bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of The Law of the Land
Authors: Sachs JL
Published: August 2015

Almost anyone who has attempted to explain the law and its beginnings has felt the necessity for a lucid and comprehensive book. This new and fascinating work by Charles Rembar, a New York lawyer, is such a study for lawyers and others.
Individual Cytokines Modulate the Neurological Symptoms ofATMDeficiency in a Region Specific Manner
Authors: Hui Chin Wai , Herrup Karl
Published: August 2015

Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a multisystemic neurodegenerative disease of childhood caused by the absence of functional ATM (A-T mutated) protein. The cerebellar cortex has the most obvious neuropathology, yet cells in other brain regions are also abnormal. A-T mouse models have been produced that replicate much, though not all, of the complex A-T phenotype. Nongenetic factors, including modulations of the immune status of the animal, have also recently been found to play a role in the disease phenotype. Here we report that these modulations show both cytokine and brain region specificity. The CNS changes induced by broad-spectrum immune challenges, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections are a complex mixture of neuroprotective (TNFα) and neurodegenerative (IL1β) cytokine responses that change over time. For example, LPS first induces a protective response in A-T neurons through activation of tissue repair genes through infiltration of monocytes with M2 phenotype, followed over time by a set of more degenerative responses. Additional phenotypic complexity arises because the neuronal response to an immune challenge is regionally variable; cerebellum and cortex differ in important ways in their patterns of cellular and biochemical changes. Tracking these changes reveals an important though not exclusive role for the MAP kinase pathway. Our findings suggest brain responses to cytokine challenges are temporally and regionally specific and that both features are altered by the absence of ATM. This implies that management of the immune status of A-T patients might have significant clinical benefit.
The South China Sea
Authors: Tønnesson Stein
Published: August 2015

The article looks at three ways in which international law has affected government behavior in the South China Sea. It has exacerbated disputes. It has probably curtailed the use of force. And it has made it difficult to imagine solutions that violate the law of the sea.
The US Rebalance and Southeast Asia
Authors: Simon Sheldon W.
Published: August 2015

This article assesses Southeast Asian views of the US “rebalance,” examining reactions to US military deployments, military assistance to partners, and support for Southeast Asian diplomacy on South China Sea conflicts. Although not ostensibly designed to contain China, the rebalance provides Southeast Asia with hedging options against more assertive PRC actions in the South China Sea.
Better to burn out than it is to rust: coordinating cellular redox states during aging and stress
Authors: Rongo Christopher
Published: August 2015

Both the protein homeostasis (proteostasis) and the oxidation/reduction (redox) environment of the cell play critical roles in disease‐ and age‐associated decline, yet the relationship between the two remains mysterious. In this issue of The EMBO Journal, Kirstein et al () show that both the cytosol and the ER shift their redox states in response to proteotoxic stress and that stress in one compartment can alter redox state in the other. Moreover, proteotoxic stress can induce changes in redox state across tissues, suggesting that an organism‐wide surveillance mechanism modulates cellular redox environment.
Characterisation of Sequential Solvent Fractionation and Base-catalysed Depolymerisation of Treated Alkali Lignin
Authors: Ang Aikfei , Ashaari Zaidon , Bakar Edi Suhaimi , Ibrahim Nor Azowa
Published: August 2015

An alkali lignin (OL) with a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 11646 g/mol was used to prepare low-molecular weight lignin for resin synthesis. The low-molecular weight lignin feedstock was obtained via base-catalysed depolymerisation (BCD) treatments at different combined severity factors. Sequential fractionation of the OL and BCD-treated lignins using organic solvents with different Hildebrand solubility parameters were used to alter the homogeneity of the OL. The yield and properties of OL itself and OL and BCD-treated OL dissolved in propan-1-ol (F1), ethanol (F2), and methanol (F3) were determined. Regardless of the treatment applied, a small amount of OL was dissolved in F1 and F2. The BCD treatment did not increase the yield of F1 but did increase the yields of F2 and F3. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) showed that the repolymerization reaction occurred in F3 for all BCD-treated OL, so these lignins were not suitable for use as feedstocks for resin production. The GPC, 13Carbon-nuclear magnetic resonance, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses confirmed that the F3 in OL exhibited the optimum yield, molecular weight distribution, and chemical structure suitable for use as feedstocks for resin synthesis.
Belt Buckles—Increasing Awareness of Nickel Exposure in Children: A Case Report
Authors: Goldenberg Alina , Admani Shehla , Pelletier Janice L. , Jacob Sharon E.
Published: August 2015

Children, especially those with atopic dermatitis, are at risk for nickel sensitization and subsequent dermatitis from metal-containing objects, namely belt buckles. We describe allergic contact dermatitis in 12 children with peri-umbilical nickel dermatitis (with and without generalized involvement) caused by dimethylglyoxime-positive belt buckles. The patients’ symptoms resolved with avoidance of the nickel-containing products.
Abordaje metodológico para formulación participativa de planes de asistencia técnica agropecuaria con enfoque territorial
Authors: Rodríguez Espinosa Holmes , Ramírez Gómez Carlos Julián
Published: August 2015

La identificación colectiva de necesidades y la toma conjunta de decisiones en la formulación de proyectos para el desarrollo agropecuario es un proceso que requiere la identificación de metodologías participativas para fomentar el compromiso activo y reflexivo de los productores.  El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar un abordaje metodológico para la formulación participativa de planes generales de asistencia técnica con enfoque territorial.  Se realizó un análisis matricial para la identificación y priorización de los factores más limitantes en asistencia técnica para la producción de leche y se definieron las alternativas de solución, por medio de talleres participativos con los productores.  Los resultados permitieron evidenciar las ventajas del proceso de reflexión colectiva por parte de la comunidad beneficiaria y de las herramientas cuantitativas, reduciendo la subjetividad en la toma de decisiones, mejorando la participación de los beneficiarios en la planificación de su propio desarrollo y la identificación de alternativas aceptables para el productor y viables en su implementación por parte del municipio para superar las deficiencias en el manejo de los suelos y de las pasturas, la implementación de buenas prácticas y el manejo racional de agroquímicos.
Evaluación de las herramientas de secuenciación masiva (NGS) para identificar genes asociados con tolerancia al estrés hídrico en caña de azúcar
Authors: Riascos Arcos John Jaime , Espitia Navarro Héctor Fabio , López Gerena Jershon
Published: August 2015

En la investigación se evaluó la utilidad de las nuevas tecnologías de secuenciación masiva NGS en la identificación de genes expresados en variedades de caña, bajo condiciones de estrés por déficit hídrico o por anegamiento. No obstante que en la actualidad la secuenciación masiva NGS es la metodología preferida en estudios de transcriptómica comparativa, en el caso de la caña de azúcar (Saccharum spp.) es necesario verificar su utilidad, si se tiene en cuenta la complejidad de su genoma y que herramientas útiles, como un genoma de referencia, no se encuentran disponibles. Para el estudio se seleccionaron dos variedades de caña para cada tipo de estrés (una tolerante y una susceptible) tanto en el caso del déficit hídrico como en el caso del anegamiento. Cada una de estas variedades se mantuvo bajo condiciones de estrés (niveles medio o severo) por déficit de agua o por anegamiento para inducir la expresión de los ARNm de interés. Para cada una se crearon tres bibliotecas de ADNc a partir de tejido foliar (para un total de 12 bibliotecas), las cuales se secuenciaron usando la metodología Illumina-RNA-Seq. Los resultados de expresión diferencial obtenidos a partir de estos análisis mostraron ortólogos de genes previamente identificados como contribuyentes a la tolerancia causada por el déficit hídrico o el anegamiento. También fue posible diferenciar entre los niveles de expresión de transcritos altamente similares. Los resultados aquí presentados permiten concluir la utilidad de las metodologías NGS en estudios de transcriptómica comparativa de caña de azúcar.

 
Determinación de los niveles de colesterol Ldl comparando el método precipitado vs la fórmula de friedewald en caninos
Authors: Osorio Orozco José Henry , Vinasco Rodríguez Jazmin
Published: August 2015

El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar el método de precipitación con el método de fórmula de Friedewald para la determinación de colesterol LDL en caninos. Fueron tomadas en estado de ayuno, muestras de sangre de 185 caninos adultos de diferente raza y sexo. Se determinaron los niveles de colesterol LDL mediante el método precipitado, posteriormente fueron determinados los niveles de colesterol LDL utilizando el método de Friedewald. Los resultados fueron analizados estadísticamente mediante ANOVA de una vía.  El método precipitado reportó valores en mg/dl de promedio, mínimo, máximo, rango y desviación estándar de 52,40; 2,66; 132,67; 130,01 y 24,29 respectivamente y el método de Friedewald mostro valores (mg/dl) en el mismo orden de 65,19; 4,55; 184,20; 179,65 y 31,51 respectivamente. El valor de P en el test F fue menor a 0.05, indicando diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los dos métodos analizados con un nivel de confianza del 95,0%. En conclusión se recomienda utilizar el método precipitado para la determinación de los niveles de colesterol LDL en caninos.
Evaluación multicriterio de 44 introducciones de Tithonia diversifolia (hemsl.) Gray en Candelaria, Valle del Cauca
Authors: Holguín Castaño Vilma , Ortíz Grisalez Sanín , Velasco Navia Alexis , Mora Delgado Jairo
Published: August 2015

La producción de forrajes, como fuente principal de alimentación de bovinos, ha generado proteína de alta calidad en carne y leche para satisfacer las necesidades humanas. La elección de forrajes no sólo debe basarse en las virtudes agronómicas, sino también en su valor nutricional, palatabilidad y nivel de toxicidad para el ganado. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la respuesta productiva forrajera de 44 introducciones de T. diversifolia, provenientes de varias localidades del centro occidente de Colombia, establecidas en una colección en el Centro Experimental Universidad Nacional sede Palmira (CEUNP). Candelaria, Colombia. Coordenadas 2°06' N y 65°03' O, con temperatura de 26 °C y precipitación promedio anual de1532 mm. Se evaluaron indicadores morfoagronómicos y nutricionales de las 44 introducciones; luego estas se clasificaron mediante estadística multivariada y la posterior aplicación de índices integrales (Índice de Potencial Forrajero Ponderado e Índice de Rendimiento y Calidad Ponderado). Se seleccionaron las ocho introducciones más rendidoras y de mejor calidad nutricional; posteriormente solo cuatro fueron identificados como las más promisorias (17.9; 22.14; 13.5 y 1.2). Se concluye que el uso de índices integrales multicriterio facilita la selección de materiales rendidores, con base en diferentes criterios  de adaptabilidad, productividad y calidad de las especies.
Az allergia laboratóriumi diagnosztikájának rövid hazai története, a jelen lehetőségei és a jövő perspektívája
Authors: Sipka Sándor
Published: August 2015

Up to know the indications for the optimal applications of laboratory diagnosis of allergic diseases have become widely known. Measurements of allergy specific IgE and various tests of cell mediated immunity are included in the practice. It can be stated that measurements of total serum IgE and allergen specific IgE (kU/l and RAST classes) can be maintained further in the Hungarian practice with the expected continuous participation of all laboratories in the external quality control program (QualiCont). However, it is also apparent that regional introduction of the urgent “molecular (component) based allergy diagnostics” has become necessary for efficient allergen specific immunotherapy in Hungary. In cases of the allergen specific cell mediated immunologic reactions, allergen induced cell proliferation and cytokine release measurements are recommended. However, it is also obvious that application of these measurements in clinical practice need correct financial support from health care authorities. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(32), 1275–1280.
A checklist of marine larval trematodes (Digenea) in molluscs from Argentina, Southwestern Atlantic coast
Authors: Bagnato Estefanía , Gilardoni Carmen , Di Giorgio Gisele , Cremonte Florencia
Published: August 2015

A checklist of cercariae parasitizing marine molluscs from Patagonian coast, Argentina, based on literature sources and new records here presented.In total, cercariae of 31 species of marine digeneans, including 11 new records here presented, are known to infect 20 species of molluscs (14 in nine gastropods species; 17 in 11 bivalve species). These records include two species of Aporocotylidae, four Bucephalidae, one Fellodistomidae, five Gymnophallidae, one Hemiuroidea, four Lepocreadiidae, two Microphallidae, five Monorchiidae, one Notocotylidae, one Philophthalmidae, two Renicolidae, one Schistosomatidae and two Zoogonidae. For each digenean species, their hosts, habitat type, localities, infection site, prevalence, life cycle advances, and access numbers in helminthological collections and GenBank, when available, are detailed. Regarding the life cycles, eight were completely elucidated and four were partially elucidated. Moreover, there are molecular data for 15 species. The data here presented constitutes an advance in the parasites biodiversity knowledge and their life cycles.
Broad Search of Better Thermoelectric Oxides via First-Principles Computations
Authors: Hao Qing , Zhao Hongbo , Lu Na
Published: August 2015

The advancement of computational tools for material property predictions enables broad search of novel materials for various energy-related applications. However, challenges still exist in accurately predicting the mean free paths (MFPs) of electrons and phonons in a high-throughput frame for thermoelectric property predictions, which largely hinders the computation-driven search for novel materials. In this work, this need is eliminated under the small-grain-size limit, in which these MFPs are restricted by the grain sizes within a bulk material. A new criterion for ZT evaluation is proposed for general nanograined bulk materials and is demonstrated with representative oxides.
Template-free and low temperature CVD synthesis of vertically aligned 1-D ZnO nanostructures for photovoltaic devices by precursor oxidation protection
Authors: Lim Taehoon , Martinez-Morales Alfredo A.
Published: August 2015

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a crystalline material with diverse morphology, large bandgap and high visible light transparency. All of these characteristics make ZnO a suitable material for applications in optical devices such as photovoltaic cells and photodiodes. Regarding photovoltaic applications, it is necessary to grow ZnO on a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) substrate. In this work, vertically aligned 1-dimensional ZnO have been synthesized on a TCO substrate through chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Although ZnO is capable of being synthesized at lower temperatures through the use of Zn powder precursor, oxidation of precursor remains a significant limiting factor to control dimensional characteristics of the synthesized product.

In our work we have developed a method by which ZnO is synthesized under lower temperatures through the prevention of precursor oxidation and control of Zn vapor fluid dynamics. Partial pressure of Zn vapor—a significant factor in the morphology and quality of product—is controlled and maintained during growth. The morphology and crystal structure of the synthesized ZnO is characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). We also demonstrate the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with synthesized 1-dimensional ZnO, as a photoelectrode, and compare the photovoltaic characteristics of two devices fabricated under same conditions, except for the photoelectrode utilized.
GOx LbL Based Film Growth over Porous Alumina (PA) Followed by Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy
Authors: Ferro Letícia M. M. , Ferreira Marystela , Trivinho-Strixino Francisco
Published: August 2015

In this study, the growth of LbL film of polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH), polyvinyl sulfonic acid (PVS) and glucose oxidase (GOx) in porous anodic alumina substrate (PAA) was accompanied by total reflectance technique. The PAA substrate was synthesized with aluminum anodisation and sample morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Physical and Electrochemical Properties of SiOx/C Composites Prepared by a Combination of Spray Pyrolysis and High Energy Ball Milling
Authors: Molkenova Anara , Taniguchi Izumi
Published: August 2015

Spray pyrolysis has been widely used to prepare homogeneous and uniform ceramic powders with high purity. In this study, we are proposing ultrasonic spray pyrolysis followed by heat treatment to produce SiOx/C composite powders, where sucrose was used as a carbon source. Furthermore, high energy ball milling of the as-prepared powders in the presence of acetylene black was conducted to activate its electrochemical properties by reducing the particle size and improving the functionalization of the SiOxcomposite particles. SiOx/C nanocomposite finally obtained at a sucrous concentration of 0.1 mol L-1showed superior electrochemical properties, and the SiOx/C nanocomposite electrode delivered the first discharge and charge capacities of 1252 and 819 mAh g-1, respectively, with an initial columbic efficiency of 65% at a current density of 50 mAh g-1in the potential range from 0.01 to 3 V versus Li/Li+.
“It’s a bit cool and awesome”
Authors: Wilson Tom
Published: August 2015

Contrary to the stereotype of conflict between Christians and Muslims, St Aidan’s Church of England Primary School in inner-city Liverpool is a place where as one pupil said, “We are all united together,” arguably a remarkable achievement for an Anglican school with approximately two-thirds Muslim pupils. This article is based on my ethnographic fieldwork with Muslim pupils in St Aidan’s and examines the role of education and the Muslim heritage of Liverpool in shaping the identity of Liverpudlian Muslims today. The article comprises of four main sections. First, it briefly describes the context of St Aidan’s and the nature of my fieldwork there. Second, it discusses the idea of hospitality as translation. In the third, main, section, the article evaluates how the theory of hospitality as translation was realized in the life of the school, focusing on an RE lesson that I taught in St Aidan’s which outlined the history of Abdullah Quilliam’s “Muslim Institute,” which ran from 1889 to 1908 and housed the United Kingdom’s first registered mosque. Having outlined the content of the lesson, the article then critically evaluates student responses and argues that education concerning Muslim heritage is crucial for their identity formation as Muslims. The title for this article is a quote of a Muslim pupil’s reaction to learning about the existence of the Muslim Institute and typifies the positive response and growth in confidence of their identity as Liverpudlian Muslims. Finally, the article argues that Christian hospitality provides a distinctive framework within which the process of Muslim identity formation can be facilitated and that fieldwork can be combined successfully to form a theological enquiry.
Faith and Photography
Authors: Mustafa Asma
Published: August 2015

This article explores the usage of the innovative method of auto photography in eliciting perceptions of religious identity. The article explores auto-photography as a research tool assisting in understanding religious identity and identification. Using static images in auto-photography triggers the respondents in expressing their connection to their faith. These images have a potential to generate further discussion on the subject matter of faith, religiousness and belief. Auto-photography is a helpful instrument in bridging spiritual feelings/thoughts and religiously oriented actions. It encourages respondents to express their feelings regarding faith after exploring the images taken using a camera. This article debates the use of auto photography through the case study of young Muslims in Britain. Based on this research project, the auto-photography method will be analysed as a research tool, revealing its usefulness in exploring faith matters and the challenges of using this method.
Chaplaincies in a “Post-Secular” Multicultural University
Authors: Possamai Adam , Sriprakash Arathi , Brackenreg Ellen , McGuire John
Published: August 2015

As universities in Australia are faced with a growth in diversity and intensity of religion and spirituality on campus, this article explores the work of chaplains and its reception by students on a multi-campus suburban university. It finds that the religious work of these professionals is not the primary emphasis in the university context; what is of greater significance to students and the university institution is the broader pastoral and welfare-support role of chaplains. We discuss these findings in relation to post-secularism theory and the scaling down of state-provided welfare in public institutions such as universities.
Scourfield, Jonathan, Sophie Gilliat-Ray, Asma Khan and Sameh Otri. 2013. 'Muslim Childhood: Religious Nurture in a European Context'. Oxford: Oxford University Press. xv + 239pp. ISBN 978 0 19 960031 1. Hbk. £55.
Authors: Wilson Tom
Published: August 2015

Dessing, Nathal M., Nadia Jeldtoft, Jørgen S. Nielsen and Linda Woodhead, eds. 2013. Everyday Lived Islam in Europe. Farnham: Ashgate. xii+183pp. ISBN 978 1 4724 1753 4. Hbk. £60
Barker, Eileen, ed. 2013. 'Revisionism and Diversification in New Religious Movements'. Farnham: Ashgate. xiii + 271pp. ISBN 978 1 4094 6229 3. Hbk. £68.00. ISBN 978 1 4094 6230 9. Pbk. £19.99
Authors: Nita Maria
Published: August 2015

Cherry, Stephen M., and Helen Rose Ebaugh, eds. 2014. Global Religious Movements across Borders: Sacred Service. Farnham: Ashgate. xiv + 220pp. ISBN 978 1 4094 5687 2. Hbk. £65. ISBN 978 1 4094 5688 9. Pbk. £19.99. Harvey, Sarah, and Suzanne Newcombe, eds. 2013. Prophecy in the New Millennium: When Prophecy Persists. Farnham: Ashgate. xiii + 295pp. ISBN 978 1 4094 4995 9. Hbk. £74.00. ISBN 978 1 4094 4996 6. Pbk. £26.00. Kirkham, David M., ed. 2013. State Responses to Minority Religions. Farnham: Ashgate. xx + 278pp. ISBN 978 1 4724 1646 9. Hbk. £65.00. ISBN 978 1 4094 6579 9. Pbk. £19.99. Miller, Timothy, ed. 2013. Spiritual and Visionary Communities: Out to Save the World. Farnham: Ashgate. x + 248pp. ISBN 978 1 4094 3902 8. Hbk. £68.00. ISBN 978 1 4094 3903 5. Pbk. £17.99.
SATISFAÇÃO DE DISCENTES SOBRE A FORMAÇÃO TÉCNICA E PROFISSIONAL EM INSTITUIÇÕES PÚBLICA E PRIVADA (RIO GRANDE DO SUL, 2013)
Authors: Redin Ezequiel , Reimche Geovane Boschmann , Lixinski Guilherme Matias , Stivanin Jaqueline Basso , Silva Elvio Izaias da , Quadros Claudemir de
Published: August 2015

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a satisfação dos alunos do último semestre de curso de nível técnico em Administração e Contabilidade de duas instituições - pública e privada - de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, quanto ao curso escolhido, atendimento, capacitação dos professores, métodos de ensino, atitude, conteúdo e infraestrutura. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário segundo o modelo Kano modificado. Os resultados demonstram que, na instituição privada, os atributos laboratório de impressão e a modernidade dos laboratórios de informática têm maior impacto na satisfação dos alunos. Na instituição pública, o atributo laboratório de impressão e atualização dos professores são considerados os de maior impacto na satisfação. Em termos gerais, o Índice de Satisfação do Cliente Americano - ACSI -, considerando os 19 atributos deste estudo, mostra que a instituição privada apresenta um índice de 51,6%, enquanto a pública exibe um índice de 62,1%. Por fim, a pesquisa aponta uma maior satisfação dos alunos na instituição pública, enquanto na instituição privada estabelece-se uma dualidade entre o ensino, recursos humanos e infraestrutura.
INVENTÁRIO DA ENTOMOFAUNA DE ECOSSISTEMAS DA ÁREA DE PROTEÇÃO AMBIENTAL DO ARARIPE COM BANDEJAS D’ÁGUA AMARELAS
Authors: Azevedo Francisco Roberto , Moura Eridiane Silva , Azevedo Raul , Santos Cícero Mariano , Nere Daniel Rodrigues
Published: August 2015

Com o objetivo de realizar um inventário da entomofauna dos ecossistemas da Área de Proteção Ambiental da Chapada do Araripe, localizada na região do Cariri cearense, (Arajara Park, Área Agrícola, Mata Úmida e Fragmento de Floresta), foi realizado um estudo utilizando bandejas d’água de cor amarela, visando a caracterização das famílias capturadas, no período de 03 de setembro de 2010 a fevereiro de 2011 (estação seca) e 22 de março de 2011 a agosto de 2011 (estação chuvosa). A estação seca da Área de Proteção Ambiental da Chapada do Araripe favorece a maior ocorrência de famílias abundantes que a estação chuvosa devido à alteração da disponibilidade de condições e recursos, propiciando a coexistência de espécies generalistas. A ordem Coleoptera é a mais rica em famílias nas duas estações do ano tendo como papel ecológico os Crysomelidae como fitófagas e Nitidulidae como decompositoras de frutas. Os Diptera são numerosos na estação chuvosa atuando no sistema ecológico as moscas frugívoras (Drosophilidae), decompositoras de carcaças de animais (Muscidae) e predadoras (Dolychopodidae), enquanto que os Tipulidae e Chloropidae predominam na estação seca da mata úmida. Os Hemiptera da família Cicadellidae (cigarrinhas) ocorrem abundantemente na área agrícola e no fragmento de floresta por serem ecossistemas antropizados para a implantação de culturas agrícolas e pastagens. Na estação seca os Hymenoptera da família Formicidae (formigas) predominam e ocorrem em maior abundância em todos os ecossistemas por serem cosmopolitas e bem adaptados, além de apresentarem hábitos alimentares generalistas. A bandeja d’água amarela foi eficiente na captura de insetos edáficos, demonstrando nas avaliações das coletas uma considerável diversidade de famílias em todos os ecossistemas avaliados assim como nas estações seca e chuvosa, permitindo conhecer a entomofauna da Área de Proteção Ambiental do Araripe e fornecendo uma base de informações consolidada para estudos futuros.
TIRINHAS EM SALA DE AULA: O QUE SABEM OS FUTUROS PROFESSORES DE FÍSICA?
Authors: Silva Boniek Venceslau da Cruz , Ataide Márcia Cristiane Eloi Silva , Venceslau Tátila Karoline Oliveira da Silva
Published: August 2015

Neste trabalho apresentamos uma pesquisa com 22 alunos da licenciatura em física, na disciplina de Metodologia para o ensino de física, no curso de Física, na Universidade Federal do Piauí. Ela consiste na captação de informação dos futuros professores de física sobre o uso de tirinhas e histórias em quadrinhos com potencialidade de aplicação nas aulas de física. Como um dos principais resultados, notou-se que é de suma importância um momento de reflexão e discussão sobre as potencialidades e dificuldades do uso de tais ferramentas para a efetiva assimilação dos estudantes pesquisados, os quais ou já são ou serão professores de física no ensino médio.
UTILIZAÇÃO DA CIANOBACTÉRIA Spirulina maxima E DA LEVEDURA Saccharomyces cerevisiae COMO DIETAS COMPLEMENTARES NO CULTIVO DE Artemia franciscana
Authors: Souza Ivanildo Surini de , Oliveira Pedro Hercílio Cavalcante de
Published: August 2015

Diferentes combinações da cianobactéria S. maxima e da levedura S. cerevisiae foram utilizadas no cultivo de A. franciscana, com o objetivo de avaliar dietas de baixo custo e fácil manuseio, e que mantivessem as larvas desse microcrustáceo em laboratório, de modo a propiciar estudos de sua ecologia, biologia e uso na aquicultura. Para isso, 12 cones de Imhoff contendo 1 L de água do mar filtrada foram estocados com 100 náuplios e submetidos à aeração contínua, monitoramento do pH, temperatura, salinidade, oxigênio dissolvido e luminosidade, além de renovação diária de 50 % do volume de água. Durante dez dias, os náuplios foram alimentados duas vezes ao dia com 25 mg de diferentes combinações de S. maxima e S. cerevisiae, nas seguintes proporções: 100/0; 75/25; 50/50; 25/75 e 0/100. Foram avaliadas a taxa de sobrevivência, proporção sexual, proporção juvenis/adultos e performance reprodutiva. Os resultados indicaram um melhor desempenho zootécnico de A. franciscana nos tratamentos que associaram S. maxima à S. cerevisiae (75/25, 50/50 e 25/75), e desta maneira, demonstram que a referida mistura dietética, em tais proporções, é viável para manter as larvas em cultivo laboratorial.
Protestantyzm a islam w ujęciu misjologicznym
Authors: Kowalewski Wojciech
Published: August 2015

The presence of Christian missionaries amongst Muslims has raised numerous controversies from the very beginnings of the missionary movement. The history of missions shows that the missionary idea was far too frequently identified with colonialism as the missionary concept was regarded as superior to other cultures views.Such an attitude towards missions often led to the objectification of other cultures and religions as territories to be conquered and, consequently, increasing conflicts and divisions. It also had a great impact upon shaping a particular picture of the relations between Christian missionaries and Muslims.In order to build bridges between Christianity and Islam in the light of the new ecumenical paradigm of missions one needs first to realize and revise improper attitudes and assumptions made by Christian missionaries. It may be assumed that at first missionaries entered the Muslim culture with the vision of Western-style Christanisation, without paying proper respect to the religious values deeply rooted in the given culture. Such an attitude favored the development of mutual prejudice or even conflict. The crusade mentality which was represented by numerous Christian missionaries had been an attempt to gain new converts from among Muslims, often resulting in antagonistic attitudes from Islamic followers towards Christians. In time, however, such attitudes changed for the benefit of searching for Christian elements in Muslim culture. Hence the reading of the Koran with considering Christian elements (e.g. the Koranic term of Isa – Jesus, al-Masih – Messiah, and others) and an attempt to build bridges on their foundations. The missiological trend with the largest number of possibilities currently being contextualised, although it functions in various models (it has been presented in detail by, among others, John Travis).
Syriac writers and their works from the 1ˢᵗ through the 5ᵗʰ century of Christianity
Authors: Abdalla Michael
Published: August 2015

The first centuries of Christianity are abundant with the names of clergymen and other people from outside of the church hierarchy whose writing recorded in the Syriac language is still attracting the interest of researchers in numerous centres of scholarship all over the world. There is a common consensus that in the course of centuries this body of work played a role of a link between the Mesopotamian-Hellenistic-Arabic culture and the western world.
The union between Maronitae and Rome (1182) as the context of relationships between the Franks and the Oriental Churches in the Crusader states in the 12ᵗʰ century
Authors: Górecki Wojciech
Published: August 2015

The origin of the Crusader states in the territory of Asia caused an accumulation of new problems concerning co-existence among various groups of people. The groups included peoples from Europe and the Near East: the crusaders called Franks, Catholics and different groups of Oriental Christians, Muslims and Jews. This paper tries to explain how the crusaders and Maronitae could have adjusted to the agreement.  The paper illustrates the situation of the Crusader states and gives some analysis of the relationships between the Franks and the Oriental Christians and, finally, it attempts to explain the problems of the union between Latin Christians and Maronitae.
The view of the lower Tiyari village after Badr Khan Bey’s campaign in Austen Henry Layard’s account
Authors: Jasik Adrian
Published: August 2015

The article brings some account on events form the 19th century based on the text of Austen Henry Layard Nineveh and its Remains (New York 1854). The book is the result of the studies of Austin Henry Layard who spent some time between November 1845 and April 1847 conducting excavations around the ancient city of Nemrod. His notes concern both the difficulties of the search and excavation and also his numerous trips around the region, including the Tiyari Mountains and Yezidi-inhabited Sinjar. There are many descriptions of the everyday life of the Arab tribes living around Mosul and also the everyday life of the main city of the province.
The Cultural Heritage of the Knanaya Christians
Authors: Grysa Bartłomiej
Published: August 2015

The Knanaya customs, compared to other St Thomas Christians, are characterized by considerable colour and they draw from various traditions: Jewish, Syriac and Indian. Semitic in prayer, Indian in culture and Christian in their faith the Knanites scattered all over the world are undoubtedly an important element of the culture of India, representing religion that put down roots in this country earlier than in many parts of Europe.
Arabic Culture of the Melchite Church in the early Middle Ages (7th–11th Centuries)
Authors: Kościelniak Krzysztof
Published: August 2015

Christians that were loyal to the orthodoxy of the Chalcedony ecumenical Council (451) were named as “Melchites” by Heterodox monophysites, that is Copts in Egypt and Jacobits in Syria. Before the Moslem conquest the Melchite were mainly connected with Grecian culture, although they became influenced by the Arabic and Syriac environment. The Moslem conquest of Syria (636) took the Melkite homeland out of Byzantine control and placed it under the occupation of the Arab invaders. Although the Byzantine cultural influence, the Greek language and culture remained important for the Melkites, Melkite tradition became systematically fused with the Arabic language and culture.
Anti-Christian violence in the Indian State of Orissa in 2008 in the reports of non‑governmental organizations
Authors: Malec Joanna
Published: August 2015

In August 2008 India became a place of intense attacks on Christians. Orissa – the state located on the eastern coast of the Bay of Bengal – was the centre of these events and the most affected area was the Kandhamal District.
Persian Bible translations in India in the early 19th century
Authors: Rzepka Marcin
Published: August 2015

Taking into consideration the Persian Bible translation in the early 19th century in India some questions arise, including: where the Persian language was spoken, what the method of translation was and who the missionaries imagined to be the best receiver of such translation. While searching for the answer we depend mostly on the vast collection of missionary literature from the 19th century, historical accounts and reports of British and Foreign Bible Society and – what is the most important – the diary and letters of one of the translators – Henry Martyn.
Changes in the Structure of a Nigerian Soil under Different Land Management Practices
Authors: Ogunwole Joshua Olalekan , Pires Luiz Fernando , Shehu Bello Muhammed
Published: August 2015

Quantification of soil physical quality (SPQ) and pore size distribution (PSD) can assist understanding of how changes in land management practices influence dynamics of soil structure, and this understanding could greatly improve the predictability of soil physical behavior and crop yield. The objectives of this study were to measure the SPQ index under two different land management practices (the continuous arable cropping system and natural bush fallow system), and contrast the effects of these practices on the structure of PSD using soil water retention data. Soil water retention curves obtained from a pressure chamber were fitted to van Genuchten’s equation, setting m (= 1-1/n). Although values for soil bulk density were high, soils under the continuous arable cropping system had good SPQ, and maintained the capacity to support root development. However, soils under the natural bush fallow system had a worse structure than the continuous arable system, with restrictions in available water capacity. These two management systems had different PSDs. Results showed the inferiority of the natural bush fallow system with no traffic restriction (which is the common practice) in relation to the continuous arable cropping system in regard to physical quality and structure.
Desigualdade no acesso a medicamentos para doenças crônicas em mulheres brasileiras
Authors: Katrein Flávia , Tejada Cesar Augusto Oviedo , Restrepo-Méndez Maria Clara , Bertoldi Andréa D.
Published: August 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a prevalência de acesso a medicamentos para tratamento de doenças crônicas e a existência de desigualdades socioeconômicas no acesso. Os dados são da Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde e da Mulher e da Criança de 2006, com uma amostra de 15.575 mulheres (15 a 49 anos). Dessas, 7.717 tiveram diagnóstico de doença crônica com necessidade de obtenção de medicamento e foram consideradas elegíveis para o estudo. O desfecho foi construído com base no diagnóstico de doença crônica e na necessidade de obtenção de medicamento para o tratamento. A análise ajustada foi conduzida usando-se a regressão de Poisson. Os grupos que apresentaram maior prevalência de acesso foram os domiciliados na zona rural, com uma ou duas doenças crônicas e com nível socioeconômico mais elevado. A prevalência de acesso encontrada foi alta, no entanto, as análises demonstram que existe desigualdade socioeconômica no acesso a medicamentos a favor dos mais ricos, identificando como grupo mais vulnerável aquele dos indivíduos mais pobres e com maior número de doenças crônicas.
Relação pai-bebê no contexto da prematuridade: gestação, internação do bebê e terceiro mês após a alta hospitalar
Authors: MEDEIROS Fernanda Borges de , PICCININI Cesar Augusto
Published: August 2015

O presente estudo buscou compreender o impacto do nascimento pré-termo na relação pai-bebê. Participaram do estudo três pais de bebês nascidos pré-termo, com idade entre 27 e 45 anos e que residiam com a mãe do bebê. Foi utilizado um delineamento longitudinal de estudo de caso coletivo, envolvendo entrevistas sobre a relação do pai com o bebê no período gestacional, no período de internação da criança e no terceiro mês após a alta hospitalar. Os relatos foram analisados por meio de análise de conteúdo qualitativa. De modo geral, constataram-se expressivas transformações na interação pai-bebê no lapso de tempo compreendido entre a gestação e o terceiro mês após a alta hospitalar. Além disso, os resultados revelaram a importância das visitas frequentes ao bebê durante a internação, para o estabelecimento daquela relação. Por outro lado, ficou evidente o receio de contato físico, em especial nas primeiras semanas de hospitalização, o que deve ser considerado nas intervenções pai-bebê durante a internação.
Contribuições dos objetos de aprendizagem para ensejar o desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico nos estudantes nas aulas de Física
Authors: Bulegon Ana Marli , Tarouco Liane Margarida Rockenbach
Published: August 2015

Resumo:No intuito de analisar as contribuições dos objetos de aprendizagem (OA) para ensejar o desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico nos estudantes a partir de aulas de Física, elaboramos um conjunto de atividades de aprendizagem com o uso de OA referente ao conteúdo de Termodinâmica. As atividades foram organizadas no modelo metodológico dos Três Momentos Pedagógicos (TMP) de acordo com o Ciclo de Kolb. Essas foram encapsuladas no eXe Learning e disponibilizadas no ambiente virtual de aprendizagem Moodle aos estudantes de Ensino Médio de uma escola estadual do Rio Grande do Sul. Os resultados deste trabalho indicam que o uso dos OA, inseridos nas atividades de aprendizagem, contribuíram para o desenvolvimento de habilidades de pensamento crítico, como: atenção, observação, avaliação, análise crítica, justificativa, importância, utilidade prática, síntese, entre outras.
Intraoperative ultrasonography of the vertebral canal in dogs
Authors: Bonelli M.A. , Tudury E.A. , Santos C.R.O. , Araújo B.M. , Diogo C.C. , Silva A.C. , Costa F.S.
Published: August 2015

Intraoperative ultrasound (IOS) can provide details on various conditions of the spinal cord and vertebral canal. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of using IOS in dogs undergoing spinal surgery and to describe the main findings. The vertebral canal of 21 dogs was examined with intraoperative ultrasonography: 13 underwent spinal surgery for removal of herniated intervertebral disc material, three for stabilization of vertebral fracture/luxation, two for removal of vertebral neoplasia, and three for cauda equina decompression. Particular attention was given to signs of cord compression. Intraoperative ultrasonography was feasible and useful in dogs undergoing surgery for spinal cord or cauda equina decompression and fracture stabilization. It was not paramount for locating the compression when this had been done via computed tomography (CT), but it showed alterations in spinal cord parenchyma not observed on CT and also confirmed adequate decompression of the spinal cord. The main advantages of intraoperative ultrasonography were estimation of vascularization and extent of spinal cord lesion. Most importantly, it allowed real time evaluation of the spinal cord and vertebral canal, which permits the modification of the surgical procedure.
Performance and parasite control of different genetic groups of lambs finished in irrigated pasture
Authors: Fernandes Júnior G.A. , Lôbo R.N.B. , Vieira L.S. , Sousa M.M. , Lôbo A.M.B.O. , Facó O.
Published: August 2015

The aim of this study was to compare the following four genetic groups of hair sheep: Santa Inês (SI), Morada Nova (MN), Brazilian Somali (BS), and the F1 1/2Dorper x 1/2Morada Nova crossbreed on traits related to growth and parasitic infection. Thirty-three male lambs of the same age and of simple birth, under the same pre-weaning management conditions were used in the experiment. After weaning the animals were housed in a completely randomized design in paddocks made of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania. Along the course of the research, the performance of the four groups of sheep was observed to be negatively affected by gastrointestinal parasites, but there was a genotype effect to the average daily weight gain (ADWG), where the SI and F1 genotypes presented higher values. The effects of genotype, time and genotype x time interaction were significant in weight and corporal score (CS) measurements. The BS lambs had the highest CS values throughout the experiment despite not presenting greater weight gain when compared to the SI and F1 breeds. There were also significant effects of time and genotype x time interaction for packed cell volume (PCV) and FAMACHA© score (FAM) and only the time effect was significant in the total number of eggs per gram (EPG) and total plasma protein (TPP). The MN lambs showed higher PCV values and unlike the other groups, presented a FAMACHA© score below 3 and PCV above 23% even having a higher EPG tendency, especially in the initial phase, indicating a possible higher resilience to infection caused by gastrointestinal parasites.
Sarcopenia: evaluation of different diagnostic criteria and its association with muscle strength and functional capacity
Authors: Salame Marcelo , Costa Karen Koff da , Zottele Lucas Venturini , Muradás Raquel Rodrigues , Tierno Sibelle de Almeida , Schettinger Maria Rosa Chitolina , Premaor Melissa , Beck Maristela de Oliveira
Published: August 2015

INTRODUCTION: Sarcopenia has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in older people. However, there is still no consensus about the best diagnostic criteria for it. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate different diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia and their relationship with muscle strength and functional capacity. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Santa Maria-RS, Brazil. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Physical performance was evaluated by the Timed-get-up-and-go test (TGUG). Muscle strength was measured with a handgrip dynamometer. The proposed criteria of sarcopenia were evaluated as follows: A) appendicular lean mass index (aLM/ht2), cutoffs 5.5 kg/m2, 2SD, 10th percentile, and 20th percentile of young reference; B) a linear regression model was used to adjust appendicular lean mass (aLM) for both height and fat mass, cutoff 20th percentile of elderly. RESULTS: In total, 104 women agreed to participate in the research, 39 young (20 to 40 years) and 65 elderly (over 60 years). The prevalence of sarcopenia varied from 0% to 17.2% according to the diagnostic criteria. Regarding muscle strength, the aLM/ht2 cutoff 10th percentile was the criterion with greater area under the ROC curve. However, there were no criteria with an area under the ROC curve greater than 0.5 when TGUG was the outcome. The reclassification showed that the criterion B reclassified 66.7% with normal grip strength as sarcopenic. CONCLUSION: Of these criteria, aLM/ht2 cutoff 10th percentile had stronger correlation with muscle strength.
Absence of routine medical consultation among hypertensive and/or diabetic elders: an epidemiological study based on the Brazilian National Household Survey 2008
Authors: Ferreira Daniela Nice , Matos Divane Leite , Loyola Filho Antônio Ignácio de
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE: This exploratory study aimed to investigate the predisposing, enabling and health need characteristics associated with lack of medical visits in the last 12 months, among 23,620 elderly hypertensive and/or diabetic individuals. METHODS: In this research, we used the theoretical behavioral model of Andersen and Newman for use of health services. The data analyzed were produced by the health supplement of the Brazilian National Household Survey (PNAD) 2008, nationwide. To identify the associations, we used the Poisson regression model, which estimates the prevalence ratios and confidence intervals of 95%, considering the significance level of 5%. RESULTS: The results showed that 10.6% of the study population did not consult the doctor in the period considered, and the prevalence was higher among hypertensive subjects (10.5%) than among diabetic ones (7.1%). The lack of medical consultation was negatively associated with female sex and increasing age (predisposing characteristics), with health insurance coverage (enabling characteristic), worse self-rated health, chronic health conditions selected and the presence of hypertension associated with diabetes (health needs), while the fact of living in the Northeast, North and Midwest appeared positively associated with the event under investigation. CONCLUSION: These results corroborate those observed in national and international studies and show evidence of inequality and inequity in the use of medical consultation for this population, based on the findings related to health plan coverage and geographic region.