bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating Correlations and the Validation of SMAP-Sentinel L2 and In Situ Soil Moisture in Thailand
Authors: Jotisankasa Apiniti , Torsri Kritanai , Supavetch Soravis , Sirirodwattanakool Kajornsak , Thonglert Nuttasit , Sawangwattanaphaibun Rati , Faikrua Apiwat , Peangta Pattarapoom , Akaranee Jakrapop
Published: October 2023

Soil moisture plays a crucial role in various hydrological processes and energy partitioning of the global surface. The Soil Moisture Active Passive-Sentinel (SMAP-Sentinel) remote-sensing technology has demonstrated great potential for monitoring soil moisture with a maximum spatial resolution of 1 km. This capability can be applied to improve the weather forecast accuracy, enhance water management for agriculture, and managing climate-related disasters. Despite the techniques being increasingly used worldwide, their accuracy still requires field validation in specific regions like Thailand. In this paper, we report on the extensive in situ monitoring of soil moisture (from surface up to 1 m depth) at 10 stations across Thailand, spanning the years 2021 to 2023. The aim was to validate the SMAP surface-soil moisture (SSM) Level 2 product over a period of two years. Using a one-month averaging approach, the study revealed linear relationships between the two measurement types, with the coefficient of determination (R-squared) varying from 0.13 to 0.58. Notably, areas with more uniform land use and topography such as croplands tended to have a better coefficient of determination. We also conducted detailed soil core characterization, including soil–water retention curves, permeability, porosity, and other physical properties. The basic soil properties were used for estimating the correlation constants between SMAP and in situ soil moistures using multiple linear regression. The results produced R-squared values between 0.933 and 0.847. An upscaling approach to SMAP was proposed that showed promising results when a 3-month average of all measurements in cropland was used together. The finding also suggests that the SMAP-Sentinel remote-sensing technology exhibits significant potential for soil-moisture monitoring in certain applications. Further validation efforts and research, particularly in terms of root-zone depths and area-based assessments, especially in the agricultural sector, can greatly improve the technology’s effectiveness and usefulness in the region.
Observing Liquid Sloshing Based on a Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Pendulum Model and Free Surface Fluctuation Sensor
Authors: Qi Xiaojing , Zhang Yingchao , Gao Bolin
Published: October 2023

Rollover prevention of partially filled tank trucks is an ongoing challenge in the road transportation industry, with the core challenge being real-time perception and observation of the liquid state inside the tank. In order to realize reliable observation of a sloshing liquid, this article first proposes a sloshing modeling method based on a multi-degree-of-freedom pendulum model and derives the double mass trammel pendulum model (DMTP, 2DOF) accordingly, which accurately reflects the sloshing dynamics under wider operating conditions. Second, a free surface fluctuation sensor is designed based on magnetostriction, capable of measuring the inclination and height of the liquid level inside tanks filled with hazardous chemicals. Finally, the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is utilized to synthesize the information of the two, establishing a credible real-time observation of the sloshing liquid. Verified using a vehicle–fluid coupled co-simulation, under the condition of a consecutive double lane change, the observation error of the proposed method is only 25.9% of that of the open-loop calculation, providing a secure guarantee for the observation of the state variables of the single pendulum model (SP) used for most kinds of anti-rollover control.
Working Conditions of Venezuelan Immigrants in Cúcuta, Los Patios and La Parada (Colombia): Decent Work?
Authors: Cuberos María-Antonia , Albornoz-Arias Neida , Ramírez-Martínez Carolina , Santafé-Rojas Akever-Karina
Published: October 2023

Migration processes entail a change in the conditions of the existence of its protagonists as they integrate into a new life, where work is of paramount importance. For this reason, it is interesting to know the working conditions of immigrants when they settle in the new host country, as it is up to the latter to design policies that strengthen their integration, with decent work being relevant, as it has an impact on the well-being of these people, as set out in the great challenge of the Global Compact. Thus, a study was conducted on the working conditions of Venezuelan immigrants settled in the border cities of Cúcuta, Los Patios, and La Parada (Colombia) using a quantitative methodology through a multidimensional analysis of the factors related to their occupation, projecting a perceptual map with similarities and differences that show the characteristics of their current working conditions. These findings made it possible to determine that the current working conditions do not correspond to decent work, which requires the design of proposals by those who manage the governance of migration that favour labour insertion and the achievement of the sustainable development objective of decent work.
Noise and Legal Dispute: Applications and Limits of the Italian Standard UNI/TS 11844
Authors: Serpilli Fabio , Di Loreto Samantha , Lori Valter , Montelpare Sergio
Published: October 2023

In forensic acoustics, a possible area of analysis is represented by unwanted sound that is perceived as a source of intrusion or disturbance within a certain auditory context. This context is defined as the “auditory scene” and refers to the set of sounds present in a specific environment. The presence of unwanted sounds in the auditory scene can cause a wide range of negative effects, including disturbance, discomfort, moral or immoral harm, and other types of negative impacts on the health and well-being of individuals exposed to noise. In 2022, the technical specification UNI/TS 11844:2022 dedicated to the measurement and analysis of intrusive noise was published. The standard introduces the concept of intrusive noise and defines its calculation methods based on environmental measurements. The purposes of this technical specification is to provide an objective support to methods already in used in acoustic disputes, where the assessment of the annoyance of a noise is often a subjective evaluation of the technician. This work delves into application to some real cases, identifying the potentiality and limits of the standardized method.
A Walkability Index including Pedestrians’ Perception of Built Environment: The Case Study of Milano Rogoredo Station
Authors: Trolese Marco , De Fabiis Francesco , Coppola Pierluigi
Published: October 2023

Active modes can play a key role in the transition toward sustainable urban mobility, and transport systems should be designed to support and incentivize them. For instance, walking accessibility to main urban centralities is a factor to pay attention to, as well as the way in which pedestrians perceive the characteristics of the infrastructure and the surrounding environment should also be considered. This study proposes a method for computing a walkability index of the paths for accessing transport nodes (e.g., railway station). The index is based on individuals’ perception of walkable infrastructure features (e.g., kerbside width, presence of urban furniture, greenery, etc.). It allows having a more realistic view of the catchment area of the node and to identify policies for improving pedestrian accessibility. The method has been validated using an ad-hoc survey in the area of the Milano Rogoredo railway station (Italy). The map of the estimated walkability indexes is consistent with the real conditions of the Milano Rogoredo neighbourhood and allows for identifying those areas where walkability can be improved.
Research on the Impact of the Digital Economy on Carbon Pollution Based on the National Big Data Comprehensive Pilot Zone in China
Authors: Liu Mingguang , Li Gaoyang
Published: October 2023

The digital economy (DE) is increasingly recognized as a principal driver of high-quality economic development. With the dual carbon goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, it is essential to urgently discuss whether the DE can also provide an aid to restrain carbon pollution. For this reason, the purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of the DE on urban carbon pollution and its underlying mechanism, utilizing balance panel data for Chinese cities from 2012 to 2021. Additionally, this study adopts the quasi-natural experiment in the National Big Data Comprehensive Pilot Zone to empirically analyze this relationship using the Difference-in-Differences (DID) and mediating effect models. The findings indicate that the DE can significantly decrease carbon pollution, exhibiting a clear carbon pollution reduction effect. These conclusions remain valid even after implementing various robustness tests. This examination of the action mechanism reveals that it is effective for the DE to mitigate urban carbon pollution by enhancing energy efficiency and attracting foreign investment. Further analysis of heterogeneity reveals that it is more effective for the DE to reduce carbon pollution in the non-resource-based cities, large cities, eastern regions, and cities with high urbanization levels as compared to the resource-based cities, small or mega cities, central and western regions, and cities with a low level of urbanization. These findings not only offer robust objective evidence for the positive influence of the DE on carbon pollution reduction, but also present valuable policy implications for minimizing carbon pollution and enhancing environmental quality.
Innovation as a Tool for Sustainable Development in Small and Medium Size Enterprises in Slovakia
Authors: Loučanová Erika , Nosáľová Martina , Olšiaková Miriam , Štofková Zuzana , Dumiter Florin Cornel , Nicoară Ștefania Amalia , Boiță Marius
Published: October 2023

Background: In the current global market, innovations are one of the tools of sustainable development. Therefore, companies must change their attitudes toward innovation strategies in accordance with international and national environmental standards, laws, and market requirements. We often come across, in particular, the evaluation of economic factors of sustainability, which cannot capture the attitudes of companies to the solved issue of the perception of innovation as a tool of sustainable development. Therefore, the Kano model and cluster analysis are used to evaluate the attitudes of Slovak small and medium-sized enterprises towards innovation, and the aim of this paper is to evaluate innovation as a tool of sustainability in enterprises in Slovakia. Methods: This article’s main research method is the Kano model and cluster analysis. Conclusions: The findings of this paper reveal how small and medium-sized enterprises in Slovakia perceive innovation as a tool for sustainable development. Based on the results, we can state the positive attitude of small and medium-sized enterprises towards innovations supporting sustainable development, focusing on frugal innovations characterized by cost reduction, as well as innovation targeting functions, standards, laws, and performance optimization. They perceive these innovations as attractive and their implementation in corporate structures as a basic function for sustainable development through innovation.
A Study on a Communication-Based Algorithm to Improve Protection Coordination under High-Impedance Fault in Networked Distribution Systems
Authors: Noh Juan , Gham Seungjun , Yoon Myungseok , Chae Wookyu , Kim Woohyun , Choi Sungyun
Published: October 2023

The rising demand for stable power supply in distribution systems has increased the importance of reliable supply. Thus, a networked distribution system (NDS) linked with individual lines is being adopted, gradually replacing the radial distribution system (RDS) currently applied to most distribution systems. Implementing the NDS can lead to various improvements in factors such as line utilization rate, acceptance rates of distributed power, and terminal voltages, while mitigating line losses. However, compared with the RDS, the NDS can experience bidirectional fault currents owing to its interconnected lines, thereby hindering protection coordination, which must be addressed before the NDS can be implemented in real-world power systems. Due to the characteristics of NDS, the reverse fault current is relatively small. However, this phenomenon becomes more severe when the high impedance fault (HIF) occurs. In this paper, the malfunction of protective devices during the HIF is directly verified and analyzed in the NDS. As a result, when the HIF occurs, the issue of the reverse protective device malfunctioning worsens because of a reduction in fault current and a failure in direction detection. To solve this issue, this work proposes a communication-based protection algorithm. Through the comparative verification of the proposed algorithm and the conventional protection method, protection coordination can be secured in the case of an HIF without new devices. It must be highlighted that the proposed method does not affect the settings of the protective device and provides a cost-effective and efficient solution since this algorithm is added independently to the existing relay.
Development of Green Leather Alternative from Natural Rubber and Pineapple Leaf Fiber
Authors: Duangsuwan Sorn , Junkong Preeyanuch , Phinyocheep Pranee , Thanawan Sombat , Amornsakchai Taweechai
Published: October 2023

In the present research, a plant-based leather substitute material or leather alternative was developed from natural rubber (NR) and pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) using a simple process. Pineapple leaf fiber was extracted from waste pineapple leaves using a mechanical method. Untreated PALF (UPALF) and sodium hydroxide-treated PALF (TPALF) were then formed into non-woven sheets using a paper making process. PALF non-woven sheets were then coated with compounded natural rubber latex at three different NR/PALF ratios, i.e., 60/40, 50/50, and 40/60. Epoxidized natural rubber with an epoxidation level of 10% (ENR) was used as an adhesion promoter, and its content was varied at 5, 10, and 15% by weight of the total rubber. The obtained leathers were characterized in terms of tensile properties, tear strength, and hardness. The internal structure of the leathers was observed with a scanning electron microscope. Comparison of these properties was made against those reported in the literature. It was found that the leather with NR/PALF equal to 50/50 was the most satisfactory; that prepared from TPALF was softer and had greater extension at break. With the addition of ENR at 5%, the stress-strain curve of each respective leather increased significantly, and as the amount of ENR was increased to 10 and 15%, the stresses at corresponding strains dropped to lower values but remained higher than that without ENR. PALF leather prepared in this study has comparable or better properties than other alternative leathers reported in the literature and is much stronger than that made from mushrooms. Thus, this type of leather alternative offers unique characteristics of being bio-based and having a lower carbon footprint.
Simultaneous Phycoremediation and Lipid Production by Microalgae Grown in Non-Sterilized and Sterilized Anaerobically Digested Brewery Effluent
Authors: Yirgu Zenebe , Asfaw Seyoum Leta , Dekebo Ahmed Hussen , Khan Mohammed Mazharuddin , Aragaw Temesgen
Published: October 2023

Microalgae have the ability to utilize nutrients present in wastewater and generate biomass that is abundant in carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. The ability of microalgae to integrate wastewater management and biofuel production makes them a promising solution for enhancing environmental sustainability. The objective of this study was to assess the potential of local microalgae, Scenedesmus sp., to simultaneously remediate wastewater and produce lipids. The microalgae were cultivated in anaerobically digested brewery effluent, both sterilized and non-sterilized, to evaluate their phycoremediation and lipid production capabilities. The phycoremediation study was investigated by measuring chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), ammonium–nitrogen (NH4+-N), and total phosphorus (TP) removal from brewery effluent. Lipids were extracted from microalgal biomass without and with pretreatment methods, such as microwave, autoclave, osmotic stress, oven heating, and HCl digestion in a water bath, to enhance lipid extraction. Results indicate that Scenedesmus sp. achieves higher biomass production in non-sterilized brewery effluent compared to sterilized brewery effluent. Conversely, it attains higher lipid accumulation in sterilized brewery effluent compared to non-sterilized brewery effluent. Scenedesmus sp. also attained a higher removal of TP (69.32%) and COD (77.78%) in non-sterilized effluent, but TN (96.14%) in sterilized brewery effluent. The removal of NH4+-N was nearly 100% in both effluents. The maximum lipid content obtained was 14.79%, which was enhanced by 39.06%, 23.89%, 15.81%, 11.61%, and 4.78% after microwave, HCl digestion, autoclave, osmotic, and oven heating pretreatments, respectively. The findings of this study demonstrate that local microalgae have a great potential for wastewater remediation with lipid production using appropriate pretreatment methods.
Medium- and Long-Term Prediction of Airport Carbon Emissions under Uncertain Conditions Based on the LEAP Model
Authors: Ye Wenjing , Wan Lili , Wang Zhan , Ye Wenhui , Chen Jinhui , Lv Yangyang , Shan Zhanpeng , Wang Huazhong , Jiang Xinyue
Published: October 2023

As important nodes in the air transport system, it is of great significance for airports to achieve the carbon-peaking goal before 2030 under the target of peaking carbon emissions in China’s civil aviation industry. However, it remains unknown whether airports will be able to realize this ambitious goal due to a variety of uncertain factors, such as the social economy, epidemic impact, and emission reduction measures. According to the possibilities of uncertain factors, 12 uncertain scenarios were constructed. Using the case of Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport (CAN), this study predicted medium- and long-term carbon emission trends under 12 uncertain scenarios based on the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System (LEAP) model. Furthermore, the effects of carbon abatement measures and emission reduction responsibilities were analyzed. The results show that CAN cannot guarantee that it will realize the goal under the established abatement policy. If socioeconomic development is rapid, carbon emissions will peak at about 90 kt tons in 2030, and if socioeconomic development is slow, it will plateau at about 1 million tons between 2030 and 2035. What is more, airlines bear the greatest responsibility for reducing emissions, and technological progress measures have the highest abatement potential. This study provides decision support for airport stakeholders in abatement work so as to ensure that airports can achieve the carbon-peaking goal.
Workplace Bullying Experience Predicts Same-Day Affective Rumination but Not Next Morning Mood: Results from a Moderated Mediation Analysis Based on a One-Week Daily Diary Study
Authors: Auweiler Lisa , Lang Jessica , Thissen Maria , Pauli Roman
Published: October 2023

The link between workplace bullying and impaired employee psychological health is well established. Insights into the role of cognitive processes in reaction to stressful events, as well as personality traits in this relationship, remain scarce. In this study, we investigated moderated mediation models that link workplace bullying with employee well-being and mood. The study employs both cross-sectional and longitudinal methodologies within the same group of employees with workplace bullying experience (n = 59). Results from a cross-sectional survey show that affective rumination fully mediates the link between workplace bullying and employee well-being. Contrarily, findings from a daily diary study indicate that day-to-day variations in bullying experiences do not affect the subsequent morning mood. Thus, workplace bullying primarily acts through affective ruminative thinking rather than having a direct effect, especially on individuals low in neuroticism. These insights contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the relevance of repetitive cognitive processes and personality traits as mechanisms that link workplace bullying with psychological well-being. Implications include the need for a better understanding of the accumulation processes of persistent ruminative thought and the relevance of stressor pile-up to explain spillover effects into the next day in order to understand long-term health impairment.
Education for Environmental Citizenship in Pre-Service Teachers: Potentialities and Limitations of a Pedagogical Approach Applied at a Distance
Authors: Linhares Elisabete , Reis Pedro
Published: October 2023

The 21st century can be defined as the era of “global environmental crisis”. The education for environmental citizenship pedagogical approach is a strategy with potentialities for meeting the challenge of a sustainable future. This case study sought to evaluate the effect of an ecology course, organized according to the education for environmental citizenship pedagogical approach and supported by Web 2.0 tools, on a group of Portuguese female pre-service teachers (n = 21). No previous studies resorted to this approach to organize courses for initial teacher training or used Web 2.0 to support its implementation. Thorough semi-structured interviews and the analysis of the resources produced, it was found that the pre-service teachers considered the approach to be structured, interesting and motivating, with positive impacts on the development of several attributes of an environmental citizen. The experience with the pedagogical approach fostered the didactic knowledge of the pre-service teachers, regarding how to implement activities of this nature. The Web 2.0 tools used to support the implementation of the pedagogical approach—Facebook and MindMeister—were positively appreciated by the participants. However, some identified difficulties suggest the necessity of using other platforms more frequented by youngsters. The distance-learning context imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic did not function as a big barrier to the pedagogical approach’s implementation. Suggestions for future research are presented, built on the limitations of this study.
Improved Capacitance of Electropolymerized Aniline Using Magnetic Fields
Authors: McLeod William T. , Sheelam Anjaiah , Kroiss Aspen K. , Bell Jeffrey G.
Published: October 2023

With the rise in intermittent energy production methods and portable electronics, energy storage devices must continue to improve. Supercapacitors are promising energy storage devices that are known for their rapid charging and discharging, but poor energy density. Experimentally, one can improve the energy density by improving the operating cell voltage and/or improving the overall capacitance, which have traditionally been achieved using difficult, complicated, or expensive syntheses involving additional chemicals or many steps. In this work, we demonstrate a method to improve the capacitance of electropolymerized polyaniline (PANI, a conductive polymer common in supercapacitor applications) with zero additional energy input or chemical additives: the use of a permanent magnet. Using a pulsed-potential polymerization method, we show that the inclusion of a 530 mT magnetic field, placed directly under the surface of the working electrode during electropolymerization, can result in a PANI film with a capacitance of 190.6 mF; compare this to the same polymerization performed in the absence of a magnetic field, which has a significantly lower capacitance of 109.7 mF. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicates that PANIs formed in the presence of magnetic fields demonstrate improved capacitor behavior, as well as lower internal resistance, when compared to PANIs formed in the absence of magnetic fields. To probe the performance and stability of PANI films synthesized in the presence and absence of magnetic fields, galvanostatic charge–discharge was completed for symmetric capacitor configurations. Interestingly, the PANI films formed in the presence of 530 mT magnetic fields maintained their capacitance for over 75,000 cycles, whereas the PANI films formed in the absence of magnet fields suffered serious capacitance losses after only 29,000 cycles. Furthermore, it is shown that performing the polymerization in magnetic fields results in a higher-capacitance polymer film than what is achieved using other methods of forced convection (i.e., mechanical stirring) and outperforms the expected capacitance (based on yield) by 13%, suggesting an influence beyond the magnetohydrodynamic effect.
Development of the Diversity Concept for the Construction Sector: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Dhanasekar Yuvaraj , Anandh Kaliyaperumal Sugirthamani , Szóstak Mariusz
Published: October 2023

The significance of a diverse workforce in organizations has been increasingly recognized over the past two decades due to its substantial impact on both organizational and employee performance. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of research articles on workforce diversity in the construction sector using the Scopus and Web of Science databases. A total of 197 articles were included in the review, revealing a marked increase in research on diversity in the construction industry, with 147 articles published between 2011–2023 compared to 50 articles between 2000–2010. The University of New South Wales emerged as the most productive institution with eleven articles, followed by Loughborough University with eight articles and Universidad De Sevilla with seven articles. This study found that 459 authors contributed to the production of 197 articles. This study underscores the critical importance of diversity in the construction sector and calls for further research to devise effective diversity management strategies. It contributes to the literature by being the first bibliometric review of its kind in this sector, offering valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and industry practitioners. It enhances our understanding of the existing literature and helps identify potential avenues for future research. This original contribution to the field is expected to stimulate further scholarly discourse and practical advancements in managing workforce diversity in the construction industry.
Going Green: A Review on the Role of Motivation in Sustainable Behavior
Authors: Mastria Serena , Vezzil Alessandro , De Cesarei Andrea
Published: October 2023

Taking sustainable actions in daily life to reduce human impacts on the environment is becoming a matter of great urgency. It is therefore relevant to understand the factors behind people’s sustainable behavior. Several psychological frameworks emphasize the role of motivation in sustainable behavior. We conducted a review of the literature to examine the motivation–sustainability relationship, with the following objectives: (1) explore consumers’ perception of the value conveyed by green products or services; (2) understand the factors that modulate the relationship between motivation and sustainable behavior; and (3) provide avenues for future research in psychology and formulate recommendations for application. The review of the results from 40 publications indicates that the symbolic value associated with green products or services can influence consumers’ preferences, choices, and sustainable behaviors. However, the perceived value of green products or services is modulated by dispositional factors, those specific to the characteristics and history of an individual, and contextual factors, those specific to a product being evaluated or the context in which the evaluation takes place. The results are discussed in light of the motivational, emotional, and attentional processes involved in sustainable behavior.
Public Acceptance of Treated Wastewater Reuse in the Agricultural Sector in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alzahrani Fahad , Elsebaei Momtaz , Tawfik Rady
Published: October 2023

This paper examines public acceptance of reusing tertiary treated wastewater for agricultural purposes in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected through an online self-administered questionnaire from adults in the Al-Ahsa Governorate. A total of 344 eligible participants completed the survey. The results show that 77% of the participants supported the reuse of treated wastewater in agriculture. Most participants supported reusing treated wastewater because they trusted the authorities responsible for wastewater treatment and because it will augment water resources in Al-Ahsa. Participants who did not support reusing treated wastewater attributed their lack of support to health risks associated with reusing treated wastewater and for psychological reasons. Additional analysis for eight different agricultural applications showed that most participants supported the reuse of treated wastewater in applications with no direct connection to them (e.g., irrigation of public parks, green spaces, and woody trees and irrigation of animal feed crops). However, less than half of the participants supported the reuse of treated wastewater for other applications, especially for the irrigation of leafy green, raw, and cooked vegetables. Therefore, raising public awareness about the safety of reusing tertiary treated wastewater in agriculture should be a priority for authorities responsible for water management in Saudi Arabia.
Toward Sustainable Model Services for Deep Learning: A Sub-Network-Based Solution Integrating Blockchain with IPFS and a Use Case in Intelligent Transportation
Authors: Jiang Rui , Li Jiatao , Bu Weifeng , Chen Chongqing
Published: October 2023

In the era of deep learning as a service, ensuring that model services are sustainable is a key challenge. To achieve sustainability, the model services, including but not limited to storage and inference, must maintain model security while preserving system efficiency, and be applicable to all deep models. To address these issues, we propose a sub-network-based model storage and inference solution that integrates blockchain and IPFS, which includes a highly distributed storage method, a tamper-proof checking method, a double-attribute-based permission management method, and an automatic inference method. We also design a smart contract to deploy these methods in the blockchain. The storage method divides a deep model into intra-sub-network and inter-sub-network information. Sub-network files are stored in the IPFS, while their records in the blockchain are designed as a chained structure based on their encrypted address. Connections between sub-networks are represented as attributes of their records. This method enhances model security and improves storage and computational efficiency of the blockchain. The tamper-proof checking method is designed based on the chained structure of sub-network records and includes on-chain checking and IPFS-based checking stages. It efficiently and dynamically monitors model correctness. The permission management method restricts user permission based on the user role and the expiration time, further reducing the risk of model attacks and controlling system efficiency. The automatic inference method is designed based on the idea of preceding sub-network encrypted address lookup. It can distribute trusted off-chain computing resources to perform sub-network inference and use the IPFS to store model inputs and sub-network outputs, further alleviating the on-chain storage burden and computational load. This solution is not restricted to model architectures and division methods, or sub-network recording orders, making it highly applicable. In experiments and analyses, we present a use case in intelligent transportation and analyze the security, applicability, and system efficiency of the proposed solution, particularly focusing on the on-chain efficiency. The experimental results indicate that the proposed solution can balance security and system efficiency by controlling the number of sub-networks, thus it is a step towards sustainable model services for deep learning.
Bullying Experiences of Workers in Small-Sized Workplaces: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Kim Jin Ah
Published: October 2023

While the study of workplace bullying has been ongoing for 30 years, there remains a lack of research focused on small business workers, despite their vulnerability to workplace bullying due to personal, environmental, and social factors. Therefore, this study applied a phenomenological qualitative research method to identify the phenomenon of workplace bullying, which negatively influences the sustainable development of small-sized workplaces. Methods: This research employed Colaizzi’s phenomenological research approach to explore the meaning and core structure of workplace bullying experiences among individuals working in small businesses. The research included a sample of 10 participants, and data collection took place from May to July in 2023. This involved conducting individual interviews with each participant, varying in frequency from one to three times, and each lasting between one to three hours. Results: This study revealed several significant themes, including individuals feeling stigmatized as incompetent, experiencing gaslighting, having nowhere to run for escape, and often confronting dilemma situations. Moreover, these themes coalesced into two theme clusters: the sense of one’s identity being gradually eroded and a prevailing feeling of having nowhere to turn for help. Ultimately, the core theme that emerged from this research—“the dimly lit maze of life”—encapsulated the complex nature of these experiences. Conclusions: Eliminating workplace bullying for the long-term success and sustainable development of small-sized workplaces will require a united front, involving employers, employees, policymakers, and society at large. Therefore, as a methodology for practically addressing the problem of workplace bullying in small businesses, I propose a problem-solving-oriented participatory action research method based on an ecological model in which participants make a plan, implement the plan, observe the process, and reflect on the outcome of the implemented plan.
Examining Pre-Service Chemistry Teachers’ Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) of Using Data-Logging in the Chemistry Classroom
Authors: Deng Feng , Lan Wanrong , Sun Daner , Zheng Zhizi
Published: October 2023

In recent decades, the integration of technology, particularly data logging, has become a cornerstone of effective science teaching, placing increased emphasis on the cultivation of teachers’ Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). While the TPACK framework has garnered attention in science education, limited research has explored the interplay of TPACK components within a constructivist context, particularly in the context of data-logging-supported chemistry class. To bridge this research gap, this study conducted a comprehensive survey on TPACK with 181 pre-service chemistry teachers, probing their TPACK as it pertains to data logging. Results from both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses underscored the reliability and validity of the survey instrument. Subsequently, structural equation modeling was employed to illuminate the intricate relationships among various facets of TPACK. Findings suggested a sequential developmental pattern within TPACK, with teachers’ Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK), Technological Content Knowledge (TCK), and Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) all exerting a positive influence on their overall TPACK. Moreover, this study unveiled a significant correlation between pre-service chemistry teachers’ data-logging TPACK and their capacity for design thinking. Interestingly, gender differences in TPACK were negligible. In light of these findings, this study not only contributes to our understanding of TPACK development but also has practical implications for nurturing pre-service chemistry teachers’ proficiency in TPACK when using data-logging.
Advancement of Remote Sensing for Soil Measurements and Applications: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Abdulraheem Mukhtar Iderawumi , Zhang Wei , Li Shixin , Moshayedi Ata Jahangir , Farooque Aitazaz A. , Hu Jiandong
Published: October 2023

Remote sensing (RS) techniques offer advantages over other methods for measuring soil properties, including large-scale coverage, a non-destructive nature, temporal monitoring, multispectral capabilities, and rapid data acquisition. This review highlights the different detection methods, types, parts, and applications of RS techniques in soil measurements, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the measurements of soil properties. The choice of the methods depends on the specific requirements of the soil measurements task because it is important to consider the advantages and limitations of each method, as well as the specific context and objective of the soil measurements, to determine the most suitable RS technique. This paper follows a well-structured arrangement after investigating the existing literature to ensure a well-organized, coherent review and covers all the essential aspects related to studying the advancement of using RS in the measurements of soil properties. While several remote sensing methods are available, this review suggests spectral reflectance, which entails satellite remote sensing and other tools based on its global coverage, high spatial resolution, long-term monitoring capabilities, non-invasiveness, and cost effectiveness. Conclusively, RS has improved soil property measurements using various methods, but more research is needed for calibration, sensor fusion, artificial intelligence, validation, and machine learning applications to enhance accuracy and applicability.
Sequestration of Lead Ion in Aqueous Solution onto Chemically Pretreated Pycnanthus angolensis Seed Husk: Implications for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Ezugwu Arinze Longinus , Abugu Hillary Onyeka , Ucheana Ifeanyi Adolphus , Eze Samson Ifeanyi , Egbueri Johnbosco C. , Aigbodion Victor Sunday , Akpomie Kovo Godfrey
Published: October 2023

This novel study investigated and proposes the use of Pycnanthus angolensis seed husk for the sequestration of Pb(II) from contaminated solutions, with the aim of contributing to the urgent need for accessibility to quality water, sustainable management of water and the environment in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The activated Pycnanthus angolensis seed husk was developed by modifying the pure sample (P-PA) with ethylene-glycol (E-PA) and Iso-butanol (I-PA). Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyzer, thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) were used to characterize the adsorbents before and after adsorption. The batch adsorption studies carried out revealed the highest adsorption of Pb(II) at pH 6 and 180 min for all the adsorbents. The functional groups, as well as the shifts in peaks after modification, were confirmed using FTIR analysis. In addition, SEM images show a heterogeneous, rough surface with sufficient cavities of the adsorbent after modification. The physiochemical characteristics indicated that BET pore volume and pore diameter increased for E-PA and I-PA compared to P-PA. The experimental data obtained indicated that Langmuir and pseudo-first-order (PFO) best described the isotherm and kinetic models, respectively. The adsorption mechanism revealed that the adsorption of Pb(II) was controlled mainly by pore filling, while electrostatic interaction, surface complexation, and ionic exchange also occurred minimally. The thermodynamic parameters, ΔH° and ΔG°, suggest an endothermic and spontaneous adsorption process, respectively. The findings in this study indicate that Pycnanthus angolensis seed husks offer cost-effective and sustainable solutions that are readily accessible for wastewater treatment.
Hydrochemical Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Shallow and Deep Groundwater in the Heilongdong Spring Basin, Northern China
Authors: Gao Ming , Li Xiangquan , Qian Jiazhong , Wang Zhenxing , Hou Xinwei , Gui Chunlei , Bai Zhanxue , Fu Changchang , Li Jinqiu , Zuo Xuefeng
Published: October 2023

Heilongdong Spring Basin (HSB) is located in a semi-arid region in northern China. In the past few decades, it has been influenced by anthropogenic activities. Currently, there is a lack of information about the impact on the hydrogeochemistry and groundwater quality of different aquifers. To address this concern, the present study used conventional hydrochemical diagrams, stable isotope analysis and multivariate statistical techniques to analyze hydrochemical characteristics and controlling factors of shallow and deep groundwater in the study area. The results showed that all groundwater samples were weakly alkaline. The shallow groundwater (SGW) was mainly composed of SO4-Ca and SO4·HCO3-Ca·Mg water types with high TDS values. However, the predominant water types of deep groundwater (DGW) were HCO3-Ca·Mg and HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg types with relatively low TDS. The large majority of shallow groundwater had poor water quality, which was influenced by natural factors and anthropogenic activities, characterized by high concentrations of SO42−, NO3−, and Cl−. In contrast, the overall water quality of deep groundwater was good, mainly controlled by the natural background. Nonetheless, a few karst groundwater samples of DGW in runoff areas exhibited close hydraulic connections with SGW samples and presented contamination to a certain degree. Our research results provide a scientific basis for the utilization and protection of groundwater in different aquifers in northern China.
Influence of Psychological and Socioeconomic Factors on Purchase Likelihood for Autonomous Vehicles: A Hybrid Choice Modeling Approach
Authors: Liang Yunyi , Tang Jinjun , Wu Zhizhou , Jia Mei
Published: October 2023

This study looks into how psychological and socioeconomic factors interact to affect people’s propensity to purchase autonomous vehicles (AVs). Inspired by the Technology Acceptance Model, six psychological variables—social influence, convenience, perceived utility, perceived ease of use, perceived risk, and usage attitude—are proposed. Twenty-two measurement variables are introduced because it is difficult to measure these latent factors directly. To understand the link between the latent variables and calculate their factor scores, a structural equation model is created. The latent variables, along with observable socioeconomic attributes, are included as explanatory variables in a mixed logit model to estimate the purchase likelihood for AVs on different levels. A stated preference survey is conducted for data collection. We obtained 302 effective samples. The experiment results demonstrate that perceived usefulness has the most significant positive impact on purchase likelihood, followed by social influence and perceived ease of use. However, perceived risk has a significant negative impact on the purchase likelihood. Individuals with less driving experience and those without a motor vehicle driving license are more inclined to adopt autonomous vehicles. Additionally, there is a substantial correlation between the frequency of car use and the propensity to support the deployment of autonomous vehicles.
Transition Paths towards a Sustainable Transportation System: A Literature Review
Authors: Jelti Faissal , Allouhi Amine , Tabet Aoul Kheira Anissa
Published: October 2023

In this paper, the challenges inherent in the development of a decarbonized transportation system are thoroughly examined. Sustainable transportation practices that can contribute to the limitation of greenhouse gas emissions and overall sustainability are identified. Furthermore, the most effective and innovative research avenues being pursued by the research community to enhance transportation sustainability are reviewed and discussed. The review framework has been designed to facilitate the identification of key areas of interest through the implementation of a systematic literature review approach. Firstly, an in-depth analysis is provided concerning the main barriers encountered in the realization of sustainable transportation. These barriers are categorized into five dimensions, namely regulatory, technological, financial, organizational, and social. Subsequently, attention is directed towards the emerging approaches that actively support the implementation of sustainable transportation. Lastly, the primary policy measures intended to promote sustainable mobility are the subject of discussion. The findings unveiled in this paper possess the potential to provide managers and policy makers with a comprehensive understanding of transportation sustainability issues. Furthermore, they carry practical implications that can contribute to the construction of sustainable transportation systems.
Will “Dual Control of the Amount and Intensity of Energy Consumption (DCEC)” Policy Increase Urban Green Competitiveness?
Authors: Li Muxuan , Wang Jingbin
Published: October 2023

Urban green transformation is an important part of global low-carbon development. Coercive government policies are critical to achieving success, but, as of now, there is no unified concept of “green competitiveness”. To address climate change, it is necessary to clearly define core concepts and apply measures. For this study, “urban green competitiveness” refers to the continuous improvement of total factor productivity by cities while fully emphasizing resource limitations and environmental issues to achieve economic growth. This article focuses on a Chinese policy of “dual control of the amount and intensity of energy consumption” (DCEC), which has not been fully studied. The DCEC policy incorporates a quasi-natural experiment to assess whether urban green competitiveness has been affected. This paper builds on the multi-period DID model and explores the effect based on city-level data from 2003 to 2019. The conclusion shows that DCEC policy can address climate change by restricting energy consumption and intensity. Success is achieved through the promotion of local green patent innovation and by intensifying environmental regulation. The policy should start from a long-term perspective by promoting structural and technological changes in the economy, rather than short-term quick success and instant benefits.
A Comparative Numerical Study of the Symmetry Chaotic Jerk System with a Hyperbolic Sine Function via Two Different Methods
Authors: Alzahrani Abdulrahman B. M. , Abdoon Mohamed A. , Elbadri Mohamed , Berir Mohammed , Elgezouli Diaa Eldin
Published: October 2023

This study aims to find a solution to the symmetry chaotic jerk system by using a new ABC-FD scheme and the NILM method. The findings of the supplied methods have been compared to Runge–Kutta’s fourth order (RK4). It was discovered that the suggested techniques gave results comparable to the RK4 method. Our primary goal is to develop effective methods for addressing symmetrical, chaotic systems. Using ABC-FD and NILM presents innovative approaches for comprehending and effectively handling intricate dynamics. The findings of this study have significant significance for addressing the occurrence of chaotic behavior in diverse scientific and engineering contexts. This research significantly contributes to fractional calculus and its various applications. The application of ABC-FD, which can identify chaotic behavior, makes our work stand out. This novel approach contributes to advancing research in nonlinear dynamics and fractional calculus. The present study not only offers a resolution to the problem of symmetric chaotic jerk systems but also presents a framework that may be applied to tackle analogous challenges in several domains. The techniques outlined in this paper facilitate the development and computational analysis of prospective fractional models, thereby contributing to the progress of scientific and engineering disciplines.