bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aptamers: A prospective tool for infectious diseases diagnosis
Authors: Chen Jiayi , Zhou Jiahuan , Peng Yunchi , Xie Yafeng , Xiao Yongjian
Published: October 2022

It is well known that people's health is seriously threatened by various pathogens (such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Treponema pallidum, Novel coronavirus, HIV, Mucor, etc.), which leads to heavy socioeconomic burdens. Therefore, early and accurate pathogen diagnosis is essential for timely and effective therapies. Up to now, diagnosing human contagious diseases at molecule and nano levels is remarkably difficult owing to insufficient valid probes when it comes to determining the biological markers of pathogens. Aptamers are a set of high‐specificity and high‐sensitivity plastic oligonucleotides screened in vitro via the selective expansion of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). With the advent of aptamer‐based technologies, their merits have aroused mounting academic interest. In recent years, as new detection and treatment tools, nucleic acid aptamers have been extensively utilized in the field of biomedicine, such as pathogen detection, new drug development, clinical diagnosis, nanotechnology, etc. However, the traditional SELEX method is cumbersome and has a long screening cycle, and it takes several months to screen out aptamers with high specificity. With the persistent development of SELEX‐based aptamer screening technologies, the application scenarios of aptamers have become more and more extensive. The present research briefly reviews the research progress of nucleic acid aptamers in the field of biomedicine, especially in the diagnosis of contagious diseases.
Observational study of antibody levels after second and third SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccinations in medical workers
Authors: Liu Qing , Zhou Wenyan , Jiang Wencan , Jia Xingwang
Published: October 2022

Background

Countries around the world are actively promoting vaccination against COVID‐19. We observed the changes in serum neutralizing antibody titers in medical workers vaccinated with inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine, in order to explore the necessity of a third dose of vaccination.

Methods

A total of 62 medical workers in our hospital were observed. Novel coronavirus neutralizing antibody titers in serum were detected by ELISA (enzyme‐linked immunoassay). Neutralizing antibody tests followed in four batches according to the different time periods after three vaccinations. Sixty‐two observers participated in the first batch of testing for neutralizing antibody, and 18 of them participated in all four batches. Fasting venous blood was taken from all the participants in the morning to detect serum neutralizing antibody titers.

Results

Sixty‐two medical workers were divided into age groups of 21–30, 31–40, and >40 years, and the antibody titer in the oldest group was significantly lower than that in youngest group (p = 0.0137). There was a gradual decrease in antibody titers over time at around 1, 3, and 6 months after the second dose of vaccine (p < 0.0001). The antibody positive rate also decreased gradually (p = 0.0003). The neutralizing antibody titer around 1 month after the third dose was significantly increased (p < 0.0001). Unexpectedly, three participants with negative neutralizing antibody after the first and second dose produced neutralizing antibody with a measurable titer after the third dose.

Conclusions

The neutralizing antibody titer in serum increased significantly after the third dose of vaccine. A third immunization even produced neutralizing antibody in previously negative individuals.
Predictors of college women's disclosure of sexual assault prior to and during college
Authors: Orchowski Lindsay M. , Bhuptani Prachi H.
Published: October 2022

Talking to others about experiences of sexual assault can facilitate recovery. The present study explored associations between assault characteristics, attitudes, coping strategies, social support, and the college women's disclosure of adolescent sexual victimization (N = 134), as well as sexual victimization over a 7‐month interim during college (N = 67). A sample of first‐year college women completed pencil and paper assessments of sexual victimization, assault characteristics, tendency to disclose, self‐concealment, attributions of blame, likelihood to report sexual victimization, social support., and coping strategies. A series of bivariate and multivariate analyses examined predictors of sexual assault disclosure. Whereas acknowledgment of the sexual assault as victimization predicted disclosure of adolescent sexual assault, less acquaintance with the perpetrator and strong social attachments predicted disclosure of sexual assault occurring during women's first year of college. Data suggest that the factors that influence disclosure of sexual assault may vary across periods of adolescent and young adult development.
A dual‐path psychosocial model of social determinants of health in the community: Results from the Cause Commune program
Authors: Lampropoulos Dimitrios , Spini Dario , Li Yang , Anex Emmanuelle
Published: October 2022

We tested a dual‐path psychosocial framework of social vulnerability that considers the impact of socioeconomic resources and cognitive social capital on health, and whether they were mediated by an enabling psychosocial path (collective efficacy) and a disabling path (loneliness). A total of 1401 people (53.6% female, Mage = 48.7, SD = 18.1) from a community in Switzerland participated in the study. Structural equation models showed that psychosocial factors were related to both social determinants and health outcomes and partially mediated their interrelation. Our model showed an adequate fit to the data (χ2 = 1,377.56, df = 341, p = 0.000, comparative fit index = 0.93, root mean square error of approximation = 0.05, standardized root mean‐squared residual = 0.05). The findings highlight the role of psychosocial‐relational factors in the processes of social vulnerability and would be of interest to researchers working on social vulnerability in the community.
The World Health Organization's work and recommendations for improving the health of trans and gender diverse people
Authors: Macdonald Virginia , Verster Annette , Mello Maeve B. , Blondeel Karel , Amin Avni , Luhmann Niklas , Baggaley Rachel , Doherty Meg
Published: October 2022

Introduction

The World Health Organization (WHO) is guided by its global programme of work and the goal that a billion more people have universal health coverage (UHC). To achieve UHC, access for those most vulnerable must be guaranteed and prioritized. WHO is committed to developing evidence‐based guidance to work towards UHC for trans and gender diverse (TGD) people. This commentary describes WHO's work related to TGD people over the last decade.

Discussion

In 2011, WHO developed guidelines for the prevention and treatment of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in men who have sex with men and TGD people. In 2013, the “HIV civil society reference group” called on WHO to provide specific guidance for TGD people. Values and preferences of TGD people were considered by WHO for the first time, which informed the development of the 2014 WHO Consolidated Guidelines on HIV Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment and Care for Key Populations. The 2014 Guidelines included a comprehensive package of HIV‐related health and enabling interventions with specific considerations for TGD people, as well as a specific policy brief in 2015. Regional WHO offices developed and/or supported the development of blueprints on transgender health and HIV in 2014 and 2016. A 2015 WHO report on sexual health, human rights and the law elucidated the harmful impacts of discriminatory laws on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity. In 2019, the 11th edition of the international classification of diseases saw the removal of “transsexualism” as a mental and behavioural disorder. WHO's first guideline on self‐care interventions, updated in 2021, included key considerations concerning TGD people. In 2022, WHO's updated key populations guidelines include a prioritized package of not just HIV, but also viral hepatitis and STI health interventions for TGD people. Still, a broader and more specific health approach and a greater focus on social issues are needed to better serve the health needs of TGD people.

Conclusions

WHO's understanding and commitment to TGD people's health has evolved and improved over the past decade. Together with professional and community trans health organizations, WHO should now start developing evidence‐informed global guidance on TGD health as part of its remit to support UHC to all.
Spike protein mediated membrane fusion during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Li Xinyu , Yuan Huijun , Li Xiaozhen , Wang Hongliang
Published: October 2022

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has posed a serious threat to public health and has quickly become a global concern. The infection of SARS‐CoV‐2 begins with the binding of its spike protein to the receptor‐angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which, after a series of conformation changes, results in the fusion of viral‐cell membranes and the release of the viral RNA genome into the cytoplasm. In addition, infected host cells can express spike protein on their cell surface, which will interact with ACE2 on neighboring cells, leading to cell membrane fusion and the formation of multinucleated cells or syncytia. Both viral entry and syncytia formation are mediated by spike‐ACE2 interaction and share some common mechanisms of membrane fusion. Here in this review, we will summarize our current understanding of spike‐mediated membrane fusion, which may shed light on future broad‐spectrum antiviral development.
Application ofX‐parametermodel of gallium nitride device for a continuous broadband Doherty power amplifier design
Authors: Wu Meilin , Crupi Giovanni , Yu Chao , Cai Jialin
Published: October 2022

The design of a continuous broadband Doherty power amplifier (DPA) based on an X‐parameter model is presented in this work. The broadband load‐pull X‐parameter model is extracted at both the package plane and current generate plane of the device under test. The model cannot only predict the fundamental and harmonic nonlinear behavioral accurately, but also find the optimal output power and drain efficiency (DE) region of the Smith chart precisely, thereby assisting DPA design. A 10‐W gallium nitride packaged transistor from Wolfspeed is utilized in this design. The fabricated DPA reached a saturation output power of 44.3 dBm, with a saturation DE over 68% and a 6 dB output power back‐off efficiency over 51% in the frequency range of 1.1–1.8 GHz, verifying experimentally the effectiveness of the proposed design methodology.
High‐resolution reference evapotranspiration for arid Egypt: Comparative analysis and evaluation of empirical and artificial intelligence models
Authors: Sobh Mohamed Tarek , Nashwan Mohamed Salem , Amer Nabil
Published: October 2022

Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration has crucial importance in arid regions like Egypt, which suffers from the scarcity of precipitation and water shortages. This study provides an investigation of the performance of 31 widely used empirical equations and 20 models developed using five artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to estimate reference evapotranspiration (ET0) to generate gridded high‐resolution daily ET0 estimates over Egypt. The AI algorithms include support vector machine‐radial basis function (SVM‐RBF), random forest (RF), group method of data handling neural network (GMDH‐NN), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), and dynamic evolving neural fuzzy interference system (DENFIS). Daily observations records of 41 stations distributed over Egypt were used to calculate ET0 using FAO56 Penman–Monteith equation as a reference estimate. The multiparameter Kling‐Gupta efficiency (KGE) metric was used as an evaluation metric for its robustness in representing different statistical error/agreement characteristics in a single value. By category, the empirical equations based on radiation performed better in replicating FAO56‐PM followed by temperature‐ and mass‐transfer‐based ones. Ritchie equation was found to be the best overall in Egypt (median KGE 0.76) followed by Caprio (median KGE 0.64), and Penman (median KGE 0.52) equations based on station‐wise ranking. On the other hand, the RF model, having maximum and minimum temperatures, wind speed, and relative humidity as predictors, outperformed other AI algorithms. Overall, the RF model performed the best among all the AI models and empirical equations. The generated 0.10° × 0.10° daily estimates of ET0 enabled the detection of a significant increase of 0.12–0.16 mm·decade−1 in the agricultural‐dependent Nile Delta using the modified Mann–Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator.
Volcanic ash as multi‐nutrient mineral fertilizer: Science and early applications
Authors: Ciriminna Rosaria , Scurria Antonino , Tizza Giuseppe , Pagliaro Mario
Published: October 2022

Volcanic ash is a multi‐nutrient mineral fertilizer whose catalytic mechanism of action, replenishing trace metals are necessary for soil bacterial enzymes for the efficient biogeochemical cycling of key elements, such as N, C, P, and S, ensures use of relatively small amounts to fertilize large soil surfaces. Chiefly demonstrated in the course of the 2010 s in Russia's Kamchatka and in Indonesia, two world's areas hosting highly active volcanoes, these findings remain poorly known. Fulfilling the principles of the emerging circular economy, the large‐scale use of readily available and overabundant tephra as agricultural fertilizer is a significant economic opportunity for both farmers and populations living near active volcanoes, affording also important environmental advantages. Providing a unified picture, this study will hopefully accelerate such progress.
Quantifying households' vulnerability, regional environmental indicators, and climate change mitigation by using a combination of vulnerability frameworks
Authors: Fahad Shah , Su Fang , Wei Kailei
Published: October 2022

Many susceptible regions face significant climatic threats. This study proposes an extended framework by linking the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Vulnerability Framework and Sustainable Livelihood Framework to assess the impacts of ecological indicators, household vulnerability, and climate change mitigation. A major ecological region of northwestern Pakistan with diverse geographical and climatic conditions was selected. In total, 24 adjacent rural communes were randomly selected, and 300 farm households were face‐to‐face interviewed based on a pretested questionnaire. The study findings reveal that the Charsadda District is more vulnerable to climate change, having the highest exposure level compared to the Mardan District and the district of Nowshera. Our findings also show that there are small differences in adaptive capacity, sensitivity, and adaptation measures, and sensitivity sources are relatively distinctive among these three districts, which directly and indirectly influence the perception of farmers. Based on the sensitivity analysis, the sensitivity of the Mardan District is the highest in terms of crop and livestock diseases, while the highest sensitivity in terms of water is assumed in the Charsadda District. In terms of adaptive capacity, the advantages and disadvantages varied greatly between the three targeted study districts; specifically, Nowshera had equitable adaptive capacity, Mardan leaned entirely on capital sources, and Charsadda depended solely on advantages in education level. Diverse efforts to address the risks of climate change should be proposed aptly by considering the climatic, socioeconomic, and geographical characteristics of each district.
Integrated analyses of brain and platelet omics reveal their common altered and driven molecules in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Yu Haitao , Li Mengzhu , Pan Qihang , Liu Yanchao , Zhang Yao , He Ting , Yang Huisheng , Xiao Yue , Weng Ying , Gao Yang , Ke Dan , Chai Gaoshang , Wang Jian‐Zhi
Published: October 2022

Platelets may serve as a perfect peripheral source for exploring diagnostic biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the molecular linkage between platelet and the brain is missing. To find the common altered and driving molecules in both brain and the platelet, we performed an integrated analysis of our platelet omics and brain omics reported in the literature, and analyzed their correlations with AD‐specific pathology and cognitive impairment. By integrating the gene and protein expression profiles from 269 AD patients, we deduced 239 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) appeared in both brain and the platelet, and 70.3% of them had consistent changes. Further analysis demonstrated that the altered brain and peripheral regulations were pinpointed into 10 imbalanced pathways. We also found that 117 DEPs, including ADAM10, were closely associated to the AD‐specific β‐amyloid and tau pathologies; and the changes of IDH3B and RTN1 had a potential diagnostic value for cognitive impairment analyzed by machine learning. Finally, we identified that HMOX2 and SERPINA3 could serve as driving molecules in neurodegeneration, and they were increased and decreased in AD patients, respectively. Together, this integrated brain and platelet omics provides a valuable resource for establishing efficient peripheral diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for AD.
Scalable detection of technically challenging variants through modified next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Rojahn Susan , Hambuch Tina , Adrian Jessika , Gafni Erik , Gileta Alex , Hatchell Hannah , Johnson Britt , Kallman Ben , Karfilis Kate , Kautzer Curtis , Kennemer Michael , Kirk Lloyd , Kvitek Daniel , Lettes Jessica , Macrae Fenner , Mendez Fernando , Paul Joshua , Pellegrino Maurizio , Preciado Ronny , Risinger Jan , Schultz Matthew , Spurka Lindsay , Swamy Sajani , Truty Rebecca , Usem Nathan , Velenich Andrea , Aradhya Swaroop
Published: October 2022

Background

Some clinically important genetic variants are not easily evaluated with next‐generation sequencing (NGS) methods due to technical challenges arising from high‐ similarity copies (e.g., PMS2, SMN1/SMN2, GBA1, HBA1/HBA2, CYP21A2), repetitive short sequences (e.g., ARX polyalanine repeats, FMR1 AGG interruptions in CGG repeats, CFTR poly‐T/TG repeats), and other complexities (e.g., MSH2 Boland inversions).

Methods

We customized our NGS processes to detect the technically challenging variants mentioned above with adaptations including target enrichment and bioinformatic masking of similar sequences. Adaptations were validated with samples of known genotypes.

Results

Our adaptations provided high‐sensitivity and high‐specificity detection for most of the variants and provided a high‐sensitivity primary assay to be followed with orthogonal disambiguation for the others. The sensitivity of the NGS adaptations was 100% for all of the technically challenging variants. Specificity was 100% for those in PMS2, GBA1, SMN1/SMN2, and HBA1/HBA2, and for the MSH2 Boland inversion; 97.8%–100% for CYP21A2 variants; and 85.7% for ARX polyalanine repeats.

Conclusions

NGS assays can detect technically challenging variants when chemistries and bioinformatics are jointly refined. The adaptations described support a scalable, cost‐effective path to identifying all clinically relevant variants within a single sample.
What do you value? Examining gendered responses to appeal letters
Authors: Hansen Ruth K. , Dula Lauren A.
Published: October 2022

This study builds on previous inductive analysis of fundraising professionals' choices in writing acquisition letters. Fundraisers often write in a way that aligns with one of two personal values, either foregrounding aspects of self‐transcendent Universalism values (an appreciation for community and the welfare of all people) or of conservation Security values (those of personal safety and stability for close others). Previous research also indicates that while women and men have different donation styles, targeted motivating language has yet to be explored. Using a national sample, this research tests public response to letters written for a fictional children's charity using content aligned with each option separately, and combined, compared to a control version. Using an experimental dictator game, Universalism values are found to be negatively related to giving across the board as compared to the valueless treatment. We find no statistically significant improvement in donor responses to acquisition appeals that choose to highlight either Universalism or Security values between men and women, although men were marginally less responsive to Universal, self‐transcendent values language. The discussion attempts to make sense of these results and the possible complications of running a donor acquisition campaign in the time of COVID‐19.
3: Invited Paper: Floating 3D light field display in the air
Authors: Sang Xinzhu , Yu Xunbo , Gao Xin
Published: October 2022

Large‐size high‐resolution floating 3D light‐field display in air remains a challenge. Here, touchable floating 3D image light‐field displays in the air are demonstrated. A novel catadioptric retroreflector (CR) floating device in the floating3D light‐field system is proposed. The floating 3D light‐field image constructed is aberration‐suppressed. The luminance and the contrast of the image are substantially improved in a 90‐degree viewing angle. A spectrophotometer is utilized to measure the retroreflective efficiency of the CR device. The average retroreflective efficiency is 80.1%. A beam quality analyzer is utilized to measure the beam spot quality, and the image quality can satisfy the requirements of human eye observation. A telecentric retroreflector (TCRR) is proposed to suppress non‐retroreflected light without sacrificing the viewing angle. A contrast transfer function is used to evaluate the optical performance of the TCRR. To improve the 3D image source, the relationship between the root mean square of the voxels and the 3D image quality is discussed, and an aspheric lens array is designed to reduce aberrations. The peak signal‐to‐noise ratio of the floating 3D image increases from the original 15 dB to 30 dB. A clear floating high definition 3D image with a floating distance of 60 cm and a viewing angle of 70° is achieved.
1.3: Active‐matrix Addressed High Brightness and Ultra‐high PPI Field‐Sequential‐Color Display based on Deformed Helix Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal for VR/AR
Authors: SUN Zhibo , WANG Sisi , YUAN Zhengnan , XIA Zhihe , LU Lei , WONG Man , KWOK Hoi-Sing , SRIVASTAVA Abhishek Kumar
Published: October 2022

Barriers exits regarding increasing brightness and pixel density for various display technologies, be it, LCD, LED and OLED. In this paper, we proposed a defect‐free high‐contrast fast (~100μ) active‐matrix addressed DHFLC with a theoretical 11500 PPI due to its nature of no fringe field effect (FFE) and high capacitance, shedding a light on the barriers. For the realization, the no‐storage‐capacitor AM‐DHFLC display device is fabricated as preliminary demo with both optimizations in the DHFLC alignment and pixel design. Innovatively, the no‐storage‐capacitor characteristic, which is impossible for NLC, not only rockets efficiency and aperture ratio from 57% to 83% with high brightness, but also reveals the potential in reducing the pixel size for higher resolution. Moreover, fast response around 100μs at 360 Hz for FSC display and no‐FFE strengthen the promising potential of DHFLC in various modern display technologies, be it VR/AR, high PPI display, micro display, and high‐resolution hologram.
4.4: Low Efficiency Attenuation and Stable Monochromaticity for Non‐polar M‐plane Micro‐light‐emitting‐diodes (Micro‐LEDs)
Authors: Liu Yibo , Feng Feng , Zhang Ke , Chan Ka-Wah , Liu Zhaojun , Kwok Hoi Sing
Published: October 2022

In this paper, the gallium nitride (GaN) free‐standing non‐polar m‐plane micro‐LEDs and polar c‐plane micro‐LEDs on patterned sapphire substrate with a 550‐nm emission light were fabricated and characterized. Compared with c‐plane micro‐LEDs suffering from strong quantum confined stark effect (QCSE), the absence of polarization effect in m‐plane devices contributed to a lower efficiency attenuation and narrower peak and color shift with elevating current density. Specifically, the peak wavelength shift for c‐plane and m‐plane micro‐LEDs was 11.81 nm and 8.12 nm respectively from 1 to 500 A/cm2, and the efficiency droop ratio was 50.2% for c‐plane and 27.2% for m‐plane devices from 0.1 to 300 A/cm2. Importantly, our m‐plane micro‐LEDs achieved a stable monochromaticity and wider color gamut under different injection current density (97.9% and 98.2% of Rec. 2020 at 1 and 500 A/cm2).
15.1: Invited Paper: High‐performance diffractive waveguide near‐eye display based on polarization volume grating
Authors: Weng Yishi , Gu Yuchen , Wang Chuang , Wei Ran , Zhang Lixuan , Zhang Yuning
Published: October 2022

With the continuous development of near‐eye AR display technology, a new diffractive waveguide solution based on polarization volume grating (PVG) has received extensive attention. Compared with other diffractive waveguide technologies, PVG waveguides show excellent potential and advantages in terms of display performance and mass production. In this paper, the basic structure and preparation process of PVG are briefly introduced. The characteristics and advantages of PVG waveguides are also analyzed. At the same time, the recent research progress and results are demonstrated.
17.1: Composite Cathode OLED Device Structure Design for Transparent Display
Authors: Li Xiaohu , Jiao Zhiqiang , Wang Lu , Yuan Guangcai , Yan Huajie , Kang Liangliang , Xu Chuanxiang , Wang Peng , Huang Qingyu
Published: October 2022

With rapid development toward transparent display, there is an urgent need for electrode with ultra‐high transparency. Here, based on IZO, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a composite cathode capable of efficient micro‐cavity effect within the emitting area and high transmittance in the non‐emitting area. We envision the composite cathode to find its applications in the next generation ultra‐high transparent display technology.
18.5: High Performance Transparent Micro‐LED Display
Authors: Chen Liqun , Chen Haijing , Wu Tianyi , Zhou Qian
Published: October 2022

We developed a 9.38‐inch transparent Micro‐LED display with 114 PPI and 70% transmittance. The prototype display shows high transmittance and high brightness through innovative pixel design layout and film layer stacking structure.
19.3: Invited Paper: For ID application using no battery IoT system
Authors: Wang QuanZhong , Bi ZhenSheng , Chen Shuo , Leng ChangLin
Published: October 2022

We develope new application, in conjunction with the Internet of things hardware and software technology, E‐Paper will be used in the use of official ID Card to research, in particular on how to use low‐resolution display of human head color processing algorithms, on NFC passive driver EPD display and on‐line storage and operation data transmission.
24.2: Study on the Mechanism of Glare in Road Traffic
Authors: Guo Yunpeng , Wang Ronghua , Yu Aolin
Published: October 2022

Glare comes from natural or artificial light that affects the driver's ability to identify obstacles in front of the road and road driving conditions, which endangers the safety and comfort of driving and causes traffic accidents. At present, the theoretical basis of glare only considers the interaction between glare sources and human eyes. The evaluation methods and prevention measures of glare mainly focus on disability glare, which cannot use to evaluate glare in road traffic. It should be relative to road traffic scenarios and driving task requirements. This paper analyzed the types and characteristics of glare sources in road traffic, the characteristics of a standard target for visual recognition, and the visual condition and driver demand in driving tasks. The mechanism of glare in road traffic was obtained by analyzing safe and comfortable driving. The interaction among glare sources, standard target, and the driver was studied. A subjective scale was proposed for the glare in road traffic. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the measurement methods and evaluation of glare in road traffic and anti‐glare in road traffic technology.
25.1: Invited Paper: Novel design and Study of NFC(Near Field Communication) Coil integrated in OLED display Panel and MFPC(Main Flexible Printed Circuit)
Authors: Wang Wei , Feng Chunnan , Li Shuo , Zhou Weifeng , Wang Dawei
Published: October 2022

In this work, we have successfully developed an integrated NFC antenna in a 1.57 inch panel. We have made NFC coils on both panel edge and MFPC and connected them through bonding process. The novel interface makes it possible for the user to interact directly with digital information through the display panel. NFC recognition on the front surface of the watch display has been achieved and reader recognition distance can be 33mm (NFC Forum Type 2 Tag). The NFC antenna integrated in a FMLOC (Flexible Multi‐Layer on Cell)‐structured panel has demonstrated premium display performance as well as high touch sensitivity of above 47.512dB SNR(signal noise ratio) for φ10 Copper rods. When the NFC is switched to the reader mode, no obvious flicker can be observed if proper time sequence is adopted. As a result, our NFC‐integrated display panel prototype has achieved high sensitivity and stable signal transmission without affecting touch performance and display quality.
26.2: Invited Paper: Computational chemistry study of an aggregation‐induced delayed fluorescence material: synthesis and properties
Authors: Ding Zhiheng , Xin Zhaorui , Guo Xin , Xu Qingqing , Dong Haotian , Cheng Jie , Zhang Yue
Published: October 2022

Three D‐A type blue‐light TADF materials with AIE characteristic have been calculated at atomic level in this paper. The design materials base on carbazole as donor groups and benzenyl‐trifluoride/ cyanobenzene as accept groups. Geometry optimization shows that low binding energy of studied molecules is favorable for synthesis and the optimized molecular structures are highly distorted. Electronic structure analysis proved strong interactions of both inter‐C‐N and C‐C bonds between molecular fragments, and the electronic reconstruction trend and bonding strength are basically consistent for the same type of atom pairs. Frontier molecular orbitals and population analysis demonstrated that HOMO and LUMO are successfully isolated to the receptor and donor. DSCN‐CAZ has the lowest energy due to lower LUMO level. Simulated UV‐Vis spectrum explores that the absorption peak of TADF molecules stand at 253nm‐335 nm and their corresponding excited states all occur pi‐pi* excitation. ESP Surface analysis finds that cyanobenzene fragments were an important factor affecting the stability of the designed TADF molecules. The geometry, electronic structure and optics properties of design materials have been revealed, providing a theoretical basis for developing blue‐light TADF materials with AIE properties.
28.3: Invited Paper: Latest Development of Soluble OLED Materials and its Application to Mid‐ to Large‐sized Panel Production
Authors: Fukushima Daisuke , Tanaka Shinya , Kakimoto Hidenobu , Yamada Takeshi
Published: October 2022

We present the latest status of high performance OLED material development based on conjugated polymer technologies. The material which shows high performance is very suitable for printed OLED panel fabrication. New materials to reduce degradation from exciton realized better device lifetime. New materials which show PL spectrum with narrow line width and suitable peak wavelength have been developed to improve efficiency by enhancing the outcoupling on top‐emission (TE) devices.
29.1: Invited Paper: The key technology of professional BD cell monitor
Authors: Diao Kai , Yu Hui , Liu Lei , Liu Jie , Shao Xibin
Published: October 2022

The main research of this paper is about professional monitor which equipped with two combined LCD panel. It especially shows high dynamic range over 1000000:1, and over 1000 nit brightness for daily use.

For its productization, we develop a set of key technologies to make a better performance, which include ghosting, color deviation, heat dissipation and temperature compensation.
29.5: Enhanced depth of field of integral imaging display using bifocal microlens array fabricated by two‐step lithography
Authors: Wang Wenwen , Zhang Yongai , Wu Chaoxing , Yan Qun , Guo Tailiang , Zhou Xiongtu
Published: October 2022

Due to the limitation of traditional microlens arrays (MLAs) in integral imaging display, the depth of field (DOF) is restricted in space and the center depth plane are difficult to extended in a large range. Here we propose a microfabrication method based on bifocal MLAs to improve DOF. The bifocal MLAs for extended DOF was fabricated by using two‐step photolithography and thermal reflow. This method allows diverse microlenses of high to low numerical aperture to achieve high spatial resolution as well as accurate depth estimation. Microlenses of different focal lengths were simultaneously deposited on a substrate by repeated photolithography with multiple photomasks with alignment mark to define micro‐posts of different thicknesses. Hexagonally packaged bifocal MLAs clearly show the DOF extended from 0.004 mm to 4.908 mm for 57.6 �m in lens diameter and their corresponding object distance ranges from 0.125 mm to 0. 165 mm. Based on the proposed scheme, this method provides potential applications in integral imaging 3D display or light field display.
32.1: Invited Paper: Ultrapure and highly efficient blue organic light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Lee Jun Yeob
Published: October 2022

The development of the ultrapure and highly efficient blue organic light‐emitting diodes is a very critical issue in the organic light‐emitting diodes. As an approach, boron‐nitrogen based multi‐resonance compounds have been developed. In this work, a new class of materials were designed and synthesized as the deep blue organic emitters for high efficiency organic light‐emitting diodes. Only carbon and nitrogen were used to design the materials to induce the multi‐resonance effect in the emitters. A deep blue color, a narrow emission spectrum and high efficiency by thermally activated delayed fluorescence were achieved using the new emitting materials.
38.2: Invited Paper: Enabling High Resolution Photopatternable Quantum Dot Downconverters
Authors: Chamberlin Danielle , Zaheer Nisa , Miranda Alexis , Schaller Richard , Etheridge Forrest S. , Talapin Dmitri , Kambe Yu
Published: October 2022

Quantum Dot downconverters can provide a scalable solution to tri‐color high‐resolution microLED and OLED displays by converting monochrome displays using photopatternable red and green QDs. Using internal measurements collected at NanoPattern Technologies, Inc. we model and discuss the practical wall plug efficiencies for downconverted InGaN blue microLED displays. In the range of 5 μm pixel sizes, using uncorrected 65 % film PLQY, the downconverted InGaN red emitter achieves a comparable external quantum efficiency compared to a direct red emitting AlInGaP when compared at practical current densities for microLED drivers.
39.2: Charge‐Transfer Exciton Manipulation Based on Hydrogen Bond of Iridium (III) Complexes for Highly Efficient Blue OLED
Authors: Wu Chengcheng , Tong Kai-Ning , Wei Guodan
Published: October 2022

Phosphorescent iridium emitters have played the significant role in the development of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). In contrast to the green‐ and red‐emitting phosphors, the design and synthesis of high‐performance blue emitters remains as a major challenge, owing to the fact that the annihilation of long‐lived triplet excited states in the emissive layer, such as triplet‐triplet annihilation (TTA) and triplet‐polaron annihilation (TPA), could lead to the occurrence of chemical bond dissociation, which eventually caused the degradation of the OLEDs. In this work, blue‐emitting vacuum‐deposited OLEDs based on these iridium complexes have been realized, in which the devices retain a high EQEmax and CE of 22.01 % and 56.54 cd A−1, respectively, and their efficiency roll‐off value around 10 % at the high luminescence level of 1000 cd m−2. To our knowledge, the max brightness value of the device is over 50000 cd m−2, which is the brightness record in the blue phosphorescent OLED range.
40.2: A Polarization‐independent Liquid Crystal Device with large Phase Retardation
Authors: Zhang Yumeng , Chen Qian , Lu Jiangang
Published: October 2022

A polarization‐independent liquid crystal (LC) device for large optical phase depth is demonstrated. Using LC layer with the twist angle of 180°, the parallel rubbing LC device shows good polarization‐independence. A phase modulator with a 180° twist LC layer and cell gap of 12um was fabricated whose polarization dependence can be lowered to 0.1% for 8.7π phase retardation at 532nm. The proposed LC phase modulator shows great potential for optical communication and imaging systems.
51.3: Invited Paper: How perovskite quantum dots are supporting the rise of mini‐LED based LCD displays
Authors: Luechinger Norman A
Published: October 2022

A color conversion film with green and red color conversion materials is needed for mini‐LED based LCD displays because the traditional approach of using phosphors on‐chip does not work for such displays due to technical limitations. Either narrow band phosphors (like B‐Sialon or KSF) or quantum dots (like CdSe or InP) are commercially used in color conversion films and the selection of these materials is mainly driven by display performance including picture quality but also battery‐life. We present and discuss the pros and cons of the different material combinations in relation to the specific display types of TV, monitors, notebooks and tablets and will show where perovskite quantum dots will make a difference. Furthermore we give an update on the development and commercialization status for our color conversion films which are based on green perovskite QDs and different red emitter materials.
54.1: Invited Paper: Highly efficient Quantum Rods LEDs for LCD backlights
Authors: Kumar Srivastava Abhishek
Published: October 2022

Efficient white LEDs with efficacy of > 200 lm/W are much desirable for lighting and displays. LCDs is the market leader with an approximate 70% market share, particularly in the medium‐ to large‐size display segment. The largest portion of power consumption for LCDs belongs to LCD backlight, accounting for 70%–80% of the total power consumption, which strongly depends on the content and resolution of display panels. [1–8] The polarizer and color filters are the two main components responsible for high‐power consumption. Although the phosphor‐based LED backlights are much more efficient than the CCFL backlight, the efficiency of display backlight LEDs varies in the range of 70–85 lm/W. A large portion of the phosphor‐based LED light is lost in color filters [1–5]. The LED efficacy further decreases at the high brightness required for outdoor applications [4]. Intensive efforts have been made to replace the phosphor with quantum dots‐based downconverters, but the efficiency and stability of these devices are still in their infancy. Quantum rods (QRs), the elongated shape nanoparticles, show superior properties such as relatively larger Stokes shifts, polarized emission, and high light out‐coupling efficiency in the solid‐state. The challenges are as follows: 1. high quantum yield of QRs in the thin solid films covering the whole visible range; 2. good in‐plane alignment of the QRs on the LEDs; and 3. high photo‐stability and low‐temperature quenching. In this talk, we will try to discuss all these challenges. We will also discuss the merits of gradient alloyed CdSe/ZnXCd1‐XS/ZnS and CdSe/CdS/ZnS core/shell/shell QRs downconverters showing high efficacy LEDs covering a wide color gamut. These QRs‐based LEDs attain the luminous efficacy (LE) of 149 lm/W (@10mA), wide color gamut (118% NTSC), which is exceedingly higher than the state‐of‐the‐art quantum dot and phosphor‐based on‐chip LED, which paves the way for the future display backlight with the efficacy of > 200 lm/W.
54.5: Novel, Liquid Crystal Formula to Overcome LTPS LCD Image Sticking Without Adjustment of Gamma Code, Optical, VHR and IS Evaluation
Authors: Tao Bocheng , Zhang Wei , Wang Fangyu , Chou Wenchieh , Huang Yapeng , Li Yanan
Published: October 2022

In this article, Novel n‐FFS liquid crystal material from Slichem was used, in order to elevate the anti‐backlight long aging effect, a trace amount of free radical trap HALS‐Like additive was added, the principle of which can be expressed via Denisov cycle, confirmed by measuring the temporal VHR changes in test cells, three different resolution (FHD ~ QHD) models paired with N19 and N21 were selected for testing, by comparing the actual panel, It is verified that the optimized material greatly improves the image sticking performance of the panel, and keep optical performance.
56.2: Invited Paper: Novel Bistable Liquid Crystal Materials for AR/VR Technology, Vehicle and Flexible Display
Authors: Lapanik Valeri , Lugovski Anatoly , Timofeev Sergei
Published: October 2022

The object of study is chiral‐nematic and smectic A liquid crystals. The aim of the work is to develop new bistable materials with improved physico‐chemical and electro‐optical properties for various applications. Chiral liquid‐crystalline compounds and compounds characterized by the presence of the smectic A phase over a wide temperature range were synthesized during the studies. The influence of the viscoelastic properties of liquid crystals, the anchoring energy of the alignment material, and the helical twisting power of chiral dopants on the memory effect in chiral‐nematic liquid crystals was investigated. In order to clarify the possible mechanism of bistability in highly twisted nematics, we performed a numerical simulation of the reorientation of liquid crystal molecules in an electric field. It was also necessary to find out which parameters of the liquid crystal material have the greatest effect on the bistability. Based on the synthesized smectic compounds, mixtures with different values of optical anisotropy and viscosity were developed. The influence of the compounds structure (bridge fragments, polar groups, alkyl chains) on mesomorphic and basic physico‐chemical characteristics was determined. Electrically and electrochemically stable ion dopants were also synthesized with a number of organic cations and organic/inorganic anions. The composition of mixtures has been optimized for long‐term operation, especially in the upper operating temperature range.
P‐1.5: Dynamic Current Stress‐Induced Instabilities of a‐InGaZnO TFTs
Authors: Liu Fayang , Zhou Yuheng , Zhou Xiaoliang , Yang Huan , Xia Zhihe , Yan Yeung Fion Sze , Wong Man , Kwok Hoi Sing , Zhang Shengdong , LU Lei
Published: October 2022

The degradation and breakdown behaviors of top‐gate self‐aligned a‐InGaZnO thin‐film transistors (TFTs) under dynamic current stresses (DCSs) were systematically investigated. Both linear‐ and saturation‐regime DCSs were found to be capable of causing the self‐heating degradations, including the negative shift of threshold voltage, the increase of subthreshold slope and drain current. While the linear DCS eventually forms a conductor‐like channel, the saturation DCS causes an additional hot carrier (HC) effect to form a defective drain regions of high energy barrier, disconnecting the �conductor channel� from the drain side.
P‐2.10: Design of a Freeform Surface Lens Based on the Optimization Target Illumination Distribution
Authors: Zhang Le , Li Ke Jing , Lv Guo Qiang , Feng Qi Bin
Published: October 2022

Illumination distribution on the target plane has a heavy effect on the design of a double freeform surface lens in a direct‐lit backlight unit. Gaussian distribution‐based design has better results than a uniform distribution. However, there exist two parameters in Gaussian distribution. This paper proposes a method to find the optimal values of μ and σ to obtain the better target plane irradiance distribution under an LED array. The simulated uniformity can be improved from 66.23% to 90.2% under the extended light source, which reduces the later optimization work and development time.
P‐3.6: Local compensation in 3D light field display
Authors: Pu Yiying , Lu Min , Jia Jia , Kang Jianghui , Chen Jingyu , Wu Yu , Tan Baolin
Published: October 2022

In this study, two local calibration method of 3D display screen is used to accurately measure and adjust the local parameter deviation in large‐size 3D display screen. They can improve the yield of 3D display screen, enhance the imaging quality of display screen and reduce crosstalk.
P‐3.12: FAAn Improved Color Restoration Method for High Dynamic Range Images
Authors: Yang Ruilin , Yan Limin
Published: October 2022

High Dynamic Range (HDR) images have entered our lives, but the HDR image may change its brightness and texture information after being compressed and layered, which makes the brightness distribution ratio of the HDR image deviate from the original image. Therefore, in order to ensure that the display effects before and after image processing are similar, it is necessary to restore the color of the image. This paper improves the traditional color restoration method based on image color appearance model. By introducing the latest CIE CAM16 color appearance model to perform color adaptation conversion on images, the problem of color appearance shift in the process of HDR image mapping is effectively improved.
P‐3.24: A Content‐adaptive Filtering Algorithm based on Dual‐cell LCDs†
Authors: Peng Xiangjun , Zhang Shuo , Shi Tiankuo , Hou Yifan , Xue Huiling , Wu Qiong , Duan Xin , Sun Wei , Dong Xue
Published: October 2022

Dual‐cell LCDs realize pixel‐level dimming by adding a layer of backlight control cell between the backlight and the display panel, which generally have ghost effect and halo effect at the junction of bright content and dark content affected the visual effect and need to be solved. The ghost effect is the part with low brightness around the bright content, there is no such part in the original image, so it looks like the shadow of the bright content in visual effect. The ghost effect is more obvious when the alignment of pixel position of dual cells is inaccurate. The halo effect is the phenomenon that the adjacent dark content brightens when the bright content is displayed. We propose a dynamic filtering algorithm to reduce the ghost effect and halo effect by making a smooth transition from bright content to dark content. Experiments on 10.25 inch dual‐cell LCD show that the algorithm has good display effect .
P‐4.4: Multifunctional Laminated Organic Passivation Layer on InSnZnO Thin‐Film Transistors for Enhanced Reliability
Authors: Lin Delang , Zhong Wei , Chen Rongsheng
Published: October 2022

To improve the stability of the ZnO‐based thin‐film transistors (TFTs) in multiple environments, we propose a new multifunctional laminated organic passivation layer (MLO PVL) structure for ITZO TFTs. This MLO PVL structure is composed of a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) and an ultraviolet (UV) absorber‐modified polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer, which provides the functionality of both passivation layers at the same time. The SAM film could be prepared by vapor‐phase treatment, while the UV‐absorber‐modified PDMS layer could be fabricated using the spin‐coating method. Thus, the MLO PVL could be manufactured through a low‐temperature and low‐cost process. Compared to the unpassivated devices, the MLO‐passivated ITZO TFTs exhibit better properties, such as an on‐off current ratio (Ion/Ioff) of up to 8.99×109, a field‐effect mobility of 19.55 cm2V−1s−1, and a subthreshold swing (SS) down to 100 mV/dec. Furthermore, the MLO‐passivated ITZO TFTs showed an outstanding improvement in the bias stress stability and UV light illumination stress stability with negligible threshold voltage shifts in both positive bias stress (PBS) and positive bias illumination stress (PBIS) tests. This new passivation structure provides a potential strategy for improving the stability of ZnO‐based TFTs.