bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning in the e-environment
Authors: Matijević Milan
Published: March 2015

We live in times of rapid change in all areas of science, technology, communication and social life. Every day we are asked to what extent school prepares us for these changes and for life in a new, multimedia environment. Children and adolescents spend less time at school or in other settings of learning than they do outdoors or within other social communities (family, clubs, societies, religious institutions and the like). Experts must constantly inquire about what exactly influences learning and development in our rich media environment. The list of the most important life competences has significantly changed and expanded since the last century. Educational experts are attempting to predict changes in the content and methodology of learning at the beginning of the 21st century. Answers are sought to key questions such as: what should one learn; how should one learn; where should one learn; why should one learn; and how do these answers relate to the new learning environment? In his examination of the way children and young people learn and grow up, the author places special attention on the relationship between personal and non-personal communication (e.g. the internet, mobile phones and different types of e-learning). He deals with today's questions by looking back to some of the more prominent authors and studies of the past fifty years that tackled identical or similar questions (Alvin Toffler, Ivan Illich, George Orwell, and the members of the Club of Rome). The conclusion reached is that in today's world of rapid and continuous change, it is much more crucial than in the last century, both, to be able to learn, and to adapt to learning with the help of new media.
Information behaviour of university students
Authors: Rubinić Dora
Published: March 2015

This literature review attempts to give an overview of the field of university students' information behaviour. Students are generally one of the most investigated groups in the field of human information behaviour, but the field of students' information behaviour is difficult to draw into a coherent knowledge base. There are many studies of different aspects of information behaviour conducted over different groups of students. This paper presents some of the key conclusions and perspectives of selected studies. Studies in this field are conducted from the beginning of 1970's when the focus was on exploring the usage of library resources and services. During the last two decades the interest in students' library use and information behaviour in general has increased and the focus of research expanded. This review presents the literature in the following main areas: disciplinary differences in information seeking and use, the impact of curriculum and wider context including learning and teaching, effects of personality attributes, and studies that focus on use of electronic information resources. This paper also highlights research problems that authors suggest as topics for further studies.
Is Long-term Warfarin Therapy Necessary in Chinese Patients with Atrial Fibrillation after Bioprosthetic Mitral Valve Replacement and Left Atrial Appendage Obliteration?
Authors: Zhang Lin , Jiang Shengli , Ren Chonglei , Gao Changqing
Published: March 2015

Background: Long-term warfarin therapy has been used to decrease thromboembolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) following bioprosthetic mitral valve replacement (BMVR) and left atrial appendage obliteration (LAAO). A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of long-term warfarin or aspirin therapy in patients with AF after BMVR and LAAO.
Methods: A total of 215 patients with persistent AF were given anticoagulation therapy with warfarin for the first
3 months after BMVR and LAAO, continuing warfarin or aspirin therapy according to the surgeon’s preference. A yearly follow-up with patients was performed by telephone or mail for postoperative condition, cerebrovascular, and bleeding events.
Results: Seven patients died in the first 3 months after surgery, including 6 patients from heart failure and 1 patient from sudden death. The remaining 208 patients were divided into two groups: warfarin group (n = 84 patients) and aspirin group (n = 124). The patients in the warfarin group were older than those in the aspirin group and had a lower postoperative left ventricular ejection fraction. Other baseline and operative characteristics were similar. The two groups had similar incidence of thromboembolic events (9.5% versus 8.9%, P = .873) and bleeding events（7.1% versus 3.2%,
P = .207). Each group had one intracranial hemorrhage. Eleven patients expired within three months after surgery, 4（4.8%) in the warfarin group and 10（8.1%）in the aspirin group (P = .411 by Fisher exact test). Cumulative survival was not significantly different in the two groups by Kaplan-Meier analysis (P = .55, log-rank test).
Conclusion: At the current time in China, long-term warfarin or aspirin therapy may have no significantly different impact on long-term prognosis after 3 months anticoagulation with warfarin in patients with AF undergoing BMVR and LAAO.
Simultaneous Occurrence of a Large Asymptomatic Prolapsing Left Atrial Myxoma with a Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Iltumur Kenan , Demir Tolga , Ariturk Zuhal , Toprak Nizamettin , Oto Oztekin
Published: March 2015

Synchronous myxoma of the heart and other malignancies are extremely rare. We report a case of a 64-year-old man who had a large left atrial myxoma that obstructed the mitral valve, as well as an unrelated, coexistent cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in the sacral area. During the preoperative evaluation for non-cardiac surgery, the tumor was diagnosed coincidentally by echocardiographic examination. Echocardiography findings were consistent with a large left atrial myxoma originating from the posterior wall and prolapsing into the left ventricular cavity through the mitral valve, causing mitral stenosis. The mass was successfully completely excised. Histologic examination of the mass confirmed the diagnosis of cardiac myxoma. We report a casual echocardiographic finding of a left atrial myxoma that obstructed the mitral valve outflow tract, and an unrelated, synchronous cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in the sacral area.
Inflammation and Congenital Heart Disease Associated Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Gursoy Mete , Salihoglu Ece , Hatemi Ali Can , Hokenek A. Faruk , Ozkan Suleyman , Ceyran Hakan
Published: March 2015

Background: Increased blood flow may trigger pulmonary arterial wall inflammation, which may influence progression of pulmonary artery hypertension in patients with congenital heart disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate the correlation between preoperative inflammation markers and pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Methods: A total of 201 patients with pulmonary hypertension were enrolled in this study retrospectively; they had undergone open heart surgery between January 2012 and December 2013. Patients’ preoperative C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, red blood cell distribution width, pulmonary pressures, and postoperative outcomes were evaluated.
Results: Patient age, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, red blood cell distribution width, and CRP were found to be significantly correlated with both preoperative peak and mean pulmonary artery pressures. These data were entered into a linear logistic regression analysis. Patient age, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, and CRP were found to be independently correlated with peak pulmonary pressure (P < .001, P < .001, and P = .004) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (P < .001, P < .001, and P = .001), whereas preoperative mean pulmonary artery pressure was found to be independently correlated with intensive care unit stay (P < .001). No parameter was found to be significantly correlated with extubation time and mortality. Eighteen patients had experienced pulmonary hypertensive crisis; in this subgroup, patients’ mean pulmonary artery pressure and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio were found to be significant (P = .047, P = .003).
Conclusion: Preoperative inflammation markers may be correlated with the progression of pulmonary hypertensive disease, but further studies with larger sample size are needed to determine the predictive role of these markers for postoperative outcomes.
Repair of Acute Ascending Aorta-Arch Dissection with Continuous Body Perfusion: A Case Report
Authors: Novitzky Dimitri , Izzo Edward G. , Alkire Mark J. , Brock John C.
Published: March 2015

An approach for the replacement of the distal ascending aorta-proximal arch and acute dissection is described. During the operation, the patient's entire body was continuously perfused, the aortic arch was excluded from the arterial circulation, and the aorta was not clamped at any time. To achieve continuous body perfusion, we independently cannulated the right axillary and the left femoral arteries. The right atrium was cannulated for systemic venous return, and the right radial artery was used for arterial blood pressure monitoring. The myocardium was protected with retrograde cardioplegia, and the body was protected with moderate hypothermia. Vascular clamps were placed to the proximal innominate, left carotid, and left subclavian arteries without discontinuing perfusion of the right axillary artery. A temporary clamp was applied to the femoral line, the aorta was transected, and a large Foley catheter was inserted through the true aortic lumen. The Foley bulb was positioned in the proximal descending thoracic aorta and distended with saline until the aortic blood return ceased. The femoral line clamp was removed from the cannula, and the entire body was perfused during the completion of the distal aortic anastomosis. At the completion of the anastomosis, the Foley bulb was slightly deflated. Once the inserted graft was filled with blood, a large vascular clamp was applied to the graft, and the previously placed clamps were removed from the arch branches. The femoral line was removed, and the body was perfused and rewarmed via the axillary cannulation. Following completion of the proximal graft-aortic anastomosis, the heart was reperfused, and all cannulas were removed in the usual fashion. Rapid recovery characterized the patient's initial postoperative course; however, multiple organ failure secondary to pump-induced inflammatory response followed. Aggressive medical management resulted in complete patient recovery. No neurologic deficits were observed, and the patient regained full cognitive function. This report describes a simple approach to facilitate repair of the aortic arch and minimize postoperative organ failure.
Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery May Produce a Hypercoagulable Patient
Authors: Quigley Robert L. , Fried David W. , Pym John , Highbloom Richard Y.
Published: March 2015

Background: The incidence of thromboembolic events following traditional open heart surgery has not been clinically significant. However, with beating heart surgery, for which cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is not required, the incidence of spontaneous intravascular thrombosis may be similar to that encountered after general surgeries. Compounding this risk is that many cases of off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery are reserved for the elderly patient with multiple comorbidities. The few studies to date that have assessed the coagulation profile in OPCAB patients have been limited to the first 24 hours after surgery. Methods: We prospectively studied 17 OPCAB and 6 on-pump patients over 4 days (hospital course) with daily thromboelastography. A coagulation index (CI) (reflecting R and K times, a angle, and maximum amplitude [MA]) was calculated for the patients, who served as their own controls. Results: The OPCAB patients demonstrated 3 days postoperatively a 17% increase in coagulation compared with the baseline. Specifically, the CI consistently revealed an elevation in the a angle and the MA, both of which reflect increased fibrinogen and platelet activity. On the other hand, 3 days following surgery the CI of the CPB group was tightly clustered around their respective baseline CI values, which had recovered from a significant decrease immediately after surgery. Conclusion: A state of hypercoagulability, as measured by thromboelastography, exists in the OPCAB patient beyond the first postoperative day, and this finding suggests that prophylactic postoperative anticoagulation therapy targeting fibrinogen and platelet activity may be indicated for these patients.
Blood Flow Pattern and Anastomotic Compliance for Interrupted versus Continuous Coronary Bypass Grafts
Authors: Gerdisch Marc , Hinkamp Thomas , Ainsworth Stephen D.
Published: March 2015

Background: Use of the interrupted coronary anastomosis has largely been abandoned in favor of the more rapid continuous suturing technique. The Coalescent U-CLIP anastomotic device allows the surgeon to create an interrupted distal anastomosis in the same amount of time that it would take to create a continuous anastomosis. This acute bovine study examined the effect of the anastomotic technique on blood flow and vessel wall function. Methods: End-to-side coronary anastomoses were created in an open chest bovine model using the left and right internal thoracic arteries and the left anterior descending coronary artery. All other variables except suturing technique were carefully controlled. In each animal, one anastomosis was completed using a continuous suturing technique and the other was performed in an interrupted fashion using the Coalescent U-CLIP anastomotic device. Volumetric flow curves through each graft were analyzed using key indicators of anastomotic quality, and anastomotic compliance was evaluated using intravascular ultrasound. Luminal castings were created of each vessel to examine the interior surface of each anastomosis for constrictions and deformities. Results: The interrupted anastomoses created with the Coalescent U-CLIP anastomotic device showed significant differences with respect to anastomotic compliance, pulsatility index, peak flow, and percentage of diastolic flow. The cross-sectional area and degree of luminal deformity were also different for the two suturing techniques. Conclusions: In this acute bovine model, interrupted coronary anastomoses demonstrated superior geometric consistency and greater physiologic compliance than did continuously sutured anastomoses. The interrupted anastomosis also caused fewer disturbances to the flow waveform, behaving similarly to a normal vessel wall. The combination of these effects may influence both acute and long-term patency of the coronary bypass grafts.
A Simple Method of Creating LVAD Outflow Tract Aortic Anastomosis
Authors: Kukuy Eugene L. , Goldstein Daniel J. , Rao Vivek , Edwards Niloo M. , Naka Yoshifumi
Published: March 2015

Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation is frequently complicated by intraoperative and postoperative bleeding, particularly at the aortic anastomosis site. Many modifications of the anastomosis have been attempted. We describe a simple method to anastomose the LVAD outflow tract to the ascending aorta with minimal bleeding and a short anastomosis time.
Routine Intracoronary Shunting in Multivessel Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass: A Retrospective Review of in-Hospital Outcomes in 550 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Balkhy Husam H. , Quinn Curtis C. , Lois Kathryn H. , Munsch Carol M.
Published: March 2015

Background: Since 1999 our institution has adopted off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) for treating the majority of our patients. In the year 2001, 96% of our isolated coronary bypass procedures were performed on the beating heart. Routine use of intracoronary shunts in OPCABG has been a controversial topic. We use routine intracoronary shunting in all cases to maintain distal perfusion and to help achieve hemostasis. Methods: We reviewed the first 550 OPCABG procedures performed at our institution (July 1998-December 2001) by 2 surgeons currently performing >95% of all coronary bypasses off-pump. All cases were completed with routine intracoronary shunting using Flo-Coil (Guidant, Santa Clara, CA, USA) or Flo-Thru (Bio-Vascular, St Paul, MN, USA) shunts. The mean number of grafts was 3.7. (range, 1-8). In-hospital outcomes in this series of patients were compared to outcomes in 485 patients operated on by the same 2 surgeons using traditional cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and aortic cross-clamping prior to adopting routine OPCABG. Statistical significance was calculated using Pearson chi-square analysis and reported for P values of <.05. Results: The rates of occurrence of postoperative cardiovascular accident, atrial fibrillation, prolonged ventilator time, renal failure, and blood product use and the length of postoperative stay were significantly less in the off-pump group (P < .05). Predicted risk of mortality, observed mortality, and perioperative myocardial infarction rates were not significantly different in the 2 groups (P < .05). The conversion rate was 3.1%. Conclusion: We conclude that routine intracoronary shunting in OPCABG is a safe technique that is associated
Total Arterial Off-Pump Coronary Revascularization with Only Internal Thoracic Artery and Composite Radial Artery Grafts
Authors: Kobayashi Junjiro , Tagusari Osamu , Bando Ko , Niwaya Kazuo , Nakajima Hiroyuki , Ishida Michiko , Fukushima Satsuki , Kitamura Soichiro
Published: March 2015

Objective: Total arterial off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) grafting with only internal thoracic artery (ITA) and composite radial artery (RA) grafts has been applied extensively to avoid cerebral complications and late vein graft failure. We evaluated the initial experience with this method by clinical and angiographic study. Methods: Between April 2000 and May 2002, 257 patients underwent OPCAB grafting with this technique. The range of ages at operation was 42 to 86 years (mean, 66.1 � 8.6 years). On average, 3.28 � 0.86 grafts per patient were completed. More than 4 distal anastomoses were performed in 88 patients (34%). For coronary revascularization, 289 ITA and 555 RA grafts were used. The RA was used as a Y graft in 211 patients, as an I graft (for ITA extension) in 52 patients, and as a K graft (the side of the RA attached to the side of the left ITA) in 28 patients. Sequential bypass grafting was performed with 190 RA and 7 ITA grafts. The sites of distal anastomoses were 256 left anterior descending arteries (30%), 236 posterolateral branches (28%), 144 posterior descending arteries (17%), 106 diagonal branches (13%), 82 obtuse marginal branches (10%), and 19 right coronary arteries (2%). Results: There were 1 operative death (0.4%) due to cerebral hemorrhage and 2 episodes of stroke (0.8%) during postoperative angiography. There were no clinical underperfusion syndromes or new intra-aortic balloon pump insertions. Perioperative myocardial infarction occurred in 12 patients (4.7%), sternal dehiscence in 5 (1.9%), and early coronary intervention in 4 (1.6%). There was no deep wound infection, reexploration for bleeding, or hand ischemia. The actuarial survival rate and the cardiac event-free rate at 2 years were 98.6% � 2.4% and 94.2% � 0.8%, respectively. Early postoperative angiography revealed a 97.8% (264/270) graft patency of ITAs and 97.9% (512/523) graft patency of RAs in 238 patients. Flow competition of the RA graft was recognized in 22 patients and, as indicated by follow-up angiographic study, did not cause late graft occlusion. Conclusions: OPCAB grafting with ITAs and composite RAs provides excellent early and intermediate clinical results and graft patency.
Research, technology frontier and productivity growth
Authors: Pérez Patricio , Bengoa Marta , Fernández Adolfo
Published: March 2015

This paper uses the Jones (1995) framework to examine the contribution of imitation activities and innovative research effort on productivity growth for the US and some European leading economies. We carry out a comparative analysis for the last 50 years, with two model specifications, assuming country differences in the parameters associated with R&D effort. In the first one, the technological frontier position is determined by the country with the highest productivity, the United States. Alternatively, in the second specification, we alter the definition of the technological frontier, allowing it to transcend the leader. The empirical analysis leads to very different outcomes. The first specification estimation, using GMM techniques, indicates that American researchers are more technology growth enhancing than their European counterparts. In contrast, the results obtained for the second, using Kalman’s filter, show that when using an alternative definition of technological frontier, it is possible to observe a boost in innovation that reduces the dispersion among countries. Then, the leading European countries can take advantage; in this case, Germany exhibits the best performance, followed by the US.
Fish diversity of a southwestern Atlantic coastal island: aspects of distribution and conservation in a marine zoogeographical boundary
Authors: Pinheiro Hudson Tercio , Cordeiro Madureira João Marcos , Joyeux Jean-Christophe , Martins Agnaldo Silva
Published: March 2015

Despite the increase of knowledge about the southwestern Atlantic ichthyofauna, there is still a lack of information along extensive marine areas. The Espírito Santo state (ES) coast, considered a zoogeographic boundary and a transitional zone between tropical and subtropical realms, is still largely unknown. Here is provided a checklist containing 221 fish species at Franceses Island (south coast of ES), which was attained with data from 2000 to 2010 by means of underwater observations, specimen collections and fisheries monitoring. Abundance, habitats and threat risks of each species are shown and discussed. The number of reef fish species found at Franceses Island corresponds approximately to 35% of all fishes present in the Brazilian Province. The conservation of the Franceses Island and surrounding areas would protect a mosaic of environments that can support a high diversity of fish species.
Macaregua: the cave with the highest bat richness in Colombia
Authors: Pérez-Torres Jairo , Martínez-Medina Daniela , Peñuela-Salgado Mónica , Ríos-Blanco María Cristina , Estrada-Villegas Sergio , Martínez-Luque Leonardo
Published: March 2015

Bats provide crucial ecosystem services like pest control and pollination and depend heavily on roost quality for their survival. Bats favor caves for the establishment of large populations thanks to favorable microclimatic conditions. Colombia has an important cave system in the Santander region that has not been fully explored, thus its importance for bat conservation remains largely unknown. Here we report the most updated list of the species present in the Macaregua Cave (Santander, Colombia) and comment on its use by different species. We found eight species that use the cave permanently or sporadically in addition to two previously known species. We also found a high population that ranges between 7,000–10,000 individuals. Macaregua Cave can now be recognized as the most bat-diverse (S = 10) cave in Colombia, harboring an important bat population of pest controllers and seed dispersers.
Entre a escravidão e a liberdade: as alforrias em Mariana-MG no século XIX (1840-1888)
Authors: Teixeira Heloísa Maria
Published: March 2015

Este artigo analisa o padrão das alforrias na localidade mineira de Mariana (economicamente voltada para a subsistência) a partir das cartas de liberdade, durante o período 1840-1888, buscando apreender as transformações na concessão da manumissão no contexto das leis abolicionistas.
Compadrio e escravidão na Bahia seiscentista
Authors: Krause Thiago
Published: March 2015

A partir do estudo do compadrio em quatro paróquias rurais na Bahia, entre 1613 e 1700, são examinadas as especificidades do período de consolidação da escravidão na principal capitania açucareira do Estado do Brasil. Por meio de uma análise quantitativa, demonstra-se a reduzida relevância demográfica dos forros, o prestígio de pardos e mulatos dentro do próprio cativeiro e a raridade do matrimônio oficializado pela Igreja Católica, em comparação com outras regiões e períodos. Por outro lado, também são realizados estudos de caso, de modo a atentar para o envolvimento - direto ou indireto - das elites no compadrio com os cativos: tais momentos podiam servir, por exemplo, para ampliar a rede de relações dos maiores potentados com livres subalternos - que, por sua vez, buscavam ascender socialmente.
Uma "sociedade do espetáculo" nos/dos estudos organizacionais brasileiros: notas críticas sobre uma leitura incipiente
Authors: Gobira Pablo , Lima Oscar , Carrieri Alexandre
Published: March 2015

Este artigo analisa a recepção de Guy Debord na Administração. Para isso, recorre à teoria crítica do autor com o intuito de explorar as formas como os pesquisadores da área estão incorporando o pensamento do teórico francês em seus trabalhos. Com trabalhos científicos em mãos e em referência à tradição crítica ocidental, inaugurada nas primeiras décadas do século XX, apresentamos os limites e possibilidades dessas apropriações na Administração, com o intuito de abrir possibilidades de pesquisa com um ensaísta tão pouco explorado. Entendemos que a teoria crítica sobre a sociedade do espetáculo, ao contrário do que tem sido feito nos estudos organizacionais, e a leitura de alguns intelectuais latino-americanos, não se resume somente aos estudos culturais. Nesse sentido, a forma de adotar Debord e sua crítica na Administração serve como crítica à Administração, tal como se critica todo o espetáculo.
O novo sentido do trabalho para o sujeito pós-moderno: uma abordagem crítica
Authors: Rohm Ricardo Henry Dias , Lopes Natália Fonseca
Published: March 2015

Análise sobre as maneiras como a sociedade gerencial desenvolve nas mentes uma representação do mundo e da própria pessoa humana, de modo que o único caminho aparente de realização de si consista na lógica da produtividade e em sua relação psíquica e social, tornando a empresa uma referência para a construção do sujeito. Hoje, há necessidade de um eu maleável, sempre aberto a novas experiências; são essas as condições adequadas ao trabalho de curto prazo, a instituições flexíveis e à nova empregabilidade. Esta última constitui um macrodispositivo de controle micropolítico na produção de subjetividades. Richard Sennett afirma que o sentido da vida e da morte não se contabiliza. E é por isso que se deve dar vazão às relações humanas e à satisfação da alma, e não só ao capital, ao capitalismo. Para embasar este artigo, busca-se o caminho de construção da noção de trabalho até alcançar o gerenciamento atual na pós-modernidade. Espera-se, assim, ampliar a compreensão desse fenômeno e viabilizar a produção de métodos mais eficazes e humanizantes da prática de gestão de pessoas nas organizações. Será adotada a pesquisa bibliográfica por meio da revisão de literatura em Ciências Sociais e da Teoria Crítica aplicada à análise da administração na atualidade. A Teoria Crítica busca desenvolver articulações que penetrem a forma e substância, visando questionar a realidade aparente e abarcar a realidade encoberta nas estruturas organizacionais.
Repertório botânico da "Pitombeira" (Talisia esculenta (A. ST.-HIL.) Radlk. - Sapindaceae)
Authors: GUARIM NETO Germano , SANTANA Santina Rodrigues , SILVA Josefa Valdete Bezerra
Published: March 2015

Os autores apresentam os resultados obtidos com o estudo de Talisia esculenta (A. St.-Hil.) Radlk. (Sapindaceae), denominada principalmente de "pitomba" ou "pitombeira", envolvendo aspectos botânicos referentes à morfologia, taxonomia, distribuição geográfica e respectivos usos. A espécie é bastante difundida no Brasil, sendo que nas regiões norte e nordeste o seu uso é intenso.
Caracterização anatômica da madeira de sete espécies da amazônia com vistas à produção de energia e papel
Authors: PAULA José Elias
Published: March 2015

Foram estudadas as características anatômicas da madeira de 7 espécies ocorrentes na floresta Amazônia com vistas a geração de energia ou produção de papel. Para qualificação de madeira para produção de papel consideraram-se, dentre outros parâmetros, o coeficiente de rigidez e de flexibilidade, densidade, índice de Runkel, percentual de fibras, vasos, parênquima axial e de raios. Para produção de energia determinaram-se a densidade, a fração parede (%) das células em relação a área ocupada por cada tipo de células, percentual de fibras, de vasos e de parênquima axial e radial. O estudo foi baseado em 3 áreas de seções transversais, orientadas do centro em direção ao alburno. Com base nas características anatômicas e na densidade, Bellucia grossularioides, Cecropia palmata, Duguetia cauliflora, Eschweilera matamata e Parkia multuijuga podem ser usadas para polpa destinada a produção de papel, e Myrocarpus frondosus, Sloaneagrandis podem ser usadas na produção de carvão.
Ingestão e hábitos alimentares de pré-escolares de três capitais da Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira: um enfoque especial à ingestão de Vitamina A
Authors: MARINHO Helyde Albuquerque , RONCADA Maria José
Published: March 2015

Com objetivo de avaliar o consumo de energia, vitamina A, zinco e proteínas, bem como os hábitos alimentares de pré-escolares das capitais de Roraima (Boa Vista),Amazonas (Manaus) e Rondônia (Porto Velho) foi realizado um inquérito alimentar em 54, 238 e 78 crianças de ambos os sexos (sub-amostra de inquérito nutricional mais abrangente),respectivamente, em creches e pré-escolas, mediante os métodos recordatório de 24 horas e de freqüência de consumo de alguns alimentos fontes de vitamina A, em entrevista com a mãe ou responsável pela criança. Os resultados mostram que os alimentos mais consumidos foram pão, bolacha e biscoito, com 98,3%, seguidos pelo açúcar (95,1%), arroz (92,4%), óleo vegetal (86,0), farinha de mandioca (77,4%), tomate (70,1%) e café (69,5%). O consumo de alimentos de origem animal foi responsável por quase dois terços do total ingerido de vitamina A. Quanto à distribuição dos alimentos fontes de vitamina A, observou-se semelhança do seu consumo nas três cidades estudadas. O percentual de adequação de consumo evidenciou que a proteína foi o único nutriente consumido em níveis superiores à recomendação da "National Research Council", enquanto o aporte dietético de vitamina A foi de 84,0%, 68,4% e 63,8%, em Boa Vista, Manaus e Porto Velho, respectivamente, com inadequação, inclusive, para energia e zinco. Observou-se um padrão alimentar monótono e limitado, com baixo consumo de fontes de vitamina A pré-formada, de hortaliças e de frutas fontes de carotenóides pró-vitamínicos A típicos da Região Amazônica, como buriti, tucumã, pupunha e manga, quase todas sazonais, que não estavam na sua época por ocasião do inquérito.
Flebotomíneos (Díptera: Psychodidae) de uma Floresta Primária de Terra Firme da Estação Experimental de Silvicultura Tropical, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil
Authors: DIAS-LIMA Artur Gomes , CASTÉLLON Eloy G. , SHERLOCK Ítalo
Published: March 2015

Estudos sobre o levantamento da fauna de flebótomos foram realizados numa floresta primária de terra firme da Estação Experimental de Silvicultura Tropical (EEST) do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), durante os meses de outubro de 1998 a março de 1999. Utilizando-se de armadilhas luminosas CDC colocadas a 1m, 10m e 20 metros de altura do solo, foram coletados 7.409 flebótomos, pertencentes a dois gêneros, Lutzomyia (99,98 %) e Brumptomyia (0,02%), abrangendo 39 espécies. Dentro do gênero Lutzomyia, os subgêneros mais representados foram Nyssomyia, com 39,43%, e Psychodopygus com 22,68%. O número de flebotomíneos coletados foi crescente, a partir do início da estação chuvosa.
The occurrence of the Asian Clam Corbicula fluminea in the lowe amazon basin
Authors: BEASLEY Colin Robert , TAGLIARO Claudia Helena , FIGUEIREDO Wilsea Batista
Published: March 2015

This paper records for the first time the presence of Corbicula fluminea (Philipi, 1844) in the Brazilian Amazon Basin. This exotic bivalve was found in localities on the Amazonas, Pará and Tocantins rivers. Density and population size structure were measured in some localities. Mean density is between 6.66 and 7.3 individuals m-2. Population size structure and the dates of the first records suggest that the introductions may have occurred between 1997 and 1998. The introductions may have been mediated by ocean-going vessels visiting the ports of Manaus and Belém. The potential impact of the invasion on native freshwater bivalves is discussed along with the need for monitoring and prevention of further introductions of non-indigenous bivalves in Brazil.
Mel Amargo de Breu (Protium sp., Burseraceae)
Authors: MARQUES-SOUZA Antonio Carlos , KERR Warwick Estevam
Published: March 2015

Foi analisada uma amostra de mel amargo procedente do Município de Mucajaí (Roraima, Brasil), Floresta de Apiaú. A análise polínica constatou a dominância de pólen de breu (Protium sp.) compreendendo 60,9% do total de grãos de pólen.
Comparação entre a classificação com base em traços e o percentual de consoantes corretas no desvio fonológico
Authors: Giacchini Vanessa , Mota Helena Bolli
Published: March 2015

OBJETIVO: verificar se existe diferença entre as classificações de gravidade do desvio fonológico obtido por meio do Percentual de Consoantes Corretas-Revisado e a classificação qualitativa baseada em traços. MÉTODOS: avaliaram-se dados de fala pré-terapia de 38 sujeitos cujos sistemas fonológicos foram classificados segundo a avaliação quantitativa Percentual de Consoantes Corretas-Revisado (Leve, Levemente-moderado, Moderadamente-grave, Grave) e avaliação qualitativa baseada em traços (Leve, Moderado, Moderado-Severo, Severo). Os dados foram analisados por tabelas de frequência e por meio do teste estatístico qui-quadrado (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: na avaliação geral verificou-se uma baixa concordância entre os resultados obtidos com a avaliação qualitativa e a quantitativa dos desvios fonológicos, apenas 34,79% de concordância nas avaliações. Na análise por graus de gravidade, observou-se que os graus extremos (Leve e Severo) obtiveram praticamente a mesma classificação com ambas as propostas, ao contrário do observado nos graus intermediários. CONCLUSÃO: com base nos resultados ressalta-se a importância de avaliações conjuntas, que aliem medidas quantitativas com qualitativas, principalmente para a diferenciação e caracterização dos graus intermediários de gravidade do desvio fonológico.
Estratégias adotadas por crianças com desenvolvimento fonológico típico e atípico no domínio da sílaba travada
Authors: Mezzomo Carolina Lisbôa , Vargas Diéssica Zacarias , Dias Roberta Freitas
Published: March 2015

OBJETIVO: estudar o uso das estratégias de reparo em crianças com desenvolvimento fonológico típico e atípico mediante uma análise guiada pela sílaba no alvo com coda simples. MÉTODOS: foram analisados dados de fala de 24 crianças com aquisição fonológica típica e 12 com desenvolvimento atípico, com idades entre 1:0 a 4:0 e 4:1 a 7:0, respectivamente. A variável dependente investigada incluiu as seguintes variantes silábicas: omissão da sílaba, omissão da coda, epêntese, metátese e coalescência. Por meio do Pacote Computacional VARBRUL realizou-se a análise estatística dos dados, com margem de erro de 5%. RESULTADOS: verificou-se o uso das estratégias de reparo como omissão da coda, coalescência, epêntese e metátese, nas crianças com desvio. Já no grupo com aquisição típica verificou-se maior ocorrência da omissão da sílaba. Para a omissão da coda, a variável idade foi significante. Quanto ao sexo, as meninas com desvio fonológico parecem utilizar mais estratégias de reparo, enquanto no grupo com aquisição típica os meninos parecem omitir mais a coda. A posição final da palavra tende a ser mais preservada em ambos os grupos. As posições extramétricas são as mais favoráveis para omissão da coda no grupo com aquisição atípica. A posição postônica é a mais favorecedora à omissão da coda e a tônica favorece a omissão da sílaba no grupo com aquisição típica. CONCLUSÃO: os grupos utilizam diferentes estratégias de reparo na aquisição da sílaba travada. O grupo com aquisição típica prefere omitir a sílaba já o grupo desviante utiliza as demais estratégias de reparo investigadas.
A influência da escolha dos sons-alvo e do modelo de terapia em crianças que apresentam dessonorização
Authors: Wiethan Fernanda Marafiga , Mota Helena Bolli
Published: March 2015

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a eficácia do Modelo ABAB-Retirada e Provas Múltiplas na reestruturação do sistema fonológico de crianças com dessonorização e a influência da escolha dos sons-alvo neste processo. Sete crianças foram selecionadas de um banco de dados de uma instituição federal. Todas estavam autorizadas por seus responsáveis a participar e deveriam apresentar dessonorização previamente à intervenção, sendo tratadas após pelo modelo ABAB-Retirada e Provas Múltiplas. Realizaram-se avaliações fonoaudiológicas e complementares para a obtenção do diagnóstico de desvio fonológico. A gravidade do desvio foi obtida por meio do Percentual de Consoantes Corretas-Revisado. Os sujeitos apresentavam desvios levemente-moderado ou moderadamente-grave, as idades variaram entre 5 anos e 7 anos e 1 mês. Três foram tratados com líquidas e quatro com a fricativa /ʒ/. Analisaram-se as amostras de fala das duas primeiras sessões de retirada do primeiro ciclo de terapia, utilizando-se o teste U de Mann-Whitney. Compararam-se as médias entre avaliação inicial e final ou as médias de evolução entre os grupos. Houve aumento significante do número de sons adquiridos e das produções corretas das fricativas. Porém, o mesmo não ocorreu com o Percentual de Consoantes Corretas-Revisado. As consoantes plosivas e líquidas também não demonstraram aumento significante de produções corretas. Na comparação entre os grupos tratado com líquidas versus tratado com a fricativa /ʒ/, não houve diferença para nenhuma das variáveis. Conclui-se que o modelo ABAB-Retirada e Provas Múltiplas melhora em alguns aspectos os sistemas fonológicos de crianças com dessonorização. Já os sons-alvo para terapia não influenciam neste processo.
A produção do onset complexo: aquisição guiada pela sílaba ou pelo segmento?
Authors: Lopes Silvana Gonçalves , Dias Roberta Freitas , Mezzomo Carolina Lisbôa
Published: March 2015

OBJETIVO: comparar e analisar a influência das características dos segmentos do onset complexo na produção correta em crianças com desenvolvimento fonológico típico e atípico. MÉTODOS: analisou-se dados de fala de 88 crianças, 44 com desenvolvimento fonológico típico e 44 atípico, com idades entre 2:6 a 5:3 e 5:3 a 8:0, respectivamente. Com um corpus de 524 palavras no desenvolvimento típico e 1310 no atípico. A variável dependente teve as variantes: produção correta do onset complexo , simplificação para Consoante1-Vogal com e sem mudança de obstruinte, simplificação para Consoante2-Vogal, mudança de obstruinte, substituição da líquida do encontro, epêntese, metátese e outros, como alongamento compensatório. As variáveis extralinguísticas foram: gênero, idade e tipo de desenvolvimento e as linguísticas: tonicidade; número de sílabas; contexto silábico precedente e seguinte; posição na palavra; tipo de líquida do onset complexo; ponto, sonoridade e classe da obstruinte. A análise estatística foi feita por meio do pacote computacional VARBRUL. RESULTADO: o programa estatístico selecionou para todos os grupos pelo menos uma das variáveis: ponto, sonoridade e classe da obstruinte. O tipo da líquida do encontro foi significante para o grupo único e atípicos e o tipo de desenvolvimento, para a produção correta e simplificação de Consonte1-Vogal com mudança de obstruinte. CONCLUSÃO: as variáveis linguísticas relacionadas à obstruinte e à liquida do encontro foram significantes à produção de Consoante-Consoante-Vogal. A variável tipo de desenvolvimento também foi relevante. Mostrando evidências que a aquisição do onset complexo pode ser guiado pelo segmento e que há diferença entre crianças típicas e atípicas.
Aquisição da sílaba consoante vogal (CV) por crianças com desenvolvimento fonológico típico e atípico
Authors: Mezzomo Carolina Lisbôa , Lopes Silvana Gonçalves , Abelin Camila Missau , Oppitz Sheila Jacques
Published: March 2015

OBJETIVO: descrever e comparar a aquisição da sílaba consoante vogal em crianças com desenvolvimento fonológico típico e atípico, investigando as variáveis linguísticas e extralinguísticas intervenientes neste processo. MÉTODOS: análise da fala de 24 crianças, 12 com desenvolvimento típico e 12 atípico, equiparadas quanto ao sexo, entre 1:0 a 3:11;29 (grupo típico) e 4:0 a 6:11;29 (grupo atípico com desvio fonológico evolutivo). As amostras foram coletadas transversalmente, com base na Avaliação Fonológica da Criança. Foram analisadas palavras com a sílaba alvo consoante vogal, com corpus de 888 palavras do típico e 2.233 do atípico. Foram consideradas como variantes da variável dependente a produção correta, apagamento de consoante da sílaba, epêntese, metátese e outros. Como variáveis independentes intervenientes consideraram-se os fatores extralinguísticos idade, sexo e tipo de desenvolvimento e as variáveis linguísticas tonicidade, classe de sons, número de sílabas, contexto silábico seguinte e precedente, posição na palavra e pé métrico. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente por meio do VARBRUL. RESULTADO: foram selecionadas como variáveis estatisticamente significantes para a produção correta de consoante vogal, idade e classe de sons, para típicos; classe de sons, sexo, idade e pé métrico, para atípicos; e classe de sons, sexo, idade, tonicidade e tipo de desenvolvimento, típicos e atípicos em conjunto. Verificou-se que ambos os grupos utilizam as mesmas estratégias de reparo, porém em maior frequência no grupo com desvio fonológico. Sendo as produções corretas mais frequentes no grupo típico. CONCLUSÃO: um maior número de variáveis estatisticamente significantes foram selecionadas no grupo atípico para produção correta, e ocorre uma maior frequência de estratégia neste grupo.
Fresh, equilibrated and post-thaw sperm quality of Brycon orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1850) and Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1837) treated with either salmon GnRHa and domperidone or pituitary extract
Authors: Viveiros Ana T.M. , Gonçalves Antonio C.S. , Nascimento Ariane F. , Leal Marcelo C.
Published: March 2015

The effects of reduced doses of Ovaprim™ (GnRHa + domperidone) on sperm release of Brycon orbignyanus and Prochilodus lineatus were evaluated. Furthermore, sperm quality was compared among fresh, equilibrated and post-thaw samples. Males received a single and reduced dose of Ovaprim™ (0.125 or 0.25 ml/kg); control males received pituitary extract (cPE; 3 mg/kg). Fresh sperm was evaluated for volume, concentration, seminal plasma osmolality and seminal plasma pH. Then sperm was diluted in a freezing medium, equilibrated for 15-20 min and frozen in nitrogen vapor vessel (dry-shipper). Sperm motility was analyzed during 60 s post-activation in fresh, equilibrated and post-thaw samples. Sperm quality of males treated with Ovaprim™ (both doses) were not different from that of cPE-treated males, thus these data were pooled. In B. orbignyanus, motility was higher in fresh (99%) than in equilibrated sperm (81%); post-thaw motility dropped to 42%. In P. lineatus, motility was similar in fresh (99%) and equilibrated sperm (92%); post-thaw motility was 73%. Motility decreased as a function of time post-activation, and this decrease was significant after 60 s in fresh and equilibrated sperm, and as soon as 30 s in post-thaw sperm, in both species. Ovaprim™ at 1/4 of the recommended dose can successfully replace cPE.
Level of Differentiation of Vocational Interests Profiles: Comparative Study by Age and Schooling in a Brazilian Sample
Authors: Noronha Ana Paula Porto , Ambiel Rodolfo Augusto Matteo
Published: March 2015

Vocational interests can be defined as standards of preference, aversion or indifference to professional activities, but little is known about the factors involved in their development. From this perspective, this study attempted to clarify which variable, age or schooling, better fit comparisons of profile differentiation index. To this end, we analyzed the Escala de Aconselhamento Profissional (Professional Counseling Scale) responses of 6,824 Brazilian students between 14 and 50 years old with various levels of education. Differentiation of the interest profile was observed by subtraction between dimensions with lower and higher scores. Normality of the distributions was verified and then Analysis of Variance and Tukey’s post hoc test were conducted in relation to groups of age and schooling. The results suggest that schooling is a more appropriate variable to compare the differentiation of interests. The implications and limitations of this study are discussed, and suggestions for future studies are given.
CDRI as an Instrument to Evaluate Infants With Developmental Problems Associated With Autism
Authors: Campana Nathalia Teixeira Caldas , Lerner Rogério , David Vinicius Frayze
Published: March 2015

This exploratory study investigates the contributions the Clinical Risk Indicators in Child Development (CDRI) may bring for the evaluation of infants who might be considered in autistic development. To do so, results of the evaluation – using CDRI and the Modified Checklist for Autism (M-CHAT) – of 43 babies who were 18 months old were compared. The present study showed that autism is amongst the risks the CDRI detects. The statistical analysis highlights that the axis Subject Assumption (SA) may not differentiate infants who present developmental problems associated with autism from typically developing ones. The Alternate Presence/Absence (PA) axis seems to be the one that most distinguishes these groups of infants. The clinical vignette demonstrates that CDRI can be used as a guide that helps to understand the family dynamics and can guide the interventions made in public health services.
Psychiatric Crisis Management in the Emergency Care Hospital Network
Authors: Dimenstein Magda Diniz Bezerra , Gruska Viktor , Leite Jader Ferreira
Published: March 2015

Since psychiatric crisis treatment is crucial in mental health care, this study aimed to characterize the psychiatric crisis in the hospital emergency services of Natal/RN. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 33 professionals employed in four local public hospitals. The results revealed the absence of adequate beds for psychiatric conditions, scarcity of psychiatric drugs, lack of clarity regarding diagnostic criteria, treatment based on chemical restraint and inpatient care as a priority strategy. Furthermore, there is fragmentation of the work processes with physician centrality in the management of crisis, disarticulation between hospitals and other services of the psychosocial care network and systematic referrals to psychiatric hospital. We conclude that the configuration of the local hospital network does not present satisfactory responsiveness to psychiatric crisis situations and its clinical and institutional weaknesses reflect the process of psychiatric reform in the region.
Tratamento Preservativo de Duas Espécies de Bambu por Imersão Prolongada e Boucherie Modificado
Authors: Tiburtino Rogy Frigeri , Paes Juarez Benigno , Beraldo Antônio Ludovico , Arantes Marina Donaria Chaves , Brocco Victor Fassina
Published: March 2015

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a qualidade do tratamento preservativo das espécies de bambu Dendrocalamus giganteus e Bambusa vulgaris submetidas a dois métodos de tratamento. Os bambus foram colhidos em touceiras em Alegre e Jerônimo Monteiro, sul do Espírito Santo. As hastes foram seccionadas em colmos de 2,0 m de comprimento e tratadas em soluções de 1 e 3% de ingredientes ativos (i.a.) de um produto à base de cobre, cromo e boro (CCB). No método de imersão prolongada, os colmos foram imersos na solução por 5, 10 e 15 dias. No método de Boucherie modificado, a solução penetrou no bambu pela ação de uma pressão de 0,7 MPa. Foi avaliada a qualidade do tratamento por meio da penetração e da retenção do CCB nos colmos. Houve maior penetração de i.a. na base dos colmos e a retenção ficou abaixo da recomendada pela norma brasileira para tratamento de madeira.