bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on the effects of blending PODEn on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of heavy-duty diesel engines meeting China VI emission standard
Authors: Zhao Yuwei , Geng Cong , E Weibo , Li Xiaoquan , Cheng Peiyuan , Niu Tianlin
Published: May 2021

To study the influence of diesel fuel blended with polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODEn), a new alternative fuel with a high oxygen content and large cetane number, on the combustion characteristics, fuel economies, and emission characteristics of heavy-duty diesel engines that meet China VI emission standards, relevant tests were conducted on a supercharged intercooled high-pressure common-rail diesel engine. The PODEn were blended with diesel fuel at three different ratios (volume fractions of 10%, 20%, and 30%). The test results showed that the PODEn could optimize the combustion process of diesel engines that met the China VI emission standards, effectively improve the thermal efficiencies of diesel engines, and reduce the emissions of hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and soot. With an increase in the PODEn blending ratio, the peak values of the in-cylinder pressure, average in-cylinder temperature, and instantaneous heat release rate gradually decreased, and each peak progressively moved forward. As the start of combustion gradually moved forward, the combustion duration was shortened by 0.7–2.8°CA, the heat release process became more concentrated, and the effective thermal efficiency was increased by up to 2.57%. The effective fuel consumption gradually increased, yet the equivalent effective fuel consumption gradually decreased, with the largest drop being as high as 4.55%. The nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission increased slightly, and the emissions of HC, CO, and soot gradually decreased. The emissions of CO and soot declined significantly under high-speed and high-load conditions, with the highest reductions reaching 66.2% and 76.3%, respectively.
Author Correction: Construction of TUATinsecta database that integrated plant and insect database for screening phytophagous insect metabolic products with medicinal potential
Authors: Nakane Wakana , Nakamura Hisashi , Nakazato Takeru , Kaminaga Natsuki , Nakano Miho , Sakamoto Takuma , Nishiko Maaya , Bono Hidemasa , Ogiwara Isao , Kitano Yoshikazu , Iwabuchi Kikuo , Kinoshita Kaoru , Simpson Richard J. , Tabunoki Hiroko
Published: May 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
The protected physiological state of intracellular Salmonella enterica persisters reduces host cell-imposed stress
Authors: Schulte Marc , Olschewski Katharina , Hensel Michael
Published: May 2021

During infectious diseases, small subpopulations of bacterial pathogens enter a non-replicating (NR) state tolerant to antibiotics. After phagocytosis, intracellular Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STM) forms persisters able to subvert immune defenses of the host. Physiological state and sensing properties of persisters are difficult to analyze, thus poorly understood. Here we deploy fluorescent protein reporters to detect intracellular NR persister cells, and to monitor their stress response on single cell level. We determined metabolic properties of NR STM during infection and demonstrate that NR STM persisters sense their environment and respond to stressors. Since persisters showed a lower stress response compared to replicating (R) STM, which was not consequence of lower metabolic capacity, the persistent state of STM serves as protective niche. Up to 95% of NR STM were metabolically active at beginning of infection, very similar to metabolic capacity of R STM. Sensing and reacting to stress with constant metabolic activity supports STM to create a more permissive environment for recurrent infections. Stress sensing and response of persister may be targeted by new antimicrobial approaches.
Efficient encapsulation of functional proteins into erythrocytes by controlled shear-mediated membrane deformation
Authors: Rahman Md Habibur , Wong Chung Hong Nathaniel , Lee Marianne M. , Chan Michael K. , Ho Yi-Ping
Published: May 2021

This work demonstrates an investigation to deliver proteins and enzymes to red blood cells (RBCs) by shear-mediated membrane deformation in physiological buffers, which is expected to bridge the gap between enzyme- and RBC-mediated therapies.
Interrupted aza-Wittig reactions using iminophosphoranes to synthesize 11C–carbonyls
Authors: Ismailani Uzair S. , Munch Maxime , Mair Braeden A. , Rotstein Benjamin H.
Published: May 2021

Iminophosphoranes are coupled with CO2 and carbon-, nitrogen-, oxygen-, and sulfur-based nucleophiles to synthesize acyclic (radio)pharmaceuticals in high yield.
Nb/Se Co-doped BiOI nanomaterials with exposed (110) facets for enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity
Authors: Xu Yifeng , Yan Aihua , Zhang Xiaohui , Huang Fei , Li Dengke , Zhao Xianhui , Weng Haifeng , Zhang Zhuoyu
Published: May 2021

A strategy combining doping and facet engineering is demonstrated to prepare Nb/Se co-doped BiOI photocatalysts with exposed (110) facets.
Chiral metal down to 4.2 K - a BDH-TTP radical-cation salt with spiroboronate anion B(2-chloromandelate)2−
Authors: Blundell Toby J. , Brannan Michael , Nishimoto Hiroshi , Kadoya Tomofumi , Yamada Jun-ichi , Akutsu Hiroki , Nakazawa Yasuhiro , Martin Lee
Published: May 2021

Synthesis of a chiral molecular metal which shows metallic behaviour down to at least 4.2 K.
Phonon thermal conductivity of the stanene/hBN van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Rahman Md. Habibur , Islam Md Shahriar , Islam Md Saniul , Chowdhury Emdadul Haque , Bose Pritom , Jayan Rahul , Islam Md Mahbubul
Published: May 2021

We found that the phonon thermal conductivity (PTC) of bare hBN and stanene could be engineered by assembling them in the form of a vertical heterostructure.
The effects of vacancies and their mobility on the dynamic heterogeneity in 1,3-dimethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate organic ionic plastic crystals
Authors: Park Hyungshick , Park Chung Bin , Sung Bong June
Published: May 2021

The presence of vacancies induces the translational and rotational dynamic heterogeneity of ions in the organic ionic plastic crystal.
CO2 activation and dissociation on In2O3(110) supported PdnPt(4−n) (n = 0–4) catalysts: a density functional theory study
Authors: Wang Xiaowen , Pan Jiaying , Wei Haiqiao , Li Wenjia , Zhao Jun , Hu Zhen
Published: May 2021

The CO2 adsorption and dissociation procedures on the PdnPt(4−n)/In2O3 (n = 0–4) catalysts are studied. Compromised between the adsorption energies and dissociation barriers, Pd2Pt2/In2O3 is regarded as the optimal component for CO2 reduction.
Fracto-eutectogels: SDS fractal dendrites via counterion condensation in a deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Matthews Lauren , Ruscigno Silvia , Rogers Sarah E. , Bartlett Paul , Johnson Andrew J. , Sochon Robert , Briscoe Wuge H.
Published: May 2021

Fracto-eutectogels comprising dendritic fractal aggregates of SDS surfactants in glyceline, a deep eutectic solvent, are observed for the first time, alluding to curious self-assembly mechanisms in such H-bonding rich, non-aqueous green solvents.
One-step synthesis of amorphous nickel iron phosphide hierarchical nanostructures for water electrolysis with superb stability at high current density
Authors: Yu Xuefeng , He Xun , Li Rong , Gou Xinglong
Published: May 2021

Amorphous bimetal phosphide hierarchical nanostructures enrooted on Ni–Fe foam have been developed as efficient nonprecious bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting with high activity and superb stability at high current density.
Unexpected ultrafast and highly efficient removal of uranium from aqueous solutions by a phosphonic acid and amine functionalized polymer adsorbent
Authors: Zhang Qinghua , Zhang Shiao , Zhao Jizhou , Wei Peng , Wang Changfu , Liu Pan , Zhao Xiaohong , Zeng Kai , Wu Faming , Liu Zhirong
Published: May 2021

P(DMAA–B2MP) was prepared by solvothermal polymerization and exhibits fast and efficient sorption of uranium(vi) from aqueous solutions.
A cathodic photocorrosion-assisted strategy to construct a CdS/Pt heterojunction photocatalyst for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Fan Jianming , Xiong Jinhua , Liu Dayue , Tang Yuanping , He Song , Hu Zhibiao
Published: May 2021

A novel strategy based on the cathodic photocorrosion effect of CdS was developed to fabricate a CdS/Pt heterojunction photocatalyst, achieving a remarkable enhancement for H2 evolution.
Collective dynamics in lipid membranes containing transmembrane peptides
Authors: Kelley Elizabeth G. , Butler Paul D. , Nagao Michihiro
Published: May 2021

Small amounts of transmembrane peptides can significantly alter the collective dynamics in lipid membranes even when there are no changes in the average membrane structure.
Mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction in Friedreich ataxia: update on pathophysiological relevance and clinical interventions
Authors: Lynch David R. , Farmer Garrett
Published: May 2021

Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a recessive disorder resulting from relative deficiency of the mitochondrial protein frataxin. Frataxin functions in the process of iron–sulfur (Fe–S) cluster synthesis. In this review, we update some of the processes downstream of frataxin deficiency that may mediate the pathophysiology. Based on cellular models, in vivo models and observations of patients, ferroptosis may play a major role in the pathogenesis of FRDA along with depletion of antioxidant reserves and abnormalities of mitochondrial biogenesis. Ongoing clinical trials with ferroptosis inhibitors and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activators are now targeting each of the processes. In addition, better understanding of the mitochondrial events in FRDA may allow the development of improved imaging methodology for assessing the disorder. Though not technologically feasible at present, metabolic imaging approaches may provide a direct methodology to understand the mitochondrial changes occurring in FRDA and provide a methodology to monitor upcoming trials of frataxin restoration.
Molecular characterization and protective efficacy of a new conserved hypothetical protein ofEimeria tenella
Authors: Zhao Huanzhi , Zhu Shunhai , Zhao Qiping , Huang Bing , Liu Guiling , Li Zhihang , Wang Lu , Dong Hui , Han Hongyu
Published: May 2021

Eimeria tenellais an obligate intracellular parasite that actively invades cecal epithelial cells of chickens. This parasite encodes a genome of more than 8000 genes. However, more than 70% of the gene models for this species are currently annotated as hypothetical proteins. In this study, a conserved hypothetical protein gene ofE. tenella, designatedEtCHP18905, was cloned and identified, and its immune protective effects were evaluated. The open reading frame ofEtCHP18905 was 1053bp and encoded a protein of 350 amino acids with a molecular weight of 38.7kDa. The recombinantEtCHP18905 protein (rEtCHP18905) was expressed inE. coli. Using western blot, the recombinant protein was successfully recognized by anti GST-Tag monoclonal antibody and anti-sporozoites protein rabbit serum. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that theEtCHP18905 mRNA levels were higher in sporozoites than in unsporulated oocysts, sporulated oocysts and second-generation merozoites. Western blot analysis showed thatEtCHP18905 protein expression levels were lower in sporozoites than in other stages. Immunofluorescence analysis indicated that theEtCHP18905 protein was located on the surface of sporozoites and second-generation merozoites. Inhibition experiments showed that the ability of sporozoites to invade host cells was significantly decreased after treatment with the anti-rEtCHP18905 polyclonal antibody. Vaccination with rEtCHP18905 protein was able to significantly decrease mean lesion scores and oocyst outputs as compared to non-vaccinated controls. The results suggest that the rEtCHP18905 protein can induce partial immune protection against infection withE. tenellaand could be an effective candidate for the development of new vaccines.
Quantum correlations and entanglement
Authors: Fabre Claude
Published: May 2021

In 1935, Schrödinger introduced the word "entanglement" to describe a situation examined in the famous Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paper published a few months before. The proper nature of quantum correlations that exist when a two-partite system is in an entangled state was a subject of controversy. In contrast to many other subjects, the debate about the nature of entanglement came quite recently to an end.
Theoretical and philosophical approaches of Russian management thought to the correlation of occupational reasonability and human factor
Authors: Birukov Aleksandr P. , Brikoshina Irina S. , Vikhodtseva Elena A. , Geokchakyan Artem G. , Nikitina Elena V.
Published: May 2021

One of the fundamental problems in management is the issue of correlation of occupational rationality and human factor. The highest recognition of this issue was achieved in the Russian management thought in the early 1900s. The authors have concentrated their attention on the Russian management thought, since it is studied less in comparison with classical Western management schools. This article analyzes the works by the major philosophers and theoreticians of management, their approaches and attitudes to the mentioned issue are considered, the main results of conferences on scientific organization of labor held in the USSR are studied. The main aim of the article is retrospective analysis and systematization of approaches of the Russian scientists to the correlation between occupational rationality and human capital. The results of the study are arranged in the form of correlation matrix of various sides and attitudes on this issue in the works by various Russian philosophers of management. It should be mentioned that solution to this problem is relevant at present, since digitization minimizes the significance and opportunities of human factor.
The historical consciousness of student youth and evaluation of the events of the Great Patriotic War
Authors: Kostrikov Sergei P. , Kolchin Andrey A. , Nadekhina Yuliya P. , Kryukova Elena V. , Kostrikov Stanislav S.
Published: May 2021

It is not the first year that the information space has been marked by trends in the revision of evaluations of the events of the Great Patriotic War. Student youth are actively and rapidly developing, adapting to the new social realities. That is why the issues of preserving historical memory and developing the historical consciousness of contemporary young people have become so relevant. The present work is based on the analysis of the survey results of the 1st and 2nd-year students conducted at the State University of Management (SUM, Moscow, Russia), and is a continuation of the research devoted to the evaluation of the end results of the Great Patriotic War in the perception of University students. An attempt was made to determine the level of students’ knowledge about the main facts of the Great Patriotic War. Within the framework of this study, the results of similar works by domestic and foreign authors were considered. As a rule, in Russia, the problem of awareness of the importance of the Great Patriotic War is emphasized in terms of its results, including the perception of these issues by student youth. At the same time, several foreign authors put forward the issue of reevaluating the results of the Second World War and make it with clear politicization of the proposed conclusions, primarily, in determining the historical responsibility for war unleashing. The authors of the present study propose to strengthen the role of archival documents, memoirs, chronicles, and testimonies of direct participants and victims of the wartime events in military-historical education, which should not allow distorting the historical feat of the USSR and its decisive contribution to the defeat of Nazi Germany.
The ethical conception of Leo Tolstoy in the interpretation of Maximilian Voloshin
Authors: Buzhor Vadim I. , Buzhor Yevgeniya S.
Published: May 2021

The article examines the interpretation of Leo Tolstoy’s ethical conception provided by a Russian poet Maximilian Voloshin. A brief exposition of Tolstoy’s ethical conception position of a person’s concern for their soul is provided. In this regard, the requirements of love and nonviolence are not of value in and of themselves but are subordinate to the main cause of salvation, the improvement of a person’s soul. This is the point on which Voloshin focuses his criticism reproaching Tolstoy for selfishness. Non-resistance to evil by violence is paradoxically interpreted by Voloshin as evasion from evil. Voloshin emphasizes that Tolstoy’s understanding of evil is simplified due to his failure to understand the sinful nature of mankind. Voloshin opposes Tolstoy’s ethics interpreted by him in this manner with his own ethical conception suggesting that it is necessary to not move away from evil in the world but, on the contrary, take it into oneself and strive to transform it with the internal forces of good. In conclusion, it is examined that despite their differences both thinkers agreed that responding with evil to evil is unacceptable from the point of ethics. Both Tolstoy and Voloshin were also characterized by the implementation of their ethical provisions in their personal lives.
Fundamentality or fundamentalism? About some aspects of higher education in Russia and terminology
Authors: Volobuev Alexey V. , Kuzina Elena S.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of fundamentalism and the crisis of the education system in Russia. The authors demonstrate the subjective perception of the crisis of education either as a public institution in general or as a specific education system in specific historical circumstances. The study aims to establish or refute the existence of fundamentalist tendencies in the contemporary Russian educational discourse, as well as to identify the validity of using the term “fundamentalism” with regard to the philosophy of education and pedagogy. The research methods included case studies, comparative textual analysis, as well as historical-cultural and comparative methods. The authors note that the term “fundamentalism” was coined in science at the end of the 19th century. It had a completely different meaning, namely, a literal interpretation of a religious text within the framework of a particular tradition. The authors analyze a set of specific situations associated at first glance with the erroneous use of the term “fundamentalism” in Russian scientific articles to mean a generalization of the fundamental and academic nature of education, as well as substantiate the attitude according to which the application of this characteristic is not erroneous at all, but is a manifestation of some features of a specific form of fundamentalism, namely, academic fundamentalism.
The concept of teaching the history course for students of noncore specialties
Authors: Evdokimov Roman N. , Kindzerskaya Marina A. , Savinchenko Tatiana I.
Published: May 2021

This work is aimed at disclosure of features of history teaching in conformity with modernization processes in Russian higher education. The purpose of this concept is quality improvement of historical education and development of cognitive and socially important knowledge, skills and habits of students of noncore specialties (nonhistory students), economy profile first of all. The concept is based on competence and activity approaches to education. The relevance of development of this concept is dictated by high requirements of modern society to quality of history education, increased public interest to facts of Russian and foreign history, development of historical studies, accumulation of new historical knowledge. In the course of this work, the recommendations have been given regarding development of content and education plan of History discipline, which are universal and after certain adaptation can be used by teachers of other humanitarian and social disciplines. A fresh point of view is proposed on historical education as a tool of formation of system thinking of students, creation of consistent concepts of world history process, including the role of Russia and its development as a part of human civilization.
The role of humanities in the course of transmitting social memory
Authors: Kalney Marina S.
Published: May 2021

The article examines the contradiction between the transformation of information technology into an integral part of contemporary educational activities and the threat of reducing the quality of the educational process and dehumanizing the individual, resulting from the implementation of digital educational technologies. The need for distance work and remote communication is particularly evident in the situation of the pandemic, which requires, on the one hand, restricting direct interpersonal contacts to prevent the spread of infection, and on the other hand – continuing labor activity to prevent an economic downturn. The disadvantages of the distance framework in the educational process concern a decrease in discipline among students, a deterioration in the quality of learning of educational material, economic inaccessibility for low-income families, insufficient coverage of territories with cellular communication, as well as housing conditions that do not allow organizing remote work and training. These shortcomings become a threat to increasing social stratification due to the impossibility of general access to even basic education. The essence of the protests against distance learning shows that the problems are seen not only in the lack of organization of the learning process but also in the very fact of abandoning the traditional learning model. One of the factors of such a threat is the absolutization of the role of information technology in the learning process, which leads to a deterioration in the level of education. To resolve this contradiction, the authors propose to consider the role of humanitarian knowledge as a meaningful aspect of the educational process.
Creative thinking and foreign language education as the two main humanitarian components of contemporary higher education
Authors: Milyaeva Laurissa V.
Published: May 2021

This article presents a brief theoretical overview of the issues of humanities education and its two components, namely, creative thinking and foreign language education. Within the framework of the present article, the author considers the definitions of the main terms, as well as foreign and domestic approaches to an aspect of contemporary education, such as humanitarian knowledge. The author also attempts to prove that, despite the pressure of information and communication technologies, the humanitarian aspect has not lost its importance in the training of modern specialists. Discussing the place of humanities education in the contemporary academic space, the author analyzes the current concepts of foreign and domestic scientists. Special attention in the theoretical review is paid to two main components of humanitarian knowledge, namely, creative thinking, and foreign language education. Creative thinking is presented as a special development component of the contemporary personality, who is formed through special creative tasks and is based on the processes of cognition and transformation of the acquired knowledge. Education received in a foreign language allows forming progressive competencies, such as socio-cultural competency and communicative competency in a foreign language.
Axiological approach to developing spirituality and morality in the process of L2 PR education
Authors: Minyar-Beloroucheva Alla P. , Sergienko Polina I. , Vishnyakova Olga D. , Vishnyakova Elizaveta A. , Anossova Oksana G.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of fundamental aspects of spiritual and ethical education as well as to the development of cultural and moral values, pertaining to global citizens and proponents of sustainable development in the system of undergraduate PR education. The authors view the issues dealing with fostering the feelings of duty, breeding responsibility before other people and the environment, respect for human rights and freedoms as well love and deference for one’s family, the country and the whole world in the process of L2 PR studies. An individual trajectory chosen for L2 PR undergraduates’ needs and capabilities focuses on their intellectual as well as cultural development, thereby serving the purpose of enhancing their individual qualities. The spiritual image and values of L2 PR undergraduates are influenced by all the global problems of our time, including understanding life as the greatest value, preserving the world, the environment, and the entire cultural heritage. Spirituality implies a certain state of human self-awareness to make the one find new expressions in thoughts, in language and actions. This is the foundation for building a healthy and strong society and nations. Online extracurricular activities allow the educators to form not only the basic social, moral and cultural values that guide society, but also contribute to the personal growth of young people, their formation as individuals, the realization of all their potentials and abilities.
Improvement of efficiency of further vocational education under the pandemic conditions
Authors: Davydova Julia A. , Kargapolova Ekaterina V. , Koshkin Andrey P. , Denisenkova Natalya N. , Cherdantsev Valery V.
Published: May 2021

This work is aimed at detection of factors promoting improvement of efficient teacher-audience interaction upon distance learning. This work discusses such issues as efficiency of presentation and absorption of material in the taught disciplines, characteristics of organization conditions of audience work. The attention is paid to advantages and disadvantages of distance learning for programs of vocational retraining. This article also analyzes the necessity to upgrade engineering and methodological support of education, which agrees with the trends of progress in implementation of University 4.0 model. The research was based on sociological surveying, which provided sufficiently complete pattern of attitudes of students in vocational retraining programs to distance learning during the pandemic. On the basis of this research, it has been concluded that most students positively assessed the distance learning platforms provided by the university. At the same time, it is sufficiently difficult to concentrate attention during 1.5 hours, which forced the teacher to search for mixed forms of education, alternating practical assignments or video clips with theoretical material. It has been concluded that the distance learning is an efficient measure of protection against coronavirus, though, under usual conditions, the students prefer resident course.
An intellectual plein air: a walk through the Rozanov places of Yelets
Authors: Skiperskikh Aleksandr V.
Published: May 2021

This paper is an original reconstruction of the Yelets text of the Russian religious philosopher Vasily Rozanov. The author draws up a map of Rozanov’s addresses in Yelets and conducts an intellectual plein air over them, inviting students to it. During an intellectual walk along provincial Yelets, an attempt is made to reconstruct Rozanov’s Yelets routes. Each place, marked during the plein air could be described by Rozanov in his texts. This form of academic dialogue is held for the first time and can serve as an alternative to traditional classroom forms of communication. The author sees the intellectual plein air as an attempt to capture and describe the images of the departing Yelets in the way the Russian philosopher might have seen it. Any timely fixation of the memory of Rozanov today turns out to be the correct tactical decision. The current Yelets is gradually giving in to the impulses of modernization. In addition to the intellectual temptations of new readings of Rozanov’s texts in the framework of this plein air, this form of academic dialogue, taken outside the framework of the university audience, solves another problem. The author considers new aesthetic horizons of the familiar ethnic landscape. Yelets expands anew, containing the memory of an outstanding representative of Russian culture, and becomes a part of world culture.
Forming universal competencies in the course of teaching a foreign language at a nonlinguistic university
Authors: Antonova Kseniya N. , Ilina Galina A. , Mironova Marina Y. , Nasledova Angelika O. , Suvorova Maria A.
Published: May 2021

The labor market modernization and the transition to the digital economy have led to a revision of the requirements for a contemporary specialist, who, in addition to professional competencies, possesses a broad range of universal skills and personal qualities. The development of leadership skills can become a universal pedagogical basis for implementing the concept of continuous nationally oriented independent education at all stages starting from the preparation of applicants, secondary vocational education, bachelor’s and master’s degree programs, to postgraduate studies, including advanced training and additional education. The study aimed to identify efficient educational technologies aimed at forming universal competencies in the framework of disciplines “Foreign Language” and “Business Foreign Language” at various stages of training, both in academic and extracurricular activities. The basis for identifying efficient educational technologies was theoretical methods (literature analysis (active teaching methods, and mixed learning technologies), documentation analysis (Federal State Education Standard, FSES 3+++)), as well as empirical methods (observation, study, and generalization). The practical significance of the work consists in the presented model of forming universal competencies, which can be considered as a component of the professional education of a future graduate of a nonlinguistic university. The universal competencies formed within the framework of the disciplines “Foreign Language” and “Business Foreign Language” will allow the graduate to become a competitive specialist in the international labor market.
Foresight for development of innovation ecosystems in Russian education: information basis of evaluation
Authors: Petrosyants Daniel V. , Simonov Konstantin V. , Mitrakhovich Stanislav P. , Iushkov Igor V.
Published: May 2021

This article attempts to forecast the pattern of development and bottlenecks during rearrangement of the Russian system of higher education in short- and medium-terms. The authors apply system analysis to study the existing realities of various aspects characterizing successfulness and opportunities to achieve academic leadership by leading Russian universities. This work maps out the existing visually perceived state of innovation ecosystems in some leading Russian universities. The studies cover such aspects of development of modern universities as budgeting and properties of its constituents, ability of universities to efficiently perform research and to use the obtained results, transition to mastering and development of various EdTech methods, policy of educational entities in the field of further education and further vocational education. This work describes the approach offering the use of university rating for foresight evaluation of development of Russian universities. The authors believe that in the nearest future the students will be more independent regarding selection of the required knowledge at universities, aiming at acquiring individually-oriented knowledge; the complex system of interaction between universities and ambient world demonstrates not only the importance of high-quality educational process but also of professionally arranged information communication channels.
Implementation of electronic platforms in the process of teaching English as a foreign language
Authors: Avdeeva Elena L. , Chikileva Lyudmila S.
Published: May 2021

This research assesses the results of electronic platforms implementation in the process of teaching English at the University and effectiveness of this technology in facilitating English language learning. The paper reports the outcomes of the research targeted to evaluate the enforcement of the electronic platform Rosetta Stone (RS) and its role in terms of academic achievement. For collecting data, we used combined procedures including quantitative as well as qualitative. The quantitative method incorporated students’ responses to statements by means of a paper-based questionnaire. The qualitative element comprised interviews, which the researchers had with their students. Students shared their points of view about their work with RS. Results suggest that the attitude of students towards application of e-learning platform can be taken into consideration as an important component for effective enhancement of the academic program. Special attention is given to personal learning environment (PLE). PLE is considered to be of great importance for developing teaching focused on individual learners. The current study proves integration of electronic platforms with language material can support students in language learning. It gives learners good chances to choose educational content taking into consideration their professional development and the level of foreign language skills and abilities.
Conceptual model for a study of emotional health of the young people in the conditions of the coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Chebykin Oleksiy , Kosyanova Olena , Vinkovska Alina
Published: May 2021

The article reports the results of study of the psychological aspects of the emotional health of the youth in educational process in the coronavirus pandemic conditions. In recent years, the psychological aspects of the personality emotional health are widely studied. In the last studies emotional health is considered on the base of individual characteristics of personality, such as anxiety, aggressiveness, etc. In the presented work the most representative factors linked to the quarantine influence on emotional sphere of personality are taken into account. We ascertain that there are not only negative but also positive tendencies in the influence of pandemic conditions on the emotional state of people. In this work, a conceptual model for the step-by-step study of the psychological aspects of emotional health is proposed. In the process of this study such psychological components of an emotional health as ontogenesis, emotiogenicity, significance, and severity are introduced. The emotional state of students is an important factor determining the effectiveness of the educational process. Accounting for the emotional state can be carried out on the basis of various approaches. This paper focuses on the psychological aspects of the emotional health of students in pandemic conditions.
The introduction of the problem of personal identity in the university course of philosophy
Authors: Olifer Olena
Published: May 2021

The article considers the introduction of the problem of personal identity in the structure of the course of philosophy. The introduction of new material is the attempt to redesign the academic course of philosophy, simultaneously keeping its traditional structure. The problem of personal identity is a topical issue in analytic philosophy. However, it is not much learnt in Ukraine, where academic circles mostly orient to continental philosophy. The paper analyses the subject area of personal identity: its metaphysical status, the nature and conditions of personhood, the possible criteria, and the method of though-experiment. Then, it shows the steps of introducing personal identity in the course of philosophy. The novelty of the article is in the fact that the problem of personal identity is introduced for non-philosophy students for the first time at Ukrainian university course of philosophy.
Self-education and self-management to develop entrepreneurship competence in future professionals
Authors: Alieksieieva Svitlana , Yershova Liudmyla , Kravets Svitlana , Lapshyna Olha , Odnoroh Halyna
Published: May 2021

The relevance of this article lies in the need to improve the process of developing competences future professionals need to develop self-employment skills under the conditions of the socio-economic crisis and the instability of the Ukrainian labour market. The article aims to prove the need for systematic implementation of self-education and self-management technologies in Ukrainian professional education schools to develop entrepreneurship competence in future professionals. Research methods include a survey and an analysis of documentary information. Ukraine strives to increase the importance of young people's readiness for lifelong learning. However, the article finds that most students do not have sufficient psychological knowledge and selfmanagement skills for successful self-development and self-employment. The development of entrepreneurship competence is, for the first time, justified through the systemic implementation of self-education and selfmanagement technologies in the educational process of professional education schools. The article presents a pedagogical technology for developing entrepreneurship competence in future professionals through selfmanagement. Besides, it offers the most effective forms of its introduction (psychology workshops, video lectures, electronic portfolios) and singles out the optimal conditions of their use. The level of the technology's readiness is IRL5 (the efficiency was proven at the level of experimental educational institutions). Success in its implementation depends on the regulatory recognition of the role of the social and humanities-related component in professional education; the incorporation of a self-management course in all programmes for training, retraining and advanced training of psychology and teaching staff; the encouragement of teaching staff to effectively use the described technologies in the educational process; systematic training of students to implement self-education and self-management as the technologies of success.
Modern education technologies: 21stcentury trends and challenges
Authors: Moshinski Viktor , Pozniakovska Nataliia , Mikluha Olesia , Voitko Maksym
Published: May 2021

Since modern technologies produce new global education trends, education prospects redesign, and new opportunities and threats assessments are needed. The new educational technology development phase was researched as an answer to modern world challenges. The strategic priorities of education in the EU are analyzed. New technologies, practices, and related needs: financing, digital integration, accessibility, informational security were studied and generalized. Higher education key trends and their transformation in the context of the COVID-19 crisis new opportunities and threats were researched. The analysis of the seven years of NMC Horizon and other research emerging educational technologies adoption forecasts provided in the research shows significant discrepancies related to extreme uncertainty. Five educational trend groups from the NMC Horizon report 2020 were reviewed. The author defined the remote education tools and their importance on the example of the university providing online/mixed learning. The anonymous polls among lecturers and students performed in the spring of 2020 (just after the COVID-19 quarantine announcement) show the most highly demanded tools are Google Meet, email, specific learning systems such as Moodle. The barriers to fully-fledged remote education are technical problems and occasionally poor Internet connectivity. The participants are quite ready to learn and to use digital tools for education. However, the absence of live communication increases workload during online learning, and other factors arise as the factors lowering student activity. During severe transformation, the main tasks of education are accessibility and diversity.
Modelling of pedagogical technologies on the basis of activity approach
Authors: Steshenko Volodymyr , Velychko Vladyslav , Yashanov Serhii , Vovk Nadiya , Kitova Olha
Published: May 2021

The article identifies the main starting points for modelling pedagogical technologies based on the activity approach, namely: understanding of pedagogical technology as a scientifically sound activity aimed at forming the personality of the learner during the educational process by means of certain educational material; interpretation of pedagogical modelling as a process of creating such a reflection of the educational process that could reproduce a pedagogical object or process and replace it; the result of pedagogical modelling are images, forms of objects of pedagogical design. These are the relevant documents: concepts, state educational standards, curricula and programs, lesson plans, algorithms for action in lessons, diagrams, tables, etc.; drawing up a model of pedagogical technology based on the activity approach is an algorithm of actions, which includes: determining the subject of activity of the teacher and the student, selection of means of their activity, determination of conditions of pedagogical process, establishment of activity results. The generalized algorithm of drawing up of pedagogical technology model on the basis of the activity approach is presented by such steps: definition of a subject of activity for the teacher and the student separately; selection of means of their activity of the teacher; drawing up the process of educational activity of the teacher and the cognitive process of the student; determining the conditions for this process and establishing the results of this activity. The technology of creating a model for the implementation of interdisciplinary links based on the activity approach is represented by two stages: the creation of a model of their content and a model of the implementation process. The result of modelling the content of interdisciplinary links is to set goals for the use of knowledge from one subject in the study of another. The result of modelling the process of realization of interdisciplinary connections is the integral knowledge of the object of study formed in the student.
Fahrkompetenz und Morbus Parkinson
Authors: Andelfinger Vanessa , Weisbrod Matthias , Fritz Michael , Aschenbrenner Steffen
Published: May 2021

Diese Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über die wissenschaftliche Studienlage zum Thema Fahrkompetenz bei Morbus Parkinson. Neben der Darstellung der geltenden Rechtslage erfolgt eine Übersicht über motorische, kognitive, visuelle und dopaminassoziierte Symptome, die Zweifel an der Fahrkompetenz von Parkinson-Patienten begründen können. In diesem Kontext findet eine differenzierte Betrachtung von Fahrverhaltensproben und Fahrsimulatoren statt. Den Abschluss bilden klinische Handlungsempfehlungen für Patienten und Behandler, die Betrachtung medikamentöser Behandlung, operative Behandlungsansätze und neuropsychologische Therapiemöglichkeiten.
Pflege in Zeiten von Digitalisierung, Robotik und künstlicher Intelligenz
Authors: Pleitz Tanja
Published: May 2021

Seit die digitalen Patientenakten vor vielen Jahren Einzug in die Krankenhäuser gehalten haben, ist das Fortschreiten der Technisierung dort nicht mehr aufzuhalten. Autorin Tanja Pleitz hat sich im Rahmen einer Facharbeit mit dem Thema auseinandergesetzt und dafür beim 23. intensiv-Pflegepreis den 1. Platz belegt.
Prone Positioning – Bauchlagerung bei ARDS
Authors: Özlü Ismail
Published: May 2021

Die Bauchlagerung eines beatmeten Patienten soll zu einer Verbesserung des pulmonalen Gasaustauschs führen und die Atemmechanik positiv verändern. Der folgende Beitrag zeigt die Indikationen für eine Bauchlagerung, stellt Nutzen und Risiken gegenüber und gibt praktische Empfehlungen.
Helfen Ohrstöpsel und Schlafmasken?
Authors: Gegenhuber Hans-Joachim
Published: May 2021

Schlaf dient der regelmäßigen Regeneration von Körper und Geist. Ist er gestört, kann das negative Folgen für die Gesundheit haben. Auf Intensivstationen besteht aufgrund kritischer Krankheitszustände in Verbindung mit Schmerzen, Medikamenten und umgebungsbedingten Faktoren wie Lärm und Licht eine erhöhte Tendenz zu schlechter Schlafqualität. Lärm und Licht wurden daher als vermeidbare Einflüsse identifiziert und die Hilfsmittel Ohrstöpsel und Schlafmasken in ihrer Effektivität geprüft.
Psychische Vorerkrankung der Eltern und psychische Probleme bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Clemens Vera , Staab Marlena , Fegert Jörg M.
Published: May 2021

Kinder mit Eltern, die an psychischen Vorerkrankungen leiden, haben ein erhöhtes Risiko, psychische Probleme zu entwickeln. Häufiger als gesunde Elternteile sind psychisch erkrankte Eltern gestresst und belastet durch das Elternsein. Während der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie sind Familien zusätzlich durch Einschränkungen der Pandemie belastet. Diese Studie untersucht deshalb den Zusammenhang zwischen psychischen Vorerkrankungen bei Eltern und psychischen Auffälligkeiten bei Kindern während des ersten Lockdowns der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie. Dafür wurde eine Online-Umfrage während des ersten Lockdowns in Deutschland durchgeführt. Für die Untersuchung wurden die Daten von 687 Eltern minderjähriger Kinder analysiert. Soziodemografische Variablen sowie das Vorhandensein vorherbestehender psychischer Erkrankungen der Teilnehmenden (n = 224, 32,6 %) und deren Einschätzung zu Verhaltensauffälligkeiten ihrer Kinder vor und während des Lockdowns sowie zu dem Coping der Familie mit pandemieassoziierten Herausforderungen wurden untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Kinder mit psychisch erkrankten Eltern sowohl vor als auch während des Lockdowns häufiger Verhaltensauffälligkeiten haben. Psychische Vorerkrankungen bei den Eltern waren assoziiert mit einer weniger erfolgreichen Bewältigung der Herausforderungen der Pandemie bei den Kindern sowie bei der gesamten Familie. Die Daten weisen darauf hin, dass Kinder mit psychisch vorerkrankten Eltern adäquate Behandlungs- und Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten benötigen, um die Belastungen der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie erfolgreich meistern zu können und das Risiko für das Entwickeln von psychischen Problemen zu senken.
Die aktuelle Therapie des asbestassoziierten malignen Pleuramesothelioms – Ein Experten-Konsensuspapier
Authors: Aigner C. , Brüning T. , Eberhardt W. E. E. , Härter M. , Kaelberlah H.-P. , Metzenmacher M. , Shah R. , Taube C. , Thomas M.
Published: May 2021

Asbestverursachte maligne Mesotheliome gehören in Deutschland mit etwa 1000 jährlichen Neuerkrankungen zu den häufigen arbeitsbedingten Krebserkrankungen. Die Prognose ist oftmals schlecht, da die Erkrankung lange symptomlos bleibt und deshalb meist erst als Zufallsbefund in bereits fortgeschrittenen Stadien diagnostiziert wird.

Die deutsche gesetzliche Unfallversicherung (DGUV) hat in den letzten Jahren erhebliche Anstrengungen unternommen, eine Vorverlagerung des Diagnosezeitpunkts zu erreichen, um die Erkrankung möglichst in Frühstadien zu detektieren. Die aus diesen Bestrebungen resultierenden neuen medizinisch-wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse zeigen, dass die Kombination der Biomarker Calretinin und Mesothelin in einer Hochrisikogruppe die Vorverlegung der Diagnose um bis zu 12 Monaten ermöglicht.

Die Diagnose eines Mesothelioms im Frühstadium wird idealerweise von der individuell bestmöglichen Therapie gefolgt. Die Standardtherapie basiert auf operativer Entfernung des Tumors und Chemotherapie, ergänzt um Strahlentherapie und Psychoonkologie. In den letzten Jahren wurden einige neue Therapieansätze entwickelt. Die Übersicht stellt den aktuellen Stand der Therapie des Mesothelioms, basierend auf den internationalen Leitlinien und neuen Studien, dar.