bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Candidate Species for Florida Aquaculture: Pigfish, Orthropristis chrysoptera
Authors: Cassiano Eric J. , Ohs Cortney L. , Hill Jeff E.
Published: March 2022

FA160, a 6-page illustrated fact sheet by Eric J. Cassiano, Cortney L. Ohs, and Jeff E. Hill, describes this member of the grunt family that is rated as a top species for baitfish aquaculture — general description, geographic distribution and habitat, natural history, and culture techniques. Includes references. Published by the UF School of Forest Resources and Conservation Program in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, December 2009.
FA160/FA160: Candidate Species for Florida Aquaculture: Pigfish, Orthropristis chrysoptera (ufl.edu)
Use of Ovaprim in Ornamental Fish Aquaculture
Authors: Yanong Roy P. , Martinez Carlos , Watson Craig A.
Published: March 2022

FA161, an 8-page illustrated fact sheet by Roy P. E. Yanong, Carlos Martinez, and Craig A. Watson, explains for ornamental fish producers the mode of action and considerations for the use of ovaprim, a hormone product used as a spawning aid. Includes references. Published by the UF Program in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, December 2009.
FA161/FA161: Use of Ovaprim in Ornamental Fish Aquaculture (ufl.edu)
Es la industria del cáñamo viable para el futuro de la Florida?
Authors: Blare Trent , Rivera Martha , Ballen Fredy , Brym Zachary , Contreras Victor
Published: March 2022

El creciente incremento de la competencia extranjera e incidencia de plagas ha hecho que muchos agricultores de Florida se pregunten acerca de la rentabilidad de cultivos tradicionales como tomate, cítricos y aguacate. El cáñamo industrial se presenta como una alternativa viable para estos productores desde que, en el año 2018, la ley agrícola permitió su producción. Para ayudar a la industria a madurar es necesaria una mejor coordinación entre los reguladores, procesadores, instituciones financieras, programas de investigación y extensión, y el sector de venta minorista para crear confianza, así como ajustar políticas y procedimientos para disminuir el costo de transacción a lo largo de la cadena de suministro; con esto se podría asegurar que los productores, industria relacionada y consumidores se beneficien de este mercado emergente. En el presente artículo se examina la cadena de valor del cáñamo enfocada en las oportunidades de mercado en Florida.
Economic Contributions of Florida's Agricultural, Natural Resource, Food and Kindred Product Manufacturing and Distribution, and Service Industries in 2008
Authors: Hodges Alan W. , Rahmani Mohammad
Published: March 2022

FE829, a 21-page illustrated report by Alan W. Hodges and Mohammad Rahmani, provides estimates of these industries’ economic contributions to Florida in 2008. Published by the UF Department of Food and Resource Economics, February 2010.
Structure Overview of the Florida Citrus Industry in 2009
Authors: Morris Robert A.
Published: March 2022

FE832, a 7-page illustrated fact sheet by Robert A. Morris, provide readers an understanding of the Florida citrus industry and how it functions. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Food and Resource Economics, March 2010.
Vida Saludable: Cambiando su estilo de vida para mejorar su presión arterial
Authors: Shelnutt Karla P.
Published: March 2022

FCS8885-Span, a 2-page fact sheet by Karla P. Shelnutt, is the Spanish language version of FCS8885/FY1129 Healthy Living: Changing Your Lifestyle to Improve Your Blood Pressure. It highlights some lifestyle changes that can help control or prevent high blood pressure — losing weight, increasing physical activity, limiting alcohol consumption, and stopping smoking. Published by the UF Department of Family Youth and Community Sciences, November 2009.
Minority Women, Media, and Body Image
Authors: Martin Carolyn L. , Baugh Eboni J.
Published: March 2022

FCS2301, a 3-page fact sheet by Carolyn L. Martin and Eboni J. Baugh, investigates the myriad effects of media on minority women’s self-perception and body image, as well as provide tips on combating negative imagery so that young women may positively enhance their view of themselves. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Family Youth and Community Sciences, November 2009.
Raising Healthy Children: Introducing New Foods to Your Preschooler
Authors: Martinez Julie M. , Shelnutt Karla P.
Published: March 2022

FCS8891, a 3-page illustrated fact sheet by Julie M. Martinez and Karla P. Shelnutt, discusses different ways to encourage children to try and accept new foods. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Family Youth and Community Sciences, January 2010.
Raising Healthy Children: Family Fitness
Authors: Chan Lisa D. , Shelnutt Karla P.
Published: March 2022

FCS8892, a 3-page illustrated fact sheet by Lisa D. Chan and Karla P. Shelnutt, addresses the obesity epidemic, the benefits of physical activity for children and adults and how to work physical activity into family lifestyle. Published by the UF Department of Family Youth and Community Sciences, January 2010.
Revised October 2013 with Ashley Hamm.
FCS8892/FY1143: Raising Healthy Children: Family Fitness (ufl.edu)
Guía para la Utilización Exitosa del Compost en la Producción de Hortalizas
Authors: Ozores-Hampton Mónica , Asmad Brain
Published: March 2022

HS1161, a 7-page Spanish-language fact sheet by Mónica Ozores-Hampton and Brain Asmad, provides a guide to the successful use of compost to produce vegetables. Published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, March 2010.
Rove Beetles of Florida, Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)
Authors: Frank J. Howard , Thomas Michael C.
Published: March 2022

Revised! EENY115, a 13-page illustrated fact sheet by J. Howard Frank and Michael C. Thomas, is part of the Featured Creatures collection. It introduces the Florida representatives of this large, diverse, and important family of beetles — description, life cycle and habits, and subfamilies in Florida. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, January 2010.
EENY115/IN272: Rove Beetles of Florida, Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) (ufl.edu)
Buck moth Hemileuca maia (Drury)
Authors: Scott Clare , Kaufman Phillip E.
Published: March 2022

EENY464, a 6-page illustrated fact sheet by Clare Scott and Phillip E. Kaufman, is part of the Featured Creatures collection. It describes this moth in the giant silkworm family, the larvae of which has stinging spines — synonymy, distribution, description, life cycle, hosts, and medical importance. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, November 2009.
EENY464/IN834: Buck moth Hemileuca maia (Drury) (ufl.edu)
Myakka bug, Ischnodemus variegatus (Signoret) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Blissidae)
Authors: Montemayor Cecil O. , Diaz Rodrigo , Overholt William A. , Hodges Amanda
Published: March 2022

EENY471, a 6-page illustrated fact sheet by Cecil O. Montemayor, Rodrigo Diaz, William A. Overholt, and Amanda Hodges, is part of the Featured Creatures collection. It describes this newly introduced exotic insect species hosted by the invasive West Indian marsh grass, Hymenachne amplexicaulis — synonymy, description, life cycle and biology, damage, economic importance, and natural enemies. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, February 2010.
EENY471/IN842: Myakka Bug, Ischnodemus variegatus (Signoret) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Blissidae) (ufl.edu)
Blueberry Bud Mite, Acalitus vaccinii (Keifer) on Southern Highbush Blueberry in Florida
Authors: Weibelzahl Elke , Liburd Oscar E.
Published: March 2022

ENY858, a 3-page illustrated fact sheet by Elke Weibelzahl and Oscar E. Liburd, provides a guideline for the recognition and control of this mite (BBM) that is an important pest of Lowbush, highbush, and Rabbiteye blueberries in Florida. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, January 2010.
ENY-858/IN844: Blueberry Bud Mite, Acalitus vaccini (Keifer) on Southern Highbush Blueberry in Florida (ufl.edu)
Bee louse, bee fly, braulid, Braula coeca Nitzsch (Insecta: Diptera: Braulidae)
Authors: Ellis James D. , Nalen C.M. Zettel
Published: March 2022

EENY472, a 3-page illustrated fact sheet by James D. Ellis and C.M. Zettel Nalen, is part of the Featured Creatures collection. It describes this wingless fly that lives as a commensalist in western honeybee colonies — distribution, description, life cycle and behavior and management. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, April 2010.
EENY472/IN845: Bee Louse, Bee Fly, Braulid, Braula coeca Nitzsch (Insecta: Diptera: Braulidae) (ufl.edu)
Weed Hosts of Root-Knot Nematodes Common to Florida
Authors: Rich Jimmy R. , Brito Janete , Ferrell Jason , Kaur Ramandeep
Published: March 2022

ENY-060, a 7-page illustrated fact sheet by Jim Rich, Janete Brito, Jay Ferrell, and Ramandeep Kaur, discusses the importance of weeds as nematode hosts, and how knowledge of symptomatic weed hosts can monitor fields for nematodes. Includes a table of selected Florida weeds occurring as hosts of root-knot nematodes. Published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, April 2010.
Common Vaccine Myths
Authors: Lobean McKinley Kelley , Berryman Meghan A. , Jones Melissa K. , Drew Jennifer C.
Published: March 2022

In this publication, five of the most common vaccine myths are discussed and dispelled. Written by Kelley Lobean McKinley, Meghan A. Berryman, Melissa K. Jones, and Jennifer C. Drew, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, March 2022.
Homeowner Fact Sheet: Citrus Canker
Authors: Dewdney Megan M. , Roberts Pamela D. , Graham James H. , Chung Kuang-Ren , Zekri Mongi
Published: March 2022

Revised! PP194, a 4-page illustrated fact sheet by M.M. Dewdney, P.D. Roberts, J.H. Graham, K.R. Chung, and M. Zekri, informs homeowners about this serious disease of citrus, its history, symptoms, spread, and control strategies. Published by the UF Department of Plant Pathology, October 2009.
PP194/PP116: Homeowner Fact Sheet: Citrus Canker (ufl.edu)
Sugarcane Plant Nutrient Diagnosis
Authors: McCray J. Mabry , Rice Ronald W. , Ezenwa Ike V. , Lang Timothy A. , Baucum Les
Published: March 2022

Revised! SS-AGR-128, a 14-page illustrated fact sheet by J. Mabry McCray, Ronald W. Rice, Ike V. Ezenwa, Timothy A. Lang, and Les Baucum, assists sugarcane growers make improved decisions regarding fertilization through the use of leaf nutrient analysis along with visual evaluation of malnutrition symptoms to complement a soil testing program. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Agronomy, December 2009.
SS-AGR-128/SC075: Sugarcane Plant Nutrient Diagnosis (ufl.edu)
Scientific Framework for Managing Urban Natural Areas
Authors: Mazzotti Frank J. , Morganstern Carol
Published: March 2022

The purposes of this paper are: to present a scientific framework for managing urban natural areas; to discuss general ecological issues and management concerns identified from our early efforts at applying this approach to Broward County ESL sites; and to discuss the Pine Island Ridge ESL site as a case study.
Ten Tips for Encouraging the Use of Your Pine Plantations By Game Species
Authors: Ober Holly K. , Rosenthal Stanton , Sheftall William
Published: March 2022

WEC273, a 4-page fact sheet by Holly K. Ober, Stanton Rosenthal, and William Sheftall, provides brief tips for making pine plantations more suitable for game species. Includes additional sources of information. Published by the UF Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, December 2009.
WEC273/UW318: Ten Tips for Encouraging the Use of Your Pine Plantations by Game Species (ufl.edu)
Ten Tips for Increasing Wildlife Biodiversity in Your Pine Plantations
Authors: Ober Holly K. , Rosenthal Stanton , Sheftall William
Published: March 2022

WEC274, a 4-page fact sheet by Holly K. Ober, Stanton Rosenthal, and William Sheftall, discusses strategies forest landowners may adopt to provide habitat that will attract a diversity of wildlife species to their land. Includes additional sources of information. Published by the UF Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, December 2009.
WEC274/UW319: Ten Tips for Increasing Wildlife Biodiversity in Your Pine Plantations (ufl.edu)
Conservation Subdivision: Design Phase – Location of Conserved Open Spaces
Authors: Hostetler Mark E.
Published: March 2022

WEC276, a 5-page illustrated fact sheet by Mark Hostetler, focuses on decisions made in the design phase — what percentage of the site will be conserved as open space and where to locate it so as to maximize biodiversity values. Includes additional resources. Published by the UF Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, December 2009.
WEC276/UW321: Conservation Subdivision: Design Phase—Location of Conserved Open Spaces (ufl.edu)
Wild Hogs in Florida: Ecology and Management
Authors: Giuliano William M.
Published: March 2022

WEC277, an 11-page illustrated fact sheet by William M. Giuliano, provides an overview of wild hogs in Florida — history, distribution, description, habitat relationships, general biology, problems, management, hunting, and other control measures. Published by the UF Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, March 2010.
Birds in the ‘Burbs’: Do migratory birds prefer urban forest fragments or residential yards?
Authors: Byron Ryan , Hostetler Mark , Andreu Michael
Published: March 2022

During migration, birds travel from their northern breeding grounds to their southern wintering grounds and vice versa. To understand which urban habitats are valuable for specific migratory species, we compared the diversity of migratory bird species that used urban forest fragments vs residential areas with tree canopy in Gainesville, Florida. Study results summarized in this fact sheet can help inform urban planners, developers, and homeowners about vegetation migratory birds use. Conservation of large, forested areas is important, but fragmented landscapes are not useless, and conserving urban forest fragments and trees in residential areas is also important for bird conservation.
Evaluation Situations, Stakeholders & Strategies
Authors: Israel Glenn , Diehl David , Galindo-Gonzalez Sebastian
Published: March 2022

WC090, a 4-page illustrated fact sheet by Glenn Israel, David Diehl, and Sebastian Galindo-Gonzalez, provides guidelines for extension faculty to tailor their evaluation activities to balance their available time and resources with the situation, as well as their individual and stakeholders’ needs. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, November 2009.
WC090/WC090: Evaluation Situations, Stakeholders & Strategies (ufl.edu)
Weed Control in Beans and Peas (Bush, Pole, Lima Beans, English Peas, and Southern Peas)
Authors: Stall William M.
Published: March 2022

Revised! HS188, a 5-page fact sheet by William M. Stall, provides updated recommendations for weed control in beans and peas. Published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, March 2010.
HS188/WG025: Weed Management in Bean and Pea (Bush, Pole, Lima Bean, English Pea, and Southern Pea) (ufl.edu)
Weed Control in Celery
Authors: Stall William M.
Published: March 2022

Revised! HS202, a 3-page fact sheet by William M. Stall, provides updated recommendations for weed control in celery. Published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, March 2010.
HS202/WG027: Weed Management in Celery (ufl.edu)
Weed Control in Cole or Brassica Leafy Vegetables (Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Collards, Mustard, Turnips, Kale)
Authors: Stall William M.
Published: March 2022

Revised! HS189, a 7-page fact sheet by William M. Stall, provides updated recommendations for weed control in cole or brassica leafy vegetable crops. Published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, March 2010.
HS189/WG028: Weed Control in Cole or Brassica Leafy Vegetables (Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Collard, Mustard, Turnip, and Kale) (ufl.edu)
Weed Control in Eggplant
Authors: Stall William M.
Published: March 2022

Revised! HS191, a 3-page fact sheet by William M. Stall, provides updated recommendations for weed control in eggplant. Published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, March 2010.
HS191/WG030: Weed Management in Eggplant (ufl.edu)
Weed Control in Bulb Crops (Onion, Leek, Garlic, Shallot)
Authors: Stall William M.
Published: March 2022

Revised! HS193, a 3-page fact sheet by William M. Stall, provides updated recommendations for weed control in bulb crops. Published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, March 2010.
HS193/WG033: Weed Management in Bulb Crops (Onion, Leek, Garlic, Shallot) (ufl.edu)
Model Komunikasi Pada Pendidikan Perkoperasian Bagi Anggota
Authors: Budi Styawan Riky
Published: March 2022

KPRI-KPKS is a cooperative that members consisting of domestic health staff profession in sumedang district such as doctor, nurse, midwife, etc. In addition, KPRI-KPKS has six business units including: Savings and Loan Units, Mini Market Units, Photocopy Units, Logistic Units, multi- purpose building rentals and canteens Units. Based on the six business units, the savings and loan unit has the largest revenue. Superior cooperatives are cooperatives that can provide welfare to members by fulfilling what their members need and want. The purpose of this research was to describe the communication model of the implementation of member education service and find out the service quality of the cooperative which would later be linked to the member participation of the KPRI-KPKS in all Units. The research method used in this study is a case study with descriptive data analysis using a qualitative approach. The results of this study Communication Services Model of KPRI-KPKS in all Unit is described in the form of TNA “Training Need Analysis” is a needs analysis specifically intended to determine what training needs are actually the priority. The concept of "Training Need Analysis" uses the concept of interactional communication model.. And the Lasswell Communication model. The efforts of KPRI-KPKS to improve the quality of KPRI-KPKS cooperative education for members in order to improve the member participation of the Cooperative.

Keywords: Communication Model, Educations Service, Member Participations
Reformasi Koperasi Terhadap Corporate Governance
Authors: Rosmayati Siti
Published: March 2022

This paper tries to determine the effect of cooperative reform on corporate governance in savings and loan cooperatives in Cimahi City, which has carried out various cooperative reforms towards the digital era that aims to improve corporate governance. So far, there is limited information regarding the results of some previous studies. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of cooperative reform towards the digital era on corporate governance. This study adopted a correlational research design. The research sample is 100 cooperative members taken in January 2022. The constant in the research case is 0.184 and beta1 = 0.698, F is reform in the field of cooperatives and e is the standard error. Therefore, reforms in the cooperative sector affect Corporate Governance because the value of beta1 = 0.698≠0.. Descriptive and inferential statistics are used. The hypothesis was tested using a simple regression coefficient at a confidence level of 90%. This study reveals that cooperative reform has a significant effect on Corporate Governance. The study recommends that cooperatives should determine how to fully adopt reforms. The findings of this study can help scholars and policy makers to understand and formulate policies on reform.
U le' ts'aak: una propuesta de prototipo de aplicación móvil para el reconocimiento y ubicación de plantas medicinales en el Estado de Yucatán
Authors: Coronado Arjona M.A. , Pech Canul G. P. , Uch Canché M. J.
Published: March 2022

De acuerdo a la Organización Mundial de la Salud, diversos tratamientos en las comunidades ya sea de manera personal o colectiva, es lo que permite a las diversas culturas permanecer a través del tiempo. Dentro de éstos, se puede encontrar a la medicina tradicional la cual tiene como objetivo mantener el bienestar general y las tradiciones con la implementación de prácticas, conocimientos y creencias sanitarias basadas en plantas, minerales, animales y diversas terapias. Es necesario conservar esta forma de medicina y otras tradiciones que se han visto amenazadas en varios países alrededor del mundo por diversas situaciones tales como la migración, lo que ocasiona la pérdida de seres humanos, de memoria histórica, identidad y de conocimiento cultural. Por lo tanto, se propone el desarrollo de una aplicación móvil para reconocer y ubicar plantas medicinales, y al mismo tiempo; poder rescatar, difundir y preservar las tradiciones autóctonas Yucatecas.
Propuesta para Considerar las Asesorías Extracurriculares a Estudiantes Sobresalientes en el Proceso de Autoevaluación con Fines de Acreditación
Authors: Gómez Andrade A. , Romero Gastelú M.E.
Published: March 2022

El propósito del presente artículo es enriquecer la evaluación de programas educativos por parte del Consejo Nacional de Acreditación en Informática y Computación A.C. (CONAIC) con la inclusión de un nuevo indicador que se identificaría como 6.2.3 para la categoría “6. Servicios de Apoyo al Aprendizaje” dentro del criterio “6.2. Asesorías académicas” que consideramos trascendente pues evidencia los esfuerzos institucionales para mejorar la categoría mencionada al considerar las acciones encaminadas a conocer los talentos sobresalientes de estudiantes que son más dedicados y representan a la institución en diversas actividades que requieren de asesorías extracurriculares ya que estas solamente se están evaluando cuando son enfocadas a los estudiantes de bajo aprovechamiento.

The purpose of this article is to enrich the evaluation of educational programs by the Consejo Nacional de Acreditación en Informática y Computación A.C. (CONAIC) with the inclusion of the new indicator that would be identified as 6.2.3 for category "6. Learning Support Services" within the criteria "6.2. Academic advising" that we consider transcendent because it evidences the institutional efforts to improve the aforementioned category when considering the actions aimed at knowing the outstanding talents of students that are more dedicated and represent the institution in diverse activities that require extracurricular counseling due to the fact that they are only been evaluated when they are focused on low-achieving students.
Implementación de un Sistema de Gestión de la calidad y acreditación en la Facultad de Negocios de la Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas basado en Moodle
Authors: Castillo Estrada Christian Mauricio , Ortega Hernandez2 Carmen Carolina , Benavides García Vanessa , Velasco Estrada Laura de J.
Published: March 2022

Un sistema de calidad resulta ser un proceso de mejora continua y de relevancia para las instituciones educativas, el cual se relaciona con las acciones de planificar, hacer, verificar y actuar con el propósito de alcanzar los objetivos de calidad establecidos por la organización; las cuatro acciones mencionadas representan un ciclo de calidad, que se repite varias ocasiones en forma de una espiral, refinando el proceso en cada ciclo. Lo anterior, se relaciona perfectamente con la evaluación y mejora de procesos académicos que establecen los organismos acreditadores, en virtud que son acciones de mejora continua, que las instituciones educativas realizan de manera constante afín de alcanzar los estándares de calidad para acreditar los programas educativos que ofertan. Para ello, es necesario considerar el ciclo de Deming como fundamentación teórica base para la adopción de herramientas tecnológicas, que faciliten la organización y recolección de evidencias documentales para lograr una autoevaluación continúa de los procesos de acreditación de programas educativos. En este artículo se presenta los resultados de la implementación del LMS Moodle como una plataforma enfocada a la gestión de calidad, considerando la experiencia de los docentes en el uso de esta tecnología.

A quality system turns out to be a process of continuous improvement and of relevance for educational institutions, which is related to the actions of planning, doing, verifying and acting in order to achieve the quality objectives established by the organization; The four actions mentioned represent a quality cycle, which is repeated several times in the form of a spiral, refining the process in each cycle. The foregoing is perfectly related to the evaluation and improvement of academic processes established by the accrediting bodies, since they are continuous improvement actions that educational institutions carry out constantly in order to achieve quality standards to accredit the educational programs that they offer. For this, it is necessary to consider the Deming cycle as a theoretical foundation for the adoption of technological tools, which facilitate the organization and collection of documentary evidence to achieve a continuous self-evaluation of the accreditation processes of educational programs. This article presents the results of the implementation of LMS Moodle as a platform focused on quality management, considering the experience of teachers in the use of this technology.
Genetic Enhancement of Environmental Stability and Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematodes for Biological Control
Authors: Glazer Itamar , Gaugler Randy , Segal Daniel , Grewal Parwinder , Spiegel Yitzhak , Selvan Senthamizh
Published: March 2022

The overall obejctive of the research project was to enhance the intrinsic biological control potential of entomopathogenic nematodes through genetic manipulation. We have chosen heat and desiccation tolerance as prime traits to be enhanced in order to increase the overall efficacy of these nematodes against insect pests under harsh conditions. Initially, we used mutagenesis and selection approaches to enhance these traits. In the mutagenesis experiments several morphological mutants of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HP88 were isolated and characterized phenotypically and genetically. Infective juveniles of H. bacteriophora HP88 were subjected to heat and desiccation selection regimes for several generations. Small increase was recorded, after 4 and 6 rearing cycles for both traits. However, in both selection regimes a significant deterioration in the reproductive capability of the nematodes was observed. In a screen of new nematode populations, from arid regions in Israel, a heat tolerant (IS5 strain) and desiccation tolerant (IS6 strain) were isolated. Both strains were taxonomically identified and their beneficial characteristics (environmental tolerance, insecticidal virulence and reproduction) were determined. We further investigated the stability of the enhanced heat tolerance trait in, and the storage capacity of, the newly discovered IS5 strain. Genetic studies demonstrated that the heat tolerance of the IS5 strain is genetically based and is dominant. The trait for heat tolerance was transferred from the IS5 strain to the HP88 strain of H. bacteriophora. The transfer was accomplished by allowing the heat tolerant strain (IS5) to mate with the commercial strain (HP88). The hybrid nature of the progeny was confirmed using a recessive marker mutant of the HP88 strain (H-dpy-2). We have used (RAPD-PCR) to compare genetic variation in the IS5 and the HP88 strains of H. baceriophora. The results indicated that genetic variation in the HP88 was significantly less than in the IS5 strain which was recently isolated from the field. The new IS5 strain may be used as an effective biological control agent in warm environments. In addition, IS5 can be used as a genetic source for cross-hybridization with other H. bacteriophora strains.
Biocolloids Transport to Groundwater
Authors: Nasser Abidelfatah , Gerba Charles , Fattal Badri , Yeh Tian-Chyi , Mingelgrin Uri
Published: March 2022

The first phase of the study was designed to determine the adsorption rate of viruses and microspheres to sandy and loamy soils and determine the adsorption efficiency of various viruses to soil. The adsorption of viruses to sandy and loamy soils has been found virus type dependent. The poorest adsorption was observed for MS2 bacteriophage while the greatest adsorption was observed for PRD-1. Adsorption sites on the soil material were not found as limiting factors for adsorption of viruses on soil material. The effect of water quality on adsorption has been found as virus type dependent. The adsorption process of microspheres to soil material has been found to be similar to that of viruses and occurs within a very short period of time. Carboxylated (negatively charged) microspheres seems to adsorb more efficiently than plain microspheres to soil material. At low temperatures (10oC), and under saturated conditions no virus die-off was observed, therefore under these conditions virus can survive for long period of time. At 23oC, and saturated conditions, the greatest die-off was observed for MS2 bacteriophage, whereas, negligible die-off was for PRD-1 bacteriophage and hepatitis A virus. Considering the survival results MS2 bacteriophages is not suitable as indicator for pathogenic viruses persistence in soil material. Furthermore, temperature, is more important than any other factor for the inactivation of viruses.
A Systematic Genome Search for Genes Affecting Economic Traits Dairy Cattle with the Aid of Genetic Markers
Authors: Weller Joel , Lewin Harris , Ron Micha , Wiggans George , VanRaden Paul
Published: March 2022

The objectives were to continue collection of semen for the US dairy bull DNA repository, to conduct a systematic search of the Holstein genome for economically significant economic trait loci (ETL), to develop and refine statistical techniques for the analysis of the data generated, and to confirm significant effects by genotyping daughters i Israel and additional US sons. One-thousand-seventy-six sons of eight US grandsires were genotyped for 174 microsatellites located on all 29 autosomes. ETL were detected for milk production traits on seven chromosomes. ETL for milk and fat yield and fat and protein percentage on BTA3 was mapped to between the markers BL41 and TGLA263. The 95% confidence interval for the ETL affecting fat percentage on BTA14 localized this ETL between the contromere and chromosome position 11 cM. This ETL was verified in the Israeli cattle population by genotyping an independent sample of cows from seven families. The radiation hybrid data for the centromeric region of BTA14 is defined by a single linkage group. Order of Type I genes within this region, CYC-FADK-TG-SQLE, is conserved between human and cattle. Thus, HSA8, the human homologue of BTA14, can be used to identify candidate genes for the ETL.
Consumption of Tannin-Rich Forage by Ruminants: From Mechanism to Improved Performance
Authors: Provenza Frederick , Perevolotsky Avi , Silanikove Nissim
Published: March 2022

Trees and shrubs are potentially important sources of food for livestock in many parts of the world, but their use is limited by tannins. Tannins reduce food intake by decreasing digestibility or by causing illness. Supplementing cattle, sheep, and goats with polyethylene glycol (PEG), which has a high affinity for binding tannins and thus attenuating their aversive effects, increases intake of high-tannin foods and improves weight gains and wool growth. The objectives of this proposal were:   Objective 1: To further delineate the conditions under which PEG affects intake of high-tannin foods. Objective 2: To ascertain if animals self-regulate intake of PEG in accord with the tannin content of their diet under pen, paddock, and field conditions. Objective 3: To determine how nutritional status and PEG supplementation affect preference for foods varying in nutrients and tannins. Objective 4: To assess the effects of PEG on food selection, intake, and livestock performance in different production systems.   The results from this research show that supplementing livestock with low doses of PEG increases intake of high-tannin foods and improves performance of cattle, sheep, and goats. Neutralizing the effects of tannins with supplemental PEG promotes the use of woody species usually considered useless as forage resources. Supplementing animals with PEG has the potential to improve the profitability - mainly milk production - of high-yielding dairy goats fed high-quality foods and supplemented with browse in Mediterranean areas. However, its contribution to production systems utilizing low-yielding goats is limited. Our findings also support the notion that supplemental PEG enhances the ability of livestock to control shrub encroachment and to maintain firebreaks. However, our work also suggests that the effectiveness of supplemental PEG may be low if alternative forages are equal or superior in nutritional quality and contain fewer metabolites with adverse effects.
Cryopreservation of Penaeid Shrimp Embryos: Development of a Germplasm Cryo-Bank for Preservation of High Health and Genetically Improved Stocks
Authors: Browdy Craig , Lubzens Esther
Published: March 2022

The objectives of the project were to develop a successful protocol for cryopreservation of penaeid germ plasm in order to preserve a pathogen-free broodstock nucleus for commercial exploitation of marine shrimp in aquaculture. The critical parameters to be characterized in the project were: 1. Determination of chill sensitivity and chill tolerant embryonic stages, including a full description and time course study of embryonic developmental stages. 2. Development of protocols for loading and removal of cryoprotectant agents (CPAs) from embryos; determination of optimal concentrations and duration of loading. 3. Characterization of the toxicity of the selected CP As and 4. Establishing optimal cooling and thawing procedures. Studies were performed on two penaeid species: Litopenaeus vannamei (in the USA) and P. semisulcatus (in Israel). The effect of incubation temperature on embryonic development rate and hatching success was studied in L. vannamei, showing that spawns maybe maintained at temperatures ranging from 24°C to 30°C, without compromising hatchability. Embryonic development extends from 12 hr to 19 hr at 30°C and 24°C, respectively. Studies showed that advanced embryonic developmental stages were chill tolerant in the two studied species, but P. semisulcatus could better endure lower temperatures than L. vannamei. A large number of experiments were performed to determine the optimal CP As, their concentration and duration of loading. Permeating (e.g. glycerol, methanol, DMSO, 1,2- propanediol, ethylene glycol, glucose) and non-permeating CPAs (sucrose, PVP, polyethylene glycol) were tested and several combinations of permeating and non-permeating CP As, on fertilized eggs (embryos), nauplii and protozoeae. In general, nauplii tolerated higher CPA concentrations than eggs and nauplii were also more permeable to radiolabeled methanol. Chlorine treatment intended to remove the chitinous envelop from eggs, did not increase dramatically the permeation of radiolabled methanol into eggs. Cooling eggs, nauplii or protozoeae to cryogenic temperatures, by either vitrification or slow cooling protocols, did not result in full survival of thawed samples, despite exhaustive attempts testing various protocols and CP As. Results seemed more encouraging in freezing of nauplii in comparison to eggs or protozoeae. Successful preliminary results in cryopreservation of spermatozoa of P. vannamei, will facilitate preservation of genetic specific to some extent.
Isolation, Purification and Sequence Determination of Pheromonotropic-Receptors
Authors: Rafaeli Ada , Jurenka Russell , Segal Daniel
Published: March 2022

Moths constitute a major group of pest insects in agriculture. Pheromone blends are utilised by a variety of moth species to attract conspecific mates, which is under circadian control by the neurohormone, PBAN (pheromone-biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide). Our working hypothesis was that, since the emission of sex-pheromone is necessary to attract a mate, then failure to produce and emit pheromone is a potential strategy for manipulating adult moth behavior. The project aimed at identifying, characterising and determining the sequence of specific receptors responsible for the interaction with pheromonotropic neuropeptide/s using two related moth species: Helicoverpa armigera and H. lea as model insects. We established specific binding to a membrane protein estimated at 50 kDa in mature adult females using a photoaffinity-biotin probe for PBAN. We showed that JH is required for the up-regulation of this putative receptor protein. In vitro studies established that the binding initiates a cascade of second messengers including channel opening for calcium ions and intracellular cAMP production. Pharmacological studies (using sodium fluoride) established that the receptor is coupled to a G-protein, that is, the pheromone-biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide receptor (PBAN-R) belongs to the family of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)'s. We showed that PBAN-like peptides are present in Drosophila melanogaster based on bioassay and immunocytochemical data. Using the annotated genome of D. melanogaster to search for a GPCR, we found that some were similar to neuromedin U- receptors of vertebrates, which contain a similar C-terminal ending as PBAN. We established that neuromedin U does indeed induce pheromone biosynthesis and cAMP production. Using a PCR based cloning strategy and mRNA isolated from pheromone glands of H. zea, we successfully identified a gene encoding a GPCR from pheromone glands. The full-length PBAN-R was subsequently cloned and expressed in Sf9 insect cells and was shown to mobilize calcium in response to PBAN in a dose-dependent manner. The successful progress in the identification of a gene, encoding a GPCR for the neurohormone, PBAN, provides a basis for the design of a novel battery of compounds that will specifically antagonize pheromone production. Furthermore, since PBAN belongs to a family of insect neuropeptides with more than one function in different life stages, this rationale may be extended to other physiological key-regulatory processes in different insects.
Entrapment and controlled release of nutraceuticals from double emulsions stabilized by pectin-protein hybrids
Authors: Wicker Louise , Garti Nissim
Published: March 2022

Original Objectives Specific objectives are to: (1) modify charge and hydrophobicity of pectins to improve emulsion stabilizing properties (2) develop emulsions that can be sterically stabilized using modified pectins and/or pectin/protein hybrids (3) obtain submicronal inner emulsion droplets (10-50 nanometers) with small and monodispersed double emulsion (1-2 μm) droplets with long-term stability (possibly by emulsified microemulsions) and (4) trigger and control the release at will. Background Methodology for encapsulation and controlled release of selected addenda, e.g. drugs, vitamins, phytochemicals, flavors, is of major impact in the food industries. Stable double emulsions with desired solubilization and release properties of selected addenda are formed using charge modified pectin or pectin-protein hybrids. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements * We developed methodology to isolate PME isozymes and prepared modified pectins in sufficient quantity to characterize, form single and double emulsions and test stability. *Amino acid sequence of PME isozymes was estimated and will facilitate cloning of PME for commercial application * The contribution of total charge and distribution of charge of modified pectin was determined *Soluble complexes or modified pectins and whey isolates are formed * Stable W/O/W double emulsions were formed that did not cream, had small particle size * Inner phase of double emulsions are nano-sized and stable. These new structures were termed emulsified microemulsions (EME) * Release of bioactives were controlled between a few days to months depending on layering on droplets by hybrids * Commercial testing by Israeli company of stability and release of Vitamin C showed good chemical stability Implications Resolved the major stability limitation of W/O/W emulsions. Resolved the questions regarding citrus PMEs and tailored pilot scale modification of pectins.
role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in survival and reproductive success of Ceratitis capitata, the Mediterranean fruit fly
Authors: Jurkevitch Edouard , Lauzon Carol , Yuval Boaz , MacCombs Susan
Published: March 2022

Objectives: to demonstrate nitrogen fixation in the gut of Ceratitiscapitata, the Mediterranean fruit fly and that fixed nitrogen is important for the fly. Background: Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are a highly successful, widespread group of insects causing enormous economic damage in agriculture. They are anautogenous, i.e. the acquisition of nitrogenous compounds by both male and female is essential for the realization of their reproductive potential. Nitrogen, although abundant in the atmosphere, is paradoxically a limiting resource for multicellular organisms. In the Animalia, biological nitrogen fixation has solely been demonstrated in termites. Major achievements and conclusions: We found that all individuals of field-collected medflies harbor large diazotrophicenterobacterial populations that express dinitrogenreductase in the gut. Moreover, nitrogen fixation was demonstrated in isolated guts and in live flies and may significantly contribute to the fly’s nitrogen intake. Specific components of these communities were shown to be transmitted vertically between flies. Moreover, we found that the gut bacterial community changes during the fly’s active season both in composition and complexity. Moreover, strong changes in community structure were also observed between the fly's various developmental stages. An initial analysis using SuPERPCR, a technology enabling the detection of minor populations by selective elimination of the dominant 16S rDNA sequences revealed that Pseudomonasspp. may also be part of the gut community. Implications: The presence of similar bacterial consortia in additional insect orders suggests that nitrogen fixation occurs in vast pools of terrestrial insects. On such a large scale, this phenomenon may have a considerable impact on the nitrogen cycle.
Harnessing Fine Scale Tuning of Endogenous Plant Regulatory Processes for Manipulation of Organ Growth
Authors: Eshed Yuval , Bowman John
Published: March 2022

Background and objectives: Manipulation of plant organ growth is one of the primary reasons for the success of mankind allowing increasing amounts of food for human and livestock consumption. In contrast with the successful selection for desirable growth characteristics using plant breeding, transgenic manipulations with single genes has met limited success. While breeding is based on accumulation of many small alterations of growth, usually arise from slight changes in expression patterns, transgenic manipulations are primarily based on drastic, non-specific up-regulation or knock down of genes that can exert different effects during different stages of development. To successfully harness transgenic manipulation to attain desirable plant growth traits we require the tools to subtly regulate the temporal and spatial activity of plant growth genes. Polar morphology along the adaxial/abaxial axis characterizes lateral organs of all plants. Juxtaposition of two cell types along this axis is a prerequisite of laminar growth induction. In the study summarized here, we addressed the following questions: Can we identify and harness components of the organ polarity establishment pathway for prolonged growth? Can we identify specific regulatory sequences allowing spatial and temporal manipulation in various stages of organ development? Can we identify genes associated with YABBY-induced growth alterations? Major conclusions and implications: We showed that regulated expression, both spatially and temporally of either organ polarity factors such as the YABBY genes, or the organ maturation program such as the CIN-TCPs can stimulate substantial growth of leaves and floral organs. Promoters for such fine manipulation could be identified by comparison of non-coding sequences of KAN1, where a highly conserved domain was found within the second intron, or by examination of multiple 5” regions of genes showing transient expression along leaf ontogeny. These promoters illustrate the context dependent action of any gene we examined thus far, and facilitate fine tuning of the complex growth process. Implications, both scientific and agricultural. The present study was carried out on the model organism Arabidopsis, and the broad application of its findings were tested in the tomato crop. We learned that all central regulators of organ polarity are functionally conserved, probably in all flowering plants. Thus, with minor modifications, the rules and mechanisms outlined in this work are likely to be general.
Targeted Molecular Typing of Pathogenic Avian Mycoplasmas
Authors: Levisohn Sharon , Garcia Maricarmen , Yogev David , Kleven Stanley
Published: March 2022

Intraspecies identification (DNA "fingerprinting") of pathogenic avian mycoplasmas is a powerful tool for epidemiological studies and monitoring strain identity. However the only widely method available for Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and M. synoviae (MS)wasrandom amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). This project aimed to develop alternative and supplementary typing methods that will overcome the major constraints of RAPD, such as the need for isolation of the organism in pure culture and the lack of reproducibility intrinsic in the method. Our strategy focussed on recognition of molecular markers enabling identification of MG and MS vaccine strains and, by extension, pathogenic potential of field isolates. Our first aim was to develop PCR-based systems which will allow amplification of specific targeted genes directly from clinical material. For this purpose we evaluated the degree of intraspecies heterogeneity in genes encoding variable surface antigens uniquely found in MG all of which are putative pathogenicity factors. Phylogenic analysis of targeted sequences of selected genes (pvpA, gapA, mgc2, and lp) was employed to determine the relationship among MG strains.. This method, designated gene targeted sequencing (GTS), was successfully employed to identify strains and to establish epidemiologically-linked strain clusters. Diagnostic PCR tests were designed and validated for each of the target genes, allowing amplification of specific nucleotide sequences from clinical samples. An mgc2-PCR-RFLP test was designed for rapid differential diagnosis of MG vaccine strains in Israel. Addressing other project goals, we used transposon mutagenesis and in vivo and in vitro models for pathogenicity to correlated specific changes in target genes with biological properties that may impact the course of infection. An innovative method for specific detection and typing of MS strains was based on the hemagglutinin-encoding gene vlhA, uniquely found in this species. In parallel, we evaluated the application of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) in avian mycoplasmas. AFLP is a highly discriminatory method that scans the entire genome using infrequent restriction site PCR. As a first step the method was found to be highly correlated with other DNA typing methods for MG species and strain differentiation. The method is highly reproducible and relatively rapid, although it is necessary to isolate the strain to be tested. Both AFLP and GTS are readily to amenable to computer-assisted analysis of similarity and construction of a data-base resource. The availability of improved and diverse tools will help realize the full potential of molecular typing of avian mycoplasmas as an integral and essential part of mycoplasma control programs.