bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of the Moderating Effects of National Culture Values on the Interaction Between Job Insecurity and Employability on Employee Outcomes
Authors: Moy Jason H. , Van Dyne Angelina , Hattrup Kate
Published: December 2022

This study investigated the combined effects of national culture and perceptions of employability on relationships between job insecurity and work and non-work outcomes for individual employees. Data from 28,674 participants in 35 nations were obtained from the 2015 European Working Conditions Survey. Results showed that nation-level differences in individualism/collectivism (I/C), uncertainty avoidance (UA), and masculinity/femininity (M/F) accounted for variation in the degree to which perceptions of employability buffered the negative effects of job insecurity on job satisfaction, work engagement, and subjective well-being. Among more collectivist cultures, employability did less to minimize the effects of job insecurity on job satisfaction than in more individualistic cultures. Employability also had a weaker effect on buffering the consequences of job insecurity for job satisfaction and work engagement when cultural uncertainty avoidance was higher. And across all three outcome measures, higher levels of job insecurity combined with lower perceptions of employability were consistently more detrimental to individuals in more masculine cultures. Results support the prevailing theory regarding the mechanisms underlying the effects of job insecurity on individuals and suggest several important practical implications for managing a global workforce.
Pharmacosophrosyne Revisited: Drug Use and Virtue Ethics
Authors: Sjoquist Bradley S.
Published: December 2022

In a 1959 article, John C. Ford, SJ (1902–1989), proposed the existence of a new virtue to regulate recreational drug use which he names “pharmacosophrosyne.” This article analyzes the soundness of Ford's proposal and extends it by providing a mereological analysis of how pharmacosophrosyne relates to the virtues of temperance and sobriety. It then shows how understanding both pharmacosophrosyne and sobriety can inform a moral evaluation of recreational drug use.
The Augmented Social Scientist: Using Sequential Transfer Learning to Annotate Millions of Texts with Human-Level Accuracy
Authors: Do Salomé , Ollion Étienne , Shen Rubing
Published: December 2022

The last decade witnessed a spectacular rise in the volume of available textual data. With this new abundance came the question of how to analyze it. In the social sciences, scholars mostly resorted to two well-established approaches, human annotation on sampled data on the one hand (either performed by the researcher, or outsourced to microworkers), and quantitative methods on the other. Each approach has its own merits - a potentially very fine-grained analysis for the former, a very scalable one for the latter - but the combination of these two properties has not yielded highly accurate results so far. Leveraging recent advances in sequential transfer learning, we demonstrate via an experiment that an expert can train a precise, efficient automatic classifier in a very limited amount of time. We also show that, under certain conditions, expert-trained models produce better annotations than humans themselves. We demonstrate these points using a classic research question in the sociology of journalism, the rise of a “horse race” coverage of politics. We conclude that recent advances in transfer learning help us augment ourselves when analyzing unstructured data.
The Impact of Survey Mode Design and Questionnaire Length on Measurement Quality
Authors: Cernat Alexandru , Sakshaug Joseph , Christmann Pablo , Gummer Tobias
Published: December 2022

Mixed-mode surveys are popular as they can save costs and maintain (or improve) response rates relative to single-mode surveys. Nevertheless, it is not yet clear how design decisions like survey mode or questionnaire length impact measurement quality. In this study, we compare measurement quality in an experiment of three distinct survey designs implemented in the German sample of the European Values Study: a single-mode face-to-face design, a mixed-mode mail/web design, and a shorter (matrix) questionnaire in the mixed-mode design. We compare measurement quality in different ways, including differences in distributions across several data quality indicators as well as equivalence testing over 140 items in 25 attitudinal scales. We find similar data quality across the survey designs, although the mixed-mode survey shows more item nonresponse compared to the single-mode survey. Using equivalence testing we find that most scales achieve metric equivalence and, to a lesser extent, scalar equivalence across the designs.
What Good is Qualitative Literacy Without Data Transparency?
Authors: Jerolmack Colin
Published: December 2022

Ethnographic and interview research have made significant contributions to cumulative social science and influenced the public conversation around important social issues. However, debates rage over whether the standards of positivistic social science can or should be used to judge the rigor of interpretive methods. I begin this essay by briefly delineating the problem of developing evaluative criteria for qualitative research. I then explore the extent to which Small and Calarco's Qualitative Literacy helps advance a set of standards attuned to the distinct epistemology of interview and ethnographic methods. I argue that “qualitative literacy” is necessary but not sufficient to help readers decide whether a particular study is high quality. The reader also needs access to enough information about the researcher's data, field site, or subjects that she can independently reanalyze the researcher's interpretations and consider alternative explanations. I also touch on some important differences between ethnography and interviewing that matter for how we evaluate them.
The Gram stain: Implication in blood culture reporting
Authors: KP Angitha , Mohapatra Sarita , Gautam Hitender , Nityadarshini Neha , Das Bharat Chandra , Yadav Viswanath Kumar
Published: December 2022

Bloodstream infections are life-threatening. They are responsible for prolonged hospital stays and high healthcare costs. Clinical microbiology has an essential role to play in its management. Direct Gram-stain reporting from positive blood culture bottles has been found helpful. We aimed to evaluate the use of the automated blood culture system in adjunct to the conventional Gram-stain technique, with a direct antimicrobial susceptibility test on the second day. Concordance was highly satisfactory.
Removing Systemic Barriers for Learners with Diverse Identities: Antiracism, Universal Design for Learning, and Edpuzzle
Authors: Griggs Nicole , Moore Roxanne
Published: December 2022

Learners confront many different types of barriers in their learning environment depending on their diverse identities. This paper considers the barriers experienced by Black and Brown learners and learners with disabilities. Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is a framework created to remove barriers during the planning stage of curriculum design. By applying antiracism as a complement to UDL, we outline how to use Edpuzzle, a video lesson technology, to create accessible lessons for either Black and Brown learners, learners with disabilities, or both.
The value of magnetic resonance blood oxygen level-dependent imaging in evaluating the efficacy of advanced cervical cancer combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy
Authors: Yin Liang , Zhuang Xin , Li Jian-lin
Published: December 2022

Background

Blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-MRI) is an imaging method used to analyze oxygenation status of the tumor.

Purpose

To investigate the feasibility of BOLD-MRI in evaluating the efficacy of advanced cervical cancer combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Material and Methods

This prospective study included 85 patients with advanced cervical cancer who received BOLD-MRI examination before and after concurrent chemoradiotherapy from October 2020 to December 2021. To investigate the changes of baseline R2* values and △R2* values of cervical cancers before and after treatment.

Results

29 cases were complete response, 34 cases were partial response, and 22 cases showed progression. The baseline R2* values of the tumors were lower than that of the normal cervical muscle ( P < 0.0001). After oxygen stimulation, the baseline R2* values of the tumors decreased ( P = 0.012). After treatment, the baseline R2* values of the tumors increased ( P = 0.007), and the dynamic △R2* values of the tumors decreased ( P = 0.025). The baseline R2* value of the complete response was the highest ( P = 0.000), the dynamic △R2* value of the complete response was the lowest ( P = 0.017).

Conclusion

BOLD-MRI can evaluate the efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for advanced cervical cancer.
Financializing urban infrastructure? The speculative state-spaces of ‘public-public partnerships’ in Jakarta
Authors: Anguelov Dimitar
Published: December 2022

Mega city-regions in the global South facing challenges posed by rapid urbanization have turned to infrastructural solutions, steeped in speculative ‘global-city’ imaginaries and national developmental aspirations, in order to unclog catch-up growth. This infrastructural imperative for growth reflects a broader infrastructure fix, as creditor states and development banks with geopolitical and geoeconomic interests advance competing market-based and state-led models to finance and develop infrastructure. In Jakarta, Indonesia, I examine the coming together of these models as they articulate with the political-economies of city and state, and their path-dependent restructuring following the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis. In Jakarta's speculative state-space political interests and developmental objectives of state and city governments are entangled with the capital accumulation strategies of State-Owned Enterprises. With a number of rail transit projects in the city-region driving a boom in Transit-Oriented Development, State-Owned Enterprises speculate on market conditions and the ‘world-class city’ dreams of middle-class residents to leverage their property assets. This financial speculation is equally premised on political speculation around the planning and execution of infrastructure projects, framed by the developmental politics of affordability and accessibility to the city. I examine how these strategies, practices and tensions come together to produce innovative governance arrangements in the provision and management of transport and housing through Public-Public Partnerships.
Underwriting in the Australian IPO markets: Determinants and pricing
Authors: Marsden Alastair , Murgulov Zoltan , Rhee S Ghon , Veeraraghavan Madhu
Published: December 2022

We examine the factors that explain the underwriting decision and underwriting fees for Australian initial public offerings (IPOs). Using a sample of Australian IPOs, spanning the period 1999–2019, we document the following results. IPOs that allow oversubscription of the shares, bookbuild offers, and IPOs with a greater delay to listing, are less likely to be underwritten. We also find that more prestigious underwriters are associated with greater IPO underpricing, while charging lower percent underwriting fees. Prestigious underwriters capture side benefits associated with their reputational status by offering their clients or favoured investors with discounted shares.

JEL Classification:

G12, G19, G38
Preparation of Nile tilapia skin collagen powder by low-temperature and comprehensive evaluation of hemostasis and wound healing
Authors: Yang Lintong , Chen Kaili , Liu Ping , Kang Yating , Shen Shengbiao , Qu Chenglei , Gong Shizhou , Liu Yunguo , Gao Yonglin
Published: December 2022

Nile tilapia (hereinafter referred to as tilapia) is a species with high economic value and extensive cultivation. In this study, the low-temperature Nile tilapia skin collagen powder (TSCP) was prepared by liquid nitrogen freeze pulverization. After physical and chemical analysis of its properties, it was found that its characteristics were similar to those of type I collagen. The three-dimensional helix structure of protein peptide is good and non denatured. It shows that cryogenic temperature guarantees the activity of TSCP. In addition, TSCP has good biocompatibility. Specifically, it has good blood compatibility, lacks cytotoxicity, will not cause intradermal stimulation and acute systemic toxicity, and has no obvious rejection after implantation. In the rat liver hemorrhage model and wound repair model, compared with the commercially available bovine collagen powder (BSCP), TSCP has better blood coagulation ability: the shortest hemostatic time (135 s) and wound healing efficiency: the wound healing is obvious on the 14th day. The results of this study indicate that the TSCP is an ideal candidate for hemostatic agents and wound healing dressings.
Precarious Employment and Well-Being: Insights from the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mai Quan D. , Song Lijun , Donnelly Rachel
Published: December 2022

While precarious employment is not a new concept, it has been brought to the center of scholarly and public discourse worldwide by the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic. This essay delineates how precarious employment shapes well-being and situates that relationship in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The essay also provides an overview of how the nine articles boldly investigate how these two layers of global risk—precarious employment and the pandemic—interact to shape individuals’ well-being. In addition to advancing theoretical and empirical knowledge by analyzing timely data from diverse sources and populations, these articles call for more efforts on worker protection reforms and government financial support.
Association of Race and Income with Incident Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias among Black and White Older Adults
Authors: Keohane Laura M. , Nikpay Sayeh , Braun Kyle , Cheng Audrey , Stevenson David , Buntin Melinda B. , Yu Danxia , Blot William J. , Lipworth Loren
Published: December 2022

To investigate how differences in income and education levels may contribute to disparities in incidence of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD), we compared ADRD incidence in traditional Medicare claims for 11,132 Black and 7703 White participants aged 65 and over from a predominantly low-income cohort. We examined whether the relationship between ADRD incidence and race varied by income or education. Based on 2015 incident ADRD diagnoses, Black and White participants had unadjusted incidence rates of 26.5 and 23.2 cases per 1000 person-years, respectively (rate ratio 1.14, 95% CI 1.05–1.25). In multivariable Cox proportional hazard models, the relationship between race and incident ADRD diagnosis did not vary by education level (p-interaction = 0.748) but was modified by income level (p-interaction = 0.007), with higher ADRD incidence among Black participants observed only among higher income groups. These results highlight the importance of understanding how race and economic factors influence ADRD incidence and diagnosis rates.
Language-Based Strategies that Support Person-Centered Communication in Formal Home Care Interactions with Persons Living with Dementia
Authors: Mundadan Reanne G. , Savundranayagam Marie Y. , Orange J. B. , Murray Laura
Published: December 2022

Language-based strategies are recommended to improve coherence, clarity, reciprocity, and continuity of interactions with persons living with dementia. Person-centered care is the gold standard for caring for persons with dementia. Person-centered communication (PCC) strategies include facilitation, recognition, validation, and negotiation. Little is known about which language-based strategies support PCC in home care. Accordingly, this study investigated the overlap between language-based strategies and PCC in home care interactions. Analysis of conversation of 30 audio-recorded interactions between personal support workers (PSWs) and persons living with dementia was conducted. The overlap between PCC and language-based strategies was analyzed. Of 11,347 communication units, 2578 overlapped with PCC. For facilitation, 21% were yes/no questions. For recognition, 25% were yes/no questions and 22% were affirmations. For validation, 81% were affirmations and positive feedback. Finally, 60% were yes/no questions for negotiation. The findings highlight the person-centeredness of language-based strategies. PSWs should use diverse language-based strategies that are person-centered.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a modified porcine acellular dermal matrix for soft tissue augmentation
Authors: Zhang Bing , Ma Li , Tang Lian sheng , Song Da wei , Guo Jing , Zhang Fan , Xu Xin
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the effects of a modified porcine acellular dermal matrix (P-ADM), subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) and other commercial bovine acellular dermal matrix membrane materials (B-ADM) on gingival soft tissue augmentation in the oral esthetic zone.

Material and Methods

The characteristics of P-ADM were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson’s trichrome staining (Masson staining). The biocompatibility of P-ADM was verified by CCK8, phalloidin and living/dead cell staining. Beagle dog models were constructed and the thickness of gingiva was analyzed by the intraoral scanner. The morphology was observed by H&E and Masson staining.

Results

Scanning electron microscopy, H&E and Masson staining showed that the P-ADM was mainly composed of collagen fibers, with no component of nuclear. The results of CCK8, phalloidin and living/dead cell staining indicated that the P-ADM had good cytocompatibility and no cytotoxicity. Human gingival fibroblasts were able to adhere and stretch on the surface of the material with pseudopodia. The SCTG group outperformed the B-ADM and P-ADM groups in terms of effectiveness, according to the analysis of digital oral scanning data at various time points following incremental soft tissue surgery. Compared with the B-ADM group, the effect of soft tissue increment was better in the P-ADM group.

Conclusions

P-ADM, as a biocompatible biomaterial, can be used as an alternative biomaterial for oral soft tissue thickening. However, the results of this study need to be verified by more clinical trials.
The Stare Decisis Doctrine and Total Worker Health®: Prior Precedent and Continuous Improvement in Health Promotion
Authors: Terry Paul E.
Published: December 2022

What advantages are accruing to companies that intentionally integrate their health, safety and mental well-being initiatives? “Total Worker Health®”, using the definition from the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), is: “Policies, programs and practices that integrate protection from work-related safety and health hazards with promotion of injury and illness prevention efforts to advance worker well-being.” The NIOSH WellBQ is an individual level questionnaire that asks employees about their perceptions related to their quality of work life, circumstances outside of work, supervisor support and physical and mental health status. Total Worker Health® related research funded by NIOSH is intended to “build the scientific evidence base necessary to develop new solutions for complex occupational safety and health problems.” This editorial argues that there is an unreconciled tension in the health promotion field relating to the evidence needed to prioritize individual vs social responsibility for health. The NIOSH Total Worker Health® and organizational health scorecards are discussed in the context of honoring the need to balance both lifestyle and environmental oriented interventions.
A novel modeling method of friction torque for ball screw based on lubrication performance analysis
Authors: Zhao Jiajia , Lian Boyang , Lin Mingxing , Song Xianchun , Jiang Hongkui , Zhang Daiyan , Qi Baobao
Published: December 2022

Ball screw has the advantages of high precision, high efficiency, high stiffness and smooth operation, so it has been widely used in automotive industry, semiconductor, aerospace, medical and other fields. It is significant to research the lubrication theory of ball screw and its influence on friction torque to improve its life. In the complex working conditions of ball screw, the elastohydrodynamic lubrication performance is greatly influenced by the thermal effect, and the lubricating oil will no longer be Newtonian fluid under the coupling action of temperature and pressure. Therefore, a Non-Newtonian thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication model for ball screw is established and a novel modeling method of friction torque for ball screw is proposed, and the correction of the novel method is verified by experiments.
Parameter identification of Duhem model based on antlion-fish swarm hybrid algorithm and robust backstepping sliding mode control for rate-dependent hysteresis of piezoelectric actuators
Authors: Suan Xu , Zeyu Wu , Hu Kaiming , Yaqiong Fu , Zhiren Wu
Published: December 2022

A new parameter identification method of Duhem model based on antlion-fish swarm hybrid algorithm is proposed to characterize the rate-dependent hysteresis. The unknown piecewise functions in Duhem model is identified by a hybrid algorithm. Antlion optimization (ALO) algorithm and artificial fish (AF) swarm algorithm are switched in order of execution and their iterative data are fused to form the antlion-fish swarm hybrid algorithm. The comparison experiment shows the hybrid algorithm has the advantages of fast convergence and high precision. In order to compensate the rate-dependent hysteresis of PEA, a robust backstepping sliding mode feedback controller with feedforward inverse Duhem model compensator are designed. The comparative experimental results of displacement tracking show that this method has good tracking performance. The practicability and effectiveness of the method are verified.
Empirical joint contact mechanics: A comprehensive review
Authors: Küpper Jessica C , Zandiyeh Payam , Ronsky Janet L
Published: December 2022

Empirical joint contact mechanics measurement (EJCM; e.g. contact area or force, surface velocities) enables critical investigations of the relationship between changing joint mechanics and the impact on surface-to-surface interactions. In orthopedic biomechanics, understanding the changes to cartilage contact mechanics following joint pathology or aging is critical due to its suggested role in the increased risk of osteoarthritis (OA), which might be due to changed kinematics and kinetics that alter the contact patterns within a joint. This article reviews and discusses EJCM approaches that have been applied to articulating joints such that readers across different disciplines will be informed of the various measurement and analysis techniques used in this field. The approaches reviewed include classical measurement approaches (radiographic and sectioning, dye staining, casting, surface proximity, and pressure measurement), stereophotogrammetry/motion analysis, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and high-speed videoradiography. Perspectives on approaches to advance this field of EJCM are provided, including the value of considering relative velocity in joints, tractional stress, quantification of joint contact area shape, consideration of normalization techniques, net response (superposition) of multiple input variables, and establishing linkages to regional cartilage health status. EJCM measures continue to provide insights to advance our understanding of cartilage health and degeneration and provide avenues to assess the efficacy and guide future directions of developing interventions (e.g. surgical, biological, rehabilitative) to optimize joint’s health and function long term.
The hypermethylation of FOXP3 gene as an epigenetic marker for the identification of arsenic poisoning risk
Authors: Ma Lu , Fang Xiaolin , Zhang Aihua
Published: December 2022

Background and Purpose: Arsenic exposure can lead to skin lesions and multiple organ damage, which are not easily reversible and for which there is no effective therapeutics. Identification of reliable epigenetic markers is essential for early recognition of arsenic poisoning risk. Anomalous DNA methylation of immune homeostasis regulator  FOXP3 is a critical mechanism for triggering arsenic poisoning. This study aims to explore the value of  FOXP3 methylation in the identification of arsenic poisoning risk.

Methods: 88 arsenic poisoning subjects and 41 references were recruited. Urinary arsenic contents and FOXP3 methylation in PBLCs was measured by ICP-MS and pyrosequencing, respectively.

Results: The results showed that the elevated  FOXP3 methylation in PBLCs were associated with the increased levels of urinary arsenic and were positively associated with the increased risk of arsenic poisoning and its progression. The result of mediation analysis revealed that 24.3% of the effect of arsenic exposure on the risk of arsenic poisoning was mediated by increased  FOXP3 methylation. Additionally, we constructed a nomogram model with  FOXP3 methylation as an epigenetic predictor to assess the probability of individual arsenic poisoning. The model showed a robust ability in the discrimination of arsenic poisoning risk, with an area under receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.897(0.845–0.949) and more than 70% accuracy. The calibration curves and the Harrell concordance index showed that the consistency rate between the probability predicted by the nomogram model and the actual probability is 89.7%.

Conclusions: Taken together, we found the great potential of  FOXP3 methylation for the identification of arsenic poisoning risk and provided a new approach to the application of epigenetic markers in accurately quantifying the risk of adverse outcomes.
A connection between survival multistate models and causal inference for external treatment interruptions
Authors: Erdmann Alexandra , Loos Anja , Beyersmann Jan
Published: December 2022

Recently, treatment interruptions such as a clinical hold in randomized clinical trials have been investigated by using a multistate model approach. The phase III clinical trial START (Stimulating Targeted Antigenic Response To non-small-cell cancer) with primary endpoint overall survival was temporarily placed on hold for enrollment and treatment by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Multistate models provide a flexible framework to account for treatment interruptions induced by a time-dependent external covariate. Extending previous work, we propose a censoring and a filtering approach both aimed at estimating the initial treatment effect on overall survival in the hypothetical situation of no clinical hold. A special focus is on creating a link to causal inference. We show that calculating the matrix of transition probabilities in the multistate model after application of censoring (or filtering) yields the desired causal interpretation. Assumptions in support of the identification of a causal effect by censoring (or filtering) are discussed. Thus, we provide the basis to apply causal censoring (or filtering) in more general settings such as the COVID-19 pandemic. A simulation study demonstrates that both causal censoring and filtering perform favorably compared to a naïve method ignoring the external impact.
Do Women Empowerment and Intimate Partner Violence Go Hand in Hand? Evidence from India
Authors: Pathak D. C.
Published: December 2022

We examine the effect of women empowerment as indicated by women’s education level, employment status and autonomy on the odds of intimate partner violence (IPV) in India using NFHS-III and NFHS-IV unit-level data. We find that the indicators of women empowerment do not always affect the odds of physical and sexual violence in the same manner. Our study shows that women’s level of education and the odds of sexual violence by their intimate partner show an inverted-U-type association. Education’s mitigating effects on violence are weakening over the decade under inquiry. Earning for the household does not provide respite to women from IPV as working women have a higher likelihood of IPV, which has not declined over the decade studied. However, women’s autonomy negatively affects the odds of IPV.
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Healthy Ageing in Different Regions of India: Evidence from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India, Wave 1
Authors: Rahman K. Thoufeeque , Chittedi Krishna Reddy
Published: December 2022

The present study investigates the socioeconomic inequality and determinants of healthy ageing in different regions of India using the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), Wave 1 (2017–2018). This study developed an individual-level healthy ageing score (HAS) by incorporating 53 variables suggested by the expert committee of the WHO on healthy ageing. Income, wealth and education inequality are measured using the indirectly adjusted concentration index (CI). The multiple linear regression estimates the socioeconomic, demographic and behavioural determinants. It has been found that the mean HAS in India is 72.57; it is highest in the North-east and lowest in South India. The CI indicated socioeconomic inequality in healthy ageing in India, favouring high-income, wealthy and educated elders across the region. The regression shows that older adults who are relatively young, male, rich and living in urban areas are more likely to be healthy than their counterparts. It is also found that the habit of smoking, physical inactivity and prevalence of chronic diseases are significantly associated with a low HAS in India.
Students as policymakers and policy advocates: Role-playing evidence-based health policies
Authors: AlMubarak Sama’a Hamed
Published: December 2022

Background

Role playing has been increasingly utilized as a teaching strategy in the health discipline. However, the utilization of role playing within the field of health policy and systems research, while imperative, remains limited. Thus, this study documented and described a role playing activity and explored students’ experiences within the context of evidence-based health policy.

Method

The role playing activity was conducted as part of a course assessment – evidence-based health policy brief at a university in Saudi Arabia. Six graduate level students who were enrolled in the course participated in the activity. Through a mixed method approach, the study collected data from different sources including assessment forms, surveys, written reflections, and observational notes, to explore students experiences with the role playing activity. Data analysis included descriptive statistics for quantitative data and content analysis for qualitative data.

Results

Students reported an overall positive experience with the role playing activity. The activity provided them with an experience mimicking real scenarios, while playing roles of policy advocates and policymakers. Additionally, the activity contributed to students’ knowledge acquisition and expansion as well as skills development relevant to policymaking.

Conclusion

The study’s findings contribute to the current literature on the utilization of simulation within the health discipline, with valuable contribution to the field of health policy and systems research. Implications of the study require attention from respective policymakers, practitioners, and academicians.
The Early Operative Burden for Children Born with Cleft lip and Palate
Authors: Fink Teagan , Kilpatrick Nicky , Chong David , Penington Tony
Published: December 2022

Objectives

to audit the surgical management of infants born with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (CLP) at an Australian cleft unit in a large tertiary paediatric hospital

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

A tertiary Cleft centre.

Patients

193 infants born with non-syndromic CLP were referred to the centre and underwent primary repair of their CLP between 2009 and 2020. Main Outcome Measures: (1) The timing and surgical repairs performed; (2) the frequency of postoperative complications; (3) the frequency of secondary Cleft surgery; and (4) the total Cleft-related operations performed for infants born with CLP.

Results

Four different surgical repair techniques were performed by six surgeons, and postoperative complications were uncommon (n = 14). Rates of oronasal fistula surgery (10.5% at five years of age; 14.3% at eight years of age) and velopharyngeal insufficiency surgery (8.7% at five years of age; 14.3% at eight years of age) were not significantly different across the surgical repair groups (p-value >0.05) and were comparable to international Cleft centres. Children underwent an average of four operative procedures in this audit period, including primary Cleft repair, ear, nose and throat surgery, and dental care. Surgery for managing Eustachian tube dysfunction was the most common surgical intervention following primary Cleft repair.

Conclusions

Children born with non-syndromic CLP have a high early operative burden, with outcomes similar across the spectrum of techniques and surgeons.
A Retrospective Cohort Study Evaluating the Association Between Implementation of a Digital Care Plan and Hospitalization Rates for Home Care Residents in the United Kingdom
Authors: Windle Nathan , Alam Azeem , Patel Horus , Street Jonathan M. , Lathwood Megan , Farrington Tessa , Maruthappu Mahiben
Published: December 2022

Cera, a homecare provider, uses digital care plans (DCP), to streamline the provision of home care. DCP rollout is part of a larger digitization initiative, including carer visit reports collected through a mobile app and branch actions recorded in a web application supported by a secure central database. This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the association of a DCP rollout with service user hospitalization rates. his study utilized retrospective data from 2 groups of service users, those for whom their first 30 days of Cera membership occurred prior to DCP rollout (pre-DCP group) versus those whose first 30 days of Cera membership occurred after DCP rollout (post-DCP group). The 30-day hospitalization rate was the primary outcome measure and was determined through a combination of carer reports, reporting from service users or their families, and branch staff follow-up. There were 55 hospitalizations among 392 users in the pre-DCP group in the 30 days after joining Cera (14.0% hospitalization rate), compared to 23 hospitalizations among 297 users in the post-DCP group (7.7% hospitalization rate). This represented a significant reduction in hospitalizations in the post-DCP group (6.3% absolute difference in hospitalization rate; 45% relative reduction; P < .001). This result was robust to multiple sensitivity analyses. The implementation of a DCP was associated with a 45% relative reduction in the 30-day hospitalization rate for new service users when compared to pre-DCP enrollment. These benefits could be further amplified by combining the DCP with additional initiatives aimed at the prediction and prevention of avoidable hospitalizations.
Professionalizing Evaluation: A Time-Bound Comparison of the American Evaluation Association's Foundational Documents
Authors: Tucker Susan , Stevahn Laurie , King Jean A.
Published: December 2022

This article compares the purposes and content of the four foundational documents of the American Evaluation Association (AEA): the Program Evaluation Standards, the AEA Public Statement on Cultural Competence in Evaluation, the AEA Evaluator Competencies, and the AEA Guiding Principles. This reflection on alignment is an early effort in the third step of professionalization: defining how to use and recognize evaluator competencies. The analysis intentionally focuses on content and reflects on the implications of the differences and similarities across documents. The comparison reveals important questions of interest at both the micro level (individual evaluator) and the macro level (evaluation). The article concludes with challenges, learnings, and proposed next steps of AEA's Professionalization and Competencies Working Group.
Effect of incision location on with-the-rule astigmatism correction after SMILE
Authors: Han Tian , Fu Dan , Xu Ye , Ding Xuan , Chen Zhuoyi , Yu Zhiqiang , Zhou Xingtao
Published: December 2022

Purpose

To explore the influence of two different incision positions of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) on astigmatism correction.

Methods

A total of 86 eyes of 86 patients who underwent SMILE surgery were included in this retrospective study. The criteria included that the preoperative astigmatism axis to be within 165° to 180° or 5° to 15°. All eyes were divided into two groups according to the incision position. The incisions of 34 eyes were either located on the superior temporal side of the right eye or superior nasal side of the left eye (120° group), and 52 eyes were located on the superior side (90° group). Vector analysis was used to analyze pre- and postoperative 3-month astigmatism, while subgroup analysis was applied according to the preoperative astigmatism.

Results

No significant difference of preoperative parameters was found between the two groups (P > 0.05). The efficacy and safety indexes were 1.11 ± 0.16 and 1.15 ± 0.16 in the 120° group, the numbers were 1.15 ± 0.17 and 1.16 ± 0.14 in the 90° group (P = 0.629 and P = 0.871). There was no significant difference in target-induced astigmatism (TIA), TIA axis, surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) magnitude, SIA axis, distance vision (DV) magnitude, DV axis, correction index (CI), angle of error (AofE), |AofE|, magnitude of error (MofE), index of success (IOS), or flattening index (FI) between 120° group and 90° group (P > 0.05). No significant difference was found in the subgroup analysis (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

The incision position has limited astigmatic effect, and the operation-induced astigmatism of SMILE surgery after 3 months was little.
A brief overview of the marine environmentally friendly anti-fouling surface strategy
Authors: Yusuf Yusliza , Ghazali Mariyam Jameelah , Taha Mastura Mohammad , Omar Noor Irinah
Published: December 2022

Fouling that develops on the surface of maritime environmental components, such as hulls and pipelines, can lead to various adverse effects and large losses to the company. Living organisms such as bacteria, algae, and shellfish, as well as organic and inorganic materials, settle on the surface and can affect function and productivity. The development of anti-fouling surfaces, such as surfaces containing chemicals that are biocidal agents, has long been used. However, the usage has been banned because of marine environmental effects. In this review, the current state of strategy for the fabrication of an environmentally anti-fouling surface that is suitable for marine environments is discussed. Several strategies for producing environmentally friendly anti-fouling surfaces have been established, such as the development of surfaces with antibacterial and self-cleaning properties, and have been successfully implemented in other fields such as textiles, medicine, and buildings. Among the methods that may be used are the development of surfaces that include biocides; surfaces that inhibit and prevent bacterial adhesion; and surfaces that have components that can kill bacteria when contacted. Self-cleaning surfaces, on the other hand, can be made by creating surfaces with superhydrophobic or superhydrifilic wettability properties, as well as photocatalytic surfaces with self-cleaning properties that can be used in the marine environment.
Cardiovascular telerehabilitation improves functional capacity, cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nacarato Diego , Sardeli Amanda V , Mariano Lilian O , Chacon-Mikahil Mara Patrícia T
Published: December 2022

Introduction

The aim was to identify whether cardiovascular telerehabilitation programs (CV-T-REHAB) can improve functional capacity, cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life (QoL) to the same extent of presential rehabilitation (CV-P-REHAB) in older adults, by meta-analysis of previous studies.

Methods

Literature search was conducted in October 2020 in four databases to select controlled trials of CV-T-REHAB effects on functional capacity (six-minute walk test [6MWT]), cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption [[Formula: see text]O2max]), and QoL in older adults (> 50 years) and included new articles in April 2022.

Results

CV-T-REHAB improved 6MWT (11.14 m [CI95% = 8.03; 14.26], p < 0.001), [Formula: see text]O2max (1.18 ml/kg/min [CI95% = 0.70; 1.66], p < 0.001), and QoL (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.36 [CI95% = 0.05; 0.67], p = 0.02). CV-T-REHAB increased [Formula: see text]O2max to a greater extent than CV-P-REHAB (1.08 ml/kg/min [0.39; 1.76], p = 0.002). Although the 6MWT and [Formula: see text]O2max analyses proved consistent and homogeneous, the QoL analysis showed considerable inconsistency ( I2 = 92.90%), suggesting the need for studies exploring the effect of CV-T-REHAB on QoL in this population. Part of the heterogeneity was explained by age differences, as CV-T-REHAB improved QoL in adults >65 years, but not in adults <64 years.

Conclusion

CV-T-REHAB improved cardiorespiratory fitness to a level equal to or higher than CV-P-REHAB and improved functional capacity and QoL; being mainly effective for QoL in older adults >65 years. Thus, CV-T-REHAB can be a good alternative, when not the best option and might be considered especially for individuals with limited access to participate in face-to-face programs.
Dilemmas of belonging: Young Muslim women in the Danish youth alcohol culture
Authors: Bærndt Marie Fjellerup , Frank Vibeke Asmussen
Published: December 2022

Aim: Focusing on drinking and partying among young Muslim women in Denmark, our aim was to examine how the drinking practices of young Muslim women are influenced by belonging, understood as sentiments of (national) belonging as well as the broader (politicised) discourse on Muslims in Denmark. Methods and data: Based on 32 qualitative in-depth interviews with young Muslim women, this paper explores their drinking practices as situated in a national youth culture highly influenced by alcohol intoxication. We draw on Nira Yuval-Davies’ (2006) distinction between belonging (as emotional attachment) and the politics of belonging. Findings: We found that the young women attempt to avoid negative comments based on stereotypes of Muslims and their drinking, by toning down being a Muslim. In addition, we showed how the difficulties of drinking alcohol while being both Muslim and Danish leads to several of the young women experiencing an ‘identity crisis’. Lastly, we found that a way for the studied women to reconcile Muslim and Danish identities is through faith, namely through actively choosing what kind of Muslim they want to be. Conclusion: Being part of a national youth culture of alcohol intoxication is inevitably dilemma-filled for the study's participants and they are challenged in their belonging. We argue that these dilemmas do not stand alone, but rather point to the broader predicaments of these women in Danish society.
Why do volunteer content moderators quit? Burnout, conflict, and harmful behaviors
Authors: Schöpke-Gonzalez Angela M. , Atreja Shubham , Shin Han Na , Ahmed Najmin , Hemphill Libby
Published: December 2022

Moderating content on social media can lead to severe psychological distress. However, little is known about the type, severity, and consequences of distress experienced by volunteer content moderators (VCMs), who do this work voluntarily. We present results from a survey that investigated why Facebook Group and subreddit VCMs quit, and whether reasons for quitting are correlated with psychological distress, demographics, and/or community characteristics. We found that VCMs are likely to experience psychological distress that stems from struggles with other moderators, moderation team leads’ harmful behaviors, and having too little available time, and these experiences of distress relate to their reasons for quitting. While substantial research has focused on making the task of detecting and assessing toxic content easier or less distressing for moderation workers, our study shows that social interventions for VCM workers, for example, to support them in navigating interpersonal conflict with other moderators, may be necessary.
Finite element simulations of mechanical behaviour and degradation of iron lattices
Authors: Salama Mariana C , Alves Frederico PD , Reis Luis , Deus Augusto M , Silva M Beatriz , Santos Catarina , Carmezim M Joao , Fátima Vaz M
Published: December 2022

Biodegradable metals such as iron have become appealing for usage in temporary bone implants. Although iron possesses excellent properties of biocompatibility, it shows a very slow degradation rate and presents a higher stiffness and strength when compared to human bone. Several strategies can be applied to decrease the strength of the iron, one of them being the use of porous/cellular structures. The present work aims to study the mechanical properties and the degradation behaviour of porous iron with cellular structures composed of lattice struts. Six lattice geometries, which were previously studied, and inspired by crystalline structures, were designed. The mechanical behaviour of the lattice arrangements was studied numerically using the finite element software NX Nastran. The corrosion module of the finite element software COMSOL was used to simulate the degradation behaviour of the cellular structure immersed in simulated body fluid. After the degradation process, the compressive properties of the porous cellular structures were also assessed. Under compression, the iron lattice structures showed an elastic limit stress close to the values determined for the trabecular bone yield stress. Geometries selected to simulate degradation have shown mass loss percentage and corrosion rates close to the degradation rate established for an ideal bone substitute. The present study confirms that the structural arrangement has a strong influence on the mechanical properties of iron cellular structures. The degradation behaviour of iron lattices also appears to be affected by the unit cell topology.
The digital Twin Block appliance: Concept, design and fabrication
Authors: Cousley Richard RJ
Published: December 2022

The Twin Block appliance (TBA) has evolved over the decades to remain a very effective treatment for growing Class II patients. This article introduces how two new versions of the TBA may be produced through an entirely digital workflow, from intra-oral scanning to thermoplastic appliance fabrication, using a novel computer-aided design process.
The optometry of visual communication: the Museum of Vision Science
Authors: Griffith Jane
Published: December 2022

This article uses the Museum of Vision Science and other museums of optometry as an entry point for considering the science of seeing and the seeing of science. The Museum of Vision Science, the only optometric museum in Canada, is part of an optometry school. The placement of the Museum of Vision Science within an optometry school perhaps harkens back to 19th-century examples of professional schools and museums, and this article suggests ways the museum could offer a dynamic approach to humanities understandings of vision within a science curriculum. But, more broadly, this article uses the case study of the Museum of Vision Science to consider larger possibilities for visual communication studies in conversation with optometry. Although the museum situates itself as one of vision science, it also offers a complicated ‘cultural’ history of vision. The author bridges questions of the hegemony of vision science with the practice of visual communication studies.