bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences in Levels of Parental Stress among Mothers of Learning Disabled, Emotionally Impaired, and Regular School Children
Authors: Fuller Gerald B. , Rankin Robert E.
Published: August 2011

This study examined the stress among mothers of children in regular and special education. The sample of 45 mothers had children enrolled in public schools from Kindergarten to Grade 8. To three groups, Group 1 of mothers with children in regular education, Group 2 of mothers with children classified as learning disabled, and Group 3 of mothers with children classified as emotionally impaired, the Parenting Stress Index was given to examine whether differences in stress among groups were significant. An analysis of variance and Tukey's HSD indicated significant differences in the Child Domain and on certain child subscales (Acceptability, Mood, Distractibility, Reinforcement), with Group 3 scoring significantly higher than Group 1. Groups 2 and 3 scored significantly higher on the Total Child Domain than Group 1. Group 3 also scored higher than Group 1 on the Parent Domain and on the sum of both domains.
Collinearity Judgment as a Function of Induction Angle
Authors: Greene Ernest
Published: August 2011

The misalignment which is seen in the Poggendorff illusion can be studied with better control by using a configuration which has only two line segments. Two experiments were conducted in which subjects judged collinearity of a test segment, this judgment being subjected to a biasing influence from a second (induction) segment. Exp. 1 held the test segment at one of three orientations relative to the observer (30°, 45°, and 60°) and systematically varied the orientation of the induction segment in 15° increments through the range of possible positions. The orientation of the page relative to the observer was varied as well. Exp. 2 varied the test segment through a greater range of angles and sampled more levels of induction segment orientation. Analysis indicated that projection errors follow orderly rules similar in kind to but different in magnitude from those observed for the Tilt Illusion, most notably, (a) misprojection is greatest when the orientation of the interfering line is similar to that of the line segment being projected and (b) the strength of this influence decreases as the relative angle becomes orthogonal. Also, the orientation of the segment being projected relative to the observer serves to modulate the strength of the basic induction effect. These perceptual interactions are discussed in relation to neural models for orientation selectivity.
Identification of Levels of Self-Identity
Authors: Pedersen Darhl M.
Published: August 2011

Beginning with an open-ended technique in which subjects suggested attributes of self-identity, a forced-choice instrument for measuring the centrality of self-attributes was developed. 143 undergraduates enrolled in psychology courses at a large church-related university were examined. Mean ranks were used to represent the centrality of self-identity attributes. Those mean ranks were analyzed using analysis of variance and factor analysis. Religious and Familial Identifications were most central to self-identity. Self-evaluations were next most central, and Public Labels were least central. While the specific findings were limited somewhat to the group studied, the viability of a centrality model of self-identity was demonstrated.
Predictability and Stability of Professional Golf Association Tour Statistics
Authors: Belkin David S. , Gansneder Bruce , Pickens Morris , Rotella Robert J. , Striegel David
Published: August 2011

Professional Golf Association (PGA) statistics for the years 1986–1988 were analyzed to assess their value as predictive tools. Previous studies have not yielded a consensus regarding whether PGA statistics can be used to predict outcome, but preliminary indications suggested that hitting greens in regulation is the most important factor in maintaining a low scoring average. Using a stepwise multiple-regression procedure, the present study confirmed this finding as stable over a three-year period. It is concluded that replication of previous findings and stability of relationships over time suggest that the selected PGA statistics aie a useful predictive tool.
Parents' and Children's Expectations about Irlen (Tinted) Lenses
Authors: Cotton M. M. , Evans K. M.
Published: August 2011

Additional unpublished data are presented from a study by Cotton and Evans in 1990 on the use of Irlen (tinted) lenses as an intervention for 22 children with a reading disability. These data reinforce rhe earlier conclusion that the random facilitatory effects of the lenses are very likely attributional and motivational in nature.
Biased Evaluations of Highly Identified Sport Spectators: A Response to Hirt and Ryalls
Authors: Wann Daniel L.
Published: August 2011

In 1994 Wann and Dolan reported a bias among highly identified fans concerning estimates of past and future team performance. Hirt and Ryalls subsequently argued that this bias is limited to fans of successful teams. The current article presents data for 56 subjects supporting the results of Wann and Dolan for fans of unsuccessful teams.
Effects of Sex and Sex Roles on Avoidance of Same- and Opposite-Sex Touch
Authors: Crawford C. B.
Published: August 2011

Touch and touch avoidance are important facets of interpersonal relations. Touch avoidance has been related to sex, but the relationship between touch and sex roles has not been widely substantiated. 259 undergraduate students participated in a procedure designed to test the relationship between sex, sex roles, and same-sex and opposite-sex touch avoidance. Significant differences were reported between men and women on same-sex touch avoidance but not on opposite-sex touch avoidance. Participants high on androgyny reported less same-sex and opposite-sex touch avoidance than did subjects low on androgyny. No interactive effect between sex and androgyny was found for either same-sex or opposite-sex touch avoidance. Regression procedures indicated predictive models for sex and androgyny in relation to same-sex and opposite-sex touch avoidance. Specific conclusions regarding the relationships among sex, androgyny, and touch avoidance were stated.
Internal Consistency of the Group Environment Questionnaire Modified for University Residence Settings
Authors: Carron Albert V. , Ramsay Michael C.
Published: August 2011

The Group Environment Questionnaire, developed to assess cohesiveness in sport teams, was modified for use in a university residence environment. To examine the internal consistency values of the modified questionnaire, 223 women and 145 men completed the form. Cronbach alphas for ATG-Task, ATG-Social, GI-Task, and Gl-Social were .81, .75, .73, and .83, respectively. These values are superior to those reported for the original version.
Reliability Estimates for Total, Factor, and Group Mean Scores on the Khatena-Torrance Creative Perception Inventory
Authors: Morse David T.
Published: August 2011

Responses of 31 samples of adults ( N = 2503) and 37 samples of children ( N = 7048) to the two parts of the Khatena-Torrance Creative Perception Inventory were used to estimate internal consistency reliabilities for total scales and factor scores and to estimate the reliability of group means. The information may be helpful to users of Something About Myself and What Kind of Person Are You? when deciding what typical reliabilities to expect or in planning studies involving the measures. The analyses suggest (a) only total scores for the inventories may approach acceptable reliability for making decisions about individuals, (b) factor scores tend to be less reliable so they may only be acceptable for making decisions about groups, and (c) reliabilities of group means for total scores are acceptable for groups of about 40 adults or 65 children.
Students' Learning of Volleyball Skills
Authors: Gusthart J. Len , Kelly I. W. , Graham T.
Published: August 2011

An examination of 222 students' learning of skill in volleyball was conducted in classes. Analysis indicated that over an eight-lesson unit performance for both serve and forearm pass improved. When classes were the unit of analysis five classes showed significant improvement on the serve and four on the pass. Present data provide a base for study of instructional effectiveness in physical education.
Differences among Slopes and Intercepts for Regression Lines Predicting Children's Connotative and Denotative Knowledge of Familiar and Unfamiliar Words on the Basis of Age
Authors: Sommerville Wendy , Whissell Cynthia
Published: August 2011

90 children from Grades 2, 4, and 6 were asked to define words and to rate them in terms of emotional meaning. Significant differences among criterion means and among slopes and intercepts of lines predicting definitional and emotional accuracy on the basis of age suggest that knowledge about the pleasantness of familiar words (pleasantness accuracy) begins early, is high, and asymptotes earlier in comparison to definitional knowledge or to the WISC—R Vocabulary subtest in which knowledge (accuracy) begins to grow at a later age, grows faster, and does not reach the same over-all mean.
Assessment of Cognitive Appraisal and Coping Linkages Using Two Forms of Canonical Correlation
Authors: Scherer Robert F. , Coleman Joseph C. , Drumheller Philip M. , Owen Crystal L.
Published: August 2011

As a conceptual framework for research on stress and coping, the transactional model of Lazarus and Folkman is process-oriented and requires methodologies that capture the process nature of cognitive appraisal and coping across stages of a transaction. Two forms of canonical correlation were used to analyze strength of association measures between pairs of cognitive appraisal and coping variable sets for 138 student subjects. Analysis indicated that, when an environmental transaction includes more than one time period, the generalized canonical correlation approach may offer some advantages in assessing linkage strength over the pairwise method.
Organizational Factors Influencing Work Habits
Authors: Burke Ronald J.
Published: August 2011

1608 employees of a single professional services firm rank-ordered four influences on their work habits. Meeting clients' and customers' requirements ranked first, followed by their own expectations, bosses' expectations, and coworkers' expectations. Differences in rankings were found as functions of organizational level but not sex of respondent.
Aesthetic Responses to Traditional and Modern Paintings by Art Experts and Nonexperts
Authors: Parrott A. C.
Published: August 2011

16 art experts and 18 nonexperts assessed six paintings of different styles. It was predicted that nonexperts would like traditional paintings, whereas art experts would prefer modern styles, but this was not found. Instead, both groups produced their highest ratings for one of the modern abstracts (Klee), while the nonexperts rated the two modern representational paintings (German Expressionist) more highly than the experts.
Preliminary Study of the Bilingual Version of Creative Motivation Inventory
Authors: Palaniappan Ananda Kumar
Published: August 2011

A bilingual version of Torrance's Creative Motivation Inventory was administered to 64 Malaysian students. The 28-item true-false self-report was found to have moderate to high test-retest reliability and criterion validity. Replication with other groups is recommended.
Lingual Vibrotactile Magnitude-Estimation Scaling Using a Limited Set of Suprathreshold Stimulus Intensities
Authors: Fucci Donald , Harris Daniel , Petrosino Linda , Banks Molly
Published: August 2011

The purpose of the present study was to assess feasibility of lingual vibrotactile suprathreshold testing with a limited number of intensities. 25 subjects ranging in age from 18 to 26 years ( M = 19 yr.) participated. Two magnitude-estimation scaling tasks were presented to each subject with 1 wk. between tasks. One magnitude-estimation task involved eight suprathreshold intensities and the other involved four. Statistical analyses showed that there was no difference in subjects' responses to the two scaling efforts. In pure research endeavors it might make sense to continue to obtain as many magnitude-scaling data points as possible, but practical prudence may dictate a limited set of suprathreshold intensities for efficiency and subjects' comfort.
A Semantic Priming Test of Bilingual Language Storage and the Compound vs Coordinate Bilingual Distinction with Latvian-English Bilinguals
Authors: Larsen Janet D. , Fritsch Thomas , Grava Silvia
Published: August 2011

The unified and separate storage models of bilingual language storage and the compound vs coordinate bilingual distinction were tested with a semantic priming test using 47 Latvian-English bilinguals, some of whom learned the two languages at the same time and in the same environment and some of whom learned the two languages at different times and in different environments. Subjects named target words in their two languages, preceded by related or unrelated words in the same or a different language. Analyses of naming latencies provided no evidence of the compound vs coordinate distinction; however, results provided evidence favoring the separate storage model and suggested that seeing a word in a one language prepared the person to say another word in the same language.
Increasing Awareness of Sleep Hygiene in Rotating Shift Workers: Arming Law-Enforcement Officers against Impaired Performance
Authors: Holbrook Mark I. , White Melinda H. , Hutt Michelle J.
Published: August 2011

Research into the effects of rotating shift work on health, social, and performance indices suggests significantly more health concerns and judgement errors and poorer sleep patterns in shift workers on rotating versus nonrotating schedules. 31 male and 7 female law-enforcement officers voluntarily participated in a training session on sleep hygiene practices. On the Sleep Hygiene Awareness and Practice Scale administered prior to and after training were significant increases in awareness of sleep hygiene and knowledge of nicotine, caffeine, and hypnotics. We predicted that use of this knowledge would increase sleep satisfaction. However, 1-mo. follow-up scores on the Post-sleep Inventory of Webb, et al. reflected no change. It appears that scheduling demands, coupled with feelings of low self-efficacy toward managing those demands, resulted in little or no practice of sleep hygiene. A more productive approach may be to incorporate a comprehensive behavioral program within departments to instill and reinforce better practice of sleep hygiene.
Motor Apraxia in Dementia
Authors: Taylor Robert
Published: August 2011

Motor apraxia was assessed in 25 patients with presumed dementia of the Alzheimer type and 23 patients with presumed multi-infarct dementia. Apraxia was common in both groups and was usually only mild. It correlated most strongly with language-related impairments in the Alzheimer group, as has been found in other patient groups, whereas in the group with multi-infarct dementia the pattern of correlations was less clear. It was not strongly related to performance on tests involving constructional praxis or to age in either group. Implications of the findings for clinical assessment are noted.
Analysis of Students' Perceptual Styles and Their Use of Multimedia
Authors: Frey Diane K.
Published: August 2011

The relationships between students' perceptual styles (field independence-dependence-neutral) and the students' preferences for visual images as well as written text and narrative sound within a multimedia lesson have been studied. Of particular importance was the students' study time (minutes) among three media. 70 students of historic costume completed the Group Embedded Figures Test and a multimedia lesson distinguishing costumes of 1875, 1880, and 1885. Significantly more time was spent studying both visual images and written text than in listening to narrative sound; however, visual images were selected significantly more often than text or sound, in that order. Subjects chose and studied detailed fashion illustrations significantly more than the simplified line drawings and significantly increased their knowledge about costumes of 1875 to 1885. No association of students' perceptual style with any assessment procedure was noted.
Suicide in Wide-Open Spaces
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

As predicted, suicide rates were associated negatively with population density and positively with population growth for the continental states of America in 1980.
Psychometric Equivalence of the Hasegawa Dementia Scale—Revised with the Mini-Mental State Examination in Stroke Patients
Authors: Hosokawa Toru , Yamada Yoshiaki , Isagoda Atsushi , Nakamura Ryuichi
Published: August 2011

Responses to the Hasegawa Dementia Scale—Revised and the Mini-Mental State Examination were examined for 49 stroke patients to investigate the psychometric equivalence between the two tests. Pearson product-moment correlation and Spearman rank-order correlation between the two tests were 0.87 and 0.78. Each test's scores significantly correlated with the Full Scale IQs on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised: 0.61 for Hasegawa's Dementia Scale and 0.69 for the Mini-Mental State Examination. These values indicate that the two tests are judged comparable measures for screening cognitive impairment in stroke patients.
Panel Analysis of Feedback-Seeking Patterns in Face-to-Face, Computer-Mediated, and Computer-Generated Communication Environments
Authors: Ang Soon , Cummings Larry L.
Published: August 2011

This study extends 1993 work by Ang, et al. and provides a temporal assessment of feedback sign and feedback communication environments on feedback-seeking behavior of 72 subjects. Analysis indicated that positive feedback engendered greater subsequent seeking than negative feedback. Subjects in both computer-mediated and computer-generated feedback environments were more willing to seek feedback on the next immediate opportunity than to defer seeking to later occasions. In contrast, subjects in the face-to-face environment were more reticent in seeking feedback on the next available opportunity, preferring either to delay it to later occasions or not to seek feedback. We discuss the results in the context of face-loss costs and public-image implications of feedback-seeking behavior.
Suicide by Jumping in Singapore as a Function of High-Rise Apartment Availability
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

In Singapore from 1960 to 1976, the suicide rare by leaping from high-rise apartment buildings increased as their availability increased and appeared to create new suicides in addition to leading some people to switch methods for suicide.
Development of Explanations and Repeated Judgments in An Audit
Authors: Phillips Fred , Koonce Lisa , Hopkins Patrick
Published: August 2011

Prior research suggests that repeated exposure to a statement or the development of an explanation supporting it increases individuals' belief in the plausibility of that statement. This study extended this research by examining how repetition and development of an explanation jointly affect judgments of a statement's plausibility. In this study, subjects (33 men and 16 women) examined financial information about a company and evaluated the plausibility of a statement regarding the company's financial performance that had been made by the management of that company. Prior to evaluating the statement's plausibility, one-half of the subjects also developed an explanation supporting the statement. Fifteen days later, all subjects reevaluated the plausibility of the statement. 24 subjects who had developed a supporting explanation judged the statement to be more plausible than 25 subjects who had not developed an explanation. However, repeated exposure to the statement did not significantly affect subjects' judgments of plausibility.
Illegal Blood Alcohol Levels and Traffic Death Rates
Authors: Watson John S.
Published: August 2011

A comparison between the American states with .10, .08, and no illegal per se alcohol levels for vehicle drivers showed slightly higher than expected motor vehicle accident death rates for those states with the .08 level.
Relation of Preference for Location with Scores on Anxiety and on Visibility in Golf Practice
Authors: Sugiyama Yoshio , Shiraki Hitoshi , Ichimura Soichi
Published: August 2011

Previous research has indicated that seating preference in classrooms is related to some personal characteristics. Similar relations are assumed to be found in sports settings. In this study, the associations of rated preference for playing location in group practice of golf with trait anxiety and preference for visibility were investigated. Subjects were 165 Japanese university students who participated in a series of golf lessons. One-factor analyses of variance showed that subjects' rated preference for playing location was significantly related to their scores on trait anxiety and their preference for visibility of location. These results suggest that, in sports practice as in classrooms, preference for location may be associated with measures of personality and visibility.
Random Generation: Analysis of the Responses
Authors: Ginsburg N. , Karpiuk P.
Published: August 2011

32 subjects attempted to generate 100 random digits. Their responses were measured using eight tests, the results of which were intercorrelated and factor analyzed. 32 simulated subjects were also generated from a table of random numbers and subjected to the same analysis. Three factors emerged from the human data: repetition, seriation, and cycling. These results support the 1970 analysis of Rabinowitz. It was suggested that these factors should be considered in any attempt to relate random production to a concept of randomness.
Cutting Corners: An Informal Look
Authors: Trinkaus John
Published: August 2011

It is reported that motorists are increasingly violating traffic laws by cutting through store parking areas to avoid stop signals and bypass slow-moving traffic. An informal inquiry at two heavily trafficked intersections suggested a rate of occurrence which ranged from about two per hour to approximately one every two hours.
Perception of Potential Nuclear Disaster: The Relation of Likelihood and Consequence Estimates of Risk
Authors: Mehta Michael Dinshaw , Simpson-Housley Paul
Published: August 2011

This study examined the correlations of ratings of expectation of a future disaster in a nuclear power plant and estimations of its consequences in a random sample of 150 adults who lived within two kilometers of a nuclear power plant. Analysis suggested a significant positive but low relation. This finding indicates that risk perception might be explored using constellations of beliefs and attitudes toward hazards without invoking personality characteristics like trait anxiety or demographic variables such as gender.
Speech-Language Patterns in a Child with Moya Moya Disease
Authors: Magee Rebecca , Marshall Mary , Schaub Mary , Terrio Lee
Published: August 2011

Moya Moya disease is a cerebrovascular condition associated with occlusion of the terminal portion of the internal carotid artery along with the appearance of an abnormal net-like system of collateral blood vessels. This paper presents a description beginning in 1973 over a 6-yr. period of the speech-language performance of a Caucasian female diagnosed with the disease.
Relation of Performance on the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test with the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Revised among Preschool Children
Authors: Childers John S. , Durham Thomas W. , Wilson Stephanie
Published: August 2011

58 children enrolled in a university preschool or kindergarten program were administered the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (K-BIT) and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Revised (PPVT—R). The PPVT—R correlated .75 with the K-BIT composite IQ, .69 with the K-BIT Vocabulary standard score, and .57 with the K-BIT Matrices score. The instruments also showed significant agreement (83%) in classifying children into average versus above average categories based upon a 110 standard score on either instrument. Analysis of K-BIT Vocabulary-Matrices differences showed a mean difference of 6 points favoring Vocabulary. Differences ranged from − 32 points to 43 points. 64% of the subjects scored higher on the Vocabulary than on the Matrices subtest of the K-BIT. 48% of the sample showed differences between scores on Vocabulary and Matrices of 10 points or more disregarding the direction of the difference. Implications for the concurrent validity of the instrument and interpretation of subscale differences for preschool children were discussed.
Guidelines for Judging Psychometric Properties of Imagery Questionnaires as Research Instruments: A Quantitative Proposal
Authors: McKelvie Stuart J.
Published: August 2011

To aid researchers in evaluating the construct validity of self-report imagery questionnaires in the context of their use as research instruments, standards are proposed for correlation coefficients under the headings of reliability, criterion validity, and content validity. Guidelines for deciding whether relationships are acceptable are also recommended.
Intercultural Differences in the Bioethical Assessment of Abortion: Preliminary Results and a Proposal for Further Research
Authors: Fassbender Pantaleon
Published: August 2011

Descriptor terms related to 37 articles dealing with the moral question of abortion and taken from a printed database specializing in Catholic applied ethics were scanned for clusters with respect to the Anglo-American or European origin of the articles. To identify types within the data Configural Frequency Analysis was used. Application indicated a dominant interest in the process of ethical decisionmaking in Anglo-American Catholic bioethics. The assumption that European Catholic bioethicists discuss the morality of abortion primarily in terms of an anthropological debate focused on the moral status of prenatal life could not be validated statistically.
Correlations for a New Personality Test with Age, Education, Intelligence, and the MMPI-2
Authors: Thumin Fred J.
Published: August 2011

To gain better understanding of a new personality test (The Self-perception Test), scores on its 11 scales were correlated with age, education, and intelligence among 76 candidates for hire or promotion—and with the MMPI-2 among 45 additional candidates. As age increased, subjects perceived themselves to be less wild and sexy but more logical, thorough, and honest. With increasing intelligence, subjects appeared somewhat less inclined to “fake good.” The L and K scales of the MMPI-2 correlated negatively with the unfavorable Self-perception Test scales (Depressed, Crabby, and Shy), but positively with the favorable scales (Good-looking, Sociable, Thorough, Logical, Considerate, and Honest). The reverse was true of the F, Pt, Sc, and Si scales. The Depression scales of the MMPI-2 and the new test were not significantly correlated, probably because they measure depression differently ( viz., indirectly vs directly) and because subjects were job applicants rather than clinical patients.
Induced Motion and the Visual Vertical: Effects of Frame Size
Authors: Brooks Janice N. , Sherrick Michael F.
Published: August 2011

Induced visual motion and the rod-and-frame effect have both been explained in terms of changes in the observer's spatial orientation. Accordingly, we examined the effects of large and small visual frames on the two phenomena in the present experiment, testing 8 male and 8 female undergraduates. During induced motion, subjects noted the perceived motion of a stationary central point of light and then moved this light back to its apparent original location. For the visual vertical, subjects aligned two points of light to indicate the perceived vertical in the presence of straight and tilted frames. As predicted, the larger frames generated more induced motion and greater displacement of the visual vertical. These results may have occurred because the larger frame had a greater effect on the subjects' spatial orientation, perhaps due to the more extensive involvement of the peripheral, or ambient, visual system.
A Size Illusion from Simultaneous Changes in Length and Direction of a Line Pattern
Authors: Brigner Willard L. , Deni James R. , Hildreth Lora Lee
Published: August 2011

A circle was attached to one of three lines which were changing in length and direction simultaneously. This configuration of moving lines had been found previously to induce the perception of depth. Of 26 observers 20 reported that the moving circle appeared smaller in size than a physically equal stationary circle which was located outside the changing, depth-inducing configuration.
Gender Differences on Simultaneous and Sequential Cognitive Tasks among Egyptian School Children
Authors: Elwan Fadia Z.
Published: August 2011

The present study investigated differences between Egyptian boys and girls in simultaneous and sequential cognitive processes. Four tests of the Kaufman Assessment Battery and one test from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Revised were administered to 172 children (82 boys and 90 girls) in Grades 1, 3, and 5. Analysis indicated that the underlying factor structure of the children's performance was similar for boys and girls. Boys tended to surpass girls on simultaneous and sequential cognitive processes in all grade levels and children's simultaneous and sequential processes increased progressively across grades. The results were interpreted in terms of the influence of psychosocial variables on cognitive processes.
Nostalgia: A Psychological Perspective
Authors: Batcho Krystine Irene
Published: August 2011

A survey was designed to assess nostalgia for 20 aspects of experience as well as relative judgments of the world past, present, and future. Surveys were completed by 648 respondents, 268 males and 380 females, ranging in age from 4 to 80 years old. Split-half reliability was .78. Test-retest reliability over a 1-wk. interval on a separate sample of 50 respondents was .84. Nostalgia was related to the judgment of the past relative to the present. Gender differences were not significant, but significant differences across age groups were obtained for most items. The intensity of nostalgic sentiment varied across objects, situations, aspects of society, and people. Factor analysis suggested that nostalgia is comprised of a number of factors reflecting different spheres and levels of experience. For nostalgia, conceptualized as a multifaceted, composite construct, results were discussed with respect to four approaches—generational, developmental, personality, and transient mood state. Suggestions were made for further development of the survey and for research exploring relationships among nostalgia, motivation, emotion, and behavior.
Effects of Occluded Vision and Imagery on Putting Golf Balls
Authors: Meacci William G. , Pastore Donna L.
Published: August 2011

This study examined the effects of combining occluded vision with imagery for acquiring and retaining golf-putting skill in a college class of 80. The findings indicated that college students who registered for beginning golf classes were significantly higher in putting-skill acquisition using occluded vision and visual imagery than practicing while in visual contact with the ball and no imagery. Occluded-vision imagery was not superior to visual imagery for acquisition or retention of putting skill. In addition, the occluded-vision subjects showed positive transfer to visual putting skills.
Startle Eyeblink Elicitation in Attention Deficit Disordered Children Using Low-Intensity Acoustic Stimuli
Authors: Goldstein Donald J. , Blumenthal Terry D.
Published: August 2011

The acoustic startle eyeblink response was measured in 11 pediatric psychiatric inpatients, 7 diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and 4 diagnosed with other conditions (non-ADHD). Startle stimuli were 85 or 95 dB SPL, 50-msec. noise pulses. Startle eyeblink responses were reliably measured for all children. Startle response latency was faster for ADHD children than for clinical control subjects in all stimulus conditions. These data show that the acoustic startle eyeblink response can be reliably elicited in ADHD children at lower intensities (85-95 dB) than those used in previous published research (104 dB). This may increase the use of the startle paradigm, since less intense stimuli may be less disturbing to the children, increasing compliance and allowing longer testing sessions.
Readability Analysis of Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance Journal Articles
Authors: Cardinal Bradley J.
Published: August 2011

The readability levels of 10 articles each from the Journal of Health Education, Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, and Strategies: A Journal for Physical and Sport Educators were estimated. On average, the 40 articles were written at the college junior level ( M = 14.9, SD = 1.6); however, significant between-journal differences were found, with between-journal effect sizes ranging from 0.36 to 3.64.
Protective Filters in the Prevention of Asthenopia at a Video Display Terminal
Authors: Scullica Luigi , Rechichi Caterina , De Mojà Carmelo A.
Published: August 2011

In this work 25,064 employees were studied with the aim of investigating whether the video display terminal (VDT) equipped with filters reduces the incidence of asthenopia with reference to weekly time spent at a VDT and duration of work at a VDT. Analysis showed that the filters themselves do not reduce the occurrence of asthenopia consequent to various factors (refractive defects, time spent at a VDT, and monitors' characteristics).
Temporal Locus of Knowledge of Results: A Meta-Analytic Review
Authors: Travlos Antonios K. , Pratt Jay
Published: August 2011

Meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the temporal locus of knowledge of results. An extensive literature review was conducted, yielding 17 published articles suitable for the meta-analyses. These studies were then separated into 2 general categories of acquisition and retention. These categories were subdivided further into KR delay interval, KR delay and motor interpolated activities, KR delay and verbal interpolated activities, post-KR interval, post-KR interval and motor interpolated activities, and post-KR interval and verbal interpolated activities. 6 of the 12 categories gave enough data for the meta-analyses. The categories which showed significant results were KR-delay, post-KR interval, and post-KR interval and verbal interpolated activities in acquisition. Although significant, effect sizes were comparatively small. The discussion of findings focused on effects of the temporal locus of KR and interpolated activities on performance and learning.
Pain Perception, Coping Strategies, and Stress Management among Periodontal Patients with Repeated Surgeries
Authors: Baume Robert M. , Croog Sydney H. , Nalbandian John
Published: August 2011

The relationships between coping strategies, stress response during periodontal surgery, and perceived pain after each of two surgical procedures were studied in 42 adult women between the ages of 28 and 67 years. The presurgical use of coping by indirect action was positively correlated with decreased stress behavior during each surgery. The use of attention-coping strategies was significantly correlated with pain measures after each surgery, while avoidance-coping strategies were not. Age and patients' rating of pain were the best predictors of the use of attention coping. These findings suggest that preoperative preparation which includes information on enhancing attention-coping may assist some patients with postsurgical pain and discomfort.
Factors Affecting Coaching Preferences of Secondary School Volleyball Players
Authors: Hastie Peter A.
Published: August 2011

240 Australian high school volleyball players reported significant differences by sex and playing standard on varying subscales of Chelladurai and Saleh's Leadership Scale for Sports. No significant differences were found for players' age on any subscale.
Transfer of Odd-Item Search Performance in a Chimpanzee (Pan Troglodytes)
Authors: Tomonaga Masaki
Published: August 2011

An adult female chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes) who was trained only on odd-item search with a large number of items was tested for transfer of the odd-item search performance to new stimuli and to minimal items (1 target and 2 uniform distractors). The subject showed transfer to new target-distractor pairs when the number of items was large enough but showed no transfer to a minimal display even when the trained (old) target-distractor pair was presented. The results suggest that her performance on odd-item search was controlled mainly by perceptual cues such as pop-out of the target among the uniform distractors but not on relational cues such as the oddity rule.
Three-Dimensional Kinematic Analysis of Baseball Pitching in Acceleration Phase
Authors: Wang Y. Tai , Ford H. T. , Ford H. T. , Shin Dong Min
Published: August 2011

To examine the relationships of pitching performance to maximum external rotation of the shoulder and to time in the acceleration phase, 3 male baseball pitchers were tested using three-dimensional cinematography. Analysis indicated that increasing maximum external rotation of the shoulder at the very beginning of the acceleration phase would help to generate a higher pitching ball velocity since a greater linear and angular displacement could be used to accelerate the throwing forearm. Slowing the wrist action just before ball-release may be a key technique to increasing pitching velocity of the ball.
Interpersonal Perception Skills: Self-Concept Correlates
Authors: Schroeder Jonathan E.
Published: August 2011

Individual differences in scores on self-concept scales of shyness, sociability, and self-consciousness influenced interpersonal perception skills as measured by scores on the Interpersonal Perception Task videotape in a sample of 56 students.
Vigilance as a Table of Numbers
Authors: Richardson Norman
Published: August 2011

Data from vigilance experiments have structure. Its bases include 1/12 and multiples thereof, single-digit fractions, and 1/ e. Continuing previous research, a table of e-based ratios ( e-BR) was developed. Data from 9 published experiments with regular and irregular signals (RS-IS) and from 9 with extraverted and introverted subjects (E-I) were re-analyzed. Significant numerical correlations were obtained, some concerning effects originally reported as nonsignificant. Detection (D) means all categories (“levels” of both factors) were linearly related, with p(D)≈ X̅(5/8 + y/9) and p <.01. Cross-factor averaged mean products of ratio D for each time period also showed convergence ( p <.01). The over-all mean and stability ratio of detections (SR[D], i.e., D for final time period/D for initial time period, gave the scaling effect [Formula: see text]. Response-time means and standard deviations for different groups in Mackie, Wylie, and Smith's 1994 sonar experiments were related by the derivatives of [1 − 1/ e] included in the new table (p = .002). Although by no means specific to vigilance (or psychophysics), the numeric factor still seems relevant to research.
Eye Movements in a Small Sample of Cerebral Palsied Adults
Authors: Coltellaro John , LeGare Miriam , Terdiman Joseph
Published: August 2011

Monocular pursuit and saccadic eye movements were compared between a group of 5 men with cerebral palsy and a group of 5 men with normal movements using an infrared corneal reflection technique. Triangle, sine, and square waves (in the time domain) at 0.3 Hz in the horizontal and vertical dimensions were used as the stimuli for six 10-sec. tests of each subject. The momentary difference between stimulus and eye positions was used to obtain values for five pursuit variables (triangle and sine wave tests) and five saccadic variables (square wave tests). The t tests for differences between these means showed that the cerebral palsy group had more fixations during the four pursuit tests, more saccadic intrusions during the horizontal pursuit tests, a greater maximum pursuit error during the horizontal sine wave test, and a greater maximum fixation error during the horizontal square wave test. The group means were not different for pursuit gain and saccadic velocity and latency. The dynamics of the errors during the tests of pursuit movements indicate that cerebral palsied persons may be unable to maintain the constant velocity of eye movement required to track a triangle wave stimulus. The dynamics of the errors during the tests of saccadic movements indicate that cerebral palsied persons would be unable to use technological devices for assisting communication, which depend on visual fixation as a control signal.
Women Reconstruct More Details than Men for a Complex Five-Minute Narrative: Implications for Right-Hemispheric Factors in the Serial Memory Effect
Authors: Persinger M. A. , Richards P. M.
Published: August 2011

A total of 20 men and 20 women listened to a 5-min. ambiguous narrative (the “Billy” story). When the subjects were asked (unexpectedly) to reconstruct the details of the story as a written narrative 30 min. later, women employed about 50% more words and comparably more accurate detail than the men. Covariance for pre-experimental experiences suggested that the women's proficiency could be related to the greater representation of linguistic processes within the right (non-dominant) hemisphere. The hypothesis that the classic deficit of reconstructional accuracy for events during the middle of a story is related to right-hemispheric inhibition was also supported. Subjects who recalled the fewest details reported more vivid dreaming during the subsequent two days.
Social Distance Evaluations in White and African-American Students
Authors: Hoxter A. Lee , Lester David
Published: August 2011

Among 241 college students, both white and African-American adults were less willing to be personal friends with people of the other ethnic group than with people of their own ethnic group. African-American students were also less willing to be friends with Asian Americans than were white students.
Two-Way Unweighted Means Analysis of Variance Using Summary Statistics
Authors: Charter Richard A.
Published: August 2011

A method for computing a two-way unweighted means analysis of variance using summary statistics is presented.
Development and Evaluation of Stage-Matched Written Materials about Lifestyle and Structured Physical Activity
Authors: Cardinal Bradley J.
Published: August 2011

Two sets of written materials about physical activity were developed, one promoting lifestyle exercise and the other promoting structured exercise. Both sets integrated the Transtheoretical Model of behavior-change concepts. Materials were evaluated by 8 women and 6 men ( M age = 63.1 yr.) using a stratified (by gender) randomized group design. Participants evaluated the materials on 8 factors of a standardized instrument. Cronbach alpha was .97. No significant differences were found between the two sets of materials on the 8 factors evaluated. Effect size differences ranged from .16 to .84 ( M =.46).
Out-of-Body-Like Experiences are More Probable in People with Elevated Complex Partial Epileptic-Like Signs during Periods of Enhanced Geomagnetic Activity: A Nonlinear Effect
Authors: Persinger M. A.
Published: August 2011

The ratings of subjective experiences of the self “leaving” or of being detached from the body were obtained (over a 3-yr. period) for a total of 128 men and women who had been exposed only once to an experimental setting which enhances the awareness of cognitive processes. As hypothesized, the individuals who exhibited the greatest proportion of complex partial epileptic-like signs also reported the most intense experiences of detachment from the body; however, these occurred primarily when the geomagnetic activity on the day of the experiment exceeded about 15 nT but was less than about 45 nT. Geomagnetic activity for the day after or the three days before the experiment was not associated with these experiences. The effect was equivalent to a correlation coefficient ( eta) of .38.
Comparability of WAIS—R Digit Symbol and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test
Authors: Morgan Steven F. , Wheelock Janet
Published: August 2011

100 persons referred for neuropsychological evaluation were administered both the Symbol Digit Modalities Test and the WAIS—R Digit Symbol subtest. The two sets of scores correlated 0.85, but standard scores derived from the Symbol Digit Modalities Test were significantly lower than standard scores based on Digit Symbol. The mean score on the former for these subjects is the equivalent of 2 1/2 to 3 WAIS—R age-scaled score points lower than the respective Digit Symbol mean.
Stimulus and Respondent Factors in Environmental Preference
Authors: Stamps Arthur E.
Published: August 2011

The distinction between people and environments has been a recurring theme in environmental research, but explicit studies of this distinction are rare. This paper reports ω2 estimates of the respective population variances for people and places on the criterion of preferences for environmental scenes. The stimuli ( n = 198) accounted for more preference variance than did the respondents ( n = 29). This was a replication of previous findings obtained with different experimental protocols in a different geographical location.
Factors Affecting Accuracy of Producing Time Intervals
Authors: Marmaras Nikos , Vassilakis Panayotis , Dounias George
Published: August 2011

The present study assessed the accuracy of producing time intervals. 92 subjects were asked to produce three different time intervals (15, 30, and 60 sec.) under six experimental conditions during which they performed concurrent tasks of different cognitive difficulty and requiring different cognitive functions. Real-life working situations guided the design of the experiment. Accuracy of time estimation was significantly affected by the length of the intervals to be produced and the concurrent tasks performed. 15-sec. intervals were more accurately estimated. Accuracy decreased as the cognitive demands of the concurrent tasks increased; subjects systematically overestimated the duration of the intervals. Having an activity requiring time estimation seems to have a positive effect on the accuracy of time estimation. The same was found for certain strategies aiding time estimation which were used spontaneously by certain subjects. No significant difference in the accuracy of estimation between women and men was found.
On the Possibility of Directly Accessing Every Human Brain by Electromagnetic Induction of Fundamental Algorithms
Authors: Persinger M. A.
Published: August 2011

Contemporary neuroscience suggests the existence of fundamental algorithms by which all sensory transduction is translated into an intrinsic, brain-specific code. Direct stimulation of these codes within the human temporal or limbic cortices by applied electromagnetic patterns may require energy levels which are within the range of both geomagnetic activity and contemporary communication networks. A process which is coupled to the narrow band of brain temperature could allow all normal human brains to be affected by a subharmonic whose frequency range at about 10 Hz would only vary by 0.1 Hz.
Cluster Analysis of Levels of Body Fatness in Children
Authors: Zhu Weimo , Wirth John C.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine, using cluster analysis, the levels of body fatness as defined in the current national programs for children and youth fitness. A total of 1,056 examinees were drawn randomly from the published data of the National Children and Youth Fitness Study II, with 525 boys and 531 girls, ages 6 to 9 years. Their triceps and medial calf skinfold measures were used for the cluster analysis, including both the kth nearest-neighbor and the Ward's minimum variance procedures. Although multimodal clusters were found at four age groups according to the kth nearest-neighbor procedure, the Ward procedure and plotting of these clusters did not support their existence. It was concluded that the levels of body fatness reported in the current national children and youth fitness programs were arbitrarily defined.