bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protocol for a cross-sectional study on factors affecting health-related quality of life among Afghan refugees in Pakistan
Authors: Ur Rehman Atta , Zakar Rubeena , Zakar Muhammad Zakria , Hani Ume , Fischer Florian
Published: September 2021

Background: Pakistan served as a host for more than 1.4 million Afghan refugees for more than 40 years. Access to health care is the most important issue faced by refugees, because they might be at a higher risk for certain diseases. This risk can be attributed to a lack of awareness of health care facilities, health beliefs, inadequate hygiene, cultural differences, and malnutrition. Health of individuals is closely associated with their quality of life. Quality of life over the whole lifespan is pivotal to overall life satisfaction. It includes physical wellbeing, mental health, education, occupation, income, personal safety, as well as (religious) freedom. Until now, the health status of Afghan refugees has never been comprehensively investigated in Pakistan. Therefore, an assessment in this regard is needed to explore their health-related quality of life, for securing their human right to health.

Methods: A cross-sectional study has been designed to describe and explain the health-related quality of life of Afghan refugees in Pakistan. Multistage cluster sampling was applied for selection of study participants. The number of respondents from two regions in Pakistan was drawn through a proportionate sampling technique. A quantitative research method using pre-validated questionnaires was used for data collection. The questionnaire included items to assess well-being, mental health, health literacy, and factors affecting health and health care. Descriptive analysis was used, whereas inferential statistical tests (binary logistic regression model) was also performed. The study received ethically permission by the Advanced Studies and Research Board of the University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.

Discussion: The assessment of Afghan refugee’s quality of life in Pakistan should lead to recommendations disseminated to public and health care officials. This evidence is needed for policymaking related to adequate measures for improving health conditions of Afghan refugees in Pakistan.
Record linkage of population-based cohort data from minors with national register data: a scoping review and comparative legal analysis of four European countries
Authors: Doetsch Julia Nadine , Dias Vasco , Indredavik Marit S. , Reittu Jarkko , Devold Randi Kallar , Teixeira Raquel , Kajantie Eero , Barros Henrique
Published: September 2021

Background: The GDPR was implemented to build an overarching framework for personal data protection across the EU/EEA. Linkage of data directly collected from cohort participants, potentially serving as a prominent tool for health research, must respect data protection rules and privacy rights. Our objective was to investigate law possibilities of linking cohort data of minors with routinely collected education and health data comparing EU/EEA member states.

Methods: A legal comparative analysis and scoping review was conducted of openly accessible published laws and regulations in EUR-Lex and national law databases on GDPR’s implementation in Portugal, Finland, Norway, and the Netherlands and its connected national regulations purposing record linkage for health research that have been implemented up until April 30, 2021.

Results: The GDPR does not ensure total uniformity in data protection legislation across member states offering flexibility for national legislation. Exceptions to process personal data, e.g., public interest and scientific research, must be laid down in EU/EEA or national law. Differences in national interpretation caused obstacles in cross-national research and record linkage: Portugal requires written consent and ethical approval; Finland allows linkage mostly without consent through the national Social and Health Data Permit Authority; Norway when based on regional ethics committee’s approval and adequate information technology safeguarding confidentiality; the Netherlands mainly bases linkage on the opt-out system and Data Protection Impact Assessment.

Conclusions: Though the GDPR is the most important legal framework, national legislation execution matters most when linking cohort data with routinely collected health and education data. As national interpretation varies, legal intervention balancing individual right to informational self-determination and public good is gravely needed for health research. More harmonization across EU/EEA could be helpful but should not be detrimental in those member states which already opened a leeway for registries and research for the public good without explicit consent.
Challenges for psychiatric health care for adults in Lower Silesia
Authors: Kiejna Andrzej , Stachów Michał , Krzyżanowski Dominik
Published: September 2021

Autorzy w swoim opracowaniu odnosząc się zmian zachodzących w polskiej psychiatrii w ramach Narodowego Programu Ochrony Zdrowia Psychicznego (NPOZP) przedstawiają własne przemyślenia dotyczące restrukturyzacji psychiatrycznej opieki zdrowotnej dla osób dorosłych na Dolnym Śląsku. Odwołują się one do doświadczeń europejskich opisanych w książce „W stronę lepszej psychiatrycznej opieki” prof. G. Thornicrofta i prof. M. Tansella, a w wymiarze praktycznym i naukowym - do merytorycznych przesłanek, pochodzących z analiz demograficznych, wskaźników epidemiologicznych uzyskanych w badaniu EZOP, pochodzących z Map Potrzeb Zdrowotnych i innych statystyk urzędowych. Dolny Śląsk jako piąte pod względem liczby ludności województwo w Polsce, z czterema szpitalami psychiatrycznymi wymagającymi restrukturyzacji, niższym od krajowego wskaźnikiem łóżek na 100 tyś. populacji i z relatywnie wysokim wskaźnikiem występowania tzw. powszechnych zaburzeń psychicznych powinien zostać objęty celowanym projektem pilotażowym w ramach NPOZP. W konkluzji autorzy zdecydowanie opowiadają się za jak najszybszym wdrożeniem środowiskowego modelu usług psychiatrycznych na Dolnym Śląsku, wskazując metodologię, która powinna towarzyszyć procesowi przekształceń, zagrożenia jakie mogą wystąpić, ale przede wszystkim uwrażliwiając na korzyści jakie powinno uzyskać społeczeństwo w sensie ogólnoludzkim i ekonomicznym.
EFFICACY OF AUDIT FEE ON AUDIT QAULITY OF SELECTED PHARMACEUTICAL FIRMS IN NIGERIA
Authors: Saheed Daud Omotosho , Ajibola Ibrahim Majeed , Adedoyin Lukman
Published: September 2021

The problem of poor accuracy and credibility in some audited financial statement has being a major form of information asymmetry which had led some shareholders and prospective investors to make wrong Judgment about the financial position of some organization due to poor audit quality. Thus, Specifically this study empirically examine how audit fee, audit report lag as well as mandatory auditor rotation affect the audit quality of the sample listed pharmaceutical firms on the floor of the Nigerian Stock Exchange. A GLS estimation method was employed to clearly establish the nature relationship that exists between the dependent variable and the adopted surrogates for the independent variables. A Secondary data was extracted from the annual audited reports from the ten selected pharmaceutical firms that serve as the fair representation for the population under study for a period of ten years 2009-2019. The result from the finding shows that all the adopted surrogates for the independent variable were jointly significant in explaining about 72% variation in audit quality given credence to the coefficient of (R2) which stood @ 0.72 as well as the combined p-value of 0.000. This implies that the predictive power of the surrogates of the independent variables can explain about 72% changes in audit quality of the population under study. In specific terms; Audit fee have a significant positive impact on audit quality of the selected pharmaceutical firms while audit report lag and mandatory auditor rotation have significant negative impact the audit quality of the selected pharmaceutical firms respectively. The study therefore recommends among many others that policy makers and regulators should put in place a framework that will ensure the payment of optimal compensation to audit firm as audit fee as this will no doubt go a long way in improving the audit quality of the firms under study.
OPTIMAL INCENTIVES FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH IN CENTRAL EUROPEAN COUNTRIES: A MICRO APPROACH
Authors: Akan Mustafa , Konovalova Natalia
Published: September 2021

Financial crisis of 2008 and the ongoing pandemic are continuing to have a negative impact on the economies of all countries even tough interest rates have been decreased significantly. This paper attempted to view the problem from a micro point of view to suggest more effective incentives for growth. The specific objective of the study is to determine and examine the effects of these incentives on economic growth in Central European countries.
The Person at the Core of Psychological Science
Authors: Franck Juan F.
Published: September 2021

The paper has been written from a philosophical perspective and triggered by the recurrent discussions in psychology about the most suitable methods to study our multifaceted subjectivity. Its main point is that a phenomenological understanding of the human person provides a robust and also flexible philosophical framework for psychology. The first part discusses three classical distinctions –individual/general; explaining/understanding; induction/interpretation– which, in spite of possible deficiencies, are useful to illustrate the specificity of the human sciences relative to the natural sciences. If not understood as an either-or dichotomy these distinctions represent the search of the right balance to reflect the complexity and richness of psychological science. The second part presents the phenomenological notions of ‘vital reduction’ and ‘personalist reduction’, where reductions does not take on an eliminativistic meaning, but of directing the mind’s gaze to attend to what is originally the case. The ‘vital reduction’ reveals a subject of experience at the center of the lifeworld, and the ‘personalist reduction’ sees in rationality –i.e., the power to grasp the meaning of things and to recognize other subjects of experience­– a deeper dimension of the subject, who we can thus call a person. Psychology and phenomenology converge in disclosing the person-centeredness of our lifeworld.
La acción humana: una propuesta integral para el diálogo interdisciplinar sobre la personalidad
Authors: Orón Semper José Víctor , Martínez Mares Miriam Martinez
Published: September 2021

La necesidad de categorizar la personalidad es recurrente en estudios filosóficos, teológicos y, especialmente, psicológicos. No obstante, la falta de diálogo entre las distintas disciplinas da lugar a diversos análisis que parecen dividir la realidad humana en “parcelas” que, a menudo, son incompatibles entre sí; ¿cómo hablar, por ejemplo, de libertad antropológica desde las numerosas aportaciones conductistas de la psicología? Atendiendo a este problema, el presente artículo propone el análisis integral de la acción humana (el modo en el que la persona se actualiza) como una perspectiva que da lugar a una parametrización psicológica ajustada a la complejidad de la personalidad.  Partiendo de la visión integral de la acción, su aspecto comportamental y mental comúnmente estudiados se advierten como insuficientes y se amplía el horizonte al elemento de la interioridad. Este modo más completo de parametrizar a la persona atiende su complejidad y apunta, simultáneamente, a lo que no es conceptualizable en ella. Traer al escenario la interioridad supondrá una lectura renovada de la psicología, la filosofía y la teología, así como su evidente necesidad de interacción.
Pressure Related Ocular Parameters in Caucasian Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Galina Dimitrova , Antonela Ljubic , Biljana Tojtovska , Keti Tagasovska , Urosh Tomasevic
Published: September 2021

Objectives: To investigate pressure related ocular parameters (intraocular pressure (IOP), estimated trans-lamina cribrosa pressure difference (TLPD) and ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) in Caucasian patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and control subjects.
Methods: This is an observational cross-section study that included 57 subjects (27 patients with open-angle glaucoma and 30 healthy control subjects). All subjects underwent ophthalmic and systemic measurements in order to evaluate pressure related ocular parameters – IOP (mmHg), OPP (mmHg), and TLPD (mmHg) based on established formulas. The differences in the IOP, OPP and TLPD values between patients with POAG and control subjects were evaluated.
Results: Intraocular pressure and TLPD were significantly higher in patients with glaucoma (mean IOP= 18.93 ± 4.53 mmHg; TLPD= 9.47 ± 5.02 mmHg), than in control subjects (IOP= 16.47 ± 2.60 mmHg; TLPD= 6.82 ± 3.60 mmHg) (p=0.017 and p=0.025 respectively). In univariate logistic progression, IOP and TLPD were significant predictors for POAG.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that in addition to IOP, TLPD is also significantly higher in Caucasian patients with POAG than in control subjects and both parameters are significant predictors of POAG. This suggests that TLPD may have a role in the pathogenesis of POAG.
Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Frequently Used 7 Food Enzymes in South Korea at Their Maximum Usage Levels
Authors: Kim Ye-Hyun , Youn Su-Min , Yoo Na-Kyung , Choi Soo-Jin
Published: September 2021

Food enzymes have been widely applied to diverse foods as processing aids to catalyze specific biochemical reactions and they are generally inactivated during the manufacturing process. However, metabolic and fermentation products in the process of enzyme production by microorganisms can cause toxicological responses. In this study, the cytotoxicity of seven food enzymes most frequently applied to processed foods in South Korea was evaluated in terms of cell viability inhibition, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and β-hexosaminidase release at their maximum usage levels. The results demonstrate that all food enzymes tested did not inhibit cell proliferation and viability nor affect membrane integrity. Some native food enzymes induced reactive oxygen species and β-hexosaminidase release, which was not found by inactivated food enzymes, suggesting that inactivated food enzymes that remained in processed foods do not exhibit cytotoxicity. These findings will provide basic information about the potential toxicity of food enzymes and be useful for further in vivo toxicity studies.
Quality Characteristics and Probiotics Viability of Pudding by Lactobacillus acidophilus With Soymilk, Inulin, and/or Rice Powder during Cold Storage
Authors: Han Inhwa , Lim Seung-Yong
Published: September 2021

This research aimed to investigate the effects of the inoculation method and diverse ingredients on the quality properties and probiotics viability of pudding with milk and/or soymilk. The probiotic strain (Lactobacillus acidophilus, LA-5) was inoculated into the yogurt base and fermented until the pH is 5.10 ± 0.05. The fermented yogurt was added into pudding base (yogurt inoculation), or LA-5 was directly inoculated (direct inoculation). During the storage of the puddings at 4±1oC for 4 wks, the quality characteristics (pH, acidity, texture) and the probiotics viability of pudding were measured and compared. As a result, the puddings with yogurt inoculation showed significantly lower pH and higher acidity than those with direct inoculation. In texture properties, including hardness, chewiness, and gumminess, the addition of rice powder increased those in milk pudding more but the addition of inulin in the milk-soymilk pudding more. The addition of rice powder increased probiotics viability more than inulin in milk and milk-soymilk puddings. Therefore, adding rice and/or inulin can potentially improve the probiotics viability and quality characteristics of pudding.
Modulator chip based on semiconductor heterostructures with a surface diffraction grating for laser beam steering
Authors: Zolotarev V. V. , Slipchenko S. O. , Shashkin I. S. , Kazakova A. E. , Kriuchkov V. A. , Pikhtin N. A.
Published: September 2021

Design parameter optimization of a chip based on a heterostructure with a surface
diffraction grating for laser beam angle modulation was carried out.
It was found that the widest field of view is achieved at outcoupling
angles close to the total internal reflection. The highest energy
efficiency is provided by using epitaxy Bragg reflector on the
substrate side. It is shown that using a multiple quantum well that
gives electro-optic refractive index modulation by 0.007 and
second-order surface diffraction grating with a period of 317 nm
provides laser beam steering in a range of 5°, with resolution of 130
points at a wavelength of 782 nm.
Theoretical approach for modeling LSPR biosensors for the detection of biopolymer nucleation
Authors: Foiles Dreycen , Hasegawa Keisuke
Published: September 2021

We investigate theoretically the accuracy of an effective medium approximation in modeling localized surface plasmon resonance biosensors for the detection of biopolymer nucleation. Using boundary-element method simulations, we compute the extinction spectrum and spectral shift of a gold nanoparticle-biopolymer system in which biopolymers are treated as cylindrical rods and compare them with results from an extended Mie theory in which biopolymers are treated as an effective medium with a radially variable refractive index. Our results show that the effective medium approximation can be employed to predict the extinction spectrum and the spectral shift accurately. We also demonstrate that the approximation is effective even when there is only a single biopolymer on the nanoparticle, as long as its orientation relative to the incident wave is random, which is generally the case in solution-based localized surface plasmon resonance biosensing applications where the orientations of biomolecules relative to the incident light are not fixed, but change over time.
Fiber optic sensor array fork-lug flexible monitoring of large components
Authors: Liu Chunhui , Liu Zhichao , Yin Lixin
Published: September 2021

To realize the flexible monitoring and online pose correction of the complex assembly of large components, an optical fiber sensor array-based tooling condition monitoring network was built. First, an ANSYS simulation analysis was conducted to obtain the strain sensitive position of the tooling, and the maximum deformation was 0.0368 mm; then, the combination relationship between the monitoring position of the fiber grating sensor and the test data was determined. Next, a flexible sensor packaging structure was designed to achieve optimal strain sensitivity for ensuring flexible assembly. Finally, a three-dimensional reconstruction calculation model of stress field distribution and assembly pose adjustment was developed. The changes in the stress field distribution caused by different assembly problems were analyzed, and the corresponding pose correction parameters were solved. The results show that the inversion accuracy of the position deformation of the optical fiber sensor was better than 0.0058 mm, and the minimum correction accuracy of the position was 0.17 mm. The optical fiber flexible detection system works with the assembly structure to realize the intelligent assembly of large components and addresses the limitations of existing three-dimensional digital measurement processes due to environmental vibration, test openness, and other factors.
Learned holographic light transport: invited
Authors: Kavaklı Koray , Urey Hakan , Akşit Kaan
Published: September 2021

Computer-generated holography algorithms often fall short in matching simulations with results from a physical holographic display. Our work addresses this mismatch by learning the holographic light transport in holographic displays. Using a camera and a holographic display, we capture the image reconstructions of optimized holograms that rely on ideal simulations to generate a dataset. Inspired by the ideal simulations, we learn a complex-valued convolution kernel that can propagate given holograms to captured photographs in our dataset. Our method can dramatically improve simulation accuracy and image quality in holographic displays while paving the way for physically informed learning approaches.
Wide viewing-angle holographic display based on enhanced-NA Fresnel hologram
Authors: Chae Byung Gyu
Published: September 2021

The viewing-angle enlargement of a holographic image is a crucial factor for realizing the holographic display. The numerical aperture (NA) of digital hologram other than a pixel specification has been known to determine the angular field extent of image. Here, we provide a valid foundation for the dependence of viewing angle on the hologram numerical aperture by investigating mathematically the internal structure of the sampled point spread function showing a self-similarity of its modulating curve. The enhanced-NA Fresnel hologram reconstructs the image at a viewing angle larger than a diffraction angle by a hologram pixel pitch where its angle value is expressed in terms of the NA of whole hologram aperture, which is observed systematically by optical experiments. Finally, we found that the aliased replica noises generated in the enhanced-NA Fresnel diffraction regime are effectively suppressed within the diffraction scope by a digitized pixel. This characteristic enables us to overcome the image reduction and to remove the interference of high-order images, which leads to the wide viewing-angle holographic display.
Robust multifilament arrays in air by Dammann grating
Authors: Pushkarev D. V. , Lar’kin A. S. , Mitina E. V. , Zhidovtsev N. A. , Uryupina D. S. , Volkov R. V. , Karpeev S. V. , Khonina S. N. , Karabutov A. A. , Geints Yu. E. , Kosareva O. G. , Savel’ev A. B.
Published: September 2021

We compare transverse structure evolution and energy deposition into the medium within focused multifilament arrays created using two different types of diffraction optical elements (DOEs): TEM11 phase plate and a Dammann grating. We show that the employment of the Dammann grating provides a robust way to create regular multifilament arrays, which is far less dependent on laser beam quality than one using the phase plate.
Demonstration of flexible access in a rate-adaptive visible light communication system with constellation probabilistic shaping
Authors: Xing Sizhe , Hu Fangchen , Li Guoqiang , Zhang Junwen , Chi Nan , He Zhixue , Yu Shaohua
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a distance-based rate-adaptive visible light communication (VLC) system based on constellation probabilistic shaping (PS) for a multiple-user access network. For users with different access distance, we optimize the transmission data rate close to the channel capacity by applying PS combined with code-rate adaptive FEC at the transmitter side according to the per-user signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) budget. This is also proved to be a convenient way to ensure fine granularity of information rate per user with wider flexibility compared with non-PS modulation formats. We also investigate the performances of different PS-QAM modulation formats under different SNR level when considering peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in the VLC system. Optimal PS-QAM and FEC code-rate are also studied in the flexible VLC access system. In addition, in order to overcome the nonlinear distortion in the system, a neural network (NN) is used as the post-equalization. Finally, we demonstrate the flexible access with the net data-rate from 1.84 to 3.37 Gbps for 20 and 1-meter distance, with a maximum 28% overall capacity improvement compared with regular non-PS modulations.
Absolute radiation pressure detector using a diamagnetically levitating test mass
Authors: Vaskuri Anna K. , Rahn Daniel W. , Williams Paul A. , Lehman John H.
Published: September 2021

We have developed an absolute radiometer to measure laser power by means of radiation pressure in a closed control-loop configuration using diamagnetically levitated pyrolytic graphite as the soft spring and gravity as a contactless restoring force. Our approach takes advantage of an extremely low spring stiffness (2.95 mN/m) afforded by diamagnetic levitation above a permanent magnet array and a lock-in amplifier in the feedback loop to attain a

30

m

W

r
m
s

noise. A horizontally directed laser beam impinges on a highly reflective dielectric stack mirror mounted on the levitating pyrolytic graphite shuttle. The light’s momentum displaces the shuttle, and its position is restored by tilting the magnet array with a piezoelectric actuator. The closed-loop configuration avoids the need for accurate knowledge of the system spring stiffness or environmental dependencies of the diamagnetic levitation. Absolute laser power measured is traceable to the mass of the diamagnetically levitating shuttle system, the local gravitational acceleration, and the interferometrically measured tilt angle of the magnet array. The system is demonstrated with a laser power of 2.7 W, yielding a combined relative expanded uncertainty (

k
=
2

) of 1.9%. The upper limit of measurable power is determined by the range of the piezoelectric actuator, and the minimum power is currently limited by the noise floor that is constrained by air currents.
Computational analysis of GAL pathway pinpoints mechanisms underlying natural variation
Authors: Hong Jiayin , Palme Julius , Hua Bo , Springer Michael
Published: September 2021

Quantitative traits are measurable phenotypes that show continuous variation over a wide phenotypic range. Enormous effort has recently been put into determining the genetic influences on a variety of quantitative traits with mixed success. We identified a quantitative trait in a tractable model system, the GAL pathway in yeast, which controls the uptake and metabolism of the sugar galactose. GAL pathway activation depends both on galactose concentration and on the concentrations of competing, preferred sugars such as glucose. Natural yeast isolates show substantial variation in the behavior of the pathway. All studied yeast strains exhibit bimodal responses relative to external galactose concentration, i.e. a set of galactose concentrations existed at which both GAL-induced and GAL-repressed subpopulations were observed. However, these concentrations differed in different strains. We built a mechanistic model of the GAL pathway and identified parameters that are plausible candidates for capturing the phenotypic features of a set of strains including standard lab strains, natural variants, and mutants. In silico perturbation of these parameters identified variation in the intracellular galactose sensor, Gal3p, the negative feedback node within the GAL regulatory network, Gal80p, and the hexose transporters, HXT, as the main sources of the bimodal range variation. We were able to switch the phenotype of individual yeast strains in silico by tuning parameters related to these three elements. Determining the basis for these behavioral differences may give insight into how the GAL pathway processes information, and into the evolution of nutrient metabolism preferences in different strains. More generally, our method of identifying the key parameters that explain phenotypic variation in this system should be generally applicable to other quantitative traits.
Pixelwise H-score: A novel digital image analysis-based metric to quantify membrane biomarker expression from immunohistochemistry images
Authors: Ram Sripad , Vizcarra Pamela , Whalen Pamela , Deng Shibing , Painter C. L. , Jackson-Fisher Amy , Pirie-Shepherd Steven , Xia Xiaoling , Powell Eric L.
Published: September 2021

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays play a central role in evaluating biomarker expression in tissue sections for diagnostic and research applications. Manual scoring of IHC images, which is the current standard of practice, is known to have several shortcomings in terms of reproducibility and scalability to large scale studies. Here, by using a digital image analysis-based approach, we introduce a new metric called the pixelwise H-score (pix H-score) that quantifies biomarker expression from whole-slide scanned IHC images. The pix H-score is an unsupervised algorithm that only requires the specification of intensity thresholds for the biomarker and the nuclear-counterstain channels. We present the detailed implementation of the pix H-score in two different whole-slide image analysis software packages Visiopharm and HALO. We consider three biomarkers P-cadherin, PD-L1, and 5T4, and show how the pix H-score exhibits tight concordance to multiple orthogonal measurements of biomarker abundance such as the biomarker mRNA transcript and the pathologist H-score. We also compare the pix H-score to existing automated image analysis algorithms and demonstrate that the pix H-score provides either comparable or significantly better performance over these methodologies. We also present results of an empirical resampling approach to assess the performance of the pix H-score in estimating biomarker abundance from select regions within the tumor tissue relative to the whole tumor resection. We anticipate that the new metric will be broadly applicable to quantify biomarker expression from a wide variety of IHC images. Moreover, these results underscore the benefit of digital image analysis-based approaches which offer an objective, reproducible, and highly scalable strategy to quantitatively analyze IHC images.
Co-culture of type I and type II pneumocytes as a model of alveolar epithelium
Authors: Brookes Oliver , Boland Sonja , Lai Kuen René , Miremont Dorian , Movassat Jamileh , Baeza-Squiban Armelle
Published: September 2021

The epithelial tissues of the distal lung are continuously exposed to inhaled air, and are of research interest in studying respiratory exposure to both hazardous and therapeutic materials. Pharmaco-toxicological research depends on the development of sophisticated models of the alveolar epithelium, which better represent the different cell types present in the native lung and interactions between them. We developed an air-liquid interface (ALI) model of the alveolar epithelium which incorporates cell lines which bear features of type I (hAELVi) and type II (NCI-H441) epithelial cells. We compared morphology of single cells and the structure of cell layers of the two lines using light and electron microscopy. Working both in monotypic cultures and cocultures, we measured barrier function by trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and demonstrated that barrier properties can be maintained for 30 days. We created a mathematical model of TEER development over time based on these data in order to make inferences about the interactions occurring in these culture systems. We assessed expression of a panel of relevant genes that play important roles in barrier function and differentiation. The coculture model was observed to form a stable barrier akin to that seen in hAELVi, while expressing surfactant protein C, and having a profile of expression of claudins and aquaporins appropriate for the distal lung. We described cavities which arise within stratified cell layers in NCI-H441 and cocultured cells, and present evidence that these cavities represent an aberrant apical surface. In summary, our results support the coculture of these two cell lines to produce a model which better represents the breadth of functions seen in native alveolar epithelium.
Low expression of CIP4 in predicting worse overall survival: A potential biomarker for laryngeal cancer
Authors: Fang Lucheng , Shi Licai , Wang Wen , Wu Xiu , Hu Tingting , Huang Yideng , Rao Xingwang
Published: September 2021

Previous reports indicate that Cdc42-interacting protein-4 (CIP4) has previously been reported to plays an important role in the progression of various cancers. However, its correlation with laryngeal cancer (LC) remains unreported. Data from TCGA and GEO databases were used to evaluate the role of CIP4 in LC. Based on GEO and TCGA datasets, we analyzed the differences in CIP4 expression between normal and tumor samples. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze the relationship between clinical features and CIP4. Cox regression and the Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to identify the clinical characteristics associated with the overall survival. Also, the GEPIA database was used to confirm the relationship between CIP4 and overall survival. Lastly, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed based on the TCGA dataset. CIP4 expression in LC was significantly associated with gender and tumor stage (p-values<0.05). Similar to GEPIA validation, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that LC with CIP4-low exhibited a worse prognosis than that with CIP4-high. Univariate analysis revealed that CIP4-high significantly correlated with better overall survival (HR: 0.522, 95% CI: 0.293–0.830, P = 0.026). Besides, multivariate analysis revealed that CIP4 remained independently associated with the overall survival (HR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.326–0.912, P = 0.012). GSEA showed that the p53, WNT signaling, TGF-β signaling pathways, etc. were enriched in a phenotype high CIP4 expression. In summary, the CIP4 gene is a potential prognostic molecular marker for patients diagnosed with laryngeal cancer. Moreover, the p53, WNT signaling, and TGF-β signaling pathways are potentially associated with CIP4 in LC.
The role of access to finance from different finance providers in production risks of horticulture in Indonesia
Authors: Wulandari Eliana , Meuwissen Miranda P. M. , Karmana Maman H. , Lansink Alfons G. J. M. Oude
Published: September 2021

This paper aims to investigate the association between perceived production risk of horticultural farms and access to finance from different finance providers. The collection of data was conducted among 434 farmers in Indonesia particularly farmers produced mango, mangosteen, chili and red onion. Production risk was measured by the coefficient of variation, skewness, kurtosis and the 25thpercentile. Depending on the risk measure, a lower production risk was found for commercial credit from banks and flexible payments of inputs to kiosks. Conversely, we did not find any lower production risk associated with finance provided by farmers’ associations and other sources such as family and friends. Results of this study are useful for policy makers, finance providers and supply chain actors in agriculture. For policy makers, the results of this study can help in designing policy to enhance farmers’ access to finance, whereas finance providers and supply chain actors, such as traders, obtain insight into whether their financial provisions effectively reduce production risk.
The association between competitor level and the physical preparation practices of amateur boxers
Authors: Finlay Mitchell James , Page Richard Michael , Greig Matt , Bridge Craig Alan
Published: September 2021

Physical training, testing, and monitoring are three key constitutes of athlete physical performance; however, there is a currently a lack of information on the prevalence of such methods in amateur boxing. This study aimed to explore the physical preparation practices of senior elite (SEB) and senior development (SDB) amateur boxers, and to determine whether these practices were discriminated by competitor level. One hundred and one amateur boxers (SEB n = 59, SDB n = 42) were surveyed on their understanding, perceptions and application of physical training, monitoring, and testing practices. SEB were associated with strength/power training (SEB 78%, SDB 50%, P = 0.005), monitor of training intensities (SEB 68%, SDB 40%, P = 0.006), and performing regular fitness testing (SEB 76%, SDB 50%, P = 0.006), compared to SDB. Likewise, SEB were twice as likely (56%) to have their physical preparation managed by a strength and conditioning (S&C) coach or sport scientist, compared to SDB (26%; P = 0.005). For the first time, these data demonstrate the extent to which competitor level is associated with preparatory practices in amateur boxing. Cost was identified as the main barrier in implementing several forms of scientific support in SDB. These data serve as a framework to enhance preparatory practices across different competitor levels in amateur boxing. This might include boxer and coach education on the benefits to a more scientific approach, and the use of cost-effective methods to develop, monitor and assess amateur boxers physical performance. This may be of particular importance where boxers are not funded, such as the SDB in the current study. However, this work may also be used to emphasise the importance of strength/power training, physical fitness testing and monitoring at the elite level of amateur boxing.
Pengaruh Qualification Mismatch terhadap Upah Tenaga Kerja Di Indonesia
Authors: Hasibuan Ernawaty , Handayani Dwini
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memeriksa kejadian qualification mismatch dan pengaruhnya terhadap upah tenaga kerja di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan SAKERNAS 2018, qualification mismatch diidentifikasi menggunakan metode normatif. Vertical mismatch diperoleh dengan membandingkan tingkat pendidikan dan golongan pekerjaan (KBJI 1 digit), sedangkan horizontal mismatch membandingkan klasifikasi jurusan pendidikan (3 digit ISCED-F) dan klasifikasi jabatan (KBJI 3 digit). Pada tahun 2018, tenaga kerja yang mengalami undereducation berjumlah sebesar 4.6% dan overeducation sebesar 27.9%. Sedangkan kejadian field of study mismatch terjadi pada 68.4% tenaga kerja di Indonesia. Pengaruh qualification mismatch terhadap upah tenaga kerja diestimasi dengan menggunakan metode ordinary least square. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat wage premium sebesar 5.24%-6.24% pada tenaga kerja yang mengalami undereducation. Wage penalty sebesar 6.26%-7.50% diperoleh tenaga kerja yang mengalami overeducation, sedangkan yang mengalami field of study mismatch sebesar 5.89%-6.80%.
Expected Inflation Phenomena on Inflation and Unemployment Tradeoff - Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Sipahutar Mangasa Augustinus
Published: September 2021

This study is about Indonesian Phillips curve from 1990 to 2019 using a VAR model. I found inflation and unemployment tradeoff, but expected inflation is negative. Negative expected inflation will face difficulties to BI in managing interest rate stemmed from economic shocks. Monetary contraction will decrease output and increase both unemployment and inflation. Conversely, monetary expansion does not experience a significant output growth. Monetary expansion should be maintained at a longer period to increase output and purchasing power, then expected inflation will undergo a dynamic process to become positive as modified Phillips curve suggested.

Keywords: expected inflation, inflation and unemployment tradeoff, Phillips curve

JEL Classification: E31, E52, O42
THE Economic Assesment On Bottom Ash Utilizing As The Bio Coal Fuel
Authors: Marganingrum Dyah , Irawan Chandra , Mursito Anggoro Tri , Estiaty Lenny Marilyn , Listiyowati Lina Nur , Arifin Danang Noor , Hidawati
Published: September 2021

Coal bottom ash was included in Hazardous and Toxic Waste (LB3), which requires seriously manage not to warm the environment and humans health. LB3 management becomes an obligation for the industry which producing it and being a burden in itself due to the project of waste utilization often regarded as the high-cost investment projects or less profitable. This study aims to conduct an economic assessment of pilot-scale projects to reuse bottom ash to support the clean industry strategy. The study mixed coal bottom ash with biomass from municipalities solid waste (MSW), called bio-coal fuel. These raw materials were combined with a composition 60%:40% weight (bottom ash: biomass) to be briquette form by adding amylum as a binder. This study used the benefit-cost analysis approach to assess economic feasibility. Tree indicators used in this study were net benefit-cost ratio, payback period, and return on investment. These indicators provided the company policy to continue or stop this project. The finding study showed that the company got a payback period and the net benefit from the ninth year. The company also achieved a net B/C ratio was more than one, and ROI was 1.09 times in the ninth year. The other beneficiaries acquired by the company was included external costs, such as risks from commitment failure by third parties in coal waste management, costs rising risk of purchasing coal, and given a positive value for providing employment.
A Deep Multi-Modal Learning Method and a New RGB-Depth Data Set for Building Roof Extraction
Authors: Khoshboresh-Masouleh Mehdi , Shah-Hosseini Reza
Published: September 2021

This study focuses on tackling the challenge of building mapping in multi-modal remote sensing data by proposing a novel, deep superpixel-wise convolutional neural network called DeepQuantized-Net, plus a new red, green, blue (RGB)-depth data set named IND. DeepQuantized-Net
incorporated two practical ideas in segmentation: first, improving the object pattern with the exploitation of superpixels instead of pixels, as the imaging unit in DeepQuantized-Net. Second, the reduction of computational cost. The generated data set includes 294 RGB-depth images (256
training images and 38 test images) from different locations in the state of Indiana in the U.S., with 1024 × 1024 pixels and a spatial resolution of 0.5 ftthat covers different cities. The experimental results using the IND data set demonstrates the mean F1 scores and the average
Intersection over Union scores could increase by approximately 7.0% and 7.2% compared to other methods, respectively.
Outras vozes, outros arquivos. A memória escrita das classes subalternas
Authors: Gómez Antonio Castillo
Published: September 2021

Este artigo reflete sobre a capacidade de produzir testemunhos escritos pelas classes subalternas. A partir de uma aproximação diacrônica, indaga as particularidades de tal memória ao longo do tempo. Distingue entre a conservação indireta e fragmentária típica dos séculos anteriores ao XIX, geralmente depositada em vestígios isolados, e outra de um tipo mais denso e articulado desenvolvido na era contemporânea, especialmente no século XX. Nesse sentido, uma parte do artigo se ocupa das recentes iniciativas de salvaguarda da memória escrita das classes subalternas. Analisa os chamados “arquivos à margem” e, em particular, o que significam “arquivos da escrita popular” no campo dos arquivos pessoais.  Por último, o próprio conceito de “arquivo” é problematizado.
Em busca de traços de conservadorismos lexicais
Authors: Fernandes Sânia Fontoura , Isquerdo Aparecida Negri
Published: September 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir relações entre o léxico e o fenômeno do conservadorismo linguístico, com base no exame de uma amostra do vocabulário de falantes de quatro cidades do interior do estado do Espírito Santo, documentada pela equipe de pesquisa do Projeto ALiB (Atlas Linguístico do Brasil). Os dados lexicais analisados foram obtidos por meio das perguntas 075, 076, 077 e 078, do Questionário Semântico-lexical do Projeto ALiB, área semântica da fauna, mais especificamente as partes do cavalo e do boi. O estudo orienta-se por fundamentos teóricos da Lexicologia, da Dialetologia e da Geolinguística e busca verificar, do ponto de vista diatópico, a presença de fatores de natureza histórica e sociocultural que podem contribuir para o processo de conservação lexical na fala de grupos representativos de cidades do interior do Brasil, no caso do estado do Espírito Santo. Em síntese, o estudo demonstrou aspectos da relação entre o léxico e a história social das localidades pesquisadas, além de ter apontado indícios de marcas de conservadorismo no vocabulário do grupo investigado.
La humildad omnipotente de Dios
Authors: Caamaño José
Published: September 2021

A través de estas reflexiones el autor nos sitúa ante el desafío de considerar la esencia del cristianismo como algo que escapa al atajo de la abstracción. La verdad en la Biblia es la fidelidad a la Alianza, el amor y la compasión a los pobres, ser refugio del despatriado. De hecho, el Decálogo (como más tarde las Bienaventuranzas) nos propone un conjunto de relaciones que vienen a restituir la herida provocada por la pretensión de la humanidad de llevar adelante las cosas construyendo los ídolos que derivan de la autodivinización.

La tensión entre la verdad como un conjunto de preceptos desencarnados y como relación sanada con nuestro entorno llevó inevitablemente a un conflicto entre la conservación metafísica del dogma y el compromiso histórico del testimonio.

De este modo la existencia concreta de Jesús de Nazaret, el ungido de Dios, es la esencia del cristianismo que se universaliza no por abstracción, sino por la comunicación de la vida de la gracia en el Espíritu.
La esencia del cristianismo en la pastoral y magisterio de la Iglesia
Authors: Forte Bruno
Published: September 2021

El artículo presenta la esencia del cristianismo (Dios es amor) en la enseñanza de la fe y en el ministerio pastoral de la Iglesia. Frente a las contribuciones de la Modernidad, el «amor infeliz» de Feuerbach y el «amor intimista y conciliador» de Harnack, la propuesta de Guardini (el «amor desde arriba») mantiene su vigor actual incluso en nuestro tiempo postmoderno, pues la revelación trinitaria trasciende la misma historia y el abismo humano tanto en su forma ideológica como totalitaria.
Diagnosis of the allergy and hypersensitivity: leading value of cell-like methods
Authors: Novikov P. , Novikov D. , Titova N.
Published: September 2021

An assessment of the modern methods of diagnosis of an allergy, the level of development of the modern technologies in medicine which can provide the complete diagnosis of allergic diseases is given, reveal type and the mechanism of a hypersensitivity, an organism sensitization to causal significantly allergen, by means of specific allergological inspection of in vivo. The role of the modern cell-like methods capable to reveal of an allergy and hypersensitivity, a possibility of their application in clinics and laboratories is shown.