bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMODELAN SPASIAL DATA PANEL UNTUK MENENTUKAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KESEHATAN DI PROVINSI PAPUA
Authors: Hikmah Ira Rosianal , Hikmah Yulial
Published: August 2020

Menurut data BPS, tingkat pertumbuhan populasi di Indonesia secara konsisten meningkat setiap tahun. Kondisi pertumbuhan populasi yang tidak dapat ditekan akan menyebabkan berbagai masalah. Salah satu masalah yang mungkin terjadi di Indonesia dan sulit diselesaikan adalah kesehatan masyarakat Indonesia. Hingga saat ini, jumlah penduduk sakit di Indonesia masih cukup tinggi. Model panel spasial merupakan hasil pengembangkan model data panel. Pengembangan ini dilakukan karena adanya pengaruh spasial atau lokasi pada data panel. Informasi spasial sangat penting karena dapat menentukan hubungan suatu daerah dengan daerah lain yang berdekatan. Data yang mengandung elemen spasial tidak akan akurat jika hanya menggunakan regresi panel karena ada asumsi yang dilanggar, salah satunya akan menghasilkan kesalahan yang heterogen. Hal ini disebabkan karena adanya hubungan antar wilayah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi persentase penduduk sakit di Provinsi Papua berdasarkan beberapa model panel spasial yang dipilih, yaitu model SAR, SEM, dan GSM. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisis untuk mendapatkan model panel spasial terbaik.
探究建筑工程中节能施工技术的应用
Authors: 秦 文玉
Published: August 2020

为了顺应低碳环保的时代发展趋势，就要求各大建筑企业对施工环节中的节能技术引起全面的重视，以此促进建筑产业的不断进步。在建筑工程施工环节中使用节能型建筑原料，再结合科学完善的节能技术，能够有效减少建筑能源耗损，保证建筑产业的可持续发展。本文就建中工程中节能技术的应用展开了深入的研究。
分析情感教育在幼儿园绘本教学中的渗透
Authors: 陈 继爽
Published: August 2020

近年来,我国教育事业迎来蓬勃发展,对于幼儿园教育也越来越重视。在幼儿园教育过程当中,绘本作为一种非常重要的教学工具受到广大幼儿、家长以及教师的喜爱。同时绘本也作为对幼儿进行情感教育的有效载体,能够利用绘本中的内容,以图文并茂的形式加强学生的情感教育。本文主要针对情感教育在幼儿园绘本教学中的渗透进行分析,不断提高幼儿的情感教育。
AUDIT SISTEM INFORMASI ABSENSI PADA KEJAKSAAN NEGERI KOTA BANDUNG MENGGUNAKAN FRAMEWORK COBIT 5
Authors: Rabhani Akmal Panji , Maharani Adela , Putrie Anggia Arfiani , Anggraeni Devianti , Azisabil Hadid Fathan , Cantika Imelda , Cahyani Intan , Destianti Lina Lulus , Mahmud Putri Tsania , Firmansyah Ricky
Published: August 2020

Kejaksaan Negeri Kota Bandung is a unit of the state institutions that carries out state power, particularly in the field of prosecution. Kejaksaan Negeri Kota Bandung implemented an information system to intensify operational activities. Using a computerized tool that is FaceUnlock to record the attendance list of employees. The system must be able to manage, convey, and maintain information security properly. Then, an audit is needed to evaluate the governance of the current information system. In this research, the capability model is used as a measurement of respondent's answers from a questionnaire based on the COBIT 5 framework with the MEA (Monitor, Evaluate, and Assess) domain as a reference. Respondents who were involved in filling out the questionnaire were employees of Kejaksaan Negeri Kota Bandung who carried out SIMPEG operations on daily. Based on the recapitulation of the answers from the respondents, the value of the current capability level is 2.4 in the range 1-4. To get the expected results, there some alternative to intensify SIMPEG's performance at Kejaksaan Negeri Kota Bandung in the future.
Parametric Study of Photovoltaic Thermal Solar Collector Using An Improved Parallel Flow
Authors: Mohammed Sultan Sakhr , Ping Tso Chih , Mohd Noor Ervina Efzan , Mustafa Ibrahim Fadhel , Ahmed Alkaff Saqaff
Published: August 2020

Photovoltaic Thermal Solar Collector (PVT) is a hybrid technology used to produce electricity and heat simultaneously. Current enhancements in PVT are to increase the electrical and thermal efficiencies. Many PVT factors such as type of absorber, thermal conductivity, type of PV module and operating conditions are important parameters that can control the PVT performance. In this paper, an analytical model, using energy balance equations, is studied for PVT with an improved parallel flow absorber. The performance is calculated for a typical sunny weather in Malaysia. It was found that the maximum electrical and thermal efficiencies are 12.9 % and 62.6 %, respectively. The maximum outlet water temperature is 59 oC.
PENGUNAAN DANA ZAKAT PADA KORBAN COVID-19 PERSPEKTIF MAQASHID SYARIAH
Authors: Kadir Afifuddin , Hakim Miftahur Rahman , Syam Fahmi , Karim Murdiansah SA
Published: August 2020

Pandemi covid-19 yang terjadi di seluruh dunia termasuk Indonesia menjadikan seluruh aktifitas terhenti. Seketika aktifitas dibuat lumpuh termasuk aktifitas ekonomi. Dampak dari covid-19 ini membuat banyak karyawan yang di PHK, para pengusaha mikro harus gulung tikar, para pemberi jasa transportasi online dan ofline harus menahan derita karena tidak ada yang mengorder jasanya. Hal ini dikarenakan pemerintah membuat kebijakan stay et home atau PSBB untuk menghentikan rantai penyebaran virus covid-19 tersebut. Sehingga perlu adanya perhatian dari semua pihak, baik pemerintah maupun swasta terutama lembaga-lembaga sosial agar ambil bagian dalam penanganan masalah yang timbul sebab adanya pandemi covid-19 ini. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana peran lembaga amil zakat terhadap penggunaan dana zakat pada korban covid-19 dalam perspektif maqashid syariah. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif analisis. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dan teknik pengumpulan data adalah studi literatur. Hasil kajian menunjukan bahwa penggunaan dana zakat untuk penanganan covid-19 sudah sesuai dengan syariah dan maqashid syariah. Dimana dana zakat yang disalurkan pada masa pandemi covid-19 ini membuat para penerima manfaat menjadi tertolong. Dan dana zakat yang diberikan sangat besar manfaatnya dan membawa kemaslahatan bagi  korban yang terkena dampak dari pandemi covid-19, terutama dampak dari ekonomi, sehingga tujuan syariah menjadikan masyarakat yang terdampak covid bisa terjaga dari ke lima unsur dalam maqashid syariah.
Masyaqqah dan Rukhshah Bagi Orang Sakit
Authors: Nawwir Yush
Published: August 2020

Masyaqqah dan rukhshah adalah ibarat dua sisi mata uang yang berbeda namun tak dapat dipisahkan. Hubungan keduanya bisa disebut sebagai hubungan sebab akibat, artinya setiap ada masyaqqah dalam menunaikan kewajiban, maka harus ada rukhshah dalam melaksanakan kewajiban tersebut sehingga seorang mukallaf yang diberi kewajiban mampu menunaikan kewajibannya dalam bentuk yang lebih mudah dan longgar. Dengan cara seperti ini, maka seseorang mukallaf akan mengetahui bahwa sebuah kewajiban harus ditunaikan walau dalam kondisi apapun dan akan merasakan betapa rahmat Allah swt senantiasa menyertai manusia.
Trust vs. Crisis
Authors: Mogensen Kirsten
Published: August 2020

The three social phenomena — norms, trust, and crisis — are in this paper combined into one model that illustrates their function and relationship. Crisis is seen as a reaction to serious violations of expectations that leave people disoriented, insecure about situational norms, and unable to judge whom to trust. One logical solution to a crisis is to rebuild a shared understanding of the norms involved in any given context. Banking is used as a case. Central concepts are borrowed from Niklas Luhmann Trust (1968), Alf Ross Directives and Norms (1967), and Arthur G. Neal National Trauma & Collective Memory (1998).
Samspil tökuorða og innlendra orða í Þriðju málfræðiritgerðinni
Authors: Tarsi Matteo
Published: August 2020

The article is concerned with the coexistence and interplay of loanwords and native words (synonymic word pairs) in the Third Grammatical Treatise. The discussion
offered in the present article is part of a larger research project on loanwords and native synonyms in Icelandic in the period from the twelfth century to around
1550. The focus of this article is on how loanword/native word pairs appear in the Third Grammatical Treatise and thus on the dynamics at the core of the alternation
between loanwords and native words in this work. In addition, the research seeks to establish a relative chonology for the constituents of each word pair. Finally, the
dynamics between loanwords and native words in the lexicon are illustrated in a set of generalizations.
新能源汽车电机驱动系统控制技术分析
Authors: 孟 游
Published: August 2020

汽车在人类生活中的所占比例越来越高，汽车消耗了大量的油气能源，同时对空气排放出大量尾气，对周围生态环境破坏极大，因此当前人们开始研制新能源汽车。文章对新能源汽车的概念简要介绍，从新能源汽车电机驱动系统结构设计开始分析，阐述集成系统电机和电池发电下的工作模式。
金属材料热处理变形的影响因素与控制策略
Authors: 韩 永波
Published: August 2020

近年来，在社会经济水平不断提升的带动下，使得我国科学技术的发展取得了良好的成绩。在这种形势下人们对金属材料的研究工作越发的重视，就金属材料来说，其中热处理是其中最为关键的一项内容，这一工艺往往都是被人们引用在对金属材料所实施的特殊处理工序之中，其作用就是能够从根本上提升整个金属材料的力学性质，为金属材料的后续使用效果的提升创造良好的基础。就现如今各方面实际情况来说，尽管金属材料热处理工艺的发展历经了几十年的实践，从某种层面上已经能够满足我国实际生产工作对金属材料的需要，但是因为在整个过程中极易发生形变的情况，所以会对金属材料在使用过程中的作用的发挥起到一定的限制。
管理者心理资本提升重要性的科学普及与提示
Authors: 陈 鹏
Published: August 2020

大量管理者经过实践发现，对企业竞争力起决定作用的因素为员工所表现出的行为与态度，这与心理资本提升密切相关。近几年，知识经济成为世界各国发展的主要趋势，由此而带来的影响也十分直观，若以市场环境为切入点，知识经济时代所带来影响，主要是加快了市场环境变化的速度，只有建立学习型组织，确保员工拥有良好的学习欲望和能力，才能避免企业走向衰败。综合现有研究可知，心理资本提升所强调内容，主要是心理品质、精神状态与情绪表达，这就要求管理者以心理资本提升为切入点，对员工潜能进行充分开发。文章从管理者的视角出发，围绕心理资本提升展开了探究，首先，对心理资本定义、维度和变量进行了综述，其次，对核心概念的界定进行了分析，便于下文内容的理解，最后，从科学普及和提示两方面，对管理者心理资本提升重要性进行了分析，希望能够给人以积极影响，使日后类似研究的开展拥有可供参考的理论基础。
生产企业成本管理存在的问题及策略研究
Authors: 谢 晓玲
Published: August 2020

对于一个制造企业来说成本管理是一项非常重要的工作，进行成本管理就是为了能够对成本进行控制，从而更好地为企业与员工谋求利润与福利。如今国家的经济发展形势是非常好的，为企业的发展创造了良好的环境，不过，近年来国内的劳动力成本不断提升，国内制造业也不在只是以廉价的劳动力进行外贸加工，企业的技术水平有了很大的提升，企业的升级与发函要求他们要在国内外市场上都要面临激烈的竞争，为了能够在竞争中获得优势，就需要加强各个方面的管理，而对成本的管理就是其中很关键的一项内容。下面我们从制造业生产加工模式方面对其在成本管理中存在的问题进行了分析，并给出了解决问题，提升成本管理效果的几点策略。
Periodización táctica y la toma de decisiones en la transición ofensiva en el baloncesto femenino de la ESPOCH sede Morona Santiago Ecuador
Authors: Ortiz Fernández Danilo , Alzola Tamayo Alberto , Sánchez Anilema José Alfredo , Hechavarria Jeorge Omar
Published: August 2020

El presente artículo tiene como objeto brindar una herramienta de trabajo, a los entrenadores de baloncesto que le permitan ayudar a sus jugadores, en la toma de decisiones desde el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje en la transición ofensiva del baloncesto, femenino de la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo Extensión Morona Santiago  se propone un Esquema de ejercicios que les permita tener una guía de trabajo con base a la periodización táctica Nuestra muestra de trabajo estuvo integrada por 15 jugadores, teniendo como objetivo metodológico la aplicación de la periodización táctica en el entrenamiento, tocando un aspecto, importante dentro del juego de baloncesto como lo es la transición ofensiva, buscando un adecuado nivel de juego potenciando su aplicación en nuestro equipo con base en la periodización táctica adecuando sus principios y metodología a nuestro entorno, permitiendo un mejor funcionamiento en nuestra transición ofensiva, desde el punto de vista individual (fortaleciendo la toma de decisiones) y con ello mejorar el preforman y el  accionar  como equipo, lo individual en función de lo colectivo.
Cardiac Dysfunction in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Karki Niyanta , KC Sudhamshu , Sharma Dilip , Jaisi Bikash , Khadka Sandip
Published: August 2020

Background: The clinical picture in cirrhosis is dominated by the classical complications such as ascites, bleeding varices, portal hypertension and encephalopathy. Cardiac dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis, which contributes significantly to the morbidity and, mortality though prevalent, is less studied and not widely recognized entity since it is largely asymptomatic at rest, with overt heart failure seen mainly during pharmacological stress, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, liver transplantation. Methods: It is a cross sectional study done on patients admitted in wards or attending to outpatient department of Liver unit, Bir Hospital, between May 2015 to May 2016. Diagnosis of cirrhosis was based on clinical examination, lab parameters, ultrasound examination, endoscopy and/or liver biopsy. Cirrhotic patients after assessing the exclusion criteria were recruited for the study. Child Pugh and model for end stage liver disease scores were calculated to assess the liver function. Cardiac function was evaluated by resting pulse, mean arterial pressure, electrocardiography, and 2 dimensional echocardiography. Results: Diastolic dysfunction was seen in 61.9%(48) and was more common in alcoholic group (63.2% Vs 58.6%). Systolic dysfunction was seen in 6.6% of alcoholic patients only. 51.4% had cirrhotic cardiomyopathy according to the criteria (proposed by World congress of gastroenterology in 2005). Prolonged QTc of >0.44 seconds was noted in 79%, mainly in child pugh C, with model for end stage liver disease score >10.Conclusions: Cardiac dysfunction is prevalent with sizeable number of patients with cirrhosis especially in the form of diastolic dysfunction independent of etiology. QTc prolongation might be an early indicator of cardiac dysfunction and is directly correlated with child pugh and model for end stage liver disease scores.Keywords: Chronic liver disease; cardiac dysfunction; MELD score; QTc.
Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Prison Inmates in Kathmandu Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Prasha , Shrestha Dhiraj , Magar Dhiraj Thapa , Rai Ganesh , Rai Kul Raj , Rai Shiba Kumar
Published: August 2020

Background: Prison inmates are at high risk of intestinal parasitic infections. Thus, we studied intestinal parasitic infections among inmates of the Central Jail, Kathmandu, Nepal.Methods: Morning stool samples from 400 inmates (M=282 and F=118), were collected in a clean, dry and wide-mouthed plastic container. The samples were transported to the research laboratory of Shi-Gan International College of Science and Technology, and were fixed using 10% formal saline. Then, samples were processed by formal ether sedimentation concentration technique and were observed microscopically by direct-smear technique.Results: Six percent (24/400) samples were positive for intestinal parasites, with a gender ratio (M:F) 1.7:1. But, co-parasitism was not observed. Intestinal parasitic infections were higher among 21-40 years age-group, 3.5% (14/262). Similarly, intestinal parasitic infections were higher among ‘Dalits’ ethnic group, 21.1% (4/19). As compared to helminths, more protozoans, 62.5% (15/24), were observed. Giardia lamblia, 41.67% (10/24), was the most common protozoans while Trichuris trichiura, 25.0% (6/24), was the most common helminths.Conclusions: Intestinal parasitic infections were lower among the inmates of Central jail, but such conditions cannot be presumed in other peripheral settings. Pure and safe drinking water supply and the effective deworming campaign can further reduce this figure at this setting and peripheral jails across the country.Keywords: Intestinal parasitic infections; IPIs; Nepal; prison inmates.
Desarrollo de una Herramienta Informática para la Simulación de Reportes PVT en los Pozos del Oriente Ecuatoriano de la Arena U Inferior
Authors: Arteaga Jimmy , Gómez Franklin , Iza Anabel , Izurieta Álvaro , Jiménez Tamia , Valencia Raúl , Zurita Kevin
Published: August 2020

En el presente artículo se describe el desarrollo de un programa que permita la estimación de propiedades de Presión, Volumen y Temperatura (PVT) en los pozos del Oriente Ecuatoriano. El prototipo cuenta con la recopilación de correlaciones más adecuadas para crudo Ecuatoriano, visualización y generación de reportes de los pozos que se encuentren perforados sujeta a información geográfica. Como primer punto, es necesario contar con expresiones matemáticas PVT calibradas a datos de laboratorio correspondientes a la arena U inferior del crudo de la región. Para esta parte, la metodología desarrollada constituye la adquisición, procesamiento y ajuste de datos de información de laboratorio, con el fin de obtener un manejo adecuado de los mismos. La aplicación desarrollada proporcionará la estimación de las propiedades PVT del petróleo más acordes a la Cuenca Oriente. En tal virtud, los resultados experimentales podrán ser utilizados en los diferentes cálculos requeridos para la producción de hidrocarburos de la industria local y para la academia permitirá ampliar las fronteras de estudio.
"Suodatinkahvia hienoksi leikattuna". Kahvinkeitin ja suomalaisten kotien modernisaatio 1950-luvulta 1970-luvulle
Authors: Salmi Hannu
Published: August 2020

Kahvin keittäminen ja nauttiminen ovat olennainen osa suomalaista arkea. Toisen maailmansodan jälkeen kahvin valmistaminen suodattamalla yleistyi vuosikymmen vuosikymmeneltä, ja myös automaattiset kahvinkeittimet tulivat kuluttajamarkkinoille 1950-luvulla. Artikkeli tutkii kotien modernisaatiota kahvin valmistamisen näkökulmasta 1950-luvun alusta 1970-luvun loppuun; siihen mennessä pannukahvin kulutus oli Suomessa voimakkaasti laskenut. Artikkeli pohjautuu sanoma- ja aikakauslehdistössä julkaistuihin kahvin, suodattimien ja kahvinkeittimien mainoksiin ja kahvia käsitteleviin artikkeleihin sekä analysoi Kansalliskirjaston digitoitujen lehtien kokoelmaa määrällisesti ja laadullisesti kahvinjuonnin näkökulmasta.
Implikatur Percakapan dalam Film Sweet 20 Karya Ody C. Harahap
Authors: Sari Deby Prana , Effendi M. Syahrun
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study was to describe the general conversational implicature, scale conversation implicature, and special conversation implicature in in the Sweet 20 film by Ody C. Harahap. The research method used is qualitative research methods. Data collection techniques used are documentation techniques and refer to techniques. Data analysis techniques by transcribing the entire contents of the film, marking implicature, interpreting, and making conclusions. Test the validity of the data with member checking and expert validity. From the results of the study, the dominant implicature used in the Sweet 20 film by Ody C. Harahap is a specific conversation implicator as much as 75%, followed by a general conversation implicator as much as 21.33%, and finally the scale implication as much as 3.79%. The specific implications of the conversation in the form of using the language of speakers tend to use special words that only the speaker can understand the meaning or purpose of the speech. The Sweet 20 film is personal and familial in delivering speeches by speakers. From the results of this study, what needs to be considered is that when writing films Indonesian language teachers should pay attention to the composition of the use of implicature types.
Gregoire Nicolis, of the Founders of Complexity Science: A Recollection
Authors: Basios V. , Nicolis S.
Published: August 2020

Gregoire Nicolis' memorable and seminal influence in the development of modern statistical mechanics, physical chemistry and nonlinear dynamics, his contribution to founding Complexity Science and memories of his tutelage are presented in this short review. After tracing the guiding ideas of his numerous contributions we discuss two particular and contemporary unfolding areas of research that constitute part of his rich heritage. The first stemmed of his later work on a new paradigm of crystallization and aggregation and has to do with the new developments towards self-organized, adaptive or 'smart' materials. The second is related to his arching interdisciplinary ideas concerning complex systems that, having reached biology, are leading the investigation of coordinated motion and decision making in collective dynamics of social animals.
Modeling of Screw-Dental Structure Interaction: First Step Toward Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Pasculli A. , Rizzo F. , Mangifesta M. , Viskovic A. , Sanctis A. De , Iezzi G. , Perrotti V. , Piattelli A. , Aprile G.
Published: August 2020

This research is focused on the screw-structure interaction under dynamic impulses aimed to the contact analysis of gap propagation at dental implant-abutment interface under dynamic loading. The purpose is to investigate the fracture mechanism that occurs during the screw penetration in a support and during the support vibration. Numerical Finite Element (FEM) analyses are calibrated through experimental laboratory measurements on support materials and screws typologies. Uncertainty due to the laboratory error propagation is investigated using Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE) of experimental measurements. The research is planned through the following steps: FEM calibration trough laboratory experiments on materials; laboratory experiments and material mechanics identification; uncertainty error propagation analysis through PCE expansion; fragility curves for numerical model calibration; FEM models calibration trough laboratory measurements on cycling loads. Therefore, the main purpose of the research activity, of which this article constitutes a preliminary and an explorative step, is to study a methodology that minimizes the local damage of the dental material due to the generation of micro-cracks following the implantation actions. Accordingly, in this paper, preliminary results are reported.
Complex Dynamics and Statistics of 1-D Hamiltonian Lattices: Long Range Interactions and Supratransmission
Authors: Bountis Anastasios
Published: August 2020

In this paper, I review a number of results that my co-workers and I have obtained in the field of 1-Dimensional (1D) Hamiltonian lattices. This field has grown in recent years, due to its importance in revealing many phenomena that concern the occurrence of chaotic behavior in conservative physical systems with a high number of degrees of freedom. After the establishment of the Kolomogorov-Arnol'd-Moser (KAM) theory in the 1960s, a wealth of results were obtained about such systems as small perturbations of completely integrable Ndegree- of-freedom Hamiltonians, where ordered motion is dominant in the form of invariant tori. Since the 1980s, however, and particularly in the last two decades, there has been great progress in understanding the properties of Hamiltonian 1D lattices far from the KAM regime, where "weak" and "strong" forms of chaos begin to play an increasingly significant role. It is the purpose of this review to address and highlight some of these advances, in which the author has made several contributions concerning the dynamics and statistics of these lattices.
Extensive Numerical Results for Integrable Case of Standard Map
Authors: Tirnakli Ugur , Tsallis Constantino
Published: August 2020

In recent years, conservative dynamical systems have become a vivid area of research from the statistical mechanical characterization viewpoint. With this respect, several areapreserving maps have been studied. It has been numerically shown that the probability distribution of the sum of the suitable random variable of these systems can be well approximated by a Gaussian (q-Gaussian) when the initial conditions are randomly selected from the chaotic sea (region of stability islands) in the available phase space. In this study, we will summarize these results and discuss a special case for the standard map, a paradigmatic example of area-preserving maps, for which the map is totally integrable.
Crawling Motility on the Host Tissue Surfaces Is Associated With the Pathogenicity of the Zoonotic Spirochete Leptospira
Authors: Xu Jun , Koizumi Nobuo , Nakamura Shuichi
Published: August 2020

Bacterial motility is crucial for many pathogenic species in the process of invasion and/or dissemination. The spirochete bacteria Leptospira spp. cause symptoms, such as hemorrhage, jaundice, and nephritis, in diverse mammals including humans. Although loss-of-motility attenuate the spirochete’s virulence, the mechanism of the motility-dependent pathogenicity is unknown. Here, focusing on that Leptospira spp. swim in liquid and crawl on solid surfaces, we investigated the spirochetal dynamics on the host tissues by infecting cultured kidney cells from various species with pathogenic and non-pathogenic leptospires. We found that, in the case of the pathogenic leptospires, a larger fraction of bacteria attached to the host cells and persistently traveled long distances using the crawling mechanism. Our results associate the kinetics and kinematic features of the spirochetal pathogens with their virulence.
Multi-Axis Inputs for Identification of a Reconfigurable Fixed-Wing UAV
Authors: Lichota Piotr
Published: August 2020

Designing a reconfiguration system for an aircraft requires a good mathematical model of the object. An accurate model describing the aircraft dynamics can be obtained from system identification. In this case, special maneuvers for parameter estimation must be designed, as the reconfiguration algorithm may require to use flight controls separately, even if they usually work in pairs. The simultaneous multi-axis multi-step input design for reconfigurable fixed-wing aircraft system identification is presented in this paper. D-optimality criterion and genetic algorithm were used to design the flight controls deflections. The aircraft model was excited with those inputs and its outputs were recorded. These data were used to estimate stability and control derivatives by using the maximum likelihood principle. Visual match between registered and identified outputs as well as relative standard deviations were used to validate the outcomes. The system was also excited with simultaneous multisine inputs and its stability and control derivatives were estimated with the same approach as earlier in order to assess the multi-step design.
Phosphorus in Spring Barley and Italian Rye-Grass Biomass as an Effect of Inter-Species Interactions under Water Deficit
Authors: Kostrzewska Marta K. , Jastrzębska Magdalena , Treder Kinga , Wanic Maria
Published: August 2020

With global warming, the problem of soil water deficit is growing in Central Europe, including Poland, and the use of catch crops is recommended to mitigate climate changes. This study aimed to determine the influence of water deficit on phosphorus (P) content and accumulation in the above-ground biomass of spring barley and Italian rye-grass growing separately and in the mixture, and on the inter-species interactions between these crops. The study was based on a pot experiment established in accordance with the additive design. The experimental factors were as follows: A. water supply of the plants: an optimal dose and a dose reduced by 50% in relation to the optimal dose, and B. the sowing type: barley sown as a single species, rye-grass sown as a single species, and barley with rye-grass catch crop. Based on the P accumulation in plant biomass, the relative yield of barley and rye-grass, the total relative yield, and the competitive equilibrium index were determined. Water deficit had no effect on the P content in the plants, but it reduced the P accumulation in barley stems, leaves and spikes, as well as in rye-grass stems and leaves, from the emergence to the end of plants’ growing period, both when the plants were sown as a single species and as a mixture. Barley was a stronger competitor than rye-grass. Inter-species competition occurred at the stem elongation and heading of barley. The intensification of inter-species competition for P under water deficit conditions should be taken into account when recommending the undersowing of barley with rye-grass for sustainable agriculture.
Optimisation of the Resource of Land-Based Livestock Systems to Advance Sustainable Agriculture: A Farm-Level Analysis
Authors: Rendel John , Mackay Alec , Smale Paul , Manderson Andrew , Scobie David
Published: August 2020

Land dedicated to livestock contributes at least 40% of the global agricultural output. While advances in the application of geospatial information systems and remote sensing technologies offer much to agriculture, capturing and using that rich spatial biophysical information is not a feature available in most farm systems models. In this paper, we tackle this gap describing a land-based integrated grazing farm optimisation and resource allocation model (AgInform®) that departs from the use of whole farm and average data, to the integration of biological data obtained directly from each of the land units within the farm. The model allows the exploration of the dynamics of biophysical and financial performance of the farm in a steady-state, single-year approach, where the opening and closing values of the biological elements of the farm system conditions must remain the same (e.g., animal numbers, herbage mass), unless otherwise specified. The user supplies pasture growth rates, minimum and maximum acceptable pasture masses for each land management unit (LMU), differential boundary conditions to deliver defined environmental outcomes, animal performance (sheep, beef and deer), farm costs and market prices. The linear programming (LP) equations formed by AgInform® can be divided into a single objective and constraints (which accommodate the boundaries), including those placed on individual LMUs. The optimization routine uses this information to identify the mix of livestock production enterprises that maximises profit for the business. The model in maintaining the link between available pasture mass and livestock requirements for each LMU throughout all calculations, enables the livestock type and number carried, along with the pasture mass required on each LMU throughout the year to achieve the required animal performance levels to be included as model outputs. A hill land sheep and beef farm consisting of seven distinct LMUs was used as a farm-level case to assess if AgInform® (1) has sufficient flexibility to integrate biological information from each LMU; (2) could use the specified livestock performance targets to derive a feasible livestock policy that optimised resource use and farm returns; (3) can assign each fortnight animal type and number and herbage mass to each LMU; and (4) can mimic reality to produce credible solutions.
Supply and Demand Analysis of Water Resources. Case Study: Irrigation Water Demand in a Semi-Arid Zone in Mexico
Authors: López-Lambraño Alvaro Alberto , Martínez-Acosta Luisa , Gámez-Balmaceda Ena , Medrano-Barboza Juan Pablo , Remolina López John Freddy , López-Ramos Alvaro
Published: August 2020

To sustainably use water resources, it is important to quantify water availability in a certain region. Due to climate change, population increase, and economic development, water demand increases continuously. Consequently, the difference between supply and demand of water becomes a significant issue, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. In this research, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model has been applied to the Guadalupe river basin, to assess supply and demand analysis of water resources in this area, specifically for the irrigation of agricultural crops and municipal uses. From the land use, soil type, and terrain slope maps, 763 Hydrostatic Release Units (HRU) were estimated, distributed in the diverse relief types making up the basin, featured by mountains, hills, plateaus, plains, and valleys. For the crop area, 159 HRU were found with the three slope classification types, where 57 HRU represent 91% of the cultivated area on slopes, from 0 to 15%, located in the Ojos Negros and Guadalupe Valleys. The Soil Conservation Service method (SCS) was used to estimate the average monthly runoff and soil moisture content. As a result, water resource parameters related to the supply were determined with this, e.g., runoff, aquifer recharge, flow, infiltration, and others. Crop coefficient values (Kc) were used to determine crop evapotranspiration (ETc), to estimate the water demand of these for each month, using the multi-year monthly average reference evapotranspiration (ETo) calculated with the SWAT model. Overall good performance was obtained considering average monthly discharges data from the Agua Caliente gauging station. The model was calibrated, modifying the parameters chosen according to sensitivity analysis: SCS curve number, base-flow factor, ground-flow delay, and the threshold for return-flow occurrence. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool–Calibration and Uncertainty Programs SWAT-CUP has different goodness-of-fit indicators for the model e.g., determination coefficient (R2), standard deviation of the measured data (RSR), Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (NSE), and others. Multiple iterations were performed, resulting in a ratio between the root mean square error and the standard deviation of the measured data (RSR) of 0.61, a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.70, and a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) of 0.63. A supply–demand analysis of the volume generated by the runoff from the basin was performed using the method of estimating useful volume for a reservoir. It is observed in these results that only positive deviations were obtained, implying that runoff in this basin is not enough to meet monthly demand. Finally, the need to establish actions to ensure water management efficiency is highlighted, both for irrigation of agricultural crops and for supply to the region population.
Sustainable Management with Mycorrhizae and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria for Enhanced Phosphorus Uptake in Calcareous Soils
Authors: Wahid Fazli , Fahad Shah , Danish Subhan , Adnan Muhammad , Yue Zhen , Saud Shah , Siddiqui Manzer H. , Brtnicky Martin , Hammerschmiedt Tereza , Datta Rahul
Published: August 2020

Low availability of phosphorus (P) in calcareous soils is a major problem for sustainable improvement in cereals crops yield. A higher amount of calcium in soils precipitates the P, thus making it immobile in soil. Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) could be helpful in the sustainable management of immobile P in soil. However, their combined use in releasing P from rock phosphate (RP) in alkaline calcareous soils have been little investigated. In this regard, two successive field experiments were conducted to assess the interactive inoculation potential of AMF and PSB strain Bacillus sp. PIS7 with RP on the yield and P uptake of maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops in alkaline calcareous soil. The first field experiment was conducted in a complete randomized block design with 10 treatments and three replications by inoculating maize seeds with AMF and Bacillus sp. PIS7 inoculum alone and in combination with RP. Their performance was compared with single super phosphate (SSP) inorganic fertilizer. Afterward, the residual effects of inoculated AMF and Bacillus sp. PIS7 were investigated on wheat as a subsequent crop. Maize and wheat yield parameters, P uptake, AMF root colonization, and PSB population was measured. The results of both trials indicated the beneficial effects of AMF and Bacillus sp. PIS7 with RP in increasing the plants grain yield and P uptake until the second season after inoculation, as compared to controls. Likewise, maize and wheat roots colonization, PSB population density, and post-harvest soil properties were also improved by the combined inoculation of AMF and Bacillus sp. PIS7 with RP. It is concluded that PSB solubilizes the unavailable forms of P in combination with RP fertilizers in soil, and AMF ultimately transfers it to plants for growth promotion. Moreover, the combined inoculation of AMF and PSB with ground RP had more potential to improve maize-wheat yields and P uptake comparable to those obtained by using expensive phosphatic fertilizers in P deficient calcareous pH soils.
Breeding of the Crested Wheatgrass Complex (Agropyron spp.) for North American Temperate Rangeland Agriculture and Conservation
Authors: Robins Joseph G. , Jensen Kevin B.
Published: August 2020

Species from the crested wheatgrass (Agropyron spp.) complex have been widely used for revegetation and grazing on North American rangelands for over 100 years. Focused crested wheatgrass breeding has been ongoing since the 1920s. These efforts resulted in the development of 18 cultivars adapted to western USA and Canadian growing conditions. These cultivars establish rapidly, persist, and provide soil stabilization and a reliable feed source for domestic livestock and wildlife. To address ecological concerns and increase rangeland agriculture efficiency, crested wheatgrass breeding requires new emphases and techniques. This review covers the history of crested wheatgrass breeding and genetics in North America and discusses emerging methods and practices for improvement in the future.
Rice Yield Gaps in Smallholder Systems of the Kilombero Floodplain in Tanzania
Authors: Kwesiga Julius , Grotelüschen Kristina , Senthilkumar Kalimuthu , Neuhoff Daniel , Döring Thomas F. , Becker Mathias
Published: August 2020

To meet the growing rice demand in Africa, gaps between actual and attainable yields have to be reduced. In Tanzania, this particularly concerns smallholder rain-fed production systems in the floodplains. After quantifying the existing yield gaps, key contributing factors need to be analyzed to improve site-specific management. Field experiments were conducted for three years and in three pedo-hydrological environments (fringe, middle, and center positions) of the Kilombero floodplain to evaluate: (1) The grain yield under farmers’ management (actual yield), (2) yield with the best-recommended management (attainable yield), and (3) the non-limited yield simulated by the APSIM model (potential yield). In the field, we additionally assessed incremental effects of (1) field bunding and soil levelling, (2 and 3) additionally applying of 60 kg N ha−1, as urea or as farmyard manure (FYM), and (4 and 5) incorporating in-situ-grown leguminous green manures. Attainable yields were determined with mineral N application at 120 kg ha−1, additional PK fertilizer and supplemental irrigation. On average across years and positions, the potential, the attainable, and farmers’ actual yields were 11.5, 8.5, and 2.8 t ha−1 indicating a high total yield gap. About 16–38%, 11–20%, and 28–42% of this gap could be attributed to non-controllable yield-reducing (i.e., pest and diseases), yield-limiting (i.e., water and nutrient deficiencies), and yield-defining factors (i.e., poor soil and crop management), respectively. Results indicate a closure of the exploitable yield gap (differences between attainable and farmers’ actual yields) by up to 6.5 t ha−1 (nearly 60% of the potential yield). This exploitable yield gap was larger in 2016 than in 2017. Also, the gap was larger in the water-limited fringe and middle than in the frequently submerged center positions. Simple field bunds combined with land levelling could close 15–35% of the exploitable yield gap, depending on field positions and year. FYM or green manures were less effective than mineral N; however, in 2017 and in the wetter middle and center positions, they reduced the yield gap by >50%. We conclude that yield gaps in rainfed rice in Kilombero floodplain are large, but that a site- and system-specific adaptation of crop management can close much of the exploitable yield gap and increase grain yields by 0.7–4.8 t ha−1. Similar benefits may be obtained in other hydrologically variable floodplain environments of the region and beyond.
Silicon Modulates the Production and Composition of Phenols in Barley under Aluminum Stress
Authors: Vega Isis , Rumpel Cornelia , Ruíz Antonieta , Mora María de la Luz , Calderini Daniel F. , Cartes Paula
Published: August 2020

Silicon (Si) exerts beneficial effects in mitigating aluminum (Al) toxicity in different plant species. These include attenuating oxidative damage and improving structural strengthening as a result of the increased production of secondary metabolites such as phenols. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of Si on phenol production and composition in two barley cultivars under Al stress. Our conceptual approach included a hydroponic experiment with an Al-tolerant (Sebastian) and an Al-sensitive (Scarlett) barley cultivar treated with two Al doses (0 or 0.2 mM of Al) and two Si doses (0 or 2 mM) for 21 days. Chemical, biochemical and growth parameters were assayed after harvest. Our results indicated that the Al and Si concentration decreased in both cultivars when Al and Si were added in combination. Silicon increased the antioxidant activity and soluble phenol concentration, but reduced lipid peroxidation irrespective of the Al dose. Both barley cultivars showed changes in culm creep rate, flavonoids and flavones concentration, lignin accumulation and altered lignin composition in Si and Al treatments. We concluded that Si fertilization could increase the resistance of barley to Al toxicity by regulating the metabolism of phenolic compounds with antioxidant and structural functions.
Effects of Iron Deficiency on Serum Metabolome, Hepatic Histology, and Function in Neonatal Piglets
Authors: Dong Zhenglin , Wan Dan , Yang Huansheng , Li Guanya , Zhang Yiming , Zhou Xihong , Wu Xin , Yin Yulong
Published: August 2020

Few studies focused on the effects of iron on characterizing alterations of metabolic processes in neonatal piglets. In the present study, 16 neonatal piglets were randomly assigned to two groups. In the first group piglets were given an intramuscularly injection of iron dextran at 150 mg as a positive control (CON) and the second group were not supplemented with iron as a negative control for iron deficiency (ID). At day 8, iron status, serum biochemical parameters, serum metabolome, hepatic histology, and hepatic expression of genes for the metabolism were analyzed. Results indicated that piglets without iron supplementation had significantly reduced iron values and increased blood urea nitrogen concentrations at day 8 (p < 0.05). Analysis of serum metabolome revealed that concentrations of serum lysine, leucine, tyrosine, methionine, and cholesterol were significantly decreased while concentrations of 3-Methyldioxyindole, chenodeoxycholate acid, indoleacetic acid, icosadienoic acid, phenylpyruvic acid, pantothenic acid, ursocholic acid, and cholic acid were significantly increased in iron deficient piglets (p < 0.05). Furthermore, expressions of cyp7a1 and the urea cycle enzyme (ornithinetranscarbamoylase and argininosuccinate synthetase) were significantly increased in iron deficient pigs (p < 0.05). The present experimental results indicated that neonatal piglets without iron supplementation drop to borderline anemia within 8 days after birth. Iron deficiency led to a series of metabolic changes involved in tyrosine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, bile secretion, primary bile acid biosynthesis, steroid biosynthesis, and upregulated activities of the urea cycle enzymes in the liver of neonatal piglets, suggesting early effects on metabolic health of neonatal piglets.
Short-Term Economic Impact of COVID-19 on Spanish Small Ruminant Flocks
Authors: Vidaurreta Irene , de la Fe Christian , Orengo Juan , Gómez-Martín Ángel , Benito Bernardino
Published: August 2020

The human pandemic COVID-19 caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) started in China in 2019 and has rapidly spread around the world, leading to extreme control measures such as population confinement and industry activity closure. Although small ruminants are not sanitary affected by this virus, the short-term economic impact derived by COVID-19 on Spanish flocks is estimated in this study, using data provided by producers and two major slaughterhouses. Milk prices of dairy goat flocks suffered a substantial drop in April 2020, close to 4.5 cts EUR/liter compared to the previous month. In contrast, the monthly milk prices in sheep remained almost stable during this period, and even increases of more than EUR 6 cts were reported in comparison with the previous year. Nevertheless, economical differences are reported by areas where producers could receive a higher income, close to EUR 0.3 per liter of milk. Global data provided by feedlots affecting 2750 Spanish flocks evidenced a lamb price drop ranging from 16.8% to 26.9% after the pandemic arrival; in line with the data directly reported by a limited sample of producers (ranging from 11.0% to 23.7%). The goat kid meat market also suffered a reduction in prices per kg, near 12.5%; although, for some flocks, losses reached up to 40%. In the same line, 2 slaughterhouses reported a sudden sacrifice drop around 27% for lambs and goat kids sacrifices in April, in contrast with the usual sacrifice figures from the beginning of 2020. Moreover, our study showed a temporary and unexpected retention of lambs and goat kids at farms due to a reduction in animals slaughtered during this period. In conclusion, data evidenced a considerable negative economic impact on Spanish small ruminant flocks, throughout the first 60 days after COVID-19’s pandemic declaration. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term economic consequences, in order to establish contingency plans and avoid the collapse of small ruminant industries when a crisis of these characteristics occurs.
Optimization of Methods for the Production and Refolding of Biologically Active Disulfide Bond-Rich Antibody Fragments in Microbial Hosts
Authors: Ban Bhupal , Sharma Maya , Shetty Jagathpala
Published: August 2020

Antibodies have been used for basic research, clinical diagnostics, and therapeutic applications. Escherichia coli is one of the organisms of choice for the production of recombinant antibodies. Variable antibody genes have canonical and non-canonical disulfide bonds that are formed by the oxidation of a pair of cysteines. However, the high-level expression of an antibody is an inherent problem to the process of disulfide bond formation, ultimately leading to mispairing of cysteines which can cause misfolding and aggregation as inclusion bodies (IBs). This study demonstrated that fragment antibodies are either secreted to the periplasm as soluble proteins or expressed in the cytoplasm as insoluble inclusion bodies when expressed using engineered bacterial host strains with optimal culture conditions. It was observed that moderate-solubilization and an in vitro matrix that associated refolding strategies with redox pairing more correctly folded, structured, and yielded functionally active antibody fragments than the one achieved by a direct dilution method in the absence of a redox pair. However, natural antibodies have canonical and non-canonical disulfide bonds that need a more elaborate refolding process in the presence of optimal concentrations of chaotropic denaturants and redox agents to obtain correctly folded disulfide bonds and high yield antibodies that retain biological activity.
Prediction of Clearance of Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies and Non-Antibody Proteins in Children: Application of Allometric Scaling
Authors: Mahmood Iftekhar
Published: August 2020

Allometric scaling can be used for the extrapolation of pharmacokinetic parameters from adults to children. The objective of this study was to predict clearance of therapeutic proteins (monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies and non-antibody proteins) allometrically in preterm neonates to adolescents. There were 13 monoclonal antibodies, seven polyclonal antibodies, and nine therapeutic proteins (non-antibodies) in the study. The clearance of therapeutic proteins was predicted using the age dependent exponents (ADE) model and then compared with the observed clearance values. There were in total 29 therapeutic proteins in this study with 75 observations. The number of observations with ≤30%, ≤50%, and >50% prediction error was 60 (80%), 72 (96%), and 3 (4%), respectively. Overall, the predicted clearance values of therapeutic proteins in children was good. The allometric method proposed in this manuscript can be used to select first-in-pediatric dose of therapeutic proteins in pediatric clinical trials.
Mycobacterium szulgai Lung Disease or Breast Cancer Relapse—Case Report
Authors: Kempisty Anna , Augustynowicz-Kopec Ewa , Opoka Lucyna , Szturmowicz Monika
Published: August 2020

Cancers are one of the risk factors of non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung disease. The majority of data in this group of patients concern infections caused by Mycobacterium avium—the most prevalent NTM species worldwide. In contrast, limited information can be found regarding the uncommon NTM such as Mycobacterium szulgai. We present the case of M. szulgai lung disease in a patient with a history of breast cancer. Coexistence of NTM lung disease and breast cancer lung metastasis as well as primary lung cancer was suspected. Finally, neoplastic disease was ruled out based on negative results of endobronchial biopsy and negative tumor markers for lung and breast cancer. M. szulgai lung disease was successfully treated with rifampicin, ethambutol and clarithromycin.