bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Full-Thickness Macular Hole Formation in the Postoperative Period After Initial Vitrectomy for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Authors: Takashina Hirotsugu , Watanabe Akira , Tsuneoka Hiroshi
Published: December 2017

Background and Objective: To evaluate full-thickness macular hole (MH) formation in the postoperative period after initial vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (rRD). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 4 consecutive eyes that required additional vitrectomy for full-thickness MH between April 2013 and March 2016 after undergoing an initial vitrectomy for rRD. Results: Epiretinal membrane (ERM) was identified by preoperative optical coherence tomography or intraoperative dye staining in each case. Photocoagulation of retinal breaks prior to initial vitrectomy was performed in Cases 1, 2, and 3 (4–16 days), with yttrium-aluminum-garnet capsulotomy after cataract extraction also performed prior to the retinal break formation in Case 3. At the initial vitrectomy, there was a superior retinal break which crossed the equator in Case 2, and an intentional hole was created in Cases 1 and 4. The mean interval from the initial vitrectomy until MH formation was 27.5 ± 15.8 months. As with Case 2, the intervals in Cases 1 and 4, in which an intentional hole was created, were clearly shorter than in those in Case 3. Finally, MH closure was achieved after an additional vitrectomy (removal of the internal limiting membrane with ERM and gas tamponade) and best-corrected visual acuity improved in each case. Conclusion: ERM was identified in the cases examined in our study. The presence of an intentional hole might shorten the interval of MH formation after vitrectomy for rRD.
Laparoscopic Resection of an Epithelial Cyst in an Intrapancreatic Accessory Spleen
Authors: Suzumura Kazuhiro , Hatano Etsuro , Okada Toshihiro , Asano Yasukane , Uyama Naoki , Nakamura Ikuo , Hai Seikan , Ichikawa Nobutaka , Nakasho Keiji , Fujimoto Jiro
Published: December 2017

An epithelial cyst in an intrapancreatic accessory spleen (ECIAS) is rare. We herein report a case of a patient with ECIAS who underwent laparoscopic surgery. A 57-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of a pancreatic tail tumor. She was asymptomatic, and a physical examination revealed no remarkable abnormalities. The levels of the tumor marker carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and s-pancreas-1 antigen (SPan-1) were elevated. Ultrasonography showed a well-defined homogeneous cystic tumor. Computed tomography showed a well-demarcated cystic tumor in the pancreatic tail. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the cystic tumor exhibited low intensity on T1-weighted images and high intensity on T2-weighted images. The cystic tumor was diagnosed as mucinous cystic neoplasm preoperatively. The patient underwent laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy. A histopathological examination revealed the cyst wall to be lined by stratified squamous epithelium within splenic parenchyma, and the ultimate diagnosis was ECIAS. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 12. ECIAS is very difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Laparoscopic surgery is a safe and minimally invasive procedure for patients with difficult-to-diagnose pancreatic tail tumor suspected of having low-grade malignancy.
Vedolizumab as a Potential Culprit in the Development of Ovarian Teratoma?
Authors: Trieu Judy A. , Bilal Mohammad , Luthra Gurinder
Published: December 2017

Vedolizumab is a new humanized monoclonal antibody that has been reserved for those with moderate-to-severe Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis who have failed immunomodulator and TNF-α antagonist therapy, and for those who have an increased risk for developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Because it targets gastrointestinal tract-specific lymphocytes, meta-analyses and integrated studies have shown that vedolizumab causes fewer extraintestinal adverse effects, such as opportunistic infections and malignancies, compared with anti-TNF therapies. We present the case of a patient who developed an ovarian teratoma after initiation of vedolizumab therapy.
Late Apical Recurrence of Choroidal Melanoma 10 Years after Successful Treatment with Brachytherapy
Authors: Shih Grace C. , Le Bao han A. , Correa Zelia M. , Sibug-Saber Maria E. , Kim Jonathan W. , Berry Jesse L.
Published: December 2017

Purpose: To describe late apical relapse of a choroidal melanoma at the site of fine needle aspiration biopsy 10 years following successful treatment with 125I brachytherapy. Methods: Retrospective case report of a 78-year-old male presenting 10 years following successful 125I brachytherapy for a choroidal melanoma with a medium-sized nodular amelanotic tumor recurrence at the site of the prior tumor biopsy. Results: Fundus photography and B-scan ultrasound documented the findings at presentation at our institution. The patient was followed closely for 8 weeks while information was retrieved from the treating institution. During this short period, there was significant apical tumor growth. Additionally, there was a clear clinical change compared to the last documented photos from 5 years prior at the treating institution. Enucleation was recommended. Pathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of recurrent choroidal melanoma at the apex of the treated lesion, at the site of prior biopsy. Systemic surveillance was negative for metastatic disease. Conclusion: Current literature suggests the majority of choroidal melanoma recurrences occur within 5 years following treatment. However, this case of recurrence 10 years after brachytherapy emphasizes the importance of life-long ophthalmic care for these patients. Additionally, this case demonstrates the possibility of a rare recurrence at a prior biopsy site.
Bitot’s Spots following Bariatric Surgery: An Ocular Manifestation of a Systemic Disease
Authors: Crum Amanda R. , Srikumaran Divya , Woreta Fasika
Published: December 2017

Background: To present a case of ocular complications from vitamin A deficiency following bariatric surgery. Case Report: A 41-year-old woman presented with symptoms of dryness and diminished night vision. Examination revealed corneal punctate staining, keratinization of the conjunctiva, and multiple mid-peripheral white lesions at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium. Given the patient’s history of bariatric surgery, anemia, and vitamin D deficiency, further investigation into micronutrient levels was performed and indicated a severe vitamin A deficiency. Oral vitamin A supplementation resulted in the complete resolution of her symptoms within two months. Conclusions: Nutritional deficiencies following bariatric surgery are common and can be disruptive to normal systemic health and visual function. Given that the number of patients pursuing bariatric surgery for weight loss management has increased over the past 50 years, eye care professionals should be aware of the ophthalmic manifestations associated with micronutrient deficiency.
Eighteen Month Interval Growth of Terminal Ileal Primary Adenocarcinoma: A Consideration for Current Screening Guidelines
Authors: Nazari Matthew , Lee Alice , Rosenblum Jared , Baba Tilak , Kallus Samuel
Published: December 2017

Primary adenocarcinoma of the small intestine comprises one of the rarest gastrointestinal malignancies. Further, the terminal ileum is very seldom implicated. This entity occurs sporadically and evades traditional colonoscopic evaluation in which the terminal ileum is not visualized. Herein, a case of interval development of primary terminal ileal adenocarcinoma over a 2-year period is reported as followed by direct endoscopic and colonoscopic visualization. This case demonstrates cecal involvement not found on initial evaluation without the provision of terminal ileum intubation. Relevant guidelines regarding the evaluation of the terminal ileum in routine colonoscopy are reviewed.
Observations on the courtship behavior and nesting in Phyllomedusa venusta (Anura: Phyllomedusidae) from a seasonally dry forest in Colombia
Authors: Mendoza-Roldán Juan Salvador
Published: December 2017

I investigated the reproductive behavior of the poorly known leaf frog Phyllomedusa venusta. Courtship, amplexus, and nesting were observed during the rainy season in an ephemeral pool surrounded by forest. Based on the behavior of a single, amplectant pair, it seems likely that physical stimulation may play a role in courtship in this leaf frog that shows little vocalization. A second amplectant pair formed a nest, with leaves surrounding the clutch in a funnel. Both ends of the nest were plugged with empty jelly egg capsules, which also were dispersed throughout the egg mass. A separate spawn was collected, containing 390 viable eggs. By wrapping eggs in leaves, and depositing water in empty egg capsules in the egg mass and jelly plugs, the frogs doubtless protect developing embryos from desiccation, an important adaptation for leaf-nesting among phyllomedusids.
TEMAS DE LITERATURA E CULTURA:OS DESAFIOS DA EDUCAÇÃO LITERÁRIA NO SISTEMA DE ENSINO TIMORENSE
Authors: Ramos Ana Margarida
Published: December 2017

Este texto apresenta sucintamente o programa da nova disciplina de Temas de Literatura e Cultura que, desde janeiro de 2012, passou a integrar a Componente de Ciências Sociais e Humanidades do Ensino Secundário Geral de Timor-Leste, em resultado do projeto de reestruturação curricular levado a cabo por uma equipa coordenada pela Doutora Isabel P. Martins, da Universidade de Aveiro (Portugal), dando conta dos princípios que nortearam a sua criação e esclareceram as escolhas curriculares realizadas. Analisa o seu processo de implementação no terreno, as principais dificuldades encontradas e antecipa alguns dos desafios futuros com vista ao desenvolvimento da educação literária num país sem tradição do seu ensino.
LITERATURA E PENSAMENTO POLÍTICO EM DOIS ROMANCES DE DYONÉLIO MACHADO
Authors: Salgado Marcus Rogerio
Published: December 2017

O objetivo do artigo é apresentar um estudo sobre as formas de articulação do texto literário com o pensamento político nas obras Endiabrados e Proscritos, do escritor sul rio-grandense Dyonélio Machado. Escritos entre finais dos anos de 1950 e a década de 1960, os romances propõem um painel onde é representada a dinâmica sociopolítica do Brasil naquele período histórico. Uma de suas particularidades é a presença de um personagem escritor, por meio do qual abrem-se potencialmente as possibilidades de debate sobre o papel do intelectual na sociedade de classes.
A POLÍTICA EM JOSÉ SARAMAGO: FORMA E CONTEÚDO
Authors: Garlet Deivis Jhones , Umbach Rosani Ketzer
Published: December 2017

Apesar da desconfiança frente à política, especialmente ao se considerar a práxis dos políticos profissionais e a emergência da episteme pós-moderna, é importante ressaltá-la como um espaço entre os homens, o qual deve ser construído de maneira responsável e com a primazia no bem comum. É nesse sentido que entendemos a atuação de José Saramago – como cidadão e como artista –, ao promover a valorização de um conteúdo humanista-democrático. Argumentaremos que tal conteúdo axiológico, no romance saramaguiano, se realiza em razão de uma estrutura (plano das ações) dialética, a qual se harmoniza com o humanismo e com a democracia, além de impedir uma estética panfletária e dogmática.
MEMÓRIA, POLÍTICA E IDEOLOGIA: BELMIRO, UM PROUSTIANO NA PERIFERIA DO CAPITALISMO
Authors: Fogal Alex Alves , Araújo Bárbara Del Rio
Published: December 2017

A proposta do estudo é refletir como as relações entre literatura e política se articulam em O Amanuense Belmiro, obra que inicialmente fora classificada pela crítica literária como psicologizante e sentimentalista. Assim como no paradigma dos grandes romances memorialísticos, a exemplo À la recherche du temps perdu, o intimismo revela, para além do lirismo, as questões políticas e ideológicas, elementos indispensáveis para a configuração estética. No caso do romance de Cyro dos Anjos, o tom proustiano acaba por se conformar os aspectos locais, conjugando o mais refinado memorialismo à periferia do capitalismo.
LEVANTADO DO CHÃO: O ROMANCE COMO RECUPERAÇÃO DA HISTÓRIA / RAISED FROM THE GROUND: NOVEL FICTION AS HISTORY
Authors: Fauri Ana Leticia
Published: December 2017

RESUMO: Este ensaio analisa as implicações históricas do primeiro grande romance de José Saramago, Levantado do Chão. Muito embora tenha publicado livros até pouco tempo, parece importante, diante do panorama atual, reavaliar as críticas desenvolvidas nesta e a partir desta narrativa ficcional. Para tanto, valho-me também de outras obras do autor, bem como de Verissimo e García Márquez, sem descurar do caráter original que a história portuguesa assume aqui. Propõe-se uma discussão sobre a representação do sujeito e a revisão de temas como discurso hegemônico, identidade, justiça e disparidade social, na busca de liberdade de expressão e da reavaliação de uma parcela da história portuguesa.
OS ÓRFÃOS DA ILHA DE LUANDA EM SE O PASSADO NÃO TIVESSE ASAS – OU A HISTÓRIA RECENTE DE UM VASTO SEGMENTO DA SOCIEDADE ANGOLANA
Authors: Ferreira Patrícia Isabel Martinho , Simas-Almeida Leonor
Published: December 2017

Em Se o passado não tivesse asas (2016), Pepetela convida o leitor a mergulhar na realidade angolana pós-colonial. A recorrência dos topoi da orfandade e da escassez servem de enquadramento para a análise do romance aqui proposta. Seguindo a trajetória de vida da protagonista – Himba/Sofia, este ensaio propõe a discussão dos problemas sociais provocados pela guerra civil e pela má distribuição da riqueza. Argumenta-se que o corte da protagonista com o passado está intimamente relacionado com a sua condição de órfã de guerra. O sucesso material alcançado pela protagonista contrapõe-se ao seu insucesso emocional, como se esta jovem fosse, no final do romance, atingida por um outro tipo de orfandade (a dos afetos), exigindo do leitor um olhar crítico sobre a “ditadura da ganância” que grassa na Angola de hoje.
MAKTUB: ESCRITA, POLÍTICA E OCULTAMENTO DO FEMININO EM LAVOURA ARCAICA
Authors: Brito Junior Antonio Barros de , Sperb Maria Petrucci
Published: December 2017

O artigo discute a ocultação do feminino em Lavoura Arcaica, apontando para a imprescindibilidade do agenciamento narrativo para a manutenção da Lei patriarcal. Além disso, ele argumenta que a performance da personagem Ana tem consequências políticas, o que motiva a elaboração masculinista do discurso do narrador. Remetendo ao Complexo de Édipo, contestamos a hipótese de André como o transgressor, para, ao contrário, situá-lo em consonância com a política falocêntrica. Tendo como referência a obra de Judith Butler, o texto dimensiona a inevitabilidade, fabricada e imposta pela Lei, do silenciamento feminino e as consequências políticas causadas por essa subjetividade quando enunciada.
NAZIAZENO BARBOSA: UM HOMEM NO BRASIL DOS ANOS 1930
Authors: Silva Rejane Vecchia Rocha e , Mattos Tatiane Reghini de
Published: December 2017

Este artigo busca analisar a constituição de Naziazeno Barbosa, o protagonista de Os Ratos, romance escrito por Dyonélio Machado, atentando para as relações entre a estruturação do romance e o contexto histórico, social e político em que foi produzido.
MUSICALIDADE NA POESIA MODERNA: UMA ZONA DE INDISCERNIBILIDADE
Authors: Breunig Tiago Hermano
Published: December 2017

O presente artigo revisa a questão da simultaneidade proposta pelas vanguardas, as quais abrem uma zona de indiscernibilidade entre poesia e a música. Para tanto, recuperamos o problema da representação musical, ou seja, da ininteligibilidade, aconceptualidade ou irreferencialidade dos sons ou signos musicais, que escapam a uma compreensão racional, reverberando a condição da vida moderna de dissociação da percepção sensorial e intelectual.
UMA FACA SÓ LÂMINA: A METÁFORA DE INVENÇÃO COMO METÁFORA ABSOLUTA
Authors: Sammer Renata Bellicanta
Published: December 2017

A partir do diálogo estabelecido entre João Cabral de Melo Neto e Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, o presente artigo examina um aspecto pouco considerado da poesia cabralina, qual seja, o seu vínculo com a poetologia seiscentista. Veremos como nesse diálogo a poesia é aproximada de uma filosofia da imagem, que, embora ensaística em suas intenções, arrisca uma definição de poesia ao aproximá-la de uma arte combinatória na qual a metáfora é o recurso principal. Embora dono de uma escrita formal, Cabral não se deixa enformar. Ao explorar a dimensão formal da poesia, desenvolve uma filosofia da imagem voltada à construção de metáforas (algo semelhante a uma metaforologia). Desse modo, o prosaico confunde-se com o sublime, o tangível com o inefável. Da poética de Murilo Mendes Cabral herdou o gosto pela construção de imagens, adotando ferramentas voco-visuais – rimas e aliterações –, assim cultivando a característica plasticidade da linguagem. Dedicando-se à cuidadosa construção de versos de modo a captar o mundo em sua justeza, Cabral revela certo gosto pela produção de imagens que sua leitora e interlocutora Sophia não deixa de notar e de exaltar. A metáfora da faca que rege o diálogo exemplifica a filosofia da imagem cabralina que, apesar da clareza de seus versos e da constância de suas estrofes, distancia o poeta brasileiro do cartesianismo que lhe é frequentemente atribuído. Para evidenciar esse aspecto da poesia de Cabral percebido pela poeta portuguesa, recorreremos à metaforologia de Hans Blumenberg, aproximando a sua “metáfora absoluta” da “metáfora de invenção”, amplamente explorada pelos conceptistas, para enfim examinar a metáfora da faca que conduz o diálogo entre os poetas. Por essa particular compreensão da metáfora, Cabral se aproxima de uma filosofia da imagem, circunstancial, palpável, formal e rigorosa, que não se reduz à tendência cartesiana a estabelecer referências e substâncias. Pois imagens são constituídas por um conjunto de relações, e não por uma única relação que eventualmente estabelecem com um mundo de objetos. Assim, essa filosofia da imagem trata de uma inteligibilidade formal, além da referencial. Pela metáfora da faca, Cabral afia o olho do engenho pela imaginação, como sugerido pela leitura seiscentista da retórica aristotélica e por sua leitora, Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen.
INENIGMÁTICA: O DESLOCAMENTO DO LEITOR NO CORPO DA POESIA BRASILEIRA CONTEMPORÂNEA
Authors: Santos Jacimara Vieira
Published: December 2017

A literatura brasileira contemporânea, em seus diversos gêneros, opera o deslocamento de termos, lugares e teorias com as quais estamos familiarizados, mobilizando, inclusive, outras formas de comunicação com o público leitor. Não obstante, certas tensões continuam latentes, a despeito, por exemplo, de questionamentos entre o lugar do autor e o do narrador; entre verdades biográficas e verdades imaginativas; entre a ficcionalização da verdade e a desrealização da vida real, em que margens tênues parecem cobrar olhos atentos e dilatação conceitual. Neste contexto, a poesia, ao passo que se comunica com seu tempo, dele se distancia, voltando-se contra a tendência às experiências superficiais, das quais a leitura apressada realizada por indivíduos imersos na tônica da contemporaneidade que, ainda assim, são seus potenciais interlocutores. Em Inenigmática (2014), Dilson Solidade Lima, por meio da constituição dos sujeitos poéticos, acena para o lugar do leitor no jogo criativo da poesia, cercando o espaço extraliterário com um discurso poético que provoca o campo perceptual de quem se propõe a trilhar o caminho das palavras. A proposta deste estudo é investigar a potência comunicativa da obra, no sentido do que requer na composição de sutis jogos de leitura, de forma a forçar o deslocamento do leitor, retirando-o de seu suposto lugar de passividade contemplativa e, concomitantemente, propor o debate sobre os campos teóricos tradicionais acerca dos lugares consagrados a cada um.
Vascular Semaphorin 7A Upregulation by Disturbed Flow Promotes Atherosclerosis Through Endothelial β1 Integrin
Authors: Hu Shuhong , Liu Yifei , You Tao , Heath Jack , Xu Linru , Zheng Xiaowei , Wang Aili , Wang Yinyan , Li Fengchan , Yang Fei , Cao Yiren , Zhang Huayu , van Gils Janine M. , van Zonneveld Anton Jan , Jo Hanjoong , Wu Qingyu , Zhang Yonghong , Tang Chaojun , Zhu Li
Published: December 2017

Objective—

Accumulating evidence suggests a role of semaphorins in vascular homeostasis. Here, we investigate the role of Sema7A (semaphorin 7A) in atherosclerosis and its underlying mechanism.

Approach and Results—

Using genetically engineered
Sema7A
−/−
ApoE
−/−
mice, we showed that deletion of Sema7A attenuates atherosclerotic plaque formation primarily in the aorta of
ApoE
−/−
mice on a high-fat diet. A higher level of Sema7A in the atheroprone lesser curvature suggests a correlation of Sema7A with disturbed flow. This notion is supported by elevated Sema7A expression in human umbilical venous endothelial cells either subjected to oscillatory shear stress or treated with the PKA (protein kinase A)/CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) inhibitor H89 (
N
-[2-(p-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide·2HCl hydrate). Further studies using the partial carotid artery ligation model showed that disturbed flow in the left carotid artery of
Sema7A
+/+
ApoE
−/−
mice promoted the expression of endothelial Sema7A and cell adhesion molecules, leukocyte adhesion, and plaque formation, whereas such changes were attenuated in
Sema7A
−/−
ApoE
−/−
mice. Further studies showed that blockage of β1 integrin, a known Sema7A receptor, or inhibition of FAK (focal adhesion kinase), MEK1/2 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2), or NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) significantly reduced the expression of cell adhesion molecules and THP-1 (human acute monocytic leukemia cell line) monocyte adhesion in Sema7A-overexpressing human umbilical venous endothelial cells. Studies using chimeric mice suggest that vascular, most likely endothelial, Sema7A plays a major role in atherogenesis.

Conclusions—

Our findings indicate a significant role of Sema7A in atherosclerosis by mediating endothelial dysfunction in a β1 integrin–dependent manner.
β‐Blocker Therapy Prior to Admission for Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients Without Heart Failure or Left Ventricular Dysfunction Improves In‐Hospital and 12‐Month Outcome: Results From the GULF‐RACE 2 (Gulf Registry of Acute Coronary Events‐2)
Authors: Abi Khalil Charbel , AlHabib Khalid F. , Singh Rajvir , Asaad Nidal , Alfaleh Hussam , Alsheikh‐Ali Alawi A. , Sulaiman Kadhim , Alshamiri Mostafa , Alshaer Fayez , AlMahmeed Wael , Al Suwaidi Jassim
Published: December 2017

Background

The prognostic impact of β‐blockers (
BB
) in acute coronary syndrome (
ACS
) patients without heart failure (
HF
) or left ventricular dysfunction is controversial, especially in the postreperfusion era. We sought to determine whether a
BB
therapy before admission for
ACS
has a favorable in‐hospital outcome in patients without
HF
, and whether they also reduce 12‐month mortality if still prescribed on discharge.

Methods and Results

The
GULF
‐
RACE
2 (Gulf Registry of Acute Coronary Events‐2) is a prospective multicenter study of
ACS
in 6 Middle Eastern countries. We studied in‐hospital cardiovascular events in patients hospitalized for
ACS
without
HF
in relation to
BB
on admission, and 1‐year mortality in relation to
BB
on discharge. Among the 7903 participants, 7407 did not have
HF
, of whom 5937 (80.15%) patients were on
BB
. Patients on
BB
tended to be older and have more comorbidities. However, they had a lower risk of in‐hospital mortality, mitral regurgitation,
HF
, cardiogenic shock, and ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation. Furthermore, 4208 patients were discharged alive and had an ejection fraction ≥40%. Among those, 84.1% had a
BB
prescription. At 12 months, they also had a reduced risk of mortality as compared with the non‐
BB
group. Even after correcting for confounding factors in 2 different models, in‐hospital and 12‐month mortality risk was still lower in the
BB
group.

Conclusions

In this cohort of
ACS
,
BB
therapy before admission for
ACS
is associated with decreased in‐hospital mortality and major cardiovascular events, and 1‐year mortality in patients without
HF
or left ventricular dysfunction if still prescribed on discharge.
An illustrated catalogue of the New Zealand marsh beetles (Coleoptera: Scirtidae)
Authors: KIAŁKA AGATA , RUTA RAFAŁ
Published: December 2017

In this study we summarise the knowledge of the history and current state of research on the New Zealand Scirtidae to provide a base for further research on the family. Data on Tord Nyholm’s research and collections are presented, based on a study of the archives and collection of Swedish Museum of Natural History. The main part of the paper is a catalogue of all described species of Scirtidae known to occur in New Zealand. A total of 11 genera and 126 species of Scirtidae is recorded for New Zealand, with 82% genera and 100% of species endemic to the New Zealand region. A reference to the original description, type locality, type depository and the known distribution within New Zealand is included for each species. Primary type specimens are illustrated for most species. Type species are designated in the present paper for Cyphanus Sharp, 1878 (type species: Cyphanus debilis Sharp, 1878), Mesocyphon Sharp, 1878 (type species: Mesocyphon marmoratus Sharp, 1878), and Veronatus Sharp, 1878 (type species: Anobium tricostellum White, 1846) as they were not fixed in the original descriptions or in subsequent works. Brounicyphon Pic, 1947 is considered a junior subjective synonym of Veronatus. Cyphon huttoni Sharp, 1878 is transferred to the genus Contacyphon Gozis, 1886.
A revision of the grunter genus Syncomistes (Teleostei, Terapontidae, Syncomistes) with descriptions of seven new species from the Kimberley region, northwestern Australia
Authors: SHELLEY JAMES J. , DELAVAL AURÉLIEN , FEUVRE MATTHEW C. LE
Published: December 2017

The systematics of the genus Syncomistes Vari, 1978 endemic to freshwater habitats of remote northwestern Australia, is reviewed in light of recent collections in the region and a fine scale molecular study of the group that identified new taxa. Based primarily on external morphology, seven taxa are described as new: Syncomistes bonapartensis sp. nov., S. carcharus sp. nov., S. dilliensis sp. nov., S. holsworthi sp. nov., S. moranensis sp. nov., S. wunambal sp. nov. and S. versicolor sp. nov. The species complexes Syncomistes butleri Vari, 1978 and S. trigonicus Vari, 1978 are resolved and redescribed, and S. kimberleyensis Vari, 1978 and S. rastellus Vari & Hutchins, 1978 are redescribed based on juvenile and adult specimens. Finally, a neotype is provided for S. trigonicus sensu stricto in place of the destroyed holotype. Meristic and morphometric data are collected and analysed for the entire genus. Syncomistes have a broad range of meristic and morphometric character differences between species, and juveniles and adults, as well as variations in colour. The head, particularly feeding structures such as the jaw and dentition, were found to be the most important morphological features in discriminating between taxa. Some characters undergo distinct ontogenetic shifts in form, which are discussed. Of note, four of the new species, and seven from the entire genus, are narrow-range endemics, each found in single river systems, and are thus of conservation concern.
Validation of the trauma mortality prediction scores from a Malaysian population
Authors: Tan Jih Huei , Tan Henry Chor Lip , Noh Nur Azlin Md , Mohamad Yuzaidi , Alwi Rizal Imran
Published: December 2017

Background

Well-known trauma mortality prediction scores such as New Injury Severity Score (NISS), Revised Trauma Score (RTS), and Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) have been externally validated from high-income countries with established trauma databases. However, these scores were never used in Malaysian population. In this current study, we attempted to validate these scoring systems using our regional trauma surgery database.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of the regional Malaysian Trauma Surgery Database was performed over a period of 3 years from May 2011 to April 2014. NISS, RTS, Major Trauma Outcome Study (MTOS)-TRISS, and National Trauma Database (NTrD)-TRISS scores were recorded and calculated. Individual scoring system’s performance in predicting trauma mortality was compared by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve. Youden index and associated optimal cutoff values for each scoring system was calculated to predict mortality. The corresponding positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the cutoff values were calculated.

Results

A total of 2208 trauma patients (2004 blunt and 204 penetrating injuries) with mean age of 36 (SD = 16) years were included. There were 239 deaths with a corresponding mortality rate of 10.8%. The AUC calculated for the NISS, RTS, MTOS-TRISS, and NTrD-TRISS were 0.878, 0.802, 0.812, and 0.848, respectively. The NISS score with a cutoff value of 24, sensitivity of 86.6% and specificity of 74.3%, outperformed the rest (p < 0.001). Mortality was predicted by NISS with an overall accuracy of 75.6%; its positive predictive value was at 29.02% and negative predictive value at 97.86%.

Conclusion

Amongst the four scores, the NISS score is the best trauma mortality prediction model suited for a local Malaysian trauma population. Further validation with multicentre data in the country may require to ascertain the finding.
Use of electroanalgesia and laser therapies as alternatives to opioids for acute and chronic pain management
Authors: White Paul F. , Elvir Lazo Ofelia Loani , Galeas Lidia , Cao Xuezhao
Published: December 2017

The use of opioid analgesics for postoperative pain management has contributed to the global opioid epidemic. It was recently reported that prescription opioid analgesic use often continued after major joint replacement surgery even though patients were no longer experiencing joint pain. The use of epidural local analgesia for perioperative pain management was not found to be protective against persistent opioid use in a large cohort of opioid-naïve patients undergoing abdominal surgery. In a retrospective study involving over 390,000 outpatients more than 66 years of age who underwent minor ambulatory surgery procedures, patients receiving a prescription opioid analgesic within 7 days of discharge were 44% more likely to continue using opioids 1 year after surgery. In a review of 11 million patients undergoing elective surgery from 2002 to 2011, both opioid overdoses and opioid dependence were found to be increasing over time. Opioid-dependent surgical patients were more likely to experience postoperative pulmonary complications, require longer hospital stays, and increase costs to the health-care system. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention emphasized the importance of finding alternatives to opioid medication for treating pain. In the new clinical practice guidelines for back pain, the authors endorsed the use of non-pharmacologic therapies. However, one of the more widely used non-pharmacologic treatments for chronic pain (namely radiofrequency ablation therapy) was recently reported to have no clinical benefit. Therefore, this clinical commentary will review evidence in the peer-reviewed literature supporting the use of electroanalgesia and laser therapies for treating acute pain, cervical (neck) pain, low back pain, persistent post-surgical pain after spine surgery (“failed back syndrome”), major joint replacements, and abdominal surgery as well as other common chronic pain syndromes (for example, myofascial pain, peripheral neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, degenerative joint disease/osteoarthritis, and migraine headaches).
Predictors of outcome in phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas
Authors: Nicolas Marlo , Dahia Patricia
Published: December 2017

Phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are catecholamine-secreting neuroendocrine tumours characterised by high rates of heritability and genetic heterogeneity. Despite advances in the genetic diagnosis and improved understanding of the molecular aberrations underlying these tumours, predictive markers of malignancy remain scarce, limiting the outlook of patients with metastatic PPGL. The identification of robust predictive markers remains the most pressing challenge in PPGL management, so that the potential of targeted therapy to impact patient care can be fully realised.
PERFIL SOCIOEPIDEMIOLÓGICO DOS PORTADORES DO HTLV EM UM MUNICÍPIO DO SUDOESTE BAIANO
Authors: Morais Maria Tereza Magalhães , Caires Sarah Silva
Published: December 2017

O objetivo do estudo foi traçar o perfil epidemiológico e sociodemográfico dos pacientes portadores do Vírus Linfotrópico de Células T Humanas (Human T Lymphotropic Vírus), conhecido pela sigla HTLV, em um município do sudoeste baiano, Brasil, entre maio e julho de 2014, em um serviço especializado em Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis (DST) HIV/AIDS, hepatites virais e HTLV. Foram pesquisados todos os pacientes cadastrados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAM), com diagnóstico para o HTLV, entre os anos de 1999 e 2013. As variáveis sociodemográficas analisadas foram: gênero; data de nascimento; grau de escolaridade; raça/cor; residência/zona e data de notificação. Foram contabilizados 198 pacientes, a maioria com idade entre 26 e 50 anos, do sexo feminino, cor parda, residente da zona urbana e com ensino fundamental incompleto. A maior parcela das mulheres era não gestante e o ano com mais notificações foi 2012. Conhecer o perfil socioepidemiológico dos portadores do HTLV é importante para que se desenvolvam campanhas voltadas para a população vulnerável, bem como para planejar ações voltadas à prevenção e o controle desta infecção.
HÁ EVIDÊNCIAS DE QUE VULNERABILIDADES SOCIOAMBIENTAIS AFETAM O CONTROLE DA PRESSÃO ARTERIAL DE HIPERTENSOS?
Authors: Dias Carlos Alberto , Guedes Gilvan Ramalho , Umbelino Glauco José de Matos , Soares Marina Mendes , Rodrigues Suely Maria , Pereira Thamiris de Assis
Published: December 2017

Este artigo analisa a possível influência da localização das residências e das vulnerabilidades socioambientais sobre o controle da Pressão Arterial (PA) de indivíduos hipertensos. Realizaram-se entrevistas domiciliares, aferição da PA e georreferenciamento das residências de 641 hipertensos atendidos pelas Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, selecionados aleatoriamente segundo os critérios de proporcionalidade e estratificação por faixa etária. Os dados revelaram existir uma homogeneidade na distribuição espacial da doença no grupo amostrado, bem como indicaram que as características deste ambiente urbano não exercem influência significativa sobre o controle da PA. A ocorrência da Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e o controle da PA parecem estar mais associados à genética do indivíduo e seus hábitos de vida do que às características do ambiente onde reside o hipertenso.
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DA MORTALIDADE NO MUNICÍPIO DE SENHORA DO PORTO, MINAS GERAIS, 2000 – 2014
Authors: Silva Antonio Carlos Lima
Published: December 2017

Analisar o perfil epidemiológico da mortalidade em Senhora do Porto-Minas Gerais (MG), no período de 2000 a 2014. Método: Foram calculadas frequências simples absolutas e percentuais para as variáveis: gênero, causa da morte, local do óbito e faixa etária. Resultados: Entre 2000 e 2014, foram notificadas 449 mortes em residentes de Senhora do Porto. Verificou-se que 272 óbitos (60,6%) aconteceram em ambiente hospitalar e 273 óbitos (60,8%) acometeram idosos. Dentre as causas das mortes: 20% das mortes estavam relacionadas às doenças do aparelho circulatório; 13,6% às doenças do aparelho respiratório; 9,6% às causas externas e 8,7% às neoplasias. Uma frequência de 13,4% dos óbitos foi registrada como causa mal definida. Conclusão: O SIM mostrou-se uma importante ferramenta no diagnóstico e controle das causas de morbimortalidade em Senhora do Porto-MG, que apresentou como perfil mais evidente de mortalidade os indivíduos homens, idosos e que vieram a óbito devido a doenças dos sistemas circulatório e respiratório.
Model-assisted measuring method for periodical sub-wavelength nanostructures
Authors: Alexe Gabriela , Tausendfreund Andreas , Stöbener Dirk , Fischer Andreas
Published: December 2017

This paper describes a scatterometry approach designed by simulations
for the in-line characterization of sub-wavelength sinusoidal
gratings, which are formed on a transparent foil in a roll-to-roll
procedure. Currently used methods are based on series of in
situ measurements of the specular optical response at
different incident angles or wavelengths for acquiring dimensional
information on the gratings. The capability of single measurements of
the first diffraction maxima at a fixed incident angle and wavelength
to accurately measure the height of the sub-wavelength sinusoidal
gratings is investigated in this work. The relation between the
scattered powers of the diffraction maxima and the grating height is
extracted from light scattering simulations, i.e., the inverse problem
is solved. Optimal setup parameters for the measurement of grating
heights ranging from 100 nm to 300 nm are derived from simulations.
Limits of measurability and the measurement uncertainty are evaluated
for different instrumentation and simulation parameters. When using
laser light in the visible wavelength range, the measurement
uncertainty is physically limited by the photon shot noise to the
picometer range, but the systematic contributions dominate the
uncertainty. As a result, the measurement uncertainty for the grating
height is estimated to ≤12  nm , with a potential for
<4  nm . Large-area scanning measurements
performed offline and reference atomic force microscopy measurements
verify the sensitivity of the presented measurement approach for
identifying local variations of the spatial surface properties.
Depending on the chosen detection system, sampling rates up to the MHz
range are feasible, meeting the requirements of in-line process
control of the roll-to-roll production process.
Sentidos e Significados Atribuídos à Escrita por Estudantes do Curso de Pedagogia após a Finalização do Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso
Authors: Almeida Amorim Rejane Maria de , Corrêa e Castro Marcelo Macedo
Published: December 2017

Este artigo apresenta a análise das respostas de cinco concluintes do Curso de Pedagogia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) a um questionário estruturado, por meio do qual se buscou compreender que sentidos e significados atribuíam à escrita acadêmica ao final do curso. A análise foi desenvolvida considerando-se aportes teóricos da psicologia sócio-histórica, tendo Vygotski como autor central. A busca pela compreensão dos sentidos e significados seguiu a metodologia dos núcleos de significação (Aguiar & Ozella, 2006). O estudo chegou a quatro núcleos de significação: (1) Eu não sabia escrever; (2) Os trabalhos e provas eram devolvidos com notas, mas nada esclarecendo sobre a forma de escrever; (3) Minha escrita de monografia foi um caminho maravilhoso; e (4) A escrita cobrada ao longo da universidade serviu como suporte para a escrita da monografia.
Percepciones para la intervención social desde la competencia intercultural de profesionales
Authors: Fernández-Borrero Manuela Ángela , Relinque-Medina Fernando , Martí-García Susana
Published: December 2017

En este trabajo mostramos un análisis de las respuestas dadas por profesionales de los servicios sociales comunitarios a supuestos prácticos relacionados con la intervención profesional en contextos de diversidad cultural. Se pretende conocer si las respuestas a estos supuestos se relacionan con características de la intervención profesional, rasgos personales y con variables como la Competencia Intercultural y la Sensibilidad Intercultural. Han participado 253 profesionales (psicólogos, trabajadores sociales y educadores sociales). Se han realizado análisis de varianza, asociaciones con contingencia, correlaciones y Análisis Factorial de Correspondencias. Los resultados muestran que la profesión no influye en dar una respuesta adecuada a los supuestos. En cambio, tener formación en diversidad y contacto con personas de origen extranjero presentan asociaciones significativas con responder adecuadamente a ciertos supuestos. Hemos obtenido una tipología de cuatro clases diferenciadas según las respuestas, dos positivas respecto a la resolución de los supuestos y su vinculación con la competencia intercultural y dos con carácter negativo.
Tungsten in the Second World War: China, Japan, Germany, the Allies and Iberia
Authors: Thomàs Joan Maria
Published: December 2017

El artículo estudia la producción, comercio –legal e ilegal– y aprovisionamiento del mineral estratégico wolframio/tungsteno tanto por parte de los de los Aliados como del Eje durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Analiza al mayor productor mundial de este mineral, China, los acuerdos comerciales firmados por Chiang Kai-shek en la preguerra con la Alemania nazi, la URSS y Gran Bretaña y la evolución de los mismos durante el conflicto mundial. Analiza igualmente a Japón, sus dificultades para hacerse con el wolframio chino y su dependencia de Corea. En cuanto a la Alemania nazi estudia su aprovisionamiento de mineral chino hasta 1941 y posteriormente en la península ibérica, dificultado por las compras preventivas aliadas en España y Portugal. Estudia el caso de EE. UU., su progresivo autoaprovisionamiento en el hemisferio occidental, el puente aéreo establecido entre China e India para extraer el wolframio y la distribución de cantidades del mismo en Gran Bretaña y la URSS. El artículo incluye una evaluación de la importancia del wolframio dentro del conjunto de materiales estratégicos utilizados por los contendientes en la guerra y concluye que la estrategia aliada de dificultar o impedir el aprovisionamiento del enemigo contribuyó a disminuir su uso y lesionar la efectividad de su maquinaria de guerra.
General Equilibrium Model for an Asymmetric Information Economy Without Delivery Upper Bounds
Authors: Urai Ken , Yoshimachi Akihiko , Shiozawa Kohei
Published: December 2017

In this paper, we introduce production into the standard general equilibrium model with asymmetric information, which was proposed by Dubey et al. (Cowles Foundation Discussion Paper 2000; Econometrica 2005). In such an economy, there is no rational explanation for producers’ delivery upper bounds while the endowments naturally limit consumers’ deliveries. However, we show that the typical equilibrium allocation of the asymmetric information economy necessarily and substantially depends on such exogenous upper bounds (Example 1 and Theorem 1). In other words, an equilibrium existence theorem without such upper bounds, even if such exists, will typically fail to treat the asymmetric information problem, e.g., the adverse selection problem. Hence, to treat the equilibrium existence problem under the informational asymmetry appropriately, we have to extend the standard model so that the delivery upper bounds need not to be specified explicitly. For this purpose, we propose a quite natural and realistic assumption with respect to the technological condition related to the market delivery, i.e., the existence of some small standardization, commoditization, and/or transaction costs of market deliveries is shown to be sufficient (Theorem 3).
Chitosan/chondroitin sulfate aerogels with high polymeric electroneutralization degree: formation and mechanical properties
Authors: Orellana Sandra L. , Giacaman Annesi , Vidal Alejandra , Morales Carlos , Oyarzun-Ampuero Felipe , Lisoni Judit G. , Henríquez-Báez Carla , Morán-Trujillo Luis , Concha Miguel , Moreno-Villoslada Ignacio
Published: December 2017

The formation of ultralight, highly porous solid materials (porosity higher than 99%) containing equivalent molar amounts of chitosan (CS) and chondroitin sulfate (ChS) is presented. First, we show protocols to produce colloidal suspensions of assembled polymer nanocomplexes by simultaneously mixing equimolar amounts of the oppositely charged polysaccharides, preventing macroprecipitation. The colloidal suspensions were then freeze-dried to form the active aerogels. Apparent density in the order of 100–101 mg/cm3 was achieved. The materials show low stiffness (Young’s modulus of about 2 kPa), which make them easy to handle for clinical applications, and easy to compress, pack, store and transport. These characteristics promote them as cheap, safe and biodegradable materials able to be used for several therapeutic purposes, such as wound healing.
L’écospiritualité est-elle une corrélation?
Authors: Lobo Marcela
Published: December 2017

In this article, we want to examine how the method of correlation of Paul Tillich is implemented in the present-day concept of ecospirituality as worked by Michel-Maxime Egger. According to us, more than an attitude, Egger’s ecospirituality can be understood as a real method, in theology, to “answer" the question of the ecological crisis, by avoiding partial and dualist answers and to come to a spiritual theology of nature.
Correlating the Question of Polarization with the Symbol of Transfiguration
Authors: Stenger Mary Ann
Published: December 2017

This article uses Tillich’s method of correlation to analyze the missing center and polarization in American religion and culture and to propose the symbol of transfiguration/transfiguring as a theological response. In partial agreement with Tillich’s and Mark C. Taylor’s theologies, this analysis focuses on the quest for meaning beyond polar opposites. The second part correlates this quest with the symbol of transfiguration as an image of transcendence in the midst of the finite world. The symbol of transfiguring will be compared to Eastern Orthodox deification, Taylor’s figuring, disfiguring, and refiguring, and Tillich’s New Being and Spiritual Presence, focusing on both religious experience and transfiguring actions.
Investigating Plant Pathogen Responses: Using a Common Moss and a Soil Pathogen to Demonstrate Plant Defense Mechanisms
Authors: Schenck Tyler , Villani Philip
Published: December 2017

Plant–pathogen interactions are often omitted as a topic in most introductory and upper-level biology courses. The infection process of the plant pathogen Pythium irregulare on the moss Mnium cuspidatum can be observed and exploited to provide lessons on host–pathogen responses, as well as introduce other biological topics such as microscopy, spectrophotometry, and enzymes. Students can qualitatively analyze plant responses to pathogen infection using microscopy and observe quantitative enzyme responses to draw conclusions. Students are also encouraged to generate hypotheses and test them using this biological system as a method to develop scientific skills.
A Captive Breeding Program for the Giant Amazonian Whip Spider: Making Educational Connections to a Charismatic Arachnid and the Ongoing Sixth Mass Extinction
Authors: Wagler Ron
Published: December 2017

Heterophrynus batesii (the Giant Amazonian Whip Spider) are often referred to as “whip scorpions” or “whip spiders” because of their very long antenniform legs (i.e., whips), but they are neither scorpions nor spiders. They are amblypygids, a type of harmless charismatic arachnid with an alien-like appearance that students are drawn to. I have developed care and breeding techniques that are effective at getting H. batesii to live and reproduce in captivity. I developed these techniques with other science teachers in mind. These techniques are simple, time efficient, utilize the least expensive materials, and require minimal space—important characteristics since most high school biology teachers are limited by time, money, and space. This article instructs high school biology students (under the guidance of their teacher) how to properly care for and develop a captive breeding program for H. batesii in their high school biology classroom. Topics, resources, and activities are also suggested that allow teachers to make educational connections between the H. batesii captive breeding program, the ongoing sixth mass extinction, and the destruction of the Amazon rainforest.