bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRODUCTION, PURIFICATION AND INHIBITION OF ALGINATE LY-ASE FROM LOCAL ISOLATE OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA NA11
Authors: Younis R. W.
Published: December 2020

The point of this study was for determine of the optimum conditions and purification of alginate lyase from local isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa NA11, and inhibition of enzyme by various plant extracts. Forty local  isolate s of pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa were screened for their ability to produce alginate lyase. Local isolate of P.aeruginosa NA11 showed the maximum efficiency for produce of alginate lyase with high specific activity (14.4 U/mg). Several factors that influence on alginate lyase production from local isolate of P.aeruginosa NA11 were studied, these factors included the type of media, carbon source, nitrogen source, the incubation temperature, pH, and the incubation period. The highest yield of alginate lyase was obtained with the A medium supplemented with 0.5 % of glucose and sodium nitrate at pH 7.5 after 24 hr. incubation at 37 °C. Two chromatographic techniques were used for purification of alginate lyase after precipitation by ammonium sulphate with saturated ratio (0-70 %),  including, ion exchange chromatography by DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration by Sephadex G-100. The two steps gave the specific activity of 155.8 U/mg protein, the purification fold was 4.15 and enzymatic yield was 64 %. The molecular weight of partial purified alginate lyase was 57 KDa. The results of antioxidant activity tests for different plants extracts utilizing DPPH radical scavenging activity were showed that the saad extract has high antioxidant activity (71 %) more than other plants extracts. While the results for inhibition experiment of alginate lyase were demonstrated that saad extract was the best inhibitor with inhibition ratio of 86 %.
Autonomous Modulation Classification using Single Inception Module based Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Mumtaz Zeeshan
Published: December 2020

Accepted Paper for IEEE organized 18th IBCAST Conference 2021.
ESPECTROSCOPIA DE INFRAVERMELHO PARA CARACTERIZAÇÃO GENOTÍPICA DE CLONES DE Coffea Canephora
Authors: Dos Santos Gomes Willian , Partelli Fábio Luiz , Da Silva Oliveira Emanuele Catarina , Filgueiras Paulo Roberto , Ribeiro de Castro Eustáquio Vinicius , Polonini Moreli Aldemar , Grancieri Debona Danieli , Rizzo Moreira Taís , Filete Altoé Cristhiane , Louzada Pereira Lucas
Published: December 2020

O café conilon (Coffea canephora), também conhecido como robusta, participa em torno de 25% do café produzido no Brasil. O melhoramento genético da espécie tem proporcionado um incremento substancial na qualidade final da bebida, por meio do lançamento de diversos materiais genéticos. Estes por sua vez apresentam uma grande diversidade na composição química, que impactam diretamente na qualidade do material genético. Portanto, é notório a importância de se ter em mãos ferramentas adequadas que tenham a capacidade de aferir de forma robusta esses parâmetros. Tendo isso em vista, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo testar a eficiência da técnica de espectroscopia do infravermelho para correlacionar possíveis relações entre propriedades genotípicas e os constituintes químicos do Coffea canephora. As matérias-primas selecionadas para a realização dos experimentos foram obtidas de três propriedades rurais no norte do Espírito Santo dos genótipos ‘02’ e ‘LB1’. Para análise físico-química foi utilizado a técnica de espectroscopia do infravermelho em conjunto com a análise discriminante por mínimo quadrados parciais (PLS-DA). A técnica de espectroscopia no infravermelho associada análise multivariada PLS-DA mostrou-se aplicável na identificação da composição química oriunda dos genótipos estudados. Os resultados da análise exploratória mostraram uma sutil separação dos genótipos ‘02’ e ‘LB1’ entre as propriedades testadas.
Conceptual principles of public management of socio-economic development of the region
Authors: Skyba Maryna
Published: December 2020

The analysis of the scientific sources devoted to problems of regional development is carried out. The article reveals that the organizational and legal basis for the regional policy has been formed the basic principles of regulation of socio-economic development at the regional level have been determined in Ukraine during the period of independence. The research shows that in the context of continuing administrative reform, the state regional policy, which is part of the national strategy of the socio-economic development of Ukraine, is closely linked to adjusting the administrative-territorial structure of the state. It is implemented by executive authorities and local governments through the system of methods, tools, means, measures for the realization of the defined purposes and maintenance of efficient, complex management of social and economic development at the regional level. The dynamics of the main indicators of socio-economic development at the regional level is presented. The paper shows that the GRP resumed growing in Donetsk and Luhansk regions. The analysis indicates the population reduction in all regions of Ukraine, except for Kyiv region, which is the leader in the number of arrivals; concentration of human resources in industrial regions (25% of the population of Ukraine is concentrated in Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv regions); GRP growth per capita in most oblasts and Poltava, Dnipropetrovsk, Kyiv (excluding Kyiv) oblasts reaching the leading positions; increasing level of concentration of production in cities with a population of over a million: Kyiv, Kharkiv and in the largest regional centers of Ukraine: Dnipro, Odesa, Lviv, and others. The paper proves that public authorities during the development of strategic, program decisions on regional development management should take into account the challenges caused by the geopolitical situation, the global crisis caused by the pandemic, climate change, man-made disasters, etc.
free radio jaffa - usłyszeć niesłyszane
Authors: Godlewska-Byliniak Ewelina
Published: December 2020

Artykuł zainspirowany projektem Katarzyny Karkowiak "Free Radio Jaffa" z cyklu all.fm. Punktem wyjścia jest filmowy fragment dokumentujący radiową interwencję artystki w Jaffie, a przedmiotem refleksji relacja pomiędzy szumem a komunikatem radiowym oraz status dźwiękowego zakłócania.
Historia możliwa
Authors: Socha Jakub
Published: December 2020

Recenzja książki Tadeusza Lubelskiego "Historia niebyła kina PRL" (Znak, Kraków 2012).
Kryzys i powrót patriarchalnego spojrzenia w ikonografii niemieckich ruin 1945–1949
Authors: Saryusz-Wolska Magdalena
Published: December 2020

Artykuł dotyczy niemieckiej ikonografii ruin bezpośrednio po drugiej wojnie światowej. W pierwszych latach po 1945 roku w społeczeństwie niemieckim odnotowano dużą nadwyżkę kobiet, gdyż wielu mężczyzn zginęło na froncie lub przebywało w obozach jenieckich. Głównym symbolem tego czasu były silne kobiety z ruin (Trümmerfrauen), które odbudowywały niemieckie miasta i były znacząco obecne w ówczesnej ikonografii. Mężczyźni natomiast przedstawiani byli przeważnie jako słabi „powracający do domu” (Heimkehrer), pod wieloma względami odpowiadający koncepcji „marginal man” sformułowanej przez Kaję Silverman. Empiryczną podstawę artykułu stanowią najważniejsze „filmy z ruin” (Trümmerfilme), jak również wybrane fotografie i plakaty.
Wokół "Ikonofilii": Jak można lubić obrazy?
Authors: Zaremba Łukasz
Published: December 2020

Głos w dyskusji o książce Andrzeja Leśniaka "Ikonofilia. Francuska semiologia pikturalna i obrazy" (2013).
Ruins and Fragments: Air War's Mnemonic Architectures
Authors: Bräunert Svea
Published: December 2020

Revolving around Arne Schmitt’s photo series "Bunkererfahrung/ Bunker Experience" (2013), the essay engages with two discourses: 1) theoretical and artistic positions treating the bunker as a mnemonic space of war and modernism, including works by Paul Virilio, Magdalena Jetelová, Jane and Louise Wilson, and Robert Kusmirowski; and 2) debates about the air war and the role it played within West German postwar culture, initiated by W.G. Sebald, Oskar Negt and Alexander Kluge. Schmitt’s bunker series ties into these debates, as it makes a visual argument for the return of the bunker in the concrete structures of postwar modernism. It is hence not focusing on the space of the bunker itself but on its afterimage. By doing so, Schmitt not only examines the experience of war through the lens of the postwar but also suggests that we can access the trauma of the air war through that which has taken its place.
Queerowanie Eurowizji. Szesnaście lat po wyoutowaniu
Authors: Bogucki Marci
Published: December 2020

Celem artykułu jest analiza Eurowizji jako jednego z narzędzi europejskiej "soft power". Główny nacisk został położony na prześledzenie najnowszej historii konkursu pod względem polityki seksualnej. Postawione zostały pytania o polityczny wymiar Eurowizji i tożsamość seksualną konkursu oraz problem przydatności użycia kategorii kiczu i kampu do jego interpretacji. W głównej części tekstu nakreślono strategie przyjmowane przez osoby nieheternonormatywne występujące w konkursie w kontekście idei reprezentacji narodowej. W podsumowaniu artykułu nakreślone zostały wyzwania i problemy związane z wygraną Conchity Wurst w ostatniej edycji konkursu.
Przestrzeń refleksji a miejsce przedmiotu w historii sztuki. Galeria Sztuki Średniowiecznej w nowej odsłonie
Authors: Matyjaszkiewicz Ika
Published: December 2020

Omówienie nowej ekspozycji w Galerii Sztuki Średniowiecznej w Muzeum Narodowym Warszawie.
Picturing Queer Desire in the Vernon Manuscript
Authors: Segler Angela R. Bennett
Published: December 2020

This article examines an anomalous miniature that depicts two monks in bed attached to a Middle English "Miracle of the Virgin" about a priest who had sex with a nun. In it, I examine the historical context of the manuscript’s production and readership to understand the queer and heretical potential the unorthodox image creates in the Oxford, Bodleian Library MS Eng. poet. a.1. I argue that its non-heterosexist depiction of homosexual desire opens previously orthodox and heterosexual encounters to queer readings.
Liaison Officers, Imagined Love and War Affairs, and History Displaced
Authors: Bojarska Katarzyna
Published: December 2020

The article is a critical discussion of a collaborative project of a writer, Darek Foksa, and an artist, Zbigniew Libera. The project" Liaison Officer" provides a critique of history and its interpretations carried out through a unique and intriguing combination of word and image. History is understood here as an ideologically saturated dominant fiction. The author of the article argues that this piece belongs to a tradition whose potential as a critical tool in understanding the meanders and politics of memory is yet to be (re)discovered. Both visual and literary practices here seem to contribute to the reactivation of social imagination.
Patos i antypatos. Formuły patosu u Siergieja Eisensteina i Aby'ego Warburga
Authors: Sasse Sylvia
Published: December 2020

W artykule autorka dokonuje porównania formuł patosu Warburga z teoretycznymi rozważaniami Siergieja Eisensteina na temat patosu filmowej kompozycji. Możliwość porównawczego podejścia tych koncepcji autorka dostrzega w dwóch miejscach: po pierwsze w praktyce montażu, po drugie zaś – w zainteresowaniu obydwu kwestią tego, jak patetyczne sposoby i formy ekspresji (Warburg), a także metody konstruowania patosu (Eisenstein) były przez wieki przekazywane wśród artystów i w bezpośrednim kontakcie z odbiorcą.
Krzyk i kadr
Authors: Mościcki Paweł
Published: December 2020

Tekst stanowi komentarz do projektu "Hurleurs" (2001-2004) Mathieu Pernota.
Analysis on Verbal Communication of Male Homosexuals from the Sociolinguistic Perspective
Authors: Song Jinge
Published: December 2020

Homosexuals, especially gays, have become a sub-cultural group which cannot be ignored in the modern society, therefore, it is necessary to promote the society to envisage the phenomenon of homosexuality. From the perspective of sociolinguistics, this study analyzes the chat histories of homosexual men on the social media in order to explore how they realize self-presentation and further discuss what dilemmas they are facing. This study aims to help homosexuals construct correct social identity and let public members in mainstream culture have a more particular knowledge of homosexuality.
The Creation of Kindergarten Reading Situation Based on the Concept of Multiple Reading
Authors: Zhang Chunying
Published: December 2020

Early childhood is a key period to stimulate children's interest in reading and promote their independent reading ability development. Constructing the overall environment of children's reading education is the premise of effective early reading in kindergartens. Based on the concept of multiple reading, this paper explores a new path for the creation of multiple reading environment, and proposes to pay attention to the construction of reading culture in kindergartens, such as creating a multiple reading situation in kindergarten daily life, games, thematic educational activities and cooperative education of kindergarten and home, so as to promote the harmonious development of children's reading, body and mind, and lay a foundation for children's lifelong learning.
Research on the Construction of Regional Green Industry Development Implementation Network
Authors: Zhu Chunhong
Published: December 2020

The green industry system is a highly relevant, complex and huge system. It is not only a high unity of production activities and the natural environment, but also a harmonious unity of production benefits and environmental benefits, and the inherent unity of economic behavior and resource utilization. The sustainable development of regional green industry is restricted by resources, environment and other factors. Therefore, the development of green industry must be deployed with the concept of overall planning, to construct a set of Implementation Network of sustainable development of green industry suitable for regional reality, so as to solve the bottleneck problem of economic development and reallocate social resources.
Analysis of the Use of Online Teaching Tools in Specific Circumstances
Authors: Varga Matija
Published: December 2020

E-learning can
be viewed from a technical and pedagogical aspect, so the application of
e-learning in teaching requires ICT knowledge and skills and pedagogical
competencies for the use of ICT in teaching. Work on the topic: "Analysis
of the use of online teaching tools in specific circumstances" consists of
two parts. The first part of the paper, which uses a scientific method of
content analysis, presents types of online teaching tools in specific
circumstances and explanations of online teaching tools in specific circumstances.
Also, the advantages and disadvantages of the online learning tools (as well as
the advantages and disadvantages of the LMS, i.e. learning management system)
are described. The second part of the paper presents the research results
obtained by the scientific method of interviewing. Based on the surveys,
answers (results) were obtained to the nine questions asked. Hypotheses were
set in the paper: Ht1 and Ha1 and Ht2 and Ha2.
Based on the results obtained by interviewing the respondents (analysis of
answers), the paper confirmed the basic hypotheses (Ht1 and Ht2),
while the alternative hypotheses (Ha1 and Ha2) have been
rejected.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Keterampilan Basic Life Support (BLS) Melalui Pelatihan BLS Pada Perawat dan Bidan
Authors: Sugiyarto Sugiyarto , Sulistyowati Dwi
Published: December 2020

Background: In Hospital Cardiac Arrest (IHCA) is a major problem of patient safety and public health. the rescue action taken is Basic Life Support with CPR. BLS training needs to be provided to nurses and midwives in order to increase the ability of BLS skills. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of Basic Life Support (BLS) Training on the ability of BLS skills of Nurses and Midwives. Methods: This research is an experimental study with a Pre-Test-Post Test Group design approach through through testing the research hypothesis. The population of this study was nurses and midwives, amounting to 51 respondents with a total sampling technique so that the number of respondents was 51. Statistical tests in the paired group used the nonparametric Wilcoxon test. Results: Based on the Wilcoxon test results obtained a p value of 0,001 which means there is a difference between pre and post training, Conclusion: BLS training has an effect on improving the BLS skills of nurses and midwives. BLS skills training needs to be carried out on an ongoing basis so that nurses and midwives have good skills in conducting BLS.
Kompetensi Pengkajian Primary Survey dengan Pendekatan Metode Journal Sharing Of Critical Care (JSCC) pada Mahasiswa Profesi Ners
Authors: Suwardianto Heru , Astuti Vitaria Wahyu
Published: December 2020

Background: Primary Survey is important to be achieved by nursing students in carrying out early detection of critical patient conditions. Innovation of learning methods is a challenge for teachers to improve the quality of student competencies. The research objective is the Primary Survey critical nursing competency with the method of journal sharing of critical care (JSCC) approach to nursing professional students. Methods: The research design is descriptive analytic. The study population was all professional students in 2020. The research sample was professional students in 2020 using total sampling. The size of the study sample was 39 respondents with the inclusion of students who had completed the medical surgical nursing profession and followed the critical nursing profession to completion. Primary Survey independent variable. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using data frequency distribution. Results: Showed that the most respondents had primary survey critical nursing competency values ​​obtained good value on the airway assessment of 53.8 respondents, breathing assessment of 56.4% of respondents, Circulation assessment of 61.5% of respondents, Disability assessment of 56.4 % of respondents, and Exprosure Assessment by 59% of respondents. Conclusion: The implementation of learning methods for journal sharing of critical care has a positive impact on student competencies to carry out primary survey assessments and produce good student competencies. It is not only the learning process that supports a competency but also the ability of students to follow the learning method.
Elements of Critical Infrastructure Resilience
Authors: Trifunović Darko
Published: December 2020

This Article points to key elements of Critical Infrastructure Resilience (CIR) and how they differ from Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP). CIP is still very important and one of the key systems
that the society relies upon to ensure the continuity of operation of CI. However, CIP cannot predict an adequate number of major threats that
would allow to conduct the preparedness and response at the level which
would ensure the sufficient operation of CI in all cases. In that sense
CIR sets a new paradigm with a quality that reduces vulnerability, minimizes the consequences of threats, accelerates response and recovery, and facilitates adaptation to a disruptive event. Some selected concepts of CIR with examples are presented in the Article that
should assist in further development and enhancement of resilience of subsystems and infrastructures as a whole, resulting in more secure CI.
ANALYSIS OF THE POSSIBILITY OF USING SMALL CUMULATIVE CHARGES TO NEUTRALIZE AMMUNITION
Authors: Khailov V. , Chebotar V. , Borshch V.
Published: December 2020

The article presents the results of a study of the possibilities of using small cumulative charges to neutralize (destroy) ammunition during demining operations or during their disposal. The relevance of research is proved and the efficiency of using small cumulative charges as liquidators' charges for neutralization (destruction) of ammunition during demining works or during their utilization is confirmed. The authors analyzed research and publications on explosive technologies, which cover the issues of blasting in construction, mining and military field. The basic principles of theoretical substantiation of the behavior of explosive charges at the established penetration of a cumulative jet, determination of critical characteristics of a cumulative jet necessary for initiation of detonation and estimation of mass of the reacted explosive at penetration of a cumulative jet into a charge without initiation of detonation are given. The composition and construction of small cumulative charges "MKZ-1", "MKZ-2", "MKZ-3" developed by OOO "Vognyana Varta" are considered. The results of field experiments during which the behavior of explosive charges under the influence of cumulative jet was studied. The use of cumulative charges as liquidators for explosive destruction of structures and devices equipped with loaded explosives without excitation of detonation are proposed and substantiated. According to the results of research, the effectiveness of the use of MKZ for neutralization (destruction) of ammunition during demining works or during their utilization is confirmed. It is proved that the developed MKZ meet the requirements for modern means of ammunition disposal and have satisfactory prospects for further improvement in reducing the mass of the explosive while increasing the effectiveness of the application.
Implementasi Akad Murabahah Dan Rahn Pada Produk Cicil Emas Di Bank Syari’ah Mandiri Kantor Cabang Pembantu Subang
Authors: Ai Siti Nurjadidah  , Jalaludin  , Damiri Ahmad
Published: December 2020

Investasi emas merupakan investasi yang relatif aman. Emas banyak dipergunakan sebagai standar keuangan di berbagai negeri di dunia, investasi emas berupa logam mulia adalah investasi yang paling mudah dikarenakan dapat digunakan sebagai pelindung nilai saat kritis, Namun untuk melakukan invetasi logam mulia, investor memerlukan biaya awal yang tidak sedikit. Guna mengatasi masalah tersebut bank syariah meluncurkan produk cicil emas dimana para nasabah dapat membeli emas secara cicil melalui bank syariah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui sistem akad murabahah dan akad Rahn pada produk pembiayaan Cicil Emas, implementasi akad pembiayaan murabahah dan akad rahn pada produk pembiayaan Cicil Emas di Bank Syari’ah Mandiri KCP Subang dan Manfaat pelaksanaan akad murabahah dan rahn dalam produk pembiayaan cicil emas di Bank Syari’ah Mandiri KCP Subang tahun 2019 metode deskriptif dengan jenis data kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengamatan, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Adapun sumber primernya adalah para pegawai BSM KCP Subang, dan dokumen BSM KCP Subang yang berhubungan dengan pembayaan Cicil Emas. Data sekundernya berupa buku-buku tentang ekonomi syari’ah, internet, dan data lainnya yang mendukung skripsi ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pengimplentasian sistem produk cicil emas di BSM KCP Subang sudah sesuai dengan syari’at ajaran islam. Permasalahan yang terjadi adalah kurangnya promosi atau sosialisasi yang diadakan oleh pihak BSM mengenai produk cicil emas ini.
Loyalty Programs: Foreign and Russian Experience
Authors: Berezka Svetlana
Published: December 2020

The aim of this paper is to identify the role of the loyalty programs in the Russian market. The methodology of the study based on the analysis of relevant publications and qualitative research using semi-structured interviews with experts in customer relationship and loyalty programs which were fulfilled in 2014–2015 in Russia and Austria. The article offers the definition of customer loyalty programs as relationship marketing tool, and contains the differentiation criteria from the frequency and reward schemes, also the role of customer loyalty programs for retail chains are investigated. The systematization of the reward types that are widely use in loyalty programs are provided. The paper contributes to the development of relationship marketing theory and customer loyalty programs issue.
Evaluating the Level of Company’s Customer Orientation: Developing a Complex Tool Adapted to the Russian Market
Authors: Gulakova Olga , Panin Vasiliy , Rebiazina Vera
Published: December 2020

Specific features of the emerging markets challenge the use of approaches designed for developed markets in emerging markets. Customer orientation as one of the key concepts of contemporary marketing requires a rethinking in the context of emerging markets. The purpose of the article is to develop a tool for a complex evaluation of the company’s customer orientation level adapted to the Russian market. The empirical study includes mixed qualitative-quantitative design: at the first stage we conducted a quantitative survey with representatives of 239 companies operating in the Russian market, at the second - 62 in-depth interviews. For the analysis of quantitative data we used an explanatory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). As a result the four factorial scale model consisting of 14 indicators was obtained. Drawing on in-depth interviews analysis, the scale was supplemented by the indicators expressing the specifics of customer orientation on the Russian market.
The impact of the news on the value and trading volume of the USA pharmaceutical companies stocks
Authors: Volodin Sergey , Zueva Ekaterina
Published: December 2020

Intensive development of the global pharmaceutical industry has led to a significant increase in its attractiveness to market investors. At the same time, there is a clear lack of academic work in world financial science that would reveal the specifics of the shares pricing for pharmaceutical companies, including the nature of the influence of various types of news information. The study made it possible to partially solve this problem, significantly expanding the range of available scientific conclusions. Based on a situational and econometric analysis, the authors characterized the influence of a wide range of news information on the dynamics of stock prices and trading volumes, assessed the possibility of insider trading. It is shown that usage of news information by investors can potentially lead to extra profit on market transactions. The findings of the study can be useful to both private and corporate investors, including portfolio managers, in transactions with shares of the world’s largest pharmaceutical companies.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of foreign direct investment impact on the activities of domestic companies during the sanctions period: industry aspect
Authors: Fedorova Elena , Nikolaev Aleksey , Rashchupkina Anna , Fedorov Fedor
Published: December 2020

The aim of the work is: 1. assessment of the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the performance of domestic companies before and after the imposition of sanctions in the industry context; 2. Evaluation of the performance of export-oriented domestic companies during the period of sanctions. As the assessment methodology were used panel regression, calculation of the Malmquist index, DEA analysis, and calculation of spillover effects. The empirical base of the study included more than 65 thousand companies for 2012-2018. It was found that the highest efficiency of companies with FDI compared to companies without FDI was observed in the following sectors: metallurgical production, chemical production, retail. Export companies show higher rates than national enterprises.
Очерк о климате, болезнях и их влиянии на средневековую демографию
Authors: Риер Яков
Published: December 2020

Essay on the impact of climate and diseases on medieval demography
The article is devoted to the most important issues of historical and legal medieval
studies – the influence of climate and disease on forming the economic and
demographic agenda. In particular, the author calls for a more extensive look at the
problems of «global warming», given the presence of climatic cycles. Besides, the
author emphasizes: political processes and, accordingly, many laws of past years and
today are formed under the influence of natural environmental trends.
Keywords: Middle Ages, Demography, Global Warming, Influence of Climate,
Political Reflections.

Очерк о климате, болезнях и их влиянии на средневековую демографию
Статья посвящена важнейшим вопросам историко-правовой медиевистики –
влиянию климата и болезней на формирование экономико-демографической
повестки. В частности, автор призывает смотреть более пространно на
проблематику «глобального потепления», учитывая наличие климатических
циклов. Кроме того, автор подчеркивает: политические процессы и,
соответственно, многие законы прошлых лет и дня сегодняшнего формируются
именно под влиянием естественных, энвайронменталистских тенденций.
The Third Data Release of the KODIAQ Survey
Authors: O’Meara John M. , Lehner Nicolas , Howk J. Christopher , Prochaska J. Xavier
Published: December 2020

We present and make publicly available the third data release (DR3) of the Keck Observatory Database of Ionized Absorption toward Quasars (KODIAQ) survey. KODIAQ DR3 consists of a fully reduced sample of 727 quasars at 0.1 < z
em < 6.4 observed with the Echellette Sepctrograph and Imager at moderate resolution (4000 ≤ R ≤ 10,000). DR3 contains 872 spectra available in flux calibrated form, representing a sum total exposure time of ∼2.8 megaseconds. These coadded spectra arise from a total of 2753 individual exposures of quasars taken from the Keck Observatory Archive (KOA) in raw form and uniformly processed using a data reduction package made available through the XIDL distribution. DR3 is publicly available to the community, housed as a higher level science product at the KOA and in the igmspec database.
Flaring and Spot Activities on the Semi-detached Binary System KIC 06852488
Authors: Shi Xiang-dong , Qian Sheng-bang , Li Lin-jia , Liu Nian-ping
Published: December 2020

The continuous and unbroken time-series photometry data of Kepler and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) provide a good opportunity to study the continuous variations in the light curve of binary stars. This paper reports the discoveries of the correlation between the two maxima on the light curve of KIC 06852488 and the correlation between the O’Connell effect and the O − C curve. The Max I and Max II vary with a same cycle length of ∼2000 days and a 180° phase difference, and the variation of the Max II coincides with the O − C curve of the primary light minima. After analyzing the Kepler and TESS light curves, it is detected that this binary is a semi-detached system with a mass ratio of 0.4622(±0.0036). The secondary component is filling its critical Roche lobe, while the primary component is only filling 12.25(±0.10)% of the lobe volume that contributes more than 85% luminosity of the total system. The variation of the O’Connell effect could be explained by an evolving hot spot on the primary component and an evolving cool spot on the secondary component. It is found that their positions are symmetrical with the inner Lagrange L1 point. After subtracting the binary brightness changes, six optical flares are detected that come from the cool secondary. We calculated the energy of flares and found that all of the flares are superflares. Both the flares and an evolving dark spot on the lobe-filling secondary component make the system a very interesting source to investigate the effects of binary interaction on the magnetic activities.
Probing the Milky Way’s Dark Matter Halo for the 3.5 keV Line
Authors: Sicilian Dominic , Cappelluti Nico , Bulbul Esra , Civano Francesca , Moscetti Massimo , Reynolds Christopher S.
Published: December 2020

We present a comprehensive search for the 3.5 keV line using ∼51 Ms of archival Chandra observations peering through the Milky Way’s dark matter halo from across the entirety of the sky, gathered via the Chandra Source Catalog Release 2.0. We consider the data’s radial distribution, organizing observations into four data subsets based on angular distance from the Galactic center. All data are modeled using both background-subtracted and background-modeled approaches to account for the particle instrument background, demonstrating the statistical limitations of the currently available ∼1 Ms of particle background data. A nondetection is reported in the total data set, allowing us to set an upper limit on 3.5 keV line flux and constrain the sterile neutrino dark matter mixing angle. The upper limit on sin2(2θ) is

(though systematic uncertainty may increase this by a factor of ∼2), corresponding to an upper limit on 3.5 keV line flux of

photons s−1 cm−2. These limits show consistency with recent constraints and several prior detections. Nondetections are reported in all radial data subsets, allowing us to constrain the spatial profile of 3.5 keV line intensity, which does not conclusively differ from Navarro–Frenk–White predictions. Thus, while offering heavy constraints, we do not entirely rule out the sterile neutrino dark matter scenario or the more general decaying dark matter hypothesis for the 3.5 keV line. We have also used the nondetection of any unidentified emission lines across our continuum to further constrain the sterile neutrino parameter space.
The Formation of an Atypical Sunspot Light Bridge as a Result of Large-scale Flux Emergence
Authors: Louis Rohan E. , Beck Christian , Choudhary Debi P.
Published: December 2020

We use a combination of full-disk data from the Solar Dynamics Observatory and high-resolution data from the Dunn Solar Telescope (DST) to study the formation, structure, and evolution of an atypical light bridge (LB) in a regular sunspot. The LB results from the emergence of magnetic flux with one footpoint rooted in a pore outside the parent sunspot that appears about 17 hr before the LB. The pore has a polarity opposite to that of the sunspot and recedes from it at a speed of about 0.4 km s−1. This is accompanied by the development of an elongated magnetic channel in the outer penumbra that triggers the formation of the LB when it reaches the inner penumbral boundary. The LB is a nearly horizontal structure with a field strength of about 1.2 kG that exhibits long-lived photospheric blueshifts of about 0.85 km s−1 along its entire length. The emergence of the LB leads to dynamic surges in the chromosphere and transition region about 13 minutes later. We derive the photospheric and chromospheric structure of the LB in the DST data from spectral line parameters and inversions of He i at 1083 nm, Si i at 1082.7 nm, Ca ii IR at 854 nm, and H
α
at 656 nm and speckle-reconstructed imaging at 700 and 430 nm. The LB shows an elongated filamentary shape in the photosphere without lateral extrusions. The thermal inversion of Ca ii IR reveals the LB to be about 600–800 K hotter than the umbra. Different sections of the LB are elevated to heights between 400 and 700 km. Our results indicate that LB formation is part of a flux emergence event with the LB envelope reaching a height of about 29 Mm before dissolving after about 13 hr. We conclude that the existence of persistent, large-scale photospheric blueshifts in LBs is the most likely criterion for distinguishing between flux emergence events and overturning convection in field-free umbral intrusions.
Frequency of Tidal Features Correlates with Age and Internal Structure of Early-type Galaxies
Authors: Yoon Yongmin , Lim Gu
Published: December 2020

Previous studies suggest that compact young early-type galaxies (ETGs) were formed by recent mergers. However, it has not yet been revealed whether tidal features that are direct evidence of recent mergers are detected frequently around compact young ETGs. Here, we investigate how the fraction of ETGs having tidal features (f

T
) depends on age and internal structure (compactness, color gradient, and dust lanes) of ETGs, using 650 ETGs with M

r
 ≤ −19.5 in 0.015 ≤ z ≤ 0.055 that are in deep coadded images of the Stripe 82 region of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We find that tidal features are more frequent in younger ETGs and more compact ETGs, so that compact young ETGs with ages  ≲6 Gyr have high f

T
of ∼0.7 compared to their less compact or old counterparts with ages  ≳ 9 Gyr that have f

T
 ≲ 0.1. Among compact young ETGs, those with blue cores have ∼3 times higher f

T
than those with red cores. In addition, ETGs with dust lanes have ∼4 times higher f

T
than those without dust lanes. Our results provide direct evidence that compact young ETGs especially with blue cores and ETGs with dust lanes are involved in recent mergers. Based on our results and several additional assumptions, we roughly estimate the typical visible time of tidal features after a merger, which is ∼3 Gyr in the depth of the Stripe 82 coadded images.
Toward Extremely Precise Radial Velocities. II. A Tool for Using Multivariate Gaussian Processes to Model Stellar Activity
Authors: Gilbertson Christian , Ford Eric B. , Jones David E. , Stenning David C.
Published: December 2020

The radial velocity method is one of the most successful techniques for the discovery and characterization of exoplanets. Modern spectrographs promise measurement precision of 0.2–0.5 m s−1 for an ideal target star. However, the intrinsic variability of stellar spectra can mimic and obscure true planet signals at these levels. Rajpaul et al. and Jones et al. proposed applying a physically motivated, multivariate Gaussian process (GP) to jointly model the apparent Doppler shift and multiple indicators of stellar activity as a function of time, so as to separate the planetary signal from various forms of stellar variability. These methods are promising, but performing the necessary calculations can be computationally intensive and algebraically tedious. In this work, we present a flexible and computationally efficient software package, GPLinearODEMaker.jl, for modeling multivariate time series using a linear combination of univariate GPs and their derivatives. The package allows users to easily and efficiently apply various multivariate GP models and different covariance kernel functions. We demonstrate GPLinearODEMaker.jl by applying the Jones et al. model to fit measurements of the apparent Doppler shift and activity indicators derived from simulated active solar spectra time series affected by many evolving starspots. We show how GPLinearODEMaker.jl makes it easy to explore the effect of different choices for the GP kernel. We find that local kernels could significantly increase the sensitivity and precision of Doppler planet searches relative to the widely used quasiperiodic kernel.
The Emergence of the X-Ray Luminosity/Cluster Richness Relation for Radio Galaxies
Authors: Garofalo David , Singh Chandra B.
Published: December 2020

The idea that mergers are more likely in dense groups or clusters coupled with the assumption that such events lead to cold gas flows onto black holes suggests a direct relationship between the radiative efficiency of an active galactic nucleus and environmental richness. Observations, however, increasingly challenge this and other basic expectations. Mounting evidence, for example, shows an inverse trend between near-Eddington accreting objects and environmental richness. Broken down by radio galaxy subgroup, recent work has explored connections between low excitation radio galaxies with Fanaroff–Riley II jet morphology (FR II LERGs) and other radio galaxies. We make contact with that work by adding a discussion of the recently discovered FR0 radio galaxies and show how to fit them in a picture in which FRII LERGs are not initial or final phases in the lifetime of a radio galaxy, but de facto transition states. We describe how to understand the observed X-ray luminosity/cluster richness relation as a fundamental correlation to the nature of the jet–disk connection.
Probing Interstellar Grain Growth through Polarimetry in the Taurus Cloud Complex
Authors: Vaillancourt John E. , Andersson B-G , Clemens Dan P. , Piirola Vilppu , Hoang Thiem , Becklin Eric E. , Caputo Miranda
Published: December 2020

The optical and near-infrared (OIR) polarization of starlight is typically understood to arise from the dichroic extinction of that light by dust grains whose axes are aligned with respect to a local magnetic field. The size distribution of the aligned-grain population can be constrained by measurements of the wavelength dependence of the polarization. The leading physical model for producing the alignment is that of radiative alignment torques (RATs), which predicts that the most efficiently aligned grains are those with sizes larger than the wavelengths of light composing the local radiation field. Therefore, for a given grain-size distribution, the wavelength at which the polarization reaches a maximum (

) should correlate with the characteristic reddening along the line of sight between the dust grains and the illumination source. A correlation between

and reddening has been previously established for extinctions up to

mag. We extend the study of this relationship to a larger sample of stars in the Taurus cloud complex, including extinctions

mag. We confirm the earlier results for

mag but find that the

versus A

V
relationship bifurcates above

mag, with part of the sample continuing the previously observed relationship. The remaining sample exhibits a steeper rise in

versus A

V
. We propose that the data exhibiting the steep rise represent lines of sight of high-density “clumps,” where grain coagulation has taken place. We present RAT-based modeling supporting these hypotheses. These results indicate that multiband OIR polarimetry is a powerful tool for tracing grain growth in molecular clouds, independent of uncertainties in the dust temperature and emissivity.
Problèmes géographiques des transitions énergétiques : quelles perspectives pour l’évolution du système énergétique ?
Authors: Deshaies Michel
Published: December 2020

Les transitions énergétiques du XX e siècle ont créé un monde constitué de pays à des stades de développement différents, qui se traduisent par des consommations d’énergie primaire par habitant très inégales. La transition des énergies fossiles vers les énergies renouvelables va entraîner de profonds changements géographiques. Mais, pour que ces changements puissent se produire, encore faut-il que soient surmontées de nombreuses contraintes techniques et géographiques qui freinent le développement des énergies renouvelables. Cette transition énergétique ne peut être qu’un processus très long, au fur et à mesure que sera reconfiguré le système énergétique dans les différentes catégories de pays. Classification JEL : Q42, N50, O20
Why Yacht Rudders Break
Authors: Klaka K
Published: December 2020

For most sailing yachts, losing a rudder is probably the most catastrophic structural failure other than losing the keel. Rudder failure happens with distressing regularity. This paper examines the hypothesis that the underlying reason is design failure. There are many qualitative decisions to be taken in the design calculation process. Example calculations are presented which show that the maximum rudder force generated in steady state conditions is easily underestimated. For a typical spade rudder of a typical modern production sailing yacht, the normal rudder force should be calculated using a boat speed of at least 125% hull speed, and a force coefficient of at least 1.3. Care must be taken in selecting an appropriate value for the allowable stress of the material used for the stock.
An Application of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process to Overcapacity Absorbing Methods in Container Shipping
Authors: Kamal B , Kara G , Okşaş O
Published: December 2020

The market in container shipping has been characterised as highly cyclical. In a depressed stage of the cycle, with a sharp decrease in demand, the gap between supply and demand widens significantly leading to a deepening overcapacity in the sector. In order to reduce overcapacity in the container shipping sector specific actions have been undertaken by such shipping operators. This paper describes a study which modelled certain selection criteria applied to overcapacity absorbing methods for containership companies. The relative ranking of each criterion was determined through a fuzzy- AHP method. In order to conduct the method, five main and twenty seven sub-criteria were determined. The results of this approach showed that during the times of a collapsed market the most preferred type of overcapacity absorbing method is to lay-up vessels, followed by adopting slow-steaming and thirdly, scrapping. Newbuilding contract cancellation/postponement and service suspension were found to have the least effect.
Conditional Assessment System for Reinforced Concrete Marine Structures – A Case Study
Authors: Vanama R K , Ramakrishnan B , Balasubramanian K , Patil S
Published: December 2020

Current study mainly focusses on the development of a conditional assessment system for reinforced concrete structures present in marine environment demonstrating with a case study of cargo berths (CB) at Deendayal Port Trust, Kandla, Gujarat, India. The maximum tidal range at the study area is nearly 8m, making the field non-destructive tests (NDT) challenging. The proposed assessment system is based on the damage level classification (DLC) of structure, evaluated by a set of widely used NDTs. The study further investigates the usage of DLC system in comparison with the Condition Rating (CR) method developed by Verma et al. NDTs were conducted at 182 locations between CB 7-10 and observed that the condition of the marine structure, indicated by CR system and DLC system is similar irrespective of their different test approaches. The proposed DLC assessment system is reliable, quick, efficient and requires relatively lesser efforts compared to the CR system.
Retrofitting of Flettner Rotors – Results From Sea Trials of the General Cargo Ship “Fehn Pollux”
Authors: Vahs M
Published: December 2020

In 2018, a German- Dutch project consortium under the scientific direction of the Emden/Leer University of Applied Sciences retrofitted and commissioned the latest rotor development of the Eco-Flettner type on the test ship Fehn Pollux of the Leer-based shipping company Fehn Ship Management. Main design features are both upper and lower endplates with large diameter for improved aerodynamic performance and modular manufacturing. The retrofitting concept is groundbreaking in terms of easy transferability to other ships. Upscaling to a significant share of the world merchant fleet could make a substantial and realizable contribution to climate protection in the short term and potentially reduced transport costs in the long term. The most frequently asked question in connection with modern sail drives is about the performance potential and the associated fuel savings. Transparent performance data is required to enable an economic prognosis for the use of Flettner rotors on ships. The Faculty of Maritime Sciences at Emden/ Leer University of Applied Sciences has developed an automatic control and monitoring system for Flettner rotors that also records extensive operating and environmental data. The data shows that all previous assumptions and model calculations are basically correct. With regard to the performance potential, the first series of measurements show even higher rotor forces compared with model calculations. This is a further benefit for Flettner rotor efficiency and could help the technology achieve a breakthrough as a building block for low-emission shipping.