bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of The Government in The Recognition of Customary Rights to Achieve Economic Development of Customary Law Communities
Authors: Wulansari RR. Catharina Dewi , APHA Journal Manager
Published: October 2020

Every State wants a condition in which the people have a prominent level of welfare and prosperity, because that condition can reflect how a state has been successful in carrying out its development. The existence of development that can lead to prominent level of welfare and prosperity, certainly, shows the success of a state in achieving the state's goals. But in practice it is often found that the people of a state do not have a prominent level of welfare and prosperity due to the unprotected rights of the people. The lack protection rights of the people are one form of social problems; which of course requires a very fast handling. Therefore, in general, every state tries, so that the protection rights of the people can be fulfilled. Similarly, for the state of Indonesia, the protection of communal customderived land rights (ulayat rights) of indigenous peoples is one of the tasks that must be fulfilled by the government. The effort is not easy; therefore, needs a thorough study to overcome the problem. The method used in this research is a normative juridical method. The results of the study, indicate the role of government in regulating the recognition forms of the rights of indigenous peoples, especially, communal custom-derived land rights of indigenous people. In addition, there are various substances of legislation that must be regulated in order to recognize communal custom-derived land rights of indigenous people such as how to recognize indigenous peoples, their recognition procedures, indigenous peoples' obligations, and dispute resolution mechanisms. Finally, regulation about recognition of indigenous peoples is expected to have an impact on the economic development of indigenous peoples itself.
INVESTIGATION OF MERCURY AND TITANIUM CONTENTS IN SKIN WHITENING CREAMS COMMONLY USED IN YEMEN BY ICP-MS
Authors: Saleh Shaif Mohamed Kasem , Abdul Ghani Omeima A. , Amro Abdulaziz N. , Alraddadi Thamer S.
Published: October 2020

In this study, ten (10) samples of skin-whitening creams were analyzed for determination of mercury and titanium. The samples were collected from various retail shops, pharmacies and beauty aid stores in the local market of Yemen. Levels of mercury and titanium in creams were determined using Inductive Coupled Plasma with Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The concentration of mercury in the creams ranged from below 0.0167 to 47151 μg/g and that of titanium ranged from below 0.0083 to 59.442 μg/g. Fifty percent (50%) of creams samples for mercury had concentrations more than Maximum Permissible Limits by specifications of the US Food and Drug Administration’s, (USFDA), German and Canada (Maximum Acceptable Limit of 1μg/g). The use of such creams may lead to health hazards. Therefore, it is recommended that all skin whitening creams should be checked for mercury levels and other toxic metals before marketing. Further research to better understand the sources of mercury and other toxic metals in whitening creams and other cosmetic products is recommended.
Management of muscle trigger points causing subacromial pain using dry needling technique — a case report
Authors: Muhammad Asbar Javed  , Sumayya Saleem  , Muhammad Kumail Hassan Raza
Published: October 2020

Abstract

We present a case of a 22-year-old university sportsman who presented at a private hospital in Lahore in December 2018 with complaint of severe pain in the anterolateral aspect of the right shoulder after playing cricket. On palpation, greater tubercle of the right shoulder was found to be tender along with the muscle belly of supraspinatus. A muscle trigger point was identified during palpation, while painful arc was also present on abduction. Physical tests, including Hawkins-Kennedy, Neers sign and empty can test, were found to be positive. The musculoskeletal ultrasound revealed that supraspinatus and bicep tendons were intact. The patient was managed by dry needling technique. The novelty of this clinical trial was the application of trigger point dry needling for the management of subacromial pain syndrome. Muscle trigger point symptoms can present as rotator cuff tears, supraspinatus tendonitis and bicipital tendonitis leading to misdiagnosis. Continuous...
Investigation of the Watercourses and measures to alleviate flooding in the Penal/ Debe Region
Authors: Sangster Nadine , Bisnath Jorrel , Maharajh Aatma , Sammy Allen
Published: October 2020

Flooding is a major concern for Small Island Developing States, particularly in the Caribbean region due to the tropical climate. The islands of Trinidad and Tobago, frequently experience severe weather conditions and of recent experience perennial flooding. Within the last three years, within Trinidad, the Penal / Debe region (PDR) has been affected by severe flooding, particularly in the year 2017 after Tropical Storm Bret, affecting the South Oropouche River Basin and so this region was chosen for this work. For this study, ten areas within the region were selected and a mix method comprising of both qualitative and quantitative research methods were utilized to gather data. It was found that businesses have incurred losses that amount up to TT$750,000.00 while domestic residents have lost over TT$60,000.00 worth of property during the incidents of flooding. The attributing factors for the flooding were determined as include the increased rainfall during the wet season coupled with the high tides and the sea level rise and watercourses within the area being clogged due to improper dredging and maintenance. The recommendations for alleviation of the flooding included a plan which looked at an education and awareness programme, dredging of the watercourses, the implementation of new water catchments, re-vegetation of damaged areas, the implementation of technology to improve monitoring and response and legislation to encourage best practices. Costings were performed for the various recommendations to allow for the region to make appropriate decisions regarding implementation.
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ANALYSIS OF TELECOM TOWER USING INDIA AND AMERICAN STANDARDS
Authors: Tanuku Srinivas , Rao K. Rama Mohana , Rangarao B. Pandu
Published: October 2020

Self-supporting lattice tower are being effective structural system by considering simple, light weight, easy fabrication and installation for supporting telecom equipment at elevated heights. With increase in demand of lattice towers, a critical review on approach for analysis is highly essential to ensure reliable and safe structures. In this paper, a comparative study is taken up on methodologies followed in both national standards (India, America) for assessment of wind loads on bare tower, linear accessories, discrete accessories along with design resistance of members and connections for Two different configurations – Square angular tower, Triangular Hybrid Tower. From the detailed analysis, it is concluded that, American standard (ANSI/TIA-222H) is using Ultimate windspeed for calculation of wind loads based on risk category of structure along with strength reduction factors based on criticality of components compared to Indian Standards (IS 875(Part 3)-2015, IS 802) which resulted lesser wind load on structure i.e., 30% in Square Tower (Oblique wind direction) and 23% in Triangular Hybrid Tower using ANSI/TIA-222H. Also, no major difference observed for calculation of member capacity and connection. Therefore, it is concluded that Tower weights approximately reduces by 10-15% based on Tower configuration using ANSI/TIA-222H compared to Indian Standards
THE UNDERWATER TRAJECTORY BEHAVIOUR OF HEAVY OIL JET IN CROSS-FLOW FROM A BROKEN SURFACE PIPELINE
Authors: Felix Portia
Published: October 2020

Oil spill occurrences continue to raise varying questions and concerns about their impact on and behaviour in the marine environment as they have the potential to cause unfavourable environmental, economic and social impacts. Understanding the behaviour of oil interactions with the ocean and nearby coastal environments is crucial in maintaining a reasonable relationship between relevant stakeholders. For this purpose, oil spill numerical models are useful for predicting the movement and distribution of oil in any receiving marine environment. As a first attempt, this paper presents a very crude oil plume model to simulate the underwater behaviour of a heavy crude oil which originates from an injection point source protruding the water surface discharging heavy oil into a receiving water body of shallow water depth. Most of the existing surface oil spill models do not cater for spills that initially behave as a jet at the water surface which is an essential feature of this hypothetical oil spill scenario. The study sets a specific focus on simulating the underwater suspension and horizontal movement of an oil plume originating from a spill initially behaving as a positively buoyant jet. The model is based on a two-dimensional modified form of the classical Navier-Stokes equations and discretized using the Projection method. The model is applied in a rectangular domain with suitable boundary conditions and parameterizations to observe the underwater oil trajectory behaviour. The model is verified using a benchmark fluid flow problem and its results show reasonable relationship of specific gravity with depth. The ultimate contribution of the study can provide insights necessary for oil spill cleanup decisions as oil behaviour of this nature may pollute the underlying water.
The risk of developing non-carcinogenic effects in children in industrial city
in multicompartment contamination with chemical pollutants
Authors: Сетко Андрей Геннадьевич , Мрясова Ж.К. K. , Терехова Е.А. A. , Тюрин А.В. V.
Published: October 2020

Introduction. Environmental factors can cause a gain in prevalence of a significant number of diseases in the population. The effect of various components on the body of children and adolescents becomes especially relevant on the territory of an industrial city, due to its increased sensitivity to adverse effects in connection with the ongoing processes of both growth and development. The article presents the results of an assessment of the non-carcinogenic risk to the health of the children living in the industrial city of Orenburg. Material and methods. The results of laboratory studies of atmospheric air, water from centralized sources of water supply and food products as sources of potential health risks for children living in the city of Orenburg were evaluated. Hygienic and statistical research methods were used. Results. In the industrial city, the priority media that form a high risk of developing non-carcinogenic effects were found to be contaminated food and drinking water, which create a high and very high non-carcinogenic risk for hormonal (up to HI = 13.8), cardiovascular (up to HI = 18.3), central nervous systems (up to HI = 8.3) in children and adolescents and effects on the blood (up to HI = 19.0) and kidneys (up to HI = 8.8), as well as atmospheric air when exposed to the respiratory system (HI = 7.2), which may be one of the reasons for the deviation in their state of health at the population level. Conclusion. The complex multicomponent impact of risk factors on children living in an industrial city is a well-studied problem, the relevance of which does not decrease. Modern concepts of risk assessment make it possible to identify priority environments and their contaminants, which, of course, makes management decisions more focused both at the population and individual levels. The priority media were established to be contaminated with drinking water and contaminated food products, which form a high non-carcinogenic risk for the hormonal, cardiovascular, central nervous systems of children and adolescents and the effect on blood in the long-term dynamics, which may be one of the causes of deviations in their state health at the population level.
Genotoxic properties of fluorines (review)
Authors: Калюжная Е.Э. E. , Просеков А.Ю. Yu. , Волобаев Валентин Павлович
Published: October 2020

Introduction. Consistency of fluoride excess in the human environment and professional contact with fluoride is an actual and underestimated problem. Fluoride ion is able to displace the hydroxyl group in calcium hydroxyapatites, forming stable crystals of mixed form of apatites, inducing bone pathology, fluorosis. Despite the high prevalence of fluorosis, there are only a few studies discussing the ability of fluoride ion to increase the level of genotoxic effects. At the same time, such studies are in high demand in connection with a direct correlation between genetic instability and the risk of carcinogenesis. Material and methods. A literature search was conducted according the following queries: “fluoride, fluoride ion, fluorides, DNA damage, genetic damage, genotoxicity.” The search was conducted on the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and Google Scholar for various articles (all publications until June 2018). All publications were analyzed and included in this review. Results.The present review examines the results of studies aimed at investigation of the ability of fluoride to induce DNA damage, published since the 50-s of 20th century to the present. The analyse of data about genotoxic and mutagenic properties of fluorine observed in In vitro and In vivo studies is provided. It is summarized that at concentrations of sodium fluoride in drinking water of more than 1 mM, fluoride ion has the ability to induce DNA damage and increase the frequency of clastogenic effects in humans and large monkeys. At the same time, for a significant increase in genotoxic effects in rodents, large concentrations of fluorides are required. The main hypotheses about the mechanisms of the fluoride genotoxic properties are described. Conclusion. Considering results published nowadays, it can be noted that fluoride ion obviously showes a number of genotoxic features and can have mutagenic properties in case of chronic and direct contact with cellular objects. It remains questionable issue about genotoxic risk accompanied human contact with fluoride compounds.
Modern world distribution of bed bugs
Authors: Рославцева Светлана Александровна
Published: October 2020

Data on the increase in the number of bed bugs (Heteroptera: Cimicidae) at the end of the XX century and the beginning of the XXI century in the highly developmental countries of Europe, America and Australia and the reasons for this phenomenon are given. In this review, the hygienic and epidemiological significance of bed bugs discussed. In the organism of bed bugs, such there were found 25 pathogens including bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminthes, 5 of these pathogenic microorganisms can multiply in bed bugs. The interest on the hepatitis B virus and the possibility of human infection with this virus by inhalation is shown. Attention is paid to the appearance of tropical bed bug in Russia, particularly in the big cities (St. Petersburg, Moscow, Smolensk).
Assess of contamination of the snow cover for detecting the zones of inhalation chemical risk
Authors: Журба Ольга Михайловна , Ефимова Н. В. , Ханхареев С. С. , Алексеенко А. Н. , Меринов А. В. , Мадеева Е. В. , Моторов В. Р.
Published: October 2020

Introduction. On the territory with a resistant snow cover, atmospheric pollution accumulates over several months; solid precipitation in the form of snow is an indicator object for assessing the state of the urban environment. Materials and methods. The sampling of snow was carried out on trial plots close to the monitoring points of atmospheric air and reflecting the influence of various stationary and mobile sources of pollution. The methods of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the atomic absorption spectrometry were used. Results. The results were obtained on the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals in snow cover to identify risk zones in the city of Ulan-Ude of the Republic of Buryatiya. The widest range of metals is recorded at points located near a major traffic interchange and in a residential area near the low-rise buildings of the private sector. The determined PAHs in large quantities were established to be contained in the solid sediment of snow samples. Discussion. Snow cover is a depositing and transit component of the environment. Its study gives important information about the chemical state of industrial ecosystems. About 30 thousand tons of chemical impurities enter the air basin of Ulan-Ude from stationary sources per year. Emissions of the total amount of hydrocarbons averaged of 1,741.96 tons over the study period, soot - 822.41 tons, which is by tens and hundreds times higher than that of other toxic substances, therefore, the PAH content in snow samples is higher than that of heavy metals. Conclusion. The accumulation of chemicals of 13 priority PAHs, of which 60-80% of the total amount falls on 3-,4- nuclear counterparts (phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene) occurs in accumulating media. PAHs are associated with water-insoluble (solid phase) PAHs, which indicates to the unity of the main source of pollution (vehicle exhaust gases).
Sudden death from diseases of the circulatory system of employees of enterprises of the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors: Каримова Лилия Казымовна , Гимаева З. Ф. , Астрелина Т. Н. , Мулдашева Н. А. , Бакиров А. Б. , Ахмадуллина Г. Х.
Published: October 2020

Introduction. Over the past decade, in Russia and abroad, there has been a clear trend towards an increase in cases of sudden death in the workplace from the disease of the circulatory system. Material and methods. During the study, there were studied the databases of the State Labor Inspectorate in the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2014-2018, including accident investigation reports, information on a special assessment of working conditions, medical examinations, forensic medical examinations and other materials. Results. Diseases of the circulatory system (DSC) were the main cause of sudden death in the workplace in more than 90% of cases. The maximum number of cases of sudden due to DSC was recorded in the age group of 56-60 years. The overwhelming majority of the deceased cases were represented by working occupations - 82.8%, drivers of transport were in 13.7% of cases. The vast majority of deaths occurred in the morning (from 6 to 12) and daytime (from 12 to 18) hours. The working conditions of deceased DCS workers in most cases (59.8%) corresponded to the permissible class (class 2); under harmful conditions (subclass 3.1 - 3.3) 24.9% cases worked. Most often, some form of acute coronary heart disease (CHD) was mentioned as the immediate cause of death (64.0%). Among acute forms of coronary heart disease in medical documents in more than 50% of cases the code I 24.8 “Other forms of acute coronary heart disease” was established. “Acute myocardial infarction” was verified in 11.1% of cases and was the main cause of death in men. In the group “Cerebrovascular Diseases”, “Intracerebral hemorrhage” was most often diagnosed. Conclusion. The obtained results substantiate the need to develop measures to prevent sudden death in the workplace, aimed primarily at preventing the development, progression and early diagnosis of DSC.
Cardiovascular risk assessment of the population under adverse weather conditions
Authors: Tsallagova R. B. , Kopytenkova O. I. , Makoeva Fatima K. , Nanieva A. R.
Published: October 2020

Introduction. Climate change around the world determines the relevance of the study of its effects on the human health. Nowadays, due to the development of modern medical science, the methods of evidence-based analysis of negative impact of the environmental factors on the public health are being widely implemented into preventive medicine. Their use should make it possible to quantify the various risks with high confidence and to manage them effectively. Material and methods. The weather conditions of the territory of Vladikavkaz for a 15-years period (2001-2015) have been studied. On the basis of the data from the primary medical documentation of emergency medical care (EMC) for the same period, the health status of the adult population in the city has been studied. The impact of the meteorological elements under the study on the frequency of seeking EMC was estimated using the relative (RR) and population risks (Rpop) values. Results. For the city of Vladikavkaz (according to the medical classification of weather conditions), high air humidity is typical for 65% of the days in a year, low air velocity (less than 3 m/s) - 77% of the days in a year. Inter-day fluctuations in temperature and atmospheric air pressure, exceeding the optimal levels for the human body, are recorded more than in 30% of the days in a year. Discussion. The city of Vladikavkaz is characterized by windless, wet weather, with frequent inter-day fluctuations in temperature and atmospheric air pressure, which corresponds to the clinically irritating and acute types of weather. Conclusion. The calculations of the relative and the population risks of impact of meteorological changes on the developing of urgent cardiovascular conditions in the population of Vladikavkaz showed RR of combining two unfavourable weather factors to be of 1.081 (p <0.0001), and the Rpop increases by more than 3600 additional EMC calls due to cardiovascular pathology.
IMPACT OF BOARD STRUCTURE ON FIRM PERFORMANCE IN THE NIGERIAN MANUFACTURING SECTOR
Authors: Akinsokeji Rogers A.
Published: October 2020

In this study, the impact of board structure on firm performance is empirically examined using a large cross section of 50 manufacturing firms in Nigeria and the panel data estimation technique. Both the random and fixed effects methods are adopted to provide robust estimates from the pooled data for the firms over a ten-year period (2005-2014) and the estimations are performed using two measures of firm performance and three measures of board structure. The empirical results from the analysis show that board structure has a significant impact on performance of manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The main source of the impact is through board independence and faintly through board size. However, board composition seems to exert very little effect on firm performance for the sample in the study. Also, firm size is shown to be an essential factor in explaining the general behaviour of firm performance and the pattern of effect that board structure has on firm performance. The effect of size is observed by controlling for it in the performance estimations. The study shows that firm size tends to improve the effect of board structure on performance, apart from EPS. The optimization of board size and composition is desirable for performance especially in a setting like Nigeria with diverse firm characteristics.
MOBILE PAYMENTS AND MAJOR SHIFTS IN CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR
Authors: Chiriac Claudiu , Hurduzeu Gheorghe , Chiriac Andreea-Alexandra , Zavera Ioana-Coralia
Published: October 2020

Considering the fact that in China, in 2016 solely, the mobile payment volume was around $5 trillion – half of its gross domestic product, carried out through two main competitors – Alipay and Wechat Pay, it is becoming more and more clearer that companies will invest piles of money in order to process the payments of the millions of potential users. With banking industry shaken by the different modifications of rules and regulations and consumers addicted to latest gadgets, the tech companies may have the pole position in this race. Apple is charging each Apple Pay user with 0.15% per transaction which may not seem a lot, but taking into account that in 2015 iPhone users traded over $10.9 billion we can see why tech companies are eager to develop payment applications. In this paper are presented briefly the newest means of payment and how are those influenced or not by the mainstream legislation. The most important piece in the gear – end-user – has to keep up with all the novelties in this sector and, as consequence, some behavioral patterns occur. Those are presented further in the text altogether with some trends in financial services that may influence the mobile payments market as we know it.
BUSINESS CHARACTERISTICS, TAX ADMINISTRATION AND TAX COMPLIANCE BY SMES IN NIGERIA
Authors: Adegboye Abidemi C. , Alao-Owunna Ifeoluwa , Egharevba Monday I.
Published: October 2020

This study evaluates the relative impacts of tax administration and business characteristics on the tax compliance behaviour of small scale businesses in Nigeria. The role of tax education as an effective tax administration strategy is also considered. Results show that tax education stimulates small businesses tax compliance behaviour, a result that is robust for both business taxes and personal taxes. It is also found that overall tax administration system in Nigeria does not have significant impact on tax compliance among small businesses in Nigeria due to inefficiencies and corruption in the system. Business ownership structure, registration status, and management qualification/experience are all found to promote tax compliance by small businesses in Nigeria.
RESTRUCTURING OF LOANS – NECESSITY AND EFFECTS IN ROMANIAN BANKING ACTIVITY
Authors: Matei Ionela-Gabriela
Published: October 2020

Banks will use specific tools to develop and compare alternative scenarios to determine what the opportunities to restructure a loan are, and to identify the most appropriate bargaining levers. Restructuring activity involves early identification of the problem and empowering teams consisting of bank specialists to solve the magnitude of the existing intervention. After analysing the unfavourable situation of the customer they perform the necessary steps to implement and monitor the restructuring solution. Also, banks are following and evaluating the risks associated with the restructuring of loans to cover up or avoid the occurrence of effects that will degrade the good functioning of things. Customers should be informed about the restructuring process to see what kind of measures can be taken to improve their financial situation. They can solve their financial difficulties by changing the monthly payments and their business activities. The issues that affect the customers are the increased payment amounts and the time when those payments have to be made. In case of insolvency, the banks resort to the judicial reorganization of the clients' activity, in order to avoid enforcement or bankruptcy of the company, which will create negative repercussions on the functioning of the bank's financial system but also on the image created by this. This paper aims to analyse the implications of the restructuring of loans for banks and customers. The analysis has been conducted by using an econometric study based on annual data of banks active in Romania.
MEDICAL SERVICES - ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF SURGICAL WOUND INFECTIONS. A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Mihalache Patricia
Published: October 2020

Infections associated with the medical and the surgical acts are an important public health problem and quality of medical services, with certain economic implications. Losses from the health state budget are explained by prolonging hospitalization, staff costs, costs of antibiotics, medical tests, and investigations. The present study aims to highlight the importance of avoidable medical costs by reviewing comparative financial data from the national and international literature. The article presents the cost of surgical wound infections comparatively with specific financial data for states such as USA, Germany, UK, Austria, France, Australia and India. In Romania there is an incidence of hospital acquired infections between 1% -3% of cases solved. In the European Union, under the influence of legal provisions, the incidence of these infections is between 5% and 15%. Romania, as a Member State of the European Union, will have to comply with reporting requirements for this type of infection (according to the Decision 2119 /98/ EC) and will have to make legislative proposals for economic analyses on medical services and their quality. The case study represents an economic approach of a case of surgical wound infection in a public hospital in Sibiu County (Romania). In Romania there are no financial data available in this field, aspect which will give originality of this paper.
INFORMATION SOURCES SUPPORTING INNOVATION IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR: THE CASE OF KOSOVO
Authors: Kurteshi Rinor F.
Published: October 2020

This research looks at the main information sources supporting innovation in the public sector of Kosovo. This study is exploratory and a mixed methodology is used, while the findings are compared and contrasted with the current literature in the field of public sector innovation. Findings clearly indicate that visits to conferences, followed by ideas from management and examples of best practices by other governments were fundamental information sources supporting innovation in the public sector of Kosovo. Another important information source supporting innovation is the use of domestic sources of information and rarely information sources supporting innovation from events or organizations in European Union countries. Although, authors point out that gaining experience from public sector institutions in developed countries contributes in driving or supporting public sector innovation. In spite of that, public sector managers in Kosovo have failed to engage citizens or service users as information sources supporting innovation. The most recent literature provides evidence that citizens or service users knowledge and creativity is of paramount importance in enriching innovation. Henceforth, it is a prerequisite for public sector managers in Kosovo to be aware of the importance of co-creating and co-innovating with its service users. Conclusively, this study is a unique contribution to Kosovo's academics, administration practitioners and public policy makers.
Cancer in beluga whales from the St Lawrence Estuary, Quebec, Canada: A potential biomarker of environmental contaminatio
Authors: Martineau Daniel , Lair Stephanie , De Guise Sylvain , P. Liscomb Thomas , Beland Pierre
Published: October 2020

A population of approximately 500 white whales (Delphinapterus leui us) inhabits a short stretch of the St Lawrence Estuary which drains one of the most industrialised areas of the world. Over a 12-year period (1983-1994), 73 carcasses out of 175 beluga2 whales reported stranded on the St Lawrence Estuary shoreline have been examined. Of these 73 carcasses, 14(1 9<>;) were affected by 15 different malignant tumours (cancers), one animal being affected by two different types of cancer. Overall, 23 r/i of necropsied sexually mature animals were affected by cancer. Forty percent of the 35 cancer cases reported world-wide in cetaceans occurred in this population. The estimated annual incidence rate (AIR) of cancer in St Lawrence beluga whales, a minimum figure of 233/100,000 animals, is much higher than that reported for any other population of cetaceans, and is similar to that of man, and of hospitalised cats and cattle. More specifically, the AIR of small intestinal cancers in the studied population, a minimum figure of 83/100,000 animals, is much higher than that observed in man and all animals, except in sheep in certain parts of the world, where an environmental carcinogen is believed to be etiologically involved.
Practical guidelines for postmortem examination and tissue sampling of cetaceans for ecotoxicological purposes
Authors: Clausen B.
Published: October 2020

Postmortem examinations of marine mammals are undertaken for a number of reasons, inter alia: to determine the possible cause of death; to obtain evidence of diseases or pathological changes; and to collect tissue and other samples (e.g. blood and organs) for further research. The latter can provide material for laboratory studies for a variety of subjects including toxicology, immunology, virology, parasitology and histopathology. The collection of associated biological data such as sex, age, length and nutritional status from each specimen is an essential part of any postmortem examination. Without such data it is very difficult if not impossible to interpret the results of the aforementioned studies.
A note on concentrations of metals in cetaceans from southern Africa
Authors: Henry John
Published: October 2020

Concentrations of zinc, copper, cadmium, mercury and lead were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in samples of the brain, kidney , liver and muscle tissue from 178 individuals of 323 different cetacean species (4 right whales - Eubalaena australis, 2 pygmy right whales - Caperea marginara, 3 minke whales - Balaenoptera acutorostrata, 3 Bryde's whales - B. edeni, 1 humpback whale - Megaptera novaeangliae, 1 sperm whale - Physeter macrocephalus, 11 pygmy sperm whale - Kogia breviceps, 6 dwarf sperm whales - K. simus, 1 southern bottlenose whale - Hyperoodon planifrons, 1 Cuvier's beaked whale - Ziphius cavirostris, 9 Blainville's beaked whales - Mesoplodon densirostris, 5 strap-tooth whales - M. layardii, 2 True's beaked whales - M. mirus, 3 long-finned pilot whales - Globicephala me/as, 30 Risso's dolphins - Grampus griseus, 12 bottlenose dolphins - Tursiops truncatus, 5 striped dolphins - Stenella coeruleoalba, 1 pantropical spotted dolphin - S. attenuata, 1 hump-backed dolphin - Sousa chinensis, 21 dusky dolphins - Lagenorhynchus obscurus, 1 hourglass dolphin - L. cruciger, 12 Heaviside's dolphins - Cephalorhynchus heavisidii and 43 common dolphins - Delphinus delphis). All but the hourglass dolphin were strandings or animals taken incidental to fishing operations or under scientific permit in coastal waters of South Africa or Namibia. Highest concentrations of Zn, Cu and Hg were generally found in the liver and of Cd in the kidney. Comparisons of animals pre-and post puberty indicated accumulation of hepatic mercury in the pygmy sperm whale, Risso's dolphin, dusky dolphin and common dolphin. Loss of a metal (zinc) after puberty was only shown in the common dolphin. No individual analyses exceeded proposed (human) tolerance limits for hepatic mercury and hepatic or renal cadmium
Planning workshop to develop a programme to investigate pollutant cause-effect relationships in cetaceans
Authors: International Whaling Commission IWC
Published: October 2020

n/a
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls in New Zealand cetaceans
Authors: Jones Paul D. , Hannah Donald J. , Buckland Simon J. , Van Maanen Tania , V. Lea Ihem Scott , Dawson Stephen , Slooten Elisabeth , Van Helden Anton , Donoghue Michael
Published: October 2020

Limited information is available on the concentrations of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs) in cetaceans from the Southern Hemisphere. This paper presents data on blubber concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Hector's dolphins, dusky dolphins, southern right whale dolphins, blue whales, minke whales, Gray's beaked whales, Cuvier's beaked whales and pygmy right whales stranded in New Zealand. Both HAH concentrations and toxic equivalents (TEQs) are found to be higher in Hector's dolphins, a species with an inshore distribution, than in other odontocetes, which are more oceanic. Baleen whales, which are oceanic and feed at lower trophic levels, present the lowest levels of pollutants, with PCDD and PCDF concentrations usually below detection limits. The PCB profiles of the various species suggest that they are exposed to different PCB sources. Overall, HAH levels detected are lower than those reported for comparable species in the Northern Hemisphere. The relative abundance of low chlorinated PCB congeners in New Zealand cetaceans, as compared to those from northern waters, suggests that the origin of these compounds is mostly atmospheric deposition.
Summary of temporal trends in pollutant levels observed in marine mammals
Authors: Borrel Assumpción , J.H. Reijnders Petter
Published: October 2020

The present paper reviews reported time trends in concentrations and relative abundance of pollutants in marine mammals. Available information refers only to pinnipeds and cetaceans, mainly covers the period 1969-1988 and focuses on DDTs, PCBs and mercury. Although data are limited, there are indications that in the Canadian Arctic, mercury levels in marine mammals have increased in recent decades. By contrast, during the late 1970s and the 1980s, concentrations of DDTs and PCBs in marine mammals from highly polluted areas have tended to decrease. While this trend is likely lo continue for DDTs in the future, it is foreseen that until at least the first decades of the next century, PCB levels will stabilise as degradation is compensated by new inputs caused by the recycling of the fraction currently present in non-marine compartments.
Hacia una concepción integral de patrimonio: Una aproximación al concepto holístico del patrimonio en la educación formal en la República Dominicana
Authors: Pión Vizcaíno Ruth Carolina
Published: October 2020

La concepción de Patrimonio Cultural que se transmite en el Sistema Educativo formal incide en la noción y actitudes que desarrollará el estudiantado acerca del mismo. Por lo tanto, para garantizar la preservación y la apropiación social de los bienes patrimoniales es necesario observar la forma en la que se articula este concepto.

El propósito de este estudio es analizar el concepto de Patrimonio Cultural que presentan algunos documentos ofi ciales del Ministerio de Educación, con la fi nalidad de caracterizar el abordaje conceptual del Patrimonio Cultural desde la educación formal en la República Dominicana. Para este fi n se propone la descripción y el análisis de la concepción de Patrimonio Cultural presentada en el Currículo Educativo del Nivel Medio y en los tomos I y II de Fundamentos del Currículo.

A través de la revisión y el análisis documental de estos textos se pretende describir la concepción de Patrimonio Cultural e identifi car la visión o perspectiva desde la cual el mismo se plantea. En adición a esto se pretende determinar el nivel de desarrollo conceptual al cual corresponde. En base a los resultados alcanzados, realizamos una propuesta para la concepción integral y holística de Patrimonio Cultural en los Fundamentos Curriculares y el Currículo del Nivel Medio.
Metodología interactiva con playposit fortaleciendo la clase invertida
Authors: Chaljub Hasbún Jeanette Martina
Published: October 2020

Este ensayo gira en torno a recursos interactivos de acceso abierto a través de los aprendizajes individuales y las construcciones colectivas de conocimientos. Su foco principal es destacar la importancia de hacer una transferencia metodológica del modelo centrado en el profesor a aquel centradoen los aprendizajes. Alude, además, a Recursos Educativos Abiertos (REA) conocido como Playposit que, por su versatilidad, permite plantear diversas estrategias de enseñanza para fortalecer lo aprendidoo potenciar el desarrollo de pensamiento crítico y aprendizajes activos en los estudiantes. Se presenta el blended learning o aprendizaje combinado, desde la Web 3.0, contemplando una metodología bimodal,en la que se diseña una situación de enseñanza para que los alumnos puedan ir aprendiendo conceptos y estrategias nuevas antes de la clase, por medio de vídeos interactivos, que buscan desarrollar destrezasde operaciones intelectuales simples, como base para las metodologías activas utilizadas en la clase.
RedLEI: uniendo voluntades para desarrollar investigación sobre lectoescritura inicial en contexto
Authors: Elvir Ana Patricia
Published: October 2020

Este artículo analiza el potencial de la Red para la Lectoescritura Inicial de Centroamérica y el Caribe -RedLEI-, un grupo de colaboración de cincouniversidades y un organismo regional fundado para desarrollar capacidades de producción y uso de la investigación basada en evidencia, en el ámbito delectoescritura inicial. La Red abarca, en su etapa actual, a Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua y Costa Rica. Se analiza además la imperiosa necesidad dehacer investigación para apoyar la formulación de las políticas públicas sobre lectoescritura inicial en el contexto de estos países.
Estrés y estrategias de afrontamiento en docentes
Authors: Veras Ivanova
Published: October 2020

En la República Dominicana, la salud mental dentro del sistema educativo ha recibido escasa atención y, en las ocasiones en que ha sido objeto de estudio, estas investigaciones se han centrado, en su mayoría, en los estudiantes, dejando a un lado a los docentes. Muchas investigaciones reportan el impacto del estrés docente en la calidad educativa.

Este estudio consistió en evaluar el estrés docente, sus componentes y las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por quienes participaron en el estudio, así como en conocer la estrategia de afrontamiento más reportada por los participantes y en analizar si existía una correlación entre los componentes del estrés docente y las estrategias de afrontamiento evaluadas.

Se administró la “Escala de Estrés Docente ED-6” y la “Brief COPE” a 11 docentes de secundaria. Los resultados muestran que la estrategia de afrontamiento más reportada por los participantes fue la religión y que la desmotivación juega un papel importante en la salud mental de quienes formaron parte del estudio. A pesar de los esfuerzos constantes, aún queda un largo camino por explorar en aras de mejorar la salud mental dentro del sistema educativo dominicano.
Biodiversidad en el contexto escolar como factor influyente en el rendimiento de estudiantes de educación primaria en Ocoa
Authors: Zoidi Carpio
Published: October 2020

La presente investigación tiene como finalidad comprobar si existe correlación entre el índice de vegetación de las escuelas primarias de Ocoa y el rendimiento escolar en estudiantes de tercero y sexto de primaria en escuelas públicas del municipio de San José de Ocoa. Se realizó un análisis de correlación de Spearman entre los resultados de lengua española y matemática de las pruebas diagnósticas de tercero de primaria de 2017 y de sexto de primaria de 2018 y la tasa de vegetación de las escuelas primarias. El análisis de datos realizado de manera general demostró que tanto en tercero de primaria como en sexto de primaria, para lengua española y matemática, existe correlación entre estos resultados y las tasas de áreas verdes de las escuelas.
Evaluation of antibody test and quantitative RNA assay for accurate diagnosis of HCV infected Bangladeshi patients
Authors: Chowdhury A K , Tabassum H , Chowdhury M , Aleem M A , Sarkar Md. A T , Khan M
Published: October 2020

Viral hepatitis is a serious global public health problem affecting billions of people. Although therapies are available that can suppress or eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection yet identifring the person actively infected with HCV is challenging. Hundred (100) serum samples were collected from BIRDEM OPD, Chevron Clinical Laboratory (Pvt.) Ltd., Chittagong and Medinova Medical Services, Dhaka from suspected HCV patients. Selection of these patients was done according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All sera were tested for antibodies to HCV by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and HCV-RNA quantification by real time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR) assay to detect viral load. Among the 100 respondents, 63 (63%) were male and 37 (37%) were female. The mean age of enrolled subjects was 45.3±13.5 years. Of these, 86 patients were positive and 14 patients were negative for anti-HCV antibody detected by ELISA. Seventy one (71) patients were HCV-RNA positive by rtPCR. Among them, 56 patients had viral load of 103 -1071U/ml and rest 15 patients had 108-101010/ml. Viral load by rtPCR were not detected in 29 patients. The sensitivity of ELISA was 95.8% whereas the sensitivity of qPCR was 79.1% but the specificity of ELISA was 37.9% and the specificity of qPCR was 78.6%. The association between the ELISA and qPCR was highly significant at the level of 0.001. Positive predictive value (PPTO was 95.8% in case of rtPCR whereas it was 79.1% by ELISA. Combining the sensitivity and the specificity of rtPCR and ELISA, the quantitative PCR (qPCR) was more helpful and specific than antibody test (ELISA) for diagnosis of HCV infected patients of Bangladesh.
Deskripsi Pembelajaran Matematika Dengan Metode Socrates Dalam Pendekatan Kontekstual di SMP
Authors: Taufik Akbar
Published: October 2020

Masalah dalam peneitian ini adalah bagaimanakah deskripsi pembelajaran matematika dengan metode Socrates dalam pendekatan kontekstual pada siswa SMP Negeri 13 Makassar. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan pembelajaran matematika dengan metode Socrates dalam pendekatan kontekstual pada siswa SMP Negeri 13 Makassar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data  dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIIA SMP Negeri 13 Makassar dalam  pembelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan metode Socrates dalam pendekatan kontekstual. Instrument penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah lembar observasi dan tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran matematika dengan metode Socrates dalam pendekatan kontekstual pada siswa kelas VIIA SMP Negeri 13 Makassar tergolong dalam kategori cukup. Hal ini terlihat dari rata-rata kemampuan pembelajaran matematika siswa kelas VIIA  sebesar 65,43 dan kemampuan pembelajaran matematika yang lebih dominan adalah siswa dengan kategori cukup dengan presentase 46,4% dari 28 siswa.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Power Point Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas XI SMA
Authors: Suryanti Suryanti
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan media pembelajaran terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada pada pembelajaran matematika di SMA 17 Makassar. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah ex-post facto. Sedangkan instrumen dalam pengumpulan data peneliti menggunakan angket untuk mengukur penggunaan media pembelajaran, dan dokumentasi digunakan untuk mengukur hasil belajar siswa. Setelah dilaksanakan pengujian menggunakan regresi linier sederhana hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara penggunaan media pembelajaran power point terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran matematika di SMAN 17 Makassar yang ditunjukkan dari thitung > ttabel (2,396>2,017). Nilai signifikansi t untuk variabel penerapan model diskusi pemahaman teks adalah 0,021 dan nilai tersebut lebih kecil dari pada probabilitas 0,021 (0,021< 0,05). The significance value of t for the variable application of the discussion model for text understanding is 0.021 and this value is smaller than the probability 0.021 (0.021 <0.05).
Meningkatkan prestasi belajar ilmu pengetahuan alam melalui pendekatan lingkungan pada siswa sekolah dasar
Authors: Sukawati Inti
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (IPA) melalui pendekatan lingkungan pada siswa kelas III SD Muhammadiyah Branjang Karangmojo Gunungkidul. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan menggunakan analisis secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data melalui observasi dan tes. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas III yang berjumlah 12 siswa pada siswa kelas III SD Muhammadiyah Branjang Karangmojo Gunungkidul. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus dengan melibatkan teman sejawat sebagai observer. Siklus penelitian dilaksanakan sebanyak dua kali pada bulan Oktober 2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) pada siklus pertama ditemukan sebagian besar siswa memperoleh nilai di bawah Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM), yaitu sebanyak 40%. 2) pada siklus kedua didapatkan perolehan nilai siswa di atas Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) dari semula dari 40% meningkat menjadi 100% dari seluruh siswa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa melalui pendekatan lingkungan pemahaman siswa kelas III SD Muhammadiyah Branjang meningkat secara signifikan.