bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Response of the Philippine Government in Handling the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Saphire Anisya Olivia , Nurkhasanah Dini Septianti , Resdifianti Femri
Published: April 2022

All countries in Southeast Asia have faced the threat of widespread outbreaks of Coronavirus (COVID-19). One of the countries in Southeast Asia that experienced the most significant impact from COVID-19 is the Philippines. This paper discusses the COVID-19 threat as a form of non-traditional human security threat and the Philippines Government's need to carry out securitization and response measures to prevent the spread of the threat. In addition, this paper also explains the impact of COVID-19 in the Philippines and the new normal conditions after the lockdown was put in place by the government. This descriptive analysis shows that the COVID-19 outbreak, as a non-traditional security threat, impacted various Philippines' sectors. This result also indicates the Philippine government's response in dealing with the impact arising from the COVID-19 outbreak and the implementation of new normal to drive the economy. Therefore, we divide the discussion into four parts: First, an overview describes the Philippines' COVID-19 cases. Second, explain the impact of a pandemic in various fields. Third, define the response of the Philippine Government in dealing with COVID-19. Fourth, describing the challenges in dealing with COVID-19 in the Philippines and the new normal situation in force in the Philippines.
Analysis of Lao PDR’s Policy The Successful Policy of Lao PDR’s Policy on Responding COVID-19
Authors: Nisa Aprilia Chairun , Rhasintya Monica , Pangestu Zeffa Alifah
Published: April 2022

Coronavirus is a new type of virus, which until now has infected various countries throughout the world. Laos is also one of the countries affected by the pandemic and became one of the countries in Southeast Asia that managed to deal without swallowing a single death. This research aims to find out how the Laos government responds to the COVID-19 pandemic and explains the impact of the policies that were put in place during the pandemic. This study uses qualitative research methods with primary data obtained through search results in journals, documents, and official websites. This study provides the result that the Government of Laos is considered successful in dealing with COVID-19 by implementing several policies that are divided into 4 fields; economy, education, health, and travel. The research results also show that the policy is not only tangible success but also a decline in several fields, namely economic and social.
Thailand Government Strategy and Policy in Handling The COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tunggal Hamas Nurhan Rabbani
Published: April 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic destroyed various countries from various aspects. One of the countries affected is Thailand. For Thailand itself, they are more disadvantaged in the economic sector. Given that one of the leading economic suppliers in Thailand is from the tourism sector. The sector has also been devastated due to the absence of foreign tourists visiting Thailand due to the pandemic. With this, the local Government has taken various ways to restore the situation to normal. Four things are under the Government's spotlight, including the health insurance system, the application of social distancing, the imposition of national emergency status, and economic stimulus. With these several things, it can be said that this journal will discuss how the Thai government policy in fighting Covid-19 from the health sector, the economy, and others. In his efforts, many polemics occurred due to quite controversial policies. One example is when the Government asked rich people in Thailand to help solve the problem. It brought a lot of negative response on social media, for example, is much-scattered hashtag #BeggarGovernment
China’s Mask Diplomacy: Health Assistance for South Pacific Countries During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Amarilys Monica Rhasintya Indira , Latifah Emmy
Published: April 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, which generates many negative areas in the field of life, China has become one that shines. China  tends to actively contribute to international activities in combating COVID-19.  One of the ways is trying to provide assistance to countries affected by COVID-19, one of which is the Pacific countries. This article will explain China's diplomatic efforts to Pacific countries through the distribution of health assistance. Improving China's image is the motive behind this activity. By using the literature study method, this article will discuss more about the reasons behind China's diplomacy in the form of providing health assistance.
Evidence-Based Musculoskeletal Care for Swimmers
Authors: Kreulen R. Timothy , Spiker Andrea M. , Heinlein Scott A. , Cosgarea Andrew J.
Published: April 2022

» Swimming is a popular activity with numerous health benefits.

» Swimming involves complex biomechanical movements that, especially if performed incorrectly, can lead to musculoskeletal injuries.

» The shoulder is the most commonly affected joint, although lower-extremity and spine injuries have also been reported.
Factores predisponentes para herpes simple: Actualización de la literatura
Authors: Begazo-Morán Lisette , Morante-Félix Alysson , Espinoza-Montes Carlos
Published: April 2022

El virus del herpes simple, despues de la primera infeccion, puede permanecer latente en los ganglios　y reactivarse en cualquier momento debido a ciertos factores o estimulos, lo que ocasiona efectos　en el paciente. El objetivo de esta revision de literatura es actualizar la informacion cientifica sobre　los factores que predisponen la reactivacion del virus del herpes simple. Se realizo una revisión　bibliografica exhaustiva en las bases de datos LILACS, SciELO, PubMed y Scopus, mediante　las palabras clave “herpes simple”, “reactivacion”, “latencia” y “riesgos”. Entre los factores descritos　estan la reactivacion por inmunosupresion debido a la ingesta de inmunosupresores o la terapia　oncologica. Otro factor es el estres psicologico, en el cual las hormonas liberadas actuan sobre senales mediadoras de la reactivacion, asi como la exposicion solar, que reactiva al virus en las neuronas infectadas, y la infeccion en mujeres gestantes, que puede desencadenar complicaciones en el feto y en el momento del parto.
Increased ENT2 Expression and Its Association with Altered Purine Metabolism in Different Stages of Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Naes Safaa M. , Ab-Rahim Sharaniza , Mazlan Musalmah , Hashim Nurul Azmir Amir , Rahman Amirah Abdul
Published: April 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignant cancers worldwide. Although the purine metabolism pathway is known to be vital for cancer cells survival mechanism, not much is known on equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 (ENT2) role in CRC development and its association with purine metabolites. Hence this study is aimed to determine the level of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT), hypoxanthine, uric acid (UA), and the activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) and relate the findings with the ENT2 expression level in different CRC stages. Normal colon cell line; CCD-841CoN and a panel of human CRC cell lines; SW480, HCT15 and HCT116, representing different CRC stages; Dukes’ B, C, and D respectively, have been used to measure HPRT, hypoxanthine/xanthine, UA levels and the activity of XO. The level of ENT2 expression was also performed by qRT-PCR. The levels of HPRT, hypoxanthine were significantly higher (P< 0.05), while XO and UA were lower (P< 0.05) in all CRC stages as compared to the normal colon cells. Furthermore, ENT2 expression was found to be increased in all CRC stages. Despite having the highest level of HPRT and hypoxanthine, ENT2 level is lower in Dukes' D when compared to Dukes' B and C. The rate of salvage pathway is increased in CRC development as indicated by the elevated levels of HPRT and hypoxanthine in different CRC stages. Increased ENT2 expression implies its importance in assisting hypoxanthine uptake which is vital to increase DNA synthesis via hypoxanthine recycling. Thus, ENT2 may be a potential marker in CRC therapeutic development.
Endovascular treatment of scalp AVF following hair transplantation: case report
Authors: Molinaro Stefano , Terrana Alberto , Vizzari Francesco Alberto , Giorgianni Andrea
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
Scalp arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) following hair transplantation are rare; few single case reports have been described. Therapeutic options include open surgery, percutaneous and transarterial endovascular embolization; in recent years these latter have gained favour because of their minimally invasive approach also concerning post-treatment cutaneous appearance.
Case presentation:
A 29 y/o male after 3 months from a hair transplantation procedure began to notice a little pulsatile mass beneath the skin of the forehead. Subsequent diagnostic imaging (CTA and angiography) showed the presence of a scalp frontoparietal AVF with a single superficial temporal artery (STA) feeder and a superficial subcutaneous veins drainage. After a few months a sudden worsening of symptoms was reported. Endovascular treatment was performed in general anaesthesia, with right femoral arterial access, ECA catheterization, superselective STA microcatheterization right at fistula point and embolization with platinum detachable coils. No procedural complications occurred. Patient was discharged on the 4th day, asymptomatic. Clinical symptoms resolved promptly after just 3–4 weeks. A control angiogram after 6 months showed complete disappearance of the fistula.
Conclusions
Hair transplantation procedures are associated with a low risk profile, and scalp AVF is a very rare complication; both endovascular interventions and open surgery are safe and effective in treating this complication. A complete preliminary angiographic study is needed; if vascular anatomy is favourable, a transarterial approach can be performed. Coiling occlusion compared to glue embolization avoids cutaneous discoloration and/or subcutaneous mass among the fistulous point. In this case this technique was proven to be safe and effective.
Financially Incentivized Reporting and CDC Guidelines Effectively Lowered Risk of Contracting COVID-19 in a Medical Device Manufacturing Setting.
Authors: McKechnie AJ , Stanik Madeleine , Weaver Dave , Cassidy Devon , Hilas Georgios , Snyder Scott
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study is to understand if mitigation controls recommended by the CDC influence a reduction in risk of contracting COVID-19 within the pre-vaccine era of a medical device manufacturing setting. A cross-sectional epidemiological survey that includes 1,136 participants was conducted to assess COVID-19 infection rates across a medical device company with multiple sites located in Indiana between 01JAN2020 to 31DEC2020. Among employees (N=870) who are ever on-site, there is an 86% (OR=0.14, 95% CI:0.043-0.448) reduction in the odds of contracting COVID-19 as compared to employees off-site. Additionally, no COVID-19 related deaths were reported during this period. On-site risk of contracting COVID-19 was lowered through mitigation control measures and financially incentivized leave for self-reporting of COVID-19 exposure and/or symptoms. Thus, the preventative measures taken at this medical device company in southern Indiana reduced morbidity and possibly mortality of their employees.
Anticipating the occurrence and type of critical transitions
Authors: Grziwotz Florian , Chang Chen-Wei , Dakos Vasilis , Nes Egbert Van , Schwarzländer Markus , Kamps Oliver , Hessler Martin , Tokuda Isao , Telschow Arndt , Hsieh Chih-hao
Published: April 2022

A critical transition can occur in many real-world systems and the ability to forecast the occurrence of transition is of major interest in a range of contexts. Various early warning signals (EWS) have been developed to anticipate a critical transition or distinguish types of transitions. However, there is no effective method to establish practical thresholds indicating the condition when a critical transition is most likely to occur. Here, we introduce a powerful EWS, named Dynamical Eigen-Value (DEV), rooted in bifurcation theory of dynamical systems, that estimates the dominant eigen-value of the system. Theoretically, the absolute value of DEV approaches 1 when the system approaches bifurcation, whereas its position in the complex plane indicates the type of transition. We demonstrate the efficacy of the DEV approach in model systems with known bifurcation types and in addition we test the DEV approach on various critical transitions in real-world systems.
An Ecophysiological Assessment of Extinction Risk from Climate Change of the lizard Barisia imbricata (Squamata: Anguidae).
Authors: Estrada Natalia Fierro , Cruz Fausto Roberto Méndez de la , Miles Donald B. , Valdes Oswaldo Téllez , Sinervo Barry
Published: April 2022

Climate change is one of the most pressing challenges for ectotherms due to their dependence on environmental temperature. Extirpation of populations of lizards have already been reported, including endemic species occurring in the mountains of Central México. Here, we characterize the thermal ecology of a montane, viviparous lizard species, Barisia imbricata. In addition, we use thermal and physiological traits to predict the persistence of the species in face of climate change. We collected individuals from two populations at its lower and upper elevational limits, recorded field body temperature (Tb), operative environmental temperatures (Te), preferred body temperature (Tpref) and the thermal sensitivity of endurance. We calculated the hours of activity (ha) and hours of restriction (hr) using a mechanistic-ecophysiological model. We then applied a species distribution model that integrates core ecophysiological traits (Tb, Tpref, thermal performance breadth, optimal temperature for performance, critical thermal maximum and minimum) with climate variables to determine potential shifts in habitat occupancy. Finally, we used a mechanistic niche model that includes estimates of hr and ha to predict the probability of persistence of the species under three scenarios of climate change between now and by 2070. We found that B. imbricata has a broad performance breadth, which suggests it is a thermal generalist, and is capable of activity across a broad range of Te. The mechanistic-ecophysiological niche model predicts that B. imbricata faces serious distributional restrictions at low elevations, but populations at higher elevations should persist if the habitat remains intact.
Educational intervention program based on health belief model and neck pain prevention behaviors in school teachers in Tehran
Authors: Tavafian Sedigheh Sadat , Moradi Zohreh , Kazemi Seyedeh Somayeh
Published: April 2022

Background: Prevention of musculoskeletal disorders as one of the most common occupational health problems among the working population in both developed and developing countries is an important necessity and priority. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention program based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) to increase awareness, perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy in adopting neck health-promoting behaviors in school teachers.Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental of the randomized clinical trial that was conducted for 6 months (December 2020 to July 2021). Participants were 146 junior high school teachers were selected from 26 schools through random sampling and divided into two groups of intervention and control. The data collection instrument was the self-design questionnaire and was completed in three points of time (before, immediately, and 3 months after the intervention). The data were analyzed by software version 24 SPSS. Results: The results showed that awareness, perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, perceived benefits and barriers, and self-efficacy in adopting neck health-promoting behaviors in the intervention group increased in two points of time (immediately after the intervention and 3 months of follow-up) (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Designing and implementing an educational intervention based on HBM could affect in adopting neck health-promoting behaviors among teachers.Clinical Trial Code: IRCT20210301050542N1, 16/03/2021.first registration has been approved in Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials at (16/03/2021).
Evaluating the genetic relationship between spondyloarthritis and human plasma proteins: Linkage disequilibrium score regression
Authors: Xu Jiawen , Si Haibo , Zeng Yi , Wu Yuangang , Shen Bin
Published: April 2022

Background: Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a kind of complex bone disease influenced by genetic factors, environment, and lifestyles. In recent years, the impact of human plasma proteins on the development of SpA has been reported. However, the genetic relationships between human plasma proteins and SpA have not systematically studied.Methods: The genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary dataset of SpA was derived from a published study, involving a total of 452,264 White British individuals (3,966 SpA patients and 448,298 controls). The GWAS summary dataset for 3,622 human plasma proteins was derived from the published study. Consequently, linkage disequilibrium score regression (LD score regression) analysis was performed to evaluate the genetic correlations between each human plasma protein and SpA. The significant plasma proteins were further compared with the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) detected by the mRNA expression profiles of SpA.Results: For LD score regression analysis, 5 kinds of human plasma proteins were found to be associated with SpA, such as Testis-specific chromodomain protein Y 1(rg =0.2973, P value=0.0439), Interleukin-17D (rg =0.3890, P value=0.0381), Neurensin-1(rg =0.3667, P value=0.0333), Trypsin-2(rg =0.3653, P value=0.0380), Serpin A9(rg =0.3746, P value=0.0424). Among them, IL-17D is the common gene identified for SpA both at protein level and gene expression level (P protein value=0.0006, P mRNA value=0.0381).Conclusions: We identified several SpA associated human plasma proteins. Our novel findings may provide new ideas for the future study of the genetic mechanism of SpA.
Association between Sexual Violence and Unintended Pregnancy among Married Women in Zambia
Authors: Kasonde Mwewa Elizabeth , Bwalya Bwalya Bupe , Nyirenda Elizabeth Tamara , Mapoma Chabila Christopher , Sikaluzwe Milika , Chimpinde Kafiswe , Songolo Gloria
Published: April 2022

Background
Intimate partner violence against women is acknowledged as a worldwide public health issue. One of the outcomes of sexual violence is unintended pregnancy. In Zambia, 15% of married women age 15 to 49 had experienced sexual violence from their husband or partner. Since 1992, the prevalence of unintended pregnancies among women age 15 to 49 has risen to 38%. The link between sexual violence and unintended pregnancy in Zambia was investigated in this study.
Methods
The women's dataset from the 2018 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey was used in this study. The study looked at a weighted sample size of 5,132 women age 15 to 49. Descriptive, chi-square, bivariate, and multivariate binary logistic regressions were used in the data analysis. Multivariate binary logistic regression was performed to establish the net effects of sexual violence and each explanatory variable on unintended pregnancy.
Results
The findings suggest that sexual violence does have a role in unintended pregnancies (AOR 1.74; 1.38–2.19). Contraception use is also a significant predictor of unintended pregnancy (AOR 1.48; 1.16–1.88), even when other characteristics are taken into account. Results have shown that if a woman had ever used contraception and had experienced sexual violence, she was more likely to have an unintended pregnancy.
Conclusion
Spousal sexual violence is highly associated with unintended pregnancies in Zambia. Addressing intimate partner sexual violence is among the ways to prevent unintended pregnancies. It is also important to sensitize on women reporting acts of sexual violence to relevant authorities as this will not only prevent reoccurrence of sexual violence but also reduce unintended pregnancies and associated long-term effects.
Hydroxyproline as a New Biomarker to Differentiate Osteoarthritis from Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Early Stages
Authors: Elbeialy Adel , Elabd Hemmat , Shahen Amira , Ibrahim Radwa
Published: April 2022

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are the most common inflammatory disorders of the musculoskeletal system which are defined by articular cartilage degradation and impairment of joint. When criteria and radiography are insufficient to diagnose early-stages of RA and OA to control disease course, biomarkers become necessary to early diagnosis these diseases.Objective: We searched the levels of (MMP3) and (HP) in the blood of early RA and OA patients in order to see if they can be utilized to distinguish the two diseases at an early stage.Patients and Methods: We recruited 1) forty patients who were diagnosed with early knee osteoarthritis using EULAR and Kellgren-Lawrence radiographic grading criteria, 2) forty patients with early RA (disease duration less than three years), and 3) forty control group consisted of normal volunteers who were age and sex matched. All subjects underwent a thorough medical history, clinical musculoskeletal examination, and laboratory tests, including the determination of blood MMP3 and HP. We did also a simple x-ray of their hands and knee joints.Results: Comparing groups, we found a highly significant increase in serum MMP3 in OA patients than RA patients and control groups. MMP3 was also significantly higher in RA patients than in the control group. While, OA patients had significantly higher HP than RA patients and control groups, whereas RA patients and control groups had no significant difference in HP.Conclusion: Hydroxyproline rather than MMP3 may be employed as a potential biomarker for early differentiation between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Multi-objective Optimization of WEDM Parameters on Mg-HNT-Zr Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite using Taguchi coupled GRA
Authors: Anandan Jayaganthan , Prakash K Soorya , Jino L. , Manoj E. , Jacob Ashwin , Suthan S. Arockia
Published: April 2022

The current research deals on Taguchi coupled grey relational analysis (GRA) multi-objective optimization of Wire Electric Discharge Machining (WEDM) for better surface roughness (Ra) and Material Removal Rate (MRR) over Magnesium/Halloysite Nano Tube/Zirconium (Mg/HNT/Zr) Metal Matrix Composite (MMC). Hybrid Composites are created through the powder metallurgy route by varying the weight percent of reinforcements HNT (5 & 10%) and Zr (0.5 & 1%) to the weight of the base material magnesium. Machining is carried out by varying the factors such as reinforcement’s weight percentage, pulse OFF time, pulse ON time, and wire feed (Wf) based on Taguchi's L27 orthogonal array. The responses surface roughness (Ra) and Material Removal Rate (MRR) were studied through Taguchi coupled GRA to evaluate the optimized machining parameters. ANOVA results reveal the percentage contribution of certain factors over the machining of composites. The developed regression model proved that the predicted values are merely similar to the experimental values of MRR and Ra. The best parametric combinations obtained from optimization are inline as the minimum weight percentage of reinforcements, higher Pon, higher Wf, and the lowered Poff to attain the best rate of MRR during machining and for minimized surface roughness.
Hierarchy of Value Orientation and Beliefs in Climate Change Influencing the Farmer’s Extractive or Non-Extractive Behavior on the Farm: Intergenerational Perspectiv
Authors: Karami Roya
Published: April 2022

Understanding the drivers of farmers’ extractive and non-extractive behavior regarding natural resources became increasingly important in the face of anthropogenic climatic change which is a major challenge of today world. Non extractive or adaptive uses of natural resources in the farm refers to crop diversification, soil and water conservation, less volumes of CO2 emissions. Extractive behavior in the farm is associated with digging deeper wells instead of using water optimally, using chemical fertilizers with more repetition and higher dosage instead of bio-fertilizers, carbon emission and as a result more climate change. To successfully respond to climate change using a cognitive hierarchy model influence of values on the belief and behavior has been assessed among farmers of Zanjan province. The results depicted that value orientations directly and through beliefs in climate change significantly elucidated 21 percent of variability in non-extractive behavior and 26 percent of extractive behavior variance. Further, we found an intergenerational difference in value orientations and behaviors. The recommendations have been presented to increase people's efforts to reduce their ecological footprint in the nature.
Whistler Waves As a Signature of Converging Magnetic Holes in Space Plasmas
Authors: Jiang Wence , Verscharen Daniel , Li Hui , Wang Chi , Klein Kristopher
Published: April 2022

Magnetic holes are plasma structures that trap a large number of particles in a magnetic field that is weaker than the field in its surroundings. The unprecedented high time-resolution observations by NASA's Magnetospheric Multi-Scale (MMS) mission enable us to study the particle dynamics in magnetic holes in the Earth's magnetosheath in great detail. For the first time, we reveal the local generation mechanism of whistler waves by a Landau-resonant instability of electron beams in response to the large-scale evolution of a magnetic hole. As the magnetic hole converges, a pair of counter-streaming electron beams form near the hole's center as a consequence of the combined action of betatron and Fermi effects. The beams trigger the generation of slightly-oblique whistler waves. Our model is supported by a remarkable agreement between our observations and numerical predictions from the Arbitrary Linear Plasma Solver (ALPS). Our study shows that wave-particle interactions are fundamental to the evolution of magnetic holes in space and astrophysical plasmas.
A fast and simple protocol to anaesthesia in chicken embryos
Authors: Horr Mônica , Sommerfeld Simone , Silva Murilo V. , Fonseca Belchiolina B.
Published: April 2022

Our goal was to evaluate different anaesthetic protocols in CEs using an easy inoculation route via a shell membrane (SM). For this, we adopted the heart rate by pulse and movement of the CE as a parameter of pain by assessing the vase in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) directly in the shell. CEs were distributed into the following groups: association of ketamine (5 mg/CE), midazolam (0.05 mg/CE), and morphine (0.15 mg/CE); ketamine (5 mg/CE) and xylazine (0.125 mg/CE); xylazine (0.0125 mg/CE) and morphine (0.15 mg/CE). In this experimental model, associations between different drugs decreased the pulse and the movement, indicating possible sedation. The best result was the association of ketamine (5 mg/CE), midazolam (0.05 mg/CE), and xylazine (0.125 mg/CE) or the association of ketamine (5 mg/CE) and xylazine (0.125 mg/CE). Therefore, we recommend these associations for use in embryos in the final third of embryonic development in experimental protocols and euthanasia.
Prevalence, pattern and risk factors for acute post-dialysis complications in sub-Saharan Africa: Experience from a single centre in north-central Nigeria
Authors: Olatise Olalekan Olayinka , Asaolu Stephen Olabode , Muoka Michael Obinna , Abdulkadir Shafa’atu , Asaolu Dolapo Dorcas , Olatise Thelma Adaku , Abiola Busayo Isaac
Published: April 2022

Background: Haemodialysis is a live-saving process for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) that has saved millions of lives. Main problem: Like other interventional therapies, different complications are associated with it. We evaluated the prevalence, pattern and risk factors for post-dialysis complications in a centre in Nigeria, sub-Saharan Africa.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from 1st November to 31st December, 2021 at the dialysis unit of Zenith Medical and Kidney Centre, Abuja, Nigeria. Every dialysis session done in patients that are conscious was included in the study. Post-dialysis complications were assessed and data were entered into and analysed with SPSS.Results: One hundred and eighty-six patients had 1380 sessions of dialysis in the period. The male-female ratio was 2.6:1 and the mean age was 49.71±15.08 years. Hypertension, diabetes, and glomerulonephritis was CKD aetiology for about 75% of the patients. The most prevalent complications were headache (5.9%) and weakness (4.1%), these were closely followed by body pain (3.8%), and hypertensive crisis (3.6%). Sessions carried out with HD machine and with neckline had significantly more complications. Overweight and HD machine sessions were risk factors for at least one post-dialysis complications (OR= 1.594, CI= 1.029 – 2.470, and OR= 2.234, CI= 1.595 – 3.129 respectively).Conclusion: While some of these complications are serious, most are mild and do not require interventions. It is important for health care professionals in dialysis units to pay attention to patients that are overweight and those that dialyze using the HD machines because of increased risk.
One-pot solution growth of 2D/3D perovskite crystalline lateral heterostructures
Authors: Yang Tiebin , Li Feng , Lin Chun-Ho , Guan Xinwei , Yao Yin , Yang Xudong , Wu Tom , Zheng Rongkun
Published: April 2022

Halide perovskites, due to their remarkable characteristics including high absorption coefficients, tunable bandgaps, superior carrier dynamics, as well as solution-processed procedures, have demonstrated huge potential in next-generation device applications. Creating perovskite heterostructures, featuring the spatial modulation of structural, electronic, and optical properties, is expected to further boost device performance and may even open up new realms; however, direct growth of mixed-dimensional lateral heterostructures remains a significant challenge. Here we present a one-pot solution synthesis of two-/three-dimensional (2D/3D) crystalline perovskite lateral heterostructures, leveraging on their different temperature-dependent solubilities. Various types of heterostructures are demonstrated with well-defined interfaces and negligible ion diffusion, exhibiting clear structural and optical modulations. The resultant photodiodes yield a low dark current less than 0.1 nA and a detectivity exceeding 1013 Jones (much higher than those made of 2D or 3D thin crystals). The facile growth of such lateral crystalline perovskite heterostructures underscores a significant advance and opens up new opportunities for advanced perovskite optoelectronics.
Post Occupancy Evaluation of Housing Reconstruction After Cyclone Sidr
Authors: Kamruzzaman Md. , Harun-Or-Rashid G. M. , Chakrabartty Mithun , Castro Juan Jose
Published: April 2022

Post occupancy evaluation of housing reconstruction after a disaster is imperative for every nation that pushes ahead the idea of resilient housing, which is obligatory for the social, cultural, and economic growth of a society or a country. Cyclone SIDR is the most dreadful of all catastrophes that have struck Bangladesh and aftermath of this catastrophe, a number of donor organizations stepped up to help victims by providing housing solutions. The aim of this study is to effectiveness analysis of the housing reconstruction programs from planning and construction standpoints with a post occupancy framework. Based on three months of detailed field survey at the mostly devastated location of cyclone SIDR, Southkhali Union (small rural area) of Sarankhola Upazila (sub-district) of Bagerhat District, this research infers that the donor organizations didn’t pay much attention in terms of choice, need and decision-making role to provide reconstructed houses for the target beneficiaries. The study found that about 78% of the reconstructed houses hold dissatisfaction of the beneficiaries. As a result, people prompt to transform or modify 54% of the ‘Donor Driven’ houses according to their choice and need soon after completion of the project. Another 16% donor driven house remained abandoned and rest 8% demolished. On the other hand, owner driven houses are functionally perfect, affordable, use locally available natural materials with resilient planning and construction features which reduces disaster vulnerability and sustains for long time in comparison with donor driven houses.
Analysis of factors associated with acceptability of pre-exposure prophylaxis among people at risk for HIV based on Bayesian networks
Authors: Zhou Lingmi , Shi Wuxiang , Assanangkorchai Sawitri , Vichitkunakorn Panupong , Tang Jie
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to assess the acceptability of Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and related influencing factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among female sex workers (FSW), people who inject drugs (PWID), and men who have sex with men (MSM) using respondent driven sampling. Factors influencing PrEP acceptability were estimated using multivariable logistic regression and Bayesian networks. The survey included 765 eligible participants. Overall, 33.5% and 25.3% showed moderate and high levels of PrEP acceptability, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed age, income, insurance, perceived utility, ease of use and risk of PrEP, perceived privacy in using PrEP, perceived comparative advantage of PrEP, and perceived image of PrEP user were associated with PrEP acceptability. The Bayesian network model showed perceived ease of use, perceived image as being health conscious, and perceived comparative advantage of PrEP over other methods concerning having sex whenever wanted were directly associated with acceptability of PrEP. If these three factors were at a high level, 74.6% of the participants would have a high level of acceptability of PrEP. By building complex models, Bayesian networks could identify the important factors associated with PrEP acceptability and provide inference based on prior probability of each factor.
Resilience and social change in the context of a drinking water crisis in Bouaké
Authors: Ouattara Zié Adama
Published: April 2022

The populations of the commune of Bouaké, located in the north-central part of Côte d'Ivoire, experienced in 2018 a drinking water crisis following the drying up of the 'loka' dam operated by the Water Distribution Company of Côte d'Ivoire. This crisis lasted for about 6 months in most of the said locality. To curb it and avoid its corollary of health risks, collective, individual and institutional responses have been made. Using a retrospective and highly ethnographic approach, this research analyzes the resilience and social changes brought about by this crisis in the commune of Bouaké. The data used in this study comes from direct observation, image capture, field diaries and semi-structured interviews with institutional, health and community actors, local authorities and the population.
Impact of unintentional coronary angiography on outcomes of emergency surgery in acute type A aortic dissection: a retrospective study
Authors: Peng Hao , Liu Wei , Jian Kai-Tao , Xia Yu , Liu Jian-Shi , Sun Li-Zhong , Mei Yun-Qing
Published: April 2022

Background: This study investigated the impact of coronary angiography on outcomes of emergency operation in acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) patients who were initially misdiagnosed as the acute coronary syndrome.Methods: From October 2016 to April 2019, 129 patients underwent surgery for ATAAD in our institution, including 21 patients (16.3%, CA group) who received preoperative coronary angiography without knowledge of the ATAAD, and the rest 108 did not (NCA group). Preoperative clinical characteristics, surgical mortality and postoperative complications were compared. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to confirm the independent prognostic factors for short-term and long-term outcomes.Results: Patients undergoing coronary angiography had higher prevalence of preoperative hypotension or shock (61.9% vs 35.2%, P=0.022), ischemic changes on electrocardiogram (66.7% vs 37.0%, P=0.012), platelet inhibition (ADP-induced inhibition 92.0% vs 46.0%, P=0.001), and coronary involvement (66.7% vs 30.6%, P=0.002). 30-day/in-hospital mortality was 4.8% versus 9.3% (P=0.84). CA group had more intraoperative bleeding (1900ml vs 1500ml, P=0.013) and chest-tube drainage on the first postoperative day (1040ml vs 595ml, P=0.028). However, preoperative coronary angiography was not independent risk factors for surgical mortality (OR 0.171, 95%CI 0.013-2.174, P=0.173) and overall survival (HR 0.407; 95%CI 0.080-2.057; P=0.277). Conclusion: Patients undergoing coronary angiography carried a higher risk of preoperative hemodynamic instability, myocardial ischemia, and perioperative bleeding. However, unintentional coronary angiography did not have a significant impact on short-term and long-term outcomes of emergency surgery in ATAAD.
Ensete superbum Roxb Cheesman (wild banana) peel extract ameliorates 2, 4, 6- trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis in rats
Authors: Mathew Nimisha Sarah , Muthukumar S. P. , Bettadaiah B. K. , Negi Pradeep Singh
Published: April 2022

The wild banana plant Ensete superbum Roxb. Cheesman is widely used as traditional remedy among indigenous populations to relieve inflammation, stomachache and diarrhea. Earlier studies have revealed the in-vitro anti-cancer effects of peel dioxane fraction (PD) extracted from ripe peel aqueous extract (PA) of E. superbum on human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines. However, its gastro protective effect in complications of the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as Ulcerative colitis (UC) has not been investigated. In the present work, the oral toxicity of PD was assessed, and its ameliorative effect in an animal model of ulcerative colitis was explored. In the acute and sub-acute toxicity trials, PD fraction's oral administration did not cause fatalities, and no notable changes relative to control were observed. The No-Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of the PD fraction was assessed to be higher than 2000 mg/kg/day in rats. The ameliorative effect of varying concentration of PD fraction (100, 250 and 500 mg/k.g/b.w) in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) induced (intra-rectal administration) ulcerative colitis in rats was evaluated by comparing with the standard drug Sulfasalazine (100 mg/kg/b.w). Colon tissue ulceration with significant mucosal damage was observed in colitis rats, which waned in rats treated with PD fraction (500 mg/kg/b.w.), similar to that of rats treated with the sulfasalazine drug. The antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory capabilities of PD fraction may explain its protective impact; however, more study is needed to unravel the mechanisms of these pathways.
Assessing of the Therapeutic Efficacy of These 2 Treatment Regimens in the Management of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Prospective cohort study
Authors: Tshimpi Antoine W. , Ngoma Patrick , Nkodila Aliocha N. , Mbendi Charles , Beia Aurore , Paka Youyou , Kipiatu Jean Paul , Monsere Trésor , Kengibe Pitshou , Matimbo Jean Jacques , Nganga Mireille N. , Longo-Mbenza Benjamin
Published: April 2022

BackgroundHelicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is a worldwide public health problem. Unfortunately, its management poses a problem because of resistance to antibiotics. However, there are codified treatment protocols covering sequential and concomitant quadritherapy with regard to first-line probabilistic treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic efficacy of these 2 treatment regimens in the management of Hp infection at Kinshasa.MethodsThis was a mixed study, with documentary, descriptive and interventional approaches, carried out between September 1, 2018 and April 30, 2020.ResultsSixty-four patients were collected, including 36 men against 28 women with a sex ratio of 1H:1F; the mean age was 54 ± 16.5 years. There was an over-representation of senior patients (n = 29); an intermediate number of adult patients (n = 22) and a lower number of young patients (n = 13). 34 and 30 were respectively treated according to the concomitant and sequential regimens. Concomitant quadruple therapy offered an eradication rate of 91.2% compared to 56.7% for sequential quadruple therapy; concomitant treatment, advancing age and absence of risky behavior more quickly predicted the occurrence of eradication success.ConclusionThe present study showed superiority of concomitant quadruple therapy over sequential quadruple therapy in first-line treatment. Alcohol with active smoking had a negative influence, while concomitant quadruple therapy, advancement in age had a positive influence on the success of the eradication of Hp infection.
Investigation of interfacial heat transfer characterization for TC4 alloy in triple-layer sheet hot stamping process
Authors: Zhou Jing , Yang Xiaoming , Wang Baoyu , Mu Yanhong
Published: April 2022

During the hot stamping process, heat exchange always occurs between the hot sheet and cold tools. The interfacial heat transfer in the whole forming process will not only affects the forming quality of the parts but also partially determines their post-form mechanical properties and microstructure distribution. As an essential parameter, the interface heat transfer coefficient (IHTC) is of great significance for the prediction of temperature fields in the finite element simulations, especially for the novel forming process named triple-layer sheet hot stamping. In this study, the triple-layer sheet heat exchange experiment is carried out to investigate the interfacial heat transfer behavior of the titanium alloy sheet in the triple-layer sheet hot stamping process. The effects of contact pressure, cladding steel sheet thickness, and contact gap on the interfacial heat transfer behavior and post-form mechanical properties of titanium alloy sheet are analyzed, and the interface heat transfer coefficient between the titanium alloy and high-strength steel sheets is calculated. The finite element model of triple-layer sheet heat transfer is established to verify the accuracy of the calculated interfacial heat transfer coefficient. The results show that the upper and lower steel sheets maintain the temperature of the titanium alloy sheets at a higher level in the triple-layer sheet hot stamping compared with the single-layer one. The temperature of the titanium alloy sheet under the single-layer hot stamping decreases from 900°C to 781.6°C after transferring, a decrease of 118.4°C. The temperature of the titanium alloy sheet only declines by 57.5°C during this period in the triple-layer sheet hot stamping process. In addition, the titanium alloy parts obtained by the triple-layer sheet hot stamping process have better mechanical properties. The IHTC increases with the increase of contact pressure and decreases with the increase of steel sheet thickness and contact gap. The accuracy of the calculated IHTC between the titanium alloy and cladding steel sheets is validated by comparing the results of the experiment and simulation. The maximum error between the simulation results and the experimental measurements is 5.5%.
Design of mutually coupled circuit employing voltage differencing transconductance amplifiers (VDTAs)
Authors: SAYDAM Fatih , KAÇAR Fırat , ÖZER Emre
Published: April 2022

This paper presents a new mutually coupled circuit (MCC) employing voltage differencing transconductance amplifiers (VDTAs), firstly. The proposed circuit consists of two VDTAs, two grounded capacitors, and a single resistor. The inductances can be adjusted independently and electronically. Only one matching condition is required to achieve symmetrical coupling. The time-domain and frequency-domain simulation results confirm the theoretical analysis. An application example is given to demonstrate the functionality of the circuit.
Evaluation of outcomes in the management of primary sporadic desmoid type fibromatosis at a specialist soft tissue sarcoma unit
Authors: Khan Misbah , Almond Max , Ford Samuel , Desai Anant
Published: April 2022

Background: Desmoids are rare fibroblastic tumours whose treatment in any individual case presents a persistent challenge. We endeavoured to evaluate various clinicopathological factors contributing to tumour behaviour. Methods: This is a retrospective review of 95 primary truncal sporadic fibromatosis managed between 2011 and 2020. We studied progression rate for wait and watch(WW) and recurrence rate for the surgically treated group. Relevant event-free survivals and potential risk factors were analysed over a median length of follow-up of 27 months. Results: 66 patients (69.5%) received watchful surveillance and 28 upfront surgery. 2-year progression-free survival in WW group (88.9%) was higher than RFS in the surgical group (77.1%) p=0.02. Adverse event rate compared favourably, 28.8% in WW and 28.6% in surgical group. At final follow-up, rate of stable disease for WW was 47%, and the regression rate was 24.2 %. On Cox regression analysis, meantime to progress was 14+2.0 months, with larger tumour size as a significant prognostic indicator(p= 0.05). Surgical group's mean time to recurrence was 13.8+2.76 months, with tumour location a significant contributing factor(p=0.05). Conclusions: This study confirms to the safety of both treatment approaches. Adverse event rates remained comparable, but event-free survival was longer for the watchful surveillance group.
Response surface methodology mediated process optimization of hexavalent chromium removal from water using spent tea leaves treated with ascorbic acid
Authors: Zaib Qammer , Kyung Daeseung
Published: April 2022

Spent tea leaves were functionalized with ascorbic acid to obtain treated tea waste (t-TW) for adsorption of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from water. The adsorption removal of Cr(VI) was systematically investigated as a function of four experimental factors i.e. pH (2–12), initial Cr(VI) concentration (1- 100 mg.L− 1), t-TW dosage (0–4 g.L− 1), and temperature (10–50°C) by following statistical experimental design. Response surface methodology (RSM) based central composite rotatable experimental design was opted to establish an empirical model which assessed individual and combined effects of factors on the response; adsorption removal of Cr(VI). The model was experimentally verified and statistically validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) before using to predict optimal adsorption removal of Cr(VI) from water. It was observed that, at optimized conditions, ≥ 99% of 1 mg.L− 1 Cr(VI) can be removed by 4 g.L− 1 t-TW at pH = 9. The adsorption mechanism was assessed by performing kinetics and equilibrium studies. The adsorption of Cr(VI) on t-TW followed pseudo-second-order kinetics model and could be described by Langmuir and Temkin isotherms; indicating monolayer adsorption and predominant adsorbate-adsorbent interaction. These results encourage the utilization of tea-waste for hazardous metal contaminant removal from aqueous systems.