bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes of Functional Recovery of Ankle Joint with Application of Rehabilitation Exercise Program after Arthroscopic Modified Brostrom Operation: A Pilot Study
Authors: Park Ji Myeong , Kim Ho Jin , Kong Se Hee
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to demonstrate its effectiveness by applying a systematic rehabilitation exercise program to patients after arthroscopic modified Brostrom operation.METHODS The research subjects were 13 patients who had arthroscopic modified Brostrom operation, the 60-minute rehabilitation exercise program was applied twice a week for six weeks, and then, subjective evaluation of ankle joint, and its dynamic stability and isokinetic muscle strength were measured.RESULTS After application of the rehabilitation exercise program, subjective evaluation of the ankle joint(p<.001), its dynamic stability(p<.001) and strengths of the involved side for isokinetic muscle strength peak torque inversion(p<.001), eversion(p<.01), total work inversion(p<.001), eversion(p<.01) uninvolved side peak torque inversion(p<.001), eversion(p<.01), total work(p<.01), muscle endurance of the involved side peak torque inversion(p<.001), eversion(p<.01), total work inversion(p<.001), eversion(p<.01), uninvolved side peak torque inversion(p<.01), total work inversion(p<.01) were significantly increased.CONCLUSIONS It was confirmed that application of rehabilitation exercise program after arthroscopic modified Brostrom operation was effective for positive possibilities of its settlement as regular rehabilitation exercise program.
ASSOCIATION OF NURSES' EMPATHIC TENDENCY AND ATTITUDES TO AGEISM TOWARD OLDER ADULTS
Authors: KILIÇ AKÇA Nazan , EFE ARSLAN Dilek , İN Harun , DOĞRUCAN Nuriye , ATAY Vahide
Published: May 2021

Objective: This study aims to determine nurses in correlate with their levels of empathic tendencies and attitudes to ageism towards older adults.
Material and Method: A descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional, with a convenience sample of 132 Turkey nurses was conducted in April- June 2017. Structured question form, Scale of Empathic Tendency and Fraboni Scale of Ageism were applied to nurses.
Results: Model explained that 6% of the variance to ageism in regression. In this model, factors that remained strongly associated with FSA score were gender, obtaining information about the elderly from the media, willingness to care for the elderly and empathic tendency (p<0.05).
Conclusion: This study found that ageism and empathic tendencies of nurses were at moderate level. Trainings should be organized to increase the empathy tendencies of nurses.
Comparison of Appendicitis Scoring Systems in Pediatric Patients
Authors: BANLI CESUR İlknur , SARI GÖKAY Sinem
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common causes of emergency department (ED) admission among pediatric patients, and the most common cause of abdominal pain requiring surgical intervention. The present study aimed to measure the success of three different appendicitis scoring systems in patients who were operated due to acute appendicitis (AA) upon presenting at the pediatric ED with acute abdominal pain.
METHODS: The study included a total of 226 patients who were admitted to Pediatric Emergency Department and who underwent an appendectomy between December 2018 and May 2019. Through a retrospective review of patient files; age, gender, clinical findings, laboratory results, Pediatric Appendicitis Score (PAS), Lintula score, Acute Inflammatory Response (AIR) score, ultrasonography (USG) findings and pathology results of the patients operated due to AA were recorded.
RESULTS: A total of 226 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 11.6±3.66 (1-17) years, and 57.1% (n=129) of the patients were female and 42.9% (n=97) were male. The pathology results were evaluated under three categories: suppurative (phlegmonous) appendicitis, 74.3%; perforated appendix, 9.7%; and reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, 15.9%. The cut-off values >3 for AIR, >7 for PAS and >15 for Lintula were found statistically significant. Among the three scoring systems, Lintula had the highest sensitivity (91.5%) and PAS had the highest specificity (69.4%).
DISCUSSION:Although scoring systems are used to diagnose AA, the selected cut-off values for the scoring systems have an effect on the results.. Patients with a PAS score of ≥7 were found to have more significant AA results. We believe that PAS is likely to be a preferred scoring system in pediatric patients, especially under busy ED conditions; however, further studies with larger populations are needed to develop scoring systems that will guide physicians to establish a final diagnosis.
Montessori Education at a Distance, Part 1
Authors: Murray Angela K. , Brown Katie , Barton Patricia
Published: May 2021

The transition to distance learning in the spring of 2020 caused by COVID-19 was particularly challenging for Montessori educators and students because key elements of the Method were not directly transferable to this new and hastily designed format. Hands-on learning with Montessori materials and learning in a community, as well as careful teacher observation, could not be easily replicated when children were learning from home. To understand how educators applied Montessori principles to serve children and families in these highly unusual circumstances, we surveyed Early Childhood and Elementary Montessori teachers about how they translated core elements of Montessori education to a distance-learning environment. The overall results suggest that Montessori distance-learning arrangements balanced live videoconference experiences for children with offline hands-on activities, while also relying on parents’ and caregivers’ involvement. Teachers reported that they largely designed learning experiences themselves, without significant support or guidance from school leaders. Still, teachers reported that they were able to uphold Montessori principles to only a moderate degree under the circumstances. While teachers understandably hunger for support, professional connections, and a return to the classroom experiences that drew them to the field of Montessori education, this study highlights factors that may affect the transition back to school for teachers, parents and caregivers, and students when face-to-face instruction resumes for all children.
René Goguey (1921 – 2015). Pionnier de l’archéologie aérienne en France et en Hongrie
Authors: Czajlik Zoltán
Published: May 2021

René Goguey (1921 – 2015)René Goguey (1921 – 2015)
Rómer, a tanár
Authors: Oroszlán Zoltán
Published: May 2021

Rómer, a tanár
Grabdenkmäler von Dunapentele (Intercisa) I. und II. Jh. n. u. Z.
Authors: Kanozsay Margit
Published: May 2021

Grabdenkmäler von Dunapentele (Intercisa) I. und II. Jh. n. u. Z.
Die Münzprägung Valentinianus'I. in Siscia
Authors: Lányi Vera
Published: May 2021

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Rómer Flóris (1815. április 12 - 1887. március 8.)
Authors: Kanozsay Margit
Published: May 2021

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Opponensi vélemény Dr. Sós Ágnes: A Dunántúl IX. századi szláv népessége c. kandidátusi disszertációjáról
Authors: Bóna István
Published: May 2021

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Das Schicksal der römerzeitlichen Bevölkerung Pannoniens in der Völkerwanderungszeit
Authors: Kiss Attila
Published: May 2021

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Geschichte der musealen Sammeltätigkeit und der archäologischen Sammlungen im Komitat Somogy
Authors: Draveczky Balázs
Published: May 2021

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Érdy János kiadatlan archaeologiai terminológiája
Authors: Kanozsay Margit
Published: May 2021

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Vergleichende Untersuchungen in den Randgebieten des Awarenreiches auf Grund des spätawarischen Denkmalgutes
Authors: Szatmári Sarolta
Published: May 2021

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Opponensi vélemény Vértes László, az őskori történelem magyarországi adatai c. doktori értekezéséről /részlet/
Authors: Banner János
Published: May 2021

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A frank szárnyas lándzsák régészeti és természettudományos vizsgálata
Authors: Szabó Zoltán
Published: May 2021

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Short report on the excavations at Brigetio (Szőny-Vásártér) in 2013
Authors: Borhy László , Bartus Dávid , Számadó Emese
Published: May 2021

Excavations in the 2013 season at the site Brigetio/Szőny-Vásártér were concentrated on unearthing a cellar which had been found in 2012 as well as taking observations in the vicinity of the previously excavated metal-workshop nearby. According to these aims, we opened 12 sections – on both new and already excavated places – on a total surface of 210 m2, where a cellar with collapsed wooden ceiling and remains of other organic materials, and several objects indicating metalworking activity were found.
The Cemeteries and Grave Finds of Győr and Moson Counties from the Time of the Hungarian Conquest and the Early Árpádian Age
Authors: Horváth Ciprián
Published: May 2021

Abstract of PhD thesis submitted in 2013 to the Archaeology Doctoral Programme, Doctoral School of History, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest under the supervision of Tivadar Vida.

The dissertation examines the burials of the territory of two counties, Győr and Moson in the west of the Hungarian Principality in the age of the Hungarian Conquest, and the Hungarian Kingdom in the Early Árpádian Age. Their analysis will be the ground for sketching the picture of the territory in the 10th-11th centuries. First the period’s sites are presented, then the assessment of individual phenomena and object types follows, providing ground for the examinations of the history of settlements, which partly leads through the examination of the borderland character of the territory. The territory of the former two counties forms the geographical frames. The temporal frames are formed by, on the one hand, the occupation of Transdanubia in – according to our present knowledge – 900 and on the other hand, the end of the 11th century and the beginning of the 12th century.
Short report on the excavation in 2014 at Polgár-Csőszhalom
Authors: Raczky Pál , Anders Alexandra , Faragó Norbert , Márkus Gábor
Published: May 2021

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A Palaeolithic mammoth bone deposit and a Late Copper Age Baden settlement and enclosure. Preliminary report on the rescue excavation at Szurdokpüspöki – Hosszú-dűlő II–III. (M21 site No. 6–7)
Authors: Szilágyi Márton , Füzesi András , Virág Attila , Gasparik Mihály
Published: May 2021

The Institute of Archaeological Sciences of the Eötvös Loránd University carried out a rescue excavation at the Szurdokpüspöki – Hosszú-dűlő II-III. site, where Palaeolithic, Late Copper Age, Early Bronze Age and Roman Age features were found. This preliminary report concentrates on the Palaeolithic pit where mammoth bones were deposited and on the special features of the Late Copper Age settlement.
A new Roman bath in the canabae of Brigetio. Short report on the excavations at the site Szőny-Dunapart in 2014
Authors: Bartus Dávid , Borhy László , Delbó Gabriella , Számadó Emese
Published: May 2021

The present article deals with the excavations in the canabae of Brigetio preceding the construction of a flood control dam between the modern cities of Komárom and Almásfüzitő. Most important results of the excavation is the discovery of the first Roman bath in Brigetio and a bronze workshop. Since the original construction plans were altered after the discovery of the bath to avoid the destruction of the site, excavations will continue in 2015 with the main objective of unearthing the whole Roman bath and the bronze workshop. Our future plans include the complete excavation and presentation of the site as an archaeological parc, which could be the first of its kind in Brigetio.
Római bélyeges téglák a komáromi Duna Menti Múzeum gyűjteményében
Authors: Mathédesz Lajos
Published: May 2021

The Museum of Komárom, founded at the end of the 19th century, owns a remarkable collection of Roman age archaeological finds, most of which already got scientific attention in the last three decades. Roman stamped bricks constitute an exception, therefore, in the framework of this study I wish to deal with these finds. As old records contain only partial information or are missing completely, determining ther exact location of the finds posed a problem from the point of view of my research. In the study I collected the available records regarding Roman stamped bricks, which I compared with the pieces in the collection of the Museum.
Test excavations in the vicinity of Cserkeszőlő (Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County, Hungary)
Authors: Szilágyi Márton
Published: May 2021

The staff of the Institute of Archaeological Sciences of the Eötvös Loránd University carried out test excavations in the autumn of 2015 prior to the construction of motorway M44 in Tiszazug, Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County, Hungary. This preliminary report presents the most interesting features and finds of this campaign.
Bronze head with Suebian nodus from Aquincum
Authors: Juhász Lajos
Published: May 2021

In 2012 a small head with Suebian nodus was uncovered in Aquincum, the first one ever from this site. Despite filling a gap on the map and thus bringing us somewhat closer to understanding these interesting representations, it still leaves a number of questions unanswered.
Tumulus Period settlement of Hosszúhetény-Ormánd
Authors: Mali Péter
Published: May 2021

During a rescue excavation in 2009, a farmstead-like settlement was excavated near Hosszúhetény. The potterymaterial shows an interesting placement for the settlement both culturally and chronologically. The buildings of thesettlement are of special interest, because of the rarity of known Tumulus houses in the region, and the absence ofthis settlement type in the period, showing us the lowest link in the chain of hierachy of settlements.
New Psychological Testing Tools
Authors: Voitov V.K. , Shepeleva E.A. , Gavrilova E.V. , Dumin P.N. , Ermakov S.S.
Published: May 2021

The article provides a detailed description of the diagnostic game system PLines, which was previously described in the journal, discusses the features of conducting research in individual and pair modes, objective indicators of player activity, the use of which, together with the recording of a number of indicators of universal learning activities (ECD): the ability to plan, analyze and reflect, allows you to study more deeply the structure of game behavior and its relationship with personal qualities that are inaccessible to direct observation. The functional components of the system are described, and the methods of storing, extracting, and analyzing the results of experiments are described.
Efficacy of NUTRI’s Softia S Product in Patients with Dysphagia
Authors: Pryanikova Natal'ya I. , Bykadorova Anna A. , Polikarpova Olesya S. , Shchelkunova Inessa G. , Petrova Marina V.
Published: May 2021

Background: Dysphagia of various origins is widespread. There is a high risk of developing formidable complications: malnutrition, dehydration, weight loss, airway obstruction, aspiration pneumonia. The product Softia S is used to solve the problems of swallowing liquids. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan financed this study within the framework of the 8-Point Cooperation Plan presented by the Prime Minister of Japan S. Abe to the President of the Russian Federation V. V. Putin in May 2016. Aims: Assessment of the efficacy and safety of NUTRIs Softia S product for patients with dysphagia of various origins. Materials and methods: Complex assessment of dysphagia included speech therapy, video fluoroscopy and video laryngoscopy with assessment of swallowing function Rosenbek (PAS) and FEDSS scales. Patients were divided into 2 groups (experiment and control). The study lasted 14 days. Examination by a speech therapist and a nutritionist was carried out daily. On the 1st and 14th days, laboratory parameters were monitored, and the patients body weight was determined. Results: The study included 30 patients with mild dysphagia. By the end of the study, 8 people in the experimental group showed a restoration of the swallowing function, residual effects in the form of choking persisted in 7 people. In the control group, a slight improvement was observed in 2 patients, 13 had no changes. The most significant changes were found in the experimental group for the indicators "Time of eating" ("Breakfast", on average, 3.7 minutes, p=0.0033; "Lunch", on average, 6.9 minutes, p 0.0001); "The number of chokes after hydration" ("Breakfast" by an average of 7.0, p 0.0001; "Lunch" by an average of 8.1, p 0.0001; "Dinner" by an average of 6.8, p 0.0001); "The number of chokes during hydration" ("Breakfast" by an average of 8.8, p 0.0001; "Lunch" by an average of 12.1, p 0.0001; "Dinner" by an average of 8.7, p 0.0001). The number of dysphonia cases with sputum significantly decreased only in the experimental group. Conclusions: Softia S can be used in complex therapy for dysphagia by reducing the amount of choking after and during hydration and time of eating and dysphonia cases with sputum.
Televizyonun Teknik Gelişimi ve Tanımlanmasının Türkiye’deki Yansımaları: 1930’larda Televizyonu Tanıma Çabaları
Authors: İLASLAN Süleyman
Published: May 2021

Televizyonun icadı ve teknik gelişimini tamamlayarak gündelik hayatta yer almaya başlaması uzun bir tarihsel süreci kapsamaktadır. Bu sürece en az bunlar kadar uzun süren onu anlamlandırma ve sosyal-kültürel hayatta konumlandırma çabaları eşlik etmiştir. Televizyonun kamusal söylemde yer alışı gündelik hayatın temel bir unsuru olarak kabul görmesinden ve yaygınlaşmasından çok önce gerçekleşmiştir. Televizyon hakkındaki söylemler yalnızca onu keşfeden ülkelerle sınırlı kalmamış, diğer ülkelere de yayılmıştır. Özellikle gelişmiş Batılı ülkelerden yayılan bu televizyon söylemi 1930’lu yıllarda Türkiye’de de karşılık bulmuştur. Bu yıllarda gazetelerde televizyonun gelişimi konusundaki haberlerin ve köşe yazılarının ortaya çıkışı bu yeni iletişim teknolojisine duyulan ilgiyi ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmada televizyona dair gelişmelerin Türkiye’de 1920’li yılların sonlarından 1940’lı yıllara kadar olan süreçte kamusal söylemde kendisine nasıl yer bulduğuna odaklanılmaktadır. Televizyonu anlamlandırma biçiminin bu tekniği keşfeden ve geliştiren öncü ülkelerdeki hâkim televizyon söyleminden ve anlamlandırma biçiminden nasıl etkilendiği incelenmektedir. Bu çerçevede, televizyona dair söylemler üzerinden bir zihniyetler tarihi çalışması gerçekleştirilmektedir. Çalışmanın temel veri kaynaklarını ele alınan dönemdeki gazete arşivleri oluşturmaktadır. Milli Kütüphane’nin dijitalsüreli yayın arşivi “televizyon” anahtar kelimesiyle taranarak Akşam, Hâkimiyeti Milliye, Kurun, Ulus ve Vakit gibi gazetelerden ulaşılan haber ve köşe yazıları üzerinden bu yeni teknoloji ve iletişim biçimine dair dönemin kamusal söylemi nitel bir yorumlama temelinde tarihsel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, yeni bir iletişim teknolojisinin tanımlanmasının dönemin toplumsal koşulları ve mevcut iletişim biçimleri bağlamında gerçekleştirildiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca, Türkiye’de televizyonu anlamlandırmada bu yeni iletişim teknolojisi ve biçimine dair uluslararası söylem de temel bir rol oynamıştır.
Energy ratio of reflected and refracted seismic waves*
Authors: Gutenberg B.
Published: May 2021

IV. Summary

The investigation of amplitudes of elastic waves passing through layers of the earth, either in earthquakes or from artificial explosions, requires a knowledge of the distribution of energy at points of reflection or refraction, and also of the ratio between the amplitudes arriving at the surface of the earth and the displacements of the ground there. Some fundamental theoretical problems involved are discussed (section II) and typical curves for the quantities mentioned are given (section III).
Magnitude determination for deep-focus earthquakes*
Authors: Gutenberg B.
Published: May 2021

The magnitude of deep-focus earthquakes is so defined as to make the energy released in two shocks of the same magnitude equal, regardless of focal depth.—Charts are given which, in connection with the equations for the magnitude of shallow shocks, permit the calculation of the magnitude of a shock at any given depth if the maximum ground amplitude and the corresponding wave period of P, PP, or S at a given epicentral distance are known.—It is found that the energies released in the longitudinal and transverse waves of an earthquake are about equal, regardless of focal depth.—The “shadow zone” for P and S waves at epicentral distances near 10°, indicating a slight minimum in wave velocity at a depth near 100 km., has been confirmed, and quantitative results for amplitudes of P as a function of focal depth are given.—Earthquake magnitudes of 7 ¾ to 8 have been found throughout the range of focal depths, but, during the past forty years, seem to have been relatively less frequent in deep-focus than in shallow shocks. In contrast with shallow shocks, no deep-focus earthquakes of magnitudes 8 ¼ to 8 ½ have been established thus far. This indicates (but does not yet prove) that at depths of about 100 to 700 km. roughly one-tenth as much energy can be stored as at depths of 15 to 40 km. At a depth of about 700 km. earthquake activity seems to stop abruptly.—The amplitudes of surface waves in deep-focus shocks decrease with increasing focal depth approximately as given by the theory.
An electrostatic seismometer*
Authors: Gane P. G.
Published: May 2021

Theory and description are given of sensitive capacity-type seismometers having small size, eddy-current damping, and an undamped period of 0.23 second. The voltage output is taken to the grid of a cathode-follower tube within the instrument and is thereafter amplified. The suspension of the mass (by torsion wire) is of identical character in both vertical- and horizontal-component instruments. Records are given of tremors observed with a magnification of 7,000.
The Dominguez Hills, California, earthquake of June 18, 1944*
Authors: Martner Samuel T.
Published: May 2021

Two small earthquakes on June 18, 1944, were felt generally in the Los Angeles metropolitan area and did slight damage in the region of Compton and Gardena, California, which included collapse of sixteen wells in the Rosecrans oil field. Epicenters of these shocks have been determined to be near 33° 51′ N Lat. and 118° 15′ W Long., with origin times at 4:03:34 p.m. and 7:06:06 p.m., P.S.T. This occurrence is compared with a previous happening in 1941, and the parallel is so striking that it is strongly suggested that the mechanism was similar in both.
On the layer of relatively low wave velocity at a depth of about 80 kilometers*
Authors: Gutenberg B.
Published: May 2021

Summary and Conclusions

Seismograms recorded at epicentral distances between 4° and 26° are investigated, and revised travel-time curves for P and S are given. Both consist of two branches, the first almost a straight line ending in a shadow zone, the second beginning with relatively large amplitudes and with a delay relative to the first branch. The end of the shadow zone for P seems to be near 15° in most regions; for S this distance seems to vary somewhat and to be usually a few degrees greater. The “20-degree discontinuity” of Lehmann and Jeffreys, following Byerly (1926), as well as observations by Neumann (1933) and others, probably can be referred to the same phenomenon. Differences in distance are partly due to local effects, partly to the difficulty of tracing the first branch of the travel-time curves of P and S across the shadow zone.

Huancayo, Peru, seismograms from near-by earthquakes at intermediate depth are used for studying the change of amplitude with focal depth at a given distance in and near the shadow zone. All observations are explained on the assumption that the velocity of P as well as S waves decreases somewhat (between 1/2 and 3 per cent?) at a depth below the Mohorovičić discontinuity to a minimum value at a depth near 80 to 100 km. The data do not permit decision whether the decrease in velocity is gradual over a range of about 50 km. or (almost) sudden at a given depth. The layer with lower velocity extends downward to a depth of about 150 to 180 km.; below, the velocities increase rather rapidly, but Poisson's ratio remains near 0.30, contrasting with a value of slightly less than 1/4 in the upper layers. Correspondingly, the rigidity remains relatively small as compared with the bulk modulus, apparently down to the surface of the core.

It is of interest to note that such a low-velocity layer has now been established for the solid earth, the ocean, and the atmosphere, providing shadow zones for elastic (sound) waves in all three. It is also noteworthy that only a relatively small decrease in velocity is required to produce a rather extensive and pronounced shadow zone. The theory of free waves connected with the surface of minimum wave velocity probably will throw some light on the relatively large amplitudes and persistence of surface waves with a velocity of about 4.45km/sec. in seismograms.
Vibrations from delay blasting*
Authors: Leet L. Don
Published: May 2021

Systems of delay blasting are discussed with particular reference to their effectiveness in reducing vibrations in the vicinity. It has been established that short-delay blasting does in some cases reduce vibrations appreciably and increase rock breakage. The exact mechanism by which it operates, however, is not yet well enough understood to permit applications with uniform success under a variety of conditions.

A theory of the operation of short-delay blasting is offered as a working hypothesis to guide research and the engineering of shots until experimental data are available.
The Koroni (Messinia) earthquake of October 6, 1947*
Authors: Galanopoulos A. G.
Published: May 2021

Brief report of the macroseismic effects. Comparison of the distribution of the seismic effects with the strongly shaken area of the previous widespread earthquake of August 27, 1886. Critical discussion of the perceptibly shaken area, with the resulting suggestion that the depth of the focus may have been between 28 and 42 kilometers, greater than that of most destructive earthquakes of Greece. There is emphasized the lack of conductibility in the crystalline mass of Cyclades and, conversely, the activity of the Ionian-Cretan conducting line. The perfect coincidence of the locus of origin with the west trench fault of the Gulf of Messinia is taken as suggesting a tectonic origin.
Unexplained phases in seismograms*
Authors: Gutenberg B.
Published: May 2021

Seismograms of more than 100 deep-focus earthquakes originating at epicentral distances from 1° to about 30° from Huancayo, Peru, and recorded there, are used in an investigation of unexplained phases. Three groups of waves, following P after about 5, 10, and 20 seconds, are possibly waves which have changed from longitudinal to transverse at depths of roughly 40, 80, and 150 km., respectively. Other phases may be waves reflected at a depth of between 900 and 1,000 km. The possibility of a sudden small decrease in wave velocity there is discussed. Other observed unexplained phases are mentioned. Reasons are discussed for usually minor disagreements between observed and calculated times, as well as amplitudes of phases in seismograms.
Ground vibration near explosions.*
Authors: Howell Benjamin F.
Published: May 2021

In summary, the following pulses were recognized on many or all of the records taken in the Los Alamitos region:

P The first pulse to arrive. P3 A compressional pulse arriving later than P. X1, X2, X3 Three pulses assumed to be body waves traveling along deeper paths than P and P3. C A strongly dispersed pulse largely confined to the longitudinal component. T Motion on the transverse component arriving largely coincident with C. H A direct elliptical motion in a vertical plane. R A Rayleigh-type motion.

P, C, H, and R are prominent on all the records, though at distances less than 300 meters from the explosions C, H and R overlap each other, and are not separable. They are strongly dispersed, and their beginnings are therefore difficult to identify. It is the times of arrival of their maxima which are plotted in the travel-time curves.

The recorded pulses of energy are all of types previously reported. However, no completely satisfactory theory explaining C, H, or R exists. Any theory describing these pulses must be based on a knowledge of the fundamental properties of the first few meters of the earth's crust, a complicated medium which is plainly neither homogeneous nor elastic. The fact that such a medium can transmit both compressional and Rayleigh-type waves is an encouraging sign, since it means that its behavior can not be radically different from that of elastic substances. It is to be hoped that the mathematical physicists will soon develop equations describing wave transmission through such media.

In closing, the author would like to thank the many persons, especially Dr. Beno Gutenberg of the California Institute of Technology and Dr. R. A. Peterson of United Geophysical Company, for their advice and assistance, without which this research could not have been done.
Revisión energética en una empresa de fundición de metales
Authors: Rojas Lina Tatiana , De La Torre Yuliana , Vidal Juan Ricardo , Ciro Quispe Enrique
Published: May 2021

Este documento presenta el estudio energético realizado a una empresa de fundición de metal ubicada en el municipio de Yumbo (Valle del Cauca), con el fin de estimar el potencial de ahorro de energía. En este trabajo se utilizan técnicas de gestión de energía que permitieron plantear unas propuestas de mejoramiento del desempeño energético y calcular un potencial de ahorro de 3367 KW-h para un periodo similar al analizado. Además, permitió calcular la producción crítica del proceso productivo
Modernización del sistema de control de los parques solares ‘Santa Teresa II’ (Guantánamo) y ‘Bagacera de Cruces’ (Cienfuegos).
Authors: Benítez-Pina Israel Francisco
Published: May 2021

El SunAnalyzer desarrollado en Citect SCADA permitió optimizar la explotación de dos parques solares en las provincias de Guantánamo y Cienfuegos (Cuba). El SunAnalyzer permite la visualización en tiempo real de los parámetros de operación, realizar diagnósticos de operación, y visualizar la información en gráficas detalladas. El sistema se desarrolló de forma amigable con los operadores, y el personal técnico y administrativo. Adicionalmente la implementación de una base de datos permite comparar datos de operación en el tiempo, lo que ayuda a un proceso de toma de decisiones más robusto. Como resultado del sistema, se obtienen una reducción significativa de los costos de operación de ambas plantas solares.
Tort Compensation in the United States and England: Goal or Means?
Authors: Segal Boaz
Published: May 2021

The modern state exists and acts on behalf of its citizens. No longer is it the state of a sole ruler acting on his or her own behalf and for his or her own sake. Rather, it is a civil state whose role is to preserve the rights of its citizens and to maximize their welfare. An important instrument for the goal of realizing these roles is the government authority held by the state. Consequently, the modern state exercises extensive government authority in social and economic life. The widening of the areas of activity in which it is involved and over which it exercises its authority raises the question of the desirable scope of state liability for the negligent exercise of this authority. In this paper, I analyze the scope of tort liability of public agencies and public authorities in the United States and England. The innovation proposed in this article is twofold for, although the scope of liability of public agencies has been extensively surveyed and analyzed in the academic literature, these surveys and analyses were for the most part conducted by means of organizing the development of the relevant case law along a timeline. This article adopts a different approach, examining the scope of liability of public agencies according to their areas of activity. Accordingly, the abundant court judgments are classified into varied areas of government activity. This technique allows for fine, precise inferences to be drawn with regard to the level of liability of public agencies. It can be started already at this stage that, as a whole, the fundamental conclusion of this article is that in both the United States and England the remnants of the traditional doctrine, that of sovereign or crown immunity, are marked. An analysis of the law in these countries shows that to this day, public agencies still enjoy extensive protections against tort claims and that the general approach there has always been to limit liability. The second innovation included in this article is, in a nutshell, the suggestion of a possible reason for the prevalence of this doctrine in the United States and England. I argue that this reason may be the manner in which each judicial system perceives the role of the instrument of tort compensation. Accordingly, I contend that compensation is perceived in the United States and England as a means to achieve the goals of tort law, rather than as an independent goal standing on its own merit.
Maintaining Balance: A Comprehensive Look of The Struggle Between Government Protection and Government Overreach in Regard to Mergers and Their Remedies
Authors: Bateman Severine
Published: May 2021

In September of 2020, the Department of Justice made a change to the Merger Remedies Manual, which discusses the correct remedies for mergers that violate the standards in the Heart-Scott-Rodino Act and how to best enforce them. A deeper look at this manual prompts a deeper analysis on current antitrust merger standards and how they balance government power and personal liberties. The Merger Remedies manual and its corresponding document with the Federal Trade Commission, as well as the merger standards in regard to the rise of Private Equity Buyers and Big Tech, promote concern over the balance between constitutional rights and promoting fairness in the marketplace. This article is among the first to analyze how current merger remedies stand in being effective in regard to the technology sector, while also analyzing the constitutionality of those merger regulations.The article contributes to the literature in three primary ways. First, the article deeply analyzes the two manuals for merger remedies from the above mentioned agencies and determines which better balances governmental powers with personal liberties and where both agencies could improve. Second, the article outlines the current concerns with large technology companies and their current rights in regard to merger standards while also acknowledging their monopolizing tendencies, presenting ways in which such issues could more easily and constitutionally be regulated through antitrust merger laws. Third, the article analyzes the current stance from the merger regulating agencies towards private equity firms and how their changing stances and opinions support a less government-regulative stance towards private equity firm involvement.
The Use of Emoji in International Communication: A Cultural Bridge for Businesses or a Potential Pitfall
Authors: Missirian David E
Published: May 2021

There is a new form of communication entering the international business world and the legal environment. It is the Emoji. It has been embraced across the globe by millennials. There are 26 million US persons entering the business community this year alone for whom the emoji is an essential communications tool. That number is matched in multiples by other countries. We must anticipate and incorporate this new mode and method of communication into our international legal structure, or we will ultimately make our legal system less effective in the global business community driving a communications wedge between our society and the rest of the world.
Diseño ecológico: Estrategias para la ciudad vulnerable: Adaptando las áreas precarias de América Latina y el Caribe al cambio climático
Authors: Vera Felipe , Sordi Jeannette
Published: May 2021

Según las Naciones Unidas, aproximadamente tres de cada cinco ciudades del mundo con -al menos- 500.000 habitantes corren un alto riesgo de padecer un desastre natural. Si no se trabaja mejor en mitigar y adaptar las ciudades, estas serán en el futuro más pobladas, más calientes, menos biodiversas. La crisis ambiental y climática acentúa la desigualdad, dado que los grupos socialmente y económicamente más vulnerables se encuentran más expuestos a riesgos naturales y generalmente acceden a menos infraestructuras y servicios ecosistémicos. En América Latina y Caribe las poblaciones más vulnerables a menudo residen con asentamientos informales, precarios o populares. En los últimos años se han hecho importantes avances en repensar estos asentamientos, desarrollando estrategias de intervención para mejorar la calidad de vida, la seguridad y las oportunidades de sus habitantes. Hoy es fundamental incorporar de manera efectiva los criterios climáticos en las intervenciones urbanas. Diseño Ecológico dimensiona los impactos de la crisis climática en las áreas más vulnerables de nuestras ciudades - la ciudad informal - a la vez que reflexiona sobre cómo proteger a quienes se ven más fuertemente afectados por las consecuencias del cambio climático. Además, provee nuevos lentes para analizar el riesgo y diseñar soluciones basadas en la naturaleza en asentamientos urbanos precarios, informales, populares, vulnerables, para hacer de la ciudad informal una ciudad más resiliente frente a las presiones climáticas que vendrán en las próximas décadas.
On On the distribution of three exotic geckos of genus Hemidactylus Gray, 1825 (Squamata, Gekkonidae), and an unusual record of the native lizard Gymnophthalmus speciosus (Hallowell, 1861) outside its elevational range in Colombia
Authors: Henao-Osorio Jose J. , Pereira-Ramírez Ana M. , Cardona-Giraldo Alexandra , Arias-Monsalve Héctor Fabio , Rojas-Morales Julián A. , Caicedo-Portilla José Rancés , Ramírez-Chaves Héctor E.
Published: May 2021

The study of the introduction of exotic species in Colombia has been a trending topic in the last decade due to their effects on local diversity. The records of exotic reptile species of the genus Hemidactylus have increased based on museum vouchers and fieldwork. However, there are still plenty of information gaps regarding their current distribution in the country. Similarly, there is limited information on unusual reptile distributions caused by human transport inside the country. Here, we present an update to the distribution of the exotic house geckos Hemidactylus frenatus, H. garnotii, and H. mabouia based on several new localities and historical records. We also present an atypical record of the golden spectacled tegu Gymnophthalmus speciosus in paramo ecosystems from the Central Andes of Colombia, almost 2000 meters above the upper elevational known limit for this species. The distribution update shows that H. frenatus is widely distributed in 30 of the 32 departments of Colombia with no records for Chocó and Guainía. H. garnotii is currently known only from the Cauca River basin of the departments of Antioquia, Caldas, and Risaralda, while H. mabouia, previously known from the Amazon basin of the country, is now reported for the Andean region. Finally, Gymnophthalmus speciosus presence in a paramo ecosystem, considered unusual as it is not part of its distribution area, was probably the result of an accidental transport from a typical lowland locality (below 1000 meters above sea level.
La preservación del bien religioso y el Estado de Derecho
Authors: Carvalho Mendonça Matheus Thiago , Oliveira Vianna Lucas
Published: May 2021

La especulación sobre un orden metafísico irreductible a la experiencia individual es universal a la condición humana, manifestándose principalmente en creencias religiosas. Los panoramas teórico-filosóficos estructurados por John Finnis y Amartya Sen son útiles para comprender este fenómeno y discernir su espacio apropiado en las comunidades humanas. El Estado de derecho asume un papel clave en la gestión de este bien básico y, por lo tanto, debe preservar las condiciones de su florecimiento, para lo cual una postura secular que reconozca la relevancia social de las diferentes visiones religiosas para la consecución del bien común de los seres humanos.
Las Guerras Cibernéticas en el Derecho Internacional Humanitario
Authors: Manotas Camila , Burgaentzle Irina
Published: May 2021

Actualmente, uno de los debates jurídicos se centra en las nuevas tecnologías empleadas para direccionar ataques de origen cibernético, que podrían revolucionar la dinámica llevada en conflictos armados. A primera vista, varias de estas no cumplirían con principios rectores del derecho internacional humanitario (DIH), así como el principio de distinción, principio de proporcionalidad y de precaución. Por tanto, este trabajo busca concretar ¿qué desafíos enfrentan los principios del Derecho Internacional Humanitario en las operaciones llevadas a cabo con herramientas ciberespaciales?
Proportion of Cases Managed Non-Operatively and Its Predictors for Failure in Splenic Injury – A Cross Sectional Study from VSSIMSAR, Odisha
Authors: Majhi Harekrishna , Mohapatra Abinasha , James Sachin Paul , Nayak Ashok Kumar
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND The primary objective in the management of splenic injury earlier was to achieve early haemostasis which resulted in splenectomy as the treatment of choice. But after recognising the role of spleen in immune and haematopoietic functions, nonoperative management (NOM) was started. In order to practice non-operative management safely a better way to assess the severity of splenic injury was necessary. Eventually it became possible with the advent of computed tomography. Along with clinical assessment, it enabled us in the selection of appropriate patients for non-operative management. Now this modality is considered as the gold standard for patients who are hemodynamically stable or readily stabilisable. It decreases the duration of hospital stay and prevents postoperative morbidity. We wanted to find out the proportion of cases and predictors for failure of non-operative management among splenic injury patients in VIMSAR, Burla. METHODS This cross-sectional study was done among 35 patients with splenic injury who were hemodynamically stable from November 2018 to October 2020. RESULTS Age, sex, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mechanism of injury, Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), associated injury (if hemodynamically stable) were not found to be significant predictors in deciding the failure of non-operative management. CONCLUSIONS Most important predictor for failure of non-operative management was development of haemodynamic instability. Tachycardia, low mean arterial pressure (MAP), drop in haemoglobin (Hb) and haematocrit were significant parameters in our study and all these parameters ultimately point towards hemodynamic instability. KEYWORDS Non-Operative Management (Successful), Non-Operative Management (Failure), Hemodynamically Stable, Blunt Trauma Abdomen
Relationship between the Age of Diagnosis and the Effectiveness of Treatment in Autistic Children
Authors: I Madhumitha Parvathy , Subramanian , Rajam Krishna , M.R Renuka Devi
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND Autism is a complex developmental disorder that is not fully understood and is still debated. Till recently, there is no standardised treatment option for autism, earlier the diagnosis better the prognosis but there are only few Indian studies to establish the relationship between early diagnosis and effectiveness of treatment in autistic children and hence this study was conducted. METHODS This was a cross sectional study. Parents of 51 autistic children were asked to fill the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS-2) questionnaire,1 which is a standard screening questionnaire and the CARS-0 and CARS-1 scores were studied. The therapists of the respondents were asked to fill CARS-2 questionnaire based on the characteristics of the respondent when he / she was diagnosed and before he / she started his / her treatment. This score has been documented as CARS-0 score. Then another CARS-2 test was scored by the therapists / researcher based on the present characteristics of the respondent. The relationship between CARS0 score and CARS-1 score, the age of diagnosis and the difference in CARS score were investigated based on paired t-test and Pearson’s correlation. Analysis was done using SPSS and Microsoft Excel. RESULTS CARS scores decreased after treatment and the decrease in CARS 1 scores was more in age groups of 0 - 3 and 3 - 5 years as compared to 5 - 10 years. Pearson’s correlation was done to study the association between the age of diagnosis and the difference between CARS-0 and CARS-1 scores and a negative correlation was seen. CONCLUSIONS There was a significant correlation between the age of diagnosis and the treatment outcome in autistic children. KEYWORDS Autism, Autism Spectrum Disorder, CARS Questionnaire, CARS 0, CARS 1
Study of Geriatric Dermatoses in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India – An Observational Study
Authors: Kumar Sweta S. , Jain Oshin , Jain Prateek
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND Geriatric dermatoses are a common group of conditions seen frequently in the daily out-patient clinic. The process of ageing plays an important role in the physiological and pathological changes of the skin in old age. With the presence of long-term systemic comorbidities, the incidence of pathological conditions also increases. Only a few studies have been conducted in India about geriatric dermatoses. We wanted to study the prevalence of physiological and pathological skin changes in the elderly population. METHODS It was a cross sectional observational study and 300 patients aged more than 60 years attending the outpatient clinic of dermatology at UPUMS, Saifai were enrolled in the study. Detailed history of cutaneous complaints, past and present medical conditions was taken. Complete general physical and dermatological examination was done. The physiological and pathological skin changes in the cases were noted. RESULTS Out of 300 patients, 70.67 % were males and 29.33 % were females. 72 % belonged to the age group of 60 - 69 years. 88.33 % complained about pruritus. Wrinkles and xerosis were the most common physiological cutaneous manifestations. Benign growths like seborrheic keratosis, dermatosis papulosa nigra, and acrochordons were observed in most of the patients. Eczema and fungal infections were the most common pathological conditions in the study. 25 % had pre-existing systemic conditions with diabetes and hypertension being the commonest. 88 % had greying of hair and 45.67 % had nail changes. CONCLUSIONS India is an ageing nation. In the elderly, both physiological and pathological skin changes are common. Geriatric dermatology is becoming an important aspect of dermatology. Our study helps in providing a better understanding about the patterns of geriatric dermatoses and emphasizes the need to focus on healthcare needs of the elderly. KEYWORDS Geriatric, Ageing, Eczema, Wrinkling, Xerosis