Terapi non-farmakologi dalam mengurangi tingkat nyeri kepala pada pasien hipertensi: A literature review
Authors: Setiadi Daviq Bagus , Triyanto Endang , Upoyo Arif Setyo 
Published: January 2025

Background: The occurrence of headaches in patients with hypertension is attributable to an elevation in cerebral vascular resistance. The patient experiences a headache in the nape and forehead area, with a moderate level of pain intensity that has a detrimental effect on their comfort.
Purpose: To determine the most appropriate non-pharmacological therapy for the management of headache pain in patients with hypertension.
Method: Literature review study with journal article search was conducted on the ProQuest, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Ebsco search databases published in 2019-2024 in English and Indonesian. The keywords used were "non-pharmacological therapy, headache, hypertension". Researchers found 518 articles, after selection, 12 articles were obtained to be reviewed using JBI Quality Appraisal.
Results: The 12 selected articles present a variety of non-pharmacological therapies that can be performed, including relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, massage, acupuncture, and the use of warm compresses. Non-pharmacological therapy has both management and side effects. The results of the analysis demonstrated that the most effective therapy for managing headaches is warm compresses, when compared to other therapies. The administration of warm compresses, specifically the application of compresses to the neck for a duration of 10 to 15 minutes once per day for a period of seven days, resulted in a reduction of the mean pain score among hypertensive patients by 3.1 points.
Conclusion: The most efficacious non-pharmacological therapy for the alleviation of head pain is the application of warm compresses.
 
Keywords: Headache; Hypertension; Non-pharmacological Therapy.
 
Pendahuluan: Nyeri kepala pada penderita hipertensi terjadi karena resistensi pembuluh darah otak meningkat. Nyeri kepala yang dirasakan pada area tengkuk hingga dahi dengan intensitas nyeri sedang yang mengganggu kenyamanan penderita.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui terapi non-farmakologi terhadap nyeri kepala penderita hipertensi.
Metode: Studi literature review dengan pencarian artikel jurnal dilakukan pada database pencarian ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar dan Ebsco, diterbitkan pada tahun 2019-2024 berbahasa Inggris dan Indonesia. Kata kunci yang digunakan “terapi non-farmakologi, nyeri kepala, hipertensi”. Peneliti menemukan 518 artikel, setelah dilakukan seleksi didapatkan sebanyak 12 artikel untuk ditinjau menggunakan Quality Appraisal JBI.
Hasil: Dari 12 artikel terpilih memiliki ragam terapi non-farmakologi yang dapat dilakukan antara lain, relaksasi dalam bentuk relaksasi nafas dalam, massage, akupunktur, dan kompres hangat. Terapi non-farmakologi memiliki tatalaksana dan efek samping, terapi yang paling efektif dalam penanganan nyeri kepala yaitu kompres hangat dibandingkan terapi lainnya. Tatalaksana kompres hangat yaitu melakukan kompres di bagian leher selama 10-15 menit 1 kali sehari selama 7 hari menurunkan skor nyeri rata-rata pasien hipertensi sebesar 3.1 poin.
Simpulan: Terapi non-farmakologi dalam mengurangi nyeri kepala yang paling tepat dengan cara kompres hangat.
 
Kata Kunci: Hipertensi; Nyeri Kepala; Terapi Non-farmakologi.