bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do assessments of cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness influence subsequent reported physical activity? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Langland James T. , Sathnur Neeraj , Wang Qi , Olson Andrew P. J.
Published: June 2021

Background

Regular physical activity and exercise provide many health benefits. These health benefits are mediated in large part through cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength. As most individuals have not had an assessment of their personal cardiorespiratory fitness or muscular strength we investigated if measurements of cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength would influence an individual’s subsequent self-reported exercise and physical activity.

Methods

Volunteer subjects at a State Fair were randomized in 1:1 parallel fashion to control and intervention groups. The baseline Exercise Vital Sign (EVS) and type of physical activity were obtained from all subjects. The intervention group received estimated maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) using a step test and muscular strength using a hand grip dynamometer along with age-specific norms for both measurements. All subjects were provided exercise recommendations. Follow up surveys were conducted at 3, 6 and 12 months regarding their EVS and physical activity.

Results

One thousand three hundred fifteen individuals (656 intervention, 659 control) were randomized with 1 year follow up data obtained from 823 subjects (62.5%). Baseline mean EVS was 213 min/week. No change in EVS was found in either group at follow-up (p = 0.99). Subjects who were less active at baseline (EVS < 150) did show an increase in EVS (86 to 146) at 6 months (p < 0.05). At 3 months the intervention group increased resistance training (29.1 to 42.8%) compared to controls (26.3 to 31.4%) (p < 0.05). Lifestyle physical activity increased in the intervention group at 3 months (27.7 to 29.1%) and 6 months (25%) whereas it declined in the control group at 3 months (24.4 to 20.1%) and 6 months (18.7%) (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Providing VO2max estimates and grip strength did not produce an increase in overall physical activity. The EVS and exercise recommendations did however produce an increase in physical activity in less active individuals. In a very active population the VO2max estimate and measured grip strength did increase lifestyle activity and resistance training. Wider adoption of these measures could be effective in promoting physical activity and resistance training.

Trial registration

clinicaltrials.gov NCT03518931 Registered 05/08/2018 -retrospectively registered.
Documenting HIV research-utilization activities, outputs and outcomes: examples and lessons learned from Project SOAR
Authors: Kalibala Samuel , Sinai Irit , Nutley Tara
Published: June 2021

The importance of using research findings to inform policy and program decisions is well recognized, but the literature on measuring research utilization activities is scarce. As funding to support some areas of research wanes or remains stagnant, the need to document the value of investing in research by its’ effect on improved programs and policies becomes increasingly necessary. We present the experience of Project SOAR, a six-year USAID-funded project focusing on HIV/AIDS-related implementation research, to demonstrate measurement of research utilization. We follow the project’s research-utilization logic model, including inputs, activities, outputs, and outcomes. We present tools the project developed and examples from project studies and discuss what works, remaining challenges and how to overcome them, and lessons learned. We then make recommendations for incorporating research-utilization activities and measurement in implementation-research studies.
Correction to: The incandescent light bulb phase-out: exploring patterns of framing the governance of discontinuing a socio-technical regime
Authors: Stegmaier Peter , Visser Vincent R. , Kuhlmann Stefan
Published: June 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Impact of human disturbances on soil cyanobacteria diversity and distribution in suburban arid area of Marrakesh, Morocco
Authors: Hakkoum Z. , Minaoui F. , Douma M. , Mouhri K. , Loudiki M.
Published: June 2021

Background

Cyanobacteria are among the first photoautotrophic component of soil microorganism communities which play a key ecological role in nutrient cycles and soil productivity. However, the sustainability of these soil biodiversity ecosystem services is increasingly compromised, especially in urban and peri-urban areas where soils are heavily exploited and used for a wide range of human activities. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of different types of human disturbances on cyanobacteria diversity and distribution in suburban soils of Marrakesh. Soil and cyanobacteria sampling were carried out during two campaigns at six sites located along an anthropogenic gradient from the least urbanized suburbs of Marrakesh to the highly anthropized suburban area. In the laboratory, soil physicochemical characteristics were measured. The morphological identification of cyanobacteria species was based both on microscopic observation and on soil cultures in solid and liquid Z8 media.

Results

The results showed a total of 25 cyanobacteria taxa belonging to ten genera, four families, and two orders (Oscillatoriales 88% and Chroococcales 12% of taxa). Among the taxa identified, seven strains were isolated in soil culture in nutrient media and purified in monoalgal culture. The highest cyanobacterial diversity was recorded in irrigated soil with treated wastewater compared to the non-cultivated control soil. In Principal Component and Cluster Analysis, suburban soils were subdivided into three groups depending on the chemical properties and cyanobacteria composition. Cyanobacteria diversity was significantly associated with the soil moisture, total organic carbon (TOC), PO4-P, NO3-N, and NH4-N contents.

Conclusions

While diversity and microalgal biomass were significantly lower in the soils affected by municipal and mining solid wastes, the input of organic matter and nutrients from treated wastewater appears to be beneficial for the increasing of the biodiversity of soil cyanobacteria. This survey provides a first inventory of the soil cyanobacterial communities and shows their spatial variability and high sensitivity to the land-use practices and anthropogenic disturbances on urban soil in Moroccan drylands.
Anthropogenic climate change has changed frequency of past flood during 2010-2013
Authors: Hirabayashi Yukiko , Alifu Haireti , Yamazaki Dai , Imada Yukiko , Shiogama Hideo , Kimura Yuki
Published: June 2021

The ongoing increases in anthropogenic radiative forcing have changed the global water cycle and are expected to lead to more intense precipitation extremes and associated floods. However, given the limitations of observations and model simulations, evidence of the impact of anthropogenic climate change on past extreme river discharge is scarce. Here, a large ensemble numerical simulation revealed that 64% (14 of 22 events) of floods analyzed during 2010-2013 were affected by anthropogenic climate change. Four flood events in Asia, Europe, and South America were enhanced within the 90% likelihood range. Of eight snow-induced floods analyzed, three were enhanced and four events were suppressed, indicating that the effects of climate change are more likely to be seen in the snow-induced floods. A global-scale analysis of flood frequency revealed that anthropogenic climate change enhanced the occurrence of floods during 2010-2013 in wide area of northern Eurasia, part of northwestern India, and central Africa, while suppressing the occurrence of floods in part of northeastern Eurasia, southern Africa, central to eastern North America and South America. Since the changes in the occurrence of flooding are the results of several hydrological processes, such as snow melt and changes in seasonal and extreme precipitation, and because a climate change signal is often not detectable from limited observation records, large ensemble discharge simulation provides insights into anthropogenic effects on past fluvial floods.
Feasible techniques in robotic thoracoscopic repair of congenital esophageal atresia: case report and literature review
Authors: Li Shuai , Cao Guoqing , Zhou Rongchao , Zhang Xi , Zhou Ying , Tang Shao-tao
Published: June 2021

Background

Robotic repair for esophageal atresia (EA) using da Vinci system is challenging. Specific surgical techniques need to be explored to overcome the current hurdles.

Case presentation

Two cases with EA (type I and type III by Gross classification, respectively) were repaired using da Vinci robotic system. Step trocar insertion and asymmetric ports distribution techniques were used. The mean weight was 3.2 kg. Operative times were 95 min totally, with the anastomotic time of 27.5 min. Follow-up duration was 12 months. Esophageal fistula reoccurred in one case. None was confirmed anastomotic stricture.

Conclusion

Step trocar insertion procedure and asymmetric ports distribution technique are effective in robotic esophageal atresia.
Seventy years of Chinese anthropology
Authors: Zhang Jijiao , Wu Yue
Published: June 2021

This paper examines the 70-year history of Chinese anthropology from domestic and international perspectives since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. The policy of reform and opening-up in 1978 was a turning point in Chinese anthropology. Within the 30 years before the reform and opening-up, Chinese anthropology was more or less at a 10-year standstill that was then followed by a boom influenced by the former Soviet Union. The continued development of Chinese anthropology in the 40 years after reform and opening-up can be divided into five stages based on “major events” and “internationalization.” The first stage (1978–1995) can be described as a discipline reconstruction period; the second stage (1995–1999) witnessed the fast development and internationalization of Chinese anthropology; in the third stage (2000–2008), Chinese anthropology became an important discipline at home with improving international integration. The fourth stage (2009–2012) exhibited the initial formation of the discipline system and frequent international exchanges; and the fifth stage saw deepening domestic anthropology research and increasing overseas studies (from 2013 to present). In the past 70 years, and especially in the 40 years of reform and opening-up, Chinese anthropology has developed greatly in many aspects, including institution building, degree awarding, talent training, research communities establishing, conferences held at home and abroad, engagement with hotly-debated issues, and has existed with both advantages and disadvantages. All these demonstrate the characteristics of Chinese anthropology that are different from the discipline as practiced in the West.
Correction to: Improvement of Grey System Model using Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Twumasi Elvis , Frimpong Emmanuel Asuming , Kwegyir Daniel , Folitse Denis
Published: June 2021

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported an error in the title and body text.
Establishing criteria for the management of tephritid fruit fly outbreaks
Authors: Ormsby Michael D.
Published: June 2021

Tephritid fruit flies (Diptera; Tephritidae) represent a group of insects that include some of the most economically important pests in horticulture. Because of their economic importance, the financial impacts of an incursion of tephritid fruit flies into a new area can often result in restrictions to trade. The economic impacts of any trade restrictions imposed by importing countries are confounded by the current absence of consistent and accepted criteria for the strength and extent of any trade restrictions and declaring the end of an incursion. The author has developed models that can be used to establish criteria for the management of tephritid fruit fly outbreaks as outlined in international standards. A model enables criteria on when to recognise an incursion has occurred and establish export restrictions. Another model determines what area or radius an export restriction zone (ERZ) should cover. And a third model establishes criteria for the conditions required to enable an ERZ to be rescinded and the area’s pest free status reinstated. The models rely primarily on fruit fly biology and the effectiveness of surveillance trapping systems. The adoption of these proposed criteria internationally for establishing a control system and responding to fruit fly outbreaks would provide considerable economic benefits to international trade. Additionally, these criteria would enable countries to make more informed cost–benefit decisions on the level of investment in fruit fly control systems that better reflects the economic risks fruit flies represent to their economy.
5D dealiased seismic data interpolation using nonstationary prediction-error filter
Authors: Chen Yangkang , Fomel Sergey , Wang Hang , Zu Shaohuan
Published: June 2021

The prediction-error filter (PEF) assumes that seismic data can be destructed to zero by applying a convolutional operation between the target data and the prediction filter in either the time-space or frequency-space domain. We have extended the commonly known PEF in 2D or 3D problems to its 5D version. To handle the nonstationary property of the seismic data, we formulate the PEF in a nonstationary way, which is called the nonstationary prediction-error filter (NPEF). In NPEF, the coefficients of a fixed-size PEF vary across the whole seismic data. In NPEF, we aim at solving a highly ill-posed inverse problem via the computationally efficient iterative shaping regularization. NPEF can be used to denoise multidimensional seismic data and, more importantly, to restore the highly incomplete aliased 5D seismic data. We compare our NPEF method with the state-of-the-art rank-reduction method for the 5D seismic data interpolation in cases of irregularly and regularly missing traces via several synthetic and real seismic data. The results show that although our NPEF method is less effective than the rank-reduction method in interpolating irregularly missing traces especially in the case of a low signal-to-noise ratio, it outperforms the rank-reduction method in interpolating an aliased 5D data set with regularly missing traces.
Subsurface geologic imaging of northeastern Tunisia during the Middle to the Upper Eocene: Insights from integrated geophysical interpretation
Authors: Abidi Oussama , Sebei Kawthar , Amiri Adnen , Boussiga Haifa , Hamdi Nasr Imen , Inoubli Mohamed Hedi , Ben Salem Abdelhamid
Published: June 2021

The Middle to Upper Eocene series are characterized by multiple hiatuses related to erosion, nondeposition, or condensed series in the Cap Bon and Gulf of Hammamet provinces. We have performed an integrated study taking advantage of surface and subsurface geology, faunal content, borehole logs, electrical well logs, vertical seismic profiles, and surface seismic sections. Calibrated seismic profiles together with borehole data analysis reveal unconformities with deep erosion, pinch outs, normal faulting, and basin inversion that are dated Campanian, intra-Lutetian, and Priabonian compressive phases; these events were also described at the regional scale in Tunisia. Tectonics, sea-level fluctuations, and climate changes closely controlled the depositional process during the Middle to Upper Eocene time. The depositional environment ranges from internal to outer platform separated by an inherited paleo high. We determine eight third-order sequences characterizing the interaction among tectonic pulsations, sea-level changes, and the developed accommodation space within the Middle to Upper Eocene interval. We correlate the obtained results of the Cap Bon-Gulf of Hammamet provinces with the published global charts of sea-level changes, and we find a good correspondence across third-order cycles. Model-based 3D inversion proved to be a solution to model the lateral and vertical lithologic distribution of the Middle to Upper Eocene series.
Iconographic Volatility in the Fuxi-Nüwa Triads of the Han Dynasty
Authors: Guo Yanlong
Published: June 2021

Over the span of some two hundred years, from the late Western Han to the late Eastern Han, triad images featuring a prominent central being flanked by two smaller, snake-bodied figures, occurred on murals and carved stones in Henan, Shandong, and adjacent areas. The iconographic schema of the flanking figures, Nüwa and Fuxi, appears mature and stable, with their identities consistently determined by their half-human, half-serpent, and gendered bodies as well as by the divine objects they hold—sun and moon, compass and T square, numinous mushrooms. The iconography of the third being, however, appears far less consistent and somewhat elusive, yielding many different identifications by scholars. The seemingly anomalous pictorial program speaks to the issue of iconographic volatility in Han art. Looking across the corpus of triad images, this essay identifies the volatile third being as the Grand One, and proposes that its figural metamorphoses were predicated on the amorphousness of the supreme deity of Daoist cosmogony. Distilling the three most important formal aspects of the Grand One—a therianthropic being, a forceful facilitator, and a regal icon—this essay argues that the triad images embodied a coherent program depicting the cosmogonic origin of the world that began with the Grand One conjugating yin and yang, associated with Nüwa and Fuxi respectively. The emergence of this triad imagery coincided with evolving Daoist thought during the Han dynasty.
A Word for Shen Yuan
Authors: Whitfield Roderick
Published: June 2021

This paper discusses the roles of Shen Yuan, an artist at the Yongzheng court, who produced the monochrome cartoon of Qingming shanghe tu, and of the five court artists who produced the final version in colors on silk. Their respective contributions show that Shen Yuan used details from Zhang Zeduan's Song-dynasty original and later versions to create an entirely new composition. The five court artists adhered closely to Shen Yuan's cartoon, while adding some embellishments. The unusual honor accorded to the cartoon, bearing seals of Prince Bao, and mounted with the same brocade as Qiu Ying's version, highlight Shen Yuan's seminal role, despite his name not appearing in the finished painting.
Παράγοντες κινδύνου στους πολυτραυματίες και οικονομική επιβάρυνση στο δημόσιο σύστημα υγείας
Authors: Πετρούδη Δήμητρα
Published: June 2021

Το τραύμα αποτελεί ένα πρόβλημα της παγκόσμιας δημόσιας υγείας με οικονομικές, κοινωνικές και πολιτικές προεκτάσεις. Το κόστος νοσηλείας και η απώλεια εργατοωρών για αυτούς που φτάνουν στο νοσοκομείο είναι τεράστια για την εθνική οικονομία της κάθε χώρας και έχει την τάση να αυξάνεται.Ο πολυτραυματίας είναι ένας βαριά τραυματισμένος ασθενής που έχει δύο ή περισσότερες κακώσεις σε δύο τουλάχιστον περιοχές του σώματος (και λιγότερο συχνά δύο ή περισσότερες κακώσεις στην ίδια περιοχή του σώματος) και διατρέχει τον κίνδυνο των θανατηφόρων επιπλοκών. Παγκοσμίως, 16.000 άνθρωποι πεθαίνουν ημερησίως από τραύματα. Η αντιμετώπιση του πολυτραυματία έχει υποστεί τρομερές αλλαγές την τελευταία δεκαετία ως προς την εκτίμηση, τη διάγνωση, τη θεραπεία και την ομαδική προσέγγιση.Ο σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης είναι η καταγραφή των πολυτραυματιών και η αναζήτηση παραγόντων κινδύνου και κόστους88 συνολικά πολυτραυματίες ήταν το δείγμα της μελέτης κατά το χρονικό διάστημα 2014-2017.Βρέθηκαν:1) Ο μέσος όρος ηλικίας των πολυτραυματιών ήταν τα 39,69 έτη.2) Περισσότεροι από το 50% ήταν άντρες και κάτω των 41 ετών.3) Δεν υπήρχε μεγάλη διαφορά μεταξύ αυτών που είχαν κάποιο συνοδό πρόβλημα και αυτών που δεν είχαν.4) 72,7% νοσηλεύτηκαν σε ΜΕΘ με μέσο όρο τις 18,47 ημέρες.5) 21,6% είχαν κάποιο ανοιχτό κάταγμα και το 77,3% χρειάστηκε χειρουργική επέμβαση.6) 211 λεπτά ήταν ο μέσος χειρουργικός χρόνος.7) 2 στους 3 περίπου χρειάστηκαν μετάγγιση και περισσότεροι από τους μισούς παρουσίασαν λοίμωξη. 8) Το μέσο κόστος του ασθενούς ήταν 15.345 ευρώ. 9) Δεν βρέθηκαν σημαντικές σχέσεις μεταξύ GCS, ISS, φύλου, ηλικίας και BMI και μετάγγισης, καθώς και μεταξύ ανοικτού κατάγματος, ηλικίας και χειρουργικής επέμβασης και λοίμωξης.10) Η μειωμένη GCS, το αυξημένο ISS, η μεγάλη ηλικία συσχετίστηκαν σημαντικά με αυξημένη θνησιμότητα.11) Οι ημέρες της νοσηλείας δεν σχετίζονταν με το HCT και το BMI.12) Ο μέσος όρος νοσηλείας στο νοσοκομείο ήταν 38,6 μέρες με ελάχιστο την 1 ημέρα και μέγιστο τις 360 μέρες.13) 13 στους 88 απεβίωσαν.Η πρόληψη των ατυχημάτων, η σωστή και έγκαιρη αντιμετώπιση των τραυμάτων, η παρακολούθηση, η καταγραφή και ο έλεγχος των λοιμώξεων και η μείωση της διάρκειας νοσηλείας είναι κάποιοι από τους τρόπους μείωσης του οικονομικού κόστους ενός πολυτραυματία.
Η Θεραπευτική σχέση στη συστημική ψυχοθεραπεία οικογένειας και ζεύγους: απόψεις σε εξέλιξη
Authors: Pomini Valeria
Published: June 2021

The relationship between therapist and client plays a central role in the quality and effectiveness of psychotherapy, independently from the therapeutic approach adopted by the therapist. The therapeutic relationship in the frame of Systemic Family and Couple Psychotherapy (SFCP), presents several peculiarities, especially when displayed in the "classical" therapeutic context of systemic psychotherapy, where complex and multifaceted relationships develop between therapists and family members, in front and through the one-way mirror, forming a network of "multiple bonds". Modern views on therapeutic relationship in SFCP have been influenced by the development of the "second order cybernetic", since the late 1980s, and the subsequent "linguistic shift", according to which the therapist, as a part of the therapeutic system, dialogues with family members, contributing to co-constructs  new realities, as a therapeutic change cannot result from a didactic / guiding relationship. In this context, the emotions and feelings of the members of the therapeutic system come to the fore, whilst the issue of clients’ resistance to the treatment process is completely redefined. The research regarding the therapeutic relationship in the systemic approach, using both quantitative and qualitative methods, focused on a variety of dimensions, e.g., the impact of the session context and the used techniques, the degree of empathy between therapists and clients, and the therapeutic alliance that develops between them. In more recent years, the provision of mental health services using digital practices raised new challenges and concerns regarding the development of the therapeutic relationship in the new conditions of cooperation between therapist(s) and client(s) in online settings.
Θεραπευτική σχέση: αλλαγές και προκλήσεις σε ένα ταχέως εξελισσόμενο περιβάλλον
Authors: Karademas Evangelos C.
Published: June 2021

The aim of this short Commentary is to convey some thoughts and concerns that have arisen after reading the excellent articles included in this Special Issue. The focus will be on three particular points: (a) The differences that seem to exist, not so much regarding the general definition of therapeutic alliance, but rather with respect to the identification of the specific characteristics of this phenomemon and the factors that shape it. (b) The need to understand therapeutic alliance after taking into account the complex interactions that take place between several biological, psychological and social factors. Finally, (c) the impact of recent advancements, such as the great innovations in digital technology and health care, on therapeutic alliance. In any case, it is certain that our perception of therapeutic alliance will continue to evolve and change in the future.
Η θεραπευτική σχέση στην ψυχοδυναμική συμβουλευτική και ψυχοθεραπεία: σύγχρονα κλινικά και εμπειρικά δεδομένα
Authors: Yotsidi Vasiliki , Kounenou Kalliopi
Published: June 2021

In the psychodynamic approach, the therapeutic relationship stands at the core of the therapeutic process and constitutes a key factor of the effectiveness of treatment. As such, highlighting the psychodynamic components associated with the therapeutic relationship can help reinforce the role of counseling and clinical psychologists, by offering a broader understanding of the various dynamic interactions in clinical work. Specifically, the present paper delineates particular aspects of the therapeutic relationship (e.g. therapeutic alliance, transference, countertransference, real relationship) that should be taken into account in counseling and psychotherapy as essential components of the therapeutic relationship. Current empirical data are presented to demonstrate the importance of these parameters for the therapeutic process and outcome. Emphasis is also placed on the conditions that need to be fulfilled in order to ensure a relationship of therapeutic value, such as the importance of the therapeutic framework and the role of the psychologists / psychotherapists in dealing with enactments. Finally, the benefits of using the potential of the therapeutic relationship in clinical practice are highlighted, for improving both someone’s relationship with oneself and with others.
Κατανοώντας τα κοινωνικο-παρωθητικά χαρακτηριστικά των αρχηγών-θυτών του εκφοβισμού: Ο ρόλος των κοινωνικών στόχων και των λειτουργιών της επιθετικότητας
Authors: Kipritsi Eirini , Kokkinos Constantinos M.
Published: June 2021

The present study examines the role of social goals of ringleader bullies on school bullying according to Social Information Processing Model as well as the role of proactive and reactive aggression. The sample consisted of 222 fifth-grade and sixth-grade elementary school students from Northern Greece, who completed self-report questionnaires and responded to questions regarding social scenarios of ambiguous intent shown on video. The results showed that boys choose revenge more often than girls. Furthermore, ringleader bullies and ringleader bully followers choose more often, than the uninvolved, revenge as a motive in a social scenario of ambiguous intent. It is noteworthy that ringleader bullies choose more often than ringleader bully followers the social goal of building a relationship, while both ringleader bullies and ringleader bully followers adopt both forms of aggression, proactive and reactive, more than the uninvolved. The findings underline the motivational role of social goals in bullying, contribute to the discussion regarding ringleader bullies’ social cognition and emphasize the necessity of intervention programs focusing on social motives of preadolescent bullies.
The role of salivary contents and modern technologies in the remineralization of dental enamel: a narrative review
Authors: Farooq Imran , Bugshan Amr
Published: June 2021

Human enamel once formed cannot be biologically repaired or replaced. Saliva has a significant role in remineralization of dental enamel. It not only has a buffering capacity to neutralize the oral cavity’s low pH generated after acidic encounters, but also acts as a carrier of essential ions, such as fluoride, calcium and phosphate, which have a positive role in enamel’s remineralization. This review discusses how salivary contents, like proteins and enzymes, have a natural role in enamel’s mineralization. In addition, the presence of ions, such as fluoride, calcium and phosphate, in saliva further enhances its capability to remineralize the demineralized enamel surface. The review further examines modern innovative technologies, based on biomimetic regeneration systems, including dentin phosphoproteins, aspartate-serine-serine, recombinant porcine amelogenin, leucine-rich amelogenin peptide and nano-hydroxyapatite, that promote enamel remineralization. Fluoride boosters like calcium phosphates, polyphosphates, and certain natural products can also play an important role in enamel remineralization.
Negative sentiment towards COVID-19 vaccines: A comparative study of USA and UK social media posts before vaccination rollout
Authors: Lappeman James , Munyai Keneilwe , Mugo Kagina Benjamin
Published: June 2021

Abstract 

Introduction: The global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic was rapid and devastating to humanity. The public health response to the pandemic was rapid too. Completion of COVID-19 vaccine development was achieved in under a year. The USA and the UK were the first countries to rollout COVID-19 vaccines to contain the pandemic. Successful rollout of the vaccines hinges on many factors, among which is public trust.  

Aim: To investigate the sentiments towards COVID-19 vaccines in the USA and UK prior to vaccination rollout. 

Methods: Neuro-linguistic programming with human validation was used to analyse a sample of 243,883 COVID-19 vaccine related social media posts from the USA and the UK in the period 28 July to 28 August 2020. The sentiment analysis measured polarity (positive, neutral, negative), and the themes present in negative comments.  

Results: In the sample of 243,883 social media posts, both the USA and the UK had a net sentiment profile of approximately 28% positive, 8% negative and 63% neutral sentiment. On further analysis, there were distinct differences between the two country’s social media sentiment towards COVID-19 vaccines. The differences were seen in the themes behind the negative sentiment. In the USA, the negative sentiments were mainly due to health and safety concerns, the fear of making a vaccine mandatory, and the role that pharmaceutical companies would play with the release of vaccines. In the UK the main driver of negative sentiment was the fear of making the vaccine mandatory (almost double the size of the sentiment in the USA). 

Conclusions: Negative sentiments towards COVID-19 vaccines were prevalent in the third quarter of 2020 in the USA and the UK. Reasons behind the negative sentiments can be used by authorities in the two countries to design evidence-based interventions to address the refusal of vaccination against COVID-19.
Pesticide exposure and rhinitis: A cross-sectional study among farmers in Pitsanulok, Thailand
Authors: Juntarawijit Yuwayong , Juntarawijit Chudchawal
Published: June 2021

Background: Pesticide exposure has been suspected to cause rhinitis, a common disease that affects the health and wellbeing of millions of people around the world. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to examine the association between pesticide use and rhinitis prevalence among farmers in Phitsanulok province, Thailand.  

Methods: Data on pesticide use and rhinitis use were collected by an in-person interview questionnaire. Data from 9,649 participants were included in the analysis. The association between pesticide exposure and rhinitis was determined by multiple variable logistic regression, adjusted for potential confounding factors. 

Results: It was found that 6.3% of study participants had rhinitis, which was defined as having one or more of the following symptoms: sneezing, runny nose, and nasal congestion, within the past year.  The study found each type of pesticide (insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides, molluscicides) to be significantly associated with rhinitis, with the odds ratio ranging from 1.67 (95% CI 1.41-1.99) for the fungicide group to 7.19 (95% CI 4.67-11.06) for insecticide. For individual pesticides, the study found 33 out of 35 to be significantly associated with rhinitis with the OR values ranging from 1.30 (95% CI 1.00-1.69) for alachlor to 5.67 (95% CI 3.16-10.16) for Bordeaux mixture. 

Conclusions: This study found a prevalence of rhinitis among farmers in Phitsanulok, Thailand to be associated with the long-term exposure of many individual pesticides. This finding was consistent with other literature. Effects of pesticide on rhinitis should receive more attention from the public health and other organizations responsible for the farmers’ health.
Case Report: A rare case of renal-type clear cell carcinoma of the prostate
Authors: Palinrungi Muhammad Asykar , Masadah Rina , Kholis Khoirul , Syahrir Syakri , Syarif Syarif , Palinrungi Andhini L. R. , Krahmadi Eko , Faruk Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Renal-type clear cell carcinoma (RTCCC) of the prostate is a rare form of kidney cancer that is infrequently reported in the literature. Here we describe the case of an 81-year-old male patient with a hard, immovable mass on his enlarged prostate, which was discovered through a digital rectal examination. His prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 23.01 ng/ml, and bone multi-slice computed tomography scans revealed several osteoblastic lesions on the inferior ramus of his bilateral pubic bone. Tissue recovered during the trans urethral resection of the prostate was indicative of RTCCC with typical prostatic adenocarcinoma (Gleason score 3 + 4 = 7). Concerning treatment course, bilateral subcapsular orchiectomy was chosen over medical hormonal therapy. Upon follow-up 12 months post-surgery, his lower urinary tract symptoms were nearly resolved and his serum PSA level had decreased to 3.2 ng/ml. Accurate RTCCC diagnosis remains a pressing concern that warrants further investigation to optimize treatment selection and patient outcome.
Traumatic brain injury epidemiology and rehabilitation in Ireland: a protocol paper
Authors: O'Donnell Kate , Healy Andrea , Burke Teresa , Staines Anthony , McGettrick Grainne , Kwasky Andrea , O'Halloran Philip , Corrigan Catherine
Published: June 2021

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In Ireland, a dearth of research on TBI means that we neither know the number of people affected by this injury, nor have the information required to improve neuro-rehabilitation services.

Aims: This is the protocol for a study that will examine pathways through rehabilitation for survivors of TBI in the Republic of Ireland. The experiences of family members providing care or support to a person with TBI will also be explored. Additionally, the study will estimate the incidence and prevalence of TBI in Ireland. Epidemiological data and information on how people with TBI access rehabilitation and health services will support advocacy efforts towards the redevelopment of neuro-rehabilitation services.

Methods: The research is a mixed method, observational cohort study design. Participants with moderate to severe TBI will be recruited through two brain injury service providers, two acute hospitals that provide neurosurgical services, and the National Rehabilitation Hospital. Questionnaires will be administered to participants with TBI on two separate occasions, six months apart, and to family members providing care or support to an individual with TBI, on one occasion. Data from the medical records of participants will be abstracted to capture key information about their brain injury. TBI survivor participants’ use of health care will be followed prospectively for six months. 

Expected outcomes: The study will outline participants’ pathways through rehabilitation in Ireland, to understand how rehabilitation services are accessed, and the barriers to accessing these services. The incidence and prevalence of TBI in Ireland will be estimated. Experiences of family members providing care or support to an individual with TBI will be   detailed. The outcomes of the study will support ongoing efforts to improve care for TBI survivors in Ireland and to redevelop neuro-rehabilitation services.
The Portrayal of Women in Milton's Works. Milton's Misogyny
Authors: Köseoglu Berna
Published: June 2021

Analyzing John Milton’s works, one can observe the influence of his personal life, his biography upon his poetry and prose. Milton, in his works, not only demonstrates the social and political issues of his own society, but he also deals with the gender issue by creating female characters who have some weaknesses or faults, which cause destruction and disaster. Therefore, his own experiences not only related to social issues but also about women and marriage play a considerable role in his depiction of the relationship between female and male. In this article, the general condition of women in the 17th century English society and Milton’s portrayal of women will be analyzed by highlighting the influence of Milton’s own experiences upon his representation of gender roles.
¿Quién mira a quién? Reflejo y manipulación de la visión de los “indios” en textos coloniales norteamericanos: Roger Williams y Benjamin Franklin
Authors: Toda Iglesias María Ángeles
Published: June 2021

El artículo analiza el empleo de la voz de los indios de Norteamérica en dos textos coloniales, A Key into the Language of America, del predicador puritanoRoger Williams (1643), y “Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America,” de Benjamin Franklin (1783). La aparente subversión provocada por la representación de los nativos americanos como seres racionales y como sujetos que observan críticamente la sociedad de los colonizadores se controla a través de la manipulación de estas observaciones para los fines que persigue cada autor: lamentar o satirizar las deficiencias de la sociedad blanca y convertirlos en portavoces de sus propias ideas sobre la razón, la religión o la tolerancia.
Las preposiciones alemanas como portadoras de información léxica
Authors: López-Campos Bodineau Rafael
Published: June 2021

Las preposiciones alemanas son empleadas como introductoras de grupos nominales en el marco, fundamentalmente, de las funciones complemento circunstancial y complemento preposicional. En los casos en que aparecen como marcadoras de complementos circunstanciales suele atribuirseles una clara carga semantica en la medida en que establecer relaciones de oposiciOn; y en los casos en que marcan funciones de complemento preposicional tienden a una mayor vacuidad lexica. En este articulo se trata de dejar constancia del hecho de que tanto en un caso como en el otro, es decir, tanto en el caso de la funcion complemento circunstancial como en el caso de la funcion complemento preposicional es posible establecer diversos niveles de lexicalizaciOn en virtud de los cuales tanto unas como otras pueden responder a formatos de tipo lexicalizado, semilexicalizado o no lexicalizado.
Influencia del léxico afrikáans de origen neerlandés en el inglés de Sudáfrica
Authors: Sánchez Romero Francisco
Published: June 2021

English and Dutch are both spoken in South Africa in XVIII century and a new language emerges: Afrikaans, which is a mixture of Dutch and English, Malaysian, Portuguese and the tribal substrate. Only certain loans from Afrikaans will be analyzed: those registered in English from Dutch origin. I will focus on the historical frame where all this contribution of Afrikaans into English takes place and on the different semantic fields which these loans can be classified into. I’d like to draw conclusions about the most influential semantic field and about the degree of contact between Afrikaans and English, never to forget the Dutch start point of these words.
necropolítica, governo sobre as infâncias negras e educação do rosto
Authors: Silva Divino José da , Almeida Jonas Rangel de , Pagni Pedro Angelo
Published: June 2021

In this article, we seek to discuss the recurrence of racism and prejudice toward black lives and childhoods, in spite of repeated initiatives to overcome it by social and educational policy-makers. Following the investigations launched by Michel Foucault on the biopower hypothesis, we revisit some of his interpreters, with the objective of discussing the challenges posed by racism to pedagogical provisions for black children and—following on a concept offered by Emmanuel Levinas--an education of the Face (el Rostro), as a weapon in the political field of struggle against the thanatological dimension of biopolitics. To do so, we retrace some scenes from the history of inclusion devices – especially those policies aimed at black populations. We reflect on the racism embedded in our historical unconscious and discuss how it affects the education of the black Face in our country. We problematize the peculiarities of Brazilian racial prejudice and explore its necropolitical positioning when it comes to the governance of black childhoods. We conclude that the current form of governmentality and education needs a movement of de-rostification—deconstuction of the black Face--in order to identify a future for black children that makes it possible to rise up against the hegemonic order of the white-male-heterosexual-christian-European, and to create processes of subjectivation that can build solidarity with the multiplicity of others-becoming-minoritarian.
O papel da política externa brasileira e da paradiplomacia na resposta ao coronavírus | Brazilian foreign affairs and paradiplomacy role in the Coronavirus response efforts
Authors: Oliveira Patrícia , Nery Tiago
Published: June 2021

A partir dos anos 1980, fatores domésticos e sistêmicos contribuíram para que a política externa começasse a incorporar novos atores e temas para além das questões relativas à defesa e à segurança. Nesse contexto, a dimensão subnacional da política externa passou a ganhar cada vez mais importância com a atuação de estados e municípios em busca de um maior protagonismo internacional. Em 2020, com o surto global do coronavírus, essa atuação tem ganhado destaque pela incessante busca de parcerias internacionais para combater a doença, muitas vezes contrariando o governo federal, cuja atuação tem sido marcada pela falta de coordenação e até mesmo pelo conflito entre a União e os entes federativos. De natureza qualitativa, esse artigo utilizará fontes primárias e secundárias a fim de compreender a política externa subnacional voltada para o combate à pandemia.Palavras-chave: Política externa brasileira; paradiplomacia; coronavírus. ABSTRACTSince the 1980s, domestic and systemic factors contributed to the incorporation of new actors and themes in addition to defense and security issues at the foreign policy agenda. In this context, the action of states and municipalities searching for a greater international role result in a growth of importance of the subnational dimension of foreign policy. In 2020, with the global outbreak of coronavirus, this performance has gained prominence due to the subnational governments incessant search for international partnerships to fight the disease, often contradicting the federal government, whose performance has been marked by the lack of coordination and even by the conflict between the Union and federative entities. As a qualitative research, this article will use primary and secondary sources in order to understand the subnational foreign policy aimed at combating the pandemic.Keywords: Brazilian foreign policy; paradiplomacy; coronavirus. Recebido em: 01 abr. 2021 | Aceito em: 20 mai. 2021.
Artistic works of the literary group „Lanka”-MARS at the reception of the criticism of the Ukrainian diaspora
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Kryzhanovska O. O.
Published: June 2021

The article notes that critics of the Ukrainian diaspora emphasized the significance of the works of the „Lanka”-MARS authors, considered the main strategies of their work, and determined the connection of the works with the world literary tradition. Lavrinenko's anthology „The Executed Renaissance” allows us to understand the specifics of the history of Ukrainian literature of the 1920s and 1930s. Yu. Lavrinenko represented articles about the works of B. Antonenko-Davydovych, G. Kosynka, T. Osmachka, E. Pluzhnyk, V. Pidmohylny, and D. Falkivsky, which testify to the specifics of Yu. Lavrinenko's reception. The critic called love the main characteristic of T. Osmachka's poems. Yu. Lavrineno emphasized that D. Falkivsky's poetry is characterized by simplicity and naturalness. The article defines that the critic, characterizing the poetic texts of E. Pluzhnyk, emphasizes the principles of his poetics that represent acmeistic traditions. Yu. Lavrinenko focuses on determining the main principles of V. Pidmohylny's works. The article states that Yu. Lavrinenko calls G. Kosynka a talented author of his time, in his skill the writer stands next to M. Khvylov and V. Pidmohylny, his epic works reveal a synthesis of lyricism and brutal metaphor. B. Antonenko-Davidovych's story „Death” is represented by the critic of the Ukrainian diaspora as a confrontation between man, personality and the Communist Party. The article considers the reception of Yu. Sherekh by V. Pidmohylny and T. Osmachka. The critic reveals the deep meaning of V. Pidmohylny's novel „City”, which allows the modern reader to read the work from a different angle, to see new aspects of the artistic world of the text. The article examines the strategies of interpretation of the works of T. Osmachka. Yu. Sherekh called the Ukrainian poet one of the best modern authors, saw his connection with the world tradition, with the works of D. Byron and O. Pushkin.
Presentation as an efficient component in the organization of students’ individual work in learning English
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Okunkova L. O. , Bashynska D. A. ,   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Okunkova Ye. O. ,   Pomeranian Academy
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to defining the role of presentation as an efficient component in the organization of students’ individual work in learning English. The development of creative abilities of the individual in the modern educational space is considered to be more effective with the use of presentations during display topics individual work. The article emphasizes that individual work is an individual search for educational material according to the topic of study, which allows students to be creative. The work pays attention to creativity, which is not only the search for the latest, extraordinary ideas but also the appropriate use of already studied material. Despite the large number of project methods related to speaking, writing and other communicative approaches to mastering foreign language communication, the presentational method is considered to be the main component in the preparation of individual work. The article highlights the fact that such activities teach students to speak in public, to feel the audience, to respond adequately to criticism, to answer provocative questions and to respond to various remarks with a sense of humor. The most important thing in the presentation work is the result, which satisfies both parties: the speaker and the evaluator. The article identifies the role of slides as visual aids that attract students' attention, develop long-term memory, and encourage a creative approach in choosing material for demonstration. The article also focuses on the possibility of using computer technology, typical for modern youth, during distance learning or learning on an individual schedule.