bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Разработка технологии и экспериментальное исследование противоязвенной активности гастроретентивных таблеток с экстрактом коры осины сухим
Authors: Крылова Светлана Геннадьевна , Турецкова Вера Феопеновна , Макарова Олеся Геннадьевна , Зуева Елена Петровна
Published: March 2018

В результате исследований выявлено, что для обеспечения гастроретентивного действия таблеток с экстрактом коры осины сухим наиболее рационально использовать в качестве матричной платформы синергическую пару полимеров — гуара и карбоксиметилцеллюлозы (КМЦ) (1:1). На ее основе разработан состав и технология гастроретентивных таблеток «Экорсин ГР» методом прессования с предварительной сухой грануляцией таблетируемой смеси. В опытах «in vitro» установлено, что эти таблетки (за счет увеличения и сохранения своего диаметра более 15 мм в среде, соответствующей pH желудка) способны длительное время удерживаться в желудке и оказывать направленное гастрозащитное действие в течение 22 ч с постепенным высвобождением действующих веществ. Предложены показатели качества и нормы экспериментальной лекарственной формы «Экорсин ГР». Исследование противоязвенной активности на модели индометацинового ульцерогенеза свидетельствует о превалирующем действии гастроретентивных таблеток «Экорсин ГР» по сравнению с эффективностью ранее разработанных таблетированной и капсулированной лекарственных форм экстракта коры осины сухого.
Сравнительная оценка спектрофотометрической и хроматографической (ВЭЖХ) методик определения 3-фенэтилроданина в субстанции, обладающей антиканцерогенной активностью
Authors: Новожилова Наталья Евгеньевна , Кутина Наталия Николаевна , Харитонов Юрий Яковлевич
Published: March 2018

Проведена сравнительная экспериментальная и расчетно-статистическая оценка спектрофотометрической и хроматографической (ВЭЖХ) методик определения 3-фенэтилроданина (ЦФЭТ) в субстанции. Показано, что обе методики обладают хорошей воспроизводимостью и правильностью и могут быть рекомендованы в качестве равнозначных альтернативных методик количественного определения ЦФЭТ в субстанции.
Разработка и валидация методики определения анилокаина в плазме крови методом ВЭЖХ с УФ-детектированием
Authors: Рыжикова Варвара Андреевна , Курсаков Сергей Васильевич , Белов Вячеслав Юрьевич , Севастьянов Виктор Иванович
Published: March 2018

Разработана методика определения анилокаина в плазме крови крыс методом ВЭЖХ c УФ-детектированием. Пробоподготовку проводили жидкость-жидкостной экстракцией смесью 1-бутанол — гексан (2:98 об./об.) и последующей реэкстракцией 0,1 % водным раствором муравьиной кислоты. Хроматографический анализ осуществляли в изократическом режиме на колонке Nucleodur HILIC с подвижной фазой ацетонитрил — 25 мМ раствор формиата аммония (85:15) при длине волны 205 нм. Методика валидирована по следующим параметрам: специфичность, эффект переноса, линейность, прецизионность, правильность, пределы количественного определения, допустимость разбавления, стабильность. Аналитический диапазон методики составил 25 – 1000 нг/мл. Разработанная методика может быть применена для исследования фармакокинетики препаратов анилокаина.
Ethics Governance Outside the Box: Reimagining Blockchain as a Policy Tool to Facilitate Single Ethics Review and Data Sharing for the 'omics' Sciences
Authors: Rahimzadeh Vaso
Published: March 2018

Clinical research and health information data sharing are but ripples in a growing wave of reimagined applications of distributed ledger technologies beyond the digital marketplace for which they were originally created. This paper explores the use of distributed ledger technologies to facilitate single institutional ethics review of multi-site, collaborative studies in the dataintensive sciences such as genetics and genomics. Immutable record-keeping, automatable protocol amendments and direct connectivity between stakeholders in the research enterprise (e.g., researchers, research ethics committees, institutions, funders and regulators) comprise several of the conceptual and technological advantages of distributed ledger technologies to research ethics review. This novel-use proposal dovetails recent policy reforms to research ethics review across North America that mandate a single ethics review for any study that takes place across more than one research site. Such reforms in the United States, Canada and Australia replace prior institution-by-institution approval mechanisms that contributed to significant research delays and duplicative procedures for collaborative research worldwide. While this paper centers on the Common Rule revision in the United States, the single ethics review mandate is a noteworthy example of regulation evolving in parallel with advances in the dataintensive sciences it governs. The informational exchange capacities of distributed ledger technologies align well with the procedural goals of streamlining the ethics review system under the new Common Rule ahead of its official implementation on January 19, 2020. The ethical, legal and social implications of applying such technologies to ethics review will be explored in this concept paper. Namely, the paper proposes how administrative data from research ethics committees (REC) could be protected and shared responsibly, as well as interinstitutional cooperation negotiated within a centralized network of research ethics committees using the blockchain.

Keywords: Blockchain, Data Sharing, Ethics Review, Governance, IRB, Research, Single Mutual Recognition
KONTAK PEMUTUS DAYA PADA TEGANGAN PEMULIHAN DALAM MELINDUNGI JARINGAN TRANSMISI TEGANGAN TINGGI
Authors: Purwita Bambang Satria
Published: March 2018

Pada umumnya kita telah mengetahui seringnya gangguan terhadap jaringan transmisiadalah gangguan alam, seperti gangguan kilat terhadap jaringan transmisi disebabkan jaringantransmisi yang melalu udara, panjang, tinggi dan tersebar diberbagai daerah terbuka sertaberoperasi dalam segala macam kondisi. Diantara pertimbangan-pertimbangan yang diambildalam perancangan pemerisaian saluran transmisi adalah letak kawat tanah terhadap kawat fasa.Karena kawat tanah saja, sehingga persentase kecil saja pada kawat fasa. Dan sampai sekarangbelum ada sarjana-sarjana yang menunjukan kegunaan kilat bagi kehidupan, belum mendapat jalanuntuk mencegah atau memanfaatkan energi yang ditimbulkan oleh petir tersebut. Walaupundemikian ilmu pengetahuan menusia tetap berkembang dengan kemajuan teknologi. Dengan salahsatu alat pengaman, kawat udara (Overhead Ground Wire) untuk melindungi kawat- kawat fasadari jaringan transmisi.
TINGKAT PEMAHAMAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP INSTALASI RUMAH TINGGAL DIKAMPUNG BARU BLITAR
Authors: Yufron Ahmad
Published: March 2018

Tingkat pengetahuan dasar masyarakat tentang instalasi listrik rumah tinggal dikampung baru kecamatan wlingi blitar berpengaruh terhadap pemakaian dan pemanfaatanlistrik sehingga bahaya yang dapat ditimbulkan oleh listrik dapat kita cegah serta antisipasidalam pemasangan instalasi listrik dengan pengetahuan yang benar tentang instalasi listrikrumah tinggal sesuai dengan standar persyaratan umum instalasi listrik (PUIL) sertamasyarakat dapat menggunakan energi listrik secara aman dan benar sesuai dengan dayayang terpasang.Listrik dapat dikatakan sebagai aliran arus elektron. Energi listrik tidakdapat dilihat bentuknya tetapi yang dapat dilihat hanya efeknya saja. Instalasi listrik rumahtinggal adalah listrik untuk pembangkitan, distribusi, pelayanan dan pemakaian tenagalistriknya memakai tegangan rendah setinggi-tingginya 1.000V yang dimanfaatkan untukpenerangan dan alat listrik lainnya dengan tegangan nominal 220 Volt dan pembatas arus10A.Sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu pelanggan PLN Tarakan di kampung barukecamatan wlingi blitaryang diambil menggunakan teknik prosentase sampling darimasyarakat kampung baru kecamatan wlingi blitardengan menggunakan tiga variabelpenelitian yaitu mengenai dasar-dasar kelistrikan, pemasangan instalasi rumah tinggal sertakeselamatan kerja. Dasar-dasar kelistrikan meliputi beberapa aspek yaitu pengertian listrik,tenaga listrik, sumber tenaga listrik dan manfaat listrik; Pemasangan instalasi listrikmeliputi aspek syarat pemasangan instalasi listrik dan perlengkapan instalasi listrik; danKeselamatan kerja meliputi aspek tindakan pengamanan dan aspek bahaya gangguan listrik.Disain penelitian yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah disain penelitian eksplorasidengan metode survei yaitu mengumpulkan data sebanyak-banyaknya mengenai kualitassubyek yang bertujuan untuk menggambarkan keadaan subyek dalam hal ini tingkatpengetahuan dasar masyarakat tentang instalasi rumah tinggal di kampung Enam kecamatanTarakan kota Tarakan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan dasarmasyarakat tentang instalasi rumah tinggal di kampung baru kecamatan wlingi blitartentangvariabel dasar-dasar kelistrikan termasuk tinggi (70 %); variabel pemasangan instalasilistrik rumah tinggal termasuk tinggi (75,25 %) serta tentang variabel keselamatan kerjajuga termasuk tinggi (76,58 %).Untuk tingkat pengetahuan dasar masyarakat secara umumdigolongkan menjadi beberapa tingkatan yaitu sangat tinggi 26,67 % , Tinggi 62 % dansedang 11,33 %. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat tentanginstalasi rumah tinggal termasuk tinggi sehingga pelanggan PLN di kampung barukecamatan wlingi blitarmengerti mengenai dasar-dasar kelistrikan, sudah baik dalampemasangan instalasi serta mengetahui pencegahan ataupun dapat melakukan pertolonganapabila terjadi suatu bahaya gangguan listrik
PERANAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI PROFESIONAL GURU DI SMA NEGERI 1 CERENTI KABUPATEN KUANTAN SINGINGI
Authors: Mairizal Mairizal
Published: March 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kompetensi guru di SMA Negeri 1 Cerenti dan untuk mengetahui bagaimana strategi kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan profesionalisme guru di SMA Negeri 1 Cerenti. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif, yaitu penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dan menggambarkan kondisi nyata dari objek penelitian. Berdasarkan analisis dan pembahasan peneliti dapat menyimpulkan kompetensi profesional guru SMA Negeri 1 Cerenti sangat baik. Hal ini dapat diketahui berdasarkan prosentase rata-rata yang didapat dari hasil penelitian yaitu sebesar 94,38%, yang meliputi indikator penguasaan materi, kemampuan membuka pelajaran, kemampuan bertanya, kemampuan mengadakan variasi pembelajaran, kejelasan dan penyajian materi, kemampuan mengelola kelas dan kemampuan menutup pelajaran. Kemudian upaya kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan kompetensi profesional guru SMA Negeri 1 Cerenti sudah optimal. Hal ini dapat diketahui berdasarkan prosentase rata-rata yang diperoleh sebesar 85,71%. Penilaian ini dilihat dari adanya pelaksanaan supervisi pembelajaran yakni melalui observasi kelas, kunjungan kelas maupun pembinaan langsung kepada para guru. kemudian, adanya kegiatan pelatihan, pemberian kesempatan pada guru untuk aktif dalam MGMP, dan kepala sekolah juga memberikan reward bagi guru yang berprestasi
IMPLEMENTASI METODE DEMONSTRASI DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS SHOLAT BERJAMAAH SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN PAI
Authors: Susilawati Susilawati
Published: March 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran metode demonstrasi sehingga siswa dapat beraktifitas dan berpartisipasi dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas sholat siswa pada pembelajaran PAI tentang sholat berjamaah. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian tindakan kelas model Kurl Lewin yang terdiri dari dua siklus yang setiap siklusnya terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu: perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Berdasarkan analisis dan pembahasan peneliti dapat menyimpulkan bahwa melalui model pembelajaran demonstrasi sebagian besar siswa sudah memperlihatkan prediket MK (Membudaya/Kebiasaan) yaitu siswa terus menerus memperlihatkan perilaku yang dinyatakan dalam indikator secara konsisten. Adapun belajar dengan menggunakan LKPD, sangat membantu merangsang minat dan aktifitas siswa belajar, sehingga suasana dalam berdiskusipun berkesan asik dan menyenangkan. Dengan adanya kegiatan demonstrasi yang dilakukan berulang-ulang, siswa sudah dapat memposisikan dirinya ketika menjadi imam, menjadi makmum biasa maupun makmum masbuq
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TEAMS GAMES TOURNAMEN (TGT) PADA MATERI POKOK SISTEM PERSAMAAN LINEAR DAN PERTIDAKSAMAAN SATU VARIABEL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR
Authors: Gusti Erni
Published: March 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa melalui penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Subyek yang melakukan tindakan dalam penelitian ini adalah peneliti sebagai guru matematika kelas X  serta rekan sesama peneliti sebagai pengamat, sedangkan subjek yang dikenai tindakan adalah siswa kelas X.3 SMAN 1 Perhentian Raja .Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada semester 1 tahun pelajaran 2015/2016. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus selama 10(sepuluh) kali pertemuan. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode pokok yang meliputi observasi dan tes tertulis serta metode bantu yang meliputi catatan lapangan, wawancara dan dokumetasi. Untuk menjamin validitas data digunakan teknik pengamatan Analisis data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode alur. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan: Penerapan model pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Teams Games Tournamen (TGT) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas X.3 SMAN 1 Perhentian Raja” . Dengan penerapan model ini diperoleh bahwa tingkat ketuntasan peserta didik 59,37% menjadi 78,12% dan hasil belajar siswa meningkat dari 60,28% menjadi 77,63%.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR KETERAMPILAN PSIKOMOTOR FISIKA SISWA MELALUI PENDEKATANCONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING
Authors: Delti Maini
Published: March 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauhmana hasil belajar keterampilan psikomotor fisika siswa melalui pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) dapat meningkatkan aktifitas dan hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus dengan lima kali pertemuan. Dari penelitian tindakan kelas ini diperoleh data bahwa terjadi peningkatan aktifitas belajar siswa dari siklus I ke siklus II. Hal ini ditandai dengan tercapainya indikator keberhasilan yang telah ditetapkan dalam penelitian ini. Siswa yang ada pada awal-awal siklus merasa aneh dan tidak bergairah dalam belajar, pada akhir siklus II, siswa sangat antusias dengan proses pembelajaran. Hasil observasi indikator aktifitas dalam proses pembelajaran akhir siklus I dan siklus II memperlihatkan bahwa siswa yang bekerja sesuai prosedur yang diberikan LKS. Kemampuan siswa dalam menggunakan alat, membaca skala pada alat mengalami kemajuan yang sangat berarti. Terlihat dari semakin terbiasanya siswa belajar dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran. Dari hasil belajar diperoleh rata-rata daya serap dari 52.50 % (pada akhir siklus I) menjadi 88.22 % (pada akhir siklus II) dengan kategori Amat Baik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian penerapan pendekatan CTL dikatakan efektif . Kriteria keberhasilan yang ditetapkan dalam penelitian ini tercapai dengan sempurna, bahkan melebihi target. Sehingga dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar keterampilan psikomotor siswa kelas XI. IPA.1 SMAN 2 Siakhulu
PENINGKATKAN KINERJA GURU DALAM MENETAPKAN KRITERIA KETUNTASAN MINIMAL (KKM) MELALUI WORKSHOP
Authors: Yetti Yus
Published: March 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mendiskripsikan Peningkatan Kinerja Guru Dalam Menetapkan Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) Melaluiworkshop DiSMA Negeri 1 Perhentian Raja. Subjek yang diamati adalah guru-guru SMA Negeri 1 Perhentian Raja yang berjumlah 19 orang. Strategi penyelesaian masalah yang digunakan adalah melaluiworkshop. Penilaian kinerja guru dalam menetapkan kriteria ketuntasan minimal di SMA Negeri 1 Perhentian Raja dapat dilakukan melalui pengamatan dan pemantau guru dalam kegiatanworkshop. Dari hasil analisisdiperoleh hasil bahwa,workshop sangat efektif untuk meningkatakan kinerja guru dalam menetapkan KKM, karena guru memiliki kesempatanmendiskusikan secara bersama-sama untuk mengkaji dan memecahkan permasalahan berdasarkan keadaan di lapangan, kemudian dapatmemperbaikinya atau melakukantindak lanjut pada siklus berikutnya secaraterus menerus apabila masalah belum terselesaikan.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, pembahasan, simpulan dan saran, yang dapat dikemukakan adalah sebagai berikut:1) Perlu dilaksanakanworkshop yang bertujuan untuk membantu guru dalam memecahkan permasalahan yang ditemui terutama dalam penetapan KKM dan sekaligus membantu guru dalam menetapkan KKM pada tahun berikutnya, 2)Pelaksanaan tindakan siklus I dan siklus II berjalan denga baik sehingga menunjukkan hasil yang menggembirakan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan, 3) bahwaworkshop dapat meningkatkan kinerjaguru SMA Negeri 1 Perhentian Rajadalam menetapkan KKM,Oleh karena itu guru perlu selalu mengasah diri dalam menguasai langkah-langkah penetapan KKM dan mengaplikasikannya dalam pelaksanaan dan penilaian pembelajaran, 4) Peningkatan kemampuan dan keterampilan guru dalam menetapkan KKM perlu selalu ditingkatkan sehingga pembelajaran dapat berjalan dengan baik dalam upaya peningkatan mutu pendidikan
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TEAM GAMESTOURNAMENT (TGT) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR BIOLOGI
Authors: Nurhidayah Siti
Published: March 2018

Aktivitas dan hasil belajar kelas XII IPA3 SMA Negeri 2 Siakhulu belum memuaskan. Strategi dan metode yang digunakan oleh para guru ini belum mampu meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Biologi. Diperlukan upaya untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa biologi dengan menerapkan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan proses peningkatan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa dalam memfokuskan materi biologis pada metabolisme di kelas XII IPA3 SMA Negeri 2 Siakhulu Kabupaten Kampar dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Team Games Tournament (TGT). Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) pada materimetabolisme. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XII IPA3 SMA Negeri 2 Siakhulu Kabupaten Kampar. Penelitian terdiri dari dua siklus, masing-masing siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Instrumen penelitian berupa observasi lembar kegiatan siswa, lembar kegiatan siswa sains sikap siswa, lembar observasi guru, lembar hasil belajar lembar ujian. Data dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif untuk melihat peningkatan aktivitas, hasil belajar ilmiah dan siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa. Kegiatan meliputi perhatian guru terhadap penjelasan, mengajukan pertanyaan / tanggapan, mengisi lembar kerja, melakukan permainan, dan menjawab pertanyaan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa dalam mata pelajaran biologi pada materi metabolisme kelas XII IPA3 SMA Negeri 2 Siakhulu Kabupaten Kampar..
UPAYA PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN SISWA DALAM READING COMPREHENSION PADA TEXT REPORT MELALUI PEDEKATAN SCIENTIFIC DI KELAS XI-MIA.5 SMAN 2 BANGKINANG KOTA TP 2016-2017
Authors: Maznum Maznum
Published: March 2018

Banyaknya jumlah jenis bacaan atau teks yang akan ditemukan dalam pembelajaran maka penulis memfokuskan pada satu teks yang akan penulis teliti yaitu : “ Reading Factual REPORT”. Penulis mengambil teks ini karena berdasarkan hasil test ulangan harian beberapa kelas di semester tahun sebelum penulisan penelitian ini ditemukan lebih dari 50 % siswa mendapat kan nilai di bawah standart KKM sekolah yaitu 70.  Oleh karena itu maka disini penulis mempunyai satu permasalahan terhadap Kompetensi Dasar (KD) dalam unit ini yaitu ( KD. 4.7 ) : Menanggap makna dalam taxt  ilmiah factual (factual report) lisan dan tulis, tentang orang, binantang, benda, gejala dan peristiwa alam dan sosial , terkait dengan mata pelajaran lain di kelas XI. Penerapan pembelajran dengan Pendekatan Scientific  memiliki pengaruh positif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa yang ditandai dengan peningkatan ketuntasan belajar siswa dalam setiap  siklus, yaitu Siklus  I 64.52 % menjadi  83.87 %  pada Siklus  II. Pembelajaran dengan Pendekatan Scientific  dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris .  Ini  ditunjukkan dengan  keaktifan siswa selama dalam prosese pembelajaran berlansung. Penggunaan media Laptop dan tayangan LCD memacu antusias siswa dalam berdiskusi ketikaka proses langkah  Mengamati, dan  Menanya.
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA BAGAN DENGAN IRAMA LAGU UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI METABOLISMEDI KELAS XII MIA5 SMAN 2 BANGKINANG KOTA
Authors: Masni Tuti
Published: March 2018

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh pengalaman penulis dan obervasi selama mengajar,  bahwa materi Metabolisme cukup sulit untuk dipahami dan dihafal siswa karena berkaitan dengan reaksi kimia dalam tubuh. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan rendahnyan nilai hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa dan dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu alternatif  bagi guru untuk memperbaiki proses pembelajaran dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMAN 2 Bangkinang Kota,pada semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2017/2018 pada bulan Agustus dan September pada materi Metabolisme (KD.3.2). Adapun Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XII MIA 5 yang berjumlah 29 orang. Siswa laki-laki berjumlah 11 orang dan siswa perempuan berjumlah 18 orang. Penelitian ini dilakukan sebanyak 2 siklus (Siklus I dan II) dan pada masing-masing Siklus terdiri dari 4 tahap,yaitu Perencanaan,tindakan,observasi dan refleksi.Hasil penelitian membuktikan adanya peningkatan aktifitas belajar siswa dan hasil belajar siswa.Pada Siklus I jumlah siswa yang tuntas 23 orang (79%) dan jumlah siswa tidak tuntas 6 orang(21%)dan daya serap 77,8% dengan kategori Cukup Baik sedangkan pada Siklus II meningkat yaitu : jumlah siswa yang tuntas 26 orang ( 89,6 %) dan tidak tuntas 3 orang (10,4%) dan daya serap 86,4% dengan kategori Amat Baik.
İşletmelerin Satışa Sunacağı Yeni Ürünlerin Pazarda Tutunmasını Etkileyen Faktörler
Authors: PAKSOY H. Mustafa
Published: March 2018

İnsanlığın varlığı ile ortaya çıkan ihtiyaçlar çeşitli ürün ve
hizmetlerle karşılanmaya çalışılmıştır. Ürün ve hizmetler, teknolojik
gelişmeler doğrultusunda geçmişten günümüze çeşitlenerek ve yenilenerek
gelmiştir. İşletmeler ihtiyaçlara uygun ürünler ve hizmetler sunarken, diğer
taraftan teknolojik imkanlarla üretilen yeni ürün ve hizmetler insanların
yaşamını kolaylaştırmıştır. Üretim süreci de bu gelişmeler doğrultusunda
değişim geçirmiştir. Özellikle Sanayi Devrimi, bu değişimin en önemli tarihsel
dönüm noktalarından birisidir. Sanayi Devrimi’nin getirdiği üretimde
makineleşme ile başlayan yenilik, bilgi-iletişim teknolojilerindeki hızlı
gelişmelerle ivme kazanarak devam etmektedir. Bu süreç, bilginin üretilmesini,
kullanılmasını ve saklanmasını kolaylaştırmış olup, işletmelerin bir anlamda
rekabet avantajlarını eşitlemiştir. Fakat işletmelerin tüketici taleplerini
doğru belirleyerek yeni ürünleri üretmesi ve pazarlanması rekabet üstünlüğü
sağlamaktadır.
Bioassay evaluation of toxicity reduction in common effluent treatment plant
Authors: Tyagi V. K. , Chopra A. K. , Durgapal N. C. , Kazmi A. A.
Published: March 2018

This paper investigates the utility and validity of bioassay toxicity testing using Daphnia magna straus as test organism for monitoring the common effluent treatment plant (CETP) receiving both industrial as well as domestic effluent. The average daphnia toxicity (Gd) at inlet, after primary settling tank (PST), secondary settling tank (SST) and tertiary treatment unit were reported as Gd-16, Gd-12, Gd-4 and Gd-1 respectively. However, a cumulative percentage removal in toxicity after PST, SST and tertiary treatment units was observed as 25%, 75% and 100%, respectively, during entire study period. It showed that a complete removal in daphnia toxicity (Gd) i.e.100% had been achieved only after tertiary treatment unit involving Dual Media Filters followed by activated carbon filters. Further attempts have been made to establish the relationship between key wastewater constituents i.e. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Suspended Solids (SS) with respects to daphnia toxicity (Gd). It was observed that COD and SS show a statistically significant correlation (r2) with daphnia toxicity (Gd) i.e. 0.89 and 0.81, respectively. Thus COD and SS can serve as a regulatory tool in lieu of an explicit toxicity standard (to check and improve the operational status of wastewatertreatment plants in time).
Imaging and visualising nanometre scale surface geometry of a crystalline mineral (SiO2) in monochromatic spectra
Authors: Dey Sudip , Sarkar Prasamita , Debbarma Chandrani
Published: March 2018

Digital microphotography and image analysis is considered as an important tool in sedimentology and mineralogy for the assessment of physical characteristics at micro and nano level. In this paper the present authors attempted to apply digital imaging technique to visualise the surface geometry of Quartz at nanometre scale. For that purpose a quartz specimen was picked up from microphotography of a thick section of sediment layer and 1?m X 1 ?m base image was prepared for digital operation with sophisticated software. Reflectance capacity of the particle has been considered to measure the surface condition. An automated contour plotting was done from the base image. Surface condition was also analysed by reflective radiance measurement. Four images based on greyscale, black body law, pseudo colour composition and landscape were prepared for detailed assessment of quartz nanomorphology. A 3D image was also consulted for understanding the geometry of the surface of quartz.
Preliminary phytochemical studies for the quantification of secondary metabolites of medicinal importance in the plant, Acalypha fruticosa Forssk
Authors: Anandakumar A. M. , Paulsamy S. , Kumar P. Sathish , Senthilkumar P.
Published: March 2018

The medicinal plant, Acalypha fruticosa Forssk for the treatment of dyspepsia, stomachache, fever, jaundice, skin diseases and even as an antidote is generally distributed in different environments of tropical region in Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu. However, its occurrence is more common in lower hills of Western Ghats and other habitats in this region where the soil is stony with low moisture. So far, there was no study on the influence of habitat conditions on the change in the content of secondary metabolites of medicinal importance in this plant. Hence to know the changes in the content of such secondary metabolites in the leaves of A. fruticosa, the present study was undertaken in three different habitats. Thin layer chromatography revealed the presence of phytochemical compounds viz., alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins in the leaves of all the three populations. Further the content of all these compounds are found to be higher in the population of dry habitats.
Metabolic changes during hibernating period in Indian common toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider, 1799)
Authors: Pratihar Suman , Kundu Jayanta Kumar
Published: March 2018

The present investigation reports the effect of hibernation on different blood-plasma biochemical parameters viz. plasma protein, plasma glucose and blood urea, thyroid hormone and cholesterol in the Indian Common toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus). The study indicated that the total plasma protein is decreased significantly in hibernating toads. The decline in thyroid hormone concentration had its behavioral and physiological response that leads to increase and sustain cholesterol level in serum. But plasma glucose was significantly decreased in hibernating toads. During the hibernating phase increased urea concentration in blood acts as cryoprotectant agent, which helps the hibernating animals to sustain in winter. Thus during hibernation these altered metabolic changes appear to be essential for survival.
Impact of changing ecophysiological conditions in blood urea levels of freshwater fish Wallago attu
Authors: Chandra Sudhish
Published: March 2018

Definite cyclic variations were observed in blood urea levels of freshwater catfish Wallago attu. The maximal mean blood urea level (8.44±1.96 mg/100 ml) was noted in the month of June while minimal level in December, revealing a difference of 65.87% between the two levels. Seasonal alterations observed here in W. altu were correlated with ecophysiological factors like temperature, food availability, body metabolism, breeding cycle and hormonal changes which have been essentially found to be involved in fish life.
Best fitting probability distributions for annual maximum discharge data of the river Kopili, Assam
Authors: Bhuyan Abhijit , Borah Munindra
Published: March 2018

In this study our main objective is to determine the best fitting probability distribution for annual maximum flood discharge data of river Kopili, Assam. Various probability distributions i.e. Gumbel (G), generalized extreme value (GEV), normal (N), log-normal (LN3), generalized logistic (GLO), generalized pareto (GPA) and Pearson type-III (PE3) have been used for our study. The L-moments methods have been used for estimating the parameters of all the distributions. The root mean square error (RMSE), model efficiency and D-index (fit in the top six values) together with L-moment ratio diagram is used for goodness of fit measure. It has been observed that Generalized Pareto is the best fitting probability distribution for annual maximum discharge data of river Kopili.
Premature harvesting of wild Musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum, Baker) and its impact on raw material quality: A case of Katni forest division, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Mishra Manish , Kotwal P. C.
Published: March 2018

Katni is a major raw medicinal plant market of Central India. An attempt has been made to find out prevalent harvesting method of Musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum) and visual inspection of raw (dry) market samples collected from Katni market. Musli tubers were found adulterated both intentionally and unintentionally by various stakeholders in the market. The stakeholders adopted malpractices like selling similar looking C. tuberosum, C. arundinaceum species of musli along with genuine (C. borivilianum) material and occasionally dried roots of different species. Major reasons for poor quality in the study area are premature root harvesting, mis-identification of species, mixing of similar looking species etc. The study recommends that harvesting should be done after maturation (November) and awareness about species identification, processing among various stakeholders is required.
Evaluation of Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) and Bahia grass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) for short-term drought tolerance targeting low-maintenance landscaping
Authors: Beneragama Chalinda Koshitha , Kapila Kumara Ganege Don
Published: March 2018

Drought responses of turf-type Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) and Bahia grass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) in relation to their growth, carbon allocation and accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrates were investigated. Seedlings were exposed to a 20 day terminal drought, followed by 20 day recovery with irrigation. Leaf dry matter was lower in water-stressed plants than control plants by the end of drought, but did not differ in roots. For both species, more carbon was allocated towards roots in response to drought. Total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) concentration in shoots was increased in drought-stressed plants of both species. However, root TNC concentrations in Bahia grass were decreased after drought. TNC pool sizes also showed a similar variation, hence correlated with TNC concentrations. Bahia grass maintained a better quality than Bermuda grass after the drought, having recorded a higher aesthetic score, higher relative water content and a lower electrolyte leakage. Results suggest that, both species are considerably tolerant to short-term drought though Bahia grass seems more promising.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(1): 12-16
Reduced Cerebrovascular Reserve Capacity as a Biomarker of Microangiopathy in Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Urbanova Barbora Soukupova , Schwabova Jaroslava Paulasova , Magerova Hana , Jansky Petr , Markova Hana , Vyhnalek Martin , Laczo Jan , Hort Jakub , Tomek Ales
Published: March 2018

Background:

Cerebral microangiopathy in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) causes chronic hypoperfusion and probably accelerates neurodegenerative changes.

Objective:

We hypothesize microvascular impairment could be present already in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and can be revealed using transcranial color-coded sonography (TCCS) and the breath-holding maneuver.

Methods:

Three groups of subjects (AD in the stage of dementia, MCI, and cognitively normal controls) with detailed neuropsychological testing and low cerebrovascular burden (no history of stroke, no intra- or extracranial artery stenoses, and no severe vascular lesions on brain MRI), underwent a TCCS assessment of peak systolic (PSV), mean flow (MFV), and end diastolic velocities (EDV) and resistance and pulsatility indices (RI, PI) in large intracranial vessels bilaterally. Cerebrovascular reserve capacity was assessed using the breath-holding index (BHI) in middle cerebral artery (MCA) bilaterally. The ultrasound parameters were compared between the groups, correlated with neuropsychological tests, and compared between amnestic and non-amnestic MCI subtypes.

Results:

Fourteen AD (3 males, 67.9±11.1 years, MMSE 18.0±4.6), 24 MCI (13 males, 71.9±7.3 years, MMSE 28.0±1.6), and 24 risk factor-matched controls (14 males, 67.8±6.4 years, MMSE 29.1±1.2) were enrolled. Significant differences were found between AD and controls in MFV, EDV, RI, PI in right MCA after breath holding, in PSV, MFV, EDV in left MCA after breath holding, and in BHI on the left side. The left BHI correlated positively with verbal memory test.

Conclusion:

Results show decreased cerebrovascular reserve capacity in AD as a sign of impaired cerebral hemodynamic status without severe underlying atherosclerosis. This can be identified using TCCS and BHI.
Novel SPEG Mutations in Congenital Myopathy without Centralized Nuclei
Authors: Lornage Xavière , Sabouraud Pascal , Lannes Béatrice , Gaillard Dominique , Schneider Raphaël , Deleuze Jean-François , Boland Anne , Thompson Julie , Böhm Johann , Biancalana Valérie , Laporte Jocelyn
Published: March 2018

Congenital myopathies are clinically and genetically heterogeneous, and are classified based on typical structural abnormalities on muscle sections. Recessive mutations in the striated muscle preferentially expressed protein kinase ( SPEG) were recently reported in patients with centronuclear myopathy (CNM) associated in most cases with dilated cardiomyopathy. Here we report the identification of novel biallelic truncating SPEG mutations in a patient with moderate congenital myopathy without clinical and histological hallmarks of CNM and without cardiomyopathy. This study expands the phenotypic spectrum of SPEG-related myopathy and prompts to consider SPEG for congenital myopathies without specific histological features.
The Scope and Challenges of Medical Biochemistry
Authors: Biswas Subrata Kumar , Choudhury Subhagata
Published: March 2018

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Med Biochem 2016; 9(1): 3-4
Hyperuricemia and Raised Atherogenic Index of Plasma is Associated with Hypertension
Authors: Ahmed R , Siddique LN , Khondokar F , Biswas S , Khanduker S , Ahmed S , Islam SS
Published: March 2018

Among the non-communicable diseases, CVD is the number one cause of mortality all over the world. Hypertension is an important contributor to cardiovascular diseases, stroke and kidney diseases. The study was done to evaluate the association of serum uric acid and atherogenic index of plasma with hypertension. A total of 100 individuals were selected as study subjects based on predefined enrollment criteria. Among them 50 diagnosed cases of hypertension were selected as cases and 50 normotensive healthy individuals as controls. Serum uric acid and serum lipid profile were measured in all study subjects. Atherogenic index of plasma was calculated by the formula log (TG/HDL-C). The study population mostly belonged to 36 to 45 years of age group. The mean age of hypertensive patients was 40.78±4.00 years and that of controls was 39.58±4.12 years. The study found that the mean levels of serum TG (205.24±56.74 mg/dl), TC (225.44±60.67 mg/dl), LDL-C (134.34±49.58 mg/dl) in hypertensive patients were significantly higher than those of controls. The mean AIP in the hypertensive patients was (0.68±0.19) significantly higher (p<0.001) than that of controls (0.43±0.22). The mean serum uric acid level in hypertensive patients (7.05±1.31 mg/dl ) was found to be significantly higher (p<0.001) than that of controls (4.84±1.27 mg/dl). The study shows a positive linear correlation of serum uric acid with TG (r=0.455, p=0.001), TC (r=0.504, p=0.001), LDL-C (r=0.425, p=0.002) and negative correlation with HDL-C (r= - 0.158, p=0.274) in hypertensives. The hypertensive subjects showed a positive significant (r= 0.437, p= 0.002) correlation between AIP and serum uric acid. From the study it seems that hyperuricemia and high AIP are associated with hypertension.Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2016; 9(1): 5-10
Challenges and Opportunities for Data Assimilation in Mountainous Environments
Authors: Hacker Joshua , Draper Clara , Madaus Luke
Published: March 2018

This contribution aims to summarize the current state of data assimilation research as applied to land and atmosphere simulation and prediction in mountainous environments. It identifies and explains critical challenges, and offers opportunities for productive research based on both models and observations. Though many of the challenges to optimal data assimilation in the mountains are also challenges in flatter terrain, the complex land–atmosphere interactions and increased surface heterogeneity in the mountains violate key assumptions and methods in the data assimilation algorithms and the underlying models. The effects of model inadequacy are particularly acute in complex terrain. Recent research related to some of the key challenges suggest opportunities to make gains in both land and atmospheric data assimilation in the mountains. Research directions are suggested, focusing on model improvement in a data assimilation context, and design of field programs aimed at data assimilation.
Loss of One or Two PATZ1 Alleles Has a Critical Role in the Progression of Thyroid Carcinomas Induced by the RET/PTC1 Oncogene
Authors: Monaco Mario , Palma Giuseppe , Vitiello Michela , Capiluongo Anna , D’Andrea Barbara , Vuttariello Emilia , Luciano Antonio , Cerchia Laura , Chiappetta Gennaro , Arra Claudio , Fusco Alfredo , Fedele Monica
Published: March 2018

POZ/BTB and AT-hook-containing zinc finger protein 1 (PATZ1) is an emerging cancer-related gene that is downregulated in different human malignancies, including thyroid cancer, where its levels gradually decrease going from papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) to poorly differentiated and undifferentiated highly aggressive anaplastic carcinomas (ATC). The restoration of PATZ1 expression in thyroid cancer cells reverted their malignant phenotype by inducing mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, thus validating a tumor suppressor role for PATZ1 and suggesting its involvement in thyroid cancer progression. Here, we investigated the consequences of the homozygous and heterozygous loss of PATZ1 in the context of a mouse modeling of PTC, represented by mice carrying the RET/PTC1 oncogene under the thyroid specific control of the thyroglobulin promoter RET/PTC1 (RET/PTC1TG). The phenotypic analysis of RET/PTC1TG mice intercrossed with Patz1-knockout mice revealed that deficiency of both Patz1 alleles enhanced thyroid cancer incidence in RET/PTC1TG mice, but not the heterozygous knockout of the Patz1 gene. However, both RET/PTC1TG;Patz1+/− and RET/PTC1TG;Patz1−/− mice developed a more aggressive thyroid cancer phenotype—characterized by higher Ki-67 expression, presence of ATCs, and increased incidence of solid variants of PTC—than that shown by RET/PTC1TG; Patz1+/+ compound mice. These results confirm that PATZ1 downregulation has a critical role in thyroid carcinogenesis, showing that it cooperates with RET/PTC1 in thyroid cancer progression.
Low Effort Design Space Exploration Methodology for Configurable Caches
Authors: Alsafrjalani Mohamad , Gordon-Ross Ann
Published: March 2018

Designers can reduce design space exploration time and efforts using the design space subsetting method that removes energy-redundant configurations. However, the subsetting method requires a priori knowledge of all applications. We analyze the impact of a priori application knowledge on the subset quality by varying the amount of a priori application information available to designers during design time from no information to a general knowledge of the application domain. The results showed that only a small set of applications representative of the anticipated applications’ general domains alleviated the design efforts and was sufficient to provide energy savings within 5.6% of the complete, unsubsetted design space. Furthermore, since using a small set of applications was likely to reduce the design space exploration time, we analyze and quantify the impact of a priori applications knowledge on the speedup in the execution time to select the desired configurations. The results revealed that a basic knowledge of the anticipated applications reduced the subset design space exploration time by up to 6.6X.
An Economy Viewed as a Far-from-Equilibrium System from the Perspective of Algorithmic Information Theory
Authors: Devine Sean
Published: March 2018

This paper, using Algorithmic Information Theory (AIT), argues that once energy resources are considered, an economy, like an ecology, requires continuous energy to be sustained in a homeostatic state away from the decayed state of its (local) thermodynamic equilibrium. AIT identifies how economic actions and natural laws create an ordered economy through what is seen as computations on a real world Universal Turing Machine (UTM) that can be simulated to within a constant on a laboratory UTM. The shortest, appropriately coded, programme to do this defines the system’s information or algorithmic entropy. The computational behaviour of many generations of primitive economic agents can create a more ordered and advanced economy, able to be specified by a relatively short algorithm. The approach allows information flows to be tracked in real-world computational processes where instructions carried in stored energy create order while ejecting disorder. Selection processes implement the Maximum Power Principle while the economy trends towards Maximum Entropy Production, as tools amplify human labour and interconnections create energy efficiency. The approach provides insights into how an advanced economy is a more ordered economy, and tools to investigate the concerns of the Bioeconomists over long term economic survival.
Elgamal Elliptic Curve Based Secure Communication Architecture for Microgrids
Authors: Khan Sarmadullah , Khan Rafiullah
Published: March 2018

Microgrids play an important role in today’s power systems as the distributed generation is becoming increasingly common. They can operate in two possible modes: (i) standalone and (ii) grid-connected. The transitional state from standalone to grid-connected mode is very critical and requires the microgrid to be synchronized with the main grid. Thus, secure, reliable and trustworthy control and communication is utmost necessary to prevent out-of-sync connection which could severely damage the microgrid and/or the main grid. Existing solutions consume more resources and take long time to establish a secure connection. The objective of the proposed work is to reduce the connection establishment time by using efficient computational algorithms and save the resources. This paper proposes a secure authentication and key establishment mechanism for ensuring safe operation and control of the microgrids. The proposed approach uses the concept of Elgamal with slight modification. Private key of the sender is used instead of a random number. The proposed modification ensures the non repudiation. This paper also presents a system threat model along with security network architecture and evaluates the performance of proposed algorithm in protecting microgrid communication against man in the middle attacks and replay attacks that could delay the packets to damage the system and need to be detected. Mathematical modeling and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than the existing protocols in terms of connection establishment, resource consumption and security level.
The Evaluation of Radiation Use Efficiency and Leaf Area Index Development for the Estimation of Biomass Accumulation in Short Rotation Poplar and Annual Field Crops
Authors: Tripathi Abhishek , Pohanková Eva , Fischer Milan , Orság Matěj , Trnka Miroslav , Klem Karel , Marek Michal
Published: March 2018

We evaluated the long-term pattern of leaf area index (LAI) dynamics and radiation use efficiency (RUE) in short rotation poplar in uncoppice (single stem) and coppice (multi-stem) plantations, and compared them to annual field crops (AFCs) as an alternative for bioenergy production while being more sensitive to weather fluctuation and climate change. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of LAI and RUE as indicators for bioenergy production and indicators of response to changing environmental conditions. For this study, we selected poplar clone J-105 (Populus nigra L. × P. maximowiczii A. Henry) and AFCs such as barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), maize (Zea mays L.), and oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), and compared their aboveground dry mass (AGDM) production in relation to their LAI development and RUE. The results of the study showed the long-term maximum LAI (LAImax) to be 9.5 in coppice poplar when compared to AFCs, where LAImax did not exceed the value 6. The RUE varied between 1.02 and 1.48 g MJ−1 in short rotation poplar and between 0.72 and 2.06 g MJ−1 in AFCs. We found both LAI and RUE contributed to AGDM production in short rotation poplar and RUE only contributed in AFCs. The study confirms that RUE may be considered an AGDM predictor of short rotation poplar and AFCs. This may be utilized for empirical estimates of yields and also contribute to improve the models of short rotation poplar and AFCs for the precise prediction of biomass accumulation in different environmental conditions.
Lactic Acid Bacteria from Kefir Increase Cytotoxicity of Natural Killer Cells to Tumor Cells
Authors: Yamane Takuya , Sakamoto Tatsuji , Nakagaki Takenori , Nakano Yoshihisa
Published: March 2018

The Japanese fermented beverage, homemade kefir, contains six lactic acid bacteria: Lactococcus. lactis subsp. Lactis, Lactococcus. lactis subsp. Cremoris, Lactococcus. Lactis subsp. Lactis biovar diacetylactis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Leuconostoc meseuteroides subsp. Cremoris and Lactobacillus casei. In this study, we found that a mixture of the six lactic acid bacteria from kefir increased the cytotoxicity of human natural killer KHYG-1 cells to human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells and colorectal tumor HCT116 cells. Furthermore, levels of mRNA expression and secretion of IFN-γ (interferon gamma) increased in KHYG-1 cells that had been treated with the six lactic acid bacteria mixture from kefir. The results suggest that the six lactic acid bacteria mixture from kefir has strong effects on natural immunity and tumor cell cytotoxicity.