bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cerebral lateralization of praxis in right‐ and left‐handedness: Same pattern, different strength
Authors: Vingerhoets Guy , Acke Frederic , Alderweireldt Ann‐Sofie , Nys Jo , Vandemaele Pieter , Achten Eric
Published: April 2011

We aimed to investigate the effect of hand effector and handedness on the cerebral lateralization of pantomiming learned movements. Fourteen right‐handed and 14 left‐handed volunteers performed unimanual and bimanual tool‐use pantomimes with their dominant or nondominant hand during fMRI. A left hemispheric lateralization was observed in the right‐ and left‐handed group regardless of which hand(s) performed the task. Asymmetry was most marked in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), premotor cortex (PMC), and superior and inferior parietal lobules (SPL and IPL). Unimanual pantomimes did not reveal any significant differences in asymmetric cerebral activation patterns between left‐ and right‐handers. Bimanual pantomimes showed increased left premotor and posterior parietal activation in left‐ and right‐handers. Lateralization indices (LI) of the 10% most active voxels in DLPFC, PMC, SPL, and IPL were calculated for each individual in a contrast that compared all tool versus all control conditions. Left‐handers showed a significantly reduced overall LI compared with right‐handers. This was mainly due to diminished asymmetry in the IPL and SPL. We conclude that the recollection and pantomiming of learned gestures recruits a similar left lateralized activation pattern in right and left‐handed individuals. Handedness only influences the strength (not the side) of the lateralization, with left‐handers showing a reduced degree of asymmetry that is most readily observed over the posterior parietal region. Together with similar findings in language and visual processing, these results point to a lesser hemispheric specialization in left‐handers that may be considered in the cost/benefit assessment to explain the disproportionate handedness polymorphism in humans. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of emotional conditioning on early visual processing: Temporal dynamics revealed by ERP single‐trial analysis
Authors: Liu Yuelu , Keil Andreas , Ding Mingzhou
Published: April 2011

Studies using event‐related potentials (ERPs) have shown that affectively arousing stimuli enhance attention and perception. In addition, simple neutral stimuli, when paired with emotionally engaging unconditioned stimuli (i.e., the CS+) in classical conditioning paradigms, were found to evoke increased sensory responses as learning progresses, compared to responses elicited by the same stimuli not paired with a noxious stimulus (CS−). To date the detailed trial‐to‐trial temporal dynamics of this sensory facilitation process is not known. Signal averaging required for the ERP analysis eliminates trial‐to‐trial information of temporal cortical dynamics. In the current study, a novel single‐trial analysis method called Analysis of Single‐trial ERP and Ongoing activity (ASEO) was adopted to study the detailed electrocortical dynamics of sensory processing during classical aversive conditioning. Focusing on the P1 component of the ERP evoked by simple grating patterns serving as CS+ and CS−, we found that over a session of conditioning trials, there were three phases of P1 amplitude changes for both CS+ and CS−: (1) an initial decrease phase, (2) a subsequent increase phase, and (3) a final habituating phase. Tests on the rates of P1 amplitude changes in each of the three phases between CS+ and CS− conditions revealed differential effects of CS+ and CS− for all three phases. No such effects were found for a session of control trials where the same grating patterns were paired with checkerboards. We interpret these results as providing evidence supporting the view that emotional experience can modulate early visual processing and dynamics of perceptual learning. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Feasibility of transoral robotic‐assisted supraglottic laryngectomy
Authors: Alon Eran E. , Kasperbauer Jan L. , Olsen Kerry D. , Moore Eric J.
Published: April 2011

Background

We aimed to describe our experience with transoral robotic‐assisted supraglottic laryngectomy.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who underwent transoral robotic‐assisted supraglottic laryngectomy at our institution between May 2007 and November 2008.

Results

During the study period, 7 patients with malignancy underwent the procedure (4 men, 3 women; average age, 61 years). All tumors were completely resected, with clear margins on pathologic analysis. Six patients underwent neck dissection at the time of transoral surgery. One intraoperative complication occurred: thermal injury to the anterior cervical skin. Four patients underwent primary tracheotomy tube placement, 3 of whom were decannulated without difficulty. Two patients required long‐term gastrostomy tubes while receiving adjuvant radiotherapy.

Conclusions

Supraglottic malignancies can be successfully resected transorally with robotic assistance. The potential benefits of this method are improved access and visualization. Further long‐term follow‐up is needed to compare oncologic and functional outcomes with those of current approaches. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Multimodality therapeutic outcomes In anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: Improved survival in subgroups of patients with localized primary tumors
Authors: Ito Ken‐ichi , Hanamura Toru , Murayama Koichi , Okada Toshihiro , Watanabe Takayuki , Harada Michihiko , Ito Tokiko , Koyama Hiroshi , Kanai Toshiharu , Maeno Kazuma , Mochizuki Yasuhiro , Amano Jun
Published: April 2011

Background

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of a multimodality treatment for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC).

Methods

Clinical data of 40 consecutive patients treated between 1985 and 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

The median survival time (MST) stratified by clinical stage was 6.0 months for stage IVB and 4.2 months for stage IVC. When the stage IVB patients were classified into 2 groups (IVB‐a and IVB‐b) in accord with the extent of involvement of the tumor, the MST of the patients with IVB‐a (9.6 months) was significantly longer than that of patients with IVB‐b (4.0 months) (p < .05). The MST of the patients treated with surgery followed by radiation and chemotherapy (13.7 months) tended to be longer compared with the patients treated with 2 or fewer modalities.

Conclusion

The patients with a less‐invasive primary tumor may gain a survival benefit from aggressive multimodality therapeutic approaches. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Laser surgery for early to moderately advanced glottic, supraglottic, and hypopharyngeal cancers
Authors: Suárez Carlos , Rodrigo Juan P. , Silver Carl E. , Hartl Dana M. , Takes Robert P. , Rinaldo Alessandra , Strojan Primozõ , Ferlito Alfio
Published: April 2011

Current practice standards for the treatment of early to moderately advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer demand both achievement of cure and preservation of laryngeal structure and function to the greatest extent possible. The oncologic and functional results of transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) for early glottic cancer appear to be comparable to those of radiotherapy, with a higher rate of laryngeal preservation and a lower cost. TLM for early and moderately advanced supraglottic and hypopharyngeal cancers offers similar results with regard to survival and local control to those obtained with open surgical approaches. In addition, functional results of TLM are superior to those of open approaches because tracheotomies are usually avoided, rehabilitation of swallowing is faster, and hospital stay is shorter. TLM, when applicable, has become the preferred modality for surgical treatment of most early to moderately advanced cancers of the larynx and selected tumors of the hypopharynx. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Distinct DNA methylation patterns in cirrhotic liver and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ammerpohl Ole , Pratschke Johann , Schafmayer Clemens , Haake Andrea , Faber Wladimir , von Kampen Oliver , Brosch Mario , Sipos Bence , von Schönfels Witigo , Balschun Katharina , Röcken Christoph , Arlt Alexander , Schniewind Bodo , Grauholm Jonas , Kalthoff Holger , Neuhaus Peter , Stickel Felix , Schreiber Stefan , Becker Thomas , Siebert Reiner , Hampe Jochen
Published: April 2011

Abberrant DNA methylation is one of the hallmarks of cancerogenesis. Our study aims to delineate differential DNA methylation in cirrhosis and hepatic cancerogenesis. Patterns of methylation of 27,578 individual CpG loci in 12 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), 15 cirrhotic controls and 12 normal liver samples were investigated using an array‐based technology. A supervised principal component analysis (PCA) revealed 167 hypomethylated loci and 100 hypermethylated loci in cirrhosis and HCC as compared to normal controls. Thus, these loci show a “cirrhotic” methylation pattern that is maintained in HCC. In pairwise supervised PCAs between normal liver, cirrhosis and HCC, eight loci were significantly changed in all analyses differentiating the three groups (p < 0.0001). Of these, five loci showed highest methylation levels in HCC and lowest in control tissue (LOC55908, CELSR1, CRMP1, GNRH2, ALOX12 and ANGPTL7), whereas two loci showed the opposite direction of change (SPRR3 and TNFSF15). Genes hypermethylated between normal liver to cirrhosis, which maintain this methylation pattern during the development of HCC, are depleted for CpG islands, high CpG content promoters and polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) targets in embryonic stem cells. In contrast, genes selectively hypermethylated in HCC as compared to nonmalignant samples showed an enrichment of CpG islands, high CpG content promoters and PRC2 target genes (p < 0.0001). Cirrhosis and HCC show distinct patterns of differential methylation with regards to promoter structure, PRC2 targets and CpG islands.
A preclinical algorithm of soluble surrogate biomarkers that correlate with therapeutic inhibition of the MET oncogene in gastric tumors
Authors: Torti Davide , Sassi Francesco , Galimi Francesco , Gastaldi Stefania , Perera Timothy , Comoglio Paolo M. , Trusolino Livio , Bertotti Andrea
Published: April 2011

The MET oncogene is amplified in a fraction of human gastric carcinoma cell lines, with consequent overexpression and constitutive activation of the corresponding protein product, the Met tyrosine kinase receptor. This genetically driven hyperactivation of Met is necessary for cancer cell growth and survival, so that Met pharmacological blockade results in cell‐cycle arrest or apoptosis (oncogene addiction). MET gene amplification also occurs in vivo in a number of human gastric carcinomas, and clinical trials are now ongoing to assess the therapeutic efficacy of Met inhibitors in this type of malignancy. The aim of our study was to identify a preclinical algorithm of soluble surrogate biomarkers indicative of response to Met inhibition in gastric tumors, as a potential tool to integrate imaging criteria during patient follow‐up. We started from a survey of candidate molecules based on antibody proteomics and gene expression profiling; after ELISA validation and analytical quantification, four biomarkers were identified that appeared to be strongly and consistently modulated by Met inhibition in a panel of Met‐addicted gastric carcinoma cell lines, but not in Met‐independent cell lines. Pharmacologic blockade of Met using specific small‐molecule inhibitors led to reduced secretion of IL‐8, GROα and the soluble form of uPAR and to increased production of IL‐6 both in vitro (in culture supernatants) and in vivo (in the plasma of xenografted mice). If confirmed in patients, this information might prove useful to monitor clinical response to Met‐targeted therapies in MET‐amplified gastric carcinomas.
Epigenetic repression of regulator of G‐protein signaling 2 promotes androgen‐independent prostate cancer cell growth
Authors: Wolff Dennis W. , Xie Yan , Deng Caishu , Gatalica Zoran , Yang Mingjie , Wang Bo , Wang Jincheng , Lin Ming‐Fong , Abel Peter W. , Tu Yaping
Published: April 2011

G‐protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR)‐stimulated androgen‐independent activation of androgen receptor (AR) contributes to acquisition of a hormone‐refractory phenotype by prostate cancer. We previously reported that regulator of G‐protein signaling (RGS) 2, an inhibitor of GPCRs, inhibits androgen‐independent AR activation (Cao et al., Oncogene 2006;25:3719‐34). Here, we show reduced RGS2 protein expression in human prostate cancer specimens compared to adjacent normal or hyperplastic tissue. Methylation‐specific PCR analysis and bisulfite sequencing indicated that methylation of the CpG island in the RGS2 gene promoter correlated with RGS2 downregulation in prostate cancer. In vitro methylation of this promoter suppressed reporter gene expression in transient transfection studies, whereas reversal of this promoter methylation with 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5‐Aza‐dC) induced RGS2 reexpression in androgen‐independent prostate cancer cells and inhibited their growth under androgen‐deficient conditions. Interestingly, the inhibitory effect of 5‐Aza‐dC was significantly reduced by an RGS2‐targeted short hairpin RNA, indicating that reexpressed RGS2 contributed to this growth inhibition. Restoration of RGS2 levels by ectopic expression in androgen‐independent prostate cancer cells suppressed growth of xenografts in castrated mice. Thus, RGS2 promoter hypermethylation represses its expression and unmasks a latent pathway for AR transactivation in prostate cancer cells. Targeting this reversible process may provide a new strategy for suppressing prostate cancer progression by reestablishing its androgen sensitivity.
Farnesylthiosalicylic acid (salirasib) inhibits Rheb in TSC2‐null ELT3 cells: A potential treatment for lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Authors: Makovski Victoria , Haklai Roni , Kloog Yoel
Published: April 2011

The small GTPase proteins, Ras and Rheb, serve as molecular switches regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Ras also regulates Rheb by inactivating the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), which includes products of the TSC1 and TSC2 genes encoding hamartin (TSC1) and tuberin (TSC2), respectively, and acts as a Rheb‐specific GTPase‐activating protein. Loss of function of TSC1 or TSC2 results in an increase in active Rheb.GTP with the consequent translational abnormalities and excessive cell proliferation characteristic of the genetic disorders, tuberous sclerosis and lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). To determine whether inactivation of Rheb, Ras or both might be a potential treatment for LAM, we used TSC2‐null ELT3 cells as a LAM model. The cells were treated with the Ras inhibitor S‐trans,trans‐farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS; salirasib), which mimics the C‐terminal S‐farnesyl cysteine common to Ras and Rheb. This C‐terminus is critical for their attachment to cellular membranes and for their biological activities. Untreated, the ELT3 cells expressed significant amounts of Rheb but little Ras.GTP, and this phenotype was reversed by TSC2 reexpression. Treatment with FTS decreased Ras.GTP only slightly in the TSC2‐null cells, but reduced their overactive Rheb as well as their proliferation, migration and tumor growth. Notably, TSC2 reexpression in these ELT3 cells rescued them from the inhibitory effect of FTS. Evidently, therefore, FTS blocks active Rheb in TSC2‐null ELT3 cells and may have therapeutic potential for LAM.
Methylseleninic acid downregulates hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α in invasive prostate cancer
Authors: Sinha Indu , Null Kevin , Wolter William , Suckow Mark A. , King Tonya , Pinto John T. , Sinha Raghu
Published: April 2011

Alternative strategies are needed to control growth of advanced and hormone refractory prostate cancer. In this regard, we investigated the efficacy of methylseleninic acid (MSeA), a penultimate precursor to the highly reactive selenium metabolite, methylselenol, to inhibit growth of invasive and hormone refractory rat (PAIII) and human (PC‐3 and PC‐3M) prostate cancer cells. Our results demonstrate that MSeA inhibits PAIII cell growth in vitro as well as reduces weights of tumors generated by PAIII cells treated ex vivo. A significant reduction in the number of metastatic lung foci by MSeA treatment was also noted in Lobund‐Wistar rats. The PAIII cells along with PC‐3, DU145 and PC‐3M cells undergo apoptosis after MSeA treatments in both normoxia and hypoxia. Treatment of metastatic rat and human prostate cancer cell lines with MSeA decreased hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) levels in a dose‐dependent manner. Additionally, HIF‐1α transcription activity both in normoxic and hypoxic conditions is reduced after MSeA treatment of prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, VEGF and GLUT1, downstream targets of HIF‐1α, were also reduced in prostate cancer cells after MSeA treatment. Our study illustrates the efficacy of MSeA in controlling growth of hormone refractory prostate cancer by downregulating HIF‐1α, which is possibly occurring through stabilization or increase in prolyl hydroxylase activity.
The novel DNA alkylating agent BO‐1090 suppresses the growth of human oral cavity cancer in xenografted and orthotopic mouse models
Authors: Sanjiv Kumar , Su Tsann‐Long , Suman Sharda , Kakadiya Rajesh , Lai Tsung‐Ching , Wang Hsuan‐Yao , Hsiao Michael , Lee Te‐Chang
Published: April 2011

Oral cancer is the fourth‐most common cause of death in males and overall the sixth‐most common cause of cancer death in Taiwan. Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy combined with other therapies are the most common treatments for oral cavity cancer. Although cisplatin, 5‐fluorouracil and docetaxel are commonly used clinically, there is no drug specific for oral cavity cancer. Here, we demonstrated that derivatives of 3a‐aza‐cyclopenta[a]indene, a class of newly synthesized alkylating agents, may be drugs more specific for oral cancer based on its potent in vitro cytotoxicity to oral cancer cells and on in vivo xenografts. Among them, BO‐1090, bis(hydroxymethyl)‐3a‐aza‐cyclopenta[a]indene derivative, targeted DNA for its cytotoxic effects as shown by inhibition of DNA synthesis (bromodeoxyuridine‐based DNA synthesis assay), induction of DNA crosslinking (alkaline gel shift assay), and induction of DNA single‐stranded breaks (Comet assay) and double‐stranded breaks (γ‐H2AX focus formation). Following DNA damage, BO‐1090 induced G1/S‐phase arrest and apoptosis in oral cancer cell lines. The therapeutic potential of BO‐1090 was tested in mice that received a xenograft of oral cavity cancer cell lines (SAS or Cal 27 cells). Intravenous injection of BO‐1090 significantly suppressed tumor growth in comparison to control mice. BO‐1090 also significantly reduced the tumor burden in orthotopic mouse models using SAS cells. There was no significant adverse effect of BO‐1090 treatment with this dosage based on whole blood count, biochemical enzyme profiles in plasma and histopathology of various organs in mouse. Taken together, our current results demonstrate that B0‐1090 may have potential as a treatment for oral cavity cancer.
The toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) ‐196 to ‐174 del/ins polymorphism affects viral loads and susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Nischalke Hans‐Dieter , Coenen Martin , Berger Cordula , Aldenhoff Katharina , Müller Tobias , Berg Thomas , Krämer Benjamin , Körner Christian , Odenthal Margarete , Schulze Falko , Grünhage Frank , Nattermann Jacob , Sauerbruch Tilman , Spengler Ulrich
Published: April 2011

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCV proteins core and NS3 can bind to toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) and trigger inflammatory responses. Polymorphisms in the TLR2 gene predispose to various forms of malignancy but have not been studied in HCV‐associated HCC. Here, we investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs4696480, rs5743708, rs5743704 and the ‐196 to ‐174 del/ins polymorphism of the TLR2 gene affect the risk for HCC in chronic hepatitis C. The study involved 189 and 192 HCV genotype 1 infected patients with and without HCC, respectively, as well as 347 healthy controls. TLR2 alleles were determined by hybridization probe assays and allele‐specific short fragment polymerase chain reaction on a LightCycler system. All TLR2 polymorphisms matched the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in each study group. Although TLR2 SNPs showed no effect, the frequency of the TLR2 ‐196 to ‐174 del allele was significantly higher in patients with HCV‐associated HCC (22.5%) than in HCV‐infected patients without HCC (15.6%, p = 0.016) and healthy controls (15.3%, p = 0.003). HCV‐infected carriers of a TLR2 ‐196 to ‐174 del allele had significantly higher HCV viral loads than TLR2 ‐196 to ‐174 ins/ins homozygous patients (p = 0.031). Finally, in carriers of the TLR2 ‐196 to ‐174 del allele, stimulation of monocytes resulted in significantly lower TLR2 expression levels and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) induction than in individuals with the TLR2 ‐196 to ‐174 ins/ins genotype (p < 0.05). Our data suggest the TLR2 ‐196 to ‐174 del allele to affect HCV viral loads and to increase the risk for HCC in HCV genotype1‐infected patients.
MDAnalysis: A toolkit for the analysis of molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Michaud‐Agrawal Naveen , Denning Elizabeth J. , Woolf Thomas B. , Beckstein Oliver
Published: April 2011

MDAnalysis is an object‐oriented library for structural and temporal analysis of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation trajectories and individual protein structures. It is written in the Python language with some performance‐critical code in C. It uses the powerful NumPy package to expose trajectory data as fast and efficient NumPy arrays. It has been tested on systems of millions of particles. Many common file formats of simulation packages including CHARMM, Gromacs, Amber, and NAMD and the Protein Data Bank format can be read and written. Atoms can be selected with a syntax similar to CHARMM's powerful selection commands. MDAnalysis enables both novice and experienced programmers to rapidly write their own analytical tools and access data stored in trajectories in an easily accessible manner that facilitates interactive explorative analysis. MDAnalysis has been tested on and works for most Unix‐based platforms such as Linux and Mac OS X. It is freely available under the GNU General Public License from http://mdanalysis.googlecode.com. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2011
Calculation of free energy landscapes: A histogram reweighted metadynamics approach
Authors: Smiatek Jens , Heuer Andreas
Published: April 2011

We present an efficient method for the calculation of free energy landscapes. Our approach involves a history‐dependent bias potential, which is evaluated on a grid. The corresponding free energy landscape is constructed via a histogram reweighting procedure a posteriori. Because of the presence of the bias potential, it can be also used to accelerate rare events. In addition, the calculated free energy landscape is not restricted to the actual choice of collective variables and can in principle be extended to auxiliary variables of interest without further numerical effort. The applicability is shown for several examples. We present numerical results for the alanine dipeptide and the Met‐Enkephalin in explicit solution to illustrate our approach. Furthermore, we derive an empirical formula that allows the prediction of the computational cost for the ordinary metadynamics variant in comparison with our approach, which is validated by a dimensionless representation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Intra‐ and interobserver variability of 2D and 3D transvaginal sonography in the diagnosis of benign versus malignant adnexal masses
Authors: Pascual Maria A. , Graupera Betlem , Hereter Lourdes , Rotili Anna , Rodriguez Ignacio , Alcázar Juan Luis
Published: April 2011

Purpose.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the intraobserver and interobserver agreements in the diagnosis of malignant versus benign adnexal masses using two‐dimensional ultrasonography (2D US) and three‐dimensional ultrasonography (3D US).

Methods.

Two experienced sonographers performed a retrospective review of digitally stored 2D images and 3D data from a sample of 41 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of adnexal mass. Each observer independently, and blinded to each other, evaluated the 2D static images of each adnexal mass and then the 3D volumes 1 week later. The observers were required to classify the adnexal lesion as benign or malignant according to pattern recognition analysis. Intraobserver and interobserver agreement were assessed by calculating the kappa index (κ).

Results.

Intraobserver agreement between 2D US and 3D US for the observer A was 1.00 and for the observer B was 0.69. Interobserver agreement was 0.69 for 2D US and 1.00 for 3D US (p > 0.05)

Conclusions.

Although 3D US in the diagnosis of adnexal masses appeared more reproducible than 2D US, the difference was not statistically significant. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011;
Periovulatory follicular volume and vascularization determined by 3D and power Doppler sonography as pregnancy predictors in intrauterine insemination cycles
Authors: Engels Virginia , Sanfrutos Luis , Perez‐Medina Tirso , Alvarez Pilar , Zapardiel Ignacio , Godoy‐Tundidor Sonia , Salazar Francisco J. , Troyano Juan , Bajo‐Arenas Jose M.
Published: April 2011

Purpose.

To evaluate the relationship between volume and vascularization of the periovulatory follicle and subfollicular area measured by three‐dimensional power Doppler ultrasound (US), and ovulation and pregnancy in patients undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI).

Methods.

We studied 79 consecutive cycles of IUI on hCG administration day. We measured the periovulatory follicle and subfollicular area by means of three‐dimensional power Doppler US. The stored volumes were processed with the VOCAL image processing software to calculate the volume of the follicle and the following vascular indices: vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), and vascularization flow index (VFI).

Results.

The follicular volume was higher in anovulatory cycles (7.7 ± 3.7 cubic centimeters (CC) versus 4.1 ± 2.0 CC; p < 0.001). There was no difference between the follicular volumes in cycles with or without subsequent pregnancy. The vascular indices of the follicle did not differ significantly between ovulatory and anovulatory cycles, and between cycles that did and did not achieve pregnancy. Periovulatory subfollicular VI and VFI were lower in women who became pregnant (VI: 2.9 ± 2.3% versus 5.6 ± 4.6%; p < 0.05, and VFI: 1.1 ± 0.8 versus 2.2 ± 2.2; p < 0.01).

Conclusions.

High values of follicular volume were associated with anovulatory cycles. Subfollicular VI and VFI might be used as markers of follicular quality and pregnancy predictors. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2011;
Thrombus in transit within a patent foramen ovale: An argument for consideration of prophylactic closure?
Authors: Chow Vincent , Wang William , Wilson Michael , Yiannikas John
Published: April 2011

Recurrent pulmonary embolism (PE) in prothrombotic patients with patent foramen ovale (PFO) is not considered a setting for elective PFO closure. We describe a 35‐year‐old woman with known PFO, recurrent PE on warfarin, and Klippel‐Trenaunay syndrome—a condition with predisposition for thromboembolism—who suffered concurrent saddle PE and devastating stroke with further impending paradoxical embolus across the PFO. Optimal management in patients with biatrial thromboembolus caught in transit across PFO is challenging. Patients with recurrent PE, prothrombotic states, and PFO should be considered for PFO closure. Prompt diagnosis of impending paradoxical embolus with echocardiography and consideration of surgical removal and PFO closure are critical. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 40:115–118, 2012
Angiosarcoma of the ovary arising in a mucinous cystadenoma
Authors: Aragon Lorenzo , Terreros Daniel , Ho Hoi , Greenberg Harvey , Kupesic Plavsic Sanja
Published: April 2011

We report the case of a 39‐year‐old woman who presented with a pelvic mass extending into the upper abdomen. Transabdominal sonography revealed a complex left adnexal mass. Color Doppler imaging and spectral Doppler analysis showed increased vascularity with low impedance blood flow signals, suggestive of neovascularization. The patient underwent a laparotomy and a 56‐kg predominantly cystic tumor was removed from the left adnexal region. The patient died 3 months later with pulmonary metastases and massive pulmonary hemorrhage. Postmortem resampling of the ovarian tumor initially diagnosed as mucinous cystadenoma showed nodular areas of malignant pleomorphic cells consistent with angiosarcoma. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011;
Myopericytoma of the neck: Sonographic appearance and sonographically guided needle biopsy
Authors: Rho Byung Hak , Lee Sang Kwon , Kwon Sun Young
Published: April 2011

We report the imaging and pathologic findings of a case of myopericytoma of the neck in a 70‐year‐old woman, which was diagnosed by ultrasound‐guided core‐needle biopsy. The mass demonstrated homogeneous intense enhancement on contrast‐enhanced CT and was markedly hypervascular on power Doppler sonography. The histopathological findings of the core biopsy were consistent with myopericytoma. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011;
An efficient one‐pot synthesis of pyridazinones and phthalazinones using HY‐zeolite
Authors: Zare Leila , Mahmoodi Nosratollah , Yahyazadeh Asieh , Mamaghani Manouchehr , Tabatabaeian Khalil
Published: April 2011

The first one‐pot synthesis of pyridazinones and phthalazinones from arenes, cyclic anhydrides, and ArNHNH2 in the presence of efficient recyclable heterogeneous catalyst, HY‐zeolite, in high yield and short reaction time is reported. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
The dissociation constants of diprotonated chalcogenobispyridines: Transmission of electronic effects across chalcogen bridges
Authors: Angus‐Dunne Sarah J. , Dunne Simon J.
Published: April 2011

The dissociation constants of the diprotonated chalcogenobispyridines have been determined using potentiometric titrations to establish a method for the measurement of the ability of a bridging ligand to relay electronic effects. The relationship between pKa and structure of the chalcogenobispyridines results from a balance between inductive, mesomeric, and steric effects. Delocalization of cationic charge onto the bridgehead increases the apparent electronegativity of the bridging atom, thereby relaying a strong base‐weakening effect to the site of first deprotonation. Such delocalization was found to be a function of both the substitution site (4‐X > 2‐X ≫ 3‐X) and orbital overlap requirements (S > O ≈ Se > Te). J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel series of 2‐(p‐tolyloxy)‐3‐(5‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)quinoline
Authors: Joshi Ratnadeep S. , Mandhane Priyanka G. , Khan Wajid , Gill Charansingh H.
Published: April 2011

A new series of 2‐(p‐tolyloxy)‐3‐(5‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)quinoline were synthesized from oxidative cyclization of N′‐((2‐(p‐tolyloxy)quinoline‐3‐yl)methylene)isonicotinohydrazide in DMSO/I2 at reflux condition for 3–4 h. The structures of the new compounds were confirmed by elemental analyses as well as IR, 1H‐NMR, and mass spectral data. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activities against various bacterial strains. Several of these compounds showed potential antibacterial activity. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Synthesis and in vitro antibacterial assessment of novel chromones featuring 1,2,4‐oxadiazole
Authors: Diwakar Santosh D. , Joshi Ratnadeep S. , Gill Charansing H.
Published: April 2011

In search for a new antibacterial agent with improved antimicrobial spectrum and potency, we designed and synthesized a series of novel 3‐((Z)‐2‐(5‐methyl‐1,2,4‐oxadiazol‐3‐yl)‐2‐(4‐nitrophenyl)vinyl)‐4H‐chromen‐4‐ones 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7e, 7f, 7g, 7h by convergent synthesis approach. All the synthesized compounds were assayed for their in vitro antibacterial activities against gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria. The preliminary structure‐activity relationship to elucidate the essential structure requirements for the antimicrobial activity has been described. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Women in grassroots leadership: Barriers and biases experienced in a membership organization dominated by men
Authors: Kaufman Eric K. , Grace Pat E.
Published: April 2011

Among governing boards traditionally dominated by men, the presence of women is becoming more common. However, these women may face prejudices and discrimination that prevent them from feeling and ultimately being successful. This qualitative study focused on the experiences of women who participated in a grassroots organization's leadership training program. Interviewees revealed that they believed gender‐related obstacles were preventing them from being effective leaders. Four significant themes emerged: persisting stereotypes and bias, separation and isolation, desire for change, and potential for added value. In response, the authors recommend organizations and practitioners engage in more intentional and complete implementation of path‐goal theory throughout the leadership development process.
The effect of personality on virtual communications in warfare
Authors: Nimon Harry I. , Graham George J.
Published: April 2011

Individuals and corporations worldwide are increasing their use of computer‐mediated‐communications (CMC) systems and processes. Such endeavors are shortening lines of communications, yet simultaneously distancing understanding. Winston Churchill once opined that the British and the Americans are two great peoples separated by a common language. Some relate aspects of culture as the source of Churchill's quote. Separating factors may be more engrained than was previously believed or theorized. The authors examined a high‐stress setting in which the trappings of culture disappear leaving only the basic emotional and cognitive survival aspects of personality: the environment of military combat. The study examined the relationship of an individual's ability to function efficiently using virtual communications and processes while under extreme stress. Observing the results of the study's individual‐environment relations raise the question of whether personality is a factor in virtual team efficiency.
Leadership in extreme contexts: A groupthink analysis of the May 1996 Mount Everest disaster
Authors: Burnette Jeni L. , Pollack Jeffrey M. , Forsyth Donelson R.
Published: April 2011

Groupthink, as traditionally conceived, is a failure in group decision making that occurs in highly cohesive groups. In the current case study, we propose an alternative potential form of groupthink in which the group's cohesiveness results from the shared pursuit of a collective goal rather than from strong interpersonal bonds between members. Our model, recognizing the multifaceted nature of cohesion, assumes that a group whose members are united in pursuit of a valued collective goal while guided by a directive leader may experience breakdowns in the decision process. Specifically, drawing on reviews of personal accounts, media descriptions, online interviews, and past empirical papers, we propose that the May 1996 Mount Everest disaster can be understood in part from a groupthink perspective. Applications for the proposed model are discussed, along with implications for leaders seeking to improve organizational decision‐making practices.
The role of technology in transforming higher education
Authors: Davidson Phillip
Published: April 2011

More than 100 years ago, John Dewey, a major influence in American education, argued for the need to “stimulate the spirit of inquiry into actual fact” (Dewey, 2002, p. 118). The debate among politicians and educators about the structure, purpose, and goals of education and inquiry continues. Yet the world has changed, largely because of widely accessible and versatile technologies. We are unclear how Dewey's spirit of inquiry will grow, die, or reinvent itself through boundaryless tools of inquiry such as the Internet, but the technology is here and will not disappear while educators debate best methods.

Twenty‐first‐century society demands new ways to learn and understand, and these new ways of learning require new ways of teaching (McPheeters, 2009/2010). For many students, especially the younger generations, technology intertwines with almost all daily activities, including social contact. Many educators lag behind the technological curve and express frustration at the challenge to shift their educational paradigms toward increasingly technological means of communication and interaction, or entertain “virtual realities” as legitimate educational forums.

The purpose of this symposium is to examine the role of technology in transforming higher education.
The goal is to seek best methods of using technology more effectively to educate learners for the 21st century. The shifts in society's focus and the characteristics of learners going into the future are also critical, and part of this discussion.
Transformative educational technologies: An interview with Chris Dede
Authors: Radda Henry T.
Published: April 2011

More than 100 years ago, John Dewey, a major influence in American education, argued for the need to “stimulate the spirit of inquiry into actual fact” (Dewey, 2002, p. 118). The debate among politicians and educators about the structure, purpose, and goals of education and inquiry continues. Yet the world has changed, largely because of widely accessible and versatile technologies. We are unclear how Dewey's spirit of inquiry will grow, die, or reinvent itself through boundaryless tools of inquiry such as the Internet, but the technology is here and will not disappear while educators debate best methods.

Twenty‐first‐century society demands new ways to learn and understand, and these new ways of learning require new ways of teaching (McPheeters, 2009/2010). For many students, especially the younger generations, technology intertwines with almost all daily activities, including social contact. Many educators lag behind the technological curve and express frustration at the challenge to shift their educational paradigms toward increasingly technological means of communication and interaction, or entertain “virtual realities” as legitimate educational forums.

The purpose of this symposium is to examine the role of technology in transforming higher education.
The goal is to seek best methods of using technology more effectively to educate learners for the 21st century. The shifts in society's focus and the characteristics of learners going into the future are also critical, and part of this discussion.
New technologies, new pedagogies: Finding the grail in higher education
Authors: Spires Hiller A. , Hervey Lisa G.
Published: April 2011

More than 100 years ago, John Dewey, a major influence in American education, argued for the need to “stimulate the spirit of inquiry into actual fact” (Dewey, 2002, p. 118). The debate among politicians and educators about the structure, purpose, and goals of education and inquiry continues. Yet the world has changed, largely because of widely accessible and versatile technologies. We are unclear how Dewey's spirit of inquiry will grow, die, or reinvent itself through boundaryless tools of inquiry such as the Internet, but the technology is here and will not disappear while educators debate best methods.

Twenty‐first‐century society demands new ways to learn and understand, and these new ways of learning require new ways of teaching (McPheeters, 2009/2010). For many students, especially the younger generations, technology intertwines with almost all daily activities, including social contact. Many educators lag behind the technological curve and express frustration at the challenge to shift their educational paradigms toward increasingly technological means of communication and interaction, or entertain “virtual realities” as legitimate educational forums.

The purpose of this symposium is to examine the role of technology in transforming higher education.
The goal is to seek best methods of using technology more effectively to educate learners for the 21st century. The shifts in society's focus and the characteristics of learners going into the future are also critical, and part of this discussion.
Leadership in educational technology: Insights from the corporate world
Authors: Gomes Wendy
Published: April 2011

More than 100 years ago, John Dewey, a major influence in American education, argued for the need to “stimulate the spirit of inquiry into actual fact” (Dewey, 2002, p. 118). The debate among politicians and educators about the structure, purpose, and goals of education and inquiry continues. Yet the world has changed, largely because of widely accessible and versatile technologies. We are unclear how Dewey's spirit of inquiry will grow, die, or reinvent itself through boundaryless tools of inquiry such as the Internet, but the technology is here and will not disappear while educators debate best methods.

Twenty‐first‐century society demands new ways to learn and understand, and these new ways of learning require new ways of teaching (McPheeters, 2009/2010). For many students, especially the younger generations, technology intertwines with almost all daily activities, including social contact. Many educators lag behind the technological curve and express frustration at the challenge to shift their educational paradigms toward increasingly technological means of communication and interaction, or entertain “virtual realities” as legitimate educational forums.

The purpose of this symposium is to examine the role of technology in transforming higher education.
The goal is to seek best methods of using technology more effectively to educate learners for the 21st century. The shifts in society's focus and the characteristics of learners going into the future are also critical, and part of this discussion.
The role of technology in transforming higher education
Authors: Eberwein Dale H.
Published: April 2011

More than 100 years ago, John Dewey, a major influence in American education, argued for the need to “stimulate the spirit of inquiry into actual fact” (Dewey, 2002, p. 118). The debate among politicians and educators about the structure, purpose, and goals of education and inquiry continues. Yet the world has changed, largely because of widely accessible and versatile technologies. We are unclear how Dewey's spirit of inquiry will grow, die, or reinvent itself through boundaryless tools of inquiry such as the Internet, but the technology is here and will not disappear while educators debate best methods.

Twenty‐first‐century society demands new ways to learn and understand, and these new ways of learning require new ways of teaching (McPheeters, 2009/2010). For many students, especially the younger generations, technology intertwines with almost all daily activities, including social contact. Many educators lag behind the technological curve and express frustration at the challenge to shift their educational paradigms toward increasingly technological means of communication and interaction, or entertain “virtual realities” as legitimate educational forums.

The purpose of this symposium is to examine the role of technology in transforming higher education.
The goal is to seek best methods of using technology more effectively to educate learners for the 21st century. The shifts in society's focus and the characteristics of learners going into the future are also critical, and part of this discussion.
Epilogue
Authors: Davidson Phillip
Published: April 2011

More than 100 years ago, John Dewey, a major influence in American education, argued for the need to “stimulate the spirit of inquiry into actual fact” (Dewey, 2002, p. 118). The debate among politicians and educators about the structure, purpose, and goals of education and inquiry continues. Yet the world has changed, largely because of widely accessible and versatile technologies. We are unclear how Dewey's spirit of inquiry will grow, die, or reinvent itself through boundaryless tools of inquiry such as the Internet, but the technology is here and will not disappear while educators debate best methods.

Twenty‐first‐century society demands new ways to learn and understand, and these new ways of learning require new ways of teaching (McPheeters, 2009/2010). For many students, especially the younger generations, technology intertwines with almost all daily activities, including social contact. Many educators lag behind the technological curve and express frustration at the challenge to shift their educational paradigms toward increasingly technological means of communication and interaction, or entertain “virtual realities” as legitimate educational forums.

The purpose of this symposium is to examine the role of technology in transforming higher education.
The goal is to seek best methods of using technology more effectively to educate learners for the 21st century. The shifts in society's focus and the characteristics of learners going into the future are also critical, and part of this discussion.
The functional morphology of the anterior masticatory apparatus in tree‐gouging marmosets (cebidae, primates)
Authors: Hogg Russell T. , Ravosa Matthew J. , Ryan Timothy M. , Vinyard Christopher J.
Published: April 2011

Although all genera of Callitrichinae feed on tree exudates, marmosets (Callithrix and Cebuella) use specialized anterior teeth to gouge holes in trees and actively stimulate exudate flow. Behavioral studies demonstrate that marmosets use large jaw gapes but do not appear to generate large bite forces (relative to maximal ability) during gouging. Nonetheless, the anterior teeth of marmosets likely experience different loads during gouging compared to nongouging platyrrhines. We use histological data from sectioned teeth, μCTs of jaws and teeth, and in vitro tests of symphyseal strength to compare the anterior masticatory apparatus in Callithrix to nongouging tamarins (Saguinus) and other cebids. We test the hypotheses that (1) marmoset anterior teeth are adapted to accommodate relatively high stresses linked to dissipating gouging forces and (2) the mandibular symphysis does not provide increased load resistance ability compared with closely related nongouging platyrrhines. Differences in decussation between Callithrix and Saguinus are greatest in the anterior teeth, suggesting an increased load resistance ability specifically in incisor and canine enamel of Callithrix. Callithrix lower incisor crowns are labiolingually thicker suggesting increased bending resistance in this plane and improved wedging ability compared with Saguinus. Anterior tooth roots are larger relative to symphyseal bone volume in Callithrix. Anterior tooth root surface areas also are larger in marmosets for their symphyseal volume, but it remains unclear whether this relative increase is an adaptation for dissipating dental stresses versus a growth‐related byproduct of relatively elongated incisors. Finally, simulated jaw loading suggests a reduced ability to withstand external forces in the Callithrix symphysis. The contrast between increased load resistance ability in the anterior dentition versus relatively reduced symphyseal strength (1) suggests a complex loading environment during gouging, (2) highlights the possibility of distinct loading patterns in the anterior teeth versus the symphysis, and (3) points to a potential mosaic pattern of dentofacial adaptations to tree gouging. J. Morphol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.