bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
КОПІНГ-СТРАТЕГІЇ ПОДОЛАННЯ СТРЕСУ СЕРЕД УЧНІВСЬКОЇ МОЛОДІ
Authors: Субашкевич Ірина Романівна , Бордіян Ярослав Ігорович
Published: April 2023

У статті описано поняття стресу та основні копінг-стратегії, як спосіб управління стресогенним чинником, який сприймається як загроза в ситуаціях, які виникають. Стрес серед учнів – це поширена проблема в сучасній освітній системі. Шкільний стрес може бути спричинений різними факторами, такими як великий навантаження на уроках, складні завдання, тиск соціальної взаємодії, недостатня підготовка до іспитів та тестів, несприятлива атмосфера в класі, та інші. Розкрито такі функції копінгу, як зниження негативного впливу складних обставин на особу; відновлення внутрішніх ресурсів; зміна життєдіяльності і її обставин; рівновага в емоційному плані та у встановленні позитивного сприйняття «Я-образу»; збереження та підтримка близьких соціальних зв’язків із іншими людьми. Вивчено показники копінг-стратегій, які учні зазвичай використовують під дією стресогенних чинників. Також були визначені індивідуальні показники поведінкової та емоційної реакції відповідно до ситуації, яка викликала тривожність. Встановлено, що учнівська молодь звикла застосовувати стратегію «Позитивне переоцінювання» – 34% та «Уникнення» – 24%. Поведінка «уникнення» характерна учням, які не бажають замічати проблему та якось її вирішувати. Найвищий показник виявився у середнього рівня. Особи характеризуються готовністю боротись із труднощами, якщо це не якась екстремальна ситуація, яка викликає підвищення тривожності та нестабільний емоційний настрій. Домінантними копінг-стратегіями для високого рівня стресостійкості можна вважати «Позитивне переоцінювання» – 42% досліджуваних та «Планування рішення» – 34%. Низький рівень стресостійкості характеризується вибором таких стратегій як «Уникнення» – 40% та «Дистанціювання» – 40%.
Occupational Therapy for Mental Health Conditions and Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Jafari Zahra , Grobelna Aleksandra
Published: April 2023

Occupational therapy interventions may be effective for reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety and improving function and participation with the interventions in adult patients diagnosed with depression and/or anxiety.

In patients with schizophrenia, occupational therapy interventions may improve social functioning, cognitive performance, executive function, and motivation; and reduce the duration and rate of rehospitalization.

We did not find any evidence regarding the clinical effectiveness of occupational therapy for the treatment of bipolar disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder that met the inclusion criteria for our review.

We did not find any evidence meeting our inclusion criteria about the cost-effectiveness of occupational therapy for the treatment of mental health conditions, as well as the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of occupational therapy for the treatment of substance use disorders.
The effectiveness of economic development interventions in humanitarian settings in low- and middle-income countries: A mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: Kapoor Malhotra Suchi , Vigneri Marcella , Dela Cruz Nina , Hou Liangying , White Howard
Published: April 2023

Humanitarian crises affect communities and people across the world, causing high levels of mortality and malnutrition, leading to the spread of diseases epidemics and health emergencies, and arresting economic growth. Several causes may trigger a humanitarian crisis: political events, such as armed conflicts, coups, and ethnic and religious persecution, and environmental catastrophes, such as floods, earthquakes and typhoons. This review looks at economic development interventions, such as livelihoods programmes, market support programmes, and local area development projects. Economic development interventions support economic development in the area in which humanitarian emergencies occur. It focuses on interventions and programmes that aim to bridge the transition from emergency response to the development of local economic systems post-conflict and post-disaster in low- and middle-income countries.
Evidence claims for informing decisions relating to socio-economic development
Authors: Oliver Sandy , Minchenko Dayana , Bangpan Mukdarut , Dickson Kelly , Stansfield Claire , Tripney Janice
Published: April 2023

The Centre of Excellence for Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL) develops and tests innovative methods for evaluation and evidence synthesis. Claims made in CEDIL studies are intended to inform socio-economic development in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), or research about LMICs. This paper provides an overview of how, in CEDIL-funded studies, claims arising from research (termed ‘evidence claims’ for brevity) have been justified and communicated in order to inform policy decisions relating to socio-economic development. This study addresses two important questions about research that is designed to produce findings for decision makers. First, how are the claims that arise from the findings justified? In other words, what are the criteria (evidence standards) that studies use, explicitly or implicitly, in order to justify their evidence claims? Second, how are those claims and justifications communicated in original research reports and other outputs that share the research more widely?
EFICÁCIA DA MANUTENÇÃO PREVENTIVA
Authors: Abreu Rafael Andrade de
Published: April 2023

Esta revisão de literatura tem como objetivo explorar as melhores práticas e ferramentas para garantir uma manutenção eficaz de sistemas, equipamentos e máquinas. Foram abordados tópicos como os diferentes tipos de manutenção, a importância da manutenção, as novas tecnologias em manutenção, a gestão da manutenção e a análise de falhas. A metodologia empregada foi a revisão sistemática da literatura, com a busca e análise de artigos científicos e outras fontes relevantes sobre o tema. Os principais resultados encontrados indicam a importância da utilização de técnicas de manutenção preventiva e preditiva, bem como a análise de dados e a gestão eficiente da manutenção para garantir a disponibilidade e a segurança dos ativos industriais. A capacitação dos profissionais de manutenção também é crucial para garantir a qualidade e eficácia das atividades de manutenção. Conclui-se que a utilização de ferramentas e tecnologias disponíveis, aliada a uma gestão eficiente da manutenção e capacitação dos profissionais, pode garantir uma manutenção eficaz de sistemas, equipamentos e máquinas, contribuindo para a eficiência e segurança dos ativos em diversos setores da indústria.
COMPREENDENDO O MODELO DE GOMPERTZ E SUAS APLICAÇÕES
Authors: Máximo Kissia Anne Matos
Published: April 2023

O objetivo desse artigo é apresentar um estudo sobre o Modelo Matemático de Gompertz e sua aplicabilidade. Para ilustrar a aplicabilidade do modelo, foi escolhido o estudo do tamanho de tubarões da espécie Sphyrna lewini, onde será feita uma análise da relação entre comprimento e tempo desses animais. Os dados utilizados nesse artigo foram obtidos a partir da literatura. Para a análise da relação entre comprimento e tempo dos tubarões da espécie Sphyrna lewini, foi utilizado o modelo matemático de Gompertz. O software Maple foi utilizado para a plotagem do gráfico.
Parameterization of downward long-wave radiation based on long-term baseline surface radiation measurements in China
Authors: Yang Junli , Hu Jianglin , Chen Qiying , Quan Weijun
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Downward long-wave radiation (DLR) affects energy exchange
between the land surface and the atmosphere and plays an important role in
weather forecasting, agricultural activities, and the development of climate
models. Because DLR is seldom observed at conventional radiation stations,
numerous empirical parameterizations have been presented to estimate DLR
from screen-level meteorological variables. The reliability and
representativeness of parameterization depend on the coefficients regressed
from the simultaneous observations of DLR and meteorological variables. Only
a few previous studies have attempted to build parameterizations over
regions in China such as the Tibetan Plateau and East China. In this study,
a long-term (2011–2022) hourly dataset of DLR and meteorological elements,
obtained from seven stations of the China Baseline Surface Radiation
Network, was used to recalculate the coefficients of the Brunt and Weng
models and to develop a new model. Results showed that the mean bias error
(MBE) and relative MBE (rMBE) between the measured clear-sky DLR and that
estimated using the Brunt, Weng, and new models were −4.3, −5.1, and 3.7 W m−2 and −1.5 %, −1.8 %, and 1.3 %, respectively. The
root mean square errors (RMSEs) were in the range of 13.8–14.3 W m−2, and the relative RMSEs (rRMSEs) were approximately 5.0 %. The MBEs
(rMBEs) of the Brunt, Weng, and new models under all-sky conditions were
−2.8 W m−2 (−1.0 %), −6.1 W m−2 (−2.1 %), and −1.5 W m−2 (−0.5 %), respectively. The RMSE (rRMSE) of the
parameterization models in retrieving all-sky DLR was ∼ 17.5 W m−2 (∼ 6.1 %). Therefore, the models are considered
suitable for retrieval of DLR over China.
Technical note: Sublimation of frozen CsCl solutions in an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) – determining the number and size of salt particles relevant to sea salt aerosols
Authors: Vetráková Lubica , Neděla Vilém , Závacká Kamila , Yang Xin , Heger Dominik
Published: April 2023

Abstract. We present a novel technique that elucidates the
mechanism of the formation of small aerosolizable salt particles from salty
frozen samples. We demonstrated that CsCl may be a suitable probe for
sea salts due to its similar subzero properties and sublimation outcomes:
CsCl substantially increased the visibility of the salt both during and
after ice sublimation. Hence, we identified the factors that, during the
sublimation of a frozen salty solution, are important in generating fine
salt particles as a possible source of salt aerosol. The number, size, and
structure of the particles that remain after ice sublimation were
investigated with respect to the concentration of the salt in the sample,
the freezing method, and the sublimation temperature. The last-named aspect
is evidently of primary importance for the preference of fine salt crystals
over a large compact piece of salt; we showed that the formation of
small salt particles is generally restricted if the brine is liquid during
the ice sublimation, i.e. at temperatures higher than the eutectic
temperature (Teu). Small salt particles that might be a source of
atmospheric aerosols were formed predominantly at temperatures below
Teu, and their structures strongly depended on the concentration of the
salt. For example, the sublimation of those samples that exhibited a concentration of less than
0.05 M often produced small aerosolizable isolated particles that are readily able to
be windblown. Conversely, the sublimation of 0.5 M samples led to the
formation of relatively stable and largely interconnected salt structures.
Our findings are in good agreement with other laboratory studies which have
unsuccessfully sought salt aerosols from, for example, frost flowers at
temperatures above Teu. This study offers an explanation of the
previously unexplored behaviour.
Measurement report: Radiative efficiencies of (CF3)2CFCN, CF3OCFCF2, and CF3OCF2CF3
Authors: Trisna Beni Adi , Park Seungnam , Park Injun , Lee Jeongsoon , Lim Jeong Sik
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Absorption cross sections of emerging greenhouse gases (GHGs) were measured to estimate the radiative efficiency using
high-resolution Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (HR-FTIR). For
quantitative spectroscopy, the Beer–Lambert parameters of absorber
pressure, temperature, and optical path length (OPL) were accurately
determined to be traceable to the primary standards. The OPL of the
multipass cell mounted on the HR-FTIR spectrometer was spectroscopically
calibrated. A ratio of the averaged N2O absorptions was found to be in
the range of 2217.4–2219.0 cm−1, with a spectral resolution of 0.026 cm−1, yielding a ratio of OPLs between the multipass cell and reference cell. This cell-to-cell comparison method is free from the
uncertainty of the referring line strength, which reduced the calibration uncertainty compared with the direct line-strength referring method. With
the OPL-calibrated multipass cell (3.169 ± 0.079 m), the absorption
cross sections were measured at low absorber pressures with a spectral resolution of 2 cm−1, integrated at 10 cm−1 intervals, and
multiplied by the new narrow band model to yield the radiative efficiencies.
The radiative efficiency values of CF4, SF6, and NF3 were
evaluated to be 0.085 ± 0.002, 0.573 ± 0.016, and 0.195 ± 0.008 W m−2 ppb−1, respectively, which are consistent with
previously reported values. For the emerging GHGs, the radiative efficiency
values were determined to be 0.201 ± 0.008 W m−2 ppb−1 for
heptafluoroisobutyronitrile (CF3)2CFCN; commercially referred to
as Novec-4710), 0.328 ± 0.013 W m−2 ppb−1 for perfluoro methyl vinyl
ether (CF3OCFCF2; PMVE), and 0.544 ± 0.022 W m−2 ppb−1 for 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)ethane
(CF3OCF2CF3; PFMEE).
Global warming will largely increase waste treatment CH4 emissions in Chinese megacities: insight from the first city-scale CH4 concentration observation network in Hangzhou, China
Authors: Hu Cheng , Zhang Junqing , Qi Bing , Du Rongguang , Xu Xiaofei , Xiong Haoyu , Liu Huili , Ai Xinyue , Peng Yiyi , Xiao Wei
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Atmospheric CH4 is the second-largest anthropogenic contributor to
global warming. However, its emissions, components, spatial–temporal
variations and projected changes still remain largely uncertain from city to
national scales. CH4 emissions from waste treatment (including solid
waste landfills, solid waste incineration and sewage) account for
>50 % of total anthropogenic CH4 emissions at the city scale,
and considering the high temperature sensitivity of CH4 emission
factors (EFs) to biological-process-based sources such as waste
treatment, large differences will occur when estimating future CH4
emissions under different global warming scenarios. Furthermore, the
relationships between temperature and waste treatment CH4 emissions
have only been studied in a few site-specific studies and lack representativity for whole cities, which contain various biophysical
conditions and show heterogeneous distribution. The above factors cause
uncertainty in the evaluation of city-scale CH4 emissions (especially
from waste treatments), and projected changes still remain unexplored. Here
we conduct the first tower-based CH4 observation network with three
sites in Hangzhou, which is located in the developed Yangtze River Delta
(YRD) area and ranks as one of the largest megacities in China. We found the
a priori total annual anthropogenic CH4 emissions and those from waste treatment
were overestimated by 36.0 % and 47.1 % in Hangzhou, respectively.
In contrast, the total emissions in the larger region, i.e., Zhejiang
Province or the YRD area, were slightly underestimated by 7.0 %. Emissions
from waste treatment showed obvious seasonal patterns following air
temperature. By using the linear relationship constructed between monthly
waste treatment CH4 emissions and air temperature, we find the waste
treatment EFs increase by 38 %–50 % with temperature
increases of 10 ∘C. Together with projected temperature changes from
four climate change scenarios, the global-warming-induced EFs in Hangzhou will increase at the rates of 2.2 %, 1.2 %, 0.7 % and 0.5 % per
decade for IPCC AR5 (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the Fifth
Assessment Report) RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) 8.5, RCP6.0,
RCP4.5 and RCP2.6 scenarios, respectively. And the EFs will finally increase
by 17.6 %, 9.6 %, 5.6 % and 4.0 % at the end of this century.
Additionally, the derived relative changes in China also show high
heterogeneity and indicate large uncertainty in projecting future national
total CH4 emissions. Hence, we strongly suggest temperature-dependent EFs and the positive feedback between global warming
and CH4 emissions should be considered in future CH4 emission
projections and climate change models.
Model-based insights into aerosol perturbation on pristine continental convective precipitation
Authors: Jiang Mengjiao , Li Yaoting , Hu Weiji , Yang Yinshan , Brasseur Guy , Zhao Xi
Published: April 2023

Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is of great importance for weather and climate due
to its role as a heat and water resource. Relatively clean aerosol conditions
over the Plateau make the study on the aerosol–cloud–precipitation
interactions in this pristine continental region distinctive. In order to
investigate the impacts of aerosols on small-scale convection processes over
the TP, a convective event with precipitation observed on 24 July 2014 in
Naqu was selected to explore the influence of aerosols on the onset and
intensity of precipitation. We use the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for
Research and Applications Version 2 (MERRA-2) reanalysis to derive the cloud
condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentration, which can be regarded as the
real-time background. These values are adopted to initialize the regional Weather Research Forecast (WRF) 4.0 meteorological model and to simulate the onset of convective events
and the formation of precipitation. Four sets of experiments, named clean
(1/10 CCN), control (default setting), Tibetan Plateau (CCN calculated
from MERRA-2 reanalysis), and polluted (10 times CCN), were adopted for our
simulations. A detailed analysis of the microphysical processes shows that
the conversion of cloud water into rain is enhanced by small increases in
aerosol concentration, while it is suppressed by larger increases in
concentration. However, the transformation of cloud water to graupel and the
development of convective clouds are favored under a polluted situation. As a
result, the onset of the precipitation is delayed and cold-rain intensity
increases.
Role of formation and decay of seston organic matter in the fate of methylmercury within the water column of a eutrophic lake
Authors: Balzer Laura , Baptista-Salazar Carluvy , Jonsson Sofi , Biester Harald
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Anoxic microniches in sinking particles in lakes have been
identified as important water phase production zones of monomethylmercury
(MeHg). However, the production and decay of MeHg during organic matter (OM)
decomposition in the water column and its relation to the total Hg
concentration in seston are poorly understood. We investigated total Hg and
MeHg in relation to chemical changes in sinking seston and hydrochemical
settings in a small and shallow (12 m deep) eutrophic lake during
phytoplankton blooms from April to November 2019. The results show that MeHg
proportions reach up to 22 % in seston in oxygen super saturation at the
water surface and highest values (up to 26 %) at the oxic–suboxic redox
boundary. MeHg concentrations were highest in May and November when algal
biomass production was low and seston were dominated by zooplankton.
Biodilution of MeHg concentrations could not be observed in the months of the
highest algal biomass production; instead, MeHg and THg concentrations in
seston were comparatively high. During suboxic OM decomposition and with
decreasing redox potential (Mn and nitrate reduction), the concentration and
proportion of MeHg in seston strongly decreased (<0.5 %),
whereas total Hg concentrations show a 3.8- to 26-fold increase with water
depth. Here, it remains unclear to which extent biodilution on the one hand
and OM decomposition on the other alter the MeHg and THg concentration in
seston. Changes in OM quality were most intense within or slightly below the
redox transition zone (RTZ). The concentrations of MeHg and THg in seston
from the RTZ were comparable to those found in the sediment trap material
which integrated the changes in seston composition during the entire
sampling period, suggesting that changes in the MeHg and THg content in the
hypolimnion below the RTZ are comparatively small. Our study suggests that,
in shallow eutrophic lakes, the water phase formation and decomposition of
MeHg is intense and controlled by the decomposition of algal biomass and is,
assumedly, largely disconnected from Hg methylation in sediments, similar to
what has been observed in deep oligotrophic lakes.
First Measurements of the Nitrogen Stable Isotope Composition (δ15N) of Ship-emitted NOx
Authors: Sun Zeyu , Zong Zheng , Tan Yang , Tian Chongguo , Liu Zeyu , Zhang Fan , Sun Rong , Chen Yingjun , Li Jun , Zhang Gan
Published: April 2023

Abstract. The nitrogen stable isotope composition (δ15N) of nitrogen oxides (NOx) is a powerful indicator for source apportionment of atmospheric NOx; however, δ15N–NOx values emitted from ships have not been reported, affecting the accuracy of source partitioning of atmospheric NOx in coastal zones with a lot of ocean vessel activity. This study systemically analyzed the δ15N–NOx variability and main influencing factors of ship emissions. Results showed that δ15N–NOx values from ships ranged from −35.8 ‰ to 2.04 ‰ with a mean ± standard deviation of −18.5 ± 10.9 ‰. The δ15N–NOx values increased monotonically with the ongoing tightening of emission regulations, presenting a significantly negative logarithmic relationship with NOx concentrations (p < 0.01). The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system was the most important factor affecting changes in δ15N–NOx values, compared with fuel types and operation states of ships. Based on the relationship between δ15N–NOx values and emission regulations observed in this investigation, the temporal variation in δ15N–NOx values from ship emissions in the international merchant fleet was evaluated by developing a mass-weighted model. These simulated δ15N–NOx values can be used to select suitable δ15N–NOx values for a more accurate assessment of the contribution of ship-emitted exhaust to atmospheric NOx.
The future of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation: using large ensembles to illuminate time-varying responses and inter-model differences
Authors: Maher Nicola , Wills Robert C. Jnglin , DiNezio Pedro , Klavans Jeremy , Milinski Sebastian , Sanchez Sara C. , Stevenson Samantha , Stuecker Malte F. , Wu Xian
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Future changes in the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are uncertain, both because future projections differ between climate models and because the large internal variability of ENSO clouds the diagnosis of forced changes in observations and individual climate model simulations. By leveraging 14 single model initial-condition large ensembles (SMILEs), we robustly isolate the time-evolving response of ENSO sea surface temperature (SST) variability to anthropogenic forcing from internal variability in each SMILE. We find nonlinear changes in time in many models and considerable inter-model differences in projected changes in ENSO and the mean-state tropical Pacific zonal SST gradient. We demonstrate a linear relationship between the change in ENSO SST variability and the tropical Pacific zonal SST gradient, although forced changes in the tropical Pacific SST gradient often occur later in the 21st century than changes in ENSO SST variability, which can lead to departures from the linear relationship. Single-forcing SMILEs show a potential contribution of anthropogenic forcing (aerosols and greenhouse gases) to historical changes in ENSO SST variability, while the observed historical strengthening of the tropical Pacific SST gradient sits on the edge of the model spread for those models for which single-forcing SMILEs are available. Our results highlight the value of SMILEs for investigating time-dependent forced responses and inter-model differences in ENSO projections. The nonlinear changes in ENSO SST variability found in many models demonstrate the importance of characterizing this time-dependent behavior, as it implies that ENSO impacts may vary dramatically throughout the 21st century.
Deconstruction of tropospheric chemical reactivity using aircraft measurements: the ATom data
Authors: Prather Michael J. , Guo Hao , Zhu Xin
Published: April 2023

Abstract. The NASA Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) Mission completed four seasonal deployments (August 2016, February 2017, October 2017, May 2018), each with regular 0.2–12 km profiling through transecting the remote Pacific and Atlantic Ocean basins. Additional data are acquired also for the Southern Ocean and Artic basin, as well as two flights over Antarctica. ATom in situ measurements provide a near-complete chemical characterization of the ~140,000 10-second (80 m by 2 km) air parcels measured along the flight path. This paper presents the Modeling Data Stream (MDS), a continuous gap-filled record of the 10-s parcels containing the chemical species needed to initialize a gas-phase chemistry model for the budgets of tropospheric ozone and methane. Global 3D models have been used to calculate the Reactivity Data Stream (RDS), which is comprised of the chemical reactivities (production and loss) for methane, ozone, and carbon monoxide, through 24-hour integration of the 10-s parcels. These parcels accurately sample tropospheric heterogeneity and allow us to partially deconstruct the spatial scales and variability that defines tropospheric chemistry from composition to reactions. This paper provides a first look and analysis of the up-to-date MDS and RDS data including all four deployments (Prather et al., 2023, https://doi.org/10.7280/D1B12H). ATom's regular profiling of the ocean basins allows for weighted averages to build probability densities for key species and reactivities presented here. These statistics provide climatological metrics for global chemistry models, for example, the large-scale pattern of ozone and methane loss in the lower troposphere, and the more sporadic hot spots of ozone production in the upper troposphere. The profiling curtains of reactivity also identify meteorologically variable and hence deployment-specific hot spots of photochemical activity. Added calculations of the sensitivities of the production and loss terms relative to each species emphasize the few dominant species that control the ozone and methane budgets, and whose statistical patterns should be key model-measurement metrics. From the sensitivities, we also derive linearized lifetimes of ozone and methane on a parcel-by-parcel basis and average over the basins, providing an observational basis for these previously model-only diagnostics. We had found that most model differences in the ozone and methane budgets are caused by the models calculating different climatologies for the key species such as O3, CO, H2O, NOx, CH4 plus T, and thus these ATom measurements provide a substantial contribution to the understanding of model differences and even identifying model errors in global tropospheric chemistry.
Reconstruction of hourly coastal water levels and counterfactuals without sea level rise for impact attribution
Authors: Treu Simon , Muis Sanne , Dangendorf Sönke , Wahl Thomas , Oelsmann Julius , Heinicke Stefanie , Frieler Katja , Mengel Matthias
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Rising seas are a threat for human and natural systems along coastlines. The relation between global warming and sea-level rise is established, but the quantification of impacts of historical sea-level rise on a global scale is largely absent. To foster such quantification, we here present a reconstruction of historical hourly (1979–2015) and monthly (1900–2015) coastal water levels and a corresponding counterfactual without long-term trends in sea level. The dataset pair allows for impact attribution studies that quantify the contribution of sea level rise to observed changes in coastal systems following the definition of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Impacts are ultimately caused by water levels that are relative to the local land height, which makes the inclusion of vertical land motion a necessary step. Also, many impacts are driven by sub-daily extreme water levels. To capture these aspects, the factual data combines reconstructed geocentric sea level on a monthly time scale since 1900, vertical land motion since 1900 and hourly storm-tide variations since 1979. The inclusion of observation-based vertical land motion brings the trends of the combined dataset closer to tide gauge records in most cases, but outliers remain. Daily maximum water levels get in closer agreement with tide gauges through the inclusion of intra-annual ocean density variations. The counterfactual data is derived from the factual data through subtraction of the quadratic trend. The dataset is made available openly through the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP).
Development of an expendable current profiler based on modulation and demodulation
Authors: Zhou Keyu , Zhang Qisheng , Chen Guangyuan , Lin Zucan , Liu Yunliang , Li Pengyu
Published: April 2023

Abstract. We designed a low-cost expandable current profiler (XCP) including software and hardware. An XCP is an observation instrument that rapidly measures currents based on the principle that currents cut the geomagnetic field to induce electric fields. The cost of an XCP must be reduced because it is a single-use device. The digitization of the previously developed XCP is carried out underwater, which requires the probe to contain not only analogue circuits for acquiring signals but also digital circuits and digital chips, which are relatively expensive. In this study, an XCP was developed that adopts signal modulation and demodulation to transmit analogue signals on an enamelled wire, and the signal digitization occurs above the surface of the water. The cost of the instrument was effectively reduced by half while maintaining its ability to measure parameters such as sea current and temperature in real time. After comparison with data processed from laboratory tests, the acquisition circuit showed an accuracy within 0.1 % and the XCP analogue circuit developed for the overall system was stable and reliable. The system exhibited an acquisition accuracy higher than 50 nV for 16 Hz, and the quality of the acquired signal satisfied the requirements for an XCP
instrument.
Diagnosing modeling errors in global terrestrial water storage interannual variability
Authors: Lee Hoontaek , Jung Martin , Carvalhais Nuno , Trautmann Tina , Kraft Basil , Reichstein Markus , Forkel Matthias , Koirala Sujan
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Terrestrial water storage (TWS) is an integrative hydrological state that is key for our understanding of the global water cycle. The TWS observation from the GRACE missions has, therefore, been instrumental in the calibration and validation of hydrological models and understanding the variations in the hydrological storage. The models, however, still show significant uncertainties in reproducing observed TWS variations, especially for the interannual variability (IAV) at the global scale. Here, we diagnose the regions dominating the variance in globally integrated TWS IAV and the sources of the errors in two data-driven hydrological models that were calibrated against global TWS, snow water equivalent, evapotranspiration, and runoff data. We used (1) a parsimonious process-based hydrological model, the Strategies to INtegrate Data and BiogeochemicAl moDels (SINDBAD) framework and (2) a machine learning, physically based hybrid hydrological model (H2M) that combines a dynamic neural network with a water balance concept. While both models agree with the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) that global TWS IAV is largely driven by the semi-arid regions of southern Africa, the Indian subcontinent and northern Australia, and the humid regions of northern South America and the Mekong River basin, the models still show errors such as the overestimation of the observed magnitude of TWS IAV at the global scale. Our analysis identifies modeling error hotspots of the global TWS IAV, mostly in the tropical regions including the Amazon, sub-Saharan regions, and Southeast Asia, indicating that the regions that dominate global TWS IAV are not necessarily the same as those that dominate the error in global TWS IAV. Excluding those error hotspot regions in the global integration yields large improvements in the simulated global TWS IAV, which implies that model improvements can focus on improving processes in these hotspot regions. Further analysis indicates that error hotspot regions are associated with lateral flow dynamics, including both sub-pixel moisture convergence and across-pixel lateral river flow, or with interactions between surface processes and groundwater. The association of model deficiencies with land processes that delay the TWS variation could, in part, explain why the models cannot represent the observed lagged response of TWS IAV to precipitation IAV in hotspot regions that manifest as errors in global TWS IAV. Our approach presents a general avenue to better diagnose model simulation errors for global data streams to guide efficient and focused model development for regions and processes that matter the most.
Modelling and correcting the impact of RF pulses for continuous monitoring of hyperpolarized NMR
Authors: von Witte Gevin , Ernst Matthias , Kozerke Sebastian
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Monitoring the build-up or decay of hyperpolarization in nuclear magnetic resonance requires radio-frequency (RF) pulses to generate observable nuclear magnetization. However, the pulses also lead to a depletion of the polarization and, thus, alter the spin dynamics. To simulate the effects of RF pulses on the polarization build-up and decay, we propose a first-order rate-equation model describing the dynamics of the hyperpolarization process through a single source and a relaxation term. The model offers a direct interpretation of the measured steady-state polarization and build-up time constant. Furthermore, the rate-equation model is used to study three different methods to correct for the errors introduced by RF pulses: (i) a 1/ cosn θ correction, which is only applicable to decays, (ii) an analytic formula to correct for the build-up and decay times and (iii) a newly proposed iterative, self-consistent correction. The corrections are first tested in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) simulations (SNR around 40 for 2.5° pulses), predicting accurate results (±10 % error) up to 25° pulses. The correction methods are then tested on experimental data obtained with dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) using 4-oxo-TEMPO in 1H glassy matrices, resulting in high SNR acquisitions (around 1000 for 2.4° pulses). It is experimentally demonstrated that the rate-equation model allows to obtain build-up times and steady-state polarization (enhancement) even for large RF flip angles (25°) during build-up yielding results within ±10 % error when compared to data acquired with small RF flip angles (< 3°). For decay experiments, corrections are shown to be accurate for up to 12° RF flip angles with discrepancies to the simulations attributed to the low experimental acquisition SNR. In conclusion, corrections based on a rate-equation description offer fast and accurate estimations of achievable polarization levels and build-up time constants in hyperpolarization experiments for a wide range of samples.
A simple diagnostic based on sea surface height with an application to central Pacific ENSO
Authors: Lai Jufen , Greatbatch Richard J. , Claus Martin
Published: April 2023

Abstract. We use output from a freely running NEMO model simulation for the equatorial Pacific to investigate the utility of linearly removing the local influence of vertical displacements of the thermocline from variations in sea surface height. We show that the resulting time series of residual sea surface height, denoted ηnlti, measures variations in near-surface heat content that are independent of the local vertical displacement of the thermocline and can arise from horizontal advection, surface heat flux, and diapycnal mixing processes. We find that the variance of ηnlti and its correlation with sea surface temperature are focused on the Niño4 region. Furthermore, ηnlti averaged over the Niño4 region is highly correlated with indices of central Pacific El Niño–Southern Oscillation (CP ENSO), and its variance in 21-year running windows shows a strong upward trend over the past 50 years, corresponding to the emergence of CP ENSO following the 1976/77 climate shift. We show that ηnlti can be estimated from observations, using satellite altimeter data and a linear multi-mode model. The time series of ηnlti, especially when estimated using the linear model, show pronounced westward propagation in the western equatorial Pacific, arguing for an important role for zonal advective feedback in the dynamics of CP ENSO, in particular for cold events. We also present evidence that the role of the thermocline displacement in influencing sea surface height increased strongly after 2000 in the eastern part of the Niño4 region, at a time when CP ENSO was particularly active. Finally, the diagnostic is easy to compute and can be easily applied to mooring data or coupled climate models.
Síndrome urémico hemolítico del adulto
Authors: Viciconte Micaela , Fernández Otero Lucas
Published: April 2023

El síndrome urémico hemolítico (SUH), descripto en 1955, se caracteriza por la tríada de anemia hemolítica no inmunomediada, trombocitopenia y lesión renal aguda. En su patogenia interviene la toxina Shiga, producida con mayor frecuencia por E. coli O157:H. 
Puede manifestarse a cualquier edad, aunque es infrecuente en adultos, y se desarrolla en forma esporádica o en brote. Se presenta con un cuadro de dolor abdominal, diarrea, fiebre y vómitos. Puede afectar el sistema nervioso central, pulmones, páncreas y corazón.  
En adultos, el síndrome evoluciona tras un período de incubación de 1 semana posterior a la diarrea y tiene alta morbimortalidad, a diferencia de los casos pediátricos. 
Presentamos el caso de una paciente adulta, que cursó internación por síndrome urémico hemolítico. Fue conducido de acuerdo con los lineamientos asentados por la Declaración modificada de Helsinki.
Investigación evaluativa sobre aspectos de la literatura en profesorado en formación
Authors: Encabo Fernández Eduardo , Hernández Delgado Lourdes , Jerez Martínez Isabel , Albarracín Vivo Domingo
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCCIÓN: en esta contribución queremos conocer, a través de una investigación diagnóstica, el concepto que de la literatura han ido forjando estudiantes del Grado de maestro de la Universidad de Murcia. El propósito del artículo es mostrar una visión del concepto mediante distintas dimensiones aportadas por los futuros mediadores. MÉTODO: Los participantes fueron cien alumnos y alumnas del Grado en Educación Primaria, correspondientes a los dos primeros cursos de dicha titulación. Mediante las respuestas de estos estudiantes a una entrevista de tipología abierta, se recabó información relacionada con tres grandes bloques temáticos: concepto de literatura, consideración y motivos lectores; relaciones literatura, cine y cultura; futuro de la literatura. RESULTADOS: los resultados nos permiten apreciar una paradoja que atiende a la influencia del sistema educativo y de la sociedad. Si bien los estudiantes consideran la literatura como un arte y reconocen que su periplo lector ha estado asociado a los motivos escolares, su relación con la literatura se reduce a periodos vacacionales o franjas específicas como la nocturna. DISCUSIÓN: además, su inclinación por versiones audiovisuales de los libros es elevada, repercutiendo este hecho en su visión futura del cambio del concepto de literatura, bien por causa de las transformaciones culturales o por las tecnologías. Por último, hay que destacar el reconocimiento por parte de los encuestados de los beneficios de la lectura, no correspondiendo estas respuestas con su nivel de actividad lectora.
Influencia del engagement académico en la actitud hacia la ciencia en estudiantes de educación secundaria de las Islas Canarias
Authors: Marrero-Galván Juan José
Published: April 2023

La finalidad de este estudio es evaluar la relación entre el engagement académico con la actitud hacia la ciencia de los estudiantes de educación secundaria obligatoria. A través de un estudio ex post facto, fueron encuestados 446 estudiantes mediante cuestionarios internacionalmente validados y se realizaron comparaciones por sexo y curso. Los análisis descriptivos y de contraste indicaron una actitud hacia la ciencia y del compromiso académico más alto por parte de las mujeres. Los resultados de la prueba de Rho de Spearman entre estas variables (rs=.322; p<.001), permitieron concluir una correlación estadísticamente significativa, de tamaño de efecto débil, pero con una incidencia mayor en comparación con otros factores, como la repetición de curso o las dificultades en el proceso formativo. Así mismo, las dimensiones en las que más influye son la adopción de actitudes científicas y el disfrute de las clases de ciencias.
¿De dónde está recibiendo la información sobre el cambio climático el alumnado escolar? Una aproximación desde las Ciencias Sociales
Authors: Morote Seguido Álvaro Francisco
Published: April 2023

Uno de los contenidos que mayor protagonismo está teniendo en la actualidad en el ámbito educativo es el cambio climático dadas sus implicaciones en la concienciación y formación de la sociedad presente y futura. Los objetivos de esta investigación, para el caso de estudio del alumnado escolar (Educación Primaria, Secundaria y Bachillerato) de la región valenciana (España) son analizar los principales medios desde donde estos estudiantes reciben la información sobre el cambio climático y reconocer las causas y consecuencias que identifican sobre este fenómeno. A partir de 575 alumnos encuestados durante el curso 2020-2021, los resultados indican que los tres principales medios de información son los digitales (TV, redes sociales, Internet). El 82.8% ha afirmado que recibe la información de la TV, el 49.5% de las redes sociales, y el 40.4% de Internet. En cuanto a las causas del fenómeno destaca la “contaminación” (70.1%) y como efectos, el aumento y cambios de la temperatura (61.7%). Como conclusión cabe destacar el papel que juega la escuela en la formación de la sociedad del futuro y el riesgo que supone el aumento de la información procedente de los medios digitales conforme se avanza en la etapa escolar por el peligro de la “desinformación” y las fake news.
Desafíos del transhumanismo en la educación del siglo XXI: el alma de la democracia contra las cuerdas
Authors: Castillo Paloma
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCCIÓN. El ferviente desarrollo científico y tecnológico actual necesita ser gobernado por los valores humanos. Los discursos pedagógicos y transhumanistas responden conjuntamente a este propósito, ante una sociedad que peligra tanto del abuso del progreso como de la renuncia al mismo. Sin embargo, entre los desafíos del transhumanismo se encuentran las posibilidades de modificar la condición más genuina de la humanidad. Los anhelos más profundos y los logros más importantes requieren de un controvertido acto de discernimiento presente en cada esquina de la actualidad educativa. MÉTODO. Se ha utilizado una metodología hermenéutica-reflexiva para llevar a cabo un análisis exploratorio de las principales implicaciones del transhumanismo, como movimiento intelectual y cultural, en la educación del siglo XXI. RESULTADOS. A la luz de lo estudiado se distinguen tres ejes: tiempo, capacidad y libertad. Vivimos bajo parámetros de instantaneidad, fluidez y rendimiento acelerado, pero abogamos por la lentitud para el florecimiento humano; anhelamos la consagración de la inteligencia, pero tememos perder lo que nos hace singulares; auguramos el fin de nuestros límites, pero nos arriesgamos a encadenar nuestra libertad. DISCUSIÓN. La discusión resultante gira en torno a la crisis de la postmodernidad y al profundo escepticismo que emerge sobre uno de los fines de la educación: nuestra propia razón de ser; el alma de la democracia.
El papel de la autoeficacia y el engagement académico en la percepción de empleabilidad del alumnado universitario de Educación y Psicología
Authors: García Carrera Paula , García Segura Sonia , Falla Daniel
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCCIÓN. Diversos estudios alientan que la percepción de empleabilidad de los futuros titulados universitarios resulta fundamental para su posterior inserción al mundo laboral. Así, algunos trabajos se han focalizado en conocer las variables cognitivas y motivacionales y el papel que desempeñan en esta percepción. Sin embargo, no se ha explorado si la autoeficacia puede tener un efecto sobre el engagement o compromiso académico y este a su vez sobre la percepción de empleabilidad en el alumnado universitario de Educación y Psicología, siendo este el objeto de estudio del presente trabajo. MÉTODO. Un total de 535 estudiantes (84.1% mujeres) entre 19 y 51 años (M = 22.02; DT = 3.39) de los últimos cursos de 3º (42.8%) y 4º (57.2%), pertenecientes a cuatro titulaciones diferentes fueron encuestados mediante el uso de cuestionarios. Los análisis incluyeron la prueba t de Student, correlaciones bivariadas y el análisis de mediación con la macro PROCESS. RESULTADOS. Los resultados mostraron que la percepción de empleabilidad del alumnado se veía influida por la autoeficacia con la que perciben los y las estudiantes universitarios su adecuación, eficiencia y competencia a nivel académico. El engagement académico medió en los efectos de la autoeficacia sobre la percepción de empleabilidad, de modo que el incremento de la autoeficacia aumenta el engagement académico y este a su vez incrementa los niveles de empleabilidad. DISCUSIÓN. Se discute la necesidad de potenciar la motivación, la autonomía, la autoeficacia y la confianza del alumnado, con el objetivo de clarificar sus objetivos, metas y aspiraciones y capacitarlos para su inserción al mercado laboral y para el éxito en su desempeño profesional.
Uso de las TIC durante el confinamiento por COVID-19 y nivel de conexión del alumnado en Educación Física
Authors: Fuentes Nieto Teresa , Jiménez Herranz Borja , López-Pastor Víctor Manuel , Fernández Garcimartín Carla
Published: April 2023

La situación producida por la pandemia COVID-19 hizo que el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) adquiriera una importancia relevante dentro del sistema educativo en general y del área de Educación Física (EF) en particular. En este estudio se pretende analizar: (1) las aplicaciones informáticas más utilizadas por el profesorado de EF; (2) las variables que han influido en su mayor o menor uso; y (3) el número de estudiantes conectados antes y después de Semana Santa y el efecto de la brecha digital.
Se lleva a cabo un diseño descriptivo y exploratorio cuantitativo. Se aplicó un cuestionario on-line diseñado ad hoc y validado previamente, a una muestra de 526 docentes de EF y se realizaron diferentes análisis estadísticos. Los resultados muestran que el profesorado ha utilizado una amplia variedad de aplicaciones informáticas en esta situación, con un mayor uso del e-mail institucional, almacenamiento en nube y procesadores de texto, así como el paquete de herramientas Office 365. Se analiza la influencia de diferentes variables en el uso de las TIC, encontrando pocas diferencias significativas, salvo en la evaluación. Por último, se comprueba que se incrementó significativamente el número de alumnado conectado después de las vacaciones de Semana Santa, y que sí existe una brecha digital, aumentando la conectividad en función del nivel sociocultural de las familias. Se concluye que el confinamiento por Covid-19 ha afectado poderosamente al uso de las TIC por el profesorado de EF y que sería interesante realizar más investigación sobre sus efectos en los cursos siguientes y en la formación del profesorado.