bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developmental paths of teacher professional knowledge in modeling-based teaching: analysis from a longitudinal socio-historical perspective
Authors: Oliveira Leandro , Justi Rosária
Published: May 2024

This study seeks to understand the development of teacher professional knowledge about models and modeling of a Chemistry Education associate professor, experienced and specialized in modeling-based teaching from a longitudinal socio-historical perspective. To do so, we analyzed her statements about her life history in terms of school and academic education, as well as professional practices for the last 18 years. Data were constructed from the transcription of those statements and interpreted according to theoretical-methodological procedures based on both a microgenetic analysis, promoting the decontextualization of contexts, and a macrogenetic analysis, from the recontextualization of contexts. This made it possible to trace her experiences from the student context at the secondary school to the experiences as university professor about to teach a course on models and modeling to a class of future teachers. The data analysis showed that, in her teaching history, various educational situations and contexts involving modeling-based teaching influenced her teacher professional knowledge about models and modeling, as well as how some turning points influenced and took part of the development of such knowledge. This study favors an understanding of the constitution of the subject (the associate professor) as it allows entering into her life contexts in which developmental paths of her teacher professional knowledge were identified and characterized. Furthermore, it contributes to the understanding of how science teachers can develop such knowledge from a longitudinal socio-historical perspective, which may have implications for teachers education.
UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA SOBRE A TEORIA CRÍTICA DA RAÇA NA EDUCAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA
Authors: Castro de Oliveira Anderson , Alves Brito Alan , Diogo Rosa Katemari
Published: May 2024

A Teoria Crítica da Raça (TCR) desempenha um papel fundamental ao ajudar a compreender a dinâmica das relações raciais no país. Este trabalho consiste em uma revisão da literatura sobre a articulação e a utilização da TCR na educação científica. O objetivo principal foi mapear, identificar e analisar a produção acadêmica na área da educação científica que adotou a TCR como referencial teórico e/ou metodológico, no período de 1995 a 2021, a fim de compreender os debates no campo da pesquisa e do ensino da Educação em Ciências, tanto no contexto brasileiro quanto internacional. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio da consulta de artigos nas bases de dados eletrônicas ERIC (Educational Resource Information Centre), Portal de Periódicos da CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) e SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online). O resultado da busca foi de 40 artigos, publicados em 24 periódicos internacionais. Após a seleção, leitura e análise dos artigos, os trabalhos foram organizados em três categorias: (i) Compromisso da educação científica com as questões raciais; (ii) Educação de jovens na perspectiva da raça; (iii) Percepção docente na formação centrada na raça. A pesquisa destaca a necessidade de mais estudos e esforços de pesquisa em relação à TCR no contexto brasileiro, especialmente na Educação em Ciências e nas ciências físicas, onde ainda é pouco difundida.
O CONCEITO DE ELÉTRON E A NARRATIVA DE ALICE NO PAÍS NO QUANTUM: UMA CONSTRUÇÃO DE SIGNIFICADOS PELA ICONICIDADE DE SIGNOS
Authors: Dos Santos Marinho Marília , Ratis Tenório da Silva João Roberto
Published: May 2024

A relação Ciência-Literatura, na Educação Científica, tem apontado às potencialidades educativas da literatura fantástica, por exemplo, para a aprendizagem de conceitos abstratos. No entanto, não se tem explorado o papel dos elementos ficcionais no processo de aprendizagem e como eles são retomados em situações de ensino. Neste estudo, realizamos uma oficina sobre o conceito de elétron e a Mecânica Quântica com estudantes de um curso de licenciatura em Química, para investigar como a narrativa de Alice no País do Quantum poderia influenciar na aprendizagem. Ao analisar os dados das discussões e questionários, a partir da Teoria da Iconicidade Verbal (TIV), identificamos a manipulação de níveis de iconicidade pelos estudantes ao relacionarem elementos ficcionais com suas compreensões sobre o elétron em uma realidade microscópica. Nossos achados apontam como a narrativa do livro foi importante na (re)significação por parte dos estudantes, sendo representada pela manipulação dos níveis de iconicidade propostos pela TIV.
COMPREENDENDO A POLISSEMIA DO CONCEITO DARWINISTA DE ADAPTAÇÃO EM LIVROS DIDÁTICOS DE BIOLOGIA DO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Meneses Lima Tasso , De Alencar Serra e Sepulveda Cláudia , Niño El-Hani Charbel
Published: May 2024

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a polissemia do conceito darwinista de adaptação em livros didáticos de Biologia do Ensino Médio aprovados no Programa Nacional do Livro Didático de 2015. Como ferramenta teórico-metodológica, foi utilizada uma matriz semântica contendo dimensões ontológicas e epistemológicas que forneceram as bases para a proposição de zonas de um modelo de Perfil Conceitual do conceito de adaptação. As análises mostraram que o uso frequente do conceito de adaptação na abordagem de conteúdos de Zoologia, Botânica, Paleontologia e Fisiologia reforçou o papel integrador e central da Evolução no discurso escolar. Prevaleceu entre as unidades de registro uma noção utilitarista da adaptação como estado de ser ou para referir-se a características dos seres-vivos, nas quais a funcionalidade aparece como condição suficiente para defini-las como adaptações, independentemente de sua  origem por seleção natural. Esse modo de apresentar as adaptações pode levar os estudantes a relegarem o papel da seleção natural em sua explicação a um segundo plano, ou mesmo a desconsiderá-lo inteiramente, ou a compreendê-la como um processo que atua necessariamente para produzir traços adequados às condições atuais do meio. Diversas abordagens envolvendo o conceito de adaptação enfatizaram as noções de objetivo e propósito, desde uma perspectiva teleológica. O uso recorrente dessas explicações teleológicas pode estar associado ao fato de que esse modo de pensar é bastante comum nas atividades cognitivas, de tal maneira que seu uso seria justificado pela expectativa de que uma linguagem baseada nele poderia apresentar valor heurístico na evolução conceitual dos estudantes. Há, contudo, uma necessidade de fundamentar essas explicações apropriadamente, desde uma abordagem evolutiva e/ou organizacional dos sistemas vivos, de tal maneira que modos de pensar incompatíveis com o entendimento científico na biologia contemporânea não sejam promovidos. Isso traz dificuldades que são de enfrentamento potencialmente complicado no ensino médio, especialmente se considerarmos a ausência na formação de professores, em geral, de uma fundamentação apropriada de explicações teleológicas válidas à luz do pensamento biológico contemporâneo.
Analyzing Network Time Protocol (NTP) Based Amplification DDoS Attack and its Mitigation Techniques
Authors:   Department of Cybersecurity The Federal Polytechnic, Offa, Kwara State, Nigeria 2 Cisco Systems, Nigeria, Lagos, Nigeria., Jimoh Hammed. O. , Ahmed Mubarak .O.
Published: May 2024

Network Time Protocol amplification attack is a form of distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack in which an attacker exploits or sends a request to a vulnerable NTP server by using their IP address to flood a targeted network or server with an overwhelming volume of User Datagram Protocol (UDP) traffic. In the past, the techniques that involved reflecting traffic off NTP servers to the victim, with the attacker hiding their identity by spoofing the source IP address were carried out using mainly Domain Name Server (DNS) servers but the use of vulnerable NTP servers as reflectors in DDoS attacks has gain lot of popularity since 2014, and this is as a result of the realization of high amplification scale that NTP servers can provide. This type of reflector attack maximized the use of the amplification factor of NTP servers to magnify the attack bandwidth, making it particularly disruptive and difficult to mitigate. Since NTP amplification is not a popularly known attack and there has not been much thorough research on it, this paper explores a holistic overview of NTP amplification attacks, how NTP is used for DDoS attacks, and the overall method that can be used to mitigate such attacks. Keywords: Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attack, DNS servers, NTP servers
Pengaruh Suhu dan Tekanan terhadap Hasil Penggorengan Keripik Belimbing (Averrhoa carambola L.) Menggunakan Vacuum Frying
Authors: Asmara Sandi , Rahmawati Winda , Kuncoro Sapto , Amanullah Deo Arif
Published: May 2024

Fruit chips are healthy snacks because of their high fiber content. One of the fruit commodities being developed is the starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) commodity. Starfruit is a fruit that is widely processed into other processed foods, because the fruit is easily damaged and has a relatively short shelf life of 3 to 4 days. Fruit chips are more resistant to storage than fresh fruit because their water content is low and physiological processes no longer occur. The equipment used to make fruit chips is a vacuum fryer which has the advantage of frying fruit into chips. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of frying temperature and pressure on product quality in the manufacture of starfruit chips using vacuum frying and to determine the optimal temperature and pressure for frying starfruit chips using vacuum frying. The research method used was an experimental design in the form of a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Experimental factors in this study used two factors, temperature (T), namely temperature 75°C, 80°C, 85°C and pressure (P) during the frying process namely -68 cmHg, -70 cmHg and -72 cmHg, with as many repetitions as 3 times to produce 27 experimental units. The parameters observed in this study were the analysis of material shrinkage (yield), water content, organoleptic tests, and analysis of storage of starfruit chips. It can be concluded that the optimal choice of temperature and pressure in the operation of a vacuum frying equipment for making starfruit chips is 80°C with a low frying pressure of -72 cmHg. The quality of starfruit chips with a temperature of 80°C and a frying pressure of -72 cmHg was included in the best product category in this study based on overall acceptance which had a material yield value of 13.09%, a moisture content of 4.64%, and a color organoleptic test score of 4. 13 (yellow), aroma 3.67 (starfruit aroma is rather strong), taste 4.40 (slightly sweet), crispness 4.00 (crunchy). Keywords:  Chips, Starfruit, Vacuum Frying
Pemanfaatan Arang Kayu, Tempurung an Sabut Kelapa Sebagai Bahan Bakar Pengasapan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) Menggunakan Alat Pengasap Ikan Tipe Drum
Authors: Asmara Sandi , Putri Mustika , Oktafri Oktafri , Kuncoro Sapto
Published: May 2024

Tilapia is a freshwater fish that is popular with many people, because its meat tastes savory and delicious. One way to process fish so that it lasts is by smoking the fish. This fish is smoked using a drum type smoker. This research aims to analyze the characteristics of smoked tilapia using several fuel components. The sample used was approximately 36 kg of fresh tilapia fish with fuel consisting of a composition of wood charcoal and coconut husks, wood charcoal and coconut shells, and a composition of coconut shells and coconut husks. The best treatment of the three fuel compositions used is the P2 treatment with a composition of 50% wood charcoal + 50% coconut shell, with an organoleptic value of appearance 8.60, aroma 8.33, taste 8.67 and texture 8.47, which means appearance whole, the color is less shiny, specific to the product, has a specific aroma of smoked fish that is less strong, has a specific taste of smoked fish that is less strong, and has a dense, compact texture, quite tight intertwining which has a weight loss of 35.5%, water content of 54.89% (in accordance with SNI), the yield is 64.49% and the amount of fuel used is 3.6 kg. Keywords:  Coconut Fiber, Coconut Shell, Drum Type Smoker, Tilapia Fish Smoking, Wood Charcoal.
Analisis Ekonomi Sistem Fertigasi Pada Budidaya Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Novianti Evita , Tusi Ahmad , Amien Elhamida Rezkia , Suharyatun Siti
Published: May 2024

Shallot cultivation using the fertigation system is a method of providing fertilizer and irrigation water for shallot plants through a drip irrigation system, which is more efficient and effective, so as to increase productivity. However, farmers still do not know information regarding the implementation of the fertigation system on shallots and the benefits. The purpose of this study was to analyze the cost requirements of the fertigation system, the economic feasibility of the business, and the minimum area of shallot cultivation area for business farmers who use the fertigation system and do not apply the fertigation system in Nambahrejo Village, Kota Gajah District, Central Lampung. There are two types of data obtained, namely primary data obtained from direct survey methods or collecting questionnaire data and interviews with farmers, and secondary data from literature and the like. The research results show that the shallot fertigation system with a quarter ha land area is feasible with a total cost value of ±Rp. 134,044,026,-/year, the NPV value is Rp. 291,029,252/year, Net B/C of 1.25, IRR of 35%, and payback period (PP) of 0.58 years / ±7 months. Shallot cultivation is recommended to be carried out with a minimum area of ¼ ha with 3 planting periods per year.
Analisis prospektif pengembangan agrotechnopreneurship berbasis potensi sektor pertanian di Kabupaten Jember [Prospective analysis of potential-based agrotechnopreneurship development in the agricultural sector in Jember Regency]
Authors: Wibowo Yuli , Soekarno Siswoyo , Wiyono Andi Eko , Fajriyah Ajeng Afriska Lailatul , Windiari Eva Yulia
Published: May 2024

The pandemic several years ago has impacted employment problems with the increase in the number of unemployed in Jember Regency. One effort can be made to develop agrotechnopreneurship as a community business.  This study aims to analyze the prospects for developing agrotechnopreneurship by utilizing the potential of the agricultural sector in Jember Regency.  The analysis focused on potential agrotechnopreneurship products developed in Jember Regency today: mocaf, chili sauce, coconut briquettes, shredded catfish, and cow's milk kefir.  This research uses a prospective analysis method structured based on states that may occur in the future.  The results showed several scenarios for developing potential agrotechnopreneurship in Jember Regency, generally including optimistic and pessimistic scenarios.  The development of agrotechnopreneurship in chili sauce, coconut briquettes, shredded catfish, and cow's milk kefir has an optimistic scenario, indicating a promising potential for future growth. This optimistic scenario can be realized if the key factors in the development of agrotechnopreneurship can be improved as expected. Meanwhile, the development of mocaf agrotechnopreneurship has a pessimistic scenario. Keywords: agrotechnopreneurship, Jember Regency, prospective analysis, the agricultural sector
Pemanfaatan ampas batang kelapa sawit tua bebas nira sebagai bahan baku biopelet [Utilization of sap free old palm dregs as raw material for biopellets]
Authors: Utomo Tanto Pratondo , Hasanudin Udin , Hidayati Sri , Widaputri Silaturahmi
Published: May 2024

Palm oil plants, after reaching the end of their productive life, need to be rejuvenated with proper handling to prevent old palm trunks, which have been cut down, from being infested by beetles and the growth of Ganoderma sp. fungus, which can damage productive palm oil plants in the vicinity. The old oil palm trunks contain sap and have been utilized. The residue of the oil palm trunk after sap extraction contains carbon compounds that can be used as raw material for bio-pellets, representing an added value potential.  In this study, the composition of sap-free palm trunk dregs as raw material for bio pellets and the manufacture of bio pellets using sap-free palm dregs with a combination of particle size treatment and pressing pressure of T1M1 (0.4882 kg/cm2; 10 mesh); T1M2 (0.4882 kg/cm2; 20 mesh); T1M3 (0.4882 kg/cm2; 40 mesh); T2M1 (0.9764 kg/cm2; 10 mesh); T2M2 (0.9764 kg/cm2; 20 mesh); T2M3 (0.9764 kg/cm2; 40 mesh); T3M1 (1.4647 kg/cm2; 10 mesh); T3M2 (1.4647 kg/cm2; 20 mesh); and T3M3 (1.4647 kg/cm2; 40 mesh) using a hydraulic shop press to produce bio-pellets with a length of 2.5 cm and a diameter of 1.2 cm. The research used a descriptive method by presenting data as diagrams and tables. The results showed that the nira-free palm dregs used as raw material for the best bio-pellets in the T2M1 treatment (0.9764 kg/cm2; 10 mesh) contained 25.7% hemicellulose, 47.6% cellulose, and 7.2% lignin. The pellets produced contained 6.50% moisture content, 5.01% ash content, and 4416.93 cal/g heating value.
Generalized $\pi$-Hirano inverses of the sum in Banach algebras
Authors: Bahlakeh Bibi Roghaye , Bahmani Sangesari Rahman , Sheibani Abdolyousefi Marjan , Ashrafi N.
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we investigate some additive results on g$\pi$-Hirano invertibility in Banach algebras. By applying our results, some new results for operator matrices are obtained. This extends the main results of [H. Zou, T. Li and Y. Wei, arXiv:2302.06080v1].
Fear of Missing Out and Problematic Usage of Smartphones Concerning Adolescents
Authors: Taş Aysun , Balcı Süleyman
Published: May 2024

The development of technology and increase of common usage of mobile phone in recent years has caused the desire of the individual to share their lives with other individuals and the desire to be aware of their lives, that is, the fear of missing out regarding developments. By considering that the fear of missing out (fomo) and problematic cell phone use will affect adolescents, current study aimed to analyze the fomo and problematic mobile phone use of adolescents with regard to various variables. In present research, descriptive research design was conducted. The data of current study were collected with the fomo scale and the problematic smartphone usage scale. It was carried out with 673 adolescents who have been studying at high school. The results revealed that the fomo differs significantly in adolescents in terms of gender and class level and it was concluded that problematic smartphone usage differs significantly with regard to father education level, gender and class level. Moreover, it has been concluded that problematic mobile phone use did not differ with regard to mother and father education level, age, high school type and family income level. Additionally, the results of current research revealed that the fomo and problematic smartphone usage are positively and significantly related with each other regarding adolescents.
Novel transient-state analysis approach for distributed temperature sensing based on spontaneous Raman scattering
Authors: Shatarah Iyad S. M. , Olbrycht Robert , Więcek Bogusław
Published: May 2024

The light scattering phenomenon in optical fibres has been implemented in several applications for years. Nowadays, commercial distributed sensing systems for temperature measurements – distributed temperature sensing (DTS) – are gaining more attention and are being applied in many fields. The DTS systems are commonly based on optical time domain reflectometry or optical frequency domain reflectometry analysis approaches. This paper presents the simulation model and primary experimental results of a novel approach for data analysis for DTS systems based on the measurement of the backscattered Raman anti-Stokes radiation: the optical transient-state domain reflectometry. The novelty of this approach is the fast and accurate proposed analysis algorithm, as well as the cost-effective, secure and reliable set-up, whose main aspect is the implementation of long, low-power input laser pulses.
Numerical model of capacitance-related phenomena in semiconductor lasers based on partial differential equations
Authors: Wasiak Michał , Sarzała Robert P.
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a model of the capacitance and electrical properties of semiconductor lasers biased with modulated voltage. The model is based on the finite-element method (FEM), which is widely used in computer modelling and is a natural generalisation of a wellknown constant-voltage FEM electrical model. In principle, the model can be applied to any kind of device where inductance can be neglected. Here, it is applied to simulate the complex impedance and other high-frequency electrical properties of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. These properties are very important for the application of such lasers in optical data transfer systems. The results show that both the diameter of the top mesa and the surface area of the top electrical contact have a strong impact on the performance of the laser. This impact is analysed as a function of the modulation frequency.
Phase space analysis of semiconductor laser dynamics
Authors: Grześ Paweł , Michalska Maria , Świderski Jacek
Published: May 2024

The dynamics of semiconductor lasers are modelled in the time domain using a pair of differential equations known as rate equations. The analysis, based on temporal solutions of these equations, yields practical results utilised in various applications. Alternatively, an analysis employing the phase space method, a well-established analytical tool in applied mathematics, provides a more comprehensive perspective on semiconductor laser dynamics. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed and intuitive introduction to phase space analysis in the context of semiconductor laser dynamics. The goal is to offer an easily comprehensible description of the mentioned method, placing emphasis on the graphical representation and physical interpretation of the results. The method effectiveness is shown through its application to selected practical problems. Furthermore, semiconductor laser dynamics can be treated as an illustrative example, showcasing the applicability of the method, which can be readily extended to other types of lasers or even more advanced dynamic systems.
Wholeness and Holiness: Reading Wesley through Oduyoye
Authors: Ployd Adam
Published: May 2024

This article seeks to read Wesley through the lens of Mercy Amba Oduyoye, reimagining the Wesleyan understanding of holiness in terms of Oduyoye's understanding of wholeness. It concludes with a constructive proposal for rethinking what holiness could or should look like given the rise of cultural context as a theological authority.
Charles Wesley and the “Peaceable Reign” of Christ
Authors: Chilcote Paul W.
Published: May 2024

One of the neglected themes in the lyrical theology of Charles Wesley is the kingdom of God, what he describes as the peaceable reign of Christ. Inspired by the biblical witness, Wesley's vision revolves around the concepts of reconciliation; the reign in the heart; and righteousness, joy, peace, justice, and compassion as the constitutive elements of an already-but-not-yet reality.
Barrier Function-Based Integral Sliding Mode Controller Design for a Single-Link Rotary Flexible Joint Robot
Authors: Mohammad Ahmed Mohsen , AL-Samarraie Shibly Ahmed , Jaber Alaa Abdulhady
Published: May 2024

This paper proposes and evaluates a novel control approach for trajectory tracking, stability enhancement, and vibration reduction of a flexible joint robot (FJR). The FJR is a 2-degree-of-freedom underactuated nonlinear system that is challenging to control due to vibration, underactuation, uncertainties, and external disturbances. The control objectives are high trajectory tracking performance together with suppressing vibration. The proposed control approach uses integral sliding mode control (ISMC) combined with a barrier function based on back-stepping. This ensures robust and smooth performance by eliminating the reaching phase where sliding mode control (SMC) is typically not robust. Robustness is thus guaranteed from the start. The FJR is modeled as a 4th-order system using Lagrangian mechanics and decomposed into two 2nd-order subsystems for control design. Sliding variables are defined for each subsystem. Using these variables, the proposed control achieves robust trajectory tracking, stability, and vibration reduction. Numerical simulations in MATLAB validate the superior performance of the proposed ISMC-barrier function control compared to conventional ISMC for the FJR. This novel control approach addresses the challenges of controlling this FJR.
Obezite Araştırmaları İçin İn Vitro Adiposit Hücre Kültürü İle Etkili Model Oluşturma: Ön Çalışma
Authors: Çil Ezgi Nur , Soysal Yasemin
Published: May 2024

Amaç: 3T3-L1 preadipositlerin farklılaşma etkinliği obezite, diyabet ve ilgili bozukluklarla ilişkili hücresel mekanizmalar üzerine yapılan
çalışmaları etkileyen önemli bir faktördür. 3T3-L1 hücrelerinin farklılaşması genellikle insülin, deksametazon (DEX) ve 3-izobütil-
1-metilksantin (IBMX) içeren bir adipojenik kokteyl ile indüklenmektedir. 3T3-L1 hücreleri çoğaltılırken dikkat edilmesi gereken
önemli noktalar içeren bir sürece sahip hassas bir hücre grubu olup ilerleyen pasajlarda farklılaşma yeteneğini kaybedebilmektedir. Bu
sorunu çözmek için, çalışmamızın amacı doğrultusunda, yaygın olarak kullanılan üç farklı adipojenik kokteylin farklılaşma verimliliği
karşılaştırılmıştır. Bununla birlikte, birtakım parametreler değiştirilerek 3T3-L1 hücrelerinin farklılaşma yetenekleri test edilmiştir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamızda 3T3-L1 hücre kültürü, fibroblast hücrelerin olgun adiposit hücrelere farklılaştırılması, Oil Red O
boyama ile lipitlerin mikroskop altında gösterilmesi ve kantitatif analiz için boyanın spektrofotometrik ölçümü yöntemleri kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Deney sonuçları, 0,5 mM IBMX, 0,25 μM DEX ve 1 μg/mL insülin içeren adipogenik kokteylin 3T3-L1 hücre farklılaşması
için en etkili kokteyl olduğunu (p
Structures and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Abilities of some Derivatives Bearing (Pyridin-2-yl)tetrazole Scaffold
Authors: Nhung Bui Thi Hong , Long Le Thien Bao , Hung Nguyen Viet , Tiep Nguyen Khac , Hoang Dang Thai , Hoang Do Huy , Thao Tran Phuong
Published: May 2024

Tetrazole derivatives are a prominent class of heterocycles that hold significant value in medicinal chemistry and drug design. Their importance stems from their bioisosteric resemblance to carboxylic acid and amide moieties and their favorable metabolic stability and other beneficial physicochemical properties. In light of this, novel derivatives bearing the (pyridine-2-yl)tetrazol scaffold were synthesized with the presence of acid, ester and amide moieties and evaluated for their inhibitory effects on the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Through a three-step synthesis reaction initiated with 2-pyridine carbonitrile, compound IV was successfully obtained with II and III as the intermediates. All substances II - III - IV demonstrated inhibitory activity against the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Notably, substance IV exhibited the highest percentage of inhibition, achieving 23,7 % at a concentration of 75 µM. Based on molecular docking simulations, compounds containing stronger nucleophilic substituents exhibit more robust AChE enzyme inhibitory activity due to a greater abundance of hydrogen bonds. This drug-likeness simulation and ADME prediction highlight the potential of tetrazole derivatives as a promising treatment for Alzheimer's disease.
الفاظ الجرح والتعديل عند الإمام أبي زرعة الدمشقي جمع ودراسة
Authors: عبدالله العبيدي وسناء يونس
Published: May 2024

حمل هذا البحث عنوان( الفاظ الجرح والتعديل عند الإمام أبي زرعة الدمشقي, جمع ودراسة) .
   ولد الإمام أبو زرعة الدمشقي – رحمه الله- في سنة ( 200هـ) وتوفي في سنة (281هـ). يُعدُ الإمام أبو زرعة الدمشقي –رحمه الله – أحد العلماء ومن رواة الحديث عند أهل السنة والجماعة, ومبينة بذلك الطريق الذي سار عليه والذي لم يختلف عن الطريق الذي سار عليه علماء الحديث من أهل الجرح والتعديل, واعتداله في الألفاظ التي ذكرها والتي تمت دراستها في هذا البحث.
   الشيخ الإمام أبو زرعة, محدث الشام, جمع وصنف, وذاكر الحفاظ, وتميز وتقدم على أقرانه, لمعرفته وعلو سنده , له معرفة عالية بأحوال الرجال جرحا وتعديلا، فهو يختصر حال الراوي بلفظة او لفظتين الى ثلاثة الفاظ, وهو من الحفاظ الثقات.
   كانت بداية أبي زرعة العلمية والفكرية تنمية علامه وشحذ فكره وتطوير قدراته وقابليته على الحفظ والسماع. والمواظبة على التحصيل العلمي حتى غدا من كبار محدثي الشام ومؤرخيها. فبعد أن زار أبو بكر الخلال دمشق ودرس على يد أبي زرعة وأخذ عنه كتابه( كتاب التاريخ) ومصنفاته الأخرى من الحديث قال عنه : ( إمام فِي زمانه رفيع القدر حافظ عالم بالحديث والرجال وصنف من حديث الشام مالم يصنفه أحد) . وكان من أئمة الحفاظ, رحل إلى البلاد وكتب الكثير حتى صار شيخ الشام وإمام وقته وكتب عنه خلائق, فهو علم حافظ ثبت.
وقد اقتضت طبيعة البحث تقسيمه على مقدمة وثلاثة مباحث وخاتمة, خصصت المبحث الأول لحياته الشخصية, وفيه خمسة مطالب, وتضمن المبحث الثاني حياته العلمية, وفيه ثلاثة مطالب, والمبحث الثالث بينت فيه الفاظ الجرح والتعديل عند الإمام أبي زرعة الدمشقي – رحمه الله – وذكرت في الخاتمة ما جاء في البحث مختصراً والنتائج التي توصلت اليها . ثم المصادر والمراجع باللغة الانكليزية.
مصطلح التوثيق عند المحدّثين بين التأصيل والتقعيد
Authors: علاوي عدي نوري
Published: May 2024

إنّ المقصود من مصطلح الثقة في مرحلة التأصيل –وهي ما قبل تقعيد ابن الصلاح لقواعد مصطلح الحديث-، لم يكن المعنى الاصطلاحي له أحيانا، ولعلّ المراد من التوثيق في هـذه العصور صلاحية الراوي للاحتجاج بحديثه، أو الاعتبار به في أقلّ أحواله، وربما أطلقه المتقدمون على من كان عدلاً في دينه، ولعلّ اختلاف النقاد فيه تبعاً لاختلاف مناهجهم بين متشدد ومتساهل ومعتدلٍ، فقلما يتفقون على توثيقٍ، أو تضعيفٍ في الراوي الواحد، وقد يراد منه المعنى الاصطلاحي الذي سار عليه الحافظان؛ الذهـبي، وابن حجر فجعلا مرتبة الثقة للعدل الضابط، وهو في مرتبة الاحتجاج المطلق، وحديثه الصحيح؛ فلا يطلق التساوي بينهما، فيُراعى النطاق الزمني الذي اسُتعمِل فيه اللفظ، والمعنى المقصود منه في حدود ذلك النطاق، وهـذا القول ينطبق على بعض ألفاظ الجرح والتعديل التي تختلف دلالتهـا بين مرحلتي التأصيل والتقعيد.
التناص في معارضة البارودي لأبي فراس الحمداني
Authors: يونس سعود أحمد , المشهداني فائزة محمد
Published: May 2024

تنطلق هذه المعالجة من خلال ثلاث قضايا نقدية هي : التناص، فن الاستهلال، المعارضة. ولسنا هنا بصدد متابعة النشأة الأولى لهذه المصطلحات، ولا كيفية تطورها، إنما هدفنا سينصب على دراسة النصين لاستجلاء جوانب الإبداع فيهما عبر التناص والمعارضة، ومن خلال براعة الاستهلال لدى الشاعرين.  
عارض البارودي عدداً من الشعراء العرب، إلا أن معارضته لأبي فراس الحمداني تكتسب أهمية خاصة تتعدى تأثر البارودي بهذه القصيدة وتفاعله معها إلى تلاقي الشاعرين في جوانب مهمة على الصعيد الشخصي، وعلى صعيد الأحداث التي واجهت كلا منهما. لقد كان كلا الشاعرين أميرا وفارسا وشاعرا، كما أن الاثنين قد تعرض الأسر والنفي والغربة. فضلا عن ذلك يتخذ مطلع كل من القصيدتين أهمية مميزة عن الأبيات الأخرى للقصيدة.
عقوبة النفي السياسي وأسبابه في العهد البويهي (334-447ه/945– 1055م)
Authors: عبد الجبوري علي حميد
Published: May 2024

اتخذ البويهيون عقوبة النفي لعقاب وتأديب وإبعاد الخارجين عليهم, وطالت هذه العقوبة الكثير من الامراء البويهيين وقادة الجيش وغيرهم من رجال الدين, وجاء اعلان هؤلاء القادة تمردهم وعصيانهم على سلطة الامير البويهي, بسبب اتباعه سياسة التمييز والانحياز الى صف الاتراك, محاولين اقصاء الجند الديلمي وأمرائهم من جهة, ومن جهة اخرة كان لطمع بعض القادة في انتزاع الامارة منه لصالحهم, مستغلين مراكزهم العسكرية, لان جميع الجند كانوا تحت إمرتهم, اما سبب اتخاذ هذه العقوبة لما لها الاثر في النفس بإبعاد المنفي عن اهله وبلده وعزله عن مؤيديه وأنصاره وإذلاله, وتأمين جانبهم من العودة الى العصيان مرة ثانية.
انعكاسات جائحة كورونا وأثرها على طلبة المرحلة الابتدائية في محافظة صلاح الدين من وجهة نظر المعلمين
Authors: احمد الجبوري ناظم خلف
Published: May 2024

رمى هذا البحث إلى التعرف على انعكاسات جائحة كورونا وأثرها على طلبة المرحلة الابتدائية من وجهة نظر المعلمين، ولإنجاز أهداف البحث استعمل الباحث مقياس ليكرت الخماسي، وطور الباحث استبيان مكونة من أربع مجالات هي (النفسي، السلوكي، الصحي والأكاديمي) وتكون الاستبيان من (36) فقرة، وقام الباحث بتوزيعها على عينة البحث المكونة من (200) معلم ومعلمة ن معلمي المدارس الابتدائية في محافظة صلاح الدين \ قسم تربية الضلوعية، وقد تبين من  نتائج البحث أن أثر انعكاسات جائحة كورونا على الطلبة في محافظة صلاح الدين \قسم تربية الضلوعية جاءت في المرتبة الأولى للمجال السلوكي بأعلى متوسط حسابي بلغ ( 3.45) بينما جاء المجال الأكاديمي في المرتبة الأخيرة والمتوسط الحسابي بلغ (3.01) كما أن النتائج بينت وجود فروق إحصائية  (α=0.05) بين تقديرات أفراد عينة البحث  لمتغير الجنس وذلك لصالح الذكور، وعدم وجود فروق إحصائية في تقديرات أفراد عينة البحث  على أثر انعكاسات جائحة كورونا على الطلبة في محافظة صلاح الدين \قسم تربية الضلوعية، تبعا لمتغيرات المرحلة التعليمية عند الطلبة.
مستوى التفكير التحليليِّ لدى طلَّاب الصف الرابع العلمي وعلاقته بتحصيلهم في مادَّة الرياضيات
Authors: محمد أمين الحبَّــار عبدالواحد لقمان
Published: May 2024

يهدف البحث الحالي التعرُّف مستوى التفكير التحليليِّ لدى طلَّاب الصف الرابع العلمي وعلاقته بتحصيلهم في مادَّة الرياضيات,  وتكوّنت عيِّنة البحث من (178) طالباً من طلَّاب الصف الرابع العلمي للعام الدراسي (2022-2023م)، تمَّ اختيارهم عشوائيَّاً من طلَّاب إعدادية الصدِّيق للبنين في مدينة الموصل، ولتحقيق هدف البحث أعدَّ الباحث اختبارين: الأوَّل: اختبار التفكير التحليليِّ تكوَّن بصيغته النهائية من (20) فقرة ثلاثية البدائل, والثاني: اختبار تحصيليِّ تكوَّن من (10) فقرات شبه مقاليَّة, وبعد تحقّــق الباحث من صدقهما وثباتهما, طـبّق الاختبارين على أفراد عيِّنة البحث, وبعد جمع البيانات وتحليلها إحصائيَّاً توصَّل إلى النتائج الاتية:

مستوى التفكير التحليليِّ لدى طلَّاب الصف الرابع العلميِّ فوق المتوسِّط الفرضيِّ.
مستوى تحصيل مادَّة الرياضيات لدى طلَّاب الصف الرابع العلمي فوق المتوسِّط الفرضيِّ.
وجود فرقٍ دالٍّ إحصائياً في كلٍّ من التفكير التحليلي وتحصيل مادَّة الرياضيات لدى أفراد عينة البحث بين المتوسِّط المتحقِّـــق والمتوسِّط الفرضيِّ ولصالح المتوسِّط المتحقق.
توجد علاقةٌ ارتباطيةٌ موجبةٌ ودالَّةٌ إحصائياً بين التفكير التحليليِّ وتحصيل مادَّة الرياضيات.

   وفي ضوء نتائج البحث خرج الباحث بعدد من التوصيات منها: توجيه مدرِّسي مادَّة الرياضيات في المرحلة الإعداديَّة إلى اعتماد الأساليب والطرائق التدريسية الحديثة التي تنمِّي التفكير بصورة عامَّة, والتفكير التحليليِّ بصورة خاصَّةٍ؛ لرفع مستواهم التحصيليِّ, والذي سينعكس على رفع مستواهم في باقي الموادِّ العلميَّة, واستكمالاً للبحث الحالي وضع الباحث مقترحاتٍ لبحوثٍ مستقبليَّةٍ.
جمالية التكرار في النص البصري التشكيلي
Authors: علي أسامة عدنان
Published: May 2024

أن للتكرار أهمية كبيرة في العمل الفني لأنه يضفي نوعاً من الحركة والجمالية دون الرتابة فضلاً عن أهميته في نقل خطاب الفنان للمتلقي . يعد التكرار أحد الأسس الرئيسة ليس في الفن العربي والاسلامي فحسب، بل في الفن العالمي ككل. فتحددت مشكلة البحث بالتساؤل التالي : ما جمالية التكرار في النص البصري التشكيلي؟ كما تضمن الفصل الأول هدف البحث : تعرفّ جمالية التكرار في النص البصري التشكيلي. أما حدود البحث, فقد اقتصرت على دراسة جمالية التكرار معرفيا وجماليا وتطبيقاته من خلال تحليل نماذج مصورة للوحات فنية ممثلة لتيار الرسم الأوربي الحديث للفترة من (1915-1943م). أما الفصل الثاني فقد تضمن الإطار النظري الذي احتوى على ثلاث مباحث تناول الأول الرؤية الجمالية في الفكر والفن. وتناول الثاني جمالية التكرار الشكلي في النص البصري، اما الثالث فقد تناول التكرار والايقاع في النص البصري. واحتوى الفصل الثالث على إجراءات البحث التي تضمنت مجتمع البحث وعينته وطريقة البحث, ومن ثم تحليل العينة التي بلغت (3) نماذج.
وتضمن الفصل الرابع النتائج التي توصل إليها الباحث ومنها: أفضت الأشكال المتكررة ووحدتها البصرية في فتح منافذ الجمالية وتميزها في الجذب البصري واحداث المتعة في النص البصري. أما أهم الاستنتاجات التي توصل اليها الباحث فمنها التنوع في مستوى الأعمال الفنية جاء لتحقيق أهدافاً جمالية فضلاً عن الأهداف الاجتماعية. فيما انتهى البحث بعدد من التوصيات والمقترحات فضلا عن قائمة المصادر والملاحق.
Signs of the influence of the ancient Mari culture on the area of residence of the ancient Sami
Authors: Travin Ilia Aleksandrovich
Published: May 2024

The subject of the study is the cultural influence of the ancient Aryan population on the area of residence of the ancient Sami population. The coinciding time frames of these populations' residence in the region provide a theoretical opportunity to consider the influence of their cultures on each other. The residence of the ancient Sami should have taken place with the development of the formation of culture, which has entered into modern Sami culture, and it is quite interesting to consider the possible process of borrowing cultural elements. From the point of view of the theory of cultural penetration, the task is to substantiate the possibility of the presence of individual elements in the culture of the ancient Sami, the influence of the culture of the ancient Mari. It is necessary to briefly consider the possible ways of movement of the ancestors of modern Sami, the possibility of meeting them with the ancient Mari. It is necessary to consider both the moments of borrowing in decorative and applied art, as well as in mythology and in the formation of the pantheon of gods. The method of carrying out the work is a scientific analysis of cultural data that allows us to trace the possible path of transmission of elements of culture, mythology and decorative and applied art. The novelty of scientific research consists in obtaining results that make it possible to understand the history of the emergence and formation in the culture of the ancient Sami of some iconic elements that have reached the present time through cultural continuity. The history of Sami culture is divided into three long stages. The period of the emergence of the headdress of a Sami married woman and its special form in the Sami culture is considered, and this period is attributed to the time preceding the relationship between the ancient Mari and the ancient Sami. The period of cultural exchange and cultural penetration between the ancient Mari and the ancient Sami includes the formation of a graphic symbol in the culture of the ancient Sami to express the image of a reindeer, the formation of a mythological character of a deer Man, an ancestor, and his name. The assumption of the influence of the religion of the ancient Mari, or rather, the worship of the god Yumo, on the religious culture of the ancient Sami is considered. As proof of the residence of the ancient Mari near the area of residence of the ancient Sami, an analysis is given of the possible origin of the name of the Kostroma River associated with the deity of the sacred grove in the Mari culture. The conclusion of the scientific work consists in a comprehensive analysis of the results and the development of a judgment on the possibility of the influence of the culture of the ancient Mari on the culture of the ancient Sami.
The synergy of skin and science – A comprehensive review of artificial intelligence’s impact on dermatology
Authors: Joseph Jijo , Lalchand Thejalakshmi Chettyparambil
Published: May 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an omnipresent area in modern culture. Every industry in the world has been greatly impacted by the development of technology, which has improved people’s quality of life. With the advent of AI, even 10 years old can now use smartphones to conquer the world by simplifying complex jobs. AI has made a substantial contribution to the health-care industry as well, sparking debates about whether robots may or may not eventually replace doctors in the medical field. Interestingly, AI additionally has made important advances in the field of dermatology. Through its discovery of applications that can predict a person’s skin type and the products they should use to achieve “perfect skin,” AI has greatly targeted its audience in the esthetics space, where people are most concerned with the health of their bodies and hair. AI has also developed strong relationships with these people and provided excellent advice for skin-related concerns. However, the question of whether individuals are mistreating their skin or relying too much on AI to address their skin troubles remains. Certain applications use the beauty calculator based on face symmetry, which can have a drastic impact on one’s self-confidence. These commercials may also instill false hope, and they may even be an advertising strategy used by the gods of the metaverse. Applications that give predictions regarding skin health can also create a state of anxiety in people who use them. This article examines whether AI has had a discernible effect on skin health, how it may influence cosmetic dermatology in the future, how accurate AI is in diagnosing conditions and recommending treatments, and whether we should rely on AI in the future for dermatological issues.
INCIDENCIA DE LOS SISTEMAS DE CONTROL CONTABLE EN LA GESTION ADMINISTRATIVA DE LAS EMPRESAS PRIVADAS EN LA PROVINCIA DE SANTA ELENA AÑO 2014
Authors: Bricio Karina , Caamaño Carol
Published: May 2024

La presente investigaciones tiene como objetivo evaluar la incidencia de los  sistemas de control contable en la gestion administrativa de las emoresas privadas en la provincia de Santa Elena, el proyecto está enmarcado dentro del área de gestion administrativa, comunicación organizacional, control contable, informes financieros, control de registros contables, entre otros, se han venido desarrollando desde hace años los procesos administrativos de una manera manual y se han implementadi sistemas de control financieras, sin embargo en las empresas ecuatorianas la contabilidad se ha convertido en  una tecnica que se ocupa de registrar, clasificar y resumir las operaciones mercantiles de un negocio con el fin de interpretar sus resultados. Por consiguiente los gerentes o directores através de la contabilidad podrán orientarse sobre el curso que siguen sus negocios mediante sistemas o software contable. Los resultados podrán orientarse sobre el curso que siguen sus negocios y conocer las estabilidad y solvencia de la compañia, la corriente de cobros y pagos, las  tendencias de las ventas, costos y gastos  generales, con la técnica de observacion y mediantes entrevistas se determinó que en muchas empresas de provincia no hay sistemas de controles contables, el cual no manejan de forma eficiente los procesos contables ni administrativos, tambien se observó que se utilizó para el analisis correspondiente fue de tipo cuantitativo el cual se realizó encuestas a las personas que trabajan en las areas  administrativas de las empresas de la provincia, entre los resultados encontrados se mecniona lo siguiente: los  sistemas de control contable que utilizan actualmente las empresas son, el sistema Mónica, sistema Sagitario, el sistema Siscom,mennioaron tambien que la falta de sistemas de control contable retrasa la gestion administrativa de le empresa, necesitan cursos de capacitaciones y actualizaciones en temas de tributacion, sistemas Sat, sistemas de control de inventarios y finalmente mecionarion que con la implementacion de un sistemas de control contable mejoraria las gestion administrativa en la empresas de la provincia.
EKSPLORASI ETNOMATEMATIKA BATIK MLATIHARJAN DEMAK TERHADAP KONSEP MATEMATIKA GEOMETRI BANGUN DATAR SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Aini Ida Nur , Wulandari Sri , Zuliana Eka
Published: May 2024

Mathematics with cultural nuances is often found in batik. Batik Mlatiharjan is a center for making Demak typical batik which is located in the village of Mlatiharjo, Gajah District, Demak Regency. There are two types of Mlatiharjan batik, namely written batik and stamped batik. Mlatiharjan batik has become part of Demak culture. Researchers can relate the Mlatiharjan batik with the geometric concept of a flat shape. This study used an exploratory qualitative descriptive ethnographic methodology. The ethnomathematics elements in the various motifs of Mlatiharjan batik are the objects of this research. Mrs. Kusmidarmini, the owner of a batik center, is a cultural expert as the subject of this study. Exploration, observation, interviews, and documentation are part of the data collection method. The aim of the Mlatiharjan batik research is to determine the mathematical and philosophical values of the Mlatiharjan batik motifs. The results of this study indicate that each motif has a philosophical meaning and a geometric geometric concept. The motifs include the Guava Flower Motif, Sidomukti Mosque Bledeg, Champa Plate, Demak Great Mosque, Red Guava, Guava Tree, Belimbing Guava, Fish Coral, Demak Crown, and Sidomukti Jambu Bulus Motif. Mathematical concepts that have been found in the variety of batik motifs from Demak, namely geometric shapes such as circles, squares, rectangles, triangles, rhombuses, and trapezoids. In addition, the Mlatiharjan Batik motifs also contain philosophical values related to the life of the Demak people.Matematika yang bernuansa budaya sering ditemukan pada batik. Batik Mlatiharjan merupakan sentra pembuatan batik khas Demak terletak di Desa Mlatiharjo, Kecamatan Gajah, Kabupaten Demak. Terdapat dua jenis batik Mlatiharjan, yaitu batik tulis dan batik cap. Batik mlatiharjan sudah menjadi bagian dari budaya Demak. Peneliti dapat mengaitkan batik Mlatiharjan dengan konsep geometri bangun datar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi etnografi deskriptif kualitatif bersifat eksplorasi. Unsur-unsur etnomatematika dalam ragam motif batik mlatiharjan adalah objek penelitian ini. Ibu Kusmidarmini, pemilik sentra batik, adalah subjek penelitian ini. Ekplorasi, observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi merupakan bagian dari metode pengumpulan data. Tujuan studi batik mlatiharjan untuk mengetahui nilai matematis dan filosofis pada motif batik mlatiharjan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa setiap motif memiliki makna filosofis dan konsep matematis geometri bangun datar. Motif-motif seperti Motif Bunga Jambu, Bledeg Masjid Sidomukti, Piring Champa, Masjid Agung Demak, Jambu Merah, Pohon Jambu, Jambu Belimbing, Karang Ikan, Mahkota Demak, dan Motif Sidomukti Jambu Bulus. Geometri termasuk konsep struktur datar seperti lingkaran, persegi panjang, segitiga, belah ketupat, dan trapesium dalam berbagai macam motif batik dari mlatiharjan demak.