bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF VIBRATION CONDITIONS ON MACHINABILITY OF AISI 52100 BEARING STEEL
Authors: AGAR SALIH , TOSUN NIHAT , MAHMAT AYBARS
Published: August 2023

This study focused on determining the effects of the cooling condition in the conventional and ultrasonic-assisted turning of AISI 52100 steel. AISI 52100 steel has been widely used in the bearing, mold, and automotive industries because of its superior wear resistance and mechanical properties. However, its high wear resistance caused poor machinability in conventional machining methods. Low surface quality, rapid tool wear, high cutting temperature, and high cutting force are the main difficulties in the conventional machining of AISI 52100 steel. On the other hand, ultrasonic-assisted machining has become widely used in the past decades for the machining of materials that have low machinability in conventional methods. Conventional turning and ultrasonic-assisted turning were selected as machining methods. Ultrasonic-assisted turning experiments were conducted under 20 and 30 kHz vibration frequencies. Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) cutting tools were used in machining experiments. In machining operations 50, 100, and 150 m/min cutting speeds were selected, and feed rate (0.1 mm/rev) and depth of cut (0.5 mm) were kept constant in experiments. Minimum quantity lubrication technique which used 1% Al2O3 nanoparticle additives cutting fluid and dry cooling methods were used. CBN insert was used as a cutting tool. The effects of cutting speed, cutting method, and cooling condition on surface quality, cutting force, cutting zone temperature, and cutting tool wear were studied experimentally. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was carried out to determine the significance of the effects of input variables on process outputs. As a result of this study, it is determined that combined UAT and nanoMQL have significant effects on the process outputs.
The impact of central and obstructive respiratory events on cerebral oxygenation in adults with sleep disordered breathing
Authors: Khatami Ramin , Gnaiger Dominik , Hügli Gordana , Qi Ming , Zhang Zhongxing
Published: August 2023

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and central sleep apnea (CSA) are two main types of sleep disordered breathing (SDB). While the changes in cerebral hemodynamics triggered by OSA events have been well studied using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), they are essentially unknown in CSA in adults. Therefore, in this study, we compared the changes in cerebral oxygenation between OSA and CSA events in adult patients using NIRS. Cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) in 13 severe SDB patients who had both CSA and OSA events was measured using frequency-domain NIRS. The changes in cerebral StO2 desaturation and blood volume (BV) in the first hour of natural sleep were compared between different types of respiratory events (i.e., 277 sleep hypopneas, 161 OSAs and 113 CSAs) with linear mixed-effect models controlling for confounders. All respiratory events occurred during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. We found that apnea events induced greater cerebral desaturations and BV fluctuations compared to hypopneas, but there was no difference between OSA and CSA. These results suggest that cerebral autoregulation in our patients are still capable to counteract the pathomechanisms of apneas, in particularly the negative intrathoracic pressure (ITP) caused by OSA events. Otherwise larger BV fluctuations in OSA compared to CSA should be observed due to the negative ITP that reduces cardiac stroke volume and leads to lower systematic blood supply. Our study suggests that OSA and CSA may have similar impact on cerebral oxygenation during NREM sleep in adult patients with SDB.
Adaptive Cooperative Formation Control of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Based on Event-Triggered Mechanism
Authors: Dong Dian-Ze , Xu Yang , Guo Zheng-Yu , Miao Ke-Hua , Gong Zi-Hao , Luo De-Lin
Published: August 2023

This paper investigates the coordinated motion control problem of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), and an adaptive cooperative formation control method based on event-triggered mechanism is designed. In the estimation of external disturbance and model uncertainty, adaptive parameters are adopted to represent the upper bound of the learning weight matrix, which reduces the computational pressure of the system. It is proved theoretically that the signals in the system are semi-global uniformly ultimately bounded and independent of the initial state of the system. An event-triggered control mechanism is introduced, and the system updates the control law only when the event is triggered. Simulation results show that the controller can achieve the expected formation shape and save the communication resources of the system.
Investigation on friction characteristics of imitation clamshell textured surfaces under MXenes-enhanced grease lubrication
Authors: Zhang Kaipeng , Shi Xiaoliang , Huang Qipeng
Published: August 2023

To enhance the performance and longevity of bearings by addressing the issue of insufficient lubrication, this research paper introduces a multi-drive lubrication system. Inspired by the micro-texture of clamshells, bionic textured surfaces (BTSs) were designed and fabricated. Calcium complex grease (CCG), aluminum complex grease (ACG), lithium complex grease (LCG), and these three greases containing 2[Formula: see text]wt.% accordion-like MXenes Ti3C2 were prepared, respectively. This study commits to evaluating the tribological properties of BTSs with different densities under different grease lubrication. The results showed that BTSs ([Formula: see text] = 38%) had the best anti-friction and anti-wear under the MXenes lithium complex grease lubrication, the average friction coefficient (0.113) and wear rate reached the smallest ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm3[Formula: see text]N[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text]), and only slight wear occurred. This was mainly attributed to the synergistic and complementary lubricating effects of BTSs and MXenes-enhanced grease.
Pólya fields and Kuroda/Kubota unit formula
Authors: Tougma Charles Wend-Waoga
Published: August 2023

Let K be a number field. The Pólya field concept is used to know when the module of integer-valued polynomials over the ring of integers [Formula: see text] of K has a regular basis. In [C. W.-W. Tougma, Some questions on biquadratic Pólya fields, J. Number Theory 229 (2021) 386–398], the author used cohomological results from [C. B. Setzer, Units over totally real [Formula: see text] fields, J. Number Theory 12 (1980) 160–175] to answer questions raised in [A. Leriche, Pólya fields, Pólya groups and Pólya extensions: a question of capitulation, J. Théor. Nr. Bordx. 23 (2011) 235–249; A. Leriche, Cubic, quartic and sextic Pólya fields, J. Number Theory  133 (2013) 59–71] on biquadratic Pólya fields. Here we first prove that number fields were omitted from the list of exceptional fields cited in [A. Leriche, Pólya fields, Pólya groups and Pólya extensions: a question of capitulation, J. Théor. Nr. Bordx. 23 (2011) 235–249; A. Leriche, Cubic, quartic and sextic Pólya fields, J. Number Theory  133 (2013) 59–71]. We therefore identify new biquadratic Pólya fields, where the prime number 2 is totally ramified. This result corrects and completes some others on the literature. On the other hand, we show that the main results of [C. W.-W. Tougma, Some questions on biquadratic Pólya fields, J. Number Theory  229 (2021) 386–398] and this paper can be proved with a single method using Kuroda/Kubota’s unit formula without cohomological results of [C. B. Setzer, Units over totally real [Formula: see text] fields, J. Number Theory  12 (1980) 160–175].
Finding Near-optimal Configurations in Colossal Spaces with Statistical Guarantees
Authors: Oh Jeho , Batory Don , Heradio Rubén
Published: August 2023

A
Software Product Line
(
SPL
) is a family of similar programs. Each program is defined by a unique set of features, called a

configuration

, that satisfies all feature constraints. “What configuration achieves the best performance for a given workload?” is the

SPL

Optimization
(
SPLO
) challenge.
SPLO
is daunting: just 80 unconstrained features yield 10
24
unique configurations, which equals the estimated number of stars in the universe. We explain (a) how uniform random sampling and random search algorithms solve
SPLO
more efficiently and accurately than current machine-learned performance models and (b) how to compute statistical guarantees on the quality of a returned configuration; i.e., it is within
x%
of optimal with
y%
confidence.
Resisting the Edge-Type Disturbance for Link Prediction in Heterogeneous Networks
Authors: Wang Huan , Liu Ruigang , Shi Chuanqi , Chen Junyang , Fang Lei , Liu Shun , Gong Zhiguo
Published: August 2023

The rapid development of heterogeneous networks has proposed new challenges to the long-standing link prediction problem. Existing models trained on the verified edge samples from different types usually learn type-specific knowledge, and their type-specific predictions may be contradictory for unverified edge samples with uncertain types. This challenge is termed edge-type disturbance in link prediction in heterogeneous networks. To address this challenge, we develop a disturbance-resilient prediction method (
DRPM
) comprising a structural characterizer, a type differentiator, and a resilient predictor. The structural characterizer is responsible for learning edge representations for link prediction. Concurrently, the type differentiator distinguishes type-specific edge representations to generate diverse type experts while maximizing their link prediction performances on specific types. Furthermore, the resilient predictor evaluates the reliability weights of different type experts to develop a resilient prediction mechanism to aggregate discriminable predictions. Extensive experiments conducted on various real-world datasets demonstrate the importance of the explainable introduction of the edge-type disturbance and the superiority of
DRPM
over state-of-the-art methods.
Modular Matrix Multiplication on GPU for Polynomial System Solving
Authors: Berthomieu Jérémy , Graillat Stef , Lesnoff Dimitri , Mary Theo
Published: August 2023

The bottleneck of the SPARSE-FGLM algorithm for Gröbner bases change of order is an iterative matrix - tall and skinny matrix product over a finite prime field. Our contribution is twofold. First, we port existing CPU-only algorithms for matrix products over prime fields to GPU architectures, and carry out a performance analysis of our implementation that shows that we can nearly achieve the maximum theoretical throughput of the hardware. Second, existing CPU-only algorithms could not handle primes with more than 26 bits, other than the GMP-based implementation in FLINT; we overcome this limitation by proposing an efficient multiword matrix product algorithm that can deal with primes with at most 35 bits; we benchmarked it on GPU.
Insights into the tumor-stromal-immune cell metabolism cross talk in ovarian cancer
Authors: Tang Priscilla W. , Frisbie Leonard , Hempel Nadine , Coffman Lan
Published: August 2023

The ovarian cancer tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a constellation of abundant cellular components, extracellular matrix, and soluble factors. Soluble factors, such as cytokines, chemokines, structural proteins, extracellular vesicles, and metabolites, are critical means of noncontact cellular communication acting as messengers to convey pro- or antitumorigenic signals. Vast advancements have been made in our understanding of how cancer cells adapt their metabolism to meet environmental demands and utilize these adaptations to promote survival, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. The stromal TME contribution to this metabolic rewiring has been relatively underexplored, particularly in ovarian cancer. Thus, metabolic activity alterations in the TME hold promise for further study and potential therapeutic exploitation. In this review, we focus on the cellular components of the TME with emphasis on 1) metabolic signatures of ovarian cancer; 2) understanding the stromal cell network and their metabolic cross talk with tumor cells; and 3) how stromal and tumor cell metabolites alter intratumoral immune cell metabolism and function. Together, these elements provide insight into the metabolic influence of the TME and emphasize the importance of understanding how metabolic performance drives cancer progression.
An Evidenced-Based Review of the Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in Traumatic Patients with Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Devices
Authors: Zeng Meng , Wu Zhoupeng
Published: August 2023

Objective. To search, evaluate, and summarize the best evidence of intermittent pneumatic compression devices to prevent venous thromboembolism in trauma patients. Method. Evidence retrieval was conducted from top to bottom according to the “6S” evidence model, including guidelines, clinical decision making, evidence summary, expert consensus, and systematic reviews. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database to August 31, 2022. Two researchers independently evaluated the quality of the literature, extracted evidence, and summarized evidence. Results. A total of 140 studies were obtained in the literature retrieval, and 50 studies were obtained after rechecking and reading the title and abstract. After combining the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 19 studies were finally included. Among them, there were 12 guidelines, 1 clinical decision making, 1 evidence summary, 1 expert consensus, and 4 systematic reviews. The 27 best pieces of evidence were summarized from the four dimensions of pretreatment evaluation, contraindications and applicable conditions, treatment strategies, training, and patient education. Conclusion. This study summarized the evidence of using an intermittent pneumatic compression device to prevent venous thromboembolism in trauma patients and provided the basis for scientific and effective standardized management of mechanical thromboembolism prevention. When applying evidence, it is necessary to combine clinical practice and patient wishes and select evidence pertinent to improving the effectiveness of intermittent pneumatic compression devices in preventing venous thromboembolism. In addition, compliance with the clinical application of IPC is relatively low, so we should start from two aspects before the application of evidence. We should not only increase the number of IPCs but also strengthen the training of VTE prevention knowledge and practical skills of medical staff to provide good health education for patients and their families to improve compliance with the clinical application of IPC.
Investigating the Utility of the SOFA Score and Creating a Modified SOFA Score for Predicting Mortality in the Intensive Care Units in a Tertiary Hospital in Jordan
Authors: Abu-Humaidan Anas H. A. , Ahmad Fatima M. , Theeb Laith S. , Sulieman Abdelrahman J. , Battah Abdelkader , Bani Hani Amjad , Abu Abeeleh Mahmoud
Published: August 2023

Background. The utility of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score in predicting mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU) has been demonstrated before, but serial testing in various settings is required to validate and improve the score. This study examined the utility of the SOFA score in predicting mortality in Jordanian ICU patients and aimed to find a modified score that required fewer laboratory tests. Methods. A prospective observational study was conducted at Jordan University Hospital (JUH). All adult patients admitted to JUH ICUs between June and December 2020 were included in the study. SOFA scores were measured daily during the whole ICU stay. A modified SOFA score (mSOFA) was constructed from the available laboratory, clinical, and demographic data. The performance of the SOFA, mSOFA, qSOFA, and SIRS in predicting ICU mortality was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Results. 194 patients were followed up. SOFA score (mean ± SD) at admission was significantly higher in non‐survivors (7.5 ± 3.9) compared to survivors (2.4 ± 2.2) and performed the best in predicting ICU mortality (AUROC = 0.8756, 95% CI: 0.8117–0.9395) compared to qSOFA (AUROC = 0.746, 95% CI: 0.655–0.836) and SIRS (AUROC = 0.533, 95% CI: 0.425–0.641). The constructed mSOFA included points for the hepatic and CNS SOFA scores, in addition to one point each for the presence of chronic kidney disease or the use of breathing support; it performed as well as the SOFA score in this cohort or better than the SOFA score in a subgroup of patients with heart disease. Conclusion. SOFA score was a good predictor of mortality in a Jordanian ICU population and better than qSOFA, while SIRS could not predict mortality. Furthermore, the proposed mSOFA score which employed fewer laboratory tests could be used after validation from larger studies.
Systemic Mastocytosis: A Mimicker of Reactive Arthritis
Authors: Nasrallah Oussama G. , Mohty Razan , El-Cheikh Jean , Merashli Mira
Published: August 2023

Objectives. Illustration of a case of systemic mastocytosis mimicking reactive arthritis in the absence of an infectious etiology. Methods. Review of the patient’s medical records. Results. We report a case of systemic mastocytosis relapse, presenting with pancytopenia accompanied by knee monoarthritis, cystitis, and bilateral conjunctivitis occurring simultaneously at the same time interval within 2–4 days, mimicking reactive arthritis in the absence of an infectious etiology. Conclusion. Our case demonstrated reactive arthritis features (triad of urethritis, conjunctivitis, and arthritis) without an infectious trigger but rather a relapse of mastocytosis. We should think outside the box when faced with such a clinical scenario in the absence of an infectious etiology. Paraneoplastic reactive arthritis is to be considered after excluding an underlying infection.
Immunomodulatory Effects of Nervonic Acid in RAW264.7 Macrophages
Authors: Yuan Sheng-Nan , Feng Cai-Yun , Rong Yao , Guo Xu , Chen Ying-Ying , Fraga-Corral M. , Prieto Miguel A. , Zhang Xiao-Yue , Li Ning-Yang , Liu Chao , Sun Jin-Yue
Published: August 2023

The present work studies the immunomodulatory potential of nervonic acid (NA) on the growth and proliferation of murine RAW264.7 macrophages. The immunomodulatory effects of NA were assessed through the evaluation of nitric oxide (NO) levels, cytokine secretion, phagocytic activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway of RAW264.7 macrophages. The methodology used included a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) technique, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), neutral red phagocytosis test, flow cytometry, western blotting, and immunofluorescence, respectively. Obtained outcomes pointed to NA as a potential promoter of the production of NO, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and ROS in RAW264.7 cells. Meanwhile, the expression of iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA was upregulated. Besides, the expression of TLR4 protein and the phosphorylation level of NF-κB were increased in RAW264.7 cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner when compared against the control. As a conclusion, NA can activate the NF-κB signaling pathway through the TLR4 signaling pathway, which has immunomodulatory potential.
Diversity and Relative Abundance of Avian Species in the Wetland Area Northwest of Lake Abaya, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Bekele Samuel , Tekalign Wondimagegnehu
Published: August 2023

Studies on the diversity and relative abundance of birds are crucial for improving wetland bird conservation in Ethiopia. The current study aimed at investigating the diversity and relative abundance of avian species in the wetland area around Lake Abaya’s northwest tip in southern Ethiopia due to the lack of previous studies that were conducted in the area. A line transect method was applied to determine the avian species in the area. A total of eight line transects were established along the banks. Using encounter rates, which provide crude ordinal scales of abundance, the relative abundance of avian species was calculated. In the intended habitat, Shannon-Wiener diversity indices (H′) were employed to analyze the diversity of avian species. During the study period, a total of 34 bird species belonging to 18 families and 12 orders were recorded. Ardeidae and Threskiornithidae were the two most dominant families. In this study, 13 bird species were frequent, four were common, four were rare, one was uncommon, and 10 had abundant records. The highest species diversity (H′ = 3.40), species evenness (0.093), and Margalef’s richness index (N = 30) were recorded during the months of June, July, and May, respectively. The lowest species diversity (H′ = 3.13), evenness (0.088), and Margalef’s richness index (N = 23) were all recorded during the month of February. The present findings will provide relevant information to the concerned bodies and policymakers to take appropriate conservation measures for wetland birds.
DMBT1 Alleviates Nasal Airway Inflammatory Response in the LPS-Induced Nasal Polyp Model
Authors: Lu Xiaoqing , Xu He , Shan Liang , Gao Jinfeng , Tong Jun
Published: August 2023

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanism of deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 (DMBT1) protein on the mouse model of nasal polyps. Methods: The mouse model of nasal polyps was induced by intranasal drip intervention of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 3 times a week for 12 weeks. A total of 42 mice were randomly divided into blank group, LPS group, and LPS+DMBT1 group. DMBT1 protein was applied by intranasal drip intervention in each nostril after LPS. After 12 weeks, 5 mice in each group were randomly picked for the mouse olfactory disorder experiment, 3 mice were randomly picked for histopathological observation of nasal mucosa, 3 mice for olfactory marker protein (OMP) immunofluorescence analysis and the last 3 mice were grabbed for nasal lavage, and the levels of cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) in the nasal lavage fluid were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Compared with the blank group, mice in LPS group had olfactory dysfunction, the level of OMP was significantly reduced, the nasal mucosa was swollen, discontinuous, and contained a large number of inflammatory cells. The levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and PI3K in the nasal lavage fluid were significantly increased in LPS group (p < 0.01). Compared with the LPS group, the number of mice with olfactory dysfunction in the LPS+DMBT1 group was less, the infiltration of inflammatory cells was reduced, the OMP-positive cells were significantly increased, and the IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and PI3K in the nasal lavage fluid were significantly increased, p < 0.01. Conclusions: DMBT1 protein alleviates the nasal airway inflammatory response in the mouse nasal polyp model, and the mechanism may be through the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.
The Influence of Preoperative Hydronephrosis on the Prognosis after Radical Cystectomy among Patients with Different Pathological Stages of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Du Jingwei , Zhan Hui , Chen Jian , Wang Jiansong , Fu Shi , Ding Mingxia , Luan Ting , Wei Hairong , Yang Chengcai
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Preoperative hydronephrosis is closely associated with the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer. This study assesses the effect of preoperative hydronephrosis on the prognosis after radical cystectomy (RC) among patients with different pathological stages of bladder urothelial carcinoma. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 231 patients who underwent RC because of bladder urothelial carcinoma at our institution from January 2013 to December 2017. The overall survival (OS) in patients with or without preoperative hydronephrosis was followed up and compared, and the prognostic role that preoperative hydronephrosis played in patients with different pathological stages of bladder cancer was analyzed. Multivariate analysis was performed with the help of Cox proportional hazards regression models, the postoperative survival was analyzed with the help of Kaplan-Meier plots and log-rank test, and the p values of multiple testing were corrected using the Bonferroni correction. Results: Of 231 patients, 96 were patients with preoperative hydronephrosis and 115 patients had died by the end of the follow-up. Survival analysis found the 3- and 5-year survival rates after radical surgery of patients with preoperative hydronephrosis were significantly lower than those of patients without preoperative hydronephrosis (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis found preoperative hydronephrosis, T stage of tumor, and lymphatic metastasis were independent influencing factors of postoperative OS (p < 0.05). Survival analysis of subgroups according to pathological stages found in pT3–4N0M0 patients had a significant difference in postoperative survival between the group with preoperative hydronephrosis and the group without preoperative hydronephrosis (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The results indicate that preoperative hydronephrosis mainly affects postoperative OS in the patients whose pathological stage of bladder cancer is pT3–4N0M0.
Phytotherapy (BNO 1045) of Acute Lower Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection in Women Normalizes Local Host Responses
Authors: Butler Daniel S.C. , Wagenlehner Florian , Höller Martina , Abramov-Sommariva Dimitri , Steindl Hubert , Naber Kurt G.
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Acute lower uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uUTI) affects a large proportion of women. Increased antimicrobial resistance has created an urgent need for novel therapeutics and the phytotherapeutic drug BNO 1045 (Canephron® N) has previously been shown to be noninferior to standard antimicrobial stewardship. This sub-analysis from a randomized, double-blind, controlled phase III noninferiority clinical trial using BNO 1045 versus fosfomycin to treat uUTI aimed to determine how urine cytokine levels are altered by the two different treatments. Methods: Urine samples from a predefined subset of women diagnosed with uUTI (18–70 years) and treated with BNO 1045 (n = 58) or fosfomycin (n = 69) were analyzed for urine levels of IL-6 and IL-8, using analyte-to-creatinine ratios. Results: BNO 1045 treatment showed similar effects to fosfomycin treatment in reducing both urine IL-6 and IL-8 levels. Mean IL-6 and IL-8 levels were markedly reduced in all patients regardless of treatment. BNO 1045 treatment decreased urine IL-8 significantly (p = 0.0142) and showed a trend toward reduction of urine IL-6 (p = 0.0551). Fosfomycin treatment reduced both IL-6 and IL-8 levels significantly (p = 0.0038, <0.0001 respectively). Conclusion: BNO 1045 is, in addition to reducing symptoms, comparable to fosfomycin treatment in reducing the local inflammatory response associated with uUTI.
CRRT 2023 Meeting: Targeting Amino Acid Transport to Improve Acute Kidney Injury Outcome
Authors: Oe Yuji , Vallon Volker
Published: August 2023

Background: In acute kidney injury (AKI), proximal tubules are a primary site of injury, resulting in significant alterations in amino acid transport and metabolism. However, little is known about the therapeutic potential of targeting amino acid transporters. Here, we briefly review the first experimental evidence that targeting the sodium-coupled amino acid transporter SLC6A19 (B0AT1) can improve AKI outcome. Summary: SLC6A19 is expressed in the small intestine and early proximal tubules, where it absorbs and reabsorbs most of the ingested and filtered neutral amino acids, respectively. Systemic SLC6A19 deficiency alleviates renal cellular senescence and suppresses subsequent inflammation and fibrosis in a murine model of aristolochic acid-induced nephropathy, which targets the proximal tubule. The underlying mechanisms remain to be determined, but potentially may include reduced tubular workload, an inhibitory effect on SGLT2, downstream shift in transport and preconditioning of late proximal tubules, and induction of a fasting-like phenotype and lowering tubular accumulation of branched-chain amino acids, which all can promote tubular health.
Early Postoperative Neurologic Events Are Associated With Worse Outcome and Fatal Midterm Survival After Adult Heart Transplantation
Authors: Oehler Daniel , Oehler Hannah , Sigetti Dennis , Immohr Moritz Benjamin , Böttger Charlotte , Bruno Raphael Romano , Haschemi Jafer , Aubin Hug , Horn Patrick , Westenfeld Ralf , Bönner Florian , Akhyari Payam , Kelm Malte , Lichtenberg Artur , Boeken Udo
Published: August 2023

Background

Neurologic events during primary stay in heart transplant (HTx) recipients may be associated with reduced outcome and survival, which we aim to explore with the current study.

Methods and Results

We screened and included all patients undergoing HTx in our center between September 2010 and December 2022 (n=268) and checked for the occurrence of neurologic events within their index stay. Neurologic events were defined as ischemic stroke, hemorrhage, hypoxic ischemic injury, or acute symptomatic neurologic dysfunction without central nervous system injury. The cohort was then divided into recipients with (n=33) and without (n=235) neurologic events after HTx. Using a multivariable Cox regression model, the association of neurologic events after HTx and survival was assessed. Recipients with neurologic events displayed a longer intensive care unit stay (30 versus 16 days;
P
=0.009), longer mechanical ventilation (192 versus 48 hours;
P
<0.001), and higher need for blood transfusion, and need for hemodialysis after HTx was substantially higher (81% versus 55%;
P
=0.01). Resternotomy (36% versus 26%;
P
=0.05) and mechanical life support (extracorporeal life support) after HTx (46% versus 24%;
P
=0.02) were also significantly higher in patients with neurologic events. Covariable‐adjusted multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed a significant independent association of neurologic events and increased 30‐day (hazard ratio [HR], 2.5 [95% CI, 1.0–6.0];
P
=0.049), 1‐year (HR, 2.2 [95% CI, 1.1–4.3];
P
=0.019), and overall (HR, 2.5 [95% CI, 1.5–4.2];
P
<0.001) mortality after HTx and reduced Kaplan‐Meier survival up to 5 years after HTx (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

Neurologic events after HTx were strongly and independently associated with worse postoperative outcome and reduced survival up to 5 years after HTx.
Revision of the genus Phoxoserphus Lin, 1988 (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupidae), with the description of a new species
Authors: ABE JUNTA
Published: August 2023

The genus Phoxoserphus Lin, 1988 is revised. The morphological variations not previously mentioned in the known species, Ph. chikoi and Ph. vescus, are briefly discussed, and Ph. iyokpe sp. nov. is described as new to science. Additionally, new morphological characters useful for species identification are proposed. An updated diagnosis and key to species are provided.
Contribution to the taxonomy of Lobellini (Collembola: Neanurinae) and investigations on luminous Collembola from Japan
Authors: OHIRA ATSUKO , NAKAMORI TAIZO , MATSUMOTO SACHI , BESSHO-UEHARA MANABU , KATO TAKUMI , OBA YUICHI
Published: August 2023

Lobella sauteri was redescribed based on the lectotype and specimens obtained from the type locality Bugenji, Yokohama, Kanagawa, as the true identity of the luminous Collembola, Lobella sp. Lobella sauteri has morphological traits characteristic of the genus currently called Telobella. As L. sauteri is the type species of Lobella, the genus Telobella was synonymised with Lobella according to the principle of priority, and the genus Lobella was redefined to include both the species previously assigned to Telobella and those previously assigned to Lobella. A new species Lobella monstrum sp. nov. was described and new combinations were proposed for certain species in Lobellini. Light-emitting capacity was confirmed in L. sauteri and newly reported in Lobella yambaru comb. nov. Vitronura giselae and Vitronura kunigamiensis.
A new and unusual Digonocryptus Viereck (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae,Cryptinae), with notes on two other rare species
Authors: SUPELETO FERNANDA A. , AGUIAR ALEXANDRE P.
Published: August 2023

Digonocryptus magnus sp. nov., from French Guyana, is described and illustrated, and new records, morphological and morphometric data are presented for two other rare species, D. coloratus (Szépligeti, 1916), registered for the first time from Colombia, and D. zatheos Aguiar & Santos, 2012. The new species is characterized by having the apical margin of the clypeus straight, medially with a small tooth, propodeal apophyses stout, scale-shaped, fore wing with ramellus, areolet about as wide as high, nearly quadrate, 2r-m as long as the mostly spectral 3r-m, T1basally with a distinct lateral rounded flange, and the longest ovipositor of the genus. The study employs morphological character coding combined with a reanalysis of published molecular data to investigate the phylogenetic placement of D. magnus. The results suggest that it may represent a borderline species within Digonocryptus or potentially a new genus, although further investigation is required due to limited available material and inconclusive data.
Slipinskiscymnus gen. nov., a new ladybird genus of Scymnini (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) and notes on the taxonomic status of Keiscymnus Sasaji
Authors: PENG FENG , POORANI J. , BOOTH ROGER G. , WANG XINGMIN , CHEN XIAOSHENG , ANURADHA C.
Published: August 2023

Slipinskiscymnus gen. nov. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is proposed to accommodate two anomalous species of Scymnini, namely, Scymnus pallidicollis Mulsant, 1853 (= Slipinskiscymnus pallidicollis (Mulsant), comb. nov.) and Scymnus saciformis Motschulsky, 1858 (=Slipinskiscymnus saciformis (Motschulsky), comb. nov.) and five new species, Slipinskiscymnus confertus Peng et Chen sp. nov., S. siculiformis Peng et Chen sp. nov., S. spiculatus Peng et Chen sp. nov., S. interstricus Peng et Chen sp. nov. and S. keralensis Poorani sp. nov., described from China and India. A lectotype is designated for Scymnus saciformis Motschulsky, 1858 (lectotype designation). Descriptive accounts of these species with illustrations of adult habitus, male genitalia and other diagnostic characters are given with a key to species. Notes on the status of the genus Keiscymnus Sasaji, 1971, are also provided.
New data about the distribution of Ascopus Marshall in West Africa, with description of two new species (Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Entiminae; Cneorhinini)
Authors: BOROVEC ROMAN , PERRIN HÉLÈNE
Published: August 2023

Ascopus longisetosus Borovec & Perrin sp. nov. from Guinea and A. suturatus Borovec & Perrin sp. nov. from Guinea and Liberia are described and illustrated. New faunistic records are presented for the species Ascopus curvipes (Hustache, 1931) (new record for Liberia), A. girardi Borovec & Perrin, 2019 (new record for Liberia, Ivory Coast and Sierra Leone), and A. pyriformis Marshall, 1951 (new record for Sierra Leone).
Bifurcation Points for Tropical Cyclone Genesis and Intensification in Sheared and Dry Environments
Authors: Nam Chaehyeon C. , Bell Michael M. , Tao Dandan
Published: August 2023

The combination of moderate vertical wind shear (VWS) and dry environments can produce the most uncertain scenarios for tropical cyclone (TC) genesis and intensification. We investigated the sources of increased uncertainty of TC development under moderate VWS and dry environments using a set of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) ensemble simulations. Statistical analysis of ensemble members for precursor events and time-lagged correlations indicates that successful TC development is dependent on a specific set of precursor events. A deficiency in any of these precursor events leads to a failure of TC intensification. The uncertainty of TC intensification can be largely attributed to the probabilistic characteristics of precursor events lining up together before TC intensification. The critical bifurcation point between successful and failed trials in these idealized simulations is the sustained vortex alignment process. Even for the failed intensification cases, most simulations showed deep organized convection, which reformed a midlevel vortex. However, for the failed cycles, the new midlevel vortex could not sustain vertical alignment with the low-level center and was carried away by VWS shortly. Under the most uncertain setup (VWS = 7.5 m s−1 and 50% moisture), the latest-developing ensemble member had seven events of tilt decreasing and increasing again that occurred during the 8 days before genesis. Some unsuccessful precursor events looked very close to the successful ones, implying limits on the intrinsic predictability for TC genesis and intensification in moderately sheared and dry environments.

Significance Statement

The aim of this study is to identify a critical bifurcation point that determines whether tropical disturbances in moderately sheared and dry environments will develop into intense storms or dissipate. When it comes to predicting the formation and strength of tropical cyclones, vertical wind shear, where the environmental wind changes with height, presents a challenging scenario. When the shear is neither too weak nor too strong, some systems manage to develop into cyclones, while others get torn apart under similar shear conditions. Understanding the differences between these outcomes remains a puzzle. Through extensive computer simulations, we have discovered a key factor that contributes to the uncertainty surrounding the alignment of the midlevel vortex with the center of the low-level vortex. These results reveal the complexity and multiple sources of uncertainty involved in forecasting tropical cyclone intensification, providing valuable insights into why moderate shear is a particularly challenging regime to predict tropical genesis and intensification.
A Mapping Methodology Adapted to all Polar and Subpolar Oceans with a Stretching/Shrinking Constraint
Authors: Mensah Vigan , Ohshima Kay I.
Published: August 2023

Polar and subpolar oceans play a particularly important role in the global climate and its temporal changes, yet these regions are less well sampled than the rest of the global ocean. To better understand the physical or biogeochemical properties and their variabilities in these regions, accurate data mapping is crucial. In this paper, we introduce a mapping methodology that includes a water column shrinking and stretching constraint (SSC) based on the principle of conservation of potential vorticity. To demonstrate the mapping scheme efficiency, we map the ocean temperature in the southern Sea of Okhotsk, where the bottom topography comprises a broad and shallow shelf, a sharp continental slope, and a deep oceanic basin. Such topographic features are typical of polar and subpolar marginal seas. Results reveal that the SSC integrated (SSCI) mapping strongly reduces the mapping error in the broad and shallow shelf compared with a recently introduced topographic constraint integrated (TCI) mapping procedure. We also tested our mapping scheme in the Southern Ocean, which has a comparatively slanted shelf, a wider and gentler slope, and a deep and broad oceanic basin. We found that the SSCI and TCI methods are practically equivalent there. The SSCI mapping is thus an effective method to map the ocean’s properties in various topographic environments and should be adequate in all polar and subpolar regions. Importantly, we introduced a standardized procedure for determining the decorrelation length scales—a necessary step prior to implementing any mapping scheme—in any topographic conditions.
Linguistic minorities and strategic mobilisation in eastern India: Bengali-Biharis during the era of linguistic territorialism (1935–57)
Authors: Bhattacharya Medha
Published: August 2023

This article analyses how linguistic minorities in the province of Bihar navigated the era of linguistic territorialism, when mainstream political organisations and figures within India largely agreed that specific linguistic communities ‘belonged’ in particular regions. Indian scholarship has tended to focus on the mechanisms that brought about the linguistic reorganisation of states in India, therefore, concentrating largely on the ways in which territory and language became intrinsically connected. This article will examine the link of language and belonging with regard to a ‘community’, which demanded that states remain linguistically and culturally heterogenous. It focuses on the section of Biharis that identified Bengali as their ‘mother-tongue’ and tracks the transformation of Bengali politics within the province/state during the transition from colonial rule to independence. It explores the ways in which narratives of historical Bengali settlement were deployed for different reasons across this period, and argues that Bengalis in Bihar conceptualised the ordering of the Indian nation in a way that was inherently different from mainstream understandings of how the country should be ordered during this period. Bengali-Bihari figures and publications deployed rhetoric that attached much greater value to territorial belonging than to linguistic or cultural belonging. This article demonstrates that contrary to common assumptions, there were large groups of people who conceptualised India not just as a linguistically heterogenous nation, but one that consisted of linguistically heterogenous states that protected minority linguistic communities.
What might working from home mean for the geography of work and commuting in the Greater Golden Horseshoe, Canada?
Authors: Sweet Matthias , Scott Darren M
Published: August 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted the precarity of urban society, illustrating both opportunities and challenges. Teleworking rates increased dramatically during the pandemic and may be sustained over the long term. For transportation planners, these changes belie the broader questions of how the geography of work and commuting will change based on pandemic-induced shifts in teleworking and what this will mean for society and policymaking. This study focuses on these questions by using survey data ( n = 2580) gathered in the autumn of 2021 to explore the geography of current and prospective telework. The study focuses on the Greater Golden Horseshoe, the mega-region in Southern Ontario, representing a fifth of Canadians. Survey data document telework practices before and during the pandemic, including prospective future telework practices. Inferential models are used to develop working-from-home scenarios which are allocated spatially based on respondents’ locations of work and residence. Findings indicate that telework appears to be poised to increase most relative to pre-pandemic levels around downtown Toronto based on locations of work, but increases in teleworking are more dispersed based on employees’ locations of residence. Contrary to expectations by many, teleworking is not significantly linked to home–work disconnect – suggesting that telework is poised to weaken the commute–housing trade-off embedded in bid rent theory. Together, these results portend a poor outlook for downtown urban agglomeration economies but also more nuanced impacts than simply inducing sprawl.
Entering an Information Era of Parallel Truths? A Qualitative Analysis of Legitimizing and De-legitimizing Truth Claims in Established Versus Alternative Media Outlets
Authors: Hameleers Michael , Yekta Nilou
Published: August 2023

In today’s digital media ecology, alternative narratives and conspiracies spread rapidly, and may undermine the legitimacy of journalism and reinforce polarized divides in society. In this setting, constructions of truth may greatly vary across established and alternative media. In this paper, we use a comparative qualitative content analysis in the US and the Netherlands to offer in-depth insights into how factual claims are legitimized and delegitimized by alternative versus mainstream media outlets. We put the assumption of post-factual relativism and alternative truths to an empirical test: To what extent and how do alternative versus established media construct irreconcilable versions of reality? When political disagreement is no longer founded on a shared reality, representative democracy may be severely damaged and vulnerable to undermining discourses of untruthfulness.
“Take a Mental Break”: Examining the Coping Efforts of Black College Students Exposed to Police Killings
Authors: Wilson Betty L. , Wolfer Terry A. , Wooten Nikki R. , Pitner Ronald , Moore Sharon E. , Anders Allison Daniel
Published: August 2023

Given the repeated police killings of unarmed Black people and their increasing visibility because of recent technological advances, Black people are especially vulnerable to adverse mental health effects. However, little is known about how they attempt to cope with these incidents or how their efforts may affect their mental health. Informed by trauma theory and stress, appraisal, and coping theory, this study used semi-structured in-depth interviews with 30 Black male and female undergraduate college students (aged 18–28) exposed to police killings of other unarmed Black people to examine their coping efforts and the impact on their mental health. Students were recruited from four historically Black colleges and universities in South Carolina. Grounded theory analysis identified several emotion-focused coping and problem-focused coping employed by Black college students to cope with repeated police killings. Furthermore, findings suggest that proactive planning for police killings, at both individual and personal network levels, buffers students against the negative mental impacts of these events. Research and practice implications suggest the need for future studies to identify and develop culturally specific interventions that support effective coping skills to mitigate adverse health outcomes for Black people in the aftermath of police killings.
Infusion of Climate Change Topics in Introductory Psychology Textbooks: A Content Analysis
Authors: Hadd Alexandria Ree , Nolan Jessica M. , Holland Christopher
Published: August 2023

Background: Mitigating and adapting to climate change are areas where psychology has promising applications. Recent task forces have recommended several approaches for psychologists to address climate change—including teaching about the intersection of psychology and climate change. Objective: The current study analyzes climate change topics in 36 commonly used introductory psychology textbooks. Method: We identified introductory psychology textbooks from three recent studies and procured electronic copies of each. Using a summative content analysis approach, we developed a list of keywords and analyzed each textbook's climate change mentions in terms of quantity, location, and content. Results: Most introductory psychology textbooks included at least one climate change mention, with substantial variability across textbooks. Climate change was often mentioned in the introduction, as well as social psychology and judgment or thinking chapters. Examples of climate change topics by chapter are provided. Conclusions: Most introductory psychology textbooks included at least some climate change discussion, but textbooks differed substantially in how (and how much) they incorporated climate change topics. Teaching Implications: We offer recommendations to instructors on textbooks with relatively high climate change content as well as textbook publishers and authors for additional ways to infuse climate change topics in future textbooks.