bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beta‐Dependent Constraints on Ion Temperature Anisotropy in Jupiter’s Magnetosheath
Authors: Bandyopadhyay R. , Begley L. J. , Maruca B. A. , McComas D. J. , Szalay J. R. , Allegrini F. , Ebert R. W. , Gershman D. J. , Connerney J. E. P. , Bolton S. J.
Published: August 2022

Most space plasmas are weakly collisional. Due to the low collision rate, the plasmas are routinely out of local thermal equilibrium and often exhibit non‐Maxwellian velocity distributions. The charged particles typically exhibit anisotropy in temperature measurements, that is, distinct temperatures are observed perpendicular and parallel (T⊥i and T||i) to the local magnetic field. Numerous prior studies have shown that for increasing values of parallel ion beta (β||i), the range of ion temperature anisotropy (Ri = T⊥i/T||i) values becomes narrower. Conventionally, this behavior has been attributed to the actions of kinetic microinstabilities. This study is the first to explore such β||i‐dependent limits on ion temperature anisotropy in Jupiter's magnetosheath. We use linear Vlasov theory to compute contours of constant growth rate for different instability thresholds, which closely align with the limits of the data distribution, supporting that these instabilities are acting to limit extremes of ion temperature anisotropy in the Jovian magnetosheath.
Discriminating Types of Volcanic Electrical Activity: Toward an Eruption Detection Algorithm
Authors: Behnke S. A. , Edens H. E. , Theiler J. , Swanson D. J. , Senay S. , Van Eaton A. R. , Iguchi M. , Miki D.
Published: August 2022

We present a method for classification of the two distinct types of electrical activity that occur during an explosive volcanic eruption: vent discharges and lightning. Vent discharges occur at the onset of an explosion and create a distinctive radio frequency signature called continual radio frequency. Seconds to minutes after the onset of the eruption, lightning begins to occur throughout the eruption column. We use logistic regression to classify a radio frequency impulse as being part of either a lightning flash or a period of continual radio frequency. The classifier uses the number of peaks in the amplitude envelope from 1 ms windows before and after the impulsive very high frequency waveform, with an average accuracy of 97.9%. We propose that this method could be used in an algorithm to determine when explosive eruptions occurred by identification of the distinctive signatures of vent discharges and lightning.
Seismotectonics of Mongolia and Baikal Rift Zone Controlled by Lithospheric Structures
Authors: Huang Zhouchuan , Zhao Dapeng
Published: August 2022

Active tectonics are developing in Mongolia and the Baikal rift zone, where large crustal earthquakes (Mw ≥ 6.0) occur frequently. To clarify the mechanism of these earthquakes, we determine a high‐resolution 3‐D P‐wave velocity model of the crust and upper mantle beneath Mongolia and the Baikal rift zone. We find an annular high‐velocity zone in the lithosphere; whereas low‐velocity anomalies exist both inside and around the high‐velocity ring as well as beneath the rift zone. Strong interactions between the high‐velocity ring and the surrounding terranes may have induced many moderate‐to‐large earthquakes (Mw 5–7). By contrast, mega‐earthquakes (Mw ≥ 8.0) occurred right above the high‐velocity ring. We propose that the high‐velocity ring is strong as a whole; it sustains the stress arising from the India‐Asia collision and causes the mega‐earthquakes. Meanwhile, the ring could protect the Hangay Dome from the regional compression, leading to weak seismicity under the dome.
Comparison of the Impacts of Topography and Urbanization on an Extreme Rainfall Event in the Hangzhou Bay Region
Authors: Chen Feng , Wu Mengwen , Dong Meiyin , Yu Bu
Published: August 2022

The impacts of topography and urbanization on an extreme rainfall (ER) event in the Hangzhou Bay (HZB) region were investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with one control simulation and three artificial scenarios of no‐HZB, no‐mountains on the south bank of HZB, and no‐urban. Thirty members with different combinations of physical parameterizations were considered for each scenario. The control test results were evaluated and they showed that the model well reproduced the ER that occurred in the HZB region, and the ensemble results were valuable and credible. The existence of HZB, mountains, and urbanization would increase the ensemble mean of accumulated precipitation by 52.07%, 37.11%, and 9.35%, and the probability of heavy rainfall by about 25%, 20%, and 15% in the main rain belt region, respectively. In addition, these factors also introduced more uncertainties in the same physical scheme combination. The impacts of these factors on the distribution, intensity, and mechanism were different. The comparison results showed that the existence of HZB played the most important role in this ER event by the remarkable influence of low‐level wind field and horizontal convergence, followed by the existence of mountains, which mainly affected the distribution of rainfall caused by the airflow climbing up the hill before the mountain. Although urbanization exerted positive effects on this ER event, the impact was relatively small and locally near the urban regions compared with the other two factors.
NXN suppresses metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting degradation of Snail through binding to DUB3
Authors: Zhang Yuanping , Zuo Dinglan , Qiu Jiliang , Li Kai , Niu Yi , Yuan Yichuan , Qiu Yuxiong , Qiao Liang , He Wei , Wang Chenwei , Yuan Yunfei , Li Binkui
Published: August 2022

The poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) could be attributed to its high metastasis rate. Here, we report the role of nucleoredoxin (NXN), a multifunctional redox-active protein, in HCC metastasis. The expression of NXN in HCC tissues was measured by immunohistochemistry. The role of NXN on HCC proliferation was determined by CCK-8, EdU and colony formation assays in vitro and subcutaneous tumor formation model in vivo. Transwell and wound healing assays and tail vein injection model were performed to assess the function of NXN on HCC metastasis. Co-immunoprecipitation assay was performed to examine the interaction among NXN, Snail and DUB3. Our results showed that NXN was downregulated in HCC tissues compared to adjacent liver tissues. Patients with low NXN expression had shorter overall survival (OS) time (P < 0.001) than those with high NXN expression. Biologically, ectopic expression of NXN significantly inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, NXN promoted the ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation of Snail through interaction with DUB3. Further, depletion of Snail abolished NXN-inhibited cell proliferation and metastasis. In summary, NXN suppressed the proliferation and metastasis of HCC by inhibiting DUB3-mediated deubiquitylation of Snail protein. Our study demonstrates that NXN, DUB3 and Snail complex functioned as an important regulatory mechanism of HCC progression and indicates a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of HCC metastasis.
Accurate determination of CRISPR-mediated gene fitness in transplantable tumours
Authors: Eirew Peter , O’Flanagan Ciara , Ting Jerome , Salehi Sohrab , Brimhall Jazmine , Wang Beixi , Biele Justina , Algara Teresa , Lee So Ra , Hoang Corey , Yap Damian , McKinney Steven , Bates Cherie , Kong Esther , Lai Daniel , Beatty Sean , Andronescu Mirela , Zaikova Elena , Funnell Tyler , Ceglia Nicholas , Chia Stephen , Gelmon Karen , Mar Colin , Shah Sohrab , Roth Andrew , Bouchard-Côté Alexandre , Aparicio Samuel
Published: August 2022

Assessing tumour gene fitness in physiologically-relevant model systems is challenging due to biological features of in vivo tumour regeneration, including extreme variations in single cell lineage progeny. Here we develop a reproducible, quantitative approach to pooled genetic perturbation in patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), by encoding single cell output from transplanted CRISPR-transduced cells in combination with a Bayesian hierarchical model. We apply this to 181 PDX transplants from 21 breast cancer patients. We show that uncertainty in fitness estimates depends critically on the number of transplant cell clones and the variability in clone sizes. We use a pathway-directed allelic series to characterize Notch signaling, and quantify TP53 / MDM2 drug-gene conditional fitness in outlier patients. We show that fitness outlier identification can be mirrored by pharmacological perturbation. Overall, we demonstrate that the gene fitness landscape in breast PDXs is dominated by inter-patient differences.
Climate windows of opportunity for plant expansion during the Phanerozoic
Authors: Gurung Khushboo , Field Katie J. , Batterman Sarah A. , Goddéris Yves , Donnadieu Yannick , Porada Philipp , Taylor Lyla L. , Mills Benjamin J. W.
Published: August 2022

Earth’s long-term climate may have profoundly influenced plant evolution. Local climatic factors, including water availability, light, and temperature, play a key role in plant physiology and growth, and have fluctuated substantially over geological time. However, the impact of these key climate variables on global plant biomass across the Phanerozoic has not yet been established. Linking climate and dynamic vegetation modelling, we identify two key ‘windows of opportunity’ during the Ordovician and Jurassic-Paleogene capable of supporting dramatic expansions of potential plant biomass. These conditions are driven by continental dispersion, paleolatitude of continental area and a lack of glaciation, allowing for an intense hydrological cycle and greater water availability. These windows coincide with the initial expansion of land plants and the later angiosperm radiation. Our findings suggest that the timing and expansion of habitable space for plants played an important role in plant evolution and diversification.
Cancer immune therapy using engineered ‛tail-flipping’ nanoliposomes targeting alternatively activated macrophages
Authors: Kuninty Praneeth R. , Binnemars-Postma Karin , Jarray Ahmed , Pednekar Kunal P. , Heinrich Marcel A. , Pijffers Helen J. , ten Hoopen Hetty , Storm Gert , van Hoogevest Peter , den Otter Wouter K. , Prakash Jai
Published: August 2022

Alternatively-activated, M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) strongly contribute to tumor growth, invasiveness and metastasis. Technologies to disable the pro-tumorigenic function of these TAMs are of high interest to immunotherapy research. Here we show that by designing engineered nanoliposomes bio-mimicking peroxidated phospholipids that are recognised and internalised by scavenger receptors, TAMs can be targeted. Incorporation of phospholipids possessing a terminal carboxylate group at the sn-2 position into nanoliposome bilayers drives their uptake by M2 macrophages with high specificity. Molecular dynamics simulation of the lipid bilayer predicts flipping of the sn-2 tail towards the aqueous phase, while molecular docking data indicates interaction of the tail with Scavenger Receptor Class B type 1 (SR-B1). In vivo, the engineered nanoliposomes are distributed specifically to M2-like macrophages and, upon delivery of the STAT6 inhibitor (AS1517499), zoledronic acid or muramyl tripeptide, these cells promote reduction of the premetastatic niche and/or tumor growth. Altogether, we demonstrate the efficiency and versatility of our engineered “tail-flipping” nanoliposomes in a pre-clinical model, which paves the way to their development as cancer immunotherapeutics in humans.
Ultrahigh resistance of hexagonal boron nitride to mineral scale formation
Authors: Zuo Kuichang , Zhang Xiang , Huang Xiaochuan , Oliveira Eliezer F. , Guo Hua , Zhai Tianshu , Wang Weipeng , Alvarez Pedro J. J. , Elimelech Menachem , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Lou Jun , Li Qilin
Published: August 2022

Formation of mineral scale on a material surface has profound impact on a wide range of natural processes as well as industrial applications. However, how specific material surface characteristics affect the mineral-surface interactions and subsequent mineral scale formation is not well understood. Here we report the superior resistance of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) to mineral scale formation compared to not only common metal and polymer surfaces but also the highly scaling-resistant graphene, making hBN possibly the most scaling resistant material reported to date. Experimental and simulation results reveal that this ultrahigh scaling-resistance is attributed to the combination of hBN’s atomically-smooth surface, in-plane atomic energy corrugation due to the polar boron-nitrogen bond, and the close match between its interatomic spacing and the size of water molecules. The latter two properties lead to strong polar interactions with water and hence the formation of a dense hydration layer, which strongly hinders the approach of mineral ions and crystals, decreasing both surface heterogeneous nucleation and crystal attachment.
Minimally invasive detection of cancer using metabolic changes in tumor-associated natural killer cells with Oncoimmune probes
Authors: Ishwar Deeptha , Haldavnekar Rupa , Venkatakrishnan Krishnan , Tan Bo
Published: August 2022

Natural Killer (NK) cells, a subset of innate immune cells, undergo cancer-specific changes during tumor progression. Therefore, tracking NK cell activity in circulation has potential for cancer diagnosis. Identification of tumor associated NK cells remains a challenge as most of the cancer antigens are unknown. Here, we introduce tumor-associated circulating NK cell profiling (CNKP) as a stand-alone cancer diagnostic modality with a liquid biopsy. Metabolic profiles of NK cell activation as a result of tumor interaction are detected with a SERS functionalized OncoImmune probe platform. We show that the cancer stem cell-associated NK cell is of value in cancer diagnosis. Through machine learning, the features of NK cell activity in patient blood could identify cancer from non-cancer using 5uL of peripheral blood with 100% accuracy and localization of cancer with 93% accuracy. These results show the feasibility of minimally invasive cancer diagnostics using circulating NK cells.
Transcriptome and proteome analysis of innate immune responses to inactivated Leptospira and bivalent Leptospira vaccines in canine 030-D cells
Authors: Novak Andreja , Pennings Jeroen L. A. , van der Maas Larissa , Meiring Hugo D. , Ludwig Irene , Verkoeijen Saertje , Rutten Victor , Broere Femke , Sloots Arjen
Published: August 2022

Mandatory potency testing of Leptospira vaccine batches relies partially on in vivo procedures, requiring large numbers of laboratory animals. Cell-based assays could replace in vivo tests for vaccine quality control if biomarkers indicative of Leptospira vaccine potency are identified. We investigated innate immune responsiveness induced by inactivated L. interrogans serogroups Canicola and Icterohaemorrhagiae, and two bivalent, non-adjuvanted canine Leptospira vaccines containing the same serogroups. First, the transcriptome and proteome analysis of a canine monocyte/macrophage 030-D cell line stimulated with Leptospira strains, and vaccine B revealed more than 900 DEGs and 23 DEPs in common to these three stimuli. Second, comparison of responses induced by vaccine B and vaccine D revealed a large overlap in DEGs and DEPs as well, suggesting potential to identify biomarkers indicative of Leptospira vaccine quality. Because not many common DEPs were identified, we selected seven molecules from the identified DEGs, associated with pathways related to innate immunity, of which CXCL-10, IL-1β, SAA, and complement C3 showed increased secretion upon stimulation with both Leptospira vaccines. These molecules could be interesting targets for development of biomarker-based assays for Leptospira vaccine quality control in the future. Additionally, this study contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms by which Leptospira vaccines induce innate immune responses in the dog.
Left sided breast cancer is associated with aggressive biology and worse outcomes than right sided breast cancer
Authors: Abdou Yara , Gupta Medhavi , Asaoka Mariko , Attwood Kristopher , Mateusz Opyrchal , Gandhi Shipra , Takabe Kazuaki
Published: August 2022

Breast cancer is more common on the left side than the right side. We aim to evaluate differences in clinicopathological and genomic characteristics based on laterality. We analyzed survival outcomes and clinical characteristics of 881,320 patients recorded by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used to explore genomic and clinical features from 1,062 patients. Gene expression data was used to quantitate cytolytic activity and hallmark gene-sets were used for gene set enrichment analysis. An institutional retrospective review was conducted on 155 patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Patient characteristics were summarized by pathological complete response (pCR). Left sided tumors were found to be more prevalent than right sided tumors. No major clinicopathological differences were noted by laterality. Left sided breast cancer demonstrated poorer outcomes versus right sided tumors (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01–1.08; p = 0.011). Cell proliferation gene sets, including E2F Targets, G2M Checkpoint, Mitotic spindle, and MYC Targets, were enriched on the left side compared to the right. Left sided tumors had lower pCR rates versus right sided tumors (15.4% versus 29.9%, p = 0.036). Our findings suggest that left sided breast cancer is associated with aggressive biology and worse outcomes compared to right sided breast cancer.
The focused quantitative EEG bio-marker in studying childhood atrophic encephalopathy
Authors: Richard Sungura , Gabriel Shirima , John Spitsbergen , Emmanuel Mpolya , John-Mary Vianney
Published: August 2022

Although it is a normal involution process in advanced age, brain atrophy—also termed atrophic encephalopathy—can also occur prematurely in childhood as a consequential effect of brain tissues injury through trauma or central nervous system infection, though in both normal and premature occurrences this condition always presents with loss of volume relative to the skull. A common tool for the functional study of brain activities is an electroencephalogram, but analyses of this have reportedly identified mismatches between qualitative and quantitative forms, particularly in the use of Delta-alpha ratio (DAR) indices, meaning that the values may be case dependent. The current study thus examines the value of Focused Occipital Beta-Alpha Ratio (FOBAR) as a modified biomarker for evaluating brain functional changes resulting from brain atrophy. This cross-sectional design study involves 260 patients under 18 years of age. Specifically, 207 patients with brain atrophy are compared with 53 control subjects with CT scan-proven normal brain volume. All the children underwent digital electroencephalography with brain mapping. Results show that alpha posterior dominant rhythm was present in 88 atrophic children and 44 controls. Beta as posterior dominant rhythm was present in an overwhelming 91.5% of atrophic subjects, with 0.009 p-values. The focused occipital Beta-alpha ratio correlated significantly with brain volume loss presented in diagonal brain fraction. The FOBAR and DAR values of the QEEG showed no significant correlation. This work concludes that QEEG cerebral dysfunctional studies may be etiologically and case dependent from the nature of the brain injury. Also, the focused Beta-alpha ratio of the QEEG is a prospective and potential biomarker of consideration in studying childhood atrophic encephalopathy.
Corrosion inhibition of a novel antihistamine-based compound for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution: experimental and computational studies
Authors: Ghaderi Mohammad , Ramazani S. A. Ahmad , Kordzadeh Azadeh , Mahdavian Mohammad , Alibakhshi Eiman , Ghaderi Arash
Published: August 2022

Focused on the assessment of the diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DPH) capabilities as an alternative to conventional and harmful industrial corrosion inhibitors, electrochemical techniques were employed. The optimum concentration of 1000 ppm was determined by molecular simulation and validated through electrochemical experiments. The results acquired from the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) study showed that DPH at a concentration of 1000 ppm has a corrosion efficiency of 91.43% after 6 h immersion. The DPH molecules' orientation on the surface was assessed based on EIS predicting horizontal adsorption on the surface. Molecular simulations were done to explore the adsorption mechanism of DPH. The DPH molecules' orientation on the surface was also assessed based on computational studies confirming the horizontal adsorption predicted by EIS.
Advanced separation and classification of ionospheric troughs in midnight conditions
Authors: Karpachev Alexander
Published: August 2022

This study uses a novel approach to separate and classify different ionospheric troughs from CHAMP satellite data in the winter midnight ionosphere of the southern hemisphere at high solar activity (2000–2002). The main ionospheric trough (MIT) was separated from the high latitude trough (HLT). The separation was performed through an analysis of troughs in the frame of a model of the diffuse auroral particle precipitation. Two types of HLT were distinguished. In the mid-latitude ionosphere, the MIT was separated from the ring ionospheric trough (RIT), which is formed by the decay processes of the magnetospheric ring current. The separation was performed on the basis of an analysis of the prehistory of all geomagnetic disturbances for the period under study. In addition, a decrease in the electron density, which is superimposed on the MIT and masks its minimum position, is quite often observed at American and Atlantic longitudes near the Polar Circle.
Equisetum hyemale-derived unprecedented bioactive composite for hard and soft tissues engineering
Authors: da Costa e Silva Rosangela Maria Ferreira , Diniz Ivana Márcia Alves , Gomes Natália Aparecida , Silva Guilherme Jorge Brigolini , da Fonte Ferreira José Maria , de Freitas Filho Rubens Lucas , Freitas Erico Tadeu Fraga , Martins Darliane Aparecida , Domingues Rosana Zacarias , Andrade Ângela Leão
Published: August 2022

Although Bioactive Glasses (BGs) have been progressively optimized, their preparation often still involves the use of toxic reagents and high calcination temperatures to remove organic solvents. In the present work, these synthesis related drawbacks were overcome by treating the ashes from the Equisetum hyemale plant in an ethanol/water solution to develop a bioactive composite [glass/carbon (BG-Carb)]. The BG-Carb was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy; and its chemical composition was assessed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller gas adsorption analysis showed a specific surface area of 121 m2 g−1. The formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) surface layer in vitro was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis before and after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution. The Rietveld refinement of the XRD patterns and selected area electron diffraction analyses confirmed HA in the sample even before immersing it in SBF solution. However, stronger evidences of the presence of HA were observed after immersion in SBF solution due to the surface mineralization. The BG-Carb samples showed no cytotoxicity on MC3T3-E1 cells and osteo-differentiation capacity similar to the positive control. Altogether, the BG-Carb material data reveals a promising plant waste-based candidate for hard and soft tissue engineering.
Influence of root distribution patterns on soil dynamic characteristics
Authors: Liu Shusen , Li Jun , Ji Xiaodong , Fang Yi
Published: August 2022

Slopes along the highway and railway routes are subjected to not only static loads but also dynamic loads generated by vehicles and trains. The induced excessive deformation potentially poses a threat to slope stability. In terms of the extensive application of ecological slope protection, plants play a critical role in slope stability, as the roots can enhance the shear strength of the soil. This study aims to investigate the influence of different root distribution patterns on the dynamic characteristics induced by cyclic loading. By conducting a group of dynamic triaxial tests, the results indicate that the root system can significantly enhance the liquefaction resistance of the soil when the soil is subjected to lower dynamic loads, and the cross arrangement has a better-reinforced effect than the mixed arrangement. The reinforced effect was not obvious when the soil was subjected to a dynamic load with a larger stress amplitude. In addition, based on the validation of the seed model, a new pore water pressure development model was proposed according to the test results. Overall, the research provides a new model and some innovative observations to better understand the dynamic behavior of root-reinforced soil.
A nucleic acid dye-enhanced electrochemical biosensor for the label-free detection of Hg2+ based on a gold nanoparticle-modified disposable screen-printed electrode
Authors: Liu Wei , Wang Yunqi , Sheng Fangfang , Wan Bing , Tang Gangxu , Xu Shuxia
Published: August 2022

A nucleic acid dye-enhanced electrochemical sensor was designed based on an Au nanoparticle (AuNPs)-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) and a thymine (T)–Hg2+–thymine (T) mismatch for the detection of Hg2+ in water.
Magnetic coupling and spin ordering in bisdithiazolyl, thiaselenazolyl, and bisdiselenazolyl molecular materials
Authors: Roncero-Barrero C. , Ribas-Ariño J. , Moreira I. de P. R. , Deumal M.
Published: August 2022

Magnetic coupling between radicals, spin alignment, short/long-range correlations, and magneto-structural correlations are shown to be key to fully understand the magnetism of pyridine-bridged S/Se bisDTA multifunctional molecular materials.
Strong Be–Be bonds in double-aromatic bridged Be2(μ-SO) molecules
Authors: Rezaie F. , Noorizadeh S.
Published: August 2022

A bridged Be2(μ-SO) molecule is formed by stabilizing the Be2 dimer using a SO ligand.
Energy-saving H2 production from a hybrid acid/alkali electrolyzer assisted by anodic glycerol oxidation
Authors: Liu Bowen , Wang Genxiang , Feng Xin , Dai Ling , Wen Zhenhai , Ci Suqin
Published: August 2022

A hybrid acid/alkali electrolyzer is assembled by coupling the prepared Cu–Cu2O/CC anode for the GOR in alkali with a commercial Pt/C cathode for the HER in an acid, which only requires an applied voltage of 0.59 V to reach 10 mA cm−2 for H2 and formate production.
From a single helix to a helical porous metalloenzyme catalyst based on temperature sensitive polyionic liquids
Authors: Li Xinjuan , Zhou Zhangquan , Dong Jiaxin , Sun Yanping , Ma Guanglei , Wei Qingcong , Ma Nana , Jia Xianbin
Published: August 2022

It is a challenging task to construct helical structures through the assembly of achiral polymers.
Expanding monomer scope and enabling post-modification in photocontrolled radical ring-opening polymerization of vinylcyclopropanes by an iodine transfer strategy
Authors: Zhang Dong-Yang , Han Dong , Li Yue , Chen Dian-Feng
Published: August 2022

Visible light-driven iodine transfer polymerization provides efficient and unique access to novel poly(vinylcyclopropanes) with enhanced material properties.
Constraining the overcontact phase in massive binary evolution
Authors: Abdul-Masih Michael , Escorza Ana , Menon Athira , Mahy Laurent , Marchant Pablo
Published: August 2022

Context. Given that mergers are often invoked to explain many exotic phenomena in massive star evolution, understanding the evolutionary phase directly preceding a merger, the overcontact phase, is of crucial importance. Despite this, large uncertainties exist in our understanding of the evolution of massive overcontact binaries.

Aims. We aim to provide robust observational constraints on the future dynamical evolution of massive overcontact systems by measuring the rate at which the periods change for a sample of six such objects. Furthermore, we aim to investigate whether the periods of unequal-mass systems show higher rates of change than their equal mass counterparts, as theoretical models predict.

Methods. Using archival photometric data from various ground- and space-based missions covering up to ∼40 years, we measure the periods of each system over several smaller time spans. We then fit a linear regression through the measured periods to determine the rate at which the period is changing over the entire data set.

Results. We find that all of the stars in our sample have very small period changes and that there does not seem to be a correlation with the mass ratio. This implies that the orbital periods for these systems are stable on the nuclear timescale, and that the unequal-mass systems may not equalize as expected.

Conclusions. When comparing our results with population synthesis distributions, we find large discrepancies between the expected mass ratios and period stabilities. We find that these discrepancies can be mitigated to a degree by removing systems with shorter initial periods, suggesting that the observed sample of overcontact systems may originate from binary systems with longer initial orbital periods.
A Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE)
Authors: Junais  , Boissier S. , Boselli A. , Ferrarese L. , Côté P. , Gwyn S. , Roediger J. , Lim S. , Peng E. W. , Cuillandre J.-C. , Longobardi A. , Fossati M. , Hensler G. , Koda J. , Bautista J. , Boquien M. , Małek K. , Amram P. , Roehlly Y.
Published: August 2022

Context. Low-surface-brightness galaxies (LSBs) contribute to a significant fraction of all the galaxies in the Universe. Ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) form a subclass of LSBs that has attracted a lot of attention in recent years (although its definition may vary between studies). Although UDGs are found in large numbers in galaxy clusters, groups, and in the field, their formation and evolution are still very much debated.

Aims. Using a comprehensive set of multiwavelength data from the NGVS (optical), VESTIGE (Hα narrowband), and GUViCS (UV) surveys, we studied a sample of 64 diffuse galaxies and UDGs in the Virgo cluster to investigate their formation history.

Methods. We analyzed the photometric colors and surface-brightness profiles of these galaxies and then compared them to models of galaxy evolution, including ram-pressure stripping (RPS) events to infer any possible strong interactions with the hot cluster gas in the past.

Results. While our sample consists mainly of red LSBs, which is typical in cluster environments, we found evidence of a color variation with the cluster-centric distance. Blue, H I-bearing, star-forming diffuse galaxies are found at larger distances from the cluster center than the rest of the sample. The comparison of our models with multifrequency observations suggests that most of the galaxies of the sample might have undergone a strong RPS event in their lifetime, on average 1.6 Gyr ago (with a large dispersion, and RPS still ongoing for some of them). This process resulted in the transformation of initially gas-rich diffuse blue galaxies into gas-poor and red ones that form the dominant population now, the more extreme UDGs having undergone the process in a more distant past on average.

Conclusions. The RPS in dense environments could be one of the major mechanisms for the formation of the large number of quiescent UDGs we observe in galaxy clusters.
RETRACTED: Microbial community diversity and eco-genomics functions across sediment regimen of a saline lake
Authors: Deng Chen , Donde Oscar , Qing Li Ze
Published: August 2022

The article has been retracted on 25 July 2023 (See the Retraction notice) as the data and images it contains present excessive similarities with those published in “Lu, X. et al. Microbial activity regulation of volatile organic compounds with potential fuel oxygenate within East Taijinar
Salt Lake, China” published in Applied Ecology and Environmental Research in October 2021 (https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2001_447464). The corresponding author of the article published in International Journal of Limnology acknowledges errors and omissions and agrees with the retraction”.
Complementary lessons learned from the testing strategies used for radiation emergencies and COVID-19: A white paper from The International Association of Biological and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Radiation Dosimetry (IABERD)
Authors: Swartz H.M. , Swarts S.G. , Ainsbury E. , Wilkins R.C. , Port M. , Trompier F. , Flood A.B. , Roy L.
Published: August 2022

As COVID-19 emerged, there are parallels between the responses needed for managing SARS-CoV-2 infections and radiation injuries. While some SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals present as asymptomatic, others exhibit a range of symptoms including severe and rapid onset of high-risk indicators of mortality. Similarly, a variety of responses are also observed after a radiological exposure depending on radiation dose, dose heterogeneity, and biological variability. The impact of acute radiation syndrome (ARS) has guided the identification of many biomarkers of radiation exposure, the establishment of medical management strategies, and development of medical countermeasures in the event of a radiation public health emergency. Biodosimetry has a prominent role for identifying exposed persons during a large scale radiological emergency situation. Identifying exposed individuals is also critical in the case of pandemics such as COVID-19, with the additional goal of controlling the spread of disease. Conclusions and significance: IABERD has taken advantage of its competences in biodosimetry to draw lessons from current practices of managing the testing strategy for nuclear accidents to improve responses to SARS-CoV-2. Conversely, lessons learned from managing SARS-CoV-2 can be used to inform best practices in managing radiological situations. Finally, the potential need to deal with testing modalities simultaneously and effectively in both situations is considered.
Das falsche Punktionsaneurysma der Shuntvene nach Einzelpunktion
Authors: Krönung Gerhard
Published: August 2022

Der Anteil falscher Aneurysmen nach Einzelpunktion liegt bei den Revisionsindikationen in unserem shuntchirurgischen Krankengut im niedrigen einstelligen Prozentbereich. Auffallend sind scheinbar typische Größenunterschiede abhängig davon, ob die verursachende Einzelpunktion innerhalb oder außerhalb eines etablierten Punktionsareals liegt.
Status Quo der Gesundheitsversorgung in der Nephrologie
Authors: Alscher Mark Dominik
Published: August 2022

Die Nephrologie ist ein wichtiges Teilgebiet der Inneren Medizin, die sich im Kern mit Nierenerkrankungen beschäftigt. Aufgrund der Multimorbidität und Komplexität der nephrologischen Patienten sind im Regelfall zahlreiche weitere Organsysteme betroffen, sodass nephrologische Abteilungen vielfach auch Patienten mit weiteren Organmanifestationen betreuen. Damit sind Nephrologen i. d. R. integrativ tätige und systemisch vorgehende Internisten und zahlreichen Fachabteilungen, welche eine nephrologische stationäre Patientenversorgung organisieren, werden weitere Gebiete hinzuaddiert. Dazu zählen bspw. die Allgemeine Innere Medizin, Geriatrie, Hypertensiologie, Rheumatologie, Notfallversorgung, Intensivmedizin und weitere. Durch diese Multimorbidität ist im Regelfall mindestens ein weiteres Organsystem betroffen, sodass in der präzisen Zuordnung zur Fachabteilung im Alltag häufig Diskussionsbedarf besteht. Zu nennen sind Herzpatienten mit eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion, die bspw. in kardiologischen Abteilungen, Notaufnahmen, Intensivstationen oder auch der Nephrologie je nach Schweregrad der Erkrankung und führenden Symptomen zur Behandlung kommen können. Dies trifft auf andere Organsysteme ebenfalls zu und führt häufig dazu, dass sich auch andere Fachgebiete um nephrologische Patienten kümmern.
Verantwortungsdiffusion in der Hämodialyseshuntpflege
Authors: Griesau Linda
Published: August 2022

Dieser Beitrag entstand aus einer Facharbeit, die im Rahmen einer Fachweiterbildung für Nephrologie geschrieben wurde. Da die Autorin in ihrer täglichen Arbeit mit dem Thema Verantwortungsdiffusion in der Hämodialyseshuntpflege wiederholt konfrontiert wurde und ihr auffiel, dass dieses Phänomen unter Pflegekräften weitgehend unbekannt ist, befasst sich dieser Beitrag mit dem Auftreten und den Auswirkungen von Verantwortungsdiffusion. Zunächst wird das Phänomen selbst erklärt und wie es sich in der Pflege allgemein äußern kann. Nach einer kurzen Darstellung der Aufgaben der Pflegenden in der Shuntpflege, werden die zuvor gewonnenen Erkenntnisse über Verantwortungsdiffusion auf die Shuntpflege übertragen. Zum Schluss geht die Autorin auf die Frage ein, welche Aufgaben ein Shuntbeauftragter hat und ob dieser geeignet ist, der Verantwortungsdiffusion entgegenzuwirken.
Pediatric Wound Closure by a Tension-Relief System
Authors: Yaacobi Dafna Shilo , Topaz Moris , Kalish Eyal , Hayun Yehiel , Gurevich Michael , Ad-El Dean , Grush Andrew E. , Olshinka Asaf
Published: August 2022

Surgical reconstruction in pediatric patients can often be complex. Primary wound closure is almost always the preferred technique in the reconstructive ladder; however, it is not always possible in pediatric patients. We report the pediatric use of the TopClosure Tension-Relief System, an innovative skin-stretching technique for secure primary wound closure of large defects. We modified the technique by fixating it to a protective dressing instead of the patient's skin, thus avoiding both staple scars and pain. A retrospective review of 112 patients aged 7 days to 18 years who underwent Tension-Relief System-assisted surgery at a tertiary medical center from 2010 to 2020 was conducted. Cases included congenital deformities, traumatic wounds, burn scars, and complicated-wounds, with or without hardware or deep tissue exposure. The use of the system avoided the need for multiple surgical sessions and for local or regional flaps. The technique was simple to use, with few complications, and led to satisfactory aesthetic and functional outcomes. The findings support using the technique in children and adolescents with challenging tension wounds. Herein, we report on our experience with the Tension-Relief System and detail four cases in which early or immediate closure was successfully achieved.
Solving the Low-Energy Model
Authors: Aryasetiawan Ferdi , Nilsson Fredrik
Published: August 2022

In this chapter we will investigate how the downfolding techniques developed in the previous chapter can be used to investigate strongly correlated materials in practice. In Chapter 5, we discussed dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) in detail. DMFT is a method that can be used to solve the Hubbard Hamiltonian, usually under the assumption that the self-energy only has onsite components. Off-site components of the self-energy can be included by extension to cluster DMFT, however it is computationally costly. The GW+DMFT method extends this approach by accounting for the long-range self-energy using the GWA. The main focus of the chapter is to discuss how DMFT can be used to perform calculations for real materials, both by combining it with density functional theory (DFT) and the one-shot GWA. However, we will begin by discussing the widely used DFT+U method where a Hubbard $U$ term is added to the DFT total energy functional.
Three distinctAtoh1enhancers cooperate for sound receptor hair cell development
Authors: Luo Zhengnan , Du Yi , Li Shuting , Zhang He , Shu Muya , Zhang Di , He Shunji , Wang Guangqin , Lu Falong , Liu Zhiyong
Published: August 2022

Cochlear hair cells (HCs) in the inner ear are responsible for sound detection. For HC fate specification, the master transcription factor Atoh1 is both necessary and sufficient.Atoh1expression is dynamic and tightly regulated during development, but thecis-regulatory elements mediating this regulation remain unresolved. Unexpectedly, we found that deleting the only recognizedAtoh1enhancer, defined here as Eh1, failed to impair HC development. By using the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq), we discovered two additionalAtoh1enhancers: Eh2 and Eh3. Notably, Eh2 deletion was sufficient for impairing HC development, and concurrent deletion of Eh1 and Eh2 or all three enhancers resulted in nearly complete absence of HCs. Lastly, we showed that Atoh1 binds to all three enhancers, consistent with its autoregulatory function. Our findings reveal that the cooperative action of three distinct enhancers underpins effectiveAtoh1regulation during HC development, indicating potential therapeutic approaches for HC regeneration.
Manipulation of coacervate droplets with an electric field
Authors: Agrawal Aman , Douglas Jack F. , Tirrell Matthew , Karim Alamgir
Published: August 2022

Many biopolymers are highly charged, and as in the case of many polymer mixtures, they tend to phase separate as a natural consequence of chain connectivity and an associated relatively low entropy of polymer mixing. Recently, it has become appreciated that the phase-separated structures formed by such polyelectrolyte blends, called “complex coacervates,” underlie numerous biological structures and processes essential to living systems, and there has been intense interest in understanding the unique physical features of this type of phase-separation process. In the present work, we are particularly concerned with the field responsiveness of stabilized coacervate droplets formed after the phase separation of polyelectrolyte blend solution and then exposed to deionized water, making the droplet interfacial layer acquire a viscoelastic character that strongly stabilizes it against coalescence. We show that we can precisely control the positions of individual droplets and arrays of them with relatively low-voltage electric fields (on the order of 10 V/cm) and that the imposition of an oscillatory field gives rise to chain formation with coarsening of these chains into long fibers. Such a phase-separation–like process is generally observed in electrorheological fluids of solid colloidal particles subjected to much larger field strengths. The key to these coacervates’ electrorheological properties is the altered interfacial viscoelastic properties when the droplets are introduced into deionized water and the associated high polarizability of the droplets, similar to the properties of many living cells. Since many different molecular payloads can be incorporated into these stable droplets, we anticipate many applications.
From data to noise to data for mixing physics across temperatures with generative artificial intelligence
Authors: Wang Yihang , Herron Lukas , Tiwary Pratyush
Published: August 2022

Using simulations or experiments performed at some set of temperatures to learn about the physics or chemistry at some other arbitrary temperature is a problem of immense practical and theoretical relevance. Here we develop a framework based on statistical mechanics and generative artificial intelligence that allows solving this problem. Specifically, we work with denoising diffusion probabilistic models and show how these models in combination with replica exchange molecular dynamics achieve superior sampling of the biomolecular energy landscape at temperatures that were never simulated without assuming any particular slow degrees of freedom. The key idea is to treat the temperature as a fluctuating random variable and not a control parameter as is usually done. This allows us to directly sample from the joint probability distribution in configuration and temperature space. The results here are demonstrated for a chirally symmetric peptide and single-strand RNA undergoing conformational transitions in all-atom water. We demonstrate how we can discover transition states and metastable states that were previously unseen at the temperature of interest and even bypass the need to perform further simulations for a wide range of temperatures. At the same time, any unphysical states are easily identifiable through very low Boltzmann weights. The procedure while shown here for a class of molecular simulations should be more generally applicable to mixing information across simulations and experiments with varying control parameters.
Poronia erici
.
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F.
Published: August 2022

A description is provided for
Poronia erici
, which is found on dung of herbivorous lagomorphs, marsupials and ungulates. Given results from the closely related
Poronia punctata
, this species is likely to merit investigation as a potential source of antibiotics. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (Mexico), Australasia (Australia, (Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia)), Europe (Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, UK)). No evaluation has been made of any possible positive economic impact of this fungus and no reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Pseudoyuconia thalictri
.
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F.
Published: August 2022

A description is provided for
Pseudoyuconia thalictri
, which appears as a saprobe on dead dry stems. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (Canada (Ontario), USA (North Dakota New York)), South America (Venezuela), Europe (Germany, Iceland, Italy, Poland, Russia (Pskov oblast), Sweden, Switzerland, UK)). No evaluation has been made of any possible positive economic impact of this fungus and no reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Thyronectria roseovirens
.
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F.
Published: August 2022

A description is provided for
Thyronectria roseovirens
, which can be found on and apparently (although there is no experimental evidence to support the supposition) parasitizing other fungi immersed in bark of woody members of the Fabaceae. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Europe (Italy, Spain, UK)). No evaluation has been made of any possible positive economic impact of this fungus and no reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Physarum crateriforme
.
Authors: Cannon P.F. , Minter D.W.
Published: August 2022

A description is provided for
Physarum crateriforme
. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Kenya, Madagascar, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania), Central America (Belize, Costa Rica, Panama), North America (Mexico, USA (Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia)), South America (Brazil (Pernambuco, Sergipe), Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru), Asia (China (Fujian, Guangxi, Hong Kong, Shandong, Sichuan), India (Assam, Delhi, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh), Japan, Laos, Russia (Altai krai, Novosibirsk oblast), Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam), Atlantic Ocean (Ascension, Spain (Canary Islands)), Australasia (Australia (Western Australia)), Caribbean (Antigua and Barbuda, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Martinique, Puerto Rico, St Lucia), Europe (France, Ireland, Portugal, Russia (Voronezh oblast), Spain, Sweden, UK), Indian Ocean (Seychelles), Pacific Ocean (Ecuador (Galapagos), USA (Hawaii))). Studies in Japan suggest that myxomycetes including this species may be useful as indicators of environmental pollution. No other evaluation has been made of any possible positive economic impact of this fungus and no reports of negative economic impacts have been found.