bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
State of the art on inclusive education management in brazilian schools
Authors: Santos Tiago Benedito dos , Bioto Patrícia Ap.
Published: September 2023

This chapter presents a bibliographic survey on the management of inclusive education in Brazilian schools carried out on the Portal of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Capes) and on the website of the Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD) and analyzes the works found. The survey took place between June 2022 and July 2023. The following criteria were adopted for the search: time frame from 2015 to 2023, in order to find out about more recent research in the field of education; only studies in Portuguese and peer-reviewed journals and in the field of education. From the discussion developed based on the data collected, it is understood that studies related to school inclusion are fundamental to contributing to public education, which still lacks mutual efforts to improve, and the role of school and educational management in this process is fundamental.
Traces of the creation of the school group Dr. Jorge Tibiriçá – Bragança (1870-1910)
Authors: Medeiros Daniel Amaro Cirino de
Published: September 2023

This article aims to present the initial considerations and partial results of the ongoing research of the Graduate Program in Education of the USF. We focus in this research on the Dr. Jorge Tibiriçá School Group, in the city of Bragança Paulista. We wish to investigate the trajectory of constitution of this Group in the context of the urban, economic and political transformations of the city of Bragança. The privileged period will be that of the first three decades of the twentieth century. we delimit as the broader objective of this research to raise and analyze the process of creation and implementation of the School Group. From this goal, we established three more specific ones. The first is to characterize the architecture of this Group, also identifying and analyzing the rationality that guided the division and destination of its built area and its external space. The second is to analyze how this rationality was inscribed in the daily school life. The third is to track whether, in some way, the presence, functioning and rationality of this school group have impacted the networks of sociability and the sensitivities of the urban population. To achieve these objectives, we are conducting a bibliographic review on the privileged theme, the research of primary documentary sources (newspapers, almanacs, yearbooks, school documents, etc.), considering the theoretical contributions, among others, of Thompson (1998), Escolano (2001), Buffa (2002), Le Goff (1996), Benjamin (1989), Foucault (2010).
Incidence of acute myocardial infarction in elderly people in northern Minas Gerais, From 2008 to 2018
Authors: Ferreira Bianca Andrade
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), represent an important public health problem in Brazil and worldwide, increasing incidence and mortality rates, especially among an elderly population. AMI is a condition resulting from coronary artery obstruction, leading to a clinical imbalance between oxygen supply and consumption, due to insufficient flow to the myocardium, which can lead to the death of cells in the cardiac tissue. Methodology: Epidemiological, descriptive, cross-sectional, and quantitative study, carried out through documentary research at DATASUS and the Hospital Information System (SIH / SUS) with data collection in September 2018. Included tabulation and analysis of data related to care emergency room due to AMI in the elderly in the north of Minas Gerais between 2008 and 2018. Results/Discussion: Acute myocardial infarction contributes considerably to the increase in the number of deaths, especially in the elderly population. In the North of Minas, Montes Claros / Bocaiúva, there was a higher prevalence of hospitalizations, 82.3% of the total. The private service represents many hospitalizations and the number of deaths from heart attacks has been decreasing in a way decreasing in he last two years, of the study, in the north of mines. Conclusion: Therefore, with the dedication of a multidisciplinary team, it is possible to develop resources that lead patients to take an active attitude towards their disease, knowing and controlling the risk factors present in their lifestyle.
Hypoadrenocorticism Associated with Sepsis in Dogs – Case Report
Authors: Gonçalves Soraya Helena Rodrigues , Conti Mara Regina Oliveira
Published: September 2023

Hypoadrenocorticism is an uncommon condition in dogs and is most often caused by immune-mediated destruction of the adrenal glands resulting in decreased mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid production. Definitive diagnosis requires adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation testing to demonstrate low basal and post-ACTH cortisol levels. The symptoms are varying and usually not specific. An acute hypoadrenocortical crisis in a dog represents a true medical emergency due to the resulting severe hypovolemia, dehydration, hypotension, electrolyte derangements, and acid-base abnormalities. The prognosis for hypoadrenocorticism is excellent with appropriate mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid supplementation. This report describes the case of a non-defined breed female dog, 8 years old, 8.9 kg diagnosed with primary hypoadrenocorticism. Treatment was based on replacement of hydroelectrolyte, glucose and corticosteroid deficits, promoting rapid evolution in the patient's clinical condition, with disappearance of symptoms and normalization of laboratory parameters by the end of the treatment.
Animal model of osteochondral injury in rabbits
Authors: Schueda Marco Antonio , Cohen Moisés , Filardi Marcelo Salvador , Brostulin Danielle do Rocio , Serapião Carlos José
Published: September 2023

Object: To study the alterations in an osteocondral surface, submitted to a standardized mechanical lesion. Methods: 30 young male rabbits were used for this experiment, being the experimental procedure performed on 60 knees. After anesthesia and antisepsis, the animals were submitted to surgical procedure for osteocondral lesion production with 4,2 X 5,0 millimeters (mm) in their condilus femoralis medialis with standardized instrumental. Three weeks after these animals were evaluated, concerning the lesion. Results: The tissue regeneration was incompatible with spontaneous resolution, developing cicatricial tissue different from the normal cartilage. Conclusions: The developed model animal is useful for study regeneration of the cartilage after mechanical lesion. The model is simple and easy to control and execute, as well as preserves the animals, which may used in other experiments, or for later observations of the previously described and analyzed phenomena in this first report.
Information System of Office Stationery Inventory PT. Jagad Kreatif Nusantara
Authors: Hadi Dyah Pitaloka Permata , Irawan Debi , Tay En , Alpiyasin Feri , Abdurahman Fikri Irawan
Published: September 2023

PT. Jagad Kreatif Nusantara uses the Microsoft Excel program to store inventory for office stationery, such as demand, expenditure, and stock data. That is why there are problems at PT. Jagad Kreatif Nusantara, namely difficulties in finding demand and expenditure data, difficulties in identifying initial stock, preparing reports that should be presented, and then compiling the appropriate information for the needs of inventory of ATK goods.With the development of this Information System application, it is hoped that it can solve these problems. Besides that, the existence of a computerized system in presenting complete information and being able to access data and information quickly in terms of data processing, efficient in terms of personnel, and accurate in terms of information will make work easier.
Student Counseling Information System Design Web Based Using CodeIgniter Framework
Authors: Yulyanthika Luthfina , Marjito Marjito , Supriatna Ade , Retnowaty Agung Tri , M Farhanah Fitria
Published: September 2023

The administrative process of counseling guidance services at SMP Plus Al-Amanah is still done manually which causes data collection of information on students still using books and filing in the BK room cupboard, counseling guidance at SMP Plus Al-Amanah is also still inputting and reporting achievements as well as violations by committing a private call sent via social media chat that specifically makes students have to go to school without holding an official letter from the BK when getting a call so that parents/guardians are worried and doubtful when the child is called to school if without written evidence. This results in physical exhaustion for both the guidance counselor and the students and creates doubt and concern for parents and guardians of students. To optimize time and distance, judging from these problems, a counseling guidance system was made using the OOAD model. The counseling guidance information system for SMP Plus Al-Amanah, can be used to manage the process of recording user data involved in the information system (administrators, operators, guests), recording violation and achievement data, recording student biodata, BK services, and calling students is a guidance process counseling that has been carried out. In addition, this information system can be used and viewed by parents via the Web so that counseling and data related to students can be monitored and viewed properly.
Optimizing chemotherapy protocol for diverse patient populations
Authors: Simhachalam Gurugubelli  , Sai Giridhar Gundepalli
Published: September 2023

Chemotherapy optimization for diverse patient populations is a complex and challenging task that requires a multidisciplinary and individualized approach .

Oncology professionals need to be aware of the factors that can affect the response and toxicity of chemotherapy drugs in different patient populations and apply the best available evidence and practices to tailor chemotherapy regimens accordingly.

Further research is needed to identify more pharmacogenetic biomarkers, develop more accurate dosing formulas, evaluate more drug interactions, and compare more toxicity profiles for chemotherapy optimization for diverse patient populations.
Reduflación: estrategia para lidiar con la inflación
Authors: Yañez Alvarez Javier , García Mendoza Claudia Berenice , González Torres Daniel Ernesto
Published: September 2023

La inflación es un fenómeno económico que está presente en todas las economías, es parte de la vida cotidiana de las personas, pero que, en realidad, todos lo pueden percibir, pero no todos comprenden el significado. La responsabilidad del control de la inflación es del Estado, porque dentro de las funciones aceptadas es mantener y mejorar el nivel de vida de los ciudadanos a los que gobierna, dentro lo cual se encuentra el poder adquisitivo y que influye en el desarrollo económico del país. Siempre la inflación afecta de manera particular a las clases sociales con menos recursos económicos, y eso genera un descontento social que ningún gobierno desea enfrentar. Las sociedades también participan en el combate a este fenómeno de la economía, por lo tanto, diseñan y establecen estrategias para ayudar al control de la inflación. En la actualidad con la globalización, los hechos que suceden en países lejanos afectan a todos los demás países por la interrelación económica que existe.  La reducción del tamaño presentación de los productos es una de las últimas estrategias de las empresas para tratar de hacer frente a este fenómeno que es generalizado pero la forma de enfrentarlo es particular en cada país.
A New View on Ski Maps
Authors:   , Schonberger Greg
Published: September 2023

Traditional ski area trail maps have remained mostly unchanged for many decades. Since the earliest maps were produced, they have shown picturesque panoramic views of the ski mountain nestled in with its the surrounding peaks. Trees individually painted on the slopes, pristine and snow-covered, the runs marked as a winter wonderland. These maps are each an individual work of art, painstakingly created by skilled artists but they are not quality maps. This project will present a new view on the ski area map, creating a more traditional topographic map depicting ski runs, elevation contours, and shaded topography. The project will also examine the potential for moving the new map into a mobile app to better help skiers and snowboarders navigate.
Model Support Vector Machine untuk Prediksi pada Penggunaan Energi Listrik di Rumah Hemat Energi
Authors: Nurul Salsabila Syam  , Valian Yoga Pudya Ardhana  , Eliyah A M Sampetoding  , Muh. Sulthan  Nazhim  , A. Muhammad Risqullah  , Muh. Gifari Sakawati  , A. Muh. Yusril  , M. Dermawan  Mulyodiputo
Published: September 2023

Energi listrik merupakan kebutuhan penting bagi rumah tinggal. Umumnya, penggunaan energi pada rumah tinggal menggunakan energi listrik yang lebih besar. Dua faktor yang berpengaruh pada konsumsi listrik pada rumah tinggal yaitu jenis dan jumlah peralatan listrik dan penggunaan peralatan oleh penghuni bangunan. Untuk mempelajari dan membuat model energi pada rumah hemat energi per hari, digunakan model regresi yaitu Support Vector Machine (SVM) dengan kernel radial. Tujuan dari perancangan data warehouse yang dibuat adalah untuk membantu memutuskan strategi dan pola dari penggunaan energi dalam keseharian. Hasil dari penelitian ini memberikan nilai RMSE yang cukup kecil.
Cloud Computing: Solusi Untuk Information And Communication Technology
Authors: Duha Tobias , Firdaus Laia  , Muhammad Kailani Ridwan  , Saifudin  , Tutik Maryana
Published: September 2023

Cloud computing is one of the hottest topics that exist today, in the era of the continuous development of information and communication technology. The emergence of cloud computing technology is an effort to access resources and applications from anywhere via the internet, with this being able to overcome the limitations in utilizing the previous ICT infrastructure. Cloud computing is defined as a convenient network access model to unify the configuration of computing resources such as networks, servers, storage media, applications, and services, and can be configured quickly with minimal administrative effort or interactively. The discussion begins with a description of some opinions or points of view from previous studies on cloud computing technology, then reviewing the possible advantages and disadvantages of implementing cloud computing. Then it ends with a conclusion whether cloud computing is an ICT solution and recommendations that users can consider when implementing cloud computing.
Food, Inequality, and Conquest in Warring States China
Authors: Berger Elizabeth , Chen Liang , Shao Jing , Sun Zhanwei
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses the bioarchaeological analysis of over a hundred skeletons from two Warring States period (771–476 BC) cemeteries in Shaanxi, China. The remains at Zhaitouhe show a close cultural and biological affiliation with the Rong, a transplanted population from the northwest, while Shijiahe has both a Rong component and a component with material culture and population affinity closest to Huaxia (Chinese) populations. The Rong at the two sites shared material culture and burial traditions. However, the Rong and the Huaxia at Shijiahe closely resemble each other in terms of markers of oral health and activity, suggesting the two groups had similar diets and activities. The textual and bioarchaeological records suggest the Rong in Shaanxi came to share the Huaxia sedentary agricultural economy and diet. However, it appears that while the Rong adopted subsistence practices through the porous boundary between groups, they maintained that boundary and their identity through material culture and mortuary practices.
A Mississippian Example of Harvest Renewal Ceremonialism
Authors: Nelson Erin Stevens , Peles Ashley , Melton Mallory A.
Published: September 2023

Long practiced among American Indian people of the American Southeast, maize harvest ceremonialism centers themes of purification, renewal, and cultural continuity. Material signatures of the practice include structured deposits of soil, ash, food remains, and other artifacts. This chapter integrates analyses of pottery, paleoethnobotany, zooarchaeology, and depositional processes associated with a Mississippian (AD 1050–1550) “ash heap” to argue that aspects of maize harvest ceremonialism have origins at least as early as the fourteenth century AD. Eighteenth- and nineteenth-century ethnohistoric accounts and modern practitioners from Muscogee (Creek) Nation further contextualize the archaeological findings. Multiple lines of evidence demonstrate continuity in ceremonial practices geared toward world renewal and maintenance of community ties among Mississippian people and their descendants that persist despite a relentless and ongoing history of colonialism in southeastern North America.
Connecting the Present to the Past
Authors: Purcell Gabrielle C.
Published: September 2023

In the study of ancient foodways, archaeologists increasingly turn to modern descendant communities to inform our understandings of the past. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is a method of collaboration that engages communities in a scientific study enriched by multiple perspectives. This chapter offers several examples of successful collaborations with Cherokees, an American Indian group whose homelands are in the Southern Appalachians of southeastern North America. The author discusses the benefits of incorporating indigenous perspectives into the examination of ancient foodways, producing research that is both collaborative and scientific. CBPR offers promising new insights into research on changes to Cherokee foodways during European colonization by empowering Cherokees to take ownership over their history and challenging assumptions rooted in colonial discourse.
Across Boundaries
Authors: Zhang Meng
Published: September 2023

The spread of microblade technology has been explained using human migration and cultural transmission under the culture-historical paradigm of a “refugium model” that illustrates movements of foraging societies from Transbaikal eastward to the Paleo-Sakhalin-Hokkaido-Kurile (PSHK) Peninsula and to North China in the beginning of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Environmental deterioration and human migration are cited as drivers of cultural and technological change. This study uses a macroecological approach based on Binford’s Constructing Frames of Reference (2001) to examine impacts of the LGM on Paleolithic hunter-gatherers in NE Asia. Results from Binford’s projections of ungulate biomass suggest that refugia did not exist in the PSHK Peninsular, thus origins of microblade technology were a more complicated cultural process. The appearance of microblade-based societies in NE Asia is not necessarily explained by human migration from the Altai Mountains or Transbaikal, since the shrinkage of ungulate biomass under environmental pressure and previous technology could provide adaptive advantages for people equipped with microblade-based weaponry. Viewing the appearance of microblade technology as a cultural process, rather than a historical event, can help archaeologists better explore these dynamics.
At the Edges of Food Production
Authors: Schmader Matthew
Published: September 2023

The onset of food production occurred at widely different times and places across the world stage but is widely regarded as one of the defining characteristics of the Neolithic. In the American Southwest, adoption of corn agriculture in particular is regarded as the beginning of sedentary village life and formative cultures in many areas. Cultural evolution of smaller-scale societies in central New Mexico is examined by comparing residential architecture, food-related technologies, settlement strategies, and early plant and animal domestication. A 4,000-year long record is described, which encompasses the critical transition from the late Archaic to Early Ancestral Pueblo periods in the region. Attributes found in this record suggest that early attempts at food production could more correctly be called incipient horticulture rather than full-blown agriculture, and that food intensification was not consistently successful. This tenuous situation resulted in a prolonged period during which Early Ancestral Pueblo peoples seem to have cycled back and forth between horticulture and foraging, depending on crop success. Frequent changes in residential mobility and subsistence are described, which resulted in material consequences of these adaptive strategies at the edges of food production.
Differentiating Ecological Contexts of Plant Cultivation and Animal Herding
Authors: Johnson Amber L. , Jamski Gianna , Mcnellis Tanigha , Niesen Ruthie , Scimeca Anthony , Pruett Nick
Published: September 2023

Over the last few decades archaeologists have documented a much more variable pattern of prehistoric subsistence, including both foraging and food production, than was previously imagined. In addition, we have made great progress understanding the macroecology related to variation in hunting-gathering subsistence and social organization. Data recorded from archaeological literature on locations with early evidence for the emergence of plant cultivation, plant or animal domestication, or animal herding is used to identify ecological parameters of settings with the earliest food production. These archaeological data are used to test logical propositions deduced from patterns in data on ethnographically recorded hunter-gatherers. These data allow us to make some broad generalizations about the conditions under which foragers become food producers and to anticipate different pathways or patterns of initial food production in addition to raising new questions for further research. Regions on the borders of broad ecological zones are of interest because small changes in climate can have such big effects in subsistence strategies.
Hauntology, Hagiology, and Archaeology on the Battlefields of Seventeenth-Century New Mexico
Authors: Liebmann Matthew
Published: September 2023

Ghosts, apparitions, and people-as-phantasms have been said to haunt battlefields for as long as armed conflict has occurred. While archaeologists have assiduously and systematically avoided the investigation of these phenomena, the study of “the spectral” has gained increasing attention from anthropologists in recent years, who have championed its study under the banner of “hauntology.” Rather than dismissing miraculous and fantastic war stories outright, this chapter asks how tales of combat miracles might be used to illuminate the archaeological record. Through a case study focusing on the 1694 battle between Jemez (Pueblo) and Spanish warriors, this chapter conducts a hauntology of the site of Guadalupe Mesa in northern New Mexico.
Black Pioneers, Indigenous Renegades, and Confederate Officers
Authors: Tveskov Mark Axel
Published: September 2023

The historical memory of the settlement of the Oregon Territory was crafted in a genre of memoirs published in magazines and newspapers in the decades around the turn of the 20th century. These narratives minimized the complexity of the events, smoothed over the contradictions and genocidal violence of settler colonialism, and erased the diversity of the participants. Microhistory deconstructs the singularity of large historical mythopoetics by contextualizing small scale events, interactions, and relationships, and is particularly appropriate to historical archaeologies that engage the primary documentation and materiality of war and conflict, where the events tracked by the archaeological record are particularly fine grained. I present three stories focused on the Rogue River war of 1855–56, an indigenous rebellion against American colonialism: how two Black settlers were killed defending their fellow settlers from Indigenous combatants, how a Métis person from eastern Canada helped lead the rebellion despite being thousands of miles from his home, and how a young military officer from Charleston, South Carolina, argued for the rights of indigenous people, despite being the son of the Governor of South Carolina and the owner of over 600 African slaves.
Pathways for History and Memory
Authors: DeLucia Christine
Published: September 2023

This conclusion to the volume synthesizes key themes, methods, and interpretive implications of the preceding case studies. It summarizes how contributors have approached foundational considerations in their research and analysis, such as defining violence broadly rather than narrowly; adopting expansive rather than delimited time scales; and reckoning with silences and absences as well as presences in material traces. In addition, it reflects on the varying perspectives adopted by the contributors regarding collaborations with community knowledge-keepers and other stakeholders, and scholarly researchers’ own relationships with critique and social justice in the present. All of these considerations invite further discussion about the continuing impacts of the past in the twenty-first century. Finally, the conclusion weaves in recent debates and confrontations over monuments across North America to probe how such sites of decolonial contestation may be perceived and engaged in the future, by diverse communities.
Evaluating Mid- to Late Holocene Economic Intensification through Analysis of a Mollusk Assemblage on the Tropical North Australian Coast
Authors: Wright Martin , Faulkner Patrick , Westaway Michael
Published: September 2023

Processes of economic intensification are often viewed as having been a direct result of increasing population density. This chapter presents a method for identifying population pressure based on the analysis of site occupation data and zooarchaeological assemblages, with an emphasis on mollusk harvesting and consumption. The model uses optimal foraging theory and Boserupian economic intensification to identify signals that are indicative of population pressure and is applied to shell midden material from the Yindayin rock shelter in far north Queensland, Australia. The analysis of the Yindayin assemblage demonstrates that economic intensification, and therefore population pressure, did not become apparent until the last 150 years of occupation at the site. Prior to that period, changes in foraging behavior are more likely to be responses to environmental and climate change rather than population pressure. This has important implications for how we consider complex, non-directional aspects of human behavior and engagement with coastal ecosystems alongside models of economic intensification and population stress.
Fisher-Hunter-Gatherer Complexity on California’s Channel Islands
Authors: Fauvelle Mikael , Perry Jennifer E.
Published: September 2023

The Late and Historical Period Chumash and Tongva societies of southern California are canonical examples of complex maritime hunter-gatherers. This chapter explains the origins of economic and political complexity on southern California’s islands and coasts by focusing on the need of leaders to provision feasts, ceremonies, and other ritual activities. Drawing on the concept of the Ritual Economy, the chapter focuses on the evidence for the procurement and conveyance of numerous resources, including raw materials and formal tools, that were required for ritual performances and ceremonial activities. Many high-value items such as soapstone bowls, charmstones, bone whistles, and red ochre were patchily distributed across the region, of which some originate from single islands or sources, and would have been exchanged between islands as well as across the mainland coast. Shell beads produced by island bead specialists would have circulated in tandem with many of these goods. Surplus foods may also have been exchanged to support feasting. The ritual economy perspective employed in this chapter represents a move away from models of hunter-gatherer exchange focused on subsistence provisioning and toward an approach that accounts for the agency of individuals who sought to fulfill their ritual obligations.
A Surgeon among Surgeons
Authors: Gavette Peter
Published: September 2023

The discovery of human remains in a pit outside a former military post hospital at Point San Jose, San Francisco, elicited questions such as why anatomized remains would be deposited in this fashion, where the remains came from, who they represented, and who was responsible. This chapter seeks to answer some of those questions, beginning with an examination of the medical staff at Point San Jose. Circumstantial evidence is presented that points to a particular surgeon, Edwin Bentley, whose analogous activities elsewhere suggest he was the individual responsible for the remains. Bentley was an early educator in the field of anatomy and innovator in surgical practice in the Civil War and post–Civil War period. Evidence also indicates the San Francisco City and County Hospital as the most likely source for the cadavers represented in the pit.
Analysis of Commingled Human Remains and Element Representation from the Point San Jose Collection
Authors: Cox Maria , Sgheiza Valerie , Mijal Samuel A. , Broehl Kristen A. , MacInnes Heather , Bartelink Eric J.
Published: September 2023

This chapter assesses the number of individuals represented by the commingled remains recovered from the Point San Jose assemblage using quantitative zooarchaeology methods of Minimum Number of Individuals and Most Likely Number of Individuals as well as portable X-ray fluorescence, a chemical method. Representation of skeletal elements is described by element type and body region and compared to a skeletal assemblage of known association with anatomical dissection to test the hypothesis that remains were accumulated in the Point San Jose assemblage through activities associated with anatomical dissection. Quantitative methods produced a minimum number of individuals of 25, a most likely number of individuals of 30 with a range of 25–40 people, and a recovery rate of 32–38%. Similarities in recovery rates with the comparative assemblage and low recovery of the skull and femur (suggesting possible retention as anatomical specimens) support dissection as an explanation for the Point San Jose assemblage.
Paleopathology and Nonspecific Stress Indicators at Point San Jose
Authors: Milligan Colleen F. , Broehl Kristen A. , Hart Kelsie , Reeves Vanessa C. , Wells Karin , Bartelink Eric J.
Published: September 2023

This chapter presents the results of the paleopathology analysis of the Point San Jose medical waste deposit. Both bone and dental pathologies were examined, including infectious, metabolic, trauma, and degenerative pathologies. The results are compared with deposits representing similar contexts and time periods, namely the Holden Chapel and Medical College of Georgia sample. Overall, the Point San Jose results indicate that approximately 20 percent of the skeletal elements showed pathological changes with joint disease being the most prevalent change observed. The level of observed pathologies suggests that the deposit is similar to other nineteenth-century samples and is not indicative of a sample assembled because it’s pathological significance.
Bodies Apart
Authors: Hall Sarah A.
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses embodied structural violence in the skeletal assemblage at Point San Jose (PSJ) in San Francisco, CA (1863–1903). The commingled assemblage comprised thousands of human bones, many with cut mark damage suggesting that they were used for anatomical dissection. Dissection was highly stigmatized during the nineteenth century, and consequently individuals who were marginalized in life were vulnerable in death to this partible practice. This chapter explores the ways structural violence was embodied in these skeletal remains during life and, particularly, after death, focusing on the ways that dissection practices served to perpetuate marginalization of these disembodied persons and critically examining the role of bioarchaeology in these contexts.
Epoxides: methods of synthesis, reactivity, practical significance
Authors: Mamedova V. L. , Khikmatova G. Z. , Korshin D. E. , Mamedova S. V K. , Gavrilova E. L. , Mamedov V. A O.
Published: September 2023

This review systematically summarizes recent literature data on the chemistry of epoxides published from 2010 to 2021 and, in part, in 2022. Epoxides are an important class of compounds, which are valuable building blocks in the design of new structures serving as the basis for many practically important compounds. Epoxy derivatives have long attracted the attention of synthetic chemists, as confirmed by a number of name reactions associated with their synthesis. The review describes methods for the synthesis of epoxy compounds, including both improved classical and new approaches, considers chemical reactions involving epoxides, discusses the practical significance of such compounds in relation to the synthesis of natural products, drugs and polymer structures and the CO and CO2 utilization. Much attention is paid to the issues of asymmetric synthesis, which enable one to get a general idea on the current trends in the chemistry of epoxides. The most unexpected rearrangements of functionalized epoxides are considered and the role of epoxy compounds in the synthesis of various carbo- and heterocyclic systems is discussed.
 The bibliography includes 555 references.
Recent developments of Fe-based metal-organic frameworks and their composites in photocatalytic applications: fundamentals, synthesis and challenges
Authors: Ikreedeegh R. R.
Published: September 2023

Nowadays, the use of efficient nanomaterials in the photocatalytic applications are highly demanded to maximize the utilization of solar light energy for sustainable fuel production and environmental remediation. Recently, there has been a growing research on the use of metal-organic framework (MOF) materials as photocatalysts owing to their unique structures and optoelectronic properties. Among these MOF materials, Fe-based MOF photocatalysts have attracted much attention in all fields of photocatalysis due to the presence of extensive iron–oxo (Fe–O) clusters which increase the visible light harvesting. Moreover, iron is considered as one of the low-cost and earth-abundant metals. In this mini-review, the recent developments in Fe-based MOF synthesis techniques with their major photocatalytic applications in oxygen production, hydrogen production, CO2 reduction and pollutant photodegradation are summarized and deliberately explained. Finally, the main challenges regarding the Fe-based MOF photocatalysis with the future recommendations are addressed
 The bibliography includes 175 references.
Photosynthetic microbial fuel cells: practical applications of electron transfer chains
Authors: Voloshin R. A. , Bozieva A. M. , Bruce B. D. , Allakhverdiev S. I.
Published: September 2023

Membrane electron transfer underlies the central metabolic pathways for energy conversion. The photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport chains are complex apparatuses capable of generating a transmembrane proton gradient from sunlight or chemical energy. Recent exploitation of these apparatuses as energy convertors is of interest due to the availability and eco-friendliness of the biomaterial. Devices that utilize chemotrophic microorganisms to generate electricity have been known for over one hundred years. In these systems, called microbial fuel cells (MFC), one or more microorganisms catalyze charge transfer from a consumable substrate (acetate, glucose, etc.) to the electrode. Recently, MFCs based on phototrophic organisms have been actively developed. These devices, called photosynthetic microbial fuel cells (PMFC), still resemble the conventional MFC in that they also use living microbial cells to convert chemicals to electrical energy. However, the distinction between these two classes of fuel cells is that the MFC utilizes only the chemical energy of the organic substrate. At the same time, PMFCs are also capable of using solar energy. Common to both devices is the ability to utilize intrinsic electron transfer chains of bacterial metabolism as the primary mechanism of energy conversion. The widespread and accessible solar energy may permit PMFCs based on photosynthesis to become an inexpensive and efficient method for sunlight conversion. MFCs based on heterotrophs may be more promising in wastewater remediation and other ecological applications. This article reviews the latest advances in this field and emphasizes the remaining challenges.
 The bibliography includes 205 references.
Nanocellulose and its polymer composites: preparation, characterization, and applications
Authors: Abdel-Hakim A. , Mourad R.
Published: September 2023

Natural and synthetic polymeric materials are in high demand that continues to increase year after year, making them essential part of human life. By employing cellulose and cellulose derivatives as fillers for either synthetic or natural polymers, the environmental impact of non-biodegradable materials can be reduced. Nanocellulose (NC) materials have recently gained a lot of interest as potential fillers for reinforcing polymeric materials. The article highlights the different sources of NC, including plant sources, marine algae, bacteria and sea animals. The use of dewaxing solvents, alkali, bleaching agents, enzymes, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO), ammonium persulfate (APS), ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents and steam explosion for pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials was explained. In addition, this review considers the extraction methods, including mechanical fibrillation for the production of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and acid hydrolysis for the production of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). Furthermore, the article discusses recent advances in the fabrication of NC polymer composites, such as the melt mixing process, solution casting, 3D printing, electrospinning and pickering emulsions methods. The different characterization techniques of NC polymer composites were discussed in this article. Many promising applications of NC polymer composites, such as sensors, electronics, fuel cells, construction, paper and board, biomedical, food packaging, water purification, aerogels, and hydrogels are considered.
 The bibliography includes 299 references.
Bluegrass Paradise
Authors: O'Dell Gary A.
Published: September 2023

In the earliest days of the United States as settlers made their way west and into what would eventually become Kentucky, they were faced with many challenges in the task of surveying and claiming new and unknown land. Among the highest priorities for new residents was to determine if their chosen homestead could provide the fertile soil and fresh water they needed to sustain life and service their agricultural needs. Kentucky, with its underlying base of predominantly limestone rock—perfectly suited to the natural formation of caves, sinking streams, and springs of cool water—proved the ideal location on which to build their new lives. In Bluegrass Paradise: Royal Spring and the Birth of Georgetown, Kentucky, author Gary A. O'Dell tells the story of the Royal Spring, the largest spring in central Kentucky. Practical and essential to the creation of a successful settlement, the spring and its location became the primary reason pioneers would eventually congregate here and found the city of Georgetown as one of the earliest Kentucky communities. In the ensuing 250 years, the Royal Spring has faithfully served the water needs of the community and the locale remains a cherished cultural and historical asset that provides greenspace within a rapidly growing city.
Athens on the Frontier
Authors: Lucas Patrick Lee
Published: September 2023

In 1811, architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe spurred American builders into action when he called for them to reject "the corrupt Age of Dioclesian, or the still more absurd and debased taste of Louis the XIV," and to emulate instead the ancient temples of Greece. In response, people in the antebellum trans-Appalachian region embraced the clean lines, intricate details, and stately symmetry of the Grecian style. On newly built public buildings, private homes, and religious structures, references to classical Greek architecture became the preferred ornamentation. Several antebellum cities and towns adopted the moniker of "Athens," styling themselves as centers of culture, education, and sophistication. As the trend grew, American citizens understood the name as a link between the Grecian style and the founding principles of democracy—signaling a change of taste in service to the larger American cultural ideal. In Athens on the Frontier, Patrick Lee Lucas examines the material culture of Grecian-style buildings in antebellum America to help recover nineteenth-century regional identities. As communities worked to define their built landscape and develop a shared Western identity, Lucas's study invites readers to question many of the assumptions Americans have made about divisions and cultural formation in antebellum society.
The Freedom Movement's Lost Legacy
Authors: Griffler Keith P.
Published: September 2023

In the century after emancipation, the long shadow of slavery left African Americans well short of the freedom promised to them. While sharecropping and debt peonage entrapped Black people in the South, European colonialism had bred a new slavery that menaced the liberty of even more Africans. A core group of Black freedom movement leaders, including Ida B. Wells and W. E. B. Du Bois, followed their nineteenth-century predecessors in insisting that the continuation of racial slavery anywhere put Black freedom on the line everywhere. They even predicted the consequences that ignited the recent nationwide Black Lives Matter movement—the rise of a prison industrial complex and the consequent erosion of African Americans' faith in the criminal justice system.
The Freedom Movement's Lost Legacy: Black Abolitionism since Emancipation is the first historical account of the Black freedom movement's response to modern slavery in the twentieth century. Keith P. Griffler details how the mainstream international antislavery movement became complicit in the enslavement of Black and brown people across the world through its sponsorship of racist international antislavery law that gave the "new slavery" explicit legal sanction. Black freedom movement activists, thinkers, and organizers did more than call out this breathtaking betrayal of abolitionist principles: they dedicated themselves to the eradication of slavery in whatever forms it assumed on the global stage and developed an expansive vision of human freedom. This timely and important work reminds us that the resurgence of today's Black freedom movements is a manifestation and continuation of the traditions and efforts of these early Black leaders and abolitionists—an important chapter in the history of antislavery and the ongoing Black freedom struggle.
Evaluation of the Short-Time Empowerment Intervention Package of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran to Reduce Domestic Violence
Authors: Taaki Fateme , Ghahhari Shahrbanoo , Lotfi Mozhgan , Memaryan Nadereh
Published: September 2023

Background: Domestic violence is any act to gain authority and control over a spouse, intimate partner, girlfriend/boyfriend, or close family member. Domestic violence against women or intimate partner violence (IPV) is prevalent in many parts of the world, ranging from 15% to 75%, depending on the definition and perception of violence. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the short-time empowerment intervention package for women with domestic violence developed at the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Tehran. Methods: The method of this study was a historical cohort. The researcher-made tool consisted of 30 questions based on the materials contained in the short-time empowerment intervention package. It was provided to 200 women referred to comprehensive healthcare centers who had previously been screened for domestic violence. Of these, 100 people in the experimental group received telephone intervention from a psychologist, and 100 people in the control group received telephone intervention without receiving the intervention. They were asked questions about the tool. Results: The results showed that there were no significant differences between the two groups of women with intervention and women without intervention in 5 areas of safety capabilities, recognizing high-risk situations, designing strategies to deal with high-risk situations, skills to deal with spouse anger, reduce anxiety and stress for themselves and their children (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The findings indicate that the short-time empowerment intervention package for women with domestic violence could not empower women to prevent the recurrence of violence and needs revision.
Implementation of Interactive Multimedia to Improve Understanding of Arabic Rules in Jar and Athaf Letters
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad , Arif Muh
Published: September 2023

Background: Interactive multimedia, a combination of text, images, animation and audio, is needed to improve Arabic learning outcomes.
Purpose: This study aims to determine whether the application of Interactive Multimedia can improve understanding of Arabic language rules on Jar and Athaf material.
Method: This research is class action research. The research stages were carried out in four stages; action planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection. Data sources were obtained from teachers and 13 class XI social studies students at Madrasah Aliyah al-Ashriyah, West Sulawesi Province. Data collection techniques include; 1) Observation and 2) Test. This test was given at the end of each cycle. The test scores were used to evaluate students' learning achievement on the rules of Jar and Athaf letters as a measure of success in this study. The implementation of the research begins with a pre-cycle as a comparison material, then enters the first cycle. Suppose it is known where the successes and obstacles of the actions taken in the process are. The researcher determines the design for cycle II as an additional improvement from the previous step. If it has not reached the research target, it can be continued with cycle III.
Results and Discussion: The results of this study indicate that the learning activeness of students in Arabic language subjects on the material of Jar letters and Athaf letters from the pre-cycle only obtained an average of 54.25 with a qualitative index (D) "Less" to increase in cycle I by 65 with an index (C) "Enough" and increased significantly in cycle II to 84.12% with a qualitative index (A) "Excellent". Likewise, the demand for learning outcomes in Arabic language subjects on Jar and Athaf letters continues to increase from pre-cycle only 23.07% (3 students) with an average score of 61.15, then increased in cycle I to 53.83% (7 students) with an average score of 67.69. While the completeness of student learning in cycle II can reach 84.59% (11 students) with an average score of 82.30.
Conclusions and Implications: The use of interactive multimedia in learning the Arabic language subject matter of Jar letters and Athaf letters can increase students' activeness and learning outcomes in class XI IPS Madrasah Aliyah al-Ashriyah Polewali Mandar Regency Sulawesi Province. This research implies that educators can apply this interactive multimedia for other Arabic language materials so that class action research is not only on jar and athaf material but covers all components of Arabic language materials taught at school.