bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparación de técnicas analíticas para la determinación cualitativa de derivados de soja en productos cárnicos
Authors: Vázquez Natalia , Rodríguez Girault Gonzalo , Agnese Matías , Flores Enrique , Bello Marcelo
Published: January 2024

En Argentina, el SENASA es responsable de la fiscalización de los establecimientos que elaboran alimentos cárneos y, estos productos, a su vez, se encuentran normados en Código Alimentario Argentino. La normativa permite la adición de derivados de soja en chacinados como ligantes y/o extensores, mientras que en las salazones está prohibido su uso. En este marco, el objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar las técnicas de microscopía, enzimoinmunoanálisis y la Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa en Tiempo Real (ELISA y Real time-PCR, respectivamente) para la detección de soja en productos cárnicos. Se analizaron 4 matrices de chacinados y salazones fortificados con derivados de soja al 1% y 20 muestras comerciales. En todas las muestras fortificadas se detectó la presencia de soja por las tres metodologías y la totalidad de las muestras comerciales se encontró conforme con la legislación. Si bien, las técnicas son aptas para el objetivo planteado, se puede concluir que la microscopia tiene la ventaja de ser de bajo costo, aunque es limitada la cantidad de muestras que se pueden observar simultáneamente y depende de la pericia del analista. La técnica ELISA tiene la desventaja del costo de los kits comerciales y que se deben reunir cierta cantidad de muestras para optimizar su uso. Finalmente, el método basado en la detección de ADN permite analizar gran cantidad de muestras en forma simultánea en poco tiempo, y con alta sensibilidad y especificidad; considerando esto sumado a la estabilidad de la molécula de ADN frente a los tratamientos térmicos utilizados en la elaboración de los alimentos, la técnica de PCR se presenta como una herramienta alternativa y confiable para el control de los mismos. En adición, un desarrollo más específico del método cualitativo de PCR permitiría cuantificar el contenido de soja en diversas matrices alimentarias.
Tantangan Pelaksanaan Program Adiwiyata di Sekolah Menengah
Authors: Husna Ulya Latifatul , Fihris Fihris , Nasikhin Nasikhin , Wartini Wartini
Published: January 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tantangan penerapan Adiwiyata di lingkungan sekolah yang dilakukan oleh siswa SMP N 35 Semarang. Penelitian ini juga mendeskripsikan faktor pendukung dalam pelaksanaan program Adiwiyata SMP N 35 Semarang. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan sumber primer dalam penelitian ini adalah guru dan siswa di SMP N 35 Semarang dan didukung oleh data-data dokumentasi. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, Pertama tantangan program pelaksanaan program adalah anggaran dana yang belum teralokasikan dan rendahnya kesadaran siswa dalam peduli lingkungan sehingga menjadikan tantangan tersendiri bagi sekolah tersebut. Kedua faktor pendukung program pelaksanaan adiwiyata ini adalah adanya Kerjasama yang baik antar sekolah ,guru ,siswa, maupun unit yang terkait dengan lingkungan sekolah, serta adanya lahan yang memungkingkan untuk menjadi ruang hjau. Diharapkan, temuan ini dapat dijadikan rekomendasi bagi para pengelola Pendidikan di lingkungan sekolah menengah untuk merumuskan kebijakan dalam menghadapai tantangan program adiwiyata.
Effect of Electronic Banking on Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Rwanda, A Case of COGEBANQUE Plc
Authors:   University of Lay Adventists of Kigali, NSHIMYIMANA Augustin , NKURUNZIZA Prosper
Published: January 2024

According to the BNR information technology was expected to minimize time, distance, and space and expense thus expanding access to affordable financial services. it was found that, electronic banking is allowing banks to change from the traditional channels associated with human assistance to digital channels that operate on self- service basis reducing operational cost and improving efficiency and financial performance. However, some of the previous researchers give contradicting information on e-baking and the financial performance of commercial banks creating a need for sufficient research to be done on this topic. The general objective of this research is to examine the effect of E-banking on financial performance of commercial banks in Rwanda. Specific objectives were to analyze the use of e-banking in COGEBANQUE PLC from 2018 to 2021; to determine the level of financial performance of COGEBANQUE PLC from 2018 to 2021 and o assess whether there is any relationship between e-banking and financial performance of COGEBANQUE PLC from 2018 to 2021; It should be noted that electronic banking plays a great role in financial performance of banks in Rwanda. Different electronic Banking System tools like ATM, ay direct, mobile phone banking, debit/visa card payment and E electronic check payment has a great impact on bank performance because they increase profitability, return on equity and loans, improves bank management quality, increase bank asset and promotes bank growth and expansion. For the case of COGEBAQUE PLC, Adjusted R squared is coefficient of determination which tells us the variation in the dependent variable due to changes in the independent variable, from the findings in the above table the value of adjusted R squared was 0.625, an indication that there was variation of 62.5% on the performance of COGEBANQUE PLC due to changes in Mobile Banking, internet banking, telephone banking, electronic card banking. This shows that 62.5% changes in performance of COGEBAQUE PLC. As conclusion E banking contributes to the performance of COGEBANQUE PLC in spite of few challenges like network failures inadequate skills and security issues possess a great threat to the confidentiality and integrity of banks information.
Avaliacao espirometrica de gestantes no segundo e terceiro trimestres gestacionai
Authors: Ayala Santos Alessandra
Published: January 2024

Background: Pregnancy is known for its physical and psychological repercussions and for triggering a series of processes in the female body, including the respiratory system. Aims: Evaluate, by spirometry, lung function of pregnant women in the second and third trimester pregnancy. Method: Observational quantitative, descriptive and transversal study, conducted with a group of pregnant women. To perform the Flow Spirometry, a portable digital spirometer Datospir Micro C - Sibelmed®. Results: It can be seen that the FVC, FEV parameter, FEF25-75 % and PEF values were significantly lower in relation to the expected (p <0.001) , as well as the FEV1 / FVC ratio , which was significantly less than the reference value ( p < 0.05 ). Conclusion: This study showed that during this period the lung volumes are reduced in comparison to the figures for nonpregnant women.
Ginastica hipopressiva isolada ou associada a Eletromiografia na funcao eretil de pos-prostatectomia
Authors: Bezerra Viana Andreia
Published: January 2024

Background: Prostate cancer is one of the most frequent malignant tumors in the world, whose surgery causes functional sequelae. Aims: The objective was to compare the effects of isolated and associated hypopressive gymnastics with electrostimulation (biofeedback) on erectile function after prostatectomy. Method: Pre- and postintervention clinical trial, performed an evaluation of erectile function, participants responded to the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), and guidelines regarding the performance of the study. The intervention took place twice a week, the service was carried out in two stages: hypopressive gymnastics for 40 minutes and then part of the group performed biofeedback for 20 minutes. Results: Data were analyzed using Excel 2016 software (mean score before and after intervention). Patients who performed only hypopressive gymnastics did not obtain positive results, those who performed it in association with biofeedback obtained a small improvement, but remained in the score considered severe in the IIFE. Conclusion: More studies on the subject are needed, with longer treatment time and more robust statistics.
Gestacao e puerperio em mulheres com Charcot Marie Tooth: revisao
Authors: Delgado Austregésilo Nicole
Published: January 2024

Background: Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) is a hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy that affects the individual in a distal, symmetrical and progressive. Pregnant women with CMT may present greater risks and complications, and the pregnancypuerperal cycle can also impact the clinical condition. Aims: Describe the puerperal pregnancy cycle with CMT, highlighting the main complications Methods: Electronic research by descriptors: Charcot Marie Tooth and Complications in Pregnancy. Portuguese, English, Spanish and Italian were included; no time restriction. Results: The rates of complications during pregnancy and delivery were mostly similar to the reference population, except for the rate of placenta previa, use of forceps and postpartum bleeding. Normal delivery was the route with the highest rates, but there is a change in the obstetric scenario. There were exacerbation of symptoms during pregnancy or postpartum, with some cases of recovery. Conclusion: CMT does not promote an increase in serious complications for the pregnant woman or for the offspring from pregnancy to postpartum, and pregnancy can negatively influence the progression of the disease.
Correlacao entre a autopercepcao da atividade dos musculos do assoalho pelvico e eletromiografia
Authors: Paula Zubreski Ana
Published: January 2024

Background: In the pelvis we find the pelvic floor muscles (PFM), and these are responsible for supporting the pelvic organs, sexual function and maintenance of continence. Lack of awareness of this musculature can lead to incorrect contraction and relaxation failure resulting in possible dysfunctions. Aims: To correlate female selfperception of PFM movements with electromyographic data. Method: cross-sectional study. During the lecture, the women answered whether they knew how to contract and relax their PFM, and whether or not they chose to participate in the physical assessment through electromyography. During the EMG it was necessary to contract and relax the pelvic floor. Results: Of all the participants, 66.7% said they knew how to relax and 50% said they knew how to relax, but the EMG showed that 75% did not obtain an effective contraction and 83.3% did not know how to relax properly. Conclusion: the lack of female self-perception of PFM activity is a fact, given that the participants believed they knew how to contract and relax, but the EMG showed the opposite.
Prevalencia e associacao entre as disfuncoes sexual e urinaria em mulheres jovens de Guarapuava PR
Authors: Lais Pereira Zviegicoski Mayer Kezia
Published: January 2024

Background: Issues such as urinary function, sexual function and female intimate health are still seen as forbidden in today's society, so when talking about the pelvic floor, many women do not know what it is, and the dysfunctions that occur in this structure. Urinary and sexual dysfunctions are prevalent, but studies in young populations are scarce. Aims: To survey the prevalence of sexual dysfunction (SD) and urinary incontinence (UI) in young women. Method: Investigative cross-sectional study through the Google Forms platform, using the questionnaires: FSFI and PRAFAB under descriptive statistics. Results: Participants were 54 women, mean age 24 years, average sexarch 16 years, 81 had UI (42.5% mild, 37% moderate and 1.8% severe) and 57% had SD. When combined, 46.2% of women had both disorders (20.3 mild UI and sexual dysfunction, 24% moderate UI and sexual dysfunction, and 1.8% severe UI and sexual dysfunction). Conclusion: There are associated urinary and sexual dysfunctions in young women.
Fisioterapia no trabalho de parto: revisao
Authors: Andriele da Silva Batista Fabiana
Published: January 2024

Background: Labor still requires improvement, and Pelvic Physiotherapy can be helpful. Aims: To describe the main physiotherapeutic interventions used in the monitoring of women during labor. Method: Integrative review in LILACS, SCIELO and PUBMED databases. Selected articles published in Portuguese and English, between the years 2011 and 2021, available in free texts, on physiotherapeutic intervention during labor. Results: In total, 61 articles were found and, after analysis, 24 articles were selected for full text reading. Subsequently, only 13 were included in the study. Conclusion: Physiotherapeutic monitoring during childbirth is able to increase pain tolerance, reduce the use of drugs, improve uterine dynamics, increase women's confidence and make the process more active and natural.
Contrasting L1 profiles through early orthographic and phonological processing of written English
Authors:   , Dicks Gary
Published: January 2024

Reading is fundamental to everyday life and can appear automatic and effortless, but this seemingly simple skill involves complex interactions between neural networks within ~200ms of seeing a word. While a wealth of work has investigated when and how orthography and phonology interact during visual word recognition (VWR), much is still unclear about such early native language (L1) processing and significantly more so when considering reading a second language (L2). To investigate this, monolingual English participants (native, alphabetic L1), late bilingual Spanish-English participants (non-native, alphabetic L1), and late bilingual Chinese-English participants (non-native, non-alphabetic L1) read English words, pseudohomophones, and pseudowords in orthographic and phonological lexical decision tasks and real English words in an orthogonal rhyme recognition task. Behavioural performance was evaluated alongside event-related potential (ERP) analysis of occipital, occipitotemporal, and frontal-central activity in the ~100ms post-stimulus timeframe (i.e., P1-O, P1-OT, and N100-FC components, respectively) as well as the ~170ms timeframe at occipitotemporal sites (N170-OT) following documented associations with early orthographic and/or phonological processing. Crucially, interpretations of analyses took the markedly different language profiles into account to examine how L1 might influence L2 processing. Patterns of behaviour and electrophysiology showed similarities but distinguished between groups based on language profiles. Analysis highlighted evidence for early orthography-phonology mapping at occipitotemporal sites, parallel orthographic/phonological processing at frontal-central sites at ~100ms, and a lack of VWR-related occipitotemporal N170 effects across groups. Findings, overall, suggest that language profiles underlie early orthographic and phonological processing and that the three groups have distinct neural strategies for VWR linked to orthographic and phonological aspects of their language profiles. Ultimately, the outcomes support the importance of L1 properties and L1-L2 relationships (i.e., language profiles) in bilingual VWR and the increased consideration of these factors in future development of monolingual and bilingual theories and models of VWR.
The role of eIF2Bα in the integrity of eIF2B bodies
Authors:   , Oliveira Madalena Isabel Ribeiro de
Published: January 2024

The eukaryotic initiation factor 2B (eIF2B) is a multisubunit protein composed of two sets of five subunits (α-ε) forming a heterodecamer. eIF2B is a guanine exchange factor (GEF) recycling inactive eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) to its active state, being an essential checkpoint for translational control. Following induction of stress, kinases phosphorylate eIF2α, activating the integrated stress response (ISR), subsequently inhibiting eIF2B activity. Mutations within the eIF2Bα-ε subunits can lead to vanishing white matter disease (VWMD) and eIF2Bα variants may cause permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM). VWMD and PNDM mutations, primarily affect glial cells and pancreatic β-cells, respectively, suggesting cell type-specific functions of eIF2B. eIF2B bodies are cytoplasmic bodies containing the eIF2B protein. In this study, we highlight bioinformatic tools to optimise the immunocytochemistry detection of eIF2Bα-ε foci. We investigated cell type-specific localisation of eIF2B subunits within neuronal and glial cell types, showing that oligodendrocytes and neuronal cells possess additional eIF2Bα foci, independent of other eIF2B subunits. Additionally, eIF2Bα has been found to be essential for eIF2B foci formation. We have further revealed that eIF2Bɑ spatially interacts with G3BP-containing stress granules (SGs), induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stress in a p-eIF2α-dependent manner. EIF2B1L100P/WT mutant cell line shows decreasedformation of SGs following p-eIF2α induction, while SG assembly independent of p-eIF2α was not impacted. Our study showed that in cells depleted of eIF2Bα, large eIF2Bβ-ε foci were not able to form. ISRIB, a molecule known to stabilise the decamer, was able to rescue large foci assembly, establishing a similar functional role to eIF2Bα regarding eIF2B foci formation. Additionally, the assembly of SGs and the localisation of eIF2Bα to these aggregates appeared to play an important role in eIF2B subcomplex formation during ISR activation and the sensing of stress through the p-eIF2α pathway.
¿Déficit de representación o pérdida de centralidad del Parlamento?
Authors: García-Escudero Márquez Piedad
Published: January 2024

Este trabajo retoma una reflexión del cambio de siglo en que la autora expresaba sus temores sobre la evolución del Parlamento. Ya entonces se ponía de relieve los nuevos retos que cambiaban radicalmente la vieja función estática de constituir uno de los tres grandes poderes. La temida crisis ante tantas novedades políticas ha superado todas las previsiones. La denostada partitocracia (que en el Parlamento no es sino grupocracia) ha contribuido al divorcio entre la sociedad y la institución representativa, afectando, en definitiva, al carácter representativo de nuestra democracia, sin que ninguna de las propuestas de complementación surta efecto. Pero también parece desplazada (o ignorada) la centralidad del Parlamento: el repaso de las funciones tradicionales de las Cámaras, vistas desde la actuación del ejecutivo de coalición, no son sino una enumeración de constantes desdenes (o al menos menosprecios) a la institución parlamentaria en pro de una política gubernamental que halla atajos bien diversos. La conclusión es la pérdida de centralidad que, en definitiva, es pérdida del equilibrio que ha de presidir el parlamentarismo. Una mirada a la experiencia autonómica no permite modificar la conclusión, aunque sí ofrece algún “activismo” en el intento de introducir reformas.
El difícil encaje del islam en la jurisprudencia del TEDH
Authors: Catalá i Bas Alexandre H.
Published: January 2024

En Europa conviven diferentes credos, sin embargo, hay una diferencia esencial entre ellos. Mientras que el cristiano es visto como algo propio de la cultura europea, el musulmán es percibido como algo extraño, que ha venido “de fuera”. Sin embargo, millones de europeos profesan esta religión, pero sus costumbres o prácticas son vistas con recelo por una mayoría de la población. El presente trabajo pretende analizar si dicho recelo está presente en la jurisprudencia del TEDH. La jurisprudencia del TEDH es vacilante y provoca paradojas. Analizada desde una perspectiva de género es mucho más desfavorable para las mujeres musulmanas que para los hombres musulmanes.
"El simio egoísta". Reflexiones para glosar el concepto de especie en relación con la solidaridad intergeneracional
Authors: Gerotto Sergio
Published: January 2024

Es un hecho que el tema de la responsabilidad hacia las generaciones futuras es menos debatido en el campo de las ciencias jurídicas que en otras disciplinas. La urgencia percibida es la misma, pero en la ley hay un obstáculo aparentemente insalvable: la alteridad entre las generaciones presentes y futuras impediría atribuir a las primeras deberes que reflejen los derechos de las segundas. Ninguna teoría jurídica es posible, se ha dicho, para resolver el problema de las generaciones futuras, porque toda teoría jurídica implica la concesión de derechos a las personas. De ahí el dilema. ¿Cómo es posible imputar derechos a personas que aún no han nacido? En consecuencia, si esto no es posible, tampoco lo es imponer los deberes correspondientes a las presentes generaciones. Pero, ¿es posible pensar diferente? Si, por ejemplo, se atribuyera al derecho el fin último de garantizar la supervivencia de la especie humana, perdería sentido distinguir entre las generaciones presentes y futuras. Es solo una sugerencia, pero vale la pena reflexionar, también porque hay ejemplos de soluciones concretas, a nivel jurisprudencial, que van en esa dirección.
Eutanasia y Constitución. O las aporías de la autodeterminación. Notas críticas sobre la STC 19/2023 acerca de la LORE
Authors: Martínez Sospedra Manuel
Published: January 2024

La STC 19/2023, que resuelve recursos de inconstitucionalidad presentados contra la LO/2021, de eutanasia, se ve fuertemente condicionada por la decisión del legislador de optar por un modelo en el que, previa la determinación de un presupuesto habilitante configurado mediante conceptos jurídicos indeterminados de base médica, se trata de configurar un derecho de prestación, de la que se encarga en exclusiva el SNS, consistente en dar muerte al sufriente solicitante, de tal modo que, mediante un procedimiento administrativo que concluye en una resolución, el Estado da muerte a aquel. La resolución, que trata de fundamentar la constitucionalidad de la ley no es consistente, toda vez que ni puede basarse en la doctrina del TEDH que se cita, ni es posible definir el sistema establecido por la ley en términos de derecho público subjetivo, ni resulta convincente la tesis de fundamentar una prestación cuyo contenido es privar de existencia al solicitante en el derecho a integridad física y moral. No obstante, la sentencia aclara algunos extremos poco claros de una regulación legal de calidad escasa, establece un conjunto de supuestos de interpretación conforme que, sorprendentemente, no se llevan al fallo, y aclara el régimen jurídico de la objeción de conciencia operando una interpretación favor libertatis de la misma.
El conflictivo control jurisdiccional del indulto: el juicio del procés
Authors: Mohedano Tejedor Javier
Published: January 2024

El indulto es una de las instituciones más polémicas del ordenamiento jurídico español. Constituida como facultad discrecional del Ejecutivo, permite dejar sin efecto una condena ajustada a Derecho sin necesidad de motivación alguna, por entenderlo beneficioso para el interés nacional. La Ley del Indulto establece unos requisitos formales que el Gobierno ha de respetar y que han sido empleados por el Tribunal Supremo como resquicio para ejercitar una cada vez más estricta fiscalización a raíz de recursos diferentes. Progresivamente, se ha pasado de negar el control jurisdiccional a impedir su concesión en revisión de elementos materiales. A esta disputa se suma la oscura problemática del interés legítimo, fundamental a la hora de decidir si al recurrente le ampara la ley en sus pretensiones. Estas vicisitudes se examinan tomando como paradigma el denominado procés, ejemplo inmejorable para analizar la institución.
María Dolores Montero Caro: Democracia en transición: una agenda para su regeneración
Authors: Buchardó Parra Anna
Published: January 2024

Recensión del libro María Dolores Montero Caro: Democracia en transición: una agenda para su regeneración, Madrid, Dykinson, 2023.
Concepción Campos Acuña (dir.): Aplicación práctica y adaptación de la protección de datos en el ámbito local
Authors: Clemente Martínez Jaime
Published: January 2024

Recensión del libro de Concepción Campos Acuña (dir.): Aplicación práctica y adaptación de la protección de datos en el ámbito local, Madrid, Wolters Kluwer, 2019.
Adrián García Ortiz: Orden público y Unión Europea. Una contribución a la construcción constitucional europea
Authors: Martínez Dalmau Rubén
Published: January 2024

Recensión del libro de Adrián García Ortiz: Orden público y Unión Europea. Una contribución a la construcción constitucional europea, Valencia, Tirant lo Blanch, 2022.
Jorge García Contell: Democracia cronometrada
Authors: Sánchez Ferriz Remedio
Published: January 2024

Recensión del libro de Jorge García Contell: Democracia cronometrada, Tarragona, Ediciones Fides, 2019.
Remedio Sánchez Ferriz: Estudios sobre las libertades públicas en el ordenamiento constitucional español (La voz de la sociedad civil)
Authors: Torres Méndez Pablo
Published: January 2024

Recensión del libro de Remedio Sánchez Ferriz: Estudios sobre las libertades públicas en el ordenamiento constitucional español (La voz de la sociedad civil), Valencia, Tirant lo Blanch, 2023.
Javier Tajadura Tejada (dir.): La jefatura del Estado parlamentario en el siglo XXI
Authors: Vivancos Comes Mariano
Published: January 2024

Recensión del libro de Javier Tajadura Tejada (dir.): La jefatura del Estado parlamentario en el siglo XXI, Sevilla, Athenaica Ediciones.
Lietuvos universiteto dėstytojas, farmacininkas Benediktas Šiaulis (1887–1957) – Rokfelerio fondo stipendininkas
Authors: Gudienė Vilma
Published: January 2024

Benediktas Šiaulis farmaciją studijavo Maskvoje ir apie 18 metų, nuo 1900 iki 1921 m., (su kelių metų pertrauka) mokėsi ir dirbo Rusijoje. Paskelbus Lietuvos nepriklausomybę, grįžo į Tėvynę. 1922 m. Kaune buvo įsteigtas Lietuvos universitetas (1930 m. pavadintas Vytauto Didžiojo universitetu), ir B. Šiaulis tapo šio universiteto Farmacijos ir farmakognozijos katedros asistentu. Universitetui trūko dėstytojų, patalpų, įrangos ir, žinoma, lėšų. Auginti dėstytojų kompetencijas padėjo Rokfelerio fondas (įkurtas JAV). Rokfelerio fondas skyrė stipendijas perspektyviems Europos medikams stažuotis užsienyje. Lie tuvoje pirmaisiais Rokfelerio fondo stipendininkais tapo farmacininkas Benediktas Šiaulis ir chirurgas Vladas Kuzma. V. Kuzma studijavo Europoje, B. Šiaulis – JAV (1925–1926). Šešis mėnesius B. Šiaulis studijavo Bostone, Harvardo universitete, ir pusantrų metų – Klivlande, „Western Reserve“ universitete. Klivlande B. Šiaulio studijų vadovas buvo garsus farmakologijos profesorius Torald Sollmann (1874–1965). Profesorius vertino B. Šiaulio gabumus, darbštumą, vadino jį „mechanikos genijumi“ ir rekomendavo Rokfelerio fondui pratęsti ir finansuoti stažuotę dar vienerius metus. B. Šiaulis kartu su T. Sollmann paskelbė tris straipsnius Amerikos ir Prancūzijos mokslo žurnaluose. Po stažuotės B. Šiaulis grįžo į Lietuvą. 1936 m. apgynė daktaro disertaciją ir buvo pirmasis bei vienintelis farmacijos mokslų daktaras tarpukario Lietuvoje. Jis įgijo tarptautinio mokslinio bendradarbiavimo patirties ir sugebėjo perteikti savo patirtį kolegoms bei studentams. 1941 m. B. Šiaulis tapo profesoriumi. Nuo 1948 m. dirbo Farmacijos fakulteto dekanu, 1951–1956 m., universitetą reorganizavus į du institutus, ėjo Kauno medicinos instituto Farmacijos ir stomatologijos katedros dekano pareigas.
Nikolajaus Rericho draugijos veikla Kaune 1935–1940 m.
Authors: Dirsė Greta
Published: January 2024

Nikolajus Rerichas – etnografas, orientalistikos ekspertas, slavistas, teosofas, savo veikla pasižymėjęs ne tik Rusijoje, bet ir visame pasaulyje. N. Rerichas aktyviai dalyvavo masonų veikloje, tapo žinomas mokslininkų, menininkų teosofų gretose. 1921 m. N. Rerichas su šeima apsistojo Niujorke, čia įsteigė Jungtinį menų institutą bei Tarptautinį dailės centrą ir savo vardo muziejų, prie kurio veikė Pasaulinės kultūros lyga. Jos dėka visame pasaulyje sparčiai kūrėsi Rericho vardo draugijos, viena jų pradėjo veiklą ir Lietuvoje. Ji tapo viena iš svarbiausių jungiamųjų dalių plintant rytietiškoms kultūroms Lietuvoje 1918– 1939 m., tiksliau – Kaune. Šiame tyrime identifikuojamos asmenybės, kurios dalyvavo Nikolajaus Konstantinovičiaus Rericho draugijos veikloje ir skleidusios rytietiškas kultūras Lietuvoje. Tyrime pateiktos išvados nurodo, jog prie rytietiškų kultūrų sklaidos Lietuvoje prisidėjo Rericho draugijos nariai, kurių siekis – skleisti rytietiškas kultūras buvo teigiamas, švietėjiško pobūdžio. Draugijos steigėjai rytietiškomis religijomis, idėjomis, kultūrų pažinimu siekdavo sudominti savo mokinius, visuomenę, formuodami pamatus rytietiškų kultūrų studijoms ir tyrinėjimams Lietuvoje. Identifikuoti Nikolajaus Konstantinovičiaus Rericho draugijos nariai žinias apie rytietiškas kultūras skleidė keliais būdais: leido filosofinį žurnalą „Naujoji sąmonė“, perteikė rytietiškus motyvus ir mintis savo darbuose, siekė ratifikuoti Rericho paktą, taip pritraukdami ne vieną to meto žymią asmenybę. Dėl trumpos organizacijos egzistencijos, lėšų trūkumo, kitų straipsnyje nagrinėtų veiksnių tik iš dalies sėkmingai įgyvendino užsibrėžtus tikslus.
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in Sertoli cells regulates age-dependent changes in sperm DNA methylation
Authors: Amir Saira , Arowolo Olatunbosun , Mironova Ekaterina , McGaunn Joseph , Oluwayiose Oladele , Sergeyev Oleg , Pilsner J Richard , Suvorov Alexander
Published: January 2024

Over the past several decades, a trend toward delayed childbirth has led to increases in parental age at the time of conception. Sperm epigenome undergoes age-dependent changes increasing risks of adverse conditions in offspring conceived by fathers of advanced age. The mechanism(s) linking paternal age with epigenetic changes in sperm remain unknown. The sperm epigenome is shaped in a compartment protected by the blood-testes barrier (BTB) known to deteriorate with age. Permeability of the BTB is regulated by the balance of two mTOR complexes in Sertoli cells where mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) promotes the opening of the BTB and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) promotes its integrity. We hypothesized that this balance is also responsible for age-dependent changes in the sperm epigenome. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed reproductive outcomes, including sperm DNA methylation in transgenic mice with Sertoli cell-specific suppression of mTORC1 (Rptor KO) or mTORC2 (Rictor KO). mTORC2 suppression accelerated aging of the sperm DNA methylome and resulted in a reproductive phenotype concordant with older age, including decreased testes weight and sperm counts, and increased percent of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa and mitochondrial DNA copy number. Suppression of mTORC1 resulted in the shift of DNA methylome in sperm opposite to the shift associated with physiological aging – sperm DNA methylome rejuvenation and mild changes in sperm parameters. These results demonstrate for the first time that the balance of mTOR complexes in Sertoli cells regulates the rate of sperm epigenetic aging. Thus, mTOR pathway in Sertoli cells may be used as a novel target of therapeutic interventions to rejuvenate the sperm epigenome in advanced-age fathers.
Effect of acidity/alkalinity of deep eutectic solvents on the extraction profiles of phenolics and biomolecules in defatted rice bran extract
Authors: Sombutsuwan Piraporn , Durand Erwann , Aryusuk Kornkanok
Published: January 2024

This study investigated the influence of deep eutectic solvent (DES) acidity/alkalinity on the extraction profiles of phenolics and other biomolecules (phytic acid, reducing sugar, and protein) in defatted rice bran (DFRB). The DES with varying pH levels were prepared using different hydrogen bond acceptors (choline chloride (ChCl) and potassium carbonate (K2CO3)) and hydrogen bond donors (lactic acid, urea, and glycerol). The results reveal that the acidic DES (ChCl-lactic acid; pH 0.42) demonstrated superior extraction efficiency for total phenolic acids (4.33 mg/g), phytic acid (50.30 mg/g), and reducing sugar (57.05 mg/g) while having the lowest protein content (5.96 mg/g). The alkaline DES (K2CO3-glycerol; pH 11.21) showed the highest levels of total phenolic acid (5.49 mg/g) and protein content (12.81 mg/g), with lower quantities of phytic acid (1.04 mg/g) and reducing sugar (2.28 mg/g). The weakly acidic DES (ChCl-glycerol; pH 4.72) exhibited predominantly total phenolics (3.46 mg/g) with lower content of protein (6.22 mg/g), reducing sugar (1.68 mg/g) and phytic acid (0.20 mg/g). The weakly alkaline DES (ChCl-urea; pH 8.41) resulted in lower extraction yields for total phenolics (2.81 mg/g), protein (7.45 mg/g), phytic acid (0.10 mg/g), and reducing sugar (7.36 mg/g). The study also explored the distribution of phenolics among various DESs, with the alkaline DES (K2CO3-glycerol) containing the highest concentration of free phenolics. Notably, ChCl-based DESs predominantly contained soluble esterified bound phenolics and soluble glycosylated bound phenolics. Furthermore, a significant correlation between antioxidant activities and phenolic contents was observed. In conclusion, this study has revealed that the acidity and alkalinity of a DES significantly impact the extraction of phenolics and other value-added biomolecules in DFRB. These findings highlight the potential for manipulating the properties of DESs through pH variation, making them versatile solvents for extracting and isolating valuable compounds from agricultural by-products like DFRB and offering opportunities for sustainable utilization and value addition in various industries.
Random forests with parametric entropy-based information gains for classification and regression problems
Authors: Ignatenko Vera , Surkov Anton , Koltcov Sergei
Published: January 2024

The random forest algorithm is one of the most popular and commonly used algorithms for classification and regression tasks. It combines the output of multiple decision trees to form a single result. Random forest algorithms demonstrate the highest accuracy on tabular data compared to other algorithms in various applications. However, random forests and, more precisely, decision trees, are usually built with the application of classic Shannon entropy. In this article, we consider the potential of deformed entropies, which are successfully used in the field of complex systems, to increase the prediction accuracy of random forest algorithms. We develop and introduce the information gains based on Renyi, Tsallis, and Sharma-Mittal entropies for classification and regression random forests. We test the proposed algorithm modifications on six benchmark datasets: three for classification and three for regression problems. For classification problems, the application of Renyi entropy allows us to improve the random forest prediction accuracy by 19–96% in dependence on the dataset, Tsallis entropy improves the accuracy by 20–98%, and Sharma-Mittal entropy improves accuracy by 22–111% compared to the classical algorithm. For regression problems, the application of deformed entropies improves the prediction by 2–23% in terms of R2 in dependence on the dataset.
Evaluating the relationship between Clinical G6PD enzyme activity and gene variants
Authors: Zhou Xinyi , Qiang Zheng , Zhang Sufen , Zhou Yuqiu , Xiao Qizhi , Tan Gongjun
Published: January 2024

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a the first and rate-limiting enzyme that plays a critical role in G6PD deficiency, the most common enzyme disorder worldwide, is related to intravascular hemolysis. To determine the clinical enzyme activity level in different G6PD variants, we evaluated 15 variant from 424 clinical blood samples by using multicolor melting curve analysis and DNA sequencing. The results showed that the enzyme activities of the hemizygous deficient were 1.5–2.4 U/gHb, which was significantly lower than those of the heterozygous (P < 0.001) and the compound heterozygous variants (P < 0.05). Since the hemizygous of c.1024C > T (Chinese-5) mutation affects the kinetic parameters of G6PD and increase utilization of analogues, its enzyme activity is more than those of other mutations that mutated in the β+α region of G6PD. The heterozygous enzyme levels ranged from 6.5–20.1 U/gHb; and there was no significant difference among different heterozygous variants (P > 0.05). The enzyme activity levels of the compound heterozygous mutation were mainly in the range of 1.7–3.8 U/gHb, which was much lower than that of the heterozygous mutation (P < 0.001). In summary, our findings revealed that the enzyme activity of G6PD in blood have a significant relationship with genotype of G6PD.
Impact of Argemone mexicana L. on tomato plants infected with Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Hernández-Soto Iridiam , González-García Yolanda , Juárez-Maldonado Antonio , Hernández-Fuentes Alma Delia
Published: January 2024

Background

Fungal diseases can cause significant losses in the tomato crop. Phytophthora infestans causes the late blight disease, which considerably affects tomato production worldwide. Weed-based plant extracts are a promising ecological alternative for disease control.

Methods

In this study, we analyzed the plant extract of Argemone mexicana L. using chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS). We evaluated its impact on the severity of P. infestans, as well as its effect on the components of the antioxidant defense system in tomato plants.

Results

The extract from A. mexicana contains twelve compounds most have antifungal and biostimulant properties. The findings of the study indicate that applying the A. mexicana extract can reduce the severity of P. infestans, increase tomato fruit yield, enhance the levels of photosynthetic pigments, ascorbic acid, phenols, and flavonoids, as well as decrease the biosynthesis of H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide anion in the leaves of plants infected with this pathogen. These results suggest that using the extract from A. mexicana could be a viable solution to control the disease caused by P. infestans in tomato crop.
Research on Contemporary Middle School Music Teaching Models: A Review
Authors: Chen Yu
Published: January 2024

This article explores the evolution and innovation of contemporary middle school music education models. Research shows that while traditional music education methods often ignore opportunities for student participation and creative expression, contemporary music education models focus more on creating student-centered learning environments that meet their needs. In this new model, the identity of the teacher has gradually evolved from a traditional teacher of knowledge to a facilitator of learning. In addition, the integration of multicultural perspectives into music education has become an integral part of contemporary teaching, providing students with a more inclusive and globally aware learning atmosphere. Although the contemporary music education model faces challenges brought about by technological advances and the diverse needs of students, it also brings more opportunities for innovation and growth in music education. The key to the successful implementation of these contemporary music education models lies in the professional development and training of educators. Looking to the future, music education will continue to improve its teaching model and promote technological innovation and sustainable development of teaching practices.
Studies on Variability, Heritability, and Genetic Advance in Paddy (Oryza sativa L.) with Special Reference to Satna, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Asha  , Singh Bineeta
Published: January 2024

Fourteen diverse cultivars of paddy grown in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) at AKS University, Satna, during Kharif season on July 2022. Data were collected foreleven quantitative traits and estimated forvariance,genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance.The design of the experiment indicated highly significant differences for all the characters due to treatments. The analysis of variance indicated the existence of sufficient amount of variability among genotypes for all the studiedcharacters. The maximum GCV along with PCV was observed forgrain yield per plant (g) followed by panicle length (cm), number of spikelets per panicle, harvest index (%), kernel length (mm), number of panicles per plant. Higher estimates (h2b) >80% were observed for Number of spikelets per panicle, days to development, plant level (cm), number of panicles per plant, test weight (g), grain yield per plant (g), panicle length (cm). High heritability combined with high hereditary development for the person number of panicles per plant, number of spikelets per panicle, panicle length (cm), test weight (g) and grain yield per plant (g) indicating that these characters could be prominently governed by additive gene action.
How to Navigate the Pitfalls of AI Hype in Health Care
Authors: Suran Melissa , Hswen Yulin
Published: January 2024

In this Medical News article, Arvind Narayanan, PhD, a professor of computer science at Princeton University, discusses the benefits of using artificial intelligence in research and clinical settings while remaining cautious of hype, biases, and data privacy issues.
Cardiac Perforation After Pacemaker Placement in a Male Patient in His 80s
Authors: Guglielmo Nicola , Orso Daniele
Published: January 2024

This case report describes a diagnosis of cardiac perforation secondary to pacemaker placement in a male patient in his 80s who presented with pulsing chest pain.
Papular Mucinosis
Authors: Ahmadi Alia , Margheim Ashlee , Schadt Courtney R.
Published: January 2024

This case report describes erythematous patches on the face that involved the nasolabial folds, as well as numerous skin-colored homogenous waxy papules on the arms, neck, and trunk.
Practical Guide to Survey Research in Surgical Education
Authors: Alseidi Adnan A. , Haukoos Jason S. , de Virgilio Christian
Published: January 2024

This Guide to Statistics and Methods describes aspects of methods of survey research in surgical education, important considerations, and pitfalls and limitations.
Practical Guide to Pragmatic Clinical Trials in Surgical Education Research
Authors: Bilimoria Karl Y. , Haukoos Jason S. , Doherty Gerard M.
Published: January 2024

This Guide to Statistics and Methods provides an overview of the key features of pragmatic trials within the context of surgical education research using examples from the Flexibility in Duty-Hour Requirements for Surgical Trainees trial.
Practical Guide to Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Research in Surgical Education
Authors: Phitayakorn Roy , Schwartz Todd A. , Doherty Gerard M.
Published: January 2024

This Guide to Statistics and Methods describes the methods and pitfalls of experimental and quasi-experimental study designs in surgical education.
Practical Guide to Assessment Tool Development for Surgical Education Research
Authors: Shabahang Mohsen M. , Schwartz Todd A. , Feldman Liane S.
Published: January 2024

This Guide to Statistics and Methods describes the process of validation and gathering validity evidence for assessment tool development for surgical education research.
Intraoperative Surgical Margin Assessment by NIR‐II Imaging with Urine Excretable Nd‐Based Nanoprobe in Breast Cancers
Authors: Dang Yongying , Bai Jingwen , Lou Kangliang , Yang Ruiqin , Gao Yiyang , Tian Haina , Li Jiaqi , Lin Linling , Lv Ruichan , Wang Peiyuan , Zhang Guojun
Published: January 2024

Lanthanide neodymium (Nd)‐based nanocrystals exhibit exceptional near‐infrared II (NIR‐II) fluorescence imaging properties, like narrow and multi‐peak emissions, long luminescence lifetime, and good photostability. However, long‐term accumulation in the reticuloendothelial system restrains their clinical applications due to toxicity in vivo. Here, a biodegradable hollow virus‐like neodymium oxide (Nd2O3) Nd‐nanoprobe is presented that is modified with cyclic arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid (cRGD) pentapeptide, showing remarkable cancer‐targeting ability and NIR‐II fluorescence imaging features. The nanoprobe is biodegraded to 4–6 nm Nd2O3 nanogranules in vivo, and the pharmacokinetics of the nanoprobe demonstrated its rapid urine excretion and negligible systematic toxicity. Moreover, this nanoprobe can accurately identify malignant lesions from normal tissues in xenograft and transgenic mice models and precisely navigate breast cancer surgery under NIR‐II imaging guidance. Taken together, this Nd2O3‐based nanoprobe enables real‐time, dynamic delineation and accurate resection of cancers guided by NIR‐II fluorescence imaging with great potential for future clinical translation during breast‐conservative surgery.
Graphene‐Assisting Nonvolatile Vanadium Dioxide Phase Transition for Neuromorphic Machine Vision
Authors: Yu Xuan , Cheng Chuantong , Liang Jiran , Wang Ming , Huang Beiju , Wang Zidong , Li Liujie
Published: January 2024

As a photoinduced and electro‐induced phase change material, VO2 undergoes a transition from an insulating phase to a metallic phase under photoelectric stimulation, accompanied by strong lattice distortion and band changes. This characteristic of simultaneously responding to optical and electrical signals provides a basis for simulating biological vision systems, but the volatility of phase transition challenges the Long‐term memory of neural networks. Here, a phase transition‐regulated artificial photoelectric synapse based on VO2/graphene heterostructure is proposed. Graphene serves as an electron exchange center, amplifying weak signals generated by VO2 phase transitions and achieving nonvolatile properties. Using the energy band change of VO2 before and after the photoinduced phase transition and the electron exchange with graphene, synaptic devices can be regulated by optical signals. The modulation of gate voltage on the Fermi level of graphene leads to the phase transition of VO2, thereby achieving the regulation of synapses by electrical signals. Extract the electrical conductivity difference between two equivalent synapses as synaptic weight values to train a three‐layer neural network. The trained neural network achieves high recognition accuracy and noise resistance for handwritten digits, which is of great significance for the application of artificial optoelectronic synapses in neural morphology calculation.
Additive‐guided Solvation‐regulated Flame‐retardant Electrolyte Enables High‐voltage Lithium Metal Batteries with Robust Electrode Electrolyte Interphases
Authors: Liu Jiandong , Li Xin , Huang Junda , Yang Gaojing , Ma Jianmin
Published: January 2024

Widening the voltage window of the nickel‐rich layered oxide cathode‐based lithium metal batteries (LMBs) can effectively improve the energy density of rechargeable batteries. However, serious safety issues associated with the high reactivity between LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) and electrolyte at high cut‐off voltage remains challenging. Herein, a flame‐retardant electrolyte with the ability to form a robust armor‐like electrode electrolyte interphase (EEI) with LiF and LixByOz compounds for stabilizing Li||NCM811 batteries is proposed. Such electrolyte exhibits the high thermal stability with flame‐retardant effect for ensuring the battery safety at high voltage. The armor‐like EEI can effectively protect both NCM811 and lithium (Li) for improving the battery cycling performance. As a result, the capacity retention rate of the NCM811 cathode with such electrolyte reached 68% after 150 cycles at 4.6 V. This work provides an effective reference for the reasonable design of high‐voltage, flame‐retardant electrolytes for LMBs.