bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does the Australian Bureau of Statistics Method of Travel to Work data accurately estimate commuter cycling in Australia?
Authors: Olivier Jake , Esmaeilikia Mahsa , Johnson Marilyn , Beck Ben , Grzebieta Raphael
Published: May 2020

The Australian Census of Population and Housing includes a responder’s Method of Travel to Work for Persons (MTWP) on Census Day. With some exceptions, responders can select multiple modes of transport. In Australia and overseas, this data has been used to estimate mode share and the proportion of Australians who utilize various active transport modes. This is especially true for cycling as there are scant data sources for Australian cycling exposure. The aims of this paper are to discuss weaknesses of MTWP data and the appropriateness of MTWP data to estimate cycling in Australia, and to assess changes in MTWP data relative to the introduction of bicycle helmet legislation. The use of MTWP data to estimate Australian cycling is limited due to: (1) data collection occurring on single days in winter once every five years, (2) it is not possible to identify a primary mode of transport, and (3) the 1976 data was not a full enumeration. MTWP data estimates about 1.5% of Australians cycle while other data sources are much higher ranging from 10% to 36%. With regard to bicycle helmet legislation, comparisons were made for each state/territory for the census immediately preceding helmet legislation and the following census. Overall, the proportion of cyclists among active transport users is similar from pre- to post-legislation (relative change=+1%, 95% CI: -13%, +18%), although all but two states/territories estimate an increase in cycling. In conclusion, the Australian government should invest in routinely collecting high-quality mobility data for all modes of travel to assist in the decision-making and assessment of road safety policies.
How do we prevent and mitigate crashes? Evidence from Australian at-scene in-depth crash investigations
Authors: Doecke Sam , Thompson James , Stokes Christopher
Published: May 2020

The Centre for Automotive Safety Research conducts at-scene in-depth investigations of South Australian injury crashes that allow detailed analysis of the crash in order to determine the factors that contributed to the crash occurring, and the interventions that could prevent or mitigate them. This initial analysis of such a dataset (n=116) showed that the most common contributing factors are human errors, but the interventions to prevent or mitigate the crashes are most commonly infrastructure treatments or vehicle technologies that eliminate the human error and/or reduce the vehicle’s speed prior to impact in the event of a human error. It also found that most crashes can be prevented or mitigated. Key factors in meeting the goals of the safe system (zero deaths and serious injuries) were found to be: road infrastructure-based interventions at intersections (e.g. roundabouts); increased fleet penetration of the vehicle technologies Electronic Stability Control, Autonomous Emergency Braking, Emergency Braking Assist, Lane Keep Assist, Intelligent Speed Assist – Limiting; road interventions for errant vehicles that depart their lane or the road (e.g. median barriers); speed limit reductions; and a reduction in driving under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs.
Penyuluhan: Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Kesehatan yang Optimal pada Penyakit Langka
Authors: Cipta Dyah Ayu Sulistyaning , Prayitno Trio Ageng , Kartika Era Dewi
Published: May 2020

The purpose of holding counseling in the form of a talkshow with the theme Role of Families in Bridging the Affect of Rare Disease with Optimal Health Services is to increase public awareness of children with special needs, especially rare diseases, and foster parents' enthusiasm in bridging children with rare diseases with optimal health services Thus, it is expected that children with special needs will get support both physically and psychologically, so that they can develop their own potential, grow to become empowered individuals, and get the best quality of life. This event is also a form of our support for parents with children with special needs, especially with rare diseases. This ceremony was held at the 6th Floor Hall of RSI Aisyiyah Malang on Saturday, March 2, 2019.
PROGRAM KEMITRAAN MASYARAKAT STIMULUS UMKM MARNING DI DESA MASDA MAKMUR
Authors: Rohmah Rina Ari , Purwantoro Purwantoro , Rouza Erni
Published: May 2020

The Stimulus Community Partnership Program ( PKMS ) was implemented at the UMKM Marning Mbok Jas. In this stimulant community partnership program there are three efforts to solve the problems faced by partners, namely the first increase in the ability of science and technology in the production system, this effort is made to increase production productivity, optimize production and improve hygienic marning quality. The second effort is to increase the variant of the production of processed corn and corn marning; it aims to increase the variant of corn marning products, namely to increase the variant of corn marning flavor. By creating a third effort which is to change the marketing strategy by creating a taste that consumers like and a consistent taste, making brochures, and labeling it to look attractive and other marketing activities and marketing in the marketplace.
PENGEMBANGAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN BERORIENTASI KEILMUAN DAN POTENSI LOKAL BAGI MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS MULAWARMAN UNTUK MENGHASILKAN WIRAUSAHA YANG HANDAL, MANDIRI DAN PROFESSIONAL
Authors: Nugroho Rudy Agung , Pardosi Jawatir , Manullang Julinda Romauli , Noor Andi Asikin
Published: May 2020

Many efforts have been made to increase entrepreneurship mental in higher education level so that students are interested to be entrepreneurs. This need to be done since the number of entrepreneurs in Indonesia is still limited. The Objective of this Entrepreneurship Development Program (EDP) was that to develop entrepreneurship at Mulawarman University which focused on local based content. This was done in order to bear professional, independent, and reliable entrepreneurs. To achieve the goals, this EDP socialized its program to all Faculties and Departments before conducting tenant open recruitment. Next, the selected tenants got training from experts. The training activities covered basic knowledge and practice of entrepreneurship and field trip to some local industries, which were considered to be successful. Afterward, the trainers were allowed to join internship program. In this program, trainers got expert assistance to help them to construct entrepreneurship proposal which was related to their field of study. When these targeted tenant had successfully run their small businesses professionally and independently, the new tenant were recruited in the next following year. By doing so, the cycles of entrepreneurship in Mulawarman University would continue to generate.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN PRODUK JIPANG BERBASISKAN PELATIHAN MANAJEMEN USAHA DAN PEMASARAN YANG KREATIF PADA UKM BUMDES DESA WONOKETRO JETIS PONOROGO
Authors: Rapini Titi , Kristiyana Naning , Santoso Adi , Setyawan Fery
Published: May 2020

Kegiatan ini bertujuan Kondisi mitra hampir sama dengan kebanyakan UKM  yang ada di desa lain, yakni mengalami beberapa permasalahan sehingga sulit untuk bisa berkembang. Industry kuliner Jipang merupakan salah satu usaha milik BUMDes Desa Wonoketro, sedangkan desa Wonoketro itu sendiri memiliki hasil alam utama yakni padi, serta hasil tani berupa jagung dan kedelai. Sedangkan untuk bidang usaha mitra itu sendiri berupa jasa persewaan molen dan industry kuliner berupa Jipang. Berdasarkan informasi yang digali dari pengurus, permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh mitra setidaknya ada empat hal, yakni: kurangnya analisa dan pengembangan potensi desa; belum kuatnya manajemen organisasi yang digunakan; lemahnya aspek administrasi dan manajemen keuangan; serta belum maksimalnya strategi pemasaran yang digunakan. Aspek modal yang selama ini menjadi salah satu masalah penting bagi sebuah badan usaha sebenarnya kurang berlaku bagi mitra, karena mitra mendapat dukungan modal yang cukup besar dari penyertaan modal dari desa maupun dari pemerintah Kabupaten. Dalam mengatasi permasalahan ini, kami berusaha memberikan solusi dengan membidik aspek Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM). SDM menjadi salah satu aspek penting dalam sebuah organisasi karena SDM itulah yang menjalankan aspek lain dari sebuah organisasi. Kami berusaha menguatkan SDM organisasi mitra dengan memberikan beberapa program seperti pemberian pelatihan manajemen usaha , pelatihan pemasaran  usaha mitra  industry kuliner Jipang demi menguatkan SDM dan marketing usaha  industry Jipang milik BUMDes.
DESIGNING KANTIN KEJUJURAN CORNER AT SMP NEGERI 1 KEMANG, BOGOR REGENCY
Authors: ANDAYANI ANDAYANI , HERMAINI Budi , NOVITA Dian , HANDAYANI Monika , AISYAH Siti
Published: May 2020

Located in Tegal Village, Kemang District, Bogor Regency, SMP Negeri 1 Kemang is the only secondary school for the children from the surrounding villages. The local government has the expectation for the school to excel in various aspects, such as to develop the school to be a Secondary School with Exemplary Character. The development of Kantin Kejujuran (lit: Honesty Canteen) is expected to raise the students’ awareness of the importance of honesty. The development began in 2017, and it focused on the development of physical facilities. Along such development, initial assessment on the perception of students and teachers towards the value of honesty was conducted using the Likert scale. Open questionnaires were distributed to get the general idea of teachers and students’ expectation towards Kantin Kejujuran. In the designing process, it was found that there are similarities between the students’ and teachers’ perceptions towards the value of honesty, in which it is considered important and needs to be developed. The procedure of using Kantin Kejujuran in accordance with the characteristics of the students needed to be developed from 2018.
FORMING THE CONCEPT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT OF THE CITIZENS ‘INTELLECTUAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
Authors: Baranov Georgyi , Danylova Tetyana
Published: May 2020

This article is devoted to the process of modeling dynamic systems of city intelligent transport systems (CITS) with the help of information technologies. The proposed means of fundamentally new integrated subsystems CITS, simultaneously covers arrays of heterogeneous data and use modern neural network technologies to provide information support for the management of transport systems. The safety of the ecological state as a result of the influence of urban traffic in the conditions of industrial centers was formalized for information technologies. Descriptions are executed as mathematical models of complex particles of objects of the city intellectual transport network with the use of heterogeneous fragments. Strategies and methods of systematic management are analyzed for solving complex problems of reducing the ecological load of the city. Ontological descriptions in basic model forms that are focused on ensuring the safety and ecology of urban applications to overcome contamination, risks and threats.
This direction involves the creation of systems for automated management of transport infrastructure, which at the moment requires the solution of a range of scientific and technical tasks.The built-in neural network models of dependence will effectively solve planning problems with controlling influences on the infrastructure of urban intelligent transport systems, which will improve the characteristics of the traffic flow and reduce the environmental burden on the environment. The analysis of transport infrastructure and the activities of organizations that have a direct influence on it, has allowed us to propose a scheme for the use of heterogeneous information in the information support of the management of environmental safety and the throughput of the street-road network of urban intelligent transport systems.
Keywords: information technology, transport system, situational management, risks, models of the situation.
Endogenous Collagenases Regulate Osteoclast Fusion
Authors: Kim Hyo Jeong , Lee Youngkyun
Published: May 2020

The precise regulation of osteoclast differentiation and function is crucial for the maintenance of healthy bone. Despite several reports of collagenase expression in bone tissues, the precise isoform expression as well as the role in osteoclasts are still unclear. In the present report, the expression of matrix metalloprotease (MMP)8 and MMP13 was confirmed in mouse bone marrow macrophage osteoclast precursors. The mRNA and protein expressions of both collagenases were significantly reduced by receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) stimulation. Notably, either inhibition of MMP expression by siRNA or treatment of cells with collagenase inhibitor Ro 32-3555 significantly augmented osteoclast fusion and resorption activity without affecting the osteoclast number. The inhibition of collagenase by Ro 32-3555 increased the expression of osteoclast fusion genes, Atp6v0d2 and Dcstamp, without affecting nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) protein expression. The enhanced osteoclast fusion by collagenase inhibition appears to be mediated through an extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent pathway. Collectively, these data provide novel information on the regulation of osteoclast fusion process.
Antiviral Activities of Compounds Isolated from Pinus densiflora (Pine Tree) against the Influenza A Virus
Authors: Ha Thi Kim Quy , Lee Ba Wool , Nguyen Ngoc Hieu , Cho Hyo Moon , Venkatesan Thamizhiniyan , Doan Thi Phuong , Kim Eunhee , Oh Won Keun
Published: May 2020

Pinus densiflora was screened in an ongoing project to discover anti-influenza candidates from natural products. An extensive phytochemical investigation provided 26 compounds, including two new megastigmane glycosides (1 and 2), 21 diterpenoids (3–23), and three flavonoids (24–26). The chemical structures were elucidated by a series of chemical reactions, including modified Mosher’s analysis and various spectroscopic measurements such as LC/MS and 1D- and 2D-NMR. The anti-influenza A activities of all isolates were screened by cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assays and neuraminidase (NA) inhibition assays. Ten candidates were selected, and detailed mechanistic studies were performed by various assays, such as Western blot, immunofluorescence, real-time PCR and flow cytometry. Compound 5 exerted its antiviral activity not by direct neutralizing virion surface proteins, such as HA, but by inhibiting the expression of viral mRNA. In contrast, compound 24 showed NA inhibitory activity in a noncompetitive manner with little effect on viral mRNA expression. Interestingly, both compounds 5 and 24 were shown to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these results provide not only the chemical profiling of P. densiflora but also anti-influenza A candidates.
Opportunities for Conventional and In Situ Cancer Vaccine Strategies and Combination with Immunotherapy for Gastrointestinal Cancers, A Review
Authors: Bouzid Rachid , Peppelenbosch Maikel , Buschow Sonja I.
Published: May 2020

Survival of gastrointestinal cancer remains dismal, especially for metastasized disease. For various cancers, especially melanoma and lung cancer, immunotherapy has been proven to confer survival benefits, but results for gastrointestinal cancer have been disappointing. Hence, there is substantial interest in exploring the usefulness of adaptive immune system education with respect to anti-cancer responses though vaccination. Encouragingly, even fairly non-specific approaches to vaccination and immune system stimulation, involving for instance influenza vaccines, have shown promising results, eliciting hopes that selection of specific antigens for vaccination may prove useful for at least a subset of gastrointestinal cancers. It is widely recognized that immune recognition and initiation of responses are hampered by a lack of T cell help, or by suppressive cancer-associated factors. In this review we will discuss the hurdles that limit efficacy of conventional cancer therapeutic vaccination methods (e.g., peptide vaccines, dendritic cell vaccination). In addition, we will outline other forms of treatment (e.g., radiotherapy, chemotherapy, oncolytic viruses) that also cause the release of antigens through immunogenic tumor cell death and can thus be considered unconventional vaccination methods (i.e., in situ vaccination). Finally, we focus on the potential additive value that vaccination strategies may have for improving the effect immunotherapy. Overall, a picture will emerge that although the field has made substantial progress, successful immunotherapy through the combination with cancer antigen vaccination, including that for gastrointestinal cancers, is still in its infancy, prompting further intensification of the research effort in this respect.
Metabolic Parameters Influence Brain Infarction and Outcome after Resection of Brain Metastases
Authors: Lange Nicole , Urich Julia , Barz Melanie , Aftahy Kaywan , Wagner Arthur , Albers Lucia , Bette Stefanie , Wiestler Benedikt , Bretschneider Martin , Meyer Bernhard , Gempt Jens
Published: May 2020

Perioperative infarction in brain tumor surgery occurs in about 30–80% of cases and is strongly associated with poor patient outcomes and longer hospital stays. Risk factors contributing to postoperative brain infarction should be assessed. We retrospectively included all patients who underwent surgery for brain metastases between January 2015 and December 2017. Hemodynamic parameters were analyzed and then correlated to postoperative infarct volume and overall survival. Of 249 patients who underwent biopsy or resection of brain metastases during that time, we included 234 consecutive patients in this study. In total, 172/249 patients showed ischemic changes in postoperative magnet resonance imaging (MRI) (73%). Independent risk factors for postoperative brain infarction were perioperative blood loss (rho 0.189, p = 0.00587), blood glucose concentration (rho 0.206, p = 0.00358), blood lactate concentration (rho 0.176; p = 0.0136) and cumulative time of reduced PaCO2 (rho −0.142; p = 0.0445). Predictors for reduced overall survival were blood lactate (p = 0.007) and blood glucose levels (p = 0.032). Other hemodynamic parameters influenced neither infarct volume, nor overall survival. Intraoperative elevated lactate and glucose levels are independently associated with postoperative brain infarction in surgery of brain metastases. Furthermore, they might predict reduced overall survival after surgery. Blood loss during surgery also leads to more cerebral ischemic changes. Close perioperative monitoring of metabolism might reduce those complications.
Chemotherapeutic Agents Sensitize Resistant Cancer Cells to the DR5-Specific Variant DR5-B More Efficiently Than to TRAIL by Modulating the Surface Expression of Death and Decoy Receptors
Authors: Artykov Artem A. , Belov Dmitry A. , Shipunova Victoria O. , Trushina Daria B. , Deyev Sergey M. , Dolgikh Dmitry A. , Kirpichnikov Mikhail P. , Gasparian Marine E.
Published: May 2020

TRAIL is considered a promising antitumor agent because it causes apoptosis of transformed cells without affecting normal cells. However, many types of tumors are cytokine resistant, and combination therapy with various chemotherapeutic drugs is being developed to overcome the resistance. We have demonstrated that the combination of TRAIL with doxorubicin, bortezomib, and panobinostat dramatically reduced the viability of TRAIL-resistant A549 and HT-29 cells. Chemotherapy even more efficiently sensitized cells to the DR5-specific mutant variant of TRAIL DR5-B, which does not have an affinity for decoy receptors. Bortezomib and doxorubicin greatly enhanced the surface expression of the death receptors DR5 and DR4, while panobinostat increased expression of DR5 and suppressed expression of DR4 in both cell lines. All drugs increased surface expression of the decoy receptors DcR1 and DcR2. Unlike the combined treatment, if the cells were pretreated with chemotherapy for 24 h, the cytotoxic activity of TRAIL was less pronounced, while sequential treatment of cells enhanced the effectiveness of DR5-B. The same results were obtained with agonistic anti-DR5 antibodies. Thus, the effectiveness of TRAIL was rather limited due to changes in the ratio of death and decoy receptors and DR5-specific agonists may be preferred in combination antitumor therapy regimens.
Differential B-Cell Receptor Signaling Requirement for Adhesion of Mantle Cell Lymphoma Cells to Stromal Cells
Authors: Sadeghi Laia , Arvidsson Gustav , Merrien Magali , Wasik Agata M. , Görgens André , Smith C.I. Edvard , Sander Birgitta , P. Wright Anthony
Published: May 2020

Interactions between lymphoma cells and stromal cells play a key role in promoting tumor survival and development of drug resistance. We identified differences in key signaling pathways between the JeKo-1 and REC-1 mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cell lines, displaying different patterns of stromal cell adhesion and chemotaxis towards stroma-conditioned medium. The identified adhesion-regulated genes reciprocated important aspects of microenvironment-mediated gene modulation in MCL patients. Five-hundred and ninety genes were differently regulated between the cell lines upon adhesion to stromal cells, while 32 genes were similarly regulated in both cell lines. Regulation of B-cell Receptor (BCR) signature genes in adherent cells was specific for JeKo-1. Inhibition of BCR using siRNA or clinically approved inhibitors, Ibrutinib and Acalabrutinib, decreased adhesion of JeKo-1, but not REC-1 cells. Cell surface levels of chemokine receptor CXCR4 were higher in JeKo-1, facilitating migration and adhesion of JeKo-1 but not REC-1 cells. Surface levels of ICAM1 adhesion protein differ for REC-1 and JeKo-1. While ICAM1 played a positive role in adherence of both cell lines to stromal cells, S1PR1 had an inhibitory effect. Our results provide a model framework for further investigation of mechanistic differences in patient-response to new pathway-specific drugs.
In Vitro Organotypic Systems to Model Tumor Microenvironment in Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-Related Cancers
Authors: De Gregorio Vincenza , Urciuolo Francesco , Netti Paolo Antonio , Imparato Giorgia
Published: May 2020

Despite the well-known role of chronic human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in causing tumors (i.e., all cervical cancers and other human malignancies from the mucosal squamous epithelia, including anogenital and oropharyngeal cavity), its persistence is not sufficient for cancer development. Other co-factors contribute to the carcinogenesis process. Recently, the critical role of the underlying stroma during the HPV life cycle and HPV-induced disease have been investigated. The tumor stroma is a key component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is a specialized entity. The TME is dynamic, interactive, and constantly changing—able to trigger, support, and drive tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. In previous years, in vitro organotypic raft cultures and in vivo genetically engineered mouse models have provided researchers with important information on the interactions between HPVs and the epithelium. Further development for an in-depth understanding of the interaction between HPV-infected tissue and the surrounding microenvironment is strongly required. In this review, we critically describe the HPV-related cancers modeled in vitro from the simplified ‘raft culture’ to complex three-dimensional (3D) organotypic models, focusing on HPV-associated cervical cancer disease platforms. In addition, we review the latest knowledge in the field of in vitro culture systems of HPV-associated malignancies of other mucosal squamous epithelia (anogenital and oropharynx), as well as rare cutaneous non-melanoma associated cancer.
Decreased Activity of Circulating Butyrylcholinesterase in Blood Is an Independent Prognostic Marker in Pancreatic Cancer Patients
Authors: Klocker Eva Valentina , Barth Dominik Andreas , Riedl Jakob Michael , Prinz Felix , Szkandera Joanna , Schlick Konstantin , Kornprat Peter , Lackner Karoline , Lindenmann Jörg , Stöger Herbert , Stotz Michael , Gerger Armin , Pichler Martin
Published: May 2020

Introduction: The activity of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in blood reflects liver function and has recently been associated with systemic inflammatory response and tumor cachexia. As these conditions have been previously linked with pancreatic cancer (PC), the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of plasma BChE in PC. Methods: Data from 574 consecutive PC patients, treated between 2004 and 2018 at a single academic center, was evaluated. The primary endpoint was cancer-specific survival (CSS), analyzed by Kaplan–Meier curve, and both univariate and multivariate Cox proportional models. Results: BChE activity negatively correlated with other liver parameters (bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and C-reactive protein (CRP)), and positively correlated with albumin levels, respectively (p < 0.01). In univariate analysis, a low plasma BChE activity was a factor of poor CSS (hazard ratio: 1.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.129–1.754, p = 0.002). In multivariate analysis, tumor stage, tumor grade, administration of chemotherapy, bilirubin levels and a low BChE activity (hazard ratio: 1.42, 95% confidence interval: 1.10–1.82; p = 0.006) were identified as independent prognostic factors. Conclusion: Decreased activity of BChE in blood plasma predicts shorter survival time in PC patients. Therefore, BChE might be helpful in additional stratification of patients into different prognostic risk groups.
Extracellular Vesicle Delivery of TRAIL Eradicates Resistant Tumor Growth in Combination with CDK Inhibition by Dinaciclib
Authors: Ke Changhong , Hou Huan , Li Jiayu , Su Kui , Huang Chaohong , Lin Yue , Lu Zhiqiang , Du Zhiyun , Tan Wen , Yuan Zhengqiang
Published: May 2020

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising anti-cancer agent that rapidly induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Unfortunately, the clinical application of recombinant TRAIL (rTRAIL) has been hampered by its common cancer resistance. Naturally TRAIL is delivered as a membrane-bound form by extracellular vesicles (EV-T) and is highly efficient for apoptosis induction. SCH727965 (dinaciclib), a potent cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, was shown to synergize with other drugs to get better efficacy. However, it has never been investigated if dinaciclib coordinates with EV-T to enhance therapeutic results. This study explores the potential of combination therapy with EV-T and dinaciclib for cancer treatment. EV-T was successfully derived from human TRAIL transduced cells and shown to partially overcome resistance of A549 cells. Dinaciclib was shown to drastically enhance EV-T killing effects on cancer lines that express good levels of death receptor (DR) 5, which are associated with suppression of CDK1, CDK9 and anti-apoptotic proteins. Combination therapy with low doses of EV-T and dinaciclib induced strikingly enhanced apoptosis and led to complete regression in A549 tumors without any adverse side effects observed in a subcutaneous xenograft model. Tumor infiltration of mass NK cells and macrophages was also observed. These observations thus indicate that the combination of EV-T with dinaciclib is a potential novel therapy for highly effective and safe cancer treatment.
Evolution of Polyphenolic Compounds and Sensory Properties of Wines Obtained from Grenache Grapes Treated by Pulsed Electric Fields during Aging in Bottles and in Oak Barrels
Authors: Maza Marcos Andrés , Martínez Juan Manuel , Cebrián Guillermo , Sánchez-Gimeno Ana Cristina , Camargo Alejandra , Álvarez Ignacio , Raso Javier
Published: May 2020

The evolution of polyphenolic compounds and sensory properties of wines obtained from Grenache grapes, either untreated or treated with pulsed electric fields (PEF), in the course of bottle aging, as well as during oak aging followed by bottle aging, were compared. Immediately prior to aging in bottles or in barrels, enological parameters that depend on phenolic extraction during skin maceration were higher when grapes had been treated with PEF. In terms of color intensity, phenolic families, and individual phenols, the wine obtained with grapes treated by PEF followed an evolution similar to untreated control wine in the course of aging. Sensory analysis revealed that the application of a PEF treatment resulted in wines that are sensorially different: panelists preferred wines obtained from grapes treated with PEF. Physicochemical and sensory analyses showed that grapes treated with PEF are suitable for obtaining wines that require aging in bottles or in oak barrels.
Development of Fish Oil-Loaded Microcapsules Containing Whey Protein Hydrolysate as Film-Forming Material for Fortification of Low-Fat Mayonnaise
Authors: Rahmani-Manglano Nor E. , González-Sánchez Irene , García-Moreno Pedro J. , Espejo-Carpio F. Javier , Jacobsen Charlotte , Guadix Emilia M.
Published: May 2020

The influence of the carbohydrate-based wall matrix (glucose syrup, GS, and maltodextrin, MD21) and the storage temperature (4 °C or 25 °C) on the oxidative stability of microencapsulated fish oil was studied. The microcapsules (ca. 13 wt% oil load) were produced by spray-drying emulsions stabilized with whey protein hydrolysate (WPH), achieving high encapsulation efficiencies (>97%). Both encapsulating materials showed an increase in the oxidation rate with the storage temperature. The GS-based microcapsules presented the highest oxidative stability regardless of the storage temperature with a peroxide value (PV) of 3.49 ± 0.25 meq O2/kg oil and a content of 1-penten-3-ol of 48.06 ± 9.57 ng/g oil after six weeks of storage at 4 °C. Moreover, low-fat mayonnaise enriched with GS-based microcapsules loaded with fish oil and containing WPH as a film-forming material (M-GS) presented higher oxidative stability after one month of storage when compared to low-fat mayonnaise enriched with either a 5 wt% fish oil-in-water emulsion stabilized with WPH or neat fish oil. This was attributed to a higher protective effect of the carbohydrate wall once the microcapsules were incorporated into the mayonnaise matrix.
Seasonal Effect on the Chemical Composition, Insecticidal Properties and Other Biological Activities of Zanthoxylum leprieurii Guill. & Perr. Essential Oils
Authors: Tanoh Evelyne Amenan , Boué Guy Blanchard , Nea Fatimata , Genva Manon , Wognin Esse Leon , Ledoux Allison , Martin Henri , Tonzibo Zanahi Felix , Frederich Michel , Fauconnier Marie-Laure
Published: May 2020

This study focused, for the first time, on the evaluation of the seasonal effect on the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils hydrodistillated from leaves, trunk bark and fruits of Zanthoxylum leprieurii (Z. leprieurii), a traditional medicinal wild plant growing in Côte d’Ivoire. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation from fresh organs of Z. leprieurii growing on the same site over several months using a Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Leaf essential oils were dominated by tridecan-2-one (9.00 ± 0.02–36.80 ± 0.06%), (E)-β-ocimene (1.30 ± 0.50–23.57 ± 0.47%), β-caryophyllene (7.00 ± 1.02–19.85 ± 0.48%), dendrolasin (1.79 ± 0.08–16.40 ± 0.85%) and undecan-2-one (1.20 ± 0.03–8.51 ± 0.35%). Fruit essential oils were rich in β-myrcene (16.40 ± 0.91–48.27 ± 0.26%), citronellol (1.90 ± 0.02–28.24 ± 0.10%) and geranial (5.30 ± 0.53–12.50 ± 0.47%). Tridecan-2-one (45.26 ± 0.96–78.80 ± 0.55%), β-caryophyllene (1.80 ± 0.23–13.20 ± 0.33%), α-humulene (4.30 ± 1.09–12.73 ± 1.41%) and tridecan-2-ol (2.23 ± 0.17–10.10 ± 0.61%) were identified as major components of trunk bark oils. Statistical analyses of essential oil compositions showed that the variability mainly comes from the organs. Indeed, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) allowed us to cluster the samples into three groups, each one consisting of one different Z. leprieurii organ, showing that essential oils hydrodistillated from the different organs do not display the same chemical composition. However, significant differences in essential oil compositions for the same organ were highlighted during the studied period, showing the impact of the seasonal effect on essential oil compositions. Biological activities of the produced essential oils were also investigated. Essential oils exhibited high insecticidal activities against Sitophilus granarius, as well as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and moderate anti-plasmodial properties.
Development and Application of a Novel Pluri-Residue Method to Determine Polar Pesticides in Fruits and Vegetables through Liquid Chromatography High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Manzano-Sánchez Lorena , Martínez-Martínez José Antonio , Domínguez Irene , Martínez Vidal José Luis , Frenich Antonia Garrido , Romero-González Roberto
Published: May 2020

Nowadays, highly polar pesticides are not included in multiresidue methods due to their physico-chemical characteristics and therefore, specific analytical methodologies are required for their analysis. Laboratories are still looking for a pluri-residue method that encompasses the largest number of polar pesticides. The aim of this work was the simultaneous determination of ethephon, 2-hydroxyethylphosphonic acid (HEPA), fosetyl aluminum, glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), N-acetyl-glyphosate and N-acetyl-AMPA in tomatoes, oranges, aubergines and grapes. For that purpose, an ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to a high resolution single mass spectrometer Orbitrap-MS were used. Different stationary phases were evaluated for chromatographic separation, and among them, the stationary phase Torus DEA provided the best separation of the selected compounds. The QuPPe method was used for the extraction of the analytes, but slight modifications were needed depending on the matrix. The developed method was validated, observing matrix effect in all matrices. Intra- and inter-day precision were estimated, and relative standard deviation were lower than 19%. Recoveries were satisfactory, and mean values ranged from 70% to 110%. Limits of quantification were between 25 and 100 µg kg−1. Finally, the analytical method was applied to different fruits and vegetables (oranges, tomatoes, aubergines and grapes).
Exploring the Scientific Interest for Olive Oil Origin: A Bibliometric Study from 1991 to 2018
Authors: Maléchaux Astrid , Le Dréau Yveline , Artaud Jacques , Dupuy Nathalie
Published: May 2020

The authenticity and traceability of olive oils have been a growing concern over the past decades, generating numerous scientific studies. This article applies the tools of bibliometric analyses to explore the evolution and strategic orientation of the research focused on olive oil geographical and varietal origins. A corpus of 732 papers published in 178 different journals between 1991 and 2018 was considered. The most productive journals, authors and countries are highlighted, as well as the most cited articles associated with specific analytical techniques. A cluster analysis on the keywords generates 8 main themes of research, each focused on different analytical techniques or compounds of interest. A network between these thematic clusters and the main authors indicates their area of expertise. The metabolomics methods are drawing increasing interest and studies focused on the relationships between the origin and the sensory or nutritional properties provided by minor compounds of olive oils appear to be future lines of research.
New Edible Packaging Material with Function in Shelf Life Extension: Applications for the Meat and Cheese Industries
Authors: Gheorghita (Puscaselu) Roxana , Amariei Sonia , Norocel Liliana , Gutt Gheorghe
Published: May 2020

Nowadays, biopolymer films have gained notoriety among the packaging materials. Some studies clearly test their effectiveness for certain periods of time, with applicability in the food industry. This research has been carried out in two directions. Firstly, the development and testing of the new edible material: general appearance, thickness, retraction ratio, color, transmittance, microstructure, roughness, and porosity, as well as mechanical and solubility tests. Secondly, testing of the packaged products—slices of cheese and prosciutto—in the new material and their maintenance at refrigeration conditions for 5 months; thus, the peroxide index, color, and water activity index were evaluated for the packaged products. The results emphasize that the packaging is a lipophilic one and does not allow wetting or any changes in the food moisture. The results indicate the stability of the parameters within three months and present the changes occurring within the fourth and fifth months. Microbiological tests indicated an initial microbial growth, both for cheese slices and ham slices. Time testing indicated a small increase in the total count number over the 5-month period: 23 cfu/g were found of fresh slices of prosciutto and 27 cfu/g in the case of the packaged ones; for slices of cheese, the total count of microorganisms indicated 7 cfu/g in the initial stage and 11 cfu/g after 5 months. The results indicate that the film did not facilitate the growth of the existing microorganisms, and highlight the need to purchase food from safe places, especially in the case of raw-dried products that have not undergone heat treatment, which may endanger the health of the consumer. The new material tested represents a promising substitute for commercial and unsustainable plastic packaging.
Recovery of Bioactive Compounds from Unripe Red Grapes (cv. Sangiovese) through a Green Extraction
Authors: Fia Giovanna , Bucalossi Ginevra , Gori Claudio , Borghini Francesca , Zanoni Bruno
Published: May 2020

Unripe grapes are a potential source of bioactive compounds which can exert antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. However, very little information is available about the composition of unripe grapes extracts and their extraction techniques. This study aims to evaluate the recovery of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity of the extract from unripe Sangiovese grapes obtained at an industrial-scale and the composition of the extract during processing. The extraction yield was approximately 75%. During the extraction, the total phenol (TP), antioxidant activity (AA) total anthocyanin (TAnt), pantothenic acid and choline content significantly increased. High concentrations of TP (2522 mgCATeq/L), AA (8227 μmolTEAC/L) and total water-soluble vitamins (1397 μg/L) were reached at the end of process. The antioxidant activity of the extract was positively correlated with all the phenol compounds and the highest correlations were found with procyanidin B1 (r = 0.994; p-value < 0.004), procyanidin B2 (r = 0.989; p-value < 0.004), kaempferol 3-O-glucoside (r = 0.995; p-value < 0.004) and quercetin 3-O-hexoside (r = 0.995; p-value < 0.071). Our findings contribute to the knowledge of the bioactive composition of unripe grapes. An efficient industrial-scale “green” extraction method, ready to be transferred to the wine sector, was developed to obtain a safe extract with a high concentration of bioactive compounds.
Effects of Thawing and Frying Methods on the Formation of Acrylamide and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Chicken Meat
Authors: Lee Jong-Sun , Han Ji-Won , Jung Munyhung , Lee Kwang-Won , Chung Myung-Sub
Published: May 2020

Air frying is commonly used as a substitute for deep-fat frying. However, few studies have examined the effect of air frying on the formation of potential carcinogens in foodstuffs. This study aimed to investigate the formation of acrylamide and four types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air-fried and deep-fat-fried chicken breasts, thighs, and wings thawed using different methods, i.e., by using a microwave or a refrigerator, or by water immersion. The acrylamide and PAHs were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. Deep-fat-fried chicken meat had higher acrylamide (n.d.–6.19 μg/kg) and total PAH (2.64–3.17 μg/kg) air-fried chicken meat (n.d.–3.49 μg/kg and 1.96–2.71 μg/kg). However, the thawing method did not significantly affect the formation of either acrylamide or PAHs. No significant differences in the acrylamide contents were observed among the chicken meat parts, however, the highest PAH contents were found in chicken wings. Thus, the results demonstrated that air frying could reduce the formation of acrylamide and PAHs in chicken meat in comparison with deep-fat frying.
Effects of Traditional Processing Techniques on the Nutritional and Microbiological Quality of Four Edible Insect Species Used for Food and Feed in East Africa
Authors: Nyangena Dorothy N. , Mutungi Christopher , Imathiu Samuel , Kinyuru John , Affognon Hippolyte , Ekesi Sunday , Nakimbugwe Dorothy , Fiaboe Komi K. M.
Published: May 2020

Edible insects are increasingly being considered as food and feed ingredients because of their rich nutrient content. Already, edible insect farming has taken-off in Africa, but quality and safety concerns call for simple, actionable hazard control mechanisms. We examined the effects of traditional processing techniques—boiling, toasting, solar-drying, oven-drying, boiling + oven-drying, boiling + solar-drying, toasting + oven-drying, toasting + solar-drying—on the proximate composition and microbiological quality of adult Acheta domesticus and Ruspolia differens, the prepupae of Hermetia illucens and 5th instar larvae of Spodoptera littoralis. Boiling, toasting, and drying decreased the dry matter crude fat by 0.8–51% in the order: toasting > boiling > oven-drying > solar-drying, whereas the protein contents increased by 1.2–22% following the same order. Boiling and toasting decreased aerobic mesophilic bacterial populations, lowered Staphylococcus aureus, and eliminated the yeasts and moulds, Lac+ enteric bacteria, and Salmonella. Oven-drying alone marginally lowered bacterial populations as well as yeast and moulds, whereas solar-drying alone had no effect on these parameters. Oven-drying of the boiled or toasted products increased the aerobic mesophilic bacteria counts but the products remained negative on Lac+ enteric bacteria and Salmonella. Traditional processing improves microbial safety but alters the nutritional value. Species- and treatment-specific patterns exist.
Effect of Diet on the Vitamin B Profile of Bovine Milk-Based Protein Ingredients
Authors: Magan Jonathan B. , O’Callaghan Tom F. , Zheng Jiamin , Zhang Lun , Mandal Rupasri , Hennessy Deirdre , Fenelon Mark A. , Wishart David S. , Kelly Alan L. , McCarthy Noel A.
Published: May 2020

The influence of diet on the water-soluble vitamin composition of skim milk powder and whey protein ingredients produced from the milk of cows fed pasture or concentrate-based diets was examined. Fifty-one Holstein-Friesian cows were randomly assigned into three diets (n = 17) consisting of outdoor grazing of perennial ryegrass (GRS), perennial ryegrass/white clover (CLV), or indoor feeding of total mixed ration (TMR) for an entire lactation. Raw mid-lactation milk from each group was processed into skim milk powder and further processed to yield micellar casein whey and acid whey. Sweet whey was also produced by renneting of pasteurised whole milk from each system. The water-soluble vitamin profile of each sample was analysed using a combination of direct injection mass spectrometry and reverse-phase liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Vitamin B3 and B3-amide concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in TMR-derived samples than in those from CLV and GRS, respectively. Vitamin B1, B2, and B7 concentrations were significantly higher in GRS and CLV-derived samples than those from TMR. Significant differences in vitamins B1, B2, and B3-amide were also observed between protein ingredient types. This study indicates that bovine feeding systems have a significant effect on B vitamin composition across a range of protein ingredient types.
Novel Technologies for Preserving Ricotta Cheese: Effects of Ultraviolet and Near-Ultraviolet–Visible Light
Authors: Ricciardi Emilio Francesco , Pedros-Garrido Selene , Papoutsis Kostas , Lyng James G. , Conte Amalia , Del Nobile Matteo A.
Published: May 2020

Ricotta cheese is a potential growth medium for a wide range of microorganisms. The aim of the current study was to investigate the efficacy of ultraviolet (UV-C) and near-ultraviolet–visible light (NUV–vis) in microbial decontamination of ricotta artificially inoculated with Pseudomonas fluorescens. Cheese samples were stored at 4 °C, and microbiological and sensory analyses were performed for 9 days. From the microbiological point of view, control samples became unacceptable after less than 5 days, whereas ricotta treated by both UV-C and NUV–vis light remained acceptable for more than 6 days. Similar effects of UV-C and NUV–vis light were also recorded in terms of sensory quality. The shelf life of the samples subjected to the treatments was thus extended by 50%, suggesting the potential application of UV-C and NUV–vis light for cheese decontamination.
Influence of Processing Conditions on the Flavor Profiles of Mulberry (Morus alba Linn) Fruits Using Instrumental Flavor Analysis and Descriptive Sensory Analysis
Authors: Hwang In-Seo , Kim Mina K.
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of drying method on flavor profiles of mulberry fruit using purge and trap (P&T) flavor extraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and descriptive sensory analysis using a highly trained sensory panel. Mulberry fruit samples were prepared at different temperatures (−20, 0, 50, and 60 °C). The results showed that more diverse volatile compound profiles were produced overall and had increased levels of benzaldehyde, nonanal, and 3,3-dimethylhexane in Sample 3 and 4, which were dried at higher temperature (50 °C and 60 °C). The mulberry fruit samples that received heat treatment had higher grape juice, raisin, and sour aromatics, while samples that did not received heat treatment were characterized as having cucumber, green/grassy, and sweet aromatics.
The Interaction of Type Ia Supernovae with Planetary Nebulae: The Case of Kepler’s Supernova Remnant
Authors: Chiotellis A. , Boumis P. , Spetsieri Z. T.
Published: May 2020

One of the key methods for determining the unknown nature of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is the search for traces of interaction between the SN ejecta and the circumstellar structures at the resulting supernova remnants (SNRs Ia). So far, the observables that we receive from well-studied SNRs Ia cannot be explained self-consistently by any model presented in the literature. In this study, we suggest that the circumstellar medium (CSM) being observed to surround several SNRs Ia was mainly shaped by planetary nebulae (PNe) that originated from one or both progenitor stars. Performing two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations, we show that the ambient medium shaped by PNe can account for several properties of the CSM that have been found to surround SNe Ia and their remnants. Finally, we model Kepler’s SNR considering that the SN explosion occurred inside a bipolar PN. Our simulations show good agreement with the observed morphological and kinematic properties of Kepler’s SNR. In particular, our model reproduces the current expansion parameter of Kepler’s SNR, the partial interaction of the remnant with a dense CSM at its northern region and finally the existence of two opposite protrusions (‘ears’) at the equatorial plane of the SNR.