bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Processability Theory and German Case Acquisition
Authors: Baten Kristof
Published: November 2010

This article represents the first attempt to formulate a hypothetical sequence for German case acquisition by Dutch‐speaking learners on the basis of Processability Theory (PT). It will be argued that case forms emerge corresponding to a development from lexical over phrasal to interphrasal morphemes. This development, however, is subject to a correction factor due to the principle of direct mapping. In addition, the unmarked alignment hypothesis allows for a differentiation between similar case contexts (e.g., preverbal and postverbal nominative or accusative arguments). A cross‐sectional study was performed in order to examine whether the German case system is indeed acquired according to the hypotheses derived from PT. “Fill‐in‐the‐blanks‐exercises” were analyzed from 704 Flemish second‐language learners of German. The results of the study do indeed suggest a development in line with PT.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PARMALES (HETEROKONTA/HETEROKONTOPHYTA/STRAMENOPILES) FROM THE OYASHIO REGION, WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC1
Authors: Ichinomiya Mutsuo , Yoshikawa Shinya , Kamiya Mitsunobu , Ohki Kaori , Takaichi Shinichi , Kuwata Akira
Published: November 2010

A small siliceous species of marine phytoplankton, order Parmales (Heterokonta), was isolated and characterized for the first time with the aid of a fluorescent silicon tracer 2‐(4‐pyridyl)‐5‐([4‐(2‐dimethylaminoethylaminocarbamoyl)‐methoxy]phenyl)oxazole (PDMPO). This dye was easily detected by clear fluorescence in newly produced silica cell plates. Our isolate was surrounded by eight smooth plates without any ornamentation, suggesting a similarity to Triparma laevis B. C. Booth. TEM observation showed the typical ultrastructure of photosynthetic heterokontophytes; with two chloroplast endoplasmic reticulate membranes, a girdle lamella, three thylakoid lamellae, and mitochondrion with tubular cristae. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of SSU rDNA and rbcL genes showed that the parmalean alga was within the bolidophycean clade of autotrophic naked flagellates and a sister group of diatoms. HPLC analysis detected chl a, c1 + c2, and c3; fucoxanthin; and diadinoxanthin as major photosynthetic pigments, and a composition that is shared with Bolidophyceae and diatoms. Together, these data indicate a close evolutionary relationship between Parmales, Bolidophyceae, and diatoms. The PDMPO‐staining procedure should accelerate isolation of other Parmales species, helping to establish their diversity and aiding quantitative study of their role in oceanic processes.
17. Herpes Zoster and Post‐Herpetic Neuralgia
Authors: van Wijck Albert J. M. , Wallace Mark , Mekhail Nagy , van Kleef Maarten
Published: November 2010

Herpes zoster infection is caused by a reactivation of the latent varicella zoster virus that causes chicken pox. It appears predominantly in older adults whose immunity for the virus has waned.

The natural course of the disease is usually favorable, and the symptoms disappear spontaneously within a few weeks. Some patients, however, have prolonged pain: post‐herpetic neuralgia.

The diagnosis of acute zoster infection is made on the clinical signs including the appearance of rash. Post‐herpetic neuralgia is described as sharp, burning, aching, or shooting constantly present in the dermatome that corresponds with the earlier rash.

The objectives of treating herpes zoster are: (1) acute pain reduction; (2) promotion of recovery of epidermal defects and prevention of secondary infections; and (3) reduction or prevention of post‐herpetic neuralgia.

The objective of the treatment of post‐herpetic neuralgia is primarily pain alleviation and improvement of the quality of life.

Early treatment of the infection and the pain is believed to reduce the risk for post‐herpetic neuralgia. This persistent pain syndrome is difficult to treat. Antiepileptic drugs and tricyclic antidepressants are the first choice.

Interventional treatments, such as epidural injections of corticosteroids and local anesthetic drugs, have an effect on the acute pain but are of limited use in preventing post‐herpetic neuralgia. When conservative treatment fails in providing satisfactory relief of post‐herpetic neuralgia, a sympathetic block may be considered (2 C+); if this treatment provides unsatisfactory results, spinal cord stimulation may be considered, in a study context (2 C+). ▪
Diversity Is Our Business
Authors: Hannerz Ulf
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT Anthropologists have tended to portray their discipline as in crisis and ask whether “the end of anthropology” is near. I offer indicators to suggest that the discipline is alive and well as far as its internal activities are concerned. I then turn to the more worrying question of its external image, understandings and stereotypes more or less common among a wider public: the anthropologist as antiquarian and insensitive, slightly lost in real life. Anthropologists have been ineffective in offering a simple, coherent view of what the discipline is and what holds it together. I propose that a consistent emphasis on “diversity” as what anthropology is about best matches our combined interests and practices. To have a strong “brand” is essential under present‐day cultural and political conditions, in and out of academic life. The foregrounding of “diversity” goes with the anthropological concern with ethnography, comparison, and cultural critique.
Creative Heritage: Palestinian Heritage NGOs and Defiant Arts of Government
Authors: De Cesari Chiara
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT Beyond the commonsense dichotomy between art as radical practice and heritage as conservation, this article analyzes Palestinian heritage as the ambiguous terrain where these two practices meet, creating a language that is both locally rooted and cosmopolitan. By examining the recent Palestinian artbiennales(biennials), I show how heritage‐informed art functions as a platform for performing the future Palestinian nation‐state. Organized by a heritage organization, the biennales highlight the creativity of a new generation of Palestinian heritage NGOs, which continue a local social‐organizing tradition marked by the alliance between heritage, the arts, and liberation politics. This cultural production undermines a traditional dichotomy between heritage and counter‐memory because it represents both part of a state‐building project and an act of anticolonial resistance, suspended between what scholars term “transnational governmentality” and “counter‐governmentality.” I argue that Palestinian heritage practices constitute a form of nonstate governmentality. In this context, problems of representation acquire strong relevance.
Extending Dynamical Systems Theory to Model Embodied Cognition
Authors: Hotton Scott , Yoshimi Jeff
Published: November 2010

We define a mathematical formalism based on the concept of an ‘‘open dynamical system” and show how it can be used to model embodied cognition. This formalism extends classical dynamical systems theory by distinguishing a ‘‘total system’’ (which models an agent in an environment) and an ‘‘agent system’’ (which models an agent by itself), and it includes tools for analyzing the collections of overlapping paths that occur in an embedded agent's state space. To illustrate the way this formalism can be applied, several neural network models are embedded in a simple model environment. Such phenomena as masking, perceptual ambiguity, and priming are then observed. We also use this formalism to reinterpret examples from the embodiment literature, arguing that it provides for a more thorough analysis of the relevant phenomena.
Precocious Puberty Secondary to Topical Testosterone Transfer: A Case Report
Authors: Cavender Richard K. , Fairall Melissa
Published: November 2010

Introduction

Testosterone replacement therapy is the standard of care for androgen deficiency syndrome, and patients and physicians can choose among depot injectable, subcutaneously implanted pellet, transdermal patch, topical gel, and buccal tablet dosage forms. Topical gels have become popular and, although unintentional secondary transfer to a spouse or child is a known hazard, physicians and patients may underestimate the risk.

Aim

We report a case of precocious puberty in a 10-month-old male secondary to transfer of topical testosterone from his father, who was treated for primary hypogonadism.

Results

Once the father’s therapy was changed from a topical to a buccal dosage form, the symptoms in his son receded.

Conclusion

The potential for secondary exposure to testosterone—and its consequences—may be underappreciated by patients and by health care providers not involved in managing testosterone replacement therapy. The patient’s lifestyle (e.g., contact with children, physical limitations, daily schedule) should be part of the discussion when selecting a method of testosterone replacement therapy.
Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells Secrete CXCL5 Cytokine with Neurotrophic Effects on Cavernous Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Zhang Haiyang , Yang Rong , Wang Zhong , Lin Guiting , Lue Tom F. , Lin Ching-Shwun
Published: November 2010

Introduction

Previously we reported that paracrine actions likely mediated the therapeutic effects of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on a rat model of cavernous nerve (CN) injury.

Aim

To identify potential neurotrophic factors in ADSC’s secretion, test the most promising one, and identify the molecular mechanism of its neurotrophic action.

Methods

Rat major pelvic ganglia (MPG) were cultured in conditioned media of ADSC and penile smooth muscle cells (PSMCs). Cytokine expression in these two media was probed with a cytokine antibody array. CXCL5 cytokine was quantified in these two media by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Activation of Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) by CXCL5 was tested in neuroblastoma cell lines BE(2)C and SH-SY5Y as well as in Schwann cell line RT4-D6P2T by Western blot. Involvement of CXCL5 and JAK/STAT in ADSC-conditioned medium’s neurotrophic effects was confirmed with anti-CXCL5 antibody and JAK inhibitor AG490, respectively.

Main Outcome Measures

Neurotrophic effects of ADSC and PSMC-conditioned media were quantified by measuring neurite length in MPG cultures. Secretion of CXCL5 in these two media was quantified by ELISA. Activation of JAK/STAT by CXCL5 was quantified by densitometry on Western blots for STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation.

Results

MPG neurite length was significantly longer in ADSC than in PSMC-conditioned medium. CXCL5 was secreted eight times higher in ADSC than in PSMC-conditioned medium. Anti-CXCL5 antibody blocked the neurotrophic effects of ADSC-conditioned medium. CXCL5 activated JAK/STAT concentration-dependently from 0 to 50 ng/mL in RT4-D6P2T Schwann cells. At 50 ng/mL, CXCL5 activated JAK/STAT time-dependently, peaking at 45 minutes. AG490 blocked these activities as well as the neurotrophic effects of ADSC-conditioned medium.

Conclusions

CXCL5 was secreted by ADSC at a high level, promoted MPG neurite growth, and activated JAK/STAT in Schwann cells. CXCL5 may contribute to ADSC’s therapeutic efficacy on CN injury-induced ED.
PAROLEE RECIDIVISM IN CALIFORNIA: THE EFFECT OF NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT AND SOCIAL SERVICE AGENCY CHARACTERISTICS*
Authors: HIPP JOHN R. , PETERSILIA JOAN , TURNER SUSAN
Published: November 2010

We studied a sample of reentering parolees in California in 2005–2006 to examine whether the social structural context of the census tract, as well as nearby tracts, along with the relative physical closeness of social service providers affects serious recidivism resulting in imprisonment. We found that a 1 standard deviation increase in the presence of nearby social service providers (within 2 miles) decreases the likelihood of recidivating 41 percent and that this protective effect was particularly strong for African American parolees. This protective effect was diminished by overtaxed services (as proxied by potential demand). We found that higher concentrated disadvantage and social disorder (as measured by bar and liquor store capacity) in the tract increases recidivism and that higher levels of disadvantage and disorder in nearby tracts increase recidivism. A 1 standard deviation increase in the concentrated disadvantage of the focal neighborhood and the surrounding neighborhoods increases the likelihood of recidivating by 26 percent. The findings suggest that the social context to which parolees return (both in their own neighborhood and in nearby neighborhoods), as well as the geographic accessibility of social service agencies, play important roles in their successful reintegration.
Comparative Antioxidant Activity of Edible Japanese Brown Seaweeds
Authors: Airanthi M.K. Widjaja‐Adhi , Hosokawa Masashi , Miyashita Kazuo
Published: November 2010

Abstract:  Japanese edible brown seaweeds, Eisenia bicyclis (Arame), Kjellmaniella crassifolia (Gagome), Alaria crassifolia (Chigaiso), Sargassum horneri (Akamoku), and Cystoseira hakodatensis (Uganomoku) were assayed for total phenolic content (TPC), fucoxanthin content, radical scavenging activities (DPPH, peroxyl radical, ABTS, and nitric oxide), and antioxidant activity in a liposome system. Among the solvents used for extraction, methanol was the most effective to extract total phenolics (TPC) from brown seaweeds. Among 5 kinds of brown seaweeds analyzed, methanol extract from C. hakodatensis was the best source for antioxidants. The high antioxidant activity of the extract was based not only on the high content of phenolics, but on the presence of fucoxanthin. No significant correlation (P > 0.05) was observed between TPC per gram extract with DPPH radical scavenging activity of the methanol extracts. These observed discrepancy would be due to structural variations in the phenolic compounds, and different levels of fucoxanthin in the extracts. The present study also demonstrated the synergy in the antioxidant activity of the combination of brown seaweed phenolics and fucoxanthin.
Una fuerza de trabajo que envejece y la gestión estratégica de los recursos humanos: los desafíos en materia de dotación de personal para las administraciones de la seguridad social
Authors: McKinnon Roddy
Published: November 2010

El empleo en la administración pública creció rápidamente en los años setenta y a comienzos de los años ochenta en los países de ingresos altos. Durante este período el sector de la protección social fue una de las áreas que creció más extensamente. Muchos de los empleados de la administración pública contratados durante estos años se han jubilado o están a punto de hacerlo. Como consecuencia de ello, las administraciones de la seguridad social en el área de la OCDE van a comenzar a perder partes importantes de su personal actual en todas las categorías en un período de tiempo relativamente breve. A pesar de los llamamientos para que se haga un mayor uso de la planificación estratégica del personal y de una creciente concienciación respecto a los desafíos que plantea el envejecimiento de la fuerza de trabajo de la administración pública, las organizaciones de servicios públicos, incluidas las administraciones de la seguridad social, han reaccionado con lentitud. Este artículo trata los desafíos en materia de gestión de los recursos humanos que el envejecimiento de la fuerza de trabajo del sector público plantea a las administraciones de la seguridad social, perfila las respuestas políticas propuestas y evalúa las dificultades que implica su aplicación con éxito de un modo sistemático.
Shrimp culture in inland low salinity waters
Authors: Roy Luke A. , Davis D. Allen , Saoud I. Patrick , Boyd Chris A. , Pine Harvey J. , Boyd Claude E.
Published: November 2010

Inland aquaculture of shrimp in low salinity waters is widespread in many regions worldwide. Owing to its ability to grow and survive in low salinity environments the Pacific white shrimp, (Litopenaeus vannameiBoone) has become the candidate of choice for low salinity culture. Remediation techniques have been developed to improve the osmoregulatory capacity of shrimp reared in low salinity waters. These techniques have evaluated water modification strategies that improve low salinity waters used for production by adding potassium and magnesium fertilizers and dietary approaches that involve modification of the feeds offered to shrimp with supplements that might improve osmoregulatory capacity. Based on our own experience as well as what we found predominantly in the literature, it appears that modification of the rearing medium with potassium and magnesium fertilizers is more effective than dietary modification techniques at improving the growth, survival and osmoregulatory capacity of shrimp reared in low salinity waters.
Fabrication of poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel structures for pharmaceutical applications using electron beam and optical lithography
Authors: Bae Misuk , Gemeinhart Richard A. , Divan Ralu , Suthar Kamlesh J. , Mancini Derrick C.
Published: November 2010

Soft-polymer based microparticles are currently being applied in many biomedical applications, ranging from bioimaging and bioassays to drug delivery carriers. As one class of soft polymers, hydrogels are materials that can be used for delivering drug cargoes and can be fabricated in controlled sizes. Among the various hydrogel-forming polymers, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hydrogel systems are widely used due to their negligible toxicity and limited immunogenic recognition. Physical and chemical properties of particles (i.e., particle size, shape, surface charge, and hydrophobicity) are known to play an important role in cell-particle recognition and response. To understand the role of physicochemical properties of PEG-based hydrogel structures on cells, it is important to have geometrically precise and uniform hydrogel structures. To fabricate geometrically uniform structures, the authors have employed electron beam lithography and ultraviolet optical lithography using PEG or PEG diacrylate polymers. These hydrogel structures have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, optical microscopy, and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, confirming control of chemistry, size, and shape.
Performance evaluation of a tailings pond seepage collection system
Authors: Yasuda Naoki , Thomson Neil R. , Barker Jim F.
Published: November 2010

Disposal of oil sands tailings in ponds is a common method used by oil sands operators to manage the large volume of tailings generated from oil sands mining. This study considered a large tailings pond with an 11 km long ring dyke that was constructed of permeable tailings sand and equipped with drains and seepage collection ditches designed to collect process-affected water (PAW) from the dyke. The effectiveness of this seepage collection system was examined at the downgradient end of the tailings pond and dyke system using a focussed field investigation supported by groundwater flow modelling. A network of piezometers and drive points were installed in a 1 km2 area to facilitate hydraulic measurements and water sampling to characterize the surface water and groundwater flow system. Chemical tracers suggest migration of PAW in a shallow, permeable sand deposit beyond an inner seepage collection ditch, but elevated hydraulic heads beyond the outer ditch have prevented further migration. A groundwater flow model was used to simulate the observed hydraulic dyke conditions and estimate the amount of PAW discharging into the shallow aquifer in the study area. Under the present hydraulic conditions, the seepage collection system is currently working to effectively contain PAW.
THE 1958 LITUYA BAY LANDSLIDE AND TSUNAMI — A TSUNAMI BALL APPROACH
Authors: WARD STEVEN N. , DAY SIMON
Published: November 2010

Many analyses of tsunami generation and inundation solve equations of continuity and momentum on fixed finite difference/finite element meshes. We develop a new approach that uses a momentum equation to accelerate bits or balls of water over variable depth topography. The thickness of the water column at any point equals the volume density of balls there. The new approach has several advantages over traditional methods: (1) by tracking water balls of fixed volume, the continuity equation is satisfied automatically and the advection term in the momentum equation becomes unnecessary. (2) The procedure is meshless in the finite difference/finite element sense. (3) Tsunami balls care little if they find themselves in the ocean or inundating land. We demonstrate and validate the tsunami ball method by simulating the 1958 Lituya Bay landslide and tsunami. We find that a rockslide of dimension and volume (3 - 6 × 107m3) generally consistent with observations can indeed tumble from 200–900 m height on the east slope of Gilbert Inlet, splash water up to ~ 500 m on the western slope, and make an impressive tsunami running down the length of the fiord. A closer examination of eyewitness accounts and trimline maps, however, finds a "rockslide only" tsunami somewhat lacking in size outside of Gilbert Inlet. This discrepancy, coupled with fact that ~ 3 × 108m3of sediment infilled the deepest parts of Lituya Bay between 1926 and 1959, suggests that the source of the 1958 tsunami was not one landslide, but two. The initial rockslide generated the famous big splash and cratered the floor in front of Lituya Glacier. We propose that the impact of the rockslide destabilized the foundation of the Glacier and triggered a second larger, but slower moving subglacier slide. The subglacier slide induced the fresh normal faults on the collapsed glacier above, helped to bulk up the rockslide tsunami outside of Gilbert Inlet, and supplied most of the infill evident in post-1958 bathymetric charts.
Shen‐Fu Injection Preconditioning Inhibits Myocardial Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury in Diabetic Rats: Activation of eNOS via the PI3K/Akt Pathway
Authors: Wu Yang , Xia Zhong-yuan , Meng Qing-tao , Zhu Jie , Lei Shaoqing , Xu Jinjin , Dou Juan
Published: November 2010

The aim of this paper is to investigate whether Shen‐fu injection (SFI), a traditional Chinese medicine, could attenuate myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion (MI/R) injury in diabetes. Streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats were randomly assigned to the Sham, I/R, SFI preconditioning, and SFI plus wortmannin (a phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase inhibitor) groups. After the treatment, hearts were subjected to 30 min of coronary artery occlusion and 2 h reperfusion except the Sham group. Myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocytes apoptosis were increased significantly in MI/R group as compared with the Sham group. SFI preconditioning significantly decreased infarct size, apoptosis, caspase‐3 protein expression, MDA level in myocardial tissues, and plasma level of CK and LDH but increased p‐Akt, p‐eNOS, bcl‐2 protein expression, and SOD activity compared to I/R group. Moreover, SFI‐induced cardioprotection was abolished by wortmannin. We conclude that SFI preconditioning protects diabetic hearts from I/R injury via PI3K/Akt‐dependent pathway.
Hemostatic Proteins and Their Association With Hematoma Growth in Patients With Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Martí-Fàbregas Joan , Borrell Montserrat , Silva Yolanda , Delgado-Mederos Raquel , Martínez-Ramírez Sergi , de Juan-Delago Manuel , Tirado Isabel , Alejaldre Aída , Marín Rebeca , Martí-Vilalta Josep-Lluis , Fontcuberta Jordi
Published: November 2010

Background and Purpose—

We tested the hypothesis that proteins of hemostasia could be associated with hematoma growth (HG) in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage.

Methods—

We prospectively studied patients with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage within the first 6 hours after the onset of symptoms. HG was defined as an increase >33% in the volume of hematoma on CT obtained 24 to 72 hours after the onset of symptoms in comparison with the CT obtained at admission. We collected admission and follow-up blood samples. We measured fibrinogen, factor XIII, thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor, plasminogen, α
2
-antiplasmin, tissue plasminogen activator,
d
-dimer, thrombomodulin, thrombin–antithrombin complex, and plasmin–antiplasmin complex.

Results—

We included 90 patients with a mean age of 71±10.8 years; 61% were men. HG was observed in 35 (39%) of the patients. Mean baseline and follow-up protein measurements showed no difference between the groups with and without HG. The analysis of variance showed that factor XIII activity decreased in the non-HG group in the 24 to 72 hours sample, whereas it increased in the HG group (
P
=0.001).

Conclusion—

Factor XIII was the only measured protein related to HG. The levels at the follow-up sample decreased in the non-HG group and increased in the HG group. Further studies are needed to confirm this association.
An Order of Pure Decision: Growing Up in a Virtual World and the Adolescent’s Experience of Being-in-a-Body
Authors: Lemma Alessandra
Published: November 2010

Technological advances and the dominant values of contemporary culture make it possible and acceptable to alter, extend, or altogether bypass the body and its functions in actuality and in virtual space. This has contributed to a split between the body and the self, leading to a disembodied subjectivity that may encourage a neglect of the body’s unconscious meaning for the individual. Due to the psychic requirement during adolescence to accommodate the reality of the changing body, some vulnerable adolescents are especially primed for the seductions of virtual space—a “space” that is nowadays not only culturally sanctioned, but also idealized. The use of cyberspace can become a psychic refuge from the challenge of integrating the reality and meaning of the sexual body into the image of the self. Two case examples illustrate how for some vulnerable adolescents it is through the use of cyberspace that confusion about the real body can be denied or disavowed; for them the integrity of the self is sustained through pseudorepresentations of the body defensively experienced in terms of “play” rather than pathology.
Losing a Father All Over Again: the Termination of an Analysis of an Adolescent Boy Suffering From Father Loss
Authors: Sugarman Alan
Published: November 2010

Criteria for beginning and conducting the termination phase of psychoanalysis have provoked debate and confusion from the early days of psychoanalysis. Gabbard (2009) has recently pointed to the field’s tendency to cling to idealized versions of these criteria as a way to deal with disagreements. The situation becomes more complicated for child and adolescent psychoanalysts because their patients are in the midst of a developmental process at the very time they are engaged in a psychoanalytic process. The termination phase of an adolescent male suffering from father loss is presented in depth in order to provide clinical data toward further consideration of the vexing questions surrounding termination in psychoanalysis. His termination is used to examine the relative importance of losing the analyst as a transference object as against a developmental object; the meaning of action during termination; the complicating role of trauma vis-à-vis termination; and the importance of the post-termination phase of analysis. It is suggested that his termination phase demonstrates that a “good enough” termination involves the development of a self-analyzing capacity that continues to evolve and develop after termination.
Historical Chindian Paradigm
Authors: Chung Tan
Published: November 2010

The article is an exploration of an alternative geo-civilisational paradigm in an effort to escape the dissatisfaction with the prevalent geopolitical model. In the new ‘geo-civilisational paradigm’, the world should cherish the ideal of universal harmony as represented by ‘shijie datong’ (grand harmony in the world) aspired to by Chinese civilisation and ‘vasudhaiva kutumbakan’ (world as one family) aspired to by Indian civilisation. Such a paradigm can be established because we already have the example of it in the cultural interaction between Chinese and Indian civilisations in the past. Civilisational overlapping can create ‘metonymic thesis’ that serves to strengthen the vitality of civilisation and this only happens during the overlapping of mutually respectful and friendly civilisations. The uniqueness of the ‘historical Chindian paradigm’ is twofold, as the advent of Indian civilisation into China was by invitation and it also meant to accomplish serious business of an unprecedented inter-cultural joint venture, that is, the Sanskrit–Chinese translation enterprise. Second, the Sino-Indian cultural interaction gave a facelift to China which has uniquely survived for two millennia as the world’s sustainable civilisational state.
Analysis of Dental Gold Alloys
Authors: Swanger William H.
Published: November 2010

Complete chemical analyses of about 40 dental gold alloys were made as part of the investigation of their physical properties. These analyses required the determination of silver, gold, platinum, palladium, iridium, rhodium, copper, zinc, nickel, tin, manganese, iron, and magnesium. Methods as found in the literature for the determination of the above-named metals were modified so as to give accurate results when applied to alloys of this type. New methods were developed for the determination of tin and iridium. Many analyses of mixtures of known composition are given to show the degree of accuracy of the methods used. These methods are assembled in a detailed procedure for the complete analysis of dental gold alloys. The composition of 13 typical alloys is given in a table (page 409).
A Preliminary Description of the Dental Morphology of the Peruvian Indian
Authors: Goaz Paul W. , Miller M. Clinton
Published: November 2010

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA

DESCRIPTION PRELIMINARI DEL MORPHOLOGIA DENTAL IN INDIANOS DE PERU.—Le dentes del indianos de Peru es grande. Lor incisores es in forma de pala. Crestas labio-marginal es frequente (pala duple e tres quartos de pala duple). Incisores lateral in forma de barril se trova occasionalmente. Multe molares M1 ha 4 cuspides, con reduction del magnitude del hypocono in un medietate del casos.

Le molares M2 e M3 monstra hypoconos minus frequentmente. Un medietate del molares M3 ha tres cuspides. Le cuspide de Carabelli in le molar M 1 es infrequente, e generalmente su expression es non plus que intermedie. Le molares M2 e M3 es usualmente disproviste de cuspides de Carabelli. In 70 pro cento del molares Mi, le configuration es Y5; in 30 pro cento, illo es +5. Le molares M2 e M3 frequentemente monstra le configuration +5. Nulle caso de configuration Y4 esseva incontrate. Un protostilido esseva trovate in numerose dentes. In le molares M1, M2, e M3, su frequentia amontava a 70, 45, e 13 pro cento, respectivemente.
Analysis of the Organic Portion of Dental Calculus
Authors: Stanford John W.
Published: November 2010

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA

ANALYSE DEL PORTION ORGANIC DE CALCULO DENTAL.—Specimens de composite e de separate calculos supra- e subgingival e de calculos ab dentaturas esseva decalcificate per le uso de 0,1 N de HCl e de un solution de 15 pro cento de tetraacetato ethylenediaminic a un pH de 7,0 a 7,5. Analyses chromatographic del hydrolysatos acide monstra que le mesme amino-acidos compone le portion proteinic del calculos supragingival como del calculos subgingival. Le aminoacidos trovate in mucina precipitate es simile a illos presente in calculos salivari. Le fraction carbohydratic del matrice organic del calculos esseva studiate per chromatographia a papiro. Galactosa, glucosa, mannosa, rhamnosa, e fucosa esseva detegite. In plus, il pare esser presente un hexosamina, un deoxy-sucro, e un acido sialic.
Laser-Induced Microperforations in Teeth Sections
Authors: Kinersly T. , Jarabak J.P. , Phatak N.M. , DeMent J.
Published: November 2010

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA

MICRO-PERFORATIONES INDUCITE PER LASER IN SECTIONES DE DENTES.—Un methodo a satisfacente reproducibilitate usate in le mesuration del diametro de perforationes presente in mollite sectiones de dentes human post le impingimento a basse energia de fasces de laser a rubino indicava que le variationes incontrate in le diametros del perforationes depende del energia del fasce, del typo e del spissitate del material sub tractamento, del foco, del magnification, del distantia de portata, e del concentration del addite tinctura. Plus grande perforationes esseva producite in adamante cretose (per exemplo in carie incipiente) que in adamante non cretose. Le perforationes producite in dentina esseva uniforme solmente quando le sectiones habeva essite tincturate blau. II es possibile que tal mesurationes revela le existentia de factores que debe esser quantificate ante que nos permitte le impingimento super dentes per laser a plus alte energia.
Enamel Dissolution in Saliva and the Calcium and Phosphorus Content of Some Foodstuffs
Authors: Thanik Daman D. , Bibby Basil G.
Published: November 2010

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA

LE DISSOLUTION DE ADAMANTE IN SALIVA, E LE CONTENTO DE CALCIUM E DE PHOSPHORO IN VARIE ALIMENTOS.—Esseva determinate le perditas de peso in blocos de adamante bovin exponite durante tres horas al liquido supernatante ab salivari fermentationes de sex horas de farina de frumento, de cereales de jentaculo, de productos de ris e mais, de dulces, de productos a sucro, e de bibitas. Esseva executate comparationes con lor contentos de solubile calcium e phosphoro, lor titrabile aciditate, e lor pH. Esseva etiam usate mixturas del varie liquidos supernatante de maniera que le effectos de varie grados de contento de calcium e phosphoro poteva esser comparate. Un alte production de acido e un basse discalcification de adamante esseva constatate in le liquidos supernatante ab alimentos continente grande quantitates de calcium e de phosphoro, sed ni le un ni le altere de iste duo parametros monstrava un directe proportionalitate con le observate dissolution de adamante.
Histochemical Observations of Phosphatases in the Ulcerative Region Due to Topical Traumatic Stress in Rats Given Cortisone
Authors: Todo Hiroyuki , Kawakatsu Kensaku
Published: November 2010

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA

OBSERVATIONES HISTOCHIMIC DE PHOSPHATASES IN LE REGION ULCERATE IN CONSEQUENTIA DE TOPIC STRESS TRAUMATIC IN CORTISONATE RATTOS.—Un noma-oide formation ulceric e alterationes proliferative de osso alveolar in le region del incisor inferior esseva producite in cortisonate rattos per le application topic de stress consistente in secieaturas effectuate con cisorios-pincette al nivello del margine gingival. Observationes histochimic del phosphatases alcalin e acide in ille alterationes proliferative esseva executate le decime e le cinquantesime die del experimento a base de serial sectiones cryostatic. Proliferation ossee esseva trovate al lateres labial e lingual del osso alveolar. Un forte activitate de phosphatase alcalin esseva constatate in un extense area circumjacente le osso proliferante. Intense activitate de phosphatase acide esseva incontrate in un relativemente restringite area circum le osso proliferante. Un leve activitate de phosphatase acide esseva incontrate intra le osso proliferante mesme. Le portiones cave resultante del resorption de osso contineva grados marcate de activitate de ambe le enzymas studiate.
Co-Carcinogenesis in the Hamster Cheek Pouch
Authors: Hamner James E.
Published: November 2010

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA

STUDIOS CON CO-CARCINOGENOS IN LE SACCO GENAL DEL HAMSTER.—Un dose unic de 500, 1000, o 2000 r de irradiation roentgen, administrate ante le application al mucosa del sacco buccal de hamsters de 0,5 pro cento de 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthraceno (DMBA) causava un leve retardo plus tosto que un acceleration del formation de carcinoma de cellulas squamose. Le uso de DMBA in un solution de 0,05 pro cento in combination con le mesme irradiation roentgen produceva nulle tumores. Irradiation con 500, 1000, o 2000 r causava nulle neoplasia. Splenomegalia, hepatomegalia, e polypos del stomacho anterior esseva characteristicas prominente.
The Estimation of Nanogram Levels of Fluoride in Fractions of a Milligram of Tooth Enamel by Means of Liver Esterase
Authors: McGaughey Charles , Stowell Ellery C.
Published: November 2010

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA

LE ESTIMATION DE NIVELLOS NANOGRAPHIC DE FLUORURO IN FRACTIONES DE UN MILLIGRAMMA DE ADAMANTE DENTAL EFFECTUATE PER MEDIO DE ESTERASE HEPATIC.—Le specimens esseva incubate in le presentia de esterase hepatic e de butyrato ethylic como substrato, e le activitate enzymatic esseva determinate per titration a alcali del acido butyric formate. Le effecto de phosphato de calcium super le activitate enzymatic esseva investigate per le addition de ille sal al controlo (sin fluoruro) e al standards a un nivello equivalente a illo in le incognito ubi illo habeva essite determinate per un analyse de phosphoro. Post correction per referentia al blanco, le activitates enzymatic in le incognito e in le standards esseva convertite in procentages del activitate in le controlo. Le nivello de fluoruro in le incognito esseva alora determinate ab un graphico le qual relationava le procentages del hydrolyse de controlo monstrate per le standard con le logarithmos de lor nivellos de fluoruro.
Histogenesis of Osteoclasts
Authors: Toto Patrick D. , Magon John J.
Published: November 2010

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA HISTOGENESE DE OSTEOCLASTAS.—

Rattos blanc esseva subjicite a duo injectiones de 200 unitates de Parathormon con un intervallo de 12 horas. Tres horas post le prime injection, thymidina a tritium esseva administrate. Autoradiogrammas del maxillas esseva preparate ab specimens colligite inter hora 6 e hora 72 a partir del comenciamento del experimento. Marcate osteoplastas esseva trovate post hora 18. Illos se formava per le fusion de libere cellulas de tissu conjunctive del periodontio e del medulla. Le osteoclastas dispareva ab le lacunas inter hora 48 e hora 72. Le apparition de marcate osteocytos a iste tempore monstrava que etiam illos habeva lor origine in libere cellulas conjunctive occupante le spatio create per lacunas de Howship.
Penicillin-Resistant Streptococci from the Saliva
Authors: Watase Richard K. , Bahn Arthur N. , Haga Carl
Published: November 2010

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA

STREPTOCOCCOS PENICILLINO-RESISTENTE ISOLATE AB LE SALIVA DE PATIENTES CON FEBRE RHEUMATIC.— Le presentia de streptococcos penicillino-resistente in le cavitate oral representa un periculo potential pro le salute general de patientes con febre rheumatic e congenite morbo cardiac quando illes se subjice a un tractamento dental. Esseva studiate le saliva de patientes con febre rheumatic sub tractamento penicillinic a diurne dosage oral. Le streptococcos hemolytic alpha e nonhemolytic esseva identificate per le tests morphologic e biochimic de uso in le microbiologia diagnostic. Le resultatos del studio monstra que 45 ex 58 patientes rheumatic (77,5 pro cento) habeva disveloppate lineas penicillino-resistente de streptococcos, in comparation con solmente 7 del 58 patientes de controlo (12 pro cento).
Histologic Response of Bone to Sectioning by High-Speed Rotary Instruments
Authors: Boyne Philip J.
Published: November 2010

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA

RESPONSA HISTOLOGIC DE OSSO AL SECTION AGE PER INSTRUMENTOS ROTATORI DE ALTE VELOCITATE.—Con le utilisation de fluorescentia inducite per tetracyclina, le guarition de defectos ossee in crestas mandibulo- e maxillo-alveolari, in le margine inferior del mandibula, e in le femores de canes esseva studiate comparativemente post le production del defectos per fresas in rotation a velocitates de 200.000 rpm e, in le mesme animales, post lor production per fresas in rotation a velocitates de 5.000 rpm. Le marcage con tetracyclina revelava osso nove in omne le defectos 14 dies post le operation. Quaranta-duo dies post le operation nulle differentias quantitative o qualitative esseva observabile in le natura del responsa reparatori inter le defectos effectuate a basse e a alte rapiditates.
Microradiographic Study of Odontologic Tissues in Cooley's Anemia
Authors: Soni Narendar N. , Barbee Frank E. , Ferguson Angella D. , Parrish Barbara A.
Published: November 2010

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA STUDIO MICRORADIOGRAPHIC DE Tissu ODONTOLOGIC IN ANEMIA DE COOLEY.—

Le presente studio esseva effectuate pro determinar le effectos de anemia de Cooley super le configuration del mineralisation e le morphologia del dentes e de lor structuras de supporto. Sectiones mollite esseva obtenite ab specimens includitein bioplastico. Examines microradiographic revelava que le dentina esseva mal mineralisate e que inusual inclusiones esseva presente in le lumines del tubulos. Esseva constatate proliferation de cemento de radice. In le osso, numerose irregularmente resorbite cavitates esseva presente si ben como areas interstitial con multe lacunas e tenue cortice attenuate e discontinue.
The Oral Yeast-Lactobacillus Relationship IV. pH and Phosphate Concentration as Contributing Factors
Authors: Wilson Thomas E. , Evans Doyle J.
Published: November 2010

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA

LE RELATION INTER SACCHAROMYCETES E LACTOBACILLOS ORAL. IV. LE NIVELLO DE PH E LE CONCENTRATION DE PHOSPHATO COMO FACTORES CONTRIBUTORI.—Bacterios productori de acido lactic cresce plus rapidemente e produce plus acido in le presentia de saccharomycetes oral que in le absentia de illos. Le stimulation del crescentia de Lactobacillus casei per Candida albicans se monstrava relationate con le concentration de phosphato. Le crescentia de L. casei in un medio non conditionate per le presentia de C. albicans non esseva influentiate per le concentrationes de phosphato testate. Le stimulation del crescentia de L. casei in medios conditionate per le presentia de C. albicans esseva identic a differente nivellos de pH. Un influentia significative del saccharomycetes es que illos rende le lactobacillos capace a initiar lor crescentia e de facto a crescer con un rapiditate relative a elevate nivellos de pH.
Oxytalan Fibers in the Periodontium of Ascorbic Acid-Deficient Guinea Pigs
Authors: Kanouse M.C.
Published: November 2010

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA

FIBRAS DE OXYTALANO IN LE PERIODONTIO DE PORCOS DE INDIA A CARENTIA DE ACIDO ASCORBIC.—Le function del fibras de oxytalano non es cognoscite. Per medio de technicas de tincturation histochimic, il ha essite constatate que fibras de oxytalano differe de fibras de collageno in lor structura chimic e in lor orientation. Le objectivo del presente investigation esseva clarificar le natura de iste fibras a base de un evaluation del responsa de fibras de oxytalano a un manco de acido ascorbic. Esseva constatate que le fibras de collageno in le membrana periodontal declinava in numeros con le crescente severitate del carentia de acido ascorbic durante que le fibras de oxytalano remaneva inalterate in lor numeros e in lor distribution.
Some Factors Influencing Specific Gravity Determinations on Gold Cast Alloys
Authors: Shell John S.
Published: November 2010

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA

CERTE FACTOREs EXERCENTE UN INFLUENTIA SUPER DETERMINATIONES DEL GRAVITATE SPECIFIC IN FUSIONATE ALLIGATOS DE AURO.—Le porositate del fundages reduce le gravitate specific mesurabilemente, e certe processos technic tende a augmentar le porositate. Altere technicas tende a modificar le composition del alligatos, usualmente per reducer le contento de metallo basic e per augmentar le procentage de metallo pretiose. Le fundages esseva prostheses geometric de un peso de circa 4 grammas. Plus grande foramines de fundage resultava in omne casos in productos de plus alte gravitate specific. Nulle alterationes significative in le gravitate specific esseva observate secundo que le fundages esseva facite con o sin reservoir. Varie technicas de fusion e de fundage resultava in alterationes del composition chimic le quales esseva de un magnitude sufficiente pro vitiar le determinationes de gravitate specific.
Dental Caries Incidence in North and South Dakota Indian School Children during 30 Years
Authors: Ship Irwin I.
Published: November 2010

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA

INCIDENTIA DE CARIE DENTAL DURANTE TRENTA ANNOS IN SCHOLARES INDIAN DE NORD- E SUD-DAKOTA.-Un total de 6988 examines dental esseva effectuate in juveniles sioux visitante octo internatos de Nord- e Sud-Dakota durante le periodo ab 1959 ad 1962. Esseva effectuate comparationes con datos de prevalentia de carie dental a base de examines de 926 juveniles sioux in le mesme reservationes durante le periodo ab 1929 ad 1932. Le methodos initialmente reportate esseva observate subsequentemente. Le resultatos reflecte un augmento plus que duplice in le prevalentia pro omne le gruppos de etate studiate. Le augmentos esseva al media 1,3, 1,8, 2,3, 3,3, 4,4, e 4,5 dentes decadite, absente, o replenate pro le gruppos de etate sub 8, ab 8 ad 9, ab 10 ad 11, ab 12 ad 13, ab 14 ad 15, e plus que 15 annos, respectivemente. Plus detaliate studios es necessari pro explicar iste marcate alterationes.
Some Effects of Laser Impacts on Extracted Teeth
Authors: Gordon Thomas E.
Published: November 2010

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA

CERTE EFFECTOS DEL IMPINGIMENTO DE FASCES DE LASER SUPER EXTRAHITE DENTES.-Le impingimento de fasces de laser super extrahite dentes causava le ejection a alte velocitate de un intensemente luminose pluma de vaporisate materiales dental. Etiam le email deveniva altemente luminose. Un simile luminositate ha essite observate in tissus molle. A iste tempore le natura del mechanismo de iste stimulation non es definitemente cognoscite.
Physical Properties of Some Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cements
Authors: Anderson J. Russell , Myers George E.
Published: November 2010

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA

PROPRIETATES PHYSIC DE CERTE CEMENTOS A OXYDO DE ZINC E EUGENOL.—Le hic-reporate studio esseva concernite con le consistentia, le fortia compressive, le tempores de travalio e de prisa, le spissitate de pellicula, e le duressa del materiales studiate. Lor numero esseva 6. Le valores pro le consistentia variava inter 35 e 60 mm. Le fortias compressive variava ab 6,4 ad 219 kg/cm 2. Le tempore de travalio esseva inter 3 e 21 minutas, e le tempore de prisa final esseva inter 5,5 e 20 minutas additional. Omne le cementos produceva un spissitate de pellicula de minus que 0,04 mm. Le valores del duressa post 24 horas variava inter 0,05 e 1,1 mm de penetration.
Flow of Binary and Tertiary Mixtures of Waxes
Authors: Craig R.G. , Eick J.D. , Peyton F.A.
Published: November 2010

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA

LE FLUXO DE MIXTURAS BINARI E TERTIARI DE CERA.-Esseva constatate que le fluxo es un plus sensibile proprietate que le expansion thermic pro le studio del differentias inter varie mixturas de cera. Le fluxo de plure lots del mesme cera revelava significative differentias, indicante que un sensible test-como le determination del proprietates del fluxo-debe esser usate in seliger cera pro objectivos de recerca. Le addition de cera de carnauba a cera paraffinic resultava in un reduction del fluxo e un augmento del temperatura de transition al qual un augmento marcate in le fluxo esseva observate. Le addition de cera de ape a cera paraffinic reduceva le fluxo solo levemente. Le fluxo de mixturas tertiari de ceras non poteva esser predicite a base del fluxo de mixturas binari.
The Protrusive Movement in Articulators. II. Its Practical Importance
Authors: Derksen A.A.D. , Korenhof C.A.W.
Published: November 2010

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA

LE MOVIMENTO PROTRUSIVE IN ARTICULATORES. II. Su IMPORTANTIA PRACTIC.—In practicamente omne articulatores, le bracio superior es mobile, per contrasto con le situation natural del maxillas ubi le componente inferior, i.e., le mandibula, se move con respecto al cranio que se trova in stato de "reposo." Le reversion del natural movimento mandibular sagittal-elliptic resulta in un figura cardioide.

Un analyse de iste movimento sagittal in articulatores con varie inclinationes condylar e incisal supporta le conclusion que su deviation ab le natural curso sagittal es minus importante que le methodo de su registration in le patiente.