bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation Study of Deep Belief Network-Based Rice Transplanter Navigation Deviation Pattern Identification and Adaptive Control
Authors: Duan Xianhao , Fang Peng , Xiong Neng , Liu Muhua , Wu Xulong , Fu Li , Liu Zhaopeng
Published: January 2025

The navigation field of agricultural machinery has entered the intelligent stage, but the navigation control performance of paddy field agricultural machinery represented by rice transplanters is not stable in complex environments. Therefore, this study proposes a method to identify navigation deviation patterns based on Deep Belief Network (DBN) and designs an adaptive preview distance control method based on a driver preview model for each deviation pattern. Among them, the deviation pattern identification method is a two-stage algorithm. First, determine whether the current navigation status is abnormal. Then, the classification was refined for different abnormal states. The adaptive control method is divided into two levels. The main regulator calculates the dynamic preview distance according to the current state variable; the sub-regulator calculates the preview distance adjustment value according to the abnormal state degree. In the performance test of the identification method, all the models show excellent stability and accuracy, and the identification speed of the algorithm meets the high frequency of the rice transplanter navigation system. In the performance test of the control algorithm, compared with the static preview distance, the adaptive preview distance control method proposed in this study can effectively suppress the disturbance deviation of the rice transplanter navigation.
Preserving History: Assessments and Climate Adaptations at the House of the Seven Gables in Salem, Massachusetts, USA
Authors: Wright Paul , Baker Susan , Young Stephen S.
Published: January 2025

Salem, Massachusetts, is one of the oldest cities in the United States (1629) and its coastal location on the Atlantic helped create one of the wealthiest cities in America during the late 18th century, but today its coastal location threatens many of its buildings due to sea level rise and increased storm activity. The House of the Seven Gables, a National Historic Landmark District, consists of five important historic buildings, the most famous being The Turner Ingersoll Mansion (1668), more commonly known as The House of the Seven Gables. Considered one of the most important houses in America, it is also one of the most threatened historic buildings due to its location on Salem’s harbor. The House of the Seven Gables conducted a two-year study funded by Massachusetts Coastal Zone Management to evaluate the risks posed by climate change. This process included the use of data from groundwater monitoring wells and a tidal gauge installed on-site, along with soil samples and a detailed survey base plan including topography and subsurface infrastructure. The project team then used the Massachusetts Coastal Flood Risk Model (MC-FRM) to assess climate change impacts on the site in 2030, 2050, and 2070, and then created a plan for adaptations that should be implemented before those risks materialize. Strategies for adapting to storm surges, increasing groundwater, and intense surface water runoff were evaluated for their effectiveness and appropriateness for the historic site. The conclusion of the study resulted in a five-phase plan ending in the managed retreat of the historic buildings to higher ground on the existing site. This article goes beyond other research that suggests coastal retreats by demonstrating how to quantitatively evaluate current and future coastal issues with predictive models and how to set viable dates for adaptive solutions and a managed retreat.
S, Se-Codoped Dual Carbon Coating and Se Substitution in Co-Alkoxide-Derived CoS2 Through SeS2 Triggered Selenization for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Kaiqin , Kang Yuqi , Deng Chengjiang , Wang Yanfeng , Ba Haocun , An Qi , Han Xiaoyan , Huang Shaozhuan
Published: January 2025

The development of metal sulfides as anodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) is significantly obstructed by the slow kinetics of the electrochemical reactions and the substantial volume changes on the cycling. Herein, we introduce a selenium-substituted cobalt disulfide embedded within a dual carbon–graphene framework (Se-CoS2/C@rGO) for high-performance SIBs. The Se-CoS2/C@rGO was prepared via a synchronous sulfurization/selenization strategy using Co-alkoxide as the precursor and SeS2 as the source of selenium and sulfur, during which the EG anions are converted in situ to a S, Se codoped carbon scaffold. The dual carbon–graphene matrix not only improves the electronic conductivity but also stabilizes the electrode material effectively. In addition, the Se substitution within the CoS2 lattice further improves the electrical conductivity and promotes the Na+ reaction kinetics. The enhanced intrinsic electronic/ionic conductivity and reinforced structural stability endow the Se-CoS2/C@rGO anode with a high reversible capacity (558.2 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1), superior rate performance (351 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1), and long cycle life (93.5% capacity retention after 2100 cycles at 1 A g−1). This work provides new insights into the development of stable and reversible anode materials through Se substitution and dual carbon encapsulation.
LightweightUNet: Multimodal Deep Learning with GAN-Augmented Imaging Data for Efficient Breast Cancer Detection
Authors: Rai Hari Mohan , Yoo Joon , Agarwal Saurabh , Agarwal Neha
Published: January 2025

Breast cancer ranks as the second most prevalent cancer globally and is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women; therefore, early, automated, and precise detection is essential. Most AI-based techniques for breast cancer detection are complex and have high computational costs. Hence, to overcome this challenge, we have presented the innovative LightweightUNet hybrid deep learning (DL) classifier for the accurate classification of breast cancer. The proposed model boasts a low computational cost due to its smaller number of layers in its architecture, and its adaptive nature stems from its use of depth-wise separable convolution. We have employed a multimodal approach to validate the model’s performance, using 13,000 images from two distinct modalities: mammogram imaging (MGI) and ultrasound imaging (USI). We collected the multimodal imaging datasets from seven different sources, including the benchmark datasets DDSM, MIAS, INbreast, BrEaST, BUSI, Thammasat, and HMSS. Since the datasets are from various sources, we have resized them to the uniform size of 256 × 256 pixels and normalized them using the Box-Cox transformation technique. Since the USI dataset is smaller, we have applied the StyleGAN3 model to generate 10,000 synthetic ultrasound images. In this work, we have performed two separate experiments: the first on a real dataset without augmentation and the second on a real + GAN-augmented dataset using our proposed method. During the experiments, we used a 5-fold cross-validation method, and our proposed model obtained good results on the real dataset (87.16% precision, 86.87% recall, 86.84% F1-score, and 86.87% accuracy) without adding any extra data. Similarly, the second experiment provides better performance on the real + GAN-augmented dataset (96.36% precision, 96.35% recall, 96.35% F1-score, and 96.35% accuracy). This multimodal approach, which utilizes LightweightUNet, enhances the performance by 9.20% in precision, 9.48% in recall, 9.51% in F1-score, and a 9.48% increase in accuracy on the combined dataset. The LightweightUNet model we proposed works very well thanks to a creative network design, adding fake images to the data, and a multimodal training method. These results show that the model has a lot of potential for use in clinical settings.
Deciphering the Role of Adrenergic Receptors in Alzheimer’s Disease: Paving the Way for Innovative Therapies
Authors: Miliotou Androulla N. , Kotsoni Andria , Zacharia Lefteris C.
Published: January 2025

Neurodegenerative diseases are currently among the most devastating diseases with no effective disease-modifying drugs in the market, with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) being the most prevalent. AD is a complex multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive and severe cognitive impairment and memory loss. It is the most common cause of progressive memory loss (dementia) in the elderly, and to date, there is no effective treatment to cure or slow disease progression substantially. The role of adrenergic receptors in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies is poorly understood or investigated. Recently, some studies indicated a potential benefit of drugs acting on the adrenergic receptors for AD and dementias, although due to the heterogeneity of the drug classes used, the results on the whole remain inconclusive. The scope of this review article is to comprehensively review the literature on the possible role of adrenergic receptors in neurodegenerative diseases, stemming from the use of agonists and antagonists including antihypertensive and asthma drugs acting on the adrenergic receptors, but also from animal models and in vitro models where these receptors have been studied. Ultimately, we hope to obtain a better understanding of the role of these receptors, identify the gaps in knowledge, and explore the possibility of repurposing such drugs for AD, given their long history of use and safety.
Lupeol Attenuates Palmitate-Induced Hypertrophy in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes
Authors: Selvaraju Vaithinathan , Babu Shivani R. , Judd Robert L. , Geetha Thangiah
Published: January 2025

Obesity is characterized by the enlargement of adipose tissue due to an increased calorie intake exceeding the body’s energy expenditure. Changes in the size of adipose tissue can lead to harmful consequences, with excessive fat accumulation resulting in adipocyte hypertrophy and promoting metabolic dysfunction. These adiposity-associated pathologies can be influenced by dietary components and their potential health benefits. Lupeol, a pharmacologically active pentacyclic triterpenoid found in medicinal plants, vegetables, and fruits, has been shown to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigated the role of lupeol on adipocyte hypertrophy by evaluating key adipogenic regulators in vitro. First, 3T3-L1 MBX mouse embryonic cells were differentiated into adipocytes and hypertrophy was induced using 500 µM palmitic acid. The treated adipocytes showed a significantly increased lipid droplet size, confirming adipocyte hypertrophy. Both adipocytes and hypertrophied adipocytes were then treated with or without 60 µM lupeol, following a dose-dependent study. Lipid droplet size was assessed and validated by Oil Red O staining. Western blot analysis was performed to measure the expression of adipogenic and inflammatory markers. Differentiated adipocytes showed increased fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) expression and Oil Red O staining, indicating an increased lipid content. Western blot analysis revealed that lupeol treatment reduced the expression of FABP4, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), and adipokines. In conclusion, the results suggest that lupeol reverts the inflammatory and adipogenic markers that are enhanced in adipocyte hypertrophy. Through its anti-inflammatory effects, lupeol offers protective effects against adipocyte hypertrophy and contributes to reducing hypertrophic adiposity.
Proteomic Profiling Towards a Better Understanding of Genetic Based Muscular Diseases: The Current Picture and a Look to the Future
Authors: Pauper Marc , Hentschel Andreas , Tiburcy Malte , Beltran Sergi , Ruck Tobias , Schara-Schmidt Ulrike , Roos Andreas
Published: January 2025

Proteomics accelerates diagnosis and research of muscular diseases by enabling the robust analysis of proteins relevant for the manifestation of neuromuscular diseases in the following aspects: (i) evaluation of the effect of genetic variants on the corresponding protein, (ii) prediction of the underlying genetic defect based on the proteomic signature of muscle biopsies, (iii) analysis of pathophysiologies underlying different entities of muscular diseases, key for the definition of new intervention concepts, and (iv) patient stratification according to biochemical fingerprints as well as (v) monitoring the success of therapeutic interventions. This review presents—also through exemplary case studies—the various advantages of mass proteomics in the investigation of genetic muscle diseases, discusses technical limitations, and provides an outlook on possible future application concepts. Hence, proteomics is an excellent large-scale analytical tool for the diagnostic workup of (hereditary) muscle diseases and warrants systematic profiling of underlying pathophysiological processes. The steady development may allow to overcome existing limitations including a quenched dynamic range and quantification of different protein isoforms. Future directions may include targeted proteomics in diagnostic settings using not only muscle biopsies but also liquid biopsies to address the need for minimally invasive procedures.
Coexisting Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma and Lissencephaly: Unique Case Report with Pathological Analysis and Its Clinical Significance
Authors: Zakić Hristina , Kontić Vučinić Olivera , Stamenković Jelena , Jevtić Jovan , Perišić Mitrović Milena , Životić Maja
Published: January 2025

Background: Congenital mesoblastic nephroma represents 3–10% of all pediatric renal tumors. With the advancement of ultrasound diagnostics and magnetic resonance imaging, the diagnosis of this renal neoplasm is increasingly being established prenatally and at birth. It usually presents as a benign tumor, but it can severely affect pregnancy outcomes, contributing to perinatal morbidity and mortality. Lissencephaly belongs to a rare category of neurodevelopmental disorders marked by the absence of a substantial reduction in the typical folds and grooves in the cerebral cortex. The prognosis for patients with lissencephaly is extremely poor, carrying with it a high mortality rate. Case Presentation: We present a case of congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) diagnosed with polyhydramnios at 28 weeks of gestation, which led to preterm delivery at 29 weeks and a fatal outcome for the newborn. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of CMN along with fetal pachygyria/lissencephaly. The aim of this study is to point out the characteristics and unique correlation between CMN and lissencephaly, and to illustrate the histopathological features of CMN and lissencephaly through an educational example derived from our presented index case. To the best to our knowledge, the association of CMN with lissencephaly has not been described in the literature so far. Conclusions: Outlining the prenatal progression of CMN and the outcome of pregnancies involving fetal CMN and lissencephaly, this case underscores the importance of comprehensive ultrasound examinations, including central nervous system evaluation, to identify potential coexisting anomalies and refine prenatal diagnostic practices.
A Nomogram Built on Clinical Factors and CT Attenuation Scores for Predicting Treatment Response of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients
Authors: Liu Linna , Lu Wenzheng , Xiong Li , Qi Han , Gale Robert Peter , Yin Bin
Published: January 2025

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive cancer with variable treatment responses. While clinical factors such as age and genetic mutations contribute to prognosis, recent studies suggest that CT attenuation scores may also predict treatment outcomes. This study aims to develop a nomogram combining clinical and CT-based factors to predict treatment response and guide personalized therapy for AML patients. Methods: This retrospective study included 74 newly diagnosed AML patients who underwent unenhanced abdominal CT scans within one week before receiving their first induction chemotherapy. Clinical biomarkers of tumor burden were also collected. Patients were classified into two groups based on treatment response: complete remission (CR; n = 24) and non-complete remission (NCR; n = 50). Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of treatment response. Predictive performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and model consistency was assessed through calibration and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: Significant differences in hemoglobin (Hb), platelets (Plt), and CT attenuation scores were observed between the CR and NCR groups (all p < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression identified Hb, Plt, and CT attenuation scores as independent predictors of treatment response. A nomogram incorporating these factors demonstrated excellent predictive performance, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.912 (95% CI: 0.842–0.983), accuracy of 0.865 (95% CI: 0.765–0.933), sensitivity of 0.880 (95% CI: 0.790–0.970), and specificity of 0.833 (95% CI: 0.684–0.982). The CR nomogram displayed significant clinical value and excellent goodness of fit. Conclusions: The nomogram, which incorporates Hb, Plt, and CT attenuation scores, provides valuable insights into predicting treatment response in AML patients. This model offers strong discriminatory ability and could enhance personalized treatment planning and prognosis prediction for AML.
Q-Learning-Driven Butterfly Optimization Algorithm for Green Vehicle Routing Problem Considering Customer Preference
Authors: Meng Weiping , He Yang , Zhou Yongquan
Published: January 2025

This paper proposes a Q-learning-driven butterfly optimization algorithm (QLBOA) by integrating the Q-learning mechanism of reinforcement learning into the butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA). In order to improve the overall optimization ability of the algorithm, enhance the optimization accuracy, and prevent the algorithm from falling into a local optimum, the Gaussian mutation mechanism with dynamic variance was introduced, and the migration mutation mechanism was also used to enhance the population diversity of the algorithm. Eighteen benchmark functions were used to compare the proposed method with five classical metaheuristic algorithms and three BOA variable optimization methods. The QLBOA was used to solve the green vehicle routing problem with time windows considering customer preferences. The influence of decision makers’ subjective preferences and weight factors on fuel consumption, carbon emissions, penalty cost, and total cost are analyzed. Compared with three classical optimization algorithms, the experimental results show that the proposed QLBOA has a generally superior performance.
Resonant Young’s Slit Interferometer for Sensitive Detection of Low-Molecular-Weight Biomarkers
Authors: Wijaya Stefanus Renaldi , Martins Augusto , Morris Katie , Quinn Steven D. , Krauss Thomas F.
Published: January 2025

The detection of low-molecular-weight biomarkers is essential for diagnosing and managing various diseases, including neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease. A biomarker’s low molecular weight is a challenge for label-free optical modalities, as the phase change they detect is directly proportional to the mass bound on the sensor’s surface. To address this challenge, we used a resonant Young’s slit interferometer geometry and implemented several innovations, such as phase noise matching and optimisation of the fringe spacing, to maximise the signal-to-noise ratio. As a result, we achieved a limit of detection of 2.9 × 10−6 refractive index units (RIU). We validated our sensor’s low molecular weight capability by demonstrating the detection of Aβ-42, a 4.5 kDa peptide indicative of Alzheimer’s disease, and reached the clinically relevant pg/mL regime. This system builds on the guided mode resonance modality we previously showed to be compatible with handheld operation using low-cost components. We expect this development will have far-reaching applications beyond Aβ-42 and become a workhorse tool for the label-free detection of low-molecular-weight biomarkers across a range of disease types.
Food Neophobia and Two Facets of Orthorexia Among Women: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yalçın Tuba , Çiftçi Seda , Ozturk Elif Esra
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study was to investigate the link between food neophobia and two dimensions of orthorexia in women. This cross-sectional study of 985 women aged 18 years and over was conducted using face-to-face questionnaires. Women who had a disability, had a chronic disease, or were pregnant or breastfeeding were excluded. Participants provided information on their sociodemographic details (age and educational level) and frequency of physical activity. Orthorexic tendencies were assessed using the Teruel Orthorexia Scale. The women’s attitude towards trying new foods was assessed using the Food Neophobia Scale. A total of 337 participants (34.2%) were neophilic, 322 participants (32.7%) were neutral, and 326 participants (33.1%) were neophobic. There was no correlation between food neophobia scores and either age or body mass index. However, food neophobia was positively correlated with healthy orthorexia and orthorexia nervosa (p < 0.05). The mean individual scores for orthorexia nervosa and healthy orthorexia according to the Teruel Orthorexia Scale were 11.45 ± 3.91 and 20.04 ± 4.31, respectively. The results indicate that individuals with orthorexia nervosa have higher food neophobia scores, reflecting a greater reluctance to try unfamiliar foods, whereas individuals with healthy orthorexia do not show significant differences in food neophobia tendencies. This distinction highlights the importance of distinguishing between pathological and non-pathological eating behaviors when addressing dietary concerns.
Reflections on Three Decades of Building Information Modeling
Authors: Turk Žiga
Published: January 2025

In 1994, the first European Conference on Product and Process Modelling took place in Dresden, Germany. The entire field of construction information technology research has enthusiastically embraced building information modeling (BIM) as a method for creating an ever more detailed and ever more complex model of the product, which is produced through an increasingly complex process. During this successful evolution, some of the fundamental principles of design, design collaboration, and design representation have been sidelined and may not have been sufficiently addressed by the standards and even less so by the software. The symptoms of this are coordination and productivity problems that persist in the construction industry as well as an increasing amount of planning, organizational, and legal paperwork that is needed to support BIM-based processes. This paper analyzes the gap between foundational theory and practice, and it argues that BIM-related research and development should find a better balance between product and process modeling, semantics and pragmatics, modeling and informing, form and function and behavior, as well as computer-integrated construction and productivity. The latter element in the listed pairs is the one that, if better addressed, would lead to even more useful tools and better building.
Predictive Factors for the Discontinuation of Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy: Enhancing Patient Selection to Improve Oncological Outcomes—A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Aulicino Matteo , Santullo Francesco , Orsini Cecilia , D’Agostino Luca , Hübner Martin , Texeira-Farinha Hugo , Robella Manuela , Sgarbura Olivia , Bianco Agustìn , Ben-Yaacov Almog , Ferracci Federica , D’Annibale Giorgio , Pacelli Fabio , Di Giorgio Andrea
Published: January 2025

Background: Since 2011, Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC) has emerged as a promising treatment option for patients with peritoneal surface malignancies (PSM) who are not eligible for cytoreductive surgery (CRS). Repeated minimal-invasive treatment is one of the key features and the current empirical standard treatment (ST) consists of at least three administrations over about three months. However, many patients are unable to complete the full course, limiting the potential benefits of PIPAC. Method: This retrospective, single-center study assessed the completion rate of ST and identified the main causes and predictive factors for discontinuation. This study also evaluated the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of PIPAC and investigated whether improved patient selection over the years has resulted in better oncological outcomes. Result: Data from 168 patients treated with PIPAC between January 2017 and March 2023 for a total of 336 procedures showed that only 29% completed ST. Multivariate analysis identified ascites >500 mL and a prior history of bowel obstruction as significant predictors of discontinuation. Conclusions: Patients with radiological or clinical signs of obstruction should not be considered for PIPAC treatment, and ascites increases the risk of incomplete treatment. Larger studies are eagerly awaited to corroborate these findings and refine the selection criteria by disease entity.
Effects of Enzymatic Disintegration on the Decomposition of Organic Compounds During Methane Fermentation of Sewage Sludge
Authors: Macherzyński Bartłomiej
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the results of a study on the effect of lipase on the methane fermentation of sewage sludge. The process was conducted at 37 °C for 20 days for five sludge mixtures. Excess sludge inoculated with digested sludge constituted the control sample. The other four samples are the aforementioned mixtures with the addition of lipase in amounts representing 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% (w/w) with respect to sludge dry weight. The organic matter decomposition rate was 27.1% in the control sludge and from 33.5 to 46.7% in the disintegrated sludge. During the digestion of the control sludge, the total amount of biogas was 5802 mL·L−1. In sewage sludge enzymatically disintegrated by lipase, there was an increase in biogas from 15 to 26%. In the disintegrated sludge, an almost complete (95–100%) reduction in E. coli and Salmonella spp. was achieved. Therefore, enzymatic disintegration can be an effective alternative to physical and chemical disintegration methods.
Recent Advances in DNA Systems for In Situ Telomerase Activity Detection and Imaging
Authors: Zhang Shiyi , Xiong Wenjing , Xu Shuyue , Qian Ruocan
Published: January 2025

Telomeres play a key role in maintaining chromosome stability and cellular aging. They consist of repetitive DNA sequences that protect chromosome ends and regulate cell division. Telomerase is a reverse transcriptase enzyme counteracts the natural shortening of telomeres during cell division by extending them. Its activity is pivotal in stem cells and cancer cells but absent in most normal somatic cells. Recent advances in biosensor technologies have facilitated the in situ detection of telomerase activity, which is essential for understanding its role in aging and cancer. Techniques such as fluorescence, electrochemistry, and DNA nanotechnology are now being employed to monitor telomerase activity in living cells, providing real-time insights into cellular processes. DNA-based biosensors, especially those incorporating molecular beacons, DNA walkers, and logic gates, have shown promise for enhancing sensitivity and specificity in telomerase imaging. These approaches also facilitate the simultaneous analysis of related cellular pathways, offering potential applications in early cancer detection and precision therapies. This review explores recent developments in intracellular telomerase imaging, highlighting innovative approaches such as DNA-functionalized nanoparticles and multi-channel logic systems, which offer non-invasive, real-time detection of telomerase activity in complex cellular environments.
Parental Evaluation of a Responsive Parenting Program for Infants with Hearing Loss
Authors: Glanemann Reinhild , Reichmuth Karen , Brinkheetker Stephanie , am Zehnhoff-Dinnesen Antoinette , Neumann Katrin
Published: January 2025

Background: Parental satisfaction is an important factor in the evaluation of early intervention programs but is rarely investigated. The Muenster Parental Program (MPP) is a short, evidence-based early intervention program that focuses on parental responsiveness. It is a family-centered intervention for parents of infants aged 3–18 months who have recently been diagnosed with hearing loss and fitted with hearing devices, including prior to or following cochlear implant surgery. Objective: We aim to receive feedback from parents regarding the process and outcomes of their participation in the MPP. Method: Following their participation, all participants of the MPP were asked to complete an evaluation questionnaire. This article reports feedback from the first 52 participants (44 mothers, 7 fathers, and 1 godmother). Their infants (N = 45) had moderate to complete hearing loss, they were aged 2–20 months, and 40% of them had an additional disease, disorder, and/or developmental delay. Results: Parents reported high levels of satisfaction with the content, didactics, setting, and individual benefits of the intervention, and a high recommendation rate (92%). The aspects most appreciated were meeting other affected parents and the concrete individual support of parent–child communication, including video feedback. Almost all parents (96%) reported a change in their communication style with their child. This confirms the results of a previous controlled intervention study on the enhancement of parental responsiveness via the MPP. Conclusions: This evaluation of the MPP from a parental point of view has revealed equally high satisfaction with the content, setting, and didactics amongst all parents regardless of any potentially influential parent or child variables. The MPP is well suited to a wide range of close caregivers’ needs despite the known diversity of children with hearing loss and their parents or families.
Research Progress of Cu-Ni-Si Series Alloys for Lead Frames
Authors: Yan Huan , Hu Honglei , Li Lei , Huang Wen , Li Chunlei
Published: January 2025

This paper reviews the research progress of Cu-Ni-Si alloy as a lead frame material for ICs. Cu-Ni-Si alloy is considered a strong candidate for lead frame materials due to its excellent mechanical properties and adequate electrical conductivity. The types and properties of Cu-Ni-Si alloys are then discussed in detail, emphasizing strength and conductivity as two key indicators for evaluating the properties of Cu-Ni-Si alloys, as well as the challenges posed by their inverse correlation. The preparation methods of Cu-Ni-Si alloy, including conventional melting, vacuum melting, and jet forming, are also discussed, and the effects of different casting techniques on the alloy’s properties are analyzed. Furthermore, the conductivity and strengthening mechanisms of Cu-Ni-Si alloy, including solid solution strengthening, second phase strengthening, and deformation strengthening, are discussed. The effects of the Ni-Si atomic ratio, trace elements, and rare earth elements on the alloy’s properties are also discussed. Finally, the current research status of Cu-Ni-Si alloy is summarized, and future research directions are identified, including the development of new preparation technologies, establishment of systematic databases, and promotion of green manufacturing and sustainable alloy development.
Evaluation of an Alternative Screening Method for Gestational Diabetes Diagnosis During the COVID-19 Pandemic (DIABECOVID STUDY): An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Casellas Alba , Martínez Cristina , Amigó Judit , Ferrer Roser , Martí Laia , Merced Carme , Medina Maria Carmen , Molinero Istria , Calveiro Marta , Maroto Anna , del Barco Ester , Carreras Elena , Goya Maria
Published: January 2025

Background: To evaluate the impact of applying alternative diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during the COVID-19 pandemic on GDM prevalence, obstetrical and perinatal outcomes, and costs, as compared to the standard diagnostic method. Methods: A cohort of pregnant individuals undergoing GMD screening with the alternative GDM method, which uses plasma glucose (fasting or non-fasting) and HbA1c, was compared with a cohort of pregnant individuals undergoing the standard GDM screening method. Both cohorts were obtained from six hospitals across Catalonia, Spain, from April 2020 to April 2022. The primary outcome was large for gestational age rate at birth. The secondary outcomes were composite adverse outcomes, including pregnancy complications, delivery complications, and neonatal complications. The cost differences between screening methods were also evaluated. A similar analysis was performed in the subgroup diagnosed with GDM. Results: Data were collected from 1543 pregnant individuals in the standard screening group and 2197 in the alternative screening group. The standard screening group had a higher GDM diagnostic rate than the alternative screening group (10.8% vs. 6.9%, respectively; p < 0.0001). The primary outcome (large for gestational age rate) was similar between groups: 200/1543 (13.0%) vs. 303/2197 (13.8%). The adjusted OR for this outcome was 1.74 (95% CI: 0.74–4.10). An adjusted analysis showed no differences between groups in the composite adverse outcomes for pregnancy complications (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.91–1.36), delivery complications (OR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.75–1.19), and neonatal complications (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 0.94–1.75). Among individuals diagnosed with GDM, the large for gestational age rate was similar between groups: 13/166 (7.8%) vs. 15/151 (9.9%). The OR adjusted for this outcome was 1.24 (95% CI: 0.51–3.09). An adjusted analysis showed no differences in the composite adverse outcomes for pregnancy complications (OR: 1.57; 95% CI: 0.84–2.98), delivery complications (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 0.63–2.35), and neonatal complications (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 0.61–3.04). The mean cost (which included expenses for consumables, equipment, and personnel) of the alternative screening method was 46.0 euros (22.3 SD), as compared to 85.6 euros (67.5 SD) for the standard screening method. Conclusions: In this Spanish population during the COVID-19 pandemic, GDM prevalence was lower in the alternative screening group than in the standard screening group. After adjusting for GDM risk factors, outcomes related to obstetrics, delivery, and neonatal complications were comparable between both groups. Finally, the alternative screening method was cheaper than the standard screening method.
Effects of Microsatellite Instability on the Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of Colon Cancer and the Diagnostic Accuracy of Preoperative Abdominal CT Scans
Authors: Yavuz Rıdvan , Aras Orhan , Çiyiltepe Hüseyin , Dinçer Onur İlkay , Alparslan Ahmet Şükrü , Çakır Tebessüm
Published: January 2025

Background: Microsatellite-stable (MSS) and microsatellite-instable (MSI) colon cancer (CC) cases have different characteristics. These characteristics may impact the accuracy of abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan examinations in MSI CC. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted to examine the effects of MSI CC on patients’ clinical and tumor characteristics. We determined the accuracy of radiological T and N staging compared to pathological T and N staging in CC patients and evaluated the influence of tumor- and patient-related factors on this accuracy. Results: A total of 131 CC patients who had undergone surgical resection were analyzed. Mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) CC was predominantly found in the right hemicolon (p = 0.023); it was more likely to exhibit moderate (80.8%) or low-grade differentiation (p = 0.01) and had higher rates of mucinous differentiation (p = 0.001). The median neutrophil and platelet counts and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels at diagnosis were significantly higher in patients with dMMR CC (p = 0.022, p = 0.022, and p = 0.018). The depth of invasion influenced the CRP levels in dMMR CC cases (p = 0.015). The abdominal CT exam was accurate regarding the depth of colonic wall invasion in 58.1% and 38.5% of patients with mismatch repair-proficient (pMMR) and dMMR CC, respectively. The assessment of lymph node invasion was accurate in 44.8% of those with pMMR and 50.0% of those with dMMR CC. There was no significant difference in the accuracy in predicting the T and N statuses between the two groups. The accuracy in the determination of the T and N statuses was not affected by the parameters examined. Conclusions: dMMR CC has specific characteristic features. MSI does not affect the accuracy of preoperative abdominal CT.
Reporting Standards for Bayesian Network Modelling
Authors: Barons Martine J. , Hanea Anca M. , Mascaro Steven , Woodberry Owen
Published: January 2025

Reproducibility is a key measure of the veracity of a modelling result or finding. In other research areas, notably in medicine, reproducibility is supported by mandating the inclusion of an agreed set of details into every research publication, facilitating systematic reviews, transparency and reproducibility. Governments and international organisations are increasingly turning to modelling approaches in the development and decision-making for policy and have begun asking questions about accountability in model-based decision making. The ethical issues of relying on modelling that is biased, poorly constructed, constrained by heroic assumptions and not reproducible are multiplied when such models are used to underpin decisions impacting human and planetary well-being. Bayesian Network modelling is used in policy development and decision support across a wide range of domains. In light of the recent trend for governments and other organisations to demand accountability and transparency, we have compiled and tested a reporting checklist for Bayesian Network modelling which will bring the desirable level of transparency and reproducibility to enable models to support decision making and allow the robust comparison and combination of models. The use of this checklist would support the ethical use of Bayesian network modelling for impactful decision making and research.
The Efficacy of Monetary and Fiscal Policies on Economic Growth: Evidence from Thailand
Authors: Pastpipatkul Pathairat , Ko Htwe
Published: January 2025

This study empirically explores the dynamic effect of MP and FP on the economic growth of Thailand from Q1:2003 to Q2:2024. In this study, data analysis was conducted using an advanced sequence of the econometric modeling approach to guarantee that the estimated results were more consistent and reliable. First, we used Bayesian additive regression trees (BART) and Bayesian variable selection (BASAD) methods to determine macro factors with the highest probabilities influencing growth, in addition to monetary and fiscal policy tools during the studied periods. Second, we used the time-varying coefficients seemingly unrelated equation (TVSURE) model to examine the economic impact of MP and FP. Last, we also employed the Markov switching regression (MSR) model not only to support the findings from the TVSURE model but also to propose policy recommendations based on regime durations and transitions tempted by MP and FP. The main results from both TVSURE and MSR reveal the following: (1) MP is more consistent with expected growth outcomes while FP is stronger when localized, (2) MP is more effective in sustaining long periods of high growth, (3) FP is significantly stronger in recovering from recessions, and (4) the coordination of MP and FP has a similar performance to MP alone but with shorter transition periods. This study makes an empirical contribution to the ongoing debate on the effectiveness of MP and FP in boosting growth and aiding in the recovery from recessions in the case of Thailand. In addition, this study not only acknowledged certain limitations but also recommended policies to sustain the Thai economy.
“Don’t Forget the Whistle”: Novice Physical Education Teachers’ Reflections on Their Beliefs, Teaching Practices, and Identities
Authors: Anwar Muhammad Hamid , Jatmika Herka Maya , Setiawan Caly
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the current study was to investigate novice PE teachers’ reflections regarding beliefs and how they played out in teaching practices and identity formation within the settings of their profession. We recruited 31 PE teachers in their early careers to participate in this study. Data were collected through their written accounts of their reflection and in-depth interviews. Analysis of the collected data followed the procedures of thematic analysis through which reflexivity had been emphasized during the analysis process. The results showed three constructed themes. These were teachers’ reflections on their beliefs, PE teaching practices, and PE teachers’ professional identities. We conclude that PE teachers’ reflections on belief systems, as well as the purpose of the subject, have, in one way or another, shaped practices and professional identities. Teachers take up contemporary discourse regarding education, which is not fully aligned with available professional development programs that effectively improve the practices. Teachers form, maintain, and negotiate their professional identities in relation to their beliefs and their actual practices.
Forced to Reimagine: Reflections on the Experience of Leicester Vaughan College Community Benefit Society
Authors: Gill Miriam , Faire Lucy
Published: January 2025

This article outlines the experiences of two tutors from an adult education department shut down by its higher education institution (HEI). It is a chronological reflective account of how members of the department responded to their exclusion by re-establishing their provision as a cooperative community benefit society (CBS), Leicester Vaughan College (LVC). This response was not only an expression of resistance, but it was an antidote to the neoliberal university system, which all too often undervalues adult education, marginalises adult learners or excludes their education altogether. As educators and students together, the aim was to use our understanding of the processes and practices of higher adult education to reconstruct this provision in a collaborative and cooperative way. Our experience before and after ‘expulsion’, and the reimagination of an alternative future in contrast to the dominant neoliberal model, shines a light on the wider difficulties and inequalities in the HE sector. As we searched (and continue to search) for a ‘happy ending’ with LVC, the multiple hurdles experienced exemplify the difficulties of trying to create a space for a new paradigm within hostile, shifting structures shaped by neoliberal regulatory and economic imperatives. This article finishes by setting out a context in which adult HE and institutions like LVC could flourish.
A System Control and Waveform Acquisition Framework for the Kicker System at SHINE
Authors: Li Sheying , Liu Yongfang , Yuan Qibing
Published: January 2025

A lumped kicker magnet system is being developed as part of the electron beam switchyard of the Shanghai High Repetition Rate X-Ray Free-Electron Laser (XFEL) and Extreme Light (SHINE) facility at Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). SHINE is a linac-based facility with an energy of 8 GeV and a repetition rate of 1 MHz for multiple users. The kicker system is a critical element of the deflection system and determines the stability performance of the beamlines. To ensure autonomous and reliable operation in a harsh environment, a dedicated control system—consisting of a custom-designed programmable logic controller (PLC) and waveform acquisition system—has been developed based on the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS). The PLCsystem enables status acquisition, control implantations, and alarm handling, allowing for automated operation. The waveform acquisition system provides an intuitive demonstration and enables the real-time diagnosis of kicker waveforms. The results demonstrate a half quasi-sinuous waveform with a peak current of 11.5 A and a full width at half maximum of 218 ns at a repetition rate of 10 kHz. The detailed design, overall concept, achieved performance, and initial test results of two modular controls are provided for further demonstration.
Digital Simulations in STEM Education: Insights from Recent Empirical Studies, a Systematic Review
Authors: Kefalis Chrysovalantis , Skordoulis Constantine , Drigas Athanasios
Published: January 2025

This study explores the use of digital simulations in STEM education, addressing the gap in systematic reviews synthesizing recent advancements and their implications for teaching and learning by focusing on their impact on learning outcomes and student engagement across general and special education settings. The review includes 31 peer-reviewed empirical studies published in the last five years, sourced from ERIC, Scopus, and Web of Science, and adheres to the PRISMA methodology to ensure transparency and rigor. The findings reveal that interactive simulations are the most widely used type of digital tool, accounting for 25 of the 31 studies, followed by game-based simulations and virtual labs. Quasi-experimental designs dominate the research landscape, often employing pre- and post-tests to evaluate intervention effectiveness. While inquiry-based learning emerges as the most frequently implemented instructional strategy, hybrid and simulation-based approaches also feature prominently. Despite the evident benefits of digital simulations in enhancing conceptual understanding, engagement, and problem-solving skills, research gaps remain, particularly regarding their application in primary and special education contexts. This review underscores the need for diverse research methodologies and broader population studies to maximize the potential of digital simulations in STEM education.
Sustainable and Green Technologies for Industrial Chemical Engineering
Authors: Gil Bravo Antonio
Published: January 2025

The aim of this Eng Special Issue is to collect experimental and theoretical research relating engineering science and technology to the general topics of Eng [...]
The Journey of Plastics: Historical Development, Environmental Challenges, and the Emergence of Bioplastics for Single-Use Products
Authors: Stanley Jade , Culliton David , Jovani-Sancho Antonio-Jonay , Neves Adriana Cunha
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the historical development of conventional plastics, tracing their evolution from early forms to their pervasive use in modern society. Its observations include the rise of mass plastic production during World War II and the post-war development, showcasing plastics’ economic and societal impact. The environmental repercussions of plastic pollution have led to increased global awareness and calls for sustainable alternatives. The emergence of bioplastics is investigated, including their classification, properties, applications, and challenges in scaling. This paper emphasises the urgency of adopting bioplastics for a sustainable future and discusses efforts towards homogenisation and standardisation across global markets.