bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Network System of City Earthquake Prevention and Emergency Centers with the Community Public Facilities as the Nodes
Authors: Xue Bin Xia
Published: January 2012

Based on the analysis of earthquake prevention and disaster prevention plan both at home and abroad, this paper has probed into the feasibility of emergency system of city disaster prevention with the public facilities of residential areas as the core. Finally the proper structure, implementation policies and relevant technical supporting conditions of emergency facilities network in residential areas are proposed depending on the general plan and structure of public resource utilization models in residential areas
Mathematical Relationship between Solar Radiation Intensity and Exterior Wall Temperature
Authors: Ao Yong An , Peng Liang , Che Dan , Zhang Qian , Li Yu Wen , Jia Xin
Published: January 2012

Explore the mathematic relationship between solar radiation intensity and exterior wall temperature according to empirical formula calculation, the measured data and software fitting. Propose a preliminary function between the intensity and the temperature, and analyze the research direction in the future. Attain the conclusion of using exterior wall temperature instead of the current sol-air temperature to calculate the building heat load could save more energy
New Nash Equilibrium Based on Generic Risk Element Transmission Theory
Authors: Lu Gong Shu , Li Cun Bin , Li Xian
Published: January 2012

Nash equilibrium is the foundation of traditional game theory, while the benefits of game players under the Nash equilibrium are constant, so the core idea of generic risk transmission was applied to traditional static game. Accordingly a risk static game model, in which the benefits of players were subject to triangular distribution, was constructed. Then we obtained different equilibrium states under the different risk types of players. Furthermore, the classic Prisoners’ Dilemma was used to demonstrate the practice value of risk game. Through analyzing and solving the risk Prisoners’ Dilemma model which changed from the classic Prisoner's Dilemma model according to actual situation, the Pareto improvement strategy combination could be achieved. The new equilibrium result can give an appropriate explanation why there is always some prisoners conceal the corpus delicti in adventure
Study on Melt Adhesive Used in Aluminium-Plastics Composite Board
Authors: Chen Jin Shen , Wang Ji Hu , Wen Shao Guo , Shen Yan
Published: January 2012

In this paper，lower polyethylene(LDPE) was melt to graft maleie anhydride (MAH) in reactive extruder by using dicumyl peroxide(DCP) and benzoyl peroxide(BPO) as the initiator. It can be found that MAH has been grafted to LDPE large molecular chain using by infrared spectrum and graft rate measurement. Orthogonal experiments were employed to confirm the influences of initiator, MAH and LDPE. The results showed that the reaction graft ratio firstly increased，then began to decrease with the increasing of the contents of MAH and initiator. The maximum shear strength was at 2.12MPa when graft polymer was used to adhesive the board of aluminum and polyethylene. The graft rate of graft polymer was at 15.68%.
Review on Singular-Value-Decomposition-Based Digital Watermarking Algorithm in Combination with Image Features
Authors: Liu Tong Tong , Yang Cheng
Published: January 2012

The combination of image features with singular value decomposition algorithm and digital watermarking algorithm based on wavelet transform respectively makes possible the advancement from pixel watermarking to content watermarking, which effectively solves the contradiction between perceptibility and robustness of conventional watermarking algorithm. Therefore, stronger robustness and lower perceptibility of watermarking are achieved. This paper first gives a review on conventional singular-value-decomposition-based digital watermarking algorithm, and then makes a thorough analysis of its respective features, advantages and defects. Improved feature extraction schemes of digital watermark which combine image features with SVD algorithm as well as the application algorithm in feature extraction based on improved SVD algorithm are put forward for the comparative analysis of corresponding principles and processing effects. The experimental results indicate that the content-based (instead of pixel-based) watermarking algorithm can better satisfy the perceptibility and robustness of digital watermarking, with huge application potentials and more development space
Analysis of Influencing Factors of Coal-Biomass Compound Briquets Combustion Characteristics
Authors: Zhao Xiao Wen , Wang Zhen Kun , Huang Hai Zhen
Published: January 2012

There are several factors which influence the combustion charateristics of coal-biomass compound brequet. In this study, the influence on coal-biomass briquets combustion characteristics of different factors were examined by orthogonal experiments, with volatile rate, burnout rate and combustion time as targets. The results showed that component of biomass and hearth temperature had significant influence, well variety of biomass and shaping pressure had slight influence to all targets. The results have theoretical worth to design and run boilers using coal-biomass compound briquets.
The Deformation Analysis on Tooth Profiles with Electroplated CBN Hard Gear-Honing-Tools
Authors: Zhang Man Dong , Zhao H.H. , Lv Ming
Published: January 2012

Using electroplating CBN hard gear-honing-tools with standard involute, the vicinity of the workpiece tooth pitch circle will be a “mid concave” error, the root of the tooth will be a “dig root” error generally. For the formation factors of the error are more complex, it is difficult to calculate errors with an exact analytical method. To this end, by using Pro/E and ANSYS software, the contact analysis of electroplating CBN hard honing process was simulated. The honed tooth surface normal deformation analysis was the important means to determine extent of tooth profile error, through the normal deformation analysis based on simulation results, the location and extent of normal deformation was determined. Practice shows that the location and extent of the normal deformation has been a certain relationship with processing gear tooth profile errors. It is provided a theoretical basis to make the gear-honing tooth surface modification as possible.
Study on Surface Roughness of Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Milling
Authors: Shen Xue Hui , Zhang Jian Hua , Li H. , Wang J.J.
Published: January 2012

The object of this paper is to experimentally investigate the effects of ultrasonic vibration on the roughness of surface produced by the side cutting edge of an end milling cutter. Two respective surface roughness models for conventional milling (CM) and ultrasonic vibration assisted milling (UVAM) were proposed using experimental data. RSM and ANOVA were used for analysis. As a result, it is found that the surface roughness of vertical side surface of slot improves obviously after applying ultrasonic vibration. The result of ANOVA indicated that the target surface roughness depends on the combined action of several key machining parameters in UVAM, and therefore their choosing and optimizing is very important to achieving small surface roughness.
Fabrication and Properties of Microencapsulated-Paraffin/Gypsum-Matrix Building Materials for Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Su Jun Feng , Wang Sheng Bao
Published: January 2012

Microencapsulated phase change materials (microPCMs) contain paraffin was fabricated by in-situ polymerization using methanol-modified melamine-formaldehyde (MMF) as shell material. The shell of microPCMs was sooth and compact with global shape, its thickness was not greatly affected by the core/shell ratio and emulsion stirring rate. More shell material in microPCMs could enhance the thermal stability and provide higher compact condition for core material. After a 100-times thermal cycling treatment, the microPCMs contain paraffin also nearly did not change the phase change behaviors of PCM. With the increasing of weight contents of microPCMs in gypsum board, the thermal conductivity (λ) values of composites had decreased. The simulation of temperature tests proved that the microPCMs/gypsum composite could store the time-dependent and intermittent solar energy, which did not necessarily meet the energy needs for space heating at all times.
Kinetic Study of PVC Pyrolysis in Air by Thermogravimetric Analysis Using the Friedman Method
Authors: Han Bin , Wu Yu Long , Feng Wei , Chen Zhen , Yang Ming De
Published: January 2012

The thermal degradation of PVC in air ambience was investigated by the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The experiments were carried out at different heating rate of 5, 10, 20 and 40°C/min, respectively. The activation energy was calculated by the Friedman method. The pyrolysis mechanism of PVC in air was discussed and compared with that in Nitrogen atmosphere. The pyrolysis process of PVC in air could be divided into two main stages: 200 °C ~ 380 °C and 400 °C ~ 600 °C, which obtained by TGA at the heating rate of 5°C/min. The second stage could be further subdivided into two parts by 465 °C. It can be concluded that the oxygen in air affected the second stage more obviously than that of the first one, in comparison with inert atmosphere. The activation energy of the second stage was still larger than the first stage.
Preparation and Properties of Castor Oil-Based Waterborne Polyurethane Terminated
Authors: Hong Wei , Li Qing Shan , Yu Wei An , Sun Jing , Liu Jun , Xing Guang Zhong
Published: January 2012

Prepared a series of castor oil modified NaHSO3 waterborne blocked polyurethane, discussed the influence on the emulsion stability by C.O. addition amount, R value, DMPA and the influences on latex film mechanical property and water absorption by C.O. content, R value. Then analyzed the characterization by FTIP and DSC, its shown that emulsion is stable when the R value controlled in the range of 1.4~1.8 and the stability will become poor with the increase of C.O. content; and with the increase of R value the elongation at break of latex film reduced and tensile strength increased. In short the C.O.s mixing can make latex film initial decomposition temperature increased by 60, reduced elongation at break, increased tensile strength and reduced the water absorption.
The Effect of Degassing Pressure Casting Molds on the Quality of Pressure Casting
Authors: Gaspar Stefan , Maščeník Jozef , Pasko Ján
Published: January 2012

In these days in foundry branch there is a rapid development of sectors of special casting technology with the aim to increase the quality and the efficiency of pressure casting production.. Internal homogeneity of pressure casting, characterized by the extent of porosity can be affected by the setup of technological parameters of pressure casting and last but not least by vacuuming the molds, that means to exhaust air and gases from the mold cavity. Contribution is specifically aimed on the analyzing the impact of degassing pressure molds on the porosity of pressure casting.
Counterintuitive Dynamic Behavior in Elastic-Plastic Structures
Authors: Zhao Yong Gang , Yan Xiao Peng , Yang Gui Tong
Published: January 2012

The counterintuitive phenomena of elastic, perfectly plastic beam, circular plate and square plate are investigated numerically and experimentally. A new unstable slot and asymmetry of dynamic response of beam are revealed. The unsteady areas and uncertainty of response are observed numerically. At the end, the law of thermodynamics and the theorem of Lyapunov instability are employed to state the formation mechanism of counterintuitive behavior.
An Experimental Investigation on Surface Quality Extruded Wood-Polypropylene Composite
Authors: Soury Ehsan , Behravesh Amir Hossein , Jam Nathan Jafarian , Haghtalab Ali
Published: January 2012

This paper presents an experimental study on surface quality (roughness) for extruded wood plastic composites (WPC) in an extrusion process. A problem that usually occurs in production of extruded parts of polymeric materials, and in special case of WPC, is flow instabilities at the extrusion die exit. The instabilities lead to production of profiles with unacceptable surface quality. In this paper, the influences of the important material and process parameters on the surface quality are investigated. The variable parameters were selected as wood content, polymer melt flow index (MFI), screw speed, melt temperature, die diameter and finally length-to-diameter ratio of the die land. The experiments specified that increasing die land length-to-diameter ratio (L/D), die temperature and wood content and decreasing screw speed and polymer MFI lead to improve the surface quality.
Dynamic Analysis and Design of the Rhombic Drive of Stirling Engine
Authors: Zhang Xu , Ma Yan , Yang Chun Mei , Fu Li
Published: January 2012

The rhombic drive of Stirling engine has been designed in the article, and motion analysis have been carried out according with the requirements of mechanism design in structure. The kinematics mathematical models have been established for rhombic mechanism and the simulation analyses have been carried with the three-dimensional software for the rhombic drive. It makes a point out the optimum position relationship among the link of the rhombic drive during the four processes of the Stirling cycle, and has conducted a mathematical description of piston displacement, velocity and acceleration which drove by the rhombic drive. The simulation curves have showed the relative relationship of position, velocity and acceleration between the two pistons during the body movement. Based on these researches constructive ideas have been offered to improve the rhombic drive in the paper and laid the root for the optimal design of the Stirling engine in theory.
A Novel Approach to Mine Knowledge from Social Images
Authors: Wang Fei Chao
Published: January 2012

With the popularity of various social media website, currently, lots of social images attached with different kinds of metadata have been uploaded to social media websites. Mining useful knowledge from social images has been an emerging important research topic in web search and data mining. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to find geographical difference of a given concept from social image community. We put a given concept to social image community, and then downloaded social images with metadata, particularly, the place where the photo was taken should be provided in advance. Firstly, concept is submitted to social image community, and then social images with different kinds of metadata are downloaded. Secondly, social images are clustered according to metadata of images. Finally, the information of concept’s geographical difference is found. Experiments conducted on social image community proof the effectiveness of our approach. Keywords: Social Images, Data Mining, Social Image Community, Image Clustering.
Wear Properties of Saw in Granite Cutting Process by Plasma Arc Heating
Authors: Xia Bi Bo , Zhao Zi Yu , Yang Jin Guo
Published: January 2012

Thermally enhanced machining is an effective way of processing hard and brittle materials. The Wear performance of diamond saw blade cutting granite plate by Plasma-assisted heating is studied by a homemade experimental device. Investigation of the blade wear in different suspension and heating scan rate shows that by plasma arc heating, the tool wear rate has a significant reduction. A technology for the efficient stone machining and further industrial applications is provided in this paper.
Research of the Admixture Influence Cement Stabilized Macadam Vibrating Compaction Effect
Authors: Liu Yan Yan , Li Jian Jun , Fu Yan
Published: January 2012

The cement stabilized macadam mixed with different admixture influence the vibration compaction effect , under certain aggregate gradation and vibration parameters, carry out vibratory compaction and compaction tests on cement stabilized macadam with incorporation of different admixture and cement dose of 4% , test results show that: when single mix water-reducing agent, adding 1.0% , cement stabilized macadam most easily compacted; when single mix fly ash, the mixing 30%, cement stabilized macadam most easily compacted; when compound mixed with fly ash and water-reducing agent, help reduce optimum water content, increasing the maximum dry density compared with single mix water-reducing agent or fly ash , and water-reducing agent dosage is 1.0%, fly ash dosage is 20% are the best.
Resorption Rate of Calcium Sulfate Bone Fillers Adjusted by Incorporation of Hydroxyapatie
Authors: Zhang Yong Li , Xu Chen , Yan Wei Wei , Liu Yu , Gao Jian Ping , Yan Jing
Published: January 2012

Calcium sulfate/hydroxyapatie (CaSO4/HA) composite bone fillers were fabricated through molding method. Their structure and properties were characterized by infrared spectroscope, scanning electronic spectroscope, x-ray diffraction and degradation test. The results show that HA crystals were attached to the CaSO4 crystals and prevented the growing of sulfate crystals. So their size is shorter than that of CaSO4 crystals prepared from pure CaSO4 semihydrate, and some even had defect. The resorption rate of CaSO4 bone fillers was decreased when HA was incorporated.
A Optimization Model of Incentive Mechanism between Manufacturer and Dealer in Supply Chain
Authors: Yang Jian Hua , Niu Kun
Published: January 2012

According to the idea of existing quantity flexibility contract , aiming at the particularity of buyers' market's timeliness product, through introducing buyback contract method, a optimization model of supply chain flexibility contract is put forward which can incent dealer and make up the deficiency of single flexibility contract. An example is given to calculate the contented factors of wholesale price and rebate proportion to take the incentive mechanism effect, and to illustrate that manufacturer and dealer share the risk in the supply chain.
Study on how to Improve Asphalt-Modified with SBS-Added Carbon-Nanotubes-Material
Authors: Su Qun , Sun Ling , Yu Wen Yong , Wang Guo Feng
Published: January 2012

Years recently, materials with Nano-techniques on highway-works have been studied. Asphalt modified with Carbon-nanotubes-material can be one of them. There are a great deal of –type-conjugate bond and circled construction in them, they can easier bind to asphalt together with SBS than any other Nano-Inorganic material. This paper advances that a series of tests by putting SBS added with Carbon-nanotubes-material into asphalt are done at lab. The data show that the range of Carbon-nanotubes-material can be acceptable from 0.02-0.08%, meanwhile the asphalt-modified in the test can be comfortable with both the heat and the cold environment. Carbon-nanotubes-material can play a key role in the case of SBS added with it.
A pH and Electric Responsive Graphene Oxide Based Composite Hydrogel
Authors: He Yong Qiang , Chen Hua Bin , Sun Hong , Wang Xiao Dong , Gao Jian Ping
Published: January 2012

The pH and electric responsive composite hydrogels were prepared byin situpolymerization in the presence of graphene oxide (GO). Their structure and properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Raman microscopy and mechanical testing. The results indicate that the GO is evenly dispersed in the composite hydrogels and the mechanical properties of the GO based composite hydrogels are significantly improved. Most importantly, the composite hydrogels were responsive to external stimuli such as pH and electric field.
Effect of Long-Term Aging on the Tensile Properties of Nickel-Based Superalloy
Authors: Xu Li Wei , Li Hua Bing , Ma Qi Feng , Jiang Zhou Hua
Published: January 2012

The influence of microstructure evolution of a nickel-based superalloy after long-term aging on the tensile properties and deformation behavior was investigated. The results shows that the aging time exhibits an significant effect on the strength of alloy under low strain rate and the elongation decrease with increasing the aging time, but the aging time has no obvious effect on the strength of the alloy and elongation is affected significantly by aging time. During deformation under high strain rate, the dislocation motion is blocked and the dislocation can not release in time, the strengthening phase peak size effect does not appear in the aging time ranging from 0h to 1000h, so the influent of aging time on the strength of the alloy is not obvious. After long-term aging, no precipitation appear in both sides of the grain boundary which leads to the coordination ability of plastic deformation of grain boundaries reducing, so the ductility of the alloy decreases rapidly in a short aging time.
A New State Estimator of PMSM Using Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter
Authors: Ding Xin Zhong , Zhang Cheng Rui , Yu Le Hua , Li Hu Xiu
Published: January 2012

This paper presents a new permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive technique using adaptive state estimator for high-performance motion control to estimate the instantaneous speed, position and disturbance load torque. In the proposed algorithm, the model reference adaptive control (MRAC) method is incorporated to identify the variations of inertia moment, and the identified inertia is used to adapt the extended Kalman filter (EKF), which is an optimal state estimator to provide good estimation performance for the rotor speed, rotor position and disturbance torque with low precision quadrature encoder in a random noisy environment. In addition, the disturbance–rejection ability and the robustness to variations of the mechanical parameters are discussed and it is verified that the system is robust to the modeling error and system noise. Simulation and experimental results confirm the validity of the proposed estimation technique.
Research on Wear and Life Prediction of Hobbing Cutter in Cryogenic Cutting with MQL
Authors: Zhang Xiao Hong , Xia Chong , Chen Peng , Yin Guo Fu
Published: January 2012

An ANN BP model is built to imitate the relative between output, the wear of hobbing cutter, and input, such as rotary speed of cutter, air flow, air jet speed, air temperature, situation of hobbing cutter and hardness of work piece. A program is compiled to extrapolate the total life of hobbing cutter based on the BP model. The conclusion can be obtained by the program about the total life of hobbing cutter in cryogenic cutting with MQL, as follow. When parameters vary in the given zone, air jet speed has the largest effect on the total life of hobbing cutter by 23.8%, and follows the air flow by 13.5%, and last is the air temperature by 4.4%.
Removal of Se(VI) from Raw Water by Ion Exchange Process
Authors: Shi Yong Sheng , Shi Yu Zhen , Wang Lin
Published: January 2012

Studies have been carried out on removal of Se(Ⅵ) from raw water by ion exchange process. The experiment results indicate that employment of strong-base anion exchange resin of 201×7 can receive a desirable result for Se removal. It is particularly true that the removal rate of Se(Ⅵ) can achieve more than 96% when the Se(Ⅵ) concentration in raw water is 100μg/L. This allows selenium concentration of the supply water in full conformity to the quality standard currently available for drinking water. Ion exchange process for Se removal has been proved to be competent for its efficiency, cost effectiveness and easy operation.
Research on the Mechanical Properties for Medical Stainless Steel
Authors: Wen Ming , Li Wei , Cao Xiao Ming
Published: January 2012

The stainless steels is more and more applications to the medical field, the most is the austenitic stainless steel. In this paper, 00Cr18Ni14Mo3 mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel screw, compared to the solution of the former and the sample microstructure after solution treatment, energy spectrum and the torque angle reverse faults, compared to solution treatment found that mechanical properties of the samples after meet the standard can be applied to practice
New Protection Schemes for Ground Faults in Micro-Grids
Authors: Gu Xiao Jia , Liu Tun , Shi Lei
Published: January 2012

In this paper,the protection schemes for phase-to-ground and multi-phase faults in micro-grids is proposed, accounting for the facts of new topology and operating characteristics of micro-grids.The definition of this protection schemes is to find solutions in a short term. For this reason the proposed solutions make use of traditional or commercially available protective switching and sensing devices, as well as automation techniques. Traditional technologies employed by this protection schemes can allow to find practical solutions to protect micro-grid feeders instead of a high number of inverted-interfaced generators resorting to different protection schemes ,and achieve minimum operating costs.
Study on Grid-Connected Converter for Permanent Magnet Direct-Driven Wind Power System
Authors: Tan Guo Jun , Wang Zheng , Liu Meng , Chen Guo Zhen
Published: January 2012

According to characteristics of unidirectional flow of energy in permanent magnet wind power system, the paper proposes a two-quadrant three-level converter topology. Combined with method of the optimum tip speed ratio for tracking the maximum wind energy, the generator-side converter uses the double closed-loop control, speed outer loop and stator current inner loop control, whose control objective is to track the given generator speed. Grid-side converter uses the direct power control strategy based on virtual flux-linkage orientation. On the basis of MATLAB simulation platform, the permanent magnet wind power system simulation model was established. The simulation results show that the grid- and generator-side converter can operate with unity power factor, furthermore, verifies that the proposed converter structure is feasible.
Research on a Special Scarifier Mechanism with Finite Element Analysis Method
Authors: Jiang Jian Dong , Hoogmoed Willem , Tao Guo Xing , Gao Jie , Zhang Xian
Published: January 2012

A scarifier mechanism with rotary tillage and anti-rotary grubbing is proposed for inducing the power of tillage in hardens soil. MAT147 material modal is amended by experimental method and soil high-speed cutting finite element modal is build through SPH method, further, the tools parameter of proposed mechanism and soil cutting speed are studied by FEA numerical simulation through orthogonal experiments method. Finally, the result shows that the proposed mechanism with proper structural parameters and work speeds can reduce the requirement of power of tillage and increase the working efficiency of small agricultural machinery.
Nuclear Malaysia: Issues and Challenges
Authors: Akhir Md. Nasrudin Md. , Alamgir Aurangzaib
Published: January 2012

This paper discusses two important issues: one is the Malaysian government decision to go nuclear to meet the future energy demands and the other is Lynas Rare-earth project to boost up the economy of the country. It should be noted that Malaysia is not new to such experiences as the Asian rare-earth project in the 1980s proved very costly causing rash of birth defects, painful miscarriages, and leukemia cases because of radioactive waste. This paper highlights the needs that future energy needs and economic targets can be overcome through other sources probably investing in renewable energy such as solar, wind, and hydropower.
Utilization of Wind Power as a Renewable Energy in Asbads, Case of Iran, Sistan
Authors: Mahdavinejad Mohammad Javad , Doroodgar Amene , Mashayekhi Mohammad
Published: January 2012

The utilization of Renewable Energies plays the pivotal role in the environmental protection in the contemporary age, so that many countries have given the priority to such energies in their national programs, seeking the efficient methods or strategies to achieve such ambition. The study shows that the issue has been considered in Iran Plateau from the early ages. The recognition of windmills utilization experience in the eastern region of Iran and especially the southern part of Khorasan province and Sistan shows that the use of wind energy has been adapted with the daily needs of residents. Regarding the wind power transmission mechanism in the studied local windmills known as Asbad, a same mechanism in all three types of Asbads is recognizable. Based on the study main achievement, such a power transmission mechanism can be applied in the contemporary age even in other countries to replace the energies derived from the fossil fuels with the wind energy as a Renewable and Eco-friend Energy.
Research on the Computational Methods of Eco-Compensation Standard for Chan-Ba Ecological District in Xi’an Urban Areas
Authors: Wei Wei , Bi Chao
Published: January 2012

The computational methods of compensation standard are the focal point and are also difficulty in shaping of the eco-compensation mechanism. As for Xi’an Chan-Ba ecological district, there are three types of eco-compensation pattern: compensation for ecosystem services, compensation for river pollution, and compensation for water environment protection. The paper designs the computational methods for these three types of compensation pattern basing on eco-compensation theory, then calculates the amount of compensation based on the data acquired from Chan-Ba ecological district to test the applicability of the methods. The results show the methods are applicable and feasible
Measuring the Total Economic Value of Restoring Ecosystem Services in Erhai Lake Basin: Results from a Contingent Valuation Survey
Authors: Mao Wei Juan , Ning Ping , Qu Guang Fei , Luo Shang Hua
Published: January 2012

The contingent valuation method is one of the most significant approaches of non-market valuation techniques and has been used widely. The authors take it as a tool to analyze the economic benefits of restoring ecosystem service in an impaired river basin， Erhai lake basin. To obtain accurate benefit estimates using CVM technique requires detailed descriptions of the resources being valued. Results from 100 in-person interviews indicate that 84.7% of the households in Erhai lake basin would like to pay for restoring the ecosystem services of Erhai. The analysis of the payment card data shows that the average willingness to pay (WTP) is 80.325 RMB Yuan per household per year. The annual aggregate benefits of restoring ecosystem services of Erhai lake Basin is at least 6.426×107 RMB Yuan，calculated by the number of the households about 800,000 in the Erhai lake basin. This result is a conservative estimate for the economic value of restoring the ecosystem services of Erhai lake basin because of the positive externalities of restoring the ecosystem services on the outside of Erhai lake basin.
Addressing Urban Water Resource Scarcity in China from Water Resource Planning Experiences of Singapore
Authors: Peng Cheng Yao , Zhang Jie
Published: January 2012

The world wide water crisis we are facing nowadays is no longer how to acquire new water resource, but rather how to manage the available water resource. The water resource management practices in China are still under the guidance following conventional mindset and compliances. It was yet brought up to people’s attention that water resource planning is a crucial element of urban planning, not to mention the effort that should be spent in investigating and exploring the potential value of water to economy, esthetics and social development. This paper introduced the practices of Singapore government in managing its local water resources, i.e. recovery of the polluted water environment in its early years, integrated planning of catchment and reservoirs for stormwater storage, acquiring new resource to supplement and replacing conventional water resource, establishing public outreach network for water demand management and water resource protection, adopting water sensitive urban design to rediscover the added value of water resource to urban development, etc. By reviewing the mechanism of Singapore’s practices on sustainable planning, the existing urban water resources shortage situation in China would be addressed and suggestion for urban water resource sustainable planning and use would also be given.
Research of Postprocessing Algorithm after Fabric Defect Image Segmentation Based on Downsampling
Authors: Guo Pan Feng , Wang Yi Hong
Published: January 2012

This paper research the algorithm after image segmentation based on using downsampling to preprocess the image and Otsu to segment the image, because defect region is weakened in the process of preprocessing to remove the texture, which lead to the defect region in the binary image can not reflect the original defect information. In view of this shortcoming, this paper put forward a new method to link the different connected regions which belong to a defect region and the new method solve the problem of weakening the defect region in the process of preprocessing, and then the integral information of defect region can be obtained. At last, the experiments’ results prove the validity of the arithmetic in this paper.
Three Dimensional Numerical Simulation of LNG Prestressed Tank
Authors: Du Xian He , Shen Xin Pu
Published: January 2012

The purpose of this paper is to observe the distribution of displacement and stress of LNG prestressed tank when under the normal condition and the LNG divulging. The Abaqus software has been used to analyze the three dimensional LNG prestressed tank with finite element method, a numerical simulation is carried out by modeling the prestressed rebar with three dimensional elements, meanwhile, the prestress is applied for rebar with the falling temperature method. By coupling the condition of dead load, live load, prestress, gas pressure, hydraulic pressure and the low temperature, the conclusions indicate that: 1) the valid prestress has been applied by the prestressed rebar for LNG tank model. 2) the effect of live load for the tank can be ignored but the effect of gas pressure cannot. 3) the effect of highly temperature difference between the internal and external of LNG tank is great when the template lining of LNG tank divulging. The maximum displacement of cylinders shell is 28.22mm, and the maximum stress is 13.97MPa, the safety can be enhanced by modifying the arrangement of prestressed rebar.
Analysis on the Applicability of Fertilizer Tax in China
Authors: Liu Kan , Luan Sheng Ji
Published: January 2012

Environmental tax is a popular economic instrument dealing with nonpoint pollution. However, the differences between China and western countries cause it is not proper to apply in China. The fertilizer demand price elasticity is -0.345. The low elasticity suggests that the tax will have little effect on chemical use reduction. Moreover, in order to guarantee food security, Chinese government provides many subsidies to encourage farmers to continue their agricultural practices. Those subsidies also contribute to impair the effectiveness of the tax. Additionally, considering the weak role of farmers in current China society, it is difficult for the tax instrument to get its political legitimacy for the potential conflict on social equity. Other economic tools like payments should be taken into consideration when tackling agricultural nonpoint pollution.
Study on the Evolvement Model of Energy-Saving System of Chinese Building
Authors: Li Hui , Zhang Jing Xiao , Zhou Tian Hua
Published: January 2012

Through the analysis on the cause of gap in construction energy-saving management, author of this paper points out that steady structure is the final ideal status of construction energy-saving and energy-saving chain of construction engineering is the effective management to solve this problem. Author also analyzed the plane structure of management of energy-saving chain in construction engineering and studied the atom framework in the development phase of energy-saving system and spatial structure in the dynamic evolvement of energy-saving system, and concluded that chain-type management helps with the study on the existing problems in energy-saving management of building.
On Dilemma and Countermeasures of the Green Transportation Industry Development in China in the Low-Carbon Economic Era
Authors: Zhao Yuan Yuan
Published: January 2012

In the low-carbon economic era, competitions among enterprises are no longer confined to the traditional cost, service and quality, and environmental protection measures will inevitably become one of the important assessment criteria for customers to choose transportation service providers. In this paper, starting from the nature of low-carbon economy, it analyzes the dilemma faced in the development of green transportation industry in China, and then proposes effective countermeasures pertinently for achieving a green transport.
A New Neighborhood for the Job Shop Scheduling Problem
Authors: Nasiri Mohammad Mahdi , Kianfar Farhad
Published: January 2012

The effectiveness of the local search algorithms for shop scheduling problems is proved frequently. Local search algorithms like tabu search use neighborhood structures in order to obtain new solutions. This paper presents a new neighborhood for the job shop scheduling problem. In this neighborhood, few enhanced conditions are proposed to prevent cycle generation. These conditions allow that the neighborhood encompasses larger number of solutions without increasing the order of computational efforts.
Another Potential Explanation for Pioneer Anomaly Cosmic Drag of an Orbit
Authors: Zhang Wei Jia
Published: January 2012

Analysis of the radio tracking data from the Pioneer 10/11 spacecraft at distances between about 20–70 AU from the Sun has consistently indicated the presence of a constant acceleration of 8.6× 10−8 cm/s−2 directed towards the Sun. This has been one of the most interesting and intriguing astrophysical problems in the last decade. Currently, an independent research rises from the planetary long-term orbital evolution study and may be helpful to understand the nature of Pioneer Anomaly. Furthermore, calculation shows that the Pioneer data match with the new discovery’s prediction very well.
Effects of Catalysts on Pyrolysis of Chlorella
Authors: Li Gui Ju , Zhao Ru Yu , Bai Li Ping
Published: January 2012

Sodium compounds, Na2CO3，Na2SO4，NaCl, have been investigated with regard to their catalytic effects on chlorella pyrolysis by thermal analysis experiments. The influence of catalyst categories and dosage on chlorella pyrolysis were studied by the comparison and analysis of the TG（thermogravimetry）and DTG(derivative thermogravimetry) curves derived from tests of differential thermal balance of untreated chlorelal and chlorella mixed with three inorganic compounds of certain scale.The results show that the catalytic effect of the sodium compounds follow Na2CO3>Na2SO4>NaCl, Catalysts of Na2SO4，NaCl decreased the maximum weight loss rates while Na2CO3 increased them. And all the three additives lowered the pyrolysis temperature of chlorella，of which Na2CO3 made the highest conversion of chlorella pyrolysis. As the dosage of carbonate increased, the pyrolysis temperatures decreases and the maximum weight loss rate increases, but the conversion rate of chlorella pyrolysis decreases, considering these two factors, 5%wt is chosen as the optimal dosage of the catalysts.
Cost Optimization Problem of Hybrid Flow-Shop Based on Differential Evolution Algorithm
Authors: Han Zhong Hua , Meng Xiang Bin , Ma Bin , Wang Chang Tao
Published: January 2012

A differential evolution algorithm based job scheduling method is presented, whose optimization target is production cost. The cost optimization model of hybrid flow-shop is thereby constructed through considering production cost as a factor in scheduling problem of hybrid flow-shop. In the implementation process of the method, DE is used to take global optimization and find which machine the jobs should be assigned on at each stage, which is also called the process route of the job; then the local assignment rules are used to determine the job’s starting time and processing sequence at each stage. With converting time-based scheduling results to fitness function which is comprehensively considering the processing cost, waiting costs, and the products storage costs, the processing cost is taken as the optimization objective. The numerical results show the effectiveness of the algorithm after comparing between multi-group programs.
Development of Cascade Hydropower Reservoirs Operating System Rule Using Refill and Deplete Ranking Orders
Authors: Asfaw Tilahun Derib , Hashim Ahmad Mustafa
Published: January 2012

A new model is developed for a cascade of four hydropower reservoirs operation. The aim is to improve the total power generation from the system. Daily data of reservoir level, release and power generated which varies from 4-20 years are used for analysis. Long-term data of reservoir level and inflow are used to determine the critical period. The critical period is classified into four seasons; these are filling, depleting, upper and lower level operating season. Mathematical models are used to rank the refill and the deplete order of the reservoirs. A new rule models are presented using the results of refill and depletion ranks. Power generation using the developed model is compared to the long-term historical generated; and it is found that the new rule model boost the daily power production by 5.3% and the plant factor by 2%.
Impacting of Polluted River on Groundwater Chemical Environment
Authors: Gao Zong Jun , Wang Min , Zhao Li Hong , Zhang Zhao Xiang , Feng Jian Guo , Ren Jia Guo
Published: January 2012

The organic material, suspension material and colloid in water can be filtered when water permeates through the surface soil. The efficiency of filter depends on the size of soil particles. The smaller the size of particles, the higher the efficiency of removing impurity. The environment of groundwater anear the river is anaerobic as supplied by polluted river water when the concentration of NH4+ is very stable, SO42- reduces, and HCO3- increases. Then it transforms into the aerobic environment, with the result that the concentration of NH4+ reduces, NO3- and NO2- increases , HCO3- reduces, and SO42- increases abruptly, i.e. sulfuration and nitrification appears. The anaerobic environment exits in the shape of belt along the river. The width of the ribbon is affected by the slope of hydraulic-power, the size of particles, the concentration of waste water and time.
Synthesis and Characterization of Quaternary Ammonium-Based Ionic Liquid
Authors: Dong She Ying , Zhang Peng Hui , Tian An Xiang , Huang Ting Lin
Published: January 2012

A quaternary ammonium-based ionic liquid, n-butyl triethylammonium bis(trifluoromethane-sulfonyl) imide (N4222TFSI) was synthesized by using microwave and conventional methods. The structure of N4222TFSI was characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. Its properties including viscosity, solubility, conductivity and density, were determined. Its applications as electrolyte and solvent for UV-VIS determination were also investigated.
A Financial Analysis of Several Air Conditioning Systems with Different Habitable Area in Typical Cities
Authors: Yan Chen Hao , Zhang Hai Tao , Zhang Hua , Wang Yan Ting
Published: January 2012

Air conditioning is widely used nowadays. It brings comfortable life to us while gives some problems. Regional shortage of power supply has a great deal to do with the extensive use of air conditioner for long time. Against the background of low carbon economy, this paper choose 3 room types of 4 typical cities which have different habitable area and carry out a financial analysis of 4 types of air conditioning system(northern city has 5 types). So we’ll have a comprehensive and intuitive understand of economy of typical air conditioning system. It could help the selection of air conditioning system of different area and make good use of energy.
Comparative Study of the Indoor Thermal Environment of Three Rural Residences in Southwest Region of Shandong Province
Authors: Zhang Li Li , Xun Yi , Long En Shen , Ouyang Jin Long , Zhang Li Li
Published: January 2012

In the southwest region of Shandong province, villagers spontaneously adopt various ways to resist the cold climate in winter. In this paper, first we selected three typical rural residences in the region as case buildings. The three residences respectively use different heating ways for better indoor thermal environment, honeycomb briquette, Kang and furnable-heating. Then, we measured and compared the heat and moisture parameters of indoor and outdoor environment of the three residences. Finally, with the results of measurement and comparison, we proposed some methods to improve indoor thermal environment of rural residences, and economical ways of heating to enhance quality of villagers life, and provide technical support for new rural construction.
Research on Effect of Noise Emission from Railway Viaduct on Noise Reduction of Noise Barriers
Authors: Song Lei Ming , Sun Shou Guang , Zhang Xin Hua
Published: January 2012

Noise sources identification based on microphone array theory was firstly introduced, A method was derived, which can be used to analyze effect of noise emission from railway viaduct to noise reduction of noise barriers. Vibration and noise emission of railway viaduct and noise barrier were studied using field testing with microphone array technology and vibration testing. The results concluded that noise emission from the viaduct has remarkable effects on noise reduction of noise barriers compared with the effects of noise emission from the noise barriers themselves, which is neglectable.
The Design and Implementation on Data Management System of Multi-Parameter On-the-Spot Calibration
Authors: Zhao Li Ying , Du Yuan Hong
Published: January 2012

In order to solve the different problems which are a lot of data, complicated calculation, the issue of reports of calibration records and calibration certificates slowly, difficult management in unity and soon. The design in multi-parameter on-the-spot calibration is offered in this paper. The system can mange the things met in test efficiently, such as, the dynamic pressure, static pressure, temperature, noise, vibration, static strain. Specially by using the center&sub database the problems of the on-the-spot calibration scattered and the data management concentrated are overcome, the work efficiency is improved greatly.
Numerical Study of Liquid-Solid Impact Using Lagrangian-Eulerian Coupling Method
Authors: Han Yong Qiang , Xie Yong Hui , Zhang Di
Published: January 2012

The fluid-structure interaction of a water droplet impact on a compressible solid has been studied. By using Lagrangian-Eulerian coupling method, the dynamics in water droplet and deformation in solid has been analyzed and discussed. It is shown that computational impact pressure on the central axis at the initial stage is in good agreement with theoretical prediction. The onset of jetting time is later than theoretical considerations and the incompressible stream line flow is not immediately established after the shock envelope overtakes contact periphery. The pressure at the contact periphery decreases gradually after shock wave departure. The deformation of solid is examined and found that the depression in the central impact area is considerably larger than the outer region. Comparisons with experimental observation show that the deformation simulated can account for the deformation patterns of metal in some way.
Research on the Modeling of Tugboat Assignment Problem in Container Terminal
Authors: Wang Su , Kaku Iko , Chen Guo Yue , Zhu Min
Published: January 2012

Tugboat is one kind of important equipment in container terminal to help ships for docking or leaving the berth. Tugboat assignment operation is one of the most important decision making problem because it has an important effect on the turnaround time of ships. In this paper, a mixed-integer programming model combined with scheduling rule is formulated for the Tugboat Assignment Problem (TAP). Then a solution method is provided to obtain the optimal solution of TAP problem. Finally, numerical experiments are executed to illustrate the utility of the model and to analyze the effects of the number and service capacity of tugboats on the turnaround time of ships.