Challenges and the future of prevention of malignant diseases
Authors: Jovanović Verica 
Published: October 2024

Background: Implementation of organized programs for the prevention and early detection of malignant diseases in most developed countries has led to significant decrease in mortality from these diseases. Screening as a method of early detection of premalignant and malignant forms of the disease, in addition to a high chance of cure, also enables the application of sparing surgical interventions, faster recovery, reduced disability, better quality of life and reduction of treatment costs. Methods and Objectives: The aim of this paper is to present an analysis of challenges and future strategies in the prevention of malignant diseases. The cancer screening area is more closely regulated by the Law on Health Care and the Law on Health Insurance, which represent the basis for planning future strategies and considering all issues. National screening programs are in line with the Recommendation of the EU Council on Cancer Screening 2003: Three Regulations on the National Program for Early Detection of Breast, Cervical and Colorectal Cancer. Results: Responses to specific objectives from the Regulations for the National programs for the early detection of breast, cervical and colorectal cancer determined the activities that the Office focused on informing people and raising awareness of the importance of regular examinations, early cancer detection and the involvement of local self-government and citizens' associations in implementation of screening through health promotion activities; strengthening the capacity of health institutions to carry out screening in terms of providing a sufficient number of trained personnel and equipment relying on meeting the objectives of the Program for cancer control improvements in the Republic of Serbia for the period 2020-2022; establishment of a data collection and management system during screening and establishment of quality control services in screening through the construction of the Public Health Service Conclusion: In accordance with the recommendations of the WHO and The European Commission Initiative on Breast, Cervical and Colorectal Cancer, the future of prevention of all three malignant diseases is reflected in the introduction of artificial intelligence in the interpretation of screening mammograms, a new approach to screening in the form of supplementing the program with HPV testing, the acquisition of a mobile unit for preventive gynecological examinations, education of colonoscopists and acquisition of adequate equipment. Additionally, public health initiatives that promote healthy lifestyles-such as smoking cessation, healthy eating, and regular physical activity-will continue to play a crucial role. Engaging communities and fostering partnerships among stakeholders can enhance these initiatives, making them more effective. In conclusion, while challenges persist in the prevention of malignant diseases, ongoing research, technology integration, and community-focused strategies hold promise for a healthier future. Collaborative efforts will be key to overcoming barriers and improving the effectiveness of preventive measures.