bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geoecological assessment and environmental monitoring within the boundaries of the impact of the development of gold deposits using GIS technologies
Authors: Leonenko A V , Krupskaya L T , Usikov V I , Filatova M Yu , Bubnova M
Published: July 2022

An interdisciplinary approach is used in the study of this problem. Well-known methods are used in the work. The ground-based phase of the research consisted of sampling. The results indicate intense pollution. High concentrations of compounds of mercury, arsenic, copper, lead, zinc were recorded. Deciphering the Landsat 8 (GloVis) images made it possible to supplement the mining and environmental monitoring by studying the dynamics of changes in the areas of placer gold mining. Data processing was carried out on the basis of the open geoinformation system Qgis. Image processing methods: False Color Composite (FCC) images in artificial colors; Band Ratio (BR) creates complex band ratios. Digitization of the images showed increasing areas of disturbed land. For the first time, a geo-ecological assessment using GIS technologies was carried out. Over a long period of time, ground monitoring data are entered into the Qgis database. The practical significance of the work is confirmed by the Patent of the Russian Federation and substantiated by the creation of a method to ensure the environmental safety of technogenically polluted areas using bioremediation.
Specific regional features of radon activity in environmental objects and indoor spaces in the Volgograd region
Authors: Khorzova L I , Vlasova O S , Klimenti N Yu , Golubeva S I , Tekushin D V
Published: July 2022

The protection and preservation of human health under present-day conditions of high urbanization rate is one of the priority tasks of contemporary construction. And here, the environmental safety of the residential buildings to be constructed is one of the most important factors. It is significantly affected by ionizing radiation for which radioactive radon gas is one of the sources. The level of public exposure depends on the concentration of radon in the aerial environment of outdoor territories and indoor spaces. The article considers the radon-related characteristics of the territories and indoor spaces in the Volgograd region and, based on the obtained results, provides calculations of the average annual effective equivalent doses of public exposure caused by radon and its daughter decay products in the region.
Control of pollutants in the atmospheric air on the example of an automated monitoring system in St. Petersburg
Authors: Volkodaeva M V , Volodina Ya A
Published: July 2022

Assessment of air quality is an integral part of the strategy to improve the quality of life and health of the population. According to the recommendations of the World Health Organization, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, and particulate matter are subject to monitoring. Of particular interest are nitrogen oxides and ozone, which are characterized by an inverse correlation. The study is aimed at establishing the degree of this relationship according to the data of an automated monitoring system and assessing the level of air pollution in St. Petersburg, Russia. In addition, it is necessary to control the content of various specific compounds, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This is because public health impacts include exposure to both the VOCs themselves and secondary air pollutants resulting from chemical reactions between VOCs and other components. Thus, these substances are constantly monitored at observation stations in St. Petersburg. VOC monitoring provides for qualitative and quantitative analysis on measuring equipment with preliminary sampling and their preparation. Sampling uses various methods and devices. Based on the results of the theoretical and experimental studies, the authors propose the use of sampling devices, which differ from analogues in their design, metrological and operational characteristics.
Environmental risk and possibilities of ciprofloxacin phytoremediation
Authors: Timofeeva S S , Tyukalova O V , Timofeev S S
Published: July 2022

The article considers antibiotics of the quinolone series, their using and mechanism of action. Based on the literature data, their application, distribution mechanisms, accumulation and behavior in environmental objects are considered. It is noted that the role of aquatic plants in the processes of biochemical degradation has not been sufficiently studied. Under the conditions of a laboratory model experiment, we studied the patterns of ciprofloxacin elimination by hydatophytes, i.e., aquatic plants completely submerged in water (Canadian pondweed, rigid hornwort, Eurasian watermilfoil). The spectral characteristics of ciprofloxacin were studied and quantitative estimates of the absorption of the antibiotic from solutions with submerged aquatic plants were made. We calculated elimination rate constants and phytoremediation potential. It was found that the rate of elimination of ciprofloxacin and phytoremediation potential depended on the type of aquatic plant and the initial concentration of the antibiotic. The highest elimination rate was found in models containing hornwort. Based on the data obtained, a conclusion was made about the prospects for the using of hydatophytes in phytopurification systems for post-treatment of wastewater from ciprofloxacin.
Developing a softening technology for confined groundwater used for the potable water supply in Kondratovo, the Perm Krai
Authors: Novikov S V , Pletneva M S
Published: July 2022

The problem of providing water of drinking quality to small settlements today does not lose its relevance. This article discusses the existing methods of preparing water from a borehole water intake, surveyed part of the centralized system of the settlement, the intended purpose of the extracted groundwater is the household and drinking water supply of the village of Kondratovo, and based on the results of a survey of the technical condition of the centralized water supply system of the village and the water quality of the existing underground source, a technology has been developed for softening water from artesian wells, which ensures that the quality of drinking water complies with the centralized water supply system. Water quality studies were carried out in an accredited testing laboratory center of the Western branch of the FBUZ “Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Perm Territory”. The results of this work increase the reliability of supplying consumers with drinking-quality water and can be applied in assessing investments in engineering infrastructure facilities and developing an investment program.
Assessment of the prospects for the use of treated wastewater for irrigation purposes in the Republic of Crimea
Authors: Volkova N E , Ivanyutin N M , Popovich V V
Published: July 2022

Treated sewage wastewater is a possible alternative water source for increasing the water supply to the agricultural industry of the Republic of Crimea. However, their use, according to the results of research by domestic and foreign scientists, is constrained by a combination of a number of factors that need to be taken into account and analyzed before implementing this direction. The purpose of the work is to assess the possibility of using treated wastewater for irrigation purposes in the Republic of Crimea in modern conditions. The main source of this water category is large sewage treatment plants (STP) serving the cities of Alushta, Dzhankoy, Yevpatoria, Kerch, Saki, Simferopol, Sudak, Feodosia, Yalta. They account for about 80% of the volume of wastewater, discharged into surface water bodies annually. Based on the salt composition of the treated wastewater, the most promising alternative water sources for irrigation purposes are the STP “Ukromnoye”.
Study of adsorption of cadmium ions from solutions on natural and modified diatomites
Authors: Boriskov D E , Efremova S Yu , Komarova N A , Tikhomirova E I
Published: July 2022

In this work, the use of the sorption method is proposed for the purification of wastewater from ions of heavy metals. The aim was to study the sorption activity of diatomite in relation to cadmium ions. The studies were carried out under static conditions. The processes of physicochemical modification of diatomite for the extraction of cadmium ions from aqueous solutions were investigated. The influence of time and pH on the value of sorption was studied. The optimal conditions for sorption extraction have been determined. Adsorption isotherms have been constructed, and quantitative characteristics of the values of adsorption of cadmium ions on the surface of modified sorbents have been obtained. The fundamental possibility of using diatomites for the purification of cadmium-containing wastewater has been assessed. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that acid activation does not promote adsorption (even negative adsorption is observed), which confirms the mobility of cadmium in the low pH region, it can be assumed that only an increase in alkalinity to the possibility of formation of hydroxocadmium (CdOH)+. Thermal, shows stable adsorption in relation to Cd+2, which suggests the possibility of using such activation of cadmium diatomite and other metals, that is, with complex pollution.
Improvement of mechanisms for managing the ecological state of watercourses in the urban area
Authors: Volkova N E , Ivanyutin N M , Popovich V V , Yunchik Y A
Published: July 2022

The basis of rational management of water resources quality on the territory of cities is to obtain complete and reliable information, reflecting the state of water bodies. This becomes possible only if the monitoring network is properly organized and balanced from an ecological and economic point of view. The fulfillment of this requirement makes it possible not only to obtain the data, necessary to assess current state of water resources, to make forecasts of changes in the qualitative indicators of river runoff, taking into account water availability of the year, level of anthropogenic load, but also in some cases to localize areas, where unauthorized discharges of pollutants are practised. In the course of this study, it was found that the monitoring network of observations of hydrochemical, biogenic indicators and physical properties of water within the boundaries of the Simferopol city district is organized irrationally. In order to increase ecological and economic efficiency of its functioning, it is advisable for monitoring organizations to agree on a list of monitored indicators, the number and location of observation posts, as well as to monitor the impact of the urban environment on the Slavyanka river.
Kinetics and balance of adsorption of n-butanol from its vapor-air mixtures by activated carbon from the fossil coal of the Kalewa deposit
Authors: Naing Zaw Ye , Myint Saw Win , Nistratov A V , Klushin V N
Published: July 2022

The use of fossil coal from local fields is a significant issue for the national economy of The Republic of The Union of Myanmar. It is important to evaluate the possibilities the coals usage in general and particularly their usage for the carbonic absorbents production. There are numbers of applied problems related to the carbon adsorption purification from vapors of volatile organic solvents. We are describing the results of a comparative study of the kinetics and balance of adsorption of butanol vapors from its PVA fossil coal deposit Kalewa (Kalewa, Myanmar) at a room temperature. This paper describes the technological aspects of processing of fossil method of steam-gas and chemical activation in order to obtain active coals and use of the latter when capturing coal by the n-butanol vapors from their mixtures with air represent and practically significant information for assessing the feasibility of these adsorbents production organizing. We analyze and prove the efficiency of use of particular methods carbonic absorbents production.
Moderate intensity chemical incomplete combustion of fuel
Authors: Roslyakov P , Pleshanov K , Shchelchkov K , Rudomazin V
Published: July 2022

The paper presents research results for NOX reduction for moderate incomplete combustion, its impact on the environment and boiler reliability, optimal combustion conditions criteria, and its implementation in operating steam and hot-water boilers. The authors pay additional attention to the cost efficiency criterion while analysing the best method for reducing NOX. After conducting a numerical calculation for combustion processes under certain defined conditions, the authors suggest a new method for emission reduction by suppression of thermal NOX formation using the extended Zeldovich mechanism. Research shows up to 40% NOX reduction potential for existing boilers depending on fuel type and operating conditions with CO concentration in stack gases lower than standard levels due to chemical incomplete combustion.
Determination of criterion for selectivity of disintegration of technogenic raw materials for environmentally oriented processing
Authors: Kolodezhnaya E V , Gorlova O E , Orehova N N , Kolkova M S , Glagoleva I V
Published: July 2022

Production and consumption wastes reduce utilization efficiency of natural resources and negatively affect ecosystems. More than 500 thousand hectares of land are occupied for the storage of mining waste in Russia, and the negative impact of the waste extends to territories exceeding this area by 10-15 times. Content of ferrous and non-ferrous metals in wastes of metallurgical and mining industries is comparable to content of these components in ores of promising deposits. Involving these materials in processing is an urgent priority. The most important factors determining the efficiency of processing are the selectivity of penetrating a valuable component, determining the optimal grinding size and the content of fine particles. The structure, material composition and physical and mechanical characteristics of metallurgical slags differ significantly from natural ores, so the disintegration schemes of man-made raw materials must be chosen for each material depending on its individual characteristics. The paper defines significant criteria for assessing the characteristics of the composition and properties of man-made raw materials for choosing the rational method of slag destruction according to the selectivity and energy intensity using the case of metallurgical slag.
Environmental Substantiation of the Disposal of Silicate Materials Waste and their Use
Authors: Butakova M D , Ulrikh D V
Published: July 2022

A challenging situation has currently developed in the Russian Federation with the formation, accumulation, use, storage, and disposal of industrial waste. This has lead to environmental pollution, environmental abuse, and, as a result, significant economic damage. About 80 billion tons of various types of solid waste, including construction waste, have been accumulated in dumps and storage facilities on the territory of the country. About 7 billion tons of such waste is annually added to the waste already accumulated in the country. Such huge reserves occupy considerable areas near residential areas. Russia annually allocates about 10,000 hectares of usable land for solid industrial waste landfills and dumps. It remains unknown what areas are occupied by unauthorized dumps of construction waste. The paper presents the results of experimental studies on the use of floured silicate brick waste in the manufacture of highly efficient building products.
Development and implementation of a new format of eco-shops “Without packaging – zero waste”
Authors: Prelikova E A , Belyakova O I , Grachev S V , Kopylov M R
Published: July 2022

One of the problems of modern mankind is environmental pollution. Issues related to waste disposal production and consumption are of great importance in ensuring environmental security not only of a particular region but of the entire planet as a whole. More than half of the plastic waste in the world is household waste. These include PET bottles, disposable tableware, and other different packaging products purchased in stores. Problems formation of a large amount of waste, not well-established the system of their separate collection makes it necessary to look for new approaches and methods to their decision. The relevance of the research topic and the degree of its scientific development give the basis for formulating a scientific problem as the need to develop and introduction of a new format of eco-shops “No packaging - zero waste”. The methods of theoretical analysis and the graphical method were used in the work. Thanks to the method of theoretical analysis were studied statistical data on plastic waste pollution of the urban environment and the ecological situation in general. The essence of the graphical method was the analytical process of studying schemes of trade without disposable packaging and the technical development of the project.
Use of fiberglass waste for strengthening ceramic porous composite
Authors: Yatsenko N D , Yatsenko A I , Vilbitskaya N A , Ovseenko S Y
Published: July 2022

The fiberglass reinforcing additives selection studies have been carried out and it has been found that basaltic fiberglass at firing temperatures 1000… 1050°C does not melt and provides for the formation of a homogeneous porous ceramic structure penetrated by filaments of fiber located on the surface of the sample, without affecting the internal porosity of the material. The strength of the porous ceramic based on the clay raw material and the porous additive in the form of high-calcium wastes formed during the water purification by calcification at the power stations, when introducing the reinforcing additive components, depends on the iron oxide content.
Wastewater treatment: methods and prospects
Authors: Bryukhov M , Ulrikh D
Published: July 2022

In this paper, the problems which can occur when wastewater is discharged into surface water bodies are considered. Modern methods of wastewater treatment are presented: mechanical, chemical, biological, physical-and-chemical, and combined methods. Examples of green infrastructure technologies with biofiltration function are given, which are easy to use and are effective in the treatment of both urban surface and production runoffs, and use the principles of landscape gardening. Characteristics of biofiltration swale, filtration strip, bioplateaus, biopools, and phytofilters are provided. The effectiveness of biological wastewater treatment with the use of bioengineering facilities is described. Results are presented on the research on using of highbog peat, charcoal, expanded perlite, overburned brick, celadon green, foam glass, flux from welding shop of a pipe-rolling plant, and rolling scrap as sorbing agents for treatment of acid wastewater containing iron.
Processing of ash and slag waste from coal-fired power plants into functional geopolymer materials
Authors: Yatsenko E A , Goltsman B M , Novikov Yu V , Trofimov S V , Yatsenko V S
Published: July 2022

The possibility of processing ash and slag waste formed during the combustion of coal fuel in boiler units of thermal power plants into functional geopolymer materials has been studied. The world experience of processing ash and slag waste into various materials is presented, the potential danger of ash and slag is described. The chemical composition and microstructure of ash and slag of the Apatity CHPP and the Severodvinsk CHPP-1 were studied. Raw materials of geopolymer materials have been developed, their synthesis has been carried out. The physico-mechanical properties of the obtained samples are analyzed - their density and compressive strength are determined. The process of pore formation in the production of geopolymer materials is considered.
Methods of mitigating industrial accidents at oil reservoirs.
Authors: Udartseva O V
Published: July 2022

This article reviews the possibility of mitigating the explosions at oil and gas facilities during the design stage. The actions suggested and verified in calculations aim to reduce the damages incurred. The authors analyze the consequences of explosions by recalculating damage areas taking into account the underlying substrate used. It is possible to reduce the equivalent explosion weight of the reflected shock wave 3 times and the length of damage areas by over 2 times changing the underlying substrate. To prevent the penetration of oil products into the soil cover, it is possible to form a square of the oil storage park from the soil, previously covered with a waterproofing layer. The need for this measure is to ensure the safety of the land. The proposed solutions will improve the economic efficiency and environmental safety of the oil storage process.
Algorithm of risk-analysis for assessing the influence of occupational conditions on personnel with investigating respiration patterns
Authors: Malyshev V S , Fedorova E V , Borovkova A M , Andreeva S A , Bayeva P N
Published: July 2022

The article considers the risk-analysis algorithm for assessing the occupational conditions impacts on the respiratory system of personnel, depending on the enterprise workplace localization. The algorithm for collecting information about the respiratory system condition for forming the occupational conditions’ exposure risk assessment is based on the acoustic portraits recording results for the company’s personnel respiratory cycles with bronchophonography using the hardware complex “Pattern-01”. The results of the proposed algorithm’s implementation are presented for the specific workplaces with different working conditions. The risk assessment was carried out using the “Checklist” and “What happens if ?” methods.
Developing a technique for detecting nanoscale range particles in the air of the working area in a coal preparation plant
Authors: Timofeeva S S , Zueva V A
Published: July 2022

The revival of the coal industry requires supplying the markets with high quality enriched coal, which is produced in coal preparation plants. The personnel of the coal industry is exposed to the dust factor and the number of occupational respiratory diseases is steadily increasing. It has been established that coal dust of the nanoscale range plays a significant role in the development of occupational lung diseases. The paper presents a method for separating nanosized particles of coal dust in the technological processes of a coal preparation plant. We have analyzed the fractional composition of coal dust selected at the workplaces of the conveyor operator in the coal receiving department, the operator of the washing units, the operator of the crushing and loading unit in the drying and heating department of the Kasyanovskaya coal preparation plant. It has been established that the initial dust sample consists of 98.94% particles with a size of 200 μm, and those dispersed in an ultrasonic bath and separated in a centrifuge contain up to 10 and 30%, respectively, nanoparticles with a size of 500 nm. It is recommended to use innovative means of prevention and provide workers with highly effective personal protective equipment.
Analysis of natural hydrological hazards in the Southern Baikal Area
Authors: Drozdova T I , Khamidullina E A
Published: July 2022

The increase in natural disasters associated with hydrological hazards is of concern and requires ensuring the safety of people. This paper presents an analysis of hydrological hazards in the territory of the Southern Baikal Area and gives a quantitative assessment of the frequency of severe floods with flooding of territories. In the work, we used a retrospective statistical analysis of hydrological natural hazards. Processing and generalization of statistical data for the period 2004-2020 were carried out for all watercourses of the Southern Baikal Area based on the data of the State Reports “On the state of protection of the population and territories of the Russian Federation from natural and man-made emergencies” in the relevant years, State Reports “On the state and protection of the environment of the Irkutsk Region” in the relevant years; we also used historical information published in literary sources. It has been shown that with the most unfavorable development of the flood situation, up to 11 settlements with a population of up to 38,700 people fall into the zone of possible flooding. The frequency of strong floods affecting a large area is 4.0·10-2 1/year.
Analysis of the methodology for calculating the dose of external radiation exposure of the population
Authors: Sergeeva M D , Byzov A P , Gomazov F A , Marinchenko N A
Published: July 2022

This work is devoted to the analysis of the methodology for calculating the dose of external radiation exposure to humans. In the course of the work, nuclear power facilities were investigated and the need for calculating radiation doses as a basis for ensuring radiation safety was determined. When solving the tasks, such research methods as system analysis, mathematical modelling, and calculation were used. The calculation of the functions of changes in internal radiation doses was carried out using the Matlab program. As a result of the work, the dependences of external radiation doses on time are obtained. The high processing speed and reliability of the data obtained allows the use of these methods in assessing the safe distance to nuclear power facilities for the living population. Also, the methods of calculating the dose of external radiation confirm their efficiency in the development of recommendations on radiation safety of the population.
Carbon dioxide emission during the production of magnesium binders based on dolomitized rocks
Authors: Averina G , Koshelev V , Orlov A , Sidelnikov D , Vakhrushev S
Published: July 2022

The article discusses the environmental efficiency of the production of magnesia binders based on mining waste using the technology of intensified firing process. The importance of the transition to technologies with reduced carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere is substantiated. The main devastating consequences caused by an excess of carbon dioxide are described from a global and local point of view. The calculation of carbon dioxide emissions due to thermal decomposition of charge carbonate minerals is given. The calculation of emissions of carbon dioxide, which is a product of combustion of fuel for the firing process, is given. The comparison of the carbon footprint of the technology of magnesium dolomite binders with the technology of Portland cement production was made. The process of release of gases from the charge during heat treatment has been studied, and the absence of release of gases containing chlorine from additives-intensifiers has been established. The conclusion about the relevance of the partial replacement of Portland cement with an alternative environmentally effective magnesium dolomite binder in the production of building materials is made.
The use of cartographic methods in assessing the risks of the impact of thermal power plants on the environment
Authors: Anopchenko L Yu , Yakutin M V
Published: July 2022

The article analyzes the nature and intensity of the impact of the Novosibirsk CHPP-3 on the environment. To assess environmental risks, two types of threats were identified and corresponding risk groups were identified: violation of the temperature regime of networks; violation of the hydraulic regime of networks; reduction in the quality of make-up water; breakthrough of heating networks; suction of polluted water from the near-tube space; nitrogen oxide pollution; sulfur dioxide pollution; soot pollution; ash pollution. By constructing risk maps for each risk with the subsequent addition of the obtained maps, the area of the least well-being is picked out. In it, the probability of threats being realized, and, accordingly, the risks, are the greatest. Based on the obtained maps, recommendations have been developed that may be important in the planning process of prospective development of territories affected by CHP-3. The recommendations take into account modern environmental safety strategies, in particular, environmental management methods.
Carbon footprint of forest fires in the Irkutsk region
Authors: Timofeeva S S , Garmyshev V V
Published: July 2022

Climate change due to the “carbon footprint”, representing the totality of all greenhouse gas emissions produced directly or indirectly by humans, animals, organizations, products and all human life processes. The carbon footprint is calculated as the carbon dioxide equivalent emitted from all sources. There is still no single methodology for accounting for the carbon footprint of forest fires. According to the information available in the literature, the carbon footprint from fires is taken into account only in the USA, while in Brazil, Indonesia, and Russia there is no such accounting. The assessment of the carbon footprint has a large error, since burning occurs in vast areas with different rock composition. The aim of this work was to develop a methodology for assessing the carbon footprint on the territory of Russia by taking into account the mass of burned forest materials and calculating gross emissions of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and soot.
Effect of genotype and NPK fertilizer on seedlings of Arabica coffee and its genetic variability
Authors: Malau S , Nababan K , Sumihar S T T , Sihotang M R
Published: July 2022

Genetic make-up and maintenance of seedlings are influencing factors for cultivation of arabica coffee. The goal of this experiment was to study the effect of genotypes of arabica coffee and NPK fertilizer on seedlings performance and genetic variability of seedlings. A factorial experiment with randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at experimental garden of Agriculture Faculty of Universitas HKBP Nommensen in Medan. Thirtytwo genotypes of arabica coffee and four levels of NPK fertilizer was tested. The result revealed that genotype differences were highly significant in plant height, the age at which the cotyledons open, and phenotype ratios. Genotype G3 from District Dairi performed the earliest age at the cotyledon opening (13.67 days). NPK fertilizer differences were significant to highly significant. Variance component of genotypes (VG) contributed 17.76% to total variance (VT) in ratio of plant height to age at the opening of cotyledon. Genotype showed greater variance than NPK fertilizer. Genotypic (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) varied from 1.13% to 8.17% and from 10.75% to 18.37%, respectively. It can be concluded that the role of genotype is more decisive than the role of NPK fertilizer, and genotypes showed genotypic and phenotypic variability.
Characterization of gogo rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm from Padang Lawas regency
Authors: Wahyuni H , Alfi R , Fatoni R B M I
Published: July 2022

Gogo rice is one of the food crops that has the potential to be developed because it is able to produce good productivity on dry land. The problem faced by farmers today is the lack of availability of superior gogo rice seeds. Characterization is one of the efforts to provide genes that are used for the development of sustainable technology in the assembly of new high yielding varieties. The purpose of the study was to determine the types of gogo rice and the relationship between species. This research was conducted from May-August 2021 in Padang Lawas regency using a descriptive method. All data analyzed using NTSYS version 2.02. The survey results show that there are seven types of gogo rice from Padang Lawas regency, namely Silumutpaon, Sialim, Sibobo, Siperak, Sioppaboru, Sibayur and Sibara. The dendrogram coefficient of similarity ranges from 0.17 to 0.50.
Chemical characteristics of Bio-Vermigot (vermicompost and kasgot) fertilizer with the combination of Black Soldier Fly larvae and earthworm by using cow manure and banana stem
Authors: Sebayang N U W , Nini  , Sabrina T
Published: July 2022

One technology that also has the potential is used in composting organic waste with earthworms or vermicomposting to protect our environment. A technology for composting municipal organic waste has been found using the Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae. Both decomposer agents will make the best role in the treatment of organic waste so that when it is combined with the right techniques, the decomposition process will produce a combination of bio-vermigot fertilizer. The purpose of this study was to produce a combination of vermicompost and kasgot (bio-vermigot) with earthworms and BSF larvae. The method uses Factorial Randomized Block Design with DMRT test at the 5% level. The pH in almost all treatments was neutral (6.3-8.2), the water content in all treatments exceeded the national standard (more than 25%), C-organic according to the standard only in the treatment without decomposer agents (20%), The content of Nitrogen in 100% earthworm with cow manure (2.45%) and 100% BSF larvae with cow manure (2.05%). The combination of decomposer agents that can produce bio-vermigot with the best Phosphorus content is 25% earthworms: BSF larvae 75% with banana stem waste, Potassium and C/N ratio in all treatments not eligible with national standards.
An analysis of morphological characters of two shallot varieties (Allium ascalonicum L.) using true shallot seed in the highlands with different cultivation methods to support sustainable agriculture
Authors: Hasanah Y , Ginting J , Kusriarmin A M
Published: July 2022

The morphological character of shallot using TSS (True Shallot Seed) in the highlands is greatly affected by plant cultivation methods related to fertilization factors, growth regulators, and seed spacing to support sustainable agriculture. This study aims to evaluate the morphological and physiological characters of two TSS-originated shallot varieties by applying different methods. The research is conducted on community land in Sempa Jaya, Berastagi, with an altitude of 1412 meters. A factorial randomized block design was established with two factors and three replications in a field experiment. The first factor is seed supplier recommendation cultivation method, multiple production recommendation cultivation method, modification of seed supplier recommendation cultivation method, and modification of multiple production recommendation cultivation method. The second factor is the variety (Sanren F1 and Lokananta). Lokananta variety was identified as having better growth than Sanren F1. The seed supplier recommendation cultivation method is better than the rest. The interaction between varieties and cultivation methods has no significant effect on plant growth.
Foliar stomata characteristic of fabaceae family in University of Sumatera Utara (USU) green space
Authors: Susilowati A , Ginting I M , Kaban N S , Rachmat H H , Iswanto A H , Sucipto T
Published: July 2022

The existence of green open space becomes important along with the decline in environmental quality. The University of Sumatera Utara (USU) campus, as one of the city’s green open spaces, is expected to be able to minimize negative impacts of increasing levels of pollution. For this reason, it is necessary to select tree species to maximize the function of green open spaces. The purpose of this research was to identify the Fabaceae family’s stomata characteristics, which included the type, length, thickness, and its density. To determine stomata characteristics, the epidermal layer of the leaves was perforated using nail polish. The results showed that all of observed trees had paracytic stomata with a random distribution pattern. The longest stomata was found in Erythrina crista that reached 20.15 μm in length, while the shortest stomata was found in Intsia bijuga and reached 12.36 μm in length. Tamarindus indica had the widest stomata, reaching 2.59 μm in width, while Pithecellobium dulce variegate have had smallest, at 7.74 μm in width. Peltophorum pterocarpum had the highest density at 718.68μm, while Leucaena leucocephala have had lowest density at 94/ μm2.
Variation in yield attributing traits and genetic parameters estimates of some advanced promising lines of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown under shade conditions
Authors: Sadimantara G R , Oktavianty F D , Febrianti E , Nuraida W , Usman
Published: July 2022

Efforts to develop upland rice need to be supported by plant breeding programs by assembling superior upland rice varieties. Eight advanced promising lines developed through a hybridization breeding program and two check varieties were used to study. The study conducted in Langgea Village (4°3’24”S and 121°27’59”E), Ranomeeto District, South Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. The experiment arranged in a split-plot design using randomized complete block (RCB) and three replications. Shade treatments arranged as main plots and the different of upland rice promising lines as subplots. The parameters observed were included vegetative and generative character. The results showed that the genotypes significantly differed in grain yield and yield attributing traits. The estimation of genetic parameters of some upland rice promising lines for grain yield and yield attributing traits indicated that total grain per panicle and leaf area had high both genotypic and phenotypic coefficient variance. There were genotypic diversity values on the appearance of some upland rice promising lines at a low light intensity, which had the highest value on the total grain per panicle (282.13) and the lowest value on the grain weight per clump (1.02).
Effectiveness of NPK fertilizer on the growth of several new superior upland rice lines (Oryza sativa L.) crosses from Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Rismawati  , Sadimantara G R , Usman  , Leomo S , Erawan D , Samai S
Published: July 2022

Rice is the primary source of carbohydrates in Indonesia. The rice demand increases every year and needs to fulfil sustainably. Effective fertilizer treatment is very important. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness and the best dosage of NPK on the growth of several superior upland rice lines from Southeast Sulawesi. The research was conducted in Field Experiment Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University. The research design in factorial randomized block design (RBD) consists of two factors. The first factor was the rice cultivar different, i.e., GS11-2 (G1), GS12-2 (G2), GS44-2 (G3), GS16-2 (G4), and Lipigo 4 as a check variety or control. The second factor was the different dose of NPK, i.e., without fertilizer as a control, 4 g plant-1, and 8 g plant-1. The observed parameter is plant height (cm), leaf number and tiller number. The observational data were analysed using ANOVA dan further using DMRT tests. The results showed NPK fertilizer was effective on the growth of several upland rice lines in the parameter of plant height, leaf number, and tiller number. The four lines tested showed that these lines had the potential to become new superior upland rice varieties.
Analysis of morphological responses of drought stress oil palm in nursery phase
Authors: Pangaribuan I F , Akoeb E N
Published: July 2022

Oil palm is one of drought sensitive crops. Therefore, drought tolerance and water-use efficient oil palm planting material are needed to produce optimally in a climate-changing condition. One of the methods to see plant responses to drought in the nursery stage is using the Fraction to Transpiration Soil Water (FTSW) method. This method is based on observations of plant transpiration conditions. FTSW method describes the soil and plant moisture condition based on the amount of water transpired by plants. This research arranged with Randomized Block Design (RBD) replicated three times with two factors (three FTSW levels such as 0.1; 0.4; and 0.15) and six oil palm varieties such as DxP Simalungun, DxP PPKS 540, DxP Yangambi, DxP PPKS 239, DxP PPKS 718 and DyxP Dumpy and aimed to determine plant response to drought stress. The result showed that FTSW0 (permanent wilting point) was obtained on day 40. Drought stress treatment (FTSW 0.4 and 0.15) showed significant differences in the parameters of plant height and number of leaves. Among all oil palm varieties, DyxP Dumpy, DxP Simalungun, and DxP PPKS 239 represented a better performance than DxP PPKS 540, DxP Yangambi and DxP Langkat.
Increased of soybean genetic variability through hand pollination
Authors: Hanafiah D S , Haryati  , Damanik G M , Limbong M S , Joshua  , Silaen F F
Published: July 2022

Soybean is one of the most popular cropin Indonesia. In the last five years, soybean production has decreased. Therefore, one way to increase the productivity and genetic variability of soybean is hand pollination. This study aims to see and observe the flower and the fertility of soybean pollen and to know the correct stages of crossing. This study was conducted by observing the morphology and physiology of Grobogan and Anjasmoro soybeans. Parameters observed were flower parts, crossing stage, and pollen fertility. The result of this study showed that Grobogan and Anjasmoro were monoecious. In the fertility test, several samples found that Grobogan and Anjasmoro flowers were 100% fertile. In performing hand pollination, there are several stages, as follows; the selection of male and female flowers, castration, emasculation, pollination, isolation, and labeling. Crosses of varieties between Grobogan and Anjasmoro have good enough success rate, which is equal 57.14%.
Molecular docking analysis of Allium chinense compounds as Secreted Aspartyl Proteinase-5 (SAP5) inhibitor
Authors: Hartanto A , Naibaho F G , Panjaitan D , Lutfia A , Munir E
Published: July 2022

Secreted Aspartyl Proteinase-5 (SAP5) or candidapepsin-5 is known as the current and major virulence factor in the biofilm formation of Candida albicans. The protein is secreted into the environment to disrupt the host immune cells and degrade keratin then penetrating the host defense to express its pathogenicity. SAPs has been targeted for many studies including in vitro test and in silico analysis of potential inhibitory agents. In the current study, we tested six selected compounds in the aqueous extract of Allium chinense G. Don. namely 1-tetradecanol, anozol, hyacinthin, isosorbide, mannitan and oleic acid for in silico analysis along with pepstatin A as the most potent inhibitor or control. The results obtained that oleic acid displayed the most stable bonding with the SAP5 based on molecular docking, visualization and data analysis although slightly lower than anozol in terms of binding affinity. Oleic acid also produced the most similar number of binding residues with pepstatin A based on 2D feature with also similar region in the pocket of SAP5 based on 3D visualization. Hence, the compound may be potentially developed as leading compound in treating C. albicans infections.
Exploring endophytic fungi from Rhizophora spp leaves for improving plant growth
Authors: Elfiati D , Delvian  , Syafitri M , Hidayat A
Published: July 2022

Endophytic fungi are a group of fungi inhabiting the plant tissue for part or all of their life cycle without exposing any hazard to the host. Endophytic fungi can produce bioactive chemicals or secondary metabolites in proportion to their host plant, therefore no parts of the plant are needed to obtain these compounds. As a result, the survivability of a plant survival is maintained. The aim of this study was to obtain endophytic fungi isolated from the leaves of Rhizophora mucronata and Rhizophora apiculata. R. mucronata and R. apiculata leaves were collected at random in Lubuk Kertang Village, West Brandan District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra. Endophytic fungal isolation was conducted on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. The fungal isolates were morphologically identified to the genera level. In this study, 8 isolates from R. mucronata leaves and 9 isolates from R. apiculata leaves were obtained. According to morphological identifications, a total of 8 endophytic fungal isolates from R. mucronata leaves belonged to the genus Aspergillus, while 9 isolates from R. apiculata leaves belonged to three genera: Aspergillus (7 isolates), Cunninghamella (1 isolate), and Humicola (1 isolate).
Adaptation of Physalis angulata L. to salinity stress as an environmental factor in terms of morphological response
Authors: Sholehah D N , Hariyanto S , Purnobasuki H
Published: July 2022

Salinity-affected areas include dry and semi-arid parts of the world, with low crop production capacity. P. angulata is economically important of genus Physalis due to its nutraceutical benefit. This study aims to evaluate the morphological response of P. angulata to salinity stress. The research was conducted in Bangkalan Madura. Salinity treatments were consist of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180. Research has been designed according to randomized block design with three replications. Each replication consists of 4 plants. Leaf morphology was observed by measuring the chlorophyll content in young leaves and visual symptoms in old leaves. The response of plant roots to salinity was carried out by measuring root volume and primary root length. The study result that morphological changes occur in the leaves and roots. There is an acceleration of senescence of old leaves and a decrease in young leaves chlorophyll. The root changes can be seen from the root volume and primary root length reduction. The changes began to occur at a concentration of 80 mM except for the primary root length, which begins to appear at a concentration of 120 mM.
Application of Bacillus cereus Biofertilizer Formulation of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) Growth and Yield Support Sustainable Agriculture on Peatlands
Authors: Hapsoh  , Dini I R , Wawan  , Wulandari M
Published: July 2022

Soybean growth and yield can only be increased by giving biofertilizers containing Bacillus cereus. Several formulations of organic matter as carriers are expected to increase the effectiveness of B. cereus in biofertilizer. Therefore, this research aims to determine the effect of various formulations of B. cereus biofertilizer on the growth and yield of soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) on peat medium. The experimental research design used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications (20 experimental units) with the treatment tested was the formulation of B. cereus (F): 100 ml of B. cereus without formulation (F0); 100 ml of B. cereus + 74% bagasse + 13 % zeolite + 13% dolomite (F1); 100 ml of B. cereus + 74% rice husk + 13% zeolite + 13% dolomite (F2); 100 ml of B. cereus + 74% solid + 13% zeolite +13% dolomite (F3); 100 ml of B. cereus + 74% OPEFB + 13% zeolite + 13% dolomite (F4). The results showed that the application of all organic materials in the formulation had not been optimally able to increase every parameter of growth and production. However, the B. cereus + oil palm empty bunches (OPEFB) tended to be better for the percentage of effective root nodules and seed weight per 3 soybean plants.