bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary Healthcare System Reforms in Pakistan to Achieve Universal Health Coverage
Authors: Afzal Saira , Junaid Khunsa
Published: January 2024

Primary health care (PHC) is crucial for a country's health system, serving as the first point of contact for patients and providing clinical management at a local level. Primary health care (PHC) aims to achieve physical, psychological, and social well-being, facilitating fair interaction with the patient.1 It is the cornerstone of global health systems and requires efficient resource allocation, sustainable financing, and a strong primary healthcare system. Primary health care (PHC) principles include universal access, equitable care provision, prevention, health promotion, and community participation. Balancing social and medical aspects is essential in PHC service provision to meet the needs of its users.2 Primary health care doctors in the UK, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand provide first-contact care, saving time and money by preventing patients from going to the hospital. This model is increasingly being adopted in countries like Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.3 Qatar has a government-led Primary Care Health Cooperation, Saudi Arabia invests in primary care, and United Arab Emirates recognizes the importance of preventive medicine for a healthy life. Strengthening primary health care and achieving universal health coverage are crucial global health policy initiatives, aiming to provide accessible, affordable, and high-quality health services to all individuals.4
Assessment of current water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices in the third and ninth districts of N'Djamena, Chad
Authors: Mangueina Daniel , Awuah Esi , Fonteh Mathias Fru , Antwi-Agyei Prince , Nadji Emmanuel Tao
Published: January 2024

Access to safe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene in Chad's cities, especially N'Djamena, is a persistent and significant challenge. This study aimed to assess current practices in water, sanitation, and hygiene in N'Djamena's third and ninth districts. We surveyed 395 households, conducted water source identification, and analyzed seven water samples at the National Water Laboratory. Temperature, ammonium, total coliforms, and aerobic flora values exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Ammonium and temperature averaged 0.7 mg/L and 30.1–31.93 °C, respectively. Bacterial contamination (>100 MPN/100 mL) exceeded the WHO's 0 MPN/100 mL guidelines, rendering the water unfit for consumption. Survey results indicate that 78.7% use hand pumps, 21.1% have tap water access, and 0.2% rely on rivers for water. Regarding toilets, 92.8% have traditional models, 2.9% have modern facilities, and 4.3% practice open defecation. 95% dispose of untreated wastewater into nature, with only 5% using septic tanks. For solid waste, 72% use illegal dumpsites, 18% rely on public services, and 10% burn waste. Finally, 95.5% of households wash their hands with clean water and soap after using the toilet. It is crucial to treat drinking water and implement proper hygiene and sanitation measures to safeguard the population's health in the studied area.
Internacionalização
Authors: Lima Luciana Gasparotto Alves de , Carvalho Renato Barros de , Teixeira Maria do Rocio Fontoura
Published: January 2024

A internacionalização da ciência ocorre por diversos meios, como por exemplo, a produção científica em coautoria com estrangeiros. Nesse sentido, o Programa de Pós-Doutorado no Exterior (PPDE) da CAPES prevê a ampliação de publicações conjuntas entre pesquisadores que atuam no Brasil e no exterior. O objetivo do estudo, portanto, é mapear a evolução das redes de coautoria internacionais formadas por ex-bolsistas do PPDE da Grande Área de Ciências da Saúde, antes e após a finalização da vigência da bolsa, por meio da metodologia de Análise de Redes Sociais. Como resultado, verifica-se o crescimento das redes pelo aumento do número de países coautores, do número de conexões entre nações ou da frequência de colaboração entre uma dupla de países. Além disso, percebe-se a variedade de países colaboradores e qual o grau de importância destes para os grupos analisados. A metodologia apresentada pode servir como subsídio para políticas públicas de internacionalização.
Development of a Mind Map-based Predictive Nursing Protocol and its Impact
on the Clarity of Images in Patients Undergoing High-concentration Contrast
Three-dimensional Computed Tomography Imaging of Liver Blood Vessels
Authors: Zhao Hai-Yan , Wang Yan , Li Xing , Zhou Ying , Jiao Zeng-Xin , Bao Jun-Xia , Yang Na , Zhang Li-Li
Published: January 2024

Objective::

n/aTo explore the development of a mind map-based predictive nursing protocol and assess its impact on the quality of images in patients undergoing
high-concentration contrast three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) imaging of liver blood vessels.

Methods::

A total of 600 patients who were admitted to Beijing You an Hospital were chosen for this prospective study and underwent high-concentration
contrast three-dimensional CT imaging of liver blood vessels between April 2021 and December 2021. The patients were divided into two groups
using the digital table method, with 300 cases. The control group received conventional nursing intervention, while the research group was
provided with a mind map-based predictive nursing protocol. We recorded the image quality of three-dimensional CT imaging of liver blood
vessels, satisfaction scores regarding nurse examination guidance, and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale
(SDS) in both groups.

Results::

The research group achieved a perfect rate of 100.00% for the high-quality three-dimensional CT imaging of liver blood vessels, which was
noticeably higher compared to the rate of the control group of 98.67%. Patients in the research group expressed higher satisfaction levels regarding
the guidance provided by nurses, including their attitude, timeliness, accuracy, and overall satisfaction, compared to the control group. Initially, the
two groups had no notable differences in the SAS and SDS scores. However, after the intervention, both groups experienced a significant decrease
in SAS and SDS scores, with the research group showing an even more substantial decline.

Conclusion::

Through the creation of a mind map-based predictive nursing protocol and its implementation on patients undergoing high-concentration contrast
three-dimensional CT imaging of liver blood vessels, it is possible to significantly enhance the quality of CT scans, alleviate feelings of anxiety
and depression, increase patient satisfaction with examination guidance by nurses, and effectively decrease the occurrences of contrast agent
leakage and allergic reactions to iodine.
Primary Pulmonary Malignant Meningioma: A Case Report and Literature
Review Focusing on Imaging Findings
Authors: Zhu Ping , Zhu Yanyan , Chen Feng
Published: January 2024

Case Presentation::

A 47-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital after a lung mass was found during a physical examination one month earlier. The imaging
findings for this patient showed a large mass in the lower lobe of the left lung with bronchial invasion. A contrast-enhanced MRI of the brain was
normal. Bronchoscopy shows a mass at the opening of the left lower basal branch, with mucosal infiltration, protrusion, and stenosis of the
opening. The patient underwent radical left lung cancer surgery, and the pathology specimens stained with hematoxylin–eosin demonstrated tumor
cells with the focal invasion of the bronchial cartilage. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for epithelial membrane antigen(EMA),
somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), progesterone receptor (PR), Ki-67 (5%–10%), CD34, and D2-40 and weakly positive for p53.The pathologic
diagnosis was primary pulmonary meningioma (PPM). The tumor marker CA-125 had significantly increased in the 2 months after surgery.

Conclusion::

Malignant PPM is rarer, and a clear pathological definition to distinguish between benign and malignant PPM is lacking. Potential cases should be
comprehensively evaluated based on imaging, laboratory, and pathology results. A long-term regular follow-up will be required to rule out
metastasis or recurrence of PPM.
influence of work environment and emotional intelligence on employee job satisfaction in PT Waskita Toll Road
Authors: Prabowo Fidecya Asharani , Widiyanti Marlina , Yusuf Muhammad , Adam Mohamad
Published: January 2024

This research aimed to determine the influence of the work environment and emotional intelligence on employee job satisfaction at PT Waskita Toll Road. The population and sample in this research are all employees at PT Waskita Toll Road in Jakarta in 2023, with as many as 136 employees using the census method to determine the sample. The results of multiple linear regression analysis show that the work environment and emotional intelligence positively and significantly affect employee job satisfaction. In the work environment, it is hoped that improvements will be made to the condition of the windows and air ventilation in the workspace, which needs to be evaluated in terms of arrangement and function. Each workspace should be provided with a window that can be used properly. Emotional intelligence, with the characteristics of employees who are not open about their feelings. It makes employees vulnerable to stress and burnout.
EKSPERIMEN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN “I-SLAMI” GUNA MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM SISWA TUNA RUNGU DI SIDOARJO
Authors:   SMP Progresif Bumi Shalawat Sidoarjo, Syarifuddin Muhammad , Maulana Rizqy , Fadlinazich Farel Endy , Harun Aklil Ebadi
Published: January 2024

The spread of Covid-19 which is so dangerous is a factor for learning to be carried out online. Online learning cannot be carried out effectively, some students admit that they have difficulties when learning online, this makes student learning motivation decrease. Likewise for deaf students who have limited hearing, one of the materials that is difficult for teachers to convey is Islamic Religious Education (PAI). Based on this, the authors conducted research with the learning media experiment "I-Slami" to increase the learning motivation of deaf students. The aims of this study were 1) to describe the experimental results of the "I-Slami" learning media in increasing the learning motivation of deaf students in Islamic religious learning, 2) to determine the effect of the "I-Slami" learning media in increasing the learning motivation of deaf students. The method used in this study was experimental, with a true design experimental approach, namely to test the "I-Slami" application by forming 2 groups, namely the experiment and the control, so that the authors could compare the results of the treated and untreated groups. The results of the study were obtained from the Wilcoxon test with a sig value of 0.012 <0.05 so that the I-Slami application could increase student learning motivation, and an effect of 12% was obtained, the T-test results obtained a sig. 2-tailed 0.00 <0.05 which means there are differences in learning motivation between the control and experimental groups
Biomineralization in cement and concrete research
Authors: Dowdy Nicolas , Srubar Wil
Published: January 2024

Biomineralization refers to the biological processes through which living organisms produce minerals. In recent years, biomineralizing microorganisms have been used to stabilize soil or to impart a self-healing or self-sealing mechanism to damaged cement and concrete materials. However, applications of biominerals in cement and concrete research can extend far beyond these applications. This article focuses on the biomineralization of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) and their past, present, and future potential applications in cement and concrete research. First, we review the mechanisms of CaCO3 and SiO2 biomineralization and the micro- and macroorganisms involved in their production. Second, we showcase the wide array of biomineral architectures, with an explicit focus on CaCO3 polymorphs and SiO2 morphologies found in nature. Third, we briefly summarize previous applications of CaCO3 and SiO2 biomineralization in cement and concrete research. Finally, we discuss emerging applications of biominerals in cement and concrete research, including mineral admixtures or raw meal for portland cement production, as well as other applications that extend beyond self-healing.
Estimating the Epidemic Size of Superspreading Coronavirus Outbreaks in Real Time: Quantitative Study
Authors: Lau Kitty Y , Kang Jian , Park Minah , Leung Gabriel , Wu Joseph T , Leung Kathy
Published: January 2024

Background

Novel coronaviruses have emerged and caused major epidemics and pandemics in the past 2 decades, including SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, which led to the current COVID-19 pandemic. These coronaviruses are marked by their potential to produce disproportionally large transmission clusters from superspreading events (SSEs). As prompt action is crucial to contain and mitigate SSEs, real-time epidemic size estimation could characterize the transmission heterogeneity and inform timely implementation of control measures.

Objective

This study aimed to estimate the epidemic size of SSEs to inform effective surveillance and rapid mitigation responses.

Methods

We developed a statistical framework based on back-calculation to estimate the epidemic size of ongoing coronavirus SSEs. We first validated the framework in simulated scenarios with the epidemiological characteristics of SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 SSEs. As case studies, we retrospectively applied the framework to the Amoy Gardens SARS outbreak in Hong Kong in 2003, a series of nosocomial MERS outbreaks in South Korea in 2015, and 2 COVID-19 outbreaks originating from restaurants in Hong Kong in 2020.

Results

The accuracy and precision of the estimation of epidemic size of SSEs improved with longer observation time; larger SSE size; and more accurate prior information about the epidemiological characteristics, such as the distribution of the incubation period and the distribution of the onset-to-confirmation delay. By retrospectively applying the framework, we found that the 95% credible interval of the estimates contained the true epidemic size after 37% of cases were reported in the Amoy Garden SARS SSE in Hong Kong, 41% to 62% of cases were observed in the 3 nosocomial MERS SSEs in South Korea, and 76% to 86% of cases were confirmed in the 2 COVID-19 SSEs in Hong Kong.

Conclusions

Our framework can be readily integrated into coronavirus surveillance systems to enhance situation awareness of ongoing SSEs.
The Impact of Optimal Glycemic Control on Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhao Li , Gao Feng , Zheng Chunlan , Sun Xuezhi
Published: January 2024

Background

Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB), and optimal glycemic control has been shown to reduce the risk of complications and improve the TB treatment outcomes in patients with DM.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the role of glycemic control in improving TB treatment outcomes among patients with DM.

Methods

MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the impact of oral glycemic control in patients with TB who have DM. Outcomes of interest were radiological findings, treatment success, sputum positivity, and mortality. Evaluations were reported as risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs using weighted random-effects models.

Results

The analysis included 6919 patients from 7 observational studies. Our meta-analysis showed significant differences between patients with optimal glycemic control and those with poor glycemic control with regard to improved treatment outcomes (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02-1.25; P=.02; I²=65%), reduced sputum positivity (RR 0.23, 95% CI 0.09-0.61; P=.003; I²=66%), and fewer cavitary lesions (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.51-0.68; P<.001; I²=0%) in radiological findings. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of mortality (RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.22-1.49; P=.25; I²=0%), multilobar involvement (RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.22-1.49; P=.25; I²=0%) on radiologic examination, and upper lobe (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.76-1.17; P=.58; I²=0%) and lower lobe (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.48-2.30; P=.91; I²=75%) involvement on radiologic examination.

Conclusions

We concluded that optimal glycemic control is crucial for reducing susceptibility, minimizing complications, and improving treatment outcomes in patients with TB with DM. Emphasizing effective health management and health care strategies are essential in achieving this control. Integrating comprehensive care among patients with TB with DM will enhance patient outcomes and alleviate the burden of disease in this population.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO CRD42023427362; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=427362
Service Evaluation of Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Virtual Reality for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) (Preprint)
Authors: tom Dieck M. Claudia , Cho Justin , Taylor Alexandra , Jung Timothy , Amin Farhan
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

The traditional pulmonary rehabilitation service for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients has been challenging during the COVID-19 pandemic situation. Therefore, there is a need for alternative and innovative methods of pulmonary rehabilitation using remotely supervised VR-based PR services to patients.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to investigate COPD patients’ acceptability to use VR to self-manage their condition.

METHODS

Eight-week patient trial using an innovative VR pulmonary rehabilitation programme. A total of 56 COPD patients graded MRC four or five registered at patients, selected healthcare centres and hospitals in Staffordshire, UK participated in the qualitative interview.

RESULTS

Using thematic analysis for the qualitative data, four themes and ten sub-themes emerged specific to delivering pulmonary rehabilitation using VR.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, this study demonstrates how remotely supervised VR-based pulmonary rehabilitation could help to overcome current issues and limitations associated with providing this service to COPD patients at scale.
Exploring the Use of Social Media for Medical Problem Solving: A Quantitative Analysis of r/medical_advice of Reddit (Preprint)
Authors: Zhao Xiyu , Yang Victor , Menta Arjun , Blum Jacob , Ranasinghe Padmini
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

The advent of the internet has transformed the landscape of health information acquisition and sharing. Subreddits like r/medical_advice on Reddit have become hubs for such activities, affecting patient knowledge and decision-making. While the popularity of these platforms is recognized, research into the interactions and content within these communities remains sparse. Understanding the dynamics of these platforms is crucial for improving online health information quality.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to quantitatively analyze the subreddit r/medical_advice to characterize the medical questions posed and the demographics of individuals providing answers. Insights into the subreddit's user engagement, information-seeking behavior, and the quality of shared information will contribute to the existing body of literature on health information-seeking in the digital era.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted, examining all posts and top comments from r/medical_advice since its creation on October 1, 2011. Data were collected on March 2, 2023, from pushshift.io, and analysis covered post and author flairs, scores, and engagement metrics. Statistical analyses were performed using RStudio and GraphPad Prism 9.0.

RESULTS

From October 2011 to March 2023, 201,680 posts and 721,882 comments were analyzed. Excluding auto-generated posts and comments, 194,678 posts and 528,383 comments remained for analysis. 41% of posts had no user flairs, while verified medical professionals made only 0.1% of posts. Average engagement per post was 2.00 ± 7.03 scores and 3.32 ± 4.89 comments. In Period 2, urgent questions and level 10 pain reported higher engagement, with significant differences in scores and comments based on flair type (P < .001). Period 3 saw the highest engagement in posts related to pregnancy and the lowest in bones/joints/ligaments. Media inclusion significantly increased engagement, with video posts receiving the highest interaction (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS

The study reveals significant engagement with r/medical_advice, with user interactions influenced by the type of query and inclusion of visual media. High engagement with posts concerning pregnancy and urgent medical queries reflects focused public interest and the subreddit's role as a preliminary health information resource. The predominance of non-verified medical professionals as information providers highlights a shift towards community-based knowledge exchange, though it raises questions about the reliability of the information. Future research should explore cross-platform behaviors and the impact of misinformation on public health. Effective moderation and the involvement of verified medical professionals are recommended to enhance the subreddit's role as a reliable health information resource.

CLINICALTRIAL

Not applicable
Perempuan dan Semer Mendem: Kajian Sejarah, Strategi pemasaran dan Budaya di Kota Palu
Authors: Triawati Komang , Saudo Fatma , Khotimah Khusnul
Published: January 2024

The historical background of women in Palu City choosing to sell Semar Mendem stems from culinary businesses related to sticky rice in Central Sulawesi since the 1930s. The introduction of Semar Mendem in 2017 experienced swift popularity among the people of Palu, leading to a substantial increase in demand from 7 to 30 outlets by 2021-2023.This qualitative study explores the marketing strategy of traditional culinary delights in Palu City, emphasizing the historical context of Semar Mendem sales, the evolution of marketing strategies, and the cultural influences surrounding this culinary delight. The research employs a historical approach with a qualitative method involving five stages, focusing on emotional and intellectual closeness. Data collection involves primary and secondary sources, on-site interviews, direct observation, and documentation within Palu City, Central Sulawesi.Four major marketing strategies - product, price, promotion, and place - have contributed to the success of Semar Mendem in Palu City. The study highlights the significance of relationships in business, emphasizing power relations through production, family, and knowledge, illustrating how Semar Mendem has become ingrained as a cultural symbol. The findings illustrate the cultural significance and success of Semar Mendem, portraying its relevance in the historical narrative of Palu City's culinary landscape. Understanding the cultural and historical context of this culinary delight serves as a testimony to preserving traditions and fostering successful marketing strategies for similar local products.
Strategi Penipuan pada Teks Fake News Berbahasa Prancis Terkait Emmanuel Macron di Media Sosial
Authors: Annisa Fitriani Kalsum  , Merry Andriani
Published: January 2024

Social media has made it easier for people to access information, especially related to viral news. However, this convenience has not only had a positive impact but has provided space for the transmission of false information (fake news). This study examines how the characteristics of fake news texts are to trick social media users into false information. The object of the research is in the form of fake news text in French related to Emmanuel Macron which has been verified as fake news by the fact-checking platform. Through qualitative descriptive methods and Fairclough textual analysis, five fake news text fraud strategies were found, namely (1) loading provocative invitations, (2) manipulating data through images, (3) manipulating information through grammar, (4) manipulating facts through media sources, (5) includes clickbait and provocative titles. Furthermore, Emmanuel Macron in the fake news text is represented as a leader who has a negative image with the aim of provoking the public.
Selamatan Bayi Versi Orang Jawa: Kajian Linguistik Antropologis
Authors: Arif Budiman  , Ari Wulandari  , Noni Sukmawati
Published: January 2024

Selamatan bayi is a form of gratitude and a prayer request for congratulations for the baby. This study aims to describe the local wisdom of selamatan bayi using an anthropological linguistic approach to the contextual design of Javanese tradition. Data collection refers to the technique of recording, participatory observation, and interviews. The results of this study prove that selamatan bayi has a philosophical meaning based on Javanese cultureThere are seven kinds of selamatan bayi among the Javanese, namely (1) brokohan (birthday greetings), (2) sepasaran (5th birthday celebration), (3) selapanan (35-day baby celebration), (4) telonan (3 months birthday greetings), (5) pitonan (7 months of baby's birth), (6) setahunan (1 year of baby's birth), and (7) aqiqah (selamatan bayi for Javanese Muslims). The local wisdom of Javanese in selamatan bayi can be seen from five things, namely (1) the definition, (2) types, (3) ubarampe ‘equipment’, such as sega ingkung, sega gudangan, bubur abang putih, and so on; (4) the method of implementation, and (5) the development of the times. In every selamatan bayi contains the local wisdom of the Javanese to always maintain a balance between human relationships, the natural environment, and God.
Realita Sosial di Sekitar Wacana Kasus Kekerasan Seksual Akun @Tt_Guillaume
Authors: Sulistiyawati Rahmalia Intan , Firmonasari Aprillia
Published: January 2024

The problem of sexual violence has become a sensitive issue that has attracted the attention of various groups of people. In addition, this action classifies as a criminal act that causes physical and psychological harm. Sexual violence happens not only to women's groups but also to subordinated minority groups in society, such as the LGBTQ+ group. In early 2021, to be precise, in France, a student and student activist experienced sexual aggression by a politician from one of the dominant political parties there. He tried to seek justice by making testimony through his Twitter account. Unexpectedly, his testimony uttered various reactions related to the social reality of society. This article aims to explore and analyze the social context and speech response patterns that represent that context. Multiple stories of netizens' responses to testimonies of sexual violence uploaded by the @TT_Guillaume account that occurred in 2018 became the object of the study of this article. In writing the article, the method used is reading all the responses in the reply section, recording all the answers found. Moreover, the next step is classifying dan analyzing the data found, which is associated with Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis theory. The research discovers that the social context of Guillaume's utterances was related to sexual violence in institutions in France and influenced the presence of other testimonies. In addition, patterns that represent these social conditions were also found
Disharmoni Sosial Masyarakat Kampung Kota di Era Demokratisasi (Konflik dan Disharmoni Sosial di Yogyakarta Pada Pilpres tahun 2019)
Authors: Arifin Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Democracy that has lasted so far is not only understood as an effort to build a better government system but is also intended as an effort to create citizen participation in building a good political and governance system. But in reality, it does not produce a sense of security, peace, order and social order. This paper is intended to look at the phenomenon of democracy, especially election practices, not only from a political and power perspective, but also to see how elections actually create social disharmony in the Yogyakarta city community. This paper is based on one argument, namely: that democracy is intended to build a more open, just, peaceful and prosperous society that does not work properly because the understanding and practices of democracy that have been practiced so far have actually led to increased resistance and social disharmony. This paper uses a qualitative analytical method with data sourced from direct observation and from local newspapers. From this research it was found that (1) social conflict in villages, especially in Yogyakarta is getting higher and social resistance is increasing; (2) Community grouping, and segregation tend to be based on religious and political affiliations; and village gangs (3) Villages that used to be administratively separated, were instead claimed as the village of certain groups which referred to certain religious-based groups or parties. From this paper it can be concluded that the conflicts that occurred in the city of Yogyakarta during the 2019 presidential election were more caused by village-based sentiments and solidarity of certain parties and groups rather than conflicts between elites.
Menilik Ulang Resiliensi: Covid-19 dan Pariwisata di Kaliurang Yogyakarta
Authors: Mulyasari Runavia
Published: January 2024

The process of recovering when experiencing disasters and crises is often considered an individualised process. The Covid-19 pandemic in the past two years has had a major impact on various sectors of the world, and the most affected is tourism. Many studies on pandemic conditions and tourism have been conducted with a focus on the impact of the pandemic. For this reason, it is necessary to look back at the resilience process carried out by tourism actors and the tourism community in dealing with the pandemic. Yogyakarta, especially Kaliurang, is the most affected area due to the pandemic. This study attempts to invite a revisit of tourism resilience in Kaliurang. Ethnography is used to capture the resilience efforts made by the community and tourism actors in Kaliurang. The research shows a change in community structure and agency development at the individual and group levels. Both structure and agency simultaneously help the process of community resilience, which is then developed into resilience in the tourism sector.
MODIFIED CYCLODEXTRIN-BASED THERMOSENSITIVE IN SITU GEL FOR VORICONAZOLE OCULAR DELIVERY AGAINST FUNGAL KERATITIS
Authors: SAMPATHI SUNITHA , MADDUKURI SRAVYA , RAMAVATH RAMDAS , DODOALA SUJATHA , KUCHANA VIJAYA
Published: January 2024

Objective: Fungal keratitis is a severe corneal infection. The present study aims to design and formulate an inclusion complex of Voriconazole-Sulfobutyl ether-beta-cyclodextrin (V-SBECD) loaded thermosensitive in-situ gel to improve solubility, therapy efficacy, durability and reduce the dose-related side effect.
Methods: Poloxamer 407, a thermosensitive polymer along with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC E 15), were used as gelling agents; the formulations with poloxamer (16% w/v) and HPMC E15 (1 and 1.5 % w/v) led to a consistent in-situ gel at 37 °C. The formulations were evaluated for drug content, pH, gelation temperature, viscosity, sterility test, antifungal studies, and cell lines studies.
Results: The molar ratio of the drug to SBECD (1:3), showing 42-fold increase in solubility, was chosen to prepare the inclusion complexes using the lyophilization method. The stability constant was found to be 721-m. ATIR peaks, DSC thermograms and NMR spectra indicate the inclusion behavior of Voriconazole and SBECD. In vitro and ex-vivo studies demonstrated that optimized formulation sustained the drug release for over 12 h. Cellular cytotoxicity on Human corneal epithelial cells showed that V-SBECD formulations do not cause corneal epithelial damage after 24 h. In-situ gel and marketed formulation have shown a markable reduction in the growth of the Aspergillus Niger. The optimized SBECD-loaded in-situ gel formulation (F10) did not vary significantly in pH, drug content, viscosity, and % cumulative drug release, signifying stable formulations when tested at 4, 25, and 40 °C.
Conclusion: The research findings envisaged V-SBECD in-situ gel formulation as a concrete strategy to treat severe fungal keratitis.
FORMULATION AND BIOPHARMACEUTICAL EVALUATION OF SUSTAINED RELEASE PELLETS OF BOSENTAN BY PANCOATING METHOD
Authors: REDDY GVRAMI , V. PALLAVI , P. RAKESH , NADENDLA RAMARAO
Published: January 2024

Objective: The aim of the present study was to formulate sustained-release pellets of bosentan by eudragit RL 100 and RS 100, which are the polymers used in the pan coating technique.
Methods: The sustained release pellets of bosentan were formulated by pan coating method. The drug was coated on nonpareil seeds along with EudragitRL100 by solution layering technique. Drug-loaded pellets were coated with EudragitRS100. The prepared pellets were evaluated for moisture content, drug content, particle size, and in vitro drug release. Stability studies were carried out on the optimised formulations for a period of 6 mo.
Results: The drug content was in the range of 98.89±0.32. The mean particle size of the drug-loaded pellets was in the range of 835 μm. The drug release rate decreased as the concentration of eudragit increased in the pellet formulations. Among the prepared formulations, PC 4 showed 89.35±0.52 drug release in 12 h from a good linear relationship was established between model-independent approaches (T25%, T50%, and T100%) and weight gain in coating. This indicated the possibility of extending the drug release by increasing the weight gain in the coating, and hence, it was proposed to extend the drug release for 24 h. From the prepared pellets, the optimised formulation PC 12 showed a 100.02±0.03 drug release in 24 h. Furthermore, these pellets were filled into capsules and compared the dissolution studies. The compatibility between drugs and polymers in the drug-loaded pellets was confirmed by DSC and FTIR studies. Stability studies indicated that the pellets were stable.
Conclusion: The prepared pellets were capable of releasing the drug for 24 h to treat the Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.
PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF MYRICETIN-LOADED NANOEMULSION FOR THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY IN WOUND HEALING
Authors: SHAIKH TANVIR YUSUF , LODHI SANTRAM
Published: January 2024

Objective: Aim of the present study was the development, optimization and evaluation of myricetin-loaded nanoemulsion gel for wound healing.
Methods: Myricetin nanoemulsion was prepared by selecting Peanut oil as oil (wt %), Tween 20 and Polyethylene glycol 400 as surfactant and cosurfactant (Smix) and aqueous phase water. Performance of nanoemulsion gel was evaluated by wound healing activity tested against wound contraction, hydroxyproline content, protein content and antioxidant assay.
Results: The optimized nanoemulsion (NEF1) exhibited appreciable stability concerning droplet size and PDI when stored at 5 ᵒC, 25 ᵒC and 40ᵒC up to three months. Morphological characterization by TEM indicated a spherical shape. Wound healing effect was observed through a significant (p<0.5) increase in hydroxyproline content, protein content and antioxidant status in wound tissue. The level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were found to increase significantly in wound tissue after treatment with Myricetin loaded nanoemulsion (MYCT-NE) gel, as well as results were comparable to Betadine cream.
Conclusion: In conclusion, MYCT-NE gel was found potent wound healing effect through the reduction of oxidative stress and epithelialization of tissue.
DEVELOPMENT OF SERUM WITH 4-N-BUTYLRESORSINOL IN THE TRANSETOSOMES VESICULAR SYSTEM
Authors: ROSMIATI MEITI , SOPYAN IYAN , CHAERUNISAA ANIS YOHANA , ABDASSAH MARLINE
Published: January 2024

Objective: The study aimed to develop a transetosome system as a delivery system of 4-n-Butylresorcinol (4nBR) and evaluate their physicochemical characteristics and skin penetration capacity compared with another vesicles system.
Methods: Transethosomes were prepared through cold methods and the optimization of the formulation was carried out using “Box–Behnken design” approach from Design-Expert software (version 13.0. 3. 0, State-Ease Inc., Minneapolis, MN). The independent variables were soya lecithin, surfactant (Tween 80: Span 80 with a ratio of 1: 3) and Ethanol. The prepared formulations were characterized for vesicle size, polydispersity (PDI), zeta potential using a particle size analyzer and entrapment efficiency. Furthermore, transethosomes were formulated in serum preparations that tested for in vitro penetration test compared to serum with ethosomes, transfersomes and non-vesicles system.
Results: Transethosomes formula optimization using box benhken approach produced a formula of 5.53 % soya lecithin, 3 % surfactant (Tween 80: Span 80 with a ratio of 1: 3) and 30 % Ethanol. The optimized formulation obtained particle size result of 197.4 nm; Polydispersity Index 0.421; zeta potential-56.8 mV and entrapment efficiency 98.40 %. Transethosomes serum met physical stability tests and in vitro penetration test showed better results compared to serum with ethosomes, transfersomes and non-vesicles system; the percentage of cumulative penetrated amounts of transethosomes serum, transfersomes, ethosomes and non-vesicle serum, respectively, was 41.43%; 23.59%, 19.85% and 2.43%.
Conclusion: Development of 4nBR transethosomes using surfactant as edge activators and ethanol as an enhancers through optimization with box Behnken design resulted in transethosomes composition as ultra-deformable vesicles that fulfiled the physical characteristics, stability and permeability of 4nBR.
FORMULATION AND ASSESSMENT OF HERBAL EMULGELS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ACNE: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO INVESTIGATIONS
Authors: NEELA SWAPNA , AJITHA MAKULA , KUCHANA VIJAYA
Published: January 2024

Objective: The main objective of the current research was to prepare herbal emulgel and analyze the effect of herbal formulation in the treatment of acne.
Methods: The plants Tabernaemontana coronaria and Thunbergia alata were selected for the study because of folklore for their medicinal values. The T. coronaria and T. alata test extracts were prepared by soxhlet extraction procedure and subjected to physico-chemical evaluation. The formulated herbal emulgels prepared by dispersion technique were investigated for anti-acne properties by in vitro and in vivo methods. The prepared emulgel formulations were assessed for parameters like viscosity, spreadability, pH, content uniformity, stickiness, zeta potential, particle size, surface morphology, and in vitro diffusion studies.
Results: The physico-chemical evaluation of herbal gel revealed that emulgel appeared light green in colour, opaque, and odourless with smooth texture. The emulgels of both the test extracts showed no stickiness, and revealed pH ranging from 5.467±0.13 to 5.889±0.1. When the shear rate was increased, there was a decrease in the viscosity of the test emulgels, with good extrudability. The content uniformity of F5 emulgel for T. coronaria and T. alatawas 99%, and spreadibilty was more with F7 formulation of T. coronaria and F6 formulation of T. alata, respectively. In the stability testing studies, amongst all the formulations prepared, F5 was found to be stable upon storage for six months. In vitro studies, F5 formulation of both the test extracts had a remarkable zone of inhibition; whereas F5 formulation treated histopathological sections in in vivo investigation displayed a decline in the overall damage induced by Propionibacterium acnes. The results showed no statistical significant difference for measurement of zone of inhibition and histopthological studies between the test formulations and standard drug.
Conclusion: The study concludes that both herbal formulations were promising agents for the treatment of acne vulgaris.
Teeth as lithic raw material: Experiments and use-wear analysis
Authors: Parmigiani Vanesa Esther , Alvarez Soncini María Celina , De Angelis Hernán Horacio , Franch Bach Anna , Mansur María Estela
Published: January 2024

This paper explores the archaeological and ethnographic evidence for use of rodent teeth as instruments, without direct modification (without manufacturing), in replacement of lithic raw materials. There are ethnographic records that describe the use of teeth, extracted from the jaw by direct manual grip or use of handles, and also used inside the jaw, which functions as a handle. Most of the teeth that appear in archaeological contexts have been studied within the framework of zooarchaeological analysis, however, there is the possibility that the dental pieces have been used as instruments, although this has rarely been considered.
The objective of this work is to present the results of a comparative study of experimental work, which we carried out with beaver (Castor canadensis) and capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), and to discuss their similarities and differences with the traces of use of lithic material. Through macro- and microscopic analysis (Stereomicroscope and metallographic microscope), we were able to characterize and explain the natural use signs of the teeth and differentiate them from the anthropic use signs produced when they are used as instruments. These traces on a macro- and microscopic scale, have different characteristics depending on the material worked and the kinematics used, and at the same time show similarities with the traces that occur on certain lithic materials. Consequently, we believe that it is possible to develop functional analyses on teeth of different animal species, and that these analyses will contribute to our knowledge about the life forms of past societies.
Black adzes in the Early Neolithic of Belgium: Contribution of the Raman microspectrometry and petrography in characterization and sourcing
Authors: Goemaere Éric , Hauzeur Anne , Goovaerts Thomas , Jadin Ivan , Jungels Cécile , Leduc Thierry , Toussaint Michel , Tromme François , Vanbrabant Yves
Published: January 2024

Early Neolithic (Linear Pottery Culture) adzes originate from settlements and workshops accompany the neolithization of Belgium. They are made from a wide range of extraregional lithic raw materials such as metamorphic green rocks (amphibolite) and black volcanic rocks (“basalt’) beside more local or regional raw material as flints, light-coloured (sedimentary and lightly metamorphic) quartzites, black lydites (Cambrian nodular phtanite of Céroux-Mousty and Lower Namurian banded phtanites) and dark grey Lower Namurian silicified sandstones previously called “Micaceous sandstones of Horion-Hozémont’. The discovery of the workshop of Noirfontaine near the city of Liège in the 1970s and 1980s provides exceptional assemblage available for updating analytical studies. This research focuses on the multi-scale characterization, the discrimination and sourcing both Cambrian and Namurian black sedimentary rocks rich in secondary silica composing Early Neolithic adzes found in Belgium. Their black colour results from finely dispersed organic matter, but the absence of palynomorphs does not allow a biostratigraphic ascription. Additional petrographical analyses (Optical Petrography, Scanning Electron Microscope), X-ray diffraction, chemical analyses (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy) and measuring the degree of graphitization of the organic matter through Raman microspectrometry have been decisive in identifying the geological and geographical provenances by comparing the acquired results with geological reference samples collected in the field or through reference collections. Cambrian lydites are coming from a very restricted area and were preferred to other more local rock sources.
Bases moleculares del efecto la restricción calórica sobre la activación de sirtuina-1 y la longevidad. Una revisión narrativa
Authors: Cortés-Palma Fernanda , Tehozol-Limón Daniela , Gutiérrez-Juárez Roger
Published: January 2024

Introducción. El envejecimiento es un proceso natural e inevitable en el que intervienen diversos factores cuya comprensión detallada permitiría desarrollar estrategias para alargar la vida útil reduciendo las enfermedades y discapacidades, y disminuir el impacto que estas representan. En este sentido, la restricción calores (RC) es una de las estrategias que ha demostrado su efectividad sobre un incremento en la longevidad a través de la activación de surtulina-1 (SIRT1). Objetivo. Presentar el estado del arte del conocimiento de las bases moleculares del efecto la restricción calórica sobre la activación de surtuina-1 y la longevidad. Desarrollo. La RC es una intervención nutricional en la cual se disminuye la cantidad de calorías en la dieta, sin llegar a la desnutrición, con el objetivo de mejorar la salud metabólica del individuo. Las sirtuinas regulan la expresión de genes y el metabolismo celular. Específicamente, la sirtuina 1 (SIRT1) es la sirtuina de mayor interés debido a su papel como sensor nutricional y regulador de la proliferación celular. La RC promueve su activación, dando como resultado un aumento de la sensibilidad a la insulina, lo que convierte a SIRT1 en un potente regulador del metabolismo de los macronutrientes, contribuyendo a disminuir la incidencia de enfermedades relacionadas con el envejecimiento y, posiblemente, a aumentar la esperanza de vida. Además, SIRT1 puede ser activada por moléculas naturales exógenas como el resveratrol, y por proteínas endógenas como AROS; o inhibida por proteínas endógenas como DBC-1. Conclusión. La restricción calórica se perfila como una estrategia altamente eficaz, para prevenir o retardar las comorbilidades del envejecimiento. Sin embargo, su verdadero potencial reside en la explotación farmacológica o nutracéutica de las moléculas reguladoras de SIRT1. Éstas mimetizan los efectos de la RC sin cambios extremos en el estilo de vida.
Prevalence of Anxiety, Depression and Social Support Networks in HIV/AIDS Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Secundino-Rebolledo José Ángel , Sosa-Martínez María de Jesús , Lagarza-Moreno Alfredo Josimar , Joanico-Morales Baltazar , Salgado-Jiménez María de los Ángeles
Published: January 2024

Objective: to determine the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and identify social support networks in patients with hiv/aids during the covid-19 pandemic, in a second-level Hospital of the Mexican Institute of Social Security (imss). Methods: cross-sectional analytical study, 420 hiv-positive patients who attended the hiv Clinic of the grh No.1 Vicente Guerrero, in Acapulco, Mexico, from October 2021 to February 2022. A sociodemographic questionnaire was applied to obtain general information, the Gráffar-Méndez Castellanos scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (hads), and the Duke-unc-11 functional social support questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and logistic regression by the Mantel-Haenszel process were performed with the data obtained. Results: the prevalence of anxiety was 7.1%, and depression 5.2%. 89% of the patients perceived to have sufficient total social support. An association between depression, and cd4 lymphocyte count <500 cells/mm3 (ora 2.54, 95% ci 1.06-6.12) was found, as well as, insufficient perceived total social support (ora 15.98, 95% ci 7.68-33.22). Conclusion: Nine out of ten patients perceived to have sufficient total social support, which may be related to the low prevalence of anxiety and depression. cd4 T lymphocyte counts below 500 cells/mm3 were associated with depression. Social support strategies and adherence to antiretroviral treatment are key to the well-being of the population living with hiv/aids during, and in the new normality of the covid-19 pandemic.