bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Oxytocin Impact the Psychotherapeutic Process? An Explorative Investigation of Internet-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Engel Sinha , Schumacher Sarah , Niemeyer Helen , Küster Annika , Burchert Sebastian , Rau Heinrich , Willmund Gerd-Dieter , Knaevelsrud Christine
Published: March 2020

Background: Oxytocin might promote favorable psychotherapy outcomes by strengthening the therapeutic alliance. Its involvement in psychotherapeutic processes, especially regarding the therapeutic alliance, needs further investigation. Patients and Methods: Blood oxytocin of 35 male German Armed Forces service members who were seeking treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was analyzed before the onset of a 5-week internet-based, trauma-focused psychotherapy. We investigated whether oxytocin influenced patients’ ratings of the therapeutic alliance components “agreement on collaboration” and “emotional bond,” assessed during and after treatment. We further explored oxytocin’s impact on general change mechanisms of psychotherapy and on psychotherapy expectation and evaluation. Results: Oxytocin had no significant impact on early agreement on collaboration, which significantly predicted psychotherapy outcome. Early emotional bond was not predicted by oxytocin and was not predictive for psychotherapy outcome. Descriptive analyses showed that patients with higher pretreatment oxytocin concentrations provided higher ratings of general change mechanisms of psychotherapy. On a descriptive level, the associations between psychotherapy expectation and evaluation and oxytocin were mixed. Discussion and Conclusion: We found positive effects of higher pretreatment oxytocin concentrations in PTSD patients. This descriptive study is limited by its small sample size and needs replication in larger, independent samples. However, results indicate possible benefits of oxytocin on trauma-focused psychotherapy.
Simultaneous Vitreoretinal Surgery and Penetrating Keratoplasty without a Keratoprosthesis or Endoscopy for Vitreoretinal Disease Associated with Corneal Opacity
Authors: Yoshimoto Takuya , Yamada Naoyuki , Higashijima Fumiaki , Teranishi Shinichiro , Kimura Kazuhiro
Published: March 2020

We evaluated the visual outcome of combined penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) and 25G pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) performed without a temporary keratoprosthesis or endoscopy in a patient with vitreoretinal disease complicated by severe corneal opacity. The patient was a 68-year-old woman who had severe corneal opacity and silicone oil in her left eye after several previous intraocular surgeries for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and proliferative vitreoretinopathy. We successfully performed a combined surgery of conventional PKP followed by 25G PPV without the use of a keratoprosthesis.At 6 months after surgery, visual acuity had not improved, and the density of corneal endothelial cells of the donor cornea had declined from 3,205 to 1,969 cells/mm2. However, corneal transparency remained good, and additional surgery for vitreoretinal disease was not necessary. The combined surgical procedure designed to minimize the number of open-sky steps and to limit vitreoretinal complications thus proved to be safe and achieved stable corneal clarity in a patient with vitreoretinal disease and severe corneal opacity.
Partial Inhibition of Glycolysis Reduces Atherogenesis Independent of Intraplaque Neovascularization in Mice
Authors: Perrotta Paola , Van der Veken Bieke , Van Der Veken Pieter , Pintelon Isabel , Roosens Laurence , Adriaenssens Elias , Timmerman Vincent , Guns Pieter-Jan , De Meyer Guido R.Y. , Martinet Wim
Published: March 2020

Objective:

Intraplaque neovascularization is an important feature of unstable human atherosclerotic plaques. However, its impact on plaque formation and stability is poorly studied. Because proliferating endothelial cells generate up to 85% of their ATP from glycolysis, we investigated whether pharmacological inhibition of glycolytic flux by the small-molecule 3PO (3-[3-pyridinyl]-1-[4-pyridinyl]-2-propen-1-one) could have beneficial effects on plaque formation and composition.

Approach and Results:

ApoE
−/
−
(apolipoprotein E deficient) mice treated with 3PO (50 µg/g, ip; 4×/wk, 4 weeks) showed a metabolic switch toward ketone body formation. Treatment of ApoE
−/−
Fbn1
C1039G+/−
mice with 3PO (50 µg/g, ip) either after 4 (preventive, twice/wk, 10 weeks) or 16 weeks of Western diet (curative, 4×/wk, 4 weeks) inhibited intraplaque neovascularization by 50% and 38%, respectively. Plaque formation was significantly reduced in all 3PO-treated animals. This effect was independent of intraplaque neovascularization. In vitro experiments showed that 3PO favors an anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage subtype and suppresses an M1 proinflammatory phenotype. Moreover, 3PO induced autophagy, which in turn impaired NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa B) signaling and inhibited TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha)–mediated VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) and ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) upregulation. Consistently, a preventive 3PO regimen reduced endothelial VCAM-1 expression in vivo. Furthermore, 3PO improved cardiac function in ApoE
−/−
Fbn1
C1039G+/−
mice after 10 weeks of treatment.

Conclusions:

Partial inhibition of glycolysis restrained intraplaque angiogenesis without affecting plaque composition. However, less plaques were formed, which was accompanied by downregulation of endothelial adhesion molecules—an event that depends on autophagy induction. Inhibition of coronary plaque formation by 3PO resulted in an overall improved cardiac function.
Shear Stress–Induced miR-143-3p in Collateral Arteries Contributes to Outward Vessel Growth by Targeting Collagen V-α2
Authors: Troidl Kerstin , Hammerschick Thomas , Albarran-Juarez Julian , Jung Georg , Schierling Wilma , Tonack Sarah , Krüger Marcus , Matuschke Benjamin , Troidl Christian , Schaper Wolfgang , Schmitz-Rixen Thomas , Preissner Klaus T. , Fischer Silvia
Published: March 2020

Objective:

Arteriogenesis, describing the process of collateral artery growth, is activated by fluid shear stress (FSS). Since this vascular mechanotransduction may involve microRNAs (miRNAs), we investigated the FSS-induced expression of vascular cell miRNAs and their functional impact on collateral artery growth during arteriogenesis.

Approach and Results:

To this end, rats underwent femoral artery ligation and arteriovenous anastomosis to increase collateral blood flow to maximize FSS and trigger collateral vessel remodeling. Five days after surgery, a miRNA expression profile was obtained from collateral tissue, and upregulation of 4 miRNAs (miR-24-3p, miR-143-3p, miR-146a-5p, and miR-195-5p) was verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Knockdown of miRNAs at the same time of the surgery in an in vivo mouse ligation and recovery model demonstrated that inhibition of miR-143-3p only severely impaired blood flow recovery due to decreased arteriogenesis. In situ hybridization revealed distinct localization of miR-143-3p in the vessel wall of growing collateral arteries predominantly in smooth muscle cells. To investigate the mechanotransduction of FSS leading to the increased miR-143-3p expression, cultured endothelial cells were exposed to FSS. This provoked the expression and release of TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β), which increased the expression of miR-143-3p in smooth muscle cells in the presence of SRF (serum response factor) and myocardin. COL5A2 (collagen type V-α2)—a target gene of miR-143-3p predicted by in silico analysis—was found to be downregulated in growing collaterals.

Conclusions:

These results indicate that the increased miR-143-3p expression in response to FSS might contribute to the reorganization of the extracellular matrix, which is important for vascular remodeling processes, by inhibiting collagen V-α2 biosynthesis.
Accurate Conduction Velocity Maps and Their Association With Scar Distribution on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Postinfarction Ventricular Tachycardias
Authors: Aronis Konstantinos N. , Ali Rheeda L. , Prakosa Adityo , Ashikaga Hiroshi , Berger Ronald D. , Hakim Joe B. , Liang Jialiu , Tandri Harikrishna , Teng Fei , Chrispin Jonathan , Trayanova Natalia A.
Published: March 2020

Background:

Characterizing myocardial conduction velocity (CV) in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) is important for understanding the patient-specific proarrhythmic substrate of VTs and therapeutic planning. The objective of this study is to accurately assess the relation between CV and myocardial fibrosis density on late gadolinium–enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (LGE-CMR) in patients with ICM.

Methods:

We enrolled 6 patients with ICM undergoing VT ablation and 5 with structurally normal left ventricles (controls) undergoing premature ventricular contraction or VT ablation. All patients underwent LGE-CMR and electroanatomic mapping (EAM) in sinus rhythm (2960 electroanatomic mapping points analyzed). We estimated CV from electroanatomic mapping local activation time using the triangulation method that provides an accurate estimate of CV as it accounts for the direction of wavefront propagation. We evaluated the association between LGE-CMR intensity and CV with multilevel linear mixed models.

Results:

Median CV in patients with ICM and controls was 0.41 m/s and 0.65 m/s, respectively. In patients with ICM, CV in areas with no visible fibrosis was 0.81 m/s (95% CI, 0.59–1.12 m/s). For each 25% increase in normalized LGE intensity, CV decreased by 1.34-fold (95% CI, 1.25–1.43). Dense scar areas have, on average, 1.97- to 2.66-fold slower CV compared with areas without dense scar. Ablation lesions that terminated VTs were localized in areas of slow conduction on CV maps.

Conclusions:

CV is inversely associated with LGE-CMR fibrosis density in patients with ICM. Noninvasive derivation of CV maps from LGE-CMR is feasible. Integration of noninvasive CV maps with electroanatomic mapping during substrate mapping has the potential to improve procedural planning and outcomes.

Visual Overview:

A
visual overview
is available for this article.
Brain Atrophy and the Risk of Futile Endovascular Reperfusion in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Pedraza María I. , de Lera Mercedes , Bos Daniel , Calleja Ana I. , Cortijo Elisa , Gómez-Vicente Beatriz , Reyes Javier , Coco-Martín María Begoña , Calonge Teodoro , Agulla Jesús , Martínez-Pías Enrique , Talavera Blanca , Pérez-Fernández Santiago , Schüller Miguel , Galván Jorge , Castaño Miguel , Martínez-Galdámez Mario , Arenillas Juan F.
Published: March 2020

Background and Purpose—

We aimed to evaluate the impact of brain atrophy on long-term clinical outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with endovascular therapy, and more specifically, to test whether there are interactions between the degree of atrophy and infarct volume, and between atrophy and age, in determining the risk of futile reperfusion.

Methods—

We studied consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke with proximal anterior circulation intracranial arterial occlusions treated with endovascular therapy achieving successful arterial recanalization. Brain atrophy was evaluated on baseline computed tomography with the global cortical atrophy scale, and Evans index was calculated to assess subcortical atrophy. Infarct volume was assessed on control computed tomography at 24 hours using the formula for irregular volumes (A×B×C/2). Main outcome variable was futile recanalization, defined by functional dependence (modified Rankin Scale score >2) at 3 months. The predefined interactions of atrophy with age and infarct volume were studied in regression models.

Results—

From 361 consecutive patients with anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke treated with endovascular therapy, 295 met all inclusion criteria. Futile reperfusion was observed in 144 out of 295 (48.8%) patients. Cortical atrophy affecting parieto-occipital and temporal regions was associated with futile recanalization. Total global cortical atrophy score and Evans index were independently associated with futile recanalization in an adjusted logistic regression. Multivariable adjusted regression models disclosed significant interactions between global cortical atrophy score and infarct volume (odds ratio, 1.003 [95%CI, 1.002–1.004],
P
<0.001) and between global cortical atrophy score and age (odds ratio, 1.001 [95% CI, 1.001–1.002],
P
<0.001) in determining the risk of futile reperfusion.

Conclusions—

A higher degree of cortical and subcortical brain atrophy is associated with futile endovascular reperfusion in anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke. The impact of brain atrophy on insufficient clinical recovery after endovascular reperfusion appears to be independently amplified by age and by infarct volume.
UNDERSTANDING THE MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP CULTURE OF THE INNOVATIVE AUTOMOTIVE COMPANIES
Authors: OKATAN Kağan
Published: March 2020

Management and leadership styles and approaches
have always been important for business and management literature. The
dominance of management and leadership on companies’ success or failure has
been highlighted and investigated by important amount of studies in existing
literature. This study investigates the management and leadership culture type
of sample innovative companies from automotive industry by applying ‘competing
values framework assessment’ . This study also identifies the culture types of
other dimensions of organizational culture and provides a consolidated view. The
results demonstrated the dominance of market culture which fosters competition
among the members of the organization and success oriented. On the other hand,
hierarchy culture has considerable existence in the ‘management of employees’
dimension of the organizational culture. All four culture types’ existence
levels are also represented in the study for all dimensions of organizational
culture.
BİST SİGORTACILIK ENDEKSİ’NDEKİ ŞİRKETLERDE, BANKASÜRANS UYGULAMALARININ PRİM VE TEKNİK KÂRLILIKLARA ETKİSİ
Authors: GÜMÜŞ Ersin
Published: March 2020

Banka
sigortacılığı anlamına gelen bankasürans, sigorta şirketleri ile bankaların
sigorta ürünlerini pazarlama ve satış süreçlerinde birlikte faaliyet
göstermeleri şeklinde tanımlanabilir. Ülkemizde de bankasürans faaliyetleri
sigorta şirketlerinin önemli bir satış kanalı haline gelmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı
bankasürans uygulamalarının BİST sigorta şirketlerinin prim üretimi ve teknik
kârlılıkları üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Çalışmada BİST Sigortacılık
Endeksi’nde yer alan 6 şirketten, verileri düzenli olarak temin edilebilmiş 5
sigorta şirketine ait veriler kullanılmıştır. Veriler arasındaki eşbütünleşme ilişkilerinin
tespit edilebilmesi amacıyla Pedroni Cointegration testi, nedensellik
ilişkilerinin tespit edilebilmesi amacıyla Granger Causality testi
uygulanmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen analizler sonucunda, bankasürans oranları ile
BİST sigorta şirketlerinin prim üretimi ile teknik kârlılık oranları arasında nedensellik
ilişkilerinin bulunduğu görülmüştür.
Abundance and size of European lobsters (Homarus gammarus) and brown crabs (Cancer pagurus) inside and outside the Kåvra lobster reserve (west coast of Sweden)
Authors: Øresland Vidar , Oxby Gert , Oxby Fredrik
Published: March 2020

The common method of using lobster-pot catch data for investigating relative abundance, sex and size distribution has serious disadvantages. This study estimates relative abundance and size of the European lobster Homarus gammarus and the brown crab Cancer pagurus using scuba diving techniques. The study areas were the Kåvra lobster reserve (Kåvra) on the Swedish west coast and three very different nearby areas where fishing for crustaceans is allowed: Gullmarsfjorden; the archipelago; and the offshore area. A total of 167 lobsters and 337 brown crabs were observed during 33 scuba dives (each 30 minutes long) in 2018-2019. The estimated mean abundance of lobsters was three to fifteen times as high at Kåvra in comparison with the other three areas (all exact showing that the statistical populations were distinct in comparison with Kåvra; Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Test). Dive sites in the outer part of the offshore area had the lowest abundance of lobsters although they had seemingly good lobster habitats and low fishing intensity. Large lobsters with a carapace length of ⩾15 cm were found only at Kåvra where they made up 24% of the lobsters. The proportion of large lobsters inside Kåvra continues to increase after 30 years of protection. Together, this emphasizes the impact of fishing on lobster abundance and size distribution, and indicates that limited recruitment and migration might possibly affect offshore lobster “sub populations”. Kåvra was the only area where the abundance of lobsters exceeded the abundance of brown crabs (). However, the abundance of brown crabs at Kåvra was as low as in Gullmarsfjorden () where fishing for crabs is allowed. Possible complex lobster/brown crab interactions together with other factors that might explain the low abundance of the protected brown crab at Kåvra, need to be investigated further.
Cheirostylis barbata, a new species Orchidaceae (Goodyerinae) from Yunnan, China

Authors: WU XUN-FENG , LIU QIANG , LI JIN-LONG , TANG ZONG-YING , XING XIAO-KE
Published: March 2020

Cheirostylis barbata, a new species of Orchidaceae, is described and illustrated from Yunnan Province, China. It is morphological similar to C. griffthii, but it can be easily distinguished from the latter in having densely villous inflorescence, floral bracts 1.2–1.4 cm, significantly longer than ovary, lobes of lip deeply laciniate with 7–9 divisions, each lacinae randomly oriented, 6.0–7.5 mm long, hypochile containing 2 callus, each callus 4-toothed. A preliminary assessment of ex­tinction risk, according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, is also provided.
Increased Drought Risk in South Asia under Warming Climate: Implications of Uncertainty in Potential Evapotranspiration Estimates
Authors: Aadhar Saran , Mishra Vimal
Published: March 2020

Observed and projected changes in potential evapotranspiration (PET) and drought are not well constrained in South Asia. Using five PET estimates [Thornthwaite (PET-TH), Hargreaves–Samani (PET-HS), Penman–Monteith (PET-PM), modified Penman–Monteith (PET-MPM), and energy (PET-EN)] for the observed (1979–2018, from ERA5) and future warming climate, we show that significant warming has occurred in South Asia during 1979–2018. PET changes show considerable uncertainty depending on the method used. For instance, PET-TH has increased significantly while all the other four methods show a decline in PET in the majority of South Asia during the observed period of 1979–2018. The increase in PET-TH is substantially higher than PET-HS, PET-PM, and PET-MPM due to a higher (3–4 times) sensitivity of PET-TH to warming during the observed period. Under the 1.5°, 2.0°, and 2.5°C warming worlds, global climate models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5 GCMs) project increases in PET and drought frequency over the majority of the regions. Drought estimates based on PET-EN and PET-MPM are consistent with soil moisture–based drought estimates and project a substantial increase in the frequency of severe droughts under warming climate in South Asia. In addition, the projected frequency of severe drought based on PET-TH, which is an outlier, is about 5 times higher than PET-EN and PET-MPM. Methods to estimate PET contribute the most in the overall uncertainty of PET and drought projections in South Asia, primarily due to PET-TH. Drought estimates based on PET-TH are not reliable for the observed and projected future climate. Therefore, future drought projections should be either based on PET-EN/PET-MPM or soil moisture.
Surface Expression of a Wall Fountain: Application to Subglacial Discharge Plumes
Authors: McConnochie Craig D. , Cenedese Claudia , McElwaine Jim N.
Published: March 2020

We use laboratory experiments and theoretical modeling to investigate the surface expression of a subglacial discharge plume, as occurs at many fjords around Greenland. The experiments consider a fountain that is released vertically into a homogeneous fluid, adjacent either to a vertical or a sloping wall, that then spreads horizontally at the free surface before sinking back to the bottom. We present a model that separates the fountain into two separate regions: a vertical fountain and a horizontal, negatively buoyant jet. The model is compared to laboratory experiments that are conducted over a range of volume fluxes, density differences, and ambient fluid depths. It is shown that the nondimensionalized length, width, and aspect ratio of the surface expression are dependent on the Froude number, calculated at the start of the negatively buoyant jet. The model is applied to observations of the surface expression from a Greenland subglacial discharge plume. In the case where the discharge plume reaches the surface with negative buoyancy the model can be used to estimate the discharge properties at the base of the glacier.
Fighting (for) the margins: Trade union responses to the emergence of cross-border temporary agency work in the European Union
Authors: Heinrich Steffen , Shire Karen , Mottweiler Hannelore
Published: March 2020

Recent research suggests that trade unions in the European Union have become more receptive towards temporary and migrant workers and recognise their distinct interests. This article investigates to what extent this shift in attitude informs union responses to cross-border temporary agency work, an important variant of migrant non-standard work in the European Union. This employment form entails several potential lines of intra-labour conflicts of interests, that is, insider versus outsider and domestic versus migrant workers, and thus offers a particularly promising case to study whether and how unions seek to aggregate the interests of an increasingly heterogeneous workforce. Our findings suggest that although trade unions have gained considerable regulatory influence and new capacities to mediate conflicts of interest between different worker groups, a considerable degree of ambiguity remains in union positions and strategies towards temporary agency work and cross-border labour. Instead of gradual steps towards full inclusion of workers regardless of status and origin, union responses are best described as selective representation.
“Classroometrics”: The Validity, Reliability, and Fairness of Classroom Music Assessments
Authors: Wesolowski Brian C.
Published: March 2020

Validity, reliability, and fairness are three prominent indicators for evaluating the quality of assessment processes. Each of the indicators is most often written about and applied in the context of large-scale assessment. As a result, the technical properties of these indicators make them limited in both their practicality and relevance for classroom assessments. The purpose of this article is to describe validity, reliability, and fairness in a way that is meaningful and applicable toward improving the quality of classroom music assessments.
Fund-a-mental Grant Writing: Opportunities for Teachers and Researchers
Authors: Bugos Jennifer A.
Published: March 2020

Grant writing can be a useful tool for music educators and researchers who seek added funding for resources to facilitate their projects and programs. Since few grant-writing courses are tailored to the needs of music educators, this article provides information on how to identify funding mechanisms, understand grant-writing terminology, draft application components, and develop an idea into a letter of inquiry or an elevator speech to approach potential funders. Creative approaches to grant writing and careful attention to program requirements can contribute to successfully funded proposals that provide additional resources and support for music programs and professional development.
Clothes Don’t Maketh the Man Nor a Criminal Profiler an Expert Witness
Authors: Kocsis Richard N. , Palermo George B.
Published: March 2020

The article by Kocsis and Palermo, published in 2016, examined the findings of research which had assessed the validity of the investigative technique colloquially known as criminal profiling. These findings were subsequently considered within the framework of their relevance to the admissibility of the technique as a form of expert witness evidence. The overall conclusion was that a discrete facet of the profiling technique may satisfy some of the requisite legal criteria for admissibility in jurisdictions within the United States. However, this conclusion was based upon studies which used samples of senior forensic psychiatrists and psychologists as the tested profilers. In this regard, it was noted that this parameter may preclude the generalization of this conclusion to other professional groups who do not possess such qualifications. Accordingly, the present article explores the potential admissibility of law enforcement personnel who are not qualified forensic mental health practitioners tendering expert witness evidence in the nature of criminal profiling. The conclusion of this analysis is that law enforcement personnel who possess suitable expertise in the analytic task of criminal profiling arguably possess an analogous knowledge base akin to the aforementioned senior forensic psychiatrists and psychologists. On this basis, the conclusions in Kocsis and Palermo, published in 2016, may extend to such personnel and their potential to likewise provide expert witness evidence.
Signaling Parenthood: Managing the Motherhood Penalty and Fatherhood Premium in the U.S. Service Sector
Authors: Luhr Sigrid
Published: March 2020

An extensive body of research documents that women experience a motherhood penalty at work whereas men experience a fatherhood premium. Yet much of this work presupposes that employers are aware of a worker’s parental status. Given the different consequences that parenthood has on outcomes such as pay and promotions, it is conceivable that men and women may deploy their status as parents differently when interacting with employers. Drawing on in-depth interviews with a racially diverse sample, this article examines how mothers and fathers working in the service sector use their parental status when negotiating work and child care responsibilities. Mothers, particularly black mothers, were less likely to openly discuss their children at work. In some cases, women purposefully concealed from their employers the fact that they were mothers or found other ways of signaling their commitment to their jobs. Fathers, on the other hand, were more likely to discuss their children with their employers and overwhelmingly characterized their managers as understanding of their parenting obligations. Together, these findings help us understand how mothers and fathers navigate the consequences of parenthood in the workplace and add nuance to previous studies of motherhood penalties and fatherhood premiums.
Created by god and wired to porn: Redemptive Masculinity and Gender Beliefs in Narratives of Religious Men’s Pornography Addiction Recovery
Authors: Burke Kelsy , Haltom Trenton M.
Published: March 2020

The literature on hybrid masculinity suggests that some men manage subordinate or contradictory forms of masculinity while still maintaining and benefiting from gender inequality. Drawing from 35 in-depth qualitative interviews with religious participants in pornography addiction recovery programs, we expand this literature by illustrating how hybrid masculinity operates through shared cultural knowledge about sex, gender, and sexuality. We find that participants use distinct cultural schemas related to religion and science to explain how men are created by God to be biologically “hard-wired” for pornography addiction. We use the phrase redemptive masculinity to describe a type of hybrid masculinity that upholds the cultural association between hegemonic masculinity and pornography consumption, but allows religious men to describe their avoidance of pornography as a masculine feat. Redemptive masculinity depends upon particular beliefs about gender that give advantage to the religious men who work to overcome pornography addiction. We show how their stories reinforce essentialist differences between male and female bodies that protect the interests and sexual expressions of religious men. In turn, we show how hybrid masculinities may involve gender-flexible practices for men but also how these may ultimately reinforce strict and inflexible beliefs about so-called “opposite” sexes.
Honour of Kings as Chinese popular heritage: Contesting authorized history in a mobile game
Authors: Liboriussen Bjarke , Martin Paul
Published: March 2020

This article examines how users on social media responded to state criticism of the representation of Chinese historical characters in the popular Tencent mobile game Honour of Kings. The game’s usage of historical characters and the ensuing debate and criticism are analysed as ‘popular heritage’. A qualitative content analysis identifies several categories in the discussion of this game on the Q & A website Zhihu (知乎). The article discusses these categories in relation to existing literature on popular heritage. The analysis contributes to this literature by identifying a new feature of popular heritage, whereby the dissonance associated with popular heritage becomes in itself an enjoyable object of popular pleasure, deepening popular heritage’s capacity to generate critique of authorized heritage and exposing divisions within the power bloc. In light of these findings, we call for an approach to popular heritage that escapes a dichotomous people–elite schema in favour of a multi-actor approach.
Gastrointestinal vasculitis due to systemic lupus erythematosus treated with rituximab: a case report
Authors: Kenar Gökçe , Atay Kadri , Yüksek Gül Emek , Öz Burak , Koca Süleyman Serdar
Published: March 2020

Background

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus may present with variable gastrointestinal manifestations including peritonitis, pancreatitis, enteritis, and vasculitis. Gastrointestinal vasculitis is one of the most devastating complications of systemic lupus erythematosus, with a mortality rate of 50% when it progresses to bowel ischemia and is complicated by hemorrhage or perforation.

Case report

A young female patient known to have systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis, and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, on immunosuppressive treatment presented to the emergency department with acute abdominal pain and nausea. The clinical findings were first associated with an acute flare of lupus nephritis according to the assessments with active laboratory parameters. However, over a short time the abdominal pain worsened and was accompanied by peritonitis and gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The computed tomography scans demonstrated a dilated bowel and thickening of the bowel compatible with gastrointestinal vasculitis. The upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy supported the diagnosis of vasculitis by showing multiple ulcerative lesions along the gastrointestinal tract. The patient was successfully treated with pulse corticosteroids urgently, with a fast response to subsequent rituximab therapy without any relapses. Treatment with cyclophosphamide was not preferred because the patient had a high cumulative dose.

Conclusion

Gastrointestinal vasculitis should be a primary differential diagnosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus presenting with abdominal pain because of its rapid progression and high mortality. The treatment choice has been suggested as cyclophosphamide for severe cases in the literature. In this case report, a patient successfully treated with rituximab without any relapses was documented.
Relationship between remission, disease activity and patient-reported outcome measures in patients with recent-onset systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Heijke Rebecca , Björk Mathilda , Frodlund Martina , McDonald Laura , Alemao Evo , Sjöwall Christopher
Published: March 2020

Objective

Definitions of remission in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; DORIS (1A/1B/2A/2B)), disease activity assessments and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are useful in shared decision making between patients with SLE and physicians. We used longitudinal registry data from well-characterized Swedish patients with recent-onset SLE to explore potential correlations between DORIS status or disease activity, and PROMs.

Methods

Patients from the Clinical Lupus Register in North-Eastern Gothia, Sweden, who fulfilled the 1982 American College of Rheumatology and/or the 2012 Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics classification criteria without prior organ damage, were enrolled at diagnosis. Data on treatments, serology, remission status (DORIS), disease activity (SLE Disease Activity Index-2000 (SLEDAI-2K)) and PROMs (quality of life: EuroQoL-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D); pain intensity, fatigue and well-being: visual analog scale (VAS) 0–100 mm) were collected during rheumatology clinic visits at months 0 (diagnosis), 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60. Correlations were assessed using Pearson correlation and/or beta regression coefficients.

Results

A total of 41 patients were enrolled (median age = 39 years, 80% female, 85% white). Achievement of DORIS 1A and 2A (neither of which includes serology) significantly correlated with all PROMs (EQ-5D: p ≤ 0.02; pain: p = 0.0001; fatigue: p = 0.0051; well-being: p < 0.0001). Disease activity measures were correlated with VAS pain intensity ( p < 0.03) and VAS well-being ( p < 0.04).

Conclusions

Our findings illustrate the importance of the interplay between remission, disease activity assessments and PROMs. PROMs may be a useful tool in clinical practice, being administered prior to patient visits to streamline clinical care.
Exploring Kerr and McKay’s Beehive of Smart Girls: Understanding the Challenges Facing Gifted Adolescent Females
Authors: Guthrie Kate H.
Published: March 2020

For gifted girls, the journey toward self-actualization can be particularly challenging during adolescence. To better support gifted adolescent girls, this article explores a contemporary framework for understanding smart girls of the 21st century: Kerr and McKay’s beehive of smart girls. Kerr and McKay’s typology highlights how different combinations of characteristics ultimately create rich variations of gifts and talents—instead of assuming all smart girls have the same characteristics, experiences, and visions. Building on their framework, this article (a) offers additional insights into how each type of smart girl may experience gifted adolescence, (b) suggests potential barriers to self-actualization each type of smart girl may face, and (c) invites voices of educators from middle and high school classrooms to share their own reflections and insights of how they have come to know each type of smart girl.
Enhanced Well-Being Through Mindfulness: Supporting the Gifted Adolescent Journey
Authors: Kane Michele
Published: March 2020

Adolescence is a developmental journey that is both exhilarating and exhausting, especially for those gifted and talented youngsters who are sensitive, intense, and altruistic. This combines with four major changes in brain circuitry that lead to shifts in thinking, feeling, decision-making, and interacting in the teenage mind. In addition, physical maturation complicates the process with additional challenges. Mindfulness and other contemplative practices continue to find evidence-based, effective support for improving and fostering well-being in adolescents. For gifted teens, whose asynchony provides qualitatively different life experiences, beginning regular mindfulness practices can generate an enhanced sense of social and emotional mental health. Mindfulness practices that are pathways to calm and peace are discussed along with recommended apps for centering.
Head Motion During MRI Predicted by out-of-Scanner Sustained Attention Performance in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Thomson Phoebe , Johnson Katherine A. , Malpas Charles B. , Efron Daryl , Sciberras Emma , Silk Timothy J.
Published: March 2020

Objective: To characterize head movements in children with ADHD using an ex-Gaussian distribution and examine associations with out-of-scanner sustained attention. Method: Fifty-six children with ADHD and 61 controls aged 9 to 11 years completed the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In-scanner head motion was calculated using ex-Gaussian estimates for mu, sigma, and tau in delta variation signal and framewise displacement. Sustained attention was evaluated through omission errors and tau in response time on the SART. Results: Mediation analysis revealed that out-of-scanner attention lapses (omissions during the SART) mediated the relationship between ADHD diagnosis and in-scanner head motion (tau in delta variation signal), indirect effect: B = 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [0.07, 3.15], accounting for 29% of the association. Conclusion: Findings suggest a critical link between trait-level sustained attention and infrequent large head movements during scanning (tau in head motion) and highlight fundamental challenges in measuring the neural basis of sustained attention.
Is Energy Delivery Guided by Indirect Calorimetry Associated With Improved Clinical Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Tatucu-Babet Oana A , Fetterplace Kate , Lambell Kate , Miller Eliza , Deane Adam M , Ridley Emma J
Published: March 2020

Background:

Indirect calorimetry (IC) is recommended to guide energy delivery over predictive equations in critical illness due to its precision. However, the impact of using IC to measure energy expenditure on clinical outcomes is uncertain.

Objective:

To evaluate whether using IC to measure energy expenditure to inform energy delivery reduced hospital mortality and improved other important outcomes compared to using predictive equations in critically ill adults.

Methods:

A systematic literature review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guideline. Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies using IC to guide energy delivery compared to a predictive equation in adult critically ill patients with the primary outcome (hospital mortality) or any of the secondary outcomes reported (including but not limited to hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS) and duration mechanical ventilation (MV). Risk of bias within studies was assessed using the Cochrane “Risk of Bias” 1 tool. Random-effect meta-analyses were used when heterogeneity between studies existed (I2 > 50%). Data are reported as median (interquartile range [IQR]), binomial outcomes as odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and continuous outcomes as mean difference (MD).

Results:

Of 4060 articles, 4 randomized controlled trials were identified with 396 patients included in analysis. Three studies were considered low risk of bias and 1 as high risk. Two studies reported hospital mortality (n = 130 and 40 participants, respectively). When combined, no association between IC-guided energy delivery and hospital mortality was found (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = [0.25, 2.67], P = 0.73, I2 = 52). No differences were reported with ICU mortality and hospital LOS between groups, but ICU LOS and duration of MV varied across all studies. According to the meta-analysis, no differences were observed in ICU LOS (MD = 1.39, 95% CI = [–5.01, 7.79], P = 0.67, I2 = 81%), although the duration of MV was increased when energy delivery was guided by IC (MD = 2.01, 95% CI = [0.45, 3.57], P = 0.01, I2 = 26%). In all 4 studies, prescribed energy targets were more closely met when energy delivery was informed by IC compared to a predictive equation. Three studies reported the percentage delivered versus the prescribed energy target, with the median (IQR) delta between the IC and predictive equation arms 19% (10%-32%).

Conclusion:

Limited data exist to assess the impact of using IC to inform energy delivery in comparison to predictive equations on hospital mortality. The association of IC use with other important outcomes, including duration of MV, needs to be further explored before definitive conclusions can be made.
Federative patient organizations in a decentralized health-care system: A challenge for representation?
Authors: Mankell Anna , Fredriksson Mio
Published: March 2020

Over the last two decades, the inclusion of patient voices and public values in the field of health care through deliberation has become increasingly emphasized, by patients as well as policy-makers. This is achieved not only through individual patient participation but also through patient interest organizations. Geographical representation within national interest organizations is especially important in a decentralized, multilevel policy field such as Swedish health care, allowing representation from all regions to be present in national advocacy. Using Pitkin’s conceptualization of political representation, this study aims to characterize the shaping of representation among Swedish federative patient organizations, in a time of professionalization and centralization of civil society. The results show that patient organization representation has functioning mechanisms for all studied aspects of representation; however, the nature of the substantive representation seems to contain a challenge from a democratic perspective. This leads us to a discussion about management, rooted in democratic ideals but simultaneously strongly characterized by more managerial ideals, and the contradiction of democracy and actionable management.
Reduction of friction stir welding setup loadability, process forces and weld seam width by tool scaling
Authors: Grätzel M , Hasieber M , Löhn T , Bergmann JP
Published: March 2020

Friction stir welding is an increasingly used method to join similar and dissimilar materials with excellent mechanical weld seam properties. However, in certain cases, friction stir welding is restricted by high mechanical loads as a result of high forces and torques during the welding process. This relates in particular stiffness-reduced machine concepts which may cause path deviations, massive vibrations and insufficient tool plunging. Against this background, this investigation demonstrates a method to reduce forces and torques by tool scaling. Due to the stepwise diameter reduction of shoulder and probe and a simultaneous adjustment of the process parameters, a significant force and spindle torque reduction was achieved. Furthermore, it could be shown that tool scaling does not affect the mechanical strength properties. The experimental investigations were carried out with EN AW 5754 H11 with a sheet thickness of 8 mm. The weld seams were performed on a robotized friction stir welding setup (KUKA KR500) with a maximum axial force of 10 kN. Based on a 26-mm shoulder and a 10-mm pin diameter, it could be demonstrated that the general weldability of 8 mm EN AW 5754 H11 is restricted (incomplete tool plunge) by the maximum axial force of the robotized friction stir welding setup (10 kN). Due to the stepwise reduction of the shoulder and probe diameter from 26 mm to 20.8 mm and 10 mm to 8 mm, respectively, a general weldability and weld seams without irregularities could be achieved by the equal robotized friction stir welding setup. Furthermore, it could be shown that an axial force and spindle torque reduction from 10 kN to 4 kN and 29 Nm to 10 Nm, respectively, was obtained due to further reduction of the tool diameters.
Searching for contact with birth relatives: Search angels and search facilitators
Authors: Baden Amanda L , Harrington Elliotte Sue , White Ebony
Published: March 2020

Reunification or post-adoption contact between adoptees, birth families, and other adoption stakeholders has become a normalized developmental trajectory, yet the process of seeking contact after adoption placement varies greatly depending on numerous factors including access to original birth certificates, openness of the adoption, and systemic and institutional challenges that may aid or hinder contact. In this study, 101 post-adoption search facilitators responded to an online survey comprised of scale items and open-ended responses.

Findings

Respondents reported that most had no formal education or training to prepare them to assist with searches, they were primarily self-taught and utilized workshops and conferences as a secondary source of preparation, and only about one-quarter required counseling as part of the search process. Findings also indicated that formal education was rated as not helpful and office training (for those who had it) as neutral in its helpfulness. The primary theme identified in the data was that search facilitators must recognize emotions, particularly the grief and loss, associated with the search process to be effective.

Applications

Social work educators can prepare social work practitioners to effectively assist with post-adoption searches and reunions for adoptees and first/birth parents. Best practice will include training social workers to anticipate both the logistical and emotional needs of searchers.
Why Do People Trust Their State Government?
Authors: Wolak Jennifer
Published: March 2020

Are the origins of trust in state government different from the reasons why people trust the national government? I argue that trust in state government has distinctive origins, tied to differences in how states operate within a federal system of government. Leveraging variations in the character of the states, I consider whether trust in state government is a function of its proximity to citizens, people's relative preferences for smaller government, and the homogeneity of state electorates. Using responses to the 2017 Cooperative Congressional Election Study, I show feelings of trust in state government follow not only from state political conditions and economic performance but also from the distinctive character of the states. These findings challenge prior accounts that argue that diffuse trust in state government reflects only how people feel about the national government, and highlight how large states and small states face different challenges in cultivating trust in state government.
No Correlation Between Ethical Judgment in Trolley Dilemmas and Vaccine Scenarios for Nurse Specialist Students
Authors: Oftedal Gry , Ravn Ingrid H. , Dahl Fredrik A.
Published: March 2020

We tested whether responses to trolley problems by nurse specialist students correlated with their responses to hypothetical vaccine problems, as a follow-up to a similar study on ethics committees. No statistically significant correlation was found between the trolley and vaccination scores. These results confirmed and strengthened the finding of a very weak correlation (possibly zero), and the point estimate was even lower than for the ethics committees. Hence, the nurse specialists’ responses to the trolley problems cannot be used to indicate any direction for their responses to the vaccine problems, although there is a common core issue of sacrificing some for many. The respondents reported a relatively high willingness to push one man in front of a trolley to save five. They also reported a high willingness to act in trolley dilemmas compared with vaccination dilemmas, although the dimensions of risk–reward ratios and consent heavily favored the latter.