bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trophic State Assessment of Brackish Bafa Lake (Turkey) Based on Community Structure of Zooplankton
Authors: SUKATAR Atakan , ERTAŞ Alperen , GÜLLE İskender , TÜNEY KIZILKAYA İnci
Published: August 2020

Zooplankton abundance and composition are one of the most important factors which affect the food web in aquatic ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to determine the water quality of Bafa Lake in Turkey, based on zooplankton communities. As the study case, Bafa Lake is one of the biggest lake in Turkey, and the lake is quite rich in terms of biodiversity. Bafa Lake is the under effects of domestic, agricultural and industrial wastes that accumulate and cause the deterioration of ecology in the lake by Büyük Menderes River. With this purpose, 8 sampling sites were determined and zooplankton samples were collected monthly for two years. TSINRot index and various versions of diversity indices were used to determine the water quality and ecological status of Bafa Lake. To determine similarities between the stations, the stations were clustered by using UPGMA based on zooplankton fauna. By applying Pearson Correlation, correlations between the indices based on zooplankton fauna were assessed. With the identification of collected zooplankton, a total of 73 taxa which belong to groups of Rotifera, Cladocera, Copepoda, and Meroplankton were detected. As a result of similarity analysis, most similarity values were obtained between stations 1, 2 and 8, respectively. According to TSINRot index, Bafa Lake has got a eutrophic ecological state while according to all versions of diversity indices, Bafa Lake has got the α-β mesosaprobic ecological state.
Balıklarda Genotoksik Hasarın Belirlenmesine Yönelik Bir Araştırma: Capoeta banarescui Örneği
Authors: KONTAŞ Seda , BOSTANCI Derya
Published: August 2020

Melet Irmağı, Ordu ilinin ana içme suyu kaynağıdır. Yukarı Melet Havzası fındık tarımında kullanılan pestisitlerden kaynaklı ağır metal ve diğer kirleticilerin etkisi altındadır. Bu çalışmada, Yukarı Melet Havzasından mevsimsel olarak su, sediment ve Capoeta banarescui bireylerinin bazı dokularında alüminyum (Al+3), nikel (Ni+2), arsenik (As+3), krom (Cr+3), kadmiyum (Cd+2), kurşun (Pb+4), mangan (Mn+2), demir (Fe+3), kobalt (Co+2), bakır (Cu+2), çinko (Zn+2) konsantrasyonları belirlenmiş ve bu elementlerin genotoksik potansiyellerinin tespiti amacıyla mikronükleus (MN) testi ve comet testi uygulanmıştır. Suda Al, As, Fe, Cu; sedimentte Pb ve balıkların kas dokusunda As, Pb, Mn bazı ulusal ve uluslararası limit değerlere göre yüksek bulunmuştur. Eritrositlerdeki MN frekansı en yüksek yaz mevsiminde (‰2,20) tespit edilmiştir (P>0,05). Comet testi sonuçlarına göre, eritrosit hücrelerindeki DNA hasarından dolayı oluşan kuyruk boyu değerleri ilkbahar, yaz, sonbahar ve kış mevsimlerinde sırasıyla 21,03 µm, 21,40 µm, 20,47 µm ve 9,02 µm olarak tespit edilmiştir ve en yüksek DNA hasarı yaz mevsimindedir (P<0,05). Kuyruktaki %DNA değeri de kuyruk boyu değerlerini desteklemektedir (P<0,05). Bu çalışma, Yukarı Melet Havzasında yaşayan C. banarescui türünde yapılan ilk genotoksisite değerlendirme çalışmasıdır. MN testi ve comet testi parametreleri, Yukarı Melet Havzasının ağır metaller ve çeşitli kirleticilerin genotoksik etkisi altında olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.
Özel Çevre Koruma Bölgelerinde Su Kalite Değerlendirmesi: Belek (Antalya, Türkiye) Örneği
Authors: ŞENER Şehnaz , ŞENER Erhan
Published: August 2020

Bu çalışmada Belek Özel Çevre Koruma Bölgesindeki yüzey ve yeraltısularının hidrojeokimyasal özellikleri, kullanılabilirlik durumu ve su kalitesi değerlendirilmiştir. Yeraltısularında genel olarak Ca-Mg-HCO3 ve Mg-Ca-HCO3 su tipleri hakimdir. Bölgedeki derelerden alınan yüzeysuyu örnekleri de benzer şekilde Ca-Mg-HCO3 ve Mg-Ca-HCO3 su tipi özelliği taşımaktadır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre yeraltısuları Mg, NO3 ve sertlik parametreleri bakımından; dereler ise NO3 bakımından içme suyu olarak kullanıma uygun değildir. Su kalitesi değerlendirmeleri sonucunda bölgede yaygın olarak sürdürülen tarımsal faaliyetler sırasında kullanılan gübreler ve evsel atık suların lokal olarak kontrolsüz deşarjlarının bölgede su kalitesini olumsuz etkilediği belirlenmiştir.
ELISA for quantification of RANTES (Regulated on Activation, Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted) in human serum or plasma. v1
Authors: A Justiz-Vaillant Angel
Published: August 2020

RANTES (Regulated on Activation, Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted) also known as CCL5 is a chemotactic cytokine for T cells, basophils, and eosinophils. RANTES also acts as a recruitment signal for immune cells into inflammatory sites.
ELISA for quantification of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in human serum or plasma. v1
Authors: A Justiz-Vaillant Angel , Ferrer-Cosme Belkis
Published: August 2020

IFN-γ is a key player in driving cellular immunity. It is capable of orchestrating numerous and vital protective functions to enhance immune responses in cancers and infectious diseases. It exhibits its immunomodulatory effects by enhancing antigen processing and presentation,, inducing an anti-viral state, increasing leukocyte trafficking, boosting the anti-microbial properties of immune cells and by affecting cellular proliferation and apoptosis. [1] Reference Kak G, Raza M, Tiwari BK. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ): Exploring its implications in infectious diseases.Biomol Concepts. 2018;9(1):64-79. Published 2018 May 30. doi:10.1515/bmc-2018-0007
ELISA for quantification of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in human serum or plasma. v1
Authors: A Justiz-Vaillant Angel , Ferrer-Cosme Belkis
Published: August 2020

The granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was initially classified as a hematopoietic growth factor. Instead, in inflammation, GM-CSF serves as a network of communication between tissue-invading lymphocytes and myeloid cells. Even though lymphocytes are in all likelihood the instigators of chronic inflammatory disease, GM-CSF-activated phagocytes are equipped to cause tissue damage [1]. Reference 1. Becher B, Tugues S, Greter M. GM-CSF: From Growth Factor to Central Mediator of Tissue Inflammation. Immunity. 2016;45(5):963-973. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2016.10.026
ELISA for measurement of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) in human serum. v1
Authors: A Justiz-Vaillant Angel , Ferrer-Cosme Belkis
Published: August 2020

MCP-1 is believed to play an important role in monocyte infiltration into tumor tissues. [1] MCP-1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. There is considerable evidence that supports that monocytes containing MCPs and macrophages influence the growth of other cell types within the atherosclerotic lesion. [2] References 1. Deshmane SL, Kremlev S, Amini S, Sawaya BE. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1): an overview. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2009;29(6):313-326. doi:10.1089/jir.2008.0027 2. Lin J, Kakkar V, Lu X. Impact of MCP-1 in atherosclerosis. Curr Pharm Des. 2014;20(28):4580-4588. doi:10.2174/1381612820666140522115801
ELISA for measurement of Platelet-activating factor (PAF) in serum. v1
Authors: A Justiz-Vaillant Angel , Ferrer-Cosme Belkis
Published: August 2020

MCP-1 is believed to play an important role in monocyte infiltration into tumor tissues. [1] MCP-1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. There is considerable evidence that supports that monocytes containing MCPs and macrophages influence the growth of other cell types within the atherosclerotic lesion. [2] References 1. Deshmane SL, Kremlev S, Amini S, Sawaya BE. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1): an overview. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2009;29(6):313-326. doi:10.1089/jir.2008.0027 2. Lin J, Kakkar V, Lu X. Impact of MCP-1 in atherosclerosis. Curr Pharm Des. 2014;20(28):4580-4588. doi:10.2174/1381612820666140522115801
ELISA for quantification of human immunoglobulin M (IgM) in serum or plasma. v1
Authors: A Justiz-Vaillant Angel , Ferrer-Cosme Belkis
Published: August 2020

IFN-γ is a key player in driving cellular immunity. It is capable of orchestrating numerous and vital protective functions to enhance immune responses in cancers and infectious diseases. It exhibits its immunomodulatory effects by enhancing antigen processing and presentation,, inducing an anti-viral state, increasing leukocyte trafficking, boosting the anti-microbial properties of immune cells and by affecting cellular proliferation and apoptosis. [1] Reference Kak G, Raza M, Tiwari BK. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ): Exploring its implications in infectious diseases.Biomol Concepts. 2018;9(1):64-79. Published 2018 May 30. doi:10.1515/bmc-2018-0007
ELISA for quantification of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) in serum or plasma. v1
Authors: A Justiz-Vaillant Angel , Ferrer-Cosme Belkis
Published: August 2020

IgGis a monomer with an approximate molecular weight of 146 Kd and a serum concentration of 9.0 mg/mL. It is synthesized mostly in the secondary immune response to pathogens. IgG can activate the classical pathway of the complement system, and it also is highly protective. The four subclasses of IgG include IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4. IgG crosses the placentae, protecting the neonate from infectious diseases. [1]
ELISA for quantification of human immunoglobulin A (IgA) in serum or plasma. v1
Authors: A Justiz-Vaillant Angel , Ferrer-Cosme Belkis
Published: August 2020

IgAappears in 2 different molecular structures: monomeric (serum) and dimeric structure (secretory). The serum IgA has a molecular weight of 160 Kd and a serum concentration of 3 mg/mL. Secretory IgA (sIgA) has a molecular weight of 385 Kd and a mean serum concentration of 0.05 mg/mL. It appears in mucosa membranes as a dimer (with J chain when secreted) and protects the epithelial surfaces of the respiratory, digestive, and genitourinary system. IgA possesses a secretory component that prevents its enzymatic digestion. It activates the alternative pathway of activation of the complement system. [1]
ELISA for quantification of human immunoglobulin D (IgD) in serum or plasma. v1
Authors: A Justiz-Vaillant Angel , Ferrer-Cosme Belkis
Published: August 2020

IgDisa monomer with a molecular weight of 184 Kd. IgD is present in a meager amount in the serum (0.03 mg/mL) and has an unknown function against pathogens. It is regarded as a BCR. IgD may play an essential role in antigen-triggered lymphocyte differentiation. [1]
ELISA for quantification of human immunoglobulin E (IgE) in serum or plasma. v1
Authors: A Justiz-Vaillant Angel , Ferrer-Cosme Belkis
Published: August 2020

IgEis a monomer. It has a molecular weight of 188 Kd and a serum concentration of 0.00005 mg/mL. It protects against parasites and also binds to high-affinity receptors on mast cells and basophils causing allergic reactions. [1]
Atypical variants of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy with benign course: a clinical observation for 8 patients without pathogenic therapy
Authors: Grishina D. A. , Suponeva N. A. , Rizvanova A. S.
Published: August 2020

Introduction. Atypical variants of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy are marked by its clinical heterogeneity and variable disease course.

Aim of the study. To describe clinical, anamnestic and neurophysiological features of patients with atypical variants of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, characterized by benign disease course, minimal motor involvement and not required pathogenic therapy.

Materials and methods. 8 patients (7 men (87 %) and 1 woman (13 %) at the age of 52–77 years) with atypical variants of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy were analyzed: 5 patients (62.5 %) with asymmetric variant – multifocal acquired demyelinating sensorimotor neuropathy and 3 patients (37.5 %) with sensory variant. All patients were observed at the Research Center of Neurology for the period of 2016– 2019. In each patient the proper clinical and laboratory evaluation was performed along with nerve conduction study and nerve ultrasound.

Results. The disease duration at the time of first visit was 1–8 years. By INCAT disability score 3 (37.5 %) patients had 0 points (normal), 3 (37.5 %) patients – 1 point and 1 patient had 2 (25 %) points. Nerve conduction study showed multifocal, asymmetric demyelinating changes in motor nerves. For the whole period of observation all patients were stable, so no one required pathogenic therapy.

Conclusion. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy is a clinically heterogeneous disorder, required clinical suspicion in all patients over 50 years with features of multiple nerve involvement; nerve conduction study helps to detect typical changes, including subclinical ones. The primary strategy of management typical and atypical disease variants in stable course and minimal symptoms is a case follow-up with precise assessment of advantages and disadvantages of pathogenic therapy.
Clinical and genetic characteristics of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 4D (type Lom) in Russia
Authors: Murtazina A. F. , Shchagina O. A. , Milovidova T. B. , Dadali E. L. , Rudenskaya G. E. , Kurbatov S. A. , Fedotova T. V. , Nikitin S. S. , Sparber P. A. , Orlova M. D. , Polyakov A. V.
Published: August 2020

Introduction. Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 4D is a hereditary demyelinating neuropathy, that occurs with the high frequency in patients of Roma origin. It is characterized by early onset at the age of 2–10 years and hearing impairment, manifested by the 3rd decade of life.

Aim of the study. To describe the clinical and genetic characteristics of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 4D in Russian patients of Roma origin.

Materials and methods. For 14 probands from unrelated families of Roma origin with a clinical diagnosis of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, genetic tests for the pathogenic variants c. 442C>T in the NDRG1 gene and c. 3325C>T in the SH3TC2 gene was carried out. For 8 patients with Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 4D, detailed clinical and electrophysiological examination was performed.

Results. In 11 families of Roma origin, the c. 442C>T pathogenic variant in the NDRG1 gene in a homozygous state was detected, which accounted for 79 % all observed Roma patients with Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease. There are 12 of the 14 tested families live in the European part of Russia, 7 of them are from nearby regions. The average age of onset was 3.3 years. The first symptom in 7 of 8 patients was gait disturbances. At the time of examination (age range 6–19 years), all patients showed marked hypotrophy and weakness of the feet, lower leg, hands muscles, feet deformities, reduction or loss of tendon reflexes.

Discussion. Due to the detection of only one pathogenic variant in most Russian patients of Roma origin with Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, the knowledge of the ethnicity of a proband with early myelinopathy can significantly simplify the confirmation of the diagnosis on the molecular level.
Schwartz–Jampel syndrome: comprehensive diagnostics and orthopedic treatment
Authors: Kenis V. M. , Komantsev V. N. , Dimitrieva A. Yu. , Melchenko E. V. , Morenko E. S.
Published: August 2020

Schwartz–Jampel syndrome (chondrodystrophic myotonia) is a monogenic genetic disorder, demonstrating unique coincidence of the features of skeletal dysplasia and neuromuscular disease. We present four clinical cases of Schwartz–Jampel syndrome. Principles of diagnostic and results of surgical treatment of the lower limbs deformities are discussed. Importance of this study comprises unique description of rare cases. Surgical treatment for orthopaedic conditions is important and can lead to functional improvement, prevent progression of deformities and enhance daily activity.
ADULT LEARNING AND SOCIALIZATION PROCESSES: RTA EXPERIENCE
Authors: Stafeckis Gatis , Lubkina Velta
Published: August 2020

ERASMUS+ Strategic Partnership project Adult Self-Learning: Supporting Autonomy in a Technology-Mediated Environment/ ASL (Ref. No. 2019-1-TR01-KA204-076875) co-funded by the Erasmus+ programme, Key Action 2: Cooperation for innovation and the exchange of good practices – Strategic Partnerships for adult education. The project aims at teaching learners to acquire new skills and competences using learning innovative practices and digital technologies as well as developing a functioning collaborative learning environment to help them identify skills gaps and needs and to collaborate locally and independently for joint capacity-building. The ASL project is expected to produce three main results corresponding to three primary European priorities:1. Supporting the setting up of, and access to, up skilling pathways (priority: adult lifelong learning);2. Improving and extending the supply of high quality learning opportunities tailored to the needs of individual low-skilled or low-qualified adults (priority: social inclusion/further education opportunities);3. Open education and innovative practices in a digital era (priority: adults' professionalization/empowerment).
ACTIVITY OF YOUNG PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES IN THE DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Usca Svetlana , Vindece Aija
Published: August 2020

Young people with disabilities are often socially inactive because their participation in social and economic processes is limited. In order to reduce this, digital technologies are important, the use of which allows any individual to engage in various types of activities (educational, cultural, economic, etc.).Objective of the paper: to analyze the results of exploratory research on the activity of young people with disabilities in the digital environment. Methods: questionnaire, focus discussion.The results suggest that support and education measures require a differentiated approach, in which it is important to determine the level of interests and digital competence of each young person with disabilities, clearly set goals that can be adapted to individual needs, tasks according to individual abilities/skills. This means working in small groups or individually.
TRANSVERSAL COMPETENCIES IN ICT STUDY PROGRAMS: AN INTRODUCTION TO CURRENT RESEARCH
Authors: Abuže Anda
Published: August 2020

The research is carried out within the framework of the doctoral thesis “Methodology and tools for sensor network design”, where transversal competencies and their assessment are related to ICT study programs, such as “Mechatronics” implemented by Rezekne Academy of Technologies and based on Smart Specialization Strategy (RIS3) ICT and smart materials, technologies and engineering systems.Today's labour market needs competitive employees who are able to analyze situations with systematic and design thinking. The education system needs to change in line with the requirements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, so prospective workers need to have knowledge of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary processes.The aim of this research is to determine the transversal competencies of ICT study programs. The monographic and descriptive method has been applied for studying scientific literature. The research looks at the competencies and skills that are needed for ICT graduates, such as digital, innovative, entrepreneurship, research, communication, critical thinking, human relation, leadership, planning, problem solving.
DOCTORAL STUDENT’S RESEARCH COMPETENCE
Authors: Zogla Irena , Lubkina Velta
Published: August 2020

Uncertainties in conceptualizations of research skills and competences draw heavily on the changing process of the development of these qualities in education and the relative importance of employment at different education levels that follow the completed by students programs; these also have to meet the uncertainties in competence structure and development. While the shift to competence approach in education is thus more complex than many accounts suggest, it does have major implications for important aspects of studies and teacher and educator work. These include: skill and competence definitions, structure, developmental dynamic and kinds of activities that ensure a stage-by-stage enhancement of these qualities. Research is among the most complicated activities at universities that students and educators have to cover; doctoral studies and the acquired competences are of a special concern. The aim of this article is to trace different approaches and classifications of the 21st Century competences, define research skills and researcher competence, as well as to provide a structure and development of a doctoral student’s competence in the area of education inquiry.
Gestión humana y responsabilidad social empresarial: un enfoque estratégico para la vinculación de prácticas responsables a las organizaciones
Authors: García Solarte Mónica , Duque Ceballos José Luis
Published: August 2020

Este documento académico-investigativo presenta los resultados obtenidos en un caso de estudio realizado en una empresa de clase mundial del sector de los cosméticos, con presencia en el suroccidente colombiano. Se busca determinar la importancia percibida de la gestión humana con respecto a la RSE,2 al igual que las herramientas y aportes que ésta hace al diseño y aplicación de actividades o prácticas de RSE. Se realiza un estudio de tipo cualitativo mediante entrevistas en profundidad dirigidas a los integrantes del área de gestión humana y la gerencia general de la empresa, cuyos resultados llevan a evidenciar la importancia de los procesos de comunicación de la RSE y la necesidad de establecer una posición con respecto a las políticas de RSE que se implementen en la organización.
Kurumsal Kimlik Oluşturmada Kurumsal İmaj Algısının Rolü: Örgüt Kültürünün Aracılık Etkisi
Authors: Çiçek Berat , Almalı Vedat
Published: August 2020

Bu çalışmada kurumsal bir kimlik oluşturabilme çabası için kurumsal imaj algısının önemi ve kurumsal kimlik ile kurumsal imaj ilişkisinde örgüt kültürünün aracılık etkisinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda yüksek öğretim kurumlarının iç paydaşlarının kurumsal imaj, kurumsal kimlik ve örgüt kültürü algılarının ortaya konulmasına yönelik nicel bir araştırma yapılmıştır. Araştırmaya veri toplamak için Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi’nin iç paydaşlarına bir anket çalışması uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler yapısal eşitlik modellemesine göre dizayn edilen araştırma modeliyle analiz edilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre, kurumsal kimliğin inşasında kurumsal imaj algısının önemli bir yere sahip olduğu ve bu ilişkiye örgüt kültürünün aracılık etkisi gösterdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kurumsal Kimlik, Kurumsal İmaj, Örgüt Kültürü, Yükseköğretim Kurumları, Yapısal Eşitlik ModeliJEL Sınıflandırması: M10, M14, M54
Halka Açık Şirketlerin Sürdürülebilirlik Raporları Analizi: Borsa İstanbul’da Bir Uygulama
Authors: Saygılı Ebru , Gören Yargı Seher , Erginer Deniz
Published: August 2020

Sürdürülebilirlik kavramı, çevre, turizm ve mimari alanlarının yanı sıra işletmelerde ve ekonomide sürekli olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren ve BIST Sürdürülebilirlik Endeksi’nde yer alan işletmelerin sürdürülebilirlik raporları, Küresel Raporlama Girişimi Rehberi’ne dayanarak ekonomik, çevre ve sosyal kategorilerinde incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, işletmelerde sürdürülebilirlik ile ilgili kavramların ne ölçüde açıklandığının belirlenmesidir. Çalışmada BIST Sürdürülebilirlik Endeksi’nde yer alan şirketlerin sürdürülebilirlik raporları Nvivo programı ile içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiş ve BIST Sürdürülebilirlik Endeksi’nde yer alan şirketlerin sürdürülebilirlik kavramını nasıl raporladığına ilişkin analiz sonuçları değerlendirilmiştir. Ekonomik sürdürülebilirlikte en çok değinilen unsur ekonomik performans, çevresel sürdürülebilirlikte ürün ve hizmetler, sosyal sürdürülebilirlikte ise istihdam ile iş sağlığı ve güvenliği olmuştur. Ayrıca çalışma kapsamındaki regresyon sonuçlarına göre, firma yaşı ve çalışan sayısı arttıkça şirketlerin sürdürülebilirlik raporlarının içeriği de daha kapsamlı hale gelmektedir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Sürdürülebilirlik, Küresel Raporlama Girişimi (GRI), BIST Sürdürülebilirlik Endeksi, Firma Yaşı, Firma BüyüklüğüJEL Sınıflandırması: F65, M10, M40, M42, M49, O16, P45
Tütün Yasağının Genişletilmesinin Sigara Kullanma Olasılığı Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: Tirgil Abdullah
Published: August 2020

Dünya genelinde hükümetler tütün ile ilişkili hast alıkları ortadan kaldırmak için tütün kullanımına karşı bir dizi önlemler alarak mücadele etmektedirler. Türkiye, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün ilk global umumi sağlık antlaşmasını imzaladıktan sonra tütün salgın hastalığına karşı acilen bir dizi karşıt politikayı hayata geçirmiştir. Sigara tüketiminin azaltılması bağlamında yeni bir kanıt sunmak adına Türkiye için yapılan Küresel Yetişkin Tütün Anketleri 2008 ve 2012 verisetlerine Lineer Olasılık Modellerini uygulayarak tütün karşıtı politikanın etkilerini inceledik. 2009 ve 2010 yılları arasında uygulamaya konulan tütün karşıtı iki önemli politikanın sigara kullanıcısı olma olasılığı üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve negatif bir etkisi görülmektedir. Konuya cinsiyet perspektifinden yaklaştığımızda; bu politika her iki cinsiyetin de sigara kullanıcıları olma olasılıklarını düşürmektedir fakat bu etki yetişkin erkekler için daha fazladır. Eğitimin kadın ve erkek üzerindeki etkisi farklılaşmakta; eğitimli kadınların sigara içme olasılıkları daha yüksek iken yetişkin erkekler için bu durum tam tersidir. Politika yapıcılar tütün tüketimine önlem almak ve sigara salgınını durdurmak için bu çalışmanın sonuçlarını dikkatle incelemeli ve cinsiyet farklılıklarını dikkate alan bir takım politikalar geliştirmelidirler.
Merkezi Olmayan Kriptopara Birimlerinin Yıkıcı Yenilik Potansiyeli
Authors: Güleç Tuna Can
Published: August 2020

Kriptopara piyasaları, Bitcoin ilk popüler hale geldiğinden bu yana kendisinden beklenenlerin sadece küçük bir kısmını gerçekleştirebildi. Bitcoinden sonra gelen ve teknik olarak üstün niteliklere sahip kriptopara birimlerinin geliştirilmesi, pazarda da yıkıcı bir inovasyon etkisi yaratmayı başaramadı. Kriptopara birimi piyasasının neden algılanan yıkıcı yenilik potansiyelini yerine getiremediğini anlamak için, bu çalışma ilgili yazını sistematik bir şekilde incelemektedir. Yazın detaylıca incelenmiş ve belirli ölçütleri karşılayan birçok çalışma derlemeye dâhil edilmiştir. Bu çalışmalar, konuya yaklaşımlarına dayanarak, destekleyici çalışmalar ve çelişkili çalışmalar olarak kategorize edilmiştir. Bu kategorilerde, incelenen her çalışmanın bulgularına ve sonuçlarına dayanarak alt bölümler oluşturulmuştur. Teorik tartışma sonrasında, sezgisel yapay zeka algoritma çıktılarıyla desteklenen bir regresyon modeli kullanılarak piyasadaki fiyat hareketlerinin rasyonelliği test edilmiştir.Yazındaki çalışmalardan yola çıkarak varılan sonuca göre, kriptopara birimleri, sadece piyasa ihtiyaçlarına en uygun niteliklere sahip olan para birimlerinin hayatta kalmasına izin verecek şekilde çalışan bir doğal seçilim mekanizmasına ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Ek olarak, regresyon analizinin bulguları yazın ile eş yönlüdür ve kripto para birimi fiyatlarının, insan irrasyonelliğini hesaba katan gelişmiş AI algoritmalarının kullanımıyla bile doğrudan tahmin edilemez olduğunu göstermektedir. Tüm bunlar bir bütün olarak, mevcut ICO tabanlı kriptopara piyasasının kademeli bir şekilde başarısız olacağına işaret etmektedir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Finansal Piyasalar, Fintek, KriptoparaJEL Sınıflandırması: G14, F30, E30
Risk Tabanlı Smart Beta Stratejilerin Borsa İstanbul’da Uygulanması
Authors: Yıldız Selim Baha
Published: August 2020

Bu çalışmada 2013-2018 yılları arasında piyasa değeri ağırlıklı hesaplanan BİST 30 Endeksinin getiri-risk performansı ile endeks içindeki hisse senedi ağırlıklarının risk tabanlı (Minimum Varyans - Eşit Risk Katkılı - Maksimum Çeşitlendirilmiş) ve eşit ağırlıklı stratejilere göre belirlendiği portföylerin performanslarının karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır. Oluşturulan stratejilerin hepsinin yıllıklandırılmış getirisi kıyaslama ölçütü kabul edilen BİST 30 Endeksinin getirisine göre üç kattan daha fazla bulunmuştur. Benzer şekilde tüm stratejilerin yıllıklandırılmış riski kıyaslama ölçütüne göre daha düşük düzeydedir. İnceleme dönemi boyunca portföyünde bankacılık hisse senedi ağırlığı az olan Maksimum Çeşitlendirilmiş Strateji getiri açısından, Minimum Varyans Stratejisi ise risk açısından diğer incelenen portföylere göre daha iyi performans sergilemişlerdir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Smart Beta, Minumum Varyans Strateji, Eşit Risk Katkılı Strateji, Maksimum Çeşitlendirilmiş StratejiJEL Sınıflandırması: G11
Kredi Derecelendirmenin Borsa Endeksleri Üzerindeki Etkileri: T-BRICS Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: Ovalı Musa , Kocabıyık Turan , Geyikçi Umut Burak
Published: August 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı derecelendirme kuruluşları tarafından verilen ülke derecelendirme notlarının ülkelerin borsa endeksleri üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla, S&P, Moody’s ve Fitch derecelendirme kuruluşları tarafından 2004-2019 yılları arasında T-BRICS ülkelerine verilen derecelendirme notlarının hisse senedi piyasaları üzerine etkileri olay çalışması yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Anormal getirilerin varlığı, olayın etkilerini açık bir şekilde ortaya koyabilmek amacıyla ±15, ±10, ±5 ve ±1 günlük olay pencereleri dahilinde incelenmiştir. Analiz sonucunda bazı ülkelerin borsa endekslerinde negatif (pozitif) olayla aynı yönde negatif (pozitif) anormal getiriler tespit edilmiştir. Ek olarak bazı ülkelerin ise coğrafi konumları itibarıyla aynı olaylar karşısında farklı tepkiler verebildiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda not duyurularının istatistiki olarak anlamlı kümülatif anormal getiri, ortalama anormal getiri ve kümülatif ortalama anormal getiriye yol açtığı tespit edilmiş, ilgili ülkelerdeki mevcut piyasaların yarı-etkin piyasa formunda etkin olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kredi Derecelendirme, Ülke Kredi Derecelendirme, T-BRICS, Olay Çalışması, Anormal Getiri, Kümülatif Anormal Getiri. JEL Sınıflandırması: G14, G24, N20
Politik Kutuplaşma ve Gelirin Kişisel Dağılımı
Authors: Keyifli Nazlı , Akdede Sacit Hadi
Published: August 2020

Bu çalışmada, politik kutuplaşmanın belirleyicileri ampirik olarak incelenmektedir. Devletin ekonomik büyüklüğü ve gelir dağılımı ve diğer kontrol değişkenleri bağımsız değişkenleri oluşturmaktadır. İstatistiksel analiz olarak EKK ve 2EKK yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamına 61 ülke dahildir ve 1990 ile 2015 arasındaki zaman aralığı kullanılmıştır. Regresyon analizi sonuçları, gelir eşitsizliğinin artmasının politik kutuplaşmayı arttırdığını gösteriyor. Politik kutuplaşma, Dünya Değerler Araştırması'ndan (WVS) elde edilmiştir. Söz konusu değişken “government responsibility” sorusuna verilen yanıtların standart sapması olarak ölçülür. Ek olarak, bizim ampirik sonuçlarımız hükümet büyüklüğünün artmasının politik kutuplaşmayı azalttığına işaret ediyor. Çalışma bu bulguların bağlantılarını açıklamaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Politik Kutuplaşma, Kamu Büyüklüğü, Gelir DağılımıJEL Sınıflandırması: H50, P16,D31
Türkiye’de İmalat Sanayi ve Tarım Sektörlerinin Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Etkisi: 1998-2020 Dönemi Analizi
Authors: Kopuk Ezgi , Meçik Oytun
Published: August 2020

Bu çalışma Türkiye ekonomisinin önemli sektörleri olan imalat sanayi ile tarım sektörlerinin dış ticaretinin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkilerini tespit etmeyi amaçlar. 1998 birinci çeyrek ve 2020 birinci çeyrek dönemini kapsayan analizde, sektörlerin dış ticaret değerleri ve GSYH verileri kullanılarak zaman serisi teknikleri ışığında; birim kök testleri ve Johansen eşbütünleşme testi uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca Granger nedensellik testi ile değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin; tarım sektöründen GSYH’ye tek yönlü ve tarımdan imalat sanayiine doğru çift yönlü bir Granger nedenselliğin söz konusu olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Böylece tarım-imalat sanayi sektörleri arasında geri bildirim hipotezinin geçerli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Dolayısıyla imalat sanayi ile tarım sektörlerine yapılan yatırımların, büyümenin bir nedeni olduğu ve aralarındaki ilişki göz önünde bulundurularak, politika yapıcıların bu sektörleri öne alan politikalar geliştirmesinin makroekonomik açıdan ülke ekonomisine yararlı olacağı ifade edilebilir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Ekonomik Büyüme, Tarım, İmalat SanayiJEL Sınıflandırması: F1, F43, L6, O13
Sınıraşan/Organize Suçlar Bağlamında Avrupa Birliği
Authors: Yıldız Furkan
Published: August 2020

Bu çalışmanın temelde amacı, Avrupa Birliği sınırları içerisinde hem ekonomik hem de politik birçok olumsuz sonuç doğuran organize suç olgusunu inceleyerek, bu yasa dışı aktivitelere dair Birliğe yol haritası çizen Ağır ve Organize Suçlar Değerlendirmeleri içerisindeki değişimleri analiz etmektir. Çalışma yöntem olarak öncelikle literatür taraması ile organize suç olgusunun kavramsal çerçevesini çizmiş, daha sonra ise Europol tarafından hazırlanan 2014-2017 ve 2018-2021 yıllarına ait değerlendirmeleri karşılaştırarak organize suçların Birlik içerisindeki değişimini değerlendirmiştir. Bu karşılaştırmalardan elde edilen en çarpıcı sonuçlardan biri 2014-2017 yıllarına ait politikaların belirlenmesine yönelik değerlendirmelerde çevre suçları, terörün finansmanı ve kara para aklama suçları odaklanılması gereken suçlar arasında geri planda kalmıştır. Fakat Brüksel’de ve Paris’te gerçekleştirilen terör eylemlerinin ardından Europol özellikle terörün finansmanı konusunu ön plana almıştır. Bu çalışma, çok yönlü karakteriyle hem organize suç olgusunu değerlendirmiş hem de daha önce karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmeyen iki ardışık dönemi organize suçlar bağlamında analiz etmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Organize Suçlar, Europol, SOCTA, Avrupa BirliğiJEL Sınıflandırması: F50, K33
25 Years of Monitoring Income and Living Standards of the Russian Population
Authors: Bobkov Vyacheslav N. , Gulyugina Alevtina A.
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to understanding the results of 25 years Of monitoring of income and living standards of the population (hereinafter-Monitoring) in post-Soviet Russia. Monitoring began in 1995 in connection with the disorganization of the economy in the early 90's of the last century and the need to respond to the negative consequences of rapid growth in prices and tariffs and changes in consumer consumption, which have a pronounced regional specificity. The objects of Monitoring and its conceptual framework are presented. The article describes the main blocks of its indicators: generalizing, social standards, labour and employment, monetary income, social support, spending and consumption, socioeconomic differentiation, including a total of 79 indicators and indices, and shows the methodological basis for their calculations. The main attention is focused on the analysis of the values and dynamics of qualitative assessment indicators, which are a comparison of statistical primary and analytical values with criteria standards – social standards of current consumption and their monetary equivalent. These include the development of a system of consumer budgets for the population of different levels of material security: the subsistence minimum, the socially acceptable / minimum consumer budget, and consumer budgets of medium and high affluence. The article analyzes the values and dynamics of purchasing power of per capita monetary income, the social structure of the population by the level of material security, and interregional differentiation of income and living standards at key points in the period 1995-2019. The prospects for the development of Monitoring, which the article associated with the continuation of its unifying role in the study of the values and dynamics of indicators of income and standard of living, with profound economic and social differentiation of the population based on social standards, income, housing, quality of employment, etc., as well as testing new indicators to complement social data of the state statistics in the sensitive areas of revenue generation and standard of living, taking into account unstable (precarious) employment, digitalization of the economy, changes in the sources and structure of payments provided by social protection of the population.
Work-life Balance Under Conditions of Changes in the Quality of Working Life
Authors: Razumova Tatiana O. , Aleshina Anna B. , Maria A. Serpikhova
Published: August 2020

Work-life balance is an indicator of satisfaction with human life as a whole and is becoming more relevant in socioeconomic conditions today. A balance between two important areas of human life can be achieved only with a high quality of working life, but it is now subject to serious fluctuations in conditions of active spread of remote forms of employment. The article deals with studying the state of work-life balance during the period of changes in the quality of working life due to the pandemic of «Covid-19» and the forced transition to remote work. In the theoretical part of the article the authors consider approaches to determining the main elements of the quality of working life and their indicators, identifying various aspects of the studying worklife balance. Labour quality indicators usually consider the ratio of working life to non-working life, but in this article the authors give evidence how the quality of working life can influence the achievement of work-life balance. In the practical part of the study, based on the author's survey, the main factors affecting the balance and quality of working life in the context of two-time intervals have been analyzed: before and after introducing of the self-isolation regime. The study has made it possible to determine changes in the work-life balance for different groups of employees due to changes in the main parameters of the quality of working life after the self-isolation regime was introduced and the transition to remote work occurred.
Maternity (family) Capital as a Support Program for Families with Children: Implementation Results and Development Prospects (Part One)
Authors: Elizarov Valeriy V. , Dzhanayeva Natal’ya G.
Published: August 2020

Maternity (family) capital (hereinafter referred to as M(F)C) is a certain amount of funds allocated to families with children from the state budget with the goal of creating conditions providing families with children with a decent life. M(F)C as an additional measure of support for families at the birth of a second child was introduced in 2007 for the period until 12/31/2016. The right to M(F)C in the amount of 250 thousand rubles was obtained by women who gave birth (adopted) a second child after January 1, 2007, as well as a third or subsequent child, if they had not previously exercised their right to M(F)C. The law initially allowed the use of M(F)C to improve housing conditions, to receive education by children, and to form the funded part of the mother’s labor pension. The article analyzes the theoretical and practical issues of the development of the M(F)C program, the statistics of Rosstat, the Ministry of Labor and the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, characterizing M(F)C. The article is divided into two parts due to its large volume. The first part of the article explores the conceptual and applied aspects of the origin and development of the M(F)C program. The genesis of the idea of maternal capital and the path from idea to bill is considered. The baseline parameters, such as the size of the capital, the period of action, the directions of use and the conditions governing access to funds M(F)C are analyzed. The second part shows how the initial parameters were adjusted: the extension of the period of action, the reduction of the period preceding the possibility of use, improving the conditions of use by adding new directions. The statistics of M(F)C, changes in the direction of its use and expenditures on these areas are analyzed. Proposals are presented to develop the M(F)C programme, to expand its use to better support families with children.
Welfare of the Individual in the crisis of the regional socioeconomic system
Authors: Chichkanov Valery P. , Kuklin Alexander A. , Okhotnikov Sergey A. , Korobkov Ilya V.
Published: August 2020

The object of the study. Regional economy. The subject of the study. Socio-economic relations, which transform into conditions that cause threats and affect the level of personal welfare in the territory of residence. The Purpose of the study. Diagnosing the welfare of the individual in the territory of residence taking into account the impact of the security and cooperation in the region. The Main Aspects of the Article. 1. A modular scheme of the welfare of the individual in the territory of residence is presented. Two insignificant modules for diagnosing the well-being of an individual in the territory of residence were removed and multicollenarity of indicators was excluded. 2. We developed an express-diagnostics of the welfare of the individual in the territory of residence taking into account the security and cooperation in the region based on cross-correlation function. The analysis of the mutual influence of economic security and welfare of the individual in the territory of residence with a gradation in the types of interaction is given. Three types of interaction have been identified: a) a simultaneous increase in indicators of welfare of individual in the territory of residence and indicators of economic security; b) indicators of economic security act as supporting elements for indicators of welfare of the individual in the territory of residence; c) stationary behavior of indicators of both modules. 3. The scalar potential of the interaction between economic security and of the welfare of individual in the territory is proposed, for which a stable position is allocated. This potential takes into account all three types of interaction of personal welfare in the territory of residence with economic potential. 4. The results of the subjects of the Ural Federal District are classified according to main types of crises. Comparison of the situation of the subjects of the Ural Federal District during the financial and economic crisis of 2008-2009 is considered in detail and that of stagnation period of 2016-2019.
Regulation of inter-regional differences of the Russian Federation regions in the context of national projects «Healthcare» and «Demography»
Authors: Gabdullin Nail M. , Kirshin Igor A. , Shulaev Aleksey V.
Published: August 2020

The subject of the study is the inter-regional differences in the state of public health and the demographic situation in the Russian Federation regions. The theoretical aspect of the subject is determined by the development of priorities of the Russian healthcare development strategy aimed at alignment of regional differences in the levels of healthcare development in the Russian Federation regions. The empirical aspect of the subject is to identify interregional differences in the state of public health and the demographic situation in the Russian Federation regions by using the EM cluster analysis method (Expectation Maximization). The method was implemented in the integrated development environment RStudio. The official statistics from Rosstat for the period 2014–2018 were used as the initial dataset. The purpose of the study is justifying the regulation of inter-regional differences of the Russian Federation regions. As a result of clustering, nine homogeneous clusters of the Russian Federation regions were identified. The main characteristics of the formed clusters are determined. Among the priorities of the RF healthcare development strategy are as follows: implementation of a unified tariff policy in the system of compulsory medical insurance; ensuring the balance of territorial compulsory medical insurance programs within the framework of the basic programme of compulsory medical insurance through financial security based on a single per capita standard; development of telemedicine, providing prompt remote consultation of leading experts in the provision of medical care, regardless of the territorial location of the patient and the doctor; ensuring the implementation of distance education courses and continuing education programs for medical workers; rationalization of the distribution of resources and capacities of medical organizations based on a three-tier system of medical care; development of regional public health centres. The results of this study can be used to develop federal and territorial programs for socioeconomic development, formulate a strategy for the development of healthcare at macro- and meso- levels, and optimize decisions of regional authorities regarding population policy.
Development of the region based on the activation of internal factors
Authors: Leonidova Ekaterina G.
Published: August 2020

The state of the economy of the Russian regions is to a considerable extent determined by the external environment, in the conditions of the negative impact of which on the socioeconomic processes, it is necessary to search for internal sources that reduce these restrictions. Their stimulation could minimize dependence on energy exports and fluctuations in the external economic situation, change the reproductive structure of the economy, and thereby ensure the socioeconomic development of the regions. The aim of the study is identifying and scientifically substantiating the activation of such internal factor as tourism, the potential of the latter being not fully utilized, but can stimulate regional development. The object of the research is the European North of Russia, where economy is dependent on the export of power resources. The subject of the study is the internal factors that ensure the development of regional socioeconomic systems. The information base of the study has been the statistical data of the Federal State Statistics Service, the data of sociological surveys conducted by the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Vologda Research and the information of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). The study is based on the work of domestic and foreign scientists involved in ensuring economic growth and development of territories on the basis of tourism, in particular. The authors suggests a scientific approach that allows identifying reserves for stimulating regional development based on using the potential of internal factors of the socioeconomic subsystems of the region. The author stresses determines that for the European North of Russia the tourism subsystem with significant potential is a substantional factor of regional development.. Based on the analysis, it has been revealed that insufficient influence of tourism on the region’s economy is associated with the weak demand of the population for domestic tourism due to a lack of funds. In conclusion, areas that promote the consumption of tourist goods and services in the region are proposed.