bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Short Term Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Responses to Exercise in Young Adults
Authors: Khalid Ambreen , Shahid Adeela , Aitazaz Farhat
Published: August 2021

Background: Impaired cardiovascular and respiratory functions are associated with increased mortality andmorbidity. Exploration of the relation between physical activity and cardiovascular and respiratory functions canhelp in understanding the mechanisms of how physical activity improves a person’s quality of life.
Objectives: To investigate the post exercise cardio-respiratory response of normal healthy adults and to determine ifthere are gender differences in the post exercise cardio-respiratory response.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1st and 2nd year MBBS students of Shalamar Medical andDental College in the department of Physiology. Measurement of Pulmonary functions and recording of ECG wasdone by using Power LAB before and after exercise. Statistical analysis was done on SPSS version 21, student t-testwas applied and p- value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The respiratory rate, respiratory minute volume and tidal volume increased while oxygen saturationdecreased significantly after exercise. Heart rate increased significantly in post exercise period. The pre exercisesystolic and diastolic blood pressure increased significantly after exercise. There was a significant post exerciseincrement in diastolic pressure in males than in females. QT was significantly decreased in post-exercise period infemale subjects.
Conclusion: The respiratory parameters changed significantly after exercise. Heart rate and blood pressureincreased significantly both in male and female subjects. QT interval decreased significantly only in females;however, changes in PR interval and QRS complex were not significant.
Yet another acronym - Technology-enhanced Academic Language Support (TALS)
Authors: Smith John
Published: August 2021

Since the earliest adoption of educational technologies, teachers and researchers have been exploring its efficacy on language learning and development. The speed with which these technologies are now infiltrating academic student support will continue to increase, and so the need for good guidance in this space will likewise increase. Currently in academic language and learning support, however, the digital space while prevalent and expanding is both poorly defined and the literature widely dispersed. It is argued here that a single term of reference, such as TALS, could provide a centralised meeting point where research and experiences from the field can be more readily and conveniently shared.
An important, but neglected aspect of learning assistance in higher education: Exploring the digital learning capacity of academic language and learning practitioners
Authors: Podorova Anna , Irvine Sarah , Kilmister Michael , Hewison Richard , Janssen Amanda , Speziali Alejandra , Balavijendran Logan , Kek Megan , McAlinden Maggie
Published: August 2021

Digital literacy has become increasingly significant in tertiary environments, as institutions move towards preparing students for 21st century workplaces and careers that emphasise digital literacy. As such, Academic Language and Learning (ALL) practitioners within these institutions are under pressure to possess familiarity and skills in the digital education space. Despite this need, there is a shortage of evidence that identifies the competencies or gaps in the current knowledge that ALL advisors have in Australian tertiary institutions; there is also a lack of awareness about how to address the gaps in knowledge for technology-enhanced learning and academic support. In light of this lacuna, in late 2018, the Association for Academic Learning and Language (AALL), the professional body for Academic Language and Learning practitioners, established a working group to investigate the knowledge and gaps in digital literacy in the ALL profession. The authors of this paper are all members of this working group and aim to explore the state of digital learning in their field. The long-term aim of the working party is to develop research-led resources and strategies to assist in the professionalisation and upskilling of ALL staff in technology-enhanced academic language development and support. This paper reports on the preliminary findings of a mixed-method participatory action research study of ALL practitioners’ preferences, competencies and confidence in the digital learning space. It is hoped that this study will provide members within the AALL professional body, as well as tertiary educators generally, with strategies required to identify, develop and maintain effective digital literacies across the higher education sector.
An Investigation of Students’ Learning Achievement and Perception using Flipped Classroom in an Introductory Programming course: A Case Study of Thailand Higher Education
Authors: Pattanaphanchai Jarutas
Published: August 2021

Computer programming is a difficult subject for most novice programming students which leads to a high rate of dropout or failure. Flipped classrooms have been increasingly used to teach programming students to practice their programming skills in the class based on their knowledge acquired from outside the classroom. This study investigated students’ learning achievement which was measured by their performance on a coding test and an exam. We compared students’ programming test scores of the traditional classroom in semester 1 of the academic year 2016 with the flipped classroom in semester 1 in 2017. In addition, we studied students’ perception of flipped classrooms in a structured programming course. The population of this study consisted of 69 second-year students of the Information and Communication Technology programme in the Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand. The research instrument for investigating students’ perception of flipped classrooms was a questionnaire. Students were positive in their perception of flipped classrooms and agreed that in-class activities improved their understanding of concepts. Moreover, students in the flipped classroom environment had a significantly higher test score compared to students in a traditional lecture class.
Guiding students to success: A systematic review of research on guided notes as an instructional strategy from 2009-2019
Authors: Biggers Bryan , Luo Tian
Published: August 2021

Guided notes were introduced decades ago, but there is still debate over their efficacy in improving student outcomes. The purpose of this study is to examine peer-reviewed research on guided notes for adult learners in general populations since 2009, understanding the effects of guided notes on student learning, the knowledge and content areas supported by guided notes, and the impact of modality. Results of the 22 included studies indicate that students perceive guided notes in a positive light, and guided notes improve results in certain knowledge domains especially with complex content. However, modality does not influence the efficacy of guided notes. Implications for practice in teaching and learning and recommendations for research were provided.
Facilitation strategies for enhancing the learning and engagement of online students
Authors: Muir Tracey , Douglas Tracy , Trimble Allison
Published: August 2021

The opening up of online education in the Australian tertiary sector has made higher education accessible for a wide range of students, including those living in rural and regional areas. While student numbers continue to grow as a result of this opportunity, there are increasing concerns regarding low student retention and progression rates for online students in comparison with on-campus students. Reasons for this vary, however, online students report a sense of isolation and disconnection with their studies highlighting the need for educators to utilise effective facilitation to enhance student connections to an online community. In this paper, we investigated facilitation strategies using two case studies. This illustrated how two online instructors used design-based research to evaluate the impact of facilitation strategies on instructor presence, instructor connection, engagement and learning in maths education and human biology subjects. Findings indicate that focusing on social, managerial and technical facilitation strategies resulted in an increased instructor presence and active involvement, which in turn were influential in motivating students to engage with learning online. The findings have implications for higher education providers and instructors who are tasked with engaging online students. This identifies the importance of targeted online facilitation to enhance learner-instructor and learner-content engagement.
Work-integrated Learning and Skill Development in a Master of Public Health Program: Graduate Perspectives
Authors: Durham Sue , Jordan Helen , Naccarella Lucio , Russell Melissa
Published: August 2021

It is increasingly understood that work-integrated learning (WIL) opportunities are critical in providing graduating students with employability skills which allow them to gain employment and effectively operate in work environments. This is particularly relevant within degrees such as public health that cut across very diverse fields of practice. Little research has previously investigated student perceptions post-graduation of skill development within public health degrees. This investigation aimed to identify the range of skills gained within a Master of Public Health (MPH) degree which graduates felt assisted them to obtain employment, and to determine the teaching and learning approaches that contributed to the development of these skills. Graduates responding to a questionnaire self-reported that they had good levels of both technical and employability skills especially in the domains: Informed Decision Making, Professional Practice and Standards, Lifelong Learning and Collaboration. Students agreed that there were frequent opportunities for applied learning and enablers to employment within their degree. However, graduates indicated that the employability domain: Commencement Readiness and confidence at point of graduation, could be strengthened. The implications of this research for the development of non-placement WIL experiences, capstone subjects, the overall curriculum and broader university student experience are discussed.
Developing anatomy demonstrators of the future: The role of team-teaching
Authors: Hughes Diane , Whitburn Laura , Colasante Meg , McDonald Aaron , McGowan Heath , Zacharias Anita , Green Rodney
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Recent decades have seen cadaveric anatomy teaching decline and shift from traditionally team-taught practicals in large dissection laboratories to sole-taught classes in smaller laboratories. Such changes may alter teaching quality due to loss of peer teacher interactions in class. The current study aimed to compare experiences of team-taught versus sole-taught practicals in the same course across two campuses. This paper presents on the staff experiences. The study utilised educational design research methodology for an iterative approach to solving the problem of optimising cadaveric-based teaching. Classes at the metropolitan campus were team-taught (lead demonstrator, clinical demonstrator and near-peer demonstrator, n=18) and sole-taught at the regional, smaller campus (lead demonstrator only, n=5). Demonstrators completed an anonymous online survey that explored their teaching experiences and thematic analysis of survey data was conducted. Benefits of team-teaching were captured under the themes learn-observe-support, more time with students and catering for student differences. While most team-teaching staff reported no challenges, some noted the need for time to establish effective team dynamics. Sole-teaching staff reported the benefit of consistency in teaching but challenges in providing adequate support to all students. While sole-teaching facilitates consistency in teaching, team-teaching enables staff to develop teaching expertise and anatomical knowledge from interactions with a range of demonstrators during practicals. Team-teaching facilitates knowledge transfer between staff, and this holds important workforce implications for developing anatomy teachers of the future.
Improving postgraduate students' scientific literacy and self-efficacy using international collaborative research workshops: an exploratory case study in a Chinese university
Authors: Zhang Qing , Wang Jingmin , Ji Ruihong , Huang Tairan
Published: August 2021

Postgraduate education in China bears the dual mission of "high-end talent supply" and "scientific and technological innovation" as delegated by the Ministry of Education of China (2017). Improve the quality of postgraduate student training and management is essential for Chinese universities to meet this requirement. This paper investigates the practical effectiveness of using a specially designed, internationally collaborative research training workshop to enhance new Chinese postgraduate students' scientific literacy and self-efficacy.
The research results show that the workshop, which integrates seminar presentations and both individual and group-based student activities, is of practical significance for improving the experiences of first-year postgraduate students. The findings indicate the application of enactive mastery and vicarious learning strategies in research training workshop effectively boost students' motivation, confidence and feeling of accomplishment at their early research career, and can provide ongoing benefits to support Chinese students to further develop research skills and capabilities. The positive findings in this exploratory study can inform future research projects to examine the transferability of this research training workshop model in the broader Chinese higher education context.
TLABs: A Teaching and Learning Community of Practice – What is it, Does It Work and Tips for Doing One of Your Own
Authors: Beatty Shelley , Clark Kim , Lines Jo , Doherty Sally-Anne
Published: August 2021

Communities of Practice are an increasingly common tool used to support novice academics in higher education settings. Initiated in 2015 at a Western Australian University, TLABs is an acronym for ‘Teaching and Learning for Level A and B’ academic staff and was designed to build a community of practice to mentor junior academics; help them develop their teaching skills; and enhance academic careers. The paper describes the nature of TLABs; how it is experienced from the perspective of participants and provides recommendations for implementing a successful teaching and learning community of practice in a higher education setting.
Curiosity Counts
Authors: Duckworth Angela ,   Character Lab
Published: August 2021

Exactly 140 years ago today, The New York Graphic ran a story about Thomas Edison with this headline: “Edison Invents a Machine That Will Feed the Human Race.”

Did he? Did Thomas Edison invent such a device?

You might pause to consider the possibility.

After all, Thomas Edison is arguably the most prolific inventor in history. He invented the phonograph, the first reliable electric light bulb, the first practical storage battery, and the first operable electrical plant. Without Edison, we wouldn't have motion pictures: It was Edison who figured out how to present photographs in quick succession by perforating specially designed celluloid film and moving the images with sprockets behind a shutter. And he had a thousand more inventions—with the patents to prove it.

Edison is celebrated for his grit. “The trouble with other inventors,” he once observed, “is that they try a few things and quit. I never quit until I get what I want.” But Edison was also a paragon of curiosity.

It is easy to forget that curiosity is part of character. Curiosity—wanting to learn—is as elemental to a fulfilling life as any other character strength.
Decoding Emotions
Authors: Duckworth Angela ,   Character Lab
Published: August 2021

Aaron Temkin Beck—Tim to his friends and family—is often called the father of modern psychotherapy. A capsule summary of his paradigm-shifting insight: Our emotions are a result of our thoughts, and therefore, to understand our emotions, we must understand the thoughts that give rise to them.

Consider anger. Just the other day, toward the end of one of those family Zoom calls that now substitute for getting together in person, a perfectly pleasant conversation turned sour. Before I knew it, I was quite literally flush with anger. What happened?

The emotion of anger arrived, sudden and swift. If you'd asked me in that moment what I was thinking, I'd say I wasn't thinking anything. I was feeling. I was feeling mad.

But the next morning, when I reflected on what had happened, I recognized that what triggered my anger was a thought: “You're insulting me.”

In cognitive therapy, a therapist helps you pay attention to your thoughts and dispute ones that are inaccurate and maladaptive. For instance, a therapist might ask me to consider why I was so easily triggered in that family conversation. I might consider different ways to interpret the situation, such as “You're misunderstanding me. I need to be more clear.” Or “You think I'm insulting you. You're taking offense.”

Now, when I'm angry, I search for ways in which I perceive my rights have been violated. When I'm sad, I ask myself, “What is it that I feel like I've lost?” When I'm anxious, I ask, “What threat do I sense on the horizon?” When I'm happy, I ask, “What have I gained to make me feel this way?”
Emotions Are Contagious
Authors: Barsade Sigal ,   Character Lab
Published: August 2021

You're at the family dinner table. Your spouse worries that a friend's business is struggling. Then your son complains about his math homework and your inability to help, and your daughter asks when she will see her friends again. As the meal progresses, you can feel everyone becoming more and more anxious.

Emotions are contagious. We automatically mimic each other's facial expressions, body language, and tone of voice. Next, we actually feel the emotions we mimicked and begin to act on them. Without our realizing what's happening, feelings can escalate, as we “catch” them from other people, who catch them back from us, in an increasing spiral.

While emotions spread more easily in person, they also get transmitted through social media, phone calls, emails, and video chats. In fact, negative emotions related to isolation may make us even more susceptible.

Luckily, knowledge is a form of inoculation. Just being aware of emotional contagion can reduce its negative effects. And positive emotions transfer just as easily as negative ones. The spread of positive emotions leads to greater cooperation, less conflict, and improved performance.
Heart
Authors: Duckworth Angela ,   Character Lab
Published: August 2021

Last month, legendary baseball manager Tommy Lasorda died.

I met Tommy only once. It was a warm July evening, the Los Angeles Dodgers were playing the Philadelphia Phillies, and Tommy was in town for the game. His beloved Boys in Blue soundly beat my home team, 16 to 2.

I'd already read Tommy Lasorda: My Way, a biography full of his aphorisms and stories. Still, I was an eager audience as Tommy held forth—not only on baseball but also, in so many words, on the game of life and what it means to play it well. The morning after he died, it was that book I pulled from the shelf and sat down to reread.

Here is one of the last stories in the book.
Knowing What You Don’t Know
Authors: Duckworth Angela ,   Character Lab
Published: August 2021

The other day, I attended a lecture by a world-renowned professor on an advanced topic in statistics. There were all kinds of graphs and equations, and the thesis he was advancing was only accessible to people who already knew a lot about how to work with data.

But that wasn't what impressed me the most. Instead, it was something this professor said a half-dozen times in the course of an hour.

I don't know.

Of course, there was a lot he did know, and he had a ready reply in response to most questions. But when he didn't know the answer, he said so.

In other words, what impressed me most was not his intellectual prowess but his intellectual humility—a strength of character I admit I need to practice.

It turns out that intellectually humble people are more curious, open to new experiences, and tolerant of ambiguity. They're less dogmatic and less prone to judge others based on their religious opinions. They seek out views that differ from their own.

A lot of what schools call “critical thinking” comes down to intellectual humility: knowing what you don't know. And like any other character strength, intellectual humility develops with practice and encouragement.

Have you ever given a presentation and hoped and prayed that nobody would ask you a question for which you weren't prepared? I once felt that way; I didn't want to look stupid. But over time, fear of what I don't know has been replaced with excitement about what I have yet to learn.
Lemons and Lemonade
Authors: Duckworth Angela ,   Character Lab
Published: August 2021

Rich Maiore was 28 years old the day he first heard of Alex Scott.

Rich's day had started out like any other. He worked in marketing and had driven to a convenience store in his territory to stack soda bottles in a promotional display. One by one, he turned the bottles so that their labels lined up just so.

And then Rich happened to look up.

On the store's television, the Today show was introducing a little girl with a beaming smile and bald head who, Rich learned, had been fighting cancer since she was one.

Like a lot of kids, Alex wanted to set up a lemonade stand in her front yard. But Alex's purpose was unusual: She aimed to give all of the profits to doctors so they could “help other kids like they helped me.”

Four-year old Alex raised $2,000 in one day. And then she raised twice that. Soon, other children in the neighborhood were raising money, too, and by the time she was asked to tell her story on Today, the goal was to raise a million dollars for pediatric cancer research.

“Honestly, I felt ashamed,” Rich told me. “Here was this little girl doing something so incredible. What was I doing? Adjusting soda bottles. I realized I wanted to help other people.”

The instinct to help others runs as deep in human nature as any other. But as we chase other goals, it's easy to neglect.
The Other Side of Stress
Authors: Crum Alia J. ,   Stanford University
Published: August 2021

Last month, I got the email I was dreading: my toddler's daycare was
closing because of the pandemic. How was I going to teach two classes
and run a research lab while caring for my 18-month-old daughter?

In short order, more people were getting sick and dying, much of the
country went into lockdown, and friends lost their jobs. I broke down
and cried.

Then I took a deep breath and focused. I've spent the last 15 years studying stress, and this is what I've learned.
Although stress can have negative effects, research shows that even
severe stress can make you stronger—if you adopt the right mindset. How
do you do that?
The Roots of Optimism
Authors: Yeager David ,   University of Texas at Austin
Published: August 2021

Starting high school is hard. One ninth grader recently described
seeing her old middle school friends walk by her in the hallway “without
a hi or a smile.”

“I felt invisible,” she told me. To kids, minor incidents like this
can seem like a sign of more bad things to come. As another teen said to
me: “It makes me feel like I won't have any friends at my high school
reunion.”

As a scientist, I want to help kids stay optimistic during tough
transitions in life. We've learned that if kids think that you can't
change the kind of person you are—a “bully” or a “victim,” a “good”
person or a “bad” one—then they believe small difficulties predict the
rest of their life.
Social Blind Spots
Authors: Duckworth Angela ,   Character Lab
Published: August 2021

The other day, I took my daughter Lucy to the mall to get her ears
pierced. The technician was friendly and warm, cheerfully redrawing
purple dots on Lucy's earlobes again and again until everyone was
satisfied that they were perfectly centered.

Just then, a mall security guard wandered by. He and our technician
struck up a flirtatious banter—an exchange I would have found endearing
under different circumstances, but in this case activated my protective
maternal instincts.

“Excuse me,” I said. “My daughter is getting a hole in her ear for the rest of her life. Could you please give it a rest?”

Our technician smiled and assured us that she had no problem
concentrating while making conversation with her friend. And, calm as
can be, she finished the piercing.
Thank Teens for Giving
Authors: Duckworth Angela ,   Character Lab
Published: August 2021

During a recent visit to the University of Basel, a professor I'd met earlier that day excused himself.

“It was lovely to meet you,” he smiled, then pointed to his rolling suitcase.

“I'm off for my night train.”

“You're taking an overnight train?” I asked with some surprise.

“Well, yes…if I can avoid flying, I do.”

“Greta got to you, didn't she?”

“Yes,” he replied. “I guess she did!”

A year ago, I'd never heard the term flight shaming. Now, thanks to 16-year-old activist Greta Thunberg, it's well-known that flying is terrible for the environment.
Thanks to Teachers
Authors: Duckworth Angela ,   Character Lab
Published: August 2021

Write a gratitude letter to someone you've never properly thanked.

This was the task I recently assigned as homework to my undergraduate
class. I explained that the recipient of this letter could be anyone at
all—a parent or older sibling, for example. Or they could choose a
Little League coach, a rabbi, or a childhood friend—anyone who'd helped
them along the path of life and to whom they owed a debt of
appreciation.

I allotted students one week to complete this task and reflect, in their journals, on the experience.

As it turns out, students decided to thank a former teacher by a
large margin—more than twice as often as they chose a parent, for
example.
The Salvation of Habits
Authors: Duckworth Angela ,   Character Lab
Published: August 2021

“I promise you, Mrs. Duckworth. Tomorrow, you're gonna have my homework assignment on time. This is a whole new me. Just watch.”

When I taught middle school math, many of my struggling students
would swear up and down that they were going to turn around their
performance in my class. This year is going to be different. Some of them did exactly that. But many others did not.

Likewise, it's possible you're following through on every plan you made at the start of 2019—or you may have already fallen off the wagon.

In the long run, the superpower that enables people of all ages to realize their aspirations is habit.

What is a habit, exactly?
Values Affirmation
Authors: Duckworth Angela ,   Character Lab
Published: August 2021

“Young people,” observed Viktor Frankl
in 1966, “should not be overdemanded. However, we have also to consider
the fact that at least today, in the age of an affluent society, most
people are underdemanded rather than overdemanded.”

In Frankl's view, there's no reason to defer the task of finding purpose and meaning in life.

But teenagers today are considerably more stressed out
than they were in Frankl's time. When I think of the number of mornings
I've come downstairs to find both of my teenage girls awake, studying,
and on their second cup of coffee, I wonder if it's a good idea to
demand even more.
EVENTOS DE CHUVA INTENSA NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO PIRATINI: RELAÇÃO COM ENOS E ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Ogassawara Jéssica Fernanda , Becker Nunes André , Bugoni Riquetti Nelva
Published: August 2021

O estudo sinótico e climatológico de eventos extremos torna-se importante devido ao impacto que estes podem ocasionar frente à sociedade. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar eventos de precipitação intensa (percentil 99 da série histórica de acumulados diários) na bacia hidrográfica do rio Piratini (BHRP), no sul do Rio Grande do Sul, entre 1981 e 2016, no tocante à relação com o fenômeno ENOS (El Niño – Oscilação Sul), além de um estudo sinótico de um evento de enchente que ocorreu entre os dias 14 a 16 de fevereiro de 1983 atingindo as cidades de Pedro Osório e Cerrito. Os resultados mostraram que durante o período as cinco estações da bacia apresentaram entre 90 e 150 casos, e mostraram uma correlação positiva, porém não significativa, entre os eventos de chuva intensa e o fenômeno El Niño. A análise do estudo de caso empregou a reanálise do ERA5, e mostrou que o evento ocorreu devido à forçantes dinâmicas, como a presença de um cavado em altos níveis, e térmicas, como o escoamento de norte em baixos níveis, que acarretaram em uma ciclogênese extratropical próxima a costa.
A Novel Approach Towards a Sustainable Ecotourism Community
Authors:   Environmental Engineering Department, The American University in Cairo, Egypt, Khattab Mianda , Haggar Salah El
Published: August 2021

As tourism industry is one of the main industrial focuses nowadays as it has grown almost by 40% since 1960 till date and it is expected to represent almost 25% of the globe’s population in 5 years. It has many benefits economically by getting introduced to foreign currencies and better market share; and socially by providing more job opportunities and better lifestyles yet the environmental point of view is not yet a focus, in other words in line with the industry growth huge amount of natural resources are being consumed so as to cover for the needs of the current tourists. Thus there is a need for the introduction of a novel approach that will integrate ecotourism and sustainability by introducing and implementing the zero waste strategy which will ensure conservation of natural resources with safe and environmentally friendly acts, activities and waste full utilization methods following cradle-to-cradle concept as it will be shown in the paper.
Best Practice Keselamatan Radiasi di Rumah Sakit Hermina Karawang
Authors:   RS Hermina Karawang, Marini Rini , Santoso Saleh Budi ,   Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Karawang, Tomala Angga , Setiawan Candra , Afritayanti Titin
Published: August 2021

Radiation safety is an action taken to protect workers, community members, and the environment from radiation hazards. The purpose of writing is to realize the best practice of radiation safety culture at Hermina Hospital Karawang. This descriptive study conducted interviews, observations, discussions, and direct measurements from 2020 to 2021. Using the Thermoluminescence Dosemeter (TLD) badge for radiation workers in 2020, 80% of all radiation workers used the TLD badge, and 20% did not because officers forgot and limited use when working in the covid room area. Radiation danger signs have been posted at all examination doors and radiology registration windows. Radiologists always turn on the lights every time they do an X-ray examination. All radiology employees at Hermina Hospital have performed routine health checks at least once a year. The test results of the apron pass fit for use; there is no visible damage in the form of tears, waves, or other damage. The results of the radiation exposure test in the conventional radiology room in the operator's room were 0.063µSv/h, behind the operator's door 0.143 Sv/h, in the administration room 0.087 Sv/h, at the radiology entrance 0.057 Sv/h, the medical gas room and parking area of 0.029 Sv/h and 0.08 Sv/h. The results of radiation exposure test in the area for the CT Scan, namely in the operator's room of 0.046 Sv/h, behind the operator's door 0.118 Sv/h, the entrance to the CT Scan room 0.204 Sv/h, in the poly room and parking area of 0.125 Sv/h, and 0.041 Sv/ h. The results of the exposure test were declared safe from radiation leakage. Radiation Protection Officer (RPO) Hermina Karawang Hospital has participated in online PPR requalification in 2021. The local Diagnostic Reference Level (DRL) value of Hermina Karawang Hospital for non-contrast head CT, namely with CTDIvol = 38.26 mGy and DLP = 777.29 mGy.cm. The implementation of radiation safety best practices at Hermina Hospital has been carried out routinely following applicable regulations regarding radiation safety. It takes consistency and high discipline for radiation workers and hospital management in maintaining the quality of hospital radiation safety. Keywords: Radiation safety, best practice, Diagnostic Reference Level (DRL)
Efektifitas Penggunaan Sistem AEC (Smart mA) untuk Optimisasi Dosis dan Kualitas Citra pada Protokol CT Abdomen
Authors:   RS Sentra Medika, Bogor, Alzufri Habib Syeh , Nurmiati Dede
Published: August 2021

This study aims to analyze Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) with Smart mA software on water phantom image quality and CTDIvol dose. The researched image quality is CT Number and noise. In addition, the CT Number is evaluated for accuracy, uniformity, and noise using the Noise Power Spectrum method. The results of image measurements with and without Smart mA on CT Number accuracy are still in the Standard range of ± 4 CT, the uniformity value of CT Number and noise is also still within the Standard, namely ± 2 CT. The use of Smart mA increases the noise value by 14.29%. The noise value from the noise power spectrum analysis when using Smart mA is higher than without using Smart mA. Meanwhile, the CTDIvol radiation dose from using Smart mA decreases by 52.33%. Image quality using Smart mA has a CT Number value almost the same or uniform with the test object, namely water phantom, so that the use of Smart mA can characterize body tissues well, but the noise value generated is more significant than without using Smart mA. Although the noise value generated by Smart mA is more excellent, visually, the noise value does not disturb the radiologist too much in determining the diagnosis because the image quality is still in good condition so that it can give a dose according to the patient's body thickness according to the ALARA principle. Keywords: CT Number, CTDIvol, AEC, NPS.
Pelatihan Proteksi dan Keselamatan Radiasi Sebagai Dasar Penguatan Kompetensi Bagi Pekerja Radiasi di RSUD KRMT Wongsonegoro Semarang
Authors:   Departement of Radiology, KRMT Wongsonegoro Regional Public Hospital, Supriyati Supriyati
Published: August 2021

Radiology installation is one of the supporting elements in a hospital whose primary function is to establish a diagnosis. Following its function, there are modalities of both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. Understanding a primary modality that uses ionizing radiation is necessary to create patient safety. Several other health workers participate in carrying out a radiology modality using both ionizing and non-ionizing aircraft modalities. Relates to the use of radiology equipment in other installations, for example, urological surgery installations held by urological surgeons, orthopedic surgeons in central surgical facilities, neurosurgeons specializing in the use of surgical support C arms, heart and vascular specialists. Blood in the catheterization laboratory installation, as well as the supporting nurses in each of these rooms. Understanding radiation and the basics of protection to ensure the safety and security of radiation protection or radiation hazards that the use of these modalities may cause. Keywords: modality, radiation hazard
[Portuguese] Relatório: Estado de Reconhecimento Legal dos Direitos dos Povos Indígenas, das Comunidades Locais e dos Povos Afrodescendentes ao Carbono Armazenado em Terras e Florestas Tropicais
Authors:   Rights and Resources Initiative,   McGill University
Published: August 2021

Este estudo analisa a situação do reconhecimento legal dos direitos dos Povos Indígenas, comunidades locais e Povos Afrodescendentes ao carbono em suas terras e territórios em 31 países da África, Ásia e América Latina.10 Juntos, esses países defendem quase 70 por cento das florestas tropicais do mundo11 e representam pelo menos 62 por cento do potencial total de solução climática natural viável identificado por McKinsey et al. (2021),12 e, portanto, a maior parte das reduções de emissões baseadas na natureza e oportunidades de compensação de carbono em países com florestas tropicais e subtropicais.
Commodification of Urban Space and the Image of ‘New’ Istanbul: Decoding the prevailing discourse
Authors: Mutman Demet , Yorgancioğlu Derya
Published: August 2021

This study aims to identify the urban transformation strategy implemented in Istanbul for the last 15 years as a tool to promote the ‘new’ city discourse. This marking strategy leads to a thoroughly manipulated or re-written urban texture, constructed through concepts of identity, context and historicism. By decoding its actors, their roles, and branding images of five selected urban projects which relied on a top-down approach, the research exposes the implicit and explicit targets behind the political discourse of ‘new’ İstanbul. Through a qualitative content analysis of branding images and promotional media, the research focuses on the unseen agenda of the governing authority concerning the urban image and the state economy, which, on the contrary, undermines legitimate laws covering disaster mitigation. The conceptual framework of the study draws on Tafuri’s (1969) seminal article "Toward a Critique of Architectural Ideology" to deepen our examination of the leading forces of urban ideology that are reshaping the city. The article aims to spark a debate over the ‘new’ Istanbul discourse and its planning practices through its re-reading of urban projects, the field of architecture and planning, development strategies, and their relevant actors.
Measuring Walkability for More Liveable and Sustainable Cities: The Case of Mersin City Centre
Authors: Akkar Ercan Müge , Sara Belge Züleyha
Published: August 2021

Walkability is of rising importance in planning and design circles. In Turkey and the world, it is increasingly recognized as an urban strategy to create healthy societies within sustainable and ‘liveable’ cities. Despite this interest, the extent to which Turkish cities are walkable remains questionable. Defining the performative features of walkability, this research offers a micro- scale walkability assessment model with eight qualitative and quantitative factors of urban design. Describing the model with its factors, this article first presents a research methodology, then explores the walkability level of the historic city centre of Mersin, specifically Ataturk and Uray Streets (AUS). Finally, it discusses the major planning and design strategies that can improve walkability and liveability level of the historic city centre of Mersin, and underlines the contributions the model can make to current planning practice with reference to inclusive, human-centred and flexible design approaches. The research concludes that a sensitive qualitative and quantitative assessment of walkability is necessary to identify the walkability level of urban space. Additionally, it suggests that a comprehensive, integrated, and multi-dimensional planning and design approach regarding micro-scale, meso-scale and macro-scale is required to develop holistic and integrated urban design strategies to achieve walkable, liveable and sustainable cities.
Eco-villages as Sustainable Human Habitats: Challenges and Conflicts in Turkey
Authors: Güleryüz Çohadar Merve , Dostoğlu Neslihan
Published: August 2021

Faced with the effects of global warming, energy resource depletion, and other related social problems which have steadily worsened since the 1980’s, people around the world have sought to create more sustainable, resilient and ‘liveable’ communities. Two approaches have been developed: The first is reformist - developing piecemeal changes in response existing problems -; the second is utopian - creating new environments from scratch. Eco-villages are consciously developed as sustainable communities, and as such, are an example of the utopian approach.

This study evaluates the creation of two eco-villages in Turkey facing physical, social, economic, and sustainability issues. Our research starts by discussing two well-known eco-village initiatives, which enables us establish the key features of eco-village initiatives generally. We then analyse these key features in the context of two eco-villages selected in Turkey, using publicly available information from websites, observations from site visits, and details from personal interviews conducted with the founders of each settlement. Our findings, which relate to the physical, social, economic, and sustainable aspects of the eco- villages, are subsequently tabulated and compared with the original two eco-village initiatives discussed. In closing, several recommendations are made for the ongoing success of the initiatives in Turkey.
Book Review of "The Cities, Security and Poverty"
Authors: Tümtürk Onur
Published: August 2021

The 2013 Meeting of the World Society for Ekistics was held in Ankara, Turkey around the theme of ‘The Cities, Security and Poverty’1. The proceedings from this international meeting, edited by Meltem Yılmaz and H. Çağatay Keskinok, form an overarching account of the changing power relations in a globalized world, discussing their socio-spatial implications for human settlements with particular reference to the key issues of the weakening public sphere and communality, increasing socio-spatial fragmentation and inequalities, and emerging security problems related to both political insurgencies and environmental degradation. Although the content of the book is not structured around certain sub-headings or themes, it is possible to categorize the 18 distinctive contributions as follows: (i) changing power relations and their implications on the public sphere; (ii) spatial manifestations of changing power relations and urban segregation; (iii) crime and security problems in urban spaces; (iv) ecological transitions, sustainability issues and environmental disasters.
МЕДИЧНЕ І ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНЕ ЗАКОНОДАВСТВО: НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ’Я У ФІНЛЯНДІЇ
Authors: Зброжек Світлана
Published: August 2021

Здійснення професійної практики медичними працівниками безпосередньо пов’язане з реалізацією конституційного права людини і громадянина на охорону здоров’я, медичну допомогу і медичне страхування. Ефективна організація праці медиків є одним з основних факторів, що забезпечують охорону здоров’я населення і, як наслідок, зумовлюють соціальну стабільність у суспільстві. Мета: дослідити нормативно-правове регулювання діяльності працівників охорони здоров’я у Фінляндії з позиції медичного та фармацевтичного законодавства. Для досягнення поставленої мети використовували методи документального, нормативного та графічного методів аналізу. Діяльність працівників охорони здоров’я регулюється спеціальним Законом. Його мета — сприяти безпеці пацієнтів і підвищенню якості послуг охорони здоров’я шляхом забезпечення професійної підготовки та кваліфікації зайнятих в сфері охорони здоров’я осіб.

За професійну підготовку працівників сфери охорони здоров’я відповідає Міністерство освіти і культури. Загальне керівництво персоналом охорони здоров’я здійснює Міністерство соціального забезпечення та охорони здоров’я. Державна контрольно-наглядова служба соціального забезпечення та охорони здоров’я і регіональні управління органів державної влади здійснюють керівництво за діяльністю медичних працівників і нагляд за нею. У числі іншого вони розглядають скарги з приводу медичного догляду. Досліджено нормативно-правове регулювання діяльності працівників охорони здоров’я у Фінляндії з позиції медичного та фармацевтичного законодавства і виявлено, що Конституція Фінляндії не містить законоположень про здоров'я, однак вважається, що суспільство зобов'язано піклуватися про організацію належного медичного обслуговування.
Management of High Secondary Education After Regional Government Law
Authors: Herman Andi Akbar , Hayat Muhammad Jihadul
Published: August 2021

Education is the constitutional right of every citizen, as mandated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, so that that good education management will support the progress of a nation. The tug of war on government affairs in education carried out by the central government to local governments from districts to provinces has further distanced public services. The type of research used in compiling this research is empirical legal research. The results showed that education management had implications for the ineffective management of senior secondary education in the North Kolaka district, from budget management, management of facilities and infrastructure, and management of human resources, no longer running effectively. This situation forced the provincial government to establish a branch office in the North Kolaka district to support administrative arrangements in the North Kolaka district.Keywords: Education; Transfer of Authority; Regency and Province.
Service Quality Strategy Challenges for Managers and Frontline Employees in the South African Post Office in the North West Province
Authors: Eposi Elsie Mbua , Potgieter Marius
Published: August 2021

This paper addresses the possible factors that hamper service quality strategy implementation by managers and frontline employees and thus hindering consumer satisfaction with the South Africa Post Office (SAPO) in the North West province of South Africa. This study was grounded on the contingency theory which emphasises the need for management, managers and frontline employees to utilise various methods for resolving problems that may obstruct strategy implementation. This study adopted a qualitative research approach with semi-structured interviews to obtain data from selected participants. Data was collected from three post office branch managers, one area manager and ten frontline employees, making a total of fourteen participants and the data were analysed using Atlas-ti (Version 8.1). The results obtained indicate that post offices struggle to implement their specific strategies due to factors such as vision barrier, management barrier, resource barrier, issues with organisational leadership and commitment, lack of proper implementation of plans, inability to communicate effectively as a challenge to strategy implementation, technological barriers as a challenge to strategy implementation and culture, environment, and change management. The study recommends that post offices should allocate adequate resource and funding during the implementation process and deploy skilled personnel to improve strategy implementation. It is further recommended that managers consider strategy implementation as a priority, as well as the need to include frontline employees as part of strategic planning. Effective collaboration with management, managers and frontline employees, high leadership commitment, improved technological advancement and considering the environmental factors will improve high service quality. All this is in an endeavour to facilitate strategy implementation to accomplish reasonable service delivery to all postal consumers in South Africa.