bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Responsabilidade social das empresas que pertencem ao programa “Em Boa Companhia” da BM&FBOVESPA
Authors: Schuster Herivélton Antônio , Moretti Bradlei Ricardo , Facin Lavarda Carlos Eduardo , Klann Roberto Carlos
Published: July 2017

The study aimed to identify the level of social responsibility of companies belonging to the “Em Boa Companhia” BMFBovespa. In this sense, a descriptive and documentary research was conducted, with a quantitative approach. The population of study includes all companies that are part of the “Em Boa Companhia” by BMFBovespa, listed in the Corporate Sustainability Index (ISE) and Carbon Efficient Index (ICO2), being composed by 29 companies, which six constituted the sample, those had the necessary data. The data analysis was carried out based on the indicators proposed in the Social Balance of the Brazilian Institute of Social and Economic Analysis (IBASE) Model. The results showed that Bank of Brazil was the one that had the highest investment in internal social indicators, while   Ultrapar was the one that less invested. Cemig company had the highest value in external social indicators and the greater investment if the net revenue is considered. Moreover, among companies that publish their Social Balance Sheet, the amount of the investments with environmental indicators is significantly lower the internal and external indicators. In addition, most of the amount invested in external indicators is intended for taxes.
O conceito de experiência e a formação para a democracia numa perspectiva Deweyana
Authors: Fávero Altair Alberto , Bechi Diego
Published: July 2017

O presente ensaio tem por escopo analisar o conceito deweyano de experiência no processo de formação de uma sociedade democrática. Para tanto, iniciamos mostrando que a filosofia da educação desenvolvida por John Dewey (1859-1952) se assentou numa teoria da experiência estruturada em torno de propósitos, fundamentos epistemológicos e métodos potenciais para proporcionar o aprimoramento das habilidades de raciocínio e do espírito crítico dos educandos. Na nossa interpretação, tais elementos são imprescindíveis para constituir uma educação democrática, pois para Dewey, a democracia não se limita a um regime de governo, mas sim é um modo de vida compartilhado e a sociedade torna-se democrática quando os diferentes grupos sociais são capazes de intercambiar experiências entre si de modo livre e plural.
LE LINGUISTIQUE ET LE LITTERAIRE QU’APPORTENT LES MANUSCRITS DE LINGUISTES ?
Authors: Coquet Jean-Claude , Fenoglio Irène , Testenoire Pierre-Yves
Published: July 2017

L’article qui suit est un composé de trois approches qui tentent de faire apparaître les liens entre linguistique et littérature chez les linguistes. Langues et Lettres, linguistique et littérature, ces deux domaines ont toujours été en couple, plus ou moins fusionnel, plus ou moins distendu, voire opposé dans les méthodologies d’approche de leur objet. Qu’en est-il du point de vue génétique ? Voilà les questions que nous proposons pour cette réflexion : ouvrir les archives de linguistes, rendre compte de leurs manuscrits peut-il avoir un intérêt pour la littérature ? Si la constitution élaborative d’un texte est bien le matériau initial et processuel de la littérature, en quoi, examiner cette constitution dans le domaine linguistique apporte quelque chose ?
VALIDAÇÃO DO ARRANJO ESPACIAL DO PERCEVEJO-DO-COLMO EM ARROZ IRRIGADO POR INUNDAÇÃO
Authors: Pazini Juliano De Bastos , Seidel Enio Júnior , Silva Fernando Felisberto da , Barrigossi José Alexandre Freitas , Martins José Francisco da Silva , Botta Robson Antonio
Published: July 2017

In order to spatial arrangement validation of Tibraca limbativentris Stal, 1860 (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in flooded rice field located at the “Planalto da Campanha” Region, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, was carried out a study in flooded rice fields at Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in the 2009/10, 2010/11 and 2011/12 harvests. Were established georeferenced grids for the samplings, totaling 81 points spaced ~50 m in the 2009/10 harvest and, 693 and 352 points in the 2010/11 and 2011/12 harvests, respectively, both with equidistant points ~10 m. Adults and nymphs samplings were performed on each point of the regular grids. We conducted a descriptive statistical analysis for the adults, nymphs and adults + nymphs variables by calculations the mean, standard deviation and minimum and maximum values and dispersion indices: variance/mean, Morisita index, k index, Green coefficient and Taylor potency. The rice stem bug spatial arrangement has been validated when the dispersion indices showed similar results. The rice stem bug T. limbativentris spatial arrangement in flooded rice is the aggregate type, regardless of the infestation level and life stage of the insect.
BAYESIAN AND MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD INFERENCE FOR THE DEFECTIVE GOMPERTZ CURE RATE MODEL WITH COVARIATES: AN APPLICATION TO THE CERVICAL CARCINOMA STUDY
Authors: Dos Santos Milene Regina , Achcar Jorge Alberto , Martinez Edson Zangiacomi
Published: July 2017

Survival analysis is a class of statistical methods to study the time until the occurrence of a specified event. The usual methods assume that all individuals under study are subjects to the event the interest. However, there are situations where this case is unrealistic. For example, in a clinical research, a proportion of patients could respond favourably to the treatment under investigation and consequently they would not die from the disease. Models based on defective distributions are a suitable way to analyse data with these characteristics. In this paper, we present Bayesian and maximum likelihood inference for the defective Gompertz cure rate model in presence of covariates. An example with application to disease-free survival of women treated for cervical carcinoma is used to illustrate the proposed methodology. In the Bayesian analysis, posterior distributions of parameters are estimated using the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. R, SAS and OpenBUGS codes are provided in the appendix at the end of the paper so that reader can carry out their own analysis.
O POTENCIAL DO STREPTOMYCES ISOLADOS NA REGIÃO DE MAUÉS NA PRODUÇÃO DE ENZIMAS HIDROLÍTICAS
Authors: Coelho Leila Viviane Araujo , Borba Camila Beatriz Atanásio , Melo Erik Jonne Vieira de , Da Silva Leonor Alves de Oliveira
Published: July 2017

The enzymes of microbial production area has grown in the last decades due to use in various industrial fields, and with that the research needs to innovations of existing products. The hydrolytic enzymes are biological catalysts of great commercial importance for low cost and high availability. This enzyme class has received special attention about his versatility in several areas of industrial biotechnology. The Brazil-nuts is a possible source of nutrients for the growth of micro-organisms in search of effective enzyme production and low cost. Were used two strains of Streptomyces sp. or production of protease, lipase, amylase and alkaline phosphatase using the residue Brazil-nut as carbon source in fermentation, semi-solid and liquid for the medium ISP-2 at pH 7.2 at a temperature 37°C for 15 days. The results showed that the best enzymatic activity was to protease secreted by Streptomyces sp. (1N) in semi solid fermentation. Concomitantly, was carried out an enzyme production kinetics with peak activity of 0.196 U / ml activity for 144 hours. The specific activity was observed a value of 2.17 U / mg protein for 240 hours. The production of enzymes excreted by Streptomyces sp. using the residue of Brazil-nuts is a resource for obtaining enzymes with high potential for solid state fermentation.
ALTERNATIVE METHOD OF RGB CHANNEL SPECTROSCOPY USING A CCD READER
Authors: Gobato Ricardo , Simões Filho Manuel
Published: July 2017

Spectroscopy is a technique for collecting physicochemical data through the transmission, absorption or reflection of incident radiant energy in a sample. Our work is used in common low cost and easy access devices that have a CCD reader. Our idea is a set of devices, such as a cell phone, which contains an optical CCD reader, where these equipment materials, materials, compounds, simplifying the image obtained by these optical devices. As filming obtained by optical CCD reader theses hardware, form decoded and separated into their quantified RGB color channels. Our initial technique consists of the analysis of the pixels of the images of primary light sources, such as: the sun, incandescent lamps, fire, candle flames, matchestick flame, wood combustion, etc. We conclude that it is possible to do a spectroscopic analysis using our technique.
ASSESSMENT OF KITCHEN WASTE GENERATED IN A MATERNITY HOSPITAL: A CASE STUDY IN BRAZIL
Authors: Moura Leonardo De Lima , Mahler Claudio Fernando , Caulliraux Heitor Mansur
Published: July 2017

Healthcare waste management (HCWM) is at problem in many developing countries. One of the main steps to implement a proper HCWM process is knowledge of the amount and composition of material generated. There are rare studies of the contribution of kitchen waste to the total mass of non-hazardous waste generated by hospitals in the world. This paper reports a diagnosis of waste generation by the kitchen of a maternity hospital in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Using the method established by the World Health Organization (WHO), non-hazardous wastes of all sectors were weighed for seven consecutive days in July and August, 2015. The average kitchen waste generated was 92.77 kg.day-1 and 76,73 kg.day-1, respectively, corresponding to 43.65% and 46.44% of the total mass of general waste produced in the period, although there was no positive correlation between the generated mass of kitchen waste and the number of meals prepared and served. We concluded that kitchen waste poses a considerable challenge to HCWM, mainly involving temporary internal storage, external storage and container cleaning, as well in the physical conditions of the workers that transport the waste.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE PROCESSOS HIDROGEOQUÍMICOS EM ÁGUAS SUBTERRÂNEAS DO SISTEMA AQUÍFERO SANTA MARIA, NA REGIÃO CENTRAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Luiz Thiago Boeno Patricio , Silva José Luiz Silvério da
Published: July 2017

A study was carried out of the hydrogeochemical processes involving the groundwater of the western portion of the Santa Maria Aquifer System (SMAS) in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul. The objective of this study was to characterize the behavior of a portion of the groundwater between São Pedro do Sul, Santa Maria and Restinga Seca municipalities, based on a model between water/rock interaction. Mineralogical and hydrochemical information were analyzed, aiming to model the hydrogeochemical evolution of the aquifer in these municipalities. For this purpose, a processing of the information in a geochemical modeling code was performed, using as previous reference mineralogical studies. The results pointed out the main geochemical interactions responsible for groundwater chemistry, which is strongly dependent of the chemical composition of the recharge waters and the mineralogical contribution of the sedimentary rocks of this aquifer system. The groundwater saturation states showed subsaturation processes tending to the balance of carbonate minerals, indicating the dissolution of these minerals, mainly calcite, as well as supersaturation of clay-minerals ilite, montmorillonite (smectite) and kaolinite, in both cases tending to the alkalinization of the environment. The characterization of the hydrogeochemical properties of aquifers is important for a correct understanding of the processes that occur in it and dominate the regional hydrogeology.
AVALIAÇÃO DE DIFERENTES ESQUEMAS DE CAMADA LIMITE PARA SIMULAÇÃO E PREVISÃO DE EVENTOS DE NEVOEIRO NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: De Paula Nórton Franciscatto , Puhales Franciano Scremin , Silva Gabriele Golart , Mintegui Jéssica Melo , Anabor Vagner , Piva Everson Dal , Costa Felipe Denardin
Published: July 2017

In this work we used two boundary layer schemes to reproduce numerically a persistent fog event in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. The model employed was WRF using, as initial and boundary conditions, GFS data. The boundary layer employed schemes were the Mellor-Yamada-Janic (MYJ) and Yonsei University (YSU). Generally, boundary layer overestimate of wind speed values schemes 10m and represent relatively well temperature. However, the relative humidity does not represent the fog condition, not reaching saturation in some cases. When saturation is achieved the same if not properly maintained during the occurrence of the event.
ANÁLISE DAS PRESSÕES ANTRÓPICAS NA BACIA PARAGUAI/JAUQUARA-MATO GROSSO
Authors: Ribeiro Higor Vendrame , Galvanin Edinéia Aparecida dos Santos , Paiva Magaywer Moreira
Published: July 2017

This paper aims to evaluate the pressure of anthropic transformation by the satellite Landsat 5 and 8 images, sensor (TM and OLI) for the years 1993, 1997, 2001, 2005, 2009 and 2014 in the Paraguai/Jauquara basin - Mato Grosso. The images were classified and processed in Spring software and thematic classes were quantified in Arcgis software. The degree of anthropization was verified through the Anthropic Transformation Index. Five classes were mapped, natural vegetation, masses of water, agriculture, pasture and other anthropic uses. Through Anthropic Transformation index was verified an increase in the degree of anthropization over the years in the sub-basin, the Jauquara river basin is with  little degraded index and the others basins were classified as  regular state, the intensification result of pasture and agriculture along with the reduction of natural vegetation.
Notas históricas sobre a família Cactaceae no Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil) e Uruguai. II – Período moderno (1950-1980): colecionadores e exploradores da região e imigrantes europeus
Authors: Pontes Rodrigo Corrêa , Marchiori José Newton Cardoso , Witeck Neto Leopoldo
Published: July 2017

É abordado o período áureo das descobertas de Cactaceae no Rio Grande do Sul e Uruguai. Muitas espécies novas foram encontradas por entusiastas, sobretudo descendentes de alemães, bem como por imigrantes europeus que percorreram os mais longínquos rincões da região.
Apresentação - Fragmentum
Authors: Souza Pedro De
Published: July 2017

Apresentamos neste número da Fragmentum um conjunto de artigos que registram pesquisas em andamento as quais adotam a voz como espaço de análise de processos de subjetivação. A ideia é expor a possibilidade de conceber novos objetos de investigação em Análise de Discurso cruzando heteroclitamente corpora constituídos no campo enunciativo da canção popular, da música erudita e da oratória política. Trata-se de uma exposição que serve de referência para discutir em que medida, segundo os parciais resultados de trabalhos em curso, pode-se considerar que contribuímos para investir na exploração de novos objetos neste mesmo campo.
A voz no feminino: uma análise discursiva de elementos prosódicos num pronunciamento eleitoral de Dilma Rousseff
Authors: Piovezani Carlos
Published: July 2017

Fundamentados na Análise de Discurso, derivada de Michel Pêcheux e seu Grupo,pretendemos descrever e interpretar certos elementos prosódicos que incidem na constituição dos sentidos no discurso político brasileiro. Mais especificamente, analisaremos sequências discursivas extraídas do Horário Gratuito de Propaganda Eleitoral, das eleições presidenciais de 2010,focalizando, sobretudo, certas características e modulações vocais num pronunciamento da então candidata Dilma Rousseff. Além de participar da construção de efeitos de espontaneidade e de autenticidade de seu dizer, a voz de Dilma contribui decisivamente para a produção de uma sua condição feminina e de seus corolários, refutando enunciados de uma formação discursiva adversária e afirmando sua qualidade de mulher, esposa e mãe.
Participação da enfermeira nos cuidados paliativos domiciliares
Authors: Hey Albimara , Hermann Ana Paula , Mercês Nen Nalú Alves das , Lacerda Maria Ribeiro
Published: July 2017

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo describir los cuidados paliativos domiciliarios llevados a cabo por enfermeras; identificar las relaciones existentes entre enfermeras, familias y pacientes en tales cuidados paliativos y caracterizar los momentos significativos de la participación de la enfermera en dichos cuidados. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa con enfoque exploratorio descriptivo. Los datos fueron recogidos a través de una entrevista semiestructurada a once enfermeras que realizan cuidados paliativos domiciliarios y fueron analizados según el análisis de contenido de Bardin. Los resultados mostraron que la participación de las enfermeras en la atención paliativa se produce a través de la identificación de las necesidades y el reconocimiento del contexto en el que se inserta el paciente, que los cuidados de enfermería se llevan a cabo mediante la creación de vínculos con el paciente y la familia, y la vivencia de momentos significativos cuando se realizan dichos cuidados. Llegamos a la conclusión que la presencia de las enfermeras en esta modalidad de atención es esencial y que podría contribuir a estructurar este tipo de atención en el Sistema Único de Salud de Brasil.
Técnicas empreendidas para difusão da prática baseada em evidências entre enfermeiros hospitalares
Authors: Camargo Fernanda Carolina , Iwamoto Helena Hemiko , Monteiro Damiana Aparecida Trindade , Goulart Mayla Borges , Garcia Luan Augusto Alves , Augusto Amanda Luzia Dias dos Santos , Contim Divanice , Pereira Gilberto de Araújo
Published: July 2017

El objeto del presente estudio fue describir la experiencia de difusión de la práctica basada en evidencias entre enfermeros gerentes de un hospital universitario público del Triángulo Mineiro. Se trata de una investigación que considera que la extensión universitaria es una de sus interfaces. Fue implementado por el sector responsable de asesorar al desarrollo de investigaciones del hospital conjuntamente con el curso de grado de Enfermería de la universidad correspondiente. Las técnicas fueron adoptadas durante el desarrollo de cinco talleres de motivación a la práctica basada en evidencias, entre agosto y septiembre/2016, desde una perspectiva hermenéutica-dialéctica. El grupo focal estaba formado por gerentes de enfermería de unidades de hospitalización. La organización de los talleres fue la siguiente: constitución del grupo conductor; movilización del grupo de interés y desarrollo del trabajo en los talleres. Para caracterizar al grupo focal se utilizó un cuestionario estructurado. La edad promedio de los participantes era 35,1 años, la mayoría eran mujeres (95%), todos con posgrado. Las técnicas adoptadas incluyeron desde estrategias discursivas hasta expresiones artísticas para calentamiento y desarrollo de la tarea grupal, ayudar en la operatividad del grupo, en la construcción colectiva de conocimiento y apoyar a los gerentes de enfermería para que puedan identificar las oportunidades en la vida con miras a mejorar los procesos y los resultados clínicos por medio de la incorporación de evidencias científicas cualificadas. El nivel de preparación del grupo conductor para la mediación y las características del grupo focal, como la conciencia del valor de las investigaciones para la calidad de la atención, favorecieron el desarrollo de los talleres y el éxito de las técnicas adoptadas.
Escala preditiva de complicações da hipertensão
Authors: Silva Ângela Taís Mattei da , Mantovani Maria de Fátima , Godoy Simone de , Kalinke Luciana Puchalski , Ulbrich Elis Martins
Published: July 2017

Se trata de una investigación metodológica cuantitativa que utiliza la técnica Delphi con el fin de validar el contenido y la apariencia de una escala de predicción de complicaciones de la hipertensión con acciones para la gestión del cuidado. Los datos fueron recogidos de febrero a julio de 2015, en dos rondas de cuestionarios a través de Google Docs® y una reunión de consenso. Los participantes eran profesionales con máster y doctorado expertos en hipertensión. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando estadística descriptiva y el índice de validez de contenido. En la primera ronda del proceso de validación 15 (47%) de los participantes tenían máster, 17 (53%) doctorado y la concordancia entre ellos sobre los elementos de la escala fue de 87%; en la segunda parte 13 (50%) con máster, 13 (50%) con doctorado y la concordancia aumentó a 98%. En la reunión de consenso seis expertos discutieron las sugerencias dadas en la segunda ronda. Se llega a la conclusión que la escala de predicción de complicaciones de la hipertensión con acciones para la gestión del cuidado mostró evidencias de validez de contenido, lo cual indica que puede ser utilizada para medir el riesgo de desarrollo de complicaciones y proporcionar acciones que posibiliten la gestión del cuidado.
Open Praxis, volume 9 issue 2
Authors: Gil-Jaurena (ed.), various authors Inés
Published: July 2017

For a fourth consecutive year Open Praxis has partnered with the Open Education Consortium for the publication of selected papers among those presented in the 2017 Open Education Global Conference (Cape Town, South Africa, 8-10 March, 2017). After the peer-review process 7 papers were accepted for publication. Additionaly, this issue includes 3 innovative practice papers.
Motoneurons regulate the central pattern generator during drug-induced locomotor-like activity in the neonatal mouse
Authors: Falgairolle Melanie , Puhl Joshua G , Pujala Avinash , Liu Wenfang , O’Donovan Michael J
Published: July 2017

Motoneurons are traditionally viewed as the output of the spinal cord that do not influence locomotor rhythmogenesis. We assessed the role of motoneuron firing during ongoing locomotor-like activity in neonatal mice expressing archaerhopsin-3 (Arch), halorhodopsin (eNpHR), or channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) in Choline acetyltransferase neurons (ChAT+) or Arch in LIM-homeodomain transcription factor Isl1+ neurons. Illumination of the lumbar cord in mice expressing eNpHR or Arch in ChAT+ or Isl1+ neurons, depressed motoneuron discharge, transiently decreased the frequency, and perturbed the phasing of the locomotor-like rhythm. When the light was turned off motoneuron firing and locomotor frequency both transiently increased. These effects were not due to cholinergic neurotransmission, persisted during partial blockade of gap junctions and were mediated, in part, by AMPAergic transmission. In spinal cords expressing ChR2, illumination increased motoneuron discharge and transiently accelerated the rhythm. We conclude that motoneurons provide feedback to the central pattern generator (CPG) during drug-induced locomotor-like activity.
The double-edged sword of evolution
Authors: Kruzel-Davila Etty , Skorecki Karl
Published: July 2017

Two gene variants provide different levels of protection against sleeping sickness, but this comes with an increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease.
Visualising higher-dimensional space-time and space-scale objects as projections to ℝ3
Authors: Arroyo Ohori Ken , Ledoux Hugo , Stoter Jantien
Published: July 2017

Objects of more than three dimensions can be used to model geographic phenomena that occur in space, time and scale. For instance, a single 4D object can be used to represent the changes in a 3D object’s shape across time or all its optimal representations at various levels of detail. In this paper, we look at how such higher-dimensional space-time and space-scale objects can be visualised as projections from ℝ4to ℝ3. We present three projections that we believe are particularly intuitive for this purpose: (i) a simple ‘long axis’ projection that puts 3D objects side by side; (ii) the well-known orthographic and perspective projections; and (iii) a projection to a 3-sphere (S3) followed by a stereographic projection to ℝ3, which results in an inwards-outwards fourth axis. Our focus is in using these projections from ℝ4to ℝ3, but they are formulated from ℝnto ℝn−1so as to be easily extensible and to incorporate other non-spatial characteristics. We present a prototype interactive visualiser that applies these projections from 4D to 3D in real-time using the programmable pipeline and compute shaders of the Metal graphics API.
Quantitative proteome-level analysis of paulownia witches’ broom disease with methyl methane sulfonate assistance reveals diverse metabolic changes during the infection and recovery processes
Authors: Wang Zhe , Liu Wenshan , Fan Guoqiang , Zhai Xiaoqiao , Zhao Zhenli , Dong Yanpeng , Deng Minjie , Cao Yabing
Published: July 2017

Paulownia witches’ broom (PaWB) disease caused by phytoplasma is a fatal disease that leads to considerable economic losses. Although there are a few reports describing studies of PaWB pathogenesis, the molecular mechanisms underlying phytoplasma pathogenicity in Paulownia trees remain uncharacterized. In this study, after building a transcriptome database containing 67,177 sequences, we used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) to quantify and analyze the proteome-level changes among healthyP. fortunei(PF), PaWB-infectedP. fortunei(PFI), and PaWB-infectedP. fortuneitreated with 20 mg L−1or 60 mg L−1methyl methane sulfonate (MMS) (PFI-20 and PFI-60, respectively). A total of 2,358 proteins were identified. We investigated the proteins profiles in PFvs. PFI (infected process) and PFI-20vs. PFI-60 (recovered process), and further found that many of the MMS-response proteins mapped to “photosynthesis” and “ribosome” pathways. Based on our comparison scheme, 36 PaWB-related proteins were revealed. Among them, 32 proteins were classified into three functional groups: (1) carbohydrate and energy metabolism, (2) protein synthesis and degradation, and (3) stress resistance. We then investigated the PaWB-related proteins involved in the infected and recovered processes, and discovered that carbohydrate and energy metabolism was inhibited, and protein synthesis and degradation decreased, as the plant responded to PaWB. Our observations may be useful for characterizing the proteome-level changes that occur at different stages of PaWB disease. The data generated in this study may serve as a valuable resource for elucidating the pathogenesis of PaWB disease during phytoplasma infection and recovery stages.
Melatonin supplementation for the prevention of hospital-associated delirium
Authors: Joseph Sarah Gabrielle
Published: July 2017

Characterized by acute alterations in cognition or consciousness, delirium is a transient neuropsychiatric syndrome that develops in a large percentage of hospitalized patients. Delirium is a robust predictor of increased morbidity, mortality, and health care costs, especially when diagnosed in the critical care setting. Although the exact pathogenesis behind delirium has yet to be defined, disturbances in the sleep-wake cycle are a core feature. Currently, no pharmacologic interventions are recommended for delirium prophylaxis. Due to the role of melatonin in regulating the sleep-wake cycle, its use in delirium has been investigated in recent years. Objective data has shown altered serum levels of melatonin and its precursor, tryptophan, in patients with delirium, further suggesting a correlation between melatonin and delirium. This article examines the available evidence and discusses considerations surrounding melatonin supplementation for the prevention of hospital-associated delirium.
Psychiatric symptoms and synthetic cannabinoid use: Information for clinicians
Authors: Sweet Gary , Kim Sara , Martin Samuel , Washington Nicole B. , Brahm Nancy
Published: July 2017

Background:

Limited treatment information is available when patients present with psychotic symptoms secondary to synthetic cannabinoid (SC) use. Symptoms associated with use are often indistinguishable from those encountered with a primary mental illness and also include aggression, confusion, and anxiety. For these patients, clinicians rely on physical presentation, symptom(s) onset, and episode duration when evaluating patients.

Patient History:

An adult man was involuntarily admitted to inpatient status secondary to reports of bizarre behaviors that included paranoia and psychomotor agitation. Because of the severity of the symptoms, he was unable to participate in the admission assessment. On day 2, he reported having smoked a substance provided by a friend. In addition, he admitted to previous SC use on 3 occasions, with each occasion resulting in an involuntary admission to inpatient status. The course of this admission was unremarkable.

Conclusions:

A brief overview of psychiatric signs and symptoms of SC use and information to help clinicians are included. The presentation of psychotic symptoms secondary to SC may be consistent with those of psychosis or other substances of abuse. Because of the variability in the symptoms produced by SC use, clinicians are encouraged to consider SC use in the diagnostic evaluation.
Psychiatric admission in adolescent transgender patients: A case series
Authors: Alastanos Jennifer N. , Mullen Sandra
Published: July 2017

Gender dysphoria is defined as a marked incongruence between one's natal gender and gender identity that causes significant distress. It may be present in children but often fades prior to puberty. Gender dysphoria is more likely to persist into adulthood when present in adolescents. Due to the common occurrence of psychiatric comorbidities, gender dysphoria is a contributing factor leading to outpatient and inpatient psychiatric care in children and adolescents. There is currently limited available literature on psychiatric hospitalization and management in transgender adolescents. A PubMed search revealed no case reports regarding psychiatric admission for transgender adolescents with comorbid anxiety, depression, or suicidal ideation. Due to the lack of literature related to psychiatric management of transgender adolescent patients, this case series briefly describes the past medical history, pharmacotherapy, and discharge diagnoses of 5 transgender adolescents admitted to an inpatient psychiatry unit. In this case series, 4 of the 5 patients identified as female to male and ages ranged from 13 to 17 years. All patients had a history of depressive symptoms with suicidal ideation as the key factor prompting admission. All patients were managed on psychotropic pharmacotherapy, and 3 of the 5 patients were on pharmacotherapy related to gender transition. Anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation were common comorbidities leading to psychiatric hospitalization of adolescent transgender patients in various stages of gender transitioning in this case series.
Approach to the provision of transgender health care in a veteran population
Authors: Kaigle Allie , Sawan-Garcia Ranya , Firek Anthony
Published: July 2017

Transgender patients often experience health disparities, including higher rates of psychiatric comorbidity, tobacco and substance use disorders, higher suicide risk, and reduced access and initiation of medical and mental health services. In 2011, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system released a directive outlining the provision of transgender health care services. Since 2011, the number of transgender veterans seeking services has increased. To address these health care disparities and ensure competent comprehensive medical and mental health care for this population, an interprofessional team collaborated to develop the first formalized Transgender Healthcare Clinic at the VA Loma Linda Medical Center. The team consisted of an endocrinologist, primary care provider, clinical pharmacist, psychologist, and social worker. Each member of the team plays a key role in the management of mental and medical health care for transgender veterans. After implementation of the Transgender Healthcare Clinic and its respective model for appointments, access to gender transition–related health care has improved and expanded. Although the role of the clinical pharmacist is well established in this clinic, the addition of a psychiatric pharmacist to the transgender health care team could improve patient care through the integration of an expert understanding of behavioral and pharmacologic aspects facing transgender individuals. The psychiatric pharmacist is trained with the unique skill set required to address these concerns and facilitate the optimal management of co-occurring mental illnesses commonly seen in this patient population. Further research focusing on the integration of psychiatric pharmacists into transgender health care teams is needed.
The provenance and internal structure of the Cycladic Blueschist Unit revealed by detrital zircon geochronology, Western Cyclades, Greece
Authors: Seman S. , Stockli D. F. , Soukis K.
Published: July 2017

This study presents detrital zircon U‐Pb analyses of 23 samples of the Cycladic Blueschist Unit (CBU) from Kea, Kythnos, and Serifos islands, as well as the Lavrion Peninsula of SE Attica. The maximum depositional ages (MDA) and age distributions of detrital zircon U‐Pb dates are used to correlate metasediments between the islands considered herein and infer their provenance. Two distinct detrital zircon U‐Pb age distributions are found in CBU metasediments: “Proterozoic,” comprised of >40% Neoproterozoic zircons with Triassic‐Early Jurassic maximum depositional ages and “Paleozoic,” containing >30% Paleozoic zircons and yielding Late Jurassic‐Cretaceous MDAs. Proterozoic affinity metasediments are rift margin deposits derived from the northern Gondwanan margin. Paleozoic metasediments are flysch sediments most probably sourced from the Internal Hellenides. This metamorphosed flysch forms a distinct marker horizon found in a similar structural position in Lavrion, Kythnos, and Serifos. Based on lithologic correlation, sediment provenance, and MDA estimates, the CBU of Kythnos is correlative to the Lavrion Schists of Attica. On the islands of Serifos and Kythnos and within the Lavrion Schists only young‐on‐old relationships exist between rocks based on MDA estimates.
Reversible Thermal Tuning of All‐Dielectric Metasurfaces
Authors: Rahmani Mohsen , Xu Lei , Miroshnichenko Andrey E. , Komar Andrei , Camacho‐Morales Rocio , Chen Haitao , Zárate Yair , Kruk Sergey , Zhang Guoquan , Neshev Dragomir N. , Kivshar Yuri S.
Published: July 2017

All‐dielectric metasurfaces provide a powerful platform for a new generation of flat optical devices, in particular, for applications in telecommunication systems, due to their low losses and high transparency in the infrared. However, active and reversible tuning of such metasurfaces remains a challenge. This study experimentally demonstrates and theoretically justifies a novel scenario of the dynamical reversible tuning of all‐dielectric metasurfaces based on the temperature‐dependent change of the refractive index of silicon. How to design an all‐dielectric metasurface with sharp resonances by achieving interference between magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole modes of constituted nanoparticles arranged in a 2D lattice is shown. Thermal tuning of these resonances can cause drastic but reciprocal changes in the directional scattering of the metasurface in a spectral window of 75 nm. This change can result in a 50‐fold enhancement of the radiation directionality. This type of reversible tuning can play a significant role in novel flat optical devices including the metalenses and metaholograms.
Cyanid‐freie und breit anwendbare enantioselektive Syntheseplattform für chirale Nitrile durch einen biokatalytischen Zugang
Authors: Betke Tobias , Rommelmann Philipp , Oike Keiko , Asano Yasuhisa , Gröger Harald
Published: July 2017

Eine Cyanid‐freie Plattformtechnologie zur Synthese von chiralen Nitrilen durch eine biokatalytische, enantioselektive Dehydratisierung zahlreicher Aldoxime wurde entwickelt. Die Nitrile wurden in vielen Fällen mit Enantiomerenüberschüssen von >90 % ee (bis zu 99 % ee) erhalten, und eine “privilegierte Substratstruktur” in Hinblick auf das Erzielen einer hohen Enantioselektivität wurde identifiziert. Des Weiteren wurde ein überraschendes Phänomen bei der Enantiospezifität beobachtet, das normalerweise in der Biokatalyse nicht auftritt: In Abhängigkeit vom E‐ und Z‐Isomer des racemischen Aldoximsubstrats wurde mit demselben Enzym das gegensätzliche Enantiomer des gebildeten Nitrils als bevorzugtes Produkt erhalten.
Peptide‐Directed Binding for the Discovery of Modulators of α‐Helix‐Mediated Protein–Protein Interactions: Proof‐of‐Concept Studies with the Apoptosis Regulator Mcl‐1
Authors: Beekman Andrew Michael , O'Connell Maria Anne , Howell Lesley Ann
Published: July 2017

Targeting PPIs with small molecules can be challenging owing to large, hydrophobic binding surfaces. Herein, we describe a strategy that exploits selective α‐helical PPIs, transferring these characteristics to small molecules. The proof of concept is demonstrated with the apoptosis regulator Mcl‐1, commonly exploited by cancers to avoid cell death. Peptide‐directed binding uses few synthetic transformations, requires the production of a small number of compounds, and generates a high percentage of hits. In this example, about 50 % of the small molecules prepared showed an IC50 value of less than 100 μm, and approximately 25 % had IC50 values below 1 μm to Mcl‐1. Compounds show selectivity for Mcl‐1 over other anti‐apoptotic proteins, possess cytotoxicity to cancer cell lines, and induce hallmarks of apoptosis. This approach represents a novel and economic process for the rapid discovery of new α‐helical PPI modulators.
Band‐Gap Opening in Metallic Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Encapsulation of an Organic Salt
Authors: Nieto‐Ortega Belén , Villalva Julia , Vera‐Hidalgo Mariano , Ruiz‐González Luisa , Burzurí Enrique , Pérez Emilio M.
Published: July 2017

The encapsulation of viologen derivatives into metallic single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) results in the opening of a band gap, making the SWNTs semiconducting. Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and aberration‐corrected high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy confirm the encapsulation process. Through the fabrication of field‐effect transistor devices, the change of the electronic structure of the tubes from metallic to semiconducting upon the encapsulation is confirmed. The opening of a gap in the band structure of the tubes was not detected in supramolecular controls.
A Fairly Stable Crystalline Silanone
Authors: Alvarado‐Beltran Isabel , Rosas‐Sánchez Alfredo , Baceiredo Antoine , Saffon‐Merceron Nathalie , Branchadell Vicenç , Kato Tsuyoshi
Published: July 2017

Silanones 2 substituted by bulky amino‐ and phosphonium ylide substituents have been synthesized and isolated in crystalline form. Thanks to the steric protection and the strong electron‐donating ability of the substituents, silanones 2 are persistent and only slowly dimerizes at room temperature (t1/2=0.5 or 5 h). Structural and theoretical analysis of 2 indicate a short Si=O bond (1.533 Å) and an enhanced polarization toward the O atom compared to Me2Si=O owing to the strong π‐electron donation from the phosphonium ylide substituent.
Stereospecificity in Intramolecular Photoredox Reactions of Naphthoquinones: Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (−)‐Spiroxin C
Authors: Ando Yoshio , Hanaki Atsuko , Sasaki Ryota , Ohmori Ken , Suzuki Keisuke
Published: July 2017

Intramolecular photoredox reactions of naphthoquinone derivatives were found to proceed in a stereospecific manner. This method was used as a basis for the enantioselective total synthesis of (−)‐spiroxin C.
Implementing plant‐derived isosorbide and isomannide as comonomers for polyester synthesis: Effects of crystallization properties on optical properties
Authors: Zhang Fuchen , Wang Qiuxia , Wang Lipeng , Bai Yongping
Published: July 2017

This article describes the implementation of plant‐derived isosorbide (IS) and isomannide (IM) in the copolymerization modification of poly(ethylene terephthalate). The effects of the two comonomers on the optical, crystallization, and thermal properties of the resulting copolyesters were studied using the following analytical methods: proton nuclear magnetic resonance; differential scanning calorimetry; X‐ray diffraction; thermogravimetry; and ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy. As comonomers, IS and IM increased the transmittance and reduced the haze of the copolyesters. Moreover, while IM improved the optical properties more than did IS, both monomers improved the optical properties of the copolyesters by lowering its crystallization ability. After the copolymerization modification, the crystallization rate of the copolyesters was reduced, decreasing the crystallinity and crystal size and thereby reducing the light transmission interference. The comonomers also altered the light absorption properties of the copolyesters and conferred a substantial increase in the transmittance of near‐infrared (NIR) wavelengths. These changes in optical properties exhibit the potential of these comonomers for applications in optical materials and NIR detectors. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45444.
Interaction between moisture transport and Kelvin waves events over Equatorial Africa through ERA‐interim
Authors: Zebaze Sinclaire , Lenouo André , Tchawoua Clément , Gaye Amadou T. , Kamga François M.
Published: July 2017

This study examines the moisture transport variability and its interaction between rainfall and Kelvin wave's events over Equatorial Africa using 1979–2010 ERA‐interim reanalysis data, precipitation from Global Precipitation Climatology Project and outgoing long‐wave radiation. Kelvin waves events influenced in Congo basin varies within each rainy season, as the intertropical convergence zone moves through the region. The moisture flux is calculated for the entire tropospheric column (1000–300 hPa) over Central Africa (5–10°N; 5–30°E). Analysis of mean monthly fluxes shows a progressive penetration of the flux into Gulf of Guinea (5°S–5°N; 0–15°E). Mean seasonal values of moisture components across boundaries indicate that the zonal component is the largest contributor to mean moisture over Central Africa, while the meridional component contributes the most over the Gulf of Guinea. Lag correlation between precipitation and moisture is largely dominated over land with a coefficient greater than 0.5, while moisture increases with enhanced phase of Kelvin waves.
Varying iron release from transferrin and lactoferrin proteins. A laboratory experiment
Authors: Carmona Fernando , González Ana , Sánchez Manu , Gálvez Natividad , Cuesta Rafael , Capdevila Mercè , Dominguez‐Vera Jose M.
Published: July 2017

Iron metabolism is an important subject of study for undergraduate students of chemistry and biochemistry. Relevant laboratory exercises are scarce in the literature but would be very helpful in assisting students grasp key concepts. The experiment described here deals with different iron release mechanisms of two protagonists in iron metabolism: serum transferrin (Tf) and lactoferrin (Lf). Despite having very similar structures and iron‐binding sites, Tf releases practically all its iron at pH 5.5 while Lf requires a significantly lower pH of 3. This difference in behavior is directly related to their respective biological functions as Tf blood‐borne iron into the cell, while Lf competes with pathogens to sequester iron in biological fluids at more acidic pHs.

 During this experiment, the students will carry out iron loading and unloading on both human Lf and Tf and monitor the iron release at different pHs using UV–Vis spectroscopy. With this simple approach, the students will discover the different patterns of iron release of Tf and Lf and how this variance in behavior relates to their biological functions. Furthermore, this laboratory practice can be expanded to allow students to investigate a variety of iron proteins. © 2017 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45(6):521–527, 2017.
Cell‐free DNA results lead to unexpected diagnosis
Authors: Smith Jessica , Kean Victoria , Bianchi Diana W. , Feldman Gerald , Petrucelli Nancie , Simon Michael , Gonik Bernard
Published: July 2017

Key Clinical Message

Maternal cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) results that are discordant with the diagnostic fetal karyotype should prompt further investigation. If deeper analysis of the cfDNA results demonstrates a “saw‐tooth” pattern characteristic of genome‐wide imbalance, maternal malignancy is suggested. Identifying the maternal malignancy can, however, be difficult.
Core‐shell MnO@MnFe2O4 Anchored by Reduced Graphene Oxide as Anode of Li‐Ion Batteries Operated under Ultrawide Temperature Range
Authors: Du Yao , Liu Chun , Sun Shuijing , Wu Songping
Published: July 2017

A facile high‐temperature solution route to a monodisperse core‐shell structure of MnO (core) and MnFe2O4 (shell) (abbreviated as MFO) nanoparticles anchored on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has been established. Subsequently, MnO@MnFe2O4@rGO nanocomposites are utilized as advanced anode materials for high‐performance Li‐ion batteries. MnO@3MFO@rGO containing 22.5 wt% of the rGO composite (with a 1 : 3 molar ratio of MnO/MFO) as the electrodes delivered a remarkable cycling performance, that is, 587.8 mAh g−1 at a current density of 200 mA g−1 after 200 cycles at ambient temperature with an ultralow capacity fading (0.10 % per cycle). More importantly, the electrodes afforded excellent capacity stability under various operation temperatures (ca. −20 to 70 °C), such as an excellent reversible capacity of 1067 mA h g−1 at a current density of 500 mA g−1 after 300 cycles at 60 °C, and remarkable low‐temperature performance of a reversible capacity of 208.7 mA h g−1 at a current density of 200 mA g−1 at −20 °C. Therefore, MnO@3MFO@rGO nanocomposites are considered as promising battery materials that can be operated in harsh environments.
The First Triple‐Decker Complex with a Carbenium Center, [CpCo(μ‐C3B2Me5)RuC5Me4CH2]+: Synthesis, Reactivity, X‐Ray Structure, and Bonding
Authors: Muratov Dmitry V. , Romanov Alexander S. , Corsini Maddalena , Kudinov Alexander R. , de Biani Fabrizia Fabrizi , Siebert Walter
Published: July 2017

The first derivative of the methylium cation with the triple‐decker substituent, [CpCo(C3B2Me5)RuC5Me4CH2]PF6 (2PF6), was synthesized from the reaction of the triple‐decker complex CpCo(C3B2Me5)RuCp* (1) with the salt of the trityl cation [CPh3]+. The X‐ray crystal structure of 2PF6 reveals that the methylium carbon is bound to the ruthenium with Ru−C bond length of 2.259 Å and corresponds to the description of its structure as η6‐fulvene‐ruthenium. Reactions of 2PF6 with nucleophiles OH−, Ph3P, Et3N led to the corresponding derivatives of 1 in high yields. Aromatic amines PhNEt2 and 4‐MeC6H4NH2 react with 2PF6 to give the electrophilic aromatic substitution products quantitatively. Chemical reduction of 2PF6 with Zn powder in tetrahydrofuran leads to the formation of the bis(triple‐decker) derivative (CpCo(C3B2Me5)RuC5Me4CH2)2 (10) with a CH2CH2‐bridge. The structures of complexes 4, 7–10 were determined by X‐ray diffraction. Density functional calculations support the crystallographically determined geometry of 2 and allow rationalization of some characteristics of its structure, spectroscopy, and reactivity.