bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Women's stories and knowledge of wildlife and conservation practice in northern Tanzania and South India
Authors: Goldman Mara J. , Jagadeesh Shruthi N. , Meng'oru Ngimojino Tubulu , Gowda Lakshmi M.
Published: September 2021

Around the world, Indigenous peoples have stories about wildlife that reflect knowledge and feelings about animals and their relationship to humans. Different people's experiences speak to the variety of interactions people have with animals in the spaces where humans and non-human animals live and interact. These stories are often told by women, reflecting the ways in which gender mediates human–environment relations. Yet gendered differences in knowledge and experience are rarely addressed in wildlife conservation research and action. Even community-based conservation efforts often ignore or marginalize the knowledge and experiences of women. We present women's stories and experiences of wildlife from Maasai communities in Tanzania and Soliga communities in India. We show that women have the desire and knowledge to participate in conservation decision-making but are currently marginalized from community conservation practice. We argue that including women in research and action is key for successful community-based wildlife conservation.
Singapore Teochew as a heritage language
Authors: Lee Cher Leng , Phua Chiew Pheng
Published: September 2021

Situated in Southeast Asia, Singapore’s sociolinguistic situation has undergone several changes due to active language planning policies, with English and Mandarin becoming the two socio-politically majority languages in Singapore society. Over time, this has led to the restricted usage of various non-Mandarin dialects, including Teochew, both in public settings and within the home. This paper examines how Teochew, a heritage language in Singapore, has been affected in its vocabulary usage in apparent time. The data was collected from 41 Teochew male and female speakers aged 12–86 years. This paper contributes theoretically by showing the properties of a heritage language, Singapore Teochew, in an environment with multiple shifts of several major languages in Southeast Asia, instead of the more common situation of one major language shift.
Secondary Flow and Flow Redistribution in Two Sharp Bends on the Middle Yangtze River
Authors: Deng Shanshan , Xia Junqiang , Zhou Meirong , Li Zhiwei , Duan Guanglei , Shen Jian , Blanckaert Koen
Published: September 2021

It remains an open question whether the state of knowledge on bend hydrodynamics applies to sharp bends in the largest river systems on Earth. This paper reports a field investigation into the hydrodynamics in two consecutive sharp bends of the Middle Yangtze River (MYR), and demonstrates that the reduced‐order model of Blanckaert and de Vriend is able to resolve the secondary flow strength and continuous flow redistribution in rivers of this size to high accuracy. Consequently, the model has been validated over the entire range of scales. These two bends show similarities to those of smaller size in terms of bathymetry, flow redistribution, and secondary flow evolution. The transverse location of the core of maximum velocity along the bends lags behind the thalweg by approximately half a width. A center‐region cell of secondary flow develops over the outer bank near the apex, and gradually decays downstream until it completely vanishes at the bend exit. Both bends are mildly curved from the perspective of hydrodynamic modeling, with a weak interaction between the secondary flow and primary flow, although they are sharply curved from the perspective of geomorphology (width/radius > 0.5). A term‐by‐term analysis of the model indicates that the flow redistribution is primarily controlled by planimetric changes in curvature and by topographic steering, and is slightly influenced by the secondary flow. However, the secondary flow may indirectly affect the flow redistribution by conditioning the bed topography. Important knowledge gaps remain with respect to the coupling between the hydrodynamic and morphological processes.
Earthly Lava Tubes May Offer Insights into Extraterrestrial Life
Authors: Sidder Aaron
Published: September 2021

New research finds that Actinobacteria in lava caves fix carbon and survive independent of surface inputs, offering a fresh perspective in the search for life beyond Earth.
Footprint of Tropical Cyclone Cold Wakes on Top‐of‐Atmosphere Radiation
Authors: Zhang Jishi , Lin Yanluan , Ma Zhanhong
Published: September 2021

A recent study noted reduced rainfall and cloud fraction over cold wakes induced by tropical cyclones, but a quantification of top‐of‐atmosphere (TOA) radiation change due to these cold wakes has not been attempted. Based on global TOA radiative flux observations, we show that TOA shortwave and longwave radiations increase by 0.76 W m−2 (0.2%) and 0.74 W m−2 (0.3%) over the cold wake area relative to local climatology, respectively. Due to the cancelation between the shortwave and longwave components, daily average TOA net radiation is only marginally modulated by cold wakes, but stands out in the day and night time average. In addition, the seasonal basin‐wide regulation of TOA net radiation by cold wakes can be up to 1.0 W m−2, locally comparable to the magnitude of radiative forcing due to man‐made aerosols. The regional impact of cold wakes on TOA radiations is therefore highly relevant and potentially important.
The Role of Adria Plate Lithospheric Structures on the Recent Dynamics of the Central Mediterranean Region
Authors: Lo Bue Rosalia , Faccenda Manuele , Yang Jianfeng
Published: September 2021

The Tertiary tectonic evolution of the Central Mediterranean has been relatively well constrained by abundant geological data. Yet, several uncertainties persist about the mechanisms that led to the present‐day surface morphology and deep slab geometry. Here, we combine geodynamic and seismological numerical modeling techniques to reproduce the recent large‐scale evolution of the Central Mediterranean and the associated strain‐induced upper mantle fabrics and seismic anisotropy. 3D thermo‐mechanical subduction models were designed and calibrated according to paleogeographic‐tectonic reconstructions and seismological observations available in the literature. It is found that, although the opening of back‐arc extensional basins in response to the retreat of the Ionian slab is a common feature in all models, structural heterogeneities within the Adria plate and/or the geometry of its Tyrrhenian passive margin profoundly impact on the segmentation of the subducting slab and the amount of Ionian trench retreat. More, in general, this study highlights the importance of coupling geodynamic and seismological modeling to better constrain the tectonic evolution of complex convergent margins such as the Central Mediterranean.
Ice Cover Influences Redox Dynamics in Prairie Pothole Wetland Sediments
Authors: McAdams B. C. , Arnold W. A. , Wilkins M. J. , Chin Y. P.
Published: September 2021

Sediment cores were collected under ice‐cover in late winter from three wetlands located along a subsurface hydrologic gradient within the Prairie Pothole Region of North America. Within each core, sediment porewaters were analyzed by in situ voltammetry for a suite of redox active species as a function of depth and revealed shifts in complex oxidation‐reduction dynamics related to ice cover in these wetlands. We observed a reduced sulfur boundary that is close to or above the sediment‐water interface (SWI) under ice cover. In contrast, the reduced sulfur boundary retreats several centimeters deeper in the sediments under ice‐free conditions. These findings are analogous to previous observations in shallow lakes that show anoxia at the SWI during ice cover but not under ice‐free conditions. Further, biogeochemical processes varied depending upon wetland type. During winter, sulfide levels in sediment porewaters in groundwater fed “flow‐through” wetlands were significantly lower than under ice‐free conditions. The converse applied to groundwater discharge wetlands where reduced sulfur concentrations in porewaters increased under ice cover. Decreases in ice cover extent and duration due to climate change coupled with profound landscape changes due to agriculture will affect the biogeochemical cycles of these wetlands and could lead to increased carbon emissions in the future.
Multi‐Position Facility for HF Doppler Sounding of Ionospheric Inhomogeneities in Ukraine
Authors: Zalizovski A. V. , Yampolski Y. M. , Mishin E. , Kashcheyev S. B. , Sopin A. O. , Koloskov A. V. , Lisachenko V. N. , Reznychenko A. I.
Published: September 2021

This paper describes a system for multi‐position Doppler ionosphere sounding implemented at the beginning of 2018 in the Kharkiv region of Ukraine, the data processing technique and initial results of data analysis. The system comprises a high frequency (HF) transmitter and three receiving sites making almost a right triangle with catheti of 32.8 and 58 km. The transmitter continuously emitting a monochromatic signal of a ∼20 W power at a frequency in most cases slightly lower than foF2 is located in the city of Kharkiv. The foF2 value was permanently controlled by the ionosonde installed in about 45 km from the transmitter. We report and discuss the initial results of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) observations for three years since January 2018 until December 2020. Statistical distributions of the frequency of appearance, periods, horizontal speeds, and propagation directions of TIDs are presented. The range of their most probable wavelengths is from 120 to 260 km, while their propagation velocities are from 80 to 220 m/s. The preferred direction of the TID propagation changes during the daytime and shows a tendency to rotate clockwise in azimuth. Notably, such regular long‐term measurements in the Eastern Europe have been carried out for the first time.
Nano-precision metrology of X-ray mirrors with laser speckle angular measurement
Authors: Wang Hongchang , Moriconi Simone , Sawhney Kawal
Published: September 2021

X-ray mirrors are widely used for synchrotron radiation, free-electron lasers, and astronomical telescopes. The short wavelength and grazing incidence impose strict limits on the permissible slope error. Advanced polishing techniques have already produced mirrors with slope errors below 50 nrad root mean square (rms), but existing metrology techniques struggle to measure them. Here, we describe a laser speckle angular measurement (SAM) approach to overcome such limitations. We also demonstrate that the angular precision of slope error measurements can be pushed down to 20nrad rms by utilizing an advanced sub-pixel tracking algorithm. Furthermore, SAM allows the measurement of mirrors in two dimensions with radii of curvature as low as a few hundred millimeters. Importantly, the instrument based on SAM is compact, low-cost, and easy to integrate with most other existing X-ray mirror metrology instruments, such as the long trace profiler (LTP) and nanometer optical metrology (NOM). The proposed nanometrology method represents an important milestone and potentially opens up new possibilities to develop next-generation super-polished X-ray mirrors, which will advance the development of X-ray nanoprobes, coherence preservation, and astronomical physics.
MiR-9-3p regulates the biological functions and drug resistance of gemcitabine-treated breast cancer cells and affects tumor growth through targeting MTDH
Authors: Wang Yike , Dong Lifeng , Wan Fang , Chen Fangfang , Liu Dianlei , Chen Deqin , Long Jingpei
Published: September 2021

This study explored the role of MTDH in regulating the sensitivity of breast cancer cell lines to gemcitabine (Gem) and the potential miRNAs targeting MTDH. The expression of MTDH in cancer tissues and cells was detected by immunohistochemical staining or qRT-PCR. The target genes for MTDH were predicted by bioinformatics and further confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay and qRT-PCR. Cancer cells were transfected with siMTDH, MTDH, miR-9-3p inhibitor, or mimics and treated by Gem, then CCK-8, colony formation assay, tube formation assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay, and Transwell were performed to explore the effects of MTDH, miR-9-3p, and Gem on cancer cell growth, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Expressions of VEGF, p53, cleaved caspase-3, MMP-2, MMP-9, E-Cadherin, N-Cadherin, and Vimentin were determined by Western blot. MTDH was high-expressed in cancer tissues and cells, and the cells with high-expressed MTDH were less sensitive to Gem, while silencing MTDH expression significantly promoted the effect of Gem on inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cell migration, invasion, and growth, and on regulating protein expressions of cancer cells. Moreover, miR-9-3p had a targeted binding relationship with MTDH, and overexpressed miR-9-3p greatly promoted the toxic effects of Gem on cancer cells and expressions of apoptosis-related proteins, whereas overexpressed MTDH partially reversed such effects of overexpressed miR-9-3p. The study proved that miR-9-3p regulates biological functions, drug resistance, and the growth of Gem-treated breast cancer cells through targeting MTDH.
Rs1h−/y exon 3-del rat model of X-linked retinoschisis with early onset and rapid phenotype is rescued by RS1 supplementation
Authors: Zeng Yong , Qian Haohua , Campos Maria Mercedes , Li Yichao , Vijayasarathy Camasamudram , Sieving Paul A.
Published: September 2021

Animal models of X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS) are valuable tools for understanding basic biochemical function of retinoschisin (RS1) protein and to investigate outcomes of preclinical efficacy and toxicity studies. In order to work with an eye larger than mouse, we generated and characterized an Rs1h−/y knockout rat model created by removing exon 3. This rat model expresses no normal RS1 protein. The model shares features of an early onset and more severe phenotype of human XLRS. The morphologic pathology includes schisis cavities at postnatal day 15 (p15), photoreceptors that are misplaced into the subretinal space and OPL, and a reduction of photoreceptor cell numbers by p21. By 6 mo age only 1–3 rows of photoreceptors nuclei remain, and the inner/outer segment layers and the OPL shows major changes. Electroretinogram recordings show functional loss with considerable reduction of both the a-wave and b-wave by p28, indicating early age loss and dysfunction of photoreceptors. The ratio of b-/a-wave amplitudes indicates impaired synaptic transmission to bipolar cells in addition. Supplementing the Rs1h−/y exon3-del retina with normal human RS1 protein using AAV8-RS1 delivery improved the retinal structure. This Rs1h−/y rat model provides a further tool to explore underlying mechanisms of XLRS pathology and to evaluate therapeutic intervention for the XLRS condition.
Wuzi-Yanzong prescription alleviates spermatogenesis disorder induced by heat stress dependent on Akt, NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Hu Su-Qin , Liu Dian-Long , Li Chun-Rui , Xu Ya-Hui , Hu Ke , Cui Li-Dan , Guo Jian
Published: September 2021

Akt and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways are involved in germ cell apoptosis and inflammation after testicular heat stress (THS). We observed that after THS induced by the exposure of rat testes to 43 °C for 20 min, their weight decreased, the fraction of apoptotic testicular germ cells significantly increased, and the proliferation of germ cells was inhibited. In addition, THS lowered serum testosterone (T) level, whereas the levels of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were not significantly changed. The ultrastructure of the seminiferous tubules became abnormal after THS, the structure of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) became loose, and the Sertoli cells showed a trend of differentiation. The level of phosphorylated Akt was reduced, whereas the amount of phosphorylated NF-κB p65 was augmented by THS. Wuzi-Yanzong (WZYZ), a classic Chinese medicine prescription for the treatment of male reproductive dysfunctions, alleviated the changes induced by THS. In order to determine the mechanism of action of WZYZ, we investigated how this preparation modulated the levels of T, androgen receptor (AR), erythropoietin (EPO), EPO receptor, and Tyro-3, Axl, and Mer (TAM) family of tyrosine kinase receptors. We found that WZYZ activated the Akt pathway, inhibited the Toll-like receptor/MyD88/NF-κB pathway, and repaired the structure of BTB by regulating the levels of T, AR, TAM receptors, and EPO. In conclusion, these results suggest that WZYZ activates the Akt pathway and inhibits the NF-κB pathway by acting on the upstream regulators, thereby improving spermatogenesis deficit induced by THS.
Mental health of new undergraduate students before and after COVID-19 in China
Authors: Lu Peng , Yang Lei , Wang Chongjian , Xia Guoxin , Xiang Hao , Chen Gongbo , Jiang Ning , Ye Tingting , Pang Yucheng , Sun Hongwei , Yan Lailai , Su Zhenguo , Heyworth Jane , Huxley Rachel , Fisher Jane , Li Shanshan , Guo Yuming
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in severity of anxiety and depression symptoms, stress and sleeping quality after three months of mass quarantine for COVID-19 among undergraduate fresh students compared to their pre-COVID-19 measures. We used participants from the Chinese Undergraduate Cohort (CUC), a national prospective longitudinal study to examine the changes in anxiety and depression symptoms severity, stress and sleep quality after being under mass quarantine for three months. Wilcoxon matched pair signed-rank test was used to compare the lifestyle indicators. Severity of anxiety, depression symptoms, stress and sleep quality were compared with Wilcoxon signed-rank test. We used generalized estimating equation (GEE) to further quantify the change in mental health indicators and sleep quality after the COVID-19 mass quarantine compared to baseline. This study found that there was no deterioration in mental health status among Chinese new undergraduate students in 2020 after COVID-19 mass quarantine compared with the baseline measures in 2019. There was an improvement in sleep quality and anxiety symptoms. After adjusting for age, sex, exercise habit, time spent on mobile gadgets, and time spent outdoors, year 2020 was significantly associated with severity of depression symptoms in males (OR:1.52. 95%CI:1.05–2.20, p-value = 0.027). Year 2020 was significantly associated with the improvement of sleeping quality in total (OR:0.45, 95%CI:0.38–0.52, p < 0.001) and in all the subgroups. This longitudinal study found no deterioration in mental health status among Chinese new undergraduate students after three months of mass quarantine for COVID-19.
Direct evidence of sex and a hypothesis about meiosis in Symbiodiniaceae
Authors: Figueroa R. I. , Howe-Kerr L. I. , Correa A. M. S.
Published: September 2021

Dinoflagellates in the family Symbiodiniaceae are obligate endosymbionts of diverse marine invertebrates, including corals, and impact the capacity of their hosts to respond to climate change-driven ocean warming. Understanding the conditions under which increased genetic variation in Symbiodiniaceae arises via sexual recombination can support efforts to evolve thermal tolerance in these symbionts and ultimately mitigate coral bleaching, the breakdown of the coral-Symbiodiniaceae partnership under stress. However, direct observations of meiosis in Symbiodiniaceae have not been reported, despite various lines of indirect evidence that it occurs. We present the first cytological evidence of sex in Symbiodiniaceae based on nuclear DNA content and morphology using Image Flow Cytometry, Cell Sorting and Confocal Microscopy. We show the Symbiodiniaceae species, Cladocopium latusorum, undergoes gamete conjugation, zygote formation, and meiosis within a dominant reef-building coral in situ. On average, sex was detected in 1.5% of the cells analyzed (N = 10,000–40,000 cells observed per sample in a total of 20 samples obtained from 3 Pocillopora colonies). We hypothesize that meiosis follows a two-step process described in other dinoflagellates, in which diploid zygotes form dyads during meiosis I, and triads and tetrads as final products of meiosis II. This study sets the stage for investigating environmental triggers of Symbiodiniaceae sexuality and can accelerate the assisted evolution of a key coral symbiont in order to combat reef degradation.
Macrophage autophagy protects against hepatocellular carcinogenesis in mice
Authors: Deust Anthony , Chobert Marie-Noële , Demontant Vanessa , Gricourt Guillaume , Denaës Timothé , Thiolat Allan , Ruiz Isaac , Rodriguez Christophe , Pawlotsky Jean-Michel , Teixeira-Clerc Fatima
Published: September 2021

Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway of cellular components that regulates macrophage properties. Macrophages are critically involved in tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis and immune suppression. Here, we investigated whether macrophage autophagy may protect against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Experiments were performed in mice with deletion of the autophagy gene Atg5 in the myeloid lineage (ATG5Mye−/− mice) and their wild-type (WT) littermates. As compared to WT, ATG5Mye−/− mice were more susceptible to diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, as shown by enhanced tumor number and volume. Moreover, DEN-treated ATG5Mye−/− mice exhibited compromised immune cell recruitment and activation in the liver, suggesting that macrophage autophagy invalidation altered the antitumoral immune response. RNA sequencing showed that autophagy-deficient macrophages sorted from DEN mice are characterized by an enhanced expression of immunosuppressive markers. In vitro studies demonstrated that hepatoma cells impair the autophagy flux of macrophages and stimulate their expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), a major regulator of the immune checkpoint. Moreover, pharmacological activation of autophagy reduces hepatoma cell-induced PD-L1 expression in cultured macrophages while inhibition of autophagy further increases PD-L1 expression suggesting that autophagy invalidation in macrophages induces an immunosuppressive phenotype. These results uncover macrophage autophagy as a novel protective pathway regulating liver carcinogenesis.
Reversible insulin resistance helps Bactrian camels survive fasting
Authors: Guo Fucheng , Si Rendalai , Li Quanyun , Hai Le , Yi Li , He Jing , Ming Liang , Ji Rimutu
Published: September 2021

Camels have hunger tolerance and can adapt to the severe environment of the desert. Through the comparison of insulin signalling pathway genes in different tissues in different eating periods (feeding, fasting and recovery feeding), it was found that IRS1, PIK3CB, PIK3R1 and SLC2A4 expression was significantly downregulated in the fore hump and hind hump during the fasting period. In addition, there was no difference in serum insulin levels among the three stages. However, the serum leptin and adiponectin levels decreased significantly during fasting. Additionally, insulin tolerance tests during the three stages showed that camels were insensitive to insulin during fasting. Further study of the serum metabolites showed that serum branched-chain and aromatic amino acid levels increased during the fasting period. Finally, analysis of microbial diversity in camel faeces at different stages showed that during the fasting period, the proportion of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria increased, while that of Bacteroides and the butyrate-producing bacterium Roseburia decreased. The results of this study show that fasting is accompanied by changes in the activation of insulin pathways in various camel tissues, normal insulin levels, and increased lipolysis and insulin resistance, which return to normal after eating.
FDG PET biomarkers for prediction of survival in metastatic melanoma prior to anti-PD1 immunotherapy
Authors: Flaus A. , Habouzit V. , De Leiris N. , Vuillez J. P. , Leccia M. T. , Perrot J. L. , Prevot N. , Cachin F.
Published: September 2021

Our aim was to analyse whether biomarkers extracted from baseline 18F-FDG PET before anti-PD1 treatment contribute to prognostic survival information for early risk stratification in metastatic melanoma. Fifty-six patients, without prior systemic treatment, BRAF wild type, explored using 18F-FDG PET were included retrospectively. Our primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Total metabolic tumoral volume (MTV) and forty-one IBSI compliant parameters were extracted from PET. Parameters associated with outcome were evaluated by a cox regression model and when significant helped build a prognostic score. Median follow-up was 22.1 months and 21 patients died. Total MTV and long zone emphasis (LZE) correlated with shorter OS and served to define three risk categories for the prognostic score. For low, intermediate and high risk groups, survival rates were respectively 91.1% (IC 95 80–1), 56.1% (IC 95 37.1–85) and 19% (IC 95 0.06–60.2) and hazard ratios were respectively 0.11 (IC 95 0.025–0.46), P = 0.0028, 1.2 (IC 95 0.48–2.8), P = 0.74 and 5.9 (IC 95 2.5–14), P < 0.0001. To conclude, a prognostic score based on total MTV and LZE separated metastatic melanoma patients in 3 categories with dramatically different outcomes. Innovative therapies should be tested in the group with the lowest prognosis score for future clinical trials.
Reduced B7-H3 expression by PAX3-FOXO1 knockdown inhibits cellular motility and promotes myogenic differentiation in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Kanayama Takuyo , Miyachi Mitsuru , Sugimoto Yohei , Yagyu Shigeki , Kikuchi Ken , Tsuchiya Kunihiko , Iehara Tomoko , Hosoi Hajime
Published: September 2021

B7-H3 (also known as CD276) is associated with aggressive characteristics in various cancers. Meanwhile, in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS), PAX3-FOXO1 fusion protein is associated with increased aggressiveness and poor prognosis. In the present study, we explored the relationship between PAX3-FOXO1 and B7-H3 and the biological roles of B7-H3 in ARMS. Quantitative real time PCR and flow cytometry revealed that PAX3-FOXO1 knockdown downregulated B7-H3 expression in all the selected cell lines (Rh-30, Rh-41, and Rh-28), suggesting that PAX3-FOXO1 positively regulates B7-H3 expression. Gene expression analysis revealed that various genes and pathways involved in chemotaxis, INF-γ production, and myogenic differentiation were commonly affected by the knockdown of PAX3-FOXO1 and B7-H3. Wound healing and transwell migration assays revealed that both PAX3-FOXO1 and B7-H3 were associated with cell migration. Furthermore, knockdown of PAX3-FOXO1 or B7-H3 induced myogenin expression in all cell lines, although myosin heavy chain induction varied depending on the cellular context. Our results indicate that PAX3-FOXO1 regulates B7-H3 expression and that PAX3-FOXO1 and B7-H3 are commonly associated with multiple pathways related to an aggressive phenotype in ARMS, such as cell migration and myogenic differentiation block.
2-step reaction kinetics for hydrogen absorption into bulk material via dissociative adsorption on the surface
Authors: Yakabe Taro , Imamura Gaku , Yoshikawa Genki , Miyauchi Naoya , Kitajima Masahiro , Itakura Akiko N.
Published: September 2021

We have demonstrated that the process of hydrogen absorption into a solid experimentally follows a Langmuir-type (hyperbolic) function instead of Sieverts law. This can be explained by independent two theories. One is the well-known solubility theory which is the basis of Sieverts law. It explains that the amount of hydrogen absorption can be expressed as a Langmuir-type (hyperbolic) function of the square root of the hydrogen pressure. We have succeeded in drawing the same conclusion from the other theory. It is a 2-step reaction kinetics (2sRK) model that expresses absorption into the bulk via adsorption on the surface. The 2sRK model has an advantage to the solubility theory: Since it can describe the dynamic process, it can be used to discuss both the amount of hydrogen absorption and the absorption rate. Some phenomena with absorption via adsorption can be understood in a unified manner by the 2sRK model.
Clinical impact of visually assessed right ventricular dysfunction in patients with septic shock
Authors: Hiraiwa Hiroaki , Kasugai Daisuke , Ozaki Masayuki , Goto Yukari , Jingushi Naruhiro , Higashi Michiko , Nishida Kazuki , Kondo Toru , Furusawa Kenji , Morimoto Ryota , Okumura Takahiro , Matsuda Naoyuki , Matsui Shigeyuki , Murohara Toyoaki
Published: September 2021

We retrospectively analyzed data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-III critical care database to determine whether visually-assessed right ventricular (RV) dysfunction was associated with clinical outcomes in septic shock patients. Associations between visually-assessed RV dysfunction by echocardiography and in-hospital mortality, lethal arrhythmia, and hemodynamic indicators to determine the prognostic value of RV dysfunction in patients with septic shock were analyzed. Propensity score analysis showed RV dysfunction was associated with increased risk of in-hospital death in patients with septic shock (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.99–2.32;P < 0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, RV dysfunction was associated with in-hospital death (OR 2.19; 95% CI 1.91–2.53;P < 0.001), lethal arrhythmia (OR 2.19; 95% CI 1.34–3.57;P < 0.001), and tendency for increased blood lactate levels (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.14–1.50;P < 0.001) independent of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. RV dysfunction was associated with lower cardiac output, pulmonary artery pressure index, and RV stroke work index. In patients with septic shock, visually-assessed RV dysfunction was associated with in-hospital mortality, lethal arrhythmia, and circulatory insufficiency independent of LV dysfunction. Visual assessment of RV dysfunction using echocardiography might help to identify the short-term prognosis of patients with septic shock by reflecting hemodynamic status.
Structure of junctional epithelium is maintained by cell populations supplied from multiple stem cells
Authors: Tanaka Keisuke , Tanaka Junichi , Aizawa Ryo , Kato-Tanaka Mayu , Ueno Hiroo , Mishima Kenji , Yamamoto Matsuo
Published: September 2021

The junctional epithelium (JE) is an epithelial component that attaches directly to the tooth surface and performs the unique function of protecting against bacterial infections; its destruction causes inflammation of the periodontal tissue and loss of alveolar bone. A recent study that used the single-color lineage tracing method reported that JE is maintained by its stem cells. However, the process by which individual stem cells form the entire JE around a whole tooth remains unclear. Using a 4-color lineage tracing method, we performed a detailed examination of the dynamics of individual stem cells that constitute the entire JE. The multicolor lineage tracing method showed that single-color areas, which were derived from each cell color, replaced all the constituent JE cells 168 d after the administration of tamoxifen. The horizontal section of the first molar showed that the single-color areas in the JE expanded widely. We detected putative stem cells at the external basal layer farthest from the enamel. In this study, JE cells that were supplied from different stem cells were visualized as individual monochromatic regions, and the JE around the first molar was maintained by several JE-specific stem cells. These findings indicated that the JE consisted of several cell populations that were supplied from their multiple stem cells and could help to explore the mechanisms involved in periodontal tissue homeostasis.
The 3D organisation of mitochondria in primate photoreceptors
Authors: Hayes Matthew J. , Tracey-White Dhani , Kam Jaimie Hoh , Powner Michael B. , Jeffery Glen
Published: September 2021

Vertebrate photoreceptors contain large numbers of closely-packed mitochondria which sustain the high metabolic demands of these cells. These mitochondria populations are dynamic and undergo fusion and fission events. This activity serves to maintain the population in a healthy state. In the event of mitochondrial damage, sub-domains, or indeed whole mitochondria, can be degraded and population homeostasis achieved. If this process is overwhelmed cell death may result. Death of photoreceptors contributes to loss of vision in aging individuals and is associated with many eye diseases. In this study we used serial block face scanning electron microscopy of adult Macaca fascicularis retinae to examine the 3D structure of mitochondria in rod and cone photoreceptors. We show that healthy-looking photoreceptors contain mitochondria exhibiting a range of shapes which are associated with different regions of the cell. In some photoreceptors we observe mitochondrial swelling and other changes often associated with cellular stress. In rods and cones that appear stressed we identify elongated domains of mitochondria with densely-packed normal cristae associated with photoreceptor ciliary rootlet bundles. We observe mitochondrial fission and mitochondrion fragments localised to these domains. Swollen mitochondria with few intact cristae are located towards the periphery of the photoreceptor inner-segment in rods, whilst they are found throughout the cell in cones. Swollen mitochondria exhibit sites on the mitochondrial inner membrane which have undergone complex invagination resulting in membranous, electron-dense aggregates. Membrane contact occurs between the mitochondrion and the photoreceptor plasma membrane in the vicinity of these aggregates, and a series of subsequent membrane fusions results in expulsion of the mitochondrial aggregate from the photoreceptor. These events are primarily associated with rods. The potential fate of this purged material and consequences of its clearance by retinal pigment epithelia are discussed.
“Covalent biosensing” enables a one-step, reagent-less, low-cost and highly robust assay of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Zhang Kai , Li Jinlong , Fan Zhenqiang , Li Hao , Xu Jing-Juan
Published: September 2021

A one-step, reagent-free, low-cost, high-stability assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2.
CtD strategy to construct stereochemically complex and structurally diverse compounds from griseofulvin
Authors: Zhu Li , Zhao Rui-Han , Li Yu , Liu Gong-Qing , Zhao Yu
Published: September 2021

A Complexity to Diversity (CtD) strategy was applied in the synthesis of 47 compounds in 6 series from the natural product griseofulvin.
Dye-functionalized phosphate-binding macrocycles: from nucleotide to G-quadruplex recognition and “turn-on” fluorescence sensing
Authors: Oshchepkov Aleksandr S. , Reznichenko Oksana , Xu Dan , Morozov Boris S. , Granzhan Anton , Kataev Evgeny A.
Published: September 2021

A PBM-dye architecture to design “turn-on” fluorescent receptors for G-quadruplexes of DNA is presented, which involves the connection of phosphate binding macrocycles (PBM) with dyes.
A DNAzyme-mediated target-initiated rolling circle amplification strategy based on a microchip platform for the detection of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 at the single-cell level
Authors: Xu Chunhuan , Chen Shengyu , Zhao Jingjin , Luo Xiaoshu , Zhao Shulin
Published: September 2021

A DNAzyme-mediated target-initiated rolling circle amplification strategy based on a microchip platform was developed for the detection of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 at the single-cell level.
Synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic activity of the flower-like CdS/Zn3(PO4)2 Z-scheme heteronanostructures
Authors: Chen Weiwei , Sun Yangang , Ge Jianhua , Song Fengge , Xie Yu , Zheng Yuanyuan , Rao Pinhua
Published: September 2021

CdS/Zn3(PO4)2 Z-scheme heteronanostructures were prepared through a simple hydrothermal route and precipitation methods, and the efficiency for the photocatalytic degradation of MB solution can be improved greatly.
Selectivity behaviour of two roof-shaped host compounds in the presence of xylene and ethylbenzene guest mixtures
Authors: Barton Benita , Barnardo Brandon , Hosten Eric C.
Published: September 2021

α,α-Diphenyl-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene-11-methanol possessed an enhanced selectivity for o-Xy when recrystallized from various xylene and EB mixed solvents (84.5–93.7%).
In situ growth of an Fe-doped NiCo-MOF electrocatalyst from layered double hydroxide effectively enhances electrocatalytic oxygen evolution performance
Authors: Sun Tingting , Lin Shuangyan , Xu Zhikun , Li Lin
Published: September 2021

The hierarchical book-like Fe-NiCo-MOF exhibits superior OER performance coupled with outstanding stability at a high current density.
Molecular dynamics study on the inhibition mechanisms of ReACp53 peptide for p53–R175H mutant aggregation
Authors: Lei Jiangtao , Cai Mengqiang , Shen Yun , Lin Dongdong , Deng Xiaohua
Published: September 2021

p53 mutant aggregation can lead to loss-of-function (LoF), dominant-negative (DN) and gain-of-function (GoF) effects, involved in tumor growth.
Multiple phenyl ring appended Re-based complexes for strong visible light absorption and DNA binding
Authors: Singh Bholey , Pani Balaram , Gupta Deepak
Published: September 2021

A series of facial-Re(CO)3-based acyclic complexes possessing N∩O bis-chelating ligands and triphenylphosphine-oxide donors displayed strong absorption in the visible region (ε = 40 000 M−1 cm−1) and satisfactory DNA binding ability.
Growth of CeO2 nanocubes showing size-dependent optical and oxygen evolution reaction behaviors
Authors: Wu Shi-Hong , Hsiao Chien-Hsuan , Hsieh Pei-Lun , Huang Xing-Fu , Huang Michael H.
Published: September 2021

9, 13, and 18 nm CeO2 nanocubes show decreasing band gaps ranging from 3.57 eV to 3.45 eV with increasing particle sizes. The 9 nm CeO2 cubes have the most positive valence band energy and the best electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction activity.
Bacterial classification and antibiotic susceptibility testing on an integrated microfluidic platform
Authors: Sklavounos Alexandros A. , Nemr Carine R. , Kelley Shana O. , Wheeler Aaron R.
Published: September 2021

An ‘all in one’ digital microfluidic system is reported that automates the preparation and testing of samples for antibiotic susceptibility and bacterial classification, relying on three metabolic markers.
Extraction and separation of Pd(ii)/Pt(iv) by neutral sulfur-containing extractant from hydrochloric acid medium
Authors: Zhang Guanju , Zhang Lixin , Wang Qi , Guo Jinxin , Wei Huiying , Yang Yanzhao
Published: September 2021

Highly efficient extraction and separation of Pd(ii)/Pt(iv) by 2-mercaptobenzimidazole from hydrochloric acid medium.
The facile and efficient synthesis of novel monocyclic cis-β-lactam conjugates with a 1-methyl-1H-imidazole-2-thiol nucleus
Authors: Singh Vedeshwar Narayan , Sharma Sitaram
Published: September 2021

We developed a facile and efficient synthesis of novel monocyclic cis-β-lactam conjugates with a 1-methyl-1H-imidazole-2-thiol nucleus through a ketene-imine [2+2] cycloaddition reaction of acyl chloride and different Schiff bases.
An electrically conductive and ferromagnetic nano-structure manganese mono-boride with high Vickers hardness
Authors: Ma Shuailing , Farla Robert , Bao Kuo , Tayal Akhil , Zhao Yongsheng , Tao Qiang , Yang Xigui , Ma Teng , Zhu Pinwen , Cui Tian
Published: September 2021

The combination of various desired physical properties greatly extends the applicability of materials.
Core-crosslinked, temperature- and pH-responsive micelles: design, physicochemical characterization, and gene delivery application
Authors: Leer Katharina , Cinar Gizem , Solomun Jana I. , Martin Liam , Nischang Ivo , Traeger Anja
Published: September 2021

Stimuli-responsive block copolymer micelles can provide tailored properties for the efficient delivery of genetic material.
Correction: One-pot, three-component regioselective coupling reaction of triphenylamine/carbazole derivatives with [60]fullerene and indoles via an “umpolung relay” strategy
Authors: Chen Xin-Rui , Zhang Qian-Wen , Tao Ge-Ge , Xuan Jun , Zhou Hong-Ping , Tian Yu-Peng , Li Fei
Published: September 2021

Correction for ‘One-pot, three-component regioselective coupling reaction of triphenylamine/carbazole derivatives with [60]fullerene and indoles via an “umpolung relay” strategy’ by Xin-Rui Chen et al., Org. Chem. Front., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/D1QO01058A.
A green route to prepare metal-free phthalocyanine crystals with controllable structures by a simple solvothermal method
Authors: Li Dapeng , Zhang Peng , Ge Suxiang , Sun Guofu , He Qin , Fa Wenjun , Li Yun , Ma Juntao
Published: September 2021

The quadrangular β phthalocyanine and multiply-laminated α phthalocyanine crystals could be synthesized via a solvothermal route by using DBU and DBN, respectively.
In situconstructed oxygen-vacancy-rich MoO3−x/porous g-C3N4heterojunction for synergistically enhanced photocatalytic H2evolution
Authors: Pan Yufeng , Xiong Bin , Li Zha , Wu Yan , Yan Chunjie , Song Huaibin
Published: September 2021

In situgrowth method to construct a nano-sized oxygen-vacancy-rich MoO3−x/porous g-C3N4heterojunction. MoO3−xderived OV traps and porous g-C3N4nanosheet derived short migration distance and plentiful edge active sites.
Evolution of anisotropic crack patterns in shrinking material layers
Authors: Szatmári Roland , Halász Zoltán , Nakahara Akio , Kitsunezaki So , Kun Ferenc
Published: September 2021

Anisotropic crack patterns emerging in desiccating layers of pastes on a substrate can be exploited for controlled cracking with potential applications in microelectronic manufacturing. We show that such crack patterns evolve through three phases.
Separation and feature extraction of micro‐motion signal of ballistic target
Authors: Li Yuxi , Feng Cunqian , Xu Xuguang , Han Lixun , Wang Dayan
Published: September 2021

During the process of the ballistic target's mid‐flight, it is very important to accurately identify the target. The separation of target micro‐Doppler curves and the extraction of characteristic parameters are the key to accurate identification. Aiming at the slow convergence speed of the traditional Fast‐ICA algorithm, this paper proposes an improved Fast‐ICA algorithm, which realizes the separation of the micro‐Doppler curve of the scattering points. On this basis, the trajectory of scattering points in space is analyzed, the expression of the target feature value is established, and the target feature parameters are effectively extracted. According to the results of the simulation experiment, the algorithm can achieve better signal separation and the characteristic parameters of the target are effectively extracted.
Topographic, lithospheric and lithologic controls on the transient landscape evolution after the opening of internally-drained basins. Modelling the North Iberian Neogene drainage
Authors: Struth Lucía , García-Castellanos Daniel , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Laura , Viaplana-Muzas Marc , Vergés Jaume , Jiménez-Díaz Alberto
Published: September 2021

The opening of internally-drained (endorheic) sedimentary basins often leads to a major drainage change, re-excavation of the basin sedimentary infill, and transient landscape. The timing of such basin openings can be dated only in exceptional cases in which the youngest sedimentary infill remains preserved. For this reason, the processes and timing involved in their transient landscape evolution are poorly known. We explore the role of erodibility, basin geometry and flexural isostasy during the capture of internally-drained basins by means of numerical modelling techniques constrained by recent terrace cosmogenic dating and geomorphological analysis, addressing the issue as to why the Duero and Ebro rivers, draining two Cenozoic sedimentary basins in N Iberia with similar geographical dimensions and drainage histories, have undergone a markedly different erosion evolution leading to distinctly different present morphology. To evaluate how these intrinsic parameters affect the transient landscape evolution, we design a synthetic scenario inspired by those basins. The results show that, once a basin becomes externally drained, its drainage integration and erosion rates are strongly dependent on (1) the basin elevation above the base level; (2) the width of the topographic barrier, (3) its erodibility; and (4) the rigidity of the lithosphere. The results show that transient landscape evolution can last for tens of millions of years even in absence of tectonic activity and changes in base level or climate. Basins isolated by wide and resistant barriers such as the Duero Basin may undergo a multi-million-year time lag between drainage opening and basin-wide incision. In the case of the Duero Basin, this delay may explain the paradoxical time lag between the last lacustrine bulk sedimentation dated at 9.6 Ma and the onset of widespread basin incision variously estimated at 3.7 to 1 Ma.
Direct Torque Control of Dual Three-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: Labchir Fouad , Hasoun Mhammed , El Afia Aziz , Benkirane Karim , Khafallah Mohamed
Published: September 2021

In this paper a direct torque control strategy for dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (DTP-PMSM) is presented, the machine has two sets of three-phase stator windings spatially phase shifted by 30 electric degrees. In order to reduce the stator harmonic current, torque and flux are controlled based on regulators and Vector Space Decomposition technique. The proposed approach has the benefits of low stator current distortion and low torque ripple. The validity and the efficiency of the selected technique are confirmed by simulation results.
Detection of clear sky instants from high frequencies pyranometric measurements of global horizontal irradiance
Authors: El Alani Omaima , Ghennioui Hicham , Ghennioui Abdellatif , Dahr Fatima-ezzahra
Published: September 2021

Solar resource assessment by clear sky models is of great importance in the solar energy field: verifying the performance of photovoltaic systems during stable conditions, clouds effects evaluation, the determination of geographical areas where irradiation is more uncertain and the preparation of forecasts with sky cameras. But before using these models they must be validated against high performances soil measurements. Since there is no radiometric sensor that measures clear-sky radiation, then historical clear-sky time periods must be identified only from long-term all-sky irradiation records. The contribution of this study is to exploit the ground measurements, analyze them and retrieve the information they contain concerning the clear sky instants. The study will be performed by comparing the clear sky instants identified by an algorithm proposed by Reno and Hansen with a physical clear sky model. This comparison is made using high frequency global horizontal irradiation (GHI) data from high performances meteorological station installed at Benguerir in Morocco.
New approach to finite frequency Filter Design for two-dimensional T-S fuzzy systems
Authors: Khaddouj Ben Meziane , El-Amrani Abderrahim , Boumhidi Ismail
Published: September 2021

This paper considers the problem of filter design for two-dimensional (2D) discrete-time non-linear systems in Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy mode. The problem to be solved in the paper is to find a H∞ filter model such that the filtering error system is asymptotically stable. A numerical example is employed to illustrate the validity of the proposed methods.
Optimizing the layout of wind turbines by upgrading a wind farm
Authors: Bellat Abdelouahad , Mansouri Khalifa , Raihani Abdelhadi
Published: September 2021

The optimization of the size of wind farms is little studied in the literature. The objective of this study is to renew the existing wind farms by inserting new wind turbines with different characteristics. To evaluate our approach, a genetic algorithm was chosen to optimize our objective function, which aims to maximize the power of the wind farm studied at a reasonable cost, the Jensen wake model was chosen for the power calculation of the park. The results obtained from the simulation on the Horns-rev wind farm showed a significant increase in energy and a relatively reasonable cost of energy.