bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seismic Waves Penetrating the Earth’s Core: Analysis of Parameter Variations
Authors: Ovtchinnikov V.M. , Usoltseva O.A.
Published: December 2023

––The wavefield structure is studied from explosions within the Mururoa atoll based on seismic records from four stations (BCAO, KAAO, GRFO, BRVK) located at distances 152.1º, 152.4º, 143.6º, 141.7º, respectively. The cross-correlation analysis was used as the main tool of the similarity of explosion seismograms conducted at different times. It has been concluded that changes in correlation similarity in time are reconcilable with the hypothesis of differential rotation of the Earth’s inner core in the period from 1977 to 1991. The evidence of structural anomalies not only in the inner core but also in the outer core has been demonstrated.
Socio-economic initiative in the sustainable development of Ural Cities
Authors:   Moscow City University, TRUBINA Natalia , AKSYUTINA Yulia ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, PAZDNIKOVA Natalia ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, ZOLOTAREV Maxim ,   Moscow City University
Published: December 2023

The article considers the initiative budgeting of Ural cities as one of the mechanisms of sustainable development of territories with the participation of citizens. Mountainous areas have a range of geographical, climatic, infrastructural and other features, which determined the process of legitimizing initiative budgeting in such areas. The purpose of the study is to analyze the implementation of the practices of initiative budgeting in the mountainous regions of the Perm Region as a mechanism of socio-economic initiative of citizens in the sustainable development of the cities of the Urals. To achieve the purpose of the study, the following methods were used: system analysis, collection and analysis of scientific literature, regulatory legal documentation and reports of the Ministry of Territorial Development of the Perm Region. The methodology of competitive selection of initiative budgeting projects and determination of the volume and sources of financing for the implementation of projects is presented. The directions for improving the implementation of the practices of initiative budgeting for the sustainable development of the territory of mountainous areas have been identified. As a result of testing the methodology, up-to-date statistics were obtained on the volume of regional financing of initiative budgeting projects and on the number of projects submitted to the regional competition that affect the sustainable development of these territories. For the development of initiative, budgeting, built-in financing mechanisms are needed. The research results can be useful in organizing organizational forms of support for initiative budgeting at the level of cities and regions with similar specifics of development.
Modeling and control of parameters of flow technologies with local hydraulic transport and coal dewatering based on analysis of the structure of the tunneling cycle
Authors:   Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources Russian Academy of Sciences, DMITRAK Yuriy , ATRUSHKEVICH Victor ,   Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources Russian Academy of Sciences, KRAVTSOV Alexey ,   Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The article discusses the issues of modeling various variants of flow line tunneling technologies based on an analysis of the structure of the tunneling cycle. Materials and methods. As research methods, the authors used: analysis of the structures of the tunneling cycle of continuous mining technologies, mathematical modeling of processes and operations, and industrial testing of options for implementing the proposed technological tunneling systems. Results. The results obtained during the implementation of the economic and mathematical model for the variant of the flow technology presented above showed that the following parameters of the technological scheme are optimal: technical productivity of the combine – 1.1 m3/min; process water consumption – 200 m3/h; number of drilling rigs – 2; the number of miner units is 6. The speed of development with these parameters of the flow technological scheme will be 880 m3/month, the labor productivity of miners is 14.8 m3/person during the work shift. Conclusion. The article summarizes the results of research on the development, justification of parameters and implementation of various options for in-line technologies for carrying out inclined workings with a hydraulic slope for various purposes for a wide range of conditions of their application. Resume. Implementation of the model proposed by the authors made it possible to determine the primary area of application of the considered version of the flow technology for carrying out preparatory workings in relation to the mining and geological conditions of the Kuzbass mines. Variants of the considered technological schemes for carrying out workings were implemented during the mining of reserves of the Anzherskaya-Yuzhnaya-3 mine, during the underground mining of reserves of the Listvyansky and Kedrovsky open-pit mines located in the Kemerovo region of the Russian Federation and the implementation of a project for the combined mining of a graphite deposit in middle Vietnam.Suggestions for practical application and direction for future research. The materials of the article may be useful for scientific and design organizations, coal mining enterprises in modeling and implementing precision mining technologies.
Incident Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury and Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementia: Longitudinal Case and Control Cohort Study
Authors: Mahmoudi Elham , Lin Paul , Rodriguez Gianna , Kamdar Neil , Cigolle Christine , Tate Denise
Published: December 2023

Background: Prevalent traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) is associated with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD).
Study Design: Retrospective case/control longitudinal cohort study
Objective: To examine the hazard ratio for ADRD after incident TSCI. We hypothesized that ADRD hazard is greater among adults with incident TSCI compared with their matched control of adults without TSCI.
Setting: Using 2010-2020 U.S. national private administrative claims data, we identified adults aged 45 years and older with probable (likely and highly likely) incident TSCI (n=657). Our controls included one-to-ten matched cohort of people without TSCI (n=6,553).
Methods: We applied Cox survival models and adjusted them for age, sex, years of living with certain chronic conditions, exposure to six classes of prescribed medications, and neighborhood characteristics of place of residence. Hazard ratios were used to compare the results within a 4-year follow-up.
Results: Our fully adjusted model without any interaction showed that incident TSCI increased the risk for ADRD (HR=1.30; 95% CI: 1.01-1.67). People aged 45-64 with incident TSCI were at high risk for ADRD (HR=5.14; 95% CI:2.27-11.67) and no significant risk after age 65 (HR=1.20; 95% CI: .92-1.55). Our sensitivity analyses confirmed a higher hazard ratio for ADRD after incident TSCI at 45-64 years of age compared with the matched controls.
Conclusion: Incident TSCI increased the hazard for ADRD for people aged 45-64 at the time of injury. This study informs the need to update clinical guidelines such as cognitive screening and cognitive rehabilitation to preserve cognition or slow the potential progression of ADRD.
Wear behaviors of PcBN milling insert in high-speed dry milling nodular cast iron
Authors: Ma Hong-Liang , Sun Bao Jun , Zhang Jia-Hao
Published: December 2023

Nodular cast iron is an important material for internal combustion engines inside automobiles and tractors. However, its poor machinability, low efficiency, and severe tool wear during cutting limit the application to a certain extent. In this paper, a novel type of uncoated and coated PcBN milling inserts (C-PcBN) are used for high-speed dry milling nodular cast iron. The effects of the cutting speed on the wear characteristics, mechanisms, and service life of the milling inserts are systemically investigated by comparing the counterparts of cemented carbide milling inserts (C-YG) with the same model and coating. Additionally, the relationships between cutting speed and the cutting force, temperature, system vibration, and service life are analyzed. The results revealed that the cutting speed has a significant influence on the cutting performance of the three milling inserts. PcBN and C-PCBN are superior to C-YG milling inserts in cutting performance with small wear amount, long service life, and low machining surface roughness value at high speed (more than 400 mm/min).
New iEcology Records and Range Extension for the Clown Wedgefish, Rhynchobatus cooki
Authors: McDavitt Matthew , Simeon Benaya
Published: December 2023

A search of social media posts yielded 11 new landing range records for the poorly known and critically endangered Clown Wedgefish, Rhynchobatus cooki, comprised of four additional records from Dabo, Singkep, Riau Islands Regency, and six records extending the identified geographic range for the species to islands of the Meranti and Bengkalis Regencies in the Riau Province of Sumatra, Indonesia.
Characterization and Statistical Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste for Recognising Suitable Waste Management Approach: A Case Study in the Semi-Urban Region of Thanamandi, J&K, India
Authors: Bhat Amreen , alam pervez , Rather Nasir A. , Islam Shahid Ul
Published: December 2023

Solid waste is any material that is solid and has been discarded by the owner or user for being useless. According to estimates, 2.24 billion tonnes of solid garbage will be produced worldwide and 6–8 tonnes in the study area by the year 2024. Therefore, it is important to manage solid waste in a scientific manner. Thus, this study aims are to estimate the MSW generation rate in Thanamandi town, including the composition and statically represent the data obtained and possible solid waste management approach. It has been observed from the obtained result that 0.44kg per/c/day of solid waste has been generated from the study area out which vegetable waste is maximum followed by food waste and plastic. The obtained results of characterization of solid waste further used for development of interpolation maps. It suggested that recyclable waste has been generated in the area where high income group people are living in comparison to moderate- or lower-income groups. In addition, statistical analysis shows strong interrelation between vegetable and food waste as well as paper waste and plastic waste. Thus, to manage solid waste in the study area a holistic approach to solid waste management is required to deal with mixture of vegetable and food waste i.e., organic matter.
Study on synthesis of polycarbonate dilate polyurethane elastomers
Authors: Pang Jiahong , Zhong Jiachun , Pu Zejun , Yang Kaijie , Yang Yuhao , Yue Mengjie , Wu Linkai
Published: December 2023

Polyurethane (PU) elastomer was synthesized from the polycarbonate diol (PCDL) and isoflurone diisocyanate (IPDI) in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent by the prepolymer method. The structure and molecular weight of PCDL manufactured in laboratory were characterized and the effect of the ratio of isocyanate group to hydroxyl group (R value) on the structure and properties of PU elastomer was investigated. The structural characterization of PCDL demonstrated that the structure of PCDL was consistent with the theoretical structure, and that the molecular weight was 3330. FI-IR proved that PU elastomer was successfully prepared in this experiment. When R value is equal to 1.0, the elongation at break reaches the maximum of 646.2%, and decreases with the increase of R value. Also, the transmittance reaches the highest of 90.0%, and it decreases with the increase of R value. When R value is equal to 1.3, the maximum tensile strength of PU elastomer reaches 23.90 MPa, and the maximum Td5% reaches 296.0°C. When R value is equal to 1.4, the lowest Td5% is 289.0°C, and the transmittance is also the lowest, reaching 70%. The glass transition temperature of hard chain (Tgh) is up to 64.2°C and decreases with the decrease of R value. However, glass transition temperature of soft chain (Tgs) shows little change with the increase of R value, which is about − 30°C.
Ultrasound super-resolution imaging of neonatal cerebral vascular reorganization during neurovascular interventions
Authors: Knieling Ferdinand , Schmarz Simone , Denis Louise , Nedoschill Emmanuel , Buehler Adrian , Danko Vera , Mandelbaum Henriette , Nuñez Francisco Brevis , Dürr Nikola , Schlunz-Hendann Martin , Brassel Friedhelm , Felderhoff-Müser Ursula , Wölfle Joachim , Jüngert Jörg , Dohna-Schwake Christian , Bruns Nora , Regensburger Adrian , Couture Olivier , Reutter Heiko , Hilger Alina
Published: December 2023

During the first days of neonatal growth, the central nervous system (CNS) develops self-regulatory mechanisms to ensure constant cerebral perfusion. However, this vascular neogenesis takes place at a microscopic scale that cannot be observed with current clinical imaging techniques. Ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) allows us to observe micro-vessels of the order of a few microns at depths of several centimeters. This can be done using conventional clinical ultrasound scanners and contrast sequences (CEUS). In this study, we used ULM to observe the human microvasculature in neonatal patients undergoing treatment for life-threatening malformations forming direct connections between the cerebral arterial and venous systems. We observed that neuroendovascular treatment of neonatal arteriovenous malformations caused remodeling and reorganization of the cerebral vasculature by also activating corticomedullary vascular connections. ULM has thus enabled us to follow microstructural vascular changes in human neonates with high spatio-temporal resolution. ULM may provide a novel clinical translatable tool, particularly including cerebral imaging in very young patients. One-Sentence Summary: Ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) reveals vascular reorganization in human neonates after catheter-based treatments.
Exploring the difficulties in forecasting earthquake location with inhomogeneous ionospheric perturbations
Authors: BISWAS SAGARDWEEP , Hayakawa Masashi
Published: December 2023

Earlier studies have recorded seismic effects in sub-ionospheric Very Low Frequency (VLF) signal, predominantly examining a single VLF propagation path associated with a specific earthquake. This research expands on these findings by taking a more advanced setup. Using Japan's VLF network with eight stations nationwide and a single transmitter signal from JJI (22.2 kHz), our study examines four earthquakes, each with a magnitude over 6, happening near VLF network locations. Chosen earthquakes are Iwaki on July 11, 2014, Aomori prefecture on August 10, 2014, Ogasawara on May 30, 2015, and Makurazaki on November 13, 2015. Three are shallow and close to land, but deliberately included are one deep oceanic quake (Ogasawara) at 664 km depth and one occurring under pre-geomagnetic storm conditions six days before (Makurazaki). We examine nighttime VLF signal distortion during the earthquake events and investigate the presence of atmospheric gravity waves (AGW). This study supports the notion that deep oceanic earthquakes can perturb the ionosphere at considerable distances from their epicenter. Furthermore, we investigate the simultaneous ionospheric impact due to geomagnetic storms and the earthquake. Through the examination of seismic effects preceding the storm occurrence, we finds the likelihood of seismogenic effects that are not contaminated by other factors. The response of the initial seismogenic perturbation varies at different distances from the epicenter. Surprisingly, nearby receivers do not experience early disturbances. This indicates how challenging it is to forecast the location of earthquake.
Streamflow prediction using Long Short-term Memory networks
Authors: Nguyen Nhu Y , Kha Dang Dinh , Ninh Luu Van , Anh Tran Ngoc
Published: December 2023

Accurate river streamflow prediction is crucial for hydropower operations, agricultural planning, and effective water resources management. However, forecasting reliable streamflow poses challenges due to the intricate nature of weather patterns and non-linear runoff generation mechanisms. The long short-term memory (LSTM) network has gained prominence for effectively simulating non-linear patterns. Despite its popularity, the performance of LSTM in river flow prediction remains insufficiently understood. This study assesses LSTM's effectiveness and explores how different network structures and hyperparameters impact short-term daily streamflow prediction at Kratie stations, a vital hydrological site in the Vietnam Mekong Delta. Training LSTM on historical streamflow data, we find that the size of the training dataset significantly influences network training, recommending a dataset spanning 2013 to 2022 for optimal results. Incorporating a hidden layer with a non-linear activation function enhances learning efficiency, and adding a fully connected layer slightly improves prediction ability. Careful tuning of parameters such as epochs, dropout, and the number of LSTM units enhances predictive accuracy. The stacked LSTM with sigmoid activation stands out, demonstrating excellent performance with a high Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) of 0.95 and a low root relative mean square error (rRMSE) of approximately 0.002%. Moreover, the model excels in forecasting streamflow for 5 to 15 antecedent days, with five days exhibiting particularly high accuracy.
Can zircon constrain glacial processes?
Authors: Seraine Marina , Spencer Christopher , Hincks Thea , Gernon Thomas , Kirkland Christopher , Moghadam Hadi Shafaii , Fazio Gabriella , Puetz Stephen
Published: December 2023

Zircon grains provide insights into crustal production and loss via erosion throughout Earth’s history. We apply multi-dimensional scaling of U-Pb detrital zircon compilations and demonstrate that these depositional patterns were primarily influenced by the rifting of Rodinia and the assembly of Gondwana supercontinents. We identify two-step changes in a zircon dataset spanning the tenure of these continental aggregations, defined by an increase in δ18O values related to the Sturtian and Marinoan ‘Snowball Earth’ glaciations. Correlation between magmatic and detrital zircon Hf and O isotopes implies a flux of old (radiogenically enriched) sediment multiple times during the Tonian and Cryogenian. εHf/δ18O signature at 690 Ma indicates a major flux of old sediment into magmatic systems, which we interpret as due to deep glacial erosion of continental crust during Cryogenian glaciations, corroborating prior studies. This work provides a new quantitative perspective on orogenic and climatic processes that supply sediments to magmatic systems.
Modal truncation method for continuum structures based on matrix norm: modal perturbation method
Authors: Kang Hou Jun , Yuan Quan , Su Xiaoyang , Guo Tieding , Cong Yunyue
Published: December 2023

Modal analysis is a widely applied method to study the vibration phenomenon of continuum structures, but there is no clear method to solve the modal truncation problem at present. In order to determine the contribution of different modes to the whole system, a new mode truncation method based on perturbation theory is proposed in this paper. In the process of discretization, perturbation parameters are introduced into the modes, and the modal number in the continuum structure system is confirmed according to the norm error of stiffness matrix in different degrees of freedom (DOFs) systems. The results show that the DOF identified by the modal perturbation method is related to the perturbation parameters, and the smaller the perturbation parameters are, the fewer modes need to be considered. When the perturbation parameter is large enough, the response of the system can only be accurately explained by truncation to higher-order modes. Finally, the perturbation parameter is fixed to 1, and the modal perturbation is connected with the traditional Galerkin method, which means that the traditional discretization is a special case of the modal perturbation method, and the number of modes can still be determined by the induced norm. This method can significantly reduce the modal truncation error, which is of great significance to the dynamic analysis of engineering applications.
Oxygen content：the key role enabling phase transition during calcination of sodium layered oxides cathode
Authors: Guo Xiaodong , Liu Yihua , Deng Ya-Ping , Wang Dong , Shi Xin-Yu , Wang Ruoyang , Li Haoyu , Li Qian , Wu Zhenguo , Zhong Benhe
Published: December 2023

Considering the non-stoichiometric feature of sodium layered oxides cathode, oxygen content in the calcination atmosphere would play a key role in the phase evolution, which is still unclear and deserves detailed investigation. In the present study, with the controlled oxygen content via under different atmospheres, structural oxygen release driven by heating was evidenced to be the phase transition trigger, which destroy the initial local Mn-O structure and results in rearranged Mn-O octahedral ordered structure. The varied oxygen content would change the star-up temperature of phase transition. These results can promote the materials phase design by adjusting the release of structural oxygen and provide guideline for the synthesis of layered oxides.
Remediation of cadmium contaminated soil using modified activated carbon fiber combined with electrodynamic remediation technologyZHOU Dao-lin，CHENG Yue, WAN Yu-shan*
Authors: Zhou Daolin , Cheng Yue , Wan YuShan
Published: December 2023

In this study, modified activated carbon fibers and phytic acid doped polyaniline/activated carbon fiber composites were successfully prepared by modifying activated carbon fibers and compounding polyaniline. The electrokinetic adsorption combined remediation technology was used to study the remediation of cadmium contaminated soil. The results showed that when the electric field intensity was 2 V·cm− 1 and the repair time was 120 hours, 0.1 mol·L− 1 citric acid solution was circularly added to the cathode using electrolyte. The current during the repair process showed periodic fluctuations with the extension of the repair time. The current of adding P-PANI/ACF adsorbent near the cathode region was larger than that of other groups, and cadmium has a higher removal rate.The mean removal rate of Cd (Ⅱ) in soil with a content of 60 mg·kg− 1 reached 76.94%.
A Swedish national register study on the association between dementia, walking ability and survival after a hip fracture
Authors: Linder Philip Daniel Göran Burenstam , Religa Dorota D , Gustavsson Fredrik , Eriksdotter Maria , Hedström Margareta K , Hägg Sara J
Published: December 2023

Background:
The association between dementia, hip fractures, and subsequent walking ability remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the relationship between hip fractures and the loss of walking ability, as well as mortality, by comparing patients with and without dementia.
Methods:
This was a register study with data obtained from the Swedish Hip Fracture Register and linked to information from other national registers. All adults 60 years or older who suffered a hip fracture in Sweden between 2010 and 2018 were included. A four-month follow-up was conducted using a questionnaire or telephone interview. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the loss of walking ability, and multivariate Cox regression was used to analyze survival after four months while adjusting for conventional factors. The analysis of loss of walking ability was stratified into four groups based on prefracture walking ability: Alone outdoors, Only with company outdoors, Alone indoors, and Only with company indoors.
Results:
The analysis of walking ability included 59,402 cases, of which 17% had dementia. The analysis of survival included 111,353 cases, 22% of which had dementia. Patients with dementia had a significantly higher risk of complete loss of walking ability after four months, with adjusted ORs of 2.34 for Alone outdoors, 1.53 for Only with company outdoors, 1.41 for Alone indoors, and 1.29 for Only with company indoors. Dementia was also associated with a higher four-month mortality risk (adjusted HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.22–1.31).
Conclusions:
The impact of dementia on the risk of complete loss of walking ability after a hip fracture varies widely depending on prefracture walking ability. Patients with dementia with high walking ability prior to the fracture are at most risk when compared to patients without dementia. In addition, dementia is also an independent risk factor for mortality following a hip fracture. These findings have implications for guiding future investigations and equipping clinicians with knowledge regarding the risks their patients may encounter.
Human-Centered Participatory Co-Design with Children and Adults for a Prototype Lifestyle Intervention and Implementation Strategy in a Rural Middle School
Authors: Watkins Janette M. , Greeven Sarah J. , Heeter Kathleen N. , Brunnemer Julia E. , Otile Jacob , Solá Paola A. Fernández , Dutta Sandeep , Hobson James M. , Evanovich Justin M. , Coble Cassandra J. , Werner Nicole E. , Kercher Vanessa M. Martinez , Kercher Kyle A.
Published: December 2023

PURPOSE: The significance of regular physical activity (PA) in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is widely acknowledged. However, children in rural areas encounter specific barriers to PA compared to their urban counterparts. This study employs human-centered participatory co-design, involving community stakeholders in developing a multi-level PA intervention named Hoosier Sport. The primary hypothesis is the co-design sessions leading to the development of a testable intervention protocol.
METHODS: Two co-design teams, each consisting of six children and six adults, were formed using human-centered participatory co-design facilitated by research faculty and graduate students. The process involved five co-design sessions addressing problem identification, solution generation, solution evaluation, operationalization, and prototype evaluation. Thematic analysis was employed to identify key themes and intervention components.
RESULTS: Child co-designers (n = 9) ranged from 6th to 8th grade, averaging 12.6 years (SD = 1.8), while adult co-designers (n = 12) averaged 43.3 years (SD = 8.08). Thematic analysis revealed children emphasizing autonomy, the freedom to choose physical and non-physical activities, and the importance of building peer relationships during PA. Adult interviews echoed the importance of autonomy and choice in activities, with a focus on relatedness through positive role modeling.
CONCLUSION: The prototype intervention and implementation strategies developed constitute a testable intervention aligned with Phase 1 of the ORBIT model. This testable prototype lays the groundwork for a collaborative campus-community partnership between the university and the local community, ensuring mutual benefits and sustainable impact.
Study on full-scale pores characterization and heterogeneity of coal based on low-temperature nitrogen adsorption and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance experiments
Authors: Lu Fangchao , Zhang Xuebo , Jia Bing , Wang Yifang , Peng Rongfu , Liu Chiyuan , Lin Pan
Published: December 2023

The characteristics and heterogeneity of pores in coal are of great significance for understanding the production mechanism of coalbed methane. The paper used low-temperature nitrogen adsorption and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance experiments to study the characteristics of full-scale pores development with different metamorphic coals (0.58%≤R0,max≤3.44%), and the heterogeneity of pores was analyzed by fractal theory. The results showed that pores with different sizes in low-rank coal were well developed, and the connectivity of these pores was favorable. The proportion of micropores in middle-rank coal was 73.56%, and the connectivity between transitional pores, mesopores, and macropores was poor. And the proportion of micropores in high-rank coal was 92.74%, and a mount of these pores were closed or semi-closed, the connectivity between micropores and transitional pores was terrible. As the metamorphism degree increased, the total porosity grew gradually, while the effective porosity and permeability decreased. The heterogeneity of pores was controlled by coal metamorphic, characteristics of pore structure, pore size distribution, and connectivity. Affected by coalification, the DL1 (characterizes the roughness of adsorption pores surface, which ranges from 2.13 to 2.45) and DL2 (characterizes the complexity of adsorption pores structure, which ranges from 2.56 to 2.77) fell firstly and then rose, while the DN (characterizes the heterogeneity of seepage pores, which ranges from 2.92 to 2.95) improved constantly. The adsorption pores surface roughness and structure complexity gained with the raised of specific surface area and pore volume, so the DL1 and DL2 showed the power-law growth. The uniformity of pore structure enhanced with the increase of seepage pores proportion, and the DN decreased linearly. When the volume of seepage pores was determined, the complexity of the pore structure was weakened by pores connectivity, thus the DN reduced gradually. The results can provide theoretical support for predicting coalbed methane recoverability and improving coalbed methane production efficiency.
Reduced actual vapor pressure exerts a significant influence on maize yield through vapor pressure deficit amid climate warming
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhao Yanxia , Sun Qing , Chen Sining , Sun Shao , Liu Li
Published: December 2023

Understanding the impact of climate warming on crop yield and its associated mechanisms is paramount for ensuring food security. Here, we conduct a thorough analysis of the impact of vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on maize yield, leveraging a rich dataset comprising temporal and spatial observations spanning 40 years across 31 maize-growing locations in Northeast and North China, each characterized by unique climate conditions. Our investigation extends to the influencing meteorological factors that drive changes in VPD during the maize growing phase. Regression analysis reveals a linear negative relationship between VPD and maize yield, demonstrating diverse spatiotemporal characteristics. Spatially, maize yield exhibits higher sensitivity to VPD in Northeast China (NEC), despite the higher VPD levels in North China Plain (NCP). The opposite patterns reveal that high VPD not invariably lead to detrimental yield impacts. Temporal analysis sheds light on an upward trend in VPD, with values of 0.05 and 0.02 kPa/10yr, accompanied by significant abrupt changes around 1996 in NEC and 2006 in NCP, respectively. These temporal shifts contribute to the heightened sensitivity of maize yield in both regions. Importantly, we emphasize the need to pay closer attention to the substantial the impact of actual vapor pressure on abrupt VPD changes during the maize growing phase, particularly in the context of ongoing climate warming.
On the operational similarities of bladed rotor vibrations with casing contacts
Authors: Thiery Florian , Chandran Praneeth
Published: December 2023

Rotor-to-stator rubbing in rotating machinery, resulting from tight clearances, introduces complex dynamics that can potentially leading to high vibrations and machine failure. Initially, the emphasis was placed on models addressing cylinder-to-cylinder rubbing; however, recent attention has shifted towards examining blade-tip contact in turbines, that exerts a substantial influence on the systems dynamics and efficiency. This study investigates the impact of blade number variation on bladed rotor systems, emphasizing on the types of motion that occur as function of the operational speed. A bladed rotor model is proposed, incorporating a Jeffcott rotor with blades represented as damped elastic pendulums. The equations of motion are derived and numerical simulations are performed to explore the system's behaviour with varying blade numbers (3, 5, 7, and 10) and to analyse bifurcation diagrams and contact forces. Results reveal distinct regions: periodic motion (I and III) and chaotic motion (II and IV), with chaotic regions occurring at specific fractions of the natural frequency and the number of blades. The study concludes that chaotic motions are associated with larger displacements and higher contact forces, and the vibrational behaviour becomes less hazardous as the number of blades increases. The findings provide insights for turbine design modifications to enhance system reliability and prevent unexpected failures.
Fish-based herbivory and the natural maintenance of algal fouling on coral nurseries used across the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Gillette Gemma M , Camp Emma F. , Edmondson John , Booth David J. , Scott Rachael I. , Suggett David J.
Published: December 2023

In-situ coral nurseries have become widespread across the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) as part of tourism-led stewardship efforts to grow and replant coral at sites of high socio-economic value. Practices are aimed at reducing costs and increasing propagation efficiency. Whilst the role of herbivorous fish in regulating coral-algal competition has been extensively studied on natural reefs, limited research has examined how similar benefits on nurseries could be harnessed to improve coral propagation success. Here, we assess the extent to which fish assemblages on the GBR reduce the growth of biofouling algae on coral nursery frames and improve the survival of Acropora species growing on frames. Cage-exclusion treatments, coupled with grazing plate assays and video fish surveys, were employed to quantify the maintenance effect of fish (>2.5 cm in length) at two reef stewardship sites on Opal Reef in the northern Great Barrier Reef. Exclusion of grazers from frames for 112 days led to a fourfold increase in algal biomass compared to treatments where fish were allowed access. Removal of algae by fish, in turn, led to a mean increase in coral survivorship by >25%, although coral responses to algal composition were species-specific, and Acropora verweyi exhibited greater survivorship than either A. muricata or A. cerealis. Analysis of fish biomass and bite rates revealed nursery fouling maintenance was almost entirely driven by individuals from the parrotfish and surgeonfish families, notably, Scarus globiceps (Globehead parrotfish) and Acanthurus nigricauda (Eye-line surgeonfish). Our results highlight the importance of accounting for the broader ecology of coral reef stewardship practices and detail important early considerations for more effective nursery design, positioning, and coral stocking arrangements.
Evaluation of morphological patterns and immunohistochemical characteristics of well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcomas
Authors: Pancsa Tamás , Akbarzadeh Mersad , Sejben Anita
Published: December 2023

Background
Liposarcomas (LPSs) represent a morphologically diverse group among mesenchymal malignancies. During the diagnostic process of soft tissue tumors, the possibility of well-differentiated (WDLPS) and dedifferentiated LPS (DDLPS) should always emerge. So far, the most robust immunohistochemical (IHC) marker for these neoplasms is MDM2, however, LPSs can show a large variety of positivity with other markers.
Methods
In our study, all cases of WDLPS and DDLPS from 2017 to 2022 at the University of Szeged were examined, and if necessary, additional IHC was performed, including MDM2, CDK4, p16, and STAT6.
Results
Our cohort included 7 cases of WDLPS, and 11 of DDLPS. All morphological patterns were registered and photographed. In more than half of the cases, the tumor was localized to the retroperitoneum (n = 10), and 8 patients presented with T4 stage disease. All cases were focally or diffusely positive with MDM2 IHC (n = 18), while CDK4 and p16 proved to be diffuse in almost every case (n = 17). Despite morphological diversity, all DDLPSs (n = 11) were positive for MDM2, CDK4, and p16, as well. STAT6 showed multifocal nuclear positivity in 3 DDLPS cases.
Conclusions
According to our results, MDM2, CDK4, and p16 IHC reactions, and MDM2 fluorescence in situ hybridization should be performed to establish the proper diagnosis of LPS. A small, but significant minority of our DDLPS cases showed multifocal positivity for STAT6, hence performing MDM2 IHC for small samples of solitary fibrous tumours is highly recommended to exclude the possibility of LPS. Our study is the first to include all well-known morphological patterns of LPS.
Analysis of Friction Stir Welding of Aa6061 and Aa6082 Aluminium Alloys
Authors: b B.Sandeep , K K.Kishore , D Govinda Rao
Published: December 2023

Friction stir welding is a relatively new welding process that has significant advantages compared to the fusion process such as joining conventionally non-fusion weld able alloys. Being a solid- state joining process it produces weld with reduced distortion and improved mechanical properties. The aluminium alloys are widely used in different industrial applications such as ship building, aerospace and automobile industries due to their light weight, good mechanical strength and high corrosion resistance.In this work straight cylindrical tool made of H13 steel was used for the friction stir welding ( FSW) of two dissimilar aluminum alloys AA6061 and AA6082 at two different feeds and speeds. The mechanical Properties of the welded joint are tested using Tensile test, Hardness test and microstructure test. The friction stir welding experiments were conducted at constant Axial force without changing tool shape or material.Optimum parameters for Ultimate Tensile strength, Vickers hardness number, & % elongation were calculated using TAGUCHI method. The percentage influence of three parameters speed, feed, and interaction on ultimate tensile strength, Vickers hardness number & % elongation were calculated using ANOVA technique.
Loading dose of ceftazidime need to be increased in critically ill patients: a retrospective study to evaluate recommended loading dose with pharmacokinetic modeling
Authors: Launay Manon , Ollier Edouard , Kably Benjamin , Louedec Félicien Le , Thiery Guillaume , Lanoiselée julien , RAGEY Sophie PERINEL
Published: December 2023

Background
In order to rapidly achieve target concentrations and bactericidal efficacy, the administration of a loading dose (LD) is recommended before starting ceftazidime continuous infusion. However, the adequacy of the 2g-LD usually administered should be investigated considering the special pharmacokinetic characteristics of critically ill patients.
Materials
PK dataset for model development and external validation included patients hospitalized in 6 intensive care units (ICU) in the Saint-Etienne region (France) and in Paris, with ceftazidime continuous infusion and at least one measurement of plasma concentration [IRBN992021/CHUSTE]. Data were analysed with MONOLIX and R softwares. A review of the literature was performed to search for PK models developed in ICU patients, to compare our results with existing models. A simulation of the LD needed to reach a target concentration of 60mg/L was performed with all models.
Results
Ceftazidime was well described by a one-compartment model with allometrically scaled lognormalized e-glomerular filtration rate as a covariate of clearance, using a dataset of 86 patients/223 samples. Typical ceftazidime clearance and volume of distribution were 4.45L/h and 88L, respectively. The predicted individual ceftazidime concentrations were significantly lower at 24 ± 4hours than at 48 ± 4hours. Of the 8 publications of pharmacokinetics models developed in ICU populations, median volume of distribution was 37.2L. The simulated LD to achieve 60mg/L in 80% of the patients from the models found in the literature was higher than 2g in all but one study. Median LD was 4.9g.
Conclusions
Standard LD results in delay in achieving target ceftazidime concentration in ICU patients.
Genetic and Survey Data Improves Performance of Machine Learning Model for Long COVID
Authors: Wei Wei-Qi , Guardo Christopher , Gandireddy Srushti , Yan Chao , Ong Henry , Kerchberger Vern , Dickson Alyson , Pfaff Emily , Master Hiral , Basford Melissa , Tran Nguyen , Mancuso Salvatore , Syed Toufeeq , Zhao Zhongming , Feng QiPing , Haendel Melissa , Lunt Christopher , Ginsburg Geoffrey , Chute Christopher , Denny Joshua , Roden Dan
Published: December 2023

Over 200 million SARS-CoV-2 patients have or will develop persistent symptoms (long COVID). Given this pressing research priority, the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) developed a machine learning model using only electronic health record data to identify potential patients with long COVID. We hypothesized that additional data from health surveys, mobile devices, and genotypes could improve prediction ability. In a cohort of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals (n=17,755) in the All of Us program, we applied and expanded upon the N3C long COVID prediction model, testing machine learning infrastructures, assessing model performance, and identifying factors that contributed most to the prediction models. For the survey/mobile device information and genetic data, extreme gradient boosting and a convolutional neural network delivered the best performance for predicting long COVID, respectively. Combined survey, genetic, and mobile data increased specificity and the Area Under Curve the Receiver Operating Characteristic score versus the original N3C model.
Effect of ectomycorrhizal fungi on the activation and uptake of phosphorus in Populus davidiana×P. bolleana mycorrhizosphere and hyphosphere
Authors: Zhang Tianze , Meng Fanjun , Yin Dachuan
Published: December 2023

Ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECMF) are capable of converting phosphate in the insoluble state of the soil into effective phosphorus that can be directly absorbed and used by plants, a mechanism that is essential for promoting plant growth and development.In this study, we utilized Populus davidiana × P. bolleana tissue culture seedlings as the test material. Inoculation was performed with two ectomycorrhizal fungi: Suillus luteus and Paxillus involutus. The aim was to study the activation and uptake of soil phosphorus by ectomycorrhizal. Our results showed that inoculation of both S. luteus and P. involutus significantly increased seedling height, ground diameter, biomass and tissue phosphorus content of Populus davidiana × P. bolleana seedlings. Concurrently, it reduced soil pH, increased soil acid phosphatase activity and soil effective phosphorus content. All effects on mycorrhizosphere were better than those on hyphosphere. Therefore, this study concludes that the introduction of ectomycorrhizal acidifies the soil, increases the activity of soil acid phosphatase, promotes the decomposition of phosphate in the insoluble state of the soil, increases the content of effective phosphorus in the soil, thus promoting the uptake of phosphorus by plants, and plays a role in the growth of Populus davidiana × P. bolleana. Among them, mycorrhizal affect the soil to a greater extent than their hypha.
Clinical application of manual hysteroscopic tissue retrieval system (HTRS) PolyGone in treating endometrial polyps (EPs) outpatient
Authors: He Sili , Li Lijie , Ye mingzhu
Published: December 2023

Objective:To investigate the safety and effectiveness of manual hysteroscopic tissue retrieval system (HTRS) PolyGone in outpatient treatment of endometrial polyps (EPs).
Materials and methods: : A total of 32 patients undergoing outpatient endometrial polyp surgery with PolyGone manual HTRS from August 2021 to December 2021 in the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South university were selected as the research objects.
Results:All 32 patients successfully completed the surgery, the average surgery time was 12.06±6.62min, the average resection time was 2.98±2.12min, the dilation fluid volume was 229.69±109.76ml, and no serious complications occurred. The median visual analogue scale(VAS) score of patients at 0.5h after operation was 2 (0,2), and that of patients at 2h after operation was 0 (0, 2). The LIKERT five-scale score of both patients and doctors showed 100% satisfaction. All patients were diagnosed as EPs by postoperative pathological examination and were followed up one month after surgery. The duration of postoperative vaginal bleeding was 2-9 days, with a median of 5 (4,7). There was little vaginal bleeding and no postoperative complications. Pregnancy was found in 4 patients 3 months after operation. Among the 28 patients who were not pregnant, 22 (91.7%) of the 24 patients with abnormal vaginal bleeding symptoms before operation disappeared, and the other 2 patients had a little irregular vaginal bleeding after Mirena implantation, which was considered to be caused by Mirena. 26 patients completed B-ultrasound review within the follicular period 3 months after surgery, 23 patients (88.5%) had normal results and no recurrence of polyps,1（3.8%）patient had uneven endometrium, and the other 2 (7.7%) patients were suggested to consider polyp recurrence (none of them received postoperative adjuvant medication).
Conclusion: The manual HTRS PolyGone is safe, effective and has high patient satisfaction. It is a new option for non-electrothermal resection of EPs.
DNA methylation risk score for type 2 diabetes is associated with gestational diabetes
Authors: Linares-Pineda Teresa M , Fragoso-Bargas Nicolas , Picón María José , Molina-Vega Maria , Jenum Anne Karen , Sletner Line , Lee-Ødegård Sindre , Opsahl Julia O , Moen Gunn-Helen , Qvigstad Elisabeth , Prasad Rashmi B , Birkeland Kåre I , Morcillo Sonsoles , Sommer Christine
Published: December 2023

Background
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) share many pathophysiological factors including genetics, but whether epigenetic marks are shared is unknown. We aimed to test whether a DNA methylation risk score (MRS) for T2DM was associated with GDM across ancestry and GDM criteria.
Methods
In two independent pregnancy cohorts, EPIPREG (n = 480) and EPIDG (n = 32), DNA methylation in peripheral blood leukocytes was measured at a gestational age of 28 ± 2. We constructed an MRS in EPIPREG and EPIDG based on CpG hits from a published epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of T2DM.
Results
With mixed models logistic regression of EPIPREG and EPIDG, MRS for T2DM was associated with GDM: odd ratio (OR)[95% CI]: 1.3 [1.1–1.8], P = 0.002 for the unadjusted model, and 1.4 [1.1–1.7], P = 0.00014 for a model adjusted by age, pre-pregnant BMI, family history of diabetes and smoking status. Also, we found 6 CpGs through a meta-analysis (cg14020176, cg22650271, cg14870271, cg27243685, cg06378491, cg25130381) associated with GDM, and some of their methylation quantitative loci (mQTLs) were related to T2DM and GDM.
Conclusion
For the first time, we show that DNA methylation marks for T2DM are also associated with GDM, suggesting shared epigenetic mechanisms between GDM and T2DM.