bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of central sensitization on pain, disability and psychological distress in patients with knee osteoarthritis and chronic low back pain
Authors: Dahmani Doha , Taik Fatima Zahrae , Berrichi Imane , Fourtassi Maryam , Abourazzak Fatima Ezzahra
Published: November 2023

Background

Central sensitization (CS) is becoming increasingly recognized as a significant factor in many chronic pain conditions, including knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and chronic low back pain (CLBP). Yet it presently remains unclear how strong is the involvement of CS in KOA and CLBP and which factors are involved in CS in these two chronic disabling diseases.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study in which included a total of 178 patients with KOA and 118 patients with CLBP. Inclusion criteria for eligible participants for the KOA group were a confirmed diagnosis of KOA according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria, and for the CLBP group a chronic low back pain for more than 3 months. Subjects were excluded if they presented with a diagnosed psychiatric disorder or if they lacked the capacity to provide informed consent, understand study questionnaires or perform physical performance tests. In each group, were assessed; CS-related symptoms using the Central Sentization Inventory (CSI); demographic and clinical characteristics such as disease duration, pain intensity on a visual analog scale, self-reported function using the Lequesne index for KOA patients and the Oswestry Disability index for CLBP patients, and physical performance with the 6 minutes’ walk test; as well as psychosocial risk factors using the Patient Health Questionnaire for depression (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS).

Results

CSI scores significantly correlated with pain intensity and disability in KOA and CLBP patients, and were highly correlated with self-reported symptoms of depression, anxiety and pain catastrophizing. Depression significantly predicted the CSI score in both groups.

Conclusion

These findings provide further evidence for the impact of CS on pain, function and physical performance in KOA and CLBP patients. Psychosocial symptoms such as pain catastrophizing, anxiety and depression should also be considered as they are also associated with CS.
Elevated total and direct bilirubin are associated with acute complicated appendicitis: a single-center based study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alfehaid Mohammed S. , Babiker Ayman M. , Alkharraz Abdullah Hamad , Alsaeed Hamad yousef , Alzunaydi Ali Abdullah , Aldubaiyan Adi Abdulaziz , Sinyan Hanan Abdalla , Alkhalaf Bshayr K. , Alshuwaykan Rakan , Khalil Rehana , Al-Wutayd Osama
Published: November 2023

Background

Appendicitis is the most common abdominal surgical emergency and up to our knowledge no previous studies have been conducted in Saudi Arabia particularly at Qassim region and this study aimed to determine a total and direct bilirubin as a predictor of acute complicated appendicitis.

Methods

Observational retrospective study that included patients admitted under the general surgery department with a diagnosis of acute appendicitis at King Saud Hospital, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia. Data on age, gender, BMI, diabetes mellitus, total and direct bilirubin, AST, ALT, sodium, and WBCs levels were obtained.

Result

Among the overall study population of 158 patients, the age median [IQR] was 24.5 [19–31], males were 99 (62.7%), and complicated appendicitis was 33 (20.9%). The multivariable analysis revealed that both elevated total and direct bilirubin are associated with complicated appendicitis (aOR = 3.79, 95% CI: 1.67–8.48, P = 0.001) and (aOR = 4.74, 95% CI: 2.07–10.86, P < 0.001) respectively. A receiver operating characteristic curve showed the best cutoff value of total and direct bilirubin as ≥ 15 µmol/L and ≥ 5 µmol/L respectively, with a sensitivity of 57.6%, and specificity of 73.6% for elevated total bilirubin, and a sensitivity of 54.6%, and specificity of 80% for elevated direct bilirubin.

Conclusion

Elevated total and direct bilirubin are associated with acute complicated appendicitis in this setting. However, it should be supportive factor for acute complicated appendicitis and not considered as standalone diagnostic test.
Perspectives of women and partners from migrant and refugee backgrounds accessing the Cross Cultural Worker Service in maternity and early childhood services—a survey study
Authors: Rogers Helen J. , AO Caroline S. E. Homer , Henry Amanda
Published: November 2023

Background

Women from migrant and refugee backgrounds living in high-income countries have increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes and report lower satisfaction with perinatal healthcare. In Sydney, Australia, a new service known as the Cross Cultural Workers (CCWs) in Maternity and Child and Family Health Service (the CCW Service) was implemented to support such women and families from pregnancy to the early parenting period. This study aimed to ascertain the experiences of women and their partners engaging with the CCW Service.

Methods

A survey study was undertaken. Women accessing the CCW Service were recruited during pregnancy and were asked to complete surveys at three time points: in the third trimester of pregnancy, at 6 and 12 months postpartum. Their partners were invited to complete a survey at 6 months postpartum. Survey data were analysed to compare satisfaction, usefulness, number of CCW interactions, cultural sensitivity, and service improvement recommendations across all three survey timepoints.

Results

A total of 231 surveys were received: 113 during pregnancy, 50 at 6-months postpartum, 44 at 12-months postpartum, and 24 partner surveys. Participants in all surveys reported the CCW Service to be useful (84–94%), stating that it increased their understanding of pregnancy, birth and parenting (95–100%), and that they would recommend the CCW Service (92–98%). Participants experienced a high level of satisfaction (88–95%) irrespective of the number of CCW interactions (p = 0.42). Thoughts on becoming a mother or parent were more positive after meeting the CCW than before for both women (p = 0.01) and partners (p = 0.12). Suggestions for CCW Service improvement were to 1) increase the provision of information, specifically financial entitlements, postnatal depression, and support services, 2) increase involvement of partners in care, 3) increase the CCW workforce/or number of CCWs.

Conclusion

The CCW Service was associated with positive experiences and high rates of satisfaction at all timepoints. This service has the potential to inform the implementation of similar models of care that improve accessibility, the perinatal experience, and respond to the unique needs of women and families from migrant and refugee backgrounds.
Identifying inpatient hospitalizations with continuous electroencephalogram monitoring from administrative data
Authors: Fernandes Marta , Westover M. Brandon , Zafar Sahar F.
Published: November 2023

Background

Continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) is increasingly utilized in hospitalized patients to detect and treat seizures. Epidemiologic and observational studies using administrative datasets can provide insights into the comparative and cost effectiveness of cEEG utilization. Defining patient cohorts that underwent acute inpatient cEEG from administrative datasets is limited by the lack of validated codes differentiating elective epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) admissions from acute inpatient hospitalization with cEEG utilization. Our aim was to develop hospital administrative data-based models to identify acute inpatient admissions with cEEG monitoring and distinguish them from EMU admissions.

Methods

This was a single center retrospective cohort study of adult (≥ 18 years old) inpatient admissions with a cEEG procedure (EMU or acute inpatient) between January 2016-April 2022. The gold standard for acute inpatient cEEG vs. EMU was obtained from the local EEG recording platform. An extreme gradient boosting model was trained to classify admissions as acute inpatient cEEG vs. EMU using administrative data including demographics, diagnostic and procedure codes, and medications.

Results

There were 9,523 patients in our cohort with 10,783 hospital admissions (8.5% EMU, 91.5% acute inpatient cEEG); with average age of 59 (SD 18.2) years; 46.2% were female. The model achieved an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.92 (95% CI [0.91–0.94]) and area under the precision-recall curve of 0.99 [0.98–0.99] for classification of acute inpatient cEEG.

Conclusions

Our model has the potential to identify cEEG monitoring admissions in larger cohorts and can serve as a tool to enable large-scale, administrative data-based studies of EEG utilization.
Transcription dosage compensation does not occur in Down syndrome
Authors: Hunter Samuel , Hendrix Jo , Freeman Justin , Dowell Robin D. , Allen Mary A.
Published: November 2023

Background

The increase in DNA copy number in Down syndrome (DS; caused by trisomy 21) has led to the DNA dosage hypothesis, which posits that the level of gene expression is proportional to the gene’s DNA copy number. Yet many reports have suggested that a proportion of chromosome 21 genes are dosage compensated back towards typical expression levels (1.0×). In contrast, other reports suggest that dosage compensation is not a common mechanism of gene regulation in trisomy 21, providing support to the DNA dosage hypothesis.

Results

In our work, we use both simulated and real data to dissect the elements of differential expression analysis that can lead to the appearance of dosage compensation, even when compensation is demonstrably absent. Using lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from a family with an individual with Down syndrome, we demonstrate that dosage compensation is nearly absent at both nascent transcription (GRO-seq) and steady-state RNA (RNA-seq) levels. Furthermore, we link the limited apparent dosage compensation to expected allelic variation in transcription levels.

Conclusions

Transcription dosage compensation does not occur in Down syndrome. Simulated data containing no dosage compensation can appear to have dosage compensation when analyzed via standard methods. Moreover, some chromosome 21 genes that appear to be dosage compensated are consistent with allele specific expression.
Determination of reference values for tear production and intraocular pressure in Pygoscelis penguins of the Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Bayram Latife Cakir , Isler Cafer Tayer , Ekebas Görkem
Published: November 2023

Background

According to the literature review, this is the first study investigating tear production (TP) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in thePygoscelispenguins living in their natural habitat. The study aimed to establish normal values for standard ocular tests in the genusPygoscelis, namely, the Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), gentoo (Pygoscelis papua), and chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarctica) penguins, in four different islands of Antarctica. Sampling was made by specifically using the left eye of the penguins. The Schirmer's tear test type I (STT-I) and the Tonovet® (rebound tonometer) were used to measure the TP and the IOP, respectively.

Results

The mean TP and IOP values of 129 Adélie,chinstrap, gentoo, and 120 adult Adélie,gentoo penguins were determined as 10.2 ± 4.0 mm/min and 38.9 ± 13.2 mmHg, respectively. No statistical difference was detected between the penguin species for the mean IOP values, while the difference was determined in all the locations. However, statistical differences in the mean TP values were determined between all locations.

Conclusion

The results of this study provide a reference range of Schirmer's tear test (STT) and IOP values inPygoscelispenguins and show that the IOP is significantly affected by locations. This result can be attributed to the harsh climatic conditions of the Antarctic Peninsula that change very quickly. The described data may help diagnose clinical pathological findings in Pygoscelis penguins.

The STT and rebound tonometry appears to be safe and reproducible methods inPygoscelispenguins, as the results were obtained quickly and were well tolerated by the birds.

Based on our results, we propose that similar studies can be initiated in crowded colonies of three penguin species of this genus on the Antarctic Peninsula, the southern Shetland Islands, and other frequently visited islands in Antarctica.
Panax notoginseng: derived exosome-like nanoparticles attenuate ischemia reperfusion injury via altering microglia polarization
Authors: Li Shiyi , Zhang Ru , Wang Anni , Li Yang , Zhang Miaomiao , Kim Jisu , Zhu Ying , Wang Qizheng , Zhang Yue , Wei Ying , Wang Jianxin
Published: November 2023

Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CI/R) injury is a clinical conundrum during the treatment of ischemic stroke. Cell-derived exosomes (CDE) were proved to be therapeutically effective for CI/R injury. However, production of CDE is time and effort consuming. Increasing studies reported that plants can also generate exosome-like nanoparticles (ELN) which are therapeutically effective and have higher yield compared with CDE. In this study, a commonly used Chinese herb Panax notoginseng (PN), whose active ingredients were well-documented in the treatment of CI/R injury, was chosen as a source of ELNs. It was found that Panax notoginseng derived exosome like nanoparticles (PDN) could enter the brain without modification and ameliorate cerebral infarct volume, improve behavior outcome and maintained the integrity of BBB. PDNs attenuated CI/R injury by altering the phenotype of microglia from “pro-inflammation” M1 type to “anti-inflammation” M2 type. Also, we found that lipids from PDNs were the major therapeutic effective component. As a mechanism of action, PDN was proved to exert therapeutic effect via activating pI3k/Akt pathway.

Graphical Abstract
Unveiling the potential effects of acetylsalicylic acid: insights into regeneration in endometrial stem cells
Authors: Park Se-Ra , Kim Soo-Rim , Min Eun-Kyung , Oh Byung-Chul , Jung YunJae , Kim Yong Ho , Lee Hwa-Yong
Published: November 2023

Background

Although acetylsalicylic acid has been widely used for decades to treat and prevent various diseases, its potential effects on endometrial receptivity and subsequent pregnancy rates are still controversial due to conflicting data: many reports have shown positive effects of acetylsalicylic acid, whereas others have found that it has no effect. Furthermore, the direct effects of acetylsalicylic acid on various functions of normal endometrial cells, especially endometrial stem cells, and their underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been proven. Recently, studies have revealed that a reduced number of active stem/progenitor cells within endometrial tissue limits cyclic endometrial regeneration and subsequently decreases pregnancy success rates, suggesting that endometrial stem cells play a critical role in endometrial regeneration and subsequent endometrial receptivity.

Methods

We assessed whether aspirin treatment can inhibit various endometrial stem cell functions related to regenerative capacity, such as self-renewal, migration, pluripotency/stemness, and differentiation capacity, in vitro. Next, we evaluated whether SERPINB2 regulates the effects of aspirin on endometrial stem cell functions by depleting SERPINB2 expression with specific shRNA targeting SERPINB2. To further investigate whether aspirin also inhibits various endometrial stem cell functions in vivo, aspirin was administered daily to mice through intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection for 7 days.

Results

In addition to its previously identified roles, to the best of our knowledge, we found for the first time that acetylsalicylic acid directly inhibits various human endometrial stem cell functions related to regenerative capacity (i.e., self-renewal, migration, differentiation, and capacity) through its novel target gene SERPINB2 in vitro. Acetylsalicylic acid exerts its function by suppressing well-known prosurvival pathways, such as Akt and/or ERK1/2 signaling, through a SERPINB2 signaling cascade. Moreover, we also found that acetylsalicylic acid markedly inhibits regenerative capacity-related functions in endometrial stem cells within tissue.

Conclusions

We have found that acetylsalicylic acid has diverse effects on various endometrial stem cell functions related to regenerative capacity. Our findings are a critical step toward the development of more effective therapeutic strategies to increase the chances of successful pregnancy.
Leveraging circulating microbiome signatures to predict tumor immune microenvironment and prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhou Xiaohan , You Liting , Xin Zhaodan , Su Huiting , Zhou Juan , Ma Ying
Published: November 2023

Background

Accumulating evidence supports the significant role of human microbiome in development and therapeutic response of tumors. Circulating microbial DNA is non-invasive and could show a general view of the microbiome of host, making it a promising biomarker for cancers. However, whether circulating microbiome is associated with prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its potential mechanisms on tumor immune microenvironment still remains unknown.

Methods

The blood microbiome data and matching tumor RNA-seq data of TCGA NSCLC patients were obtained from Poore’s study and UCSC Xena. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to identify circulating microbiome signatures associated with overall survival (OS) and construct the circulating microbial abundance prognostic scoring (MAPS) model. Nomograms integrating clinical characteristics and circulating MAPS scores were established to predict OS rate of NSCLC patients. Joint analysis of blood microbiome data and matching tumor RNA-seq data was used to deciphered the tumor microenvironment landscape of patients in circulating MAPS-high and MAPS-low groups. Finally, the predictive value of circulating MAPS on the efficacy of immunotherapy and chemotherapy were assessed.

Results

A circulating MAPS prediction model consisting of 14 circulating microbes was constructed and had an independent prognostic value for NSCLC. The integration of circulating MAPS into nomograms may improve the prognosis predictive power. Joint analysis revealed potential interactions between prognostic circulating microbiome and tumor immune microenvironment. Especially, intratumor plasma cells and humoral immune response were enriched in circulating MAPS-low group, while intratumor CD4 + Th2 cells and proliferative related pathways were enriched in MAPS-high group. Finally, drug sensitivity analysis indicated the potential of circulating MAPS as a predictor of chemotherapy efficacy.

Conclusion

A circulating MAPS prediction model was constructed successfully and showed great prognostic value for NSCLC. Our study provides new insights of interactions between microbes, tumors and immunity, and may further contribute to precision medicine for NSCLC.
Human Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells promote bone formation in immunodeficient mice when administered into a bone microenvironment
Authors: Cabrera-Pérez Raquel , Ràfols-Mitjans Alexis , Roig-Molina Ángela , Beltramone Silvia , Vives Joaquim , Batlle-Morera Laura
Published: November 2023

Background

Wharton’s Jelly (WJ) Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSC) have emerged as an attractive allogeneic therapy for a number of indications, except for bone-related conditions requiring new tissue formation. This may be explained by the apparent recalcitrance of MSC,WJ to differentiate into the osteogenic lineage in vitro, as opposed to permissive bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs (MSC,BM) that readily commit to bone cells. Consequently, the actual osteogenic in vivo capacity of MSC,WJ is under discussion.

Methods

We investigated how physiological bone environments affect the osteogenic commitment of recalcitrant MSCs in vitro and in vivo. To this end, MSC of BM and WJ origin were co-cultured and induced for synchronous osteogenic differentiation in vitro using transwells. For in vivo experiments, immunodeficient mice were injected intratibially with a single dose of human MSC and bone formation was evaluated after six weeks.

Results

Co-culture of MSC,BM and MSC,WJ resulted in efficient osteogenesis in both cell types after three weeks. However, MSC,WJ failed to commit to bone cells in the absence of MSC,BM’s osteogenic stimuli. In vivo studies showed successful bone formation within the medullar cavity of tibias in 62.5% of mice treated with MSC, WJ. By contrast, new formed trabeculae were only observed in 25% of MSC,BM-treated mice. Immunohistochemical staining of human COXIV revealed the persistence of the infused cells at the site of injection. Additionally, cells of human origin were also identified in the brain, heart, spleen, kidney and gonads in some animals treated with engineered MSC,WJ (eMSC,WJ). Importantly, no macroscopic histopathological alterations, ectopic bone formation or any other adverse events were detected in MSC-treated mice.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that in physiological bone microenvironment, osteogenic commitment of MSC,WJ is comparable to that of MSC,BM, and support the use of off-the-shelf allogeneic MSC,WJ products in bone repair and bone regeneration applications.
The incidence, risk factors and outcomes of impaired cerebral autoregulation in aortic arch surgery: a single-center, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Peng Ling , Guo Dan , Shi Yinhui , Yang Jiapei , Wei Wei
Published: November 2023

Background

Impairment of cerebral autoregulation (CA) has been observed in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), but little is known about its risks and associations with outcomes. The cerebral oximetry index (COx), which is a moving linear correlation coefficient between regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2) and mean blood pressure (MAP), may reflect CA function. When COx approaches 1, it implies that CA is damaged, whereas the CA is functional when the COx value approaches 0. The objective of this study was to analyze the incidence and risks of impaired CA, based on COx assessment, in patients undergoing total aortic arch replacement under systemic moderate hypothermia and circulatory arrest of the lower body (MHCA). We also evaluated the association between impaired CA and patient outcomes.

Methods

One hundred and fifty-four adult patients who underwent total aortic arch replacement with stented elephant trunk implantation under MHCA at our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were defined as having new-onset impaired CA if pre-CPB COx < 0.3 and post-CPB COx > 0.3. Pre- and intraoperative factors were tested for independent association with impaired CA. Postoperative outcomes were compared between patients with normal and impaired CA.

Results

In our 154 patients, 46(29.9%) developed new-onset impaired CA after CPB. Multivariable analysis revealed a prolonged low rScO2 (rScO2 < 55%) independently associated with onset of impaired CA, and receiver operating charactoristic curve showed a cutoff value at 40 min (sensitivity, 89.5%; specificity, 68.0%). Compared with normal CA patients, those with impaired CA showed a significantly higher rates of in-hospital mortality and postoperative complications.

Conclusions

Prolonged low rScO2 (rScO2 < 55%) during aortic arch surgery was closely related to onset of impaired CA. Impaired CA remained associated with the increased rates of postoperative complications and in-hospital mortality.

Trial registration

ChiCTR1800014545 with registered date 20/01/2018.
Crizotinib combined with bronchoscopic interventional treatment in ALK-positive inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of left main stem bronchus: a case report
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wang Chenchen , Lv Zechao , Du Mingxiang , Xu Ruixin
Published: November 2023

Background

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT), also known as an inflammatory pseudotumor, is a unique type of intermediate soft tissue tumor that commonly occurred in the lung. Its unclear etiology and cellular activity brought about the confusion not only in naming of it, but also in diagnosis and treatment.

Case presentation

We reported the case of an 18-year-old male student who suffered from shortness of breath, chest tightness and chest pain. Chest computed tomography scan showed a spherical neoplasm blocking left main stem bronchus. After fiberoptic bronchoscopy procedure, the results of histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis indicated an IMT. The targeted next generation sequencing based genomic profiling of the tumor using formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded tissue was performed and a EML4-ALK fusion was detected. The patient began to receive Crizotinib, a ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor, at a dose of 250 mg twice daily orally. The patient has recovered well after the operation, and no recurrence or metastasis has been found after 12 months’ follow-up.

Conclusion

By means of the diagnosis and treatment of this case, the characteristics and therapies of IMT are illustrated. In addition, it also provides a reference for the therapeutic strategy of IMT in the future.
Statistical learning quantifies transposable element-mediated cis-regulation
Authors: Pulver Cyril , Grun Delphine , Duc Julien , Sheppard Shaoline , Planet Evarist , Coudray Alexandre , de Fondeville Raphaël , Pontis Julien , Trono Didier
Published: November 2023

Background

Transposable elements (TEs) have colonized the genomes of most metazoans, and many TE-embedded sequences function as cis-regulatory elements (CREs) for genes involved in a wide range of biological processes from early embryogenesis to innate immune responses. Because of their repetitive nature, TEs have the potential to form CRE platforms enabling the coordinated and genome-wide regulation of protein-coding genes by only a handful of trans-acting transcription factors (TFs).

Results

Here, we directly test this hypothesis through mathematical modeling and demonstrate that differences in expression at protein-coding genes alone are sufficient to estimate the magnitude and significance of TE-contributed cis-regulatory activities, even in contexts where TE-derived transcription fails to do so. We leverage hundreds of overexpression experiments and estimate that, overall, gene expression is influenced by TE-embedded CREs situated within approximately 500 kb of promoters. Focusing on the cis-regulatory potential of TEs within the gene regulatory network of human embryonic stem cells, we find that pluripotency-specific and evolutionarily young TE subfamilies can be reactivated by TFs involved in post-implantation embryogenesis. Finally, we show that TE subfamilies can be split into truly regulatorily active versus inactive fractions based on additional information such as matched epigenomic data, observing that TF binding may better predict TE cis-regulatory activity than differences in histone marks.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that TE-embedded CREs contribute to gene regulation during and beyond gastrulation. On a methodological level, we provide a statistical tool that infers TE-dependent cis-regulation from RNA-seq data alone, thus facilitating the study of TEs in the next-generation sequencing era.
Impact of insulin resistance on mild cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Zhang Hui , Fareeduddin Mohammed Farooqui Huzaifa , Zhu Wenwen , Niu Tong , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Haoqiang
Published: November 2023

Aims

Insulin resistance (IR) is a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Nevertheless, the impact of IR on cognitive dysfunction in T2DM patients with NAFLD remains inadequately understood. We aim to investigate the effect of IR on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in T2DM individuals with NAFLD.

Materials and methods

143 T2DM individuals were categorized into Non-MCI and MCI groups, as well as Non-NAFLD and NAFLD groups. Clinical parameters and cognitive preference test outcomes were compared. Correlation and regression analyses were executed to explore the interconnections between IR and cognitive details across all T2DM patients, as well as within the subgroup of individuals with NAFLD.

Results

In comparison to the Non-MCI group, the MCI group displayed elevated HOMA-IR levels. Similarly, the NAFLD group exhibited higher HOMA-IR levels compared to the Non-NAFLD group. Additionally, a higher prevalence of MCI was observed in the NAFLD group as opposed to the Non-NAFLD group. Notably, HOMA-IR levels were correlated with Verbal Fluency Test (VFT) and Trail Making Test-B (TMTB) scores, both related to executive functions. Elevated HOMA-IR emerged as a risk factor for MCI in the all patients. Intriguingly, increased HOMA-IR not only correlated with TMTB scores but also demonstrated an influence on TMTA scores, reflecting information processing speed function in patients with NAFLD.

Conclusion

IR emerges as a contributory factor to cognitive dysfunction in T2DM patients. Furthermore, it appears to underlie impaired executive function and information processing speed function in T2DM individuals with NAFLD.
Magnetic resonance imaging and next-generation sequencing for the diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis in the intradural spine: a case report
Authors: Lao Xiaojie , Hu Diefei , Ji Lei , Zhan Tingzheng , Li Tiantian , Luo Shuming , Xu Xianli , Zhang Chunlan , Chen Maowei
Published: November 2023

Background

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a parasitic zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. The liver and lungs are the most common sites for infection. Infection of the intradural spine is rare.

Case presentation

A 45-year-old woman of Han ethnicity presented with a chronic history of recurrent lumbar pain. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine revealed the classical characteristic of multiple cystic lesions of variable sizes, manifesting a “bunch of grapes” appearance, localized within the spinal canal at the L4–L5 vertebral level. In the meanwhile, metagenomic next-generation sequencing identified Echinococcosis granulosa. The patient underwent surgery to remove the cyst entirely and subsequently took albendazole 400 mg orally twice daily for 6 months.

Conclusion

Spinal CE should be suspected in patients with multiple spinal cystic lesions and zoonotic exposure. metagenomic next-generation sequencing serves as a robust diagnostic tool for atypical pathogens, particularly when conventional tests are inconclusive. Prompt and aggressive treatment for spinal cystic echinococcosis is imperative, and further research is warranted for improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
User evaluation and feasibility test of an app designed for smoking cessation in Italian people who smoke: preliminary findings from an uncontrolled pre-test post-test open study
Authors: Caponnetto Pasquale , Casu Mirko , Crane David , Ross Louise , Quattropani Maria Catena , Polosa Riccardo
Published: November 2023

Background

mHealth is a public health practice that exploits the use of mobile devices, including smartphone applications. We will describe an uncontrolled pre-test post-test open pilot study concerning the feasibility evaluation of a smartphone App designed to help in smoking cessation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of a smartphone app as a tool for smoking cessation. This study is necessary to the literature because smoking is a major public health concern and has been linked to various health issues such as cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and cancer. While there are several smoking cessation interventions available, the use of mobile devices to aid in smoking cessation is a relatively new and innovative approach that requires further investigation.

Methods

The App “Smoke Free” was configured on the devices of N = 30 participants who smoked combustible cigarette, 13 males and 17 females aged 18 to 55 years, with the indications to use it for 90 days, describe their experience, suggest new features, and report any critical aspect. The study consisted of an initial screening visit to select participants that reflected the inclusion criteria and 4 study visits: a baseline visit, two follow-up visits, and one final visit. We used descriptive stats to summarize results. Repeated measures ANOVA and Wilcoxon test were used to test differences in smoking consumption, self-reported craving, and measured eCO level. Statistical software Jamovi was used for analysis. Interviews were conducted via phone or in-person and analyzed using qualitative description principles.

Results

Participants evaluated the app as having good aesthetic appeal and user-friendliness but being moderately useful, despite some quitting or reducing their smoking behavior. To improve it, participants have proposed features such as more notifications, social network integration, and damage caused by smoking to the body over time for future app updates.

Conclusions

The application was moderately useful with good feasibility, with several suggestions for future updates that could improve its effectiveness.
Esophagectomy for esophageal stricture with systemic sclerosis: a case report
Authors: Ebata Yuho , Kimura Yasue , Nonaka Kentaro , Nambara Sho , Hu Qingjiang , Nakanishi Ryota , Nakanoko Tomonori , Ota Mitsuhiko , Oki Eiji , Yoshizumi Tomoharu
Published: November 2023

Background

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by frequent esophageal involvement. However, there are few reports on esophagectomy for esophageal strictures associated with SSc. Herein, we present a case of successful treatment of an esophageal stricture associated with SSc through subtotal esophagectomy.

Case presentation

A 53-year-old female patient was diagnosed with SSc, interstitial pneumonia, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The patient developed an esophageal ulcer and benign stricture that required a subtotal esophagectomy 10 years after the diagnosis. Histopathological findings revealed thinning of the muscle layer, a characteristic feature of SSc. The patient was free of dysphagia or regurgitation.

Conclusions

An esophagectomy is a valuable option for treating esophageal strictures in SSc. Therefore, surgical approaches should be established for patients with SSc.
Are We Jumping to the Wrong Conclusions? Longer Jumps and More Hops in Female Football Players Who Went on to Sustain a Primary or Secondary ACL Injury Compared to Those Who Did Not
Authors: Fältström Anne , Kvist Joanna , Hägglund Martin
Published: November 2023

Background

Different functional performance tests are used to assess patients in the clinic and before return to sport (RTS), where the rehabilitation goal is to reach good strength and jumping ability. A limb symmetry index of ≥ 90% is a common target in rehabilitation before RTS. The aim of this short communication is to use data from our 2-year prospective cohort study on female football players, either with or without an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, to discuss whether hop performance in 3 commonly used hop tests can inform safe football participation, that is, with a low risk for ACL injury or reinjury.

Method

At baseline, 117 active female football players (mean age ± standard deviation, 20 ± 2 years) were included 19 ± 9 months after ACL reconstruction as well as 119 matched female knee-healthy players (age 19 ± 3 years). All players performed a single hop for distance test, 5-jump test and side hop test at baseline and were then prospectively followed for 2 years. Twenty-eight (24%) players sustained a second ACL injury and 8 (7%) sustained a primary ACL injury.

Results

Longer jumps in the 5-jump test (922 cm vs. 865 cm, Cohen’s d =  − 0.60) and more hops in the side hop test for both limbs (41–42 hops vs. 33–36 hops, d =  − 0.43 to − 0.60) were seen in players who sustained a second ACL injury compared with those who did not. Longer jumps in the single hop for distance test (both limbs) (139–140 cm vs. 124–125 cm, d =  − 0.38 to − 0.44), in the 5-jump test (975 cm vs. 903 cm, d = −0.42) and more hops in the side hop test (both limbs) (48–49 hops vs. 37–38 hops, d =  − 0.38 to − 0.47) were seen in players who sustained a primary ACL injury compared with those who did not.

Conclusions

The average hop performance, i.e. longer jumps or more hops, was greater in players who went on to sustain a primary or secondary ACL injury compared to those who did not over a two-year follow-up period. Even though hop tests are not used in isolation to evaluate readiness to RTS, their interpretation needs consideration in the decision-making process of returning to pivoting sports.
Dietary phytochemical index and psychological disorders in a large sample of Iranian adults: a population-based study
Authors: Darabi Zahra , Vasmehjani Aazam Ahmadi , Salehi-Abargouei Amin , Mirzaei Masoud , Hosseinzadeh Mahdieh
Published: November 2023

Background

Intake of plant foods and phytochemicals can decrease the odds of mental health.

Aim

The aim of study is to investigate the association between Dietary Phytochemical Index (DPI) with symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in a large sample of Iranian adults.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, a total of 7385 adults aged 20–50 years old were provided from the recruitment phase of Yazd Health Study, a population-based cohort research on Iranian adults. Food intakes were assessed via a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress were assessed using a validated Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales questionnaire with 21-items. DPI was calculated by the percent of daily energy intake taken from phytochemical-rich foods.

Results

After adjustment for potential confounders, normal weight subjects in the highest tertile of DPI had lower odds of depression (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.44–0.97) and anxiety symptoms (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.45–0.93) compared with those in the lowest tertile. However, the apparent association was not found between depression, anxiety and stress in overweight and obese subjects.

Conclusion

We found a significant association between DPI and mental health in normal weight adults. Prospective studies are required to approve these conclusions.
Proceedings of international symposium of trends in radiopharmaceuticals 2023 (ISTR-2023)
Authors: Jalilian Amirreza , Decristoforo Clemens , Denecke Melissa , Elsinga Philip H. , Hoehr Cornelia , Korde Aruna , Lapi Suzanne E. , Scott Peter J. H.
Published: November 2023

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) held the 3rd International Symposium on Trends in Radiopharmaceuticals, (ISTR-2023) at IAEA Headquarters in Vienna, Austria, during the week of 16–21 April 2023. This procedural paper summarizes highlights from symposium presentations, posters, panel discussions and satellite meetings, and provides additional resources that may be useful to researchers working with diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals in the academic, government and industry setting amongst IAEA Member States and beyond. More than 550 participants in person from 88 Member States attended the ISTR-2023. Over 360 abstracts were presented from all over the world by a diverse group of global scientists working with radiopharmaceuticals. Given this group of international radiochemists is unique to ISTR (IAEA funding enabled many to attend), there was an invaluable wealth of knowledge on the global state of the radiopharmaceutical sciences present at the meeting. The intent of this Proceedings paper is to share this snapshot from our international colleagues with the broader radiopharmaceutical sciences community by highlighting presentations from the conference on the following topics: Isotope Production and Radiochemistry, Industrial Insights, Regional Trends, Training and Education, Women in the Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, and Future Perspectives and New Initiatives. The authors of this paper are employees of IAEA, members of the ISTR-2023 Organizing Committee and/or members of the EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry Editorial Board who attended ISTR-2023. Overall, ISTR-2023 fostered the successful exchange of scientific ideas around every aspect of the radiopharmaceutical sciences. It was well attended by a diverse mix of radiopharmaceutical scientists from all over the world, and the oral and poster presentations provided a valuable update on the current state-of-the-art of the field amongst IAEA Member States. Presentations as well as networking amongst the attendees resulted in extensive knowledge transfer amongst the various stakeholders representing 88 IAEA Member States. This was considered particularly valuable for attendees from Member States where nuclear medicine and the radiopharmaceutical sciences are still relatively new. Since the goal is for the symposium series to be held every four years; the next one is anticipated to take place in 2027.
Performance of the FACT-GOG-Ntx to assess chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) in pediatric high risk Hodgkin lymphoma: report from the Children’s Oncology Group AHOD 1331 study
Authors: Parsons Susan K. , Rodday Angie Mae , Pei Qinglin , Keller Frank G. , Wu Yue , Henderson Tara O. , Cella David , Kelly Kara M. , Castellino Sharon M.
Published: November 2023

Background

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is an under-recognized complication of several chemotherapy agents used as part of curative-intent therapy for Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL). In the absence of validated self- or proxy-report measures for children and adolescents, CIPN reporting has relied on clinician rating, with grading scales often restricted to severe manifestations. In a proof-of-concept study, we assessed the feasibility and psychometric performance of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Gynecologic Oncology Group-Neurotoxicity (FACT-GOG-Ntx), a unidimensional CIPN symptom scale widely used adults with CIPN, in pediatric HL at risk for CIPN.

Methods

Youth (11+ years) and parents of all children (5–17.9 years) with newly diagnosed high-risk HL enrolled on Children’s Oncology Group AHOD1331 (NCT02166463) were invited to complete the FACT-GOG-Ntx and a health-related quality of life (HRQL) measure at pre-treatment (Time 1), and during cycles 2 (Time 2) and 5 (Time 3) of chemotherapy during the first half of study accrual. Clinical grading of CIPN by providers was also assessed using the Balis Pediatric Neuropathy Scale. We evaluated Cronbach’s alpha, construct validity, and agreement between raters. Change in FACT-GOG-Ntx scores over time was assessed using a repeated measures model.

Results

306 patients had at least one completed FACT-GOG-Ntx with time-specific completion rates of > 90% for both raters. Cronbach’s alpha was > 0.7 for youth and parent-proxy report at all time points. Correlations between FACT-GOG-Ntx and HRQL scores were moderate (0.41–0.48) for youth and parent-proxy raters across all times. Youth and parent-proxy raters both reported worse FACT-GOG-Ntx scores at Time 3 for those who had clinically-reported CIPN compared to those who did not. Agreement between raters was moderate to high. Compared to baseline scores, those at Time 3 were significantly lower for youth (β = − 2.83, p < 0.001) and parent-proxy raters (β = − 1.99, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

High completion rates at all time points indicated feasibility of eliciting youth and parent report. Psychometric performance of the FACT-GOG-Ntx revealed acceptable reliability, evidence of validity, and strong inter-rater agreement, supporting the use of this self- or proxy-reported measure of CIPN in youth with high-risk HL exposed to tubulin inhibitors, as part of a Phase 3 clinical trial.

Clinical trial information: Clinical Trials Registry, NCT02166463. Registered 18 June 2014, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT02166463
A novel technique for safe blind percutaneous tracheotomy: retrospective case-series study on three hundred eighty-six patients
Authors: Beshay Bassem N. , Elbardan Islam M. , Moustafa Moustafa A. , Shehab Ahmed S.
Published: November 2023

Background

Griggs’ technique with assisting tools for bedside percutaneous tracheotomy (PDT) is safe and fast and carries few complications in expert hands. Assisting tools are not routinely available in many ICUs. The study aims to evaluate the impact of a novel technique for blind percutaneous tracheotomy on success rate, duration of the procedure, and rate of complications. This retrospective case-series study was conducted in the different intensive care units in Alexandria University Hospitals. Three hundred eighty-six patients were recruited from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2021. After skin incision and blunt pre-tracheal dissection, a needle was inserted to access the airway, transfixing the endotracheal tube (ETT). A change in the alignment of the needle tip inside the trachea from caudal to cranial accompanied the withdrawal of the ETT off the trachea. In situ caudal needle redirection for subsequent guidewire passage distally into the trachea was done. The rest of the procedure was continued as Griggs’ technique.

Results

The success rate was 100%. The procedure duration (in seconds) was 125.73±19.52. No procedure-related deaths or major intra-operative complications were encountered. Only three patients developed pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema, managed by intercostal tube insertion.

Conclusions

The novel technique for blind percutaneous tracheotomy was successful with no significant procedure-related complications. The duration of the procedure was comparable to the literature.
Labile graphitic monolayers as a partition phase for containment of organic chemicals by graphene-based nanomaterials
Authors: Chen Jui-Te , Hou Wen-Che , Lin Tsair-Fuh , Chiou Cary T.
Published: November 2023

Graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNMs) (e.g., graphene oxides and carbon nanotubes) display superior electronic and thermal conductivities and varying abilities to contain organic substances. This study sheds light to the idea that GBNMs behave as a dual sorbent, rather than a sole adsorbent, to extract nonionic organic solutes from water by both (competitive) adsorption and (noncompetitive) partition because of the solute interactions with various GBNM nanostructures formed by atomically-thin graphitic monolayers. Essential solute-sorption data with three model GBNMs from this research and similar data from the literature lead to a coherent view that labile graphitic monolayers in GBNMs undergo a liquid-like motion at room temperature to retain nonionic organic solutes by partition while structurally rigid graphitic clusters behave as adsorbents. Because the partition is noncompetitive, the GBNMs possessing high levels of labile graphene layers, as reflected by high BET surface areas, are capable of sequestering vastly higher levels of multiple organic solutes (especially, those of liquids) than conventional adsorbents, e.g., activated carbon (AC). Moreover, the postulated dual functionality of GBNMs makes sense of many otherwise puzzling phenomena, such as the highly concentration-dependent solute competitive effect with certain GBNMs and highly variable “adsorbed capacities” per unit surface area for different organic solutes with a GBNM versus those by a conventional adsorbent (e.g., graphite or AC).

Graphical Abstract