bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A STUDY ON SPEAKING SKILL ACTIVITIES IN AR-ROHMAH ENGLISH COMMUNITY PROGRAM IN SMA AR-ROHMAH MALANG
Authors: Hayatinnufus Adnin
Published: July 2021

Ar-rohmah English Community is an extracurricular program which provides time and creates opportunity to learn English speaking skill. The aims of this study are to describe kinds of speaking activities used in Ar-Rohmah English Community Program in SMA Ar-Rohmah Malang, to find out the problems related to teaching and learning English speaking skill activities in AEC Program and to investigate the solutions for the problems. The use of research design in this study was descriptive qualitative in which the instrument used to get the data were observation, questionnaire and interview. It was presumed as the proper design in order to attain the purpose in overcoming and solving the research problems. This study obtained the data from twenty-four students and two English teachers who were involved in the AEC Program. After analyzing the data, it is found that English teachers use seven speaking activities in Ar-Rohmah English Community Program. Those seven activities are free speaking, card game, watching movie, interview, storytelling, science writing presentation and dialogue activities. Furthermore, the problems found related to teaching and learning English speaking skill are derived from linguistic and non-linguistic factors. From linguistic factors, it is found that the students face the difficulty on mastering vocabulary, choosing appropriate grammar, lacking of pronunciation experience and not habituated with English. Moreover, from non-linguistic factor, they are reluctant to speak in English because they are inhibited, have nothing to say, have low participation and feel ease and safe using mother tongue language. Besides, the teachers face the difficulty such as get tired to handle a large class with only two teachers, confused to choose suitable activity, do not remember students’ names, hard to motivate the students to speak in English and lack of preparation time. In addition, other activity which is Pandu Hidayatullah influences the students’ passion toward AEC Program. Dealing with those problems, the teachers keep creating creative, fun and interesting activity to improve the students’ vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation and familiarized the students with English. By creating regulations, they solve the problems of students’ low motivation to use English hard to push the students using English
TEACHING ENGLISH WITH STORY TELLING METHOD IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION TEACHERS
Authors: Amalia Arsyi Rizqia
Published: July 2021

The importance of English has an impact on the needs of future generations to learn English from an early age especially in Early Childhood Education and vocabulary is an important component that can support the mastery of all four language skills. Facing the difficulty of learning vocabulary, a method that is appropriate for the age of child development is needed. One of methods that could be used is story telling. The research method used in this research is qualitative descriptive. The sample in this study was six early childhood education teachers in Sukabumi. Data collecting techniques were presentations and questionnaires. The presentations were held twice, in front of peers of early childhood education teachers and in front of students of early childhood education. After presentation, the questionnaires were conducted related to the implementation of the story telling method to the teacher. Based on the data collected, Teaching English with  Story Telling Method give a good response with indicators shows that  the content of the story, the properties used, the variety of vocabulary taught, moral values based on the stories and the ability of delivering the English vocabulary were good and suitable with the age of early childhood education.
AN ANALYSIS OF AUTHENTIC MATERIAL USED IN TEACHING ENGLISH AT SD PURI ASAH DASAR AVESIENA GREEN SCHOOL MALANG
Authors: Primadona. Yuhalisana , Prastiyowati Santi
Published: July 2021

Authentic material is a material which is used by the purpose to imitate the real-world situations. In addition, the use of authentic material is expected to bring the learners into direct contact with a reality so the students will interest during the learning process. However, the objectives of the research were to investigate kinds of authentic material, to explore the implementation of authentic material, to find out the problem faced by the Englishteacher in using the authentic material of SD PuriAsah Dasar Avesiena Green School Malang. Descriptive qualitative research design was used in this study. The techniques in collecting the data were observation and unstructured interview while field notes and interview guide were used as the instruments. The subject of this research was an English teacher of SD PuriAsah Dasar Avesiena Green School Malang. The result of the research showed that there were forty-eight authentic materials were used in five times observations. The researcher classified those varieties of authentic materials into three kinds of authentic materials: by those forty-eight authentic materials, only one referred to Authentic Visual Material, two referred to Authentic Printed Material, and the rest forty-five referred to Realia which meant it was the most favorable Authentic Material used by the English teacher. In using the authentic material, the teacher usually conducted an outdoor class activity to find out the real object related to the topic. By seeing and holding the real thing, it made the students interested and experienced the real situation. In this case, the problem faced by the teacher was in finding the authentic material which adjusted the students’ grade and topic.
ERRORS IN QQ ONLINE CHATTING: A STUDY ON CHINESE ESL LEARNERS IN INDONESIAN UNIVERSITY
Authors: Rohayati Desi , Abidasari Erlyna
Published: July 2021

This study intends to investigate errors found in an online written platform used by Chinese students in English Language Education Department. The online platform observed in this study was QQ chatting, where students freely and without pressure utilize the application for everyday English communication. Most Chinese students have performed unorganized sentence patterns, resulting in meaning breakdown. This study employed qualitative case study design with five Chinese respondents. The researchers were actively involved in the QQ chatting as the participants; the discussion topics revolved around everyday communication topics, namely academic life, friendship, social interaction, and culture challenges. The data then were recorded weekly for one semester and analyzed through manuscript analysis from the recorded captures of the conversations. The findings suggest that there were various types of errors performed by Chinese students: omission, misformation, addition, misordering, and mixed-types. The most prominent one was omission with the total of twenty-eight times occurrence. The omission errors were divided into omission of nouns as in ‘today have sunshine’, omission of verbs as in ‘I don’t know here will so cold’, omission of auxiliary verbs as in ‘I eaten dinner’ and omission of verb inflections as in ‘Where are you go?’.The most commonly found omissions errors were due to the influence of Chinese first language where the speakers have totally different tenses and sentence organization with English.
VIRTUAL REALITY SYSTEM FOR JOB INTERVIEW APPLICATION: A DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH
Authors: Jailani Moh. Kholilurrahman , Nurbatra Laela Hikmah
Published: July 2021

Technology has become more sophisticated and widely used in pedagogical process. One of sophisticated technologies that is recently known and became attractive towards the public attention is Virtual Reality. This system applied simulated object and artificial environment like the real-world version. A need analysis conducted by Jailani (2017)on the use of VR for Business English students indicated that the students were interested and enthusiastic to learn job interview.The objective in the current research is to develop Virtual Reality System for Job Interview in Business English class at University of Muhammadiyah Malang. In doing so, the present research applied seven procedures in Research and Development design which aimed to develop some features and contents that are applied on Job Interview application. The subjects of this research are students from Business English (BE) class, English Language Education Department of UMM academic year 2016/2017. Observation, questionnaire, and documentation were employed to collect the data. The data were then transcribed and analyzed to reach the research purpose.The result revealed that the application is in very valid category that reached 93.33% for product and design validation; while 93.75% for content validation. Moreover, additional features were developed on stuffs, scoring system, and button to make the users more interested in using VR. In addition, it was found that the students of Business English as users were motivated and attracted in conducting job interview simulation through Virtual Reality
VOCABULARY LEARNING STRATEGY EMPLOYED BY HIGH-ACHIEVER UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AT MALANG
Authors: Putri Zizhi Meyretha , Wahyuni Erly
Published: July 2021

Learners should learn English language basic skills and also the components such as grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary. The learners will have a difficulty in understanding interlocutor’s mean or expressing their ideas without having a sufficient vocabulary. In learning vocabulary, students may have various strategies used to improve their vocabulary. High-achiever students are considered as students who perform well in school and have a high academic achievement. This research is conducted to find out the most common strategy in learning vocabulary used by high achiever students and the reasons in choosing the strategy. Mixed methods, which combine quantitative and qualitative research design was applied for this research. Then, the instruments of this research are questionnaire and interview. The researcher takes seventh-semester high-achiever students as population and 26 high-achiever students who have Grade Point Average (GPA) 3, 51 - above were taken as the sample of this research. The result showed that the most common strategy employed by high-achiever student is cognitive strategy with mean score of 79.8. The strategies involved were note-taking, highlighting, analyzing, dictionary-use, etc. The high-achiever students preferred to use cognitive strategy because it helped them in learning English skill, easy to apply, to make them speak English well, effective and also it is comfortable to use during learning process Therefore, appropriate learning strategies would help the students perform their English well.
Online Sales And Payment In Smes Financial Reporting Preparation
Authors: Kosadi Ferry , Ginting Wajib , Alamsyah Muhammad Iqbal
Published: July 2021

The objective to evaluate  relationship between online sales & payment to financial preparation Small & Medium Enterprises. Ecommerce provideautomationtransaction processing through various information technology platforms can have impact in recording transaction and financial reports preparation.Quantitative research method uses Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling analysis with descriptive analysis of financial reporting preparation.Result, greatest positive impact Online Payment to Recording Transactions and Online Sales to Financial Statements as well as ability to explain from recording Transactions and Financial Statements in Average Determination state. Average 66.7% positive responsestoservice online features, completeness, accuracy and product sales notifications, 81% support for online payment speed & ease processing, economic value and level of use, 75% support for recording transactions on completeness, simplification and data security and 60% understanding SAK, ease of use, consistency in use, desire to increase understanding accounting and economic value in preparing formal financial reports. Constraints from online sales to financial reporting include infrastructure readiness, human resource adaptation, investment costs and  Automation implementation. Overall evidence of digital transactions makes positive contribution to recording &reporting SMEs finances and becomes part of learning in the process of increasing digital iteration and digital transformation in the accounting sector.
Determinants Analysis For The Quality Of Village Financial Statements
Authors: Khotimah Chusnul , Bawono Icuk Rangga , Mustafa Rasyid Mei
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of human resource competence, utilization of information technology, and public participation on the quality of village financial statement. This is a quantitative study which used a survey method and questionnaire. Furthermore, the samples were obtained using double sampling method with a total of 172 villages in Banyumas Regency. The collection of primary data was from respondents' answers to the questionnaire instrument that was distributed to the village secretary or treasurer as the PTPKD. The results showed that human resource competence did not affect the quality of village financial statement, while the utilization of information technology and public participation had positive effects. Furthermore, the study has three implications, first, the government is specifically expected to make good utilization of the provided information technology. Secondly , it is hoped that the central and regional governments can provide more intensive education and training to villages, in order to improve the competence of human resources, namely the village officials. Thirdly, the central and local governments as policymakers need to develop policies that villages universally can follow and do not overlap with one another.
Expressions of authoritarianism in Facebook before the salience of news about crime in Peru
Authors: Román José José , Espinosa Agustin , Lewis Harry Michael
Published: July 2021

Under a context of public insecurity, the present study aims to analyse comments expressed in news about criminal acts published on the web pages of the main national newspapers during 2015. Comments were subject to content analysis and two analytical axes identified: (a) The expression of authoritarian beliefs and the implications of these beliefs for perceptions of offenders, and (b) a lack of trust in the public institutions of justice and its link with authoritarian response to criminality. The analysis of comments reveals a strong tendency towards endorsements of violent actions in dealing with crime supported by an authoritarian ideology. It was also found that distrust in the public institutions of justice is linked to support for extreme measures in order to eliminate the perceived threat. Limitations and suggestions for further research are discussed.
Ways to Increase the Responsibility of Local Governments in the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Akmataliev A. A. , Duisho kyzy Nurjan
Published: July 2021

The article of the authors is devoted to increasing the professionalism and responsibility of local selfgovernment bodies in the Kyrgyz Republic. In the context of deepening socio-economic reform, the role of local self-government bodies is growing. Over time, it becomes more and more obvious that our society will not be able to cope with the existing numerous problems if there is no effective activity and responsibility of local self-government bodies, the development of which is of great practical importance for the development of local communities and the state as a whole.
Economic and Political Aspects of the Serbia — EAEU Free Trade Area
Authors: Toropygin A. V.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the Serbia — EAEU relations development through the prism of the Agreement on the Free Trade Area (FTA) — between the integration association and the separate economy / country. The purpose of this study is to identify the prospects of the FTA taking into account Serbia’s desire to integrate into the European Union. The author come to the conclusion that intensive interaction, primarily between Serbia and Russia through the FTA between Serbia and the EAEU, is explained, on the one hand, by Serbia’s multi-vector foreign policy, and, on the other hand, by Russia’s attentive attitude to the course of the conflict over Kosovo. Russia has economic interests in this region, as well as the region is people-related value for Russia within which it has used and will intensively utilize of soft power mechanisms.
Eurasian Civilization in the Context of the Great Silk Road Logistics
Authors: Boiko I. V.
Published: July 2021

The significance of the Great Silk Road is interesting not only by its history, but by the knowledge, required for the better understanding of the current economic and political realities as well. The introduction of the new insights into the essence of the Eurasian trade route, its emergence and destruction studied under the projection on the contemporary processes, undermining the global supply chain represents the main idea of the given research. In the article, the Great Silk Road is represented in the logistics framework: generation of the freight flows, peculiarity of their material composition, the pathway trajectory architecture, creation of the necessary infrastructure. The significance of the spatial peculiarity, natural preconditions and advanced technologies for the freight generation, the international trade development and the Eurasian civilization emergence is emphasized. The paper reveals special logistic characteristics of silk as the initial chain in the ancient trade as well as the distinctive characteristics of transportation mode and freight. The political stability plays a significant role in the risk reduction for the freight turnover and for functioning of the international transportation system in general. The endogenous and exogenous reasons for the Great Silk Road breakdown are related with the increasing trade deficit between the East and West, the import substitution policy accepted by the European countries and increasing protectionism in their external trade relations. Exploring the Great Silk Road downfall, the author concludes about the contemporary global supply chain disruption causes, emphasizing the negative impact of the economic and political influence. The US-China trade war destroys the international trade. The COVID-19 pandemic tends the business localization. Ecological threats provide new requirements to the freight flows. The “pull strategy”, practiced by the logistic companies is steadily replacing by the “push strategy”. Moreover, China has been reducing investments into the trans-Eurasian project. That kind of instability could lead to a deep transformation of the international transportation systems as well as the system of the international relations in general. Russia should consider those new realities carefully when scheduling its international division of labour strategy.
«Единство многообразия» как конкурентное преимущество ЕАЭС
Authors: Глазьев С. Ю.
Published: July 2021

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INITIATIVES FOR THE SAFETY OF PEDESTRIANS IN ASIAN COUNTRIES: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Nazneen Numera , Zainol Rosilawati
Published: July 2021

Walking is a standard communication mode around the world. Despite its' importance, walking facilities are less prioritized, and pedestrians are often prone to many accidents, which denotes the essence of pedestrians' safety. To date, very few studies focus on comparing safety initiatives in different countries. This literature review aims at presenting the initiatives taken for pedestrians' safety, specifically in Asian countries, where the pedestrian death rate is on the rise. With the keywords (initiatives, safety, pedestrians), databases (WoS, Scopus, Science Direct), eligibility and exclusion criteria for the systematic literature review, 20 articles are selected using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. From the extracted data, initiatives taken for the safety of pedestrians are divided into two themes and eight sub-themes: for Specific Area (5 sub-themes) and Parts of Roadways (3 sub-themes). The result shows that most of the safety initiatives focused on different sections of roadways compared to the needs of areas specified for the respective affairs of a group of people. Also, regarding studies on safety initiatives, there is an insufficient exploration of safety measures for pedestrians by researchers. Thus, this study gives an idea of the initiatives prevailing for pedestrians' safety and the aspects that require special attention from the related authorities of different Asian countries. Researchers are recommended to conduct future research on sidewalk safety, adapt qualitative study and PRISMA method for improved systematic review reporting.
A responsabilização do advogado em face da emissão de parecer
Authors: Pinto Sepulveda Luciano
Published: July 2021

A tentativa de responsabilização do advogado em consequência da emissão de parecer jurídico para entidades públicas tem se intensificado nos últimos tempos, com propositura de Ações de Improbidades Administrativas e até mesmo Ações Penais por parte do Ministério Público. Ocorre que tais pareceres não têm poder decisório, nem são atos administrativos e espelham exatamente o entendimento do causídico acerca da matéria, ou seja, está na seara da liberdade de convicções inerentes aos pilares da advocacia, bem como, esbarra em forte corrente doutrinária e jurisprudencial que isenta de responsabilidade o parecerista, excetuando os casos onde houver presença de culpa em sentido lato ou cometimento de erro grave e inescusável.
De exceção à regra: uma anàlise jurisprudencial sobre o preenchimento das lacunas legais da prisão preventiva no estado do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Algarve Vizzotto Yngrid , Rech Graciano dos Santos Matheus
Published: July 2021

A presente pesquisa se propõe à análise do instituto da prisão preventiva, no intuito de verificar o sentido dado às amplas hipóteses legais a partir da análise de casos concretos. Para alcançar o objetivo visado, foi utilizado o método dedutivo de pesquisa, pela reunião de referencial teórico atinente ao tema, com a posterior análise de decisões judiciais em que aplicado o instituto. Foram analisadas decisões proferidas pelo Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, terminativas de recursos em sentido estrito interpostos pelo Ministério Público, que impuseram, como medida cautelar, a prisão preventiva. A partir dos dados, foi realizada uma análise profunda das decisões que decretaram a prisão, delineando-se quais foram os argumentos concretos para a prisão, em que se destacam a reincidência e o risco de reiteração delitiva. Desse estudo, concluiu-se que, ainda que a prisão preventiva seja caracterizada como medida excepcional pelo direito penal, na prática, o que se enxerga é uma verdadeira desconsideração aos direitos e princípios constitucionais legalmente previstos, a exemplo da presunção da inocência, justificados pelo caráter punitivista da técnica penal.
Pengaruh Sarana Air Bersih Dan Kondisi Jamban Terhadap Kejadian Diare Pada Balita Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tipo
Authors: Rau Muhammad Jusman , Novita Sri
Published: July 2021

Keadaan sanitasi yang buruk dapat menjadi media penularan berbagai penyakit yang meliputi, pembuangan kotoran, penyediaan air bersih dan sistem pembuangan air limbah. Hal ini dapat memicu terjadinya penyakit menular, seperti Diare. Persentase capaian kasus diare pada tahun 2019 di Puskesmas Tipo sebesar 60,22%. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh sarana air bersih dan kondisi jamban terhadap kejadian diare pada balita. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah semua balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tipo sebanyak 1.005, menggunakan rumus Standley Lameshow diperoleh jumlah sampel 113 balita diambil secara stratified random sampling. Data diolah secara univariat, untuk melihat hubungan antara variabel dependen dan independen (bivariat) digunakan uji regresi logistik biner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh antara kualitas air bersih ( nilai sig=0,000) terhadap kejadian diare pada balita, serta tidak ada pengaruh antara jenis sarana air bersih (nilai sig=0,367), risiko pencemaran saran air bersih (nilai sig=0,367), dan kondisi jamban (nilai sig=0,133) terhadap kejadian diare pada balita. Diharapkan kepada masyarakat yang memiliki air yang keruh agar melakukan penyaringan dan dimasak dengan baik terlebih dahulu sebelum air tersebut dikonsumsi.
Increasing soil organic carbon sequestration and yield stability simultaneously through combined no-tillage and straw return in wheat-maize rotation
Authors: Shi Jianglan , Li Shuo , Li Xiushuang , Tian Xiaohong
Published: July 2021

Knowledge about the changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and
grain yields under different tillage and straw management is necessary
to assess the feasibility and sustainability of conservation
agriculture. An 8-year experiment was conducted in an intensive wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.)–maize (Zea mays L.) rotation system in the
southern Loess Plateau of China. Three tillage methods [control with
no-tillage and straw removal (CK), no-tillage with straw stubbles 30–40
cm in height (NT), and rotary tillage with straw incorporation (RT)]
were applied before maize planting, and two straw treatments [straw
return (SR) and no straw return (SR0)] were applied after maize
harvest. Thus, the treatments included CK-SR, CK-SR0, NT-SR, NT-SR0,
RT-SR, and RT-SR0. Over 8 years, the SOC stock exhibited similar dynamic
trends in all treatments, but was higher in NT, RT, and SR plots than in
CK-SR0 plots. Compared with the initial soil, the SOC stock increased
largest (34.1%) in NT-SR. Compared with the CK-SR0, the NT-SR, RT-SR,
CK-SR, NT-SR0 and RT-SR0 increased the wheat grain yield by 47.2%,
36.8%, 24.9%, 25.1%, and 20.0%, respectively. The NT, RT and SR
increased crop yield stability with the highest sustainable yield index
in NT-SR for both wheat (0.67) and maize (0.70). This study showed the
NT-SR was the best strategy for improving SOC stocks, grain yields and
agricultural sustainability for the wheat-maize rotation system in
northwestern China and other areas with similar climates and cropping
systems.
Arteria Lusoria: A rare cause of chronic dysphagia
Authors: Laingonirina Domoina Hasina , Rakotozafindrabe Andry , Razafindrazoto Chantelli , Rajaonarison Lova , Randramifidy Nitah , Rabenjanahary Tovo , Razafimahefa Soloniaina , Ramanampamonjy Rado
Published: July 2021

Arteria lusoria is a rare vascular malformation. It remains a rare cause
of dysphagia which should be considered in the face of any dysphagia
unexplained by the usual endoscopic and radiological investigations.
Long-term outcomes following surgical repair of coronary artery fistula in adults
Authors: Wada Yuki , Marui Akira , Arai Yoshio , Nagasawa Atsushi , Tsumaru Shinichi , Arakaki Ryoko , Iida Jun , Kuroda Yuki , Tamai Yumeka , Fukushima Takashi , Soga Yoshiharu
Published: July 2021

Background and aim of the study: Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is a
relatively rare cardiac anomaly. We investigated long-term outcomes
following surgical repair of CAF in adults. Methods: We retrospectively
investigated 13 consecutive patients undergoing surgical repair of CAF
in our institution between 2008 and 2019 (67.3±10.4 years old, 38%
male). CAF types were coronary artery-pulmonary artery fistula (77%),
coronary artery-coronary sinus fistula (15%), and both (8%). CAFs
originated from the left coronary artery (38%), right coronary artery
(8%), and bilateral coronary arteries (38%). Pulmonary and systemic
flow (Qp/Qs) was measured in seven patients (54%), with a mean value of
1.52. Seven patients underwent surgery for CAFs alone, and others
simultaneously underwent surgery for comorbid cardiac diseases. Results:
All procedures were conducted under cardiopulmonary bypass. Surgical
procedures were direct epicardial ligation of fistula (92%), direct
closure of CAF through pulmonary artery incision (38%), direct closure
of CAF through coronary sinus incision (8%), or patch closure of CAF
through coronary artery incision (8%). Myocardial perfusion
scintigraphy showed asymptomatic myocardial ischemia in the right
coronary area after surgery in one patient. There were no deaths
perioperatively or during follow-up (mean 66.6 months). There were no
coronary or other CAF-related events. Conclusions: Several anatomical
variations in CAF were observed which coexist with cardiac disease.
Long-term outcomes following surgical repair were satisfactory, and the
concurrent intervention of CAFs during surgery for comorbid cardiac
disease is useful to prevent future complications related CAFs in
adults.
Epidemiology and risk factors for gallstones in the paediatric and adult population in the city of Al-Ahsa
Authors: alfuraikh samia , algubaisi sara , ALhamad lubna , Hussein Khadiga Mahmoud
Published: July 2021

Background and Aims: Cholelithiasis is a common upper gastrointestinal
tract disorder in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Analyses of risk factors
for gallstone formation may explain the need for lifestyle
modifications. Therefore, our aim was to identify sex- and age-related
differences in the prevalence and risk factors for gallstones among
Saudi individuals in the city of Al-Ahsa. Methods: The medical records
of patients, ≥1 year of age, with a radiologically confirmed diagnosis
of gallstones, between 2014 through 2016, were retrieved and relevant
demographic and clinical data extracted. Risk factors for cholelithiasis
for all age groups were identified. Results: A total of 618 patients had
radiologically confirmed gallstones over the 3-year period of
observation. The prevalence was higher among females than males (73%
versus 27%, respectively) in all age groups. In the paediatric group,
the prevalence of gallstones was higher among girls with obesity and
those with sickle cell disorders. Advanced age, a higher body mass
index, high low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, and cholesterol
were independently associated with cholelithiasis in both gender of all
age groups. Hepatitis B and C were not found to be risk factors for
cholelithiasis. Conclusions: Older age, female sex, a high body mass
index, and hyperlipidaemia are major risk factors for gall stones
formation among all age groups. Haemolytic anaemia, namely sickle cell
disease, is a prevalent risk factor in paediatric population.
Independent predictors of forecasting the course of congenital HIV infection in children
Authors: Denisenko V. B. , Simovanyan E. M.
Published: July 2021

The purpose is to characterize the clinical and laboratory parameters in children with different rates of congenital HIV infection progression and, based on the data obtained, to develop independent predictors of forecasting the course of the disease.

Research methods. The comparison of clinical, immunological and virological parameters in 91 children with HIV infection with rapid (26%) and slow progression of the disease (74%) was carried out. The criterion for the rapid progression of HIV infection was considered the development of the AIDS clinic in the first two years of life.

Results. Testing of clinical, immunological and virological parameters in a multivariate logistic regression model revealed independent predictors of rapid progression in children aged 6 months — HIV blood viral load more than 1 00 000 cop./ml (odds ratio OR 23.9; 95% confidence interval 95% CI 4.6—71.8; P < 0.001) and a decrease of blood CD4-lymphocytes less than 25% (OR 6.3; 95% CI 1.2—33.4; P = 0.029). The predictor «HIV blood viral load more than 100 000 cop./ml» was characterized by a higher sensitivity (91.3%), specificity (97.1 %) compared to the indicator «CD4 lymphocyte count less than 25%» (88.2% and 86.9%).

Conclusion. In 26% of children with HIV infection, there is a rapid progression of the disease with the development of AIDS clinic during the first two years of life. The independent predictors of forecasting an unfavorable course of the disease are HIV blood viral load of more than 1 00 000 cop./ml and a decrease in CD4 lymphocytes in the blood of less than 25% at the age of 6 months. The level of viremia seems to be more preferable for predicting the course of HIV infection in children due to its high sensitivity and specificity.
Features of the intestinal microbiota in children with intestinal parasitosis
Authors: Kovaleva O. V. , Lityaeva L. A.
Published: July 2021

The aimof the research is to study the features of the intestinal microbiota in children with parasitic invasions.

Clinical and microbiological examination of 40 children aged from 9 months to 1 0 years with functional disorders of the intestine was carried out, in 20 of whom intestinal parasitoses were detected (15 of them — ascariasis, 5 — intestinal lambliosis) — the main group. The comparison group consisted of 20 other children with functional disorders of the intestine without intestinal parasitosis.

All children underwent: assessment of the course of the ante-neonatal periods, the nature of feeding and clinical symptoms of intestinal parasitosis; triple study of feces for eggs of worms and protozoa in the enrichment environment of Turdyev, coprocytogram, biochemical analysis of feces, ultrasound of internal organs. To identify the quantitative content of the main groups of normobiota, species composition and spectrum of opportunistic bacteria and viruses, the method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of intestinal microbial markers was used.

It was found that in children with intestinal parasitosis, already at the prenatal stage of the formation of the intestinal microbiota, risk factors were recorded that negatively affect the composition of the forming microbiota, associated with functional disorders of the digestive tract from the first days of life.

The degree of deficiency of normobiota, as well as the spectrum of opportunistic bacteria in children with parasitic invasions, was greater: 14 types of bacteria in combination with herpes viruses versus 9 in the comparison group. Association Clostridium spp. — Herpes virus against the background of a deficiency of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli acts as a dominant association in the relationship with intestinal parasitosis.
Impact of COVID-19 on mortality in Croatia
Authors: Cipin Ivan , Mustac Dario , Medjimurec Petra
Published: July 2021

The main goal of this paper is to assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic
on mortality in Croatia. We estimate two effects of the pandemic on
mortality: (1) excess mortality during 2020 and (2) the age- and
cause-specific components of life expectancy decline in 2020. We calculate
excess mortality in 2020 as the difference between the registered number of
deaths in 2020 and the expected number of deaths from a Poisson regression
model based on weekly death counts and population exposures by age and sex
from 2016 to 2019. Using decomposition techniques, we estimate age- and
cause-specific components (distinguishing COVID-19-related deaths from
deaths from other causes) of life expectancy decline in 2020. Our results
show that excess mortality in 2020 almost entirely results from the second,
autumn-winter wave of the epidemic in Croatia. Expectedly, we find the
highest excess in deaths in older age groups. In Croatia, life expectancy in
2020 fell by almost eight months for men and about seven months for women.
This decline is mostly attributable to COVID-19-related mortality in older
ages, especially among men.
The Attenuation of Diabetic Nephropathy by Annexin A1 via Regulation of Lipid Metabolism through AMPK/PPARα/CPT1b Pathway
Authors: Wu Liang , Liu Changjie , Chang Dong-Yuan , Zhan Rui , Zhao Mingming , Lam Sin Man , Shui Guanghou , Zhao Ming-Hui , Zheng Lemin , Chen Min
Published: July 2021

Inflammation and abnormal
metabolism play important roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy
(DN). Annexin A1 (ANXA1) contributes to inflammation resolution and improves
metabolism. Here, we assess the effects of ANXA1 in diabetic mice and proximal
tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) treated with high glucose plus palmitate acid
(HGPA), and explore the association of ANXA1 with lipid accumulation in DN
patients. It is found that ANXA1 deletion aggravates renal injuries, including
albuminuria, mesangial matrix expansion and tubulointerstitial lesions in
HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice. ANXA1 deficiency promotes intra-renal lipid accumulation
and drives mitochondrial alterations in kidneys. In addition, Ac2-26, an ANXA1
mimetic peptide, has a therapeutic effect against
lipid toxicity in diabetic mice. In
HGPA-treated human PTECs, ANXA1 silencing causes FPR2/ALX-driven
deleterious effects, which suppress phosphorylated Thr172AMPK,
resulting in decreased PPARα and CPT1b expression and increased HGPA-induced
lipid accumulation, apoptosis and elevated expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic
genes. Last but not least, the extent of lipid accumulation correlates with
renal function, and the level of tubulointerstitial ANXA1 expression correlates
with ectopic lipid deposition in kidneys of DN patients. These data demonstrate
that ANXA1 regulates lipid metabolism of PTECs to ameliorate disease
progression, hence it holds great potential as a therapeutic target for DN.
Agronomic Biofortification of Zinc in Lentil
Authors:   Dept. of Agronomy, Institute of Agriculture (Palli Siksha Bhavana), Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan, Birbhum, W.B. (731 236), India, Karmakar Mrinmoy , Sarkar Narayan Chandra ,   Dept. of Agronomy, Institute of Agriculture (Palli Siksha Bhavana), Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan, Birbhum, W.B. (731 236), India, Shivay Yashbir Singh ,   Division of Agronomy, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi (110 012), India
Published: July 2021

The field experiments were conducted to study effect of zinc (Zn) application on growth, yield, Zn uptake and Zn use indices of lentil (Lens culinaris or Lens esculanta) during rabi (October to March) seasons 2016 and 2017 in red and lateritic soil of West Bengal, India. There were two main plot treatments i.e., crop establishment methods (zero tillage and conventional tillage) and seven sub-plot treatments i.e. levels of Zn and methods of application (seed coating @ 0.6% ZnSO4.7H2O, 1.2% ZnSO4.7H2O and 1.8% ZnSO4.7H2O, two foliar sprays @ 0.5% ZnSO4.7H2O, three foliar sprays @ 0.5% ZnSO4.7H2O, seed coating @ 1.2% ZnSO4.7H2O+two foliar sprays @ 0.5% ZnSO4.7H2O and control were laid out in split plot design replicated thrice. The crop establishment methods did not show any significant influence on growth, yield and nutrient uptake by lentil. However, among the levels of Zn and methods of application, seed coating @ 1.8% ZnSO4.7H2O produced significantly taller plants, more leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and yield. Regarding Zn concentration, combination of seed coating and foliar application @ 1.2% ZnSO4.7H2O+two foliar sprays @ 0.5% ZnSO4.7H2O resulted in significantly higher concentration than other treatments. Zn use efficiency was significantly higher (seed coating @ 1.2% ZnSO4.7H2O for agronomic efficiency and physiological efficiency, seed coating @ 0.6% ZnSO4.7H2O for partial factor productivity and seed coating @ 1.8% ZnSO4.7H2O for apparent Zn recovery) as compared to that of foliar application or combined application of seed coating and foliar spray.
Effect of Different NPK Levels on Fodder Production of Sudan Grass (Sorghum bicolor var. Sudanese)
Authors:   Dept. of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P. (221 005), India, Singh Shiv Raj , Singh Manoj Kumar ,   Dept. of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P. (221 005), India, - Aakash ,   Dept. of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P. (221 005), India, Meena Kamlesh ,   Krishi Vigyan Kendra (ICAR- IIVR), Malhana, Deoria, U.P. (274 506), India, Vishwakarma S. P. ,   Dept. of forestry, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, C.G. (492 012),  India
Published: July 2021

A field experiment was conducted at R.G.S.C, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India during 2016 in kharif season (Sep.-Oct.) The aim was to evaluate the effect of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium level on fodder production of sudan grass (Sorghum bicolor var. Sudanese) for optimization of growth and yield, crude protein content and economics of sudan grass. The experimental was laid out in split plot design with four levels of nitrogen i.e. 60 kg N ha1, 80 kg N ha1, 100 kg N ha1 and 120 kg N ha-1 as main plot treatments and in the sub-plot three levels of phosphorus and potassium i.e. 30 kg P2O5+20 kg K2O ha-1, 40 kg P2O5+25 kg K2O ha-1 and 50 kg P2O5+30 kg K2O ha-1) were taken. The research findings revealed that application of nitrogen @ 120 kg ha-1 resulted maximum growth characters i.e. plant height (191.25 cm), number of leaf (8.02 plant-1), fresh weight (124.47 g plant-1), dry weight (21.10 g plant-1) and green fodder production (11455 kg ha-1), and as well as recorded maximum crude protein of sudan grass. The higher net return (` 7920.32 ha1) was also recorded with nitrogen @ 120 kg ha-1 and in case of levels of phosphorus and potassium the application of 50 kg P2O5+30 kg K2O ha-1 enhanced the growth, yield, quality and economics of sudan grass.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN LAGU TERHADAP KEAKTIFAN SISWA DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DI KELAS 3 SD KRISTEN SAINT JOHN BEKASI
Authors: Samuel Slamet Santosa Donald , Christupar Mikhael
Published: July 2021

This research departs from the problem of the poor quality of online learning carried out by teachers since the Covid-19 pandemic. This causes low students activeness and learning outcomes. The purpose of this study was to increase students’ activeness and learning outcomes in the classroom through the media of songs. Furthermore, this research was to increase students’ learning outcomes. The research method used was Classroom Action Research (CAR) with the model used by Kemmis & Tagart. The object of the research was students of class 3B with a total of 21 students at Saint John Christian Elementary School in Indonesian Language subject. Data collection using an assessment rubric to measure student activity and a test to measure student learning outcomes. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results obtained on student activeness were that students who were categorized as very active and active reached 90% of students in the second cycle. On student learning outcomes, the results obtained are students who get complete results on student learning outcomes in the pre-cycle are 50% of students, in cycle 1 there are 89% of students and in cycle 2 are 91%. From these results, it has exceeded the target of the target, which should be 90% of students complete their learning outcomes. The conclusion is song learning media is able to increase students’ activeness and learning outcomes. This research is suggested for the teachers to use song learning media to increase student activeness and student learning outcomes.
PERSEPSI PERSEPSI MAHASISWA PGSD TERHADAP PERKULIAHAN ONLINE DI MASA PANDEMIK COVID-19
Authors: Arita Lakapu Pifa , S. M Benu Rince , Missa Merni
Published: July 2021

Online learning is a learning system established along the pandemic covid-19 era. This study is aimed at describing students’ perceptions on online learning along covid-19 period. The data was gathered thought the levering questionnaire and interview process. The sample covered 76 students of PGSD study programs STKIP Soe. The result showed that 64% students supported the use online learning science increases students competence in using technology, materials can be accessed easily, anytime, anywhere, the materials are easy to understand and decrease expenses on transportation. There were 68,5% students said that there were hindrances’ related to the system that covered look of internet access, and look of the facilities there were 54% student shared their expectation to have online learning system in the next semester and also face to face learning system especially for math programs strengthen their understanding on the materials. The learning process should also be delivered by implementation of interesting creative and innovative method to create conducive and comfortable learning process.
Keywords: Perception, Online Learning, Pandemic Covid-19
EVALUASI PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA SECARA DARING MATERI MENULIS PUISI KELAS IV SD NEGERI 3 BATURAGUNG
Authors: Naili Rohmah Izzatin , Lestari Wahyu
Published: July 2021

This research aims to determine the implementation of evaluation in Indonesian learning online for writing poetry at fourth grade SD Negeri 3 Baturagung. This study uses qualitative method with data collection techniques observation, interviews, and documentation. The data sources are teachers, parents and students. Since the Covid-19 pandemic hit, learning activities at SD Negeri 3 Baturagung was carried out by WhatsApp application. The results showed that the evaluation model is portofolio-based evaluation. In this implementation, there are several problems like limited availability of electronic devices, unstable signals and limited use of the WhatsApp application. The resolutions is if students do not have cellphones, they can ask their relatives to help for send their assignments. Students can write down the evaluation at assignment book, then collect it to school once a week. If students not understand the material, other students can share structured examples steps to work according to the guidelines provided by the teacher.
PERAN GURU DALAM PENGELOLAAN KELAS TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Mutiaramses Mutiaramses , S Neviyarni , Murni Ida
Published: July 2021

Pengelolaan kelas merupakan salah satu factor penentu keberhasilan peserta didik dalam mencapai tujuan pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran guru dalam pengelolaan kelas terhadap hasil belajar siswa di Sekolah Dasar. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis kajian literature. Semua data diambil dari literature berupa jurnal dan buku. Hasil penelitian secara umum menunjukkan bahwa jika pengelolaan kelas yang dilakukan oleh guru baik, maka hasil belajar peserta didikpun tinggi dan begitu sebaliknya. Jika pengelolaan kelas tidak baik, maka hasil belajar peserta didik cenderung rendah.
Technology of design of the pedagogical process, which is the result of the constructive efficiency of the teacher
Authors: Samoilenko Nelia , Kaliuzhka Nataliia , Onyshchenko Nataliіa , Opachko Magdalyna , Pustovalov Sergii , Zhukov Oleksandr
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the modern meaning of the terms "pedagogical technology", "teaching technology" is revealed with an emphasis on the leading link "technology" - this is a means (s) of teaching, and also that pedagogical design from a technological point of view is a system, the main components of which are high general culture, humanistic orientation, professional knowledge and skills, creativity and pedagogical, technological competence. It is shown that manufacturability gives pedagogical design a different quality, a different essence - the mastery of teaching technologies, design etc., and not the method of presenting information. Mastery of pedagogical technologies improves pedagogical design.