bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Persuasion in musical multimedia
Authors: Antović Mihailo
Published: July 2018

I use the Conceptual Blending Theory to discuss the application of familiar music themes in unexpected contexts, where the music assists the image and text in swaying viewers’ opinion. A new interpretation emerges in such examples after two-tier conceptual blending. The musical themes initially integrate with the original (visual) context in listeners’ long-term memory, creating stable blends with predictable connotations. In the changed context, these blends become inputs in a new integration process, where the creators consciously play with listeners’ expectations: either by enhancing them, creating what blending theorists call the vital relation of analogy, or by disappointing them, creating the relation of disanalogy. I therefore integrate insights from cognitive linguistics and musicology in discussing the persuasive potentials of music.
Trafficking of cholesterol to the ER is required for NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: de la Roche Marianne , Hamilton Claire , Mortensen Rebecca , Jeyaprakash A. Arockia , Ghosh Sanjay , Anand Paras K.
Published: July 2018

Cellular lipids determine membrane integrity and fluidity and are being increasingly recognized to influence immune responses. Cellular cholesterol requirements are fulfilled through biosynthesis and uptake programs. In an intricate pathway involving the lysosomal cholesterol transporter NPC1, the sterol gets unequally distributed across intracellular compartments. By using pharmacological and genetic approaches targeting NPC1, we reveal that blockade of cholesterol trafficking through the late endosome–lysosome pathway blunts NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Altered cholesterol localization at the plasma membrane (PM) in Npc1−/− cells abrogated AKT–mTOR signaling by TLR4. However, the inability to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome was traced to perturbed cholesterol trafficking to the ER but not the PM. Accordingly, acute cholesterol depletion in the ER membranes by statins abrogated casp-1 activation and IL-1β secretion and ablated NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. By contrast, assembly and activation of the AIM2 inflammasome progressed unrestricted. Together, this study reveals ER sterol levels as a metabolic rheostat for the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
Transcription and mRNA export machineries SAGA and TREX-2 maintain monoubiquitinated H2B balance required for DNA repair
Authors: Evangelista Federica M. , Maglott-Roth Anne , Stierle Matthieu , Brino Laurent , Soutoglou Evi , Tora László
Published: July 2018

DNA repair is critical to maintaining genome integrity, and its dysfunction can cause accumulation of unresolved damage that leads to genomic instability. The Spt–Ada–Gcn5 acetyltransferase (SAGA) coactivator complex and the nuclear pore–associated transcription and export complex 2 (TREX-2) couple transcription with mRNA export. In this study, we identify a novel interplay between human TREX-2 and the deubiquitination module (DUBm) of SAGA required for genome stability. We find that the scaffold subunit of TREX-2, GANP, positively regulates DNA repair through homologous recombination (HR). In contrast, DUBm adaptor subunits ENY2 and ATXNL3 are required to limit unscheduled HR. These opposite roles are achieved through monoubiquitinated histone H2B (H2Bub1). Interestingly, the activity of the DUBm of SAGA on H2Bub1 is dependent on the integrity of the TREX-2 complex. Thus, we describe the existence of a functional interaction between human TREX-2 and SAGA DUBm that is key to maintaining the H2B/HB2ub1 balance needed for efficient repair and HR.
Electric field determination in air plasmas from intensity ratio of nitrogen spectral bands: I. Sensitivity analysis and uncertainty quantification of dominant processes
Authors: Obrusník Adam , Bílek Petr , Hoder Tomáš , Šimek Milan , Bonaventura Zdeněk
Published: July 2018

The ratio of the spectral band intensities of the first negative and second positive spectral systems of molecular nitrogen is a well recognized method for indirect determination of the electric field. It is applied for various plasmas, e.g. barrier and corona discharges for industrial applications or geophysical plasmas occurring in the Earth’s atmosphere. The method relies on the dependence of the intensity ratio R(E/N) of selected bands on the reduced electric field strength. Both experimental and theoretical approaches have been used to determine this dependence, yet there still is a rather large spread in the data available in literature. The primary aim of this work is to quantify the overall uncertainty of the theoretical R(E/N) dependence and identify the main sources of this uncertainty. As the first step we perform sensitivity analysis on a full N2/O2 plasma kinetics model to find a minimal set of processes that are influential for the R(E/N) dependence. It is found to be in agreement with simplified kinetic models generally used. Subsequently, we utilize Monte Carlo-based uncertainty quantification to provide a confidence band for the electric field obtained from the theoretical R(E/N) dependence. Finally, subsequent steps are proposed to significantly reduce the uncertainty of the method.
A Common CACNA1C Gene Risk Variant has Sex-Dependent Effects on Behavioral Traits and Brain Functional Activity
Authors: Takeuchi Hikaru , Tomita Hiroaki , Taki Yasuyuki , Kikuchi Yoshie , Ono Chiaki , Yu Zhiqian , Nouchi Rui , Yokoyama Ryoichi , Kotozaki Yuka , Nakagawa Seishu , Sekiguchi Atsushi , Iizuka Kunio , Hanawa Sugiko , Araki Tsuyoshi , Miyauchi Carlos Makoto , Sakaki Kohei , Nozawa Takayuki , Ikeda Shigeyuki , Yokota Susumu , Magistro Daniele , Sassa Yuko , Kawashima Ryuta
Published: July 2018

Genome-wide association studies have suggested that allelic variations in the CACNA1C gene confer susceptibility to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder only in women. Here we investigated the sex-specific effects of the CACNA1C variant rs1024582 on psychiatry-related traits, brain activity during tasks and rest, and brain volume in 1207 normal male and female subjects. After correcting for multiple comparisons, there were significant interaction effects between sex and the minor allele of this polymorphism on the hostile behavior subscale scores of the Coronary-Prone Type Scale mediated by higher scores in female carriers of the minor allele. Imaging analyses revealed significant interaction effects between sex and the minor allele on fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and on brain activity during the 2-back task in areas of the right posterior cingulate cortex, right thalamus, and right hippocampus, which were all mediated by reduced activity in female carriers of the minor allele. Our results demonstrated that the rs1024582 risk variant of CACNA1C is associated with reduced activity in the frontolimbic regions at rest and during a working memory task as well as with greater hostility in females in the healthy population.
Interdatabase Variability in Cortical Thickness Measurements
Authors: MacDonald M Ethan , Williams Rebecca J , Forkert Nils D , Berman Avery J L , McCreary Cheryl R , Frayne Richard , Pike G Bruce
Published: July 2018

The phenomenon of cortical thinning with age has been well established; however, the measured rate of change varies between studies. The source of this variation could be image acquisition techniques including hardware and vendor specific differences. Databases are often consolidated to increase the number of subjects but underlying differences between these datasets could have undesired effects. We explore differences in cerebral cortex thinning between 4 databases, totaling 1382 subjects. We investigate several aspects of these databases, including: 1) differences between databases of cortical thinning rates versus age, 2) correlation of cortical thinning rates between regions for each database, and 3) regression bootstrapping to determine the effect of the number of subjects included. We also examined the effect of different databases on age prediction modeling. Cortical thinning rates were significantly different between databases in all 68 parcellated regions (ANCOVA, P < 0.001). Subtle differences were observed in correlation matrices and bootstrapping convergence. Age prediction modeling using a leave-one-out cross-validation approach showed varying prediction performance (0.64 < R2 < 0.82) between databases. When a database was used to calibrate the model and then applied to another database, prediction performance consistently decreased. We conclude that there are indeed differences in the measured cortical thinning rates between these large-scale databases.
“Who’s Caring for Us?”: Understanding and Addressing the Effects of Emotional Labor on Home Health Aides’ Well-being
Authors: Franzosa Emily , Tsui Emma K , Baron Sherry
Published: July 2018

Background and Objectives

Interventions to strengthen the home care workforce focus on workers’ economic and physical well-being, without acknowledging the caring labor affecting emotional well-being. Our study examined workers’ perceptions of the emotional effects of caring work, coping mechanisms, and desired support.

Research Design and Methods

We conducted 4 worker focus groups (n = 27). Moderators cross-checked codes and themes, and aides provided input through report-backs.

Results

Building close, trusting relationships with clients was central to aides’ emotional well-being. Well-being was also influenced by relationships with client families and agency supervisors, work–life balance, and the level to which aides felt their work was valued. Aides were largely alone in managing job stressors and desired more communication, connection, and support from supervisors and peers.

Discussion and Implications

Recognizing and supporting the emotional demands of caring work is crucial to strengthening the workforce. Policy makers and agencies must realign reimbursement systems, job descriptions, and care plans to include measures of emotional labor, improve communication between workers and supervisors, and provide training, mental health benefits, and peer support.
Derived Categories of Noncommutative Quadrics and Hilbert Squares
Authors: Belmans Pieter , Raedschelders Theo
Published: July 2018

A noncommutative deformation of a quadric surface is usually described by a three-dimensional cubic Artin–Schelter regular algebra. In this paper we show that for such an algebra its bounded derived category embeds into the bounded derived category of a commutative deformation of the Hilbert scheme of two points on the quadric. This is the second example in support of a conjecture by Orlov. Based on this example we formulate an infinitesimal version of the conjecture and provide some evidence in the case of smooth projective surfaces.
Efficacy and unintended consequences of hard-stop alerts in electronic health record systems: a systematic review
Authors: Powers Emily M , Shiffman Richard N , Melnick Edward R , Hickner Andrew , Sharifi Mona
Published: July 2018

Objective

Clinical decision support (CDS) hard-stop alerts—those in which the user is either prevented from taking an action altogether or allowed to proceed only with the external override of a third party—are increasingly common but can be problematic. To understand their appropriate application, we asked 3 key questions: (1) To what extent are hard-stop alerts effective in improving patient health and healthcare delivery outcomes? (2) What are the adverse events and unintended consequences of hard-stop alerts? (3) How do hard-stop alerts compare to soft-stop alerts?

Methods and Materials

Studies evaluating computerized hard-stop alerts in healthcare settings were identified from biomedical and computer science databases, gray literature sites, reference lists, and reviews. Articles were extracted for process outcomes, health outcomes, unintended consequences, user experience, and technical details.

Results

Of 32 studies, 15 evaluated health outcomes, 16 process outcomes only, 10 user experience, and 4 compared hard and soft stops. Seventy-nine percent showed improvement in health outcomes and 88% in process outcomes. Studies reporting good user experience cited heavy user involvement and iterative design. Eleven studies reported on unintended consequences including avoidance of hard-stopped workflow, increased alert frequency, and delay to care. Hard stops were superior to soft stops in 3 of 4 studies.

Conclusions

Hard stops can be effective and powerful tools in the CDS armamentarium, but they must be implemented judiciously with continuous user feedback informing rapid, iterative design. Investigators must report on associated health outcomes and unintended consequences when implementing IT solutions to clinical problems.
B-cell therapy in lupus nephritis: an overview
Authors: Almaani Salem , Rovin Brad H
Published: July 2018

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune multisystem disease that commonly affects the kidneys. It is characterized by persistent autoantibody production that targets a multitude of self-antigens. B-cells, plasmablasts and plasma cells, as the source of these autoantibodies, play a major role in the development of lupus nephritis (LN), and are therefore promising therapeutic targets. To date, however, randomized clinical trials of B-cell therapies in LN have not lived up to expectations, whereas uncontrolled cohort and observational studies of B-cell antagonists have been more promising. In this article, we will review the current experience with B-cell therapy in LN and highlight the pitfalls that may have limited their success. We will conclude by suggesting B-cell-centric approaches to the management of LN based on what has been learned from the overall B-cell experience in SLE.
Azygous Anterior Cerebral Artery Acute Occlusion Managed With Endovascular Mechanical Thrombectomy: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Rangel-Castilla Leonardo , Siddiqui Adnan H
Published: July 2018

Mechanical thrombectomy has become the standard of care for management of most acute large-vessel occlusion (LVO) strokes. Most intracranial occlusions are located in the middle cerebral and internal carotid arteries. We present a unique case of acute occlusion of an azygous anterior cerebral artery (ACA). A 59-yr-old man with known hypertension and alcoholism presented with right hemiparesis, right facial palsy, aphasia, and dysarthria. His initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was 20. Computed tomographic angiography and perfusion imaging demonstrated acute bilateral ACA occlusion with viable penumbra and preserved cerebral blood volume. The patient was not a candidate for intravenous tissue plasminogen activator because he presented with a wake-up stroke. After consent was obtained from his family, the patient was taken urgently for endovascular recanalization. Digital subtraction angiography confirmed acute azygous ACA occlusion. Under conscious sedation, the patient underwent mechanical thrombectomy with a stent retriever and a large-bore aspiration catheter. Successful revascularization (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction [TICI] grade 3) of the azygous ACA and both A2 arteries was obtained after 2 attempts and the use of a different stent retriever (first a 3 × 30 mm Trevo [Stryker Neurovascular, Kalamazoo, Michigan] and then a 4 × 40 mm Solitaire Platinum [Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland]). A reperfusion catheter was used during both attempts. No procedure-related complications occurred. The patient was discharged to a rehabilitation facility 3 d after the procedure with an NIHSS score of 2. In this video, we present the operative nuances of an uncommon location of LVO and its endovascular management.
Correlation between Infantile Colic and Maternal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy, Breastfeeding Success and Breast Milk Amount
Authors: Aktaş Songül , Küçük Alemdar Dilek
Published: July 2018

Aim

The study was conducted to determine the correlation between infantile colic and maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy, breastfeeding success and breast milk amount.

Materials and methods

This descriptive study included 154 mothers, with infants of age between 3 weeks and 6 months who were diagnosed with infantile colic and who were admitted to the paediatric outpatient clinics of a hospital located in northern Turkey.

Result

A negative correlation was found between ‘parent–infant interaction + problem infant’ and ‘immature gastrointestinal system’ subscales of the Infantile Colic Scale (ICS) and the total mean scores of mothers on the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. In addition, correlation analysis showed a statistically significant negative correlation between mean scores of mothers in breastfeeding success and subscale and total mean scores of ICS.

Conclusion

The breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding success is low in mothers of infants with infantile colic.
Digital Disaster and the Ethics of Virtual Plant Pathology
Authors: Stowell L. J.
Published: July 2018

The responsibility we take on as plant pathologists when we diagnose plant diseases is a serious one that impacts crop management strategies, pesticide use patterns, food and environmental safety. For this reason, our goal should always be to use all information available—about the plant, the microorganisms present, and the conditions that led to the problem–to ensure that the final diagnosis is as accurate as possible. Yet in the past few years, we have seen increasing adoption of the use of photographs and digital images as the sole source of information for a plant health diagnosis.

Posted 28 June 2000.
Ascosporic Fertilization of Epichloë typhina in Dactylis glomerata Seed Production Fields in Oregon and Implications for Choke Management
Authors: Alderman S. C. , Rao S.
Published: July 2018

Epichloë typhina, causal agent of choke, is a fungus that systemically infects the crown and foliage of Dactylis glomerata(orchardgrass). The process of infection of orchardgrass by E. typhina has not been fully established, but ascospores are believed to be responsible for new plant infections. The objective of this study was to determine if ascospores could serve as spermatia and fertilize stromata of E. typhina. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ascosporic fertilization in the genus Epichloë.

Accepted for publication 28 January 2008. Published 21 April 2008.
Does N or K Nutrition Affect Bronze Wilt in Field-Grown Cotton?
Authors: Gwathmey C. O. , Newman M. A. , Canaday C. H.
Published: July 2018

Bronze wilt (BW) is a disorder of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) that has reduced yields of susceptible cultivars, and may recur in future cultivar releases. Because BW may impair uptake or translocation of mineral nutrients, soil fertility may affect BW incidence or its impact on growth and development. A 3-year study was conducted to determine effects of N and K fertility and tillage on BW incidence and impact on growth and development of field-grown cotton. Incidence of BW was relatively low and unaffected by N or K fertility in this study with or without tillage. Neither N fertility nor tillage affected growth and development responses to BW, although high N fertility delayed appearance of secondary symptoms by an average of 3.5 days. Plant growth response to K fertility was suppressed by BW. Boll retention was reduced more than vegetative growth by BW, but this response was not mitigated by N or K fertilization. Leaves of BW plants had equivalent K concentration as normal plants, but 30% lower P, indicating that BW impaired P uptake or translocation. Results suggest that N and K fertilization are not useful methods to manage BW, but P nutrition merits further research.

Accepted for publication 17 August 2008. Published 17 November 2008.
Dahlia Mosaic-Associated Caulimoviruses in Dahlia in Lithuania
Authors: Samuitiene Marija , Navalinskiene Meletele , Eid Sahar G. , Pappu Hanu R.
Published: July 2018

In recent years, field floriculture development in Lithuania has been given increased attention particularly for the benefit of small family farms that produce seedlings of perennial ornamentals for the domestic market and for export to the neighboring countries. To better understand the incidence and diversity of caulimoviruses recently reported in dahlia, the authors further investigated new Lithuanian dahlia cultivars for the presence of various caulimoviruses using species-specific primers and polymerase chain reaction.

Accepted for publication 16 December 2009. Published 2 March 2009.
Effect of Diseases on Soybean Yield in the Top Eight Producing Countries in 2006
Authors: Wrather A. , Shannon G. , Balardin R. , Carregal L. , Escobar R. , Gupta G. K. , Ma Z. , Morel W. , Ploper D. , Tenuta A.
Published: July 2018

The objective of this project was to compile estimates of yield loss in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] to diseases in the top eight soybean-producing countries in 2006. The purpose was to provide information needed by local and world agencies to allocate funds for research and to help scientists focus and coordinate research efforts. Methods used by plant pathologists to estimate yield loss to diseases in these countries included systematic field surveys, cultivar trials, diagnostic clinic records, personal observations, and questionnaires sent to crop consultants and extension staff. The 2006 harvest of soybeans in the top eight soybean-producing countries was reduced an estimated 59.9 million metric tonnes (t) by diseases according to results of the current study. Soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, reduced yield in all these countries except Canada in 2006, and the total was more than any other. Next in decreasing order of total yield loss were soybean cyst nematode, brown spot, seedling diseases, anthracnose, and charcoal rot.

Accepted for publication 27 October 2009. Published 25 January 2010.
Anthracnose Resistance in Sorghum Breeding Lines Developed from Ethiopian Germplasm
Authors: Erpelding John E.
Published: July 2018

Ninety-nine dwarf and photoperiod-insensitive breeding lines developed from Ethiopian sorghum germplasm were inoculated with Colletotrichum sublineolum and evaluated for anthracnose resistance at the Tropical Agriculture Research Station in Isabela, Puerto Rico, during the 2008 and 2009 growing seasons. A resistant response was observed for 57 lines in 2008 and for 47 lines in 2009 with 44 lines showing a resistant response across growing seasons. These lines showed reddening of inoculated leaves and no acervuli. Variation in resistance across growing seasons and replications within a growing season was observed for 19 lines rated as susceptible and these lines also showed low disease severity. Mean disease severity for the susceptible accessions was similar across growing seasons with a mean of 26% for 42 lines in 2008 and 23% for 52 lines in 2009. The resistant lines showed phenotypic diversity in response to anthracnose, suggesting potential genetic variation for resistance.

Accepted for publication 31 October 2010. Published 23 November 2010.
Fungicide Impact on in vitro Germination of Basidiospores of Puccinia horiana, the Causal Agent of Chrysanthemum White Rust
Authors: Palmer C. L. , Bonde M. R. , Nester S. E. , Revell J. M. , Luster D. G.
Published: July 2018

Puccinia horiana is an actionable pathogen that, upon diagnosis, triggers an eradication protocol combining destruction of symptomatic chrysanthemums and a strict fungicide regime for asymptomatic plants. Symptoms typically appear during the fall as growers prepare to ship their crops. To expand the list of effective fungicides and develop fungicide sensitivity baselines, we screened in vitro germination of P. horiana basidiospores in 0.05% water agar solution amended with varying concentrations of 14 fungicides: azoxystrobin, boscalid + pyraclostrobin, fluoxastrobin, mancozeb, mandestrobin, metconazole, myclobutanil, propiconazole, tebuconazole, triadimefon, trifloxystrobin, trifloxystrobin + triadimefon, and triticonazole. Leaves with pustules ready to sporulate were affixed to petri plate lids over bases containing fungicide-amended agar. After 2 days in the dark, percent basidiospore germination was assessed. Concentrations required for 50% germination (EC50) grouped according to fungicide mode of action. Benzimidazoles exhibited EC50 values ranging from 9 to 244 ppm, while strobilurins ranged from 2 to 27 ppb. Mancozeb exhibited an EC50 of 7 ppm, and chlorothalonil was 205 ppb. Combinations of strobilurins with other modes of action exhibited EC50 values in the same range as the strobilurins. These data provide a baseline for monitoring resistance development to P. horiana over time.

Accepted for publication 15 January 2015. Published 7 April 2015.
Determination of Fungicide Resistance in Botrytis cinerea from Strawberry in the Central Coast Region of California
Authors: Pokorny Andrew , Smilanick Joseph , Xiao Chang-Lin , Farrar James J. , Shrestha Anil
Published: July 2018

Grey mold, caused by Botryis cinerea, is one of the most important diseases of strawberry in California. Management of grey mold typically relies on repeated fungicide applications. The occurrence of fungicide resistance in B. cinerea was examined in the Central Coast strawberry production region of California. In mid-May 2013, 59 samples consisting of a single diseased fruit or plant part with gray mold symptoms were collected from six different strawberry fields. Single hyphal tip cultures were then used for mycelial growth assays to compare sensitivities to four different fungicides—boscalid, fenhexamid, iprodione, and pyraclostrobin. Each isolate was tested against discriminatory doses of each of the fungicides. In addition, representative highly sensitive and highly resistant isolates were tested against a range of fungicide concentrations to determine EC50 values. Although all of the 59 isolates were sensitive to iprodione, 37%, 31%, and 29% of the isolates were resistant to pyraclostrobin, fenhexamid, and boscalid, respectively. In some instances the isolates were dual and triple-resistant to these fungicides. EC50 values were often higher than 100 mg/liter, which was the highest concentration used. Therefore, appropriate fungicide resistance management measures should be employed in strawberry growing areas of the Central Coast region of California.

Accepted for publication 19 February 2016. Published 2 March 2016.
Assessment of Common Soybean-Infecting Viruses in Ohio, USA, Through Multi-site Sampling and High-Throughput Sequencing
Authors: Han Junping , Domier Leslie L. , Cassone Bryan J. , Dorrance Anne , Qu Feng
Published: July 2018

Multi-site sampling was conducted during 2011 and 2012 to assess the scope of virus disease problems of soybean in Ohio, USA. A total of 259 samples were collected from 80 soybean fields distributed in 42 Ohio counties, accounting for more than 90% of major soybean-growing counties in Ohio. A high-throughput RNA-Seq approach was adopted to identify all viruses in the samples that share sufficient sequence similarities with known plant viruses. To minimize sequencing costs, total RNA extracted from up to 20 samples were first pooled to make up regional pools, resulting in eight regional pools per year in both 2011 and 2012. These regional pools were further pooled into two yearly master pools of RNA, and sequenced using the Illumina's HiSeq2000 platform. Bioinformatic analyses of sequence reads led to the identification of signature sequences of nine different viruses. The originating locations of these viruses were then mapped with PCR or RT-PCR. This study confirmed the widespread distribution of Bean pod mottle virus, Soybean vein necrosis virus, Tobacco ringspot virus, and Tobacco streak virus in Ohio. It additionally revealed occasional association of Alfalfa mosaic virus, Bean yellow mosaic virus, Clover yellow vein virus, Soybean mosaic virus, and Soybean Putnam virus with Ohio soybean. This is the first statewide survey of soybean viruses in Ohio, and provides the much-needed baseline information for management of virus diseases of soybean.

Accepted for publication 20 May 2016. Published 10 June 2016.
A Backcross Line of Thatcher Wheat with Adult Plant Leaf Rust Resistance Derived from Duster Wheat has Lr46 and Lr77
Authors: Kolmer J. A. , Su Z. , Bernardo A. , Bai G. , Chao S.
Published: July 2018

The widely grown hard red winter wheat cultivar Duster released in 2006 has remained highly resistant to leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina in the southern Great Plains of the United States. In contrast, many of the winter wheat cultivars in this region are susceptible to leaf rust. The goal of this study was to identify the number and chromosome location of leaf rust resistance genes in a line of Thatcher*2/Duster wheat that was selected for adult plant leaf rust resistance. The Thatcher*2/Duster line was crossed with Thatcher (Tc) and a recombinant line inbred line (RIL) population was advanced to the F6 generation by single-seed descent. The parents and RIL population were phenotyped for leaf rust resistance in three field plot tests and in an adult plant greenhouse test. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers derived from the Illumina Infinium iSelect 90K wheat SNP array, kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction assays on chromosome 3BL, and a sequence tagged site (STS) marker on chromosome 1BL were used to construct a genetic map of the RIL population. The STS marker csLV46G22 that is linked with resistance gene Lr46 on chromosome 1BL, and SNP marker IWB10344 that is linked with Lr77 on chromosome 3BL, were significantly associated with lower leaf rust severity. Duster has at least three adult plant resistance genes for leaf rust resistance because it was previously determined to also have the adult plant resistance gene Lr34. Duster is a valuable source of durable leaf rust resistance for hard red winter wheat improvement in the Great Plains region.
Socioenvironmental stressors encountered during spaceflight partially affect the murine TCR‐β repertoire and increase its self‐reactivity
Authors: Fonte Coralie , Kaminski Sandra , Vanet Anne , Lanfumey Laurence , Cohen-Salmon Charles , Ghislin Stéphanie , Frippiat Jean-Pol
Published: July 2018

Spaceflights are known to affect the immune system. In a previous study, we demonstrated that hypergravity exposure during murine development modified 85% of the T‐cell receptor (TCR)‐β repertoire. In this study, we investigated whether socioenvironmental stressors encountered during space missions affect T lymphopoiesis and the TCR‐β repertoire. To address this question, pregnant mice were subjected throughout gestation to chronic unpredictable mild stressors (CUMS), a model used to mimic socioenvironmental stresses encountered during space missions. Then, newborn T lymphopoiesis and the TCR‐β repertoire were studied by flow cytometry and high‐throughput sequencing, respectively. No change in thymocyte maturation or TCR expression were noted. TCR‐β repertoire analysis revealed that 75% of neonate TCR‐β sequences resulted from the expression of 3 variable (V)β segments and that this core repertoire was not affected by CUMS. However, the minor repertoire, representing 25% of the global repertoire, was sensitive to CUMS exposure. We also showed that the variable (diversity) joining [V(D)J] recombination process was unlikely to be affected. Finally, we noted that the CUMS neonatal minor repertoire was more self‐reactive than the one of control pups. These findings show that socioenvironmental stressors such as those encountered during space missions affect a fraction (25%) of the TCR‐β repertoire and that these stressors could increase self‐reactivity.—Fonte, C., Kaminski, S., Vanet, A., Lanfumey, L., Cohen‐Salmon, C., Ghislin, S., Frippiat, J.‐P. Socioenvironmental stressors encountered during spaceflight partially affect the murine TCR‐β repertoire and increase its self‐reactivity. FASEB J. 33, 896–908 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Infertility secondary to a pituitary adenoma
Authors: O'Laughlin Danielle
Published: July 2018

Evaluating patients for infertility is common in the primary care setting and can involve multiple differentials and treatment options. This case report describes a 34-year-old woman whose infertility evaluation led to the diagnosis of a pituitary adenoma.
Nurses’ Voices Matter in Decisions About Dismissing Vaccine-Refusing Families
Authors: Deem Michael J.
Published: July 2018

APRNs and RNs have a stake in these policies—and an invaluable perspective to contribute.
Depression Diagnoses Surge Nationwide
Authors: Zolot Joan
Published: July 2018

Adolescents and millennials show the highest rates of increase.
Some Anticholinergics Linked to Increased Dementia Risk
Authors: Rosenberg Karen , Mechatie Elizabeth
Published: July 2018

According to this study:

Some types of anticholinergic drugs are associated with a risk of dementia.

The drugs identified include antidepressant, antiparkinson, and urological drugs known to have cognitive anticholinergic effects.
The Labyrinthine Workings of the Nursing Home Business
Authors: Sofer Dalia
Published: July 2018

A look inside an opaque industry that often puts profits over patient care.
Impact of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Interventions on All-Cause Mortality in Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Bazoukis George , Tse Gary , Korantzopoulos Panagiotis , Liu Tong , Letsas Konstantinos P. , Stavrakis Stavros , Naka Katerina K.
Published: July 2018

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) have a unique role in the primary and secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death. However, appropriate and inappropriate ICD interventions [antitachycardia pacing (ATP) or shocks] can result in deleterious effects. The aim of our study was to systematically review the existing data about the impact of ICD interventions on all-cause mortality in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). We systematically searched MEDLINE (by using PubMed Web-based search engine) without any limits until September 30, 2017. After screening 17,752 records, a total of 17 studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in our meta-analysis. Our data showed that in patients with HFrEF, appropriate [hazard ratio (HR), 2.00; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.52–2.63; P < 0.01; I
2 88%] and inappropriate [HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.07–1.58; P < 0.01; I
2 26%] ICD interventions were significantly associated with increased all-cause mortality. However, neither appropriate ATP [HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.80–2.02; P = 0.30; I
2 62%] nor inappropriate ATP [HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.49–2.07; P = 0.98; I
2 46%] were significantly associated with all-cause mortality in this patient population. In conclusion, ICD shocks are associated with a worse prognosis in HFrEF.
Early Predictors of Long-term Outcomes in Childhood Glaucoma
Authors: Chang Ta C. , Cavuoto Kara M. , Grajewski Alana L. , Hodapp Elizabeth A. , Vanner Elizabeth A.
Published: July 2018

Purpose:

A data-based staging system for childhood glaucoma is likely to improve the prediction of visual acuity and intraocular pressure (IOP) control outcomes. We investigated early clinical factors associated with poor long-term visual, and IOP control outcomes in early-onset glaucoma as the initial steps to constructing a severity staging system.

Design:

Statistical modeling of retrospective case series data.

Participants:

Glaucoma patients younger than 3 years of age who presented to Bascom Palmer Eye Institute between 1990 and 2010 with at least 5 years of follow up.

Methods:

Statistical modeling of retrospective case series data from first, second, third, 3-year, 5-year, and final visits.

Main Outcome Measures:

Association of early clinical characteristics to final IOP-control outcomes and visual acuities.

Results:

A total of 26 eyes of 15 children were included. Nine of 15 (60%) of patients were male. Mean age at initial presentation: 9.98±10.55 months. Mean duration between initial and final visits: 11.13±3.55 years. By the third visit (mean 6.69 mo after presentation), presence of nystagmus, anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD) or having failed angle surgery increased the final LogMAR visual acuity by 0.76 (P=0.0516), 0.64 (P=0.0618), and 0.58 (P=0.0159), respectively. At year 3, failed amblyopia therapy, failed angle surgery, nystagmus, media opacity (MO), or ASD increased the final LogMAR by 1.30, 1.34, 1.21, 0.85, 0.64, respectively (all P<0.02). Failed angle surgery or MO increased the chance of uncontrolled IOP at the final visit (proportional odds ratio of 6.77 and 12.88, respectively).

Conclusions:

In this pilot study of a modest size cohort, the presence of nystagmus, ASD or failed angle surgery early in the course of infantile-onset glaucoma management predicted poor final visual outcome, whereas failed angle surgery and presence of MO predicted poor final IOP control. These predictors of poor outcomes will serve as the initial steps in constructing a severity staging system.
Outcomes of Silicone Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation in Refractory Pediatric Glaucoma
Authors: Senthil Sirisha , Turaga Kiranmaye , Mohammed Hasnat A. , Krishnamurthy Rashmi , Badakere Swathi , Dikshit Siddharth , Choudhari Nikhil , Mandal Anil K. , Garudadri Chandra S.
Published: July 2018

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to report the outcomes of Silicone Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (AGV) implantation in the management of refractory pediatric glaucoma.

Methods:

Between 2007 and 2015, 76 eyes of 64 children aged 16 years or younger underwent AGV implantation. We included 65 eyes of 53 children with follow up ≥6 months; 24 eyes had primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and 41 eyes had secondary pediatric glaucoma (SPG). Success was defined as IOP>5 and ≤21 mm Hg with or without topical antiglaucoma medications; considered failure, when repeat glaucoma surgery was need or loss of light perception. Primary outcome measure was success of AGV in refractory pediatric glaucomas and secondary outcome measure was comparison of outcomes in PCG and SPG.

Results:

The median age at AGV implantation was 3 years (interquartile range, 2, 12), and median follow up was 27 months (15, 39). The overall cumulative success probability was 88% [95% confidence interval (CI), 76%-94%] at 1 year and was maintained up to 4 years. The success probability in PCG was 91% (80.8%-100%), and SPG was 83% (72%-96%) at 1 year and 4 years (P=0.49). Among the preoperative factors, number of previous intraocular surgeries (hazard ratio of 2.24; 95% CI, 1.14-4.37, was significantly associated with failure; P=0.01). Tube-related complications (16%) were similar in both the groups. One eye in each group had sight-threatening complication.

Conclusions:

AGV implantation had good success rate in refractory pediatric glaucoma. The success rates were similar in PCG and SPG as were the complications. Number of prior intraocular surgeries was a risk factor for failure.
A Case of Refractory Neovascular Glaucoma Treated With a XEN 45 Implant
Authors: Tailor Rajen , Lalias Theodoros
Published: July 2018

Neovascular glaucoma carries a poor visual prognosis and surgery is frequently required to control the intraocular pressure. For patients who have visual potential, conventional glaucoma surgery such as a glaucoma drainage device or trabeculectomy are frequently performed. Cyclophotocoagulation is often reserved for eyes with poor visual potential, blind eyes, or where for medical reasons it is not possible for patients to have conventional surgery. Furthermore, patients with neovascular glaucoma often have multiple medical comorbidities, which mean they may be unsuitable for general anesthesia or not able to tolerate lying supine long enough under local anesthesia. We present a case of a patient who was blind in 1 eye from neovascular glaucoma after 2 treatments with cyclophotocoagulation and who then presented with neovascular glaucoma in his only seeing eye. Following failure of cyclophotocoagulation, a Xen implant was performed due to multiple medical comorbitidies, which meant that the patient was not suitable for conventional surgery. Twelve months, after the Xen implant, the patient underwent uncomplicated cataract extraction and lens implant followed by laser capsulotomy at 15 months after Xen implant. At final follow-up (24 months after the Xen implant), the intraocular pressure was 13 mm Hg without glaucoma medication and the patient maintained a corrected vision of 0.0 (6/6 snellen). Our case is the first reported case of the use of the Xen implant in the treatment of refractory neovascular glaucoma. We propose the Xen implant as a potential option in the surgical management of this challenging condition.
Twenty-five years of pain education research—what have we learned? Findings from a comprehensive scoping review of research into pre-registration pain education for health professionals
Authors: Thompson Kate , Johnson Mark I. , Milligan James , Briggs Michelle
Published: July 2018

The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) has designated 2018 as the global year for excellence in pain education. Despite advances in pain research, there remains an inadequate understanding and implementation of pain education that health professionals obtain in training before professional registration, licensure, or certification. This article reports on a synthesis of pain education research that has been conducted in this period of health professionals' training. A scoping review framework by Arksey and O'Malley was used to guide a search of medical and education databases for records that have examined or evaluated pain education. Fifty-six reports were identified representing 16 professions across 29 countries, published between 1992 and 2017. A descriptive account of the reports is provided, which includes a timeline, geography, methods of evaluating, and main purpose of the research. A narrative synthesis was undertaken to summarise and explain the results and main findings from reports of studies included in this review. Further to this, a concept analysis was conducted to identify and map key concepts that can be used by stakeholders to develop or evaluate future pain education. Future directions for research are proposed, which includes factors that are repeatedly reported to be important in advancing pain education and should underpin the campaign for environments that promote excellence in pain practice as the norm in health care.
Student Perceptions Regarding Collaborative Intraprofessional Nursing Education
Authors: George Tracy P. , Murphy Pamela Ford , DeCristofaro Claire , Hucks J. Marty
Published: July 2018

Background

Teamwork is an important factor in the provision of high-quality health care. There is a lack of research on collaboration between nursing students at different program levels.

Purpose

The purpose of this project was to determine student perceptions about collaborative learning activities between prelicensure BSN and MSN students.

Methods

Community assessments by BSN students identified health needs and issues for 6 underserved populations. Online MSN students used these assessments to create low-literacy patient education pamphlets. In turn, BSN students provided educational sessions at community sites using the pamphlets. Both groups completed presurveys and postsurveys assessing their perceptions of collaborative learning.

Results

There were statistically significant differences between the respondent groups for 3 survey questions about how this project helped prepare them for future practice and professional collaboration. Eight qualitative themes were identified.

Conclusion

Although desiring more face-to-face interaction between groups, students reported that collaboration was important.
Accurate Prediction of Congenital Heart Surgical Length of Stay Incorporating a Procedure-Based Categorical Variable*
Authors: Alexander Peta M. A. , DiOrio Matthew , Andren Kristofer , Gauvreau Kimberlee , Mistry Kshitij P. , Mathieu Derek , Wright Jonathan , Allan Catherine K. , Nathan Meena , Mayer John E. , Thiagarajan Ravi R. , Bergersen Lisa
Published: July 2018

Objectives:

There is increasing demand for the limited resource of Cardiac ICU care. In this setting, there is an expectation to optimize hospital resource use without restricting care delivery. We developed methodology to predict extended cardiac ICU length of stay following surgery for congenital heart disease.

Design:

Retrospective analysis by multivariable logistic regression of important predictive factors for outcome of postoperative ICU length of stay greater than 7 days.

Setting:

Cardiac ICU at Boston Children’s Hospital, a large, pediatric cardiac surgical referral center.

Patients:

All patients undergoing congenital heart surgery at Boston Children’s Hospital from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2015.

Interventions:

No study interventions.

Measurements and Main Results:

The patient population was identified. Clinical variables and Congenital Heart Surgical Stay categories were recorded based on surgical intervention performed. A model was built to predict the outcome postoperative ICU length of stay greater than 7 days at the time of surgical intervention. The development cohort included 4,029 cases categorized into five Congenital Heart Surgical Stay categories with a C statistic of 0.78 for the outcome ICU length of stay greater than 7 days. Explanatory value increased with inclusion of patient preoperative status as determined by age, ventilator dependence, and admission status (C statistic = 0.84). A second model was optimized with inclusion of intraoperative factors available at the time of postoperative ICU admission, including cardiopulmonary bypass time and chest left open (C statistic 0.87). Each model was tested in a validation cohort (n = 1,008) with equivalent C statistics.

Conclusions:

Using a model comprised of basic patient characteristics, we developed a robust prediction tool for patients who will remain in the ICU longer than 7 days after cardiac surgery, at the time of postoperative ICU admission. This model may assist in patient counseling, case scheduling, and capacity management. Further examination in external settings is needed to establish generalizability.
Undifferentiated Endometrial Carcinoma, an Immunohistochemical Study Including PD-L1 Testing of a Series of Cases From a Single Cancer Center
Authors: Al-Hussaini Maysa , Lataifeh Isam , Jaradat Imad , Abdeen Ghadeer , Otay Lian , Badran Osama , Abu Sheikha Areej , Dayyat Abdulmajeed , El Khaldi Mousa , Ashi Al-Loh Shaymaa
Published: July 2018

Undifferentiated endometrial carcinoma (UEC) is a rare and poorly recognized entity, associated with a poor outcome. The clinical, pathologic, and immunohistochemical features of 17 cases diagnosed at our center are described. The median age was 60 yr. Postmenopausal bleeding was the most common presenting symptom (76.9%). Most patients presented with advanced stage (64.7%). Total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was the commonly offered surgical treatment (80.0%). Nine (52.9%) patients received adjuvant treatment. The median overall survival was 11 mo. Pure UEC was seen in 8 cases (47.0%), while dedifferentiated carcinoma in 5 cases (29.4%). The epithelial component was part of carcinosarcoma or was mixed with serous carcinoma in 2 cases (11.8%) each. Positivity for one or more of the cytokeratin cocktails, mostly as strong focal staining, was evident in 16 cases (94.1%). PAX-8 was negative in 13 cases (86.7%). BRG-1/SMARCA4 was lost in 3 cases (20.0%). Eleven cases (64.7%) were MLH1/PMS2 deficient. Ten cases (66.7%) were positive for programmed death ligand 1, with positivity in 10%, 20%, and 100% of tumor cells detected in a single case each. Only 2 of 11 (18.2%) referral cases were correctly diagnosed as UEC. UEC is a rare tumor that is frequently misdiagnosed. A panel of immunostains is necessary to make the correct diagnosis. The range of positivity for programmed death ligand 1 testing suggests that immunotherapy might be considered in the adjuvant setting, especially with the poor response of this tumor to traditional therapies.