bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supervised accelerometry analysis can identify prey capture by penguins at sea
Authors: Carroll Gemma , Slip David , Jonsen Ian , Harcourt Rob
Published: November 2014

Determining where, when and how much animals eat is fundamental to understanding their ecology. We developed a technique to identify a prey capture signature for little penguins from accelerometry, in order to quantify food intake remotely. We categorised behaviour of captive penguins from HD video and matched this to time-series data from back-mounted accelerometers. We then trained a support vector machine (SVM) to classify the penguins’ behaviour at 0.3s intervals as either ‘prey handling’ or ‘swimming’. We applied this model to accelerometer data collected from foraging wild penguins to identify prey capture events. We compared prey capture and non-prey capture dives to test the model predictions against foraging theory. The SVM had an accuracy of 84.95% (S.E. ± 0.26) and a false positive rate of 9.82% (S.E. ± 0.24) when tested on unseen captive data. For wild data, we defined three independent, consecutive prey handling observations as representing true prey capture, with a false positive rate of 0.09%. Dives with prey captures had longer duration and bottom times, were deeper, had faster ascent rates, and had more ‘wiggles’ and ‘dashes’ (proxies for prey encounter used in other studies). The mean number of prey captures per foraging trip was 446.6 (S.E. ± 66.28). By recording the behaviour of captive animals on HD video and using a supervised machine learning approach, we show that accelerometry signatures can classify the behaviour of wild animals at unprecedentedly fine scales.
Bats coordinate sonar and flight behavior as they forage in open and cluttered environments
Authors: Falk Benjamin , Jakobsen Lasse , Surlykke Annemarie , Moss Cynthia F
Published: November 2014

Echolocating bats employ active sensing as they emit sounds and listen to the returning echoes to probe their environment for navigation, obstacle avoidance, and pursuit of prey. The sensing behavior of bats includes the planning of 3D spatial trajectory paths, which are guided by echo information. In this study, we examined the relationship between active sonar sampling and flight motor output as bats changed environments from open space to an artificial forest in a laboratory flight room. Using high-speed video and audio recordings, we reconstructed and analyzed 3D flight trajectories, sonar beam aim and acoustic sonar emission patterns as the bats captured prey. We found that big brown bats adjusted their sonar call structure, temporal patterning, and flight speed in response to environmental change. The sonar beam aim of the bats predicted the flight turn rate in both the open room and the forest. However, the relationship between sonar beam aim and turn rate changed in the forest during the final stage of prey pursuit, during which the bat made shallower turns. We found flight stereotypy developed over multiple days in the forest, but did not find evidence for a reduction in active sonar sampling with experience. The temporal patterning of sonar sound groups was related to path planning around obstacles in the forest. Together, these results contribute to our understanding of how bats coordinate echolocation and flight behavior to represent and navigate their environment.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Ex vivo Metabolic Studies of a Rhenium-Labeled Radiopharmaceutical for Liver Cancer
Authors: Chen Wei-Hsi , Liao Chen-Wei , Luo Tsai-Yueh , Chang Yu , Men Lee-Chung , Hsieh Yi-Cheng
Published: November 2014

The radio-isotope rhenium-labeled N-[2-(triphenylmethyl)thioethyl]-3-aza-19-ethyloxycarbonyl-3-[2-(triphenylmethyl)thioethyl] octadecanoate) ligand (188Re-MN-16ET) is a novel therapeutic agent under preclinical evaluation for hepatoma. A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a tandem mass spectrometric analysis method and diode array detector (DAD) involving a T type splitter was developed to characterize this pharmaceutical in rat liver tissue solution and determine its biotransformation rate. The separation was accomplished on a C18 column (chromolith silica, 4.6 mm × 100 mm) using an acetonitrile–ammonium acetate buffer gradient as the mobile phase. The detection was achieved by DAD set at 250 nm and tandem mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization in the positive ion mode. Re-MN-16ET displayed a retention time of 23.2 min and a transition ion pair corresponding to m/z 677 → 631 for multiple reaction monitoring. Its biotransformation reaction in rat liver homogenate proceeded for 90 min in a 37°C water bath. The characterization was conducted using aliquots that were extracted and concentrated from the reaction mixture for various incubation times. Re-MN-16ET exhibited a biotransformation half-life ( t1/2) of 8–9 min in liver tissue solution and was almost completely exhausted after 90 min. Two of its metabolites, consisting of the Re-labeled carboxylic acid derivative, predominately, and its corresponding demetallized disulfide ligand were found in the liver homogenate, providing a metabolism pathway for the radiopharmaceutical.
Letter: Determination of Ionization Energies of a Monoterpene Series by Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization Using Tunable Vacuum Ultraviolet Synchrotron Radiation
Authors: Méjean Marie , Giuliani Alexandre , Brunelle Alain , Touboul David
Published: November 2014

Monoterpenes are the main class of biogenic volatile organic compounds. They promptly react with oxygen and nitrogen species, leading to the formation of secondary aerosols. The determination of their physicochemical properties, such as their ionization energies (IEs), is crucial to understand better their reactivity. We previously introduced a modified atmospheric pressure photoionization source coupled to a tunable vacuum ultraviolet source at the SOLEIL synchrotron radiation facility. Here, this set-up is employed to determine IEs of ten monoterpenes with a good precision (±50 meV) and a small sample consumption limited to 10 μg.
High Repetition Rate Atmospheric Pressure Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization in Combination with Liquid Matrices
Authors: Bierstedt Andreas , Stindt Arne , Warschat Carsten , Panne Ulrich , Riedel Jens
Published: November 2014

One major drawback of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is still the relatively poor pulse-to-pulse reproducibility of the signal intensity. This problem, caused by insufficient homogeneity in the matrix/analyte co-crystallization, is usually circumvented by averaging the detected ion intensity over several shots. However, during the consecutive laser pulses, the applied matrix gets depleted and only a number of subsequent experiments can be done on the same sample spot. In order to achieve the desired long-term stability in combination with a sufficient pulse-to-pulse reproducibility, recently liquid MALDI matrices have been introduced. This contribution demonstrates the promising combination of liquid matrices with high repetition rate lasers for atmospheric pressure MALDI (AP-MALDI). To demonstrate the robustness of the new approach, two different kinds of liquid matrices were used in combination with both a typical flashlamp pumped 15 Hz laser and a diode pumped solid state laser operated at 5 kHz. The latter showed a stable ion signal over more than 3,500,000 consecutive laser pulses.
Electron-Impact Ionization Cross-Sections of Silane
Authors: Saini Sham Singh , Bhatt Praveen , Bhardwaj Umesh , Bhardwaj Santosh
Published: November 2014

We have made a study of the total ionization cross-sections of a silane (SiH4) molecule caused by electron impact for a single ionization. Electron-impact ionization cross-sections (EIICS) have been calculated from threshold ionization energy to 1400 eV. The theoretical model, developed by Jain and Khare, has been used to calculate the EIICS for silane. We observed the following product ions: SiH3+, SiH2+, SiH+, Si+, H2+ and H+. The predicted EIICS of silane for all six fragment ions are compared with other theoretical and experimental data. The present model shows a good agreement with the previously reported data.
On data sharing in computational drug discovery and the need for data notes
Authors: Bajorath Jürgen
Published: November 2014

In the big data era, the scientific community is in need of better practices and infrastructures for data deposition and sharing. In addition, scientific journals are challenged with formulating, implementing, and enforcing commonly accepted data deposition guidelines and addressing problems associated with the use of proprietary data. Furthermore, new publication formats are required to specifically focus on data, their organization, and related issues and raise awareness of data heterogeneity and complexity. Such types of publications should also present a forum for evaluating and discussing specifics of data upon which follow-up investigations are based. Data articles/notes introduced by F1000Research represent an important step in the right direction.
Active learning and decision making: an introduction to the collection
Authors: Gottlieb Jacqueline
Published: November 2014

The importance of exploratory behaviors by which agents actively sample information has been long appreciated in a range of disciplines. However, because of their complexity and cognitive nature, these behaviors have been difficult to characterize. In recent years, a resurgence of interest in this question has been based on a confluence of ideas from multiple fields, including machine learning, development, perceptual learning and attention and decision making.  This collection of articles in F1000Research aims to provide a home for a broad range of studies addressing this topic. We welcome full length research articles, brief communications, single figure studies, and review/opinion articles, and studies using computational, behavioral or neural approaches.  Here, we provide an introduction to the collection which we hope will grow and become a valuable resource for the researchers exploring this topic.
Influence of oil and gas emissions on ambient atmospheric non-methane hydrocarbons in residential areas of Northeastern Colorado
Authors: Thompson Chelsea R. , Hueber Jacques , Helmig Detlev
Published: November 2014

The Northern Front Range (NFR) region of Colorado has experienced rapid expansion of oil and gas extraction from shale and tight sands reservoirs in recent years due to advances in hydraulic fracturing technology, with over 25,000 wells currently in operation. This region has also been designated as a federal ozone non-attainment area by the U.S. EPA. High ozone levels are a significant health concern, as are potential health impacts from chronic exposure to primary emissions of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) for residents living near wells. From measurements of ambient atmospheric NMHC present in residential areas located in close proximity to wells in Erie, Colorado, we find that mean mole fractions of the C2–C5 alkanes are enhanced by a factor of 18–77 relative to the regional background, and present at higher levels than typically found in large urban centers. When combined with NMHC observations from downtown Denver and Platteville, it is apparent that these compounds are elevated across the NFR, with highest levels within the Greater Wattenberg Gas Field. This represents a large area source for ozone precursors in the NFR. The BTEX aromatic compounds in Erie were comparable to (e.g., benzene) or lower than (e.g., toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene) in large urban centers, however, benzene was significantly higher in Platteville, and within the range of chronic health-based exposure levels. An initial look at comparisons with data sets from previous years reveal that ambient levels for oil and gas-related NMHC in Erie, as well as further downwind in Boulder, have not decreased, but appear to have been increasing, despite tightening of emissions standards for the oil and gas industries in 2008.
Behind the scenes of the ‘Be a flu hero’ social media campaign
Authors: Basra Kamy
Published: November 2014

To promote its nasal flu immunisation campaign, Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust rolled out a large social media campaign. Kamy Basra takes us behind the scenes.
Survey of the management of dry cows in north east Wales
Authors: Kemp Maureen
Published: November 2014

A questionnaire was sent to 67 dairy farmers in north east Wales, to establish how they manage their dry cows. Responses were received from 39 herds, and were from zero-grazed herds, spring calving grazing herds, and all year round calving herds, thus representing the spectrum of dairy systems seen in the UK. Forty six percent of farmers aimed for a dry period less than 60 days with the other 54% aiming for 60 days. Combination therapy with antibiotic dry cow tubes and teat sealant tubes was practised in 100% of the spring grazing herds and in 62% of farms overall. Intermittent milking was practised in 30% of farms, as a routine or depending on individual cow yield at the time of drying off. When considering the management of dairy cows at drying off, herd specific and cow specific protocols should be put in place with encouragement being given to the use of teat sealants.
Ocular disease in cattle
Authors: Mueller Karin
Published: November 2014

This article looks at common medical condition affecting the bovine eye including corneal ulceration, stromal abscesses, infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis, squamous cell carcinoma, and bovine iritis. It also covers anatomical features, first aid procedures and examination techniques.
Equine influenza: optimising protection against an evolving threat
Authors: Rendle David
Published: November 2014

Equine veterinary surgeons are so familiar with influenza vaccination that there is perhaps a tendency to take the disease for granted. However, the Australian outbreak in 2007 highlighted the devastating effect that the virus can have on equine welfare and equine industries, albeit in a naïve population. The outbreak, which resulted from the import of vaccinated horses that were infected and shedding virus, was estimated to have cost Australia around $1 billion dollars. However, vaccination using contemporary virus strains was also an important part of the solution. Given the frequency of horse movements into, and within, the UK equine population, in which it is estimated from sales data that only one in three horses are vaccinated, the threat of a major equine influenza (EI) outbreak in the UK is ever present. At practice level vaccines need to be chosen carefully and protocols ought to be in place to ensure that horses exhibiting clinical signs consistent with EI are isolated effectively and diagnosed promptly.
EquineReview
Authors: Rendle David
Published: November 2014

Introduction:

This edition of Equine Review considers papers on atypical myopathy.
New inhaled therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Bostock-Cox Beverley
Published: November 2014

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) causes significant morbidity and mortality in the UK. Inhaled therapies are the mainstay of treatment for COPD. The key approaches to COPD therapy include bronchodilatory agents to improve symptom control and anti-inflammatory treatments to reduce exacerbation risk. Recently, a number of new inhaled therapies have come onto the UK market. This article helps to explain the role these new therapies play in COPD, and allows the reader to understand the rationale for choosing particular medications.
Discussing vaginal dryness: A symptom of the menopause
Authors: Abernethy Kathy
Published: November 2014

Vaginal dryness is a common symptom that women experience, particularly postmenopausally. Many women feel that their concerns are dismissed by health professionals and they do not receive counselling on treatment options. Hormonal and non-hormonal therapy choices can be used to alleviate symptoms and to treat the underlying cause of vaginal dryness. This article will provide nurses with information on vaginal dryness, its causes, treatment methods and how to discuss this symptom with women.
Medicines optimization in the dementias
Authors: Apampa Bugewa , Navti Beryl
Published: November 2014

Medicines play a key role in the management of persons with dementia by delaying cognitive decline and ameliorating the behavioural and psychological symptoms associated with dementia, when all other interventions have failed.

The four guiding principles of medicines optimization: understanding the patient's experience, evidence-based choice of medicines, ensuring safe use of medicines and making medicines optimization part of routine practice, can be systematically incorporated into the routine care of these patients resulting in improved patient outcomes and ultimately reduced cost to the NHS. This article aims to provide an overview of medicines optimization for the health professional.
III-V Multi-junction solar cells and concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) systems
Authors: Philipps Simon P. , Bett Andreas W.
Published: November 2014

It has been proven that the only realistic path to practical ultra-high efficiency solar cells is the monolithic multi-junction approach, i.e., to stack pn-junctions made of different semiconductor materials on top of each other. Each sub pn-junction, i.e., sub solar cell, converts a specific part of the sun’s spectrum. In this way, the energy of the sunlight photons is converted with low thermalization losses. However, large-area multi-junction solar cells are still far too expensive if applied in standard PV modules. A viable solution to solve the cost issue is to use tiny solar cells in combination with optical concentrating technology, in particular, high concentrating photovoltaics (HCPV), in which the light is concentrated over the solar cells more than 500 times. The combination of ultra-high efficient solar cells and optical concentration lead to low cost on system level and eventually to low levelized cost of electricity, today, well below 8 €cent/kWh and, in the near future, below 5 €cent/kWh. A wide variety of approaches exists for III-V multi-junction solar cells and HCPV systems. This article is intended to provide an overview about the different routes being followed.
Unionization and the partisan effect on income inequality
Authors: Castater Eric Graig
Published: November 2014

Does partisanship matter for income inequality? The empirical evidence is notably mixed. I argue that these inconsistent findings are partly the result of scholars not (properly) modeling the relationship between unionization and the partisan composition of government. If we accept that union members favor greater government intervention to reduce economic inequalities than non-union members, politicians desire to hold elected office and be popular but also to implement particular public policies, and left party politicians share union members’ policy preferences to a greater extent than center and right party politicians, then partisan differences should be greatest at moderate levels of unionization, a condition that allows all politicians to pursue their policy preferences while maintaining electoral viability. The empirical analysis examines 16 wealthy democracies between 1970 and 2010. The results of error-correction models confirm the theoretical expectation and hold regardless of whether there is a majoritarian or proportional representation electoral system.
Dimensional estimates for singular sets in geometric variational problems with free boundaries
Authors: De Philippis Guido , Maggi Francesco
Published: November 2014

We show
that singular sets of free boundaries arising in codimension one anisotropic geometric variational problems are

ℋ

n
-
3

${\mathcal{H}^{n-3}}$

-negligible, where n is the ambient space dimension. In particular our results apply to capillarity type problems, and establish everywhere regularity in the three-dimensional case.
Seed Structure Characteristics of Orobanche cumana Populations
Authors: Krupp Anna , Rücker Erika , Heller Annerose , Spring Otmar
Published: November 2014

Sunflower broomrape Orobanche cumana Wallr. is a rapidly growing threat to the oil crop production in many countries. Fast adaptation to new environments and increasing host resistance suggests that phenotypically distinctive populations of the weed may have evolved. The classification of the species and the differentiation of such populations on the base of seed micromorphological characters were attempted. Morphometric measurements allowed the distinction of O. cumana from several other Orobanche and Phelipanche species. An irregularly thickened cell wall of the anticlinal testa cells differentiated O. cumana and O. cernua from O. caryophyllacea, O. crenata, O. minor, P. aegyptiaca, P. arenaria and P. ramosa. However, populations of sunflower broomrape from five European countries and China could not be separated from each other on the base of micromorphological seed characters. In contrast, length to width measurements indicated that the Asian samples had a slightly different seed shape which was less elongated than the European samples. However, this seemingly geographic effect may as well be a consequence of sampling which comprised a higher rate of the so-called modern races E-H in the European samples.
Application of Image Processing in Fruit and Vegetable Analysis: A Review
Authors: Dubey Shiv Ram , Jalal Anand Singh
Published: November 2014

Images are an important source of data and information in the agricultural sciences. The use of image-processing techniques has outstanding implications for the analysis of agricultural operations. Fruit and vegetable classification is one of the major applications that can be utilized in supermarkets to automatically detect the kinds of fruits or vegetables purchased by customers and to determine the appropriate price for the produce. Training on-site is the underlying prerequisite for this type of arrangement, which is generally caused by the users having little or no expert knowledge. We explored various methods used in addressing fruit and vegetable classification and in recognizing fruit disease problems. We surveyed image-processing approaches used for fruit disease detection, segmentation and classification. We also compared the performance of state-of-the-art methods under two scenarios, i.e., fruit and vegetable classification and fruit disease classification. The methods surveyed in this paper are able to distinguish among different kinds of fruits and their diseases that are very alike in color and texture.
Effects of speech rate, phonetic background and gender on vowel reduction in the speech of nonnative speakers of English
Authors: Brzezicha Bogna , Kul Małgorzata
Published: November 2014

The paper reports the results of a study investigating vowel reduction in the speech of non-native speakers of English. The aim was to unravel the links between reduction and speech rate, phonetic training and gender. We hypothesized that (i) Polish speakers of English reduce vowels; (ii) they speak slower than native speakers; (iii) the higher the rate, the higher the reduction degree; (iv) speakers with phonetic training reduce less than those lacking it; (v) male subjects reduce more than the female ones. In order to realize these aims, an acoustic analysis of vowels was performed on 2 hrs 42 mins of speech produced by 12 Polish speakers of English. The subjects were di-vided into an experimental group consisting of 6 students of English and a control group with 6 speakers who had no phonetic training. The obtained results positively verify that non-native speakers reduce vowels and cast some doubts on whether they speak slower than native speakers. The role of rate and gender could not be established due to statistical and methodological issues. The group with no phonetic training outperformed the group which underwent phonetic training, pointing instead to the role of exposure and perhaps music training in acquiring native-like reduction patterns.
Shame, embarrassment and guilt: Corpus evidence for the cross-cultural structure of social emotions
Authors: Krawczak Karolina
Published: November 2014

This article is a cross-cultural and cross-linguistic comparison of three interrelated emotional categories of shame, embarrassment and guilt in two different cultural settings of individualistic societies, as represented here by Britain and America, and a collectivist society, such as Poland. The conceptual field of SHAME is operationalized through its three near-synonymous adjectival exponents, "ashamed"/"zawstydzony", "embarrassed"/"zażenowany", and "guilty"/"winny". Drawing on relevant research in social and cognitive psychology as well as linguistics, the present study applies advanced quantitative corpus-based methodology to reconstruct the cultural and conceptual profiles of the three emotions.
Imitation of English vowel duration upon exposure to native and non-native speech
Authors: Zając Magdalena , Rojczyk Arkadiusz
Published: November 2014

The study reproduces pilot work concerned with the imitation of English vowel duration by Polish learners (Zając 2013). Its aim was to expand on the findings of the previous study, i.e. determine if the magnitude of imitation may depend on the native/non-native status of the model talker and investigate whether the provision of explicit instructions to imitate at the beginning of the experiment affects convergence strategies of the participants. The dependent variable was the duration of three English front vowels analysed in shortening and lengthening contexts. The stimuli included pre-recorded English word pairs pronounced by a native and a non-native model talker. The experimental procedure consisted of three tasks: (1) reading the English word pairs displayed sequentially on a computer screen (baseline condition), producing the English words after exposure to (2) the native model talker’s voice and (3) the non-native model talker’s voice (shadowing conditions). The results show that the magnitude of imitation in the pronunciation of L2 learners may differ as a function of the model talker (native vs. non-native). The provision of explicit instructions to imitate at the beginning of the experimental procedure was found not to have a significant impact on the convergence strategies of the subjects.
Thyroid status and its association with cognitive functioning in healthy boys at 10 years of age
Authors: Pérez-Lobato R , Ramos R , Arrebola J P , Calvente I , Ocón-Hernández O , Dávila-Arias C , Pérez-García M , Olea N , Fernández M F
Published: November 2014

Objective

Thyroid hormones (THs) are crucial for the correct maturation of the CNS and the neurodevelopment of the child. We aimed to investigate the association of TSH and free thyroxine (FT4) levels with cognitive functioning in children from the INMA-Granada cohort studied during their follow-up at the age of 9–11 years.

Design

We evaluated 300 children from the original cohort, which comprised 668 eligible mother–son pairs recruited at birth from 2000 to 2002 in Granada (Spain).

Methods

FT4 and TSH concentrations were measured, and cognitive development was assessed using neuropsychological tests (n=187). Children with chronic disease related to thyroid function and/or cognitive development were excluded.

Results

Median TSH and FT4 levels were 3.1 μIU/ml and 1.2 ng/dl respectively. In multivariable regression analyses adjusted for maternal and child characteristics, children with TSH levels in the top tertile had worse verbal comprehension and immediate and long-term recall. Children with FT4 levels in the top tertile had better attention and lower impulsivity and were at a lower risk of scoring below the 20th percentile in intelligence quotient (OR=0.24; 95% CI=0.08–0.74; P=0.013) and in abstract reasoning ability (OR=0.28; 95% CI=0.09–0.88; P=0.029).

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that circulating THs and TSH may in the top tertile have an impact on cognitive functions; thus, higher TSH slightly but significantly increased the risk of a lower score in certain neuropsychological tests.
The Impact of Macroscopic Epistasis on Long-Term Evolutionary Dynamics
Authors: Good Benjamin H , Desai Michael M
Published: November 2014

Genetic interactions can strongly influence the fitness effects of individual mutations, yet the impact of these epistatic interactions on evolutionary dynamics remains poorly understood. Here we investigate the evolutionary role of epistasis over 50,000 generations in a well-studied laboratory evolution experiment in Escherichia coli. The extensive duration of this experiment provides a unique window into the effects of epistasis during long-term adaptation to a constant environment. Guided by analytical results in the weak-mutation limit, we develop a computational framework to assess the compatibility of a given epistatic model with the observed patterns of fitness gain and mutation accumulation through time. We find that a decelerating fitness trajectory alone provides little power to distinguish between competing models, including those that lack any direct epistatic interactions between mutations. However, when combined with the mutation trajectory, these observables place strong constraints on the set of possible models of epistasis, ruling out many existing explanations of the data. Instead, we find that the data are consistent with a “two-epoch” model of adaptation, in which an initial burst of diminishing-returns epistasis is followed by a steady accumulation of mutations under a constant distribution of fitness effects. Our results highlight the need for additional DNA sequencing of these populations, as well as for more sophisticated models of epistasis that are compatible with all of the experimental data.
Signaling by the Engulfment Receptor Draper: A Screen in Drosophila melanogaster Implicates Cytoskeletal Regulators, Jun N-Terminal Kinase, and Yorkie
Authors: Fullard John F , Baker Nicholas E
Published: November 2014

Draper, the Drosophila melanogaster homolog of the Ced-1 protein of Caenorhabditis elegans, is a cell-surface receptor required for the recognition and engulfment of apoptotic cells, glial clearance of axon fragments and dendritic pruning, and salivary gland autophagy. To further elucidate mechanisms of Draper signaling, we screened chromosomal deficiencies to identify loci that dominantly modify the phenotype of overexpression of Draper isoform II (suppressed differentiation of the posterior crossvein in the wing). We found evidence for 43 genetic modifiers of Draper II. Twenty-four of the 37 suppressor loci and 3 of the 6 enhancer loci were identified. An additional 5 suppressors and 2 enhancers were identified among mutations in functionally related genes. These studies reveal positive contributions to Drpr signaling for the Jun N-terminal Kinase pathway, supported by genetic interactions with hemipterous, basket, jun, and puckered, and for cytoskeleton regulation as indicated by genetic interactions with rac1, rac2, RhoA, myoblast city, Wiskcott–Aldrich syndrome protein, and the formin CG32138, and for yorkie and expanded. These findings indicate that Jun N-terminal Kinase activation and cytoskeletal remodeling collaborate in Draper signaling. Relationships between Draper signaling and Decapentaplegic signaling, insulin signaling, Salvador/Warts/Hippo signaling, apical-basal cell polarity, and cellular responses to mechanical forces are also discussed.
Effects of service innovation in cultural parks on customer satisfaction
Authors: Lin Shang-Ping , Wang Chuan-Chung , Huang Pi-Yun
Published: November 2014

The impact of financial crisis has resulted in the global economic depression. It is merely cultural industry that acts in a diametrically opposite way so businesses related to cultural industry are still growing. For this reason, this study tends to explore the innovation activities in cultural parks in Taiwan, from the aspect of cultural value. Nevertheless, research on cultural parks in Taiwan still focuses on architecture design and reuse of space; studies on Service Innovation are rather few. This study therefore aims to discuss Service Innovation in cultural parks themselves. With questionnaire survey, the data are further analyzed and discussed. The research findings show 1. significantly positive correlations between Service Innovation and Product Price in Customer Satisfaction, 2. partially positive correlations between Service Innovation and Service Efficiency in Customer Satisfaction, 3. remarkably positive correlations between Service Innovation and Perceived Value in Customer Satisfaction, and 4. notable effects of Customer Characteristics on the correlations between Service Innovation and Customer Satisfaction. The research results are expected to be the reference and contribution to cultural park managers.
Performance evaluation of the construction of American military housing after the war towards local development
Authors: Chang Kuo-Liang , Chiou Shang-Chia , Ha Jih-Lian
Published: November 2014

The US dispatched a large quantity of troops to Taiwan in 1950 and constructed American Military Housing in Shilin District. The United States military in Taiwan provided military and economic assistance. The preference to the US increased with enhancing national living standards so that local economic and cultural development were greatly affected by the introduction of the US culture. By applying DEA to measuring the performance evaluation of local governments, appropriate input/output factors are selected to efficiently evaluate the performance of local governments. To integrate the selection of input/output factors with expert opinions, reduce input costs, and avoid fuzziness in the investigation process, Fuzzy Delphi Method is utilized for sieving input/output factors. The research results show the relative efficiency of 2 local governments being strong-form efficiency, with the efficiency = 1, revealing the better relative efficiency. The relative efficiency of 3 local governments, 25% of all DMUs, appears in 0.9–1, presenting the relative efficiency of such local governments being more easily enhanced. The efficiency of 7 local governments, 58% of all DMUs, is lower than 0.9, showing the distinct inefficiency.
Corporate social responsibility and corporate governance impact on finance performance
Authors: Fu Hsiu-Jen , Ho Shu-Yi
Published: November 2014

This study explored, from the angle of corporate social responsibility and corporate governance, the extent to which the governance of listed companies in Taiwan affected and implemented, and understood its relation with corporate value. The method of statistics using SPSS 17.0 was employed and secondary information was gathered to probe the subjects. Empirical results with data were provided herein to present substantial recommendations for reference by the industry, academia, and governments in providing right tracks for corporate development, increasing intention to invest in market, and reinforcing investors’ confidence in good corporations for making investment.
Exploring correlations among tourism characteristics, visitor behavior intention, and customer satisfaction
Authors: Fu Hsin-Wei , Yeh Shang-Pao
Published: November 2014

In the process of getting into the 21st century, Taiwan left behind the agriculture-based economic system and changed it for high-density and elaboration industries. With progressing societies and economic development, tourism, leisure and recreational industries have boomed. Moreover, the implementation of two-day weekend policy has increased the leisure time and the frequency of tourism and recreation activities. The correlations between Tourism Characteristics, Visitor Behavior Intention, and Customer Satisfaction are therefore discussed in this study. Focussing on Xitou Nature Education Area, the customers were distributed 250 copies of questionnaires. A total of 182 valid copies were retrieved, with the retrieval rate of 73%. The research results show significant correlations between 1. Tourism Characteristics and Customer Satisfaction, 2. Customer Satisfaction and Behavior Intention, and 3. Tourism Characteristics and Behavior Intention. The research results are expected to provide assistance and suggestions for tourism industries developing industrial characteristics.
Use of Differential Scanning Fluorimetry as a High-Throughput Assay to Identify Nuclear Receptor Ligands
Authors: DeSantis Kara , Reed Aaron , Rahhal Raneen , Reinking Jeff
Published: November 2014

Identification of ligands that interact with nuclear receptors is both a major biological problem and an important initial step in drug discovery. Several in vitro and in vivo techniques are commonly used to screen ligand candidates against nuclear receptors; however, none of the current assays allow screening without modification of either the protein and/or the ligand in a high-throughput fashion. Differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) allows unmodified potential ligands to be screened as 10μL reactions in 96-well format against partially purified protein, revealing specific interactors. As a proof of principle, we used a commercially-available nuclear receptor ligand candidate chemical library to identify interactors of the human estrogen receptor α ligand binding domain (ERα LBD). Compounds that interact specifically with ERα LBD stabilize the protein and result in an elevation of the thermal denaturation point, as monitored by the environmentally-sensitive dye SYPRO orange. We successfully identified all three compounds in the library that have previously been identified to interact with ERα, with no false positive results.
Empirical correlations for the compression index of Irish soft soils
Authors: McCabe Bryan A. , Sheil Brian B. , Long Michael M. , Buggy Fintan J. , Farrell Eric R.
Published: November 2014

Numerous correlations have been developed in the literature relating the compression index Cc of soft soils to simple index properties that serve as a useful reality check on oedometer test results. However, many of these empirical correlations are specific to soils of a certain geographic region and/or geological origin and therefore may not be applicable in other contexts. Compression index data and corresponding index properties, specific to a good geographic spread of Irish soft soil sites, have been compiled in this paper. Of all the forms of correlation considered, the relationship between compression ratio Cc and the natural water content is the most fruitful in terms of allowing preliminary predictions of compression index to be made.
Recycling reclaimed road material in hydraulically bound layers
Authors: Gáspár László , Stryk Josef , Marchtrenker Stefan , De Bel Régis , Thøgersen Finn , Sedran Thierry , Fifer Bizjak Karmen , Hellman Fredrik , Åhnberg Helen , McNally Ciaran , Arm Maria , Bencze Zsolt
Published: November 2014

The European Direct-mat project provided a significant contribution to increasing recycling reclaimed road wastes. Part of the project was dedicated to the recycling of various reclaimed road materials in new hydraulically bound layers. This paper summarises the results of the project and the activities of the eight contributing European countries. Several examples from countries outside the project are also provided to give a comprehensive overview. The paper highlights the main trends of relevant practice worldwide (particularly in Europe) and draws conclusions for practitioners.
A Custom Trabecular Metal Implant in Revision Total Hip Replacement with a Paprosky Type-IV Femoral Defect
Authors: Tischler Eric H. , Hansen Erik , Austin Matthew S.
Published: November 2014

Case:

Treatment for severe femoral bone defects involving loss of the supporting isthmus is limited. Techniques are based on surgeon experience and patient-related factors. Revision arthroplasty can be challenging depending on bone loss and quality. Highly porous metals, such as trabecular metal, are ideal alternatives for complex reconstruction; however, little has been written about trabecular metal for reconstruction of the proximal part of the femur.

Conclusion:

We report the five-year midterm results of a custom trabecular metal implant for a Paprosky type-IV femoral defect. This novel construct provides durable midterm survivorship and excellent function for Paprosky type-IV femoral bone loss.
Dynamic Tags for Security Protocols
Authors: Arapinis Myrto , Delaune Stéphanie , Kremer Steve
Published: November 2014

The design and verification of cryptographic protocols is a notoriously
difficult task, even in symbolic models which take an abstract view of
cryptography. This is mainly due to the fact that protocols may interact with
an arbitrary attacker which yields a verification problem that has several
sources of unboundedness (size of messages, number of sessions, etc. In this
paper, we characterize a class of protocols for which deciding security for an
unbounded number of sessions is decidable. More precisely, we present a simple
transformation which maps a protocol that is secure for a bounded number of
protocol sessions (a decidable problem) to a protocol that is secure for an
unbounded number of sessions. The precise number of sessions that need to be
considered is a function of the security property and we show that for several
classical security properties a single session is sufficient. Therefore, in
many cases our results yields a design strategy for security protocols: (i)
design a protocol intended to be secure for a {single session}; and (ii) apply
our transformation to obtain a protocol which is secure for an unbounded number
of sessions.
Parity and Streett Games with Costs
Authors: Fijalkow Nathanaël , Zimmermann Martin
Published: November 2014

We consider two-player games played on finite graphs equipped with costs on
edges and introduce two winning conditions, cost-parity and cost-Streett, which
require bounds on the cost between requests and their responses. Both
conditions generalize the corresponding classical omega-regular conditions and
the corresponding finitary conditions. For parity games with costs we show that
the first player has positional winning strategies and that determining the
winner lies in NP and coNP. For Streett games with costs we show that the first
player has finite-state winning strategies and that determining the winner is
EXPTIME-complete. The second player might need infinite memory in both games.
Both types of games with costs can be solved by solving linearly many instances
of their classical variants.
Small Stone in Pool
Authors: Buss Samuel R. , Kolodziejczyk Leszek Aleksander
Published: November 2014

The Stone tautologies are known to have polynomial size resolution
refutations and require exponential size regular refutations. We prove that the
Stone tautologies also have polynomial size proofs in both pool resolution and
the proof system of regular tree-like resolution with input lemmas (regRTI).
Therefore, the Stone tautologies do not separate resolution from DPLL with
clause learning.
Discriminating Lambda-Terms Using Clocked Boehm Trees
Authors: Endrullis Joerg , Hendriks Dimitri , Klop Jan Willem , Polonsky Andrew
Published: November 2014

As observed by Intrigila, there are hardly techniques available in the
lambda-calculus to prove that two lambda-terms are not beta-convertible.
Techniques employing the usual Boehm Trees are inadequate when we deal with
terms having the same Boehm Tree (BT). This is the case in particular for fixed
point combinators, as they all have the same BT. Another interesting equation,
whose consideration was suggested by Scott, is BY = BYS, an equation valid in
the classical model P-omega of lambda-calculus, and hence valid with respect to
BT-equality but nevertheless the terms are beta-inconvertible. To prove such
beta-inconvertibilities, we employ `clocked' BT's, with annotations that convey
information of the tempo in which the data in the BT are produced. Boehm Trees
are thus enriched with an intrinsic clock behaviour, leading to a refined
discrimination method for lambda-terms. The corresponding equality is strictly
intermediate between beta-convertibility and Boehm Tree equality, the equality
in the model P-omega. An analogous approach pertains to Levy-Longo and
Berarducci Trees. Our refined Boehm Trees find in particular an application in
beta-discriminating fixed point combinators (fpc's). It turns out that Scott's
equation BY = BYS is the key to unlocking a plethora of fpc's, generated by a
variety of production schemes of which the simplest was found by Boehm, stating
that new fpc's are obtained by postfixing the term SI, also known as Smullyan's
Owl. We prove that all these newly generated fpc's are indeed new, by
considering their clocked BT's. Even so, not all pairs of new fpc's can be
discriminated this way. For that purpose we increase the discrimination power
by a precision of the clock notion that we call `atomic clock'.
Infinitary Term Rewriting for Weakly Orthogonal Systems: Properties and Counterexamples
Authors: Endrullis Joerg , Grabmayer Clemens , Hendriks Dimitri , Klop Jan Willem , van Oostrom Vincent
Published: November 2014

We present some contributions to the theory of infinitary rewriting for
weakly orthogonal term rewrite systems, in which critical pairs may occur
provided they are trivial. We show that the infinitary unique normal form
property fails by an example of a weakly orthogonal TRS with two collapsing
rules. By translating this example, we show that this property also fails for
the infinitary lambda-beta-eta-calculus. As positive results we obtain the
following: Infinitary confluence, and hence the infinitary unique normal forms
property, holds for weakly orthogonal TRSs that do not contain collapsing
rules. To this end we refine the compression lemma. Furthermore, we establish
the triangle and diamond properties for infinitary multi-steps (complete
developments) in weakly orthogonal TRSs, by refining an earlier
cluster-analysis for the finite case.
Computability of 1-manifolds
Authors: Burnik Konrad , Iljazovic Zvonko
Published: November 2014

A semi-computable set S in a computable metric space need not be computable.
However, in some cases, if S has certain topological properties, we can
conclude that S is computable. It is known that if a semi-computable set S is a
compact manifold with boundary, then the computability of \deltaS implies the
computability of S. In this paper we examine the case when S is a 1-manifold
with boundary, not necessarily compact. We show that a similar result holds in
this case under assumption that S has finitely many components.
Locating Ax, where A is a subspace of B(H)
Authors: Bridges Douglas Suth
Published: November 2014

Let A be a linear space of operators on a Hilbert space H, x a vector in H,
and Ax the subspace of H comprising all vectors of the form Tx with T in A. We
discuss, within a Bishop-style constructive framework, conditions under which
the projection [Ax] of H on the closure of Ax exists. We derive a general
result that leads directly to both the open mapping theorem and our main
theorem on the existence of [Ax].
Computable Jordan Decomposition of Linear Continuous Functionals on $C[0;1]$
Authors: Weihrauch Klaus , Jafarikhah Tahereh
Published: November 2014

By the Riesz representation theorem using the Riemann-Stieltjes integral,
linear continuous functionals on the set of continuous functions from the unit
interval into the reals can either be characterized by functions of bounded
variation from the unit interval into the reals, or by signed measures on the
Borel-subsets. Each of these objects has an (even minimal) Jordan decomposition
into non-negative or non-decreasing objects. Using the representation approach
to computable analysis, a computable version of the Riesz representation
theorem has been proved by Jafarikhah, Lu and Weihrauch. In this article we
extend this result. We study the computable relation between three Banach
spaces, the space of linear continuous functionals with operator norm, the
space of (normalized) functions of bounded variation with total variation norm,
and the space of bounded signed Borel measures with variation norm. We
introduce natural representations for defining computability. We prove that the
canonical linear bijections between these spaces and their inverses are
computable. We also prove that Jordan decomposition is computable on each of
these spaces.