bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O futuro no rosto: da fisionomia à inteligência artificial
Authors: Leone Massimo
Published: January 2025

Este artigo analisa a semiótica cultural da matemática como linguagem baseada na cognição humana, mas frequentemente usada como retórica tendenciosa. Ao invés de apenas estruturar a realidade, confere comensurabilidade e precisão a domínios ideológicos. Foca-se na medição matemática do corpo, especialmente cabeça e rosto, práticas que, desde o Iluminismo, tentaram objetivar preconceitos racistas. A mensuração facial buscava definir beleza, inteligência e moralidade, mas serviu como ferramenta de controle biopolítico. A análise revela que o preconceito não está nas medições, mas na decisão de medir.
Deconstructing Temporal Stages of Prosocial and Antisocial Risky Decision-making in Adolescence
Authors: Haromi Morteza Erfani , Golbabaei Soroosh , Borhani Khatereh
Published: January 2025

Risk-taking is a prominent aspect of adolescent behavior. A recent neurodevelopmental model suggests that this trait could influence prosocial and antisocial decision-making, proposing a new category known as prosocial and antisocial risk-taking. The primary objective of this study was to examine the electrophysiological underpinnings of prosocial and antisocial risk-taking in adolescence, a developmental period characterized by elevated risky, prosocial, and antisocial decisions. To this end, 32 adolescents aged 13–19 years completed a modified dictator game to choose between three options, representing prosocial and antisocial risk-taking constructs and a risk-free fair one. At the behavioral level, adolescents favored antisocial risky decisions over prosocial risky ones. ERP results at the electrophysiological level in the response selection stage demonstrated that decision preceding negativity was more negative-going before making prosocial risky decisions than other decisions. During the feedback evaluation stage, feedback-related negativity was the least negative after selecting the antisocial risky option and receiving successful feedback. However, choosing the fair option and receiving neutral feedback resulted in the most negative feedback-related negativity. Moreover, P300 showed the most positive mean amplitude following the selection of the antisocial risky option and facing successful feedback, with the lowest positive amplitude observed after choosing the fair option and encountering neutral feedback. These results underscore the distinct electrophysiological underpinnings associated with prosocial and antisocial decisions involving risks.
CLAPnq:

C

ohesive

L

ong-form

A

nswers from

P

assages in Natural Questions for RAG systems
Authors: Rosenthal Sara , Sil Avirup , Florian Radu , Roukos Salim
Published: January 2025

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a popular application for large language models. It is preferable that successful RAG systems provide accurate answers that are supported by being grounded in a passage without any hallucinations. While considerable work is required for building a full RAG pipeline, being able to benchmark performance is also necessary. We present CLAPnq, a benchmark Long-form Question Answering dataset for the full RAG pipeline. CLAPnq includes long answers with grounded gold passages from Natural Questions (NQ) and a corpus to perform either retrieval, generation, or the full RAG pipeline. The CLAPnq answers are concise, 3x smaller than the full passage, and cohesive, meaning that the answer is composed fluently, often by integrating multiple pieces of the passage that are not contiguous. RAG models must adapt to these properties to be successful at CLAPnq. We present baseline experiments and analysis for CLAPnq that highlight areas where there is still significant room for improvement in grounded RAG. CLAPnq is publicly available at https://github.com/primeqa/clapnq.
‘A Considerable Disturbance in the Holy Place’: Ritual Mourning as Efficacious Spatial Subversion in 3 Maccabees
Authors: Krause Andrew R.
Published: January 2025

In 3 Maccabees, the timely prayers of two priests, Simon and Eleazar, save the people and their various holy spaces. However, one related ritual element that is often overlooked is the socially disruptive mourning rites of vulnerable women. These performances immediately precede both highly efficacious prayers and accompany the arrests of those Jewish people who resisted Ptolemy’s decree. The cities, their various urban social functions, childcare, and marital rituals are all disrupted in a hyperbolic description of the disorder caused by Ptolemy’s wanton attacks on explicitly Jewish spaces. In all three cases, the texts present a highly stylized description of mourning performed in ways that disrupt and subvert the spatial expectations of the urban environs of the narrative’s setting. This disorder is best understood as a ritual focusing that leads to the dramatic prayers of the two priests that counteract Ptolemy’s spatial trespasses.
Jesus’s ‘Sorrow’ (Matt. 26.37–8)? Exploring the Connotations of a Tabooed Emotion
Authors: White B.G.
Published: January 2025

The attribution of λύπη to Jesus in Matthew’s Gethsemane (26.37–38) – typically translated as ‘sorrow’ or ‘grief’ – is often understood as an attempt to humanize Jesus’s anguish with a relatively benign emotion. However, interpreters rarely offer detailed analyses of the term or its connotations, particularly its physical intensity and how it readily triggered condemnation. This article employs semantic theory and affect theory to gain a fuller perspective on Jesus’s λύπη. It surveys the use of λυπ- words in ancient sources, classifies Jesus’s λύπη as ‘deep despair’, and highlights how the emotion was widely regarded as unacceptable for an honorable person, let alone a messiah. Finally, it traces allusions to the emotion within the passion narrative and offers suggestions for interpretation, including the irony that Jesus’s seemingly irredeemable qualities allow him to identify with those in emotional turmoil and more fully become Israel’s Immanuel.
Distinct Effect of the Warming Trend on Extreme Mei-Yu Rainfall in June and July over East Asia: Perspectives from Observation and Simulation
Authors: Huang An-Yi , Hong Chi-Cherng , Chen Chao-An , Hsu Huang-Hsiung , Tseng Wan-Ling , Hsu Pei-Chun , Lo Min-Hui , Chiang Jun
Published: January 2025

The record mei-yu rainfall occurred in the Yangtze–Huai River valley (YHRV) and Japan regions in the early summer (June–July) of 2020 and devastated these regions. Whereas several studies had been devoted to the physical processes behind this climate extreme, the impact of the upward trend in the ocean and atmosphere was less investigated. In this study, the potential effect of the linear trend on the mei-yu rainfall extreme was assessed by comparing the 2020 event with a 1998 extreme event. The distinction between June and July was the focus. In June, a significant increasing rainfall trend, accompanied by an enhanced low-level southwesterly, was identified over south China. The linear trend of precipitation also contributed substantially to the total mei-yu rainfall in 2020, which was not observed in 1998. The moisture flux budget indicates that the climatological moisture transport by the linear trend of southwesterly contributes substantially to the extreme rainfall. In contrast to June, the mei-yu rainfall in July over YHRV, accompanied by a low-level easterly trend, showed a decreasing trend. Consequently, the linear trend does not contribute to the extreme rainfall. The numerical experiments, consistent with observations, indicated that the sea surface temperature (SST) warming trend contributed to the extreme mei-yu rainfall in June. This effect was not observed in July.
The Role of Empiric Antifungal Therapy in Patients With Perforated Peptic Ulcer: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Giannis Dimitrios , Lu Weiying , El Hadwe Salim , Geropoulos Georgios , Louis Martine A. , Mandava Nageswara Rao , Barmparas Galinos
Published: January 2025

Fungal growth is common in intraoperative cultures of patients with perforated peptic ulcer (PPU) leading to the common use of empiric antifungal therapy, with current evidence not clearly supporting this practice. The goal of this updated systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize the effect of empiric antifungals in patients with PPU. Eligible studies were identified through a comprehensive literature search in the MEDLINE (PubMed) and EMBASE databases, following the PRISMA 2020 statement. A total of eight studies were identified reporting on 1802 patients. The population consisted of 67.3% males (n = 121/1802), with a mean age of 59.1 ± 13.2 years. Most of the population underwent surgery (n = 1763/1802, 97.8%), which was most frequently omental patch (n = 1169/1411, 82.8%), while 12.8% (n = 140/1096) underwent laparoscopic repair. Intraoperative cultures were obtained in 73.7% (n = 1262/1713); blood cultures were obtained in 54.5% (n = 467/857) and were positive for fungus in 44.1% (n = 558/1262) and in 5.6% (n = 26/467), respectively. Empiric antifungal treatment was administered in 19.6% (n = 353/1802). The most common agent was fluconazole reported in 6 studies. At a mean follow-up of 34.4 ± 9.9 days, 191/1787 (10.7%) patients died. Patients with fungus-positive intraoperative cultures had significantly increased odds of having diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.05-2.30), history of malignancy (OR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.22-6.45), being on steroids (OR: 5.13; 95% CI: 1.37-19.3), and increased mortality (OR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.67-3.70). Empiric antifungal therapy did not significantly decrease the odds for death (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 0.33-6.41). The presence of fungi in the peritoneal fluid is associated with increased risk of death, that is not affected by administration of empiric antifungal therapy.
The Effectiveness and Safety of Beta Antagonists in Patients With Burns: An Updated Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bhatti Aribah , Shah Sanaullah , Shahzaib Muhammad , Nadeem Muhamad Amaan , Shaikh Asim , Rehman Habib Ur , Rizvi Syed Saaid , Khan Maimoona , Singh Jasninder Dhaliwal , Mahfooz Faisal , Aftab Rameel Muhammad , Rao Dua Fatima Zaheer , Chachar Muhammad Azhar
Published: January 2025

Aims

The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the safety and effectiveness of beta antagonists for improving clinical care in burn patients, compared to placebo.

Methods

Articles from randomized-controlled trials were identified by a literature search on PubMed and Cochrane. We included relevant trials involving patients with burn. Trials were eligible if they evaluated propranolol and compared to usual care or placebo. We conducted a meta-analysis using a random-effects model.

Results

A total of 2114 patients were included from 14 RCTs. Beta-blocker-treated patients had decreased heart rates (WMD = −14.73, 95% CIs = [−19.14, −10.32]), mean arterial pressure (WMD = −2.76, 95% CIs = [−3.81, −1.70]), rate pressure product (WMD = −1.13, 95% CIs = [−1.56, −0.71]), reduced time for wound healing (WMD = −5.08, 95% CIs [−8.97, −1.18]), and lower resting energy expenditure (WMD = −168.83, 95% CIs [−232.03, −105.63]). However, use of beta-blockers did not reduce mortality rate (WMD = 0.98, 95% CIs [0.68, 1.41]), incidence of sepsis (RR = 0.82, 95% CIs = [0.50, 1.35]), or length of stay in hospital (WMD = −1.50, 95% CIs [−4.76, 1.77]) compared with placebo.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that the administration of propranolol to burned patients does not contribute to increased mortality rates, reduced length of hospital stays, or heightened sepsis occurrence. It demonstrates a protective effect on heart function by reducing heart rate, resting energy expenditure, rate pressure product, and wound healing. More randomized-controlled and multi-center studies are needed to effectively establish the use of beta antagonists in burn patients.
Mental health help-seeking behaviours among children and young people from culturally and linguistically diverse communities in a multicultural urban Australian population
Authors: John James Rufus , Khan Jahidur Rahman , Middleton Paul M , Huang Yao , Lin Ping-I , Hu Nan , Jalaludin Bin , Chay Paul , Lingam Raghu , Eapen Valsamma
Published: January 2025

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the help-seeking behaviours among children and young people (CYP) from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds for mental health (MH) needs in a multicultural Australian population.

Methods:

We analysed the electronic medical records (eMR) of 8135 MH-related emergency department (ED) encounters of CYP aged up to 18 years across six public hospitals in the South Western Sydney Local Health District, Australia, from January 2016 to April 2022. Urgency of MH care was grouped into high priority (triage categories 1 and 2, needing to have treatment within 10 minutes) and low-to-moderate (triage categories 3–5, needing to have treatment within 30–120 minutes) presentations. Multilevel logistic regression models adjusted for key covariates and patient level clustering examined the relationship between CALD status and urgency of MH care. We also assessed the combined effects of gender and CALD status, as well as CALD status and residential area socioeconomic status, on urgent ED care.

Results:

About 8.3% of all MH-related ED presentations during the 6-year period were classified as high priority. The odds of high-priority MH ED care were 2.03-fold higher for CALD CYPs compared to non-CALD CYPs (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.46–2.82]). Furthermore, an added increase in the odds of seeking urgent MH care for CYPs who belong to multiple risk groups was observed among CALD male CYPs (AOR: 2.96, 95% CI = [1.81–4.85]) and those living in disadvantaged areas (AOR: 2.36, 95% CI = [1.59–3.49]).

Conclusion:

The findings of this study highlight the need for culturally appropriate services aimed at prevention and early intervention targeted at CYP from CALD backgrounds to avoid crisis presentations.
The Effects of Trait Anger on Proactive and Reactive Online Aggression: The Mediating Role of Hostile Attribution Bias and the Moderating Role of Self-Control
Authors: Chen Dan , Sun Hongmei
Published: January 2025

Individuals’ involvement in reactive and proactive online aggression has garnered widespread concern from various societal sectors, marking it as a critical indicator of individual social development. The influencing factors that might exist for both reactive and proactive online aggression have been little explored. Understanding these could help us develop more effective intervention strategies, targeting individuals who exhibit both types of aggression. Structural Equation Modeling was used to examine the relationship between trait anger and hostile attribution bias on reactive and proactive online aggression. A total of 1075 college students (Mage = 19.96 ± 1.54 years) completed assessments related to trait anger, hostile attribution bias, self-control, and reactive and proactive online aggression. Hostile attribution bias partially mediates the association between trait anger and both forms of aggression, while self-control moderates the association between trait anger and hostile attribution bias and both types of aggression. Illustratively, individuals with high self-control can better buffer both the direct effects of trait anger and the indirect effects of hostile attribution bias on reactive and proactive online aggression. This result provides empirical support for the Integrative Cognitive Model, ICM. Our findings may provide educational practitioners with important information regarding intervention design.
Dye uptake prediction of Disperse Yellow 23 dye on PET fibers in supercritical carbon dioxide using neural networks
Authors: Sun Fayu , Li Fei , Hu Dedong , Wang Weiqiang
Published: January 2025

In the research, the dye uptake of PET fibers treated with Disperse Yellow 23 dye in supercritical CO2 was systematically explored across a range of parameters including dyeing time (10–90 min), dyeing temperature (70–130°C), and dyeing pressure (15–30 MPa). The models based on back propagation neural network (BPNN), genetic algorithm-BPNN (GA-BPNN), particle swarm optimization-BPNN (PSO-BPNN), and Sparrow search algorithm-BPNN (SSA-BPNN) were trained with input layer encompassing dyeing time, dyeing temperature, and dyeing pressure, and the output layer composed of dye uptake of Disperse Yellow 23 dye. The results show that the SSA-BPNN model demonstrated higher prediction accuracy, as evidenced by metrics including mean absolute error, mean squared error, root-mean-squared error, mean absolute percentage error, and correlation coefficient ( R2), with values of 0.823, 1.139, 1.067, 3.565%, and 0.994 for the training set and 0.641, 0.626, 0.792, 3.558%, and 0.995 for the testing set.
Investigating the effect of body shape on denim clothing fit
Authors: Ural Özge , Tatman Derya
Published: January 2025

Denim products have original visual effects that are integrated with their sewing features. This initial aesthetic appearance risks deterioration if seams are modified because clothing does not fit. Clothing fit problems caused by variations in body shape are sensitive issues that need to be explicitly examined for denim products. In this work, to investigate the effects of body shape on denim clothing fit, denim overalls were chosen, as they cover three primary areas (chest, waist, hips) which are mainly used to define body shapes. For this purpose, overalls were designed in size 40 using 3D fashion design software. In the first part of the study, the size-40 avatar in the program was dressed in denim overalls using four different constructions of denim fabric. Clothing fit for the standard body shape for each fabric was evaluated using tension and pressure maps. Fabric 2, having an average value in terms of weight, thickness, bend, and stretch among the fabrics, was chosen for the second part of the study to examine the effect of body shape on clothing fit. Subsequently, five avatars with different body shapes were designed. Then, for the five different body shapes, avatars were dressed in overalls in the chosen denim fabric. Clothing fit values were evaluated using software tension and pressure maps and found to be within acceptable limits, which is considered ideal. The fit evaluation indicated that varying body shapes with extra width or narrowness of the chest, waist, and hip lines affected the clothing fit.
The Door and the Window: Affect, Space, and Professional Boundaries in a Harm Reduction Service
Authors: Whalley Andrew , Phillips Tarryn
Published: January 2025

Ethnographers have long demonstrated that the design of spaces such as streets and city infrastructure can enable or prevent drug-using communities from practicing harm reduction and accessing life-saving services. Yet there is limited research about how spatial dynamics enable or hinder harm reduction workers' capacity to provide care and enact self-care. Addressing this gap, this article draws on ethnographic fieldwork at a community health center in Melbourne, Australia, which provided injecting equipment, public health education, and overdose response to a street-based population of people who injected heroin. To better understand how staff grappled with the complexities of providing care in this context, we pay particular attention to the spatial and material aspects of the service, focusing on a door and a window in the center building. Workers used these objects to draw professional boundaries and enact affective breaks, enabling them to cope with emotionally demanding work, provide a unique brand of relational care, and maintain their own well-being. These moral-spatial boundaries were also flexible and porous and had to be constantly renegotiated. We argue that paying attention to affective and spatial dynamics within a government-funded service reveals the inherent predicament faced by staff caring for a group that is considered radically “other” by the state.
Synchronization of coupled neural networks with switching topology: Dynamic event-triggered impulsive control with delays
Authors: Li Rongzhi , Li Lulu
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates the synchronization of neural networks with switching topology under dynamic event-triggered impulsive control with delays. First, a general delayed-time impulsive model is adopted, allowing for a more realistic representation of impulsive effects in neural networks. Second, a new dynamic event-triggered impulsive control scheme is designed, which reduces communication and computation costs and avoids Zeno behavior. Finally, less conservative synchronization criteria are derived, enabling the analysis of more general cases involving neural networks with switching topology, dynamic event-triggered impulsive control, and delayed-time impulses. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed methods.
The value of public service media: What does the public expect?
Authors: Urbániková Marína , Smejkal Klára
Published: January 2025

In today’s competitive media landscape, the future of public service media (PSM) depends on maintaining its legitimacy among the public. While previous research has predominantly approached legitimacy-as-process, with focus on the normative perspective of PSM’s public value, this study adopts a legitimacy-as-perception approach to explore the expectations of the public. Consequently, it examines the extent to which citizens’ and normative perspectives align. Through data from 10 focus group discussions (with 60 participants) conducted in the Czech Republic, we identified four primary dimensions for public expectations for PSM: (1) the expected roles and functions of PSM; (2) the general characteristics of PSM content (to define the desired nature of PSM content); (3) the principles governing the functioning of PSM (to outline how PSM should operate) and (4) specific requirements for PSM news and non-news content. The study shows that, compared to existing normative conceptualisations of PSM’s public value, the public focusses mostly on individual value and, to a limited extent, on societal value, while entirely neglecting industry value. Additionally, rather than referring to abstract concepts, citizens’ expectations revolve around more concrete functions and tasks, with a common denominator: both distinctiveness from commercial media and distinctiveness from multinational VOD platforms that offer globalised content.
From Mission Drift to Practice Drift: Theorizing drift processes in social enterprises and beyond
Authors: Bruder Ignas M.
Published: January 2025

Mission drift poses a real threat to social enterprises because it leads them to diverge from their main social purposes. Although various accounts of mission drift already exist in organization studies, a unifying processual account that would clarify this notion while broadening the perspective to encompass drift in relation to social issues more generally is lacking. Taking a practice-based approach, I develop a conceptualization of ‘practice drift’ in social enterprises as a process that emerges from tensions and is unintended, unnoticed and unwanted by organizational actors. A practice perspective not only helps substantiate the dynamics of mission drift in its unintended form but can also sensitize scholars to mission-neutral drift. This paper contributes to social enterprise studies by shedding light on the processual dynamics of mission drift and by introducing fine-grained distinctions between different types of drift, including partial mission drift, economically driven practice drift and mission-driven practice drift. Furthermore, it contributes a theoretical account of drift in relation to social issues that is relevant not only for social enterprises but organizations more generally. Finally, this paper identifies drift-driving and drift-blurring elements and thereby provides theoretical scaffolding that can serve to theorize the drifting of practices in a wider sense.
Exploring Inclusion by Creating Inclusion: A World Café Among Nurse Scientists
Authors: Zadvinskis Inga M. , Knudsen Élise N. Arsenault , Falkenberg Olson Ann C. , Eustace Rosemary W. , Albert Nancy M. , Klein Colleen J. , Bohr Nicole L. , Guthrie Lisa E. , Libster Martha Mathews
Published: January 2025

Background:

The concept of inclusion within diversity, equity, and inclusion has broad meanings and implications and has not been explored in nursing through a World Café.

Purpose:

To describe the process and experiences of 9 nurse scientists who hosted a World Café focused on inclusion, to share participants’ insights, and to offer considerations to advance inclusion in nursing.

Approach:

We hosted and encouraged active participation in a World Café that focused on 7 inclusion topics in nursing during the 2024 Midwestern Nursing Research Society Annual Research Conference. During the 90-min World Café, 40 participants (“members”) engaged in iterative rounds of small group dialogue, moving from table to table every 10 min and randomly changing groups. Table hosts welcomed new members, provided background information, and asked probing questions about topics related to inclusion. Members shared insights verbally and through creative expression using colored markers/pencils or craft supplies and creating images on paper tablecloths. Table hosts used notes, photographs of words and images from the paper tablecloths, and collective post-Café reflections to synthesize insights regarding inclusion.

Discoveries:

Across all topics, members stated that inclusion requires connecting as human beings, creating welcoming spaces, being open to others, and actively listening. Table hosts described the World Café process as engaging, invoking, and inspiring. Hosts found the World Café process itself to be inclusive, inviting diverse perspectives, and gleaning insights about inclusion in nursing. Considerations generated from this World Café offer tangible behaviors to promote inclusion across various nursing topics, roles, and settings.
Learning the city through urban agriculture
Authors: Yap Christopher , Anderson Colin Ray
Published: January 2025

Learning the city refers to collective processes through which urban inhabitants experience, negotiate, and shape urban contexts. In the past decade, urban scholarship has emphasised the significance of learning the city as a political act. However, the full diversity of potentials of learning the city through urban agriculture remains underexamined. Drawing on fieldwork with an urban permaculture collective in Seville, Spain, this article examines four processes of learning the city through urban agriculture and reflects on their potential for driving urban change. We label these processes as learning the city through: experimentation; embodiment; socio-nature; and conscientisation and ecological citizenship. In closing, the article reflects on how progressive, political forms of urban learning in one city firstly raise important questions regarding the social and political impacts of diverse forms of urban agriculture elsewhere, and secondly, offer potential pathways to enhance relations between urban and rural socio-environmental struggles.
Against Victory: Decolonising Justice After War
Authors: Ardila Camilo
Published: January 2025

This article makes a case for a theoretical reorientation of post-war justice that moves away from the colonial imaginaries of military victory in just war theory. This intellectual tradition typically theorises a just peace from the perspective of ‘just victors’ interested in the definition of their rights and responsibilities in the aftermaths of a military confrontation against ‘unjust aggressors’ or ‘inherently aggressive and murderous regimes’. I argue that this approach finds its historical roots in the colonial imaginaries of the ethics of conquerors, which have been reformulated in the modern languages of rights and responsibilities. Coloniality explains such historical continuities and discontinuities in this intellectual tradition. The origins of this conception are not only of theoretical interest but also of practical relevance due to the entrenchment of colonial relations of punishment, protection and education rather than political relations of dialogue, compromise and mediation as the foundations of post-war justice.
Coordinating uncertainty in the political economy of cyber threat intelligence
Authors: Slayton Rebecca , Muller Lilly
Published: January 2025

Cyber threat intelligence firms play a powerful role in producing knowledge, uncertainty, and ignorance about threats to organizations and governments globally. Drawing on historical and ethnographic methods, we show how cyber threat intelligence analysts navigate distinctive types of uncertainty as they transform digital traces into marketable products and services. We make two related contributions and arguments. First, building on STS research on uncertainty and ignorance, we articulate two kinds of uncertainty and their potential to interact. Coordinative uncertainty emerges from socially and technologically distributed processes of producing, interpreting, and reporting data that emerges when analysts create standards to make data travel. However, standards can be exploited by intelligent adversaries behaving in deliberately unpredictable ways. We argue that efforts to reduce coordinative uncertainty through standardization can thus ironically increase opportunities for adversarial uncertainty, creating a potential tradeoff. Second, we aim to show how STS can deepen and integrate studies of international security and political economy, by providing an example of how the geopolitical structuring of private industry shapes the science and technology that industry produces. In particular, we argue that the political economy of the cyber threat intelligence industry tends to produce relatively little knowledge about cyber operations that are conducted by governments in the U.S. and its allies, and more about cyber operations conducted by adversaries of U.S. and allied governments. We conclude with a reflection on the broader significance of these findings for the ways that coordinative and adversarial uncertainties refract through the political economies of technoscience.
Arthroscopic Repair of Bursal-Sided Partial-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears: Literature Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Dalmas Yoann , Hao Kevin A. , Barret Hugo , Mansat Pierre , Bonnevialle Nicolas
Published: January 2025

Background:

The surgical management of bursal-sided partial-thickness rotator cuff tendon tears is controversial. The 2 methods used are in situ repair (ISR), preserving the contingent of intact articular tendon fiber, or tear completion before repair (TCBR) according to the operating surgeon's usual technique. No study with sufficient power has demonstrated a superior technique.

Hypothesis:

The 2 techniques are equivalent in terms of clinical outcome and tendon healing.

Study Design:

Systematic literature review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A systematic review was carried out in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) recommendations on the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from January 2003 through March 2023. Only articles dealing with Ellman grade 3 bursal-sided tears with a minimum follow-up of 1 year were included. Primary endpoints were American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons and Constant-Murley scores, pain on a visual analog scale, and retear rate. The secondary endpoint was recovery of active mobility.

Results:

Twelve studies were included with overlap of 3, leaving 8 ISR studies (360 patients; mean follow-up, 30 months) and 7 TCBR studies (224 patients; mean follow-up, 51 months) for statistical analysis. No significant clinical differences were found when comparing mean American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (92.2 [95% CI, 88.1-96.2] vs 88.9 [95% CI, 85.8-92.0]; P = .21), Constant-Murley (86.3 [95% CI, 81.5-91.0] vs 91.8 [95% CI, 88.1-95.6]; P = .07), and visual analog scale (0.8 [95% CI, 0.2-1.4] vs 1.0 [95% CI, 0.5-1.4]; P = .63) scores in the TCBR and ISR groups, respectively. The retear rate was 6.8% (95% CI, 3.1%-14.3%) in the TCBR group and 9.5% (95% CI, 6.1%-14.3%) in the ISR group ( P = .46). Active mobility was also comparable.

Conclusion:

This meta-analysis suggests that ISR and TCBR provide comparable results in the surgical management of Ellman grade 3 bursal-sided partial-thickness rotator cuff tears.
Development and Validation of the Perfectionism Literacy Questionnaire
Authors: Etherson Marianne E. , Hill Andrew P. , Grugan Michael C. , Madigan Daniel J. , Smith Martin M.
Published: January 2025

Perfectionism is a multidimensional personality characteristic associated with mental health problems. However, its features are commonly misunderstood, and many people are unaware of the risks it can pose. This study aimed to develop the first self-report measure of perfectionism literacy. That is, the degree of knowledge someone has about perfectionism, its features and consequences, and when and where to seek help if needed. The Perfectionism Literacy Questionnaire (PLQ) was validated over four stages using four samples of community adults ( N = 1078 total; Mage = 37.17 years). In stage one, we generated a pool of items. In stage two, we used exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to derive a 29-item, seven-factor measure. In stage three, we assessed relationships between the PLQ, perfectionism, and attitudes toward help-seeking for mental health support and found the PLQ is distinguishable from these constructs. In stage four, we examined whether the PLQ was responsive to change following an educational video on perfectionism. We found tentative evidence that minimal intervention can increase perfectionism literacy. Our findings suggest that the PLQ is valid and reliable and may be useful for educational purposes and primary prevention of mental health problems.
The Relationship Between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Intimate Partner Violence Against Women: The Moderating Effect of Childhood Trauma
Authors: Rahme Clara , Haddad Chadia , Akel Marwan , Khoury Chloe , Obeid Hala , Fekih-Romdhane Feten , Hallit Souheil , Obeid Sahar
Published: January 2025

The study objectives were to test the hypothesis that childhood trauma moderates the associations between early maladaptive schemas (EMS) and intimate partner violence (IPV) among women in the specific Lebanese patriarchal context. This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted on Lebanese women between September and December 2018; 1,655 participants enrolled in this study were from all of Lebanon’s governorates and were selected using an equitable representative sample. The “Disconnection and Rejection” EMS domain showed the strongest correlations with both physical and nonphysical IPV ( r = .46 and r = .51, respectively) in our sample. Moderation analyses findings showed that at low, moderate, and high levels of childhood trauma, greater endorsement of the “Disconnection and Rejection” schema domain was strongly linked to more severe physical and nonphysical IPV. Furthermore, childhood trauma (only at high levels) emerged as a significant moderator in the link between the “Impaired autonomy and performance” domain and physical/nonphysical IPV. High levels of childhood trauma significantly moderated the association between “Other directedness” and nonphysical IPV. Finally, low levels of childhood trauma moderated the link between “Over-vigilance and Inhibition” and physical IPV. Given that EMS are known to be resistant to change, identifying childhood trauma as a moderator in the link between certain specific EMS and IPV can provide novel avenues for the prevention IPV and its long-lasting detrimental consequences. Childhood trauma can be regarded as a target for prevention and intervention, as it can assist in mitigating correlations between EMS and IPV occurrence.
Associations Between the Social Determinants of Health and Risk of Interpersonal Violence Among Black Americans in Rural Alabama
Authors: Littleton Tenesha , Luo Yan , Abura-Meerdink Gloria , Lee Hee Yun
Published: January 2025

Prior research has linked the social determinants of health, such as food insecurity and housing instability, to experiences of interpersonal violence. However, little is known about how the social determinants of health are related to the risk for interpersonal violence among Black Americans living in rural, high-poverty communities in the Deep South. The intersection of rurality, racialized identity, and economic hardship makes this population particularly vulnerable to interpersonal violence, yet this population is underrepresented in the literature. This study examines the association between several social determinants of health (food insecurity, housing instability, transportation problems, social support, and health literacy) and odds of interpersonal violence while controlling for demographic factors and mental and physical health status. Data were obtained from a sample of 182 individuals (98% Black Americans) from two rural sites in Alabama. Logistic regression was used to model the relationship between the social determinants of health and current experiences of interpersonal violence. Moderate-to-severe depression (OR = 2.70, p < .05) and being married or partnered (OR = 2.96, p < .05) were associated with higher odds of interpersonal violence. Higher levels of social support were associated with lower odds of interpersonal violence (OR = 0.87, p < .01). Findings suggest that violence prevention efforts should be tailored to the local cultural context and include efforts to reduce social isolation and address symptoms of depression.
Identification of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA axes and KEGG pathways related to uveal melanoma metastasis
Authors: Zhan Zhiyun , Chen Huilong , Wang Ting , Wang Tingting , Chen Xionggang
Published: January 2025

Background

Uveal melanoma (UM) is a common intraocular malignancy in adults frequently with metastasis and poor survival.

Objective

This study aimed to identify genes, pathways and the ceRNA axes related to the metastasis of UM.

Methods

The GSE73652 dataset was downloaded and 1719 differentially expressed RNAs (DE-RNAs), including 13 lncRNAs, 5 miRNAs, and 1701 genes, were identified in metastatic UM samples compared with non-metastatic ones.

Results

A total of 11 lncRNA-miRNA pairs were identified by interviewing the DIANA-LncBase database. In addition, 49 UM-related KEGG pathways were filtered in CTD with the search term “uveal melanoma”. KEGG pathways involving the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the miRNA targets were found and overlapped with UM-related pathways. Accordingly, two crucial overlapped pathways (Wnt and Chemokine signaling pathway) in UM metastasis were mediated by axes consisting of 6 lncRNAs (such as H19, PVT1 and SNGHG1), 3 miRNAs (including hsa-miR-1228, hsa-miR-106b and hsa-miR-6836) and 12 mRNAs (including CTNNB1, MAP3K7, WNT7B, MAPK10 and PLCB4).

Conclusion

The results showed that the involvement of UM-related Wnt/β-catenin and Chemokine signaling pathways and the ceRNA regulatory axes showed noteworthy interest in UM metastasis.
“Not all care is love”: The impact of love labour and care on the career trajectories of doctorate holders
Authors: Hjálmsdóttir Andrea , Rafnsdóttir Guðbjörg Linda
Published: January 2025

Feminist scholars have argued that care and, by extension, care work, is the foundation of every society, as most social practices and economies rely on it. However, despite the importance of loving and caring, these activities often go unnoticed. This article studies the impact of having to provide care and love on the career trajectories of men and women doctorate holders working within and outside academia in Iceland, a country that has consistently topped the Gender Gap Index since 2009. The findings are based on interviews with 32 doctorate holders. By treating love labour and care as theoretical tools, the analysis revealed that the women interviewees perceived themselves to be responsible for most of their intimate love relationships and nurturing in their families. This is problematic, as love labour is not as easily outsourced as care work. Furthermore, the results showed that men were more likely to occupy certain care roles than to provide love labour. This affords them more time and mental space than is the case for women to establish their careers. While the men viewed this gendered division of labour as a matter of personal choice, the women felt that their options were limited, and experienced feelings of guilt.
Proximal Median Nerve Conduction Velocity Slowing in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: An Observational Retrospective Study
Authors: Subramanian Senthil Kumar , Rajendran Rajathi
Published: January 2025

Background

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy, characterised by compression of the median nerve at the wrist. Traditional understanding views CTS as a distal compression issue, but recent evidence suggests potential proximal involvement.

Purpose

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of proximal median nerve conduction velocity (CV) slowing in CTS patients and examine its association with CTS severity.

Methods

In this retrospective observational study, data were analysed from 80 CTS patients and 40 controls from the Electrophysiology Lab at a tertiary care institute. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) evaluated the median nerve’s conduction velocity and latency. Patients were classified by CTS severity, and nerve conduction parameters were statistically compared between groups.

Results

CTS patients exhibited significantly prolonged distal motor latency (DML) (5.2 ± 0.8 ms) and reduced forearm motor conduction velocity (MCV) (55.3 ± 4.1 m/s) compared to controls ( P < .01). Approximately 27.45% of CTS hands showed proximal median nerve slowing. The severity classification showed that Grade 3 CTS was the most prevalent (47%), followed by Grade 2 (23%) and Grade 1 (10%). There was a negative correlation between distal latency and forearm conduction velocity, suggesting that as distal latency increases, forearm conduction velocity decreases. Post-operatively, significant improvements were observed in distal latency (mean decrease: 1.2 ± 0.5 ms, P < .01), but median nerve conduction velocity remained unchanged. While there was a trend towards improvement in CMAP amplitude, the difference did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion

A subset of CTS cases exhibits reduced proximal median nerve conduction velocity, which correlates with CTS severity. This suggests retrograde degeneration may contribute to CTS pathology, challenging the traditional view of CTS as a purely distal compression disorder.
Cross-country Variations in Infrastructure Development, Inflow of FDI and Quality of Institutions
Authors: Sinha Chaitali , Das Samarjit
Published: January 2025

This study tries to investigate the cross-country variations in infrastructure development among different sets of countries with varying institutional rankings, over time, by building five infrastructure indices. Along with building the total/composite infrastructure index, four other (energy, ICT, finance and transport) sub-indices are also built in this study. The strength of our study lies in the fact that we not only find variations in the total infrastructure development but also within the sub-indices. We have introduced the role of country-specific Institutional quality and inflow of FDI empirically in this regard to determine the cross-country variance in infrastructure development. The core hypothesis of our study is that countries that receive a good amount of FDI inflows will have impressive infrastructure development provided the country-specific institutional quality is high. On the contrary, countries with low institutional indexes may not have a positive association between FDI inflows and infrastructure development. However, there are exceptions. For example, institutionally strong countries like Ireland and Belgium should invest more funds to boost their financial infrastructure sector. On the other hand, another institutionally strong country like Norway should develop its transport infrastructure. In this study, we are mainly interested in the joint impact of FDI inflows with the institutional variable on infrastructure development that has been largely neglected in the empirical literature. Using two-dimensional panel data for FDI inflows for 39 countries over the period 2000–20, we find that the conditional effects are positive and significant. From the policy point of view, we identify the possible areas of the infrastructure of a country that needs capital to be invested and at the same time identify some of the countries that need to improve their institutional quality that will eventually lead to improvement in the infrastructure development. The results of our study are robust to different institutional measures and infrastructure indices.
Developing an M&E system for a wicked problem
Authors: Stephens Anne , Thomas Jill
Published: January 2025

Wicked problems are a challenge due to their dynamic and uncertain behaviour, inter-relationships with multiple systems and sub-systems, actors or non-human variables, and scale. Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is a crucial element of any intervention seeking to contribute to positive change. This article explores a process used to design an M&E system that responds to a wicked problem. The authors argue that wicked problems require an M&E system design that is grounded in systemic thinking. Such an approach has been adopted to design an M&E system for counter-trafficking in persons by the Australian Government funded Australia and South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)-Australian Counter Trafficking program. This article describes the process used to develop the M&E system and the value of using systemic thinking to inform M&E system design for wicked problems and concludes with lessons learned.
The Financial Well-Being Scale: Reliability, Validity, and Clinical Correlates Among Childhood Trauma Survivors
Authors: Huang Chak Hei Ocean , Leung Rachel Hoi Laam , Sit Ka Yan , Tsui Tsz Ying Nathalie , Wong Janet Yuen-Ha , Fung Hong Wang
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study examined the reliability, validity, and clinical correlates of the financial well-being as measured using the CFPB Financial Well-Being Scale (FWBS) among Chinese childhood trauma survivors.

Methods

The sample consisted of childhood trauma survivors in a survey project ( n = 151), with a subsample at follow-up approximately 5 months after baseline ( n = 71). Participants first completed validated screening measures of financial well-being and mental health symptoms at baseline (T1), and then reported their symptoms again at follow-up (T2).

Results

Financial well-being is reliably and validly measured using the FWBS in this sample. T1 financial well-being significantly predicted disturbances in self-organization ( β = −.238, p = .01) and depressive symptoms ( β = −.239, p < .01) at T2.

Discussion

Financial well-being is a reliable and valid construct in this sample. Financial well-being predicted psychological symptoms among childhood trauma survivors. Trauma care services should take financial well-being into consideration.