bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Masculine Discrepancy Stress, Emotion-Regulation Difficulties, and Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Berke Danielle S. , Reidy Dennis E. , Gentile Brittany , Zeichner Amos
Published: May 2016

Research suggests that masculine socialization processes contribute to the perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) by men. Although this research has traditionally focused on men who strongly adhere to traditional gender norms, men who negatively evaluate themselves as falling short of these norms (a construct termed masculine discrepancy stress) have proven to be at increased risk of IPV perpetration. Likewise, men experiencing problems with emotion regulation, a multidimensional construct reflecting difficulties in effectively experiencing and responding to emotional states, are also at risk of IPV perpetration. In the present research, we tested the hypothesis that the link between discrepancy stress and IPV perpetration is mediated via difficulties in emotion regulation. Three hundred fifty-seven men completed online surveys assessing their experience of discrepancy stress, emotion-regulation difficulties, and history of IPV perpetration. Results indicated that discrepancy-stressed men’s use of physical IPV was fully mediated by emotion-regulation difficulties. In addition, emotion-regulation difficulties partially mediated the association between discrepancy stress and sexual IPV. Findings are discussed in terms of the potential utility of emotion-focused interventions for modifying men’s experience and expression of discrepancy stress and reducing perpetration of IPV.
Fear of Crime: The Influence of General Fear, Risk, and Time Perspective
Authors: Chadee Derek , Ng Ying Nikita K. , Chadee Mary , Heath Linda
Published: May 2016

Prior research on fear of crime has focused less on psychological causes than on sociological and demographic factors. This study, however, introduces time perspective (TP) as an important psychological variable in the understanding of fear of crime. Specifically, the article assesses the relationship between TP as a stable personality factor and the mediation of risk and general fear on fear of crime levels. Data were collected using the survey method from a sample of 375 respondents utilizing the following scales: Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) consisting of five TP subscales, Ferraro’s perceived risk of victimization and fear of crime scales, and a general (non-crime) fear scale measuring pragmatic and abstract fear. Path analysis shows no significant direct relationships between the five TP subscales and fear of crime. However, indirect effects are observed for Past Negative TP and Present Fatalistic TP, with general fear (pragmatic and abstract) and risk of victimization mediating the relationship, and pragmatic fear having the greatest significant effect size. Results are discussed in the context of risk and general fear sensitivity and construal level theory. We conclude with recommendations for future research.
Workplace Emotion and Communication
Authors: Jia Moyi , Cheng Jiuqing , Hale Claudia L.
Published: May 2016

Guided by emotional response theory (ERT) and Mehrabian’s theory of nonverbal behavior, the current study examined links between supervisor nonverbal immediacy (NI), employee emotion experience, and employee motives for communicating with a supervisor. Analyses of data collected from 608 participants indicated that supervisor NI significantly predicts subordinates’ emotional experience, including emotion work and perceived emotional support. Subordinates are motivated to attain relationally oriented needs from their supervisor, rather than personal influence needs, through their satisfactory emotion experiences in the workplace. Theoretical contributions and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Morphological effects of porous poly-d,l-lactic acid/hydroxyapatite scaffolds produced by supercritical CO2 foaming on their mechanical performance
Authors: Rouholamin Davood , van Grunsven William , Reilly Gwendolen C , Smith Patrick J
Published: May 2016

A novel supercritical CO2 foaming technique was used to fabricate scaffolds of controllable morphology and mechanical properties, with the potential to tailor the scaffolds to specific tissue engineering applications. Biodegradable scaffolds are widely used as temporary supportive structures for bone regeneration. The scaffolds must provide a sufficient mechanical support while allowing cell attachment and growth as well as metabolic activities. In this study, supercritical CO2 foaming was used to prepare fully interconnected porous scaffolds of poly-d,l-lactic acid and poly-d,l-lactic acid/hydroxyapatite. The morphological, mechanical and cell behaviours of the scaffolds were measured to examine the effect of hydroxyapatite on these properties. These scaffolds showed an average porosity in the range of 86%–95%, an average pore diameter of 229–347 µm and an average pore interconnection of 103–207 µm. The measured porosity, pore diameter, and interconnection size are suitable for cancellous bone regeneration. Compressive strength and modulus of up to 36.03 ± 5.90 and 37.97 ± 6.84 MPa were measured for the produced porous scaffolds of various compositions. The mechanical properties presented an improvement with the addition of hydroxyapatite to the structure. The relationship between morphological and mechanical properties was investigated. The matrices with different compositions were seeded with bone cells, and all the matrices showed a high cell viability and biocompatibility. The number of cells attached on the matrices slightly increased with the addition of hydroxyapatite indicating that hydroxyapatite improves the biocompatibility and proliferation of the scaffolds. The produced poly-d,l-lactic acid/hydroxyapatite scaffolds in this study showed a potential to be used as bone graft substitutes.
Scene Integration Without Awareness
Authors: Moors Pieter , Boelens David , van Overwalle Jaana , Wagemans Johan
Published: May 2016

A recent study showed that scenes with an object-background relationship that is semantically incongruent break interocular suppression faster than scenes with a semantically congruent relationship. These results implied that semantic relations between the objects and the background of a scene could be extracted in the absence of visual awareness of the stimulus. In the current study, we assessed the replicability of this finding and tried to rule out an alternative explanation dependent on low-level differences between the stimuli. Furthermore, we used a Bayesian analysis to quantify the evidence in favor of the presence or absence of a scene-congruency effect. Across three experiments, we found no convincing evidence for a scene-congruency effect or a modulation of scene congruency by scene inversion. These findings question the generalizability of previous observations and cast doubt on whether genuine semantic processing of object-background relationships in scenes can manifest during interocular suppression.
Whose mind? Two interpretations of what it is to directly perceive other minds
Authors: Lo Presti Patrizio
Published: May 2016

According to direct perception theory (DPT) people understand each other’s minds by way of perceiving each other’s behavioral engagements in the world. I argue that DPT admits of two interpretations. One interpretation is found in Searle’s social ontology. The other interpretation departs from an enactivist account of social cognition. Both can make sense of what it is to perceive other minds, but in two different ways. The first claims that people can directly perceive states of mind shared in a community. In contrast, the second interpretation allows for direct perception of particular individuals’ states of mind in the context of participation in social practices. The two interpretations are argued to be compatible. People can perceive communal states of mind in another’s responsiveness to action possibilities in social environments, not only the particular other’s states of mind.
Clinical features and outcome of lupus myocarditis in the Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Du Toit R , Herbst P G , van Rensburg A , du Plessis L M , Reuter H , Doubell A F
Published: May 2016

Background

African American ethnicity is independently associated with lupus myocarditis compared with other ethnic groups. In the mixed racial population of the Western Cape, South Africa, no data exists on the clinical features/outcome of lupus myocarditis.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to give a comprehensive description of the clinical features and outcome of acute lupus myocarditis in a mixed racial population.

Methods

Clinical records (between 2008 and 2014) of adult systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients at a tertiary referral centre were retrospectively screened for a clinical and echocardiographic diagnosis of lupus myocarditis. Clinical features, laboratory results, management and outcome were described. Echocardiographic images stored in a digital archive were reanalysed including global and regional left ventricular function. A poor outcome was defined as lupus myocarditis related mortality or final left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40%.

Results

Twenty-eight of 457 lupus patients (6.1%) met inclusion criteria: 92.9% were female and 89.3% were of mixed racial origin. Fifty-three per cent of patients presented within three months after being diagnosed with SLE. Seventy-five per cent had severely active disease (SLE disease activity index ≥ 12) and 67.9% of patients had concomitant lupus nephritis. Laboratory results included: lymphopenia (69%) and an increased aRNP (61.5%). Treatment included corticosteroids (96%) and cyclophosphamide (75%); 14% of patients required additional immunosuppression including rituximab. Diastolic dysfunction and regional wall motion abnormalities occurred in > 90% of patients. LVEF improved from 35% to 47% ( p = 0.023) and wall motion score from 1.88 to 1.5 ( p = 0.017) following treatment. Overall mortality was high (12/28): five patients (17.9%) died due to lupus myocarditis (bimodal pattern). Patients who died of lupus myocarditis had a longer duration of SLE ( p = 0.045) and a lower absolute lymphocyte count ( p = 0.041) at diagnosis. LVEF at diagnosis was lower in patients who died of lupus myocarditis ( p = 0.099) and in those with a persistent LVEF < 40% ( n = 5; p = 0.046).

Conclusions

This is the largest reported series on lupus myocarditis. The mixed racial population had a similar prevalence, but higher mortality compared with other ethnic groups (internationally published literature). Patients typically presented with high SLE disease activity and the majority had concomitant lupus nephritis. Lymphopenia and low LVEF at presentation were of prognostic significance, associated with lupus myocarditis related mortality or a persistent LVEF < 40%.
Sequential Information Arrival Hypothesis: More Evidence from the Indian Derivatives Market
Authors: Jena Sangram K.
Published: May 2016

The study attempts to gather additional evidence on the sequential information arrival hypothesis by examining the dynamic relationship between the trading volume and the volatility of CNX Nifty index futures traded on the National Stock Exchange of India. The documented result using a linear Granger causality model shows a unidirectional causality from volatility to trading volume, thus rejecting the theory of sequential arrival of information in Nifty index futures. Further, under a non-linear GARCH framework of analysis, it is reinforced that a lagged trading volume has no explanatory power of current conditional volatility, even in the presence of market depth surrogated by open interest in the Nifty futures market. Consequently, given the trading volume, the possibility of forecasting the price variability of Nifty futures is rejected.
Experiences and Attitudes of Nurses Regarding Complementary Health Approaches Used by Themselves and Their Patients
Authors: Cırık Vildan , Efe Emine , Öncel Selma , Gözüm Sebahat
Published: May 2016

Nurses’ attitudes and experiences may affect the level of patient exposure to complementary health approaches (CHA), both now and in the future. The purpose of this study was to describe nurses’ experience of CHA and their personal and professional attitudes to the use of CHA. The sample consisted of 220 nurses working at a university hospital in Antalya, Turkey. Data were collected using a questionnaire developed by the researchers. Nurses had a positive attitude toward CHA and reported mixed experiences of CHA for allergies, pain, and stress. This study may contribute to increased awareness of the potentially important role of nurses in delivery of CHAs. Hospital nurses should receive more training on CHA. Nurses should discuss the potential benefits and risks of CHA with patients.
A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Symptom Reporting and Symptom Clusters in Heart Failure
Authors: Park Jumin , Johantgen Mary E.
Published: May 2016

An understanding of symptoms in heart failure (HF) among different cultural groups has become increasingly important. The purpose of this study was to compare symptom reporting and symptom clusters in HF patients between a Western (the United States) and an Eastern Asian sample (China and Taiwan). A secondary analysis of a cross-sectional observational study was conducted. The data were obtained from a matched HF patient sample from the United States and China/Taiwan ( N = 240 in each). Eight selective items related to HF symptoms from the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire were analyzed. Compared with the U.S. sample, HF patients from China/Taiwan reported a lower level of symptom distress. Analysis of two different regional groups did not result in the same number of clusters using latent class approach: the United States (four classes) and China/Taiwan (three classes). The study demonstrated that symptom reporting and identification of symptom clusters might be influenced by cultural factors.
Project Complexity and Bonding Social Capital in Network Organizations
Authors: Moore Curt B. , Payne G. Tyge , Autry Chad W. , Griffis Stanley E.
Published: May 2016

This study conceptually and empirically explores how project complexity and bonding forms of social capital influence performance outcomes in network organizations. Specifically, we focus on how bonding social capital within network organizations—measured as frequency of collaboration and degree of network coupling—can influence project performance outcomes both (a) directly by facilitating cooperative interaction and (b) contingently by mitigating the transaction costs associated with the management of complex projects. Using longitudinal data on contracted construction jobs to test our hypotheses, we find that project complexity is negatively related to project performance and bonding social capital has both direct and moderating effects. Contrary to expectations, however, we find that the different types of bonding social capital affect project performance uniquely and not always in an improved direction. Our findings suggest a more multifarious relationship than previous social capital research might imply.
Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma of Appendix Presenting as Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Ahmed Arsalan , Ud Din Nasir , Alvi Abdur Rehman , Rubin Brian P.
Published: May 2016

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is a rare neoplasm that originates from dendritic cells of lymphoid follicles and shows low to intermediate malignant potential. It most commonly arises from lymph nodes, but may originate from a variety of extranodal sites. FDCS of appendix is exceptionally rare, and only a single case has been reported. Herein, we describe the clincopathological features of a case of FDCS originating from appendix with emphasis on being able to recognize this rare neoplasm in the context of the differential diagnosis of more common intraabdominal spindle cell tumors.
Peer Science Self-Efficacy
Authors: Deemer Eric D. , Marks Laura Reid , Miller Karen A.
Published: May 2016

Social cognitive career theory posits that proximal contextual support variables exert both direct and indirect effects on individuals’ career choice intentions. The purpose of this study was to test this proposition by examining the hierarchical structure of efficacy beliefs and their relations to students’ intentions to pursue careers in science. Data were collected from a sample of undergraduate students ( N = 1,693) recruited from biology, chemistry, and physics courses. Results of multilevel modeling analyses indicated that aggregated peer science self-efficacy (PSSE) perceptions in the classroom were positively predictive of science career intentions (SCIs) while holding constant the Level 1 influence of science self-efficacy. Moreover, science interest was shown to mediate the relationship between PSSE and SCIs. Implications for career development research and practice are discussed.
External Validation of the Hestia Criteria for Identifying Acute Pulmonary Embolism Patients at Low Risk of Early Mortality
Authors: Weeda Erin R. , Kohn Christine G. , Peacock W. Frank , Fermann Gregory J. , Crivera Concetta , Schein Jeff R. , Coleman Craig I.
Published: May 2016

Introduction:

There are limited studies evaluating the ability of the Hestia criteria to accurately identify patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) at low risk of early mortality. We sought to externally validate the Hestia criteria for predicting in-hospital and 30-day post-PE mortality.

Methods:

We retrospectively identified consecutive, adult, objectively confirmed PE patients presenting to the emergency department at our institution from November 21, 2010, to January 31, 2014. We ascertained the total number of Hestia criteria met for each patient, calculated the proportion of patients categorized as low risk (ie, no Hestia criteria met), and determined the accuracy of the Hestia criteria for predicting in-hospital and 30-day all-cause mortality. Mortality was determined through Social Security Death Index searches.

Results:

A total of 577 patients with PE were included, of which 19 (3.3%) and 35 (6.6%) died in hospital or within 30 days of presentation. Both in-hospital and 30-day case fatality rates rose as the number of Hestia criteria increased. One-hundred forty nine (25.8%) patients were classified as low risk for early mortality, and none of these patients died within 30 days (negative predictive values of 100%). The Hestia criteria had excellent sensitivity (100%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 79.1%-100% and 100%, 95% CI = 87.7%-100%) for predicting in-hospital and 30-day mortality but low specificity (<27.5% for both). The c-statistics for in-hospital and 30-day mortality were 83.5%, 95% CI = 77.1%-89.9% and 78.5%, 95% CI = 71.9%-85.1%. The predictive accuracy of the Hestia criteria remained acceptable in patients >80 years of age, with active cancer or chronic cardiopulmonary disease.

Conclusion:

The Hestia criteria have an acceptable predictive accuracy to identify patients with PE at low risk for in-hospital or 30-day mortality.
Intellectual Pursuits of Young Children Through Picture Book Literacy, Focusing on Italian Preschools
Authors: Beltchenko Laura
Published: May 2016

In this article, I will examine the use of picture books as a means of supporting the intellectual pursuits of young children. Theoretical frameworks will be discussed as they pertain to the integration of these books in the Municipal Infant Toddler Centers and Preschools of Reggio Emilia and Pistoia, Italy. The pedagogical framework of these schools will be discussed depicting how the sociocultural and the constructivist theories are evident and developed through the careful guidance provided through the triangulation of school personnel, community, and the home. This triangulation places the child at the center of their own learning through investigations, inquiry, and curiosity. A focus will be on the use of picture books in the Italian school culture and how the artistic genre of these books plays an important role in the transference of ideas and subliminal but important messages of literacy.
Pedagogy for Early Childhood Gifted Education
Authors: Kaplan Sandra , Hertzog Nancy B.
Published: May 2016

Federal attention is focused currently on investing and improving the quality of early childhood education, so that children’s potential and talent development can be used as a natural resource for the future of our country. This article engages readers in transitioning their thinking about early childhood gifted education from a traditional advanced skills-based approach that introduces young children to academic standards earlier and faster, to an education that honors the developmental stages of young children and the experiential emphasis that parallels how they learn. The framework proposed empowers teachers to design learning contexts that elicit talent, potential, and emerging abilities, and challenges all learners to display their strengths. Practical suggestions are given to develop a pedagogy that enables young children to learn in developmentally appropriate play-based and student-focused environments.
Linking Schools of Thought to Schools of Practice
Authors: Hunt Lucy , Yoshida-Ehrmann Erin
Published: May 2016

Project Linking Learning (“Link”) was created to target the needs of gifted students in urban school districts with historically underserved populations. Project Linking Learning implemented a linking curriculum between in-class instruction and an afterschool enrichment program for selected students in second through fifth grade. Designed by Dr. Sandra Kaplan as a collaborative endeavor between the University of Southern California, Rossier School of Education, and the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD), this scale-up grant (Jacob J. Javits Grant #5206A090045) targeted elementary schools in diverse, urban neighborhoods with consistently low rates of gifted referral, identification, and program implementation. Intensive training and support was provided to Link teachers to allow them to effectively roll out this novel curriculum, including foundational training on differentiated instruction (e.g., prompts of depth and complexity, research skills, thinking skills, learning centers, independent study, etc.), as well as information on the characteristics of gifted learners and able underachievers from diverse backgrounds. Schools participating in Project Linking Learning experienced a significant increase in the rate of gifted identification over a four-year period of time. Key program concepts and alignment to educational schools of thought are described, as well as takeaways and recommendations for district adaptation and implementation.
Affectionate Touch to Promote Relational, Psychological, and Physical Well-Being in Adulthood: A Theoretical Model and Review of the Research
Authors: Jakubiak Brett K. , Feeney Brooke C.
Published: May 2016

Throughout the life span, individuals engage in affectionate touch with close others. Touch receipt promotes well-being in infancy, but the impacts of touch in adult close relationships have been largely unexplored. In this article, we propose that affectionate touch receipt promotes relational, psychological, and physical well-being in adulthood, and we present a theoretical mechanistic model to explain why affectionate touch may promote these outcomes. The model includes pathways through which touch could affect well-being by reducing stress and by promoting well-being independent of stress. Specifically, two immediate outcomes of affectionate touch receipt—relational-cognitive changes and neurobiological changes—are described as important mechanisms underlying the effects of affectionate touch on well-being. We also review and evaluate the existing research linking affectionate touch to well-being in adulthood and propose an agenda to advance research in this area. This theoretical perspective provides a foundation for future work on touch in adult close relationships.
Rolling with the Punches: Why It Is Ethical to Practise ‘Death Knocks’
Authors: Barnes Lyn , Tupou Janet , Harrison Jacqueline
Published: May 2016

With journalism ethics increasingly coming under scrutiny, it can seem incongruous that editors continue to expect novice journalists to carry out ‘death knock’ stories, where they are expected to interview the victim’s next of kin to find out more about the person. Journalism students are seldom trained in how to deal with these sensitive interviews, instead, most practise on the public. Simple role-play exercises at Auckland University of Technology—using professional actors—highlight the significance of students ‘winging’ it. The lack of training for challenging but routine duties including death knocks can lead to emotional exhaustion, burn out and a greater chance of victims being retraumatized. This article focuses on the concept of emotional labour (Hochschild, 1983, The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling. Berkeley: University of California Press) and how it can affect journalists. According to Hochschild, emotional labour refers to the process by which people are expected to manage their feelings in accordance with work-defined rules and guidelines. In other words, this term describes the strategies that people adopt and that go beyond physical or mental duties. It is increasingly important that educators consider emotional labour, not only for the sake of graduates who will cover traumatic events but also for the reputation of journalism as a profession.
Numerical simulation of the effects of coating on thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication in cam/tappet contact
Authors: Yu Changya , Meng Xianghui , Xie Youbai
Published: May 2016

Investigating the effects of coating on cam/tappet thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication through numerical simulation has great significance in the design of coated cam/tappet conjunctions. This paper presents a numerical model for the prediction of the thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication of a coated cam/tappet and the results of a study of the effects of coating parameters on cam/tappet lubrication performance. In the model, the Reynolds equation is solved by the damped Newton method to obtain the pressure distribution, and energy equations are used to obtain the temperature distribution. The total elastic deformation is calculated by the finite element method. The effects of the coating’s mechanical properties on pressure and temperature were found to be significant, as were the effects of the coating’s thermal properties on temperature. These effects were found to increase with increasing coating thickness. A soft coating with low thermal inertia has the greatest ability to reduce friction loss, and the higher the inlet temperature is, the lower the friction loss is. The influence of coating of both the cam and tappet on friction loss is greater than the effect of coating of the tappet only, which is greater than the effect of coating of the cam only.
Technology, fandom and community in the second media age
Authors: Bury Rhiannon
Published: May 2016

The virtual or online community was considered by Mark Poster (1995) to be central to what he called the second media age, marked as distinct from the first media age by new modes interactivity and subjectivity afforded by internet technologies. Community is also central to participatory culture, the study of which began at the cusp of the second media age. This paper critically examines the technocultural formation of online community in the context of fandom and its relationship to specific platforms from Usenet to Tumblr. Based on the analysis of interview data collected from participatory fans (n = 33), I argue that not all platforms enable community formation. While the participants had a sense of community as members of listservs, Yahoo groups and LiveJournal, the same was not true of Facebook, Twitter and Tumblr, even though they afforded a number of fannish pleasures. These findings raise questions as to the ongoing centrality of online community in the late second media age.
Teaching high school students to manage time: The development of an intervention
Authors: Burrus Jeremy , Jackson Teresa , Holtzman Steven , Roberts Richard D.
Published: May 2016

This article reports the results of a quasi-experimental study conducted to examine the efficacy of a new time management intervention designed for high school students. Participants were 149 students from a highly selective private high school in the northeastern United States who were in the ninth grade. Half of the students participated in a 5-week intervention, which involved an assessment of time management, feedback, and action plans, and 5 weekly homework assignments. After the intervention, academic advisors who were blind to condition rated student time management behaviors. Ratings were higher for the treatment group than for the control group. This difference reached significance for students who began the intervention low in time management skills. Implications and suggestions for improving the intervention are discussed.
A reading in cross-cultural service encounter: Exploring the relationship between cultural intelligence, employee performance and service quality
Authors: Alshaibani Elham , Bakir Ali
Published: May 2016

A multi-disciplinary reading in cross-cultural service interactions in hospitality and service management literature was undertaken focusing on employee’s attitudes and behaviour that are seen to influence service quality. The interplay of the competing constructs of employee personality, emotional intelligence and cultural intelligence in the service encounter was looked at in relation to employee performance and customer perception of service quality. The reading suggests that cultural intelligence of service employees was the most relevant construct in the encounter. As there are no studies linking cultural intelligence to service quality, the dialogue with the literature allowed the development of a theoretical model of relationships which proposed that cultural intelligence is related to service quality through employee performance. This reading adds to the cross-cultural hospitality and service management literature and has potential implications for management and employee training and development in these fields.
The (re)production of climbing space: bodies, gestures, texts
Authors: Rickly Jillian M
Published: May 2016

According to Lefebvre, space is not an absolute given, an empty and presumed starting point, but space is produced through human action. Furthermore, he contends, there is a material basis to the production of space – the ‘practical and fleshy body’. The body must be conceived as both active in the production of space and produced by space, and thereby subject to the determinants of that space. This article demonstrates the crucial role of the body in Lefebvre’s trialectic as it interrogates the embodied mobile practice of rock climbing, specifically sport climbing. First, it begins with an examination of the role of climbing bodies in the production of climbing space; put into practice by the perceived space of the rock, bodies shape and are shaped by this interaction. Second, it investigates the mechanisms that continue the production of climbing space off the rock face, as climbers communicate with practice-specific gestures and jargon. Third, it approaches climbing landscapes as texts, focusing on the production of representations of space as routes are inscribed on rock faces, transcribed into guidebooks and websites, and circulated among climbing media. Finally, considering landscape as a way of seeing forces the investigation to return, full-circle, to situate the ways bodies enact landscapes in relation to textual representations of space. As such, this article explores the relationality of individual climbing bodies, rock climbing communities, and climbing media in the (re)production of climbing space to demonstrate the complementarity of landscape–body and landscape-as-text perspectives in the social production of space.
Qualitative Process Evaluation of a Community-Based Culturally Tailored Lifestyle Intervention for Underserved South Asians
Authors: Jayaprakash Manasi , Puri-Taneja Ankita , Kandula Namratha R. , Bharucha Himali , Kumar Santosh , Dave Swapna S.
Published: May 2016

Introduction. There are few examples of effective cardiovascular disease prevention interventions for South Asians (SAs). We describe the results of a process evaluation of the South Asian Heart Lifestyle Intervention for medically underserved SAs implemented at a community-based organization (CBO) using community-based participatory research methods and a randomized control design (n = 63). Method. Interviews were conducted with 23 intervention participants and 5 study staff using a semistructured interview guide focused on participant and staff perceptions about the intervention’s feasibility and efficacy. Data were thematically analyzed. Results. Intervention success was attributed to trusted CBO setting, culturally concordant study staff, and culturally tailored experiential activities. Participants said that these activities helped increase knowledge and behavior change. Some participants, especially men, found that self-monitoring with pedometers helped motivate increased physical activity. Participants said that the intervention could be strengthened by greater family involvement and by providing women-only exercise classes. Staff identified the need to reduce participant burden due to multicomponent intervention and agreed that the CBO needed greater financial resources to address participant barriers. Conclusion. Community-based delivery and cultural adaptation of an evidence-based lifestyle intervention were effective and essential components for reaching and retaining medically underserved SAs in a cardiovascular disease prevention intervention study.
Meta-analysis of Left Subclavian Artery Coverage With and Without Revascularization in Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair
Authors: Hajibandeh Shahin , Hajibandeh Shahab , Antoniou Stavros A. , Torella Francesco , Antoniou George A.
Published: May 2016

Purpose: To examine the role of left subclavian artery (LSA) revascularization in thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) with LSA coverage. Methods: A systematic search was conducted to identify all studies providing comparative outcomes with or without LSA revascularization for LSA occlusion during TEVAR. The search included MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry, ClinicalTrials.gov , ISRCTN Register, and bibliographic reference lists. The primary outcome parameters were perioperative stroke, spinal cord ischemia (SCI), and mortality. Combined overall effect sizes were calculated using fixed effect or random effects models; results are reported as the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Five observational studies reporting a total of 1161 patients were identified; 444 patients underwent LSA revascularization and the remaining 717 patients did not. LSA revascularization was associated with a similar risk of stroke (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.43 to 1.14, p=0.15), SCI (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.28 to 1.10, p=0.09), and mortality (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.55 to 1.39, p=0.56) compared with no LSA revascularization. Conclusion: LSA revascularization was not found to significantly reduce neurologic complications or mortality in patients undergoing TEVAR with coverage of the LSA origin. Randomized clinical trials are required to elucidate the role of routine or selective LSA revascularization in these cases.
Effect of a Flared Renal Stent on the Performance of Fenestrated Stent-Grafts at Rest and Exercise Conditions
Authors: Kandail Harkamaljot , Hamady Mohamad , Xu Xiao Yun
Published: May 2016

Purpose: To quantify the hemodynamic impact of a flared renal stent on the performance of fenestrated stent-grafts (FSGs) by analyzing flow patterns and wall shear stress–derived parameters in flared and nonflared FSGs in different physiologic scenarios. Methods: Hypothetical models of FSGs were created with and without flaring of the proximal portion of the renal stent. Flared FSGs with different dilation angles and protrusion lengths were examined, as well as a nonplanar flared FSG to account for lumbar curvature. Laminar and pulsatile blood flow was simulated by numerically solving Navier-Stokes equations. A physiologically realistic flow rate waveform was prescribed at the inlet, while downstream vasculature was modeled using a lumped parameter 3-element windkessel model. No slip boundary conditions were imposed at the FSG walls, which were assumed to be rigid. While resting simulations were performed on all the FSGs, exercise simulations were also performed on a flared FSG to quantify the effect of flaring in different physiologic scenarios. Results: For cycle-averaged inflow of 2.94 L/min (rest) and 4.63 L/min (exercise), 27% of blood flow was channeled into each renal branch at rest and 21% under exercise for all the flared FSGs examined. Although the renal flow waveform was not affected by flaring, flow within the flared FSGs was disturbed. This flow disturbance led to high endothelial cell activation potential (ECAP) values at the renal ostia for all the flared geometries. Reducing the dilation angle or protrusion length and exercise lowered the ECAP values for flared FSGs. Conclusion: Flaring of renal stents has a negligible effect on the time dependence of renal flow rate waveforms and can maintain sufficient renal perfusion at rest and exercise. Local flow patterns are, however, strongly dependent on renal flaring, which creates a local flow disturbance and may increase the thrombogenicity at the renal ostia. Smaller dilation angles, shorter protrusion lengths, and moderate lower limb exercise are likely to reduce the risk of thrombosis in flared geometries.
An introduction to biomaterial-based strategies for curbing autoimmunity
Authors: Lewis Jamal S , Allen Riley P
Published: May 2016

Recently, scientists have made significant progress in the development of immunotherapeutics that correct aberrant, autoimmune responses. Yet, concerns about the safety, efficacy, and wide scale applicability continue to hinder use of contemporary, immunology-based strategies. There is a clear need for therapies that finely control molecular and cellular elements of the immune system. Biomaterial engineers have taken up this challenge to develop therapeutics with selective spatial and temporal control of immune cells. In this review, we introduce the immunology of autoimmune disorders, survey the current therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases, and highlight the ongoing research efforts to engineer the immune system using biomaterials, for positive therapeutic outcomes in treatment of autoimmune disorders.
Squad-level training for Tactical Combat Casualty Care: instructional approach and technology assessment
Authors: Milham Laura M , Phillips Henry L , Ross William A , Townsend Lisa N , Riddle Dawn L , Smith Katie M , Butler Paul V , Wolf Robert J , Irizarry Dan J , Hackett Matt G , Johnston Joan H
Published: May 2016

The Army and Marine Corps have a need to increase infantry squad capabilities to improve tactical effectiveness while managing casualties. The Squad Overmatch (SOvM) project focused on the development and execution of a curriculum to incorporate Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TC3) coordination and decision-making into squad-level training, expanding a 2013 effort to enhance existing training methods and technologies with more realistic combat exercises and experiences. An integrated training approach (ITA), including knowledge and skills training for improving advanced situational awareness (ASA), resilience, TC3, medical skills/decision-making, and team performance was developed to help teams make better decisions from a tactical and teamwork perspective. Squads received foundation training in an instructor-led classroom setting, and then were given practice opportunities in scenario-based gaming and live scenarios. The ITA was designed to allow TC3 providers and squad leadership to practice and improve targeted skills in unit-level casualty scenarios balancing tactical and medical requirements. This paper examines the degree to which the ITA scenario training technologies provided the fidelity necessary to support SOvM-TC3 learning objectives. The results allow training designers to carefully assess how different technologies can impact training effectiveness.
Design and experiments of a self-charged power bank by harvesting sustainable human motion
Authors: Xie Longhan , Li Jiehong , Cai Siqi , Li Xiaodong
Published: May 2016

In this study, a self-charged power bank integrated with an energy harvester was developed to harness human biomechanical energy and sustainably recharge a power bank. In the energy harvester, a spring–mass damping system is used to transform the human body’s movement during walking into the rotation of a gear train and drive rotary generators to produce electricity to recharge the battery through a rectifying circuit. A mathematical model was built to examine the power output of the energy harvester under different excitation conditions. A prototype was built to test the performances of the harvester, and experiments on the prototype fixed on the ankle, wrist, and torso were conducted, which indicated that the measured power output was 0.35 W, 0.16 W, and 10 mW, respectively, when testers walked at 2.0 m/s (the circular frequency of foot step is about 14.5 rad/s). The experiments indicate that a higher walking velocity as well as excitation amplitude and frequency could result in higher output power.
Fathers of people with intellectual disability: A review of the literature
Authors: Davys Deborah , Mitchell Duncan , Martin Rachel
Published: May 2016

The aim of this article is to review the literature related to fathers of people who have an intellectual disability (ID). Electronic databases and citation tracking were used to collate data using key terms such as fathers, adults with an ID, learning disability, mental handicap and developmental disability. Relevant articles were analysed and compared for commonality and difference. Eight themes emerged from the literature: response to diagnosis, varied response to ID, concern for the future, work, roles and relationships, impact of fathers upon child development, fathers and service providers, fathers’ needs and coping strategies. This review of the literature presents areas of similarity and divergence and highlights the lack of information that relates specifically to fathers of adults. There are clear messages to service providers to support the inclusion of fathers and the need for further research in this area is indicated.
Impact of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae biofilm mode of growth on the lipid A structures and stimulation of immune cells
Authors: Hathroubi Skander , Beaudry Francis , Provost Chantale , Martelet Léa , Segura Mariela , Gagnon Carl A , Jacques Mario
Published: May 2016

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), the etiologic agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, forms biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces. APP biofilms confers resistance to antibiotics. To our knowledge, no studies have examined the role of APP biofilm in immune evasion and infection persistence. This study was undertaken to (i) investigate biofilm-associated LPS modifications occurring during the switch to biofilm mode of growth; and (ii) characterize pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in porcine pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and proliferation in porcine PBMCs challenged with planktonic or biofilm APP cells. Extracted lipid A samples from biofilm and planktonic cultures were analyzed by HPLC high-resolution, accurate mass spectrometry. Biofilm cells displayed significant changes in lipid A profiles when compared with their planktonic counterparts. Furthermore, in vitro experiments were conducted to examine the inflammatory response of PAMs exposed to UV-inactivated APP grown in biofilm or in suspension. Relative mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory genes IL1, IL6, IL8 and MCP1 decreased in PAMs when exposed to biofilm cells compared to planktonic cells. Additionally, the biofilm state reduced PBMCs proliferation. Taken together, APP biofilm cells show a weaker ability to stimulate innate immune cells, which could be due, in part, to lipid A structure modifications.
People Who Choose Time Over Money Are Happier
Authors: Hershfield Hal E. , Mogilner Cassie , Barnea Uri
Published: May 2016

Money and time are both scarce resources that people believe would bring them greater happiness. But would people prefer having more money or more time? And how does one’s preference between resources relate to happiness? Across studies, we asked thousands of Americans whether they would prefer more money or more time. Although the majority of people chose more money, choosing more time was associated with greater happiness—even controlling for existing levels of available time and money. Additional studies and experiments provide insight into choosers’ underlying rationale and the causal direction of the effect.
Antiretroviral Therapy in Children Less Than 24 Months of Age at Pediatric HIV Centers in Tanzania
Authors: Naik Neel Mahesh , Bacha Jason , Gesase Anthony E. , Barton Theresa , Schutze Gordon E. , Wanless Richard Sebastian , Minde Mercy Maria , Mwita Lumumba Francis , Tolle Mike A.
Published: May 2016

Background:

Without antiretroviral therapy (ART), approximately one-half of HIV-infected infants will die by two years. In 2010, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that all HIV-infected infants < 24 months be initiated on ART regardless of their clinical/immunologic status. However, there remains little published data detailing cohorts of infants on ART in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study describes baseline characteristics and 12 month outcomes of a cohort of HIV-infected children < 24 months of age at pediatric HIV centers in Mwanza and Mbeya, Tanzania.

Materials and Methods:

Retrospective chart review. Inclusion criteria: children < 24 months of age, initiated on ART at Baylor Children s Foundation Tanzania clinics, between March–December 2011.

Results:

Baseline: Ninety-three children were initiated on ART at a median age of 13.4 months. Sixty-seven percent had severe immunosuppression and 31.5% had severe malnutrition. Outcome: Seventy-three patients were still in care at 12 month follow-up, there were four (4.3%) deaths, five (5.4%) patients transferred, and 11 (11.8%) loss to follow-up. Average CD4% was 32.7 (p < 0.001). Ninety percent of patients were WHO treatment stage I (p < 0.001). Eighty-six percent had normal nutritional status (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Our cohort of HIV infected children < 24 months initiated on ART did well clinically at 12 month outcomes despite being severely immunocompromised and malnourished at baseline. Nevirapine based regimens had good 12 month clinical outcomes, regardless of maternal exposure. Loss to follow-up rate was high for our cohort, demonstrating the need to develop strong mechanisms to counteract this.
Business Communication Practices From Employers’ Perspectives
Authors: Coffelt Tina A. , Baker Matthew J. , Corey Robert C.
Published: May 2016

This study investigates the meaning of communication skills from employers’ perspectives. Students enrolled in a business communication course were asked to contact potential employers in their fields of interest, requesting information about important communication skills in those fields. Using content analysis, two coders familiar with business communication analyzed 52 of the resulting open-ended responses. The analysis of 165 skills suggests employers recall oral communication more frequently than written, visual, or electronic communication skills. Of oral communication subskills, interpersonal communication was mentioned more than other workplace communication skills.