bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of particle-particle correlations and the ridge effect in proton-proton collisions
Authors: Calé G. , Chachamis G. , Vera A. Sabio
Published: October 2024

In high-energy particle physics, the study of particle-particle correlations in proton-proton and heavy-ion collisions constitutes a pivotal frontier in the effort to understand the fundamental dynamics of the strong force. To the best of our knowledge, we employ for the first time the Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov dynamics implemented in a Monte Carlo code in momentum space to compute final-state correlations in proton-proton collisions. Our present work aims to investigate whether the particular dynamics of the high-energy limit of QCD can contribute to the long-range rapidity correlations and the enigmatic ridge effect in proton-proton collisions.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Theoretical study of
N(1535)
and
Σ*(1/2−)
in the Cabibbo-favored process
Λc+→pK¯0η
Authors: Li Ying , Liu Si-Wei , Wang En , Li De-Min , Geng Li-Sheng , Xie Ju-Jun
Published: October 2024

Motivated by the recent experimental measurements, we have investigated the Cabibbo-favored process Λc+→pK¯0η, where the N(1535) resonance is dynamically generated from the S-wave pseudoscalar meson-octet baryon interactions within the chiral unitary approach. The contributions from the intermediate N(1650) and the predicted low-lying baryon Σ*(1/2−) are also considered. In addition, a Breit-Wigner amplitude for the N(1535) resonance is checked. By comparing with the measured ηp, K¯0η, and pK¯0 invariant mass squared distributions, our results support the interpretation of N(1535) as a dynamically generated state. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, with the contribution from Σ*(1/2−) taken into account, the calculated invariant mass distributions agree with the Belle measurements. Future precise measurements of the Λc+→pK¯0η process can further elucidate the existence of the low-lying baryon Σ*(1/2−).

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Ultralight dark matter explanation of NANOGrav observations
Authors: Chowdhury Debtosh , Hait Arpan , Mohanty Subhendra , Prakash Suraj
Published: October 2024

The angular correlation of pulsar residuals observed by NANOGrav and other pulsar timing array collaborations show evidence in support of the Hellings-Downs correlation expected from stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB). In this paper, we offer a nongravitational wave explanation of the observed pulsar timing correlations as caused by an ultralight Lμ−Lτ gauge boson dark matter (ULDM). ULDM can affect the pulsar correlations in two ways. The gravitational potential of vector ULDM gives rise to a Shapiro time delay of the pulsar signals and a nontrivial angular correlation (as compared to the scalar ULDM case). In addition, if the pulsars have a nonzero charge of the dark matter gauge group, then the electric field of the local dark matter causes an oscillation of the pulsar and a corresponding Doppler shift of the pulsar signal. We point out that pulsars carry a significant charge of muons, and thus the Lμ−Lτ vector dark matter contributes to both the Doppler oscillations and the time delay of the pulsar signals. The synergy between these two effects provides a better fit to the shape of the angular correlation function, as observed by the NANOGrav collaboration, compared to the standard SGWB explanation or the SGWB combined with time delay explanations. Our analysis shows that, in addition to the SGWB signal, there may potentially be excess timing residuals attributable to the Lμ−Lτ ULDM.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Inflaton production of scalar dark matter through fluctuations and scattering
Authors: Choi Gongjun , Garcia Marcos A. G. , Ke Wenqi , Mambrini Yann , Olive Keith A. , Verner Sarunas
Published: October 2024

We study the effects on particle production of a Planck-suppressed coupling between the inflaton and a scalar dark matter candidate, χ. In the absence of this coupling the dominant source for the relic density of χ is the long wavelength modes produced from the scalar field fluctuations during inflation. In this case, there are strong constraints on the mass of the scalar and the reheating temperature after inflation from the present-day relic density of χ (assuming χ is stable). When a coupling σϕ2χ2 is introduced, with σ=σ˜mϕ2/MP2∼10−10σ˜, where mϕ is the inflaton mass, the allowed parameter space begins to open up considerably even for σ˜ as small as ≳10−7. For σ˜≳916, particle production is dominated by the scattering of the inflaton condensate, either through single graviton exchange or the contact interaction between ϕ and χ. In this regime, the range of allowed masses and reheating temperatures is maximal. For 0.004<σ˜<50, constraints from isocurvature fluctuations are satisfied, and the production from parametric resonance can be neglected.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Worldtube excision method for intermediate-mass-ratio inspirals: Self-consistent evolution in a scalar-charge model
Authors: Wittek Nikolas A. , Pound Adam , Pfeiffer Harald P. , Barack Leor
Published: October 2024

This is a third installment in a program to develop a method for alleviating the scale disparity in binary black hole simulations with mass ratios in the intermediate astrophysical range, where simulation cost is prohibitive while purely perturbative methods may not be adequate. The method is based on excising a “worldtube” around the smaller object, much larger than the object itself, replacing it with an analytical model that approximates a tidally deformed black hole. Previously [N. A. Wittek , Worldtube excision method for intermediate-mass-ratio inspirals: Scalar-field model in 3+1 dimensions, ] we have tested the idea in a toy model of a scalar charge in a fixed circular geodesic orbit around a Schwarzschild black hole, solving for the massless Klein-Gordon field in 3+1 dimensions on the p platform. Here we take the significant further step of allowing the orbit to evolve radiatively, in a self-consistent manner, under the effect of back-reaction from the scalar field. We compute the inspiral orbit and the emitted scalar-field waveform, showing a good agreement with perturbative calculations in the adiabatic approximation. We also demonstrate how our simulations accurately resolve postadiabatic effects (for which we do not have perturbative results). In this work we focus on quasicircular inspirals. Our implementation is publicly accessible in the p numerical relativity code.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Spatiotemporal Modeling of Mitochondrial Network Architecture
Authors: Holt Keaton B. , Winter Julius , Manley Suliana , Koslover Elena F.
Published: October 2024

In many cell types, mitochondria undergo extensive fusion and fission to form dynamic, responsive network structures that contribute to a number of homeostatic, metabolic, and signaling functions. The relationship between the dynamic interactions of individual mitochondrial units and the cell-scale network architecture remains an open area of study. In this work, we use coarse-grained simulations and approximate analytic models to establish how the network morphology is governed by local mechanical and kinetic parameters. The transition between fragmented structures and extensive networks is controlled by local fusion-to-fission ratios, network density, and geometric constraints. Similar fusion rate constants are found to account for the very different structures formed by mammalian networks (poised at the percolation transition) and well-connected budding yeast networks. Over a broad parameter range, the simulated network structures can be described by effective mean-field association constants that exhibit a nonlinear dependence on the microscopic nonequilibrium fusion, fission, and transport rates. Intermediate fusion rate constants are shown to result in the highest rates of network remodeling, with mammalian mitochondrial networks situated in a regime of high turnover. This spatially resolved modeling and simulation framework helps elucidate the emergence of cellular scale network structures, and allows for the quantitative extraction of microscopic kinetic parameters from past and future experimental data.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Crystal structure of a hydrogen-bonded 2:1 co-crystal of 4-nitrophenol and 4,4′-bipyridine
Authors: Gotingco Angela , Villanueva Contreras Merary , Wolfarth Jeanette A. , Stieber S. Chantal E. , Marr Zoe Y.
Published: October 2024

In the title compound, C10H8N2·2C6H5NO3, 4-nitrophenol and 4,4′-bipyridine crystallized together in a 2:1 ratio in the space group P21/n. There is a hydrogen-bonding interaction between the nitrogen atoms on the 4,4′-bipyridine molecule and the hydrogen atom on the hydroxyl group on the 4-nitrophenol, resulting in trimolecular units. This structure is a polymorph of a previously reported structure [Nayak & Pedireddi (2016). Cryst. Growth Des.
16, 5966–5975], which differs mainly due to a twist in the 4,4′-bipyridine molecule.
An exploratory study on a comprehensive set of criteria for facade assessment
Authors: Zekri Amirhossein , Tarkashvand Abbas , Ekhlassi Ahmad
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The presentation of all required criteria that a facade should fulfill needs to be revised, particularly considering novel perspectives on facade. This study aims to fill this need because leaving it unsolved leads the specialists to evaluate and design facades based on insufficient data resulting in imprecise decisions in both areas.

Design/methodology/approach

An exploratory study was conducted based on library resources to identify and extract the criteria, which were coded openly and axially, and categorized via a new standpoint. Shannon method was also used to analyze categories’ frequencies.

Findings

In total, 42 criteria were found and organized in five categories: “Environmental Aspects,” “Social Impacts,” “Economic Aspects,” “Efficiency and Effectiveness” and “Technical Issues.” This study adds 20 criteria, including “Natural Resource Depletion” and “Clients’ Preferences,” to facade assessment criteria compared to previous studies. Compared to similar research, “Technical Aspects” is augmented to this field's categorizations, whereas “Social Impacts” and “Environmental Aspects” are provided in a more extensive way.

Research limitations/implications

The research proceeded until theoretical saturation; therefore, there is no claim to be the most comprehensive. The findings are instrumental to professionals for making practical decisions. The concentration and frequency of the literature will offer an insight to academics about the pioneering fields of facade development.

Originality/value

This study presents a comprehensive and up-to-date set of facade assessment criteria based on new approaches that see facade as a multifunctional component that must address various requirements beyond aesthetics.
Building employability in PASS leaders through peer-assisted study sessions (PASS) programs
Authors: Despotovic William Vuk , McPhail Ruth , Schmidtke David
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The peer-assisted study sessions program (PASS) – variously known as supplemental instruction, peer mentoring and peer-assisted learning – is regarded as a global phenomenon in academic support interventions and has well established presence in higher education. The purpose of this study was to add to the body of knowledge of how PASS may add value to the employability of the student leaders, in relation to the CareerEDGE model.

Design/methodology/approach

This qualitative research was based on interviews from a sample of 18 former PASS leaders who have since obtained employment.

Findings

Findings demonstrate that being a PASS leader enhanced many of their competencies as defined by CareerEDGE model, for example subject related knowledge, interpersonal skills and some generic skills. However, many of the reported competency enhancements led to unexpected future career advancement.

Research limitations/implications

This study contributes to the body of knowledge relating to how PASS may add value to the employability of student leaders in relation to the CareerEDGE model using a sample of leaders who have already graduated and have obtained employment. Limitations of this study include: lack of generalisability of small geographically isolated sample; coding and analsysis not comparing findings from different demographic groups; only explores individual perceptions and relies on self-reported data.

Practical implications

The results of this study have implications for the development of future PASS programs and other similar academic support interventions. Given the global prevalence of such programs in higher education institutions, this research may have wide-scale transferability. Insights from this paper will allow future PASS leaders to proactively reflect and evaluate their experience and increase their confidence in pursuing their employment opportunities.

Originality/value

While there is much understanding on the role that PASS has in improving students grades and in improving retention rates, less is known about the value of this experience on improving student employability, and little attempt has been made in examining this within relevant employability models post-employment.
A grey incidence-based algorithm for optimization of accelerated degradation test
Authors: Zhang Weikang , Gu Huiru , Wu Sainan , Zhong Shusen , Yang Jing , Luan Huiqin , Li Qi
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to optimize the degradation test for products subject to multiple types of inherent stresses and external random shocks. The mechanism that shows how the variables to be optimized influence the considered multiple objectives is also aimed to be explored by using the grey incidence analysis (GIA) model.

Design/methodology/approach

The Gamma process is employed to model the influences of different types of stresses and external random shocks. The GIA model is introduced to transfer multiple considered objectives as a comprehensive degree of grey incidence. The particle swarm optimization is integrated to search the globally optimal value of the characteristic variables to be optimized.

Findings

The acceleration of tested stresses and external random shocks both make the engineering systems become more vulnerable to the inherent degradation. And, the Kriging model can provide guidance of searching the optimal values of test characteristic variables and mitigate the computation burden. The grey incidence model can make the optimization focused and improve the optimality of objective values.

Originality/value

The proposed method can effectively overcome the drawbacks brought by the limitation of test data and can specify the dependence strength between the inherent degradation and external random shock. The computation cost and accuracy of optimization can be simultaneously ensured by the proposed model.
Is there a link between neurodiversity and stalking? a systematic review
Authors: Baciu Andrei , Worthington Rachel
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The increasing conviction rates of stalking in the UK have prompted efforts to identify factors that may influence individuals to engage in such behaviour. Over two million people in England and Wales experience stalking every year, with estimated reoffending rates for stalking being between 25 and 55% (ONS, 2022; McEwan et al., 2017). Research has identified risk factors that may contribute towards stalking behaviours, which has included obsessive relational pursuit and online impulsivity (Post et al., 2014a; Rocheleau, 2019). This has resulted in researchers postulating a link between facets of neurodiversity and stalking behaviour (Freckelton, 2013). The purpose of this study was to examine the evidence base for any link between neurodiversity and stalking.

Design/methodology/approach

The Systematic Review was performed according to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Papers were screened for quality appraisal and risk of bias. The initial search yielded 3,880 articles. A total of 10 papers were deemed as meeting the inclusion criteria.

Findings

There is insufficient research quality regarding neurodiversity and stalking perpetration due to poor diagnostic reliability of neurodiversity and a lack of reliable tools being used in the research which do not meet the definitions of stalking. As such, the existing research about neurodiversity and stalking perpetration is inconclusive and predominantly unreliable. Tentative evidence indicated that people with neurodiversity were at greater risk of being victims of stalking and that for the minority of people with neurodiversity who engage in stalking the factors that contribute towards this mirror those of neurotypical individuals.

Practical implications

Overall, the factors contributing to stalking highlighted by the included studies, such as difficulties with communication, empathy, insight into social functioning, interpersonal competence and ways of forming relationships with others, seem to map onto the deficits of neurotypical stalking perpetrators (Canter and Youngs, 2012; Lewis et al., 2001; Mullen et al., 2006). However, tools that contextualise neurodiversity in the context of risk assessments for stalking may be helpful (Al-Attar, 2019, 2021).

Originality/value

Recommendations for further research are made to gain a robust understanding of any potential relationship between neurodiversity and stalking and in particular a risk of stalking victimisation.
Striking the balance: Fiqh Bi’ah and Productive Waqf Forests (PWFs) for sustainable forest management in Indonesia
Authors: Umam Khoirul , Fedro Alfarid , Isro'i Moch Imron , Ekayani Meti
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study aims to address the challenge of balancing economic development with environmental protection in the context of productive waqf forests (PWFs). The inherent tension between forest productivity and protection necessitates a model that ensures sustainable utilization. This research proposes a novel framework by integrating fiqh bi'ah (Islamic environmental jurisprudence) with a model for PWFs development.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a qualitative approach, the analytical network process (ANP) analyzes data gathered through a literature review of Islamic environmental jurisprudence (fiqh bi'ah) on environment and waqf, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with academics, practitioners and regulators in fiqh bi'ah and waqf forest management.

Findings

Three potential PWFs development models emerge from the fiqh bi'ah literature; Harim (maintaining the natural forest state for intangible benefits like oxygen and biodiversity), Hima (sustainable utilization of forest products while preserving ecological components) and Ihya’ al-mawat (developing unproductive land into a future forest). The ANP analysis reveals that Hima is the most preferred model by all stakeholders, followed by Ihya’ al-mawat. The Harim model received lower preference due to limited economic potential. Additionally, experts suggest tourism-based forest management as the most suitable approach for all three PWFs models.

Originality/value

This study offers a novel PWFs development model grounded in fiqh bi'ah principles. By using ANP to integrate diverse stakeholder perspectives, the research provides valuable insights for sustainable and ethical management of PWFs resources, contributing to the literature on Islamic finance and business models.
Strategic planning best practices: strengthening the planning-performance relationship
Authors: Rau Devaki , Flores Luis , Simha Aditya
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study builds on the practice-based view of strategy to examine whether the three most commonly prescribed strategic planning best practices – scanning, communication openness and participative decision-making – actually strengthen the planning-performance relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses objective performance data and data from a survey of 159 managers from 43 publicly listed US firms to test the hypothesized moderation effects of best practices. The analysis uses hierarchical regression.

Findings

At high levels of planning, firms high in participative decision-making and low in openness and scanning outperform firms low in participation and high in openness and scanning. The results reverse at low levels of planning.

Research limitations/implications

This is a cross-sectional study with a small sample. The response rate was modest; hence, the results should be treated as exploratory. Since the sample is not random, the results may not be generalizable.

Practical implications

While managers may find a best practice label helpful, the best practices implemented within a firm need to fit existing planning processes in order to increase planning effectiveness.

Originality/value

While academic scholarship sometimes struggles with generating actionable prescriptions for improving strategic planning, recommendations by practitioners lack empirical backing. This study builds on the practice-based view of strategy to bridge this gap. These results are consistent with both academic and practitioner literature on strategic planning in finding that the best practices of scanning, openness and participative decision-making strengthen the planning-performance relationship at different planning levels, possibly by underpinning the firm’s dynamic capabilities.
Human–Robot interaction research in hospitality and tourism: trends and future directions
Authors: Liu Gus Guanrong , Benckendorff Pierre , Walters Gabby
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to synthesize the evolving research of human–robot interaction (HRI) in the hospitality and tourism industry, identifying gaps and setting directions for future research.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a mixed-method approach, the study combines inductive co-citation analysis with deductive theory-context-characteristics-methodology analysis.

Findings

The findings trace the progression of HRI knowledge from initial feasibility and acceptance studies to advanced post-adoption experience management. The analysis identifies prevalent theories such as anthropomorphism theory, specific contexts like hotel environments, diverse robot types (e.g. embodied robots), outcome measures (e.g. use intention) and methodologies predominantly comprising survey-based analyses and experimental approaches. The analysis not only illuminates areas of research attention but also uncovers under-explored topics, offering a roadmap for future inquiry in tourism and HRI research.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to the literature by providing a structured framework that not only maps the intellectual structure of HRI research in tourism but also proposes a cohesive integration of disparate theories and methodologies, addressing both practical and academic gaps.
A case of peeling skin syndrome type 1 with novel CDSN gene variation successfully treated with upadacitinib
Authors: Chen Yusha , Geng Jia , Xiao Yue , Zhou Xingli , Li Mengmeng , Li Wei
Published: October 2024

Peeling skin syndrome type 1 (PSS1) is an autosomal recessive genodermatosis caused by the CDSN gene loss‐of‐function mutation and characterized by widespread superficial skin peeling and erythroderma with unbearable pruritus. Because of its ultra‐rarity and unclear mechanism, this rare disease has no established treatment regimen. Herein, we reported a Chinese woman who presented with congenital generalized pruritic erythroderma and exfoliation, notable for significantly elevated IgE levels. The whole exome sequencing identified an unpublished homozygous variant (c.295C>T, p.Gln99*) in the CDSN gene, confirming the diagnosis of PSS1. Immunohistochemistry analysis of the affected skin confirmed the lack of corneodesmosin expression, revealed the overexpression of T helper 2 (Th2)–related cytokines harboring interleukin (IL) 4 and IL‐13. After Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) inhibitor upadacitinib administration, both the patient's skin rashes and itching symptoms were significantly alleviated. Our work expanded the PSS1‐related CDSN gene mutation spectrums, substantiated the hypothesis regarding the overexpression of Th2‐related cytokines, and uncovered the important role of JAK1 underlying PSS1. JAK1 signaling may dominate the pathogenesis in PSS1 and represent a potential therapeutic target.
Second malignancy in advanced or recurrent non‐small cell lung cancer after the advent of molecular targeted drugs and immunotherapy
Authors: Masui Yoshihiro , Shukuya Takehito , Kataoka Shunichi , Shiozaki Hitomi , Kurokawa Kana , Nakamura Ikuko , Miyawaki Taichi , Koinuma Yoshika , Asao Tetsuhiko , Kanemaru Ryota , Shimamura Shoko Sonobe , Mimori Tomoyasu , Mitsuishi Yoichiro , Tajima Ken , Shimada Naoko , Takahashi Kazuhisa
Published: October 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of patients with recurrent or advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) or immune‐checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) who developed secondary malignancies, as well as evaluate the impact of these secondary malignancies on the course of lung cancer.

Materials and Methods

This study included 112 patients with postoperative recurrent or advanced NSCLC, who received TKIs, ICIs, or immune combination therapy as the primary treatment modality between April 1, 2013, and March 31, 2020, and achieved long‐term survival (≥2 years). Secondary malignancies were defined as newly diagnosed cancers in other organs occurring after NSCLC treatment initiation.

Results

Among the 112 patients, 10 (8.9%) developed 12 carcinomas, including third primary malignancies. Univariate analysis, considering secondary malignancies as the outcome, revealed a non‐significant trend towards a higher incidence of secondary malignancies in smokers compared to non‐smokers.

Conclusion

This study found that 8.9% of patients with advanced NSCLC who received TKIs, ICIs, or immune combination therapy and survived ≥2 years developed secondary malignancies. This underscores the importance of early diagnosis and treatment, even during lung cancer treatment, to identify suspicious lesions in other organs either via imaging or physical examinations.
Increased levels of extracellular matrix proteins associated with extracellular vesicles from brains of aged mice
Authors: Kaplelach Azariah K. , Murchison Charles F. , Kojima Kyoko , Mobley James A. , Arrant Andrew E.
Published: October 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by all major cell types of the brain, providing a mode of intercellular communication and a pathway for disposal of cellular debris. EVs help maintain healthy brain function, but may also contribute to diseases affecting the brain. EVs might contribute to aging of the brain, as aging‐related processes such as inflammation and cellular senescence may alter EV cargo, promoting further inflammation and senescence. However, the effects of aging on brain EVs and the function of EVs in the aging brain remain poorly understood. To address this question, we measured the levels and protein cargo of EVs isolated from the brains of 4‐, 12‐, and 22‐month‐old C57BL/6J mice. We detected no changes in EV levels, but observed age‐dependent changes in EV proteins. EV fractions from aged (22 month old) brains contained higher levels of extracellular matrix proteins than EV fractions from young (4 month old) brains, with intermediate levels in 12‐month‐old brains. Specifically, EV fractions from aged mice contained elevated levels of hyaluronan and proteoglycan link proteins 1 and 2 and several chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). Analysis of extracellular matrix in several brain regions of aged mice revealed increased immunolabeling for the CSPG aggrecan, but reduced labeling with Wisteria floribunda agglutinin, which binds to chondroitin sulfate side chains of CSPGs. These data are consistent with prior studies showing changes to the composition of extracellular matrix in aged brains, and indicate a novel association of EVs with changes in the extracellular matrix of the aging brain.
Is lifestyle different in male partners experiencing recurrent pregnancy loss compared to men fathering a live birth?
Authors: Lindman Johanna , Vomstein Kilian , Egerup Pia , Krog Maria Christine , Nielsen Henriette Svarre
Published: October 2024

Background

Recurrent pregnancy loss is characterized by three or more consecutive pregnancy losses. Although the causes of recurrent pregnancy loss are often unknown, chromosomal defects and fetal anomalies account for a significant proportion of cases. Previous research has primarily focused on maternal factors, but recent attention has shifted to the role of male lifestyle factors.

Objectives

This study examined how male lifestyle factors and chronic illnesses affect recurrent pregnancy loss in a Danish cohort. Objectives included analyzing demographic and clinical features, as well as assessing lifestyle factors and pregnancy outcomes.

Materials and methods

We included 741 males referred to the Danish recurrent pregnancy loss unit between 2009 and 2021, alongside a control group of 1173 males from the PREGCO study. Data on demography, clinical features, lifestyle factors, and pregnancy outcomes were collected and analyzed.

Results

The recurrent pregnancy loss group had a higher mean age compared to the controls. Although there was a trend suggesting a higher prevalence of obesity in the recurrent pregnancy loss group, statistical significance was not reached. The prevalence of chronic illnesses was similar in both groups. In the recurrent pregnancy loss group, a higher body mass index and history of previous or current smoking were associated with a lower pregnancy rate, and men who never smoked had an increased likelihood of achieving pregnancy. However, these associations lost significance after adjusting for potential confounders.

Discussion

The study suggests an association between male obesity and smoking, and decreased pregnancy rates after referral for recurrent pregnancy loss. However, further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and establish causality in this association.

Conclusion

The study reveals potential associations between male smoking, male obesity, and reduced pregnancy rates in individuals referred for recurrent pregnancy loss. These findings emphasize the importance of considering male lifestyle factors in the evaluation and management of recurrent pregnancy loss.
Changes in practice of less‐invasive surfactant administration (LISA) in United Kingdom neonatal units
Authors: Shetty Sandeep , Tolentino Donna , Lau Cheryl , Duffy Donovan , Greenough Anne
Published: October 2024

Aim

To determine whether the use of less‐invasive surfactant administration (LISA) had changed between 2018 and 2024.

Methods

An online questionnaire was sent to all 191 neonatal units between June 2023 and May 2024. One consultant from each neonatal unit was randomly selected. Follow‐up was done by telephone (middle‐grade doctor grade and above or alternatively to Advanced Neonatal Nurse Practitioners) for the non‐responders.

Results

Response rate was 100%from 191 units neonatal units. LISA was used in 134 (70%) neonatal units in 2024 compared to 35 (18.7%) units in 2018 (p < 0.001). The reason why LISA was not performed was lack of experience/training (51%) or not having a standardised practice/guideline (49%). LISA in the delivery suite (DS) had increased from 2% in 2018 to 16% in 2024, and the use of video laryngoscope for LISA is becoming standard of practice. The oxygen requirement criteria for the use of LISA in both the DS and on neonatal unit had reduced to FiO2 of 0.3 or more.

Conclusion

The uptake of LISA had increased in the United Kingdom. There is greater use of LISA in the DS. Lack of training and expertise were the major limiting factors for LISA not being performed.
Slow codes, multiple layers of deception, and partial solutions
Authors: Meyers Christopher
Published: October 2024

It is not unusual for patients or families to disagree with healthcare professionals (HCPs) over best treatment options. Conversation typically results and mutually agreeable choices are implemented. Rarely, but increasingly, patients or families will request, even demand, interventions the treating team believes will be ineffective (they will not achieve the intended goal) or inappropriate (the medical or moral harms clearly outweigh any potential benefits). One's duty as an HCP requires one to refuse such interventions, but resulting patient or family conflict makes such refusals challenging, even traumatic, and HCPs often acquiesce. Some states have legal options that protect HCPs and their respective institutions when they make such unilateral choices, but the process is complex, time‐consuming, and emotionally fraught. In this paper, We describe one especially difficult case, using it as a paradigmatic example of when, and why, a slow code is sometimes, if rarely, justified. We also discuss strategies HCPs can use to reduce the need for this, admittedly problematic, solution.
Predecessors of Behavioural Initiatives by People With Profound Intellectual Disabilities During Their Interactions With Support Staff: An Exploratory Microanalytical Analysis
Authors: Penninga Wieneke , Hendriks Alexander H. C. , van Bakel Hedwig J. A. , Embregts Petri J. C. M.
Published: October 2024

Background

Initiating meaningful moments of interaction with people with profound intellectual disabilities can prove to be difficult for support staff. Exploring the behaviour of support staff that precedes the initiations of behaviour by people with profound intellectual disabilities helps to shed light upon the potential facilitating effects of staff behaviour.

Methods

Three meaningful moments of interaction between support staff and people with profound intellectual disabilities that were recorded were then microanalytically coded, along with the initial onset of these moments. Each behaviour initiated by people with profound intellectual disabilities was examined to see what specific behaviour by the support staff began precedingly.

Findings

The most frequently displayed ‘staff–client’ behavioural sequences were ‘looking’, ‘moving with head’, ‘moving with arms’ or ‘vocalisation’ of support staff followed by the person with profound intellectual disabilities ‘moving with head’, the staff member ‘moving with arms’ followed by the person with profound intellectual disabilities ‘moving with arms’ and the staff member ‘touching’ followed by the person with profound intellectual disabilities ‘vocalising’. These behavioural sequences occurred less frequently during meaningful moments of interaction in comparison to their onset.

Conclusions

It is important that support staff are cognisant of all the (subtle) behavioural changes in people with profound intellectual disabilities (especially movements with their head) to discern potential behavioural responses. Moreover, they should be cognisant of their own behaviour, insofar as the conscious use of behaviour may facilitate the development of meaningful interactions.
Automatic Inbetweening for Stroke‐Based Painterly Animation
Authors: Barroso Nicolas , Fondevilla Amélie , Vanderhaeghe David
Published: October 2024

Painterly 2D animation, like the paint‐on‐glass technique, is a tedious task performed by skilled artists, primarily using traditional manual methods. Although CG tools can simplify the creation process, previous works often focus on temporal coherence, which typically results in the loss of the handmade look and feel. In contrast to cartoon animation, where regions are typically filled with smooth gradients, stroke‐based stylized 2D animation requires careful consideration of how shapes are filled, as each stroke may be perceived individually. We propose a method to generate intermediate frames using example keyframes and a motion description. This method allows artists to create only one image for every five to 10 output images in the animation, while the automatically generated intermediate frames provide plausible inbetween frames.
Hybrid HAN‐CNN with aspect term extraction for sentiment analysis using product review
Authors: Kalaivaani P. C. D. , Sathyarajasekaran K. , Krishnamoorthy N. , Kumaravel T.
Published: October 2024

In this article, an intensive sentiment analysis approach termed Hierarchical attention‐convolutional neural network (HAN‐CNN) has been proposed using product reviews. Firstly, the input product review is subjected to Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers (BERT) tokenization, where the input data of each sentence are partitioned into little bits of words. Thereafter, Aspect Term Extraction (ATE) is carried out and feature extraction is completed utilizing some features. Finally, sentiment analysis is accomplished by the developed HAN‐CNN, which is formed by combining a Hierarchical Attention Network (HAN) and a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Moreover, the proposed HAN‐CNN achieved a greater performance with maximum accuracy, recall and F1‐Score of 91.70%, 90.60% and 91.20%, respectively.
COVID‐19 is associated with cardiac structural and functional remodelling in healthy middle‐aged and older individuals
Authors: Rahman Mushidur , Russell Sophie L. , Okwose Nduka C. , McGregor Gordon , Maddock Helen , Banerjee Prithwish , Jakovljevic Djordje G.
Published: October 2024

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) was declared a global pandemic in 2019. It remains uncertain to what extent COVID‐19 effects the heart in heathy individuals. To evaluate the effect of the COVID‐19 on cardiac structure and function in middle‐aged and older individuals.

Methods

A single‐centre prospective observational study enroled a total of 124 participants (84 with history of COVID‐19 [COVID‐19 group] and 40 without a history of COVID‐19 [non‐COVID group]). All participants underwent echocardiography with speckle tracking to assess cardiac structure and function at rest and during peak exercise.

Results

There were no differences in left and right ventricular diastolic function (p ≥ 0.05) between the COVID‐19 and non‐COVID‐19 groups. Participants in COVID‐19 group demonstrated higher left ventricular mass (130 ± 39.8 vs. 113 ± 27.2 g, p = 0.008) and relative wall thickness (0.38 ± 0.07 vs. 0.36 ± 0.13, p = 0.049). Left ventricular global longitudinal strain was reduced in the COVID‐19 group at rest and at peak‐exercise (rest: 18.3 ± 2.01 vs. 19.3 ± 1.53%, p = 0.004; peak exercise: 19.1 ± 2.20 vs. 21.0 ± 1.58%, p ≤ 0.001). However, no difference was seen in resting left ventricular ejection fraction (58 ± 2.89 vs. 59 ± 2.51%, p = 0.565) between groups. Right ventricular fractional area change was reduced in the COVID‐19 group (p = 0.012).

Conclusion

Cardiac structural and functional remodelling was observed in middle‐aged and older otherwise healthy individuals with a history of COVID‐19.
Deletion of Transmembrane protein 184b leads to retina degeneration in mice
Authors: Liu Guo , Liu Tiannan , Tan Junkai , Jiang Xiaoyan , Fan Yudi , Sun Kuanxiang , Liu Wenjing , Liu Xuyang , Yang Yeming , Zhu Xianjun
Published: October 2024

Transmembrane protein 184b (Tmem184b) has been implicated in axon degeneration and neuromuscular junction dysfunction. Notably, Tmem184b exhibits high expression levels in the retina; however, its specific function within this tissue remains poorly understood. To elucidate the role of Tmem184b in the mammalian visual system, we developed a Tmem184b knockout (KO) model for further investigation. Loss of Tmem184b led to significant decreases in both a and b wave amplitudes of scotopic electroretinogram (ERG) and reduced b wave amplitudes of photopic ERG, respectively, reflecting damage to both the photoreceptors and secondary neuronal cells of the retina. Histologic analyses showed a progressive retinal thinning accompanied by the significantly loss of retinal cells including cone, rod, bipolar, horizontal and retinal ganglion cells. The expression levels of photo‐transduction‐related proteins were down‐regulated in KO retina. TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated biotinylated Uridine‐5'‐triphosphate [UTP] nick end labelling) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)‐labelling results suggested the increased cell death and inflammation in the KO mice. RNA‐sequencing analysis and GO enrichment analysis revealed that Tmem184b deletion resulted in down‐regulated genes involved in various biological processes such as visual perception, response to hypoxia, regulation of transmembrane transporter activity. Taken together, our study revealed essential roles of Tmem184b in the mammalian retina and confirmed the underlying mechanisms including cell death, inflammation and hypoxia pathway in the absence of Tmem184b, providing a potential target for therapeutic and diagnostic development.
Global Variability of Degree Distribution in Marine Food Webs
Authors: Xu Yan , Jordán Ferenc , Zhou Mingliang , Huo Xumeng , Cai Yanpeng , Ur Rehman Syed Aziz , Sun Jun
Published: October 2024

Aim

In complex networks, the degree distribution varies and provides an insight into the general structure of the system. For example, it may show scale‐free characteristics of the network, indicating higher vulnerability against non‐random disturbances. However, investigating its spatio‐temporal variability, degree distribution in marine food webs remains an unresolved issue. In this paper, we focus on describing the global variability of degree distribution in marine food webs.

Location

Global.

Methods

We studied 105 marine food webs. By Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, and kernel density estimation, we determined the degree distribution of each food web, described its spatio‐temporal pattern and quantified the correlation between relevant parameters as a function of the scale‐free property of the degree distribution.

Results

Marine food webs around the globe did not strictly exhibit scale‐free characteristics in most regions, and only below 5% of the food webs entered the “strongest fit” level of the scale‐free network. We also find food webs in the polar regions indicate relatively high goodness‐of‐fit to scale‐free networks. The upwelling ecosystem related to ocean currents is prone to form a scale‐free web, which exhibits periodic scale‐free characteristics. The ecosystem types with relatively ‘low fit’ levels were mainly concentrated in the ecosystems heavily influenced by human activities.

Main Conclusions

This research will enhance the research in terms of (a) classifying degree distribution in marine food webs; (b) revealing the variability in the spatial pattern of particular distributions, for example, the scale‐free characteristics and (c) exploring the distribution of in‐degree in space, quantifying the proportion of generalist and specialist species, as a potential indicator of adaptive potential of ecosystems. This research contributes to our understanding of the scale‐free features of marine food webs globally. It also offers a real systems‐based conservation approach to assess the spatial heterogeneity of the structural vulnerability of marine ecosystems.
Semaglutide in patients with kidney failure and obesity undergoing dialysis and wishing to be transplanted: A prospective, observational, open‐label study
Authors: Vanek Lenka , Kurnikowski Amelie , Krenn Simon , Mussnig Sebastian , Hecking Manfred
Published: October 2024

Aims

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and obesity are major global health challenges, eventually leading to kidney replacement therapy (KRT), but body mass index (BMI) thresholds hinder kidney transplantation. Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists induce weight loss, thereby offering attractive treatment options; however, their safety and efficacy have not been systematically investigated in patients undergoing dialysis.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a prospective 12‐week, open‐label trial with 13 patients who had a BMI ≥ 30.00 kg/m2, were undergoing dialysis (12 haemodialysis and 1 peritoneal dialysis) and had not been listed for transplantation due to their weight. Semaglutide was administered once weekly subcutaneously, and the dose was increased from 0.25 mg to 0.5 mg and then to 1 mg. Study endpoints included change in body weight and BMI (primary – statistically evaluated by repeated measures analysis of variance [ANOVA]), side effects, adverse events, blood parameters and patient‐reported outcomes (secondary).

Results

At baseline, the mean age ± standard deviation of patients was 64.0 ± 6.4 years, the mean weight was 113.9 ± 16.6 kg, and the mean BMI was 37.3 ± 3.9 kg/m2. At week 12, average weight reduction under semaglutide treatment was 4.6 ± 2.4 kg and ranged from 2.0 to 9.7 kg (p < 0.001 for weight and BMI reduction across the study period). One patient discontinued treatment due to nausea/vomiting, two patients died of unrelated causes and six patients reported side effects. Approximately 9 months after the treatment started, three patients were able to seriously reconsider being listed for transplantation.

Conclusions

Semaglutide treatment resulted in significant reduction in weight and BMI in patients with obesity undergoing dialysis, while maintaining an acceptable side effect profile comparable to that of the non‐dialysis population.
Staff engagement, co‐workers' complementarity and employee retention: evidence from English NHS hospitals
Authors: Moscelli Giuseppe , Sayli Melisa , Mello Marco , Vesperoni Alberto
Published: October 2024

Retention of skilled workers is essential for labour‐intensive organizations like hospitals, where an excessive turnover of doctors and nurses can reduce the quality and quantity of services provided to patients. Exploiting a unique and rich panel dataset based on employee‐level payroll and staff survey records from the universe of English NHS hospitals, we investigate empirically the role played by two non‐pecuniary job factors, staff engagement and the retention of complementary co‐workers, in affecting employee retention within the public hospital sector. We estimate dynamic panel data models to deal with reverse causality bias, and validate these estimates through unconditional quantile regressions with hospital‐level fixed effects. Our findings show that a one standard deviation increase in nurse engagement is associated with a 16% standard deviation increase in their retention; and also that a 10% increase in nurse retention is associated with a 1.6% increase in doctor retention, with this co‐workers' complementarity spillover effect driven by the retention of more experienced nurses. Nurse and doctor engagement is positively associated with managers who have effective communication, involve staff in the decision‐making process, and act on staff feedback; in particular, older nurse engagement is responsive to managers caring for staff health and wellbeing.