bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ascertaining Design Requirements for Postoperative Care Transition Interventions
Authors: Abraham Joanna , King Christopher R. , Meng Alicia
Published: February 2021

Background Handoffs or care transitions from the operating room (OR) to intensive care unit (ICU) are fragmented and vulnerable to communication errors. Although protocols and checklists for standardization help reduce errors, such interventions suffer from limited sustainability. An unexplored aspect is the potential role of developing personalized postoperative transition interventions using artificial intelligence (AI)-generated risks.

Objectives This study was aimed to (1) identify factors affecting sustainability of handoff standardization, (2) utilize a human-centered approach to develop design ideas and prototyping requirements for a sustainable handoff intervention, and (3) explore the potential role for AI risk assessment during handoffs.

Methods We conducted four design workshops with 24 participants representing OR and ICU teams at a large medical academic center. Data collection phases were (1) open-ended questions, (2) closed card sorting of handoff information elements, and (3) scenario-based design ideation and prototyping for a handoff intervention. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Card sorts were further tallied to characterize handoff information elements as core, flexible, or unnecessary.

Results Limited protocol awareness among clinicians and lack of an interdisciplinary electronic health record (EHR)-integrated handoff intervention prevented long-term sustainability of handoff standardization. Clinicians argued for a handoff intervention comprised of core elements (included for all patients) and flexible elements (tailored by patient condition and risks). They also identified unnecessary elements that could be omitted during handoffs. Similarities and differences in handoff intervention requirements among physicians and nurses were noted; in particular, clinicians expressed divergent views on the role of AI-generated postoperative risks.

Conclusion Current postoperative handoff interventions focus largely on standardization of information transfer and handoff processes. Our design approach allowed us to visualize accurate models of user expectations for effective interdisciplinary communication. Insights from this study point toward EHR-integrated, “flexibly standardized” care transition interventions that can automatically generate a patient-centered summary and risk-based report.
Are We Ready for Video Recognition and Computer Vision in the Intensive Care Unit? A Survey
Authors: Glancova Alzbeta , Do Quan T. , Sanghavi Devang K. , Franco Pablo Moreno , Gopal Neethu , Lehman Lindsey M. , Dong Yue , Pickering Brian W. , Herasevich Vitaly
Published: February 2021

Objective Video recording and video recognition (VR) with computer vision have become widely used in many aspects of modern life. Hospitals have employed VR technology for security purposes, however, despite the growing number of studies showing the feasibility of VR software for physiologic monitoring or detection of patient movement, its use in the intensive care unit (ICU) in real-time is sparse and the perception of this novel technology is unknown. The objective of this study is to understand the attitudes of providers, patients, and patient's families toward using VR in the ICU.

Design A 10-question survey instrument was used and distributed into two groups of participants: clinicians (MDs, advance practice providers, registered nurses), patients and families (adult patients and patients' relatives). Questions were specifically worded and section for free text-comments created to elicit respondents' thoughts and attitudes on potential issues and barriers toward implementation of VR in the ICU.

Setting The survey was conducted at Mayo Clinic in Minnesota and Florida.

Results A total of 233 clinicians' and 50 patients' surveys were collected. Both cohorts favored VR under specific circumstances (e.g., invasive intervention and diagnostic manipulation). Acceptable reasons for VR usage according to clinicians were anticipated positive impact on patient safety (70%), and diagnostic suggestions and decision support (51%). A minority of providers was concerned that artificial intelligence (AI) would replace their job (14%) or erode professional skills (28%). The potential use of VR in lawsuits (81% clinicians) and privacy breaches (59% patients) were major areas of concern. Further identified barriers were lack of trust for AI, deterioration of the patient–clinician rapport. Patients agreed with VR unless it does not reduce nursing care or record sensitive scenarios.

Conclusion The survey provides valuable information on the acceptance of VR cameras in the critical care setting including an overview of real concerns and attitudes toward the use of VR technology in the ICU.
Silver iodide free aerosol catalyst with high deicing efficiency for weather modifications
Authors: Song Tinglu , Xu Fan , Yang Rongjie , Guo Xiaoyan , Zou Meishuai , Liu Yan , Li Xiaodong
Published: February 2021

The glaze icing of a transmission line may cause serious damage to the security operation of the power grid. To prevent this, manual interventional aerosols incorporating organic compounds were synthesized. More importantly, they are combustion stable and exhibit excellent ice formation properties at different temperatures. As a result, the deicing performance of these modified aerosols was enhanced significantly. More importantly, the organic-based aerosol sample may exhibit a new reaction mechanism distinct from the conventional silver iodide aerosol. Our results indicate that such organic compounds can be applied as an alternative to replace silver iodide and improve the deicing efficiency of aerosols.
Post-testicular sperm maturation in the saltwater crocodile
Authors: Nixon Brett , Anderson Amanda L. , Bromfield Elizabeth G. , Martin Jacinta H. , Cafe Shenae L. , Skerrett-Byrne David A. , Dun Matthew D. , Eamens Andrew L. , De Iuliis Geoffry N. , Johnston Stephen D.
Published: February 2021

Conservation efforts to secure the long-term survival of crocodilian species would benefit from the establishment of a frozen sperm bank in concert with artificial breeding technologies to maintain genetic diversity among captive assurance populations. Working towards this goal, our research has focused on the saltwater crocodile Crocodylus porosus as a tractable model for understanding crocodilian sperm physiology. In extending our systematic characterisation of saltwater crocodile spermatozoa, in this study we examined the development of motility during sperm transport through the excurrent duct system of the male crocodile. The results show that approximately 20% of crocodile testicular spermatozoa are immediately motile but experience a gradient of increasing motility (percentage motile and rate of movement) as they transit the male reproductive tract (epididymis). Moreover, we confirmed that, as in ejaculated crocodile spermatozoa, increased intracellular cAMP levels promoted a significant and sustained enhancement of sperm motility regardless of whether the cells were isolated from the testis or epididymis. Along with the development of artificial reproductive technologies, this research paves the way for the opportunistic recovery, storage and potential utilisation of post-mortem spermatozoa from genetically valuable animals.
Поэма А. Блока « Двенадцать » в чешской среде
Authors: Kitzlerová Jana
Published: February 2021

This paper consists of confrontational analysis of two Czech translations of Alexander Blok’s famous poem “The
Twelve”: one by Bohumil Mathesius published in 1925 (4th ed. 1977) which was considered canonical for many generations of Czech readers; and the most recent one published
by Lubor Kasal in 2016. The present study tries to ascertain which translation is more accurate and closer to the Russian original
and to identify the flaws and mistakes from the stylistic and semantic point of view which can be found in both translations.
The paper discusses whether the two Czech translations under study render the same aesthetic experience for Czech readers as the
original for its Russian readers. Both translations are closely examined with emphases on several important aspects: the semantic
density of both the original and the Czech translations; the rhythm of the Russian poem and of its Czech versions; the
choice of suitable equivalents in both translations. In the end, the assessment of Lubor Kasal’s Czech translation is overall
positive, as it meets the requirements for the translator and his translation without serious reservations.
Wollastonite (CaSiO3)-based Composite Particles for Synthetic Food Dyes (Brilliant Blue) Removal in Aquatic Media: Synthesis, Characterization and Kinetic study
Authors: Ernawati Lusi , Wahyuono Ruri Agung , Laksono Andromeda Dwi , Ningrum Andriati , Handayani Kurnia , Sabrina Audi
Published: February 2021

We report a facile and environmentally friendly solid-state method to prepare mesoporous wollastonite (calcium silicate, CaSiO3) based composite adsorbent from chicken eggshells and SiO2 powder as starting materials for food dyes removal, i.e. brilliant blue. The CaSiO3 particles were prepared using CaCO3/SiO2 molar ratio of 1:5 and 2:5 and calcined at 1100°C. The physicochemical properties of adsorbent were characterized by SEM-EDX, XRD, BET-BJH, and FTIR analysis whilst the adsorbent performance was assessed for 100 ppm aqueous brilliant blue removal. The obtained CaSiO3 shows single-phase hexagonal structure and the morphology was in irregular shape as revealed by scanning electron micrograph. In addition, the CaSiO3 adsorbent shows specific surface area of 3.053 m2 g−1 and a small pore diameter of 1.52 nm. The dye removal test indicates that maximum adsorption capacity of the dye molecules onto CaSiO3 particles is approximately 173 mg g-1. The adsorption kinetics fit well with the pseudo-second order model while the adsorption equilibrium fits best the Langmuir model. In general, the prepared CaSiO3 composite here is promising for dye removal in contaminated aqueous solution.
Study of waste tyre granulates and polypropylene (PP) fibre as oil sorbent
Authors: Lah Nik Khairul Irfan Nik Ab , Zahid Muhammad Naqiuddin , Fuad Mohd Fazril Irfan Ahmad , Mohd Tengku Amran Tengku , Japperi Nur Shuhadah
Published: February 2021

There were various types of sorbent materials that exist in the current market that dealing with the oil spill incidents. However, because of high cost and incapable of repeated use, make it harder to combating oil spillage effectively and to suite environment friendly material. This study was done to assess waste tyre granulates and polypropylene (PP) fibre as oil sorbent in terms of its capacity, different type of oil absorbs and durability. Two different types of oil where used in this study in measuring the durability of the materials which are diesel and used engine oil. The sorbent capacity and re-usability tests were used to evaluate the practical sorption of each material. From the result it was found that waste tyre granulates had low oil practical sorption than PP fibre with almost 50% different. However, waste tyre granulates had high elasticity compared to PP fibre which enable it to be used repeatedly without losing its oil sorption capability. Therefore, both waste tyre granulates and PP fibre were combined to develop a new composite material sorbent that capable of recovering greater amounts of oil than using waste tyre granulates alone. The result shows that these composite material sorbent can be used repeatedly for at least 25 times.
Simulation study of engineered Integral-Layer with Solid-Skin structure in Microcellular Polystyrene Foam using Superheat-Induced-Foaming method
Authors: Adam Fajar Firstya , Baggery Calvin , Samuel Jeremy , Trisanti Prida Novarita , Sumarno
Published: February 2021

Microcellular plastic foam can be formed by the so-called superheat-induced-foaming method, which known as solid-state foaming process. This process involves the dissolution of the blowing agent (CO2) in polystyrene and foaming the gas-laden polystyrene by induction the superheat on it. This process utilizes the effect of plasticization due to dissolved blowing agent in polystyrene matrices. An interval time which desorption of CO2 occurs, definitely after dissolution CO2 in polystyrene prior the foaming process, would make it is possible to develop the integral layer which consists of transition-cellular-core and solid-skin layer by manipulating the desorption time. In the present study, the solid-skin and integral-core-layer formation is simulated by considering the heat and mass transfer model to predict the solid-skin thickness and classical nucleation theory to predict the amount of cell density. It is concluded that with an increase of desorption time, the solid-skin is thicker, and the cell density is lower, compared with the lower desorption time, thinner solid-skin is obtained. Whereas, an increase in foaming temperature, thinner solid-skin with higher cell density is predicted contrary with lower foaming temperature. Additionally, in this study, the predicted cell nucleation is validated to the experimental results with sum-squared-error about 7.248.
Synthesis of NTC thermistors with screen printing method from natural yarosite minerals
Authors: Aningratri Iga Purwitasari , Nazriati Nazriati , Syarif Dani Gustaman
Published: February 2021

NTC thermistors can make from a mixture of metal oxides. Fe2O3 is a metal oxide contained up to 93.80% in the natural yarosite mineral and has the potential to be used as a material for making thermistors. The objective of this research is to use Fe2O3 from yarosite and Fe2O3 from imports in the production of NTC thermistor and to determine the effect of adding ZrO2 to a mixture of Fe2O3 from yarosite, ZnO and CuO in the manufacture of thick-film oxide ceramic NTC thermistors. Oxide ceramic powder is synthesized, using the sol-gel method. Furthermore, oxide ceramic powder was made into thick-film oxide ceramics made by screen printing technique with a sintering temperature of 1100°C for 2 hours, then characterized using XRD and SEM. After a thick-film oxide ceramic was coated, with silver paste, an NTC thermistor was obtained and measured its electrical resistance to temperature using a multimeter and temperature controller. The results of the analysis of XRD characterization reveal that the crystal system of the ceramic mixture from the samples was rhombohedral. Based on the results of SEM analysis, the addition of ZrO2 doping showed a change in grain size to be smaller. NTC thermistors with raw materials Fe2O3 from yarosite, ZnO, and CuO (Sample I) have resistance which decreases with increasing temperature according to the characteristics of NTC thermistors and has better electrical characteristic than Fe2O3 from imports, ZnO, and CuO (Sample III) for NTC thermistor applications that are preferred commercially. The addition of ZrO2 doping (Sample II) increases the resistance.
Physicochemical characteristics and electrical conductivity of bismuth oxide/activated carbon composite
Authors: Astuti Yayuk , Widiyandari Hendri , Zaqia Faradina A. , Annisa Lifiany , Fajarwati Roshana M. , Hartinah Siti
Published: February 2021

Bismuth oxide/activated carbon composite was prepared from precursors of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate and activated carbon. At first, the Bi(NO3)3 solution was mixed with activated carbon. The activated carbon used varies, namely commercial activated carbon and activated carbon derived from rice husk. The resulting mixtures were then heated into a hydrothermal reactor at a temperature of 110°C for 5 hours. The results obtained were then characterized using FTIR, XRD and LCR meter. The results showed that Bi-O and Bi-O-Bi functional groups and α-Bi2O3 had appeared in both products indicating bismuth oxide had been formed. Meanwhile, the results of electrical conductivity characterization for bismuth oxide/rice husk activated carbon composite is higher than bismuth oxide/commercial activated carbon composites. In the future, bismuth oxide/activated carbon composites can be applied as materials for producing battery electrodes; however, further research must be undertaken.
An overview on antibiofouling agent from carica seeds waste as antifoulant coating
Authors: Sari Ni Kadek Adnya Kusuma , Arrois Sadam , Gunawan Tiara Amelia , Ariyanti Dessy
Published: February 2021

TBT (Tributyltin) is used to prevent biofouling, but it causes a dangerous effect on other marine biodiversity. In Wonosobo Regency, there are lots of Carica seeds (9 tons/month) which not utilized and considered as wastes. Whereas Carica seeds contain active compounds (saponins, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, and tannins) which are classified as antibacterial agent. Antibacterial compounds are used to prevent the formation of biofilms (which cause biofouling). This article discusses the antibacterial activity of Carica seeds and its prospects as an antifoulant coating. The general mechanism of the inhibition of the biofilm formation featuring bacteria were explained as sequences as follow (1) inhibiting cell division, (2) inhibiting DNA and RNA synthesis and (3) damaging cell membranes. By the number of antibacterial components contained in Carica seed, it has the potential to be used as an antifoulant coating because of its antibacterial and antibiofilm activity. However, further research needs to be done regarding the effective composition of the Carica seed waste and coating materials (binders, pigments, solvents, and additives) and their characteristics.
Synthesis of 131I Iopamidol as a Tracer for Development of Iopamidol CT-Scan Contrast Agent
Authors: Widjaksana W , Rezka Putra A , Juliyanto S , Khoirunnisa  , Hanifah B
Published: February 2021

Computed Tomography (CT) Scan is a means of imaging/diagnostic method which is preferable in hospitals in terms of availability, efficiency and cost. Currently, CT contrast agent most widely used is the iodinated derivatives, due to its high X-ray absorption coefficient. Contrast agent is a medical preparation used in CT-scan modality which has capability of enhancing the performance of CT-scan to differentiate between target organs and surrounding tissues, and one of them is iopamidol. Development of iopamidol contrast agent requires several steps, i.e formulation, characterization, in-vitro and in-vivo tests prior to clinical study. To do in vivo study or biodistribution study in experimental animals, a radioactive iopamidol should be used to trace the compound throughout the body to predict its pharmacokinetics, and for that purpose a radioiodine (Iodium-131 or 131I) labeled iopamidol will be used. Optimation in the synthesis of 131I iopamidol was carried out by varying pH, temperature and reaction time to obtain 131I iopamidol with high radiochemical purity of more than 90% as a requirement of radiopharmaceutical preparation. The radiolabeled product was characterized using HPLC and the labeling efficiency was measured by TLC. The optimum condition obtained was repeated 3 times and the product was tested for stability in room temperature. Characterization using HPLC showed that retention time (Rt) of radiolabeled iopamidol was close to that of native iopamidol at ∼ 6 min, indicating that 131I iopamidol was already formed. Iodium-131 labeled iopamidol has been successfully synthesized with labeling efficiency or radiochemical purity of 96% ± 1%, and the optimum condition of 131I iopamidol reaction was obtained at pH 9, temperature of 140°C in 5 minutes reaction time, and the product was stable in room temperature up to 7 days. It is concluded that radioiodinated iopamidol has been successfully synthesized and will be used in the formulation of iopamidol as a part of iopamidol contrast agent development for CT-Scan purpose.
Lactic Acid Fermentation from Durian Seeds (Durio zibethinus Murr.) Using Lactobacillus plantarum
Authors: Abdullah Abdullah , Winaningsih Ima , Hadiyarto Agus
Published: February 2021

Durian is one of the abundant seasonal fruits at harvest time. Generally, the part consumed in durian is its salute fruit or its meat. Durian seeds contain 70-80% carbohydrates, but not yet utilized. Carbohydrates can be fermented into lactic acid using Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria. Lactic acid is a raw material for biodegradable plastic/poly lactic acid (PLA). The purposes of this study were to determine the effect of substrate concentration (7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15% and 17.5%), inoculum concentration (2%, 5%, 7%, 10% and 12%), and yeast extract concentration ( 0 g/L, 2.5 g/L, 5 g/L, 7.5 g/L and 10 g/L) on the yield and the concentration of lactic acid produced. The research was initialized by making durian seed flour, testing the proximate value of the materials, bacterial inoculation, fermentation of durian seed flour at 37°C, agitation speed of 100 rpm for 72 hours, then the fermentation results were analyzed for lactic acid concentration using UPLC (Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography). The highest yield and lactic acid concentration at substrate concentration of 15% were 12.51% and 13.75g/L, at inoculum concentration of 2% were 19.44% and 21.3 8g/L, while the highest yield and lactic acid concentration at 10 g/L yeast extract concentration were 21.76% % and 23.92 g/L.
Optimization of Lactic Acid Fermentation from Durian Seeds (Durio zibethinus Murr.) Using Response Surface Method
Authors: Abdullah Abdullah , Winaningsih Ima , Hadiyarto Agus
Published: February 2021

Lactic acid production in Indonesia has not been able to meet the needs of the industry, especially as the raw material for biodegradable plastic/poly lactic acid (PLA), thus an inexpensive and abundant alternative material is needed, based on previous research, durian seed waste has the potential as a raw material to produce lactic acid by fermentation using Lactobacillus Plantarum bacteria, but there is no optimization yet. This study aimed to determine the optimization mathematical modeling of the variables that affected yield and concentration of lactic acid, namely substrate concentration (15%), inoculum concentration (2%), and yeast extract concentration (10 g/L), using the Response Surface Method (RSM) and Central Composite Design (CCD) to save time and costs. This research was conducted in several stages, preparation of raw materials, testing the proximate value of the materials, inoculation and rejuvenation of bacteria, fermentation at 37°C, agitation speed of 100 rpm for 72 hours, then the fermentation results were analyzed using UPLC (Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography) for its lactic acid concentration. Response Surface Method (RSM) was executed by using software Minitab 17. The obtained mathematical equation model for the fermentation reaction of lactic acid production was Y = 22.49 + 1.883X1 + 1.305X2 + 1.380X3 - 3.273X1*X1 - 2.558X2*X2 - 1.475X3*X3 - 0.968X1*X2 + 0.390X1*X3 + 0.954X2*X3 with the optimum conditions for substrate concentration, inoculum concentration, and yeast extract concentration respectively of 15.14%, 2.16% and 10.3 g/L.
A Comparison of the Bioethanol Production from Suweg (Amorphophallus campanulatus) through Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation as well as Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Hargono H , Jos B , Purwanto P , Sumardiono S , Zakaria MF
Published: February 2021

Suweg has the potential to develop bioethanol because of the high starch content. This is a form of ethanol produced from living organisms. The processes used include separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) as well as simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). Furthermore, the components utilised in this study include StargenTM 002 (1.5%, w/w) for hydrolysis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae for fermentation at a temperature, and PH of 30ºC and 4.5 respectively, with varying starch concentrations (150-250 gL−1). The results showed the highest ethanol yield of 89.57 and 99.52 gL−1 from SHF and SSF, respectively from a suweg concentration of 200 gL−1 treated for 54 h. Meanwhile, 250 gL−1 samples attained 62.22; 99.57; and 101.56 gL−1, respectively. Therefore, SSF method provided a more efficient process for producing bioethanol using the 250 gL−1 concentration, although the increase from 200 gL−1 to 250 gL−1 only produced a 1.96% higher yield.
Garcinia mangostana L. fruit rind extract in ethyl acetate, n- butanol and water fractions: phytochemical analysis, antioxidant assay and cytotoxicity assay
Authors: Krisanti Elsa Anisa , Farizal Ashri Nadhira , Mulia Kamarza
Published: February 2021

The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between the phytochemical content of the fruit rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn with antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of different fractions (ethyl acetate, n-butanol, water) of the xanthones extract. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest total xanthones as quercetin equivalent and α-mangostin equivalent, total xanthones as a-mangostin, and, total polyphenol content. High antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity were also shown from the ethyl acetate fraction with 55.8 μg/ml and 0.0029 μg/ml for IC50 and LC50 values, respectively. The linear correlations were confirmed between the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity as well as cytotoxicity of the xanthones extracts. The results of bioactivity assays and photochemical analysis of different fractions of xanthones extract showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of xanthones extract can be considered as a promising source of anticancer bioactives to be used in controlled release formulations.
Consistency of batch anaerobic digestion process of high and low activated sludge concentrations to the interference of sodium benzoate as preservative material
Authors: Sumantri I , Murdiyono
Published: February 2021

Anaerobic digestion resulted best performance in degradation of organic materials. Degradation of the organic materials was stated as complete by the formation of methane, carbon dioxide etc. (or biogas) as the final product of degradation. Food or beverages products utilized preservative agents in order to prolong the expired date. Sodium benzoate is the most common of preservative agent which can be used for both food and beverages. This experiments were pointed out to observe the effect of high and low activated sludge to the formation of biogas. Research was conducted in some batch mode reactor systems employing high and low of activated sludge (80% and 20% of volume) and solution concentration of sodium benzoate volume. The activated sludge used was 12 g MLSS/L. Concentrations of sodium benzoate used were 400, 600, and 800 mg/L. Product of biogas samples was measured every two days for 60 days of experiment. The results showed that the volume ratio of activated sludge and sodium benzoate of 80% able to reduce the interference of sodium benzoate and for 20% was not able to produce biogas where the load of sodium benzoate influenced the production of biogas.
Alginate Modification for Stabilizing Fish Oil Emulsion
Authors: Wardhani D H , Ulya H N , Kumoro A C , Aryanti N
Published: February 2021

Alginate has been widely used in food industries, including for encapsulant of active agent preservation. This polysaccharide is highly hydrophilic and had been studied as an excellent material for encapsulating water-soluble substances. Fish oil which mainly contained omega-3, provides many health benefits including for reducing the effects of hearth and mental disorder. Regardless fish oil’s goodness, its taste and aroma become an obstacle in direct consumption. Encapsulation is one method to mask these problems. However, different hydrophilicity has been repelled the use of alginate as fish oil excipient. Succesful encapsulation requires a stable emulsion between alginate and fish oil. Hence, alginate should be modified to improve its hydrophobic properties. This study was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the modified alginate using stearic acid on stabilizing fish oil emulsion. Effect of heating treatment on alginate modification was conducted. The infrared spectra confirmed the alteration of alginate functional groups. The modified alginate improved stabilization of fish oil emulsion up to 100 min at room temperature. This study revealed the possibility to modify the hydrophobic functional group on alginate using stearic acid to upgrade its emulsification ability.
Role of The Concentration of Fe/C Catalysts on Heterogeneous Fenton Degradation Remazol Yellow FG
Authors: Amelia Shinta , Muflikhah R. Septiani , Ustinah
Published: February 2021

Remazol Yellow FG is a thiazine dye widely used in textile industries. This compound is difficult to degrade naturally. One method that can be used for wastewater treatment is the Advanced Oxidation Process with heterogeneous Fenton reaction. The heterogeneous Fenton reaction mechanism uses H2O2 as an oxidizer and iron nanoparticles as a catalyst. One material that can be used as catalyst support for iron nanoparticles is activated carbon. Activated carbon can be modified as a catalyst support because it has a large surface area. Iron oxide (Fe2O3) is embedded in activated carbon through the process of impregnation and calcination at a temperature of 300°C. Fe2O3 loading varies 2%, 4%, and 6% of the total carbon mass. Fe/C catalysts were characterized by SEM and BET-BJH. The catalytic degradation reaction of Remazol Yellow FG was carried out by dissolving 200ml of Remazol Yellow FG at a concentration of 20ppm and adding 5ml of H2O2.The degradation results using 96 hours Fe/C catalyst for variations of concentration were analyzed using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Then the measurement of degradation for Fe2O3 concentration of 2%, 4%, 6% using the heterogeneous Fenton method resulted in the percent removal of 16.82%, 40.46%, 38.32%. Whereas using physical adsorption on each variable Fe2O3 concentration did not result in percent removal. Data shows that the degradation capacity of Remazol Yellow FG using heterogeneous Fenton reaction increases with increasing Fe2O3 concentration. This also proves that the heterogeneous Fenton method using the Fe/C catalyst is effective for the degradation of Remazol Yellow FG.
Kinetic Study of Glycerol Monolaurate (GML) Production from Glycerol with Lauric Acid Using a Dealuminated Zeolite Y Catalyst
Authors: Oktavianty H , Sasongko S B , Buchori L , Anggoro D D
Published: February 2021

This study aims is to study the ability of zeolite Y to produced higher yield of glycerol monolaurate. This study focused on dealumination zeolite synthesis Y applied on glycerol monolaurate synthesis and kinetic study of glycerol monolaurate synthesis. The stages of this research consisted of zeolite Y catalyst dealumination, synthesis of glycerol monolaurate and acid-base analysis of catalyst. The esterification process was carried out with 1: 7.5 mole ratio of reactant (glycerol/lauric acid) at 1300C and a stirring speed of 300 rpm. Data obtained from the experimental results show that the longer the time used, the greater the ability of the zeolite Y to synthesize the glycerol monolaurate. The esterification process was carried out by using 2nd order rate equation with R2 about 0,9051 with ratio of the first reactant CA0≠CB0. The determination of k value was expressed by equation

l
n

M
−
X
A

M

(

1
−
X
A

)

=

(

C

B
O

−

C

A
O

)

k
t

. Constant reaction rate value of glycerol monolaurate is 0,006805 L/mol.min.
PHENOL WASTE TREATMENT USING OZONE-PLASMA HYBRID REACTOR
Authors: Luvita Veny , Bismo Setijo , Sugiarto Anto Tri
Published: February 2021

Phenol is one of the most dangerous ingredients in industrial wastewater, which has acute toxicity and is difficult to degrade in the environment. Therefore, Ozone-Plasma Hybrid Reactor (RHOP) is an effective phenol waste treatment used to test the performance of the treatment of synthetic phenolic compounds. Its working principle is based on the combination of ozonation reaction in the liquid plasma field of the reactor. Ozone as a reagent is produced by the ozonator, which is fed into the RHOP by mixing it with the liquid phase feed in the injector to enable the intensive the reaction of the two-phase mixture react. Furthermore, the two-phase mixture intensifies hydroxyl radicals when the liquid phase is in alkaline condition and continuously exposed in plasma. The results obtained from the performance test carried out on several wastes with high concentrations, showed that the system needed improvement. The improvements were made by changing the reactor system to Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma with wire cylinder configuration, to degrade synthetic waste containing phenolic compounds through active species formed in the reactor. This process has a high oxidation potential and decomposes various organic pollutants in waste. Furthermore, the ozonation technique was applied to the DBD reactor with the aim of increasing the amount of ozone and OH• radicals, therefore maximizing the phenol degradation process.
Concrete Brick Production Using a Mixture of Paint Waste by Solidification Process
Authors: Purwanto P , Sudarno S , Citra A D P
Published: February 2021

Unutilized hazardous and toxic waste requires management and landfill costs. Hazardous and toxic paint waste can be used as additional raw material to make brick products through solidification. Concrete bricks are made from a mixture of cement (1 part) and sand (14 parts) with the addition of water for mixing purpose. The mixture composition is 0,1,2,4,6, and 8% by using paint waste as the raw material added. Then, the quality of concrete brick products is tested on compressive strength and water permeability. The test results can be used as recommendations for the use of paint waste into products and reduce waste management costs.
Review on hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) in the dairy product: Cheese
Authors: Suherman S , Janitra A A , Budhiary K N S , Pratiwi W Z , Idris F A
Published: February 2021

Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) is a control system in the effort to prevent problems that are based on the identification of critical points in the handling and production stages. HACCP is a form of risk management that was created to guarantee food safety with a preventive methodology which is considered to provide guarantees in producing food that is safe for consumers. The purpose of this study was to determine the application and effectiveness of HACCP from fresh milk and its derivative products in the form of cheese at PT. G, so that a system that is truly capable of guaranteeing the product is produced. In the milk production process there are many aspects that need to be considered, starting from the initial stage of quality control of raw materials to the final product of the production process which is then stored in a warehouse. The method used is the elaboration of the Codex Alimentarius Commission in the European Committee for Standardization 2004 Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system. Based on the analysis of the flow diagram shows that there are critical control points both for microbiological, chemical and physical quality in the process of receiving raw materials (fresh milk) and at the production of critical points.
Development of Natural Gas Hub Network Based on Specific Total Annual Cost in East Java Region
Authors: Ardian Irfan , Rifqi Furtiansyah M. , Anugraha Rendra Panca , Sutikno Juwari Purwo , Handogo Renanto
Published: February 2021

Natural Gas is one of fossil fuel energy with the lowest CO2 emission and has been widely used in Indonesia. However, the absorption of natural gas in Indonesia is still not optimal. Several regions have natural gas supply above the region’s needs and some regions otherwise. The solution to these problems is to create a coordinated gas network in a system that called the hub method. In this method, all producers send their gas to the hub or collection point, then the gas is sent from the hub to consumers. Later a regasification station and LNG plant were connected into the hub. With this method, the problem of excess gas supply and lack of natural gas can be overcome. In this study, the natural gas network was developed by using hub method modelling with the case study in East Java. The first model is the grassroots model which assumes there is no natural gas network in the region. The second model is a combined model that was done by modifying/adding pipelines from existing pipelines. The two models were optimized by minimizing the total annual cost (TAC) needed which includes the cost of making and operating pipes and compressors. From the results obtained, the specific TAC which is the TAC divided by annual gas supply capacity from the grassroots, existing, and combined models are US$ 1.52/MMbtu, US$ 1.50/MMbtu, and US$ 1.44/MMbtu, respectively. Therefore, the combined model is the most optimal based on specific TAC.
Study on Making a Prototype Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) as an Alternative Electric Energy Source
Authors: Sasongko Setia Budi , Novasari Diana , Ramadhan Dzillan Hidayat , Fadlilah Muthi’ah Nur , Pratiwi Wahyu Zuli
Published: February 2021

Sunlight as a potential renewable energy source is an ideal solution to meet the increasing electricity needs. Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) is an environmentally friendly solar cell because it uses dye organic matter. The purpose of this study was to make a DSSC prototype and examine the effect of dye types and the concentration and thickness of TiO2 layers on the DSSC voltage produced. Solar cells are devices that convert sunlight radiation into electrical energy. Solar cells use a photo-electric effect from semiconductor materials so they can collect solar radiation and convert it into electrical energy. Today, one of the solar cells developed is DSSC which uses electrolytes as an electron transportation medium. DSSC consists of TiO2 nanopores, dye molecules adsorbed on the surface of TiO2, and electrolyte solutions which are all deposited between two conductive glass. In this study, a prototype of DSSC was carried out using organic materials from the extraction of dragon fruit, orange fruits and darker colored mustard greens. Dye extract is adsorbed by TiO2 nanopores which have been deposited into conductive glass (TCO). Carbon is used as a counter-electrode, then an electrolyte solution is added when both conductive glass has been assembled in the form of a sandwich. Based on the experimental results, the greater the concentration of TiO2, the greater the power obtained. The greater the thickness of TiO2, the greater the power obtained, and the variable type of dye that has been studied obtained greater power found in the type of dye from dragon fruit.
The Effect of Temperature on Vermicelli Drying under Dehumidified Air
Authors: Sasongko S.B. , Rini B. P. , Maehiroh H. , Utari F.D. , Djaeni M.
Published: February 2021

Vermicelli, called Sohun, is a white noodle made of arenga starch. The vermicelli is commonly produced by small to medium enterprises. The process consists of mixing starch with hot water forming gel, forming the vermicelli noodle, drying, and packaging. Vermicelli drying is an important part, since it influences the product quality. Currently, the drying was simply done under sunlight. The drawback of the process is weather dependency both quality and continuity. The convective dryer with air dehumidification can be an option to substitute sunlight dryer. In this case, the air as drying medium was passed to adsorbent for reducing the absolute humidity. The dry air was then heated up to certain drying temperature. The research studied the effect of air temperature varied from 313.15 - 353.15 K on vermicelli drying. As a response, the moisture content in vermicelli was observed and thermal efficiency was estimated. Results showed that after 60 minutes drying under 353.15 K, the moisture content in vermicelli can reach below 14.0% and thermal efficiency was about 54%. The dry vermicelli also had good swelling capacity. Upper 353.15 K, the drying is not recommended since it probably reduces the vermicelli quality.
Experimental and Numerical Simulation of Starch Degradation under Sonication Process
Authors: Andriansyah D W , Billah Al-Firdaus A A , Airlangga B , Trisanti P N , Juwari  , Sumarno
Published: February 2021

Starch processing technology has been developed to enlarge the application of starch in most of food, medical and fermentation industries. Sonication is prominent technology that can alter physical and molecular structure of many material by generating vigorous cavitation which gives radicals and a microjet. Many researches of starch sonication process has been carried out experimentally, but there is only very small number of published works that correlated the experiment data and suitable reaction model. In this study, a reaction model that correlates with experimental results was develop to predict molecular weight, granule size, and conversion of cassava starch. The sonication has simulated with the nth-order reaction model. The result show the reaction was controlled by physical process control. The simulation depict that sonication process can produce a lower molecular weight of starch in very short time. At later time process, the sonication degradation ability was reduced because some part of granule have ability to withstand the cavitation.
Characteristics Dynamics and Control of Oxidative and Coupling Methane Catalytic Membrane Reactor
Authors: Sutikno J P , Tambunan A , Anugraha R P , Handogo R , Agung K
Published: February 2021

Oxidative and Coupling Methane (OCM) can be a promising technology for converting natural gas to Ethylene. Ethylene itself is an intermediate polymer product which is widely used for various needs of the chemical industry. The Oxidative and Coupling Methane reactor is currently in the researched to produce the most favorable conditions. The reactor configuration that is currently the most advantageous for application to oxidative and coupling methane reactors is the dual catalytic membrane reactor. This research is about controlling Methane and Ethane conversion systems in natural gas to produce Ethylene with the greatest conversion, determining the best tuning parameters for the three control structures, and comparing the three to get the best control arrangement. For this reason, control simulations are carried out on 9 controlled variables using three control structures, namely Proportional-Integral, Proportional Integral-Derivative, and Predictive Control Model. The disturbances given in this study were + 20% and −20% in the composition of the feed flow operating conditions (temperature, pressure, and flow rate). A comparison of the IAE values of each controller is used to determine the best controller configuration.
Comparison of Model Predictive Controller and Neural Network Controller on Nonconventional Distillation Demethanizer/Deethanizer Rectifier/Column System
Authors: Setiawan Vian C , Alifah I U A , Anugraha Rendra P , Juwari  , Renanto
Published: February 2021

Nonconventional distillation demethanizer/deethanizer rectifier/column offers an economic advantage compared to conventional configurations by using sidestream from second column to remove the use of reboiler. However, this configuration brings a complex system that needs attention in its process control to ensure its operability. This work explores the use of neural network model predictive control (NNMPC) for this system. Aspen HYSYS was used to simulate the process, generate input-output data to develop the plant model and to conduct performance tests. MATLAB was used to conduct model identification, design the MPC and implement the multivariable control action. Sufficient time series data, where reflux valve positions and distillate compositions from each column act as input and output respectively, can be obtained from simulation and then utilized to train a nonlinear autoregressive exogenous (NARX) neural network which will be used as a predictive model. Model predictive Control based on this neural network model is designed to control distillate compositions for each column by the changes of reflux valve positions for each column as control signal. Least square algorithm from MATLAB function wass employed to optimize the cost function. A comparison has been made between NNMPC and conventional MPC configurations with first order plus dead time (FOPDT) model to test the performance of the controller based on disturbance rejection and set-point tracking test. Quantitative calculation was done using integral absolute error (IAE) with trapezoidal rule used as numerical integral method. NNMPC shows better performance than MPC with FOPDT model in set-point tracking test. However, NNMPC has a disadvantage on the cost function calculation algorithm, which did not account for the difference between plant and model value thus cause the MPC with FOPDT model to give better performance on disturbance rejection. Bias addition on NNMPC cost function algorithm made the controller has better responses to disturbance rejection compared to MPC.
Optimization of Gypsum Composition Against Setting Time And Compressive Strength In Clinker For PCC (Portland Composite Cement)
Authors: Herliati  , Sagitha Anggi , Dyah Puspita A. , Puput Dwi R. , Salasa Akhirudin
Published: February 2021

Gypsum is one of the additive raw materials added to the clinker grinding process that regulate the binding time of cement or commonly known as a retarder. This research aims to observe the effect of gypsum added variation on the compressive strength of mortar and the whole quality of Portland Composite Cement at plant 14 P.T Indocement Tunggal Prakasa Tbk. The PCC compositions did prepare with a variation of the addition of 0 - 5% gypsum where the clinker ratio did fix at 75%, and two other additives, namely limestone, and trass did add with a fixed ratio of 1.2: 1. The effect of adding gypsum to clinker measured by performing a mortar compressive strength test and the binding time at the ages of 1, 3, 7, and 28 days. The results of series observation and analysis show that composite Portland cement has the most optimal quality in the addition of gypsum as much as 3.5%, where SO3 content is 1.7%, the initial setting time is ≥ 90, and the final setting time is maximum at 375 minutes.
Comparison study for extraction of bioactive flavonoids from moringa oleifera, apple, onion, and ascorbic acid (orange) by using microwave-assisted, ultrasound-assisted and maceration methods
Authors: Prasetyaningrum A , Rokhati N , Dharmawan Y , Prinanda G R
Published: February 2021

Flavonoid compounds are widely applied in the nutrition and pharmacy fields. Flavonoids have anti-cancer, anti-microbial, and antioxidant properties. This study compared the extraction of flavonoid compounds from moringa oleifera, apple, onion and orange using maceration, ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) methods. The extraction process using ethanol solvent with a concentration of 96% ethanol. Total flavonoid content (TF) was analyzed using the colorimetric method. The results of this research showed that extraction using the combination of microwave-ultrasonic had the highest yield. The results showed that the extraction with the combination of microwave-ultrasound-assisted extraction (MUAE) processes produced the highest yield of flavonoid. The TF analyzed show that the contains of flavonoids in orange extract were higher than the flavonoids in moringa, onion and apple. In the MUAE process, the total flavonoid content of moringa oleifera, apple, onion, and orange was 2.140, 1.975, 3.923, and 6.080 mg QE / g, respectively. Orange extract tends to the highest contain flavonoids than onion, moringa oleifera, and apples. High flavonoids contain indicate that these samples can be used as antioxidants.