bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sequência didática: aplicação remota de conceitos químicos no ensino médio para uma discente surda
Authors: Oliveira Lucas Rodrigues de , Lopes Bruno Galdino , Ferreira José Leonardo Alves , Figueirêdo Alessandra Marcone Tavares Alves de
Published: April 2022

No cenário epidemiológico atual ao qual o Brasil está passando, com o surto do novo Coronavírus ocasionado pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 – Covid-19, medidas foram tomadas para manter o distanciamento social e inibir o aumento do contágio e número de mortes. Por conseguinte, diversas atividades essenciais foram afetadas, havendo a necessidade da adaptação desses serviços. Diante dessa perspectiva, a presente pesquisa buscou fomentar metodologias no ensino de Química para alunos surdos, utilizando ferramentas remotas e instrumentos que proporcionassem uma fácil aquisição dos conceitos, como o uso de experimentos e das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação Digitais (TICDs). Dessa forma, o estudo foi realizado na Escola Estadual Cidadã Integrada Técnica lza de Almeida Ribeiro, situada na cidade do Conde-Paraíba, no qual contou com a participação de três docentes externos de Química, da professora interna de Química, de uma aluna surda e uma intérprete de LIBRAS. A metodologia utilizada se baseou nas abordagens qualitativa e participante. Para o desenvolvimento das atividades, foram realizados encontros remotos, via Google Meet. Nesse contexto, foi executada a experimentação, objetivando aproximar a aluna da ciência Química, uma vez que é inegável que por meio de experimentos os alunos desenvolvem melhor competências e habilidades. Conforme os resultados satisfatórios, observou-se que a presença da prática experimental se faz necessária no cotidiano estudantil, pois é uma característica essencial do ensino de Química.
A propulsão do teleatendimento no cuidado paliativo oncológico domiciliar durante a pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Silva Vanessa Gomes da , Telles Audrei Castro , Guimarães Nathália de Paula Albuquerque , Souza Flávia Navi de , Campo Lívia Lírio , Bittencourt Nair Caroline Cavalcanti de Mendonça , Nigri Regina Bokehi , Souza Maria das Graças Gazel de
Published: April 2022

Objetivo: descrever a experiência de um serviço de assistência domiciliar, para garantir a continuidade da assistência a pacientes em cuidados paliativos oncológicos exclusivos, durante a pandemia. Metodologia: estudo qualitativo, descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência. Teve como cenário um Hospital Federal, localizado no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Desenvolvimento: durante a pandemia da COVID-19, foram desenvolvidas estratégias de aprimoramento do teleatendimento em saúde, ferramenta que já era usada no serviço de forma incipiente e que passou a assumir maior importância nas rotinas do serviço. Os caminhos adotados foram direcionados não somente para atender as demandas espontâneas, como também para realizar a busca ativa de pacientes sintomáticos, permitindo a triagem de casos por gravidade. Considerações finais: Embora tenham sido encontrados diversos desafios como a insuficiência de profissionais e carência de aporte tecnológico, dentre outros, um leque de ações foi desenvolvido promovendo o acolhimento e o monitoramento dos pacientes de forma remota e segura. Conclui-se que a incorporação do teleatendimento trouxe contribuições para o atendimento dos pacientes atendidos por este serviço com benefícios que ultrapassam as necessidades do período da pandemia.
Comparativo de incidência de acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico e hemorrágico nos últimos 5 anos
Authors: Bastos João Gabriel Nunes , Duarte Iago Noronha Tavares , Silva André Gonçalves
Published: April 2022

Um acidente vascular cerebral é uma emergência médica que acontece quando o fluxo sanguíneo para o cérebro é interrompido. Sem sangue, suas células cerebrais começam a morrer e isso pode causar sintomas graves, incapacidade duradoura e até mesmo a morte. Nesse contexto a presente pesquisa teve por objetivo realizar um comparativo entre os estados nordestinos a respeito da incidência de acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico e hemorrágico nos últimos 5 anos. Pesquisa realizada no banco de dados DATASUS-Tabnet, utilizando as categorias CID-10 I64 para AVC não especifico e G45 para os AVC isquêmicos, os dados referentes aos estados do nordeste no período de tempo de 2016 a 2020 foram coletados, tabelados e analisados no Excel.Se observou uma distribuição de gênero semelhante em todos os estados, com casos de óbito em pessoa entre 60 e mais de 80 anos. Para o AVC CID-10 I64 o estado da Bahia apresentou um maior quantitativo de mortes, enquanto para a categoria G45 o estado do Ceará foi o que teve maior número de mortes. Quanto as localidades, AVC não específicos foram mais encontrados no estado da Bahia, enquanto os isquêmicos se concentraram principalmente no estado do Ceará.
Diálogo entre COVID-19 e Gripe Espanhola: fake news, negacionismo e tempos obscuros na Ciência
Authors: Alves Thiago Rodrigues de Sá , Lima Valéria da Silva , Dantas Luiz Felipe Santoro , Deccache-Maia Eline
Published: April 2022

Este estudo apresenta discussões sobre uma temática atual que assolou a humanidade a partir do ano 2020 – a pandemia da COVID-19 – levando a óbito milhões de pessoas em todo o planeta. O percurso da pesquisa se deu com o entendimento das causas e sintomas da doença, o contágio e as formas encontradas para diminuí-lo e, na outra ponta, a presença intensa das fake news geradas por movimentos negacionistas que nos aproximou de tendências obscurantistas e tempos incertos, já experimentados em outros momentos históricos. A partir de uma retrospectiva e estudos sobre a Gripe Espanhola foi possível perceber características semelhantes com os da atualidade como o descaso das autoridades competentes, propagação de fake news e negacionismos. Personagens históricos como Carlos Chagas e Oswaldo Cruz foram referências naquela época que deixaram um legado de Ciência que salva vidas por meio da pesquisa e ação social, mas tal legado não foi suficiente para conter a onda anticiência que assistimos. Para entender o movimento, analisamos quatro fake news, disseminadas nas mídias sociais digitais, buscando identificar suas contradições e inverdades à luz da Ciência. Visamos com esse movimento, a valorização dos avanços da pesquisa, da Ciência e a divulgação de caminhos que conduzam à preservação e respeito à vida de todas as pessoas.
Vivência da enfermeira residente na administração de quimioterápicos endovenosos: relato de experiência
Authors: Pereira Caroline do Patrocinio , Nunes Nelson dos Santos , Freitas Vera Lúcia
Published: April 2022

Introdução: O câncer é um dos mais complexos problemas de saúde pública do Brasil, com alto grau de morbidade e mortalidade. Contudo possui métodos terapêuticos eficazes, como a quimioterapia, onde o enfermeiro é atuante nesse processo. Objetivo: Relatar a experiência vivida por uma enfermeira residente, que atuou no setor de oncologia, destacando a administração de quimioterápicos endovenosos. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, elaborado a partir da vivência dessa enfermeira no setor de oncologia da sua unidade de treinamento em serviço. Desenvolvimento: A enfermeira residente teve a oportunidade de desenvolver o conhecimento teórico e prático, de forma a promover um cuidado completo e com qualidade ao paciente oncológico. Conclusão: O estudo foi de grande valia para evidenciar a importância do programa de residência em enfermagem e pode acarretar no desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas a respeito do tema.
(Re)configuring of university extension in the face of COVID-19: the contribution of a postgraduate program
Authors: Franca Wilza Wanessa Melo , Santos Mayara Larissa Melo Ferreira dos , Diniz Emily Gabriele Marques , Silva Adriana Maria da , Nascimento Wheverton Ricardo Correia do , Coelho Luana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso , Silva Hianna Arely Milca Fagundes , Araújo Hallysson Douglas Andrade de , Medeiros Juliana Pinto de , Vieira Jeymesson Raphael Cardoso , Albuquerque Mônica Camelo Pessoa de Azevedo , Aires André de Lima
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused numerous social, health and educational problems. Social media began to contain an excessive amount of information about the new coronavirus, making it difficult for people to find material from reliable sources. Therefore, a space was created to build knowledge and clarify doubts about SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, in addition to developing discussions on educational, technological tools and scientific advances in the search for clarifications and solutions for the confrontation of the current pandemic. The actions were carried out in the virtual space of Instagram, using the lives features, which were broadcast on the @morfotecnologiaufpe profile and took place on Wednesdays at 20 pm and lasting 60 min. The discussions were conducted by mediators, professors from the PPGM-UFPE, and one or two invited experts on each topic addressed. Viewers were able to follow the mediator-guest interaction in real time, in addition to being protagonists of the dialogue through comments and questions. The discussions developed stimulated critical thinking, combating misinformation and valuing science and technology in dealing with health problems. It also corroborates the reorganization of extensionist practices, which are of paramount importance to guarantee the articulation between the university and the community, in the construction of knowledge and in the academic improvement of students and professors. The experience highlighted that the use of social media is an effective tool in health education actions, as it enables accessibility to knowledge through the resources of an Information Technology Platform.
O descarte dos insumos para o tratamento com insulina do paciente com Diabetes Mellitus no Brasil e a importância de programas de educação continuada para a preservação do meio ambiente
Authors: Aguiar Maria Angélica Castro de , Sobral Thalita Ponce , Oliveira Dhiãnah Santini de , Vigário Patrícia dos Santos
Published: April 2022

O tratamento do Diabetes Mellitus (DM) por meio da insulinoterapia leva à produção de resíduos que se não descartados adequadamente podem trazer impactos negativos ao meio ambiente. A presente revisão narrativa tem como objetivo reunir evidências sobre como é feito o descarte dos insumos relacionados ao tratamento do DM usuários de insulina no Brasil, além de discutir a importância dos programas de educação continuada em DM para a orientação dos pacientes. Foram consultadas as bases Google Acadêmico, PubMed e Scielo, tendo como pergunta norteadora “Como é feito o descarte dos insumos relacionados ao tratamento do DM por pacientes que utilizam insulina no Brasil?”. Resultados: Foram incluídos 16 estudos, sendo 43,8% conduzidos na região Sudeste e nenhum na região Norte. O descarte mais frequente dos insumos foi o lixo comum, e na maior parte dos estudos os pacientes relataram não terem sido suficientemente bem orientados sobre como proceder após a utilização dos insumos relacionados ao tratamento. Conclusão: No Brasil, indivíduos com DM insulino dependentes, em sua maioria, fazem o descarte dos insumos relacionados ao tratamento da doença de modo inadequado, trazendo riscos potenciais para o meio ambiente. A baixa oferta de programas de educação em saúde é um fator que contribui para tal fato e, portanto, ações com foco na importância do uso consciente dos insumos, bem como na forma correta de seus descartes é latente. Compreender a importância do bom controle do DM é tão importante quanto à preocupação com o acondicionamento do lixo formado pelos resíduos do tratamento.
The Effect of A Morsel and A Dervısh's Coat Approach to Economic Life
Authors: GÜL Halim
Published: April 2022

Many definitions of Sufism have been made. Sufism is a general attitude towards the world. The Sufi thought “a morsel and a dervish’s coat” concept, keep one of the world's charm, not to represent the world's prisoners. Because there is an excessive ambition against human nature and in the world and its contents. If these emotions and thoughts are not braked, the person starts to behave as if he is going to swallow the world and to exhibit a personality with an avarice. For this reason, al Taha Surah 131 verse, as the essence of the life of the world, the people to test and benefit them to benefit from the goods and sovereignty is not recommended. In Addition, Najim Surah there is an equilibrium with the expression de “there is only work for man”. Here, the Sufis “a morsel and a dervish’s coat” should be analyzed in terms of social justice and economics. The idea of “a morsel and a dervish’s coat” has had an impact on economic life. As mentioned above, this thought is expressed by the Sufis. As some economists claim, the society formed by individuals who have this idea is economically backward and unable to progress? In order to determine this, we need to look at the economic life of the Ottomans and the Seljuks, where Sufism is the most common in social life. In addition, the purpose of bringing this idea to the person in Sufi education should be revealed. Therefore, in our study, what does it mean for “a morsel and a dervish’s coat” in Sufism? How does this sense of life cause emotions and thoughts in individuals, how does it affect social justice and economic life? etc. the issues will be explained.
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR PADA MATERI HUKUM GRAVITASI NEWTON BERBASIS INTEGRASI ISLAM – SAINS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP KELAS X SMA/MA
Authors: Harahap Evy Safitri , Anas Muhammad , Aba La
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan Bahan Ajar Fisika dengan integrasi islam sains materi hukum gravitasi newton yang layak, efektif dan efisien sehingga dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep peserta didik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan model pengembangan yang diadopsi dari Tessemer yang meliputi tahap pengumpulan data, tahap pendesainan, evaluasi diri (self-evaluation), uji ahli (expert reviews), uji perorangan (one to one), uji kelas kecil (small group) dan uji terbatas. Bahan ajar hasil pengembangan diujicobakan menggunakan one group pretest-posttest design yang dilakukan di kelas X MIA 2 MA Pesri Kendari tahun pelajaran 2019/2020. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui tes pemahaman konsep. Penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen validasi ahli, angket uji perseorangan dan uji kelas kecil, angket respon guru dan peserta didik dan instrumen tes pemahaman konsep. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa 1) Bahan ajar yang dikembangkan telah layak dalam meningkatkan pemahaman konsep melalui uji ahli dengan nilai Aiken’s V 0,77; 2) Bahan ajar yang dikembangkan telah praktis dalam meningkatkan pemahaman konsep melalui uji perseorangan dan uji kelas kecil dengan nilai Aiken’s V 0,90 dan 0,89; dan 3) Bahan ajar yang dikembangkan telah efisien sehingga dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep peserta didik dengan nilai Sig. adalah 0,455 > 0,05. Kata Kunci : Bahan Ajar, Integrasi Islam sains, Pemahaman Konsep.
PENINGKATAN PENGUASAAN KONSEP PESERTA DIDIK MELALUI PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN MAGANG KOGNITIF
Authors: Sanawing Hasniar , Mashuni Mashuni , Fahyuddin Fahyuddin
Published: April 2022

Abstrak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah  untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan  pembelajaran magang kognitif (Cognitive apprenticeship)  terhadap  penguasaan konsep peserta didik pada materi pokok larutan penyangga dan hidrolisis garam pada peserta didik kelas XI MIPA SMA Negeri 3 Kendari. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan menggunakan pretest-posttest control group design. Sampel penelitian terdiri atas dua kelas sebanyak 69 peserta didik, kelas eksperimen diberikan perlakuan pembelajaran magang kognitif dan kelas kontrol diberikan pembelajaran konvesional. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan análisis uji-t dengan bantuan program SPSS 20.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penguasaan konsep kimia peserta didik kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dan berbeda secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan penguasaan konsep peserta didik kelas kontrol. Hasil rerata n-gain penguasaan konsep pada  kedua berada pada kategori sedang, yaitu kelas eksperimen 0,6630 sedangkan 0,5309 untuk kelas kontrol. Dari hasil penelitian di atas dapat dikatakan bahwa untuk meningkatkan penguasaan konsep peserta didik dapat menggunakan model pembelajaran magang kognitif. Bagi peneliti selanjutnya yang perlu perhatikan adalah memaksimalkan pembelajaran sesuai konteks kehidupan siswa pada tahap modeling dan menyiapkan scaffolding yang sesuai dengan tingkat ZPD (Zona Proximal Development)  peserta didik.Kata Kunci: pembelajaran cognitive apprenticeship, penguasaan konsep, hidrolisis garam, larutan penyangga
Computational Approaches for Grocery Home Delivery Services
Authors: Truden Christian , Maier Kerstin , Jellen Anna , Hungerländer Philipp
Published: April 2022

The steadily growing popularity of grocery home-delivery services is most likely based on the convenience experienced by its customers. However, the perishable nature of the products imposes certain requirements during the delivery process. The customer must be present when the delivery arrives so that the delivery process can be completed without interrupting the cold chain. Therefore, the grocery retailer and the customer must mutually agree on a time window during which the delivery can be guaranteed. This concept is referred to as the attended home delivery (AHD) problem in the scientific literature. The phase during which customers place orders, usually through a web service, constitutes the computationally most challenging part of the logistical processes behind such services. The system must determine potential delivery time windows that can be offered to incoming customers and incrementally build the delivery schedule as new orders are placed. Typically, the underlying optimization problem is a vehicle routing problem with a time windows. This work is concerned with a case given by an international grocery retailer’s online shopping service. We present an analysis of several efficient solution methods that can be employed to AHD services. A framework for the operational planning tools required to tackle the order placement process is provided. However, the basic framework can easily be adapted to be used for many similar vehicle routing applications. We provide a comprehensive computational study comparing several algorithmic strategies, combining heuristics utilizing local search operations and mixed-integer linear programs, tackling the booking process. Finally, we analyze the scalability and suitability of the approaches.
Design of a DSP-Based Motion-Cueing Algorithm Using the Kinematic Solution for the 6-DoF Motion Platform
Authors: Wei Ming-Yen
Published: April 2022

A motion-cueing algorithm is a motion simulation system that makes the pilot feel the flight motion by calculating the attitude of the platform. This paper presents the design a kinematics model and two motion-cueing algorithms for a multi-axis motion platform. Firstly, the relationship between each axis is derived from the kinematics theory and motion platform transformation. Next, two motion-cueing algorithms are designed providing the pilot with the bodily sensations of the 6-DoF motion platform. By using a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) approach simulated in a real-time digital simulator, the control operations are performed in a digital signal processor (DSP). All of the motion-cueing algorithms, including the classical washout algorithm and the optimal control algorithm, are realized through a DSP, TMS-320F-28377D. The simulation results verify the theoretical analysis and illustrate the correctness and practicability of the proposed method.
Soil Moisture Outweighs Climatic Factors in Critical Periods for Rainfed Cereal Yields: An Analysis in Spain
Authors: Gaona Jaime , Benito-Verdugo Pilar , Martínez-Fernández José , González-Zamora Ángel , Almendra-Martín Laura , Herrero-Jiménez Carlos Miguel
Published: April 2022

Cereals are keystone crops for achieving food security and socioeconomic equilibrium, but rainfed cropland is highly sensitive to environmental anomalies that impact yields. The impact of soil moisture on cereal yield is particularly overlooked. This study evaluates the impact of root-zone soil moisture on yield compared to nine common climatic variables: maximum and minimum temperature, diurnal temperature range, growing degree days, accumulated rainfall, radiation, photothermal quotient, relative humidity of the air, and vapor pressure deficit. This study used the climatic database E-OBSv23 and the soil moisture databases ERA5-Land and LISFLOOD, focused on wheat and barley over the main cereal areas of Spain. Correlation analysis between annual yield and daily soil moisture and climatic data provided indicated the prevalence and concurrence of the impact factors on phenological stages of the Zadoks scale. Critical periods of impact on wheat and barley yields primarily concentrate during the growth and reproductive phases of spring. Soil moisture exceeds all other factors in magnitude and duration of influence, and our results suggest a complex interplay of factors during the critical spring period. This study highlights the preeminent role of soil moisture over climatic factors on the variability of rainfed cereal yields in water-limited areas.
Agricultural Drought Monitoring System in Poland—Farmers’ Assessments vs. Monitoring Results (2021)
Authors: Jędrejek Anna , Koza Piotr , Doroszewski Andrzej , Pudełko Rafał
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study is to compare the farmers’ viewpoint on agricultural drought with the results generated by the national Agricultural Drought Monitoring System (ADMS) in 2021. The authors attempted also to indicate effective methods of validating these results, which could serve as an objective tool of appeal made available to farmers as a part of an administrative procedure or directly included in the drought monitoring system, which, apart from soil and meteorological conditions, would take into account the actual condition of crops in the field. An analysis comparing farmers’ assessments with the ADMS results was presented for all (27,580 parcels) claims for compensation for losses in winter wheat crops submitted in the country. A detailed assessment of the impact of drought on yields was carried out for two pilot regions in the area most affected by agricultural drought in Poland (West Pomeranian Voivodeship, NUTS-2 PL42 region). The paper demonstrates a subjective assessment of incurred losses, performed by the farmers themselves. The difference between the “potential drought”—resulting from the meteorological and soil conditions—and the actual losses, which are also influenced by agro-technical factors, was indicated. The grounds for further development of the Agricultural Drought Monitoring System were the need to establish a method of estimating the impact of drought on crops, which will be based on unambiguous criteria and using high-resolution (temporal and spatial) remote sensing data.
Monitoring the Dynamics in Nitrogen and Phosphorus Contents during Aerobic Digestion of Swine Slurry
Authors: Lee Kyo-Suk , Egyir Michael , Lee Dong-Sung , Jung Hyun-Gyu , Lee Sang-Phil , Yang Jae E. , Chung Doug-Young
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to monitor the changes in the content and types of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in swine slurry (SS) across three aerobic digestion processes in public livestock recycling centers. In total, 148 swine slurry samples, including raw swine slurry from the three digestion cells, were collected from 37 livestock recycling centers around Korea from early April to mid-July 2020. The physical and chemical characteristics including the total N and P and various types of N and P of the samples were determined. The contents of organic N and P were calculated as the difference between the total and mineral components of N and P. The results showed that solid separation and aerobic digestion of SS significantly reduced the amount of the total N in the effluent by almost 70.1%, but only reduced the total P by 0.17%, resulting in a significant reduction of available N and a very high P:N ratio. This study confirmed that continuous application of composted liquid swine slurry based on N content may lead to the overapplication of P. Therefore, further research is needed to improve the N content and lower the high P:N ratios.
Biocontrol of Potato Common Scab Cultivated on Different Soil Mulch
Authors: Porto John Silva , Rebouças Tiyoko Nair Hojo , José Abel Rebouças São , José Alcebíades Rebouças São , Tebaldi Nilvanira Donizete , Luz José Magno Queiroz
Published: April 2022

Potato common scab causes significant economic losses worldwide, and current control methods remain ineffective. However, biological control methods have been effective in controlling phytopathogens in several other crops. Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus subtilis are the most studied microorganisms in agriculture for controlling plant diseases. However, interactions between these biological control agents and the organic matter present at the cultivation site have not been extensively studied. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the action of biological agents in controlling potato common scab using different soil mulch compositions. Two field experiments were performed simultaneously: one tested T. longibrachiatum (TL) and T. asperellum (TA) treatments in the control of potato scab, and the other tested two types of soil mulch (vetch and palisade grass) and four microorganism treatments (TL, TA, B. subtilis + Enterococcus faecium + Lactobacillus plantarum (BSEFLP), and B. subtilis + B. licheniformis + T. longibrachiatum (BSBLTL)). In the first experiment, TL and TA decreased the disease severity from 80% in the control to 34%, and 56% in the control to 5%, respectively, based on yield losses caused by the potato scab. In the second experiment, TA and BSEFLP reduced the disease severity to 61% and 62%, respectively, compared with that in the control (98%), and losses caused by the common scab to 38% and 40%, respectively, when combined with vetch mulch (control: 98%), demonstrating that microbial response can be influenced by the cover crop. Therefore, this work provides evidence that biological control of potato common scab is a viable alternative for disease control.
The Effect of the Season, the Maintenance System and the Addition of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Selected Biological and Physicochemical Features of Rabbit Fur
Authors: Roman Katarzyna , Wilk Martyna , Książek Piotr , Czyż Katarzyna , Roman Adam
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study was to show the impact of environmental conditions and dietary supplementation with ethyl esters of linseed oil on the quality of the rabbit hair coat. The research was divided into 4 stages: laboratory (summer and winter) and outdoor (summer and winter). In each stage of the research, animals were divided into control and experimental groups. The animals were fed in accordance with the feeding standards of reproductive rabbits during the period of sexual dormancy. The rabbits from the experimental groups during the first two months were given an addition of ethyl linseed oil to the feed. In the experiment, linseed oil was cold-pressed directly in the laboratory. Three samples of hair were collected: before the study, after two months of treatment, and after two months from the end of supplementation. The hair coat biological properties, such as share of individual hair fractions (%), heat transfer index (HTI), hair diameter (μm), as well as physico-mechanical properties such as breaking force (N), breaking stress (kg/cm2) and elongation (%) were performed. Moreover, the histological structure of hair and histological hair evaluation were performed. The fatty acid profile was determined in the hair as well. The obtained results of the content of individual fatty acids were grouped into saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids. In addition, omega-3 and omega-6 were distinguished from the group of unsaturated acids. The environmental conditions have a major impact on the quality of the rabbit coat. The best results of hair thickness and their heat protection were obtained from animals kept outdoors. The studies did not show an influence of the administered preparation on the quality of the rabbit coat. The hair became thinner, but more flexible and tear-resistant. Administration of linseed oil ethyl esters had significant, beneficial changes in the fatty acid profile in hair and hair sebum were observed. There was a significant increase in omega-3 acids, and a significant decrease in the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 acids.
Impact of Stationary Brush Quantity on Brush Use in Group-Housed Dairy Heifers
Authors: Reyes Faith S. , Gimenez Amanda R. , Anderson Kaylee M. , Miller-Cushon Emily K. , Dorea Joao R. , Van Os Jennifer M. C.
Published: April 2022

Our objectives were to evaluate the effect of stationary brush quantity on brush use and competition in weaned dairy heifers naïve to brushes. Sixty-three Holstein heifers (95 ± 5.7 days old) were housed in groups of eight (with the exception of 1 group of 7) with two or four stationary brushes (n = 4 groups/treatment). Brush-directed behaviors of grooming, oral manipulation, and displacements were recorded continuously for all heifers 0–6, 18–24, 120–126 and 138–144 h after brush exposure. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate the effects of brush quantity and exposure duration. Total brush use and competition were not affected by brush quantity, but heifers with access to more brushes used them for longer bouts, suggesting greater opportunity for uninterrupted use. Total brush use was greater in the first and final 6 h observation periods, which was driven by the greatest duration of oral manipulation and grooming in those respective periods. The continued use of brushes by all heifers in the final period indicates the importance of providing appropriate outlets for these natural behaviors to promote animal welfare. The effect of brush quantity on bout characteristics suggests that brush use was less restricted with four compared to two brushes per eight heifers.
Ontario Dairy Producers’ Perceived Barriers and Motivations to the Use of Pain Control for Disbudding and Dehorning Calves: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Saraceni Julia , Renaud David L. , Nelson Erin , Van Os Jennifer M. C. , Miltenburg Cynthia , Winder Charlotte B.
Published: April 2022

Canadian dairy farmers are required to use a local anesthetic and analgesic prior to all disbudding and dehorning procedures. This study was done to investigate the opinions of Ontario dairy farmers on the use of pain control for disbudding and dehorning calves and their perspectives on the current requirements of the quality assurance program. Interviews were conducted with 29 dairy farmers across Ontario. All participants used a cautery iron to disbud or dehorn their calves and some form of pain control (i.e., NSAID and/or local anesthetic). Of the 29 producers that were interviewed, 22 (76%) were in compliance with the proAction requirements for pain control. Many participants felt positive about the use of pain control for these practices. Education from veterinarians was one of the most commonly listed resources to reduce barriers to pain control use by producers. A farmer’s attitude was highly referenced as an influence on producer behaviour. Although participants had positive views of pain control use, full compliance with national quality assurance requirements for disbudding and dehorning was not met by all. Producer education through veterinarians is a potential avenue to encourage the adoption of pain control use for disbudding and dehorning practices.
The Role of Antimicrobial Resistance in Refractory and Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis and Current Recommendations for Treatment
Authors: Muzny Christina A. , Sobel Jack D.
Published: April 2022

Bacterial vaginosis (BV), the most common cause of vaginal discharge, is characterized by a shift in the vaginal microbiota from Lactobacillus species dominance to a diverse array of facultative and strict anaerobic bacteria which form a multi-species biofilm on vaginal epithelial cells. The rate of BV recurrence after therapy is high, often >60%. The BV biofilm itself likely contributes to recurrent and refractory disease after treatment by reducing antimicrobial penetration. However, antimicrobial resistance in BV-associated bacteria, including those both within the biofilm and the vaginal canal, may be the result of independent, unrelated bacterial properties. In the absence of new, more potent antimicrobial agents to eradicate drug-resistant pathogenic vaginal microbiota, treatment advances in refractory and recurrent BV have employed new strategies incorporating combination therapy. Such strategies include the use of combination antimicrobial regimens as well as alternative approaches such as probiotics and vaginal fluid transfer. Our current recommendations for the treatment of refractory and recurrent BV are provided.
Mechanism of Action of Cyanidin 3-O-Glucoside in Gluconeogenesis and Oxidative Stress-Induced Cancer Cell Senescence
Authors: Jia Yaoyao , Wu Chunyan , Rivera-Piza Adriana , Kim Yeon-Ji , Lee Ji Hae , Lee Sung-Joon
Published: April 2022

Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) is a natural anthocyanin abundant in fruits and vegetables that interacts and possibly modulates energy metabolism and oxidative stress. This study investigated the effect of C3G on gluconeogenesis and cancer cell senescence. C3G activates adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a cellular energy sensor involved in metabolism and the aging process. C3G suppressed hepatic gluconeogenesis by reducing the expression of gluconeogenic genes through the phosphorylation inactivation of CRTC2 and HDAC5 coactivators via AMPK. C3G did not directly interact with AMPK but, instead, activated AMPK through the adiponectin receptor signaling pathway, as demonstrated through adiponectin receptor gene knockdown experiments. In addition, C3G increased cellular AMP levels in cultured hepatocytes, and the oral administration of C3G in mice elevated their plasma adiponectin concentrations. These effects collectively contribute to the activation of AMPK. In addition, C3G showed potent antioxidant activity and induced cellular senescence, and apoptosis in oxidative-stress induced senescence in hepatocarcinoma cells. C3G increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase expression, while increasing the expression levels of P16, P21 and P53, key markers of cellular senescence. These findings demonstrate that anthocyanin C3G achieves hypoglycemic effects via AMPK activation and the subsequent suppression of gluconeogenesis and exhibits anti-cancer activity through the induction of apoptosis and cellular senescence.
Tissue Sodium Accumulation: Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications
Authors: Sulyok Endre , Farkas Bálint , Nagy Bernadett , Várnagy Ákos , Kovács Kálmán , Bódis József
Published: April 2022

Excessive sodium intake has been well established as a risk factor for the development and progression of cardiovascular and renal diseases. Its adverse effects are achieved by renal sodium retention and related volume expansion and by inducing low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) in the target tissues. This review presents the recent concept of nonosmotic sodium storage in the skin interstitium, the subsequent dissociation of sodium and volume homeostasis, and the cellular response to the increased tissue sodium concentration. Furthermore, data are shown on the sodium barrier and buffering potential of the endothelial glycocalyx that may protect the functional integrity of the endothelium when it is challenged by an increased sodium load. Finally, examples will be given of the involvement of oxygen free radicals (OFR) in sodium-induced tissue damage, and some clinical entities will be mentioned that are causally associated with sodium/volume retention and OS.
Nanotechnology Applications in Ground Heat Exchanger Pipes: A Review
Authors: Rivas-Cruz Fernando , Hernandez-Martinez Eduardo Gamaliel , Portillo-Velez Rogelio de Jesús , Rejón-García Leonardo
Published: April 2022

The use of Ground Source Heat Pumps (GSHPs) has grown exponentially around the world over recent decades. The GSHP represents an alternative device to electric heating systems and oil boilers. Additionally, it requires a lower power consumption and less maintenance than combustion-based heating systems. Moreover, the CO2 emissions produced by a GSHP are lower than other systems based on burning oil, gas, or biomass. However, the main obstacle for the widespread use of GSHPs is the high cost of Ground Heat Exchanger (GHE) installation, a technology that exhibits low thermodynamic efficiencies. Over the past decade, some studies have been conducted to improve heat transfer in GHE pipes using traditional working fluids, creating new pipe materials or designing new heat exchanger configurations. The main contribution of this paper is a summarization of the outcomes of theoretical, numerical and experimental studies to improve heat transfer in GHEs using nanotechnology. Additionally, the development of new fluids (nanofluids) and new materials (nanoparticles and nanocomposites) applied to heat exchanger pipes and the designs and configurations of GHEs are highlighted. As a result, the present review provides a perspective for future research regarding the use of nanotechnology to reduce the costs involved in GHE for GSHP improvement.
A Lyapunov Stability Analysis of Modified HOSM Controllers Using a PID-Sliding Surface Applied to an ABS Laboratory Setup
Authors: García Torres Christopher Javier , Ferré Covantes Luis Adrián , Vaca García Claudia Carolina , Estrada Gutiérrez Juan Carlos , Guzmán Antonio Navarrete , Acosta Lúa Cuauhtémoc
Published: April 2022

The antilock braking system (ABS) is a mechatronic system that helps a driver maintain the maneuverability of a vehicle while braking by preventing wheel lock-ups. However, the design of high-performance controllers for this type of system is complicated because of its highly nonlinear dynamics. The problem becomes even more difficult to resolve when uncertainties in the parameters appear in its dynamics. In this paper, an ABS laboratory setup mimicking a quarter car model is considered. A modified high-order sliding mode (HOSM) controller using a proportional-integral-differential (PID) control as a sliding surface was designed. This controller provides a reference value of a tire slip. The proposed controller uses a tracking error to define the slip surface through the PID controller structure, and the modified HOSM controller holds the system on the previously designed slip surface. The closed-loop system stability has been proven in the sense of Lyapunov. Finally, the ABS laboratory setup allows for experimentally checking the performance of the modified HOSM controller using a PID-sliding surface, showing a considerable increase in the efficiency of the control system compared with a PID-like controller.
Modelling of Decision Processes in Construction Activity
Authors: Szafranko Elżbieta , Harasymiuk Jolanta
Published: April 2022

Construction activity with a huge variety of structures, forms and conditions underlying the implementation of construction projects, require special management approach. Decisions are most often made at the planning and preparation stage of a construction project. The literature on the subject includes descriptions of decision support methods and models, including single-criteria and multi-criteria models, operations research and fuzzy models. Different models can be used in different situations. The article contains an analysis of model approaches proposed in the literature, confronted with decision-making processes in engineering practice. The study covered 34 construction projects and 15 companies operating in the construction industry. Several decision situations have been considered. The research carried out in accordance with the seven-stage research process has shown that although the various methods proposed in the cited sources can be used in the implementation of engineering projects, they require modification to suit the specificity of engineering practice. The results of the research are the decision support models proposed by the authors, adapted to the conditions in which construction projects are implemented. In the case of small and relatively simple construction projects, simplified models are usually used, where the use of the last steps of verifying the results and improving the applied model is limited. Large and more complex construction projects were often accompanied by a decision support system consisting of more stages, and in these cases, it turned out to be important to obtain feedback and to refine the decision model accordingly. Research has shown that in large projects it is important to obtain feedback. This is due to, inter alia, from the fact that the implementation of these projects involves much greater financial resources than in small and medium-sized projects. Decision-makers take much more care to verify the correctness of the model, because the effects of wrongly made decisions can be much more severe than in the case of small and medium-sized enterprises. If it is necessary to make strategic decisions related to the future of a given company, attention was paid to models in which the starting point was to clearly define the goal and collect a complete set of information about the decision-making environment. Various analytical and research methods were used, but feedback was always needed to improve the final solution. The observations obtained during the research helped the authors to develop decision support models dedicated to engineering practice that may be useful in the implementation of construction projects.
Fabrication and Phase Behavior of Thermo- and/or pH-Responsive Polymer-Grafted SiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan , Wang Xu , Huang Junhao , Liu Xuan , Zhang Yu , Peng Junxia
Published: April 2022

Three series of thermo- and/or pH-responsive polymer-grafted SiO2 nanoparticles, SiO2-graft-poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (SiO2-g-POEGMA), SiO2-graft-poly(acrylic acid) (SiO2-g-PAA) and SiO2-graft-poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate-state-acrylic acid (SiO2-g-P(OEGMA-stat-AA)), were prepared by grafting POEGMA and/or PAA onto the surface of silica nanoparticles through the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of SiO2-g-POEGMA (MOEGMA = 300 g/mol) was found to be 64 °C. For SiO2-g-PAA nanoparticles, at the pH range from 8 to 12, the hydrodynamic diameter of the nanoparticles increases with increasing pH, and the zeta potential of SiO2-g-PAA nanoparticles is negatively charged and decreases with increasing pH. Owing to the thermo- and pH-responsive, the hydrodynamic diameters of SiO2-g-P(OEGMA-stat-AA) nanoparticles increase with the increasing pH, and the LCSTs of those nanoparticles increase with the increase of POEGMA content.
Staphylococcus aureus α-Toxin Effect on Acinetobacter baumannii Behavior
Authors: Fernandez Jennifer S. , Tuttobene Marisel R. , Montaña Sabrina , Subils Tomás , Cantera Virginia , Iriarte Andrés , Tuchscherr Lorena , Ramirez Maria Soledad
Published: April 2022

Polymicrobial infections are more challenging to treat and are recognized as responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. It has been demonstrated that multiple Gram-negative organisms take advantage of the effects of Staphylococcus aureus α-toxin on mucosal host defense, resulting in proliferation and dissemination of the co-infecting pathogens. Through phenotypic approaches, we observed a decrease in the motility of A. baumannii A118 after exposure to cell-free conditioned media (CFCM) of S. aureus strains, USA300 and LS1. However, the motility of A. baumannii A118 was increased after exposure to the CFCM of S. aureus strains USA300 Δhla and S. aureus LSI ΔagrA. Hemolytic activity was seen in A118, in the presence of CFCM of S. aureus LS1. Further, A. baumannii A118 showed an increase in biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance to tetracycline, in the presence of CFCM of S. aureus USA300. Transcriptomic analysis of A. baumannii A118, with the addition of CFCM from S. aureus USA300, was carried out to study A. baumannii response to S. aureus’ released molecules. The RNA-seq data analysis showed a total of 463 differentially expressed genes, associated with a wide variety of functions, such as biofilm formation, virulence, and antibiotic susceptibility, among others. The present results showed that A. baumannii can sense and respond to molecules secreted by S. aureus. These findings demonstrate that A. baumannii may perceive and respond to changes in its environment; specifically, when in the presence of CFCM from S. aureus.
CRISPR-Mediated Base Editing: From Precise Point Mutation to Genome-Wide Engineering in Nonmodel Microbes
Authors: Li Mengyuan , Huo Yi-Xin , Guo Shuyuan
Published: April 2022

Nonmodel microbes with unique and diverse metabolisms have become rising stars in synthetic biology; however, the lack of efficient gene engineering techniques still hinders their development. Recently, the use of base editors has emerged as a versatile method for gene engineering in a wide range of organisms including nonmodel microbes. This method is a fusion of impaired CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease and base deaminase, enabling the precise point mutation at the target without inducing homologous recombination. This review updates the latest advancement of base editors in microbes, including the conclusion of all microbes that have been researched by base editors, the introduction of newly developed base editors, and their applications. We provide a list that comprehensively concludes specific applications of BEs in nonmodel microbes, which play important roles in industrial, agricultural, and clinical fields. We also present some microbes in which BEs have not been fully established, in the hope that they are explored further and so that other microbial species can achieve arbitrary base conversions. The current obstacles facing BEs and solutions are put forward. Lastly, the highly efficient BEs and other developed versions for genome-wide reprogramming of cells are discussed, showing great potential for future engineering of nonmodel microbes.
Endothelial Progenitor Cell Response to Acute Multicomponent Exercise Sessions with Different Durations
Authors: Cavalcante Suiane , Teixeira Manuel , Duarte Ana , Ferreira Miriam , Simões Maria I. , Conceição Maria , Costa Mariana , Ribeiro Ilda P. , Gonçalves Ana Cristina , Oliveira José , Ribeiro Fernando
Published: April 2022

It is widely accepted that exercise training has beneficial effects on vascular health. Although a dose-dependent relation has been suggested, little is known about the effects of different exercise durations on endothelial markers. This study aimed to assess the effect of single exercise sessions with different durations in the circulating levels of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and endothelial cells (CECs) among adults with cardiovascular risk factors. Ten participants performed two multicomponent exercise sessions, one week apart, lasting 30 and 45 min (main exercise phase). Before and after each exercise session, blood samples were collected to quantify EPCs and CECs by flow cytometry. The change in EPCs was significantly different between sessions by 3.0% (95% CI: 1.3 to 4.7), being increased by 1.8 ± 1.7% (p = 0.009) in the 30 min session vs. −1.2 ± 2.0% (p > 0.05) in the 45 min session. No significant change was observed in CECs [−2.0%, 95%CI: (−4.1 to 0.2)] between the sessions. In conclusion, a multicomponent exercise session of 30 min promotes an acute increase in the circulating levels of EPCs without increasing endothelial damage (measured by the levels of CECs) among adults with cardiovascular risk factors.