bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recurrent fifth metatarsal stress fractures in a professional soccer player with hypoparathyroidism: a case report
Authors: Kawashima Itaru , Yamaga Atsushi , Kawai Ryosuke , Hoshino Yushi , Ishizuka Shinya
Published: June 2020

Background

Hypoparathyroidism is characterized by low or inappropriately normal levels of parathyroid hormone leading to hypocalcemia. In this report, a case of recurrent fifth metatarsal stress fractures in a professional soccer player with hypoparathyroidism is presented.

Case presentation

A 23-year-old male professional soccer player developed left foot pain. He had no specific medical or family history. He was diagnosed with a fifth metatarsal stress fracture and underwent osteosynthesis with a cannulated cancellous screw 3 days after the injury. After three and a half months, the X-ray showed bone union, and he returned to full sports activity. However, he felt pain in his left foot again, and a re-fracture was found on X-ray a week later. Osteosynthesis was performed again. Two months after re-operation, the cause of re-fracture was investigated. Laboratory results showed abnormally low levels of serum calcium (8.4 mg/dL) and intact parathyroid hormone (i-PTH: 19.0 pg/mL). However, other laboratory examinations were normal. Therefore, he was diagnosed with primary hypoparathyroidism according to the diagnostic criteria. Medical treatment was started with alfacalcidol 1.0 μg/day. One month after starting medication, the serum calcium improved to 9.4 mg/dL. Four months after the re-operation, the X-ray showed bone union, and he was therefore allowed to play soccer. While he played professional soccer, there were no new subjective complaints.

Conclusions

Hypoparathyroidism may be one of the risk factors for stress fractures. We believe that serum calcium levels should be checked in patients with stress fractures, and if the serum calcium is low, hypoparathyroidism should be considered.
Laparoscopic roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy for teenagers with severe obesity - TEEN-BEST: study protocol of a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bonouvrie Daniëlle S. , Beamish Andrew J. , Leclercq Wouter K. G. , van Mil Edgar G. A. H. , Luijten Arijan A. P. M. , Hazebroek Eric J. , Vreugdenhil Anita C. E. , Olbers Torsten , van Dielen François M. H.
Published: June 2020

Background

Recent data support the use of bariatric surgery in adolescents with severe obesity following unsuccessful non-surgical treatments. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) have demonstrated reasonably similar weight loss and reduction of obesity related comorbidities in randomized trials in adults. SG has internationally become the most commonly used procedure in adolescents, yet long-term outcome data are lacking. No randomized controlled trial comparing SG and RYGB has been performed in adolescents.

Objective

Determine whether SG is non-inferior to RYGB in terms of total body weight (TBW) loss in adolescents with severe obesity.

Methods

A multicenter randomized controlled non-inferiority trial. Two hundred sixty-four adolescents aged 13–17 (Tanner stage ≥IV) with severe obesity (corrected for age and sex) will be included. Adolescents agreeing to participate will be randomized to either RYGB or SG. The primary outcome is the proportion of participants achieving 20% TBW loss at 3 years postoperatively. Secondary outcomes include (i) change in body weight, body mass index (BMI) and BMI standard deviation score, (ii) incidence of adverse health events and need for additional surgical intervention, (iii) resolution of obesity-related comorbidities, (iv) prevalence of cardio metabolic risk factor measures, (v) bone health measures and incidence of bone fractures, (vi) quality of life including psychosocial health, patient satisfaction and educational attainment and (vii) body composition. Follow-up will extend into the long term.

Results

Not applicable.

Discussion

This study will, to our knowledge, be the first randomized controlled trial comparing SG and RYGB in adolescents with severe obesity.

Trial registration

The trial is registered at the Netherlands Trial Register on July 26th, 2018 – NTR7191 -https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/7191(protocol version 5.0 – February 3th 2020).
Quality of life among patients with multiple sclerosis and voiding dysfunction: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nazari Fatemeh , Shaygannejad Vahid , Mohammadi Sichani Mehrdad , Mansourian Marjan , Hajhashemi Valiollah
Published: June 2020

Background

Evaluating the usefulness of treatment requires a direct measurement of the health-related quality of life (QOL). Therefore, this study was carried out aiming to determine the QOL of patients with MS and voiding dysfunction.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was carried out using multi-stage random cluster sampling method on 602 patients with MS in Isfahan, Iran. All data were collected through interviews using standard questionnaires including International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 (MSQOL-54). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests.

Results

The prevalence rate of mixed, irritative, and obstructive urinary symptoms was 52.2, 25.5, and 6.5%, respectively. The mixed symptom had the highest prevalence among men and women with rates of 56.5 and 51.1%, respectively. The prevalence of irritative and obstructive symptoms was, respectively, higher and statistically significant among women alone and men alone (P <  0.05). The prevalence of irritative symptoms was higher among patients with MS, EDSS score ≤ 3, disease duration of less than 5 years, and with clinically isolated syndrome. In addition, the prevalence of mixed symptoms was higher among patients with MS of over 30 years of age with a Pre-high school degree, severe disability, disease duration of over 10 years, and progressive MS; the difference was statistically significant (P <  0.05). There was a difference in the combined dimensions of physical and mental health of QOL between the two groups with and without urinary symptoms (P <  0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that there was a higher probability of a urinary problems among patients with MS and high age [3.273 (1.083–9.860);P = 0.035].

Conclusions

Mixed urinary symptoms are highly prevalent among MS patients and affect QOL dimensions. In order to improve QOL, more attention and focus should be paid to urinary problems in MS patients.
Atypical focal xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis without clinical symptoms presenting as infiltrative renal cancer: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ding Xiaobo , Wang Gang , Wang Tiejun , Ma Xiaobo , Wang Yanbo
Published: June 2020

Background

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is an uncommon form of chronic pyelonephritis. Most patients of XGP are diffuse in radiology and the clinical features are typical.

Case presentation

We present a case of 24-year-old female with the absence of symptoms and normal laboratory examinations. Contrast computed tomography and intravenous pyelography demonstrate infiltrative renal mass and renal cell carcinoma is presumed. Laparoscopic right radical nephrectomy is performed, but the final pathological result shows XGP.

Conclusions

As far as we know, this is the first case report of XGP without any symptoms/signs and with normal laboratory examinations. The diagnosis of atypical XGP is challenging and preoperative renal mass biopsy should be considered in special cases.
Unmet needs in sexual health in bladder cancer patients: a systematic review of the evidence
Authors: Bessa Agustina , Martin Rebecca , Häggström Christel , Enting Deborah , Amery Suzanne , Khan Muhammad Shamim , Cahill Fidelma , Wylie Harriet , Broadhead Samantha , Chatterton Kathryn , Malde Sachin , Nair Rajesh , Thurairaja Ramesh , Kumar Pardeep , Haire Anna , Green Saran , Northover Margaret , Briggs Karen , Van Hemelrijck Mieke
Published: June 2020

Background

Bladder cancer (BC) treatment can have a detrimental effect on the sexual organs of patients and yet assessment of sexual health needs has been greatly overlooked for these patients compared to those who have undergone other cancer therapies.

Methods

This review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in July 2019. Studies were identified by conducting searches for Medline (using the PubMed interface), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Ovid Gateway (Embase and Ovid) using a list of defined search terms.

Results

15 out of 37 studies included men only, 10 studies women only and 11 both sexes. Most participants were aged 50 to 65 years. Most studies (n = 34) focused on muscle invasive BC and only three on non-muscle invasive BC. Measurements of sexual dysfunction, including erection, ejaculation, firmness and desire, were the most commonly used measurements to report sexual health in men. In women, lubrification/dryness, desire, orgasm and dyspareunia were the most commonly reported. Twenty-one studies evaluated sexual dysfunction based on validated questionnaires, two with a non-validated questionnaire and through interviewing participants.

Conclusion

While recognition of the importance of the inclusion of psychometric measurements to assess sexual health is growing, there is a lack of consistent measures to assess sexual health in BC. With the focus on QoL arising in cancer survivorship, further studies are needed to develop, standardize and implement use of sexual health questionnaires with appropriate psychometrics and social measures to evaluate QoL in BC patients.

Trial registration

“PROSPERO does not currently accept registrations for scoping reviews, literature reviews or mapping reviews. PROSPERO is therefore unable to accept your application or provide a registration number. This decision should not stop you from submitting your project for publication to a journal.”
Breast cancer stigma among Indonesian women: a case study of breast cancer patients
Authors: Solikhah Solikhah , Matahari Ratu , Utami Fitriana Putri , Handayani Lina , Marwati Tri Ani
Published: June 2020

Background

The stigma experienced by cancer patients stems from the association of cancer with death, as cancer is the most feared disease worldwide, especially among cancer patients and their families. The stigma regarding breast cancer screening behaviour has not been critically evaluated and is poorly understood; therefore, we aimed to analyse the stigmatization of breast cancer patients in Indonesia to reduce the morbidity and mortality of breast cancer.

Methods

A qualitative study using a focus group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviews with thematic analysis was conducted.

Results

One informant experienced breast pain and kept the referral letter, in which the medical doctor advised medical treatment, to herself for 3 months due to her embarrassment. A traditional healing practice known as ‘kerokan’, which involves scraping of the skin, and consumption of a traditional drink were used by most informants to decrease their breast pain. Finally, most informants were diagnosed with an advanced stage of cancer when they returned to the health care facility. In addition, financial difficulties were noted as barriers to breast cancer screening in Indonesia.

Conclusions

Feelings of fear and shame when diagnosed with breast cancer were reported by the informants in this study. Alternative treatment known as ‘kerokan’ was the first treatment sought for breast cancer symptoms due to financial difficulties among breast cancer patients. Informants were diagnosed with an advanced stage of cancer after they returned to the health care facility. A better understanding of early breast cancer symptoms could motivate women to seek out breast cancer treatment.
Perceptions of plagiarism by biomedical researchers: an online survey in Europe and China
Authors: Yi Nannan , Nemery Benoit , Dierickx Kris
Published: June 2020

Background

Plagiarism is considered as serious research misconduct, together with data fabrication and falsification. However, little is known about biomedical researchers’ views on plagiarism. Moreover, it has been argued – based on limited empirical evidence – that perceptions of plagiarism depend on cultural and other determinants. The authors explored, by means of an online survey among 46 reputable universities in Europe and China, how plagiarism is perceived by biomedical researchers in both regions.

Methods

We collected work e-mail addresses of biomedical researchers identified through the websites of 13 reputable universities in Europe and 33 reputable universities in China and invited them to participate in an online anonymous survey. Our questionnaire was designed to assess respondents’ views about plagiarism by asking whether they considered specific practices as plagiarism. We analyzed if respondents in China and Europe responded differently, using logistic regression analysis with adjustments for demographic and other relevant factors.

Results

The authors obtained valid responses from 204 researchers based in China (response rate 2.1%) and 826 researchers based in Europe (response rate 5.6%). Copying text from someone else’s publication without crediting the source, using idea(s) from someone else’s publication without crediting the source and republishing one’s own work in another language without crediting the source were considered as plagiarism by 98, 67 and 64%, respectively. About one-third of the respondents reported to have been unsure whether they had been plagiarizing.

Overall, the pattern of responses was similar among respondents based in Europe and China. Nevertheless, for some items significant differences did occur in disadvantage of Chinese respondents.

Conclusions

Findings indicate that nearly all biomedical researchers understand (and disapprove of) the most obvious forms of plagiarism, but uncertainties and doubts were apparent for many aspects. And the minority of researchers who did not recognize some types of plagiarism as plagiarism was larger among China-based respondents than among Europe-based respondents. The authors conclude that biomedical researchers need clearer working definitions of plagiarism in order to deal with grey zones.
Exploring the evolution of a dental code of ethics: a critical discourse analysis
Authors: Holden Alexander C. L.
Published: June 2020

Background

What can the analysis of the evolution of a code of ethics tell us about the dental profession and the association that develops it? The establishment of codes of ethics are foundational events in the social history of a profession. Within these documents it is possible to find statements of values and culture that serve a variety of purposes. Codes of ethics in dentistry have not frequently presented as the subjects of analyses despite containing rich information about the priorities and anxieties within the profession’s membership at the time that the code was written.

Main text

This essay uses critical discourse analysis to explore the 2012 and 2018 versions of the Code of Ethics produced by the New South Wales Branch of the Australian Dental Association. This method of discourse analysis examines contradictions between the discourses within the codes and how these relate to broader social realties that surround the dental profession in New South Wales. By analysing the 2012 and 2018 codes together, it is possible to understand how the dental profession views its commitments to society as established through the social contract. Through this assessment, it will be demonstrated that both codes suffer due to their failure to consider the public as a key stakeholder in the creation and curation of the Code of Ethics and how this this relates intimately with the social contract between the profession and the public.

Conclusion

Without the public being the central consideration, both codes amount to declarations of professional privilege and dominance. Although the more recent 2018 Code of Ethics demonstrates insight into the changes in public trust placed in the professions, this analysis shows that that the current code of ethics is still reluctant to recognise and engage with the public as an equal stakeholder in the planning and provision of oral health care and the development of the profession’s values and cultural trajectory.
Estimating the costs of genomic sequencing in cancer control
Authors: Gordon Louisa G. , White Nicole M. , Elliott Thomas M. , Nones Katia , Beckhouse Anthony G. , Rodriguez-Acevedo Astrid J. , Webb Penelope M. , Lee Xing J. , Graves Nicholas , Schofield Deborah J.
Published: June 2020

Background

Despite the rapid uptake of genomic technologies within cancer care, few studies provide detailed information on the costs of sequencing across different applications. The objective of the study was to examine and categorise the complete costs involved in genomic sequencing for a range of applications within cancer settings.

Methods

We performed a cost-analysis using gross and micro-costing approaches for genomic sequencing performed during 2017/2018 across different settings in Brisbane, Australia. Sequencing was undertaken for patients with lung, breast, oesophageal cancers, melanoma or mesothelioma. Aggregated resource data were captured for a total of 1433 patients and point estimates of per patient costs were generated. Deterministic sensitivity analyses addressed the uncertainty in the estimates. Estimated costs to the public health system for resources were categorised into seven distinct activities in the sequencing process: sampling, extraction, library preparation, sequencing, analysis, data storage and clinical reporting. Costs were also aggregated according to labour, consumables, testing, equipment and ‘other’ categories.

Results

The per person costs were AU$347–429 (2018 US$240–297) for targeted panels, AU$871–$2788 (2018 US$604–1932) for exome sequencing, and AU$2895–4830 (2018 US$2006-3347) for whole genome sequencing. Cost proportions were highest for library preparation/sequencing materials (average 76.8% of total costs), sample extraction (8.1%), data analysis (9.2%) and data storage (2.6%). Capital costs for the sequencers were an additional AU$34–197 (2018 US$24–67) per person.

Conclusions

Total costs were most sensitive to consumables and sequencing activities driven by commercial prices. Per person sequencing costs for cancer are high when tumour/blood pairs require testing. Using the natural steps involved in sequencing and categorising resources accordingly, future evaluations of costs or cost-effectiveness of clinical genomics across cancer projects could be more standardised and facilitate easier comparison of cost drivers.
Biovalorisation of crude glycerol and xylose into xylitol by oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Prabhu Ashish A. , Thomas Dominic J. , Ledesma-Amaro Rodrigo , Leeke Gary A. , Medina Angel , Verheecke-Vaessen Carol , Coulon Frederic , Agrawal Deepti , Kumar Vinod
Published: June 2020

Background

Xylitol is a commercially important chemical with multiple applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. According to the US Department of Energy, xylitol is one of the top twelve platform chemicals that can be produced from biomass. The chemical method for xylitol synthesis is however, expensive and energy intensive. In contrast, the biological route using microbial cell factories offers a potential cost-effective alternative process. The bioprocess occurs under ambient conditions and makes use of biocatalysts and biomass which can be sourced from renewable carbon originating from a variety of cheap waste feedstocks.

Result

In this study, biotransformation of xylose to xylitol was investigated usingYarrowia lipolytica,an oleaginous yeast which was firstly grown on a glycerol/glucose for screening of co-substrate, followed by media optimisation in shake flask, scale up in bioreactor and downstream processing of xylitol. A two-step medium optimization was employed using central composite design and artificial neural network coupled with genetic algorithm. The yeast amassed a concentration of 53.2 g/L xylitol using pure glycerol (PG) and xylose with a bioconversion yield of 0.97 g/g. Similar results were obtained when PG was substituted with crude glycerol (CG) from the biodiesel industry (titer: 50.5 g/L; yield: 0.92 g/g). Even when xylose from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate was used as opposed to pure xylose, a xylitol yield of 0.54 g/g was achieved. Xylitol was successfully crystallized from PG/xylose and CG/xylose fermentation broths with a recovery of 39.5 and 35.3%, respectively.

Conclusion

To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study demonstrates for the first time the potential of usingY. lipolyticaas a microbial cell factory for xylitol synthesis from inexpensive feedstocks. The results obtained are competitive with other xylitol producing organisms.
GSK-J4 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via ER stress and the synergism between GSK-J4 and decitabine in acute myeloid leukemia KG-1a cells
Authors: Chu Xuan , Zhong Liang , Yu Lihua , Xiong Ling , Li Jian , Dan Wenran , Ye Jiao , Liu Chen , Luo Xu , Liu Beizhong
Published: June 2020

Background

GSK-J4 is the inhibitor of H3K27me3 demethylase. Recent studies demonstrated that GSK-J4 could affect the proliferation and apoptosis of a variety of cancer cells. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of GSK-J4 on the proliferation and apoptosis of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) KG-1a cells have not been explored thoroughly.

Methods

The effect of GSK-J4 on cell proliferation was assessed with CCK8, while cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were analyzed using flow cytometry. The proteins related to cell cycle, cell apoptosis, endoplastic reticulum (ER) stress and PKC-α/p-Bcl2 pathway were detected by Western blotting. The expression level of PKC-α mRNA was measured by quantitative real-time PCR.ER stress inhibitor 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA) was used to explore the role of ER stress in GSK-J4 induced cell-cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. The combination effects of Decitabine and GSK-J4 on KG-1a cells proliferation and apoptosis were also evaluated by CCK8, flow cytometry and immunoblot analysis.

Results

GSK-J4 reduced cell viability and arrested cell cycle progression at the S phase by decreasing the expression of CyclinD1 and CyclinA2 and increasing that of P21. Moreover, GSK-J4 enhanced the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (cle-caspase-9 and bax) and inhibited PKC-a/p-Bcl2 pathway to promote cell apoptosis. In addition, ER stress-related proteins (caspase-12, GRP78 and ATF4) were increased markedly after exposure to GSK-J4. The effects of GSK-J4 on cell cycle, apoptosis and PKC-a/p-Bcl2 pathway were attenuated after treatment with ER stress inhibitor. Furthermore, decitabine could significantly inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of KG-1a cells after combined treatment with GSK-J4.

Conclusion

Taken together, this study provided evidence that ER stress could regulate the process of GSK-J4-induced cell cycle arrest, cell apoptosis and PKC-α/p-bcl2 pathway inhibition and demonstrated a potential combinatory effect of decitabine and GSK-J4 on leukemic cell proliferation and apoptosis.
The role of CDC25C in cell cycle regulation and clinical cancer therapy: a systematic review
Authors: Liu Kai , Zheng Minying , Lu Rui , Du Jiaxing , Zhao Qi , Li Zugui , Li Yuwei , Zhang Shiwu
Published: June 2020

One of the most prominent features of tumor cells is uncontrolled cell proliferation caused by an abnormal cell cycle, and the abnormal expression of cell cycle-related proteins gives tumor cells their invasive, metastatic, drug-resistance, and anti-apoptotic abilities. Recently, an increasing number of cell cycle-associated proteins have become the candidate biomarkers for early diagnosis of malignant tumors and potential targets for cancer therapies. As an important cell cycle regulatory protein, Cell Division Cycle 25C (CDC25C) participates in regulating G2/M progression and in mediating DNA damage repair. CDC25C is a cyclin of the specific phosphatase family that activates the cyclin B1/CDK1 complex in cells for entering mitosis and regulates G2/M progression and plays an important role in checkpoint protein regulation in case of DNA damage, which can ensure accurate DNA information transmission to the daughter cells. The regulation of CDC25C in the cell cycle is affected by multiple signaling pathways, such as cyclin B1/CDK1, PLK1/Aurora A, ATR/CHK1, ATM/CHK2, CHK2/ERK, Wee1/Myt1, p53/Pin1, and ASK1/JNK-/38. Recently, it has evident that changes in the expression of CDC25C are closely related to tumorigenesis and tumor development and can be used as a potential target for cancer treatment. This review summarizes the role of CDC25C phosphatase in regulating cell cycle. Based on the role of CDC25 family proteins in the development of tumors, it will become a hot target for a new generation of cancer treatments.
Perfluoroalkyl substances exposure in early pregnancy and preterm birth in singleton pregnancies: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Huo Xiaona , Zhang Lin , Huang Rong , Feng Liping , Wang Weiye , Zhang Jun ,   for the Shanghai Birth Cohort
Published: June 2020

Background

Preterm birth (PTB, < 37 completed weeks’ gestation) is one of the global public health concerns. Epidemiologic evidence on the potential impact of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on PTB is still limited and inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the associations between prenatal PFAS exposure and PTB among singleton live births.

Methods

We studied 2849 mother-infant pairs in the Shanghai Birth Cohort (SBC) from 2013 to 2016. Ten PFAS in maternal plasma in early pregnancy (gestational age, median (interquartile range): 15 (13–16) weeks) were measured. Primary outcomes were duration of gestation, PTB, spontaneous PTB and clinically indicated PTB. A linear regression model was used to assess the associations between ln-transformed PFAS and duration of gestation (in weeks). Logistic regression models were applied to estimate the relative risks of these outcomes.

Results

The incidence of overall PTB was 4.8% (95% confidence limit: 4.0–5.6%, n = 136) in this study population. In the linear regression analyses, PFAS were not associated with the duration of gestation after controlling for potential confounders. In the multiple logistic models, no significant associations were observed between PFAS and overall PTB, spontaneous or indicated PTB.

Conclusion

In this prospective cohort study, we did not observe significant associations between maternal plasma PFAS concentrations in early pregnancy and gestational length, overall PTB, spontaneous or indicated PTB.
Association of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) levels with biomarkers of placental development and disease during mid-gestation
Authors: Varshavsky Julia R. , Robinson Joshua F. , Zhou Yan , Puckett Kenisha A. , Kwan Elaine , Buarpung Sirirak , Aburajab Rayyan , Gaw Stephanie L. , Sen Saunak , Smith Sabrina Crispo , Frankenfield Julie , Park June-Soo , Fisher Susan J. , Woodruff Tracey J.
Published: June 2020

Background

Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposures have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. A hypothesized mechanism is via alterations in placental development and function. However, we lack biomarkers that can be used as early indicators of maternal/fetal response to PBDE exposures and/or perturbations in placental development or function.

Methods

To evaluate the relationship between PBDE levels and placental biomarkers during mid-gestation of human pregnancy (n = 62), we immunolocalized three molecules that play key roles in cytotrophoblast (CTB) differentiation and interstitial/endovascular uterine invasion—integrin alpha-1 (ITGA1), vascular endothelial-cadherin (CDH5), and metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1)–and assessed three morphological parameters as potential indicators of pathological alterations using H&E-stained tissues–leukocyte infiltration, fibrinoid deposition, and CTB endovascular invasion. We evaluated associations between placental PBDE levels and of biomarkers of placental development and disease using censored Kendall’s tau correlation and linear regression methods.

Results

PBDEs were detected in all placental samples. We observed substantial variation in antigen expression and morphological endpoints across placental regions. We observed an association between PBDE concentrations and immunoreactivity of endovascular CTB staining with anti-ITGA1 (inverse) or interstitial CTBs staining with anti-CDH5 (positive).

Conclusions

We found several molecular markers that may be sensitive placental indicators of PBDE exposure. Further, this indicates that placental biomarkers of development and disease could be useful barometers of exposure to PBDEs, a paradigm that could be extended to other environmental chemicals and placental stage-specific antigens.
Circular RNA circSATB2 promotes progression of non-small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Nan , Nan Aruo , Chen Lijian , Li Xin , Jia Yangyang , Qiu Miaoyun , Dai Xin , Zhou Hanyu , Zhu Jialu , Zhang Han , Jiang Yiguo
Published: June 2020

Background

Lung cancer has high morbidity and mortality worldwide with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for 85% of the cases. Therapies for lung cancer have relatively poor outcomes and further improvements are required. Circular RNAs have been reported to participate in the occurrence and progression of cancer. Information on the functions and mechanism of circRNAs in lung cancer is limited and needs more exploration.

Methods

We detected expression of genes and proteins by qPCR and western blot. Function of circSATB2 was investigated using RNA interference and overexpression assays. Location of circSATB2 was assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Interaction of circSATB2, miR-326 and FSCN1 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay.

Results

Data from the investigation showed that circSATB2 was highly expressed in NSCLC cells and tissues. circSATB2 positively regulated fascin homolog 1, actin-bundling protein 1 (FSCN1) expression via miR-326 in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, circSATB2 can be transferred by exosomes and promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells, as well as induce abnormal proliferation in normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Also, circSATB2 was highly expressed in serumal exosomes from lung cancer patients with high sensitivity and specificity for clinical detection and was related to lung cancer metastasis.

Conclusions

circSATB2 participated in the progression of NSCLC and was differentially expressed in lung cancer tissue and serumal exosomes. circSATB2 may be potential biomarker for the diagnosis of NSCLC.
Variability in blood lipids affects the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhao Liding , Xu Tian , Li Ya , Luan Yi , Lv Qingbo , Fu Guosheng , Zhang Wenbin
Published: June 2020

Background

Atherosclerosis is associated with chronic inflammation and lipid metabolism. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as an indicator of inflammation has been confirmed to be associated with cardiovascular disease prognosis. However, few studies have explored the effects of blood lipid variability on NLR. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between variability in blood lipid levels and NLR.

Methods

The association between variability in blood lipids and NLR was assessed with both univariate and multivariate linear regression. Multivariate linear regression was also performed for a subgroup analysis.

Results

The variability of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (regression coefficients [β] 4.008, standard error (SE) 0.503, P-value< 0.001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ([β] 0.626, SE 0.164, P-value< 0.001) were risk factors for the NLR value, although baseline LDL-C and HDL-C were not risk factors for NLR values. Variability of HDL-C ([β] 4.328, SE 0.578, P-value< 0.001) and LDL-C ([β] 0.660, SE 0.183, P-value< 0.001) were risk factors for NLR variability. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the relationship between variability of LDL-C and NLR was consistent with the trend of the total sample for those with diabetes mellitus, controlled blood lipid, statins, atorvastatin. The relationship between the variability of HDL-C and NLR was consistent with the trend of the total sample in all subgroups.

Conclusion

The variability of HDL-C and LDL-C are risk factors for the value and variability of NLR, while the relationship between variability of HDL-C and NLR is more stable than the variability of LDL-C in the subgroup analysis, which provides a new perspective for controlling inflammation in patients undergoing PCI.
Exploring subjective constructions of health in China: a Q-methodological investigation
Authors: Mao Zhuxin , Ahmed Shenaz , Graham Christopher , Kind Paul
Published: June 2020

Background

With an increasing awareness of people’s satisfaction and feeling, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has become an essential aspect of measuring health. HRQoL is fundamentally a foreign concept introduced to China from the West. While a growing number of studies applied western HRQoL measures, few content validity tests examined the legitimacy of applying Western developed HRQoL measures in a Chinese cultural setting. If there are distinct differences in health conceptualisation between China and the West, it can be argued that those western measures may fail to ask the most appropriate and important questions among a Chinese population in assessing health. As a limited number of studies have investigated Chinese people’s understandings of health, this study aimed to explore how health is defined and described in China.

Methods

A Q-methodological study was conducted to explore subjective constructions of health among Chinese participants. A scoping review of Chinese generic HRQoL measures, supplemented by a series of qualitative interviews conducted in China, produced a list of 42 statements representing aspects of health considered as being important in a Chinese cultural setting. Chinese participants in face-to-face interviews ranked and sorted these statements. Data were analysed to identify clusters of participants who shared a similar perspective, using a by-person factor analysis procedure.

Results

110 Chinese participants with various demographics characteristics completed sorting interviews. Five independent factors emerged: (I) “Physical independence and social interaction skills”; (II) “Physical health”; (III) “Sensations and feelings”; (IV) “Lifestyles”; (V) “Learning and working abilities”.

Conclusions

The Q-study showed that many health statements were rated highly as most important by a diverse range of Chinese participants but were not covered in the commonly used Western HRQoL measure EQ-5D. It then suggests that the EQ-5D descriptive system might need modification to improve its capacity to measure health status in China. The study thus raises a general question as to how appropriate the Western-developed HRQoL measures are when used to assess health in a significantly different cultural setting.
Colorectal cancer surgery in selected nonagenarians is relatively safe and it is associated with a good long-term survival: an observational study
Authors: Roque-Castellano Cristina , Fariña-Castro Roberto , Nogués-Ramia Eva María , Artiles-Armas Manuel , Marchena-Gómez Joaquín
Published: June 2020

Background

Advanced age is a risk factor for colorectal cancer, and very elderly patients often need to be surgically treated. This study aimed to analyze the outcomes of a cohort of nonagenarian patients operated on for colorectal cancer.

Methods

Observational study conducted on a cohort of 40 nonagenarian patients, who were treated surgically for colorectal cancer between 2000 and 2018 in our institution. Clinical data, ASA score, Charlson Comorbidity Index, Surgical Mortality Probability Model, tumor characteristics, and nature and technical features of the surgical procedure, were recorded. The Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI) and survival time after the procedure were recorded as outcome variables. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed in order to define risk factors for postoperative complications and long-term survival.

Results

Out of the 40 patients, 13 (32.5%) were men, 27 (67.5%) women, and mean age 91.6 years (SD ± 1.5). In 24 patients (60%), surgery was elective, and in 16 patients (40%), surgery was emergent. Curative surgery with intestinal resection was performed in 34 patients (85%). In 22 patients (55%), intestinal continuity was restored by performing an anastomosis. The median CCI was 22.6 (IRQ 0.0–42.6). Operative mortality was 10% (4 patients). Cumulative survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 70%, 47%, and 29%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, only the need for transfusion remained as an independent prognostic factor for complications (p = 0.021) and TNM tumor stage as a significant predictor of survival (HR 3.0, CI95% 1.3–7.2).

Conclusions

Colorectal cancer surgery is relatively safe in selected nonagenarian patients and may achieve long-term survival.
Amplifying the role of knowledge translation platforms in the COVID-19 pandemic response
Authors: El-Jardali Fadi , Bou-Karroum Lama , Fadlallah Racha
Published: June 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic presents the worst public health crisis in recent history. The response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been challenged by many factors, including scientific uncertainties, scarcity of relevant research, proliferation of misinformation and fake news, poor access to actionable evidence, time constraints, and weak collaborations among relevant stakeholders. Knowledge translation (KT) platforms, composed of organisations, initiatives and networks supporting evidence-informed policy-making, can play an important role in providing relevant and timely evidence to inform pandemic responses and bridge the gap between science, policy, practice and politics. In this Commentary, we highlight the emerging roles of KT platforms in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. We also reflect on the lessons learned from the efforts of a KT platform in a middle-income country to inform decision-making and practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. The lessons learned can be integrated into strengthening the role, structures and mandates of KT platforms as hubs for trustworthy evidence that can inform policies and practice during public health crises and in promoting their integration and institutionalisation within the policy-making processes.
SARS-CoV-2 SPIKE PROTEIN: an optimal immunological target for vaccines
Authors: Salvatori Giovanni , Luberto Laura , Maffei Mariano , Aurisicchio Luigi , Roscilli Giuseppe , Palombo Fabio , Marra Emanuele
Published: June 2020

COVID-19 has rapidly spread all over the world, progressing into a pandemic. This situation has urgently impelled many companies and public research institutes to concentrate their efforts on research for effective therapeutics. Here, we outline the strategies and targets currently adopted in developing a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Based on previous evidence and experience with SARS and MERS, the primary focus has been the Spike protein, considered as the ideal target for COVID-19 immunotherapies.
Fibula allograft propping as an effective treatment for early-stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a systematic review
Authors: Yue Ju’an , Gao He , Guo Xiaozhong , Wang Randong , Li Bing , Sun Qiang , Liu Wangyan , Chen Jiao , Li Yingnan
Published: June 2020

Background

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) causes severe hip dysfunction. Left untreated, 80% of patients experience femoral head collapse, and 65–70% of patients require total hip arthroplasty (THA). Therefore, effective treatment is very important for ONFH.

Objective

To examine the effectiveness of fibula allografting for the treatment of early-stage ONFH

Methods

A systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases using “avascular necrosis” or “ischemic necrosis” or “osteonecrosis” and “femoral head” and “fibula*,” and checking the references of primary articles and reviews. Two independent authors completed the study selection separately. We extracted the following details from each article: characteristics of the patients, clinical efficacy evaluation (Harris hip score [HSS], radiographic outcomes, the rate of conversation to total hip arthroplasty [THA], and adverse effects).

Results

A total of 213 articles were selected from PubMed (n = 45), EMBASE (n = 77), Web of Science (n = 203), and other sources (n = 10). After checking the articles, five articles were included in the final analysis. The average age of patients involved in this review was 34.48 years. The studies investigated fibula allografts to treat ONFH in 394 hips with a mean follow-up of 49.06 months. HHS was improved from 62.73 to 86.94. Radiographic progression was found in 33.66% of hips. The failure rate of head-saving surgery by THA was 14.5%. No patients had serious postoperative complications.

Limitations

The number of articles included in the study was small, and all studies were single-center studies. Most studies were retrospective with a low level of evidence. Surgical procedures were not identical with different follow-up times.

Conclusion

Although there are some limitations to our approach, this systematic review supports fibula allografting as a simple, effective treatment for early-stage ONFH, which presents less postoperative complications, and has a satisfactory clinical effect. We consider it to be worthy of promotion as a therapy for ONFH.
The modified Atkins diet in children with Prader-Willi syndrome
Authors: Felix Grace , Kossoff Eric , Barron Bobbie , Krekel Caitlin , Testa Elizabeth Getzoff , Scheimann Ann
Published: June 2020

Background

Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is the most common genetic cause of obesity. Various dietary strategies have been used for weight management for people with PWS.

Methods

This was a clinical feasibility study to test the use of the Modified Atkins Diet (low carbohydrate and high fat) for children with PWS ages 6–12 years who were overweight/obese. Participants went on the Modified Atkins Diet for 4 months and then returned to have anthropometry repeated including repeat labs and behavior questionnaires.

Results

Seven children (ages 6–12) were enrolled in the study. Four participants completed the 4-month diet trial; two were unable to comply with the diet and stopped prematurely. One patient lost 2.9 kg; the others maintained their weight. Adverse effects were increases in LDL (expected based on larger studies) and hypercalciuria (with no renal stones) for one patient. Positive effects on hyperphagia and behavior were noted subjectively by families.

Conclusion

The Modified Atkins Diet can be a feasible low carbohydrate option for children with Prader-Willi Syndrome for weight management. Long-term use of the diet in patients with Prader-Willi Syndrome needs to be studied further.
The DISC1 R264Q variant increases affinity for the dopamine D2 receptor and increases GSK3 activity
Authors: Su Ping , Zhang Hailong , Wong Albert H. C. , Liu Fang
Published: June 2020

The Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene encodes a scaffolding protein that is involved in many neural functions such as neurogenesis, neural differentiation, embryonic neuron migration and neurotransmitter signalling. DISC1 was originally implicated in schizophrenia in a single family with a drastic mutation, a chromosomal translocation severing the mid-point of the gene (aa 598). Some common DISC1 variants have also been associated with schizophrenia in the general population, but those located far from the chromosomal translocation breakpoint likely have a different functional impact. We previously reported that DISC1 forms a protein complex with dopamine D2 receptor (D2R), the main target for antipsychotic medications. The D2R-DISC1 complex is elevated in brain tissue from schizophrenia patients and facilitates glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 signaling. The DISC1 R264Q variant is located within the region that binds the D2R, and we found that this polymorphism increases the affinity of DISC1 for the D2R and promotes GSK3 activity. Our results suggest a possible mechanism by which this common polymorphism could affect aspects of brain function that are relevant to psychosis and schizophrenia. This provides additional insight into molecular mechanisms underlying schizophrenia that could be exploited in the development of novel pharmacological treatments.
Discovery of proangiogenic CD44+mesenchymal cancer stem cells in an acute myeloid leukemia patient’s bone marrow
Authors: Cao Huynh , Xiao Jeffrey , Reeves Mark E. , Payne Kimberly , Chen Chien Shing , Baylink David J. , Marcucci Guido , Xu Yi
Published: June 2020

Here, we report a unique acute myeloid leukemia (AML) bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) with both mesenchymal and endothelial potential, which we have named Mesenchymal Cancer Stem Cells (MCSCs). These MCSCs are CD90-CD13-CD44+ and differ from MSCs in isolation, expansion, differentiation, immunophenotype, and cytokine release profile. Furthermore, blocking CD44 inhibited the proliferation and cluster formation of early MCSCs with lower ICAM-1 protein levels. Similar CD90-CD44+ cancer stem cells have been reported in both gastric and breast cancers, which grew in floating spheres in vitro and exhibited mesenchymal features and high metastatic/tumorigenic capabilities in vivo. Our novel discovery provides the first evidence that certain AMLs may be comprised of both hematopoietic and stromal malignant cells. Targeting MCSCs and their cytokine release has potential as a novel therapeutic approach in AML.
Insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling in tumorigenesis and drug resistance: a challenge for cancer therapy
Authors: Hua Hui , Kong Qingbin , Yin Jie , Zhang Jin , Jiang Yangfu
Published: June 2020

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) play important roles in mammalian growth, development, aging, and diseases. Aberrant IGFs signaling may lead to malignant transformation and tumor progression, thus providing the rationale for targeting IGF axis in cancer. However, clinical trials of the type I IGF receptor (IGF-IR)-targeted agents have been largely disappointing. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the IGF axis not only promotes tumorigenesis, but also confers resistance to standard treatments. Furthermore, there are diverse pathways leading to the resistance to IGF-IR-targeted therapy. Recent studies characterizing the complex IGFs signaling in cancer have raised hope to refine the strategies for targeting the IGF axis. This review highlights the biological activities of IGF-IR signaling in cancer and the contribution of IGF-IR to cytotoxic, endocrine, and molecular targeted therapies resistance. Moreover, we update the diverse mechanisms underlying resistance to IGF-IR-targeted agents and discuss the strategies for future development of the IGF axis-targeted agents.