#205 Features of chronic kidney disease in patients with obesity and arterial hypertension
Authors: Rasulev Yorkin , Daminov Botir , Ernazarova Mohitabon 
Published: May 2024

Background and Aims

to assess the indicators of composite body composition in patients with obesity and chronic kidney disease with arterial hypertension.

Method

59 patients with obesity and arterial hypertension were examined. When selecting patients, inclusion criteria were taken into account: men and women aged 25 to 55 years, obesity (BMI more than 30 kg/m²; waist circumference (WC) more than 80 cm in women and more than 94 cm in men), presence of hypertension I– Stage II, grade 1–2, absence of renal pathology (history of kidney disease, structural changes in the parenchyma and vessels of the kidneys during ultrasound examination, changes in urinary sediment and urine density, proteinuria, decreased GFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m² ), signed informed consent. Metabolically complicated obesity was defined as the presence of abdominal obesity, a BMI of more than 30 kg/m2 in combination with hypertension and ≥ 2 cardiometabolic abnormalities. A metabolically healthy obesity phenotype was considered to be the presence of obesity without hypertension, dyslipidemia, or hyperglycemia. The results obtained during the study were compared with the indicators of a control group formed from 30 practically healthy individuals aged 25–55 years without obesity or overweight. Differences in age, gender, duration of hypertension and obesity were not established.

Metabolic activity of adipose tissue was assessed by the level of leptin, soluble leptin receptors (sLR), adiponectin, resistin, free leptin index (FLI), leptin/adiponectin index (L/A). Renal function: GFR (CKD EPI and Hoek), serum and urine cystatin C, albuminuria. The composite composition of the body was studied using bioimpedance analysis using an ABC-01 Medass analyzer of body composition and balance of water sectors of the body.

Results

In a comparative analysis of the parameters of the composite body composition in the obese groups, the highest values ​​of fat mass (42.8 ± 6.8 and 35 ± 4.2 kg) and total fluid (40.2 ± 5.0 and 36.0 ± 2.8 kg) with a reduced proportion of 17 active cell mass (ACM) (53.0 ± 3.2 and 56.1 ± 3.4%) were detected in patients with complicated obesity (p &lt; 0.05). Regardless of the obesity phenotype, correlations were established: between the level of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and the volume of total (r1 = 0.42; r2 = 0.52) and extracellular fluid (r1 = 0.50; r2 = 0.60); level of DBP and urinary excretion of cystatin C (r1 = 0.51; r2 = 0.61) (p &lt; 0.01). A decrease in the proportion of ACM in obese groups was associated with an increase in resistin levels (r1 = −0.56; r2 = −0.31). In obese groups, regardless of phenotype, fat mass was associated with leptin levels (r1 = 0.52; r2 = 0.42) and free leptin index (FLI) (r1 = 0.75; r2 = 0.46 ) (p &lt; 0.05). In group 1, a positive correlation was additionally established for the volume of fat mass with systolic blood pressure (SBP) (r1 = 0.70) and DBP (r1 = 0.65), with the level of uric acid (r1 = 0.57), cholesterol LDL (r1 = 0.52), cystatin C in urine (r1 = 0.75) and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (r1 = 0.65) (p &lt; 0.01).

Conclusion

Body mass index does not determine the obesity phenotype. In patients with complicated obesity, the proportion of fat mass is higher than in metabolically healthy obesity and is associated with increased levels of glucose and uric acid. All obese patients are characterized by an increase in the percentage of total and extracellular fluid, associated with the level of blood pressure and urinary excretion of markers of tubular dysfunction.