bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Rearrangement of 3‐Silyloxy‐1,5‐enynes: An Efficient Synthesis of Benzo[b]thiophenes, Dibenzothiophenes, Dibenzofurans, and Indole Derivatives.
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Yang Weibo , Rominger Frank
Published: August 2012

Benzanellated heterocycles are efficiently synthesized by the present new tandem 5‐endo‐dig cyclization/2,3‐shift procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Enantioselective Approach Towards 2‐Substituted 3‐Bromopyrrolidines.
Authors: Chen Jie , Zhou Ling , Yeung Ying‐Yeung
Published: August 2012

The facile and enantioselective synthesis of the title compounds is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Three‐Component Reaction Catalyzed by Silica Sulfuric Acid: Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Pyrroles.
Authors: Tamaddon Fatemeh , Farahi Mahnaz
Published: August 2012

A novel convenient method is presented for the reaction of benzoin derivatives with 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds and ammonium acetate.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,3‐Dicarbonylated Pyrroles and Furans via the Three‐Component Hantzsch Reaction.
Authors: Moss Thomas A. , Nowak Thorsten
Published: August 2012

Various pyrrole derivatives are prepared from α‐chloroaldehydes and activated enolates.
ChemInform Abstract: Domino Cyclization—Alkylation Protocol for the Synthesis of 2,3‐Functionalized Indoles from o‐Alkynylanilines and Allylic Alcohols.
Authors: Xu Chang , Murugan Vinod K. , Pullarkat Sumod A.
Published: August 2012

A practical, mild, clean, atom‐economical and efficient protocol for the one‐pot synthesis of the title compounds is developed without the use of any additives.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric N‐Allylation of Indoles Through the Iridium‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation/Oxidation of Indolines.
Authors: Liu Wen‐Bo , Zhang Xiao , Dai Li‐Xin , You Shu‐Li
Published: August 2012

A wide range of enantioenriched N‐allylindoles is synthesized by the two‐step procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of 3‐Monosubstituted Oxindoles to (E)‐1,4‐Diaryl‐2‐buten‐1,4‐diones: A Strategy for the Indirect Enantioselective Furanylation and Pyrrolylation of 3‐Alkyloxindoles.
Authors: Liao Yu‐Hua , Liu Xiong‐Li , Wu Zhi‐Jun , Du Xi‐Lin , Zhang Xiao‐Mei , Yuan Wei‐Cheng
Published: August 2012

The disubstituted oxindoles containing a 1,4‐dicarbonyl moiety are subsequently cyclized either into 3‐furanyl‐ or 3‐pyrrolyl‐oxindoles which are difficult to obtain by other methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclization of Diaza‐β‐ketoanilides for the Synthesis of 3‐Alkylideneoxindoles.
Authors: Chan Wai‐Wing , Kwong Tsz‐Lung , Yu Wing‐Yiu
Published: August 2012

An excellent chemoselective and mild synthesis of the title compounds from easy to handle starting materials is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Expedient Synthesis of 1‐Hydroxy‐4‐ and 1‐Hydroxy‐6‐nitroindoles.
Authors: Bujok Robert , Wrobel Zbigniew , Wojciechowski Krzysztof
Published: August 2012

Nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen in 1,3‐dinitrobenzene (I) or acylation of dinitrotoluenes (VI) gives dinitrobenzoyl ketones which undergo reductive cyclization to produce the 1‐hydroxyindole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Bicyclic Guanidine Catalyzed Asymmetric Michael Additions of 3‐Benzyl‐Substituted Oxindoles to N‐Maleimides.
Authors: Li Lixin , Chen Wenchao , Yang Wenguo , Pan Yuanhang , Liu Hongjun , Tan Choon‐Hong , Jiang Zhiyong
Published: August 2012

The described approach is the first report on the stereospecific embedment of N‐benzylic α‐branched succinimides into the framework of 3,3‐disubstituted oxindoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Oxidative C2‐Acylation of Indoles with Aryl and Alkyl Aldehydes.
Authors: Zhou Bing , Yang Yaxi , Li Yuanchao
Published: August 2012

The title reaction is highly atom‐economic and provides an easy access to a wide variety of 2‐aroylindoles.
ChemInform Abstract: nBu4NI‐Catalyzed C3‐Formylation of Indoles with N‐Methylaniline.
Authors: Li Lan‐Tao , Huang Juan , Li Hong‐Ying , Wen Li‐Juan , Wang Peng , Wang Bin
Published: August 2012

Regioselective formylation of NH‐ and N‐protected indoles is smoothly achieved with N‐methylaniline in the presence of TBAI catalyst and tert‐butyl perbenzoate as oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of N‐Substituted Indoles from Indoline/Indoline Carboxylic Acid via Aromatization Followed by C—N Cross‐Coupling Reaction by Using Nano Copper Oxide as a Recyclable Catalyst.
Authors: Reddy K. Harsha Vardhan , Satish G. , Ramesh K. , Karnakar K. , Nageswar Y. V. D.
Published: August 2012

Iodides are generally more efficient than other halides.
ChemInform Abstract: Condensation of Propargylic Alcohols with Indoles and Carbazoles in [bmim][PF6] /Bi(NO3)3·5H2O: A Simple High‐Yielding Propargylation Method with Recycling and Reuse of the Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Kumar G. G. K. S. Narayana , Aridoss Gopalakrishnan , Laali Kenneth K.
Published: August 2012

The title method allows the regioselective synthesis of functionalized heterocyclic systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Spirooxindole Derivatives by One Pot Multicomponent Reaction and Their Antimicrobial Activity.
Authors: Bhaskar Gangaru , Arun Yuvaraj , Balachandran Chandrasekar , Saikumar Chandrasekara , Perumal Paramasivan T.
Published: August 2012

1,3‐Dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides, generated in situ via decarboxylative condensation of isatins (I) and (IX) and sarcosine (II) or (L)‐proline (X), to naphthoquinone (III), followed by spontaneous dehydrogenation afford the spirooxindoles (IV) and (XI), resp., in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Enantiopure 5‐Substituted 2,3‐Methanopyrrolidines by Cyclization of Enantiopure α‐Branched α‐N‐Homoallylamino Nitriles.
Authors: Ouizem Sabrina , Chemla Fabrice , Ferreira Franck , Perez‐Luna Alejandro
Published: August 2012

The transformation to the biologically important scaffolds proceeds with high diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity only for a few selected substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient and Chemoselective Method for the Thioacetalization of Aldehydes and Transthioacetalization of Acetals and Acylals Catalyzed by H2SO4‐Silica under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Pourmousavi Seied Ali , Kazemi Shaghayegh Sadat
Published: August 2012

Thioacetalization of a variety of aldehydes can be performed with 1,2‐ethanedithiol (II) using H2SO4‐silica under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Conformationally Restricted Novel Pyrazole Derivatives: Synthesis of 1,8‐Disubstituted 5,5‐Dimethyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐benzo[g]indazoles as a New Class of PDE4 Inhibitors.
Authors: Venkataiah S. , et al. et al.
Published: August 2012

New indazoles (IVa)—(IVd) show promising PDE4B inhibitory properties in vitro and good interactions with PDE4B in silico.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Diversely Substituted 1‐Heteroaryl‐2‐imidazolines for Fragment‐Based Drug Discovery.
Authors: Krasavin Mikhail
Published: August 2012

The synthesis of the title compounds (V) (20 examples) is based on a Pd‐catalyzed Buchwald—Hartwig N‐heteroarylation of 2‐imidazolines with hetaryl halides.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Aminobenzimidazole Derivatives Strongly Inhibit and Disperse Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms.
Authors: Frei Reto , Breitbach Anthony S. , Blackwell Helen E.
Published: August 2012

A small library of 2‐aminobenzimidazole derivatives (III)/(IV) is synthesized to probe their capability of inhibiting growth and dispersing Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms.
ChemInform Abstract: 3,5,5‐Trisubstituted Hydantoins from Activated (Benzyloxycarbonylamino)malonic Acids.
Authors: Hroch Lukas , Hruskova Marie , Schmitz Janina , Schnakenburg Gregor , Guetschow Michael
Published: August 2012

Trisubstituted hydantoins (VI) are obtained in low yields from malonic acid derivative (IV) via activation with oxalyl dichloride and subsequent treatment with aromatic amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxazole Synthesis from Isocyanides.
Authors: El Kaim Laurent , Grimaud Laurence , Patil Pravin
Published: August 2012

Trisubstituted oxazole derivatives of type (IV) can be prepared starting from isocyanides via a one‐pot bromination—cyclization sequence followed by Suzuki cross‐coupling of the resulting bromooxazoles with arylboronic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroamination and Ring‐Opening of Sulfonamide‐Substituted 2‐(Arylmethylene)cyclopropylcarbinols.
Authors: Zhang Di‐Han , Du Kang , Shi Min
Published: August 2012

The novel and highly regioselective title reaction is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free One‐Pot 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Dihydropyran Derived Nitrone (III).
Authors: Chakraborty Bhaskar , Sharma Prawin Kumar , Rai Neelam , Sharma Chiran Devi
Published: August 2012

Microwave‐induced 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions of nitrone (III) with activated alkenes such as (IV) and (VIII) provides access to new isoxazolidine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of N‐Phenyl‐(2‐aminothiazol‐4‐yl)acetamides with Phenoxypropanolamine Moiety as Selective β3‐Adrenergic Receptor Agonists.
Authors: Maruyama Tatsuya , Onda Kenichi , Suzuki Takayuki , Hayakawa Masahiko , Takahashi Takumi , Matsui Tetsuo , Takasu Toshiyuki , Nagase Itsuro , Ohta Mitsuaki
Published: August 2012

Compounds (Ia)—(Ic) are found to be potent β3‐adrenergic receptor agonists with functional selectivity over the β1‐ and β2‐adrenergic receptors.
ChemInform Abstract: New 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition/Dehydrogenation of Azomethine Ylides and Azodicarboxylates: Direct and Effective Construction of Unsaturated 1,2,4‐Triazolines.
Authors: Xu Xiao‐Ying , et al. et al.
Published: August 2012

A general and operationally simple method is developed for the synthesis of a broad spectrum of biologically interesting triazole units.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of New 4‐Pyrazolin‐3‐yl‐1,2,3‐triazoles and 1,2,3‐Triazol‐4‐yl‐pyrazolin‐1‐ylthiazoles as Potential Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Abdel‐Wahab Bakr F. , Abdel‐Latif Ehab , Mohamed Hanan A. , Awad Ghada E. A.
Published: August 2012

Sixteen novel compounds, based on triazole‐linked pyrazolines, are synthesized by routine and facile multistep reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid Catalyzed Cycloisomerizations of 5,2‐Enyne‐1‐ones: Highly Regioselective Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydro‐4H‐pyran‐4‐ones.
Authors: Yang Fang , Ji Ke‐Gong , Zhao Shu‐Chun , Ali Shaukat , Ye Yu‐Ying , Liu Xue‐Yuan , Liang Yong‐Min
Published: August 2012

The significantly cheaper Broensted acid TosOH is used instead of a gold complex to activate both the carbonyl and alkene moieties in a cascade manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Phosphorus Ylides. Part 32. Synthesis of Phosphoranylidene‐pyrano‐ and ‐cyclobutyl‐xanthenones with Potential Antitumor Activity.
Authors: Soliman Fouad M. , Said Medhat M. , Youns Mahmoud , Darwish Shaban A.
Published: August 2012

The reactions of phosphacumulenes (II) and (VIII) with several xanthenones and anthrone is studied and the mechanism of the reaction is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of 3‐Substituted and 3,4‐Disubstituted Piperidine and Piperidin‐2‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Klegraf Ellen , Kunz Horst
Published: August 2012

The reaction of various electrophiles with N‐galactosylpyridinone derivatives proceeds with moderate to high diastereoselectivity to afford the target compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Ru‐Catalyzed β‐Selective and Enantioselective Addition of Amines to Styrenes Initiated by Direct Arene‐Exchange.
Authors: Otsuka Maiko , Yokoyama Hiroya , Endo Kohei , Shibata Takanori
Published: August 2012

The first example of η6‐arene ruthenium complexes as chiral templates in the enantioselective title reaction is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of Two Types of Highly Substituted 2‐Pyridones Through Similar Multicomponent Reactions.
Authors: Pathak Sudipta , Kundu Ashis , Pramanik Animesh
Published: August 2012

The reaction in the presence of primary amines yields aminopyridones, whereas with diamines (VI) or (IX) hydroxypyridones are formed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and in vitro Antiplasmodial Activities of Fluoroquinolone Analogues.
Authors: Dixit Sandeep K. , Mishra Nidhi , Sharma Manish , Singh Shailja , Agarwal Alka , Awasthi Satish K. , Bhasin V. K.
Published: August 2012

Quinolone derivative (I), obtained by a reported procedure, is alkylated at position 1 with normal and branched chain alkyl groups as well as some polar groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Novel Class of Some Biquinoline Pyridine Hybrids via One‐Pot, Three‐Component Reaction and Their Antimicrobial Activity.
Authors: Shah Nimesh M. , Patel Manish P. , Patel Ranjan G.
Published: August 2012

Title compounds (IV) (12 examples) are synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, antifungal and antitubercular activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric α‐Acylation of Tertiary Amines Mediated by a Dual Catalysis Mode: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene and Photoredox Catalysis.
Authors: DiRocco Daniel A. , Rovis Tomislav
Published: August 2012

Under optimized conditions using RuCl2(bipy)3 as the photocatalyst, MDNB as weak organic oxidant, chiral carbene catalyst TBT, and blue light irradiation, tetrahydroisoquinolines are acylated at the α‐position with aliphatic aldehydes to give the products in a highly enantioselective manner (up to 92% e.e.).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Diamination of Alkynes under Aerobic Oxidative Conditions: Catalytic Turnover of an Iodide Ion.
Authors: Yao Bo , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping
Published: August 2012

Tetracyclic indolo[3,2‐c]isoquinolinones are synthesized under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Metal‐Free Synthesis of 2,8‐Diaryl‐6‐aminoimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine via Amine‐Triggered Benzannulation.
Authors: Nagaraj Muthupandi , Boominathan Muthusamy , Muthusubramanian Shanmugam , Bhuvanesh Nattamai
Published: August 2012

A convenient procedure allows the aminobenzannulation of imidazole derivatives (I) with dialkylamines to afford the title compounds (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Multipotent MAO and Cholinesterase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Alzheimer′s Disease: Synthesis, Pharmacological Analysis and Molecular Modeling of Heterocyclic Substituted Alkyl and Cycloalkyl Propargyl Amine.
Authors: Marco‐Contelles Jose , et al. et al.
Published: August 2012

A Friedlaender‐type reaction between aminopyridinecarbonitriles (I) and propynylpiperidinone (II) affords the new heterocycles (III) in very good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: New Photochromic 1,1,3‐Trimethylspiro[benzo[e]indoline‐2,3′‐[3H]‐pyrano [3,2‐f]quinoline].
Authors: Aldoshin S. M. , Tkachev V. V. , Khalanskii K. N. , Lukyanov B. S. , Minkin V. I. , Utenyshev A. N. , Alekseenko Yu. S. , Bezuglyi S. O.
Published: August 2012

Upon UV irradiation, compound (III) undergoes C—O bond cleavage followed by cis—trans isomerization to form a colored metastable isomer.
ChemInform Abstract: Aqua‐Mediated Indium(III) Chloride Catalyzed Synthesis of Fused Pyrimidines and Pyrazoles.
Authors: Khurana Jitender M. , Chaudhary Ankita , Nand Bhaskara , Lumb Anshika
Published: August 2012

The use of InCl3 in water for three‐component condensations is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Regioselective Synthesis of 2,4‐Diarylpyrimidines from 2‐Thiouracil Through Two Orthogonal Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Cernova Miroslava , Pohl Radek , Klepetarova Blanka , Hocek Michal
Published: August 2012

An efficient two‐step procedure allows the synthesis of 2,4‐diarylpyrimidines via phosphonium‐mediated Suzuki coupling and Liebeskind—Srogl reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of [(2‐Pyrimidinylthio)acetyl]benzenesulfonamides as Inhibitors of Human Carbonic Anhydrase.
Authors: Capkauskaite Edita , Zubriene Asta , Baranauskiene Lina , Tamulaitiene Giedre , Manakova Elena , Kairys Visvaldas , Grazulis Saulius , Tumkevicius Sigitas , Matulis Daumantas
Published: August 2012

S‐Alkylation of pyrimidine derivatives (I) with ω‐bromoacetylbenzenesulfonamides (II) and (IV) affords the title compounds (III) and (V), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of Trialkylpyrazines via Nickel‐Catalyzed Negishi Cross‐Coupling of Pyrazine Triflate.
Authors: Pitchaiah Arigala , Hwang In Taek , Hwang Jin‐Soo , Kim Hyungrok , Lee Kee‐In
Published: August 2012

The ‐O‐Tf substituent can be replaced by treatment with organometal reagents where the use of zinc bromides is found to be the most efficient one.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antitumor Activities of Novel Oxazinyl Isoflavonoids.
Authors: Wang Dun , Hou Like , Wu Lirong , Yu Xin
Published: August 2012

A novel series of isoflavonoid compounds containing protected phenolic groups with oxazinyl moieties is prepared and evaluated for in vitro antitumor activities against SKOV‐3, DU‐145, and HL‐60 human cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Properties of 3,6′‐Dimethyl‐2,3‐dihydrospiro[naphtho[1,3]oxazine‐2,2′‐ [2H]‐chromen]‐4‐ones.
Authors: Aldoshin S. M. , Mukhanov E. L. , Lukyanov B. S. , Bezuglyi S. O. , Lukyanova M. B. , Utenyshev A. N. , Tkachev V. V. , Minkin V. I.
Published: August 2012

Title compounds (III) are synthesized and evaluated for their photochromic properties.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Coumarin‐ and Quinolone‐Annulated Benzazocinone Frameworks by a Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Heck Reaction.
Authors: Majumdar K. C. , Samanta Srikanta , Ghosh Tapas
Published: August 2012

The efficient process is extended to the structurally related naphthalene derivative (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Bifendate Derivatives Bearing 6, 7‐Dihydro‐dibenzo[c,e]azepine Scaffold as Potent P‐Glycoprotein Inhibitors.
Authors: Gu Xiaoke , Ren Zhiguang , Tang Xiaobo , Peng Hui , Zhao Qing , Lai Yisheng , Peng Sixun , Zhang Yihua
Published: August 2012

Combining N‐substituted tertiary amines with the six‐alkoxyl biphenyl structure leads to compounds (III) each with a dihydrodibenzoazepine ring to improve the P‐gp inhibitory effect and affinity of the title scaffold with P‐gp.
ChemInform Abstract: Sc(OTf)3/TsOH: A Highly Efficient Catalytic System for the Synthesis of 2,6‐Dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane Derivatives.
Authors: Reddy B. V. Subba , Narasimhulu G. , Reddy Y. Vikram , Chakravarthy P. P. , Yadav J. S. , Sridhar B.
Published: August 2012

The selective formation of the bicyclic systems is achieved by an intramolecular Prins cyclization of allylic diol (I) and aldehydes (II) under optimized conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Substituted Potassium Internal Vinyltrifluoroborates: Preparation and Use in Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Math Shivanand K. , Mokri Homayoun H. , LaMunyon James B. , Cefalo Dustin R. , Testa Charles A.
Published: August 2012

Air‐stable crystalline vinyltrifluoroborates (II) and (IV) bearing either ether or amine functionalities are prepared following the sequence A)‐C).
ChemInform Abstract: Sandmeyer‐Type Reaction to Pinacol Arylboronates in Water Phase: A Green Borylation Process.
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wang Xiaolong , Yu Haitao , Ye Jiahai
Published: August 2012

Copper‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of aryl diazonium salts with diboron (II) proceeds under mild conditions and allows the direct synthesis of arylboronates bearing halogen and acidic substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical and Efficient Applications of Novel Dioxaborolanes and Dioxaborinanes in the Synthesis of Corresponding Boronates and Their Use in the Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Myslinska Malgorzata , Heise Glenn L. , Walsh Dana J.
Published: August 2012

Derivatives of glycol borates react efficiently with Grignard reagents or lithiated arenes to yield the corresponding cyclic boronates.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Monoarylated Diynes by Monoprotection/Cross‐Coupling/Deprotection Approach.
Authors: Kral Karolin , Hapke Marko
Published: August 2012

Protection of symmetrical diynes (I) with TmsCl results in formation of inseparable mixtures of mono‐ and di‐protected products (III) and (IV) with the former as the major component.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Phosphonation of Azoles with Dialkyl Phosphites.
Authors: Hou Chaodong , Ren Yunlai , Lang Rui , Hu Xiaoxue , Xia Chungu , Li Fuwei
Published: August 2012

An atom‐efficient direct Pd‐catalyzed phosphonation of benzothiazoles (I) and benzoxazoles (IV) with dialkyl phosphites is achieved in the absence of acid or base additives.
ChemInform Abstract: The Conversion of Oridonin to Spirolactone‐Type or Enmein‐Type Diterpenoid: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of ent‐6,7‐seco‐Oridonin Derivatives as Novel Potential Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Wang Lei , Li Dahong , Xu Shengtao , Cai Hao , Yao Hequan , Zhang Yihua , Jiang Jieyun , Xu Jinyi
Published: August 2012

The conversion of oridonin (I) to spirolactone‐type (III) or enmein‐type diterpenoid (VI) and (VII) is conducted as well as spirolactone‐type diterpenoid to enmein‐type diterpenoid.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on the Constituents of Cimicifuga foetida Collected in Guizhou Province and Their Cytotoxic Activities.
Authors: Lu Lu , Chen Jian‐Chao , Li Yan , Qing Chen , Wang Yuan‐Yuan , Nian Yin , Qiu Ming‐Hua
Published: August 2012

Two new triterpenoids, 24‐epi‐cimigenol‐3‐one (I), foetinoside (II) and a new chromone glycoside (III) are isolated together with 18 known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of 23‐Ethylidene‐26‐hydroxy‐22‐oxocholestane Derivatives from Spirostanic Sapogenins.
Authors: Perez‐Diaz Jose Oscar H. , Rarova Lucie , Munoz Ocampo J. Paul , Magana‐Vergara Nancy E. , Farfan Norberto , Strnad Miroslav , Santillan Rosa
Published: August 2012

Three new cholestane frameworks of type (II) are obtained by reductive cleavage of the F‐ring of oxoepoxycholestane derivatives (I) without detectable competing 1,2‐reduction of the α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl group at C‐22.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Propargylation of Glycals with Allenyltributyltin(IV) via a Ferrier Type Reaction.
Authors: Drew Mark D. , Wall Mark C. , Kim Joseph T.
Published: August 2012

The reaction provides in most cases the α‐diastereomer as the main or sole product.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and SAR Studies of Phenanthroindolizidine and Phenanthroquinolizidine Alkaloids as Potent Antitumor Agents.
Authors: Wang Qingmin , et al. et al.
Published: August 2012

The phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids (X) are prepared by using a similar route that is used for the synthesis of racemic tylophorine.
ChemInform Abstract: Indole Alkaloids from Alocasia macrorrhiza.
Authors: Zhu Ling‐hua , Chen Cheng , Wang Hui , Ye Wen‐cai , Zhou Guang‐xiong
Published: August 2012

Alocasin A (I), B (IIa), C (IIb), D (IIc) and alocasin E (III) are isolated together with known compounds hyrtiosin B and hyrtiosulawesin.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthetic Approach to 6,5′‐(S)‐ and 6,5′‐(R)‐Cyclouridine.
Authors: Theile Christopher S. , McLaughlin Larry W.
Published: August 2012

Cyclouridines (XII) and (XIII) are obtained using the radical cyclization of iodide (VII) and subsequent dehydrohalogenation as the key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Phenyl‐1‐benzoxepinols from Butcher′s Broom (Rusci rhizoma).
Authors: Barbic Matej , Schmidt Thomas J. , Juergenliemk Guido
Published: August 2012

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ChemInform Abstract: Ianthellamide A, a Selective Kynurenine‐3‐hydroxylase Inhibitor from the Australian Marine Sponge Ianthella quadrangulata.
Authors: Feng Yunjiang , Bowden Bruce F. , Kapoor Vimal
Published: August 2012

The novel octopamine derivative ianthellamide A (I) selectively inhibits the activity of kynurenine 3‐hydroxylase and also significantly increases the level of endogenous kynurenic acid in rat brain.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of Cariprazine (RGH‐188): A Novel Antipsychotic Acting on Dopamine D3/D2 Receptors.
Authors: Agai‐Csongor Eva , et al. et al.
Published: August 2012

Medicinal chemistry optimization of an impurity isolated during the scale‐up synthesis of a pyridylsulfonamide‐type compound as a high‐affinity dopamine D3/D2 receptor ligand leads to a series of new piperazine derivatives having affinity to both dopamine D3and D2 receptors.
ChemInform Abstract: Siting and Distribution of Framework Aluminium Atoms in Silicon‐Rich Zeolites and Impact on Catalysis
Authors: Dedecek J. , Sobalik Z. , Wichterlova B.
Published: August 2012

Review: 288 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Modeling of Transport and Accessibility in Zeolites
Authors: Diaz Sofia Calero
Published: August 2012

Review: 218 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magneto‐optic Studies of Magnetic Oxides
Authors: Gehring Gillian A. , Alshammari Marzook S. , Score David S. , Neal James R. , Mokhtari Abbas , Fox A. Mark
Published: August 2012

Review: 21 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Consequences of Magnetic Anisotropy in Realizing Practical Microwave Hexaferrite Devices
Authors: Geiler Anton , Daigle Andrew , Wang Jianwei , Chen Yajie , Vittoria Carmine , Harris Vince
Published: August 2012

Review: 26 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Doped ZnO Nanostructures for Spintronics
Authors: Chen J. , Liu J. , Zhou W.
Published: August 2012

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanical Preparation of Crystalline Materials. An Oxymoron?
Authors: Braga Dario , Dichiarante Elena , Grepioni Fabrizia , Lampronti Giulio I. , Maini Lucia , Mazzeo Paolo P. , D'Agostino Simone
Published: August 2012

Review: 113 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Temperature Corrosion
Authors: Schutze Michael
Published: August 2012

Review: 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: OPN and SPN: Small Molecules with Great Potential
Authors: Himmel Hans‐Joerg , Linti Gerald
Published: August 2012

Review: 25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Subtle Art of Bimetallic Activation: Juggling Carbenes, Hydrocarbons, and Hydride Ligands Between Metals
Authors: Lavigne Guy
Published: August 2012

Review: especially investigated for Ru complexes; 19 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: At Least 60 Years of Ferrocene: The Discovery and Rediscovery of the Sandwich Complexes
Authors: Werner Helmut
Published: August 2012

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dicyanomethylene‐4H‐pyran Chromophores for OLED Emitters, Logic Gates and Optical Chemosensors
Authors: Guo Zhiqian , Zhu Weihong , Tian He
Published: August 2012

Review: 111 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploiting Acyl and Enol Azolium Intermediates via N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Reactions of α‐Reducible Aldehydes.
Authors: Vora Harit U. , Wheeler Philip , Rovis Tomislav
Published: August 2012

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid Activation Strategy in Transition‐Metal Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of N‐Unprotected Imines, Enamines, and N‐Heteroaromatic Compounds
Authors: Yu Zhengkun , Jin Weiwei , Jiang Quanbin
Published: August 2012

Review: 128 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Scaffolds Using Multiple Orthogonal Conjugations: Applications in Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery
Authors: Beal David M. , Jones Lyn H.
Published: August 2012

Review: 27 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Assemblies of Perylene Bisimide Dyes in Water
Authors: Goerl Daniel , Zhang Xin , Wuerthner Frank
Published: August 2012

Review: ca. 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multiple‐Charged P1‐Centered Cations: Perspectives in Synthesis
Authors: Feldmann Kai‐Oliver , Weigand Jan J.
Published: August 2012

Review: 18 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Elements for a Rational Polymer Approach Towards Carbon Nanostructures
Authors: Schrettl Stephen , Frauenrath Holger
Published: August 2012

Review: 32 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Inter‐ and Intramolecular Carbon—Carbon Bond‐Forming Radical Reactions
Authors: Miyabe Hideto
Published: August 2012

Review: ca. 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some Pyridazinone Derivatives
Authors: Khaidem Somila , Sarveswari S. , Gupta Richa , Vijayakumar V.
Published: August 2012

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Fullerene Derivatives with High LUMO Level Through Changes in π‐Conjugated System Shape
Authors: Matsuo Yutaka
Published: August 2012

Review: 15 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Curved Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons — A Discipline Still in Its Infancy
Authors: Larsen Christopher B. , Lucas Nigel T.
Published: August 2012

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Preparation of Thiophene S,S‐Dioxides and Their Role in Organic Electronics
Authors: Dell Emma J. , Campos Luis M.
Published: August 2012

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Singlet Oxygen‐Mediated Allylic Oxidation
Authors: Alberti Mariza N. , Orfanopoulos Michael
Published: August 2012

Review: 181 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Paterno—Buechi Reaction
Authors: D'Auria Maurizio
Published: August 2012

Review: 236 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Through the Looking Glass —A New World of Proteins Enabled by Chemical Synthesis
Authors: Kent Stephen , Sohma Youhei , Liu Suhuai , Bang Duhee , Pentelute Brad , Mandal Kalyaneswar
Published: August 2012

Review: 32 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzoyl Hydrazones of 2‐Hydroxyacetophenone Family as Versatile Tridentate Ligands for Oxovanadium(V)
Authors: Ghosh Tapas
Published: August 2012

Review: 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Templated [2 + 2] Photodimerizations in the Solid State
Authors: Elacqua Elizabeth , Laird Rebecca C. , MacGillivray Leonard R.
Published: August 2012

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Processive Rotaxane Catalysts
Authors: Elemans Johannes A. A. W. , Rowan Alan E. , Nolte Roeland J. M.
Published: August 2012

Review: 10 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐Phase Peptide Synthesis
Authors: Ferderigos Nikolas , Zikos Christos
Published: August 2012

Review: 121 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Non‐Natural Amino Acids and Their Applications for the Development of Medicinally Interesting Compounds
Authors: Magrioti Victoria , Moutevelis‐Minakakis Panagiota , Kokotos George
Published: August 2012

Review: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxa‐di‐π‐Methane Rearrangement of β,γ‐Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Rao V. Jayathirtha , Srinivas Kolupula
Published: August 2012

Review: 87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Di‐π‐Methane Rearrangement
Authors: Zimmerman Howard E.
Published: August 2012

Review: 33 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Refining of Plant Oils to Chemicals by Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Chikkali Samir , Mecking Stefan
Published: August 2012

Review: ca. 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Graphene‐Based Electronic Sensors
Authors: He Qiyuan , Wu Shixin , Yin Zongyou , Zhang Hua
Published: August 2012

Review: detection of various chemicals and biomolecules; 106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Superhydrophobicity in Highly Fluorinated Porous Metal—Organic Frameworks
Authors: Serre Christian
Published: August 2012

Review: 19 refs.
Oxidative Coupling of Methane: Optimal Operating Policies for a Membrane Reactor Network
Authors: Lenhart Eva , Esche Erik , Arellano‐Garcia Harvey , Biegler Lorenz T.
Published: August 2012

The oxidative coupling of methane (OCM), in which methane is turned into ethylene and ethane, presents an opportunity for using natural gas to produce desired C2 hydrocarbons. The main challenge for the successful implementation of the process is the reduction of undesired by‐products, such as CO2. This contribution deals with the optimization of a membrane reactor network for the OCM process with the goal of maximizing yield while maintaining simultaneously a high selectivity in C2 products. The network consists of a plug flow/fixed‐bed reactor, a conventional packed‐bed membrane reactor and a so‐called proposed packed‐bed membrane reactor.
Resource‐Efficient Alkane Selective Oxidation on New Crystalline Solids: Searching for Novel Catalyst Materials
Authors: Glaum Robert , Welker‐Nieuwoudt Cathrin , Dobner Cornelia‐Katharina , Eichelbaum Maik , Gruchow Falk , Heine Christian , Karpov Andrey , Kniep Rüdiger , Rosowski Frank , Schlögl Robert , Schunk Stephan Andreas , Titlbach Sven , Trunschke Annette
Published: August 2012

A total of 29 hitherto unknown vanadyl(IV)‐, vanadyl(V)‐, and vanadate(V) phosphates were synthesized, structurally characterized, and tested in terms of their behavior as catalysts in the selective oxidation of n‐butane to maleic anhydride. The new materials did not surpass the performance of commercially used (VIVO)2P2O7‐based catalysts, but a silver vanadium phosphate of approximate composition Ag2VIV,VP1.6O7+δ (0 ≤ δ ≤ 0.5), supposedly having a vanadyl(IV, V) phosphate pyrophosphate layer structure, shows promising activity and selectivity with potential for further improvements. With the aim to study the charge carrier dynamics a new method for in situ non‐contact measurement of the electric conductivity of catalysts was developed. The analysis of conductivity changes in response to the chemical potential of oxygen in the gas phase offers valuable clues to understand structure‐reactivity relationships in selective oxidation catalysis.
Conformational Control of the Electronic Properties of an α‐β Terthiophene: Lessons from a Precursor Towards Dendritic Hyperbranched Oligo‐ and Poly‐Thiophenes
Authors: González Cano Rafael C. , Herrera Helena , Segura José L. , López Navarrete Juan T. , Ruiz Delgado M. Carmen , Casado Juan
Published: August 2012

Herein we investigate the conformational and electronic properties of the 2,2′;3′,2“‐terthiophene (B3T) unit as the building block of thiophene dendrimeric materials. By means of DFT ground electronic state dihedral energy profiles, we get insight in the flexibility of B3 T as the prominent feature promoting the 3D arrangement. The presence of diverse conformers is explored by Raman and 1H NMR spectroscopies. A theoretical estimation of the Raman and 1H NMR spectra over the most energetically accessible conformers is found to be crucial for the appropriate assignment of the major conformer population derived from the experimental spectra. We show that energy barriers for the interconversion of conformers also play a role. Finally, the impact on the optical spectra (absorption and emission) of the α–α and α–β connections is studied and addressed by scanning the properties of the relevant low‐lying excited states. These studies highlight the relevance of the architecture of the basic molecular unit to understand charge and exciton behavior in organic semiconductors, particularly for those useful in photovoltaics.
Synthesis of Substituted Coumarins and 2‐Quinolinones by Cycloisomerisation of (Hydroxy/aminophenyl)propargyl Alcohols
Authors: Sridhar Reddy Maddi , Thirupathi Nuligonda , Babu Madala Hari
Published: August 2012

A new cycloisomerization strategy for the synthesis of coumarins and quinolinones is described. The addition of ethoxyacetylide to 2‐hydroxyacetophenones directly resulted in 4‐substituted coumarins by 6‐endo‐dig cycloisomerisation of the intermediate 3‐ethoxy‐1‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐2‐propyn‐1‐ols. Under similar conditions, 2‐aminoacetophenone produced 2‐ethoxyquinoline, a masked quinolinone, which was converted into the quinolinone by acid treatment. N‐Protected intermediate 8 was isolated and converted into the quinolinone [with In(OTf)3 or H2SO4] or the 3‐iodo‐2‐quinolinone (with I2 and H+).
Downstream processing of high chain length polysialic acid using membrane adsorbers and clay minerals for application in tissue engineering
Authors: Bice Ismet , Celik Hilal , Wolff Christoph , Beutel Sascha , Zahid Maria , Hitzmann Bernd , Rinas Ursula , Kasper Cornelia , Gerardy‐Schahn Rita , Scheper Thomas
Published: August 2012

Polysialic acid (polySia) is a carbohydrate polymer of varying chain length. It is a promising scaffold material for tissue engineering. In this work, high chain length polySia was produced by an Escherichia coli K1 strain in a 10‐L bioreactor in batch and fed‐batch mode, respectively. A new downstream process for polySia is presented, based on membrane adsorber technology and use of inorganic anion exchanger. These methods enable the replacement of precipitation steps, such as acetone, cetavlon, and ethanol precipitation of the already established purification process. The purification process was simplified, while process efficiency and product qualities were improved. The overall yield of polySia from a 10‐L batch cultivation process was 61% and for 10‐L fed‐batch cultivation process the yield was 40% with an overall purity of 98%. The endotoxin content was determined to be negligible (14 EU mg−1). The main advantage of this new downstream process is that polySia with high chain length of more than 130 degree of polymerization can be obtained. In fed‐batch cultivation, chain lengths up to 160 degree of polymerization were obtained.
Moving grid method for numerical simulation of stratified flows
Authors: Koltakov S. , Fringer O. B.
Published: August 2012

We develop a second‐order accurate Navier–Stokes solver based on r‐adaptivity of the underlying numerical discretization. The motion of the mesh is based on the fluid velocity field; however, certain adjustments to the Lagrangian velocities are introduced to maintain quality of the mesh. The adjustments are based on the variational approach of energy minimization to redistribute grid points closer to the areas of rapid solution variation. To quantify the numerical diffusion inherent to each method, we monitor changes in the background potential energy, computation of which is based on the density field. We demonstrate on a standing interfacial gravity wave simulation how using our method of grid evolution decreases the rate of increase of the background potential energy compared with using the same advection scheme on the stationary grid. To further highlight the benefit of the proposed moving grid method, we apply it to the nonhydrostatic lock‐exchange flow where the evolution of the interface is more complex than in the standing wave test case. Naive grid evolution based on the fluid velocities in the lock‐exchange flow leads to grid tangling as Kelvin–Helmholtz billows develop at the interface. This is remedied by grid refinement using the variational approach. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incidence of 17p deletions and TP53 mutation in myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia with 5q deletion
Authors: Sebaa Amel , Ades Lionel , Baran‐Marzack Fanny , Mozziconacci Marie‐Joelle , Penther Dominique , Dobbelstein Sophie , Stamatoullas Aspasia , Récher Christian , Prebet Thomas , Moulessehoul Soraya , Fenaux Pierre , Eclache Virginie
Published: August 2012

TP53 mutations are frequent in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with complex karyotype that include del(5q) and are often associated with deletion of 17p. They have also recently been observed in MDS with isolated del(5q). We assessed the incidence of 17p deletion detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and of TP53 mutations detected by direct sequencing and their correlation and prognostic value in 26 MDS and 17 AML with del(5q). In the 20 cases with isolated del(5q) or one additional abnormality, no 17p deletion was found and 3 of the 18 cases analyzed (17%) had TP53 mutation. In the 23 patients with complex karyotype, 17p deletion was suspected by conventional cytogenetics in 15 cases and confirmed by FISH in 10 of them, while TP53 mutation was found in 8 of the 15 patients tested (53%), only five of whom had 17p deletion. In the whole patient series, TP53 mutations were associated with shorter survival (P = 0.07). We confirm the existence of TP53 mutations in 17% of MDS with isolated del(5q). In patients with del(5q) and complex karyotype, FISH and direct sequencing are complementary techniques to analyze TP53 abnormalities. Our findings also suggest that sequencing of the TP53 gene should be included in the study of patients with del(5q) as a single abnormality or in complex karyotype before lenalidomide treatment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TWO‐LEVEL RESAMPLING AS A NOVEL METHOD FOR THE CALCULATION OF THE EXPECTED VALUE OF SAMPLE INFORMATION IN ECONOMIC TRIALS
Authors: Sadatsafavi Mohsen , Marra Carlo , Bryan Stirling
Published: August 2012

It has already been pointed out that the bootstrap can be used to calculate the expected value of perfect information (EVPI) when individual‐level data from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) is at hand. However, as mentioned by others, it is not clear if and how such a method can be extended to calculate the expected value of sample information (EVSI). In this article, we provide a nonparametric definition for EVPI and EVSI, which is based on considering the entire population distribution as the uncertain entity for which the current RCT provides partial information. This enables a theoretical justification for using the bootstrap for EVPI calculation and allows us to propose a two‐level resampling method for EVSI calculation. What is considered as the sampling unit in this algorithm can range from the individual level net benefits to the full panel of the RCT data for an individual, enabling the analyst to decide on a trade‐off between computational efficiency and comprehensiveness in value of information analysis. As such, we argue that this method, in addition to being consistent with the popular bootstrap method of RCT‐based economic evaluations, is a flexible approach for EVPI and EVSI calculations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DETERMINANTS OF ROAD TRAFFIC CRASH FATALITIES ACROSS INDIAN STATES
Authors: Grimm Michael , Treibich Carole
Published: August 2012

This article explores the determinants of road traffic crash fatalities in India. In addition to income, the analysis considers the sociodemographic population structure, motorization levels, road and health infrastructure and road rule enforcement as potential factors.

An original panel data set covering 25 Indian states is analyzed using multivariate regression analysis. Time and state fixed‐effects account for unobserved heterogeneity across states and time.

The rising motorization, urbanization and accompanying increase in the share of vulnerable road users, that is, pedestrians and two‐wheelers, are the major drivers of road traffic crash fatalities in India. Among vulnerable road users, women form a particularly high‐risk group. Higher expenditure per police officer is associated with a lower fatality rate.

The results suggest that India should focus, in particular, on road infrastructure investments that allow the separation of vulnerable from other road users on improved road rule enforcement and should pay special attention to vulnerable female road users. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Winter wave climate, storms and regional cycles: the SW Spanish Atlantic coast
Authors: Rangel‐Buitrago N. , Anfuso G.
Published: August 2012

Climatic change‐related impacts on coastal areas became an important issue in past decades and nowadays threaten many human settlements and activities. Coastal hazards are linked to flooding and erosion processes associated with sea level rise and the increased strength of hurricanes, cyclones and storms. The main aim of this work is the characterization of coastal storms in Cadiz (SW Spain) and the determination of their recurrence intervals and relationships with several regional cycles. Storm characterization was carried out using the Storm Power Index (Dolan and Davis, 1992) and five classes were obtained, from class I (weak events) to V (extreme events). Storm occurrence probability was 96% for class I (i.e. almost one event per year) to 3% for class V. The return period for class V was 25 years and ranged from 6 to 8 years for classes III and IV storms, e.g. significant and severe events. Classes I and II showed a period of recurrence ranging from 1 to 3 years. Stormy winter seasons were 2009/10 (12 events), 1995/6 and 2002/3 (with 10 events each) and 1993/4 (8 events). Approximately 40% of the change in monthly wave data and storminess indices was related to several teleconnection patterns, the most important drivers of change being the Arctic Oscillation (AO), 21.45%, and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), 19.65%. It is interesting to note that a great number of storms, larger storm duration and higher values of Storm Power Index were only observed when neutral to strong negative NAO and AO phases occurred at the same time (89 storms and 3355 h) and/or when there was an abrupt change of NAO and AO phases, i.e. they moved from a positive to negative phase without passing through a neutral phase. The results obtained in this work have wider applications for ocean and coastal management. It is suggested that methodology used can be easily applied in different areas where wave buoy data are available. In the same way, information obtained with this kind of work constitutes the first step in the development of coastal protection plans to preserve socio‐economic activities from the impact of severe storm events.
Regional climate model application at subgrid scale on Indian winter monsoon over the western Himalayas
Authors: Dimri A. P. , Niyogi D.
Published: August 2012

The western Himalayas (WH) is characterized by heterogeneous land surface characteristics and topography. During winter (December, January, and February—DJF), eastward moving low‐pressure synoptic weather systems, called Western Disturbances (WDs) in Indian parlance, cause the majority of the precipitation mostly in the form of snow. The interplay between land surface/topography and WDs greatly controls precipitation distribution over the region. This study seeks to evaluate this using a mosaic‐type parameterization of subgrid‐scale topography and land use (sub‐BATS) for regional climate simulation with a regional climate model (RegCM3). The model coarse grid cell size in the control simulation is 60 km while the subgrid cell size is 10 km. This study compares two 22 year simulations (1980–2001) during winter (DJF). The first simulation is without (CONT) and the second is with (SUB) the fine scale subgrid scheme. Representing the fine scale processes using the subgrid scheme SUB experiment simulates reduced precipitation by approximately 2 mm d−1 with comparison to CONT experiment. This estimation of reduced and closer to the corresponding observed precipitation is important for regional water budget over the WH which is primarily governed by topographic and land surface disaggregation. Validation with corresponding observations over similar elevations shows that SUB displays an improvement over CONT experiment. This relevant decrease of precipitation in SUB using disaggregation‐reaggregation methodology for initial model input fields in subBATS scheme is due to better representation of the WH topography. In case of temperature, SUB experiment displays colder bias (∼2–4 °C) than the CONT over the Himalayas. This preliminary finding is important for studying regional water balance, snow melt accumulation in following summer period.
Raman study of single wall carbon nanotube thin films treated by laser irradiation and dynamic and isothermal oxidation
Authors: Marković Z. , Kepić D. , Holclajtner Antunović I. , Nikolić M. , Dramićanin M. , Marinović Cincović M. , Todorović Marković B.
Published: August 2012

The effect of visible and infrared irradiation on the structure of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is still an insufficiently resolved subject. In this paper, we report a detailed study of two types of SWCNT thin films treated by pulsed laser irradiation and dynamic and isothermal oxidation, respectively. Raman features of treated films were investigated by 532, 633 and 780 nm excitation lines, respectively. It was established that the 532 nm excitation laser line probes the surface of SWCNT films, while the two others probe the bulk of SWCNT films. It was found that during Raman measurements, one type of SWCNTs warms up significantly while the other type does not change temperature. Raman analysis of SWCNTs probed with 532 nm showed that effects of high power laser irradiation on two types of SWCNTs are completely different. Major effects are decomposition, debundlation and photooxidation. It was found that debundlation and removal of defective carbon are much more pronounced in one type of SWCNTs treated with dynamic oxidation. Dynamic oxidation affects mostly thinner SWCNTs that easily burn in air. The only significant effects of isothermal oxidation are the increase of defective amorphous carbon in the first type of SWCNTs and the decrease of D band and debundlation in the second type. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.