bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Culture as a paradigm of regeneration in shrinking cities: Readings from the Oscar Niemeyer International Cultural Center in Avilés (Spain)
Authors: Mañá Fernando Falomir , Salcedo Rosio Fernández Baca
Published: December 2020

The Oscar Niemeyer International Cultural Center (2008-2011), a work signed by the Brazilian master of architecture in his last creation period, is the symbol chosen for the regeneration of Avilés (Spain), a shrinking city associated from the fifties of the last century to an industrialization model now in decline. To understand the relations established between the architectural work and the medieval city of Avilés, we will use the dialogical method based on the theoretical and philosophical foundation of Bakhtin, Ricoeur, Muntañola and Rapoport. The objective of this work is the analysis of the readings and the social use of the text, from the interviews with a varied representation of the people who make up the city of Avilés. As a synthesis of the results, the refiguration of the work and the readings establish the acceptance by citizens and representatives of a new cultural landscape - still with its unfinished ambience - capable of updating the context of the city in terms of modernity versus tradition, establishing the beginning of the regeneration of the estuary for recreational activities and a new opportunity for the entire region.
Trends in green infrastructure studies in Brazil
Authors: Santos Maria Fernanda Nóbrega dos , Enokibara Marta , Fontes Maria Solange Gurgel de Castro
Published: December 2020

Due to the relevance that green infrastructure (GI) subject has reached in recent years, as an interdisciplinary research topic within urban planning, the present study addresses a literature review on the subject in Brazil. The study aimed to present an overview of the main research trends in GI, based on the analysis of the keywords used on the papers published in indexed Brazilian journals. The research scope included papers published until the year of 2018 with GI (and its variations) as a keyword. The research was carried out on Google Scholar and 64 papers were identified. As results, 295 keywords were employed in the papers and 168 different terms were classified. The most used keywords in association with GI were: “sustentabilidade” [sustainability], “desenho ambiental” [environmental design], “drenagem urbana” [urban drainage], “ecologia urbana” [urban ecology], and “paisagem urbana” [urban landscape]. Regarding the papers’ focus, most can be classified as case studies: design and guidelines proposed for new and renewal areas, as well as the analysis of already build projects. The topic “drenagem urbana” [urban drainage] stands out as a cross-sectional research area, related to the other main themes within GI. On the other hand, the topic “paisagem urbana” [urban landscape] can be considered a more delimited research area. Furthermore, it is expected that through this overview, the present study can contribute to future publications within GI, in order to support the authors to choose the keywords that best communicate with their target audience.
Precariety of basic sanitation and the presence of the african snail (Achatina Fulica Bowdich, 1822) in the city of Manaus / AM-Brasil
Authors: Souza Michael Guimarães de , Lachi Ana Mara Cruz , Albuquerque Adoréa Rebello da Cunha
Published: December 2020

The African snail (Achatina fulica) represents a serious risk to public health as it is a vector of disease such as eosinophilic meningitis. This mollusk has become abundant in urban environments, where its habitat is the areas located around rivers and vacant lots. Due to this context, it was the main objective of the present research, the identification of the areas of occurrence of the African snail in face of the precarious situation of sanitation in Manaus. The methodology was worked through field surveys, georeferencing and use of the database of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The results show that in the 126 areas mapped with the presence of the African snail, 119 census tracts are marked by the existence of untreated sewage and inadequate destination. In these sectors, the highest population density of the species was noted. The precarious situation of sanitation in the capital of Amazonas, shows that only 12.3% of the population receives sewage collection service, and the scarcity of sewage services becomes the main factor in favoring the spread of African snails in Manaus.
Landscape planning of the city of Cuiabá - MT: Case study of urbanized green areas in the Westside
Authors: Benini Sandra Medina
Published: December 2020

This research aimed to carry out an analysis of the quality of Urbanized Green Public Areas (AVPUs), such as squares, gardens and urban parks, which are intended for leisure and recreation in the contemporary city. As the focus of the study, the west area of the city of Cuiabá-MT was chosen. For the development of this qualitative research, methodological procedures were adopted that were based on a logical investigation, divided into three phases: open or exploratory, data collection and analysis and systematic interpretation of data. As a result, it was found that there is a lack not only in the amount of public spaces intended for leisure and recreation, as well as the quality of AVPUs that were found, which shows the absence of public policies aimed at the population.
Representations of Human Development and Inequalities in Brazil based on Atlas Brasil Indicators and Indexes
Authors: Alves Lidiane Aparecida
Published: December 2020

This article aims to reflect on the indicators and indices of the Atlas of Human Development in Brazil - Atlas Brasil, as an instrument for the knowledge of reality. In order to achieve this objective, a bibliographical survey was carried out on the theme, covering the international and national scales, in addition to the information provided by Atlas Brasil. It is noteworthy that by making available to all citizens on an interactive platform, easy to access and understand, Atlas Brasil is an important instrument to be suitable for promotion and monitoring, from national to local scale, of human development in the country. Due to the autonomy of Brazilian municipalities to achieve their public policies / services, the knowledge of intra-municipal heterogeneities, which affect development, for example, on the scale of “neighborhoods”, is useful to intervene in priority areas more precisely. This is already possible for metropolitan regions, perhaps soon for all Brazilian municipalities. Furthermore, the importance of providing and using information is ratified to increase people's choice and freedom to transform the reality in which they live.
Analytical reflection on tenement studies in the city of São Paulo
Authors: Albuquerque Lui Marcos Venancio Cavalcanti de , Cymbalista Renato
Published: December 2020

The tenements, since the 19th century and until currently, 2020, are an alternative housing for the most vulnerable population who cannot afford to pay for better housing. In this article we will review the literature with bibliometric analysis of what has been published that is most significant with a focus on the city of São Paulo. The research was carried out in the main academic document bases available for public access and free of charge, Google Scholar, Scielo and Directory of Open Access Journals and includes doctoral thesis, master's dissertations, undergraduate monographs, graduate conclusion works, scientific articles and publications. When analyzing the production in the tenements, we divided it into three main categories: the tenement as a complaint; the tenement as a potential; and the tenement as a reality. Of the forty-nine in the scientific literature, 57% fall into the complaint category, 30% into the potentiality category and 12% into the reality category. This subject has been studied by different lines in courses from the most varied areas of knowledge, passing through architecture with more than 51% of scientific literature, and passing through engineering, geography, sociology and even philosophy, showing its interdisciplinary nature. From the analysis and the observed gaps, we present possible directions for future research.
Motor Skills in Physical Fitness Structure of 8-Year-Old Girls
Authors: Shevchenko Taisiia , Khudolii Oleg , Potop Vladimir
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the study was to determine the priority of motor skills in the motor fitness structure of 8-year-old girls.  Materials and methods. The study participants were 40 8-year-old girls. The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The study used the following research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, testing of motor fitness, probabilistic approach to assessing the learning process, methods of mathematical statistics. In the experiment, the study controlled the level of proficiency in the following exercises: “Shoulder stand”, “Bridge from supine position”, “One leg swing upward circle”. Results. The level of fitness of the 8-year-old girls is homogeneous by the development of “agility”, “movement coordination”, “speed strength”, and “endurance”; inhomogeneous – by the development of flexibility, arm strength, vestibular stability, and the level of proficiency.  The most informative indicators that determine the level of the 8-year-old girls’ motor fitness are: No. 14 “One leg swing upward circle, level of proficiency” (r = 0.890); No. 7 “Mixed hang rope pull-ups, times” (r = 0.889); No. 13 “Bridge from supine position, level of proficiency” (r = 0.842). Conclusions. Based on factor analysis, it was found that the level of proficiency in exercises influences the variation of testing results, and the development of motor skills is a priority in the educational process at primary school. The level of proficiency in the exercises “Shoulder stand” and “One leg swing upward circle” shows that the exercises are difficult for 8-year-old girls to perform. Based on the data analysis, it can be argued that the comprehensive development of motor abilities ensures the formation of motor skills, and the improvement of the level of development of 8-year-old girls’ arm flexors and vestibular stability will positively influence the educational process effectiveness.
Control and Assessment of 7-Year-Old Boys’ Coordination Abilities at the Initial Training Stage in Kyokushin Karate
Authors: Marchenko Svitlana , Bezpalko Diana
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the study was to provide a qualitative assessment of coordination abilities development in 7-year-old boys based on the results of comprehensive control.

Materials and methods. The study involved 30 7-year-old boys. The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The following research methods were used to solve the tasks set: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical testing, and methods of mathematical statistics for research results processing.

Results. To assess the closeness of interrelation between the parameters, the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated. The Spearman – Brown formula was used to determine the overall reliability (homogeneity) of the test. The study tried out tests that take into account the specific qualities necessary for karate. Their informativity and reliability were revealed. They can be recommended for control of various relatively independent types of coordination abilities of 7-year-old boys who do karate. Nine-point scales for assessing test results were developed.

Conclusions. The tests we have tried out, which take into account the specific qualities necessary for karate, are logically and empirically informative and reliable. They can be included in the “Kyokushin Karate” programs for 7-year-old boys at the initial training stage.
How to Believe Faithfully and Firmly?
Authors: Butakov Pavel
Published: December 2020

Religious people are expected to believe in their religious creeds faithfully and firmly. How can one acquire such a belief? In order to answer that question, I propose a model for all belief-like propositional attitudes. The model differentiates, firstly, between voluntary and involuntary, and, secondly, between categorical and quantitative belief-like attitudes. The whole variety of belief-like attitudes is then reduced into two main groups. The first group combines all voluntary and categorical attitudes, and the second group combines all involuntary and quantitative attitudes. The resultant first-group attitude is called “judgment,” and the second-group attitude — “confidence.” Thus, judgment is the generic voluntary categorical propositional attitude, which can have only two values: “true” or “false.” Confidence is the generic involuntary quantitative attitude, which can have any value between “certainly false” and “certainly true.” A religious person can form the creedal judgment simply by her act of will, while her confidence depends upon the actual content of her doxastic system. However, a person can indirectly increase her confidence in the creedal statement via relevant factors that control her doxastic system. Such factors include corroboration, desirability, and ethicality of the proposition, and also its centrality and entrenchment in the doxastic system. I suggest several practical guidelines for increasing the relevant factors. I claim that the suggested model and the practical guidelines for acquiring the “faithful and firm belief” can be used not only within the religious context but can also be applied to any propositional beliefs.
Zihin Haritası Tekniğinin Öğrencilerin Akademik Başarı ve Fen Tutumları Üzerine Etkisi: Mayoz ve Mitoz
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Faruk , BEKERECİ Üzeyir , HAMZAOĞLU Ergin
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı fen bilimleri dersi, 7. sınıf mayoz ve mitoz bölünme konularında uygulanan zihin haritası tekniğinin öğrencilerin akademik başarı ile fen tutumları üzerine etkisini araştırmak ve öğrencilerin zihin haritası tekniği ile ilgili düşüncelerini açığa çıkarmaktır. Araştırma 2017-2018 eğitim öğretim yılında Kahramanmaraş İli merkez ilçesinde bulunan bir kamu ortaokulunda yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada ön test son test kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Kontrol grubunda mevcut program, deney grubuna ise zihin haritası tekniğiyle desteklenmiş mevcut program ile dersler işlenmiştir. Uygulama öncesi deney ve kontrol grubuna ön test ve son test olarak akademik başarı testi ve fen tutum ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Uygulama sonucunda zihin haritası tekniğinin öğrencilerin akademik başarılarını ve fene yönelik tutumlarını olumlu etkilediği, öğrencilerin zihin haritasına yönelik duygu ve düşüncelerinin büyük bir kısmının olumlu olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
FeTeMM Eğitiminin Akademik Başarıya Etkisini İnceleyen Çalışmaların Meta-Analizi
Authors: AYVERDİ Leyla , ÖZ AYDIN Serap
Published: December 2020

FeTeMM yaklaşımı, fen, teknoloji, mühendislik ve matematik disiplinlerinin birlikte öğretimine dayanan bütünleşik bir yaklaşımdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, FeTeMM yaklaşımının akademik başarıya etkisini araştıran çalışmanın sonuçlarını sentezlemek, bu çalışmalarda elde edilen etki büyüklüklerini öğretim düzeyine (ilkokul, ortaokul, lise ve üniversite) göre ve yurtiçi-yurtdışı çalışma olma durumlarına göre karşılaştırmaktır. Çalışmada meta-analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada 2012-2018 yılları arasında FeTeMM eğitiminin akademik başarıya etkisinin araştırıldığı 38 çalışma incelenmiştir. Etki büyüklüklerinin -0.107 ile 10.567 arasında değiştiği görülmüştür. Çalışmada incelenen araştırmalarda, ilkokul düzeyinde yapılan çalışmaların etki büyüklüğünün küçük olduğu ve ilkokul grubu ile yapılan çalışmaların daha çok yurtdışında yapıldığı belirlenmiştir. Ortaokul ve lise düzeyindeki çalışmalarda hem geniş hem de küçük etki büyüklükleri ile karşılaşılmasına rağmen, orta etki büyüklüğünün az olduğu, üniversite düzeyindeki çalışmaların ise orta ve geniş etki büyüklüklerine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Özellikle ilkokul düzeyinde ülkemizde yapılan çalışmaların sayısı az olduğundan, bu eğitim kademesinde yapılacak çalışmalar alan yazına katkı sağlayabilir.
Öğretmen Adaylarının STEM Farkındalıkları ile STEM Uygulamalarına İlişkin Özyeterlik İnançları Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: ER Kemal Oğuz , ACAR Derya
Published: December 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı, “öğretmen adaylarının STEM uygulamalarına ilişkin özyeterlik inaçlarını, farkındalıklarını ve özyeterlik inançları ile farkındalıkları arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek”tir. Araştırmanın örneklemini, 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında Balıkesir Üniversitesi Necatibey Eğitim Fakültesinin Fen bilimleri öğretmenliği ve Matematik öğretmenliği bölümlerinde öğrenim gören 1.,2.,3. ve 4. sınıf öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Bu araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden korelasyon araştırma modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında öğretmen adaylarının STEM farkındalık düzeylerinin “iyi” düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Öğretmen adaylarının STEM uygulamaları özyeterlik inanç düzeylerinin orta düzeyde olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Öğretmen adaylarının STEM farkındalıkları genel ortalamaları ile STEM uygulamalarına ilişkin özyeterlik puanları arasında orta düzeyde ilişki vardır. Öğretmen adaylarının STEM’e yönelik farkındalıkları, STEM uygulamalarına ilişkin özyeterliklerinin anlamlı bir yordayıcısıdır.
Solving the four index fully fuzzy transportation problem
Authors: Hedid Manal , Zitouni Rachid
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we will solve the four index fully fuzzy transportation problem (\textit{FFTP$_{4}$}) with some adapted classical methods. All problem's data will be presented as fuzzy numbers. In order to defuzificate these data, we will use the ranking function procedure. Our method to solve the \textit{FFTP$_{4}$} composed of two phases; in the first one, we will use an adaptation of well-known algorithms to find an initial feasible solution, which are the least cost, Russell's approximation and Vogel's approximation methods. In the second phase, we will test the optimality of the initial solution, if it is not optimal, we will improve it. A numerical analysis of the proposed methods is performed by solving different examples of different sizes; it is determined that they are stable, robust, and efficient. A proper comparative study between the adapted methods identifies the suitable method for solving \textit{FFTP$_{4}$}.
Trade-offs analysis of sustainability dimensions using integer-valued data envelopment analysis
Authors: Sayyad Noveiri Monireh Jahani , Kordrostami Sohrab
Published: December 2020

Conducting an in-depth exploration of trade-offs between sustainability aspects is a notable matter of taking decisions. Furthermore, there are many real world investigations that trade-offs and sustainability should be dealt with in the presence of desirable and undesirable materials while some of them accept integer amounts. Therefore, this study addresses trade-offs of sustainability dimensions when undesirable and integer-valued measures are presented. For this purpose, approaches based upon data envelopment analysis (DEA) are proposed. To explain, DEA models are introduced to calculate individual and group marginal rates of substitution and also directional marginal rates of substitution when integer and undesirable variables are observed. These procedures are applied to calculate trade-offs between different sustainability dimensions, including economic, environmental and social ones. The applications of ports and industrial parks are provided to clarify the approaches appeared in this study. The results derived from the proposed strategies show the usefulness and validity of them.
Different convergence rates of new EU member states: Panel data analysis of the causes
Authors: Viskovic Josip , Burnac Pasko , Ramljak Ivan
Published: December 2020

This paper, using panel data analysis, tries to identify factors regarding the different convergence rates of CESEE EU member countries’ real income between 2002 and 2018. Stylized convergence facts are identified and the drivers of economic growth based on production function, i.e. the accumulation of labour and capital and total factor productivity (TFP) growth have been analysed. Moreover, paper takes into account other variables that have been recognized as growth determining factors - trade openness, FDI, labour market and integration level, as well as TFP determining factors - institutional quality, innovation and human capital. Based on the research results trade openness and gross capital formation have been identified as key factors regarding real income growth of analysed countries. Also, it has been confirmed that growth of CESEE countries is strongly affected by the growth of Eurozone. Finally, the authors’ conclusion is that several CESEE countries are facing institutional convergence challenges.
VOLODYMYR-VOLYNSKYIDISTRICT OF VOLYN OBLAST: TOURIST AND RECREATIONAL RESOURCES OF THE BORDERAREA
Authors: Karpiuk Z. , Antypiuk O. , Kacharovskyi R.
Published: December 2020

The article shows that the growing role of local governments provides a rationale for effective regional programs for the development of natural and economic territorial systems, so it is necessary to conduct in-depth historical and geographical research, inventory of resources, determine its uniqueness for optimal location of major economic activities and preservation of the natural environment. It is substantiated that cross-border cooperation promotes the effective use of the potential of cross-border territories for wider cooperation, promotion of good neighborly relations, improving the ability to attract foreign investment. The analysis of spatial differentiation of natural, historical-cultural, social-economic tourist- recreational resources of the border district of Volyn oblast was performed. It is proved that preserved natural complexes: a combination of lakes, forests, dense hydrographic network, diversity of plant communities, faunal richness, favorable ecological situation, variety of architectural objects, including urban complexes of ancient cities, sacred objects of many religions, preserved traditions, features of local color, determine the unique nature of the Volyn border, create favorable conditions for the development of international and domestic tourism. As a result of systematization and generalization of results of geographical researches created a map of available tourist and recreational resources of the area. Taking into account the available conditions and resources of the territory, the most expedient types of tourism in the district have been identified: excursion, ecological, green, agritourism, religious, pilgrimage, ethnographic, for restore strength on nature, which are in demand among wealthy middle-class, what provides an opportunity to get acquainted with historical monuments, folklore, traditional crafts, and handicrafts.
Vladimir Ze’ev Jabotinsky’nin Demir Duvar Doktrinini Anlamak
Authors: Balpınar Zafer
Published: December 2020

Siyonist Hareket’in amacı, yurtsuz bir halka halksız bir toprak olarak kabul ettikleri Filistin’de bir Yahudi yurdu kurmaktı. Yahudilerin Filistin’de devletleşme isteği arttıkça karşılarındaki yerel halkın buna direnci yükseldi. Filistin coğrafyasının geleceğinde bir Yahudi devletinin yer alması için iki toplum arasındaki ilişki biçimini yönetecek bir modele ihtiyaç vardı. Siyonizm’in değişik formları doğrultusunda farklı modeller ileri sürüldü. Bu çalışma Vladimir Ze’ev Jabotinsky tarafından ileri sürülen Demir Duvar Doktrini bağlamında onun soruna bakış şeklini ve getirdiği çözüm yaklaşımını ele almaktadır. Bu doktrin Filistin’deki Yahudi radikal kesimlerinde karşılık ve hayat bulduktan sonra Revizyonist Siyonizm bağlamında etkisini sürdürmüştür. Bu nedenle İsrail’in Filistinlilerle olan sorununa yaklaşımını yorumlayabilmek için önemli zeminlerden biridir. Çalışmanın amacı Jabotinsky’nin görüşlerinin açığa çıkarılması suretiyle bir analiz çerçevesi oluşturulmasıdır. Ancak bu çerçevenin soruna uygulanması ve yorumlanması İsrail’in siyasi tarihinde okuyucu tarafından ele alınan konu ve zaman dilimi özelinde okuyucuya bırakılmaktadır. Çalışmada Jabotinsky’nin Filistin’de bir Yahudi yurduna ilişkin yaklaşımı, Araplara bakışı ve Yahudi askerî gücüne dair yaklaşımı tanımlayıcı başlıklar olarak kullanılmıştır.
Füze Teknolojisi Kontrol Rejimi: ABD Merkezli Hegemonik Bir Yapıdan Normatif Bir Yapıya Geçişin Önemi
Authors: Alım Eray
Published: December 2020

Füze Teknolojisi Kontrol Rejimi (FTKR), füze ve kitle imha silahı tehdidini önlemede başat girişimlerden biridir. Bu oluşumun taşıyıcı gücü ise ABD’dir. Bu ülke, yaptırım baskısıyla Rusya, Hindistan ve Brezilya dâhil birçok farklı ülkenin FTKR kaidelerine uygun davranmasını sağlayabilmiştir. Bu hususa rağmen, belirli anlarda ABD’nin FTKR kaidelerini bizzat kendisinin ihlal etmesi, hegemonik güçlerin kuralları çiğnemenin yaratacağı itibar kaybına aldırmaksızın kendi çıkarlarını ön plana alabildiklerini göstermektedir. Kitle imha silahı ve füze tehdidinin daha etkili bir şekilde önlenmesi için ise FTKR’nin ABD merkezli bir “seçkinler kulübü” imajından kurtulması gerekmektedir. Bu oluşumun ABD merkezlilikten kurtulması, kendi kurumsal yapısı dâhilinde bir kontrol ve yaptırım mekanizmasına sahip olmasını gerekli kılmaktadır. Kurumsallaşmanın güçlendirilmesine eş zamanlı şekilde, FTKR kapsamında devletlerin füze tehdidine dair norm ve prensipleri içselleştirmeleri ve bu minvalde normatif bir dönüşüm geçirmeleri sağlanmalıdır. Bu çalışmada vurgulandığı üzere, FTKR’nin meşruiyeti ve etkinliği için ABD merkezli faydacı-hegemonik bir yapıdan normatif bir yapıya geçiş büyük önem arz etmektedir.
Bölgesel Güvenlik Kompleksi Teorisi Kapsamında Somali ve Afrika Boynuzu’nun Güvenliği; Aktörler, Tehditler ve Riskler
Authors: Şahin Güngör
Published: December 2020

Afrika Boynuzu ve Somali; Soğuk Savaş sonrasından günümüze iç savaş, terörizm, deniz haydutluğu, klan/kabile sorunu, kuraklık ve kıtlık gibi konular ile dünya gündemini meşgul etmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, Bölgesel Güvenlik Kompleksi Teorisi kapsamında uluslararası deniz ticaretinin ana güzergâhlarından Aden Körfezi’ni kontrol eden Somali ve Afrika Boynuzu’ndaki güvenlik sorunlarının sebeplerini, bölge ülkelerinin ve uluslararası aktörlerin sorunlar karşısındaki rollerini incelemektir. Belirli bir coğrafi bölgedeki devletlerin aralarındaki tarihsel dostluk ve düşmanlıktan kaynaklı bölgesel güç dengesini korumaya yönelik faaliyetler sonucu ortaya çıkan bölgesel krizlerin, küresel krizlere evrilme potansiyeli bulunmaktadır. Çalışma, bölgesel sorunlar karşısında, bölgesel ve uluslararası aktörlerin farklı insiyatifler alarak geliştirdikleri kapsamlı güvenlik yaklaşımının anlaşılması açısından önem arz etmektedir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden içerik analizi kullanılarak bölge sorunlarının kaynağının kavramsal ve kuramsal çerçevesinin oluşturulması, son dönemlerde bölgeye daha yakından ilgi göstermeye başlayan Türkiye gibi ülkeler ve uluslararası kuruluşların bölgenin güvenlik sorunlarını doğru tanımlaması, gelecekteki olası tehdit ve risklerin bertaraf edilmesi için gerekli görülmektedir.
Modern Terörizmin Beşinci Dalgası: Devletlerin Uluslararası Terörist Örgütlerle İş Birliğinin Sebepleri ve Sonuçları
Authors: Biçer Rüştü Salim Savaş
Published: December 2020

David Rapoport 2004 yılında yazdığı makalesinde, uluslararası terör hareketlerinin tarihsel süreç içerisinde dalgalar halindeki gelişimini incelemiş, teorik ve kavramsal olarak terörizmin uluslararası ilişkiler açısından ne anlama geldiğini açıklamıştır. Günümüzde uluslararası terörizmin geldiği noktada yeni bir terörizm dalgası, uluslararası ilişkiler alanının anarşik yapısında devletlerin ulusal çıkarları uğruna terörizmi kullandığı, terörist örgütler ve gruplarla iş birliğini savaşın farklı bir uygulama biçimi olarak meşrulaştırma gayretine girdiği bir süreci ifade etmektedir. Bu makalede, hibrit savaş yöntemleri ile başlayan, terör örgütlerinin devletler tarafından ortaklar olarak adlandırılarak açıkça desteklendiği hatta silahlandırıldığı sürecin sebep ve muhtemel sonuçları incelenecektir. Modern terörizmin dört dalgasından sonra beşinci bir dalga olarak devletlerin ulusal çıkarları uğruna terör örgütleri ve teröristlerle açık olarak iş birliği yapmaları ve terörü genel savaş dışında bir çatışma biçimi olarak uygulamaları, uluslararası terörle mücadelenin uluslararası iş birliği içerisinde sürdürülmesinin karşısındaki en büyük engel olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Daha önce Beşinci Dalga olarak öne sürülen terör hareketlerinin aslında Rapoport’un tanımladığı ilk dört terör dalgası içerisinde mütalaa edilebileceği, ancak devletlerin terör örgütleri vasıtasıyla ulusal çıkarlarını koruma gayreti içerisine girdiği sürecin gerçek bir yeni terör dalgası olduğu değerlendirilmektedir.
The Use of Floating Solar Panels in Hot Regions Such as Iraq to Benefit in Cooling the Panels and Increasing Their Efficiency
Authors: Ahmed Z. Abass, D.A Pavlyuchenko
Published: December 2020

The operating of photovoltaic panels (PV) comes with a serious contradiction. This system of solar PV panels prefers high radiation to generate electricity, but when rising their operating temperature by negative effects on their efficiency. Thus, one of the major working barriers for PV panels is overheating because of surplus solar irradiation. To get rid of the problem of overheating of the panels, we propose a new design that floats on the surface of the water floating photovoltaic panels (FPV) to take advantage of the nature of water in heat transfer, thus cooling the panels and raising the efficiency of the panels. For the purpose of this study, we proposed one of the regions of central Iraq, namely the Marsh Al-Dalmach, which is located in Wasit province, and it is one of the areas rich in solar radiation (2150 kWh/m2/year) and the length of daylight hours more 4000 operating hours during the year. After conducting a survey around the area and collecting the necessary data for use in programs such as Homer and Matlab, great results were obtained, as this design of the stations contributes to reducing temperatures and raising the efficiency of the panels from 15% to 24%.
Determination of order parameter and birefringence depending on temperature of nematic calamitic mesophase formed by TTAB + water binary system using polarized microscopy
Authors: YAVUZ Aykut Evren
Published: December 2020

In the present study, the temperature-dependent optical transmittances of lyotropic nematic calamitic mesophase formed by TTAB-water binary system were measured for certain wavelengths under polarized microscopy to obtain macroscopic order parameter with birefringence. Because birefringence in lyotropics is quite small (order of 10-3), it is very difficult to make sensitive measurements of birefringence and to obtain order parameter. The study easily achieved the order parameter depending on temperature for different wavelengths only using polarized microscopy. Therefore, the parameter could be more easily determined in liquid crystal application and the physical properties of liquid crystals, especially for lyotropics, can be better understood.
Pain and Anxiety Levels Using Conventional versus Computer-Controlled Local Anesthetic Systems in Pediatric Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pozos-Guillén Amaury , Loredo-Cruz Edith , Esparza-Villalpando Vicente , Martínez-Rider Ricardo , Noyola-Frías Miguel , Garrocho-Rangel Arturo
Published: December 2020

The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the pain/anxiety levels associated with the anesthetic process by conventional and computer-controlled delivery systems (CCDS) in children. Four electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Dentistry & Oral Science Source/EBSCO) were comprehensively explored for eligible studies, in English or Spanish, published from January 1995 to December 2019. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis were conducted according to the PRISMA statement, including only randomized controlled clinical trials. An exhaustive search was performed in different electronic databases under a specific PICO-posed question. Relevant studies were selected based on titles and abstracts, and the full texts were retrieved. From these articles, important information was extracted. Wand demonstrated significantly lower pain than the conventional injection did. In the subgroup by pain scale analysis, the Facial Image Scale and Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale showed a significant difference in favor of the CCDS. In general, the reviewed evidence shows that less perceived pain and anxiety occur when the local anesthetic technique is performed with a CCDS than with the traditional technique.
Surface Roughness on the Slots and Wings of Various Ceramic Self-Ligating Brackets and their Potential Concern on Biofilm Formation
Authors: Park Ki-Ho , Han Se Jik , Choi Samjin , Kim Kyung Sook , Park Steven , Park Jae Hyun
Published: December 2020

Objective: The surface roughness of various orthodontic materials could affect biofilm formation and friction. The purpose of this study was to examine the surface roughness and chemical composition of the slots and wings of several ceramic self-ligating brackets. Study design: Four types of ceramic self-ligating brackets were separated into experimental groups (DC, EC, IC, and QK) while a metal self-ligating bracket (EM) was used as the control group. Atomic force microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscope were used to examine the surface roughness and chemical composition of each bracket slot and wing. Results: The control group was made of ferrum and chrome while all the experimental groups were comprised of aluminum and oxide. There was a statistically significant difference in the roughness average (Sa) among the various self-ligating brackets (p< 0.001 in slots and p<0.01 in the wing). The slots in the EC group had the lowest Sa, followed by the DC, IC, control, and QK groups. The wings in the IC group had the lowest Sa, followed by the EC, DC, control, and QK groups. Conclusions: There is a significant difference in the surface roughness of the slots and wings among several types of ceramic self-ligating brackets.
One-Sided and Incomplete Investigation of the Circumstances of the Case in Adversarial Criminal Proceedings
Authors: Perova E. A.
Published: December 2020

Art. 389.15 of the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation contains a closed list of grounds for reversing or altering court rulings. The one-sidedness and incompleteness of the investigation of the factual circumstances of the criminal case is not indicated as one of such grounds. A one-sided or incomplete investigation of the factual circumstances of the case taken place in the course of criminal proceedings can influence the justness of the sentence. This conclusion follows from the analysis of the court practice formed after the 2013 reform. One of the goals of this reform was to obtain a “definitive judgment” upon completion of the appeal. Despite this, during the implementation of the reform, Article 389.15 of the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation, which establishes the list of grounds for reversing or altering court rulings, was not brought into line with the objectives of the reform. The law does not provide for such a ground as an incorrect investigation by the court of the factual circumstances of the criminal case, despite the numerous facts of revealing this violation by the courts of controlling authority.
Technological Systems and Economy: a Heterodox Approach and Institutional Framework
Authors:   Ural State University of Economics, Orekhova Svetlana V. , Evseeva Marina V. ,   Ural State University of Economics
Published: December 2020

Technologies determine the level of innovative development and economic growth. The article studies a methodological platform for a new unit of analysis in economic science such technological system. This phenomenon involves the research program, the study of the specifics and features this mesolevel pattern. The methodological basis of the research includes Neoclassical and Neoinstitutional Economic theories, Strategic Management and Complexity Economic. The research program we apply a Heterodox approach as a set of the Contract theory, Evolutionary theory, Complexity Economic and Platform ecosystems. The authors define a technological system as an economic meso-level pattern that coordinate actions and knowledge about system and component technologies and functioning through the quasi-self-enforcing contracts based on standards and independent of property rights. Any meso-level pattern that has technological and institutional identity is a technological system. The types of technological systems in the economy are highlighted on the basis of the consolidated classification “blurring of the bundle of property rights to technology – the degree of technology decentralization”. The results create the basis for further research of identifying boundaries and analyzing the competitiveness of technological systems, as well as assessing public administration strategies in this area.
Institutional Aspects of Risk Strategic Management in Azerbaijan Hospitality Sector
Authors:   Azerbaijan University of Tourism and Management, Rza-Zadeh Nuray Rauf , Dvořák Marek ,   Czech University of Life Sciences Prague
Published: December 2020

Nowadays, in the 21st century that is distinguished by the high penetration of information and communication technologies, interconnectedness and globalization, the effectiveness of institutions is increasingly manifesting the pressing need to clearly define and assess the prospects and directions of business development, taking into account the likelihood and the occurrence of the objective and subjective risks. This is happening mostly due to the growing volatility of the macroeconomic environment, increased competition, and the rapid globalization of various business processes and solutions. Taking this into account, one can see that the risk of the management process of the hospitality industry represents a complex multi-level procedure. The starting point of the whole risk management system is their forecasting which becomes the most effective way to prepare management decisions in hotel enterprises for the future. This paper focuses on the institutional aspects of risk strategic management in Azerbaijan hospitality sector related to legal, organizational, and cultural characteristics of development. The aim of this study is to identify the major institutional aspects of risk factors of the external environment as well as to realistically assess the changes in the impact of these factors on the activities of hotel enterprises and the hospitality sector of Azerbaijan for the nearest future based on the expert risk forecasting method. Moreover, the paper aims at updating the strategy of hotel development taking into account the changes in the external environment and to link these risks to the business processes taking place in hotel enterprises and in the hospitality sector. We analyze and describe the most important factors and sources of threats to hotel enterprises of Azerbaijan, such as the probability of new competitors, increasing competitive pressure, imperfect business environment in the country, increase in airline tariffs, changing customer needs and tastes, and maintaining a visa regime with many countries. Our results propose some organizational and economic mechanisms for risk management in the hospitality sector.
Sosyal Medya İçeriklerinin Ahlaki Değerler Bağlamında İncelenmesi: YouTube Örneği
Authors: KAHVECİ Hakkı
Published: December 2020

Sosyal çevre insanın ahlaki tutumlarını ve davranışlarını etkileyen önemli faktörlerden biridir. Teknolojinin gelişmesiyle birlikte insanların sosyal çevreleri de çeşitlenmiştir. Sosyal medya uygulamaları insanın sosyal çevrelerinde önemli bir yere sahip olmuştur. İnsanlar sosyal medya aracılığı ile farklı insanlarla etkileşime girmekte ve onların ürettiği içeriklerinden etkilenebilmektedir. Bir sosyal medya uygulaması olan YouTube’da her kullanıcı video içeriği üretebilmekte ve bu içerikleri yayınlayabilmektedir. Bu video içerikleri de insanları etkileme potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı YouTube’daki genç ve çocuklara yönelik içeriklerin ahlaki değerler bağlamında incelenmesidir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden içerik analizi yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Enes Batur, Orkun Işıtmak ve Kafalar YouTube Türkiye'de en çok aboneye sahip bireysel kanallardır. Bu kanalların Eylül 2019 ile Ocak 2020 arasında yüklenmiş ikişer videosu örnekleme alınmıştır. Bu videolar eğlence, oyun, macera ve tanıtım temasına sahiptir. Video içerikleri profesyonel bir senaryoya dayanmamaktadır. Sıradanlık, doğallık, izleyiciyle etkileşim ve ilgi çekicilik gibi temel özelliklere sahiptir. Özellikle Enes Batur ve Kafalar’ın içeriklerinde küfür ve argo ifadeleri sıkça kullanılmaktadır. Bazı videolarda hayatın oyun, eğlence ve kolay para kazanma üzerine kurulu olduğu algısı göze çarpmaktadır. Bu videolardaki küfür ve argo içeren ifadeler ile nezaketsiz davranışların ahlaki olarak olumsuz etkilere sahip olduğu söylenebilir. Bu nedenle gençleri ve çocukları bu olumsuz etkilerden korumak için ailelere, eğiticilere ve ilgili kurumlara çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Decroly’nin Toplu Öğretim Sistemi ile Türkiye’deki Sosyal Bilgiler Dersi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: KAYA Erdoğan , BAYRAM Hüseyin
Published: December 2020

20. yüzyılın başında Jean Ovide Decroly tarafından geliştirilen Decroly sisteminin temelini, “hayatın içinde okul, okulun içinde hayat” anlayışı oluşturur. Bu sistem, gelişim düzeyi aynı çevrede yaşayanlarınkinden farklı olan çocukların doğal yaşam ortamı içerisinde eğitim almalarına odaklanmaktadır. Decroly sisteminin bir toplu öğretim dersi olan Sosyal Bilgilerin yapılandırılmasında ve öğretilmesindeki etkileri gözetilerek gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma; söz konusu sistemin sosyalleşme, çocuğa görelik ilkesi ve öğretimde toplulaştırma açılarından incelenmesine yöneliktir. Çalışma konusuna ilişkin alanyazın incelenmiş ve Decroly sistemi ile Sosyal Bilgiler eğitimi arasındaki ilişkiyi tam anlamıyla araştıran herhangi bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Bu nedenle çalışmanın, Decroly sisteminin Sosyal Bilgiler dersi ile olan ilişkisinin anlaşılmasına katkı getirmesi beklenmektedir. Decroly sistemi ve Sosyal Bilgiler eğitimine ilişkin alanyazın taranarak ilgili bilgiler toplanmış, sistemli ve betimsel bir biçimde sunulmuştur. Tarama sırasında Decroly sisteminin, çocuğa görelik ilkesi ve çocukların sosyalleşme sürecini odağa alan bir toplu öğretim yaklaşımı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda bir toplu öğretim tasarım ürünü olan Sosyal Bilgiler dersi ile ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. Böylece toplu öğretim kavramı, hem Decroly sistemi hem de Sosyal Bilgiler dersi için temel hareket noktası olmuştur. Sosyal Bilgiler dersinin tasarımına Herbart ve Dewey gibi Decroly’nin pedagoji anlayışının da alt yapı oluşturduğu söylenebilir. Bilindiği gibi Sosyal Bilgiler de çeşitli sosyal bilimlerden yararlanılarak oluşturulmuş bir toplu öğretim dersidir. Öte yandan çalışma sırasında bu sistemin birtakım sınırlılıklarının olduğu ve bunların giderilmesi durumunda eğitim alanında işlevsel bir biçimde kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir.
Modern contraceptives discontinuation, method switching and associated factors among clients at the family planning clinic of a tertiary hospital in Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Awoyesuku Peter A. , Altraide Basil O. , Amadi Simeon C.
Published: December 2020

Background: Contraceptive discontinuation and switching to less effective methods, often leads to unintended pregnancies and reduces the impact of family planning programs. To understand what drives contraceptive use behavior, it is important to identify factors that influence discontinuation and switching. This study sought to determine the discontinuation rates, reasons for discontinuation or switching, and assess associated factors among women in Port Harcourt.Methods: A retrospective descriptive study, of women 15-48 years who accepted a modern method, over a five-year period from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2018 was carried out. Information on age, parity, education, contraceptive use intention, method and duration of use, reason for discontinuation, and method switching, were extracted from their hospital records. Coded data were entered into Excel spreadsheet and exported to SPSS version 20 for statistical analysis at significance level of P<0.05.Results: There were 349 women with complete data. Their mean age was 32±56 years and median parity was 3. The all-method discontinuation rate was 29.0% at 12 months and 31.5% by 24 months. Method specific discontinuation at 12 months were injectables 53.3%, IUCD 38.2% and implants 23.8%, the difference was significant P=0.018. Reasons for discontinuation were reduced need-64.5%, method problems-26.8% and expiration-7.2%. Majority 79.7% abandoned further use, 6.5% renewed their method and 13.8% switched to other methods.Conclusions: The discontinuation rate was high, with associated poor switching behaviour. Proper counseling on contraceptive options and reinforcing switching are critical to reduce unwanted pregnancies that might result from poor method use and discontinuation.
Study of leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1 marker serum level in cases of malignant epithelial ovarian tumors
Authors: Agameia Abd Elfatah , Swelem Rania Shafik , Sokkary Hossam Hassan El , Elsayed Ghada Shehata
Published: December 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the level of LRG1 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cases with benign ovarian masses and to evaluate results in relation to CA125.Methods: An observational prospective controlled study was done on 70 patients admitted to El Shatby Maternity University Hospital, Oncology department categorized as follows: study group (group I) included 35 patients, with epithelial ovarian malignancy confirmed by histopathological examination and control group (group Il) included 35 patients with benign ovarian tumors confirmed by histopathological examination. Determination of Serum LRGI level by using enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay with CA125 tumor marker analysis were done for all cases of both groups.Results: As regard comparison between the two studied groups according to CA125 and LRGI. CA125 in group I ranged from 14.90 to 4600 with a mean value 856.73±1104.03, in group II ranged from 7.45 to 523 with a mean value of 51.97±86.14. LRGI in group I ranged from 62.46 to 653.98 with a mean value of 130.86±119.78, in group Il ranged from 47.73 to 261.78 with a mean value of 77.35±38.75. There was statistically significant difference between the two studied groups regarding CA125 and LRGI (p≤0.05).Conclusions: LRG1 can be used as promising tumor marker to diagnose epithelial malignant ovarian cancer with or without CA125 tumor marker as it was significantly higher in epithelial ovarian cancer patients.