bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differentiated approach to the prescription of dexpanthenol drugs in the practice of a pediatrician
Authors: Zakharova I. N. , Tvorogova T. M. , Berezhnaya I. V. , Pshenichnikova I. I. , Dmitrieva Yu. A. , Tsutsaeva A. N. , Machneva E. B. , Yudina A. E. , Pupykina V. V.
Published: January 2022

The article provides information about the features of the structure, development and differentiated approach to the appointment of dexapanthenol preparations used for the prevention and complex treatment of skin diseases in children of wounded age. Regular use of leave-on cosmetic products including body creams and lotions is very high among children aged 0–4 years. However, in most cases, recommendations for the use of topical baby skin care medicinal products and/or cosmetic products are based not on scientific evidence, but on common sense, expert opinions, advertising, personal preferences of parents, pharmacists, dermatologists and/or pediatricians. For example, adsorbing properties of baby powders are insufficient, and after absorbing moisture, they actually turn to “urine compresses” that aggravate the epidermis injury. After swelling, the starch-containing powders represent an excellent growth media for pathogenic and opportunistic microflora. It is noted that only proper skin care for young children allows you to preserve its integrity and functional state. Special attention is paid to the preparations of the Bepanten® series in the form of cream and ointment, which meet all the criteria for topical products, and can be used for the prevention and treatment of skin diseases in young children, effectively protecting the skin from irritants, promoting its healing and recovery, having an anti-inflammatory effect, increasing its elasticity, elasticity and are recommended for use as a means of basic care. Their effectiveness has been repeatedly confirmed in the numerous domestic and foreign randomized controlled studies in new-born populations at different gestational ages, which provided the scientific justification for their common use in the ‘real-life’ practice of pediatricians, dermatologists and allergists.
Experience with the triple fixed combination in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Demko I. V. , Mamaeva M. G. , Sobko E. A. , Kraposhina A. Yu. , Gordeeva N. V.
Published: January 2022

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most important problems of modern medicine associated with a high mortality rate, high costs of treatment and relief of exacerbations of COPD. The main objectives of COPD treatment are symptom control, reduce the frequency of exacerbations and hospitalizations, and reduced risk of exacerbation in the future. The recommendations of the GOLD initiative propose a treatment approach based on the assessment of exacerbation rates external respiratory function indicators (spirometric classification of GOLD), the severity of symptoms assessed on the CAT test and mMRC. When choosing therapy, the physician must first of all take into account the effectiveness, safety of the drug, adherence to treatment in order to achieve the therapeutic goals of treating patients with COPD. The change in therapeutic approaches in COPD treatment is associated with the accumulation of knowledge in physiology, clinical pharmacology, and the isolation of new clinical phenotypes of COPD. Currently, the main classes of drugs for the treatment of COPD are long-acting beta-agonists (LABA), longacting anticholinergics (LAMA), and inhaled glucocorticosteroids (ICS). The evolution of therapeutic approaches in COPD treatment has led to the creation of new fixed inhalation combinations of the main groups of drugs for COPD treatment. The therapeutic strategies recommended by GOLD and the Russian Federal Guidelines determine the long-term goals of COPD treatment – the impact on the risk of exacerbations in the future. The presented clinical observation of a patient with severe COPD demonstrates the effectiveness of a triple fixed combination vilanterol/umeclidinium/fluticasone furoate 55/22/92 μg as a basic therapy. The  chosen treatment strategy not only reduces the  severity of  the  symptoms of  the  disease, but also reduces the  risk of exacerbations in the future.
Role of zoledronic acid in treatment of osteoporosis and prevention of fractures
Authors: Krivova A. V. , Zakharov V. P. , Sharov A. N.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. One of the causes of primary disability and high mortality, among patients with osteoporosis, are fractures that occur with minimal trauma, as a rule, it is a fall from the height of one’s own height. The final link in the chain of preventive measures to reduce the frequency of osteoporosis and fractures on its background is the introduction of pharmacological correction of bone deficiency into the practical activity of an orthopedic traumatologist. Currently, there are several drugs that can change the disturbed metabolism. For example, the use of zoledronic acid significantly reduces the risk of fractures.

Aim: to study the effect of zoledronic acid on bone mineral density in patients with osteoporosis complicated by a fracture of proximal end of the femur.

Materials and methods. In a prospective cohort study, 14 patients received zoledronic acid for 2 years.

Results. When comparing BMD L2-L4, it was revealed that a year after the start of treatment, its increase relative to the baseline value was 4.6%, but was statistically insignificant (0.86 ± 0.078 g/cm2 versus 0.90 ± 0.08 g/cm2, p > 0.05). After 2 years of treatment, the BMD of this segment increased, relative to the baseline values, by 12% and the differences became statistically significant (0.86 ± 0.078 g/cm2 compared to 0.97 ± 0.076 g/cm2, p < 0.05). The increase in BMD for the second year of treatment by 6% was statistically significantly different from the increase for the first year of treatment (0.90 ± 0.08 g/cm2 compared to 0.97 ± 0.076 g/cm2, p < 0.05).

A comparative analysis of the basic units of the IPC hip after 1 and 2 years of treatment did not reveal significant differences: 0.7075 ± 0.046 g/cm2 compared to 0.7079 ± 0.034 g/cm2 and 0.70751 ± 0.046 g/cm2 compared to 0.6630 ± 0.97 g/cm2, p > 0.05. In any case, for 2 years not marked new vertebral body fractures. Only one patient had a fracture of the radius in the distal third. The quality of life, after 2 years, significantly improved on the scale of “habitual daily activities” (p = 0.007), decreased indicators on the scale of “anxiety” and “depression” (p > 0.05).

Discussion. The study confirmed that even in the presence of pronounced bone loss, pharmacological correction of impaired remodeling reduces the risk of new fractures and improves the quality of life.

Conclusion. Pharmacotherapy with zoledronic acid, in our study, confirmed its effectiveness in the treatment of osteoporosis.
Efficiency of treatment of laryngopharyngeal reflux with proton pump inhibitors depending on the CYP2C19 polymorphism
Authors: Angotoeva I. B. , Denisenko N. P. , Sychev D. A. , Schepkina E. V. , Magomedova M. M.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. A treatment for LFR for many years, the superiority of PPIs over placebos is still controversial. Of particular clinical importance is the metabolic rate of PPIs in hepatocytes using the cytochrome P450 system with the participation of the isoenzyme CYP2C19 and partially CYP3A4

Аim. We set a goal to study the efficacy of omeprazole 20 mg in the treatment of LFR symptoms without esophageal syndrome in patients with gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), depending on the polymorphism of the CYP2C19 genotype.

Мaterials and мethods. After the exclusion criteria, 100 people took part in the study, 94 people completed the study.

Results. According to the results, 26.6% of patients in the study group (residents of the Moscow region) with LFR symptoms without esophageal syndrome belong to fast metabolizers of CYP2C19, 4.2% to ultrafast metabolizers, 52.1% to normal metabolizers, 16% to intermediate metabolizers and 1.1% to slow CYP2C19.

Conclusions. In patients with a rapid metabolism, within 1 month after discontinuation of omeprazole, it is necessary to increase the amount of omeprazole 20 mg intake up to 2 times a day in the morning and in the evening and reduce the duration of treatment to 6 weeks.
Correction of gastrocardial syndrome in patients with hernias of the esophageal orifice of the diaphragm during antireflux operations
Authors: Khorobrykh T. V. , Voevodina A. A. , Efremov D. A. , Korotkiy V. I. , Khusainova N. R. , Elifkhanova Кh. U. , Malyugina A. Ya. , Martynov I. A.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Hernia of the esophageal opening of the diaphragm in 90% of cases is the main cause of the development of reflux esophagitis. The doctrine highlighted a large group of extraesophageal manifestations of reflux esophagitis, including gastrocardiac syndrome.

Аim. The purpose of this publication is to evaluate the effectiveness of antireflux surgery in patients with hiatal hernia through the prism of its effectiveness in the dynamics of gastrocardial syndrome regression.

Material and мethods. The paper presents the results of diagnostics and surgical treatment of 101 patients with hiatal hernia.

Results. According to the data of instrumental research methods, cardiac hernias of the esophageal opening of the diaphragm were detected in 45 (44.5%) patients, cardiofundal in 40 (39.6%), subtotal in 15 (14.8%), total in 1 (0.9%). The main place in the clinical picture of gastrocardial syndrome was occupied by the pain syndrome behind the breastbone (83.1%). Thus, arrhythmias were found in 16 (40.0%) patients with cardiofundal, in 10 (66.6%) subtotal and in 1 (100.0%) total hiatal hernia, and angina pectoris is characteristic of cardiac hernias and was observed in 20 (44.4%) patients. The clinical manifestation of reflex angina pectoris and arrhythmias depended on the degree of shortening of the esophagus. Thus, arrhythmias were more common in patients with cardiofundal (50.0%), subtotal (71.4%), total (100.0%) hiatal hernia with II degree of shortening of the esophagus, and angina pectoris characteristic of cardiac (75.0%) hiatal hernia. with II degree of shortening of the esophagus. Reflex angina is typical for patients of the older age group, and manifestations of arrhythmia are recorded at a younger age. Heart rate variability was considered, according to electrocardiogram and Holter ECG monitoring before and after surgical treatment, where the parameters significantly (p> 0.05) decreased.

Conclusions. The phenomena of gastrocardial syndrome regressed after antireflux surgery in 44 (43.5%) patients. Surgical treatment from the endovideosurgical approach did not worsen the results of surgical treatment.
Evaluation of biomarkers in the studies of keloid tissue after laser therapy
Authors: Mezentsev A. V. , Karapetyan M. M. , Sobolev V. V. , Zhukova O. V. , Korsunskaya I. M.
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we discuss what biomarkers to choose if there is a need to describe the results of laser therapy targeting keloid skin. We elevate the known cytomarkers (Krt14, Lgals7, Krt5, Dcn, Lum, Igfbp5, Cd31, Vwf, Stambpl1, Uqcrb, Cd3 and Acta2), biomarkers of the inflammatory response (Cd45/Ptprc, Adgre1, Ly6g, Il1b, Il4, Il13, Il22, Cxcl2 и Ccl17), as well as the proteins of extracellular matrix (type I and III collagens; precursors of COL5A1 and COLA1A; FTL, COL3A1, PGLS, CNN2, ANXA2, TPSAB1, COL12A1, precursors of APCS and ALB), and their encoding genes (FGF7, BAX, CCND1, MMP3, MMP9, CXCL1, -2, -5, -6 and -12; IL8, S100A7 and IL1A), those expression and co-location may potentially change the appearance and internal structure of damaged skin. We also describe how to choose biomarkers using the results genomic studies and their limitations. Moreover, we provide examples of how different groups of gene and protein biomarkers are used in experimental biology and clinical practice. According to the previously published data, well-known biomarkers verified on animal models, depend on their biological effects, let to characterize structural changes and changes in the composition of cells represented at the site of damage before and after the treatment. In addition, the published experimental and clinical data provide an opportunity to analyze the efficiency of new experimental approaches and compare them to each other.
Clinical and immunological features of psoriasis vulgaris in HIV-infected patients
Authors: Evdokimov E. Yu. , Ponezheva Zh. B. , Svechnikova E. V. , Sundukov A. V.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Psoriasis is an inflammatory dermatosis, which has characteristic clinical features and is closely associated with immunological changes in the skin. HIV-infected patients suffering from psoriasis have immunological features associated with the effect of HIV virus on CD4+T-lymphocytes.

Aim. To identify clinical features of psoriasis in HIV-infected patients depending on the stage of HIV infection and immune status.

Materials and methods. An open prospective study (2014–2018) included 143 patients with psoriasis vulgaris, of which 79 (55.2%) were infected with HIV and 64 (44.8%) were not infected with HIV. The groups were comparable in terms of age and gender. The diagnosis of psoriasis vulgaris was established with due account for its clinical presentation and histologically confirmed in 29 (20.3%) patients, of which 17 (58.6%) were infected with HIV and 12 (41.4%) were not infected with HIV. In a biopsy, tissue samples were taken from the areas of inflammatory and healthy skin in each patient. Numbers of CD4+ and CD8+T-lymphocytes in the biopsy samples obtained were calculated using immunohistochemical staining of biopsy. The severity of psoriasis progress was assessed using the psoriasis lesions severity index, taking into account the body surface area covered by lesions, the intensity of erythema, infiltration and sloughing of skin. In the course of the study, the patients had general clinical examinations performed, their HIV infection confirmed or denied, their immune status assessed, and their clinical stage of HIV infection determined.

Results and discussion. Mild psoriasis was less often identified, and moderately severe and severe psoriasis was more often observed in HIV-infected patients as compared to HIV-negative patients. The psoriatic plaque CD8+T-lymphocyte counts in HIV-infected patients grew with increasing immunosuppression and clinical stage of HIV infection; these changes were not observed in HIV-negative patients.

Сonclusion. HIV-infected patients often have moderately severe (39.2%) and severe (22.8%) psoriasis vulgaris. The psoriatic plaque CD8+T-lymphocyte counts in HIV-infected patients predominate over the CD4+T-lymphocyte counts, while the HIV-negative patients show the opposite test results.
Practical importance of anti-predatory behavior research in keeping farm animals
Authors: JANICKA WIKTORIA , WILK IZABELA
Published: January 2022

The care and livestock management requires knowledge of the behavioral reactivity of the kept species. Domestic ungulates have evolved as prey, so their survival in the wild depended on early detection of a potential threat and then taking a quick response. There are numerous studies into antipredatory behavior concerning a wide range of animal taxa. They predominantly focus on conflict between innate and acquired predator recognition and the influence of various factors on the retain or gradual loss of defense mechanisms against predators. The authors of multiple studies suggest the practical use of research results in areas such as medicine, agriculture and conservancy. The promising effects of these experiments should encourage the research development in this field among farm animals. The aim of the article is to introduce the research findings of antipredatory behavior and to determine their implications in farm animals breeding.
Öğrenme Güçlüğü Olan Öğrencilere Alışveriş Problemleri Çözme Becerisinin Kazandırılması ve Günlük Yaşama Genellenmesi
Authors: YENİOĞLU Samed , SAYAR Kübra , GÜNER YILDIZ Nevin
Published: January 2022

Giriş: Günlük yaşamda matematik becerilerine sıklıkla gereksinim duyulmaktadır. Matematik, zamanı öğrenmede, alışveriş yapmada, çalışma hayatında, hatta çocukların oynadığı oyunlarda bile karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Matematiğin günlük yaşamdaki önemi temel matematik becerilerinin özel gereksinimi olanlar da dâhil olmak üzere tüm bireylere kazandırılmasını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Özellikle para kavramını ve paranın nasıl harcanacağını öğretmek öğrenme güçlüğü olan öğrencilerin başkalarına bağımlı olmadan yaşamlarını sürdürebilmeleri için oldukça önemlidir. Bu araştırmada, doğrudan öğretim yöntemi kullanılarak verilen eğitimin genel eğitim okullarındaki öğrenme güçlüğü olan öğrencilerin alışveriş yapmada kullanılan işlemlerden oluşan matematik problemlerini çözme becerisini kazanma ve bu beceriyi günlük yaşamda alışveriş yaparken kullanmaları üzerindeki etkililiği incelenmiştir.Yöntem: Bu araştırma, tek denekli araştırma modellerinden katılımcılar arası yoklama evreli çoklu yoklama modeline göre desenlenmiştir. Çalışmanın katılımcıları, Eskişehir’de devlet okullarında kaynaştırma/bütünleştirme yoluyla eğitime devam eden ve bir özel eğitim ve rehabilitasyon merkezinden destek eğitim alan 10-12 yaş aralığında üç erkek öğrenciden oluşmaktadır.Bulgular: Araştırmada katılımcılara doğrudan öğretim yöntemi ile alışveriş yaparken kullanılan işlemlerden oluşan matematik problemlerini çözme becerisi öğretilmiş ve katılımcıların öğrendikleri beceriyi bir markette alışveriş yaparken kullanma düzeyleri değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre katılımcı öğrenciler alışveriş yapmada kullanılan işlemleri içeren problemleri çözme becerisini kazanmış ve bu beceriyi market alışverişinde kullanarak günlük yaşamlarına genelleyebilmiştir.Tartışma: Araştırmanın bulguları, alanyazında yer alan ve özel gereksinimi olan öğrencilere matematik becerilerinin öğretimini inceleyen araştırmaların sonuçlarıyla tutarlıdır. Elde edilen sonuçlar benzer araştırmalarla karşılaştırılarak tartışılmıştır.
A state-of-the-Art review of heuristic and metaheuristic optimization techniques for the management of water resources
Authors: Kumar Vijendra , Yadav S. M.
Published: January 2022

Water resource management is a complex engineering problem, due to the stochastic nature of inflow, various demands and environmental flow downstream. With the increase in water consumption for domestic use and irrigation, it becomes more challenging. Many more difficulties, such as non-convex, nonlinear, multi-objective, and discontinuous functions, exist in real life. From the past two decades, heuristic and metaheuristic optimization techniques have played a significant role in managing and providing better performance solutions. The popularity of heuristic and metaheuristic optimization techniques has increased among researchers due to their numerous benefits and possibilities. Researchers are attempting to develop more accurate and efficient models by incorporating novel methods and hybridizing existing ones. This paper's main contribution is to show the state-of-the-art of heuristic and metaheuristic optimization techniques in water resource management. The research provides a comprehensive overview of the various techniques within the context of a thorough evaluation and discussion. As a result, for water resource management problems, this study introduces the most promising evolutionary and swarm intelligence techniques. Hybridization, modifications, and algorithm variants are reported to be the most successful for improving optimization techniques. This survey can be used to aid hydrologists and scientists in deciding the proper optimization techniques.
Feasibility of an environmentally friendly method of contaminant flushing in water distribution systems using containment ponds
Authors: Sheefa Darud E. , Barkdoll Brian D.
Published: January 2022

Water distribution system flushing is one way to get rid of contamination. In conventional flushing, all the contaminated water is discharged to the environment, thereby harming it. A new method is proposed here as an alternative solution, in which a containment pond lined with impermeable material will be constructed in a suitable place within the municipality. Network modelling was performed to investigate the feasibility of the new method. It was found that (1) the proposed flushing method can successfully reduce environmental impacts compared to hydrant flushing only, (2) a containment pond cannot clear the system periphery away from the containment pond, (3) the best location of a containment pond is not always at the furthest location from the source reservoir, and (4) for some systems, some pond locations might be better from an economic perspective, while other locations will be better environmentally.
Research on application of ReliefF and improved RVM in water quality grade evaluation
Authors: Gong Yu-Lin , Hu Ming-Jia , Yang Hui-Fang , Han Bo
Published: January 2022

ReliefF algorithm was used to analyze the weight of each water quality evaluation factor, and then based on the Relevance Vector Machine (RVM), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) was used to optimize the kernel width factor and hyperparameters of RVM to build a water quality evaluation model, and the experimental results of RVM, PSO-RVM, ReliefF-RVM and PSO-ReliefF-RVM were compared. The results show that ReliefF algorithm, combined with threshold value, selects 5 evaluation factors with significant weight from eight evaluation factors, which reduces the amount of data used in the model, CSI index is used to calculate the separability of each evaluation factor combination. The results show that the overall separability of the combination is best when the evaluation factor with significant weight is reserved. When different water quality evaluation factors were included, the evaluation accuracy of PSO-ReliefF-RVM model reached 95.74%, 14.23% higher than that of RVM model, which verified the effectiveness of PSO algorithm and ReliefF algorithm, and had a higher guiding significance for the study of water quality grade evaluation. It has good practical application value.
Characterizing dissolved organic matter in Taihu Lake with PARAFAC and SOM method
Authors: Zhang W. , Li T. , Dong B.
Published: January 2022

The three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum has a significantly greater amount of information than the single-stage scanning fluorescence spectrum. At the same time, the parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis and neural network method can help explore the fluorescence characteristics further, thus could be used to analyse multiple sets of three-dimensional matrix data. In this study, the PARAFAC analysis and the self-organizing mapping (SOM) neural network method are firstly introduced comprehensively. They are then adopted to extract information of the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum data set for fluorescence characteristics analysis of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in Taihu Lake water. Forty water samples with DOM species were taken from different seasons with the fluorescence information obtained through three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum analysis, PARAFAC analysis and SOM analysis. The PARAFAC analysis results indicated that the main fluorescence components of dissolved organic matter in Taihu Lake water were aromatic proteins, fulvic acids, and dissolved microorganisms. The SOM analysis results showed that the fluorescence characteristics of the dissolved organics in Taihu Lake varied seasonally. Therefore, the combined method of three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum analysis, PARAFAC and SOM analysis can provide important information for characterization of the fluorescence properties of dissolved organic matter in surface water bodies.
EFECTO DE LA CORRIENTE EN CHORRO DE BAJOS NIVELES EN LA OCURRENCIA DE PRECIPITACIÓN EN LA SELVA DEL PERÚ
Authors: Coello Fababa Jose Carlos , Calle Montes Victoria
Published: January 2022

Se analizó la corriente en chorro de América del Sur (SALLJ, siglas en inglés) y la ocurrencia de precipitación sobre la selva del Perú, tomando en cuenta los datos del modelo atmosférico Global Forecast System (GFS) y datos de precipitación acumulada estimado por el satélite Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) en los veranos australes comprendidos entre los años 2005 y 2014. Se utilizó la distribución de Weibull para el análisis estadístico del viento meridional del norte y el test estadístico no paramétrico de correlación de Kendall para asociar los eventos SALLJ definidos por los criterios de Whiteman et al. (1997) y Bonner (1968). Los resultados revelan que el comportamiento promedio de la componente meridional del viento fluctúa entre 1.2 y 11.7 m/s con variaciones de +/- 3.2 m/s, registrando un viento máximo de 21.4 m/s. De un total de 39 casos, el 53.8% se identificó con las condiciones propuestas por Whiteman y un 46.2% con las condiciones de Bonner. Se registró una precipitación máxima de 64.00 mm/día y mayor número de días con precipitaciones asociadas a eventos SALLJ para las 00 UTC.
CARACTERIZACIÓN FÍSICO-QUÍMICA DE LOS SEDIMENTOS DEL HUMEDAL LAGUNA BELLA EN LA SELVA DE HUÁNUCO, PERÚ
Authors: Zavaleta De la Cruz Lauriano , Ñique Alvarez Manuel , Lévano Crisóstomo José
Published: January 2022

Las lagunas en la Amazonia están siendo impactadas por las actividades agrícolas y la información sobre sus sedimentos es escasa; por lo que el objetivo del estudio fue determinar las características físico-químicas de los sedimentos del humedal Laguna Bella, lo que contribuirá al conocimiento de su calidad ambiental. Así, mediante técnicas estandarizadas se analizaron los sedimentos colectados en seis puntos de muestreo. Los resultados muestran los valores de la densidad, conductividad, pH, materia orgánica, N, P, Pb, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn y K, los que se compararon con cinco normas internacionales. Considerando la norma Ontario, la materia orgánica es menor al Nivel de efecto severo, N está entre el Nivel de efecto más bajo y severo, mientras que P es inferior a la concentración de Nivel de efecto más bajo; Pb está a un nivel moderadamente contaminado, según la norma USEPA, pero supera a la norma NOAA. El Cu superó el nivel máximo permisible de la norma NOAA; Fe supera el nivel máximo permisible por las normas USEPA, Ontario y NOAA; Mn supera el nivel máximo permisible de las normas NOAA y Zn supera la norma NOAA. Se concluye que, la densidad de los sedimentos es uniforme, el pH ligeramente alcalino, la salinidad es despreciable y la concentración de metales como el Fe > Mn > Zn > Pb > Cu, superan la normatividad internacional e indica el deterioro de la calidad ambiental del humedal.
Fundamentos filosóficos, ideológicos en la Política Educativa
Authors: Buendia Molina Marilyn Aurora , Ríos Ríos Elva María , Salazar Villar Angela Patricia , Allcca Sovero Rosario Milagros
Published: January 2022

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo describir y analizar los fundamentos filosóficos e ideológicos en la Política educativa, a partir de fuentes primarias de artículos publicados entre el 2016 al 2021. Se utilizó una metodología de enfoque cualitativo y diseño de investigación de teoría fundamentada tomando proposiciones teóricas de investigaciones. El método utilizado fue de revisión sistemática de tipo documental, crítico-creativo y hermenéutico, la unidad de análisis fueron estudios originales primarios, los cuales permitieron sintetizar información disponible con respecto a los fundamentos filosóficos e ideológicos en la política educativa. Como resultante mostramos diferentes interpretaciones los cuáles permitieron formular propuestas para el mejoramiento de las políticas educativas desde la filosofía e ideología educativa. Se concluye que tanto la filosofía como la ideología son pilares imprescindibles para el desarrollo de la política educativa de cualquier país, son la herramienta que tienen los gobiernos para involucrarse en la forma en el cual se producen y distribuyen los conocimientos en una sociedad
Estudio etnolingüístico de los indigenismos de Huarochirí. Léxico inédito en el a’karu de Julio C. Tello
Authors: Escobar Zapata Emérita
Published: January 2022

El principal propósito de la presente investigación es analizar, desde la perspectiva etnolingüística y la lingüística cultural, voces léxicas que son parte del vocabulario a’karu de Julio C. Tello ([1908] (1926) 1940), quien las categoriza como indígenismos de Huarochirí. Estas unidades léxicas son verbos y sustantivos provenientes de las lenguas andinas jacaru, aimara o quechua, predominantemente, adaptadas a las normas ortográficas y patrones fonológicos y morfológicos del castellano. Por ejemplo, “Chipar. f. 993r. |chhipar| Envolver. < jacaru chipa. Envoltura de cuero de vaca con muchos agujeros y lazos o sogas delgadas que sirven para transportar los quesos que se acomodan en ellos con las hojas de Gynerium”.
LENGUAS EN CONTACTO EN LA SIERRA NORTE DEL PERÚ. UNA PERSPECTIVA COGNITIVA EN LA DIALECTOLOGÍA DEL CASTELLANO
Authors: Escobar Zapata Emérita
Published: January 2022

En la presente investigación, nuestro propósito central es, a la luz de los su- puestos teóricos de la lingüística cognitiva y la pragmática, abordar el estudio de los procesos y fenómenos dialectológicos y sociolingüísticos en el castella- no andino de la sierra norte del Perú, específicamente, en los distritos de Lu- chubamba y Condebamba, provincia de Cajabamba, departamento de Caja- marca. Analizaremos casos como: “antes en mi joventud, saludábamos  [de voce]  (en voz alta), [ de donde vase]  (¿a donde vas?), [cuándo vas a volvere]  (cuando vas a volver), asimismo, nos interesa identificar los factores que participan en su producción.
EL REPERTORIO LÉXICO–SEMÁNTICO DE LA PRENSA AMARILLA EN LIMA METROPOLITANA
Authors: Loayza Maturrano Edward Faustino
Published: January 2022

Esta investigación trata del análisis léxico-semántico del lenguaje de la prensa ama- rilla escrita en Lima Metropolitana. Su propósito es poner en práctica un análisis lexical y semántico de la fraseología que se emplea en estos medios de comunica- ción masiva, específicamente en la prensa escrita amarillista en la ciudad de Lima. A su vez, este estudio permite conocer la lengua en uso en el Perú, puesto que los diarios son la síntesis de la idiosincrasia limeña.Es una investigación descriptiva dentro de la teoría de la lingüística estructural, en la que se estudian qué factores influyen en la determinación del repertorio de la prensa amarillista, cuáles son sus características; así como los mecanismos de innovación léxica subestándar más frecuentes. Al propio tiempo, se desarrolla el análisis lexicológico y semántico respectivo, empleando las variables propias del nivel lingüístico aplicadas a las diferentes variaciones léxico-semánticas del len- guaje de la prensa amarilla.
VISIÓN ANDINA Y CHOLA DEL AGUA
Authors: Alfaro Moreno Julio César
Published: January 2022

El agua ha marcado la historia peruana y de gran parte de Latinoamérica, con ella se construyeron grandes culturas, que llamamos hidráulicas, y a través de los siglos se logró establecer una cultura andina del agua. Actualmente este bien es cada vez más escaso, por el histórico mal trato de nuestros recursos naturales y de las culturas originarias que los cuidaban y así también por el cambio climático. Y ahora tiene que abastecer tanto a los mismos andinos como a los campos y a las ciudades de la costa, por tanto, su cuidado representa un reto histórico de primera importancia. Para los andinos el agua es percibida como un ser vivo y divino que merece ser compensada por la intervención de los dioses y los mismos habitantes andinos. Así también, el agua es concebida como un ser articulador del universo y de los seres humanos, teniendo también dos lados, el que se construye a través de la agricultura y la ganadería y de los mismos seres humanos que viven del agua y el otro lado, el destructivo que produce huaicos y demás desastres como la helada o la sequía. El carácter constructivo del agua solo se puede solucionar en comunidad, en armonía, con un sentido de reciprocidad y equidad, solo la unión permitirá fortalecer el lado bueno y retar al malo para que no ocurran los desastres y si fuese así, evitar mayores daños. Para que esta actitud de la comunidad sea la adecuada se requiere actuar, como la misma agua, con flexibilidad, fluidez y rapi- dez, como la veía Arguedas en su novela: Los ríos profundos.
LOS RITUALES PARA SUPERAR CONFLICTOS EN LOS ECOSISTEMAS CAMPESINOS
Authors: Varas Castrillo María Nilda , Williams León de Castro Martha Leonor
Published: January 2022

En este estudio, se busca describir y analizar respuestas campesinas frente a la ruptura en el equilibrio de sus ecosistemas productivos. Una ratada irrumpió en la Comunidad de Jesús de Ayaviri en la serranía de Lima, Perú, en el ve- rano de 1994 y para contrarrestarla, se celebró un ritual religioso. Mediante técnicas de investigación cualitativa, como la observación participante y en- trevistas exhaustivas, se investigó el hecho y se analizaron los datos por medio del método comparativo. De esta manera, se ha podido dejar en claro cómo en la actualidad, en las comunidades andinas, se articulan de múltiples mane- ras formas de comunicación, de memoria, de construcción de conocimiento o de expresión de sentimientos y afectos, frente a eventos estocásticos del ambiente.
La muerte del condenado
Authors: Rojas Zolezzi Martha
Published: January 2022

A partir de la mitología en torno al "Condenado", la autora efectúa una comparación entre los rituales funerarios de las personas, "Los vivos" y su destino final, con el fallecimiento y destino final de este personaje que a partir de entonces puede dejar de errar y pierde contacto con el mundo de los vivos.
Importancia de la estructura cognitiva en el aprendizaje significativo
Authors: Valdez Delgado Silvia Lucía
Published: January 2022

El cambio de paradigma de la evaluación de la inteligencia a la evaluación de la competencia, ha propendido a ir estableciendo un diseño curricular centrado en el sujeto que esta aprendiendo, cuyo substrato es el pensamiento sistémico y la planificación estratégica.En este contexto histórico de transformaciones globales de la educación, el modelo educativo pretende ser de tipo personalizado tomando en cuenta el desarrollo individual logrado por los estudiantes en función de establecer y satisfacer las demandas del perfil de egreso de cada una de las carreras que se dictan en la universidad.De acuerdo con lo expuesto se hace evidente entonces la pertinencia de analizar  las implicancias que en este ámbito  tiene la estructuración de las Mallas Curriculares, las cuales deberían ser coincidentes con la aplicación de las teorías cognitivas de Ausubel,quien postula que el aprendizaje se se vuelve significativo para el individuo a medida que la nueva información se puede incorporar a una estructura jerártquica preexistente en él, y con las de Vigotsky, quien explica que se debe llevar al estudiante desde su Zona de Dearrollo Actual (ZDA) a la Zona de Desarrollo Potencial (ZDP) en el proceso de aprendizaje de los modos culturales de actividad y así lograr una metacognición.
Effect of Waste Clay Brick Powder on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cement Paste
Authors: Sinkhonde David , Onchiri Richard Ocharo , Oyawa Walter Odhiambo , Mwero John Nyiro
Published: January 2022

Background:

Investigations on the use of waste clay brick powder in concrete have been extensively conducted, but the analysis of waste clay brick powder effects on cement paste is limited.

Materials and Methods:

This paper discusses the effects of waste clay brick powder on cement paste. Fragmented clay bricks were grounded in the laboratory using a ball mill and incorporated into cementitious mixes as partial replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement. Workability, consistency, setting time, density and compressive strength properties of paste mixes were investigated to better understand the impact of waste clay brick powder on the cementitious paste. Four cement replacement levels of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% were evaluated in comparison with the control paste. The chemical and mineral compositions were evaluated using X-Ray Fluorescence and X-Ray Diffractometer, respectively. The morphology of cement and waste clay brick powder was examined using a scanning electron microscope.

Results:

The investigation of workability exhibited a reduction of slump attributed to the significant addition of waste clay brick powder into the cementitious mixes, and it was concluded that waste clay brick powder did not significantly influence the density of the mixes. In comparison with the control paste, increased values of consistency and setting time of cement paste containing waste clay brick powder confirmed the information available in the literature.

Conclusion:

Although waste clay brick powder decreased the compressive strength of cement paste, 5% partial cement replacement with waste clay brick powder was established as an optimum percentage for specimens containing waste clay brick powder following curing periods of 7 and 28 days. Findings of chemical composition, mineral composition and scanning electron microscopy of waste clay brick powder demonstrated that when finely ground, fragmented clay bricks can be used in concrete as a pozzolanic material.
Applications of Finite Element in Implant Dentistry and Oral Rehabilitation
Authors: Dam Van V. , Trinh Hai A. , Dung Dao T. , Hai Trinh D.
Published: January 2022

Finite element is widely applied in dentistry to study the stress distributions on adjoining bone, the biomechanics of dental implant and bone; implant and bone interface and study its fatigue behaviors of the implant. This article presents various applications of finite element in implant dentistry. Available articles were searched and reviewed from March 1980 till September 2020 from Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science direct. Relevant studies were included and critically analyzed. Finite element is an important tool in implant dentistry to study the stress distributions on adjoining bone, the biomechanics of dental implant and bone; implant and bone interface, and fatigue behaviors.
Development and Evaluation of Herbal Hair Serum: A traditional way to Improve Hair Quality
Authors: Tiwari Ruchi , Tiwari Gaurav , Yadav Ajeet , Ramachandran Vadivelan
Published: January 2022

Background:

In the mammalian system, the hair follicle is known to be the most significant organ that determines appearance, gender distinction, provides intense temperature protection, and plays a role in self-defense. The younger generations have begun to suffer from extreme hair loss problems due to many lifestyle-related changes such as fatigue, anxiety, intake of junk foods, use of different hairstyling/coloring methods, etc. The loss of hair is not temporary in most cases, but it results in alopecia. Many people suffering from hair loss are in search of multiple treatments due to extreme anxiety and tension, from mythology to traditional and therapeutic healing to the use of minoxidil and finasteride. To improve hair growth and to prevent hair loss, hair root activation is required.

Objective:

The present study was intended to use different herbs to formulate herbal hair serum for general purposes (hair application).

Methods:

Crude herbs are obtained from nearby regions. In order to obtain the extract, the required part of herbs, such as Citrus sinensis peel, Zingiber officinale roots, and Linum usitatissimum seeds, Nigella sativa, and Trigonella foenum-graecum were specifically weighed and dispensed in water, boiled, allowed to cool, and then filtered. To the filtrate, castor oil and vitamin E were added. The formulated herbal hair serum was tested, and different criteria were determined and recorded in this text, such as physical appearance, viscosity, pH, homogeneity, eye sensitivity (Draize eye test), hair growth activity, hair weight, stability test, etc.

Results:

Prepared herbal hair serum was found to be pale brown in color with pseudoplastic behavior. The texture of the formulation was smooth and lubricative, and the pH was within the acceptable limit. Herbal hair serum revealed good hair growth as well as hair weight after application with minor sensitivity for the first time. The formulation was found to be stable for seven days.

Conclusion:

Herbal cosmetics are still commonly used by average citizens because of fewer side effects and greater protection and safety profile. Current research has revealed that herbal formulations are effective in enhancing hair consistency.
On Wittgenstein Hinge Epistemology: Coliva’s Framework Reading
Authors: Henriques Ricardo N.
Published: January 2022

The goal of this paper is to present the main arguments of Annalisa Coliva’s hinge epistemology. There are several readings of Wittgenstein’s metaphor of ‘hinges’. In this paper I will explore one of them (the framework reading developed by Annalisa Coliva) and present its main arguments. I will start by contextualizing the debate of hinge epistemology within Wittgenstein’s reflections on On Certainty. From there I will present Coliva’s arguments and her defence of the framework reading. This paper is supposed to be an introductory part of a wider discussion I will develop in my PhD thesis. I will try to argue that one should follow Coliva’s reading and understand Wittgenstein’s remarks about hinges as remarks about their role as normative rules.
Agência nas margens: revisitar o conceito de injustiça hermenêutica
Authors: Lobo Camila
Published: January 2022

Miranda Fricker’s account of what is involved in cases of hermeneutical injustice has been the object of a prominent strand of criticism charging her of neglecting alternative hermeneutical resources developed by non-dominant groups. In this article, I argue that the critique might be extended to consider cases in which, although alternative hermeneutical resources are not in place, marginalized subjects can still be said to resist dominant interpretations of their experiences. I briefly suggest that Fricker’s failure to account for marginalized subjects’ agency can be traced back to her attribution of hermeneutical injustice to a matter of prejudice and to her reliance on a neutral account of reason, which ought to be rejected by liberatory philosophical projects.
seguridad de la información de las microempresas en el Ecuador
Authors: Jurado Pruna Francisco , Escobar Redín Erika , Carrión Jumbo Joe
Published: January 2022

La información y su gestión son de gran importancia dentro de las diversas actividades que se desarrollan en las organizaciones empresariales, esto se ha evidenciado en gran parte por el crecimiento de estas en lo referente a la presencia en el mercado, pero también por el crecimiento en los ataques y amenazas a la información en todo tipo de organizaciones, dentro de las cuales se encuentran las microempresas. El presente trabajo presenta los resultados de la encuesta realizada que abarca al sector microempresarial del Ecuador, con el objetivo de evidenciar la brecha que existe en este tipo de organizaciones en lo referente a la gestión y protección de la información, lo que permite a una empresa tener bases sólidas para dar continuación futura a su negocio asegurando el éxito a corto y largo plazo, con el empleo de buenas prácticas establecidas por las normas existentes, para ello se empleó la metodología de investigación del tipo descriptiva, utilizando como técnica para recolectar datos la encuesta, esta se realizó a un número determinado de esta clase de organizaciones empresariales buscando representatividad de las microempresas cuyas características y campo de acción incluyen el manejo y empleo de tecnología.
Soberanía alimentaria desde la política pública y sus argumentos
Authors: Pozo Estupiñán César , Sorhegui Ortega Rafael , Márquez-Sánchez Fidel , Vergara Romero Arnaldo
Published: January 2022

La inseguridad alimentaria cómo problemática para el desarrollo económico se analiza desde varias perspectivas, que se engloban y profundizan en un concepto como la “Soberanía Alimentaria” que toma fuerza por las decisiones políticas de cada país. Estas decisiones políticas se reflejan en las políticas públicas orientadas a la alimentación, desde una perspectiva de disponibilidad de alimentos, producción agroecológica y estabilidad de precios. El objetivo de la presente investigación es profundizar los argumentos de la Soberanía Alimentaria desde las políticas públicas implementadas en el territorio ecuatoriano. Los avances sobre la Soberanía Alimentaria en Ecuador son de nivel local, donde se muestra la persistencia del desarrollo local o territorial como respuesta a los problemas socioeconómicos que incluyen a la inseguridad alimentaria. Es un reto desde la planificación e implementación a nivel gobierno replicar estas políticas a escala nacional y gestionar de una manera más eficiente el derecho constitucional ecuatoriano de la Soberanía Alimentaria.
Proteccionismo en Ecuador: caso industria de ensamblaje de celulares
Authors: Sotomayor Pazmiño Angel , Sandoval Valle Roberto , Cedeño Cabrera José
Published: January 2022

Establecer políticas de protección o apertura para industrias ha sido un debate constante en el mainstream del pensamiento económico, sin embargo, el libre aperturismo se ha posicionado como artífice del desarrollo económico global a pesar de estudios económicos que presentan evidencia contraria. El fin de este trabajo no es seguir en el círculo vicioso de discutir si es mejor el proteccionismo o aperturismo, indudablemente tanto las estrategias de protección y liberalización han sido necesarias para el desarrollo por lo tanto las preguntas claves a cuestionar son: ¿A quién le funciona qué? y en un contexto en el que las economías del mundo buscan recuperarse después del embate sufrido a causa del Covid19 ¿En qué momento se deben aplicar políticas industriales de protección o liberalización? Por lo tanto, se presenta un trabajo descriptivo que genere un contraste entre lo que se dice y lo que ha sucedido respecto de los procesos de industrialización poniendo como sujeto de estudio a la industria de celulares en el país. Con esto se espera generar insumos sobre las opciones que tienen los países para recuperar e impulsar su desarrollo en un escenario post-covid.
De la presencialidad a la virtualidad. El caso de la Universidad de Guayaquil
Authors: Bustamante Chán Monserratt , Passailaigue Baquerizo Roberto , Silva Gómez María Isabel
Published: January 2022

Durante marzo de 2020, el mundo se paralizó frente a la declaración de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) frente al nuevo Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Los sistemas de Educación a nivel global enfrentaban un confinamiento masivo. En Latinoamérica, el fenómeno era igual, sólo el 80% de las Universidades utilizaban plataformas tecnológicas. El enfoque mixto aplicado en este estudio permitió desarrollar exitosamente el “Proyecto para la creación del Campus Virtual-UG”. La administración del periodo 2020, inició la planificación y ejecución del Campus Virtual más grande del país. El resultado marcó un hito histórico, un total de 61.158 estudiantes pudieron continuar sus estudios en 1.518 ambientes de aprendizaje virtuales y 6.390 paralelos los cuales contaban con 2.510 docentes capacitados en entornos de construcción tecno pedagógica y manejo de plataformas virtuales de aprendizaje. La pandemia no paró a la academia, más bien la reinventó. Este es el caso de estudio de la Universidad de Guayaquil, la más grande del país, que contra viento y marea abrió sus puertas virtuales para garantizar el derecho de sus estudiantes que se encontraban ubicados en todo el país.