bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efecto del tiempo de maduración postmortem sobre la calidad sensorial de la carne de corderos corriedale y cruza
Authors: Bianchi G. , Bentancur O. , Garibotto G. , Feed O. , Franco J. , Señudo C.
Published: January 2023

Se estudió el efecto del tipo genético (corderos Corriedale puros y cruza Hampshire Down x Corriedale) y del tiempo de maduración (1, 2, 4, 8 ó 16 días) sobre la calidad sensorial ( prueba de consumidores) de la carne (músculos: Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus y Gluteo biceps) de 50 corderos con un peso canal de 17.7± 2.3 kg. Los consumidores detectaron diferencias en la terneza atribuibles al genotipo y al tipo de músculo. La carne de los corderos Corriedale resultó más tierna (escala: 1-10) que las de los cruza, sólo con 1 día de maduración (5.90 vs 5.38, respectivamente; p≤0.05). A su vez, la carne del músculo Semitendinosus resultó más tierna, de mejor sabor y en definitiva más aceptable que la carne proveniente del músculo Semimembranosus (p≤0.01), presentando la carne del músculo Gluteo biceps valores intermedios. La interacción tipo de músculo x tiempo de maduración resultó altamente significativa (p≤0.0001) para todos los atributos evaluados por los consumidores. Las diferencias en todos los atributos de la carne evaluados por los consumidores entre los diferentes músculos tendieron a disminuir (terneza) o bien desaparecieron (calidad de sabor y aceptabilidad), conforme avanzaba la maduración. Estos resultados sugieren que el efecto de la maduración postmortem a 4o C sobre la calidad sensorial de la carne de cordero es -al menos- tan importante como las diferencias entre músculos disímiles, pudiendo sobreponerse a ellas y homogeneizar productos que en un principio son diferentes.
KWESTIA SŁUŻBY CYWILNEJ W ADMINISTRACJI SAMORZĄDOWEJ – PORAŻKI I ZANIECHANIA OKRESU III RP
Authors: Wojnicki Jacek
Published: January 2023

The subject of the analysis is the issue of the legitimacy of introducing the civil service model in Polish local government administration. Local self-government authorities have been functioning in Poland since the Second Polish Republic (baseding in this respect on various regulations of the partitioning states and France from the period of the Duchy of Warsaw and the validity of the Napoleonic Code). In the too “pink” and overly optimistic perception of the model of Polish local government, attention should be paid to the areas of omissions and visible failures. For such a failure in the light of the functioning of the territorial self-governments of the Second Polish Republic was the failure to establish voivodeship selfgovernments (apart from two units from the former Prussian and German partitions) and the failure to extend the state civil service (according to the model from February 1922) from state administration to self-government administration. Especially after 1994 (the second self-government election), we had to deal with a kind of appropriation of self-government administration structures by strengthening political parties and local coterie centered around village heads or mayors.
DRYF POPULACYJNY POLSKICH MIAST – PERSPEKTYWA PRZYWÓDZTWA MIEJSKIEGO
Authors: Żabiński Michał , Mazur Stanisław , Bober Jarosław
Published: January 2023

Depopulation is a fundamental problem of the local governments in highly developed countries. The article presents the results of the research into the perception of this phenomenon in Poland. In the introduction, theoretical determinants of the problem of the “shrinking” of cities were indicated. Then, the process of depopulation in Poland was discussed, based on the analysis of strategic documents of the selected cities (64), particularly those at risk of depopulation. The text ends with the conclusions of the research. The added value of the article is presentation of the local government’s perspective.
SŁUŻBA CYWILNA W POLICJI
Authors: Misiuk Andrzej , Babiński Aleksander Cezary
Published: January 2023

The hundredth anniversary of establishment of the civil service in Poland provides an excellent opportunity to discuss it. In this article, it was done primarily in order to present the civil service in the Police. This was preceded by showing the status of the civilian employees of the Police even before the regulations allowing the functioning of the civil service were introduced. The presentation of the civil service in the Police includes the description of the background of historical events accompanying the establishment of the Police, as well as the description of the civil service itself was. The primary desire was indicated to build both institutions as part of the state’s administrative apparatus, fulfilling its servant role towards the society. The next part of the article presents changes that occur in the created civil service as a result of the successive legal acts, which are a consequence of changes on the political scene. This picture shows the possibility of applying these acts to the functioning of the civil service in the Police, at the same time pointing to the imperfection of the adopted solutions. The subsequent part of the article is devoted to the status of the civil service in the Police. Figures were presented showing the involvement of the civil service in the implementation of the Police tasks. Conclusions from the presented content are formulated at the end.
LOBBING W ADMINISTRACJI PUBLICZNEJ W CZASACH COVID-19
Authors: Czub Jarosław Filip
Published: January 2023

The main purpose of this article is to show the forms of lobbying utilized by interest groups in the times of COVID-19 (ex-ante, ongoing, ex-post). A comparative approach was adopted to the forms of influence used in the pre-COVID and post-COVID times. In addition, the article discusses the articulated forms of influence and verifies the impact evolving from the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic used by interest groups towards public administration. The analysis was carried out aimed at a predictive look at the forms of influence used in relation to the current postpandemic situation, which are used by interest groups in lobbying campaigns in relations with decision-makers in public administration. In addition to the theoretical dimensions, practical insight are also offered into the functioning of interest groups through the presented sets of tools for lobbying campaign and exerting influence on public authorities.
ORGANIZACYJNO-PRAWNE I SYSTEMOWE KONSEKWENCJE WYROKU TRYBUNAŁU KONSTYTUCYJNEGO Z DNIA 15 CZERWCA 2011 R. (K 2/09) W KONTEKŚCIE MOŻLIWOŚCI FUNKCJONOWANIA KORPUSU SŁUŻBY CYWILNEJ W URZĘDZIE KOMISJI NADZORU FINANSOWEGO
Authors: Jastrzębski Jacek , Mroczka Kamil
Published: January 2023

The main aim of this article is to analyze the organizational, legal, and systemic implications of the judgement of the Constitutional Tribunal in the context of the possibility that a civil service corps functions in the Polish Financial Supervision Authority (PFSA). The authors put forward and substantiate the thesis that the ruling of the Constitutional Tribunal definitely closed the possibility of establishing a civil service corps in the Polish Financial Supervision Authority, which resulted in significant legal and organizational consequences, both positive and negative. Firstly, it increases the flexibility of human resources management processes in the financial market supervisory authority, and thus permits to enhance the attractiveness of the employment. Secondly, it limits the possibility of interference by the representatives of the executive branch, such as the Prime Minister, in the substantive activities of the staff, as the Prime Minister is not their constitutional chief. Thirdly, closing the possibility of establishing a civil service corps in PFSA, while failing to establish other quality and independence assurances concerning employees of this institution, may negatively affect the quality of the functioning of the state in a holistic approach. As a result of the conducted analysis, it has been established that the systemic and legal status of the PFSA is characterized by a significant level of independence and autonomy. In the opinion of the authors, it is greater than in the case of other regulatory bodies which are also defined in law as central bodies of government administration. The authors also agree with the standpoint of the Constitutional Tribunal, which stated that the KNF Board is a public administration body functioning outside the structures of government administration. Therefore, there is no possibility for a civil service to exist in the PFSA.
ADMINISTRARE – BYĆ POMOCNYM. SPOŁECZNA PERCEPCJA WYBRANYCH ROZWIĄZAŃ ZDEFINIOWANYCH W USTAWIE Z DNIA 12 MARCA 2022 R. O POMOCY OBYWATELOM UKRAINY W ZWIĄZKU Z KONFLIKTEM ZBROJNYM NA TERYTORIUM TEGO PAŃSTWA ORAZ INNYCH DZIAŁAŃ DOTYCZĄCYCH TEJ PROBLEMATYKI
Authors: Staniszewski Robert Miron
Published: January 2023

In the article, the author attempts to reconstruct the social perception of assistance provided to refugees from Ukraine in relation to selected solutions defined in the Act of 12 March 2022 on assistance to Ukrainian citizens in connection with the armed conflict on the territory of this country (Journal of Laws of 2022, item 583) and other activities related to this issue. The analysis is based on the results of a public opinion poll which was conducted from 30 April to 30 May 2022 on a nationwide sample of people aged 16-65 (N=380). Considerations are conducted in reference to the meaning of the term administrare – “to be helpful”.
O PRAWNYCH I POZAPRAWNYCH POWODACH ODSTĄPIENIA OD PUBLICZNOPRAWNEGO MODELU SŁUŻBY CYWILNEJ
Authors: Drobny Wojciech
Published: January 2023

The article explores reasons of the abandonment by the Polish legislator of the public law model of the civil service. The discussed reasons were classified into two categories: normative and non-normative premises. The first group discusses the impact of international law on the activities of the Polish legislator and the disproportionately large number of publications on the doctrine of labor law as compared to the administrative law. In the second category, three groups of impact on the legislator’s activities are discussed, i.e. the political perspective (here: systemic, point-based, and episodic impact), clerical, and social perspectives. In conclusion, a return to public-law solutions is proposed.
WYNAGRADZANIE CZŁONKÓW KORPUSU SŁUŻBY CYWILNEJ
Authors: Moroń Dorota
Published: January 2023

Civil service is a key human resource for government administration. Members of the civil service corps are responsible for the professional, reliable, impartial, and politically neutral performance of state tasks. Requirements in terms of qualifications and the scope of tasks in civil service should be correlated with an adequately high remuneration. The aim of the article is to analyse the renumeration of the members of civil service corps from the legal perspective and administration practices. The article presents legal issues related to the regulation of civil service remuneration and the results of the performed analysis of payments. It has been shown that legal regulations do not ensure adequate payment for functionaries and enable a significant diversification of remuneration of people in similar positions.
KARY DYSCYPLINARNE W USTAWIE O RADCACH PRAWNYCH. PRÓBA ANALIZY SYSTEMOWEJ
Authors: Kulik Marek
Published: January 2023

The study concerns the system of disciplinary penalties in the Act of 6 July 1982 on attorney-at-law (Journal of Laws of 2020, item 75, as amended). The Act provides for the penalties of admonitions, reprimands, fines, suspension or revoking of law practicing or trainee’s rights, as well as the prohibition of patronage. Apart from penalties, additional measures may be imposed which act as penal measures known to criminal law. The normative status of both is not clear in the constitutional sense. Undoubtedly, they are repressive in nature, although due to the imprecise definition of a disciplinary tort, they may raise objections from the point of view of the rules of nullum crimen and nulla poena sine lega. Both the axiological structure of the catalog of punishments and the details of their adjudication and execution raise a number of unresolved doubts in the literature. There is also no clear method of determining the amount of the fine, especially for acts that are extended in time, as well as the method of calculating the length of the prohibitions set out in the Act. The study is an attempt to assess the legal nature of penalties and measures indicated in the Act, as well as to resolve the interpretation doubts indicated above.
DIE BEDEUTUNG VON „KÖNNEN“ BEI FAHRLÄSSIGKEIT UND SCHULD
Authors: Schmoller Kurt
Published: January 2023

In connection with criminal negligence, the focus is regularly on whether the perpetrator “could have” recognized and avoided the situation he brought about, whether (s)he “could have” acted more carefully or complied with the requirements of due diligence. When examining guilt, it is also important (in the case of intentional as well as negligent offenses) whether the perpetrator “could have” recognized the wrongfulness of his/her act and “could have” acted according to this insight. If the “(s)he could have” perspective is rejected, the offender remains unpunished. On the other hand, there is a controversy regarding the extent humans can freely choose their perceptions and behaviour at all or whether these are ultimately determined by external and internal circumstances. The article explores the question of how a “(s)he could have” requirement can be conceived in law and especially in criminal law in a way that remains unaffected by the unsolved debate between “free will” and “determinism”. The author proposes that in the phrase “(s)he could have” the word “can” should not be understood in the (indeterministic) sense of alternative perceptions or behaviour, but simply as the existence of specific psycho-physical properties which, according to empirical knowledge, are necessary for compliance with a norm, just as it can be said, for example, that someone “can” speak French or that he “can” play the piano. It is also compatible with the function of “punishment” in modern (secular) criminal law to understand the “(s)he could have” requirement of punishability as a mere statement about existing, empirically ascertainable psychophysical properties of a person (and in this way to decouple it from the problem of determinism).
AFTER THE 'SOCIALIST SPRING'
Authors: Last George
Published: January 2023

Historical analysis of the German Democratic Republic has tended to adopt a top-down model of the transmission of authority. However, developments were more complicated than the standard state/society dichotomy that has dominated the debate among GDR historians. Drawing on a broad range of archival material from state and SED party sources as well as Stasi files and individual farm records along with some oral history interviews, this book provides a thorough investigation of the transformation of the rural sector from a range of perspectives. Focusing on the region of Bezirk Erfurt, the author examines on the one hand how East Germans responded to the end of private farming by resisting, manipulating but also participating in the new system of rural organization. However, he also shows how the regime sought via its representatives to implement its aims with a combination of compromise and material incentive as well as administrative pressure and other more draconian measures. The reader thus gains valuable insight into the processes by which the SED regime attained stability in the 1970s and yet was increasingly vulnerable to growing popular dissatisfaction and economic stagnation and decline in the 1980s, leading to its eventual collapse.
Reconsidering Voltaire on Jews and Judaism in Le Dictionnaire philosophique
Authors: Scherr Arthur
Published: January 2023

Emulating Arthur Hertzberg's study, The French Enlightenment and the Jews (1968), many scholars have condemned Voltaire for anti-semitism without considering his ironical writing style, amply evident in Candide. The Philosophical Dictionary, a synopsis of his views on diverse historical, ethical, political, and religious matters, may be culled for matter pertaining to his opinion of Jews and Judaism. A careful analysis of some of Voltaire's controversial statements in the Philosophical Dictionary, often interpreted as anti-Jewish, reveals that he appreciated the Jewish people's abilities and aspirations. His most satirical and hostile comments about the “barbarity” and relative historical insignificance of the Jews—contrary to some historians, he never said that they sought to rule the world, until some former Jews catastrophically transitioned into the infâme, the Christian Church, epitome of evil—usually involved his discussion of the mythical, biblical Jews of Old Testament stories, in whose truth he occasionally pretended to believe.
Book Reviews
Authors: Nethery Daniel , Macknight Elisabeth C.
Published: January 2023

Megan Brown, The Seventh Member State: Algeria, France, and the European Community. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2022. Bibliography and index. 369 pp. $39.95 (hb) ISBN 978067425114.

Peter Mulholland, Love's Betrayal: The Decline of Catholicism and Rise of New Religions in Ireland. Oxford and Bern: Peter Lang, 2019. Bibliography and index. 362 pp. $90.95 (hb) ISBN 9781787071278.
Sustainable Entrepreneurship: The Case of Mitticool Private Limited
Authors: Bhattacharyya Kaberi
Published: January 2023

The unabated exploration and exploitation of natural resources to feed unbridled human consumption hand in hand with the progress of civilization has rendered the earth and its environment quite unlivable for its occupants. For this, the business houses whose procurement and production processes have been at the root of this cycle of degradation need to 'humanize' their operations enough, to ensure sustainability. While many glowing examples of new-age entrepreneurs going back to nature to respond to the sustainability agenda exist, the case of Mitticool Private Limited has been highlighted in this paper.
'Swiggy's' Sustainability Drive: The Debut Tale
Authors: Dastidar Bipasha Ghose
Published: January 2023

The concept of entrepreneurship has been important, with its varied dimensions all paving the way for sustainable development. The article is an effort to look through the success story of Swiggy and all the factors responsible for making it reach this top-notch position. The former, essentially based upon the secondary data, also tries to explore the notion of a 'helping hand' extended by the former. Chiefly speaking, the immense appeal of serving the masses, especially during Covid times continues to be an inspiration on the part of the enterprise for generations to come.
The Impact of Social Media on Sustainable Entrepreneurship: A Case Study of Rural Women in West Bengal
Authors: Hossain Saddam , Halder Anuradha
Published: January 2023

Sustainable entrepreneurship is advancing to shift business practices towards environmental, social, or economic sustainability. In the entrepreneurial life, social media plays a noteworthy role in leading innovation by the flow of knowledge without curtailment, thereby shaping entrepreneurial ecosystem. Although studies on sustainable entrepreneurship and social media are comparably new in non-Western contexts such as India, academicians and practitioners are taking crescive interest for further research and exploration within this area. This study probes to explicate the contribution of social media platforms for development of business enterprises and also for its marketing and sustainable growth in modern times. Furthermore, this article solicits to observe how rural women in West Bengal, India shifting their businesses towards sustainability using various social media platforms.
Self-Rated Health for the Elderly People in India: Sustainable Enterprise for a Sustainable Society
Authors: Ghosh Soma
Published: January 2023

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic has made health care an absolute global emergency and thus self-rated health has become a burning topic of discussion. This paper attempts to focus on the emerging crisis in health arena, specially in respect to the self-rated health status of the elderly people due to sudden outburst of Covid-19 pandemic and on government efforts in managing health care systems as sustainable enterprise in terms of protecting the lives of the elderly population. Methods: Survey of literatures, literature review, observation and self-perception are the basis of assessing nationally representative studies across all layers of elderly population. Well-being and its integration with the environment in the context of the health of the elderly people have been evaluated by using the method of predictive analysis which has helped predicting about mortality and health care needs. Results: From the studies and observation, it has been derived that the governments across the globe were giving constant efforts to improve the health condition of the most vulnerable population, i.e., the elderly and ageing population, as per the direction of WHO, but the role of the private entrepreneurs were mostly revolving around their efforts to maximise their profits and sale health assistance and vaccine to the people at a higher price. Conclusion: This report has been designed to study the relationship between some of the socio-psychosocial domains of life with SRH in terms of the necessity for creating a sustainable society and to assess the sustainability of the enterprises undertaken by the business houses, government and non-government segments of policy making.
Radyoloji Penceresinden Erişkin Kraniofarengiomalar
Authors: ÖKCESİZ İzzet , DÖNMEZ Halil , ÖZTÜRK Burak , DOĞAN Serap
Published: January 2023

Amaç: Erişkin kraniofarengiomaların bilgisayarlı tomografi(BT) ve manyetik rezonans görüntüleme(MRG) bulguları üzerinden, radyolojik özelliklerini ortaya koymak ve sellar – parasellar lezyonlardan ayırıcı tanısına katkıda bulunmak amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: 2005 – 2022 yılları arasında, histopatolojik açıdan “kraniofarengioma” tanısı doğrulanmış, erişkin hastalar merkezimiz veritabanı üzerinden retrospektif olarak taranmıştır. Olguların preoperatif hipofiz/kranial BT ve/veya kontrastlı hipofiz/kranial MRG görüntüleri iki radyolog tarafından değerlendirilmiş olup, araştırmacılar arasındaki uyumu belirlemek adına intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC) değeri hesaplanmıştır. Görüntüleme analizinde tümör boyutu, şekli, kalsifikasyon varlığı ve tipi, topografik ve morfolojik (kistik-solid) özellikleri, kistik ve solid komponentlerinin radyolojik karakteristikleri ve olası hidrosefali varlığı değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: 2005 ve 2022 yılları arasında, çalışma kriterlerine uyan 12 olgu tespit edilmiş olup, çalışma grubunda erkek dominansisi (2/1) izlenmiştir. Görüntüleme analizinde, kraniofarengioma lezyonlarının sıklıkla lobüle kontürlü olduğu(%75) ve yüksek oranda kalsifikasyon gösterdiği(%63.6) tespit edilmiştir. Lezyonların topografik değerlendirilmesinde en sık yerleşimin sellar-suprasellar psödo 3V tip(%41.7) olduğu saptanmıştır. Çalışma grubundaki olguların tamamında kistik komponent tespit edilmiş olup; lezyonların kistik komponenti MRG incelemelerinde T1A’da sıklıkla izointens(%41.6), T2A’da ise olguların önemli bir kısmında(%91.7) hiperintens sinyal özelliği gösterirken, lezyonların solid komponenti T1A görüntülerde ağırlıklı olarak izo-hafif hipointens(%83.3), T2A’da ise sıklıkla izo-hafif hiperintens(%66.6) olarak izlenmiştir. Post-kontrast serilerin değerlendirilmesinde tüm olgularda(%100) kontrast tutulumu saptanmıştır. Lezyonların solid komponentlerinde en sık retiküler paternde kontrastlanma izlenirken(%55.6), kistik komponentlerde kapsüler kontrastlanmanın sıklıkla(%72.7) ince düzgün, lineer rim tarzında olduğu dikkati çekmiştir. Ayrıca kraniofarengioma lezyonlarına, olguların %16.7’ sinde nonkominikan hidrosefalinin eşlik ettiği tespit edilmiştir.

Sonuç: Erişkin kraniofarengiomaların radyolojik özellikleri lezyonun natürüne göre değişkenlik gösterebilmektedir. Kalsifikasyon varlığı, sellar – parasellar lezyonlar arasında kraniofarengiomayı öne çıkaran değerli bir radyolojik bulgudur.
THE EFFECT OF GENDER, MANAGERIAL OWNERSHIP, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MANUFACTURING COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE
Authors: Sari Selvi Yona , Sari Desi Permata
Published: January 2023

Abstract  This study aims to determine how much influence gender, managerial ownership and intellectual property of the board of directors has on the company's performance. The sample collection method used purposive sampling, with a total sample of 31 companies. The analytical method used is the classical assumption and multiple linear regression. The results obtained based on the Partial Test (t test) obtained: There is a negative and significant influence between gender on company performance, There is no positive and significant effect between managerial ownership on company performance, There is a positive and significant influence between intellectual property on company performance Then based on the test Simultaneous hypothesis (Test F) can be seen that there is a positive and significant influence between gender, managerial ownership and intellectual property together on company performance. Keywords: gender, managerial ownership, intellectual property of the board of directors and performance
THE INFLUENCE OF PRICE PERCEPTION, PROMOTION, AND ONLINE CUSTOMER REVIEW ON CONSUMER BUYING INTEREST IN LAZADA E COMMERCE IN PADANG UTARA DISTRICT
Authors: Magdalena Maria , Zusmawati Zusmawati , Algusri Jeki , Fernos Jhon , Rozi Fakhrur
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTThis study has a problem formulation, namely whether price perception affects consumer buying interest in Lazada e-commerce and whether promotion affects consumer buying interest in Lazada e-commerce and whether online customer reviews affect consumer buying interest in Lazada e-commerce. And this study aims to determine whether price perceptions, promotions, and online customer reviews have an effect on consumer buying interest in Lazada e-commerce. The research method used is the Explanatory Research method. The sample obtained is 80 respondents. Data analysis used multiple linear regression analysis, classical assumption test, and hypothesis testing. The results showed that the price perception variable partially had a positive and significant effect on consumer buying interest in Lazada e-commerce. While the promotion variable partially has a positive and significant effect on consumer buying interest in Lazada e-commerce. And the online customer review variable partially has a positive and significant effect on consumer buying interest in Lazada e-commerce.Keywords: Buying Interest, Price Perception, Promotion, Online Customer Review
THE INFLUENCE OF PRODUCT QUALITY AND PROMOTION ON PURCHASE DECISIONS IN GIVETHANKS PRINTING IN MEDAN
Authors: Ginting Samuel Tenang Ukur Ardianta , L.P. Sihombing Thomas , Saragih Heni Erfita
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTThe current needs of the community in various activities such as working in offices, doing business, college, and schools require an increasingly diverse range of paper printing products, consumers are looking for quality products through various forms of promotions from these paper printing companies, giving rise to business competition with introduce products according to the needs and desires of consumers, then communicate the advantages of these products. A consumer in making a buying decision is influenced by several factors including product quality and promotion. In the city of Medan there are several paper printing places, one of which is Givethank Printing, which has been around for 10 years, a paper printing company in the Jalan Jamin Ginting area of Medan, offering several types of products from paper printing such as banners, invitations, brochures, business cards, stamps, screen printing. , and others. This research is quantitative in nature, data collection was carried out by questionnaires with partial and simultaneous testing of product quality and promotion which had a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. The population and sample are customers of several communities and students residing in the area. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of product quality and promotion on purchasing decisions at Givethanks Printing in Medan. The research methodology is quantitative, namely testing theories through measuring research variables with numbers and analyzing data using statistical procedures, with the help of the SPSS Software Application. This type of field research (field research) is research that is directly carried out in the field or on respondents. Keywords: Product Quality, Promotion, Purchase Decision
PENGARUH KARAGENAN SEBAGAI GELLING AGENT TERHADAP KARAKTER FISIK & KIMIA SEDIAAN GUMMY JELLY EKSTRAK JAHE MERAH
Authors: Suhesti Suhesti , Anindhita Metha Anung
Published: January 2023

 

Latar bekalang : Jahe merah mengandung senyawa fenol yang dapat digunakan sebagai immunomodulator dimasa pandemi Covid-19. Pada umumnya masyarakat memanfaatkan jahe dalam bentuk jamu yang pengkonsumsianya tidak mudah diterima oleh semua kalangan. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini menginovasi jamu kedalam bentuk gummy jelly. Karakteristik terpenting pada gummy jelly terletak pada tekstur. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi tekstur gummy jelly adalah bahan pembentuk gel yang salah satunya yaitu karagenan.

Tujuan : Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh karagenan terhadap karakteristik  gummy jelly ekstrak jahe merah dan konsentrasi karagenan yang menghasilkan karakter fisikokimia terbaik.

Metode : Sediaan gummy jelly dibuat 3 formula dengan menggunakan karagenan variasi konsentrasi 3%, 4,5%, dan 6%. Data diperoleh dari mengumpulkan hasil pengujian fisikokimia gummy jelly yang meliputi uji organoleptis, pH, kadar air, hedonik dan stabilitas. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dilanjut dengan uji Tukey HSD taraf 5%.

Hasil : Hasil analisis ragam (ANOVA) menunjukkan karagenan berpengaruh terhadap kadar air (P<0,05) namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai pH (p>0,05) gummy jelly ekstrak jahe merah. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi karagenan akan menurunkan kadar air. Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukan bahwa karagenan berpengaruh terhadap tekstur. Semakin tinggi kadar air pada gummy jelly maka tekstur akan semakin kenyal.

Kesimpulan : Karagenan berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik gummy jelly ekstrak jahe merah yang meliputi kadar air dan tekstur. Namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap organoleptis warna, aroma, rasa, nilai pH dan stabilitas penyimpanan. Hasil uji sifat fisikokimia telah memenuhi syarat. Formula terbaik yaitu formula 1 dengan konsentrasi karagenan 3%.

 

Kata kunci: jahe merah, karagenan, gummy jelly, karakter fisikokimia.
PEMILIHAN UMUM 2024 DAN WACANA TIGA PERIODE: PERSPEKTIF KOMUNIKASI POLITIK
Authors: Ni’am Harun
Published: January 2023

Indonesia will hold general elections in 2024. One of the issues related to the election that is being widely discussed is the three period discourse for President Joko Widodo (Jokowi). The constitution expressly prohibits this discourse. Jokowi has also on several occasions responded to this three-period discourse. However, the discourse has not stopped. One reason why this discourse has not stopped is the problem of political communication by Jokowi. This study uses the theory of Jay G. Blumler and M. Gurevitch which conveys four components in political communication, namely political institutions in the aspect of political communication, media institutions in the aspect of political communication, audience orientation and political cultural relevance.

Keywords: 2024 General Election, Three Period Discourse, Political Communication.

Abstrak

Indonesia akan menyelenggarakan pemilihan umum tahun 2024. Salah satu isu terkait pemilu yang ramai diperbincangkan adalah wacana tiga periode untuk Presiden Joko Widodo (Jokowi). Konstitusi secara secara tegas melarang wacana ini. Jokowi pun dalam beberapa kali kesempatan merespon wacana tiga periode ini. Namun wacana itu tetap belum berhenti. Salah satu penyebab wacana ini belum berhenti adalah permasalahan komunikasi politik yang dilakukan Jokowi. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Jay G. Blumler dan M. Gurevitch yang menyampaikan empat komponen dalam komunikasi politik, yaitu institusi-institusi politik dalam aspek komunikasi politik, institusi media dalam aspek komunikasi politik, orientasi khalayak dan relevansi budaya politik.

Kata Kunci : Pemilhan Umum 2024, Wacana Tiga Periode, Komunikasi Politik.
Toddler Growth in the Working Area of Kuok Public Health Center, Kampar Regency
Authors: Erlinawati Erlinawati , Apriza Apriza , Parmin Joria
Published: January 2023

Toddler Growth in the Working Area of Kuok Public Health Center, Kampar Regency. The first five years of a child’s life are critical for growth and development because these years assist in generating the adult they will become. Data from WHO discovered that in developing countries, almost 45% of children under five suffer from growth and development disorders. Data from Kuok Public Health Center also demonstrated that in the last three years, there was an increase in the cases of malnutrition were 27 toddlers in 2018. Meanwhile, the were 32 cases in 2019 and 44 in 2020. This study aims to examine factors associated with toddler growth in the working area of Kuok Public Health Center, Kampar Regency. It was a cross-sectional study conducted in the working area of Kuok Public Health Center, Kampar regency, Riau Province. It was performed in January 2021. The samples are 60 toddlers aged 12-60 months with a growth chart. They were selected to be the sample of the study through consecutive sampling. A Chi-square test was administered to evaluate the bivariable. Bivariable analysis displayed a relationship among nutritional status (p-value 0.003, OR 8.321), parenting (p-value 0.003, OR 7.342), exclusive breastfeeding (p-value 0.002, OR 9.201), and parental income (p-value 0.031, OR 4.486) with the growth in toddler. In conclusion, the relationship among nutritional status, parenting, exclusive breastfeeding, and parental income with toddler growth was revealed.
Characteristics and Physical Workload of Nurses on Night Shifts with Work Fatigue
Authors: Octavia Ari Dian , Nurmayanti Demes , Darjati  , Winarko  , Suryono Hadi
Published: January 2023

At RSUD Sidoarjo, it was discovered that 44% of nurses experienced fatigue. Fatigue occurs due to several factors, one of which is the physical workload. The objective of this study is to examine the physical workload and characteristics of nurses on night shifts on the fatigue of inpatient tulip nurses at RSUD Sidoarjo in 2022. The number of samples was 30 respondents with the sampling technique encompassing all of population of nurses on night shifts. The results demonstrated that there was no influence between physical workload on work fatigue with a value of 0.717, as well as characteristics incorporating age, length of service and gender which had no effect on work fatigue with a value of 0.636, respectively; 0.747 and 0.235. The result of the study indicates that workload, age, working period, and gender of nurses have no effect on nurses' work fatigue. The conclusion is there was no influence between physical workload and characteristics of nurses on night shifts on the fatigue of inpatient tulip nurses at RSUD Sidoarjo in 2022. It is recommended that future researchers will conduct research on nurse fatigue employing various variables such as mental workload on nurses, hospital physical environment, distance of residence, and marital or family status.
Mileva — a Dialogue About General Relativity as Regional
Authors: Gamper Johan
Published: January 2023

In this dialogue, Mileva and Albert start to talk about physics and its subject matter, the physical. They end up in a situation that permits causal dependence between separate ontological domains. In this possible world, they continue talking. First, they Socratically agree that the physical is physical and only physical. Then, they call the physical an ontologically homogeneous domain. They then generalise the principle that the physical is causally unaffected by anything non-physical, into the principle that ontologically homogeneous domains do not cause ontologically homogeneous domains. From a modern point of view talking about black hole singularities, they continue discussing the Chandrasekhar limit and the collapse of the physical laws as we know them. Mileva carries a burden and Albert stands up and carries it with her. The burden is an implication of the generalised principle. Relying on parsimony, only ontologically homogeneous domains are forbidden to cause ontologically homogeneous domains. This leaves the door open for ontologically heterogeneous domains to cause ontologically homogeneous domains. Also relying on parsimony, only ontologically homogeneous domains are forbidden to be caused by ontologically homogeneous domains and this allows ontologically heterogeneous domains to be caused by ontologically homogeneous domains. Ontologically heterogeneous domains, thus, are allowed to causally link ontologically homogeneous domains. Albert realises that the mathematical could qualify as an ontologically homogeneous domain and that the theoretical difficulties that are foreseen beyond the Chandrasekhar limit could be addressed by expanding physics into a context that contains also an ontologically heterogeneous domain. The theoretical difficulties beyond the Chandrasekhar limit would be due to an emergent mathematical-physical domain. Mileva concludes that Albert’s theory is not faulty but regional. A global theory would have to include the explanation of the mathematical-physical.
Winner-takes-all Majoritarian System and Irregularities in Six Election Cycles in Nigeria, 1999 – 2019
Authors: Abada Ifeanyichukwu M. , Mbah Peter O. , Obiagu Uchenna C. , Udeh Celestine O. , Omeh Paul H. , Odey Odey Clarence , Chukwu Chukwuemeka Quentin
Published: January 2023

The argument that Nigerian elections are characterized by electoral irregularities since the commencement of present democratic engagement in 1999 has not been sufficiently subjected to an analytical procedure to embrace the six Nigerian election cycles. Thus, the study investigated this unsettled question to provide insights into how the recurring incidence of irregularities has dominated Nigerian election seasons within the period under review. It situated the problem within the context of the winner-takes-all majoritarian electoral system (MES) and queried the adoption of the MES-driven model, implemented in an environment of do-or-die politics and the 'glorification' of clandestine electoral strategies. It further argued that the model reinforced the use of these strategies by politicians to increase their odds of victory without considering their detrimental consequences. The examination of available documents revealed that the model is consistently implicated in the electoral irregularities that characterized Nigerian elections. It further discovered that the model promoted the crude perception of politics as a zero-sum contest. The present deplorable state of democracy in Nigeria is a function of irregularities and their consequential composites: life-taking elections, election disputes, and voter apathy. These suggest the need for a thorough electoral reform that will throw up a digitally secured electoral system that will be implemented to reflect the various shades of multiethnic cultural Nigerian society. To reduce tension during elections and encourage inclusivity in Nigeria, the reform should be able to institutionalize the electoral commission, check government interference in its activities, reduce the present huge election spending, ensure proportional distribution of votes and positions, and make public offices less financially attractive.
Adipokines, ageing, and vascular damage
Authors: Sánchez Ferrer C.F. , Valencia Fernández I. , Peiró Vallejo C.
Published: January 2023

The main physiologic function of adipokines on the energy metabolism and the cardiovascular homeostasis, among others, are well known. In the last years, our laboratory is providing increasing evidence about the possible role of adipokines as mediators of vascular damage, by inducing different pro-inflammatory and pro-senescent mechanisms. The secretion of adipokines like visfatin or dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP4) by adipose tissue, particularly by the visceral fat, is enhanced in obese and type 2 diabetic patients. Both adipokines are enzymes metabolically active that can induce the activation of specific receptors, namely type 4 “toll like receptors” (TLR4) for visfatin and “protease activated receptor 2” (PAR2) for DPP4. Stimulation of such receptors is triggering well known pro-inflammatory and pro-senescent mechanisms, like the nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) or the inflammasome NLRP3 (“nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich-repeat, pyrin domain containing 3”), a cell structure that transforms the immature forms of classic cytokines in their active derivates, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or interleukin 18 (IL-18). It is worth to note that these classic cytokines are the final effectors for the harmful effects of the adipokines and its blockade can be a very relevant therapeutic approach. In our experiments, the specific antagonism of IL-1 receptors with anakinra prevents the inflammatory and senescent effects evoked by visfatin and DPP4. Moreover, this finding is in agreement with data from other researchers, as well as with the results of the CANTOS clinical trial, which demonstrate a very important cardioprotective cardiovascular effect mediated by the anti-inflammatory effect of the monoclonal antibody canakinumab. On the other hand, we have also provided experimental evidence about possible vasculopotective adipokines, such angiotensin-(1-7), which is able to induce, through activation of Mas receptors, the expression of klotho protein and the activation of antioxidant pathways, like the well known Nrf2-HO-1 (“nuclear factor erythroid-2 y hemoygenase-1”).
Inherited Retinal Dystrophies in Spain: three decades of epidemiological, clinical, and genetic study
Authors: Perea-Romero I. , Fernández-Caballero L. , Iancu I.F. , Rodilla C. , Martín-Mérida I. , Ávila-Fernández A. , Almoguera B. , Riveiro-Álvarez R. , Trujillo-Tiebas M.J. , Lorda-Sánchez I. , Tahsin-Swafiri S. , López-Grondona F. , Sánchez A.I. , Blanco-Kelly F. , Pozo-Valero M. , Mínguez P. , Millán J.M. , Martín-Gutiérrez P. , Jiménez-Rolando B. , Carreño E. , García-Sandoval B. , Cortón M. , Ayuso C.
Published: January 2023

Inherited Retinal Dystrophies (IRDs) are a group of rare diseases with a prevalence of 1:3000-4000 people. They are genetic, primarily affecting retinal photoreceptors and epithelial pigmentary cells, and lead to neurodegeneration and finally apoptosis.
In 2021, we published our global results obtained in our registry at the Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (Madrid, Spain) from 1991 to August 2019. Now, we aimed to update these results until August 2022. Thus, we conducted a retrospective hospital-based cross-sectional study on 4.794 IRD-affected unrelated families from all the Spanish autonomous communities.
Families were classified into three phenotypic categories: a) “NON-RP” for cone-dominated phenotypes, b) “RP” (retinitis pigmentosa) for primary rod involvement, and c) “syndromic IRD” when visual plus extra-ocular symptoms are present. Molecular studies included: single-gene studies, clinical exome, whole exome or whole genome sequencing.
Overall, 62% (2962/4794) of the families were genetically characterized, in which 1.997 different likely causative variants (5.064 different alleles) were identified in 188 genes. The most common phenotype encountered was RP (59% of families, 2465/4794). Regarding the types of causative alleles, missenses were the most frequent (51%), followed by truncating (nonsense, frameshift, indels and splicing; 44%), while copy number variations were only 2%. The most recurrently mutated genes were PRPH2, ABCA4 and RS1 in autosomal dominant (AD), autosomal recessive (AR) and X-linked (XL) NON-RP families, respectively; RHO, USH2A and RPGR in AD, AR and XL for non-syndromic RP; and MYO7A, USH2A and BBS1 in syndromic IRD. Pathogenic variants ABCA4:p.Arg1129Leu and USH2A:p.Cys759Phe were the most frequent.
Our study provides the overall genetic landscape for IRD in Spain, reporting the largest cohort ever presented and a high number of causal genes involved in these diseases. Furthermore, our findings have important implications for genetic diagnosis and counseling, but also for possible therapeutic management
MEDIASI KONFIGURASI STRUKTURAL DALAM HUBUNGAN SERVANT LEADERSHIP STYLE PADA KINERJA
Authors: Umama Hany Azza , Handika Firdanis Setyaning
Published: January 2023

Research on leadership styles is still in great demand by researchers, considering that what leadership style is the best to apply. This study is a follow-up study from Eva (2001) which is recommended to analyze more deeply about the structural configuration of servant leadership style with performance because the relationship states that the formal structure acts as a substitute for servant leadership on job satisfaction. This is of course contrary to the results of previous studies which state that servant leadership has a positive effect on performance and satisfaction. In addition, according to the researcher, research on servant leadership style by linking the configuration of construction is still few researchers want to investigate further about mediating the configuration of construction in the relationship of servant leadership style with performance.
Collecting data in this study using a primary can, namely a questionnaire, where the questionnaire will be given randomly using a g-form by distributing it through electronic media to employees of corporate educational institutions and others. In addition to using primary data from the questionnaire, secondary data will also be used by researchers to support the analysis of this research. The control variables in this study were age, gender and years of service using the Sobel test as an analytical tool to see the moderating effect. The results showed a significant relationship between servant leadership style on formalization, formalization on performance and servant leadership on performance. What is interesting in this study is that the magnitude of the relationship between servant leadership and performance through formalization is actually lower than the direct relationship. This shows that the feel of servant leadership style is able to produce formalization in relation to performance. This is possible if there is group maturity. Groups or employees who are considered mature are employees who understand their duties and obligations, so that no formalization actually provides high performance. Re-testing is very necessary considering that the assessment of the construct is still not carried out. this will add to the repertoire of knowledge about servant leadership, structure and performance.