bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organization of distance learning of mathematics in institutions of secondary and higher education
Authors:   Mykhailo Dragomanov State University of Ukraine, Shapovalova Natalia , Panchenko Larisa ,   Mykhailo Dragomanov State University of Ukraine, Volyanska Elena ,   Mykhailo Dragomanov State University of Ukraine
Published: February 2024

The article discusses two ways of organizing distance learning – synchronous and asynchronous modes. The differences of the model curricula in the school education system “New Ukrainian School” (NUS) from the existing curricula are described. Some distance learning technologies are described, namely: cloud technologies, STEAM education, Case method, Crossense, Game technologies, or gamification, Health-saving technologies, Project method, storytelling and tools used by teachers during distance learning. The following services are provided for the organization of online learning: Gios, My class, EDERA, “Mathematics is simple” course. Changes in the organization of the process of teaching mathematics are described, which take place in accordance with the concept of the “New Ukrainian School” (NUS). The methods, organizational forms and teaching tools used in higher education institutions when combining distance learning with face-to-face learning are described. The specific features of the educational process during distance learning in institutions of higher education are described. Various forms and measures are proposed for the organization of the educational process in order to maintain the appropriate level of knowledge acquisition and the formation of relevant skills in geometry during distance learning of future mathematics teachers.
STRATEGI KATEKISASI SEBAGAI UPAYA PEMBINAAN JEMAAT DAN MANTAN PENCANDU NARKOBA
Authors: Yohannes Nahuway
Published: February 2024

Strategi katekisasi adalah bentuk pengajaran sebagai suatu proses untuk membentuk dan membina rasa spiritualitas atau keimanan, bagi anggota jemaat untuk mengatasi kecanduan narkoba dan mantan pencandu narkoba ataupun langkah untuk mencegah jemaat terjerumus menjadi pencandu narkoba. Pengajaran yang sesuai dengan iman Kristen yang dilakukan gereja, melalui gembala sidang, sebagai gembala yang baik, yang menuntun umat gembala (Maz. 23). Gereja dalam “Strategi Katekisasi Sebagai Upaya Pembinaan Jemaat dan Mantan Pencandu Narkoba” dapat mengupayakan jemaat untuk tidak teerjerumus kepada penyalahgunaan narkoba dan agar para mantan pencandu narkoba memiliki kesadaran untuk memperbaiki diri, mengingatkan kembali bahwa mereka adalah ciptaan Tuhan yang berharga, terikat kepada narkoba akan hanya membuat hidup mereka sengsara, dan secara sadar untuk mau hidup menjadi murid Kristus Yesus dengan tidak menggunakan narkoba lagi (menjadi ciptaan baru bersama Kristus).
“Blessed to be a Blessing” RINGKASAN KHOTBAH
Authors: Yoges Mahendra Saragih
Published: February 2024

irst, we are people who are blessed by God. Maybe we think that at times like this, it is difficult for us to feel God's blessings in our lives. However, do we realize that the Lord Jesus never stops blessing us? If you can come to church today with a healthy body, that is God's blessing. If today you can still have breakfast in the morning, it is God's blessing. If today we can still live, it is God's blessing. Second, God blesses us with a purpose. God never does anything without a lofty purpose. Peter said that let us serve according to the gifts that God has given us. Dear friends, this is what we as Christians to do in difficult times like these. We must be a blessing to others.
Machine Learning Frameworks for Predictive Analytics
Authors: Pasupuleti Murali Krishna
Published: February 2024

Covering the spectrum of machine learning frameworks and their applications in predictive analytics, this chapter provides insights into how AI and Python are used to forecast trends and behaviors within vast datasets. It reviews various machine learning algorithms, their implementation in Python, and the role of cloud computing and AI in enhancing predictive analytics. Case studies on intelligent networks and industry-specific applications highlight the practical implications of these technologies in real-world scenarios.This chapter from "Intelligent Data: Revolutionizing Analytics with AI and Python" delves into the application of machine learning (ML) frameworks in predictive analytics, emphasizing the synergy between artificial intelligence (AI), Python, and cloud computing to process and forecast complex data trends. It explores a variety of ML algorithms, their implementation in Python, and the augmentation of their capabilities via cloud computing for scalable predictive analytics. Through comparative analysis, conceptual framework development, and practical case studies, the chapter showcases the practical use of AI and ML in predicting trends and behaviors in vast datasets across various industries. It reviews key tools such as Scikit-learn and Apache Spark, alongside Python's visualization libraries, to demonstrate the advancements and applications of ML frameworks in real-world scenarios. The analysis provides insights into the integration of AI and Python in data science, highlighting the technological evolution and its impact on data analytics. Keywords:Predictive Analytics,Machine Learning Frameworks,Artificial Intelligence,Python Programming,Cloud Computing,Data Analysis,Scikit-learn Apache Spark,Visual Analytics,Comparative Analysis,Conceptual Framework and Real-world Applications.
Understanding bottled water consumption: a survey on public perception of drinking water
Authors: AIMON LATHEEF AHMED
Published: February 2024

Despite strict regulations on the quality of drinking water in many countries, the public is increasingly concerned about the safety of municipal utility water. For this reason, acquiring a better understanding of consumer perception of utility water is an important issue for water authorities and utility managers. In this study, the public perception of utility water and factors influencing public’s choice in drinking water source was investigated. A qualitative survey was carried out for 384 residents in Male’ and results showed that 29.5% of respondents had trust in utility water as a source of potable water. The extent of the prevalence of bottled water was also an important finding, while societal distrust fueled by hearsay was identified as the main reason for public’s distrust in utility water. Furthermore, unfavourable taste was identified as an important issue of utility water, alongside distrust in hygiene levels. It was also found that while a majority of respondents were aware about water standards, their perception on the utility water remained largely uninfluenced by the standards. Areas in which the public utility company could improve on to increase public trust and the means through which the company could effectively reach out to the public were identified through the survey as well.
Prevalence and Socio Demographic Correlations of Anxiety, Stress and Depression among Undergraduate Students of the Maldives National University
Authors: SHANOORA AISHATH , MARIYAM NAWAZA
Published: February 2024

Early adulthood is a transitional period of life and is associated with the onset of a substantial amount of mental health issues and the continuation of these issues across life span. A large proportion of this population are students who have to deal with the societal and academic demands on a daily basis and hence are more susceptible to develop mental health issues than the non-student population. The high prevalence of psychological issues, specifically, depression, anxiety and stress among the student population is a major concern worldwide as it results in many negative consequences such as poor academic performance, increased rates of substance use, and even suicide. Thus, this study was aimed to find out the prevalence of these mental health issues; stress, depression and anxiety among the student population of Maldives National University (MNU) in relation to socio-demographic factors such as gender, year of study and location of study (Campus). A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based descriptive survey was conducted among 932 students of 4 different campuses of MNU. The questionnaire used to collect data included demographic information and DASS-42. The findings of this study suggest that whilst the majority of the student population has normal levels of depression, and stress, a considerable proportion of the student population are experiencing moderate to extremely severe levels of, depression and stress. More than 58% of the students were found to be experiencing moderate to severe level of anxiety. The findings also suggest that female students have higher prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress.A significant proportion of MNU students are suffering from stress, depression and anxiety. The study suggests the importance of conducting awareness programs of mental illness and treatment, with a particular focus on prevention and control of stress, depression and anxiety.
Potential Synergies Between The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals And The Value Loading Problem In Artificial Intel-ligence
Authors: SOENKE ZIESCHE
Published: February 2024

The objective of this article is to identify synergies for two relevant challenges, which are currently faced by the world community, yet addressed separately: The artificial intelligence value-loading problem and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. First, the challenges and their significance are outlined. Subsequently, opportunities and risks are discussed to utilize the Sustainable Development Goals to set the values of an artificial intelligence. History has shown that it is complex to agree on universal and sufficiently specific human goals. Nevertheless, this is a prerequisite to approach the artificial intelligence value-loading problem, which is closely linked to artificial intelligence safety. So far, it has not been considered harnessing the Sustainable Development Goals in this context. Yet, the Sustainable Development Goals can be seen as the closest and most comprehensive existing approximation towards common human goals since it is what the United Nations, i.e. the world community, currently agrees upon. Such an attempt entails various risks, which are discussed and which are anticipated given that the artificial intelligence value-loading problem is considered very hard. However, due to the urgency it is argued here that the Sustainable Development Goals constitute an innovative as well as promising interim heuristic towards artificial intelligence safety
Is blending the solution? A systematic litera-ture review on the key drivers of blended learn-ing in higher education
Authors: ALI RAMIZ
Published: February 2024

Higher education institutions have been increasingly adopting blended learning as a course delivery mode in the recent years. This article reports a systematic review of the current literature on the advantages of blended learning. Starting from 855 papers, ten articles met the predefined inclusion criteria for the literature synthesis. The papers were screened and analysed through three screening phases. Major themes focused on the advantages of blended learning were drawn from the final ten papers and include a) increasing students’ academic performance, b) increasing students’ social abilities, c) decreasing course drop-out rates, d) increasing students’ satisfaction and, e) increasing teaching and learning flexibility. The results also indicate that different higher education institutions adopt blended learning approach for different reasons. Implications of this review and future research directions are proposed
Ethnobotanical Survey of Tomato in Some Cultivated Regions in Southern Nigeria
Authors: MATTHEW CHIDOZIE OGWU  , ANTHONIA ODINITA CHIME  , MARY O. OSEH
Published: February 2024

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum (Lin.) Con., Solanaceae) has a wide record of domestication and consumption although it is not cultivated all over the world. The field of ethnobotany enumerates how humans interact with indigenous plants. In this study, an ethnobotanical survey of tomato in key cultivation areas of Delta and Edo states, Nigeria was conducted to document associated cultural interactions. One hundred and twenty questionnaires were distributed within the study areas as well as structured interviews and animated visits were conducted to assess farming systems. Respondents were mainly farmers (73.87 %). Dominant ethnic group of respondents was Ika-Ibo (37.84 %) in Delta and Esan (47.75%) in Edo state. Male respondents were higher (82.88%) than female respondents (17.12 %) with the dominant age range been 41 – 61 years (75.68 %). Tomato is mainly cultivated on ridges and tilled soil (74.77 %). Most respondents knew two types of tomatoes. Cultivation and importance of the crop are mainly for commercial purpose than subsistence. Food use dominates nonfood use of the crop and is preferred fresh. Source of seeds include previous collections/harvest, nearby market and from friends and relatives. Local methods of preservation are mostly practised. The plant is known by several vernacular names. Results suggest government support is needed to boost production and preserve ethnobotanical knowledge.
Using qualitative data analysis tools ‘fit for purpose’ for making sense of teacher educators’ use of digital technologies in their pedagogical practices
Authors: SHAFIYA ADAM AMINATH , GARRY FALLOON
Published: February 2024

This article describes the analysis process associated with an ethnographic study in which data were generated through interviews, observations, focus groups and hanging out techniques. The purpose of the study was to make sense of how teacher educators’ specific technological and pedagogical practices were formed, with particular focus on the possible influence of their culture. The researcher used various analysis strategies involving the integration of a number of digital data tools (NVivo-10, Mindjet, Inspiration-8-IE, and Microsoft applications) that served different purposes at different times. The article argues that researchers should consider using an integration of different digital tools, applying them as ‘fit for purpose’ at various times during data analysis. It suggests doing this will assist researchers to seek a deeper understanding of qualitative data and manage the ‘messiness’ of analysis, while assisting with the complexity of the meaning making process.
The design of a four-seat reverse delta WIG craft
Authors: HAMEED HASSAN
Published: February 2024

A 4-seat Wing in Ground effect craft was designed informed by an extensive literature review of past efforts in WIG craft engineering. Several designs were considered during concept evolution. The review identified a reverse delta configuration as best meeting the design requirements. A one-fifth scale of the craft was modelled using blue polystyrene foam and flown using an electric motor in pusher configuration. The flight test verified the design concept, and the effectiveness of the design. A key consideration for effective flight is undercambered airfoils to reduce take-off distance. The model was flyable in sea-state 1. It is estimated the full-size craft can get airborne in sea-state 2. A full-scale model is envisaged.
Professional development for enhancing technology-integrated pedagogical practice: An ethnographic study in a Maldivian teacher education context
Authors: AMINATH S. ADAM
Published: February 2024

A substantial body of literature discusses the complexity of integrating technology into teachers’ early established pedagogical practices. This paper examines technology-related professional development and its impact on teacher educators’ technological and pedagogical practices. The data were gathered from eleven teacher educators through an ethnographic approach that took place during two visits to the research site. With respect to the first visit, the researcher spent six weeks “hanging out” with the participants, interviewed them individually, and observed six participants’ classroom teaching. Then, with the second visit, the researcher spent five weeks “hanging out”, and organised focus group discussions with ten participants. Lastly, she had follow-up interviews to clarify and validate the main understandings. The findings were generated through various strategies adhering to grounded theory. Key findings identified two types of professional learning: one is formally designed by the institution and the other is which occurred informally between colleagues. The findings also suggest that teacher educators continued using digital technologies in their early established pedagogical practices without necessarily bringing a change to their approaches to teaching. This paper argues that the professional development does not help teacher educators change their pedagogical practices unless it is connected with their backgrounds and the context of practice.
Demystifying international education: Concepts, ideas and ideologies
Authors: UMAR MOHAMED
Published: February 2024

International education is an ambiguous term often used interchangeably as comparative education, development education and multicultural education. However, research shows that little attempt has so far been made to demarcate the boundaries of international education and clarify the concept. Consequently, most international schools who claim to provide international education all too often end up in providing just the same ‘education’ as any other school, because they fail to focus on the key components of international education which originally inspired the very concept. Therefore, in this paper, various paradigms for defining ‘international education’ and its original aspirations are explored in the light of historical accounts of international education and contemporary literature. The review showed that the concept was initially inspired by the need to promote mutual understanding among different countries, and the desire to enable socioeconomic mobility in the face of increasing globalization. Based on these concepts, ‘international education’ has been defined as education geared towards developing global citizenship by promoting internationalism and international-mindedness, and facilitating mobility of human resources in an increasingly global world by enhancing the competence and confidence of students. It is concluded that any educational programme or system that claims to be international must concentrate on the ideology of internationalism and the pragmatics of globalization
What are the attitudes of Maldivian youth towards Dhivehi language?
Authors: ISMAIL HABEEB ABDUL-RAHEEM
Published: February 2024

The aim of this research is to understand how Maldivian youth view Dhivehi language. This research used a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods. A survey questionnaire was administered to 200 youth under 35 years. In addition, focus group interviews were used to obtain in-depth perceptions. The questions used explore the usage of Dhivehi and external influences on the language, importance given and the general attitudes of youth towards Dhivehi. The findings show that the usage of Dhivehi is declining with more people opting to use English. Some of the identified factors influencing this change were economy and trade, local policies on language use and globalization. It is recommended that changes need to be brought out in education policies to promote Dhivehi language. In addition, local policies on language use need to be strengthened and the use of Dhivehi language needs to be promoted, especially using today’s technological advances.
 
ދިވެހި ބަހާ މެދު ދިވެހި ޒުވާނުންގެ ވިސްނުން ހުރީ ކިހިނެއްތޯ؟
ޚުލާޞާ: މިއީ، “ދިވެހިބަހާމެދު ދިވެހި ޒުވާނުންގެ ވިސްނުން ހުރީ ކިހިނެއްތޯ؟” މި ސުވާލުގެ މައްޗަށް ބަލައި، 2013 ގައި، ކުރެވުނު ދިރާސާ އެކެވެ. މިއީ، އަންނަން އޮތް ޖީލްތަކަށް ދިވެހިބަސް ގެންގޮސް ދޭންތިބި އަދުގެ ޒުވާނުން ދިވެހިބަހާ މެދު ދެކޭގޮތް ބެލުމަށް ކުރެވުނު މި ފަދަ ފުރަތަމަ ދިރާސާ ކަމަށްވާތީ، މި ދިރާސާގެ މުހިންމުކަން ވަރަށްބޮޑެވެ. 35 އަހަރުން ދަށުގެ 200 ޒުވާނުންނަށް އަމާޒު ކުރެވުނު މި ދިރާސާގައި، ކުއަލިޓޭޓިވް އަދި ކުއަންޓިޓޭޓިވް ރިސާރޗް ހަމަތައް ބޭނުންކޮށްފައިވާނެއެވެ. މިގޮތުން އެކި ގޮތްގޮތުން ޖަވާބު ހޯދުމުގެ ބޭނުމުގައި މަޢުލޫމާތު އެއްކުރުމަށްޓަކައި ސުވާލުކަރުދާހެއް އަދި ފޯކަސް ގްރޫޕް އިންޓަވިއު ބޭނުންކޮށްފައިވާނެއެވެ. މި ދިރާސާ އިން، އެކި ކަންކަމުގައި، ޒުވާނުން ދިވެހިބަސް ބޭނުންކުރާ މިންވަރު މިހާރު ދަށްވަމުންދާ ކަމާއި، ދިވެހިބަހުގެ މައްޗަށް އިނގިރޭސި ބަހުގެ ނުފޫޒު ފޯރަމުން އަންނަކަން ހާމަވިއެވެ. އަދި ޒުވާނުން ބޭނުންވަނީ އިނގިރޭސި ބަހުން މުޢާމަލާތު ކުރާށެވެ. މިހެން ދިމާވުމުގެ ސަބަބުތަކުގެ ތެރޭގައި، އިޖްތިމާޢީ ތަފާތު ސަބަބުތަކާއި، ބަހާބެހޭ ސިޔާސަތުތަކާއި، ދުނިޔެ ބަވަނަވުން ފަދަ ކަންތައްތައް ޒުވާނުން ފާހަގަ ކުރިއެވެ. މި ހޯދުންތަކުގެ މައްޗަށް ބިނާކޮށް، ދިވެހިބަސް ކުރިއެރުވުމަށްޓަކައި، ތަޢުލީމީ ސިޔާސަތަށް ބަދަލު ގެނައުމާއި، ދިވެހިބަހާއި ޓެކްނޯލޮޖީ އާ ގުޅުވުމާއި، ދިވެހިބަހަށް އިސްކަންދިނުމުގެ ޤާނޫނުގެ ދަށުން ޤައުމީ މަޝްރޫޢެއް ހިންގުމާއި، ބަހާބެހޭ ހަރުދަނާ ސިޔާސަތެއް ރާވައި، ބަހާމެދު ހޭލުންތެރިކަން އިތުރު ކުރުން މުހިންމެވެ
Student Perceptions on Gender differences of ELT Teachers
Authors: NEENA AMINATH
Published: February 2024

The effect of teacher gender on students of different gender is often shrugged off, as a lot of teachers themselves are not aware of gender biases and stereotyping in particular when these issues may not have been addressed effectively in their training programs, as not much research has been done on this particular aspect in recent years. Hence, it is an area that needs to be addressed in a more vigorous style particularly in the language learning arena, in order to explore and overcome any shortcomings that may exist with regard to gender differences. The purpose of this research is to identify the effects of teacher gender on students in terms of their perceptions as learners and thus cater to the following research question. Which teacher gender is preferred over the other by students among their language teachers and why? In order to do this, qualitative research design has been incorporated and data collected over a period of 2 months were analyzed and triangulated to accumulate the results which indicated that with regard to content delivery, female teachers topped off while male teachers flourished being spontaneous and more approachable in class. Furthermore, it was also found that both male and female students preferred male language teachers over female teachers due to the fact that they were perceived to be more “friendly” towards their students.
Challenges in clinical learning: experiences of Maldivian nursing students
Authors: SALMA HASSAN  , ASIYA IBRAHIM  , FATHIMATH MUNA HUSAAIN
Published: February 2024

Clinical practice is an essential part of nursing education. It provides opportunity to apply theoretical knowledge, and develop skills. Nursing faculty need to identify ways to improve clinical learning for students. The aim of this paper was to obtain an understanding of experiences of clinical learning environment for Maldivian nursing students. A qualitative descriptive design was used and informed consent was obtained from all students. Data was collected from 20 students of Maldives National University, using four focus group discussions. Focus group interviews that lasted approximately one hour were conducted. The interviews were audio taped and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were red multiple times to gain an understanding of students experiences. Discussions that related to students clinical experiences were extracted and coded under different themes. Mentors, clinical learning opportunities, clinical evaluation, and student feelings were found to be important components of clinical learning. Interpersonal relationships and communication with mentors were found to be important for motivation of students. Factors in the CLE enabled students to make good use of learning opportunities while other factors hindered their learning. Students felt that clinical evaluation was unfair and not reflective of their achievements. Students experienced a number of positive and negative feelings due to their experiences in the CLE. A number of factors present in the CLE could prevent it from becoming an effective learning environment for student nurses. It is important that nurse educators identify these and find ways to improve the effectiveness of the CLE.
ޓީވީ ޕުރޮގުރާމުތަކުގައި ވާހަކަދައްކާ އިރު މީހުން ބަސްމަސްހުނިކުރާ މިންވަރާއި ބަސްމަސްހުނިކުރާ ގޮތްތައް
Authors: AMINATH ZAHIR
Published: February 2024

ދެ ބައްސަ މުޖްތަމަޢުތަކުގައި ބަސް މަސްހުނިކުރުމަކީ ވަރަށް އާންމުކޮށް ކުރެވޭ ކަމެކެވެ (ފްރެޑް ޖެނެސީ (2000). ދިވެހި މުޖުތަމަޢުގައި ވެސް ކަން މިހެން އޮތް އިރު، ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ޓީ.ވީ ޗެނަލްތަކުން ފޮނުވާ ޕުރޮގުރާމުތަކުގައި ވެސް ބަސްމަސްހުނިކޮށްގެންނާއި (ކޯޑް-މިކްސިންގ) ބަސްބަދަލުކޮށްގެން (ކޯޑް-ސްވިޗިންގ) ވާހަކަދައްކަމުންދާ ކަން ފާހަގަކުރެވެއެވެ. ނަމަވެސް ދިވެހިބަހުން މި ފަދަ އެއްވެސް ދިރާސާއެއް މިހައި ތަނަށް ކުރެވިފައި އޮތް ކަމަކަށް ފާހަގަކުރެވިފައެއް ނެތެވެ. އެހެންކަމުން މި ދިރާސާއަކީ ޓީވީޕުރޮގުރާމުތަކުގައި މީހުން ވާހަކަދައްކާ އިރު ދިވެހިބަހާއި އިނގިރޭސިބަސް އަދި ދިވެހިބަހާއި އަރަބިބަސް މަސްހުނިކޮށްގެން ވާހަކަދައްކާ މިންވަރާއި ބަސްމަސްހުނިކުރާ ގޮތްތައް (ޕެޓާންސް) ދެނެގަތުމަށް ކުރި ދިރާސާއެކެވެ. މިއީ ބައެއް ޓީވީޕުރޮގުރާމުތަކުގައި ދެއްކި ވާހަކަ ތަހުލީލުކޮށްގެން ހެދި ޑިސްކޯސް އެނަލިސިސެކެވެ. މި ދިރާސާގެ ސާމްޕަލްގެ ގޮތުގައި ކަނޑައެޅީ ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ޓީވީ ޗެނެލަކުން ސިލްސިލާކޮށް ދެއްކި ތަފާތު 6 ޕުރޮގުރާމަކުން ރެންޑަމްކޮށް ހޮވާލެވުނު 12 އެޕިސޯޑެވެ. ދިރާސާއިން ފާހަގަކުރެވުނު އެންމެ މުހިންމު އެއް ކަމަކީ މި ޕުރޮގުރާމުތަކުގައި މީހުން ދިވެހިބަހާއި އިނގިރޭސިބަސް އަދި ދިވެހިބަހާއި އަރަބިބަސް އެކި މިންވަރަށް މަސްހުނިކޮށްފައި ވާ އިރު، އަރަބިބަހަށް ވުރެ ބޮޑަށް އިނގިރޭސިބަސް ދިވެހިބަހާ މަސްހުނިކޮށްގެން ވާހަކަދައްކައިފައި ވާ މިންވަރު ގިނަކަމެވެ. ބަސްމަސްހުނިކޮށްފައި ވާ ބަހަވީޢިލްމުގެ ގޮތްތަކަކީ ވަކި ލަފުޒު ހިމެނުން/ ވަކި ލަފުޒު މަސްހުނިކުރުން (ލެކްސިކަލް މިކްސިންގ)އާއި އިބާރާތްކައްޗަރުކުރުން (ޔުނިޓް ހައިބްރިޑައިޒޭޝަން/މޯފޮލޮޖިކަލް މިކްސިންގ)އާއި އިބާރާތްހިމެނުން (ޔުނިޓް އިންސަރޝަން)އާއި ޖުމުލަހިމެނުން (ސެންޓެންސް އިންސަރޝަން) އެވެ. މި ގޮތްތަކުގެ ތެރެއިން ވަކި ލަފުޒު ހިމަނައިގެން ބަސްމަސްހުނިކުރާ މިންވަރު ބަސްމަސްހުނިކުރާ އެހެން ގޮތްގޮތަށް ވުރެން ގިނަކަން ފާހަގަކުރެވުނެވެ
Characterisation of Okra (Abelmoschus [medik.]) Accessions Using Dehydrogenase Isozymes and Protein
Authors: MATTHEW CHIDOZIE OGWU  , MOSES EDWIN OSAWARU  , URUEMU ONOSIGBERE-OHWO
Published: February 2024

Okra (Abelmoschus [Medik.]) is cultivated in distant farms and home gardens on a commercial or subsistence scale in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Several diverse cultivars exist but they all possess a characteristic mucilaginous substance. Isozymes are enzymes composed of different structural amino acid sequence but may catalyse similar chemical reaction. In chemosystematics isozymes and other phytochemicals may be used to characterize plant germplasm. This study employed dehydrogenase isozymes and total protein to characterize Abelmoschus accessions. Five Abelmoschus accessions including 2 A. esculentus (NG/OA/03/12/157 and NG/OA/05/12/159) and 3 A. caillei (NG/OA/03/12/158, NG/SA/DEC/07/0475 and NG/SA/DEC/07/0482) species were collected from the National Center for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Ibadan and cultivated at the Experimental fields of University of Benin, Nigeria. At maturity, fruits were harvested for analysis at the Biochemistry Division, Nigeria Institute of Medical Research, Lagos. Results showed that variation exist in the quantity of total protein in the five accessions with accessions, NG/SA/DEC/07/0475, NG/SA/DEC/07/0482 and NG/OA/03/12/158 having higher values (33.076 g, 31.210 g and 28.992 g respectively) compared to NG/OA/03/12/157 and NG/OA/05/12/159, which had low values of total protein content (21.227 g and 9.429 g respectively). Isozyme activities of alcohol, malate and isocitrate dehydrogenases showed distinctive results. Significance results (at P < 0.05) were obtained with accessions NG/OA/03/12/157 and NG/OA/05/12/159 having higher values when compared with accessions NG/SA/DEC/07/0482, NG/OA/03/12/158 and NG/SA/DEC/07/0475. When homogeneity was compared accessions NG/SA/DEC/07/0482, NG/OA/03/12/158 and NG/SA/DEC/07/0475 were found to be in the same category, while accessions NG/OA/03/12/157 and NG/OA/05/12/159 in separate categories. The degree of intra specific variation differ for the five accessions. Grouping of the A. caillei accessions in one cluster suggest a within species similarity. Nevertheless, the separation of a single cluster for A. esculentus accessions may suggest a considerable degree of total protein content and isozymatic variation within the species. The isozyme characterization has proven effective in the identification and characterization of these Okra accessions but activities of these isozymes only cannot be used as an indication of evolutionary advancement and classification at the generic and species level.
Graduates perspectives on blended learning in the Maldives
Authors: IBRAHIM ROZA , SHIHAB MOHAMED
Published: February 2024

Blended learning is the combination of both the advantages of online learning as well as face-to-face learning. This mode of education is increasing around the world today due to the advantages it offers. Prominent features including flexibility, collaboration, interaction and accessibility which make it possible for educators to create positive learning environments in order to meet the demands of students. As the Maldives strives to modernise and develop its higher education sector to meet the rising demand, blended learning is a very appropriate strategy. Centre for Open Learning of the Maldives National University, uses blended learning to create a flexible and interactive learning environment. This qualitative research investigated 10 graduates’ perspectives on blended learning conducted at COL, aiming at three areas; content, tutorials and Learning Management System named as Gateway to E-Learning at MNU (GEM). It also explored the reasons for students joining blended mode of learning. From the data, it concludes that students are satisfied with the content, tutorials and GEM, yet there are few aspects which need improvements. Also, it is found that students prefer blended courses due to its flexibility and convenience since it allows being with their families and working, while completing their studies. The study also suggests that self- directed learning in this mode of studies also motivates students to blended learning.
Tense and aspect in Dhivehi Language: A linguistics analysis
Authors: ZAHIR AMINATH
Published: February 2024

This paper reports on a study undertaken in 2013 that aimed to identify the tense and aspect system in the Dhivehi language. As such an analysis of Dhivehi has never before been conducted, the significance of this study lies in the original contribution it makes to advancing the knowledge of the language, following rigorous linguistic methods of inquiry. Based on a qualitative research methodology, the study utilized a sample of 1835 sentences. The results indicate that there are two tenses and three aspects currently in use in Dhivehi. The two tenses include Future Tense and Past Tense. The three aspects are Habitual Aspect, Present Progressive Aspect, and Perfect Aspect.
 
ބަހަވީޢިލްމުގެ ހަމަތަކުން ބަލާ އިރު، ދިވެހިބަހުގައި ހުރި ކަމުގެ ޒަމާނާއި އެސްޕެކްޓް (ޙާލަތު ދެމިގެންދާ ކަންކަން)
ޚުލާޞާ: މި ދިރާސާއަކީ ދިވެހިބަހުގައި މިހާރު ބޭނުންކުރާ ޒަމާންތަކުގެ ތެރެއިން، ބަހަވީޢިލްމުގެ ހަމަތަކުން ބަލާއިރު،  އެސްޕެކްޓަށް ވާ ބައިތަކާއި ޒަމާނަށް ވާ ބައިތަކަކީ ކޮބައިކަން ދެނެގަންނާން، 2013ވަނަ އަހަރު ކުރި ދިރާސާއެކެވެ. މި ދިރާސާއަކީ ދިވެހިބަސް ކުރިއެރުވުމަށް ކުރެވޭ މަސައްކަތަކަށް ވުމުން މި ދިރާސާގެ މުހިންމުކަން ވަރަށް ބޮޑެވެ. މިއީ ކުއަލިޓޭޓީވް ދިރާސާއެކެވެ. މި ދިރާސާގައި 1835 ޖުމުލަ ތަޙުލީލުކޮށްފައިވާނެއެވެ. ދިރާސާގެ އެނެލިސިސްގެ މައްޗަށް ބަލާ، މި ދިރާސާއިން ހޯދިފައިވާ ގޮތުގައި ދިވެހިބަހުގައި މިހާރު ބޭނުންކުރާ ޒަމާންތަކުގެ ތެރެއިން މި ދިރާސާގައި ބެލި ފަސް ޒަމާނުގެ ތެރޭގައި ހިމެނެނީ 2 ޒަމާނާއި 3 އެސްޕެކްޓެވެ. އެ ދެ ޒަމާނަކީ (1) ވާނޭކަމުގެ ޒަމާން (ފިއުޗަރ ޓެންސް)، (2) ނިމިނިމުނުކަމުގެ ޒަމާން (ޕާސްޓް ޓެންސް) އެވެ. އަދި އެ ތިން އެސްޕެކްޓަކީ (1) ވާކަމުގެ އެސްޕެކްޓް (ހެބިޗުއަލް އެސްޕެކްޓް)، (2) ވޭވޭހުރިކަމުގެ އެސްޕެކްޓް (ޕްރެސެންޓް ޕްރޮގްރެސިވް އެސްޕެކްޓް)، (3) ނިމުނުކަމުގެ އެސްޕެކްޓް (ޕާފެކްޓް އެސްޕެކްޓް) އެވެ
The tourism industry of the Maldives, - have we gone beyond ‘regulatory capture’?
Authors: ATHIF SHAKOOR IBRAHIM
Published: February 2024

Since the introduction of the concept of ‘regulatory capture’ by George Stigler in 1971, there has been ample evidence, published globally, on how world class companies and powerful industries influence, and otherwise prompt regulators to act in a manner favorable to them. The Maldivian tourism industry is the biggest industry in the Maldivian economy. While few other industries like construction, transport, and communication have made modest contributions in the economy lately, much of the vigor and verve of these emerging industries too, depend on the vitality of the tourism industry. The tourism industry is not only the biggest industry, it is also the biggest employer and the steward of largest swaths of land allocated for economic activity. Even though this article is written as an opinion piece, appropriate evidence to aptly suggest ‘regulatory capture’ by the tourism industry is offered. Also because of its virtual dominance in the economy the question whether the industry might have gone beyond ‘regulatory capture’ will beraised.
Islam and Radicalism: A Brief History
Authors: MOHAMED M. M. ISMAIL
Published: February 2024

This article explains the nature of of Islam and its tolerance. It sheds light on Medina constitution as one nation in order to understand the relation between Muslims and non-Muslims in the state of Medina. Jihad has long proven to be one of the most controversial terms therefore, the study sheds light on the violent interpretations of jihad by two radical Islamic scholars Abul A’la Al-Maududi and Seyyid Qutub. Their call for unrestricted war against the enemies of Islam has had a direct influence on extremist militant groups like Al Qaeda and ISIS who have carried out terrorist attacks on an international scale, delegitimized the existing Muslim governments, and called for the restoration of the caliphate throughout the Islamic world. The understanding of jihad should be conducted with an awareness of the controversial nature and the ambiguity surrounding the concept in the modern context of terrorism and religious extremism. In response to the propagators of the offensive theory of jihad who keep feeding the already circulating misconceptions about Islam as a violent and intolerant religion, I provide scholarly evidence to the centrality of peace and tolerance in Islam.
The impact of theory and research on three ESL teachers’ beliefs and practices
Authors: MOHAMED NAASHIA
Published: February 2024

An increasing number of research studies report on improved and alternative approaches to the various practices of teaching. However, there often exists a gap between such research findings and any real transformations in pedagogical practices of teachers. This paper reports on a study that examined the impact of theory and research on the beliefs and practices of three English as a second language (ESL) teachers. The study aimed to evaluate possible factors that influence teachers’ resistance to change in pedagogies supported by educational research by taking form focused instruction (FFI) as a model approach for testing. Based on interview and observation data, the results indicate that teachers’ responses to the literature were framed by their existing beliefs about FFI. Teachers were seen to generally agree with theories and research findings that supported their own beliefs while rejecting the pedagogical usefulness of findings that differed from their own beliefs. The study suggests that to reduce the gap between research and pedagogy, it may be useful for professional development providers to use publications that report on current theory and research when working closely with practising teachers so as to make the findings more accessible and relevant to teachers’ own contexts and needs
Fostering Community Resilience for Preventing Violent Extremism: Perspectives from Central Asia
Authors: SHAHRBANOU TADJBAKHSH
Published: February 2024

Community resilience refers to the “capacity of a community to withstand, respond to and recover from a wide range of adverse events, either natural or caused by an individual or a group”. It is a measure of the sustained ability of a community to utilize available resources to respond to, withstand, and recover from adverse situations and to learn from past disasters to strengthen future response and recovery efforts. Community resilience is a term often associated with disaster risk reductions, preparedness to mitigate environment disasters, emergency response and the ability to recover in a way that restores normal functioning in society. Although resilience is a term most often used for development in risky environments (such as a natural disasters), it is increasingly used for a broader set of adversity: economic downturn, a pandemic, crime, conflicts and terrorism. This paper will focus on how community resilience can help prevent terrorism
Relationships between bullies, victims and mental health issues among adolescents
Authors: NASHEEDA AISHATH , NORLIZAH C.HASSAN  , SITI AISHAH HASSAN
Published: February 2024

The main purpose of this research is to examine the relationships between bullies, victims and mental health among adolescents in Maldives. The study investigates the types of bullying and victimization common among adolescent boys and girls. The study also investigate the types of mental health among adolescents in Maldives. Furthermore, this study investigates the moderating effects of gender and age on the relationship between bullies, victims and mental health among adolescents in Maldives. The research adopts a cross sectional quantitative survey method. Adolescents Peer Relation Inventory (APRI) for bullying and Mental Health Index (MHI38) were used as research instruments. A total of 460 survey questionnaires were analyzed in this study. The target group of this study were adolescents between 11 to 16 years. Descriptive data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22 and Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS were used to analysis the hypotheses. Findings suggest that verbal bullying is the most common type of bullying among males and females. Findings on victimization suggests that 85% of adolescents have been targets to all forms of bullying. The relationship between bullying others and mental health revealed a non-recursive relationship whereby, bullying others and mental health have significant negative relationship (-.96) and mental health and bullying others have a significant positive relationship (.96). Findings on moderating factors on the relationship revealed that age and gender does not moderate on this relationship. The study opens new doors for practitioners as well as policies makers on formulating positive interventions strategies such as engaging students in positive behaviours, peer counseling and nurturing empathy so that peers help each other in promoting healthy behaviour in school environment. The study looks through the lens of biopsychosocial model in order to provide insight into bullying. The study provides insight on understanding of the complexity of the life stressors that influence adolescents to engage as bullies and victims.
Distance education experiences in the Maldives: Challenges and achievements
Authors: ISMAIL HABEEB ABDUL-RAHEEM
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study has been to examine the achievements and challenges of several distance mode courses run by two State-funded institutions in the Maldives in the opinion of students, tutors and other course administrators. Thirty-seven students studying or have studied one of the courses offered by the institutions and 24 course administrators  were interviwed face-to-face or by telephone and other means to find out their perceptions of factors of success and shortcomings of the courses. As shortcomings students noted: (1) transport issues, (2) communication difficulties and (3) lack of trained tutors and administrators among others. Over 70% of the students were, however, satisfied by the course experience. Students as well as course administrators noted that once the constraints are addressed this mode of education holds great promise for the Maldives. A limitation of the study was that the data were collected in 2009 and since then a Moodle-based course management systems is in place for one institution and the courses offered have greatly improved.
 
ދިވެހިރާއްޖެގައި ދުރުންދޭ ތަޢުލީމުގެ ތަޖްރިބާ: މައްސަލަތަކާއި ކާމިޔާބުތައް
ޚުލާޞާ: މިއީ، ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގައި ދުރުންދޭ ތަޢުލީމުގެ ނިޒާމުން، ސެންޓަރ ފޯރ ކޮންޓިނިއުންގ އެޑިޔުކޭޝަން އާއި، ސެންޓަރ ފޯރ އޯޕަން ލާރނިންގ އިން 2009 ވަނަ އަހަރާ ހަމައަށް ހިންގަމުން ގޮސްފައިވާ ކޯސްތަކާ މެދު ދަރިވަރުންނާއި ކޯސް ހިންގި ފަރާތްތައް ދެކޭ ގޮތް ދިރާސާކޮށްފައިވާ ގޮތުގެ ރިޕޯޓެކެވެ. މި ތަންތަނުން ކޯސް ހެދި 37 ދަރިވަރުންނާއި އަދި ކިޔަވައިދިނުމުގައި، އެކި ހައިސިއްޔަތުން ބައިވެރިވި 24މީހުންނާ އިންޓަރވިޔޫ ކޮށް، ކޯސް ހިންގުމުގައި،އެމީހުންނަށް ދިމާވި މައްސަލަތަކާއި ކާމިޔާބުތަކާ ބެހޭ މަޢުލޫމާތު ހޯދިފައި ވެއެވެ. މި ދިރާސާގެ ހޯދުންތަކުން އެނގުނީ،ދުރުންދޭ ތަޢުލީމަކީ، ރާއްޖެއަށް އާ ކަމަކަށްވެފައި، ފަށައިގަތްއިރު ތަޖްރިބާ ނެތުމާއެކު ކޯސްތައް ހިންގުމާއި، ކިޔަވައިދިނުމުގައި، ތަފާތު ހުރަސްތަކެއް ކުރިމަތިވެފައިވާކަމެވެ. އޭގެ ތެރޭގައި، ދަތުރުފަތުރާއި، މުވާޞަލާތީ ދަތިތަކާއި، ޤާބިލް މީހުން ނެތުމާއި، ޚަރަދު ނުލިބުމާއި، ޒަމާނީ ޓެކްނޯލޮޖީ އެހާ ބޮޑަށް ބޭނުން ކުރެވިފައި ނެތުމާއި، ހޭލުންތެރިކަން ކުޑަވުމާއި، ކިޔަވައިދިނުމުގެ ފެންވަރު ނުހިފެހެއްޓުމާއި، ފެންވަރު ބަލާނޭ ހަރުދަނާ ނިޒާމެއް ޤާއިމް ނުކުރެވުން ފަދަ ކަންކަން ހިމެނެއެވެ. މި ނިޒާމުން، ރާއްޖޭގައި ހިންގި ކޯސްތަކަކީ، އެހާ ކާމިޔާބު ކޯސްތަކެއް ކަމުގައި ނުވި ނަމަވެސް، މި ނިޒާމުން ކިޔެވި ބައެއް ދަރިވަރުންނަށް ވަޒީފާ ލިބިފައިވާތީ، މިއީ، ހޯދުނު ކާމިޔާބީއެއް ކަން، މި ދިރާސާ އިން ހާމަވިއެވެ
Systematic Review: Vitamin D Deficiency in Women and Correlation with Lifestyle for Women: A Focus on Asian Women
Authors: ZEBA UN NAHER  , AMINATH HUDA  , KANNAN SUBBARAM  , PUNYA LAXMI MANANDHAR  , K M HURIA PARVEEN
Published: February 2024

Inadequate vitamin D levels are a worldwide health problem that threatens not just bone health but also other aspects of human wellness. Because Asian women are a distinct demographic shaped by culture, location, and personal decisions, this systematic review explores the nuanced connection between lifestyle variables and vitamin D insufficiency in this population. The study’s primary aim is to answer three research questions about deficiencies: (1) the lifestyle factors that contribute to them, (2) the effects on health as a whole, and (3) the most effective interventions and remedies. Keywords: COVID-19 crisis, public opinion, Maldives, preferences, valuesThe results show that vitamin D insufficiency in Asian women is highly influenced by clothing choices, occupational limits, and regional differences in sun exposure. The deficiency, in turn, is shown in the literature, to be associated with diverse health consequences, including infertility, metabolic syndrome, and pregnancy-related complications. To mitigate deficiency, culturally sensitive interventions are essential. Optimizing safe sun exposure, dietary modifications, supplementation, education, and specialized prenatal care offer promising strategies. Healthcare providers and policymakers must collaborate to develop comprehensive, culturally tailored approaches to address vitamin D deficiency among Asian women, ultimately enhancing their health and quality of life. This systematic review contributes critical insights into a multifaceted health issue and emphasizes the importance of personalized interventions within this specific demographic.
Designing Learning Spaces for Effective Learning
Authors: NURKHAMIMI ZAINUDDIN  , ROZHAN  M.  IDRUS  , HMAD  FARID  MOHD.  JAMAL
Published: February 2024

The connections between the design and use of space in higher education, and the production of teaching and learning, and of research, are not well understood. This study reports the developmental steps prior building the learning spaces in Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM). Space issues in higher education have usually been considered either in the context of space planning (the aim of which is to provide appropriate amounts of space for defined uses, and to maximise its use once provided) or as part of campus planning and building design. The findings report the level of design effectiveness of the learning spaces in USIM. The recommendation from learning space users to be utilised on the design improvement for the next learning spaces in USIM will be reported in this study
Application of law in employment contracts: practices, considerations and recommendations
Authors: WAHEEDA FATHMATH
Published: February 2024

The COVID‑19 pandemic has brought about unprecedented changes to our daily life. It has impacted the whole world and has forced governments to take extreme measures, ravel restrictions were imposed from late February on tourists from the largest tourist markets and the decisions taken to suspend issuing of arrival visas. This has a tremendous impact and halted the tourist operations in the country. In the Maldives, 45,000 employees were affected due to the COVID‑19 pandemic. This article looks at the different measures adopted by the companies in the tourism industry within the legal arena of contract law and the employment law. This analysis was conducted through interviews with employees on measures undertaken, and the procedure followed to implement the measures. The results show that, the employer acted in good faith; however the adherence to legal principles were weak within the industry.
Moral and Social Development of Students: A Content Analysis of Single National Curriculum of English Textbook for Grade V
Authors: Bin Khalid Hammad , Naseem Afshan , Khalid Sehrish
Published: February 2024

The textbooks significantly impact how children develop their moral and social values. In light of the student’s social and moral development, the current study examines the content analysis of the grade V English textbook based on the Single National Curriculum (SNC). This study's major purpose is to analyze the Single National Curriculum Grade V English textbook, published by Afaq, for its emphasis on moral and social development. The descriptive research methodology is used for the study. The study explores possible answers to the research question: what factors of SNC's V-grade English textbook contribute to moral and social development? According to the current study, SNC's fifth-grade English textbook contains six key moral and social developmental values.
Regulace práce lékařských pracovníků v rámci systému univerzální zdravotní péče pohledem zdravotní ekonomie
Authors: Neugebauer Jan
Published: February 2024

Aktuální dění ve zdravotnickém odvětví se zaměřuje na novelu zákoníku práce, konkrétně na §93. V rámci této problematiky mají zaměstnanci ztížené pracovní podmínky, ačkoliv by tato novela měla právě zaměstnance chránit. Cílem práce bylo zjistit, jaké dostupné informace z akademického, oficiálního vládního i diskuzního prostředí existují, a jaká relevantní data lze z dostupných zdrojů extrahovat, aby bylo možné vytvořit konstruktivní závěry. Celé téma je zpracováno jako teoretický koncept, který analyzuje danou situaci z perspektivy rakouské ekonomické školy, zdravotní ekonomie a poskytuje užitečný pohled na problematiku regulace a reforem zdravotnických systémů. Výsledky hovoří o názorově vyostřené realitě, která vyústila v mediální odezvu ze stran veřejnosti i lékařských zaměstnanců. V tomto případě došlo k prozatímní dohodě o navýšení platů lékařů a nelékařského zdravotnického personálu ve zdravotnictví. Ačkoliv se tento počin poslanecké sněmovny zdá jako relativně vyřešený, prakticky stále není vyřešeno, zda lékařům bude umožněno pracovat v rozmezí až dvojnásobku přesčasových hodin, a ačkoliv by po každé dvanáctihodinové směně, mělo následovat osm hodin nepřetržitého odpočinku, můžeme se nejspíše připravit na další možné obcházení zákoníku práce. Dále bylo zjištěno, že tato i podobná témata nejsou v akademickém ani vědeckém prostředí příliš diskutována, a chybí systémový pohled i relevantní evidence.