bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mobile interconnections: Reinterpreting distance, relating and difference in the Cameroonian Grassfields
Authors: de Bruijn Mirjam , Nyamnjoh Francis , Angwafo Tseghama
Published: December 2010

Communities in the western Cameroonian Grassfields have always been mobile and migratory and this has been facilitated over the years by innovations in information and communication technologies (ICT). Since 2003, rural areas have become gradually more linked to mobile phone networks
and the costs of telephony have decreased. The phone is increasingly accessible, but what does this new accessibility to information and communication technology mean for the mobile communities of this region? Who has access to mobile communication and who does not? What are the changes people
refer to when they reflect on their phone use? Are substantial changes taking place in social relating and local notions of time and space? This article explores the appropriation of the phone by different social groups related to age and status in rural and urban settings. It draws on interviews
and qualitative observations gathered during fieldwork conducted between 2006 and 2009. The directions of social change linked to the mobile phone show a wide variety of forms of social relating. Of particular significance is the creativity brought to bear in social relations by those with
and without mobile phones, which is making power relations simultaneously hierarchical and horizontal, concentrated and diffused, in ways that challenge conventional theories of social sciences and differentiation in structural terms. Similarly, the populations of the Grassfields can simultaneously
shape as well as be shaped by the mobile phone, and can recognize and capitalize on its possibilities while being critical of its inconveniences.
Rethinking rugby and the rainbow nation
Authors: Vincent Louise , Stevenson Sasha
Published: December 2010

The Hollywood film Invictus tells the story of South Africa's hosting and winning of the World Rugby Cup in 1995 just months after the country's transition to democracy. It is a mythical moment in South Africa's contemporary history, capturing the hope and optimism that a brutally
divided nation would come together and in doing so would be, as the title suggests, invincible. Central to the narrative is the game of rugby itself. Once emblematic of white supremacy, rugby becomes, in the film, the terrain upon which Nelson Mandela, the first president of the democratic
era, cannily wages a battle to bring black and white South Africans together. This article offers a less triumphant reading of the 1995 World Cup, and in doing so argues that far from being indomitable, South Africa's democracy, much like the fortunes of its national rugby side, is fragile
and precarious.
Complex installations: sharing consciousness in a cybernetic ballet
Authors: Ribeiro Clarissa , Prado Gilbertto
Published: December 2010

Since Norbert Wiener presented a new research field called the study of control and communication in the animal and the machine, the biological and the artificial universes are each time more integrated as pieces of a game that involves science, philosophy, technology, arts, architecture and several other fields. It is astonishing to take a look at an imaginary non-linear timeline where it is possible to see the ancient Ars Mnemonica inspiring the Leibniz combinatoria and how all these virtual knowledge structures inspired the development of a communication and control machine called the computer. A machine that is quite an exploded black box artificial systems integrated into biological systems in a cybernetic structure through which most diverse kinds of information flows. We are living in times in which the logic of this machine becomes the core of our post-biological era in its essence, the era in which the biological and artificial realms are immersed in one another. An era in which we see [] humans in fact integrating with the fiction of their imagination as conjured up digitally by the computer, and in which the digital arts emanating from the cosmology of number are also a link between digital finality and infinity imagination, defending man in his impossibility to be simulated (Weibel 1999: 222). Considering this panorama in the contemporary artistic context, it could be stimulating to think about interactive digital art installations as systems in which the elements are both organic and artificial, both physical and virtual, interconnected like they were performing a cybernetic ballet. The aim of the present research is to study this choreography using the complex sciences framework. Following this objective, a series of parameters based on systemic measures of organization and complexity were structured. Our intention is, obviously, not to say that the work of art is more or less systemic, more or less complex or organized, but to help in understanding and to conceive the installation as a system: a complex adaptive system (CAS).
The sense of being moved
Authors: Anker Kathrine Elizabeth
Published: December 2010

This article suggests an assembly of ideas collected from transdisciplinary areas that in integration can potentially cast light on the role of affect and feeling in aesthetic experience. The article takes up a well-known philosophical quest to define the nature of aesthetic experience,
but seeks out new territories of explanation that rest upon principles of rhetorical integration across a seemingly ambiguous landscape of separated theories, and under a dynamic, connective observatory perspective. The aim of the article is thus to suggest a rhetorical design integrating
results from the fields of neuroscience, biosemiotics, medical theory and philosophy of art, which could potentially result in an extension of traditional understandings of the roles of affect and feeling in processes of communication. I see the space of installation art, based on new technology
and science, as a possible laboratory for the speculative mind, to which such investigations could be successfully related. I find that contemporary installation artworks can if successful induce an activation of processes intrinsic to the bodymind, which can bring forward new imaginations,
new metaphors and extended self-understandings.
Psychic systems and metaphysical machines: experiencing behavioural prediction with neural networks
Authors: Kazemzadeh Max B
Published: December 2010

We are living in a time of meta-organics and post-biology, where we perceive everything in our world as customizable and changeable. Modelling biology within a technological context allows us to investigate GEO-volutionary alternatives/alterations to our original natural systems, where
augmentation and transmutation become standards in search of overall betterment (Genetically Engineered Organics). Our expectations for technology exceeds ubiquitous access and functional perfection and enters the world of technoetics, where our present hyper-functional, immersively multi-apped,
borderline-prosthetic, global village devices fail to satiate our desires to be synaptically surpassed. Most real-time interactive behavioural systems in art utilize two and three dimensions. Artificial neural networks and prediction (Latin: from pr- before plus dicere to say)
systems give rise to experimentation within the third-plus-one (3+1) dimension of the spacetime continuum.

Spacetime in accordance with string theory requires the where and when to describe something in existence, rather than mere points in space. It explains the workings of the universe
from both super-galactic and subatomic levels. Physical cosmology studies the motions of the celestial bodies in relation to the first cause (ie. primum movens) or the source of all-being.

In book 12 of Metaphysics, Aristotle spoke of something which moves without (itself) being
moved (by anything), and referred to being as motion. In quantum mechanics, a particle is described by a wave. Physiognomy is an evolving area of psychological research that describes a direct correlation between human gesture (or movement) and thought. Early twentieth-century Persian philosopher
Abdul-Baha mentioned that the reality of man is his thought, not his material body. Prediction systems apply models of the mind, or artificial neural networks and machine learning strategies, to use the recorded past with the present to anticipate the future. This article investigates existing
human and artificial psychic systems in hopes of identifying tools necessary in building a gesture prediction system. The relationship of intent to gesture and whether intent can be perceived without the evidence of gesture are two factors that must be tested.
Aesthetics of the radically enhanced human
Authors: Vita-More Natasha
Published: December 2010

Every artistic practice implies, either explicitly or implicitly, a metaphysical framework within which its specialized activity can be understood. In furthering communication and sensorial connections, telematic arts interface with computer systems, biotechnological arts interface
with biological systems, and sculpted prims interface with metaverse systems. In this article, I review artistic practices that engage preliminary aspects of human enhancement and, in some instances, begin to extend personal existence over space and time. Specifically, this article asks: what
is the perception of human enhancement that permeates these artistic works and gives them meaning? Answering this question suggests where artistic media of the cyborg, transhuman and posthuman are potentially headed.
Searching for love impossible
Authors: Ryu Semi
Published: December 2010

We live in layers of mixed realities with continuous conflicts, negotiation and becoming. I find it interesting to look at our situation as a continuous struggle in the fusion of virtual/actual presences, and machine/human. However, we seem to be far from understanding these relationships.
Maybe the problem lies in the questions themselves, promoting unidirectional preconceptions. By reversing the questions, we might be able to identify something that has been missing in previous discussions:

Can we talk about disconnection to further discuss connection?

Can we talk about
distancing to further discuss the process of becoming?

Can we talk about love impossible, to further discuss love?

This paradoxical journey would maintain us in the continuum of struggle and massive doubts, and encounter deep aspects of human being. In this article, I examine the Korean
cultural psyche called han in the context of a paradoxical state of consciousness and the story of love impossible, and argue that han is a driving force of transformative ritual in human consciousness. Beyond cultural boundaries, this article also positions han in a microscopic
view of contemporary life. han underlies paradoxical human relationships with objects, and with my virtual puppets, in the context of distance, disconnection and love impossible.
A reading on de-territorialization's works of art for the Internet: places, localities and the Internet as a territory
Authors: Sandoval R. Claudia
Published: December 2010

This article proposes to build up a relation between living conditions and the possibilities the Internet is offering to dream about new territories and transgressions. The Internet as the space to trespass physical frontiers; a media used for artists to question geo-political boundaries
and to create new meeting points.
Numeric Tessituras
Authors: Fraga Tania
Published: December 2010

This article presents research on assemblages among humans and computational systems in which physical and virtual autonomous processes occur in order to create artworks allowing the emergence of mixed sensory set-ups. It begins with triadic relationships computer, physical objects
and participants aimed at co-relations among bands of bots (virtual and physical) with groups of humans (interactors). The bots have a representation of the virtual world: physical bots live on a flat surface (Abbot 1991), a projection of the 3D environment where the virtual bots live. The
artwork also explores the metaphor of higher dimensions being understood through their projections in lower dimensions. Its goal is to weave interaction and autonomous processes, looking for poetic results integrating art, science and technology; results with aesthetic, poetic and functional
qualities; and results exploring emergency and agency for design, construction and set-up of expressive systems. For these symbioses to happen the assemblage of environments with aesthetic and poetic appeal leads one to think about mixed cognitive processes that provoke emergent behaviours.
I am interested in the behaviours emerged in such inter-relationships. Therefore, to achieve this goal, I have created a Java framework that allows me to program interfaces weaving such behaviors1 and also I have programmed a set of sketches using Processing2 to test the hypothesis. The main
inquiries of such research are as follows: What kind of artwork could mix people with autonomous computational processes without becoming invasive? and Is such a dichotomy possible? To answer these questions, I came up with the idea of playing with swarms and flock algorithms mixing virtual
and physical domains. Will this create the mixed behaviour I am looking for? Will the participants contribute with their actions, emotions and affects while the computer develops its own autonomous processes?
Trenchless Case History—University of Denver’s Use of High-Performance Restrained-Joint Water Distribution Pipe
Authors: Gross Steven B. , Tippets Brenden
Published: December 2010

The benefits of trenchless technology are well understood by all in our industry—more cost-effective and less disruptive to streets, driveways, and landscaping. However, what is often less clear to many engineers and city officials faced with a wide selection of materials and processes is just what type of pipe is best suited for a particular trenchless application. This paper will present the engineering considerations involved in selecting thermoplastic water distribution pipe for directional drilling projects, focusing on assembly considerations, structural and flow performance, pressure-handling capacity, joint integrity, and compatibility with existing systems. These concepts are illustrated by the experiences at the University of Denver, where trenchless technology was successfully utilized on an irrigation system in an area where conventional pipe installation techniques were determined to be unsatisfactory.
Malthus Reassessed
Authors: Eckhardt Robert B.
Published: December 2010

Michael Turner. Editor. Malthus and His Time. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1986. xx. 244 pp. $29.95 (cloth).
On the Funny Side of Society
Authors: Lee Alfred McClung
Published: December 2010

Marvin R. Koller. Humor and Society: Explorations in the Sociology of Humor. Houston, Texas: Cap and Gown Press, 1988. xiv. 338 pp. $28 95 (cloth).
Sperber Revisited: That Darned Dorze Dragon
Authors: Durrenberger E. Paul
Published: December 2010

Dan Sperber. On Anthropological Knowledge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985. 107 pp. $8.95 (paper).
Conquering Duppies in Kingston: Miss Tiny and Me, Fieldwork Conflicts, and Being Loved and Rescued
Authors: Ulysse Gina
Published: December 2010

This is an account of my relationship with Miss Tiny, an informal commercial importer, with whom I worked during my dissertation research project in Jamaica. Our interactions, always fraught with conflict, illustrate the nuances of personal and social negotiations that frame the data‐gathering process in the field. This narrative explores the contradictions that arise when using analytical tools and methods that fail to consider the intersections of race/color, class, and gender of the ethnographer and her subjects. This article also is a commentary on the dynamics of working with people like Miss Tiny who have been overstudied.
Book Reviews
Authors: Lattas Andrew
Published: December 2010

Kim Scott. Benang: From the Heart. South Fremantle, Australia: Fremantle Arts Centre Press, 1999. 430 pp.
A Meditation on Cazabon's East Indian Group
Authors: Angrosino Michael V.
Published: December 2010

Using concepts derived from the field of postcolonial studies, as well as insights gleaned from three decades of ethnographic fieldwork among the East Indians of Trinidad, the author, an anthropologist, analyzes East Indian Group, a watercolor by the 19th‐century Trinidadian artist Michel Jean Cazabon. The painting is seen as a textual example of a reflexive and resistant representation of the colonial Other.
“Socratic Therapy” from Aeschines of Sphettus to Lacan
Authors: Lampe Kurt
Published: December 2010

Recent research on “psychotherapy” in Greek philosophy has not been fully integrated into thinking about philosophy as a way of life molded by personal relationships. This article focuses on how the enigma of Socratic eros sustains a network of thought experiments in the fourth century BCE about interpersonal dynamics and psychical transformation. It supplements existing work on Plato's Symposium and Phaedrus with comparative material from Aeschines of Sphettus, Xenophon, and the dubiously Platonic Alcibiades I and Theages. In order to select and illuminate commonalities among all of these, it also draws critically upon Jacques Lacan's psychoanalytic technique and his numerous comparisons between Socrates and psychoanalysts. What emerges is a more complex and qualified but no less sincere appreciation for the ideal of reflective, cooperative aspiration toward Beauty portrayed in Plato's dialogues.
ΣϒPIΣKOΣ EΓPΦΣEN: Loaded Names, Artistic Identity, and Reading an Athenian Vase
Authors: Pevnick Seth D.
Published: December 2010

This paper examines the importance of artist names and artistic identity, especially as expressed in artist signatures, to the interpretation of ancient Greek pottery. Attention is focused on a calyx krater signed ΣϒPIΣKOΣ EΓPΦΣEN [sic], and it is argued that the non-Greek ethnikon used as artist name encourages a non-Athenian reading of the iconography. The painted labels for all six figures on this vase, together with parallels from other Athenian red-figure vases—including others from the Syriskos workshop—all suggest the presentation of an alternative, un-Athenian world view. Okeanos, Dionysos, and Epaphos are read as representing faraway lands at the edges of the Ge Panteleia, or “entire earth,” while the central figure of Themis, Greek personification of divine right, is depicted pouring a libation to Balos, the Hellenized form of the Syrian supreme god Baal, thereby recognizing his status as a supreme deity. Other overtly political messages have been read elsewhere in the oeuvre of the Syriskos Workshop, where it seems that at least two distinct artistic identities were at play—the explicitly foreign “little Syrian,” and the more conventional Pistoxenos, or “trustworthy foreigner.” When explicitly signed on vessels, these artistic identities necessarily sway interpretation, whereas on the many unsigned pieces, the viewer is left to consider which identity is at play.
The logoi of Philosophers in Lucian of Samosata
Authors: Schlapbach Karin
Published: December 2010

This paper explores Lucian's presentation of the philosopher as a creator of discourse. In particular, the paper argues that the lack of control over the discourse, once it is passed on, is at the core of Lucian's treatment of philosophers. An analysis of this eminently Platonic problem allows the interpretation both to go beyond the simplistic view that Lucian has no real philosophical interest at all but merely follows the Second Sophistic trend of subordinating philosophy to rhetoric, and to qualify the idea that the dissolution of the authorial voice represents a sense of rupture experienced on the margins of the Roman empire. More importantly, this approach opens up new possibilities to understand two portraits of philosophers in Lucian's oeuvre that stand out for their positive character, Nigrinus and Demonax. While the latter work depicts a philosopher who uses words sparingly, but ideally enables a cognitive progress in the interlocutor, the former—a portrait of a “Platonist”—stages the breakdown of philosophical teaching by focusing on the impact of the philosopher's discourse on an underprepared student. The paper argues that Lucian, while posing as a reader of Plato in shaping his characters, raises the question of whether Plato himself succeeded as a philosophical writer, or whether in Lucian's eyes Plato's success as a writer was perhaps also his failure as a philosopher. But rather than shaping his own texts in opposition to philosophy, Lucian, like Plato, explores untrodden literary ways of addressing the most fundamental of philosophical problems, namely philosophy's expression in language.
Domestic Poetics: Hippias' House in Achilles Tatius
Authors: Whitmarsh Tim
Published: December 2010

Other Greek novels open in poleis, before swiftly shunting their protagonists out of them and into the adventure world. Why does Achilles Tatius' Leucippe and Clitophon open in a house (with no sign of any political apparatus), and stay there for almost one quarter of the novel? This article explores the cultural, psychological, and metaliterary role of the house in Achilles, reading it as a site of conflict between the dominant, patriarchal ideology of the father and the subversive intent of the young lovers. If the house principally embodies the authoritarian will of the father to order and control, it nevertheless provides the lovers with opportunities to re-encode space opportunistically as erotic. The house cannot be reconstructed archaeologically (Clitophon is too flittish a narrator for that), but it is nevertheless clearly divided into different qualitative zones—diningroom, bedrooms, garden—each of which has its own psychosocial and emotional texture, its own challenges, and its own resources. Achilles' modelling of the house may reflect Roman ideas of domestic aristocratic display, and perhaps even the influence of Roman literature (particularly love elegy).
Education in Papua New Guinea: The Hidden Curriculum of a New Moral Order
Authors: Fife Wayne
Published: December 2010

IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA, parents' and students' expectations regarding the connection between education and the cash economy contradict the social and economic experience of adult life. Drawing on research from three urban‐oriented primary schools in the province of West New Britain, I show that teachers unknowingly promote a new moral order through the hidden curriculum of classroom instruction. This moral order celebrates the “modern life” of urban values and the cash economy at the expense of an agriculturally based, village way of life. The results include increasing numbers of dissatisfied parents and disaffected youth. [West New Britain, education, hidden curriculum, urban orientation, cash economy, moral order]
Folk vs. Urban Ideology: Political Culture and Change in an Inner London Borough
Authors: Mcleod James R.
Published: December 2010

THIS ARTICLE EXAMINES the importance of ideology in the political culture of a traditionally Labour‐controlled borough in the East End of London. The concepts of folk and elite ideology are used to explain the divergence between voter values and the elite political culture of the Labour Party in local council elections. Local–level ethnography of the political culture of the London borough of Thameside is used to illustrate the divergence between the Labour Party elite and the political community. A call is made for the ethnography of locallevel politics in urban micro–environments to examine issues of ideology and political legitimacy, [political culture, folk values, elite ideology, British Labour Party]
Hidden Truths and Unresolved Dilemmas: a Panel on Ethics and Research in the Urban Public Domain
Authors: Nelson Nancy L.
Published: December 2010

INTRODUCING THE ARTICLES on ethics in this volume, this paper identifies one issue common to them all—research ethics in the urban public domain. When one considers the multiple meanings associated with the word “public,” a variety of questions surface. To which “public” should the ethnographer respond? What is “public” and what is “private”? What if the people studied have no “private” space, or their lives have been deemed “public”? How should an anthropologist construct her own “public” identity? While all these issues arise in urban research settings, they also provide valuable insights for other areas of anthropology.
“Unit Pride”: Public Events and the Construction of Community
Authors: Birenbaum–Carmeli Daphna
Published: December 2010

This article explores the impact of public events on the development of a Tel Aviv neighborhood. The events were structured as egalitarian: They involved no financial expenditures and avoided ethnic or political issues. Tracing four events, the paper illustrates the gradual crystallization of a local image until it became a resource, sought by both the public and business entrepreneurs. The paper is based on a three–year fieldwork project (1988–1991) in the neighborhood, hereafter called Givat Narkis, and on a local survey conducted in late 1990. [Public events, gentrification, Tel Aviv, Israel]
Controlling Space, Essentializing Identities: Jews in Contemporary Casablanca
Authors: Levy André
Published: December 2010

Conceptions of urban space and the daily practices within it, typically demarcate city spaces as “go” and “no go,” as an integral part of the cultural construction of social enclaves. In contrast to studies that demonstrate how powerful social segments utilize cultural demarcations of space as mechanisms of exclusion, this essay shows how spatial demarcations serve, instead, to promote self‐preservation for a politically feeble and marginalized ethnic minority. The case of contemporary Casablancan Jews reveals the underlying logic of the self–enclosure of a politically weak ethnic group undergoing continuous demographic decline. [Ethnic identity, urban space, Jews, Casablanca]
On Being Native and Homeless on the Streets of Montréal
Authors: Glasser Irene
Published: December 2010

Film: No Address, Time: 55 minutes, 58 seconds, Director: Alanis Obomsawin. Producers: Alanis Obomsawin. Marrin Canell. Distributor: National Film Board of Canada
“The City that We Desire” after 2000: Political Participation and the Construction of an Urban Image in Vitória, Brazil
Authors: Banck Geert A.
Published: December 2010

The essay examines the 1996 strategic plan for the Brazilian city of Vitoria by placing it within the context of the city's history, selfrepresentation, regional political culture and the growing impact of globalization. After presenting data on some policy documents which preceded the 1996 plan, the latter itself is analyzed. Attention is given to the role of popular participation in the decision–making process for the plan. The main focus is, however, on the symbolic messages of the plan as they relate to the likely future of the city by the year 2010. [Brazil, city planning, globalization, political participation, urban identity]
Circulating levels of IGF1 are associated with muscle strength in middle-aged- and oldest-old women
Authors: Taekema Diana G , Ling Carolina H Y , Blauw Gerard Jan , Meskers Carel G , Westendorp Rudi G J , de Craen Anton J M , Maier Andrea B
Published: December 2010

Objective

In aging populations, poor handgrip strength has been associated with physical disability and mortality. IGF1 is an important mediator of muscle growth and regeneration affecting muscle function. We studied the relationship between circulating levels of IGF1, its binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), and handgrip strength and physical performance in middle-aged- and oldest-old subjects.

Design

Cross-sectional analysis in two different cohorts composed of middle-aged- (n=672, mean 63.9±6.7 years) and oldest-old subjects (n=272, all 89 years).

Methods

Handgrip strength, functional performance and ability, and serum levels of IGF1 and IGFBP3 were measured in all subjects and analyzed by linear regression for men and women separately.

Results

IGF1 and IGFBP3 levels declined with chronological age and were positively associated with handgrip strength in middle-aged- and oldest-old women (both, P<0.05), but not in men of either age group. Furthermore, higher serum levels of IGF1 were associated with slower walking speed in oldest-old men (P=0.012), and serum levels of IGFBP3 were positively associated with activities of daily living in the oldest-old women (P=0.002).

Conclusion

The significant relationship between IGF1 levels and muscle strength found in women but not in men suggests a gender-specific influence of IGF1 on muscle strength. Further studies are necessary to test the relationship with physical performance.
Cobertura vacinal em menores de dois anos a partir de registro informatizado de imunização em Curitiba, PR
Authors: Luhm Karin Regina , Cardoso Maria Regina Alves , Waldman Eliseu Alves
Published: December 2010

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o programa de imunização de crianças de 12 e de 24 meses de idade, com base no registro informatizado de imunização. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo em amostra probabilística de 2.637 crianças nascidas em 2002 e residentes em Curitiba, PR. As fontes de dados foram: registro informatizado de imunização do município, Sistema de Informação de Nascidos Vivos e inquérito domiciliar para casos com registro incompleto. As coberturas foram estimadas aos 12 e aos 24 meses de vida e analisadas segundo características socioeconômicas de cada distrito sanitário e o vínculo das crianças aos serviços de saúde. Foram analisadas a abrangência, completude e duplicidades do registro informatizado de imunização. RESULTADOS: A cobertura do esquema de imunização foi de 95,3% aos 12 meses sem diferenças entre os distritos e de 90,3% aos 24 meses, tendo sido mais elevada em um distrito com piores indicadores socioeconômicos (p = 0,01). A proporção de vacinas, segundo o tipo, aplicadas antes e após a idade recomendada foi de até 0,9% e até 32,2%, respectivamente. A cobertura do registro informatizado de imunização foi de 98% na amostra estudada, o sub-registro de doses de vacinas foi de 11% e a duplicidade de registro foi de 20,6%. Os grupos que apresentaram maiores coberturas foram: crianças com cadastro definitivo, aquelas com três ou mais consultas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde e as atendidas em Unidades Básicas de Saúde que adotam plenamente a Estratégia de Saúde da Família. CONCLUSÕES: A cobertura vacinal em Curitiba mostrou-se elevada e homogênea entre os distritos, e o vínculo com os serviços de saúde foi fator importante para tais resultados. O registro informatizado de imunização mostrou-se útil no monitoramento da cobertura vacinal; no entanto, é importante a prévia avaliação do seu custo-efetividade para que seja amplamente utilizado pelo Programa Nacional de Imunização.
Factores associados à hipertensão arterial nos utentes de farmácias em Portugal
Authors: Oliveira-Martins Sofia de , Oliveira Tiago , Gomes João J F , Caramona Margarida , Cabrita José
Published: December 2010

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência, tratamento e controlo da hipertensão e identificar factores associados em utentes de farmácias comunitárias. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 1.042 utentes de 40 a 65 anos em 60 farmácias comunitárias de Portugal Continental entre outubro de 2005 e janeiro de 2006. Os dados foram obtidos pela aplicação de questionário e medição de parâmetros biológicos. Foram realizadas três regressões logísticas sequenciais para verificar associação entre as variáveis. RESULTADOS: A idade média foi de 53,7 anos e a razão homem/mulher foi 0,68. A prevalência da hipertensão arterial foi de 54,8%. Cerca de 70% dos hipertensos encontravam-se sob tratamento anti-hipertensivo e, destes, 47,7% estavam controlados. A hipertensão esteve positivamente associada à idade mais elevada, sexo masculino, ser casado, apresentar índice de massa corporal e nível de colesterol total mais alto, ser diabético, ter doença cardiovascular pessoal ou familiar precoce e reportar mais consultas médicas por ano. A hipertensão tratada mostrou-se positivamente associada a ser mulher, não casado, ser diabético, viver numa área urbana e reportar mais de três consultas médicas por ano. Nos hipertensos tratados, estar controlado foi positivamente associado a ter comportamento aderente à terapêutica anti-hipertensiva (auto-reporte), percepcionar o efeito desta medicação e ser de baixo risco cardiovascular. Os modelos preditivos apresentaram áreas sob as respectivas curvas ROC entre 0,72 e 0,78, com capacidade discriminatória aceitável. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência da hipertensão foi elevada, mas similar à encontrada em outros estudos realizados em Portugal. A proporção de doentes tratados foi satisfatória, em contraste com o nível insuficiente de controlo.
Coming of Age: Breast Cancer in Seniors
Authors: Muss Hyman B.
Published: December 2010

In the U.S., cancer is a disease of aging. The average 65-year-old patient has an anticipated life expectancy of 20 years, and clinicians should take this into account when making breast cancer management decisions. However, older breast cancer patients can present with wide variations in health status, and treatment in older patients should therefore include a careful evaluation of comorbidities, physical function, polypharmacy, and other issues that could potentially impact a patient's ability to undergo chemotherapy without excessive risk. Evaluation tools are under development, including potential molecular markers, to identify which older patients are the best candidates for chemotherapy, as well as those more susceptible to actually developing cancer. Standard chemotherapy regimens are just as effective in older patients as they are in the younger population, and can substantially prolong life expectancy when used in the right patients. This article discusses breast cancer in seniors, including the epidemiology of breast cancer in these patients, the potential impact of comorbidities, and effective adjuvant therapy in selected older patients.
Equicrestal and Subcrestal Dental Implants: A Histologic and Histomorphometric Evaluation of Nine Retrieved Human Implants
Authors: Degidi Marco , Perrotti Vittoria , Shibli Jamil A. , Novaes Arthur B. , Piattelli Adriano , Iezzi Giovanna
Published: December 2010

Background: Stability of peri‐implant crestal bone plays a relevant role relative to the presence or absence of interdental papilla. Several factors can contribute to the crestal bone resorption observed around two‐piece implants, such as the presence of a microgap at the level of the implant–abutment junction, the type of connection between implant and prosthetic components, the implant positioning relative to the alveolar crest, and the interimplant distance. Subcrestal positioning of dental implants has been proposed to decrease the risk of exposure of the metal of the top of the implant or of the abutment margin, and to get enough space in a vertical dimension to create a harmoniously esthetic emergence profile.

Methods: The present retrospective histologic study was performed to evaluate dental implants retrieved from human jaws that had been inserted in an equicrestal or subcrestal position. A total of nine implants were evaluated: five of these had been inserted in an equicrestal position, whereas the other four had been positioned subcrestally (1 to 3 mm).

Results: In all subcrestally placed implants, preexisting and newly formed bone was found over the implant shoulder. In the equicrestal implants, crestal bone resorption (0.5 to 1.5 mm) was present around all implants.

Conclusion: The subcrestal position of the implants resulted in bone located above the implant shoulder.
A Psychometric Study of the Community Service Self-Efficacy Scale for Evaluation of Service-Learning Programs
Authors: Bai Haiyan , Stewart Trae
Published: December 2010

This study cross-validated the psychometric properties of the 10-item Community Service Self-Efficacy Scale (CSSES) for evaluation of service-learning programs. Three independent samples consisting of undergraduate students and high school students were used to study the validity of the scale. An exploratory factor analysis on the scale yielded strong construct validity with a clear one-factor structure. The results from a confirmatory factor analysis indicated an excellent one-factor model fit. The internal consistency (>.89) and positive discrimination power of the scale also indicated that CSSES is a psychometrically reliable and valid instrument for evaluation of service-learning programs or research in this area for increasing community service engagement of both high school and college students.
Intercultural Professional Development within a Virtual Learning Community
Authors: Carroll Mike , Britton Alan , Barr Ian
Published: December 2010

This article is an evaluation of the journey undertaken by participants on the Continuing Intercultural Professional Development in Europe (CIPDE) project, 2007–2009. The project provided participants with opportunities for online learning in order to facilitate reflection on practice and educational contexts. The contention is that the co-construction of shared meanings lies at the very heart of the process of intercultural learning, creating a shared culture of ideas. The article examines the participants' views on the impact of the project on their own learning. It also provides some insights as to the strengths and limitations of online learning across national boundaries.
Individual differences in wild (WWCPS) rat — manifested in the exploration box
Authors: Pisula Wojciech
Published: December 2010

Individual differences in wild (WWCPS) rat — manifested in the exploration box

Thirty nine WWCPS rats were tested in the exploration box throughout fifteen sessions. Factor analysis was run to extract the main dimensions describing rat behavior. Two factors were extracted, confirming the validity of the concept of two dimensional structure of individual differences in rats. Hierarchical cluster analysis run on factor scores showed that only three out of a possible four types of factor combinations are actually present within observed group of animals. In terms of individual differences structure, the study provide support for the view that laboratory rats are still rats.
Triplet superfluidity in neutron matter with Skyrme forces at subnuclear and supranuclear densities in a strong magnetic field
Authors: Tarasov Alexander
Published: December 2010

Within a generalized non-relativistic Fermi-liquid approach we have found general analytical formulae for phase-transition temperatures T
c,1(n, H) and T
c,2(n, H) (which are nonlinear functions of density, n, and linear of magnetic field, H) for phase transitions in spatially uniform, dense, pure neutron matter from normal to superfluid states with spin-triplet p-wave pairing (similar to anisotropic superfluid phases 3He - A1 and 3He - A2) in steady and homogeneous sufficiently strong magnetic field (but |µn|H ≪ E
c < ɛ
F(n), where µn is the magnetic dipole moment of a neutron, E
c is the cutoff energy and ɛ
F(n)is the Fermi energy in neutron matter). General formulae for T
c,1,2(n,H) are valid for arbitrary parameterization of the effective Skyrme forces in neutron matter. We have used for definiteness the so-called SLy2, Gs and RATP parameterizations of the Skyrme forces with different exponents in their power dependence on density n (at sub- and supranuclear densities) from the interval 0.7 n
0 ≲ n < n
c(Skyrme)< 2 n
0, where n
0 =0.17 fm−3 is the nuclear density and n
c(Skyrme)is the the critical density of the ferromagnetic instability in superfluid neutron matter. These phase transitions might exist in the liquid outer core of magnetized neutron stars.
Remarks on theoretical modelling of spin-dependent electronic transport in carbon nanotubes and graphene
Authors: Krompiewski Stefan
Published: December 2010

This contribution reports on charge and spin transport through graphene nanoribbons (GrNs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The paper focuses on the giant magnetoresistance effect in these materials, and their potential usefulness for spintronic applications. As examples, the following devices are shortly discussed: GrNs in the ballistic transport regime, a CNT-based Schottky-barrier field effect transistor (CNT SB-FET), as well as CNT quantum dots in the Coulomb blockade limit.
Identification of the heat transfer coefficient in phase change problems
Authors: Słota Damian
Published: December 2010

Identification of the heat transfer coefficient in phase change problems

In this paper, an algorithm will be presented that enables solving the two-phase inverse Stefan problem, where the additional information consists of temperature measurements in selected points of the solid phase. The problem consists in the reconstruction of the function describing the heat transfer coefficient, so that the temperature in the given points of the solid phase would differ as little as possible from the predefined values. The featured examples of calculations show a very good approximation of the exact solution and stability of the algorithm.
Application of evaluationary approach to thermo-mechanical optimization of gas turbine airfoil cooling configuration
Authors: Nowak Grzegorz
Published: December 2010

Application of evaluationary approach to thermo-mechanical optimization of gas turbine airfoil cooling configuration

Cooling of the hot gas path components plays a key role in modern gas turbines. It allows, due to efficiency reasons, to operate the machines with temperature exceeding components' melting point. The cooling system however brings about some disadvantages as well. If so, we need to enforce the positive effects of cooling and diminish the drawbacks, which influence the reliability of components and the whole machine. To solve such a task we have to perform an optimization which makes it possible to reach the desired goal. The task is approached in the 3D configuration. The search process is performed by means of the evolutionary approach with floatingpoint representation of design variables. Each cooling structure candidate is evaluated on the basis of thermo-mechanical FEM computations done with Ansys via automatically generated script file. These computations are parallelized. The results are compared with the reference case which is the C3X airfoil and they show a potential stored in the cooling system. Appropriate passage distribution makes it possible to improve the operation condition for highly loaded components. Application of evolutionary approach, although most suitable for such problems, is time consuming, so more advanced approach (Conjugate Heat Transfer) requires huge computational power. The analysis is based on original procedure which involves optimization of size and location of internal cooling passages of cylindrical shape within the airfoil. All the channels can freely move within the airfoil cross section and also their number can change. Such a procedure is original.
Mathematical modelling of heat transfer in liquid flat-plate solar collector tubes
Authors: Zima Wiesław , Dziewa Piotr
Published: December 2010

Mathematical modelling of heat transfer in liquid flat-plate solar collector tubes

The paper presents a one-dimensional mathematical model for simulating the transient processes which occur in the liquid flat-plate solar collector tubes. The proposed method considers the model of collector tube as one with distributed parameters. In the suggested method one tube of the collector is taken into consideration. In this model the boundary conditions can be time-dependent. The proposed model is based on solving the equation describing the energy conservation on the fluid side. The temperature of the collector tube wall is determined from the equation of transient heat conduction. The derived differential equations are solved using the implicit finite difference method of iterative character. All thermo-physical properties of the operating fluid and the material of the tube wall can be computed in real time. The time-spatial heat transfer coefficient at the working fluid side can be also computed on-line. The proposed model is suitable for collectors working in a parallel or serpentine tube arrangement. As an illustration of accuracy and effectiveness of the suggested method the computational verification was carried out. It consists in comparing the results found using the presented method with results of available analytic solutions for transient operating conditions. Two numerical analyses were performed: for the tube with temperature step function of the fluid at the inlet and for the tube with heat flux step function on the outer surface. In both cases the conformity of results was very good. It should be noted, that in real conditions such rapid changes of the fluid temperature and the heat flux of solar radiation, as it was assumed in the presented computational verification, do not occur. The paper presents the first part of the study, which aim is to develop a mathematical model for simulating the transient processes which occur in liquid flat-plate solar collectors. The experimental verification of the method is a second part of the study and is not presented in this paper. In order to perform this verification, the mathematical model would be completed with additional energy conservation equations. The experimental verification will be carry out in the close future.
Absorption and adsorption chillers applied to air conditioning systems
Authors: Kuczyńska Agnieszka , Szaflik Władysław
Published: December 2010

Absorption and adsorption chillers applied to air conditioning systems

This work presents an application possibility of sorption refrigerators driven by low temperature fluid for air conditioning of buildings. Thermodynamic models were formulated and absorption LiBr-water chiller with 10 kW cooling power as well as adsorption chiller with silica gel bed were investigated. Both of them are using water for desorption process with temperatureTdes= 80 °C. Coefficient of performance (COP) for both cooling cycles was analyzed in the same conditions of the driving heat source, cooling waterTc= 25 °C and temperature in evaporatorTevap= 5 °C. In this study, the computer software EES was used to investigate the performance of absorption heat pump system and its behaviour in configuration with geothermal heat source.
Loss coefficients of ice slurry in sudden pipe contractions
Authors: Mika Łukasz
Published: December 2010

Loss coefficients of ice slurry in sudden pipe contractions

In this paper, flow systems which are commonly used in fittings elements such as contractions in ice slurry pipelines, are experimentally investigated. In the study reported in this paper, the consideration was given to the specific features of the ice slurry flow in which the flow behaviour depends mainly on the volume fraction of solid particles. The results of the experimental studies on the flow resistance, presented herein, enabled to determine the loss coefficient during the ice slurry flow through the sudden pipe contraction. The mass fraction of solid particles in the slurry ranged from 5 to 30%. The experimental studies were conducted on a few variants of the most common contractions of copper pipes: 28/22 mm, 28/18 mm, 28/15 mm, 22/18 mm, 22/15 mm and 18/15 mm. The recommended (with respect to minimal flow resistance) range of the Reynolds number (Re about 3000-4000) for the ice slurry flow through sudden contractions was presented in this paper.