bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inappropriate urinary catheterisation: a review of the prevalence, risk factors and measures to reduce incidence
Authors: Zhao Tao , Du Guiqin , Zhou Xuan
Published: May 2022

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) comprise the second most common type of healthcare-associated infections, with up to 80% of UTIs caused by indwelling urinary catheters. Current research suggests that the best way to prevent catheter-associated UTIs (CAUTIs) is to reduce unnecessary catheterisation. Few reviews have focused on the prevalence, risk factors and preventive measures for inappropriate catheterisation. This article, consequently, sought to evaluate the current evidence on the prevalence, risk factors and measures that can be taken to prevent inappropriate urinary catheterisation.
An overview of the diagnosis and management of non-neoplastic salivary gland pathologies
Authors: Sethi Neel , Booth Alessandra Joelle , Patel Nikul , Merrick Graham
Published: May 2022

Salivary gland pathologies can be caused by obstruction, inflammation, bacterial or viral infections and neoplasia. Patients can present with acute or chronic presentations of salivary gland disease. Salivary gland disorders can have a significant impact on a patient's systemic health, oral health and quality of life. This article aims to increase awareness of salivary gland pathologies and how they may present in practice. It aims to offer general dental practitioners an understanding of how salivary gland disease can be managed in primary care and which conditions may warrant referral to secondary care, including suspected malignancy. The dental profession has a duty of care to recognize pathologies and treat or refer patients. This article provides an overview of non-neoplastic salivary gland disease, including diagnoses, management and when to refer to secondary care.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: It is important to understand the signs, symptoms and management of non-neoplastic salivary gland diseases, and when to refer patients to secondary care.
SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant and the future of the pandemic
Authors: Samaranayake Lakshman
Published: May 2022

Global infections with the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 have now superseded all other similar variant infections we have witnessed thus far. The current global wave mainly caused by a descendant of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, called BA.2, is the most prevalent in UK, and has a natural history somewhat different from its predecessors. It also appears, that the so-called COVID-19 variant infections, in varying guises, are the harbingers of the post-COVID-19, ‘new normal’ world of the future, we have to live in. Here, we look at key features of SARS-CoV-2 variants, particularly BA.1 and BA.2, and the reasons for their phenomenal spread, vaccine efficacy against them, as well as the unfolding short-term outlook for the pandemic.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: To describe the reasons for the high global prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, particularly its BA.2 subvariant, and discuss the attendant implications for the dental profession.
What is the value of supplementary prescribing in the 2020s? A dietitian's perspective
Authors: Ruddock Nicola , Rees Sharon
Published: May 2022

Background

Non-medical prescribing is well-established in healthcare. Two models are used in practice: supplementary prescribing and independent prescribing. Supplementary prescribing incorporates higher levels of supervision and governance and is the model permitted for use by dietitians.

Aim

To explore the value of supplementary prescribing from a dietitian's perspective.

Method

Non-medical prescribing models will be evaluated to establish the benefits and drawbacks of each and discussed in relation to dietetic practice.

Results

Both models of prescribing are perceived positively by patients. Training for both models is identical and enables the practitioner to work within their scope of practice. However, the clinical management plan, necessary for supplementary prescribing, is limiting and can prevent practitioners from implementing their role efficiently.

Conclusions

Supplementary prescribing has allowed dietitians to begin prescribing, but for other professions, this model has been superseded by independent prescribing. Supplementary prescribing may be becoming redundant in the 2020s.
Seasonal asthma: should it be managed differently?
Authors: Bostoct Beverley
Published: May 2022

Asthma is an inflammatory condition, which is usually associated with an allergic trigger and response. Seasonal changes can influence asthma morbidity and mortality. The aim of asthma management is to optimise symptom control by impacting of the inflammatory cascade and, where possible, avoidance of known allergens. Triggers for asthma symptoms can alter during the course of the year as weather and airborne allergens change with the seasons. People living with seasonal, allergic asthma should be taught to recognise their own triggers for their asthma symptoms and should be offered personalised, tailored advice, medication and action plans to proactively manage their asthma, optimise symptom control and prevent exacerbations.
Teachers’ Reflection of Students’ Engagement in Online Language Learning: Multi-case Study
Authors: Al-Shlowiy Ahmed
Published: May 2022

Learning engagement is one of the most important issues facing online learning, which has many distractions beyond the teacher’s control and management. This study examined teachers’ observations of their students’ engagement in online learning and their efforts to engage them. Teachers can evaluate different factors and conditions that affect students’ perceptions, engagement, motivation, and achievement. Language learning is influenced by several factors, such as teachers’ rapport and interaction with their students, students’ interaction and collaboration, and their engagement with social activities in learning situations. This qualitative multi-case study collected data from five language teachers by semi-structured interviews, teachers’ self-reports, and observational notes about their experiences of students’ engagement in their online lessons. It lasted for 15 teaching weeks in a Saudi intermediate school during the second semester of 2020-2021. The thematic analysis results in four main categories; (a) teachers’ challenges, (b) students’ responsibilities, (c) environment and system, and (d) attitude and excuses. These categories are built on 11 themes that provide insights into the factors, challenges, and threats, which influence learning engagement in online courses for teachers and students. The study recommends some techniques to maintain the learning engagement and provides some suggestions for future research.  
Estrategias de aprendizaje de estudiantes de primer año de ingreso a Kinesiología y su relación con el rendimiento académico.
Authors: Williams Oyarce Carolina , Santelices Cuevas Lucía , Del Río Cea María Paz , Soto Suazo Mauricio , Bittner Salgado Sandra , Asenjo Morosetti Andrés
Published: May 2022

INTRODUCCIÓN. Las estrategias de aprendizaje son procesos fundamentales en la adquisición del conocimiento. El propósito de este estudio fue conocer el perfil de estrategias de aprendizaje que poseen los estudiantes de primer año de Kinesiología y cómo estas impactan en el rendimiento académico. MÉTODO. En este estudio de tipo descriptivo y alcance correlacional participaron 154 de una población total de 179 estudiantes de primer año de Kinesiología de la Universidad Finis Terrae de las cohortes de ingreso 2018 y 2019, a quienes se les aplicó el test ACRA abreviado. El análisis de los datos consideró la estadística descriptiva e inferencial a través de ANOVA, t-Student y Pearson considerando un alfa de .05. RESULTADOS. Se encontró que existe un buen manejo de estrategias de aprendizaje por parte de los estudiantes (sobre 60%), sin embargo, se observan diferencias significativas entre grupos cuando las cohortes se separan en función de sus rendimientos. DISCUSIÓN. Los estudiantes de alto rendimiento utilizan estrategias dirigidas a la selección, organización y planificación de la información. Además, generan un plan de trabajo y utilizan estrategias de comprensión. Se concluye que a mayor utilización de estrategias de aprendizaje, mejor es el rendimiento académico obtenido por el estudiante, y que los estudiantes de buen rendimiento demuestran mayor utilización de estrategias intencionadas relacionadas con controlar sus procesos académicos.
Percepciones profesionales sobre las barreras para implementar un sistema aumentativo alternativo de comunicación de alta tecnología
Authors: Martínez González Lidia María , Pacheco-Molero Manuel , Escorcia Mora Claudia Tatiana , Gutiérrez Ortega Mónica
Published: May 2022

INTRODUCCIÓN. El campo de la comunicación aumentativa o alternativa (CAA) avanza continuamente y, dentro de este, cobran especial relevancia las nuevas tecnologías. Actualmente, los profesionales abordan el reto de facilitar la participación de los niños con necesidades complejas de comunicación a través del uso de dispositivos tecnológicos en el entorno y con las personas que pasan la mayor parte del tiempo. A partir de una revisión bibliográfica, en este estudio se documentan las limitaciones recogidas en otras investigaciones y que parecen ser las más significativas en la actualidad. El propósito de este trabajo es determinar las barreras que perciben los profesionales encargados de implementar un sistema aumentativo o alternativo de comunicación (SAAC) de alta tecnología. MÉTODO. Se ha realizado un estudio no experimental, de tipo correlacional-comparativo en el que han participado 229 profesionales de diferentes ámbitos vinculados al contexto del estudio. Los profesionales respondieron al instrumento compuesto por cuatro categorías que analizan las actitudes y barreras. RESULTADOS. Se advierte la persistencia de un conjunto de barreras documentadas en la literatura y falsos mitos. Variables tales como la formación, la experiencia profesional y/o el contexto donde trabajan los individuos influyen en las percepciones de los profesionales. DISCUSIÓN. La existencia de múltiples obstáculos relacionados con las aptitudes y actitudes de los profesionales origina que estos adopten en la práctica creencias desacertadas y exijan un conjunto de prerrequisitos al menor para acceder al SAAC de alta tecnología. La falta de formación específica en CAA, la no comprensión del papel de la CAA y la falta de ayudas económicas son percibidas como barreras a la hora de la implementación.
Into the wild of nonlinear electromagnetism—a course on nonlinear electromagnetism, not quite from scratch, part II: tutorial
Authors: Zolla Frédéric
Published: May 2022

This tutorial is aimed at introducing in a natural fashion the
propagation equation system governing the scattering of an
electromagnetic wave by a nonlinear medium. The purpose is first to
obtain equations showing the most common nonlinear effects such as the
Kerr effect or second and third harmonic generation by avoiding
conventional recipes and trying to arrive at these equations with a
minimum of assumptions. For this, we start from the general Maxwell’s
equations involving the fields

E

,

B

,

D

, and

H

, and we rigorously provide all the
hypotheses needed to attain the nonlinear systems of partial
differential equations involving the different complex amplitudes of
the different fields associated with the different frequencies at
stake. In part II, the difficult question of energy transfer between
fields emitted at the various frequencies involved is discussed in
detail. We then examine the tensorial nature of susceptibilities and,
using Neumann’s principle, show how the number of their independent
components can be significantly reduced. In part III, numerical
examples of scattering by nonlinear materials are given and
discussed.
Numerical investigation on the ranging performance of forward pulsed laser radar affected by shock waves
Authors: Hua Tuan , Liu Tinghao , Dai Keren , Yao Zongchen , Zhang Xiangjin , Zhang He
Published: May 2022

When an aircraft loaded with pulsed laser radar flies at supersonic speed, the laser beam will be distorted by the uneven outflow field, resulting in a significant reduction in ranging accuracy. In this study, the influence mechanism of the shock wave on the performance of forward pulsed laser radar is investigated. First, a novel semi-analytical method is proposed to model the pulsed laser echo wave affected by shock waves, which combines the laser radar equation with optical distortion parameters. Second, an improved ray tracing method based on inverse distance-weighted interpolation with a quadrilateral mesh is proposed to trace the trajectory of the laser beam passing through the flow field, and the effectiveness and superiority of the algorithm are verified. Thereafter, an evaluation method based on the optimal confidence interval is proposed to evaluate the ranging error of pulsed laser radar; which can effectively evaluate the ranging accuracy of pulsed laser radar under the influence of the shock wave. The simulation results show that the ranging performance of pulsed laser radar below Mach 3 is slightly affected, and the detection system error and random error reach the minimum and maximum at Mach 4, respectively. This study provides a theoretical basis for the suppression of the aero-optical effect of forward pulsed laser radar at supersonic speed.
Bio-inspired spherical compound eye camera for simultaneous wide-band and large field of view imaging
Authors: Zhang Shuangshuang , Wu Qi , Liu Chenyang , Wang Taisheng , Zhang Hongxin , Wang Jincheng , Ding Yue , Chi Jinpeng , Xu Wenbin , Xiang Yang , Shi Chengyong
Published: May 2022

Natural compound eyes have excellent optical characteristics, namely large field of view, small size, no aberration, and sensitive to motion. Some arthropods have more powerful vision. For example, the Morpho butterfly’s compound eyes can perceive the near-infrared and ultraviolet light that the human eye cannot see. This wide-band imaging with a large field of view has great potential in wide-area surveillance, all-weather panoramic imaging, and medical imaging. Hence, a wide-band spherical compound eye camera inspired by the Morpho butterfly’s eye was proposed. The wide-band spherical compound eye camera which can achieve a large field of view (360° × 171°) imaging over a wide range of wavelengths from 400nm to 1000nm, mainly consists of three parts: a wide-band spherical compound eye with 234 sub-eyes for light collection, a wide-band optical relay system for light transmission, and a wide-band CMOS image sensor for photoelectric conversion. Our experimental results show that the wide-band spherical compound eye camera not only captures a large field of view without anomalous blurring or aberrations but also perceives near-infrared light that is not recognized by the human eye. These features make it possible for distortion-free panoramic vision and panoramic medical diagnosis.
Design of structural coloration for full-color high-definition computer-generated holograms
Authors: Ham Sangwon , Park Sungjae , Jang Seong Woo , Lee Jonghyun , Ju Byeong-Kwon , Kim Hwi
Published: May 2022

This paper investigates the submicron scale color filter design in the high-definition computer-generated hologram (HD-CGH). It is addressed that single pixel structural coloration is essential for full-color wide-viewing angle HD-CGH because the conventional RGB color stripe filter degrades HD-CGH image quality due to low misalignment tolerance. Considering that a submicron scale slit or hole with metallic mirror sidewalls can operate as a single pixel color filter. We propose a design of single pixel RGB plasmonic color filter (PCF) and present the feasibility of applying the proposed single pixel RGB PCF to high-definition HD-CGHs. Based on the RGB PCF platform, a 1.1 µm × 1.1 µm RGB PCF is designed and the corresponding optical characteristics of the full-color HD-CGH are analyzed.
Source coherence-induced control of spatiotemporal coherency vortices
Authors: Ding Chaoliang , Horoshko Dmitri , Korotkova Olga , Jing Chenrui , Qi Xiexing , Pan Liuzhan
Published: May 2022

A novel method to achieve the coherence control of spatiotemporal coherency vortices of spatially and temporally partially coherent pulsed vortex (STPCPV) beams is proposed. The influence of spatial and temporal coherence of the source on the phase distributions and the positions of spatiotemporal coherency vortices of the STPCPV beams propagating through fused silica is investigated in detail, for the first time to our knowledge. It is found that the coherence width and the coherence time of the incident beam can be regarded as a perfect tool for controlling the phase distribution and position of a spatiotemporal coherency vortex. The results obtained in this paper will benefit a number of applications relating to light-matter interaction, quantum entanglement, quantum imaging, optical trapping and spatiotemporal spin-orbit angular momentum coupling.
Characterization and clustering of kinase isoform expression in metastatic melanoma
Authors: Holland David O. , Gotea Valer , Fedkenheuer Kevin , Jaiswal Sushil K. , Baugher Catherine , Tan Hua , Fedkenheuer Michael , Elnitski Laura
Published: May 2022

Mutations to the human kinome are known to play causal roles in cancer. The kinome regulates numerous cell processes including growth, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In addition to aberrant expression, aberrant alternative splicing of cancer-driver genes is receiving increased attention as it could lead to loss or gain of functional domains, altering a kinase’s downstream impact. The present study quantifies changes in gene expression and isoform ratios in the kinome of metastatic melanoma cells relative to primary tumors. We contrast 538 total kinases and 3,040 known kinase isoforms between 103 primary tumor and 367 metastatic samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We find strong evidence of differential expression (DE) at the gene level in 123 kinases (23%). Additionally, of the 468 kinases with alternative isoforms, 60 (13%) had significant difference in isoform ratios (DIR). Notably, DE and DIR have little correlation; for instance, although DE highlights enrichment in receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), DIR identifies altered splicing in non-receptor tyrosine kinases (nRTKs). Using exon junction mapping, we identify five examples of splicing events favored in metastatic samples. We demonstrate differential apoptosis and protein localization between SLK isoforms in metastatic melanoma. We cluster isoform expression data and identify subgroups that correlate with genomic subtypes and anatomic tumor locations. Notably, distinct DE and DIR patterns separate samples with BRAF hotspot mutations and (N/K/H)RAS hotspot mutations, the latter of which lacks effective kinase inhibitor treatments. DE in RAS mutants concentrates in CMGC kinases (a group including cell cycle and splicing regulators) rather than RTKs as in BRAF mutants. Furthermore, isoforms in the RAS kinase subgroup show enrichment for cancer-related processes such as angiogenesis and cell migration. Our results reveal a new approach to therapeutic target identification and demonstrate how different mutational subtypes may respond differently to treatments highlighting possible new driver events in cancer.
Seasonal variation in water use for hygiene in Oromia, Ethiopia, and its implications for trachoma control: An intensive observational study
Authors: Greenland Katie , Czerniewska Alexandra , Guye Meseret , Legesse Demitu , Ahmed Mume Asanti , Shafi Abdurahman Oumer , Abraham Aga Muluadam , Miecha Hirpha , Shumi Bejiga Gemechu , Sarah Virginia , Burton Matthew , Last Anna
Published: May 2022

If facial hygiene practices vary seasonally this could have important implications for the design of interventions for trachoma control. This observational study was conducted to explore seasonal variation in hygiene behaviours in 9 households with at least one child aged 1–9 years-of-age in the West Arsi zone in rural Oromia, Ethiopia. Sixty-one household members were observed intensively over two days in the dry season (January), the rainy season (July) and during the harvest period (October) in 2018. Structured record forms were used to document household water availability and use. Daily water use per capita was very low in all seasons (3.1–4.2 litres). Around one third of water consumed in households in all seasons was associated with body washing. Soap was used during 44 of 677 (6%) of these observed occasions and half of all body washes (n = 340; 50%) included face washing. Overall, 95% of 58 individuals washed their faces at least once between 06:30h and 21:30h in the dry season (21% with soap), compared with 79% in the rainy season (2% with soap) (p = 0.013). Sixty-five percent of householders washed their faces during the harvest observation period (06:30h to 17:30h), none of whom used soap. Twenty-eight percent of 204 children aged 11 and under still had ocular or nasal discharge on their faces after washing. Seventy-three percent of those who washed their faces did so more than once in the dry season, compared with 33% in the rainy season (p<0.001). Face washing occurred throughout the day during the dry season, with a clear peak in the early morning and extra washes in the early evening. Face washing mainly took place in the early morning in the other two seasons. Genuine water scarcity in this area is likely to limit the impact of face washing interventions for trachoma control in the absence of water supply interventions. However, face washing was most common at the time of year when water is the hardest to come by, and seasonal differences in behaviour should be considered in any resulting intervention design.
Sex differences in self-perceived employability and self-motivated strategies for learning in Polish first-year students
Authors: Fudali-Czyż Agnieszka , Mamcarz Piotr Janusz , Martynowska Klaudia , Domagała-Zyśk Ewa , Rothwell Andrew
Published: May 2022

Self-perceived employability (SPE) is defined as the ability to attain sustainable employment appropriate to one’s qualification level (Rothwell 2008) and perceived as a crucial factor in university graduates’ career development. Meanwhile, University students are mainly assessed through the lens of academic achievement, which depend, inter alia, on the self-motivated strategies for learning (MSL). Firstly, we tested hypothesised sex differences in SPE’s and MSL’s factors in a group of the first-year university students (n = 600) in a Central European context. Our analyses revealed that female students, despite their higher results in MSL’s factors (self-regulation, learning strategies, intrinsic values, self-efficacy) presented lower internal SPE than male students. Secondly, we explored how much general SPE can be predicted from general MSL, taking into account sex as a moderator, finding that sex factor was not significant as a moderator. We can consider general MSL as a good predictor of general SPE in both sex groups. The results will provide evidence to support HEI curricular development and strategies for workplace attitude change to address existing sex inequalities. In addition, our findings relating to MSL will provide evidence to support the development of approaches to enhancing student employability with additional long term benefits in mental health and well-being.
Estimation of gait parameters using leg velocity for amputee population
Authors: Aftab Zohaib , Shad Rizwan
Published: May 2022

Quantification of key gait parameters plays an important role in assessing gait deficits in clinical research. Gait parameter estimation using lower-limb kinematics (mainly leg velocity data) has shown promise but lacks validation for the amputee population. The aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of lower-leg angular velocity to predict key gait events (toe-off and heel strike) and associated temporal parameters for the amputee population. An open data set of reflexive markers during treadmill walking from 10 subjects with unilateral transfemoral amputation was used. A rule-based dual-minima algorithm was developed to detect the landmarks in the shank velocity signal indicating toe-off and heel strike events. Four temporal gait parameters were also estimated (step time, stride time, stance and swing duration). These predictions were compared against the force platform data for 3000 walking cycles from 239 walking trials. Considerable accuracy was achieved for the HS event as well as for step and stride timings, with mean errors ranging from 0 to -13ms. The TO prediction exhibited a larger error with its mean ranging from 35-81ms. The algorithm consistently predicted the TO earlier than the actual event, resulting in prediction errors in stance and swing timings. Significant differences were found between the prediction for sound and prosthetic legs, with better TO accuracy on the prosthetic side. The prediction accuracy also appeared to improve with the subjects’ mobility level (K-level). In conclusion, the leg velocity profile, coupled with the dual-minima algorithm, can predict temporal parameters for the transfemoral amputee population with varying degrees of accuracy.
The impact of clarifying the long-term solution picture through solution-focused interventions on positive attitude towards life
Authors: Takagi Gen , Sakamoto Kazuma , Nihonmatsu Naoto , Hagidai Miki
Published: May 2022

Solution-focused brief therapy is a psychotherapeutic model. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of clarity of long-term solutions on positive attitude towards life. In order to examine the effects of the long-term solution image, the conditions for clarifying the long-term and short-term solution images, and not seeking clarification of the solution image were set and randomly assigned. A total of 94 participants who responded to all questions were included in the analysis. The results of this study indicate that clarity of the long-term solution enhances time-oriented attitude. In addition, the clarity of short-term solutions increases the reality of their goals. Furthermore, solution-building and, positive, and ideal levels of life were shown to increase after implementation, regardless of the condition. These results indicate that clarification of the long-term solution expands the positive attitude of valuing limited time.
Causal reasoning without mechanism
Authors: Dündar-Coecke Selma , Goldin Gideon , Sloman Steven A.
Published: May 2022

Unobservable mechanisms that tie causes to their effects generate observable events. How can one make inferences about hidden causal structures? This paper introduces the domain-matching heuristic to explain how humans perform causal reasoning when lacking mechanistic knowledge. We posit that people reduce the otherwise vast space of possible causal relations by focusing only on the likeliest ones. When thinking about a cause, people tend to think about possible effects that participate in the same domain, and vice versa. To explore the specific domains that people use, we asked people to cluster artifacts. The analyses revealed three commonly employed mechanism domains: the mechanical, chemical, and electromagnetic. Using these domains, we tested the domain-matching heuristic by testing adults’ and children’s causal attribution, prediction, judgment, and subjective understanding. We found that people’s responses conform with domain-matching. These results provide evidence for a heuristic that explains how people engage in causal reasoning without directly appealing to mechanistic or probabilistic knowledge.
Consensus molecular subtype differences linking colon adenocarcinoma and obesity revealed by a cohort transcriptomic analysis
Authors: Greene Michael W. , Abraham Peter T. , Kuhlers Peyton C. , Lipke Elizabeth A. , Heslin Martin J. , Wijaya Stanley T. , Odeniyi Ifeoluwa
Published: May 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States and worldwide. Obesity—a worldwide public health concern—is a known risk factor for cancer including CRC. However, the mechanisms underlying the link between CRC and obesity have yet to be fully elucidated in part because of the molecular heterogeneity of CRC. We hypothesized that obesity modulates CRC in a consensus molecular subtype (CMS)-dependent manner. RNA-seq data and associated tumor and patient characteristics including body weight and height data for 232 patients were obtained from The Cancer Genomic Atlas–Colon Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-COAD) database. Tumor samples were classified into the four CMSs with the CMScaller R package; body mass index (BMI) was calculated and categorized as normal, overweight, and obese. We observed a significant difference in CMS categorization between BMI categories. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between obese and overweight samples and normal samples differed across the CMSs, and associated prognostic analyses indicated that the DEGs had differing associations on survival. Using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, we found differences in Hallmark gene set enrichment between obese and overweight samples and normal samples across the CMSs. We constructed Protein-Protein Interaction networks and observed differences in obesity-regulated hub genes for each CMS. Finally, we analyzed and found differences in predicted drug sensitivity between obese and overweight samples and normal samples across the CMSs. Our findings support that obesity impacts the CRC tumor transcriptome in a CMS-specific manner. The possible associations reported here are preliminary and will require validation using in vitro and animal models to examine the CMS-dependence of the genes and pathways. Once validated the obesity-linked genes and pathways may represent new therapeutic targets to treat colon cancer in a CMS-dependent manner.
Deep neural networks to recover unknown physical parameters from oscillating time series
Authors: Garcon Antoine , Vexler Julian , Budker Dmitry , Kramer Stefan
Published: May 2022

Deep neural networks are widely used in pattern-recognition tasks for which a human-comprehensible, quantitative description of the data-generating process, cannot be obtained. While doing so, neural networks often produce an abstract (entangled and non-interpretable) representation of the data-generating process. This may be one of the reasons why neural networks are not yet used extensively in physics-experiment signal processing: physicists generally require their analyses to yield quantitative information about the system they study. In this article we use a deep neural network to disentangle components of oscillating time series. To this aim, we design and train the neural network on synthetic oscillating time series to perform two tasks: aregressionof the signal latent parameters andsignal denoisingby anAutoencoder-like architecture. We show that the regression and denoising performance is similar to those of least-square curve fittings with true latent-parameters initial guesses, in spite of the neural network needing no initial guesses at all. We then explore various applications in which we believe our architecture could prove useful for time-series processing, when prior knowledge is incomplete. As an example, we employ the neural network as a preprocessing tool to inform the least-square fits when initial guesses are unknown. Moreover, we show that the regression can be performed on some latent parameters, while ignoring the existence of others. Because theAutoencoderneeds no prior information about the physical model, the remaining unknown latent parameters can still be captured, thus making use of partial prior knowledge, while leaving space for data exploration and discoveries.
Acute effects of radiation treatment to submental muscles on burrowing and swallowing behaviors in a rat model
Authors: King Suzanne N. , Greenwell Evan , Kaissieh Nada , Devara Lekha , Carter Zachary , Fox James , Blackburn Megan
Published: May 2022

Swallowing impairments are a major complication of radiation treatment for oropharyngeal cancers, influencing oral intake and quality of life. The timing and functional consequences of radiation treatment on the swallowing process is not clearly understood. A rodent radiation injury model was used to investigate the onset of oral and pharyngeal dysfunctions in deglutition related to radiation treatment. This study tested the hypothesis that (Wall et al., 2013) alterations in normal biting, licking, and swallowing performance would be measurable following 64Gy of fractionated radiation to the submental muscles; and (Kotz et al., 2004) radiation will affect the animal’s general well-being as measured via burrowing activity. Seven rats received radiation using a clinical linear accelerator given in 8 fractions of 8Gy and another seven animals received sham anesthesia only treatment. Swallowing bolus transit/size was assessed via videofluoroscopy, tongue movement during drinking was measured via an electrical lick sensor, and biting was analyzed from acoustic recordings of a vermicelli pasta test. Burrowing activity was measured by the amount of gravel substrate displaced within a container. Measurements were taken at baseline, during treatment (1–4 weeks), and after completion of treatment (weeks 5 & 6). Decreases in licking frequency and increases in inter-lick interval were observed 5- and 6-weeks post-treatment. Significant decreases in burrowing performance, swallowing frequency, and inter-swallow interval were observed starting the last week of treatment and continuing up to 2-weeks after completion. Results suggest that tongue dysfunction is one of the first treatment related feeding problems to present immediately after the completion of radiation to the submental muscles.
Estimating the causal effect of treatment with direct-acting antivirals on kidney function among individuals with hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: O’Donnell Adrienne , Pham Nathan , Battisti Leandra , Epstein Rachel , Nunes David , Sawinski Deirdre , Lodi Sara
Published: May 2022

Background

Direct-acting antivirals (DAA) are highly effective at treating Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, with a cure rate >95%. However, the effect of DAAs on kidney function remains debated.

Methods

We analyzed electronic health record data for DAA-naive patients with chronic HCV infection engaged in HCV care at Boston Medical Center between 2014 and 2018. We compared the following hypothetical interventions using causal inference methods: 1) initiation of DAA and 2) no DAA initiation. For patients with normal kidney function at baseline (eGFR>90 ml/min/1.73m2), we estimated and compared the risk for reaching Stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD) (eGFR≤60 ml/min/1.73m2) under each intervention. For patients with baseline CKD Stages 2–4 (15<eGFR≤90 ml/min/1.73m2), we estimated and compared the mean change in eGFR at 2 years after baseline under each intervention. We used the parametric g-formula to adjust our estimates for baseline and time-varying confounders.

Results

First, among 1390 patients with normal kidney function at baseline the estimated 2-year risk difference (95% CI) of reaching Stage 3 CKD for DAA initiation versus no DAA was -1% (-3, 2). Second, among 733 patients with CKD Stage 2–4 at baseline the estimated 2-year mean difference in change in eGFR for DAA initiation versus no DAA therapy was -3 ml/min/1.73m2 (-8, 2).

Conclusions

We found no effect of DAA initiation on kidney function, independent of baseline renal status. This suggests that DAAs may not be nephrotoxic; furthermore, in the short-term, HCV clearance may not improve CKD.
Exploring artmaking as a source of metaphor for women’s cancer experiences: A phenomenological study
Authors: Novy Christine , Ranger Marie-Christine , Thomas Roanne
Published: May 2022

Metaphoric language is common in cancer discourse. However, prevailing military and journey metaphors may not capture variation in cancer experiences. In this article, the authors describe an art-based community research programme for women who had experienced cancer. Taking a phenomenological approach, the article examines how artmaking processes and materials were used by the study participants to shape their own metaphoric thought and, thereby, to articulate a more intimate understanding of their cancer experiences. The authors discuss four themes arising from their findings: (1) experiencing metaphor at its source, (2) artworks as insight cultivators, (3) art as process and metaphor for understanding cancer and (4) alternative metaphors for the cancer experience. Artmaking may be a means to enhance phenomenological data collection in the context of cancer experiences. By capturing variation in women’s cancer experiences, it may also lead to improvements in cancer survivorship care.
Ohar filologikoak Azkoitiko testu aurkitu berriaz: irakurketa proposamena
Authors: Ariztimuño Lopez Borja
Published: May 2022

Lan honetan, 1515 inguruko Azkoitiko poemen edizio kritikoa eskaintzen da, testuon aurkezpenean plazaratu transkripzio paleografikotik eta behin-behineko azterketa filologikotik abiatuta, helburua izanik alderdi ilunak argitzeko proposamenak aurkeztea eta hizkuntzaren analisi zehatzagoa egitea. Hala, poemen banaketa eta haien barneko egitura berria proposatzen da. Halaber, lehenago identifikatu ez diren ezaugarri batzuk deskribatu dira eta oro har, zailtasunak zailtasun, testua Gipuzkoa mendebaleko euskara arkaikoaren barruan koka daitekeela defendatu (batik bat aditz morfologiari erreparatuz; cf. eztet, naçu, niagon, çatan, vanijoean); hala ere, ustekabeko bequela ‘bezala’ aldaera azaltzeko, isoglosen aldakortasun diakronikoa ez ezik, poemen beren edota idatziz paratu zituen pertsonaren jatorria gehiago ikertzea ezinbestekotzat jotzen da, emaitza fidagarriagoak erdieste aldera.
Las intersecciones entre la pobreza laboral y los bajos salarios: claves para comprender una relación cada vez más divergente
Authors: Dominguez Olabide Peru
Published: May 2022

La pobreza laboral y los bajos salarios evalúan realidades de naturaleza distinta que se insertan dentro del marco de la relación entre la actividad laboral y la pobreza. En el caso de los bajos salarios, el núcleo del análisis se sitúa en conocer si un individuo se encuentra por debajo de un determinado umbral de la distribución salarial. En contraste, la pobreza laboral traslada el foco a las situaciones de pobreza en el hogar, donde junto a nivel salarial de los trabajadores/as, inciden otra serie de factores. Anteriormente, cuando el modelo familiar de sustentador único resultaba hegemónico, existía una estrecha relación entre ambos fenómenos, pero a medida que se ha ido fracturando, el vínculo entre ambos fenómenos se ha vuelto más complejo. El presente trabajo busca profundizar en las intersecciones que se producen entre estos dos fenómenos, y de esta forma tratar de determinar los elementos que han incidido en la cada vez mayor disociación entre ambos.
Reseña al libro “Relaciones laborales e industria digital: redes sociales, prevención de riesgos laborales, desconexión y trabajo a distancia en Europa”, de María Belén Fernández Collados (dir.)
Authors: González Martínez José Antonio
Published: May 2022

Esta investigación realizada por los autores, que cuenta con un enfoque interdisciplinar, aunque con un prima jurídico-laboral, y desde mi punto de vista magistralmente dirigida por la directora de la Cátedra de Relaciones Laborales, Diálogo Social y Bienestar Laboral de la Universidad de Murcia, cubre el encomiable objetivo de mejorar la divulgación de las relaciones laborales desde el prisma de la digitalización industrial y la implantación garantista del trabajo a distancia. Y exponen sus resultados, a lo largo de once capítulos, abordándose cinco aspectos claves
Tomografia komputerowa wiązki stożkowej w diagnostyce ubytku kości Stafne'a: sprawozdanie z siedmiu przypadków i przegląd literatury otwartego dostępu.
Authors: Gurniak Anna , Gurniak Michal
Published: May 2022

Defekt Stafnego (Stafne's bone cavity - SBC) jest rzadko spotykany w radiografii pantomograficznej i stożkowej tomografii komputerowej. Dokonaliśmy systematycznego przeglądu literatury otwartego dostępu PubMed i DOAJ. Zaproponowaliśmy również nową metodologię polegającą na współpracy z prywatnymi praktykami, zastosowanie metody partycypacyjnego podejścia naukowego i praktyki otwartej nauki oraz wykorzystanie narzędzia mediów społecznościowych do uzyskania i opisania siedmiu różnych przypadków SBC. Proponujemy nową tabelę macierzową do klasyfikacji anatomicznych typów SBC już opisanych i tych, które jeszcze nie zostały opisane w ogólnodostępnej literaturze.
La utopía del territorio perfectamente gobernado. Miedo y poder en la época de Miguel de la Torre, Puerto Rico 1822-1837
Authors: Von Grafenstein Johanna
Published: May 2022

Este reciente libro de Carlos Altagracia reúne varias características que lo convierten en un texto clave para explicar la política colonial de España en Puerto Rico, en la coyuntura de la aparición de las primeras repúblicas independientes en América Latina y el Caribe. En primer lugar, el autor analiza la coyuntura política con base en una metodología clara y unos conceptos aplicados con rigor pero también con la flexibilidad necesaria para interpretar una situación específica en lo espacial y lo temporal. En segundo lugar, se trata de un trabajo excelentemente documentado con fuentes primarias, documentales y bibliográficas que permiten al autor explicar la política de una figura importante del régimen colonial en Puerto Rico a la luz de un aparato conceptual bien definido. En tercer lugar me parece importante destacar el uso pertinente e inteligente de la historiografía puertorriqueña y caribeña.
A Estatística da População na América Portuguesa, 1750-1820
Authors: Silveira e Sousa Paulo , Teodoro de Matos Paulo
Published: May 2022

Desde a década de 1720 que a administração ultramarina portuguesa produziu ordens régias com vista a recolher e organizar informações padronizadas sobre a população do império. Estes processos ganharam uma dimensão particular no Brasil, durante a segunda metade do século XVIII, mas foram transversais a quase todos os territórios (em África, no Índico e no Oriente), dando origem a um extenso corpus documental constituído por várias centenas de mapas estatísticos. Inspirando-se nos princípios da aritmética política e do fisiocratismo as elites políticas portuguesas entenderam a população como um recurso de Estado que se deveria calcular, regular e canalizar segundo as conveniências da Coroa. Este artigo pretende descrever os modelos de ordens e de mapas estatísticos, bem como a sua evolução. Na linha de autores pioneiros como Dauril Alden e Maria Luiza Marcílio defenderemos o seu enorme potencial no cálculo de estimativas demográficas para o período colonial.
Empowering The Efl/EslClassThrough E-mail Activities
Authors: Rey Lourdes , Rosado Nayibe
Published: May 2022

This paper analyses the effect of using e-mail-based activities on EFL learning processes for developing writing and reading skills and enhancing metacognitive strategies. Our goal is to determine whether there is improvement in these skills and whether there is a change in their attitudes, beliefs, and motivation towards learning. Nowadays, there is a growing interest and motivation in using these activities for complementing the content of regular courses but, the questions are" will students enhance their learning through them? Will they become more autonomous and responsible for their learning process? Little research has been conducted to verify whether the use of these computers – based resources affect English learning positively. Therefore, we are currently carrying out a research on the systematic use of E-mail services in the EFL c1assroom to determine whether there is a significant improvement in the development of the writing and reading skills in English and whether there is a change in their attitudes, beliefs, and motivation towards learning.
Projeto geociencias e a formacao continuada de professores em exercicio no " ensmo fundamental: Reflexoes e resultados finais
Authors: COMPIANI MAURICIO
Published: May 2022

Apresentam-sealgumascaracterísticas, relflexoes resultados finais do Projeto'Geociéncias e a formacao continuadad e professores em exercício do ensino fundamen-tal O projetoé centradono prolessor e nao numa unidade escolar,e notratamento de temas de Geociéncias no ensino fundamental.Prioriza atividade do prolessor na sala de aula envolvendo a educaaocontinuada de professores segun do duas vertentes complementares entre si: a lormacao do professor pesquisador em exercfcio e orientacóes construtivistas do processo de ensino-aprendizagem.
Factores de escala y de aprendizaje de conceptos
Authors: Mendoza Peréz Aníbal
Published: May 2022

Este es un estudio teórico que tiene como propósito construir las bases conceptuales de una metodologla de enseñanza que propicie los procesos de enseñanza - aprendizaje dialogante en el aula de clase. En este trabajo se describe un modelo matemático acerca de los factores de escala, el cual se tiene en cuenta para analizar una definición como es el caso del factor de viabilidad de una célula. Se toma como metáfora ésta para construir otra definición que se ha denominado factor de aprendizaje. Se relaciona esta definición con la teorla de equilibración de Piaget y la zona de desarrollo próximo de Vygotsky y se buscan puntos comunes de esta tres definiciones con el propósito de propiciar en los enseñantes reflexiones críticas que ayuden a generar en sus aprendentes las transformaciones de sus esquemas cognoscitivos con miras a que logren la apropiación de conceptos.
La comprensión y producción de la exposición oral como técnica didáctica
Authors: González Ortiz Lucy
Published: May 2022

Para analizar el nivel de comprensión y producción de la exposición como técnica de comunicación oral empleada por los estudiantes del Programa de Medicina de la Fundación Universitaria San Martín, sede Puerto Colombia, p se realizó un estudio de caso en el marco de una investigación exploratoria, bajo el paradigma cualitativo. Se les realizó una encuesta a ocho docentes y doce estudiantes sobre sus definiciones acerca de “exposición” y sus criterios de evaluación. Para identificar los tipos de discurso y dificultades en su construcción y ejecución, a tres estudiantes se les hizo seguimiento en las exposiciones que realizaron durante primero, segundo y tercer semestre utilizando filmación, observación, entrevista, encuesta y análisis de tarea. La información se examinó empleando el análisis de contenido y la triangulación usando escalas de valoración descriptiva y clasificando los diversos aspectos de acuerdo con las operaciones retóricas constituyentes (inventio, dispositio y elocutio) y no constituyentes (memoria y actio) del discurso. Según los resultados, estudiantes y docentes manifiestan alta variación y poca elaboración en las definiciones de “exposición” como actividad pedagógica en clase.