bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Myocardial Viability and Risk Stratification in Coronary Chronic Total Occlusion: A Qualitative and Quantitative Stress Cardiac MRI Study
Authors: Jiang Mengchun , Chen Yueqin , Su Yang , Guo Hu , Zhou Xiaoyue , Luo Meichen , Zeng Mu , Hu Xinqun
Published: May 2023

Background

Indicators for assessing myocardial viability and risk stratification in patients with coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) are still in the research stage.

Purpose

To use stress‐MRI to assess myocardial function, blood perfusion, and viability and to explore their relationship with collateral circulation.

Study Type

Prospective.

Subjects

Fifty‐one patients with CTO in at least one major artery confirmed by X‐ray coronary angiography (male: 46; age 55.2 ± 10.8 years).

Field Strength/Sequence

3.0T; TurboFlash, balanced steady‐state free precession cine, and phase‐sensitive inversion recovery sequences.

Assessment

Stress‐MRI was used to obtain qualitative and quantitative parameters of segmental myocardium. Myocardial segments supplied by CTO target vessels were grouped according to the degree of collateral circulation assessed by radiographic coronary angiography (no/mild, moderate, or good). Depending on qualitative stress perfusion assessment and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) extent, segments were also categorized as negative, viable, or trans‐infarcted.

Statistical Tests

Independent sample Student's t‐test, one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test, Spearman correlation coefficient (r). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

A total of 334 segments were supplied by CTO target vessels. The radial strain (RS), circumferential strain (CS), longitudinal strain (LS) of the negative, viable, and trans‐infarcted regions showed a significant and stepwise impairment. Myocardial blood flow at rest was positively correlated with RS, CS, and LS (r = 0.42, 0.43, 0.38, respectively). Among the different collateral circulation, there were no significant differences in RS, CS, LS, and LGE volume (P = 0.788, 0.562, 0.122, 0.170, respectively), and there were also no statistically significant differences in the proportions of negative, viable, and trans‐infarcted regions (P = 0.372).

Data Conclusion

Myocardial perfusion obtained by stress‐MRI combined with strain and LGE may comprehensively evaluate myocardial function and viability, and has potential to facilitate risk stratification of CTO.

Evidence Level

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 1
The cellular redox state in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens WH1 affects biofilm formation indirectly in a surfactant direct manner
Authors: Sun Huiwan , Si Fengmei , Zhao Xiuyun , Li Feng , Qi Gaofu
Published: May 2023

Surfactin is a signal to trigger biofilm formation against harsh environments. Generally, harsh environments can result in change of the cellular redox state to induce biofilm formation, but we know little about whether the cellular redox state influences biofilm formation via surfactin. Here, the reductant glucose could reduce surfactin and enhance biofilm formation by a surfactin‐indirect way. The oxidant H2O2 led to a decrease of surfactin accompanying with weakened biofilm formation. Spx and PerR were both necessary for surfactin production and biofilm formation. H2O2 improved surfactin production but inhibited biofilm formation by a surfactin‐indirect manner in Δspx, while it reduced surfactin production without obvious influence on biofilm formation in ΔperR. The ability against H2O2 stress was enhanced in Δspx, but weakened in ΔperR. Thereby, PerR was favorable for resisting oxidative stress, while Spx played a negative role in this action. Knockout and compensation of rex also supported that the cells could form biofilm by a surfactin‐indirect way. Collectively, surfactin is not a unique signal to trigger biofilm formation, and the cellular redox state can influence biofilm formation by a surfactin‐direct or ‐indirect way in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens WH1.
Biofilm formation in Gram‐positives as an answer to combined salt and metal stress
Authors: Harpke Marie , Kothe Erika
Published: May 2023

Biofilm formation can lead to tolerance against stressors like antibiotics, toxic metals, salts, and other environmental contaminants. Halo‐ and metal‐tolerant bacilli and actinomycete strains isolated from a former uranium mining and milling site in Germany were shown to form biofilm in response to salt and metal treatment; specifically, Cs and Sr exposition led to biofilm formation. Since the strains were obtained from soil samples, a more structured environment was tested using expanded clay to provide porous structures resembling the natural environment. There, accumulation of Cs could be shown for Bacillus sp. SB53B, and high Sr accumulation ranging from 75% to 90% was seen with all isolates tested. We could, therefore, show that biofilms in a structured environment like soil will contribute to the water purification obtained by the passage of water through the critical zone of soil, providing an ecosystem benefit that can hardly be overestimated.
A 600‐year marine record associated with the dynamics of the eastern Penny Ice Cap (Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada)
Authors: Rodríguez‐Cuicas María‐Emilia , Montero‐Serrano Jean‐Carlos , St‐Onge Guillaume , Normandeau Alexandre
Published: May 2023

Two composite sedimentary sequences sampled in the ice‐proximal (12CS) and ice‐distal (02CS) areas of Coronation Fjord (Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada) were investigated in order to reconstruct the effect of climate variability on 600 years of changes in sediment transfer from the eastern Penny Ice Cap (PIC). Detrital proxies, and physical and sedimentological analyses revealed that glacial meltwater discharges led to frequent rapidly deposited layers (RDLs) in ice‐proximal settings. RDLs in ice‐distal settings involved the sudden release of a large quantity of sediment‐laden water during floods probably originating from adjacent fjords with large sandur deltas. Laminated sediments with ice‐rafted debris throughout the Little Ice Age interval in the ice‐proximal environment suggest that colder conditions promoted glacier growth, leading to successive episodes of turbid hyperpycnal meltwater plumes and iceberg calving in Coronation Fjord. Since 1850 ce, the accelerated Coronation retreat in response to modern warming has led to increased sedimentation rates, abrupt mineralogical and grain size proxy variations and more frequent RDLs. Similar trends between the detrital proxies of the ice‐proximal core and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation record and Arctic surface air temperature suggest high connectivity between atmospheric and sea surface temperature variations and PIC dynamics over the last 600 years.
Social scarcity and tourist's life satisfaction: An empirical and theoretical analysis
Authors: Bimonte Salvatore
Published: May 2023

This paper presents the results of an analysis that compared two types of tourists who hold a different view of and interact differently with their surrounding environment. It evidenced that more consumptive and consumer‐oriented tourists are normally less happy than those practising more appreciative and sharing‐oriented activities. To explain the differential, it offers a theoretical interpretation based on the idea that individual choices are not autonomous and independent, and that aspects like comparisons, observability of possessions and level of competition in the reference group may dampen the effect of various correlates on people's life satisfaction.
Digital Light Processing‐3D Printing of Thermoset Materials with High Biodegradability from Amino Acid‐Derived Acrylamide Monomers
Authors: Isarn Isaac , Hodásová Ľudmila , Pérez‐Madrigal Maria M. , Estrany Francesc , Armelin Elaine , Bravo Fernando
Published: May 2023

Six acrylamide resins, derived from l‐phenylalanine and l‐leucine, are designed for application in digital light processing (DLP) printers to obtain biodegradable thermoset polymers. The acrylamide copolymers are prepared under light irradiation at 405 nm and thermal post‐curing processes. Low molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate (PEGDA) and N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMAM), both liquid resins, are used as co‐monomers and diluents for the amino acid‐derived acrylamide solubilization. The presence of two phenylalanine units and two ester groups in the acrylamide monomer accuses a fast degradation rate in hydrolytic medium in 90 days. The residual products leached in the aqueous media prove to be non‐cytotoxic, when 3D‐printed samples are cultured with osteoblast cells (MG63), which represents an advantage for the safe disposal of printer waste materials. The scaled‐up pieces derived from l‐phenylalanine and diethylene glycol, as amino acid‐derived acrylamide (named compound C), PEGDA and DMAM, present high dimensional stability after DLP printing of complex structures used as testing samples. Layers of 50 µm of thickness are well cohesive having isotropic behavior, as demonstrated with tensile‐strain measurements performed in X–Y–Z (plane) directions. The compound C, which contains phenylalanine amino acid, reveals a promising potential to replace non‐biodegradable acrylate polymers used in prototyping systems.
Treatment of Freiberg's disease using a reverse pedicled metatarsal bone flap: Case report
Authors: Soldado Francisco , Moreira Borim Felipe , Knörr Jorge
Published: May 2023

Despite no surgical procedures receiving unanimous support for treating Freiberg's disease, several surgical treatment options have been described. For the past few years, bone flaps have been shown in children to present promising regenerative properties. We report a novel technique using a reverse pedicled metatarsal bone flap from the first metatarsal to treat one case of Freiberg's disease in a 13‐year‐old female. The patient presented 100% involvement of the second metatarsal head, with a 6 × 2 mm defect, unresponsive to 16 months of conservative measures. A 7 mm × 3 mm pedicled metatarsal bone flap (PMBF) was obtained from the lateral proximal first metatarsal metaphysis, mobilized and pedicled distally. It was inserted at the dorsum of the distal metaphysis of the second metacarpal towards the center of the metatarsal head, reaching the subchondral bone. Initial favorable clinical and radiological results were maintained for over 36 months during the last follow‐up. Based on the powerful vasculogenic and osteogenic properties of bone flaps, this novel technique could effectively induce bone revascularization and prevent further collapse of the metatarsal's head.
An ecological‐economic fishery model: Maximizing the societal benefit through an integrated approach of fishing and ecotourism
Authors: Sarkar Biswajit , Bhattacharya Santanu , Bairagi Nandadulal
Published: May 2023

One of the essential tasks of the modern fishery is to integrate fishery‐based tourism with it as a part of sustainable development. Here, we propose and study a two‐species fishery model where the ecological and economic concepts are integrated. The objectives are to demonstrate the effect of fishing tax and tourist entrance fees to stabilize fishery dynamics and maximize revenue generation. For this, we consider a predator–prey fishery model coupled with dynamic harvesting and time‐dependent fish price variation. The prey fish is commercially harvested, and the predatory fish is used for recreation purposes of the visitors with an entry fee. A fishing tax is levied on the fishers to restrict the overfishing of this renewable resource. We provide the local and global stability conditions of different equilibrium points of the system and unveil the broader dynamics through bifurcation analysis. Pontryagin's maximum principle shows the existence of an optimal fishing tax that maximizes overall revenue generation.
The shifting baseline syndrome as a connective concept for more informed and just responses to global environmental change
Authors: Alleway Heidi K. , Klein Emily S. , Cameron Liz , Douglass Kristina , Govia Ishtar , Guell Cornelia , Lim Michelle , Robin Libby , Thurstan Ruth H.
Published: May 2023

The concept of the ‘shifting baseline syndrome’ has assisted researchers in understanding how expectations for the health of the environment deteriorate, despite known, often widespread, and significant impacts from human activities. The concept has been used to demonstrate that more accurate assessment of historical ecosystem decline can be achieved by balancing contemporary perceptions with other sorts of evidence, and is now widely referred to in studies assessing environmental change.

The potential of this concept as a model for examining and addressing complex and multidimensional social‐ecological interactions, however, is underexplored and current approaches have limitations.

We perceive the shifting baseline syndrome as a rare working example of a ‘connective concept’ that can work across fields of science, the humanities and others and that re‐envisioning the concept in this way would assist us to establish more complete, true and reflective environmental baselines.

Through our diverse author team, from a range of disciplines, geographies and cultural backgrounds, we identify gaps in current knowledge of the shifting baseline syndrome concept, its use and its effects, and describe several approaches that could be taken to improve investigations and capitalise on the connectivity that it fosters. This re‐envisioning could support a more informed and just way forward in addressing global environmental change.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Exposure to violence and asthma in Puerto Rican youth with high Th2 immunity
Authors: Gaietto Kristina , Han Yueh‐Ying , Forno Erick , Acosta‐Pérez Edna , Marsland Anna , Miller Gregory E. , Rosser Franziska J. , Chen Wei , Canino Glorisa , Celedón Juan C.
Published: May 2023

Background

Little is known about the determinants of asthma among youth with high T helper 2 (Th2) immunity. We hypothesized that exposure to violence (ETV) and violence‐related distress are associated with asthma in children and adolescents with high Th2 immunity.

Methods

We analyzed data from Puerto Ricans with high Th2 immunity aged 9−20 years in the Puerto Rico Genetics of Asthma and Lifestyle (PR‐GOAL) and the Epigenetic Variation of Childhood Asthma in Puerto Ricans (EVA‐PR) studies, and in a prospective study (PROPRA). High Th2‐immunity was defined as ≥1 positive allergen‐specific IgE and/or a total IgE ≥ 100 IU/mL and/or an eosinophil count ≥ 150 cells/μL. Asthma was defined as physician‐diagnosed asthma and current wheeze. ETV and violence‐related distress were assessed with the validated ETV Scale and Checklist of Children's Distress Symptoms (CCDS) questionnaires, respectively.

Results

In multivariable analyses, each 1‐point increment in ETV score was significantly associated with 1.13−1.17 times increased odds of asthma in PR‐GOAL and in EVA‐PR (both at p ≤ 0.01), and each 1‐point increment in CCDS score was significantly associated with 1.53‐1.54 increased odds of asthma in PR‐GOAL and in EVA‐PR (both at p ≤ 0.03). Further, a persistently high ETV score was significantly associated with asthma in PROPRA (odds ratio [OR] = 2.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10−7.29). Similar results were obtained in a sensitivity analysis using an eosinophil count ≥ 300 cells/μL instead of ≥150 cells/μL to define high Th2 immunity.

Conclusions

ETV during childhood is associated with increased risk of persistent or new‐onset asthma in youth with high Th2 immunity.
Mechanistic and kinetic study of the oxidation of trifluoroacetonitrile by hydroxyl and oxygen
Authors: Zhang Mi , Tian Yafeng , Hou Hua , Wang Baoshan
Published: May 2023

Trifluoroacetonitrile (CF3CN) is one of the perfluoronitriles to be used as replacements for electrical insulation, working fluids, and biomedical applications. Potential energy surfaces for the reactions of CF3CN with OH radicals in the presence of molecular O2 have been calculated in details using the second‐order Møller−Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) and coupled‐cluster theory with single and double substitutions (CCSD) for geometrical optimization, and the restricted open‐shell complete basis set quadratic ROCBS‐QB3, multireference second‐order Rayleigh–Schrodinger perturbation theory extrapolated to complete basis set limit (RS2/CBS), and the explicitly‐correlated RS2 theory (RS2‐F12) for energetics. The CF3CN + OH reaction undergoes predominantly via the CO addition/elimination mechanism, leading to CF3C(OH)N radical adduct followed by the formation of CF3 and HOCN. The OH radicals could be recycled through the interception of CF3C(OH)N by O2 to form the orientation‐dependent CF3C(OH)NO2 radicals, leading to CF3C(O)NO + OH via the successive H‐migration and OO bond fission. Under the typical atmospheric conditions, the OH‐recycling mechanism is dominant for the oxidation of CF3CN. The production of CF3 and HOCN can be significant at high temperatures and low pressures. Theoretical rate coefficients are in excellent agreement with the experimental data. The effect of substitution on the reactivity of the perfluoronitriles toward OH was revealed. The present work provides a fundamental understanding on the degradation of CF3CN and serves as a theoretical basis for its secondary chemistry.
No evidence for cottonwood forest decline along a flow‐augmented western U.S. river
Authors: Christensen Cetan , Katz Gabrielle , Friedman Jonathan , Redmond Miranda D. , Norton Andrew
Published: May 2023

In contrast to many other arid region rivers, streamflow in the South Platte River is heavily augmented by trans‐basin water imports and irrigation return flows. Hydrological changes began in the 1880s, resulting in channel narrowing and the development of a continuous Populus‐Salix forest by the mid‐twentieth century. We assessed the composition, structure and regeneration status of the riparian forest and identified environmental variables affecting annual Populus deltoides tree growth. We sampled forest structure at four sites in 2015, and conducted dendroecological analysis at seven additional sites in 2019. The riparian forest was dominated by P. deltoides, which occurred at all sites, comprising 79% of total tree basal area and 62% of total tree density. Age structure data indicated ongoing though episodic recruitment of P. deltoides, at least over the past ~130 years. We tested 14 linear mixed effects models to describe the effect of climate and streamflow on individual tree growth (modeled as the log of BAI, n = 237 trees). The most parsimonious model selected with AICc explained 28.6% of BAI variability, and included hydrology and climate factors during the growing season (i.e., June–August streamflow, June–July PDSI), some aspects of off‐season (i.e., previous November and March) streamflow, along with tree age and study site effects. The riparian forest developed in response to, and has been maintained by, current climate conditions and water management regimes. It may be negatively affected by future climate change and increased urban water demand in the basin.
Nanotechnologies for the Diagnosis and Treatment of SARS‐CoV‐2 and Its Variants
Authors: Park Eunhye , Choi So Young , Kim Jieun , Hildebrandt Niko , Lee Jin Seok , Nam Jwa‐Min
Published: May 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), responsible for the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, has caused well over 750 million infections and 6.8 million deaths. Rapid diagnosis and isolation of infected patients are the primary aims of the concerned authorities to minimize the casualties. The endeavor to mitigate the pandemic has been impeded by the emergence of newly identified genomic variants of SARS‐CoV‐2. Some of these variants are considered as serious threats because of their higher transmissibility and potential immune evasion, leading to reduced vaccine efficiency. Nanotechnology can play an important role in advancing both diagnosis and therapy of COVID‐19. In this review, nanotechnology‐based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies against SARS‐CoV‐2 and its variants are introduced. The biological features and functions of the virus, the mechanism of infection, and currently used approaches for diagnosis, vaccination, and therapy are discussed. Then, nanomaterial‐based nucleic acid‐ and antigen‐targeting diagnostic methods and viral activity suppression approaches that have a strong potential to advance both diagnostics and therapeutics toward control and containment of the COVID‐19 pandemic are focused upon.
Living together: The role of Candida albicans in the formation of polymicrobial biofilms in the oral cavity
Authors: Rapala‐Kozik Maria , Surowiec Magdalena , Juszczak Magdalena , Wronowska Ewelina , Kulig Kamila , Bednarek Aneta , Gonzalez‐Gonzalez Miriam , Karkowska‐Kuleta Justyna , Zawrotniak Marcin , Satała Dorota , Kozik Andrzej
Published: May 2023

The oral cavity of humans is colonized by diversity of microbial community, although dominated by bacteria, it is also constituted by a low number of fungi, often represented by Candida albicans. Although in the vast minority, this usually commensal fungus under certain conditions of the host (e.g., immunosuppression or antibiotic therapy), can transform into an invasive pathogen that adheres to mucous membranes and also to medical or dental devices, causing mucosal infections. This transformation is correlated with changes in cell morphology from yeast‐like cells to hyphae and is supported by numerous virulence factors exposed by C. albicans cells at the site of infection, such as multifunctional adhesins, degradative enzymes, or toxin. All of them affect the surrounding host cells or proteins, leading to their destruction. However, at the site of infection, C. albicans can interact with different bacterial species and in its filamentous form may produce biofilms—the elaborated consortia of microorganisms, that present increased ability to host colonization and resistance to antimicrobial agents. In this review, we highlight the modification of the infectious potential of C. albicans in contact with different bacterial species, and also consider the mutual bacterial‐fungal relationships, involving cooperation, competition, or antagonism, that lead to an increase in the propagation of oral infection. The mycofilm of C. albicans is an excellent hiding place for bacteria, especially those that prefer low oxygen availability, where microbial cells during mutual co‐existence can avoid host recognition or elimination by antimicrobial action. However, these microbial relationships, identified mainly in in vitro studies, are modified depending on the complexity of host conditions and microbial dominance in vivo.
General Topology
Authors: Jongeneel Wouter , Moulay Emmanuel
Published: May 2023

This chapter presents the main general topological tools, as used in later parts. In particular we highlight topological manifolds, homotopies and retractions.
Dynamical Control Systems
Authors: Jongeneel Wouter , Moulay Emmanuel
Published: May 2023

In this chapter we define dynamical control systems over spaces previously discussed and we formalize concepts as touched upon in Chap. 3. We start by introducing continuous-time dynamical systems on manifolds and a variety of stability notions. Then, we highlight Lyapunov stability theory, in particular, converse results. We end by detailing continuous control systems and a few stabilization paradigms.
Towards Accepting and Overcoming Topological Obstructions
Authors: Jongeneel Wouter , Moulay Emmanuel
Published: May 2023

This chapter briefly highlights how one might address the aforementioned topological obstructions. We discuss almost global stabilization, periodic time-varying feedback and the broadest and most successful framework for discontinuous feedback: hybrid control theory.
Towards New Approaches of Understanding the Greening of Capital Markets
Authors: Neumann Manuel
Published: May 2023

This chapter combines different approaches to capture the discursive, financial(ized), and political-economic aspects of efforts to green capital markets. To understand the stalling uptake of green bonds, it introduces Cultural Political Economy (CPE), financialization, and Transition Studies as useful approaches to foreground discursive elements in nascent market promotion, the repositioning of the financial sector as a main driver in low-carbon transitions under the so-called Wall Street Consensus, and the political economic bottlenecks a fossil-based economy like South Africa faces.
Role of Integrated Magnetics and Geology in Tracking and Exploring Complex Structures Controlling Gold Mineralization. Example from the Fawakheir-Atalla Gold Prospects, Eastern Desert, Egypt
Authors: Gobashy Mohamed Mostafa , Eldougdoug Abdelmonem , Abdelwahed Mohamed , Abdelazeem Maha , Abd El-Rahman Yasser , Abdelhalim Ahmed , Said Said
Published: May 2023

Gold mineralisation is spatially and chronologically correlated with fault/shear zones in many of the world-class gold mines. Hence, the indirect exploration for Au mineralisation is linked with shearing and complex structures in many areas. Hence, in general, the need for a rapid, effective and new technology for gold exploration that reflects the structure set-up, shear zones, faults and related structural elements is crucial in the gold industry. In this article, we present an example of an integrated approach to gold exploration in the Fawakheir-Attala gold mining prospect in the eastern desert of Egypt. Remote sensing is used to test for rock differentiation; intensive field geological investigations were conducted along several traverses. Petrographic and geochemical analysis of selected samples confirmed Au content in some localities. Moreover, magnetic methods are used extensively (either aeromagnetic or measured land profiles) to investigate the magnetic signature of the different reported rock units and their relationship with gold occurrences and deposits. Normalised source strength transformation, magnitude magnetic transforms and subsurface modelling are used to explore the inherent relation between the surface and subsurface magnetic susceptibilities. The magnetic signature of the talc-carbonate rocks is determined. The gradational contact against the serpentinite is explained. Because three current Au mines are associated with contacts/fractures, the clear relation between the contacts/fractures and the magnetic data and the comparison with the contact occurrence density COD (heat) magnetic filtered map, the present analysis workflow can now be used to suggest new locations for Au occurrences.
Sex disparities in adverse outcomes after surgically managed isolated traumatic spinal injury
Authors: Mohammad Ismail Ahmad , Forssten Maximilian Peter , Sarani Babak , Ribeiro Marcelo A. F. , Chang Parker , Cao Yang , Hildebrand Frank , Mohseni Shahin
Published: May 2023

Background

Traumatic spinal injury (TSI) encompasses a wide range of injuries affecting the spinal cord, nerve roots, bones, and soft tissues that result in pain, impaired mobility, paralysis, and death. There is some evidence suggesting that women may have different physiological responses to traumatic injury compared to men; therefore, this study aimed to investigate if there are any associations between sex and adverse outcomes following surgically managed isolated TSI.

Methods

Using the 2013–2019 TQIP database, all adult patients with isolated TSI, defined as a spine AIS ≥ 2 with an AIS ≤ 1 in all other body regions, resulting from blunt force trauma requiring spinal surgery, were eligible for inclusion in the study. The association between the sex and in-hospital mortality as well as cardiopulmonary and venothromboembolic complications was determined by calculating the risk ratio (RR) after adjusting for potential confounding using inverse probability weighting.

Results

A total of 43,756 patients were included. After adjusting for potential confounders, female sex was associated with a 37% lower risk of in-hospital mortality [adjusted RR (95% CI): 0.63 (0.57–0.69), p < 0.001], a 27% lower risk of myocardial infarction [adjusted RR (95% CI): 0.73 (0.56–0.95), p = 0.021], a 37% lower risk of cardiac arrest [adjusted RR (95% CI): 0.63 (0.55–0.72), p < 0.001], a 34% lower risk of deep vein thrombosis [adjusted RR (95% CI): 0.66 (0.59–0.74), p < 0.001], a 45% lower risk of pulmonary embolism [adjusted RR (95% CI): 0.55 (0.46–0.65), p < 0.001], a 36% lower risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome [adjusted RR (95% CI): 0.64 (0.54–0.76), p < 0.001], a 34% lower risk of pneumonia [adjusted RR (95% CI): 0.66 (0.60–0.72), p < 0.001], and a 22% lower risk of surgical site infection [adjusted RR (95% CI): 0.78 (0.62–0.98), p < 0.032], compared to male sex.

Conclusion

Female sex is associated with a significantly decreased risk of in-hospital mortality as well as cardiopulmonary and venothromboembolic complications following surgical management of traumatic spinal injuries. Further studies are needed to elucidate the cause of these differences.
Comparison of neuroimaging features of histiocytic neoplasms with central nervous system involvement: a retrospective study of 121 adult patients
Authors: Fan Xiaoyuan , Liu Ting , Zhang Zhiwen , Sun Jian , Niu Na , Mao Chenhui , Wang Fengdan , Li Jian , Zhou Daobin , Cao Xinxin , Jin Zhengyu , Feng Feng
Published: May 2023

Objectives

To compare neuroimaging characteristics of three types of histiocytoses, namely Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD), and Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD), with central nervous system (CNS) involvement.

Methods

A total of 121 adult patients with histiocytoses (77 LCH, 37 ECD, and 7 RDD) and CNS involvement were retrospectively included. Histiocytoses were diagnosed based on histopathological findings combined with suggestive clinical and imaging features. Brain and dedicated pituitary MRIs were systematically analyzed for tumorous, vascular, degenerative lesions, sinus, and orbital involvement and for hypothalamic pituitary axis involvement.

Results

Endocrine disorders, including diabetes insipidus and central hypogonadism, were more common in LCH patients than in ECD and RDD patients (p < 0.001). In LCH, tumorous lesions were mostly solitary (85.7%), located in the hypothalamic pituitary region (92.9%), and without peritumoral edema (92.9%), while in ECD and RDD, tumorous lesions were often multiple (ECD: 81.3%, RDD: 85.7%), their distribution was more widespread with meninges mostly involved (ECD: 75%, RDD: 71.4%), and they most likely presented with peritumoral edema (ECD: 50%, RDD: 57.1%; all p ≤ 0.020). Vascular involvement was an exclusive imaging characteristic of ECD (17.2%), which was not observed in LCH or RDD; this was also associated with a higher risk of death (p = 0.013, hazard ratio = 11.09).

Conclusion

The typical characteristic of adult CNS-LCH was endocrine disorders with radiological findings limited to the hypothalamic pituitary axis. The pattern of multiple tumorous lesions with predominant involvement of meninges was the main manifestation of CNS-ECD and CNS-RDD, while vascular involvement was pathognomonic for ECD and associated with poor prognosis.

Clinical relevance statement

Involvement of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis is the typical imaging characteristic of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Multiple tumorous lesions, predominantly involving but not limited to meninges, occur in most Erdheim-Chester disease and Rosai-Dorfman disease patients. Vascular involvement occurs only in Erdheim-Chester disease patients.

Key Points

• The different distribution patterns of brain tumorous lesions can help differentiate among LCH, ECD, and RDD.

• Vascular involvement was an exclusive imaging finding of ECD and was associated with high mortality.

• Some cases with atypical imaging manifestations were reported to further expand the knowledge on these diseases.
Fat enhanced leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin versus fascia lata in endoscopic reconstruction of CSF leaks
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed Aly , Yoneis Ahmed , Elsakka Ahmed , Elwany Samy
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study was to use a new biological active fat enhanced leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin membrane (L-PRF) for skull base defect reconstruction and compare its validity and reliability with the time-honored fascia lata.

Methods

This prospective study was conducted on 48 patients with spontaneous CSF leaks who were divided into 2 matched groups by stratified randomization, 24 patients in each group. In group A we performed multilayer repair using fat enhanced L-PRF membrane. In group B we used fascia lata for the multilayer repair. In both groups we enforced the repair with mucosal grafts/flaps.

Results

The two groups were statistically matched for age, sex, intracranial pressure, and site and size of the skull base defect. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the outcome of the repair or recurrence of CSF leak during the first postoperative year. Meningitis occurred in one patient in group B and was successfully treated. Another patient in group B developed thigh hematoma which resolved spontaneously.

Conclusion

The fat enhanced L-PRF membrane is a valid reliable option in repair of CSF leaks. The membrane is autologous, readily available, easily prepared, and has the advange of including stromal fat, stromal vascular fraction (SVF), and leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF). The present study showed that fat enhanced L-PRF membrane is stable, non-absorbable, not liable to shrink or become necrotic, and can establish good seal of the skull base defect and further enhance the healing process. The use of the membrane also has the advantage of avoiding thigh incision and possible hematoma formation.
Using qPCR and microscopy to assess the impact of harvesting and weather conditions on the relationship between Alternaria alternata and Alternaria spp. spores in rural and urban atmospheres
Authors: Apangu Godfrey Philliam , Frisk Carl Alexander , Adams-Groom Beverley , Petch Geoffrey M. , Hanson Mary , Skjøth Carsten Ambelas
Published: May 2023

Alternaria is a plant pathogen and human allergen. Alternaria alternata is one of the most abundant fungal spores in the air. The purpose of this study was to examine whether Alternaria spp. spore concentrations can be used to predict the abundance and spatio-temporal pattern of A. alternata spores in the air. This was investigated by testing the hypothesis that A. alternata dominates airborne Alternaria spp. spores and varies spatio-temporally. Secondarily, we aimed at investigating the relationship between airborne Alternaria spp. spores and the DNA profile of A. alternata spores between two proximate (~ 7 km apart) sites. These were examined by sampling Alternaria spp. spores using Burkard 7-day and cyclone samplers for the period 2016–2018 at Worcester and Lakeside campuses of the University of Worcester, UK. Daily Alternaria spp. spores from the Burkard traps were identified using optical microscopy whilst A. alternata from the cyclone samples was detected and quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results showed that either A. alternata or other Alternaria species spores dominate the airborne Alternaria spore concentrations, generally depending on weather conditions. Furthermore, although Alternaria spp. spore concentrations were similar for the two proximate sites, A. alternata spore concentrations significantly varied for those sites and it is highly likely that the airborne samples contained large amounts of small fragments of A. alternata. Overall, the study shows that there is a higher abundance of airborne Alternaria allergen than reported by aerobiological networks and the majority is likely to be from spore and hyphal fragments.
Auditory feedback in tele-rehabilitation based on automated gait classification
Authors: de Jesus Oliveira Victor Adriel , Slijepčević Djordje , Dumphart Bernhard , Ferstl Stefan , Reis Joschua , Raberger Anna-Maria , Heller Mario , Horsak Brian , Iber Michael
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we describe a proof-of-concept for the implementation of a wearable auditory biofeedback system based on a sensor-instrumented insole. Such a system aims to assist everyday users with static and dynamic exercises for gait rehabilitation interventions by providing auditory feedback based on plantar pressure distribution and automated classification of functional gait disorders. As ground reaction force (GRF) data are frequently used in clinical practice to quantitatively describe human motion and have been successfully used for the classification of gait patterns into clinically relevant classes, a feed-forward neural network was implemented on the firmware of the insoles to estimate the GRFs using pressure and acceleration data. The estimated GRFs approximated well the GRF measurements obtained from force plates. To distinguish between physiological gait and gait disorders, we trained and evaluated a support vector machine with labeled data from a publicly accessible dataset. The automated gait classification was then sonified for auditory feedback. The potential of the implemented auditory feedback for preventive and supportive applications in physical therapy was finally assessed with both expert and non-expert participants. A focus group revealed experts’ expectations for the proposed system, while a usability study assessed the clarity of the auditory feedback to everyday users. The evaluation shows promising results regarding the usefulness of our system in this application area.
Topological electronics: from infinity to six
Authors: Wang Frank Z.
Published: May 2023

Topology captures the essence of what remains unchanged under a transformation. This study was motivated by a newly found topological invariant called super conformality that leads to local activity of a higher-integral-order electric element. As a result, the traditional periodic table of the electric elements can be dramatically reduced to have only six passive ones (resistor, inductor, capacitor, memristor, meminductor, and memcapacitor), in contrast to the unbounded table predicted 40 years ago. Our claim was experimentally verified by the fact that the two higher-integral-order memristors in the famous Hodgkin–Huxley circuit are locally active with an internal battery.
Recent Research Progress of RGD Peptide–Modified Nanodrug Delivery Systems in Tumor Therapy
Authors: Yin Liyan , Li Xingchen , Wang Rongrong , Zeng Yiying , Zeng Zhaowu , Xie Tian
Published: May 2023

There have been great advancements in targeted nanodrug delivery systems for tumor therapy. Liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles are commonly employed as nanocarriers for drug delivery, and it has been found that arginine glycine aspartic acid (RGD) peptides and their derivatives can be used as ligands of integrin receptors to enhance the direct targeting ability. In this paper, we review the recent applications of RGD-modified liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic nanocarriers in cancer diagnosis and treatment, discuss the current challenges and prospects, and examine the progress made by the latest research on RGD peptide–modified nano delivery systems in cancer therapy. In recent years, RGD peptide–modified nanodrug delivery systems have been proven to have great potential in tumor therapy. Finally, we provide an overview of the current limitations and future directions of RGD peptide–modified nano-drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. This review aims to elucidate the contribution of RGD peptide–modified nanodrug delivery systems in the field of tumor therapy.
Solving larger maximum clique problems using parallel quantum annealing
Authors: Pelofske Elijah , Hahn Georg , Djidjev Hristo N.
Published: May 2023

Quantum annealing has the potential to find low energy solutions of NP-hard problems that can be expressed as quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problems. However, the hardware of the quantum annealer manufactured by D-Wave Systems, which we consider in this work, is sparsely connected and moderately sized (on the order of thousands of qubits), thus necessitating a minor-embedding of a logical problem onto the physical qubit hardware. The combination of relatively small hardware sizes and the necessity of a minor-embedding can mean that solving large optimization problems is not possible on current quantum annealers. In this research, we show that a hybrid approach combining parallel quantum annealing with graph decomposition allows one to solve larger optimization problem accurately. We apply the approach to the Maximum Clique problem on graphs with up to 120 nodes and 6395 edges.
Between Science, Movement, and Democracy: Scientists for Future in the Politics–Society Interface
Authors: Herzog Laura , Lenschow Andrea , Pollex Jan
Published: May 2023

In the midst of the recent wave of climate activism, a group of scientists formed the initiative Scientists for Future (S4F) to support the Fridays for Future movement and emphasise the scientific evidence their activism is based on. While scientists have participated in policymaking by taking roles as advisers to policymakers in the past, forming a social movement is an unprecedented form of communicating scientific evidence. In this contribution, we assume that the S4F initiative aims to voice dissatisfaction both with prevalent decision-making processes and with the substance of these decisions. Using novel data from a survey conducted among members of this movement in the summer of 2021, we investigated their motivations and perspectives on the role of scientists in democratic processes and their attitudes about a reformist or more radical pathway towards a climate-neutral society and sustainable development. Our analysis shows that the majority of S4F members support democratic reforms rather than fundamental systemic change. Furthermore, most respondents show signs of a conviction that scientific expertise should take a superior role in climate policy rather than make room for wide participatory practices. Overall, the S4F is aimed at the diversification of political arenas to raise the impact of scientific knowledge in environmental and climate policymaking.
Ambulatory short-term mechanical circulatory support: facilitates recovery and prepares patients for definitive therapy
Authors: Raman Jaishankar , Saxena Pankaj
Published: May 2023

Short-term mechanical circulatory support (ST-MCS) devices have been traditionally deployed in patients with cardiogenic shock, advanced heart failure, cardiovascular collapse, and cardiorespiratory failure. Limitations of the mechanical support devices are typically related to mobility of the patient since the access is frequently through femoral vasculature. This limits the time the patient can be supported by mechanical circulatory support (MCS). We describe deployment of ST-MCS using alternate access such as the subclavian/axillary artery that facilitates ambulation of the patient. These include the deployment of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) through the subclavian artery, Impella pump through the axillary/subclavian artery, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) using the subclavian artery and jugular vein.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Theory and Practice of Connectivity in the Indo-Pacific—Spheres, Logics, and Regional Dynamics
Authors: Gaens Bart , Sinkkonen Ville , Ruokamo Anu
Published: May 2023

This short introduction to the Special Issue entitled “Theory and Practice of Connectivity in the Indo-Pacific – Spheres, Logics, and Regional Dynamics” serves four objectives. It first briefly outlines the rationale for theoretical and empirical engagement with the concept of connectivity, which has become a ubiquitous term in the policy parlance of key global actors in recent years. The introduction then provides a short leader on the connectivity initiatives of key players, specifically China, the USA, Japan, the European Union, and Russia, with a particular focus on the Indo-Pacific space. Third, the seven articles that comprise the Special Issue are summarised. The contributions include a theoretically and conceptually oriented lead article, which introduces an analytical framework for the study of connectivity, and six more empirically motivated contributions that draw upon the said framework. Finally, key takeaways arising from the articles with respect to a broader research agenda on connectivity are discussed.
Towards a seamless data cycle for space components: considerations from the growing European future digital ecosystem Gaia-X
Authors: Seidel A. , Wenzel K. , Hänel A. , Teicher U. , Weiß A. , Schäfer U. , Ihlenfeldt S. , Eisenmann H. , Ernst H.
Published: May 2023

ESA’s Design 2 produces cross-cutting initiative includes digitalisation, process automation, interoperability, and harnessing smart embedded sensors to achieve a seamless data cycle (SDC). The SDC in digital engineering covers requirements and design, production, assembly, integration, and testing as well as in-flight operations including recycling. Nevertheless, central data and legal challenges lie in the joint research addressed Europe-wide (geo-return) and the partner network constraints covering agency, large system integrator (LSI), research and development (R&D), and high-tech SME interests. Either way, a legal enabler for digitization of the European space business can be seen in ESA's strict compliance policy with regard to the acceptance of their general terms and conditions. In fact, it is reasonable to assume that ESA declares data to be a common deliverable in the future and that the contractors accept this too. However, there are technical challenges like portability, interoperability, interconnectivity, and the need for a federated infrastructure, while all these aspects have to be solved across company and national borders. The European Gaia-X project tackles the aforementioned challenges while targeting an open, transparent, and secure digital ecosystem in which data are stored, processed, and used while retaining data sovereignty. This paper deepens these framework conditions, addresses them from the perspective of real space applications, and presents key opportunities and challenges at the implementation level. Moreover, it shows how the seamless data cycle contributes to increase freedom of design, improve overall performance, and reduce cost and lead time from concept to manufacturing while creating new high-performance space products.
Fibonacci wavelets operational matrix approach for solving chemistry problems
Authors: Manohara G. , Kumbinarasaiah S.
Published: May 2023

The key idea and contribution of this study are to present the innovative functional matrix approach for solving the two chemical, mathematical problems such as the absorption of $$C{O}_{2}$$

C

O
2

into phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE) and the chemical kinetic problem. These chemical problems are characterized as a system of nonlinear ODEs with initial and boundary conditions. Numerical outcomes are obtained to establish the simplicity and efficacy of the developed scheme. Graphs and tables show how consistently and effectively the developed strategy works. Results obtained show that the newly adopted technique is more precise and effective than other methods such as Adam–Bashforth–Moultan method (ABM), Runge–Kutta method (RK4), Adomian Decomposition method (ADM), and residual method (RM). Mathematical software called Mathematica 11.3 has been used to perform all calculations. Theorems explain the convergence of this approach.