bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hepatectomy Offers Superior Survival Compared with Non‐surgical Treatment for ≤3 Metastatic Tumors with Diameters <3 cm from Gastric Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ohkura Yu , Shinohara Hisashi , Haruta Shusuke , Ueno Masaki , Hashimoto Masaji , Sakai Yoshiharu , Udagawa Harushi
Published: July 2015

Background

A consensus has almost been reached in favor of hepatic resection for colorectal cancer metastases. It remains unclear whether resection of gastric cancer metastases in the liver is justified. The purpose of this study was to assess the survival benefit of surgical resection for gastric cancer metastases confined to the liver.

Methods

We reviewed the clinicopathological features and outcome of 107 patients with liver metastases without other non‐curative factors from the case records of 5437 gastric cancer patients. These subjects included 34 synchronous cases with tumors present at the time of gastrectomy and 73 metachronous cases with new lesions that appeared after radical gastrectomy.

Results

Hepatectomies were performed in nine synchronous and four metachronous cases that had ≤3 tumors with diameters <3 cm. The overall survival rates after hepatectomy were significantly higher than those in eligible candidates who did not receive hepatectomy despite having comparable metastatic status (synchronous, n = 8, p = 0.009; metachronous, n = 24, p = 0.016). The survival rate of patients who underwent hepatectomy for synchronous metastases was not inferior to that of patients who underwent hepatectomy for metachronous metastases. The median disease‐free interval in metachronous cases was significantly shorter in patients who did not undergo resection than those who underwent resection. However, multivariate analyses revealed that hepatectomy was the only significant (p = 0.001) prognostic factor whereas DFI was not.

Conclusions

Hepatectomy for ≤3 metastatic tumors with diameters <3 cm offered superior survival compared with non‐surgical treatment even for metastases detected synchronously or within a short period after radical gastrectomy.
The Role of Natural Support Systems in the Post‐deployment Adjustment of Active Duty Military Personnel
Authors: Welsh Janet A. , Olson Jonathan , Perkins Daniel F. , Travis Wendy J. , Ormsby LaJuana
Published: July 2015

This study examined the relations among three different types of naturally occurring social support (from romantic partners, friends and neighbors, and unit leaders) and three indices of service member well‐being (self reports of depressive symptoms, satisfaction with military life, and perceptions of unit readiness) for service members who did and did not report negative experiences associated with military deployment. Data were drawn from the 2011 Community Assessment completed anonymously by more than 63,000 USAF personnel. Regression analyses revealed that higher levels of social support was associated with better outcomes regardless of negative deployment experiences. Evidence of moderation was also noted, with all forms of social support moderating the impact of negative deployment experiences on depressive symptoms and support from unit leaders moderating the impact of negative deployment experience on satisfaction with military life. No moderation was found for perceptions of unit readiness. Subgroup analyses revealed slightly different patterns for male and female service members, with support providing fewer moderation effects for women. These findings may have value for military leaders and mental health professionals working to harness the power of naturally occurring relationships to maximize the positive adjustment of service members and their families. Implications for practices related to re‐integration of post‐deployment military personnel are discussed.
Planning for Sustainability of an Evidence‐Based Mental Health Promotion Program in Canadian Elementary Schools
Authors: Leadbeater Bonnie J. , Gladstone Emilie J. , Sukhawathanakul Paweena
Published: July 2015

Substantial research illuminates many factors effecting the implementation of evidence‐based mental health promotion programs in schools; however, research on how schools plan for sustaining their investments in these programs is limited. In this qualitative study, we elicited descriptions of opportunities and challenges for sustainability. We interviewed 24 individuals from schools involved in a longitudinal, qualitative research project that followed uptake and implementation of the evidence‐based WITS Programs across 2 years (Leadbeater et al. 2012). WITS stands for Walk away, Ignore, Talk it out and Seek help and the online WITS Programs focus on preventing peer victimization (www.witsprograms.ca). Our findings suggest that sustainability planning in schools is not merely a next step following high quality implementation, but rather involves multiple ongoing processes that need to be anticipated and supported by school leadership and program champions and developers in order to realize investments in evidence‐based programs.
Lorazepam v. diazepam for pediatric status epilepticus
Authors: Pinto Rovina Fiona , Turnbull Jennifer
Published: July 2015

Clinical question

Is intravenous (IV) lorazepam superior to IV diazepam in the treatment of pediatric status epilepticus?

Article chosen

Chamberlain JM, Okada P, Holsti M, et al. Lorazepam v. diazepam for pediatric status epilepticus: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2014;311(16):1652-60.

Objective

To determine whether lorazepam has better efficacy and safety than diazepam for treating pediatric status epilepticus.
Using Professional Organizations to Prepare the Behavioral Health Workforce to Respond to the Needs of Pediatric Populations Impacted by Health-Related Disasters: Guiding Principles and Challenges
Authors: Sprang Ginny , Silman Miriam
Published: July 2015

Behavioral health professional organizations are in the unique role of aggregating and disseminating information to their membership before, during, and after health-related disasters to promote the integration of behavioral health services into the public health disaster response plan. This article provides a set of 5 principles to direct this undertaking that are based on the current literature and previous evaluation of the online guidance provided by 6 prominent behavioral health professional organizations. These principles use a strengths-based approach to prioritize resilience; underscore the importance of context, collaboration, and coordination; recognize the unique needs of pediatric populations; and guide ongoing training and content development in the area of biopsychosocial responses to health-related disasters. Recognizing important innovations and strides made by the behavioral health organizations noted in a previous study, this article recommends additional areas in which behavioral health professional organizations can contribute to overall pandemic disaster preparedness and response efforts. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:642–649)
Systematic errors of skin-friction measurements by oil-film interferometry
Authors: Segalini Antonio , Rüedi Jean-Daniel , Monkewitz Peter A.
Published: July 2015

In recent years, the independent measurement of wall shear stress with oil-film or oil-drop interferometry has become a cornerstone of turbulent-boundary-layer research as many arguments depend critically on a precise knowledge of the skin friction ${\it\tau}_{w}^{\ast }$. To our knowledge, all practitioners of oil-drop interferometry have so far used the leading-order similarity solution for asymptotically thin, wedge-shaped, two-dimensional oil films established by Tanner & Blows (J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum., vol. 9, 1976, pp. 194–202) to relate the evolution of drop thickness to ${\it\tau}_{w}^{\ast }$. It is generally believed that this procedure, if carefully implemented, yields the true time-averaged ${\it\tau}_{w}^{\ast }$ within $\pm 1\,\%$ or possibly better, but the systematic errors due to the finite thickness of the oil film have never been determined. They are analysed here for oil films with a thickness of the order of a viscous unit in a zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layer. Neglecting spanwise surface curvature and surface tension effects, corrections due to the secondary air boundary layer above the oil film are derived with a linearised triple-layer approach that accounts for the turbulent shear-stress perturbation by means of modified van-Driest-type closure models. In addition, the correction due to processing oil drops with a slight streamwise surface curvature as if they were exact wedges is quantified. Both corrections are evaluated for oil-drop interferograms acquired in a zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layer at a Reynolds number of around 3500, based on displacement thickness, and are shown to produce a reduction of the friction velocity relative to the basic Tanner and Blows theory of between $-0.1\,\%$ and $-1.5\,\%$, depending on the mixing-length model. Despite the uncertainty about the true correction, the analysis allows the formulation of some guidelines on where and when to analyse interference fringes in order to minimise the error on the measured wall shear stress.
Scaling of detonation velocity in cylinder and slab geometries for ideal, insensitive and non-ideal explosives
Authors: Jackson Scott I. , Short Mark
Published: July 2015

Experiments were conducted to characterize the detonation phase-velocity dependence on charge thickness for two-dimensional detonation in condensed-phase explosive slabs of PBX 9501, PBX 9502 and ANFO. In combination with previous diameter-effect measurements from a cylindrical rate-stick geometry, these data permit examination of the relative scaling of detonation phase velocity between axisymmetric and two-dimensional detonation. We find that the ratio of cylinder radius ($R$) to slab thickness ($T$) at each detonation phase velocity ($D_{0}$) is such that$R(D_{0})/T(D_{0})<1$. The variation in the$R(D_{0})/T(D_{0})$scaling is investigated with two detonation shock dynamics (DSD) models: a lower-order model relates the normal detonation velocity to local shock curvature, while a higher-order model includes the effect of front acceleration and transverse flow. The experimentally observed$R(D_{0})/T(D_{0})$(${<}1$) scaling behaviour for PBX 9501 and PBX 9502 is captured by the lower-order DSD theory, revealing that the variation in the scale factor is due to a difference in the slab and axisymmetric components of the curvature along the shock in the cylindrical geometry. The higher-order DSD theory is required to capture the observed$R(D_{0})/T(D_{0})$(${<}1$) scaling behaviour for ANFO. An asymptotic analysis of the lower-order DSD formulation describes the geometric scaling of the detonation phase velocity between the cylinder and slab geometries as the detonation phase velocity approaches the Chapman–Jouguet value.
On the interaction of a planar shock with an polygon
Authors: Luo Xisheng , Wang Minghu , Si Ting , Zhai Zhigang
Published: July 2015

The interaction of a planar shock wave ($M\approx 1.2$) with an $\text{SF}_{6}$ polygonal inhomogeneity surrounded by air is experimentally investigated. Six polygons including a square, two types of rectangle, two types of triangle, and a diamond are generated by the soap film technique developed in our previous work, in which thin pins are used as angular vertexes to avoid the pressure singularities caused by the surface tension. The evolutions of the shock-accelerated $\text{SF}_{6}$ polygons are captured by a high-speed schlieren system from which wave systems and the interface characteristics can be clearly identified. Both regular and irregular refraction phenomena are observed outside the volume, and more complex wave patterns, including transmitted shock, refracted shock, Mach stem and the interactions between them, are found inside the volume. Two typical irregular refraction phenomena (free precursor refraction, FPR, and free precursor von Neumann refraction, FNR) are observed and analysed, and the transition from FPR to FNR is found, providing the experimental evidence for the transition between different wave patterns numerically found in the literature. Combined with our previous work (Zhai et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 757, 2014, pp. 800–816), the reciprocal transitions between FPR and FNR are experimentally confirmed. The velocities and trajectories of the triple points are further measured and it is found that the motions of the triple points are self-similar or pseudo-stationary. Besides the shock dynamics phenomena, the evolutions of these shocked heavy polygonal volumes, which are quite different from the light ones, are captured and found to be closely related to their initial shapes. Specifically, for square and rectangular geometries, the different width–height ratios result in different behaviours of shock–shock interaction inside the volume, and subsequently different features for the outward jet and the interface. Quantitatively, the time-variations of the interface scales, such as the width and the normalized displacements of the edges, are obtained and compared with those from previous work. The comparison illustrates the superiority of the interface formation method and the significant effect of the initial interface shape on the interface features. Furthermore, the characteristics of the vortex core, including the velocity and vortex spacing, are experimentally measured, and the vortex velocity is compared with those from some circulation models to check the validity of the models. The results in the present work enrich understanding of the shock refraction phenomenon and the database of research into Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI).
ON A QUESTION OF BOURAS CONCERNING WEAK COMPACTNESS OF ALMOST DUNFORD–PETTIS SETS
Authors: CHEN JIN XI , LI LEI
Published: July 2015

We give a positive answer to the question of Bouras [‘Almost Dunford–Pettis sets in Banach lattices’, Rend. Circ. Mat. Palermo (2) 62 (2013), 227–236] concerning weak compactness of almost Dunford–Pettis sets in Banach lattices. That is, every almost Dunford–Pettis set in a Banach lattice $E$ is relatively weakly compact if and only if $E$ is a $\mathit{KB}$-space.
HEAT KERNEL METHOD FOR THE LEVI-CIVITÁ EQUATION IN DISTRIBUTIONS AND HYPERFUNCTIONS
Authors: CHUNG JAEYOUNG , SAHOO PRASANNA K.
Published: July 2015

Let$G$be a commutative group and$\mathbb{C}$the field of complex numbers,$\mathbb{R}^{+}$the set of positive real numbers and$f,g,h,k:G\times \mathbb{R}^{+}\rightarrow \mathbb{C}$. In this paper, we first consider the Levi-Civitá functional inequality$$\begin{eqnarray}\displaystyle |f(x+y,t+s)-g(x,t)h(y,s)-k(y,s)|\leq {\rm\Phi}(t,s),\quad x,y\in G,t,s>0, & & \displaystyle \nonumber\end{eqnarray}$$where${\rm\Phi}:\mathbb{R}^{+}\times \mathbb{R}^{+}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{+}$is a symmetric decreasing function in the sense that${\rm\Phi}(t_{2},s_{2})\leq {\rm\Phi}(t_{1},s_{1})$for all$0<t_{1}\leq t_{2}$and$0<s_{1}\leq s_{2}$. As an application, we solve the Hyers–Ulam stability problem of the Levi-Civitá functional equation$$\begin{eqnarray}\displaystyle u\circ S-v\otimes w-k\circ {\rm\Pi}\in {\mathcal{D}}_{L^{\infty }}^{\prime }(\mathbb{R}^{2n})\quad [\text{respectively}\;{\mathcal{A}}_{L^{\infty }}^{\prime }(\mathbb{R}^{2n})] & & \displaystyle \nonumber\end{eqnarray}$$in the space of Gelfand hyperfunctions, where$u,v,w,k$are Gelfand hyperfunctions,$S(x,y)=x+y,{\rm\Pi}(x,y)=y,x,y\in \mathbb{R}^{n}$, and$\circ$,$\otimes$,${\mathcal{D}}_{L^{\infty }}^{\prime }(\mathbb{R}^{2n})$and${\mathcal{A}}_{L^{\infty }}^{\prime }(\mathbb{R}^{2n})$denote pullback, tensor product and the spaces of bounded distributions and bounded hyperfunctions, respectively.
LIMITING BEHAVIOUR FOR ARRAYS OF UPPER EXTENDED NEGATIVELY DEPENDENT RANDOM VARIABLES
Authors: LITA DA SILVA JOÃO
Published: July 2015

For triangular arrays $\{X_{n,k}:1\leqslant k\leqslant n,n\geqslant 1\}$ of upper extended negatively dependent random variables weakly mean dominated by a random variable $X$ and sequences $\{b_{n}\}$ of positive constants, conditions are given to guarantee an almost sure finite upper bound to $\sum _{k=1}^{n}(X_{n,k}-\mathbb{E}X_{n,k})/\!\sqrt{b_{n}\,\text{Log}\,n}$, where $\text{Log}\,n:=\max \{1,\log n\}$, thus getting control over the limiting rate in terms of the prescribed sequence $\{b_{n}\}$ and permitting us to weaken or strengthen the assumptions on the random variables.
SHIFTED CONVOLUTION SUM OF AND THE FOURIER COEFFICIENT OF HECKE–MAASS FORMS
Authors: TANG HENGCAI
Published: July 2015

Let $\{{\it\phi}_{j}(z):j\geq 1\}$ be an orthonormal basis of Hecke–Maass cusp forms with Laplace eigenvalue $1/4+t_{j}^{2}$. Let ${\it\lambda}_{j}(n)$ be the $n$th Fourier coefficient of ${\it\phi}_{j}$ and $d_{3}(n)$ the divisor function of order three. In this paper, by the circle method and the Voronoi summation formula, the average value of the shifted convolution sum for $d_{3}(n)$ and ${\it\lambda}_{j}(n)$ is considered, leading to the estimate $$\begin{eqnarray}\displaystyle \mathop{\sum }_{n\leq X}d_{3}(n){\it\lambda}_{j}(n-1)\ll X^{29/30+{\it\varepsilon}}, & & \displaystyle \nonumber\end{eqnarray}$$ where the implied constant depends only on $t_{j}$ and ${\it\varepsilon}$.
SOME QUARTIC DIOPHANTINE EQUATIONS IN THE GAUSSIAN INTEGERS
Authors: IZADI FARZALI , NAGHDALI RASOOL FOROOSHANI , BROWN PETER GEOFF
Published: July 2015

In this paper we examine solutions in the Gaussian integers to the Diophantine equation $ax^{4}+by^{4}=cz^{2}$ for different choices of $a,b$ and $c$. Elliptic curve methods are used to show that these equations have a finite number of solutions or have no solution.
High maternal serum ferritin in early pregnancy and risk of spontaneous preterm birth
Authors: Khambalia Amina Z. , Collins Clare E. , Roberts Christine L. , Morris Jonathan M. , Powell Katie L. , Tasevski Vitomir , Nassar Natasha
Published: July 2015

Previous studies have reported inconsistent associations between maternal serum ferritin concentrations and the risk of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). The aim of the present study was to examine the association between Fe biomarkers, including serum ferritin concentrations, and the risk of total ( < 37 weeks), early ( < 34 weeks) and moderate-to-late (34–36 weeks) sPTB. The study cohort included 2254 women with singleton pregnancies attending first-trimester screening in New South Wales, Australia. sPTB included births following spontaneous labour or preterm premature rupture of the membranes. Serum collected at a mean gestational age of 12·0 (sd 0·9) weeks was analysed for Fe biomarkers, including serum ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), and the inflammatory biomarker C-reactive protein. Multivariate logistic regression analysis evaluated the association between low and high Fe levels and sPTB. Women with elevated serum ferritin concentrations were more likely to be older, nulliparous or have gestational diabetes. The multivariate analysis found increased odds of sPTB for women with elevated ferritin levels defined as >75th percentile ( ≥ 43 μg/l) (OR 1·49, 95 % CI 1·06, 2·10) and >90th percentile ( ≥ 68 μg/l) (OR 1·92, 95 % CI 1·25, 2·96). Increased odds of early and moderate-to-late sPTB were associated with ferritin levels >90th percentile (OR 2·50, 95 % CI 1·32, 4·73) and >75th percentile (OR 1·56, 95 % CI 1·03, 2·37), respectively. No association was found between the risk of sPTB and elevated sTfR levels or Fe deficiency. In conclusion, elevated maternal serum ferritin levels in early pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of sPTB from 34 weeks of gestation. The usefulness of early pregnancy ferritin levels in identifying women at risk of sPTB warrants further investigation.
Two new inscribed Storm-god stelae from Arsuz
(İskenderun): ARSUZ 1 and 2
Authors: Dinçol Belkıs , Dinçol Ali , Hawkins J.D. , Peker Hasan , Öztan Aliye , Çelik Ömer
Published: July 2015

In 2007 two stelae, each bearing figures of the Storm-god leading a ruler and a
duplicate Hieroglyphic Luwian text, were discovered at
Uluçınar (formerly Arsuz), on the Turkish coast south of
Iskenderun. The inscription is the work of a Suppiluliuma, son of Manana, king
of the land of Walastin, now understood as the Luwian designation of the Amuq
plain with its capital at the Iron Age site of Tell Tayinat. The stelae,
probably dating to the later tenth century BC, record the successful reign of
the ruler and his happy relations with the Storm-god. Historically important is
a passage which describes this Amuq king's victory over the Cilician plain, the
city of Adana and the land of Hiyawa.
A goddess among Storm-gods. The stele of Tavşantepe and the landscape monuments of southern Cappadocia
Authors: Lanaro Anna
Published: July 2015

Little is known about the geo-political landscape of central Anatolia after the collapse of the Hittite Empire. In particular, almost no archaeological evidence for stone monumental art dating to the post-Hittite period north of the Taurus mountains has survived. Now, the stele of Tavşantepe sheds new light on the history of southern Cappadocia during the so-called ‘dark age’ and offers us a unique insight into the artistic production of this region at the beginning of the first millennium BC. Moreover, its location along one of the most important routes connecting southern Cappadocia with central Anatolia, the Altunhisar valley, helps us reconstruct the socio-religious developments in this area in the period predating the emergence of the Neo-Hittite Kingdom of Tuwana in the eighth century BC.
Gladiatorial games in the Greek East: a complex of reliefs from Cibyra
Authors: Berns Christof , Ekinci H. Ali
Published: July 2015

This article presents a body of architectural reliefs and two stelae from the ancient town of Cibyra in the Roman province of Asia and, in most cases, now kept in the provincial Burdur Museum. The pieces show different aspects of gladiatorial games, such as duels between gladiators and the hunting of animals. It is argued that the architectural reliefs once belonged to three different monumental tombs of munerarii, commemorating specific games sponsored by them, while the stelae were set up for single gladiators after their deaths. An analysis of the style of their execution indicates that the reliefs were produced in the second half of the second century AD. The iconography and composition of the gladiatorial combats depicted on these reliefs seem to have been influenced by a specific Hellenic view of the games, while the venatio scenes emphasise the richness of the show. In total, the material may contribute to a better understanding of the reception and transformation of the munera in the Greek East.
Subjectivity may hinder the application of Kline's teaching framework in comparative contexts
Authors: Dean Lewis G. , Kendal Rachel L.
Published: July 2015

We welcome Kline's attempt to develop an overarching framework to allow much needed collaboration between fields in the study of teaching. While we see much utility in this enterprise, we are concerned that there is too much focus on the behavior of the teacher, without examining results or costs, and the categories within the framework are not sufficiently distinct.
Another way to learn about teaching: What dogs can tell us about the evolution of pedagogy
Authors: Johnston Angie M. , McAuliffe Katherine , Santos Laurie R.
Published: July 2015

Kline argues that it is crucial to isolate the respective roles of teaching and learning in order to understand how pedagogy has evolved. We argue that doing so requires testing species that learn from pedagogy but that rarely teach themselves. Here, we review how one previously neglected species – domesticated dogs (Canis familiaris) – may allow researchers to do just that.
Play to learn, teach by play
Authors: Palagi Elisabetta , Stanyon Roscoe , Demuru Elisa
Published: July 2015

The synthesis provided by Kline in the target article is noteworthy, but ignores the inseparable role of play in the evolution of learning and teaching in both humans and other animals. Play is distinguished and advantaged by its positive feedback reinforcement through pleasure. Play, especially between adults and infants, is probably the platform from which human learning and teaching evolved.
What is teaching? A clear, integrative, operational definition for teaching is still needed
Authors: Eshchar Yonat , Fragaszy Dorothy
Published: July 2015

The study of teaching indeed suffers from multiple approaches built upon disparate views. Kline does an excellent job in explaining the problem, but does not go all the way towards solving it. We suggest that a better operational definition, which could be utilized both in human studies and animal studies, is needed to integrate the field truly.
Teaching as an exaptation
Authors: Smaldino Paul E. , Newton Emily K.
Published: July 2015

We appreciate and endorse Kline's ethological taxonomy and its application. However, the definition of teaching she presents is problematic, as it replaces mentalistic intent with intention on the part of natural selection. We discuss problems with the strict adaptationist view and suggest instead that the five forms of teaching presented in the taxonomy may constitute exaptations rather than adaptations.
Learning in and about opaque worlds
Authors: Tatone Denis , Csibra Gergely
Published: July 2015

We argue that direct active teaching in humans exhibits at least two properties (open-endedness and content opacity) that make the recognition of teaching episodes without ostension untenable. Thus, while we welcome Kline's functional approach to the analysis of teaching, we think that she ignores important features of the socio-environmental niche in which human teaching likely evolved.
Does all teaching rest on evolved traits?
Authors: Chouinard-Thuly Laura , Reader Simon M.
Published: July 2015

Classification schemes are useful when they elucidate common underlying mechanisms, bring together diverse examples, or illustrate gaps in knowledge for empirical investigation. Kline's scheme merges different approaches, but is orthogonal to existing schemes and overemphasizes evolved specializations, potentially at the detriment of clarifying teaching processes. Focus on underlying mechanisms, what is learned, and consequences for information transfer may provide additional utility.
The study of teaching needs an inclusive functional definition
Authors: Fogarty Laurel
Published: July 2015

Frameworks that facilitate interdisciplinary communication on the topic of teaching are certainly needed. However, these frameworks require a solid and widely accepted definition of teaching on which to build. As Kline states, the functional definition forms a good basis for productive comparative work. I briefly discuss the most contentious aspects of the functional definition, and suggest that these issues must be resolved before more detailed frameworks become useful.
To what adaptive problems is human teaching a solution?
Authors: Hernik Mikołaj , Gergely György
Published: July 2015

We welcome Kline's systematic overview of teaching from a functional evolutionary perspective. However, Kline's framework does not provide satisfying characterization of the adaptive problems driving the evolution of teaching through communication found in humans, where the key function is better characterized in terms of licensing inferences to opaque generic content than in terms of overcoming shortages of access and attention.
How arousal influences neural competition: What dual competition does not explain
Authors: Greening Steven G. , Mather Mara
Published: July 2015

We argue that although the “dual competition” model is useful when considering interactions between emotional and neutral stimuli, it fails to account for the influence of emotional arousal on perceptual or goal-directed behavior involving neutral stimuli. We present the “arousal-biased competition” framework as an alternative that accounts for both scenarios.
United we stand, divided we fall: Cognition, emotion, and the moral link between them
Authors: Manfrinati Andrea
Published: July 2015

Contrary to Greene's dual-process theory of moral judgment (Greene 2013), this commentary suggests that the network view of the brain proposed by Pessoa, in which emotion and cognition may be used as labels in the context of certain behaviors, but will not map clearly into compartmentalized pieces of the brain, could represent a better explanation of the rationale behind people's moral behavior.
Neuropsychology still needs to model organismic processes “from within”
Authors: Pascual-Leone Juan , Pascual-Leone Antonio , Arsalidou Marie
Published: July 2015

Four issues are discussed: (1) differences between cognition and emotion; (2) affect, emotion, and motivation differentials, including a neuropsychological model of motivation; (3) mental attention (working memory) as a resource neither affective nor cognitive, but applicable to both; and (4) explication of neuropsychological scheme units, which have neuronal circuits as functional infrastructure, thus helping to clarify the semantics of functional connectivity.
Preferences and motivations with and without inferences
Authors: Winkielman Piotr , Inzlicht Michael , Harmon-Jones Eddie
Published: July 2015

Pessoa (2013) makes an impressive case that emotion, motivation, and cognition are neurally intertwined. Our commentary broadens the discussion to the functional, “mind” level. We argue that philosophical and computational considerations justify some modern “separatist” views. We highlight several psychological phenomena that illustrate independence, including affective and motivational reactions to rudimentary inputs, and the guiding role of such reactions in cognition.
TRIANGULATING MEASURES OF AWARENESS
Authors: Rebuschat Patrick , Hamrick Phillip , Riestenberg Kate , Sachs Rebecca , Ziegler Nicole
Published: July 2015

Williams’s (2005) study on “learning without awareness” and three subsequent extensions (Faretta-Stutenberg & Morgan-Short, 2011; Hama & Leow, 2010; Rebuschat, Hamrick, Sachs, Riestenberg, & Ziegler, 2013) have reported conflicting results, perhaps in part due to differences in how awareness has been measured. The present extension of Williams (2005) addresses this possibility directly by triangulating data from three awareness measures: concurrent verbal reports (think-aloud protocols), retrospective verbal reports (postexposure interviews), and subjective measures (confidence ratings and source attributions). Participants were exposed to an artificial determiner system under incidental learning conditions. One experimental group thought aloud during training, another thought aloud during training and testing, and a third remained silent, as did a trained control group. All participants were then tested by means of a forced-choice task to establish whether learning took place. In addition, all participants provided confidence ratings and source attributions on test items and were interviewed following the test. Our results indicate that, although all experimental groups displayed learning effects, only the silent group was able to generalize the acquired knowledge to novel instances. Comparisons of concurrent and retrospective verbal report data shed light on the conflicting findings previously reported in the literature and highlight important methodological issues in implicit and explicit learning research.
How children aged seven to twelve organize the opening sequence in a map task
Authors: FILIPI ANNA
Published: July 2015

Using the methods of conversation analysis, the opening sequences of a map task in the interactions of sixteen children aged seven to twelve were analyzed. The analytical concerns driving the study were who started, how they started, and how children dealt with differential access to information and the identification of phases within the opening. It was found that all participants oriented to the instruction-giver as the one to start, even when the information-follower commenced the task. With respect to how to start, the older children produced a question and answer sequence or a try-mark to establish a common starting point. Five of the eight younger children inferred a common starting point on the map. Three recurring phases were identified: readiness to begin established through a discourse marker, location of the starting point, and actual instruction. The findings are discussed with reference to the importance of interaction in referential spatial tasks.
The rank of the semigroup of transformations stabilising a partition of a finite set
Authors: ARAÚJO JOÃO , BENTZ WOLFRAM , MITCHELL JAMES D. , SCHNEIDER CSABA
Published: July 2015

Let $\mathcal{P}$ be a partition of a finite set X. We say that a transformation f : X → X preserves (or stabilises) the partition $\mathcal{P}$ if for all P ∈ $\mathcal{P}$ there exists Q ∈ $\mathcal{P}$ such that Pf ⊆ Q. Let T(X, $\mathcal{P}$) denote the semigroup of all full transformations of X that preserve the partition $\mathcal{P}$.

In 2005 Pei Huisheng found an upper bound for the minimum size of the generating sets of T(X, $\mathcal{P}$), when $\mathcal{P}$ is a partition in which all of its parts have the same size. In addition, Pei Huisheng conjectured that his bound was exact. In 2009 the first and last authors used representation theory to solve Pei Huisheng's conjecture.

The aim of this paper is to solve the more complex problem of finding the minimum size of the generating sets of T(X, $\mathcal{P}$), when $\mathcal{P}$ is an arbitrary partition. Again we use representation theory to find the minimum number of elements needed to generate the wreath product of finitely many symmetric groups, and then use this result to solve the problem.

The paper ends with a number of problems for experts in group and semigroup theories.
Exit radii of submanifolds from cylindrical domains in warped product manifolds
Authors: Kumura Hironori
Published: July 2015

Let UB(p0; ρ1) × f MV be a cylindrically bounded domain in a warped product manifold := MB × fMV and let M be an isometrically immersed submanifold in . The purpose of this paper is to provide explicit radii of the geodesic balls of M which first exit from UB(p0; ρ1) × fMV for the case in which the mean curvature of M is sufficiently small and the lower bound of the Ricci curvature of M does not diverge to –∞ too rapidly at infinity.
Infinitely many solutions for a class of sublinear Schrödinger equations with indefinite potentials
Authors: Bahrouni Anouar , Ounaies Hichem , Rădulescu Vicenţiu D.
Published: July 2015

In this paper we are concerned with qualitative properties of entire solutions to a Schrödinger equation with sublinear nonlinearity and sign-changing potentials. Our analysis considers three distinct cases and we establish sufficient conditions for the existence of infinitely many solutions.
Work, Aging, and Risks to Family Life: The Case of Australia
Authors: Biggs Simon , Carr Ashley , Haapala Irja
Published: July 2015

Cette étude examine les relations entre le travail et la famille, en mettant l'accent sur les solutions politiques. La politique australienne est l'exemple de cas dans le contexte des tendances internationales. Un désaccord entre les initiatives politiques et les priorités familiales et personnelles représente un nouveau risque social associé à l'évolution démographique et socioculturelle. Les tendances contemporaines, à la fois nationaux et internationaux, montrent des solutions au "problème du vieillissement démographique" en adoptant une forme d'instrumentalisation économique. Cela limite l'identités d'âge légitimes à ceux qui sont associées avec le travail et l'activité liée au travail. Lorsqu'elle est appliqué à la vie de famille, une telle focalisation risque de réduire l'intérêt de la politique en engagement intergénérationnel à des rôles de soins non rémunérés, tandis qu'on ne tient compte du développement personnel et des priorités de la vie liées à l'âge. Le besoin d'une adaptation culturelle au vieillissement démographique est plus acceptée dans le débat politique, et est considéré ici comme une réponse efficace aux risques personnels, sociaux et économiques du vieillissement de la population et les impacts connexes sur la vie familiale.
Pimps, Prostitutes and Policewomen: The Polish Women Police and the International Campaign against the Traffic in Women and Children between the World Wars
Authors: PETRUCCELLI DAVID
Published: July 2015

Women entered police service between the wars in much of the world as a result of agitation by the international women's movement and the League of Nations. Nearly everywhere a gendered division of police work emerged, with female police primarily responsible for social welfare tasks and their male colleagues handling investigations and arrests. Poland represented a notable exception. Tapping into both international and national concerns, Polish policewomen laid claim to extensive powers by invoking the grave threat of the traffic in women. This focus on trafficking had a paradoxical effect, expanding the possibilities for female policing even as it justified a range of restrictive measures against prostitutes and poor female emigrants.
Adjudicating Loyalty: Identity Politics and Civil Administration in the Hungarian-Slovak Borderlands, 1938–1940
Authors: WATERS LESLIE M.
Published: July 2015

This article discusses loyalty trials conducted in the Hungarian-Slovak borderland region known as Felvidék after it was reannexed to Hungary by the First Vienna Award in 1938. All civil servants who had worked for the Czechoslovak state had to appear before local loyalty commissions to prove their loyalty to the Hungarian state. The commissions' task was complicated by two competing conceptions of loyalty – one investigating civic loyalty, the other national loyalty – and the politicisation and ethnicisation of peoples' daily practices for the previous two decades under Czechoslovak rule.
Pulmonary haemorrhage due to an aortopulmonary collateral artery after arterial switch
Authors: Sugimoto Ai , Ota Noritaka , Sakamoto Kisaburo
Published: July 2015

A neonate with transposition of the great arteries and intact ventricular septum presented without pulmonary over-circulation, and subsequently developed pulmonary haemorrhage after corrective surgery. Postoperative CT revealed an aortopulmonary collateral artery arising from the descending aorta, and we performed successful embolisation on postoperative day 9. Aggressive imaging modalities such as angiography and/or CT imaging with contrast can detect unexpected extra-pulmonary blood supply and guide further management.
PRICE-SETTING WITH UNOBSERVABLE ELASTICITIES OF DEMAND: THE BUSINESS-CYCLE EFFECTS OF HETEROGENEOUS EXPECTATIONS
Authors: Jensen Christian
Published: July 2015

In a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with monopolistic competition and flexible prices, we assume that producers must estimate their demand elasticities, which leads to heterogeneous expectations because of idiosyncratic shocks. I argue that these expectations shape firms' perceptions of relative prices, market shares, and individual demand elasticities, thereby distorting their price-setting and production. This model concludes that discarding the conventional assumption of known and exogenous demand elasticity generates business cycle fluctuations indistinguishable from those produced by traditional productivity shocks.
INFINITARY TABLEAU FOR SEMANTIC TRUTH
Authors: MEADOWS TOBY
Published: July 2015

We provide infinitary proof theories for three common semantic theories of truth: strong Kleene, van Fraassen supervaluation and Cantini supervaluation. The value of these systems is that they provide an easy method of proving simple facts about semantic theories. Moreover we shall show that they also give us a simpler understanding of the computational complexity of these definitions and provide a direct proof that the closure ordinal for Kripke’s definition is $\omega _1^{CK}$. This work can be understood as an effort to provide a proof-theoretic counterpart to Welch’s game-theoretic (Welch, 2009).
Digital I/Q imbalance correction for full-duplex dual-band OFDM radio transceivers
Authors: Zhan Zhaowu , Villemaud Guillaume , Hutu Florin , Gorce Jean-Marie
Published: July 2015

This paper presents a full-duplex dual-band orthogonal frequency division duplexing (OFDM) radio architecture that enables the radio transceiver to be more flexible and provides a viable radio link capacity gain. A simple but practical I/Q imbalance estimation and compensation method, based on the frequency-flat-fading behavior of the self-interference channel, is proposed. The performance of the proposed I/Q imbalance compensation method is evaluated by link level simulation conducted with Advanced Design System and Matlab. The co-simulation results show that the proposed radio transceiver could potentially increase the physical layer transmission rate by four times compared with the conventional radio link at the cost of tolerable loss of bit error rate performance. The I/Q imbalance compensation method can effectively compensate both high and low I/Q imbalance without the problem of algorithm convergence.
The impact of international criminal law and the ICC on national constitutional arrangements
Authors: ELDERKIN RUPERT
Published: July 2015

International criminal law (ICL) developed in large part from international humanitarian law during the mid-to-late twentieth century. The International Criminal Court (ICC), a permanent institution to investigate and prosecute ICL cases finally was established in 2002. Although widely supported, certain states feared that the ICC would diminish national sovereignty. Yet, in formal legal terms, ICL and the ICC’s Rome Statute are just like other branches of public international law in terms of their relationship with national constitutional arrangements. ICL does not challenge states’ primary executive and judicial powers; it does not introduce any general rights for citizens or particularly onerous obligations for states that are already subject to the rule of law; and its intrusion on national sovereignty is only in evidence when a state’s leaders either are responsible for atrocities or are incapable of protecting their citizens from such atrocities. ICL thus is very different from international human rights law (IHRL), which directly impacts national constitutional arrangements. When ICL does come into play, however, arguably it may perform quasi-constitutional functions, in particular offering the only means under public international law to remove state officials from office when they are believed responsible for the most harmful abuses of power.
Seeking Female Sexual Emancipation and the Writing of Women's History
Authors: Pleck Elizabeth H.
Published: July 2015

One of Louise Tilly's most widely cited articles was “Women's Work and European Fertility Patterns” (1976), coauthored with Joan Scott and Miriam Cohen. The subject of the article was a major increase in female illegitimacy at the time of the Industrial Revolution, which Tilly regarded as an instance of female vulnerability caused by isolation and urban migration. Surveys of recent writings by American and British historians about this subject suggest the impact of contemporary attitudes toward female sexual autonomy. This literature offers a far more positive portrait of the causes and consequences of female illegitimacy than Tilly provided.
Writing Women, Work, and Family: The Tilly-Scott Collaboration
Authors: Scott Joan W.
Published: July 2015

Between 1973 and 1977, Louise Tilly and Joan Scott wrote two articles and a book on the history of women that became a standard in the history of women, work, and the development of industrial capitalism. The authors occasionally met to work together, and they spoke on the phone, but mostly, the collaboration was based on their exchange of hundreds of letters. Based largely on the letters that Tilly wrote to her, Scott's reminiscence looks at the way that Louise combined her scholarly work with raising a family, and how she advanced the production of knowledge about women's history through her efforts to put more women and women's history on the program of major history conferences. Finally, the author details how their efforts to critique prevailing assumptions that the history of women's work was an expression of advancing individualist values, made possible by the expansion of the industrial city, resulted in the publication of Women, Work, and Family.
“The Satisfactory Midwife Bag”: Midwifery Regulation in South Carolina, Past and Present Considerations
Authors: Bonaparte Alicia D.
Published: July 2015

This study examines regulatory efforts directed toward black midwives in South Carolina in the early twentieth century as evidenced within the state's Board of Health documents. Using qualitative content analysis and Abbott (1988) and Starr's (1982) discussion of the medico-legal relationship between doctors and the legal profession, I critically examine South Carolina's Sanitary Codes in order to discern the temporal nature of midwifery law in the early twentieth century. I argue that the language within these legislative stipulations governing granny midwives become more restrictive over time in the early twentieth century thanks to antimidwifery advocacy by US physicians and health officials. Further, I demonstrate how the South Carolina State Board of Health ensured that grannies operated appropriately using other black women as midwifery supervisors. This study illustrates how despite the lack of universal laws governing midwifery in the United States in the early twentieth century, South Carolina actively engaged in “rounding up” the midwife using state-appointed midwifery supervisors, increasingly restrictive practice stipulations, and mandatory midwifery training seminars. This research was supported by a Doctoral Dissertation Enhancement Grant and Fellowship.
Miracle Making and the Preservation of Charisma
Authors: Lainer-Vos Dan , Parigi Paolo
Published: July 2015

This article extends Max Weber's theory of the transformation of charisma by exploring the relationships between cults of charismatic miracle workers and the Catholic Church in early modern Europe. We show that, at least in this case, cults of miracle workers were able to preserve their charismatic character even after the death of their leader by securing recognition from the church of their leader as a saint. While the Church in general was concerned over the proliferation of magic, its attitude toward miracle workers in this period was not hostile. Instead, we show that the Church established a canonization procedure that was biased in favor of those miracle workers whose acolytes formed densely connected networks capable of harnessing local support. Rather than being inimical to each other, charismatic authorities and existing institutional structures formed symbiotic relationships. In addition to routinization and depersonalization, we suggest that charismatic authorities can also undergo a process of preservation, which depends on their ability to secure from existing institutions the resources needed to stabilize the relationships between themselves and their staffs.
Political Repression and the Struggles for Human Rights in Mexico: 1968–1990s
Authors: Trevizo Dolores
Published: July 2015

On the basis of qualitative and quantitative data, I show that nonviolent protests against politically motivated repression in Mexico were more significant, both in terms of their histories and their political impact over time, than the literature suggests. I document that Mexico had human rights movements prior to the late 1980s that have been overlooked because activists since 1968 framed their struggles in terms of amnesty for political prisoners as well as the reappearance of, and accounting for, the disappeared. I further show that their 25-plus years of struggle were effective in the passage of two amnesties for political prisoners (1971 and 1978) as well as the emergence of an ombudsman called the National Human Rights Commission (CNDH circa 1989/1990), along with the negotiated settlement of the Zapatista uprising in Chiapas. This evidence suggests that even against strong odds, and even in the context of ongoing repression, nonviolent social movements of relatively powerless people can independently influence nondemocratic governments not only to pass favorable policy, but also to restructure the polity.