bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of simulated wave energy converter responses to focused waves
Authors: van Rij Jennifer , Yu Yi-Hsiang , Tran Thanh Toan
Published: September 2020

Focused waves are increasingly used as a design method to predict extreme loads for offshore structures, such as wave energy converters (WECs). However, the ability of computational methods to accurately simulate the prescribed focused waves and resulting wave structure interactions is not well validated. This study uses two computational fluid dynamic methods, WEC-Sim and STAR-CCM+, to evaluate the responses of two taut-moored WEC-like buoys to three different focused waves. WEC-Sim is a computationally efficient, mid-fidelity model, based on linearised potential flow theory. In contrast, STAR-CCM+ is a high-fidelity, three-dimensional, unsteady, Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes-based model. The two buoy geometries considered are a hemispherical-bottom cylinder and a truncated cylinder with a cylindrical moon pool. Three prescribed focused waves are generated in both codes, and the simulated displacements and mooring loads are obtained for each of the hydrodynamic bodies. The resulting STAR-CCM+ generated focused waves have approximately the same accuracy, in comparison with the analytic solution, as experimentally generated focused waves. The WEC-Sim simulated responses, when using viscous coefficients tuned to the measured displacements, are, on average, within 11.5% of experimentally measured values, whereas the STAR-CCM+ simulated responses are, on average, within 14.2% of the experimental values.
Investigation of methane fluxes from temporary cover of Xi’an Jiangcungou landfill, China
Authors: Wang Qiao , Fei Shuangke , Wang Liang , Bouazza Abdelmalek , Shen Siliang , Xie Haijian
Published: September 2020

Methane emissions from the Jiangcungou municipal solid waste landfill in China were examined using a static chamber. The monitoring results were compared firstly with those obtained from the California Landfill Methane Inventory Model (Calmim). The monitoring results show that average methane emission flux from the temporary cover is one to two orders of magnitude greater than those from the final cover and the working face. This is because the methane generation rate reaches its maximum at less than 1 year after the wastes were landfilled. The observed methane fluxes are comparable with those obtained by Calmim. The observed results are lower than those predicted by Calmim, which were 74.98 and 98.64 (g/m2)/day, respectively. The difference is reasonable because the results obtained by field monitoring are transient, while those simulated by Calmim are the average daily flux. Moreover, Calmim considers only one-dimensional gas transport through the cover and neglects lateral gas migration. The model results indicate that there is a strong seasonal variability due to the variation in rainfall amount in different months. The methane emission amount was greatly reduced with the increase in vegetation coverage due to the increase in the volumetric water content of the soil induced by the water retention capability of vegetation.
Thermal conductivity of nonwoven needle-punched geotextiles: effect of stress and moisture
Authors: Lahoori M. , Rosin-Paumier S. , Stoltz G. , Jannot Y.
Published: September 2020

This paper explores the use of geotextiles as insulation material for energy geostructures made of compacted soil. This work is based on measurements of the thermal conductivity of four nonwoven needle-punched geotextiles of varying thicknesses made from virgin or recycled fibres. These values were measured using the hot-plate method. Then, to assess the use of these geotextiles under a covering soil layer, compression tests were performed. For each sample, the relation between thickness and vertical stress was thus established. The thermal conductivities varied from 0.04 to 0.06 W/m/K depending on the geotextile type and the compression stress applied. Subsequent measurements focused on the thermal conductivity of a bilayer compacted soil plus geotextile. Results revealed a water migration towards the geotextile and therefore a larger thermal conductivity. These results highlighted the main importance of compression load and moisture environment in the use of geotextiles as insulation products.
Performance and design of modified geotextile tubes during filling and consolidation
Authors: Kim H. J. , Park T. W. , Dinoy P. R. , Kim H.S.
Published: September 2020

The performance of geotextile tubes is affected by many factors such as the pumping pressure, fill material and geotextile properties, and so on. Hence, obtaining hydraulic compatibility between geotextiles and fill materials containing a variety of coarse and fine particles – that is, silty sand – is complex. For this reason, the modified geotextile tube (MGT) was invented to optimize the filling and dewatering or consolidation performance of geotextile tubes. To assess the behavior of MGTs, experimentation and theoretical analysis were conducted. The MGT retention performance, filling time, and water pressure were evaluated through a geotextile bag experiment while the MGT geometry, tension force, strain, water content distribution, and consolidation performance, were investigated through a parametric study. The two-dimensional MGT solution presented in this study is based on a combination of various modeling concepts that were modified or extended to be able to sufficiently describe the MGT behavior. Results showed that the performance of geotextile tubes can be optimized in a variety of ways by interchanging the geotextile placement, by changing the circumferential lengths, and by using geotextiles with different properties. With the methods presented in this study, modified geotextile tube design is made possible.
Nadir Bir Konjenital Anomali, Frontal Ensefalosel: Vaka Sunumu
Authors: ONAT Taylan , BAŞER Emre , KARA Mustafa , YALVAÇ Ethem Serdar , DEMİR ÇALTEKİN Melike , AYDOĞAN KIRMIZI Demet
Published: September 2020

Ensefalosel, nöral tüp defektlerinin bir
varyantıdır. Yüzey ektoderminin nöral ektodermden gebeliğin 4. haftasında
yetersiz ayrılması, ensefalosellerin oluştuğu temel mekanizmadır. İnsidansı
canlı doğumlarda 1-3/1000’dir. Ensefalosellerin sınıflandırılması lezyon
bölgesine göre yapılmaktadır ve yapılan epidemiyolojik çalışmalar ensefalosel
tiplerinin görülme oranlarının ırklar  ve
coğrafi bölgeler arasında farklılık olduğunu göstermiştir. Frontal ensefalosel
batı ülkelerinde daha az sıklıkla görülen anterior ensefaloselin nadir görülen
bir örneğidir. Frontal ensefalosel yaşamla bağdaşabilen bir ensefalosel türü
olmasına rağmen ek anomali varlığında gebelik terminasyonu da aile ile beraber
değerlendirilmesi gereken bir konudur. Yirmi altı yaşında ve ilk gebeliği olan
hastanın gebeliğinin 18. haftasında frontal ensefalosel tanısı konuldu. Yapılan
ultrasonografik değerlendirmede ek anomali görülmeyen hastanın doğumu,
gebeliğinin 386/7. haftasında sezaryen ile gerçekleştirildi.
Designing and Implementing Gamification: GaDeP, Gamifire, and applied Case Studies
Authors: Klemke Roland , Antonaci Alessandra , Limbu Bibeg
Published: September 2020

Gamification aims at addressing problems in various fields such as the high dropout rates, the lack of engagement, isolation, or the lack of personalisation faced by Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC). Even though gamification is widely applied, not only in MOOCs, only few cases are meaningfully designed and empirically tested. The Gamification Design Process (GaDeP) aims to cover this gap. This article first briefly introduces GaDeP, presents the concept of meaningful gamification, and derives how it motivates the need for the Gamifire platform (as a scalable and platform-independent reference infrastructure for MOOC). Secondly, it defines the requirements for platformindependent gamification and describes the development of the Gamifire infrastructure. Thirdly we describe how Gamifire was successfully applied in four different cases. Finally, the applicability of GaDeP beyond MOOC is presented by reporting on a case study where GaDeP has been successfully applied by four student research and development projects. From both, the Gamifire cases and the GaDeP cases we derive the key contribution of this article: insights in the strengths and weaknesses of the Gamifire infrastructure as well as lessons learned about the applicability and limitations of the GaDeP framework. The paper ends detailing our future works and planned development activities.
Investigation of Wheat Germ and Oil Characteristics with Regard to Different Stabilization Techniques
Authors: Arslan Derya , Demir M. Kürşat , Acar Ayşenur , Arslan Fatma Nur
Published: September 2020

Research background. Utilization of wheat germ (WG) and wheat germ oil (WGO) is limited due to high enzymatic activity and unsaturated fatty acids and therefore stabilization techniques are needed to overcome this problem.
Experimental approach. In this study, the effects of stabilization methods (dry convective oven heating at 90 and 160 oC and microwave radiation under 180 W and 360 W output power, and steaming by autoclave) on both WG and WGO were evaluated.
Results and conclusions. Steaming caused the most dramatic changes on lipoxygenase, free fatty acids (FFA), DPPH radical scavenging activity, tocopherols and tocotrienols. The lowest peroxide values (PVs) were measured in oils of convectional heating (160 oC) and steaming treatments which were performed at temperatures above 100 oC. However, para-anisidine values (pAVs) of samples treated at higher temperatures were considerably greater than those of stabilized at lower temperatures. Oven heating at 160 oC was also one of the most effective treatments on inactivation of lipoxygenase coming after steaming. Steaming also induced a significant reduction in total tocopherols which was directly associated with the greater lost in β-tocopherol content. On the contrary γ- and δ-tocopherols and tocotrienol homologs were abundant with higher amounts in steam applied samples. α-Tocopherol and γ-tocotrienol were the most resistant isomers to stabilization processes.
Novelty and scientific contribution. This study shows that the high temperature oven heating method, which is widely used in the industry for thermal stabilization of wheat germ, does not provide an advantage in oxidative stability compared to steaming and microwave applications. Steaming delayed oxidation in germ, while further inhibiting lipoxygenase activity. Moreover, tocotrienols were more conservable. In industrial application, low power in microwave (180 W instead of 360 W), lower temperature in oven heating (90 instead of 160 oC) would be preferable.
Teaching is Not Always Easy: Mexican Pre-service English Teachers’ Beliefs on Teaching and Learning
Authors: Villarreal Ballesteros Ana Cecilia , Olave Moreno Irlanda , Flores Delgado Lizette Drusila
Published: September 2020

One of the main goals of language teacher education programs is to prepare professionals who can respond to the growing demands of society for quality instruction.  However, we often find that training in current theories and methods has limited impact on pre-service teachers’ long established beliefs and ultimately on their practice. The purpose of this qualitative interpretative study is to explore the conceptual metaphors (Lakoff and Johnson, 2008) used by pre-service teachers when writing their teaching philosophy as a way of unveiling their underlying cognitive mappings. We propose that making future teachers aware of the entrenched metaphors they use to talk about teaching and learning might be a first step in changing their observable behavior. The results of this study show that in spite of exposure to current theories on teaching and learning, pre-service teachers tend to keep outdated theories. This work in conjunction with other strategies will help teacher trainers to foster integration of current ideas about teaching and learning in their students and to recognize their role in improving language education.
Nerve tissue processing for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) v1
Authors: Biscola Natalia , Havton Leif
Published: September 2020

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies promote an improved understanding of functional studies and provide critical ultrastructural information. This document provide a step by step protocol to embed tissues for TEM analysis. First, the animals are transcardially perfused with 2% paraformaldehyde and 1.25% glutaraldehyde diluted in 0.12M Millonigs buffer (MB), pH 7.3, for 15-20 minutes. After dissection, the tissues are postfixed in the same fixative overnight at 4°C and then rinsed in MB 3 times for 30 minutes each. Embedding protocol includes osmication, dehydration, and embedding of tissues in plastic resin. The tissue blocks are trimmed and semithin sections (0.5μm) are obtained and stained with 1% toluidine blue solution. Light microscopy image capturing is performed at 100X magnification for detailed analysis.
Reduction of False Alarm Probability in the Measuring Node of the Hydroacoustic Monitoring System
Authors: Starodubtsev Pavel A. , Storozhok Evgeny A. , Alifanov Roman N.
Published: September 2020

The probability of a false alarm in the measuring unit of the hydroacoustic monitoring system can be reduced if the primary identification of the signal source is carried out. For this purpose, it is necessary to provide for the presence of noise portraits of targets in the database node. The signals from the pre-amplifier output of the measuring unit are compared with the signals stored in the database by calculating the standard deviation. The signal with the minimum deviation and its corresponding source are determined. Comparison of signals can be made by calculating the correlation function. This article presents the results of computer simulation of the primary classification unit of the measuring unit in the MATLAB&SIMULINK system. The compared signals are represented in the time domain
On the Determination of the Main Parameters of a Dam Compactor
Authors: Karimov Maksud S.
Published: September 2020

The article highlights the issues of determining the main parameters of a dam compactor of a mounted trencher for cutting temporary sprinklers. It also finds out the angle of advance of the compaction soil of the inner part of the ditch using a conical roller and the outer part of the ditch that determines the parameters of the ditch and working body
Psychological Make-up of Corrupt Officials Serving their Sentences in Confinement Institutions
Authors: Sochivko D.V. , Ganishina I.S. , Maryin M.I. , Sundukova V.V.
Published: September 2020

The article discusses the psychological make-up of corrupt officials serving their prison sentences in confinement institutions. We established that they are distinguished by the following qualities: attentiveness and persistence in attaining their personally significant goals, lack of straightforwardness in communication, machiavellism, distinct deviousness, slyness, insidiousness, cynicism, estrangement, emotional indifference, disregard for moral and ethical standards, tendency to manipulate and need to dominate others, aspiration for high social standing. The empirical study that we conducted in the places of imprisonment helped us to reveal the six-factor personality structure of a corrupt official. By the usage of cluster analysis the corrupted officials have been diagnosed to be of the venal personality type. On the one hand, individuals of this type are distinguished by the pronounced domination factor, on the other hand, the adequacy of their self-appraisal is low.
Adolescents' Perceptions of Deviant Behavior
Authors: Shulga T.I. , Dvoryanchikov N.V.
Published: September 2020

The study reveals peculiarities of perceptions which adolescents from different social groups have about deviant behavior. From the findings obtained in the examination of 80 adolescents using 5 methods, peculiarities were studied of how deviant behavior is viewed. It was revealed that the adolescents from the "normal" group have a more accurate picture of deviant behavior, whereas adolescents who were registered at juvenile affairs departments have an inadequate ideas about it, placing it close to delinquent behavior. External and internal causes were found which have negative impact on adolescents' views. External causes play the key role in the formation of an adolescent's personality and his/her views. Internal causes manifest in indifferent attitude to his/her studies, negative attitude towards the world, lack of trust in adults. In the absence of adolescents' awareness of the authority on the part of adults, obedience isn't a behavioral norm and means mental activity aimed to satisfy their own desires, ambitions and to belong to a group. Due to adolescents' personality specifics such as incomplete personality formation, non-constructive ways of resolving difficult situations, these specifics can be rated among the internal causes of adolescents' views about deviant behavior and of insufficient understanding of the consequences which this behavior leads to.
Milgram’s Experiment: Is it Worth to Multiply the Entities? Notes about the Article V.N. Pavlenko “S. Milgram’s Experiment through the Lens of Historical Psychology” (Social Psychology and Society, 2019. Vol. 10, no. 3, рр. 5—18)
Authors: Semechkin N.I.
Published: September 2020

The article V.N. Pavlenko “S. Milgram’s experiment through the lens of historical psychology” is one of the few attempts in the “post-Soviet space” of sincere and impartial analysis and understanding of american classical socio-psychological research. For this reason, the author’s work deserves attention and respect. At the same time because of logical and methodological miscalculations the article of V. Pavlenko, in my opinion, cannot be classified as successful. Why? About this in the “notes” below.
Malignant neoplasms of the heart, prevalence, weather mortality, median survival and survival of patients, taking into account the stage of diseases, localization and histological structure of tumors
Authors: Merabishvili Vakhtang M.
Published: September 2020

Malignant cardiac tumors are rare but dangerous tumors with a high mortality rate, not represented at the population level in any statistical collection. The study of its prevalence is possible only using the system of population cancer registries created in the world. Moreover, not at the regional level, only at the level of the federal district or the entire country. In 1993 we created the first in Russia Population-based Cancer Registry. In February 2019, it was possible to combine cancer registries of all 11 administrative territories of the North-West of Russia, with a population of more than 13 million inhabitants and a database of more than 1 million 100 thousand patients. It was only after the creation of the population cancer registry of the Northwestern Federal District that it became possible to study the patterns of prevalence and survival of patients in all tumor localizations, including, among other things, rare malignant cardiac tumors.
GR_EST: An OCTAVE/MATLAB Toolbox to Estimate Gutenberg–Richter Law Parameters and Their Uncertainties
Authors: Taroni Matteo , Selva Jacopo
Published: September 2020

The estimation of the earthquake size distribution parameters is one of the most important parts in any seismic hazard study. GR_EST toolbox is a source code written for OCTAVE/MATLAB (Eaton et al., 2019; MATLAB, 2019) that allows estimating these parameters in a proper way, including the estimation of the associated uncertainties. The toolbox contains functions to make the parameter estimation both for instrumental and historical seismic catalogs, also considering time-varying completeness for magnitudes. Different functional forms for the magnitude–frequency distribution and different strategies for the estimation of its parameters and relative uncertainty are included. To guide the seismologists into the use of this toolbox, a set of complete examples is provided, to be used as “how to” use cases.
2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Reveals Areas of Los Angeles That Amplify Shaking of High-Rises
Authors: Kohler Monica D. , Filippitzis Filippos , Heaton Thomas , Clayton Robert W. , Guy Richard , Bunn Julian , Chandy K. Mani
Published: September 2020

The populace of Los Angeles, California, was startled by shaking from the M 7.1 earthquake that struck the city of Ridgecrest located 200 km to the north on 6 July 2019. Although the earthquake did not cause damage in Los Angeles, the experience in high-rise buildings was frightening in contrast to the shaking felt in short buildings. Observations from 560 ground-level accelerometers reveal large variations in shaking in the Los Angeles basin that occurred for more than 2 min. The observations come from the spatially dense Community Seismic Network (CSN), combined with the sparser Southern California Seismic Network and California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program networks. Site amplification factors for periods of 1, 3, 6, and 8 s are computed as the ratio of each station’s response spectral values combined for the two horizontal directions, relative to the average of three bedrock sites. Spatially coherent behavior in site amplification emerges for periods ≥3  s, and the maximum calculated site amplifications are the largest, by factors of 7, 10, and 8, respectively, for 3, 6, and 8 s periods. The dense CSN observations show that the long-period amplification is clearly, but only partially, correlated with the depth to basement. Sites with the largest amplifications for the long periods (≥3  s) are not close to the deepest portion of the basin. At 6 and 8 s periods, the maximum amplifications occur in the western part of the Los Angeles basin and in the south-central San Fernando Valley sedimentary basin. The observations suggest that the excitation of a hypothetical high-rise located in an area characterized by the largest site amplifications could be four times larger than in a downtown Los Angeles location.
Portugueses em O cortiço e Emigrantes
Authors: Grangeia Mario Luis , Souza Daniel Moutinho
Published: September 2020

Este artigo apresenta uma análise comparada dos romances O cortiço (1890), do brasileiro Aluísio Azevedo, e Emigrantes (1928), do português Ferreira de Castro. O objetivo é identificar como portugueses que emigraram para o Brasil foram representados em personagens dessas obras. Constatou-se que a migração em O cortiço aparece como degeneração provocada pelo meio social e natural hostil do Brasil, conforme preceitos da estética naturalista. Sob efeito do sol, da pobreza e da paisagem humana brasileira, os portugueses ou enriquecem pelo roubo e pela exploração da mão de obra, inclusive escrava, ou se submetem a uma vida de vícios. Por outro lado, esse fluxo migratório aparece como miragem em Emigrantes, pois a possibilidade de enriquecimento na América se desvanece no confronto com a experiência concreta dos personagens. No estudo, são mobilizadas contribuições dos críticos Antonio Cândido, Eduardo Lourenço e Miguel Torga, além de estatísticas que contextualizam a imigração portuguesa no Brasil.
Cláudio Grugel do Amaral e Frei Bernardo de Brito
Authors: Topa Francisco
Published: September 2020

Resumo: Cláudio Grugel do Amaral (Rio de Janeiro, c. 1681-Lisboa, 1752) é um poeta luso-brasileiro cuja obra, reunida num volume manuscrito, ficou inédita. De conteúdo globalmente satírico, a sua poesia – cuja edição será apresentada no decurso de 2020 –constitui, pelo menos em parte, uma paródia de uma conhecida obra do quinhentismo português: Sílvia de Lizardo (1597), de Frei Bernardo de Brito (1569-1617). O artigo dá conta do diálogo entre o poeta brasileiro e o polígrafo português, tendo o cuidado deapresentar devidamente a desconhecida obra do primeiro.
Impressões (des)arquiviolíticas homo-bio-ficcionais da exterioridade
Authors: De Medeiros Pedro Henrique Alves , Dos Santos Edgar Cézar Nolasco
Published: September 2020

A partir da fronteira-sul, biolócus geoistórico e sobretudo epistemológico, a qual pensamos e erigimos nossas reflexões crivadas e atravessadas pelos nossos corpos fronteiriços e pelas nossas sensibilidades biográficas/locais de pesquisadores situados em um lócus periférico, buscaremos, assentados em uma teorização de caráter crítico-biográfico fronteiriço (NOLASCO, 2015), e em uma metodologia eminentemente bibliográfica, (des)arquivar o projeto da exterioridade homo-bio-ficcional do intelectual mineiro Silviano Santiago, essencialmente no que convém ao seu romance escrevivente Mil rosas roubadas (2014). Dessa forma, optamos por trabalhar com a impressão do arquivo do mal/da exterioridade (NOLASCO, 2018a) de Silviano na tentativa de abri-lo, (des)arquivá-lo. Ao fazê-lo, (des)arquivamos as nossas próprias histórias e sensibilidades. Subsidiados pelo discurso ensaístico crítico-biográfico fronteiriço, ao escrevermos e teorizarmos acerca desse projeto homo-bio-ficcional (des)arquivando-o, expomo-nos, sofremos de um mal. Nesse prisma, o espaço biográfico o qual nossas reflexões se aquilatam é da ordem dos afetos, das sensibilidades, da sobrevida, contudo, sempre respaldado pela distância, lugar reservado à crítica e à amizade política (NOLASCO, 2010)
SENS, Alex. Corações ruidosos em queda livre. Guaratinguetá
Authors: Hasmann Robson Batista dos Santos
Published: September 2020

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Gilberto Freyre, leitor de Luís de Camões
Authors: Vieira Anco Márcio Tenório
Published: September 2020

Este trabalho aborda o modo como Gilberto Freyre, a partir do seu olhar expressionista, emulou Luís de Camões. Rompendo as fronteiras entre o homem Luís de Camões e a sua obra, Freyre diluiu os limites que separam o autor do narrador, rompendo também as fronteiras entre o sujeito e o seu objeto de estudo. Desse modo, Freyre inscreve Camões e a sua obra em sua gramática sociológica e antropológica e, principalmente, o eleva ao panteão de um dos percussores do Lusotropicalismo.
Teatralizações femininas. Cecília Meireles e Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen
Authors: Scramim Susana
Published: September 2020

O objetivo desta reflexão é comparar as práticas de escrita de duas poetas, a saber, Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen e Cecília Meireles, com as traduções que fizeram, respectivamente, de Hamlet, Shakespeare, em 1987, e Orlando, Virgínia Woolf, em 1948. A partir da análise dessas traduções, comparadas a alguns poemas de ambas as poetas, pretende-se desenvolver a afirmação de Giorgio Agamben (2007) de que o poeta moderno elabora sua subjetividade sem deixar que esta fique marcada por um “lugar” ao qual ela devesse “retornar” em nome de uma originalidade primordial de sua palavra lírica. O sujeito decorrente desse processo está livre para viver esse momento presente no qual ele se encontra com sua incompletude e compreende que é feito de uma angústia analisável. Contemplar a linguagem é o modo de produzir subjetividades não essenciais. A tradução é um dos modos mais eficientes de se pensar a palavra. Sendo operada por deslocamentos incessantes, a prática da tradução é um interrogar-se sem cessar – e angustiadamente – pelo sentido da materialidade mesma da estrutura da palavra sem alcançar o sentido pleno do que é traduzido. A tradução faz surgir de um ato objetivo uma potência subjetiva, pois de seu vazio de conteúdo pode ser dito algo de novo.
Nota de Apresentação
Authors: Gagliardi Caio , Madanêlo Raquel , Pessôa Silvana
Published: September 2020

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PHENANTHROIMIDAZOLE-AZO DERIVED POLYMER BASED FLUORESCENCE SENSOR DESIGN FOR MONITORING OF Fe (III) IONS
Authors: GÜLLE Sibel , ÇELİK ERBAŞ Seçil
Published: September 2020

Dye doped polymer films which are sensitive to Fe (III) ions have been developed for using in the aqueous medium. PVC films were obtained by spreading the cocktail mixture onto a mylar film used as a supporting material. PMMA films were prepared with solvent casting method. Cation responses were examined for two different polymer films. Emission bands were obtained at different concentrations of Fe (III) ions. Because polymer films had the highest response to them. The calibration graphics were plotted for emission values at different Fe (III) concentrations. Besides, interference effects of Cr (III) and Fe (II) ions to Fe (III) ions were studied. Additionally, regeneration studies were carried out to examine application properties of the dye doped polymer films developed as a sensor for Fe (III) cations.
HEIGHT AND ATTITUDE CONTROL OF A QUADROTOR UAV VIA DISCRETE-TIME BACKSTEPPING
Authors: ADIGÜZEL Fatih , MUMCU Tarık Veli
Published: September 2020

In this study, we focus on control of height and attitude of a quadrotor via a backstepping control method in discrete-time setting. Firstly, the mathematical model of the quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle is introduced and the mathematical system equations are evaluated to discretize with the standard Euler discretization. Afterward, the designed backstepping control has been considered in one structure that derives the outputs of height and attitude subsystems to desired trajectories, respectively. Then, the proposed discrete-time backstepping controllers have individually shown the stability of the closed-loop system for z position and roll, pitch, yaw angle dynamics the sense of Lyapunov and by Barbalat’s lemma. In order to shown the effectiveness of the obtained controllers for height and attitude subsystems, computer simulation studies have been presented by being compared with the traditional control method PD and satisfactory results have been obtained.
Anti-mining conflicts and degrowth
Authors: Gerber Julien-François
Published: September 2020

Is there a collective alternative vision emerging from the thousands of people involved in mining conflicts worldwide? Are the people involved in such conflicts promoters and practitioners of more sustainable economies? And if they oppose predatory forms of economic growth, aren’t they the ‘natural allies’ of the degrowth movement? Examining these questions will be crucial for understanding the changing nature of commodity frontiers and their eventual possible dissolution.
Events and announcements
Authors: Bernardi Claudia
Published: September 2020

The focus of this issue is mineral frontiers. Announcements below are for research schools, workshops, social movement calls for action, conferences, exhibitions, and calls for papers from various regions of our planet for fostering debate about mineral frontiers, extractivism, environmental humanities, ecologies, and other issues.
A study on abuse of topical corticosteroids in patients who attended dermatology venerology leprosy outpatient department
Authors: Sarathi R. , Christypriya A. , Kaviarasan P. K. , Mohanta Guru Prasad
Published: September 2020

Background: Topical corticosteroids (TCs) are widely used in the patients affected with dermatoses. Abuse of these agents may cause severe adverse effects. Aim of the study was to study the abuse of TCs in patient who attend Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprosy (DVL) outpatient department. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in department of DVL at Rajah Muthiah Medical college, Tamil Nadu during the period of six months from November 2018 to April 2019. The patients were enrolled for the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: Totally 50 patients with adverse drug reactions (ADRs) by the abuse of TCs were enrolled for the study. It was found that TCs were abused in all ages and equally in both genders. Nearly 72% of the people used TCs for Tinea infection and 20% of the people used TCs for acne vulgaris. Very high potent TCs such as betamethasone and beclomethasone were abused by 55% of the patient. Tinea incognito (TI) was found as common ADRs by the abuse of TCs (74%). Nearly 88% of the people bought TCs from pharmacies without prescription. Sixteen brands were found as easily accessible and affordable for the patients. Medication adherence were increased by 60% after the patient counselling.Conclusion: This study concludes, TI was found as a common ADR in patients who abused TCs such as betamethasone, beclomethasone and clobetasol. High potent TCs should not be allowed to dispense without prescription. Withdrawal of TCs will reduce the risk of ADRs.
Prediction of Hotspots in Riau Province, Indonesia Using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Model
Authors: Abdul Kadir Evizal , Ezzati Dayana Nur , Listia Rosa Sri , Othman Mahmod , Saian Rizauddin
Published: September 2020

Various forms of disasters occur worldwide, one of which is fire. Indonesia has been suffering from frequent land and forest fires. These events are not a new phenomenon and seem to be an annual tradition, especially in the dry season. This nation was most affected by an excessively disastrous forest fire in 2015. The misfortunes suffered were massive and resulted in land and forest damage that may have great economic and environmental costs. One solution to reduce the impacts of such events is to predict the emergence of hotspots. Therefore, in this work, a modeling method using time series produced by the Box-Jenkins' Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was used to predict the appearance of hotspots. Since the forecasting system does not expect any detailed form to be predicted in terms of the time series of historical data, the data demonstrated in the proposed model were different from data from other models used for prediction. The study was conducted based on monthly hotspot occurrence data from January 2014 through June 2019 in Riau Province, Indonesia. The data were downloaded from the collection of the "LAPAN-MODIS-Catalog". Based on the results shown, the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model (2,1,2) produced good predictions based on its lowest value of Mean Squared Error (MSE), 9540.088. Moreover, the proposed model has produced highly accurate forecasts of hotspots for time periods of up to five months using the fitting model of ARIMA (2,1,2), and the values forecasted for 5 months ahead were 25, 31, 26, 30 and 27.
Pharmacokinetics and Toxicokinetics Roles of Membrane Transporters at Kidney Level
Authors: Veiga-Matos Jéssica , Remião Fernando , Motales Ana
Published: September 2020

Transporters are large membrane proteins, which control the passage of various compounds through biological membranes. These proteins are divided into uptake and efflux transporters and play an important role in the toxicokinetics of many endobiotics and xenobiotics. The uptake transporters facilitate the absorption of these compounds from the blood into the proximal tubular cells, while the efflux transporters eliminate these compounds into tubular fluid (urine). Overall, the uptake is performed by the superfamily solute carrier (SLC) transporters, which are, mostly, located in the basolateral membrane. The organic anion transporters (OATs; SLC22), the organic cation transporters (OCTs; SLC22), the organic cation/carnitine transporters (OCTNs), and the organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP; SLC21/SLCO) are some examples of uptake transporters of the SLC superfamily. On the other hand, the superfamily ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters carry out the elimination of the substances through the apical membrane of the proximal tubular cells. The multidrug resistance proteins 1 (MDR; ABCB), the multi resistance protein (MRP2; ABCC) and the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG) along with the multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE), which is an SLC transporter, carry out the substance efflux of the cell, However, uptake transporters seem to be more efficient than efflux transporters, leading to an accumulation of compounds in proximal tubular cells and, consequently, to renal damage. The accumulation of compounds can also occur due to variations in the number of transporters that exist due to differences in sex, age, genetic polymorphisms and epigenetics. Furthermore, some substances can inhibit, induce or, eventually, activate these transporters, with consequent drug-drug interactions (DDIs) as a result of alterations on the toxicokinetics of xenobiotics, leading to an increase of their accumulation and, consequently, to renal damage. These compounds may be exogenous, such as antibiotics, antivirals, cisplatin, metals, herbicides, mycotoxins and drugs; or endogenous, like uric acid, bile acids, bilirubin conjugates and conjugated steroids. Thus, in this review, we will focus on the accumulation of exogenous compounds due to variations on renal transporters and the consequent biological effects caused by them.
BENCHMARKING DE INDICADORES DE QUALIDADE E DIMENSIONAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE ENFERMAGEM ENTRE UNIDADES HOSPITALARES
Authors: Campos de Oliveira João Lucas , Cadore Weis Maia Margani , Müller de Magalhães Ana Maria , Rodrigues Moraes Rúbia Marcela , Dornelles Santarem Michelle , De Oliveira Aquino Thamyres Laiz , De Cassia da Silva Samanta
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: realizar benchmarking interno de indicadores de qualidade e do dimensionamento de pessoal de enfermagem entre unidades de internação hospitalar. Método: estudo transversal. Foram levantados/avaliados nove indicadores de qualidade por sítios de observação nas unidades de internação em clínica médica (n=450) e cirúrgica (n=274) de hospital público do Centro-Oeste, Brasil, além da aplicação de Sistema de Classificação de Pacientes, para o dimensionamento de pessoal. Empregou-se análise estatística descritiva (no dimensionamento) e inferencial (para os indicadores). Resultados: houve diferença significativa (p-valor<0,0001) na conformidade da identificação do leito (melhor na unidade cirúrgica) e de acessos venosos (melhor na internação clínica). A classificação da qualidade foi equânime. A clínica médica apresentou déficit de enfermeiros (-11). Conclusão: a qualidade assistencial – mediada à métrica dos indicadores – foi equânime entre os setores de internação e o dimensionamento de pessoal foi discrepante, em virtude do evidente déficit de enfermeiros, dada à maior complexidade assistencial na clínica médica.

Descritores: Benchmarking. Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde. Dimensionamento. Gestão da Qualidade. Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem no Hospital. Pesquisa em Administração de Enfermagem.
Association of Subpubic Angle Measurement with Age and Gender in a Group of Adult Sudanese Patients
Authors: Awad Khalid , Mohammed Rabab
Published: September 2020

Background: The measurement of the subpubic angle (SPA) has been used for determining gender with a high degree of accuracy in various ethnic groups. This measurement can also be helpful in forensic and physical anthropology. The aim of this study was to compare the SPA in different adult age groups (males and females) and to use the SPA to estimate the demarking point (DP) for the determination of gender.
Methods: This study included 158 subjects – 59 male and 99 female. The SPA was measured electronically using antero-posterior pelvis X-rays. Measurements were taken retrospectively using the Picture Archiving and Communication System.  SPA measurements were compared between the male and female participants  in different adult age groups. To determine the gender, the DP was calculated from the means of SPA in male and female participants.  
Results: A comparison of the means of SPA between males and females showed that females (134.94 ± 15.33º)  had wider SPA than males (105.88 ± 10.33) with a significant difference (P = 0.012). While a DP > 126.5 is most likely indicative of a female pelvis, a DP < 104.3 is indicative of a male pelvis. The accuracy levels based on the measured DP of participants in this study were 45.8% and 69.7% for males and females, respectively. Besides, with regards to age, the mean values for different age groups in males and females were statistically insignificant (P-values were 0.21 and 0.75, respectively).  
Conclusions: According to the obtained results, the variations in the measurements of the SPA from pelvic X-rays can be used to determine gender. The calculated SPA range and DP were found to predict female gender with higher accuracy. Age was not associated with any notable differences in SPA measurements.
Keywords: subpubic angle, pelvis, Sudanese, sex differences
Hematological parameters in apparently Healthy Eritrean blood donors at the National Blood Transfusion Center, Asmara, Eritrea.
Authors: Abdon Faris , Adgoy Elias , Berhane Nahom , Ibrahim Senet , Khalil Adil , Seyoum Yemani , Abbadi Osama
Published: September 2020

Introduction: This study was done to measure the Hemoglobin levels, Red Blood Cells count, and Red Blood cell parameters: MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, and Hematocrit of the apparently healthy blood donors attending the National Blood Bank of Eritrea.
Methods: Blood samples were collected from the peripheral veins into the (EDTA)-tube and examined for Red Blood Cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), Hematocrit (%), mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and red cell distribution width (RDW), analyzed and measured by automated blood analyzer.
Results: The mean Hemoglobin level was 14.428±1.485 g/dl, RBCs count was 4.744±0.482×1012/L, HCT was 41.929 ±3.75%, Red cell distribution width (RDW) mean was 13.571±0.744%, MCV was 88.582± 4.0558 Fimtoliter, MCH was 30.470±2.188 picogram, and MCHC was a mean of 34.393±1.347g/dl. The difference between males and females in MCV and MCHC was significant in favor of female donors. And a weak positive correlation had been found between the weight and age of donors and the Hemoglobin level. All the measured values were found to be within the global referenced ranges.
Conclusion: Hemoglobin, RBCs count and RBCs indices of apparently healthy Eritrean blood donors were measured for reference, and all values were found within normal reference ranges.
The best time of completion thyroidectomy in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: A review of literature
Authors: O. Mirghani, MD, MSc Hyder
Published: September 2020

Background: Completion thyroidectomy is performed for high-risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma; however, the timing of the completion thyroidectomy is a matter of controversy. The current review aimed to assess the best time for completion thyroidectomy in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
Methods: An electronic search was conducted in various databases, such as Pub Med, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Medline, for relevant articles assessing the timing of completion thyroidectomy from the first published article to October 2019.  Keywords, “completion thyroidectomy” and “timing” were used. The search was limited to articles published in the English language. Among the 190 articles retrieved, only 11 fulfilled the inclusion criteria.
Results: Of the 11 articles included, two were from Europe, one from Africa, one from Australia, and seven from Asia, and all were retrospective studies with the mean duration of studies being 12.71 ± 12.31 years.  Five studies (45.5%) showed no effect of timing on the outcomes, two (18.2%) recommended both early and late operation, another two (18.2%) concluded that late operation is better, one (9.1%) found that early surgery is better, while one study (9.1%) stated that the timing of operation should be based on the category of the patient.
Conclusions: The results were mixed with some studies recommending late completion thyroidectomy, some observing that both early and late thyroidectomy are safe, while some finding no effect of time on the completion thyroidectomy. Well-designed controlled trials will resolve the issue.
Keywords: early completion thyroidectomy, late thyroidectomy, timing
La Ley Helms-Burton y la respuesta europea a sus efectos extraterritoriales
Authors: Iriarte Ángel José Luis
Published: September 2020

Recientemente se ha levantado la suspensión de la aplicación del Título III de la Ley Helms-Burton. Este artículo pretende analizar esta Ley deteniéndose especialmente en el citado Título, para posteriormente abordar las primeras resoluciones judiciales que se han dictado en los litigios suscitados a su amparo. Además, en España se ha planteado una demanda respecto de un supuesto paralelo a los que contempla el Título III de la Ley Helms-Burton; a este respecto se estudian críticamente los motivos por los que se ha declarado la falta de competencia judicial internacional de los Tribunales españoles para enjuiciar el litigio. Finalmente se analiza el estatuto de bloqueo de la Unión Europea con el que ésta ha pretendido proteger a los operadores de la UE frente a las Secondary Sanctions de Estados Unidos. Se trata de un instrumento legal de eficacia limitada, que protege a los bienes situados en territorio de la Unión, pero no a los que se encuentran fuera de la misma. Igualmente, el derecho a recibir una compensación por los daños derivados de las sanciones extraterritoriales norteamericanas se va a ver muchas veces restringido en la práctica.Recibido: 20 abril 2020Aceptado: 21 mayo 2020Publicación en línea: 30 septiembre 2020
El cine como modelo de realidad: análisis de “Él” (Luis Buñuel, 1953)
Authors: Hernández Toledano Esmeralda , Arias Luis Martín
Published: September 2020

Toda película susceptible de ser analizada puede ser considerada como un modelo de realidad. Y toda película –o toda buena película– es un documento de nuestro propio psiquismo, de las fantasías que constituyen nuestra subjetividad. Para ilustrar esta hipótesis, hemos elegido como objeto de estudio “El”, de Luis Buñuel, película rodada en México en 1953. Nuestro objetivo principal es llevar a cabo, teniendo en cuenta la Teoría de las “Funciones del Lenguaje”, un análisis textual de lo que de ‘poético’ hay en la película, descartando las otras funciones lingüísticas, la científica y la ideológica; considerando que la imagen ha de ser pensada en tanto que componente esencial del Lenguaje.
Black Mirror: El espejo que nos mira
Authors: Sorrivas Nicolás
Published: September 2020

El propósito del presente texto es analizar la innovación y la crítica social que realiza la serie británica Black Mirror, instalando la idea del mal uso que la sociedad contemporánea hace de las nuevas tecnologías. Además, se propondrá una lectura de cómo es la representación que hace esta serie de los desarrollos tecnológicos alrededor de la imagen (las redes sociales, la realidad virtual, entre otras).