bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
 Perfil antropométrico de usuários hipertensos de um programa de saúde do homem / Anthropometric profile of hypertensive users of a health program for men
Authors: Gama Glicia Gleide Gonçalves , Portela Pollyana Pereira , Gonsalves Eulália Cristina Leal de Oliveira , Azevedo Sheila Queiroz Rios de , Pires Claudia Geovana Da Silva , Mussi Fernanda Carneiro
Published: August 2016

Estudo descritivo, exploratório e transversal que objetivou avaliar os parâmetros antropométricos de homens hipertensos acompanhados em um programa de saúde do homem. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de outubro a dezembro de 2013, através de entrevista com aplicação de um instrumento estruturado. Os dados foram processados e analisados no programa estatístico SPSS 18.0 for Windows. Os resultados foram analisados em números absolutos, percentuais, médias e desvio padrão e apresentados em tabelas. Foram entrevistados 75 homens, apresentaram média de idade de 58,98 (±9,08) anos. Predominaram autodeclarados pardos (68,0%), casados/união consensual (70,7%), escolaridade até o 1º Grau (43,3%), situação laboral ativa (52,0%) e renda familiar de 1 a 2 salários mínimos (52,0%). Verificou-se que 84,0% dos homens apresentaram circunferência da cintura aumentada; 89,3% foram classificados em risco moderado a muito alto para o padrão da razão cintura quadril e 72% dos homens estavam com excesso de peso. Conclui-se que os homens hipertensos estão, em sua maioria, com valores de índices antropométricos inadequados para saúde. Para que estratégias de cuidado sejam efetivas, o contexto social, as crenças em saúde inerentes a este gênero e a perspectiva que possuem para o cuidado de si merecem atenção dos profissionais de saúde..
 Fatores de risco e complicações em usuários cadastrados no hiperdia de São José do Rio Preto/Risk factors and complications among patients registered in the hiperdia in São José do Rio Preto
Authors: Reis Andréia Francesli Negri , Cesarino Claudia Bernardi
Published: August 2016

As condições crônicas ocupam lugar de destaque entre os problemas de saúde pública, representando as principais causas de internações e mortalidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar variáveis sociodemográficas, fatores de risco e complicações dos usuários cadastrados no Sistema de Cadastramento e Acompanhamento de Hipertensos e Diabéticos (HIPERDIA) de São José do Rio Preto. Trata-se de estudo descritivo transversal que utilizou dados secundários, no qual foram estudados 45.723 cadastrados no HIPERDIA de 2002 a 2012. A análise estatística foi realizada de forma univariada (teste qui quadrado). Destes, 31.547(69%) eram hipertensos, 2867(6,27%) diabéticos e 11.309 (24,73%)  hipertensos e diabéticos. A maioria era feminina, idade média 59 ± 13,8 anos, ensino fundamental incompleto, branca,  e conviviam com companheiro(a) e filhos. Observou-se associação estatisticamente significante das condições clinicas com:  fatores de risco; tabagismo e Sedentarismo (p<0,0001) com Diabetes e Hipertensão com diabetes; Sobrepeso (p<0,0001) nas três condições clínicas e antecedentes Familiares (p<0,0001) com  hipertensão e diabetes; com as  complicações: Outras coronariopatias, Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio e Doença Renal (p < 0,01) com as três condições clínicas; e Acidente Vascular Cerebral (p<0,0001) na diabetes e diabetes com hipertensão. 59,57% apresentavam fator de risco e 16,58% complicações. Os dados deste estudo darão subsídios para elaborar estratégias de intervenções na melhoria do atendimento aos hipertensos e diabeticos prevenindo assim as complicações.
 O uso de tecido flanelado sobre incubadoras: repercussão nos níveis de ruído/The use of incubator covers: repercussion on noise levels
Authors: Miranda Andreza Monforte , Scochi Carmen Gracinda Silvan , Santos Cláudia Benedita dos , Zamberlan Nelma Ellen , Fonseca Luciana Mara Monti , Leite Adriana Moraes
Published: August 2016

Avaliar a efetividade do uso de um tecido flanelado sobre a cúpula das incubadoras na diminuição do nível de pressão sonora (NPS) decorrente da presença do pulso oxímetro e da bomba de infusão em funcionamento e seus alarmes soando. Estudo quase-experimental em que foram mensurados os níveis de pressão sonora de 20 incubadoras, divididas em três grupos conforme a marca, modelo, tempo de uso, com os equipamentos em funcionamento e como soar dos alarmes sobre suas cúpulas, com e sem tecido flanelado. Ao soar o alarme do pulso oxímetro, somente no grupo 1 houve redução significativa dos níveis com o uso do tecido. O uso do tecido aumentou significativamente os níveis produzidos pelo funcionamento da bomba de infusão nos grupos 1 e 3. Ao soar do alarme da bomba de infusão, houve redução significativa de níveis com o uso do tecido nos grupos 2 e 3. Conclui-se que o uso do tecido flanelado, embora tenha reduzido os níveis em algumas situações, não atingiu níveis sonoros seguros e não deve ser utilizado como estratégia de redução de ruído e os equipamentos não devem permanecer sobre a cúpula.
 Música como tecnologia na prevenção do câncer de colo uterino / Music as technology in cervical cancer prevention
Authors: Paula Priscila Fontenele de , Anjos Saiwori De Jesus Silva Bezerra dos , Sousa Carla Suellen Pires de , Pinheiro Patrícia Neyva Da Costa , Pinheiro Ana Karina Bezerra , Aquino Priscila De Souza
Published: August 2016

Objetivou-se relatar a experiência da composição de uma música popular como tecnologia de apoio à prevenção do câncer de colo uterino. Trata-se de um relato de experiência acerca do processo de construção da música intitulada Mulheres e o exame preventivo de câncer de colo uterino, composta em parceria com um cantor popular, a fim de orientar e empoderar as mulheres quanto às práticas preventivas adequadas do câncer de colo uterino. A composição da música ocorreu em três momentos: identificação do perfil da população alvo e escolha das temáticas a serem abordadas; reunião com um cantor popular e composição da música; apresentação da música a docentes do curso de Pós-Graduação e a um grupo de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde para avaliação. A criação de uma música como estratégia educacional em saúde para mulheres na prevenção do câncer cervical foi uma experiência engrandecedora para os compositores e vem a se mostrar como uma possibilidade de propiciar, de forma lúdica, a reflexão de questões inerentes à temática. Estimula-se o uso de tecnologias educativas, como a música, na realização de atividades interativas, reflexivas e de participação popular.
 Programa de apoio telefônico para o monitoramento do Diabetes Mellitus: satisfação e controle glicêmico / Telephone support program for monitoring Diabetes Mellitus: satisfaction and glycemic control
Authors: Olivatto Gabriela Marsola , Teixeira Carla Regina de Souza , Pereira Marta Cristiane Alves , Becker Tânia Alves Canata , Marques Jennifer Vieira Paschoalin , Hodniki Paula Parisi
Published: August 2016

Pretendeu-se, com este estudo, identificar a satisfação e controle glicêmico das pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2, após a participação em um programa de monitoramento com suporte telefônico, utilizando o modelo de cuidado crônico. Trata-se de estudo do tipo observacional e transversal. Para a obtenção dos dados, foi utilizado um questionário contendo variáveis sociodemográficas, variável clínica da hemoglobina glicada e uma escala de satisfação, com dois grupos distintos, um monitorizado por telefone e outro não. O grupo que obteve o melhor controle da hemoglobina glicada foi aquele em que houve apoio e acompanhamento telefônico para o monitoramento do diabetes. A maioria dos pacientes mostrou-se satisfeita com as ligações recebidas, após um processo educativo por telefone, o que corrobora evidências como o cuidado e acolhimento que o usuário recebe do serviço de saúde para o uso dessa tecnologia em diabetes.
 O mundo do trabalho e as pessoas estomizadas: percepções e sentimentos/Working life and stomized people: perceptions and feelings
Authors: Teixeira Flávia Nascimento , Souza Norma Valéria Dantas de Oliveira , Dos Santos Silva Patrícia Alves , Maurício Vanessa Cristina , Costa Carolina Cabral Pereira da , Andrade Karla Biancha Silva de
Published: August 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a percepção das pessoas com estoma de eliminação sobre sua inclusão no mundo do trabalho. Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, exploratória, realizada num hospital fluminense. Participaram do estudo sete estomizados, que frequentavam um grupo de apoio da instituição. A coleta ocorreu em agosto e setembro de 2013 por meio da entrevista semiestruturada. Utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo para tratamento dos dados. Verificou-se que os participantes tinham sentimentos dialéticos em relação ao estoma, configurando-se como um elemento que salva vida, mas resulta em sofrimento psíquico por ocasionar uma forte ruptura no estilo de vida. Também se contatou sentimentos contraditórios em relação ao trabalho, pois ao mesmo tempo em que ele origina sentimento de utilidade e de inclusão social, também resulta em sentimento de medo da rejeição social. Conclui-se que as dificuldades de inclusão laboral percorrem as dimensões biopsicossociais desta população, carecendo de uma assistência integral e multiprofissional.
 O processo de trabalho na Atenção Primária à Saúde no cuidado da criança/ The process of work in Primary Health Care to children
Authors: Finkler Anna Luíza , Toso Beatriz Rosana Gonçalves de Oliveira , Viera Cláudia Silveira , Obregón Phallcha Luízar , Rodrigues Rosa Maria
Published: August 2016

Na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), o cuidado realizado pela equipe de trabalhadores deve responder às necessidades de saúde dos diversos grupos sociais. Objetivou-se apreender o processo de trabalho de equipes da atenção primária vinculadas a unidades básicas de saúde tradicionais e da estratégia saúde da família. Estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, cujos dados foram obtidos em duas unidades de APS por meio da técnica de observação não participante, no período de dois meses, um em cada unidade de saúde, com registro das observações em diário de campo. Os dados foram analisados de acordo com os preceitos da análise temática. Os resultados foram discutidos em duas unidades temáticas: o trabalho em equipe na APS e enfoque do trabalho predominante na APS, as quais indicam a existência de um trabalho fragmentado e centrado nos profissionais em ambos os modelos assistenciais. Os problemas na organização do processo de trabalho em saúde tendem a dificultar o cuidado à saúde da criança na APS, com impactos negativos na resolutividade.
Percepções de homens trabalhadores sobre suas necessidades de saúde em um serviço universitário de saúde/ Men's workers perceptions about their health needs in a university health service
Authors: Silva Luanna Arruda , Corrêa Áurea Christina De Paula , Anschau Xavier Oliveira Jeane Cristina , Rodrigues Tayani Campos , Divino Eveline Do Amor
Published: August 2016

Estudo exploratório que buscou conhecer as percepções de homens sobre as suas necessidades em saúde, se elas são atendidas pelos serviços de atenção primária de saúde, bem como as razões que os fizeram buscar atendimento em um serviço universitário de saúde. Foram realizadas cinco entrevistas semiestruturadas com homens, nas quais eles foram questionados sobre como percebiam o atendimento às suas necessidades em saúde nas unidades primárias de saúde e o porquê de estarem fazendo uso de um serviço institucional universitário, ao invés de utilizarem a Atenção Primária. Após a análise temática dos dados, emergiram três categorias: “Dificuldade de acesso às unidades básicas em função da necessidade de manutenção de um emprego fixo”; “O desejo de ser bem acolhido e criar vínculo com os profissionais no serviço de saúde” e “A garantia de atendimento individualizado”, que leve em consideração as suas particularidades enquanto homem. A realização deste estudo possibilitou evidenciar a necessidade de qualificação profissional e reorganização do funcionamento do serviço de saúde para o atendimento à população masculina, com vistas a atender suas reais necessidades de saúde, considerando, para tanto, questões relativas ao gênero masculino.
Thermal and Optical Properties of Glycine Crystals with Additives of Nitrates
Authors: Gujarati Vivek P. , Deshpande M.P. , Patel Kamakshi , Patel Kiran N. , Chaki S.H.
Published: August 2016

Semi-organic crystals of Glycine Sodium nitrate Calcium nitrate (GSC) with two different molar ratios were grown using slow evaporation technique. Crystals of size 22 × 16 mm were obtained within time period of 3-4 weeks at ambient temperature. The compositional study and purity of the crystals were determined using Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) and CHN Analyzer. Surface of the crystals was studied at micrometer scale with optical microscopy. These crystals were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and indexing of diffraction pattern was done based on monoclinic system. We also studied thermal properties of these crystals using TGA/DTA/DTG analysis. From UV-Vis spectra we could observe wide transparency window from these crystals in the visible region, which can be useful for opto-electronic applications.
Effect of Heating Time Duration on Synthesis of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Patel Kamakshi , Deshpande M.P. , Gujarati Vivek P. , Chaki S.H.
Published: August 2016

Size-controlled silver nanoparticles are prepared at two different heating time duration (30 and 60min) under conventional heating at 80 ̊C in an aqueous solution of silver nitrate (AgNO3) as a precursor and trisodium citrate (C6H5O7Na3.2H2O) as a reducing agent under continuous stirring. The size and size distribution of the resulting silver nanoparticles prepared under conventional heating are strongly dependent on the duration of heating. As the heating duration is increased, aggregation and grain growth is observed. When duration of heating was 60min a distinct increase in the particles size was observed that lead to shift in the plasmon band as confirmed by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. TEM images shows that silver nanoparticles are nearly spherical in shape and their sizes are ranging between 2-42 nm and their cubic structure was confirmed by X-ray diffractogram. From X-ray diffractogram we calculated crystallite size using Scherrer’s equation which comes out to about 36nm and that determined from Hall-Williamson plot turns out to be 19nm.
Ab Initio Calculations of Dielectric Function of Bimetallic Linear Atomic Chains of Au-Pd
Authors: Dave Mudra R. , Sharma A.C.
Published: August 2016

The electronic and optical properties of bimetallic single atomic linear chains of Au-Pd have been investigated within Density functional theory frame work. Dielectric matrix has been computed within random phase approximation for atomic chains with different compositions. The results of bimetallic atomic chains of Au-Pd are compared with the pristine Au and Pd atomic chains. It has been found that doping the pristine chains affects the real and imaginary part of dielectric function which is greatly dependent on the composition of bimetallic chains.
Structural, Electronic and Elastic Properties of Neptunium Bismuthide (NpBi)
Authors: Makode Chandrabhan , Aynyas Mahendra , Pataiya Jagdeesh , Singh Archana , Sanyal Sankar P.
Published: August 2016

The electronic, elastic and mechanical properties of neptunium bismuthide have been studied systematically using first principles density functional theory within generalized gradient approximation. Ground state properties such as lattice constant (a0), bulk modulus (B), its pressure derivative (B′) and elastic constants are calculated. The present results are in good agreement with the experimental and other available theoretical results. Poisson’s ratio (σ), Young’s moduli (E), shear moduli (GH) and the ratio of elastic anisotropy factor (A) are also estimated.
Influence of Nano-Filler Concentration on Transport Properties of PVA-PEO Blend Systems
Authors: Joge Prajakta , Kanchan Dinesh K.
Published: August 2016

In the present study, two different PVA-PEO nanocomposite blend polymer electrolyte systems viz., System-I: [(PVA)(42.5):(PEO)(42.5):(AgNO3)(5):(PEG)(10):(Al2O3)(x)] and System-II: [(PVA)(47):(PEO)(47):(LiCF3SO3)(9):(EC)(6):(Al2O3)(x)] are prepared using solution cast technique for various Al2O3 nanofiller amounts ranging from 2 to 10 wt%. The influence of Al2O3 concentration on the transport properties of the electrolytes of both these systems is closely inspected. Here, the ionic transport number (ti) measurements of the blend specimens are carried out using ‘dc Polarization Technique’.
Comparative Study on Multifunctional Behaviors of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 and La0.7Ca0.24Sr0.06MnO3 Single Crystals
Authors: Tank Tejas M. , Bhargav Abhinav , Mukovskii Yakov M. , Sanyal Sankar P.
Published: August 2016

We report the electrical-transport, magneto-transport, and magnetic properties of the hole doped La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 (LCMO) and La0.7Ca0.24Sr0.06MnO3 (LCSMO) single crystals, prepared using floating zone technique. The resistivity data shows the metal to insulator transition (TMI) occurs at 211 K and 290 K for LCMO and LCSMO single crystals respectively. The electrical transport mechanisms of these crystals are investigated by using different theoretical models, for temperatures below and above TMI. The magnetization measurements show that these single crystals exhibit ferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition temperature (TC) at 208 K for LCMO and 273 K for LCSMO single crystals. From device application point of view, both samples show the maximum MR of 98% for LCMO and 80% for LCSMO at 8 T applied magnetic field, while for bolometer IR detectors application point of view the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) are found to ~17% K-1 and 28% K-1 for LCMO and LCSMO respectively.
Thermoluminescence Behavior under Different Mega Voltage of Aluminates Based Phosphor
Authors: Selot Anupam , Aynyas Mahendra , Bhatt Sanjay
Published: August 2016

Phosphor material CaYAl3O7 with transition metal Mn2+ were prepared by combustion method at 500°C. The prepared phosphor material characterized for their crystallinity and nature by powder XRD and FTIR. For the thermoluminescecne study, the samples irradiated with 6MeV and 16 MeV. In this voltage phosphor exhibit TL spectra at 1900c that corresponding to dosimetric peak. From the observations and detailed kinetic parameter study shows that phosphor can be act as dosimeter.
Temperature Dependent Structural Properties of Liquid Ga
Authors: Patel Amit B. , Bhatt Nisarg K. , Thakore Brijmohan Y.
Published: August 2016

We present the calculation of structural properties for liquid Ga at different temperatures using pseudopotential theory. The temperature dependence of structure factor has been determined using the hard-sphere Percus-Yevick approximation which is characterized by single parameter hard sphere diameter or equivalently packing fraction. The temperature dependent hard-sphere diameter σ (T) is estimated using criterion from the calculated effective pair potential. The modified empty-core pseudopotential due to Hasegawa et al. (J. Non-Cryst. Solids. 117/118 (1990) 300), which is valid for all electrons and contains the repulsive delta function to achieve the necessary s-pseudisation is used for electron–ion interaction. The temperature effects have been studied via dimensionless damping term and potential parameter in the pair potential. Finally, the predicted results for structure factor, pair correlation function and coordination numbers have been compared with recent available data, and a good agreement has been achieved.
Influence of Swift Heavy O7+ Ion Irradiation on Conductivity and Relaxation Dynamics of Two Different Blends of PVA:PEO:LiCF3SO3:EC System
Authors: Joge Prajakta , Kanchan Dinesh K. , Sharma Poonam , Jayswal Manish , Awasthi D.K.
Published: August 2016

In the present work, the variation in conductivity (σdc) and relaxation properties of two different blends i.e. Blend-1: [PVA(47.5):PEO(47.5):(LiCF3SO3)5:(EC)8] and Blend-2: [PVA(47):PEO(47):(LiCF3SO3)5:(EC)6] of PVA:PEO:LiCF3SO3:EC system, with respect to various fluences of swift heavy O7+ ion radiations ranging from 1x1011 to 3x1012 ions/cm2, is investigated in detail. Here, (i) the behavior of relaxation time (τ) calculated from M” vs. log f curves and (ii) the scaling of imaginary part of modulus (M”), is studied thoroughly for various fluences. The investigation thus, provides an insight regarding the effect of O7+ ion radiations on the relaxation dynamics of both the blends.
Chironomidae larvae from the lower Athabasca River, AB, Canada and its tributaries including macroscopic subfamily and tribe keys, indices for environmental tolerance and trait-based information for biomonitoring
Authors: Namayandeh A. , Culp J.M.
Published: August 2016

Since 2011 the Joint Oil Sands Monitoring (JOSM) program has been conducted in the lower Athabasca River by the Governments of Canada and Alberta to assess the freshwater health in areas associated with oil sands development. The majority of the benthic invertebrate assemblage of the Athabasca River and its tributaries are Chironomidae larvae. Assessments of such benthic assemblages are made difficult because the identification of Chironomidae larvae is costly and time consuming. To facilitate this identification process, we aimed to develop a simple taxonomic key for Chironomidae larvae of this region. This taxonomic reference and identification key makes use of the known taxonomic details on these Chironomidae species. Moreover, we provide details on their geographical distribution, ecology, habitats, environmental tolerance values for species, and traitbased morphological characters. Our main goal was to make this information readily available to both non-specialists and specialists so that biomonitoring programs can more readily utilize these organisms in biomonitoring.
Ameliorative effect of gallic acid on methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rat
Authors: Olayinka Ebenezer Tunde , Ore Ayokanmi , Adeyemo Oluwatobi Adewumi , Ola Olaniyi Solomon
Published: August 2016

We investigated the protective effect of gallic acid (GA) against methotrexate (MTX)-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Male Wistar rats were randomized into five groups (n = 6/group): I, control; II, MTX-treated for seven days; III, pre-treated with GA for seven days, followed by MTX for seven days; IV, co-treated with MTX and GA for seven days and V, GA for seven days. MTX caused a significant increase (P<0.05) in plasma biomarkers of nephrotoxicity (urea, creatinine) and hepatotoxicity (Bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase) when compared with control. Furthermore, MTX caused a significant decrease in the activities of hepatic enzymic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase) and nonenzymic antioxidants (Vitamin C and glutathione), followed by a significant increase in hepatic malondialdehyde content. However, pretreatment and co-treatment with gallic acid ameliorated the MTX-induced biochemical changes observed. Taken together, GA protected against MTX-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats, by reducing the impact of oxidative damage to tissues.
A narrative investigation on the motivation to become an entrepreneur among a sample of black entrepreneurs in South Africa: Implications for entrepreneurship career development education
Authors: Chinyamurindi Willie T.
Published: August 2016

Orientation: To understand the motivation into becoming an entrepreneur. This has the basis for informing entrepreneurship career development education.Research purpose: The study sought to understand what motivates an individual into becoming an entrepreneur.Motivation for the study: Entrepreneurship offers an opportunity as a career choice. By studying the factors that motivate an individual to become an entrepreneur, insights could be provided on how to motivate the opportunities in entrepreneurship for current and future entrepreneurs.Research design, approach and method: The research made use of the qualitative approach based on studying narratives and stories of 13 black entrepreneurs. The data were sourced from a popular television show in South Africa that showcases the lives of successful South Africans, including entrepreneurs.Main findings: Motivation in becoming an entrepreneur is framed by individuals through a broad theme of opportunity. Three main sub-themes emerge under this main theme of opportunity: (a) entrepreneurship: an opportunity out of struggle; (b) entrepreneurship: an opportunity for individual self-development and (c) entrepreneurship: an opportunity for service.Practical/managerial implications: Lecturers and facilitators in the field of entrepreneurship career development education can use the findings of this research in their teaching practice in motivating students to consider entrepreneurship as a career choice.Contribution/value add: The findings from this research provide useful suggestions in helping lecturers and facilitators, especially within a university setting at the undergraduate level. The end desire here is to position entrepreneurship not just as a theoretical construct, but as an individual option that can be a career choice.
Truth and falsehood in Judith: A Greimassian contribution
Authors: Hobyane Risimati Synod
Published: August 2016

Narratives are never meant to be neutral in their rhetorical intent. They have power not onlyto reveal realities and prevail worldviews but also to create new realities and new worldviewsby refuting illusions and falsehood, and affirming the truth. The Judith narrative is a goodexample for the exploration of this claim. This article contributes by employing the thematiclevel of analysis, the veridictory square in particular, of the Greimassian approach to narratives,to map out the possible illusions and affirming the truth within the second temple Judaism.The study of the veridictory square as informed by the level of analysis, mentioned above,seems to persuade the reader by first, extracting the truth from illusion and thereafter exposingand shaming falsehood in Judith. Subsequently, the article asserts that Judith is not neutral in itsintent but was designed to deal with illusive ideas that might have been impacting the wellbeingof the second temple Judaism.
De opstanding van Lazarus (Johannes 10:40–12:11): Bijbelse echo’s in Lazarus is dead (2011) van Richard Beard
Authors: Weren Wim
Published: August 2016

This article discusses the relationship between the modern novel of Beard and John’s storiesabout Lazarus and Jesus, and wants to give answers to three questions: (1) how is the Lazarusstory in John interpreted by Beard?; (2) what meaning does John’s story have within its ownliterary and cultural setting?; (3) what similarities and differences are there between Beard’sinterpretation and the original meaning of the Johannine story? Questions 1 and 2 require anintratextual analysis, which focuses on the structure and meaning lines in each of the two texts.Then follows an intertextual analysis which in this article is particularly aimed at comparingthe contents of the concepts/ death/ and/ live/ in the Fourth Gospel with the ways in whichthese concepts are semantically coloured in Beard’s book. Studying echoes from the Bible inmodern literary contexts can explain how the rich potential of meaning of biblical texts isbeing unlocked in new texts, time and time again, but can also help us to read the Bible withnew eyes through the lens of modern culture.
Prevalence and determinants of dental anxiety among adult population in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Bashiru Braimoh Omoigberai , Omotola Owoturo Enere
Published: August 2016

Objectives: Dental anxiety is a significant determinant of regular dental visits. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence and determinants of dental anxiety among adult patients at the dental center of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Subjects and Methods: A total of 390 respondents aged 16-89-year-old were interviewed for the study. The Participants were selected through a predetermined sequence of systematic random sampling and completed a questionnaire based on the Coral Dental Anxiety Scale (CDAS). Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0 (SPSS version 20, IBM Statistics, New York, USA) and means compared using Student′s t-test and analysis of variance. Results: The prevalence of dental anxiety (CDAS ≥ 13) in the study population was 8.7% (n = 34), and the overall mean and standard deviation of CDAS was 7.81 ± 2.50. The total mean dental anxiety score and mean for each item were significantly higher in females than in males (t = 6.17 P = 0.016). There was a significant decrease in mean CDAS score with age (F = 14.51, P = 0.005). Mean CDAS score was significantly higher in respondents without formal education than those with formal education (t = 7.41, P = 0.005). The mean CDAS scores for root canal therapy were 9.66 ± 3.16; extraction, 8.84 ± 2.33; filling, 6.45 ± 2.81; and scaling, 5.12 ± 1.87. The highest and lowest means were not significantly different (t = 2.73, P = 0.07). Conclusion: The prevalence of dental anxiety in the study sample was low. Whereas dental anxiety was significantly associated with age, gender, and educational status, there was no significant relationship between dental anxiety and type of dental treatment.
Association of dental caries experience with individual and contextual variables in Brazilian children
Authors: Brizon Valeria Silva Cândido , Rojas Gabriela Christiel Soto , Ambrosano Glaucia Maria Bovi , Guerra Luciane Miranda , Pereira Antonio Carlos
Published: August 2016

Context: There is a trend toward reduction in the caries index in populations of schoolchildren in developed and developing countries. In spite of this reduction, 53.4% Brazilian children present caries experience in primary dentition. Aims: To evaluate the association between dental caries experience in 5-year-old Brazilian and individual and contextual variables. Settings and Design: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted. Materials and Methods: Data of a national oral health epidemiological survey - SB Brazil 2010 were taken. The outcome studied was caries experience measured by the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) index. The independent variables were classified into individual (sex, occlusion, treatment need, number of persons′ resident in the home, number of bedrooms in the residence, number of goods/assets, and family income) and contextual (family financial aid grand, national health system performance index (Índice de Desempenho do Sistema Único de Saúde [IDSUS]), Gross National Product, per capita, Human Development Index, and fluoridated water) variables. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were initially analyzed by the Chi-square test, then was applied the multilevel model. Results: Only the contextual variable that evaluates access and quality of public services (IDSUS) was observed to affect the children′s dmft index. The individual variables: male sex (P = 0.0005), occlusion (P = 0.0437), dental treatment need (P < 0.0001), number of persons′ resident in the home (P < 0.0001), number of bedrooms in the residence (P = 0.0152), number of goods/assets (P = 0.0147), and family income (P = 0.0044) were significant. Conclusions: There is an impact of social determinants on health at individual level but only the IDSUS contextual variable was associated with dmft. Are necessary development public policies to deal with caries with a focus on these determinants?
Chromatic and surface alterations in enamel subjected to brushing with desensitizing whitening toothpaste
Authors: de Melo Monteiro Gabriela Queiroz , de Oliveira Isabelle Lins Macedo , de Brito Oscar Felipe Fonseca , Guedes Brunna Paredes , de Amorim Marina Schuler Mello Lula , Maia Ana Marly Araujo
Published: August 2016

Aim: This study evaluated the chromatic and surface changes on enamel after toothbrushing with whitening and desensitizing toothpaste. Materials and Methods: Sixty enamel blocks were prepared, pigmented, and stratified according to initial Knoop microhardness and divided into six groups. The average roughness (Ra) was determined from two readings. After 24 h in artificial saliva, 10,000 cycles of simulated brushing were applied. The Ra was measured after 5000 and 10,000 cycles, and tooth wear was determined. The mean roughness was evaluated, and tooth color was recorded before and after treatment. Results: Brushing with dentifrices increased the roughness of enamel in all groups. It was lower for Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief + Bleaching, Colgate maximum protection anti-caries, and the control group. Greater roughness was observed in dentifrices containing silica. Greater wear was found with Sensodyne bleaching extra fresh and in the control group. The best bleaching effect was found with Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief + Bleaching. Colgate Sensitive Whitening, Oral-B Pro-Health Whitening, and Sensodyne Whitening Extra Fresh showed major changes on surface roughness. Conclusion: The physical characteristics of the minerals of the toothpaste appear to be the major determinant of dental abrasion, not their quantity or whitening capacity, or rather their ability to remove enamel surface stains.
Impacts of current and projected oil palm plantation expansion on air
quality over Southeast Asia
Authors: Silva Sam J. , Heald Colette L. , Geddes Jeffrey A. , Austin Kemen G. , Kasibhatla Prasad S. , Marlier Miriam E.
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Over recent decades oil palm plantations have rapidly expanded across Southeast Asia (SEA). According to the United Nations, oil palm production in SEA increased by a factor of 3 from 1995 to 2010. We investigate the impacts of current (2010) and near-term future (2020) projected oil palm expansion in SEA on surface–atmosphere exchange and the resulting air quality in the region. For this purpose, we use satellite data, high-resolution land maps, and the chemical transport model GEOS-Chem. Relative to a no oil palm plantation scenario (∼ 1990), overall simulated isoprene emissions in the region increased by 13 % due to oil palm plantations in 2010 and a further 11 % in the near-term future. In addition, the expansion of palm plantations leads to local increases in ozone deposition velocities of up to 20 %. The net result of these changes is that oil palm expansion in SEA increases surface O3 by up to 3.5 ppbv over dense urban regions, and in the near-term future could rise more than 4.5 ppbv above baseline levels. Biogenic secondary organic aerosol loadings also increase by up to 1 µg m−3 due to oil palm expansion, and could increase by a further 2.5 µg m−3 in the near-term future. Our analysis indicates that while the impact of recent oil palm expansion on air quality in the region has been significant, the retrieval error and sensitivity of the current constellation of satellite measurements limit our ability to observe these impacts from space. Oil palm expansion is likely to continue to degrade air quality in the region in the coming decade and hinder efforts to achieve air quality regulations in major urban areas such as Kuala Lumpur and Singapore.
Significant increase of summertime ozone at Mount Tai in Central Eastern
China
Authors: Sun Lei , Xue Likun , Wang Tao , Gao Jian , Ding Aijun , Cooper Owen R. , Lin Meiyun , Xu Pengju , Wang Zhe , Wang Xinfeng , Wen Liang , Zhu Yanhong , Chen Tianshu , Yang Lingxiao , Wang Yan , Chen Jianmin , Wang Wenxing
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a trace gas playing important roles in atmospheric chemistry, air quality and climate change. In contrast to North America and Europe, long-term measurements of surface O3 are very limited in China. We compile available O3 observations at Mt. Tai – the highest mountain over the North China Plain – during 2003–2015 and analyze the decadal change of O3 and its sources. A linear regression analysis shows that summertime O3 measured at Mt. Tai has increased significantly by 1.7 ppbv yr−1 for June and 2.1 ppbv yr−1 for the July–August average. The observed increase is supported by a global chemistry-climate model hindcast (GFDL-AM3) with O3 precursor emissions varying from year to year over 1980–2014. Analysis of satellite data indicates that the O3 increase was mainly due to the increased emissions of O3 precursors, in particular volatile organic compounds (VOCs). An important finding is that the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) have diminished since 2011, but the increase of VOCs appears to have enhanced the ozone production efficiency and contributed to the observed O3 increase in central eastern China. We present evidence that controlling NOx alone, in the absence of VOC controls, is not sufficient to reduce regional O3 levels in North China in a short period.
Uncertainty and variability in atmospheric formation of PFCAs
Authors: Thackray Colin P. , Selin Noelle E.
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) are environmental contaminants that are highly persistent, bio-accumulative, and have been detected along with their atmospheric precursors far from emissions sources. The importance of precursor emissions as an indirect source of PFCAs to the environment is uncertain. Modeling studies have used degradation mechanisms of differing complexities to estimate the atmospheric production of PFCAs, and these differing mechanisms lead to quantitatively different yields of PFCAs under differing atmospheric conditions. We evaluate PFCA formation with the most complete degradation mechanism to date to our knowledge, using a box model analysis to simulate the atmospheric chemical fate of precursors to long-chain PFCAs. We calculate long-chain PFCA formation theoretical maximum yields for the degradation of precursor species at a representative sample of atmospheric conditions from a three dimensional chemical transport model, and estimate uncertainties in such calculations for urban, ocean, and Arctic conditions using polynomial chaos methods. We find that atmospheric conditions farther from pollution sources have both higher capacities to form long chain PFCAs and higher uncertainties in those capacities. Our calculations of theoretical maximum yields indicate that under typical Northern Hemisphere conditions, less than 10 % of emitted precursor may reach long-chain PFCA end products. This results in a possible upper bound of 2–50 t/yr of long-chain PFCA (depending on quantity of emitted precursor) produced in the atmosphere via degradation of fluorotelomer products. However, transport to high-yield areas could result in higher yields. While the atmosphere is a potentially growing source of long-chain PFCAs in the Arctic, oceanic transport and interactions between the atmosphere and ocean may be relatively more important pathways to the Arctic for long-chain PFCAs.
Improving PM2.5 forecast over China by the joint adjustment of
initial conditions and source emissions with an ensemble Kalman
Authors: Peng Zhen , Liu Zhiquan , Chen Dan , Ban Junmei
Published: August 2016

Abstract. In an attempt to improve the forecasting of atmospheric aerosols, the ensemble square root filter algorithm was extended to simultaneously optimize the chemical initial conditions and emission input. The forecast model, which was expanded by combining the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model and a forecast model of emission scaling factors, generated both chemical concentration fields and emission scaling factors. The forecast model of emission scaling factors was developed by associating the time smoothing operator with WRF-Chem forecast chemical concentrations. Hourly surface fine particulate matter (PM2.5) observations were assimilated over China from 5 to 16 October 2014. A series of 48-h forecasts were then carried out with the optimized initial conditions and emissions on each day at 0000 UTC and a control experiment was performed without data assimilation. The results showed that the forecasts with the optimized initial conditions and emissions typically outperformed those from the control experiment. In the Yangtze River delta and the Pearl River delta regions, large reduction of the Root Mean Square Errors (RMSEs) was obtained for almost the entire 48-h forecast range attributed to assimilation. Especially, the relative reduction in RMSE due to assimilation was about 40 % at nighttime when WRF-Chem performed comparatively worse. In the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, relatively smaller improvements were achieved in the first 24-h forecast.
Aerosol absorption retrieval at ultraviolet wavelengths in a
complex environment
Authors: Kazadzis Stelios , Raptis Panagiotis Ι. , Kouremeti Natalia , Amiridis Vassilis , Arola Antti , Gerasopoulos Evangelos , Schuster Gregory L.
Published: August 2016

Abstract. We have used total and diffuse UV irradiance measurements with a multi-filter rotating shadow-band radiometer (UVMFR), in order to calculate aerosol absorption properties (Single Scattering Albedo – SSA) in the UV range, for a 5 years period in Athens, Greece. Τhis data set was used as input to a radiative transfer model and the SSA for 368 nm and 332 nm has been calculated. Retrievals from a collocated CIMEL sun-photometer were used to validate the products and study absorption spectral behavior SSA values at these wavelengths. UVMFR SSA together with synchronous,CIMEL-derived, retrievals at 440 nm, show a mean of 0.90, 0.87 and 0.83, with lowest values (higher absorption) towards lower wavelengths. In addition, noticeable diurnal variations of the SSA in all wavelengths are revealed, with amplitudes in up to 0.05. High SSA wavelength dependence is found for cases of low Ångström exponents and also an SSA decrease with decreasing extinction optical depth, suggesting an effect of the different aerosol composition. Dust and Brown Carbon UV absorbing properties were investigated to understand seasonal variability of the results.
Long-term observations of tropospheric particle number size distributions and equivalent black carbon mass concentrations in the German Ultrafine Aerosol Network (GUAN)
Authors: Birmili Wolfram , Weinhold Kay , Rasch Fabian , Sonntag André , Sun Jia , Merkel Maik , Wiedensohler Alfred , Bastian Susanne , Schladitz Alexander , Löschau Gunter , Cyrys Josef , Pitz Mike , Gu Jianwei , Kusch Thomas , Flentje Harald , Quass Ulrich , Kaminski Heinz , Kuhlbusch Thomas A. J. , Meinhardt Frank , Schwerin Andreas , Bath Olaf , Ries Ludwig , Gerwig Holger , Wirtz Klaus , Fiebig Markus
Published: August 2016

Abstract. The German Ultrafine Aerosol Network (GUAN) is a cooperative atmospheric observation network, which aims at improving the scientific understanding of aerosol-related effects in the troposphere. The network addresses research questions dedicated to both climate- and health-related effects. GUAN's core activity has been the continuous collection of tropospheric particle number size distributions and black carbon mass concentrations at 17 observation sites in Germany. These sites cover various environmental settings including urban traffic, urban background, rural background, and Alpine mountains. In association with partner projects, GUAN has implemented a high degree of harmonisation of instrumentation, operating procedures, and data evaluation procedures. The quality of the measurement data is assured by laboratory intercomparisons as well as on-site comparisons with reference instruments. This paper describes the measurement sites, instrumentation, quality assurance, and data evaluation procedures in the network as well as the EBAS repository, where the data sets can be obtained (doi:10.5072/guan).
Asynchronous communication in spectral-element and discontinuous Galerkin methods for atmospheric dynamics
–
a case study using the High-Order Methods Modeling Environment (HOMME-homme_dg_branch)
Authors: Jamroz Benjamin F. , Klöfkorn Robert
Published: August 2016

Abstract. The scalability of computational applications on current and next-generation supercomputers is increasingly limited by the cost of inter-process communication. We implement non-blocking asynchronous communication in the High-Order Methods Modeling Environment for the time integration of the hydrostatic fluid equations using both the spectral-element and discontinuous Galerkin methods. This allows the overlap of computation with communication, effectively hiding some of the costs of communication. A novel detail about our approach is that it provides some data movement to be performed during the asynchronous communication even in the absence of other computations. This method produces significant performance and scalability gains in large-scale simulations.
Stream restoration and sewers impact sources and fluxes of water, carbon,
and nutrients in urban watersheds
Authors: Pennino Michael J. , Kaushal Sujay S. , Mayer Paul M. , Utz Ryan M. , Cooper Curtis A.
Published: August 2016

Abstract. An improved understanding of sources and timing of water, carbon, and nutrient fluxes associated with urban infrastructure and stream restoration is critical for guiding effective watershed management globally. We investigated how sources, fluxes, and flowpaths of water, carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) shift in response to differences in urban stream restoration and sewer infrastructure. We compared an urban restored stream with two urban degraded streams draining varying levels of urban development and one stream with upland stormwater management systems over a 3-year period. We found that there was significantly decreased peak discharge in response to precipitation events following stream restoration. Similarly, we found that the restored stream showed significantly lower (p < 0.05) monthly peak runoff (9.4 ± 1.0 mm day−1) compared with two urban degraded streams (ranging from 44.9 ± 4.5 to 55.4 ± 5.8 mm day−1) draining higher impervious surface cover, and the stream-draining stormwater management systems and less impervious surface cover in its watershed (13.2 ± 1.9 mm day−1). The restored stream exported most carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus at relatively lower streamflow than the two more urban catchments, which exported most carbon and nutrients at higher streamflow. Annual exports of total carbon (6.6 ± 0.5 kg ha−1 yr−1), total nitrogen (4.5 ± 0.3 kg ha−1 yr−1), and total phosphorus (161 ± 15 kg ha−1 yr−1) were significantly lower in the restored stream compared to both urban degraded streams (p < 0.05), but statistically similar to the stream draining stormwater management systems, for N exports. However, nitrate isotope data suggested that 55 ± 1 % of the nitrate in the urban restored stream was derived from leaky sanitary sewers (during baseflow), statistically similar to the urban degraded streams. These isotopic results as well as additional tracers, including fluoride (added to drinking water) and iodide (contained in dietary salt), suggested that groundwater contamination was a major source of urban nutrient fluxes, which has been less considered compared to upland sources. Overall, leaking sewer pipes are a problem globally and our results suggest that combining stream restoration with restoration of aging sewer pipes can be critical to more effectively minimizing urban nonpoint nutrient sources. The sources, fluxes, and flowpaths of groundwater should be prioritized in management efforts to improve stream restoration by locating hydrologic hot spots where stream restoration is most likely to succeed.