bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Política de dividendos e criação de valor: um estudo no mercado brasileiro
Authors: Silva José Erasmo , Morgan Levi Morgan , Machado Maria José de Camargo Machado , Montebelo Maria Imaculada de Lima Montebelo
Published: January 2019

Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi testar a relação entre a política de dividendos, representada pelos indicadores payout, dividend yield e dividendos a pagar, e a criação ou destruição de valor para o acionista, representada, nesse caso, pelo indicador Economic Value Added (EVA).

Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa teórico-empírica, na qual se buscou por meio de coleta de informações, cálculo de variáveis e testes econométricos atingir o objetivo proposto. A amostra compôs-se de 223 empresas de capital aberto listadas na BM&FBovespa. Levantou-se dados dessas empresas no período de 1º/1/1998 a 31/12/2016, os quais foram analisados por meio do software Stata utilizando dados em painel.

Resultados: No geral, os resultados mostraram que as empresas que retêm maior parcela do lucro criam mais valor para os acionistas, pois minimizam o custo em relação à busca de outras fontes externas de financiamento. Mostraram ainda que a maior parte das empresas analisadas não foram eficientes na criação de valor no período analisado, revalidando assim as hipóteses discutidas em trabalhos anteriores.

Contribuições do Estudo: O trabalho é relevante, pois relaciona uma das decisões mais importantes no contexto empresarial, que é a distribuição dos dividendos, com uma das mais difundidas métricas de verificação de criação de valor, o EVA. Além disso, contribui para o aprofundamento de estudos a respeito de política de dividendos e o EVA, que, mesmo separadamente, configuram um importante tema para as finanças corporativas. Por fim, o estudo permitiu verificar a criação ou destruição de valor durante um longo período de tempo: de 1998 a 2016.
Influência da complexidade organizacional na mensuração dos ativos biológicos das companhias abertas listadas da B3
Authors: Camargo Tiago Francisco de , Zanin Antônio , Moura Geovanne Dias de , Daleaste Juliano Corrêa , Bortoluzzi Citânia Aparecida Pilatti
Published: January 2019

Banco de dados brutos de pesquisa.
Tributação e renda: um estudo a respeito do modelo regressivo de tributação indireta no Brasil
Authors: Silva Barbara Aline Felipe , Miranda Marconi Silva , Reis Anderson De Oliveira , Castro Elizangela Lourdes de
Published: January 2019

Banco de dados brutos de pesquisa.
Resenha do Livro: Balanço orçamentário: o demonstrativo do gestor público e da sociedade. Silva, M. C. (2018). (1a ed). São Paulo, SP: Editora Biblioteca 24Horas, 118 páginas, ISBN: 978-85-4161-083-4.
Authors: Revorêdo Camila Rafaelly Da Silva Câmara
Published: January 2019

A resenha tem o objetivo de apresentar uma síntese das ideais principais do Livro do Professor Maurício Corrêa da Silva, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN, lançado em agosto de 2018, pela Editora Biblioteca 24Horas.
Recent Advances in the System Biology-based Target Identification and Drug Discovery
Authors: Yadav Brijesh Singh , Tripathi Vijay
Published: January 2019

The enormous quantity of publicly available active chemical ligand and biological receptor
data knowledge allows scientists to retreat several open questions by the analysis and systematic integration
of these complex unique data. Systems biology plays a crucial role through the constructive
alignment of bio-physiochemical monitoring of gene, protein along with metabolites from the complex
data. Further, it integrates information within the data and responses (metabolic and signaling pathway)
which lead to the formulation of computational models for the elucidation of structure and function of
the molecular determinant. The system biology methods utilize big complex high throughput data for
the identification of the whole drug target and for the mechanism of action to lead compound characterization.
Nowadays, the system biology is one of the most popular approaches to characterize proteinligand
interaction on a large scale and is vital to address a complex mode of the drug action to clinical
indications. The network of protein-ligand interactions also reveals the correlation between molecular
functions of the cell with their physiological processes which help to design safe and effective ligands
for drug development. Here, we review recent attempts to apply system biology-based approaches with
large-scale network analyses to predict novel interactions of ligand and targets. We also deliver an essential
step involved in the discovery and development of such multi‐target drugs by identifying the
group of proteins targeted by a particular ligand, leading to innovation in therapeutic research.
Role of the Hsp90-Immunophilin Heterocomplex in Cancer Biology
Authors: De Leo Sonia A. , Zgajnar Nadia R. , Mazaira Gisela I. , Erlejman Alejandra G. , Galigniana Mario D.
Published: January 2019

The identification of new factors that may function as cancer markers and become eventual pharmacologic targets is a challenge that may influence the management of tumor development and management. Recent discoveries connecting Hsp90-binding immunophilins with the regulation of signalling events that can modulate cancer progression transform this family of proteins in potential unconventional factors that may impact on the screening and diagnosis of malignant diseases. Immunophilins are molecular chaperones that group a family of intracellular receptors for immunosuppressive compounds. A subfamily of the immunophilin family is characterized by showing structural tetratricopeptide repeats, protein domains that are able to interact with the C-terminal end of the molecular chaperone Hsp90, and via the proper Hsp90-immunophilin complex, the biological properties of a number of client-proteins involved in cancer biology are modulated. Recent discoveries have demonstrated that two of the most studied members of this Hsp90- binding subfamily of immunophilins, FKBP51 and FKBP52, participate in several cellular processes such as apoptosis, carcinogenesis progression, and chemoresistance. While the expression levels of some members of the immunophilin family are affected in both cancer cell lines and human cancer tissues compared to normal samples, novel regulatory mechanisms have emerged during the last few years for several client-factors of immunophilins that are major players in cancer development and progression, among them steroid receptors, the transctiption factor NF-κB and the catalytic subunit of telomerase, hTERT. In this review, recent findings related to the biological properties of both iconic Hsp90-binding immunophilins, FKBP51 and FKBP52, are reviewed within the context of their interactions with those chaperoned client-factors. The potential roles of both immunophilins as potential cancer biomarkers and non-conventional pharmacologic targets for cancer treatment are discussed.
Tomato Yield and Economic Performance Under Vermicompost and Mineral Fertilizer Applications
Authors: Tesfay Teklay , Gebremariam Mebrahtu , Gebretsadik Kiros , Hagazi Miruts , Girmay Selamawit
Published: January 2019

Background:

Optimum vermicompost and mineral fertilizer application is crucial for tomato production. However, farmers still use inadequate nutrient inputs and inefficient combinations. As a result, unbalanced soil nutrient compositions ultimately lead to a reduction in tomato fruit yield.

Methods:

An experiment was conducted to evaluate tomato yield and economic performance under vermicompost and mineral fertilizer applications using drip irrigation during 2016/2017. Shanti-PM variety of tomato was used as a test crop and eight vermicompost and mineral fertilizer combinations were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Agronomic data were analyzed using analysis of variance procedure. Besides, an economic analysis was carried out using partial budget analysis, to indicate economically superior treatments over the control treatment by estimating the varying costs and benefits based on the current local market prices for 2017.

Results and Conclusion:

Tomato fruit yield was markedly influenced by vermicompost and mineral fertilizer combinations. The better marketable, unmarketable and total fruit yield were recorded when 8 ton ha-1vermicompost combined with 50% recommended a dose of mineral fertilizer was applied. Even though this treatment appeared to be superior in yield, the results of partial budget analysis suggested that tomato cultivated using 4 ton ha-1vermicompost with 50% recommended mineral fertilizer was economically feasible to be acceptable by farmers. Therefore, application of 4 ton ha-1vermicompost with 50% recommended mineral fertilizer appeared to be agronomically superior and economically affordable for farmers to adopt.
Implications of No-tillage System in Faba Bean Production: Energy Analysis and Potential Agronomic Benefits
Authors: Alhajj Ali Salem , Tedone Luigi , Verdini Leonardo , De Mastro Giuseppe
Published: January 2019

Background:

Given the nutritional value of faba bean, however its susceptibility to water deficit, especially in Mediterranean environment, tillage practices need to be modified in order to adapt the crop to dry and low rainfall conditions and promote the interest in its cultivation.

Objective:

To identify whether no-tillage system can be considered as a sustainable means in faba bean cultivation under Mediterranean condition.

Method:

The study was conducted during a 6-year period (2010/11 to 2015/16) in southern Italy within wheat-faba bean rotation framework of a long-term experiment. The effect of No-Tillage (NT) on agronomic and energy parameters of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivation was evaluated and compared to those of Conventional (CT) and Reduced (RT) Tillage.

Results:

The agronomic results indicate that NT performed better and/or is comparable to CT, while its application was 28% and 30% more energy efficient compared to CT and RT respectively. For agronomic parameters, tillage had a significant effect on number of plant m-2, grain yield, grain protein content and 100-seed weight whereas year effect was significant for yield components and quality parameters. Energy indexes, instead, were significantly affected by both factors. NT gave the best results in terms of energy efficiency, energy intensity and net energy, and consumed 39% and 36% less non-renewable energy than CT and RT, respectively.

Conclusion:

Our findings revealed that the key benefit of NT in rainfed faba bean is its ability to produce sufficient yield of high quality with a significant reduction in energy inputs entailed the fewest field operations and therefore lowest energy requirements.
Hubungan Asupan Zat Gizi dan Status Gizi Remaja Putri di SMK Ciawi Bogor
Authors: Rachmayani Siti Andina , Kuswari Mury , Melani Vitria
Published: January 2019

Abstrak Pada usia remaja pelajar lebih mementingkan penampilan fisik. Remaja putri termasuk kelompok yang rentan mengalami masalah gizi. Asupan makan yang buruk menjadi penyebab umum masalah gizi pada remaja. Keseimbangan antara zat gizi yang masuk dibutuhkan untuk kesehatan yang optimal. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan zat gizi dan status gizi pada remaja putri. Data yang digunakan merupakan data primer berupa karakteristik responden. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 150 remaja putri di SMK Sumpah pemuda 2 Ciawi Bogor. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji korelasi Spearman. Persentase responden dengan asupan energi cukup sebesar 73,3%, persentase responden dengan asupan protein kurang sebesar 88%, persentase responden dengan dan asupan karbohidrat cukup sebesar 51,3%. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan energi, protein, dan karbohidrat dengan status gizi. Untuk mencapai status gizi optimal, remaja harus memenuhi kebutuhan asupan energi dan zat gizi makro, terutama asupan protein yang sangat dibutuhkan dalam masa pertumbuhan.Kata kunci: Remaja putri, Asupan gizi, Status giziÂ Abstract In adolescence, students are more concerned about physical appearance. Female adolescents are a group particularly vulnerable to nutritional problem. Poor food intake becomes a common cause of nutritional problems in adolescents. Balance between nutrition intakes is needed for optimal health. This study used a cross sectional design which aimed to determine the relationship between nutrition intake and nutritional status in female adolescents. The data used were primary data in a form of respondentsâ€™ characteristics. The sample used was 150 female adolescents in SMK Sumpah Pemuda 2 Ciawi Bogor. The statistical test used was the Spearman correlation test. The percentage of respondents with sufficient energy intake was 73.3%, the percentage of respondents with less protein intake was 88%, the percentage of respondents with and enough carbohydrate intake was 51.3%. There is a significant relationship among energy, protein, and carbohydrate intake with nutritional status. To reach optimal nutritional status, adolescents must meet the needs of energy intake and macro nutrients, especially protein intake that is highly needed in the growing period. Keywords: female adolescent, nutrition intake, nutritional status
Teaching and Assessment of Dentist‐Patient Communication Skills: A Systematic Review to Identify Best‐Evidence Methods
Authors: Khalifah Ayman M. , Celenza Antonio
Published: January 2019

Dentist‐patient communication skills are important aspects of contemporary oral health care, as shared decision making with patients becomes more common. The aim of this systematic review of the literature on teaching and assessment methodologies for communication skills in dental practice was to categorize those skills most relevant to dental practice and determine the best‐evidence teaching and assessment methods. The systematic review was conducted using MEDLINE, EBM‐Cochrane Libraries, Embase, ERIC, BIOSIS, CAB Abstracts, and PsycINFO using the OVID search engine, together with manually searching relevant journal articles. Relevant data were extracted from all included articles, and thematic analysis, categorization, and quality review of the articles was performed. Fifty articles published between 2000 and 2016 were identified as relevant to this study. Most were comparative design studies. The largest numbers were single group studies with before and after tests and cross‐sectional studies. A total of 26 communication skills were identified and grouped into four major categories: generic skills, case‐specific skills, time‐specific skills, and emerging skills. Review of the teaching methods described in those articles showed that educators used a combination of passive and active strategies. All the assessment measures were considered to be valid and reliable. This categorization of essential dentist‐patient communication skills reported in the literature may be used to assist in curriculum design along with use of tested teaching methods and validated assessment measures. The review highlights the need for more robust study designs for research in this important aspect of dental education.
Association Between Critical Thinking and Academic Performance in Dental Hygiene Students
Authors: Partido Brian B. , Soto Ivanna
Published: January 2019

Critical thinking is a key element of complex problem‐solving that facilitates health professionals’ clinical practice and professional behavior. Despite the importance of critical thinking, the measurement of critical thinking skills and its associations with academic performance remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to determine the associations between critical thinking and academic performance among undergraduate dental hygiene students. All 63 third‐ and fourth‐year baccalaureate degree dental hygiene students (Class of 2018 and Class of 2017, respectively) in The Ohio State University Dental Hygiene Program were invited to participate in this quantitative, cross‐sectional research study. Critical thinking was measured with the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI) and the Health Sciences Reasoning Test with Numeracy (HSRT‐N). A total of 45 students completed the two tests, for an overall response rate of 71.4%. For the Class of 2018, the response rate was 90.6% (n=29), and for the Class of 2017, the response rate was 51.6% (n=16). The results showed the CCTDI and HSRT‐N scores were higher for the Class of 2017 than the Class of 2018, suggesting that critical thinking skills were being developed across the course of the curriculum. The CCTDI was not significantly correlated with or a predictor of academic performance. The HSRT‐N was more correlated with clinical performance than was the CCTDI, and HSRT‐N components were found to be predictors of clinical performance. Continued attention is needed in the development and measurement of critical thinking skills to improve the academic and clinical performance of undergraduate dental hygiene students.
Effect of Collaborative Group Testing on Dental Students’ Performance and Perceived Learning in an Introductory Comprehensive Care Course
Authors: Jones Tobie Ann
Published: January 2019

The use of collaboration while in dental school can help prepare dental students for the team‐oriented nature of the workforce. One way to do this is via collaborative group testing (CGT), a method of assessment allowing students to learn from one another. The aim of this study was to examine the CGT method in a predoctoral dental education setting to determine if student examination performance improved with the addition of collaboration and if collaborative testing was beneficial to students’ learning process. In 2016, all first‐year dental students (n=76) at one U.S. dental school were assessed in an introductory comprehensive care course using a two‐stage CGT in which students were assessed individually, prior to taking the same test in collaboration with an assigned partner. Three quizzes and a final examination were given in which student participants served as both control (individual assessments) and treatment (collaborative assessment). At the conclusion of the course, a questionnaire was administered to ascertain student perspectives. All assessments yielded favorable results with an overall score improvement from a mean of 81.1% on individual assessments to 91% on collaborative assessments (p=0.001), indicating that collaboration improved assessment outcomes. Additionally, retention of material was suggested with individual scores on the cumulative final surpassing average individual scores of the preceding quizzes (p<0.001). Students’ responses on the questionnaire indicated that they perceived implementation of CGT was beneficial to their learning process. With these results, this testing methodology shows promise to enhance dental student learning, material retention, and teamwork.
U.S. Oral and Maxillofacial Residents’ Experience with Transgender People and Perceptions of Gender‐Affirmation Education: A National Survey
Authors: Ludwig David C. , Dodson Thomas B. , Morrison Shane D.
Published: January 2019

With a growing number of individuals seeking gender‐affirming surgery, there is a greater need for providers, including oral and maxillofacial surgeons, experienced in the surgical care of transgender people. The aim of this study was to evaluate oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) residents’ exposure to the care of transgender people and their perceived importance of education in gender‐affirming surgery. All 1,174 OMS residents in accredited U.S. training programs were invited to participate in this cross‐sectional study between July 1, 2017, and January 30, 2018. The predictor variables were residents’ gender, program region, program type, and level of training. The outcome variables were frequency of exposure to the care of transgender people, aspects of care covered, perceived importance of such training, and perceived need for fellowship opportunities in gender‐affirming surgery. Results were analyzed for 87 respondents, for a 7.4% response rate. Among the respondents, 81.6% were male; 64.4% were training in combined MD degree‐OMS certificate programs; and 31% reported having had exposure to the care of transgender people during their residency. On a scale from 1=neutral to 3=very important, the respondents’ mean reported importance of receiving training in gender‐affirming surgery was 1.37±0.94. Also, 37.9% reported that fellowship training should be offered in gender‐affirming surgery, specifically facial feminization/masculinization. These results showed that the OMS residents had had limited exposure to the care of transgender people, but they perceived that such exposure should be an important component of their training. Further research is needed to collect results from a larger sample and to better understand the role of oral and maxillofacial surgeons in gender‐affirmation surgery.
Design and Development of the Brain Training System for the Digital “Maintain Your Brain” Dementia Prevention Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Walton Courtney Campbell , Lampit Amit , Boulamatsis Christos , Hallock Harry , Barr Polly , Ginige Jeewani Anupama , Brodaty Henry , Chau Tiffany , Heffernan Megan , Sachdev Perminder Singh , Fiatarone Singh Maria A , Valenzuela Michael
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Dementia is the leading cause of disability worldwide, and interventions aimed at reducing the prevalence and burden of the disease are urgently needed. Maintain Your Brain (MYB) is a randomized controlled trial of a multimodal digital health intervention targeting modifiable dementia risk factors to combat cognitive decline and potentially prevent dementia. In addition to behavioral modules targeting mood, nutrition, and physical exercise, a new Brain Training System (BTS) will deliver computerized cognitive training (CCT) throughout the trial to provide systematic, challenging, and personally adaptive cognitive activity.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aimed to describe the design and development of BTS.

METHODS

BTS has been designed with a central focus on the end user. Raw training content is provided by our partner NeuroNation and delivered in several innovative ways. A baseline cognitive profile directs selection and sequencing of exercises within and between sessions and is updated during the 10-week 30-session module. Online trainers are available to provide supervision at different levels of engagement, including face-to-face share-screen coaching, a key implementation resource that is triaged by a “red flag” system for automatic tracking of user adherence and engagement, or through user-initiated help requests. Individualized and comparative feedback is provided to aid motivation and, for the first time, establish a social support network for the user based on their real-world circle of friends and family.

RESULTS

The MYB pilot was performed from November 2017 to March 2018. We are currently analyzing data from this pilot trial (n=100), which will make up a separate research paper. The main trial was launched in June 2018. Process and implementation data from the first training module (September to November 2018) are expected to be reported in 2019 and final trial outcomes are anticipated in 2022.

CONCLUSIONS

The BTS implemented in MYB is focused on maximizing adherence and engagement with CCT over the short and long term in the setting of a fully digital trial, which, if successful, could be delivered economically at scale.

CLINICALTRIAL

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618000851268; https://www.anzctr.org.au /Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=370631&isReview=true
Mental Health Apps in China: Analysis and Quality Assessment (Preprint)
Authors: Shang Jie , Wei Shaoming , Jin Jianbo , Zhang Puhong
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Mental disorders have been a great burden on health care systems, affecting the quality of life of millions of people worldwide. Developing countries, including China, suffer from the double burden of both the increasing mental health issues in population and the deficiency in mental health care resources. The use of mobile health technologies, especially for mobile phone apps, can be a possible solution.

OBJECTIVE

This review aimed to describe the features and assess the quality of mental health apps in major mobile phone app markets in China and further discuss the priorities for mental health app development.

METHODS

Keywords including psychology, psychological health, psychological hygiene, psychological health service(s), mental, mental health, mental hygiene, mental health service(s), depression, and anxiety were searched in Chinese in 3 Android app markets (Baidu Mobile Assistant, Tencent MyApp, and 360 Mobile Assistant) and iOS App Store independently. Mental health apps were then selected according to established criteria for in-depth analysis and quality assessment by the Mobile App Rating Scale.

RESULTS

In total, 63 of 997 mental health apps were analyzed in depth, of which 78% (49/63) were developed by commercial entities for general population, 17% (11/63) were for patients or clients of specialized psychiatric hospitals or counseling agencies, 3% (2/63) were by government or local Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for general information, and 2% (1/63) for students of a university. Major built-in features of the apps included counseling services, mental health education, and self-assessment of mental health status by validated self-rating scales. The overall quality score of the MH apps was acceptable.

CONCLUSIONS

Mental health apps are emerging in the area of mobile health in China. Popular mental health apps usually provide a synthetic platform organizing resources of information, knowledge, counseling services, self-tests, and management for the general population with mental health-related inquiries. The quality of the apps was rated as acceptable on average, suggesting some space for improvement. Official guidelines and regulations are urgently required for the field in the future.
Development of a Mobile Health Intervention to Promote Papanicolaou Tests and Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in an Underserved Immigrant Population: A Culturally Targeted and Individually Tailored Text Messaging Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Lee Hee Yun , Lee Mi Hwa , Sharratt Monica , Lee Sohye , Blaes Anne
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Disparities in cervical cancer incidence and mortality signify the need for intervention efforts targeting Korean American immigrant women.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate how a culturally targeted and tailored mobile text messaging intervention, mobile screening (mScreening), was developed to promote the uptake of Papanicolaou tests and human papillomavirus vaccine among young Korean American immigrant women.

METHODS

Guided by the Fogg behavior model, the mScreening intervention was developed through a series of focus groups. Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis was used to identify core themes.

RESULTS

Overall, 4 themes were identified: (1) tailored message content (ie, basic knowledge about cervical cancer), (2) an interactive and visual message format (ie, age-appropriate and friendly messages using emoticons), (3) brief message delivery formats to promote participant engagement, and (4) use of an incentive to motivate participation (ie, gift cards).

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrated the processes of gathering culturally relevant information to develop a mobile phone text messaging intervention and incorporating the target population’s perspectives into the development of the intervention. The findings of the study could help guide future intervention development targeting different types of cancer screening in other underserved racial or ethnic groups.
Prediction of the 1-Year Risk of Incident Lung Cancer: Prospective Study Using Electronic Health Records from the State of Maine (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Xiaofang , Zhang Yan , Hao Shiying , Zheng Le , Liao Jiayu , Ye Chengyin , Xia Minjie , Wang Oliver , Liu Modi , Weng Ching Ho , Duong Son Q , Jin Bo , Alfreds Shaun T , Stearns Frank , Kanov Laura , Sylvester Karl G , Widen Eric , McElhinney Doff B , Ling Xuefeng B
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Early detection of individuals at risk of lung cancer is critical to reduce the mortality rate.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a prospective risk prediction model to identify patients at risk of new incident lung cancer within the next 1 year in the general population.

METHODS

Data from individual patient electronic health records (EHRs) were extracted from the Maine Health Information Exchange network. The study population consisted of patients with at least one EHR between April 1, 2016, and March 31, 2018, who had no history of lung cancer. A retrospective cohort (N=873,598) and a prospective cohort (N=836,659) were formed for model construction and validation. An Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm was adopted to build the model. It assigned a score to each individual to quantify the probability of a new incident lung cancer diagnosis from October 1, 2016, to September 31, 2017. The model was trained with the clinical profile in the retrospective cohort from the preceding 6 months and validated with the prospective cohort to predict the risk of incident lung cancer from April 1, 2017, to March 31, 2018.

RESULTS

The model had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.881 (95% CI 0.873-0.889) in the prospective cohort. Two thresholds of 0.0045 and 0.01 were applied to the predictive scores to stratify the population into low-, medium-, and high-risk categories. The incidence of lung cancer in the high-risk category (579/53,922, 1.07%) was 7.7 times higher than that in the overall cohort (1167/836,659, 0.14%). Age, a history of pulmonary diseases and other chronic diseases, medications for mental disorders, and social disparities were found to be associated with new incident lung cancer.

CONCLUSIONS

We retrospectively developed and prospectively validated an accurate risk prediction model of new incident lung cancer occurring in the next 1 year. Through statistical learning from the statewide EHR data in the preceding 6 months, our model was able to identify statewide high-risk patients, which will benefit the population health through establishment of preventive interventions or more intensive surveillance.
The functionality and quality of nutrition-related mobile applications in China (Preprint)
Authors: Li Yuan , Ding Jingmin , Wang Yishan , Tang Chengyao , Zhang Puhong
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

There are an increasing number of mobile applications that provide dietary guidance in supporting healthy lifestyle and disease management. However, the characteristics of these nutrition-related apps are not well analyzed.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate the functionality and quality of nutrition-related apps in China.

METHODS

Mobile apps providing dietary guidance were screened in Chinese iOS and android app stores using stepwise searching criteria in November 2017. Primary review was conducted by extracting information from the description of apps. Free apps that contain all the information of diet and nutrition, with the last update after 1st Jan 2016 were downloaded for further analysis on the nutritional functionality features based on the framework of Chinese Dietary Guidelines and on the market related features as well. The user version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale (uMARS) was used to assess the quality of apps.

RESULTS

Among the 44 downloaded nutrition-related apps screened from 628 apps with dietary guidance content, only 11(25%) were aimed exclusively for dietary guidance, the others were aimed for fitness guidance (17, 39%), disease management (11, 25%) and maternal health (5, 11%) respectively. The nutritional functionalities of the 44 apps included nutritional information enquiry (40, 91%), nutrition education (35, 80%), food record (34, 77%), diet analysis (34, 77%), and personalized recipes (21, 48%). Twelve out of 44 apps contained all of the above five nutrition related functionalities. The diet analysis and suggestions were mainly focused on energy (33/44, 75%), less on other factors like dietary structure (10/44, 23%). About 96% (42/44) of the apps provided social communication functionality and 59% (26/44) of the apps supported user incentives. Eight out of 44 apps (18%) also applied intelligent recognition technology. Using 5-point uMARS as scales of quality, the median scores of the 44 apps was 3.6 (IQR = 0.7).

CONCLUSIONS

Most nutrition-related apps are developed in the service of health management other than for dietary guidance exclusively. Although basic energy balance theory was generally applied, the nutritional functionality of the nutrition-related apps is relatively limited and not individualized. More efforts should be taken to integrate with the scientific nutritional knowledge and innovative technology in developing an app followed with complete and personalized dietary guidance.
Qualitative Assessment of an Adaptive Engagement Model for Online Health Communities (Preprint)
Authors: Green Brian M. , Van Horn Katelyn Tente , Gupte Ketki , Bhowmick Amrita
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Online health communities (OHC) can be a powerful tool to facilitate communication among patients, professionals and family members who live with or care for someone with a chronic health condition(s). Health Union LLC’s OHC Adaptive Engagement Model engages, empowers and encourages people to take an active role in their health. OHCs included in this study are for people living with multiple sclerosis, migraine, IBS, rheumatoid arthritis, lung cancer, and prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE

This research uses qualitative methods to identify themes supporting the constructs of the Health Union OHC model.  Key components of the model to be tested include: content tailored to needs of community, facilitation and encouragement of social support, active moderation, opportunities for active and passive engagement, and transparency of community norms and rules.

METHODS

A sample of over 5,800 comments exported from over 40 Facebook posts from 6 OHCs was analyzed using the Dedoose™ qualitative data analysis software. Comments from these Facebook posts were extracted, imported into Dedoose™ software and coded. Interrater reliability of initial coding was calculated using Pearson’ Correlation Coefficient. An exploratory approach was taken in the analysis and initial codes were grouped into thematic categories and then confirmed through thematic network analysis using the Dedoose™ software tool. Thematic categories were compared for similarity and differences for each of the 6 OHCs, and by content descriptive category.

RESULTS

Qualitative thematic network analysis of posts and comments from 6 OHCs correspond to the primary components of the Health Union OHC Adaptive Engagement Model.  This analysis suggests that the structural elements of the model, including active site moderation, support high levels of community engagement and information sharing and mutual support of OHC participants.

CONCLUSIONS

Qualitative data from the 6 OHCs demonstrate the positive impact the community has on participants, often helping them reframe their healthcare experience and coping strategies. The principle of adaptive engagement is demonstrated by the thematic network analysis and illustrates the Health Union OHC Adaptive Engagement Model constructs. Different community segments have different patterns of was. This study has practical significance as it helps to demonstrate the value of online health communities for people living with chronic health conditions by providing meaningful engagement, support, and information in an accessible environment.
Adapting the HITSystem to Support PMTCT in Kenya: Protocol of an intervention development study (Preprint)
Authors: Finocchario-Kessler Sarah , Maloba May , Brown Melinda , Gautney Brad , Goggin Kathy , Wexler Catherine , Mabachi Natabhona , Odeny Beryne , Lagat Silas , Koech Sharon , Dariotis Jacinda K. , Odeny Thomas
Published: January 2019

UNSTRUCTURED

Background: Despite progress to expand access to HIV testing and treatment during pregnancy in Kenya, gaps still remain in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) services. This study addresses the need for effective and scalable interventions to support women throughout the continuum of care for PMTCT services in low resource settings. Our research team has successfully implemented the HIV Infant Tracking System (HITSystem), a web-based, system-level intervention to improve early infant diagnosis (EID) outcomes. This study will expand the scope of the HITSystem to address PMTCT services to bridge the gap between maternal and pediatric HIV services and improve outcomes. This paper describes the intervention development protocol to adapt and pilot a HITSystem version 2.0 to assess acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary PMTCT outcomes in Kenya.
Methods/design: This is a three-year intervention development study to adapt the current HITSystem intervention to support a range of PMTCT outcomes including: retention in care, ART adherence, hospital deliveries, and integration of maternal and pediatric HIV services in low-resource settings. The study will be conducted in three phases. Phase 1 will elicit feedback from intervention users (patients and providers) to guide development and refinement of the new PMTCT components and inform optimal implementation. In Phase 2, we will design and develop the HITSystem 2.0 features to support key PMTCT outcomes guided by clinical content experts and findings from Phase 1. Phase 3 will assess complete PMTCT retention (before, during, and after delivery) using a matched randomized pilot study design in two hospitals over 18-months. A total of n=108 HIV+ pregnant women (n=54 per site) will be enrolled and followed from their first PMTCT appointment until infant HIV DNA PCR testing at the target age of 6 weeks (< 7 weeks) postnatal.
Discussion: This protocol will extend, adapt, and pilot a HITSystem 2.0 version to improve attendance of PMTCT appointments, increase ART adherence and hospital-based deliveries, and prompt early infant diagnosis by 6 weeks postnatal. The HITSystem 2.0 aims improve the integration of maternal and pediatric HIV services.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02726607. Registered on April 1, 2016.
Resistance Level of Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) on Cypermethrin in the Regency of Kupang
Authors: Kotta Noldy R. E. , Trisyono Y. Andi , Wijonarko Arman
Published: January 2019

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is one of the major pests of the Brassicaceae family. Presently,  farmers  mostly use  insecticide to control this pest. The improper use of insecticide, however,  may lead to  target pest resistance. Resistance to pyrethroid (cypermethrin) insecticide cases  have been widely reported. This research aimed to know whether the farmers use  cypermethrin based on the recommended practices  and to determine the resistance level of P. xylostella collected from Tarus, Noelbaki, Oesao and Pukdale Villages collected from the Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara, which were then compared to  the population of Cangkringan (Sleman, Yogyakarta) as a susceptible population. The survey showed that these four locations in Kupang, used insecticides intensively and did the mixing of two or three insecticides. Insecticide application in these four locations was mostly not scheduled as recommended on the label of insecticides. The susceptibility test showed that the RR (resistance ratio) value from Kupang (Tarus = 9.2, Noelbaki = 7.2, Oesao 7.3, and Pukdale = 3.8, respecively) was higher than susceptible population (Cangkringan = 1.0). Therefore, P. xylostella larvae collected from Kupang has been resistant to cypermethrin. IntisariPlutella xylostella L. merupakan salah satu hama utama pada tanaman Famili Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). Pengendalian dengan insektisida masih menjadi andalan petani di lapangan. Dampak negatif dari insektisida seperti resistensi, resurgensi dan munculnya hama sekunder tidak membuat efek jera karena minimnya pengetahuan tentang dampak negatif tersebut. Resistensi terhadap golongan piretroid sudah banyak dilaporkan. Salah satunya sipermetrin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk melihat cara penggunaan insektisida oleh petani dan tingkat kepekaan dari populasi lapang asal Tarus, Noelbaki, Oesao, dan Pukdale (Kupang, NTT) dibandingkan dengan populasi Cangkringan (Sleman, DIY) terhadap insektisida sipermetrin. Data survei tentang cara penggunaan insektisida oleh petani diketahui bahwa penggunaan insektisida di keempat lokasi tersebut cukup intensif dan terjadi pencampuran insektisida yang tidak kompatibel. Penyemprotan dilakukan secara rutin di Desa Tarus; di Desa Noelbaki dan Oesao ada yang secara rutin dan ada yang kondisional; sedangkan penyemprotan secara kondisional di Desa Pukdale. Data uji kepekaan menunjukkan bahwa P. xylostella asal Kupang telah resisten terhadap sipermetrin dengan nilai RR (rasio resistensisi) tertinggi dari populasi Tarus (9,2), Noelbaki (7,2), Oesao (7,3), Pukdale (3,8) dibandingkan dengan populasi peka asal Cangkringan.
Why do agribusiness firms simultaneously source from different contract farming arrangements? Evidence from the soybean industry in Malawi
Authors: Mugwagwa Innocent , Bijman Jos , Trienekens Jacques
Published: January 2019

This paper describes and analyzes the rationale for concurrent use of different contract farming arrangements (CFAs) by a large agroprocessor. We postulate that plural governance is determined by ambiguity over the best mode of coordination, complexity of transactions and strategic behavior by the agroprocessor. We carried out an in-depth case study of an agroprocessor that has multiple CFAs in the soybean industry in Malawi. We find that ambiguity explains the formation of plural governance structures, but strategic behavior is the main motivation for their persistence. Hence, the study findings unite hitherto opposing schools of thought on the stability of plural forms. The results imply that the incentives and disincentives of agribusiness firms to source through different CFAs should be considered in designing policies and programmes to promote contract farming.
Analyzing agribusiness value chains: a literature review
Authors: Clay Pablo Mac , Feeney Roberto
Published: January 2019

The goal of our work is to review methodologies to analyze value chains, particularly within the agribusiness sector. The first part of the analysis delves into the value chain concept, with the aim of discovering how the concept has changed from an historical perspective, and what would be an acceptable narrow definition. The second and main part of the analysis seeks to study the methodological techniques for approaching and accurately analyzing a value chain in the agribusiness sector. To such end, we will review the literature for different existing methodologies, in order to understand what steps and dimensions should be considered in a value chain study. Finally, we will identify a set of outlines that are common to all the papers obtained from the literature review to help to determine the approaches or points of view that should be considered for an agribusiness value chain analysis.
CURRÍCULO COMUM PARA O ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL DE BAURU-SP: EM BUSCA DE ARTICULAÇÃO ENTRE CONTEÚDO E FORMA
Authors: Claudino-Kamazaki Silvana Galvani , Asbahr Flávia Da Silva Ferreira , Mesquita Afonso Mancuso de
Published: January 2019

O currículo se constitui como uma ferramenta de luta e resistência política e social em defesa de uma educação gratuita, crítica, laica e de qualidade que promova, para além da aparência, o desenvolvimento psíquico e social dos(as) estudantes. Sob esta perspectiva, este artigo traz uma breve retrospectiva da construção coletiva do Currículo Comum de Ensino Fundamental de Bauru (SP), caracterizado como um processo democrático de reflexão e elaboração de um currículo dotado de um posicionamento político de defesa da educação como propulsora do desenvolvimento humano e da escola como o local legítimo para o ensino das formas mais elaboradas de ciência, arte e filosofia a fim de possibilitar a emancipação humana. Com base nestes pressupostos teóricos da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica e do esclarecimento sobre o que ensinar, problematiza a finalidade do ato educativo - para quê ensinar – com vistas à unidade conteúdo-forma, destacando a transformação das consciências pela via do desenvolvimento do pensamento teórico e da organização dos coletivos infantis. Por fim, elenca alguns desafios para a materialização, na prática pedagógica, de um currículo dessa natureza, enfatizando a necessidade de instrumentalização da atividade docente nesta perspectiva, ou seja, a necessidade de viabilizar a apropriação dos conteúdos do currículo que possibilite a articulação entre teoria e prática com vistas à humanização dos atores escolares, finalidade última de um currículo fundamentado nesta perspectiva teórica.
OS CONTEÚDOS DA ALFABETIZAÇÃO: elementos para um debate curricular
Authors: Mazzeu Francisco José Carvalho , Francioli Fátima Aparecida De Souza
Published: January 2019

Os debates no campo da alfabetização frequentemente têm se concentrado nas questões metodológicas e, em período histórico mais recente, nos processos de aprendizagem das crianças. O artigo traz resultados de estudos que vêm sendo desenvolvidos pelos autores com foco na valorização dos conteúdos e dos aspectos conceituais da alfabetização, em consonância com os pressupostos teóricos da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica e da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural. São analisados com mais profundidade os conteúdos sugeridos por propostas curriculares que se apoiam nesses pressupostos (como aquelas implementadas no estado do Paraná a partir dos anos de 1990), em comparação com os documentos que traçam as diretrizes nacionais para esse ensino, como os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais. Entre outros aspectos, procuramos abordar: a questão dos conteúdos da alfabetização sugeridos por essas propostas curriculares e os programas de formação de professores que fazem a mediação das propostas com a prática na sala de aula; a importância da formação de conceitos científicos sobre a língua escrita (gênero, texto, frase, palavra, sílaba e fonema/letra) e sua relação com a percepção empírica decorrente do uso cotidiano da língua. Concluímos que esses conceitos, organizados e ensinados de forma sistemática, são fundamentais para a formação de uma atitude teórica e crítica frente aos fenômenos da linguagem. Dessa forma procuramos apontar para o potencial da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica e da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural para fundamentar a elaboração de propostas curriculares que superem os limites tanto das concepções tradicionais quanto das abordagens construtivistas e ecléticas da alfabetização.
O ENSINO NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL SOB A PERSPECTIVA HISTÓRICO-CRÍTICA E SUA IMPORTÂNCIA PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO
Authors: Moreira Helloysa Bragueto , Orso Paulino José
Published: January 2019

O presente artigo é resultado de estudos e pesquisas desenvolvidos no curso de especialização em Psicopedagogia Institucional e Clínica do Centro Técnico-Educacional Superior do Oeste Paranaense-CTESOP. Trata-se de um estudo de caráter bibliográfico com o objetivo demonstrar que o ensino organizado e planejado na educação infantil apresenta grande possibilidade de viabilizar o pleno desenvolvimento da criança por meio da apropriação das qualidades humanas produzidas historicamente. Pautado na Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica e na psicologia histórico-cultural, primeiramente, contextualizamos a infância e o ensino, apontando alguns aspectos históricos e a concepção do desenvolvimento da criança na perspectiva da psicologia histórico-cultural. Depois, analisamos o ensino na educação infantil pautado na pedagógica histórico-crítica com o intuito de verificar a importância dessa teoria na realização do trabalho pedagógico com vistas ao desenvolvimento humano.