bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENURUNAN EMISI GAS BUANG MOTOR DIESEL KAPAL DENGAN ELEKTROLISIS AIR LAUT
Authors: Ariana I Made
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menurunkan emisi gas buang motor diesel kapal secara simultan dengan elektrolisis air laut. Tiga polutan udara, yaitu NOx, SOx, dan partikulat direduksi dengan cara menyemprotkan hasil elektrolisis air laut melalui scrubber ke gas buang motor diesel kapal. Motor diesel merk Dong Feng-tipe R175A dengan daya dan putaran maksimum 6.6 HP dan 2600 rpm digunakan dalam pengujian ini. Motor dioperasikan dengan bahan bakar Marine Diesel Oil pada putaran 2400 rpm dalam berbagai beban. Pembebanan dilakukan dengan generator listrik dan dihubungkan dengan panel lampu-lampu listrik. Pembebanan divariasikan pada daya pemakaian 500, 1500, dan 2500 watt. Variasi juga dilakukan terhadap laju aliran gas buang yang masuk ke dalam scrubber, dengan mengatur katup pipa gas buang. Variasi yang dilakukan adalah 100% dan 75% aliran gas buang ke scrubber. Nilai pH dan emisi gas buang diukur di titik sebelum dan sesudah scrubber. Pengukuran pH dilakukan di dekat anoda dan katoda untuk mengetahui laju pembentukan larutan asam dan basa yang akan disemprotkan ke scrubber. Kandungan NOx, SOx, dan partikulat diukur pada berbagai variasi pembebanan. Elektrolisis air laut menghasilkan larutan asam dan basa hingga harga pH mencapai 5 dan 12. Metode ini dapat menurunkan konsentrasi NOx, SOx, dan PM secara berturut–turut hingga mencapai 76%, 75%,dan 42%.
HIGIENISASI DAN APLIKASI URIN MANUSIA SEBAGAI PUPUK MINERAL PADA TANAMAN SAWI HIJAU (Brassica rapa)
Authors: Prihandrijanti Maria
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan pupuk mineral dari urin manusia untuk tanaman dan membandingkan efektifiitas pupuk mineral pada tanaman uji pada variasi jenis tanah. Tanaman uji yang digunakan adalah sawi (Brassica rapa). Di awal penelitian dilakukan proses higienisasi untuk membunuh bakteri patogen dalam urin, yaitu Salmonella sp dan Shigella sp. Proses higienisasi dilakukan dengan mengubah pH urin menjadi pH 2 dan pH 9 serta menyimpannya di dalam dan di luar ruangan selama 1 bulan. Sebelum proses higienisasi dimulai, dilakukan analisa konsentrasi awal N-total, P-total, K, TOC, fecal coli, dan bakteri patogen (Salmonella sp. dan Shigella sp.) dalam sampel urin segar. Di akhir masa penyimpanan dilakukan kembali analisa konsentrasi N-total, P-total, K, TOC, fecal coli, dan bakteri patogen (Salmonella sp. dan Shigella sp.) terhadap urin. Setelah itu urin diaplikasikan pada tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyimpanan urin selama kurang lebih sebulan telah menghilangkan patogen yang terkandung dalam urin. Aplikasi urin sebagai pupuk tanaman sayur, khususnya sawi hijau (Brassica rapa), menunjukkan hasil pertumbuhan yang lebih baik dibandingkan sawi yang diberi pupuk NPK dan tanpa pupuk.
METODE ESTIMASI PENYEBARAN POLUTAN DI UDARA
Authors: Apriliani Erna
Published: April 2018

Estimasi penyebaran polutan perlu dilakukan agar dapat diketahui tingkat polusi suatu lokasi, sehinggadapat digunakan untuk menentukan langkah-langkah pengurangannya. Pada penelitian ini dibahas beberapametode yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan estimasi penyebaran polutan di udara. Metode yangdigunakan yaitu: metode numerik (metode Euler dan Runge Kutta), metode asimilasi data (filter Kalman),dan metode Recursive Least Square (RLS). Langkah-langkah dari ketiga metode tersebut dijelaskan besertahasil simulasinya. Tingkat akurasi dari ketiga metode tersebut tidak dibandingkan, tapi dianalisis beberapakelebihan dan kelemahan masing-masing metode. Lokasi yang diambil adalah Kota Surabaya. Konsentrasipolutan karbonmonoksida. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah metode numerik kurang tepat digunakanuntuk estimasi sesuai kondisi nyata yang sangat bervariatif, metode RLS membutuhkan data konsentrasipolutan terurut yang cukup banyak pada posisi tertentu, sedangkan metode asimilasi data dapatdipergunakan untuk estimasi konsentrasi polutan dengan data yang jauh lebih sedikit dan dapatmengestimasi untuk banyak lokasi sesuai yang diinginkan.
PENURUNAN KEKERUHAN DAN WARNA AIR SUMUR GALI MENGGUNAKAN KOAGULAN BIJI KELOR DAN FILTRASI KARBON AKTIF
Authors: Hamzani Sulaiman , Suhenry Sri , Pramudyo Isworo
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan dosis optimum koagulan biji kelor dan menghasilkan ketebalan filtrasi karbon aktif dalam penurunan tingkat kekeruhan dan warna hingga memenuhi syarat baku mutu air minum. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah uji jartest koagulan biji kelor dengan variasi dosis 10-80 mg/L, selanjutnya dosis optimum digunakan pada proses koagulasi-flokulasi dan filtrasi dengan variasi karbon aktif granular ketebalan 10-100 cm pada tabung filter diameter 4”. Tingkat kekeruhan diukur dengan turbidimeter dan warna dengan colorimeter. Hasil yang diperoleh sesudah pengolahan untuk tingkat kekeruhan 2 NTU (efisiensi penurunan 95,6%) dan warna 10 TCU (efisiensi penurunan 88,9%). Kombinasi pengolahan ini mampu memenuhi persyaratan kualitas air minum dengan dosis optimum koagulan biji kelor 60 mg/L dan filter karbon aktif dengan ketebalan 100 cm.

This study aims to determine the optimum dose of coagulant Moringa seed and produce active carbon filtration thickness decreased turbidity and color levels to meet drinking water quality standard requirements. Research methodology is a jar test moringa seeds with variations coagulant dose 10-80 mg/L, then the optimum dose used in the coagulation-flocculation and filtration with granular activated carbon variations in the thickness of 10-100 cm in diameter filter tubing 4 ". Turbidity levels measured by turbidimeter and colors with a colorimeter. The results obtained after treatment for 2 NTU turbidity level (efficiency 95.6% decrease) and a color of 10 TCU (efficiency 88.9% decrease). Combination treatment is able to meet the quality requirements of drinking water with optimum coagulant dose moringa seed 60 mg/L and an activated carbon filter with a thickness of 100 cm.
KADAR DEBU AMBIEN PADA JALUR YANG DILALUI DAN TIDAK DILALUI ANGKUTAN BATUBARA DI KOTA BANJARBARU KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Sholihah Qomariyatus
Published: April 2018

Kalimantan Selatan mempunyai kasus transportasi yang jarang sekali ditemui pada kota-kota lain di dunia. Jalan raya tidak saja digunakan untuk melayani kepentingan umum tapi digunakan juga untuk usaha pertambangan salah satu yang paling dominan yaitu pertambangan batubara. Kegiatan ini mengakibatkan dampak terhadap kesehatan masyarakat, karena besarnya kadar debu yang ada di udara ambien pada jalur lintasan angkutan batubara. Tujuan penelitian untuk menentukan  kadar debu di jalan yang dilintasi dan tidak oleh angkutan batubara dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Metode penelitian bersifat deskriftif yang menggambarkan kadar debu ambien di sepanjang jalan trikora Banjarbaru dengan pengukuran secara purposive sampling. Pengukuran di lakukan pada jam 18.00-06.00 WITA karena pada saat itu banyak truk pengangkut batubara yang melintas. Alat yang digunakan Dust Sampler tipe high volume sampler (HVS-500). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kadar debu rata-rata pada ruas jalan yang dilintasi angkutan batubara 92,6 – 305,6 µg/m3, sedangkan pada ruas jalan yang tidak dilintasi angkutan batubara rata-rata 58,9 – 255,3 µg/m3. Kadar debu tertinggi terukur pada periode jam 18.00-00.00 WITA karena pada jam-jam tersebut kendaraan yang melintas lebih banyak.  

South Kalimantan experienced a very district transportation case which is not found elsewhere in the world. The road was not only used for public purposes but also for mining bussiness purposes, dominantly coal mining. The activities affected human health because of particulate matter in the ambient along the road for coal transport. Therefore, the aim of this research was to determine particulate matter (PM) concentration on the roads used for transporting coal and roads which were only for public. The analysis method is descriptive to picture PM content in the ambient along Trikora Banjarbaru St. Using purposive sampling. Meassurement were done betwen 6.00 PM – 6.00 AM WITA to accommodate coal truck traffic. The device used was high volume dust sampler (HVS-500). Research showed that PM average concentration on roads used for coal transport was 92.5 – 305.6 µg/m3, whereas on the roads speerfically only for public the value weere 58,9 – 255,3 µg/m3 . Higest PM content was monitored betwen 6.00 PM – 12.00 PM WITA due to traffic volume on that particular hour interval.
UJI KINERJA MEMBRAN NANOFILTRASI ZEOLIT UNTUK MENAPIS NITRAT DAN AMONIUM AIR LIMBAH PRODUKSI TAHU
Authors: Nugroho Andriono Sapto
Published: April 2018

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi proses sintesis serta karakteristik membran nanofiltrasi dengan bahan baku zeolit alam secara spesifik serta mencari efektifitas kinerja zeolit sebagai membran nanofiltrasi untuk menurunkan kadar nitrat dan amonium dalam limbah cair tahu yang ada di Surabaya. Metode yang digunakan dalam mengurangi bahkan menghilangkan nitrat dan amonium serta dapat mengoptimalkannya, adalah dengan menentukan ukuran partikel zeolit 40 mesh serta durasi proses centrifuge selama 10 menit dengan penambahan NH4Cl sebagai porogen dan penambahan lapisan pendukung PEG 400 sebagai kekuatan membran.

Kinerja membran zeolit nanofiltrasi sangat baik dan efektif dalam menapis nitrat dan amonium, dimana permeabilitas membran zeolit nanofiltrasi tertinggi pada ukuran partikel 40 mesh dengan durasi centrifuge 10 menit dengan nilai 3.81 L/m2.jam serta permselektivitas membran zeolit tertinggi dalam menapis nitrat pada ukuran partikel 40 mesh dengan durasi centrifuge10 menit dengan nilai 57.72% pada volume limbah 25% sedangkan permselektivitas membran zeolit tertinggi dalam menapis amonium pada ukuran partikel 40 mesh dengan durasi 10 menit dengan nilai 98.18% pada volume limbah 75%.
PENURUNAN WARNA DAN TSS LIMBAH CAIR TENUN SARUNG SAMARINDA MENGGUNAKAN KITOSAN DARI LIMBAH CANGKANG KEPITING
Authors: Rahayu Dwi Ermawati , Aulia Sheila
Published: April 2018

Industri rumah tangga pembuatan sarung tenun Samarinda menghasilkan limbah cair dengan konsentrasi TSS dan warna yang melebihi baku mutu sehingga memerlukan pengolahan sebelum dibuang ke badan air. Salah satu unit pengolahan yang dapat digunakan adalah unit koagulasi flokulasi dengan menambahkan koagulan. Jenis koagulan yang dapat digunakan salah satunya adalah koagulan dari bahan alam yaitu berasal dari kitosan limbah cangkang kepiting. Tahapan penelitian ini dimulai dengan mempersiapkan koagulan dari kepiting dengan tahapan isolasi kitin yang meliputi tahap demineralisasi, deproteinasi, deasetilasi. Tahap selanjutnya adalah dengan metode jar tes untuk menentukan dosis optimum untuk menurunkan parameter TSS dan warna dari limbah tenun sarung Samarinda. Analisa laboratorium dilakukan terhadap parameter pH, TSS, warna, volume flok yang terbentuk selama jar test. Hasil penelitian dari analisa FTIR menunjukkan bahwa limbah cangkang kepiting mempunyai derajat deasetilasi sebesar 74,25% yang menunjukkan sebagai kitosan yang mengandung gugus amina dalam rantai karbonnya yang bermuatan positif sehingga dapat berfungsi mendestabilisasi koloid yang bermuatan negatif. Dosis optimum pada pengolahan limbah cair ini dengan menggunakan kitosan 1% sebesar 35ml dengan efisiensi removal TSS 88,79% dan warna 35,49%. Namun terjadi penurunan nilai pH menjadi 4,98 disebabkan penggunaan asam asetat sebagai pelarut kitosan.
UPGRADING SEPEDA MOTOR 2 STROKE MENJADI 4 STROKE SEBAGAI UPAYA PENERAPAN STANDARD EMISI
Authors: Putra Gusma Hamdana , Budi Fiki Ardian Setyo , F Esqy Dhiyaul , Krisna Hangga , Budiono Agung Slamet , Muhammad Fathallah Aguk Zuhdi
Published: April 2018

Regulasi Menteri Lingkungan Hidup tahun 2003 tentang “Ambang Batas Emisi Gas Buang Kendaraan Bermotor” yang mengacu Standar Euro 3 telah memberikan dampak yang besar bagi perkembangan kendaraan di Indonesia khususnya motor 2 stroke, dimana pembakaran yang dihasilkan tergolong tidak sempurna dan menghasilkan udara polusi yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia. Sehingga dinilai tidak layak untuk beroperasi lagi di Indonesia. Sehingga motor tersebut tidak berguna dan menimbulkan sampah masal. Melalui penelitian “Upgrading Motor 2 Stroke menjadi Motor 4 Stroke Sebagai Upaya Penerapan Standard Emisi Euro 3” dapat memberikan solusi dari keputusan pemerintah tentang ambang batas emisi gas buang. Selain itu juga untuk meminimalisir sampah masal dari motor 2 stroke yang tidak beroperasi lagi. Dengan memodifikasi motor 2 stroke dan menambahkan komponen dari motor 4 stroke menghasilkan emisi lebih rendah dari motor 2 stroke, serta tidak menghilangkan kelebihan dari performa motor 2 stroke. Sehingga motor ini merupakan solusi yang baik untuk para pecinta motor 2 stroke serta alternatif yang ramah lingkungan.
MIKROKONTROLLER-BASE SMART INTERACTIVE TRASH CAN
Authors: Nurwicaksana Wahyu Aulia , Adhisuwignjo Supriatna , Setyawan Danang Rahmad , Saputra Ervina Aprilia , Klarista Mulia Titah
Published: April 2018

Membuang sampah pada tempatnya belum menjadi budaya di masyarakat. Alasannya yaitu tidak suka dengan tempat sampah, karena harus menyentuh tutup tempat sampah sebelum membuang sampah. Masyarakat juga kurang peduli terhadap pemilahan sampah organik dan anorganik meskipun memahami akan mempermudah proses pengolahan sampah. Disamping itu masih seringnya sampah menumpuk tetapi tidak segera diangkut menyebabkan sampah berserakan keluar dari tempat sampah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang ”Smart Interactive Trash Can Berbasis Mikrokontroler” yang bisa membuka dan menutup secara otomatis. Tempat sampah ini juga mengarahkan orang saat membuang sampah organik atau anorganik. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode observasi, eksperimen, dan rekayasa. Sensor PIR untuk mendeteksi keberadaan manusia yang akan membuang sampah, sensor PING untuk mendeteksi penuhnya tempat sampah. Mikrokontroller digunakan untuk membaca input dari sensor PIR dan PING serta mengendalikan Motor Servo sebagai penggerak tutup tempat sampah dan LCD untuk mengarahkan orang dalam pemilahan sampah. Dari pengujian sensor PIR, jarak deteksi maksimal adalah 1,5m pada sudut 0o. Dari pengujian sensor PING, ketinggian maksimum sudah sesuai set point yaitu 4cm dari tutup tempat sampah. Semua Port AT mega 8535 berfungsi baik saat tes. Pengujian motor servo menunjukkan bahwa sudut untuk membuka dan menutup tutup tempat sampah adalah 90o. Pulsa motor servo menggunakan 1700 untuk membuka dan 890 untuk menutup.
KELAYAKAN TANGKI SEPTIK/CUBLUK DI KELURAHAN JAMBANGAN DAN KARAH KECAMATAN JAMBANGAN KOTA SURABAYA
Authors: Soedjono Eddy S , Rohmani Inatul
Published: April 2018

Keberhasilan Open Defication Free (ODF) tidak hanya berhenti pada kepemilikan jamban, tetapi meningkat ke tangga sanitasi yaitu jamban sehat. Pada tangga ini jamban sehat adalah jamban yang dapat mencegah kontaminasi ke badan air. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi kelayakan tangki septik/cubluk Kelurahan Jambangan dan Karah Kecamatan Jambangan ditinjau dari aspek sosial masyarakat, teknis dan pembiayaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampling propotional sampling dan tiap Kelurahan terbagi menjadi 3 area berdasarkan jarak rumah penduduk ke sungai. Metode digunakan adalah Analytical hierarcy process (AHP)  yaitu dengan cara pembobotan dan scoring terdapat empat faktor penentu kelayakan tangki septik/cubluk di Kelurahan Jambangan dan Karah yaitu (Interaksi sosial masyarakat, PHBS, Kepemilikan lahan dan jenis penampung tinja tangki septik/cubluk). Hasil analisis tingkat kelayakan tangki septik/cubluk:Interaksi sosial masyarakat, PHBS lebih dari 50 % dikatakan layak, Kepemilikan lahan dan Jenis penampung tinja di Kelurahan Jambangan kurang dari 50 %, Sedangkan di Kelurahan Karah lebih dari 50 % dikatakan layak.
filtrasi limbah laundry dengan membran zeolit-silika untuk menurunkan cod
Authors: Damayanti Alia , Afifah Anshah Silmi
Published: April 2018

Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui variasi membran komposit zeolit-silika terbaik dalam menurunkan kadar COD di dalam limbah laundry. Variasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah penambahan pasir silika dan kecepatan centrifuge pada pembuatan membran serta konsentrasi air limbah pada pengaplikasian membran. Pengujian membran dalam penelitian dilakukan menggunakan reaktor dengan pola aliran cross flow. Pengujian membran pada limbah laundry dilakukan selama 100 menit dengan waktu pengambilan sampel selama 20 menit. COD dianalisis dengan menggunakan metoda  titrimetrik refluks tertutup. Untuk mengetahuimorfologi dan struktur membran,dilakukan analisa menggunakan alat Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Untuk mengetahui unsur yang ada di dalam membran, dilakukan analisa menggunakan alat Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX).
Kondisi Intrusi Air Laut Terhadap Kondisi Kualitas Air Tanah di Kota Surabaya
Authors: Ariyanto Galdi
Published: April 2018

Surabaya adalah salah satu kota pesisir yang ada di Indonesia. Salah satu permasalahan wilayah kota pesisir adalah adanya instrusi air laut. Intrusi air laut adalah menyusupnya air laut ke zona air tawar sehingga air tawar berasa asin. Permasalahan pokok sumberdaya air yang terjadi di beberapa kota besar di Indonesia adalah keragaman sistem akuifer, posisi dan penyebaran penyusupan/intrusi air laut baik secara alami maupun secara buatan yang diakibatkan adanya pengambilan air tanah berlebihan (mining yield) untuk kebutuhan domestik, maupun industri.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sebaran kawasan terintrusi air laut di Kota Surabaya berdasarkan kandungan khlorida (Cl) dalam air. Pengambilan sampel air dilakukan di 28 titik untuk selanjutnya dilakukan analisi laboratorium.

Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, diketahui bahwa 23 % wilayah di Kota Surabaya kondisi kualitas air tanahnya asin, 26 % payau dan sisanya pada kondisi tawar. Dibandingkan dengan tahun 2013, wilayah yang terintrusi air laut di Kota Surabaya mengalami penurunan, sehingga menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi peningkatan kondisi kualitas air tanah di Kota Surabaya.
Evaluasi IPAL Komunal Pada Kelurahan Tlogomas, Kecamatan Lowokwaru Kota Malang
Authors: Pitoyo Edya , Hendriarianti Evy , Karnaningroem Nieke
Published: April 2018

Perda Kota Malang nomor 17 tahun 2001 tentang Konservasi Air, bahwa segala jenis kegiatan yang menimbulkan limbah harus memiliki instalasi pengolahan air limbah. Kebijakan tersebut sedang diterapkan oleh pemerintah Kota Malang dengan melakukan pembangunan IPAL Komunal. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan evaluasi pembangunan terhadap IPAL Komunal yang berlokasi di Kelurahan Tlogomas, Kecamatan Lowokwaru, Kota Malang. Berdasarkan review IPAL Komunal yang dilakukan oleh DEWATS, ternyata mayoritas IPAL Komunal yang dibangun tidak dimonitoring, sehingga perlu dilakukan evaluasi terhadap aspek teknis untuk mendapatkan kesesuaian perencanaan dengan kriteria desain serta tingkat efektivitas dari IPAL Komunal dengan menggunakan Metoda Comprehensive Performance Evaluation. Evaluasi terhadap aspek lingkungan dari dampak operasional IPAL Komunal juga dilakukan dengan metoda  perbandingan baku mutu. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi aspek teknis didapatkan penyisihan efisiensi, rasio BOD/COD, OLR dan HRT sudah memenuhi kriteria desain tetapi tidak sesuai dengan hasil perhitungan rasio BOD/COD, OLR, dan HRT, Pada perhitungan perencanaan dengan realisasi pembangunan dan pengoperasian, sedangkan aspek lingkungan, hasil efluen BOD, COD, dan TSS masih belum memenuhi baku mutu yang dipersyaratkan oleh Kota Malang.
Model Prakiraan Debit Air Dalam Rangka Optimalisasi Pengelolaan Waduk Saguling – Kaskade Citarum
Authors: Marselina Mariana , Sabar Arwin
Published: April 2018

Peningkatan laju pertumbuhan penduduk dan industri mendorong peningkatan kebutuhan akan energi listrik. Salah satu penyedia kebutuhan energi listrik di wilayah Jawa, Madura, Bali (Jamali) adalah Waduk Saguling. Rata-rata produksi listrik Waduk Saguling dari tahun 1986-2014 adalah 2.334.318,138 MWh/tahun. Asupan air bagi Waduk Saguling adalah Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Citarum Hulu dengan luas 2.340,88 km2. Waduk Saguling juga merupakan salah satu waduk yang membentuk waduk series di kaskade Citarum yang terdiri dari Waduk Saguling, Cirata, dan Jatiluhur. Pemanfaatan Waduk Jatiluhur sebagai waduk multiguna untuk sumber air baku, irigasi, dan PLTA pun masih belum optimal, hal ini ditandai dengan terjadinya kekurangan air di hilir pada musim kering dan air melimpas pada musim hujan. Tujuan optimasi Waduk Saguling pada penelitian ini adalah memaksimalkan penggunaan air sehingga dapat memenuhi kebutuhan bagi pembangkit listrik dan memenuhi kebutuhan air di downstream dengan mempertimbangkan prakiraan debit masa depan. Pendekatan prakiraan debit yang dilakukan dalam pengelolaan waduk adalah dengan metode korelasi spasial (hujan dan debit) atau metode kontinu serta dengan metode diskrit markov yang menggunakan prinsip model stokastik markov 3 kelas. Data debit inflow Waduk Saguling yang digunakan adalah data debit dari tahun 1986-2013. Pada metode korelasi spasial diperoleh kombinasi tipe PPPQt-1memiliki nilai korelasi sebesar 0,86 sedangkan untuk metode diskrit markov diperoleh nilai korelasi sebesar 0,804.
Management of lower limb amputations
Authors: Isaacs-Itua Alifa , Sedki Imad
Published: April 2018

The most common reason for lower limb amputations in the UK is peripheral arterial disease. A thoughtful approach to surgery, with consideration of optimal amputation level and residual limb shape, can improve prosthetic use and functional outcomes. Prosthesis socket design and fit, as well as use of appropriate components, must be considered in accordance with the patient's activity level and potential. Major developments in prosthetics over the past 20 years, particularly in the area of joint design, including microprocessor knees, have increased options to improve ambulation. This is particularly significant among those with more proximal amputations, for whom energy expenditure on walking is even greater. Management of post-amputation pain syndromes including phantom limb pain can prove challenging, although there are novel options for pain control. Long-term care of both the residual and contralateral limbs is paramount to reduce risk of further amputation surgery, and optimize longer term function and quality of life.
Use of Instructional Technologies by Teachers in the Educational Process: Metaphor Analysis Study
Authors: Sarac Hakan
Published: April 2018

The aim of this research is to determine the thoughts of the teachers about the concepts of "Smart Board", "Computer", "Internet" and "Social Media" from the Instructional technologies of the secondary school teachers with different branches through metaphors. In the research, a qualitative research model was used to identify teachers' thoughts in metaphor analysis from various branches about the use of instructional technologies in the national field. Within the scope of the qualitative research model, the phenomenology design was used. In order to find out what kind of thoughts teachers have about teaching materials from the participants "Smart Board / Computer / Internet / Social Media is like / similar to…..; Because ..." they were asked to complete their covenants. As a result of the research, 25 valid metaphors belonging to the concepts of smart board, computer, social media and 27 of internet concept were obtained from secondary school teachers. The most book (f = 4) metaphor for smart board concept, brain and memory (f = 2) metaphors for computer concept, most air (f = 3) and medicine, ocean, water (f = 2) metaphors for internet concept and the drug and virus (f = 2) metaphors related to the concept of social media. The metaphors of the concept of smart board are classified into 5 conceptual categories with common characteristics related to each other, 6 categories with common features related to computer and internet concepts, and 7 conceptual categories with social media concept related to each other. In the research, it was reached that the secondary school teachers expressed positive opinions about the concept of smart board and computer, partially negative about the concept of the internet but more negative opinions about the concept of social media.
Investigating the Resilience Levels of Parents with Children with Multiple Disabilities Based on Different Variables
Authors: Kadi Sinem , Cetin Muzeyyen Eldeniz
Published: April 2018

This study investigated the resilience levels of parents with children with multiple disabilities by utilizing different variables. The study, conducted with survey model –a qualitative method- included a sample composed of a total of 222 voluntary parents (183 females, 39 males) residing in Bolu, Duzce and Zonguldak in Turkey. Parental Information Form and Family Resilience Scale, consisting of 4 sub dimensions (Challenge, Self Efficacy, Commitment to Life and Control) and a total of 37 items, were used in the framework of the study which included reliability and validity studies of the scale as well. Differences between sub groups were not statistically significant for the following variables:  gender of children with multiple disabilities; age of children with multiple disabilities; support received for child care by parents of children with multiple disabilities; health problems of parents of children with multiple disabilities; psychological support received by parents of children with multiple disabilities; age of parents of children with multiple disabilities; income levels and education of parents of children with multiple disabilities (p>0.05). However, significant differences were observed in Challenge dimension in terms of gender of the parents and the type of disability.
Student Definitions of Intercultural Competence (IC)- Are They Context-Specific?
Authors: Binder Nadine , Odag Ozen , Leiser Anne , Ludders Lisa , Kedzior Karina K.
Published: April 2018

Higher education institutions increasingly seek to promote students’ intercultural competence (IC), yet its conceptualization remains a challenge. The first aim of this study was to explore how a purposive sample of n=77 domestic, undergraduate students at a public university in Germany define IC. The second aim was to assess to what extent such definitions are context-dependent by comparing IC definitions provided by domestic students (with predominantly German nationality and little international experience/exposure) with those provided by n=130 international, undergraduate students at a private university in Germany (with predominantly non-German nationality and more extensive international experience/exposure). A qualitative content analysis showed that domestic students defined IC mostly in terms of attitudes followed by external outcomes while the opposite was true for the international students. Differences in IC definitions between the two samples are discussed with regard to various contextual factors. Our results suggest that such contextual factors should be considered when designing measures to promote IC development in university students.
Alternative Observation Tools for the Scope of Contemporary Education Supervision: An Action Research
Authors: Kuru-Cetin Saadet
Published: April 2018

In this study, in-class lesson observations were made with volunteer teachers working in primary and secondary schools using alternative observation tools regarding the scope of contemporary educational supervision. The study took place during the fall and spring semesters of the 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 academic years and the class observations were made with six alternative volunteer teachers in the primary and secondary schools in the provincial and district centers using alternative observation tools. In the classroom observations, the teacher's verbal flow scheme, teacher's movement scheme and student behaviors both during tasks and not, were analyzed. Observations were made during the two classes with teacher's permission. After the first observation, an information meeting was held and then the second observation was made. Following the observations, interviews were held with the teachers. In interviews, the information about the class observations was shared with teachers and their opinions about research were asked. It has been found that alternative observations, in general, have a positive effect on the professional development of teachers. It is concluded that this type of observation approach positively affects teachers' in-class activities, helps in classroom management and teaching arrangements and positively affects student's unwanted behaviors.
T1-weighted MR imaging of bone marrow pattern in children with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A preliminary study
Authors: Shiran S. I. , Shabtai L. , Ben-Sira L. , Ovadia D. , Wientroub S.
Published: April 2018

Purpose

Distinct normal physiological patterns of fat conversion in vertebrae were described both for children and adults. Our aim was to evaluate the T1-weighted bone marrow pattern of the vertebral bodies in various sites along the scoliotic spine of children with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated spine MRI studies of children with AIS. Scoliosis radiographs were assessed for type of curvature according to the Lenke classification. A paediatric neuroradiologist assessed the T1-weighted signal of vertebral bodies in comparison with the adjacent disc and distinct patterns of fatty conversion within the apical and stable vertebral bodies. Statistical assessment was performed.

Results

MRI study of the spines of 75 children with AIS were assessed, 59 (79%) of whom were female, with an age range of nine to 19 years. The relative overall T1-weighted signal intensity of the vertebral body bone marrow relative to the intervertebral disc was hyperintense in 76% and isointense in 24%. Fatty conversion grade of the stable vertebra was higher than the apex vertebra (p = 0.0001). A significant tendency to have more advanced fat conversion patterns in the apex vertebra up to age 13.5 years old compared with adolescents above that (p = 0.015) was seen.

Conclusion

This preliminary study suggests a different pattern of bone marrow conversion in AIS from the normal physiologic pattern described in the literature. Whether these changes are secondary to the biomechanics of the curved spine or may suggest that bone marrow maturation rate and content have a role in the pathogenesis of AIS remains to be further researched.

Level of Evidence

Level III (Diagnostic Study)
James M. Buchanan and the Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice: extending the Italian tradition of public finance
Authors: Wagner Richard E.
Published: April 2018

The Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice began publication in 1983 under the title Economia delle scelte pubbliche/Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice, changing to Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice/Economia delle scelte pubbliche in 1997. Under either name, the Journal reflected the founding editor’s (Domenico da Empoli) desire to amplify and extend the Italian orientation toward public finance that Antonio de Viti de Marco (1888) set in motion. It’s fitting that James Buchanan’s (1983) ‘The public choice perspective’ opened the Journal, for Buchanan (1960) was instrumental in promoting awareness among Anglo-Saxon scholars of the Italian tradition that da Empoli sought to carry forward in establishing the JPFPC. With da Empoli’s death in December 2016, the Journal is now proceeding with a new editorial team (Emma Galli and Giampaolo Garzarelli) and a new publisher (Bristol University Press). The Journal’s orientation, however, remains unchanged, in that it continues to welcome contributions within public finance and public choice within the broad tradition outlined here. In this essay, I mark this change in editorial regime by reviewing how Buchanan’s orientation toward public finance continues and extends the tradition that de Viti (1888) began.
Hop to it in the gig economy: The sharing economy and neo-liberal feminism
Authors: Shade Leslie Regan
Published: April 2018

This article examines two major sharing economy companies, Uber and TaskRabbit, describing how they comprise virtual work and articulate gendered relations through their promotional discourse and initiatives. By encouraging the empowering benefits of labour flexibility and entrepreneurialism for women, these companies exemplify a type of neo-liberal feminism, which endorses individualization and market-based solutions to employment. Given the contingent working conditions resident in the sharing economy, a more apt descriptor is the ‘gig economy’. The article also examines policy aspects of the sharing economy, including legal debates about worker status and platform discrimination.
Zona de Concentração de Cargas Contaminantes para Avaliação do Perigo de Contaminação da Água Subterrânea em Área Urbana
Authors: De Brito Daniel Oliveira , Reginato Pedro Antonio Roehe
Published: April 2018

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo propor a espacialização de cargas pontuais potencialmente contaminantes a partir de uma Zona de Concentração de Cargas Contaminantes (ZCCC) para a avaliação do perigo de contaminação da água subterrânea em área urbana. Aplicou-se a proposta na macrozona Cidade Radiocêntrica do Plano Diretor de Desenvolvimento Urbano e Ambiental de Porto Alegre. A ZCCC foi delimitada a partir da identificação das atividades potencialmente contaminantes e da aplicação de um raio de 100m para as atividades comerciais e 200m para os empreendimentos das demais naturezas. Dentro dessa zona, realizou-se a interpolação dos valores correspondentes ao índice POSH. Para avaliação do perigo de contaminação da água subterrânea, sobrepôs-se a ZCCC à vulnerabilidade natural do aquífero calculada pelo método GOD. Um total de 490 fontes potencialmente contaminantes foram identificadas e agrupadas em uma ZCCC que corresponde a 32% da Cidade Radiocêntrica. O índice POSH interpolado dentro da ZCCC revelou uma boa representatividade das cargas contaminantes pontuais identificadas (75% com índice elevado). A área de estudo apresenta uma vulnerabilidade majoritariamente média (98%), e o perigo de contaminação varia de moderado (16%) a alto (84%) dentro da ZCCC. A espacialização proposta possibilitou uma análise da confluência das atividades potencialmente contaminantes e seu perigo de contaminação.
Coronary artery vasospasm induced acute myocardial infarction in pregnancy: a new case and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Kulkarni Ankita , Anastasio Hannah , Ward Alexandra , Santos Janelle , Parker Pamela , Hirshberg Adi , Marhefka Gregary D. , Berghella Vincenzo
Published: April 2018

Background

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in pregnancy is a rare event and of the causes, coronary artery vasospasm (CAV) is considered even more uncommon.

Purpose

We present a new case report of a woman at 32 weeks of pregnancy with an AMI from CAV with a normal coronary angiogram. We performed a systematic review of similar cases of spontaneous AMI related to CAV to better understand its characteristics and management. AMI was defined as elevated cardiac enzymes (troponin or CKMB) with chest pain and/or electrocardiogram (EKG) changes consistent with ischemia.

Methods

We use the terms “acute myocardial infarction”, “myocardial infarction”, “coronary artery vasospasm” and “pregnancy” for our PubMed review. We also evaluated all references in identified manuscripts. Six cases of AMI in pregnancy due to CAV have been reported as of November 2016, including ours.

Results and conclusion

Six cases of AMI due to CAV during pregnancy or postpartum are reported in the literature, including ours. Patients experiencing this condition tend to be of advanced maternal age, multigravida and in their third trimester or postpartum. Successful management with a combination of long acting nitrates and/or calcium channel blockers achieved symptomatic control in all published cases. Obstetric outcomes were mostly normal, with the majority experiencing uncomplicated deliveries at term.
RBFPUM with QR Factorization for Solving Water Flow Problem in Multilayered Soil
Authors: Sadik Mohamed , Hassan Ben-Ahmed El , Wakrim Mohamed
Published: April 2018

We discuss the numerical modeling of infiltration in variably-saturated porous media. Richards’ equation is used to describe the infiltration towards the water table. It is difficult to accurately approximate its solution especially when we deal with layered soil due to its highly nonlinear fact. In this work, the nonlinearity is handled by using Gardner model. In the case of homogeneous soil, the linearized equation is solved using radial basis function partition of unity method (RBFPUM) with the introduction of QR factorization of Gaussian in order to enhance the numerical solution for small values of the so-called “shape parameter.” In the case of layered soil, domain decomposition principle is introduced. It is based on decomposing the general problem into many subproblems. The latter are solved by RBFPUM-QR and patched by using the Steklov–Poincaré equation. Infiltration towards water table in homogeneous and layered soil is considered as a numerical test.
External Quality Assessment of Glycated Hemoglobin in Iran: Comparison of Five Different Commercial Methods with Two Different Total Allowable Errors
Authors: Atabi Fereshteh , Mohammadi Reza
Published: April 2018

Background: Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measuring has a critical role in the monitoring and diagnosis of diabetes. So, the analytical performance of its measuring method must be acceptable. Clinical laboratories should continuously monitor the performance of their commercial methods, both by using proper internal quality control (IQC) and by participating in external quality assessment schemes (EQAS).

Methods: In January and August 2016, two different freshly prepared commutable patient QC samples were sent to over 1000 laboratories, but 682 and 925 different laboratories which were used five common commercial methods for measuring HbA1c, included in this study during 23th and 24th runs of the external quality assessment program (EQAP), respectively. Target values for total group and also for peer groups were calculated. The performance of each method and laboratory were determined according to two different allowable total errors (TEa), including ±6% and ±20%, which are suggested by the National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP) and Reference Health Laboratory of Iran, respectively.

Results: Considering TEa of ±20% in evaluating HbA1c commercial methods and laboratory performances, pass rates ranged from 97% to 98% during EQAP-23 and EQAP-24, respectively. But when this evaluation was performed according to TEa of ±6%, pass rates decreased significantly to 60% and 62%, respectively.

Conclusions: Using improper analytical goals has led to misinterpretation of EQA results. In order to maintain the clinical usefulness of HbA1c results, we need to reduce TEa of ±20% to ±6% and improve HbA1c measuring method performance. Although, with TEa of ±6% our pass rates are not so bad.
Metrological Software Test for Simulating the Method of Determining the Thermocouple Error in Situ During Operation
Authors: Chen Jingliang , Su Jun , Kochan Orest , Levkiv Mariana
Published: April 2018

The simplified metrological software test (MST) for modeling the method of determining the thermocouple (TC) error in situ during operation is considered in the paper. The interaction between the proposed MST and a temperature measuring system is also reflected in order to study the error of determining the TC error in situ during operation. The modelling studies of the random error influence of the temperature measuring system, as well as interference magnitude (both the common and normal mode noises) on the error of determining the TC error in situ during operation using the proposed MST, have been carried out. The noise and interference of the order of 5-6 μV cause the error of about 0.2-0.3°C. It is shown that high noise immunity is essential for accurate temperature measurements using TCs.
High Precision Edge Detection Algorithm for Mechanical Parts
Authors: Duan Zhenyun , Wang Ning , Fu Jingshun , Zhao Wenhui , Duan Boqiang , Zhao Jungui
Published: April 2018

High precision and high efficiency measurement is becoming an imperative requirement for a lot of mechanical parts. So in this study, a subpixel-level edge detection algorithm based on the Gaussian integral model is proposed. For this purpose, the step edge normal section line Gaussian integral model of the backlight image is constructed, combined with the point spread function and the single step model. Then gray value of discrete points on the normal section line of pixel edge is calculated by surface interpolation, and the coordinate as well as gray information affected by noise is fitted in accordance with the Gaussian integral model. Therefore, a precise location of a subpixel edge was determined by searching the mean point. Finally, a gear tooth was measured by M&M3525 gear measurement center to verify the proposed algorithm. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the local edge fluctuation is reduced effectively by the proposed method in comparison with the existing subpixel edge detection algorithms. The subpixel edge location accuracy and computation speed are improved. And the maximum error of gear tooth profile total deviation is 1.9 μm compared with measurement result with gear measurement center. It indicates that the method has high reliability to meet the requirement of high precision measurement.
The Influence of Measurement Methodology on the Accuracy of Electrical Waveform Distortion Analysis
Authors: Bartman Jacek , Kwiatkowski Bogdan
Published: April 2018

The present paper covers a review of documents that specify measurement methods of voltage waveform distortion. It also presents measurement stages of waveform components that are uncommon in the classic fundamentals of electrotechnics and signal theory, including the creation process of groups and subgroups of harmonics and interharmonics. Moreover, the paper discusses selected distortion factors of periodic waveforms and presents analyses that compare the values of these distortion indices. The measurements were carried out in the cycle per cycle mode and the measurement methodology that was used complies with the IEC 61000-4-7 norm. The studies showed significant discrepancies between the values of analyzed parameters.
A Novel Marker Based Method to Teeth Alignment in MRI
Authors: Luukinen Jean-Marc , Aalto Daniel , Malinen Jarmo , Niikuni Naoko , Saunavaara Jani , Jääsaari Päivi , Ojalammi Antti , Parkkola Riitta , Soukka Tero , Happonen Risto-Pekka
Published: April 2018

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can precisely capture the anatomy of the vocal tract. However, the crowns of teeth are not visible in standard MRI scans. In this study, a marker-based teeth alignment method is presented and evaluated. Ten patients undergoing orthognathic surgery were enrolled. Supraglottal airways were imaged preoperatively using structural MRI. MRI visible markers were developed, and they were attached to maxillary teeth and corresponding locations on the dental casts. Repeated measurements of intermarker distances in MRI and in a replica model was compared using linear regression analysis. Dental cast MRI and corresponding caliper measurements did not differ significantly. In contrast, the marker locations in vivo differed somewhat from the dental cast measurements likely due to marker placement inaccuracies. The markers were clearly visible in MRI and allowed for dental models to be aligned to head and neck MRI scans.
The crystal structure of poly[tetraaqua-tris(μ2-2,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)naphthalene-κ2
N:N′)-bis(thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylato-κ1
O)]dicobalt(II), C30H24CoN6O6S
Authors: Wang Di
Published: April 2018

C30H24CoN6O6S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.892(6) Å, b = 11.206(6) Å, c = 20.694(11) Å, β = 93.558(13)°, V = 2752(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0413, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1030, T = 293(2) K.
Synthesis and evaluation of new benzimidazole derivatives with hydrazone moiety as anticancer agents
Authors: Acar Çevik Ulviye , Sağlık Begüm Nurpelin , Ardıç Cankız Mina , Özkay Yusuf , Atlı Özlem
Published: April 2018

Objectives

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death throughout the world. Current therapy options suffer from the major limitations of side effects and drug resistance. Thus, continuing search for newer and safer anticancer drugs remains critically important. From this point of view, in the present study benzimidazole-hydrazone derivatives were synthesized by aiming at the identification of new chemical entities as potent anticancer agents.

Material and methods

A series of 12 new compounds of 4-(5(6)-substituted-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-N′thiophen/furan-2-yl-methylene) benzohydrazide derivatives were synthesized. The structures of the obtained compounds were elucidated using by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectroscopy and elemental analyses. In vitro cytotoxic activity of the compounds against A549, MCF-7 and NIH/3T3 cell lines was evaluated by MTT assay.

Results

Among the tested compounds, compound 3e showed higher cytotoxicity against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells when compared with cisplatin. Also, it has lower cytotoxicty against healthy cell line, NIH/3T3.

Conclusions

It was determined that compound 3e showed inhibition towards MCF-7. Considering the substituent effect on cytotoxic activity, compound 3e bearing 2-methylthiophene has attracted attention with its higher anticancer activities.
Kappa- and delta-opioids block sympathetically dependent hyperalgesia
Authors: Taiwo YO , Levine JD
Published: April 2018

Direct hyperalgesia induced by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) can be blocked by mu- but not delta- or kappa-opioids. However, there is evidence that kappa- and delta-opioid receptors are located on sympathetic postganglionic neuron (SPGN) terminals, which mediate bradykinin (BK) hyperalgesia via SPGN-terminal-dependent production of PGE2. Therefore, we evaluated the antinociceptive effect of delta- and kappa-opioids on BK hyperalgesia. We demonstrate that the mechanical hyperalgesia induced by intradermal injection of BK can be blocked by the kappa- opioid agonist trans-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N[2-(-pyrrolidinyl)cyclo- hexyl] benzeneacetamide (U50,488H) and by the delta-opioid agonist (D- Pen2,5)-enkephalin (DPDPE), as well as the mu-opioid agonist Tyr-D-Ala- Gly-NMe-Phe-Gly-ol(DAMGO). Pertussis toxin prevented the inhibition of BK-induced hyperalgesia by U50,488H, DPDPE, or DAMGO. We conclude that the observed peripheral analgesic effects of kappa- and delta-opioid agonists result from actions upon SPGN terminals and that these effects are mediated by inhibitory G-proteins.
Cell dynamics in the adult mouse olfactory epithelium: a quantitative autoradiographic study
Authors: Mackay-Sim A , Kittel P
Published: April 2018

The dynamics of cell genesis in the olfactory epithelium of the adult mouse were investigated using 3H-thymidine autoradiography. Mice were injected once with 3H-thymidine, and their olfactory epithelia were examined 7, 14, 30, 60, and 90 d later. The number of silver grains over each nucleus was counted, and the relative distance from the basement membrane was measured for each labeled nucleus. At 7 and 14 d, the average number of labeled cells in each section was about 20 per mm. By 30 d, and for the following 60 d, the average number of labeled cells was only about 6 per mm. Thus, most cells labeled by the injection died 2–4 weeks after injection. When the labeled cells were compared by nuclear grain density, time after injection (the “survival period”), and distance of the nucleus from the basement membrane (the “migration distance”), it was apparent that there was a small population of “nonmigrating” cells that remained close to the basement membrane. These cells, at first heavily labeled, divided a second time about 60 d after the 3H-thymidine injection, indicated by a significant decrease in nuclear grain density. This nonmigrating, slowly dividing basal cell is probably the neural stem cell, which gives rise to another stem cell and an olfactory neuron precursor by an asymmetric division. When the relative numbers of nonmigrating and migrating cells were compared, the results indicated that, after the asymmetric division, there are at least 2 or 3 rapid, symmetric divisions of the precursor cells, producing many immature receptor cells. Most of these die within 4 weeks of the 3H-thymidine injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)