bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A transdisciplinary and community-driven database to unravel subduction zone initiation
Authors: Crameri Fabio , Magni Valentina , Domeier Mathew , Shephard Grace E. , Chotalia Kiran , Cooper George , Eakin Caroline M. , Grima Antoniette Greta , Gürer Derya , Király Ágnes , Mulyukova Elvira , Peters Kalijn , Robert Boris , Thielmann Marcel
Published: July 2020

Subduction zones are pivotal for the recycling of Earth’s outer layer into its interior. However, the conditions under which new subduction zones initiate are enigmatic. Here, we constructed a transdisciplinary database featuring detailed analysis of more than a dozen documented subduction zone initiation events from the last hundred million years. Our initial findings reveal that horizontally forced subduction zone initiation is dominant over the last 100 Ma, and that most initiation events are proximal to pre-existing subduction zones. The SZI Database is expandable to facilitate access to the most current understanding of subduction zone initiation as research progresses, providing a community platform that establishes a common language to sharpen discussion across the Earth Science community.
Comprehensive molecular comparison of BRCA1 hypermethylated and BRCA1 mutated triple negative breast cancers
Authors: Glodzik Dominik , Bosch Ana , Hartman Johan , Aine Mattias , Vallon-Christersson Johan , Reuterswärd Christel , Karlsson Anna , Mitra Shamik , Niméus Emma , Holm Karolina , Häkkinen Jari , Hegardt Cecilia , Saal Lao H. , Larsson Christer , Malmberg Martin , Rydén Lisa , Ehinger Anna , Loman Niklas , Kvist Anders , Ehrencrona Hans , Nik-Zainal Serena , Borg Åke , Staaf Johan
Published: July 2020

Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) is a defining characteristic inBRCA-deficient breast tumors caused by genetic or epigenetic alterations in key pathway genes. We investigated the frequency ofBRCA1promoter hypermethylation in 237 triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) from a population-based study using reported whole genome and RNA sequencing data, complemented with analyses of genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic and immune infiltration phenotypes. We demonstrate thatBRCA1promoter hypermethylation is twice as frequent asBRCA1pathogenic variants in early-stage TNBC and that hypermethylated and mutated cases have similarly improved prognosis after adjuvant chemotherapy.BRCA1hypermethylation confers an HRD, immune cell type, genome-wide DNA methylation, and transcriptional phenotype similar to TNBC tumors withBRCA1-inactivating variants, and it can be observed in matched peripheral blood of patients with tumor hypermethylation. Hypermethylation may be an early event in tumor development that progress along a common pathway withBRCA1-mutated disease, representing a promising DNA-based biomarker for early-stage TNBC.
Multiscale real time and high sensitivity ion detection with complementary organic electrochemical transistors amplifier
Authors: Romele Paolo , Gkoupidenis Paschalis , Koutsouras Dimitrios A. , Lieberth Katharina , Kovács-Vajna Zsolt M. , Blom Paul W. M. , Torricelli Fabrizio
Published: July 2020

Ions are ubiquitous biological regulators playing a key role for vital processes in animals and plants. The combined detection of ion concentration and real-time monitoring of small variations with respect to the resting conditions is a multiscale functionality providing important information on health states. This multiscale functionality is still an open challenge for current ion sensing approaches. Here we show multiscale real-time and high-sensitivity ion detection with complementary organic electrochemical transistors amplifiers. The ion-sensing amplifier integrates in the same device both selective ion-to-electron transduction and local signal amplification demonstrating a sensitivity larger than 2300 mV V−1 dec−1, which overcomes the fundamental limit. It provides both ion detection over a range of five orders of magnitude and real-time monitoring of variations two orders of magnitude lower than the detected concentration, viz. multiscale ion detection. The approach is generally applicable to several transistor technologies and opens opportunities for multifunctional enhanced bioelectronics.
Homologous repair deficiency score for identifying breast cancers with defective DNA damage response
Authors: Min Ahrum , Kim Kwangsoo , Jeong Kyeonghun , Choi Seongmin , Kim Seongyeong , Suh Koung Jin , Lee Kyung-Hun , Kim Sun , Im Seock-Ah
Published: July 2020

Breast cancer (BC) in patients with germline mutations ofBRCA1/BRCA2are associated with benefit from drugs targeting DNA damage response (DDR), but they account for only 5–7% of overall breast cancer. To define the characteristics of these tumors and also to identify tumors without BRCA mutation but with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) is clinically relevant. To define characteristic features of HRD tumors and analyze the correlations betweenBRCA1/BRCA2and BC subtypes, we analyzed 981 breast tumors from the TCGA database using the signature analyzer. The BRCA signature was strongly associated with the HRD score top 10% (score ≥ 57) population. This population showed a high level of mutations in DDR genes, includingBRCA1/BRCA2. HRD tumors were associated with high expression levels ofBARD1andBRIP1. Besides,BRCA1/2 mutations were dominantly observed in basal and luminal subtypes, respectively. A comparison of HRD features in BC revealed thatBRCA1exerts a stronger influence inducing HRD features thanBRCA2does. It reveals genetic differences betweenBRCA1andBRCA2and provides a basis for the identification of HRD and other BRCA-associated tumors.
Rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing of bacteria from patients’ blood via assaying bacterial metabolic response with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Han Yin-Yi , Lin Yi-Chun , Cheng Wei-Chih , Lin Yu-Tzu , Teng Lee-Jene , Wang Juen-Kai , Wang Yuh-Lin
Published: July 2020

Blood stream infection is one of the major public health issues characterized with high cost and high mortality. Timely effective antibiotics usage to control infection is crucial for patients’ survival. The standard microbiological diagnosis of infection however can last days. The delay in accurate antibiotic therapy would lead to not only poor clinical outcomes, but also to a rise in antibiotic resistance due to widespread use of empirical broad-spectrum antibiotics. An important measure to tackle this problem is fast determination of bacterial antibiotic susceptibility to optimize antibiotic treatment. We show that a protocol based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy can obtain consistent antibiotic susceptibility test results from clinical blood-culture samples within four hours. The characteristic spectral signatures of the obtained spectra of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli—prototypic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria—became prominent after an effective pretreatment procedure removed strong interferences from blood constituents. Using them as the biomarkers of bacterial metabolic responses to antibiotics, the protocol reported the susceptibility profiles of tested drugs against these two bacteria acquired from patients’ blood with high specificity, sensitivity and speed.
Yang-Mills structure for electron–phonon interactions in vanadium dioxide
Authors: Booth Jamie M. , Russo Salvy P.
Published: July 2020

This work presents a method of grouping the electron spinors and the phonon modes of metal oxide crystals such as vanadium dioxide into an SU(2) gauge theory. The gauge “charge” is the electron spin, which is assumed to couple to the transverse acoustic phonons on the basis of spin ordering phenomena in $${\text{M}}_{{1}}$$M1- and $${\text{M}}_{{2}}$$M2-$${\text{VO}}_{{2}}$$VO2, while the longitudinal mode is neutral. A generalization of the Peierls Mechanism is presented based on the discrete gauge invariance of crystals and the corresponding Ward-Takahashi identity. The introduction of a band index results in violation of this discrete Ward-Takahashi identity for interband transitions, resulting in scattering from the longitudinal component. Thus both the spinors and the bosons acquire mass and an electronic band gap and optical phonon modes result: a symmetry-breaking metal-insulator transition, which can manifest concurrent spin-ordering.
Temperature-dependent charge-carrier transport between Si-δ-doped layers and AlGaAs/InGaAs/AlGaAs quantum well with various space layer thicknesses measured by Hall-effect analysis
Authors: Su Wilson Yeung-Sy , Lu Victor Chien-Pin , Wu Chii-Bin , Wang Jyh-Shyang , Shen Ji-Lin , Chiu Kuan-Cheng
Published: July 2020

Temperature (T = 40 ~ 300 K) dependence of Hall-effect analysis on the dual Si-δ-doped AlGaAs/InGaAs/AlGaAs quantum-well (QW) structures with various space layer thicknesses (tS = 5, 10 and 15 nm) was performed. An interesting hysteresis behavior of electron sheet concentration [n2D(T)] was observed for tS = 10 and 15 nm but not for tS = 5 nm. A model involving two different activation barriers encountered respectively by electrons in the active QW and by electrons in the δ-doped layers is proposed to account for the hysteresis behavior. However, for small enough tS (= 5 nm ≤ 2.5 s, where s = 2.0 nm is the standard deviation of the Gaussian fit to the Si-δ-doped profile), the distribution of Si dopants near active QW acted as a specific form of “modulation doping” and can not be regarded as an ideal δ-doping. These Si dopants nearby the active QW effectively increase the magnitude of n2D, and hence no hysteresis curve was observed. Finally, effects from tS on the T-dependence of electron mobility in active QW channel are also discussed.
Transport pathways across the West African Monsoon as revealed by Lagrangian Coherent Structures
Authors: Niang Coumba , Mancho Ana Maria , García-Garrido Víctor José , Mohino Elsa , Rodriguez-Fonseca Belén , Curbelo Jezabel
Published: July 2020

The West African Monsoon (WAM) system is the main source of rainfall in the agriculturally based region of the Sahel. Understanding transport across the WAM is of crucial importance due to the strong impact of humidity and dust pathways on local cloud formation. However, the description of this transport is challenging due to its 3D complex nature. Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCS) simplify transport description across the WAM by providing a geometrical partition of the troposphere into domains. Air parcels within each domain have similar dynamical characteristics. LCS make it possible to achieve an integrated vision of transport pathways across this system. Using this approach we unveil new connections in the WAM system. In particular, we identify transport pathways between the Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ) and the African Easterly Jet (AEJ). Furthermore, the clockwise circulation associated with the divergent upper part of the Sahara heat low is clearly delimitated. Additionally, we show the presence of mixing regions in the AEJ and the lower part of the TEJ that are linked to pathways to sources of dust and humidity.
Defect spectroscopy on the dielectric material aluminum oxide
Authors: Oing Dennis , Geller Martin , Stahl Lucas , Kerski Jens , Lorke Axel , Wöhrl Nicolas
Published: July 2020

A method for defect characterization is presented that allows to measure the activation energy, capture cross-section, and defect density in dielectric materials. This is exemplarily performed on aluminum oxide thin films deposited on hydrogen-terminated diamond. During the measurement, samples were illuminated using a 405 nm laser, charging the defects while simultaneously measuring the surface conductivity of the diamond at different temperatures. By applying the standard boxcar evaluation known from deep-level transient spectroscopy, we found five different defect levels in $$\hbox {Al}_2\hbox {O}_3$$Al2O3. One can be identified as substitutional silicon in aluminum oxide, while the others are most likely connected to either aluminum interstitials or carbon and nitrogen impurities.
Clinicomicrobiological profile, visual outcome and mortality of culture-proven endogenous endophthalmitis in Taiwan
Authors: Hsieh Ming-Chieh , Chen San-Ni , Cheng Chieh-Yin , Li Kun-Hsien , Chuang Chih-Chun , Wu Jian-Sheng , Lee Sheng-Ta , Chiu Shin-Lin
Published: July 2020

This is a retrospective study in consecutive cases with cultured-proven endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) treated at the largest tertiary medical center in middle Taiwan in the past 10 years. 83 eyes of 70 patients were enrolled. The mean interval between systemic diseases to the diagnosis of EE was 8.84 ± 6.94 days. The mean initial visual acuity (VA) in the logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) was 1.63 ± 0.87. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was the most common predisposing medical illness (N = 53, 63.86%). The most common infectious sources were intra-abdominal abscess (N = 36, 43.37%), and the second most reason was urinary tract infection. The causative pathogen was Gram-negative predominant (N = 64, 77.11%). After aggressive treatment, 34.94% of eyes regain useful vision, and only six eyes underwent enucleation or evisceration. The binary multivariate logistic regression model revealed that female gender (95% CI 1.002–19.036, p = 0.05, OR 4.37), initial VA logMAR (95% CI 0.089–0.550, p = 0.01, OR 0.22), and more intravitreal injections (95% CI 0.368–0.927, p = 0.023, OR 0.58) were independent risk factors influencing final outcomes. Based on the results mentioned above, early diagnosis is recommended to gain better outcomes. The mean interval between systemic diseases to the diagnosis of EE was 8.84 ± 6.94 days in our sample population, clinicians should maintain a higher index of suspicion during this period when encountering patients with bacteremia or fungemia.
Graphene/PbS quantum dot hybrid structure for application in near-infrared photodetectors
Authors: Jeong Hyun , Song Jung Hoon , Jeong Sohee , Chang Won Seok
Published: July 2020

A graphene-PbS quantum dot (QD) composite for application in high-performance near-infrared (NIR) photodetectors (PDs) is proposed in this study. A single-layer graphene flake and oleic acid-capped PbS QD composite is fabricated through the conventional sonication process, in hexane solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of the graphene-PbS QD composite dispersed on a glass substrate confirm that the composite contains both aggregated graphene flakes and single-layer graphene with wrinkles; Transmission electron microscopy images reveal close packing with uniform size. The increased absorbance and quenched photoluminescence intensity of the graphene-PbS QD composite supports enhanced photoinduced charge transfer between graphene and the PbS QDs. Moreover, the specific Raman mode of the PbS QDs, embedded in the spectrum, is enhanced by combination with graphene, which can be interpreted by SERS as relevant to the photoinduced charge transfer between the Pbs QDs and graphene. For device application, a PD structure comprised by graphene-PbS QDs is fabricated. The photocurrent of the PD is measured using a conventional probe station with a 980-nm NIR laser diode. In the fabricated PD comprising graphene-PbS QDs, five-times higher photocurrent, 22% faster rise time, and 47% faster decay time are observed, compared to that comprising PbS QDs alone. This establishes the potential of the graphene-PbS QD composite for application in ultrathin, flexible, high-performance NIR PDs.
Silicon changes C:N:P stoichiometry of sugarcane and its consequences for photosynthesis, biomass partitioning and plant growth
Authors: Frazão Joaquim José , Prado Renato de Mello , de Souza Júnior Jonas Pereira , Rossatto Davi Rodrigo
Published: July 2020

Silicon (Si) application has improved yield and stress tolerance in sugarcane crops. In this respect, C:N:P stoichiometry makes it possible to identify flows and interaction between elements in plants and their relationship with growth. However, few studies have investigated the influence of Si on physiological variables and C:N:P stoichiometry in sugarcane. As such, this study aimed to assess the effect of increasing Si concentrations on the growth and stoichiometric composition of sugarcane plants in the early growth stage. The experiment was conducted in pots, using four Si concentrations (0, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 mM). Biomass production, the concentration and accumulation of C, N, P and Si as well as the relationship between them were assessed. Silicon application increased biomass production, the rate of photosynthesis, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency and C, N, P and Si accumulation, in addition to altering stoichiometric ratios (C:N, C:P, N:P and C:Si) in different parts of the plants. The decline in C concentration associated with greater N and P absorption indicates that Si favoured physiological processes, which is reflected in biomass production. Our results demonstrate that Si supply improved carbon use efficiency, directly influencing sugarcane yield as well as C and nutrient cycling.
Combinations of common SNPs of the transporter gene ABCB1 influence apparent bioavailability, but not renal elimination of oral digoxin
Authors: Hsin Chih-hsuan , Stoffel Marc S. , Gazzaz Malaz , Schaeffeler Elke , Schwab Matthias , Fuhr Uwe , Taubert Max
Published: July 2020

Effects of different genotypes on the pharmacokinetics of probe substrates may support their use as phenotyping agents for the activity of the respective enzyme or transporter. Digoxin is recommended as a probe substrate to assess the activity of the transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in humans. Current studies on the individual effects of three commonly investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of theABCB1gene encoding P-gp (C1236T, G2677T/A, and C3435T) on digoxin pharmacokinetics are inconclusive. Since SNPs are in incomplete linkage disequilibrium, considering combinations of these SNPs might be necessary to assess the role of polymorphisms in digoxin pharmacokinetics accurately. In this study, the relationship between SNP combinations and digoxin pharmacokinetics was explored via a population pharmacokinetic approach in 40 volunteers who received oral doses of 0.5 mg digoxin. Concerning the SNPs 1236/2677/3435, the following combinations were evaluated: CGC, CGT, and TTT. Carriers of CGC/CGT and TTT/TTT had 35% higher apparent bioavailability compared to the reference group CGC/CGC, while no difference was seen in CGC/TTT carriers. No significant effect on renal clearance was observed. The population pharmacokinetic model supports the use of oral digoxin as a phenotyping substrate of intestinal P-gp, but not to assess renal P-gp activity.
A novel predictive model incorporating immune-related gene signatures for overall survival in melanoma patients
Authors: Liao Mengting , Zeng Furong , Li Yao , Gao Qian , Yin Mingzhu , Deng Guangtong , Chen Xiang
Published: July 2020

Melanoma is the most invasive type of skin cancer, in which the immune system plays a vital role. In this study, we aimed to establish a prognostic prediction nomogram for melanoma patients that incorporates immune-related genes (IRGs). Ninety-seven differentially expressed IRGs between melanoma and normal skin were screened using gene expression omnibus database (GEO). Among these IRGs, a two-gene signature consisting of CCL8 and DEFB1 was found to be closely associated with patient prognosis using the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database. Survival analysis verified that the IRGs score based on the signature gene expressions efficiently distinguished between high- and low-risk patients, and was identified to be an independent prognostic factor. A nomogram integrating the IRGs score, age and TNM stage was established to predict individual prognosis for melanoma. The prognostic performance was validated by the TCGA/GEO-based concordance indices and calibration plots. The area under the curve demonstrated that the nomogram was superior than the conventional staging system, which was confirmed by the decision curve analysis. Overall, we developed and validated a nomogram for prognosis prediction in melanoma based on IRGs signatures and clinical parameters, which could be valuable for decision making in the clinic.
Pediatric lung transplantation in the largest lung transplantation center of China: embarking on a long road
Authors: Yue Bingqing , Wu Bo , Zhang Ji , Xu Hongyang , Wei Dong , Hu Chunxiao , Chen Jingyu
Published: July 2020

Lung transplantation (LT) has been an effective treatment for carefully selected children with end-stage lung diseases. The aim of this retrospective study is to introduce our experience at the largest LT center in Wuxi, China and to compare the outcomes of pediatric LT between children with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and other end-stage lung diseases. Ten pediatric patients undergoing LT from 2007 to 2019 were included. Sequential bilateral lung transplantation (BLT) with bilateral anterior thoracotomies was performed in all patients, seven of whom also underwent reduced size LT. Eight children survived until the end of our follow-up period on July 31st, 2019, with the longest survival of 11 years. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was intraoperatively used in all IPAH children and one non-IPAH child. Left heart function of IPAH children, though initially compromised, recovered after surgery. Statistically significant differences in operation time and post-operative mechanical ventilation between IPAH group and non-IPAH group were observed without discernible impact on post-LT survival. Pediatric LT appears to be a safe treatment for IPAH children to improve longevity and quality of life and ECMO may help reduce the risk of surgery and the postoperative complications.
Temperature based maximum power point tracking for photovoltaic modules
Authors: Ramos-Hernanz Josean , Uriarte Irantzu , Lopez-Guede Jose Manuel , Fernandez-Gamiz Unai , Mesanza Amaia , Zulueta Ekaitz
Published: July 2020

In this article authors propose a temperature based Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithm (MPPT). Authors show that there is an optimal current vs maximum power curve that depends on photovoltaic (PV) module temperature. Therefore, the maximum power point (MPP) can be achieved in very few commutation steps if the control forces the PV module to work in temperature dependent optimal curve. Authors shows how this PV module temperature based MPPT is stable and converges to MPP for each temperature. In order to proof its stability, authors propose a Lyapunov energy function. This Lyapunov energy function has positive values for all values except into MPP given the PV module temperature. This Lyapunov energy function has negative increment along each time step. Hence, the stability of temperature based MPPT can be demonstrated. The proposed MPPT algorithm proposes a current set point. This current set point is obtained with instantaneous PV module power and temperature dependent maximum power vs optimal current curve. Stability is analysed for different temperature levels. Optimal current vs maximum power curve has been modelled by a line. The lines’ coefficients depend on PV module temperature. Proposed Lyapunov energy function is not symmetric about equilibrium or MPP because MPPT algorithm and PV module dynamic have no symmetric behaviour about this equilibrium point.
Neuroplastic effects of end-effector robotic gait training for hemiparetic stroke: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kim Hayeon , Park Gyulee , Shin Joon-Ho , You Joshua H.
Published: July 2020

Detecting neuroplastic changes during locomotor neurorehabilitation is crucial for independent primal motor behaviours. However, long-term locomotor training-related neuroplasticity remains unexplored. We compared the effects of end-effector robot-assisted gait training (E-RAGT) and bodyweight-supported treadmill training (BWST) on cortical activation in individuals with hemiparetic stroke. Twenty-three men and five women aged 53.2 ± 11.2 years were recruited and randomly assigned to participate in E-RAGT (n = 14) or BWST (n = 14) for 30 min/day, 5 days/week, for 4 weeks. Cortical activity, lower limb motor function, and gait speed were evaluated before and after training. Activation of the primary sensorimotor cortex, supplementary motor area, and premotor cortex in the affected hemisphere significantly increased only in the E-RAGT group, although there were no significant between-group differences. Clinical outcomes, including the Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA), timed up and go test, and 10-m walk test scores, improved after training in both groups, with significantly better FMA scores in the E-RAGT group than in the BWST group. These findings suggest that E-RAGT effectively improves neuroplastic outcomes in hemiparetic stroke, although its superiority over conventional training remains unclear. This may have clinical implications and provides insight for clinicians interested in locomotor neurorehabilitation after hemiparetic stroke.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04054739 (12/08/2019).
Contribution of Streptococcus mutans to Helicobacter pylori colonisation in oral cavity and gastric tissue
Authors: Nomura Ryota , Kadota Tamami , Ogaya Yuko , Matayoshi Saaya , Iwashita Naoki , Okawa Rena , Nakano Kazuhiko
Published: July 2020

Helicobacter pylori is presumed to infect gastric tissue via the oral cavity in childhood, whereas risk factors for H. pylori infection in the oral cavity are unknown. In this study, we analysed the effects of Streptococcus mutans, a major cariogenic bacterial species, on H. pylori colonisation in the oral cavity, as well as gastric tissue. Rats in the weaning period were infected with S. mutans in the oral cavity, then fed a caries-inducing diet to facilitate S. mutans colonisation. One month after S. mutans infection, rats were infected with H. pylori in the oral cavity; rats were then euthanised at 1 month after H. pylori infection. H. pylori was detected in the oral cavities of rats infected with both S. mutans and H. pylori, but not in rats infected with H. pylori alone. In addition, H. pylori colonisation in the gastric tissue and typical gastrointestinal damage were observed in rats infected with both S. mutans and H. pylori. When H. pylori was co-cultured with in vitro biofilm formed by S. mutans, a large number of H. pylori bacteria invaded the biofilm formed by S. mutans. Our results suggest that S. mutans is involved in the establishment of H. pylori infection.
Ecological niche modeling of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus medicinal plants in Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Yang Min , Li Ziyan , Liu Lanbo , Bo Agula , Zhang Chunhong , Li Minhui
Published: July 2020

Radix Astragali is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine, and its quality is closely related to ecological factors, such as climate and soil, in the production area. To provide high-quality Radix Astragali to Chinese and foreign markets, we used maximum entropy model and statistical analysis method, combined with data on ecological factors, Astragalusmembranaceus var. mongholicus geographical distribution, and index component content to predict the ecological suitability distribution of A.membranaceus var. mongholicus and establish the relationship between astragaloside IV and calycosin-7-glucoside in this species and ecological factors. Subsequently, we could determine the suitability regionalization of high-quality A.membranaceus var. mongholicus in Inner Mongolia, China. The results showed that the standard deviation of seasonal changes in temperature (40.6%), precipitation in October (15.7%), vegetation type (14.3%), soil type (9.2%), and mean sunshine duration in the growing season (9.1%) were the top five most influential factors out of the 17 main ecological factors affecting the distribution of A.membranaceus var. mongholicus. The standard deviation of seasonal changes in temperature, precipitation in October, precipitation in April, soil pH, and mean sunshine duration in the growing season were found to be the key ecological factors affecting the accumulation of astragaloside IV and calycosin-7-glucoside in A.membranaceus var. mongholicus. The regions with the highest-quality A.membranaceus var. mongholicus were distributed in Baotou (Guyang County), Hohhot (Wuchuan County), and central Wulanchabu (Chahar Right Middle Banner, Chahar Right Back Banner, and Shangdu County) and its surroundings in Inner Mongolia. Baotou, Hohhot, and their surrounding areas were the main traditional production areas of A.membranaceus var. mongholicus, and central Wulanchabu was a potentially suitable distribution area of this species. The main production areas were consistent with the actual production base of A.membranaceus var. mongholicus. This study therefore provides a scientific basis to guide the cultivation of A.membranaceus var. mongholicus.
RhoA/C inhibits proliferation by inducing the synthesis of GPRC5A
Authors: Richter Lukas , Oberländer Viktoria , Schmidt Gudula
Published: July 2020

Rho GTPases are important regulators of many cellular functions like cell migration, adhesion and polarity. The molecular switches are often dysregulated in cancer. We detected Rho-dependent upregulation of the orphan seven-transmembrane receptor G-protein-coupled receptor family C group 5 member A (GPRC5A). GPRC5A is highly expressed in breast cancer whereas in lung cancer, it is often downregulated. Here, we analyzed the function of GPRC5A in breast epithelial and breast cancer cells. Activation or expression of RhoA/C led to GPRC5A-dependent inhibition of proliferation and reduction of the colony forming capacity of benign breast epithelial cells. This effect is based on an inhibition of EGFR signalling. Knockout of retinoic acid induced 3 (RAI3, the gene for GPRC5A) in breast cancer cells increased cell division, whereas Rho activation had no effect on proliferation. Knockout of RAI3 in benign breast epithelial cells led to decrease of EGFR expression and diminished proliferation.
Mapping N- and C-terminals of Leishmania donovani tyrosine aminotransferase by gene truncation strategy: a functional study using in vitro and in silico approaches
Authors: Sasidharan Santanu , Saudagar Prakash
Published: July 2020

Tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) catalyzes the transamination of amino acids in Leishmania sp.. TAT from Leishmania donovani has been found to be extremely stable at extreme temperatures and pH conditions. This study was conceived to map the functions of the non-conserved N-terminal and conserved C-terminal domain of TAT. N-terminal (NTAT) and C-terminal (CTAT) domain of TAT was truncated and cloned into the pET28a(+) vector. The truncated proteins were expressed, purified, and biochemically characterized. The Km of NTAT and CTAT for the tyrosine-pyruvate pair was determined to be 3.468 ± 0.796 mM and 4.581 ± 0.627 mM, repectively. Temperature and pH stability studies found NTAT to be stable like TAT but CTAT was extremely susceptible to temperature and pH changes. Upon docking and simulation for 100 ns, NTAT had lower SASA values. From UV spectroscopic study, PLP bound better to CTAT than NTAT because of the reduced SASA of NTAT. The sensitivity of CTAT was reasoned when the urea denaturation studies showed two-state denaturation which differed from NTAT’s and TAT’s biphasic folding mechanism. From this study, the authors hypothesize that the N-terminal is responsible for PLP stabilization and C-terminal protects the active site from extreme conditions.
Publisher Correction: Splice-specific deficiency of the PTSD-associated gene PAC1 leads to a paradoxical age-dependent stress behavior
Authors: Biran Jakob , Gliksberg Michael , Shirat Ido , Swaminathan Amrutha , Levitas-Djerbi Talia , Appelbaum Lior , Levkowitz Gil
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Helicobacter pylori infection, atrophic gastritis, and risk of pancreatic cancer: A population-based cohort study in a large Japanese population: the JPHC Study
Authors: Hirabayashi Mayo , Inoue Manami , Sawada Norie , Saito Eiko , Abe Sarah K. , Hidaka Akihisa , Iwasaki Motoki , Yamaji Taiki , Shimazu Taichi , Tsugane Shoichiro
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Design and synthesis of aptamer AS1411-conjugated EG@TiO2@Fe2O3nanoparticles as a drug delivery platform for tumor-targeted therapy
Authors: Mansouri Nahid , Jalal Razieh , Akhlaghinia Batool , Abnous Khalil , Jahanshahi Roya
Published: July 2020

AS1411@GMBS@EG@TiO2@Fe2O3nanoparticle is an effective and safe pH-responsive sustained release system for targeted drug delivery into nucleolin-positive cells.
Rapid and simple detection of Bacillus cereus in milk by real-time competitive annealing mediated isothermal amplification
Authors: Bao Haiyan , Li Wei , Yue Xiqing , Wu Junrui , Qiao Yu , Peng Qing , Shi Bo , Du Yuguang , Chen Xu , Wu Rina
Published: July 2020

A competitive annealing mediated isothermal amplification method was developed for the rapid and simple detection of Bacillus cereus in milk.
Developing a toll-like receptor biosensor for Gram-positive bacterial detection and its storage strategies
Authors: McLeod Jennifer , Park Chankyu , Cunningham Alexandra , O'Donnell Lynne , Brown R. Stephen , Kelly Fiona , She Zhe
Published: July 2020

Conditions to store toll-like receptor2/6 sensors and use them to detect bacterial analytes, including pathogen-associated molecular patterns and bacterial cultures.
A SERS-based competitive immunoassay for highly sensitive and specific detection of ochratoxin A
Authors: Ding Yangjun , Shang Hezhen , Wang Xiaokun , Chen Lingxin
Published: July 2020

A SERS sensor for ochratoxin A detection based on three-dimensional magnetic beads and competitive immunoassay.
A chlorin-lipid nanovesicle nucleus drug for amplified therapeutic effects of lung cancer by internal radiotherapy combined with the Cerenkov radiation-induced photodynamic therapy
Authors: Cai Pengju , Yang Wenjiang , He Zhesheng , Jia Huiju , Wang Huangwei , Zhao Wencong , Gao Liang , Zhang Zhiyong , Gao Fuping , Gao Xueyun
Published: July 2020

131I-BSA loaded chlorin-lipid nanovesicle constructed from Ce6 and LPPC conjugates for synergistic therapeutic effects of lung cancer by radiotherapy of 131I combined with Cerenkov Radiation (CR)-induced photodynamic therapy.
Targeted DNA-driven catalytic assembly light-up ratiometric fluorescence of biemissive silver nanoclusters for amplified biosensing
Authors: He Jiayang , Zhang Yuxuan , Chen Zehui , Li Chong , Yuan Ruo , Xu Wenju
Published: July 2020

We report a ratiometric fluorescence strategy using biemissive silver nanoclusters that are harbored in a functional hairpin beacon for rapid, specific and sensitive detection of specific HIV-related DNA as a model.
Convenient fabrication of a core–shell Sn@TiO2 anode for lithium storage from tinplate electroplating sludge
Authors: Lin Zhihua , Liu Xueming , Xiong Xunhui , Wei Shizhong , Liu Weizhen , Lin Zhang
Published: July 2020

A convenient route was developed for the fabrication of a high-performance core–shell Sn@TiO2 anode for LIBs from tinplate electroplating sludge.
Lifetime-based nanothermometry in vivo with ultra-long-lived luminescence
Authors: Su Xianlong , Wen Yue , Yuan Wei , Xu Ming , Liu Qian , Huang Chunhui , Li Fuyou
Published: July 2020

A nanothermometer with a single-exponential luminescence decay in the ∼s time scope, which can be measured by a consumer-grade camera.
Ganorbifates A and B from Ganoderma orbiforme, determined by DFT calculations of NMR data and ECD spectra
Authors: Yin Xia , Tuong Thi Mai Luong , Tian Jun-Mian , Pescitelli Gennaro , Gao Jin-Ming
Published: July 2020

Ganorbifate A featuring an unprecedented 6/6/6/5/5 pentacyclic system, and ganorbifate B with an unusual 6/4/6/5/8/5 ring system were isolated from the fruiting body of Ganoderma orbiforme.
A metal-, oxidant-, and fluorous solvent-free synthesis of α-indolylketones enabled by an umpolung strategy
Authors: Abe Takumi , Hirao Seiya , Yamashiro Toshiki
Published: July 2020

We have developed the first transition metal-, oxidant-, and fluorous solvent-free α-indolization of ketones using ammonium salts and enamines.
Catalytic hairpin assembly-based electrochemical biosensor with tandem signal amplification for sensitive microRNA assay
Authors: Cui Lin , Zhou Jinghua , Yang Xiao-Yun , Dong Jing , Wang Xiaolei , Zhang Chun-yang
Published: July 2020

We develop a catalytic hairpin assembly-based electrochemical biosensor with tandem signal amplification for sensitive microRNA assay.
Coordination polymers of paramagnetic bis(leucinato)copper(ii) diastereomers: experimental and computational study of the stereoisomerism and conformations
Authors: Vušak Darko , Pejić Jelena , Jurković Mia , Szalontai Gábor , Sabolović Jasmina
Published: July 2020

The syntheses, X-ray diffraction, solid state NMR and molecular modeling determined (dis)similarities between the coordination polymers of two bis(leucinato)copper(ii) diastereomers.
First principles rates for surface chemistry employing exact transition state theory: application to recombinative desorption of hydrogen from Cu(111)
Authors: Galparsoro Oihana , Kaufmann Sven , Auerbach Daniel J. , Kandratsenka Alexander , Wodtke Alec M.
Published: July 2020

We present first principles calculations of the reactive flux for thermal recombinative desorption of hydrogen from Cu(111).
Effect of ceria promotion on the catalytic performance of Ni/SBA-16 catalysts for CO2 methanation
Authors: Sun Chao , Beaunier Patricia , Da Costa Patrick
Published: July 2020

The presence of Ce inside the SBA-16 structure promoted the ratio of Ce3+ and medium basic sites and thus favoured CH4 formation.
Selective catalytic oxidation of NH3over noble metal-based catalysts: state of the art and future prospects
Authors: Lan Tianwei , Zhao Yufei , Deng Jiang , Zhang Jianping , Shi Liyi , Zhang Dengsong
Published: July 2020

The state of the art and future prospects for selective catalytic oxidation of NH3over noble metal-based catalysts are presented.
Traditional salt-in-water electrolyte vs. water-in-salt electrolyte with binary metal oxide for symmetric supercapacitors: capacitive vs. faradaic
Authors: Sundaram Manickam Minakshi , Appadoo Dominique
Published: July 2020

The electrochemical energy storage of lithium and sodium ions from aqueous solutions in binary metal oxides is of great interest for renewable energy storage applications.
Visible-NIR absorption spectroscopy study of the formation of ternary plutonyl(vi) carbonate complexes
Authors: Jo Yongheum , Cho Hye-Ryun , Yun Jong-Il
Published: July 2020

The formation of CaPuO2(CO3)32−and MgPuO2(CO3)32−complexes was identified for the first time using visible-NIR absorption spectroscopy.
Transition metal complexes of a bis(carbene) ligand featuring 1,2,4-triazolin-5-ylidene donors: structural diversity and catalytic applications
Authors: Singh Vivek Kumar , Donthireddy S. N. R. , Illam Praseetha Mathoor , Rit Arnab
Published: July 2020

The 1,2,4-triazolin-5-ylidene donor supported binuclear AgI/CuI as well as IrIII/RuII-NHC complexes (efficient catalysts for the C–C multiple bond reduction and the alkylation of secondary alcohols, respectively) have been developed.
Porous CuO@C composite as high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Xu Yang , Chu Kainian , Li Zhiqiang , Xu Shikai , Yao Ge , Niu Ping , Zheng Fangcai
Published: July 2020

The in situ formation of a carbon matrix can confine the growth of CuO nanoparticles, which can provide more exposed active sites for electrochemical reactions.
Photonic artificial muscles: from micro robots to tissue engineering
Authors: Martella Daniele , Nocentini Sara , Parmeggiani Camilla , Wiersma Diederik S.
Published: July 2020

We discuss the use of elastomers and combinations of elastomers with cells for (micro) robotics, for photonics, and for biomedical applications.
A gravity-driven high-flux catalytic filter prepared using a naturally three-dimensional porous rattan biotemplate decorated with Ag nanoparticles
Authors: Li Jingpeng , Ma Rumin , Lu Yun , Wu Zaixing , Su Minglei , Jin Kexia , Qin Daochun , Zhang Rong , Bai Ruihua , He Sheng , Chen Yuhe , Jiang Zehui
Published: July 2020

This study outlines a novel approach for the green and sustainable fabrication of rattan-derived nanocomposites with effective gravity-driven catalytic performance.
Multiplexed blood–brain barrier organ-on-chip
Authors: Zakharova M. , Palma do Carmo M. A. , van der Helm M. W. , Le-The H. , de Graaf M. N. S. , Orlova V. , van den Berg A. , van der Meer A. D. , Broersen K. , Segerink L. I.
Published: July 2020

The developed multiplexed chip contains 8 channels that can be accessed individually or simultaneously with increased throughput. The visual inspection of cells in the device was improved with our fabricated 2 μm-thick porous PDMS membrane.
Scaling of deterministic lateral displacement devices to a single column of bumping obstacles
Authors: Liang Weibin , Austin Robert H. , Sturm James C.
Published: July 2020

Scaling DLD array devices to a single column of bumping obstacles to increase throughput per area and minimize device area.
Three dimensional Ti3C2 MXene nanoribbon frameworks with uniform potassiophilic sites for the dendrite-free potassium metal anodes
Authors: Shi Haodong , Dong Yanfeng , Zheng Shuanghao , Dong Cong , Wu Zhong-Shuai
Published: July 2020

Three dimensional alkalized Ti3C2 MXene nanoribbon frameworks are demonstrated as advanced scaffolds for dendrite free potassium metal anodes.
Classifying the chemical bonds involving the noble-gas atoms
Authors: Borocci Stefano , Grandinetti Felice , Nunzi Francesca , Sanna Nico
Published: July 2020

The Ng–X bonds are classified into covalent (Cov), and different types of non-covalent (nCov), or partially-covalent (pCov) interactions.
Photocatalytic synthesis of unsymmetrical thiourea derivatives via visible-light irradiation using nitrogen-doped ZnO nanorods
Authors: Koohgard Mehdi , Sarvestani Abdollah Masoudi , Hosseini-Sarvari Mona
Published: July 2020

N-ZnO as a photocatalyst under visible-light irradiation promoted an environmentally friendly route for the synthesis of unsymmetrical thiourea derivatives.
Unravelling the strain-promoted [3+2] cycloaddition reactions of phenyl azide with cycloalkynes from the molecular electron density theory perspective
Authors: Domingo Luis R. , Acharjee Nivedita
Published: July 2020

The increase of the strain not only increases the reaction rate and the exothermic character of these reactions, but also changes the mechanism for the small cycloalkynes from a non-polar to a polar reaction.
Depolymerization of alkaline lignin over mesoporous KF/γ-Al2O3
Authors: Guan Yinshuang , Zhao Wei , Liu Kaishuai , Guo Tiantian , Wang Dingkai , Cui Mingyu , Fu Shuiyuan , Fan Xing , Wei Xianyong
Published: July 2020

A KF/γ-Al2O3 catalyst is prepared and used in lignin depolymerization into low-molecular weight compounds, such as phenols and aliphatic compounds.
Direct synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazoles via dehydrogenative coupling of aromatic-diamine and primary alcohol catalyzed by a Co complex
Authors: Zuo Minghui , Guo Weihao , Pang Yucheng , Guo Rui , Hou Chuanfu , Sun Shouneng , Wu Hongfeng , Sun Zhizhong , Chu Wenyi
Published: July 2020

A Co(ii) complex was synthesized and used as catalyst to synthesize a series of 2-substituted benzimidazoles with o-phenylenediamines and primary alcohol as the substrates under mild reaction conditions.
Highly asymmetric lamellar nanostructures from nanoparticle–linear hybrid block copolymers
Authors: Watanabe Kodai , Katsuhara Satoshi , Mamiya Hiroaki , Kawamura Yukihiko , Yamamoto Takuya , Tajima Kenji , Isono Takuya , Satoh Toshifumi
Published: July 2020

The compositionally asymmetric nanoparticle-linear hybrid block copolymers with a polystyrene single-chain nanoparticle and a long linear polylactide demonstrated the astonishing capability to produce the highly asymmetric lamellar nanostructures.
Palladium-catalysed regio- and stereoselective arylative substitution of γ,δ-epoxy-α,β-unsaturated esters and amides by sodium tetraaryl borates
Authors: Bilgi Yasemin , Kuş Melih , Artok Levent
Published: July 2020

The palladium-catalysed reaction of γ,δ-epoxy-α,β-unsaturated esters or amides with NaBAr4reagents proceeded regio- and stereoselectively to produce aryl-substituted homoallyl alcohols.
Supramolecular chemistry of substituted cucurbit[n]urils
Authors: Lin Rui-Lian , Liu Jing-Xin , Chen Kai , Redshaw Carl
Published: July 2020

This review covers important advances in the field of substituted cucurbit[n]urils.
Octahedral morphology of NiO with (111) facet synthesized from the transformation of NiOHCl for the NOx detection and degradation: experiment and DFT calculation
Authors: Hermawan Angga , Hanindriyo Adie Tri , Ramadhan Erland Rachmad , Asakura Yusuke , Hasegawa Takuya , Hongo Kenta , Inada Miki , Maezono Ryo , Yin Shu
Published: July 2020

NiO with polar (111) facets was successfully synthesized from the transformation of a layered NiOHCl, exhibiting excellent NOx detection and degradation activity.
Recent advances in the synthesis of xanthones and azaxanthones
Authors: Resende Diana I. S. P. , Durães Fernando , Maia Miguel , Sousa Emília , Pinto Madalena M. M.
Published: July 2020

A useful chemical toolbox for (aza)xanthones from 2012 to 2020 that covers the optimization of known procedures and novel methodologies.
A flower-like ZnO–Ag2O nanocomposite for label and mediator free direct sensing of dinitrotoluene
Authors: Chakraborty Urmila , Bhanjana Gaurav , Adam Jost , Mishra Yogendra Kumar , Kaur Gurpreet , Chaudhary Ganga Ram , Kaushik Ajeet
Published: July 2020

2,4-Dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) is a nitro aromatic compound used as a raw material for trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosive synthesis along with several other industrial applications.
Elastic distortion determining conduction in BiFeO3 phase boundaries
Authors: Holsgrove Kristina M. , Duchamp Martial , Moreno M. Sergio , Bernier Nicolas , Naden Aaron B. , Guy Joseph G. M. , Browne Niall , Gupta Arunava , Gregg J. Marty , Kumar Amit , Arredondo Miryam
Published: July 2020

The localized crystallography of conducting and non-conducting phase boundaries in mixed-phase BiFeO3 is directly compared using scanning transmission electron microscopy techniques.
Complexation of biologically essential (mono- and divalent) metal cations to cucurbiturils: a DFT/SMD evaluation of the key factors governing the host–guest recognition
Authors: Kircheva Nikoleta , Dobrev Stefan , Dasheva Lyubima , Koleva Iskra , Nikolova Valya , Angelova Silvia , Dudev Todor
Published: July 2020

Interaction between CB[n] (n = 5–8) and biologically essential mono- and divalent metal cation.
Interplay of π-stacking and inter-stacking interactions in two-component crystals of neutral closed-shell aromatic compounds: periodic DFT study
Authors: Melikova Sona M. , Voronin Alexander P. , Panek Jaroslaw , Frolov Nikita E. , Shishkina Anastasia V. , Rykounov Alexey A. , Tretyakov Peter Yu. , Vener Mikhail V.
Published: July 2020

The interplay of π-stacking and inter-stacking interactions in two-component organic crystals without conventional hydrogen bonds.
Alkali modified P25 with enhanced CO2 adsorption for CO2 photoreduction
Authors: Tan Jeannie Z. Y. , Gavrielides Stelios , Xu Hao R. , Thompson Warren A. , Maroto-Valer M. Mercedes
Published: July 2020

Enhanced CO2 adsorption capability and photocurrent with alkali modified P25 for CO2 photoreduction.
Multi-omics based characterization of antibiotic response in clinical isogenic isolates of methicillin-susceptible/-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Jo Sung-Hyun , Song Won-Suk , Park Han-Gyu , Lee Jae-Seung , Jeon Hyo-Jin , Lee Yeon-Hee , Kim Wooseong , Joo Hwang-Soo , Yang Yung-Hun , Kim Jae-Seok , Kim Yun-Gon
Published: July 2020

We introduce clinical isogenic strain isolates and a multi-OMICS approach to observe a response to oxacillin of methicillin- susceptible/-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.