bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES OF ACTIVE CARBON FABRIC AND A CHEMOSORBENT BASED ON IT FOR AMMONIA ABSORPTION
Authors: Farberova Elena A. , Chashchina Ekaterina V. , Smirnov Sergey A. , Pershin Egor A. , Khodyashev Nikolay B. , Tin’gaeva Elena A.
Published: February 2025

The work is devoted to the study of the properties of active carbon fabric as a carrier of a chemisorbent for ammonia adsorption. Studies of the porous structure of active carbon fabric were carried out, as a result of which it was found that it has a developed pore system. The total pore volume of the active carbon fabric sample is 1.3 cm3/g, wherein the sorption pores content is 38% and the percentage of micropores in the volume of sorption pores is 88%. Active carbon fabric is shown to have hydrophobic properties. The active carbon fabric was impregnated with copper (II) salts in order to obtain a chemisorbent for adsorbing ammonia. When copper (II) sulfate is applied to active carbon fabric, crystallization of the additive occurs on its surface, which leads to partial blocking of the sorption pores (the decrease in the volume of sorption pores was 29.2%). On the surface of the active carbon fabric, crystallites of copper (II) sulfate are formed, the sizes of which are in a fairly wide range (1.29-746 μm). Crystallites of copper (II) chloride, when applied to the surface of active carbon fabric, partially fill micro- and mesopores, the decrease in the volume of micropores reached 39.6%. It was found that mainly when applying the additive, the pore volume changes with a half-width gap of 0.52-0.77 nm and 1.10-1.40 nm. The equilibrium ammonia adsorption capacity of chemisorbents was determined under static conditions. Chemisorbent with copper (II) chloride additive is shown to have the highest equilibrium capacity. The equilibrium ammonia capacity of chemisorbents mainly depends on the availability of the surface of the active carbon fabric (AСF) sorption space for ammonia molecules.
For citation:
Farberova E.A., Chashchina E.V., Smirnov S.A., Pershin E.A., Khodyashev N.B., Tin’gaeva E.A. Study of the properties of active carbon fabric and a chemosorbent based on it for ammonia absorption. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2025. V. 68. N 3. P. 95-103. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20256803.7120.
NANOPARTICLES OF METAL OXIDES – HIGHLY EFFECTIVE PET MODIFIERS
Authors: Prokopchuk Nikolai R. , Lenartovich Liliya A. , Vishnevskaya Tatyana A. , Khot'ko Anatoliy N.
Published: February 2025

TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles were introduced into polyethylene terephthalate (PET) during the polymer synthesis stage in the form of a suspension in ethylene glycol (one of the two mono-mers). The synthesis was carried out on a laboratory installation simulating the PET production technology at JSC Mogilevkhimvolokno. The suspension with nanoparticles was dosed into the reaction mixture in portions. The content of metal nanoparticles in the polymer was: 0.005 wt.%; 0.01 wt.%; 0.015 wt.%; 0.020 wt.%. This made it possible to distribute them evenly during the growth of macromolecules. The samples were obtained in the form of rods of solidified melt flowing out of a calibrated hole in the bottom of the reactor. The rods were crushed in a crusher to a size of about 2 mm. Then they were dried under vacuum (55 mm Hg) and at a temperature of 160 °С for 12 h. The dried samples were melted in an IRT XNR-400 set at a temperature of 270 °С under a load pressure of 325 g and pulled out of a calibration hole with a diameter of 2 mm and hardened into monofilaments. Next, the monofilaments were subjected to thermal drawing on a calender at 80 ºC to a drawing ratio of about 4.5 at a fixed tension. The resulting mono-filaments had a diameter of 0.08-0.09 mm and were subjected to further testing. Tests were carried out for deformation-strength properties and combustion resistance. A significant strengthening of monofilaments during nanomodification was established: by 35% with TiO2 nanoparticles and by 22% with ZnO nanoparticles (with their optimal content of 0.015 wt.%). In addition, a significant slowdown in the combustion of samples was noted: from 20 s to 1 s until self-extinguishing. Such an improvement in the most important performance properties of PET filaments is of great practical importance. At the same time, the increase in the cost of PET threads is insignificant due to ultra-small quantities (0.015 wt.%) of nanoparticles. A hypothesis has been proposed to explain the effect of nanoparticles on the properties of PET.
For citation:
Prokopchuk N.R., Lenartovich L.A., Vishnevskaya T.A., Khot'ko A.N. Nanoparticles of metal oxides – highly effective PET modifiers. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2025. V. 68. N 3. P. 104-112. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20256803.7122.
THERMODYNAMIC MODELING OF THE PROCESSES OF MOLECULAR LAYERING OF MoO3 ON β-CRISTOBALITE AND MONOLAYERS OF MoOX AND AlOX BY THE DFT METHOD: COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE REACTIONS OF MoOCl4 AND MoO2Cl2 WITH H2O
Authors: Gadjimuradov Sadrudin G. , Suleymanov Sagim I. , Maksumova Abay M. , Drozdov Yevgeniy O. , Abdulagatov Ilmutdin M. , Abdulagatov Aziz I.
Published: February 2025

In this work, quantum chemical modeling was applied to study the surface reactions of molecular layering of molybdenum (VI) oxide on the surface of β-cristobalite and amorphous monolayers of MoOx and AlOx on β-cristobalite using gaseous MoOCl4, MoO2Cl2, and H2O as reagents. Using the generalized gradient approximation method of density functional theory, the Gibbs energy changes of the molecular layering reactions (ΔG°) in the temperature range from 273.15 to 650.15 K were calculated. The calculations were carried out considering the aggregate state of the reacting substances — in the approximation of an ideal gas for gaseous substances and excluding the translational and rotational contributions for the solid phase components. According to the obtained data, the highest reactivity of the surface of the amorphous aluminum oxide monolayer on β-cristobalite is predicted in the considered temperature range. Additionally, it was found that the MoOCl4 compound has greater chemical activity compared to MoO2Cl2 towards the studied substrates. An explanation is provided for the absence of molybdenum oxide structure growth on the surface of β-cristobalite and the possible reasons for the higher reactivity of the aluminum oxide monolayer compared to the β-cristobalite surface and the amorphous MoOx monolayer. Our computational approach can generally aid in understanding the fundamental aspects of nucleation and growth of MoO3 films and mixed oxide materials like AlxMoyOz on various surfaces. Additionally, the vibrational mode frequencies in molybdenum-containing structures on the substrate surfaces were calculated in the anharmonic approximation: vSi-O-Mo = 901-1002 cm⁻1, vAl-O-Mo = 921-1015 cm⁻1, vMo-O-Mo = 716-889 cm⁻1, vMo=O = 972-1010 cm⁻1.
For citation:
Gadjimuradov S.G., Suleymanov S.I., Maksumova A.M., Drozdov Ye.O., Abdulagatov I.M., Abdulagatov A.I. Thermodynamic modeling of the processes of molecular layering of MoO3 on β-cristobalite and monolayers of MoOx and AlOx by the DFT method: comparative evaluation of the reactions of MoOCl4 and MoO2Cl2 with H2O. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2025. V. 68. N 3. P. 50-63. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20256803.7132.
THE SYNTHESIS Ag/Fe3O4 NANOPARTICLES USING GUAVA LEAF EXTRACT (PSIDIUM GUAJAVA L.) AND ITS APPLICATION FOR CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF METHYLENE BLUE AND RHODAMINE B
Authors: Duyen Vu Thi , Tac Dinh Van
Published: February 2025

This article presents a study on green synthesis Ag/Fe3O4 using guava leaf extract and its application for catalytic reduction of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) with NaBH4. The synthesized material was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), EDX spectroscopy, and SEM images. The results of analyzing the physicochemical properties of materials showed that the obtained material consisted of two nano-sized phases: Ag (d = 20 nm) and Fe3O4 (d = 12 nm). The synthesized material was used as a catalyst for the reduction of methylene blue and rhodamine B with NaBH4. It was shown that Ag/Fe3O4 material increases the reduction rate of methylene blue and rhodamine B by approximately 26.3 times and 57.8 times compared to without a catalyst. The results showed that the Fe3O4 phase acts as a carrier, determining the magnetism, while the Ag phase acts as the catalytic center, determining the catalytic activity of the material. The influence of synthesis conditions on the catalytic activity of Ag/Fe3O4 materials was studied. It was shown that Ag/Fe3O4 materials were synthesized under the following conditions: 12.5 g guava leaves/200 mL distilled water, extraction time: 20 min, extraction temperature: 70 °C, extract volume of 10 mL/50 mL of 5 mM AgNO3 solution at 40 °C for 30 min have the best catalytic activity. The reduction rate constants of methylene blue and rhodamine B with NaBH4 in the presence of Ag/Fe3O4 are 0.3534 min-1 and 0.4886 min-1, significantly higher than similar catalysts. The catalyst was recyclable for 3 catalytic cycles with a drop from 92.8% (91.6%) to 75.2% (74.5%) in the removal efficiency for MB (RhB).
For citation:
Vu Thi Duyen, Dinh Van Tac The synthesis Ag/Fe3O4 nanoparticles using guava leaf extract (Psidium guajava L.) and its application for catalytic reduction of methylene blue and rhodamine B. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2025. V. 68. N 4. P. 41-48. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20256804.7133.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING LAYERED PHOTOCATALYST BASED ON COMPOSITIONS OF MODIFIED TITANIUM DIOXIDE
Authors: Buzaev Aleksandr A. , Tkachuk Valeria A. , Staritsyna Daria N. , Gandybina Sofya V. , Borilo Lyudmila P.
Published: February 2025

In this work, we present a method for the preparation of Ag-SiO2-TiO2/TiO2-Ag layered structures having spherical shape and particle diameter in the range of 200-600 μm. These structures also possess mesopores ranging in size from 2 to 25 nm, which significantly increases their active surface area and, consequently, catalytic activity. Synthesis is carried out using a combination of sol-gel and templat methods, which allows to achieve high homogeneity and controllability of the obtained materials. By the method of thermal analysis the temperature regime of annealing of samples was selected, at which the spherical shape of particles is preserved: at heating rate of 10 °С/min at 220 °C - 30 min, 360 °C - 30 min, 500 °C - 30 min. Various methods, including X-ray diffraction analysis, micro-X-ray spectral analysis, X-ray struc-tural microanalysis, and scanning electron spectroscopy, were used for a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of the created materials. The phase composition of the obtained samples is represented by titanium dioxide in anatase madification and silver particles. These methods allow a detailed study of the structure and physicochemical properties of the catalysts. The photocatalytic properties were evaluated based on the decomposition of methyl orange in a model oxidation reaction under the influence of light radiation. Complete degradation of methyl orange on the surface of the obtained Ag-SiO2-TiO2/TiO2-Ag samples is achieved within 2 h. The obtained results showed that spherical layered Ag-SiO2-TiO2/TiO2-Ag structures demonstrate high efficiency in photooxidation processes, which opens new perspectives for their application in the field of ecology, wastewater treatment and various industrial processes.
For citation:
Buzaev A.A., Tkachuk V.A., Staritsyna D.N., Gandybina S.V., Borilo L.P. Method for producing layered photocatalyst based on compositions of modified titanium dioxide. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2025. V. 68. N 4. P. 49-58. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20256804.7143.
A REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF PHARMACEUTICALS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES
Authors: Jamur Jasim M. S.
Published: February 2025

One of the main causes for concern is the widespread presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment, which may be harmful to living things. They are often referred to as emerging chemical pollutants in water bodies because they are either still unregulated or undergoing regulation. Pharmaceutical pollution of the environment may have detrimental effects on ecosystem viability, human health, and water quality. In this study, the amount of remaining pharmaceutical compounds in environmental waters was determined using a straightforward review. Pharmaceutical production and consumption have increased due to medical advancements, leading to concerns about their environmental impact and potential harm to living things due to their increasing presence. Many nations now acknowledge that pharmaceutical pollution of the aquatic environment poses a threat to the environment. It is quite possible that some endocrine active drugs have effects at extremely low environmental concentrations because they exhibit very high biological potencies even at Wg/day doses. Sample preparation requires a number of procedures, including the filtration and extraction of pharmaceutical environmental waters, ND IT IS is a crucial step in environmental analysis. Pre-concentrate is used to prevent extraction inefficiencies caused by suspended solids. Several analytical techniques, such as hyphenated mass spectrometry and chromatography, have been used for the identification and determination of pharmaceuticals in environmental waters.
For citation:
Jasim M. S. Jamur A review of analytical methods for the analysis of pharmaceuticals in environmental samples. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2025. V. 68. N 4. P. 20-24. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20256804.7151.
Action IA : ensemble pour le développement et l’adoption responsable dans l’industrie - Synthèse de la journée
Authors: Plusquellec Pierrich , Nzeusseu Kouamou Lesly , Alle Alexandre , Chassigneux Cynthia , Congost Antoine , Cossette Marie-Pierre , Baniré Diallo Abdoulaye , Decelle Barbara , Jacquier Yves , Langlois Lyse , Marois Alexandre , T. Martineau Joé , Nguyen Anne , Sabourin Laflamme Andréane
Published: February 2025

Le 4 juin 2024, près d’une centaine de participants issus de divers horizons – industries, milieux académiques et organisations publiques – se sont réunis chez Ubisoft La Forge à Montréal pour participer à Action IA : Ensemble pour le développement et l’adoption responsable dans l’industrie. Organisée par la Direction scientifique de l’Obvia, responsable de la collaboration avec l’industrie, en partenariat avec Ubisoft La Forge, les Fonds de recherche du Québec (FRQ) et le Conseil de l’innovation du Québec (CIQ), cette journée avait pour objectif de faciliter un dialogue intersectoriel sur le déploiement responsable de l’intelligence artificielle (IA) dans différents secteurs industriels. L’événement a permis aux participants d’accéder à un réseau diversifié d’experts, de découvrir des outils innovants et d’échanger autour des bonnes pratiques favorisant un usage éthique et durable de l’IA. Ce document résume les moments forts de cette journée, en mettant en lumière les présentations, discussions et collaborations qui ont contribué à renforcer une communauté engagée pour un développement responsable de l’IA.
Ariá: um alimento de memória afetiva = Ya’î: nikâno ba’âro pehe tɨ’ó yã’â, wã’kûse.
Authors: Minev-Benzecry Eli , Vargas-Isla Ruby , Leite Laura , Sanches Silvio , Souza Alexandre , Lima Marly , Lago Maiana , Bruno Ana Carla , Batista Atmam , Brind Ariel Dotto , Ishikawa Noemia Kazue
Published: February 2025

No Amazonas, é comum usar a expressão “chibata” para se referir a algo muito bom1, algo que surpreende, que gera interesse ou traz benefícios. O termo está presente na fala popular de caboclos, ribeirinhos, quilombolas e indígenas das diferentes Amazônias – dos campos, rios, florestas e cidades.
E, é com o desafio de revelar as evidências científicas e ancestrais que fazem da Amazônia um universo biocultural único e surpreendente que surge a série ‘Amazônia Chibata’.
Composta por livros sobre a sociobiodiversidade da Amazônia, elaborados conjuntamente por escritores indígenas e não indígenas, a série foi pensada de forma colaborativa, em um contexto multicultural e multidisciplinar. A cada volume, um tema amazônico é abordado, explorando o uso de ilustrações, fotografias e textos em língua portuguesa, sempre com tradução para uma língua indígena.
O primeiro volume da série traz como tema “chibata” um alimento carregado de memórias afetivas: o ariá (Goeppertia allouia (Aubl.) Borchs. & S. Suárez, syn. Calathea allouia), um tubérculo cultivado na Amazônia e que, ao longo das últimas décadas, vem desaparecendo dos mercados e feiras da região.
É das lembranças da infância de ‘dona Nora’, avó materna do autor Eli Minev-Benzecry, que nasceu a iniciativa para a produção deste livro. Mais que resgatar a importância e a bagagem cultural de um alimento que já foi tão presente na rotina alimentar amazônica, esta obra pretende colaborar para o processo de ressignificação do ariá, fortalecendo o cultivo e o consumo de alimentos da região, e contribuindo para a geração de renda e a segurança alimentar das populações amazônicas.
Para esta estreia, a língua indígena escolhida foi a Ye’pâ-masâ (Tukano), uma das línguas indígenas cooficiais do município de São Gabriel da Cachoeira, na região do Alto Rio Negro, no Amazonas, onde o ariá é cultivado e consumido, sobretudo por comunidades indígenas.
O livro conta ainda com pratos elaborados com ariá por renomados chefs de cozinha da atualidade.
A tradução para o Tukano foi realizada por Rosilda Maria Cordeiro da Silva. O livro tem ilustrações de Hadna Abreu.
Ancient Universities of Bharat: Centers of Knowledge and Learning
Authors: T R Dr Manoj
Published: February 2025

Ancient Bharat, which is now known as India, was home to a number of illustrious educational institutions that made significant contributions to the development of education, philosophy, science, and culture through their contributions. This article investigates the historical context and relevance of a number of well-known ancient institutions, including Takshashila, Nalanda, Vikramshila, Vallabhi, Odantapuri, and Somapura Mahavihara, among others. From the sixth century BCE until the twelfth century CE, these institutions flourished, attracting intellectuals from all over the world and fostering an environment that encouraged intellectual exchange and invention. They provided instruction in a diverse variety of fields, including as philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and the fine arts, and they made significant contributions to these areas of study. Despite the fact that these universities eventually fell into disuse as a result of invasions and other socio-political causes, the legacy they left behind continues to have an impact on contemporary educational paradigms. These institutions laid the groundwork for higher education systems all around the world by placing an emphasis on interdisciplinary learning, interactions between teachers and students, and holistic development.
Penetrasi Konsep Hibah Sebagai Solusi Dalam Proses Pembagian Waris
Authors: Farid Diana , Abdulah Pakarti Muhammad Husni
Published: February 2025

An owner of property has the right to make grants to anyone, including his children, provided that the grant does not reduce the inheritance rights of other heirs. Grants that are given with the right conditions and fulfilled pillars are valid in law. However, there are restrictions in Islamic law regarding the granting of grants to heirs. This research aims to analyze the rights of heirs to grants and the limits of granting grants in Islamic law, Customary Law, and the Civil Code (BW), especially related to the protection of the rights of heirs. This research uses the literature study method by analyzing relevant legal sources, such as Islamic Law, Customary Law, and BW, to understand the provisions on grants and the division of inheritance. Grants given to heirs do not reduce their inheritance rights, as long as the grant does not exceed the stipulated limit, which is a maximum of 1/3 of the grantor's assets. This aims to protect the rights of heirs who could potentially be harmed by excessive grants. In addition, the principle of justice must be applied when grants are given to children or other heirs, to avoid imbalances in the distribution of inheritance. The maximum grant restrictions in Islamic Law, Customary Law, and BW aim to maintain the balance of heirs' rights and prevent harm to them. Although grants can strengthen relationships, it is important to comply with the legal limits to ensure that the rights of the heirs are not compromised. The existence of such restrictions also demonstrates the need for caution in making grants, especially when the grantor passes away and the distribution of the inheritance must be done.
Konsep Dan Metode Ijtihad Dalam Islam: Sumber Penting Dalam Pengembangan Hukum Islam
Authors: Imana Yudi , Sucipto Imam
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this research is to analyze the concept and method of ijtihad in Islam as an important source in the development of Islamic law. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach with a literature review of various classical and contemporary sources that discuss ijtihad, including books, scientific articles, and other scientific works. The results show that ijtihad is an intellectual effort made by a mujtahid to produce new laws based on the interpretation of the Qur'an and Hadith when no clear provisions are found in the two sources. The ijtihad method consists of various approaches, such as qiyas (analogy), istihsan (legal preference), and istislah (general maslahah). Ijtihad plays an important role in the adaptation of Islamic law to changing times, as well as providing space for legal novelty in dealing with contemporary issues. This study concludes that ijtihad is not only a legal method, but also a dynamic mechanism that allows the development of Islamic law in accordance with the needs of society.
Nikah Sirri Perspektif Hukum Positif Indonesia Dan Hukum Islam
Authors: Salsabila Fajrina Dhia , Alfi Syahri Vanda Kamila , Hamidah Tutik , Saiban Kasuwi
Published: February 2025

The implementation of Marriage Act No. 1/1974, which was later amended by Act No. 16/2019, and its various provisions, led to the emergence of the phenomenon of nikah siri. Nikah siri is a marriage that takes place in secret and is not registered in accordance with the provisions of the current Marriage Law. This research will include an in-depth analysis of 1) An explanation of nikah siri according to Indonesian positive law and Islamic law. 2) The legal status and criminal sanctions of nikah sirri under Indonesian positive law and Islamic law. This research is normative in nature with a comparative approach to analyse the crime of nikah sirri by comparing Indonesian positive law and Islamic law. The data collected will be analysed descriptively and comparatively to identify the similarities, differences and legal implications of the crime of nikah sirri in the two perspectives. Therefore, it is hoped that this research can increase understanding of the phenomenon and make a positive contribution to our knowledge of the dynamics of human relationships in the context of hidden marriages.
Quantitative Research: Data Collection and Data Analysis for Beginner Researcher in Discussion
Authors: Herwanis Delfia , Alianur Mudfar , Maulida  , Nasir Khairun
Published: February 2025

This article is a comprehensive summary of the fundamental components of quantitative research design, specifically designed to cater to researchers who are new to the field. Quantitative research is a methodical and structured technique of investigation that utilizes numerical data and statistical analysis in order to address research inquiries and evaluate hypotheses. Although it may appear intimidating to individuals who are new to the field, this summary provides an overview of the essential stages and factors necessary to commence a profitable quantitative research endeavor. The writing commences by highlighting the significance of a precisely formulated research inquiry and hypothesis, underscoring the necessity for lucidity and precision. This emphasizes the relevance of doing a comprehensive literature evaluation to inform the design of the study and the value of choosing a suitable research methodology. For those who are new to the field, this frequently entails the utilization of surveys, experiments, or the examination of pre-existing datasets. The subsequent section delineates the essential components of study design, encompassing the formulation of a research plan, the creation of data gathering tools, and the utilization of sampling methodologies. The importance of ethical issues and the acquisition of informed permission from participants is underscored. The significance of conducting pilot tests on the research instruments to establish their validity and reliability is also emphasized in the research or study. In conclusion, this writing offers novice researchers a succinct outline of the fundamental elements comprising quantitative research design. This resource provides a valuable foundation for individuals initiating quantitative research endeavors, providing assistance in navigating the essential stages and factors involved in undertaking substantial and methodical research.
Pengaturan Tentang Tanggung Jawab Pidana Pelaku Pengidap Gangguan Jiwa Yang Melakukan Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan(Tinjauan Terhadap Hukum Pidana Positif di Indonesia)
Authors: Hidayati Annisa
Published: February 2025

In accordance with the principle of the rule of law, every person who commits a criminal offense must be held accountable. However, criminal law as stipulated in Article 44 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code that a mentally disturbed person who commits the crime of murder is juridically normative to eliminate his guilt so that he is free from criminal responsibility. However, Article 44 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code does not clearly define how a person with mental disorder actually is, and this problem requires legal certainty. Therefore, this study aims to determine the criteria for a person with mental disorder as referred to in Article 44 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code and the responsibility of a person with mental disorder who commits the crime of murder. This research uses normative legal research, namely research on secondary data in the form of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials collected through literature studies. Then the legal materials are processed and analyzed descriptively qualitative. The results showed that Article 44 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code does not clearly determine the criteria for a person suffering from mental disorders. Then in principle, a person with mental illness who commits the crime of murder cannot be held criminally responsible, because his guilt is forgiven according to Article 44 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code.
Perspektif Hukum Islam Terhadap Perlindungan Data Pribadi Di Era Digital
Authors: Damayanti Desy , Naziha Rahma Hasna , Surahman Cucu
Published: February 2025

The current digital era raises global issues on personal data protection, with many personal data leaks and weak legal frameworks. This research aims to explore the application of Islamic law to personal data protection by identifying challenges and opportunities. Descriptive qualitative method is used in this research to find out how Islamic values can be integrated in the legal framework of personal data protection. By collecting data through literature review and interviews, this study shows that the principles of Islamic law (maqasid al- sharia), emphasizing individual and public good provide a strong ethical and legal basis for the protection of personal data. However, integration with modern legal systems faces challenges, including low public awareness and technological gaps. Islamic legal principles such as hifzh al-'irdh and sadd dzari'ah have the potential to improve data protection policies, ensure fairness, and prevent harm in the digital age. The application of these principles offers a unique approach to creating a safer and more ethical digital culture. Islamic law provides an important contribution to the development of adaptive, ethical and comprehensive data protection policies, by encouraging collaboration between governments, communities and individuals.
Redefining the business value of healthcare infrastructure investment: Introducing plant operating cost correlation coefficients and infrastructure renewal metrics to demonstrate an ROI in reducing deferred maintenance
Authors: Smith Clayton , Mochel Mark
Published: February 2025

Healthcare organisations face continuous pressure to effectively manage expenses and improve profit margins while meeting the growing demands in the communities they serve. In parallel, the infrastructure is getting older, with deferred maintenance statistics showing that a significant number of US hospitals and the associated mechanical, electrical and plumbing assets required to safely operate those facilities have exceeded industry expected useful life and should be considered for replacement. The data further suggest that without intervention, this ageing trend will continue well into the next decade. Healthcare organisations must also consider hardening facilities against natural disasters and cyber-security threats, improving energy efficiency, reducing carbon emissions and reimagining the role of the facility itself in the future of healthcare. In some cases, these considerations are discretionary, while in others may be mandatory as part of legislative or regulatory requirements. Nevertheless, these requirements create a perfect storm of conflicting financial priorities that will challenge the entire industry for years to come. In the face of these ongoing challenges, traditional methods of budgeting and forecasting may no longer suffice. This paper will define the concept of asset-driven budgeting and introduce plant operating cost correlation coefficients and infrastructure renewal metrics to demonstrate a positive return on investment (ROI) in reducing deferred maintenance. Why? Looking past traditional US$/sq ft metrics, it is important to recognise that the primary cost drivers in any facility are the existing and installed assets themselves, the asset densities required for different service lines and occupancy types, and the age/ design/layout of the facility itself. Without transformational levels of investment to address deferred maintenance and alter the current state of the legacy infrastructure, it can be difficult to achieve anything other than incremental efficiency gains. With infrastructure investment, Risk of Inaction = ROI = Return on Investment.
Insulating Bodmin Jail: Preserving history with modern solutions
Authors: Brown Adam
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the challenges and solutions involved in restoring a historic landmark while integrating modern thermal efficiency and moisture management techniques. It addresses Bodmin Jail’s architectural heritage and the complexities inherent in conserving its structure, including managing moisture within thick masonry walls and selecting materials compatible with the building’s historic fabric. The paper emphasises the importance of traditional lime mortars and insulation renders, designed to balance thermal performance and moisture control in an exposed environment. The reader will gain insights into conservation strategies that combine traditional and innovative methods, particularly for historic buildings subject to harsh environmental conditions. The paper offers practical knowledge on selecting compatible materials, understanding moisture dynamics within masonry and applying insulating renders in a conservation context. Additionally, readers can expect to learn about the analytical processes used to develop mortars and renders that meet both aesthetic and performance requirements, reinforcing the principles of sympathetic restoration.
Dinamismo de nuevas empresas y clusters naturales: evidencia de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco, 1993-1999
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Morales Lilian , Peña Iñaki ,   Universidad de Deusto
Published: February 2025

El objetivo de este estudio es el de analizar los patrones que caracterizan el dinamismo empresarial en la CAPV durante el periodo comprendido entre los años 1993 y 1999. Nuestro estudio empírico sobre la población total de establecimientos revela que las tasas de entradas y salidas ofrecen comportamientos similares a las de otros países avanzados. Un análisis más concienzudo sobre en qué sectores y zonas geográficas se alcanzan los mayores índices de generación neta de establecimientos nos ha permitido identificar la existencia de un cluster natural que actúa como motor de desarrollo de la economía vasca.
La clusterización de la actividad económica: Concepto, diseño e innovación. Apuntes para su aplicación en la estrategia competitiva de Euskadi
Authors:   Gobierno Vasco, Azua Jon
Published: February 2025

El artículo explica la positiva proliferación de iniciativas asociables a conceptos de «Clusterización de la actividad económica» a lo largo y ancho del mundo; pone el acento en la necesidad de conferir un objetivo para la orientación de estos instrumentos que no es otro que la mejora competitiva del espacio (ciudad región área) en que se desarrolla y contempla la totalidad de elementos que conforman un cluster (diferenciándolo del instrumento «gestor o facilitador» que se utilice). Finalmente, utiliza el caso de la Competitividad en Euskadi (País Vasco) para aproximarse a recomendaciones en cuanto a la optimización del actual sistema o red de clusters y a la generación de nuevos instrumentos para el logro de una estrategia «completa» generadora de una plataforma competitiva. El ejemplo y recomendaciones permiten su generalización a otros espacios.
ANEXO: Información individualizada sobre las agrupaciones cluster de la CAPV
Authors:   Universidad de Deusto, Aranguren Mari José , Navarro Itziar ,   Universidad de Deusto
Published: February 2025

Este documento recoge información individualizada de cada una de las Agrupaciones Cluster existentes en la CAPV. Se ha elaborado a partir de la información disponible en sus páginas webs, publicaciones y documentos internos y se ha completado con aportaciones realizadas por los directores de cada agrupación cluster, a los cuales agradecemos su valiosa colaboración. El documento ha servido de base para la reflexión que sobre los clusters de la CAPV se presenta en el artículo "La política de clusters en la CAPV: una primera valoración", publicado en este mismo número 53 de Ekonomiaz.
Crisis y reconversión de la industria de construcción naval en el País Vasco
Authors:   Universidad del País Vasco, Valdaliso Jesús Mª
Published: February 2025

Los astilleros vascos, que habían vivido una edad dorada durante los años del desarrollismo gracias a la protección y los subsidios del Estado, tuvieron que afrontar a partir de 1974 el impacto de la crisis del transporte marítimo y los desafíos de la incorporación a la Comunidad Económica Europea. El proceso de reconversión, efectuado durante el decenio de 1980, redujo la capacidad productiva, el número y tamaño de los establecimientos y el empleo, sin un gran coste social, pero no solucionó el problema de la escasa competitividad del sector frente a los astilleros asiáticos. La integración plena en la CEE a partir de 1990 y la subordinación a la política comunitaria han desencadenado una segunda reconversión en el sector, protagonizada por los pequeños y medianos astilleros, que ha reducido aún más las cifras de capacidad productiva y empleo y su importancia relativa en el conjunto de la industria vasca. A diferencia de la primera, no obstante, el cambio en las estrategias de producción y comercialización ha permitido a los pequeños astilleros afrontar con relativo éxito el reto de la competitividad internacional.
'Evolución reciente de las pymes vascas
Authors:   Universidad del País Vasco, Rodríguez Castellanos Arturo , Saiz Santos María ,   Universidad del País Vasco, Matey de Antonio Jesús ,   Universidad del País Vasco
Published: February 2025

El tejido empresarial vasco ha experimentado en las últimas décadas profundas transformaciones: de una situación con predominio de la gran industria, localizada preferentemente en Bizkaia, se ha pasado a la preponderancia del sector servicios, con un protagonismo creciente de la pyme. El objeto de este trabajo es analizar la evolución reciente de las pymes en el País Vasco desde una perspectiva económico-empresarial, estableciendo las causas de su progresiva preponderancia y del éxito alcanzado por muchas de ellas. En primer lugar se analiza la transformación del entorno económico-empresarial vasco en las últimas décadas, como paso previo al examen de la evolución de las pymes en dicho marco durante la misma época. A continuación se presentan los diversos programas de apoyo público a estas empresas. Por último se identifican las características de gestión de las pymes vascas de éxito, proponiendo un «modelo de gestión de las pymes vascas excelentes».
El sistema de innovación en Euskadi
Authors:   INGENIO, Fernández de Lucio Ignacio
Published: February 2025

En el presente artículo el autor ofrece su opinión sobre la situación del sistema vasco de innovación describiendo el papel que debería realizar la administración pública de la Comunidad Autónoma Vasca y las claves a tener en cuenta para asegurar el éxito en el diseño y despliegue de su política regional de innovación. Además analiza las actuales y futuras políticas de innovación a escala europea y explica el tipo de colaboración que se debe dar entre los diferentes niveles (regional, nacional y europeo) de la administración pública para lograr una actuación eficiente.
ಕೊಂಕ್ಣಿ ಭಾಸ್: ಕಾಲ್, ಆಜ್ ಆನಿ ಫಾಲ್ಯಾಂ- ಏಕ್ ಚಿಂತಪ್
Authors: Fernandes Valerian
Published: February 2025

ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ್ ಎಕಾ ಭಾಶೆಚಿ ಹಾಡಾವಳ್ (Skeleton) ಮ್ಹಣ್ತಾತ್. ಭಾಸ್ ರಚ್ಣುಕೆಂತ್ ವ್ಯಾಕರಣಾಚೊ ಪಾತ್ರ್ ಕಿತೆಂ ಮ್ಹಳ್ಳ್ಯಾಕ್ ಯೆದೊಳ್ ಸರ್ವಾಂನಿ ಮಾಂದ್ಚಿ ಸಂಪಿ ಜಾಪ್ ಮೆಳೊನಾ ತರೀ, `ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ್ ಕಿತ್ಲ್ಯಾ ಮಾಪಾನ್ ಕಲಾಗೀ ತಿತ್ಲ್ಯಾಚ್ ಮಾಪಾನ್ ವಿಗ್ಯಾನ್' ಮ್ಹಣ್ತಾತ್ ಭಾಶೆ ಪಂಡಿತ್. ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತಾಂವಾಂನಿ ಉಲಂವ್ಚ್ಯಾ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣೆಚೆಂಚ್ ಯೆದೊಳ್ ಪ್ರಾಮಾಣಿಕರಣ್ ಜಾಂವ್ಕ್ ನಾ, ಕಿತ್ಯಾಕ್ ಹಾಂಗಾಸರ್ಯಿಪ `ಸಾರ್ಕಿ ಖಂಚಿ, ಖಂಚಿ ಚೂಕಿಚಿ?' ಮ್ಹಳ್ಳ್ಯಾಚೊ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ್ ವಾ, ಸರ್ವ್ ಬೊಲಿಂಚ್ಯಾ ಸಹಮಿಲನಾಚಿ ಪ್ರಾಮಾಣಿಕೃತ್ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣಿ ಯೆದೊಳ್ ಘಡೊನ್ ಹಾಡುಂಕ್ ನಾ ಜಾಲ್ಲ್ಯಾನ್, ಸಮಗ್ರ್ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣೆಚ್ಯಾ ವಾಡಾವಳಿಕ್ ಹಿ ಏಕ್ ಹರ್ಕತ್ ತಶೆಂ ಭೊಗ್ತಾ. ಅಸಲ್ಯಾ ಸಂದಿಗ್ದ್ ಸಂದರ್ಭಾರ್ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣಿ ಭಾಶೆಚ್ಯಾ ಫುಡಾರಾವಿಶಿಂ ಚಿಂತಪ್ ಆಟಂವ್ಚೆಂ ಲೇಖನ್ ಹೆಂ. ವಾಚಾ.
A Holistic Approach to Student Well-being: Balancing Health and Academic Success for Students Living Abroad
Authors: Tahir Saira , Tahir Zunaira , Asghar Ayesha , Ashiq Nida , Ahmed Haseeb , Qammar Attia , Azam Ali , Ahmed Ammar
Published: February 2025

This study explores the challenges encountered by students living abroad as they struggle to reconcile their academic responsibilities with maintaining their mental, emotional and physical health. This article emphasizes the significance of implementing a health-oriented and well-structured routine. A practical and easy-to-implement approach was proposed to assist students living abroad in balancing their tiresome academic journey with a healthy and organic lifestyle. The aspects related to corporal and cognitive health, stress and time management, and psychological well-being were considered while developing an optimal everyday schedule for international students combatting cultural, linguistic, educational and social discrepancies beyond borders. The authors experimentally implemented the proposed framework in a case study. As a result, a significant total body weight loss of 16 kg was achieved within four months to get rid of obesity. Other benefits included alleviated levels of anxiety, stress, hypertension, hair loss and visual impairment-related issues. To conclude, this multidisciplinary investigation aims to contribute to the existing literature on social sciences and sustainable cognitive health practices for overseas students.
The Spherical Earth: Zetetic Study: Criticism of Pseudo-Scientific, Pseudo-Rational Concepts and Philosophical Positions Induced by the Theory of Globism
Authors: HIPE Serend , LE KERVINEC Jean-Bart
Published: February 2025

Depending on the earth’s dynamics, lithodiskoid plattes deform and generate numerous geological phenomena which include, among others, the formation of mountain ranges and the occurrence of earthquakes. In order to understand the ins and outs of this dynamic, commonly called platte tectonics, it is fundamental to characterize the rock deformation mechanisms which occur under the pressure and temperature conditions of the lithodisk.
TEACHER’S PERCEPTION ON THE COMPONENTS OF ECONOMICS CURRICULUM: A PEDAGOGICAL DETERMINANT FOR INSTRUCTIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
Authors: AHMED SHEHU  , ABDULWAHAB MUHAMMAD
Published: February 2025

This study investigated teachers’ perception on the components of economics curriculum at the level of secondary school in Bauchi Educational zone. The study has five objectives, research questions and five null hypotheses. The study employed a descriptive survey design. All the economics teachers (113) in the population were selected as samples based on census sampling techniques. An instrument titled “Teachers’ Perception on Economics Curriculum Questionnaire” (TPNECQ) with 35 items measured on a five-point Likert scale was adopted, validated and used for data collection. The instrument was pilot tested and yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.766. To determine differences among the economics teachers, the research hypotheses were tested using one-sample t-test with the help of SPSS version 20.0 at a significance level of 0. 05. Generally, the results of the study indicated that null hypotheses 1 and 5 were accepted. While null hypotheses 2, 3 and 4 were rejected. Based on the findings and conclusions of the study, some recommendations were proffered.
EFFECT OF PROCESSING TECHNIQUES ON PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF WHOLE EGG POWDERS DRIVED FROM DIFFERENT POULTRY BREEDS
Authors: ZUBAIRU. I  , A. M. UMAR  , AMIN, A. B.  , A. MOHAMMED  , S. H. NUHU  , ABDULRAZK, N.
Published: February 2025

Egg is a nutrient dense food. The cyclical egg glut characterized by egg spoilage, quality deterioration and wastage imparts negatively on poultry farmers. Powdered dried egg provides a convenient alternative to this problem. This study was aimed to evaluate egg powder from ISA Brawn (T1), Local chicken (T2) and Noiler (T3) using Spray Dried (SDWEP), Freeze Dried (FDWEP) and Dehydrator Dried (DDWEP) methods. A total of 720 were eggs obtained from T1, T2 and T3, comprising of 240 eggs from each of the breed 30 eggs of each species was used for SDWEP, DDWEP and SDWEP where 10 eggs were used for each of the method. The process were replicated eight times at two weeks interval using 3x3 Factorial design RCBD. Data obtained from proximate composition, mineral analysis, microbial load and functional properties were analyzed using ONE-WAY ANOVA statistical model. Means were separated using LSD (SAS 1999-2000). Data obtained from sensory evaluation were analyzed using Non-parametric method. Results showed that higher value of crude protein was obtained from DDWEP (50.67%), while least value was obtained in SDWEP (48.97%). T3 had higher values in phosphorus (92.28mg/100g) and potassium (123.6mg/100g). Calcium (33.5mg/100g)). SDWEP had higher Non-coliform count (0.43cfu/g) Total-coliform count where negative across all the processing methods. T3 was significantly (P<0.05) higher than other treatments. SDWEP and DDWEP for egg powder production are effective and can be adopted by consumers. It is concluded that Production of egg powder with the aid of FDWEP, DDWEP and SDWEP was established.
INSTITUTIONAL CARE FOR THE ELDERLY IN NIGERIA: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ACTIVITIES OF SHAHUCI OLD PEOPLES’ HOME, KANO STATE
Authors: YA’U HARUNA USMAN  , LAMI MUHAMMAD SHETTIMA  , KOLO ALFA IDRIS
Published: February 2025

This paper try to highlight the activities of Shahuci-Yakasai older peoples home and range of institutional care that supposed to be given since older persons have a range of care needs. Therefore concept of aged Person, Needs of Institutional Care, Care of the Old People, Activities of Shahuci Old People’s Home, forms of Institutional Care provided to older People were all discussed. In addition a recommendation was made which include:  government and stakeholders should develop positive attitudes towards the policies concerning older people welfare. Specific needs of the elderly deserve a specific attention which in turns necessitate the need of trained personnel and expertise to handle them. The paper concluded that there are many inmate, institutional care needs at the older peoples’ home. These needs should be identified and supported through appropriate means.
Radicalization as a growing tree: An examination from seeds to production
Authors: Idrees Faiza , Huda Dr. Noor-ul-
Published: February 2025

Radicalization and terrorism usually, are overlapped but in fact, both are different concepts. In this paper, by looking with deep eye at academic and institutional definitions of radicalization, it is clarified that radicalization often, leads to terrorism but itself is not terrorism. It is speculated that radicalization always exists in violent form but contemporary forms of radicalization explicate that it can be either violent or nonviolent. However, radicalization is a dynamic process that gradually forces the individuals or groups to adopt violent behavior. This article expounds, radicalization grows bit by bit as tree of which the seeds are fundamentalism, radicalism, and extremism and its ultimate fruit is terrorism. This research also examines that radicalization does not exist in single form and does not work with one strategy. It has multiple mechanisms which remain activated at individual, group, and mass level to stimulate the people towards violent actions. The meticulous study raises the basic question that how radicalization leads people towards the path of violence? To find the answer of this inquiry inductive methodology is availed by the researcher.
О ПРЕЕМСТВЕННОСТИ ПОГРЕБАЛЬНОГО ОБРЯДА ЭЙЛАТАНСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ
Authors: Абдуллаев Бахтиёр
Published: February 2025

Представлены итоги сопоставительного анализа конструктивных решений могильников эпо-хи бронзы и раннего железа в ракурсе результатов археологических исследований памятникаХанабад-1. Выявлены отличительные черты традиций захоронений кочевых и земледельче-ских культур Ферганы эпохи бронзы. Несмотря на наличие основных критериев погребальнойобрядности эйлатанской культуры, впервые для этой культуры выявлен комплекс богато ор-наментированной лепной расписной керамики, где отмечены специфически земледельческиеузоры. Специфика сооружений могил и в основном обряда погребений соответствует недо-статочно хорошо изученным могильникам эйлатанской культуры в западной и юго-западнойФергане, но при этом очень близка традициям захоронений кочевых культур эпохи бронзы.Несомненно, особый интерес представляет и то, что именно на востоке долины выявлена мо-гила со скорченным трупоположением, свойственным для эпохи поздней бронзы. Также намогильнике Ханабад-1 зафиксированы кенотафы, что было характерно кочевым племенампредыдущего периода. Данные результаты полевых исследований позволяют утверждать, чтоносители могильника Ханабад-1, представлявшие восточный вариант эйлатанской культуры,являлись преемниками кочевой кайраккумской культуры
Liberali ar mišri demokratija? Piliečių grupių demokratijos sampratos Lietuvoje
Authors: Imbrasaitė Jūratė
Published: February 2025

Piliečių pasitenkinimas demokratija ir politinis pritarimas yra svarbūs užtikrinant demokratijos stabilumą ir ilgaamžiškumą šalyje. Piliečių demokratijos sampratos formuoja lūkesčius demokratijos atžvilgiu ir gali turėti poveikį demokratijos rėmimui šalyje. Straipsnio tikslas – nustatyti kokios demokratijos sampratos būdingos Lietuvos piliečiams ir kokie veiksniai turi poveikį piliečių demokratijos sampratoms Lietuvoje. Atlikus Europos socialinės apklausos (2022) duomenų latentinę klasių analizę, buvo išskirtos keturios skirtingos demokratijos sampratų konfigūracijos (liberali, mišri, socialinė populistinė, minimali). Piliečių demokratijos sampratų konfigūracijos statistiškai reikšmingai susijusios su amžiumi, išsilavinimu, pajamomis, emancipacinėmis vertybėmis, tarpasmeniniu pasitikėjimu, religingumu ir domėjimusi politika.