bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Investigations of Pile Group Foundations under Different Pile Length Conditions
Authors: Zhong Chuheng , Chen Ze , Zhou Jinzhi
Published: February 2024

At present, group pile foundations with the same length of pile base are used basically in large-scale slope group pile foundation projects. Therefore, pile group foundations with piles of different lengths have a certain research value. Based on the actual working condition of a bridge group pile foundation, a similar model is established, which is imported into the FLAC3D 6.0 finite element software package together with the processed relevant data, and the bearing performance of the cap-group pile foundation under the joint action of axial uniform load and landslide thrust is studied. The study shows: under the same bearing conditions, the settlements of group pile foundations with the same pile length and different pile lengths are similar, and the settlements of the rear row of piles is significantly higher than those of the front row of piles; the settlement of the cap platform in the area without backfill soil is different from that in the area with backfill; the front row of piles has some negative displacement within the range of 10 m below the equivalent sliding surface, and the displacement of the pile body from the back row of piles to the front row of piles increases linearly; the maximum bending moment of the foundation pile is at the position of the gravel soil layer, and as the load changes, the position of the maximum bending moment point will also change; the plastic zone of the uppermost gravel soil layer in the slope model has the tendency of penetration, but it is truncated by the group of piles, and the factor of safety is 2.4 in the case of 100 KN axial uniform load, this structure tends to be stabilized, and the factor of safety decreases with the increase in the load. The analysis of the bearing characteristics of group piles under horizontal and vertical loads and its related conclusions can be used as a reference for related engineering design.
Downscaling and Wind Resource Assessment of Climatic Wind Speed Data Based on Deep Learning: A Case Study of the Tengger Desert Wind Farm
Authors: Zhou Hao , Luo Qi , Yuan Ling
Published: February 2024

Analyzing historical and reanalysis datasets for wind energy climatic characteristics offers crucial insights for wind farms and short-term electricity generation forecasting. However, large-scale wind farms in Chinese deserts, the Gobi, and barren areas often lack sufficient wind measurement data, leading to challenges in assessing long-term power generation revenue and introducing uncertainty. This study focuses on the Tengger Desert as the study area, processes the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) data, and analyzes and compares wind energy’s future characteristics utilizing a developed deep learning (DL) downscaling algorithm. The findings indicate that (1) the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) downscaling model, with the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) numerical simulation results as the targets, exhibits spatial distribution consistency with WRF simulation results in the experimental area. (2) Through testing and validation with three practical wind measurements, the annual average wind speed error is below 4%. (3) In the mid-term future (~2050), the average wind speed in the experimental area remains stable with a multi-year average of approximately 7.00 m·s−1. The overall wind speed distribution range is significant, meeting the requirements for wind farm development.
Comprehensive Study of Natural Radioactivity in Building Materials: A Case Study in Ica, Peru
Authors: Liza Rafael , Pereyra Patrizia , Muñoz Daniel , Viera Victor , López Herrera Maria Elena , Rojas Jhonny , Palacios Daniel , Díaz Félix , Cerna Nhell , Rojas Segundo , Sajo-Bohus Laszlo
Published: February 2024

This study evaluates radon exhalation rates and assesses the potential radiological risks of external exposure to primordial radionuclides in building materials employed in the Ica region of Peru, particularly those with high uranium content. The radon exhalation rates are currently measured using a combination of a closed chamber and an active monitor. We proposed a novel method that effectively ensured a hermetic seal for the closed chamber and guaranteed that the efficient maintenance of secular equilibrium. The obtained results ranged from below the detection limit (BDL) to a maximum of 52.3 mBq · kg−1h−1. Gamma spectrometry was employed to measure the concentrations of radionuclides by utilizing a 3′ × 3′ NaI detector. The analysis of cement samples revealed a strong positive correlation between the activity concentration of radium and the radon exhalation rate. The activity concentrations for radionuclides varied, with values ranging from BDL to 60.6 mBq · kg−1h−1 for 226Ra, BDL to 22.3 mBq · kg−1h−1 for 232Th, and BDL to 1074 mBq · kg−1h−1 for 40K. These findings contribute valuable insight to decision-making processes in the Peruvian construction industry, particularly regarding material safety and radiological risk management.
Navigating the Usher Syndrome Genetic Landscape: An Evaluation of the Associations between Specific Genes and Quality Categories of Cochlear Implant Outcomes
Authors: Busi Micol , Castiglione Alessandro
Published: February 2024

Usher syndrome (US) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder that involves three main features: sensorineural hearing loss, retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and vestibular impairment. With a prevalence of 4–17/100,000, it is the most common cause of deaf-blindness worldwide. Genetic research has provided crucial insights into the complexity of US. Among nine confirmed causative genes, MYO7A and USH2A are major players in US types 1 and 2, respectively, whereas CRLN1 is the sole confirmed gene associated with type 3. Variants in these genes also contribute to isolated forms of hearing loss and RP, indicating intersecting molecular pathways. While hearing loss can be adequately managed with hearing aids or cochlear implants (CIs), approved RP treatment modalities are lacking. Gene replacement and editing, antisense oligonucleotides, and small-molecule drugs hold promise for halting RP progression and restoring vision, enhancing patients’ quality of life. Massively parallel sequencing has identified gene variants (e.g., in PCDH15) that influence CI results. Accordingly, preoperative genetic examination appears valuable for predicting CI success. To explore genetic mutations in CI recipients and establish correlations between implant outcomes and involved genes, we comprehensively reviewed the literature to gather data covering a broad spectrum of CI outcomes across all known US-causative genes. Implant outcomes were categorized as excellent or very good, good, poor or fair, and very poor. Our review of 95 cochlear-implant patients with US, along with their CI outcomes, revealed the importance of presurgical genetic testing to elucidate potential challenges and provide tailored counseling to improve auditory outcomes. The multifaceted nature of US demands a comprehensive understanding and innovative interventions. Genetic insights drive therapeutic advancements, offering potential remedies for the retinal component of US. The synergy between genetics and therapeutics holds promise for individuals with US and may enhance their sensory experiences through customized interventions.
Reimagining Radiology: A Comprehensive Overview of Reviews at the Intersection of Mobile and Domiciliary Radiology over the Last Five Years
Authors: Lepri Graziano , Oddi Francesco , Gulino Rosario Alfio , Giansanti Daniele
Published: February 2024

(Background) Domiciliary radiology, which originated in pioneering studies in 1958, has transformed healthcare, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, through advancements such as miniaturization and digitization. This evolution, driven by the synergy of advanced technologies and robust data networks, reshapes the intersection of domiciliary radiology and mobile technology in healthcare delivery. (Objective) The objective of this study is to overview the reviews in this field with reference to the last five years to face the state of development and integration of this practice in the health domain. (Methods) A review was conducted on PubMed and Scopus, applying a standard checklist and a qualification process. The outcome detected 21 studies. (Key Content and Findings) The exploration of mobile and domiciliary radiology unveils a compelling and optimistic perspective. Notable strides in this dynamic field include the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), revolutionary applications in telemedicine, and the educational potential of mobile devices. Post-COVID-19, telemedicine advances and the influential role of AI in pediatric radiology signify significant progress. Mobile mammography units emerge as a solution for underserved women, highlighting the crucial importance of early breast cancer detection. The investigation into domiciliary radiology, especially with mobile X-ray equipment, points toward a promising frontier, prompting in-depth research for comprehensive insights into its potential benefits for diverse populations. The study also identifies limitations and suggests future exploration in various domains of mobile and domiciliary radiology. A key recommendation stresses the strategic prioritization of multi-domain technology assessment initiatives, with scientific societies’ endorsement, emphasizing regulatory considerations for responsible and ethical technology integration in healthcare practices. The broader landscape of technology assessment should aim to be innovative, ethical, and aligned with societal needs and regulatory standards. (Conclusions) The dynamic state of the field is evident, with active exploration of new frontiers. This overview also provides a roadmap, urging scholars, industry players, and regulators to collectively contribute to the further integration of this technology in the health domain.
Urinary Viral Spectrum in Patients with Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome and the Clinical Efficacy of Valacyclovir Treatment
Authors: Kuo Hann-Chorng , Peng Chih-Wen , Jiang Yuan-Hong , Jhang Jia-Fong
Published: February 2024

Our previous study showed that the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) may be the etiology for some patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS); hence, the current study aimed to investigate the urinary viral spectrum in patients with IC/BPS and the clinical efficacy of valacyclovir. Twenty-eight patients were prospectively enrolled for valacyclovir 500 mg twice a day for 4 weeks. Urine samples were collected from IC/BPS patients and 30 controls. The primary outcome was the difference in the visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, and secondary outcomes included changes in the urinary viral spectrum and urinary inflammatory cytokine level (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05094414). Urinary EBV was detected in 14.2% IC/BPS patients but not in the controls. Urinary John Cunningham virus and BK virus were detected in 18 (64.3%) and 2 (7.1%) patients with IC/BPS, respectively, with similar prevalences noted for the controls. No cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, or herpes simplex virus was detected in the urine samples. The VAS pain score in patients with IC/BPS significantly decreased after 4 weeks (from 7.5 [5.52–9.0] to 5 [1.5–6.0], p = 0.0003). Urinary EBV was undetectable in any sample after valacyclovir treatment, and the decreases in urinary interleukin (IL)-1β (from 0.66 [0.55–0.82] pg/mL to 0.58 [0.55–0.64] pg/mL, p = 0.0034), IL-8 (from 6.81 [2.38 to 29.1] pg/mL to 4.33 [1.53–11.04] pg/mL, p = 0.0361), IL-10 (from 1.06 [0.94–1.18] pg/mL to 0.92 [0.88–1.02], p = 0.0086), and tumor necrosis factor-α (from 1.61 [1.50–1.72] pg/mL to 1.50 [1.44–1.55] pg/mL, p = 0.0079) were significant. Valacyclovir could relieve bladder pain, eliminate urinary EBV, and reduce bladder inflammation.
Real-Time Jaundice Detection in Neonates Based on Machine Learning Models
Authors: Abdulrazzak Ahmad Yaseen , Mohammed Saleem Latif , Al-Naji Ali , Chahl Javaan
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Despite the many attempts made by researchers to diagnose jaundice non-invasively using machine learning techniques, the low amount of data used to build their models remains the key factor limiting the performance of their models. Objective: To build a system to diagnose neonatal jaundice non-invasively based on machine learning algorithms created based on a dataset comprising 767 infant images using a computer device and a USB webcam. Methods: The first stage of the proposed system was to evaluate the performance of four machine learning algorithms, namely support vector machine (SVM), k nearest neighbor (k-NN), random forest (RF), and extreme gradient boost (XGBoost), based on a dataset of 767 infant images. The algorithm with the best performance was chosen as the classifying algorithm in the developed application. The second stage included designing an application that enables the user to perform jaundice detection for a patient under test with the minimum effort required by capturing the patient’s image using a USB webcam. Results: The obtained results of the first stage of the machine learning algorithms evaluation process indicated that XGBoost outperformed the rest of the algorithms by obtaining an accuracy of 99.63%. The second-best algorithm was the RF algorithm, which had an accuracy of 98.99%. Following RF, with a slight difference, was the k-NN algorithm. It achieved an accuracy of 98.25%. SVM scored the lowest performance among the above three algorithms, with an accuracy of 96.22%. Based on these obtained results, the XGBoost algorithm was chosen to be the classifier of the proposed system. In the second stage, the jaundice application was designed based on the model created by the XGBoost algorithm. This application ensured it was user friendly with as fast a processing time as possible. Conclusion: Early detection of neonatal jaundice is crucial due to the severity of its complications. A non-invasive system using a USB webcam and an XGBoost machine learning technique was proposed. The XGBoost algorithm achieved 99.63% accuracy and successfully diagnosed 10 out of 10 NICU infants with very little processing time. This denotes the efficiency of machine learning algorithms in healthcare in general and in monitoring systems specifically.
Physically and Chemically Crosslinked Hyaluronic Acid-Based Hydrogels Differentially Promote Axonal Outgrowth from Neural Tissue Cultures
Authors: Bajic Andrej , Andersson Brittmarie , Ossinger Alexander , Tavakoli Shima , Varghese Oommen P. , Schizas Nikos
Published: February 2024

Our aim was to investigate axonal outgrowth from different tissue models on soft biomaterials based on hyaluronic acid (HA). We hypothesized that HA-based hydrogels differentially promote axonal outgrowth from different neural tissues. Spinal cord sliced cultures (SCSCs) and dorsal root ganglion cultures (DRGCs) were maintained on a collagen gel, a physically crosslinked HA-based hydrogel (Healon 5®) and a novel chemically crosslinked HA-based hydrogel, with or without the presence of neurotrophic factors (NF). Time-lapse microscopy was performed after two, five and eight days, where axonal outgrowth was assessed by automated image analysis. Neuroprotection was investigated by PCR. Outgrowth was observed in all groups; however, in the collagen group, it was scarce. At the middle timepoint, outgrowth from SCSCs was superior in both HA-based groups compared to collagen, regardless of the presence of NF. In DRGCs, the outgrowth in Healon 5® with NF was significantly higher compared to the rest of the groups. PCR revealed upregulation of NeuN gene expression in the HA-based groups compared to controls after excitotoxic injury. The differences in neurite outgrowth from the two different tissue models suggest that axons differentially respond to the two types of biomaterials.
The Optimization of a Natural Language Processing Approach for the Automatic Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease Using GPT Embeddings
Authors: Runde Benjamin S. , Alapati Ajit , Bazan Nicolas G.
Published: February 2024

The development of noninvasive and cost-effective methods of detecting Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is essential for its early prevention and mitigation. We optimize the detection of AD using natural language processing (NLP) of spontaneous speech through the use of audio enhancement techniques and novel transcription methodologies. Specifically, we utilized Boll Spectral Subtraction to improve audio fidelity and created transcriptions using state-of-the-art AI services—locally-based Wav2Vec and Whisper, alongside cloud-based IBM Cloud and Rev AI—evaluating their performance against traditional manual transcription methods. Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers were then trained and tested using GPT-based embeddings of transcriptions. Our findings revealed that AI-based transcriptions largely outperformed traditional manual ones, with Wav2Vec (enhanced audio) achieving the best accuracy and F-1 score (0.99 for both metrics) for locally-based systems and Rev AI (standard audio) performing the best for cloud-based systems (0.96 for both metrics). Furthermore, this study revealed the detrimental effects of interviewer speech on model performance in addition to the minimal effect of audio enhancement. Based on our findings, current AI transcription and NLP technologies are highly effective at accurately detecting AD with available data but struggle to classify probable AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a prodromal stage of AD, due to a lack of training data, laying the groundwork for the future implementation of an automatic AD detection system.
Individual Differences in Risk and Protective Factors: The Role of Self-Compassion Components among Emergency Responders
Authors: Colpizzi Ilaria , Berti Celeste , Sica Claudio , Alfei Virginia , Caudek Corrado
Published: February 2024

This study investigates individual differences in protective and risk factors among rescue workers (RWs), particularly Red Cross members, to optimize well-being and job performance under high-stress conditions. Employing a person-centered approach, two psychological profiles were identified: an adaptively resilient profile and a maladaptively vulnerable profile, characterized by distinct personality traits, coping methods, life events, and social support networks. A notable external criterion, self-compassion, discerned the profiles with maladaptively vulnerable individuals who exhibited higher self-judgment, social isolation, and emotional over-identification. The study also examined the impact of job roles on these profiles, discovering a prevalence of adaptive resilience among drivers, contrasting with team members who displayed maladaptive resilience and lower self-compassion scores. These insights suggest a nuanced method for identifying RWs who require specialized support, proposing tailored interventions, especially those enhancing self-compassion. The study, through an extensive psychological metric analysis, provides a deeper comprehension of resilience and vulnerability among RWs. This research highlights the importance of recognizing individual differences in protective and risk factors, thereby contributing to the enhancement of mental health and resilience in high-stress professions.
Influence of Relative Age on Physical Condition and Academic Performance in Adolescents
Authors: Fernández-Galván Luis Miguel , Belando-Pedreño Noelia , Yañez-Araque Benito , Sánchez-Infante Jorge
Published: February 2024

Annual age grouping is a common organizational strategy in academics and sports. This strategy could promote the relative effects of age, which refers to the (dis)advantages that subjects who were born in the first or last months of the year may suffer. The consequences could be minimized, resulting in better physical and/or academic results. The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of the quarter of birth and examine the correlation between physical condition variables and academic performance. The sample included 79 students (51.90% females) 13.46 ± 0.21 years old in the second year of Obligatory Secondary Education. The physical variables of this study were explosive power, cardiorespiratory capacity, speed, flexibility, and muscle strength. They were evaluated using the horizontal jump tests, Cooper test, 50 m sprint, sit-and-reach test, and medicine ball exercises, respectively. The academic variables were obtained from the average academic grade, grouped by key competencies. An Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), controlling for gender, body mass, and height, revealed significant differences between male students born in the first quarter compared to those born in subsequent quarters in all physical condition variables (except for cardiorespiratory capacity). For female students, significant differences were observed only in the explosive power variable. No statistically significant intra-sex differences were evident in academic performance at any time of measurement. Additionally, moderate to large correlations were found in the physical condition and academic variables. It is concluded in relation to the need to implement diverse strategies regarding the process of developing physical conditions in adolescence that satisfy the growth needs of students based on age and sex.
Mental Imagery in the Relationship between Alexithymia and Parental Psychological Control
Authors: Wang Zengjian , Yang Ziying
Published: February 2024

This study aims to explore the mediating role of mental imagery in the relationship between alexithymia and parental psychological control among Chinese university students. Conducted between March and April 2023, this descriptive study involved 282 volunteer participants from a university in southern China. Data collection included the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), the Parental Psychological Control Scale (PPC), and the Vividness of Visual Mental Imagery questionnaire (VVIQ). The results revealed that: (1) based on established cut-off, 81 students were identified as highly alexithymic; (2) the alexithymia group scored higher on both the TAS and PPC and lower on the VVIQ compared to the non-alexithymia and possible-alexithymia groups; and (3) mediating analysis demonstrated a strong and positive correlation between parental psychological control and alexithymia for all participants, with visual mental imagery mediating this relationship. This study underscores the interconnectedness of parental psychological control, visual mental imagery, and alexithymia among college students. The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are also discussed.
Can Perceivers Differentiate Intense Facial Expressions? Eye Movement Patterns
Authors: Huang Leyu , Zhu Tongtong , Cai Jiaotao , Sun Yan , Wang Yanmei
Published: February 2024

Recent research on intense real-life faces has shown that although there was an objective difference in facial activities between intense winning faces and losing faces, viewers failed to differentiate the valence of such expressions. In the present study, we explored whether participants could perceive the difference between intense positive facial expressions and intense negative facial expressions in a forced-choice response task using eye-tracking techniques. Behavioral results showed that the recognition accuracy rate for intense facial expressions was significantly above the chance level. For eye-movement patterns, the results indicated that participants gazed more and longer toward the upper facial region (eyes) than the lower region (mouth) for intense losing faces. However, the gaze patterns were reversed for intense winning faces. The eye movement pattern for successful differentiation trials did not differ from failed differentiation trials. These findings provided preliminary evidence that viewers can utilize intense facial expression information and perceive the difference between intense winning faces and intense losing faces produced by tennis players in a forced-choice response task.
Measuring Attributions 50 Years on: From within-Country Poverty to Global Inequality
Authors: Bastias Franco , Peter Nadja , Goldstein Aristobulo , Sánchez-Montañez Santiago , Rohmann Anette , Landmann Helen
Published: February 2024

Fifty years after Feagin’s pioneering 1972 study, we present a systematic review of the measurement of attributions for poverty and economic inequality. We conducted a search for articles published from 1972 to 2023 in APA PsycArticles, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, APA PsycInfo, PSYNDEX Literature with PSYNDEX Tests, and Google Scholar. We used the following English keywords: “poor”, “poverty”, “inequality”, “attribution”, and “attributions” and their equivalents in Spanish. Applying our inclusion and exclusion criteria led to a final sample of 74 articles. We report three main findings. First, the majority of studies classify attributions on the dimensions of individualistic vs. structural. Second, there is a clear tendency to measure attributions for domestic poverty without considering supranational factors or poverty as a global challenge. Third, studies focus almost exclusively on poverty rather than (economic) inequality. We identify potential for future development within the literature, namely, from a domestic to a global perspective, from locus to controllability, and from poverty to inequality.
Challenges in the Integration of E-Procurement Procedures into Construction Supply Chains
Authors: Gurgun Asli Pelin , Kunkcu Handan , Koc Kerim , Arditi David , Atabay Senay
Published: February 2024

The growing interest in digitalization signals a need for technology-oriented supply chain operations in the construction industry. Electronic procurement (e-procurement) aims to convert traditional procurement approaches into web-based/online platforms. Even though e-procurement is an effective tool that may improve supply chain management, the extent of e-procurement implementation has been slow to date. This study investigates the barriers that hinder e-procurement implementation in construction supply chains with the aim of prioritizing solutions to the identified barriers relative to time, cost, quality, and construction owner satisfaction. A comprehensive literature survey was performed, and a focus group discussion was organized for the purpose of the study, which resulted in the identification of 28 barriers. Then, a total of 131 construction practitioners were contacted to evaluate the barriers through a questionnaire survey. The responses were analyzed using the fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarities to Ideal Solution (fuzzy TOPSIS) for prioritization. Finally, 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted to gain a deeper insight into the transformation process from the conventional procurement route to the e-procurement solution. Findings highlight that issues related to unexpected order cancellations, large variations in material costs, and the uncertain nature of the industry that requires a large number of changes are ranked as the most significant barriers. Given the highly competitive environment and the high demand for advanced technologies in the construction industry, a new paradigm can enhance the efficiency of supply chain operations. Exploring and eliminating the potential difficulties of adopting e-procurement in the procurement process may be a good start. Overall, this research is expected to facilitate the transformation of the procurement process by addressing the critical barriers identified by practitioners.
Building Information Modeling and Geographic Information System: Integrated Framework in Support of Facility Management (FM)
Authors: Congiu Eleonora , Quaquero Emanuela , Rubiu Giulia , Vacca Giuseppina
Published: February 2024

Currently, the management of public real estate stocks is one of the most challenging activities. In this case, facility management emerges as a strategic but complex discipline that requires a great amount of integrated and structured data and information of heterogeneous origin and nature. Starting from this premise, this paper focuses on how FM discipline can be supported by Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information System (GIS) integrated methodologies and tools achieving high levels of effectiveness and efficiency in public building stock management. This led to the definition and development of a framework that mainly takes advantage of open-source tools (e.g., Quantum Geographic Information System—QGIS, and Dynamo) and non-proprietary data exchange formats like the COBie (Construction Operations Building Information Exchange) international standard. This methodological framework is capable of integrating different but strongly complementary tools, data, information, and expert knowledge for a multiscale approach. The methodology presented in this paper does not provide for an integral transfer of BIM data to the GIS platform but leads instead to an effective bidirectional integration between the two informative systems, by properly relating them and allowing for an easy switch from one system database to the other. The findings of experimental applications of the methodological approach to the former Macciotta pediatric hospital, a healthcare building owned by the University of Cagliari, are presented and discussed. Finally, the analysis about potentials and criticalities of the developed methodological framework aims to trigger the widest future development and dissemination of this research.
A Field Study to Measure the Surrounding Stress of Rock and Supporting Structure of a Steep Tunnel with a Combination of Hard and Soft Rock Layers under Plate Compression
Authors: Zhang Yonghui , Hu Zhiping , Li Sheng , He Pengyuan , Hu Jiangyang , Wang Boyu , Zheng Yunxin
Published: February 2024

Tunnels excavated in a combination of hard and soft rock strata with high ground stress are prone to large deformations, collapse, and other disasters. The Yongfeng Tunnel, a reconstruction and expansion of the G544 line, suffered severe high ground stress from plate compression. This paper studied the surrounding rock pressure and supporting structure stress characteristics of tunnels with a combination of hard and soft rock strata with high ground stress by using earth pressure cells, surface strain gauges, and embedded strain gauges to test all stress related to the surrounding rock, primary support, and secondary lining. It was found that the contact pressure (P1) between the initial support and the surrounding rock and the contact pressure (P2) between the initial support of the leading tunnel were distributed in the direction of vertical stratification, while the contact pressures (P1 and P2) of the lagging tunnel were different due to the excavation unloading of the leading tunnel. The maximum stress positions of the initial support of the leading tunnel and the lagging tunnel were located in the left arch waist and the vault, respectively. However, the maximum stress position of the secondary lining was generally located on the side wall. The research results presented herein can guide future tunnel construction projects.
Exploring the Prospective Role of Propolis in Modifying Aging Hallmarks
Authors: Scorza Carla , Goncalves Valeria , Finsterer Josef , Scorza Fúlvio , Fonseca Fernando
Published: February 2024

Aging populations worldwide are placing age-related diseases at the forefront of the research agenda. The therapeutic potential of natural substances, especially propolis and its components, has led to these products being promising agents for alleviating several cellular and molecular-level changes associated with age-related diseases. With this in mind, scientists have introduced a contextual framework to guide future aging research, called the hallmarks of aging. This framework encompasses various mechanisms including genomic instability, epigenetic changes, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, impaired nutrient sensing, and altered intercellular communication. Propolis, with its rich array of bioactive compounds, functions as a potent functional food, modulating metabolism, gut microbiota, inflammation, and immune response, offering significant health benefits. Studies emphasize propolis’ properties, such as antitumor, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects, as well as its ability to mitigate inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and pathogenic gut bacteria growth. This article underscores current scientific evidence supporting propolis’ role in controlling molecular and cellular characteristics linked to aging and its hallmarks, hypothesizing its potential in geroscience research. The aim is to discover novel therapeutic strategies to improve health and quality of life in older individuals, addressing existing deficits and perspectives in this research area.
Benefits and Pitfalls of a Glycosylation Inhibitor Tunicamycin in the Therapeutic Implication of Cancers
Authors: Banerjee Snigdha , Ansari Affan A. , Upadhyay Sunil P. , Mettman Daniel J. , Hibdon Jamie R. , Quadir Mohiuddin , Ghosh Pratyusha , Kambhampati Anjali , Banerjee Sushanta K.
Published: February 2024

The aberrant glycosylation is a hallmark of cancer progression and chemoresistance. It is also an immune therapeutic target for various cancers. Tunicamycin (TM) is one of the potent nucleoside antibiotics and an inhibitor of aberrant glycosylation in various cancer cells, including breast cancer, gastric cancer, and pancreatic cancer, parallel with the inhibition of cancer cell growth and progression of tumors. Like chemotherapies such as doxorubicin (DOX), 5′fluorouracil, etoposide, and cisplatin, TM induces the unfolded protein response (UPR) by blocking aberrant glycosylation. Consequently, stress is induced in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that promotes apoptosis. TM can thus be considered a potent antitumor drug in various cancers and may promote chemosensitivity. However, its lack of cell-type-specific cytotoxicity impedes its anticancer efficacy. In this review, we focus on recent advances in our understanding of the benefits and pitfalls of TM therapies in various cancers, including breast, colon, and pancreatic cancers, and discuss the mechanisms identified by which TM functions. Finally, we discuss the potential use of nano-based drug delivery systems to overcome non-specific toxicity and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of TM as a targeted therapy.
Analysis of the Luminescent Emission during Flash Sintering of 8YSZ and 20SDC Ceramics
Authors: Muccillo Reginaldo , Diaz Julio Cesar C. A. , Muccillo Eliana N. S.
Published: February 2024

Light-emission data were collected before, during, and after the occurrence of the flash event in pressureless electric-field-assisted (flash) sintering experiments on ZrO2: 8 mol% Y2O3 (8YSZ) and CeO2: 20 mol% Sm2O3 (20SDC) ceramic green pellets to analyze the luminescent emission from the samples. The experiments were performed at 800 °C with an applied electric field of 100 V·cm−1 at 1 kHz, limiting the electric current to 1 A. Luminescence data were obtained in the 200–1200 nm (ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared) range. The deconvolution of the optical spectra allowed for the identification of emission bands in the visible range due exclusively to the samples. The wavelength maxima of the emission bands in 8YSZ were found to be different from those in 20SDC. It is suggested that these bands might originate from the interaction of the electric current, resulting from the application of the electric field, with the depleted species located at the space-charge region at the grain boundaries of these ceramics. The main results represent a contribution to help to clarify the mechanisms responsible for the fast densification with inhibition of grain growth in electroceramics.
Hydrogen Sensing Properties of FET-Type Sensors with Pt-In2O3 at Room Temperature
Authors: Wu Meile , Hu Shixin , Wu Zhanyu , Wang Zebin , Li Meng , Liu Xi , Jin Xiaoshi , Lee Jong-Ho
Published: February 2024

In this paper, a field effect transistor (FET)-type sensor with Pt-decorated In2O3 (Pt-In2O3) nanoparticles is fabricated for detecting H2 gas at room temperature. A pulsed measurement method is adopted to continuously alternate between pre-biasing the gate and reading the drain current of the FET-type sensor. This method effectively reduces the drift in the sensing signal. It is also found that negative pre-bias voltages can dramatically shorten the recovery time of the sensor after sensing H2, while positive pre-bias voltages have the opposite effect. The H2 sensing performance of the sensor is characterized under the enhancement of a pulsed negative pre-bias. By calculating and comparing the root mean square, signal-to-noise ratio, and detection limit of the sensor under different operating regions, it is found that the sensor has the best sensing performance in the subthreshold region, which is suggested to be the optimum operating region for FET-type sensors. In addition, the presence of oxygen significantly consumes the hydrogen molecules and reduces the room-temperature H2 sensitivity of the sensor. The proposed sensor presents promising H2 sensing properties, and this research could be a guide for the use of FET-type sensors in more gas detection applications.
Dual Immunoglobulin Domain-Containing Cell Adhesion Molecule Increases Early in Renal Tubular Cell Injury and Plays Anti-Inflammatory Role
Authors: Han Jin , Yook Ju-Min , Oh Se-Hyun , Chung Yu Kyung , Jung Hee-Yeon , Choi Ji-Young , Cho Jang-Hee , Park Sun-Hee , Kim Chan-Duck , Kim Yong-Lim , Han Seungwoo , Lim Jeong-Hoon
Published: February 2024

Dual immunoglobulin domain-containing cell adhesion molecule (DICAM) is a type I transmembrane protein that presents in various cells including renal tubular cells. This study evaluated the expression and protective role of DICAM in renal tubular cell injury. HK-2 cells were incubated and treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 30 μg/mL) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 100 μM) for 24 h. To investigate the effect of the gene silencing of DICAM, small interfering RNA of DICAM was used. Additionally, to explain its role in cellular response to injury, DICAM was overexpressed using an adenoviral vector. DICAM protein expression levels significantly increased following treatment with LPS or H2O2 in HK-2 cells. In response to oxidative stress, DICAM showed an earlier increase (2–4 h following treatment) than neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) (24 h following treatment). DICAM gene silencing increased the protein expression of inflammation-related markers, including IL-1β, TNF-α, NOX4, integrin β1, and integrin β3, in H2O2-induced HK-2 cell injury. Likewise, in the LPS-induced HK-2 cell injury, DICAM knockdown led to a decrease in occludin levels and an increase in integrin β3, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels. Furthermore, DICAM overexpression followed by LPS-induced HK-2 cell injury resulted in an increase in occludin levels and a decrease in integrin β1, integrin β3, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels, suggesting an alleviating effect on inflammatory responses. DICAM was elevated in the early stage of regular tubular cell injury and may protect against renal tubular injury through its anti-inflammatory properties. DICAM has a potential as an early diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for renal cell injury.
Insights into the Adsorption of Cr(VI) on Activated Carbon Prepared from Walnut Shells: Combining Response Surface Methodology with Computational Calculation
Authors: Yazid Hicham , Bouzid Taoufiq , El mouchtari El mountassir , Bahsis Lahoucine , El Himri Mamoune , Rafqah Salah , El haddad Mohammadine
Published: February 2024

Walnut shells were used to produce highly microporous activated carbon. The prepared activated walnut shells were found to be an efficient adsorbent for removing Cr(VI). The study used the response surface methodology to investigate four independent variables effect: Cr(VI) concentration, pH, AC-Ws dose, and temperature on the Cr(VI) removal efficiency, which was studied in the concentration range of 0.1 to 0.3 g/L, 4 to 10, 15 to 35 °C and 1 to 5 mg/L, respectively. Through experiments designed, the optimum conditions were determined to be 4, 0.23 g/L, 298 k, and 2 g/L, respectively. At these conditions, the efficiency of removal was found to be 93%. The thermodynamic study of the adsorption process showed a spontaneous and exothermic nature. The kinetic model that explains the experimental data is the pseudo-second-order model. Furthermore, the Langmuir isotherm model was estimated to be an excellent representation of the equilibrium data. Quantum calculations and NCI analyses were also performed to get more light on the adsorption mechanism of the Cr(VI) atom and its complex form on the prepared AC-Ws surface.
A Coaxial Nozzle Attachment Improving the Homogeneity of the Gas Flow Sputtering
Authors: Alktash Nivin , Körner Stefan , Liu Tianhao , Pflug Andreas , Szyszka Bernd , Muydinov Ruslan
Published: February 2024

The Hollow Cathode Gas Flow Sputtering (GFS) provides special plasma conditions and is of extensive interest as a more affordable alternative to the high vacuum sputtering techniques. In the case of the tubular cathode a circular outlet symmetry stipulates homogeneity issues for both metallic and reactive deposition regimes. Using the results of Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC), we propose an external coaxial attachment which is manufactured and examined in a nozzle and a diffuser positioning. The impact on the homogeneity of Ti and TiO2 films is examined using profilometry and spectral ellipsometry. Our results demonstrate that the use of the nozzle attachment significantly enhances film homogeneity from about 3 cm2 to more than 12 cm2. It also secures better process control in terms of oxygen stoichiometry and film thickness. Some crucial general issues of the reactive GFS process are discussed.
Deep-Level Transient Spectroscopy Studies on Four Different Zinc Oxide Morphologies
Authors: Rathnasekara Rusiri , Mayberry Grant M. , Hari Parameswar
Published: February 2024

In this work, we described the variations in the defect energy levels of four different ZnO morphologies, namely nanoribbons, nanorods, nanoparticles, and nanoshuttles. All the ZnO morphologies were grown on a seeded 4% Boron-doped p-type silicon (p-Si) wafer by using two different synthesis techniques, which are chemical bath deposition and microwave-assisted methods. The defect energy levels were analyzed by using the Deep-Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) characterization method. The DLTS measurements were performed in the 123 K to 423 K temperature range. From the DLTS spectra, we found the presence of different trap-related defects in the synthesized ZnO nanostructures. We labeled all the traps related to the four different ZnO nanostructures as P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5. We discussed the presence of defects by measuring the activation energy (Ea) and capture cross-section (α). The lowest number of defect energy levels was exhibited by the ZnO nanorods at 0.27 eV, 0.18 eV, and 0.75 eV. Both the ZnO nanoribbons and nanoparticles show four traps, which have energies of 0.31 eV, 0.23 eV, 0.87 eV, and 0.44 eV and 0.27 eV, 0.22 eV, 0.88 eV, and 0.51 eV, respectively. From the DLTS spectrum of the nanoshuttles, we observe five traps with different activation energies of 0.13 eV, 0.28 eV, 0.25 eV, 0.94 eV, and 0.50 eV. The DLTS analysis revealed that the origin of the nanostructure defect energy levels can be attributed to Zinc vacancies (Vzn), Oxygen vacancies (Vo), Zinc interstitials (Zni), Oxygen interstitials (Oi), and Zinc antisites (Zno). Based on our analysis, the ZnO nanorods showed the lowest number of defect energy levels compared to the other ZnO morphologies.
The Unpredictable Ulnar Nerve—Ulnar Nerve Entrapment from Anatomical, Pathophysiological, and Biopsychosocial Aspects
Authors: Nyman Erika , Dahlin Lars B.
Published: February 2024

Peripheral nerves consist of delicate structures, including a rich microvascular system, that protect and nourish axons and associated Schwann cells. Nerves are sensitive to internal and external trauma, such as compression and stretching. Ulnar nerve entrapment, the second most prevalent nerve entrapment disorder after carpal tunnel syndrome, appears frequently at the elbow. Although often idiopathic, known risk factors, including obesity, smoking, diabetes, and vibration exposure, occur. It exists in all adult ages (mean age 40–50 years), but seldom affects individuals in their adolescence or younger. The patient population is heterogeneous with great co-morbidity, including other nerve entrapment disorders. Typical early symptoms are paresthesia and numbness in the ulnar fingers, followed by decreased sensory function and muscle weakness. Pre- and postoperative neuropathic pain is relatively common, independent of other symptom severity, with a risk for serious consequences. A multimodal treatment strategy is necessary. Mild to moderate symptoms are usually treated conservatively, while surgery is an option when conservative treatment fails or in severe cases. The decision to perform surgery might be difficult, and the outcome is unpredictable with the risk of complications. There is no consensus on the choice of surgical method, but simple decompression is relatively effective with a lower complication rate than transposition.
Updates in Diagnosis and Endoscopic Management of Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Caragut Roxana-Luiza , Ilie Madalina , Cabel Teodor , Günșahin Deniz , Panaitescu Afrodita , Pavel Christopher , Plotogea Oana Mihaela , Rînja Ecaterina Mihaela , Constantinescu Gabriel , Sandru Vasile
Published: February 2024

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an adenocarcinoma originating from the epithelial cells of the bile ducts/hepatocytes or peribiliary glands. There are three types of cholangiocarcinoma: intrahepatic, perihilar and distal. CCA represents approximately 3% of the gastrointestinal malignancies. The incidence of CCA is higher in regions of the Eastern world compared to the Western countries. There are multiple risk factors associated with cholangiocarcinoma such as liver fluke, primary sclerosing cholangitis, chronic hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Endoscopy plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of cholangiocarcinoma. The main endoscopic methods used for diagnosis, biliary drainage and delivering intrabiliary local therapies are endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasound. The purpose of this review is to analyze the current data found in literature about cholangiocarcinoma, with a focus on the actual diagnostic tools and endoscopic management options.
Congenital Heart Malformations Masked by Infantile Gangliosidosis—Case Report and Growing Evidence for Metabolic Disease-Associated Aortopathies
Authors: Mîndru Dana Elena , Țarcă Elena , Braha Elena Emanuela , Curpăn Alexandrina-Ștefania , Roșu Solange Tamara , Anton-Păduraru Dana-Teodora , Adumitrăchioaiei Heidrun , Bernic Valentin , Pădureț Ioana-Alexandra , Luca Alina Costina
Published: February 2024

Gangliosidosis (ORPHA: 79255) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease (LSD) with a variable phenotype and an incidence of 1:200000 live births. The underlying genotype is comprised GLB1 mutations that lead to β-galactosidase deficiency and subsequently to the accumulation of monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) in the brain and other organs. In total, two diseases have been linked to this gene mutation: Morquio type B and Gangliosidosis. The most frequent clinical manifestations include dysmorphic facial features, nervous and skeletal systems abnormalities, hepatosplenomegaly, and cardiomyopathies. The correct diagnosis of GM1 is a challenge due to the overlapping clinical manifestation between this disease and others, especially in infants. Therefore, in the current study we present the case of a 3-month-old male infant, admitted with signs and symptoms of respiratory distress alongside rapid progressive heart failure, with minimal neurologic and skeletal abnormalities, but with cardiovascular structural malformations. The atypical clinical presentation raised great difficulties for our diagnostic team. Unfortunately, the diagnostic of GM1 was made postmortem based on the DBS test and we were able to correlate the genotype with the unusual phenotypic findings.