bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Minor Sr Addition on Biocorrosion and Stress Corrosion Cracking of As-Cast Mg-4Zn Alloys
Authors: Gong Xiaole , Chen Jihua , Yan Hongge , Xia Weijun , Su Bin , Yu Zonglin , Yin Hui
Published: December 2019

Microstructure, biocorrosion, and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of as-cast Mg-4Zn-xSr alloys (x ≤ 0.4, in mass%) are studied by scanning electron microscopy, immersion testing, slow strain rate tensile testing, etc. A minor Sr addition (≤0.2%) in Mg-4Zn alloy can reduce the average corrosion rate and the corrosion current density in Hank’s solution, resulting from grain refinement, dispersion of the smaller secondary phase particles, and the more-protective corrosion product film. Thus, a minor Sr addition (≤0.2%) can improve both strength and plasticity of the Mg-4Zn alloy without increasing the SCC susceptibility, and the Mg-4Zn-0.1Sr alloy exhibits the best comprehensive properties.
A Monte Carlo Model for Pitting Corrosion in Phosphor Bronze Tape Used in Underground Power Transmission Cables
Authors: Zhang Lixin , Gill Simon , Gnanasambandam Sivashangari , Foresta Maurizio , Pan Jingzhe , Li Fan
Published: December 2019

Life of underground oil-filled power transmission cables used with phosphor bronze tapes is greatly reduced by pitting corrosion and hence accurate prediction of the pit growth in these tapes becomes essential. In the present work, the probability distribution of corrosion pit depth on phosphor bronze tapes is calculated using probabilistic Monte Carlo simulations and compared with the measured pit depth distribution on samples of broken tapes which have been in service for about 50 y. This Monte Carlo simulation is performed on every stable pit that nucleates, propagates, and repassivates on the metal surface. Due to the random nature of pitting corrosion, the probability of failure of this class of cables can be simulated based on the Monte Carlo model. This paper shows that the simulated pit depth distribution is very similar to the experimental data. The results demonstrate that the Monte Carlo model by Engelhardt and Macdonald can be effectively applied to long-term field data of phosphor bronze tapes, even over 50 y. In addition, the probability of failure due to pitting corrosion can be evaluated analytically, without need of conducting expensive and time-consuming experimental campaigns. Therefore, this probabilistic pit depth distribution model will be a powerful tool in the decision-making strategy for the replacement of underground power transmission cables near their end of life.
Non-traumatic and non-drug-induced rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Kolovou Genovefa , Cokkinos Philip , Bilianou Helen , Kolovou Vana , Katsiki Niki , Mavrogeni Sophie
Published: December 2019

Rhabdomyolysis (RM), a fortunately rare disease of the striated muscle cells, is a complication of non-traumatic (congenital (glycogen storage disease, discrete mitochondrial myopathies and various muscular dystrophies) or acquired (alcoholic myopathy, systemic diseases, arterial occlusion, viral illness or bacterial sepsis)) and traumatic conditions. Additionally, RM can occur in some individuals under specific circumstances such as toxic substance use and illicit drug abuse. Lipid-lowering drugs in particular are capable of causing RM. This comprehensive review will focus on non-traumatic and non-drug-induced RM. Moreover, the pathology of RM, its clinical manifestation and biochemical effects, and finally its management will be discussed.
Constraining global aerosol emissions using POLDER/PARASOL satellite remote sensing observations
Authors: Chen Cheng , Dubovik Oleg , Henze Daven K. , Chin Mian , Lapyonok Tatyana , Schuster Gregory L. , Ducos Fabrice , Fuertes David , Litvinov Pavel , Li Lei , Lopatin Anton , Hu Qiaoyun , Torres Benjamin
Published: December 2019

Abstract. We invert global black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC)
and desert dust (DD) aerosol emissions from POLDER/PARASOL spectral aerosol
optical depth (AOD) and aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) using the
GEOS-Chem inverse modeling framework. Our inverse modeling framework uses
standard a priori emissions to provide a posteriori emissions that are constrained by
POLDER/PARASOL AODs and AAODs. The following global emission values were
retrieved for the three aerosol components: 18.4 Tg yr−1 for BC, 109.9 Tg yr−1
for OC and 731.6 Tg yr−1 for DD for the year 2010. These values show a
difference of +166.7 %, +184.0 % and
−42.4 %, respectively, with respect to the
a priori values of emission inventories used in “standard” GEOS-Chem runs. The
model simulations using a posteriori emissions (i.e., retrieved emissions) provide values
of 0.119 for global mean AOD and 0.0071 for AAOD at 550 nm, which are
+13.3 % and +82.1 %, respectively, higher than the AOD and AAOD obtained using the
a priori values of emissions. Additionally, the a posteriori model simulation of AOD, AAOD,
single scattering albedo, Ångström exponent and absorption
Ångström exponent show better agreement with independent AERONET,
MODIS and OMI measurements than the a priori simulation. Thus, this study suggests
that using satellite-constrained global aerosol emissions in aerosol
transport models can improve the accuracy of simulated global aerosol
properties.
Effects of Liquid Phase Cloud Microphysical Processes in Mixed Phase Cumulus Clouds over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Xu Xiaoqi , Lu Chunsong , Liu Yangang , Gao Wenhua , Wang Yuan , Cheng Yueming , Luo Shi , Weverberg Kwinten Van
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Overprediction of precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau is often found in numerical simulations, which is thought to be related to coarse grid sizes or inaccurate large-scale forcing. In addition to confirming the important role of model grid sizes, this study shows that liquid-phase precipitation parameterization is another key culprit, and underlying physical mechanisms are revealed. A typical summer plateau precipitation event is simulated with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model by introducing different parameterizations of liquid-phase microphysical processes into the commonly used Morrison scheme, including autoconversion, accretion, and entrainment-mixing mechanisms. All simulations can reproduce the general spatial distribution and temporal variation of precipitation. The precipitation in the high-resolution domain is less overpredicted than in the low-resolution domain. The accretion process plays more important roles than other liquid-phase processes in simulating precipitation. Employing the accretion parameterization considering raindrop size makes the total surface precipitation closest to the observation which is supported by the Heidke skill scores. The physical reason is that this accretion parameterization can suppress fake accretion and liquid-phase precipitation when cloud droplets are too small to initiate precipitation.
Kinetics of the OH + NO2 reaction: Effect of water vapour and new parameterisation for global modelling
Authors: Amedro Damien , Berasategui Matias , Bunkan Arne J. C. , Pozzer Andrea , Lelieveld Jos , Crowley John N.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The effect of water vapour on the rate coefficient for the atmospherically important, termolecular reaction between OH and NO2 was determined in He-H2O (277, 291 and 332 K) and N2-H2O bath gases (292 K). Combining pulsed laser photolytic generation of OH and its detection by laser induced fluorescence (PLP-LIF) with in-situ, optical measurement of both NO2 and H2O we were able to show that (in contrast to previous investigations) the presence of H2O increases the rate coefficient significantly. We derive a rate coefficient for H2O bath gas at the low-pressure limit, (k0H2O) of 15.9 × 10−30 cm6  molecue−2 s−1. This indicates that H2O is a more efficient collisional quencher (by a factor of ~ 6) of the initially formed HO-NO2 association complex than N2 and a factor ~ 8 more efficient than O2. Ignoring the effect of water-vapour will lead to an underestimation of the rate coefficient by up to 15 % e.g. in the tropical boundary layer. Combining the new experimental results from this study with those from the companion paper in which we report rate coefficients obtained in N2 and O2 bath gases (Amedro et al., 2019) we derive a new parameterisation for atmospheric modelling of the OH + NO2 reaction and use this in a chemical transport model (EMAC) to examine the impact of the new data on the global distribution of NO2, HNO3 and OH. Use of the new parameters (rather than those given in the IUPAC and NASA evaluations) result in significant changes in the HNO3 / NO2 ratio and NOx concentrations, the sign of which depends on which evaluation is used as reference. The model predicts the presence of HOONO (formed along with HNO3 in the title reaction) in concentrations similar to those of HO2NO2 at the tropical tropopause.
The determination of highly time resolved and source separated black carbon emission rates using radon as a tracer of atmospheric dynamics
Authors: Gregorič Asta , Drinovec Luka , Ježek Irena , Vaupotič Janja , Lenarčič Matevž , Grauf Domen , Wang Longlong , Mole Maruška , Stanič Samo , Močnik Griša
Published: December 2019

Abstract. We present a new method for the determination of the source specific black carbon emission rates. The methodology was applied in two different environments: an urban location in Ljubljana and a rural one in the Vipava valley (Slovenia, Europe), which differ in pollution sources and topography. The atmospheric dynamics was quantified using the atmospheric radon (222Rn) concentration to determine the mixing layer height for periods of thermally driven planetary boundary layer evolution. The black carbon emission rate was determined using an improved box model taking into account boundary layer depth and a horizontal advection term, describing the temporal and spatial exponential decay of black carbon concentration. The rural Vipava valley is impacted by a significantly higher contribution to black carbon concentration from biomass burning during winter (62 %) in comparison to Ljubljana (31 %). Results of the calculated black carbon emission rates in Ljubljana were in the range from 280 to 300 μg m−2 h−1 in spring and winter, respectively. Overall black carbon emission rate in Vipava valley were only 25 % lower compared to Ljubljana and were in the range from 210 to 240 μg m−2 h−1 in spring and winter, respectively. As expected, black carbon emissions from traffic prevail in Ljubljana and account for 80 % of emissions during winter; the traffic contribution in the Vipava valley was only 42 %. Different daily dynamics of biomass burning and traffic emissions was responsible for higher contribution of biomass burning to measured black carbon concentration, compared to the fraction of its emission rate. Coupling the high time resolution measurements of black carbon concentration with atmospheric radon concentration measurements can provide a useful tool for direct, highly time resolved measurements of the intensity of emission sources. Source specific emission rates can be used to assess the efficiency of pollution mitigation measures over longer time periods, thereby avoiding the influence of variable meteorology.
Cosmic noise absorption signature of particle precipitation during ICME sheaths and ejecta
Authors: Kilpua Emilia , Juusola Liisa , Grandin Maxime , Kero Antti , Dubyagin Stepan , Partamies Noora , Osmane Adnane , George Harriet , Kalliokoski Milla , Raita Tero , Asikainen Timo , Palmroth Minna
Published: December 2019

Abstract. We study here energetic (E > 30 keV) electron precipitation using cosmic noise absorption (CNA) during the sheath and ejecta structures of 61 interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) observed in the near-Earth solar wind between 1997 and 2012. The data comes from the Finnish riometer chain from stations extending from auroral (IVA, 65.2 geomagnetic latitude, MLAT) to subauroral (JYV, 59.0 MLAT) latitudes. We find that sheaths and ejecta lead frequently to enhanced CNA (> 0.5 dB) both at auroral and subauroral latitudes, although the CNA magnitudes stay relatively low (medians around 1 dB). Due to their longer duration, ejecta typically lead to more sustained enhanced CNA periods (on average 6–7 hours), but the sheaths and ejecta were found to be equally effective in inducing enhanced CNA when relative occurrence frequency and CNA magnitude were considered. Only at the lowest MLAT station JYV ejecta were more effective in causing enhanced CNA. Some clear magnetic local time (MLT) trends and differences between the ejecta and sheath were found. The occurrence frequency and magnitude of CNA activity was lowest close to midnight, while it peaked for the sheaths in the morning and afternoon/evening sectors and for the ejecta in the morning and noon sectors. These differences may reflect differences in typical MLT distributions of wave modes that precipitate substorm-injected and trapped radiation belt electrons during the sheath and ejecta. Our study also emphasizes the importance of substorms and magnetospheric ULF waves for enhanced CNA.
Rare Earth Elements in oyster shells: provenance discrimination and potential vital effects
Authors: Mouchi Vincent , Godbillot Camille , Forest Vianney , Ulianov Alexey , Lartaud Franck , de Rafélis Marc , Emmanuel Laurent , Verrecchia Eric P.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Rare Earth Elements and yttrium (REY) in seawater originate from atmospheric fallout, continental weathering, and transport from rivers, as well as hydrothermal activity. Previous studies reported the use of REY measurements in biogenic carbonates as a means to reconstruct these surface processes in ancient times. As coastal seawater REY concentrations partially reflect those of nearby rivers, it may be possible to obtain a regional fingerprint of these concentrations from bivalve shells for provenance and environmental monitoring studies. Here, we present a dataset of 260 measurements of REY abundances by LA-ICP-MS from 42 oyster specimens from six locations in France (Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea), and from two species (Crassostrea gigas and Ostrea edulis). Our study reports that there is no significant difference in concentrations from shell parts corresponding to winter and summer periods for both species. Moreover, interspecific vital effects are reported from specimens from both species and from the same locality. REY profiles and t-distributed Stochastic Neighbour Embedding processing (t-SNE; a discriminant statistical method) indicate that REY measurements from C. gigas shells can be discriminated from one locality to another, but this is not the case for O. edulis, which presents very similar concentrations in all studied localities. Therefore, provenance studies using bivalve shells based on REY have to be first tested for the species, and are not adapted for O. edulis. Other methods have to be investigated to be able to find the provenance of some species such as O. edulis.
New continuous total ozone, UV, VIS and PAR measurements at Marambio 64° S, Antarctica
Authors: Lakkala Kaisa , Aun Margit , Sanchez Ricardo , Bernhard Germar , Asmi Eija , Meinander Outi , Nollas Fernando , Hülsen Gregor , Aaltonen Veijo , Arola Antti , de Leeuw Gerrit
Published: December 2019

Abstract. A GUV multifilter radiometer was set up at Marambio, 64° S 56° W, Antarctica, in 2017. The instrument measures continuously ultraviolet (UV) radiation, visible (VIS) radiation and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). The measurements are designed for providing high quality long-term time series which can be used to assess the impact of global climate change in the Antarctic region. The quality assurance includes regular absolute calibrations and solar comparisons performed at the site and at Sodankylä, Finland. The actual measurements continue the time series measured at Marambio with NILU-UV radiometers during 2000–2010 as part of the Antarctic NILU-UV network. They are optimal for assessing the effects of the ongoing stratospheric ozone recovery on the ecosystem as the data products include information on radiation at various wavelengths ranging from UV to VIS so that changes on biologically effective radiation due to ozone can be separated from those due to other factors. The final data products are total ozone, PAR, VIS radiation at 555 nm, UV index, UV irradiance at 5 channels, UVB and UVA dose rate/daily dose, and biologically weighted UV dose rate/ daily dose, including 10 different action spectra. The data from the last five days and the daily maximum UV index time series are plotted and updated daily on the web page fmiarc.fmi.fi/sub_sites/GUVant/. The first two years of UV measurements were very different in terms of the results: The monthly average of daily maximum UVB dose rates were clearly higher in 2018 than in 2017 during the period from October to December. The largest difference was observed in October, when the average of daily maximum UVB dose rates was 7.6 kWm−2 and 10.2 kWm−2 in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The monthly averages were close to each other for all the three months in 2018, while in 2017 the monthly average of October was lower than those of November and December. VIS and PAR time series show that daily maxima in 2018–2019 exceed those in 2017–2018 during the late spring and the summer (mid-November–January). The studied dataset is freely accessible at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3553634 (Lakkala et al.,2019).
Commonly used methods fail to detect known propagation speeds of simulated signals from time–longitude (Hovmöller) diagrams
Authors: De-Leon Yair , Paldor Nathan
Published: December 2019

Abstract. This work examines the accuracy and validity of two
variants of Radon transform and two variants of the two-dimensional fast
Fourier transform (2-D FFT) that have been previously used for estimating the
propagation speed of oceanic signals such as sea surface height anomalies
(SSHAs) derived from satellite-borne altimeters based on time–longitude
(Hovmöller) diagrams. The examination employs numerically simulated
signals made up of 20 or 50 modes where one, randomly selected, mode has a
larger amplitude than the uniform amplitude of the other modes. Since the
dominant input mode is known ab initio, we can clearly define “success” in
detecting its phase/propagation speed. We show that all previously employed
variants fail to detect the phase speed of the dominant input mode when its
amplitude is smaller than 5 times the amplitude of the other modes and that
they successfully detect the phase speed of the dominant input mode only
when its amplitude is at least 10 times the amplitude of the other modes.
This requirement is an unrealistic limitation on oceanic observations such
as SSHA. In addition, three of the variant methods detect a dominant
mode even when all modes have the exact same amplitude. The accuracy with
which the four methods identify a dominant input mode decreases
with the increase in the number of modes in the signal. Our findings are
relevant to the reliability of phase speed estimates of SSHA observations
and the reported “too fast” a phase speed of baroclinic Rossby waves in the
ocean.
Planejamento estratégico como tecnologia social para a eficácia da gestão pública: um estudo de caso - prefeitura de Itajaí - SC
Authors: Volpato Alcides , Pasa Evandro Luiz , Gastaldi Raquel
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo apresenta e analisa a Metodologia de elaboração de Planejamento Estratégico de uma cidade e sua importância frente ao atual cenário político brasileiro. Apresenta também as análises dos processos aplicados e os resultados de uma construção multi – saberes – setores – gerações com mais de 3.000 pessoas envolvidas, resultando em um mapa estratégico onde foram definidos objetivos estratégicos de áreas distintas e que originaram ações estratégicas, com vistas a construção, em duas décadas, de uma cidade inteligente, sustentável e com justiça social.
Educação Física, gênero e cinema: contribuições para a formação docente
Authors: Mourão Ludmila , Fernandes Soares João Paulo , Lovisi Ayra , Borges Novais Mariana Cristina
Published: December 2019

O cinema pode ser considerado um veículo audiovisual dotado de complexa linguagem e eminente potencial educacional. Nesse sentido, o presente ensaio apresenta reflexões que partem de um aporte teórico em diálogo com experiências pedagógicas no campo da formação docente em Educação Física e cinema. Tal processo teve como objetivo articular o recurso imagético aos saberes e práticas docentes, ampliando as discussões sobre gênero nas práticas corporais e esportivas. Além dos debates, as experiências pedagógicas geraram diferentes produções acadêmicas que permitiram aos futuros docentes vivenciarem as contribuições do cinema como recurso capaz de estabelecer inter-relação entre a formação acadêmica e a sociedade a partir de reflexões e debates.
Zarathustra on Post-Truth: Wisdom and the Brass Bell
Authors: Hartelius E. Johanna , Poulakos John
Published: December 2019

Notwithstanding recent controversies involving echo chambers and social media, “post-truth” has always been central to philosophical investigations of what is knowable and good. The internal tension of the term offers a choice: to gasp in feigned astonishment at the hell-in-a-handbasket state of public discourse, or to reflect critically on what is beyond, after, or other than the truth. In this essay, we approach post-truth via elements of narrative, biography, and myth, portraying Friedrich Nietzsche's polytropic figure, Zarathustra, as he might have spoken to the contemporary moment. We demonstrate how Zarathustra affords access to the idea that truth (in all its deceptiveness) and life (or possibly, aliveness) are inextricable in the human condition. To temper this tension, we depict a character whose disposition toward post-truth spans from certainty and doubt to exuberance and despair. Our hope is to indicate how, for the humans of Motley Cow, post-truth is ubiquitous, institutional, and infrastructural.
O QUE PODE UMA MONITORIA SIGNIFICAR NA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DE PROFESSORES?
Authors: Peixoto Ricardo
Published: December 2019

A carreira docente no contexto brasileiro tem passado por um esvaziamento – tanto em relação à evasão quanto um esvaziamento de sentido – dos cursos de licenciatura. Esse é um dos motivos pelo qual necessário pensar sobre a formação inicial de professores. Partindo das discussões em Linguística Aplicada e entrelaçando-as às reflexões resultantes das atividades de um programa de monitoria em contexto de formação inicial de professores de inglês, foi possível apreender que o conteúdo linguístico não está desvinculado da vida em sociedade, contexto sociocultural e histórico, sendo necessário ter esses elementos em perspectiva para estabelecer uma relação mais horizontalizada entre os sujeitos no processo de ensino aprendizagem. Assim, refletindo a respeito da autoimagem e síndrome do impostor (BERNAT, 2008) dentro do programa de monitoria, concepções de língua(gem) e trocas de experiências de maneiras não hierárquicas no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, este artigo objetiva construir uma narrativa em favor das práticas extracurriculares em docência, defendendo que elas poderiam ser amplamente difundidas nos cursos de licenciatura, pois a monitoria no ensino superior tem sido incentivadora, especialmente, à formação de professores e poderá assim contribuir para a redução do esvaziamento dos cursos de licenciatura e reconstrução da identidade e dos sentidos do ser professor.
APRESENTAÇÃO - DOSSIÊ ESPECIAL FICLLA
Authors: Editorial Equipe
Published: December 2019

O Fórum Internacional de Cultura, Literatura e Linguística Aplicada: práticas e transgressões, ocorrido na Universidade Federal do Paraná de 07 a 09 de novembro de 2018, foi organizado pelo Grupo de Pesquisa Identidade e Leitura em parceria com o Núcleo de Assessoria Pedagógica da UFPR e promovido pelo Programa de Pós Graduação em Letras da UFPR. Sua proposta foi concebida em homenagem ao Professor Dr. Lynn Mario Trindade Menezes de Souza (USP), cujo nome se tornou referência nas áreas de Linguística Aplicada, Estudos Culturais e Literatura, tanto no Brasil quanto internacionalmente. Essa primeira edição do FICLLA buscou envolver o público nos temas de pesquisa apresentados com o intuito de contribuir para a discussão acadêmica dos assuntos abordados e aproximar opiniões “leigas” de “especializadas”, construindo conhecimento de forma mais democrática.
Da fundamentação ontológica à representação de processos clínicos: uma abordagem teórica
Authors: Aganette Elisângela Cristina
Published: December 2019

Introdução: Gerenciar problemas relativos à organização da informação é uma tarefa árdua e dispendiosa, uma vez que demandam conhecimentos específicos, metodologias apropriadas e ferramentas adequadas. Neste contexto, as ontologias e a modelagem de processos tem se destacado. Aliadas, é uma alternativa para alcançar a interoperabilidade entre sistemas. Objetivo: Diante disso, o presente artigo busca apresentar uma fundamentação filosófica, ontológica e em gestão relativa a processos, e evidenciar que tais fundamentos são capazes de sustentar a necessidade de melhorias em modelagem. Metodologia: Para tal, apresenta-se uma contextualização teórica sobre processos no âmbito filosófico, em gestão corporativa, em ontologias de domínio e, contextualiza o corpo teórico em gestão de processos clínicos. Resultado: Como resultado, o artigo evidencia o avanço do entendimento dos processos em diferentes âmbitos de aplicação. Com o avançar da pesquisa, espera-se identificar nos processos as suas características essenciais e sua adequada categorização. Por meio das notações, os processos apresentarão subsídios para a representação da realidade e das entidades processuais a eles relacionadas. Os processos clínicos, objetivo final da pesquisa em andamento, se desenvolvem no contexto da saúde e se referem à rotina em clínicas, ambulatórios, hospitais ou até mesmo atividades administrativas. Esses processos são caracterizados pelo envolvimento com prestação de cuidados envolvendo vidas, onde o tempo é algo precioso para tomada de decisão. Conclusões: Espera-se que os desdobramentos proporcionados por este estudo sejam utilizados como fundamentação teórica para a utilização de ontologias orientadas a processos no ambiente clínico, contribuindo para o seu desenvolvimento no campo da Ciência da Informação.
Uma investigação teórica sobre relações semânticas partitivas e sua aplicação em sistemas de organização do conhecimento
Authors: Almeida Maurício Barcellos , Emygdio Jeanne Louize
Published: December 2019

Introdução: Relações semânticas são essenciais para a Representação do Conhecimento, um campo de pesquisa que ganha cada vez mais relevância, principalmente a partir do advento da Web Semântica. A Ciência da Informação tem um longo histórico de estudo e uso de relações semânticas nos diversos contextos em que Sistemas de Organização do Conhecimento (SOCs) são concebidos e construídos. Entretanto, são poucos os estudos pormenorizados sobre a relação semântica parte-todo, também conhecida como relação partitiva. Objetivo: o presente artigo objetiva uma descrição fundamentada da relação partitiva, a partir de abordagem interdisciplinar que envolve suas origens linguísticas e filosóficas. Metodologia: para atingir o objetivo proposto, descrevem-se e caracterizam-se as duas principais formas pelas quais as relações partitivas se manifestam – a meronímia, não formal e linguística; e a mereologia, formal e lógica – distinguindo-as pela propriedade da transitividade. Resultados: a partir da distinção mencionada, sugere-se critério pragmático ao decidir qual abordagem de relação partitiva é adequada quando se constroem ontologias e tesauros. Conclusões: conclui-se, que as relações formais são, de fato, mais restritas, e pode-se mesmo afirmar que estão incluídas nas relações não-formais, mas que o uso das relações formais em ontologias requer cuidados muitas vezes negligenciadas pelos cientistas da informação.
Vocabulários controlados na representação e recuperação da informação em repositórios brasileiros
Authors: Fujita Mariângela Spotti Lopes , Tolare Jessica Beatriz
Published: December 2019

Introdução: O objetivo do controle de vocabulário é a consistência na representação e na recuperação de modo a evitar a dispersão de recursos informacionais relacionados aos termos do vocabulário controlado. Repositórios digitais são, atualmente, recursos de fundamental importância na organização e gestão do conhecimento cujos recursos de informação, além de armazenados e preservados, precisam ser acessados e recuperados sem inconsistências. Para isso, é importante verificar a incorporação de tipos de vocabulário controlado em repositórios universitários nos processos de representação e recuperação. Objetivo: Esta pesquisa propõe a investigação sobre vocabulários controlados em repositórios com o objetivo de verificar recursos de interface de busca e navegação para identificar a incorporação de tipos de vocabulários controlados na representação e recuperação da informação. Metodologia: Análise documental, por meio de pesquisa eletrônica, para levantamento de repositórios e pesquisa exploratória para análise dos recursos de interface para identificação de tipos de vocabulários controlados utilizados na representação e recuperação da informação com base em parâmetros obtidos na fundamentação teórica. Resultados: A análise das interfaces de busca de 86 repositórios brasileiros revelou que os vocabulários controlados foram, de modo geral, incorporados à representação e recuperação quanto aos seguintes tipos: tesauros (6 repositórios), listas classificadas (8), taxonomias (7) e listas de termos em ordem alfabética (70). Os metadados incluem palavras-chave da linguagem natural e termos de vocabulários controlados em 56 repositórios. Conclusões: As listas de termos em ordem alfabética utilizadas para busca por assuntos nas interfaces de navegação necessitam incorporar a função de controle de vocabulário mediante a integração das palavras-chaves com os termos dos vocabulários controlados e obter consistência na recuperação.
Effect of Hearing Ability and Mild Behavioural Impairment on MoCA and Memory Index Scores
Authors: Gosselin Penny A. , Ismail Zahinoor , Faris Peter D. , Benkoczi Carmen L. , Fraser Tammy L. , Cherry Steven W. , Faulkner Tracey I. , Islam Md Shariful
Published: December 2019

BackgroundThe life-course model of modifiable risk factors for dementia now recognizes managing hearing loss and addressing social isolation. ObjectiveTo investigate the contribution and inter-relationship of hear-ing ability and behaviour change on cognitive ability. MethodsWe present the preliminary findings from a prospective lon-gitudinal study of 35 non-demented participants ages 60–93, recruited from community rehabilitation and acute-care programs of Geriatric Medicine, who underwent baseline hearing, behavioural, and cognitive testing. ResultsAfter controlling for age and hearing impairment, the left ear Dichotic Digit Test (DDT) score accounted uniquely for 20% of the variance in MoCA Memory Index (p = .016 with β = .598). Mild Behavioural Impairment (MBI) was highly prevalent, with 80% of older adults reporting at least one MBI symptom. People with hearing impairment had greater global MBI burden than people with normal hearing, especially in the domains of apathy and impulse dyscontrol; however, greater severity of hearing impairment was not associated with a higher number of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS).ConclusionsLow left DDT contributed to lower memory index and greater MBI burden is associated with hearing impairment. Our find-ings demonstrate the value of early non-invasive hearing and behavioural assessments as part of dementia risk assessment in older adults.
Empedocles without Horseshoes
Authors: Hernández Castro David ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: December 2019

Scholars have generally analysed Empedocles’ criticism of sacrifices through a Pythagorean interpretation context. However, Empedocles’ doctrinal affiliation with this school is problematic and also not needed to explain his rejection of the ‘unspeakable slaughter of bulls.’ His position is consistent with the wisdom tradition that emanated from the Sanctuary of Apollo in Delphi, an institution that underwent significant political and religious changes at the end of the 6th Century B.C., the impact of which was felt all over Magna Graecia. The ritual practice of sacrifice played an important role in Delphi, but the sanctuary also gave birth to a school of wisdom that was highly critical of the arrogance (hybris) of large sacrifices. Asocio-cultural analysis of the Akragas of the first half of the 5th Century B.C. provides new arguments that support this interpretation. The work of Empedocles contains more evidence of being influenced by the Delphi school of wisdom than by Orphism or Pythagoreanism.
Impartiality or Oikeiôsis?
Authors: Frim Landon ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: December 2019

‘Universal benevolence’ may be defined as the goal of promoting the welfare of every individual, however remote, to the best of one’s ability. Currently, the commonest model of universal benevolence is that of ‘impartiality,’ the notion promoted by Peter Singer, Roderick Firth, and others, that every individual (including oneself) is of equal intrinsic worth. This paper contends that the impartialist model is seriously flawed. Specifically, it is demonstrated that impartialist accounts of benevolence (1) attempt to draw positive moral conclusions from negative premises, (2) draw actual conclusions from merely counterfactual premises, (3) fail to live up to stated claims of naturalism, and (4) give no compelling account of moral motivation. By contrast, I propose an alternate model of universal benevolence, grounded in the Stoic, cosmopolitan theory of oikeiôsis, i.e. ‘appropriation.’ Such a model, in contradistinction to impartiality, would see benevolence as the positive identification between moral agent and moral patient, rather than a charitable sacrifice of oneself for a distinct but equal other. An ethics of oikeiôsis has the further benefit of avoiding each of the four abovementioned conceptual pitfalls common to impartialist theories.
The Dissolution of the Social Contract in to the Unfathomable Perpetuity of Caste
Authors: Sampath Rajesh ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: December 2019

This paper examines Ambedkar’s critical view of certain distortions, contradictions, and instabilities in democratic norms, constitutional validity, and citizens’ rights in India’s secular, constitutional, legal, pluralistic democracy. Through a strident deconstruction utilizing Hegelian resources, the paper exposes the contortions and contradictions underpinning Hindu metaphysics in some of its most abstract texts, namely the ancient Upanishads. Through this deconstructive lens we unpack various aporias embedded in concepts of selfhood that render a truly liberal democratic political notion of citizenship impossible. The paper concludes with the necessity of further research on comparative philosophies of religion and political philosophy to better understand the limits of secular democracy, particularly for minority rights, in different metaphysical and civilizational traditions.
Research Roundup: Child Development Conference Has a Lot to Say
Authors: Diamant-Cohen Betsy
Published: December 2019

American Library Association conferences involve a lot of walking since sessions are presented in numerous venues in huge convention centers and surrounding hotels. Even the exhibits are massive! Because of this, librarians are often distinguished from local residents by the comfortable shoes they are wearing. At the Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) conference earlier this year, however, attendees could also be recognized by the portable poster holders slung over their shoulders.
De la iniciación al manejo tolerado de tecnologías. La competencia digital de los estudiantes madrileños antes de la educación secundaria
Authors: Paredes-Labra Joaquín , Freitas Ada , Sánchez-Antolín Pablo
Published: December 2019

En el presente trabajo se analizan los resultados en competencia digital de los estudiantes de la comunidad de Madrid (España) de último curso de educación primaria (11 años) en centros que facilitan la inmersión en tecnología (OLPC). Los estudiantes participaron en la resolución de una prueba organizada al efecto, de ámbito nacional, dividida en cinco bloques, tantos como dimensiones del concepto de competencia digital manejado. Entre los resultados se observa un bajo dominio en prácticamente las cinco dimensiones, en concreto algunos aspectos de la búsqueda de información, creación de contenidos y resolución de problemas con los dispositivos. Estos resultados hacen plantearse las dificultades de estos estudiantes para enfrentarse al manejo tolerado de dispositivos tecnológicos en su vida cotidiana el próximo curso académico, cuando accedan a educación secundaria.

This paper analyzes the results of the digital competence of students from Madrid (Spain) of the last course of primary school (about 11 years old) through immersion technology programs in education such the One Laptop per Child (OLPC) initiative. The students answered a national test organized for this purpose, divided into five sections that correspond to the dimensions of the conceptualization of digital competence. Among the results, there is a low level of mastery of digital competence in all five dimensions, especially a few aspects of information search, content creation and problem-solving through devices. These results raise the difficulties of these students to face the tolerated use of technological devices in their daily lives for the next educational stage in secondary school or high school.
Los valores de la Economía Social como impulsores del cambio en clústeres con fuerte fragmentación del conocimiento: el caso de la caña de azúcar de Veracruz (México)
Authors: Gallego Bono Juan Ramón , Tapia Baranda María Rosario
Published: December 2019

La literatura evolucionista sobre innovación tecnológica se ha desarrollado bastante independientemente de la investigación sobre innovación social. El presente artículo intentará evidenciar que en los clústeres de América Latina la innovación social constituye una precondición para poner en valor los conocimientos locales. Este reconocimiento permite enfrentar la tensión dialéctica fragmentación/integración del conocimiento existente en estos clústeres. Se esboza un marco teórico evolucionista en el que la innovación social, y en especial los nuevos valores, constituyen el vehículo de la entrada en escena de los motores de la transformación sectorial y territorial en los clústeres agroindustriales: nuevos actores, nuevas competencias y nuevas relaciones. Con este marco conceptual, se analiza la dinámica del clúster de la caña de azúcar sobre la base de una metodología cualitativa basada esencialmente en la realización de entrevistas en profundidad.La producción de caña de azúcar es el motor económico de la región del centro de Veracruz (México). Pero la fuerte integración vertical del sector y la fragmentación del conocimiento en el clúster azucarero han contribuido a la rápida descomposición social de la región y a la acentuación de la violencia y la exclusión social. En este contexto, se mostrará el papel de los valores de la economía social en la renovación de las actividades y en la reorganización local de la cadena de valor con una orientación hacia un desarrollo más sostenible. Todo ello, de la mano de la irrupción de nuevas empresas (PYMES) portadoras de nuevas visiones, planteamientos y competencias que desafían las posiciones establecidas.
ANÁLISIS ACÚSTICO DE LOS ALÓFONOS DE /b, d, g/ EN EL HABLA ESPONTÁNEA DEL ESPAÑOL PENINSULAR: CONCLUSIONES
Authors: Sola Prado Alicia
Published: December 2019

En este artículo exponemos las conclusiones que se extraen del trabajo de tesis doctoral ‘‘Caracterización acústica de las aproximantes [ß, ∂, γ] en el habla espontánea del español peninsular”. En dicho studio, se llevó a cabo el análisis acústico de los rasgos de armonicidad, sonoridad, duración e intensidad de cada sonido /b, d, g/ en una muestra de habla espontánea en espectrogramas ofrecidos por el programa PRAAT, con el objetivo general de describir estos rasgos y su comportamiento en cada uno de los contextos de aparición y las posibles relaciones entre ellos. El corpus, obtenido de grabaciones de programas de la television local de Andalucía, Madrid y Euskadi, consiste en un total de 1292 sonidos /b, d, g/ analizados, emitidos en situaciones de comunicación reales.
DISEÑO Y CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN CORPUS ORAL MULTIDIALECTAL. EL CORPUS AMERESCO
Authors: Carcelén Guerrero Andrea , Uclés Ramada Gloria
Published: December 2019

En este artículo se describe el protocolo que se ha seguido para la construcción del corpus Ameresco (América Español Coloquial). La recopilación de un corpus multidialectal presenta una serie de retos. Por una parte, la gestión de un gran número de equipos externos requiere un proyecto que metodológicamente sea sólido. Por otra parte, la metodología debe ser coherente con los objetivos del proyecto y con los parámetros esenciales en el diseño de corpus como es establecer las características de las grabaciones, el sistema de transcripción y etiquetado y aspectos relacionados con la anonimización de datos sensibles. Todas estas cuestiones deben provenir de una decisión razonada que garantice que el corpus cumpla con unos estándares de calidad aceptables por la comunidad científica.
Statistical evaluation of Q factors of fabricated photonic crystal nanocavities designed by using a deep neural network
Authors: Nakadai Masahiro , Tanaka Kengo , Asano Takashi , Takahashi Yasushi , Noda Susumu
Published: December 2019

Photonic crystal (PC) nanocavities with ultra-high quality (Q) factors and small modal volumes enable advanced photon manipulations, such as photon trapping. In order to improve the Q factors of such nanocavities, we have recently proposed a cavity design method based on machine learning. Here, we experimentally compare nanocavities designed by using a deep neural network with those designed by the manual approach that enabled a record value. Thirty air-bridge-type two-dimensional PC nanocavities are fabricated on silicon-on-insulator substrates, and their photon lifetimes are measured. The realized median Q factor increases by about one million by adopting the machine-learning-based design approach.
Different distant metastasis patterns based on tumor size could be found in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer patients: a large, population-based SEER study
Authors: Li Jia , Liu Feng , Yu Haining , Zhao Chenglong , Li Zhenxiang , Wang Haiyong
Published: December 2019

Background

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a malignant cancer with the ability to metastasize quickly. The relationship between tumor size and the distant metastasis patterns of Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (ES-SCLC) has not been reported.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine the different distant metastasis patterns as they related to tumor size in ES-SCLC.

Patients and Methods

We used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) population-based data collected from 2010 through 2013 to identify 11058 ES-SCLC patients with definite evidence of distant metastases. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to demonstrate the association between tumor size and distant metastasis patterns including bone, liver, brain, and lung metastases. Age, race, sex, and N stage were also selected in the logistic regression model.

Results

Subtle differences in metastasis patterns were found among patients based on different tumor sizes. Patients with tumors 3–7 cm have a higher risk of bone metastasis compared with those that have tumors ≤3 cm (OR 1.165, 95% CI [1.055–1.287], P = 0.003) and patients with tumors ≥7 cm have a higher risk of lung metastasis (OR 1.183, 95% CI [1.039–1.347], P = 0.011). In addition, patients with tumors ≥7 cm had a lower risk of brain metastasis and liver metastasis than patients with tumors ≤3 cm (OR 0.799, 95% CI [0.709–0.901], P < 0.001; OR 0.747, 95% CI [0.672–0.830], P < 0.001). Interestingly, there was no correlation between a larger tumor and a higher risk of metastasis. However, the tumor metastasis pattern did have some correlation with age, gender, race and N-status.

Conclusion

The pattern of distant metastasis of ES-SCLC is related to the tumor size and the tumor size is indicative of the metastatic site. Larger tumor sizes did not correlate with a higher risk of distant metastasis, but the size is related to the pattern of distant metastasis. The study of different distant metastasis patterns based on tumor size and other clinical features (e.g., age, race, sex, and N stage) in ES-SCLC is clinically valuable.
Comprehensive analysis of hazard of ultraviolet radiation emitted during arc welding of cast iron
Authors: Takahashi Jyunya , Nakashima Hitoshi , Fujii Nobuyuki , Okuno Tsutomu
Published: December 2019

Objectives

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) emitted during arc welding frequently causes keratoconjunctivitis and skin erythema. The extent of the hazard of UVR varies depending on the welding process and conditions. Therefore, it is important to identify the levels of UVR present under different conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of hazard of UVR emitted by the different types of arc welding of cast iron frequently used in industry.

Methods

In this study, we experimentally measured the UVR emitted during gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), and gas metal arc welding (GMAW) of cast iron. The degree of hazard of UVR was quantitatively evaluated in accordance with the guidelines of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.

Results

Effective irradiances measured in this study were in the range 0.045-2.2 mW/cm2 at a distance of 500 mm from the welding arc. The maximum allowable exposure times corresponding to these levels were only 1.4-67 s/day.

Conclusions

UVR emitted during arc welding of cast iron has the following characteristics: (a) It is more hazardous at higher welding currents. (b) The magnitude of the hazard, which depends on the welding process, increases in the order of GMAW > SMAW > GTAW. (c) It is influenced by the filler material used; that is, the components contained in the filler material affect the hazard of UVR. The effect is Fe > Ni, Cr
Programmed ubiquitin acetylation using genetic code expansion reveals altered ubiquitination patterns
Authors: Lacoursiere Rachel E. , O’Donoghue Patrick , Shaw Gary S.
Published: December 2019

Ubiquitination is a post‐translational modification (PTM) capable of being regulated by other PTMs, including acetylation. However, the biological consequences of acetylated ubiquitin (acUb) variants are poorly understood, due to their transient nature in vivo and poor characterization in vitro. Since Ub is known to be acetylated in human cells, we produced all possible acUb variants using genetic code expansion. We also developed a protocol that optimizes acetyl‐lysine addition to minimize mistranslated proteins and maximize site‐specific acUb protein production. Purified acUb proteins were used in pilot ubiquitination assays and found to be competent with IpaH3CT and RNF8 E3 ligases. Overall, this work provides an optimized method to express and purify all acetyl‐lysine variants for ubiquitin and shows these proteins can be used to identify potential unique ubiquitination patterns.