bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Usage of Effective Questioning to Enhance Students ‘level of participation in a Grade XI Chemistry Classroom of a Government Degree College in Rural District of Jacobabad
Authors: Mahmood Ahmed Dool  , Dr. Shahid Hussain Mughal  , Amjad Ali Rind
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the current study was to explore the usage of effective questioning during lecture-based teaching in the higher secondary chemistry classroom to enhance students’ active participation. The qualitative paradigm was used in the study within its action research was conducted. The data was collected through multiple sources such as interviews, observations, document analysis, and reflective Journals. The multiple tools helped in the process of triangulating the data. The researcher has used semi-structured interviews, participant observations, field dairies, and reflective journals to gather in-depth, rich, and relevant data. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings of the study revealed that the use of effective questioning serves as a powerful tool for enhancing students’ level of participation in chemistry teaching. Therefore, the use of effective questioning must be at the heart of lecture-based teaching-learning processes. In the study, students revealed that they had developed enough confidence which in the future will help them to take part in classroom activities. Moreover, it has also been found that the classroom discussion encouraged students to express their thinking in a fearless environment. It has been revealed that use of effective question not only develops students’ participation but also enhance their learning. Furthermore, students’ conceptual understanding was improved using effective questioning by integrating it into the college level chemistry teaching-learning activities. The results of the study have practical implications for teaching and learning in the chemistry classroom. Most of the studies around teacher's questioning have been undertaken in Western countries. However, this may be the first study that was conducted in Government Degree College for Boys, in the rural context of Sindh, Pakistan. Moreover, the study can contribute to the body of knowledge already available on classroom questioning and will be helpful for teachers in teaching science generally and chemistry particularly to enhance students' participation. This study recommends that questioning skills should be incorporated systematically into teaching-learning activities and practice to enhance students’ level of participation.
Comparative Frame Analysis of ‘War on Terror’: Content Analysis of USA and Pakistan’s Press
Authors: Shazia Hashmat  , Dr. Bakht Rawan
Published: October 2020

This study explores the role of leading newspapers of both America and Pakistan on the war-on-terror (WoT). The comparative framing analysis of the WoT in the selected newspapers Dawn (Pakistan) and The New York Times (USA) was carried out. Content analysis in which Categorization Scheme was used with predefined categories that were made on the basis of Framing theory. Five different news frames are deduced by Semetko and Valkenburg (2000) i.e. attribution of responsibility, human interest, conflict, morality, and economics were looked at in the selected newspapers. The coverage and framing of USA’s press related to the war on terror were dominated by regional foreign politics especially the framing of Pakistan and its role in the war on terror. The mean length of the news stories in The New York Times (USA) was significantly more than Dawn. The New York Times (USA) carried a more negative tone than Dawn (Pakistan). Frames used in Dawn (Pakistan) and The New York Times (USA) did not have a statistically significant difference. The conflict frame was used more than any other frame in the coverage of WoT in both the newspapers. This study revealed that the coverage trend of media reporting on WoT in the press of both Pakistan and USA. Also how frames in the press used are subjective to the internal politics of country in order to receive a sense of legitimacy and support.
Impact of Leadership Traits on School Improvement of Secondary School Principals in Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Maria Noureen  , Dr. Nazir Haider Shah  , Dr. Ziarab Mahmood
Published: October 2020

The major purpose of the research was to examine the effects of leadership traits of secondary school principals on school improvement. A descriptive research method was used to conduct the study. All 2270 secondary school teachers and 317 principals of division Mirpur were the population of the study. A universal sampling technique was used for the selection of samples. A questionnaire was developed which was focused on the objectives of the study. The instrument was based on the effects of leadership traits on school improvement. The instrument was validated from two experts of the field and the reliability of the questionnaire was measured through Cronbach's alpha. The reliability of the instrument was found .823 which was excellent for using the tool. The researcher used mean and linear regression tests for the analysis of data. It was found that the leadership traits of secondary school principals had a positive effect on school improvement. Therefore, it is recommended that school principals are proposed to practice different leadership traits in their school management to enhance school improvement.
Translational Style: A Corpus-Based Comparative Analysis of English Translations of Urdu Fiction by Memon and Naqvi
Authors: Muhammad Javed Iqbal  , Masroor Sibtain  , Rabia Shahzadi
Published: October 2020

The present paper comparatively analyzes English translations of Urdu fiction by Umer Memon and Saeed Naqvi to identify translational stylistic features. The data for this paper consists of two corpora; the first corpus comprises Memon’s translations (TR1) and the second corpus consists of Naqvi’s translations (TR2). To validate the results, the paper takes Corpus of Canons of Western Literature (CCWL) as a reference corpus. Open class lexis is taken as a stylistic marker. All the three corpora are tagged through Stanford tagger (Toutanova, 2003), and the frequencies of open class lexis are acquired by using AntConc (3.4.4). It is found that TR1 and TR2 show almost the same stylistic qualities on the use of proper nouns, lexical verbs, past tense, comparative and superlative adjectives, and comparative and superlative adverbs. However, the variance occurs in the use of count nouns and proper plural nouns. This paper will contribute to better understand the stylistic features of English translations of Urdu fiction and the trending modes of English translation itself.
Effectiveness/Impact of ICTs on Academic Achievement of Students
Authors: Syed Yasir Ali Gilani  , Prof. Dr. Syed Manzoor H Shah  , Dr. Iqbal Majoka
Published: October 2020

The present study has been conducted to discover the “Impact/Effect of ICTs on Academic Achievement of Students at Post Graduate Level” in public sectors general universities of Federal Capital Islamabad. The objectives of the study were; to examine the use of ICTs and their impact on academic achievement of students at post graduate level. The population of the research study has been comprised of 460 students’ from federal public sector universities offering post graduate study in the fields of social sciences. The sample of study was comprised of two hundred and ten students; chosen by proportionate random sampling technique.The tools of the research (questionnaire) were formulated on five-point (Likert) scale, the reliability were authenticated by pilot testing and was found satisfactory at 0.96. After the data collection, the analysis were made using percentage, mean, and the chi-square (χ2) statistical tool.The overall derived results in this research study depict that ICTs plays a vital role in learning process globally.On the basis of analyzed data and conclusions it is recommended that postgraduate students should be trained via refresher courses, seminars and training programs for usage of ICTs before the start of the research.
A Structuralist Analysis of Wordsworth’s Ode: Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood
Authors: Dr. Ghulam Murtaza  , Qasim Shafiq  , Dr. Asim Aqeel
Published: October 2020

Romantic imagination is against any fixation of form and rules and regulations but any creative attempt, however anti-rule it may be, must have some underlying principles governing its structure. This article explores Wordsworth's Ode: Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood from a structuralist perspective. Structuralism with its roots in Ferdinand de Saussure’s structural view of language sees cultural phenomena and literary endeavors as structured based on the underlying rules governing the writing of the creative work. This article joins two contradictory ideas: Romantic poetry which glorifies the author's subjectivity and structuralism which beliefs in the death of the author. However, this article analyzes the ode from a structuralist perspective and principles of criticism: parallels and echoes, reflections and repetitions, contrasts, and patterns of language and imagery. It also studies the Ode's relationship with the tradition of the genre and its differences from and similarities to other odes.
Experimental and Simulation Study of Effects in Etched Patch Antenna with Multi Slots
Authors: Ambalgi Ambresh P. , Sujata S. K. , Vaish Arti
Published: October 2020

This paper aims for the design and development of a multi slotted novel patch antenna with multiband characteristics. The work focused on designing a patch, feedline with novel multi-slots on the same patch which can be commonly used in wireless applications. In addition, the analysis shows the effects of the improved antenna properties obtained by etching such novel slots on epoxy dielectric substrate using photolithography process. The paper concentrated on the design aspects of the patch antenna with slot dimensions as a function of operating wavelength (λ) to get better results. The antennas are implemented with the help of software package V15.4 - Integral Three-Dimension Equation (IE3D) EM simulator. The experimental and simulation findings show the overall required bandwidth of 1120MHz with a return loss of -43dB achieving a gain of 8.39dB with better radiation characteristics.
Effects of two synthetic pyrethroids on Arthrospira platensis Gomont growth and antioxidant parameters
Authors: Tunca Hatice , Hödük Kübra , Köçkar Feray , Doğru Ali , Sevindik Tuğba Ongun
Published: October 2020

The transport of pesticides from application areas to other areas results in pesticide contamination and this sort of contamination has led to unexpected environmental problems worldwide. It is important to determine the responses of phytoplanktonic organisms to these chemicals for an understanding of the effects of pesticides on aquatic ecosystems. In this study, Arthrospira platensis Gomont cyanobacteria were exposed to different concentrations of the pesticides cypermethrin (0-50 µg mL-1) and deltamethrin (0-2 µg mL-1). Changes in chlorophyll-a concentration, the absorbance of OD560, antioxidant parameters (SOD, APX, GR, MDA, H2O2, and proline) were determined under the pesticide exposure. Our results showed that there is a decrease in OD560 absorbance and chlorophyll-a content proportionate to the increase of pesticide levels. Superoxide dismutase enzyme activity decreased with Cyp and Dlm application in A. platensis cultures. Glutathione reductase enzyme activity also decreased with Cyp applications but did not change with Dlm application. Ascorbate peroxidase enzyme activity increased with Cyp treatments but did not change with Dlm applications. Although malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents did not change with Cyp applications, they increased with Dlm applications. Proline contents increased with Cyp applications but decreased with Dlm applications. In conclusion, deltamethrin is more toxic than cypermethrin in the concentrations applied.
Assessment of doing business in different countries: relative and general indicators
Authors: YARMAK Olha , CHERNIAIEVA Anna
Published: October 2020

Introduction. The complexity of doing business varies greatly from country to country. Different countries have different taxes. Also, the number of permits to start a business can vary significantly. There are also hidden obstacles: corruption, protectionism, difficulties in hiring and laid off labor. It is also influenced by differences in mentality, distance between countries, differences in legislation, and so on. Knowledge and ability to assess these factors will allow you to choose a country in which to effectively implement business and effectively manage them.
The purpose of the paper is to clarify the indicator that determines the ease of doing business. This figure will be refined by relative components, depending on the country where the business organizer lives and its actual location. It is proposed to use primarily to open a foreign business or business in different regions of a large country.
Results. Improvement of the indicator for assessing doing business for different countries and territories is proposed. The indicator is proposed to be divided into two components: general and relative. The general part only depends on the country or territory where the business is being conducted. The relative part depends on the difference between the indicators of the country where the business is conducted and the indicators of the country of the entrepreneur. These indicators are defined for a group of countries. The relative part of the indicator was determined for Ukraine. A comparison is made of the ease of starting a business for a citizen of Ukraine in Poland, China and Germany.
Conclusion. This technique will allow you to scientifically choose a country to start a business. Of the countries discussed in the article, the most attractive is Poland. In further works it is possible to clarify the components of the indicator of ease of doing business and clarify the methods of determining its components. Properly chosen country will increase its profitability, make management faster and more efficient. It also allows you to expand your existing business, get additional customers and suppliers of the necessary raw materials, materials and information resources.
Methodological basis of state regulation of civil society finances
Authors: TKACHUK Iryna
Published: October 2020

Civil society organizations can play an important role in the process of solving the significant social and economic problems at both the local and national levels. However, their contribution depends significantly on the environment in which they are functioning and on the current state of organizing of their finances. The current state of organizing and functioning of civil society finances depends on the state regulation process in this sphere. It is important that the state regulatory activity is carried out on the certain methodology. This article is devoted to the study of the basics of it.
The purpose of the paper is to reveal the methodological basis of state regulation of civil society finances.
The paper provides a comprehensive study of the methodological basis of state regulation of civil society finances in accordance with the generalized scheme of methodology of any activity. The main characteristics of state activity in the field of civil society finance regulation (features of state regulatory activity in the field of civil society finance, its principles, conditions and norms), logical structure of state regulatory activity in civil society finance (subjects, object of state regulatory activity, its forms, methods, means, results and consequences), as well as its time structure (phases, stages, stages) are studied.
On the basis of the carried out research the author's scheme of methodological bases of the state regulation of finances of the civil society is formed. Implementation of the state regulation of civil society finances in accordance with the elements of the proposed scheme is important, because it has a great impact on the results and consequences for the population, the state, business and business structures and for the civil society itself.
Mechanism of removal of a forensic expert in criminal proceedings: problem issues
Authors: MARTYNOVA Liliia , STASHEVSKA Iryna , KUZMENKO Liliia
Published: October 2020

Introduction. The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms states that everyone has the right to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law to establish the validity of any criminal charges against him. Impartiality, impartiality, objectivity of all subjects involved in criminal proceedings, including a forensic expert, are the key to a fair and efficient trial.
The purpose of the paper is a comprehensive, comprehensive study of the mechanism of removal (self-removal) of a forensic expert in criminal proceedings and its analysis in terms of regulations and application in practice.
Results. To achieve this goal in the research process used a system of general scientific and special research methods. Terminological analysis was used to reveal the concepts used in the study. The system-structural method was used during the conditional division of the mechanism of withdrawal (self-withdrawal) into stages in accordance with the current CPC of Ukraine. The application of the method of systematic analysis of legal norms allowed to identify gaps, contradictions in the CPC of Ukraine and to formulate proposals for its improvement. The statistical method was used in the study of regulations, formation and substantiation of conclusions. According to the results of the study, a conditional division of the mechanism of withdrawal (self-withdrawal) into stages in accordance with the current CPC of Ukraine was carried out and characterized; outlined and analyzed the grounds for dismissal on which the expert can not perform its function in accordance with current criminal procedure legislation of Ukraine; identified gaps in the legislation governing some aspects of the withdrawal mechanism; problematic practical issues of the procedural order of application for withdrawal (self-withdrawal) are clarified.
Conclusion. During the research, substantiated proposals and recommendations were developed and formed, aimed at improving the current criminal procedure legislation on the removal of an expert in order to increase the effectiveness of its application. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is that in the first place, the mechanism of removal (self-removal) of a forensic expert in criminal proceedings is comprehensively studied and its analysis from the point of view of legal regulation and application in practice is carried out.
Sürücü Kursları Direksiyon Eğitimi Sınav Değerlendirme Ölçütlerinin Pareto Analizi Yöntemi ile İncelenmesi
Authors: Hatipoğlu Seda
Published: October 2020

Türkiye’de trafik kuralları, sürücü belgesi alma süreçleri, 2918 sayılı Karayolları Trafik Kanunu’nda belirlenmiştir. Trafik Kanunu gereği, Türkiye’de sürücü belgesi almak isteyen bir kursiyerin, 5580 sayılı Özel Öğretim Kurumları Kanunu kapsamında açılmış özel motorlu taşıt sürücü kurslarına devam etmesi ve eğitimini tamamlayarak Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı (M.E.B) tarafından yapılacak teorik ve direksiyon eğitimi sınavlarında başarılı olması gerekmektedir. Konu ile ilgili literatür incelendiğinde, sürücü kurslarında verilen teorik eğitim ve sınavı ile ilgili birçok çalışmaya rastlanmakla birlikte direksiyon eğitimi sınavı ve sınav değerlendirme ölçütlerinin etkinliği konusunda çalışma yapılmadığı görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada, 2018 senesinde yapılan direksiyon sınavlarında sürücü adaylarının yapmış oldukları hatalar “Direksiyon Eğitimi Dersi Sınav Değerlendirme Formu”nda yer alan 18 başlık ve 125 önermeye göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Bu sınıflandırma Pareto analizi yöntemi ile değerlendirilmiş ve önemli azınlığı oluşturan başlık ve önermeler tespit edilmiştir. Pareto analizi yapıldığında 18 hata başlığından 5 tanesinin tüm grubun %83,5’ini oluşturduğu görülmüştür. Bunlar sırasıyla; geri geri park etme, kalkış yapma (aracı harekete geçirme), araç bilgisi sorgulama, eğimli yolda kalkış, geri giderken sağa-sola (L) dönmedir. Çalışmanın devamında belirlenen bu başlıklar kendi içlerinde analiz edilmiş ve elde edilen sonuçlar tartışmaya açılmıştır.
A Numerical Approach to Investigate the Influence of Resonator Setting and Volume Fraction on Stop Bands in an Acoustic Metamaterial
Authors: Ahmed Riaz , Ahmed Hossain , Banerjee Sourav
Published: October 2020

A quest for physics-based understanding of engineered metamaterials inspired numerous researchers to extract intricate features such as guiding and filtering elastic waves, wave focusing, topological insulation, cloaking etc. A traditional metamaterial is composed of a heavy core along with some other materials of dissimilar mechanical properties (e.g. stiffness, density). It is well-established that the frequency band gap can be formed by introducing the desired inconsistency of material properties between stiffer resonators and adjacent embedding matrices. Frequency band gaps are fundamental requirements of many engineering applications such as vibration control, noise mitigation, and energy concentrations. Hence, advanced researches are being carried out continuously to understand the control parameters (e.g. bandwidth, starting and ending frequencies) of the frequency band gap. In this article, a mass-in-mass metamaterial using elliptical anisotropic resonators are considered to investigate the influence of resonators’ geometric factors and volume fraction on band gap parameters. While the elliptical resonator is splitted diagonally in one or both opposite ends to analyze the influence of volume fraction of the resonators on stop bands, a second set of half-circular resonators are also investigated to analyze the impact of resonator parameters on frequency bands.
Sustainability Analysis of Different Types of Power Plants Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Methods
Authors: Dipto Anik Saha , Bari Md Abdullah Al , Nabil Shadman Tahsin
Published: October 2020

Power requirements are growing day by day, and more power plants are being constructed all over the world. Now the goal has been to look for more sustainable sources of electricity. Sustainability of power plants is a complicated concept and depends on various criteria and sub-criteria. By evaluating them separately creates a complex problem. For this here Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methods are used for overall assessment and make a sustainability index for seven mostly used power plants. Consideration is taken to both renewable and non-renewable sources. The goal is divided into three basic criteria (i.e. technology, safety & sustainability, economy) and each criterion is further sub-divided into different sub-criteria. The data is collected from various sources and then analyzed using AHP and PROMETHEE methods. The result indicate renewable sources are typically advantageous over non-renewable sources. In certain cases, nuclear has some benefits over other non-renewable energy sources.
Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Operating with Varying Equivalence Ratio and Compression Ratio - A CFD Simulation
Authors: Rahman Kazi Mostafijur , Ahmed Zobair
Published: October 2020

The performance of diesel engine highly depends on atomization, vaporization and mixing of fuel with air. These factors are strongly influenced by various parameters e.g. injection pressure, injection timing, compression ratio, equivalence ratio, cylinder geometry, in cylinder air motion etc. In this study, a diesel engine has been investigated by employing a commercial CFD software (ANSYS Forte, version 18.1) especially developed for internal combustion engines (ICE) modeling; focusing primarily on the effects of equivalence ratio and compression ratio on combustion and emission characteristics. RNG k-ε model was employed as the turbulence model for analyzing the physical phenomena involved in the change of kinetic energy. In order to reduce the computational cost and time, a sector mesh of 45o angle with periodic boundary conditions applied at the periodic faces of the sector, is considered instead of using the whole engine geometry. Simulations are performed for a range of equivalence ratio varying from 0.6 to 1.2 and for three compression ratios namely, 15:1, 18:1 and 21:1. Results show that, improvement in combustion characteristics with higher compression ratio could be achieved for both lean and rich mixtures. Peak in-cylinder pressure and peak heat release nearer to TDC are achieved for compression ratio of 18:1 that could results in more engine torque. For compression ratio beyond 16:1, effects of fuel concentration on ignition delay is more pronounced. At lower compression ratio, in-cylinder temperature is not sufficiently high for atomization, vaporization, mixing of fuel with air, and preflame reactions to occur immediately after the fuel injection. NOx emission in diesel engine increases due to higher pressure and temperature inside the cylinder associated with relatively higher compression ratio. Rich mixture leads to more CO and unburnt hydrocarbon emission compared to lean mixture as result of incomplete combustion. Engine operation with too high compression ratio is detrimental as emission is a major concern.
The COVID-19 Code – Cracked – WHO can Save The World (?)!
Authors: Kuppuswamy Dr. Velmurugan , Nagarajan Dr. Deepa , Balasubramaniam Dr. Suhasini , Velmurugan Dr. Rajarajeswari , Kottililkutty Dr. Safi , Tarra Dr. (Lt. Commander) Devashish
Published: October 2020

The first step in COVID-19 pathogenesis is the viral spike protein priming by Trans Membrane Peptide Receptor Serine S2 (TMPRSS2). TMPRSS2 promotes viral entry, cell to cell transmission, evasion of host immune response, and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) downregulation. Androgen through Androgen Receptor (AR) increases TMPRSS2 gene expression. Blocking AR may prevent viral entry and other TMPRSS2 mediated actions. ACE2 acts as an entry point for COVID-19 and as the counter regulator in Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS). RAAS maintains homeostasis of blood pressure, salt and water, inflammation, and immune response – through its two arms called “killer” and “protective pathways.” The balance between these two pathways determines life or death in disease states. ACE2 converts Angiotensin II to Angiotensin (1-7), which through Mas receptors mediates antiinflammatory, immune-modulatory, and anti-fibrotic actions. Angiotensin II also acts on Angiotensin type 2 Receptor (AT2R) to produce similar actions, called a "protective pathway." Further, Angiotensin II acts through its primary Angiotensin type 1 Receptor (AT1R), causing inflammatory, cytokine storm, and profibrotic response – called "Killer pathway." In COVID, down-regulated ACE2 leads to unabated Angiotensin II/AT1R – "Killer pathway" – actions producing a vicious cycle of "hyper-inflammatory state," resulting in ALI, ARDS, and death. AT1R activation further stimulates the secretion of aldosterone, which through Mineralocorticoid Receptor (MR), augments AT1R mediated 'killer pathway”. None of the COVID guideline drugs modulate this pathogenic mechanism. We examine the first time in history the scientific rationale for combined AR/AT1R/MR blockade for COVID-19 treatment and prevention.
Automatic Fault Detection and Identification of Exact Location of the Pin Insulator in Power Distribution Lines
Authors: Ashtekar Shubham , Kunnurkar Mahesh
Published: October 2020

One of the recent problems which is encountered and detected in the Electrical Distribution Lines is in the Pin Insulator such as Breaking of Conductor placed on the Pin Insulator, cracks & damage in the pin insulator due to its exposure to the atmospheric conditions such as humidity, moisture & bird excretion etc. Detection and Identification of this problem is very difficult for the operators and linemen working because there are so many distribution lines run across consumer localities and a number of pin insulators placed on each pole and there are so many poles in each distribution lines. In Modern day of human life electricity has a vital importance. Consumers of the electricity always demand a power without interruption and fluctuations in it, And it is also the responsibility of the electricity supplying companies and electricity boards across the globe to provide electrical power more efficiently and take care of all the electrical equipments installed on the system and the proper maintenance of the process and equipments so that the efficiency of the equipments and their work life will be maintained. The proposed system will automatically detect the fault in the distribution lines due to conductor breaking on the pin insulator and its exact location with the help of Current Transformer, Analog to Digital Converter and Raspberry-Pi processor then through the cloud all the collected data is sent at a time to the operator directly in the control room and also to the linemen operating into that area.
A Dynamical Mass of 70 ± 5 M
Jup for Gliese 229B, the First T Dwarf
Authors: Brandt Timothy D. , Dupuy Trent J. , Bowler Brendan P. , Bardalez Gagliuffi Daniella C. , Faherty Jacqueline , Brandt G. Mirek , Michalik Daniel
Published: October 2020

We combine Keck/HIRES radial velocities, imaging with HiCIAO/Subaru and the Hubble Space Telescope, and absolute astrometry from Hipparcos and Gaia to measure a dynamical mass of 70 ± 5

for the brown dwarf companion to Gl 229. Gl 229B was the first imaged brown dwarf to show clear signs of methane in its atmosphere. Cooling models have been used to estimate a mass in the range of 20–55

, much lower than our measured value. We argue that our high dynamical mass is unlikely to be due to perturbations from additional unseen companions or to Gl 229B itself being a binary, and we find no evidence of a previously claimed radial velocity planet around Gl 229A. Future Gaia data releases will confirm the reliability of the absolute astrometry, though the data pass all quality checks in both Hipparcos and Gaia. Our dynamical mass implies a very old age for Gl 229, in some tension with kinematic and activity age indicators, and/or shortcomings in brown dwarf cooling models. Gl 229B joins a small but growing list of T dwarfs with masses approaching the minimum mass for core hydrogen ignition.
Temperature Structures of Embedded Disks: Young Disks in Taurus Are Warm
Authors: van ’t Hoff Merel L. R. , Harsono Daniel , Tobin John J. , Bosman Arthur D. , van Dishoeck Ewine F. , Jørgensen Jes K. , Miotello Anna , Murillo Nadia M. , Walsh Catherine
Published: October 2020

The chemical composition of gas and ice in disks around young stars sets the bulk composition of planets. In contrast to protoplanetary disks (Class II), young disks that are still embedded in their natal envelope (Class 0 and I) are predicted to be too warm for CO to freeze out, as has been confirmed observationally for L1527 IRS. To establish whether young disks are generally warmer than their more evolved counterparts, we observed five young (Class 0/I and I) disks in Taurus with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, targeting C17O 2 − 1, H2CO

, HDO

, and CH3OH 5
K
 − 4
K
transitions at 0.″48 × 0.″31 resolution. The different freeze-out temperatures of these species allow us to derive a global temperature structure. C17O and H2CO are detected in all disks, with no signs of CO freeze-out in the inner ∼100 au and a CO abundance close to ∼10−4. The H2CO emission originates in the surface layers of the two edge-on disks, as witnessed by the especially beautiful V-shaped emission pattern in IRAS 04302+2247. HDO and CH3OH are not detected, with column density upper limits more than 100 times lower than for hot cores. Young disks are thus found to be warmer than more evolved protoplanetary disks around solar analogs, with no CO freeze-out (or only in the outermost part of ≳100 au disks) or processing. However, they are not as warm as hot cores or disks around outbursting sources and therefore do not have a large gas-phase reservoir of complex molecules.
Rifampicin resistance patterns and dynamics of tuberculosis and drug-resistant tuberculosis in Enugu, South Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Ugwu Kenneth Okonkwo , Onah Ifeanyi Sunday , Mbah Godwin Christopher , Ezeonu Ifeoma Maureen
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a public health problem globally. The burden is further exacerbated in developing countries like Nigeria, by poor diagnosis, management and treatment, as well as rapid emergence of drug-resistant TB. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of drug-resistant TB, determine the rpoB gene mutation patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and model the dynamics of multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB) in Enugu, Nigeria.

Methodology: A total of 868 samples, from patients accessing DOTS services in designated centres within the zone, were screened by sputum-smear microscopy, while 207 samples were screened by Nucleic Acid Amplification (Xpert® MTB/Rif) Test (NAAT). A deterministic model was formulated to study the transmission dynamics of TB and MDR-TB, using live data generated through epidemiological study.

Results: The results showed TB prevalence values of 22.1% and 21.3% by sputum-smear and NAAT assays, respectively. Analysis of the rifampicin resistance patterns showed the highest occurrence of mutations (50%) along codons 523 – 527. Factors such as combination therapy, multiple therapy and compliance to treatment had influence on both prevalence and development of TB drug resistance in the population.

Conclusions: This first documentation of Rifampicin resistance patterns in MTB from Nigeria shows that a majority of rpoB gene mutations occurred along codons 523 to 527, contrary to the widely reported codon 531 mutation and that multiple interventions such as combination therapy, with good compliance to treatment are needed to reduce both prevalence and development of TB drug resistance in the population.
Infection prevention and control situation in public hospitals of Islamabad
Authors: Savul Saba , Lalani Farida Khurram , Ikram Aamer , Khan Muhammad Amjad , Khan Mumtaz Ali , Ansari Jamil
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections represent a global public health challenge and are associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) is a neglected area in healthcare facilities across Pakistan. The objective of our study was to elucidate the current state of infection prevention and control practices in public sector hospitals of Islamabad to underscore potential areas for improvement.

Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between November and December 2019 at five public sector hospitals of Islamabad. The World Health Organization’s Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework (IPCAF) was used to assess the strengths and weaknesses of hospitals regarding infection prevention and control. Adapted tools derived from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Infection Prevention Society were used for detailed assessment of various departments. Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2016.

Results: In all five hospitals, the total IPCAF score was less than 200 denoting that infection prevention and control implementation is deficient and significant improvement is needed. The median IPCAF score was 117.5 with an interquartile range of 53.75. With the exception of central sterile services unit at one hospital, departments at all hospitals failed to meet even 50% of required IPC standards.

Conclusions: Significant change is needed to improve the existent situation of infection prevention and control in public sector hospitals of Islamabad. This would involve establishment of functional programs, development and implementation of infection prevention and control guidelines and provision of adequate supplies.
Existing drug treatments cannot significantly shorten the clinical cure time of children with COVID-19
Authors: Li Mengting , Wang Yang , Xu Hua , Liu Changlin , Shi Liang , Ye Qi , Wang Jun , Li Sichan , Mei Yan , Gao Liuliu
Published: October 2020

Introduction: COVID-19 has become a global health security issue, it has caused more than half a million deaths worldwide so far, the treatment strategies are the most concerned issues for clinicians. In this study, the treatments and outcomes in 40 pediatric patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and treated with different drugs were evaluated.

Methodology: All cases were diagnosed with COVID-19 nucleic acid positive by using RT-PCR or clinical manifestations, imaging specific characteristics and epidemiological clinical diagnosis. The biological information and first symptom of all cases were collect. A variety of treatments were employed and the outcomes were evaluated by Cox regression analysis. Multivariable analysis was performed to evaluate cure rate at 14 days with different drug treatment.

Results: The average length of hospital stay was 10.4 days. The cure rate was increased with the treatment time extended and 90% of pediatric patients were cured and discharged after 14 days’ treatment. And multivariable analysis results proved that none of the covariates were related to the cure rate at 14 days with different drug treatment since p values were over 0.05.

Conclusions: Multivariable analysis suggested that the present drug treatments cannot significantly shorten the clinical cure time and improve the cure rate of children with COVID-19.
The Living Atlases Community: Communication and documentation
Authors: Lecoq Marie-Elise , Ruiz Jurado Vicente
Published: October 2020

Managers and developers from organizations within the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) network nodes using the Atlas of Living Australia (ALA) modules have created the Living Atlases (LA) community. Since the beginning, two of our priorities have been the technical guides and communication inside and outside our network. A community can not be sustainable without useful technical documentation, as members must work by themselves as much as possible. Without communication, a community cannot grow either.

More than one year ago, the Living Atlases community hired a technical coordinator, Vicente J. Ruiz Jurado. With the help of other participants, he greatly improved our technical documentation with the Living Atlas Quick Start Guide and increased communication with remote support sessions. The helpdesk, through the use of the LA Slack channel, has been improved as well.

We have also increased our visibility on the Internet with our website and our Twitter account. Over the last few years, we have focused our work on end-users, with dedicated workshops, including exercises made by participants for their users and two videos showing how a Living Atlas works (How to search and download biodiversity data in an Atlas and How to use regions/spatial module in an Atlas).
Assessment of Annotation Needs of Botanists
Authors: Ulate William , Mora M. Marcela
Published: October 2020

Annotation (i.e., making comments on a resource) is an important part of the vision for the Semantic Web as defined by the standards set by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Its goal is to make Internet-published information and data, machine-readable to better utilize it. Despite the important role that annotation plays in the Semantic Web, many cultural heritage institutions have been slow to adopt it. The access to open historical biological literature hosted in digital libraries, like the Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL), has improved the efficiency of biodiversity research, especially in the taxonomic field. This amount of information has even greater potential for research if annotation capabilities are incorporated within those legacy digital repositories. As part of the project Consumers as Creators, developed by the Missouri Botanical Garden (MOBOT) with partners at Saint Louis University (SLU), the Web annotation needs of the botanical community were analyzed. Likewise, the practicality of using existing annotation tools to satisfy this community’s particular needs was assessed, including technical and operational considerations. To do so, 15 users of a botanical virtual library from five institutions were interviewed. Their answers were analyzed and classified taking into account the user role and purpose. Desirable functionalities of annotation software were classified into three orders of priority (Must, Should, and Could). Subsequently, six open-source annotation tools were evaluated (i.e. Digilib, hypothes.is, Pundit Annotator Pro, Recogito, rerum, and VGG Annotator) to explore if they fulfilled the annotation needs of botanists. The selected annotation tools were installed (when necessary), assessed based on different functional aspects, and their advantages and disadvantages were identified. Finally, a proof-of-concept prototype was developed to exemplify how those needs could be met within a digital library platform. Botanicus, a free portal to historic botanical literature from the Peter H. Raven Library at MOBOT, and rerum, functioning as a repository of annotations, were used to explore the implementation of a minimal subset of these requirements. A summary of the results of the assessment, the lessons learned and some of the best practices recommended are presented.
A new species of Elegia (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Phycitinae) from the Balkan Peninsula
Authors: Plant Colin W. , Beshkov Stoyan , Nahirnić Ana
Published: October 2020

Elegia occultalis Plant, sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Phycitinae) is described from the Balkans and compared with related species. Adults and male and female genitalia of the new species are illustrated.
Green roofs and green walls – legislative framework in Bulgaria
Authors: Bozhilova Mariam , Zhyanski Miglena , Glogov Plamen
Published: October 2020

In Bulgaria, public relations associated with spatial planning, investment design and construction are regu-lated by the Spatial Development Act (2001). According to article 62 (10) of this act, each Municipal Coun-cil adopts an Ordinance for the construction and protection of the green system on the territory of the municipality. There are 265 municipalities in Bulgaria and they are free to customise this ordinance as long as the goals and framework of the Spatial Development Act (2001) are maintained. The aim of this article is to review all Ordinances for the construction and protection of the green system available in Bulgaria and to analyse the included information and regulations regarding the construction of green roofs and green walls. The review of the ordinances showed that the construction of green roofs and green walls is not suf-ficiently addressed in the Bulgarian legislation at the municipal level. About 30.2% of the municipalities in the country do not have an Ordinance for development, maintenance and protection of the green system, 33.6% of the municipalities have such an ordinance but it does not mention green roofs and green walls and only 30.9% have an ordinance and it regulates the construction of green roofs and/or green walls.
La biodiversité dans le temps long
Authors: David Bruno
Published: October 2020

La planète a traversé cinq extinctions majeures depuis le début du phanérozoïque. Toutes ont eu leurs spécificités, mais, à chaque fois, la biodiversité qui a émergé après la crise était fort différente de celle qui avait précédé, il y a eu des perdants et des gagnants. Aujourd’hui la biosphère semble engagée dans une sixième crise. Est-ce bien le cas ? Les processus en cours sont-ils comparables à ceux des crises des temps géologiques ? Quels enseignements tirer du passé ?
L’Office français de la biodiversité au cœur de l’action publique en faveur de la biodiversité
Authors: Dubreuil Pierre
Published: October 2020

Objet hybride par sa gouvernance, son double ancrage national et territorial, et la multiplicité de ses missions, l’Office français de la biodiversité (OFB) est aussi un objet singulier dans le contexte international où l’on trouve peu d’établissements équivalents. Il sera au rendez-vous pour accompagner la définition d’un cadre ambitieux pour la décennie post-2020 que nous souhaitons tous voir émerger face à l’urgence de la crise de la biodiversité.
Du solidarisme aux Communautés européennes. Le concept de solidarité dans la pensée de Georges Scelle
Authors: Canihac Hugo
Published: October 2020

Cet article interroge la façon dont le concept de solidarité était, dans les mouvements liés au solidarisme du début du siècle dernier, associé à l’idée de la construction d’une Europe unie. Il analyse le concept de solidarité dans la pensée d’un auteur qui se situe à l’articulation des mouvements solidaristes et des premiers pas de l’Europe d’après-guerre : le juriste français Georges Scelle (1878-1961). Ce faisant, il s’agit de mettre en évidence les passages possibles – et parfois les impasses – entre un concept de solidarité forgé dans le cadre français et l’idée d’une Europe sociale, dont l’avènement demeure une promesse lointaine de la construction européenne. Nous montrerons que la conceptualisation d’une solidarité européenne est étonnamment limitée dans l’œuvre de G. Scelle. Nous nous interrogerons alors sur les raisons de cette sous-conceptualisation de l’Europe sociale dans la pensée de G. Scelle.
Récupération de l’islam par les extrémismes politiques. Retour sur la période 1945-2000
Authors: François Stéphane
Published: October 2020

Nous proposons de revenir dans cet article sur la récupération de l’islam, notamment dans sa composante politique par les deux extrémismes politiques, l’extrême droite et l’extrême gauche. Nous insisterons ainsi sur le fait que cette religion, par ses valeurs, fascine les groupuscules et les intellectuels de ces tendances politiques. Pour ce faire, nous analyserons le rôle de l’ésotériste français René Guénon dans cet attrait, en particulier depuis sa conversion à l’islam en 1912 ; puis nous montrerons à la fois l’existence d’une extrême droite islamophile, dynamique durant les années 1960 et 1970 et d’une extrême gauche fascinée par son anti-impérialisme et son anticapitalisme les décennies suivantes. Enfin, nous insisterons sur les convergences idéologiques des uns et des autres quant à l’anti-américanisme et l’antisionisme.
Instituciones sociorreligiosas judías de Zaragoza (siglos XIV-XV). Sinagogas, cofradías, hospitales
Authors: Blasco Martínez Asunción
Published: October 2020

No disponible.
Los judíos de La Almunia de Daifa Godina, villa aragonesa de señoría, en la segunda mitad del siglo XV
Authors: Marín Padilla Encarnación
Published: October 2020

No disponible.
De nuevo sobre la sinagoga de Sagunto
Authors: Lacave José L.
Published: October 2020

No disponible.
El final de la aljama de los judios de Burriana
Authors: Piles Ros Leopoldo
Published: October 2020

Con este artículo se completan estudios anteriores sobre la judería de Burriana; se utilizan diecinueve documentos nuevos de los Archivos del reino de Valencia. Después de un breve prólogo acerca de sus orígenes, se analizan detalladamente los problemas y vicisitudes de esta aljama durante el siglo XV, especialmente en sus últimos años.
La crianza del hombre, otra versión judeoespañola del midráš hebreo Yeŝirat havalad
Authors: Romero Elena
Published: October 2020

En este artículo se edita el texto de La crianza del hombre, el cual es otra versión judeoespañola del relato midrásico hebreo Séder Yeŝirat havalad, y que, al igual que la versión incluida en el Séfer Lel šimurim [vid. Sefarad XLVII págs. 383-406] pertenece también a la familia textual del Midráš Tanḥuma-Yelamedenu. Se estudian las diferencias entre las dos versiones judeoespañolas y también las que presenta la Crianza en relación con el texto hebreo.