bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obraz mieszkańców krajów Globalnego Południa w polskiej wielokulturowej literaturze dziecięcej XXI wieku
Authors: Korwin-Mikke Katarzyna
Published: August 2022

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zbadanie obrazu przedstawicieli Globalnego Po[1]łudnia wyłaniającego się z polskiej wielokulturowej literatury dziecięcej XXI wie[1]ku oraz sprawdzenie, czy są w niej powielane mity i wzorce narracji zaczerpnię[1]te z dyskursu kolonialnego. Autorka tekstu poddaje analizie utwory należące do dwóch kategorii literatury wielokulturowej według klasyfikacji Mingshuiego Caia i Rudine Sims Bishop: literatury światowej oraz literatury międzykulturowej. Taki dobór literatury podmiotu pozwala na sprawdzenie, jakie konteksty sytuacyjne najbardziej sprzyjają ujawnianiu się w  narracji kolonialnego sposobu myślenia. Zostaje również podjęta próba powiązania wizerunków przedstawianych w oma[1]wianych dziełach literackich z wyzwaniami współczesnego świata: edukacją glo[1]balną, etyczną turystyką i pomocą charytatywną czy też zjawiskiem migracji oraz uchodźstwa
Effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment in Vietnamese children with central precocious puberty
Authors: Huynh Lan Thi Chi , Huynh Quynh Thi Vu
Published: August 2022

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) are generally indicated in central precocious puberty (CPP) patients. We aimed to analyze the auxological outcomes of GnRHa treatment on CPP children.

A cross-sectional study with observational data were collected from 143 CPP patients who finished GnRHa therapy in Children Hospital 2, Vietnam. Anthropometry and sexual maturity rating were assessed after 6 months and each year of the therapy. The Bayley-Pinneau method was used to estimate the predicted adult height (PAH).

The mean calendar age and bone age at the start of the treatment were 8.0 ± 0.7 years and 10.5 ± 0.1 years, respectively. The mean treatment period was 2.4 ± 0.6 years. GnRHa led to the regression of pubertal symptoms after treatment. The pre-treatment PAH was 157.8 ± 0.6 cm (girls) and 172.3 ± 2.4 cm (boys). The PAH at treatment discontinuation (162.0 ± 0.5 cm in girls and 176.7 ± 2.3 cm in boys) was higher than the initial PAH (p<0.05). For girls with treatment before 6 years old, GnRHa results in a predicted average gain in adult height of 10.2 ± 3.2 cm, whereas the predicted height advancement in the 6-8 age group was 5.3 ± 0.7 cm. The predicted average height gain of girls aged over 8 years was 3.2 ± 0.6 cm.

GnRHa therapy was effective for CPP treatment with the improvement of predicted final height. Predicted height advancement was still documented in females who started the treatment after 8 years old.
The Stability of Cementite in the Presence of Water at Extreme Temperatures and Pressures
Authors:   Gubkin University, Serovaiskii A. Yu. , Kutcherov V. G. ,   Gubkin University,   Department of Energy Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
Published: August 2022

The behavior of cementite (Fe3C) in aqueous environments was investigated in the thermobaric range of 180-950°C and 2-6 GPa. When interacting with water, cementite was transformed into wüstite and magnetite. The gaseous reaction products were represented mainly by saturated hydrocarbons with linear and branched structures up to C7. The composition of the hydrocarbon products synthesized from cementite and water at extreme thermobaric parameters varied from light mixtures similar to "dry" natural gasto complex hydrocarbon systems similar to "wet" natural gas and gas condensate. During the investigation, it was discovered that the chemical reaction between iron carbide and water begins at 220°C under extreme pressure, which is significantly lower than the temperature at which the reaction of cementite with water begins at ambient pressure.
Complex Study of a Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid Based on a Pseudo-Dimeric Surfactant
Authors:   Scientific Center of the World Level ", Silin M. A. ,   Rational development of liquid hydrocarbon reserves of the planet", Magadova L. A. ,   Scientific Center of the World Level " Rational development of liquid hydrocarbon reserves of the planet", Malkin, D. N. ,   Scientific Center of the World Level " Rational development of liquid hydrocarbon reserves of the planet", Krisanova P. K. ,   Scientific Center of the World Level " Rational development of liquid hydrocarbon reserves of the planet", Borodin S. A. ,   Scientific Center of the World Level " Rational development of liquid hydrocarbon reserves of the planet", Filatov. A. A. ,   Scientific Center of the World Level " Rational development of liquid hydrocarbon reserves of the planet"
Published: August 2022

The paper presents a complex study of compositions based on pseudo-dimeric surfactants. Rheological and oscillation studies, proppant test (proppant drop rate and static proppant settling), composition’s influence on clay swelling were carried out.In the course of research, it was found that hydraulic fracturing fluids based on pseudo-dimeric surfactants have advantages over similar systems.
Analysis of the Techniques for Measuring the Equilibrium Conditions of Gas Hydrates Formation
Authors:   Gubkin University, Semenov A. P. , Mendgaziev R.I. ,   Gubkin University, Tulegenov T.B. ,   Gubkin University, Stoporev A.S. ,   Gubkin University,   Kazan Federal University
Published: August 2022

In this work, we analyze the factors that affect the experimental determination of the gas hydrate equilibrium conditions in various systems using step heating and ramp heating by GHA350 stirred autoclave or RCS6 rocking cells. It has been found that more reliable results are obtained using the GHA350 autoclave, which provides a more intensive mixing of the fluids. Step heatingis a priori a more reliable way to determine the equilibrium conditions of hydrate formation, suitable for any system. However, its application is time-consuming. An alternative heating method at a constant rate of 0.1-1 deg./h can significantly reducethe time of one measurement. However, when using it, to obtain reliable experimental data, it is necessary to select the heating rate considering the mixing efficiency of the setup used, the type of system under study, and other factors. For most systems, the results of measuring the hydrate equilibrium temperatures by step and continuous heating at 0.1 deg./h using GHA350 autoclaveare consistent within the measurement error. A greater discrepancy between the methods is observed for gas hydrates in concentrated salt solutions, which have a high viscosity at low temperatures.
Estimation of Queue Length at Signalized Intersection Under Non-Lane Based Traffic Conditions
Authors: Jithender Jatoth , Mehar Arpan
Published: August 2022

Excessive queue length is formed at approaches of signalized intersection if demand flow rate exceeds the saturation flow. The analysis of approaching flow at signalized intersections make easier to predict the queue length for avoiding traffic congestion. At congestion level, queue length reaches to maximum, and the traffic flow becomes zero. Measurement of queuing is essential for design and evaluation of traffic flow facilities. The literature review finds various methods for estimating queue length at signalized intersection under homogeneous and heterogenous traffic flow conditions. Traffic flow data was collected at different intersections in Hyderabad city using videography method. The present study determined queue length at approaches of signalized intersection by using the existing methods given in the literature. The results showed the queue length obtained from different methods are failed to match the queue length as observed in the field. Finally, the study developed a multivariable model for predicting queue length by checking the sensitivity of various factors influencing on queue length at the approach of signalized intersections. Further, the model was validated using field data collected at other approaches based on statistical analysis. Statistical evidence confirmed that the queue length estimated from the proposed model well replicates the queue length observed in the field under the given traffic and roadway conditions. The study recommends that the proposed model works well for the signalized intersection operating with a high proportional share (above 30%) of Two-wheeler in the mixed traffic but limited to operating with higher volume conditions.
IOT BASED SMART SOIL HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM WITH REMOTE MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM
Authors:   Haldia Institute of Technology (HIT), Haldia, Bhattacharya Swarnajit , Roy Dr. Soumya , Sen Dr. Mrinmoy , Majhi Dr. Uday ,   Haldia Institute of Technology (HIT), Haldia
Published: August 2022

Soil situation monitoring sensors enable farmers to accumulate statistics about rainfall, temperature, and other metrics over time to tune tendencies and predict irrigation needs. Farmers will keep time that’s normally spend manually checking crop water ranges due to the fact sensors can supply them real-time facts right away on nearly any on-line device. Sensors enable for higher water conservation whilst making sure there isn’t over or under watering of vegetation. Smart soil moisture, humidity, temperature and PH monitoring and analysis. Auto-pump on-off device in fields, with excessive fast SDST Relay with low water stage cut-off machine for long-life of the water pumps. This whole project is done in very low cost keeping in mind the current financial condition of farmers of INDIA.
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF SHEAR WALL AND BRACING ON MULTISTORIED BUILDING
Authors:   Scholars Institute of Technology and Management, Goswami Nandona
Published: August 2022

High rise structures are susceptible to failure and collapse in case of earthquakes. Now a days, shear wall and steel bracings are most popular systems to resist lateral loads due to earthquakes. Both the systems have significant roles in reducing the damage caused due to lateral loads in case of an earthquake. In this study, an attempt has been made to study the performance of a G+9 story building with shear wall and bracing in seismic zone V and comparison has been made between the two systems to find the most suitable earthquake resistant structure. Response Spectrum Analysis has been performed in the software ETABS. The performance is evaluated on the basis of story displacement and story drift.
PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT USING DPEASSEMBLY LINE BALANCING
Authors:   Tata Technologies Ltd, Deo Prasad Sarab , Sharma Vikas , Jain Ayush , Kumar Sahu Dilip ,   Tata Technologies Ltd
Published: August 2022

Assembly lines have been a significant development for managing operations-- a mode that allows high-volume, low-cost standardized production. These benefits are often offset by drawbacks: perceptions of Fordist assembly lines consider them to be rigid and inflexible (Abernathy, 1978; Piore and Sabel, 1984; Womack, Jones and Roos, 1990). Tolliday and Zeitlin’s (1992) title “Between Fordism and Flexibility” perfectly expresses this dichotomous perspective: that the two are on opposite poles. Our understanding of assembly lines is implicitly constrained by the theory surrounding assembly line balancing (ALB) describing how such systems should be designed for maximum efficiency. The line balancing problem is well established in the Operations Research literature. Salveson (1955) first described and mathematically formulated the problem, and an extensive literature followed (Erel and Sarin, 1998; Boysen, Fliedner and Scholl, 2007; Wild, 1972) with many variants and extensions of the basic model. These analyses have focused on maximizing line efficiency rather than their overall operational effectiveness or strategic use. Erel and Sarin (1998) observed that ALB theory was not widely used, but suggested this was because racticing managers were unfamiliar with the relevant theoretical developments. They also noted that managers often considered broader issues than simple line optimization; however, those issues were not explored.
FACTORS AFFECTING TIME OVERRUN IN GOVERNMENT AFFORDABLE HOUSING CONSTRUCTION: THE CASE OF MAHARASHTRA HOUSING AREA DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (MHADA) IN PUNE METROPOLITAN AREA
Authors:   Pentacle Consultants (I) Pvt. Ltd, Samadhan Gawale Prasanna
Published: August 2022

Construction industry is considered as a locomotive of the national economy; it has significant effect on the efficiency and productivity of all sectors. The ongoing urban housing development in this industry certain patterns have indicated an arrangement towards market-situated types of housing pair with globalization and the development of the Indian economy (Sengupta and Tipple, 2007). This study is aimed to identify and examine the major factors that contribute to construction time overruns, their negative effects and possible solutions to overcome such delays from Indian construction industries Accessing the different factors affecting the time overrun necessary recommendations has been provided through this report for the stated problem
Saturation sensitivity and influencing factors of marine DC resistivity inversion to submarine gas hydrate
Authors: Qiu Ning , Fu Qicheng , Yang Liu , Sun Zhen , Chang Yanjun , Du Bingrui
Published: August 2022

The submarine gas hydrate usually exists in the sediment on the continental slope. The bottom simulating reflector on the reflected seismic was identified as the bottom of the hydrate stability zone. However, many BSRs may not find the hydrate’s effective storage and its underlying free gas in many places. It is essential to identify the saturation of the hydrate. The resistivity can be used to evaluate the hydrate’s porosity and saturation. The hydrate boasts a high resistance to the surrounding sediments. The sensitivity of the marine Direct Current resistivity method (DCR) to the high resistance of the sediment can be used to evaluate the saturation of the hydrate. We have assessed the sensitivity of various DCR array arrangements, towed depths, hydrate thicknesses, and saturation. These influencing factors for improving recognition ability were also systematically analyzed. We have compared the inversion results of various DCR array arrangements, as well as different depths, thicknesses, and hydrate saturation, and calculated the saturation. We suggest using the corrected saturation equation to analyze the DCR results, which can improve the ability of hydrate identification. Evaluating these parameters will help develop or select DCR instruments for detecting the submarine gas hydrate.
Integrating Blue Energy in Maritime Spatial Planning of Mediterranean Regions
Authors: Pulselli Riccardo Maria , Struglia Maria Vittoria , Maccanti Matteo , Bruno Morena , Patrizi Nicoletta , Neri Elena , Carillo Adriana , Napolitano Ernesto , Stefanatos Nikolaos , Perakis Christoforos , Damasiotis Markos , Di Pietrantonio Federica , Magaudda Stefano , Madalena Venturo , Stančin Hrvoje , Mikulčić Hrvoje , Petrou Vasilis , Smagas Konstantinos , Valari Eleni , Shakou Louisa Marie , Bastianoni Simone
Published: August 2022

Blue Energy (BE) is expected to play a strategic role in the energy transition of Europe, particularly toward the 2050 horizon. It refers to a set of Marine Energy Sources (MES), including offshore wind, waves, tides, marine currents, sea thermal energy, salinity gradients, and marine biomass, which are exploited by different BE technologies. Nevertheless, the implementation of integrated solutions to exploit MES in marine areas does not just concern technological issues; it requires inclusive planning practices considering different aspects regarding climate and environmental impacts, landscape compatibility, interference with other marine activities (such as shipping, fishing, and tourism), and social acceptance. A replicable BE planning framework has been developed based on interdisciplinary knowledge in three Mediterranean sites in Greece, Croatia, and Cyprus, under the scope of the Interreg Med BLUE DEAL project. It has been implemented by some interdisciplinary experts through a collaborative and iterative process of data elaboration, mapping, evaluation, and visualization. Results concern the localization of suitable sites to install BE plants and the estimation of potential energy production and avoided emissions in selected scenarios. Together with visual simulations, this study shows the potential effects of the implementation of BE in specific marine areas, with a special focus on the most promising offshore floating wind farms and wave energy converters (WECs), as basic information for participative design and stakeholder engagement initiatives, including public authorities, businesses, and citizens.
Effects of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease on neurodegenerative diseases: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Li Hong , Wen Zheng
Published: August 2022

Background: Both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) are associated with neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) in observational studies, but the causality remains controversial. We aimed to use Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore causal associations between UC and CD and NDs.

Methods: We used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated (p < 5 × 10−8) with UC and CD as instrumental variables (IVs) to perform the MR analysis on the risks of three NDs, namely, Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), Parkinson’s Disease (PD), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). The inverse variance weighted (IVW) was the primary method and supplement with the weighted median and MR-Egger regression. Moreover, the MR-Egger intercept test, Cochran’s Q test, and “leave one out” sensitivity analysis were implemented to assess the horizontal pleiotropy, heterogeneities, and stability of these SNPs on NDs. To verify the stability of the results, we re-run the MR analysis by using another set of IVs of UC and CD. A reverse causality analysis was conducted to test whether NDs were causally associated with UC or CD. The significance threshold was set at p < 0.05/6 = 0.008.

Results: In the primary MR analysis, the IVW method yielded no evidence to support a causal association between UC and PD (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.96–1.06, p = 0.65), AD (OR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.99–1.00, p = 0.57), or ALS (OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.96–1.01, p = 0.24), and neither did the MR-Egger and weighted median methods. Our MR analysis also suggested no definitively causal effect of the genetically predicted CD on PD (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.97–1.05, p = 0.54), AD (OR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.99–1.00, p = 0.26), or ALS (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.96–1.02, p = 0.41), as well as MR-Egger and weighted median methods. Consistent results were found in validation analyses. We did not find a significant causal effect of NDs on UC or CD in the reverse MR analysis.

Conclusion: No evidence indicated an association between the risks of NDs and genetically predicted UC or CD. The MR results did not support a causal association between UC or CD and three NDs.
Using expression quantitative trait loci data and graph-embedded neural networks to uncover genotype–phenotype interactions
Authors: Guo Xinpeng , Han Jinyu , Song Yafei , Yin Zhilei , Liu Shuaichen , Shang Xuequn
Published: August 2022

Motivation: A central goal of current biology is to establish a complete functional link between the genotype and phenotype, known as the so-called genotype–phenotype map. With the continuous development of high-throughput technology and the decline in sequencing costs, multi-omics analysis has become more widely employed. While this gives us new opportunities to uncover the correlation mechanisms between single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), genes, and phenotypes, multi-omics still faces certain challenges, specifically: 1) When the sample size is large enough, the number of omics types is often not large enough to meet the requirements of multi-omics analysis; 2) each omics’ internal correlations are often unclear, such as the correlation between genes in genomics; 3) when analyzing a large number of traits (p), the sample size (n) is often smaller than p, n << p, hindering the application of machine learning methods in the classification of disease outcomes.

Results: To solve these issues with multi-omics and build a robust classification model, we propose a graph-embedded deep neural network (G-EDNN) based on expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data, which achieves sparse connectivity between network layers to prevent overfitting. The correlation within each omics is also considered such that the model more closely resembles biological reality. To verify the capabilities of this method, we conducted experimental analysis using the GSE28127 and GSE95496 data sets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, tested various neural network architectures, and used prior data for feature selection and graph embedding. Results show that the proposed method could achieve a high classification accuracy and easy-to-interpret feature selection. This method represents an extended application of genotype–phenotype association analysis in deep learning networks.
Smad4-deficient T cells promote colitis-associated colon cancer via an IFN-γ-dependent suppression of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase
Authors: Choi Sung Hee , Huang Alex Y. , Letterio John J. , Kim Byung-Gyu
Published: August 2022

Immune cells and the cytokines they produce are important mediators of the transition from colitis to colon cancer, but the mechanisms mediating this disease progression are poorly understood. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is known to contribute to the pathogenesis of colitis through immune modulatory mechanisms, and through direct effects on endothelial and epithelial homeostasis. Here we explore whether IFN-γ influences tumor progression by expanding the effector memory T cells (TEM) population and restricting the expression of tumor suppressors in a preclinical model of spontaneous colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). We show that IFN-γ expression is significantly increased both in the T cells and the colonic mucosal epithelia of mice with a T cell-restricted deletion of the TGF-β intermediate, SMAD4 (Smad4TKO). The increase of IFN-γ expression correlates with the onset of spontaneous CAC in Smad4TKO mice by 6 months of age. This phenotype is greatly ameliorated by the introduction of a germline deletion of IFN-γ in Smad4TKO mice (Smad4TKO/IFN-γKO, DKO). DKO mice had a significantly reduced incidence and progression of CAC, and a decrease in the number of mucosal CD4+ TEM cells, when compared to those of Smad4TKO mice. Similarly, the colon epithelia of DKO mice exhibited a non-oncogenic signature with a decrease in the expression of iNOS and p-STAT1, and a restoration of the tumor suppressor gene, 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH). In vitro, treatment of human colon cancer cells with IFN-γ decreased the expression of 15-PGDH. Our data suggest that Smad4-deficient T cells promote CAC through mechanisms that include an IFN-γ-dependent suppression of the tumor suppressor 15-PGDH.
Microbial metabolites and heart failure: Friends or enemies?
Authors: Lu Xiaofeng , Liu Jingjing , Zhou Bing , Wang Shuwei , Liu Zhifang , Mei Fuyang , Luo Junxiang , Cui Yong
Published: August 2022

Heart failure (HF), a global health issue characterized by structural or functional cardiac dysfunction, which was found to be associated with the gut microbiome recently. Although multiple studies suggested that the gut microbiome may have an impact on the development of cardiovascular diseases, the underlying mechanism of the gut microbiome in HF remains unclear. The study of metabolites from gut microbiota influenced by dietary nutrition uptake suggested that gut microbiota may affect the process of HF. However, on the basis of the microbiota’s complicated roles and their interactions with metabolites, studies of microbial metabolites in HF had rarely been described so far. In this review, we focused on dietary nutrition-related factors that were involved in the development and progression of HF, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and bile acids (BAs), to summarize their advances and several potential targets in HF. From a therapeutic standpoint, we discussed microbial metabolites as a potential strategy and their applications in HF as well.
On-sensor binarized CNN inference with dynamic model swapping in pixel processor arrays
Authors: Liu Yanan , Bose Laurie , Fan Rui , Dudek Piotr , Mayol-Cuevas Walterio
Published: August 2022

Many types of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models and training methods have been proposed in recent years aiming to provide efficiency for embedded and edge devices with limited computation and memory resources. The wide variety of architectures makes this a complex task that has to balance generality with efficiency. Among the most interesting camera-sensor architectures are Pixel Processor Arrays (PPAs). This study presents two methods that are useful for embedded CNNs in general but particularly suitable for PPAs. The first is for training purely binarized CNNs, the second is for deploying larger models with a model swapping paradigm that loads model components dynamically. Specifically, this study trains and implements networks with batch normalization and adaptive threshold for binary activations. Then, we convert batch normalization and binary activations into a bias matrix which can be parallelly implemented by an add/sub operation. For dynamic model swapping, we propose to decompose applications that are beyond the capacity of a PPA into sub-tasks that can be solved by tree networks that can be loaded dynamically as needed. We demonstrate our approaches to various tasks including classification, localization, and coarse segmentation on a highly resource constrained PPA sensor-processor.
Inhibitory Effects of Polyphenols-Rich Components From Three Edible Seaweeds on Inflammation and Colon Cancer in vitro
Authors: Yi Lingxiao , Wang Qi , Luo Haiyan , Lei Daqing , Tang Zhonghai , Lei Sijia , Xiao Hang
Published: August 2022

Graphical Abstract

Extractable polyphenols-rich components (EPCs) and non-extractable polyphenols-rich components (NEPCs) have been isolated from three edible seaweeds. EPCs and NEPCs from three edible seaweeds contain certain amounts of phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins, and few amounts of carbohydrates and proteins. Further studies evaluated the efficacy and mechanism behind the anti-inflammatory capacities in activated macrophages and anticancer properties in colon cancer cells.
A predictive nomogram for lymph node metastasis in part-solid invasive lung adenocarcinoma: A complement to the IASLC novel grading system
Authors: Gao Zhaoming , Wang Xiaofei , Zuo Tao , Zhang Mengzhe , Zhang Zhenfa
Published: August 2022

Background

The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) proposed a novel grading system for invasive lung adenocarcinoma, but lymphatic invasion was not evaluated. Meanwhile, the scope of lymph node dissection in part-solid invasive lung adenocarcinoma (PSILA) is still controversial. Therefore, this study aims to explore preoperative risk factors for lymph node metastasis in PSILA, to provide reference for intraoperative dissection of lymph nodes.

Methods

From 2018 to 2020, clinical data of patients (stage cN0) consecutively diagnosed as PSILA were retrospectively analyzed and classified according to the novel grading system. Logistic regression was conducted to screen the clinicopathological factors of lymph node metastasis in PSILA.

Results

A large cohort of 960 patients with PSILA who underwent lobectomy or sub-lobectomy were enrolled. By logistic regression analyses, solid part size, bronchial cutoff sign, spiculation, and carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199) were eventually identified as independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis, based on which a nomogram was built to preoperatively predict the risk of lymph node metastasis [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)=0.858; concordance index = 0.857; best cutoff, 0.027]. This suggests that intraoperative systematic lymph node dissection is recommended when the predicted risk value exceeds 0.027. Reproducibility of the novel grading system was verified.

Conclusions

The novel IASLC grading system was applicative in real world. The nomogram for preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis may provide reference for the lymph node dissection strategy during PSILA surgeries.
Fate decisions of breast cancer stem cells in cancer progression
Authors: Xu Hui , Zhang Fengxia , Gao Xiaokang , Zhou Qiwang , Zhu Linhai
Published: August 2022

Breast cancer has a marked recurrence and metastatic trait and is one of the most prevalent malignancies affecting women’s health worldwide. Tumor initiation and progression begin after the cell goes from a quiescent to an activated state and requires different mechanisms to act in concert to regulate t a specific set of spectral genes for expression. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been proven to initiate and drive tumorigenesis due to their capability of self-renew and differentiate. In addition, CSCs are believed to be capable of causing resistance to anti-tumor drugs, recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, exploring the origin, regulatory mechanisms and ultimate fate decision of CSCs in breast cancer outcomes has far-reaching clinical implications for the development of breast cancer stem cell (BCSC)-targeted therapeutic strategies. In this review, we will highlight the contribution of BCSCs to breast cancer and explore the internal and external factors that regulate the fate of BCSCs.
Two divergent immune receptors of the allopolyploid Nicotiana benthamiana reinforce the recognition of a fungal microbe-associated molecular pattern VdEIX3
Authors: Wang Nan , Yin Zhiyuan , Zhao Yaning , Li Zhengpeng , Dou Daolong , Wei Lihui
Published: August 2022

The allotetraploid Solanaceae plant Nicotiana benthamiana contains two closely related receptor-like proteins (RLPs), NbEIX2 and NbRXEG1, which regulate the recognition of VdEIX3 and PsXEG1, respectively. VdEIX3, PsXEG1, and their homologs represent two types of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) that are widespread in diverse pathogens. Here, we report that NbRXEG1 also participates in VdEIX3 recognition. Both eix2 and rxeg1 single mutants exhibited significantly impaired but not abolished ability to mediate VdEIX3-triggered immune responses, which are nearly abolished in eix2 rxeg1 double mutants. Moreover, a dominant negative mutant of eix2 that contains a 60 bp deletion failed to respond to VdEIX3 and could suppress VdEIX3-induced cell death in the wild-type N. benthamiana. Further phylogenetic analyses showed that NbEIX2 and NbRXEG1 are obtained from different diploid ancestors by hybridization. These results demonstrate that the allotetraploid N. benthamiana recognizes two types of MAMPs by two homologous but diverged RLPs, which provides a model in which an allopolyploid plant probably exhibits defense hybrid vigor by acquiring divergent immune receptors from different ancestors.
Behavior without beliefs: Profiles of heteronormativity and well-being among heterosexual and non-heterosexual university students in Chile
Authors: Orellana Ligia , Alarcón Tatiana , Schnettler Berta
Published: August 2022

Heteronormativity comprises essentialist, binary beliefs about sex and gender, and normative behaviors derived from those beliefs. There is scarce literature on how heteronormative attitudes and well-being variables are concurrent among individuals who are heterosexual or gay, lesbian, bisexual, and of other queer sexual identities (LGBQ). The objective of this study was to distinguish profiles of university students based on essentialism and normative behavior, two dimensions of heteronormativity, and to characterize these groups by sexual orientation and gender, perceived social support, physical and mental health, and life satisfaction. A sample of 552 university students in Temuco, Chile, responded to an online questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic questions, the Scale of Heteronormative Attitudes and Beliefs, the Life Satisfaction Scale, the Health-Related Quality of Life Index, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. We used Latent profile analysis to distinguish profiles based on significant score differences in Essentialism and Normative behavior. We identified four heteronormativity profiles: High heteronormativity (34.85%), with a significant proportion of heterosexuals and men; Low heteronormativity (25.59%), comprising a significant proportion of students who were non-binary, and LGBQ; Heteronormativity focused on normative behavior (20.42%), with a significant proportion students who were men or non-binary, and who were lesbian, gay or bisexual or preferred not to disclose their sexual orientation; and Heteronormativity focused on essentialism (19.14%), with a significant proportion of heterosexuals and women, and individuals who preferred not to disclose their sexual orientation. The four profiles differed in the proportions of students by faculty and area of residence (urban/rural), and by life satisfaction, self-perceived mental health, and perceived social support. These results show that patterns of association between heteronormativity and subjective well-being are heterogeneous among heterosexual and non-heterosexual individuals. Some of these patterns may respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, which has disrupted daily life and social dynamics. These findings expand our understanding of advantageous and disadvantageous conditions associated with maintaining heteronormativity attitudes, particularly among non-heterosexual individuals.
Seroprevalence and associated risk factors for foot and mouth disease virus seropositivity in cattle in selected districts of Gamo zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Shurbe Mesfin , Simeon Bekahegn , Seyoum Wasihun , Muluneh Ayelech , Tora Ephrem , Abayneh Edget
Published: August 2022

Background

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals, which hampers livestock production and productivity in Ethiopia. This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2021 to estimate the seroprevalence of FMD in cattle and to assess farmers' knowledge about the disease in selected districts of the Gamo zone. Three districts and two kebeles (smallest administrative division) from each district were purposively sampled using a simple random sampling technique to select individual animals from each kebeles. A total of 384 sera samples were collected, and concurrently, 100 farmers were interviewed. The samples were tested for antibodies against nonstructural proteins of the FMD virus using a 3ABC enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used to analyze FMD-associated risk factors.

Result

The questionnaire survey result revealed that among the interviewed farmers, 66% of farmers had knowledge about the disease, and 28% of farmers reported having a case of FMD in at least one cattle in their farm in the previous 6 months. The overall seroprevalence of FMD in cattle was 26.8%. The multivariable logistic regression revealed that age, breed, and agroecology had a significant association with seropositivity. Higher seroprevalence (64.57%) was observed in lowland, followed by midland (9.30%) and highland (5.88%). Study animals from lowland areas were 9.26 times more likely to be seropositive (OR = 9.26, CI = 2.22–38.62) for FMD than highland animals. Also, adult animals were 9.01 times (OR = 9.01, CI = 3.18–25.53) more likely to be seropositive for the disease than young animals. The multivariable logistic regression revealed that crossbreeds have an 84.7% (OR = 0.153, CI = 0.028–0.82) lower likelihood to be seropositive to FMD than local breeds.

Conclusion

This study result confirms that FMD is highly prevalent in the study area, and farmers' knowledge regarding disease transmission and vaccine availability is minimal. Hence the regional concerned bodies should implement FMD vaccination campaigns and create awareness for smallholder farmers regarding the disease transmission, FMD vaccine schedule, and vaccination importance.
Causality Analysis for COVID-19 among Countries Using Effective Transfer Entropy
Authors: Ünal Baki
Published: August 2022

In this study, causalities of COVID-19 across a group of seventy countries are analyzed with effective transfer entropy. To reveal the causalities, a weighted directed network is constructed. In this network, the weights of the links reveal the strength of the causality which is obtained by calculating effective transfer entropies. Transfer entropy has some advantages over other causality evaluation methods. Firstly, transfer entropy can quantify the strength of the causality and secondly it can detect nonlinear causal relationships. After the construction of the causality network, it is analyzed with well-known network analysis methods such as eigenvector centrality, PageRank, and community detection. Eigenvector centrality and PageRank metrics reveal the importance and the centrality of each node country in the network. In community detection, node countries in the network are divided into groups such that countries in each group are much more densely connected.
Multiscale Methods for Signal Selection in Single-Cell Data
Authors: Hoekzema Renee S. , Marsh Lewis , Sumray Otto , Carroll Thomas M. , Lu Xin , Byrne Helen M. , Harrington Heather A.
Published: August 2022

Analysis of single-cell transcriptomics often relies on clustering cells and then performing differential gene expression (DGE) to identify genes that vary between these clusters. These discrete analyses successfully determine cell types and markers; however, continuous variation within and between cell types may not be detected. We propose three topologically motivated mathematical methods for unsupervised feature selection that consider discrete and continuous transcriptional patterns on an equal footing across multiple scales simultaneously. Eigenscores (eigi) rank signals or genes based on their correspondence to low-frequency intrinsic patterning in the data using the spectral decomposition of the Laplacian graph. The multiscale Laplacian score (MLS) is an unsupervised method for locating relevant scales in data and selecting the genes that are coherently expressed at these respective scales. The persistent Rayleigh quotient (PRQ) takes data equipped with a filtration, allowing the separation of genes with different roles in a bifurcation process (e.g., pseudo-time). We demonstrate the utility of these techniques by applying them to published single-cell transcriptomics data sets. The methods validate previously identified genes and detect additional biologically meaningful genes with coherent expression patterns. By studying the interaction between gene signals and the geometry of the underlying space, the three methods give multidimensional rankings of the genes and visualisation of relationships between them.
Learnability of the Boolean Innerproduct in Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Erdal Mehmet , Schwenker Friedhelm
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we study the learnability of the Boolean inner product by a systematic simulation study. The family of the Boolean inner product function is known to be representable by neural networks of threshold neurons of depth 3 with only 2n+1 units (n the input dimension)—whereas an exact representation by a depth 2 network cannot possibly be of polynomial size. This result can be seen as a strong argument for deep neural network architectures. In our study, we found that this depth 3 architecture of the Boolean inner product is difficult to train, much harder than the depth 2 network, at least for the small input size scenarios n≤16. Nonetheless, the accuracy of the deep architecture increased with the dimension of the input space to 94% on average, which means that multiple restarts are needed to find the compact depth 3 architecture. Replacing the fully connected first layer by a partially connected layer (a kind of convolutional layer sparsely connected with weight sharing) can significantly improve the learning performance up to 99% accuracy in simulations. Another way to improve the learnability of the compact depth 3 representation of the inner product could be achieved by adding just a few additional units into the first hidden layer.
Antitumour Effects of Selected Pyridinium Salts on Sensitive Leukaemia HL60 Cells and Their Multidrug Resistant Topoisomerase II-Defective HL60/MX2 Counterparts
Authors: Tarasiuk Jolanta , Kostrzewa-Nowak Dorota , Żwierełło Wojciech
Published: August 2022

Multidrug resistance (MDR), having a multifactorial nature, is one of the major clinical problems causing the failure of anticancer therapy. The aim of this study was to examine the antitumour effects of selected pyridinium salts, 1-methyl-3-nitropyridine chloride (MNP) and 3,3,6,6,10-pentamethyl-3,4,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,8(2H,5H)-dion]acridine chloride (MDION), on sensitive leukaemia HL60 cells and resistant topoisomerase II-defective HL60/MX2 cells. Cell growth was determined by the MTT test. Intracellular ROS level was measured with the aid of 2′,7′-DCF-DA. The cell cycle distribution was investigated by performing PI staining. DSB formation was examined using the γ-H2AX histone phosphorylation assay. The activity of caspase-3 and caspase-8 was measured with the use of the FLICA test. The assays for examining the lysosome membrane permeabilization were carried out with the aid of LysoTracker Green DND-26. Both studied compounds exerted very similar cytotoxic activities towards sensitive HL60 cells and their MDR counterparts. They modulated the cellular ROS level in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner and significantly increased the percentage of sensitive HL60 and resistant HL60/MX2 cells with sub-diploid DNA (sub-G1 fraction). However, the induction of DSB formation was not a significant mechanism of action of these pyridinium salts in studied cells. Both examined compounds triggered caspase-3/caspase-8-dependent apoptosis of sensitive HL60 cells and their MDR counterparts. Additionally, the findings of the study indicate that lysosomes may also participate in the programmed death of HL60 as well as HL60/MX2 cells induced by MDION. The data obtained in this work showed that both examined pyridinium salts, MNP and MDION, are able to retain high antileukaemic effects against multidrug resistant topoisomerase II-defective HL60/MX2 cells.
Grey Wolf Optimizer for Variable Selection in Quantification of Quaternary Edible Blend Oil by Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Rongling , Wu Xinyan , Chen Yujie , Xiang Yang , Liu Dan , Bian Xihui
Published: August 2022

A novel swarm intelligence algorithm, discretized grey wolf optimizer (GWO), was introduced as a variable selection tool in edible blend oil analysis for the first time. In the approach, positions of wolves were updated and then discretized by logical function. The performance of a wolf pack, the iteration number and the number of wolves were investigated. The partial least squares (PLS) method was used to establish and predict single oil contents in samples. To validate the method, 102 edible blend oil samples containing soybean oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil and sesame oil were measured by an ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer. The results demonstrated that GWO-PLS models can provide best prediction accuracy with least variables compared with full-spectrum PLS, Monte Carlo uninformative variable elimination-PLS (MCUVE-PLS) and randomization test-PLS (RT-PLS). The determination coefficients (R2) of GWO-PLS were all above 0.95. Therefore, the research indicates the feasibility of using discretized GWO for variable selection in rapid determination of quaternary edible blend oil.
Valorization of the Photo-Protective Potential of the Phytochemically Standardized Olive (Olea europaea L.) Leaf Extract in UVA-Irradiated Human Skin Fibroblasts
Authors: Machała Paulina , Liudvytska Oleksandra , Kicel Agnieszka , Dziedzic Angela , Olszewska Monika A. , Żbikowska Halina Małgorzata
Published: August 2022

Leaves of Olea europaea are a by-product of the olive oil industry and a dietary supplement with acknowledged antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity but underestimated photoprotective potential. We investigated the protective effects of the LC-PDA-MS/MS standardized ethanol-water extract of olive leaves (OLE), containing 26.2% total phenols and 22.2% oleuropein, with underlying mechanisms against the UVA-induced oxidative damage in human dermal fibroblasts. Hs68 cells were pre-treated (24 h) with OLE (2.5–25 μg/mL) or the reference antioxidants, quercetin and ascorbic acid (25 μg/mL), followed by irradiation (8 J/cm2). OLE significantly reduced the UVA-induced DNA damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and increased the thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) expression and post-radiation viability of fibroblasts by inhibiting their apoptosis. Both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathways appeared to be inhibited by OLE, but the activity of caspase 9 was the most reduced. We hypothesized that the TrxR up-regulation by OLE could have prevented the UVA-induced apoptosis of Hs68 cells. In addition, a significant decrease in UVA-induced secretion levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) was shown in human lymphocyte culture in response to OLE treatment. In summary, our results support the beneficial effect of OLE in an in vitro model and indicate its great potential for use in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry as a topical photoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory agent.
Multivariate Imaging for Fast Evaluation of In Situ Dark Field Microscopy Hyperspectral Data
Authors: Diehn Sabrina , Schlaad Helmut , Kneipp Janina
Published: August 2022

Dark field scattering microscopy can create large hyperspectral data sets that contain a wealth of information on the properties and the molecular environment of noble metal nanoparticles. For a quick screening of samples of microscopic dimensions that contain many different types of plasmonic nanostructures, we propose a multivariate analysis of data sets of thousands to several hundreds of thousands of scattering spectra. By using non-negative matrix factorization for decomposing the spectra, components are identified that represent individual plasmon resonances and relative contributions of these resonances to particular microscopic focal volumes in the mapping data sets. Using data from silver and gold nanoparticles in the presence of different molecules, including gold nanoparticle-protein agglomerates or silver nanoparticles forming aggregates in the presence of acrylamide, plasmonic properties are observed that differ from those of the original nanoparticles. For the case of acrylamide, we show that the plasmon resonances of the silver nanoparticles are ideally suited to support surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and the two-photon excited process of surface enhanced hyper Raman scattering (SEHRS). Both vibrational tools give complementary information on the in situ formed polyacrylamide and the molecular composition at the nanoparticle surface.