bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting romantic interest during early relationship development: A preregistered investigation using machine learning
Authors: Eastwick Paul W , Joel Samantha , Carswell Kathleen L , Molden Daniel C , Finkel Eli J , Blozis Shelley A
Published: May 2022

There are massive literatures on initial attraction and established relationships. But few studies capture early relationship development: the interstitial period in which people experience rising and falling romantic interest for partners who could—but often do not—become sexual or dating partners. In this study, 208 single participants reported on 1,065 potential romantic partners across 7,179 data points over 7 months. In stage 1, we used random forests (a type of machine learning) to estimate how well different classes of variables (e.g., individual differences vs. target-specific constructs) predicted participants’ romantic interest in these potential partners. We also tested (and found only modest support for) the perceiver × target moderation account of compatibility: the meta-theoretical perspective that some types of perceivers experience greater romantic interest for some types of targets. In stage 2, we used multilevel modeling to depict predictors retained by the random-forests models; robust (positive) main effects emerged for many variables, including sociosexuality, sex drive, perceptions of the partner’s positive attributes (e.g., attractive and exciting), attachment features (e.g., proximity seeking), and perceived interest. Finally, we found no support for ideal partner preference-matching effects on romantic interest. The discussion highlights the need for new models to explain the origin of romantic compatibility.
The development of social value orientation: Attachment styles, number of siblings, age, and a comparison of measures
Authors: Liu Yi , Wang Bo , Van Lange Paul A. M.
Published: May 2022

Nearly 25 years ago, four studies examined the development of social value orientation (SVO) and uncovered that SVO was related to specific and general adult attachment, the number of siblings, and age. However, some of these findings have been challenged by two recent replication studies. The present (pre-registered) research extends these replication studies and the original research by using multiple measurements of both SVO and adult attachment on two large samples that allowed us to detect small effect sizes. With online samples ( N = 1446 and 2644) from MTurk and Prolific, we replicated earlier findings that prosociality was associated with a greater level of secure attachment and a lower level of avoidant attachment. Moreover, prosociality was positively related to the number of siblings, especially sisters, as discovered by Study 3 of the original study. However, we failed to replicate the significant relation between SVO and age. Generally, we conclude that prosocial orientation is associated—even if modestly—with secure and avoidant attachment and the number of siblings, but the link with age is a question open to future investigation.
Successful Treatment of Tenofovir Alafenamide-Induced Lactic Acidosis: A Case Report
Authors: Arnouk Serena , Whitsett Maureen , Papadopoulos John , Stewart Lewis Zoe , Dagher Nabil N. , Feldman David M. , Park James S.
Published: May 2022

Nucleoside or nucleotide analogues (NAs) have the potential to cause lactic acidosis by inhibiting DNA polymerase-γ of human mitochondria and impairing aerobic metabolism. Patients may be asymptomatic, have mild non-specific symptoms, or present in multisystem organ failure. There is a paucity of data to guide management of life-threatening lactic acidosis due to NA therapy. Here we describe a case of a 60-year old critically ill male with decompensated cirrhosis secondary to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection who developed severe lactic acidosis (13.8 mmol/L) 2 days after initiation of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF). All other possible etiologies for the elevated lactate were ruled out. Lactic acidosis resolved rapidly with TAF discontinuation and supplementation with cofactors supporting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, including coenzyme Q10, levocarnitine, riboflavin, and thiamine. This case highlights the ability of TAF to cause lactic acidosis early after therapy initiation, especially in susceptible hosts, and reviews the potential role for cofactor supplementation for drug-induced mitochondrial injury.
Influences on Employment Transitions around the Birth of the First Child: The Experience of Italian Mothers
Authors: Fiori Francesca , Di Gessa Giorgio
Published: May 2022

This article studies mothers’ employment transitions around childbirth. It argues that leaving employment around childbirth and returning after an interruption might depend on multiple influences: the micro-context of individual and household characteristics, the meso-context of women’s jobs and the macro-context of broader cultural and institutional factors. This conceptual model is tested using data from the Italian Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) ‘Family and Social Subjects (2009)’ survey. The findings confirm that mothers’ transitions out of employment are shaped by micro-characteristics such as education, meso-characteristics such as status and security of prior jobs, and macro geographical and temporal factors. Subsequent returns to employment also reflect micro and macro influences, as mothers born before 1950, with low education, and large families are less likely to return; but they seem less dependent upon prior job characteristics. The research highlights the importance of considering multiple levels of influence to understand the enabling factors of maternal employment.
Integrated control scheme for a large membrane diffractive space telescope
Authors: Tang Liang , Guo Zixi , Feng Xiao , Guan Xin , Zhang Kebei
Published: May 2022

For higher resolution, next-generation space telescopes would be equipped with 10–20 m scale membrane diffractive primary lenses, and would have 100 m scale focal length. The large and flexible structure makes high-accuracy and high-stability control a great challenge. Specifically, both high-frequency and low-frequency disturbances must be attenuated, and the relative motion between the primary lens and the receiver (composed of the correcting optics and the imaging sensor) must be controlled. This paper presents a novel integrated control scheme to achieve the strict control goals. The dynamic model of a membrane diffractive space telescope is presented, where both high-frequency and low-frequency disturbances are considered. Nonlinear deformation of the flexible structure is also taken into account. The integrated control scheme consists of 3 parts: (1) an Agile Stable Precision platform (ASP), which can not only reduce the high-frequency vibrations for the receiver but also act as the actuator in the receiver control system; (2) a neural network controller for the spacecraft bus, which control the attitude of the spacecraft bus under uncertain low-frequency disturbances; (3) a finite-time neural network controller for the receiver to make the relative position and attitude of the receiver track on the expected state as fast as possible. Numerical simulations were carried out to verify the superiority of the integrated control scheme. Compared with traditional single stage spacecraft control (i.e., without the ASP), the accuracy and stability of the relative position and attitude are improved by at least one order of magnitude, and the settling time is greatly reduced.
High-speed rarefied gas flow simulations using Quasi-Gas Dynamic equations with slip and jump boundary conditions
Authors: Le Nam TP , Huynh Phuc T
Published: May 2022

The high-speed rarefied gas flow simulation is essential for the aerothermodynamic design of high-altitude vehicles. Recently, the Quasi-Gas Dynamic (QGD) equations have been implemented in OpenFOAM as a CFD solver named QGDFoam. In computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the accuracy of the prediction of the surface quantities depends on the slip and jump boundary conditions applied to the surfaces. In the present work, various first-order and second-order slip and jump boundary conditions have been numerically implemented into the solver QGDFoam in OpenFOAM to obtain a completed solver for simulating the rarefied gas flows. It then captures the surface quantities of the gas flows, such as the surface gas pressure, the slip velocity, and surface gas temperature. This completed solver is validated for the sharp-leading-edge wedge, the compression ramp, and the NACA 0012 micro-airfoil cases. Using the QGD model with the slip and jump conditions extends its application and enhances it to simulate high-speed rarefied gas flows. The simulation results show that the slip and jump conditions have been successfully employed with the QGD equations and give good results for predicting the surface quantities compared with the DSMC data.
Beyond the European Semester: The supranational evaluation cycle for pensions
Authors: Guardiancich Igor , Guidi Mattia , Terlizzi Andrea
Published: May 2022

Pensions at the European level have been, since the sovereign debt crisis, affected by several decision-making innovations. Retirement policy has been embedded in the European Semester, which strengthened the hitherto inadequate European socioeconomic policy coordination mechanisms. Given that the additional powers bestowed upon the Commission were qualified, a supranational response followed. With the effect of strengthening its rational-legal authority, in line with neo-functionalist spillover assumptions, evidence-based standards have been progressively applied to EU retirement policy formation. This innovative turn warrants the employment of a policy analysis theoretical framework. In particular, the article applies the concepts underpinning policy evaluation to the study of pensions within the Semester. Using a mixed-methods approach, which combines case study with statistical analysis, and following a novel in-depth coding of country-specific recommendations and Country Reports, this article argues that member states’ pensions are now assessed within a structured, formal and polycentric evaluation cycle. This has been gradually constructed by increasing the coherence between the yearly interim ex post evaluations of pension policy output (the Country Reports) and the final ex post evaluations of pension policy outcomes (the Ageing and Pension Adequacy Reports) that are published every 3 years. The result is a streamlined, technocratic, knowledge-based approach to retirement policy at the supranational level. Even though the generation of technical knowledge is no substitute for toothless conditionality, greater reliance on evidence is aimed at socializing national decision-makers and may eventually influence their policy choices. The unconventional pension evaluation cycle that sprung up around the Semester may, hence, serve as a model applicable to other socioeconomic policy domains.
Neuroprotective potential of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element signaling modulator cucurbitacin I upon glucose and oxygen deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/RP)
Authors: Ju Hu , Liu Chuanchuan , Zhang Guanghua , Xu Changlin , Wang Hu , Fan Haining
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of Cucurbitacin I (Cu I) on apoptosis, oxidative stress, and mitophagy in PC12 cells with glucose and oxygen deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/RP) injury. OGD/RP cell injury model was established by gas anoxic cell incubator and glucose-free medium. The cells were divided into the control group, OGD/RP group, OGD/RP + Cu I group, and OGD/RP + Cu I + 2 µM nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) inhibitor ML385 group. The results showed that apoptotic rate and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were significantly increased in OGD/RP group, which were reversed by Cu I pretreatment. Meanwhile, western blot analysis proved that Cu I inhibited OGD/RP-induced mitophagy, manifested as the decreased expression of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) and parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (Parkin), and light chain 3 (LC3) Ⅱ∕LC3 I, as well as the increased expression of P62. Furthermore, immunofluorescence (IF) staining showed that Cu I reduced the co-localized puncta of LC3 with TOM20 in OGD/RP-induced PC12 cells. Similarly, transmission electron microscope finding is consistent with the IF results. Mechanically, after Cu I and OGD/RP treatments, nuclear Nrf2 expression and the levels of downstream target genes were significantly upregulated compared with OGD/RP alone treatment. Nrf2 inhibition reversed the protective effects of Cu I on OGD/RP-induced injury in PC12 cells. The present study provides evidence of the neuroprotective effect of Cu I unraveling its potential as a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Clinical Profile and Outcome of Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Infected Neonates—A Single Center Experience
Authors: Kalane Shilpa U. , Somendra Sonteke , Patwardhan Sampada , Joshi Shradha A. , Rajhans Arti P. , Joshi Rajan V.
Published: May 2022

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been identified as a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in young children and elderly. Limited data are available on the clinical profile and outcome in neonates from India. We describe clinical profile and outcome data of neonates infected with RSV. A total of 14 neonates with acute respiratory illness (ARI) requiring newborn intensive care unit (NICU) admission were tested for respiratory virus infection. All 14 (100%) tested positive for RSV-A infection. Of these positive cases, 11 (78.57%) were NICU graduates. Cough, cold, and respiratory distress was observed to be the chief complain in 13 (92.85%) neonates. All except 2 required respiratory support. Total duration of respiratory support and hospital stay was 7 (3-12) and 8 (5-14) days, respectively. All the RSV-infected patients showed complete recovery. We observed that predominantly NICU graduates were susceptible to RSV illness with a slight male preponderance. Amongst infected, majority presented with ARI requiring respiratory support. The severity was more in NICU graduates who were born very preterm.
The Informal Champion’s Role in Promoting the Care of Inter-Professional Teams
Authors: Sheffer-Hilel Galia , Drach-Zahavy Anat , Endevelt Ronit
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to examine how allied healthcare professionals as informal leaders can lead reforms to improve patient care on an interprofessional team. With 284 interprofessional team members working in 59 geriatric facilities, our findings demonstrated that informal leaders exhibiting more championship behaviors gained higher innovation success scores. In addition, the champion’s professional tenure and institutional size were both negatively associated with innovation success. We discuss important implications for this understudied issue in interprofessional team research: how a low-status informal leader can direct reform aimed at improving patient care within a healthcare organization.
Benchmarks for Group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Tools for Social Work Professionals
Authors: Washburn Micki , Yu Miao , Rubin Allen
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This article provides within-group effect size benchmarks for RCTs of group-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for adults with anxiety and/or depression.

Methods

A systematic literature search of RCTs of the group-based ACT intervention was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Articles were selected based on predetermined eligibility criteria. Pre/post within-group effect sizes were calculated using the Glass approach, adjusted using Hedges g, and aggregated to produce separate benchmarks for symptoms of depression and anxiety for ACT and the comparison/control group(s).

Results

Results indicate that the average within-group pre/post effect sizes for the group-based ACT intervention is .59 (95% CI 0.37–0.81) for anxiety and .73 (95% CI 0.56–0.89) for depression.

Discussion

These benchmarks may be used by social workers to evaluate the effectiveness of their group-based ACT intervention and to guide clinical decision making.
In Their Own Words, “Waiting Sucks:” A Qualitative Study of Medical Testing-Related Anxiety in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Mannion Samantha , Martin Nichole A. , O’Connor Jennifer , Wieland Jana , Jatoi Aminah
Published: May 2022

Objective

This qualitative study sought to learn from patients with cancer -- in their own words -- about anxiety associated with medical testing.

Methods

Patients with cancer or a history of cancer were recruited from an oncology clinic. After oral consent, each was interviewed in person. A semi-structured interview guide was used to help focus the interviews. Interviews were then recorded, transcribed, and analyzed with rigorous qualitative methods.

Results

Twenty patients are the focus of this report, which highlights 2 main themes from the data. The first is that anxiety related to medical testing is a real entity. Although not all patients experienced it, those who did described it as such (“I was a little apprehensive.” “It’s the anticipation.” “I don’t think it bothers me until I get near the time for testing.”). The second theme focused on coping. Patients offered insight on how to cope (“So I just deal with it and work.” “And don’t let myself sink into a pity pot ….” “See your scan as a tool instead of … instead of um … a death sentence, I suppose.”)

Conclusion

In patients with cancer, the anxiety from medical testing is real, could perhaps be mitigated by sharing coping methods from patient to patient, and merits further study.
The Risk for Prostate Cancer With Calcium Channel Blockers: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression
Authors: Rotshild Victoria , Rabkin Natalie , Matok Ilan
Published: May 2022

Background

For decades, conflicting results were published regarding the increased risk of Prostate cancer (PCa) among calcium channel blocker (CCB) users.

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the association between PCa and CCB exposure and assess moderating factors.

Methods

We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for observational and randomized studies published until November 2020 with no language limitations, including data on the risk for PCa in CCB users compared with non-CCB users. We applied a random-effects model meta-analysis to pool results. In addition, we investigated potential moderating factors, such as CCB type, study type, participants’ age, and duration of exposure, using meta-regression methods.

Results

In our primary analysis, we included 18 studies. A statistically significant 5% increase in the risk for PCa was observed among CCB users (risk ratio [RR] = 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.10), with no significant association between the duration of exposure to CCBs and the risk for PCa (RR = 1.08; 95% CI: 0.98-1.19 for exposure for < 5years and RR = 1.01; 95% CI: 0.9-1.14 for exposure ≥ 5 years). The association remained statistically significant for the subgroup of dihydropyridines (RR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.05-1.22). In addition, the association was not influenced by participants’ age.

Conclusion and Relevance

CCBs are an important modality in treating hypertension. The 5% increased risk observed in the current meta-analysis could be influenced by residual confounding factors and should not affect hypertension treatment guidelines until more studies provide additional clinical information.
Protecting Indigenous and Local Knowledge Through a Biocultural Diversity Framework
Authors: Nemogá Gabriel R. , Appasamy Amanda , Romanow Cora A.
Published: May 2022

Indigenous and Local Knowledge (ILK) is intrinsically connected to knowledge holders’ worldviews and relationships to their environments. Mainstream rights-based approaches do not recognize this interconnection and are hence limited at protecting the integrity of ILK. This paper presents two cases in Colombia in which, by recognizing community-environment interconnections, the biocultural diversity framework advanced the protection of communities’ ILK. The first case draws on court findings that recognized Indigenous and Afro-descendant peoples’ biocultural rights and granted legal personhood to the Atrato River—a pioneering ruling in the American hemisphere. The second case involved participatory fieldwork with the Embera peoples in designing a biocultural community protocol, reinforcing their relationship with the forest and protecting their biocultural heritage. The two cases illustrate that the biocultural diversity framework is inclusive of Indigenous and local communities’ worldviews and is hence an essential tool for the development of culturally appropriate protective mechanisms for ILK.
Novel Forms of Reluctance Among Suspected Child Sexual Abuse Victims in Adolescence
Authors: Nogalska Agnieszka M. , Henderson Hayden M. , Cho Scarlet J. , Lyon Thomas D.
Published: May 2022

Adolescents tend to be neglected in research examining child sexual abuse (CSA) interviews, yet are often said to be particularly reluctant. This study examined reluctance among 119 10- to 17-year-old females questioned about suspected CSA ( n = 25,942 responses), utilizing a scheme identifying previously overlooked types of reluctance in commercially sexually exploited (CSE) youth. In contrast to the CSE youth in a prior study, in which 26% of responses were reluctant, only 8% of CSA victims’ responses expressed reluctance. Reluctance was unrelated to age, abuse characteristics, and don’t know (IDK) responding. Greater reluctance (but not IDK responding) was related to disclosure of fewer characteristics of abuse. Virtually all youth (93%) had disclosed prior to the interview, in contrast to previous studies examining reluctance among adolescent victims of internet-initiated sexual abuse and CSE. The way in which abuse is discovered may better explain reluctance than the age of the alleged victims.
Complex, Co-occurring Needs Patterns and Evidence-Based Service Planning for Families Involved in Foster Care: A Map for Research and Practice
Authors: Sokol Rebeccah L. , Victor Bryan G. , Yoon Miyoung , Ryan Joseph P. , Perron Brian E.
Published: May 2022

This study described the complexity of service need co-occurrence among foster care-involved families and identified prevalent patterns of needs to inform future evidence-based service planning research. We utilized state administrative child maltreatment records, and restricted data to cases where the child entered foster care in 2019 and the caseworker indicated the presence of at least one need from the Family Assessment of Needs and Strengths (FANS; n = 1631). We extracted all unique combinations of needs (i.e., needs profiles), and we used association rule mining to identify patterns within these profiles. A total of 780 unique needs profiles emerged among the 1631 cases, which we condensed into 78 patterns. Although the variability and complexity of needs profiles makes evidence-based service planning difficult, the present analysis mapped prevalent needs patterns to guide future research intended to assist caseworkers in this task. Identification of maltreatment determinants among families involved in foster care, and future research into the needs within different needs patterns that might undermine treatment effectiveness, may result in a better balance between parsimonious service plans and a full consideration of co-occurring service needs.
Utilization of lateral exit sites for femorally inserted central catheters in pediatric patients: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Weber Mark D , Himebauch Adam S , Conlon Thomas
Published: May 2022

Tunneled femorally inserted central catheters (FICCs) are frequently required for central access in children when upper extremity vessels cannot or should not be cannulated. A recently published decision tool for tunneled FICCs identifies the medial thigh as the preferred exit site. In pediatric patients, this medial exit site may remain at risk of contamination from stool due to anatomic size, and there are no tools developed for FICC exit site decisions specific to children. We present our approach for the placement of the exit site in the far lateral region of the thigh and review previous FICC literature relevant to the pediatric population. In select patients, a lateral approach has the potential to decrease the risk of exit site contamination to prolong catheter viability and reduce patient harm.
The role of vacuum-assisted mechanical thrombectomy in the management of acutely thrombosed arteriovenous fistulas and grafts
Authors: Cavalcante Rafael Noronha , Nishinari Kenji , Centofanti Guiherme , Krutman Mariana , De Fina Bruna , Sato Victor Hamamoto , de Oliveira Erico Souza , Pereira Leonardo Victor Barbosa , Mohrbacher Sara , Bales Alessandra Martins , Ferreira Bernadete Maria Coelho , Neves Precil Diego Miranda de Menezes , Chocair Pedro Renato , Cuvello Neto Américo Lourenço
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the mechanical thrombectomy with the Indigo System in the treatment of thrombosed arteriovenous fistulas and grafts.

Methods:

A retrospective search of endovascular procedures performed from November 2018 to June 2020 was conducted. Inclusion criteria were: acute arteriovenous fistula or graft thrombosis that underwent endovascular mechanical thrombectomy with Indigo System. The following information was collected from each case: sex, age, fistula modality, fistula location, treatment modality, and outcomes. Endpoints evaluated were: technical and clinical success rates; primary, assisted primary, and secondary patency rates; complication rates.

Results:

Twenty-six mechanical thrombectomy procedures for declotting of arteriovenous fistula thrombosis, using the Indigo System, were performed in 22 patients. Technical and clinical success was achieved in 23/26 cases (88%). Mean follow-up was 9 months (range 11–539 days). The 6-month primary, primary assisted, and secondary patency rates were 71%, 86%, 93% and the 12-month primary, primary assisted, and secondary patency rates were 71%, 72%, 80%, respectively. No technical or device-related complications were observed during thrombectomy, however two venous ruptures occurred on the angioplasty of the underlying stenosis.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, vacuum-assisted thrombectomy of acutely thrombosed arteriovenous fistulas and grafts with Indigo System is safe and effective, providing good short term patency rates.
The SIP protocol update: Eight strategies, incorporating Rapid Peripheral Vein Assessment (RaPeVA), to minimize complications associated with peripherally inserted central catheter insertion
Authors: Brescia Fabrizio , Pittiruti Mauro , Spencer Timothy R , Dawson Robert B
Published: May 2022

Insertion of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters (PICCs) is potentially associated with the risk of immediate/early adverse events, some of them minimal (repeated punctures) and some relevant (accidental arterial puncture or nerve-related injury). Several strategies adopted during the insertion process may minimize the risk of such events, including late complication risks such as infection, venous thrombosis, or catheter dislodgment and/or malposition. This paper describes an update version of the SIP protocol (Safe Insertion of PICCs), an insertion bundle which includes eight effective strategies that aims to minimize immediate, early, or late insertion-associated complications. These strategies include: preprocedural ultrasound assessment utilizing the RaPeVA (Rapid Peripheral Venous Assessment) protocol; appropriate skin antiseptic technique; choice of appropriate vein, adoption of the Zone Insertion Method™; clear identification of the median nerve and brachial artery; ultrasound-guided puncture; ultrasound-guided tip navigation; intra-procedural assessment of tip location; correct securement of the catheter, and appropriate protection of the exit site. This updated version of the SIP protocol includes several novelties based on the most recent evidence-based scientific literature on PICC insertion, such as the clinical relevance of the tunneling technique, the use of ultrasound for intra-procedural tip navigation and tip location, and the new technologies for the protection of the exit site (cyanoacrylate glue) and for the securement of the catheter (subcutaneous anchorage).
Effect of exercises on the maturation of newly created arteriovenous fistulas over distal and proximal upper limb: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Meng Lingyan , Zhang Tiying , Ho Pei
Published: May 2022

The aims of our review were: (i) to evaluate the effect of post-operative upper extremity exercise on maturation of AVFs, stratified by their locations. (ii) To evaluate the effect of pre-operative arm exercise on patients’ superficial vein caliber of patients. Literature search was performed on PubMed, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) to identify eligible articles. The quality of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2.0. In the Meta-analysis, Risk ratios (RRs) of clinical maturation and ultrasonographic maturation were pooled from studies focused on post-operative exercise program; Mean difference (MD) of venous caliver was pooled from those studied pre-operative exercise. Nine studies (six for post-operative exercise; three for pre-operative exercise) were included in the review. Among the AVFs created in distal region (158 patients in exercise group and 144 patients in control group), there was a significantly superior clinical maturation (RR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.10–1.48, p = 0.001; I2 = 0), and ultrasonographic maturation (RR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.07–1.59, p = 0.009; I2 = 0) in the exercise group in comparison to the control group. For the AVFs created in proximal region (93 and 96 patients in exercise group and control group respectively), there is no significant difference in clinical maturation (RR:1.25, 95% CI: 0.88–1.78, p = 0.27, I2 = 74%) and ultrasonographic maturation (RR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.97–1.40, p = 0.11, I2 = 43%) between the exercise group and controls. For pre-operative exercise, the mean difference of 0.34 mm (95% CI: 0.23–0.46, p < 0.001, I2 = 87% ) was found for vein size. In conclusion, existing upper extremity exercise programs appear to be useful in facilitating maturation of AVFs created in distal region, while its effect on fistulas created in proximal region is less certain. However, more robust trials are warranted to establish these findings.
The wind of thinking
Authors: Zittoun Tania
Published: May 2022

The Life of the Mind (1978) opens with a reflection of thinking. By thinking, Hannah Arendt means our capacity to withdraw from the world so as to reflect about the meaning of things. Thinking is an activity with no results in itself: searching for meaning, it cannot reach a goal, as any meaning hence produced can only be questioned again. Thinking is made possible through imagination, and demands the use of language and metaphors. It also has to be part of a form of inner dialogue – a moment in which we become two-in-one. Hence, Arendt seems to define thinking as a dynamic, mediated dialogical process of meaning making. In this paper, I first situate Arendt’s reflection on thinking within her life work. I then present her main propositions: that thinking is not knowing; that it demands a form of withdrawal; that it implies imagination; that it is mediated by language and metaphors; that it is a form of inner dialogue; and that it escapes time. Finally, I examine some of the implications of this approach to thinking for contemporary cultural psychology.
Using Theoretical Models of Problematic Internet Use to Inform Psychological Formulation: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Tunney Conall , Rooney Brendan
Published: May 2022

Background

Empirical research has been produced on the topic of ‘Internet Addiction’ or ‘Problematic Internet Use’ (PIU) for more than 20 years, with a variety of theoretical approaches suggested by scholars to account for the behaviour. However, the discourse has been fraught with debate around construct definition, measurement, and validity.

Aims

This review aimed to systematically review the extant literature on the topic of PIU, to identify the published psychological theories in the area, and to synthesise the findings to produce actionable information for practicing psychologists as well as academics.

Method

Given the breadth of the aims, a scoping review methodology was utilised. Four major reference libraries (Scopus, Proquest, Pubmed, Technology Research Database) were searched using a string of relevant terms.

Results

Of 1412 initial search results, eighteen theories were included in the study. Nine theories related to generalised PIU, seven related to specific Internet use issues, such as online gaming or social media, while two theories took account of both a generalised and specific view. Data were analysed using Formulation-Based Thematic Analysis (FBTA) to synthesise theory elements under the deductive headings of Predisposing, Precipitating, Maintaining, and Protective factors.

Discussion

The lack of protective factors against PIU was a prominent finding. The utility of the psychological formulation approach, particularly in an area fraught with conceptual debate and frustration with traditional medical classification systems, is emphasised.
‘. . . It Makes Me Want to Shut Down, Cover Up’: Female Bartenders’ Use of Emotional Labour While Receiving Unwanted Sexual Attention at a Public House
Authors: Green James Frederick
Published: May 2022

This article seeks to provide a detailed account of emotional labour adopted by female bartenders when faced with unwanted sexual attention at work. In the field, I implemented an ethnographic research design and maximised opportunities for data collection through the use of interviews with eight participants and participant observations while employed at the same venue. Drawing on previous theoretical thought, the data gathered will outline the learnt, and most common, forms of display rules barstaff demonstrate while engaging with unwanted interactions, and, from the viewpoint of the female barstaff, the expected display rules envisioned by some male customers. I also detail the collapse of display rules during some unwanted scenarios (e.g. infrequent) and the inevitable impact of implementing emotional labour under the duress of unwanted encounters–emotional dissonance and burnout. I conclude with a suggestion that there is a potential for a multitude of display rules that are adopted by barstaff dependent on the customer interaction (e.g. aggressive, sickness due to intoxication) in a public house.
The transformation of selling for value co-creation: Antecedents and boundary conditions
Authors: Corsaro Daniela , Maggioni Isabella
Published: May 2022

The selling practice is facing an unprecedented process of change that is redefining the logic of value co-creation and disrupting the nature of B2B relationships across several industries. This phenomenon is well-known in managerial practice but under-investigated at a theoretical level. Sales literature aligns on acknowledging that selling and value co-creation unfold within broader service ecosystems. However, the changes occurring in sales have been predominantly studied by focusing on the single elements affecting them. Based on a qualitative study of 48 sales experts, this research draws on the service ecosystem theory to offer a holistic perspective of the factors driving the transformation of selling for value co-creation. The proposal from the study is that value co-creation through selling is a systemic and multi-actor phenomenon, including two antecedents: Hybridization of salespeople and Digital ecosystem empowerment, two boundary conditions: Multi-actor integration and Acceleration, and 23 sub-dimensions driving change in selling. The study also provides guidance for managerial practices, which is crucial due to the high failure rate of attempts at transforming sales.
A model for space-time threshold exceedances with an application to extreme rainfall
Authors: Bortot Paola , Gaetan Carlo
Published: May 2022

In extreme value studies, models for observations exceeding a fixed high threshold have the advantage of exploiting the available extremal information while avoiding bias from low values. In the context of space-time data, the challenge is to develop models for threshold exceedances that account for both spatial and temporal dependence. We address this issue through a modelling approach that embeds spatial dependence within a time series formulation. The model allows for different forms of limiting dependence in the spatial and temporal domains as the threshold level increases. In particular, temporal asymptotic independence is assumed, as this is often supported by empirical evidence, especially in environmental applications, while both asymptotic dependence and asymptotic independence are considered for the spatial domain. Inference from the observed exceedances is carried out through a combination of pairwise likelihood and a censoring mechanism. For those model specifications for which direct maximization of the censored pairwise likelihood is unfeasible, we propose an indirect inference procedure which leads to satisfactory results in a simulation study. The approach is applied to a dataset of rainfall amounts recorded over a set of weather stations in the North Brabant province of the Netherlands. The application shows that the range of extremal patterns that the model can cover is wide and that it has a competitive performance with respect to an alternative existing model for space-time threshold exceedances.
Transcending inequities in dementia care in Black communities: Lessons from the maximizing independence at home care coordination program
Authors: Sloan Danetta H , Johnston Deirdre , Fabius Chanee , Pyatt Tabitha , Antonsdottir Inga , Reuland Melissa , Spliedt Morgan , Samus Quincy M
Published: May 2022

Purpose

We examine care partners’ experience of the Maximizing Independence at Home (MIND) intervention, a multicomponent, home-based dementia care coordination program designed to provide high quality, wholistic care coordination for people and families living with dementia. The goal of the study was to understand 1. the unique dementia-related needs of Black care partners and barriers and challenges to caregiving experienced within the Black community, 2. perceived benefits of the MIND program, and 3. ways to improve the program and make it more culturally responsive to the Black community.

Method

We conducted three focus groups totaling 20 care partners of people living with dementia; who participated in the MIND intervention (2014–2019); all Black/African American and English speaking. Verbatim transcriptions were independently analyzed line-by-line by two coders using inductive approaches.

Findings

Participants noted three overarching themes related to dementia care needs and challenges in the Black community: difficulty finding and accessing dementia information and relevant services and supports; familial conflict/lack of sibling and familial support; and lack of effective communication about dementia within Black Communities. Regarding MIND at home program benefits, four themes emerged: 1. perceived to help locate resources (formal and informal); 2. provided care partners an opportunity for socialization and interaction; 3. included comprehensive assessments and helpful linked information; and 4. resulted in a “much needed break for care partners.” Increased diversity of the MIND program personnel, greater clarity and consistency in MIND program promotion, and better communications were themes for how the program could be improved.

Conclusion

Care partners participating in the MIND program perceived common benefits in aspects related to care for the persons living with dementia as well as benefits to themselves, believed the program addressed important challenges and gaps in education, services, and social support, and could be enhanced in its delivery and cultural responsiveness.
Damage quantification using transfer component analysis combined with Gaussian process regression
Authors: Omori Yano Marcus , da Silva Samuel , Figueiredo Eloi , Giacon Villani Luis G
Published: May 2022

Machine learning methods used in Structural Health Monitoring applications still have generalization difficulties among structures, even when structures are nominally and topologically similar. The data sets present divergences between their probability distributions that do not allow the model’s generalization for damage detection. This issue is even more complex in situations where one wants to quantify damage levels through data sets collected from different structures. Transfer learning methods offer a solution to overcome those limitations, using relevant information from a labeled structure (source domain) to assist the analysis of another structure (target domain) under unknown conditions. Therefore, this paper proposes the use of transfer component analysis to mitigate divergences between the model/structure’s features, and the label consistency requirement is applied in combination with a Gaussian process regression model for damage quantification. The effectiveness of the estimated model improves when the labels consistency between domains is achieved, indicating the current damage level in the structure when the regression model achieves its best performance (lowest error). The proposed methodology is applied on the benchmark data of a three-story building structure from the Los Alamos National Laboratory using the knowledge from its numerical model under several conditions, where the complete information of its behavior is available. The results compare the analysis in the original space and after applying the proposed methodology, demonstrating an improvement of the performance in the damage detection and quantification steps.
Biochemical Toxic Response of Phosphine on Human Health Estimated From Enzymatic Variance in Trogoderma granarium
Authors: Naeem Asma , Qureshi Asma Waheed , Arshad Shafia , Shehzadi Anila , Kamran Asim , Noreen Shehla
Published: May 2022

The primary purpose of the current study was to study the possible pernicious effects of phosphine gas on enzyme activity alterations in Trogoderma granarium to determine its harmfulness to human beings after its prolonged exposure and intake. The saline extract of the adult Khapra beetle was biochemically analyzed at different doses, that is, from 10ppm to 30ppm, to accurately evaluate the effects of various phosphine concentrations (LC30 and LC50) on 2 distinct strains of this insect pest gathered from different godowns of Pakistan as resistant (Chitral [Chi], Haroon Abad [Hbd], and Lahore [Lhr]) and susceptible (Faqeer wali [Fqw], Khanewal [Khw], and Rawalpindi [Rwp]) populations. Our experimental results suggest that the enzyme levels (AcP, AkP, ALAT, ASAT, LDH, and ICDH) seemed to be elevated with increasing dosage of phosphine from 10ppm to 30ppm in the resistant populace of the susceptible ones. It also illustrates that phosphine and its residues can inhibit the workability of certain enzymes that are vital for respiration and neuro reactions in hexapods and mammals. It has detrimental effects of phosphine on human health profile to consume stored food products containing such tenacious enemies.
Exemplary Directors, European Imports, and the Changing Valuation of Films in Hollywood, 1961–1980
Authors: Dekker Erwin , Gradoz Julien
Published: May 2022

This article utilizes a novel empirical strategy, the study of exemplars, to investigate the transformation of quality conventions in the film industry during the 1960s and 1970s. Exemplars are films or directors which are used as a reference point (focal points) in the evaluation of other movies or directors. We use an original dataset of movie reviews to examine the changing quality conventions and demonstrate that during the investigated period, movies are increasingly treated as singular artistic products. This shift, around the rise of auteur theory and New Hollywood, has been analyzed by others but we provide a more fine-grained analysis of the transformation and are able to demonstrate the neglected importance of cultural trade: the import of European films. We provide evidence that these changes lead to a period of increased quality uncertainty, before a new quality regime becomes established. We explore how such qualitative changes in the market could impact industrial organization and product differentiation in the movie industry, and demonstrate how the analysis of such qualitative changes can complement existing quantitative studies of the movie industry and the determinants of film success, both economically and artistically.
Intensive care clincians’ information acquisition during the first wave of the Covid 19 pandemic
Authors: Sawyer Isabella , Harden Jeni , Baruah Rosaleen
Published: May 2022

Introduction

The global pandemic caused by novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to an unprecedented demand on critical care resources. The United Kingdom experienced its ‘first wave’ of Coronavirus–19 (Covid-19) disease in Spring 2020. Critical care units had to make major changes to their working practices in a short space of time and faced multiple challenges in doing so, including the challenge of caring for patients in multiple organ failure secondary to Covid-19 infection in the absence of an established evidence base of best practice. We undertook a qualitative investigation of the personal and professional challenges faced by critical care consultants in one Scottish health board in acquiring and evaluating information to guide clinical decision making during the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Methods

Critical care consultants in NHS Lothian working in critical care from March to May 2020 were eligible to participate in the study. Participants were invited to take part in a one-to-one semi structured interview conducted using Microsoft Teams videoconferencing software. Reflexive thematic analysis was used as the method for data analysis using qualitative research methodology informed by a subtle realist position.

Results

Analysis of the interview data generated the following themes: The Knowledge Gap; Trust in Information; and Implications for Practice. Illustrative quotes are presented in the text and thematic tables.

Discussion

This study explored the experiences of critical care consultant physicians in acquiring and evaluating information to guide clinical decision making during the first wave of the SARS CoV2 pandemic. This study revealed that clinicians were profoundly affected by the pandemic and the ways in which it changed how they could access information to guide clinical decision making. The paucity of reliable information on SARS-CoV-2 posed a significant threat to the clinical confidence of participants. Two strategies were adopted to ease mounting pressures – an organised approach to data collection and the establishment of a local community of collaborative decision-making. These findings contribute to the wider literature by describing health care professionals’ experiences in unprecedented times and could inform recommendations for future clinical practice. This could include governance around responsible information sharing in professional instant messaging groups, and medical journal guidelines on suspension of usual peer review and other quality assurance processes during pandemics.