bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distributions of low molecular weight dicarboxylic acids, ketoacids and α-dicarbonyls in the marine aerosols collected over the Arctic Ocean during late summer
Authors: Kawamura K. , Ono K. , Tachibana E. , Charriére B. , Sempéré R.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. Oxalic and other small dicarboxylic acids have been reported as important water-soluble organic constituents of atmospheric aerosols from different environments. Their molecular distributions are generally characterized by the predominance of oxalic acid (C2) followed by malonic (C3) and/or succinic (C4) acids. In this study, we collected marine aerosols from the Arctic Ocean during late summer in 2009 when sea ice is retreated. The marine aerosols were analyzed for the molecular distributions of dicarboxylic acids as well as ketocarboxylic acids and α-dicarbonyls to better understand the source of water-soluble organics and their photochemical processes in the high Arctic marine atmosphere. We found that diacids are more abundant than ketoacids and α-dicarbonyls, but their concentrations are generally low (< 30 ng m−3), except for one sample (up to 70 ng m−3) that was collected near the mouth of Mackenzie River during clear sky condition. Although the molecular compositions of diacids are in general characterized by the predominance of oxalic acid, a depletion of C2 was found in two samples in which C4 became the most abundant. Similar depletion of oxalic acid has previously been reported in the Arctic aerosols collected at Alert after polar sunrise and in the summer aerosols from the coastal Antarctica. Because the marine aerosols that showed a depletion of C2 were observed under the overcast and/or foggy conditions, we suggest that a photochemical decomposition of oxalic acid may have occurred in aqueous phase of aerosols over the Arctic Ocean via the photo dissociation of oxalate-Fe (III) complex. We also determined stable carbon isotopic compositions (δ13C) of bulk aerosol carbon and individual diacids. The δ13C of bulk aerosols showed −26.5‰ (range: −29.7‰ to −24.7‰), suggesting that marine aerosol carbon is derived from both terrestrial and marine organic materials. In contrast, oxalic acid showed much larger δ13C values (average: −20.9‰, range: −24.7‰ to −17.0‰) than those of bulk aerosol carbon. Interestingly, δ13C values of oxalic acid were higher than C3 (av. −26.6‰) and C4 (−25.8‰) diacids, suggesting that oxalic acid is enriched with 13C due to its photochemical processing (aging) in the marine atmosphere.
SPECTRUM-BASED OBJECT DETECTION AND TRACKING TECHNIQUE FOR DIGITAL VIDEO SURVEILLANCE
Authors: Vishnyakov B. , Vizilter Y. , Knyaz V.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. This paper presents a motion detection and object tracking technique for digital video surveillance applications. Motion analysis algorithms are based on processing of multiple-regression pseudospectrums. Complete object detection and tracking scheme is described. Results of testing on public PETS and ETISEO test beds are outlined.
OUTREACH PROGRAMMES FOR EDUCATION AND TRAINING: CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL CARTOGRAPHIC ASSOCIATION
Authors: Cartwright W. E. , Fairbairn D.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. Organisations like the International Cartographic Association champion programmes that develop and deliver education and training to cartographers and geospatial scientists, globally. This can be in the form of traditional university and training college programmes, short courses for professional and technical members of mapping agencies and as outreach initiatives to transfer knowledge about the discipline and its contemporary practices. Through its international community, the ICA undertakes the transfer of knowledge about cartography and GI Science by publishing books and special editions of journals and running workshops. Colleagues from the ICA community conduct these workshops on a volunteer basis, generally with the support of the national member organisation of ICA or the national mapping body. For example, the ICA promotes the generation of extensive publications, generally through its Commissions and Working Groups. The publications include books, journals and the ICA Newsletter. Outreach activities are especially pertinent to up skill colleagues from developing countries. Specialist programmes can be offered for professional and 'everyday' map users (from adults to children). The ICA can assist with its current programmes, designed to embrace professional and non-professional cartographers alike. This paper will address how education and outreach programmes can be supported by international associations, by offering programmes independently, or in partnership with sister associations and national and regional organisations and societies. As well, the paper will address the need to deliver education and outreach programmes not to just the professional international community, but also to map users and citizen map publishers.
Do Age-Related Social Expectations Influence Entrepreneurial Activity in Later Life?
Authors: Kautonen Teemu
Published: August 2012

This article examines how the social expectations of the general public concerning the economic contribution of older people (country-level explanatory variable) affect the entrepreneurial activity of ageing individuals (individual-level dependent variable). A multilevel analysis based on data from 24 European countries finds that the perceived economic contribution of older people is negatively associated with entrepreneurial activity at an older age. The article suggests that the negative effect may be due to a higher perceived economic contribution of ageing people leading to less ageism in the workplace and a higher demand for older workers in the labour market, which undermines the relative attractiveness of starting a business.
Entrepreneurial Ties and Innovativeness in the Start-Up Decision
Authors: Klyver Kim , Hunter Erik , Watne Torgeir
Published: August 2012

Do entrepreneurial ties increase innovativeness during the start-up process? Based on data collected from 45 countries and 7,067 nascent entrepreneurs, the authors' results indicate that knowing someone who has started a business within the last two years (entrepreneurial ties) has a significant impact on the intended level of innovativeness during the start-up process. Specifically, entrepreneurial ties have a positive impact on the expected level of competition, intended newness to customers, newness of technology and the intended level of exports and growth. This study contributes to the entrepreneurial network literature by changing the focus from the influence of ties on the start-up decision per se to their influence on the innovative nature of the start-up process.
Small Firms Crafting Growth Niches in the French Wine Industry: The Role of Entrepreneurial Marketing
Authors: Barton Lisa C. , Painbéni Sandra , Barton Harry
Published: August 2012

The Case Study section of the International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation serves two purposes. First, the case studies presented are concerned with problematical issues that are pertinent to students of entrepreneurship. Thus they constitute appropriate teaching and learning vehicles on a variety of postgraduate and undergraduate programmes. Each case study is accompanied by a set of guidelines for the use of tutors. Second, it is envisaged that those engaged in entrepreneurial activities will find the cases both interesting and useful.

This case study focuses on Domaine de Mourchon, a niche producer of Côtes du Rhône Villages, Séguret Wines in France, owned by the Scottish McKinlay family. The case explores the role of entrepreneurial marketing in helping small independent wine producers to craft strong niche positions in a mature industry. Over the last two decades, French wine producers have been faced with changing consumption and production patterns and fiercer competition, particularly from the New World wine producers. McKinlay entered wine production in 1998 at the height of the industry decline in France. The case allows for the exploration of how a small independent domaine has been proactive in integrating customer preferences, competitor intelligence and product knowledge into the process of creating and delivering superior value to customers in an attempt to achieve a strong market positioning. The activities of McKinlay highlight some of the important considerations for successful entrepreneurial marketing in an industry facing severe marketing problems.

Learning objectives: a) to explore the role of entrepreneurial marketing in promoting small firm growth, particularly in mature and/or declining industries; (b) to assess branding and the establishment of or involvement in cooperative interorganizational networks as key factors in successful entrepreneurial marketing; and (c) to stimulate debate about the role of entrepreneurial marketing for small and large firms in different industries.
Effect of Staged Preconditioning on Biochemical Markers in the Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Alireza , Jafari Naser , Babapoursaatlou Behzad , Doustkami Hossein , Hosseinian Adallat , Hasanpour Mohammad
Published: August 2012

The present study has investigated the effectiveness of staged-preconditioning, in both remote and target organs. After IP the myocardial release of the biochemical markers including, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), cardiac creatine kinase (CK-MB), cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were evaluated in patients who underwent CABG, with and without staged-preconditioning. Sixty-one patients entered the study; there were 32 patients in the staged-preconditioning group and 29 patients in the control group. All patients underwent on-pump CABG using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) techniques. In the staged-preconditioning group, patients underwent two stages of IP on remote (upper limb) and target organs. Each stage of preconditioning was carried out by 3 cycles of ischemia and then reperfusion. Serum levels of biochemical markers were immediately measured postoperatively at 24, 48 and 72 h. Serum CK-MB, CPK and LDH levels were significantly lower in the staged-preconditioning group than in the control group. The CK-MB release in the staged-preconditioning patients reduced by 51% in comparison with controls over 72 h after CABG. These results suggest that myocardial injury was attenuated by the effect of three rounds of both remote and target organ IP.
Dynamic Analysis of Nonlinear Oscillator Equation Arising in Double-Sided Driven Clamped Microbeam-Based Electromechanical Resonator
Authors: Khan Yasir , Akbarzade Mehdi
Published: August 2012

In this paper, three different analytical methods have been successfully used to study a nonlinear oscillator equation arising in the microbeam-based electromechanical resonator. These methods are: variational approach, Hamiltonian approach, and amplitude-frequency formulation. The governing equation is based on the Euler-Bernoulli hypothesis and the partial differential equation (PDE) is simplified into an ordinary differential equartion (ODE) by using the Galerkin method. A frequency analysis is carried out, and the relationship between the angular frequency and the initial amplitude is obtained in closed analytical form. A comparison of the present solutions is made with the existing solutions and excellent agreement is noted.
Optimal Homotopy Perturbation Method for a Non-Conservative Dynamical System of a Rotating Electrical Machine
Authors: Herişanu Nicolae , Marinca Vasile
Published: August 2012

A version of the optimal homotopy perturbation method (OHPM) is applied in this study to derive highly accurate analytical expressions for the solutions to a non-conservative dynamical system of a rotating electrical machine. The main advantage of this procedure consists of providing us with a convenient and rigorous way to control the approximate solutions by means of some initially unknown parameters which are optimally determined later. Comparisons with numerical results reveal an excellent agreement, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method in analyzing non-conservative oscillators.
Split and Merge of Left–Right Circular Polarized Light through Coupled Magnetic Resonators
Authors: Wang Jijun , Cao Jing , Zhu Min , Zhu Zhipan , Fang Yun-tuan
Published: August 2012

In order to obtain the means to control light polarization, we designed a structure of coupled magnetic resonators and studied its transmission properties by the 4x4 transfer matrix method. The incidence of linearly polarized light results in two transmission resonant peaks of left-handed circular polarization at shorter wavelengths and two transmission resonant peaks of right-handed circular polarization at longer wavelengths, respectively. Through adjusting the magnetizations, the inner left-handed circular polarization and right-handed circular polarization can be merged into one linear polarization, while the two outside resonant peaks keep their circular polarization. The polarized direction of the output linearly polarized light can be controlled by the polarized direction of incidence light. The incidence light with one polarization can output light with three kinds of polarizations through the designed structure.
emperature Dependence of the Magnetoresistance Effect in Metals
Authors: Olszewski Stanisław
Published: August 2012

The paper examines a well-known experimental property of increase of the magnetoresistance effect in a metal observed with a decrease of the metal temperature. This property is explained by the fact that magnetoresistance is a quantity proportional to the relaxation time of the electric conduction of the metal sample which is a parameter observed in the absence of the magnetic field. Since the electric conduction, as well as the corresponding relaxation time, increase with the lowering of temperature, they provide us necessarily with an increase of magnetoresistance. The phenomenon is investigated quantitatively in this paper for numerous metal cases taken as examples.
Exact Solutions for the Magnetohydrodynamic Flow of a Jeffrey Fluid with Convective Boundary Conditions and Chemical Reaction
Authors: Alsaedi Ahmed , Iqbal Zahid , Mustafa Meraj , Hayat Tasawar
Published: August 2012

The two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of a Jeffrey fluid is investigated in this paper. The characteristics of heat and mass transfer with chemical reaction have also been analyzed. Convective boundary conditions have been invoked for the thermal boundary layer problem. Exact similarity solutions for flow, temperature, and concentration are derived. Interpretation to the embedded parameters is assigned through graphical results for dimensionless velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction coefficient, and surface heat and mass transfer. The results indicate an increase in the velocity and the boundary layer thickness by increasing the rheological parameter of the Jeffrey fluid. An intensification in the chemical reaction leads to a thinner concentration boundary layer.
Por uma Genealogia dos (des)Encontros entre a Geografia e o Urbano
Authors: Martins Sergio Manuel Merêncio
Published: August 2012

Referenciado na proposição teórico-metodológica genealógica, tal qual elaborada por Nietzsche e retomada por Michel Foucault, o autor propõe que os encontros e desencontros entre a Geografia e o urbano sejam considerados com base no saber efetivo sobre o real, sobre o movimento da história no qual se desdobra a dialética dos possíveis.DOI: 10.7147/GEO10.1411 For a genealogy of the (dis)agreements between Geography and the urbanAbstractreferenced in the theoretical and methodological propositions on genealogy developed by Nietzsche and renewed by Michel Foucault, the author proposes to consider the agreements and disagreements between Geography and the urban based on the efective knowledge about the real, about the history’s movement in which the dialectic of possibles is unfolded. This proposition dispenses, as a refusal (in a perspective of overcoming), a history of the so called geographical thinking about urbanization such as conventionally practiced, referenced in contexts of epistemological tradition. ResumenHace referencia en la propuesta de la genealogía teórica y metodológica, tal como se desarrolló por Nietzsche y es captada por Michel Foucault, el autor propone que las similitudes y diferencias entre la geografía e el urbano y se consideran sobre la base de conocimiento sobre la eficacia real en el movimiento de la historia en la que se desarrolla la dialéctica de posibilidades. Propuesta para eximir, como una negativa (superando la perspectiva), una historia del pensamiento geográfico, dijo en la urbanización como practica convencionalmente, se hace referencia en el contexto de la tradición epistemológica.
Mercado Imobiliário e Produção do Espaço Urbano: a expansão dos empreendimentos imobiliários na orla de Vila Velha/ES a partir dos anos oitenta
Authors: Neto Jaime Bernardo
Published: August 2012

Discorre sobre os efeitos do mercado imobiliário na configuração e produção do espaço urbano do município de Vila Velha/ES, em particular no que tange ao intenso e contínuo processo de produção de edifícios para moradia ao longo de parte da Orla do município a partir dos anos oitenta, buscando entender quais fatores desencadearam o crescente interesse do mercado imobiliário por essa área a partir de então. Real State Market´s and Urban Space Production: the spreading of real state enterprises over thecoast of Vila Velha/ES from the eighties onAbstractIt discusses about the real state market´s effects over the settings and production of Vila Velha´s urban space, particularly in what regards the intense and non-stopping residential buildings construction process over part of it´s coast from the eighties on, aiming to understand what factors unleashed the growing real state market interest for this area since then.  Mercado Inmobiliario y la Producción Del Espacio Urbano: la expansión de los emprendimientosinmobiliarios en la orla de Vila Velha/ES a partir de los años ochentaResumenDiscurre sobre los efectos del mercado inmobiliario en la configuración y producción del espacio urbano del municipio de Vila Velha/ES, en particular en lo que se refiere a lo intenso y continuo proceso de producción de edificios para residencia en parte de la orla del municipio de los años ochenta adelante, objetivando comprender cuáles factores desataron lo creciente interés del mercado inmobiliario por esta área desde entonces10.7147/GEO10.1660
A “crise da modernidade” e as linguagens: por uma geografia da interpretação
Authors: Pinheiro Robinson Santos
Published: August 2012

Este artigo objetiva contribuir para a discussão que envolve o produzir científico geográfico/humano na contemporaneidade. Está inserido no contraditório e não consensual debate sobre a base Moderna e a Pós-Moderna de (re)fazer ciência. Como resultado do discutido, teve-se a premissa de que os modelos modernos de pensar a sociedade não mais conseguem interpretar/significar/representar o atual arranjo técnico, científico e informacional otimizado por uma nova forma de acumulação capitalista (flexível). Enfatiza-se, com isso, a necessidade da inserção das diversas linguagens produzidas no interior das relações hodiernas para dialogar com a linguagem institucional acadêmica, permitindo, assim, o (re)conhecer/interpretar determinado espaço-tempo (visto de forma trans-/inter-/intra-escalar – relacional) a partir das tramas, dores, alegrias, angústias, amores etc. de quem o vivencia(ou). The “modernity crisis” and the approaches: for an interpretating geographyAbstractThe article intents to contribute with the debate that involves human geographic scientific producingin contemporaneity. It is situated in the contradictory and not consensual debate about modern baseand postmodern way of (re)making science. As a result of the discussion, we assume that modernways of thinking the society are no longer able to supply current tecnical, scientific and informacionalarrangement optimized by a new way of capitalist accumulation (flexible). It is emphasized,with that, the necessity of introducting diverse ways of approaches produced in modern relations todialogue with the institucional academic language, allowing, that way, to recognize/interpret determinatedspace-time (seen from a inside-/into-/trans- scalar - relational) from personal experienceslike pain, joy, loves etc. La “crisis de la modernidad” y los lenguajes: por una geografia de la interpretaciónResumenEste artículo objetiva contribuir a la discusión acerca la producción científica geográfica/humana presente.Se encuentra em el debate contradictorio e sin consentimiento sobre la base del moderno yposmoderno (re)hacer ciência. Como Resultado de la discusión, se produjo el supuesto de que los modelomodernos de pensar acerca de la sociedade ya no es capaz de interpretar/representar el presenteacuerdo técnico, científico y de información optimzado por uma nueva forma de acumulación capitallista(flexible). Se enfatiza, con esto, la necesidad de integración de lãs diversas lenguas producidasdentro de lãs relaciones de hoy para dialogar con el lenguaje académico institucional, lo que permiteel conocimiento/interpretación de todo el espacio-tiempo (visto en un corte trans-/inter-/intra-escalar– relacional) de lãs parcelas, dolores, alegrías, tristezas, amores y así sucesivamente de la personaque los ha experienciado.DOI: 10.7147/GEO10.1757
Uma análise da dicotomia entre urbanização e meio ambiente no município de Porto Seguro/BA
Authors: CERQUEIRA NETO Sebastião Pinheiro Gonçalves de
Published: August 2012

As discussões sobre desenvolvimento e a preservação dos elementos naturais de uma paisagem se ramificam por diversas áreas do conhecimento tendo como palco para as análises teóricas e vivências sociais o espaço geográfico; e uma das variáveis que produz questionamentos sobre esta dicotomia é a urbanização. Os espaços livres não diminuíram apenas nas grandes cidades ou nas cidades regionais, também são cada vez menores em cidades médias ou pequenas. O município de Porto Seguro, na Bahia, se urbaniza horizontal e verticalmente, com um planejamento espacial fraco diante dos novos setores econômicos que transformam a sua morfologia. Este artigo é o resultado de uma reflexão apresentada na tese de doutorado intitulada Do isolamento regional à globalização: contradições sobre o desenvolvimento do Extremo Sul da Bahia que oferece uma percepção ambiental sobre a urbanização num espaço que desde o século XVI sofre uma constante metamorfose. Palavras chave: Urbanização, Porto Seguro e Natureza.10.7147/GEO11.1724
Processos Dinâmicos e Análise Geomórfica Integrada no Maciço Central de Vitória – Espírito Santo. Subsídios aos Estudos de Compartimentação Geomorfológica.
Authors: Vervloet Roberto Hezer
Published: August 2012

Buscar um conceito de paisagem que ofereça condições operacionais para concretização de um estudo geomorfológico dos elementos que compõem as formas de relevo de um maciço costeiro. Eis a principal característica que norteia a concepção de ciência geomorfológica desta pesquisa, que utiliza variáveis pedológicas, geológicas e hidrológicas, para realizar um estudo geomorfológico capaz de subsidiar a construção de um conhecimento mais minucioso e detalhado da origem e dinâmica do relevo em pequenos compartimentos. Partindo então, de uma análise geomórfica integrada de um pequeno compartimento de relevo, foi possível visualizar em um quadro explicativo, o grau de importância dessas variáveis, para compreensão morfogenética e morfodinâmica dos elementos de formas e das formas de relevo que compõem o modelado deste compartimento, e com isso, propor a aplicação do estudo para outras áreas.10.7147/GEO11.1731
Das Abordagens de Desenvolvimento aos Instrumentos de Planejamento e Gestão Urbanos: A Influência de Idéias Exógenas nos Planos Diretores Amazônicos
Authors: Veloso Tiago
Published: August 2012

Na atualidade das políticas públicas para o espaço urbano no Brasil, tem sido criada uma normatização geral acerca da construção de instrumentos de planejamento e gestão urbana, constituídos especialmente no período pós-Constituição de 1988. A normatização dispõe acerca da obrigatoriedade de boa parte dos municípios brasileiros em construir seus instrumentos de planejamento e desenvolvimento urbano, notadamente o plano diretor. Nesse sentido, trata-se de compreender o processo de difusão das principais abordagens de desenvolvimento urbano, no contexto de estruturação de planos diretores municipais urbanos, analisando as cidades amazônicas pelo estudo de caso da conformação metropolitana de Belém a partir de suas duas principais cidades, Belém e Ananindeua. O estudo busca elucidar como a difusão dessas abordagens de desenvolvimento acontece na escala local, especialmente na construção de instrumentos de planejamento e gestão, como os planos diretores. Este estudo foi fundamentado teoricamente a partir da contribuição acerca das abordagens de desenvolvimento urbano de Souza (1998; 2000; 2002) e, do ponto de vista metodológico, adotou uma abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando análise documental e dados primários provenientes de instituições de planejamento envolvidas no processo de difusão da agenda urbana na Amazônia.DOI: 10.7147/GEO11.2103
Cartografia social das crianças e adolescentes ribeirinhas/quilombolas da Amazônia
Authors: Da Costa Lima Marcos Vinícius , Da Costa Solange Maria Gayoso
Published: August 2012

A cartografia social, como meio técnico, busca registrar relatos e as representações sócio-espaciais no processo de auto mapeamento, além de identificar situações de conflitos na forma de uso do território pelas comunidades tradicionais. A confecção de mapas situacionais com crianças e adolescentes ribeirinhas e quilombolas apresentou traços singulares entre a pluralidade identitária, tais como as formas de interação com o meio ambiente, a atividade produtiva da família e a luta por acesso a educação. Tal processo se insere numa dinâmica mais geral da vida envolta pela natureza Amazônica e das dificuldades de assegurar a reprodução social do grupo. Nesse caso, a territorialidade desses grupos, particularmente, expressa as relações socioculturais que são apontados e redesenhadas pelas próprias crianças e adolescentes nos mapas situacionais. No desenvolvimento deste artigo trataremos da representação social do território das crianças e adolescentes dos municípios paraenses de Abaetetuba, Cametá, Mocajuba, Limoeiro do Ajuru e Igarapé Mirí, todos localizados no baixo rio Tocantins, região atingida pela Barragem da Hidrelétrica de Tucuruí. Na confecção do mapa situacional, do ponto de vista técnico, quatro etapas processuais foram adotadas: produção de croquis, georeferenciamento dos elementos socioculturais, adaptação gráficas dos croquis e a confecção final do mapa. O uso da cartografia social pelos movimentos sociais tem se firmado na capacidade de instrumentalizar a contra argumentação política, principalmente, na medida em que avançam os interesses de agentes externos sobre os seus territórios de uso tradicional, além de adotar o produto da cartografia social como documento de reivindicação de políticas públicas, de planejamento e de base para a autogestão do território.Palavras chave: Cartografia Social; Mapa Situacional; Territorialidades.DOI: 10.7147/GEO12.3189
Cartografias subversivas e Geopoéticas
Authors: Franco Juliana Rocha
Published: August 2012

Mapas e mapeamentos ordenam e representam nossos mundos físico, social e cognitivo. Diante da proliferação de mapas digitais decorrente da democratização de certas ferramentas tecnológicas, a Cartografia e seus processos ideológicos têm adquirido novos sentidos. A produção e uso de mapas decorrentes da democratização de certas ferramentas tecnológicas tem possibilitado uma maior familiaridade com a maneira como mapas representam o espaço. Entretanto, conforme afirma Kent (2008) tais mapas ainda continuam presos a uma determinada “agenda” de mapeamento, definidas pelo estado ou por finalidades comerciais. Buscaremos apresentar e categorizar construções colaborativas, artísticas e política de mapas que se reapropriam da cartografia possibilitando formas de relação criativa com o espaço. Mapeamentos possibilitam repensar e redesenhar o papel de representação dos espaços, regiões e identidades no mundo contemporâneo: Cartografias Subversivas.Palavras-chave: cartografia subversiva; mapeamento colaborativo; mídia locativa.DOI: 10.7147/GEO12.3190
A naturalização como obstáculo à inovação da cartografia escolar
Authors: Fonseca Fernanda Padovesi
Published: August 2012

Tendo em vista que a cartografia escolar se constituiu num conjunto de práticas fortemente naturalizadas, e que essa área é bastante impermeável às inovações, o artigo investe na identificação do foco principal dessa naturalização: trata-se do fundo do mapa, que resulta da combinação entre projeção, escala e métrica (forma de medir). Enquanto temas e as possibilidades de linguagem variam, o fundo do mapa permanece naturalizado sob a proteção do euclidianismo e da suposta verdade topográfica que ele portaria. Assim, o artigo também investe na desconstrução dessa naturalização, mostrando que o fundo do mapa é comunicante e produz visões de mundo, e que ele pode ser construído de várias formas.Palavras-chave: cartografia escolar, naturalização, fundo de mapa.DOI: 10.7147/GEO12.3192
Mapa dos cheiros: cartografia com crianças pequenas
Authors: Lopes Jader Janer Moreira
Published: August 2012

Esse texto busca refletir sobre o trabalho da Cartografia com crianças pequenas, sobretudo nas Creches e Educação Infantil. Utilizando como referencial a teoria histórico-cultural de Vigotski e seus colaboradores, faz um debate das contribuições desses autores para uma proposta que vem sendo chamada de Mapas Vivências e suas interações na Cartografia com Crianças.Palavras-chave: Crianças 0 a 6 anos; Cartografia com Crianças; Teoria Histórico-Cultural, Mapas Vivenciais.DOI: 10.7147/GEO12.3193
Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs), inclusão e cartografia escolar
Authors: Nogueira Ruth Emília
Published: August 2012

Os acontecimentos, os fatos, as coisas, os episódios, as catástrofes, as intervenções, as ações, acontecem em algum lugar em um determinado tempo. Há um espaço e um tempo onde o ser humano se dá conta de existir, de viver. No contexto desse texto, tempo-espaço-ação serão assim significados: O espaço é o da escola informatizada, com acesso à rede mundial de computadores, no tempo da sociedade da informação e da exclusão social e, forçadamente, da inclusão digital e educacional. O que se espera que aí aconteça? Ensino e aprendizagem do espaço geográfico e sua representação utilizando as tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TICs) de forma inclusiva. Para discutir o entrelaçado destes temas são encadeados quatro tópicos. No primeiro são tecidas considerações sobre a sociedade no tempo que se vive. No segundo, sobre o espaço escolar e as TICs, depois, o professor frente às TICs e a inclusão educacional. Dedica-se um item para tratar da Cartografia Escolar, a internet e a inclusão. É utilizado o portal do LabTATE para exemplificar o planejamento de atividades neste contexto.  De certo modo, nada de novo é apresentado, mas, abordado, quem sabe, de maneira diferente daquela que se encontra na literatura acadêmica. Passeia-se pela sociedade, entra-se na escola e busca-se o professor para chegar à questão da Cartografia Escolar e às TICs e a inclusão educacional.Palavras Chave: Internet; Cartografia Escolar; Inclusão educacional. DOI: 10.7147/GEO12.3194
O exercício da imaginação geográfica e a cartografia escolar: práticas educativas com mapas através de Atlas Escolares Municipais
Authors: Aguiar Lígia Maria Brochado
Published: August 2012

Nossa proposta é pensar as práticas educativas com mapas através de Atlas Escolares Municipais como exercício da imaginação geográfica, o que supõe oralidade e a visualidade e, o mapa como suporte operatório e imagético. Porque a composição visual do lugar ou a sua visualização é sempre um exercício de imaginação geográfica, ou seja, um movimento de abstração, de distanciamento do mundo objetivo em direção à nossa própria subjetividade para nos tornarmos sujeitos deste mundo, dos seus territórios. Por isso, precisamos tomar distância deste mundo para podermos pensar sobre ele. Por outro lado, segundo Flusser (2008) o que é visto subjetivamente precisa ser comunicado, por isso, a cultura ocidental pode ser considerada como uma tentativa de “explicar a imaginação, de explicar as imagens”. O mundo contemporâneo resulta do desenvolvimento do pensamento que parte da imaginação, colocada sob suspeita, em direção ao conceito para apreender o real. No entanto, este desenvolvimento nos coloca em uma situação inédita: a imaginação não está mais sob a crítica da razão, ao contrário, através das imagens e da nossa capacidade imaginativa estamos aprendendo a lidar com o mundo conceitual, ou ainda, nos tornando sujeitos capazes de recriar um mundo objetivado de fatos e imagens. Ao se organizar pelo princípio da objetividade, o mundo se tornou desumanizado, desencantado. A razão ardilosa teria nos levado a becos sem saída ao descobrir a arbitrariedade dos signos, segundo a Escola de Frankfurt. Para Paul Virilio (2002), o mundo povoado pelas imagens tecnológicas estaria nos privando do contato com o mundo físico e material. Neste contexto em que o espaço se torna imagem, mapa e, podemos caminhar por ele sem caminhar, torna-se imprescindível aos leitores das superfícies agarrarem-se como viajantes a topônimos conhecidos no mapa de um mundo por descobrir, ou também, escavar as superfícies planas dos mapas até encontrar as forças expressivas da vida.Palavras-chave: imaginação geográfica, atlas escolares municipais, práticas educativas com mapas.DOI: 10.7147/GEO12.3195
Antitumor Activity of Leaves from Hyptis mutabilis (A. Rich.) Briq. (Lamiaceae) in Mice Bearing Tumor
Authors: Ximenes Rafael Matos , Melo Antônio Mario , Magalhães Lucimeri Paulino Machado , de Souza Ivone Antonia , de Albuquerque Julianna Ferreira Cavalcanti
Published: August 2012

The Hyptis genus has more than 400 species, many of them being used in folk medicine to treat several conditions. Some anticancer compounds have been isolated from plants of this genus, and for that reason we decided to investigate the potential in vivo antitumor activity of extracts of leaves of Hyptis mutabilis with different polarities (hexane, methanol, water, and hot water) against two mice tumors: sarcoma 180 and Ehrlich solid tumor. Phytochemical analysis revealed strong presence of steroids, saponins, flavonoids (mainly dihydroflavanols), and catechins. Acute toxicity was perfomed according to the up-and-down method showing LD50 values ranging from 100 up to 2500 mg/kg. Antitumor activity was investigated using 10% of the LD50 for each extract. Methotrexate was used as positive control. Both aqueous extracts showed strong inhibition of tumor growth with values up to 70% of inhibition growth for sarcoma 180. Ehrlich solid tumor was only slight inhibited by hexane extract (38.6%). In conclusion, the aqueous extracts of H. mutabilis showed promising results against sarcoma 180 mice tumor.
Reproductive Dynamics of Iheringichthys labrosus (Lütken, 1874) (Teleostei, Pimelodidae), in the Capivara Reservoir, Paranapanema River, Parana, Brazil
Authors: Suzuki Fábio Mineo , Garcia Diego Azevedo Zoccal , Orsi Mário Luís
Published: August 2012

To study the reproductive dynamics of the mandi-beiçudo, Iheringichthys labrosus, in the Capivara Reservoir, Paranapanema River, Parana, Brazil, specimens were captured trimonthly from March 2001 to July 2004 at four sampling sites. The sex ratio showed a predominance of females in most of months sampled and the larger length classes. The majority of the individuals captured showed a standard length between 16 and 22 cm, with a maximal length of 27.5 cm. The size at first maturity was estimated to be 18.1 and 19.7 cm for females and males, respectively. Analysis of the temporal variation of the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and frequency of occurrence of gonadal maturation stages of males and females for the months sampled showed that I. labrosus reproduces during the whole year, with peak reproduction in November and December. There was a positive correlation between the mean values of GSI and variation in rainfall values, suggesting that this abiotic factor can influence the reproduction of this species. The mean absolute fecundity was 67274.5  16562.5 oocytes, and the mean relative fecundity was 350.6  186.3 oocytes per gram of total weight.
Enhancing Communication Theory Learning in the European Higher Education Area
Authors: Zapirain Begoña García , Zorrilla Amaia Méndez , Oleagordia Ibon Ruiz , Sáez Javier Vicente
Published: August 2012

This article describes a new methodology adapted to the Bologna process within the sphere of teaching modulations. For this purpose, a new educational tool in the area of digital signal processing for communication theory has been developed for undergraduates in engineering. On the one hand, the application is intended to serve as a system for collaborative learning with which the student can carry out a mathematical and graphical study of all kinds of traditional communications systems functions, such as basic mathematical operations, modulations and filters in Octave/Matlab, by using examples provided by the application. On the other hand, the students will be able to develop new plug-ins with new problems and systems simulated in Octave/Matlab. The evaluation of the tool was based on a series of tests monitoring the students and contrasting academic results from 2006. The results showed an increase in the number of students passing the subject.
Inspiring Student Learning in ICT Communications Electronics through a New Integrated Project-Based Learning Approach
Authors: Chu Rui H. , Minasian Robert A. , Yi Xiaoke
Published: August 2012

The design and implementation of a new project-based learning approach for student learning in laboratory communications electronics is presented. A new aspect of this approach is to inspire student learning by engaging them in real applications they can relate to, which is based on providing a platform for students to learn the subject at the level of communication systems and to structure it around electronic subsystems that integrate to form the complete system. The design of how to divide the large overall project into component integrative tasks that the students can manage is presented. The resulting integration of the individual learning tasks into the project provided students with an understanding that addresses a holistic view. The big picture approach, followed by students' study and investigation of individual elements in the subsystem and their integration to realise a real wireless radio communication link, demonstrated the benefits of project-based learning and enhanced engagement stimulating curiosity and discovery. The results of the student feedback survey indicated that students were highly motivated, and that the approach strongly supported their effective learning.
Cooperative Learning in Lectures of an Advanced Electrical Engineering Course
Authors: Myllymaki S.
Published: August 2012

A cooperative learning (group work) method was applied in lectures of an advanced engineering course in Microelectronics Packaging Technology and Reliability, and a continuous student feedback system was utilised in a control of student reception and learning. Group work activated the students and motivated them to improve their learning in the course. The feedback system used after every lecture was found to be the most valuable method from the lecturer's self-development point of view. The course had a solid, encouraging learning atmosphere and the lecturer succeeded in applying student-oriented learning methods within his normal convention of teaching.
Teaching Design of Video Processing Circuits
Authors: Trost Andrej , Žemva Andrej
Published: August 2012

Design of a video processing circuit requires extensive understanding of digital systems and image processing algorithms. A typical design process involves different tools and languages, which make the task difficult for undergraduate students. We present a teaching method using a web-based tool for initial algorithm study and test bench design. The algorithm is later described in a high-level language, optimised and implemented on a custom programmable logic platform.
Experimentation with Fourier Transformations
Authors: Azooz A.
Published: August 2012

Two simple experiments to demonstrate the physical meaning of Fourier expansion and Fourier transformation are presented. The only experimental setups needed for these experiments are a function generator and a laptop or a personal computer. Free downloadable end-user Matlab- based software for carrying out the experiments is made available. The two programs are designed such that no prior Matlab programming skills are assumed. The results obtained clearly demonstrate the physical idea behind the Fourier mathematical analysis technique. Such experimentation may form the bases of further advanced signal analysis procedures.
Computer Assisted Analysis of MR-Mammography Reveals Association between Contrast Enhancement and Occurrence of Distant Metastasis
Authors: Baltzer Pascal A. T. , Zoubi Ramy , Burmeister Hartmut P. , Gajda Mieczyslaw , Camara Oumar , Kaiser Werner A. , Dietzel Matthias
Published: August 2012

Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is able to detect breast cancer with high sensitivity. Furthermore, this method provides functional information on tissue composition and vascularization. This study aims to identify the potential of DCE-MRI to predict distant metastasis in breast cancer patients using computer assisted interpretation of dynamic enhancement data. For this purpose, 59 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer received pretherapeutic DCE-MRI at 1.5 Tesla according to international recommendations. In all patients, follow up interval and occurrence of distant metastasis was documented. For DCE-MRI analysis dedicated software was used (Brevis, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany). It allows semiautomatic identification of the most suspect curve in a lesion analyzed. Enhancement parameters assessed were “Initial Enhancement”, “Washout”, “Peak-Enhancement”, and “Time to Peak Enhancement”. Cox proportional hazards regression (CPHR) was used to analyze the effect of these parameters on the probability of metachronous distant metastasis. Median follow up period was 52.0 months. 6 patients developed distant metastases between 11 and 35 months after breast cancer diagnosis. In CPHR, Washout could be identified as significant and independent predictor for occurrence of distant metastasis (P = 0.0134). Our initial data demonstrate an association between computer measured enhancement parameters in DCE-MRI and occurrence of distant metastasis by quantification of Washout.
Confirmation of Skin Doses Resulting from Bolus Effect of Intervening Alpha-cradle and Carbon Fiber Couch in Radiotherapy
Authors: Chan Maria F. , Chiu-Tsao Sou-Tung , Li Jingdong , Schupak Karen , Parhar Preeti , Burman Chandra
Published: August 2012

In this study, we verified the treatment planning calculations of skin doses with the incorporation of the bolus effect due to the intervening alpha-cradle (AC) and carbon fiber couch (CFC) using radiochromic EBT2 films. A polystyrene phantom (25 × 25 × 15 cm3) with six EBT2 films separated by polystyrene slabs, at depths of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 1.4 cm, was positioned above an AC, which was ~1 cm thick. The phantom and AC assembly were CT scanned and the CT-images were transferred to the treatment planning system (TPS) for calculations in three scenarios: (A) ignoring AC and CFC, (B) accounting for AC only, (C) accounting for both AC and CFC. A single posterior 10 × 10 cm2 field, a pair of posterior-oblique 10 × 10 cm2 fields, and a posterior IMRT field (6 MV photons from a Varian Trilogy linac) were planned. For each radiation field configuration, the same MU were used in all three scenarios in the TPS. Each plan for scenario C was delivered to expose a stack of EBT2 films in the phantom through AC and CFC. In addition, in vivo EBT2 film measurement on a lung cancer patient immobilized with AC undergoing IMRT was also included in this study. Point doses and planar distributions generated from the TPS for the three scenarios were compared with the data from the EBT2 film measurements. For all the field arrangements, the EBT2 film data including the in vivo measurement agreed with the doses calculated for scenario (C), within the uncertainty of the EBT2 measurements (~4%). For the single posterior field (a pair of posterior-oblique fields), the TPS generated doses were lower than the EBT2 doses by 34%, 33%, 31%, 13% (34%, 31%, 31%, 11%) for scenario A and by 27%, 25%, 22%, 8% (25%, 21%, 21%, 6%) for scenario B at the depths of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 cm, respectively. For the IMRT field, the 2D dose distributions at each depth calculated in scenario C agree with those measured data. When comparing the central axis doses for the IMRT field, we found the TPS generated doses for scenario A (B) were lower than the EBT2 data by 35%, 34%, 31%, 16% (29%, 26%, 23%, 10%) at the depths of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 cm, respectively. There were no significant differences for the depths of 1.0 and 1.4 cm for all the radiation fields studied. TPS calculation of doses in the skin layers accounting for AC and CFC was verified by EBT2 film data. Ignoring the presence of AC and/or CFC in TPS calculation would significantly underestimate the doses in the skin layers. For the clinicians, as more hypofractionated regimens and stereotactic regimens are being used, this information will be useful to avoid potential serious skin toxicities, and also assist in clinical decisions and report these doses accurately to relevant clinical trials/cooperative groups, such as RTOG.
In vivo MRI Follow-up of Murine Tumors Treated by Electrochemotherapy and other Electroporation-based Treatments
Authors: Calmels L. , Al-Sakere B. , Ruaud J.-P. , Leroy-Willig A. , Mir L. M.
Published: August 2012

In vivo cell electropermeabilization can be used alone or in combination with a hydrophilic, nonpermeant cytotoxic drug such as bleomycin (electrochemotherapy) to efficiently treat tumors. We used magnetic resonance imaging to detect rapid structural modifications in tumors treated by electroporation-based methods. Water diffusion coefficient (ADC), transverse relaxation time (T2) and tumor volume of fibrosarcomas xenografted on syngenic mice were measured upon 3 groups of 6 treated mice within the 48 hrs following ECT done with a normal (BE) or a high dose of bleomycin (HBE), and after irreversible electroporation (IRE), and in three control groups. As expected, the tumor volume increased in the control groups at 48 hrs (p < 0.05) and the values of ADC and T2 did not varied significantly in the control groups except for ADC decrease and T2 increase observed between 3 hrs and 24 hrs (p < 0.03) in the group that received bleomycin only. Tumor volumes decreased significantly at 24 hrs in the IRE and HBE groups. The mean tumor ADC increased significantly at 24 hrs (+17.6%, p < 0.03) in the BE group, probably reflecting apoptosis, while in the HBE group the mean tumor ADC increased earlier, at 10 hrs (+19%, p < 0.03) because of the speed of the pseudoapopototic process. In the IRE group, the mean tumor ADC decreased significantly at 1 hrs (p < 0.05) and 3 hrs (p < 0.03), and T2 decreased (p < 0.03), both probably reflecting cell swelling induced by the vascular lock. Thus ADC and T2 changes in the treated tumors correlated with previous histological observations on the same tumor models. Noteworthy, ADC allowed the visualization of early and rapid changes in the treated tumors, when tumor volume monitoring was not yet able to detect any effect of the treatments.