bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Krylov methods for large-scale CBCT reconstruction
Authors: Sabaté Landman Malena , Biguri Ander , Hatamikia Sepideh , Boardman Richard , Aston John , Schönlieb Carola-Bibiane
Published: May 2023

Krylov subspace methods are a powerful family of iterative solvers for linear systems of equations, which are commonly used for inverse problems due to their intrinsic regularization properties. Moreover, these methods are naturally suited to solve large-scale problems, as they only require matrix-vector products with the system matrix (and its adjoint) to compute approximate solutions, and they display a very fast convergence. Even if this class of methods has been widely researched and studied in the numerical linear algebra community, its use in applied medical physics and applied engineering is still very limited. e.g. in realistic large-scale computed tomography (CT) problems, and more specifically in cone beam CT (CBCT). This work attempts to breach this gap by providing a general framework for the most relevant Krylov subspace methods applied to 3D CT problems, including the most well-known Krylov solvers for non-square systems (CGLS, LSQR, LSMR), possibly in combination with Tikhonov regularization, and methods that incorporate total variation regularization. This is provided within an open source framework: the tomographic iterative GPU-based reconstruction toolbox, with the idea of promoting accessibility and reproducibility of the results for the algorithms presented. Finally, numerical results in synthetic and real-world 3D CT applications (medical CBCT and μ-CT datasets) are provided to showcase and compare the different Krylov subspace methods presented in the paper, as well as their suitability for different kinds of problems.
Evaluation and validation of radial impurity density profiles from CXRS using neutral beam modelling in W7-X
Authors: Romba T , Reimold F , Jaspers R J E , Edmondson A J , Ford O P , Geiger B , Jabłoński S , Kubkowska M , Neelis T W C , Poloskei P Zs , Vanó L , Klinger T
Published: May 2023

Absolute radial impurity density profiles in the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator (W7-X) are derived from charge exchange recombination spectroscopy using modelling of the neutral beam. The approach is validated via cross comparisons of the neutral beam attenuation, the radial localization of ion temperature measurements, as well as a comparison of the effective plasma charge determined by other diagnostics. The latter implies the validity of the obtained absolute density levels. The simulation based approach novel to W7-X allows to assess the neutral beam halo population, introducing corrections to the shape and amplitude of determined impurity density profiles. To illustrate the capabilities of the derived impurity density profiles, the particle transport properties in a W7-X discharge heated by electron cyclotron resonance heating were assessed. Density profiles for various impurities are found to be flat, consistent with dominant anomalous diffusion in the range 0.1–5.0 m2 s−1. This range of the anomalous transport in such plasmas is in line with other impurity diagnostics at W7-X.
Generation of hyperentangled photon pairs based on lithium niobate waveguide
Authors: Chen 陈 Yang-He 洋河 , Jiang 姜 Zhen 震 , He 何 Guang-Qiang 广强
Published: May 2023

Generation of hyperentangled photon pairs is investigated based on the lithium niobate straight waveguide. We propose to use the nonlinear optical process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) and a well-designed lithium niobate waveguide structure to generate a hyperentangled (in the polarization dimension and the energy-time dimension) two-photon state. By performing numerical simulations of the waveguide structure and calculating the possible polarization states, joint spectral amplitudes (JSA), and joint temporal amplitudes (JTA) of the generated photon pair, we show that the generated photon pair is indeed hyperentangled in both the polarization dimension and the energy-time dimension.
Firmware implementation of a recurrent neural network for the computation of the energy deposited in the liquid argon calorimeter of the ATLAS experiment
Authors: Aad G. , Calvet T. , Chiedde N. , Faure R. , Fortin E.M. , Laatu L. , Monnier E. , Sur N.
Published: May 2023

The ATLAS experiment measures the properties of particles
that are products of proton-proton collisions at the LHC. The
ATLAS detector will undergo a major upgrade before the high
luminosity phase of the LHC. The ATLAS liquid argon calorimeter
measures the energy of particles interacting electromagnetically in
the detector. The readout electronics of this calorimeter will be
replaced during the aforementioned ATLAS upgrade. The new electronic
boards will be based on state-of-the-art field-programmable gate
arrays (FPGA) from Intel allowing the implementation of neural
networks embedded in firmware. Neural networks have been shown to
outperform the current optimal filtering algorithms used to compute
the energy deposited in the calorimeter. This article presents the
implementation of a recurrent neural network (RNN) allowing the
reconstruction of the energy deposited in the calorimeter on Stratix
10 FPGAs. The implementation in high level synthesis (HLS) language
allowed fast prototyping but fell short of meeting the stringent
requirements in terms of resource usage and latency. Further
optimisations in Very High-Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware
Description Language (VHDL) allowed fulfilment of the requirements
of processing 384 channels per FPGA with a latency smaller than
125 ns.
CO2 fertilization enhances vegetation productivity and reduces ecological drought in India
Authors: Dubey Nivedita , Ghosh Subimal
Published: May 2023

Higher warming will affect more regions globally with intensified agricultural and ecological droughts. Higher CO2 concentration improves vegetation’s water use efficiency (WUE), but its potential to alleviate extreme agricultural and ecological droughts is unclear. India is the second-highest contributor to global greening, having two of the eight global hottest biodiversity hotspots. Here, for the first time, using the CMIP6 earth system models (ESMs), we found an increase in the net vegetation productivity in India at the rate of 10.552 TgC year−1 with 1% per year increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration from 285 ppm to 1140 ppm, contrary to global trends. The improved WUE resulting from carbon fertilization and higher rain under warming will supersede the increased evapotranspiration water loss due to radiative effects. We found that the substantial increase in vegetation productivity in India attributes to plant physiology, and such factor needs to be considered in the drought projections.
Numerical simulation of a floating-type point absorber wave energy converter
Authors: Srinivasamurthy Sharath
Published: May 2023

Wave energy converters (WEC) have been researched extensively to harvest large amounts of untapped ocean renewable energy. Floating-type point absorbers are a type of WEC that converts the ocean wave energy to electrical energy, by utilizing the relative motion of multi-body system mainly consisting of a floating section and a reaction section. The design of floating-type point absorbers is not straightforward and needs special attention to understand the dynamics of the multi-body system, and power take-off (PTO) mechanism placed in the reaction section. The purpose of this study is to develop a numerical simulation tool which can help understand various dynamics of a floating-type WEC and aid in the practical design of PTO systems. The PTO mechanism is represented using a spring-damper system and theoretical modelling of mean absorbed power is presented. The numerical simulation is developed in Orcaflex and is carried out on a demonstration model to show the usefulness of the developed tool. The heave displacement shows the effect of damping (PTO) on the motion response of the floating-type WEC. It is found that the maximization of absorbed power is possible using the developed simulation tool for a specific sea state. Furthermore, the results show the potential use of the developed tool for other floating-type WEC concepts.
Numerical Analysis of Double Stack Blade Savonius Wind Turbine with Secondary Blades
Authors: Ajarostaghi Seyed Soheil Mousavi , Mousavi Seyed Sina , Bhojaraju Chandrasekhar
Published: May 2023

In this work, the performance of the Savonius vertical axis wind turbine with secondary blades was investigated numerically. The impacts of two geometric parameters of the secondary blades, including the height of secondary blades (h) and the distance between the main and the secondary blades (b) on the output torque were analyzed. Numerical simulations were performed by a commercial CFD code, ANSYS FLUENT 18.2. Numerical results show that employing secondary blades has a constructive impact on the output torque compared to the case without secondary blades. Moreover, the studied geometric parameters of the secondary blades have a significant impoact on the performance of the proposed turbine. It can be seen that by increasing the height of secondary blades, the angular position of the maximum torque is shifted. At b = 2.5 mm, the difference between the models is more comparable. Models h = 6 and 12 mm have the highest output torque, although with a slight difference between them. Model h = 12 mm has the highest output torque. At b = 7.5 mm, the difference between the models is more comparable than b = 2.5 mm. Model h = 12 mm has the highest output torque and models h = 3 and 6 mm are in the next levels. Obtained results in the second section demonstrate that by growing the distance between the secondary and the main blades, in the case of h = 3 mm, the produced torque declines. Furthermore, by increasing the distance between the secondary and the main blades from b = 0 mm to b = 2.5 mm and b = 7.5 mm, the amount of torque produced decreases by 17.33 and 26.66%, respectively. Moreover, by augmenting the distance between the secondary and main blades from b = 2.5 mm to b = 7.5 mm (200% growth), the produced torque decreases by 11.3%.
Rubberized Geopolymer Mortar and Concrete: A Comprehensive Review.
Authors: Arjun Raj P K , Sarath D , Nagarajan Praveen , Shashikala A. P.
Published: May 2023

In many crucial structural applications, a material’s ability to withstand impact is of the utmost importance. The use of crumb rubber particles as a partial replacement of natural aggregates forms rubberized geopolymer concrete (RuGPC), which is found to have great impact resistance and energy absorption capacity. Geopolymer paste and natural aggregates alone are weak in handling the impact loads. The field of Civil engineering has been looking into ways for the last few years to use solid waste and ecologically friendly raw materials as components of concrete in building to embrace sustainability. Greenhouse gas emissions from cement manufacturing and the depletion of natural aggregates are two major issues the construction industry is currently experiencing. RuGPC, which combines the benefits of geopolymer concrete (GPC) and rubberized concrete to create a practical, sustainable building material, has been a hot topic for the past few years. In this paper, the fresh properties, strength and durability characteristics, mixing procedure and curing properties, dynamic and impact properties, microstructures and thermal properties of rubberized geopolymer mortar and concrete are comprehensively reviewed.
Study on the effectiveness of prefabricated cage system reinforcement in columns
Authors: Thejarathnam T , Prashanth M H , Kuttagola Imran
Published: May 2023

The concrete is the primary vertical load bearing component in a reinforced concrete column whereas the steel cage provides additional vertical load carrying capacity along with the confinement of core concrete. The research paper will focus on the performance of Prefabricated Cage System (PCS) Reinforcement in square columns. Eight columns were casted and tested, out of which two are rebar reinforced columns and six are PCS reinforced columns. There were two test groups, each group containing one rebar column and three PCS columns. In this study work is done to compare the performance of a PCS reinforced column to a rebar reinforced column, in addition comparing PCS cages of differently sized grid openings. The objective is to theoretically, experimentally, and numerically investigate the PCS column for its load carrying capacity and displacement capacity. From the results it is observed that as the size of opening of a PCS reinforced column increase, the load carrying capacity increases as the concrete running through the openings can strengthen the connection. Hence to improve the effectiveness of the PCS columns the spacing of openings should be increased. Further, the stiffness and energy absorption are more in rebar reinforced column compared to all PCS columns.
Numerical investigation of the hybrid reinforced concrete beam using GFRP bars
Authors: Kumar Aditya , Prashanth M H , Kuttagola Imran
Published: May 2023

The numerical study of the hybrid reinforced concrete beam using GFRP bars has been explored in this research. Finite element software ABAQUS had been used for numerical investigation. In the present research, the use of GFRP bars as a replacement to steel reinforcing bars for longitudinal reinforcement is attempted. Further, a RC beam by using GFRP as longitudinal reinforcement and steel rebars as transverse reinforcement is compared with the conventional steel reinforced concrete beam. The beams are tested for three-point bending using numerical simulation under displacement control. By performing the numerical modelling, load, strain and displacement data has been attained. Further, by using the output data, stress-strain curves of concrete, load versus strain variations in tension bars and load versus deflection curves are plotted. The stresses, deflections, strain developed in longitudinal bars, load carrying capacity, energy absorption are then calculated using the data and are compared. From the results it is observed that, the load carrying capacity decreases by 16% and the energy absorption increases by 29% when longitudinal steel bars are replaced by GFRP bars.
Supplemented desalinated seawater using sulfuric acid activated zeolit as hydroponic medium for mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Iriany A , Hasanah F , Widyanto N D , Farahdina F A R
Published: May 2023

Sufficient agricultural water for irrigation is an important factor in food production, yet available fresh water only occupies 1% of the water on the earth. Seawater, through desalination, becomes rational solution to provide agricultural water due to abundant quantities and beneficial nutrients for crops. Hydroponic using desalinated seawater as medium is an approach to accomplish food security, especially in the arid and coastal areas. This study aimed to examine the growth of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) on a blend of fresh water and desalinated seawater using sulfuric acid activated zeolite as hydroponic medium. The experiment consisted of one control (100% fresh water+AB mix) and treatments namely a blend of 70% fresh water and 30% desalinated seawater using sulfuric acid activated zeolite with various sulfuric acid concentrations i.e 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, and 3.5 N. The growth of mustard in blend of 70% fresh water and 30% desalinated seawater was lower than fresh water. A blend of 70% fresh water and 30% desalinated seawater using 1.5 N sulfuric acid activated zeolite showed no significant different mustard growth compared with fresh water medium and the fresh weight reduction was about 24%. Insignificant different growth between optimum treatment and control indicated a simple desalination method in this study can be utilized to desalinating seawater for hydroponic medium purpose. This finding emphasized that the simple seawater desalination method in this study for hydroponic medium was promising and interesting to be further developed for sustainable water management and agriculture.
The effectiveness of biosilica and liquid organic fertilizer application on growth and yields of lowland rice
Authors: Barus J , Endriani  , Tambunan RD , Soraya  , Herdiansyah E
Published: May 2023

The study aimed to investigate the response of superior rice variety (Inpari 33) to the combined fertilization of inorganic fertilizers with organic and biosilica fertilizers to its growth and productivity. Field activities carried out in rice fields at Sidowaluyo Village, Sidomulyo District, South Lampung Regency, Indonesia. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Block Design with four replications with the treatments were: A. Control (without liquid biosilica or organic fertilizer application); B. Liquid biosilica sprayed on the plants at 21 and 42 days after planting (DAP), 2 l/ha/application; C. Liquid biosilica applied at 21 and 42 DAP, 4 l/ha/application; D. Liquid organic fertilizer applied at 40 and 47 DAP, 1 l/ha/application; and E. Liquid organic fertilizer applied at 40 and 47 DAP, 2 l/ha/application. Results showed that organic liquid fertilizer application at 40 and 47 DAP 2 l/ha/dose increases the number of panicles, grains, rice yields, and straw weight. The application of liquid organic fertilizer increased rice yields by 9.9 % (from 7.10 to 7.88 tons/ha) and rice straw weight by 13.23% (from 11.15 to 12.85 tons/ha) compared to the control. However, the application of biosilica could not increase rice yields or straw weight.
Identification of Morphological and Physiochemical Characteristics, Flowering Periods, and Genetic Relationship of Citrus Species
Authors: Hardiyanto  , Devy N. F. , Sugiyatno A.
Published: May 2023

Variety improvement program of citrus in Indonesia has still been prioritized, therefore, characterization and identification of varieties within and/or among citrus species are absolutely required in order to obtain desired varieties based on market demand needs. The aim of this research was to determine morphological characteristics, flowering periods, and the genetic relationship of four citrus species. This study was carried out at Indonesia Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research Institute (ICISFRI). A total of 12 varieties derived fromCitrus reticulataBlanco,Citrus sinensisL. Osbeck,Citrus aurantifolia(Christm.) Swingle), andCitrus lemon(L.) Burm. F was used for morphological description. The genetic relationship was evaluated by morphological and molecular analyses using Inter-simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR). The result showed that variations of morphological characters were identified either within or among four citrus species.Citrus reticulataBlanco had the highest physiochemical contents. In terms of flowering periods, varieties that belong toCitrus reticulataBlanco, andOrtaji(Citrus sinensisL. Osbeck) required 9 to 11 days for fully blooming after flower bud; whereasMontaji(Citrus limon(L.) Burm. F) andNimas(Citrus aurantifolia(Christm.) Swingle) needed 16 days. In both morphological and molecular analyses, 12 varieties were classified into two main clusters, however, some differences were found between the two dendrograms. The genetic relationship of four citrus species based on similarity coefficient ranged from 1 to 25 (morphological analyses) and 0.62 to 0.90 (ISSR marker), respectively. The highest genetic relationship derived from both analyses was performed byKrismaversusMonita, andKrismaversusOrlinda Kuning, respectively. Morphological analyses are still needed to complement molecular analyses in citrus classification in order to produce desired new citrus varieties in order to create sustained citrus agribusiness in Indonesia.
Assessment of morphological characterization and genetic diversity of lime and lemon accessions using ISSR marker
Authors: Devy Nirmala F. , Hardiyanto  , Andayani Sri
Published: May 2023

Despite the fact that lime and lemon groups have been collected as germplasm in the Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Research Institute, a limited amount of research has been conducted on the identification and evaluation of these species. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological, anatomy, genetic polymorphism, and relationships among 16 lime and lemon accessions based on six ISSR markers. The research was conducted at Punten Experimental Garden, Batu, East Java, Indonesia from January to December 2021 in order to describe the morphology and anatomy characteristics. The results showed that 109 DNA bands were considered for the ISSR analysis, of which 88.1% were polymorphic. The dendrogram showed that the accessions were separated into two main groups at a coefficient of 0.62. The first group was divided into three clusters, i.e. A, B, and C consist of introduced varieties, most of the local lemons, and limes, respectively. The second group has only a single member (Limo Kwit). The closest genetic distances were between Cai Kahuripan and Lemon Jumbo (88.1%) and Uereka with Lime Bearr (88.3%). In contrast, the lowest ones were Montaji with Lemo Kwit (52.9%) and Lemon Swanggi with Jari Buda (51.2%). In general, genetic traits reflected in existing clusters contributed to differences in their morphology and anatomy of plants. It is assumed that the local accession of Lemo Kwit is a hybrid of subgenus papeda, so it is separated from the lime and lemon groups that belong to Cluster II. This finding is very useful for breeding programs in Indonesia.
Blast and Bacterial Diseases of Some Seed-dressed Rice Varieties in Yogyakarta.
Authors: Pustika Arlyna B. , Widyayanti Setyorini , Supriadi Khojin
Published: May 2023

Pyricularia grisea (blast disease) and bacterial diseases resulted rice yield loss. Tolerant varieties and seed-dressing are expected reduces the disease. This research was aimed to define the effect of tolerant varieties and seed - dressing to the incidence of blast and bacterial diseases. Research was conducted at endemic area in Yogyakarta Indonesia from November 2021 to March 2022. The experiment was designed in randomized block with 2 factors and 4 replications. Factor 1 was variety: Inpari 32 HDB, Inpari 45 Dirgahayu and Inpari 48 Blas as tolerant variety and Sunggal as common variety. Factor 2 was seed treatment: Pseudomonas fluorencens solutions, consortia of antagonist fungi and bacterium, and fungicide Trisiklazol 225 g l−1 and Azoksistrobin 75 g l−1. Results showed that tolerant varieties was significantly reduced blast and BLB. The highest incidence of blast and bacterial diseases were found at Sunggal, while not found at Inpari 45 Dirgahayu and Inpari 48 Blas. Meanwhile, bacterial diseases was found at low level at the 3 tolerant varieties. Bacterial disease found in this research was BLB (Bacterial Leaf Blight), BRS (Bacterial Red Stripe) and BLS (Bacterial Leaf Streak). Result also showed that seed treatment did not affect the reduction of blast and bacterial disease. At other site, highest yield (10.18 ton ha−1) was obtained from Inpari 32 HDB which was treated with consortia of antagonist fungi and bacterium. Hence, the 3 tested tolerant varieties was promising to be established at the endemic area in the agro ecosystem of irrigated rice in Yogyakarta Indonesia.
A low-cost and eco-friendly approach for rapid discrimination between authentic and feeding Luwak arabica coffees
Authors: Yulia M , Ningtyas K R , Kuncoro S , Aurum F S , Suhandy D
Published: May 2023

Authentic Luwak arabica coffees are expensive and available in the market in a very limited quantity. For this reason, feeding Luwak arabica coffees at a cheaper price is becoming popular for substitution the authentic Luwak arabica coffees in the specialty coffee market. In the form of coffee powder, it is quite hard to visually inspect the difference between authentic and feeding Luwak arabica coffees. In this study, we proposed a low-cost and eco-friendly approach to discriminate between authentic and feeding Luwak arabica coffees. This method works by preparing aqueous Luwak coffee samples using hot-distilled water. The absorbance data of a total of 200 samples of authentic and feeding Luwak arabica coffees in the wavelength of 190-1100 nm were obtained using a benchtop UV-visible spectrometer. Chemometrics using both unsupervised and supervised methods were demonstrated. The results confirmed authentic Luwak arabica coffees could be well discriminated from feeding Luwak arabica coffees with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 100% could be obtained. This method could be easily implemented in the specialty coffee market to avoid Luwak coffee fraud.
Effect of Biopolymer Matrix on Slow Release Capacity From Biopesticides Based on Citronella Oil
Authors: Herawati H , Yuliani S , Hoerudin  , Hernani  , Noveriza R , Rahmini  , Wahyuningsih K
Published: May 2023

. Some biopolymer materials can be used as filler to increase the slow release capacity of the active component. Technology modification of biopesticide production processes to increase its slow release capacity can use sodium alginate, maltodextrin and CMC (Carboxy Methyl Celluose). The purpose of this research activity was to modify the formulation of the use of several types and concentrations of biopolymers and analyze the characteristics of slow release in citronella oil-based biopesticides. The research method was carried out in stages including: produced nano emulsions, added biopolymer matrices and analyzed their characteristics as well as the slow release capacity of biopesticides with citronella oil ingredients. The biopolymer concentration ranges added are 1, 2 and 5%. While the addition of CMC was done using concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 2%. Based on the results of the study showed that the maximum addition of maltodextrin was 2% and the maximum CMC addition was 1%. Whereas addition of Sodium alginate results in unstable biopesticide products and separate solutions. The size of the droplet has a range between 131.8 to 177.1 nm. Based on the results of the analysis of citronella components and dl-Limonene experiencing fluctuating releases during 0 to 12 days. The next research activity requires optimization of activities before implementation at the field level.
Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Starch Extracted from Indonesian Specialty Corn: Efforts to Increase the Value of Biodiversity
Authors: Agustinisari Iceu , Luna Prima , Joni Munarso S
Published: May 2023

There is a lack of information regarding the characteristics and potential of specialty corn in Indonesia, resulting in its limited use as a raw material in the corn processing industry. Starches were isolated from four varieties of biodiversity-specialty corn (Srikandi Kuning, Srikandi Ungu, Pulut Uri, and Provitamin A), one line of specialty corn (Dent-type), and one imported corn from Argentina. The aim of this study was to gather data on the physicochemical and functional properties of Indonesian specialty corn starch, which is to be used as the base to increase the value of those biodiversity. Starch yields ranged from 34.30 to 49.22%. The starches met the SNI (Indonesian National Standard) requirements for both water content (6.90–8.72%) and white degree value (86.40–105.46%). There were variations in the starch contents of starches from 72.03 to 82.75%, and in the amylose contents from 6.32 to 31.47%. Starch granules showed oval and polygonal shapes with sizes ranging from 2.93 to 18.36 mm. Pasting profile and thermal properties showed the differences among the starches. The Dent-type corn starch had the lowest breakdown value of all the Indonesian specialty corn types, while imported corn starch had the lowest breakdown value of all the starches, showing the greatest stability during heating and stirring. In terms of peak temperature and enthalpy value, they ranged from 82.9°C to 92.71°C and from 85.94 to 551.93 J/g. The present study is expected to provide information about characteristics of Indonesian specialty corn starch, then subsequently, it can be utilized by the food industry, and increase the value of our national biodiversity.
The Prediction of Shelf Life of Carrot Chips by Using Acceleration Method
Authors: Setyawan N , Dewandari K T , Prabawati S
Published: May 2023

Food processing technology to produce meals that ready to eat is one alternative way to reduce damages of horticulture product. To ensure the carrot chips are still suitable for consumption, the information of the shelf life of this product is needed. Method to determine shelf life of carrot chips is by using Accelerated Storage Studies (ASS) with Arhenius approach using 7°C, 15°C, 25°C and 30°C as acceleration condition. In an empirical research, carrot chips were packaged using aluminum foil with thickness of 50 μm, 80 μm and 100 μm and stored at 30°C, 37°C and 45°C. The products were evaluated every weeks for eight weeks of storage. Parameters observed in both studies were moisture content, crispness and free fatty acids (FFA). Result showed that aluminum foil with thickness 100 μm maintained quality of carrot chips during storage. The product packaged in aluminum foil thickness of 100 μm had the longest shelf life in terms of FFA parameter using the acceleration method reaching 66.99 to 103.21 days.
The Role of the Biological Diversity Convention in Mangroves Rehabilitation in Indonesia
Authors: Widayanti T F , Irfan A M , Djafar E M , Hakim M Z , Muin A M , Ratnawati  , Riza M , Aswan M
Published: May 2023

Mangrove ecosystems are crucial to the management of coastal resources, particularly those of small islands. The destruction of mangrove forests is brought on by mangrove logging and the transformation of mangrove land into aquaculture areas. This is due to the economic demands of the local community. The government has made numerous efforts to protect and rehabilitate mangroves, including mangrove restoration in accordance with Regulation No. 03/MENHUT-V/2004 of the Minister of Forestry and Environment. However, its implementation has not been effective, especially if it is tied to the convention on biodiversity and the Sustainable Development Goals; the protection of mangroves continues to face numerous obstacles. The research methods employed are both empirical and normative. The results of this study indicate that the convention on biodiversity, which is the actual basis for mangrove rehabilitation, has not protected the area because (1) spatial planning does not accommodate mangrove protection; (2) public awareness is low; (3) law enforcement is ineffective; and (4) the problem of mangrove rehabilitation exists.
Low awareness of low carbon attitude, feedback from coercive action
Authors: Anisah TN , Kurniawan A , Nurwiyanta
Published: May 2023

This study aims to determine how Malioboro tourists behave towards the government’s policy of forcing people to walk in the Malioboro area. In addition, this study wants to find out whether the habit of walking in Malioboro can make people have green behavior that can be applied in everyday life. The conceptual framework is proposed using the theory of planned behavior (attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control). The sample comprises 151 respondents from Malioboro tourists who visited during the last six months and was analyzed through partial least squares-based structural equation modeling. The results demonstrate that personal desire drives intention toward green behavior (perceived attitude and behavioral control). However, it turns out that humans also need external factors to make them inclined toward green behavior in the form of coercive regulations from the government. According to predictions, coercive environmental policy has been proven to moderate the TPB theoretical framework towards intention towards green behavior.
Regulation of Water Resources to Guarantee the Right to Availability of Water in the Karst Area of Maros-Pangkep, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Hakim M Z , Widayanti T F , Arifin A , Ruslan M , Sari M U
Published: May 2023

The Decree of the Minister of Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia, Number SK 398/Menhut-II/2004, dated October 18, 2004, converted the Maros Pangkep karst area to the Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park (Babul National Park). Karst and Babul National Park depend on rainwater absorbed by subsurface rivers. Babul National Park has integrated water management, although water supply and security are still threats. This study analyzes the harmonization and synergy of water policy with community requirements in the Maros-Pangkep Karst area, where residents rely largely on underground rivers. This study utilizes empirical legal research. (1) The Babul National Park manager distinguishes between the use of water as mass and as energy, and the surrounding community must seek for a permit for the latter. In the implementation process, the permission did not fully comply with the existing standards, notably the Minister of Environment and Forestry Number P.18/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/4/2019 governing the use of water and energy in wildlife sanctuaries, National Parks, Grand Forests, and Nature Tourism Parks. (2) Because legal enforcement hasn’t deterred forest destroyers, this will undermine forest conservation and the importance of forests in water management.
Legal Policy of Implementation Green Economy In the Tourism Sector To Realize Sustainable Tourism And Environment
Authors: Nugroho L. D. , Melati S. R. , Wahyuliana I. , Pawestri A. , Kurniawan L. F.
Published: May 2023

Tourism is an alternative livelihood for people to earn income by utilizing the natural wealth around them. Natural ecosystems need to be conserved so that they remain balanced and can be utilized. These problems are what prompted the emergence of the idea of a green economy. The idea of a green economy aims to encourage the economic development of tourism while still preserving the environmental ecosystem. Therefore, the focus of the problem in this article is to examine the policy direction of green economy ideas in the regulation of tourism in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of the idea of a green economy in the regulation of the tourism sector in Indonesia. Normative research methods are used with statutory and conceptual approaches to analyzing the regulations of the tourism sector in Indonesia. This research resulted in a novelty of draft regulations in the tourism sector that accommodate the idea of a green economy to become a reference for tourism actors to maintain environmental sustainability to realize sustainable tourism and update previous regulations that have not accommodated the idea of a green economy.
Regional Government Strategies in Developing the Regional Development Budget in Overcoming Poverty at Rokan Hulu Regency
Authors: Indra M , Junaidi  , Akmal Z
Published: May 2023

This research is related to the Statistics of Riau Province, which noted that the poverty rate has increased from year to year in Rokan Hulu Regency. Poverty that afflicts 74.73 thousand people in Rokan Hulu is the responsibility of the state, including the regional government. The purpose of this study was to determine the strategy of regional government in preparing the Regional Government Budget in Rokan Hulu Regency in completing the mission. This type of research is a qualitative research with an empirical juridical approach. The data used is primary data in the form of interviews with informants and secondary data obtained from literature review in the form of legislation and related documents. It was found that the regional government strategy in preparing the Regional Government Budget to complete the mission in Rokan Hulu Regency was to include special programs for the poor. It takes the form of agricultural assistance, agriculture, plantations and so on. The problem is that some of these aids are not well targeted and there is weak supervision from the regional government. Therefore, it can be said that the regional government of Rokan Hulu has developed a strategy to complete the mission, but in its implementation there are no drawbacks, namely inappropriate assistance and the weakness of local government supervision.
Wear behavior of ceramic, composite, and ceramic/composite interfaces
Authors: Yıldırım Elif Sevilay , Tekçe Neslihan , Fidan Sinan , Tuncer Safa , Demirci Mustafa
Published: May 2023

Objective. This study has aimed to evaluate the effects of toothbrushing on the wear behavior of two composites, three ceramic materials, and ceramic/composite interfaces. Material and Methods. Nanofilled (Filtek Ultimate), and nanohybrid composites (Spectra ST HV) were used for the repair of a hybrid ceramic (Vita Enamic), resin nanoceramic (Katana Avencia), and zirconia block (Katana Zirconia). Composites, ceramics, and ceramic/composite interfaces were examined before and after a period of one-month and one-year of toothbrush abrasion testing using non-contact optical profilometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni correction. The statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results. No difference was found between the surface roughness of the Vita Enamic, Katana Avencia, Filtek Ultimate, and Spectra surfaces after one month and one year of toothbrushing. Sa values in Katana Zirconia material were found to be significantly lower than those in the control group after one year of brushing. The surface roughness of the repair interfaces formed by repairing hybrid ceramic and resin nanoceramic CAD/CAM materials with nanofilled and nanohybrid composite materials was found to be similar after different brushing times. Conclusion. Vita Enamic, Katana Avencia, Filtek Ultimate, and Spectra materials can be preferred in clinical repair applications, since they exhibit similar wear behavior after brushing at different times. For the zirconia material, the repair interface had similar surface roughness as the ceramic and composite surfaces after one year of brushing. Periodic recalls and re-polishing may thus be necessary when these products are used clinically.
Protection coordination of DOCRs for different modes of microgrid operation
Authors: Tripathi Jayant Mani , Mallik Sanjeev Kumar
Published: May 2023

The present study is focussed on solving the relay coordination problem. Protection of microgrids is performed through the placement of directional overcurrent relays (DOCR). The efficacy of microgrid protection depends on coordination of all the DOCRs placed in the system. For this purpose, a number of optimization techniques have been employed by the power system researcher. In this paper, Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) is proposed for the protection coordination of DOCRs for different modes of microgrid operation. The proposed method is tested and validated on a 7-bus mesh system and a 9-bus radial test system. The proposed method has been compared with other meta-heuristic optimization approaches, namely Genetic Algorithm (GA), Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA), and Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSOGSA). Based on the obtained results, the GWO-based approach is very efficient in mitigating the problem of relay coordination as compared to other optimization techniques.
Spatial patterns and biodiversity in rock-paper-scissors models with regional unevenness
Authors: Menezes J , Tenorio M
Published: May 2023

Climate changes may affect ecosystems destabilising relationships among species. We investigate the spatial rock-paper-scissors models with a regional unevenness that reduces the selection capacity of organisms of one species. Our results show that the regionally weak species predominates in the local ecosystem, while spiral patterns appear far from the region, where individuals of every species play the rock-paper-scissors game with the same strength. Because the weak species controls all local territory, it is attractive for the other species to enter the local ecosystem to conquer the territory. However, our stochastic simulations show that the transitory waves formed when organisms of the strong species reach the region are quickly destroyed because of local strength unbalance in the selection game rules. Computing the effect of the topology on population dynamics, we find that the prevalence of the weak species becomes more significant if the transition of the selection capacity to the area of uneven rock-paper-scissors rules is smooth. Finally, our findings show that the biodiversity loss due to the arising of regional unevenness is minimised if the transition to the region where the cyclic game is unbalanced is abrupt. Our results may be helpful to biologists in comprehending the consequences of changes in the environmental conditions on species coexistence and spatial patterns in complex systems.
Unitarizability in Corank Three for Classical 𝑝-adic Groups
Authors: Tadić Marko
Published: May 2023

Let

G
G

be the

F
F

-points of a classical group defined over a

p
p

-adic field

F
F

of characteristic

0
0

. We classify the irreducible unitarizable representation of

G
G

that are subquotients of the parabolic induction of cuspidal representations of Levi subgroup of corank at most 3 in

G
G

.
Total neoadjuvant therapy versus chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: Bayesian network meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Qingbin , Zhou Jiahao , Huang Jun , Deng Xiangbing , Li Changtao , Meng Wenjian , He Yazhou , Wang Ziqiang
Published: May 2023

Background

Total neoadjuvant therapy is a promising treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer, utilizing either short-course radiotherapy or long-course chemoradiotherapy, but their relative efficacy remains unclear. The aim of this Bayesian network meta-analysis was to investigate clinical outcomes amongst patients receiving total neoadjuvant therapy with short-course radiotherapy or long-course chemoradiotherapy, and those receiving long-course chemoradiotherapy alone.

Methods

A systematic literature search was performed. All studies that compared at least two of these three treatments for locally advanced rectal cancer were included. The primary endpoint was the pathological complete response rate, and survival outcomes were adopted as secondary outcomes.

Results

Thirty cohorts were included. Compared with long-course chemoradiotherapy, both total neoadjuvant therapy with long-course chemoradiotherapy (OR 1.78, 95 per cent c.i. 1.43 to 2.26) and total neoadjuvant therapy with short-course radiotherapy (OR 1.75, 95 per cent c.i. 1.23 to 2.50) improved the pathological complete response rate. Similar benefits were observed in the sensitivity and subgroup analyses, except for short-course radiotherapy with one to two cycles of chemotherapy. No significant differences in survival outcomes were found amongst the three treatments. Long-course chemoradiotherapy with consolidation chemotherapy (HR 0.44, 95 per cent c.i. 0.20 to 0.99) exhibited higher disease-free survival than long-course chemoradiotherapy alone.

Conclusion

Compared with long-course chemoradiotherapy, both short-course radiotherapy with greater than or equal to three cycles of chemotherapy and total neoadjuvant therapy with long-course chemoradiotherapy can improve the pathological complete response rate, and long-course chemoradiotherapy with consolidation chemotherapy may lead to a marginal benefit in disease-free survival. The pathological complete response rate and survival outcomes are similar for total neoadjuvant therapy with short-course radiotherapy or long-course chemoradiotherapy.
Effect of selinexor on lipogenesis in virus-positive Merkel cell carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Landes Jennifer R , Bartley Brooke R , Moore Stephen A , He Qin , Simonette Rebecca , Rady Peter L , Doan Hung Q , Tyring Stephen K
Published: May 2023

Background

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a highly aggressive neuroendocrine cutaneous carcinoma aetiologically linked to the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). Immune checkpoint inhibitors are currently the first-line therapy for metastatic MCC; however, the treatment is effective in only about half of patients, highlighting the need for alternative therapies. Selinexor (KPT-330) is a selective inhibitor of nuclear exportin 1 (XPO1) and has been shown to inhibit MCC cell growth in vitro, but the pathogenesis has not been established. Decades of research have established that cancer cells significantly upregulate lipogenesis to meet an increased demand for fatty acids and cholesterol. Treatments that inhibit lipogenic pathways may halt cancer cell proliferation.

Aim

To determine the effect of increasing doses of selinexor on fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis in MCPyV-positive MCC (MCCP) cell lines and aid in elucidating the mechanism by which selinexor prevents and reduces MCC growth.

Methods

MKL-1 and MS-1 cell lines were treated with increasing doses of selinexor for 72 h. Protein expression quantification was determined using chemiluminescent Western immunoblotting and densitometric analysis. Fatty acids and cholesterol were quantified using free fatty acid assay and cholesterol ester detection kits.

Results

Selinexor causes statistically significant reductions of the lipogenic transcription factors sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1 and 2, and lipogenic enzymes acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, squalene synthase and 3β-hydroxysterol Δ-24-reductase in a dose-dependent manner in two MCCP cell lines. Although inhibiting the fatty acid synthesis pathway results in meaningful decreases in fatty acids, the cellular cholesterol levels did not demonstrate such reductions.

Conclusion

For patients with metastatic MCC refractory to immune checkpoint inhibitors, selinexor may provide clinical benefit through the inhibition of the lipogenesis pathway; however, further research and clinical trials are needed to evaluate these findings.
A UK-wide study to describe resource consumption and waste management practices in skin surgery including Mohs micrographic surgery
Authors: Shearman Harriet , Yap Soo Min , Zhao Andrew , Passby Lauren , Barrett Amy , Nikookam Yasmin  , Stoneham Sophie , Myint Nan Akari , Phillips Derrick , Dalal Fatima , Wylie Grant , Costley Matthew , Odedra Sunita , Phillips Mirain , Abbott Rachel A , Wernham Aaron  , Tso Simon ,   Dermatology Sustainability UK Group, Assad Adel , Aldiwani Mohanad , Bhat Aparna , Barkhadle Fatuma , Eghleilib Mohamed , Gnanappiragasam Dushyanth , Gamal Nahla , Haqiqi Ala , Hunt William , Nelson Toby , Kiana Adeela , Park Yoon Soo , Rahimi Mina , Shim Tang Ngee , Sillars Joanne , Tso Victoria , Woodcock Emma , Wilkinson Cairine , Aldiwani Mohanad , Gnanappiragasam Dushyanth
Published: May 2023

Background

There is a lack of national guidance specifying how skin surgery, including Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS), should be conducted, leading to a degree of heterogeneity in the set-up of skin surgery services and how skin surgeries are performed.

Objectives

To provide the first UK-wide cross-sectional study reporting real-world data on the set-up and waste management practices of skin surgery, including MMS.

Methods

A UK-wide service evaluation study was conducted between 1 March 2022 and 30 June 2022 using a standardized data collection pro forma. Twelve participating sites from England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales provided data from 115 skin surgery lists involving 495 patients and 547 skin surgery procedures between 1 March 2022 and 30 June 2022.

Results

Mean total weight of nonsharps skin surgery waste was 0.52 kg per procedure (0.39 kg clinical waste, 0.05 kg general waste and 0.08 kg recycling waste). Data from a single site using disposable surgical instruments reported a mean of only 0.25 kg of sharps waste per procedure. The recycling rate ranged between 0% and 44% across the cohort with a mean recycling rate of 16%.

Conclusions

We advocate that staff transition to the British Society of Dermatological Surgery 2022 sustainability guidance, which made wide-ranging recommendations to facilitate staff to transition to sustainable practices in skin surgery.