bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on track planning problem of multi-constrained and double-targeted
Authors: Nie Yi , Xie Xiangjun , Ding Xianfeng , Zhang Qianyu , Zhou Jingyu
Published: July 2020

Aiming at the positioning error of the aircraft, the error accumulation to a certain extent may lead to the failure of the mission. A track correction method based on oriented graph search was proposed, and the dynamic programming idea was applied to solve the path optimization problem. Firstly, the correction points in the flight space were preprocessed, and the planning of the correction points in the flight space was transformed into a graph theory problem. It effectively solves the problem that traditional methods did not adapt well to dynamic changes in flight space. And the problem of too high complexity in the calculation space. Using the dynamic programming idea to carry out the flight path planning for the flight space, the path-correction number optimal double-objective model is comprehensively established. Finally, the oriented graph and dynamic programming ideas were used to solve the problem, and the visual analysis of the aircraft track was realized. The simulation results show that the established path-corrected optimal double-objective model can calculate an optimal track with relatively small correction times and short length.
Comparison of [18F]FDG PET/CT with magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of human brown adipose tissue activity
Authors: Fischer Jonas Gabriel William , Maushart Claudia Irene , Becker Anton S. , Müller Julian , Madoerin Philipp , Chirindel Alin , Wild Damian , ter Voert Edwin E. G. W. , Bieri Oliver , Burger Irene , Betz Matthias Johannes
Published: July 2020

Background

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic tissue which can generate heat in response to mild cold exposure. As it constitutes a promising target in the fight against obesity, we need reliable techniques to quantify its activity in response to therapeutic interventions. The current standard for the quantification of BAT activity is [18F]FDG PET/CT. Various sequences in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including those measuring its relative fat content (fat fraction), have been proposed and evaluated in small proof-of-principle studies, showing diverging results. Here, we systematically compare the predictive value of adipose tissue fat fraction measured by MRI to the results of [18F]FDG PET/CT.

Methods

We analyzed the diagnostic reliability of MRI measured fat fraction (FF) for the estimation of human BAT activity in two cohorts of healthy volunteers participating in two prospective clinical trials (NCT03189511, NCT03269747). In both cohorts, BAT activity was stimulated by mild cold exposure. In cohort 1, we performed [18F]FDG PET/MRI; in cohort 2, we used [18F]FDG PET/CT followed by MRI. Fat fraction was determined by 2-point Dixon and 6-point Dixon measurement, respectively. Fat fraction values were compared to SUVmeanin the corresponding tissue depot by simple linear regression.

Results

In total, 33 male participants with a mean age of 23.9 years and a mean BMI of 22.8 kg/m2were recruited. In 32 participants, active BAT was visible. On an intra-individual level, FF was significantly lower in high-SUV areas compared to low-SUV areas (cohort 1:p < 0.0001 and cohort 2:p = 0.0002). The FF of the supraclavicular adipose tissue depot was inversely related to its metabolic activity (SUVmean) in both cohorts (cohort 1:R2 = 0.18,p = 0.09 and cohort 2:R2 = 0.42,p = 0.009).

Conclusion

MRI FF explains only about 40% of the variation in BAT glucose uptake. Thus, it can currently not be used to substitute [18F] FDG PET-based imaging for quantification of BAT activity.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov.NCT03189511, registered on June 17, 2017, actual study start date was on May 31, 2017, retrospectively registered.NCT03269747, registered on September 01, 2017.
Automated synthesis, preclinical toxicity, and radiation dosimetry of [18F]MC225 for clinical use: a tracer for measuring P-glycoprotein function at the blood-brain barrier
Authors: Toyohara Jun , Sakata Muneyuki , Tago Tetsuro , Colabufo Nicola A. , Luurtsema Gert
Published: July 2020

Introduction

[18F]MC225 is a selective substrate for P-glycoprotein (P-gp) that has good metabolic stability and shows higher baseline uptake compared with other P-gp substrates such as (R)-[11C]Verapamil. Prior to clinical translation, it is necessary to perform process validation of the radiosynthesis, assessment of preclinical toxicity, and radiation dosimetry.

Methods

The production of [18F]MC225 was automated on a CFN-MPS200 multipurpose synthesizer. The acute toxicity of MC225 was evaluated at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg bodyweight, which is more than 10,000-fold the postulated maximum clinical dose of [18F]MC225. The acute toxicity of [18F]MC225 injection at a 200-fold dose, to administer a postulated dose of 185 MBq of [18F]MC225, was also evaluated after the decay-out of 18F. The mutagenicity of MC225 was studied by a reverse mutation test using Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli (Ames test). In vivo biodistribution and dosimetry studies of [18F]MC225 were carried out in normal mice. Human dosimetry was estimated using OLINDA software.

Results

The mean decay-corrected yields of [18F]MC225 at end of synthesis were 13%, with > 99% radiochemical purity, > 1000 GBq/μmol molar activity, and ≤ 1.5 μg/185 MBq of total chemical contents. All process validation batches complied with the product specifications and the process was confirmed to be appropriate for the production of [18F]MC225. No acute toxicity of MC225 or [18F]MC225 injection was found. No mutagenic activity was observed for MC225. The biodistribution study demonstrated both hepatobiliary and renal excretion of radioactivity. The most critical organ was the pancreas, with (63.8 μGy/MBq) or without urination (63.9 μGy/MBq) at 360 min after injection. The estimated effective dose (μSv/MBq) with and without urination at 360 min after injection was calculated as 15.7 and 16.9, respectively.

Conclusion

[18F]MC225 shows acceptable pharmacological safety at the dose required for adequate PET imaging. The potential risk associated with [18F]MC225 PET imaging is well within acceptable dose limits.
Effects of beta-conglycinin intake on circulating FGF21 levels and brown adipose tissue activity in Japanese young men: a single intake study and a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Taniguchi Hirokazu , Shimizu Keigo , Wada Sayori , Nirengi Shinsuke , Kataoka Haruki , Higashi Akane
Published: July 2020

Background

Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity has beneficial effects on body composition and glucose metabolism. A previous study reported that beta-conglycinin intake induced postprandial fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) secretion, thereby promoting adipose tissue thermogenesis in mice. Since it has not been evaluated whether beta-conglycinin intake is associated with induced FGF21 secretion and BAT thermogenesis in humans, the current study examined the effects of beta-conglycinin intake on circulating FGF21 level and BAT activity.

Methods

Twenty-two healthy young male subjects participated. This study consisted of 2 interventional studies. In one of them, the effects of single beta-conglycinin intake at thermoneutral temperature on circulating FGF21 levels were examined (n = 7). The other study was a single-blinded randomized crossover trial of 2 weeks (n = 14). The subjects were exposed to mild cold conditions using a climatic chamber, and BAT activity was analyzed using thermography. Serum FGF21 level was determined by ELISA in these studies.

Results

In the single intake study, serum FGF21 level was the highest before beta-conglycinin intake and gradually and significantly decreased throughout the 2-h experimental period (P < 0.05). The randomized crossover trial showed that 2-week beta-conglycinin intake did not affect serum FGF21 level and BAT activity, whereas changes (Δ) in baseline levels of serum FGF21 were positively correlated with Δ BAT activity (P < 0.05). In addition, analysis of each group revealed that there was significant correlation between the Δ serum FGF21 level and Δ BAT activity in the beta-conglycinin group (P < 0.05), but not in the placebo group.

Conclusions

This study reveals that although serum FGF21 levels are not increased by a single or short-term intake of beta-conglycinin, the Δ basal FGF21 level is associated with Δ BAT activity. These results suggest that human FGF21 responsiveness is different from that of rodents and support the importance of FGF21 in human BAT thermogenesis.

Trial registration

This study is registered with University Hospital Medical Information Network in Japan (number 000038723, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000043942).
Mental health issues impacting pharmacists during COVID-19
Authors: Elbeddini Ali , Wen Cindy Xin , Tayefehchamani Yasamin , To Anthony
Published: July 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) impact on the mental health of healthcare workers is extremely detrimental. It is imperative that the psychological health of all healthcare workers be protected. However, an often overlooked member of the healthcare frontline is the pharmacist. Pharmacists provide many types of essential services during the pandemic, which often cannot be done from a remote location. Being frontline healthcare workers, pharmacists have experienced an increase in the number of patients seen, the amount of screening and triage being done, the amount of COVID-19 information being delivered, the number of medication shortages, and the amount of workplace harassment taking place. These activities increase the amount of stress, burden, and frustration felt by pharmacists have a negative impact on their mental health and well-being. This article seeks to address the specific implications of COVID-19 on the mental health of pharmacists.
Antimicrobials administration time in patients with suspected sepsis: faster is better for severe patients
Authors: Jouffroy Romain , Vivien Benoît
Published: July 2020

In a recent report, Ascuntar et al. describes the impossibility to demonstrate a significant association between early antibiotic therapy administration and mortality in sepsis patients. Nevertheless, we believe that some methodological issues deserve their conclusions. First, the objective of the authors of an early antibiotic therapy may be ambitious considering practical daily emergency department limitation. Second, most of patients included in the study appear to suffer from sepsis and not from septic shock, which limits the impact of an early and aggressive management. At last, more than a single intervention such as antibiotic therapy, sepsis treatment is now considered as based on a “bundle of care.”
Kinetics and statistical analysis of the bio-stimulating effects of goat litter in crude oil biodegradation process
Authors: Ani Kingsley Amechi , Chukwuma Emmanuel Chibundo
Published: July 2020

Background

The kinetics and statistical analysis of crude oil (CO) degradation in CO-contaminated soil (COCS) using goat litter (GL) were investigated. The data obtained from the CO degradation process was fitted to the first- and second-order kinetic models. The effects of process parameters such as temperature and the initial CO concentrations on the CO degradation process were also investigated. The one-way ANOVA and Turkey’s post-hoc analysis were also used to study the statistical significance of the process parameters on the CO degradation process.

Results

The microbial count showed that the GL contained a total viable count (TVC), coliform, and mold counts of 2.6 × 107 CFUg−1, 2.6 × 107 CFUg−1, and 6.9 × 103 CFUg-1, respectively. The error and linear regression analysis between experimental and model-predicted values revealed that the first-order kinetic model gave a better explanation of the CO degradation process. The rejection of the null hypothesis was evident from one-way ANOVA and Turkey’s post-hoc analysis as the P values at a temperature of 30 °C and initial CO concentrations of 70 gL−1 and 90 gL−1 were less than the significant level of 0.05. Notable organic nutrients in the GL which were beneficial in the COCS treatment process as indicated by the Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) analysis were phosphorous and nitrogen.

Conclusions

It may be concluded that GL could be used as an effective organic treatment for COCS at CO initial concentrations of 70 and 90 gL-1 and a temperature of 30 °C.
Viral subversion of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay
Authors: Popp Maximilian Wei-Lin , Cho Hana , Maquat Lynne E.
Published: July 2020

Viruses have evolved in tandem with the organisms that they infect. Afflictions of the plant and animal kingdoms with viral infections have forced the host organism to evolve new or exploit existing systems to develop the countermeasures needed to offset viral insults. As one example, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, a cellular quality-control mechanism ensuring the translational fidelity of mRNA transcripts, has been used to restrict virus replication in both plants and animals. In response, viruses have developed a slew of means to disrupt or become insensitive to NMD, providing researchers with potential new reagents that can be used to more fully understand the NMD mechanism.
Title: Life after COVID-19: Understanding the environment for humanity's survival and sustenance
Authors: Ladas Ioannis
Published: July 2020

The severe restrictive measures imposed in dealing with Covid-19 have altered, among others, our environmental footprint. First reports are especially encouraging, showing reductions in CO2 emissions and improved air quality. In the present essay I shall investigate whether there is a “positive side” to a pandemic that leaves thousands of dead and causes world-wide economic crisis. I shall maintain – with great reservation- that the outcome might have been in the affirmative, while noting that blind approval of the environmental amelioration, due to the imposed restrictions, entails great risk, since it may be born of a dark eco-fascist ideology, promoting peremptory, fascist ideas towards improving the environment. Alongside I shall emphasize that a new Policy is necessary, i.e. a new Ethics, within the framework of rationalizing our relationship with the natural world. Besides, the rate of environmental deterioration does not allow retrospective re-contemplation of everything occurring in our socio-political reality. Consequently, I shall conclude it is required that world economies prosper again while the environment is protected, and that data collected during the quarantine period must serve as orientators for governments in the implementation of their recovery plans.
Μελέτη και δημιουργία Σεισμογράφου για Εκπαιδευτική Χρήση
Authors: Ανδριώτης Κωνσταντίνος , Γραικός Δημήτρης , Κοτόρρι Ντανιέλ , Αγαπητού Κωνσταντίνα , Ιωάννου Μαρία , Χρήστου Δημήτρης , Αζιλαζιάν Παύλος
Published: July 2020

Τα σεισμικά φαινόμενα αποτελούν ένα συχνό γεγονός το οποίο έχει έναν ιδιαίτερο αντίκτυπο στην ζωή μας. Η ερευνητική μας εργασία έχει ως στόχο την πλήρη κατανόηση της επιστήμης της σεισμολογίας μέσω της κατασκευής ενός αυτοσχέδιου σεισμογράφου, για την μέτρηση σεισμών ο οποίος θα μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί εύκολα στο πλαίσιο του εργαστηρίου αλλά και της ενημέρωσης των πολιτών.
Φτιάξε τον δικό σου σεισμογράφο
Authors: Αδάμ Κ. , Αργυρίου Σ. , Βαλαλάς Κ. , Δαρατσιανάκη Χ. , Δημόπουλος Δ. , Δρίκος Δ. , Ζιγγιρίου Ι. , Ζορμπά Α. , Ζούρι Α. , Κατσακιώρης Α. , Κουρκουτάς Π. , Κριεκούκης Ε. , Κυριάκος Λ. , Λασπίτης Ε. , Λουκάς Σ. , Μαρνέρης Ι. , Μπαρσάκης Α. , Μπέκας Α. , Μπουσάι Ε. , Παγώνη Κ. , Πάλλη Λ. , Παπαδάκη Μ. , Παπανικολάου Α. , Παπανικολάου Γ. , Παπανικολάου Ι. , Παπανικολάου Π. , Πλασκασοβίτης Ε. , Σερεμέτης Α. , Στέρπης Α. , Τσάμου Κ. , Τσέλα Ε. , Τσουρρί Α. , Πανταζή Ι. , Αβράμη Κ.
Published: July 2020

Η Ελλάδα, το σταυροδρόμι τριών ηπείρων, η χώρα του ήλιου και της θάλασσας αποτελεί πέρα από αυτά και τη χώρα με πλούσιο παρελθόν, ενεργό παρόν και άγνωστο μέλλον ως προς το θέμα των σεισμών. Καθημερινά σεισμικές δονήσεις κάνουν την εμφάνισή τους σε διάφορες περιοχές της χώρας. Άλλοτε είναι αδύναμες, οπότε η καθημερινότητα δεν επηρεάζεται και άλλοτε είναι ισχυρές, σε σημείο που έχουμε θρηνήσει ζωές πολλών ανθρώπων. Αφουγκραζόμενοι αυτήν την κατάσταση τα παιδιά της ΣΤ’ τάξης αποφάσισαν να ασχοληθούν βαθύτερα με το θέμα το σεισμού ως προς την πρόκλησή του, τις συνέπειές του, τη μέτρησή του, καθώς και τα μέτρα πρόληψης σε περίπτωση σεισμικής δραστηριότητας.
Maths and Roses
Authors: Ζαράπας Ιωάννης , Παπαζήση Μαρία , Πελεκάνου Άννα , Πέτρου Ναυσικά , Πρεντάκης Στυλιανός , Σπηλίδη Ουρανία , Τσινιδέλου Αικατερίνη , Χατζηνικολάου Θεοδώρα , Τριπολιτάκη Μαρίνα , Φασόη Αικατερίνη
Published: July 2020

Το θέμα της εργασίας μας βασίζεται στη συσχέτιση των μαθηματικών εννοιών με τη λογοτεχνία. Το βασικό ερευνητικό ερώτημα αφορά το πώς έννοιες των μαθηματικών είναι δυνατόν να χρησιμοποιηθούν για την παραγωγή λογοτεχνικών κειμένων. Η εργασία αυτή εκπονήθηκε στο πλαίσιο διαθεματικής προσέγγισης των Ομίλων Μαθηματικών και Δημιουργικής Γραφής, ενώ ακολουθήθηκε η εξής διαδικασία: προηγήθηκαν η παρουσίαση μαθηματικών εννοιών, η άσκηση στη συγγραφή λογοτεχνικών κειμένων μικρής φόρμας και ακολούθησε η συγγραφή κειμένων (διήγημα, ποίημα). Επίσης κληθήκαμε να μεταπλάσουμε ποιήματα Ελλήνων ποιητών χρησιμοποιώντας όρους μαθηματικών και να γράψουμε αφηγήσεις μυθιστορηματικής βιογραφίας διάσημων μαθηματικών. Μέσω της διαδικασίας αυτής επιχειρήσαμε να δείξουμε πώς η μαθηματική σκέψη μπορεί να αποτελέσει στοιχείο έμπνευσης, αλλά και βασικό περιεχόμενο των διηγημάτων και των ποιημάτων που γράψαμε.
Ακολουθώντας τον ήλιο
Authors: Ιωάννίδη Αρχοντία , Καραγιώργου Χρυσσάνθη , Καραμάνη Δανάη , Καραντζά Αλεξάνδρα , Παπαγεωργίου Δημήτριος , Παπαζαχαρής Ιωάννης , Παπαχρήστος Θεόδωρος , Πορφύρης-Πανάτση Δημήτριος , Σίντος Ευθύμιος , Σουρέλης Ιάσων , Τζιάκης Γεώργιος , Βλάχα Βασιλική , Ιατρίδου Μαρία
Published: July 2020

Η παρούσα εργασία έχει στόχο να συμβάλει ώστε να γίνουν αντιληπτές Αστρονομικές έννοιες που έχουν σχέση με τον προσανατολισμό μας πάνω στη σφαίρα με βάση τον ήλιο. Πιο συγκεκριμένα με τη χρήση του ελεύθερου λογισμικού geogebra, μοντελοποιούμε το πρόβλημα του προσανατολισμού και διερευνούμε πως μεταβάλλεται η γωνία που σχηματίζουν οι ακτίνες του ήλιου με το οριζόντιο επίπεδο ενός τόπου, όταν αυτός μεσουρανεί στον τόπο αυτό, (γωνία ύψους) και την μετράμε με μια ράβδο και τη σκιά της. Επίσης διερευνούμε ποιος είναι ο κατάλληλος τύπος που δίνει το γεωγραφικό πλάτος ενός τόπου, συναρτήσει αυτής της γωνίας και υπολογίζουμε το γεωγραφικό μήκος με βάση την ώρα που ο ήλιος μεσουρανεί.
Ας δούμε τον κόσμο μας ανάποδα…
Authors: Χατζηευθυμίου Μιχαήλ Άγγελος , Σκουρτόπουλος Αθανάσιος , Γεωργολιός Νικόλαος
Published: July 2020

Η ιστορία της χαρτογραφίας ξεκινάει πολύ παλιά από την παλαιολιθική εποχή, όπου γίνονται οι πρώτες αναπαραστάσεις χώρου. Με το πέρασμα των αιώνων οι ανάγκες των ανθρώπων διαμορφώνουν τους χάρτες, τους βελτιώνουν μέχρι να αποκτήσουν τη σημερινή μορφή. Πέρα από τους γενικούς χάρτες αναπτύσσονται οι θεματικοί χάρτες με ειδική θεματογραφία (πχ. κλιματικοί, μετεωρολογικοί κλπ.).Στις αρχές του 20ου αιώνα εμφανίζεται ένα ειδικό είδος χαρτών οι αντεστραμμένοι χάρτες ή αντίστροφοι χάρτες (reverse maps). Στους χάρτες αυτούς απεικονίζεται το Νότιο Ημισφαίριο στο επάνω μέρος του παγκόσμιου χάρτη και το Βόρειο Ημισφαίριο στο κάτω μέρος. Οι χάρτες αυτοί δημιουργούνται από κατοίκους χωρών του Νοτίου Ημισφαιρίου στην προσπάθειά τους να αναδείξουν τη σημασία αυτών των περιοχών, οι οποίες φαντάζαν υποδεέστερες με το να βρίσκονται στο κάτω μέρος των παγκόσμιων χαρτών.Ενδιαφέρον παρουσιάζει η ιδιότυπη εμφάνιση που παρουσιάζουν αλλά και η σύγκριση τους με τους καθιερωμένους χάρτες, όπως αποτυπώνεται σε μία έρευνα μεταξύ των μαθητών του
Μεθοδολογία Αξιολόγησης της Εφαρμογής Περιήγησης στο Πάρκο Απολιθωμένου Δάσους του Σιγρίου, Λέσβου
Authors: Κεχρινιώτη Μαρία Νεφέλη , Κεχρινιώτης Παναγιώτης , Νείρος Αντώνιος
Published: July 2020

Χρησιμοποιήσαμε το περιβάλλον οπτικού προγραμματισμού App Inventor ΙΙ του MIT προκειμένου να σχεδιάσουμε και να αναπτύξουμε μια εφαρμογή περιήγησης στο γεωπάρκο Σιγρίου στη Λέσβο. Η εφαρμογή μπορεί να «τρέξει» σε κινητές συσκευές ή tablet με το λειτουργικό σύστημα Android. Στόχος της εργασίας είναι η προβολή του γεωπάρκου μέσω μίας διαδραστικής εφαρμογής στην οποία οι χρήστες μπορούν εύκολα και γρήγορα να πλοηγηθούν σε αυτό, βλέποντας πληροφορίες για κάθε έκθεμα του δάσους (κορμοί απολιθωμένων δένδρων). Χρησιμοποιήσαμε εικόνες για να αναπαραστήσουμε τις 4 κύριες περιπατητικές διαδρομές του γεωπάρκου. Αξιοποιήσαμε στοιχεία (εικόνες και κειμένα σχετικά με απολιθώματα του απολιθωμένου δάσους Σιγρίου Λέσβου), από τον «Οδηγό Πάρκου Απολιθωμένου Δάσους Λέσβου» (Ζούρος, 2016). Τέλος, χρησιμοποιήθηκε ο οπτικός προγραμματισμός προκειμένου να γίνει η σχεδίαση, η ανάπτυξη και η υλοποίηση της συγκεκριμένης εφαρμογής. Το συγκεκριμένο περιβάλλον οπτικού προγραμματισμού (AppInventor II), διαθέτει μια απλή, σαφή και ισχυρή γλώσσα προγραμματισμού με πλακίδια, που επιτρέπει σύντομο κύκλο ανάπτυξης προγραμμάτων με άμεση εκτέλεση εντολών. Από τα συμπεράσματα της εργασίας φαίνεται καθαρά η επίτευξη των στόχων που θέσαμε.
Evaluation of the Order SMARTT: An Initiative to Reduce Phlebotomy and Improve Sleep-Friendly Labs on General Medicine Services
Authors: Tapaskar Natalie , Kilaru Megha , Puri Tipu S , Martin Shannon K , Edstrom Eve , Leung Edward , Ahmed Farah , Kondo Ryuhei , Norenberg Allison , Poli Elizabeth , Arora Vineet M
Published: July 2020

We assessed the effectiveness of a quality improvement
project to reduce routine labs in clinically stable patients,
while also promoting sleep-friendly lab timing. The electronic
health record was modified with an “Order Sleep” shortcut
to facilitate sleep-friendly lab draws. A “4 am Labs” column
was added to electronic patient lists to signal which patients
had early morning labs ordered. Among 7,045 patients
over 50,951 total patient-days, on average we observed
26.3% fewer routine lab draws per patient-day per week
postintervention (4.68 before vs 3.45 after; difference,
1.23; 95% CI, 0.82-1.63; P < .05). In interrupted time series
analysis, the “Order Sleep” tool was associated with a
significant increase in sleep-friendly lab orders per encounter
per week on resident medicine services (intercept, 1.03;
standard error (SE), 0.29; P < .001). The “4 am Labs” column
was associated with a significant increase in sleep-friendly
lab orders per patient encounter per week on the hospitalist
medical service (intercept, 1.17; SE, 0.50; P = .02). We
demonstrate the success of an initiative to simultaneously
reduce daily labs and improve sleep-friendly ordering.
Journal of Hospital Medicine 2020;15:XXX-XXX. © 2020
Society of Hospital Medicine
Gender Differences in Authorship of Clinical Problem-Solving Articles
Authors: Adler Elizabeth , Hobbs Andrew , Dhaliwal Gurpreet , Babik Jennifer M
Published: July 2020

Authors of clinical reasoning exercises analyze diagnostic
dilemmas and serve as role models of clinical excellence.
We investigated the percentage of women authors in the
clinical problem-solving series of three general medicine
journals from the inaugural article in each series until July
2019. Women were underrepresented among first, last,
and all authors. While the percentage of women among
first and all authors has increased, women still constituted
<40% of all authors and ≤25% of last authors, and there
have been no significant increases in women last authors in
any of the three journals. Including more women in clinical
reasoning exercises is an opportunity to amplify the voices
of women as master clinicians. Journal of Hospital Medicine
2020;15:XXX-XXX. © 2020 Society of Hospital Medicine
FACTORIAL INVARIANCE OF THE GENERIC JOB SATISFACTION SCALE IN ARGENTINA AND BRAZIL
Authors: Salessi Solana , De Andrade Alexsandro Luiz , Omar Alicia
Published: July 2020

The aim of the present study was to analyse the factorial invariance of the Mac Donald and Mac Intyre´s Generic Job Satisfaction Scale in Argentina and Brazil. An instrumental cross-sectional study on a non-probabilistic sample of workers (nArgentina = 663, nBrazil = 672) was developed. The data were analysed through a multi-group factor analysis using a progressive evaluation strategy. The results indicate that the scale is invariant configural (SBχ2/gl = 2.06, GFI = .96, CFI = .97, RMSEA = .03), metric (ΔGFI = .009, ΔCFI = .008, ΔRMSEA = .006) and scalarly (ΔGFI = .007, ΔCFI = .009, ΔRMSEA = .004); whereas, partially invariant at a strict level, after releasing the restrictions on the residual variances of three items. In turn, the comparison of latent and observed means shows that Brazilian participants are more satisfied with their jobs (MBrazil = 3.86, SDBrazil = .91, MArgentina = 3.52, SDArgentina = .90, t = 8.54, p < .000; CR = 11.062, p <.000), although it is small effects (d = .37; r = .18). The results obtained indicate that the scale is adjusted to the model of strict factorial invariance, except for three of its items that only reach strong invariance.
Fenótipo Ampliado do Autismo e Habilidades Pragmáticas em Pais e Mães de Crianças com e sem Transtorno do Espectro Autista
Authors: Endres Renata Giuliani , Sbicigo Juliana Burges , Salles Jerusa Fumagalli , Bosa Cleonice Alves
Published: July 2020

O fenótipo ampliado do autismo (FAA) tem sido definido como traços subclínicos que configuram a expressão fenotípica de uma suscetibilidade genética para o desenvolvimento do Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). A literatura é ainda controversa quanto às dificuldades nas habilidades comunicativo-pragmáticas constituírem uma especificidade do FAA. Assim, este estudo comparou o desempenho de pais e mães de crianças e adolescentes com e sem TEA (N=52) em tarefas de habilidades comunicativo-pragmáticas e indicadores de FAA. Foram aplicados o Broader Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ) e subtestes da Bateria Montreal de Avaliação da Comunicação (Bateria MAC), além da Escala de Inteligência Wechsler (WASI). Os resultados demonstraram que pais de crianças com TEA apresentaram: a) maior dificuldade em linguagem pragmática do BAPQ (U=210.50, p< .005, η2=0.11), ainda que não tenham fechado critério para FAA e b) habilidades comunicativo-pragmáticas (ex.: discurso conversacional, U=118.50, p<.01, η2=0.31; prosódia, U=214.00, p<.005, η2=0.10) inferiores às de pais de crianças sem TEA. Foi ainda verificado que o grupo comparativo (pais de crianças sem TEA) apresentou maiores escores no QI total (U=202.50, p<.005, η2=0.11) e verbal (U=207.50, p<.005, η2=0.12) em relação ao grupo clínico. Conclui-se que: a) habilidades cognitivo-pragmáticas podem ser um aspecto central e provavelmente específico do FAA em familiares de crianças e adolescentes com TEA; b) as diferenças entre os grupos quanto ao QI podem estar relacionadas mais a diferenças em variáveis socioeconômicas do que ao FAA, o que merece ser mais investigado em futuros estudos.
En torno al origen de la imagen del joven rebelde: un análisis de la sociedad estadounidense desde el cine
Authors: Pinilla Ramírez Daniel Mauricio
Published: July 2020

En la década de 1950 aparece la imagen del joven rebelde en el cine estadounidense. Este estudio se propone aportar elementos para comprender las razones de su origen y ahondar en lo que puede transmitir de la sociedad estadounidense de aquellos años. Bajo una metodología cualitativa, fueron analizadas, por un lado, una selección de películas protagonizadas por jóvenes rebeldes correspondientes a la década de 1950 y, por otro lado, una serie de artículos sobre estas realizados por críticos de cine de la época en la revista Variety y en el periódico The New York Times. A partir de una revisión histórica enfocada en los valores arraigados en la estructura social de los Estados Unidos, se eligió como categorías de análisis el individualismo y, particularmente, el protestantismo, y con base en ellas se contrastó la información primaria para rastrear continuidades o discrepancias. Mientras que algunas investigaciones rescatan el sustrato contestatario de la representación del joven rebelde en la pantalla, viendo en ellas una reivindicación juvenil, los resultados del presente estudio señalan, en cambio, un mayor influjo de los adultos, quienes imprimieron en la imagen del joven rebelde sus preocupaciones e idealizaciones respecto a sus hijos y los jóvenes en general, a la vez que la revistieron de valores tradicionales estadounidenses. El protagonismo que cobró la imagen del joven rebelde en aquella época parece responder a un contexto histórico que promovió la angustia en los adultos de aquel entonces en torno a la familia y las nuevas generaciones.
Profissão: como o telejornalista enxerga o impacto da participação da audiência por meio do vídeoamador na sua prática
Authors: Da Silva Marcelli Alves , Bueno Thaisa Cristina
Published: July 2020

Este artigo quer entender, a partir da perspectiva do telejornalista, qual o papel do público que envia vídeos para a redação na rotina do veículo. O objeto de análise foi o Jornal Nacional, da Rede Globo de Televisão. Metodologicamente foi mapeada toda a produção do telejornal no ano de 2016 e encontrados 5901 materiais informativos. Destes, 239 continham vídeos amadores. As regiões mais participativas do país, por meio do envio de vídeo amador, foram: Centro-Oeste, Sudeste, Nordeste, Norte e Sul. Esse diagnóstico levou a escolha dos entrevistados. Ao todo foram entrevistados oito telejornalistas. Concluiu-se que embora o profissional entenda a importância da participação do público — ele reconhece a produção amadora como uma fonte diferenciada— esta não chega a ser vista como parte da produção, ou seja, o amador não chega a ser entendido como um colaborador da rotina propriamente dito. Nas falas dos entrevistados é possível ver que o telejornalista utiliza da ideologia profissional para reafirmar a importância da profissão no contexto de jornalismo participativo.
Factores socioambientales de la violencia urbana y la convivencia escolar: panorama de tres instituciones educativas en Pasto (Colombia)
Authors: Perez Caicedo Catalina , Cuastumal Meneses Liliana , Obando Guerrero Lina María , Hernández Narváez Edith De Lourdes
Published: July 2020

El estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender los factores socioambientales de la violencia urbana que se encuentran inmersos en los procesos de convivencia escolar en tres instituciones educativas públicas de la ciudad de Pasto (Colombia). Se desarrolló una investigación cualitativa desde un abordaje fenomenológico; la información se recolectó mediante observación, entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales. Como resultado se obtuvo la descripción de los factores socioeconómicos, políticos, de control territorial y familiares que pueden afectar la vivencia de valores, la resolución de conflictos, el ajuste normativo y las relaciones interpersonales, elementos fundamentales de la convivencia escolar.
Contratos plan, pactos territoriales: concertar el desarrollo por contrato
Authors: De la Torre Sendoya Luis Arturo
Published: July 2020

La fijación de objetivos negociados por contratos de acción pública a través de instrumentos tales como los contratos plan, los contratos paz y ahora los pactos territoriales colombianospuede constituir una respuesta para territorializar el manejo del desarrollo regional. En estetexto, resultado de una investigación doctoral (2018), se presentan los aportes o innovaciones de esta nueva figura de la acción pública y los obstáculos que las experiencias hoy conocidas a nivel internacional nos revelan.
Evaluating the impact of nurse practitioner involvement in a pleural procedures clinic
Authors: Peter Eleanor
Published: July 2020

Background:

Pleural disease incidence is increasing and there has been a move towards outpatient management. Pleural clinics have been developed for patients to be assessed and have pleural procedures for diagnostic and symptomatic purposes.

Aim:

The study aimed to assess the impact of nurse practitioner (NP) involvement in a pleural procedures clinic on clinic capacity, and staff and patient experience.

Methods:

A mixed-methods service evaluation was completed in a medium-sized general hospital. The number of patients seen in clinic over a 6-month period at the beginning of NP involvement was compared with the number of patients seen 1 year later. Semi-structured interviews of key staff stakeholders were conducted.

Findings:

Clinic capacity increased from 4.57 to 5.86 patients per list. NP involvement increased access, improved patient care, reduced work burden for other staff and improved educational opportunities.

Conclusion:

The impact of NP involvement in the pleural clinic was seen as positive and increased clinic capacity. The same model of practice could be considered elsewhere.
Patient safety in the NHS: latest reports update
Authors: Tingle John
Published: July 2020

John Tingle, Lecturer in Law, Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham, discusses some recent major reports which address NHS patient safety issues
The return-to-work conundrum
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: July 2020

Sam Foster, Chief Nurse, Oxford University Hospitals, describes the problems faced by trusts as they attempt to limit the risks faced by employees returning to the workplace as the coronavirus lockdown eases
An international survey of pediatric and neonatal clinicians' vascular access practice: PediSIG assessment of vascular access, education, and support (PAVES) catheter selection
Authors: Davis Mary Beth Hovda , Takashima Mari , Girgenti Constance , Ullman Amanda J.
Published: July 2020

Highlights

There is a wide variance in neonatal and pediatric vascular access workforce models, training, and competency assessments. Pain control during procedures is critical for children, yet it is not consistently used. Procedural support has shown improved patient outcomes, yet is not standardly used for every distressful procedure. Core standards are needed to ensure proper training and support for the pediatric and neonatal vascular access clinicians.

Background:

Despite evidence to support best practice in neonatal and pediatric venipuncture delivery and procedural support, there are inconsistencies in practice. To inform future research, education, and workforce innovation, the Association for Vascular Access Pediatric Special Interest Group (PediSIG) developed and undertook a survey to describe the current vascular access practice for clinicians caring for neonatal and pediatric patients.

Objective:

Describe the current state of workforce models, training, and clinical practices surrounding pediatric and neonatal vascular access.

Design:

Cross-sectional, electronic survey using convenience sampling.

Settings:

International clinicians who provide vascular access (peripheral intravenous catheter insertion, venipuncture for blood sampling) for neonatal and pediatric patients.

Methods:

An electronic survey was developed by the PediSIG. The survey covered workforce models, clinician training and competency, pain relief, procedural support, and device securement. The electronic survey was then distributed to the PediSIG membership and shared among several neonatal/pediatric email lists. Data were analyzed descriptively, with an exploration of association between clinical outcomes, workforce, and training.

Results

There were 242 responses from 5 countries showing a wide variance of practice. Workforce models showed many different team names and responsibilities along with a variance of personnel and staffing hours. Clinician training was described as 4 hours or less by 44% (n = 69) of respondents. Less than half of the responses (47%; n = 99) reported having a formal procedure to escalate a patient to an expert care and not having a set number of max attempts before escalation. Only two-thirds (n = 115) of respondents said they had a standardized protocol for pain control and procedural support, with only 13% (n = 23) and 15% (n = 27), respectively, self-reporting that they always followed the protocol.

Conclusions

The respondents reported a wide variance in neonatal and pediatric vascular access procedures and the resources used to support this practice. Core standards need to be developed to help guide neonatal and pediatric clinicians and their institutions. The standards should encompass recommendations for workforce models, proper training, competency, insertion guidelines, pain control,
Patient mapping in drug and alcohol services to help eliminate hepatitis C
Authors: Bufton Sally , Hathorn Emma , Mutimer David
Published: July 2020

This article presents the aims, process and results of a mapping process to streamline hepatitis C test-to-treatment pathways within a regional network, with practical recommendations for hepatitis nurses, NHS clinics and community drug and alcohol services
The implications of COVID-19 for gastroenterology and hepatology: a state-of-the-art review
Authors: Jack Kathryn
Published: July 2020

COVID-19 has erupted as a global public health emergency, and data are emerging on the wider impacts of this viral respiratory infection. This state-of-the-art review includes ten publications from China about the impact of COVID-19 on gastrointestinal symptoms and liver disease. In addition to respiratory symptoms, some patients both present with and subsequently develop gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea or diarrhoea. COVID-19 can also be found in faeces, sometimes lasting for several days following a negative oropharyngeal test result. Abnormal serum liver function tests have been recorded, but these may be due to a deterioration of previously known chronic liver disease, ischaemia or hypoxia due to critical illness, or a drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Many existing care pathways for people with chronic gastrointestinal or liver disease have been abruptly halted in order to redirect staff and facilities to people acutely ill with COVID-19 and this may lead to an increase in morbidity and mortality in these cohorts.
Lifestyle-related liver disease: an avalanche warning
Authors: Clayton Michelle
Published: July 2020

Michelle Clayton, Chair of the British Liver Nurses' Association, considers the long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for liver health
Cost-optimized heterogeneous FPGA architecture for non-iterative hologram generation
Authors: Dong Daoming , Wang Youchao , Kadis Andrew , Wilkinson Timothy D.
Published: July 2020

The generation of computer-generated holograms (CGHs) requires a significant amount of computational power. To accelerate the process, highly parallel field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are deemed to be a promising computing platform to implement non-iterative hologram generation algorithms. In this paper, we present a cost-optimized heterogeneous FPGA architecture based on a one-step phase retrieval algorithm for CGH generation. The results indicate that our hardware implementation is

2.5
×

faster than the equivalent software implementation on a personal computer with a high-end multi-core CPU. Trade-offs between cost and performance are demonstrated, and we show that the proposed heterogeneous architecture can be used in a compact display system that is cost and size optimized.
Real-time control and management plane for edge-cloud deterministic and dynamic networks
Authors: Szczerban Mijail , Benzaoui Nihel , Estarán José , Mardoyan Haïk , Ouslimani Achour , Kasbari Abed-Elhak , Bigo Sébastien , Pointurier Yvan
Published: July 2020

The dynamicity of today’s optical networks is far from its potential. Optical components, such as fast-tunable lasers or semiconductor optical amplifiers, can react on a nanosecond time scale, while the reconfiguration time of optical networks is many orders of magnitude larger, normally above a hundreds of milliseconds timescale. In this work, we address this gap with real-time control plane strategies that enhance the responsiveness of optical networks, specifically in the context of time-critical applications where service determinism is of paramount importance. This context represents an additional challenge since the infrastructure necessary to provide time-wise guarantees increases the complexity of the system under control. We describe in detail the real-time control plane for deterministic and dynamic networks and assess its value through experimental evaluation for the first time to our knowledge of a complete real-time control plane within a multinetwork segment testbed. We prove submillisecond overall reconfiguration time for multinetwork segment environments spanning distances of the order of tens of kilometers.
Towards the integration of nanoemitters by direct laser writing on optical glass waveguides
Authors: Xu Xiaolun , Broussier Aurélie , Ritacco Tiziana , Nahra Mackrine , Geoffray Fabien , Issa Ali , Jradi Safi , Bachelot Renaud , Couteau Christophe , Blaize Sylvain
Published: July 2020

A major challenge towards nanophotonics is the integration of nanoemitters on optical chips. Combining the optical properties of nanoemitters with the benefits of integration and scalability of integrated optics is still a major issue to overcome. In this work, we demonstrate the integration of nanoemitters positioned in a controlled manner onto a substrate and onto an optical ion-exchanged glass waveguide via direct laser writing based on two-photon polymerization. Our nanoemitters are colloidal CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) embedded in polymeric nanostructures. By varying the laser parameters during the patterning process, we make size-controlled QD-polymer nanostructures that were systematically characterized using optical and structural methods. Structures as small as 17 nm in height were fabricated. The well-controlled QD-polymer nanostructure systems were then successfully integrated onto a new photonic platform for nanophotonics made of an ion-exchanged waveguide. We show that our QDs maintain their light emitting quality after integration as verified by photoluminescence (PL) measurements. Ultimately, QD emission coupled to our waveguides is detected through a home-built fiber-edge coupling PL measurement setup. Our results show the potential for future integration of nanoemitters onto complex photonic chips.
Growing up in hip hop: The expression of self in hypermasculine cultures
Authors: Hook Dave
Published: July 2020

Recently, rappers Talib Kweli and Evidence discussed the conflict between rapper identity and individual identity as a person ages, with Kweli describing how a rapper’s persona ‘becomes like an armour’ and Evidence observing that ‘after a while that stops getting rewarding’ (People’s Party with Talib Kweli 2019: 54). These observations highlight the difficulties for artists to be able to express their own growth and development as their artist personas become ‘fixed’. This fixing or flattening of persona, combined with a hypermasculine culture that reflects a society where even the phrase ‘to catch feelings’ is a derogatory term, creates an environment in which opportunities for expression of personal growth, change and emotional responses have become limited. Taking an autoethnographic, multi-method approach, this article looks at examples in my own work with hip hop group Stanley Odd, which focus on personal, reflexive commentary as opposed to cultural or social commentary. Through the analysis of three songs released between 2012 and 2014, this article describes creative tactics and responses designed to navigate the boundaries of hip hop culture, Scottish culture and global culture, circumventing restrictions on emotive responses.
El Noticiario C.L.A.S.A., órgano de difusión gubernamental (1934–52)
Authors: Ruiz Ojeda Tania Celina
Published: July 2020

Mexican film was aligned with the state since its origins, but this union only generated continuous cinematographic production beginning in the 1930s, when the government of President Lázaro Cárdenas del Río (1934–40) signed a contract with the production company that would go to become one of the most important producers of Mexican cinema of the Golden Age: la Cinematográfica Latinoamericana S.A. (CLASA). This article analyses the changes of discourse and narrative style used in these newsreels during three consecutive presidential terms and outlines the working dynamics and the cinematic discourse of each government, as well as how newsreel formats reflected the agenda of each head of state.
Mexicans in Nicaragua: Revolution and propaganda in Sandinista documentaries of the University Center for Cinematographic Studies (CUEC-UNAM)
Authors: Nahmad Rodríguez Ana Daniela , López Ana M.
Published: July 2020

Film production played a decisive role in the Nicaraguan Revolution. During the preparation of the 1979 Ofensiva Final (Final Offensive), the Sandinistas clearly understood the need to produce audio-visual documents that would serve as testimony and political propaganda of this historic moment. To do so, they sought the support of internationalist filmmakers among whom a group of Mexicans were most prominent. This article focuses on materials on the Sandinista Revolution preserved at the film archive of the University Center for Cinematographic Studies (CUEC) of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). It analyses them in relation to the role of left-wing film internationalism in political documentary in Latin America and builds an ‘other’ history of a Mexican film institution that in the 1970s was uniquely politicized as a result of the 1968 Mexican student movement and, later, the influence of Latin American exiles. As a particular case study, this article rescues one of the key figures of Mexican internationalism during the Sandinista Revolution, Adrián Carrasco Zanini Molina, and the role of Mexican filmmakers in the creation of institutions dedicated to film production in Nicaragua such as the Nicaraguan Film Institute (INCINE).
Francisco del Villar y Sagitario Films: Episodios para una historia del documental institucional mexicano, 1950–70
Authors: Cejudo María Rosa Gudiño
Published: July 2020

The Mexican filmmaker Francisco del Villar (1920–78) was hired by different government institutions such as the Ministry of Health and Assistance (SSA), National Railways (FNM), Petróleos Mexicanos (PM) and the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) to make documentaries on their work for propaganda and educational purposes. Between 1957 and 1972 del Villar filmed at least thirteen documentaries that represent the development of these institutions and their achievements, but also, the work of the Mexican state more broadly. This article rescues this documentary production from anonymity and analyses the political and social contexts of the period in which they were filmed, as well as the institutions’ various agendas. This article also seeks to contribute to the historiography of Mexican documentary in the second half of the twentieth century by analysing its representation of medical-sanitary issues and of technological modernity in 1960s Mexico.
La criminalización de las juventudes rebeldes en la Revista Fílmica Cine Mundial, una aproximación al periodismo cinematográfico mexicano, 1956–68
Authors: Gracida Rodríguez Alejandro
Published: July 2020

During the 1950s and 1960s, the Mexican government found that hippies and so-called rebels without a cause held attitudes that threatened the corporative PRI system, a situation that led to the identification of youths as a problem requiring government intervention. The defence of morality and the preservation of national values signalled the deviant nature of youth, and legitimated repressive policies against this emerging social group. This article explores how the Cine Mundial newsreel promoted the condemnation of rebellious youths and outlined the profile of a desirable model of youth in alignment with the country’s developmentalist policy. Finally, the scope and limitations of the media and newsreels are analysed.