bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pan-Arctic marine biodiversity and species co-occurrence patterns under recent climate
Authors: Alabia Irene D. , García Molinos Jorge , Hirata Takafumi , Mueter Franz J. , David Carmen L.
Published: March 2023

The Arctic region is experiencing drastic climatic changes bringing about potential ecological shifts. Here, we explored marine biodiversity and potential species associations across eight Arctic marine areas between 2000 and 2019. We compiled species occurrences for a subset of 69 marine taxa (i.e., 26 apex predators and 43 mesopredators) and environmental factors to predict taxon-specific distributions using a multi-model ensemble approach. Arctic-wide temporal trends of species richness increased in the last 20 years and highlighted potential emerging areas of species accrual due to climate-driven species redistribution. Further, regional species associations were dominated by positive co-occurrences among species pairs with high frequencies in the Pacific and Atlantic Arctic areas. Comparative analyses of species richness, community composition, and co-occurrence between high and low summer sea ice concentrations revealed contrasting impacts of and detected areas vulnerable to sea ice changes. In particular, low (high) summer sea ice generally resulted in species gains (loss) in the inflow and loss (gains) in the outflow shelves, accompanied by substantial changes in community composition and therefore potential species associations. Overall, the recent changes in biodiversity and species co-occurrences in the Arctic were driven by pervasive poleward range shifts, especially for wide-ranging apex predators. Our findings highlight the varying regional impacts of warming and sea ice loss on Arctic marine communities and provide important insights into the vulnerability of Arctic marine areas to climate change.
New perspectives on preshearing history in granular soils
Authors: Knittel L. , Tafili M. , Tavera C. E. Grandas , Triantafyllidis Th.
Published: March 2023

The design of deep dump slopes for opencast mines usually requires information about the soil resistance to liquefaction during earthquakes. This resistance depends not only on the initial stress, the initial density, and the amplitude of the cyclic loading, but also on the preshearing, that is, the deviatoric stress path applied to the soil before the cyclic loading. To explore the influence of preshearing on the subsequent soil behaviour, a set of triaxial tests with a combination of undrained preshearing and drained stress cycles using two sample preparation methods is presented. It is shown that the preshearing as well as the preparation method have a major influence on the strain accumulation upon cyclic loading. Simulations of the experiments with four advanced constitutive models reveal that neither the long-lasting effect of preshearing nor the preparation method can adequately be captured by all of the models. This deficiency of the constitutive models can lead to unsafe designs due to the overestimation of the cyclic resistance to liquefaction and to the underestimation of long term settlements.
Transcriptome and physiological analyses reveal new insights into delayed incompatibility formed by interspecific grafting
Authors: Liu Qiao , Wang Xiurong , Zhao Yang , Xiao Feng , Yang Yao
Published: March 2023

Pinus elliottii used as rootstock instead of homologous rootstock, have been proved to accelerate early growth of the scion (Pinus massoniana), for cultivation of large diameter wood. However, the basal diameter of scions in heterologous grafts was significantly smaller than self-graft 10 years later, according to field investigation, which was opposed to cultivation objectives. Although advantage of heterologous grafts has been reported, less is known about the long term effect of heterologous rootstock on scions of P. massoniana. The aim of present study was to investigate the mechanism of the above difference. Toward this aim, the growth traits and physiological characteristics of scions in the two graft groups were studied, and the underlying mechanism was preliminarily explored through transcriptome sequencing technology. Results showed that scions of heterologous grafts had less TSCA compared to self-grafts, while no significant difference of plant height, number of branches and canopy volume between two graft groups. Besides, scion leaves of heterologous grafts displayed higher antioxidant enzyme activity and lower chlorophyll content. And interactions between rootstocks and scions had also changed the mineral element composition of scion leaves. Compared with homologous grafts, scion leaves of heterologous grafts accumulated more K+, Mg2+ and Zn2+, but less Ca2+,which have been proved to be conducive to the growth of stem diameter of P. massoniana. Moreover, a comparative transcriptome analysis of two graft groups showed that DEGs between them were mainly caused by the specificity of rootstock. GO and KEGG analysis found that heterologous rootstock had different gene expression preferences, and the gene expression level between rootstocks and scions were significantly different, such as auxin auxin-related genes and stress responsive genes. That may imply that auxin pathway played an important role not only in grafting healing process, but also in maintaining the growth between scion and stock. Summary of all above results, we concluded that the long term effect of heterologous rootstock on scions may be unsatisfactory with the later rapidly growth of scion, probably due to delayed graft incompatibility between scion and stock of heterologous grafts. This study may remind us that the long-term growth of the scion deserves attention as well as the healing process, which could also provide a basis for delayed graft incompatibility.
Pigmented Wheat: Nutrition Scenario and Health Benefits
Authors: Dangi P. , Chaudhary N. , Paul A. , Sharma A. , Dutta I. , Razdan R.
Published: March 2023

Pigmented, or colored, wheat is gaining popularity due to a shift in consumer preference from energy-providing wheat to nutrition-providing wheat. Pigmented wheat contributes to nutritional supplements such as bioactive compounds, pigments, etc. Pigments like anthocyanins and carotenoids located in the bran of the kernel are responsible for giving a purple, blue, black, or red color to different wheat varieties. Dark-colored wheat varieties provide several health benefits, such as improving glycemic response in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, preventing obesity, exhibiting antioxidant properties, and contributing to the prevention of various cancers. Moreover, flavonoids such as proanthocyanidins, anthocyanin, γ-oryzanol available in pigmented wheats have cut down inflammation and can be particularly useful in curbing oxidative pressure, atherosclerotic injuries, and aggravation during inflammation. Pigmented wheat has a favourable impact on various visual parameters, such as improving near-sightedness, decreasing eye exhaustion, etc. Pigmented wheat has more significant qualities and functions than regular wheat, thus it can be used to develop various functional and effective edibles. Due to the limited availability of data on pigmented wheat, it is important to improve and clarify the production and consumption of pigmented wheat and its products, to aid future development.
Revealing the effect of substitutional cation doping in the A-site of nanoscale APbI3 perovskite layers for enhanced retention and endurance in optoelectronic resistive switching for non-volatile bipolar memory devices
Authors: George Twinkle , Vadivel Murugan Arumugam
Published: March 2023

The effect of substitutional cation doping in the A-site of the nanoscale APbI3 perovskite layer has been systematically investigated to achieve improvements in the charge-carrier dynamics and endurance of non-volatile bipolar (NVB) memory devices.
Solvent-induced competing processes in polycarbonate degradation: depolymerization, chain scission, and branching/crosslinking
Authors: Sun Mengqi , Xu Zhen , Munyaneza Nuwayo Eric , Zhang Yue , Posada Carlos , Liu Guoliang
Published: March 2023

Catalyzed by copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS NPs), polycarbonate (PC) degradation exhibits different degradation behaviors in varying solvents, showing competitive processes of chain scission, branching, and crosslinking.
Polydopamine-assisted tranilast immobilization on a PLA chamber to enhance fat flaps regeneration by reducing tissue fibrosis
Authors: Peng Zhangsong , Chang Qiang , Liu Xilong , Chen Danni , Lu Feng , Chen Xihang
Published: March 2023

Tissue engineering chambers (TECs) have been shown to be useful in regenerating adipose tissue.
Dimerized fusion inhibitor peptides targeting the HR1–HR2 interaction of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Tsuji Kohei , Baffour-Awuah Owusu Kofi , Miura Yutaro , Ishii Takahiro , Shinohara Kouki , Kobayakawa Takuya , Emi Akino , Nakano Takashi , Suzuki Youichi , Tamamura Hirokazu
Published: March 2023

C-Terminally dimerized HR2 peptides of SARS-CoV-2 showed significantly higher antiviral activity than the corresponding monomers. Our dimerization strategy of HIV-1 fusion inhibitors successfully facilitated the design of potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2.
A universal green approach for the synthesis of NPS-codoped carbon quantum dots with enhanced broad-spectrum antibacterial and antioxidant activities
Authors: Pant Megha , Kumar Suresh , Kiran Kumari , Bisht Narendra Singh , Pande Veena , Dandapat Anirban
Published: March 2023

A bio-inspired route has been described to synthesize NPS-codoped CQDs having enhanced antibacterial and antioxidant activities.
Identification of peptide epitopes of the gp120 protein of HIV-1 capable of inducing cellular and humoral immunity
Authors: García-Machorro Jazmín , Gutiérrez-Sánchez Mara , Rojas-Ortega Diego Alexander , Bello Martiniano , Andrade-Ochoa Sergio , Díaz-Hernández Sebastián , Correa-Basurto José , Rojas-Hernández Saúl
Published: March 2023

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and a high percentage of deaths.
A data-driven sequencer that unveils latent “codons” in synthetic copolymers
Authors: Hibi Yusuke , Uesaka Shiho , Naito Masanobu
Published: March 2023

Codons in synthetic copolymers—sequence-specific short segments encoding synthetic copolymer properties—became quantifiable via thermal fragmentation and virtual reconstruction based on unsupervised learning of pyrolysis mass-spectra.
Tailoring the electrocatalytic activity of multicomponent (Co,Fe,Ni)9S8−xSex pentlandite solid electrodes
Authors: Mikuła Andrzej , Kubowicz Maciej , Mazurków Julia , Mars Krzysztof , Smialkowski Mathias , Apfel Ulf-Peter , Radecka Marta
Published: March 2023

The multi-component approach to materials design, together with the adaptation of the processing conditions, is gaining increasing popularity in energy-conversion-oriented applications allowing highly effective catalysts to be obtained.
Superior oxygen evolution reaction performance of NiCoFe spinel oxide nanowires in situ grown on β-Ni(OH)2 nanosheet-decorated Ni foam: case studies on stoichiometric and off-stoichiometric oxides
Authors: Upale Prerna , Verma Seema , Ogale Satishchandra B.
Published: March 2023

This work proposes a new direction towards rational design of highly efficient NiCoFe oxide based OER electrocatalysts where induced oxygen vacancies and enhanced ferromagnetic double exchange interactions resulted in the favourable configuration.
Reclamation and reuse of graphite from electric vehicle lithium-ion battery anodes via water delamination
Authors: Sargent Alexander T. , Henderson Zoë , Walton Alex S. , Spencer Ben F. , Sweeney Luke , Flavell Wendy R. , Anderson Paul A. , Kendrick Emma , Slater Peter R. , Allan Phoebe K.
Published: March 2023

A simple approach to the delamination of PVDF bound graphite anode material from electric vehicle batteries is presented. This recovered graphite shows good electrochemical performance after a short low temperature thermal treatment.
Sulfonylation reactions photocatalyzed by quantum dots: rule of band-position and surface chemistry
Authors: Costa Jadielson , Galdino Danilo , N. Sousa Felipe L. , Freitas Denilson V. , Jardim Paula M. , Menezes Paulo H. , Navarro Marcelo
Published: March 2023

An environmentally friendly methodology for the synthesis of different functionalized sulfones is described here.
Maternal supplementation with glycerol monolaurate improves the intestinal health of suckling piglets by inhibiting the NF-κB/MAPK pathways and improving oxidative stability
Authors: Zhao Hao , Tian Min , Xiong Liang , Lin Tongbin , Zhang Shuchang , Yue Xianhuai , Liu Xinghong , Chen Fang , Zhang Shihai , Guan Wutai
Published: March 2023

Maternal diet supplemented with 0.1% GML enhanced offspring intestinal oxidative homeostasis and barrier function, and attenuated offspring intestinal inflammatory response possibly through suppressing the activation of the NF-κB/MAPK pathways.
Reprogramming the sulfur recycling network to improve l-cysteine production in Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Du Huanmin , Qiao Jinfang , Qi Yuting , Li Lingcong , Xu Ning , Shao Li , Wei Liang , Liu Jun
Published: March 2023

A bifunctional H2S2-responsive genetic circuit was established to realize sulfur recycling in Corynebacterium glutamicum, and the production of l-cysteine and the SCR were significantly increased by using this system.
Distinct morphology-dependent behaviors for Au/γ-Al2O3 catalysts: enhanced thermal stabilization in CO oxidation reaction
Authors: Cai Weimeng , Sun Xinyu , Bao Yaojie , Guo Jianhua , Liu Anqiu , Hu Kunhong , Feng Lipin
Published: March 2023

Here, we investigate the morphology-dependent behavior of Au nanoparticles dispersed on different morphologies of γ-Al2O3, the Au nanoparticles on γ-Al2O3 nanorods exhibit higher sinter-resistant performance than those on commercial γ-Al2O3.
Copper(ii) and cobalt(iii) Schiff base complexes with hydroxy anchors as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs)
Authors: Gautam Chiteri , Srivastava Devyani , Kociok-Köhn Gabriele , Gosavi Suresh W. , Sharma Vinod K. , Chauhan Ratna , Late Dattatray J. , Kumar Abhinav , Muddassir Mohd.
Published: March 2023

Two new imine based cobalt and copper complexes synthesized and used as sensitizers in DSSCs.
α-Arylsulfonyloxyacrylates: attractive O-centered electrophiles for synthesis of α-substituted acrylates via Pd-catalysed Suzuki reactions
Authors: Zhang Zhongya , Zhang Li , Huai Linge , Wang Zhentao , Fang Yewen
Published: March 2023

With α-arylsulfonyloxyacrylates as the new O-centered electrophiles, α-substituted acrylates could be efficiently accessed via Pd-catalysed Suzuki (hetero)arylation and alkylation reactions.
KuQuinones: a ten years tale of the new pentacyclic quinoid compound
Authors: Valentini Francesca , Sabuzi Federica , Forchetta Mattia , Conte Valeria , Galloni Pierluca
Published: March 2023

KuQuinones: from serendipity synthesis to photo(electro)chemical and biomedical applications.
Gold(i)-containing light-emitting molecules with an inverted singlet–triplet gap
Authors: Blasco Daniel , Nasibullin Rinat T. , Valiev Rashid R. , Sundholm Dage
Published: March 2023

Substitution with gold(i)-containing moieties results in non-vanishing oscillator strengths and spin–orbit coupling leading to fast intersystem crossing in light-emitting heptazine derivates with an inverted singlet–triplet gap.
Inhibition of side reactions and dendrite growth using a low-cost and non-flammable eutectic electrolyte for high-voltage and super-stable zinc hybrid batteries
Authors: Deng Yongqi , Wu Yihan , Zhang Kefu , Fan Minghui , Wang Lele , He Yapeng , Yan Lifeng
Published: March 2023

A novel low-cost eutectic electrolyte of Zn(CH3COO)2/CH3COOLi/urea has been prepared for high-voltage and super-stable zinc hybrid batteries with non-flammability and sustainability.
Multifunctional hydrogel coatings with high antimicrobial loading efficiency and pH-responsive properties for urinary catheter applications
Authors: Miao Jiru , Wu Xiang , Fang Yue , Zeng Mingzhu , Huang Zhimao , Ouyang Mi , Wang Rong
Published: March 2023

A tannic acid-polySBMA hydrogel coating as an efficient carrier for common antimicrobials has been developed, and it releases antimicrobials in a pH-responsive manner to significantly inhibit bacterial infection and encrustation formation.
A double heterohelicene composed of two benzo[b]phenothiazine exhibiting intense room-temperature circularly polarized phosphorescence
Authors: Tanaka Shunya , Sakamaki Daisuke , Haruta Naoki , Sato Tohru , Gon Masayuki , Tanaka Kazuo , Fujiwara Hideki
Published: March 2023

In this work, we report a novel double N,S-hetero[5]helicene composed of two benzo[b]phenothiazines (2) that exhibits long-lived circularly polarized room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP).
Parametric design method and application study of a 160‐kV resistive‐type DCSFCL in a three‐terminal flexible DC transmission system
Authors: Wu Jianfa , Tan Yaxiong , Li Qinghe , Sheng Chao , Luo Pandian , Song Meng , Li Jian , Chen Weigen
Published: March 2023

The intermittent access of renewable energy sources leads to a significant increase in fault short‐circuit currents in power grid. DC superconducting fault current limiters (SFCL) can limit short‐circuit currents in flexible DC transmission systems, which work in combination with direct current circuit breaker (DCCBs) to protect the grid system effectively. However, for the parameter design of DC superconducting fault current limiter (DCSFCL), it is difficult to balance the economics of the device and its adaptability to different fault situations. In this paper, a cross‐mapping design methodology for the DCSFCL is proposed and applied in the Nan'ao flexible DC transmission project, China. A cross‐mapping method is designed combining the critical parameters of DCSFCL and the system parameters. A three‐terminal simulation model of the flexible DC transmission system is constructed through MATLAB/Simulink and the design process of DCSFCL parameters is introduced. A cyclic calculation approach is proposed for the design of DCSFCL parameters through three fault conditions of the power system. Meanwhile, impact current short‐circuits test and artificial ground short‐circuit test were conducted on the prototype. Test results show that the designed DCSFCL meets the requirements of practical applications.
Attaining the PeV frontier of the cosmic ray spectrum in space with HERD
Authors: Perrina Chiara
Published: March 2023

The High Energy cosmic-Radiation Detection facility (HERD) is a calorimetric experiment planned to be launched in 2027. It will be operational for at least 10 years on board the China Space Station. With HERD we will measure the energy flux of cosmic protons and heavier nuclei from 30 GeV up to, for the first time in space, a few PeV. We will search for signatures of annihilation and decay products of dark matter in the energy spectrum of cosmic electrons and gamma rays from 10 GeV to 100 TeV. A wide field of view monitoring of the gamma-ray full-sky from 100 MeV will also be performed. The five HERD subdetectors, the calorimeter (CALO), the scintillating fiber tracker (FIT), the plastic scintillator detector (PSD), the silicon charge detector (SCD) and the transition radiation detector (TRD), are currently under development. The design, prospects and expected performance of HERD, as well as its contribution to the multimessenger astronomy will be presented in this contribution.
UHECR results of combined analyses of TA and Auger experiments
Authors: di Matteo A. , Anchordoqui L. , Bister T. , de Almeida R. , Deligny O. , Deval L. , Farrar G. , Giaccari U. , Golup G. , Higuchi R. , Kim J. , Kuznetsov M. , Mariş I. , Rubtsov G. , Tinyakov P. , Urban F.
Published: March 2023

The origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) is still unknown. Their sources are believed to be within the local universe (a few hundred megaparsecs), but deﬂections by intergalactic and Galactic magnetic ﬁelds prevent us from straightforwardly associating UHECRs to their sources based on their arrival directions, making their angular distribution mostly isotropic. At higher energies, the number of potential source candidates and the magnetic deﬂections are both expected to be smaller, but so is the available amount of statistics. Hence, it is interesting to perform searches for anisotropies using several diﬀerent energy thresholds. With a threshold of 8 EeV a dipole modulation has been discovered, and with higher thresholds evidence is mounting for correlations with certain nearby galaxies. Neither of the two main UHECR detectors, the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array project, has full-sky coverage. Full-sky searches require combining the datasets of both, and a working group with members of both collaborations has been tasked with this. We present an overview of the challenges encountered in such analyses, recent results from the working group, possible ways of interpreting them, and an outlook for the near future.
Virgo and the gravitational interferometry
Authors: Mantovani Maddalena
Published: March 2023

The Advanced Virgo detector is a long scale enhanced Michelson interferometer placed in Italy, close to Pisa, with the aim of detecting gravitational waves from astronomical sources. The Advanced Virgo interferometer has detected, together with the LIGO interferometers located in USA [1], an impressive collection of gravitational waves emissions in the last observation runs O2 and O3. During the last observation run (O3), which lasted about one year of data taking from April 2019 to March 2020, were detected about 80 events. When the run ended, the detector has been upgraded toward the Advanced Virgo + configuration, in order to enhance its sensitivity, which it is currently in the commissioning phase. After an introduction on gravitational wave detection, the paper will focus on giving an overview of the evolution of the Virgo antenna in the past decades.
Method for assessing the impact of residual roughness after corneal ablation simulated as random and filtered noise in polychromatic vision
Authors: Verma Shwetabh , Hesser Juergen , Arba-Mosquera Samuel
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Despite theoretical models for achieving laser-based ablation smoothness, methods do not yet exist for assessing the impact of residual roughness after corneal ablation, on retinal polychromatic vision. We developed a method and performed an exploratory study to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the impact of varying degree of corneal roughness simulated through white and filtered noise, on the retinal image. Methods: A preliminary version of the Indiana Retinal Image Simulator (IRIS) [Jaskulski M., Thibos L., Bradley A., Kollbaum P., et al. (2019) IRIS – Indiana Retinal Image Simulator. https://blogs.iu.edu/corl/iris] was used to simulate the polychromatic retinal image. Using patient-specific Zernike coefficients and pupil diameter, the impact of different levels of chromatic aberrations was calculated. Corneal roughness was modeled via both random and filtered noise [(2013) Biomed. Opt. Express 4, 220–229], using distinct pre-calculated higher order Zernike coefficient terms. The outcome measures for the simulation were simulated retinal image, Strehl Ratio and Visual Strehl Ratio computed in frequency domain (VSOTF). The impact of varying degree of roughness (with and without refractive error), spatial frequency of the roughness, and pupil dilation was analyzed on these outcome measures. Standard simulation settings were pupil size = 6 mm, Defocus Z[2, 0] = 2 μm (−1.54D), and Spherical Aberrations Z[4, 0] = 0.15 μm. The signal included the 2–4th Zernike orders, while noise used 7–8th Zernike orders. Noise was scaled to predetermined RMS values. All the terms in 5th and 6th Zernike order were set to 0, to avoid overlapping of signal and noise. Results: In case of a constant roughness term, reducing the pupil size resulted in improved outcome measures and simulated retinal image (Strehl = 0.005 for pupil size = 6 mm to Strehl = 0.06 for pupil size = 3 mm). The calculated image quality metrics deteriorated dramatically with increasing roughness (Strehl = 0. 3 for no noise; Strehl = 0.03 for random noise of 0.25 μm at 6 mm diameter; Strehl = 0.005 for random noise of 0.65 μm at 6 mm diameter). Clear distinction was observed in outcome measures for corneal roughness simulated as random noise compared to filtered noise, further influenced by the spatial frequency of filtered noise. Conclusion: The proposed method enables quantifying the impact of residual roughness in corneal ablation processes at relatively low cost. Since normally laser ablation is an integral process divided on a defined grid, the impact of spatially characterized noise represents a more realistic simulation condition. This method can help comparing different refractive laser platforms in terms of their associated roughness in ablation, indirectly improving the quality of results after Laser vision correction surgery.
Kognitive Rehabilitation bei neurologischen
Erkrankungen
Authors: Sporrer Wiebke
Published: March 2023

Neurokognitive Defizite sind vielgestaltige Begleitsymptome neurologischer
Erkrankungen, die für den Patienten oft schwere Hindernisse auf dem Weg
zur Selbstständigkeit bilden. Sie erfordern eine individuell angepasste
Rehabilitation im Rahmen eines multiprofessionellen Teams. Der vorliegende
Überblick beleuchtet mögliche Schnittstellen der Professionen
Neuropsychologie und Ergotherapie in der Behandlung neurokognitiver
Störungen.
Acoustic Change Complex as a Neurophysiological Tool to Assess Auditory Discrimination Skill: A Review
Authors: Sanju Himanshu Kumar , Jain Tushar , Kumar Prawin
Published: March 2023

Introduction Acoustic change complex (ACC) is a type of event-related potential evoked in response to subtle change(s) in the continuing stimuli. In the presence of a growing number of investigations on ACC, there is a need to review the various methodologies, findings, clinical utilities, and conclusions of different studies by authors who have studied ACC.

Objective The present review article is focused on the literature related to the utility of ACC as a tool to assess the auditory discrimination skill in different populations.

Data Synthesis Various database providers, such as Medline, Pubmed, Google, and Google Scholar, were searched for any ACC-related reference. A total of 102 research papers were initially obtained using descriptors such as acoustic change complex, clinical utility of ACC, ACC in children, ACC in cochlear implant users, and ACC in hearing loss. The titles, authors, and year of publication were examined, and the duplicates were eliminated. A total of 31 research papers were found on ACC and were incorporated in the present review. The findings of these 31 articles were reviewed and have been reported in the present article.

Conclusion The present review showed the utility of ACC as an objective tool to support various subjective tests in audiology.
Theory of slow traps and random telegraph signals in ultra-small planar MOSFETs
Authors: Fuks B. I.
Published: March 2023

It is shown that ultra-small MOSFETs with heavily doped substrates contain a significant concentration of slow traps in their space-charge regions. Such a trap arises due to random doping fluctuations and is created if a few shallow impurities form a small-scale cluster, resulting in a high binding energy of the ground state of the particle on this multiply charged “nucleus.” Inside the space-charge region, this “nucleus” is surrounded by a high potential barrier, which turns it into a slow trap with capture and emission times not too different from each other. Since a multiply charged trap scatters free carriers much more than a singly charged trap, it generates an easily observable random telegraph signal (RTS) when it captures or emits a free carrier. Such traps, located near the silicon–dielectric interface, generate high-amplitude RTSs that interfere with the normal operation of ultra-small MOSFETs. The probability of their formation depends very sharply on the doping profile near the interface. Therefore, if it can be proven that the slow traps generating the observed RTSs are in silicon, this will provide a clue to reducing this probability. This paper develops a theory describing why a multiply charged silicon slow trap can generate a high-amplitude random telegraph signal, how to reliably distinguish whether the observed RTS is generated by a silicon or oxide trap, and what experimental data are required for this. An analysis of the relevant published data for the RTSs observed in such a MOSFET shows that they are generated by slow traps located in silicon rather than in oxide. The developed theory is in qualitative and reasonable quantitative agreement with the analyzed data.
Comparative study on surface oxygenation and widening of carbon fibers made electrochemical electrodes
Authors: Tsai Hsin-Jung , Liao I-Hsuan , Yang Yung-Kai , Huang Ding-Jyun , Hsu Wen-Kuang
Published: March 2023

Polarity and surface area are two important factors in determining electrochemical performance and are here studied systematically using carbon fiber cloths (CFCs) as electrodes. The CFC polarity is enhanced by plasma treatment that creates polar groups, such as carbonyl and quinone. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are sp2 bonded structures and are coated onto CFCs to extend hexagonal lattices (i.e., surface area widening). Experiments indicate that the specific capacitance (Cs) of electrodes made from as-purchased and heat-treated CFCs is 0.3 and 5.75 F g−1 in the acidic electrolyte; this value increases to 18.9 F g−1 as CFCs are coated with CNTs. Oxygenated CFCs give Cs = 30.3 F g−1 with 83% retention over 3000 charge–discharge cycles, indicative of polarity dominated Cs improvement.
Betaine ameliorates high glucose-induced oxidative stress in granulosa cells
Authors: Abnosi Mohammad Hussein , Tabandeh Mohammad Reza , Mosavi-aroo Fatmeh
Published: March 2023

Context In diabetes, abnormalities of granulosa cells (GCs) and steroidogenesis are associated with hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress. Betaine has beneficial effect in experimental model of diabetes by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Aims In this study we investigate the effects of betaine to prevent oxidative stress in GCs induced by high glucose and improve steroidogenesis. Methods Primary GCs, isolated from ovarian follicles of C57BL/6 mice were cultured in 5 mM (control) and 30 mM (hyperglycaemia) of glucose and in presence of 5 mM of betaine for 24 h. Then antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde, oestradiol and progesterone were measured. In addition, the expression of Nrf2 and NF-κB, antioxidant enzymes (Sod1, Gpx and Cat) were analysed by qRT-PCR assay. Key results We observed significant (P < 0.001) up-regulation of NF-κB and down-regulation of Nrf2 due to high concentration of glucose. Also significant (P < 0.001) down-regulation of related antioxidant genes (Cat, Sod1 and GPx) and activity reduction of these enzymes as well as significant (P < 0.001) elevation of malondialdehyde was observed. In addition, betaine treatment compensated the drastic effect of high glucose induced oxidative stress via down-regulating the expression of NF-κB and up-regulating the expression of Nrf2, Cat, Sod1 and GPx. It was also shown that betaine in the presence of FSH significantly (P < 0.001) restored the oestradiol and progesterone level. Conclusion Betaine compensated the antioxidant stress in mouse GCs under hyperglycaemic condition via regulation of Nrf2/NF-κB at transcription level. Implications As betaine is a natural product and no side effect has been reported to today, we suggest more research needs to be carried out especially on patients whom suffer from diabetes to find the probability of using betaine as a therapeutic agent.
Dislocation-tuned ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism of the BiFeO
3
/SrRuO
3
interface
Authors: Li Xiaomei , Han Bo , Zhu Ruixue , Shi Ruochen , Wu Mei , Sun Yuanwei , Li Yuehui , Liu Bingyao , Wang Lifen , Zhang Jingmin , Tan Congbing , Gao Peng , Bai Xuedong
Published: March 2023

Misfit dislocations at a heteroepitaxial interface produce huge strain and, thus, have a significant impact on the properties of the interface. Here, we use scanning transmission electron microscopy to demonstrate a quantitative unit-cell-by-unit-cell mapping of the lattice parameters and octahedral rotations around misfit dislocations at the BiFeO
3
/SrRuO
3
interface. We find that huge strain field is achieved near dislocations, i.e., above 5% within the first three unit cells of the core, which is typically larger than that achieved from the regular epitaxy thin-film approach, thus significantly altering the magnitude and direction of the local ferroelectric dipole in BiFeO
3
and magnetic moments in SrRuO
3
near the interface. The strain field and, thus, the structural distortion can be further tuned by the dislocation type. Our atomic-scale study helps us to understand the effects of dislocations in this ferroelectricity/ferromagnetism heterostructure. Such defect engineering allows us to tune the local ferroelectric and ferromagnetic order parameters and the interface electromagnetic coupling, providing new opportunities to design nanosized electronic and spintronic devices.
Dual synergistic effects assisting Cu-SeS
2
electrochemistry for energy storage
Authors: Zhang Junwei , Zhang Xikun , Xu Chiwei , Liu Yiwen , Xu Jiaxi , Miao Zhonghao , Yu Haoxiang , Yan Lei , Zhang Liyuan , Shu Jie
Published: March 2023

Selenium sulfide (SeS
2
) features higher electronic conductivity than sulfur and higher theoretical capacity and lower cost than selenium, attracting considerable interest in energy storage field. Although nonaqueous Li/Na/K-SeS
2
batteries are attractive for their high energy density, the notorious shuttle effect of polysulfides/polyselenides and the intrinsic limitations of organic electrolyte have hindered the deployment of this technology. To circumvent these issues, here we design an aqueous Cu-SeS
2
battery by encapsulating SeS
2
in a defect-enriched nitrogen-doped porous carbon monolith. Except the intrinsic synergistic effect between Se and S in SeS
2
, the porous structure of carbon matrix has sufficient internal voids to buffer the volume change of SeS
2
and provides abundant pathways for both electrons and ions. In addition, the synergistic effect of nitrogen doping and topological defect not only enhances the chemical affinity between reactants and carbon matrix but also offers catalytic active sites for electrochemical reactions. Benefiting from these merits, the Cu-SeS
2
battery delivers superior initial reversible capacity of 1,905.1 mAh g
−1
at 0.2 A g
−1
and outstanding long-span cycling performance over 1,000 cycles at 5 A g
−1
. This work applies variable valence charge carriers to aqueous metal–SeS
2
batteries, providing valuable inspiration for the construction of metal–chalcogen batteries.
Why-stripping in Persian
Authors: Rasekhi Vahideh
Published: March 2023

I provide an account of why-stripping in Persian, in which there is a wh-phrase remnant cherā why and a non-wh-phrase remnant. This structure looks similar to sluicing with why, in which there is only a wh-phrase remnant cherā why. I argue that even though both structures involve clausal ellipsis, they have different characteristics and the mechanism of deriving them is different. I propose that unlike why in sluicing, which arrives at its surface position via focus fronting (Toosarvandani 2008), why in why-stripping functions as “how come” and is base-generated in the Spec of Int(errogative)P (Rizzi 2001) in the left periphery. In addition, I propose that the non-wh-phrase remnant, which carries a contrastive focus interpretation, moves to the Spec of FocP, before the rest of the clause is elided.
Middle Persian Ezafe
Authors: Samiian Vida , Larson Richard K.
Published: March 2023

This chapter describes one phase of the historical development of the “Ezafe” morpheme, a significant feature of Western Iranian languages. Ezafe is argued to have arisen in Middle Persian (MP) by a reanalysis of the Old Persian relative pronoun ‘haya’ due to a preponderance of copula-less clauses. It is shown that the distribution of Ezafe in MP resembles that in its modern descendants, but differing in three key respects: (i) MP Ezafe is an independent morpheme, and not a clitic; (ii) it appears to form a constituent with its following phrase; and (iii) it patterns like a preposition in various respects. This distribution, coupled with its emergence in the period when the Old Persian case system was disappearing and core functional prepositions were coming into the language, strongly suggests that Ezafe had the status of a genitive preposition in MP comparable to English ‘of’. We conclude with some interesting questions for further research raised by these results.
Concurrent validity of the CORE wearable sensor with BodyCap temperature pill to assess core body temperature during an elite women's field hockey heat training camp
Authors: Goods Paul S. R. , Maloney Peta , Miller Joanna , Jennings Denise , Fahey‐Gilmour Jack , Peeling Peter , Galna Brook
Published: March 2023

Wearable temperature sensors offer the potential to overcome several limitations associated with current laboratory‐ and field‐based methods for core temperature assessment; however, their ability to provide accurate data at elevated core temperatures (Tc) has been questioned. Therefore, this investigation aimed to determine the concurrent validity of a wearable temperature sensor (CORE) compared to a reference telemetric temperature pill (BodyCAP) during a team‐sport heat training camp prior to the 2020 Olympic Games. Female field hockey players (n = 19) in the Australian national squad completed 4 sessions in hot conditions where their temperature was monitored via CORE and BodyCAP. Concurrent validity of the wearable CORE device was determined with reference to the ingested BodyCAP pill. Lin's Concordance Correlation Coefficients determined there was “poor” agreement between devices during all sessions. Mean bias demonstrated that CORE underestimated Tc in all sessions (−0.06°C to −0.34°C), with wide mean 95% confidence intervals (±0.35°C to ±0.56°C). Locally estimated scatterplot smoothing regression lines illustrated a non‐linearity of error, with greater underestimation of Tc by the CORE device, as Tc increased. The two devices disagreed more than ±0.3°C for 41–60% of all data samples in each session. Our findings do not support the use of the CORE device as a valid alternative to telemetric temperature pills for Tc assessment, particularly during exercise in hot conditions where elevated Tc are expected.
Single-cell profiling identifies a novel human polyclonal unconventional T cell lineage
Authors: Billiet Lore , De Cock Laurenz , Sanchez Sanchez Guillem , Mayer Rupert L. , Goetgeluk Glenn , De Munter Stijn , Pille Melissa , Ingels Joline , Jansen Hanne , Weening Karin , Pascal Eva , Raes Killian , Bonte Sarah , Kerre Tessa , Vandamme Niels , Seurinck Ruth , Roels Jana , Lavaert Marieke , Van Nieuwerburgh Filip , Leclercq Georges , Taghon Tom , Impens Francis , Menten Björn , Vermijlen David , Vandekerckhove Bart
Published: March 2023

In the human thymus, a CD10+ PD-1+ TCRαβ+ differentiation pathway diverges from the conventional single positive T cell lineages at the early double-positive stage. Here, we identify the progeny of this unconventional lineage in antigen-inexperienced blood. These unconventional T cells (UTCs) in thymus and blood share a transcriptomic profile, characterized by hallmark transcription factors (i.e., ZNF683 and IKZF2), and a polyclonal TCR repertoire with autoreactive features, exhibiting a bias toward early TCRα chain rearrangements. Single-cell RNA sequencing confirms a common developmental trajectory between the thymic and blood UTCs and clearly delineates this unconventional lineage in blood. Besides MME+ recent thymic emigrants, effector-like clusters are identified in this heterogeneous lineage. Expression of Helios and KIR and a decreased CD8β expression are characteristics of this lineage. This UTC lineage could be identified in adult blood and intestinal tissues. In summary, our data provide a comprehensive characterization of the polyclonal unconventional lineage in antigen-inexperienced blood and identify the adult progeny.
Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Co-60 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 60Co to include the 2020 result of the PTB (Germany), the 2020 result of the NIST (United States), the 2020 result of the SMU (Slovakia), the 2021 result of the BARC (India), the 2021 result of the LNE-LNHB (France), the 2021 result of the POLATOM (Poland), the 2021 result of the ENEA-INMRI (Italy), the 2021 result of the NPL (United Kingdom), the 2021 result of the LNMRI-IRD (Brazil), the 2022 result of the NMISA (South Africa) and the 2022 result of the ANSTO (Australia)
Authors: Coulon Romain , Michotte Carine , Courte Sammy , Nonis Manuel , Wyngaardt W M van , Smith Michael L , Bowan Angus H H , Keevers Christine M B , Clark Emily L , Zarifi Melek , Ravindra Anuradha , Kulkarni D B , Sharma Ritu , Capogni Marco , Felice Pierino De , Capone Mauro , Carconi Pierluigi , Fazio Aldo , Bobin Christophe , Cruz Paulo A Lima da , Silva Carlos J da , Silva Ronaldo Lins da , Leiras Anderson , Rangel Johnny de Almeida , Silva Monica Aguiar Leobino da , Iwahara Akira , Bergeron Denis E , Cessna Jeffrey T , Fitzgerald Ryan P , Laureano-Perez Lizbeth , Pibida Leticia , Rooy Milton W Van , Lubbe Joline , Staden Martin J van , Shearman Robert , Keightley John , Pearce Andy , Ramirez Natasha , Bendall Emma , Collins Sean , Ziemek Tomasz , Lech Edyta , Saganowski Pawel , Czudek Marek , Listkowska Anna , Nähle Ole , Kossert Karsten , Takács Marcell P , Krivošík Matej , Bonková Ivana
Published: March 2023

Main text

Since 1976, 30 laboratories have submitted 85 samples of 60Co to the International Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), with comparison identifier BIPM.RI(II)-

K1.Co-60. Recently, the PTB (Germany), the NIST (United States), the SMU (Slovakia), the BARC (India), the LNE-LNHB (France), the POLATOM (Poland), the ENEA-INMRI (Italy), the NPL (United Kingdom), the LNMRI-IRD (Brazil), the NMISA (South Africa) and the ANSTO (Australia) participated in the comparison and the key comparison reference value (KCRV) has been updated. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR and the updated KCRV have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table. A graphical representation is also given.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Unified treatment for scattering, absorption, and photoluminescence of coupled metallic nanoparticles with vertical polarized excitation
Authors: Cheng Yuqing , Sun Mengtao
Published: March 2023

Optical properties of coupled metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been widely reported due to their unique characteristics such as peak shift/splitting of the coupling spectra and electromagnetic enhancement at subwavelength scale, etc. In a previous work, we have investigated the coupling spectra of two coupled MNPs with parallel polarized excitation. In this study, we investigate the vertical polarization case in detail. Different from the parallel one, the vertical one has its unique properties: (a) three coupling coefficients; (b) positive coupling terms in the coupling equations; (c) blue-shifts of the peaks with the increasing coupling strength for identical MNPs spectra, including scattering, absorption, and photoluminescence (PL). The model shows that for the two resonant MNPs, the spectra reveal only one mode that blue shifts as the coupling strength increases; while for the two non-resonant MNPs, the spectra reveal two splitting modes, one of which blue shifts and the other of which red shifts as the coupling strength increases. The relative intensity of the two modes varies with the coupling strength. Furthermore, the PL efficiency (relative to the scattering) is about the order of 10−2. Comparison with published experimental results shows the validity of this model. This work provides a deeper understanding on the optical properties of coupled MNPs and is beneficial to relevant applications.
Quantum circuit simulation of superchannels
Authors: Wang Kai , Wang Dong-Sheng
Published: March 2023

Quantum simulation is one of the central discipline to demonstrate the power of quantum computing. In recent years, the theoretical framework of quantum superchannels has been developed and applied widely as the extension of quantum channels. In this work, we study the quantum circuit simulation task of superchannels. We develop a quantum superchannel simulation algorithm based on the convex decomposition into sum of extreme superchannels. We demonstrate the algorithm by numerical simulation of qubit superchannels with high accuracy, making it applicable to current experimental platforms. Our study stands as an expansion of the superchannel theory to the field of quantum simulation and algorithm, as well as an extension of quantum simulation from channels and open-system dynamics to superchannels and processes with manifest quantum memory effects.
Uncertainties and coherence in DQC1
Authors: Fu Shuangshuang , He Jiayu , Li Xiaohui , Luo Shunlong
Published: March 2023

Correlations have been identified as a necessary ingredient for the speedup of certain mixed-state quantum computation. In this work, we analyze the model of deterministic quantum computation with one bit (DQC1) and study its information-theoretic aspects involving state-channel interaction. This state-channel interaction provides a new perspective for investigating DQC1. More specifically, by calculating some important information-theoretic quantities related to the state-channel interaction, such as uncertainties, coherence of quantum states as measured with respect to channels, etc., we reveal some basic features of quantum resources for the quantum speedup in this model. Moreover, since the state-channel framework is general enough to encompass all computational models, the studies performed here can be similarly applied to analyze other computational models from the perspective of quantum resources.
A lossless compression method for random integer based on three-dimensional product- triangular chaotic iterative sequences
Authors: Zhang Qifan , Yu Wanbo , Zhang Qizhen
Published: March 2023

Using the ergodicity of chaotic iterative sequences to realize data compression is a new research perspective. We find that, under suitable initial conditions, one or more local segments that are numerically identical to random integer sequences appear on the iterative sequence, which is a prerequisite for compression. Based on this, this paper designs a random integer lossless compression method based on three-dimensional product-triangular chaotic iterative sequences. The method proposed only needs to input a small amount of iterative initial information to compress a large amount of data through an iterative sequence of limited length. The key lies in three aspects. First, according to the characteristics of the data to be compressed, the iterative initial conditions suitable for compression are obtained by screening. Secondly, map the traversal results into a sequence of binary integers to complete the recording of key information. Finally, this binary integer sequence is rapidly compressed using a designed parity symmetric transformation algorithm, and decompression is achieved in its reverse process. As a new way to achieve compression, this approach is not only simple, but also requires less computation time. The experimental results show that the compression effect achieved by this method has obvious advantages in terms of compression ratio, data reconstruction quality, and compression and decompression speed.