bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE USE, QUALITY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF PELVIC EXAMINATION IN PRIMARY CARE FOR THE DETECTION OF GYNAECOLOGICAL CANCER
Authors: Hilman Feisal , Subhakti M Alvian , Prabowo Rafik
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Pelvic examinations are vital for timely detection of gynecological cancers in primary care, yet discomfort can deter some women from seeking them. General practitioners face challenges in managing intimacy during exams, impacting their skills and confidence. Understanding these complexities using behavior change models like COM-B can aid in developing interventions to enhance pelvic examination uptake and address barriers in primary care settings for early cancer detection. A systematic review aims to consolidate qualitative studies on GPs' perceptions and experiences regarding pelvic exams, focusing on their role, barriers, and factors influencing GP behavior.
Methods: The researchers in this study followed the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines to ensure that their work met the required standards. This was done to ensure the precision and reliability of the conclusions derived from the research.
Result: The search produced 18  results. After looking at the titles and summaries, we found 10  papers that fit our criteria. At first, we excluded several articles because they were written in review style. But after reading the full papers carefully, we included five papers in our final analysis. These papers included a cross sectional study, randomized control trial, and several guidelines.
Conclusion: Understanding and predicting healthcare provider behavior in gynecological examinations is complex. The Theory of Planned Behavior provided some insights into intentions but didn't fully explain actual behaviors, which were influenced by external factors like workload. Recommendations suggest tailored approaches for high-risk groups and aligning pelvic exams with cervical screening intervals. However, concerns arise from potential overuse of exams and the impact of fee-for-service payments. More comprehensive research is needed to guide noncervical malignancy screenings and comprehend the various factors influencing healthcare provider behavior in these clinical practices.
Monographs and collections of scientific works on aquaculture and related fields of knowledge published in 2022–2023. Reference bibliography
Authors:   Institute of Fisheries NAAS, Kyiv, Hrytsynyak Ir. , Hrytsynyak T. ,   Institute of Fisheries NAAS, Kyiv
Published: December 2023

Purpose. Forming a reference bibliographic list of books published in the last two years and dedicated to the latest research in the fields of fish farming and aquaculture in general, hydrobiology, ichthyology, fisheries, hydrochemistry, zoogeography, genetics and physiology of hydrobionts, biotechnology in fish farming, etc. Methodology. The complete and selective methods were applied in the process of the systematic search. The bibliographic core have been consisted of scientific publications in Ukrainian, English and Polish from resources available to users of the Institute of Fisheries NAAS Scientific Library. Findings. There was composed the reference list of publications with a total quantity of 94 monographs and collections of scientific works published in 2022-2023, highlighting the results of the latest domestic and foreign researches in aquaculture and related fields of knowledge. The literary sources are arranged in alphabetical order by author or title, and described according to DSTU 8302:2015 “Information and documentation. Bibliographic reference. General principles and rules of composition”, with the amendments (code UKND 01.140.40), as well as in accordance with the requirements of APA style — international standard of references. Practical value. The list may be useful for scientists, practitioners, students, whose sphere of interest and activity covers the issues of aquaculture, different aspects of the biology of aquatic animals and plants, as well as the study of their habitat. Key words: ichthyology, fish farming, aquaculture, ichthyopathology, fish immunology, fish genetics, hydrobiology, hydrochemistry.
DERROTABILIDADE DE NORMAS E PRECATÓRIOS:
Authors: Sandres de Oliveira Henry , Ribeiro Baldan Guilherme
Published: December 2023

O presente texto tem como principal objetivo comentar e examinar o Mandado de Segurança nº. 2003605-19.2009.8.22.0000, de relatoria do Desembargador aposentado Eurico Montenegro Júnior. Para tanto, são abordados aspectos processuais e materiais que levaram até a conclusão do acórdão, bem como as técnicas utilizadas pelo relator e seus pares durante o julgamento, que concluiu pela possibilidade excepcional de realizar o sequestro de valores, utilizando a derrotabilidade de normas, com fundamento na dignidade da pessoa humana, em detrimento do interesse público e do regramento de pagamento dos precatórios.
AUTONOMIA E INDEPENDÊNCIA DO CONSELHO TUTELAR
Authors: Sobral Ricardo Miguel , Sobral Karina Miguel , Oliveira Antonio , Ramos Elton
Published: December 2023

O objeto do artigo consiste na análise da autonomia e atribuição, a partir das atribuições dos conselheiros tutelares, da reserva legal para a criação de nova atribuição, bem como da inter-relação entre os Conselhos Tutelares e os demais Poderes do sistema de justiça. Os objetivos são o de identificar as decisões judiciais sobre autonomia e independência do Conselho Tutelar, quais foram as espécies normativas levadas à apreciação do poder judiciário e a posição jurisdicional. O método adotado foi indutivo, a partir de um caso concreto de Ribeirão Preto/SP e da pesquisa descritiva da jurisprudência e doutrina sobre o tema. Os resultados encontrados foram os de que a competência está expressamente prevista no Estatuto da Criança e Adolescente (art. 136), mas é comum que os demais atores busquem fixar normas que reduzam a autonomia e independência dos Conselhos.
« Ce nord désorienté » : lecture géopoétique d'Abdelaziz Kacem
Authors: Tbini Jihane
Published: December 2023

Cette lecture géopoétique de la poésie de Abdelaziz Kacem, poète tunisien bilingue s’appuie sur trois recueils, à savoir Le Frontal (1983), L’Hiver des Brûlures (1994) et Zajals (2014) et analyse la manière dont l’érudit tunisien dépasse les modèles topographiques classiques, incarnés entre autres par la cartographie, et s’emploie constamment à brouiller les coordonnées spatiales, en vue d’une neutralisation des polarités. Ce faisant, sa poésie a tôt fait d’instituer une nouvelle spatialité, hybride et mouvante.
Mineralogy and in situ S and Pb isotope characteristics of ore minerals from polymetallic mineralization in the Gierczyn-Przecznica area, SW Poland
Authors: Foltyn Krzysztof , Kozub-Budzyń Gabriela , Lahaye Yann , Piestrzyński Adam , Skirak Paulina , Zygo Władysław , Pieczonka Jadwiga
Published: December 2023

Chlorite-mica-quartz schist in the Gierczyn-Przecznica area in SW Poland contains polymetallic ores which were the source of tin and cobalt in the past. This mineralogical study revealed the presence of silver-bearing minerals including members of the tetrahedrite (Ag <3 apfu) and freibergite series (3 < Ag < 8 apfu), galena (0.26–1.48 wt.% Ag), and a phase with the chemical composition of Te-rich canfieldite Ag8Sn(S,Te)6. In Przecznica Sn-sulphides are represented by stannite while cobaltite is the most abundant host for cobalt, followed by Co-bearing arsenopyrite. Glaucodot, ullmannite and members of the löllingite-rammelsbergite solid-solution series (Fe,Ni,Co)As2 also contain cobalt but are scarce in the samples. An exposure in the “Psi Grzbiet” area is characterized by the presence of Ag, Ni, Sb and Te minerals accompanied by very small amounts of As-bearing phases (represented by arsenopyrite) while the mineralogical composition in the Przecznica area is characterized by an abundance of As phases and a lack of Sb minerals. Sulphur isotopes of sulphides from Przecznica are heavier than in most deposits related to the Karkonosze Granite intrusion, while their Pb isotope signature in galena suggests an Early Paleozoic pre-Variscan affinity rather than a Variscan one.
¿Por qué los legisladores establecen sistemas sancionatorios de vía múltiple? Análisis sobre el fundamento, justificación y formas de organización de los sistemas sancionatorios de vía múltiple
Authors: Escobar Veas Javier
Published: December 2023

Resumen: El presente artículo tiene por objetivo abordar el fundamento y la justificación de los sistemas sancionatorios de vía múltiple, es decir, aquellos sistemas sancionatorios en que un mismo hecho constituye dos o más infracciones, cuyo conocimiento es competencia de distintas autoridades, procurando identificar y analizar las razones por las cuales los legisladores optan por establecerlos. Reflexionar adecuadamente sobre el fundamento de los sistemas sancionatorios de vía múltiple resulta imprescindible a fin de solucionar adecuadamente el problema de su legitimidad, la cual ha sido cuestionada principalmente desde la perspectiva de la prohibición de bis in idem.
Head and Neck Malignancies and Neck Dissection Complications: A Cohort Study from a Tertiary Care Centre in Telangana, India
Authors: Rao M Mallikarjun , Jena Shubranshu , Panigrahi Rudra Prakash , Vashist S Kumar
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Complications after major surgery are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, and they have been shown to harm long-term quality of life. Lymph node status is the chief prognostic indicator. In the head and neck, complications from oncosurgeries can also delay adjuvant treatment, which is known to adversely affect survival. Neck dissection is a standard procedure for head and neck cancer following resections of the primary tumour. The invasive nature of neck dissection predisposes patients to a variety of intraoperative and postoperative complications. Aim: To analyse the complications in patients with head and neck malignancies following neck dissections. Materials and Methods: This was a single-centre cohort study conducted at the Department of Surgical Oncology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. All patients diagnosed with head and neck malignancies who underwent neck dissections from July 2022 to December 2022 were included in the study. Complications such as bleeding, haematoma, infection, seroma, wound dehiscence, flap necrosis, fistula, chyle leak, shoulder dysfunction, and nerve and vascular injuries following various neck dissections were observed until discharge. The data was entered in Microsoft excel and results were expressed in terms of frequency and percentage. Results: A total of 67 patients were analysed in this study. Among them, 42 (62.7%) were males and 25 (37.3%) were females, with a mean age of 48 years and an age range of 25-84 years. Three patients underwent bilateral neck dissection, and a total of 70 neck sides were studied. Among the patients who received prior radiotherapy (20, 29.8%), 6 (30.0%) experienced complications, and there were no deaths. Conclusion: Head and neck surgery carries the potential for many complications due to the presence of major vessels and nerves. Carefully performed surgery is the cornerstone of success. Thorough preoperative assessment, proper surgical technique, and postoperative care are essential in preventing and managing complications. A step-by-step approach to studying details and conducting a complete check-up of the patient after the procedure ensures optimal results with minimal late side-effects and complications.
Куда спрятался титан? Структура потенциально нового минерала группы везувиана, "Природа"
Authors: Расцветаева Р.К. , Аксёнов С.М.
Published: December 2023

Минералы группы везувиана — сложные смешанные орто-диортосиликаты Са, Al, Fe и ряда других элементов. Методами рентгеноструктурного анализа и мёссбауэровской спектроскопии была исследована структура высокотемпературного везувиана, содержащего 5.85 масс. % TiO2, из долины Шигара в Северном Пакистане. Параметры тетрагональной ячейки: a = 15.5326(2), c = 11.8040(2) , пространственная группа P4/nnc. Установлено, что атомы Ti находятся не в Y1-пятивершиннике, как предполагалось ранее, а в Y3-октаэдре, совместно с Al, Fe2+ и Fe3+. Обсуждается видообразующая роль Y1-позиции в минералах группы везувиана.
КЕМ БЫЛ ДАТСКИЙ ИСТОРИК СВЕН АГГЕСЕН?, "Средние века"
Authors: Антонов В.А.
Published: December 2023

В статье рассматривается вопрос о личности датского историка второй половины XII в., который впоследствии был известен под именем Свена Аггесена, но сам себя называл лишь Свеном. Между тем в других источниках XII в. отсутствуют прямые известия о писателе с таким именем. Поэтому еще в XVIII в. было высказано предположение, что им был каноник церкви святого Лаврентия в Лунде Свен. Однако это предположение, повторявшееся и в последующее время, основано только на сходстве личных имен и знатном происхождении обоих Свенов. В настоящей статье приводятся более основательные данные, которые позволяют отождествить писателя Свена с другим его современником, а именно с епископом Орхусским Свеном I (1165–1191). Это отождествление основывается на склонности обоих к историческим писаниям, близости к семье королей датских и епископу (архиепископу) Абсалону, а также на сходстве фактов из их биографий, касавшихся участия в датских походах против прибалтийских славян.
Конструирование образа чужеземца в южногалльских житиях XI – начала
XII века, "Средние века"
Authors: Ярных В.С.
Published: December 2023

В южногалльской агиографии XI–XII вв. можно наблюдать процесс методичного «переписывания» житий местных древних святых. Появляются расширенные редакции меровингских и каролингских текстов, богатые деталями, отсутствовавшими в предшествующей письменной традиции. В частности, жития дополняются рассказами о происхождении святого или историей его появления в Галлии. Иногда для повышения статуса героя и обители, в которой составляется новая редакция его жизнеописания, создается подробная генеалогическая легенда. Наряду с обоснованием равноапостольного статуса святого и прославлением его реальных или вымышленных римских корней в это время наблюдается всплеск интереса к фигуре чужеземца. В контексте общей ориентации эпохи на поиск древних корней и авторитетов происходит «превращение» местных святых или их предков в иноземцев. Такие герои, как правило, предстают в первую очередь как носители древней христианской традиции (евреи, греки и римляне) и лишь во вторую как переселенцы в Галлию, представители иной культуры. Описание таких вымышленных чужестранцев очень абстрактно. Помимо экзотических атрибутов чужеземности (необычных имен, близости к иноземным правителям, удаленного места рождения) и ореола престижа, присущего некоторым древним народам как свидетелям священной истории, с образом чужестранца связано появление в житиях «рассказа в рассказе» о путешественниках-переселенцах в Галлию: греках, евреях и даже арабах. При этом введение в житийные сочинения вымышленных чужестранцев отражает не только стремление к максимальной авторитетности и убедительности текста, но и новую для южногалльской агиографии ориентацию на занимательность.
Брюс, или Книга о превосходнейшем и благороднейшем государе Роберте де Брюсе, короле скоттов: Книги VII–VIII, "Средние века"
Authors: Барбор Д. , Федосов Д.Г.
Published: December 2023

[Книга VII. 1307]. Джон оф Лорн преследует короля Роберта Брюса с ищейкой
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ МОДИФИКАЦИИ ИЗОТОПНОГО Н/Н-СОСТАВА СРЕДЫ НА ПРИРОСТ БИОМАССЫ И ДЫХАТЕЛЬНУЮ АКТИВНОСТЬ БАКТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ SHEWANELLA ONEIDENSIS MR-1, "Наука юга России"
Authors: Волченко Н.Н. , Самков А.А. , Худокормов А.А. , Талько А.А. , Малышко В.В. , Барышева Е.В. , Устыменко О.Н. , Лясота О.М. , Барышев М.Г.
Published: December 2023

Исследовано влияние модификации изотопного Н/Н-состава среды на прирост биомассы и дыхательную активность бактериальной культуры Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, а также проведено экспериментальное исследование гипотезы изотопного резонанса Р.А. Зубарева. Оценку роста культур в среде инкубации проводили через измерение оптической плотности с помощью мультипланшетного фотометра Thermo Scientific Multiskan FC. Для определения оптической плотности использован фотометр Multiscan FC для ИФА-исследований в микропланшетах. Определение концентрации дейтерия в полученной среде было проведено на импульсном ЯМР-спектрометре JEOL JNM-ECA 400MHz. Группы с содержанием Н 150, 350 и 370 ppm показывают положительную динамику как по приросту биомассы, так и по выбросу СО (p < 0,05). При уровне Н в 200 ppm на всем протяжении эксперимента выбросы CO несколько меньше, чем во всех экспериментальных группах, за исключением измерения через 14 часов. Изменение естественного соотношения изотопов в некоторых структурных компонентах живых систем сопровождается модификацией некоторых механизмов биохимических реакций у биологических объектов, что обусловлено, например, компартментализацией, и в целом это может привести к более быстрой адаптации под воздействием различных стрессовых факторов. Полученные результаты можно объяснить наличием явления, известного как изотопный шок, который может быть реализован за счет формирования изотопного градиента, стимулирующего работу системы неспецифической защиты, приводящего к накоплению биологически активных защитных факторов в организме.
Research Trends in Technology Change
Authors: Pekk Leticia , Kovacs Zoltan , Hary Andras
Published: December 2023

The publication aim to examine the main trends and tendencies related to technological development with the help of the keyword search method. After an overview of related literature, a “mind-map” model was presented, each part of it was used as the focus subject of the keyword search. Based on a detailed review and evaluation of each keyword area, the paper attempts to explore key features and characteristics, using qualitative cluster analysis. Based on the conclusions and the results of the study, the framework of a comprehensive literature review research can be defined, in order to further examine the connections and correlations of technological development trends.
Effect of Moisture Content on the Yield of Mahogany Seed Oil
Authors: Yerima I. , Bulus Michael , Yerima Tijjani Ibrahim
Published: December 2023

African Mahogany (Khaya senegalensis) is an important tree in Africa. A deciduous tree, reaching up to 35m in height on fertile soils. It has a diameter of up to 1.5 m with 8-16 m bole. The bark is dark grey or pink with red latex. The plant is commonly found in all the Northern States and around South Western States of Nigeria in the rain forest zone. The plant begins to produce fruit after 15 – 25 years throughout the dry season. The fruit is woody capsule, 4-10 cm long and dehisces at maturity. The seeds have a very low moisture content which is good for oil extraction hence its selection. For the purpose of this study, Mahogany seed, distillation apparatus, jaw crusher, water distiller, chiller, soxhlet extractor, oven, digital weighing balance, n-hexane, are the materials used for the extraction. According to Soxhlet procedure, oil and fat from solid material are extracted by repeated washing (percolation) with an organic solvent, usually hexane or petroleum ether. 325 g of mahogany seed was used in 25-x 80-mm thimble. The Sample has an oil yield of 63.58%, with a cake of 206.62g after extraction and a moisture content of 9% as a result of volatile substance due to high vapor pressures. Further studies on the extraction of oil from mahogany seed is recommended with method other than soxhlet extraction method using n-hexane as extracting solvent as the best method of extraction for end users.
Influence of phenolic compounds and flavonoids on the colour and antioxidant activity of Melipona beecheii honey from deciduous forest of Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: Miranda Ina Ramírez , Ancona David Betancur , Ordóñez Yolanda Moguel
Published: December 2023

The Melipona beecheii honey has bioactive compounds with high antioxidant activity that influence its colour. This research evaluated the influence of phenolic compounds and flavonoids on the colour and antioxidant activity of M. beecheii honeys. Forty-three honey samples from different site located in the low deciduous forest of Yucatan, Mexico, were extracted during the harvest and post-harvest seasons (2020 – 2021). The Pfund method was used to measure colour, Folin-Ciocalteu method for phenols measurement, aluminum chloride method for flavonoids determination, and ABTS and DPPH IC50 assay to determine antioxidants. The predominant colour of the honey was extra light amber and light amber at both seasons. Phenols ranged from 780 to 1317 mg/kg GAE; flavonoids from 36 to 55 mg/kg CE and antioxidant were 675 to 1161 µmol/kg TEAC by the ABTS and 361.8 to 173.0 mg/mL by the DPPH IC50.  Phenols and flavonoids were correlated with colour and radical scavenging activity, indicating the influence of these compounds with the darker colour and higher antioxidant activity of honey. The statistically significant difference (P<0.05) between seasons could be associated with the botanical origin with great diversity of melliferous flora present in the low deciduous forest of the Yucatan Peninsula.

 

Keywords: Antioxidant; colour; flavonoids; honey; Melipona beecheii.
Suicide Risk Among US Veterans With Military Service During the Vietnam War
Authors: Bullman Tim A. , Akhtar Fatema Z. , Morley Sybil W. , Weitlauf Julie C. , Cypel Yasmin S. , Culpepper William J. , Schneiderman Aaron I. , Britton Peter C. , Davey Victoria J.
Published: December 2023

Importance

There are persistent questions about suicide deaths among US veterans who served in the Vietnam War. It has been believed that Vietnam War veterans may be at an increased risk for suicide.

Objective

To determine whether military service in the Vietnam War was associated with an increased risk of suicide, and to enumerate the number of suicides and analyze patterns in suicides among Vietnam War theater veterans compared with the US population.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study compiled a roster of all Vietnam War–era veterans and Vietnam War theater veterans who served between February 28, 1961, and May 7, 1975. The 2 cohorts included theater veterans, defined as those who were deployed to the Vietnam War, and nontheater veterans, defined as those who served during the Vietnam War era but were not deployed to the Vietnam War. Mortality in these 2 cohorts was monitored from 1979 (beginning of follow-up) through 2019 (end of follow-up). Data analysis was performed between January 2022 and July 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The outcome of interest was death by suicide occurring between January 1, 1979, and December 31, 2019. Suicide mortality was ascertained from the National Death Index. Hazard ratios (HRs) that reflected adjusted associations between suicide risk and theater status were estimated with Cox proportional hazards regression models. Standardized mortality rates (SMRs) were calculated to compare the number of suicides among theater and nontheater veterans with the expected number of suicides among the US population.

Results

This study identified 2 465 343 theater veterans (2 450 025 males [99.4%]; mean [SD] age at year of entry, 33.8 [6.7] years) and 7 122 976 nontheater veterans (6 874 606 males [96.5%]; mean [SD] age at year of entry, 33.3 [8.2] years). There were 22 736 suicides (24.1%) among theater veterans and 71 761 (75.9%) among nontheater veterans. After adjustments for covariates, Vietnam War deployment was not associated with an increased risk of suicide (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.93-0.96). There was no increased risk of suicide among either theater (SMR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96-0.99) or nontheater (SMR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.97-0.98) veterans compared with the US population.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study found no association between Vietnam War–era military service and increased risk of suicide between 1979 and 2019. Nonetheless, the 94 497 suicides among all Vietnam War–era veterans during this period are noteworthy and merit the ongoing attention of health policymakers and mental health professionals.
The Potential of Genetics in Identifying Women at Lower Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Bolze Alexandre , Cirulli Elizabeth T. , Hajek Catherine , Schnell Blitstein Jamie M. , Grzymski Joseph J.
Published: December 2023

Importance

Genetic information is not being used to identify women at lower risk of breast cancer or other diseases in clinical practice. With the new US Preventive Services Task Force guidelines lowering the age for mammogram screening for all, there is a potential benefit in identifying women at lower risk of disease who may defer the start of mammographic screening. This genetic risk-based approach would help mitigate overscreening, associated costs, and anxiety.

Objective

To assess breast cancer incidence and age of onset among women at low genetic risk compared with women at average risk and evaluate the potential to delay mammography on the basis of genetic risk stratification.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective case-control study included 25 591 women from the Healthy Nevada Project sequenced by Helix between 2018 and 2022. Data extracted from electronic health records at the end of 2022 (mean length of electronic health record available was 12 years) were used for the analysis in 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Breast cancer diagnosis was identified from electronic health records. Classification to the low-risk genetic group required (1) the absence of pathogenic variants or a variant of uncertain significance in BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, ATM, or CHEK2, and (2) a low polygenic risk score (bottom 10%) using a 313–single-nucleotide variant model.

Results

Of 25 591 women in the study (mean [SD] age was 53.8 [16.9] years), 2338 women (9.1%) were classified as having low risk for breast cancer; 410 women (1.6%) were classified as high risk; and 22 843 women (89.3%) as average risk. There was a significant reduction in breast cancer diagnosis among the low-risk group (hazard ratio, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.29-0.52; P < .001). By 45 years of age, 0.69% of women in the average-risk group were diagnosed with breast cancer, whereas women in the low-risk group reached this rate at 51 years. By 50 years of age, 1.41% of those in the average-risk group were diagnosed with breast cancer, whereas those in the low-risk group reached this rate at age 58 years. These findings suggest that deferring mammogram screening by 5 to 10 years for women at low risk of breast cancer aligns with new draft recommendations.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this retrospective case-control study underscore the value of genetics in individualizing the onset of breast cancer screening. Improving breast cancer risk stratification by implementing both high-risk and low-risk strategies in screening can refine preventive measures and optimize health care resource allocation.
Prognostic Value of Anteroposterior Extension in Oral Tongue and Floor Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Contro Giacomo , Sordi Alessandra , Taboni Stefano , Citterio Marco , Ruaro Alessandra , De Lucia Giulia , Pinacoli Aurora , Carobbio Andrea Luigi Camillo , Montalto Nausica , Ramacciotti Giulia , Grammatica Alberto , Marioni Gino , Zanoletti Elisabetta , Maroldi Roberto , Piazza Cesare , Mattavelli Davide , Nicolai Piero , Ferrari Marco
Published: December 2023

Importance

The tongue and oral floor represent the most involved subsite by oral cancer, and there are no reported systems to classify anteroposterior tumor extension with prognostic effect. In other cancers, the anterior vs posterior tumor extension is a relevant prognostic factor.

Objective

To establish whether anterior vs posterior tumor extension may represent a prognostic factor in oral tongue and floor squamous cell carcinoma (OTFSCC).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent surgery for OTFSCC from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2021, at 2 tertiary-level academic institutions in Italy (University of Padua and University of Brescia). Patients eligible for the study had histologically proven primary OTFSCC; underwent surgery-based, curative treatment; and had available preoperative contrast-enhanced imaging.

Exposures

Four anatomical lines were designed to assess tumor extension: (1) chin-palate line (CPL), (2) chin-basion line, (3) Stensen duct line, and (4) lingual septum line. Preoperative imaging was re-evaluated, and tumor extension was classified as either anterior or posterior according to the lines.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Overall survival and time to recurrence (TTR) were evaluated according to tumor extension. These outcomes were reported as 5-year survival rates with 95% CIs.

Results

Of the 133 patients included, 79 (59.4%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 62.7 (15.4) years. The 5-year TTR difference was higher for posterior vs anterior OTFSCC classified according to CPL (21.0%; 95% CI, 8.3%-33.7%), Stensen duct line (15.5%; 95% CI, 1.0%-30.0%), and lingual septum line (17.2%; 95% CI, 2.2%-32.3%). Overall survival analysis showed similar results. At the multivariable analysis on TTR, N status (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 3.0; 95% CI, 1.2-7.1) and anteroposterior classification according to CPL (adjusted HR, 7.1; 95% CI, 0.9-54.6) were the variables associated with the highest adjusted HRs.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, OTFSCC with a posterior extension to the CPL was associated with a higher risk of recurrence and death. This analysis suggests that the poor prognosis conveyed by the posterior tumor extension is independent of other relevant prognosticators except for the burden of nodal disease. This estimate is not precise and does not allow for definitive clinically important conclusions; therefore, further prospective studies are necessary to confirm these data.
Action Research: Mixed Methods Research
Authors: Cabaroglu Nese
Published: December 2023

In its broadest sense, action research is a methodical attempt used by a wide range of professionals and disciplines in a wide range of educational and social environments. Action research can be employed to uncover problems and their solutions, improve practices, understand the effects of an intervention, bring positive changes, or produce results that benefit one or more individuals in a given context through joint work of all parties involved. Action research has several unique characteristics that set it apart from other forms of research. It is a research process undertaken by, with, and for people who will be collectively influenced by its outcomes, thus, making it a democratic and empowering process. Action researchers typically employ a recursive set of reflective and analytical procedures that involve planning, action, evidence gathering, and data analysis. There are diverse models and practices done collectively or singly, as in self‐studies. While qualitative research designs have traditionally been utilized by action researchers, there is a growing trend toward mixed methods design. Based on their research questions, mixed method action researchers collect and evaluate both qualitative and quantitative data, which are then mixed or merged concurrently or sequentially in a single study or in multiple phases of a study. Although the use of mixed methods design in action research may bring a number of major advantages, some critical considerations should be taken into account while developing, performing, and synthesizing mixed methods action research outcomes.
Teacher Cognition and Language Teaching
Authors: Borg Simon
Published: December 2023

This entry provides a broad introduction to language teacher cognition, which is a field of study concerned with understanding all facets of the nonobservable dimension of teaching, such as teachers' beliefs, knowledge, attitudes, feelings, and decision‐making. This domain of research is also concerned with the origins and development of teacher cognition and about its relationship with how teachers develop and what they do in the classroom. After emerging in the mainstream educational literature in the 1980s, teacher cognition gained profile in language teaching in the mid‐1990s and since then has become an established area of study. It is now accepted that language teachers' cognitions have clear implications not only for their development but also for their classroom practices and for initiatives, such as curriculum reform efforts, that seek to bring about changes in educational practice. A significant volume of language teacher cognition research now exists and key broad conclusions from this work are summarized here. The practical implications of this research for language teacher education, development, and change more generally are also outlined. The entry also argues that continuing work is needed to ensure that such implications are more fully understood and acted on by teacher educators and curriculum reformers worldwide.
Action Research and Language Teaching
Authors: Burns Anne
Published: December 2023

Over the past three decades, action research (AR), which is part of a more general movement toward “teacher research,” has found a growing presence in language teaching accredited courses and in‐service professional development. AR is a flexible and dynamic approach to research, which usually has considerable appeal for educators, because of its localized and contextualized applications. In this brief overview, the main theoretical and developmental backgrounds and processes of AR are explained, and the humanistic roots of AR's development delineated. Some recent empirical findings that show the impact of AR in language teaching and how conducting AR can benefit language teachers and further their professional development are summarized. Some of the barriers and challenges to teachers conducting AR are discussed, and the kinds of conditions and strategies that might mitigate against these challenges are suggested. The discussion is ended by projecting the directions that might be taken for AR development in language teaching in the future.
Beeswax and Palmitic Acid Utilization with Heat Pipes for Electronics Cooling
Authors: Szymanski Pawel , Paluch Radosław
Published: December 2023

This article presents an experimental study of heat pipes supported by phase‐change materials (PCMs) coated at their adiabatic sections in application for electronics cooling. The PCMs investigated in this research are palmitic acid and beeswax, the latter being considered as a more cost‐effective alternative. The study focuses on three powers: 20, 25, and 30 W. The experimental results reveal that the incorporation of palmitic acid as a PCM leads to a reduction in component's maximum temperature by 13.3%, 12.6%, and 11.8% for the respective powers. Utilization of beeswax results in temperature reductions of 5%, 5.2%, and 8.4%. Notably, for higher heat flux conditions, the influence of beeswax on temperature control is comparable to that of palmitic acid. Furthermore, beeswax demonstrates a significantly higher capability to mitigate temperature decrease during cooldown, serving as a superior measure against overcooling. Moreover, during the thermal cycling scenario considered in this study, beeswax reduces the peak‐valley temperature by 25%, while palmitic acid achieves a reduction of 14.6%. These findings suggest that beeswax has the potential to serve as an alternative to traditional organic PCMs in electronics cooling applications that utilize heat pipes.
A Self‐Adaptive Pyroptosis Inducer: Optimizing the Catalytic Microenvironment of Nanozymes by Membrane‐Adhered Microbe Enables Potent Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Zhang Lu , Zhang Yanjie , Liu Xuemeng , Song Anjun , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang
Published: December 2023

Pyroptosis has garnered increasing attention in cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, increasing plasma membrane damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is considered an effective strategy for promoting pyroptosis. However, the current tactics for enhancing membrane rupture in pyroptosis are limited by the inherent drawbacks of ROS and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Herein, a self‐adaptive pyroptosis inducer (LPZ) is designed by integrating Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and an enzyme‐like metal‐organic framework to achieve potent pyroptosis immunotherapy. LPZ can adhere to cancer cell membranes through the interaction between the pili of LGG and the mucin of cancer cells. In particular, the adaptive formula can gradually enhance the ability of nanozymes to produce ROS by creating an acidic microenvironment through anaerobic respiration. These results verify that LPZ could generate high levels of ROS both on the membrane and within cancer cells, leading to pyroptotic cell death and strong antitumor immunity. Meanwhile, LGG are eventually killed by ROS in this process to halt their respiration and prevent potential biosafety concerns. Overall, this work provides new inspiration for the design of self‐adaptive nanocatalytic drugs for cancer immunotherapy.
Band Edge Excitons and Amplified Spontaneous Emission of Mercury Chalcogenide Nanoplatelets
Authors: Diroll Benjamin T. , Dabard Corentin , Lhuillier Emmanuel , Ithurria Sandrine
Published: December 2023

Colloidal nanoplatelets of HgSe and HgTe prepared indirectly through cation exchange reactions can transfer many of the advantageous properties of atomically precise, 2D cadmium chalcogenides to the near‐infrared (NIR) spectral window. In this work, HgSe and HgTe nanoplatelets are studied to understand their fundamental photophysical properties, particularly those areas of similarity and difference from cadmium‐based NPLs, and to examine their potential as optical gain media. Similar to cadmium chalcogenide NPLs, low‐temperature photoluminescence of HgTe NPLs displays two‐color emission that depends on temperature, sample, fluence, excitation frequency, and irradiation time. Both HgTe and HgSe show nanosecond emission dynamics at temperatures as low as 2.5 K, with no indication that bright‐dark excitonic splitting governs the low‐temperature photoluminescence. Collectively, experimental data is most consistent with emission from a negative trion state at low temperature. Although the mercury chalcogenide nanoplatelets are shown to have broadened optical resonances compared to the cadmium chalcogenides from which they are derived, they retain slow Auger recombination and can display low‐threshold amplified spontaneous emission in the NIR spectral window. Optical pumping thresholds for HgTe NPLs are observed as low as 4.4 µJ cm−2 and highlight the potential 2D nanoplatelets as gain medium in the near‐infrared.
TREM2‐IGF1 Mediated Glucometabolic Enhancement Underlies Microglial Neuroprotective Properties During Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Yang Sheng , Qin Chuan , Chen Man , Chu Yun‐Hui , Tang Yue , Zhou Luo‐Qi , Zhang Hang , Dong Ming‐Hao , Pang Xiao‐Wei , Chen Lian , Wu Long‐Jun , Tian Dai‐Shi , Wang Wei
Published: December 2023

Microglia, the major resident immune cells in the central nervous system, serve as the frontline soldiers against cerebral ischemic injuries, possibly along with metabolic alterations. However, signaling pathways involved in the regulation of microglial immunometabolism in ischemic stroke remain to be further elucidated. In this study, using single‐nuclei RNA sequencing, a microglial subcluster up‐regulated in ischemic brain tissues is identified, with high expression of Igf1 and Trem2, neuroprotective transcriptional signature and enhanced oxidative phosphorylation. Microglial depletion by PLX3397 exacerbates ischemic brain damage, which is reversed by repopulating the microglia with high Igf1 and Trem2 phenotype. Mechanistically, Igf1 serves as one of the major down‐stream molecules of Trem2, and Trem2‐Igf1 signaling axis regulates microglial functional and metabolic profiles, exerting neuroprotective effects on ischemic stroke. Overexpression of Igf1 and supplementation of cyclocreatine restore microglial glucometabolic levels and cellular functions even in the absence of Trem2. These findings suggest that Trem2‐Igf1 signaling axis reprograms microglial immunometabolic profiles and shifts microglia toward a neuroprotective phenotype, which has promising therapeutic potential in treating ischemic stroke.
Understanding the Stability of Copper Current Collector with Sulfide Electrolyte in All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Li Menglin , Wang Bo , Ma Jun , Wang Zaifa , Liang Yali , Wang Zhenyu , Zhang Liqiang , Tang Yongfu , Huang Qiao , Huang Jianyu
Published: December 2023

Sulfide‐based all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) have attracted wide attention due to their notable advantages in energy density and enhanced safety. However, whether or not copper (Cu) current collectors can be adopted in sulfide‐based ASSBs remains unclear, as sulfide electrolyte (SE) may react with Cu, causing premature failure of the ASSBs. Herein it is reported that in the presence of traces amount of water, e.g. in a dry room with a dew point of −50 °C, the SE reacts with water to produce H2S, which corrodes Cu to produce Cu2S, causing serious performance degradation to the ASSBs. Conversely, in an anhydrous environment (such as within a glove box), SE is virtually inert to Cu, rendering Cu a valid current collector. This study establishes the conditions that Cu can be used as the current collectors for sulfide‐based ASSBs, which provides important guidance for the industrialization of ASSBs.
Surgery for adult head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma: A retrospective report from one institution
Authors: Wang Tian , Wang Jie , Tang Tianci , Li Qiang , Li Yi , Song Xinmao
Published: December 2023

Key Points

Surgery in adults with head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma does not improve survival rates.

Surgery should be performed deliberately and focused on the timing of combined treatment modality.

Adult head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma benefits from salvage surgery following chemoradiotherapy.
Discovery and Mechanistic Elucidation of NQO1‐Bioactivatable Small Molecules That Overcome Resistance to Degraders
Authors: Barbosa Bárbara M. G. , Sfyaki Aikaterini , Rafael Sergi , José‐Duran Ferran , Pous Joan , Sánchez‐Zarzalejo Carolina , Perez‐Lopez Carles , Vilanova Mar , Cigler Marko , Gay Marina , Vilaseca Marta , Winter Georg E. , Riera Antoni , Mayor‐Ruiz Cristina
Published: December 2023

Degraders hold the promise to efficiently inactivate previously intractable disease‐relevant targets. Unlike traditional inhibitors, degraders act substoichiometrically and rely on the hijacked proteolysis machinery, which can also act as an entry point for resistance. To fully harness the potential of targeted protein degradation, it is crucial to comprehend resistance mechanisms and formulate effective strategies to overcome them. We conducted a chemical screening to identify synthetic lethal vulnerabilities of cancer cells that exhibit widespread resistance to degraders. Comparative profiling followed by tailored optimization delivered the small molecule RBS‐10, which shows preferential cytotoxicity against cells pan‐resistant to degraders. Multiomics deconvolution of the mechanism of action revealed that RBS‐10 acts as a prodrug bioactivated by the oxidoreductase enzyme NQO1, which is highly overexpressed in our resistance models. Collectively, our work informs on NQO1 as an actionable vulnerability to overcome resistance to degraders and as a biomarker to selectively exploit bioactivatable prodrugs in cancer.
Pyridinium‐abgeleitete mesoionische N‐heterocyclische Olefine (py‐mNHOs)
Authors: Sun Qiu , Eitzinger Andreas , Esken Robin , Antoni Patrick W. , Mayer Robert J. , Ofial Armin R. , Hansmann Max M.
Published: December 2023

Mesoionische Polarisation ermöglicht den Zugang zu elektronenreichen Olefinen, die als Organokatalysatoren, Liganden oder Nucleophile Anwendung finden. Wir berichten hier über die Synthese und Charakterisierung einer Reihe von 3‐Methylpyridinium‐abgeleiteten mesoionischen Olefinen (py‐mNHOs). Wir verwendeten ein mit DFT‐Rechnungen unterstütztes Designkonzept, das zeigte, dass Arylgruppen an den 1‐, 2‐, 4‐ und 6‐Positionen des heterocyclischen Kerns die kinetische Stabilisierung der neuartigen mesoionischen Verbindungen ermöglicht. Die elektronischen Tolman‐Parameter zeigen, dass py‐mNHOs bemerkenswert starke σ‐Donor‐Liganden für Übergangsmetalle und Hauptgruppen‐Lewis‐Säuren sind. Außerdem gehören sie zu den stärksten Nucleophilen auf der Mayr‐Reaktivitätsskala. Bei Reaktionen von py‐mNHOs mit elektronenarmen π‐Systemen wurde experimentell ein sukzessiver Übergang von der Bildung zwitterionischer Addukte über schrittweise zu konzertierten 1,3‐dipolaren Cycloadditionen beobachtet und durch quantenchemische Rechnungen analysiert.
Precise Regulation of Multiple Resonance Distribution Regions of a B,N‐Embedded Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon to Customize Its BT2020 Green Emission
Authors: Wu Zheng‐Guang , Xin Yangyang , Lu Chaowu , Huang Weichun , Xu Haojie , Liang Xiao , Cao Xudong , Li Chong , Zhang Dongdong , Zhang Yuewei , Duan Lian
Published: December 2023

Recently, boron (B)/nitrogen (N)‐embedded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), characterized by multiple resonances (MR), have attracted significant attention owing to their remarkable features of efficient narrowband emissions with small full width at half maxima (FWHMs). However, developing ultra‐narrowband pure‐green emitters that comply with the Broadcast Service Television 2020 (BT2020) standard remains challenging. Precise regulation of the MR distribution regions allows simultaneously achieving the emission maximum, FWHM value, and spectral shape that satisfy the BT2020 standard. The proof‐of‐concept molecule TPABO‐DICz exhibited ultrapure green emission with a dominant peak at 515 nm, an extremely small FWHM of 17 nm, and Commission Internationale de l′Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.17, 0.76). The corresponding bottom‐emitting organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) exhibited a remarkably high CIEy value (0.74) and maximum external quantum efficiency (25.8 %). Notably, the top‐emitting OLED achieved nearly BT2020 green color (CIE: 0.14, 0.79) and exhibited a state‐of‐the‐art maximum current efficiency of 226.4 cd A−1, thus fully confirming the effectiveness of the above strategy.
Pyridinium‐Derived Mesoionic N‐Heterocyclic Olefins (py‐mNHOs)
Authors: Sun Qiu , Eitzinger Andreas , Esken Robin , Antoni Patrick W. , Mayer Robert J. , Ofial Armin R. , Hansmann Max M.
Published: December 2023

Mesoionic polarization allows access to electron‐rich olefins that have found application as organocatalysts, ligands, or nucleophiles. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a series of 3‐methylpyridinium‐derived mesoionic olefins (py‐mNHOs). We used a DFT‐supported design concept, which showed that the introduction of aryl groups in the 1‐, 2‐, 4‐, and 6‐positions of the heterocyclic core allowed the kinetic stabilization of the novel mesoionic compounds. Tolman electronic parameters indicate that py‐mNHOs are remarkably strong σ‐donor ligands toward transition metals and main group Lewis acids. Additionally, they are among the strongest nucleophiles on the Mayr reactivity scale. In reactions of py‐mNHOs with electron‐poor π‐systems, a gradual transition from the formation of zwitterionic adducts via stepwise to concerted 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions was observed experimentally and analyzed by quantum‐chemical calculations.