bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of the introduction of web information systems (WIS) on information policies: An analysis of the Canadian federal government policies related to WIS*
Authors: Dufour Christine , Bergeron Pierrette
Published: January 2005

This communication presents the results of an analysis of the Canadian federal government information policies that govern its Web information systems (WIS). The goal of this study was to better understand how the Canadian federal government has adapted its information policies to the WIS. A side‐by‐side analysis of 53 policy instruments was done. The results indicate that the Canadian federal government has crafted new instruments to take into account the WIS context. These policies build upon generic information management and information technologies policy instruments. These policy instruments have a good coverage of the tasks underlying the WIS life‐cycle. Among the many players present in the policy instruments, one of the key player is the Treasury Board Secretariat that plays an important coordination and evaluation role.
Weighted Markov chains and graphic state nodes for information retrieval
Authors: Benoit G.
Published: January 2005

Decision‐making in uncertain environments, such as data mining, involves a computer user navigating through multiple steps, from initial submission of a query through evaluating retrieval results, determining degrees of acceptability of the results, and advancing to a terminal state of evaluating where the interaction is successful or not. This paper describes iterative information seeking (IS) as a Markov process during which users advance through states of “nodes”. Nodes are graphic objects on a computer screen that represent both the state of the system and the group of users' or an individual user's degree of confidence in an individual node. After examining nodes to establish a confidence level, the system records the decision as weights affecting the probability of the transition paths between nodes. By training the system in this way, the model incorporates into the underlying Markov process users' decisions as a means to reduce uncertainty. The Markov chain becomes a weighted one whereby the IS makes justified suggestions.
Exploration of a geometric model of data fusion
Authors: Ibraev Ulukbek , Ng Kwong Bor , Kantor Paul B.
Published: January 2005

Some aspects of Data Fusion (DF) for Information Retrieval (IR) are explored using a set of data from the Fifth International Conference on Text Retrieval, TREC5. It has been observed from time to time that DF applied to a pair of systems or schemes for IR may yield results that are better than those of either participating scheme. It has been conjectured that this occurs only rarely, or occurs only when poor schemes are being combined, or occurs only for problems in which there are so few relevant documents that the results are probably due to statistical fluctuation. Based on a geometrical model of DF, we derive an equation for effective DF. This equation shows that in the ideal case the performance of a pair of IR schemes may be aproximated by a quadratic polynomial. We statistically test this assumption for TREC5 Routing data. Results of the regression analysis shows that our equation for the effect of DF is generally valid.
Global vs. localized search: A comparison of database selection methods in a hierarchical environment
Authors: Conrad Jack G. , Claussen Joanne Smestad , Yang Changwen
Published: January 2005

In this work, we compare standard global IR searching with more localized techniques to address the database selection problem. We conduct a series of experiments to compare the retrieval effectiveness of three separate search modes using a hierarchically structured data environment of textual databse representations. The data environment is represented as a tree‐like structure containing over 15,000 unique databases and approximately 100,000 total leaf nodes. The search modes consist of varying degrees of browse and search, from a global search at the root node to a refined search at a sub‐node using dynamically‐calculated inverse document frequencies (idfs) to score the candidate databases for probable relevance. Our findings indicate that a browse plus search approach that relies upon localized searching from sub‐nodes in this environment produces the most effective results.
Semantic markup for literary scholars: How descriptive markup affects the study and teaching of literature
Authors: Campbell D. Grant
Published: January 2005

This paper describes a qualitative study, which investigated the attitudes of literary scholars towards the features of semantic markup for primary texts. The scholars were shown seven variations of the same text in XML format, each varying according to the two main features of semantic markup: the separation of structure from layout, and the ability to add interpretive markup to enhance searchability. The responses suggest that, contrary to many popular assumptions, layout is a vital part of the reading process, which implies that the standardization of DTDs begun with the Text Encoding Initiative should extend to styling as well. Second, interpretive markup achieves problematic results: while searchability is improved, the markup threatens to inhibit the reader's experience of the text.
An application practice of the IFLA FRBR model a metadata case study for the National Palace Museum in Taipei
Authors: Chen Ya‐ning , Lin Simon C. , Chen Shu‐jiun
Published: January 2005

In 1998, the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) model which is composed of four entities (work, expression, manifestation and item) and their associative relationships (primary, responsibility and subject), was proposed by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA). The FRBR model can be deployed as a logical framework for proceeding content‐based analysis and developing metadata format. This paper presents a case study of the National Palace Museum (NPM) in Taipei to examine the feasibility of the FRBR model. Based on the examination of case study at the NPM, the FRBR model is proven to be a useful and fundamental framework for content‐based analysis and metadata implementation. We find that the FRBR model is helpful in identifying proper metadata elements organization and their distribution over the FRBR entities. Basically, this model is more suitable for media‐centric and association‐rich contents. However, in order to refine the FRBR model as a common framework for metadata, it would also require supportive mechanisms for management responsibility relationships for the workflow consideration and functionality elements for preservation purpose.
Separating the knowledge layers: Cognitive analysis of search knowledge through hierarchical goal decompositions
Authors: Bhavnani Suresh K. , Bates Marcia J.
Published: January 2005

Hierarchical goal decompositions have proved to be a useful method to make explicit the knowledge required by users to perform tasks in a wide range of applications such as computer‐aided drafting (CAD) systems. This analysis method progressively decomposes a given task starting from the task layer on the top of the decomposition, to the keystroke layer at the bottom. The analysis enables a close inspection of the knowledge required to perform the task at each layer of the decomposition. In this paper we show how the method of hierarchical goal decomposition can be used to understand more precisely the knowledge that is required to perform information search tasks. The analysis pinpoints: (1) the critical strategies in the intermediate layers of knowledge that are known by experts searchers; (2) why such knowledge is difficult to acquire by novice searchers; (3) how the analysis provides testable predictions of behavior based on the acquisition of different types of knowledge. We conclude by discussing the advantages provided by hierarchical goal decompositions, and how such an approach can lead to the design of systems and training.
Probing the process of information source selection using Palm Pilots: A pilot study
Authors: Shim Wonsik
Published: January 2005

The paper describes a pilot study that used PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants or Palm Pilots) to collect data on the information seeking habits of eight undergraduate students. Each student carried a PDA and recorded their information tasks, reasons for those tasks, and an evaluation of the information sources they used. In addition to their own information seeking behaviors in natural settings, the students also performed a set of assigned information seeking tasks. Each information task was treated as a discrete incident. A total of 287 incidents were collected. The data shows that for the majority of the tasks, the students used Internet search engines quite heavily. The data also shows that most information searches do not extend beyond the use of the first information source chosen. This paper describes the methodologies used and discusses how PDAs can be utilized to gather the information seeking behaviors of users.
Locally controlled scholarly publishing via the internet: The guild model
Authors: Kling Rob , Spector Lisa , McKim Geoff
Published: January 2005

Many librarians and scholars believe that the Internet can be used to dramatically improve scholarly communication. During the last decade there has been substantial discussion of five major publishing models where readers could access articles without a fee: electronic journals, hybrid paper‐electronic journals, authors' self‐posting on web sites, free online access to all peer reviewed literature, and disciplinary repositories where authors post their own unrefereed articles. There have been numerous projects within each of these models, as well as extensive discussions about their strengths and limitations. While some of these projects have become important scholarly resources in specific disciplines; none of them has become commonplace across numerous disciplines. There is a sixth model that has been quietly adopted and developed in a number of disciplines – the research publication series called working papers or technical reports that are sponsored by academic departments or research institutes. Many of these manuscript series are available to readers, online, and free of charge. This model – which we call Guild Publishing – has a distinct set of advantages and limitations when compared with the other five publishing models. This article explains the Guild Publishing Model, provides some examples, and discusses its strengths and limitations.
Information failures and catastrophes: What can we learn by linking information studies and disaster research?
Authors: Macintosh‐Murray Anu , Choo Chun Wei
Published: January 2005

The genesis and context of disasters and mishaps raise a set of topics that are of interest for Information Studies; namely, the contributions of information failures as precursors to, as opposed to outcomes of, disasters. There is much to be learned by relating the research in three key areas: disasters, information use environments and behaviours, and culture (i.e., cultural knowledge, and information, safety, and organizational cultures). Patient safety failures in hospitals provide both a timely context and practical examples to illustrate these connections. This paper highlights the linkages and raises questions for information professionals and for future research.
Towards effective evaluation of digital community information systems
Authors: Unruh Kenton T. , Pettigrew Karen E. , Durrance Joan C.
Published: January 2005

Digital Community Information Systems (CIS) are increasing in both size and scale. These systems help people obtain community information (CI) for the myriad situations that arise in everyday life. As these systems migrate to the online environment, increasing complexities and scale provide the impetus for improvements in system design. System re‐design, however, relies on the effective evaluation of digital CIS. Despite the plethora of evaluation frameworks from the systems, organizational, and information retrieval fields, minimal research has directly addressed the issue of digital CIS evaluation. Following a selective review of digital CIS and evaluation approaches, a layered evaluation framework is proposed to guide the evaluation of digital CIS.
Multimodal bivariate thematic maps: Auditory and haptic display
Authors: Jeong Wooseob , Gluck Myke
Published: January 2005

The purpose of this study is to explore the possibility of multimodal bivariate thematic maps by utilizing auditory and haptic displays. With four different modes of display, the completion time of tasks and the recall (retention) rate were measured in two separate experiments. In terms of the completion time, haptic displays seem to interfere with other modalities. However, Color‐Auditory displays performed similarly to Color‐Color displays. For the recall rate, multimodal displays have higher recall rate, with users performing the best on Auditory‐Haptic displays. These findings confirmed the possibility of using auditory and haptic displays in visually dominant geographic information systems (GIS). We speculate that the natural quantitative hierarchies in auditory and haptic displays provide an advantage in the use of multimodal displays.
A model for personal assistance in complex information spaces
Authors: Pereira Javier , Englmeier Kurt , Rojas Claudio
Published: January 2005

Qualitatively enhanced access to data collections requires a more meaningful interface which endows the users with personal agents that are easily adaptable to the users' individual retrieval preferences. Tracking individual needs of users leads to personal digital assistance that appears in the system's interaction mode as the user's personal software agent. The main objective of personal assistance as envisaged here is enabling the system to give the users recommendations that are derived from best practive in information search processes. Best practice reflects the knowledge about how users perform successful retrieval activities and attempt to define the best ways of searching large document collections. Best practices are developed on an individual as well as on a community base.

The model presented here was developed for the information system IRAIA, a portal for economic information from huge data collections of Economic Research Institutes (ERI) and National Statistical Institutions (NSI). The personal agent draws on IRAIA's model of context‐oriented retrieval and observe, record and analye the users' search and navigation by applying concepts of the respective taxonomies.
Examining the relationships among user involvement, profile quality, and information filtering performance
Authors: Zhange Junliang , Mostafa Javed
Published: January 2005

Three major types of user profile acquisition modes employed in diverse filtering systems were identified: a rule‐based user driven mode, an explicit‐learning mode, and an explicit‐learning mode. The main goal of this study was to clarify the influence of different levels of user involvement in these three profile acquisition modes and their impact on profile accuracy and filtering performance. Three versions of a filtering system utilizing the different acquisition modes and a baseline version without a profile acquisition mode were developed. Thirty‐five students were recruited from the Indiana University and were randomly assigned to the four different types of systems (i.e., four experimental groups were formed). Results obtained from the four groups showed that different profile acquisition modes had varying impact on profile accuracy and filtering performance.
Evaluating interest profiles based on users' judgment, interest change, and class specificity in the context of filtering medical documents
Authors: Quiroga Luz M. , Mostafa Javed
Published: January 2005

Quality of profiles is critical for the performance of information filtering systems. A series of experiments were conducted to investigate factors that can impact the profile acquisition process. Profiles in MedSIFTER, the system used in the study, are represented as degrees of interests over a set of fixed classes and for this research were based on established MeSH categories. We collected data from 12 subjects, who used the system in a mode where profile acquisition is exclusively based on feedback provision. User‐provided profiles, machine‐built profiles, transaction log records and written statements of subjects were the main empirical data. Profile similarities and consistency of feedback with explicit preferences for classes were measured. Results suggested that the system captured user preferences better when these preferences involved specific classes and when the user preferences didn't change significantly. Feedback assessments were more conducive to the representation of user preferences when these preferences involved specific classes. Discrepancies between what the subjects stated, when explicitly expressing their preferences, and what they actually did, when providing feedback, pointed to key factors related to the representation and modeling of the documents and profiles.
Influences of demographic characteristics of community network users on their perceptions and use of the network
Authors: Kwon Nahyun
Published: January 2005

This study attempted to identify the generally unknown demographic profiles of current community network users. The study also attempted to examine how an individual's demographic characteristics affect use when perceptions and attitudes are taken into account. Data were collected from 417 randomly selected current and former users of a community network in a Midwestern U.S. community, using both mail and Web survey questionnaires. The study findings showed that community network services seem to have reached a broad range of the population, in contrast to the earlier perception of typical Internet or community network users as highly educated young males with high incomes. The study also showed that demographic variables were not effective predictors of use. These findings would help to assess the degree to which a community network's primary goal, providing equal access to the Internet for local residents, is being achieved. The study findings would also help community network providers to redesign their services according to the changing demographic characteristics of their targeted users.
The U.S. Library Program: Analysis of the Impact on Staff in Louisiana Public Libraries
Authors: Robins David , King Monica , Landry David O.
Published: January 2005

The U.S. Library Program is in the process of donating computers to public library buildings across the country. This paper reports the results of a survey conducted shortly after the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, through its U.S. Library Program, awarded a statewide grant of computers and software to public libraries in the state of Louisiana. The aim of the survey was to gather data about the grant's impact on, staff in these libraries, many of which had no prior implementation of computing technology.
Image attributes: A study of scientific diagrams
Authors: Brunskill Jeff , Jörgensen Corinne
Published: January 2005

In recent years, advancements in imaging technology have fostered a dramatic increase in user access to digital images. In accordance with this trend, greater emphasis has been placed on efforts to develop adequate indexing and retrieval methods for image databases. However, lacking a detailed basis upon which to derive such methods, relevant efforts are often developed based upon an inconsistent set of general theories and assumptions regarding user needs and search strategies. Citing the realistic need for an empirical basis to address these issues, recent efforts have focused upon human subject testing as a means to ascertain the general attributes humans use when describing certain images. The following paper details the preliminary results of a relevant effort to explore the attributes naïve subjects use to describe scientific diagrams. Results of this investigation are intended to expand the current subset of images explored through this methodological approach, as well as explore the importance of certain image attributes across different types of visual representations.
Thinking with images: An exploration into information retrieval and knowledge generation
Authors: Weedman Judith
Published: January 2005

This paper reports a study of a social scientist's use of images in her research. Analysis of the verbs she used to describe her work identified three functions that images fill, those of tool for thinking, carrier of information, and memory system. Different functions were important at different stages of the research. The scholar's searches for images are also described. The paper makes the argument that, although research on information retrieval has generally ended the consideration of the interaction between document and user at the point where the text is found and judged to be relevant or not, this separation of retrieval from use circumscribes understanding of both.
What do users see? Exploring the cognitive nature of functional image retrieval
Authors: Greisdorf, Howard , O'Connor, Brian
Published: January 2005

Images cannot just be labeled. The vexing issues surrounding functional access to digitized images have come to the fore as a major concern in the realm of information retrieval. Constant overlap as well as a lack of consistent membership among and between images continues to challenge the efficacy of retrieval systems development. Analysis of user viewing and categorization furnishes additional evidence that what viewers see is not necessarily the objects pictured, may not even be present in an image, or represents a wide variety of possible descriptions. This investigation looks at how users view images in relation to how they can be described (categorized) and in what manner they match other images in the same collection. The results provide an indication that what viewers see depends as much on who they are as it does on what they see. While traditional methods of image retrieval have mostly focused on indexing techniques that encompass object descriptions and more recent approaches through contentbased aspects of digitized imagery, it appears that these systems could be improved by enabling subjective engagement with retrieved images to identify additional access points derived from the adumbrative, impressionistic, and many times abstract nature of user cognitive engagements with the images retrieved.
GeoSearcher: Geospatial ranking of search engine results
Authors: Watters Carolyn , Amoudi Ghada
Published: January 2005

Current search engines build indices based on keyword occurrence and frequency and use this information along with link and usage analysis to rank the results of Boolean query negotiation. This approach is fast, robust, and generic but produces the same ranked order of the results no matter the intent of the user. Some queries are related to physical locations and distances. Queries of this type are common including; finding activities, online browsing for shopping, finding schools, planning trips, and, perhaps, finding the closest Italian restaurant.

In this paper, we describe a prototype system that provides dynamic ranking of search engine results for queries with a geospatial dimension based on the URL of the host site. We evaluate this approach using both user queries and random web pages. This work makes a contribution to the retrieval experience on the web by providing an alternative ranking order for search engine results. This means that users with queries with a geospatial concern can more readily exploit the results of general search engine results.
Touch, talk, think – technology: Experience and explore educational Web portals with experts. Sponsored by SIG HCI
Authors: Stefl‐Mabry Joette , Lynch Barbara , Hatcher April
Published: January 2005

This interactive panel session is designed to create a “knowledge share‐in” with corporate analysts, educators, and information scientists. This session will provide an opportunity for participants to collaboratively explore and share technologies, methodologies, and epistemologies.
The role of “unpublished” research in the scholarly communication of scientists: Digital preprints and bioinformation databases. Sponsored by SIG STI, SIG BIO, SIG PUB
Authors: Hurd Julie , Brown Cecelia M. , Bartlett Joan , Krietz Pat , Paris Greg
Published: January 2005

The advent of the Internet has stimulated the emergence of novel methods of scientific discourse that have the potential to alter traditional communication channels. On a larger scale, new digital information resources have the capacity to change both the way scientists work and the core of scientific knowledge. Historically the hallmark of scientific communication has been the publication of research findings in a peer‐reviewed journal. On its route to the journal, the research may be communicated in many other forms, including conference proceedings, technical reports, and preprints. Recently, models of scientific communication have been updated to include electronic submission of manuscripts, virtual conferences, e‐mail, and online journal publication. In fact, electronic preprints have become a primary mode of information dissemination in physics and astronomy. In contrast, biomedical scientists are reluctant to accept the electronic preprint as a viable mode for their scholarly communication due to the lack of peer‐review and the uncertain permanence of electronic storage. These same scientists, however, are willing to share their DNA and protein sequence data by depositing it in a variety of the more than 200 publicly available web‐based databases including GenBank and the EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database.

The panelists in this session will discuss the current and potential impact of these large, dynamic, yet not peer‐reviewed, information warehouses on the scholarly communication of scientific researchers. Their insights will provide a fresh prospective on the ways scientists in a range of disciplines are coping with the 21st century digital information flood.
The new un‐wired frontier: Wireless computing in library and information centers. Sponsored by SIG LAN
Authors: Gregory Vicki L. , Terrell Tom , Heath Fred , Rosenoff Doug
Published: January 2005

The accelerating pace of technological change in the realm of electronic information storage and delivery continues to shunt aside, often unexpectedly, whatever the current “highest” technology may have been in favor of the next advance, sometimes virtually eliminating a technology, as in the case of videodiscs and a number of floppy‐disc storage systems, or spurring a re‐invigoration, such as the rise of the cable modem in response to the potential of telcoprovided ADSL services. In just the very recent past, we spoke confidently of those on the “bleeding edge” of technology as being “wired,” for whom a magazine of the same name became a publishing phenomena in the early 1990's. Now the frontrunner position in information delivery appears to be held by the “wireless” revolutionaries. Today more and more information services are becoming available in various versions of the wireless context. Differing scenarios of wireless computing and information delivery in library and information centers and by commercial information vendors, will be discussed along with an assessment of the future of wireless computing, what its ramifications may be for both traditional and today's fully‐wired libraries, and whether and for how long wireless will likley remain the forerunner in the game of technological leapfrog.
Information science and intelligence work: Mutual history lessons from the Cold War. Sponsored by SIG HFIS
Authors: Williams Robert V. , Lipetz Ben‐Ami , Levine Emil , Marling George L. , Strickland Lee S. , McClure Edward M. , Brunt Rodney
Published: January 2005

This session is a continuation of a similar program presented at ASIS&T annual conference in 2001. The 2001 program explored the extent to which information science and intelligence work have, or could have, influenced the practices, work patterns, problems, and outcomes of each other in the past. This program considers the same types of issues but will be predominantly focused on the Cold War period. It will examine such questions as what intelligence workers learned about information science concepts and tools on their jobs, how this knowledge contributed to their work as intelligence professionals, what they should have known (or now wish they had known) about information science, and the role of intelligence in such areas as competitive intelligence, information retrieval, and indexing. Both historical and theoretical perspectives will be emphasized–along with some interesting stories. The panelists come from a variety of types of intelligence work in different countries over a period of about 50 years. We will NOT have to kill you after you hear this session!
A state‐of‐the‐art of content analysis. Sponsored by SIG IAE, SIG ALP
Authors: Hall Deanna Morrow , West Mark D. , Germeraad Paul , Vogel Claude , Porter Alan L.
Published: January 2005

The concept and methodologies of computer‐aided content analysis emerged early (e.g. Stone, 1966), but have evolved more or less independently in three fields: literary studies, mass communication, and intelligence. However, neither the concept nor the methodologies have received much attention within the ASIST community in the context of generic analysis of information. The purpose of this session is to provide an introduction to the subject by Mark D. West (editor of the most recent book on the subject (West, 2001)) followed by presentations from three companies (Aurigin Systems, Inc.; Semio Corp.; Search Technology, Inc.) which have commercially‐available systems for business applications.
DataMining for healthcare professionals. Sponsored by SIG MED
Authors: Gray Y' vonne D. , Liddy Elizabeth D. , Sanders Dale , Small Henry , Ahip Kathy Moeller, Mls,
Published: January 2005

The digitalization of data has provided healthcare providers with a venue to collect, store and retrieve large amounts of documents in databases, data warehouses, and data repositories. However, one of the challenges posed is how to interpret meaningful information from this data. The citation analysis, cluster analysis and discovery of knowledge hidden in these databases, can provide organizations with insight into there own internal intellectual assets. The speakers in this session will provide some recent developments, utilization and benefits in the area of data exploration. In addition key components for implementing a successful data mining model will be discussed.
Informetric applications for information retrieval research. Sponsored by SIG CRS, SIG MET
Authors: Wolfram Dietmar , Ajiferuke Isola , Downie J. Stephen , Nelson Michael J. , Zhang Jin
Published: January 2005

Informetric aspects of information retrieval system content and use are introduced and discussed. Examples of research that employ informetric methodologies for information retrieval research are presented along with applications for system design, evaluation, and usage.
Visualizing knowledge domains. Sponsored by SIG CR, SIG VIS
Authors: Rasmussen Edie , Atkins Helen Barsky , Borner Katy , McCain Katherine W.
Published: January 2005

Information visualization can be a powerful tool for simplifying access to complex material. This panel will explore the use of visualization techniques to organize and display the structure of knowledge in subject domains, and the extent to which it is successful in clarifying the scope of individual fields and the relationships between concepts within fields and with related fields. New work in topic maps and other visualization techniques for scientific disciplines will be presented.
Global information village plaza ‐ Celebrating SIG/III 20th anniversary. Sponsored by SIG III
Authors: Menou Michel J. , Caidi Nadia
Published: January 2005

This session is part of an interactive process aimed at giving ASIS&T members an opportunity to express their personal views about the challenges and opportunities that the so called “information society” represents in their personal and professional lives. This process is due to run from July through December 2002. It will include posting and discussion by those interested of short position statements on the ASIS&T and other professional listervs. Selected statements will be summarized through a series of panels. During the session participats in the Annual Meeting will be invited to first browse through the panels and comment in writing. A general discussion will later on take place. SIG/III plans to publish a summary of the process and its outcome.
The changing face of scientific communication: Developing new models for scholarly publishing in the electronic environment. Sponsored by SIG STI, SIG PUB
Authors: Vaughan K. T. L. , Blixrud Julia , Hahn Karla L. , Cohn David
Published: January 2005

The development of the Internet as a scholarly communication tool and the subsequent (apparent) decline of the print journal are causing great changes in historical systems of scientific communication. Not all of these changes have been positive. The two‐decades long “serials crisis” in subscriptions costs, paired with the increasing recognition that copyright management is of vital importance to the flow of information, has prompted many in scholarly communication fields to call for a sea change in how scientists formally share information. At the same time, the Internet offers novel means of transforming scholarly communication beyond the idea of the traditional journal. We are experiencing the birth pangs of this transformation now. Scientists and libraries are faced with many questions surrounding legal, social, and political issues in the scholarly sphere. These include copyright, peer review, tenure and promotion practices, cost, access versus ownership, and archiving. Speakers will discuss those issues in light of projects and new journals being published in a variety of venues, particularly evolutionary ecology and computer science research.
Open sourcing the digital library: Open source digital library tools & infrastructure. Sponsored by SIG DL, SIG LAN, SIG PUB
Authors: Calarco Pascal V. , Frumkin Jeremy , Bailey‐Hainer Brenda , Staples Thornton
Published: January 2005

Although generalized architectures for digital libraries are still being defined, we now have a good understanding of the components that support the services of a digital library. Many of these components are or are based on open source software ‐ and for good reason. This session details the different areas of a digital library architecture, and demonstrates how open source software is an important component in the digital library. Several open source or community source projects with be detailed in depth, and the panelists will discuss successes and challenges in utilizing open source software in library settings.
Current relevance research. Sponsored by SIG USE
Authors: White Marilyn Domas , Schamber Linda , Barry Carol , Bateman Judith
Published: January 2005

After a brief overview of the status of relevance research in the 1990's, this panel reports on ongoing relevance research addressing developing a standardized evaluation instrument, identifying information traits used to determine presence or absence of relevance criteria, and identifying relevance criteria for new types of material: web pages and responses to questions on electronic lists. Audience members will be encouraged to comment on their own research during the discussion period.
Bioinformatics in information science education. Sponsored by SIG BIO, SIG ED
Authors: Harmon Glynn , Garfield Eugene , Paris Greg , Marchionini Gary , Fagan Jody
Published: January 2005

To support the introduction of bioinformatics education into information science curricula, panel members and other participants will attempt to define briefly the nature and scope of bioinformatics and its significance for information science education. Discussions will also explore emerging opportunities for program graduates in bioinformatics research, professional practice, and enterprise.
The library of the future: Interweaving the virtual and the physical. Sponsored by SIG USE, SIG DL, SIG ED
Authors: Roderer Nancy K. , Dugdale Shirley , Wildemuth Barbara , Brandt Kerryn , Hurd Julie
Published: January 2005

It is increasingly easy to imagine the time in the future when most of the information and some of the support needed by library users is available electronically. The ways that people will interact with information will change, and libraries will need to design spaces that seamlessly combine the physical and the virtual. Such a library environment of the future is approaching quite rapidly in some disciplines. This panel uses a recent architectural study conducted by Hillier and DEGW Architectural Consultants for the Welch Medical Library of Johns Hopkins University to explore the implications of the library of the future on the design of the physical library facilities, considering especially changing patterns of use and the roles of librarians.
Conceptions of information as evidence. Sponsored by SIG HFIS
Authors: Furner Jonathan , Bates Marcia J. , Buckland Michael K. , Gilliland‐Swetland Anne J.
Published: January 2005

The concepts of evidence and information are both central to the theory and practice of many fields. Among different fields, however, there is little explicit consensus on the nature of the relationship between the two concepts. One of the tasks of information studies is to explore and evaluate conceptions of information as evidence.
Foundations of digital libraries: Organizational & management issues. Sponsored by SIG DL, SIG MGT
Authors: McNeill‐Harman Katherine , Roderick Elizabeth , Branschofsky Margret , Arms Caroline
Published: January 2005

Digital libraries are at a point in their progression where many have been well established. Furthermore, groups in the field have begun to develop best practices in areas such as digitization and metadata architecture. However, other areas have been less discussed, namely the organizational and management issues that digital libraries must address. These issues include staffing, collaboration among departments or institutions, budgeting, and the strategies that digital libraries use to ensure long‐term sustainability for projects. Panelists in this session will discuss the strategies that they have used to meet the organizational and management needs of their digital library projects.
Virtual reference: Evolution, evaluation, optimizing the link between providers and users. Sponsored by SIG STI, SIG ED, SIG MGT
Authors: Fenske Ruth E. , O'Connor Penny , Coffman Steve , McClure Charles R. , Sloan Bernie
Published: January 2005

Interactive reference service over the World Wide Web is offered now or coming soon at most academic libraries and growing numbers of public libraries. Virtual reference allows library staff to provide a new range of services to remote users, and also to reach a growing number of people who have enthusiastically adopted the World Wide Web as their preferred medium for communicating and conducting business. The web environment offers new opportunities to deliver information. Providers can chat online, guide a user through a search, push web pages, or scan and show pages from print sources.

These capabilities have potential to change the way reference is done. Yet as providers of a real‐world service, library administrators need to measure effectiveness in order to improve the service, and to demonstrate effective use of resources. This panel will explore trends, possibilities and the quality imperative that virtual reference brings.
Knowledge management and organizational climate. Sponsored by SIG KM
Authors: McInerney Claire , Davenport Elisabeth , Bekar Carol
Published: January 2005

Knowledge management (KM), or the sharing of knowledge in an organization, is frequently described as a process that captures tacit knowledge and makes it explicit. However, the matter of human values in KM has often been ignored or forgotten in the knowledge management literature. The papers presented by this panel emphasize the importance of human values, trust, and emotion in establishing a climate for KM in the workplace. The speakers, from education and industry, present lessons learned from research and knowledge gained from practical experience in the field.
Bridging the digital divide as capacity building for the information economy. Sponsored by John Agada and SIG III
Authors: Menou Michel J. , Agada John , Courtright Christina
Published: January 2005

The session will examine the challenges of bridging the digital divide, drawing on experiences from Nigeria and EI Salvador, and advocate for policy solutions that streamline ICT programs with national development efforts of local public, private and civic society sectors.
Community and forms of knowledge. Sponsored by SIG KM, SIG HFIS
Authors: Day Ronald E. , Davenport Elisabeth , Lievrouw Leah A.
Published: January 2005

The relation between forms of knowledge and the past, present, and future shape of communities remains an increasingly acute problem as new digital systems emerge to shape and reshape communities and how we may imagine and enact communities. This panel explores these issues according to empirical and theoretical approaches.
Current research in digital image management. Sponsored by SIG VIS
Authors: Turner James M , Besser Howard , Goodrum Abby A , Hastings Samantha K
Published: January 2005

This panel brings together four LIS researchers in the area of the management of digital images. It offers a look at some of their research activities with a view to providing an update on a number of aspects of research in this important area. Each panelist will provide a brief summary of current research activities with regard to still or moving images. This will be followed by a discussion of how these activities fit into the broader portrait of image research, identification of the main research issues in image management, and an indication of where development is needed.
Subject metadata from the other side. Sponsored by SIG CR
Authors: Miksa Francis , Qin Jain , Greenberg Jane , O'Neill Edward T. , Pasch Grete
Published: January 2005

Professional indexers are often preferred for creating high quality subject metadata because of their expert knowledge (Weinheimer, 2000), but they are costly and limited in availability (Griffin & Thomas, 1999). This fact, together with the continued rapid growth of the World Wide Web (web), have encouraged other classes of persons' to be involved in subject metadata production (Lynch, 1997). Precedent exists in the print environment where authors contribute subject keywords and abstracts to scientific and scholarly publications, which are then used in commercial information systems. Can authors create good quality subject metadata for web‐based digital resources? What other classes of persons, without professional training, might assign subject metadata to digital resources? What tools are there to assist non‐professionals in producing subject metadata? This panel examines these questions. Specific topics addressed include the creation of subject metadata by government employees and research scientists who have subject expertise but no professional training in metadata creation, implicit subject metadata found on a sample of webpages documenting Central America, and an overview of FAST (Faceted Application of Subject Terminology), a tool that makes Library of Congress Subject Headings' (LCSH) rich vocabulary easier to understand and use.
How physicians' answers relate to health consumers' questions
Authors: Slaughter Laura , Soergel Dagobert
Published: January 2005

This study examines the semantic relationships in consumers' health‐related questions, physician‐provided answers, and between questions and answers with the purpose of supporting the design of health consumer question‐answering systems. The information present in the text was expressed using a “pilot” ontology that was based on the semantic relationships from the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) Semantic Network. The extracted semantic relationships were represented as a set of instances in a frame‐based system. An analysis of these instances led to an understanding of how answers are related to questions. A total of 509 semantic relationship instances were identified in twelve question‐answer messages (97 in the questions, 334 in the answers, 78 implied between question and answer concepts). The frequencies of relationship instances appearing in the texts were evaluated. In only half of the question‐answer messages analyzed was there a direct match linking the semantic relationships in the question to those in the answer. All answers contained expansions of one or more question concepts. These concept expansions used many relationship types such as treats and results_in.
Haystacks and hypotheses
Authors: Demaine Jeffrey , Martin Joel , De Bruijn Berry
Published: January 2005

This paper describes the EurekaSeek bibliometric technique for automated linked‐literature analysis. The MEDLINE database of biomedical literature is iteratively searched in order to identify research opportunities in the form of conceptual linkages between terms. As a tool for identifying undiscovered public knowledge, EurekaSeek is a variation on the techniques of Swanson and Smalheiser. EurekaSeek uses medical subject headings instead of text analysis in a fully automated search process, thereby eliminating the reliance on expert input during the process of linking literatures. In this paper, the EurekaSeek process is tested by retroactively examining the co‐occurrence of terms in the published literature. The hypothesis tested in this paper is whether this tool, had it existed in the past, could have identified conceptual linkages that occurred only later in the literature. In addition, EurekaSeek is compared against a process that considers all potential term‐to‐term relationships. The list of terms that EurekaSeek produces is a subset of all potential linked literature terms. The experiment shows that EurekaSeek produces a higher percentage of likely hypotheses than when all terms are considered. While the proportion of identified linkages generated is still too small for the process to be a practical aid to research, statistically significant results were achieved. Metaphorically speaking, EurekaSeek identifies a higher proportion of needles per haystack.
An approach to protein name extraction using heuristics and a dictionary
Authors: Seki Kazuhiro , Mostafa Javed
Published: January 2005

This paper proposes a method for protein name extraction from biological texts. Our method exploits hand‐crafted rules based on heuristics and a set of protein names (dictionary). In contrast to previously proposed methods, our approach avoids the use of natural language processing tools such as part‐of‐speech taggers and syntactic parsers so as to improve processing speed. We implemented a prototype system for protein name extraction based on our method and conducted evaluation experiments. The result showed that our system produces outcome comparable to the state‐of‐the‐art protein name extraction system on multiple corpora.
Information gathering revealed within the social network of line‐managers
Authors: Mackenzie Maureen L.
Published: January 2005

This year's ASIST theme of humanizing information technology invites inquiry into the human elements that influence information behavior. The results of this qualitative study revealed that relationship, more than knowledge, may be the reason a manager is sought as an information source within a business environment. The context was a large business unit within a major US corporation. Social network mapping was selected as the appropriate method so as to capture a more intimate view of the information relationships within a business environment. Content analysis was used to analyze the data and to draw out the themes. The non‐hierarchical flow of knowledge among managers and the reasons managers seek others as information sources further differentiates and documents line‐managers as a unique information user‐group.