bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conhecimentos multiprofissionais sobre cuidados paliativos e extubação paliativa na infectologia
Authors: Silva Brenna Costa da , Gonçalves Jonas Loiola
Published: January 2025

Resumo Este estudo, de caráter exploratório, descritivo e quantitativo, investigou a percepção e o conhecimento de profissionais de saúde sobre cuidados paliativos e extubação paliativa em infectologia. A coleta de dados foi realizada em um hospital de referência do Ceará, entre maio e dezembro de 2023, por meio de formulário eletrônico para captação de perfis sociodemográficos, percepção e conhecimentos de equipe assistencial e gerencial da instituição, em amostragem por conveniência. A maioria dos participantes eram pessoas pretas e pardas, com idade entre 20 e 67 anos, solteiras, católicas, com ensino superior concluído em instituições privadas e experiência de trabalho entre um e cinco anos. Destacaram haver equipe de cuidados paliativos, porém afirmaram não terem recebido em sua formação acadêmica capacitação e/ou disciplinas específicas. Reconhecem estar emocionalmente preparados para atuar num primeiro momento, porém não sentem ter habilidades práticas necessárias para a extubação paliativa. Destaca-se a necessidade de mudanças formativas em saúde perante o cuidado.
Direito internacional, raça e marxismo: esboço de uma abordagem baseada na forma-mercadoria
Authors: Knox Robert
Published: January 2025

Resumo Este artigo busca traçar um panorama da relação entre direito internacional, capitalismo e raça por meio da teoria da forma-mercadoria. Começa com uma discussão sobre a abordagem típica (liberal) do racismo no direito internacional, destacando suas falhas. Em seguida, explora como os marxistas entenderam a relação entre racismo e capitalismo, argumentando que tal relação impacta de modo fundamental na estrutura do direito internacional. Situando isso no contexto da obra de Pachukanis, o artigo reconstrói esta teoria para demonstrar como ela pode ajudar a conceitualizar as inter-relações estruturais profundas entre capitalismo, racismo e direito internacional.
Reaction of potato genotypes to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. in a naturally infested field
Authors: Pinheiro Jadir B , Silva Giovani O da , Pinto Thávio JB , Cunha Dwillian F , Rafael Felipe S , Santos Leandro A , Florentino Miguel LC , Ragassi Carlos Francisco , Carvalho Agnaldo DF de , Pereira Arione da S
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to verify the reaction of potato clones and cultivars to root-knot nematodes in a field area naturally infested by the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and M. ethiopica. Fifteen clones and five potato cultivars were evaluated, in addition to plots with okra and tomato susceptible species, in a field naturally infested with a Meloidogyne incognita and M. ethiopica population mixture, in an experimental field of Embrapa Hortaliças located in the Federal District, Brazil. The experiment was carried out from April to August 2022, in a randomized complete block design with four replications of five plants per plot. At the planting time, as well as when harvesting the genotypes, soil was collected to determine the initial and final nematode populations. When the plants were harvested, the total number of juveniles extracted from plant tissues (potato tubers and okra roots and tomato) was determined, as well as the calculation of the reproduction factor (RF), and the evaluation of tuber yield of the potato genotypes. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and grouping of means by the Scott-Knott test. The clones C2743-09-09, CH41, F119-12-01, F129-12-08, F63-10-13A, F65-13-06, F88-11-01 and OD38-06, and the cultivars Markies, Agata and Asterix were the least susceptible genotypes to field mix of the root-knot nematodes M. incognita and M. ethiopica. But combining a lower degree of susceptibility and good tuber productivity, clones MB54-02, F53-11-05, F63-10-13A, F65-13-06, OD38-06 stood out. The commercial cultivars Atlantic and Epagri Catucha presented greater multiplication of nematodes in the field than the other evaluated cultivars.
Propuesta de Mejora en la Gestión de Operaciones para Reducir los Costos de Producción en una Empresa Panificadora, Nuevo Chimbote - 2024
Authors: Henriquez Muñoz Yelsi Xiomara , Melendez Guillen Aldahir Sebastian , Dolores Mogollon Marly Pierina , Velásquez Pardo Miguel Anghello
Published: January 2025

El informe tuvo como objetivo determinar si la propuesta de mejora de la gestión de operaciones reducirá los costos de producción en una empresa panificadora de Nuevo Chimbote, 2024. Para alcanzar este objetivo, se diagnosticó el estado actual de la empresa mediante el diagrama de causa- efecto (Ishikawa). Donde se identificaron áreas críticas en toda la cadena de producción relacionados a la calidad de materiales, procesos estandarizados, maquinaria y capacitación del personal. Se propuso implementar estrategias como un sistema de capacitación continua con énfasis en el uso óptimo de materias primas para reducir los desperdicios, estandarización de procesos, buscar nuevos proveedores que ofrezcan mejores precios; y también se sugirió un sistema de mejora continua con el ciclo PDCA. Tras la implementación de estas estrategias, se logró disminuir los costos de producción en un 10% que representa un ahorro de S/.3,462.73, esta optimización contribuyó a la reducción de los costos de producción a S/ 27,753.66. Estos resultados confirman que la propuesta de mejora en la gestión de operaciones no solo alcanza el objetivo de reducir costos, sino que también fortalece la rentabilidad y la competitividad de la empresa en el mercado.
Role of the particle size and shape dispersion on stress transmission and strain energy storage
Authors: Li Y. , Buscarnera G.
Published: January 2025

Discrete element modelling (DEM) analyses are conducted to quantify how the statistical dispersion of the particle morphology influences stress transmission and strain energy storage of granular materials. DEM samples are prepared with both linear and bimodal size distributions and compressed isotropically. In addition, mixtures of particle shapes are used by covering a wide range of aspect ratios. The DEM results indicate that the contact dynamics are influenced significantly by size dispersion, with fine particles in the system tending to not transmit stress. More elongated particles are found to gain more contacts and substantially contribute to stress transmission. To rationalise these phenomenological findings, the results are interpreted in terms of the elastic strain energy characteristics of the DEM samples, by treating the latter as elastic granular continua. The analysis reveals that the fraction of strain energy stored in the particle fractions scales linearly with the particle size only at relatively narrow size dispersion, thus underscoring the need for corrective factors dependent on dispersion metrics (e.g. the coefficient of uniformity). A similar concept is examined also with reference to shape fractions, showing that a scaling relation based on the surface area of the particles provides a satisfactory corrective coefficient to account for non-spherical shapes.
Ultrasound and Thermosonication as Promising Technologies for Processing Plant-Based Beverages: A Review
Authors: Sotelo-Lara Dalia M. , Amador-Espejo Genaro G. , Álvarez-Araiza Diego F. , Cordero-Rivera Alondra K. , Millán-Quintero Karla G. , Campos-Vega Rocío , Velázquez-Estrada Rita M.
Published: January 2025

Plant-based beverages are water-soluble extracts of cereals, pseudocereals, seeds and legumes that resemble milk in appearance. However, these products have important differences compared to normal liquid milk, such as nutritional composition, sensorial properties and shelf-life stability. Increasing number of consumers are opting for these beverages due to lactose intolerance, milk protein allergies or lifestyle. In this regard, different emerging technologies have been investigated to solve problems such as shelf life, nutritional and emulsion stability as well as sensory acceptability, without using high temperatures since heat treatments decrease the content of some bioactive compounds. Ultrasound technology alone or combined with temperature (thermosonication) could be a valuable tool to improve the properties of plant-based beverages. Therefore, this review provides a detailed analysis of the effect of ultrasound and thermosonication on the physical, bioactive, microbiological and sensory properties of almond-, soybean-, coconut-, hazelnut- and peanut-based beverages, among others.
Los círculos restaurativos en la educación secundaria: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Vidal-Marti Cristina , Curto Reverte Andreu
Published: January 2025

The study presents a systematic review of restorative circles in secondary education, addressing the novelty of this practice and the paucity of research in this field. Restorative practice seeks to resolve conflicts in a non-punitive manner, promoting community building and healthy relationships between actors. The objectives of this review are to identify and analyse studies that expose the implementation of restorative circles in secondary schools, to know their benefits and to propose elements of improvement for their study. The methodology for the systematic review is based on the PRISMA recommendations. The study identifies fifteen research studies that explore the application of restorative circles. The results show benefits for students, including the creation of safe spaces, the fostering of positive relationships and the development of communication and emotional skills. In addition, benefits are noted for other stakeholders such as teachers, educational institutions and the wider community. It is concluded that there is a limited amount of research and a lack of consensus on some benefits, highlighting the need for further research and longitudinal studies to deepen the understanding of the impacts of implementing restorative circles in educational settings.
Machine learning model for threat analysis in composite security architecture
Authors:   Samara State Technical University, Russian Federation, Piletskaya Antonina V. , Orlov Sergey P. ,   Samara State Technical University, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

Currently, the number of cyber-attacks on various information systems is increasing. In this regard, the construction of composite security architecture is promising. Composite security architecture combines various methods and models into a single system. The modularity and flexibility of such architecture is especially effective in protecting distributed information systems. An important task is to study the potential impact of various threats on data integrity, the level of security, and ensuring secure inter-network interaction. The article analyzes various threat models. The application of machine learning based on the Isolation Forest algorithm is proposed. The STRIDE model is selected to illustrate the analysis of threats. A Python program has been developed to implement the Isolation Forest method to identify anomalies in data traffic. The results are presented in the form of graphs of the main parameters: number of requests, data volume, and response time. Silhouette Score model was used to assess the quality of training. The implementation of machine learning in combination with various security methods will help solve the problem of application architecture security and build an interchangeable modular structure.
Study of the effect of ultrasonic-assisted
extraction based on the Box-Behnken design on the phenolic compound content of Hammada scoparia leaves and evaluation
of their antioxidant and antibacterial activities
Authors: Salemi Meriam , Metrouh-Amir Hassiba , Amir Nadir , Moussa Hamza
Published: January 2025

Hammada scoparia is a plant of the Chenopodiaceae family. It represents a potential source of polyphenols and is used in traditional medicine in many countries. This research was carried out to evaluate the influence of ultrasound-assisted extraction parameters (ethanol concentration (30-70%), temperature (20-60 °C), time (10-30 min), and solvent-to-solid ratio (30-60 v/w) on total phenolic compound and total flavonoid contents, as well as the antioxidant capacity (DPPH assay) of H. scoparia, using the response surface methodology (RSM) approach and a Box-Behnken design (BBD). The obtained optimal extract of H. scoparia was used to evaluate ferric and molybdate reducing powers and ABTS scavenging activity as well as the antibacterial activity. Based on the BBD results, the extraction conditions, which gave the highest contents of phenolic compounds and flavonoids and the greatest DPPH activity, are: an extraction time of 30 minutes, a temperature of 20 °C, an ethanol concentration of 46.95%, and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 60 mL/g. The results of the determination of antioxidant activity revealed that H. scoparia extract inhibited free radicals DPPH˙ and ABTS˙, and reduced ferric and molybdate through different mechanisms. Concerning the antibacterial activity, the results obtained showed that H. scoparia extract was found to be active against all tested bacterial strains, with the exception of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. H. scoparia optimal extract could be a promising source for the pharmaceutical industry and food applications.
Typological Approaches to Recognizing Genus and Subgenus of Coronaviruses by Structural and Non-Structural Genes
Authors: Chaley M.B. , Kutyrkin V.A.
Published: January 2025

Owing to rapid growth of data on viral genomes in the result of metagenomic researches, bioinformatics and virology are increasingly interacting. There is even the term viral informatics, implying the existence of a whole complex of the databases, knowledge databases about the viruses and software tools for working with them. Among the problems of bioinformatics in virology, it was earlier pointed out to annotation of viral genomes. In the present work on the example of recognizing of subgenus and genus of the coronaviruses a fairly simple and effective typological approach to virus annotation is proposed which uses frequency characteristics of the codons in individual genes. Typological approach is characterized by averaging known data, in particular, such codon frequency characteristics, to determine the similarity or resemblance with them of analogical characteristics for object under consideration. Recognition of subgenus and genus is based on statistics that reveals deviation of coronavirus gene considered from corresponding gene of viral genome with known genus or subgenus. The work compares recognition based on structural genes encoding virion proteins (nucleocapsid protein N and spike protein S) and genes of non-structural proteins combined into a single reading frame ORF1ab. Four typological approaches were discussed in the article. In the first two averaging of all available data and data on prototypical strains only was done over the genera. In the third approach original data on prototype strains were averaged over the subgenera. The fourth approach was based on individual frequency characteristics of prototype strains of the subgenera. Three of the four typological approaches revealed high efficiency in recognizing genus and subgenus of the coronaviruses while using N-gene. The fourth approach proved to be the most effective for identifying genus and subgenus of the coronaviruses. In addition, it has made it possible to reduce the number of codons considered in N-gene of the coronaviruses and to increase recognition efficiency to almost 100 %.
Z Kuşağı Akademide: Örgütsel Sapma Davranışı Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma
Authors: İlhan Zeynep
Published: January 2025

Çalışmanın amacı, Z kuşağının akademide örgütsel sapma davranış algısının nasıl olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yaklaşımına başvurulmuştur. Fenomenoloji deseni kullanılan çalışmada veri analizi tekniklerinden biri olan tematik analiz kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemi ölçüt örnekleme yönetimi ile belirlenmiş olup çalışma örneklemini, Türkiye’de yer alan bir kamu üniversitesinde görev yapmakta olan 1995 ile 2010 arası doğumlu 10 akademisyen oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcılarla, yarı yapılandırılmış anket formu ile yüz yüze görüşme sağlanarak derinlemesine mülakat yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler deşifre edilmiş, Maxqda24 programı aracılığı ile kodlanmış ve konu ile ilgili temalar oluşturulmuştur. İki kategoride toplanan araştırmada bulguları yorumlanarak olgu ortaya konulmaya çalışılmış ve öneriler sunulmuştur.
Standardization of the Methodology to Study the Causes of the Propensity to Lie of Adolescent Individuals
Authors: Kochkina S.P.
Published: January 2025

The article presents the standardization of the author's methodology to study the propensity of young men and girls to lie based on the analysis of its components and value-sense determinants. The article substantiates the peculiarities of the questionnaire design in connection with the lack of diagnostic material. The technique includes statements distributed on three main scales (prerequisites, factors, conditions). Testees evaluate their attitude, choose one of 10 points and enter it into the questionnaire form. To standardize the methodology, the following methods were used: 1) quantitative analysis; 2) subjective assessment; 3) calculation of mathematical statistics (descriptive statistics, Spearman's correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha). Test subjects: cadets of the fire-rescue college in the number of 50 people. The results of the questionnaire were correlated with the obtained data on the methodology of diagnostics of self-assessment of approval motivation (lie scale) by D. Marlow and D. Crown. A strong positive correlation was revealed (P = 0.736; p = 0.01), indicating statistically proven validity of the author's methodology. Reliability analysis using Cronbach's alpha coefficient showed a high level of internal consistency of characteristics (a = 0.856). Retest reliability was checked 5 months after the initial diagnosis. The overall correlation amounted to P = 0.984, p = 0.01.
The Tolerance of Ambiguity in the Virtual Identity Statuses among Student Users of Online Platforms
Authors: Klementyeva M.V.
Published: January 2025

Objective. Assessment the contribution of virtual identity statuses and identity components to variation in uncertainty tolerance of ambiguity among users of online platforms in age of students.
Background. The users of online platforms reconsider identity commitments and explore identity alternatives in conditions of information uncertainty and ambiguity. Previous studies have clearly established what non-adaptive processes of identity development in real environments compensating for by problematic use of online platforms and assessing with low levels of tolerance for uncertainty, but little is known about the impact of virtual identity on tolerance of ambiguity.
Study design. We how ambiguity tolerance relates to virtual identity using a survey method among students who are users of online platforms. The associations of virtual identity and tolerance of ambiguity were examined using Pearson's r-test, and linear regression (Fisher's F-test), and structural equation modeling (SEM).
Participants. The sample consisted of data obtained from 350 students (35% male; 65% female), aged 18 to 25 (M = 19,8; SD = 1,62), users of online platforms.
Measurements. The study measured the indicators of virtual identity (VISI) and tolerance of ambiguity (MSTAT-I) using methods adapted to the Russian research pool.
Results. Commitment of virtual identity increases tolerance of ambiguity – a general measure, uncertainty preference, of attitudes towards new, ambiguous, difficult to understand, uncertain and internally contradictory environmental stimuli. The Exploration of virtual identity is associated with a preference for uncertainty. We have found that age raised the levels of the understanding of complex information and reduces the levels of the interest in new stimuli decreases. The outcomes of this study revealed that age gradient was found to be more pronounced in males than females, such that users of the males demonstrated higher growth forecast of levels of a tolerance of ambiguity. Moreover, a virtual identity status influences tolerance for ambiguity, such that users with a diffuse virtual identity reported a tendency to perceive ambiguity (ambiguous and new) situations as sources of threat.
Conclusions. The current study sparse existing literature of psychology with new data of whether tolerance of ambiguity relates robustly to identity, and support predictions of variability in tolerance of ambiguity depending on the virtual identity status, age and gender among users of online platforms in age of students. The pre-adaptive mechanism that links components of identity search and acceptance in virtual environments use to tolerance of ambiguity, this mechanism may be further moderated by age and gender factors.
Intertextual references in Austrian indictments
Authors: Nycz Krzysztof
Published: January 2025

The following paper focuses on intertextual references in Austrian indictments. Firstly, the legal and linguistic functions of indictments are discussed. Next, a concise presentation of linguistic approaches to intertextuality is provided. Finally, Austrian indictments are analyzed both with regard to the fulfilment of functional and structural requirements of the Austrian Code of Criminal Procedure (paradigmatic relations) and to different forms of intertextual references to other texts (syntagmatic relations). The paper thus corresponds to one of the key areas of focus in contemporary specialized communication research.
Tantangan Membelajarkan Materi Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (IPS) di Sekolah Dasar: Systematic Literature Review (SLR)
Authors: Khotimah Khusnul , Nusantara Toto , Mashfufah Aynin
Published: January 2025

Social studies subjects provide students with the chance to make them good citizens. However, teachers face challenges in teaching social studies materials in elementary school. To comprehensively find out the challenges in teaching social studies, the method used in this research is a literature study, with the stages of identification (344 articles), screening (78 articles), and inclusion (19 articles). The keywords used in data collection are challenges and difficulties in teaching social studies in elementary school. Based on the analysis of the articles, it was found that the challenges in teaching social studies materials in elementary schools include difficulties in integrating STEM subjects with social studies, limited time for social studies learning, lack of resources and access to information, lack of funding for facilities and infrastructure, inadequate evaluation and monitoring by the government, challenges for parents in supporting social studies learning, and limited socialization and guidance for teachers.

Mata Pelajaran IPS memainkan peran penting dalam kurikulum SD, memberikan siswa landasan pengetahuan yang kuat tentang dunia di sekitar mereka dan menjadikannya sebagai warga negara yang baik. Namun demikian terdapat tantangan yang dihadapi oleh guru dalam membelajarkan materi IPS di SD. Untuk mengetahui secara komprehensif tantangan dalam membelajarkan IPS, metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi literatur, dengan tahapan identifikasi (344 artikel), screening (78 artikel), dan inklusi (19 artikel). Kata kunci yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data yaitu tantangan dalam membelajarkan IPS, kesulitan dalam membelajarkan IPS, dan pembelajaran IPS di SD. Berdasarkan analisis artikel diperoleh hasil bahwa tantangan dalam membelajarkan materi IPS di SD antara lain kesulitan dalam mengintegrasikan mata pelajaran STEM dengan IPS, terbatasnya waktu pembelajaran IPS, kurangnya sumber daya dan akses informasi, kurangnya dana sarana dan prasarana, tidak memadainya evaluasi dan monitoring oleh pemerintah, tantangan orang tua dalam mendukung pembelajaran IPS, serta terbatasnya sosialisasi dan bimbingan bagi guru.
The Relationship Between Breast Milk Coverage, Mother's Education Level, Sanitation Hygiene, and Infectional Diseases and Incidents Of Stunting In Toddler In Bangkalan District, East Java
Authors: Katmawanti Septa , Masfi Achmad , Aditya Ronal Surya , Samah Dea Aflah , Putri Fatiya Rizka , Wahyuni Oktavia Sri , Rabbani Muhammad Fahmi , Sari Purnama Devita
Published: January 2025

Stunting remains a pressing global health issue, with 149 million children affected in 2020. In Bangkalan District, East Java, stunting prevalence reaches 25.2 percent, exceeding the provincial average of 19.2 percent. This study aimed to analyze factors influencing stunting, including breastfeeding coverage, maternal education, hygiene, and infectious diseases. Conducted from August to September 2023 in the Blega Health Center area, this analytical correlation study involved 35 toddlers aged 24–59 months selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected via questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and interviews, then analyzed using chi-square tests in SPSS. The results revealed significant relationships between exclusive breastfeeding and stunting (p value is less than 0.05) and between infectious diseases (e.g., diarrhea and URTI) and stunting (p value is less than 0.05). Toddlers not exclusively breastfed were 0.2 times more likely to be stunted, and those frequently suffering from diarrhea had a 0.13 times higher risk. However, no significant association was found between maternal education or hygiene behavior and stunting (p value is more than 0.05). These findings emphasize the importance of promoting exclusive breastfeeding and preventing infectious diseases as key strategies to combat stunting. Complementary measures, such as improving hygiene and sanitation, remain critical to creating a supportive environment for child growth and development
Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis of Open-angle Glaucoma
Authors: Yusef Yu. N. , Kazaryan E. E.
Published: January 2025

This literature review provides information on the capabilities and role of OCT-A in the diagnosis of open-angle glaucoma. The need for non-invasive methods of assessing the ocular vasculature has led to the development of OCT-angiography (OCT-A), which provides information on the state of both the retinal structure and its vascular bed through blood flow analysis, further increasing the value of this imaging method compared to conventional OCT. Blood flow assessment with OCT-A can be used to detect many retinal vascular abnormalities, such as the definition of areas of non-perfusion, non-functioning vessels, the appearance of new vessels in areas that are avascular, increased vascularity, the presence of micro- and macroaneurysms, capillary remodeling, macular telangiectasia, and venous malformations. OCT-A is a non-invasive imaging tool for the retinal and choroidal vasculature, providing a unique view of the vascular system that can be combined with information from other imaging modalities to complement and eventually provide unique information to assist the eye care practitioner in diagnosing or evaluating the effectiveness of interventions. OCT-A parameters are measured in the peripapillary region, and monitoring peripapillary and macular vessel density can provide important information to assess glaucoma progression and predict the rate of disease worsening. Studies show a strong correlation between OCT parameters, OCT parameters, and visual function as measured by visual field analysis in glaucomatous eyes. Future prospects for OCT-A in glaucoma diagnostics using artificial intelligence to predict structural and functional features based on early vascular changes will provide opportunities for early identification of patients at high risk for developing and rapidly progressing glaucoma. OCT-A has the potential to become part of glaucoma diagnostics and treatment.
Frequency Analysis of Ocular Hypertension after Microinvasive Ultrasonic and Traditional Guillotine Vitrectomy 25G
Authors: Aznabaev B. M. , Dibaev T. I. , Dzinter A. S. , Mukhamadeev T. R. , Zagidullina A. Sh.
Published: January 2025

Purpose. To compare the frequency of ocular hypertension in patients in the early postoperative period after microinvasive ultrasonic and 25G pneumatic guillotine vitrectomy.

Patients and methods. The article presents the results of studying intraocular pressure (IOP) and the frequency of postoperative ophthalmohypertension in patients in the early postoperative period after microinvasive ultrasound and pneumatic guillotine 25G vitrectomy. We analyzed the data of 256 patients (256 eyes) — 158 women, 98 men who underwent vitreoretinal surgery for the pathology of the vitreomacular interface, retinal detachment, diabetic proliferative retinopathy, hemophthalmia at the Optimed, Ufa with a follow-up for 1 month. For tamponade, physiological saline, gas-air mixture, silicone oil, sterile air were used, depending on the nature and severity of vitreoretinal pathology. The mean age was 59.2 ± 12.5 years. In the main group, patients were operated with microinvasive ultrasonic vitrectomy 25G (n = 136), in the control group — using pneumatic guillotine vitrectomy 25G (n = 120). Non-contact tonometry (Nidek Tonoref 3, Japan) was performed with a correction according to measurements of the central thickness of the cornea on a reflective microscope with pachymetry function (Tomey, ЕМ-3000, Japan) before surgery and on days 1, 7, and 30 after vitrectomy. Exclusion criteria from the study were: the presence of symptomatic ophthalmohypertension, glaucoma, traumatic injury to the angle of the anterior chamber, immature and mature cataracts, lens luxation. IOP indicators in both groups at different times of the early postoperative period (days 1, 7, 30) did not differ statistically significantly.

Results. The frequency of ocular hypertension on day 7 in the main group was 20.6 %, in the control group — 20 %, and on day 30 — 11 % and 10 %, respectively (the difference between the groups was not statistically significant, p > 0.05). The highest IOP values were observed with silicone oil tamponade.

Conclusion. The first analysis of the frequency of ocular hypertension in patients after microinvasive ultrasonic vitrectomy 25G did not reveal statistically significant differences with pneumatic guillotine vitrectomy for various types of tamponade.
Study of Influence of Various Methods of Intraoperative Keratoprotection in Phacoemulsification of Senile Cataract on Morphological and Functional State of Ocular Surface Structures in Late Postoperative Period
Authors: Tonkonogiy S. V. , Kolenko О. V. , Vasiliev A. V.
Published: January 2025

Purpose: to study the effect of various methods of intraoperative keratoprotection in phacoemulsification (PE) of senile cataract (SC) on morphological and functional state of the ocular surface structures (OSS) in the late postoperative period.

Patients and methods. 240 patients (240 eyes) who applied for surgical treatment of SC. Age: 65 ± 4 years. 109 men, 131 women. All patients were divided into three observation groups according to the method of intraoperative keratoprotection: 1st group — 60 patients, corneal irrigation with balanced solution; 2nd group — 60 patients, ophthalmic viscosurgical device was applied to the cornea; 3rd group: 3a subgroup — 60 patients, soft contact lens (SCL) was applied to the cornea; subgroup 3b — 60 patients, SCL impregnated with riboflavin solution was applied to the cornea. In addition to the standard ophthalmological examination, Schirmer I test, OCT-scanning were performed, and tear breakup time (TBUT) was determined.

Results. The lowest indicator of Schirmer I test was detected in the 1st group a month after the operation. The indicators did not change 2 months after the operation. There were no significant intergroup differences in the final observation period. The TBUT index in all groups decreased. 3 months after the operation, TBUT in the eyes of 3b subgroup was significantly higher in comparison to other groups. The best state of corneal epithelium thickness (CET) occurred in 3a and 3b subgroups. During the epithelium analysis according to OCT-mapping of the cornea, it was noted that the maximum decrease of CET and the number of defects was detected in the 1st and 2nd groups, and the minimum — in 3a and 3b subgroups at all follow-up periods after surgery. There were no significant intergroup differences in preoperative tear osmolarity. 3 months after surgery, tear osmolarity in patients of 3a and 3b subgroups was significantly lower than in patients of the 1st and 2nd groups. OSDI scores in all groups before surgery were comparable. 3 months after the operation, the minimum OSDI values were 3a and 3b in subgroups. Iatrogenic dry eye syndrome (DES) in patients of 3b subgroup was significantly lower than in patients of other groups.

Conclusion. In all the studied groups, the standard postoperative dynamics of OSS and TBUT and changes in CET were revealed, with the least variability in 3b subgroup. The use of SCL saturated with riboflavin showed the highest keratoprotective efficacy in PE SC, as it allowed a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of DES in patients after PE in SC (p < 0.05) in comparison with other methods. The developed method for predicting iatrogenic DES in patients after PE in SC is highly informative, because the number of patients in the 1st group with DES was within the expected range of error.
Efficacy of Picloxidine and Staphylococcal Bacteriophage in Preoperative Eradication of Staphylococcus Epidermidis
Authors: Bogdanova T. Yu. , Kulikov A. N. , Kraeva L. A.
Published: January 2025

In view of the current trend — growth of antibiotic resistance, the search for possible alternative methods of preoperative prophylaxis is relevant.

The purpose: to assess the impact of different methods of preoperative eradication of Staphylococcus epidermidis (the use of specific bacteriophage and picloxidine in combination with eyelid massage) on conjunctival and aqueous moisture contamination in the course of planned phacoemulsification.

Patients and Methods. 44 patients (48 eyes) were examined. Patients in group I underwent eradication with staphylococcal bacteriophage in combination with eyelid massage, in group II — with picloxidine according to the similar technique, group III was control group. Microbiological material was sampled from the conjunctival cavity before the application of the said methods and after blepharostat placement. Anterior chamber fluid (ACF) was examined at the end of the operation. Microorganisms were identified by MALDI-TOF method, sensitivity was determined by drip method.

Results. The percentage of S. epidermidis contamination of conjunctiva after blepharostat placement was 25.0 %, 68.8 % and 87.5 % in groups I, II, III, respectively, in the ACF it was found in 0.0 %, 12.5 % and 37.5 % in groups I, II, III, respectively.

Conclusion. Preoperative measures for S. epidermidis eradication with staphylococcal bacteriophage in combination with eyelid massage are significantly more effective than the similar technique with picloxidine and provide a significant reduction of conjunctival sac contamination by 75 %, and also absence of S. epidermidis in the ACF by the time of phacoemulsification completion.
Circadian Biorhythms of Stress-limiting Hormones in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy and Sarcopenic Obesity
Authors: Kopylov A. E. , Fabrikantov O. L. , Agarkov N. M. , Shmarova D. R.
Published: January 2025

The development of diabetic retinopathy is associated with the levels of melatonin, dehydroepiandrosterone and some other stress-limiting hormones, however, the circadian biorhythms of the latter were practically not analyzed in patients with diabetic retinopathy combined with sarcopenic obesity involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. The purpose: to study circadian biorhythms of stress-stimulating hormones in elderly patients with diabetic retinopathy and sarcopenic obesity. The study included an analysis of daily fluctuations of stresslimiting hormones in the morning and evening urine portions of 136 elderly patients with diabetic retinopathy combined with sarcopenic obesity and 125 patients of the same age with diabetic retinopathy without sarcopenic obesity. It was revealed that in patients with diabetic retinopathy and sarcopenic obesity, the content of all studied hormones, especially dehydroepiandrosterone (376,8 ± 5,2 mcg) and dopamine (323,8 ± 3,7 mcg), was statistically significantly lower compared to patients with diabetic retinopathy without sarcopenic obesity — 485,1 ± 6,3 mcg and 397,2 ± 5,4 mcg, respectively. Desynchronization of daily biorhythms in patients with diabetic retinopathy and sarcopenic obesity is expressed in a decrease in the content of cortisol in the morning and evening hours to 81,7 ± 2,2 mcg and 63,5 ± 2,5 mcg, melatonin to 8,4 ± 0,6 mcg and 19,5 ± 1,7 mcg, adrenaline to 10,9 ± 0,8 mcg and 4,2 ± 0,4 mcg, respectively. The gradient of changes in morning hormone values significantly (p < 0,001) exceeds that in the evening hours, amounting to –221,1 and –137,7, respectively, which indicates a decrease in the amplitude of daily fluctuations in circadian biorhythms of stress-limiting hormones among elderly patients with diabetic retinopathy combined with sarcopenic obesity, and the participation of desynchronization of the daily biorhythms of the hormones under discussion in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy combined with sarcopenic obesity. Circadian biorhythms of stress-limiting hormones are recommended to be taken into account in case of combined diabetic retinopathy and sarcopenic obesity.
Autologous Serum and Recombinant Nerve Growth Factor in the Complex Treatment of Neurotrophic Keratitis
Authors: Kasparova E. A. , Surnina Z. V. , Marchenko N. R. , Pateyuk L. S. , Yartsev V. D.
Published: January 2025

Neurotrophic keratitis is a frequent complication of neurosurgical interventions caused by a loss of corneal sensitivity due to damage of the trigeminal nerve pathway. The article presents a clinical case of a successful treatment of a neurotrophic corneal ulcer developed after removal of a giant trigeminal neurinoma. Treatment with autologous serum instillations made it possible to achieve ulcer healing and unstable corneal epithelialization. Stable epithelialization was achieved after temporary replacement of the autologous serum topical application with recombinant human nerve growth factor. In addition to ulcer healing and complete corneal epithelialization, regeneration of nerve fibers was noted (according to cornea confocal microscopy data).
Corneal Reinnervation after Recombinant Form of Nerve Growth Factor Treatment in Patients with Neurotrophic Keratitis
Authors: Taevere M. R. , Maychuk D. Yu.
Published: January 2025

Purpose. To evaluate corneal reinnervation in patients with neurotrophic keratitis after treatment with a recombinant form of human nerve growth factor (cenegermin) using confocal microscopy.

Patients and methods. The results of 4 patients treatment with neurotrophic keratitis of various etiology were analyzed. All patients showed ineffectiveness of reparative and etiotropic therapy for 3 months, therefore, cenegermin was prescribed as pathogenetic treatment. Patients underwent standard and specialised diagnostics. In addition, confocal microscopy of the cornea was performed with subsequent analysis of the density of the subbasal nerve plexus, maximum, minimum and total lengths of the corneal nerves using the ImageJ program. The maximum follow-up period was 12 months.

Results. After 8 weeks of treatment, complete epithelialisation and an increase in corneal sensitivity were observed in all patients. Analysis of the confocal scans showed that the maximum density of the subbasal nerve plexus was observed after 8 weeks of treatment. With increasing follow-up, the density of the subbasal nerve plexus increased to a lesser extent and the length of the nerves increased to a greater extent.

Conclusion. Treatment with a recombinant form of human nerve growth factor for 8 weeks results in regeneration and significant increase of the subbasal nerve plexus density. With the increase of follow-up period corneal reinnervation continues due to elongation of nerve fibers.
Comparative Characteristics of Corneal Confocal Microscopy after UV-A Cross-linking with Different Riboflavin Solutions in Experiment
Authors: Bikbov M. M. , Khalimov A. R. , Usubov E. L. , Zainutdinova G. Kh. , Valishin I. D. , Gilemzyanova L. I.
Published: January 2025

Corneal cross-linking (CXL) has become the most common way of managing keratectasia. To date, the Dresden protocol (G. Wollensak et al., 2003) has acquired many modifications, in which the composition of the applied agents or modes of CXL procedure have been changed. This article presents the results of studying morphological changes of rabbit cornea in vivo after CXL using riboflavin solutions of different composition.

Purpose: compare the effect of CXL on the corneal morphological structure in experimental animals by confocal microscopy using riboflavin with saline, dextran and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose.

Material and methods. The study was performed on 20 eyes of 15 rabbits, which underwent standard (Epi-Off) CXL with 0.1 % riboflavin in 3 groups: in the first group saline was used as a base, in the second group — 20 % dextran, in the third — 1.0 % hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). Corneal irradiation mode: 3 mW/cm2, 30 minutes, wavelength 370 nm. The corneal condition was evaluated at 3, 7, 14, 30 and 90 days after CXL. Biomicroscopy and confocal microscopy were performed in all animals using Heidelberg Retinal Tomographer HRT-III (Heidelberg Engineering, Germany). Keratocyte density was counted at the depth of 120–160 μm in the central zone on the area of 1 mm2. Statistical processing of the results was performed using Statistica 6.1 and Excel 2010 programmes.

Results. In vivo biomicroscopy and confocal microscopy of the rabbit corneas showed postoperative changes in the epithelium and stroma after CXL. In all groups, 7 days after CXL, there was a decrease in keratocyte density, due to apoptosis, observed predominantly in the anterior layers of the stroma. The number of keratocytes after CXL in group 1 was 192.5 ± 29.8 cells/mm2, in group 2 — 227.4 ± 38.2 cells/mm2, in group 3 — 204.4 ± 32.6 cells/mm2 against intact control 352.8 ± 35.2 cells/mm2. There was not statistically significant difference between the groups.

Conclusion. The results of lifetime confocal microscopy of the rabbit cornea demonstrated similar morphological changes in the early postoperative period, which were accompanied by the loss of subepithelial nerve fibres, development of lacunar edema, apoptosis of keratocytes with a decrease in their density mainly in the anterior and middle layers of the stroma. The beginning of keratocyte repopulation and nerve fibre regeneration was observed on the 30th day after CXL. No signs of endothelium damage were detected. A comparative assessment of the greatest effectiveness of CXL techniques with 0.1% riboflavin in saline, dextran or HPMC can be given on the basis of larger-scale experimental and clinical studies.
Prevention of Fibrous Changes in the Model of Ophthalmosurgical Trauma in the Treatment of Glaucoma
Authors: Nikitin V. N. , Ivanov D. I. , Obodov A. V. , Trunov A. N.
Published: January 2025

The process of fibrosis in the area of newly formed outflow tracts during surgical treatment of glaucoma leads to a decrease in efficiency. Today, various approaches are used to reduce postoperative scarring. In some cases, the use of certain methods, as well as their combinations, does not bring the expected result. It is proposed to evaluate the antifibrotic effect of adipose tissue autograft in an experiment. This study considers an experimental model for preventing fibrotic changes in surgical trauma during glaucoma treatment.

Objective: Development of a model and experimental clinical and morphological substantiation of the antifibrotic effect of adipose tissue autografting in the area of surgical trauma during glaucoma treatment.

Material and methods. The studies were conducted on 10 eyes of laboratory animals (5 mature rabbits). The animals underwent surgery according to the volume of traumatic impact corresponding to non-penetrating surgery. Two groups were identified: the main group — 5 eyes (the left eye of the animal) surgically treated with the introduction of a fraction of adipose tissue into the surgical area, the comparison group — 5 eyes (the right eye of the animal) without autotransplantation of adipose tissue. The observation period was 1 month. During biomicroscopy on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 30 after the intervention, the characteristics of the surgical area were assessed according to the Würzburg Clinical and Morphological Classification (WBCS). After the animals were withdrawn from the experiment, histological comparison of the tissue areas of the surgical areas was performed.

Results. Comparison of the total index of the Würzburg Clinical and Morphological Classification shows that starting from the 5th day after the intervention, there is a clear distinctive dynamic between the study groups. In the group with the introduction of adipose tissue, there was minimal vascularization of the surgical area, with the original height and width of the formed cushion maintained throughout the observation period. Histological comparison confirms the absence of signs of formation of scar connective tissue in the area of operation in rabbits with autotransplantation of adipose tissue, while in the comparison group rabbits there is a pronounced tendency to scarring.

Conclusions. The experimental model demonstrates the possibility of autotransplantation of adipose tissue into the sub-Tenon space in surgical treatment of glaucoma. The justification for the antifibrotic effect is obtained based on the obtained clinical and morphological data.
Clinical Aspects of Ophthalmological Examination of the Population Exposed to Chronic Radiation Exposure in the South Urals (2021–2023)
Authors: Mikryukova L. D.
Published: January 2025

This work is devoted to clarification of the peculiarities of ocular pathology in persons exposed to chronic radiation exposure and based on the long-term experience of the Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine (URCRM) in monitoring the health of the population and assessing the long-term consequences of exposure of the population of the Southern Urals. The population of the affected territories was exposed due to the discharge of radioactive waste into the Techa River by the Mayak PA and the explosion of a tank with high-level liquid waste in 1957. The objective of the study was to perform a descriptive analysis of the ocular pathology in exposed patients based on in-depth examination during 2021–2023.

Methods. The study included patients from the URCRM registry of exposed patients, examined by an ophthalmologist during 2021–2023 (1288 people in total). A single method of in-depth ophthalmological examination with photofixation of lens opacities was applied to all examined patients.

Results. According to the results of the survey, the most frequent pathology among ophthalmological diseases in persons exposed to chronic radiation exposure is vascular pathology, refractive pathology. The incidence of cataract increases with age and is 100 % in the oldest age group. The number of cataract cases is higher in women, and the age distribution of cases is approximately the same in men and women. Based on the results of ophthalmological examination with consideration of layer-by-layer changes in the lens, the most common changes in the lens begin with cortical opacities. At the age of 70 and older, changes in the crystalline lens affect all layers and become more uniform Changes in the nucleus and posterior capsule of the lens progress as patients age.

Conclusion. The performed work may have a good potential to use future research results for the assessment of radiation protection standards for the public.