bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Code Mixing Employed by the English Lecturers in EFL Classroom
Authors: Hardianto Asep
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this research is to investigate the forms and factors influencing code mixing produced by lecturers. The data of this research is lecturers’ utterances during the subject of speaking and writing learning process in English education study program of STKIP Muhammadiyah Kotabumi. This research used descriptive qualitative method by sociolinguistic approach. The data of this research were recorded, analyzed, and interpreted descriptively. The research result showed that (1) There are four forms of code mixing found such as word, phrase, clause, and repetition word; (2) There are three factors influencing code mixing occurences such as identification of roles, variance identification, and limitation of language utterance. Furthermore, this article is expected to contribute the knowledge related code mixing studies for further research.
KAJIAN STRUKTURAL SASTRA LISAN PEPACCUR MASYARAKAT LAMPUNG PEPADUN DALAM PROSESI PENGAMBILAN GELAR ADAT
Authors: Windo Dicky Irawan Dewi Ratna Ningsih dan
Published: September 2020

Pepaccur is a type of Lampung poetry which contains advice or message in the customary degree ceremony. In this research, data was collected from several regions belonging to the Lampung Abung community, such as Kotabumi Ilir, Blambangan Pagar, Surakarta, Bumi Agung, and Mulang Maya. The problem that will be examined in this study is about the structure contained in Pepaccur. The purpose and benefits of this study are (1) to determine the Pepaccur structure in the Pepadun community in the procession of taking traditional titles; (2) to revitalize Pepaccur Lampung Pepadun people. Descriptive method through qualitative approach is the method used in this study. Data collection techniques used in this study are (1) observation, (2) recording, and (3) interview. Data analysis techniques are carried out by identifying the Pepaccur structure. Based on ethnographic studies that are used as a foothold in this study the Pepaccur structure consists of a framework, diction, sound, tone, and class. (1) Pepaccur framework. Of the 6 Pepaccur text samples, there is only one Pepaccur text that does not have an opening stanza, ie in Pepaccur II text. In addition, the Pepaccur II text is also a text in the form of stories to bind Lampung women. (2) Pepaccur's diction. Based on the results of the analysis, the diction used by people who are Pepaccur is a diction related to marriage. (3) Pepaccur sounds. the sound found in Pepaccur text analysis is a sound pattern abc / abc, ab / ab, aa / aa, a / a. (4) Pepaccur tones. The tone in Pepaccur's text is advising. (5) figurative language. The figurative language found in the Pepaccur text includes; allegory, metaphor, and simile.
KATA SAPAAN KEKERABATAN DALAM MASYARAKAT LAMPUNG SUNGKAI
Authors: Irawan Windo Dicky
Published: September 2020

This article was written to (1) describe the form and use of greeting expression based on lineages in the Lampung Ketapang community, South Sungkai Village,Kotabumi, North Lampung,  (2) describe the form and use of greeting expression based on lineages in the Lampung Ketapang community, Sungkai Selatan Village, Kotabumi, North Lampung. The data in this study consisted of expression of greeting based on lineage in the Lampung community in Ketapang, South Sungkai Subdistrict, Kotabumi, North Lampung. Data has been collected using proficient methods with fishing techniques. The findings of this study are  (1) the form and use of greeting expression based on lineages and based on marital lines.
Talking Stick In Speaking Ability
Authors: Sartipa Dewi
Published: September 2020

Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah sebagai sumber pengetahuan pendidik dan siswa dalam meningkatkan kemampuan siswa untuk tampil berbicara dengan menggunakan teknik tongkat berbicara (Talking Stick). Pendidik dapat menggunakan Tehnik Talking Stick dalam proses pembelajaran karena Tehnik Talking Stick dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara siswa dalam proses pembelajaran bahasa Inggris. Tehnik Talking Stick dalam proses pembelajaran khususnya berbicara bahasa Inggris memiliki hubungan yang erat. Tehnik Talking Stick adalah salah satu tehnik Kegiatan belajar sambil bermain. Tehnik ini adalah satu cara yang bagus untuk di aplikasikan ke dalam proses pembelajaran. Dengan adanya permainan, siswa akan senang dan terhindar dari rasa jenuh saat mempelajari suatu materi yang disajikan oleh gurunya.
ENHANCING LEARNING INTEREST OF EIGHTH GRADERS AT SMP N 1 ABUNG SEMULI BY THE APPLICATION OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING METHOD AND MEDIA
Authors: Susilowati Rini
Published: September 2020

Abstract : Enhancing Learning Interest of Eighth Graders at SMP N 1 Abung Semuli By The Application of Cooperative Learning Method and Media.Direktorat pembelajaran always makes effort to improve education quality in Indonesia through revitalization program of Lembaga Pendidikan Tenaga Kependidikan (LPTK). One of the programs is Penugasan Dosen di Sekolah (PDS). PDS is a program which aimed to build partnership between LPTK and lab schools as well as the other partner schools. The main goal is to improve the quality of teacher candidate and professional teacher. Relating to that goal, LPTK lecturer has a duty to teach directly at partner school and collaborate with partner teacher in the attempt to prepare and conduct an interesting, effective and technological based learning in order it can engage students’ learning interest. Therefore, cooperative learning method and media  in this PDS program are applied in the attempt to increase students’ learning interest in English class.
EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF SAVINGS AND CREDIT SOCIETIES IN KENYA
Authors: Barus Jane J. , Muturi Prof. Willy , Kibati Dr. Patrick , Koima Dr Joel
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of management efficiency on financial performance of savings and credit societies in Kenya.Methodology: The study employed an explanatory research design. The target population was 83 registered deposit taking SACCO’s in Kenya that have been in operation for the last five years. The sample size for the study was all 83 SACCOs that have remained in existence since 2011-2015. Census methodology was used in the study.  Both primary and secondary sources of data were employed.  Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the data using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) and STATA. A pilot study was conducted to measure the research instruments reliability and validity. Descriptive and inferential analysis was conducted to analyze the data. The data was presented using tables and graphs.Results: Based on the findings the study concluded that management efficiency has no significant influence on the financial performance of savings and credit societies in Kenya. The univariate regression results showed that management efficiency has no significant influence on the financial performance of savings and credit societies (p=0.173).Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that with regard to credit risk management, the management should undertake measures to improve Capital adequacy, Asset quality, Management efficiency, Earnings and Liquidity. Further, the study recommended that SACCO's should train their employees as this is likely to increase their productivity.
EMPLOYEES PERCEPTION TOWARDS TALENT MANAGEMENT STRATEGY AND STAFF RETENTION AT DELOITTE & TOUCHE, KENYA
Authors: Mitambo Freda Muchena , Ndemo Prof. Bitange
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to find out the perceptions of employees towards talent management strategy and staff retention at Deloitte & Touche, Kenya.Methodology: This study has adopted the form of a descriptive survey design. The population that was targeted for the study was the 400 employees that work in Deloitte Kenya offices. Therefore the sample size was 80 employees who were at the offices of Deloitte Kenya, who were selected using stratified random sampling which was done using R software. The study made use of primary data that was collected through the use of a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics which include mean and frequencies have been used for the purpose of performing data analysis. The mean scores have been used to rate the factors in order of their importance. After data collection which was carried out through the use of questionnaires, this data was prepared for purposes of analysis by having it edited, sorting out any blank responses that were noted, coding these responses, categorizing it as well as keying it into the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software so as to be able to analyse it.Results: The study found thatremuneration, training and career development; organizational culture, reward and recognition all have a significant and positive association with staff retention.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that both benefits and salaries of employees should be commensurate according to the efforts. In addition the bonus pay to employees should be structured in a manner to motivate employees. This will help in improving employee retention.
A linguagem documentária na negociação de uma política de indexação para bibliotecas universitárias: procedimentos e estratégias da pesquisa-ação integral
Authors: Fujita Mariângela Spotti Lopes
Published: September 2020

A qualidade dos serviços de disseminação online da biblioteca depende da linguagem utilizada para a indexação e recuperação. A linguagem documentária é o instrumento de controle de vocabulário e de política de indexação que faz a diferença na mediação com a linguagem do usuário durante as estratégias de buscas em catálogos online que requerem especificidade e exaustividade. Considerando-se a problemática de uso e não uso de linguagem em catálogo de bibliotecas universitárias, a proposição desta investigação é a de demonstrar o processo de negociação, acerca da linguagem como instrumento facilitador da política de indexação realizado por sistema de biblioteca universitária com método de pesquisa-ação integral. O processo de negociação da política de indexação realizado com a participação de pesquisadores e catalogadores é relatado com enfoque nas decisões sobre a linguagem que produziram mudanças. A elaboração do manual de indexação inclui ações referentes à elementos, variáveis, processo de indexação e, principalmente, acerca do uso de uma única linguagem construída e atualizada pelos catalogadores. Conclui-se que o método de pesquisa-ação integral revelou as diferentes perspectivas dos participantes do contexto de indexação, usuários, catalogadores, dirigentes e bibliotecários sobre os problemas e restrições do contexto de bibliotecas, como seria possível resolvê-los e quais os instrumentos e métodos necessários, o que ajudou no aprimoramento da política de indexação.
Olhar sobre egrossos a partir das redes e do capital social
Authors: Melo Filho Edilson Targino
Published: September 2020

Apresenta a Análise de Redes Sociais como uma possibilidade de estudos de egressos. Abordando o conceito de redes sociais presente da literatura e apresentando sua inter-relação com os conceitos de campo, valores e capital social e informação, conhecimento e saber. Percebe-se a importância de inserir a análise de redes sociais nos estudos de egressos a fim de compreender as relações que os sujeitos desenvolvem dentro da sua área de atuação, entendendo a formação dos laços fortes e fracos, antes mesmo da inserção do mercado de trabalho, como fundamental para o desenvolvimento do capital social.
Extração e visualização de informação em publicações científicas: análise da distribuição de artigos open access com base em currículos de pesquisadores da comunidade brasileira
Authors: Semeler Alexandre Ribas , Pinto Adilson Luiz , Rodrigues Rosangela Schwarz , Nascimento Juarez Vieira do
Published: September 2020

Os periódicos de acesso aberto amplificam e oferecem maior visibilidade para a comunicação científica na web. Além de servirem como base para extração e visualização de informações sobre a produtividade de determinada comunidade científica, por meio deles é possível identificar padrões métricos e realizar a efetiva visualização da interação entre redes de colaboração científica. A distribuição da produção científica de países como o Brasil, sob as vias do acesso aberto, ainda é um desafio a ser mapeado. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo é propor um método para extração e visualização da produção científica de pequenos grupos ou comunidades de cientistas. Os aspectos metodológicos subdividem-se em fases: (A) extração de informação; (B) reorganização e coleta de documentos científicos; (C) classificação e processamento dos dados; e, (D) visualização da informação. Como resultado parcial constatou-se que é pequena representatividade de pesquisadores brasileiros em periódicos de modelo comercial. Os testes realizados mostraram-se uteis para elaborar uma resposta sobre a produção de pesquisadores brasileiros em periódicos de acesso aberto, principalmente, quando publique fora do núcleo de periódicos predominante.
El método de las palabras asociadas en las metrías aplicadas en Colombia
Authors: Restrepo-Arango Cristina , Urbizagástegui-Alvarado Rubén
Published: September 2020

Analiza las palabras clave que aparecen en los documentos publicados en Colombia o en otros países sobre bibliometría, cienciometría, informetría y otros términos asociados con estas palabras que fueron publicados por autores afiliados a instituciones colombianas. Se obtuvo un corpus documental compuesto por un conjunto de 404 documentos que contienen 604 palabras clave diferentes. Estas palabras clave se analizaron con el método de las palabras asociadas (MPA). Se obtuvieron 6 clústeres o grupos de palabras clave (PC) que son: “Informetría”, “Competitividad”, “América Latina”, “Ley de Bradford”, “España”, e “Investigación Científica”, de éstas las que tienen el mayor valor de centralidad son la PC “Informetría” e “Investigación Científica”. La PC “Informetría” es el asunto que está fuertemente conectado con otros clústeres; la PC “Investigación Científica” comienza a ocupar una posición central; la PC “Competitividad” es una temática marginada en la aplicación de las metrías en Colombia; las PC “Ley de Bradford”, “América Latina” y “España” son temáticas periféricas y no desarrolladas.
Currículo e letramento informacional: uma ligação necessária
Authors: Santos Andrea Pereira , Gomes Suely Aquino Henrique , Vilela Benjamim Pereira
Published: September 2020

Propõe-se, a partir de um estudo teórico, qualitativo e exploratório, uma discussão sobre as teorias curriculares e seus aportes teóricos e metodológicos, bem como sua aplicação, com o propósito de contribuir para que os estudantes compreendam os contextos sociais, culturais e científicos que os cercam. Além disso, pretende-se demonstrar como os processos de letramento informacional podem auxiliar na melhor aplicação do currículo. Conclui-se que os desafios são grandes, porém a escola e seus profissionais devem sempre levantar discussões como essas durante suas semanas pedagógicas, encontros científicos e cursos de formação continuada, seja na pós-graduação ou no aperfeiçoamento. São essas reflexões que fazem diferença e podem contribuir para ampliar as possibilidades de aprendizado dos nossos estudantes. Um aprendizado que vá além dos muros da sala de aula.
Ethnomedical Importance of Traditional Medicinal Plants among the Indigenous People of Kanchanpur Subdivision of North Tripura District
Authors: Nagayya Shiddamallayya , Dora Binod B , Janardhanan Anjana , Anku Gyati , Borah Tapashi , Tripathi Ashish K , Rath Chinmay , Mangal Anupam K , Srikanth Narayanam , Dhiman Kartar S
Published: September 2020

Aim:

Documentation of local health traditions (LHT) during the Medico-ethno Botanical Survey (MEBS) by the Regional Ayurveda Research Institute (RARI), Itanagar, was conducted in the remote forests and rural areas of Kanchanpur subdivision of North Tripura. Rural and tribal populace residing in the nearby forest locality is dependent largely on the traditional system of medicine for the treatment and management of health disorders.

Materials and methods:

The MEBS team documented LHT claims from the tribal and rural populace living in natural forest by discussion and interview with traditional healers as per the provided LHT format, followed by recording of the global positioning system (GPS) location, digital photography of the healer and raw drugs used in formulations. The team also collected the raw drugs sample for identification.

Results and discussion:

The MEBS team documented a total of 21 folk claims with 4 polyherbal and 17 single herb formulations collected from the Kanchanpur subdivision, North Tripura, along with digital photography of traditional healers and plants used in formulation. The properties of all 17 single herbal formulations were compared and correlated with the Ayurvedic literature.

Conclusion:

The documented LHT of Kanchanpur subdivision, North Tripura, will benefit in treatment of health-related issues. Properties of plants enlisted in the documented LHT from the local healers are compared and correlated with claimed health conditions to derive significant clinical relevance. The enlisted traditional claims of single herb formulations are pertaining to diseases like udarashula, amlapitta, sutikasrava, mushkavriddhi, kasa, jwara, pratishaya, katishula, twak vikara, uccha raktachapa, vrana, and sarpa damstra can be proposed for clinical trials to achieve the conventional line of treatment. Further it is necessary to study the herbs used in LHT to understand and validate the novel biomolecule for its high potential in treatment and further utilization in Ayurvedic formulation for the benefit of mankind.
Ayurveda-coded Drug (Ayush-SR) for the Management of Occupational Stress among IT Professionals
Authors: Ramana GV , Ota Sarada , Kachare Kalpana B , Chiluveri Sudha K , Rao BCS , Srikanth Narayanam
Published: September 2020

Background:

The IT industry is an important profession now a day, but maximum occupational stress is found in it due to uncertain work environment, shift variations, long working hours, and lack of job security. For the management of occupational stress in IT workers, a clinical study has been undertaken with a coded Ayurvedic medicine well-known for anti-stress activities.

Objective:

To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of Ayurveda medicine Ayush-SR (a coded drug) in the management of occupational stress among IT professionals.

Methods/design:

It is a prospective, randomized double-blind, two-arm, placebo-controlled clinical study. A total 100 IT professionals (50 in each of the arm) will be selected, based on the study inclusion criteria. Group I will receive Ayush-SR tab 1 g twice a day after food and the control arm will receive placebo 1 g twice a day after food for 90 days. The statistical analysis will be done at the end of the trial period to compare the changes in the assessment parameters from the baseline. The study has been approved by the IEC and also registered in CTRI with registration number CTRI 2019/08/020798.

Outcome measures:

The primary outcomes include change in the Occupational Stress Index (OSI) score. Secondary outcomes include changes in WHO Well-being Index (1998 version) and changes in the scores of manasa bhava pareeksha.

Discussion:

The protocol is designed for finding of better clinical outcome and safety profile in management of occupational stress. If found effective, this drug can be listed in management of occupational stress at clinical practice in terms of better efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness intervention. The result will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.
Efficacy and Safety of Ayurveda Interventions for Depression
Authors: Chiluveri Sudha K , Chiluveri Ashwin C , Patel Kishor P , Sharma Sakshi
Published: September 2020

Introduction:

Depression is a disorder of major public health importance. The widely prescribed antidepressants of modern science are falling short in effectively managing the depression. Recent studies reported that depressive patients prefer to use other treatment options like complementary and alternative medicine (CAM therapies). Although systematic reviews on this topic have been published for CAM therapies; however, exclusive to Ayurveda interventions has not been performed till date. Therefore, the present study is intended to do a systematic review of the published clinical data in view of safety, efficacy, or effectiveness of Ayurvedic interventions in the management of depression and meta-analysis of eligible studies will be carried out, if appropriate.

Materials and methods:

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), multiple arms clinical trials, trial quasi-experimental trials (nonrandomized controlled clinical trials and before after studies), and observational studies (case series and case reports) will be performed through databases like PubMed, Cochrane Library (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials: Issue 6 of 12, June 2018), AYUSH Research Portal (Govt. of India), DHARA, Google Scholar, and Online clinical trials registers. Studies published from the date of inception till the date the searches are run will be sought. The selection of the studies, data abstraction, and validations will be performed independently by the reviewers and any disagreements will be discussed by the team with fourth reviewer to reach consensus. Established guidelines for study selection, quality assessment, and narrative synthesis will be followed. Risk of bias assessment will be performed with the help of Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB2) tool for RCTs and risk of bias tool to assess nonrandomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) tool for non- RCTs (NRCTs). Results of the study will be narratively synthesized and presented in count, percentage, and frequency and meta-analysis will be planned if they are sufficiently homogeneous. Patients will not be involved in any phase of the study; however, ethical approval has been obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee.

Dissemination:

The systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will also be disseminated electronically and in print. The review may guide healthcare practices and policy framing regarding the treatment of depression with Ayurvedic interventions.

Study registration no:

PROSPERO-CRD42020139382.
VP 7 De Kleine Oorlog_KRO/ Scholtens
Authors: Vermeer Jaap
Published: September 2020

Toelichting op KRO radio documentaire uit ‘De kleine oorlog’ , van journalist Jaap Vermeer. Dit werd uitgezonden in juli en augustus 1983.
Wintertime radiative effects of black carbon (BC) over Indo-Gangetic Plain as modelled with new BC emission inventoriesin CHIMERE
Authors: Ghosh Sanhita , Verma Shubha , Kuttippurath Jayanarayanan , Menut Laurent
Published: September 2020

Abstract. To reduce the uncertainty in the black carbon (BC) induced climatic impacts from the global and regional aerosol-climate model simulations, it is a foremost requirement to improve the prediction of modelled BC distribution. And that specifically, over the regions where the atmosphere is loaded with a large amount of BC, e.g., the Indo-Gangetic plain (IGP) in the Indian subcontinent. Here we present the wintertime radiative perturbation due to BC with an efficiently modelled BC distribution over the IGP in a high-resolution (0.1° × 0.1°) chemical transport model, CHIMERE, implementing new BC emission inventories. The model efficiency in simulating the observed BC distribution was examined executing five simulations: Constrained and bottomup (Smog, Cmip, Edgar, Pku) implementing respectively, the recently estimated India-based constrained BC emission and the latest bottom-up BC emissions (India-based: Smog-India, and global: Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6), Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research-V4 (EDGAR-V4) and Peking University BC Inventory (PKU)). A low estimated value of the normalised mean bias (NMB) and root mean square error (RMSE) from Constrained estimated BC concentration (NMB: < 17 %) and aerosol optical depth due to BC (BC-AOD) (NMB: 11 %) indicated that simulation with constrained BC emissions in CHIMERE could simulate the distribution of BC pollution over the IGP more efficiently than with the bottom-up. The large BC pollution covering the IGP region comprised of wintertime all-day (daytime) monthly mean BC concentration and BC-AOD from the Constrained, respectively, in the range 14–25 (6–8) µg m−3 and 0.04–0.08, with a strong correlation between the variance in BC emission and simulated BC mass concentration or BC-AOD. Five main hotspot locations were identified in and around Delhi (northern-IGP), Prayagraj (or Allahabad)-Varanasi (central-IGP), Patna-Palamu (upper/lower mideastern-IGP), and Kolkata (eastern-IGP). The wintertime radiative perturbation due to BC aerosols from the Constrained included a wide-spread enhancement in atmospheric radiative warming by 2–3 times and a reduction in surface cooling by 10 %–20 %, with net warming at the top of atmosphere (TOA) of 10–15 W m−2, compared to the atmosphere without BC, for which, a net cooling at the TOA was, although, exhibited. These perturbations were spotted being the strongest around megacities (Kolkata and Delhi), and were inferred as 30 %–50 % lower from the bottomup than the Constrained.
The Spring Transition of the North Pacific Jet and its Relation to Deep Stratosphere-to-Troposphere Mass Transport over Western North America
Authors: Breeden Melissa Leah , Butler Amy Hawes , Albers John Robert , Sprenger Michael , O’Neil Langford Andrew
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Stratosphere-to-troposphere mass transport to the planetary boundary layer (STT-PBL) peaks over the western United States during boreal spring, when deep stratospheric intrusions are most frequent. The tropopause-level jet structure modulates the frequency and character of intrusions, although the precise relationship between STT-PBL and jet variability has not been extensively investigated. In this study, we demonstrate how the north Pacific jet transition from winter to summer leads to the observed peak in STT-PBL. We show that the transition enhances STT-PBL through an increase in storm track activity which produces highly-amplified Rossby waves and more frequent deep stratospheric intrusions over western North America. This dynamic transition coincides with the gradually deepening planetary boundary layer, further facilitating STT-PBL in spring. We find that La Niña conditions in late winter are associated with an earlier jet transition and enhanced STT-PBL due to deeper and more frequent tropopause folds. An opposite response is found during El Niño conditions. ENSO conditions also influence STT-PBL in late spring/early summer, during which time La Niña conditions are associated with larger and more frequent tropopause folds than both El Niño and ENSO neutral conditions. These results suggest that knowledge of ENSO state and the north Pacific jet structure in late winter could be leveraged for predicting the strength of STT-PBL in the following months.
Atmospheric Boundary Layer height estimation from aerosol lidar: a new approach based on morphological image processing techniques
Authors: Vivone Gemine , D'Amico Giuseppe , Summa Donato , Lolli Simone , Amodeo Aldo , Bortoli Daniele , Pappalardo Gelsomina
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) represents the lowermost part of the atmosphere directly in contact with the Earth surface. The estimation of its depth is of crucial importance in meteorology and for anthropogenic pollution studies. The ABL Height (ABLH) measurements are usually far from being adequate, both spatially and temporally. Thus, different remote sensing sources can be of great help in growing both the spatial and temporal ABLH measurement capabilities. To this aim, aerosol backscatter profiles are widely used as proxy to retrieve the ABLH. Hence, the scientific community is making remarkable efforts in developing automatic ABLH retrieval algorithms applied to lidar observations. In this paper, we propose a ABLH estimation algorithm based on image processing techniques applied to the composite image of the total attenuated backscatter coefficient. A pre-processing step is applied to the composite total backscatter image based on morphological filters to properly set-up and adjust the image to detect edges. As final step, the detected edges are post-processed through both mathematical morphology and an object-based analysis. The performance of the proposed approach is assessed on real data acquired by two different lidar systems, deployed in Potenza (Italy) and Evora (Portugal), belonging to the EARLINET network. The proposed approach has shown higher performance than the benchmark consisting of some state-of-the-art ABLH estimation methods.
OH reactivity from the emissions of different tree species: investigating the missing reactivity in a boreal forest
Authors: Praplan Arnaud P. , Tykkä Toni , Schallhart Simon , Tarvainen Virpi , Bäck Jaana , Hellén Heidi
Published: September 2020

Abstract. In forested area, a large fraction of total hydroxyl radical (OH) reactivity remains unaccounted for. Very few studies
have looked at the variations in total OH reactivity from biogenic emissions. In the present study, we investigate
the total OH reactivity from three common boreal tree species (Scots pine, Norway spruce, and downy birch) by comparing
it with the calculated reactivity from the chemically identified emissions. Total OH reactivity was measured using the
comparative reactivity method (CRM), and the chemical composition of the emissions was quantified with two gas
chromatographs coupled with mass spectrometers (GC–MSs). Dynamic branch enclosures were used, and emissions from one
branch of a tree at the time were measured by periodically rotating between them. Results show that birch had the highest values of total OH reactivity of the emissions (TOHRE), while pine had the
lowest. The main drivers for the known reactivity of pine and spruce were monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Birch
emissions were dominated by sesquiterpenes, but monoterpenes and green leaf volatiles (GLVs) were present as well.
However, calculated reactivity values remained low, leading to the highest missing fraction of reactivity (>96 %),
while pine and spruce had similar missing reactivity fractions between 56 % and 82 % (higher in the spring and
decreasing as the summer proceeded). The high average values were driven by low-reactivity periods, and the fraction of
missing reactivity got smaller for pine and spruce when the TOHRE values increased.
Important exceptions were identified for periods when the emission profiles changed from terpenes to GLVs, a family of
compounds containing a backbone of six carbon atoms with various functionalities (e.g. alcohols, aldehydes, esters) that
indicate that the plant is suffering from stress. Then, very high TOHRE values were measured, and the missing fraction
remained high. This study found a different trend in the missing OHRE fraction of the Norway spruce from spring to autumn compared to
one previous study (Nölscher et al., 2013), which indicates that additional studies are required to fully
understand the complexity of biogenic reactive emissions. Future studies of boreal trees in situ should be conducted
to confirm the findings presented.
On Goals of Language Education and Teacher Diversity: Beliefs and Experiences of Japanese-Language Educators in North America
Authors: Mori Junko , Hasegawa Atsushi , Park Jisuk , Suzuki Kimiko
Published: September 2020

This article reports the results of the online survey on Japanese-language educators’ beliefs and experiences concerning their profession that we conducted in the fall of 2018. A total of 355 teachers in North America responded to the survey. The responses were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitative data suggest that the survey respondents almost unanimously agreed on the importance of global and translingual/transcultural competence as a crucial goal for JFL education. However, the items concerning the legitimacy of language varieties (e.g., standard vs. regional dialects), the importance of accuracy (e.g., grammar, pronunciation), and the views on Japanese culture (e.g., emphasis on uniqueness) received rather conflicting responses from the participants. Moreover, qualitative comments brought up the issues of native-speakerism, nihonjinron, and heteronormativity ideologies as prevailing in JFL education. In short, the results illuminate both converging and diverging perspectives of the survey participants and contradictions or dilemmas between aspirational ideals and mundane practices.
AATJ’s Role in Diversity and Inclusion: An Opportunity to Transform into a Well-Integrated Organization
Authors: Watanabe Suwako
Published: September 2020

The survey results (Mori et al., this volume) show that there are divisions among subgroups based on instructional level and language background in the field of Japanese language education. This commentary discusses various kinds of divide or disparity in our professional field based on the author’s experience of involvement in three national professional organizations (ATJ, NCJLT, AATJ). In order for AATJ to become a well-integrated professional organization, the following three recommendations are made: (1) Reevaluate the AATJ’s current mission and bylaws to have a common goal, (2) incorporate the spirit of diversity and inclusion to foster a collegial culture in the organization, and (3) articulate what AATJ wants students to attain through the study of Japanese.
Leveraging Diversity and Inclusivity in Japanese Teacher Community in an American High School District
Authors: Azama Yo
Published: September 2020

In this modern society, a successful team is defined by how well it embraces inclusivity and diversity practices. In order to build a community in which such practice is the norm, first we must establish the environment where each team member can bring his thoughts without fear of judgement, suspension of her own perceptions, seek opportunities to stretch perspectives, and equity of voice is ensured. Such a professional learning community requires clear purpose, shared values, and mindful meeting facilitation. The success of a PLC results in the team's collective efficacy as Albert Bandura defines "a group's shared belief in its conjoint capability to organize and excute the courses of action required to produce given levels of attainment" (1997). We must pay close attention to how to establish a PLC that is inclusive and seeks diverse viewpoints, and cultivates our inner selves while developing communication skills to understand and be understood.
“Can-Do” Statements for a Diverse Japanese Teacher Pipeline: Let’s Widen the Funnel!
Authors: Haxhi Jessica Lee
Published: September 2020

In order to address the lack of diversity among L2 Japanese educators, we must consider how to give more students with diverse backgrounds the opportunity to study Japanese, become language educators, pursue and attain Japanese teacher certification, and find jobs in the field. The NCSSFL-ACTFL Can-Do Statements (2018) defined a path to language proficiency.  This article presents a list of “can-do statements” on the path to becoming an L2 Japanese educator.  These statements illustrate the experiences that students must have access to in order to stay on the path to becoming a Japanese educator, beginning in kindergarten through their job search and satisfaction.  Many of these statements may not be “can-dos” for most students in the U.S currently.  If we as a field can change that reality, we have the potential to widen and diversify the pool of potential L2 Japanese educators for years to come.
Our Language—Linguistic Ideologies and Japanese Dialect Use in L1/L2 Interaction
Authors: Takeuchi Jae DiBello
Published: September 2020

This study uses conversation data and ethnographic interviews to examine the role of meta-talk in speaker legitimacy for L2 Japanese speakers. Autoethnographic analysis of conversation data demonstrates how an L2 speaker is co-constructed (jointly positioned) as a (non)legitimate speaker of Japanese Dialect. The researcher, an L2 Japanese speaker, recorded Japanese conversations with L1 interlocutors, namely, her L1 Japanese spouse and in-laws. Two contrasting cases of L2 Japanese Dialect use are examined. In the first case, L1 interlocutors respond to the L2 speaker’s dialect with meta-talk about “our language,” co-constructing the L2 speaker as a non-legitimate dialect user. In the second case, the L2 speaker’s dialect use is affirmed when the L1 interlocutor uses similar dialect; no meta-talk occurs. The conversation data is supplemented with ethnographic interview data which underscores the prevalence of meta-talk. Meta-talk reveals speakers’ beliefs about legitimate speakerhood in which “our language” does not include L2 speakers. Conversely, the absence of meta-talk affirms the L2 speaker’s dialect use and depicts dialect as a shared form of “our language.” This study contributes to understanding linguistic ideologies, demonstrates how language ownership and speaker legitimacy manifest in Japanese interactions, and adds to research examining Japanese Dialect use by L2 speakers.
Front matter and TOC
Authors: Nara Hiroshi
Published: September 2020

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Mitochondrial Diseases: Diagnosis and Novel Approach for Treatment
Authors: Horvath Rita
Published: September 2020

Mitochondrial diseases are clinically and genetically heterogeneous and tissue specific presentations
are common. It is not known to date why different mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or mutations in nuclear
genes encoding mitochondrial proteins result in very heterogeneous clinical presentations. The
most common causes of mitochondrial diseases in adults are mutations in the mtDNA. A defect of
mitochondrial protein synthesis results in respiratory chain deficiency in patients with common mttRNA
mutations (such as m.3243A>G). Mutations in nuclear genes involved in mitochondrial translation affect
ubiquitously expressed genes, but the result is highly tissue specific symptoms suggesting that there
are additional factors, which contribute to the tissue specificity in mitochondrial translation deficiencies.
Most of these gene defects result in early-onset, severe, and often fatal diseases. The diagnosis of
mitochondrial diseases has changed significantly, as next generation sequencing technologies become
widely available. Although diagnosing mitochondrial disorders require special clinical assessment,
and sometimes biochemical analyses, there is now a strong rationale to perform first-line whole
genome sequencing in mitochondrial diseases. This can accelerate the speed of diagnosis and prevent
expensive and invasive investigations.
Brain Features Distinguishing Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation
Authors: Ross M. Elizabeth
Published: September 2020

Congenital muscular dystrophies associated with glycosylation defects often impact not only
neuromuscular function but may also profoundly affect brain construction and cognitive development.
The mutations in congenital disorders glycosylation (CDG) related genes that are associated with
muscular dystrophy, for which at least 19 are currently recognized, can also produce distinctive patterns
of brain malformation. The spectrum of brain phenotypes and pathogenic mechanisms in these
metabolic disorders will be discussed.
PARASITISMO POR Dioctophyme renale ENCONTRADO EM CÃES DE ABRIGOS DO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO MATEUS DO SUL, ESTADO DO PARANÁ
Authors: Zanchett Camila Tais , Pedrassani Daniela
Published: September 2020

Dioctophyme renale é um nematódeo zoonótico que parasita os rins de carnívoros domésticos e silvestres no Brasil. Entre os cães têm maior prevalência em errantes, principalmente, por conta dos hábitos menos seletivos, tornando interessante o estudo com os mesmos. Animais que vivem em abrigos, geralmente apresentam histórico de viver em ambiente precário, acesso restrito à água limpa e alimento adequado e, em superpopulação, favorecendo a disseminação da dioctofimose. Por conta disso, este trabalho teve o objetivo de verificar a ocorrência do parasitismo por D. renale em cães de abrigos do município de São Mateus do Sul, estado do Paraná. Os animais foram transportados por uma Organização Não Governamental (ONG) até o Hospital Veterinário Escola para procedimento de ovariosalpingohisterectomia (OSH). Os resultados das análises hematológica, bioquímica e da urina foram comparados entre cães parasitados e não parasitados pelo teste t de Student e a idade foi avaliada pelo teste exato de Fisher (p≤ 0,05). Entre agosto e novembro de 2018, o abrigo encaminhou 38 fêmeas, sem raça definida para OSH e destas, três (7,89%) apresentaram ovos do parasito na urina. Um, dentre os três cães positivos para D. renale foi a óbito durante a cirurgia e na necropsia uma fêmea do parasito foi observada no rim esquerdo. A creatinina foi significativamente mais alta nos cães que apresentaram ovos do parasito na urina (p=0,015). Não foram observadas diferenças entre cães que apresentaram ou não ovos do parasita na urina em relação aos fatores: dosagem de ureia e de proteínas plasmáticas totais, hemograma, leucograma, análise física da urina, assim como idade (p>0,05). É possível concluir que em cães do município, principalmente, os de abrigos, os exames rotineiros de urinálise e dosagem de creatinina, mesmo naqueles aparentemente saudáveis, são importantes para um diagnóstico precoce de parasitismo por D. renale.
The Extent of Practicing Management by Love in the Inclusive Schools in Qatar in Accordance with Several Variables from the Perspective of Administrators
Authors: Fakhrou Abdulnaser A. , Ali al-Baher Ibrahim , Ghareeb Sara A.
Published: September 2020

The present study aimed to explore the extent of practicing management by love in the inclusive schools in Qatar from the perspective of administrators at these schools. The sample consists from 342 administrators who were selected through using the random clustering sampling method. A descriptive approach was adopted. A questionnaire was used to meet the study’s goals. It was found that the extent of practicing management by love in the inclusive schools in Qatar is moderate. It was found that there is a statistically significant difference–at the statistical significance level of (a ≤ 0.05)–between the respondents’ attitudes which can be attributed to gender. The latter differences are for the favor of males. It was found that there isn’t any statistically significant difference –at the statistical significance level of (a ≤ 0.05)–between the respondents’ attitudes which can be attributed to experience, or academic qualification. The researchers recommend conducting more studies that aim at shedding a light on management by love and its impact on the performance of educational institutions.
De Euthanasiearresten van de Hoge Raad: lessen voor de toekomst
Authors: Vis J.T.E. (Tim)
Published: September 2020

De Euthanasiearresten van de Hoge Raad: lessen voor de toekomst

De auteur analyseert de in de zaak ‘Kastanje’ gewezen arresten, waarin de Hoge Raad heeft bepaald dat euthanasie bij door voortgeschreden dementie wilsonbekwaam geworden patiënten, op grond van een schriftelijke wilsverklaring, onder voorwaarden is toegestaan. De auteur bespreekt waarom de thematiek in zowel de medische als juridische praktijk tot discussie leidde, beschrijft de bijzondere rechtsgang en het normenkader dat de Hoge Raad heeft vastgesteld en destilleert lessen voor de toekomst. Daarbij gaat hij in op de herijking van de positie van het strafrecht in de euthanasiepraktijk, de rol van het openbaar ministerie daarbij en ontwikkeling van de ‘medisch-professionele norm’.
Cooperation between Insurance Undertakings and Natural Persons versus Insurance Outsourcing
Authors: Nawracała Jakub
Published: September 2020

The present article discusses the qualification of cooperation between insurance undertakings and natural persons who are not their employees in the context of insurance outsourcing regulations. With regard to such cooperation, there are two issues to be resolved. Firstly, in which cases should such cooperation be considered outsourcing within the meaning of the regulations? Secondly, if so, in which cases do we deal without sourcing of core or important activities? If the cooperation is recognized as outsourcing and is assumed to be outsourcing of core and important activities, it leads to certain consequences resulting from law. Therefore, the resolution of these issues is of key importance for the insurance sector, as insurance undertakings widely cooperate with non-employees, especially in the area of claims settlement.
The author concentrates on the premise of the nature of cooperation between an insurance undertaking and a natural person consisting in the assessment whether an activity or function is transferred 'outside', which is an essential criterion of outsourcing. Another criterion in this context is the 'intensity' of the cooperation, namely its permanent or temporary nature. Moreover, other criteria relevant to the assessment of outsourcing of core or important activities have been analysed, such as the material criterion (type of outsourced activities) and the criterion of the scale of cooperation.
Resistência campesina: uma análise do projeto mulheres da caatinga em Igaci e Cacimbinhas, Alagoas, Brasil
Authors: Almeida Ricardo Santos de , Germano Aparecida Mendonça Silva , Melo Maria Aparecida Vieira de
Published: September 2020

Evidenciaremos por meio deste estudo a superação da invisibilidade e a desvalorização da mulher camponesa a partir da experiência produtiva de 30 mulheres gerenciando um empreendimento gerador de renda e trabalho. Para tal, analisaremos o projeto Mulheres da Caatinga que contribui para o empoderamento político e organizacional da Cooperativa Cheiro da Terra associado a práticas educativas contributas neste processo. A pesquisa aqui evidenciada baseia-se em procedimentos qualitativos e traz à tona experiências de empoderamento político das mulheres camponesas participantes do Coletivo de Mulheres do Movimento dos Trabalhadores e Trabalhadoras do Campo (MTC Brasil) que validam por suas práticas de labuta no campo a práxis como eixo central da verdadeira elevação humana sobre sua própria essência.
A rede urbana do Nordeste do Pará
Authors: Ribeiro Willame de Oliveira
Published: September 2020

O objetivo principal do artigo consiste em analisar as interações espaciais entre Castanhal, Capanema e Bragança, no Nordeste do Pará, entre elas e o espaço metropolitano de Belém e as lógicas de centralização em suas respectivas áreas de influência, como uma forma de reconhecer a diferença dessas cidades e as particularidades da rede urbana regional. Os procedimentos metodológicos envolveram constituição de fundamentação teórica, levantamento e análise de documentos e realização de trabalhos de campo. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o Nordeste Paraense se configura enquanto uma região, tendo suas particularidades associadas às características de densidade da rede urbana, das interações espaciais e das especificidades de seu processo de formação. Além disso, as diferenças das cidades de Bragança, Capanema e Castanhal são também importantes elementos na estruturação regional ao passo em que também dela resultam.