bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generalni državni tužilac države Izrael protiv Adolfa, sina Karla Ajhmana
Authors: Fajfrić Željko
Published: November 2020

Pre 40-tak godina u Jerusalimu (suđenje je započelo 11. marta 1961. godine) održan je veliki proces Adolfu Ajhmanu (Krivični spis 40-61). Optužen je za ubistvo nekoliko miliona Jevreja. Ovo je možda i najizrazitije suđenje jednom novom pojmu zločina koji je stvoren u vreme Hitlerove vladavine nazvanom kasnije genocid. Istovremeno bilo je to i suđenje novom tipu zločinca, "zločincu sa belim okovratnikom", birokrati, ubici za pisaćim stolom. Sam Ajhman je svojom rukom ubio samo jednom (kao da je i to malo) i to onda kada je u Budimpešti do smrti pretukao jevrejskog dečaka koji je iz njegovog voćnjaka ukrao nekoliko bresaka. S druge strane "bio je dovoljan samo jedan njegov telefonski razgovor pa da krenu čitavi vozovi u logore smrti, da se pusti otrovni plin..." (iz pledoajea tužioca Hausnera)…
Undercover agent
Authors: Lukić Tatjana
Published: November 2020

The proactive investigations related to the organized crime require application of special measures of investigations like: supervision and recording the telephone and other conversations and communication through other technical devices; informers, engagement of undercover agent, entering into disguised legal transactions and rendering disguised business services controlled transportation and delivery of the subject matter of the crime. In this paper the author presented a comparative study of the legal solutions concerning the application of special measure of engagement of undercover agent, paying special attention to: legal basis for the application of this measure, the conditions and the procedure to approve this measure, term of this measure, who can be the undercover agent, the authorizations of the undercover agent, prohibition to commit crime, agent provocateur.
Marriage
Authors: Kubinjec Janko
Published: November 2020

Marriage is the only legal concept related to persons regulated by the civil law, since the civil law deals primarily with objects. Historically, marriage developed from the most personal type of slavery to marriage understood as freedom. By entering into the marital agreement the spouses abolish their own legal entity and all legal relations based on marriage as such. Spouses' legal entity will be reestablished at the time of termination of marriage. At the time of entering into marriage the spouses eliminate the possibility of internal legal relationship, while on the other hand, the new, specific legal relationship will be established when their children are born. The property relations are considered as a transition from marital to civil law.
Beginning or continuance of the reform of Serbian criminal procedural law
Authors: Grubač Momčilo
Published: November 2020

This Article represents author's reaction to the idea of initiating preparation of the new Serbian Criminal Procedural Law and achieving this goal in a short term of several months. The author thinks that this idea is uwustifiable for several reasons. Instead of drafting the new criminal code we shall take into consideration what has already been done, and we shall proceed with the reform by amending and supplementing the existing Criminal Code, by making it legally perfect in respect of several clearly defined issues, which obviously require such intervention. The author makes references to seven issues that require consideration in the reform of Serbian criminal procedural law. According to him it is necessary to: [1] make a final draft of the Criminal Code; [2] amend Criminal Code and add more detailed provisions on witness protection and protection of inured persons in the criminal procedure; [3] remove the provision on international criminal assistance and extradition from the Criminal Code and adopt a State Union law; [4] potentially change the model of investigation proceedings, by transferring investigation to the competence of the state prosecution or police and referring to the investigating judge so that he can only pass decisions on limitation of human rights during the proceedings; [5] re-evaluate once more whether the Criminal Code is in compliance with European Convention on protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms [6] harmonize the Criminal Code with later adopted constitutional provisions (Constitutional Charter 2003) and with the provisions of new Criminal Code 2005; [7] take into consideration justifiable objections of the court practice.
Pravni položaj državljana trećih zemalja u Evropskoj uniji
Authors: Bordaš Bernadet
Published: November 2020

Pravo Evropske zajednice reguliše pravni položaj pojedinaca c obzirom na ciljeve zbog kojih je EZ ustanovljena kao regionalna međunarodna organizacija i u granicama aktivnosti koje su određene radi postizanja tih ciljeva. Personalno polje primene komunitarnog prava stoga obuhvata, u prvom redu državljane država članica. Njihov pravni položaj određen je i sagledava se počev od Rimskog ugovora o ustanovljenju EEZ kroz ostvarivanje slobode kretanja radne snage, slobode nastanjivanja i slobode prometa usluga, a od Mastriškog ugovora o EU i EZ i kroz ostvarivanje slobode kretanja i boravka građana Evropske unije. Državljani trećih zemalja nisu obuhvaćeni poljem primene komunitarnog prava gationae personae, osim izuzetno i funkcionalno (1) svojstvo člana porodice državljanina države članice čini ih derivativnim subjektima i njihov položaj zavisi od položaja originernog subjekta koji ostvaruje jednu od navedenih sloboda; (2) međunarodni ugovori o saradnji pridruživanju, pristupanju, koje EZ zaključuje sa pojedinim trećim zemljama izvor su specijalnog pravnog položaja državljana tih zemalja. Amsterdamski ugovor o EZ, kao primarni izvor komunitarnog prava, po prvi put određuje pravni osnov za usvajanje mera sekundarnih izvora prava u materiji pravnog položaja državljana trećih zemalja i to: (1) u pogledu uslova ulaska i boravka, i izdavanja viza i dozvola boravka na duži rok od strane država članica; (2) u pogledu prava i uslova pod kojima državljani trećih zemalja koji legalno borave u državama članicama mogu boraviti u drugim državama članicama. Iako te komunitarne mere ne sprečavaju države članice da zadrže ili uvedu nacionalne propise u istim oblastima, one ipak postavljaju minimalne standarde na osnovu kojih se proširuje krug državljana trećih zemalja koji stiču svojstvo subjekata komunitarnog prava.
Legal status of the citizens of third countries in the European Union
Authors: Bordaš Bernadet
Published: November 2020

The law of the European Communities regulates legal status of individuals pursuant to the goals establishing EC as a regional international organization and in the scope of activities set for achieving those goals. Therefore personal scope of application of the community law relates primarily to the citizens of the Member States. Their legal status has been determined and regulated since the Roman Treaty establishing European Economic Community through the freedom of movement, freedom of residence and freedom of services, and since the Mastricht Treaty on European Union and European Community through the freedom of movement and residence for the citizens of the European Union. The citizens of third countries are not included in the scope of application of the community law rationale personae except in extraordinary circumstances: (1) the capacity of a family member of the citizen of the Member State makes them derivative participant and their status depends on the status of the original participant who is exercising one of the above mentioned freedoms; (2) international agreements on cooperation, association, accession which are concluded between the EC and certain third countries are the sources of the special legal status for the citizens of those countries. Amsterdam Treaty on EC, as a primary source of the community law, establishes for the first time legal basis for adoption of the measures of secondary law in the field of legal status of the citizens of third countries, and in particular: (1) in respect of conditions to enter and reside, issue of visa and resident permits issued by the Member States for the longer period of time; (2) in respect of rights and terms under which the citizens of third countries, who are legal aliens in the Member States, can reside in other Member States. Although those community measures do not prevent Member States to keep or to introduce national measures in these fields they set minimum basis for broadening the number of citizens of third countries who can acquire the status of the community law participant.
The idea of justice in the Antique time
Authors: Đurđić Sanja
Published: November 2020

Philosophers and lawyers have been dealing with the idea of justice for centuries. Justice is one of the most brilliant ideas of our spiritual universe. It has been considered as a domina et regina virtutum - mistress and queen of virtues. Many people think of it as the best civilizational social and legal value. The paper deals with the development of the idea of justice in the Antique time.
Confession of the accused and the Law on Criminal Procedure of Serbia 2006
Authors: Brkić Snežana
Published: November 2020

The paper has outlined the growing importance of the confession of the accused in the continental mixed criminal procedures. This importance can be viewed through the three aspects: evidence, defense and procedural, modeling role of the confession. At the same time, the special attention is paid to the limited role of the traditional procedural principles. In this paper the author has outlined and criticized compromising solution regarding the effect of confession accepted in the Law on Criminal Procedure of Serbia 2006.
Jovan Sterija Popović: Sociologist of culture and philosopher (of the natural) law
Authors: Stepanov Radivoj
Published: November 2020

The paper about Jovan Sterija Popovic consists of three parts: Biographical data, Sterija - sociologist of culture and Sterija - philosopher of the natural law. The first part of the paper deals with relevant biographical data related to Sterija's education and his establishment as a sociologist of culture and philosopher of natural law. The second part of the paper is the analysis of those Sterija's plays that made him a pioneer of the sociologist of culture in Vojvodina. The last part of the paper deals with Sterija's Rhetoric and Natural Law. This part specifically emphasizes the existing critiques and expert reviews of the Natural Law by J. S. Popovic.
Grounds that exclude the guilt
Authors: Jovašević Dragan
Published: November 2020

The new Criminal Law of the Republic of Serbia has differently defined the concept of the criminal act, whose basic, constitutive element has a subjective character and that is the guilt of the offender. The guilt is considered in two ways according to the new law: 1. as a subjective element to the concept of the criminal act, without which there is no criminal act at all and 2. as a basis for application of sanction or other criminal punishment. In case of absence of guilt due to the existence of some circumstances (bases) prescribed by the law, there is no criminal act, and the offender will not be punished. There are several bases in our law that exclude the guilt and they constitute subjective grounds for exclusion of the criminal act. Those are: unaccountability, compelling force, real and legal delusion. This paper specifically deals with concept, types and characteristics of grounds that exclude the guilt.
The provisions on minor offence court proceedings in the new Law on minor offences
Authors: Grubač Momčilo
Published: November 2020

In this paper, the author has reviewed the procedural norms of the Serbian Law on Minor Offences, except those provisions which relate to the organization of authorities in charge for conducting minor offence court proceedings and to the procedure before the administrative authorities. The author concludes that the new Law, even though the situation in this area had been inadequate, did not introduce any major changes. Therefore the author presents his view on the future reform of that part of the minor offence legislation, convinced that it will have to be done soon. The author thinks that the future reform shall start with the request to increase the efficiency level of the minor offence court proceedings, firstly by excluding preconditions that today enable its severe obstruction, while providing the standard level of protection of defendant's rights.
Provisions on liability for minor offence and minor offence sanctions in the new law on minor offences of the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Pihler Stanko
Published: November 2020

In this paper the author analyzes and reviews some of the solutions on liability and sanctions in the New Serbian Law on Minor Offences 2005, as the key issues of the minor offence law. The author expresses certain reserves to the observed trend of the minor offence law approaching the criminal law in the more pronounced and uncritical manner. The author concludes that the reasons for this trend have not yet been explored enough. He thinks that one of the main issues in solving this question is punishment of imprisonment. Having in mind certain provisions of the Law on Minor Offences, the author raises many questions related to the adequacy of the accepted solutions from the perspective of nature and function of the minor offence law. He specifically questions the issue of imprisonment in this law.
Custody in criminal proceedings: Legal grounds and procedure
Authors: Stojković Vesna
Published: November 2020

A very important issue for the normal, smooth flow of criminal procedure is an immediate presence of some persons in criminal procedure, in the first place of the accused. The actions and measures of the criminal court undertaken in order to provide the immediate presence of the accused are the following: call, bringing of the accused, measures of monitoring, caution and the most severe one - temporary arrest (custody). These measures for securing the presence of the accused and for the normal flow of criminal proceedings are placed in the new Criminal Procedural Law of Montenegro in the part devoted to general issues, unlike before when these actions were placed in the part with investigation, since these measures are now undertaken not only during investigation but also during the entire criminal procedure. The reasons for these changes as well as for repeal of some earlier solutions of the Criminal Procedural Law concerning custody lie in the necessity to implement some solutions from modern criminal procedural laws of European countries as well as to implement relevant solutions from European Declaration on Human Rights, to improve human rights and to reach European human rights standards. The three most important changes related to the custody are the following: legal conditions for imposing custody jurisdiction for imposing custody and duration of custody. As far as the legal conditions for imposing custody are concerned, they are now more favorable for the accused, and the compulsory arrest is practically repealed. Now, only the criminal court is in charge to impose custody. And the last but not the least important issue •- during the whole criminal procedure the duration of custody is legally limited and strictly controlled by the court.
Olakšavajući uslovi za stjecanje državljanstva za državljane drugih republika bivše SFRJ
Authors: Bubalo Ratko
Published: November 2020

Obaveza svake države - sljednice bivše SFRJ jeste da olakša stjecanje svog državljanstva za osobe koje su bile državljani druge republike bivše SFRJ i koje su imale stalni boravak na njenoj teritoriji u vrijeme državne sukcesije. Sve republike bivše SFRJ su to i učinile, određujući manje ili više olakšavajućih okolnosti, izuzev Hrvatske koja nije propisala u svome Zakonu o državljanstvu olakšavajuće uvjete (okolnosti) za stjecanje hrvatskog državljanstva za ovu kategoriju osoba, odnosno propisala ih je po etnički selektivnom kriterijumu samo za osobe hrvatske nacionalnosti. Na osnovu uporedne analize propisa osamostaljenih republika bivše SFRJ može se zaključiti da su SRJ (SCG) nakon 2001. godine i Srbija novim Zakonom o državljanstvu najliberalnije uredili postupak odnosno propisale veoma široke olakšavajuće okolnosti za stjecanje državljanstva SRJ (SCG) i Srbije, i to bez obzira na nacionalnu ili neku drugu pripadnost državljana drugih republika bivše SFRJ.
Complexity of the criminal procedural legislation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and its entities
Authors: Stojković Vesna
Published: November 2020

The subject of the paper is a short analytic elaboration of development of criminal procedure in Bosnia & Herzegovina and its entities during the period since disintegration of former Yugoslavia till today. The goal is also presentation of the most important new law solutions which are primarily result of the influence of elements of Anglo-Saxon criminal procedure as well as presentation of proces of unification & centralization the criminal procedure at the level of Bosnia & Herzegovina state.
A person-organization fit Model of Generation Z: Preliminary studies
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Poznań University of Technology, Faculty of Engineering Management, ul. Jacka Rychlewskiego 2, 60-965 Poznań, Poland, Graczyk-Kucharska Magdalena , Erickson G. Scott ,   the Charles A. Data Professor, School of Business at Ithaca College, 953 Danby Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, (607) 274-3011, USA
Published: November 2020

The study looks at developing a person-organization fit model based on the unique characteristics of the new generational cohort, Generation Z, now entering the workforce. Theory suggests competitive advantage may come to a firm based on its unique human capital, the human resources it employs and develops. Further, organizations will be more successful in attracting the valuable employees they seek if they can provide a workplace appealing to them in terms of organizational values, culture, and other aspects that may also include more familiar enticements such as pay and benefits. To address the gap, this pioneering study investigates the context of person-organizational culture for the Z Generation entering the labor market. The key questions answered by the authors when describing the Person-Organization Fit Framework for Generation Z include the differences in how organizational culture appeals to Gen Z men and Gen Z women. The research results are presented in three steps: an analysis of workplace environment elements for Gen Z, correlation analysis between the workplace environment elements required by Gen Z, and presentation of a Person-Organization Fit Framework for Gen Z. From a sample of 3393 students at technological secondary schools in the Wielkopolska Region, the survey results provided evidence of the workplace preferences for this cohort. In addition, results were further analyzed for differences in gender and intended profession. For this region, Generation Z has variable individual needs and wants, some of which can be easily identified (gender, profession) but some of which may be less clear. These research results may be used for designing appealing workplaces taking into account person-organization needs for young people. Based on this novel research, organizations employing the resulting work framework for Gen Z will be better prepared to consider the nature and communication of what they have to offer as well as how they can be flexible in adapting these offerings to unique individuals.
The managerial role in organizational culture as perceived by management students
Authors:   Ph.D., Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland,, Szeluga-Romańska Marta , Modzelewska Anna ,   Ph.D., Jagiellonian University, Gołębia 24, 31-007 Kraków, Poland
Published: November 2020

This paper aims at illustrating the multidimensional role of the manager and its mutual influence on organizational culture from a management students’ perspective. The main part of the text was based on own qualitative research – interviews, a questionnaire, and a narrative collage – which was conducted over a 10 year period among management students. Ninety-seven students from the Jagiellonian University and the Gdańsk University of Technology took part in the research. In order to gather, analyze and interpret the data, and to achieve reliable results, we followed the thematic analysis rules. We investigated the empirical material, provided by the management students responses to the research questions posed in the questionnaire, in the search for interesting threads, seeking a definition and an understanding of the term “manager” and the specifics of a manager’s work. We also presented several quotes from the data in accordance with the principles of data analysis in qualitative research methodology. Four different prisms were identified: gender, relational, constant learning and professional, described as the areas of managerial duties, features, and expectations. The article’s key value is the focus on students’ perception – an idealized construct of the managerial role, which states a benchmark for their own actual and prospect managerial performance. Such a perspective is very important for practice as well as for education. From a practical point of view, some management students will manage teams or organizations in the future. They should be aware of managerial duties’ elaborate character and the multiple demands on the role’s performance. They will shape the role by themselves. On the other hand, from an educational point of view, it is essential to give students some insight into their prospective role, understand the elaborate organizational relations, and the activities that appear in organizational culture that always influence management.
The Effects of the COVID-19 Economic Downturn on Medicaid Coverage for Podiatry Services
Authors: Brewer Thomas W. , Lanese Bethany G. , Appel Chad L. , Cairns James S. , Armstrong David G.
Published: November 2020

As of 2016, Medicaid accounted for nearly 20% of state general fund budgets. Optional Medicaid services such as podiatry are often subject to cost-cutting measures in periods of economic downturn, as was the case in the wake of the 2007 financial crisis. Although the cuts were intended as a cost-saving measure, research indicates that they had the opposite effect. The restriction and limitation of these services during the Great Recession resulted in both poorer health outcomes for beneficiaries, and poorer financial outcomes for state Medicaid programs. With states citing record levels of unemployment as of April of 2020 and projecting significant declines in annual revenue in 2021, the economic conditions resulting from the coronavirus disease of 2019 pandemic are likely to rival those of the Great Recession. Given the historical precedent for restricting or eliminating optional Medicaid services as a cost-saving measure, it is likely that podiatric services will once again come under scrutiny. Previous efforts by state-level podiatric societies have proven successful in lobbying for the reinstatement of coverage under Medicaid by conveying evidence of the negative outcomes associated with elimination to stakeholders. The specialty must once again engage policymakers by drawing on evidence gleaned and lessons learned from past cuts of optional Medicaid services to avert counterproductive coverage restrictions intended to mitigate the financial impact of the coronavirus disease of 2019 pandemic.
Increased mTOR activity and metabolic efficiency in mouse and human cells containing the African-centric tumor-predisposing p53 variant Pro47Ser
Authors: Gnanapradeepan Keerthana , Leu Julia I-Ju , Basu Subhasree , Barnoud Thibaut , Good Madeline , Lee Joyce V , Quinn William J , Kung Che-Pei , Ahima Rexford , Baur Joseph A , Wellen Kathryn E , Liu Qin , Schug Zachary T , George Donna L , Murphy Maureen E
Published: November 2020

The Pro47Ser variant of p53 (S47) exists in African-descent populations and is associated with increased cancer risk in humans and mice. Due to impaired repression of the cystine importer Slc7a11, S47 cells show increased glutathione (GSH) accumulation compared to cells with wild -type p53. We show that mice containing the S47 variant display increased mTOR activity and oxidative metabolism, as well as larger size, improved metabolic efficiency, and signs of superior fitness. Mechanistically, we show that mTOR and its positive regulator Rheb display increased association in S47 cells; this is due to an altered redox state of GAPDH in S47 cells that inhibits its ability to bind and sequester Rheb. Compounds that decrease glutathione normalize GAPDH-Rheb complexes and mTOR activity in S47 cells. This study reveals a novel layer of regulation of mTOR by p53, and raises the possibility that this variant may have been selected for in early Africa.
Biochemical patterns of antibody polyreactivity revealed through a bioinformatics-based analysis of CDR loops
Authors: Boughter Christopher T , Borowska Marta T , Guthmiller Jenna J , Bendelac Albert , Wilson Patrick C , Roux Benoit , Adams Erin J
Published: November 2020

Antibodies are critical components of adaptive immunity, binding with high affinity to pathogenic epitopes. Antibodies undergo rigorous selection to achieve this high affinity, yet some maintain an additional basal level of low affinity, broad reactivity to diverse epitopes, a phenomenon termed ‘polyreactivity’. While polyreactivity has been observed in antibodies isolated from various immunological niches, the biophysical properties that allow for promiscuity in a protein selected for high-affinity binding to a single target remain unclear. Using a database of over 1000 polyreactive and non-polyreactive antibody sequences, we created a bioinformatic pipeline to isolate key determinants of polyreactivity. These determinants, which include an increase in inter-loop crosstalk and a propensity for a neutral binding surface, are sufficient to generate a classifier able to identify polyreactive antibodies with over 75% accuracy. The framework from which this classifier was built is generalizable, and represents a powerful, automated pipeline for future immune repertoire analysis.
SpikeInterface, a unified framework for spike sorting
Authors: Buccino Alessio P , Hurwitz Cole L , Garcia Samuel , Magland Jeremy , Siegle Joshua H , Hurwitz Roger , Hennig Matthias H
Published: November 2020

Much development has been directed toward improving the performance and automation of spike sorting. This continuous development, while essential, has contributed to an over-saturation of new, incompatible tools that hinders rigorous benchmarking and complicates reproducible analysis. To address these limitations, we developed SpikeInterface, a Python framework designed to unify preexisting spike sorting technologies into a single codebase and to facilitate straightforward comparison and adoption of different approaches. With a few lines of code, researchers can reproducibly run, compare, and benchmark most modern spike sorting algorithms; pre-process, post-process, and visualize extracellular datasets; validate, curate, and export sorting outputs; and more. In this paper, we provide an overview of SpikeInterface and, with applications to real and simulated datasets, demonstrate how it can be utilized to reduce the burden of manual curation and to more comprehensively benchmark automated spike sorters.
A new genus of oryzomyine rodents (Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae) with three new species from montane cloud forests, western Andean cordillera of Colombia and Ecuador
Authors: Brito Jorge , Koch Claudia , Percequillo Alexandre R. , Tinoco Nicolás , Weksler Marcelo , Pinto C. Miguel , Pardiñas Ulyses F. J.
Published: November 2020

The Andean cloud forests of western Colombia and Ecuador are home to several endemic mammals; members of the Oryzomyini, the largest Sigmodontinae tribe, are extensively represented in the region. However, our knowledge about this diversity is still incomplete, as evidenced by several new taxa that have been described in recent years. Extensive field work in two protected areas enclosing remnants of Chocó montane forest recovered a high diversity of small mammals. Among them, a medium-sized oryzomyine is here described as a new genus having at least three new species, two of them are named and diagnosed. Although externally similar to members of the generaNephelomysandTanyuromys, the new genus has a unique molar pattern within the tribe, being characterized by a noticeable degree of hypsodonty, simplification, lamination, and third molar compression. A phylogeny based on a combination of molecular markers, including nuclear and mitochondrial genes, and morphological data recovered the new genus as sister toMindomys, and sequentially toNephelomys. The new genus seems to be another example of a sigmodontine rodent unique to the Chocó biogeographic region. Its type species inhabits cloud forest between 1,600 and 2,300 m in northernmost Ecuador (Carchi Province); a second species is restricted to lower montane forest, 1,200 m, in northern Ecuador (Imbabura Province); a third putative species, here highlighted exclusively by molecular evidence from one immature specimen, is recorded in the montane forest of Reserva Otonga, northern Ecuador (Cotopaxi Province). Finally, the new genus is also recorded in southernmost Colombia (Nariño Department), probably represented there also by a new species. These species are spatially separated by deep river canyons through Andean forests, resulting in marked environmental discontinuities. Unfortunately, Colombian and Ecuadorian Pacific cloud forests are under rapid anthropic transformation. Although the populations of the type species are moderately abundant and occur in protected areas, the other two persist in threatened forest fragments.
Genetic loci determining potato starch yield and granule morphology revealed by genome-wide association study (GWAS)
Authors: Khlestkin Vadim K. , Erst Tatyana V. , Rozanova Irina V. , Efimov Vadim M. , Khlestkina Elena K.
Published: November 2020

Background

It is well-documented that (bio)chemical reaction capacity of raw potato starch depends on crystallinity, morphology and other chemical and physical properties of starch granules, and these properties are closely related to gene functions. Preparative yield, amylose/amylopectin content, and phosphorylation of potato tuber starch are starch-related traits studied at the genetic level. In this paper, we perform a genome-wide association study using a 22K SNP potato array to identify for the first time genomic regions associated with starch granule morphology and to increase number of known genome loci associated with potato starch yield.

Methods

A set of 90 potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) varieties from the ICG “GenAgro” collection (Novosibirsk, Russia) was harvested, 90 samples of raw tuber starch were obtained, and DNA samples were isolated from the skin of the tubers. Morphology of potato tuber starch granules was evaluated by optical microscopy and subsequent computer image analysis. A set of 15,214 scorable SNPs was used for the genome-wide analysis. In total, 53 SNPs were found to be significantly associated with potato starch morphology traits (aspect ratio, roundness, circularity, and the first bicomponent) and starch yield-related traits.

Results

A total of 53 novel SNPs was identified on potato chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11 and 12; these SNPs are associated with tuber starch preparative yield and granule morphology. Eight SNPs are situated close to each other on the chromosome 1 and 19 SNPs—on the chromosome 2, forming two DNA regions—potential QTLs, regulating aspect ratio and roundness of the starch granules. Thirty-seven of 53 SNPs are located in protein-coding regions. There are indications that granule shape may depend on starch phosphorylation processes. TheGWDgene, which is known to regulate starch phosphorylation—dephosphorylation, participates in the regulation of a number of morphological traits, rather than one specific trait. Some significant SNPs are associated with membrane and plastid proteins, as well as DNA transcription and binding regulators. Other SNPs are related to low-molecular-weight metabolite synthesis, and may be associated with flavonoid biosynthesis and circadian rhythm-related metabolic processes. The preparative yield of tuber starch is a polygenic trait that is associated with a number of SNPs from various regions and chromosomes in the potato genome.
A PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS AND MANAGEMENT OF LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS IN PAEDIATRICS
Authors: Kumar P Yogi Eshwar , Kumar C Pradeep , Prasanna K Siva , S Sudhakar
Published: November 2020

The main aim of the study to assess the risk factors and management of lower respiratory tract infections in the department of pediatrics and PICU, RIMS Hospital, Kadapa. Method: A prospective observational study was conducted for a period of six months from July 2018 – December 2018. Data was analyzed for patient’s demographics, risk factors, clinical complications and management. Results: A total of 120 patient’s data was collected in duration of 6 months, out of which 85 were male and 35 were female. The maximum number of patients (89) were within the age group 1month-1year (Infants).105 patients were of pneumonia followed by Bronchiolitis 15. The most commonly seen risk factors were anemia followed by Low birth weight and pollution from biomass fuels etc. No clinical complications and mortality were reported. Most commonly prescribed drugs were Ceftriaxone, Amikacin and syrup Ambroxol and supportive therapy was given. Conclusion: Major risk factors found were Anemia, low birth weight, pollution from biomass fuels, overcrowding, lack of breast feeding, under nutrition. To conclude, our study clearly highlighted various risk factors, incidence of various Lower respiratory tract infections, complications and mortality if any and management of various Lower respiratory tract infections.
A CASE STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF LEKHAN BASTI WITH UDVARTANA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF STHAULYA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO OBESITY
Authors: Sneha S Kamre , S G Solanke , S V Chawre , P R Kabra
Published: November 2020

To study the effect of Lekhan Basti with Udavartana in the Management of Sthaulya. The study was conducted to evaluate cost effective and convenient treatment for Sthaulya in Ayurved. Obesity means accumulation of excess body fat in the body. Obesity increases various disease and complications particularly Cardio-vascular diseases, Type 2 Diabetes, Obstructive sleep apnea, Cancer, Osteoarthritis and Depression. As per Modern medicine, the management of Obesity include lifestyle changes, medications, or surgery advised but medications advised have so many side effects like heart valve problem, blood vessel problem. Also, surgery is not a cost-effective therapy. So that, to find out cost effective management in Obesity through Ayurveda following study was carried out. Charak has mentioned Sthaulya (~Obesity) as Santarpan-janya Vikar, accumulation of excessive Meda and Mansa Dhatu. Management in Ayurveda for Sthaulya consists of Langhana, Shodhan and Shaman Chikitsa. Sushruta has described Lekhan Basti in Sthaulya. In all classical texts, Udavartana is mentioned as part of Dincharya and for Sthaulya. Udvartana procedure remove the foetid odours, alleviates aggravated Kapha and Meda. A case study of 38 years old female patient with Sharirbhar Vriddhi for 10 years, Katishula and Ubhaya Janusandhi Shula since 2 years was treated with Lekhan Basti and Udvartana. Encouraging results were obtained which are presented in full paper. A case recorded and treated in our institute. Significant reduction in weight from 103kg to 93kg and BMI from 45.41 to 39.5 was seen in patient in one month without exercise.
Systematic Comparative Study of Selected Antibiotics and Sulphur/ Medicinal Plant Mediated Nano-particles against Non-Leguminous Endophytic Bacteria and Clinical Isolates
Authors: Osuntokun Oludare Temitope , Bankole Owolabi Mutolib , Abike Thonda Oluwakemi , Joy Omoyungbo Emmanuel , Adenike Ajadi Fatima
Published: November 2020

The rapid emergence of resistant bacteria is occurring worldwide, endangering the efficacy of antibiotics, therefore, there is a need for a systematic approach to the menace of resistant bacteria. Green synthesized nanoparticle (NPs) of medicinal plant based as become an alternative way out to total eradication of resistant microorganisms, Therefore, the search for new, effective bactericidal agents is imminent significantly, for combating drug resistance microorganism. This research work aims to isolate, identify and characterize endophytic bacteria from five non-leguminous plants, namely Carica papaya, Helianthus annuus, Talinum fruticosum, Phoenix dactylifera, and Solanum lycopersicum. The surface of the plants were sterilized, Isolation, characterization and identification using biochemical characterization of the endophytic bacteria were examined according to Bergey’s manual of Systemic Bacteriology. The sulfur/medicinal plant mediated Nanoparticle with and without Ocimum gratissimum were tested against the endophytic bacteria and selected clinical isolates, for their antimicrobial susceptibility test as described Kirby-Bauer Disc diffusion method. SNP1 was prepared from sodium thiosulfate penthahydrate, citric acid, with fresh leaves of O. gratissimum and characterized by using Shimadzu UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer UV-3100 with a MPCF-3100 sample compartment while SNP2 was prepared using the same method but without O. gratissimum. The endophyte showed resistant to cephalosporin antibiotics family and SNP2, while all the endophytic bacteria were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (100%), pefloxacin (100%). Streptococcus infectinalis and Cellumonas flavigena showed high susceptibility to sulfur/ plant nanoparticle mediated with Ocimum gratissimum extract (SNP1). The study showed that sulfur/medicinal plant mediated nanoparticle can be a promising antimicrobial agent against a wide range of pathogenic and multiple drug resistance bacteria including both clinical isolates, its uses and practice should be encouraged especially against multiple drug resistance bacteria.
Antiplatelets, Anticoagulants and Its Implications in Dentistry-A Review of Literature
Authors: Ganapathi Amanthi , Vijayakumar Jagadish
Published: November 2020

Oral health care providers must be aware of the impact of bleeding disorders on their  patients during any dental procedure and management of such mishaps. Adequate knowledge of the mechanisms underlying hemostasis, and the optimised management of such patients, are therefore very important for these issues. Initial recognition of a bleeding disorder, in such patients with a systemic pathologic process, may occur in dental practice. The dental treatment of these patients might get complicated during the course of the treatment due to the use of anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet drugs raises a challenge in the daily practice of dental professionals. Adequate hemostasis is critical for the success of any invasive dental procedure, because bleeding problems can give rise to complications associated with important morbidity-mortality. Besides, prophylactic, restorative and surgical dental care of patients with any bleeding disorders is handled skilfully by practitioners who are well educated regarding the pathology, complications which could arise and treatment options associated with these conditions. The purpose of this paper is to review common bleeding disorders and their effects on the dental aspect. Many authors consider that patient medication indicated for the treatment of background disease should not be altered or suspended unless so indicated by the prescribing physician. Local hemostatic measures have been shown to suffice for controlling possible bleeding problems resulting from dental treatment.
A Case Report of COVID-19 in Yemen: Detailed Clinical Observations
Authors: Alakhali Khaled M. , Alshahrani Sultan M. , Worafi Yaser Mohammed Al- , Irawati Lyna
Published: November 2020

Coronavirus (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. We reported a 59-year-old Yemeni physician who was treated at home with complaints of COVID-19 symptoms. After receiving the treatment according to the COVID-19 guidelines established in Yemen, the patient made a slow recovery from 8 May 2020 to 28 May 2020. In conclusion, COVID-19 has a complicated clinical course and poor prognosis. Nevertheless, early aggressive treatment with an appropriate protocol could improve patient outcomes. However, in COVID-19, the thyroid gland plays a role in the immune system and medical professionals should consider assessing the thyroid gland in COVID-19 cases.
Awareness of Emergency Drugs and Their Usage among Dental Professionals
Authors: Thota Ramvihari , Periasamy Senthilnathan , Mahathi N.
Published: November 2020

Effective management of an emergency in the dental office is ultimately the dentist’s responsibility. The lack of training and inability to cope with medical emergencies can lead to tragic consequences and sometimes legal action. Around 126 responses were collected from different dental professionals including graduates and clinicians through questionnaire surveys regarding emergency medications and their usage. The extent of treatment by the dentist requires preparation, prevention, and then management, as necessary. Prevention is accomplished by conducting a thorough medical history with appropriate alterations to dental treatment as required. The most important aspect of nearly all medical emergencies in the dental office is to prevent, or correct, insufficient oxygenation of the brain and heart. For which the dental professionals should be with a thorough understanding of the medical emergencies. Life-threatening emergencies can occur anytime, anywhere, and to anyone. Such situations are somewhat more likely to occur within the confines of the dental office due to the increased level of stress which is so often present. Awareness of emergency drug use among dental professionals needs to be improved and updated.
Anti Psychotic Evaluation and GC-MS Analysis of Cassia occidentalis Leaves
Authors: Suchitra D. , Kilimozhi D. , Vishwanath B. A. , Natarajan Venkatesan
Published: November 2020

Aim: To evaluate the effect of an active fraction from Cassia occidentalis leaves on Wistar rats against psychosis were investigated.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Aditya Bangalore Institute of Pharmacy Education and Research, Bangalore, India between June -2019 to July – 2020.

Methods: For the assessment of neuroleptic activity of the Cassia occidentalis leaves with different antipsychotic animal models, Chloroform and ethanol extract (200 mg.kg-1) were used for the study with different animal models. The extract showing higher anti psychotic activity was subjected to column chromatography and led to the isolation of an active fraction and examined in GC-MS analysis.

Results: A significant decrease of amphetamine-caused stereotype and conditioned avoidance reaction turned into found with extract treated animals as in comparison to control. Phencyclidine induced weird sample of locomotor activity and social withdrawal test in test extracts does no longer proven any significant activity as in comparison to control. Minor symptoms of catalepsy have been seen extract-treated group and decreased dopamine level in the frontal cortex and corpus striatum in comparison to the control group. GC-MS evaluation was identified two active principles present in the eluted fraction.

Conclusion: The study revealed that the ethanol extract of Cassia occidentalis may possess the property to alleviate the positive symptoms of psychosis.
Kinetic Behaviour of Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition by Ultrasonicated A. malaccensis and A. subintegra Leaves of Different Particle Sizes
Authors: Muhd Rodhi Miradatul Najwa , Hamzah Fazlena , Ku Hamid Ku Halim
Published: November 2020

Gallic acid and quercetin equivalent were determined in the crude extract of matured leaves Aquilaria malaccensis and Aquilaria subintegra. The leaves of both Aquilaria species were dried at 60 °C for 24 hours, ground and sieved into particle size of 250, 300, 400, 500, and 1000 µm. Then, each particle size of leaves was soaked in distilled water with a ratio of 1:100 (w/v) for 24 hours and undergoes the pre-treatment method by using ultrasonicator (37 kHz), at the temperature of 60 °C for 30 minutes. The crude extracts were obtained after about 4 hours of hydrodistillation process. The highest concentration of gallic acid and quercetin equivalent was determined in the crude extract from the particle size of 250 µm. The kinetics of pancreatic lipase inhibition was further studied based using the Lineweaver-Burk plot, wherein the concentration of p-NPP as the substrate and pancreatic lipase were varied. Based on the formation of the lines in the plot, the crude leaves extract of both Aquilaria species exhibit the mixed-inhibition on pancreatic lipase, which indicates that in the reaction, the inhibitors were not only attached to the free pancreatic lipase, but also to the pancreatic lipase-(p-NPP) complex. The reaction mechanism was similar to non-competitive inhibition; however the value of dissociation constant, Ki, for both inhibition pathways was different. The inhibition shows an increment in Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) and a reduction in the maximum pancreatic lipase activity (Vm) compared to the reaction without Aquilaria spp. crude extracts (control). This proved that the inhibition occurred in this reaction. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Conformational changes in the nucleotide‐binding domains of P‐glycoprotein induced by ATP hydrolysis
Authors: Dehghani‐Ghahnaviyeh Sepehr , Kapoor Karan , Tajkhorshid Emad
Published: November 2020

P‐glycoprotein (Pgp) is a member of the ABC transporter superfamily with high physiological importance. Pgp nucleotide‐binding domains (NBDs) drive the transport cycle through ATP binding and hydrolysis. We use molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the ATP hydrolysis‐induced conformational changes in NBDs. Five systems, including all possible ATP/ADP combinations in the NBDs and the APO system, are simulated. ATP/ADP exchange induces conformational changes mostly within the conserved signature motif of the NBDs, resulting in relative orientational changes in the NBDs. Nucleotide removal leads to additional orientational changes in the NBDs, allowing their dissociation. Furthermore, we capture putative hydrolysis‐competent configurations in which the conserved glutamate in the Walker‐B motif acts as a catalytic base capturing a water molecule likely initiating ATP hydrolysis.
Mitochondrial disorders of the OXPHOS system
Authors: Fernandez‐Vizarra Erika , Zeviani Massimo
Published: November 2020

Mitochondrial disorders are among the most frequent inborn errors of metabolism, their primary cause being the dysfunction of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS). OXPHOS is composed of the electron transport chain (ETC), formed by four multimeric enzymes and two mobile electron carriers, plus an ATP synthase [also called complex V (cV)]. The ETC performs the redox reactions involved in cellular respiration while generating the proton motive force used by cV to synthesize ATP. OXPHOS biogenesis involves multiple steps, starting from the expression of genes encoded in physically separated genomes, namely the mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, to the coordinated assembly of components and cofactors building each individual complex and eventually the supercomplexes. The genetic cause underlying around half of the diagnosed mitochondrial disease cases is currently known. Many of these cases result from pathogenic variants in genes encoding structural subunits or additional factors directly involved in the assembly of the ETC complexes. Here, we review the historical and most recent findings concerning the clinical phenotypes and the molecular pathological mechanisms underlying this particular group of disorders.