bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tissue Engineering in Traumatic Brain Injuries
Authors: Tanios Judy , Al-Halabi Sarah , Hasan Hiba , Abdelhady Samar , Saliba John , Shaito Abdullah , Kobeissy Firas
Published: February 2021

If the brain is injured due to traumatic brain injury (TBI), it will lose some of its cells. If our brain cells get damaged, we may be left with problems controlling our movement, our speech, or even our memory! In the future, tissue engineering may be able to help people with TBI. Tissue engineering involves building a piece of tissue outside of the body or assisting the damaged part of a tissue to grow again and function inside the body. Cells are the building blocks of the body, and they are surrounded by a matrix that supports them. This matrix is called the extracellular matrix (ECM). Scientists can make artificial mimics of the natural ECM. The artificial ECM helps a damaged tissue to regenerate. In this article, we discuss how Gel-MA, an artificial ECM, can have healing properties in injured brains.
N2O Emissions From Residues of Oat and Grass Pea Cover Crops Cultivated in the US Southern Great Plains
Authors: Singh Hardeep , Kandel Tanka P. , Gowda Prasanna H. , Northup Brian K. , Kakani Vijaya G.
Published: February 2021

Grass pea (Lathyrus sphaericus) and oat (Avena sativa) are potential cover crops for spring periods of summer crop systems in the US Southern Great Plains (SGP). The main objective of this study was to compare nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from residues of grass pea and oat grown as green nitrogen (N) crops. The comparisons included responses from plots cultivated with oat, grass pea, and control (spring-fallowed) plots. Two management options were applied to grass pea: residues retained and aboveground biomass removed for forage. Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) was cultivated as a main summer crop immediately after termination of the cover crops. Fluxes of N2O were measured by closed chamber connected to a portable gas analyzer on 23 dates during a 3 month growing period for crabgrass. At termination, oat produced more aboveground biomass than grass pea (2.17 vs. 3.56 Mg ha−1), but total N in biomass was similar (102–104 kg ha−1) due to greater N concentrations in grass pea than oat (4.80% vs. 2.86% of dry mass). Three month cumulative emissions of N2O from grass pea-incorporated plots (0.76 ± 0.11 kg N2O-N ha−1; mean ± standard error, n = 3) were significantly lower than from oat-incorporated plots (1.26 ± 0.14 kg N2O-N ha−1). Emissions from grass pea plots with harvested biomass (0.48 ± 0.04 kg N2O-N ha−1) were significantly lower than those from grass pea-incorporated plots. Cumulative N2O emissions from control plots were significantly greater than those from grass pea-harvested plots but were similar to the emissions from grass pea-incorporated plots. Yields produced by crabgrass were similar from all cover crop treatments (8.65–10.46 Mg ha−1), but yield responses to the control (18.53 Mg ha−1) were significantly larger. Nitrogen concentrations in crabgrass were greater in response to oat- and grass pea-incorporated plots (2.86–2.87%) than in grass pea-harvested (1.93%) and control (1.44%) plots. In conclusion, the results indicated that (i) post-incorporation emissions of N2O can be greater from a non-legume green N crop than a legume green N crop due to greater biomass productivity of the cereal, and (ii) emissions of N2O could be mitigated by removing biomass of the green N crop for use as forage.
The Effect of Negative Pressure in the Abdominal Cavity With Suprasorb CNP on Abdominal Organs—An Experimental Study
Authors: Auer Thomas , Wiederstein-Grasser Iris , Sauseng Siegfried , Delcev Pavle , Preisegger Karl H.
Published: February 2021

Since the introduction of negative pressure therapy of the abdomen, care has been taken to protect the intestine from the effects of negative pressure in order to avoid impairments of abdominal organs. As an alternative to the widespread AB-TheraR system (KCI, San Antonio, Texas, USA), the different concept of Suprasorb CNPR (Lohmann & Rauscher, Austria-Germany) was introduced by the producer with the premise of achieving a better therapeutic effect. Due to numerous pores of the film, the effects of the negative pressure are brought to the surface of the intestinal organs and these effects were tested on seven experimental animals. Particular attention was paid to the small intestine, colon, liver, and pancreas. Over 8 h continuously, three animals were tested with −80 mmHg, 4 with −60 mmHg. The results showed no macroscopic pathological changes. The histological results showed borderline changes in the small intestine and colon with −80 mmHg application, minimal or none with −60 mmHg. The liver and pancreas were found free of pathological changes. For use on human organs, the intra-abdominal application of −60 mmHg for the Suprasorb CNP system is proposed as the standard.
Concept of an Active Surveillance System for Q Fever in German Small Ruminants—Conflicts Between Best Practices and Feasibility
Authors: Winter Fenja , Schoneberg Clara , Wolf Annika , Bauer Benjamin U. , Prüfer T. Louise , Fischer Silke F. , Gerdes Ursula , Runge Martin , Ganter Martin , Campe Amely
Published: February 2021

Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacteriumCoxiella burnetii. Inhalation of contaminated dust particles or aerosols originating from animals (esp. small ruminants) is the main source of human infection. Hence, an active early warning system for Q fever in German small ruminant livestock was conceptualized to prevent human infections. First, we describe the best practice for establishing this system before evaluating its feasibility, as the combination of both evokes conflicts. Vaginal swabs from all husbandry systems with a focus on reproductive females should pooled and investigated by PCR to detectC. burnetii-shedding animals. Multistage risk-based sampling shall be carried out at the flock level and within-flock level. At the flock level, all flocks that are at risk to transmit the pathogen to the public must be sampled. At the within-flock level, all primi- and multiparous females after lambing must be tested in order to increase the probability of identifying a positive herd. Sampling should be performed during the main lambing period and before migration in residential areas. Furthermore, individual animals should be tested before migration or exhibition to ensure a negative status. If a flock tests positive in at least one individual sample, then flock-specific preventive measures should be implemented. This approach implies huge financial costs (sample testing, action/control measures). Hence, taking the step to develop more feasible and affordable preventive measures, e.g., vaccinating small ruminant flocks, should replace testing wherever justifiable.
Cadmium Toxicity on Chondrocytes and the Palliative Effects of 1α, 25-Dihydroxy Vitamin D3 in White Leghorns Chicken's Embryo
Authors: Gu Jianhong , Li Saihui , Wang Guoshuai , Zhang Xueqing , Yuan Yan , Liu Xuezhong , Bian Jianchun , Tong Xishuai , Liu Zongping
Published: February 2021

Cadmium (Cd) can causes osteoporosis and joint swelling. However, the mechanism of Cd toxicity in chondrocytes and how to alleviate Cd poisoning to chondrocytes are still unclear. Herein, we evaluated the toxicity of Cd to chicken chondrocytes, and whether vitamin D can relieve the toxicity of Cd to chondrocytes. Primary chondrocytes were collected from knee-joint cartilage of 15-day-old chicken embryos. They were treated with (0, 1, 2, and 4) μM Cd alone, 10−8 M 1α,25-(OH)2D3 alone, or 2 μM Cd combined with 10−8 M 1α,25-(OH)2D3. We found that Cd significantly inhibited Sox9 and ACAN mRNA expression, which are markers for chondrocyte differentiation, downregulated the mitochondrial membrane potential, upregulated the Bax/B-cell lymphoma 2 ratio. Furthermore, Cd significantly promoted matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression, thus accelerating the degradation of extracellular matrix. And Cd also inhibited the expression of main macromolecular protein of extracellular matrix, Collagen type IIα1 (COL2A1) and acid mucopolysaccharide. However, 1α,25-(OH)2D3 pretreatment significantly alleviated the toxicity effects of Cd on the differentiation, apoptosis and extracellular matrix gene expression in primary chondrocytes. Conclusively, Cd exposure could inhibited chicken embryo chondrocytes differentiation, extracellular matrix gene expression, and induced chondrocyte apoptosis. However, these toxic effects of Cd are alleviated by the pretreatment of chondrocytes with 1α,25-(OH)2D3.
Special Issue: Civil and Military Airworthiness: Recent Developments and Challenges (Volume II)
Authors: Kourousis Kyriakos I.
Published: February 2021

Effective safety management has always been a key objective for the broader airworthiness sector [...]
Emerging Natural-Product-Based Treatments for the Management of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Pérez-Lozano Maria-Luisa , Cesaro Annabelle , Mazor Marija , Esteve Eric , Berteina-Raboin Sabine , Best Thomas M. , Lespessailles Eric , Toumi Hechmi
Published: February 2021

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex degenerative disease in which joint homeostasis is disrupted, leading to synovial inflammation, cartilage degradation, subchondral bone remodeling, and resulting in pain and joint disability. Yet, the development of new treatment strategies to restore the equilibrium of the osteoarthritic joint remains a challenge. Numerous studies have revealed that dietary components and/or natural products have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-bone-resorption, and anabolic potential and have received much attention toward the development of new therapeutic strategies for OA treatment. In the present review, we provide an overview of current and emerging natural-product-based research treatments for OA management by drawing attention to experimental, pre-clinical, and clinical models. Herein, we review current and emerging natural-product-based research treatments for OA management.
Design of Adaptive TSK Fuzzy Self-Organizing Recurrent Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller for Chaotic Systems Control
Authors: Wang Shun-Yuan , Lin Chuan-Min , Li Chen-Hao
Published: February 2021

The synchronization and control of chaos have been under extensive study by researchers in recent years. In this study, an adaptive Takagi–Sugeno–Kang (TSK) fuzzy self-organizing recurrent cerebellar model articulation controller (ATFSORC) is proposed, which is composed of a set of TSK fuzzy rules, a cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC), a recurrent CMAC (RCMAC), a self-organizing CMAC (SOCMAC), and a compensation controller. Specifically, SOCMAC, RCMAC, and adaptive laws are adopted so that the association memory layers of ATFSORC can be modulated in accordance with the layer decision-making mechanism in order to reduce the structure complexity and improve the control performance of ATFSORC. Moreover, the Takagi–Sugeno–Kang fuzzy rules are introduced to increase the learning speed of ATFSORC, and the improved compensating controller is designed to dispel the errors between an ideal controller and the TFSORC. Moreover, the proposed ATFSORC is applied to chaotic systems in order to validate its performance and feasibility. Several simulation schemes are demonstrated to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Simulation results show that the proposed ATFSORC can obtain a favorable control performance when the chaotic systems are operated at different parameters. Specifically, ATFSORC can achieve faster convergence of the tracking error than fuzzy CMAC (FCMAC) and CMAC.
Oral Administration of Probiotic Bifidobacterium breve Improves Facilitation of Hippocampal Memory Extinction via Restoration of Aberrant Higher Induction of Neuropsin in an MPTP-Induced Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Ishii Toshiaki , Furuoka Hidefumi , Kaya Motohiro , Kuhara Tetsuya
Published: February 2021

We previously reported that 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson’s disease (PD) model mice (PD mice) facilitate hippocampal memory extinction, which may be the cause of cognitive impairment in PD. Recent studies on the consumption of probiotics have reported a variety of beneficial effects on the central nervous system via the microbiota–gut–brain axis. In this study, we investigated the effects of oral administration of Bifidobacterium breve strain A1 [MCC1274] (B. breve A1) on the facilitation of hippocampal memory extinction observed in PD mice. We found that four-day consecutive oral administration of B. breve A1 restored facilitation of contextual fear extinction in PD mice. Hippocampal mRNA expression levels of postsynaptic density protein-95 and synaptophysin significantly decreased in the PD mice, but mRNA and protein expression levels of neuropsin increased. Furthermore, CA1 apical spine density was significantly reduced in PD mice. On the other hand, administration of B. breve A1 to PD mice recovered all these expression levels and the CA1 spine density to control levels. These results suggest that increased induction of neuropsin is involved in abnormal changes in hippocampal synaptic plasticity, and that B. breve A1 imposes reins on its expression, resulting in the restoration of abnormal hippocampal synaptic plasticity and the facilitation of fear extinction in PD mice.
Colloidal Particles for Pickering Emulsion Stabilization Prepared via Antisolvent Precipitation of Lignin-Rich Cocoa Shell Extract
Authors: Cuthill Holly , Elleman Carole , Curwen Thomas , Wolf Bettina
Published: February 2021

This study concerns the preparation and functionality testing of a new class of Pickering particles for food emulsion stabilization: colloidal lignin-rich particles (CLRPs) derived from ethanol-soluble extract of cocoa shell. A further goal was to achieve Pickering functionality without the need to add co-emulsifying surfactants during emulsion processing. Cocoa shell is a co-product of the food manufacturing industry. As such it is anticipated that the particles would be accepted as a natural food ingredient, provided no harmful solvents are used in any step of their processing. The cocoa shell particles were milled, dispersed in water and exposed to 250 °C for 1 h in a stainless-steel tubular reactor followed by ethanol extraction to obtain a lignin-rich extract (46% (w/w) lignin with the remainder predominantly lipids). CLRPs were then fabricated by the precipitation of ethanol-dissolved extract into water (antisolvent). By employing an agitated process and droplet dosing into a non-agitated process, four particle suspensions of a range of submicron diameters were obtained. All particle suspensions contained the same mass fraction of extract and were surface active, with surface tension decreasing with increasing particle size. The smallest particles were obtained when lipids were removed from the extract prior to particle processing. In contrast to the other four particle suspensions, this one failed to stabilize a 10% (w/w) sunflower oil-in-water emulsion. We hypothesize that the phospholipids indigenously present in these CLRP formulations are a critical component for Pickering functionality. It can be concluded that we have successfully introduced a new class of Pickering particles, fabricated from an industry co-product and anticipated to be food grade.
Substance Use and Addictive Behavior in Spanish Adolescents in Secondary School
Authors: García-García Elena , Martínez-Gimeno María-Lara , Benítez-Andrades José Alberto , Miranda-Gómez Joselin , Zapata-Cornejo Enrique de Dios , Escobar-Aguilar Gema
Published: February 2021

The detection and prevention of addictive behaviour at an early age is essential given the relationship between the age of the onset of consumption and the appearance of addiction disorders. The aim of this study was to describe the behavior related to substance use and addictive behaviors in adolescents at secondary school from 12 to 16 years of age. A cross-sectional descriptive study has been conducted. The prevalence of consumption of different addictive substances (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, cocaine) and addictive behaviours (use of social networks and video games) were collated, and the influence of the surrounding social environment and risk perception were evaluated. The final sample was 1298 students. Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use reflect the prevalence of last month’s consumption: 14% (11.8–15.6), 15% (13.4–17.4) and 3% (1.9–2.7) respectively. 76% of the sample frequently use the Internet (5–7 days per week). There is a positive association between the frequency of use and use in the immediate environment. The relationships found show the need for educational and preventive intervention aimed at parents and students that will allow them to know and effectively deal with possible problems associated with the consumption of addictive substances.
Refining Irrigation Strategies in Horticultural Production
Authors: Alvino Arturo , Ferreira Maria Isabel Freire Ribeiro
Published: February 2021

Water, energy and food security are crucial for a sustainable long-term economy [...]
Dental Anxiety and Higher Sensory Processing Sensitivity in a Sample of German Soldiers with Inflammatory Periodontal Disease
Authors: Eger Thomas , Wörner Felix , Simon Ursula , Konrad Sandra , Wolowski Anne
Published: February 2021

(1) Background: Dental anxiety with disease value usually leads to avoidance of dental treatment. For the initial diagnosis of the level of anxiety, questionnaires such as the Hierarchical Anxiety Questionnaire (HAQ) are suitable. The construct of sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) describes a general trait in which people with a higher degree of SPS perceive information more strongly and process it more thoroughly. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated the relationship between dental anxiety and higher levels of SPS in 116 soldiers referred with different stages of periodontitis for mandatory dental fitness before military deployment. (3) Results: The proportion of patients with periodontitis in stage III + IV was 39% and in stage I + II was 27%. The mean cumulative values of the questionnaires were 20.9 ± 10.6 for HAQ and 27.7 ± 16.0 for SPS. Eleven moderately anxious patients had a SPS value of 37.4 ± 13.5 and 10 highly anxious patients had a value of 36.3 ± 14.1. Patients diagnosed with stage III + IV periodontitis showed significantly higher values on the SPS subscale Low Sensory Threshold (LST), which describes overstimulation by external sensory stimuli, compared to patients with stage I + II periodontitis. Dental anxiety showed moderately significant correlations with the SPS subscale Ease of Excitation (EOE), which measures emotional reactivity to physiological stimuli. (4) Conclusions: Due to the frequency of dental anxiety and higher sensitivity in patients with severe periodontitis, it is useful to record said frequency.
The Evolving Landscape of Fungal Diagnostics, Current and Emerging Microbiological Approaches
Authors: Freeman Weiss Zoe , Leon Armando , Koo Sophia
Published: February 2021

Invasive fungal infections are increasingly recognized in immunocompromised hosts. Current diagnostic techniques are limited by low sensitivity and prolonged turnaround times. We review emerging diagnostic technologies and platforms for diagnosing the clinically invasive disease caused by Candida, Aspergillus, and Mucorales.
Extending the Photon Energy Coverage of a Seeded Free-Electron Laser via Reverse Taper Enhanced Harmonic Cascade
Authors: Zhang Kaiqing , Liu Tao , Qi Zheng , Fu Xiaoxi , Feng Chao , Deng Haixiao , Liu Bo
Published: February 2021

External seeded free-electron lasers (FELs) hold promising prospects for producing intense coherent radiation at high harmonics of a conventional laser. The practical harmonic up-conversion efficiencies of current seeding techniques are limited by various three-dimensional effects on the electron beam. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to extend the wavelength coverage of a seeded FEL by combining the reverse taper undulator with the echo-enabled harmonic generation. The proposed technique can significantly enhance the bunching at ultra-high harmonics and preserve the electron beam qualities from degradation by deleterious effects. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are performed, and the results demonstrate that stable, intense, nearly fully coherent FEL pulses with photon energy up to 1 keV can be generated. The proposed technique may open up new opportunities to obtain laser-like pulses at sub-nanometer wavelength.
Supramolecular Polymer Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Li Xiumei , Xu Wanjia , Xin Yue , Yuan Jiawei , Ji Yuancheng , Chu Shengnan , Liu Junqiu , Luo Quan
Published: February 2021

Polymer nanocomposites, a class of innovative materials formed by polymer matrixes and nanoscaled fillers (e.g., carbon-based nanomaterials, inorganic/semiconductor nanoparticles, metal/metal-oxide nanoparticles, polymeric nanostructures, etc.), display enhanced mechanical, optoelectrical, magnetic, catalytic, and bio-related characteristics, thereby finding a wide range of applications in the biomedical field. In particular, the concept of supramolecular chemistry has been introduced into polymer nanocomposites, which creates myriad “smart” biomedical materials with unique physicochemical properties and dynamic tunable structures in response to diverse external stimuli. This review aims to provide an overview of the chemical composition, morphological structures, biological functionalities, and reinforced performances of supramolecular polymer nanocomposites. Additionally, recent advances in biomedical applications such as therapeutic delivery, bioimaging, and tissue engineering are also discussed, especially their excellent properties leveraged in the development of multifunctional intelligent biomedical materials.
Redox Effects of Molecular Hydrogen and Its Therapeutic Efficacy in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Rahman Md. Habibur , Bajgai Johny , Fadriquela Ailyn , Sharma Subham , Trinh Thi Thuy , Akter Rokeya , Goh Seong Hoon , Kim Cheol-Su , Lee Kyu-Jae
Published: February 2021

Oxidative stress (OS) and neuroinflammatory stress affect many neurological disorders. Despite the clinical significance of oxidative damage in neurological disorders, still, no effective and safe treatment methods for neuro diseases are available. With this, molecular hydrogen (H2) has been recently reported as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent to treat several oxidative stress-related diseases. In animal and human clinical trials, the routes for H2 administration are mainly categorized into three types: H2 gas inhalation, H2 water dissolving, and H2-dissolved saline injection. This review explores some significant progress in research on H2 use in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, neonatal disorders of the brain, and other NDs (retinal ischemia and traumatic brain injury). Even though most neurological problems are not currently curable, these studies have shown the therapeutic potential for prevention, treatment, and mitigation of H2 administration. Several possible H2-effectors, including cell signaling molecules and hormones, which prevent OS and inflammation, will also be addressed. However, more clinical and other related studies are required to evaluate the direct H2 target molecule.
Research on Flow Stability and Vibration of an Industrial Hydraulic Turbine
Authors: Su Xianghui , Cao Zixian , Li Yi , Jin Yuzhen , Tang Zhenji
Published: February 2021

Industrial hydraulic turbines, a kind of small-scaled turbine in a more compact and flexible application, are frequently used in hydrogen cracking, synthesis ammonia, and circulating water field. Besides the energy recovery efficiency, the working stability at variable speed situations is a critical issue, since its rotation speed changes with the flow parameters of the upstream. In this paper, a conventional turbine was numerically investigated under three different rotation speeds and its best efficiency points (BEPs). The velocity profiles, blade load, pressure fluctuation, and vibration features were discussed to form a comprehensive evaluation of turbine stability. The numerical results were validated through turbine external characteristic and vibration tests. The results indicate that the pressure pulsation and vibrations increase when it deviates from the rated rotation speed, but the relatively low flowrate point behaves better than the large point in the aspect of turbine stability; the main reasons are the angle of incidence and rotor circumferential vortex. The conclusions can provide significant reference for turbine hydraulic optimization and engineering application.
Investigation and Statistical Evaluation of Reinforced Aluminum Foams
Authors: Bunjan Ivana , Grilec Krešimir , Ćorić Danko
Published: February 2021

In this study, aluminum foams reinforced with different steel elements were produced by the AluLight process. The master alloy AlMgSi0.6 was used as the matrix material, titanium hydride (TiH2) powder was used as a foaming agent, and steel wire, cylindrical steel mesh and flat steel mesh were used as reinforcing elements. Reinforcements were placed inside the mold, along with the precursors, and samples were manufactured by gas releasing particles in a semi-solid state. To examine the effect of the reinforcements on specific energy absorption, quasi-static uniaxial compression tests were carried out, with a constant separation rate of 1 mm/s. From the tested results, the energy absorption per unit volume and specific energy absorption efficiency were calculated and then also statistically evaluated. The results showed that examined shapes of reinforcements affect differently specific energy absorption and its efficiency, compared to non-reinforced aluminum foams. The best result obtained was with cylindrically shaped steel mesh.
Calibration of Transition Intensities for a Multistate Model: Application to Long-Term Care
Authors: Esquível Manuel L. , Guerreiro Gracinda R. , Oliveira Matilde C. , Corte Real Pedro
Published: February 2021

We consider a non-homogeneous continuous time Markov chain model for Long-Term Care with five states: the autonomous state, three dependent states of light, moderate and severe dependence levels and the death state. For a general approach, we allow for non null intensities for all the returns from higher dependence levels to all lesser dependencies in the multi-state model. Using data from the 2015 Portuguese National Network of Continuous Care database, as the main research contribution of this paper, we propose a method to calibrate transition intensities with the one step transition probabilities estimated from data. This allows us to use non-homogeneous continuous time Markov chains for modeling Long-Term Care. We solve numerically the Kolmogorov forward differential equations in order to obtain continuous time transition probabilities. We assess the quality of the calibration using the Portuguese life expectancies. Based on reasonable monthly costs for each dependence state we compute, by Monte Carlo simulation, trajectories of the Markov chain process and derive relevant information for model validation and premium calculation.
Daytime Cloud Detection Method Using the All-Sky Imager over PERMATApintar Observatory
Authors: Azhar Mohammad Afiq Dzuan Mohd , Hamid Nurul Shazana Abdul , Kamil Wan Mohd Aimran Wan Mohd , Mohamad Nor Sakinah
Published: February 2021

In this study, we explored a new method of cloud detection called the Blue-Green (B-G) Color Difference, which is adapted from the widely used Red-Blue (R-B) Color Difference. The objective of this study was to test the effectiveness of these two methods in detecting daytime clouds. Three all-sky images were selected from a database system at PERMATApintar Observatory. Each selected all-sky image represented different sky conditions, namely clear, partially cloudy and overcast. Both methods were applied to all three images and compared in terms of cloud coverage detection. Our analysis revealed that both color difference methods were able to detect a thick cloud efficiently. However, the B-G was able to detect thin clouds better compared to the R-B method, resulting in a higher and more accurate cloud coverage detection.
Predictors of Fatal Pulmonary Haemorrhage in Dogs Affected by Leptospirosis Approaching Haemodialysis
Authors: Lippi Ilaria , Puccinelli Caterina , Perondi Francesca , Ceccherini Gianila , Pierini Alessio , Marchetti Veronica , Citi Simonetta
Published: February 2021

A retrospective case control study, which aimed to evaluate potential clinical, laboratory and imaging predictors of fatal pulmonary haemorrhage in dogs with Leptospirosis submitted to haemodialysis. The study population was divided in two groups according to the presence (PH) or absence (nPH) of pulmonary haemorrhage. A statistical comparison was performed at hospital admission for clinical (spontaneous bleeding, icterus, and respiratory distress), laboratory (serum creatinine, urea, phosphate, calcium, bicarbonate, bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALKP, GGT, total protein, albumin, glycaemia, sodium, potassium, CRP, RBC, HCT, HGB, WBC, PLT, PT, aPTT, fibrinogen), and pulmonary radiographic findings between the two groups of dogs. At hospital admission, dogs developing pulmonary haemorrhage were more likely to have respiratory distress (p = 0.002), severely elevated serum bilirubin (p = 0.002), AST (p = 0.04), ALT (p = 0.012), ALKP (p = 0.002), reduced serum glycaemia (p = 0.014), and thrombocytopenia (p = 0.04). Respiratory distress and elevated serum bilirubin (≥11.5 mg/dL) were independently associated with increased risk of pulmonary haemorrhage. In conclusion, the presence of respiratory distress at hospital admission is strongly associated (OR 40.9) with increased risk of pulmonary haemorrhage, even though no abnormalities are found at chest radiography.
THEORETICAL BASES OF CALCULATION FORCES INERTIA WHEN DRAWING A COVER ON AN EXTERNAL SURFACEBODY OF ROTATION
Authors: RODICHEV A.Yu. , PANICHKIN A.V. , GRIADYNOVA E.N. , TOKMAKOVA V.A.
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of a study of the influence of inertia forces on the adhesion of a coating to the outer surface of bodies of revolution during thermal spraying. A mathematical apparatus is proposed for calculating the inertia forces acting on a coating particle when rotation bodies are applied to the outer surface. As a result, dependences are revealed that make it possible to predict the adhesion strength of the coating to the steel base during thermal spraying.
APPLICATION OF ELASTIC DEFORMATIONS TO PARABOLOIDAL SURFACE MAKING
Authors: NEMENKO A.V. , NIKITIN M.M.
Published: February 2021

The transformation of a spherical concave mirror into a parabolic one with the help of elastic bending deformations is considered. The magnitude and direction of the load, which creates the necessary bend for transforming the mirror with the given parameters, are determined. Uneven material removal during machining is replaced by the bend of an optically accurate spherical surface already obtained. The application of the results to the creation of an active control system for the shaping of the surface of a paraboloid of rotation is considered. The proposed finishing technology is aimed at solving the problem of guaranteed obtaining optically accurate surface of a parabolic mirror.
ANALYSIS OF PREDICTORS OF EPILEPTIC SEIZURES
Authors: ZHIDKOV A.V. , MAKAROV A.A. , PODMASTERYEV K.V. , ZHILTSOV M.P. , CHEKMAREVA D.E.
Published: February 2021

The statistical data on epilepsy, etiology and pathogenesis of the disease are given in the article. The main causes that affect the occurrence of epileptic seizures, and possible predictors that are sensitive to these causes (metabolic rate, blood flow velocity, change in electrical activity of the brain) are highlighted. The blood flow dynamics in the common carotid artery, which supplies the brain with oxygen and nutrients is proposed to be considered as one of the possible internal physiological parameters that are believed to be predictors of epileptic seizures.
METHODS OF CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT OF THERMAL AND HYDRAULIC MODES THERMAL POINTS OF BUILDINGS
Authors: PETROV S.P. , PODMASTERYEV K.V. , PILIPENKO A.V. , MARKIN N.I. , NIKITENKO O.S.
Published: February 2021

The article deals with various circuit solutions for individual thermal points of buildings, methods for monitoring and controlling thermal and hydraulic modes at the buildings user input.
IMPROVEMENT OF MACHINE EQUIPMENT FOR PRECISION PROCESSING OF PARTS IN FLOATING WORKSHOPS
Authors: KHARCHENKO A.O. , BRATAN S.M. , VLADETSKAYA E.A.
Published: February 2021

The article discusses the results of research and development in the direction of improving machine equipment for precision machining of parts in the conditions of floating workshops by increasing the vibration resistance of the technological system and reducing the harmful effects of the external environment (sea waves) and neighboring operating equipment The traditional vibration–isolating supports of the machines cannot be used at floating workshops due to their loss of functioning under the rolling pitch of the floating base and horizontal displacements under its influence. New effective design variants of the vibration protection device of precision machine tools and supports with active vibration isolation are described, which allow automatic control of the damping of the machine vibration–isolating support under external influences.
CALCULATION OF THE MOBILE DEVICE OF THE BUILDING ROBOT FOR SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: KORNAEV A.V. , STEBAKOV I.N. , POPOV S.G. , KAZAKOV Yu.N.
Published: February 2021

This article discusses the development of an affordable software and hardware complex for monitoring and diagnostics of rotary machines with fluid–film bearings. The software part of the complex was developed on the basis of a four–layer fully–connected artificial neural network. The network was trained and tested according to the results of experiments in a test rig. The contact resistance sensors measurement results were used as input for training. The basis of the hardware of the complex was the Nucleo–144 board with a trained network. Testing of the developed complex showed a diagnostic accuracy of 86%.
USING THE METHOD OF MEASURING THE MIRROR COMPONENT OF REFLECTED RADIATION IN COSMETOLOGY TO ASSESS THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE FACE SKIN
Authors: BONDAREVA L.A. , SUKHANOVA M.V. , KUZNETSOVA L.D.
Published: February 2021

The article analyzes the possibility of using the method of measuring the mirror component of reflected radiation to assess the functional state of the human face skin. The theoretical justification of the process of forming a mirror component from biological tissue and the results of an experimental study on volunteers are presented.
ALGEBRAIC METHODS FOR CALCULATING BRANCHED MECHANICAL SYSTEMS FOR FORCED OSCILLATIONS
Authors: POPOV I.P.
Published: February 2021

Parallel-serial and serial-parallel connections of consumers of mechanical power are considered. According to the known parameters of systems and the disturbing harmonic effect, the velocities of the elements of mechanical systems and the forces applied to them are algebraically determined. A comprehensive representation of harmonic and related quantities is used. This approach is widely used in electrical engineering. For the considered branched mechanical schemes, the classical methods based on the solution of second-order differential equations become many times more complicated and require the solution of systems of equations, which are reduced to higher-order differential equations. The use of a symbolic (complex) description of mechanical processes and systems makes it possible to use instead simple and compact algebraic methods, the complexity of which is ten times less.
THE MONITORING SYSTEM OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT HYDROPHYSICAL FIELDS
Authors: SAVKOVA E.O. , CHENGAR O.V. , SHEVCHENKO V.I.
Published: February 2021

The article considers the functions performed by the system for monitoring the fine structure of the water environment hydrophysical fields, starting from initialization the system parameters to visualization the received information. As a result of a detailed analysis the selected functions, which consists in determining the input information flows, their representation and transformation, a functional diagram of the measuring system for monitoring the fine structure of the water environment hydrophysical fields was developed, which allows reducing the cost of conducting sounding and ensuring the necessary measurement accuracy, thanks to the chosen sensing strategy and the use of a database of simulated parameters of turbulated layers .
THERMODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF COMBINED CYCLES OF VACUUM MICRO-GAS TURBINE PLANTS OF HEAT AND POWER SUPPLY OF LOCAL OBJECTS
Authors: DOLOGLONYAN A.V. , STREBKOV D.S. , MATVIIENKO V.T. , STACENKO I.N.
Published: February 2021

The subject of this article is the use of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) plants to improve the efficiency of vacuum cycles of micro-gas turbine engines (VMGTE). Combined installations VMGTE with ORC of a simple cycle and with heat regeneration have been investigated. The optimal parameters of the plants in the mode of the switching heat flow are found for various working fluids of the ORC. It has been established that the combination of VMGTE with ORC allows to increase the efficiency of plants by 4.2 ... 12.5%, while maintaining cogeneration capabilities. Due to the design features, the combined plant based on a simple cycle can be used for the utilization of secondary energy resources of any potential.
IMPEDANCE AND ADMITTANCE OF MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
Authors: POPOV I.P.
Published: February 2021

It is noted that the traditional calculation of mechanisms in forced oscillations is often a difficult task. Most often, calculators are interested in steady-state oscillation modes. The aim of the work is to significantly simplify the calculations by replacing the need to solve differential equations with algebraic methods. A similar approach is widely used in electrical engineering. The use of a symbolic (complex) description of mechanical systems under forced harmonic oscillations (in the steady state) made it possible to abandon the extremely cumbersome and time-consuming calculation algorithm associated with solving differential equations and replace it with simple and clear algebraic operations. Due to this, the calculation time is reduced significantly. Vector diagrams, not being a necessary component of the study of mechanical systems, have significant methodological significance, since they show quantitative and phase relationships between the parameters of systems.
THE MAIN TASKS OF ENSURING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MOBILE MECHANIZED COMPLEXES
Authors: ABLAEV R.R.
Published: February 2021

In the article, the author has studied the process of functioning of mobile mechanized complexes. The structural indicators of the functioning of mobile mechanized complexes and an enlarged block diagram of its functioning are presented. As optimizing functions of the structure of mobile mechanized complexes, the author offers two target functions: technical (temporal characteristics) and economic, in the form of reducing the cost of creating and operating a complex.
PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF WORM GEARS IN VEHICLE DESIGNS
Authors: KARELINA M.Yu. , ATAMANENKO N.V. , CHEREPNINA Т.Yu.
Published: February 2021

The article analyzes the prospects for the use of worm gears in the construction of vehicles. A review of the method of calculating the worm gear has been carried out, approaches to the selection of materials for the worm itself and the worm wheel have been analyzed. A comparative analysis of the characteristics of improved and normalized medium-carbon steels and cast irons has been carried out. The characteristics of materials characterized by the best antifriction and anti-seize properties, in particular, tin bronzes, are given. The methods for predicting the reliability of a worm pair as well as methods for increasing the resource have been considered. The choice of the material of the worm gear depending on the sliding speed has been justified. Calculations have been given to prevent failures in the worm pair: chipping of the working surfaces of the teeth, kinking of the worm wheel tooth, seizing and wear, breakage of the worm's body, overheating, jamming of the gear and others.
MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL JOURNAL BEARING: EXPERIMENTAL STUDY RESULTS
Authors: FETISOV A.S.
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of experimental studies of the effect of current power on an electromagnetic actuator of a magnetorheological journal bearing on the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the rotor system. The description of the experimental stand is presented. The description of the information-measuring system is presented.
FORMATION ON THE SURFACE OF COATING PARTS BY VIBRATING MECHANOCHEMICAL TREATMENT
Authors: IVANOV V.V. , CHEREPENKO A.A. , LEVSHINA K.V. , SIMUSHKIN A.V. , MORGUNOV L.V.
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to one of the promising areas of combined processing methods and, in particular, vibration mechanochemical treatment (VIMHO) and vibration mechanochemical coatings (VIMHP). A classification has been developed depending on the energy capacity of the system (the nature and intensity of the processes occurring between the base and the coating).
Constructing Donor-Resonance-Donor Molecules for Acceptor-Free Bipolar Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Jiang He , Jin Jibiao , Wang Zijie , Wang Wuji , Chen Runfeng , Tao Ye , Xue Qin , Zheng Chao , Xie Guohua , Huang Wei
Published: February 2021

Organic semiconductors with bipolar transporting character are highly attractive as they offer the possibility to achieve high optoelectronic performance in simple device structures. However, the continual efforts in preparing bipolar materials are focusing on donor-acceptor (D-A) architectures by introducing both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing units into one molecule in static molecular design principles. Here, we report a dynamic approach to construct bipolar materials using only electron-donating carbazoles connected by N-P=X resonance linkages in a donor-resonance-donor (D-r-D) structure. By facilitating the stimuli-responsive resonance variation, these D-r-D molecules exhibit extraordinary bipolar properties by positively charging one donor of carbazole in enantiotropic N
+
=P-X
-
canonical forms for electron transport without the involvement of any acceptors. With thus realized efficient and balanced charge transport, blue and deep-blue phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes hosted by these D-r-D molecules show high external quantum efficiencies up to 16.2% and 18.3% in vacuum-deposited and spin-coated devices, respectively. These results
via
the D-r-D molecular design strategy represent an important concept advance in constructing bipolar organic optoelectronic semiconductors dynamically for high-performance device applications.
El área de entierros humanos del sitio arqueológico familia Primón (Coronda, Santa Fe):
Authors: Galligani Paula , Balducci Fernando , Sartori Julieta
Published: February 2021

El sitio arqueológico Familia Primón (FP) se localiza en un barrio residencial al sur de la ciudad de Coronda, sobre la margen derecha del río homónimo (departamento San Jerónimo, provincia de Santa Fe). Durante las tareas arqueológicas llevadas a cabo en diferentes momentos se excavaron tres sectores, de los cuales el sector 1 corresponde a un área de entierros múltiples. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de la reconstrucción de la planta de entierros ―lograda a partir de la digitalización de planillas y fotografías recuperadas en formato analógico y su manejo mediante sistemas de información geográfica (SIG)― y de los análisis anatómicos, cuantitativos y tafonómicos llevados a cabo sobre los restos óseos humanos hallados. Adicionalmente, se realiza una síntesis de la información disponible para otros sitios con inhumaciones localizados en la zona vinculada con el río Coronda. En general, los datos obtenidos a partir de la gestión de la información recolectada y de los análisis efectuados indican que en el sitio FP fueron inhumados al menos 18 individuos, tanto en entierros primarios como secundarios, con diferentes orientaciones y características comparables con las relevadas en otros sitios del área y también de la región del Nordeste argentino.
Ácidos grasos y esteroles en la cerámica arqueológica de los lagos Musters y Colhue Huapi (bajo Sarmiento, Provincia del Chubut)
Authors: Schuster Verónica , Mazzuca Marcia , Gurín Celeste , Moreno Eduardo
Published: February 2021

Este trabajo expone los primeros resultados de estudios de ácidos grasos absorbidos en cerámicas arqueológicas de sitios del bajo Sarmiento ubicado en el centro sur de la provincia del Chubut. Se presenta el análisis efectuado en diez muestras cerámicas procedentes de ocho localidades arqueológicas que fueron procesadas a partir del uso combinado de cromatografía gaseosa y espectrometría de masas. Los resultados se discuten teniendo en cuenta los recursos locales y potencialmente disponibles para el procesamiento y/o consumo en dicha tecnología. Además, se enfatiza en las ventajas y limitaciones metodológicas inherentes a la identificación y la determinación de las diversas especies y recursos a partir de muestras de cerámicas arqueológicas.
Derechos, género y generaciones: disputas y negociaciones sobre protección y bienestar
Authors: Tabbush Constanza , LLobet Valeria
Published: February 2021

Este dossier aborda los ejes de tensión más recurrentes en los debates sobre políticas públicas entre especialistas en género e infancia; entre derechos de las mujeres y derechos de niñas y niños. Aunque históricamente ambas agendas han enfatizado un análisis desde los derechos humanos, poco han avanzado ambos grupos de interés en explorar los desafíos presentes al articularse positivamente estos conjuntos de derechos en las arquitecturas del bienestar en Latinoamérica.
De secuestros y localizaciones de niños y niñas “desaparecidos/as”: los albores del activismo de Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo
Authors: Regueiro Sabina
Published: February 2021

Este artículo analiza las incipientes formas de activismo de ungrupo de mujeres, las Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo, cuyo objetivo es labúsqueda de niños/as desaparecidos/as durante la última dictaduramilitar argentina. Para iluminar este proceso se reflexionará sobre laprimera localización de un niño y una niña acompañada por “Abuelas”.Tras el secuestro de sus padres, dos hermanos son “abandonados” enuna plaza pública, internados en un instituto de menores y entregadosen guarda a una pareja. Sin embargo, la búsqueda de sus abuelasen toda la región permitió su localización un año después. Se desatóasí un conflicto público entre las familias en disputa en torno a lalegitimidad de la adopción o la restitución. Esto habilitó la intervencióntanto de autoridades militares desde las embajadas involucradas comode diversos representantes locales de organismos internacionalesen el marco de un debate mediático, político y regional en torno a la“subversión”. De esta manera, a partir de este estudio de caso, secontribuirá al debate general en torno a la compleja relación entrepolítica, derechos, parentesco e infancia.