bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impairment of assets – the role of norm reminders in non-compliant accounting decisions. An experimental investigation of gender differences
Authors: Kołodziej Sabina , Maruszewska Ewa
Published: July 2021

Objective: This article examines the impact of accounting norm reminders on a decision about the impairment of two groups of assets: receivables and inventories. It also inves-tigates the ethical judgment of a non-compliant decision. Method: The examination is performed via a laboratory experiment. Results: A non-compliant decision was found to have a significant impact in the groups of males and females. Men’s propensity to non-compliance was higher regardless of the group of assets, suggesting that imprecise accounting regulations are perceived as a gateway to manipulations. Women’s propensity to make a non-compliant decision after recalling a norm was different, depending on the type of asset. The ethical evaluation was affected by gender: women evaluated a non-compliant decision of two groups of assets differently after recalling a norm. The main contribution of the study indicates that accountants may decide the opposite to the norm’s intention when the norm is less precise. Limitations: The study was conducted in one country and among masters’ degree ac-counting students. The number of males was relatively small. Practical implications: The results should be of interest to behavioral researchers, academic teachers, and Polish standards setters as they continue to develop national accounting standards. Contribution: We provide evidence that the interaction of norm recall, the type of asset, as well as the gender of the decision-maker impacts non-compliant decisions.
Is it possible to improve methods of intellectual property valuation?
Authors: Heller J , Zlachevskaia Daria
Published: July 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify ways to improve or simplify the quality and accuracy of IP valuations via accounting regulation improvements. Methodology/approach: This research relies on qualitative research methods such as case law analysis and comparative research of accounting standards and approaches. Findings: Evidence from this study points towards the conclusion that financial statements currently only reflect a historic financial record of the particular business, profoundly biased by a conservative tangible assets perspective. The central thesis of this study is that it makes sense to adopt a comprehensive intellectual property valuation strategy to ascertain the specific value of the intangible assets since the comprehensive application of valuation models is likely to yield superior results to using them separately. Research limitations/implications: Although the proposed approach seeks to bring more clarity to the valuation process while simplifying the appraisal of intellectual property assets, its efficacy is subject to increased transparency, a maturing intellectual property market, and credible data availability. Originality/value: This study makes a valuable contribution to research on methods that facilitate accurate intellectual property valuation while offering an alternative valuation model which combines the strengths of individual valuation models.
Controlling Growth of Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococci Isolated from Sports Mats: A Report from the Golestan Province, Iran
Authors: Nejati Maedeh , Fozouni Leila , Mahmoodjanloo Mehrali
Published: July 2021

Background: Gyms are among the places where various human infections can spread. One of the most important strategies to prevent infection spread among athletes is the use of strong and effective disinfectants. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the antiseptic properties of chlorhexidine gluconate and pomegranate peel extract on staphylococcal isolates from sports mats. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 22 Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from a total of 105 sports mat samples. After identification of multi-drug resistant (MDR) staphylococcal isolates, the antimicrobial effect of chlorhexidine gluconate 20% and pomegranate peel extract was evaluated by broth microdilution according to the instructions of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results: Overall, 14 (66.7%) S. aureus and 8 (28.6%) S. epidermidis isolates resistant to azithromycin, linezolid, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, and aztreonam were reported as MDR strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of chlorhexidine gluconate, which inhibited the growth of 90% of MDR S. aureus isolates was 250 μg/mL, which was 4-fold lower than the MIC of pomegranate peel extract (MIC90 ≥ 500μg/mL) and 2-fold lower against MDR S. epidermidis isolates (MIC90 ≤ 125 μg/mL). The MIC of chlorhexidine gluconate and pomegranate peel extract against S. aureus isolates differed significantly (P = 0.037). Conclusions: Compared to pomegranate peel extract, chlorhexidine gluconate has a higher antibacterial effect on MDR staphylococcal isolates from sports mats. Further research is required to verify the efficacy of this biocide for disinfection of gyms and sports clubs.
Georgia Depository Libraries: Expanding Engagement During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Glenn Valerie D. , Aycock Laurie
Published: July 2021

Through the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP), the Government Publishing Office (GPO) provides materials published by government agencies to designated libraries in the United States and its territories. In return, these libraries offer free, public access to the materials in their depository collections. The state of Georgia has 23 federal depository libraries—one Regional and 22 Selectives. All but two of these libraries are affiliated with academic institutions, and the majority are part of the University System of Georgia (USG).
Weeding Digital Government Information Resources: Considerations and Strategies
Authors: Riermaier Paul , Bandoma Williams , Gagnon Sue , Marler Janet , Standish Sandra , Turner Victoria
Published: July 2021

Weeding is a systematic approach to the removal of resources from a library’s collection. In the weeding process, materials are identified for withdrawal in order to maintain a collection that is accurate, updated, well-used, meets the needs of the users, and is in line with the library’s mission. When weeding tangible resources that are part of the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP), a depository library must ensure that its weeding policy follows the Legal Requirements & Program Regulations of the Federal Depository Library Program and any separate guidelines set by the Regional Depository. However, there are no specific rules or guidelines to follow when weeding digital FDLP resources. This means that individual libraries have more leeway to craft digital weeding procedures that best serve their institution, patrons, and the community at large. In this article, we will discuss initial considerations when developing a process for weeding digital depository materials, we will examine different methods for analyzing a digital collection’s size and usage, and we will review methods for maintenance and weeding of digital resources.
Beyond HHS: An Analysis of Federal Resources Which Exhibit Impacts of the United States Opioid Epidemic
Authors: Alford Emily
Published: July 2021

In recent years, the opioid crisis across the United States has influenced the research of many professional fields. Widely known as a first stop information source for analysts and professionals in the medical and public health worlds, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) gathers and presents extensive data on prescription rates and overdose numbers to the public. However, the opioid crisis is a collective matter. It holds cause and effect economically, environmentally, and socially. This article explores resources developed by federal departments outside of HHS, which provide useful data and information relevant to their fields on such impacts. Departments such as Agriculture, Education, Labor, Housing and Urban Development—even the General Services Administration—make available statistics both the public and researchers can access to learn more about the effects of this crisis.
Censorship Dateline
Authors: Stroshane Eric
Published: July 2021

SchoolsColleges and UniversitiesNationwidePrisons
Success Stories
Authors: Stroshane Eric
Published: July 2021

LibrariesSchools
Self-regulated Learning Strategies of Learners of English in a Turkish State University to Improve their Language Proficiency
Authors: Tomak Burak , Seferoğlu Gölge
Published: July 2021

In today’s world, it is recognized that learners should be in charge of their own learning. Therefore, language learners are expected to regulate their language learning process. This study aimed at investigating the self-regulation process a group of language learners at A1 level went through during a one-year English prep program they attended at a state university in Turkey. The students were to get English medium instruction (EMI) in their departments if they passed the English proficiency exam at the end of the year. Ten participants were selected based on the results of Strategy Inventory for language learning (SILL) (Oxford, & Burry-Stock, 1995), which was applied on 169 English language students who started their language learning with A1 level. On the basis of the questionnaire results, three students were selected from the higher average learners, three students were selected from below average learners and four students were chosen from average learners. These ten participants were interviewed twice: at the end of the first term and the second term. It was found that learners who were highly self-regulated had both self-study time and evaluated their development in terms of linguistic competence. Based on the findings, it can be suggested that learners must monitor their language development and plan their own learnings accordingly.
Exploring the Impact of Performance-based Assessment on Malian EFL Learners’ Motivation
Authors: Koné Kadidja
Published: July 2021

This study investigates university English learners’ motivational and emotional responses to a performance-based assessment project before and after the project. Data were collected from 25 students learning English as a foreign language using two motivation questionnaires while they were working individually on a project called “Identity Poem”. A quantitative analysis of the data using descriptive and inferential statistics revealed that participants were highly motivated before and after the project. This increase in the level of motivation at both stages could be explained by the supportive behavior of the teacher and by the topic of the project that aroused curiosity and interest. Their emotional state was also positive at both stages due to their perception of the feasibility of the project and a high level of confidence resulting from outstanding performance. Regarding the qualitative data, an analysis based on the number of references to a pattern was utilized. The findings corroborated the high level of motivation observed with the quantitative results before and after the project. They additionally supported the quantitative findings indicating that the participants’ emotional state was relatively positive. However, a few learners were anxious, but their anxiety did not prevent them from completing the project. Regarding the pedagogical implications, project work can be used as an alternative in assessment so that learners can stay motivated during the assessment process. To achieve this aim, language teachers need to ensure that a project is within the learners’ reach and provide them with quality feedback at every stage.
The Grammaticalization of the Spanish Construction lo que pasa es que: From Lexical Reference to Subjectification
Authors: Limerick Philip P.
Published: July 2021

The construction lo que pasa es que ‘what happens is that’ is a Spanish discourse marker that was originally a pseudo-cleft construction. Before becoming grammaticalized, the verb pasar contained its full lexical meaning ‘to happen,’ but later evolved into a fixed expression losing its lexical meaning and acquiring an implicit contrastive and causal meaning. The present study aims to describe the construction’s evolution on the path of grammaticalization in relation to Traugott’s (1989) three semantic-pragmatic tendencies. In addition, a Usage-based Theory approach is employed in order to describe some of the formal aspects of the construction. Using two corpora, CORDE and Corpus del Español, all instances of the construction were located and analyzed with regard to function and usage in context. Results indicate that the construction was first used in the 16th Century and that its evolution as lexical > concessive > epistemic is in line with Traugott’s tendencies. Mechanisms of change such as chunking and phonetic reduction and loss of compositionality and analyzability, as well as increase in overall frequency are also discussed in relation to this construction, lending further support to Usage-based theory.
Effect of Quality Standards on the Performance of Agricultural Exports in Cameroon
Authors: Ngatsi Eric Brice Fosso , Flore Demdou Minette , Joslanie Douanla Tameko , Noël Bouopda Guerlais
Published: July 2021

The aim of this paper is to assess the effects of quality standards imposed by developed countries on agricultural exports in Cameroon. Based on the quantification technique of Bora and et al. [1], we have constructed an indicator capturing the quality standards imposed by the developed country partners of Cameroon. The empirical analysis is done by applying the Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood (PPML) estimator to a gravity model on a panel made up of developed countries importing agricultural products from Cameroon. The results show that, over a study period of 2001-2018, compliance with the quality standards imposed by developed countries is restrictive and has a negative impact on agricultural exports in Cameroon. Thus, a 10% strengthening of quality standards results in a decrease of about 2.83% in the volume of agricultural exports to Cameroon. Given the very demanding nature of quality standards, their compliance can enable the Cameroonian agricultural export sector to become more competitive on the international market. We recommend training and support for producers in order to give them the opportunity to comply with the standards.
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Vitiligo: Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Aspects
Authors: Ibrahim Hassan Mohammed , Abd El-Aziz Nada Essam El-din , Abdel-Hamid Ali Soheir , Hegazy Eisa Mohamed , Hassan Mohammed H.
Published: July 2021

Vitiligo is an acquired skin disorder that is characterized by a gradual loss of skin pigmentation when melanocytes, the skin's pigment-producing cellsis lost. Pathogenicmechanisms are not well understood. Genetic, abnormal biochemical pathways, autoimmune, melanocyte adhesion deficits and nervous system imbalances are among the pathogenic triggers. Vitiligo lesions have  also been shown to have macrophage infiltration.Macrophagemigration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a lymphokine that concentrates macrophages at inflammatory sites and is involved in cell-mediated immunity.MIF enhances chemotaxis and macrophage infiltration and upregulates inflammatory responses by inducing the expression of proinflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2.Therapyfor vitiligo includes corticosteroids, immunomodulatory agents, vitamin D nalogues, antioxidants, phototherapy, laser and surgical therapy.However, no single treatment for vitiligo produces consistently good results and treatment response is variable.  Narrow-band ultraviolet (NB-UVB, 311–313nm) phototherapy is viewed as backbone of treatment. Systemic therapies such as systemic corticosteroids and methotrexate were previously used to treat vitiligo which was assumed to be auto-immune nature.Pathogenic mechanisms, role of MIF and various treatment guidelines are discussed in this review
Physico-Chemical Quality Assessment of Various Bottled Commercial Water Brands in Okada Town, Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ngubi F. W. , Eiroboyi I.
Published: July 2021

In this study, Physico-chemical assessment of some commercial drinking water sold in bottles in Okada Town was evaluated to ascertain their compliance with World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS): Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality threshold limits using standard analytical methods. Seven different bottled water samples obtained from different manufacturers labelled BWA to BWG were analyzed physically and chemically. Physical examination of the samples showed that they were odourless, colourless, and tasteless. Chemical quality parameters examined were pH, Chloride (Cl-), total hardness (TS), Phosphate (PHO3-), Nitrate (NO3-), Sulphate (SO42-), Iron (Fe), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity, turbidity, and total suspended solids (TSS). The pH values of 57.1% of the water samples (BWA, BWB, BWC, BWE & BWF) were within the standards. The remaining chemical quality parameters (Cl-, TS, PHO3-, NO3-, Sulphate SO42-, Iron Fe, K, NA, Mn, Zn, TDS, Conductivity, turbidity, and TSS) of the branded bottled water samples were within the standards for clean and safe drinking. Therefore, they were considered safe and fit for human consumption.
Comparative Study of Native or Nano Quercetin on Epigenetic Modification and Nephropathy Biomarkers Post Challenges in Diabetic Hamsters
Authors: Nassar Soha Shebel , Sadek Mona Ahmed , Ismail Huda Mohamed , Moram Gehan Salah El-Din
Published: July 2021

Aims: The aim of this study is to examine the regulatory effects of quercetin nanoparticles (QNPs) compared with native quercetin either with or without metformin against the abnormal molecular and biochemical pathways that eventually culminate in the pathologic condition clinically known as diabetic nephropathy (DN) in hamsters

Methodology: After synthesis and characterization of the QNPs, seventy male adult hamsters are divided as following; G1:healthy control, G2:untreated DN hamsters, G3:DN+metformin G4:DN+native quercetin, G5:DN+QNPs, G6:DN+native quercetin+ metformin and G7: DN + QNPs + metformin.

Results: Our results illustrated that the effect of QNPs + metformin is the most effective in IRS-1 and GLUT-4 gene expression that correlated with inhibition of HDACs which in turn improved diabetic and nephropathy biomarkers, this effectiveness followed by G6 then   G3 and finally G4 after G5. These results were confirmed by immunohistochemical  examinations. Levels of antioxidant and inflammatory biomarkers also reflected the protective effect of our treatments.

Conclusion: All tested treatments significantly exhibit renal improvement.
Incidence and Management of Post Cholecystectomy Biliary Fistula at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Haq Ahtesham-Ul- , Memon Sohail Ahmed , Memon Riaz Ahmad , Rasool Bilal , Khatti Shahnawz , Khatoon Shahida
Published: July 2021

Objective: To determine the incidence and management of post cholecystectomy biliary fistula at tertiary care Hospital. 

Methodology: This was a prospective study which was conducted at general surgery department of Liaquat University of Medical and health Sciences, during one year from March 2017 to February 2018. All the patients those underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy or open cholecystectomy, age more than15 years and either of gender were included. All the patients were evaluated for developed biliary fistula after cholecystectomies. All the patients of biliary fistula were managed conservatively and surgically and their management outcome was recorded. After operation most of patients were followed up to 6 months. The data was collected via study designed proforma. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20.

Results: Out of 318 patients, 280 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomies, 38 patients underwent open cholecystectomies. Mean age of the patients was 41.34+8.23 years. Females were in majority 233(73.3%) and males were 95(29.7%). Out of all post-cholecystectomy biliary fistula was seen in 10(3.14%) patients. Incidence of post-cholecystectomy biliary fistula was insignificantly associated with types of cholecystectomies (p=0.425), while it was highly prevalent in females (p=0.001).

Conclusion: In the conclusion of this study the post cholecystectomy biliary fistula was observed to be 3.14% and mostly patients were manged via conservative treatment.
Evaluation of the Skin Infections and Conditions among Students of Gomal Medical College Pakistan
Authors: Parveen Shumaila , Alahmadi Yaser M. , Adnan Faryal , Darr Eshawa , Alalawi Ali , Rizvi Syed Shafqat Ali Shah , Awan Sadaqat Hussain , Ahmed Awais , Shahzad Muhammad Asif , Ahmed Tahseen , Shaikh Abdul Rashid , Mangi Altaf Ali
Published: July 2021

Objective: The objective of the current study is to determine the pattern of dermatological disorders and to find out their connection with different socioeconomically factors among students of the Medical College.

Methodology: The Cross sectional observational study was carried out for the period of three months .The research instrument used was the well developed questionnaire.

Results: The questionnaire was administered among total 350 students and the most participant age group was the > 22 and that was about 47.4% of the total sample size the more skin complication seen was the acne that was about 59.7%, in addition to this dandruff contributed very heavily to the hair complexities which makes about 35.7% of the sample.

Conclusion: Skin infections especially the cosmetic are very common among the Medical students.
A Compact Analytical Profile of Aripiprazole: Analytical Methodologies
Authors: Athira O. V. , Rishad Muhamed , Babu K. Anand , Praseetha K. , Indukala . , Kathirvel S.
Published: July 2021

Aripiprazole (APZ) is an antipsychotic drug that belongs to benzisoxazole derivatives and is used to treat schizophrenia as well as acute manic or mixed effects in patients with bipolar 1 disorder. APZ is used to treat certain mental, mood disorders such as bipolar disorder, Schizophrenia, Tourette's syndrome, and irritability associated with autistic disorder. It may also be used in combination with other medication to treat depression. The present review article would be useful for prospective studies for researchers interested in APZ formulation production and quality management. Using a thorough computer assisted literature survey; this review touches upon the various reported analytical methods for the quantification of APZ both in API (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient) and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The present write-up also encompasses the various published research articles like Spectroscopy techniques, X- Ray Diffraction (XRD), Electro Chemical Technique, Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Capillary Electrophoresis. This is the first review article in this series with focus on the analytical profile of APZ. Although, several methods were reported in the literature, HPLC stands out first for the quantification of APZ.
Steps towards Universal Health Coverage through Health and Wellness Center under Ayushman Bharat Programme Delivering Comprehensive Primary Health Care in Bhandara District
Authors: Ambekar Shrikant Madhukar , Quazi S. Z. , Gaidhane Abhay , Patil Manoj
Published: July 2021

Background: In 2018-19 as recommended by National Health Policy an Ambitious health care scheme as Ayushman Bharat programme was started by Government of India steps toward the Universal health coverage. Ayushman Bharat is also known as Healthy India having two major component. Creation of Health and Wellness Centres and Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY). Comprehensive primary health care services will be delivered up gradation of existing health facility in various 10 core area and 13 different types of health services will be delivered at HWC health facility.

Progress in Health and Wellness under Ayushman Bharat Programme: First HWC was inaugurated by GOI in state of Chhattisgarh within Bijapur district at jangla village of Bhairamgarh Taluka on On 18th April 2018. Till 06th Feb 2021 total 58961 Health and wellness cneters are operational in India and In Maharashtra total 8423 Health and wellness cneters are operational where in Bhandara district total 177 Health and wellness cneters are operational which include 143 SHC Health and wellness center, 33 PHC Health and wellness center and 1 UPHC Health and wellness center.

Achievements in Health and Wellness Center: In Bhandara district 98% of Medical Officer, 90% of Staff Nurse, 93% of MPW Female, 88% of MPW Male and 99% of ASHA trained NPCDCS Programme. Where 10,69,219 screening test for Hypertension and 10,81,901 screening test for Diabetes conducted in HWC health facility. Total 4097 Yoga sessions conducted at HWC health facility.

Conclusion: 13 different types of health services which are delivered at Health and Wellness Centres health facility under Ayushman Bharat is step towards the Unvarsal health coverage provision in rural area of bhandara district.
Case Report on Left Ovarian Torsion: A Rare Complication in an Adolescent PCOS
Authors: Priyanjali . , Mohammed Shazia , Acharya Neema , Salve Mehul , Singh Priyanka
Published: July 2021

Introduction:  Ovarian torsion is an acute emergency and women in any age group having cysts may have this complication. With increase in number of women having PCOS mainly adolescent girls are also at risk of this complication. Here we report a case of young PCOS girl who presented with acute abdomen who was found to have left ovarian torsion. The emergency was managed by emergency laparoscopic derotation and oophoropexy.

Main symptoms and clinical findings:  A 14 year old girl with PCOS presented with severe pain over right lower abdomen and was associated with 2 episodes of non-bilious vomiting. On examination she was anxious with tachycardia of 104 bpm. Right iliac fossa was tender without any distension, guarding or rigidity.

Main diagnoses, therapeutic interventions, and outcomes:  Her lab investigation revealed leukocytosis with hormonal profile consistent with PCOS. On USG there was bulky left ovary of 7.9 x 5.5 x 4 cms and volume of 87cc with lack of arterial blood flow. She was promptly taken up for emergency laparoscopy where left ovary was rotated 360 degree clockwise with gangrenous looking cyst wall which improved on detorsion. Left ovary was then fixed to lateral pelvic wall in anatomical position.

Conclusion:  All adolescent girls with ovarian torsion but no apparent ovarian pathology should be tested for PCOS using ultrasound and biochemical tests. Also girls with known PCOS  in this age group presenting with acute abdomen, ovarian torsion should be considered and promptly investigated.
The Use of Bacteriophages and Immunological Monitoring for the Treatment of a Case of Chronic Septicemic Cutaneous Ulcerative Disease in a Loggerhead Sea Turtle Caretta caretta
Authors: Greene Whitney , Chan Benjamin , Bromage Erin , Grose Julianne H. , Walsh Cathy , Kortright Kaitlyn , Forrest Sue , Perry Grace , Byrd Lynne , Stamper M. Andrew
Published: July 2021

In this case study, phage therapy was applied to treat a multidrug-resistant case of septicemic cutaneous ulcerative disease (SCUD) caused by Citrobacter freundii in a loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta. Phages were applied topically, intravenously, into the carapace, and into the exhibit water using various phage cocktails specific to the causative agent over an 8-month period. This was performed in conjunction with antimicrobial therapy. The animal was monitored through weekly cultures, photographs, and complete blood cell counts, as well as immune assays (phagocytosis, plasma lysozyme and superoxide dismutase activity, and plasma electrophoresis profiles). The animal, in comparison to an untreated, unaffected control, had elevated antibody titers to the administered phages, which persisted for at least 35 weeks. Although cultures were clear of C. freundii after phage treatment, the infection did return over time and immune assays confirmed deficiencies when compared to a healthy loggerhead sea turtle. Immune parameters with statistically significant changes over the study period included the following: decreased phagocytosis, increased alpha- and gamma-globulin protein components, and an increased albumin : globulin ratio. When C. freundii appeared again, the multidrug-resistant status had reverted back to normal susceptibility patterns. Although not completely known whether it was another subspecies of bacteria, the therapy did resolve the multidrug-resistant challenge. Phage therapy in combination with antimicrobial agents may be an effective treatment for sea turtles with normally functioning immune systems or less-severe infections. Additional research is needed to better understand and quantify sea turtle immunology.
Thermal Stability and S‐Phase Evolution in Ultrafine‐Grained Al−Mg−Li Alloy Produced by Equal‐Channel Angular Pressing
Authors: Naydenkin Evgeny V. , Mishin Ivan P. , Zabudchenko Olga V.
Published: July 2021

Ultrafine‐grained (UFG) aluminum alloys produced by severe plastic deformation demonstrate high mechanical properties but low thermal stability, which can negatively affect their service characteristics. Herein, the thermal stability of structure and S‐phase (Al2LiMg) evolution in UFG Al−5.5Mg−2.2Li−0.12Zr alloy produced by equal‐channel angular pressing (ECAP) are studied during heating and direct annealing. It is found that the UFG structure with an average grain size of about 1 μm formed by ECAP is preserved at up to 410 °C (≈0.7 T
m), with a significant decrease in dislocation density (from 5 × 109 to 3 × 108 cm−2) and the fraction of low‐angle grain boundaries (from 20% to 5%) at 380 °C. The dissolution of metastable semicoherent SI‐phase particles located within grains at 330 °C is accompanied by a corresponding increase in Mg content in solid solution. The transfer of Mg atoms from solid solution to grain boundaries at 380 °C with subsequent coalescent growth of SII particles leads to an increase in the volume fraction (from 3% to 12%) and size of the particles and to recrystallization in UFG Al−Mg−Li alloy at 415 °C.
Flexible Osteogenic Glue as an All‐In‐One Solution to Assist Fracture Fixation and Healing
Authors: Tang Jincheng , Xi Kun , Chen Hao , Wang Lingjun , Li Dongya , Xu Yun , Xin Tianwen , Wu Liang , Zhou Yidi , Bian Jiang , Cai Zhengwei , Yang Huilin , Deng Lianfu , Gu Yong , Cui Wenguo , Chen Liang
Published: July 2021

Osteogenic glue that reproduces the natural bone composition represents the final frontier of orthopedic adhesives with the potential to revolutionize surgical strategies against comminuted fractures. However, it is difficult to achieve an all‐in‐one formula, which could provide flexible and reliable adhesiveness while avoiding interfering with or even promoting the healing of glued fractures. Herein, an osteogenic glue characterized by inorganic‐in‐organic integration between amine‐modified mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (AMBGN) and bioadhesive gelatin‐dextran network (GelDex) is introduced as an all‐in‐one tool to flexibly adhere and splice bone fragments and subsequently guide fracture healing during degradation. Relying on such integration, a 4‐fold improvement in cohesiveness is presented, followed by a nearly 5‐fold enhancement in adhesive strength in ex vivo porcine bone samples. The reversible and re‐adjustable adhesiveness also enables glue to effectively splice intricate fragments from highly comminuted fractures in the rabbit radius in an in vivo environment. Moreover, well‐preserved organic–inorganic integrity during degradation of the glue guides sustained interfacial osteogenesis and achieve satisfying healing outcomes in glued fractures, as observed by the 2‐fold improvement in biomechanical and radiological performance compared with commercially available cyanoacrylate adhesives. The current findings propose an all‐in‐one solution for the fixation of bone fragments during surgery.
2D Layered Dipeptide Crystals for Piezoelectric Applications
Authors: Zelenovskii Pavel S. , Romanyuk Konstantin , Liberato Michelle S. , Brandão Paula , Ferreira Fabio F. , Kopyl Svitlana , Mafra Luís M. , Alves Wendel A. , Kholkin Andrei L.
Published: July 2021

2D piezoelectric materials such as transition metal dichalcogenides are attracting significant attention because they offer various benefits over bulk piezoelectrics. In this work, the fabrication of layered biomolecular crystals of diphenylalanine (FF) obtained via a co‐assembly of l,l‐ and d,d‐ enantiomers of FF monomers is reported. Their crystal structure, thermal and chemical stabilities, and piezoelectric properties are investigated. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction results show that FF enantiomers are arranged in the form of bilayers consisting of monomers with alternating chirality packed into a tape‐like monoclinic structure belonging to a polar space group P21. Each bilayer (≈1.5 nm thick) demonstrates strong out‐of‐plane piezoelectricity (d33 ≈ 20 pm V−1) that is almost an order of magnitude higher than in the archetypical piezoelectric material quartz. The grown crystals demonstrate better thermal and chemical stabilities than self‐assembled hexagonal FF nanotubes studied in the past. Piezoelectric bilayers, being held via weak aromatic interaction in the bulk crystals, can be exfoliated by mechanical or chemical methods, thus resulting in a 2D piezoelectric material, which can find various applications in biocompatible and ecologically friendly electromechanical microdevices, such as sensors, actuators, and energy harvesting elements used in implantable and wearable electronics.
Tuning the Electrolyte Solvation Structure to Suppress Cathode Dissolution, Water Reactivity, and Zn Dendrite Growth in Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Sailin , Mao Jianfeng , Pang Wei Kong , Vongsvivut Jitraporn , Zeng Xiaohui , Thomsen Lars , Wang Yanyan , Liu Jianwen , Li Dan , Guo Zaiping
Published: July 2021

The cycle life of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) is limited by the notable challenges of cathode dissolution, water reactivity, and zinc dendrites. Here, it is demonstrated that by tuning the electrolyte solvation structure, the issues for both the electrodes and the electrolyte can be addressed simultaneously. Specifically, a fire‐retardant triethyl phosphate (TEP) is demonstrated as a cosolvent with strong solvating ability in a nonaqueous/aqueous hybrid electrolyte. The TEP features a higher donor number (26 kcal mol−1) than H2O (18 kcal mol−1), preferring to form a TEP occupied inner solvation sheath around Zn2+ and strong hydrogen bonding with H2O. The TEP coordinated electrolyte structure can inhibit the reactivity of H2O with V2O5 and leads to a robust polymeric‐inorganic interphase (poly‐ZnP2O6 and ZnF2) on zinc anode effectively preventing the dendrite growth and parasitic water reaction. With such an optimized electrolyte, the Zn/Cu cells perform high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.5%, and the full cell with a low capacity ratio of Zn:V2O5 (2:1) and lean electrolyte (11.5 g Ah−1) delivers a reversible capacity of 250 mAh g−1 for over 1000 cycles at 5 A g−1. This study highlights the promise of a successful electrolyte regulation strategy for the development of high‐performance and practical ZIBs.
Toward High Mobility Green Solvent‐Processable Conjugated Polymers: A Systematic Study on Chalcogen Effect in Poly(Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐alt‐Terchalcogenophene)s
Authors: Wang Zhongli , Shi Yibo , Deng Yunfeng , Han Yang , Geng Yanhou
Published: July 2021

Nine diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)‐based conjugated polymers (CPs), that is, poly(diketopyrrolopyrrole‐alt‐terchalcogenophene)s, via combinations of furanyl‐(FDPP), thienyl‐(TDPP), selenophenyl‐DPP (SeDPP) and furan, thiophene, selenophene comonomers, are synthesized to explore the chalcogen effect on the solubility, film morphology/microstructure, and charge transport property of the resultant polymers. All polymers except for SeDPP‐Se are soluble in non‐chlorinated solvents such as o‐xylene and tetralin. Flanking of DPP with furan in FDPP‐F, FDPP‐T, and FDPP‐Se enables even good solubility in green solvent anisole. TDPP‐Se exhibits the highest reliable hole mobility over 10 cm2 V−1 s−1 in organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) bar‐coated from o‐xylene/tetralin (20/80 v/v) solution. With anisole as the processing solvent, FDPP‐F‐based bar‐coated OTFTs displays a reliable hole mobility up to 3.50 cm2 V−1 s−1. This is the first report on green solvent processed OTFTs with mobility above 1 cm2 V−1 s−1. Charge transport property of all the polymers is correlated with the film morphology and microstructure that are noticeably influenced by the type and position of chalcogenophenes. The current work sheds light on the design of high mobility CPs processable with green solvents.
A pH‐Triggered Self‐Unpacking Capsule Containing Zwitterionic Hydrogel‐Coated MOF Nanoparticles for Efficient Oral Exendin‐4 Delivery
Authors: Zhou Yuhao , Chen Zhixiong , Zhao Dan , Li Dong , He Chaoliang , Chen Xuesi
Published: July 2021

Oral peptide or protein delivery is considered a revolutionary alternative to daily subcutaneous injection; however, major challenges remain in terms of impediments of the gastrointestinal environment and the intestinal epithelium consisting of mucus and the epithelial cell layer, leading to low bioavailability. To protect against gastrointestinal degradation and promote penetration across the intestinal mucosa, a pH‐triggered self‐unpacking capsule encapsulating zwitterionic hydrogel‐coated metal‐organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles is engineered. The MOF nanoparticles possess a high exendin‐4 loading capacity, and the zwitterionic hydrogel layer imparts unique capability of permeation across the mucus layer and effective internalization by epithelial cells to the nano‐vehicles. In addition to the gastro‐resistant feature, the pH‐responsive capsules are dissociated drastically in the intestinal environment due to the rapid generation of abundant CO2 bubbles, which triggers a sudden release of the nanoparticles. After oral administration of the capsules containing exendin‐4‐loaded nanoparticles into a diabetes rat model, markedly enhanced plasma exendin‐4 levels are achieved for over 8 h, leading to significantly increased endogenous insulin secretion and a remarkable hypoglycemic effect with a relative pharmacological availability of 17.3%. Owing to the low risk of hypoglycemia, this oral exendin‐4 strategy will provide a vast potential for daily and facile diabetes treatment.
Persistent Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence from Purely Organic Molecules and Multi‐Component Systems
Authors: Wu Zhu , Nitsch Jörn , Marder Todd B.
Published: July 2021

Recently, luminophores showing efficient room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) have gained tremendous interest due to their numerous applications. However, most phosphors are derived from transition metal complexes because of their intrinsic fast intersystem crossing (ISC) induced by strong spin–orbit coupling (SOC) constants of the heavy metal. Metal‐free RTP materials are rare and have become a promising field because they are inexpensive and environmentally friendly. This review summarizes organic molecular materials with long triplet lifetimes at room temperature from the perspective of whether they stem from a molecular or multi‐component system. Among purely organic phosphors, heteroatoms are usually introduced into the backbone in order to boost the singlet–triplet ISC rate constant. In multi‐component systems, useful strategies such as host–guest, polymer matrix, copolymerization, and supramolecular assembly provide a rigid matrix to restrict nonradiative pathways thus realizing ultralong RTP.
Fluorescent Carbon Nitride Macrostructures Derived from Triazine‐Based Cocrystals
Authors: Barrio Jesús , Barzilai Shmuel , Karjule Neeta , Amo‐Ochoa Pilar , Zamora Félix , Shalom Menny
Published: July 2021

Carbon nitride (CN) based materials have emerged as efficient photo‐ and electrocatalysts for various reactions. However, despite their intriguing optical properties (i.e., fluorescence), their utilization as solid‐state sensing platforms remains in its infancy, owing to the formation of defect states during the materials synthesis, leading to low emission for the CN powder. Here, a bottom‐up synthesis of CN macrostructures with good photoluminescence properties in both liquid and solid state is introduced, from designed triazine‐based cocrystals with ordered morphology and tailored chemical composition. Upon calcination at 500 °C, the starting morphology and chemical composition are retained, resulting in the alteration of the HOMO‐LUMO distribution of the CN materials, as further supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The good photoluminescence properties of the new CN materials enable their exploitation as environmentally friendly, robust, and cheap sensing material for latent fingerprints labeling and metal‐ion detection in water.
Cascade Skeletal Rearrangement of Gold Carbene Intermediates: Synthesis of Medium‐Sized Pyrimidine‐Fused Benzolactones
Authors: Wang Ali , Hu Xiaoping , Xie Xin , Liu Yuanhong
Published: July 2021

A gold‐catalyzed cyclization/cascade skeletal rearrangement of o‐cyanophenylalkynones with 3‐amino‐benzo[d]‐isoxazoles has been developed, which provides an approach for synthesizing medium‐sized benzolactones. Based on the experimental results, we postulate that the initial nucleophilic attack occurs preferentially at the keto moiety instead of the gold‐carbene. This reactivity initiates an attractive cascade process involving carbene transfer, 1,2‐aryl migration, cycloaddition, ring‐expansion etc. resulting in multiple bonds cleavage of the initial substrates.

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Potential amendments for improving productivity of low carbon semiarid soil
Authors: Maharjan Bijesh , Panday Dinesh , Blanco‐Canqui Humberto , Mikha Maysoon M.
Published: July 2021

Applying soil amendments with high C content can potentially improve soil properties and increase crop yields. The objective of this 3‐yr field study was to evaluate the effects of organic amendments on soil organic C (SOC), chemical properties, crop nutrient uptake, and crop yields in a low C sandy loam soil near Scottsbluff, NE. The field was planted to dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in 2017, maize (Zea mays L.) in 2018, and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in 2019. Char at 22.3, 44.6, 66.9, 89.2, and 133.8 Mg ha–1; biochar at 5.6 and 11.2 Mg ha–1; and composted manure and municipal compost each at 33.6 and 67.2 Mg ha–1 were applied and incorporated into the soil. In 1 yr after application, organic amendments increased SOC level in top 20 cm by 7–60%. In the second year, maize leaf tissue Fe was greater with char treatments and high biochar rate compared with the control. Greater Fe uptake in beet leaf tissue or trend for such was observed in amendment treatments at high rates compared with low rates and the control in the third year. Maize yield was enhanced with char, municipal compost, and high compost manure rate. Biochar was applied at lower rates than other amendments, and it had no effects on the parameters studied. Results suggest that locally available organic products can be potential soil amendments to increase SOC and enhance productivity. Care needs to be taken to prevent salt buildup and unwanted toxic material accumulation associated with amendments.
Recognition of the True and False Resonance Raman Optical Activity
Authors: Machalska Ewa , Zajac Grzegorz , Wierzba Aleksandra J. , Kapitán Josef , Andruniów Tadeusz , Spiegel Maciej , Gryko Dorota , Bouř Petr , Baranska Malgorzata
Published: July 2021

Resonance Raman optical activity (RROA) possesses all aspects of a sensitive tool for molecular detection, but its measurement remains challenging. We demonstrate that reliable recording of RROA of chiral colorful compounds is possible, but only after considering the effect of the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) on the ROA spectra induced by the dissolved chiral compound. We show RROA for a number of model vitamin B12 derivatives that are chemically similar but exhibit distinctively different spectroscopic behavior. The ECD/ROA effect is proportional to the concentration and dependent on the optical pathlength of the light propagating through the sample. It can severely alter relative band intensities and signs in the natural RROA spectra. The spectra analyses are supported by computational modeling based on density functional theory. Neglecting the ECD effect during ROA measurement can lead to misinterpretation of the recorded spectra and erroneous conclusions about the molecular structure.
The mediating effect of life satisfaction and the moderated mediating effect of social support on the relationship between depression and suicidal behavior among older adults
Authors: Won Mi‐Ra , Choi Eun‐Joo , Ko Eunjung , Um Youn‐Joo , Choi Yun‐Jung
Published: July 2021

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the effect of depression on suicidal behavior among older adults and identify the mediating effect of life satisfaction on the relationship between depression and suicidal behavior. The moderated mediating effects of social support through life satisfaction were also verified in the relationship between depression and suicidal behavior among older adults.

Methods

A total of 1375 people aged 65 years or older living in J city, South Korea, were recruited to complete a survey on depression, life satisfaction, suicidal behavior, and social support. Data were analyzed using SPSS24.0 and SPSS PROCESS Macro.

Results

The results showed that the effect of depression on suicidal behavior was mediated by life satisfaction, and the effect of life satisfaction on suicidal behavior varied according to the level of social support. Moreover, depression negatively affected life satisfaction, increasing the risk of suicidal behavior, and social support decreased suicidal behavior. Finally, the mediating effect of depression leading to suicidal behavior through life satisfaction was moderated by social support.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that it is necessary not only to find interventions for older adults to increase their physical, mental, and socioeconomical satisfaction with life, but also to build social networks that increase social support for them.
Thermal‐hydraulic analysis of UO2 and MOX fuel considering different cladding materials at various burnup levels in pressurized water reactor
Authors: Farha Farhana Islam , Sahadath Md. Hossain , Nishat Sadek Hossain
Published: July 2021

Thermal analysis of fuel elements with UO2 and mixed‐oxide (MOX) fuels at different fuel burnup levels has been performed analytically and by simulation using ANSYS. Results showed that UO2 incurred a lower fuel temperature than MOX under all conditions. Higher fuel element temperatures were obtained for higher levels of burnup for UO2 fuel. For MOX fuel, higher temperatures were obtained for low and high burnup fuel. Radial temperature, thermal gradient, and thermal heat flux were determined across reactor pressure vessel (RPV), demonstrating the highest value at the center of the RPV. The maximum linear power density was determined for UO2 and MOX, showing that using UO2 fuel at 2 at% burnup rendered the highest allowable linear power density. Furthermore, the transient analysis showed that there was a small rise in fuel temperature for a decrease in mass flow rate from 100% to 60% followed by a rapid increase in temperature for further reduction in flow rate.