son tratamientos usados por periodos prolongados y muchas veces no causan alivio sintomático. Es por esto, que se ha planteado como alternativa la inmunoterapia sublingual, siendo una de las más empleadas la de ácaros de polvo doméstico (HDM), por lo que el objetivo de esta revisión fue estudiar la eficacia de ésta en pacientes de 12 a 85 años con historia de larga data de rinitis alérgica. En base a la literatura, podemos afirmar que esta terapia es efectiva en reducir los principales síntomas como estornudo, prurito nasal, congestión nasal, rinorrea, picazón ocular, lagrimeo e incluso presentar mejoras en calidad de vida y sueño además de ser segura para los pacientes. No obstante, queda en duda su efectividad a largo plazo y su definición como terapia curativa.
Injuria miocárdica por isquemia
Authors: Yévenes Álvaro , González Lucas
Published: December 2024

La isquemia miocárdica tiene como terapia indiscutible la reperfusión, la cual no resulta ser del todo inocua. Dada su reciente masificación en la población, los estudios en la búsqueda de una solución a este evento adverso describen comúnmente el mecanismo más estudiado de muerte celular por reperfusión y no así por isquemia. A su vez, resulta de mayor dificultad encontrar actualizaciones del daño exclusivo por isquemia, lo que podría explicarse por el menor campo de acción terapéutico existente desde el nivel molecular. La presente revisión tiene por objetivo describir el mecanismo de daño miocárdico exclusivamente por isquemia.
Cuerpos extraños rectales: revisión bibliográfica actualizada
Authors: Santiago Hermosilla Ignacia , Peña Zacconi Jasmín , González Johnson Lucas , Vicuña Viera Eduardo
Published: December 2024

Introducción: Los cuerpos extraños rectales (CER) han aumentado en incidencia durante los últimos años, sin embargo, existen escasos datos epidemiológicos a la fecha. Su manejo representa en general un desafío para el cirujano por la variabilidad de presentaciones. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir y analizar las publicaciones nacionales e internacionales sobre CER durante la última década.
Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos Medline (PubMed) y Google Académico, incluyendo publicaciones desde el año 2010 al 2021.
Resultados: Se obtuvieron 29 resultados, eliminando aquellas enfocadas en cuerpos extraños extra-rectales y lesiones rectales de otras etiologías. Existe un predominio masculino en casos de CER, con una relación de hasta 28:1 y mayor incidencia entre 20- 40 años. Un 35.8% de los casos fueron secundarios a estimulación sexual, 50,6% con causa no informada y 5.2% por agresión de terceros. Los síntomas cardinales son dolor anal o constipación. La mayoría de los CER pueden ser diagnosticados mediante radiografías (Rx) de abdomen y pelvis, sin embargo, una Rx negativa no lo descarta. Se describen múltiples técnicas de extracción, dependiendo del tipo de objeto y del riesgo o sospecha de complicaciones; siendo las más frecuentes laceraciones de esfínter y/o mucosa anal, obstrucción intestinal y perforación.
Discusión: La bibliografía respecto a CER es escasa actualmente, sin embargo, se espera que su incidencia aumente; por lo que es importante que el personal de salud tenga en consideración su posibilidad diagnóstica conozca las opciones de manejo.
Actualización en el tratamiento de la fisura anal aguda y crónica
Authors: González Johnson Lucas , Peña Zacconi Jasmín , Santiago Hermosilla Ignacia
Published: December 2024

La fisura anal es una de las patologías anorrectales benignas más común. Estas se clasifican en primarias o secundarias y agudas o crónicas. La fisura anal son resultado de fuerzas opuestas que separan la mucosa anal más allá de su capacidad normal, generando ulcera o laceración del borde anal debajo de la línea dentada, un aérea altamente sensible, y provoca un circulo vicioso en que el esfínter anal interno expuesto inicia con contracciones espásticas repetitivas que causan isquemia persistente y una cicatrización más difícil. Los pacientes típicamente se presentan con defecación dolorosa, el tratamiento es médico o quirúrgico. El objetivo de esta revisión es presentar aspectos generales y específicos en el tratamiento actual de la fisura anal, incluyendo el pilar de medidas generales, tratamiento medico y tratamiento quirúrgico.
Analisis Kesulitan Membaca Pemahaman Peserta Didik Kelas Tinggi
Authors: Destini Frida , Hariyanto  , Syafrudin Ulwan , Pangestu Deviyanti , Nabila Nila Amalia
Published: December 2024

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini berkaitan dengan kesulitan dalam membaca pemahaman yang dialami peserta didik di kelas tinggi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan mengkaji dan memaparkan kesulitan dalam membaca pemahaman yang terjadi pada peserta didik serta hal-hal yang memengaruhi kesulitan tersebut pada peserta didik kelas tinggi di UPTD SDN 1 Sumberejo. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan menerapkan pendekatan kualitatif dengan sumber data yang meliputi peserta didik, pendidik serta orang tua dari peserta didik. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas tinggi di UPTD SDN 1 Sumberejo. Untuk mengumpulkan data, penelitian ini mengaplikasikan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Temuan dari penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan adalah terdapat peserta didik di kelas tinggi yang masih menghadapi kesulitan dalam memahami bacaan, yang tercermin melalui lima indikator utama kesulitan dalam membaca pemahaman. Faktor internal dan juga eksternal diidentifikasi sebagai penyebab utama hambatan dalam memahami bacaan tersebut.
Scenos fenomenologija. E. Nekrošius skaito K. Donelaitį ir Dante
Authors: Vasinauskaitė Rasa
Published: December 2024

Article analyses the plays directed by Eimuntas Nekrošius: "The Beginning. K. Donelaitis. Seasons" (2003), following the poem by Kristijonas Donelaitis and Dante's "The Divine Comedy" (2012). The analysis invokes the phenomenological method enabling to identify the most important creative features of the director and the mentioned plays. Phenomenology suggests evaluating theatrical action not as signified or encoded text but as living, mutating body, presentation of things on stage and actor's flesh. Spectator is considered not as consciousness objectively decoding signs of play but rather as incarnated subject perceiving play and its meanings through [individual] sensational experiences and imagination. In this respect Nekrošius direction is based on contemporaneity of stage action, flesh of performance and materiality of space which is very close for phenomenological reading actualizing the simultaneity of creation and perception. The aspects distinguished in the article of Nekrošius theater and its theatrical language – dialog with creation / author and play perceivers, ascribing new life to a recognizable common thing, formalizing of scenic expression through gesture and movement and especially the accentuation of intuition and imagination both in creational and perceptual processes – let the director to be named as scenic phenomenologist.He is the kind of creator who does not argue or propose his world evaluation or perception as the only possible, but with the help of his reading / interpretation he rather invites his audience to interpret / perceive the world individually. It is here that his increasing choice for creation works ignoring one-sided position and junctions of conflict forces comes from; many-voiced and many-directional, dramaturgically "not bound" (the director is "bound" only to his own style) composition of scenic action; performance neighbouring with expressive gesture, movement which is nearly dancing. All that makes up what awakes sensations not only of those who create but also of those who observe and who are born in this simultaneous space of the birth and perception of play.
Kultūra ir lietuvybė strateginėje Lietuvos raidos vizijoje
Authors: Rubavičius Vytautas
Published: December 2024

How does Lithuanian culture unfold in the national development and strategic political visions? Why has the understanding of the importance of culture has decayed during the years after the regaining of Independence? These questions are considered
through the development of a theoretical insight of culture – culture is perceived as
a mother tongue based totality of historically developing practical ways of cohabitation with the natural, historical, and neighboring environment, as a visual, symbolic
heritage of the material forms and the ways of its use and “raising”. Culture is always locational, whose primal task is to support communal ties, thus social identities.
Existential relationships among culture, location and identities are discussed. Also
the characteristic features of the system of culture functioning in the environment
of globalization and European integration are determined. Relying on theoretical insights and the perception of new cultural trends, the vision of the Lithuania’s progress
strategy Lithuania in 2030 is analysed, extracting its ideological assumptions and
“deculturing” nature of the activity. This document is compared to the Estonian one
which sets a major strategic development goal of strengthening Estonianness that can
only be realised using the means and methods provided by culture.
„Vyrų pabaiga“, arba skirtingi moterų ir vyrų keliai šiandien
Authors: Repšienė Rita
Published: December 2024

Heritage, history, traditions shaped the modern worldview, static relationships between men and women, social order and their different values in the cultural unity.
Surprising developments in society, as the loss of patriarchal masculinity and female
„take off“, reveal the inevitable changes in the needs of transformations, which indicate the necessity for new forms of identity. Notable global transformation trends
include an entire range of political, business, cultural and peer relations. The 21st century, the age of sincerity (genuine thinking) as Fredric Jameson had called it, provided
the „weak“ sex with several rituals, cognitive and symbolic options, such as to change,
choose, seek and devalue the dominance of patriarchal values imposed. Liberation
does not testimonies sex progression, it is an attempt to look for a meaningful way
out of the current threatening situation, which nationally takes on catastrophic scales.
Lithuania is the leader in the European Union in terms of marriages with foreigners,
thus thinking about the future of our nation, we find ourselves in the crossroad of fatal
demographic losses and important ethical decisions.
E-erosas ir žmogiškumo ribos
Authors: Žukauskienė Odeta
Published: December 2024

This article explores the images of artificially created woman produced in futuristic
films and literary works that embodies our utopian visions and presentiments about
the future. Spike Jonze’s film Her (2014), in which the main character falls in love
with an operating system OS1
“Samantha”, becomes the starting point of articulating
the research problem. This film provokes viewers to take a closer look at the artificial
corporeality and the interpretations of feminine Eros in popular culture, which all the
same as media studies give rise to the critical reflections on relationships between human being and technological environments that have radically changed the social life
during the last decades. The film conveys the evolving relationship between humans
and digital-era technology and the loos of corporeality which provokes to explore the
prototypes of these artificial woman images and its transformations, reflecting about
the convergence of the material body (as well as spiritual sole) and machine, the new
logic of love and the crisis of sexuality.
The images of artificially created woman body are not only the simple images of popular culture, but also the trajectory of the latter, revealing certain features of contemporary human imagination and identity. Some of them exist as the mirrors of industrial
culture models, highlighting the cult of the artificial body established in the 20th century. Others attempts to describe the processes of new technology-induced change
that not only evokes visions of disincarnate beings, artificial consciousness and soul,
but also reveals some important features of an emerging society, e-transformation of
Eros, and shows that the technology becomes the extension of human body as well
as the inner world (memory, emotions, passions). The dissemination of these images
reveals highly sensitive issues relating to the human being, authentic existence, the
difference between a technology (software) and humans.
Utopinio eroso natūralizmas: apybraiža sovietinės ideologijos ir dailės (istorijos) temomis
Authors: Šapoka Kęstutis
Published: December 2024

This article discusses some aspects of the utopian New human development that are
closely linked with the sphere of sexuality in a broad sense. Two sculptures of the
sculptor Bronius Zalensas – „Pigsty Joy“ (1950) and „Tenderness“ (1970), associated
with the metaphorical symbolism of this utopian project, also show macabre utopia
essence and illustrate the degradation of experiment.
During the first part of the 20th century, modern science has reached a level where it
seemed possible to defeat all the „imperfect“ laws of nature and transform them in accordance with the human needs: scientists began to wade into „the divine garden“ and
devastate it. The weakening of religious norms in Europe and partly running Darwin‘s
theory of evolution has lead to taking interest on animal and human kinship (almost)
at the genetic level. If a man and an animal evolved from a common ancestor, having restored the lost link of evolution, it is possible to restore or create the „common
ancestor“. At first, human rejuvenation surgery became popular by providing people
with ape gonad. It led to the idea of cross-fertilization between a man and an ape, in
other words, the idea of Eros elevated to a new level. Particular interest in the creation of a new race, as well as in the human-animal breed was paid by the totalitarian
countries – Third Reich Germany and Soviet Russia, who propagated the ideas of the
Cultural Revolution. Experiments of artificial fertilizing the female chimpanzees with
human seed, or in the opposite, carried out by the Russian scientist Ilya Ivanov, were
unsuccessful.
Vizualumo delyras: pasaulio įvykių dramaturgija ir stebėjimas
Authors: Žukauskienė Odeta
Published: December 2024

The article explores the increasing power and influence of images. Turned into a weapon, visuality produces pseudo reality, the visions of war and conflicts, manipulates images and visual perspectives. Therefore, the various modus of visuality became a tool for political, ideological battles and terrorism. The groups of terrorist exploit the mass communication media and image technologies. Jihadist’s acts also include a variety of communication media, visual tactics, and aesthetic means. The mediated images of the destruction of Palmyra and other dramatic examples reveal that visuality became the part of geopolitical strategy. However, it is important to analyse not only the intensive production of the images of accidents, but also a social viewing practices and perception. The media coverage and public reception of terrorist act in the Charlie Hebdo show that it is necessary to reflect critically on the viewing practices, voyeuristic gaze, desire of images and aesthetic effects stimulated by new technologies, as well as passive, cynical, consumerist attitude gaining ground in contemporary society.
Šiuolaikinės medijos, „naujoji“ mitologija ir kultūros (de)komunikacija
Authors: Repšienė Rita
Published: December 2024

Today’s changes, caused by the changing rhetoric of eurointegration and globalization, reveal a difficult situation of identity preservation, nurturing and survival. In the
face of emerging actuality as (dez) orientation of mediality and “network” technology,
it is important to assess global threats and shape a cultural worldview capable of developing critical thinking, creative ambitions and unifying priorities. Cultural policy,
as an essential position in the formation and identity and statehood, must free itself
from the clutches of formality and become a real power of content, fulfilling important,
topical strategic goals and providing meaningful values to society. Creating a cultural
strategy should be in line with the realities of the present and focus on new challenges
that create a sense of identity for the society that is experiencing the overall impactof
virtuality. After the communicative turn, as the media become an essential information tool and sociality changes, it is important to reveal the complexity of the situation
and propose positive solutions. In the context of national “value” leveling, the challenges associated with the loss of meaningful orientations drawing attention to the
importance of cultural literacy and education as an opportunity to know, create, and
survive in an increasingly “flattening” world.
Socialinis konstruktyvizmas – priemonė tautinės tapatybės problemoms? Baltarusių atvejis
Authors: Rudkouski Piotr
Published: December 2024

Nuo 1990 metų socialinis konstruktyvizmas prasiskverbė į postsvietinių šalių naciologijos
debatus ir greitai tapo madingesne prieiga nei alternatyvios. Konstruktyvizmui tapus prioritetiniu naciologijos debatuose, metodologiniai nuopelnai dažnai pernelyg sureikšminami.
Šiame straipsnyje autorius pateikia tam tikrus priekaištus konstruktyvizmui: paremtus argumento ad novitatem piktnaudžiavimu ir įmantraus žodyno diegimu. Šio metodo atstovai
pernelyg nesirūpina bazinių konceptų operacionabilumu ir pagrindinių aiškinimų prielaidomis, nors pretenduoja į europinio naciologijos diskurso lyderystę. Straipsnyje siūlomi
argumentai, kurie atskleidžia silpną metodologinį šios pretenzijos pagrindimą.
Vaizdas kaip atminties medija
Authors: Žukauskienė Odeta
Published: December 2024

Memory and visuality are two trajectories of the modern world that have led to
a regular change of culture. From the second half of the 20th century nostalgia
combines with repentance, memories with reminiscences, turning our gaze back
to the past, collective and individual experience, but at the same time the supply
of various images, expanded by creative engineering, increases. The processes
of memorialisation are gradually overshadowed by the mediation and industrialisation of memory, supported by globally operating techno-liberalism. The
overwhelmed culture of images also experiences significant transformations.
Global visuality has influenced the field of culture, not only by captivating the
attention, changing the trajectories of the sight, but also shifting the meanings
of memory, cultural reflections and institutional practices. Memory and visual
culture studies are usually explored in different theoretical fields, so this article
aims to discuss their interactions and synergies that reveal a wider spectrum of
socio-cultural transformations.
formação em engenharia civil no Brasil imperial a partir da Escola Politécnica
Authors: Fontana Laura Roberta , Mesquita de Monteiro Marinho Pedro Eduardo
Published: December 2024

O artigo analisa a institucionalização dos engenheiros civis no Brasil, um grupo profissional nascente na segunda metade do século XIX. Para tanto, investiga o contexto de emergência da engenharia como saber institucionalizado, no mundo e no Brasil. Em seu desenvolvimento, procura analisar os agentes que encabeçaram esse processo na década de 1870 no país, a partir da formação da Escola Politécnica, no Rio de Janeiro, em 1874. Pretende-se ainda demonstrar a existência de um núcleo dirigente na congregação de docentes da Politécnica que, inseridos em outros espaços associativos e com características e estratégias comuns em suas trajetórias, conduziram à formação de um habitus desse grupo profissional.
Água e civilizações
Authors: Maia Hélio José Santos
Published: December 2024

O artigo explora a relação intrínseca entre a água e o desenvolvimento das civilizações ao longo da história, abordando tanto os sucessos quanto os colapsos associados ao manejo dos recursos hídricos. Tem como objetivo investigar o impacto histórico da má gestão da água nos colapsos sociais, conflitos e crises hídricas atuais. Além disso, explora a aplicabilidade da diplomacia da água na gestão eficaz dos recursos hídricos. O artigo origina-se de um estudo maior em história ambiental e faz parte dessa investigação. Utiliza uma abordagem qualitativa com metodologia de pesquisa bibliográfica e termos indutores foram usados para pesquisar artigos relevantes em vários bancos de dados acadêmicos. Os artigos escolhidos foram os mais recentes e consistentes com os objetivos da pesquisa. A análise começa destacando o papel central da água na formação de paisagens geográficas e na prosperidade de antigas civilizações hidráulicas que desenvolveram sistemas avançados de gestão da água. Examinam-se casos históricos de colapsos de civilizações devido ao manejo inadequado da água, oferecendo uma visão crítica e ressaltando a importância do manejo responsável dos recursos naturais para evitar cenários semelhantes. Explorando a contemporaneidade, o trabalho destaca crises hídricas, conflitos geopolíticos e disputas atuais em torno da água. Além disso, aborda a diplomacia da água como uma atuação eficaz para prevenir conflitos, destacando acordos internacionais e programas de gestão de bacias hidrográficas compartilhadas. O artigo conclui ressaltando os desafios futuros, incluindo a crescente demanda global por água, mudanças climáticas e urbanização.
Riqueza, abundancia y diversidad de aves en ecosistemas antropizados y no antropizados del corredor seco nicaragüense
Authors: López Benavides Kenny , Urrutia Rodríguez Josué Tomas , Leiva García Enmanuel de Jesús , McCrary Jeffrey K. , Filella Jordi Bartolomé
Published: December 2024

Los bosques son importantes para el mantenimiento de la diversidad de especies y la regulación del clima global. El bosque seco tropical es uno de los ecosistemas boscosos más diversos y más amenazados, especialmente por expansión de agricultura. Se compararon la riqueza, abundancia y diversidad de las comunidades de aves en hábitats antropizados y no antropizados del corredor seco nicaragüense: tres agro-ecosistemas con cultivos con cosecha de agua, bosque seco con predominio de Quercus segoviensis Liebm y bosque ripario. Se observaron 2,155 individuos distribuidos en 106 taxones y 34 familias. La familia Tyrannidae fue la más representada con 207 individuos y 16 taxones. El gremio alimenticio de mayor abundancia en los tres agro-ecosistemas fue insectívoro, y también, en el bosque de roble, mientras en el bosque ripario, fue frugívoro. Los tres agro-ecosistemas tuvieron composición de taxones de aves más parecidas y también composición de gremios alimenticios de aves, que los dos sistemas menos antropizados. Se documentaron tres especies de alta prioridad de conservación. El amplio mosaico de sistemas antropizados tiene un efecto aditivo en la comunidad de aves en el corredor seco nicaragüense.
Investigation of Current Approaches in Rehabilitation of Chronic Respiratory Diseases: Salt Therapy and Exercise
Authors: Yılmaz Ramazan Cihad , Demirtaş Karaoba Dilan , Perçin Alper
Published: December 2024

This study aims to examine studies in which salt therapy and exercise were considered together in chronic respiratory diseases. For this purpose, studies in Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Researchgate, and Scopus academic databases were examined between 2020 and 2024. In the literature, it is seen that patients achieve physical, psychological, and social gains as a result of separate applications of salt therapy and exercise. However, it is striking that studies in which both are considered together are quite limited. In this context, when the results of studies in which salt therapy and exercise are combined are examined, it is seen that considering both types of therapy together can strengthen the benefits obtained more. In this regard, there is a need for studies with a high level of evidence in which salt therapy, also called speleotherapy and halotherapy, is considered together with exercise.
Major complications and in-hospital mortality of stroke patients admitted in a geriatric hospital: an retrospective study in Korea
Authors: Choi Byung Joon , Kim Daehoon , Ha Sang Ook , Park Young Sun , Yang Won Seok , Kim Jin Hyouk
Published: December 2024

Background: In Korea, many stroke patients receive medical care in geriatric hospitals after the acute management phase. However, the clinical characteristics of stroke patients admitted to geriatric hospitals have not been well-defined. This study aimed to investigate the medical and neurological complications as well as in-hospital mortality rates of stroke patients admitted to a geriatric hospital. Methods: Between January 2004 and December 2006, all stroke patients admitted to a geriatric hospital were prospectively registered. Demographic and clinical data, including the development of major complications after admission and in-hospital mortality and causes of death during the follow-up period until December 2008, were collected and analyzed.Results: A total 252 patients (mean age, 75.8±8.2 years; male, 41.7%) were included. Patients with ischemic stroke (79.4%) outnumbered those with hemorrhagic stroke (20.6%) by nearly fourfold. During the study period, 55.6% of patients experienced one or more major complications, with pneumonia (36.9%) being the most common. Logistic regression analysis identified age, indwelling catheterization, modified Rankin scale (mRS) score on admission, and length of hospital stay as independent risk factors for complications. In-hospital mortality rates at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year were 5.0%, 11.5%, 19.4%, and 31.0%, respectively. Age, mRS score and male sex were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality as determined by the Cox proportional hazards model.Conclusions: Pneumonia was the most prevalent complication and leading cause of death. Age and functional status were independent predictor of both complications and in-hospital mortality.
Natural convection of MHD hybrid nanofluid (Fe3O4-MWCNT) in annular cavity fitted with fins: numerical approach
Authors: Benkherbache Souad , Benarioua Mokhtar , Bakhti Fatima Zohra
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we study numerically the natural convection of MHD hybrid nanofluid (Fe3O4-MWCNT) in annular cavity fitted with fins under magnetic fields. The inner cylinder is subjected to volumetric heat generation while the outer cylinder is kept adiabatic. The governing equations of mass, momentum and energy equation for both the fluid and the solid are solved by the finite volume method, using the commercially available CFD software Fluent 6.3.26. The fluid is a water-based hybrid nanofluid containing various nanoparticle combinations of Fe3O4 with MWCNT. The effect of the magnetic field is carried out and investigated for different Hartmann number Ha, for a cavity without fins N=0 and with fins N=8. Results are presented by magnetic field and temperature contours as well as velocity profiles in the gap of the cavity with and without fins. The results indicate that, Increasing Ha suppresses convective currents, leading to stratified temperature profiles and a transition towards conduction-dominated heat transfer. The addition of fins reduces fluid temperature and enhances heat transfer within the cavity
Foggara's water quality and irrigation systems - from lifeline to potential hazard in Touat, southwestern Algeria
Authors: Kouider Mohammed Hadj , Slimani Said , Dahou Mohamed El Amine , Touahri Abdeljebar , Benhamida Slimane Abdeljebar , Nezli Imed Eddine
Published: December 2024

Various civilisations have constructed thousands of tunnels and well networks in different regions of the North Africa in. These networks are known as Foggrar in Algeria, khettaras in Morocco and qanats in Iran. This system is based on similar physical, hydrogeological, and engineering concepts. The Foggara drainage system, which is designed to disseminate water and irrigation in arid regions, may encounter difficulty in managing excessive water during periods of heavy rainfall or water content. Surface flooding and potential impacts on the Ouasis garden have been caused by a slight increase in water flow rate in Bouda Ksar-Adrar, located in south-western Algeria. Hazards related to hydraulic overload, system deterioration, material transportation damage, and impacts on water quality can be intensified by the system's openings and leakage. reducing risks and guaranteeing water sustainability necessitates addressing leaks and apertures in the Foggara Line. It is also imperative to incorporate climate change adaptation measures into the management of the Foggara network. To prevent possible waterlogging and flooding in the Foggara network during heavy rainfall, drainage systems should be improved with French drains, stormwater retention ponds, and surface conduits. Direct flooding can be prevented by raising tunnels, reinforcing them with waterproof covers, and constructing overflow channels to divert water away from vulnerable areas.
Mechanical behavior of recycled materials used in the base layers of bituminous pavements
Authors: Hocine Hadidane , Zina Djebbari , Tahar Tioua
Published: December 2024

The accumulation of industrial wastes stemming has a negative influence on the environment. The adopted procedure aimed to eliminate these undesirable wastes through recycling them by utilizing them in appropriate areas. Over the years, recycled has become one of the most attractive flexible pavement rehabilitation alternatives. Different recycling materials are now available to address specific pavement distresses and structural needs. Recycle materials offers multiple environmental advantages: a saving of natural materials, a sharp reduction in the traffic of heavy goods vehicles transporting these materials and thus a great saving of energy. This work constitutes an experimental contribution to the study of the mechanical behavior of various materials coming from the demolition of the building (concrete, brick and breeze block) for their use in the base layers of the flexible pavements. The primary results obtained are extremely encouraging for optimal incorporation of these recycled materials, in the base layers. The utilization in these materials in the road area has therefore allowed the recycling these wastes, decreasing pollution, and using a minimum product requiring important energy and an economy on layers of surface realized with costly materials (bituminous concrete).
Numerical study of mixed convection generated by the partial movement of the lid of a cavity filled with a porous medium
Authors: Hassinet Liamena , Si-Ameur Mohamed
Published: December 2024

The paper suggests a beneficial modification related to the thermal systems that move through walls (typically called a lid-driven cavity) by introducing a partial movement of a boundary wall. Mixed convection is investigated in a cavity filled with porous medium using Finite Volume Method (FVM), the horizontal walls are insulated, while the vertical walls maintain constant temperatures and a portion of the top wall (lid) is moving from right to left at a steady velocity. Mixed convection was investigated for three different lengths (0.25, 0.33, and 0.5) using Darcy numbers ranging from 1e-7 to 1e-1 and Richardson numbers of 0.1, 1, and 10. The obtained results indicate that the heat transfer decreases when the Richardson number increases. In addition, the flow structure inside the cavity is strongly affected by the length of the movable portion of the lid; it can be utilized to control the shape and size of vortex.
Parametric assessment of window orientation, glazing types, and window-to-wall ratio on energy consumption in individual housing: the case of Guelma, Algeria
Authors: Hadef Selma Saci , Khelil Sara , Alkama Djamel
Published: December 2024

The building envelope, through its components, affects the thermal performance and energy consumption, mainly through windows, which provide easy access for heat gain or loss.  In this context, Windows play an essential role in building energy efficiency, influencing heating and cooling requirements. Three key window parameters must be optimized at the design stage to take advantage of solar gain while limiting overheating: orientation, glazing type, and window-to-wall ratio.  Therefore, this article aims to assess the impact of different window parameters on the energy used for heating and cooling of an individual housing in Guelma, located in the north-east of Algeria.  Four orientations, three glazing types, and ten window-wall ratio scenarios were studied based on a parametric simulation using Rhinoceros 3D and its Grasshopper plug-in. The research results showed that the window to the north has the highest overall energy use while the window to the south has the lowest. Also, the rise in the window/wall ratio and the increase in energy usage are therefore positively correlated. Moreover, double glazing low-emissivity was found to be the most effective in terms of energy savings across all orientations. These savings were especially notable for high window/wall ratios, with the southern orientation reaching up to 35.21%, the western orientation, 25.13%, the eastern orientation 27.05%, and the northern orientation 23.24%. . This study provides guidelines for window design to reduce energy use, maximize thermal comfort, and enhance the energy efficiency of buildings.
Spectroscopic analysis of argon plasma for electron temperature determination
Authors: Souhaila Askri , Rachid Ahmim
Published: December 2024

This study focuses on the spectroscopic analysis of argon plasma within a discharge channel measuring 10 mm in diameter and 60 mm in length, aiming to determine the plasma's electron temperature, a critical parameter in plasma diagnostics. Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) is employed to evaluate local thermal equilibrium (LTE) conditions and extract accurate electron temperature values. The line intensity ratio technique and the Boltzmann plot method are utilized as robust, non-intrusive diagnostic tools for characterizing the plasma environment.The experimental setup includes a high-resolution spectrometer and a CCD detection system to collect precise spectral data. The analysis identifies electron temperatures ranging from 12,000 K to 16,000 K and electron densities between 2.2×10¹⁶ cm⁻³ and 3.2×10¹⁶ cm⁻³. These results align with theoretical predictions and prior studies, validating the reliability of the chosen methodologies. Spectral differences between neutral argon (ArI) and ionized argon (ArII) transitions are also observed, further confirming the plasma's behavior under LTE conditions.This research provides a foundation for applying spectroscopic diagnostics in plasma applications, such as material processing and fusion technology. The findings contribute valuable insights into plasma dynamics and demonstrate the effectiveness of spectroscopic methods for plasma characterization.
Study and analyze the effectiveness of unified power quality conditioner to enhance power quality
Authors: Bousnoubra Choayb , Belila Hassen , Djeghader Yacine , Chouaf Fethi
Published: December 2024

Modern energy networks are increasingly challenged by the proliferation of electronic devices and nonlinear loads, which lead to voltage waveform distortions, frequency fluctuations, and amplitude variations. These disturbances can significantly compromise the stability and quality of power supply. The Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) serves as an effective solution to these issues by actively addressing power quality problems. It reduces total harmonic distortion (THD) in grid currents, mitigates voltage disturbances, and enhances the overall power factor. The UPQC employs advanced active filtering techniques to compensate for harmonic currents generated by nonlinear loads, resulting in a marked decrease in THD. Its dual functionality, comprising series and shunt converters, enables it to effectively manage voltage sags, swells, and imbalances, thereby ensuring a stable voltage supply under varying load conditions. Furthermore, the shunt converter plays a crucial role in providing reactive power compensation, which not only improves the power factor but also reduces transmission losses. By enhancing power delivery efficiency, the UPQC contributes to the reliability and sustainability of modern energy networks, making it a vital component in the transition towards more resilient electrical systems. This integration of UPQC technology is essential for achieving high-quality power in contemporary energy infrastructures.
Multiscale effects on structural behavior: nonlocal displacement in cylinders and piezoelectric stress in semiconductor layers
Authors: Abdallah Zine , Madjid Berrabah Hamza
Published: December 2024

This research investigates the complex interplay between nonlocal effects, piezoelectric properties, and their influence on the mechanical behavior of cylindrical and layered structures. Focusing on two distinct scenarios, we aim to provide valuable insights for the design and analysis of robust and efficient structures. Firstly, we explore the displacement variations in clamped-clamped cylinders, considering the impact of nonlocal effects on the displacement field. The analysis utilizes polar coordinates and examines how these effects alter the structural response under various conditions. This emphasizes the importance of incorporating nonlocal effects in the design and analysis of cylindrical structures, especially at small scales. Secondly, we delve into the stress distribution in semiconductor layers, focusing on the influence of the piezoelectric effect. Analyzing a layered composite structure, we compare stress distribution with and without considering the piezoelectric parameters E3 and d31. Our results highlight the significant impact of piezoelectric properties on stress distribution, leading to higher stress magnitudes. This underscores the critical need to account for piezoelectric effects in the design of semiconductor devices to ensure structural integrity and reliability. By examining these two distinct scenarios, this study emphasizes the importance of considering nonlocal effects and piezoelectric properties in the design and analysis of small-scale structures. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between these phenomena and their influence on structural behavior. By incorporating these effects, engineers can develop more robust, efficient, and reliable structures for various applications, including those involving cylindrical structures and semiconductor devices.