bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applying Wollastonite to Soil to Adjust pH and Suppress Powdery Mildew on Pumpkin
Authors: Li Yuan , Both Arend-Jan , Wyenandt Christian A. , Durner Edward F. , Heckman Joseph R.
Published: September 2019

Although not considered an essential nutrient, silicon (Si) can be beneficial to plants. Si accumulator species such as pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo var. pepo) can absorb Si from soil. Si uptake may reduce plant susceptibility to fungal diseases such as cucurbit powdery mildew (Podosphaera xanthii and Erysiphe cichoracearum). We previously reported that wollastonite, an Organic Materials Reviews Institute–approved natural mineral, can increase soil Si level, increase soil pH, provide pumpkin plants with Si, and increase their resistance to powdery mildew. In this study, we examined the optimum application rate of wollastonite for pumpkins grown in pots and exposed to cucurbit powdery mildew. We confirmed that wollastonite has liming capabilities similar to regular limestone. Regardless of the application rates, wollastonite and limestone showed similar effects on soil chemistry and plant mineral composition. Pumpkin plants grown with the lower doses of wollastonite amendments (3.13 and 6.25 tons/acre) had the greatest tissue Si concentrations and demonstrated the greatest disease resistance. We conclude that wollastonite is a useful material for organic cucurbit (Cucurbitaceae) growers who want to increase soil pH and improve plant resistance to powdery mildew at the same time. Applying wollastonite at rates beyond the amount required to achieve a desirable soil pH for pumpkin production did not further increase Si uptake, nor did it further suppress powdery mildew development.
Evaluation of Research Accessibility and Data Elements of HIV Registries
Authors: Mayer Craig S. , Williams Nick , Fung Kin Wah , Huser Vojtech
Published: September 2019

Background::

Patient registries represent a long-term data collection system that is a platform
for performing multiple research studies to generate real-world evidence. Many of these registries
use common data elements (CDEs) and link data from Electronic Health Records.

Objective::

This study evaluated HIV registry features that contribute to the registry’s usability for
retrospective analysis of existing registry data or new prospective interventional studies.

Methods::

We searched PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov (CTG) to generate a list of HIV registries.
We used the framework developed by the European Medical Agency (EMA) to evaluate the registries
by determining the presence of key research features. These features included information
about the registry, request and collaboration processes, and available data. We acquired data dictionaries
and identified CDEs.

Results:

We found 13 HIV registries that met our criteria, 11 through PubMed and 2 through CTG.
The prevalence of the evaluated features ranged from all 13 (100%) having published key registry
information to 0 having a research contract template. We analyzed 6 data dictionaries and identified
14 CDEs that were present in at least 4 of 6 (66.7%) registry data dictionaries.

Conclusion::

The importance of registries as platforms for research data is growing and the presence of
certain features, including data dictionaries, contributes to the reuse and secondary research capabilities
of a registry. We found some features such as collaboration policies were in the majority of registries
while others such as, ethical support, were in a few and are more for future development.
Performa Rapid Emergency Medicine Score dalam Memprediksi Outcome Pasien Trauma Kepala di Instalasi Gawat Darurat
Authors: Mulyono Didik , Nurdiana Nurdiana , Kapti Rinik Eko
Published: September 2019

Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS) merupakan suatu sistem skor yang telah digunakan secara luas di berbagai negara untuk memprediksi mortalitas pasien non bedah maupun trauma di Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD), tetapi belum diuji pada populasi yang spesifik pada trauma kepala. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menilai performa REMS dalam memprediksi outcome pasien trauma kepala di IGD. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasi analitik dengan pendekatan retrospektif. Sampel menggunakan data rekam medis pasien dengan trauma kepala sedang-berat disesuaikan dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dan digunakan teknik purposive sampling yaitu sebanyak 181 responden. Analisis bivariat yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini menggunakan uji Somers'd, sedangkan analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik ordinal. Selanjutnya, kemampuan untuk memprediksi outcome dinilai menggunakan analisis the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC). Hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan bahwa nilai somers'd REMS sebesar 0,310 dengan p value <0,001 dan arah hubungan positif dengan outcome pasien trauma kepala. Hasil regresi logistik ordinal menunjukkan parameter Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) memperoleh Odds Ratio sebesar 0,7, artinya skor GCS yang rendah memiliki risiko memperoleh outcome death sebesar 0,7 kali lebih besar dibandingkan memperoleh outcome moderate disability, severe disability, persisten vegetatif state. Nilai Area Under Curve (AUC) REMS pada cut of point >5 dengan sensitivitas 61,4 dan spesifisitas 77,8 adalah 0,753 (95% CI; 0,683-0,814. REMS menunjukkan performa yang baik dalam memprediksi outcome pasien trauma kepala.
O que é um Estudo de Caso Qualitativo em Educação?
Authors: André Marli
Published: September 2019

Na introdução do texto busca-se explicitar um conceito de rigor metodológico, que não é medido pela nomeação do tipo de pesquisa, mas pela descrição clara e pormenorizada do caminho seguido pelo pesquisador para alcançar os objetivos e pela justificativa das opções feitas neste caminho. Em seguida, discute-se o conceito e os fundamentos do estudo de caso qualitativo em educação. Indicam-se ainda as fases em que se desenvolve um estudo de caso, tomando-se como exemplo os estudos de caso desenvolvidos no contexto de uma pesquisa que avalia o Programa de Formação de Professores em Exercício (PROFORMAÇÃO). A parte final do texto descreve e comenta dois exemplos de pesquisa que deixam mais evidente a conveniência – ou não – do uso da denominação de estudo de caso
Tools for App- and Web-Based Self-Testing of Cognitive Impairment: Systematic Search and Evaluation
Authors: Charalambous Anna Pavlina , Pye Annie , Yeung Wai Kent , Leroi Iracema , Neil Malcolm , Thodi Chryssoula , Dawes Piers
Published: September 2019

Background

Tools for app- and Web-based self-testing for identification of cognitive impairment are widely available but are of uncertain quality.

Objective

The objective of this study was to undertake a scoping review of app- and Web-based self-tests for cognitive impairment and determine the validity of these tests.

Methods

We conducted systematic searches in electronic databases, including Google search, Google Play Store, and iPhone Operating System App Store, using the search terms “Online OR Internet-based AND Memory OR Brain OR Dementia OR mild cognitive impairment OR MCI AND Test OR Screen OR Check.”

Results

We identified 3057 tools, of which 25 were included in the review. Most tools meeting the inclusion criteria assessed multiple cognitive domains. The most frequently assessed domains were memory, attention, and executive function. We then conducted an electronic survey with the developers of the tools to identify data relating to development and validation of each tool. If no response to the survey was received, Google (to identify gray literature), Google Scholar, and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online were searched using key terms “(name of developer, if available)” AND “(the name of the tool)” to identify any additional data. Only 7 tools had any information concerning psychometric quality, and only 1 tool reported data on performance norms, reliability, validity, sensitivity, and specificity for the detection of cognitive impairment.

Conclusions

The number of cognitive self-assessment electronic health tools for cognitive impairment is increasing, but most are of uncertain quality. There is a need for well-validated tools and guidance for users concerning which tools provide reliable information about possible cognitive impairment that could warrant further investigation.
Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia on Insomnia Symptoms for Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Alshehri Mohammed M , Alenazi Aqeel M , Hoover Jeffrey C , Alothman Shaima A , Phadnis Milind A , Rucker Jason L , Befort Christie A , Miles John M , Kluding Patricia M , Siengsukon Catherine F
Published: September 2019

Background

Insomnia symptoms are a common form of sleep difficulty among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) affecting sleep quality and health outcomes. Several interventional approaches have been used to improve sleep outcomes in people with T2D. Nonpharmacological approaches, such as cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), show promising results regarding safety and sustainability of improvements, although CBT-I has not been examined in people with T2D. Promoting sleep for people with insomnia and T2D could improve insomnia severity and diabetes outcomes.

Objective

The objective of this study is to establish a protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) to examine the effect of 6 sessions of CBT-I on insomnia severity (primary outcome), sleep variability, and other health-related outcomes in individuals with T2D and insomnia symptoms.

Methods

This RCT will use random mixed block size randomization with stratification to assign 28 participants with T2D and insomnia symptoms to either a CBT-I group or a health education group. Outcomes including insomnia severity; sleep variability; diabetes self-care behavior (DSCB); glycemic control (A1c); glucose level; sleep quality; daytime sleepiness; and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and pain will be gathered before and after the 6-week intervention. Chi-square and independent t tests will be used to test for between-group differences at baseline. Independent t tests will be used to examine the effect of the CBT-I intervention on change score means for insomnia severity, sleep variability, DSCB, A1c, fatigue, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and severity of depression, anxiety, and pain. For all analyses, alpha level will be set at .05.

Results

This study recruitment began in February 2019 and was completed in September 2019.

Conclusions

The intervention, including 6 sessions of CBT-I, will provide insight about its effect in improving insomnia symptoms, sleep variability, fatigue, and diabetes-related health outcomes in people with T2D and those with insomnia symptoms when compared with control.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03713996; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03713996

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/14647
Patient-Reported Outcomes in Online Communications on Statins, Memory, and Cognition: Qualitative Analysis Using Online Communities
Authors: Timimi Farris , Ray Sara , Jones Erik , Aase Lee , Hoffman Kathleen
Published: September 2019

Background

In drug development clinical trials, there is a need for balance between restricting variables by setting eligibility criteria and representing the broader patient population that may use a product once it is approved. Similarly, although recent policy initiatives focusing on the inclusion of historically underrepresented groups are being implemented, barriers still remain. These limitations of clinical trials may mask potential product benefits and side effects. To bridge these gaps, online communication in health communities may serve as an additional population signal for drug side effects.

Objective

The aim of this study was to employ a nontraditional dataset to identify drug side-effect signals. The study was designed to apply both natural language processing (NLP) technology and hands-on linguistic analysis to a set of online posts from known statin users to (1) identify any underlying crossover between the use of statins and impairment of memory or cognition and (2) obtain patient lexicon in their descriptions of experiences with statin medications and memory changes.

Methods

Researchers utilized user-generated content on Inspire, looking at over 11 million posts across Inspire. Posts were written by patients and caregivers belonging to a variety of communities on Inspire. After identifying these posts, researchers used NLP and hands-on linguistic analysis to draw and expand upon correlations among statin use, memory, and cognition.

Results

NLP analysis of posts identified statistical correlations between statin users and the discussion of memory impairment, which were not observed in control groups. NLP found that, out of all members on Inspire, 3.1% had posted about memory or cognition. In a control group of those who had posted about TNF inhibitors, 6.2% had also posted about memory and cognition. In comparison, of all those who had posted about a statin medication, 22.6% (P<.001) also posted about memory and cognition. Furthermore, linguistic analysis of a sample of posts provided themes and context to these statistical findings. By looking at posts from statin users about memory, four key themes were found and described in detail in the data: memory loss, aphasia, cognitive impairment, and emotional change.

Conclusions

Correlations from this study point to a need for further research on the impact of statins on memory and cognition. Furthermore, when using nontraditional datasets, such as online communities, NLP and linguistic methodologies broaden the population for identifying side-effect signals. For side effects such as those on memory and cognition, where self-reporting may be unreliable, these methods can provide another avenue to inform patients, providers, and the Food and Drug Administration.
Pregnant women readiness to use the Internet to access health information about pregnancy and childbirth: A cross-sectional study (Preprint)
Authors: Ahmadian Leila , Khajouei Reza , Kamali Sudabeh , Mirzaee Moghaddameh , Ameri Arefeh
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

Today, the Internet may be a promising tool for interventions for pregnant women. However, these kinds of tools are only helpful if users are ready to use them.

OBJECTIVE

The present study was conducted with the aim of readiness assessment of pregnant women to use the Internet to access health information about pregnancy and childbirth.

METHODS

This study was carried out on a sample of 384 pregnant women. Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire. The first section of this questionnaire collected demographic characteristics of the participants. The second part of the questionnaire contains 27 questions covering the following components: infrastructure readiness (6 questions); affordability readiness (3 questions); and skill readiness (12 questions). Data were analyzed with SPSS 19.0 using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and T-test.

RESULTS

This study was carried out on a sample of 384 pregnant women. Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire. The first section of this questionnaire collected demographic characteristics of the participants. The second part of the questionnaire contains 27 questions covering the following components: infrastructure readiness (6 questions); affordability readiness (3 questions); and skill readiness (12 questions). Data were analyzed with SPSS 19.0 using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and T-test.

CONCLUSIONS

The use of the Internet by pregnant women depends on factors such as infrastructure, affordability, and skills readiness. This study showed that speed and the quality of the Internet, hardware and software availability, affordability of the Internet, and access to the Internet training were factors in measuring E-health readiness assessment.

CLINICALTRIAL

Not applicable
CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY EVALUATION OF ERIOCAULON CINEREUM R.BR. ON HELA AND VERO CELL LINES
Authors: JUMARYATNO PINUS , NUGRAHA ARDE TOGA , HIDAYATI ADILIA TRI , LISNASARI BAIQ RISKY WAHYU , DIAHANDARI WIDYANUR MAYA , FAKHRUDIN NANANG
Published: September 2019

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of the extracts and fractions of Eriocaulon cinereum against HeLa and Vero cell lines,which represent cervical cancer and normal cells, respectively. In addition, a phytochemical screening was carried out to determine the chemicalconstituents in the extracts and the active fractions.Materials and Methods: The extracts of E. cinereum were obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction method using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, andmethanol, successively. The active extract was fractionated using vacuum liquid chromatography with dichloromethane followed by ethyl acetate. Thecytotoxic activity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay method and was measured using microplatereader at the wavelength 595 nm. The data were analyzed with PROBIT from SPSS 16 for Windows®. In addition, phytochemical screening wasperformed using standard procedures.Results: The cytotoxic evaluation of the extracts of E. cinereum showed that the ethyl acetate extract was the most active extract against HeLa cell linewith the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 580.07 μg/ml. The dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions from the active extractof E. cinereum exhibited cytotoxic activity against HeLa cell with the IC50 values of 466.61 μg/ml and 267.34 μg/ml, respectively. In addition, the ethylacetate fraction showed a low cytotoxic effect against Vero cell line. The phytochemical screening of the ethyl acetate fraction indicated the presenceof terpenoids and alkaloids.Conclusion: This finding revealed the anticancer potential of E. cinereum and warranted further investigation for the discovery of new anticanceragents from natural resources for cervical cancer.
THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF CLOVE (Syzygium aromaticum) IN ABSORPTION BASE OINTMENT WITH ADDITION OF OLEIC ACID AND PROPYLENE GLYCOL AS ENHANCER
Authors: SUGIHARTINI NINING , PRABANDARI RANI , YUWONO TEDJO , RAHMAWATI DESTY RESTIA
Published: September 2019

Background : The optimal concentration of essential oil of clove in absorption base ointment as anti-inflammatory has been studied. The developmentof formulations can be done by adding oleic acid and propylene glycol as enhancers. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatoryactivity of the essential oil of clove in absorption base ointment formula by adding a mixture of oleic acid and propylene glycol as enhancers.Methods: In this study, the composition of oleic acid and propylene glycol was 100% oleic acid (FI), 50% oleic acid and propylene glycol (FII), and100% propylene glycol (FIII). The profile of the anti-inflammatory activity essential oil of clove was carried out using male of mice Balb/C strain whichwas induced inflammatory with croton oil on back of skin. After treatment, it was sacrificed and then was taken the back of skin to get histopathologicalpreparation. After that, the epidermal thickness, number of inflammatory cells, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression can be measured.Results : Based on the results of the test, it shows that FIII has the smallest of the amount of COX-2 expression, the number of inflammatory cells, andthe epidermal thickness so the addition of the composition enhancer provides good anti-inflammatory activity.Conclusion: The increasing concentration of propylene glycol caused the raising activity of essential oil of clove as anti-inflammatory.
Política del espíritu
Authors: Valéry Paul
Published: September 2019

Paul Valéry, Política del espíritu, Buenos Aires, Editorial Losada, 1961.
Entrevista: Rodolfo Stavenhagen
Authors: Pena Blanco Leopoldo , Trujillo Espinosa Luis Francisco
Published: September 2019

Se reproducen las entrevistas que se hicieron a distintos intelectuales (Rodolfo Stavenhagen, Jorge Sánchez Azcona, Gabriel Careaga, Carlos Sirvent y Cristina Puga) cuando fungieron como responsables de la Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales. Se comentan diversos tópicos relacionados con la revista desde sus inicios: los artículos, las corrientes teóricas, las perspectivas, etcétera.
Julio Scherer o las intensidades del periodismo
Authors: Martínez Carrizales Leonardo
Published: September 2019

Reseña del libro de Scherer, Julio. El poder. Historia de familia, México. Editorial Grijalbo. 1990.
La democracia y sus adjetivos
Authors: Bovero Michelangelo
Published: September 2019

Según el politólogo italiano Gian Enrico Rusconi, la única democracia auténtica seria la democracia sin adjetivos (formal, sustancial, liberal, burguesa, social, progresiva, socialista, proletaria, etcétera). Sin embargo, dada la vaguedad y uso retórico del concepto, los adjetivos son indispensables, sobre todo desde que la teoría democrática se volvió “la jerga oficial del mundo moderno”. Así, este artículo aborda las diferentes nociones de democracia como resultado de las diferentes teorías de las formas de gobierno; reconstruye algunos lineamientos del proceso de elaboración teórica de los principios fundamentales de la democracia moderna, y por último, se refiere al tema de la democracia representativa y de sus diversas interpretaciones institucionales. (Conferencia Magistral dictada en la Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales de la UNAM, 27 de enero de 1993.)
Equidad en una sociedad desigual. Reto de la modernización educativa
Authors: Suárez Zozaya Ma. Herlinda
Published: September 2019

A partir del contexto social en el que se están dando los cambios y las proposiciones de política económica y educativa, así como de algunas acciones de la actual política gubernamental en el modelo propuesto por la CEPAL, se señala la importancia de la desigualdad social y económica como rasgo característico de la sociedad mexicana y se enfatiza la determinación económica y política que ha tenido la educación en México. Se definen, además, algunos rasgos de la estrategia gubernamental para la modernización y se analiza la posibilidad de que las modificaciones al sistema educativo redunden en beneficios económicos y sociales para el país. (Contiene cuadros estadísticos.)
La fundación del partido oficial
Authors: Córdova Arnaldo
Published: September 2019

Creación extraordinaria de la política mexicana, el Partido Nacional Revolucionario (PNR), organizado entre 1928 y 1929, ha determinado el rumbo que el país ha seguido en los últimos sesenta años. Se relatan aquí las condiciones políticas en que surgió, su proceso de organización, sus proyectos originales de programa y estatutos y los mecanismos políticos e ideológicos que empleó para vencer a sus principales oponentes: los comunistas mexicanos y el vasconcelismo. (Conferencia Magistral dictada en la Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales de la UNAM.)
Comentarios sobre el documento: “El papel futuro de las organizaciones multilaterales mundiales", presentado por Andries Van Agt, y algunas consideraciones sobre el sistema internacional
Authors: De la Madrid Hurtado Miguel
Published: September 2019

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El liderazgo político en las sociedades en cambio
Authors: Blondel Jean , Cansino César
Published: September 2019

El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar el papel que han jugado los líderes políticos en los procesos de democratización que han tenido lugar en varias zonas geográficas desde la segunda mitad de los años ochenta. Para ello, los autores proponen un modelo teórico en el que se definen respectivamente el papel jugado por el medio ambiente y por los individuos en el contexto de sociedades cambiantes. La propuesta de análisis se concentra en cuatro hipótesis explicativas sobre la centralidad del liderazgo, las cuales dan cuenta de los factores que determinan el ascenso y la caída de los líderes en procesos de cambio político.
Los procesos de regionalización económica en Asia
Authors: Rosas María Cristina
Published: September 2019

The appropriateness of providing the pertinent context for the analysis of non-Western cultures ensues from the author's analysis of current regional economic integration processes in Asia, and their specific characteristics, when confronted with the Western concepts on regionalism. Regional integration case studies analyzed include the Pacific Basin countries, the Association of Nations from Southeastern Asia (ANSEA), the Asia-Pacific Economic Forum (APEC), the Cooperation Council of the Gulf (CCG), and the Southern Asia Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC).
La fragmentación de la legitimidad política
Authors: Ortega Félix
Published: September 2019

Uno de los problemas centrales de la política actual radica en las dificultades que tiene para legitimarse. La legitimación de la política ha venido efectuándose dentro del propio campo político, conforme a las reglas y racionalidad emanadas dentro del mismo. Pero hoy la política tiene que habérselas con una situación en la que existe una multiplicidad de ámbitos y lógicas que compiten con ella por la definición de lo público. Sin duda alguna, uno de estos ámbitos, quizás el más significativo, es el que genera el sistema de la comunicación. Los medios de comunicación son inseparables del sistema político, hasta el punto de que las reglas de los primeros acaban por imponerse al segundo. A partir de estas premisas, el artículo aborda cuatro grandes aspectos que expresan el carácter fragmentario, cuando no entrópico, de la política contemporánea. En el primero se analiza la desinstitucionalización de la política, cifrada tanto en su vaciamiento cuanto en su patrimonialización por parte de diversos lobbies. En el segundo se ponen de relieve las fuentes no políticas de la legitimidad, centradas en la administración que los medios masivos hacen del concepto "opinión pública". En tercer lugar, se plantea la inestabilidad e inconsistencia de las fórmulas políticas, sometidas al mismo proceso efímero de la producción de noticias. Por todo ello, y en cuarto ligar, puede hablarse de la emergencia de un nuevo modelo de política, la que el autor denomina "democracia mediática".
Diseño e implementación de prototipo de una pinza robótica adaptativa de tres dedos basada en estructura FinRay®
Authors: Silva Plata Carolina , Gallardo Arancibia José
Published: September 2019

Con el acelerado avance de la microelectrónica y los sistemas de procesamiento, la robótica está irrumpiendo constantemente en nuevas áreas además de la industria. Algunos manipuladores robóticos requieren maniobrar objetos con propiedades dimensionales variantes, superficies complejas y texturas delicadas, lo que lleva a la búsqueda de diseños de efectores finales que presenten nuevas características mecánicas y de control. Asimismo, con las investigaciones continuas que se han desarrollado en la disciplina científica de la biomímesis, una opción muy confiable y viable es replicar principios de la naturaleza para desarrollar aplicaciones tecnológicas. En este documento se describe el diseño mecánico y la implementación física de una pinza robótica adaptativa y subactuada con mordazas basadas en la estructura del efecto FinRay®, que hace referencia a la reacción de movimiento de la aleta de un pez. Los resultados logrados demuestran su efectividad y adaptabilidad para la sujeción de distintos tipos de objetos.
A numerical scheme to solve variable order diffusion-wave equations
Authors: Moallem Ganji , Jafari Hossein , Adem Abdullahi
Published: September 2019

In this work, we consider variable order diffusion-wave equations. We choose variable order derivative in the Caputo sense. First, we approximate the unknown functions and its derivatives using Bernstein basis. Then, we obtain operational matrices based on Bernstein polynomials. Finally, with the help of these operational matrices and collocation method, we can convert variable order diffusion-wave equations to an algebraic system. Few examples are given to demonstrate the accuracy and the competence of the presented technique.
Konflik dalam Kelompok Tani Gadih Basanai di Kenagarian IV Koto Hilir Kecamatan Batang Kapas, Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan
Authors: Maiwulandari Citra , Susilawati Nora
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi karena isu korupsi yang dilakukan oleh pengurus kelompok tani gadih basanai. Penelitian ini akan dianalisis dengan menggunakan Teori Konflik oleh Lewis Coser. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dan pemilihan informan dengan teknik purposive sampling atau penarikan sampel secara sengaja agar mendapatkan data yang lebih akurat. Data pada penelitian ini dikumpulkan dengan cara observasi, wawancara, studi dokumentasi kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis data dari Miles dan Huberman. Berdasarkan penelitian hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa  bentuk-bentuk konflik yang terjadi di Kelompok Tani Gadih Basanai di isukan adanya korupsi yang menyebabkan terjadinya kekacauan dalam management keuangan, sistem kepengurusan berantakan dan perselisihan sesama pengurus kelompok tani, pengurus dengan anggota dan sesama anggota. Upaya atau solusi dari konflik yang terjadi dalam kelompok tani gadih basanai yaitu merevitalisasi kelompok tani dan  menentukan anggaran-anggaran dalam kelompok tani sehingga lebih jelas management keuangan, sistem kepengurusan serta diresmikan oleh pemerintah nagari IV Koto Hilir.
INVASI YUNANI KE PERSIA SEBAGAI BUKTI KEBANGKITAN KEBUDAYAAN HELLENIS
Authors: Septianingrum Anisa
Published: September 2019

Persia and Greece have engaged in a complicated relationship with war in the expansion of the territory. Persia was superior first because it was able to form strong empires and conquer cities around Asia and several cities in Europe. Greece managed to get rid of Persia, but it did not last long. Greece in ancient times consisted of many policies that competed with each other. The most famous policies of that period were Athens and Sparta. Both have advantages compared to other policies scattered in Greece. However, Athens and Sparta are two policies that compete with their respective strengths, causing disputes. Persia at that time had established good relations with Athens and Sparta. Persia found great opportunities to control Greece in the event of a war between Athens and Sparta. Persian interference in Greece was unavoidable which led to the Peloponnesian War which resulted in the conquest of Persia over Greece. Greece's downfall under the conquest of Persia did not last long. A unifying figure emerged in Greece that was able to embrace all policies and become the greatest king in history who had a vast conquest, both in the West and East. Alexander The Great was a king from the Kingdom of Macedonia in Greece who was able to unite all policies. Alexander invaded Persia to spread Hellenic culture.
Kendala yang Dihadapi Mahasiswa Jurusan Sejarah dalam Menulis Proposal Skripsi
Authors: Aisiah Aisiah , Firza Firza
Published: September 2019

Students generally experience obstacles in writing thesis research proposals. The research findings indicate that the problems in writing a thesis proposal by students include; find research ideas, look for literature and empirical data in the field as well as technical constraints related to aspects of writing relating to structure (systematics) and rules for using scientific and standard Indonesian languages. The specific problem of writing proposal research types, among others, relates to the development of a framework that describes the paradigm of relationships between variables, determining the design of experimental designs, how to determine samples and analyze data using formulas and statistics. Constraints on PTK proposal writing, among others, relate to the determination of research design in the form of the PTK cycle including the activities carried out in each cycle, determining indicators of success, data collection and data analysis. While writing a proposal for the type of R & D research students face constraints related to determining product specifications that are attractive and truly needed by teachers and students, relevant literature, writing framework, selection of development models, and product trial designs. The study of this study describes the obstacles faced by students in writing research proposals for history education thesis. The aim is to identify common obstacles experienced by students in writing thesis proposals, including specific obstacles to writing experimental research proposals, CAR and R&D. Data on the constraints of thesis proposal writing are collected by interviewing students, examining their thesis proposals and examining students' written reports about the perceived constraints when writing a thesis proposal. The source of research data comes from students, thesis documents and experience reports writing thesis proposals. This data was analyzed descriptively qualitatively.
Dinamika Perubahan Paradigma Pendidikan: Studi tentang Kesiapan Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam di SD/MI di Wilayah Kabupaten Banyumas dalam Menerapkan Pendekatan Pembelajaran Saintifik dan Penilaian Otentik Kurikulum 2013
Authors: Suparjo Suparjo
Published: September 2019

Abstract: This study was aimed at explaining the changes of educationparadigm among islamic education teachers in elementary schools and islamicelementary schools in Banyumas Regency, shown by teacher’s readiness inimplementing Curriculum 2013, especially in applying scientific method andauthentic assessment. This research used mixed methods, quantitative andqualitative methods. The research found that Islamic education teachers in bothgeneral and islamic elementary schools are ready to implement Curriculum 2013.In addition, they are also ready apply and develop scientific learning model andauthentic assessment as well as adapt to the new education paradigm. However,because of the lack of socialization, training, and facilities, they get some difficultiesin mastering knowledge about the curriculum and its implementation. From theresearch findings, it can be concluded that curriculum can be a starting point tochange the paradigm and practices of education as far as it is prepared and facilitated.Keywords: education paradigm, teacher, religious education, curriculum 2013.

Abstrak: Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa guru PAI di SD maupun guru MI sudahsiap mengimplementasikan Kurikulum 2013, merasa mampu menerapkannyadalam mengembangkan model pembelajaran saintifik, penilaian otentik dan menyesuaikannyadengan paradigma baru pendidikan. Hanya saja, karena sosialisasidan pelatihan serta instrumen pendukung kurikulum belum tersedia secara makismal.Karenanya, mereka mengalami kendala dalam pengetahuan dan kemampuanmengimplementasikannya. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut dapat diambil kesimpulanbesar yakni, kurikulum mampu menjadi titik awal mengubah paradigmadan praktik pendidikan sesuai tuntutan idealisme pendidikan itu sendiri sejauhdilakukan persiapan dan fasilitas pendukung yang memadai.Kata Kunci: paradigma pendidikan, guru, pendidikan agama, dan kurikulum2013
A pedagogia da escravidão nos Sermões do Padre Antonio Vieira
Authors: Jr. Amarílio , Bittar Marisa
Published: September 2019

O conceito de escravidão propugnado pelo Padre Antonio Vieira fundamentava-se nos principais pensadores que engendraram a concepção cristã de mundo, mas apresentava aspectos contraditórios. Ao mesmo tempo em que combatia a escravidão indígena considerada ilícita, o pregador jesuíta procurava justificar a escravidão dos negros desafricanizados. A escravidão dos negros, para Vieira, estava em consonância com os próprios interesses professados pela Companhia de Jesus, ou seja, de grande proprietária de terras e escravos. A postura assumida por Vieira nos seus Sermões aos “pretos da Ethyopia” tomou a forma de uma preleção pedagógica. O jesuíta visava inculcar na mente dos escravos a concepção cristã de mundo, buscando torná-los conformistas e contribuindo, indiretamente, para o processo de acumulação primitiva do capital.

Palavras-chave: educação jesuítica; escravismo; educação cristã.

Abstract

The fundamentals of Antonio Vieira’s concept of slavery were based on the first philosophers who introduced the Christian conception to the world. However, they presented contradictory aspects. Despite being against slavery of native Indians, he approved of slavery of non-African Negroes in order to defend the interests of the church, which itself, was one of the greatest farmland and slaves owners. On his teaching and preaching to Ethiopian Negroes, Vieira always tried to persuade the slaves to become conformists and therefore, induced to cooperate in the process of accumulative capitalism.

Keywords: jesuit education; african slavery; christianity acknowledgment.
Detection of lipoprotein X (LPX) – a challenge in patients with severe hypercholesterolaemia
Authors: Ćwiklińska Agnieszka , Mickiewicz Agnieszka , Kowalski Robert , Kortas-Stempak Barbara , Kuchta Agnieszka , Mucha Krzysztof , Makowiecki Michał , Gliwińska Anna , Lewandowski Krzysztof , Pączek Leszek , Fijałkowski Marcin , Gruchała Marcin , Jankowski Maciej
Published: September 2019

Background

Lipoprotein X (LpX) is an abnormal lipoprotein fraction, which can be detected in patients with severe hypercholesterolaemia and cholestatic liver disease. LpX is composed largely of phospholipid and free cholesterol, with small amounts of triglyceride, cholesteryl ester and protein. There are no widely available methods for direct measurement of LpX in routine laboratory practice. We present the heterogeneity of clinical and laboratory manifestations of the presence of LpX, a phenomenon which hinders LpX detection.

Methods

The study was conducted on a 26-year-old female after liver transplantation (LTx) with severely elevated total cholesterol (TC) of 38 mmol/L and increased cholestatic liver enzymes. TC, free cholesterol (FC), cholesteryl esters (CE), triglycerides, phospholipids, HDL-C, LDL-C, and apolipoproteins AI and B were measured. TC/apoB and FC:CE ratios were calculated. Lipoprotein electrophoresis was performed using a commercially available kit and laboratory-prepared agarose gel.

Results

Commercially available electrophoresis failed to demonstrate the presence of LpX. Laboratory-prepared gel clearly revealed the presence of lipoproteins with γ mobility, characteristic of LpX. The TC/apoB ratio was elevated and the CE level was reduced, confirming the presence of LpX. Regular lipoprotein apheresis was applied as the method of choice in LpX disease and a bridge to reLTx due to chronic liver insufficiency.

Conclusions

The detection of LpX is crucial as it may influence the method of treatment. As routinely available biochemical laboratory tests do not always indicate the presence of LpX, in severe hypercholesterolaemia with cholestasis, any discrepancy between electrophoresis and biochemical tests should raise suspicions of LpX disease.
Rosiglitazone-induced changes in the oxidative stress metabolism and fatty acid composition in relation with trace element status in the primary adipocytes
Authors: Aydemir Duygu , Sarayloo Ehsan , Ulusu Nuriye Nuray
Published: September 2019

Background

Metabolic syndrome, obesity and type 2 diabetes are metabolic disorders characterized by the insulin resistance and the impairment in the insulin secretion. Since impairment in the oxidative stress and adipocyte metabolism contribute to the formation of obesity and diabetes, targeting adipose tissue can be considered as an effective approach to fight against them. Rosiglitazone is used for treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes via inducing lipogenesis and transdifferentiation of white adipose tissue into brown adipose tissue. Since the development of such therapeutics is required to control the formation and function of brown fat cells, we aimed to reveal possible molecular mechanisms behind rosiglitazone induced biochemical changes in the adipose tissue.

Methods

Cells were expanded in the adipocyte culture medium supplemented with 5 μg/mL insulin following 2 days’ induction. After those cells were treated with rosiglitazone 0, 0.1 3 mol/L and 10 μmol/L rosiglitazone for 48 hours and at 8th day, cells were collected and stored at -80 °C. Then the cells were used to evaluate antioxidant enzyme activities, mineral and trace element levels and fatty acid composition.

Results

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase significantly reduced in rosiglitazone-treated groups compared to the control. Na, Mg, K, Ca, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Cs, Ba and Pb were determined in the cell lysates via ICP-MS. Also, relative FAME content decreased in the rosiglitazone-treated groups compared to the control.

Conclusions

Rosiglitazone treatment at low doses showed promising results which may promote brown adipose tissue formation.
Association/dissociation Mechanisms of Intrinsically Disordered Region of Protein Beyond Conformational Selection and Induced Fit
Authors: Tran Duy Phuoc , Kitao Akio
Published: September 2019

We investigate association and dissociation mechanisms of a typical intrinsically disordered region (IDR), transcriptional activation subdomain of tumor repressor protein p53 (TAD-p53) with murine double-minute clone 2 protein (MDM2). Using the combination of cycles of association and dissociation parallel cascade molecular dynamics, multiple standard MD, and Markov state model, we are successful in obtaining the lowest free energy structure of MDM2/TAD-p53 complex as the structure very close to that in crystal without prior knowledge. This method also reproduces the experimentally measured standard binding free energy, and association and dissociation rate constants solely with the accumulated MD simulation cost of 11.675 μs, in spite of the fact that actual dissociation occurs in the order of a second. Although there exist a few complex intermediates with similar free energies, TAD-p53 first binds MDM2 as the second lowest free energy intermediate dominantly (> 90% in flux), taking a form similar to one of the intermediate structures in its monomeric state. The mechanism of this step has a feature of conformational selection. In the second step, dehydration of the interface, formation of π-π stackings of the side-chains, and main-chain relaxation/hydrogen bond formation to complete α-helix take place, showing features of induced fit. In addition, dehydration (dewetting) is a key process for the final relaxation around the complex interface. These results demonstrate a more fine-grained view of the IDR association/dissociation beyond classical views of protein conformational change upon binding.
Controlled Release of Ibuprofen from Polymeric Nanoparticles
Authors: Shehata Sara , Serpell Christopher , Biagini Stefano
Published: September 2019

Smart polymeric systems are required that are able to release a therapeutic drug with controlled delivery. Herein we investigated the pH triggered release of ibuprofen from a polymeric nanoparticle system prepared using ring-opening metathesis polymerisation. The co-polymerisation of ibuprofen and poly(ethylene)glycol monomers followed by self-assembly produced a nanoparticle system that was shown to be stable at neutral pH but releases ibuprofen in alkaline conditions
The Impact of Secondary Coordination Sphere Nucleophiles on Methane Activation: A Computational Study
Authors: Anderson Mary E. , Cundari Thomas
Published: September 2019

p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Helvetica Neue'} Density functional theory and ab initio calculations indicate that nucleophiles can significantly reduce enthalpic barriers to methane C–H bond activation. Different pieces of evidence point to an electrostatic origin for the nucleophile effect such as the sensitivity of the C–H activation barriers to the external nucleophile and to continuum solvent polarity. The data further imply a transition state with significant charge build-up on the active hydrogen of the hydrocarbon substrate. From the present modeling studies, one may propose proteins with hydrophobic active sites, available nucleophiles, and hydrogen bond donors as attractive targets for the engineering of novel methane functionalizing enzymes.
HYPERURISEMIA DAN HUBUNGAN ANTARA ASAM URAT DARAH DENGAN GULA DARAH SEWAKTU DAN IMT PADA KOMUNITAS ETNIK ASLI DI HALMAHERA UTARA
Authors: Boleu Fiktor Imanuel , Mangimbulude Jubhar C , Karwur Ferry F
Published: September 2019

Latar Belakang: Studi hiperurisemia pada masyarakat dengan latar-belakang etnik tertentu di Indonesiamenarik dipelajari karena selain terkait dengan sejumlah indikator/penyakit metabolik tetapi juga karenakeunikan budaya dan kontribusi genetik yang mungkin signifikan memberi pengaruh. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk mengetahui prevalensi hiperurisemia dan melihat hubungannya dengan indikator metabolik lain,khususnya kadar gula darah sewaktu (GDS) dan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) pada komunitas etnik asli diHalmahera Utara.Metode: Sebanyak 240 responden dari 4 komunitas etnik asli di Halmahera Utara diikutsertakan dalampenelitian ini. Penentuan responden (etnik asli) melalui seleksi acak. Penelusuran responden dilakukandengan mengidentifikasi marga yang mewakili nama-nama keluarga pada masing-masing etnik asli diHalmahera Utara. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik Mann Whitney dan Spearman correlation.Hasil Penelitian: Prevalensi hiperurisemia tergolong tinggi, yakni 60% (pria 50,83% dan wanita 69,17%).Sebaliknya, prevalensi hiperglikemia lebih rendah sebesar 1,25% (pria 1,67% dan wanita 0,83%). Prevalensiberat badan lebih (overweight) dan obese adalah berturut-turut 29,17% dan 12,50%; pria 30% dan 11,67%;serta, wanita 28,33% dan 13,33%. terdapat korelasi positif namun tidak nyata antara kadar asam urat danGDS (r=0,082, ρ=0,207), dan terdapat korelasi negatif tidak nyata antara kadar asam urat dan IMT pada populasi etnik (r=-0,047, ρ=0,468). Hubungan antara kadar gula darah dan IMT pada keseluruhan data etnikmenunjukkan hubungan positif dan nyata (r=0,176, ρ=0,006).Kesimpulan: Prevalensi hiperurisemia (dan berat badan lebih) pada etnik-etnik di Halmahera tergolongsangat tinggi. Secara statistik, tidak terdapat hubungan antara nilai kadar asam urat dengan kadar GDS,demikian pula antara kadar asam urat dengan IMT. Terdapat korelasi positif nyata antara nilai IMT dankadar GDS.Kata Kunci: IMT, asam urat, gula darah sewaktu, halmahera utara
La evaluación al desempeño directivo y docente como una oportunidad para mejorar la calidad educativa
Authors: Cóndor Beatriz Hortencia , Remache Bunci Manuel
Published: September 2019

La investigación indaga las percepciones de directivos y docentes sobre la calidad educativa y las principales dificultades que enfrenta la educación en la actualidad.  También evalúa el desempeño del docente en el aula, mediante la observación de la clase y la reflexión pedagógica permanente de los procesos de enseñanza. Siendo esta última una tarea prioritaria de los organismos de control.  En la investigación fue necesario revisar las bases conceptuales inherentes al desempeño docente, acompañamiento pedagógico, liderazgo, estrategias de aprendizaje y la calidad de la enseñanza. La metodología de estudio se fundamentó en el enfoque cualitativo, apoyada en dos técnicas. La observación de la clase con el instrumento técnico denominado ficha de observación áulica, que permitió visualizar cómo se llevan a cabo los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Y la entrevista semiestructurada aplicada a una muestra de 43 investigados entre docentes y directivos de la Zona 9, Provincia de Pichicha. Los resultados obtenidos a partir de estos instrumentos permitieron conocer las fortalezas y debilidades reales existentes en la enseñanza.  Finalmente, se determinó que las actividades propuestas para desarrollar la clase guardan escasa relación unas con otras, no atienden a un enfoque pedagógico, ni a un método, técnica, estrategia o proceso de enseñanza. Además, la enseñanza se centra en el docente, quien expone sus saberes, mientras la participación del estudiante es mínima. Estos y otros hallazgos permitieron concluir que el desempeño directivo y docente influyen en el aprendizaje y el mantener prácticas pedagógicas tradicionales no contribuirá al mejoramiento de la calidad de la enseñanza.