bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vagal flexibility to negative emotions moderates the relations between environmental risk and adjustment problems in childhood
Authors: Ugarte Elisa , Miller Jonas G. , Weissman David G. , Hastings Paul D.
Published: December 2021

Neurobiological and social-contextual influences shape children’s adjustment, yet limited biopsychosocial studies have integrated temporal features when modeling physiological regulation of emotion. This study explored whether a common underlying pattern of non-linear change in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) across emotional scenarios characterized 4–6 year-old children’s parasympathetic reactivity (N = 180). Additionally, we tested whether dynamic RSA reactivity was an index of neurobiological susceptibility or a diathesis in the association between socioeconomic status, authoritarian parenting, and the development of externalizing problems (EP) and internalizing problems over two years. There was a shared RSA pattern across all emotions, characterized by more initial RSA suppression and a subsequent return toward baseline, which we call vagal flexibility (VF). VF interacted with parenting to predict EP. More authoritarian parenting predicted increased EP two years later only when VF was low; conversely, when VF was very high, authoritarian mothers reported that their children had fewer EP. Altogether, children’s patterns of dynamic RSA change to negative emotions can be characterized by a higher order factor, and the nature by which VF contributes to EP depends on maternal socialization practices, with low VF augmenting and high VF buffering children against the effects of authoritarian parenting.
The Long-Term Struggle for Violence against Women Legislation: The Guatemalan Women's Movement and the Politics of Patience
Authors: Beck Erin
Published: December 2021

A scholarly consensus depicts strong, autonomous domestic women's movements as critical for the passage of gender equality reforms, alongside openings in domestic and international political contexts. What, then, is a nascent women's movement seeking gender equality reforms to do if it lacks strength or a history of autonomous organizing? A long-term analysis of the Guatemalan women's movement's push for reforms to address violence against women demonstrates that one potential road forward is through a “politics of patience,” rooted in the pursuit of cumulative, incremental victories. Adopting a politics of patience allows nascent domestic movements in developing and post-transition contexts to achieve incremental victories that create future political openings while simultaneously building movement strength and autonomy over time. This finding highlights the temporal and strategic power of women's movements, as well as the iterative and potentially reinforcing nature of social mobilization and political reform.
Student Motivation in the Latin Classroom
Authors: Baglio Kellie J.
Published: December 2021

It has been argued that learning a second language requires more self-motivation than other courses (Horwitz, 1995). This article reviews literature on motivation in foreign language classrooms and discusses reasons for the lack of motivation among students in second language classes. Particular attention will be given to addressing reasons why students in Latin classrooms may have less motivation than in other classes. Specifically, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation will be discussed in terms of a Latin classroom. Additionally, this article will discuss what steps can be taken by the teacher to increase motivation and engagement through gameplay, creating a safe space to make mistakes, and turning extrinsic motivation into intrinsic motivation.
Quasi‐Two‐Day Waves in the Northern Hemisphere Observed by TIMED/SABER Measurements During 2002–2019
Authors: Gu Sheng‐Yang , Tang Liang , Hou Xin , Zhao Han , Teng Chen‐Ke‐Min , Dou Xiankang
Published: December 2021

The quasi‐two‐day waves (QTDWs) with westward‐propagating wavenumbers 2 (W2), 3 (W3), and 4 (W4) during the boreal summers were statistically examined using TIMED/SABER temperature observation datasets during 2002–2019 with a 6‐day two‐dimensional least‐squares fitting window. The W4 (W3) and W2 QTDWs were observed at ∼67–73 km and ∼30–40°N, and ∼89–95 km and ∼20–30°N, respectively. The W4 mode occurred 57 times over the past 18 years compared to 43 (52) times for the W3 (W2) QTDWs. The W4 QTDW reached maximum amplitudes of ∼9–10 K during 2006, 2009, and 2017, whereas W3 and W2 QTDWs attained maximum amplitudes of ∼8 K during 2017 and 2012. In addition, W4, W3, and W2 occurred more frequently with periods of 41–44 hr, 47–53 hr, and 44–50 hr, respectively. QTDW events with longer periods took place later than those events with shorter periods. Statistically, the W4 (W2) QTDW events were significantly more frequent during days 195–210 (165–180). In contrast, the W3 QTDW tended to occur during days 180–195 but was only slightly less frequent during days 195–210 and 210–225. Diagnostic analysis of the modern‐era retrospective analysis for research and applications ‐2 reanalysis dataset indicates that the attribution variations of the QTDWs, including their amplitudes and periods, were intimately related to the corresponding variabilities of the background zonal wind.
Enhanced Turbulence in the Upper Mixed Layer Under Light Winds and Heating: Implications for Gas Fluxes
Authors: MacIntyre Sally , Amaral J. H. F. , Melack J. M.
Published: December 2021

Measurements of turbulence, as rate of dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy (ε), adjacent to the air‐water interface are rare but essential for understanding of gas transfer velocities (k) used to compute fluxes of greenhouse gases. Variability in ε is expected over diel cycles of stratification and mixing. Monin‐Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) predicts an enhancement in ε during heating (buoyancy flux, β+) relative to that for shear (u*w3/κz where u*w is water friction velocity, κ is von Karman constant, z is depth). To verify and expand predictions, we quantified ε in the upper 0.25 m and below from profiles of temperature‐gradient microstructure in combination with time series meteorology and temperature in a tropical reservoir for winds <4 m s−1. Maximum likelihood estimates of near‐surface ε during heating were independent of wind speed and high, ∼5 × 10−6 m2 s−3, up to three orders of magnitude higher than predictions from u*w3/κz, increased with heating, and were ∼10 times higher than during cooling. k, estimated using near‐surface ε, was ∼10 cm hr−1, validated with k obtained from chamber measurements, and 2–5 times higher than computed from wind‐based models. The flux Richardson number (Rf) varied from ∼0.4 to ∼0.001 with a median value of 0.04 in the upper 0.25 m, less than the critical value of 0.2. We extend MOST by incorporating the variability in Rf when scaling the influence of β+ relative to u*w3/κz in estimates of ε, and by extension, k, obtained from time series meteorological and temperature data.
Scale Factors of the Thermospheric Density: A Comparison of Satellite Laser Ranging and Accelerometer Solutions
Authors: Zeitler Lea , Corbin Armin , Vielberg Kristin , Rudenko Sergei , Löcher Anno , Bloßfeld Mathis , Schmidt Michael , Kusche Jürgen
Published: December 2021

A major problem in the precise orbit determination (POD) of satellites at altitudes below 1,000 km is the modeling of the aerodynamic drag which mainly depends on the thermospheric density and causes the largest non‐gravitational acceleration. Typically, empirical thermosphere models are used to calculate density values at satellite positions but current thermosphere models cannot provide the required accuracy. Thus, unaccounted variations in the thermospheric density may lead to significantly incorrect satellite positions. For the first time, we bring together thermospheric density corrections for the NRLMSISE‐00 model in terms of scale factors with a temporal resolution of 12 hr derived from satellite laser ranging (SLR) and accelerometer measurements. Whereas, the latter are in situ information given along the satellite orbit, SLR results have to be interpreted as mean values along the orbit within the underlying time interval. From their comparison, we notice a rather similar behavior with correlations of up to 80% and more depending on altitude. During high solar activity, scale factors vary around 30% at low solar activity and up to 70% at high solar activity from the value one. In addition, we found the scaled thermospheric density decreasing stronger as the modeled density of NRLMSISE‐00. To check the reliability of the SLR‐derived scale factors, we compare the POD result of two different software packages, namely DOGS‐OC from DGFI‐TUM and GROOPS from IGG Bonn. Furthermore, a validation of our estimated scale factors with respect to an external data set proofs the high quality of the obtained results.
Roles of the M‐I Coupling and Plasma Sheet Dissipation on the Growth‐Phase Thinning and Subsequent Transition to the Onset
Authors: Tanaka T. , Ebihara Y. , Watanabe M. , Den M. , Fujita S. , Kikuchi T. , Hashimoto K. K. , Nishitani N. , Kataoka R.
Published: December 2021

The plasma‐sheet dynamics leading to the substorm onset is analyzed from a global simulation. We calculated three cases, the normal (case 1), reduced magnetosphere‐ionosphere (M‐I) coupling (case 2) and reduced tail dissipation (case 3). The normal solution reproduces the thinning, reconnection, tail flow, and the dipolarization in the magnetosphere, and the AU/AL, the initial brightening, the beads, the pre‐onset arc, and the poleward expansion in the ionosphere. Case 2 shows that the M‐I coupling promotes the thinning by evacuating magnetic field from the plasma sheet. Case 3 shows that it is implausible to reproduce the AU/AL of the expansion phase only with numerical dissipation. The projection area of the growth phase plasma sheet is so narrow that the quiet arcs on the high‐latitude side are projected to the lobe. The key point to understand such narrow projection is to consider the origin of the field‐aligned current (FAC). The FAC occurs to transmit motion, and particle precipitation is the consequence. The upward FACs for the quiet arc and initial brightening, which produce the substorm sequence, are generated to transmit enhanced convection from the magnetosphere to the ionosphere. The substorm onset is the transmission of the convection transient. The onset FAC is generated by the near‐earth dynamo. Before the onset, a two‐stage reconnection occurs at the medium‐tail (MTNL) and the near‐earth (NENL) neutral lines through retreating nulls. The accompanying flow explains the model that assumes two causal areas for the onset in the near‐earth and middle tails.
Turning Instrument Background Into Science Data for Structural Features of Radiation Belts
Authors: Ganushkina N. Yu. , Dandouras I. , Liemohn M. W. , Rème H. , Cao J.
Published: December 2021

Approaches regarding how to turn the instrument background counts into scientifically valuable data are presented in this Technical Report on Methods. The background counts due to penetrating energetic particles of radiation belts detected on Cluster CIS HIA and CODIF instruments and the Double Star HIA instrument are used in these approaches. In HIA spectrograms, the background counts are seen simultaneously in all energy channels marking the entry and exit of the radiation belts by the spacecraft, therefore, the locations of the boundaries of the outer and inner belts can be determined. In the case when HIA measurements are not readily available, a new method is proposed in which supplementary data streams within the CODIF telemetry is exploited. It employs separate counts that register “start,” “stop,” and “non‐valid” signals increasing in the presence of penetrating particles even when no corresponding increase are shown in the energy‐time spectrograms. The locations of the radiation belt boundaries are defined by following the changes in counts gradients with time and visual inspection of all the available measurements. The July–August 2007 and September–October 2012 time periods are analyzed for method demonstration on a presence of a third radiation belt, or storage ring.
NMDAR1 autoantibodies amplify behavioral phenotypes of genetic white matter inflammation: a mild encephalitis model with neuropsychiatric relevance
Authors: Arinrad Sahab , Wilke Justus B. H. , Seelbach Anna , Doeren José , Hindermann Martin , Butt Umer Javed , Steixner-Kumar Agnes A. , Spieth Lena , Ronnenberg Anja , Pan Hong , Berghoff Stefan A. , Hollmann Michael , Lühder Fred , Nave Klaus-Armin , Bechter Karl , Ehrenreich Hannelore
Published: December 2021

Encephalitis has an estimated prevalence of ≤0.01%. Even with extensive diagnostic work-up, an infectious etiology is identified or suspected in <50% of cases, suggesting a role for etiologically unclear, noninfectious processes. Mild encephalitis runs frequently unnoticed, despite slight neuroinflammation detectable postmortem in many neuropsychiatric illnesses. A widely unexplored field in humans, though clearly documented in rodents, is genetic brain inflammation, particularly that associated with myelin abnormalities, inducing primary white matter encephalitis. We hypothesized that “autoimmune encephalitides” may result from any brain inflammation concurring with the presence of brain antigen-directed autoantibodies, e.g., against N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor NR1 (NMDAR1-AB), which are not causal of, but may considerably shape the encephalitis phenotype. We therefore immunized young female Cnp−/− mice lacking the structural myelin protein 2′-3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase (Cnp) with a “cocktail” of NMDAR1 peptides. Cnp−/− mice exhibit early low-grade inflammation of white matter tracts and blood–brain barrier disruption. Our novel mental-time-travel test disclosed that Cnp−/− mice are compromised in what–where–when orientation, but this episodic memory readout was not further deteriorated by NMDAR1-AB. In contrast, comparing wild-type and Cnp−/− mice without/with NMDAR1-AB regarding hippocampal learning/memory and motor balance/coordination revealed distinct stair patterns of behavioral pathology. To elucidate a potential contribution of oligodendroglial NMDAR downregulation to NMDAR1-AB effects, we generated conditional NR1 knockout mice. These mice displayed normal Morris water maze and mental-time-travel, but beam balance performance was similar to immunized Cnp−/−. Immunohistochemistry confirmed neuroinflammation/neurodegeneration in Cnp−/− mice, yet without add-on effect of NMDAR1-AB. To conclude, genetic brain inflammation may explain an encephalitic component underlying autoimmune conditions.
Diverse ecophysiological adaptations of subsurface Thaumarchaeota in floodplain sediments revealed through genome-resolved metagenomics
Authors: Reji Linta , Cardarelli Emily L , Boye Kristin , Bargar John R , Francis Christopher A
Published: December 2021

The terrestrial subsurface microbiome contains vastly underexplored phylogenetic diversity and metabolic novelty, with critical implications for global biogeochemical cycling. Among the key microbial inhabitants of subsurface soils and sediments are Thaumarchaeota, an archaeal phylum that encompasses ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) as well as non-ammonia-oxidizing basal lineages. Thaumarchaeal ecology in terrestrial systems has been extensively characterized, particularly in the case of AOA. However, there is little knowledge on the diversity and ecophysiology of Thaumarchaeota in deeper soils, as most lineages, particularly basal groups, remain uncultivated and underexplored. Here we use genome-resolved metagenomics to examine the phylogenetic and metabolic diversity of Thaumarchaeota along a 234 cm depth profile of hydrologically variable riparian floodplain sediments in the Wind River Basin near Riverton, Wyoming. Phylogenomic analysis of the metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) indicates a shift in AOA population structure from the dominance of the terrestrial Nitrososphaerales lineage in the well-drained top ~100 cm of the profile to the typically marine Nitrosopumilales in deeper, moister, more energy-limited sediment layers. We also describe two deeply rooting non-AOA MAGs with numerous unexpected metabolic features, including the reductive acetyl-CoA (Wood-Ljungdahl) pathway, tetrathionate respiration, a form III RuBisCO, and the potential for extracellular electron transfer. These MAGs also harbor tungsten-containing aldehyde:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, group 4f [NiFe]-hydrogenases and a canonical heme catalase, typically not found in Thaumarchaeota. Our results suggest that hydrological variables, particularly proximity to the water table, impart a strong control on the ecophysiology of Thaumarchaeota in alluvial sediments.
Adipose tissue dysfunction, inflammation, and insulin resistance: alternative pathways to cardiac remodelling in schizophrenia. A multimodal, case–control study
Authors: Osimo Emanuele F. , Sweeney Mark , de Marvao Antonio , Berry Alaine , Statton Ben , Perry Benjamin I. , Pillinger Toby , Whitehurst Thomas , Cook Stuart A. , O’Regan Declan P. , Thomas E. Louise , Howes Oliver D.
Published: December 2021

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in schizophrenia. Patients with schizophrenia show evidence of concentric cardiac remodelling (CCR), defined as an increase in left-ventricular mass over end-diastolic volumes. CCR is a predictor of cardiac disease, but the molecular pathways leading to this in schizophrenia are unknown. We aimed to explore the relevance of hypertensive and non-hypertensive pathways to CCR and their potential molecular underpinnings in schizophrenia. In this multimodal case–control study, we collected cardiac and whole-body fat magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), clinical measures, and blood levels of several cardiometabolic biomarkers known to potentially cause CCR from individuals with schizophrenia, alongside healthy controls (HCs) matched for age, sex, ethnicity, and body surface area. Of the 50 participants, 34 (68%) were male. Participants with schizophrenia showed increases in cardiac concentricity (d = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.12, 1.30; p = 0.01), indicative of CCR, but showed no differences in overall content or regional distribution of adipose tissue compared to HCs. Despite the cardiac changes, participants with schizophrenia did not demonstrate activation of the hypertensive CCR pathway; however, they showed evidence of adipose dysfunction: adiponectin was reduced (d = −0.69, 95% CI: −1.28, −0.10; p = 0.02), with evidence of activation of downstream pathways, including hypertriglyceridemia, elevated C-reactive protein, fasting glucose, and alkaline phosphatase. In conclusion, people with schizophrenia showed adipose tissue dysfunction compared to body mass-matched HCs. The presence of non-hypertensive CCR and a dysmetabolic phenotype may contribute to excess cardiovascular risk in schizophrenia. If our results are confirmed, acting on this pathway could reduce cardiovascular risk and resultant life-years lost in people with schizophrenia.
30 year experience of index case identification and outcomes of cascade testing in high-risk breast and colorectal cancer predisposition genes
Authors: Woodward Emma R. , Green Kate , Burghel George J. , Bulman Michael , Clancy Tara , Lalloo Fiona , Schlecht Helene , Wallace Andrew J. , Evans D. Gareth
Published: December 2021

It is 30 years since the first diagnostic cancer predisposition gene (CPG) test in the Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine (MCGM), providing opportunities for cancer prevention, early detection and targeted treatments in index cases and at-risk family members. Here, we present time trends (1990–2020) of identification of index cases with a germline CPG variant and numbers of subsequent cascade tests, for 15 high-risk breast and gastro-intestinal tract cancer-associated CPGs: BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, PTEN, TP53, APC, BMPR1a, CDH1, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, SMAD4, STK11 and MUTYH. We recorded 2082 positive index case diagnostic screening tests, generating 3216 positive and 3140 negative family cascade (non-index) tests. This is equivalent to an average of 3.05 subsequent cascade tests per positive diagnostic index test, with 1.54 positive and 1.51 negative non-index tests per family. The CPGs with the highest numbers of non-index positive cases identified on cascade testing were BRCA1/2 (n = 1999) and the mismatch repair CPGs associated with Lynch Syndrome (n = 731). These data are important for service provision and health economic assessment of CPG diagnostic testing, in terms of cancer prevention and early detection strategies, and identifying those likely to benefit from targeted treatment strategies.
T cells targeted to TdT kill leukemic lymphoblasts while sparing normal lymphocytes
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Giannakopoulou Eirini , Li Yingqian , Lehander Madeleine , Virding Culleton Stina , Yang Weiwen , Knetter Cathrine , Odabasi Mete Can , Bollineni Ravi Chand , Yang Xinbo , Foldvari Zsofia , Böschen Maxi-Lu , Taraldsrud Eli , Strønen Erlend , Toebes Mireille , Hillen Amy , Mazzi Stefania , de Ru Arnoud H. , Janssen George M. C. , Kolstad Arne , Tjønnfjord Geir Erland , Lie Benedicte A. , Griffioen Marieke , Lehmann Sören , Osnes Liv Toril , Buechner Jochen , Garcia K. Christopher , Schumacher Ton N. , van Veelen Peter A. , Leisegang Matthias , Jacobsen Sten Eirik W. , Woll Petter , Olweus Johanna
Published: December 2021

Unlike chimeric antigen receptors, T-cell receptors (TCRs) can recognize intracellular targets presented on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. Here we demonstrate that T cells expressing TCRs specific for peptides from the intracellular lymphoid-specific enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), presented in the context of HLA-A*02:01, specifically eliminate primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells of T- and B-cell origin in vitro and in three mouse models of disseminated B-ALL. By contrast, the treatment spares normal peripheral T- and B-cell repertoires and normal myeloid cells in vitro, and in vivo in humanized mice. TdT is an attractive cancer target as it is highly and homogeneously expressed in 80–94% of B- and T-ALLs, but only transiently expressed during normal lymphoid differentiation, limiting on-target toxicity of TdT-specific T cells. TCR-modified T cells targeting TdT may be a promising immunotherapy for B-ALL and T-ALL that preserves normal lymphocytes.
Medium levels of transcription and replication related chromosomal instability are associated with poor clinical outcome
Authors: Benhaddou Ataaillah , Gaston Laetitia , Pérot Gaëlle , Desplat Nelly , Leroy Laura , Le Guellec Sophie , Ben Haddou Mohamed , Rochaix Philippe , Valentin Thibaud , Ferron Gwenaël , Chevreau Christine , Bui Binh , Stoeckle Eberhard , Le Cesne Axel , Piperno-Neumann Sophie , Collin Françoise , Firmin Nelly , De Pinieux Gonzague , Coindre Jean-Michel , Blay Jean-Yves , Chibon Frédéric
Published: December 2021

Genomic instability (GI) influences treatment efficacy and resistance, and an accurate measure of it is lacking. Current measures of GI are based on counts of specific structural variation (SV) and mutational signatures. Here, we present a holistic approach to measuring GI based on the quantification of the steady-state equilibrium between DNA damage and repair as assessed by the residual breakpoints (BP) remaining after repair, irrespective of SV type. We use the notion of Hscore, a BP “hotspotness” magnitude scale, to measure the propensity of genomic structural or functional DNA elements to break more than expected by chance. We then derived new measures of transcription- and replication-associated GI that we call iTRAC (transcription-associated chromosomal instability index) and iRACIN (replication-associated chromosomal instability index). We show that iTRAC and iRACIN are predictive of metastatic relapse in Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) and that they may be combined to form a new classifier called MAGIC (mixed transcription- and replication-associated genomic instability classifier). MAGIC outperforms the gold standards FNCLCC and CINSARC in stratifying metastatic risk in LMS. Furthermore, iTRAC stratifies chemotherapeutic response in LMS. We finally show that this approach is applicable to other cancers.
The effects of somatostatin analogues on liver volume and quality of life in polycystic liver disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Garofalo Carlo , Capuano Ivana , Pennino Luigi , De Gregorio Ilaria , Riccio Eleonora , Provenzano Michele , Crocetto Felice , Buonanno Pasquale , Pandolfo Savio Domenico , Andreucci Michele , Pisani Antonio
Published: December 2021

A clear evidence on the benefits of somatostatin analogues (SA) on liver outcome in patients affected by polycystic liver disease is still lacking. We performed a meta-analysis of RCTs and a trial sequential analysis (TSA) evaluating the effects of SA in adult patients with polycystic liver disease on change in liver volume. As secondary outcome, we evaluated the effects on quality of life as measured by SF36-questionnaire. Six RCTs were selected with an overall sample size of 332 adult patients with polycystic liver disease (mean age: 46 years). Mean liver volume at baseline was 3289 ml in SA group and 3089 ml in placebo group. Overall, unstandardized mean difference in liver volume was − 176 ml (95%CI, − 406, 54; p < 0.133). Heterogeneity was low (I2:0%, p < 0.992). However, we performed a moderator analysis and we found that a higher eGFR significantly correlates to a more pronounced effect of SA on liver volume reduction (p = 0.036). Cumulative Z-curve in TSA did not reach either significance and futility boundaries or required information size. Three RCTs have evaluated Quality of life parameters measured by SF36-QOL questionnaire for a total of 124 patients; no significant difference was found on the effect of SA on QOL parameters when compared with placebo. The present meta-analysis revealed a potential effect of SA on reduction of liver volume and quality of life parameters, but results did not reach a statistical significance. These data could be explained by the need of further studies, as demonstrated through TSA, to reach an adequate sample size to confirm the beneficial outcomes of SAs treatment.
A monoclinic semiorganic molecular crystal GUHP for terahertz photonics and optoelectronics
Authors: Sinko Anton , Solyankin Peter , Kargovsky Aleksey , Manomenova Vera , Rudneva Elena , Kozlova Natalia , Sorokina Natalia , Minakov Fedor , Kuznetsov Sergei , Nikolaev Nazar , Surovtsev Nikolay , Ozheredov Ilya , Voloshin Alexey , Shkurinov Alexander
Published: December 2021

In this paper we describe the properties of the crystal of guanylurea hydrogen phosphite (NH$$_2$$

2

)$$_2$$

2

CNHCO(NH$$_2$$

2

)H$$_2$$

2

PO$$_3$$

3

(GUHP) and propose its application in terahertz photonics and optoelectronics. GUHP crystal has a wide window of transparency and a high optical threshold in the visible and NIR spectral regions and narrow absorption bands in the terahertz frequency range. The spectral characteristics of absorption and refraction in the THz range were found to be strongly dependent on crystal temperature and orientation. Computer simulations made it possible to link the nature of the resonant response of the medium at THz frequencies with the molecular structure of the crystal, in particular, with intermolecular hydrogen bonds and the layered structure of the lattice. The possibility of application of the crystal under study for the conversion of femtosecond laser radiation from visible an NIR to terahertz range was demonstrated. It was shown that dispersion properties of the crystal allow the generation of narrow band terahertz radiation, whose spectral properties are determined by conditions close to phase matching. The properties of the generated terahertz radiation under various temperatures suggest the possibility of phonon mechanism of enhancement for nonlinear susceptibility of the second order.
Effect of laser-induced ultrasound treatment on material structure in laser surface treatment for selective laser melting applications
Authors: Ivanov Ivan A. , Dub Vladimir S. , Karabutov Alexander A. , Cherepetskaya Elena B. , Bychkov Anton S. , Kudinov Igor A. , Gapeev Artem A. , Krivilyov Mikhail D. , Simakov Nikolay N. , Gruzd Svetlana A. , Lomaev Stepan L. , Dremov Vladimir V. , Chirkov Pavel V. , Kichigin Roman M. , Karavaev Alexey V. , Anufriev Maxim Yu. , Kuper Konstantin E.
Published: December 2021

A new mechanism for controlling the microstructure of products in manufacturing processes based on selective laser melting is proposed. The mechanism relies on generation of high-intensity ultrasonic waves in the melt pool by complex intensity-modulated laser irradiation. The experimental study and numerical modeling suggest that this control mechanism is technically feasible and can be effectively integrated into the design of modern selective laser melting machines.
Discriminating the origin of calcium oxalate monohydrate formation in kidney stones via synchrotron microdiffraction
Authors: Valido Iris H. , Fuentes-Cebrian Victor , Boada Roberto , Vallcorba Oriol , Resina-Gallego Montserrat , Valiente Manuel , López-Mesas Montserrat
Published: December 2021

The application of azimuthal plot analysis of tts-μXRD results allows us to discriminate the origin of calcium oxalate nephrolith formation.
Rhombic dodecahedral gold nanoparticles: chiral sensing probes for naked-eye recognition of histidine enantiomers
Authors: Shi Xiaoyu , Zhang Guiping , Liu Wei , Jin Yan , Li Baoxin
Published: December 2021

Rhombic dodecahedral gold nanoparticles can be used as colorimetric probes for naked-eye recognition of histidine enantiomers.
Stars and stripes: hexatopic tris(3,2′:6′,3′′-terpyridine) ligands that unexpectedly form one-dimensional coordination polymers
Authors: Manfroni Giacomo , Prescimone Alessandro , Constable Edwin C. , Housecroft Catherine E.
Published: December 2021

Five hexatopic ligands containing 3,2′:6′,3′′- or 4,2′:6′,4′′-terpyridine domains are reported, along with the assembly of a 1D-coordination polymer consisting of alternating single and double loops.
Stepwise on-surface synthesis of thiophene-based polymeric ribbons by coupling reactions and the carbon–fluorine bond cleavage
Authors: Liu Liqian , Zou Hengqi , Miao Xinrui , Yip Hin-Lap , Deng Wenli , Cao Yong
Published: December 2021

STM results by stepwise annealing reveal the synthesis of surface-assisted polymeric ribbon involving C−Br, C−H and C−F dissociation by a combination of Ullmann, dehydrogenative, and cyclodehydrogenative coupling.
Analysis of reduced paramagnetic shifts as an effective tool in NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Pavlov Alexander A. , Novikov Valentin V. , Nikovskiy Igor A. , Melnikova Elizaveta K. , Nelyubina Yulia V. , Aleshin Dmitry Y.
Published: December 2021

The concept of reduced paramagnetic shifts (RPS) is a useful approach to analyze the NMR spectra of paramagnetic transition metal complexes.
Strong nanozymatic activity of thiocyanate capped gold nanoparticles: an enzyme–nanozyme cascade reaction based dual mode ethanol detection in saliva
Authors: Ahmed Syed Rahin , Ortega Greter A. , Kumar Satish , Srinivasan Seshasai , Rajabzadeh Amin Reza
Published: December 2021

This article reports on the strong nanozymatic activity of thiocyanide capped gold nanoparticles (TC-AuNPs) in the presence of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and H2O2.
Synthesis of new chiral Mn(iii)–salen complexes as recoverable and reusable homogeneous catalysts for the asymmetric epoxidation of styrenes and chromenes
Authors: Chaudhary Pooja , Yadav Geeta Devi , Damodaran Krishna K. , Singh Surendra
Published: December 2021

New chiral Mn(iii)–salen complexes 1a–e and 2a–e were synthesized from the reaction of C2-symmetric chiral salen ligands and Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O under an inert atmosphere followed by aerobic oxidation.
Two new photochromic supramolecular compositions based on viologen: photocontrolled fluorescence, aniline detection and inkless erasable printing performance
Authors: Zhu Bai-Li , Jin Yun-Peng , Jiang Jian , Zuo Ming-Hui , Cui Shu-Xin
Published: December 2021

Two multifunctional supramolecular components synthesized by two different viologen ligands and pyromellitic acid.
Metastable FeCN2@nitrogen-doped carbon with high pseudocapacitance as an anode material for sodium ion batteries
Authors: Qi Hui , Zhao Chenxu , Huang Jianfeng , He Chaozheng , Tang Lin , Deng Wen
Published: December 2021

The metastable character enables the low intercalation/conversion reaction energy and greatly promotes the fast pseudocapacitive storage mechanism, leading to the high-rate performance of microsized FeCN2@NC.
Synthesis of quinolinesviasequential addition and I2-mediated desulfurative cyclization
Authors: Yang Mingming , Jian Yajun , Zhang Weiqiang , Sun Huaming , Zhang Guofang , Wang Yanyan , Gao Ziwei
Published: December 2021

An efficient one-pot approach is proposed for the synthesis of quinolines through Lewis acid-catalyzed cyclization and iodine-mediated desulfurization reactions.
New small γ-turn type N-primary amino terminal tripeptide organocatalyst for solvent-free asymmetric aldol reaction of various ketones with aldehydes
Authors: Thiyagarajan Rajkumar , Begum Zubeda , Seki Chigusa , Okuyama Yuko , Kwon Eunsang , Uwai Koji , Tokiwa Michio , Tokiwa Suguru , Takeshita Mitsuhiro , Nakano Hiroto
Published: December 2021

New small γ-turn type N-primary amino terminal tripeptides were applied for the asymmetric aldol reaction of ketones with aldehydes under neat conditions to afford the chiral aldol products (up to 99%, up to syn : anti/13 : 87 dr, up to 99% ee).
In situ formation of circular and branched oligomers in a localized high concentration electrolyte at the lithium-metal solid electrolyte interphase: a hybrid ab initio and reactive molecular dynamics study
Authors: Liu Yue , Sun Qintao , Yu Peiping , Ma Bingyun , Yang Hao , Zhang Jiayi , Xie Miao , Cheng Tao
Published: December 2021

Developing advanced electrolytes has been considered as a promising approach to stabilize the lithium metal anode via the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) that can protect the Li anode to enable long-term cycling stability.
Ultrahigh charge–discharge efficiency and high energy density of a high-temperature stable sandwich-structured polymer
Authors: Chen Hanxi , Pan Zhongbin , Cheng Yu , Ding Xiangping , Liu Jinjun , Chi Qingguo , Yang Minhao , Yu Jinhong , Dang Zhi-Min
Published: December 2021

Sandwich-structured polymer nanocomposites exhibit remarkable capacitive energy storage performance, including high energy density, great charge–discharge efficiency and excellent dielectric stability at elevated temperatures.
Direct imaging of visible-light-induced one-step charge separation at the chromium(iii) oxide–strontium titanate interface
Authors: Wardhana Aufandra Cakra , Yasuhara Sou , Yu Min-Wen , Yamaguchi Akira , Nagao Tadaaki , Ishii Satoshi , Miyauchi Masahiro
Published: December 2021

One-step charge separation at the interface of chromium(iii) oxide and strontium titanate was revealed by Kelvin probe microscopy (KPFM) and the photodeposition technique. This unique mechanism leads to visible-light-active photocatalysis.
Optically-manipulated multiaddressable all-ESIPT fluorescence nanomicelles prepared using a single fluorophore
Authors: Qin Tianyou , Han Jiaqi , Sheng Lan , Liang Xiao , Li Quanshun , Zhang Sean Xiao-An
Published: December 2021

High-performance optically-manipulated multiaddressable all-ESIPT fluorescence nanomicelles were successfully prepared from a single photoswitchable ESIPT fluorophore directly regulating fluorescence switching by photoisomerization.
The optimal pH of AID is skewed from that of its catalytic pocket by DNA-binding residues and surface charge
Authors: Ghorbani Atefeh , King Justin J. , Larijani Mani
Published: December 2021

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is a member of the apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) family of cytidine deaminases. AID mutates immunoglobulin loci to initiate secondary antibody diversification. The APOBEC3 (A3) sub-branch mutates viral pathogens in the cytosol and acidic endosomal compartments. Accordingly, AID functions optimally near-neutral pH, while most A3s are acid-adapted (optimal pH 5.5–6.5). To gain a structural understanding for this pH disparity, we constructed high-resolution maps of AID catalytic activity vs pH. We found AID's optimal pH was 7.3 but it retained most (>70%) of the activity at pH 8. Probing of ssDNA-binding residues near the catalytic pocket, key for bending ssDNA into the pocket (e.g. R25) yielded mutants with altered pH preference, corroborating previous findings that the equivalent residue in APOBEC3G (H216) underlies its acidic pH preference. AID from bony fish exhibited more basic optimal pH (pH 7.5–8.1) and several R25-equivalent mutants altered pH preference. Comparison of pH optima across the AID/APOBEC3 family revealed an inverse correlation between positive surface charge and overall catalysis. The paralogue with the most robust catalytic activity (APOBEC3A) has the lowest surface charge and most acidic pH preference, while the paralogue with the most lethargic catalytic rate (AID) has the most positive surface charge and highest optimal pH. We suggest one possible mechanism is through surface charge dictating an overall optimal pH that is different from the optimal pH of the catalytic pocket microenvironment. These findings illuminate an additional structural mechanism that regulates AID/APOBEC3 mutagenesis.
Injury prediction algorithm for rear‐seat occupants in advanced automatic crash notification systems
Authors: Lu Ying , Liu Yufa , Shu Yu , Yin Yuezhou
Published: December 2021

An advanced automatic crash notification (AACN) system can predict the injuries of a vehicle's occupants when the vehicle is involved in a collision accident. The rear‐seat occupants are at significant risk in collision accidents owing to an inferior protection system and the absence of mandatory seat belt laws. However, only a few studies have focused on the injury prediction for rear‐seat occupants, which can be used in AACN system. Therefore, an injury prediction algorithm is proposed for rear‐seat occupants. Initially, a rear‐seat occupant simulation model is established and verified and the relationship between the head, neck, and chest injury levels and velocity variation is examined. Then, a rear‐seat occupant injury prediction algorithm is developed and AACN terminal is constructed to analyse the effects of the algorithm. The comparison of the obtained results with actual accident data validated that the proposed algorithm can effectively evaluate the injury levels of rear‐seat occupants. The study findings can enhance the prediction accuracy of all occupants’ injury levels based on their positions inside the vehicle and improve the efficiency of rescue operations, particularly in the case of rear‐seat occupants.
Negative controlled Fredkin gate circuits with mirrors
Authors: Chattopadhyay Tanay
Published: December 2021

Data loss is a major problem in conventional circuits. But it cannot happen in reversible circuits. So energy dissipation per bit loss does not happen in this circuit. Also, recovery of input data can be possible in this circuit. Negative controlled Fredkin gate (NCF) is a self‐invertible reversible gate. It performs SWAP operation if its control input is logic zero. In this paper, a mechanically controlled mirror‐based NCF gate is designed, where the operation is based on the movement of mirrors. To move the mirror from its position electrical signal can be used. Optical signals are used in computational operations. Some complex reversible circuits viz. some logical operations (XOR‐XNOR, AND‐NAND, OR‐NOR), DE‐MUX/MUX, switching, and data shifting circuits are also shown in this paper. Quantum realization of the circuit was performed. Also, the matrix calculation was done to find out the operation of the circuit. Optical delay, optical cost, quantum delay, and quantum cost of every proposed design were calculated.
Evaluation Profile In Vitro Release Gastroretentive High Density Tablet Theophylline Using Sodium Alginate and PVP
Authors: Nur Amran , Fiskia Ermalyanti , Tjiroso Bambang
Published: December 2021

The high-density gastroretentive dosage forms was made a high-density theophylline tablets 250 mg by wet granulation method in three formulas with combine the polymer concentration. The polymer used sodium alginate and PVP K30, where the 1st formula ratio of sodium alginate: PVP K30 (18.75%: 5%), the 2nd formula ratio of sodium alginate: PVP K30 (18.75%: 2, 5%) and 3th formula ratio of sodium alginate: PVP K30 (12.5%: 2.5%). The third formula were evaluated with weight uniformity test, size uniformity test, hardness test, drug content test, in vitro release test, as well as the determination of the kinetics of drug release. The result showed the uniformity weights of the formula ranges 250.12mg-250.70mg, the uniformity size of the formula ranges 0.81cm for diameter tablet and 0.42cm-0.44cm for thick tablet, the hardness test ranges from 90N-180N. Results obtained for drug content was 106.965% formula 1st, formula 2nd is 127.625% and for formula 3th is 115.976%. Release kinetic profiles show formula 1st and 2nd used Higuchi equation and formula 3th used the first-order equation. By these three formula, 1st formula was considered the best views of drug content and release kinetics.
Application of Chitosan from Corbula Faba Hinds shells as a Bio-Coagulant for River Water Treatment
Authors: Nurma Wahyusi Kindriari , Nurmawati Ardika , Indrati Utami Lucky
Published: December 2021

Corbula faba Hinds or white mussel is one of the marine organisms easily found around Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia. The main component of its shell is chitin that can be derivate to chitosan. Chitosan is widely used especially in the water treatment process as a coagulant due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this study, chitosan produced from white mussel shells was used as a coagulant for treated Surabaya River water. The initial value of TSS in the sample water was 373.0 mg/L whereas TDS was 59.5 mg/L. The rapid mixing condition, such as speed and time, influenced the result of solids removal. Higher speed and longer time mixing would give better performance of flocs formation, but the flocks would be unstable after reach some points of conditions. The optimum mixing condition was obtained when using140 rpm on speed for 4 minutes with TSS removal up to 94.96% and TDS removal up to 23.32%.
Use Of Natural Gas Become a Petrochemical with Zeolite Catalyst
Authors: Susilowati S. , Karaman Novel
Published: December 2021

Methane is a hydrocarbon compound that can be used for various purposes. Currently, methane is widely used as fuel, and continues to be developed as a synthetic gas material and petrochemical products that have added value, one of which is formaldehyde. This study aimed to study the partial catalytic oxidation reaction of methane to formaldehyde using MoO3/zeolite as a catalyst. Reactant gas stream consisting of pure O2 and CH 4 were contacted with a rate ratio of 1:20, put into Fixed Bed Reactor therein contained 30 grams of catalyst MoO3/zeolite, and the pressure was maintained at 1 atm. The temperature and flow rate of the incoming reactant gas were used as variables. The main product produced was formaldehyde, besides that there were also CH3 OH, CO, CO2, H2O. The results were analyzed using Gas Chromatography, so it was known that the converted methane was 5.18% and the volume fraction of formaldehyde formed was 1.46%.
Benefits of Nanogold Injections to Treat Rheumatism Arthritis Complaints: A Case Study on Covid19 Clinical Test Volunteers
Authors: Taufikurohmah Titik , Rusmini Rusmini , Soepardjo Djodjok
Published: December 2021

The reduction in rheumatoid arthritis was measured by the decrease in the diameter of the joint swelling expressed in percent. The Covid-19 status was obtained from the results of the PCR Swab. The results show that in general, COVID-19 volunteers with complaints of rheumatic arthritis are satisfied with nanogold injections because they reduce pain. Health in general; temperature, blood pressure and average heart rate during clinical trials within the normal ranges of healthy people. Volunteers for clinical trials during treatment were declared negative for COVID-19. It is proven that nanogold injections increase the immunity of Covid-19 volunteers with complaints of rheumatic arthritis. As for rheumatic arthritis complaints in general, all volunteers experienced a decrease. The decrease in swelling diameter of each volunteer differed from one another in the range of 20-36%. With reduced volunteers can stand straight, walk normally and no longer hurt when the joints are pressed.
Waste Collector Roboboat Using Neural Network Method Based on Tensorflow Framework
Authors: Achmad Fiqhi I , Alfita Riza , Rosida Vivin N , Kunto Aji W , Sukri Hanifudin , Adi Kurniawan S , Rohman Gusmanu
Published: December 2021

Today, the waste problem has become more serious, because the waste can cause environmental pollution and bad smell pollution. The less awareness of cleanliness is the main factor, especially the less awareness of throwing waste at the right place. Based on the data of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry “Environmental Ignorance Behavior” in 2008 said that around 72 percent of Indonesian less be aware of the waste problem generally with plastic waste, this waste will flow to the sea and make pollution. This research objective is to design and accomplish previous roboboat research that still has some drawbacks. This research employs digital image processing and neural network based on the tensor flow framework method to overcome less accurate waste detection as well as autopilot navigation system. The research result shows by using 3600 dataset images, the model has the lowest loss 0.9 and 64.3% average accuracy with various samples and distance.
ELM-Based Indonesia Vehicle License Plate Recognition System
Authors: Rahmat Basuki , Joelianto Endra , Purnama I Ketut Eddy , Purnomo Mauridhi Hery
Published: December 2021

In this paper, a widely developed learning machine algorithm called Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) is used to recognize Indonesia vehicle license plates. The algorithm includes grayscale, binary, erosion, dilation and convolution processes, as well as the process of smearing, location determination and character segmentation before the ELM algorithm is applied. The algorithm includes one crucial and rarely performed technique for extraction of vehicle license plates, namely Smearing Algorithms. In the experimental results, ELM is compared with the template matching method. The obtained outcome of the average accuracy of both methods has the same value of 70.3175%.
Spiral Antenna Design and Analysis As a Tool to Measure Partial Discharge in High Voltage Equipment
Authors: Laksono Deni Tri , Laksono Dedi Tri , Ulum Miftachul
Published: December 2021

The high-voltage equipment often experiences disturbances caused by the age of the equipment, installation errors, partial discharge disturbances. Of these kinds of disturbances, partial discharge is one of the most common disturbances in high-voltage equipment which has a percentage level of 80% due to partial disturbance. In this study, a research related to electrical equipment that can detect partial discharge disturbances in these high-voltage equipment was done. The equipment is a spiral antenna, where the spiral antenna has several advantages in detecting partial discharge. In making the first partial discharge, a literature study will be carried out first, after that designing a spiral antenna using CST 2018 software to get the Return loss and VSWR parameters as desired, namely Return Loss less than -10 and VSWR less than 2. From the results of this study Spiral antenna is measured using VNA, the measurement results show the spiral antenna is in accordance with the parameters that have been determined, namely the return loss value = -30.8 and the VSWR value = between 1 to 1.5.