bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on joint stiffness with vision-based system and geometric imperfections of temporary member structure
Authors: LIU Cong , HE Lin , WU Zhenyu , YUAN Jian
Published: March 2018

In this paper, tests of plug-pin joints are conducted in order to obtain their mechanical parameters, including semi-rigid property. To solve the difficulties of multi-point displacement measurements for small joints, this investigation proposes a vision-based measurement system based on the principle of binocular stereo vision to improve measurement accuracy. Accurate sub-pixel location is achieved according to a template-matching algorithm based on grayscale. Joint performance, including horizontal bar joint tension and compression, semi-rigidity between horizontal bars and upright rods and bracing tension and compression, is investigated in order to acquire joint failure modes as well as load and displacement (or moment and rotation angle) curves. Through data fitting, multi-linear simplified models are proposed to illustrate the joints’ mechanical performance. This paper also investigates geometric imperfection of temporary member structure with plug-pin joints based on several substructure models and temporary grandstand units using a total station theodolite. The probabilistic models of initial member out-of-straightness and story frame out-of-plumb have been acquired, which can be used into Monte Carlo simulation to create stochastic model of the temporary member structure.
Ages and Heavy Element Abundances from Very Metal-poor Stars in the Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy*
Authors: Hansen Camilla Juul , El-Souri Mariam , Monaco Lorenzo , Villanova Sandro , Bonifacio Piercarlo , Caffau Elisabetta , Sbordone Luca
Published: March 2018

Sagittarius (Sgr) is a massive disrupted dwarf spheroidal galaxy in the Milky Way halo that has undergone several stripping events. Previous chemical studies were restricted mainly to a few, metal-rich ([Fe/H] 

) stars that suggested a top-light initial mass function (IMF). Here we present the first high-resolution, very metal-poor ([Fe/H] =−1 to −3) sample of 13 giant stars in the main body of Sgr. We derive abundances of 13 elements, namely C, Ca, Co, Fe, Sr, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Eu, Dy, Pb, and Th, that challenge the interpretation based on previous studies. Our abundances from Sgr mimic those of the metal-poor halo, and our most metal-poor star ([Fe/H] 

) indicates a pure r-process pollution. Abundances of Sr, Pb, and Th are presented for the first time in Sgr, allowing for age determination using nuclear cosmochronology. We calculate ages of

. Most of the sample stars have been enriched by a range of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars with masses between 1.3 and 5 M
⊙. Sgr J190651.47–320147.23 shows a large overabundance of Pb (2.05 dex) and a peculiar abundance pattern best fit by a 3 M
⊙ AGB star. Based on star-to-star scatter and observed abundance patterns, a mixture of low- and high-mass AGB stars and supernovae (15–25 M
⊙) is necessary to explain these patterns. The high level (0.29 ± 0.05 dex) of Ca indicates that massive supernovae must have existed and polluted the early ISM of Sgr before it lost its gas. This result is in contrast with a top-light IMF with no massive stars polluting Sgr.
On Presolar Stardust Grains from CO Classical Novae
Authors: Iliadis Christian , Downen Lori N. , José Jordi , Nittler Larry R. , Starrfield Sumner
Published: March 2018

About 30%–40% of classical novae produce dust 20–100 days after the outburst, but no presolar stardust grains from classical novae have been unambiguously identified yet. Although several studies claimed a nova paternity for certain grains, the measured and simulated isotopic ratios could only be reconciled, assuming that the grains condensed after the nova ejecta mixed with a much larger amount of close-to-solar matter. However, the source and mechanism of this potential post-explosion dilution of the ejecta remains a mystery. A major problem with previous studies is the small number of simulations performed and the implied poor exploration of the large nova parameter space. We report the results of a different strategy, based on a Monte Carlo technique, that involves the random sampling over the most important nova model parameters: the white dwarf composition; the mixing of the outer white dwarf layers with the accreted material before the explosion; the peak temperature and density; the explosion timescales; and the possible dilution of the ejecta after the outburst. We discuss and take into account the systematic uncertainties for both the presolar grain measurements and the simulation results. Only those simulations that are consistent with all measured isotopic ratios of a given grain are accepted for further analysis. We also present the numerical results of the model parameters. We identify 18 presolar grains with measured isotopic signatures consistent with a CO nova origin, without assuming any dilution of the ejecta. Among these, the grains G270_2, M11-334-2, G278, M11-347-4, M11-151-4, and Ag2_6 have the highest probability of a CO nova paternity.
The Roles of Fluid Compression and Shear in Electron Energization during Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Li Xiaocan , Guo Fan , Li Hui , Birn Joachim
Published: March 2018

Particle acceleration in space and astrophysical reconnection sites is an important unsolved problem in studies of magnetic reconnection. Earlier kinetic simulations have identified several acceleration mechanisms that are associated with particle drift motions. Here, we show that, for sufficiently large systems, the energization processes due to particle drift motions can be described as fluid compression and shear, and that the shear energization is proportional to the pressure anisotropy of energetic particles. By analyzing results from fully kinetic simulations, we show that the compression energization dominates the acceleration of high-energy particles in reconnection with a weak guide field, and the compression and shear effects are comparable when the guide field is 50% of the reconnecting component. Spatial distributions of those energization effects reveal that reconnection exhausts, contracting islands, and island-merging regions are the three most important regions for compression and shear acceleration. This study connects particle energization by particle guiding-center drift motions with that due to background fluid motions, as in the energetic particle transport theory. It provides foundations for building particle transport models for large-scale reconnection acceleration such as those in solar flares.
Is Molecular Cloud Turbulence Driven by External Supernova Explosions?
Authors: Seifried Daniel , Walch Stefanie , Haid Sebastian , Girichidis Philipp , Naab Thorsten
Published: March 2018

We present high-resolution (∼0.1 pc), hydrodynamical and magnetohydrodynamical simulations to investigate whether the observed level of molecular cloud (MC) turbulence can be generated and maintained by external supernova (SN) explosions. The MCs are formed self-consistently within their large-scale galactic environment following the non-equilibrium formation of H2 and CO, including (self-) shielding and important heating and cooling processes. The MCs inherit their initial level of turbulence from the diffuse ISM, where turbulence is injected by SN explosions. However, by systematically exploring the effect of individual SNe going off outside the clouds, we show that at later stages the importance of SN-driven turbulence is decreased significantly. This holds for different MC masses as well as for MCs with and without magnetic fields. The SN impact also decreases rapidly with larger distances. Nearby SNe (d ∼ 25 pc) boost the turbulent velocity dispersions of the MC by up to 70% (up to a few km s−1). For d > 50 pc, however, their impact decreases fast with increasing d and is almost negligible. For all probed distances the gain in velocity dispersion decays rapidly within a few 100 kyr. This is significantly shorter than the average timescale for an MC to be hit by a nearby SN under solar neighborhood conditions (∼2 Myr). Hence, at these conditions SNe are not able to sustain the observed level of MC turbulence. However, in environments with high gas surface densities and SN rates, like the Central Molecular Zone, observed elevated MC dispersions could be triggered by external SNe.
Neutron Star Natal Kick and Jets in Core Collapse Supernovae
Authors: Bear Ealeal , Soker Noam
Published: March 2018

We measure the angle between the neutron star (NS) natal kick direction and the inferred direction of jets according to the morphology of 12 core collapse supernova remnants (SNR), and find that the distribution is almost random, but missing small angles. The 12 SNRs are those for which we could both identify morphological features that we can attribute to jets and for which the direction of the NS natal kick is given in the literature. Unlike some claims for spin-kick alignment, here we rule out jet-kick alignment. We discuss the cumulative distribution function of the jet-kick angles under the assumption that dense clumps that are ejected by the explosion accelerate the NS by the gravitational attraction, and suggest that the jet feedback explosion mechanism might in principle account for the distribution of jet-kick angles.
Myasthenia Gravis and Associated Diseases
Authors: Tanovska Nikolina , Novotni Gabriela , Sazdova-Burneska Slobodanka , Kuzmanovski Igor , Boshkovski Bojan , Kondov Goran , Jovanovski-Srceva Marija , Kokareva Anita , Isjanovska Rozalinda
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease caused by the action of specific antibodies to the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction, leading to impaired neuromuscular transmission. Patients with MG have an increased incidence of other autoimmune diseases.AIM: to determine the presence of other associated diseases in patients with MG.METHOD: A group of 127 patients with MG followed in 10 years period, in which the presence of other associated diseases has been analysed.RESULTS: The sex ratio is in favour of the female sex, the average age of the initial manifestation of the disease is less than 50 years, 65.4% of the patients with MG have another disease. 15.0% patients have associated another autoimmune disease. Thyroid disease is the most common associated with MG, rarely rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases. Other diseases include hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, respiratory diseases, dyslipidemia. 10.2% of the patients are diagnosed with extrathymic tumours of various origins.CONCLUSION: Associated diseases are common in patients with MG, drawing attention to the possible common basis for their coexistence, as well as their impact on the intensity and treatment of the disease.
Diabetics Retinopathy Knowledge and Awareness Assessment among the Type 2 Diabetics
Authors: Almalki Naif R. , Almalki Turki M. , Alswat Khaled
Published: March 2018

INTRODUCTION: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. In Saudi Arabia and other Arab countries, several studies estimated the prevalence of DR ranging from 30 - 40%.AIM: To assess the DR knowledge and its association with diabetes control among Type 2 diabetic patients.METHODS: A cross-sectional study of patients with Type II diabetes (T2D) who had a routine visit to the endocrine clinic to assess the DR knowledge and its relation to the glycemic control. We used a questionnaire that was used in previously published studies, and the reliability was assessed using the alpha Cronbach coefficient. Patients who answered correctly > 60% were considered to have good knowledge about DR.RESULTS: Total of 253 patients participated, 43.4% has diabetes > 10 years and 30.7% have it for 5 - 10 years, 36.4% did college degree or higher, 40.8% considered having low income. 37.7% of participants were not screened for the DR in the past year. 28.4% of participants think that seeing optometrist is enough for DR diagnosis. Diabetics with good knowledge who have T2D > 10 years were 46.3% compared to 38.6% (p = 0.04). Diabetics with good knowledge have mean A1c of 8.55 vs. 8.59 (p = 0.32), mean BMI 30.4 vs. 30.2 (p = 0.46), mean diastolic pressure was 77.12% vs. 79.48% (p = 0.03).CONCLUSION: Almost two-thirds of screened T2D were considered to have good knowledge about DR. The good knowledge group tends to have a longer duration of T2D, more likely to have a college degree, and tend to have non -significantly better A1c control.
Acupuncture Treatment of Subfertility and Ovarian Endometrioma
Authors: Zhu Jihe , Arsovska Blagica , Sterjovska-Aleksovska Andrijana , Kozovska Kristina
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND: Ovarian endometriotic cysts, also known as ‘chocolate’ cysts or ovarian endometriomas, appear as endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity which grows inside ovaries. Endometriotic cysts can cause chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, impairment of ovarian function in regards to subfertility, etc. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is effectively treating subfertility associated with endometriosis for years, and the treatment gives positive results in achieving pregnancy. With the acupuncture treatment, blood circulation is promoted, external physical factors - eliminated, the stasis is dissolved, the menstrual cycle is regulated, and inflammation is diminished.CASE REPORT: Our treated patient is 29-year-old woman diagnosed with ovarian endometrioma, slightly - elevated prolactin levels and inability to get pregnant after trying for two years. 19 acupuncture treatments were done on the meridians of Pericardium, Spleen, Stomach, Liver, Ren Mai, Kidney, Large intestine, Du Mai and Bladder. After the acupuncture treatments, the endometrioma was decreased in size and the patient got pregnant spontaneously in a short period.CONCLUSION: Acupuncture, as part of the TCM, gives positive results and can successfully add up to variety of non - surgical infertility treatment options in women with endometrioma(s).
A new species of Cellaria (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from northeastern Brazil, with a tabular identification key to the Atlantic species
Authors: Almeida Ana C.S. , Souza Facelúcia B.C. , Vieira Leandro M.
Published: March 2018

A new species of the erect cheilostome bryozoanCellariaEllis & Solander, 1786 is described from Bahia, NE Brazil.Cellaria oraneaesp. nov. is the first formally characterized species of the genus reported from Northeastern coast of Brazil, distinguished from all congeners by the combination of hexagonal autozooids and rhomboid fertile zooids, hexagonal interzooidal avicularium with sagittate foramen, completely immersed ovicell with oval aperture and proximal rectangular lip. A brief discussion of the diversity ofCellariafrom the Atlantic Ocean and a tabular identification key to these species are also provided.
Thermal biology of Amphisbaena munoai (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae)
Authors: Matias Nathalia Rocha , Verrastro Laura
Published: March 2018

Studies on the thermal biology of fossorial reptiles that examine the relationship between the body temperature and thermal environment are needed to determine the extent of their thermoregulation abilities. This study assessed the thermal biology of Amphisbaena munoai Klappenbach, 1969 in the rocky fields of the Rio Grande do Sul and in the laboratory. The body temperature of most individuals was between 24 and 30 °C, both in the field (n = 81) and laboratory (n = 19). More individuals were caught in winter (n = 55) and spring (n = 60) than in summer (n = 25) and fall (n = 45), and in spring, individuals showed similar nocturnal and diurnal activities. In the laboratory, we found individuals with body temperatures up to 5 °C higher than the ambient temperature (n = 4), suggesting that some physiological mechanisms participate in the thermoregulation of these animals. Amphisbaena munoai is a thigmothermic species that is capable of actively regulating its temperature by selecting microhabitats such that its various activities occur within an ideal temperature range. This study is the first to evaluate the effect of seasonality and diurnal and nocturnal variations on the thermoregulation of an amphisbaenid.
Mémoire collective et émotions : l’influence de l’implication personnelle. Étude sur le souvenir du meurtre de Clément Méric
Authors: Tavani Jean Louis , Collange Julie
Published: March 2018

L’objectif de cette étude est d’examiner le rôle de l’implication personnelle sur la mémoire collective, envisagée ici comme un ensemble de représentations sociales portant sur des objets du passé. Au travers du souvenir collectif du meurtre de Clément Méric, nous nous intéresserons au rôle de l’implication personnelle sur la reconstruction de ce souvenir et l’intensité émotionnelle suscitée par cet événement, et ce au travers de la polarisation affective. Les résultats montrent, tout d’abord, que plus l’implication personnelle est forte, plus l’intensité émotionnelle négative suscitée par l’événement l’est également. Ce lien est expliqué par la polarisation affective associée aux éléments socio-représentationnels. D’autre part, l’intensité émotionnelle et la polarisation affective vont organiser le champ socio-représentationnel du souvenir autour de registres évaluatif versus descriptif. L’influence de l’implication personnelle sur les processus mémoriels est discutée
Analyse de la demande en formation : structuration de l’entretien et préoccupations du formateur
Authors: Faulx Daniel , Danse Cédric
Published: March 2018

Cet article examine un acte considéré comme essentiel pour une ingénierie de formation efficace : l’analyse de la demande de formation. Il analyse plus particulièrement les préoccupations des professionnels durant cette activité ainsi que les grandes phases de ces entretiens. S’inscrivant dans le paradigme de l’action située, et plus précisément du cours d’action, cette étude offre un regard inédit sur à une pratique largement usitée par les formateurs, mais rarement abordée de manière systématique et avec l’aide des outils et des cadres théoriques de l’analyse de l’activité. Notre recherche met en œuvre une situation quasi-expérimentale en plaçant les sujets de la recherche (trois novices et trois experts) en situation d’entretien d’analyse de la demande avec un professionnel qui joue un scénario chaque fois identique, mais s’adaptant en fonction des actions et réactions des professionnels. Le processus d’analyse a été mené en deux temps. Le premier est centré sur les préoccupations des professionnels qui réalisent l’analyse de la demande, à l’aide d’un entretien d’autoconfrontation. Le second porte sur l’activité elle-même, à l’aide d’une analyse des traces vidéo de ces mêmes entretiens par notre équipe de recherche. La comparaison novice-expert est utilisée pour les deux temps de l’analyse. Les autoconfrontations ont permis de dégager les composantes hexadiques de l’activité, fondée sur l’approche de Theureau, spécifiquement huit préoccupations majeures qui constituent les sources de l’expertise en la matière. Les analyses de traces, de leur côté, montrent qu’il est possible de distinguer sept phases bien distinctes de ce type d’entretien. En croisant ces deux sources d’information et ces deux natures de résultats que sont les préoccupations des acteurs et les caractéristiques de l’activité elle-même, l’article permet de dégager une meilleure compréhension de cette activité complexe et d’envisager des pistes didactiques pour les professionnels de la formation quant à la conduite de ce type d’entretien.
Le travail par projets : quels risques psychosociaux ? Contraintes, ressources, stratégies
Authors: Heck Mickael , Faulx Daniel
Published: March 2018

Le but de cette étude est d’identifier les contraintes et ressources rencontrées associés spécifiquement au monde de travail par projet. En effet, la littérature montre que cette configuration organisationnelle est de plus en plus présente dans les organisations contemporaines (Demerouti, Bakker, Nachreiner & Schaufeli, 2001) et qu’elle pose des questions spécifiques de psychologie du travail. Fondée sur neuf études de cas, l’exploration clinique du discours des participants a, entre autres, mis en évidence des contraintes relatives à des périodes de forte charge de travail, à l’absence de vision commune du projet et des résultats, au manque de formalisation de la gestion de projet, ainsi qu’à la complexité et au manque de lisibilité des relations avec la ligne hiérarchique. En termes de ressources, les entretiens ont principalement mis en lumière la criticité de mettre en place un pilotage de projets dynamique et continu à partir de la phase « amont » du projet, ainsi que la mise en lien des acteurs-projet par la création d’espaces de coordination et de dialogue nécessaires. Mots-clés : projet, charge psychosociale, stress, ressources, management par projet
Histological and microRNA Signatures of Corneal Epithelium in Keratoconus
Authors: Wang Yu Meng , Ng Tsz Kin , Choy Kwong Wai , Wong Hoi Kin , Chu Wai Kit , Pang Chi Pui , Jhanji Vishal
Published: March 2018

PURPOSE:

To illustrate the histopathology of keratoconic corneal epithelia and its micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA) regulation.

METHODS:

Corneal epithelia were collected from 27 patients with keratoconus and 26 normal patients after surgery or by impression cytology. The miRNA profile was determined using miRNA microarray. The biological roles of miRNA target genes were delineated by gene ontology and pathway analyses. The expressions of significant miRNAs were validated using TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR), whereas protein localization and expression of the miRNA target genes were examined by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting analyses.

RESULTS:

Histological assessment showed that corneal epithelia in patients with keratoconus were thinner with loosely packed cells compared to normal patients. Microarray analysis revealed that 12 miRNAs were significantly downregulated in keratoconic corneal epithelia. Gene ontology analysis demonstrated that the predicted miRNA target genes participated in cell junction, cell division, and motor activity, whereas pathway analysis highlighted the involvement of syndecan-mediated signaling pathway. TaqMan PCR validated the altered expression of six miRNAs in corneal epithelia from surgery (
hsa-miR-151a-3p
,
hsa-miR-138-5p
,
hsa-miR-146b-5p
,
hsa-miR-194-5p
,
hsa-miR-28-5p
, and
hsa-miR-181a-2-3p
) and four miRNAs in squamous corneal epithelial samples collected from impression cytology (
hsa-miR-151a-3p
,
hsa-miR-195-5p
,
hsa-miR-185-5p
, and
hsa-miR-194-5p
). In addition, higher S100A2 expression was found in the epithelial basal cell layer of keratoconic corneal epithelia.

CONCLUSIONS:

The miRNA and histological analyses in this study demonstrated structural and biological changes in keratoconic corneal epithelia, broadening the understanding of keratoconus pathology. In addition, impression cytology is useful to collect corneal epithelial tissues for gene expression analysis.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(3):201–211.]
Progression of Keratoconus in Patients While Awaiting Corneal Cross-linking: A Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Romano Vito , Vinciguerra Riccardo , Arbabi Esmaeil M. , Hicks Nick , Rosetta Pietro , Vinciguerra Paolo , Kaye Stephen B.
Published: March 2018

PURPOSE:

To assess topographical changes in patients with keratoconus while awaiting corneal cross-linking (CXL) treatment.

METHODS:

In this prospective, double-center, observational clinical study, patients with keratoconus were enrolled. Progression was defined as a change in the curvature within the cone area of at least 1.00 diopter (D) on tangential map and a thinning of 20
μ
m at the thinnest point after measurements taken at least 3 months apart. Morphological parameters were assessed at baseline (day of listing for CXL) and on the day of CXL treatment, including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, keratometry (maximum, minimum, and mean), and thinnest corneal thickness using corneal tomography (Pentacam; Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany).

RESULTS:

One hundred four eyes of 104 patients were included. The waiting time was 84.8 ± 62.9 days. Twenty-five percent of patients showed evidence of progression while waiting for treatment. Patients who progressed while waiting for treatment were younger (22.2 ± 6.79 years) compared to those who did not show evidence of progression (25.4 ± 5.62 years) (
P
= .02). Stratification by age groups showed a significant worsening of maximum keratometry of 1.18 ± 1.37 D in patients younger than 18 years compared to those 18 to 26 years of age and those older than 26 years (
P
= .002 and .042, respectively). The multivariate model confirmed that the progression steepening of the maximum keratometry while waiting for treatment was associated with age (
P
= .028).

CONCLUSIONS:

The results suggest that stratification of waiting time according to the patient's age is required to reduce the risk of further progression of keratoconus.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(3):177–180.]
Predictability of Tunnel Depth for Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments Implantation Between Manual and Femtosecond Laser Techniques
Authors: Monteiro Tiago , Alfonso José F. , Franqueira Nuno , Faria-Correia Fernando , Ambrósio Renato , Madrid-Costa David
Published: March 2018

PURPOSE:

To compare the predictability of intrastromal tunnel depth creation for intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) implantation between manual dissection and femtosecond laser using a high-resolution anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

METHODS:

This multicenter study included patients with keratoconus who had Ferrara-type ICRS implantation at Hospital de Braga using manual dissection and at the Fernandez-Vega Ophthalmological Institute using the femtosecond laser technique. The intended depth of implantation was compared to the achieved postoperative ICRS depth of each case, measured using a swept-source AS-OCT (CASIA SS-1000; Tomey Corporation, Nagoya, Japan) at three points (proximal, central, and distal end of the implant).

RESULTS:

The study included 105 eyes in the manual group and 53 eyes in the femtosecond laser group. The differences of the intended versus the achieved depth were statistically higher in the manual group for all positions measured (Wilcoxon ranked-sum,
P
< .001). In the manual group, there were significant differences between the mean values of intended and achieved depth after surgery for the three locations measured (Wilcoxon signed-rank,
P
< .05), whereas there were no significant differences in the femtosecond laser group. In the manual group, the proximal part of the stromal tunnel was significantly shallower (−40.87 ± 69.03
μ
m) than the central (−25.54 ± 71.00
μ
m) and distal (−26.52 ± 73.22
μ
m) parts (Friedman test,
P
< .05).

CONCLUSIONS:

ICRS implantation assisted by a femtosecond laser provides a more precise procedure considering dissection depth when compared with the manual dissection technique. Such an advantage may provide more predictable clinical results and safer procedures with the femtosecond laser.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(3):188–194.]
Evaluation of the Accuracy of Two Marking Methods and the Novel toriCAM Application for Toric Intraocular Lens Alignment
Authors: Pallas Andreas , Yeo Tun Kuan , Trevenen Michelle , Barrett Graham
Published: March 2018

PURPOSE:

To compare the accuracy of two common reference marking methods for toric intraocular lens alignment before and after using the novel toriCAM application.

METHODS:

In this prospective, randomized study, 22 participants were randomly allocated to two groups, either freehand or slit-lamp–assisted marking. Corneal markings at 0° and 180° were made using either method. The toriCAM application on a smartphone was then used to assess the rotational alignment of these markings and compared to the actual alignment as measured by the Zaldivar calipers on the iTrace Topographer (Tracey Technologies, Houston, TX) as a reference. The errors in marking with and without using the application were analyzed for all patients in each cohort and determined for each marking method.

RESULTS:

Twenty eyes of 11 patients were marked using the freehand method and 20 eyes of the other 11 patients were marked using the slit-lamp method. The mean absolute error of all markings before toriCAM adjustment was 3.18° ± 2.22°. This was significantly reduced to 1.28° ± 1.34° after using the application (
P
< .001). This improvement was also noted separately in the freehand and slit-lamp groups. Comparison of the freehand and slit-lamp methods did not show any statistically significant difference in accuracy at both time points.

CONCLUSIONS:

The novel toriCAM application is able to significantly improve the accuracy of reference marking for both freehand and slit-lamp methods.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(3):150–155.]
The Calanques National Park, between environmental effort and urban effort
Authors: Claeys Cécilia , Hérat Arlette , Barthélémy Carole , Deldrève Valérie
Published: March 2018

Since 2008, our research has involved sociological monitoring of the political construction of the Calanques National Park, its social uses and the environmental controversy that has arisen. We have addressed these issues in the context of their interaction with urban policies. This article analyses the interactions between the Calanques National Park and the city of Marseille through the analytical framework of environmental effort. Environmental effort can be defined as the socially differentiated and potentially unequal contribution of social actors to public environmental protection policies. First, we show how the territorial make-up of Marseille has always involved a great deal of crossover between the city, the countryside and nature. Second, we examine the boundaries between the city and nature today, a result of convergence between a prevailing naturalist vision that dominated the creation of the Calanques National Park and the city’s urbanism strategy. Third, we show how the environmental effort required of the population in some districts to protect the Calanques in the context of park policy is compounded by an additional urban environmental effort required of inhabitants to support the transformations imposed on their immediate environment.
From ‘Revolutionary’ to Contested Park. Mobilization and Conflicts in the Recategorization Process of the Nevado de Toluca National Park (Mexico)
Authors: Héritier Stéphane , Lebreton Clotilde
Published: March 2018

A governmental project intending to downgrade a National Park into an Area of Protection of Flora and Fauna has encountered both scientific and legal opposition. During this recategorization period, participation has become a major issue mobilizing various groups of interest related to the Nevado de Toluca. These groups include agrarian communities living within the park and others, living in neighboring urban areas, who value the park for its material resources and its biodiversity. This paper will analyze the way this change of category has engaged territorial actors to use participation procedures to gain power over decision-making regarding the future of the protected area. In exploiting the possibilities of the law and regaining legitimacy, local communities have been able to partially redesign actors’ relationships and to regain a central actor status, leading to a renewed governance system.
Introduction
Authors: Fourault-Cauët Véronique
Published: March 2018

This introduction focuses on the main directions explored in this issue. Urban protected areas appear to be more and more frequent spatial configurations that reveal the limits of the traditional nature/culture partition. The different field cases also reveal the lack of urban governance about socio-ecological issues of these urban parks, underlined by their multiple and changing statuses. Although protected areas appear to be a useful tool to affirm their metropolitan rank, many cities fail to manage the conflicts generated by the exclusion processes caused by these parks; reversely, urban parks often make urban social injustice more visible.
Réponse de quatre variétés de Anacardium occidentale L. aux techniques de greffage horticole en pépinière
Authors: Mamoudou Abdoul Touré , Elhadji Faye , Ramatoulaye Goudiaby
Published: March 2018

La production de noix de Anacardium occidentale L. au Sénégal est faible et de qualité médiocre par rapport à ses concurrents directs (Guinée Bissau, Côte d’Ivoire, etc.). Cette situation s’explique par l’absence d’utilisation de variétés sélectionnées et améliorées, le vieillissement des plantations, le manque de formation des producteurs entre autres. Peu d’études ont été effectuées sur le greffage de l’espèce en utilisant différents morphotypes et techniques de greffage. L’objectif de l’étude était de contribuer à améliorer la multiplication efficace des meilleures variétés de Anacardium occidentale L. Pour ce faire, un test de greffage du matériel juvénile et adulte en utilisant quatre (4) porte-greffes correspondant aux « variétés » de Anacardium occidentale L. Costa Rica, Henry, James et Bénin jaune et deux techniques de greffage (fente terminale et anglaise simple) a été réalisé. Les résultats obtenus montrent que le taux de survie des greffons juvéniles a atteint 95,83 % indifféremment de la technique de greffage. Le taux de survie a été aussi fonction de la technique de greffage (p < 0,001) et du type de greffons (p < 0,001). Les variétés porte-greffes n’ont pas d’influence sur le taux de survie (p = 0,49) des greffons et sur les techniques de greffage (p = 0,07). La croissance en hauteur, le nombre de feuilles et le nombre de bourgeons des plants de Anacardium occidentale L. sont plus élevés avec les plants juvéniles qu’avec les plants adultes.
Two new species of fossil Eomerope (Mecoptera: Eomeropidae) from the Ypresian Okanagan Highlands, far-western North America, and Eocene Holarctic dispersal of the genus
Authors: Archibald S. Bruce , Rasnitsyn Alexandr P.
Published: March 2018

Two new species of Eocene Eomerope Cockerell (Mecoptera: Eomeropidae) are described from the Ypresian Okanagan Highlands deposits of British Columbia, Canada: Eomerope simpkinsaenew species from the Allenby Formation near the town of Princeton, and Eomerope eonearcticanew species from the McAbee locality near the towns of Cache Creek and Ashcroft. Eomerope eonearctica is very close to the coeval Eomerope asiatica Ponomarenko from Primorskiy Kray in Pacific-coastal Russia, consistent with Eocene intercontinental dispersal, which is well documented in numerous plant and animal taxa.
Air in the Left Ventricle
Authors: De Aniruddha
Published: March 2018

A 79-year-old man was admitted with diagnosis of septicemia. During his week-long stay in the hospital, he was treated with parenteral antibiotics and other supportive care with which he improved clinically and was to be discharged. However, he developed acute onset breathlessness followed by hemodynamic collapse and cardiorespiratory arrest. Cardio pulmonary resuscitation was initiated, and he was successfully resuscitated. Urgent bedside echocardiography revealed air in the left atrium (LA) and left ventricle. Color Doppler and contrast echocardiography failed to demonstrate any intracardiac or pulmonary arteriovenous shunt. Central venous (CV) line was removed just before discharge and the procedure was performed at siting posture probably with open hub of CV catheter. Hence, we assume large amount of air must have been entered into the venous circulation and passed across the pulmonary capillary bed into the left heart. Paradoxical air embolism to LA and ventricle is well known, where air enters into the venous circulation at a very rapid rate and exceeds the maximum volume of air that the pulmonary vasculature can filter.
Giant Left Atrium in Mitral Stenosis
Authors: Bhat Showkat , Sharma Ambika , Kumar Raj , Mehrotra Rahul
Published: March 2018

A 44-year-old male patient presented with breathlessness on exertion but no compressive symptoms. Transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography revealed a giant left atrium (LA) with severe mitral stenosis (MS) and mild mitral regurgitation (LA size 8.9 cm; LA volume 1133 ml). Giant LA has been variably described in literature, but there is no definition based on LA volume. A giant LA is rarely seen with MS.
An Unusual Complication of Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defect with Infective Endocarditis: Vegetations Obstructing Right Ventricular Outflow Tract and Pulmonary Valve
Authors: Kongunattan K. Venkatesan , Swaminathan N. , Venkatesan S.
Published: March 2018

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is usually diagnosed in childhood. In adults, it is less often diagnosed due to spontaneous closure of some VSD's during the early years of childhood. Perimembranous VSD is a defect seen in the upper part of the septum and near the valves occurring in nearly 75% of patients. Although spontaneous closure has been reported in VSD, with about 30%–40% closing before 2 years of age and the remainder of cases closing by about 4 years of age, it is rare for VSD's to close after 8 years of age. Most of the small VSD's will remain asymptomatic, but one of the long-term complications of a small VSD is the development of infective endocarditis (IE). Most of the studies in adults with small VSD's and IE had many complications such as arrhythmias, subaortic and sub-pulmonic stenosis, and exercise intolerance. Here, we report a patient with small perimembranous VSD who was asymptomatic in childhood but suddenly become symptomatic due to development of IE. In this patient, the vegetations were large, multiple chunky linear vegetations partly sealing the VSD defect and also occluding the right ventricular outflow tract and pulmonary valve mimicking severe pulmonary stenosis, which was managed conservatively.
An Unusual Case of Right Atrial Mass
Authors: Thangamuthukumar K. Ganesh , Karthikeyan S. , Gnanavelu G. , Swaminathan N. , Venkatesan S.
Published: March 2018

An 18-year-old female presented with complaints of breathlessness on exertion for the past 6 months. Systemic examination was normal. Echocardiography showed a large hyperechoic well-defined right atrial mass occupying the entire right atrium and extending up to tricuspid valve. Mild pericardial effusion was noted. Visualized portions of pulmonary arteries were normal. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) chest demonstrated a lobulated heterodense mass occupying the anterior mediastinum which infiltrated superior vena cava and extended into right atrium up to the tricuspid valve. Histopathological examination through CT = guided biopsy and immunohistochemistry confirmed the mediastinal mass as B-cell lymphoma. The patient was started on chemotherapy as per medical oncologist opinion. Despite chemotherapy, the patient succumbed to unexplained sudden death.
A Case of Mechanical Pulmonary Valve Thrombosis
Authors: Duraisamy Kathirvel , Majella Cecily Mary , Gorijavaram Prathapkumar , Ravishankar G. , Gnanaraj Justinpaul , Palanisamy G. , Ganesan Gnanavelu , Swaminathan N. , Sangareddi Venkatesan
Published: March 2018

Prosthetic valve thrombosis (PVT) is a rare but dreadful complication of mechanical prosthetic valves. Even though mechanical valves in pulmonary position are rarely implanted, obstruction by thrombosis warrants rapid diagnostic assessment and treatment. Transthoracic echocardiography plays an important role than transesophageal echocardiography because of anterior location of pulmonary prosthetic valve. Thrombolytic therapy is the mainstay of the treatment for right-sided mechanical obstructive PVT. We are presenting a case of pulmonary mechanical PVT which was diagnosed and successfully thrombolysed with streptokinase.
The Indian Academy of Echocardiography Practice Guideline for the Performance of Transesophageal Echocardiographic Evaluation of a Patient with Cerebrovascular Stroke
Authors: Burkule Nitin , Govind Satish C. , Sola Srikanth , Bansal Manish
Published: March 2018

Ischemic stroke remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Cardiac sources of embolism account for almost up to 40% of all the ischemic strokes. Accordingly, echocardiography is an important investigation in the evaluation of clinically suspected cardioembolic stroke or cryptogenic stroke. Both transthoracic echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) are complementary to each other for this purpose. However, because of its superior resolution and the ability to image structures that are the most likely sources of cardioembolism (e.g., left atrial appendage), TEE is the preferred imaging modality in the cardiac evaluation of stroke. This document describes the systematic TEE evaluation of the patients referred with a clinical diagnosis of either cryptogenic stroke or cardioembolic stroke.
Actions of Semitopological Groups
Authors: van Mill Jan , Valov Vesko M.
Published: March 2018

We investigate continuous transitive actions of semitopological groups on spaces, as well as separately continuous transitive actions of topological groups.
On $p$-adic absolute Hodge cohomology and syntomic coefficients. I
Authors: Déglise Frédéric , Nizioł Wiesława
Published: March 2018

We interpret syntomic cohomology defined in [50] as a

p

-adic absolute Hodge cohomology. This is analogous to the interpretation of Deligne–Beilinson cohomology as an absolute Hodge cohomology by Beilinson [8] and generalizes the results of Bannai [6] and Chiarellotto, Ciccioni, Mazzari [15] in the good reduction case. This interpretation yields a simple construction of the syntomic descent spectral sequence and its degeneration for projective and smooth varieties. We introduce syntomic coefficients and show that in dimension zero they form a full triangulated subcategory of the derived category of potentially semistable Galois representations.

Along the way, we obtain

p

-adic realizations of mixed motives including

p

-adic comparison isomorphisms. We apply this to the motivic fundamental group generalizing results of Olsson and Vologodsky [56, 71].
On real and complex cubic curves
Authors: Bonifant Araceli , Milnor John
Published: March 2018

An expository description of smooth cubic curves in the real or complex projective plane.
A survey of the GIT picture for the Yang–Mills equation over Riemann surfaces
Authors: Trautwein Samuel
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this paper is to give a self-contained exposition of the Atiyah–Bott picture [AB83] for the Yang–Mills equation over Riemann surfaces with an emphasis on the analogy to finite dimensional geometric invariant theory. The main motivation is to provide a careful study of the semistable and unstable orbits: This includes the analogue of the Ness uniqueness theorem for Yang–Mills connections, the Kempf–Ness theorem, the Hilbert–Mumford criterion and a new proof of the moment-weight inequality following an approach outlined by Donaldson [Don4]. A central ingredient in our discussion is the Yang–Mills ow for which we assume longtime existence and convergence (see [Rad]).
Sur l’exemple d’Euler d’une fonction complètement multiplicative de somme nulle
Authors: Kahane Jean-Pierre , Saias Eric
Published: March 2018

In 1737 Euler introduced a series whose general term is the first example of a completely multiplicative function whose sum is 0, what we write

CMO

. Euler proved that the sum of his series is 0, assuming that the sum exists. The convergence of the series was proved later, as a companion of the prime number theorem. We consider the same problem for generalized primes and integers in the sense of Beurling 1937. A key is a theorem of Diamond 1977, which gives a condition on the generalized primes in order that the generalized integers have a density. According to Diamond’s condition the analogue of the Euler series converges and its sum is 0 (theorem 2). That is a way (and the only way as far as we can guess) to construct a

CMO

function in the usual sense carried by a lacunary set of integers (theorem 1).
An equivalence between pseudo-holomorphic embeddings into almost-complex Euclidean space and CR regular embeddings into complex space
Authors: Torres Rafael
Published: March 2018

We show that a pseudo-holomorphic embedding of an almost-complex

2n

-manifold into almost-complex

(2n + 2)

-Euclidean space exists if and only if there is a CR regular embedding of the

2n

-manifold into complex

(n + 1)

-space. We remark that the fundamental group does not place any restriction on the existence of either kind of embedding when

n

is at least three. We give necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of characteristic classes for a closed almost-complex 6-manifold to admit a pseudo-holomorphic embedding into

\mathbb R^8

equipped with an almost-complex structure that need not be integrable.
Role Models' Influence on Specialty Choice for Residency Training: A National Longitudinal Study
Authors: Yoon John D. , Ham Sandra A. , Reddy Shalini T. , Curlin Farr A.
Published: March 2018

Background 

Role models in medical school may influence students' residency specialty choice.

Objective 

We examined whether medical students who reported clinical exposure to a role model during medical school would have an increased likelihood of selecting the role model's specialty for their residencies.

Methods 

We conducted a 5-year prospective, national longitudinal study (2011–2016) of medical students from 24 US allopathic medical schools, starting from the middle of their third year. The primary outcome measure was type of residency specialty choice 4 years after graduation. Main predictors were the clinical specialty of a student's most admired physician and the relative importance of 7 potentially influential factors for specialty choice in the fourth year of medical school.

Results 

From 919 eligible participants, 564 (61%) responded to the first survey; 474 of the respondents (84%) completed the follow-up survey. We excluded 29 participants who were not in their fourth year by the time of the follow-up survey. Of the follow-up respondents, 427 (96%) had specialty data 4 years after graduation. In our multivariate models, exposure to an admired generalist physician prior to medical school (odds ratio [OR] = 2.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–4.73) and during medical school (OR = 2.62, 95% CI 1.69–4.05) had the strongest odds with respect to training in a generalist residency 4 years after graduation. Role model exposure also predicted specialty choice among those training in surgical and radiology, ophthalmology, anesthesiology, and dermatology (ROAD) specialties.

Conclusions 

Personal exposure to role models in medical school is an important predictor of residency training in that role model's specialty.
Diagnóstico de Fallas en el Convertidor del Rotor en Generadores de Inducción con Rotor Bobinado
Authors: González Guillermo N. , De Angelo Cristian H. , Forchetti Daniel G. , Aligia Diego A.
Published: March 2018

En este artículo se presenta una estrategia de diagnóstico de fallas por llave abierta en el convertidor del rotor de generadores de inducción con rotor bobinado. La estrategia utiliza observadores de estado basados en modelos dinámicos obtenidos a partir de un enfoque que utiliza geometría diferencial. Estos observadores permiten generar señales de residuo sensibles a cada falla considerada e insensibles a perturbaciones. A partir de estas señales se construye un vector de residuos con información que puede ser utilizada para la detección y el aislamiento de la falla. La estrategia de detección consiste en la evaluación de la envolvente de la norma del vector de residuos. El aislamiento requiere evaluar la región del plano recorrida por el vector de residuos y comparar dicha región con la asociada a cada escenario de falla. Finalmente se presentan resultados donde se demuestra que la propuesta permite detectar, aislar e identificar fallas de llave abierta, simples o múltiples, aún frente a errores paramétricos y otras perturbaciones.