bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploiting redundancy for UWB anomaly detection in infrastructure-free multi-robot relative localization
Authors: Salimpour Sahar , Morón Paola Torrico , Yu Xianjia , Westerlund Tomi , Peña-Queralta Jorge
Published: December 2023

Ultra-wideband (UWB) localization methods have emerged as a cost-effective and accurate solution for GNSS-denied environments. There is a significant amount of previous research in terms of resilience of UWB ranging, with non-line-of-sight and multipath detection methods. However, little attention has been paid to resilience against disturbances in relative localization systems involving multiple nodes. This paper presents an approach to detecting range anomalies in UWB ranging measurements from the perspective of multi-robot cooperative localization. We introduce an approach to exploiting redundancy for relative localization in multi-robot systems, where the position of each node is calculated using different subsets of available data. This enables us to effectively identify nodes that present ranging anomalies and eliminate their effect within the cooperative localization scheme. We analyze anomalies created by timing errors in the ranging process, e.g., owing to malfunctioning hardware. However, our method is generic and can be extended to other types of ranging anomalies. Our approach results in a more resilient cooperative localization framework with a negligible impact in terms of the computational workload.
The presence of polluting sites in urban contexts: an analysis of the effects on the dynamics of the residential real estate market
Authors: Tajani Francesco , Morano Pierluigi , Di Liddo Felicia , Anelli Debora , Sica Francesco
Published: December 2023

Introduction

The industrial activity constitutes one of the most driving sectors of a nation, as it is often considered at the center of public debate as the fulcrum of development policies. However, considering the climate impacts generated, many industries have necessarily changed, relocated, and/or interrupted their production. Due to the connection of industrial sites with the socio-economic, environmental, and health systems of cities, the real estate market dynamics can be differently affected by the presence of polluting industrial sites. With reference to the Italian context, the goal of the research is to, firstly, verify whether there is a functional relationship between the presence of polluting industrial sites and the residential real estate market dynamics, for then determining its type and the extent of purchase price affection.

Method

The proposed logical-evaluative model is based on the application of an econometric technique for investigating the significance of the industrial sites on the residential real estate dynamics through a set of technological, locational, and health variables.

Results

The obtained results show that the total surface area of the polluting sites, the activity level and the industrial plant opening date are among the most relevant variables, instead the accessibility to the industrial site does not influence the real estate market dynamics.

Discussion and practical implications

The main practical implication of the present research consists of the possibility to provide a support for the activation of strategies aimed at adopting sustainable development models in the industrial sector.
The high energy X-ray probe (HEX-P): Galactic PeVatrons, star clusters, superbubbles, microquasar jets, and gamma-ray binaries
Authors: Mori Kaya , Reynolds Stephen , An Hongjun , Bamba Aya , Krivonos Roman , Tsuji Naomi , Abdelmaguid Moaz , Alford Jason , Bangale Priyadarshini , Celli Silvia , Diesing Rebecca , Eagle Jordan , Fryer Chris L. , Gabici Stefano , Gelfand Joseph , Grefenstette Brian , Garcia Javier , Kim Chanho , Kumar Sajan , Kuznetsova Ekaterina , Mac Intyre Brydyn , Madsen Kristin , Manconi Silvia , Motogami Yugo , Ohsumi Hayato , Olmi Barbara , Park Jaegeun , Ponti Gabriele , Sato Toshiki , Shang Ruo-Yu , Stern Daniel , Terada Yukikatsu , Woo Jooyun , Younes George , Zoglauer Andreas
Published: December 2023

HEX-P is a probe-class mission concept that will combine high spatial resolution X-ray imaging (<10″FWHM) and broad spectral coverage (0.2–80 keV) with an effective area far superior to current facilities (including XMM-Newton and NuSTAR) to enable revolutionary new insights into a variety of important astrophysical problems. With the recent discoveries of over 40 ultra-high-energy gamma-ray sources (detected above 100 TeV) and neutrino emission in the Galactic Plane, we have entered a new era of multi-messenger astrophysics facing the exciting reality of Galactic PeVatrons. In the next decade, as more Galactic PeVatrons and TeV gamma-ray sources are expected to be discovered, the identification of their acceleration and emission mechanisms will be the most pressing issue in both particle and high-energy astrophysics. In this paper, along with its companion papers, we will present that HEX-P is uniquely suited to address important problems in various cosmic-ray accelerators, including Galactic PeVatrons, through investigating synchrotron X-ray emission of TeV–PeV electrons produced by both leptonic and hadronic processes. For Galactic PeVatron candidates and other TeV gamma-ray sources, HEX-P can fill in a large gap in the spectral-energy distributions (SEDs) of many objects observed in radio, soft X-rays, and gamma rays, constraining the maximum energies to which electrons can be accelerated, with implications for the nature of the Galactic PeVatrons and their contributions to the spectrum of Galactic cosmic rays beyond the knee at∼3PeV. In particular, X-ray observation with HEX-P and TeV observation with CTAO will provide the most powerful multi-messenger diagnostics to identify Galactic PeVatrons and explore a variety of astrophysical shock mechanisms. We present simulations of each class of Galactic TeV–PeV sources, demonstrating the power of both the imaging and spectral capabilities of HEX-P to advance our knowledge of Galactic cosmic-ray accelerators. In addition, we discuss HEX-P’s unique and complementary roles to upcoming gamma-ray and neutrino observatories in the 2030s.
Performance indicators in speed climbing: insights from the literature supplemented by a video analysis and expert interviews
Authors: Askari Hosseini Somayeh , Wolf Peter
Published: December 2023

Due to the goal of mastering a standardised route with relatively large handholds as quickly as possible, the weighting of performance-determining factors might be different in speed climbing in comparison to lead climbing or bouldering. The objective of this paper was to identify physical and tactical factors for peak performance in speed climbing. Therefore, not only existing literature was reviewed but also a video analysis of the final round of speed climbing at the Olympic games and interviews with experts were done. Out of two hundred and one articles initially found by searching in Medline, Elsevier and Google Scholar databases, 38 were ultimately considered. Generally, an increased lower limb power, a small body mass index, an improved anaerobic glycogen system, and a high fluency in movements were identified as characteristics for high-speed climbing performance. Based on video analysis of Olympic games, coordinated motions, correct foot movements and shorter reaction time could take a novice speed climber to an elite level. Furthermore, male climbers should avoid pairing hands on holds. Considering the increasing popularity, the continued improvement of the record time in this discipline, and the currently limited amount of relevant literature should stimulate future studies on performance-determining variables, assessments, and training methods to maintain the attractiveness of speed climbing.
Syntrophy between bacteria and archaea enhances methane production in an EGSB bioreactor fed by cheese whey wastewater
Authors: Domínguez-Espinosa María Emperatriz , Cruz-Salomón Abumalé , Ramírez de León José Alberto , Hernández-Méndez Jesús Mauricio Ernesto , Santiago-Martínez Michel Geovanni
Published: December 2023

The cheese-making process generates large amounts of cheese whey wastewater (CWW), which is abundant in nutrients but difficult to dispose of, contributing to the eutrophication of natural environments due to inadequate waste management. Here we show the anaerobic digestion of CCW by syntrophy between bacteria and archaea in an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) bioreactor as a low-cost alternative for bioremediation and biofuel production. The performance of the EGSB bioreactor and the composition of the natural microbial community were evaluated. During the operation of the EGSB bioreactor, physicochemical parameters such as alkalinity ratio (0.25), pH (7.5), and temperature (26°C) were attained and maintained, as well as light- and oxygen-free conditions, which favored the metabolism of oxygen-sensitive bacteria and methane-producing archaea (methanogens). Under these conditions, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate was highly efficient (> 89%). Methane (CH4) was produced from organic matter degradation by a few methanogens, mainly from Methanosaeta spp., and was enhanced by the metabolic interaction between bacteria and archaea. The biochemical methane potential (BMP) was >335 mL CH4/gCOD, indicating that the syntrophic microbial community is very efficient in removing organic matter and CH4 produced from CWW. Our results suggest that CWW could be treated in EGSB bioreactors and used as a sustainable alternative to CH4 production and also provide insights for the design of synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) for bioremediation, biogas production, and other biotechnological processes.
Case Report: Recurrent pediatric cavernous malformation of the trigeminal nerve
Authors: Harty Mikhail , Baqai Muhammad Waqas Saeed , Sajjad Jahangir , Fellows Greg , Clamp Philip J. , Abhinav Kumar
Published: December 2023

Background

Most cavernous malformations (CM) usually involve the parenchyma and rarely occur in cranial nerves. Recurrence of CM associated with cranial nerves after surgical resection has not been previously reported.

Case description

This paper describes the case of an 11-year-old girl who presented with left otalgia and headache because of a left trigeminal cavernous malformation. She underwent radical resection via a left retrosigmoid approach while sparing the trigeminal nerve. Surveillance imaging at 18 months demonstrated recurrence along the length of the trigeminal nerve into Meckel's cave with significant extension into the middle cerebellar peduncle. Subsequent re-operation via an extended middle fossa approach with anterior petrosectomy enabled complete resection with division of the trigeminal nerve. Postoperatively, she had a transient left facial paresis, and right hemiparesis that resolved within 48 h.

Conclusion

This case highlights the importance of close postoperative surveillance in CM associated with cranial nerves as recurrence after nerve-sparing resection is possible. Surgical treatment due to the morphology of significant recurrence required the use of a complex skull base approach through a new corridor to achieve optimal clinical outcome.
Public Attitudes Towards Vaccine Passports in Alberta During the “Pandemic of the Unvaccinated”: A Qualitative Analysis of Reddit Posts
Authors: Rotolo Bobbi , Bin Noon Gaya , Chen Helen Hong , Butt Zahid Ahmad
Published: December 2023

Objective: The goal of this study is to understand the attitudes and beliefs towards mandatory vaccination policies in Alberta, Canada in September 2021, during the fourth wave of COVID-19.

Methods: 9400 posts between 1st September and 30th September 2021 were collected from the subreddit r/Alberta with Pushshift.io. Posts and comments were manually screened to determine their relevance to research objectives, and then coded using inductive coding and iterative qualitative analysis methods.

Results: Inductive coding methods yielded five key themes: 1) opinions related to autonomy and consent, 2) concerns about COVID-19 vaccine passport enforcement, 3) concerns about government, 4) concerns about the logistics of passports, and 5) opinions relating to the necessity of passports to prevent lockdowns.

Conclusion: Overall, the data presented favorable opinions towards an Albertan vaccine passport within r/Alberta. Anti-vaccine and anti-mandate opinions were often less extreme than those present in the literature, although this may be due to r/Alberta subreddit moderators removing those more extreme comments. Most reservations were due to issues of bodily autonomy, though concerns about the government and logistics also played a meaningful role.
EIT Ambivium, Linea Semilunaris, and Fulcrum Abdominalis
Authors: Vierstraete Maaike , Pereira Rodriguez Jose Antonio , Renard Yohann , Muysoms Filip
Published: December 2023

Building upon the recent advancements in posterior component separation techniques for complex abdominal wall hernia repair, highlights the critical importance of a thorough understanding of the abdominal wall anatomy. To address anatomical concepts with a pivotal role in hernia repair, we propose two new terminologies: “EIT Ambivium” referring to the lateral border of the rectus sheath, and “Fulcrum Abdominalis” demarcating the point where the Linea Arcuata intersects with the EIT Ambivium.
Adjuvant Pluronic F68 Is Compatible with a Plant Root-Colonizing Probiotic, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6
Authors: Streeter Amanda R. , Cartwright Anthony , Zargaran Mohammad , Wankhade Anagha , Anderson Anne J. , Britt David W.
Published: December 2023

Plant probiotic bacteria are being increasingly used to maximize both the productivity and quality of field crops. Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 (PcO6) is a plant root colonizer with probiotic activities. This bacterium produces an array of metabolites, including a group of phenazines that are functional in plant protection. The paper reports responses of PcO6 to a nonionic triblock copolymer surfactant, Pluronic F68. This Pluronic exhibits membrane “healing” activity and improves cryopreservation recovery in eukaryotic cells. The product is FDA-approved and is applied as an adjuvant in formulations used in agriculture, medicine, and biotechnology. Growth of PcO6 on lysogeny broth at 25 °C was unhindered by 0.1 and 1.0 g/L F68, reduced at 10 g/L, and with significant inhibition at 100 g/L F68; micelle formation could account for inhibited growth at higher doses. Phenazine production was not changed by F68, whereas the surfactant activity of F68 induced the spread of bacterial colonization on 0.5% agar. Exposure of cells to fluorescein-labeled F68 resulted in intense fluorescence, stable to washing, showing a direct association of the Pluronic with the bacterium. However, neither protection nor harm was found for PcO6 cells suspended in either 0.1% or 1% F68 after three freeze (−20 °C)/thaw cycles. These findings suggest that F68 could be compatible for use in agricultural formulations with little effect on probiotics such as PcO6.
Phytotoxicity Removal Technologies for Agricultural Waste as a Growing Media Component: A Review
Authors: Cui Wenzhong , Bai Qi , Liu Juncheng , Chen Jing , Qi Zhiyong , Zhou Wanlai
Published: December 2023

In response to the challenge of resource recycling, this review investigates the removal of phytotoxicity from agricultural waste for its application as a growing media component. Agricultural waste typically exhibits high phytotoxicity due to the presence of substances such as phenols, organic acids, ammonia, nitrogen, and heavy metals. These substances hinder seed germination and plant growth, posing a significant barrier to the use of agricultural waste as a growing media component. Thus, it is imperative to mitigate or eliminate phytotoxicity before effectively utilizing agricultural waste. This review rigorously analyzes an extensive array of recent studies, scrutinizing diverse technologies for the mitigation of phytotoxicity in agricultural wastes. The methods investigated include the four most common methods—composting, heat treatment, washing, and aging, and a recently introduced method, ammonium incubation. Each method was assessed considering its underlying principles, effects in application, and respective advantages and disadvantages. This review suggests that successful phytotoxicity mitigation in agricultural waste hinges on reducing the content or activity of phytotoxic substances. Moreover, this study emphasizes that future phytotoxicity mitigation efforts should aim for economic efficiency while maximizing the preservation of the original material volume and weight. This study offers insightful guidance for technical professionals aiming to mitigate the phytotoxicity of agricultural waste, thereby fostering sustainable agricultural practices.
Data Science in Finance: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Zheng Xianrong , Gildea Elizabeth , Chai Sheng , Zhang Tongxiao , Wang Shuxi
Published: December 2023

Data science has become increasingly popular due to emerging technologies, including generative AI, big data, deep learning, etc. It can provide insights from data that are hard to determine from a human perspective. Data science in finance helps to provide more personal and safer experiences for customers and develop cutting-edge solutions for a company. This paper surveys the challenges and opportunities in applying data science to finance. It provides a state-of-the-art review of financial technologies, algorithmic trading, and fraud detection. Also, the paper identifies two research topics. One is how to use generative AI in algorithmic trading. The other is how to apply it to fraud detection. Last but not least, the paper discusses the challenges posed by generative AI, such as the ethical considerations, potential biases, and data security.
Fit Accuracy of Cobalt–Chromium and Polyether Ether Ketone Prosthetic Frameworks Produced Using Digital Techniques: In Vitro Pilot Study
Authors: Barbosa Lara , Figueiral Maria Helena , Neves Cristina Bettencourt , Malheiro Rodrigo , Sampaio-Fernandes Manuel António , Oliveira Susana João , Sampaio-Fernandes Maria Margarida
Published: December 2023

This pilot study aimed to compare the fit accuracy of cobalt–chromium (Co-Cr) and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) removable partial denture frameworks, produced by digital technologies. Two study models of previously prepared Kennedy’s Class I and Class III mandibular dental arches were scanned. For each model, two frameworks were digitally designed and manufactured using a Co-Cr alloy via the selective laser melting (SLM) technique, and using PEEK via the milling technique. A qualitative assessment of the framework’s fit accuracy to the corresponding study models was carried out using calibrated endodontic instruments and image amplification. Best-fit superimpositions between the reference design and the scanned frameworks were performed using the Geomagic Control X version 2018, 3D Systems software, allowing the expression of trueness by calculating the root mean square (RMS) value. Higher fit accuracy was observed for the milled frameworks, with the Class I PEEK framework showing the best fit accuracy to the corresponding model. RMS values were Class I—148.3 μm for Co-Cr and 69.2 μm for PEEK; Class III—107.2 μm for Co-Cr and 59.7 μm for PEEK. In the experimental conditions used, the milled PEEK frameworks showed better fit accuracy and higher trueness than the SLM-printed Co-Cr ones in both Kennedy classes.
Project Management Efficiency Measurement with Data Envelopment Analysis: A Case in a Petrochemical Company
Authors: Coelho Marilia Botelho , Lacerda Daniel Pacheco , Piran Fábio Antonio Sartori , Silva Débora Oliveira da , Sellitto Miguel Afonso
Published: December 2023

The research question this study poses is how to measure the efficiency of project management activities. The purpose of this article is to quantify the efficiency of the execution of a project portfolio managed by a project management office (PMO) structure. The research subject is a PMO operating within a petrochemical manufacturing company in southern Brazil. The research method is quantitative modeling. The study employed data envelopment analysis (DEA) to calculate the relative efficiencies of projects in three classes according to complexity over a period of four years. Each project is a decision-making unit (DMU), as required by the DEA procedure. One novelty is the calculation of cost- and time-weighted efficiency values, which slightly differ from the average. The main results indicate that the average efficiency for classes of projects roughly stands between 40 and 80%. The results also indicate a learning process guided by the PMO, as the average efficiency increased over three years in two classes of projects, according to the prioritization imposed by the office. The study also pointed out that the most influential variables in determining project efficiency are accuracy in meeting deadlines and the time planned for completion. The most important implication is that, from now on, the company has a theoretical foundation to justify focusing further efforts on reducing and controlling time to completion, not only cost and scope conformity, to increase overall project efficiency. Future research should prioritize investigating management techniques that increase the likelihood of completing projects within their deadlines.
Metabolomic Profiling of the Secretome from Human Neural Stem Cells Flown into Space
Authors: Biancotti Juan Carlos , Espinosa-Jeffrey Araceli
Published: December 2023

The change in gravitational force has a significant effect on biological tissues and the entire organism. As with any alteration in the environment, microgravity (µG) produces modifications in the system inducing adaptation to the new condition. In this study, we analyzed the effect of µG on neural stem cells (NSCs) following a space flight to the International Space Station (ISS). After 3 days in space, analysis of the metabolome in culture medium revealed increased glycolysis with augmented pyruvate and glycerate levels, and activated catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and glutamine. NSCs flown into space (SPC-NSCs) also showed increased synthesis of NADH and formation of polyamine spermidine when compared to ground controls (GC-NSCs). Overall, the space environment appears to increase energy demands in response to the µG setting.
SGLT2 Inhibitor Canagliflozin Alleviates High Glucose-Induced Inflammatory Toxicity in BV-2 Microglia
Authors: Lee Ching-Tien , Lin Kun-Der , Hsieh Cheng-Fang , Wang Jiz-Yuh
Published: December 2023

Patients with diabetes mellitus can experience hyperglycemia, which affects brain function and produces cognitive impairment or neurodegeneration. Neuroinflammation is an important cause of cognitive dysfunction. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are antihyperglycemic agents that reportedly possess anti-inflammatory properties and may produce beneficial cognitive effects. We hypothesized that SGLT2 inhibitors alleviate hyperglycemia-related inflammation in brain immune cells. Cultured BV-2 microglia were exposed to high glucose (HG) in the absence or presence of SGLT2 inhibitors including canagliflozin (Cana), dapagliflozin (Dapa), empagliflozin (Empa), and ertugliflozin (Ertu). Afterward, we evaluated the cytotoxic and inflammatory responses by specific biochemical assays. Treatments with non-toxic Cana or Dapa, but not Empa or Ertu, inhibited proliferation without cell death. Only Cana rescued BV-2 microglia from HG-induced cytotoxicity, including apoptosis or autophagic degradation. None of SGLT2 inhibitors affected the HG-stimulated induction of stress proteins HO-1 and HSP70. Also, compared to the other three SGLT2 inhibitors, Cana was better at inhibiting HG-induced oxidative/inflammatory stress, as evidenced by its ability to repress proinflammatory factors (e.g., oxygen free radicals, iNOS, NLRP3, IL-1β, and TNF-α) other than COX-2. Cana’s action to alleviate HG insults was mediated not by altering SGLT2 protein expression, but by reducing HG-stimulated signaling activities of NFκB, JNK, p38, and PI3K/Akt pathways. Particularly, Cana imitated the effects of NFκB inhibitor on HG-induced iNOS and COX-2. Of the four SGLT2 inhibitors, Cana provided BV-2 microglia with the best protection against HG-induced inflammatory toxicity. Thus, Cana may help to reduce innate neuroimmune damage caused by hyperglycemia.
Beneficial Effect of Faecal Microbiota Transplantation on Mild, Moderate and Severe Dextran Sodium Sulphate-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in a Pseudo Germ-Free Animal Model
Authors: Lauko Stanislav , Gancarcikova Sona , Hrckova Gabriela , Hajduckova Vanda , Andrejcakova Zuzana , Fecskeova Livia Kolesar , Bertkova Izabela , Hijova Emilia , Kamlarova Anna , Janicko Martin , Ambro Lubos , Kvakova Monika , Gulasova Zuzana , Strojny Ladislav , Strkolcova Gabriela , Mudronova Dagmar , Madar Marian , Demeckova Vlasta , Nemetova Daniela , Pacuta Ivan , Sopkova Drahomira
Published: December 2023

Transplantation of faecal microbiota (FMT) is generally considered a safe therapeutic procedure with few adverse effects. The main factors that limit the spread of the use of FMT therapy for idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are the necessity of minimising the risk of infection and transfer of another disease. Obtaining the animal model of UC (ulcerative colitis) by exposure to DSS (dextran sodium sulphate) depends on many factors that significantly affect the result. Per os intake of DSS with water is individual for each animal and results in the development of a range of various forms of induced UC. For this reason, the aim of our study was to evaluate the modulation and regenerative effects of FMT on the clinical and histopathological responses and the changes in the bowel microenvironment in pseudo germ-free (PGF) mice of the BALB/c line subjected to chemical induction of mild, moderate and serious forms of UC. The goal was to obtain new data related to the safety and effectiveness of FMT that can contribute to its improved and optimised use. The animals with mild and moderate forms of UC subjected to FMT treatment exhibited lower severity of the disease and markedly lower damage to the colon, including reduced clinical and histological disease index and decreased inflammatory response of colon mucosa. However, FMT treatment failed to achieve the expected therapeutic effect in animals with the serious form of UC activity. The results of our study indicated a potential safety risk involving development of bacteraemia and also translocation of non-pathogenic representatives of bowel microbiota associated with FMT treatment of animals with a diagnosed serious form of UC.
Biomimetic Collagen Membranes as Drug Carriers of Geranylgeraniol to Counteract the Effect of Zoledronate
Authors: Manzano-Moreno Francisco Javier , de Luna-Bertos Elvira , Toledano-Osorio Manuel , Urbano-Arroyo Paula , Ruiz Concepción , Toledano Manuel , Osorio Raquel
Published: December 2023

To counteract the effect of zoledronate and decrease the risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) development in patients undergoing guided bone regeneration surgery, the use of geranylgeraniol (GGOH) has been proposed. Collagen membranes may act as biomimetical drug carriers. The objective of this study was to determine the capacity of collagen-based membranes doped with GGOH to revert the negative impact of zoledronate on the growth and differentiation of human osteoblasts. MG-63 cells were cultured on collagen membranes. Two groups were established: (1) undoped membranes and (2) membranes doped with geranylgeraniol. Osteoblasts were cultured with or without zoledronate (50 μM). Cell proliferation was evaluated at 48 h using the MTT colorimetric method. Differentiation was tested by staining mineralization nodules with alizarin red and by gene expression analysis of bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 7, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 7 (BMP-2 and BMP-7), type I collagen (Col-I), osterix (OSX), osteocalcin (OSC), osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor for RANK (RANKL), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2), TGF-β1 and TGF-β receptors (TGF-βR1, TGF-βR2, and TGF-βR3), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with real-time PCR. One-way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis and post hoc Bonferroni tests were applied (p < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations were also performed. Treatment of osteoblasts with 50 μM zoledronate produced a significant decrease in cell proliferation, mineralization capacity, and gene expression of several differentiation markers if compared to the control (p < 0.001). When osteoblasts were treated with zoledronate and cultured on GGOH-doped membranes, these variables were, in general, similar to the control group (p > 0.05). GGOH applied on collagen membranes is able to reverse the negative impact of zoledronate on the proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression of different osteoblasts’ markers.
Manufacturing Carbon Fiber Using Alberta Oilsands Asphaltene with Microwave Plasma Assistance
Authors: Ge Lin , Chandra Sharath , Zafar Talha , Park Simon S.
Published: December 2023

The considerable expenses associated with carbon fiber (CF) production have imposed limitations on its widespread application across diverse industries, primarily due to the costs of precursor materials and energy−intensive post−treatment procedures. This research explores the potential utilization of Alberta oilsands asphaltenes (AOAs), a carbon−rich by−product derived from oilsands extraction, as a more cost−effective precursor for CF production. Polystyrene and poly(styrene–butadiene–styrene) were also used as polymer additives. In addition to conventional thermal post−treatment, microwave plasma was employed for the carbonization process. The CFs generated through this approach were subjected to a comprehensive analysis involving SEM, FTIR, TGA, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. The best tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the AOA carbon fibers when using conventional thermal post−treatment were 600 MPa and 70 GPa, respectively. The microwave plasma process indicates the higher temperature and promise of eliminating heteroatoms of AOA carbon fibers. The temperature for microwave plasma modelling was set using COMSOLTM, with the modelling temperature and detection temperature being established at 1600 K and 1568 K, respectively.
Design and Optimization of the Internal Geometry of a Nozzle for a Thin-Slab Continuous Casting Mold
Authors: Chiwo Fernando S. , Susunaga-Notario Ana del Carmen , Betancourt-Cantera José Antonio , Pérez-Bustamante Raúl , Mercado-Lemus Víctor Hugo , Méndez-Lozoya Javier , Barrera-Cardiel Gerardo , García-Herrera John Edison , Arcos-Gutiérrez Hugo , Garduño Isaías E.
Published: December 2023

Understanding the phenomena that cause jet oscillations inside funnel-type thin-slab molds is essential for ensuring continuous liquid steel delivery, improving flow pattern control, and increasing plant productivity and the quality of the final product. This research aims to study the effect of the nozzle’s internal design on the fluid dynamics of the nozzle-mold system, focusing on suppressing vorticity generation below the nozzle’s tip. The optimized design of the nozzle forms the basis of the results obtained through numerical simulation. Mathematical modeling involves fundamental equations, the Reynolds Stress Model for turbulence, and the Multiphase Volume of Fluid model. The governing equations are discretized and solved using the implicit iterative-segregated method implemented in FLUENT®. The main results demonstrate the possibility of controlling jet oscillations even at high casting speeds and deep dives. The proposed modification in the internal geometry of the nozzle is considered capable of modifying the flow pattern inside the mold. The geometric changes correspond with 106% more elongation than the original nozzle; the change is considered 17% of an inverted trapezoidal shape. Furthermore, there was a 2.5 mm increase in the lower part of both ports to compensate for the inverted trapezoidal shape. The newly designed SEN successfully eliminated the issue of jet oscillations inside the mold by effectively preventing the intertwining of the flow. This improvement is a significant upgrade over the original design. At the microscale, a delicate force balance occurs at the tip of the nozzle’s internal bifurcation, which is influenced by fluctuating speeds and ferrostatic pressure. Disrupting this force balance leads to increased oscillations, causing variations in the mass flow rate from one port to another. Consequently, the proposed nozzle optimization design effectively controls microscale fluctuations above this zone in conjunction with changes in flow speed, jet oscillation, and metal–slag interface instability.
Model Identification of E. coli Cultivation Process Applying Hybrid Crow Search Algorithm
Authors: Roeva Olympia , Zoteva Dafina
Published: December 2023

Cultivation process (CP) modeling and optimization are ambitious tasks due to the nonlinear nature of the models and interdependent parameters. The identification procedures for such models are challenging. Metaheuristic algorithms exhibit promising performance for such complex problems since a near-optimal solution can be found in an acceptable time. The present research explores a new hybrid metaheuristic algorithm built upon the good exploration of the genetic algorithm (GA) and the exploitation of the crow search algorithm (CSA). The efficiency of the proposed GA-CSA hybrid is studied with the model parameter identification procedure of the E. coli BL21(DE3)pPhyt109 fed-batch cultivation process. The results are compared with those of the pure GA and pure CSA applied to the same problem. A comparison with two deterministic algorithms, i.e., sequential quadratic programming (SQP) and the Quasi-Newton (Q-N) method, is also provided. A more accurate model is obtained by the GA-CSA hybrid with fewer computational resources. Although SQP and Q-N find a solution for a smaller number of function evaluations, the resulting models are not as accurate as the models generated by the three metaheuristic algorithms. The InterCriteria analysis, a mathematical approach to revealing certain relations between given criteria, and a series of statistical tests are employed to prove that there is a statistically significant difference between the results of the three stochastic algorithms. The obtained mathematical models are then successfully verified with a different set of experimental data, in which, again, the closest one is the GA-CSA model. The GA-CSA hybrid proposed in this paper is proven to be successful in the collaborative hybridization of GA and CSA with outstanding performance.
The Bacillus velezensis CYS06 Strain Exhibits Promising Applications in Fighting Grass Carp Bacterial Diseases
Authors: Liu Lijuan , Jiang Dongdong , Ren Yan , Shi Cunbin , Wang Yajun , Yin Jiyuan , Wang Qing , Zhang Defeng
Published: December 2023

Aeromonas septicemia and columnaris disease are major bacterial diseases in grass carp; however, the drugs currently used to control these diseases pose environmental and health risks. This study aimed to screen for a probiotic Bacillus strain with antagonistic activity to prevent and control bacterial diseases in grass carp and to evaluate the antimicrobial activities, biosafety, and biocontrol effects of this strain. A Bacillus strain with antagonistic activity against Aeromonas hydrophila, obtained from grass carp intestines, was screened, and the isolate CYS06 was identified by analyzing the 16S rRNA and gyrA gene sequences. The antimicrobial spectrum of the strain CYS06 was determined, and the activities of amylase, cellulase, protease, and lipase of the strain CYS06 were determined. The whole genome of the strain CYS06 was sequenced using the nanopore sequencing technology platform, followed by the analysis of the antagonistic substance synthesis gene clusters and CAZy enzyme gene families. The biosafety of the strain CYS06 was evaluated via intraperitoneal injection into healthy grass carp. After the strain CYS06 was fed to the grass carp, its biological control effect on this fish was evaluated through artificial infection experiments. The strain CYS06 was identified as Bacillus velezensis, based on molecular identification, which shows broad antimicrobial activity against various fish pathogens. The strain CYS06 secretes amylase, cellulase, protease, and lipase. The genome size of the strain CYS06 is 3,914,159 bp, and it contains eight antagonistic substance synthesis gene clusters and many CAZy enzymes. The strain CYS06 exhibits high biological safety for grass carp, based on the challenge test. Feeding grass carp with the strain CYS06 for 4 weeks significantly enhanced the resistance of the fish to A. hydrophila. Strain CYS06 could inhibit the growth of Flavobacterium columnare under co-culture and reduce the amount of F. columnare adherence on the gills of grass carp, indicating that CYS06 has good potential for the prevention and control of columnaris disease. In conclusion, we isolated an antagonistic probiotic strain, CYS06, which exhibits a biological control effect on septicemia and columnaris disease caused by Aeromonas spp. and F. columnare in grass carp, respectively. This strain contains many antagonistic substance synthesis-related gene clusters and holds the potential to degrade various types of carbohydrates. As a biological control agent, the strain CYS06 exhibits significant potential for the prevention and control of bacterial diseases in grass carp.
Enhancement of γ-Aminobutyric Acid and the Characteristics of Nutrition and Function in White Quinoa through Ultrasound Stress at the Pre-Germination Stage
Authors: Wu Mengying , Zhou Qian , Zhou Liangfu , Wang Jie , Ren Ting , Zheng Yu , Lv Wei , Zhao Wen
Published: December 2023

The global production of quinoa has been increasing in recent years. In plant-based foods, ultrasound stress has received increasing attention, owing to its ability to enhance the production of primary and secondary metabolites. We studied the effects of ultrasonic stress at the pre-germination stage on the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation and characteristics of nutrition and function in quinoa. The results showed that ultrasonic conditions of 100 W for 4 min promoted an increase in GABA content by 9.15-fold, to 162.47 ± 6.69 mg/100 g·DW, compared to that of untreated quinoa, through promoting a 10.2% and 71.9% increase in the water absorption and glutamate decarboxylase activity of quinoa, respectively. Meanwhile, compared to untreated quinoa, ultrasonic stress at the pre-germination stage enhanced the total phenolic, total flavonoid, and total saponin contents of quinoa by 10.2%, 33.6%, and 90.7%, to 3.29 mg GA/g·DW, 104.0 mg RE/100 g·DW, and 7.13 mg/g, respectively, without decreasing its basic nutritional quality. Ultrasonic stress caused fissures on the surface of quinoa starch particles. Additionally, germination under ultrasonic stress increased the n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by 14.4%. Furthermore, ultrasonic stress at the pre-germination stage promoted the scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl1-picrylhydrazyl radicals and inhibitions of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase by 14.4%, 14.9%, 24.6%, and 20.0% in vitro, compared to untreated quinoa. The results indicated that the quinoa sprouted via ultrasonic stress could represent a promising method through which to develop nutritionally balanced whole grains rich in GABA, with hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities, which could provide theoretical support for the development of functional whole-grain foods based on quinoa.
Ulam-Type Stability Results for Variable Order Ψ-Tempered Caputo Fractional Differential Equations
Authors: O’Regan Donal , Hristova Snezhana , Agarwal Ravi P.
Published: December 2023

An initial value problem for nonlinear fractional differential equations with a tempered Caputo fractional derivative of variable order with respect to another function is studied. The absence of semigroup properties of the considered variable order fractional derivative leads to difficulties in the study of the existence of corresponding differential equations. In this paper, we introduce approximate piecewise constant approximation of the variable order of the considered fractional derivative and approximate solutions of the given initial value problem. Then, we investigate the existence and the Ulam-type stability of the approximate solution of the variable order Ψ-tempered Caputo fractional differential equation. As a partial case of our results, we obtain results for Ulam-type stability for differential equations with a piecewise constant order of the Ψ-tempered Caputo fractional derivative.
On q-Hermite–Hadamard Type Inequalities via s-Convexity and (α,m)-Convexity
Authors: Ciurdariu Loredana , Grecu Eugenia
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the paper is to present new q-parametrized Hermite–Hadamard-like type integral inequalities for functions whose third quantum derivatives in absolute values are s-convex and (α,m)-convex, respectively. Two new q-integral identities are presented for three time q-differentiable functions. These lemmas are used like basic elements in our proofs, along with several important tools like q-power mean inequality, and q-Holder’s inequality. In a special case, a non-trivial example is considered for a specific parameter and this case illustrates the investigated results. We make links between these findings and several previous discoveries from the literature.
European Option Pricing under Sub-Fractional Brownian Motion Regime in Discrete Time
Authors: Guo Zhidong , Liu Yang , Dai Linsong
Published: December 2023

In this paper, the approximate stationarity of the second-order moment increments of the sub-fractional Brownian motion is given. Based on this, the pricing model for European options under the sub-fractional Brownian regime in discrete time is established. Pricing formulas for European options are given under the delta and mixed hedging strategies, respectively. Furthermore, European call option pricing under delta hedging is shown to be larger than under mixed hedging. The hedging error ratio of mixed hedging is shown to be smaller than that of delta hedging via numerical experiments.
Exploring the Role of Calcium in the Physiology of Tulipa: A Comparative Study across Different Cultivars
Authors: Inkham Chaiartid , Wichapeng Weerasak , Panjama Kanokwan , Ruamrungsri Soraya
Published: December 2023

Cut tulip flower production, typically cultivated using hydroponic systems, often faces the challenge of stem toppling due to calcium (Ca) deficiency in the nutrient solution. Growers generally grow various tulip cultivars to meet market demands. In hydroponic production, plants require precise nutrient concentrations to promote growth and development, as the food reserves in the mother bulb are insufficient and vary depending on the plant cultivar. This study aimed to assess the impact of different tulip cultivars and Ca deficiency on tulip growth, flowering, and physiological changes. Two cultivars of tulip, namely, ‘Strong Gold’ and ‘Orange Juice’, were subjected to three distinct nutrient solution treatments, namely (1) deionized water (DI) only (without any plant nutrition added), (2) complete solution (Hoagland’s complete nutrient solution), and (3) Ca deficiency solution. The results indicate that the ‘Orange Juice’ tulip was particularly susceptible to Ca deficiency, exhibiting stem toppling and flower abortion similar to those grown in DI. Ca deficiency led to a reduction in root length and leaf area but did not affect the plant height. Additionally, it had a negative impact on bulb qualities, resulting in a decreased bulb fresh weight and bulb circumference in both tulip cultivars. Furthermore, Ca deficiency and DI reduced the photosynthetic rates, and Ca deficiency increased the transpiration rate in the tulip. The leaf concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and Ca were decreased under Ca deficiency and DI, while magnesium (Mg) levels increased under Ca deficiency treatment compared to the complete nutrient solution treatment.
Internal or External Training Load Metrics: Which Is Best for Tracking Autonomic Nervous System Recovery and Function in Collegiate American Football?
Authors: Renaghan Eric , Wittels Harrison L. , Wittels S. Howard , Wishon Michael Joseph , Hecocks Dustin , Wittels Eva D. , Hendricks Stephanie , Girardi Joe , Lee Stephen J. , McDonald Samantha M. , Feigenbaum Luis A.
Published: December 2023

Sport coaches increasingly rely on external load metrics for designing effective training programs. However, their accuracy in estimating internal load is inconsistent, and their ability to predict autonomic nervous system (ANS) deterioration is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the relationships between internal and external training load metrics and ANS recovery and function in college football players. Football athletes were recruited from a D1 college in the southeastern US and prospectively followed for 27 weeks. Internal load was estimated via exercise cardiac load (ECL; average training heartrate (HR) × session duration) and measured with an armband monitor equipped with electrocardiographic capabilities (Warfighter MonitorTM (WFM), Tiger Tech Solutions, Miami, FL, USA). External load was estimated via the summation and rate of acceleration and decelerations as measured by a triaxial accelerometer using the WFM and an accelerometer-based (ACCEL) device (Catapult Player Load, Catapult Sports, Melbourne, Australia) worn on the mid-upper back. Baseline HR, HR variability (HRV) and HR recovery served as the indicators for ANS recovery and function, respectively. For HRV, two, time-domain metrics were measured: the standard deviation of the NN interval (SDNN) and root mean square of the standard deviation of the NN interval (rMSSD). Linear regression models evaluated the associations between ECL, ACCEL, and the indicators of ANS recovery and function acutely (24 h) and cumulatively (one- and two-week). Athletes (n = 71) were male and, on average, 21.3 ± 1.4 years of age. Acute ECL elicited stronger associations for 24 h baseline HR (R2 0.19 vs. 0.03), HR recovery (R2 0.38 vs. 0.07), SDNN (R2 0.19 vs. 0.02) and rMSSD (R2 0.19 vs. 0.02) compared to ACCEL. Similar results were found for one-week: 24 h baseline HR (R2 0.48 vs. 0.05), HR recovery (R2 0.55 vs. 0.05), SDNN (R2 0.47 vs. 0.05) and rMSSD (R2 0.47 vs. 0.05) and two-week cumulative exposures: 24 h baseline HR (R2 0.52 vs. 0.003), HR recovery (R2 0.57 vs. 0.05), SDNN (R2 0.52 vs. 0.003) and rMSSD (R2 0.52 vs. 0.002). Lastly, the ACCEL devices weakly correlated with ECL (rho = 0.47 and 0.43, p < 0.005). Our findings demonstrate that ACCEL poorly predicted ANS deterioration and underestimated internal training load. ACCEL devices may “miss” the finite window for preventing ANS deterioration by potentially misestimating training loads acutely and cumulatively.
Morphological and Phylogenetic Analyses Reveal Three New Species of Phyllosticta (Botryosphaeriales, Phyllostictaceae) in China
Authors: Jiang Yang , Zhang Zhaoxue , Zhang Jie , Wang Shi , Zhang Xiuguo
Published: December 2023

The genus Phyllosticta has been reported worldwide and contains many pathogenic and endophytic species isolated from a wide range of plant hosts. A multipoint phylogeny based on gene coding combinatorial data sets for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit of ribosomal RNA (LSU rDNA), translation elongation factor 1α (TEF1α), actin (ACT), and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), combined with morphological characteristics, was performed. We describe three new species, P. fujianensis sp. nov., P. saprophytica sp. nov., and P. turpiniae sp. nov., and annotate and discusse their similarities and differences in morphological relationships and phylogenetic phases with closely related species.