bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exhausted T cell signature predicts immunotherapy response in ER-positive breast cancer
Authors: Terranova-Barberio Manuela , Pawlowska Nela , Dhawan Mallika , Moasser Mark , Chien Amy J. , Melisko Michelle E. , Rugo Hope , Rahimi Roshun , Deal Travis , Daud Adil , Rosenblum Michael D. , Thomas Scott , Munster Pamela N.
Published: July 2020

Responses to immunotherapy are uncommon in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer and to date, lack predictive markers. This randomized phase II study defines safety and response rate of epigenetic priming in ER-positive breast cancer patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors as primary endpoints. Secondary and exploratory endpoints included PD-L1 modulation and T-cell immune-signatures. 34 patients received vorinostat, tamoxifen and pembrolizumab with no excessive toxicity after progression on a median of five prior metastatic regimens. Objective response was 4% and clinical benefit rate (CR + PR + SD > 6 m) was 19%. T-cell exhaustion (CD8+ PD-1+/CTLA-4+) and treatment-induced depletion of regulatory T-cells (CD4+ Foxp3+/CTLA-4+) was seen in tumor or blood in 5/5 patients with clinical benefit, but only in one non-responder. Tumor lymphocyte infiltration was 0.17%. Only two non-responders had PD-L1 expression >1%. This data defines a novel immune signature in PD-L1-negative ER-positive breast cancer patients who are more likely to benefit from immune-checkpoint and histone deacetylase inhibition (NCT02395627).
Prediction-based highly sensitive CRISPR off-target validation using target-specific DNA enrichment
Authors: Kang Seung-Hun , Lee Wi-jae , An Ju-Hyun , Lee Jong-Hee , Kim Young-Hyun , Kim Hanseop , Oh Yeounsun , Park Young-Ho , Jin Yeung Bae , Jun Bong-Hyun , Hur Junho K. , Kim Sun-Uk , Lee Seung Hwan
Published: July 2020

CRISPR effectors, which comprise a CRISPR-Cas protein and a guide (g)RNA derived from the bacterial immune system, are widely used for target-specific genome editing. When the gRNA recognizes genomic loci with sequences that are similar to the target, deleterious mutations can occur. Off-target mutations with a frequency below 0.5% remain mostly undetected by current genome-wide off-target detection techniques. Here we report a method to effectively detect extremely small amounts of mutated DNA based on predicted off-target-specific amplification. In this study, we used various genome editors to induce intracellular genome mutations, and the CRISPR amplification method detected off-target mutations at a significantly higher rate (1.6~984 fold increase) than an existing targeted amplicon sequencing method. In the near future, CRISPR amplification in combination with genome-wide off-target detection methods will allow detection of genome editor-induced off-target mutations with high sensitivity and in a non-biased manner.
Accelerated single cell seeding in relapsed multiple myeloma
Authors: Landau Heather J. , Yellapantula Venkata , Diamond Benjamin T. , Rustad Even H. , Maclachlan Kylee H. , Gundem Gunes , Medina-Martinez Juan , Ossa Juan Arango , Levine Max F. , Zhou Yangyu , Kappagantula Rajya , Baez Priscilla , Attiyeh Marc , Makohon-Moore Alvin , Zhang Lance , Boyle Eileen M. , Ashby Cody , Blaney Patrick , Patel Minal , Zhang Yanming , Dogan Ahmet , Chung David J. , Giralt Sergio , Lahoud Oscar B. , Peled Jonathan U. , Scordo Michael , Shah Gunjan , Hassoun Hani , Korde Neha S. , Lesokhin Alexander M. , Lu Sydney , Mailankody Sham , Shah Urvi , Smith Eric , Hultcrantz Malin L. , Ulaner Gary A. , van Rhee Frits , Morgan Gareth J. , Landgren Ola , Papaemmanuil Elli , Iacobuzio-Donahue Christine , Maura Francesco
Published: July 2020

Multiple myeloma (MM) progression is characterized by the seeding of cancer cells in different anatomic sites. To characterize this evolutionary process, we interrogated, by whole genome sequencing, 25 samples collected at autopsy from 4 patients with relapsed MM and an additional set of 125 whole exomes collected from 51 patients. Mutational signatures analysis showed how cytotoxic agents introduce hundreds of unique mutations in each surviving cancer cell, detectable by bulk sequencing only in cases of clonal expansion of a single cancer cell bearing the mutational signature. Thus, a unique, single-cell genomic barcode can link chemotherapy exposure to a discrete time window in a patient′s life. We leveraged this concept to show that MM systemic seeding is accelerated at relapse and appears to be driven by the survival and subsequent expansion of a single myeloma cell following treatment with high-dose melphalan therapy and autologous stem cell transplant.
Practical quantum computation of chemical and nuclear energy levels using quantum imaginary time evolution and Lanczos algorithms
Authors: Yeter-Aydeniz Kübra , Pooser Raphael C. , Siopsis George
Published: July 2020

Various methods have been developed for the quantum computation of the ground and excited states of physical and chemical systems, but many of them require either large numbers of ancilla qubits or high-dimensional optimization in the presence of noise. The quantum imaginary-time evolution (QITE) and quantum Lanczos (QLanczos) methods proposed in Motta et al. (2020) eschew the aforementioned issues. In this study, we demonstrate the practical application of these algorithms to challenging quantum computations of relevance for chemistry and nuclear physics, using the deuteron-binding energy and molecular hydrogen binding and excited state energies as examples. With the correct choice of initial and final states, we show that the number of timesteps in QITE and QLanczos can be reduced significantly, which commensurately simplifies the required quantum circuit and improves compatibility with NISQ devices. We have performed these calculations on cloud-accessible IBM Q quantum computers. With the application of readout-error mitigation and Richardson error extrapolation, we have obtained ground and excited state energies that agree well with exact results obtained from diagonalization.
De novo transcriptome assembly of cold stressed clones of the hexaploid Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl.
Authors: Breidenbach Natalie , Sharov Vadim V. , Gailing Oliver , Krutovsky Konstantin V.
Published: July 2020

Coast redwood is a very important endemic conifer timber species in Southern Oregon and Northern California in the USA. Due to its good wood properties and fast growth rate it can be considered as a prospective timber species also in other countries with similar or changing toward similar climatic conditions due to global climate warming, such as Germany. In general, it is frost sensitive and suffers from freezing temperatures. To study genetic mechanisms of frost resistance in this species and to select the most frost tolerant trees we tested 17 clones in climate control chamber experiments and generated twode novoassemblies of the coast redwood transcriptome from a pooled RNA sample using Trinity and CLC Genomic Workbench software, respectively. The hexaploid nature of the coast redwood genome makes it very challenging to successfully assemble and annotate the coast redwood transcriptome. Thede novotranscriptome assembly generated by Trinity and CLC considering only reads with a minimum length of 180 bp and contigs no less than 200 bp long resulted in 634,772 and 788,464 unigenes (unique contigs), respectively.
Ge–Sb–S–Se–Te amorphous chalcogenide thin films towards on-chip nonlinear photonic devices
Authors: Dory J.-B. , Castro-Chavarria C. , Verdy A. , Jager J.-B. , Bernard M. , Sabbione C. , Tessaire M. , Fédéli J.-M. , Coillet A. , Cluzel B. , Noé P.
Published: July 2020

Thanks to their unique optical properties Ge–Sb–S–Se–Te amorphous chalcogenide materials and compounds offer tremendous opportunities of applications, in particular in near and mid-infrared range. This spectral range is for instance of high interest for photonics or optical sensors. Using co-sputtering technique of chalcogenide compound targets in a 200 mm industrial deposition tool, we show how by modifying the amorphous structure of GeSbwSxSeyTez chalcogenide thin films one can significantly tailor their linear and nonlinear optical properties. Modelling of spectroscopic ellipsometry data collected on the as-deposited chalcogenide thin films is used to evaluate their linear and nonlinear properties. Moreover, Raman and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopies permitted to get a description of their amorphous structure. For the purpose of applications, their thermal stability upon annealing is also evaluated. We demonstrate that depending on the GeSbwSxSeyTez film composition a trade-off between a high transparency in near- or mid-infrared ranges, strong nonlinearity and good thermal stability can be found in order to use such materials for applications compatible with the standard CMOS integration processes of microelectronics and photonics.
Association of lung function with overall mortality is independent of inflammatory, cardiac, and functional biomarkers in older adults: the ActiFE-study
Authors: Weinmayr Gudrun , Schulz Holger , Klenk Jochen , Denkinger Michael , Duran-Tauleria Enric , Koenig Wolfgang , Dallmeier Dhayana , Rothenbacher Dietrich ,   The ActiFE Study Group, Böhm B. , Geiger H. , Laszlo R. , Steinacker J. M. , Ludolph A. , von Arnim C. , Lukas A. , Peter R. , Rapp K. , Riepe M. , Scharffetter-Kochanek K. , Stingl J.
Published: July 2020

Reduced lung function is associated with overall and cardiovascular mortality. Chronic low grade systemic inflammation is linked to impaired lung function and cardiovascular outcomes. We assessed the association of lung function with overall 8-year mortality in 867 individuals of the Activity and Function in the Elderly study using confounder-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models (including gait speed and daily walking time as measures of physical function) without and with adjustment for inflammatory and cardiac markers. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) but not FVC was related to mortality after adjustment for physical function and other confounders. Additional adjustment for inflammatory and cardiac markers did not change the hazard ratios (HR) markedly, e.g. for a FEV1/FVC below 0.7 from 1.55 [95% confidence-interval (CI) 1.14–2.11] to 1.49 (95% CI 1.09–2.03). These independent associations were also observed in the apparently lung healthy subpopulation with even higher HRs up to 2.76 (95% CI 1.52–4.93). A measure of airflow limitation but not vital capacity was associated with overall mortality in this community-dwelling older population and in the subgroup classified as lung healthy. These associations were independent of adjustment for inflammatory and cardiac markers and support the role of airflow limitation as independent predictor of mortality in older adults.
Experimental determination and ray-tracing simulation of bending losses in melt-spun polymer optical fibres
Authors: Lustermann Birgit , Quandt B. Maike , Ulrich Sebastian , Spano Fabrizio , Rossi René M. , Boesel Luciano F.
Published: July 2020

The damping properties and specifically the bend losses of polymer optical fibres (POFs) have so far only been documented by experimental work, investigating bending parameters such as bending radius, length, and distance of the bends. Even though damping mechanisms and causes are well-known, no simple, generally valid formula exists. Here, a simulation technique is shown that allows producing an optical model for any bending geometries of melt-spun polymer optical fibres. The developed model takes all relevant loss mechanisms into account, especially regarding the scattering losses at the interface of core and cladding as well as those of the cladding-air interface. The latter is caused by interfacial roughness for which experimental data have been obtained by atomic force microscopy measurements. To show the validity of the simulation, the model is compared to experimental results for several fibres and a variety of geometries. The variance between model and experimental data is low (S < 4.6%). The model not only contributes to improving the understanding of the optical properties of POFs, but it also has direct applicability to the design of photonic textile sensors for medicine, where the fibres are incorporated with small bending radii.
Preying on seals pushes killer whales from Norway above pollution effects thresholds
Authors: Andvik Clare , Jourdain Eve , Ruus Anders , Lyche Jan L. , Karoliussen Richard , Borgå Katrine
Published: July 2020

Killer whales (Orcinus orca) are at risk from high levels of biomagnifying pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and mercury (Hg). Previous toxicological risk assessments for the Norwegian killer whale population have assumed fish as the primary prey source, and assessed the population as below established effect thresholds. However, some individuals have recently been identified to also feed on seals. This study is the first to quantify levels of pollutants in seal-eating killer whales from northern Norway, and to measure Hg levels in the skin of killer whales worldwide. We found higher levels of all pollutants in seal-eating than fish-eating killer whales, including the emerging brominated flame retardants pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), pentabromotoluene (PBT) and hexabromobenzene (HBB). Sum polychlorinated biphenyls (ΣPCBs) in the blubber of seal-eaters (n = 7, geometric mean = 46 µg/g l.w.) were four times higher than fish-eaters (n = 24, geometric mean = 11 µg/g l.w.), which pushed all seal-eating individuals above multiple thresholds for health effects. Total Hg levels in skin of seal-eaters (n = 10, arithmetic mean = 3.7 µg/g d.w.) were twice as high as in fish-eaters (n = 28, arithmetic mean = 1.8 µg/g d.w.). Our results indicate that by feeding on higher trophic prey, the Norwegian killer whale population is at higher risk of health effects from pollution than previously assumed.
Adaptation of gene loci to heterochromatin in the course of Drosophila evolution is associated with insulator proteins
Authors: Funikov Sergei Yu. , Rezvykh Alexander P. , Kulikova Dina A. , Zelentsova Elena S. , Protsenko Lyudmila A. , Chuvakova Lyubov N. , Tyukmaeva Venera I. , Arkhipova Irina R. , Evgen’ev Michael B.
Published: July 2020

Pericentromeric heterochromatin is generally composed of repetitive DNA forming a transcriptionally repressive environment. Dozens of genes were embedded into pericentromeric heterochromatin during evolution of Drosophilidae lineage while retaining activity. However, factors that contribute to insusceptibility of gene loci to transcriptional silencing remain unknown. Here, we find that the promoter region of genes that can be embedded in both euchromatin and heterochromatin exhibits a conserved structure throughout the Drosophila phylogeny and carries motifs for binding of certain chromatin remodeling factors, including insulator proteins. Using ChIP-seq data, we demonstrate that evolutionary gene relocation between euchromatin and pericentric heterochromatin occurred with preservation of sites of insulation of BEAF-32 in evolutionarily distant species, i.e. D. melanogaster and D. virilis. Moreover, promoters of virtually all protein-coding genes located in heterochromatin in D. melanogaster are enriched with insulator proteins BEAF-32, GAF and dCTCF. Applying RNA-seq of a BEAF-32 mutant, we show that the impairment of BEAF-32 function has a complex effect on gene expression in D. melanogaster, affecting even those genes that lack BEAF-32 association in their promoters. We propose that conserved intrinsic properties of genes, such as sites of insulation near the promoter regions, may contribute to adaptation of genes to the heterochromatic environment and, hence, facilitate the evolutionary relocation of genes loci between euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Facile fabrication of solution-processed solid-electrolytes for high-energy-density all-solid-state-batteries by enhanced interfacial contact
Authors: Kim Min-Ju , Park Jun-Woo , Kim Byung Gon , Lee You-Jin , Ha Yoon-Cheol , Lee Sang-Min , Baeg Kang-Jun
Published: July 2020

Instead of commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) using organic liquid electrolytes, all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASSBs) employing solid electrolytes (SEs) are promising for applications in high-energy–density power applications and electric vehicles due to their potential for improving safety and achieving high capacity. Although remarkable progress in SEs has been achieved and has resulted in high ionic conductivity, which now reaches values comparable to those of liquid electrolytes, the typical use of a slurry process for the fabrication of conventional ASSBs inevitably causes harmful reactions between sulfide materials and polar solvents. Here, we studied the efficient infiltration process of SE slurry into conventional composite LIB electrodes (NCM622) for achieving high-energy-density ASSBs via a scalable solution-based fabrication process. Two methods are proposed to ensure that SE materials are evenly distributed and sufficiently infiltrated into the porous structures of LIB electrodes. The LPSCl SE solutions were effectively infiltrated into the electrodes at higher processing temperatures and the temperature was subsequently optimized at above the boiling point of the ethanol solvent due to the dynamic motion of SE molecules via a convective flow during solvent vaporization. Moreover, the porous LIB composite electrodes with a mixture of active materials of different particle sizes formed and filled capillary pores resulting in a high electrode density. The LPSCl SE-infiltrated NCM622 electrodes that used this strategy could remarkably improve the initial discharge capacity of ASSBs to as high as 177 mAh/g. These ASSBs also showed excellent performance even at high loading values (about 17 mg/cm2), making them competitive with LIBs using conventional liquid electrolytes.
Effects of spermine on ileal physical barrier, antioxidant capacity, metabolic profile and large intestinal bacteria in piglets
Authors: Liu Guangmang , Mo Weiwei , Cao Wei , Wu Xianjian , Jia Gang , Zhao Hua , Chen Xiaoling , Wu Caimei , Wang Jing
Published: July 2020

Spermine, a polyamine, exerts important roles in alleviating oxidative damage, improving immunity, increasing antioxidant status and digestive enzyme activities, and promoting the development of small intestine.
A thiadiazole-based covalent triazine framework nanosheet for highly selective and sensitive primary aromatic amine detection among various amines
Authors: Tang Yuanzhe , Huang Hongliang , Peng Ben , Chang Yanjiao , Li Yang , Zhong Chongli
Published: July 2020

The thiadiazole-based covalent triazine framework nanosheet is a first fluorescent sensor that can selectively detect PAAs among various amines.
Inhibition in multicopper oxidases: a critical review
Authors: Valles Morgane , Kamaruddin Amirah F. , Wong Lu Shin , Blanford Christopher F.
Published: July 2020

This review critiques the literature on inhibition of O2-reduction catalysis in multicopper oxidases like laccase and bilirubin oxidase and provide recommendations for best practice when carrying out experiments and interpreting published data.
Investigation of the stability of NiFe-(oxy)hydroxide anodes in alkaline water electrolysis under industrially relevant conditions
Authors: Etzi Coller Pascuzzi Marco , Man Alex J. W. , Goryachev Andrey , Hofmann Jan P. , Hensen Emiel J. M.
Published: July 2020

Anodic polarization conducted at high current density, elevated temperature, and high KOH concentration impacted the structure and performance of NiFeOxHyand NiOxHyanodes.
Rational design of type I photosensitizers based on Ru(ii) complexes for effective photodynamic therapy under hypoxia
Authors: Liu Xue , Li Guo , Xie Mingjuan , Guo Song , Zhao Weili , Li Feiyang , Liu Shujuan , Zhao Qiang
Published: July 2020

We have developed a series of photosensitizers based on Ru(ii) complexes for type I photodynamic therapy to overcome hypoxia.
Advances in soft X-ray RIXS for studying redox reaction states in batteries
Authors: Wu Jue , Yang Yong , Yang Wanli
Published: July 2020

High-efficiency mapping of resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (mRIXS) for detecting and quantifying both cationic and anionic redox states in batteries.
Influence of algal organic matter on the attenuation of selected trace organic contaminants and dissolved organic matter in managed aquifer recharge: column studies
Authors: Noh Jin Hyung , So Soo Hyun , Park Ji Won , Maeng Sung Kyu
Published: July 2020

In this study, the effects of algal organic matter (AOM) from Microcystis aeruginosa on the attenuation of selected trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) were observed in managed aquifer recharge using laboratory scale soil columns.
Emergency water treatment with combined ferrate(vi) and ferric salts for disasters and disease outbreaks
Authors: Zheng Lei , Cui Junkui , Deng Yang
Published: July 2020

Clean water is vital amid a disaster or disease outbreak-related emergency.
A proteomic study on the protective effect of kaempferol pretreatment against deoxynivalenol-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in a Caco-2 cell model
Authors: Wang Xiaojie , Li Li , Zhang Genyi
Published: July 2020

Kaempferol pretreatment improved the intestinal barrier dysfunction caused by deoxynivalenol through PKA and MAPK/ERK pathways.
A multi-scale modeling and simulation study to investigate the effect of roughness of a surface on its self-cleaning performance
Authors: Sethi Sushanta K. , Singh Manjinder , Manik Gaurav
Published: July 2020

The importance of surface roughness on wettability is vital in developing novel techniques and materials for fabrication of self-cleaning coatings.
Interaction effects and superconductivity signatures in twisted double-bilayer WSe2
Authors: An Liheng , Cai Xiangbin , Pei Ding , Huang Meizhen , Wu Zefei , Zhou Zishu , Lin Jiangxiazi , Ying Zhehan , Ye Ziqing , Feng Xuemeng , Gao Ruiyan , Cacho Cephise , Watson Matthew , Chen Yulin , Wang Ning
Published: July 2020

Twisted bilayer graphene provides a new two-dimensional platform for studying electron interaction phenomena and flat band properties such as correlated insulator transition, superconductivity and ferromagnetism at certain magic angles.
Monitoring the structure–reactivity relationship in epoxidized perilla and safflower oil thermosetting resins
Authors: Tran Thi-Nguyet , Mauro Chiara Di , Graillot Alain , Mija Alice
Published: July 2020

The reactivity of epoxidized perilla oil and epoxidized safflower oil with two aromatic dicarboxylic acids was studied. The presence of S–S bonding at the β position of the carboxylic group increases the reactivity of the acidic proton toward epoxy ring opening.
Indolizine synthesis via copper-catalyzed cyclization of gem-difluoroalkenes and 2-(pyridin-2-yl)acetate derivatives
Authors: Lu Chuan-Jun , Yu Xin , Chen Yu-Ting , Song Qing-Bao , Wang Hong
Published: July 2020

A novel and versatile approach to construct substituted indolizines through copper-catalyzed coupling cyclization of 2-(pyridin-2-yl)acetate with gem-difluoroalkenes has been developed.
Highly sensitive detection ofStaphylococcus aureusby a THz metamaterial biosensor based on gold nanoparticles and rolling circle amplification
Authors: Yang Ke , Yu Wenjing , Huang Guorong , Zhou Jie , Yang Xiang , Fu Weiling
Published: July 2020

A highly sensitive method for detectingStaphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) is urgently needed to reduce the impact and spread of hospital-acquired infections and food-borne illness.
2D BeP2 monolayer: investigation of electronic and optical properties by driven modulated strain
Authors: Kansara Shivam , Sonvane Yogesh , Gajjar P. N. , Gupta Sanjeev K.
Published: July 2020

BeP2 monolayer is a promising material for the novel IR optical device.
Evolution of flow-oriented design strategies in the continuous preparation of pharmaceuticals
Authors: Fülöp Zsolt , Szemesi Péter , Bana Péter , Éles János , Greiner István
Published: July 2020

This review focuses on the flow-oriented design (FOD) in the multi-step continuous-flow synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients.
Production of novel pladienolide analogues through native expression of a pathway-specific activator
Authors: Booth Thomas J. , Kalaitzis John A. , Vuong Daniel , Crombie Andrew , Lacey Ernest , Piggott Andrew M. , Wilkinson Barrie
Published: July 2020

Reactivation of quiescent polyketide production in a domesticated lab strain.
A new pentacyclic pyrylium fluorescent probe that responds to pH imbalance during apoptosis
Authors: Chakraborty Sandip , Joseph Manu M. , Varughese Sunil , Ghosh Samrat , Maiti Kaustabh K. , Samanta Animesh , Ajayaghosh Ayyappanpillai
Published: July 2020

A modified Vilsmeier–Haack reaction resulted in the synthesis of a pyrylium based turn-on fluorescent pH probe. The probe can monitor minute acidification and dynamic pH variation in cells during apoptosis with therapeutic chemo drugs.
Phosphorus-ylides: powerful substituents for the stabilization of reactive main group compounds
Authors: Sarbajna Abir , Swamy V. S. V. S. N. , Gessner Viktoria H.
Published: July 2020

The application of ylide substituents as strong donor ligands for the stabilization of reactive main group compounds with unusual properties and reactivities is discussed.
Solid (cyanomethyl)trimethylammonium salts for electrochemically stable electrolytes for lithium metal batteries
Authors: Yunis Ruhamah , Pringle Jennifer M. , Wang Xiaoen , Girard Gaetan M. A. , Kerr Robert , Zhu Haijin , Howlett Patrick C. , MacFarlane Douglas R. , Forsyth Maria
Published: July 2020

Organic salts are being considered for the electrolyte solvent in rechargeable lithium-metal batteries (LMBs).
A yolk@shell superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic solar evaporator for efficient and stable desalination
Authors: Hu Tao , Li Lingxiao , Yang Yanfei , Zhang Junping
Published: July 2020

A yolk@shell superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic solar evaporator was prepared for efficient and stable desalination, and could generate 11.8 kg m−2 of clean water in 10 h.
Origin of intergranular Li metal propagation in garnet-based solid electrolyte by direct electronic structure analysis and performance improvement by bandgap engineering
Authors: Kim Ju-Sik , Kim Hyunseok , Badding Michael , Song Zhen , Kim Kihong , Kim Yongsu , Yun Dong-Jin , Lee Dongwook , Chang Jaemyung , Kim Sewon , Im Dongmin , Park Seongyong , Kim Seong Heon , Heo Sung
Published: July 2020

The mechanism of Li dendrite formation for Ta-doped LLZO (LLZTO) was investigated by examining the electronic structure and the laser annealing of LLZTO was performed as a bandgap engineering method to suppress the Li dendrite formation.
Changes in Motor Skills, Sensory Profiles, and Cognition Drive Food Selection in Older Adults With Preclinical Dysphagia
Authors: Etter Nicole Michele , Madhavan Aarthi
Published: July 2020

Purpose

Self-selection and self-avoidance of certain foods is one possible indicator of preclinical (prior to any clinical intervention) dysphagia in healthy older adults. Self-selection of food choices is influenced by changes in a combination of factors, including neuromuscular, sensory, and individual patient characteristics. Changes to these factors occur both centrally or peripherally and can be part of typical, healthy aging. Alterations in motor, sensory, or cognitive skills may lead to self-imposed modifications to food choices and, therefore, highlight potential risk for dysphagia.

Conclusions

For effective screening and assessments procedures in healthy aging adults, the diagnosis of preclinical dysphagia will likely require a multifaceted assessment. A combination of assessment methods using objective and subjective measurements of neuromuscular, sensory, and individual patient factors, as well as knowledge of food avoidance, may provide insight for identifying community-dwelling older adults at risk for dysphagia and allow for earlier monitoring and intervention.
A survey for occultation astrometry of main belt: expected astrometric performances
Authors: Ferreira J. F. , Tanga P. , Machado P. , Corsaro E.
Published: July 2020

Context.Occultations of stars by asteroids are an efficient method to study the properties of minor bodies, and can be exploited as tools to derive very precise asteroid astrometry relative to the target star. With the availability of stellar astrometry thanks to the ESA missionGaia, the frequency of good predictions and the quality of the astrometry have been strongly enhanced.

Aims.Our goal is to evaluate the astrometric performance of a systematic exploitation of stellar occultations, with a homogeneous data set and a given instrument setup. As a reference instrument, we adopt the example of a robotic 50 cm telescope, which is under construction at the Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur. We focus in particular on single-chord occultations.

Methods.We created a data set of simulated light curves, that are modelled by a Bayesian approach. To build the final statistics, we considered a list of predicted events over a long time span, and stellar astrometry fromGaiadata release 2.

Results.We derive an acceptable range of observability of the events, with clear indications of the expected errors in terms of timing uncertainties. By converting the distribution of such errors to astrometric uncertainties, we show that the precision on a single chord can reach levels equivalent to the performance ofGaia(sub-milli-arcseconds). The errors on the asteroid position are dominated by the uncertainty on the position of the occultation chord with respect to the barycentre of the object.

Conclusions.The limiting factor in the use of occultation astrometry is not the light curve uncertainty, but our knowledge of the asteroid's shape and size. This conclusion is valid in a wide range of flux drops and magnitudes of the occulted star. The currently increasing knowledge of the shape, spin properties, and size, must be used to mitigate this source of error.
Identification of Key Flight Conflict Nodes Based on Complex Network Theory
Authors: Wu Minggong , Wang Zekun , Gan Xusheng , Yang Guozhou , Wen Xiangxi
Published: July 2020

The air traffic density in the terminal area is high and the traffic situation is relatively complex by the development of aviation, which brings great challenges to controller. In order to understand the flight situation and provide decision basis for controllers, this paper proposes a key flight conflict nodes identification method based on complex network theory and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)-entropy weight method. Firstly, an aircraft state network is established with aircraft as nodes and Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) communication relations as connecting edges. On this basis, four parameters, node degree, node weight, clustering coefficient and betweenness, are selected as evaluation indexes of node importance, and the weight of each index is determined by using AHP. And entropy weight method is introduced to revise the results. Node importance is calculated through multi-attribute decision-making method to determine key conflict aircrafts. The simulation and experiment on the artificial network and the aircraft state network of a certain day in the terminal area of Kunming Changshui Airport show that the method proposed in this paper can identify the key flight conflict nodes in the aircraft state network, allocate the selected node deployment can effectively reduce the complexity of the aircraft state network, can provide reference for air traffic control services (ATCS), and reduce the allocation difficulty of controller.
Multi-Channel Data Acquisition System Based on FPGA and STM32
Authors: Zhang Yue , Tao Linwei
Published: July 2020

In order to realize the acquisition and storage of underwater acoustic signals for aiming at the requirements of multi-channel, low power consumption and small volume for underwater receiver extension of sonar system, a multi-channel signal acquisition and storage system based on FPGA and STM32 with variable number of working channels and sampling frequency is designed, in which the system is consisted of 8 pieces, 8 channel and 24 bits high dynamic range Δ-Σ ADS1278 ADC chip to synchronous multi-channel analog signal acquisition. FPGA, as the acquisition sequence and logic control, reads and collates the ADC chip data and writes it into the internal high-capacity FIFO, and adds corresponding operations according to the characteristics of FIFO in an application. SMT32 single-chip microcomputer reads the FIFO data through the high-speed SPI interface with FPGA and writes the multi-channel data into the high-capacity SD card. The testing results have verified that the system has characteristics such as stable and reliable, easy configuration, low power consumption, can guarantee the multichannel data serial transmission, storage, accurate, up to 64 analog signals at the same time the real-time collection and storage, top 20 kHz sampling rate, the system total power of the system of about 3W, data rates up to 100 Mb/s, fully meet the needs of underwater sound acquisition system.
Impacto femoroacetabular e lesão do lábio acetabular – Parte 2: Diagnóstico clínico, exame físico e imagiologia
Authors: Polesello Giancarlo Cavalli , Eisjman Leandro , Queiroz Marcelo C. , Rudelli Bruno Alves , Rudelli Marco , Ricioli Junior Walter
Published: July 2020

O diagnóstico clínico do impacto femoroacetabular continua a evoluir conforme o entendimento dos quadris normal e patológico progride. Impacto femoroacetabular é atualmente definido como uma síndrome na qual o diagnóstico se baseia no somatório de uma história clínica abrangente obtida previamente, seguida de um exame físico coerente e padronizado com manobras ortopédicas específicas. Além disso, exames radiográficos e tomográficos são usados para a avaliação morfológica do quadril, e para verificar a existência de sequelas de doenças do quadril da infância e a presença de osteoartrose. O entendimento da morfologia e versão femoral e acetabular associado às imagens de lesões labrais e osteocondrais obtidas com a ressonância magnética contribuem para a confirmação da síndrome nos pacientes sintomáticos, além de auxiliar na exclusão de diagnósticos diferenciais, como ressalto do tendão do músculo iliopsoas, impacto subespinhal, impacto isquiofemoral, e outras patologias da articulação do quadril.
Investigation of laminate debonding in horizontal axis water turbine composite blades
Authors: Fal Mokhtar , Abutunis Abdulaziz , Chandrashekhara K. , Dhaliwal Gurjot S.
Published: July 2020

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are becoming popular due to their superior strength to weight ratio and stiffness properties. This study highlights the interlaminar debonding growth, which is considered one of the most frequent problems with composite materials. A three-blade horizontal axis water turbine (HAWT) was manufactured using IM7/Cycom5320-1 carbon/epoxy prepreg. During the process of manufacturing, a specific number of Teflon sheets were placed between the composite layers in two locations to create a separation between the layers and to investigate the delamination growth. Three different laminate stacking sequences were selected to be tested: [0°]4, [0°/90°]S, and [45°/−45°]S. The composite blades were placed in a water tunnel and run for 3 million revolutions. A thermography analysis was carried out to evaluate the propagation and growth of the delamination. A one-way fluid–structure interaction (FSI) model was created and implemented to obtain the stress values along the blade. The results showed the influence of the composite lay-up orientation on the growth of the delamination. The unidirectional blades ([0°]4) showed the lowest amount of propagation, while the cross-ply ([0°/90°]S) showed the most delamination growth. The bottom location (near the root) showed the maximum delamination. Both sides of the blades showed significant delamination growth. However, the back side showed more interlaminar debonding growth than the front side. After three million revolutions, the percentage of debonding growth for the bottom/back side of the blades was 6.58%, 36.25%, and 27.63% for [0°]4, [0°/90°]S, and [45°/−45°]S, respectively.
Depauperate seed banks in urban tropical seagrass meadows
Authors: Ong Glendon Hong Ming , Lai Samantha , Yaakub Siti Maryam , Todd Peter
Published: July 2020

Seagrasses need to be resilient if they are to persist in the long term. Being able to build up a dormant seed bank in sediments is a key strategy that some species employ to regenerate from large-scale degradation. Much of the research on seed banks has focussed on temperate species, and little is known regarding the status of seed banks in tropical meadows. In the present study, we examined the seed bank status of three common seagrass species at six sites in Singapore and attempted to identify potential drivers of seed abundance. Our results indicated depauperate seed banks with few species setting viable seed and low seed densities. Halophila ovalis seeds were found at four sites and Halodule uninervis seeds at two sites, but Cymodocea rotundata seeds were absent from all six sites. Whereas H. ovalis seed viability ranged from 20% to 68.8%, none of the H. uninervis seeds was viable. Halophila ovalis seed densities (33–334m–2) were much higher than those of H. uninervis (9–21m–2). Of the variables examined, only H. ovalis cover was positively correlated with the number of seeds. Our study has highlighted the vulnerability of seagrass meadows in Singapore’s urban waters to future disturbances.
Bioinspired conductive cellulose liquid-crystal hydrogels as multifunctional electrical skins
Authors: Zhang Zhuohao , Chen Zhuoyue , Wang Yu , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: July 2020

Significance

We present an electronic skin (E-skin) based on hydroxypropyl cellulose composite hydrogel with stable cholesteric liquid-crystal structures and bright structural colors. Due to the utilization of the composite hydrogel with multiple responsiveness as a main building block, the E-skin can respond to pressure, tension, and temperature, and perform optical sensing of these external stimuli through color migration caused by internal structural changes. By adding carbon nanotubes, the composite hydrogel can simultaneously output these stimuli as electrical signals. Due to this dual-responsive mechanism under stimuli, the E-skin has great research value in health care and variable devices.
Pathways to collaborative performance: examining the different combinations of conditions under which collaborations are successful
Authors: Douglas Scott , Berthod Olivier , Groenleer Martijn , Nederhand José
Published: July 2020

The literature on collaborative governance has generated several comprehensive models detailing the conditions which collaborations must meet to achieve collaborative performance. The importance of each separate condition – such as the presence of incentives to participate, appropriate institutional designs, or facilitative leadership – has been validated in various studies. How all of these conditions interact with each other, and whether all of the conditions need to be present to achieve performance, is less well understood. Leveraging the rich resource of the newly created Collaborative Governance Case Database, this article explores the different pathways to performance used by 26 local collaborations. The analysis shows that the presence of strong incentives for partners to collaborate is a crucial condition for success; almost all performing cases shared this starting point. Performance was then achieved by combining strong incentives with either clear institutional design (e.g. explicit rules, transparent decision-making) or with intensive collaborative processes (e.g. face-to-face dialogue, knowledge sharing). This analysis shows that the current models for collaborative governance can serve as roadmaps, laying out all of the different conditions than may be important, but that collaborations can follow different routes to reach their objectives.
Post-monsoon air quality degradation across Northern India: assessing the impact of policy-related shifts in timing and amount of crop residue burnt
Authors: Sembhi H , Wooster M , Zhang T , Sharma S , Singh N , Agarwal S , Boesch H , Gupta S , Misra A , Tripathi S N , Mor S , Khaiwal R
Published: July 2020

The past decade has seen episodes of increasingly severe air pollution across much of the highly populated Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), particularly during the post-monsoon season when crop residue burning (CRB) is most prevalent. Recent studies have suggested that a major, possibly dominant contributor to this air quality decline is that northwest (NW) Indian rice residue burning has shifted later into the post-monsoon season, as an unintended consequence of a 2009 groundwater preservation policy that delayed the sowing of irrigated rice paddy. Here we combine air quality modelling of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) over IGP cities, with meteorology, fire and smoke emissions data to directly test this hypothesis. Our analysis of satellite-derived agricultural fires shows that an approximate 10 d shift in the timing of NW India post-monsoon residue burning occurred since the introduction of the 2009 groundwater preservation policy. For the air quality crisis of 2016, we found that NW Indian CRB timing shifts made a small contribution to worsening air quality (3% over Delhi) during the post-monsoon season. However, if the same agricultural fires were further delayed, air quality in the CRB source region (i.e. Ludhiana) and for Delhi could have deteriorated by 30% and 4.4%, respectively. Simulations for other years highlight strong inter-annual variabilities in the impact of these timing shifts, with the magnitude and even direction of PM2.5 concentration changes strongly dependent on specific meteorological conditions. Overall we find post-monsoon IGP air quality to be far more sensitive to meteorology and the amount of residue burned in the fields of NW India than to the timing shifts in residue burning. Our study calls for immediate actions to provide farmers affordable and sustainable alternatives to residue burning to hasten its effective prohibition, which is paramount to reducing the intensity of post-monsoon IGP air pollution episodes.
Morphological observation on the inflorescence development of Tridax procumbens, Eclipta prostrata, Eleutheranthera ruderalis, Synedrella nodiflora (Asteraceae, Heliantheae)
Authors: Delviani A , Putri D A , Salamah A
Published: July 2020

Asteraceae is one of the cosmopolitan flowering plants spread in various regions, including Indonesia. Tridax procumbens, Eclipta prostrata, Eleutheranthera ruderalis, and Synedrella nodiflora are commonly found at Universitas Indonesia Campus, Depok. The research was conducted to describe the development stages of flowers and fruit forms from the four species of the Heliantheae tribe. Samples were taken by purposive sampling technique at several locations at Universitas Indonesia Campus, Depok. All stages of flower buds start from the smallest until the dry up fruit stages are collected and observed using the Dinolite device and the Dino capture 2.0 application. The results showed that there were variations in the number of stages of inflorescence-fruit development in the four species observed, with a range 9-16 stages. The flowering stage divided into four groups, namely pre-anthesis, beginning of anthesis, anthesis, and senescence. In the pre-anthesis stage, the inflorescence is still in the bud form and green; at the beginning of anthesis, the buds begin to open, and the corolla begins to appear; the anthesis stage is marked with a fully open corolla; while the senescence stage is characterized by a change in the corolla into brown and dries out. The four species observed have achene (cypsela) fruit with sizes ranging from 3-4 mm. The fruits have Achene (cypsela) with pronounce and a reduced part of distribution accessories. Seed distribution accessories are winged peripheral, lanceolate shaped central, capillary bristle, and reduced pappus.
Chromosome analysis of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis using CHIAS IV software
Authors: Celinna M , Miranda P A , Rachma I , Salamah A
Published: July 2020

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is a plant that has flowers with many variations in size, petal shape, petal colors, and chromosome number. Chromosome number and morphology information is the key to study its flower morphology and physiology. Chromosome Image Analyzing System IV (CHIAS IV) is software that used for mapping and identifying chromosome automatically. This report presents the results of chromosome analysis using CHIAS IV from four H. rosa-sinensis flower variations (single small red, single small pale red, single big red, and double red). Chromosome number and condensation patterns of individual chromosomes analysis suggested that these flower variations of H. rosa-sinensis exhibited polyploidy, with the smallest number found in single small pale red and the biggest number in single big red flower. CHIAS IV software is an effective tool to analyze chromosome image, especially to predict chromosome number, chromosome type, relative length, and condensation patterns of individual chromosome.
Removal phospate-containing detergent wastewater by Mg–Al(NO3) layered double hydroxide
Authors: Irawan C , Ratmasari A , Rizaldi F , Nata I F , Putra M D
Published: July 2020

Detergent wastewater contains high phosphate concentrations, so that if the wastewater is directly disposed of into a ditch or river then the wastewater can cause water pollution and eutrophication. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are synthetic materials with positively charged pyruvate type coatings of mixed metal hydroxides by chemical precipitation method. The purpose of this study is to find out the efficiency of Mg–Al(NO3) LDH on phosphate-containing detergent wastewater adsorption. The morphological structure of LDH by the SEM-EDS analysis method shows a loose lamellar structure with a particle size of about 1 μm, and the composition of Mg–Al(NO3) LDH by the XRF analysis method shows that the Mg and Al elements dominate more than other elements. Batch adsorption experimental conducted for detergent wastewater, which is where in this study the phosphate content was of ca. 51.50 mg / L. The equilibrium time of the adsorption process using Mg–Al(NO3) LDH is achieved after 60 minutes. The mole ratio of Mg : Al composition of LDH in the adsorption process has slightly affects the decrease in phosphate shown by a mole ratio of 1 : 1, 2 : 1 and 3 : 1 using Mg–Al (NO3) LDH as adsorbent at dose of 1 g, stirring rate of 100 rpm, 60 minutes, and at room temperature that is equal to 4.15 mg/L, 4.14 mg/L and 4.08 mg/L, respectively. Mg–Al(NO3) LDH is a promising adsorbent for phosphate removal in detergent wastewater.
Edible film cassava starch/eggshell powder composite containing antioxidant: preparation and characterization
Authors: Nata I F , Irawan C , Adawiyah M , Ariwibowo S
Published: July 2020

Edible film is a thin layer that is edible and acts as a protective food from environmental affect such as water vapor, oxygen, and moisture. Edible film with antioxidant content could prevent food from bacterial activity. In the present research, source of antioxidant is derived from “Kelakai” extract. This aims of this study are to evaluate the effect of eggshell powder concentration and cassava starch as raw material for edible film production and to study the physical and chemical properties of the edible film. The edible film was made from a mixture of eggshell powder (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, wt/v) and cassava starch (5% wt/v) in distilled waterThe mixture was added 1.5% v/v of glycerol and 5% and 10%, v/v of Kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris) extract. The mixture was heated up to ∼96 ºC, 100 rpm for 40 min. Then, mixture was poured into the acrylic mold (20x10 cm) and dried in an oven at 50 ºC for 24 h. The optimum composition of edible film is 10% of eggshell powder which has thickness of 0.122 mm, 1.6 MPa of tensile strength, 25.4% of elongation. The surface morphology of edible film was shown the rough surface and transparent which contains of C-H, O-H, and C=O groups that identified by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) analysis. The antioxidant activity of edible film was shown by scavenging activity about 10.13% after 10 min.