bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An unexplained overlap between Sophist 232b1-236d4 and Republic X
Authors: Zucchetti Nicholas
Published: June 2020

Although most scholars agree that the lexicon of Sophist 232b1-236d4 is similar to that of Republic X, they leave undetermined whether they are theoretically compatible. Notably, both dialogues elucidate the art of imitation through the metaphor of the painter who deceives his pupils through φαντάσματα. I argue that Plato’s conception of imitation of the Republic is not only consistent with that presented in the Sophist, but also importantly integrates it.
Impact of inulin and yeast containing synbiotic on calves' productivity and greenhouse gas production
Authors: Jonova S. , Ilgaza A. , Zolovs M. , Balins A.
Published: June 2020

Aim: The research aimed to determine the impact of synbiotic: 6 g of prebiotic inulin and 5 g of probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 1026 on calves' productivity and greenhouse gas (GHG) production. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted with 10 Holstein Friesian and Red Holstein (Bos taurus L.) crossbreed calves of mean age 33±6 days and initial body weight 73.4±12.75 kg. We added the synbiotic into the diet of five dairy crossbreed calves (SynG) and five calves in control group (CoG) received non-supplemented diet. The duration of the experiment was 56 days. The weight of calves and amount of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the rumen were determined on day 1, 28, and 56. On day 56, three calves from each group were slaughtered. Meat samples were assessed for some indicators of meat quality. The main methanogens were detected in the rumen fluid and feces. Results: The weight gain during the whole experiment period of 56 days was higher in the SynG (62.6±13.75 kg) compared to CoG (36.8±7.98 kg) calves (p<0.01). There were no significant differences in the levels of protein (%), fat (unsaturated and saturated – %), and cholesterol (mg/100 g) in meat samples from both groups. At the end of the experiment, the amount of CH4 in calves' rumen in CoG was higher (Me=792.06 mg/m3, interquartile range [IQR] 755.06-873.59) compared to SynG (Me=675.41 mg/m3, IQR 653.46-700.50) group (p<0.01). The values for CO2 were also increased in CoG (Me=4251.28 mg/m3, IQR 4045.58-4426.25) compared to SynG (Me=3266.06 mg/m3, IQR 1358.98-4584.91) group (p=0.001). There were no significant differences in the calves' weight and certain methanogen species in rumen liquid and feces on the 56th day of the experiment. Significantly higher results in the parameter total prokaryotes (V3) (bacteria+archaea) in rumen fluid were in SynG, whereas significantly higher results in the parameter total methanogens Met630/803 in rumen fluid were in CoG, p<0.05. Conclusion: The main results showed that the synbiotic can increase the daily weight gain in calves and decrease the amount of GHG in rumen but does not impact different methanogen species in rumen liquid and feces and meat protein, fat, and cholesterol levels.
Prawda i prawdziwość sądów moralnych
Authors: Wiggins David
Published: June 2020

The author first seeks to elucidate the sense of the question “Is such and such a kind of judgement the kind of judgement that can be plainly or straightforwardly true?” By exploiting the Fregean elucidation of meaning as truth-conditions and then naturalizing the Fregean conception of meaning by connecting it with “radical interpretation”, he identifies five “marks” of truth (properties that we shall expect every judgement with the property of truth to enjoy). These marks do not comprise an analysis of truth. They do however serve to articulate what the property of truth is like. He then argues that, among moral judgements, many or most strictly evaluational judgements (e.g. “that was a cruel (kind, considerate ,impolite) thing to do”) have these five marks and are relatively straightforward candidates for truth, whereas practical judgements (judgements like “x must ø”, “x must not ø”, “x had better ø” etc.) import serious difficulties, even when properly understood in their context. Given the expectation that, if a statement is true, then it will under favourable circumstances command a convergence in beliefs the best explanation of which convergence requires the actual truth of the statement (the second mark of truth), it is the “essential contestability” that we rightly attribute to so many practical judgements that renders their truth status so problematic. Nevertheless truth is their aspiration.
Program „Filozofia w szkole” w nauczaniu etyki
Authors: Piłat Robert
Published: June 2020

CURRICULUM: “PHILOSOPHY IN SCHOOL”
Uzasadnienia moralne
Authors: Pieper Annemarie
Published: June 2020

ANNEMARIE PIEPER
Zasada życzliwości w medycynie
Authors: Szatkowski Seweryn
Published: June 2020

SEWERYN SZATKOWSKI
Tybetańczyk jako obcy
Authors: Tokarska-Bakir Joanna
Published: June 2020

JOANNA TOKARSKA-BAKIR
Paradoks słabej woli
Authors: Górnicka Joanna
Published: June 2020

JOANNA GÓRNICKA
Lęk przed rozwojem. Refleksje o książce Eugena Drewermanna Duchowni
Authors: Tokarska-Bakir Joanna
Published: June 2020

Joanna Tokarska-Bakir puts into analysis the main ideas of Eugen Drewermann expressed in his book Kleriker: Psychogramm eines ideals. She sets forth the sense of “total institution” – the main category used by Drewermann to characterize the essence of catholic church. According to Drewermann, catholic priests have been involved in struggling for political power rather than satisfying deep religious needs.
Ewangelizacja bez perspektyw
Authors: Woleński Jan
Published: June 2020

Jan Woleński criticizes the ideology and politics of the catholic church. He thinks that Polish Catholicism turns out to be ideologically expansive, dogmatic, orthodox and arrogant. Unfortunately it is not open to non conventional streams, treating them as dangerous heresies. The so called new evangelization is nothing but the expression of the old catholic ideological expansionism.
Neomesjanizm współczesnego katolicyzmu
Authors: Mikołejko Zbigniew
Published: June 2020

The author characterizes and explains a phenomenon of neomessianism in catholic moral teaching of John Paul II and cardinal Ratzinger. According to these Christian moralists, the modern world is being destroyed by antichristian liberalism, “wild capitalism” and ethical relativism and that is why it need a new evangelization. It is also a church which suffers from secularization and therefore the mission, the revived idea of Christ and moral examples should begin.
Apostolstwo odzyskanej wolności
Authors: Tischner Józef
Published: June 2020

The author justifies the thesis that the very truth of Christianity cannot be cleared up without recognizing the value of freedom. Freedom enables us to walk toward God as well as to get away from him. There are few things harder to understand than the fact that a man is afraid of freedom and therefore he tends to flee from it towards a totalitarian system of government.
Autonomia pacjenta
Authors: Szatkowski Seweryn
Published: June 2020

Autonomy is almost certainly the most important value “discovered” in bioethics after its birth in 1960s. It is sometimes said that autonomy is a specific kind of freedom – one that can be enjoyed only by rational beings; the most difficult problem connected with its definition is that we can easily define this notion in such a way that autonomy could not be treated as a kind of freedom at all. Among other possibilities, especially interesting definition of autonomy refers not to the autonomous agent oneself but to its action: we can say that patient’s action (his or her consent or refusal of treatment) is autonomous only when it is done: 1. intentionally, 2. with understanding and 3. without any controlling influences.
Etyczne aspekty farmakoterapii
Authors: Szawarski Zbigniew
Published: June 2020

Said Paracelsus – “All substances are poisonous; there is none that is not a poison. The right dose distinguishes a poison and a remedy.” Most clinical problems can be boiled down to the following practical syllogism: “If a patient has a condition p, then he should be treated with q, r, or t or whatever combination of them. The patient X has the condition p. Therefore, the patient X should be treated with q, or r, or t, or whatever combination of them.” It is evident that the conclusion of this syllogism is a result of two different kinds of knowledge: first, medical knowledge understood as general and universal knowledge of health, disease and treatment which is contained in standard medical textbooks and which, according to the present fashion, is called evidence based medicine; and second, clinical knowledge which is specific knowledge of a particular patient in terms of his unique narrative identity. (Recently, this kind of knowledge has been named narrative based medicine). Acquisition and application of medical and clinical knowledge are governed by ethical rules. The basic rules of human subjects research ethics are presented and discussed. I conclude that even a perfect evidence based medical knowledge is not enough to make a correct clinical judgment. Because every individual may have a specific reaction to a drug, each treatment is always experimentation on human. One of those rules is respect for moral autonomy of the patient which is reflected in the moral, legal, and clinical doctrine of informed consent; another, the principle of an acceptable risk-benefit balance. Both these principles are examined in the context of psychiatric treatment.
Brentanowska filozofia moralności
Authors: Chrudzimski Arkadiusz
Published: June 2020

Brentano has divided mental phenomena into three main groups: presentations (ideas), judgements and emotions. Both judgements and emotions involve presentations as its foundation. Each judgement consists in acceptance or rejection of an object of some presentation; and each act of emotion consists in love or hate directed upon such presented object.
Bioetyka a problemy metodologiczne etyki
Authors: Fiszer Alicja
Published: June 2020

The relation between bioethics and ethical methodology is the subject of this article. The author is of the opinion that bioethical considerations demand both medical and biological knowledge as well as some general ethical theory. As we know there is not one ethical theory. but many. The author asks whether we have any moral rational foundations for choosing one of the competing ethical systems, and, if this is not possible, whether normative ethics is at all necessary for the solution of practical conflicts. In other words, the author poses the question whether the cultivation of normative ethics. while one is aware of the pluralism of values and variety of ethical theories, has any scientific and practical sense. Still, according to the author methodological relativism need not necessarily imply the acceptance of an axiologically relativistic stand and need not necessarily lead to moral indifference. Beauchamp and Childress work shows a fine approach to bioethical problems.
Konflikt, dialog i dobrodziejstwa rozumu
Authors: Środa Magdalena
Published: June 2020

The article is based on the assertion that conflict constitutes an important element of social reality both in its moral and political aspect. The conflicts of: Antigone and Creon, Socrates and Athens, Christ and the Pharisees, Gandhi and the British, M.L. King and the racists, have clearly contributed to moral development. Conflicts arise from the human need of using one’s freedom in questioning the existing order, in distrusting every truth. It is not the fact of the existence of conflicts that is bad for a civil society, but the lack of skills to solve them. Hence the importance of the need for a dialogue in civil society. The author presents various kinds of dialogue and supports rationality as a moral stand.
Od Redakcji, 33/2000
Authors: Skarga Barbara
Published: June 2020

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Etyczne i historyczne uzasadnienie socjalizmu
Authors: Rudziński Roman
Published: June 2020

The author analyses the problematic of historical necessity and ethical regularity of socialism, taking the marxist philosophy as a point of departure. He criticizes opinions represented in philosophical and ideological discussions of this problem in the period of the Second International and argues that the above problematic, which results from a confrontation of marxism with a new historical situation and with the current of the neo-Kantian philosophy, was an axis which has brought into focus the theoretical decisions both of revisionists and critics of marxism on one hand and of orthodox marxists on the other hand.
Problemy i kierunki rozwoju współczesnej etyki radzieckiej
Authors: Iwanow W.G. , Koblakow W.P. , Charczew A.G.
Published: June 2020

The sixth decade of this century may be considered a period of dynamic development of the Soviet ethics. In contrast with the post-revolutionary period, the ethics does not limit itself to a normative reflection, but starts also extensive studies in the theory of ethics. According to the authors of the present article, there are all reasons to believe that the marxist ethics will become a scientific discipline in a full sense of the word. The purpose of the article is not to discuss all problems involved in the contemporary Soviet ethics, but above all to outline main problems and trends of its development. The authors distinguish following aspects of the ethical investigations: philosophical, sociological, social-psychological, axiological, pedagogical, historical, gnoseological, logical, and metaethical. Together with a critical evaluation of solutions of certain problems, they criticize some abstractive and ahistorical, in their opinion, approach to ethics which has been manifested above all in works of Y. A. Milner-Irinin and P. M. Egides.
Podstawowe problemy logiki deontycznej
Authors: Ziemba Zdzisław
Published: June 2020

The article deals with relation between the meaning of deontic sentences and the truth of some formulas of deontic logic. The following abbreviations have been introduced:
Wątki moralne u Prousta
Authors: Zadura Bohdan
Published: June 2020

The essay deals with moral problems in Proust’s A la recherche du temps perdu. The novel has been viewed by many as a survey of the ruling customs, as an outstanding psychological novel, as a study of human characters, and as a story of the decline of aristocracy. The description of facts has been noted in this way, but not the underlying idea. This essay shows Proust not only as an etologist (in this respect his importance is not controversial), but also as a moralist. The essay consists of three parts. The first one deals with Proust’s views connected with the theory of knowledge to be found in the novel. Special emphasis is put on the influence both of the atmosphere of his home and that of his time on the formation of Proust’s views, as his point of departure was the positivistic method as well as scientific and naturalistic approach to all events. Further, it should be stressed – and this has escaped many readers for a long time – that having applied his method Proust arrived at general conclusions which have proved to be in a sheer contradiction with this method. No writer of fiction before him has pointed out the importance of subjective factors in cognition better than he did. In defiance of positivism, Proust denies neither the existence of the essence of things nor of qualitative differences. Considerations relating to Proust’s analysis of the phenomenon of remembering and of different kinds of memory (with particular stress on analogous memory) show how important they were for fixing his views on the insufficiency and inadequacy of intellectual cognition as well as on discovering its falsifications, simplifications and utilitarian character. Both the world of common experience and common sense and that of science are worlds of delusion. These conceptions show a striking coincidence with those of Bergson.
Pojęcie przeznaczenia i problem wolności w poematach Homera i wierzeniach orfickich
Authors: Szulińska Joanna
Published: June 2020

The paper focuses on a problem of human freedom in Homer’s poems and the Orphic creeds. First efforts at defining the human autonomy can be found in Greek myths. Later philosophical conceptions follow them.
Etyka biznesu
Authors: Salomon Robert
Published: June 2020

Business ethics is a quite young branch of moral sciences. This fact is due to the negative evaluation of making money. The main idea of business ethics is the social responsibility of the economy, which should make more tolerable the negative effects of understanding business as starving for maximalization of profits. Participation in business ought to be ruled by set of mutual obligations of proprietors, managers, workers and consumers. Moreover, these obligations must take into account the commonwealth of the whole society.
Klonowanie reprodukcyjne a wartość dzieci
Authors: Łuków Paweł
Published: June 2020

It is sometimes argued that if reproductive human cloning were available to parents who
lost a child the possibility of replication of the child would lead to its devaluation. This argument
seems to presuppose a view of the relationship between parents and children according
to which parental love is loosely linked to children’s identities. The value of a child for a parent,
it is assumed, stems from its being a person or genetically linked to its parents. Against
this view I offer a more adequate account of parental relationship. It is based on the idea that
the value of a child to its parents is grounded in how it shapes their lives and personalities. If
reproductive cloning were ever available it would be no viable option for parents who lost
a child. Parents who value their child for who it is, and not just for its being a person or
a progeny genetically related to them, value the child too much to want to replicate it when it
dies. Parents who value their child for reasons other than who it is, value it too little to clone
it when it is lost.
Spór o innego w XVI wieku: Indianie i konkwistadorzy
Authors: Jacórzyński Witold , Krysińska - Kałużna Magdalena
Published: June 2020

The article discusses the Europeans’ attitude to the other in the 16th century. Together with the conquest of America comes into being the question what rights does the other have, whether the war conducted by Spaniards against Indians was just. The most famous debate over this subject took place in 1550 in Valladolid. The authors present arguments part forward during that meeting by both sides of the dispute: Las Casas and Sepulveda. The supremacy achieved at that time by the Indians’ protector can be recognized as a symbolical beginning of the ethics based on the respect for every human being which started to form in Europe.
Powiernicy? Kontrahenci? Misjonarze? Źródła i zakres obowiązków lekarzy
Authors: Chańska Weronika
Published: June 2020

Weronika Chańska
Servicio público como política en materia de derechos fundamentales: implicancias
Authors: Arrúa Gobo Miguel Angel
Published: June 2020

Una de las construcciones jurídicas que ha tenido mayor evolución, divergencias conceptuales y de contenido, ha sido y es la del Servicio Público, principalmente por su particular inclusión en las teorías sobre el Estado pero también por su alcance como herramienta de garantía de los derechos humanos, dada la evolución operada por el Derecho Administrativo y la generación de espacios de convergencia normativa que exigen respuestas distintas de las ensayadas en el siglo pasado. En este artículo se abordará someramente la transformación de la noción de Servicio Público desde la óptica de los derechos fundamentales, su inclusión en tipologías elaboradas por la doctrina y las implicancias de una esquematización que, al influjo de los desarrollos convencionales que forman parte del bloque de juridicidad existente y la interpretación doctrinaria, decante en una propuesta relacionada íntimamente con la aplicación –en este campo- del principio de actuación conjunta como técnica de garantía de las prerrogativas comprometidas en la figura analizada, encontrándose aquí un terreno fértil para el desarrollo de tal precepto.
El impacto de la tutela positiva de los Derechos Fundamentales en la discrecionalidad administrativa
Authors: Berón Nicolas Guzman
Published: June 2020

El objetivo del presente trabajo es abordar las consecuencias en la discrecionalidad del Estado de la exigibilidad de los derechos fundamentales, sobre todo en relación a aquellos que requieren un conjunto de prestaciones positivas. El artículo se centra en dos de estas consecuencias. La primera, referente a la posibilidad de exigir estos derechos judicialmente, en la cual se concluye que sin perjuicios de las dificultades que conlleva, es necesario que, en determinados supuestos de violación de mínimos existenciales de derechos o mínimos vitales, se permita su demandabilidad por tratarse de conceptos jurídicos indeterminados. La segunda, defiende la necesidad de una reforma de la Administración que sea lo suficientemente eficiente para cumplir y satisfacer los derechos a los que se ha comprometido.
Comunicado científico: Análisis del programa tecnofe como medio para garantizar el Derecho a la Buena Administración
Authors: Paredes Débora Gisela , Bicheré Marina Edit
Published: June 2020

Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TICs) son herramientas que permiten el acceso al conocimiento, la información y la participación de todas las personas, con independencia de su capacidad económica y de su ubicación geográfica. Así entendidas, resultan herramientas fundamentales para garantizar la eficacia de la política pública de gobierno abierto, centrada en el ciudadano. El uso de estas herramientas por parte de las administraciones públicas implica una verdadera transformación en su manera de gestionar, y por consiguiente, conlleva la necesidad de adecuar su marco normativo e implementar políticas públicas que acompañen dicho proceso. La provincia de Santa Fe se encuentra inmersa en este proceso de cambio, utilizando estas herramientas para su gestión. Desde el año 2016 está implementando el Plan Estratégico de Tecnologías ("TecnoFE") 2016-2018,  que incluye el uso de las TICs en varios ejes como salud, educación, seguridad y sistema electoral. En este marco, pretendemos analizar el mencionado Plan TecnoFE, que contiene cincuenta y cinco proyectos de desarrollo tecnológico para mejorar la gestión de la administración pública y dar respuesta a las nuevas demandas de la ciudadanía, en relación a su eficacia para garantizar el derecho a la buena administración. Para ello, partimos de un relevamiento y análisis de la normativa dictada para la aprobación y aplicación de dicho Plan.  Luego procedimos a analizar el proceso de implementación, en miras a corroborar su eficacia para garantizar la participación ciudadana, el control de la gestión pública y el libre acceso a la información pública, que pretenden consolidar el modelo de gestión de gobierno abierto y lograr una democracia participativa, en el marco de un Estado Social y Democrático de Derecho. La metodología empleada permite analizar el Plan "TecnoFE" no sólo desde la perspectiva de la norma, sino también desde la realidad social y desde el punto de vista de la justicia del sistema vigente. Consideramos necesario destacar que si bien aún queda camino que recorrer en la implementación de una auténtica administración electrónica, que asegure mayores cotas de eficiencia, eficacia y calidad de los servicios públicos, la provincia de Santa Fe, a través de la implementación del Plan TecnoFE,  se encuentra transitando el camino para garantizar la aplicación de las normativas provinciales, nacionales y supra-nacionales que prescriben el uso de las TICs como herramientas  de gestión de gobierno abierto y así, hacer efectivo el derecho a la buena administración de todos los ciudadanos.
Administración pública y control de convencionalidad: problemáticas y desafíos
Authors: Molina Hernández Mario
Published: June 2020

En este trabajo se plantean algunas reflexiones en torno al control de convencionalidad en sede administrativa. El fin que se persigue es abonar algunas consideraciones a la discusión, en la mayor de las ocasiones ríspidas, sobre las obligaciones generales y concretas a cargo de la administración pública sobre la materia. Por ello, la estructura de esta contribución se articula a partir del formante jurisprudencial de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos con implicaciones sobre la materia, la recuperación de algunas posturas teóricas que se han posicionado en la discusión, así como la reflexión sobre el modelo teórico que pudiera considerarse más afortunado en atención a las peculiaridades operativas con las que cuentan las autoridades administrativas tratándose del control de convencionalidad.
Bases configurativas del programa de clemencia en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano: a propósito de la colaboración eficaz
Authors: Valverde Encarnación Gianpierre , Suca Concha Alejandro
Published: June 2020

En el presente trabajo se analizan las figuras de la colaboración eficaz en el ámbito penal y el programa de clemencia a fin de identificar elementos comunes que aporten a una aplicación clara y predecible de la segunda herramienta. Se evalúa la importancia de la protección de identidad del delator, así como los incentivos a considerar en la estructura de dichos mecanismos.
A corrupção na modernidade periférica sob a ótica do constitucionalismo brasileiro
Authors: Marques Mesquita Saulo
Published: June 2020

Este trabalho tem o escopo de analisar a posição do Estado (pós)moderno em relação ao combate à corrupção, sob a ótica do desenvolvimento histórico do constitucionalismo, levando em consideração a linha abissal do pensamento moderno, concretizada na reprodução da dualidade ensejadora da segmentação entre Estados centrais e periféricos. Procede-se, assim, a uma reflexão a respeito da funcionalidade normativa da constituição e das assimetrias estruturais inerentes à não implementação efetiva dos direitos fundamentais, cuja tutela, sob a ótica do idealismo constitucional, é intrínseca ao conceito de constituição. Tal concepção induz a uma análise da constituição brasileira e sua natureza nominalista, qualificada pelo descompasso da realidade com os direitos e garantias fundamentais preconizados em seu texto, indicando a insuficiente positividade do direito, o que dificulta um movimento em direção à centralidade. Estabelece-se, assim, uma visão da forma como o Estado percebe o fenômeno da corrupção, o que se encontra inexoravelmente relacionado à sua posição na modernidade periférica, caracterizada pela ausência de normatividade da constituição e à inexistência de um ambiente propício à plena concretização dos direitos fundamentais. Procede-se a uma análise quanto à forma como o ordenamento constitucional vocaciona e instrumentaliza as instituições públicas para que o problema da corrupção seja equacionado.
El derecho a los cielos nocturnos oscuros desde el Derecho administrativo
Authors: Rendón Huerta Barrera Teresita
Published: June 2020

El derecho a los cielos nocturnos oscuros desde un emplazamiento jurídico implica la apertura de nuevos horizontes para el Derecho administrativo, en tanto la preservación del cielo libre de contaminación lumínica, compromete la acción de los entes públicos en la regulación de múltiples factores que van directamente a la modificación de la realidad física del mundo que nos rodea y de la misma vida. Si bien la iluminación nocturna es un servicio indispensable para el funcionamiento de las grandes ciudades, muy poco se conoce sobre las consecuencias del uso ineficiente, innecesario y extremo de fuentes de luz artificial. El derecho a los cielos nocturnos sin contaminación lumínica, implica adoptarlo en el marco de los valores de una sociedad que continúa en la pérdida de lo natural y que a medida que avanza en lo tecnológico, dispone de menos tiempo libre. En general, para las zonas urbanizadas deberán emitirse por parte de los gobiernos locales, una serie de medidas para la reducción de la contaminación lumínica, desde el alumbrado público adecuado, hasta la reducción del nivel de iluminación en los comercios y oficinas, así como el cumplimiento de reglas para la instalación y funcionamiento del alumbrado público y ornamental.
Public policies for the promotion of decent work in Brazil: dialogues with Amartya Sen
Authors: Reis da Silva Lucas , Benício Xavier Juliana
Published: June 2020

O oitavo objetivo de desenvolvimento sustentável da Organização das Nações Unidas prevê a necessidade de “promover o crescimento econômico sustentado, inclusivo e sustentável, emprego pleno e produtivo e trabalho decente para todos”. Esta meta coincide com as orientações das políticas e programas da Organização Internacional do Trabalho no sentido de garantir o exercício laboral em condições que respeitem os direitos humanos, as liberdades individuais e a igualdade. Diante desse contexto, e reforçado por previsões explícitas na Constituição da República Federativa de 1988 que orientam no mesmo sentido, o Brasil tem desenvolvido políticas públicas e alterações legislativas importantes, relacionadas ao mundo do trabalho. Nos últimos vinte anos, mais de cinquenta e cinco mil trabalhadores brasileiros foram resgatados de condições análogas à de escravidão, de acordo com dados da Secretaria de Inspeção do Trabalho. De acordo com dados do Ministério Público do Trabalho, apesar de expressamente proibido por lei, o trabalho infantil ainda atinge 2,7 milhões crianças brasileiras. O país é o quarto do mundo com maior ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho, segundo dados do Ministério do Trabalho.  O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar em que medida a atuação estatal tem contribuído para a efetivação do trabalho decente, assim como, de que maneira os impactos trazidos pela reforma trabalhista aprovada no Congresso Nacional Brasileiro em 2017 podem interferir na promoção do exercício da atividade laboral de forma a que não viole direitos e garantias fundamentais à vida, à igualdade, à segurança e à liberdade. A superação de problemas relacionados ao trabalho decente é central à análise do desenvolvimento, que consiste, segundo Amartya Sen, na remoção de limitações às escolhas e às oportunidades para exercício de ação racional por parte dos cidadãos. Desta maneira, o presente artigo analisa os efeitos das políticas públicas de valorização do trabalho decente na expansão da liberdade dos indivíduos, considerada, simultaneamente, como fim do desenvolvimento e como seu principal meio. Algumas liberdades, entre as quais o trabalho decente, possuem papel instrumental na promoção de liberdades de outras espécies e estimulam iniciativas orientadas com fim de superar privações. Por isso, analisar em que medida o Estado Brasileiro tem alcançado sucesso em promover o trabalho decente torna-se tarefa de extrema importância.
On the rewards of being open to opportunities and their challenges
Authors: Karabenick Stuart A.
Published: June 2020

The request to provide one’s Acquired Wisdom is a daunting challenge, and others in this series have approached it in a variety of ways. My own is to chronicle how I negotiated a scientific career filled with barriers to overcome and opportunities to contribute to the fields of motivation and self-regulated learning most generally. As you will see, mine was not a straight path but one filled with unexpected events that changed how and what I accomplished along the way. That includes never being satisfied that you know enough. I hope that you find something that helps you on your own journey.
Nutrition value and viscosity of polymeric enteral nutrition products based on purple sweet potato flour with variation of maltodextrin levels
Authors: Rauf Rusdin , Utami Anggraeni
Published: June 2020

Background: One obstacle in commercial enteral food formulation is the adjustment between nutritional value and rheological characteristics of the product.Objectives: To evaluate the nutritional value and viscosity of polymeric enteral nutrition (PEN) products made from purple sweet potato flour with variations in the level of maltodextrin as a stabilizer.Methods: The completely randomized design was used with four variations of maltodextrin, which was 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. The research was carried out by making purple sweet potato flour, then its proximate composition was measured as a basis for formulating a PEN product that was 200 kcal/200mL, with 60% carbohydrates (120 kcal / 200 mL), 15% protein (30 kcal), and 25% fat (50 kcal). The proximate composition and calorie value of the PEN products were tested. The PEN products were added hot water at a temperature of 90˚C; then, the viscosity was measured at room temperature. The viscosity of two types of commercial enteral nutrition products was measured as a reference.Results: The results showed that there was an effect of maltodextrin level on moisture, fat, and protein contents of PEN products, but there was no effect on calorie values. The viscosity of the PEN products displayed that the higher the maltodextrin level, the higher the viscosity of the product. The viscosity of the PEN products in accordance with the commercial enteral products was the treatment of maltodextrin 5% and 7.5%.Conclusion: There is an effect of maltodextrin as a stabilizer on the nutritional value and viscosity of PEN products based on purple sweet potato flour.
Sugar-sweetened beverages as risk factor of central obesity among women in reproductive age
Authors: Annisa Nabila Rifka , Dieny Fillah Fithra , Nissa Choirun , Tsani A. Fahmy Arif
Published: June 2020

Background: Several risk factors for central obesity include high Sugar-sweetened Beverages (SSBs) intake, lack of physical activity, and lack of sleep duration. High fructose corn syrup, the sweetener used in SSBs, increase body weight because of the bad effect of insulin secretion and leptin release. The fructose from this beverage can increase visceral adiposity accumulation. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the intake of Sugar-sweetened Beverages (SSBs), physical activity, and sleep duration as risk factors for central obesity among women in the reproductive AgeMethods: This study used case-control design consists of 38Subjects in case and control groups. All women were in childbearing age (20-29 years) selected using a simple random sampling technique. The data taken were weight, height, waist circumference, and hip circumference. Food intake and sugar-sweetened beverage intake were obtained by using Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency (SQ-FFQ) questionnaire. Physical activity data were obtained using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) questionnaire. Sleep duration data were obtained using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Chi-Square test and logistic regression were used to analyze the data.Results: There were a significant relationship between Sugar Sweetened Beverages intake (p = 0.002, OR =5.926), energy intake of SSBs (p = 0.035, OR = 2.979) physical activity (p = 0.035, OR = 0.3111), duration of morning sleep / afternoon (p = 0.000; OR = 9.44) and sleep duration (p = 0.028, OR = 4.42) with central obesity. But there were no significant relationship between energy intake (p = 0.375), carbohydrates (p = 0.1), protein (p = 0.3), fat (p = 0.1) and fibers with central obesity.Conclusion: High intake of sugar-sweetened beverages, short duration of night's sleep and the duration>2 hours/day of a long day sleep are risk factors for increasing the incidence of central obesity among Women in reproductive Age.
Effect of zinc on milkfish nastar-cookies to albumin and hemoglobin levels in HIV/AIDS patients
Authors: Hindaryani Nurul , Sofro Muchlis Achsan Udji , Agustini Tri Winarni
Published: June 2020

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) destroys the antibody system, which causes faster protein breakdown resulting in lower albumin concentration. Zinc supplementation when added to protein in milkfish flour may increase albumin and zinc levels that associated with activity of the aminolevulinic acid dehydrase (ALAD) that synthesizes heme. Objectives: This study aimed to prove the effect of zinc and milkfish flour addition on albumin and hemoglobin levels in HIV/AIDS patients.Methods: An experimental study with randomized pre and post-test with the control group design using control subjects (n=17) and treatment (n=21). The administration of milkfish nastar with zinc to treatment group was 100 g/day for 60 days, while the control group was given milkfish nastar without zinc 100 g/day for 60 days. The measurement of albumin level used auto photometric with enzymatic color test methods and reticulated method for hemoglobin level measurement conducted before and after treatments. Data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk, paired t-test, and independent t-test with a significance value at p<0.05. Results: The means of albumin level in the treatment group increased by 7.03%, while the control group increased by 4.33% (p>0.05). Means of hemoglobin level in the treatment group increased by 12.0%, while the control group increased by 7.9% (p<0.05). Conclusion: Albumin and hemoglobin levels increased after milkfish nastar administration with zinc addition in HIV/AIDS patients.
Efek minuman cokelat (Theobroma cacao L.) terhadap peningkatan jumlah eritrosit dan kadar hemoglobin tikus putih anemia
Authors: Restuti Arisanty Nur Setia , Yulianti Adhiningsih , Lindawati Dewi
Published: June 2020

Background : Anemia is a condition when the body do not have enough healthy red blood cells. Laboratory sign of anemia is decreases of erythrocytes and haemoglobin (Hb) level. Anemia can be caused by deficiency of nutritional intake.Objectives : The purpose of this study was to determine changes in  the number of erythrocytes and  Hb levels of anemia rats which were intervened with chocolate drinks.Methods : The design of this study was an experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design. The samples in this research were 21 male wistar rats. Rats were induced by NaNO2 25mg/gBB for 18 days, then followed by an intervention of chocolate drink 4.3ml / day for 14 days. The results will be tested using one way ANOVA test and paired T-Test.Results : The results of this study showed that there were significant differences in the number of erythrocytes and Hb levels between groups before the intervention (p = 0.00) and (p = 0.011), so also after the intervention there is significant differences in the number of erythrocytes and Hb levels between groups (p = 0.00) and (p = 0.01).Paired T-Test results showed that there were significant differences in the number of erythrocytes and Hb levels before and after the study in the intervention group given chocolate drink (p = 0.00) and (p = 0.02).Conclusion : Chocolate drinks have an effect on increasing the number of erythrocytes and Hb levels in anemia rats.
Digital Twin of manufacturing systems: a case study on increasing the efficiency of reconfiguration
Authors: Ashtari Talkhestani Behrang , Weyrich Michael
Published: June 2020

The added value of a Digital Twin for reconfiguring manufacturing systems promises an increase in system availability, a reduction in set-up and conversion times and enables the manufacturing of customer-specific products. To evaluate this claim, this paper selects an architecture of the Digital Twin and realizes it on the basis of an application scenario for a cyber-physical manufacturing system. A case study is used to test the reconfiguration of a manufacturing system by comparing two different methods, one without and one with use of the Digital Twin. In this paper, the process steps of both reconfigurations are described and discussed in detail and a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the reconfiguration results is presented. Finally, this paper gives an outlook on future research on intelligent automation of manufacturing systems using the Digital Twin.
Hybrid model approaches for compensating environmental influences in machine tools using integrated sensors
Authors: Dahlem Philipp , Sanders Mark P. , Birck Fröhlich Herberth , Schmitt Robert H.
Published: June 2020

Uncontrolled environmental conditions often impact manufacturing processes and lead to product quality fluctuations. For machine tools, thermal influences are a major limitation to the volumetric performance. Climate controls for the shop floor, and machines, or thermally stable structural designs are economically not feasible, promoting control-based compensation as a possible solution. Since the relationship between disturbing quantities and effects are complex and specific to each machine, appropriate modelling is a critical requirement. The authors describe an approach for developing hybrid models, superposing white-box model knowledge, and machine learning. The overall effort can be optimized by combining and balancing different modelling methods, like designing the physical model part and training intelligent algorithms. A general model structure allows a continuous integration of different white-box and black-box model components. The authors integrate self-developed smart sensors into a demonstrator machine tool to test and validate the performance of the approach.
Conceptual design, modeling and control of a rigid parallel serial-elastic actuator
Authors: Penzlin Bernhard , Leipnitz Anja , Bergmann Lukas , Li Yinbo , Ji Linhong , Leonhardt Steffen , Ngo Chuong
Published: June 2020

Parallel-elastic actuators (PEA) can provide efficiency advantages. In current designs clutches can fix or release the neutral position of the elasticity. The presented actuator combines a direct actuator with a serial-elastic actuator (SEA) in parallel. In addition to the efficiency advantages of a PEA, both actuators can also actively cooperate or actively control the neutral position of the elasticity. On the test bench, the prototype is operated as a PEA with a load similar to the hip during gait, whereby a reduction in peak power of 19 % is found. Furthermore the SEA can support 31 % of the torque during a task similar to sit-to-stand.
Molecular Properties of Carbon Crystal Cubic Structures
Authors: Yang Hong , Kamran Siddiqui Muhammad , Naeem Muhammad , Abdul Rehman Najma
Published: June 2020

Graph theory assumes an imperative part in displaying and planning any synthetic structure or substance organizer. Chemical graph theory facilitates in conception of the chemical graphs for their atomic properties. The graphical structure of a chemical involves atoms termed as vertices and the line segment between two different vertices are called edges. In this manuscript, our concentration is on the chemical graph of carbon graphite and cubic carbon. Additionally, we also define a procedure and calculate the degree based topological indices namely Zagreb type indices, Balaban, Forgotten and Augmented indices.
Some properties of modified Szász–Mirakyan operators in polynomial spaces via the power summability method
Authors: Braha Naim L.
Published: June 2020

In this paper we will prove the Korovkin type theorem for modified Szász–Mirakyan operators viaA-statistical convergence and the power summability method. Also we give the rate of the convergence related to the above summability methods, and in the last section, we give a kind of Voronovskaya type theorem forA-statistical convergence and Grüss–Voronovskaya type theorem.
Endoreversible Otto Engines at Maximal Power
Authors: Smith Zackary , Pal Priyo S. , Deffner Sebastian
Published: June 2020

Despite its idealizations, thermodynamics has proven its power as a predictive theory for practical applications. In particular, the Curzon–Ahlborn efficiency provides a benchmark for any real engine operating at maximal power. Here we further develop the analysis of endoreversible Otto engines. For a generic class of working mediums, whose internal energy is proportional to some power of the temperature, we find that no engine can achieve the Carnot efficiency at finite power. However, we also find that for the specific example of photonic engines the efficiency at maximal power is higher than the Curzon–Ahlborn efficiency.
An empirical perspective on the contact between English and French: a case study on substitutive complex prepositions
Authors: Béchet Christophe
Published: June 2020

Historical language contact has generally been approached qualitatively through the examination of different linguistic and extralinguistic factors. By contrast, frequency patterns, although widely acknowledged in other linguistic fields, have not received a great deal of attention in the contact linguistics literature. This paper attempts to bridge this methodological gap through the application of an experimental procedure borrowed from the field of learner corpus research and areal linguistics. In a pilot study on the well-known case of language contact between English and French, the potential contact effects of French on English with regard to the use of substitutive complex prepositions of the PNP type are investigated, using probabilistic multifactorial modeling. The goal is to show in what ways and to what extent English conforms to French in the use of in lieu of and in place of, but also the extent to which it deviates from the Romance language, assuming from the outset that French served as the model language. This approach to historical language contact methodologically enriches an ever-growing paradigm and also illustrates empirically what has been conceptualized as frequency effects in usage-based Construction Grammar.
Impersonal and reflexive uses of Middle English psych verbs under contact influence with Old French
Authors: Trips Carola
Published: June 2020

This article discusses the relation between impersonal constructions and the reflexive use of psych verbs of theadmire-type (Levin 1993) copied from Old French to Middle English. The outset of the study is an observation made by van der Gaaf (1904) which was commented on by Fischer (1992) concerning the reflexive use of verbs likeremembren(Old Frenchremembrer) in the course of the development of impersonal constructions to personal constructions. My aim is to answer the following questions: First, was the reflexive use of verbs copied from Old French new to the Middle English system? Second, what is the syntactic and semantic relation between ME impersonal and OF reflexive constructions? I will first examine the reflexive construction in Old English and Old French to answer the first question. I will then deal with the second question taking a closer look at both constructions in Middle English. Supported by lexicon-based and corpus-based small-scale studies of the psych verbremembrenI will provide an analysis of the syntactic and semantic properties of the verb in both constructions and show that what they have in common is an intransitive structure where the subject is anexperiencer, and middle semantics. I will finally address possible effects of language contact through translations, before I conclude.
English and Celtic: contact-induced change in history
Authors: Hickey Raymond
Published: June 2020

This paper offers an overview of current research into the contact between English and Celtic, both in its historical and geographical dimensions. It attempts to classify contact scenarios by their type and the linguistic effects they engender. A number of examples are discussed which illustrate typical contact effects, and generalizations are made about contact-induced language change which can be taken to apply to further cases of language contact beyond the anglophone world.
On the symmetrized s-divergence
Authors: Simić Slavko , Alzaid Sara Salem , Aydi Hassen
Published: June 2020

In this study, we work with the relative divergence of type

s
,
s
∈
ℝ

s,s\in {\mathbb{R}}

, which includes the Kullback-Leibler divergence and the Hellinger and χ
2 distances as particular cases. We study the symmetrized divergences in additive and multiplicative forms. Some basic properties such as symmetry, monotonicity and log-convexity are established. An important result from the convexity theory is also proved.
Crystal structure of 5,6-diphenyldibenzo[c, g]chrysene, C38H24
Authors: Bin Zhang , Xin Chen , Songhua Chen
Published: June 2020

C38H24, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 37.6829(14) Å, b = 7.4695(3) Å, c = 17.4881(7) Å, β = 95.269(3)°, V = 4901.6(3) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0472, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1177, T = 123(2) K.