bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detecting variations in ovulation and menstruation during the COVID-19 pandemic, using real-world mobile app data
Authors: Nguyen Brian T. , Pang Raina D. , Nelson Anita L. , Pearson Jack T. , Benhar Noccioli Eleonora , Reissner Hana R. , Kraker von Schwarzenfeld Anita , Acuna Juan
Published: October 2021

Background

As war and famine are population level stressors that have been historically linked to menstrual cycle abnormalities, we hypothesized that the COVID-19 pandemic could similarly affect ovulation and menstruation among women.

Methodology

We conducted a retrospective cohort study examining changes in ovulation and menstruation among women using the Natural Cycles mobile tracking app. We compared de-identified cycle data from March-September 2019 (pre-pandemic) versus March-September 2020 (during pandemic) to determine differences in the proportion of users experiencing anovulation, abnormal cycle length, and prolonged menses, as well as population level changes in these parameters, while controlling for user-reported stress during the pandemic.

Findings

We analyzed data from 214,426 cycles from 18,076 app users, primarily from Great Britain (29.3%) and the United States (22.6%). The average user was 33 years of age; most held at least a university degree (79.9%). Nearly half (45.4%) reported more pandemic-related stress. Changes in average cycle and menstruation lengths were not clinically significant, remaining at 29 and 4 days, respectively. Approximately 7.7% and 19.5% of users recorded more anovulatory cycles and abnormal cycle lengths during the pandemic, respectively. Contrary to expectation, 9.6% and 19.6% recorded fewer anovulatory cycles and abnormal cycle lengths, respectively. Women self-reporting more (32.0%) and markedly more (13.6%) stress during the pandemic were not more likely to experience cycle abnormalities.

Conclusions

The COVD-19 pandemic did not induce population-level changes to ovulation and menstruation among women using a mobile app to track menstrual cycles and predict ovulation. While some women experienced abnormalities during the pandemic, this proportion was smaller than that observed prior to the pandemic. As most app users in this study were well-educated women over the age of 30 years, and from high-income countries, their experience of the COVID-19 pandemic might differ in ways that limit the generalizability of these findings.
Automatic detection of pupil reactions in cataract surgery videos
Authors: Sokolova Natalia , Schoeffmann Klaus , Taschwer Mario , Sarny Stephanie , Putzgruber-Adamitsch Doris , El-Shabrawi Yosuf
Published: October 2021

In the light of an increased use of premium intraocular lenses (IOL), such as EDOF IOLs, multifocal IOLs or toric IOLs even minor intraoperative complications such as decentrations or an IOL tilt, will hamper the visual performance of these IOLs. Thus, the post-operative analysis of cataract surgeries to detect even minor intraoperative deviations that might explain a lack of a post-operative success becomes more and more important. Up-to-now surgical videos are evaluated by just looking at a very limited number of intraoperative data sets, or as done in studies evaluating the pupil changes that occur during surgeries, in a small number intraoperative picture only. A continuous measurement of pupil changes over the whole surgery, that would achieve clinically more relevant data, has not yet been described. Therefore, the automatic retrieval of such events may be a great support for a post-operative analysis. This would be especially true if large data files could be evaluated automatically. In this work, we automatically detect pupil reactions in cataract surgery videos. We employ a Mask R-CNN architecture as a segmentation algorithm to segment the pupil and iris with pixel-based accuracy and then track their sizes across the entire video. We can detect pupil reactions with a harmonic mean (H) of Recall, Precision, and Ground Truth Coverage Rate (GTCR) of 60.9% and average prediction length (PL) of 18.93 seconds. However, we consider the best configuration for practical use the one with the H value of 59.4% and PL of 10.2 seconds, which is much shorter. We further investigate the generalization ability of this method on a slightly different dataset without retraining the model. In this evaluation, we achieve the H value of 49.3% with the PL of 18.15 seconds.
Accounting for spatial trends in multi-environment diallel analysis in maize breeding
Authors: Ferreira Coelho Igor , Peixoto Marco Antônio , Marçal Tiago de Souza , Bernardeli Arthur , Silva Alves Rodrigo , de Lima Rodrigo Oliveira , Reis Edésio Fialho dos , Bhering Leonardo Lopes
Published: October 2021

Spatial trends represent an obstacle to genetic evaluation in maize breeding. Spatial analyses can correct spatial trends, which allow for an increase in selective accuracy. The objective of this study was to compare the spatial (SPA) and non-spatial (NSPA) models in diallel multi-environment trial analyses in maize breeding. The trials consisted of 78 inter-populational maize hybrids, tested in four environments (E1, E2, E3, and E4), with three replications, under a randomized complete block design. The SPA models accounted for autocorrelation among rows and columns by the inclusion of first-order autoregressive matrices (AR1 ⊗ AR1). Then, the rows and columns factors were included in the fixed and random parts of the model. Based on the Bayesian information criteria, the SPA models were used to analyze trials E3 and E4, while the NSPA model was used for analyzing trials E1 and E2. In the joint analysis, the compound symmetry structure for the genotypic effects presented the best fit. The likelihood ratio test showed that some effects changed regarding significance when the SPA and NSPA models were used. In addition, the heritability, selective accuracy, and selection gain were higher when the SPA models were used. This indicates the power of the SPA model in dealing with spatial trends. The SPA model exhibits higher reliability values and is recommended to be incorporated in the standard procedure of genetic evaluation in maize breeding. The analyses bring the parents 2, 10 and 12, as potential parents in this microregion.
A dual prokaryotic (E. coli) expression system (pdMAX)
Authors: Murakami Manabu , Murakami Agnieszka M. , Itagaki Shirou
Published: October 2021

In this study, we introduced an efficient subcloning and expression system with two inducible prokaryotic expression promoters, arabinose and lac, in a single plasmid in Escherichia coli. The arabinose promoter unit allows for the expression of a FLAG-tagged protein, while the isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG)-inducible unit allows for the expression of a Myc-tagged protein. An efficient subcloning (DNA insertion) system (iUnit) follows each promoter. The iUnit, based on a toxin that targets DNA topoisomerase of E. coli, allows for effective selection with arabinose or IPTG induction. With the dual promoter plasmid (pdMAX) system, expressed lacZ (β-galactosidase) activity was significantly decreased compared with the original solo expression system. Despite this disadvantage, we believe that the pdMAX system remains useful. A recombinant plasmid (pdMAX/ara/DsRed/IPTG/EGFP; pdMAX/DsRed/EGFP) with DsRed in the arabinose expression unit and EGFP in the IPTG expression unit showed fluorescent protein expression following additional low-temperature incubation. Thus, the novel pdMAX system allowed efficient subcloning of two different genes and can be used to induce and analyze the expression of two distinct genes. The proposed system can be applied to various types of prokaryotic gene expression analysis.
An operationally implementable model for predicting the effects of an infectious disease on a comprehensive regional healthcare system
Authors: Chertok Daniel , Konchak Chad , Shah Nirav , Singh Kamaljit , Au Loretta , Hammernik Jared , Murray Brian , Solomonides Anthony , Wang Ernest , Halasyamani Lakshmi
Published: October 2021

An operationally implementable predictive model has been developed to forecast the number of COVID-19 infections in the patient population, hospital floor and ICU censuses, ventilator and related supply chain demand. The model is intended for clinical, operational, financial and supply chain leaders and executives of a comprehensive healthcare system responsible for making decisions that depend on epidemiological contingencies. This paper describes the model that was implemented at NorthShore University HealthSystem and is applicable to any communicable disease whose risk of reinfection for the duration of the pandemic is negligible.
Study protocol for WHO and UNICEF estimates of global, regional, and national preterm birth rates for 2010 to 2019
Authors: De Costa Ayesha , Moller Ann-Beth , Blencowe Hannah , Johansson Emily White , Hussain-Alkhateeb Laith , Ohuma Eric O. , Okwaraji Yemisrach B. , Cresswell Jennifer , Requejo Jennifer H. , Bahl Rajiv , Oladapo Olufemi T. , Lawn Joy E. , Moran Allisyn C.
Published: October 2021

Background

Preterm birth is a leading cause of death among children under five years. Previous estimates indicated global preterm birth rate of 10.6% (14.8 million neonates) in 2014. We aim to update preterm birth estimates at global, regional, and national levels for the period 2010 to 2019.

Methods

Preterm birth is defined as a live birth occurring before 37 completed gestational weeks, or <259 days since a woman’s last menstrual period. National administrative data sources for WHO Member States with facility birth rates of ≥80% in the most recent year for which data is available will be searched. Administrative data identified for these countries will be considered if ≥80% of UN estimated live births include gestational age information to define preterm birth. For countries without eligible administrative data, a systematic review of studies will be conducted. Research studies will be eligible if the reported outcome is derived from an observational or intervention study conducted at national or sub-national level in population- or facility-based settings. Risk of bias assessments will focus on gestational age measurement method and coverage, and inclusion of special subgroups in published estimates. Covariates for inclusion will be selected a priori based on a conceptual framework of plausible associations with preterm birth, data availability, and quality of covariate data across many countries and years. Global, regional and national preterm birth rates will be estimated using a Bayesian multilevel-mixed regression model.

Discussion

Accurate measurement of preterm birth is challenging in many countries given incomplete or unavailable data from national administrative sources, compounded by limited gestational age assessment during pregnancy to define preterm birth. Up-to-date modelled estimates will be an important resource to measure the global burden of preterm birth and to inform policies and programs especially in settings with a high burden of neonatal mortality.

Trial registration

PROSPERO registration: CRD42021237861.
Effect of flaxseed on systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetic rats with or without chronic kidney disease
Authors: Al Za’abi Mohammed , Ali Haytham , Ali Badreldin H.
Published: October 2021

Background

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are common causes of morbidity and mortality. Flaxseed contains several bioactive compounds that have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible effect of flaxseed in diabetic rats with adenine–induced CKD.

Methods

Male Wister rats (n = 48) were randomly divided into seven equal groups and treated for 33 consecutive days as follows: G1: control. G2 adenine, G3: streptozotocin (STZ), G4: flaxseed, G5: adenine+flaxseed, G6: STZ+flaxseed, G7: adenine+STZ+flaxseed). DM or CKD were experimentally induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) or by adenine via oral gavage, respectively.

Results

Rats fed adenine alone exhibited several changes including decreased body weight, increased food and water intake and urine output, increased urinary albumin/creatinine ratio. They also showed an increase in plasma urea and, creatinine, indoxyl sulfate, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and cystatin C, and a decrease in renalase activity. These were associated with significant changes in inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers, e.g., increase in 8-isoprostane, 8 -hydroxy -2-deoxy guanosine and decrease in antioxidant enzymes, as well as increase in interleukins 1β and 6, and NF-κB, and a decrease in interlukin-10. Histopathologically, there was increased tubular necrosis and fibrosis. Concomitant administration of adenine and STZ further worsened the renal damage induced by adenine alone. Flaxseed significantly ameliorated the changes caused by adenine and STZ, given either singly or in combination.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that flaxseed is a potential therapeutic agent in attenuating the progression of CKD in diabetes.
Inhibition of the H3K27 demethylase UTX enhances the epigenetic silencing of HIV proviruses and induces HIV-1 DNA hypermethylation but fails to permanently block HIV reactivation
Authors: Nguyen Kien , Dobrowolski Curtis , Shukla Meenakshi , Cho Won-Kyung , Luttge Benjamin , Karn Jonathan
Published: October 2021

One strategy for a functional cure of HIV-1 is “block and lock”, which seeks to permanently suppress the rebound of quiescent HIV-1 by epigenetic silencing. For the bivalent promoter in the HIV LTR, both histone 3 lysine 27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3) and DNA methylation are associated with viral suppression, while H3K4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3) is correlated with viral expression. However, H3K27me3 is readily reversed upon activation of T-cells through the T-cell receptor. In an attempt to suppress latent HIV-1 in a stable fashion, we knocked down the expression or inhibited the activity of UTX/KDM6A, the major H3K27 demethylase, and investigated its impact on latent HIV-1 reactivation in T cells. Inhibition of UTX dramatically enhanced H3K27me3 levels at the HIV LTR and was associated with increased DNA methylation. In latently infected cells from patients, GSK-J4, which is a potent dual inhibitor of the H3K27me3/me2-demethylases JMJD3/KDM6B and UTX/KDM6A, effectively suppressed the reactivation of latent HIV-1 and also induced DNA methylation at specific sites in the 5’LTR of latent HIV-1 by the enhanced recruitment of DNMT3A to HIV-1. Nonetheless, suppression of HIV-1 through epigenetic silencing required the continued treatment with GSK-J4 and was rapidly reversed after removal of the drug. DNA methylation was also rapidly lost after removal of drug, suggesting active and rapid DNA-demethylation of the HIV LTR. Thus, induction of epigenetic silencing by histone and DNA methylation appears to be insufficient to permanently silence HIV-1 proviral transcription.
Action-based DBT: Integrating drama therapy to access wise mind
Authors: Roohan Mary Kate , Trottier Dana George
Published: October 2021

This article explores the potential of utilizing drama therapy techniques to assist clients in the acquisition and generalization of dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) skills. A foundational DBT skill, wise mind, is introduced through the lens of Landy’s Role Theory. Case material illustrates how action-based DBT increases the propensity of learning the skill of wise mind through incorporating role-play and embodiment within a supportive group environment.
A DvT-based clinical assessment of toxic stress in young children
Authors: Johnson David Read , Pitre Renée , Davis Catherine
Published: October 2021

A clinical assessment procedure is described for identifying possible sources of toxic stress among young children (ages 3–10), using a semi-structured modification of Developmental Transformations. This modification consists of improvisational play combined with a pre-determined sequence of roles symbolic of common adverse childhood experiences of neglect or emotional or physical threat. While conducting this procedure, the therapist carefully observes the client’s responses within the play to note the presence of play disruptions (e.g. hesitation, shift of scene and/or emotional arousal). These shifts may arise from prior experiences that remain distressing to the client and might merit further exploration. A review of the literature concerning toxic stress and assessments of children (particularly those that are play-based), along with an illustration of the clinical assessment, are presented. Strategies for follow-up and early intervention possibilities are highlighted. Key ethical considerations of this procedure are also discussed.
Free Play: Open Source Scripts Towards an Anti-Racist Tomorrow, Idris Goodwin, directed by Adam Stevens
Authors: Houston Aunrée J.
Published: October 2021

Review of: Free Play: Open Source Scripts Towards an Anti-Racist Tomorrow, Idris Goodwin, directed by Adam Stevens

CollideOscope Repertory Theatre Company, New York University, New York City, New York, Online (Zoom), 9–11 October, 2020, with Michelle Buckle, Treasure Tannock, Brandon J. Elam, Barbara Bethea, Keynessa Nazaire, Jordan Stewart, Zahra Warner, Mary Morris, Vicky Castain, Daniel Brown, Chantal Georges and Jason Butler
Farmakokutsadura eta Garapen Iraunkorrerako 6. Helburua: ur garbia eta saneamendua
Authors: Domingo Echaburu Saioa , Lertxundi Etxebarria Unax , Orive Arroyo Gorka
Published: October 2021

Medikamentuek naturan duten inpaktua geroz eta interes handiagoa pizten duen gaia da. Ezaguna da medikamentuak eta haien hondakinak ingurumen-konpartimentu guztietan aurkitu direla, batez ere uretan. Medikamentuak ingurumenera iristeko bide nagusia kontsumoarekin eta haren ondoriozko iraizpenarekin dago erlazionatuta. Nolanahi ere, medikamentuen bizi-zikloaren beste faseetan ere gerta daitezke ingurumenerako igorpenak. Farmako-kutsadurak eragina du ingurumenean dauden izaki bizidunetan, eta baita giza osasunean ere. Antibiotikoekiko erresistentzien gorakada da horren adibideetako bat. Bestalde, uraren erabilgarritasuna, saneamendua eta higienea giza eskubideak badira ere, mundu osoko biztanle guztiek ez dauzkate bermatuta. Artikulu honetan, Garapen Iraunkorrerako 6. Helburua (GIH) —hots, ur garbia eta saneamendua— eta haren erronkak aztertuko ditugu, farmakokutsaduraren ikuspuntutik, konponbideak aztertuz. GIHek garrantzi berezia dute garapen-bidean dauden herrialdeetan; hain zuzen ere, uretako farmakokutsadura gehien dutenetan. Farmakokutsadura ulertu eta aztertzeko, «One-Health» ikuspuntua bultzatu beharra dago, hau da, osasun bakarrean bateratzea gizakion osasuna, animaliena eta partekatzen dugun ingurumenarena, eta, arazoari aurre egiteko, nahitaezkoa da medikamentuen bizi-zikloan parte hartzen duten eragile guztien elkarlana. Farmakokutsadura 6. GIHa lortzeko oztopo bihur ez dadin, beharrezkoa da lekuan lekuko osasun publikoaren beharrez gain neurrien kostu-eraginkortasuna ere kontuan hartzea, neurrien eraginkortasuna ziurtatzeko.
Editorial
Authors: Neto Margarida Sobral
Published: October 2021

A Revista Portuguesa de História (RPH) cumpre este ano 80 anos de publicação ininterrupta de artigos e recensões críticas. No ano em que se completam oito décadas de publicação, decidimos dedicar o editorial aos princípios fundadores desta publicação científica e enlaçar esta celebração com uma evocação breve da obra do Prof. Doutor António de Oliveira, que nos deixou no dia 1 de janeiro de 2021.
“Ofensivo da sua honra e consideração”: os processos judiciais de injúrias e ofensa à moral pública da comarca de Coimbra em finais do século XIX
Authors: Paiva Costa Rita
Published: October 2021

Quando se perspetiva historicamente o comportamento linguístico de uma sociedade percebemos a importância do teor das palavras e o seu uso intencional como superior manifestação de uma sensibilidade. A retrospetiva histórica é, nesse sentido, essencial para compreendermos não só as transformações ao longo do tempo, mas sobretudo para reconhecer as continuidades que subsistem na linguagem e, assim sendo, nas próprias mentalidades.Os processos judiciais de injúrias e ofensa à moral pública refletem, na sua maioria, situações em que as relações interpessoais estão exasperadas e as palavras ganham, assim, um significado crítico que é entendido pelos envolvidos, pela comunidade e pela lei como um insulto. A análise desta documentação permitir-nos-á identificar, para os finais do século XIX, os mecanismos usuais da afronta pessoal, com o necessário cariz público, através das palavras injuriosas mais comuns, as considerações dos queixosos, que recaem nas noções de honra e perceção perante os outros, as testemunhas e a resolução do juiz. O estudo do significado histórico da linguagem, que funciona aqui como arma e como crime, possibilita a apreensão de um código social comum, sobretudo ao nível da oralidade, que com as devidas diferenças e aproximações é, ainda, compreendido por todos.
Sobre o uso dos jornais como fontes históricas – uma síntese metodológica
Authors: Barros José D'Assunção
Published: October 2021

O artigo aborda o uso dos jornais como fontes históricas, e tem a intenção de propor um conjunto de procedimentos aplicáveis à análise historiográfica deste tipo de fontes. A exemplificação – com vista a ilustrar cada um dos aspectos que foi discutido em uma perspectiva teórica – incide sobre o Brasil do princípio do século XIX, no qual os jornais tinham principalmente um propósito político e lidavam ainda com pequenas tiragens, habitualmente comandadas por um pequeno grupo de pessoas. Entrementes, é abordada ainda a situação mais típica de outros momentos na história da Imprensa, como aqueles em que já temos uma rede de mercados e os jornais passam a lidar com maiores tiragens. O propósito do artigo sintoniza-se com uma discussão metodológica sobre este tipo de fonte histórica que é o jornal.
Thermoacoustic Properties of Binary Liquid Mixtures of Sulfolane with Aniline,
N,N-Dimethylaniline and N,N-Diethylaniline at Different
Temperatures and Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Aftabuzzaman Mohammad , Monirul Islam Mohammad , Nasiruddin  , Rima Farhana Rahman , Islam Mohammad Nazrul , Ali Mohammad Azhar
Published: October 2021

Densities and sound velocities of the binary liquid mixtures of sulfolane + aniline, sulfolane +
N,N-dimethylaniline, sulfolane + N,N-diethylaniline over the whole range of composition and their
pure component were measured at temperatures (T = 303.15, 308.15, 313.15 K) and atmospheric
pressure. A high precision vibrating-tube densitometer was used for the measurements. From the
measured values, excess adiabatic compressibility (βs
E), excess sound velocity (uE), excess internal
pressure (Pi
E) and deviation of surface tension (Δγ) were calculated for each of the systems. The excess
properties and surface tension deviation were fitted to the Redlich-Kister equation. All these properties
have been discussed in terms of molecular interactions.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis, Molecular Docking Studies and Biological
Evaluation of Benzothiazole Containing Novel Indole Derivatives
Authors: Sultana Shaheen , Pandian P. , Rajkamal B.
Published: October 2021

The synthesis of novel indole derivatives 4a-o using a microwave assisted method via Schiff’s base
and Mannich base reaction mechanism was described. Compounds 3a-c were synthesized via reaction
of 2-amino benzothiazole with substituted isatin by Schiff base reaction mechanism. Also, indole
derivatives 4a-o were synthesized via reaction of compounds 3a-c with substituted benzaldehydes by
Mannich base reaction. The biological potentials of the newly synthesized indole derivatives were
evaluated for their anthelmintic activity and in vitro anticancer activity by MTT assay. The anticancer
activity results suggested that indole derivatives 4c-o have activity against MCF-7 and SKOV3 cells in
comparison with doxorubicin as standard drug. Furthermore, the molecular docking studies of these
novel derivatives of indole showed good agreement with the biological results when their binding
pattern and affinity towards the active site of EGFR was also investigated.
Spectral and Structural Characterization of Metformin with Different
Counter Anions: Comparative Analysis and DFT Calculations
Authors: Alsawat Mohammed , El-Sheshtawy Hamdy S. , Altalhi Tariq , Mezni Amine , Kumeria Tushar , Al-Juaid Salih S. , Ibrahim Mohamed M.
Published: October 2021

The metformin perchlorate (MetH+·ClO4
−) with a new crystal structure was synthesized, characterized
and comparatively studied with other metformin salts of Cl− and NO3
− by different spectroscopic
techniques such as TGA-DSC and FT-IR as well as UV-visible spectroscopic studies. DFT calculations
were performed by rwb97xd and 6-31G+(d,p) basis set for structure optimization and frequency
calculations. Similar to MetH+·Cl−, the crystal packing of MetH+·ClO4
−andMetH+·NO3
− were stabilized
by hexagonal hydrogen bond elongated network. The relative stability and reactivity of these salts
were determined by exploring the DFT chemical descriptors such as chemical hardness,
electronegativity, electronic chemical potential, electrophilicity and hardness. These calculations were
employed to get the subset of variables that could categorize the metformin salts according to their
reactivity.
Antibiotic Spectrum and Stability of Crude Extract of Extracellular Metabolites from Bacillus mageterium LB01-17
Authors: Ding Cong-Wen , Wei Luo-Qing , Zhou Shang-Ze
Published: October 2021

Crop pathogens including fungi and bacteria seriously affect the quality and yields of agricultural products. The purpose of this study was to detect the antibiotic spectrum of the crude extract of extracellular metabolites produced by Bacillus megaterium LB01-17 and its stability to heat, acid, alkali and ultraviolet light. The methods of mycelium growth rate and inhibitory zones were used to test the antimicrobial activity of the crude extract on 13 kinds of crop pathogenic fungi and 6 kinds of bacteria. The activity stability of the crude extract was determined under different pH values, acid-base environment and UV radiation time with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in postharvest mango as the indicator strain. The crude extract displayed broad spectrum activity against all tested fungi with the inhibition rate on 5 kinds of fungi more than 83 %. Inhibitory effects of the crude extract on the growth of 6 kinds of bacteria were also observed and strongest inhibition to Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae in rice was showed (inhibitory zone diameter 22.37 mm). By the detection of stability of the crude extract to acid, alkali, heat and UV, the results demonstrated that the inhibition rate of the crude extract against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was stable at pH 2-8 and 77.13 % of inhibition rate was still kept after treated at 140 ºC for 20 min and the crude extract had a stable activity to UV, and the inhibition rate was almost unchanged after 6 h.
A POLARIZAÇÃO E A INTOLERÂNCIA NO ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO DE DIREITO
Authors: Rosa Flávia Laurindo da
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo trata da análise da polarização e da intole-rância em um Estado Democrático de Direito, com ênfase no momento social contemporâneo, consubstanciado na sociedade brasileira. O objetivo principal dessa reflexão é fomentar uma cultura baseada na valorização de conquistas sociais, com a relevância da democracia em um país, de forma colaborativa com a justiça e com a sociedade. Ainda, após a delimitação sintética dos campos disciplinares aplicáveis, o presente texto destaca a importância da liberdade de expressão em um Estado Democrático de Direito para que diferentes concepções sejam debatidas em um cotejo analítico, com respeito aos participantes de um processo dialético.
A ATUAÇÃO DO PODER JUDICIÁRIO BRASILEIRO DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19: IMPACTOS E INOVAÇÕES
Authors: Jacinto Farias Pacheco da Silva Karine
Published: October 2021

A pandemia de COVID-19 causou impactos consideráveis obre todos os setores da sociedade, entre eles saúde, educação, economia, entre outros. A necessidade de distanciamento social visando reduzir a velocidade de disseminação do vírus fez com que os sistemas judiciários do mundo tivessem que se readequar às novas demandas sem deixar de prestar os serviços de acesso à justiça que são direito dos cidadãos. Diante dessa nova realidade mundial, este estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de verificar as alterações na atuação do sistema judiciário brasileiro frente à pandemia de COVID-19. Procedeu-se de uma revisão de literatura com base em estudos nacionais e internacionais. Somente artigos publicados no período de 2016 a 2021 foram considerados elegíveis. Em uma sociedade na qual a informação e as tecnologias fazem parte do cotidiano de pessoas, empresas, governos, enfim, de toda a sociedade, o Poder Judiciário não pode deixar de aderir ao seu uso, pois essas tecnologias representam avanço, garantia de acesso, mesmo em situações de risco para a saúde, agilidade, economicidade e acessibilidade a todos. No Brasil, as inovações vinham sendo lentamente incorporadas e, em face da pandemia, tiveram que ocorrer repentinamente, trazendo como desvantagem a falta de preparação de muitos servidores para seu uso, porém isso não impede que resultados positivos sejam alcançados.
Mãos à obra: a invenção de Orlândia
Authors: Eilers Helena
Published: October 2021

Um parque de diversões para a arte. É com esta ideia que é inaugurada a exposição “Orlândia”, no Rio de Janeiro. Em uma casa que passava por reformas, construiu-se um laboratório de experimentações, uma mostra festiva efêmera e em constante transformação. Longe de seguir regras expositivas, “Orlândia” reuniu dezenas de artistas em torno do livre criar.  Este artigo, busca contar a história da invenção desta mostra de arte, que viria, em seguida, se desdobrar e outras duas edições, envolvendo cerca de 140 artistas. Mais do que a “Disneylândia dos artistas”, a “Orlândia” se relaciona com outras ações que aconteciam no período e que, juntas, se tonaram importantes meios de expansão do circuito alternativo de arte.
Sustainable development and climate change mitigation at the rural municipal level in Austria: Tracing policy diffusion, process dynamics and political change
Authors: Feichtinger Judith , Stickler Therese , Schuch Klaus , Lexer Wolfgang
Published: October 2021

It is widely acknowledged that municipalities play an important role in the transition towards sustainable development and climate change mitigation. But how well do they really meet these expectations? Focusing on the diffusion of pertinent policies in local, rural Austria, we analyse whether the policy diffusion has induced procedural, political and programmatic effects and, if so, how it was accomplished. The results fall short of expectations.Although it is widely acknowledged that municipalities play an important role in the transition towards sustainable development and climate change mitigation, there is a notable lack of studies focusing on the diffusion of pertinent policies at the local level. This paper analyses the diffusion of sustainable development and climate change mitigation policies in rural Austrian municipalities. We scrutinise the policy diffusion rates and patterns. In doing so, we ask whether policy diffusion has induced procedural, political and programmatic effects within the rural government context and, if so, how these changes were accomplished. The results show that the lack of political commitment, political incoherency and insufficient support are major barriers impeding diffusion and implementation. Insufficient programmatic effects are explained by the fact that only “easier” measures have so far been implemented. These “easy” measures stop short of profoundly tackling structural problems or challenging current practices. In contrast to the high expectations regarding the role of municipalities in transitioning towards sustainability and climate-friendly practices, municipalities appear not to have the competencies nor the capacities to implement far-reaching, system-changing measures on their own.
Waldlabor Zürich: Das Reallabor für angewandte Forschung und umfassenden Wissenstransfer zu Waldthemen nimmt Gestalt an
Authors: Rudow Andreas , Bugmann Harald
Published: October 2021

Inmitten der Stadt Zürich entsteht ein großräumig und langfristig angelegtes Reallabor für Wissenstransfer rund um die Themen Waldökosystem und Waldbewirtschaftung. Aus der ursprünglichen Idee eines ,,Kommunikationswaldes“, um der breiten Bevölkerung
Wald und Waldbewirtschaftung näherzubringen, entwickelt sich nach und nach eine integrale Plattform. Diese vereint sowohl Forschung, Lehre und Wissenstransfer als auch die waldbezogenen naturwissenschaftlichen, geisteswissenschaftlichen und technischen Disziplinen ‐ und nicht zuletzt
die transdiziplinären Stakeholder-Ebenen Forschung, Behörde, Praxis und Öffentlichkeit. Der Ansatz eines iterativen Bottom-up-Prozesses birgt Chancen für die Lösung komplexer Umweltprobleme und stellt gleichzeitig alle Beteiligten vor erhebliche Herausforderungen.
Politik der Beschwörung: Kommunikation als Instrument globaler Klimapolitik
Authors: Aykut Stefan Cihan
Published: October 2021

Kommunikative Strategien rund um UN-Klimakonferenzen gewinnen zunehmend an Bedeutung, wie die Verabschiedung des Übereinkommens von Paris (Paris Agreement) zeigte: Um ein positives Narrativ zu verbreiten, wurde gern der ,,Geist von Paris“ beschworen. Klimagipfel werden
außerdem zunehmend medial inszeniert, um wirtschaftliche und politische Akteure ins Boot zu holen. Klimakommunikation ist also darauf ausgerichtet, in alle gesellschaftlichen Bereiche zu diffundieren und so auf das Einhalten der Klimaziele von Paris hinzuwirken.
MDTP
Authors: Fang Ziquan , Pan Lu , Chen Lu , Du Yuntao , Gao Yunjun
Published: October 2021

Traffic prediction has drawn increasing attention for its ubiquitous real-life applications in traffic management, urban computing, public safety, and so on. Recently, the availability of massive trajectory data and the success of deep learning motivate a plethora of deep traffic prediction studies. However, the existing neural-network-based approaches tend to ignore the correlations between multiple types of moving objects located in the same spatio-temporal traffic area, which is suboptimal for traffic prediction analytics.

In this paper, we propose a multi-source deep traffic prediction framework over spatio-temporal trajectory data, termed as
MDTP.
The framework includes two phases: spatio-temporal feature modeling and multi-source bridging. We present an enhanced graph convolutional network (GCN) model combined with long short-term memory network (LSTM) to capture the spatial dependencies and temporal dynamics of traffic in the feature modeling phase. In the multi-source bridging phase, we propose two methods, Sum and Concat, to connect the learned features from different trajectory data sources. Extensive experiments on two real-life datasets show that MDTP i) has superior efficiency, compared with classical time-series methods, machine learning methods, and state-of-the-art neural-network-based approaches; ii) offers a significant performance improvement over the single-source traffic prediction approach; and iii) performs traffic predictions in seconds even on tens of millions of trajectory data. we develop

MDTP
+

, a user-friendly interactive system to demonstrate traffic prediction analysis.
Towards crowd-aware indoor path planning
Authors: Liu Tiantian , Li Huan , Lu Hua , Cheema Muhammad Aamir , Shou Lidan
Published: October 2021

Indoor venues accommodate many people who collectively form crowds. Such crowds in turn influence people's routing choices, e.g., people may prefer to avoid crowded rooms when walking from A to B. This paper studies two types of crowd-aware indoor path planning queries. The Indoor Crowd-Aware Fastest Path Query (FPQ) finds a path with the shortest travel time in the presence of crowds, whereas the Indoor Least Crowded Path Query (LCPQ) finds a path encountering the least objects en route. To process the queries, we design a unified framework with three major components. First, an indoor crowd model organizes indoor topology and captures object flows between rooms. Second, a time-evolving population estimator derives room populations for a future timestamp to support crowd-aware routing cost computations in query processing. Third, two exact and two approximate query processing algorithms process each type of query. All algorithms are based on graph traversal over the indoor crowd model and use the same search framework with different strategies of updating the populations during the search process. All proposals are evaluated experimentally on synthetic and real data. The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of our framework and query processing algorithms.
Placental findings are not associated with neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy – an 11-year single-center experience
Authors: Benz Laura D. , Bode Peter K. , Brandt Simone , Grass Beate , Hagmann Cornelia , Liamlahi Rabia , Frey Bernhard , Held Ulrike , Brotschi Barbara
Published: October 2021

Objectives

Although neonates with moderate to severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) receive therapeutic hypothermia (TH), 40–50% die or have significant neurological disability. The aim of this study is to analyse the association of placental pathology and neurodevelopmental outcome in cooled neonates with HIE at 18–24 months of age.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on 120 neonates registered in the Swiss National Asphyxia and Cooling Register born between 2007 and 2017. This descriptive study examines the frequency and range of pathologic findings in placentas of neonates with HIE. Placenta pathology was available of 69/120 neonates, whose results are summarized as placental findings. As neonates with HIE staged Sarnat score 1 (21/69) did not routinely undergo follow-up assessments and of six neonates staged Sarnat Score 2/3 no follow-up assessments were available, 42/48 (88%) neonates remain to assess the association between placental findings and outcome.

Results

Of the 42/48 (88%) neonates with available follow up 29% (12/42) neonates died. Major placenta abnormalities occurred in 48% (20/42). Major placenta abnormality was neither associated with outcome at 18–24 months of age (OR 1.75 [95% CI 0.50–6.36, p=0.381]), nor with death by 2 years of age (OR 1.96 [95% CI 0.53–7.78, p=0.320]).

Conclusions

In this study cohort there could not be shown an association between the placenta findings and the neurodevelopmental outcome at 18–24 months of age.
3D sputtering simulations of the CZTS, Si and CIGS thin films using Monte-Carlo method
Authors: Refas Salah Eddine Chouaib , Bouazza Abdelkader , Belhadji Youcef
Published: October 2021

The future of the industry development depends greatly on the permanently ensured energy needs and can be achieved only through the use of a variety of sustainable energy sources where the solar energy, which gains its optimal exploitation directly by linking it to the properties of solar cells and in particular to the crystallographic quality of the used semiconductor substrates, is one of them. Many growth processes are used to obtain a high quality of semiconductor formation and deposition, among them the DC sputtering. In this work, based on the Monte-Carlo method, a 3D DC sputtering simulation of the

CZTS

{\mathrm{CZTS}}

,

Si

{\mathrm{Si}}

and

CIGS

{\mathrm{CIGS}}

semiconductors thin film formation is proposed by considering Argon as vacuum chamber bombardment gas. We extrapolate firstly the best sputtering yield possible of the semiconductors

CZTS

{\mathrm{CZTS}}

and Silicon represented by their chemical formulas

Cu
2

⁢

ZnSnS
4

{\mathrm{Cu}_{2}\mathrm{Zn}\mathrm{Sn}\mathrm{S}_{4}}

and

Si

{\mathrm{Si}}

, respectively, by the application of different energies and incidence angles. From the obtained results, firstly we deduce that the best sputtering angle is

85
∘

{85^{\circ}}

; in the same time,

CZTS

{\mathrm{CZTS}}

is more efficient comparing to the

Si

{\mathrm{Si}}

. Secondly, with the application of this angle (

85
∘

{85^{\circ}}

) in the sputtering process for the

CZTS

{\mathrm{CZTS}}

(

Cu
2

⁢

ZnSnS
4

{\mathrm{Cu}_{2}\mathrm{Zn}\mathrm{Sn}\mathrm{S}_{4}}

) and

CIGS

{\mathrm{CIGS}}

represented by its chemical formula

CuIn
x

⁢

Ga

(

1
-
x

)

⁢

Se
2

{\mathrm{Cu}\mathrm{In}_{x}\mathrm{Ga}_{(1-x)}\mathrm{Se}_{2}}

, and the variation of the bombardment energy in order to find the total ejected atoms from each element of these two materials, we deduce that the sulfide (

S
4

{\mathrm{S}_{4}}

) and selenide (

Se
2

{\mathrm{Se}_{2}}

) elements give the majority of the sputtering yield amount obtained.
Transition from Swifterbant to Funnelbeaker: A Bayesian Chronological Model
Authors: Menne Julia , Brunner Mirco
Published: October 2021

The transition from the late Swifterbant culture to the first appearance of the Funnelbeaker Westgroup raises numerous questions, from cultural discontinuities to gradual transitions. This process describes the transformation from a late mesolithic of hunter‐gatherer societies to a fully neolithic society in Northwestern Europe. The Early Neolithic in this area marks a technological and sociocultural transition zone, which we can identify. Although the first megalithic buildings of the Funnelbeaker Culture were erected around 3600 BC, Swifterbant sites and findings can still be traced. Many studies assume a hiatus between these phases, which is based on a research‐historical but also a conservation‐related problem. With this contribution, we attempt to generate a chronological Bayesian model on the basis of absolute chronological data. The aim is to compare the numerous available radiocarbon data from different periods in one overview. It is a model to visualize discontinuities or overlaps of the currently available data. It becomes apparent that there is a slide overlap between the archaeologically defined chronological phases. This model serves as a basis for further discussion and chronological models.
English on air: Novel anglicisms in German radio language
Authors: Schaefer Sarah Josefine
Published: October 2021

Traditional research on anglicisms has been undertaken in different media corpora. However, the media, both agents of globalisation and affected by globalising flows, and how they operate within global flows of messages and linguistic resources that characterise our mediatised societies have not been given sufficient attention in these studies. In addition, the German media have been repeatedly criticised for using anglicisms without explaining these, causing comprehension problems. By examining novel anglicisms on German radio from a journalistic perspective, this article shows that acknowledging journalists’ language practices gives a more detailed picture of the specific language used on air. This article includes an analysis of novel anglicisms in a self-compiled radio corpus and an examination of interview statements made by radio journalists on their use of novel anglicisms in radio content. The findings show that the claim made by previous research is rather oversimplified. Instead, a complex web of normative forces that shape how novel anglicisms are made comprehensible on radio is revealed, which includes the constraints of the medium, stylistic and journalistic genre conventions, the target audience, and the language perceptions of journalists.
The induction of social pessimism reduces pain responsiveness
Authors: Horn-Hofmann Claudia , Piloth Jennifer J. , Schütz Astrid , Baumeister Roy F. , Lautenbacher Stefan
Published: October 2021

Objectives

Past work has found that optimism reduces a person’s responsiveness to pain, but the effects of pessimism are not clear. Therefore, we gave pessimistic forecasts of participants’ future social life and measured changes in their pain responsiveness. In particular, some participants were told that they would end up alone in life.

Methods

Seventy-five subjects were investigated in three conditions (negative forecast, positive forecast, no forecast) for changes in pain threshold and pain tolerance threshold. Pressure pain induction was accomplished by either human- or machine-driven algometers. A randomly assigned bogus forecast promising either a lonely or a socially satisfying future was ostensibly based on a personality questionnaire and an emotional dot-probe task. As potential covariates, questionnaires assessing dispositional optimism (LOT-R), pain catastrophizing (PCS), and self-esteem (SISE) were given.

Results

Pain thresholds suggested a change toward unresponsiveness only in the negative forecast condition, with only small differences between the modes of pain induction (i.e., human or machine). The results for pain tolerance thresholds were less clear also because of limiting stimulation intensity for safety reasons. The covariates were not associated with these changes.

Conclusions

Thus, people expecting a lonely future became moderately less responsive to pain. This numbing effect was not modulated by personality measures, neither in a protective fashion via dispositional optimism and self-esteem nor in a risk-enhancing fashion via trait pain catastrophizing. Alternative mechanisms of action should be explored in future studies.
Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality – An Overview
Authors: Polacko Matthew
Published: October 2021

Rising income inequality is one of the greatest challenges facing advanced economies today. Income inequality is multifaceted and is not the inevitable outcome of irresistible structural forces such as globalisation or technological development. Instead, this review shows that inequality has largely been driven by a multitude of political choices. The embrace of neoliberalism since the 1980s has provided the key catalyst for political and policy changes in the realms of union regulation, executive pay, the welfare state and tax progressivity, which have been the key drivers of inequality. These preventable causes have led to demonstrable harmful outcomes that are not explicable solely by material deprivation. This review also shows that inequality has been linked on the economic front with reduced growth, investment and innovation, and on the social front with reduced health and social mobility, and greater violent crime.
VATSONGA PEOPLE’S PERCEPTIONS OF CHILDREN’S RIGHTS
Authors: Simbine Lisenga , Le Roux Liana
Published: October 2021

This article is based on the findings of a qualitative study that explored the Vatsonga people’s perceptions of children’s rights to protection. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 community-based participants and 11child protection social workers who were familiar with the Vatsonga people's cultural heritage. Key informant and snowball sampling techniques were employed to select the community-based participants and availability sampling for selecting the social work participants. The study established that the Vatsonga people recognise the provision, protection and participation rights of children. Child participation is perceived as comprised of childhood responsibilities, not the right to be heard perse. The paper argues that some of the purported violations of child rights in Africa emanate from the universal application of a Eurocentric worldview of children’s rights. We conclude that to understand child rights in Africa, African people should be allowed to contribute to the construction of an indigenised and contextualised perspective on child rights.