bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxaliplatin-Associated Neuropathy: A Review
Authors: Cersosimo Robert J
Published: December 2004

OBJECTIVE:

To review the incidence, mechanism, signs, symptoms, and management of oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity.

DATA SOURCES:

English-language publications from the MEDLINE database (1995–August 2004), published articles, and meeting abstracts were reviewed.

STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:

Relevant data were extracted from published reports and abstracts on studies and case reports of humans with cancer who received oxaliplatin chemotherapy and in vitro studies of oxaliplatin neurotoxicity.

DATA SYNTHESIS:

Neurotoxicity is a common adverse effect of oxaliplatin that usually presents as peripheral neuropathy. There are 2 forms of oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity: acute and chronic. The acute form occurs in >90% of patients and may begin during the infusion or within hours of completion, is usually self-limited, and may be exacerbated by exposure to cold. Chronic neuropathy is cumulative and is most commonly seen in patients who have received total doses ≥540 mg/m2. Although it is a sensory neuropathy, the intensity can increase to the point that it impairs physical functions, such as holding objects and writing. Preventive measures include administration of calcium and magnesium solutions, gabapentin, carbamazepine, amifostine, and glutathione. Treatment measures include calcium and magnesium solutions, gabapentin, and α-lipoic acid.

CONCLUSIONS:

Peripheral neuropathy is seen in the majority of patients who receive oxaliplatin. The acute form is usually transient and self-limited; however, the chronic form can be dose-limiting. Calcium and magnesium solutions are an effective and convenient means of treating and reducing the severity of neuropathic symptoms. Additional studies, including controlled trials, are needed to determine the best way to prevent and treat this complication.
Intensive Lipid-Lowering Therapy in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Lauderdale Stacy A , Sheehan Amy Heck
Published: December 2004

OBJECTIVE:

To describe current data evaluating the use of intensive lipid-lowering therapy in patients with coronary heart disease.

DATA SOURCES:

A literature search using MEDLINE (1966–September 2004) was conducted using the search terms lipoproteins, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, coronary arteriosclerosis, and coronary disease to identify published trials comparing the effects of intensive and conventional lipid-lowering therapy.

DATA SYNTHESIS:

Intensive lipid-lowering therapy reduces LDL-C levels significantly more than conventional treatment and appears to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients who have recently experienced acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, evidence suggesting clinical benefits in patients with stable coronary heart disease is currently lacking.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although data are limited, patients with ACS may benefit from intensive lipid-lowering therapy. Several studies are underway to determine the appropriate role of intensive lipid-lowering therapy.
Palonosetron HCl Compatibility and Stability with Doxorubicin HCl and Epirubicin HCl During Simulated Y-Site Administration
Authors: Trissel Lawrence A , Zhang Yanping
Published: December 2004

BACKGROUND:

Palonosetron HCl is a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Palonosetron HCl may be administered with other drugs by Y-site administration, including doxorubicin HCI and epirubicin HCI. Consequently, stability and compatability information are needed to verify the acceptability of such Y-site administration.

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the physical and chemical stability of undiluted palonosetron HCl 50 μg/mL with doxorubicin HCl 1 mg/mL and epirubicin HCl 0.5 mg/mL during simulated Y-site administration.

METHODS:

Triplicate samples of palonosetron HCl with each of the anthracycline chemotherapy drugs were tested. Samples were stored and evaluated for up to 4 hours at room temperature near 23°C. Physical stability was assessed using turbidimetric and particulate measurement, as well as visual inspection. Chemical stability was assessed by HPLC.

RESULTS:

All of the admixtures were clear and red—orange when viewed in normal fluorescent room light and with a Tyndall beam. Measured turbidity and particulate content were low initially and remained low throughout the study. The drug concentration was unchanged in any of the samples throughout the study.

CONCLUSIONS:

Palonosetron HCl is physically and chemically stable with doxorubicin HCl and epirubicin HCl during simulated Y-site administration of these drugs over 4 hours at ambient room temperature.
Molecular Distinction of Circulating Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A in Myocardial Infarction and Pregnancy
Authors: Qin Qiu-Ping , Kokkala Saara , Lund Juha , Tamm Natalia , Voipio-Pulkki Liisa-Maria , Pettersson Kim
Published: December 2004

Background: In the blood of pregnant women, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) is present as a covalent complex with the proform of eosinophil major basic protein (proMBP). Recently, increased serum concentrations of PAPP-A have been found in acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the circulating PAPP-A in ACS is the same as that in pregnancy.

Methods: We developed two time-resolved immunofluorometric assays based on a relative epitope map constructed by the use of 17 monoclonal antibodies. One assay, which measured total PAPP-A, used two PAPP-A subunit-specific antibodies. The other assay, which measured PAPP-A/proMBP complex, used one proMBP subunit-specific antibody and one PAPP-A subunit-specific antibody. Serum samples from four patients with myocardial infarction (MI), three pregnant women in their first trimester, and one in her third trimester were fractionated by gel filtration on a Superose™ 6 precision column. The two assays were used to analyze fractions obtained by gel filtration as well as serum samples serially collected from four other MI patients.

Results: Pregnancy-related PAPP-A was eluted as a single peak with a molecular mass of ∼700 kDa, whereas ACS-related PAPP-A was also eluted as a single peak but with a molecular mass of ∼530 kDa. Pregnancy-related PAPP-A was detected equally by the two assays, whereas increased ACS-related PAPP-A was detected only by the assay for total PAPP-A.

Conclusions: Our results provide the first evidence that circulating ACS-related PAPP-A is different from circulating pregnancy-related PAPP-A in that it is not complexed with proMBP. These findings provide a solid foundation for the design of immunoassays to accurately measure atherosclerosis-associated plasma protein A in the circulation.
Evaluation of heat-treated wood swelling by differential scanning calorimetry in relation to chemical composition
Authors: Repellin Vincent , Guyonnet René
Published: December 2004

Retification is a heat treatment that decreases the swelling of wood and increases its resistance to fungal attack. In this study, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was applied in order to determine the fibre saturation point (FSP) of natural and retified wood. FSP values were used to determine the total swelling of natural and heat-treated wood. The DSC method was compared to the volumetric shrinkage approach. The influence of heat treatment temperature and duration on the swelling of wood was investigated. Relationships between chemical changes and the reduction of swelling were analysed thoroughly.

The equivalence of the DSC method and the volumetric shrinkage method is shown. FSP in association with anhydrous density is a good indicator for the evaluation of the overall swelling of heat-treated wood. Reduction of wood swelling with increasing temperature and duration of thermal treatment is often attributed to hemicellulose destruction. This study shows that the reduction of beech wood swelling cannot only be attributed to the disappearance of adsorption sites that goes with hemicellulose destruction. It is suggested that other phenomena such as structural modifications and chemical changes of lignin also play an important role.
Enhanced wet tensile paper properties via dielectric-barrier discharge
Authors: Vander Wielen Lorraine C. , Page Derek H. , Ragauskas Arthur J.
Published: December 2004

Dielectric-barrier discharge treatment was used to modify fully bleached softwood kraft and unbleached softwood thermomechanical pulp handsheets. The effect of dielectric-barrier discharge treatment on the physical strength properties and dimensional stability of handsheets were analyzed. Increased dielectric-barrier discharge treatment power resulted in significant increases in the wet tensile index of handsheets. Increases in the surface acid content of pulp fibers do not appear to contribute to changes in paper properties, nor do changes to relative bonded area within handsheets. Enhanced wet strength via dielectric-barrier discharge treatment corresponds to increased dimensional stability. This appears to be due to fiber cross-linking in the case of bleached kraft pulp, since the wet-strain decreases as wet tensile and wet Young's modulus increase. In the case of unbleached thermomechanical pulp, the wet-strain shows no decrease, yet the wet Young's modulus increases as the wet tensile index increases.
Survival of bacteria on wood and plastic particles: Dependence on wood species and environmental conditions
Authors: Milling Annett , Kehr Rolf , Wulf Alfred , Smalla Kornelia
Published: December 2004

The survival of two hygienically relevant bacteria,Escherichia colipIE639 andEnterococcus faecium, was followed on wooden sawdust of seven different European woods (pine, spruce, larch, beech, maple, poplar, and oak) versus polyethylene chips by using cultivation-dependent and molecular-based methods in parallel. The survival of the bacteria on wood was dependent on various factors such as the wood species, the type of the inoculated bacterium, the ambient temperature, and humidity. The bacterial titre decreased fastest on pine followed by oak compared to the other woods and plastic. Cultivation-independent analysis employing DNA extraction, Southern blot hybridisation, and PCR-based detection of marker genes of the test bacteria confirmed this result. The decline in bacterial numbers correlated with the decrease of bacterial DNA in the samples. Amounts of DNA ofE. coliandE. faeciumrecovered from pine and oak-wood sawdust were generally lower compared to the other woods and plastic.

The presented study shows that pine and oak exhibit substantially better hygienic performance than plastic and indicates an antibacterial effect caused by a combination of the hygroscopic properties of wood and the effect of wood extractives.
Stone Tools, Style, and Social Identity: an Evolutionary Perspective on the Archaeological Record
Authors: Barton C. Michael
Published: December 2004

Because of their prevalence in the archaeological record, chipped stone assemblages have long been used for the identification of social entities and the tracing of cultural relationships through space and time. To do this, archaeologists have focused primarily on variations in lithic morphology. Although the forms of stone artifacts are determined by a combination their utilitarian function, 'style', and the physical constraints of knapping different cryptocrystalline rocks, there is widespread belief that style provides the best information about social group membership. Style, however, is not a unified concept, including both passive variability resulting from stochastic processes and actively encoded social information, constrained by selection and manipulated by the makers and users of artifacts.

A neo‐Darwinian framework is used to evaluate differing concepts of style and their applicability to the lithic archaeological record. Identifying prehistoric social entities and tracing cultural relationships is loosely analogous, methodologically and theoretically, to identifying taxa and tracing ancestor/descendant relationships in biology. Lithic technology is also examined from the point of view of neo‐Darwinian evolutionary theory to identity sources of morphological variability most likely to mark group social identity, and suggest methodologies best able to identify and differentiate prehistoric social groups.
Evolutionary Theory in Archaeological Explanation
Authors: Barton C Michael , Clark G. A.
Published: December 2004

In spite of the the fact that archaeology embodies the study of change, it is only within the last few years that neo‐Darwinian theory has begun to have an impact on archaeological explanation. This lack of acceptance of neo‐Darwinian theory in archaeology is in part the result of a long history of archaeologists misunderstanding the processes and expectations of evolutionary theory. This volume attempts to illustrate the applicability of neo‐Darwinian theory in archaeology by compiling studies that use this theoretical basis to resolve archaeological problems at varying degrees of temporal depth, at varying scales of social complexity, and employing varying metholodologies. Although a broad range of topics are covered in this volume, a number of issues remain to be addressed, including: links between evolutionary units and archaeological explanation; processes involved with the origin of behavioral variability; processes involved with the transmission of behavior; evaluating behavioral fitness; and the role of ‘non‐Darwinian’ processes in behavioral change.
Cognitive Archaeology, Evolutionary Psychology and Cultural Transmission, with Particular Reference to Religious Ideas
Authors: Mithen Steven
Published: December 2004

Archaeologists have drawn on evolutionary theory for more than three decades resulting in a diversity of approaches that lay claim to being a type of Darwinian archaeology. These are briefly reviewed, and some suggested to be of limited value to the discipline. The paper argues that a valid evolutionary approach requires an explicitly cognitive perspective, and suggests that there will be considerable benefit from an integration between cognitive archaeology and evolutionary psychology. The result would be a non‐functionalist Darwinian archaeology with potential to throw new light on cultural developments during the Palaeolithic and more recent times. To illustrate this, the paper discusses the cultural transmission of religious ideas.
Methodology of Comparison in Evolutionary Archaeology
Authors: Neff Hector , Larson Daniel O.
Published: December 2004

Evolutionary archaeology needs methods for recognizing how selective retention of cultural variation shaped the archaeological record. One approach that has not yet been exploited fully is to derive adaptive hypotheses from evolutionary design arguments, then to test the hypotheses' predictions by comparing two or more segments of the archaeological record. In order to encourage further development of comparative methods, we discuss aspects of their application within evolutionary archaeology. We also present an example in which comparative observations are used to test a hypothesis about the evolution of local productive specialization and circulation of materials through space.
Two Roads Diverged in the Yellow Wood of Incrementalism
Authors: Riner Reed D.
Published: December 2004

Two Cases, one of urban synoptic‐style planning, one of university strategic‐style planning, are reported and analyzed with reference to other planning styles. Planning style is identified as a key construct in a setf‐reinforcing loop connecting world view and organizational culture, all of which are considered as semantic systems. The evolution of organizational forms is traced to forecast the emergence of smart organizations as a result of the introduction of strategic planning. Recent events in the continuing case study are appended. [futures research, organizational culture change, planning styles, semantic systems, smart organizations]
Seeds of Change
Authors: Bilby Kenneth M.
Published: December 2004

Seeds of Change National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. (October 1991 through May 1993).
Continuity or Replacement; Controversies in Homo Sapiens Evolution
Authors: Tattersall Ian
Published: December 2004

Continuity or Replacement; Controversies in Homo Sapiens Evolution. Gunter Brauer and Fred H. Smith (eds). Rotterdam/Brookfield, Vermont: A. A. Balkema, 1992. 315 pp., b/w illustrations, line drawings, bibliographies, index. $80.00 (cloth).
Museum Europa; Mongols; Peoples of the World; and Ethnographic Treasure Rooms, The Danish National Museum, Copenhagen
Authors: Sturtevant William C.
Published: December 2004

MUSEUM EUROPA: AN EXHIBITION ABOUT THE EUROPEAN MUSEUM FROM THE RENAISSANCE TO THE PRESENT DAY, Danish National Museum, Copenhagen (June 19‐ October 24,1993), Kunst‐ und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Bonn (November 3, 1994‐February 26, 1995); THE MONGOLS— NOMADS OF THE STEPPES (thematic exhibition, 1992‐1995); PEOPLES OF THE WORLD and ETHNOGRAPHIC TREASURE ROOMS (permanent exhibitions, opened in 1992), Danish National Museum, Copenhagen.
Inside Culture: Art and Class in the American Home
Authors: Beidelman T. O.
Published: December 2004

Inside Culture: Art and Class in the American Home, DAVID HALLE. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1993, xvi. 261 pp. 66 halftones; appendix, notes, index. $29.95 (cloth).
Public Folklore
Authors: Abramovitch Ilana
Published: December 2004

Public Folklore. Edited by ROBERT BARON and NICHOLAS R. SPITZER. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. 370 pp., 15 b/w photographs. $45.00 (cloth); $18.95 (paper).
The Etholén Collection
Authors: Lee Molly
Published: December 2004

The Etholén Collection: The Ethnographic Alaskan Collection of Adolf Etholén and his contemporaries in the National Museum of Finland. PIRJO VARJOLA. with contributions by JULIA P. AVERKIEVA and ROZA G. LIAPUNOVA. Helsinki: National Board of Antiquities of Finland, 1990. 336 pp. 559 color and b/w illustrations; catalog; appendix; bibliographies. Out of print ($96 in 1992).
Art of Everyday Life in Ethiopia and Northern Kenya
Authors: Abbink Jon
Published: December 2004

Art of Everyday Life in Ethiopia and Northern Kenya. From the Collection of Neil W. Sobania. Essays by NEIL W. SOBANIA. JOHN MONTGOMERY WILSON. and RAYMOND W. SILVERMAN. Holland, Ml. DePree Art Center and Gallery, Hope College, 1992. 48 pp. map;. color images;. line drawings; checklist of objects; suggested reading.
Reflections of the Weaver's World
Authors: Schevill Margot Blum
Published: December 2004

Reflections of the Weaver's World. The Gloria Ross Collection of Contemporary Navajo Weaving. ANN LANE HEDLUND. Denver: Denver Art Museum, 1992.112 pp.,. map,. black‐and‐white drawing, 89 color plates,. color fold‐out plates, glossary, bibliography. Distributed by the University of Washington Press. $29.95 (paper).
John Eisner and Roger Cardinal, eds. The Cultures of Collecting; and Werner Muensterberger. Collecting, An Unruly Passion: Psychological Perspectives.
Authors: Price Sally
Published: December 2004

The Cultures of Collecting. Edited by JOHN ELSNER and ROGER CARDINAL. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1994. vii. 312 pp. Halftones, references, select bibliography, index. $39.95 (cloth), $18.95 (paper).

Collecting, An Unruly Passion: Psychological Perspectives, WERNER MUENSTERBERGER. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994. xi. 295 pp. 12 b/w illus., notes, bibliography, index. $24.95 (cloth).
Abdellah Hammoudi. The Victim and its Masks.
Authors: Mark Peter
Published: December 2004

The Victim and its Masks, an Essay on Sacrifice and Masquerade in the Maghreb, ABDELLAH HAMMOUDI. Translated by Paula Wissing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993. 199 pp. 15 halftones, notes, index. $39.95 (cloth); $16.95 (paper).
Rick Dillingham. Fourteen Families in Pueblo Pottery.
Authors: Mcchesney Lea S.
Published: December 2004

Fourteen Families in Pueblo Pottery, RICK DILLINGHAM, with. forward by J. J. BRODY. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1994. xix. 304 pp. 268 color plates, 185 halftones. $75.00 (cloth); $37.50 (paper).
Gaylord Torrence. The American Indian Parfleche.
Authors: Conn Richard
Published: December 2004

The American Indian Parfleche:. Tradition of Abstract Painting, GAYLORD TORRENCE. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1994. Published with the Des Moines Art Center. 272 pp., 148 illustrations, 103 in color, map, notes, bibliography, index. $60.00 (cloth), $35.00 (paper).
Gustaaf Verwijver, ed. Kaiapd, Amazonia: The Art of Body Decoration.
Authors: Kensinger Kenneth M.
Published: December 2004

Kaiapó, Amazonia: The Art of Body Decoration. Edited by GUSTAAF VERSWIJVER. with contributions by VIVIANE BAEKE. TERENCE TURNER. and LUX VIDAL. Tervuren (Belgium): Royal Museum for Central Africa, 1992.198 pp.,. map, numerous color and black‐and‐white photographs, notes, catalog, bibliography. Distributed by University of Washington Press. $60.00 (cloth).
Margot Blum Schevill. Maya Textiles of Guatemala.
Authors: Hendrickson Carol
Published: December 2004

Maya Textiles of Guatemala: The Gustavus A. Eisen Collection, 1902. MARGOT BLUM SCHEVILL. with. historical essay by CHRISTOPHER H. LUTZ. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1993. xiii. 295 pp. 150 color and 175 b/w illus., notes, bibliography, index. $65.00 (cloth), $29.95 (paper).
Barbara Lawson. Collected Curios.
Authors: Waite Deborah
Published: December 2004

Collected Curios: Missionary Tales from the South Seas. BARBARA LAWSON. Montreal: McGill University Libraries, 1994. Fontanus Monograph Series III. xvi. 313 pp., 24 illustrations, appendices, bibliography, index. $35.00 (cloth).
Odette Leroux, Marion E. Jackson, and Minnie Aodla Freeman. Inuit Women Artists.
Authors: Berlo Janet Catherine
Published: December 2004

Inuit Women Artists: Voices from Cape Dorset. Edited by ODETTE LEROUX. MARION E. JACKSON. and MINNIE AODLA FREEMAN. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1994. 256 pp., 208 illus., 53 in color, map, bibliography. $45.00 (cloth).
James W. VanStone. Material Culture of the Chilcotin Athapaskans of West Central British Columbia.
Authors: Duncan Kate C.
Published: December 2004

Material Culture of the Chilcotin Athapaskans of West Central British Columbia: Collection in the Field Museum of Natural History, JAMES W. VAN‐STONE. Fieldiana: Anthropology, New Series, No.20. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1993.29 pp. b/w photographs, line drawings, bibliography, appendix. $12.00 (paper).
David Dean. Museum Exhibition: Theory and Practice.
Authors: Rabineau Phyllis
Published: December 2004

Museum Exhibition: Theory and Practice, DAVID DEAN. London and New York: Routledge, 1994. 177 pp. 16 b/w photographs, 13 diagrams and charts, 31 b/w figures,. appendices, glossary, notes, bibliography, index. $39.95(cloth).
Fowler Museum, UCLA. Elephant: The Animal and Its Ivory in African Culture and Royal Tombs of Sipán
Authors: Steinhorn Beth
Published: December 2004

Education Curriculum Resource Units. Elephant: The Animal and Its Ivory in African Culture. 1992 and Royal Tombs of Sipán. 1993. Education Department. Fowler Museum of Cultural History, University of California, Los Angeles.
Ota Benga: The Pygmy in the Zoo
Authors: Adamson Clarissa
Published: December 2004

Ota Benga: The Pygmy in the Zoo. Phillips Verner Bradford and Harvey Blume. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1992. xxi. 281 pp., 16 b/w photos.
Art of Island Southeast Asia: The Fred and Rita Richman Collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art./Island Ancestors: Oceanic Art from the Masco Collection
Authors: D'Alleva Anne
Published: December 2004

Art of Island Southeast Asia: The Fred and Rita Richman Collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Florina H. Capistrano‐Baker, with an introduction by Paul Michael Tayler. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1994. 156 pp. 261 illus., with 16 in color, map, checklist of the collection, glossary, references. $39.95 (cloth); $29.95 (paper).

Island Ancestors: Oceanic Art from the Masco Collection, Allen Wardwell. Seattle: University Washington Press, in association with The Detroit Institute of Arts, 1994. xiii. 282 pp. 153 illus., with 149 in color, maps, bibliography, index. $60.00 (cloth).
Passionate Hobby: Rudolf Frederick Haffenreffer and the King Philip Museum/The Smithsonian and the American Indian: Making a Moral Anthropology in Victorian America,
Authors: Jackins Ira
Published: December 2004

Passionate Hobby: Rudolf Frederick Haffenreffer and the King Philip Museum. Edited by Shepard Krech III in. Studies in Anthropology and Material Culture, Vol. VI. Providence, Rl: Haffenreffer Museum of Anthropology, Brown University, 1994. 191 pp., b/w and color illus., appendix, notes. $25.00 (paper).

The Smithsonian and the American Indian: Making. Moral Anthropology in Victorian America, Curtis M. Hinsley. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1981. 319 pp., b/w illus., notes, bibliography, index. $17.95 (paper).
Ethnomimesis: Folk life and the Representation of Culture
Authors: Korom Frank J.
Published: December 2004

Ethnomimesis: Folk life and the Representation of Culture. Robert Cantwell. Chapel Hill and London: The University of North Carolina Press, 1993. xx. 323 pp., notes, bibliography, index. $49.95 (cloth); $18.95 (paper).
Puja, Expressions of Hindu Devotion
Authors: Bean Susan S.
Published: December 2004

PUJA, EXPRESSIONS OF HINDU DEVOTION. The Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, May 12, 1996 ongoing
The Legacy of Generations: Pottery by American Indian Women
Authors: Benco Nancy L.
Published: December 2004

The Legacy of Generations: Pottery by American Indian Women. National Museum of Women in the Arts, Washington D.C. October 9, 1997‐January 11, 1998
Cloaked in Mystery: Feather Capes in the Western Imagination
Authors: King J.C.H.
Published: December 2004

A Response to Lurie and Anderson's "Lost Art Form. A Case Study of 19th Century Feathered Capes Produced by American Indians in the Great Lakes Region" /Museum Anthropology 22(2), Fall 1998].
Pomo Indian Basket Weavers: Their Baskets and the Art Market
Authors: Shukla Pravina
Published: December 2004

POMO INDIAN BASKET WEAVERS: THEIR BASKETS AND THE ART MARKET. National Museum of the American Indian, New York, N.Y. (May 9, 1999—August 15,1999).
Nitsitapiisinni: Our Way of Life The Blackfoot Gallery, Glenbow Museum Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Authors: Brown Alison
Published: December 2004

Nitsitapiisinni: Our Way of Life. The Blackfoot Gallery, Glenbow Museum, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Opened November 2001.
Walker Evans
Authors: Johnson Melissa A.
Published: December 2004

Walker Evans, Maria Morris Hambourg. Jeff L. Rosenheim. Douglas Eklund. Mia Fineman. Princeton, NJ; New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York in association with Princeton University Press, 2000. 332 pages, 365 illustrations including 141 duotone and 53 color, selected bibliography (pages 310‐311), index (pages 312‐318). Cloth, $65.00, Paper, $45.00.
Culture in the Marketplace: Gender, Art and Value in the American Southwest
Authors: Mithlo Nancy Marie
Published: December 2004

Culture in the Marketplace: Gender, Art and Value in the American Southwest Molly H. Mullin. Durham: Duke University Press, 2001. 232 pp. 10 black and white photos, bibliography, index. $18.95 (paper); $54.95 (cloth).
Letter From Morocco
Authors: Gross Joan
Published: December 2004

Letter From Morocco. 26 minutes. By Beverly Seckinger. Department of Media Arts, Mlb 265, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721.
Cultural Energy Lecture, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago September 19, 1987
Authors: Collier John
Published: December 2004

What follows is text of a talk given in the context of an exhibit and it is organized in terms of movement through that exhibit, a format that can only partially be reconstructed here. The images reproduced here include photographs from the exhibit as well as others that were felt to be related to the theme of the original talk. All photographs are courtesy of the Collier Family Collection.
Vision, Race and Modernity: A Visual Economy of the Andean Image World
Authors: Ruby Jay
Published: December 2004

Vision, Race and Modernity:. Visual Economy of the Andean Image World. Deborah Poole. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997. 263 pages, 75 halftones.
Brincando el Charco Portrait of a Puerto Rican (1995)
Authors: Ricardo Machuca Milton
Published: December 2004

Brincando el Charco: Portrait of. Puerto Rican (1995) Frances Negron‐Muntaner (Producer/Director/Writer). Coproduction of the National Latino Communications Center (NLCC) and the Independent Television Service (ITVS). 57 Minutes, Color/BW. 16 mm/Video. Distributed By Women Make Movies, (212) 925‐0606.
In and Out of Africa
Authors: Buckley Liam
Published: December 2004

In and out of Africa.(1992) Gabai Baaré, Ilisa Barbash, Christopher Steiner, Lucien Taylor. Center for Visual Anthropology, University of Southern California. 59 min.
Thomson of Arnhem Land
Authors: Lambert‐Pennington Katherine
Published: December 2004

Thomson of Arnhem Land. 2000. 55 minutes. Directed by John Moore. Distributed by First Run/Icarus Films, 32 Court Street, 21st floor, Brooklyn, N.Y., USA 11201. 718‐488‐8900, info@frif.com
Small heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) expression is highly induced in rat myometrium during late pregnancy and labour
Authors: White B G , Williams S J , Highmore K , MacPhee D J
Published: December 2004

The underlying mechanisms that regulate uterine contractions during labour are still poorly understood. A candidate regulatory protein is heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27). It belongs to the small heat shock protein family and can regulate actin cytoskeleton dynamics, act as a chaperone, and may regulate contractile protein activation. As a result, we hypothesized that Hsp27 expression would be highly induced during late pregnancy and labour. Hsp27 mRNA expression was significantly elevated (P< 0.05) on days 17 to 22 of gestation. In addition, immunoblot analysis demonstrated that detection of total Hsp27 increased (P< 0.05) between day 21 and 1 day post-partum (PP) inclusive. Since phosphorylation of Hsp27 has been reported to be a prerequisite for smooth muscle contraction, we examined the temporal and spatial expression of Ser-15 phosphorylated Hsp27. Immunoblot analysis showed that the detection of Ser-15 phosphorylated Hsp27 significantly increased (P< 0.05) between days 19 and 23 (active labour) inclusive, in parallel with detection of total Hsp27. Immunocytochemical analysis of Ser-15 phosphorylated Hsp27 expressionin situdemonstrated that phosphorylated Hsp27 in circular muscle became detectable in peri-nuclear and membrane regions on days 19 to 22, but was primarily restricted to the cytoplasm on days 23 to PP. In contrast, phosphorylated Hsp27 in longitudinal muscle was primarily detected in myocyte membranes on days 15 to 22, and then also became detectable in the cytoplasm of myocytes on days 23 and PP. Our results demonstrate that Hsp27 expression is highly upregulated during late pregnancy and labour and suggest that Hsp27 is a potential candidate contraction-associated protein.
Urinary Mutagenicity, CYP1A2 and NAT2 Activity in Textile Industry Workers
Authors: Fanlo Ana , Sinués Blanca , Mayayo Esteban , Bernal Luisa , Soriano Antonia , Martínez‐Jarreta Begoña , Martínez‐Ballarín Enrique
Published: December 2004

Urinary Mutagenicity, CYP1A2 and NAT2 Activity in Textile Industry Workers: Ana Fanlo,et al.Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Zaragoza, Spain—The two major causes of bladder cancer have been recognised to be cigarette smoke and occupational exposure to arylamines. These compounds are present both in tobacco smoke and in the dyes used in textile production. Aromatic amines suffer oxidative metabolism via P450 cytochrome CYP1A2, and detoxification by the polymorphic NAT2. The aim of the present work was to assess the association between occupational‐derived exposure to mutagens and CYP1A2 or NAT2 activity. This cross‐sectional study included 117 textile workers exposed to dyes and 117 healthy controls. The urinary mutagenicity was determined in 24 h urine using TA98 Salmonella typhimurium strain with microsomal activation S9 (MIS9) or incubation with β‐glucuronidase (MIβ). Urinary caffeine metabolite ratios: AFMU+1X+1U/17U, and AFMU/AFMU+1X+1U were calculated to assess CYP1A2 and NAT2 activities, respectively. The results show that workers present a strikingly higher urine mutagenicity than controls (p<0.0001), despite the implementation of the new restrictive norms forbidding the industrial use of the most carcinogenic arylamines. Neither NAT2 nor CYP1A2 activity had any effect on the markers of internal exposure to mutagens, since no significant differences were observed when the urinary mutagenicity of slow and fast acetylators (p>0.05) was compared, and the urinary mutagenicity was not significantly associated with the CYP1A2 activity marker (r=0.04 and r=–0.01 for MIS9 and MIβ, respectively). This study clearly indicates the need for further protective policies to minimise exposure to the lowest feasible limit in order to avoid unnecessary risks.
Mental Health Status, Shift Work, and Occupational Accidents among Hospital Nurses in Japan
Authors: Suzuki Kenshu , Ohida Takashi , Kaneita Yoshitaka , Yokoyama Eise , Miyake Takeo , Harano Satoru , Yagi Yuko , Ibuka Eiji , Kaneko Akiyo , Tsutsui Takako , Uchiyama Makoto
Published: December 2004

Mental Health Status, Shift Work, and Occupational Accidents among Hospital Nurses in Japan: Kenshu Suzuki, et al. Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Nihon University—A questionnaire survey was conducted with questions from the 12‐item General Health Questionnaire, among others, targeting 4,407 nurses in 8 general hospitals in Japan, in the hope of improving the work environment of nurses and to provide data that will allow a discussion of the measures necessary for preventing medical errors, thus improving occupational health. For each type of accident, the percentage of those who had made medical errors was significantly higher for the “mentally in poor health” group than for the “mentally in good health” group (p<0.0001). The percentage of nurses in the “mentally in good health” and “mentally in poor health” groups who had experienced occupational accidents over the past 12 months (i.e., whether they were “with errors” or “without errors”) was calculated for each of the following four types of medical accident:(1) drug‐administration errors, (2) incorrect operation of medical equipment, (3) errors in patient identification, and (4) needlestick injuries. For each type of accident, the percentage of those who had made medical errors was significantly higher for the “mentally in poor health” group than for the “mentally in good health” group (p<0.0001). Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed significant associations between experience of medical errors in the past 12 months and being mentally in poor health, with night or irregular shift work, and age.
Relationships of Working Conditions and Individual Characteristics to Occupational Injuries: A Case‐Control Study in Coal Miners
Authors: Ghosh Apurna Kumar , Bhattacherjee Ashis , Chau Nearkasen
Published: December 2004

Relationships of Working Conditions and Individual Characteristics to Occupational Injuries: A Case‐Control Study in Coal Miners: Apurna Kumar Ghosh, et al. Department of Mining Engineering, National Institute of Technology, India—This study assessed the relationship of age, poor perception of working condition, poor safety environment, poor management and supervision, risk‐taking behavior, emotional instability, negative job involvement, job dissatisfaction, job stress, and poor safety performance of workers to occupational injuries. This case‐control study was conducted on 202 male coal miners with at least one occupational injury during a five‐year period and 202 male controls with no occupational injury, matched on the job. A standardized questionnaire administered by individual interviewers was used. Data were analysed by the logistic regression method. For all workers combined, the factors with significant adjusted odds ratios (ORs) found were: 30–45 and >45 yr age groups (OR vs. <30 yr age group: 1.80, 95% CI 1.02–3.17 and 2.59, 1.38–4.85 respectively), poor perception of working conditions (1.61, CI 1.00–3.18), emotional instability (2.33, 1.04–5.22), job stress (1.83, 1.00–3.46) and poor safety performance of workers (3.10, 1.45–6.63). No significant interaction was found between these risk factors and the job. It was concluded that older age, poor perception of work conditions, poor work environment, and human behavioral factors played significant roles in occupational injuries. This information would help in implementing preventive programs to improve working conditions and management quality and to help the workers to develop positive psychological traits, but workers with negative traits such as emotional instability and older workers should be employed in less demanding jobs.
Implicit Religion and Faith-based Urban Regeneration
Authors: Smith Greg
Published: December 2004

An examination of the current literature in urban regeneration reveals a growing amount of policy-related research about the potential and actual contribution of faith communities and religious organisations to social welfare, community cohesion and economic and community development. However, there appears to be little or no analysis of the values and theologies that underlie the action in different faith traditions. This article, based on recent research for the Joseph Rowntree Foundation, tries to address this gap.
Update on the Role of Topotecan in the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Stewart David J.
Published: December 2004

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to:

Explain the toxicity challenges that limit the use of standard platinum-based therapies in patients with NSCLC. Discuss the role of topotecan as monotherapy and in combination with other agents in the first-line and second-line treatment of patients with NSCLC and its favorable toxicity profile relative to platinum. Describe the importance of understanding resistance mechanisms to optimize the efficacy of antitumor therapies such as topotecan.

Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 hour of AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is an aggressive disease that is generally resistant to chemotherapy. As a result, the prognosis for patients with NSCLC is poor. Currently, platinum-based regimens are the standard of care for patients with advanced NSCLC. However, these regimens are associated with severe and often cumulative hematologic and nonhematologic toxicities, limiting dose intensity. Therefore, novel chemotherapeutic agents and combination regimens may improve the outcome for these patients. A variety of new agents and combinations have been investigated in the treatment of NSCLC. However, to date, no clearly superior single-agent or combination regimen has emerged. Topotecan (Hycamtin®; GlaxoSmithKline; Philadelphia, PA), a topoisomerase I inhibitor, is currently approved for the treatment of patients with relapsed small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and is associated with manageable, noncumulative, hematologic toxicities. In addition, topotecan demonstrates a favorable nonhematologic tolerability profile compared with agents currently used in the treatment of patients with NSCLC. The success of topotecan in patients with SCLC has made it an attractive option in the NSCLC setting. Topotecan-based combination regimens in the first-line treatment of NSCLC have demonstrated promising antitumor activities with favorable toxicity profiles. Many topotecan combination regimens have induced stable disease, a response that may offer meaningful clinical benefit in the palliative treatment of patients with advanced disease. Topotecan plus gemcitabine (Gemzar®; Eli Lilly and Company; Indianapolis, IN) and single-agent topotecan may be particularly appropriate for patients in the second-line setting, in which palliation of symptoms is an important outcome of chemotherapy. Herein, the future role of topotecan in the first- and second-line treatment of NSCLC and the potential role of resistance mechanisms obtained from in vivo dose-response studies in designing future combination regimens are discussed.
Mercury concentrations in king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) feathers at Crozet Islands (sub-Antarctic): Temporal trend between 1966–1974 and 2000–2001
Authors: Scheifler Renaud , Gauthier-Clerc Michel , Bohec Céline Le , Crini Nadia , Cœurdassier Michaël , Badot Pierre-Marie , Giraudoux Patrick , Maho Yvon Le
Published: December 2004

Remote sub-Antarctic is lands and their wildlife may be contaminated by mercury via atmospheric and oceanic currents. Because of mercury's high toxicity and its capacity to be biomagnified in marine food chains, top predators like seabirds may be threatened by secondary poisoning. The present study provides data regarding mercury concentrations in breast feathers sampled in 2000 and 2001 on king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) living at Crozet Islands. These contemporary concentrations were compared to those measured in feathers of king penguins sampled in the same colony between 1966 and 1974 and preserved in a museum (1970s sample). The average concentration of the contemporary sample is 1.98 μg g−1 (dry mass) and is significantly different than the concentrations reported in some other penguin species. The concentration of the contemporary sample is significantly lower than the concentration of the 1970s sample (2.66 μg g−1). This suggests that mercury concentrations in southern hemisphere seabirds do not increase, which conflicts with the trends observed in the northern hemisphere. This difference in temporal trends between the northern and southern hemispheres usually is attributed mainly to a higher degree of pollutant emission in the northern hemisphere. Parameters that may explain the interspecies differences in mercury concentrations are discussed. These first results may constitute a basis for further ecotoxicological and/or biomonitoring studies of king penguins in these remote ecosystems.
A field-based microcosm method to assess the effects of polluted urban stream sediments on aquatic macroinvertebrates
Authors: Pettigrove Vincent , Hoffmann Ary
Published: December 2004

A method using field-based microcosms was developed to determine the effects of contaminated sediments on aquatic macroinvertebrates. Fine sediments from nonpolluted, moderately polluted, and severely polluted bodies of water were placed in microcosms positioned within the littoral zone of a nonpolluted wetland near Melbourne (Victoria, Australia). In three experiments, 47 taxa, including 18 Chironomidae, 6 taxa from other Diptera families, and 7 Hemiptera taxa, colonized the microcosms, mostly via eggs deposited by flying adults. The effects of sediment type on the presence and abundance of common taxa were considered statistically. Pollution levels in sediments (indexed either by a principal components analysis or by the concentration of zinc, the predominant metal) resulted in reduced occurrence and abundance of eight taxa but had no effect on another five taxa. These findings were validated with an extensive field database for the distribution of macroinvertebrates and associated concentrations of zinc in sediments from streams and wetlands in the Melbourne region. The occurrence of eight taxa and the abundance of two taxa varied at similar zinc concentrations in sediments from both the microcosms and the field. Patterns for another two species did not match the microcosm results, but these groups contained multiple species with potentially diverse responses. The present results suggest that contaminant levels in sediments probably have a direct effect on the occurrence and abundance of macroinvertebrates in bodies of water in urban areas. The microcosm method can be used to gather information regarding the effects of sediment quality on macroinvertebrates in lentic habitats, particularly for indigenous species that cannot be easily reared or tested in laboratory conditions. Because almost all macroinvertebrates in microcosms develop from eggs, the most sensitive life stages (i.e., first and second instars) are exposed to polluted sediments.
Assessment of whole effluent toxicity on aquatic snails: Bioaccumulation of Cr, Zn, and Fe, and individual effects in bioassays
Authors: Cœurdassier Michaël , de Vaufleury Annette , Crini Nadia , Scheifler Renaud , Badot Pierre-Marie
Published: December 2004

We used a freshwater gastropod, Lymnaea palustris, in chronic bioassays to assess the toxicity of an industrial effluent containing high levels of metals, particularly Cr, Zn, and Fe. Adult snails were exposed for four weeks to different concentrations of effluent sampled at three successive treatment steps (crude effluent, effluent after physicochemical treatment, and after biological treatment). Dose-dependent responses reflecting exposure (metal bioaccumulation) and effects on survival, fecundity, and malon-dialdehyde production (a proxy for oxidative stress) were investigated. We found that Cr and Zn were accumulated in snail tissues, whereas Fe was regulated. Body concentrations of Cr and Zn decreased along the effluent-treatment gradient, particularly after the physicochemical treatment. For controls versus treatments, no effect on malondialdehyde production was detected. Significant effects were noted for fecundity. The number of eggs per individual decreased for snails exposed to 20, 30, and 40% concentrations of physicochemically treated effluent and for snails exposed to an 80% concentration of the biologically treated effluent. A hormetic effect on the number of eggs per individual was observed for snails exposed to 10 and 20% concentrations of the effluent that had been biologically treated. Deleterious effects of the effluent on L. palustris fecundity were not correlated with high internal concentrations of metals in the snails, suggesting that toxicity resulted from other factors.
Reproductive impairment in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)
Authors: Hoogesteijn Almira L. , DeVoogd Timothy J. , Quimby Fred W. , De Caprio Tony , Kollias George V.
Published: December 2004

The effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as compounds that may disrupt endocrine activity and, consequently, alter reproductive performance were investigated in altricial zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). The breeding performance and breeding cycle of zebra finches differed significantly between nonexposed birds and those experimentally pulse-exposed to Aroclor 1248, a PCB compound (40 μg/bird). Aroclor-exposed birds showed significantly increased numbers of clutches laid, nests constructed per pair, incubation time per pair, and percentage of hatchling mortality compared to controls. Not all reproductive parameters were affected. Those traditionally regarded as indicators of reproductive capacity (number of eggs laid per clutch, number of eggs laid per pair, hatchlings per clutch, and fledglings per clutch) did not differ statistically between exposed and control birds. Findings support the hypothesis that very low PCB doses may be associated with endocrine disruption. It is suggested that evaluation of reproductive parameters related to parental care is more adequate to assess endocrine disruption than is evaluation of reproductive success parameters. Given its short breeding cycle, altricial breeding behavior, and other advantages not possessed by precocial birds, we propose using the zebra finch for evaluations of chemicals with endocrine-disruptive activity.