bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression of NY-ESO-1 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Is Associated with Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and a Good Prognosis
Authors: Lee Hee Jin , Kim Joo Young , Song In Hye , Park In Ah , Yu Jong Han , Gong Gyungyub
Published: September 2015

Objectives: Accumulating evidence suggests that immunotherapy has great potential for treating triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We analyzed the expression of NY-ESO-1, which is a potent immunogenic cancer testis antigen, and its association with clinicopathological factors in large cohorts of breast cancer patients. Methods: A total of 623 consecutive breast cancer patients who underwent surgery between 1993 and 1998 and 612 TNBC patients who underwent surgery between 2004 and 2010 at Asan Medical Center were included. Immunohistochemical staining for NY-ESO-1 was performed using tissue microarrays. Results: NY-ESO-1 was expressed in 2.6% of consecutive breast cancers, all of which were TNBC (p < 0.001). NY-ESO-1 expression was identified in 9.7% of the TNBC cohort and was significantly correlated with a higher level of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL; p = 0.026). In survival analyses, a lower level of TIL (all, p < 0.001) and the absence of NY-ESO-1 expression (p = 0.024) were significantly associated with poor disease-free survival. Additionally, positive NY-ESO-1 expression was an independent favorable prognostic factor in TNBC patients (p = 0.046). Conclusions: NY-ESO-1 is specifically expressed in TNBC, and NY-ESO-1 expression is an independent good prognostic factor in TNBC. Evaluation of NY-ESO-1 expression in TNBC might be useful for selecting patients who may benefit from vaccination therapy and also has a prognostic significance in TNBC.
The PHF6 Mutation c.1A>G; pM1V Causes Börjeson-Forsman-Lehmann Syndrome in a Family with Four Affected Young Boys
Authors: Ernst Anja , Le Vang Q. , Højland Allan T. , Pedersen Inge S. , Sørensen Tine H. , Bjerregaard Lise L. , Lyngbye Troels J.B. , Gammelager Ninna M. , Krarup Henrik , Petersen Michael B.
Published: September 2015

The family presented with 4 boys, 2 sets of brothers, with unexplained intellectual disability. Numerous analyses had been conducted over more than a decade, without reaching a final clinical or molecular diagnosis. According to the pedigree, an X-linked inheritance pattern was strongly suspected. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) with targeted analysis of the coding regions of the X chromosome was carried out in the 4 boys, their mothers, and their shared grandmother. A filtering process searching for nonsynonymous variants and variants in the exon-intron boundaries revealed one variant, c.1A>G; pM1V, in the first codon of the PHF6 gene. The variant was hemizygous in the 4 boys and heterozygous in the 2 mothers and the grandmother. Mutations in the PHF6 gene are known to cause Börjeson-Forsman-Lehmann syndrome (BFLS). The boys were reexamined after the finding of the mutation, and the phenotype fitted perfectly with BFLS. The mutation found in the PHF6 gene is causative for the intellectual disability in this family. We also conclude that WES of the X chromosome is a powerful tool in families where an X-linked inheritance pattern is suspected.
Food, Health & the Environment: A Global Grand Challenge & Some Solutions
Authors: Jahn Jaquelyn L. , Stampfer Meir J. , Willett Walter C.
Published: September 2015

The dual burden of obesity and undernutrition is a significant public health challenge worldwide, especially in the context of a changing climate. This essay presents the most recent nutritional evidence for the optimal diet for long-term health, and offers some commentary on how production of these foods affects the environment. Current dietary research supports a diet rich in fruits and vegetables; nuts, legumes, fish, and some poultry as protein sources; unsaturated fats replacing saturated fats; whole grains replacing refined grain products; dairy foods in low to modest amounts; and minimal amounts of red meat and added sugar. This healthy dietary pattern also supports sustainable agriculture and environmental preservation.
Averted predator gaze reduces latency to flee by zebra-tailed lizards (Callisaurus draconoides)
Authors: Cooper William E. , Sherbrooke Wade C.
Published: September 2015

Directness of a predator’s gaze affects several aspects of antipredatory behavior, including flight initiation distance (FID = predator-prey distance when fleeing begins), which is longer under direct than averted gaze. However, the effect of gaze directness on probability of fleeing or latency to flee (LF) in a short interval when a prey is immobile near an immobile predator is unknown. We predicted that probability of fleeing is greater and LF is shorter if the predator’s gaze is averted than direct. If the predator has not detected the prey, it will detect it immediately and attack when the prey moves while under direct gaze. Therefore, the prey is less likely to flee than if the predator is looking elsewhere. Under direct gaze the cost of fleeing decreases over time because the predator is increasingly likely to detect the prey. Under averted gaze, risk of being detected is constant for immobile prey and increases if the prey flees. Cost of fleeing under averted gaze is therefore constant and lower if the prey flees than under direct gaze at short latency, predicting shorter LF and greater likelihood of fleeing within a short fixed interval. We test this novel prediction of a model of the effect of gaze directness using the zebra-tailed lizard, Callisaurus draconoides. The proportion of lizards that fled was three times greater for averted than direct gaze, suggesting that prey under scrutiny reduce movement to avoid being detected. We discuss effects of gaze on FID, LF and probability of fleeing.
Language Contact: A Study of the Spanish in Two Spanish-Language Presses in Charleston, South Carolina
Authors: Martínez-Gibson Elizabeth A.
Published: September 2015

Past studies analyzing the English influence in Spanish-language press in the United States focused on major cities of large Hispanic populations, such as, Miami, New York or Los Angeles. In recent years, the Hispanic population in the Carolinas has been growing quickly and merits studies equivalent to those of the large cities to analyze the effects of the language contact between Spanish and English. This study analyzes the English influence on the Spanish of two Spanish-language presses available in Charleston, South Carolina. The study analyzed the English influence at different linguistic levels in the two different writing styles of articles and advertisements and the types of English influence at the different linguistic levels in these two writing styles. The data were collected from one edition of each of the presses. The results indicated that the English influence found in the Spanish-language press of Charleston, sc is comparable to the findings of past studies in larger cities with greater Hispanic populations. In addition, the outcomes reveal parallels with studies on language acquisition and loss in a contact situation and studies on bilingualism of second language learners and heritage speakers. Furthermore, the findings suggest social effects on language in a contact situation at the varying linguistic levels.
Notes on the systematic placement of Eutheia siamensis Franz (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)
Authors: JAŁOSZYŃSKI PAWEŁ
Published: September 2015

Examination of the type series (holotype and single paratype) of Eutheia siamensis Franz (Thailand) revealed that it was composed of two different species, belonging not only in different genera, but also tribes. The holotype is a representative of Cephennomicrus Reitter (Cephenniini), while the paratype is a species of Paraneseuthia Franz (Eutheiini). Consequently, E. siamensis is redescribed as Cephennomicrus siamensis (Franz), comb. n.; and the paratype Paraneseuthia is illustrated, but the specimen is probably a female, and remains as an undescribed species. Cephennomicrus has already been recorded from Thailand, but Paraneseuthia is reported to occur in this country for the first time, filling a distributional gap between Far Eastern, Sundaland/Australian and recently discovered Himalayan and Turkish species of this interesting genus.
A new species of Spelaeogammarus (Amphipoda: Bogidielloidea: Artesiidae) with an identification key for the genus
Authors: BASTOS-PEREIRA RAFAELA , FERREIRA RODRIGO L.
Published: September 2015

There are five described species of the cave-dwelling amphipods of the genus Spelaeogammarus, all of them inhabiting caves on the Brazilian state of Bahia. A new species of this genus is here described, which is closely related to the already known species S. santanensis and S. titan. Spelaeogammarus sanctus sp. nov. differs from its congeneric species basically by the presence of more than 18 bifid setae on the dorsal margin of uropod 3 outer ramus and telson with one apical and two subapical stout setae, while the other species generally present less setae on the third uropod and more setae on telson. An identification key and an updated table of the Spelaeogammarus species diagnosis are provided, as well as a multivariate statistical approach of morphological variations among the species.
Teachers matter. Yes. Schools matter. Yes. Districts matter — really?
Authors: Chenoweth Karin
Published: September 2015

School districts shape the conditions in which schools operate and as such can support or undermine school success and thus student success. All of which is to say that school districts matter. This article looks at the success of two districts whose low-income and minority students beat the odds in academic achievement. Lessons from these districts can apply broadly to districts across the nation.
Create a sense of urgency to spark learning
Authors: Kelleher Joanne
Published: September 2015

While recent state and federal education policies convey a sense of urgency in regard to the need for education reforms, there are teachers for whom this sense of urgency has long been woven into the fabric of their practice. Fortified by their high expectations for their students, these teachers utilize strategies that convey the message that the work is worthwhile and important; it is“work that matters.” Among the factors that foster a sense of urgency in the classroom are the skillful use of time and purposeful planning; they promote motivation, engagement, and student accountability.
Male teachers of color take a lesson from each other
Authors: Bristol Travis J.
Published: September 2015

The author tells of the experience of cofounding a group of male teachers of color within the Boston Teacher Residency program. The group’s theory of action was that professional development focused on addressing the unique challenges of male teachers of color would help these teachers develop tools and strategies to navigate their school environment. More importantly, these male teachers of color would be better able to focus on creating conditions that facilitated learning for students -- the majority of whom were of color and from working class families.
Going beyond fun in STEM
Authors: Pittinsky Todd L. , Diamante Nicole
Published: September 2015

The United States education system must improve its ability to produce scientists, engineers, and programmers. Despite numerous national, state, and local efforts to make the study of STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) subjects more fun in K-12, initial interest in those subjects drops off precipitously in middle and later high school and college. The author presents some explanations for this decline and argues that the emphasis on fun is misplaced, as is, more generally, the emphasis on intrinsic rather than extrinsic motivators to study STEM. STEM subjects inevitably become difficult, which requires grit and is not compatible with an expectation of continual enjoyment. Extrinsic motivators such as success, respect, and social utility are valid and powerful. In addition, the national-level motivations for promoting more STEM in the first place are extrinsic, so that the current K-12 over-emphasis on fun at the individual level is inconsistent as well as insufficient.
Backtalk
Authors: Krueger Keith R. , Moore Bob
Published: September 2015

Unfortunately, all of the efforts around student data privacy have done little to allay the concerns of parents, say the authors, pointing to a recent survey showing that 79% of parents cited privacy as a concern when their students use technology for school. Compliance with privacy laws is not sufficient. These laws do not address the issue at the heart of privacy concerns — and that is trust. School leaders, online service providers, education associations, and other stakeholders must begin to build trust around the collection and use of data.
Quality improvement training for core medical and general practice trainees: a pilot study of project participation, completion and journal publication
Authors: McNab Duncan , McKay John , Bowie Paul
Published: September 2015

Background and objectives

Small-scale quality improvement projects are expected to make a significant contribution towards improving the quality of healthcare. Enabling doctors-in-training to design and lead quality improvement projects is important preparation for independent practice. Participation is mandatory in speciality training curricula. However, provision of training and ongoing support in quality improvement methods and practice is variable. We aimed to design and deliver a quality improvement training package to core medical and general practice specialty trainees and evaluate impact in terms of project participation, completion and publication in a healthcare journal.

Method

A quality improvement training package was developed and delivered to core medical trainees and general practice specialty trainees in the west of Scotland encompassing a 1-day workshop and mentoring during completion of a quality improvement project over 3 months. A mixed methods evaluation was undertaken and data collected via questionnaire surveys, knowledge assessment, and formative assessment of project proposals, completed quality improvement projects and publication success.

Results

Twenty-three participants attended the training day with 20 submitting a project proposal (87%). Ten completed quality improvement projects (43%), eight were judged as satisfactory (35%), and four were submitted and accepted for journal publication (17%). Knowledge and confidence in aspects of quality improvement improved during the pilot, while early feedback on project proposals was valued (85.7%).

Conclusion

This small study reports modest success in training core medical trainees and general practice specialty trainees in quality improvement. Many gained knowledge of, confidence in and experience of quality improvement, while journal publication was shown to be possible. The development of educational resources to aid quality improvement project completion and mentoring support is necessary if expectations for quality improvement are to be realised.
Agritourism, Farm Visit, or . . . ? A Branding Assessment for Recreation on Farms
Authors: Barbieri Carla , Xu Shuangyu , Gil-Arroyo Claudia , Rich Samantha Rozier
Published: September 2015

The demand and offer of recreational activities on farms has increased over the last decades and promises increased growth in the future because of the benefits it brings to farmers and visitors. Despite this growth, a breadth of names (e.g., agritourism, farm visit) are used interchangeably to depict this activity. Such inconsistency reflects a lack of industry branding which diminishes marketing effectiveness and hinders stakeholders’ collaboration. Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate the Memorability, Distinctiveness, Relevance and Flexibility and overall preference of eight typical names associated with recreation on farms among farmers and visitors. The multimodal approach employed reveals that efforts are needed to standardize and diffuse a brand name for recreation on farms because of reduced Memorability. Although “Agritourism” appears suitable to brand recreation on farms given its Distinctiveness, Relevance, and Flexibility, results are inconclusive and call for further efforts for educating the public about its meaning.
The Potential Influence of Researchers’ “Hidden” Procedure Decisions on Estimates of Visitor Spending and Economic Impact
Authors: Jeong Ji Youn , Crompton John L. , Dudensing Rebekka M.
Published: September 2015

The potential influence of eight decisions made by researchers that are unlikely to be reported in economic impact analyses are identified and empirically tested. The data set was comprised of studies undertaken at nine state parks in Texas. Four of the decisions were categorized as being potentially relatively malignant in that they used obviously inappropriate procedures and were likely to substantially exaggerate expenditure estimates: using group weighting rather than individual weighting; omitting a measure of the extent to which visiting a park was the primary trip purpose; retaining outlier values; and aggregating different visitor segments. The four relatively benign decisions were: convenience or probability samples; managers’ or samples’ estimates of number of nonlocal visitors; treating nonresponses as missing data or as zero expenditures; and sector selection for assignment of government expenditures.
Reframing the foodscape: the emergent world of urban food policy
Authors: Moragues-Faus Ana , Morgan Kevin
Published: September 2015

Cities are becoming key transition spaces where new food governance systems are being fashioned, creating ‘spaces of deliberation’ that bring together civil society, private actors, and local governments. In order to understand the potential of these new urban food policy configurations, this paper draws on urban political ecology scholarship as a critical lens to analyse governance-beyond-the-state processes and associated postpolitical configurations. Taking Bristol and Malmö as empirical case studies, the paper illustrates the different paths that cities are taking as they strive to fashion more sustainable urban foodscapes. The analysis highlights the contested nature of “sustainability” in transition studies and explores whether concerted action on the part of civil society and municipal government is capable of creating more inclusive food narratives. Although progressive political currents can be neutralised by incumbent elites, as theorists of the ‘postpolitical city’ have argued, these cities also show that the food system is a highly contested battleground in which the themes of sustainability and justice can help to mobilize progressive forces and open up a range of new political possibilities.
Knowledge and opinions of professional groups concerning FASD in the UK
Authors: Mukherjee Raja , Wray Elizabeth , Curfs Leopold , Hollins Sheila
Published: September 2015

While information from other countries suggests varying degrees of knowledge about foetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), understanding of the condition among UK health professionals is unclear. This mixed methodology study aims to ascertain the UK picture. It comprised a standardised FASD questionnaire completed by 505 professionals and focus groups using semi-structured interviews. Among those professionals who attended focus groups, five broad themes were identified: lack of knowledge: need for consistent guidance; stigma: need for early intervention; and need for support services. The study highlights a need for training and improved recognition by professionals. Reluctance to diagnose could be due to associated stigma and therefore not merely reflect lack of knowledge. As an avoidable disorder the importance of prevention, as well as early identification of FASD to avert secondary disabilities such as mental health issues, highlights the need for specialist diagnostic and support services.
The challenges of caring for a child with FASD
Authors: Brown Julia
Published: September 2015

‘Caring for a child or young person with foetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is very challenging’ is a statement commonly heard by the parents/carers involved. But why is it so challenging? What are the specific challenges? How does this sentence relate to the family-finding team, to panel considerations, to training for foster carers, to the selection of adopters and to care planning? This article seeks to address some of these issues from the viewpoint of the author’s experience of parenting two children with FASD and also as the Chief Executive of the FASD Trust, a national charity supporting affected children and their families/carers in the UK.
Progress in addressing FASD in Scotland
Authors: Watts Margaret
Published: September 2015

In Scotland, despite high levels of alcohol use by women, public awareness and professional knowledge of the risks of drinking while pregnant are low and there has been very little research into foetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and their effects. Recently, however, the Scottish Government has shown leadership with the commissioning of an FASD e-learning resource from NHS Education Scotland, the development of a toolkit for FASD Awareness Day and the planned institution of two two-day intensive training courses for health and social care professionals in the recognition, assessment, diagnosis and support of children affected by foetal alcohol harm. This article charts some of these developments.
Redundant singularities versus constraint singularities in parallel mechanisms
Authors: Aimedee F , Gogu G , Dai JS , Bouzgarrou C , Bouton N
Published: September 2015

The paper discusses the redundant singularities versus constraint singularities in relation to the main structural parameters of parallel mechanisms. The formulae of mobility, connectivity, overconstraint and redundancy of parallel mechanisms, recently proposed by the second author of this paper, are used to characterise these singularities and the transition phase between them. By using these formulae, the main properties of three types of singularity are identified. A new combined constraint-redundant singularity is defined and characterised, in connection with constraint and redundant singularities. A reconfigurable eight-bar single-loop mechanism is used to illustrate the three types of singularities. This mechanism has an interesting property to continually transit from one type of singularity to another by remaining always in a singular configuration. The properties of the redundant and constraint-redundant singularities are defined in this paper in relation to the four main structural parameters of a mechanism.
An indicated torque estimation method based on the Elman neural network for a turbocharged diesel engine
Authors: Ge Yanwu , Huang Ying , Hao Donghao , Li Gang , Li Huan
Published: September 2015

A model-based indicated torque estimation method for a turbocharged diesel engine is presented in this study. The proposed model consists of two submodels: a steady-state indicated torque model; a transient torque coefficient model using the Elman neural network. Experiments are designed to acquire the database for the model. The optimal parameters of the Elman neural network are determined; the results show that the mean absolute percentage error of the transient torque coefficient for the estimated values using the Elman neural network and the experimental values is within 2% and the maximum error is about 7%. A comparison of the usability of the back-propagation network and that of the Elman neural network for transient estimation problems is studied; the results show that the Elman neural network is more applicable in terms of the transient accuracy and the convergence time. To validate the accuracy of the model, the experimental results for a new engine speed with two new processes are employed as test data; it is shown that the mean absolute percentage error of the indicated torque is within 2% and the maximum error is about 6%. Furthermore, explicit formulation of the Elman neural network model is acquired and rewritten as C code. Then, online validation is conducted and the results show that the mean absolute percentage error of the indicated torque is within 6%, with a maximum error of 15%.
Gender Contests in the Delhi Metro: Implications of Reservation of a Coach for Women
Authors: Agrawal Anuja , Sharma Aarushi
Published: September 2015

This article argues that there is a need to address how policy measures, such as, gendered segregation of space in public transport, reconfigure gender relations in such spaces. On the basis of a small survey, personal observations and blogs published online, it is suggested that new areas of gendered confusions and exclusions in the use of the Delhi Metro are sharply emerging in response to reservation of a coach for women. These confusions and exclusions are giving rise to notions of legitimate and non-legitimate gendering of spaces, which allow men to make new claims on public space. Notions such as these derive from entrenched ideas about overcrowding and differential needs. Such contestations deny women an unambiguous right to the reserved space and also undermine their capacity for negotiating for such rights. It is argued that these are emerging concerns that need to be addressed in a more proactive manner.
Feminisation of Stigma: The Plight of Kal Oddar Women
Authors: Tiphagne Anita Christine
Published: September 2015

The Kal Oddars are a Denotified Criminal Tribe living in southern Tamil Nadu, India. With a history of nomadism, this community was categorised by the British as hereditary criminals. Though denotified today, the community still faces social exclusion, marginalisation and continued stereotyping by law enforcement agencies and society at large. This article describes the feminisation of stigma taking place within the community and its consequences. The continued stigma and the prejudices of society and the police have a profound impact on the position of the Kal Oddar women, who bear the brunt of all oppression.
Book Review: Kirti Singh, Separated and Divorced Women in India: Economic Rights and Entitlements
Authors: Nigam Shalu
Published: September 2015

Kirti Singh, Separated and Divorced Women in India: Economic Rights and Entitlements. New Delhi: SAGE Publications jointly with IDRC, 2013. 255 pages, ₹ 995.
‘Welcome to the civilization of fear’: on political graffiti heterotopias in Greece in times of crisis
Authors: Zaimakis Yiannis
Published: September 2015

Drawing upon ethnographical research carried out in Greek cities, this article discusses the use of political graffiti as a creative, playful response to the economic depression, social upheavals and precariousness surrounding the writers and as an act of civil disobedience and political protest in the context of the Greek economic crisis. The graffiti creation releases a flood of cultural responses to the crisis and gives an insight into the lived experience endured by the Greek people faced with the gloomy conditions of a society in crisis. The analysis traces the ways in which activists and unaligned writers turn their attention to the creative and expressive potential of graffiti and articulate cultural heterotopias on the visual landscape of Greek cities. Spatial politics allow distinctive political voices to transform the material dimensions of urban life in meaningful visual expression. The act of doing graffiti in the dystopia of crisis shows the desire of grassroots artists and cultural activists to use their creative capacities to overcome the unfavourable material conditions of their existence and to build alternative counter-hegemonic spaces of representation in the urban landscapes, challenging austerity policies and the existing social order.
Advertising modern art: a semiotic analysis of posters used to communicate about the Turner Prize award
Authors: Sifaki Eirini , Papadopoulou Mary
Published: September 2015

This article probes into the visual discourse expressed in a selection of advertising posters designed to promote the ‘Turner Prize’, a contemporary art award organized by the Tate Gallery in London. Four posters were chosen from 1994 to 2011, a 17-year period in the history of the prize that was marked by controversial candidate choices, polarizing critical reviews by art critics in the media and the seemingly deliberate fostering of an audience comprised of ardent fans and detractors. Through a semiotic deconstruction of the visual images and textual messages employed, with an emphasis placed on their multidimensional structure and its intersection with the social context of viewing, this article provides a critical analysis of the role played by visual design of the posters’ potential for boosting audience development and the effectiveness of the communication strategies put in place by the Gallery. The analysis reveals that the posters’ effectiveness on specific target groups cannot be overshadowed by more up-to-date means of communication. Nevertheless, the Tate’s persistence in focusing on media attention as an advertising practice leaves other aspects of the institution’s identity unexplored.
Pretty as a website: examining aesthetics on nonsurgical cosmetic procedure websites
Authors: Grumbein Adriane , Goodman J Robyn
Published: September 2015

Nonsurgical cosmetic procedures have increased 356 per cent from 1997 to 2011 (American Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons, 2011) and are now one of the fastest growing medical specialties in the US. Although these procedures may seem deceptively simple, they harbor serious potential for health complications. Yet, even though the majority of patients report turning to media, particularly websites, as a significant source of procedure information, little scholarly research has been devoted to nonsurgical cosmetic procedure marketing. Because these websites sell beauty, the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) suggests that aesthetics may play a crucial role in swaying potential patients. Sampling from the top 10 cities for nonsurgical cosmetic procedures, this study conducted a content analysis of 285 nonsurgical cosmetic procedure (NCP) websites to examine their use of aesthetics on the homepage and the top five procedure pages (Botox, dermal fillers, laser hair removal, laser skin resurfacing and chemical peels). Findings revealed the popularity of graphic elements (particularly a variety of logos), photographs (especially of people), cool and neutral colors and sans serif typefaces. The results also indicated that NCP websites vary their aesthetics based on the page type, with homepages displaying significantly more photos than individual procedure pages. Interestingly, differences were also found based on city ranking. NCP websites from cities ranked 1–5 used more dynamic visuals, logos, cool colors and people photographs, while websites from cities ranked 6–10 used more procedure photographs and warm colors. These findings may indicate the amount of local competition could influence NCP website aesthetics.
(Un)Identified: détourned photographs from modern Siam
Authors: Power Nigel
Published: September 2015

This visual essay weaves together images from an artistic research project with discussion of the critical and historical contexts which animated and informed it. The images – for the most part – are composites of late 19th and early 20th century photographic portraits discovered by chance in the National Archive of Thailand.

In November 2014 these were exhibited at H Project Space, a Bangkok gallery located in a neo-colonial house built by an Anglo-Thai couple around the same time as the photographs were taken. For this, the composites were generated in real time using software designed by the author. These were projected at monumental scale to create two immersive spaces. In the interests of clarity, images from this exhibition and others generated during the visual research process are included here.

The inquiry sought to raise questions about overlooked and taboo aspects of Thai history and to relate these to a political present characterised by mass censorship, curtailed freedom of expression and a heavily policed visual culture.
Sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) phenology in a warming world
Authors: Ljungström Gabriella , Wapstra Erik , Olsson Mats
Published: September 2015

Background

Present-day climate change has altered the phenology (the timing of periodic life cycle events) of many plant and animal populations worldwide. Some of these changes have been adaptive, leading to an increase in population fitness, whereas others have been associated with fitness decline. Representing short-term responses to an altered weather regime, hitherto observed changes are largely explained by phenotypic plasticity. However, to track climatically induced shifts in optimal phenotype as climate change proceeds, evolutionary capacity in key limiting climate- and fitness-related traits is likely to be crucial. In order to produce realistic predictions about the effects of climate change on species and populations, a main target for conservation biologists is thus to assess the potential of natural populations to respond by these two mechanisms. In this study we use a large 15-year dataset on an ectotherm model, the Swedish sand lizard (Lacerta agilis), to investigate how higher spring temperature is likely to affect oviposition timing in a high latitude population, a trait strongly linked to offspring fitness and survival.

Results

With an interest in both the short- and potential long-term effect of rising temperatures, we applied a random regression model, which yields estimates of population-level plasticity and among-individual variation in the average, as well as the plastic, response to temperature. Population plasticity represents capacity for short-term adjustments whereas variation among individuals in a fitness-related trait indicates an opportunity for natural selection and hence for evolutionary adaptation. The analysis revealed both population-level plasticity and individual-level variation in average laying date. In contrast, we found no evidence for variation among females in their plastic responses to spring temperature, which could demonstrate a similarity in responses amongst females, but may also be due to a lack of statistical power to detect such an effect.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that climate warming may have positive fitness effects in this lizard population through an advancement of oviposition date. This prediction is consistent over shorter and potentially also longer time scales as the analysis revealed both population-level plasticity and individual-level variation in average laying date. However, the genetic basis for this variation would have to be examined in order to predict an evolutionary response.
Relationship between a perioperative intravenous fluid administration strategy and acute kidney injury following off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery: an observational study
Authors: Kim Ji-Yeon , Joung Kyoung-Woon , Kim Kyung-Mi , Kim Min-Ju , Kim Joon-Bum , Jung Sung-Ho , Lee Eun-Ho , Choi In-Cheol
Published: September 2015

Introduction

Saline-based and hydroxyethyl starch solutions are associated with increased risk of renal dysfunction. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that balanced solutions and a limited volume of hydroxyethyl starch solution (renal protective fluid management [RPF] strategy) would decrease the incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) and improve clinical outcomes in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery (OPCAB).

Methods

We investigated 783 patients who underwent elective OPCAB. All patients who underwent OPCAB between 1 January 2010 and 4 July 2012 formed the control group and were given intravenous fluids with saline-based solutions and unlimited volumes of colloid solutions. All patients who underwent OPCAB between 5 July 2012 and 31 December 2013 formed the RPF group and were given intravenous fluids with RPF. The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative AKI. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of severe AKI, requirement for renal replacement therapy, renal outcome at the time of discharge, and other clinical outcomes.

Results

Postoperative AKI occurred in 33 patients (14.4 %) in the RPF group compared with 210 patients (37.9 %) in the control group (P < 0.001). The incidences of severe AKI and persistent AKI after OPCAB were significantly lower, and the postoperative extubation time and duration of hospital stay were significantly shorter, in patients in the RPF group than in those in the control group. After adjustment by multivariate regression analyses and inverse probability of treatment weighting adjustment, the RPF group was independently associated with a lower incidence of postoperative AKI, severe AKI, and persistent AKI and a shorter postoperative extubation time and duration of hospital stay.

Conclusions

The RPF strategy is associated with a significantly decreased incidence of postoperative, severe, and persistent AKI in patients undergoing OPCAB, although residual confounding may be present.
Modeling processed seismic data to improve seismic facies prediction
Authors: Pelham Adrian
Published: September 2015

Interpreters need to screen and select the most geologically robust inversion products from increasingly larger data volumes, particularly in the absence of significant well control. Seismic processing and inversion routines are devised to provide reliable elastic parameters ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) from which the interpreter can predict the fluid and lithology properties. Seismic data modeling, for example, the Shuey approximations and the convolution inversion models, greatly assist in the parameterization of the processing flows within acceptable uncertainty limits and in establishing a measure of the reliability of the processing. Joint impedance facies inversion (Ji-Fi®) is a new inversion methodology that jointly inverts for acoustic impedance and seismic facies. Seismic facies are separately defined in elastic space ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]), and a dedicated low-frequency model per facies is used. Because Ji-Fi does not need well data from within the area to define the facies or depth trends, wells from outside the area or theoretical constraints may be used. More accurate analyses of the reliability of the inversion products are a key advance because the results of the Ji-Fi lithology prediction may then be quantitatively and independently assessed at well locations. We used a novel visual representation of a confusion matrix to quantitatively assess the sensitivity and uncertainty in the results when compared with facies predicted from the depth trends and well-elastic parameters and the well-log lithologies observed. Thus, using simple models and the Ji-Fi inversion technique, we had an improved, quantified understanding of our data, the processes that had been applied, the parameterization, and the inversion results. Rock physics could further transform the elastic properties to more reservoir-focused parameters: volume of shale and porosity, volumes of facies, reservoir property uncertainties — all information required for interpretation and reservoir modeling.
Analytical Study of Mobile Home Response to the 2014 South Napa Earthquake
Authors: Maison Bruce , Cobeen Kelly
Published: September 2015

The 2014 South Napa Earthquake damaged mobile (manufactured) homes in Northern California. The authors conducted field surveys of mobile home communities in the City of Napa, California. This paper summarizes the observations and presents an analysis of mobile home response. The results are suggestive of key factors at work in mobile home seismic behavior. Homes fell from their supports (collapsed) as a result of ground shaking with large peak ground velocities apparently from near-fault pulse effects. Analyses using ASCE 7–10 maximum considered earthquakes (MCEs) and design earthquakes (DEs) indicate that large numbers of mobile homes having no explicit design for lateral forces are likely to collapse during these earthquakes. The uncertainty and possible wide range of key parameters, however, make precise response prediction difficult for specific homes. A simplified damage function is suggested that may be useful for regional earthquake damage estimation. Recommendations are made for ways to improve mobile home seismic performance.
Executive Summary to EDC-2: The Endocrine Society's Second Scientific Statement on Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals
Authors: Gore A. C. , Chappell V. A. , Fenton S. E. , Flaws J. A. , Nadal A. , Prins G. S. , Toppari J. , Zoeller R. T.
Published: September 2015

This Executive Summary to the Endocrine Society's second Scientific Statement on environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) provides a synthesis of the key points of the complete statement. The full Scientific Statement represents a comprehensive review of the literature on seven topics for which there is strong mechanistic, experimental, animal, and epidemiological evidence for endocrine disruption, namely: obesity and diabetes, female reproduction, male reproduction, hormone-sensitive cancers in females, prostate cancer, thyroid, and neurodevelopment and neuroendocrine systems. EDCs such as bisphenol A, phthalates, pesticides, persistent organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diethyl ethers, and dioxins were emphasized because these chemicals had the greatest depth and breadth of available information. The Statement also included thorough coverage of studies of developmental exposures to EDCs, especially in the fetus and infant, because these are critical life stages during which perturbations of hormones can increase the probability of a disease or dysfunction later in life. A conclusion of the Statement is that publications over the past 5 years have led to a much fuller understanding of the endocrine principles by which EDCs act, including nonmonotonic dose-responses, low-dose effects, and developmental vulnerability. These findings will prove useful to researchers, physicians, and other healthcare providers in translating the science of endocrine disruption to improved public health.
Highly Utilized Lithium Sulfide Active Material by Enhancing Conductivity in All-solid-state Batteries
Authors: Hakari Takashi , Hayashi Akitoshi , Tatsumisago Masahiro
Published: September 2015

To improve the utilization of Li2S active material, an essential increase of Li+ ion conductivity for Li2S itself was investigated by modifying the crystal structure of Li2S. Li2S–LiI solid solutions were prepared by mechanical milling and their ionic conductivities were remarkably increased. All-solid-state cells with Li2S–LiI composite electrodes exhibited the highest utilization of Li2S with high reversibility and cyclability in all-solid-state cells with Li2S reported so far.
Catalytic Oxidation of 1,2-Dichlorobenzene on V2O5–WO3/TiO2 Films: Effects of Ozone Addition and UV Irradiation
Authors: Zhao Rixiao , Wang Qiulin , Lu Shengyong
Published: September 2015

Low-temperature catalytic oxidation of gaseous 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1,2-DCBz) on V2O5–WO3/TiO2 films was investigated in the presence and absence of ozone and UV irradiation. This paper describes a rapid (1.8 s), low-ozone consuming (190 ppm), and efficient (99.9%) catalytic degradation of 1,2-DCBz at a relatively low temperature (160 °C). The possible underlying mechanisms are also discussed.
The Effect of Access to College Assessments on Enrollment and Attainment
Authors: Bulman George
Published: September 2015

This paper examines if students' college outcomes are sensitive to access to college admissions tests. I construct a dataset of every test center location and district policy in the United States linked to the universe of individual testing records and a large sample of college enrollment records. I find evidence that SAT taking is responsive to the opening or closing of a testing center at a student's own or a neighboring high school and to policies that provide free in-school administration and default registration. Newly induced takers of high academic aptitude appear likely to attend and graduate from college. (JEL H75, I23, I28)
Inputs in the Production of Early Childhood Human Capital: Evidence from Head Start
Authors: Walters Christopher R.
Published: September 2015

This paper uses data from a randomized evaluation of Head Start to answer two questions: (i) How much do short-run causal effects vary across Head Start centers? and (ii) Do observed inputs explain this variation? I find that the cross-center standard deviation of cognitive effects is 0.18 test score standard deviations, which is larger than typical estimates of variation in teacher or school effectiveness. Centers offering full-day service and home visiting are more effective, while centers that draw more children from center-based preschool have smaller effects. Other key inputs, including the High/Scope curriculum, teacher education, and class size are not correlated with Head Start effectiveness. (JEL H75, I21, I28, J13, J24)
Recent advances in echocardiography for valvular heart disease
Authors: Hahn Rebecca
Published: September 2015

Echocardiography is the imaging modality of choice for the assessment of patients with valvular heart disease. Echocardiographic advancements may have particular impact on the assessment and management of patients with valvular heart disease. This review will summarize the current literature on advancements, such as three-dimensional echocardiography, strain imaging, intracardiac echocardiography, and fusion imaging, in this patient population.
Mastering the “Distribution of Fruits and Seeds” Theme (Lesson on the “World Around Us” Discipline at the Third Grade of Primary School)
Authors: Ткаченко  , Tkachenko I.
Published: September 2015

The paper presents the way to give third-graders a lesson for mastering the theme of “Fruits and Seeds of Plants” within the “Nature Kingdom”

Section of the “World Around Us” learning Course. The teacher is to involve active teaching technique by means of inviting students to play the

role of explorers. Embracing the active cognitive stance helps to boost intellectual development, that is, to master the skills of analysis, comparison

and generalization.
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) Use by Additional Education Teacher in Junior Schoolchildren’ Design Activity Organization (Arts and Crafts Direction)
Authors: Несмеянова  , Nesmeyanova N.
Published: September 2015

Questions related to information and communication technologies (ICT) use at the organization of design activity in additional education are

considered in this paper. Project’s main stages have been marked, ICT use forms at the design activity’s different stages have been revealed.
Satisfaction Spillovers Across Categories
Authors: Dong Xiaojing , Chintagunta Pradeep K.
Published: September 2015

We provide a descriptive study of the cross-category effects of satisfaction with financial services on retention behavior. Behavioral contrast and learning theories provide the bases for our understanding of these effects. Our empirical results reveal the following: (i) Across banking and investment categories, when customers have different providers, satisfaction with one lowers the retention probability in the other service. (ii) A customer who is dissatisfied with the investment service is more likely to stay with the current banking service. (iii) Significantly, we find that when the same firm is involved in both categories, dissatisfaction with the firm in the investment category spills over into the banking category thereby lowering its retention probability. We also find that: (a) among customers who are satisfied with banking (investment), more exposure to media increases retention probability; (b) although switching costs and order of acquisition affect retention, they do not show cross-category interactions with satisfaction. We then obtain implications for customer lifetime value (CLV) and show that it can increase satisfaction by leveraging both the within and across category effects. Bottom line: It is important for a company providing multiple services to measure satisfaction at the category level but to manage customers across categories.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2015.0941 .