bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of brand connectedness on consumer engagement behavior in the social media brand community
Authors: Luo Gongli , Hao Junying , Ma He
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Triggered by the extensive use of social media brand communities (SMBCs) in interactive marketing, this article aims to explore how brand connectedness (BC) affects consumer engagement behavior (CEB) in SMBCs.

Design/methodology/approach

The research model was verified with the partial least squares structural equation modeling applied to the actual data collected from the web crawling largest microblogging platform in China (Sina Weibo).

Findings

Results indicate that BC may positively influence consumer emotions (CEs), eventually leading to engagement behavior in SMBCs. In addition, gender and duration of membership act as vital moderators in the model. One of the most interesting findings is the differences between posting and commenting, although both are CEBs. BC has a more significant effect on commenting than posting, and the mediating effect of CEs between BC and posting behavior is not significant.

Originality

This research contributes to the literature on interactive marketing by examining BC in the context of SMBCs, which is under-researched in the literature but is highly pertinent to social media contexts. Moreover, we measure BC through social network analysis for the first time, which not only supports the empirical work but also expands the social network theory and social capital theory. This research also extends the body of knowledge on consumer engagement by investigating the differences between posting and commenting behaviors.
Sustainable synergy: exploring the nexus of green initiatives and digitalization in gulf countries – a comprehensive study on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) indicators
Authors: Ijaz Misal , Naz Farah , Sadiq Naila
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This research investigates the trajectory of Gulf region, focusing on the interplay between environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors and key elements – digital economy, green economy (GE), green finance, green energy and green innovation. This study aims to provide a nuanced understanding of how Gulf economies align their developmental pursuits with sustainability principles amidst the rapid evolution of digital technologies.

Design/methodology/approach

A data set of 95 listed companies from six Gulf Cooperation Council countries – Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates – from year 2016 to 2022 was compiled from reputable sources. Using fixed effect regression techniques, this study explores relationships, accounting for individual and time-specific variations.

Findings

This study indicates that key factors – digital economy, GE, green energy and green innovation – significantly influence ESG performance across Gulf nations underscoring the potential for strategic integration of these elements to enhance sustainable practices. However, the nonsignificant impact of green finance highlights a need for further exploration and refinement of financial mechanisms to effectively contribute to ESG goals in the Gulf region.

Research limitations/implications

The findings underscore the importance for Gulf policymakers to prioritize ongoing support and policy formulation fostering digitalization and green initiatives. Businesses in the region can enhance ESG performance by integrating sustainable practices, promoting long-term resilience and reputation. Investors and financial institutions can use these insights to guide investment decisions, prioritizing projects contributing to environmental sustainability and social responsibility.

Originality/value

Amidst the current sustainability imperative, this research holds unique value in its timely exploration of the Gulf region’s sustainable landscape, providing crucial insights into the interplay between ESG factors and digital and green initiatives.
Integrating techniques of social network analysis and word embedding for word sense disambiguation
Authors: Hung Chihli , Hung Chih-Neng , Chou Hsien-Ming
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This research addresses the challenge of polysemous words in word embedding techniques, which are commonly used in text mining. It aims to resolve word sense ambiguity by introducing a social network sense disambiguation (SNSD) model based on social network analysis (SNA).

Design/methodology/approach

The SNSD model treats words as members of a social network and their co-occurrence relationships as interactions. By analyzing these interactions, the model identifies words with high betweenness centrality, which may act as bridges between different word sense communities, indicating polysemy. This unsupervised method does not rely on pre-tagged resources and is validated using the IMDb dataset.

Findings

The SNSD model effectively resolves word sense ambiguity in word embeddings, proving to be a cost-effective and adaptable solution to this issue. The experimental results demonstrate that the model enhances the accuracy of word embeddings by accurately identifying the correct meanings of polysemous words.

Originality/value

This study is the first to apply SNA to word sense disambiguation (WSD). The SNSD model offers a novel, unsupervised approach that overcomes the limitations of traditional supervised or knowledge-based methods, providing a valuable contribution to the field of text mining.
A study of New Zealanders motivations towards increasing native backyard planting
Authors: Burfoot Megan , Budha-Magar Shanta , Ghaffarianhoseini Amirhosein , Ghaffarianhoseini Ali
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Urban backyards hold both aesthetic and practical value, offering significant potential for native biodiversity conservation within cities. Homeowners, as the primary managers of these spaces, play a crucial role in determining whether their backyards contribute to ecological sustainability by planting native species. This study aims to investigate how New Zealand homeowners’ attitudes, behaviours and motivations influence their engagement with native planting, and identifies effective strategies to encourage this practice.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used an online survey targeting a diverse sample of New Zealand homeowners, designed to assess their perceptions, motivations and barriers related to native planting. Correlational and regression analyses were used to identify the factors most strongly associated with the likelihood of increasing native planting in urban backyards.

Findings

Homeowners with healthier backyards, greater native plant coverage and those who spend 6–8 h per week maintaining native plants exhibit greater satisfaction with their backyards. Key motivations for native planting include attracting wildlife, enhancing aesthetics and contributing to ecological sustainability. Younger homeowners, Maori and Pacific communities and those dissatisfied with their current backyards are particularly inclined to increase native planting. Targeted financial and educational initiatives could significantly boost native plant coverage in urban backyards, contributing to both homeowner satisfaction and broader environmental goals.

Originality/value

While the role of urban backyards in biodiversity conservation is recognized, there is limited understanding of how homeowners can be motivated to enhance native plant coverage. This study addresses this gap by examining the factors that drive or hinder native planting among New Zealand homeowners.
AI-driven virtual travel influencers and ethical consumerism: analysing engagement with Sena Zaro’s Instagram content
Authors: Marti-Ochoa Julia , Martin-Fuentes Eva , Ferrer-Rosell Berta
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study examines how AI-driven virtual travel influencers engage young consumers, with a focus on ethical consumerism. It analyses the content strategy on Instagram of Sena Zaro, the pioneering AI influencer in the travel and hospitality sector, created by Cenizaro Hotels. The purpose is to identify the adherence to ethical communication standards and evaluate the types of content that garner the highest engagement, analysing the emotions expressed through shared posts, and exploring the destinations promoted.

Design/methodology/approach

Through web scraping and AI-driven sentiment analysis, all textual posts from her profile and corresponding comments were examined. The stimulus-organism-response theory was applied to explore how ethical messaging (stimuli) impacted emotional engagement (organism), driving follower behaviour (response). The content was also categorized based on ethical tourism principles, as published by the World Tourism Organization’s Global Code of Ethics for Tourism.

Findings

Results highlight that authenticity and transparency are crucial for successful virtual influencer (VI) marketing. Posts featuring Sena Zaro herself, especially in carousel format, had the highest engagement. Although cultural heritage and local benefit were the most common ethical themes and labour rights were underrepresented, they did not notably impact engagement levels.

Practical implications

Practical implications related to emotional dynamics, ethical communication and location are presented to enhance customer engagement, along with recommendations for future digital marketing strategies in tourism to effectively use VI marketing.

Originality/value

This research is the first to examine a VI in the tourism and hospitality industry, specifically analysing how such an influencer engages with young consumers. It emphasizes the importance of authenticity and emotional engagement.
Impact of ripening stages and drying techniques on the physicochemical and sensory attributes of apple mango chips
Authors: Kassa Messenbet Geremew , Teferi Desye Alemu
Published: January 2025

Mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) are valued for their rich nutrients, including vitamins A, B, C, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds. However, high moisture content and seasonal availability contribute to post‐harvest losses of up to 50%. To reduce these losses and extend shelf life, drying methods like solar, convective, and freeze‐drying are used, each impacting dried mango quality differently. This study examines how ripening stages and drying methods affect the physicochemical and sensory qualities of apple mango chips, analyzing attributes such as moisture (7.81%–11.50%), protein (2.49%–2.89%), fat (0.78%–1.11%), pH, total soluble solids, and color parameters (L* and a* values). Results show that solar drying, especially for fully ripe mangoes, enhances color and sensory qualities, with fully ripe, solar‐dried mango chips receiving the highest ratings for color, taste, flavor, and aroma. This emphasizes the importance of optimizing ripeness and drying techniques to improve dried mango quality. Although solar drying is cost‐effective and preserves sensory qualities, limitations include nutrient loss and limited access to advanced drying technologies like freeze‐drying, especially in developing regions. The study's focus on apple mangoes and a small, non‐trained sensory panel may limit generalizability, suggesting that future research could explore additional drying methods across more mango varieties. Larger sensory panels with trained evaluators may provide broader insights. This study offers valuable strategies for enhancing dried mango production and marketability. By optimizing ripening stages and drying techniques, industry professionals and researchers can improve product quality, meet consumer preferences, and support sustainability, benefiting local farmers and global markets.
Photodynamic bactericidal nanomaterials in food packaging: From principle to application
Authors: Zhang Chushu , Zhang Jiancheng , Cao Shining , Tang Yueyi , Wang Mian , Qu Chunjuan
Published: January 2025

Compared to traditional preservatives, photodynamic inactivation (PDI) offers a promising bactericidal approach due to its nontoxic nature and low propensity for microbial resistance. In this paper, we initially investigate the principles and antibacterial mechanisms underlying PDI. We then review factors influencing PDI's germicidal efficacy in food preservation. Furthermore, we delve into the application potential of PDI nanomaterials, such as quantum dots, titanium dioxide, and graphene, in packaging and films. Special attention is given to the impact of PDI treatment on food quality and the potential for microbial tolerance development. Last, we discuss the migration and safety of PDI nanomaterials. The chemical basis of PDI involves the generation of reactive oxygen species through the activation of endogenous or exogenous photosensitizers. Its primary antibacterial mechanisms encompass the disruption of cell membranes, impairment of cellular functions, and inhibition of quorum sensing. The multi‐target action of PDI significantly reduces the likelihood of resistance development. PDI has great potential for application in the field of antibacterial packaging. The information contained in this paper will provide effective reference for the design of new antibacterial packaging.
Engineered Bacteria for Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Using Synthetic Biology
Authors: Jin Kai , Huang Yi , Che Hailong , Wu Yihan
Published: January 2025

Using synthetic biology techniques, bacteria have been engineered to serve as microrobots for diagnosing diseases and delivering treatments. These engineered bacteria can be used individually or in combination as microbial consortia. The components within these consortia complement each other, enhancing diagnostic accuracy and providing synergistic effects that improve treatment efficacy. The application of microbial therapies in cancer, intestinal diseases, and metabolic disorders underscores their significant potential. The impact of these therapies on the host's native microbiota is crucial, as engineered microbes can modulate and interact with the host's microbial environment, influencing treatment outcomes and overall health. Despite numerous advancements, challenges remain. These include ensuring the long‐term survival and safety of bacteria, developing new chassis microbes and gene editing techniques for non‐model strains, minimising potential toxicity, and understanding bacterial interactions with the host microbiota. This mini‐review examines the current state of engineered bacteria and microbial consortia in disease diagnosis and treatment, highlighting advancements, challenges, and future directions in this promising field.
CEO Gender and ESG Controversies
Authors: Muhammad Hussain
Published: January 2025

This study examines the impact of chief executive officer (CEO) gender on environmental, social and governance (ESG) controversies among publicly listed non‐financial firms in the USA from 2018 to 2023. The results show that firms led by female CEOs experience significantly fewer ESG controversies. In addition, the findings reveal that the mitigating impact of female CEOs on ESG controversies is more pronounced in firms with a critical mass of women directors and a female voice in corporate boards, creating an optimal environment for ethical and socially responsible practices, thereby reducing ESG controversies.
Allocation of internal cash flow when firms pay less tax: The role of state ownership and political connections
Authors: Cao Yuqiang , Chen Xikai , Lu Meiting , Shan Yaowen
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates the allocation of internal cash flow among Chinese firms. Compared to their US peers, Chinese firms are less likely to use tax‐related cash for investments, particularly in marketable securities, or to increase cash balance; instead, they mainly use tax‐related cash to reduce their reliance on external financing. Further tests show the differences in cash allocation between Chinese and US firms are more pronounced among Chinese non‐state owned enterprises and firms without political connections. The results highlight the importance of governmental connections in mitigating tax repayment risks and enhancing the flexibility of internal cash allocation.
Identification of a global gene expression signature associated with the genetic risk of catastrophic fracture in iPSC‐derived osteoblasts from Thoroughbred horses
Authors: Palomino Lago Esther , Ross Amy K. C. , McClellan Alyce , Guest Deborah J.
Published: January 2025

Bone fractures are a significant problem in Thoroughbred racehorses. The risk of fracture is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. To determine the biological processes that are affected in genetically susceptible horses, we utilised polygenic risk scoring to establish induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from horses at high and low genetic risk. RNA‐sequencing on iPSC‐derived osteoblasts revealed 112 genes that were significantly differentially expressed. Forty‐three of these genes have known roles in bone, 27 are not yet annotated in the equine genome and 42 currently have no described role in bone. However, many of the proteins encoded by the known and unknown genes have reported interactions. Functional enrichment analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes were overrepresented in processes regulating the extracellular matrix and pathways known to be involved in bone remodelling and bone diseases. Gene set enrichment analysis also detected numerous biological processes and pathways involved in glycolysis with the associated genes having a higher expression in the iPSC‐osteoblasts from horses with low polygenic risk scores for fracture. Therefore, the differentially expressed genes may be relevant for maintaining bone homeostasis and contribute to fracture risk. A deeper understanding of the consequences of mis‐regulation of these genes and the identification of the DNA variants which underpin their differential expression may reveal more about the molecular mechanisms which are involved in equine bone health and fracture risk.
Mature‐Aged People in the Rural Health Workforce System: A Systems Modelling Approach
Authors: Quilliam Claire , Thompson Jason , Crawford Nicole , McKinstry Carol , Chambers Aaron , Bhat Ravi , Stanbrook Leigh
Published: January 2025

Objective

The median age of people in rural areas is older than those living in metropolitan areas. Harnessing the potential of the mature‐aged population in rural communities may present a uniquely sustainable approach to strengthening the rural health workforce system. The objective of this study was to map the rural health workforce system in Australia and identify the current and potential role of mature‐aged people in the workforce system.

Setting

Not applicable.

Participants

Not applicable.

Design

Systems thinking, specifically causal loop diagramming.

Results

The causal loop diagram illustrates the interrelated variables in the rural health workforce system. It also illustrates that the potential contribution of mature‐aged people living in rural communities has been overlooked in the strategies to address the rural workforce undersupply.

Conclusion

Health workforces in regional, rural and remote communities in Australia have experienced constant undersupply despite ongoing government and community effort. Novel approaches are required to determine potential strategies to harness the capacity of rural mature‐aged people to strengthen the rural health workforce.
Trends in childhood asthma in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden
Authors: Gehrt Lise , Vahlkvist Signe , Petersen Thomas Houmann , Englund Hélène , Nieminen Heta , Laake Ida , Kofoed Poul‐Erik , Feiring Berit , Benn Christine Stabell , Trogstad Lill , Sørup Signe
Published: January 2025

Aim

Estimate the incidence of asthma among children aged 0 to 15 years in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden during 2000–2017.

Methods

Cases of preschool asthma (up to 6 years) and school‐age asthma (from 6 years) were identified through national registers using an algorithm including hospital diagnoses and prescription medicines. The respective cumulative incidence (CI) was estimated in 1‐year age intervals for each country and birth year.

Results

The CI of algorithm‐based preschool asthma peaked for the birth cohorts 2008 or 2009 at 14.8% in Denmark, 11.0% in Finland, 15.1% in Norway and 13.7% in Sweden. For later birth cohorts, a slight decrease was observed. The CI of school‐age asthma was 7.1% in Denmark, 10.5% in Finland, 9.7% in Norway and 10.2% in Sweden (children born in 2002). A slight decline over time was seen in Denmark and Norway, and a slight increase in Sweden and Finland.

Conclusion

Finland had a markedly lower CI of preschool asthma and Denmark lower CI of school‐age asthma as estimated by prescriptions and hospital diagnoses. Preschool asthma may have plateaued in the Nordic countries. For school‐age asthma trends over time varied by country. Differences in diagnostic and prescription practices may have influenced the results.
Association Between Child Varicella Vaccination and Zoster in Household Adults: A Retrospective Japanese Cohort Study
Authors: Sato So , Ono Sachiko , Sasabuchi Yusuke , Michihata Nobuaki , Uemura Kohei , Yasunaga Hideo
Published: January 2025

Aim

Some countries are hesitant to implement routine varicella vaccination for children because of concerns over the exogenous boosting hypothesis, which suggests that vaccinating children may increase herpes zoster cases in adults. However, substantial evidence supporting this hypothesis is lacking. This study assessed the association between a child's varicella vaccination status and herpes zoster occurrence in adults in the same household.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study analysed data from a Japanese city between April 2014 and December 2022. We included individuals aged ≥ 18 years living in households with a single child eligible for varicella vaccination. Children's vaccination status was categorised as unvaccinated, first‐dose vaccinated or second‐dose vaccinated. Cox regression analysis with time‐dependent exposure assessed herpes zoster incidence in adults.

Results

Among 4023 eligible individuals, 136 (3.4%) developed herpes zoster over the median follow‐up of 552 days. Neither the first nor the second dose of varicella vaccine in children was significantly associated with an increased risk of herpes zoster in adults (hazard ratio 1.24 [95% confidence interval, 0.69–2.23] for the first dose and 1.51 [0.87–2.62] for the second dose).

Conclusion

Varicella vaccination in households with a single child was not significantly associated with an increased risk of herpes zoster in adults.
Prebiotics as modulators of colonic calcium and magnesium uptake
Authors: Stumpff Friederike , Manneck David
Published: January 2025

Ca2+ and Mg2+ are essential nutrients, and deficiency can cause serious health problems. Thus, lack of Ca2+ and Mg2+ can lead to osteoporosis, with incidence rising both in absolute and age‐specific terms, while Mg2+ deficiency is associated with type II diabetes. Prevention via vitamin D or estrogen is controversial, and the bioavailability of Ca2+ and Mg2+ from supplements is significantly lower than that from milk products. Problems are likely to increase as populations age and the number of people on vegan diets surges. Developing new therapeutic strategies requires a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in absorption by intestinal epithelia. The vitamin‐D dependent, active pathway for the uptake of Ca2+ from the upper small intestine involving TRPV6 is highly efficient but only accounts for about 20% of total uptake. Instead, most Ca2+ uptake is thought to occur via passive paracellular diffusion across the ileum, although sufficiently high luminal concentrations are difficult to achieve.. Interestingly, colon and caecum also have a considerable capacity for the active absorption of Ca2+ and Mg2+, the molecular mechanisms of which are unclear. Intriguingly, stimulating fermentation by prebiotics enhances colonic absorption, which can rise from ~10% to ~30% of the total. Notably, fermentation releases protons, which inhibits channels highly selective for Ca2+ and Mg2+ (TRPV6 and TRPM6/TRPM7). Conversely, the non‐selective cation channel TRPV3 is stimulated by both intracellular acidification and by numerous herbal compounds. Spicy, fiber‐rich food, as traditionally consumed in many cultures, might enhance the uptake of Ca2+ and Mg2+ via this pathway.
Postnatal development of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide‐expressing GABAergic interneurons in mouse somatosensory cortex
Authors: Simacek Clara A. , Kirischuk Sergei , Mittmann Thomas
Published: January 2025

Aim

Despite dysfunctional vasoactive intestinal polypeptide‐positive interneurons (VIP‐INs) being linked to the emergence of neurodevelopmental disorders, the temporal profile of VIP‐IN functional maturation and cortical network integration remains unclear.

Methods

Postnatal VIP‐IN development was traced with patch clamp experiments in the somatosensory cortex of Vip‐IRES‐cre x tdTomato mice. Age groups were chosen during barrel field formation, before and after activation of main sensory inputs, and in adult animals (postnatal days (P) P3–4, P8–10, P14–16, and P30–36).

Results

Changes in passive and active membrane properties show a maturation towards accelerated signal integrations. Excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs and IPSCs) showed progressive VIP‐IN integration into cortical networks, likely via synaptogenesis: mEPSC frequency increased before P8–10, while mIPSC frequency increased at P14–16. Only mIPSC kinetics became accelerated, and the E/I ratio of synaptic inputs, defined as a ratio of mEPSC to mIPSC charge transfer, remained constant throughout the investigated developmental stages. Evoked (e)EPSCs and (e)IPSCs showed increased amplitudes, while only eIPSCs demonstrated faster kinetics. eEPSCs and eIPSCs revealed a paired‐pulse facilitation by P14–16, indicating probably a decrease in the presynaptic release probability (pr) and a paired‐pulse depression in adulthood. eIPSCs also showed the latter, suggesting a decrease in pr for both signal transmission pathways at this time point.

Conclusions

VIP‐INs mature towards faster signal integration and pursue different strategies to avoid overexcitation. Excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission become stronger and shorter via different pre‐ and postsynaptic alterations, likely promoting the execution of active whisking.
Machine learning‐based blood pressure estimation using impedance cardiography data
Authors: Bothe T. L. , Patzak A. , Opatz O. S. , Heinz V. , Pilz N.
Published: January 2025

Objective

Accurate blood pressure (BP) measurement is crucial for the diagnosis, risk assessment, treatment decision‐making, and monitoring of cardiovascular diseases. Unfortunately, cuff‐based BP measurements suffer from inaccuracies and discomfort. This study is the first to access the feasibility of machine learning‐based BP estimation using impedance cardiography (ICG) data.

Methods

We analyzed ICG data from 71 young and healthy adults. Nine different machine learning algorithms were evaluated for their BP estimation performance against quality controlled, oscillometric (cuff‐based), arterial BP measurements during mental (Trier social stress test), and physical exercise (bike ergometer). Models were optimized to minimize the root mean squared error and their performance was evaluated against accuracy and regression metrics.

Results

The multi‐linear regression model demonstrated the highest measurement accuracy for systolic BP with a mean difference of −0.01 mmHg, a standard deviation (SD) of 10.79 mmHg, a mean absolute error (MAE) of 8.20 mmHg, and a correlation coefficient of r = 0.82. In contrast, the support vector regression model achieved the highest accuracy for diastolic BP with a mean difference of 0.15 mmHg, SD = 7.79 mmHg, MEA = 6.05 mmHg, and a correlation coefficient of r = 0.51.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates the feasibility of ICG‐based machine learning algorithms for estimating cuff‐based reference BP. However, further research into limiting biases, improving performance, and standardized validation is needed before clinical use.
Ca2+ excitability of glia to neuromodulator octopamine in Drosophila living brain is greater than that of neurons
Authors: Černe Urška , Horvat Anemari , Sanjković Ena , Kozoderc Nika , Kreft Marko , Zorec Robert , Scholz Nicole , Vardjan Nina
Published: January 2025

Aim

Octopamine in the Drosophila brain has a neuromodulatory role similar to that of noradrenaline in mammals. After release from Tdc2 neurons, octopamine/tyramine may trigger intracellular Ca2+ signaling via adrenoceptor‐like receptors on neural cells, modulating neurotransmission. Octopamine/tyramine receptors are expressed in neurons and glia, but how each of these cell types responds to octopamine remains elusive. This study aimed to characterize Ca2+ responses of neurons and astrocytes to neuromodulatory octopamine signals.

Methods

We expressed Ca2+ indicator jGCaMP7b in specific cell type in adult Drosophila brains and performed intracellular Ca2+ imaging in the brain optic lobes upon bath application of octopamine by confocal microscopy.

Results

Octopamine‐stimulated Ca2+ responses in neurons were different from those of glial cells. The amplitude of octopamine‐mediated Ca2+ signals in neurons was 3.4‐fold greater than in astrocytes. However, astrocytes were more sensitive to octopamine; the median effective concentration that triggered Ca2+ responses was nearly 6‐fold lower in astrocytes than in neurons. In both cell types, Ca2+ transients are shaped by Gq and Gs protein‐coupled octopamine/tyramine receptors. Our snRNA‐seq database screening uncovered differential expression patterns of these receptors between brain cell types, which may explain the difference in Ca2+ signaling.

Conclusion

In the brain optic lobes, astrocytes, not neurons, appear to be the sole responders to low concentration octopamine signals, and therefore likely drive synaptic plasticity and visual processing. Given the interconnectivity of the optic lobes with other brain regions, octopaminergic signals acting through the optic lobe astrocytes may also influence higher‐order brain functions including learning and memory.
Potential role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in the amygdala in mitigating stress‐induced high blood pressure via exercise in rats
Authors: Tomita Keisuke , Yamanaka Ko , Nguyen Thu Van , Kim Jimmy , Pham Linh Thuy , Kobayashi Toru , Gouraud Sabine S. , Waki Hidefumi
Published: January 2025

Aim

Chronic stress elevates blood pressure, whereas regular exercise exerts antistress and antihypertensive effects. However, the mechanisms of stress‐induced hypertension and preventive effects through exercise remain unknown. Thus, we investigated the molecular basis involved in autonomic blood pressure regulation within the amygdala.

Methods

The effects of a 3‐week restraint stress and daily voluntary exercise against stress on cardiovascular parameters and gene expression profiles in the amygdala were examined using a microarray method. Candidate genes were selected from differentially expressed genes; the localization of their expression within the central nucleus of the amygdala and their roles in cardiovascular regulation were examined using small‐interfering RNA transfection and radiotelemetry.

Results

Chronic restraint stress caused an increase in blood pressure levels; however, with voluntary exercise, the blood pressure levels remained comparable to those of the controls. Compared with the controls, chronic restraint stress decreased signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 expression in the amygdala, whereas voluntary exercise improved its expression to normal levels. Immunohistochemical staining revealed the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in neurons of the amygdala; inhibition of this expression using small‐interfering RNA increased the arterial pressure. However, spontaneous baroreflex gain and low‐ and high‐frequency components of heart rate variability remained unaffected by the inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3.

Conclusion

In the amygdala, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 regulates the blood pressure levels and is possibly involved in blood pressure elevation in response to chronic stress and its improvement by voluntary exercise.
Left superior cervical ganglia lymph node mimicry and its role in rat ventricular arrhythmias following myocardial infarction
Authors: Yu Qingxia , Li Yan , Yan Wenju , Han Weizhong , Liu Qian , Zhang Junyi , Li Xiaolu , Shi Yugen , Wang Yu , Yin Jie , Yan Suhua
Published: January 2025

Aim

Sympathetic overactivation may lead to severe ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) post‐myocardial infarction (MI). The superior cervical ganglion (SCG) is an extracardiac sympathetic ganglion which regulates cardiac autonomic tone. We aimed to investigate the characteristics and functional significance of SCG on neuro‐cardiac communication post‐MI.

Methods

Constructed MI rat model by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation, and electrophysiological, SCG sympathetic nerve activity testing, echocardiography and histology study were performed. The proteins and gene expression were detected using RNA‐seq, spatial transcriptomics, quantitative PCR, and western blotting.

Results

The SCG neuronal remodeling was recognized by significant increase in adrenergic tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) (+) neurons and decrease in neuronal size. Top differentially expressed genes enriched in pro‐inflammatory profile and nerve regulatory factor in left SCG (LSCG) post‐MI. Interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐6 increased significantly at Day 3, ahead of nerve growth factor (NGF) which peaked at Day 7 post‐MI. Spatial transcriptomics further identified the relativity of TH enrichment with macrophages and cytokines. Therapeutic LSCG‐ectomy successfully triggered cardiac denervation and improved VA vulnerability. Eventually, cardiac denervation attenuated macrophage/mast cell infiltration at para‐infarct regions, thus improved cardiac dysfunction. Mechanism study revealed that genetic knockdown of NGF receptor trkA in LSCG reversed sympathetic remodeling and cardiac inflammation, which may be partially mediated by substance P and calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP).

Conclusion

Extracardiac sympathetic LSCG remodeling participated in arrhythmogenesis and cardiac inflammation/function post‐MI. NGF bridged neuro‐immune crosstalk between pro‐inflammatory shifting and sympathetic overdrive. Targeting LSCG modification facilitated cardiac protection and prevented VAs post‐MI.
Classification and Characterization of Anthropogenic Plant Communities in the Northwestern Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Fernández‐Pascual Eduardo , González‐García Víctor , Ivesdal Greta , Lázaro‐Lobo Adrián , Jiménez‐Alfaro Borja
Published: January 2025

Questions

Can we reconcile regional and European classifications of anthropogenic plant communities at the biogeographical scale? How are these communities characterized by species origins, traits and ecological preferences?

Location

Atlantic territories in the NW Iberian Peninsula (a.k.a. Cantabrian Mixed Forests ecoregion); south‐western Europe.

Methods

We classified 2508 plots with the aim of being consistent with regional phytosociological expertise, while matching that expertise with current EuroVegChecklist alliances. We used modified TWINSPAN to revise the original phytosociological classification, followed by semi‐supervised re‐classification of the whole dataset. We determined the proportion of natives, archaeophytes, and neophytes. We also described the alliances in terms of species traits (lifeforms, height, and flowering phenology) and ecological requirements (temperature, moisture, light, nutrients, soil reaction, disturbance frequency, and severity).

Results

We assigned 2086 vegetation plots to 25 anthropogenic alliances representing nine vegetation classes (Cymbalario‐Parietarietea diffusae, Polygono‐Poetea annuae, Papaveretea rhoeadis, Digitario sanguinalis‐Eragrostietea minoris, Chenopodietea, Sisymbrietea, Bidentetea, Artemisietea vulgaris, and Epilobietea angustifolii). The plots included 1149 species: 78% natives, 15% archaeophytes and 7% neophytes. Vegetation groups were organized along a principal axis of abiotic stress (dry‐sunny to moist‐shady habitats) and a secondary axis of disturbance.

Conclusions

In the Iberian Atlantic territories, anthropogenic habitats host one third of the regional plant species pool and one fifth of the Iberian flora. Mesic perennial ruderal vegetation is especially rich in native species and can be a biodiversity asset in urban landscapes. Our biogeographical‐level synthesis can improve the management of anthropogenic plant communities and contribute towards a European‐level synthesis of human‐made vegetation.
Spatial distribution and subtype‐specific expression patterns of Nectin‐4 in muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Olah Csilla , Sichward Lara , Hadaschik Boris , Darr Christopher , Grünwald Viktor , Krafft Ulrich , Grünwald Barbara T. , Mahmoud Osama , Al‐Nader Mulham , Nyirady Peter , Reis Henning , Szarvas Tibor
Published: January 2025

Objective

To investigate the expression patterns of Nectin‐4, the target molecule of the antibody‐drug conjugate enfortumab vedotin (EV), in relation to histological and molecular subtypes of urothelial bladder cancer (UBC).

Patients and Methods

We assessed the protein expression patterns of Nectin‐4 in a spatially organised tissue microarray containing 1386 tissue cores from 314 consecutive patients with UBC who underwent radical cystectomy (2005–2018). Results were correlated with clinicopathological and follow‐up data, as well as with different spatial locations (tumour central vs tumour‐normal interface and primary tumour vs lymph node [LN] metastases). Additionally, we correlated Nectin‐4 expression levels with histological and molecular subtypes. Finally, we assessed the value of Nectin‐4 expression for predicting the efficacy of platinum therapy in the peri‐operative setting.

Results

Nectin‐4 expression was observed in 63% of primary tumours and 87% of LN metastases, with significantly higher levels in LNs. Of the histological subtypes, the micropapillary (58%) and pure urothelial histologies (30%) were associated with the highest Nectin‐4 positivity, while the sarcomatoid (17%), squamous (15%) and small/cell‐neuroendocrine (0%) subtypes exhibited the lowest. Nectin‐4 immunopositivity rates were significantly higher in luminal (urothelial‐like [42%] and genomically unstable [34%] Lund subtypes) compared to the basal (5%) or mesenchymal (0%) molecular subtypes. Higher Nectin‐4 expression levels were associated with lower tumour stage but showed no association with overall survival. Finally, patients with low Nectin‐4 expression tended to derive more benefit from platinum‐based chemotherapy in both adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings (P < 0.001, P = 0.067).

Conclusion

Our results revealed a low spatial heterogeneity of Nectin‐4 expression within the primary tumour. In contrast, differential Nectin‐4 expression was found in the context of histological and molecular subtypes. Nectin‐4‐expressing tumours may show varying sensitivity to both EV and platinum‐based chemotherapy.
Functional Traits and Species Identity Drive Decomposition Along a Successional Gradient in Upper Andean Tropical Forests
Authors: Castillo‐Figueroa Dennis , Soler‐Marín Diego , Posada Juan M.
Published: January 2025

Leaf litter decomposition constitutes one of the most vital processes for maintaining productivity and carbon release in ecosystems. However, this remains one of the least understood processes in upper Andean tropical forests (UATF), a highly diverse ecoregion that has undergone extensive transformation over the centuries. In this study, we aimed to determine the relationships between decomposition rates of leaf litter, leaf functional traits, and microclimatic conditions along a successional gradient of UATF. We also tested the “after‐life effect” by analyzing changes between green and senescent leaves. We performed a fully reciprocal translocation experiment with 15 representative species of UATF in a set of 14 permanent plots by using 2520 litterbags distributed across 42 experimental units (three litterbeds per plot), over 1.5 years, with four harvesting times (3, 6, 12, and 18 months). Chemical and physical traits were measured in green and senescent leaves to identify the best predictors of decomposition and to analyze the “after‐life effect.” We found that functional traits and species identity drive litter decomposition in UATF, rather than succession and microclimatic conditions of soil moisture and temperature. The relative importance of traits was prevalent in all stages of decay, despite being stronger in the early phases. Although we found an “after‐life effect” of green leaves in decomposition, changes in chemical composition from green to senescent leaves indicated substantial nitrogen resorption, which is a limiting resource in tropical montane forests. With the increasing landscape transformation in UATF, changes in plant species composition could have profound impacts by altering decomposition rates, nutrient cycling, and global carbon storage.
Survey of Inter‐Prediction Methods for Time‐Varying Mesh Compression
Authors: Dvořák Jan , Hácha Filip , Arvanitis Gerasimos , Podgorelec David , Moustakas Konstantinos , Váša Libor
Published: January 2025

Time‐varying meshes (TVMs), that is mesh sequences with varying connectivity, are a greatly versatile representation of shapes evolving in time, as they allow a surface topology to change or details to appear or disappear at any time during the sequence. This, however, comes at the cost of large storage size. Since 2003, there have been attempts to compress such data efficiently. While the problem may seem trivial at first sight, considering the strong temporal coherence of shapes represented by the individual frames, it turns out that the varying connectivity and the absence of implicit correspondence information that stems from it makes it rather difficult to exploit the redundancies present in the data. Therefore, efficient and general TVM compression is still considered an open problem. We describe and categorize existing approaches while pointing out the current challenges in the field and hint at some related techniques that might be helpful in addressing them. We also provide an overview of the reported performance of the discussed methods and a list of datasets that are publicly available for experiments. Finally, we also discuss potential future trends in the field.
What About the Kids? Identifying Children in the Housing Support System in Aotearoa, New Zealand
Authors: Pehi Tiria , Fraser Brodie , Ombler Jenny , Buchanan Mary , O'Sullivan Kimberly , Jiang Terrence , Atatoa‐Carr Polly , Pierse Nevil
Published: January 2025

In Aotearoa New Zealand (henceforth referred to as Aotearoa) a range of housing supports are aimed at improving homeownership rates and making both private rental and public housing more available. Despite these “supports”, a large number of children, adolescents and young people are experiencing housing insecurity or severe housing deprivation. Housing intersects with health, education, state care and welfare to influence a range of outcomes for children, therefore this paper addresses the critical issue of access to housing supports for children and adolescents. Through Official Information Act requests and a review of existing housing sector data, we found 323,257 children within the housing support system in Aotearoa New Zealand, with Māori (Indigenous People of Aotearoa) children disproportionately represented. We describe how children are largely unaccounted for in housing support system data, and this invisibility therefore challenges the understanding of the extent, inequities, and impact of the housing sector on children. We argue the urgent need for transformative policies centred on children, embedded in Te Tiriti o Waitangi (the Treaty of Waitangi), to ensure all children have access to stable, healthy, and secure housing for a brighter future.
Endangered species lack research on the outcomes of conservation action
Authors: Binley A. D. , Haddaway L. , Buxton R. , Lalla K. M. , Lesbarreres D. , Smith P. A. , Bennett J. R.
Published: January 2025

Given widespread biodiversity declines, there is an urgent need to ensure that conservation interventions are working. Yet, evidence regarding the effectiveness of conservation actions is often lacking. Using a case study of 209 terrestrial species listed as Endangered in Canada, we conducted a literature review to collate the evidence base on conservation actions to: (1) explore the outcomes of actions documented for each species and (2) identify knowledge gaps. Action‐oriented research constituted only 2% of all peer‐reviewed literature across target species, and for 61% of species, we found no literature investigating outcomes of conservation actions. Protected areas, habitat creation, artificial shelter, and alternative farming practices were broadly beneficial for most species for which these actions were assessed. Habitat restoration actions were most frequently studied, but 38% of these actions were harmful, ineffective, or demonstrated mixed results. The effectiveness of prescribed burns, alternative timber harvesting approaches, and vegetation control was examined for the greatest number of species, yet 17%–30% of these actions demonstrated negative effects. Our synthesis demonstrates a lack of published evidence for many actions implemented for the recovery of species at risk of extinction, highlighting an alarming gap in the conservation literature.
Morbidities and comorbidities associated with optic nerve hypoplasia and septo‐optic‐pituitary dysplasia
Authors: Salman Michael S. , Ruth Chelsea A. , Yogendran Marina S. , Lix Lisa M.
Published: January 2025

Aim

To quantify optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) and septo‐optic‐pituitary dysplasia (SOD) morbidities and comorbidities.

Method

A retrospective population‐based study with a case–control design was undertaken using administrative health data from Manitoba, Canada. Cases were 124 patients with ONH or SOD (70 males, 54 females; age range 6 months–36 years 8 months [mean 13 years, SD 7 years 2 months]) diagnosed from 1990 to 2019, matched to 620 unrelated population‐based controls (350 males, 270 females; age range 0–36 years 8 months [mean 12 years 5 months, SD 7 years 2 months]) on birth year, sex, and area of residence. Additionally, 76 cases with ONH or SOD (46 males, 30 females; age range 2 years 5 months–36 years 8 months [mean 13 years 11 months, SD 7 years 3 months]) were matched one‐to‐one with sibling controls (40 males, 36 females; age range 7 months–33 years 1 month [mean 11 years 8 months, SD 7 years 3 months]). We used χ2 or Fisher's exact tests to test for differences in prevalence in morbidities and comorbidities between cases and controls; odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. Cox proportional hazards models were used to test for differences in subgroups of cases; hazard ratios and 95% CIs were estimated.

Results

Visual impairment and visual impairment with hypopituitarism were core morbidities associated with ONH and SOD cases respectively compared to unrelated controls (OR = 58.6, 95% CI = 22.5–152.5; OR = 243.4, 95% CI = 32.9–1799.0 respectively). Developmental delay or intellectual disability (OR = 6.9, 95% CI = 3.3–14.4), autism spectrum disorder (OR = 4.0, 95% CI = 2.0–8.3), epilepsy (OR = 14.9, 95% CI = 6.1–36.5), cerebral palsy (OR = 40.9, 95% CI = 14.0–119.6), and mood or anxiety disorders (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.0–2.8) were the comorbidities more common among cases with ONH and SOD. Cases matched to siblings showed similar results except for mood and anxiety disorders.

Interpretation

Visual impairment and visual impairment with hypopituitarism are the main morbidities in patients with ONH and SOD respectively, while developmental delay or intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, cerebral palsy, and mood or anxiety disorders are important comorbidities.