bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reddit language indicates changes associated with diet, physical activity, substance use, and smoking during COVID-19
Authors: Wanchoo Karan , Abrams Matthew , Merchant Raina M. , Ungar Lyle , Guntuku Sharath Chandra
Published: February 2023

COVID-19 has adversely impacted the health behaviors of billions of people across the globe, modifying their former trends in health and lifestyle. In this paper, we compare the psychosocial language markers associated with diet, physical activity, substance use, and smoking before and after the onset of COVID-19 pandemic. We leverage the popular social media platform Reddit to analyze 1 million posts between January 6, 2019, to January 5, 2021, from 22 different communities (i.e., subreddits) that belong to four broader groups—diet, physical activity, substance use, and smoking. We identified that before the COVID-19 pandemic, posts involved sharing information about vacation, international travel, work, family, consumption of illicit substances, vaping, and alcohol, whereas during the pandemic, posts contained emotional content associated with quarantine, withdrawal symptoms, anxiety, attempts to quit smoking, cravings, weight loss, and physical fitness. Prevalent topic analysis showed that the pandemic was associated with discussions about nutrition, physical fitness, and outdoor activities such as backpacking and biking, suggesting users’ focus shifted toward their physical health during the pandemic. Starting from the week of March 23, 2020, when several stay-at-home policies were enacted, users wrote more about coping with stress and anxiety, alcohol misuse and abuse, and harm-reduction strategies like switching from hard liquor to beer/wine after people were socially isolated. In addition, posts related to use of substances such as benzodiazepines (valium, xanax, clonazepam), nootropics (kratom, phenibut), and opioids peaked around March 23, 2020, followed by a decline. Of note, unlike the general decline observed, the volume of posts related to alternatives to heroin (e.g., fentanyl) increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Posts about quitting smoking gained momentum after late March 2020, and there was a sharp decline in posts about craving to smoke. This study highlights the significance of studying social media discussions on platforms like Reddit which are a rich ecological source of human experiences and provide insights to inform targeted messaging and mitigation strategies, and further complement ongoing traditional primary data collection methods.
A large outbreak of COVID-19 linked to an end of term trip to Menorca (Spain) by secondary school students in summer 2021
Authors: Forcadell-Díez Lluís , Rius Cristina , Salobral Raúl , Sánchez-Valdivia Nacho , Mendioroz Jacobo , Godoy Pere , Badiella Jarque Elisabet , Ferrandiz-Mont David , Moreno Cervera Daniel , Jordan Suriñach Berta , Vilalta-Carrera Alba , Guadalupe-Fernández Víctor , Mateo Basilio Julia , Farràs Tapiol Sergi , Pérez Gloria
Published: February 2023

Background

An outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurred in young people from Catalonia (Spain) who travelled to Menorca (Spain) in summer 2021. This outbreak appeared when governments relaxed Covid-19 preventive measures: the mask usage and the opening of nightlife. It was related to a super-disseminating mass event: Sant Joan festivities in Ciutadella. The aim of this article is to describe an outbreak of COVID-19 in young people aged 17–19 years from Catalonia travelling to Menorca.

Methods

This is an observational study of a COVID-19 outbreak. The study population comprised Catalonian youth aged 17–19 years who travelled to Menorca from 15 June to 10 July. Epidemiological descriptive indicators were obtained. Descriptive and geographical statistics were carried out. Bivariate Moran’s I test was used to identify spatial autocorrelation between the place of residence and deprivation. The outbreak control method was based on identifying and stopping chains of transmission by implementing the test-trace-isolate-quarantine (TTIQ) strategy.

Results

We identified 515 confirmed cases infected in Menorca, 296 (57.5%) in girls and 219 (42.5%) in boys, with a total of 2,280 close contacts. Of them, 245 (10.7%) were confirmed as cases. The cases were diagnosed between 15 June and 10 July. None of the persons with confirmed infection died or required hospitalisation. The attack rate was 27.2%. There was an inverse relationship between deprivation and number of confirmed cases (p<0.005), there were clusters of confirmed cases in the most socioeconomic favoured areas.

Discussion

The outbreak is related with young people from socioeconomic favoured areas who travelled to Menorca in summer 2021. Failure to comply with preventive measures in binge-drinking events and during holidays may have favoured SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The interauthority coordination and establishment of a clear line of leadership allowed continuous communication between institutions, which were key to managing this complex COVID-19 outbreak.
Disturbance of lipid metabolism in germ-free mice transplanted with gut microbiota of DSS-induced colitis mice
Authors: Lee Chungho , Kim SangAh , Kim Bobae , Holzapfel Wilhelm H. , Hyun Chang-Kee
Published: February 2023

Hepatobiliary abnormality and metabolic disorders are frequently observed complications in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Given that microbiota dysbiosis is a common pathophysiological feature of both IBD and metabolic diseases, we examined how the IBD-induced dysbiosis affects the host metabolism and contributes to the development of associated metabolic diseases using germ-free (GF) mice transplanted with fecal microbiota of DSS-induced colitis mice. There was no significant change in inflammation or barrier integrity in the gut of GF mice that received microbiota from colitis mice compared to their counterparts that were transplanted with microbiota from non-colitis healthy mice. Interestingly, it was observed that the GF recipients of colitis-induced altered microbiota showed a significant decrease in the weight of adipose tissues including mesenteric, epididymal, subcutaneous, and brown fat without any change in body weight, which was accompanied by abnormalities in adipose tissue functions such as fat storage and adiponectin production. Transplantation of colitis-induced altered microbiota also disrupted hepatic lipid metabolism in the GF recipient mice, which was observed by increases in synthesis and accumulation of cholesterol and bile acids in hepatocytes and a decrease in plasma HDL-cholesterol. Additional observations including elevated plasma levels of insulin, decreased hepatic production of FGF21, and decreased levels of fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and hepatic expression of SCFA receptors led to a conclusion that the transplantation of the colitis-associated dysbiotic microbiota was causally associated with impairments of insulin action and FGF21-adiponectin axis, possibly due to the low SCFA-producing capacity of the colonized microbiota, leading to metabolic abnormalities including adipose tissue dysfunction and dysregulated hepatic lipid metabolism. Our findings suggest potential mechanisms that explain how colitis-associated gut dysbiosis may contribute to the development of metabolic dysfunctions, which could be applied to clinical practice to improve the efficacy of treatment of IBD patients with comorbid metabolic disorders or vice versa.
Identification of AGXT2, SHMT1, and ACO2 as important biomarkers of acute kidney injury by WGCNA
Authors: Wei Jinshuang , Zhang Junlin , Wei Junyu , Hu Miaoyue , Chen Xiuqi , Qin Xuankai , Chen Jie , Lei Fengying , Qin Yuanhan
Published: February 2023

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious and frequently observed disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) is a research method that converts the relationship between tens of thousands of genes and phenotypes into the association between several gene sets and phenotypes. We screened potential target genes related to AKI through WGCNA to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of AKI. Key biomolecules of AKI were investigated based on transcriptome analysis. RNA sequencing data from 39 kidney biopsy specimens of AKI patients and 9 normal subjects were downloaded from the GEO database. By WGCNA, the top 20% of mRNAs with the largest variance in the data matrix were used to construct a gene co-expression network with a p-value < 0.01 as a screening condition, showing that the blue module was most closely associated with AKI. Thirty-two candidate biomarker genes were screened according to the threshold values of |MM|≥0.86 and |GS|≥0.4, and PPI and enrichment analyses were performed. The top three genes with the most connected nodes, alanine—glyoxylate aminotransferase 2(AGXT2), serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1(SHMT1) and aconitase 2(ACO2), were selected as the central genes based on the PPI network. A rat AKI model was constructed, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of the central genes in the model and control groups were verified by PCR and immunohistochemistry experiments. The results showed that the relative mRNA expression and protein levels of AGXT2, SHMT1 and ACO2 showed a decrease in the model group. In conclusion, we inferred that there is a close association between AGXT2, SHMT1 and ACO2 genes and the development of AKI, and the down-regulation of their expression levels may induce AKI.
Executive summary: A road map for action: recommendations of the Health Affairs Council on Health Care Spending and Value.
Authors:   Health Affairs Council on Health Care Spending and Value
Published: February 2023

Executive Summary. The Health Affairs Council on Health Care Spending and Value was charged with recommending ways that the United States can take a deliberate approach to moderating health care spending growth while maximizing value. The council is a nonpartisan, multidisciplinary, expert working group under the leadership of cochairs William Frist and Margaret Hamburg. The council’s final report summarizes their work accomplishes two goals: through its supporting research, it synthesizes literature about how much the US spends on health care, the value of that spending, and the likely impact of various interventions; and it provides recommendations to public and private stakeholders on how to achieve higher-value health care spending and growth in the US.
Design Characteristics for Sustainable Pediatric Healthcare Environments: Stakeholder’s Perception
Authors: Babbu Abdul Halim , Haque Mazharul
Published: February 2023

Background: The therapeutic environments of children and adolescents differ from those of adults, and are complex entities. Though studies have been conducted on the built environments of adult healthcare facilities, the impact of therapeutic environments on the health outcomes of pediatric patients is yet to be explored. Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate design characteristics for creating a pleasant, comfortable, and child-friendly physical environment in children's healthcare settings. Method: After extracting features that influence pediatric healthcare design from the relevant literature, a survey questionnaire, consisting of 45 items from 14 domains, was conducted. Principal component analysis (PCA) using varimax rotation was used to explore the intrinsic concept in an Indian sample (N= 224). Results: PCA with varimax rotation yielded 4- factors: (1) child-centred design characteristics; (2) indoor ambient environmental quality; (3) positive distraction strategies; and (4) sense of autonomy and control, accounting for 78.14% of the explained variance. A factor loading range of 0.41 to 0.93 was found across the four variables, indicating construct validity, and all the factors were found to be significantly related to each other. Conclusions: This study concludes that the built environment of pediatric healthcare settings impacts patients’ health outcomes and behaviour, with decreased patient stress & anxiety, and better family experience.  The findings suggest the need of providing comfort to the children through several rejuvenating elements such as positive distraction strategies, play opportunities, family and peer interaction, child-friendly design, age-associated characteristics, etc. It also suggests various design characteristics that help contribute the positive patient health outcomes.

Keywords: pediatric therapeutic environment, healthcare design, child-friendly design, therapeutic play, family-centred care
Green Economy as a Prerequisite for Sustainable Development: Analysis of International and Ukrainian Experience
Authors: Bondarenko Valerii , Pokynchereda Vitalii , Pidvalna Oksana , Kolesnyk Tetiana , Sokoliuk Serhii
Published: February 2023

Abstract

The article reflects the approaches to the essential content of the concept of green economy in the context of the implementation of ecologically-oriented production, ensuring the welfare of society and achieving sustainable development goals, the expediency and socio-economic need to transition to a system of management based on the principles of green economy concept, identifies priority activities to ensure an effective and progressive transition to sustainable development and green economy. The key challenges facing the global economy at the present stage are presented, and the possible options for an effective response to such problems through the prism of sustainable development and implementation of the principles of green economy are considered. The experience of countries of the European and Asia-Pacific regions in developing national strategies for transition to a green economy, which are based on ensuring the life of society in harmony with nature, the promotion of natural biodiversity and the growth of human well-being through the promotion of conservation, is analyzed. The organizational and legal aspects of the formation of green economy in Ukraine are considered, the problematic issues of implementation of the ideas and principles of the concept of green economy on the way to ensure progressive development are given. According to the approved strategy of the state ecological policy of Ukraine the directions of development of green economy, providing introduction of the effective financial tools, in particular, green bonds, green crediting, creation of funds of financing of green projects, optimization of green tariffs are offered and proved.

Key words: green economy, sustainable development, globalization, global challenges, rational economic management, social justice.
Committing to Anti-Bias Anti-Racist Teaching: From Activity to Habits of Mind
Authors: Hinman Tierney B. , Stevens Elizabeth Y. , Dussling Tess M. , Wilson Nance S. , Tondreau Amy , Gardiner Wendy , White Kristen , Degener Sophie
Published: February 2023

With the need to prepare teacher candidates to work with an increasingly diverse student body in U.S. schools, a multi-institutional collaborative self-study group was formed to examine ways in which teacher educators could expand beyond practice-based literacy preparation to support candidates’ understanding and implementation of critical pedagogies. The self-study served as a catalyst for interrogating the identities the teacher educators brought to their practice and began a journey that transformed a focus on critical literacies into a commitment to action for change through anti-bias anti-racist work. This paper draws from group dialogue and reflective journals to examine specific practices implemented with teacher candidates to transform their practice by considering critical literacies, asset- and deficit-based language, and the identity work of teachers and students. Insights of the self-study suggest that attention to critical pedagogies must go beyond instructional activity to consider the habits of mind essential for cultivation to support a commitment to action for anti-bias anti-racist education. The paper concludes by examining these core habits of mind and their impact on the trajectory of the group’s work toward leveraging language and literacy for activism and justice in teacher education contexts.
Working to Answer the Effectiveness of Nutrition in IBD: Still a Ways to Go
Authors: Otley Anthony , Grover Zubin , Moayyedi Paul
Published: February 2023

The Specific Carbohydrate diet (SCD) is an exclusion diet widely popular among patients with IBD, which restricts carbohydrates and processed foods. Two recently concluded controlled studies PRODUCE (Personalized Research on Diet in Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn's Disease) and DINE-CD (The Diet to Induce Remission in Crohn's disease) confirm efficacy of SCD on symptom control but fail to demonstrate a sustained anti-inflammatory response. These dietary studies are a welcome addition to a poorly understood field of dietary management of IBD, we explore some practical challenges including trial designs, recruitment, and retention in long term dietary intervention studies. Future dietary intervention studies should, therefore, incorporate endoscopic end points to establish a true anti-inflammatory response to elimination diets, preferably with detailed multi-omics analysis to understand mechanism of action.
Continuing Medical Education Questions: February 2023
Authors: Fawley Ryan K.
Published: February 2023

Article Title: Management of Patients With Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding: An Updated ACG Guideline
Asymptomatic Hepatic Leiomyoma in an Immunocompetent Middle-Aged Woman
Authors: Nwankwo Eugene C. , Burton Samuel J. , Brotherton Tim , Carpenter Danielle , Qureshi Kamran
Published: February 2023

Primary hepatic leiomyomas are rare tumors most commonly in immunosuppressed individuals who are coinfected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). From our literature review, there have been 50 published cases, of which 24 were immunocompetent individuals and only 5 were negative for EBV infection. We report a case of primary hepatic leiomyomas in an asymptomatic middle-aged woman without a history of immunosuppression or EBV infection.
Metastatic Bronchoalveolar Carcinoma Presenting as Chronic Esophageal Stricture
Authors: Alappan Harish R. , Gwan-Nulla Daniel , Rizzo Kathryn
Published: February 2023

We report a case of chronic esophageal stricture resulting from metastatic bronchoalveolar carcinoma in a patient without a prior diagnosis of malignancy. The diagnosis was made on pathologic examination of the resected specimen after esophagectomy. Further workup subsequently revealed additional sites of metastasis.
Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma Masquerading as Acute Diverticulitis
Authors: Brotherton Tim , Al-Taee Ahmad M. , Carpenter Danielle , Cheesman Antonio R.
Published: February 2023

Colorectal cancer may masquerade as acute diverticulitis. Our case is a 71-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain and was diagnosed with acute diverticulitis. He was ultimately found to have metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma to the colon without any evidence of diverticular disease on colonoscopy. Although the most common malignancy to masquerade as diverticulitis is colorectal cancer, metastatic deposits should also be considered, especially in patients with a history of extracolonic malignancy.
An Unexpected Anemia Hiding a Rare Syndrome With Overlapping Phenotypes
Authors: Dal Buono Arianna , Poliani Laura , Repici Alessandro , Hassan Cesare , Bianchi Paolo
Published: February 2023

Gastric polyposis is a rare endoscopic finding that can imply genetic syndromes predisposing to cancer development. Among the possible conditions associated with gastric polyposis and early onset gastric cancer (younger than 45 years) is juvenile polyposis syndrome. We present a clinical case of early onset gastric cancer associated with a frameshift mutation in the gene SMAD4. Individuals carrying a pathogenic variant of this gene have a high risk of malignant transformation, especially of gastric cancer. Moreover, most of these patients present also with extraintestinal features of the hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, and the first symptom prompting medical evaluation is anemia.
Graft-vs-Host Disease in a Liver Transplant Patient With COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Kiparizoska Sara , Nguyen Veronica , Rangnekar Amol S.
Published: February 2023

Graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) after liver transplant is a rare complication with high mortality outcomes. Because of the rarity of occurrence, there is no standardized consensus for treatment. Early recognition of symptoms and a multidisciplinary approach with input from transplant hepatology and hematology is important to determine a treatment plan and improve outcomes. We present a unique case of a 49-year-old woman who developed GVHD during a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection 3 months after receiving a liver transplant. More data are needed to determine whether COVID-19 infection itself correlates with a risk of developing GVHD.
Teachers' Perceptions of Content and Language Integrated Elementary English Education
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Song Hyun-min , Kim Jeong-Ryeol
Published: February 2023

Purpose: The current study aimed to investigate teachers' perceptions of content-integrated classes:the success factors of content-integrated classes and elementary school teachers’ understanding andknowledge of content-integrated classes.
Methods: To this end, 155 surveys of elementary school teachers were analyzed drawing upon thecurrent status of teachers' English ability and content-integrated classes, preferred grades and subjects,and success factors and difficulties of content-integrated classes, and the surveys were then classifiedunder six understanding and knowledge categories through factor analysis.
Results: The most preferred grade for the content-integrated class was the fifth grade, followed bythe sixth grade, with the higher grades being favored by the teachers due to the students’ Englishability. Functional subjects such as art, physical education, and music were preferred in the surveyand this was attributed to the students’ interest, motivation and the nature of the subjects beingexperiential. Teachers considered the teachers’ and the students’ English ability to be both successfactors and to be related to difficulties when conducting content-integrated classes. In addition, it wasdiscovered that the factor analysis could restructure the elementary school teachers' understanding andknowledge of content-integrated classes to include the necessity and effect of such classes, their methods,conditions for conducting such classes, their success factors, definitions and recognition categories.
Conclusion: The current study concluded that the English and content-integrated classes are moreappropriate for the higher grades in elementary schools as their English skills can meet the demandsof English vocabulary and expressions adopted in such classes. In addition, more experiential subjectsare preferred due to the interests which motivates students to participate in content-integrated classes.
A Study of the Reflections and Tasks of Teaching Practicum Experiences: Based on Dewey's ‘an Experience’
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Choi Hyeon-Ju , Lee Byung-Seong
Published: February 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to reflect on the teaching practicum experiences of Koreanpre-service teachers in light of Dewey's concept of an experience, and present tasks for the developmentof teaching practicum experiences in the future.
Methods: In order to achieve the research purpose, a review of previous studies dealing with theeducational practicum experiences of pre-service teachers was conducted, and the findings were thenanalyzed the concept of ‘an experience’ in Dewey's empirical theory. Through the synthesis the experiencesof the pre-service teachers were reflected upon and tasks were concidered for them.
Results: When considering Dewey's concept of an experience, it was reflected that the educationpracticum experience of Korean pre-service teachers was very fragmented, passive, and incomplete. As a result, three tasks were presented for the pre-service teacher's education practicum experienceto become an experience : 1) Reorganizing the curriculum so that pre-service teachers can integratetheir self and reality based on the continuity of experience, 2) Securing education practicum time sothat incomplete experiences can fully become a complete an experience 3) Transitioning from tutor-centered education to an inquiry-oriented education practicum so that the experience of pre-serviceteachers can become an intellectual experience through active, intellectual, and creative thinking.
Conclusion: This study revealed the meaning of the experience that pre-service teachers should performand presented tasks for it. This study is meaningful in that it attempted a theoretical approach, unlikephenomenological studies that analyzed pre-service teachers' educational practicum experiences.
Logistic Regression Analysis of Learner Traits and Satisfaction Influencing Levels of D igital Literacy and Self-regulation in University Distance Learning
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Choi Mina , Roh Hye lan
Published: February 2023

Purpose: This study was conducted with the purpose of predicting the learner traits and satisfactionfactors that affect the digital literacy and self-regulation levels of students who have taken a universitycourse with distance learning.
Methods: This study was conducted through a survey given to all students who took a distance learningcourse in the second semester of 2020 at C University in Chungbuk province. Of the 419 valid surveys332 subjects were analyzed excluding the average values of digital literacy and self-regulation. Followingthis the 332 subjects were again divided into upper and lower groups by variables. Binary logisticregression was then performed. Moreover, multinominal logistic regression was performed by dividingthe group into four groups lower-lower, upper-lower, lower-upper and upper-upper.
Results: The main research results are as follows. First, the possibility that the lower digital literacygroup would not think it was convenient because they could take the course any place they wanted,and the possibility that thought the class method was appropriate increased. Second, the self-regulationlower group was found to be more likely to think that the guidance for academic affairs and distancelearning was not appropriate. Third, compared to the digital literacy and self-regulation the upper-uppergroup, the lower-lower group was more likely to think that the class method was appropriate, andthe belief that the guidance for academic affairs was not appropriate increased. The lower-upper classwas more likely to think that the attendance check recognition method was not clear. Furthermore,the upper-lower groups were found to be more likely to have lower grades.
Conclusion: In conclusion, it is necessary to apply a differentiated class management strategy reflectingthe group characteristics according to the level of digital literacy and self-regulation.
Antecedents and Consequences of Individual Teacher Efficacy and Collective Teacher Efficacy
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Won Sungjun , Lee Hye-Min
Published: February 2023

Purpose: The primary goal of this study was to investigate antecedents and consequences of teacherefficacy. Specifically, we examined the relations of individual teacher efficacy and collective teacherefficacy with job performance, job satisfaction, and student engagement. In addition, principal supportfor teaching and learning was evaluated as a predictor of teacher efficacy, and its indirect effectson the outcomes via teacher efficacy were tested.
Methods: We used the second wave of the Korean Educational Longitudinal Study 2013 data. Atotal of 1,983 elementary school teachers' survey responses were analyzed using structural equationmodeling.
Results: Results showed that both individual teacher efficacy and collective teacher efficacy predictedjob performance, job satisfaction, and student engagement, but their predictive patterns were different. Furthermore, principal support for teaching and learning significantly predicted teacher efficacy andalso job performance, job satisfaction, and student engagement indirectly via teacher efficacy.
Conclusion: Findings indicate the distinct roles of individual teacher efficacy and collective teacherefficacy and the importance of principal support for promoting teacher efficacy.
Exploring Social Computing Approaches for Future Education and Convergence Education with Social Algorithm Perspectives
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Kim Young-Hoon , Yang Kyoung-Eun
Published: February 2023

Purpose: This paper discusses convergence education and future education perspectives of computing and algorithms applied to humanistic and social sciences with artificial intelligence. These algorithms are referred to as social algorithms.
Methods: This paper considers the social scientific implications of social algorithms from an educational perspective, examining the issues and topics associated with the use of these algorithms for educational practices.
Results: This discussion of social algorithms explicitly focuses on examples and case studies of educational practices rather than on theory and techniques. As specific issues for exploring the potential of social algorithms, this paper proposes social algorithm development processes, deductive-inductive approaches to social model building, and geospatial algorithms. It also suggests a more comprehensive list of geospatial data research topics for educational practices associated with social computing, including collective intelligence, community mapping, digital mapping content (i.e. Google Earth), evolutionary algorithms, and digital literacy of geospatial data.
Conclusion: Some significant findings are highlighted along with ways that these can be infused with work on social algorithms and computing.
Current Status and Tasks of Character Education
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Lee Chul-Ju
Published: February 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the concept of character by reviewing the current status and problems of character education, and to propose characteristics and methods of character education and tasks for character education.
Methods: The researcher reviewed data on character education at home and abroad, analyzed the difficulties of character education in school education, explored the concept of ‘character’ as the main concept, identified the characteristics of character education, and proposed methods and tasks for character education.
Results: First, the difficulties of character education were largely analyzed into five categories, and the concept of ‘character’ was divided into good nature, personality, and character. In addition, since character education works meaningfully in the field of practice rather than in the theoretical field, it was reviewed that it has a value-integrated and curriculum-integrated characteristic with various values and various subjects.
Conclusion: The above research results suggest that character education can be understood as a work that provides the basis for a good mind before teaching knowledge or skills, and above all, practice in life plays an important role.
Turismo y recreación en los espacios rurales de Argentina: variaciones según los Censos Nacionales Agropecuarios 2002 y 2018
Authors: Gordziejczuk Matias Adrián , Mikkelsen Clauda Andrea
Published: February 2023

Desde 1990, en la academia se refiere a un giro en el modo de estudiar y comprender al espacio rural, que consiste en el desenfoque del debate agrarista y la ampliación de la mirada hacia las ruralidades. Dentro de esta reestructuración conceptual, adquieren relevancia las reflexiones teóricas y aplicaciones sobre la terciarización, la prestación de servicios, el turismo rural y la producción de datos estadísticos referidos a estos temas. En este sentido, la propuesta de este trabajo consiste en analizar desde el punto de vista espacial la variación del turismo y la recreación en el espacio rural de Argentina, empleando como fuente de información los Censos Nacionales Agropecuarios 2002 y 2018, relevados por el Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos. Se comparan e interpretan los resultados censales a partir del nivel subprovincial (departamentos y partidos) y de las distintas variables que refieren al turismo y la recreación que se ofrecen desde las explotaciones agropecuarias, o unidades estadísticas de estos censos particulares. El abordaje de esta temática no solo resulta del análisis de las fuentes enunciadas, sino también de la revisión de literatura especializada y, a nivel operativo, el uso de Sistema de Información Geográfica para la elaboración de cartografía temática. Como resultado fundamental se establece que, si bien el crecimiento general de la actividad turística y recreativa en los espacios rurales de Argentina es un hecho que señala la evidencia estadística oficial, el decrecimiento en determinados sectores del mapa nacional también lo es.
PLURALITAS MAKNA DALAM “BEN GO TUN” KARYA SAINI K. M. MELALUI SEMIOTIKA BARTHESIAN
Authors: Lahpan Neneng Yanti Khozanatu
Published: February 2023

This article discusses one of Saini K.M’s drama plays entitled Ben Go Tun (1977), which was published in a book titled Five Witnesses (1999, 2000). The play is regarded as one of the best texts written by this senior playwright, which emphasizes on social problems and inequality in the setting of the New Order Era. Through literature studies and Barthesian's semiotic approach, this paper intends to explore various meanings in the text, in which a literary work is seen as a plural sign system. In its analysis processes, this approach follows a number of steps or procedures that include: 1) the division of the text into units of analysis (lexia), 2) the interpretation of lexias, and 3) a list of codes and their interpretations. Through hermeneutic, semic, symbolic, proairetic, and cultural codes, a number of interpretations are obtained, which illustrate that in the Ben Go Tun manuscript, there are some voices and perspectives in seeing the problems that arise in the story. The drama script is very dynamic in presenting the characters. It also presents various social criticisms with symbols that appear in diverse characters.
Tradisi Rabu Wekasan dalam Persepsi Milenial
Authors: Fafi Masiroh  , Rikha Zulia  , Azkia Shofani Aulia
Published: February 2023

The Rabu Wekasan tradition deal with islamic values because it was made from the assimilation of Javanese and Islamic cultures. The implementation of The Rabu Wekasan tradition gives pro and contra from various circles, this condition impend continuity of the tradition. The cultural action need to be carried out through society participation, especially millennials as the next generation of this country have to save the Rabu Wekasan traditions and rituals. The  information about millennial perceptions of The Rabu Wekasan tradition is very important to explore as a reference about the next actions of them in continuity of The Rabu Wekasan tradition. This study aims to tell the history of The Rabu Wekasan tradition and to analyze the perceptions of the Semarang State University Faculty of Social Sciences students as millenials about The Rabu Wekasan tradition. This research was conducted through observation, interviews, questionnaires and literature study. Sources of data collected are reduced, analyzed then concluded. The results show that The Rabu Wekasan tradition have a beginning from the worship of the Javanese people which then developed into a tradition. This is supported by it name which comes from the Javanese language. Millennial perceptions of The Rabu Wekasan tradition are positive, based on 100 students, 91% said that The Rabu Wekasan tradition is important to take care of, 82% felt responsible for take care of, 75% answered that the tradition is useful because it is a local identity and rich in meaning of life.
[Tradisi Rabu Wekasan berkaitan erat dengan nilai-nilai Islam karena lahir dari asimilasi budaya Jawa dan Islam. Tradisi Rabu Wekasan dalam pelaksanaannya menuai pro dan kontra di berbagai kalangan, sehingga mengancam kelestarian tradisi tersebut. Gerakan kultural perlu dilakukan melalui andil masyarakat khususnya milenial sebagai penerus bangsa untuk menjaga tradisi dan ritualnya. Informasi terkait persepsi milenial terhadap Rabu Wekasan sangatlah penting untuk digali dalam rangka menjaga kelestarian tradisi tersebut, dan juga sebagai acuan untuk mengetahui tindakan milenial selanjutnya dalam melestarikan Rabu Wekasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui sejarah Rabu Wekasan serta menganalisis persepsi mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Sosial (FIS) Universitas Negeri Semarang terhadap Rabu Wekasan. Penelitian dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, kuesioner dan studi pustaka. Sumber data yang terkumpul direduksi, dianalisis kemudian ditarik kesimpulan. Hasilnya didapatkan bahwa sejarah Rabu Wekasan berasal dari ibadah yang dilakukan masyarakat Jawa kemudian berkembang menjadi tradisi. Hal tersebut didukung dengan namannya yang berasal dari Bahasa Jawa. Persepsi milenial terhadap Rabu Wekasan merupakan persepsi positif, yang ditunjukkan dari 100 mahasiswa, 91% mengatakan bahwa Rabu Wekasan penting untuk dilestarikan, 82% merasa bertanggung jawab untuk melestarikan, 75% menjawab tradisi tersebut bermanfaat karena merupakan identitas lokal serta kaya akan pembelajaran dan makna hidup.]
Transplant Renal Vein Thrombosis Rescued in a Pediatric Patient Using Suction Thrombectomy
Authors: Batra Anjay , Pallister Zachary , Chung Jayer , Fuller Kelby , O'Mahony Christine , Galván N. Thao
Published: February 2023

Renal vein thrombosis after kidney transplant is a rare but potentially graft-threatening event. As sequelae of this complication can range from brief acute kidney injury to total graft failure, it is necessary to maintain close clinical observation postoperatively. If posttransplant renal vein thrombosis does occur, recanalization may be attempted with mechanical thrombectomy, suction thrombectomy, or explantation and reimplantation of the allograft. This is a novel report of the successful use of suction thrombectomy to treat renal vein thrombosis in a pediatric kidney transplant.
Serum Citrulline and Ornithine: Potential Markers of Coeliac Disease Activity
Authors: Douda Ladislav , Hyšpler Radomír , Mžik Martin , Vokurková Doris , Drahošová Marcela , Řeháček Vít , Čermáková Eva , Douda Tomáš , Cyrany Jiří , Fejfar Tomáš , Jirkovský Václav , Kopáčová Marcela , Kupková Blanka , Vašátko Tomáš , Tachecí Ilja , Bureš Jan
Published: February 2023

Introduction: To date, there is not generally accepted and universal indicator of activity, and functional integrity of the small intestine in patients with coeliac disease. The aim of our study was to investigate whether serum concentrations of the non-essential amino acids citrulline and ornithine might have this function. Methods: We examined serum citrulline and ornithine concentrations in a subgroup of patients with proven coeliac disease and healthy controls (blood donors). Results: A total of 94 patients with coeliac disease (29 men, mean age 53 ± 18 years; 65 women, mean age 44 ± 14 years) and 35 healthy controls (blood donors) in whom coeliac disease was serologically excluded (10 men, mean age 51 ± 14 years; 25 women, mean age 46 ± 12 years) were included in the study. Significantly lower concentrations of serum ornithine were found in patients with coeliac disease (mean 65 ± 3 μmol/L; median 63 μmol/L, IQR 34 μmol/L, p < 0.001). No statistically nor clinically significant differences were found in the citrulline concentrations between the study and control group. Conclusions: Serum ornithine (but not citrulline) may be useful for assessing the functional status of the small intestine in uncomplicated coeliac disease. Further studies involving more detailed analysis of dietary and metabolic changes in patients will be needed to reach definitive conclusions.
Are Digital Methods Sufficiently Successful in Colour Determination for Monolithic All-Ceramic Crowns?
Authors: Vavřičková Lenka , Kapitán Martin , Wurfel Eliška Charlotte
Published: February 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the visual assessment of tooth shade with the measurement using intraoral scanner (IOS) and spectrophotometer devices. Methodology: The colour for a single unit implant supported crown was measured visually, using IOS, and spectrophotometer. The results of the digital methods were compared with the visual measurement. Results: A complete colour match with the visual measurement was in 42.9% of cases for IOS, and in 33.3% of cases for spectrophotometry. The match in the colour value, hue, and chroma were in 61.9%, 95.2%, and 66.7% of cases, respectively, for the IOS; and in 61.9%, 61.9%, and 66.7% of cases, respectively, for the spectrophotometry. The differences between the IOS and spectrophotometry were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The most reliable method for tooth colour selection is the visual measurement by an experienced dentist. IOS and spectrophotometer can be used as an alternative method, however in both cases they should be verified using visual measurement.
Hybrid columellar strut using nasal crest bone of the maxilla and conchal cartilage for nasal tip stability in rhinoplasty for East Asian patients
Authors: Kim Min Young , Kim Dong Il , Shin Jeong Hun , Kim Jin Woo
Published: February 2023

Background Proper nasal tip projection and rotation are essential for an aesthetically pleasing nose. However, East Asians usually have thicker skin and underdeveloped nasal cartilage compared to Caucasians. Thus, techniques such as the septal extension graft, columellar strut graft, and L-shaped alloplastic implants have been introduced for additional nasal tip support and projection. However, no consensus exists regarding the optimal method.Methods A hybrid columellar strut made of an osteochondral graft recombined with the nasal crest of the maxilla and conchal cartilage was devised. In a cadaveric study, changes due to an external bending force of the hybrid strut and costal cartilage in the same dimension were measured. In a comparative study, we divided 20 subjects into two groups according to the material used for the columellar strut graft: a hybrid columellar strut (experimental group) and a double-layered conchal columellar strut (control group). Preoperative, 1-month postoperative, and 1-year postoperative anthropometric measurements were compared between groups.Results In the cadaveric study, the hybrid columellar strut showed superior mechanical strength. In the comparative study, the average 1-year postoperative change of the columellar labial angle was significantly smaller in the experimental group (–0.7°±1.16° vs. 2.2°±1.32°, P=0.015). The hybrid columellar strut showed superior postoperative nasal tip stability.Conclusions We devised a new hybrid columellar strut and confirmed its superior mechanical firmness and stability. Considering the suggested indications and contraindications, the hybrid columellar strut graft can be a new modality for tip plasty in East Asian rhinoplasty that can provide sufficient long-term nasal tip stability.
Complications and management of breast augmentation using two different types of fillers: a case series
Authors: Choi Woo Jung , Song Woo Jin , Kang Sang Gue
Published: February 2023

An advantage of breast augmentation with injectable fillers is that the desired size can be determined and achieved under local anesthesia with a short recovery time. However, a high complication rate is a critical disadvantage. Some fillers are challenging to remove, resulting in breast deformity and scarring. Five patients who underwent surgery to manage a foreign body in the breasts in 2021 were enrolled in this study. Two had copolyamide filler injections, while the other three had polyacrylamide hydrogel filler injections. A physical examination was performed, and preoperative and intraoperative photographs were obtained. Two patients underwent subcutaneous mastectomy because most of the filler had infiltrated into the normal breast tissue. In contrast, the other patients underwent filler removal and debridement because most of the filler had remained separate from the normal breast tissue. All patients who had a subcutaneous mastectomy and one who underwent only filler removal underwent immediate breast reconstruction with cohesive gel implants. The other patients rejected immediate reconstruction, and only filler removal was performed. All patients recovered without complications. We propose an algorithm for diagnosis and treatment based on our cases, which we hope can help clinicians manage the complications of filler injections for breast augmentation.
Extralesional cryotherapy combined with intralesional triamcinolone injections after keloid excision
Authors: Jwa Seung Jun , Won Jongmin , Suh Young Chul , Lee Won Jai
Published: February 2023

Background Keloid treatment is challenging because of the high likelihood of recurrence and a lack of definitive treatment combinations. The treatment of bulky and recurrent keloids is particularly difficult. We investigated the administration of extralesional cryotherapy (EL) in conjunction with intralesional (IL) triamcinolone (TA) injections as adjuvant therapy after surgical excision for the management of keloids.Methods Among all patients who visited our scar laser center between January 2016 and August 2017, 54 patients who underwent IL keloid excision with EL cryotherapy and IL TA injection as adjuvant therapy were included in this retrospective study. We examined sex, site, the number of cryotherapy sessions and TA injections, symptoms after surgery, and recurrence. The Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) was used as to quantify treatment outcomes.Results Among 54 cases of IL keloid excision, after an average of 6.26 cryotherapy sessions and IL TA injections as combined adjuvant treatment, the lesion was controlled without recurrence in 49 cases. Relapse occurred in five patients, requiring additional treatment and reoperation. For 49 patients with photographic data, the average VSS score before and after treatment improved from 10.1 to 5.0. In 17 patients in whom symptoms recurred after surgery, all symptoms were controlled and maintained with adjuvant therapy.Conclusions Initial direct surgical excision, followed by a combination of EL cryotherapy and IL TA injections, was shown to be effective in challenging cases of large and recurring keloids.