bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation and identification of oral Candida species in potentially malignant disorder and oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Arya Chandra Prakash , Jaiswal Rohit , Tandon Aanchal , Jain Amol
Published: December 2021

Context:

Oral cancer is one of the ten most common cancers in the world. More than 95% of the carcinomas of the oral cavity are of squamous cell type in nature. Oral Candida is a “yeast-like opportunistic pathogen.” The Candida genus is comprised of over 150 species of asporogenous “yeast-like” fungi.

Aim and Objectives:

The aim of study is to correlate the association of oral fungal infection in progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and potentially malignant disorders. The current study was undertaken to probe the isolation and identification of oral Candida species in potentially malignant disorder and OSCC versus normal oral mucosa.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty patients for each abovementioned three lesions were randomly selected by using swabs. These swabs were subsequently inoculated in agar medium. Candida grows as white, convex colonies. Samples growing 1–3 colony-forming units (CFUs) were considered normal flora of the oral cavity. The specimens showing moderate to heavy growth were subjected to tests for identification of species of Candida. The chromogenic medium, HiMedia CHROMagar, has chromogenic substances which helps in the quick detection of Candida species, based on the reactions between the extract enzymes of the dissimilar species and the chromogenic substances.

Statistical Analysis:

Chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance test, and post hoc Tukey's test were utilized.

Results:

According to our study, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis, and Candida parapsilosis in the culture were found to be in increasing incidence from healthy, OSCC, and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). These results clearly indicated that Candida species are increasing in the CFUs (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

Our study showed a higher intensity of Candida in OPMD and squamous cell carcinoma patients with results. The increasing CFU level and hyphae of Candida species in individual biopsy tissue with oral potentially malignant lesions to OSCC suggest that this pathogen plays a role in disease development and could aid in identifying the pathogenic commensal.
Epidemiological, Clinical Profile, and Treatment Outcome of Stage IV Nonsquamous Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Patients Presenting to Tertiary Care Hospital in North India
Authors: Koyyala Venkata Pradeep Babu , Sharma Manish , Goyal Pankaj , Goel Varun , Bommera Sravya , Agrawal Mohit , Domadia Kshitiz , Choudhary Krushna , Bothra Sneha , Jajodia Ankush , Amrith B. P. , Joga Srujana , Pasricha Sunil , Batra Ullas
Published: December 2021

Background:

Better planning of limited resources in oncology is possible with more real-world data of lung cancer, one of the most common causes of cancer related mortality in India and Globe.

Aim:

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical profile and treatment outcomes in patients with Stage IV adenocarcinoma of lung at our center.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred and eighty-two patients with Stage IV adenocarcinoma of lung were prospectively screened and analyzed, of which 107 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the final analysis. Patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and echinodermal microtubule-associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4-ALK) genomic alterations were treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and others were treated as per standard chemotherapy regimens. Response rates (RRs), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were measured.

Results:

Median age of patients was 55.6 years (range, 26–82) with a male-to-female ratio of 1.23:1. Analyses for EGFR and EML4-ALK alterations were possible for 104 (96.3%) patients and were detected in 31.7% and 8.7% patients, respectively. The overall RR for the entire cohort was 51.4%, while median PFS and median OS were 6.9 and 13.7 months, respectively. Median PFS for the EGFR-mutated and ALK-rearranged group was 9.6 and 10.2 months, respectively, which was higher than non-EGFR non-ALK patients. Median OS for the whole cohort was 13.7 months, while median OS was not reached for EGFR and ALK altered groups.

Conclusions:

As patients with driver mutations like EGFR and ALK have better prognosis than those who do not, every patient diagnosed with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer should be offered mutational analysis.
Filling and validating rainfall data based on statistical techniques and artificial intelligence
Authors: Ruezzene Camila Bermond , Miranda Renato Billia de , Bolleli Talyson de Melo , Mauad Frederico Fábio
Published: December 2021

The study of the hydric regime of rainfall helps in management analysis and decision-making in hydrographic basins, but a fundamental condition is the need for continuous time series of data. Therefore, this study compared gap filling methods in precipitation data and validated them using robust statistical techniques. Precipitation data from the municipality of Itirapina, which has four monitoring stations, were used. Four gap filling techniques were used, namely: normal ratio method, inverse distance weighting, multiple regression and artificial neural networks, in the period from 1979 to 1989. For validation and performance evaluation, the coefficient of determination (R²), mean absolute error (MAE), mean squared error (RMSE), Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (Nash), agreement index (D), confidence index were used (C) and through non-parametric techniques with Mann-Witney and Kruskal-Wallis test. Excellent performances of real data were verified in comparison with estimated data, with values above 0.8 of the coefficient of determination (R²) and of Nash. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were not significant in Stations C1 and C2, demonstrating that there is a difference between real and estimated data and between the proposed methods. It was concluded that the multiple regression and neural network methods showed the best performance. From this study, efficient tools were found to fill the gap, thus promoting better management and operation of water resources.

Keywords: artificial neural networks, inverse distance weighting, multiple regression, normal ratio method.
A Nonlinear Model Predictive Control Design for Autonomous Multivehicle Merging into Platoons
Authors: Goli Muhammad , Eskandarian Azim
Published: December 2021

Integrated control for automated vehicles in platoons with nonlinear coupled dynamics is developed in this article. A nonlinear MPC approach is used to address the multi-input multi-output (MIMO) nature of the problem, the nonlinear vehicle dynamics, and the platoon constraints. The control actions are determined by using model-based prediction in conjunction with constrained optimization. Two distinct scenarios are then simulated. The first scenario consists of the multivehicle merging into an existing platoon in a controlled environment in the absence of noise, whereas the effects of external disturbances, modeling errors, and measurement noise are simulated in the second scenario. An extended Kalman filter (EKF) is utilized to estimate the system states under the sensor and process noise effectively. The simulation results show that the proposed approach is a suitable tool to handle the nonlinearities in the vehicle dynamics, the complication of the multivehicle merging scenario, and the presence of modeling uncertainties and measurement noise.
Evidence of Specialty-Specific Gender Disparities in Resident Recruitment and Selection
Authors: Bowe Sarah N. , Wang Xing , Whipple Mark E. , Bly Randall A.
Published: December 2021

Background

Specialty-specific gender disparities are multifactorial, yet one area that is lacking from this discussion is the impact of recruitment and selection.

Objective

Customized data reports were utilized to compare trends in the gender representation of applicants and residents within 11 surgical and medical specialties between 2013 and 2018.

Methods

Applicant data was obtained from the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) and resident data from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). Eleven specialties with the highest number of applications per applicant were included (dermatology, emergency medicine, general surgery, neurological surgery, obstetrics and gynecology [OB/GYN], orthopedic surgery, otolaryngology, plastic surgery, radiation oncology, radiology, urology). A Cochran–Armitage trend test assessed for changes in the proportion of females within the total applicant group and the corresponding matched resident group. A t test was utilized to compare the mean proportion of females for ERAS and ACGME data.

Results

Otolaryngology, plastic surgery, radiation oncology, and urology had no significant changes over the study period. Dermatology, general surgery, and orthopedic surgery demonstrated increased gender diversity in applicants over time, while OB/GYN demonstrated decreased gender diversity. General surgery and neurological surgery showed increased gender diversity in resident representation over time. Emergency medicine and radiology had increased gender diversity, and OB/GYN had decreased gender diversity in matched residents compared to applicants.

Conclusions

Our findings provide baseline data, but also illustrate evident gaps in our understanding and attempts to improve gender diversity. A multifaceted approach to obtaining and assessing data from all stages of residency recruitment and selection is necessary to support these efforts.
Ntu’ologico-Agnostic Reflections on the Fourth Industrial Revolution Premise
Authors: Kasozi Ferdinand Mutaawe
Published: December 2021

This paper proposes an ntu’ologically analytical questioning of the contentious Fourth Industrial Revolution phenomenon, as it suggests that an industrial revolution ought to be appreciated in causation or causality terms. The cause of an industrial revolution is required to comprise ‘adequacy quality causing interactions’ among entities of specific ntu categories. These interactions bring into being nine basic ntu’ological adequacy qualities or industrial revolution criteria. For that reason, nine selected modes of interaction, called in this paper, ntu’ological interactions forms, guide the analytical questioning of the possible existence of a Fourth Industrial Revolution. The aforementioned nine criteria are incontestable in respect of the First, Second and Third Industrial Revolutions. This paper, however, takes the agnostic position that: the Fourth Industrial Revolution may exist, but we cannot prove this with theoretical reason.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Inclusiveness, Affordability, Cultural Identity, and Ethical Orientation
Authors: Oduor Reginald M.J.
Published: December 2021

Discussions on the impact and future directions of technology often proceed from an empirical point of view that seems to presume that the ebb and flow of technological developments is beyond the control of humankind, so that all that humanity can do is adjust to it. However, such an approach easily neglects several crucial normative considerations that could enhance the standing of individual human beings and whole communities as rational users of technology rather than its slaves. Besides, more often than not, technological products are designed in ways that neglect the needs of persons with disabilities, thereby perpetuating their exclusion from society. Consequently, this article proposes four normative considerations to guide the initiatives of African societies in their deployment of the technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, namely, inclusiveness to meet the needs of all human beings, affordability to bridge the digital divide, respect for cultural identity to guard against cultural imperialism, and an ethical orientation as the over-arching guide to building a truly human society.
African Ethics and Online Communities: An Argument for a Virtual Communitarianism
Authors: Morgan Stephen Nkansah , Okyere-Manu Beatrice
Published: December 2021

A virtual community is generally described as a group of people with shared interests, ideas, and goals in a particular digital group or virtual platform. Virtual communities have become ubiquitous in recent times, and almost everyone belongs to one or multiple virtual communities. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, with its associated national lockdowns, has made virtual communities more essential and a necessary part of our daily lives, whether for work and business, educational purposes or keeping in touch with friends and family. Given these facts, how do we ensure that virtual communities become a true community qua community? We address this question by proposing and arguing for a ‘virtual communitarianism’—an online community that integrates essential features of traditional African communitarianism in its outlook and practice. The paper’s position is that virtual communitarianism can make for a strong ethical virtual community where members can demonstrate a strong sense of group solidarity, care and compassion towards each other. The inclusion of these virtues can bring members who often are farapart and help create a stronger community bond. This will ensure that the evolution of virtual communities does not happen without the integration of progressive African communitarian values.
COVID-19 pandemic preventive guidelines and protocols: How does this affect the Yoruba funeral rites in Nigeria
Authors: Adesoji Joseph Oluyemi , David Fagbamila Olumide , Adijat Joseph Adejoke
Published: December 2021

Funeral rites are significant instrument used in expressing, reaffirming and reinforcing life after death among the Yoruba’ and its not just limited to burying the dead but involves a series of rituals that are performed prior to and after the burial depending on the circumstances that surrounds the death of the deceased, the religious affiliation and the community which the deceased belonged. This is usually marked by some form of celebration especially when the deceased is said to have lived a fulfilled life and died at a ripe old age. However, with the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent preventive guidelines and protocols outlined by the World Health Organization that are expected to be implemented by various governments all over the world including Nigeria, there are indications that the funeral rites may have been altered. This study therefore examined the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic preventive guidelines and protocols on the Yoruba funeral rites. In order to substantiate some of the claims presented in the study, primary data was obtained through in-depth interview from twenty (20) participants while participants were recruited through snow ball sampling method. Data retrieved was analyzed using the qualitative data analysis program ATLAS.ti version 8. Findings from the study revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic preventive guidelines and protocols affects the Yoruba funeral rites in the areas of grieving and mourning, preparation for burial, funeral service and burial as well as burial ceremony.
Images as Afro-positivist narratives and counter hegemonic strategy: A study of #TheAfricaTheMediaNeverShowsYou
Authors: Endong Floribert Patrick C.
Published: December 2021

To arrest the negative stereotypes of Africa in and outside the African continent, a number of civil society organizations and activists have launched various social media-assisted initiatives aimed at showcasing the positive facets of African cultures as well as the beautiful touristic attractions existing on the continent. One of such initiatives is the #TheAfricaTheMediaNeverShowsYou movement launched in 2015 to combat the negative and colonial stereotypes of Africa through the sharing of beautiful images and videos of Africa on Twitter. The movement encouraged Africans of all horizons to share attractive images of Africa, particularly the ones that are rarely or never shown on mainstream media. Six years after the project was launched, it is high time to evaluate its strength and know some of its merits and implications. In line with this aphorism, this paper uses secondary sources and a qualitative analysis of images and videos shared on Twitter to examine the contribution of the #TheAfricaTheMediaNeverShowsYou movement to the imperative of challenging colonial representations of Africa. It specifically discusses the genesis, trans-nationalization and promises of the project; and assesses the movement in the light of two philosophico-cultural currents/theories namely Afro-positivism and counter hegemony. The paper argues that the #TheAfricaTheMediaNeverShowsYou movement put to question the popular but problematic belief that Africa is all about negativisms. It started a visual-assisted conversation not only about the wonders found on African soil but also about some of the cultures which non-Africans have often viewed as problematic or controversial. Such a conversation is a proof that Afro-optimism is still much alive on the continent and that; Africans are conscious that the fight against colonial stereotypes is a perpetual battle which must be fought even with the help of new digital cultures such as digitalized image-based activism.
Implementation of the Policy for Banning Incandescent Lamps in the Markets: Review of the Global Situation and Challenges for Mozambique
Authors: Chapala Nelson Manuel Alfredo , Muarapaz Cirio , Maúre Genito A.
Published: December 2021

The excessive use of incandescent lamps is one of the main factors in the low energy efficiency of the residential sector in Mozambique. To remedy this situation, some countries are banning the import and sale of incandescent lamps in their markets. The article reviews the status of implementation of these actions worldwide and the challenges for Mozambique. The data is drawn from existing literature on the topic under discussion and selected according to purpose. The literature indicates that Mozambique has a program to promote energy efficient incandescent lamps, but the level of its implementation is still very low. Regarding the implementation of the policy to ban incandescent lamps, it was found that the barriers are universal, namely the lack of funding to support the policy actions, the high price of marketing energy efficient lamps, the deficit and doubtful quality of efficient lamps and the little knowledge of consumers and decision makers about the advantages of using energy efficient lamps. However, these data lead us to conclude that it is premature to think about the implementation of the policy to ban the import and sale of incandescent lamps in Mozambique, as there are actions that should be prioritized at this time, namely, the promotion of low consumption lamps, the dissemination of measures for the rational use of electricity in buildings, consumer awareness, the adoption of labels on household appliances and the drafting of specific legislation.
Addressing the Impacts of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Public - Private Partnership (PPP) Contracts
Authors: Nwangwu George
Published: December 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the health and economy of the world. The pandemic has also frustrated the execution of public-private partnership (PPP) projects across the world, with economic and legal consequences for contracting parties. The impacts of the pandemic have, and may continue to, result in uncertainties and even project failures. PPPs are underpinned by long term contracts which should ordinarily determine the rights, obligations and remedies arising out of the impact of the pandemic. However, the legal outcomes are never always certain or determinable and might not augur well for any of the parties. This article examines legal and contractual tools for managing uncertainties and risks arising from the pandemic. It suggests that, as much as possible, parties should rely on extra-contractual arrangements to resolve the issues that are likely to arise out of the pandemic. This article discusses the possible legal outcomes of the pandemic on PPP arrangements and suggests creative ways of mitigating its impacts.
Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of three different Rubus coreanus Miq. by-products
Authors: Lee Sung-Gyu , Kang Hyun
Published: December 2021

Purpose: To investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of three different Rubus coreanus Miq. by-products in stimulated BV-2 microglial cells and explore its underlying physiological efficacy.Methods: Cell viability assessment was performed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to activate BV-2microglia. Total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents were determined by the method of Folin-Denis. As three different Rubus coreanus Miq. by-products remaining after extraction of Rubus coreanus, High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)) finger printing, ABST (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging assay, and NO (nitric oxide) inhibitory assay were performed.Results: Three different Rubus coreanus by-product extract did not exhibit any signs of cytotoxicity to BV-2 cells up to 100 μg/ml concentration (p < 0.5). The LPS-activated excessive release of NO in BV-2 cells was significantly inhibited by Rubus coreanus by-product extract (p < 0.5) at 500 μg/mL). Total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents were highest in 50 % ethanol wine processing by-product (p < 0.5 at 30, 50, 70 and 100 %, respectively). The by-product of wine processing had the lowest RC50 radical scavenging effect (16.53 μL/ml). The quercetin content of the wine processing by-product was the highest in the 70% ethanol extract at 6.26 mg/g (p < 0.5 at 30, 50, 70 and 100%, respectively).Conclusion: These results reveal that of the three other by-products, wine processing by-product has the highest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The use of these by-products has high added value for industrial production; furthermore, they are a potential treatment for various inflammatory diseases.
The significance of the 1971 flank eruption of Etna from volcanological and historic viewpoints
Authors: Stefano Branca  , Daniele Musumeci  , Luigi Ingaliso
Published: December 2021

The 1971 eruption represents a benchmark in the recent history of Etna volcano. From a volcanological point of view, this eruption was characterised by complex intrusive dynamics associated with significant ground deformation that induced the activation of the Moscarello seismogenic fault and the formation of a new summit crater: the Southeast Crater. At the same time, the 1971 event marks an important change in the eruptive style and composition of the magma towards products richer in K. It is no coincidence that, over the next fifty years, there would be an increase in the frequency of summit and flank eruptions and associated output rate. From an historical viewpoint, the eruptive event of 1971 was the first important flank eruption studied by the International Institute of Volcanology: the analysis of the scientific articles on this activity reveals a greater multidisciplinary content in the descriptions and explanations of volcanic activity. Particularly important were the collaborations of British and French research groups that, together with their Italian colleagues, succeeded in giving a complete picture of the eruption and describing the state of knowledge on the Sicilian volcano. The multidisciplinary methodology used to study this  eruption is still valid today.
Kobiece micwot – rola i pozycja kobiety w świetle religijnego prawa żydowskiego
Authors: Keller Szoszana
Published: December 2021

Women’s Mitzvot: The Role and Position of Women in the Light of the Jewish Religious Law

It is not possible to understand the history and present day of Jewish women without placing them in the Jewish tradition, resulting mainly from religion which for centuries was the foundation of Jewish life, regulating its finest aspects. The article describes how the regulations of the religious Jewish law, halakha, determine the place of Jewish women in traditional society, and how the resulting adjustments relate to Jews according to gender. The analysis covers three so-called special women’s mitzvot, i.e. the lighting of the Sabbath lights, the separation of the challah, and the observance of the laws related to the family purity, as well as the resulting positioning of women within a clear apportionment into female−male, public−domestic, or culture−nature.
Słowo i obraz – teksty i związane z nimi motywy ikoniczne na nagrobkach kobiet na cmentarzach żydowskich na historycznych obszarach Rzeczypospolitej
Authors: Trzciński Andrzej
Published: December 2021

Word and Image: Texts and Related Iconic Motifs on Women’s Gravestones in Jewish Cemeteries in the Historical Areas of The Republic of Poland

The research material in the article covers the period from the earliest gravestones from the fourteenth century to contemporary ones of the twenty-first century. Among iconic motifs taken into account are those which are specific for women’s gravestones, and from texts in inscriptions—those corresponding to artistic motifs.

The aims of this study are the following: to distinguish thematic groups, determine the range of iconic motifs used and the chronology and frequency of their occurrence, as well as to juxtapose them with normative content from religious writings of Judaism and with rites and customs.

The following conclusions emerge from the research: In the early period (until the fourth quarter of the eighteenth century), there was no differentiation on tombstones between separate motifs ascribed to men (except for the Kohanim and Levites) and separate motifs ascribed to women. Among the common motifs, the bird motif dominated on women’s gravestones, while the crown motif acquired its specific character. In the fourth quarter of the eighteenth century, the motif of a candlestick appeared on women’s gravestones; it spread very quickly and became a visual identification feature. In the nineteenth century, with the introduction of vanitas motifs on gravestones, they began to be used on women’s gravestones. The connection of motifs with the names of the deceased is also noticeable (e.g. Feigl–bird, Rachel–fairy, Royza–rose, or scenes related to biblical namesakes). The contents of women’s epitaphs presented as praise or description of virtues largely concern traditional female duties toward the home, husband, and children. Women’s gravestones contain no attributes or references to the study of Torah and scholarship, or else to activities in the public sphere—to professions, both religious and later secular—which obviously results from the position and role of women in the patriarchal community. Such information does not appear until the interwar period on the tombstones of women from families assimilated into the surrounding culture which is also evidenced by non-traditional tombstone forms and inscriptions in non-Jewish languages.
Genderowy wymiar jidyszowej literatury masowej w twórczości Szomera
Authors: Stepnowski Adam
Published: December 2021

The Gender Dimension of Yiddish Popular Literature in Shomer’s Writings The article explores a model of construing gender in Yiddish shund (trash) literature. The author focuses on three aspects—womanhood, manhood, and relationships—comparing both cultural ideals and historical reality of Ashkenazic Jewry at the end of the nineteenth century with the gender roles constructed in the novels. The focus is placed on the stories of Nokhem Meir Shaykevitch (Shomer), the most popular shund writer of that time. The author of the article emphasizes the gender ideals in Shomer’s novels and investigates possible ideological inspirations that led the writer to bring the ideals to a textual level.
Między kamuflażem a stereotypem. Postać Żydówki w dramacie Gabrieli Zapolskiej Nerwowa awantura
Authors: Trębacka Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

Between Camouflage and Stereotype: The Portrayal of a Jewish Woman in Gabriela Zapolska’s Drama “Nerwowa awantura” [The Nervous Row]

The article is an attempt to analyze Gabriela Zapolska’s drama entitled Nerwowa awantura [The Nervous Row], first published in 2012. The aim of the study is to answer the question whether Zapolska, while adding Peruwianka to other figures of Jewish women in her literary output, succumbed to popular opinions and provided her with stereotypical features. Or, on the contrary, perhaps she created her protagonist in an innovative, unprecedented way? The author is trying to answer the question whether the ideas of emancipation and feminist movements, so close to the writer, an attempt to fight the existing patriarchal order and Victorian bourgeois customs, also resonate in Nerwowa awantura. The analysis shows that there are no figures of Jewish women in Zapolska’s oeuvre who are clearly burdened with stereotypical traits or are completely free of them. However, none of the Jewish female characters created by the playwright is so independent, liberated and able to achieve her goals as Peruwianka, and as a result she can be perceived as a new figure on the literary and theatrical map.
Obraz Żydówek na froncie wschodnim II wojny światowej we współczesnych rosyjskojęzycznych mediach żydowskich. Na przykładzie wydania internetowego amerykańskiego czasopisma „Jewriejskij Mir”
Authors: Propola Krystian
Published: December 2021

The Image of Jewish Women on the Eastern Front of World War II in Contemporary Russian-Language Jewish Media: The Example of the Online Edition of the American Newspaper Yevreiski Mir

The main aim of this paper is to present the image of Jewish women participating in hostilities on the Eastern Front of World War II in the contemporary Russian-language Jewish media on the example of the online edition of the American newspaper Yevreiski Mir. An analysis of its articles proves that the fates of women of Jewish origin in the Red Army and the Soviet resistance movement are used by the authors to strengthen social ties among Russian-speaking Jews. Moreover, it is shown that the use of biographical threads of selected Jewish women helps journalists create a new narrative in which Jewish women are presented not only as victims but also as war heroines proud of their origin.
Pedagogia Prymasa Tysiąclecia Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego
Authors: Śliwerski Bogusław
Published: December 2021

Pedagogy of the Primate of the Millennium, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński

An analysis of source texts and selected biographical studies of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński was carried out from the perspectives of the processes of secularization taking place in Poland in the year AD 2020, the radical attacks of left-wing politicians on the Catholic Church and its relationship with the current governing coalition known as the United Right [Zjednoczona Prawica]. This strikes at the foundations of the Second Vatican Council and the role of the Polish Church in regaining the nation’s freedom from socialist domination in 1989. The author therefore recalls not only the exceptional merits of the Polish Primate during the period of totalitarianism of the „People’s Poland” [Polska Ludowa], but also his message to educator-practitioners, parents, and scientists.
Kardynał Stefan Wyszyński w obronie praw narodu
Authors: Kryńska Elwira Jolanta
Published: December 2021

Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski in Defense of the Rights of the Nation The impulse to refer to the personal exemplar of Primate Stefan Cardinal Wyszyński and his teachings about the nation and family are the tendencies of moral relativism present in social life, resulting from the belief that only effectiveness and practical usefulness determine what is true and what is good. Seeing in this the threat of a return to „the only right and true doctrine”, which in truth is no longer the ideology of Marxism-Leninism, but destructive views opposing national culture, I consider it justified to recall one of the most outstanding Poles of the 20th century, for whom the good of Poland and Poles were the primary defense of human rights and the right of the nation to independence and justice. He tried to bring to light those values inherent in the nation that could effectively resist these growing threats. These defenses were cited as particularly valuable for the life of the nation and the Church in a totalitarian state that is striving to objectify and incapacitate the individual. However, faith combined with the morality of the Nation formed by the Church contributed to the maintenance of national unity and allowed it to survive in the conditions of communist restrictions. In order to release the Nation from the supremacy of communist ideology, the Primate of the Millennium did not hesitate to confront this system. Even his arrest and imprisonment did not discourage him from serving God and the Homeland. His nobility of heart, bravery of spirit and determination to defend the rights of the nation made him a hero who will not be forgotten!
Wychowanie społeczne w myśli konserwatywnej w Polsce 1945–1962
Authors: Jagielska Dominika
Published: December 2021

Social Education in Conservative Thought in Poland 1945–1962

The end of World War II involved, among other things, new scientific considerations in the field of pedagogy. One area of interest was social education. In Poland in the period 1945–1962 two main concepts developed: first, a dominant, materialistic, communist-inspired ideology, and second, a concept inspired by conservative thought and Catholic assumptions that developed outside the mainstream of reflections on education. The aim of the article is to present the threads relating to social education, which appeared after 1945 in the work of representatives of Polish pedagogical thought functioning outside the main socialist paradigm. I focus on the conservative thought with the most oppositional potential in Poland, which was presented at that time mainly by Catholic-oriented educators. On the basis of primary source analysis, I draw attention to the issues that arise in this area: social virtues, family education and preparation for marital and parental roles, as well as national, state, and political education.
Social Pedagogy as a Source of Social Prophylactics and Social Rehabilation Theory and Practice
Authors: Kusztal Justyna
Published: December 2021

The article presents an analysis and interpretation of the sources and other materials gathered in search of answers to the questions about social pedagogy as the source of contemporary social rehabilitation thinking and practice. Social pedagogy and social rehabilitation pedagogy share some of their history, both rooted in the thinking and writings of the first Polish pedagogues (19th/20th century), and also in the institutional measures designed to serve people and social groups, especially children threatened by poverty, marginalization and social maladjustment. The article discusses the developmental stages of Polish social pedagogy, with the turning point being 1945, as well as their implications for the evolution of social rehabilitation ideas and practice, from their origin at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries to the present day.
Strajk sierpniowy i Solidarność (1980–1981) widziane z gdańskich męskich domów zakonnych
Authors: Molendowski Leszek
Published: December 2021

Strajk robotników w Stoczni Gdańskiej im. Lenina w sierpniu 1980 roku oprócz znacznego poparcia społecznego spotkał się z uznaniem, wsparciem oraz pomocą ze strony jedynej niezależnej od władz komunistycznych organizacji w PRL, Kościoła katolickiego. Wśród jego przedstawicieli nie zabrakło duchownych „zza klasztornej furty” – zakonników, których na terytorium diecezji gdańskiej nie brakowało. Gdańscy dominikanie, franciszkanie konwentualni, jezuici, pallotyni, reformaci, oblaci i wielu innych w różnym zakresie oraz stopniu zaangażowania włączyli się w działania na rzecz NSZZ „Solidarność”. Działania te dotyczyły związku zawodowego oraz rodzącego się przy Solidarności ruchu społecznego. Związek i ruch otrzymały wsparcie zakonników nie tylko poprzez opiekę duszpasterską, ale również przez organizowane na ich rzecz zbiórki pieniężne, współudział oraz organizację niezależnego życia artystycznego, pisarskiego, wydawniczego czy pomoc represjonowanym członkom Solidarności i ich rodzinom.

Abstract

Apart from considerable public support, the workers’ strike at the Lenin Gdańsk Shipyard in August 1980 received recognition and help from the only organization independent of the communist authorities in the Polish People’s Republic: the Catholic Church. Among its representatives there were some monastery clergymen – monks, of whom there were quite a few in the Gdańsk diocese. Dominican friars of Gdańsk, Conventual Franciscans, Jesuits, Pallottines, Reformists, Oblates and many others joined the activities of NSZZ (Independent Self-Governing Trade Union) “Solidarity” and were involved in one way or another. Their activities concentrated on the trade union and the social movement that was emerging around “Solidarity”. The union and the movement received the support of the monks not only through pastoral care, but also through fundraising, organization, and participation in independent artistic, writing and publishing life, as well as through the help given to the repressed members of “Solidarity” and their families.
Między opcją zerową a kontynuacją. Reforma cywilnych służb specjalnych w Polsce w latach 1989–1990
Authors: Galij-Skarbińska Sylwia
Published: December 2021

Jednym z istotnych problemów, jakie stanęły przed państwami byłego bloku wschodniego u progu przemian ustrojowych, było określenie roli oraz miejsca służb specjalnych w nowej rzeczywistości politycznej. Droga prowadzonych reform zależała przede wszystkim od „sposobu odchodzenia od komunizmu”, poziomu doświadczenia i wiedzy rządzących na temat reformy służb specjalnych, a także zaangażowania ekipy rządzącej w zmiany przeprowadzane w tym obszarze. To między innymi te czynniki decydowały o tym, czy przyjęty model rozwiązań instytucjonalnych przyjmował kształt „opcji zerowej” (budowania służb od podstaw), czy też „kontynuacji” (pozostawienia dotychczasowych rozwiązań i dostosowaniu ich do warunków nowego reżimu). Należy zauważyć jednak, że owe modele stanowią jedynie dwa antynomiczne typy, między nimi występuje zaś wiele form gradualistycznych (hybrydalnych), w których mieszają się różne koncepcje dotyczące budowy nowych służb, ulokowania ich w strukturze władz państwowych, metod działania, doboru personelu. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie rozwiązań zastosowanych w Polsce i okoliczności powstania Urzędu Ochrony Państwa w 1990 roku.

A significant problem the countries of the former Eastern bloc faced at the threshold of the political transformations of 1989/1990 was defining the role and place of secret services in the new political reality. The path of the reforms depended primarily on the “way of moving away from communism”, the level of the rulers’ experience and knowledge on the reform of secret services, as well as the involvement of the ruling team in the changes carried out in this area. These factors, among others, determined whether the adopted institutional model took the shape of a “zero option” (building services from scratch) or “continuation” (leaving the existing solutions and adjusting them to the conditions of the new regime). Apart from these two antinomic models, there were many hybrid forms, in which various concepts related to the construction of new services, locating them in the structure of state authorities, methods of operation, and selection of personnel, were mixed. The aim of this article is to present the solutions used in Poland and the circumstances of the establishment of the State Protection Office in 1990.
Sondażowy zawrót głowy AD 1989
Authors: Ligarski Sebastian
Published: December 2021

W powszechnej opinii sondaże wyborcze w czasie kampanii z kwietnia–czerwca 1989 roku były tylko domeną obozu władzy. Jak się okazuje, to jeden z kolejnych mitów tego okresu. Swoje sondaże przeprowadzały też Komitety Obywatelskie lub inne organizacje, które starały się odczytać nastroje społeczne tego czasu. W artykule zostają omówione te sondaże, ich wyniki oraz będące ich efektem decyzje podejmowane przez zleceniodawców.

The popular opinion stated that the election polls during the April – June 1989 campaign were only the domain of the ruling camp. As it turns out, this is another myth of this period. Citizens’ Committees or other organizations which tried to read the social mood of that time also conducted their polls. The article discusses the polls, their results and the decisions made by those who commissioned them.
Детская книга и борьба за формирование идеала советского человека (1918-1930)
Authors: Serebrennik Daria
Published: December 2021

В статье рассматриваются пути влияния руководящей Партии СССР на воспитание ребенка через один из видов массовой культуры – детскую литературу. Начало XX века, а именно первые два десятилетия послереволюционного периода, знаменательно пристальным вниманием к детству, что обусловлено социально-политической парадигмой новой страны и необходимостью влиять на ребенка с целью воспитания нового типа советского гражданина, «человека будущего», который построит идеальное коммунистическое государство. Детская литература в только что созданной стране стала не просто адресована ребенку, а максимально обозначена с точки зрения социальных функций: ее описали и разбили на возрастные категории, указали темы и жанры, поставили задачи воспитания и образования. В предвоенные годы созываются различные тематические конференции, съезды и совещания; создаются многочисленные инстанции и издательства, призванные объединить силы лучших писателей, художников, педагогов и ликвидировать существующие недостатки в работе по созданию и продвижению детских книг, выдержанных высоким идейным уровнем. Отныне детская книга становится самостоятельным художественным явлением и рас- сматривается как мощный инструмент в идеологической борьбе за становление нового человека, а детство – как важнейший период, способствующий воспитанию человека, отвечающего высшим идеалам.

Children’s Books and the Struggle for the Formation of the Ideal of the Soviet Man (1918-1930)
The article examines the ways in which the leading party of the USSR used to influence children’s upbringing by means of one of the types of mass culture – children’s literature. The beginning of the 20th century, namely, the first two decades of the post-revolutionary period, were remarkable as for close attention to childhood, which resulted from the socio-political paradigm of the new country and the need to influence the child in order to educate a new type of Soviet citizen, a “man of the future” who would build an ideal communist state. Children’s literature in the newly created country was not addressed just to the child, but it was divided into categories regarding its social functions – taking into account the reader’s age. Topics and genres were pinpointed, the tasks aiming at proper upbringing and education were set. In the pre-war years various thematic conferences, congresses and meetings were convened; and numerous institutions and publishing houses were created to unite the power of the best writers, artists, teachers and to eliminate existing shortcomings in the work on creation and promotion of children’s books with high ideological level. From now on, children’s books have become an independent artistic phenomenon. They are viewed as powerful tool in the ideological struggle for the formation of a new Soviet man, whereas childhood is perceived as the most important period in shaping personality of the man of high ideals.
Decyzyjna niedyspozycja. Niektóre oblicza relatywizmu w wybranych utworach prozatorskich Jegora Fietisowa
Authors: Brążkiewicz Bartłomiej
Published: December 2021

Najnowsza proza rosyjska, wpisująca się w nieco szerzej ujmowaną literacką „współczesność”, daje wyraz powszechności problemów „pokoleniowych” zakorzenionych w ludzkich lękach, kłopotach tożsamościowych, zagubieniu i poczuciu samotności. Na przykładzie analizy dwóch wpisujących się w koncepcję petersburskiego tekstu literatury rosyjskiej powieści autorstwa Jegora Fietisowa widać, jak bardzo związane są one z kwestiami egzystencjalnymi. Odzwierciedlone w powieściowych dialogach rozważania mają charakter ideowy i są zorientowane wokół dramatyzmu wyborów, wolności i odpowiedzialności, gry pozorów, życiowego autentyzmu, a także zdystansowania względem „narzucanego”. Ich podstawowe przesłanie dotyczy zaś „decyzyjnej niedyspozycji”, jako swego rodzaju niemocy przeżywanej w obliczu konieczności dokonania wyboru. Problem, stanowiący jedno z kluczowych doświadczeń ludzkiej subiektywności, typowy dla „współczesności”, w omawianych utworach często bywa relatywizowany.

Decision-Making Indisposition. Some Features of Relativism in Selected Prose Works by Egor Fetisov
The newest Russian prose fiction, codified within more extensively labelled “contemporary” literature, expresses the universality of generational problems rooted in human fears, self-identity problems, numerous confusions and a sense of loneliness. The analysis of two novels by Egor Fetisov fitting into the concept of Petersburg text of Russian literature, shows their proximity to existential issues. The considerations reflected in the dialogues of the novels’ characters are ideologically oriented, with reference to such questions as the drama of choices to make, freedom and responsibility, a game of appearances, authenticity in life, as well as some distancing from “the imposed.” The central message of the novels concerns the “decision-making indisposition” seen as a kind of powerlessness experienced in the face of necessity to make a choice. The problem, constituting one of the key experiences of human subjectivity and typical of “present-day,” is often relativised in the discussed novels.
Job Satisfaction and Employees’ Performance of Hotel Industry: Empirical Evidence from Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Bello Mercy , Aina Christopher , Oluwole Ajayi
Published: December 2021

This study examined the influence of job satisfaction on employees’ performance of hotel industry in Lagos State. The study adopted a structured questionnaires to collect data from 330 employees of 63 hotels in the 20 LGAs of Lagos State. Data analysis was performed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling. It arisen from the study that the relationship between job stress, promotion opportunity and supervisory support, and employees’ performance are statistically significant. In addition, the relationship between payment system and workplace environment, and employees’ performance are not significant. The discoveries offer noteworthy inferences for managers of hotels in Lagos State to give more attention to staff promotion matters for enhanced job performance. The findings further provides significant implication for hotel operators in Lagos State to take staff support initiatives seriously. To the best of our knowledge, the study presents the first major study that proposed and validated job satisfaction and employees’ performance (JOPEF) model for hotels in Lagos State. The new model provide hotel business operators, the government and academics with new insight into the association between job satisfaction and employees’ performance of hotels in an emerging economy.