bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The adsorption behavior of Cu(II), Pb(II), and Co(II) of ethylene vinyl acetate‐clinoptilolite nanocomposites
Authors: Mthombo T. S. , Mishra A. K. , Mishra S. B. , Mamba B. B.
Published: April 2011

In this study, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) was mixed with clinoptilolite (C), a natural zeolite, to prepare EVA‐C nanocomposites. The films were characterized by SEM‐EDS, XRD, and FT‐IR, and heavy metal removal was studied using the batch technique. The effects of the initial pH value and concentration of solutions, contact time, and filler dosage on the adsorption capacity of the composites were investigated. To study the influence of pretreatment on the filler, clinoptilolite was activated using KCl, NaCl, and HCl. Adsorption results show that equilibrium was reached after 24 h, and that sorption reached its maximum at pH values between 5 and 7. The selectivity trend was observed to be Pb > Cu > Co, which was consistent for both single and mixed metal‐ion solutions. Pretreatment significantly increased adsorption capacity of the composite, but was dependent on the conditioning reagent. Nanocomposites filled with HCl‐activated particles demonstrated a high adsorption capacity of between 70 and 80% for all three metals, while KCl‐activated particles were the least efficient with a maximum adsorption capacity of 69% for Pb(II), 54% for Cu(II) and 48% for Co(II). The adsorption data were then fitted to both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms over the entire concentration range, and the Langmuir isotherm showed a better fit of the experimental sorption data than the Freundlich isotherm. The results obtained show that this simple methodology which can be up‐scaled has great potential for the preparation of a wide variety of similar particle‐filled adsorbent nanocomposites in other environmental remediation applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Improvement of tensile properties and elastic recovery in ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer/multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposite foams
Authors: Yu Duck‐Ryul , Kim Gue‐Hyun
Published: April 2011

In this study, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposite foams were prepared to improve tensile properties without sacrificing elongation at break and compression set of EVA foams by using melt compounding method, the most compatible with current industrial applications. Without any modification of MWCNT and special treatment, a significant improvement of the mechanical properties including elastic recovery was observed for the EVA/MWCNT foams with only 1 phr MWCNT. Improvement of tensile strength and modulus without sacrificing elongation at break and elastic recovery of EVA/MWCNT foams with 1 phr MWCNT may have significant implications toward the elastomeric applications. Cell size and cell density of EVA and EVA/MWCNT foams were also investigated for various content of dicumyl peroxide. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Luminescent properties of europium complexes with bis(diphenylphosphino)alkane dioxides
Authors: Pekarkova Pavla , Spichal Zdenek , Taborsky Petr , Necas Marek
Published: April 2011

Eu(NO3)3⋅5H2O and EuCl3⋅6H2O were allowed to react with bis(diphenylphosphino)alkane dioxides Ph2P(O)(CH2)nP(O)Ph2 (n = 2, 4, 6) to obtain polymeric and binuclear complexes. The prepared compounds were structurally characterized by X‐ray diffraction. Luminescence measurements (emission and excitation spectra, quantum yields, lifetimes) were compared with crystallographic data in order to find a relationship between luminescent properties of the Eu(III) complexes and their structures. The Eu(III) polymers, especially [Eu(dpphO2)2Cl2]+Cl–}n, have shown extremely long luminescence lifetimes, up to 3.73 ms, as a result of a highly protecting hydrophobic shield. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synergistic effects between silibinin and antibiotics on methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens
Authors: Kang Hyun‐Kyung , Kim Hye‐Young , Cha Jeong‐Dan
Published: April 2011

Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a dangerous microorganism, and creates serious medical problems. It causes many types of infections in humans and often acquires multi‐drug resistance. In this study, silibinin was evaluated against 20 clinical isolates of MRSA, either alone or in combination with ampicillin or oxacillin, using a checkerboard assay. The silibinin exhibited good activity against isolates of MRSA, and MRSA ATCC33952 and MSSA ATCC25923, with minimum inhibitory concentrations/minimum bactericidal concentrations (MICs/MBCs) ranging between 2–8/4–16 μg/mL, for ampicillin 2–1024/2–2048 μg/mL, and for oxacillin 0.25–32/0.5–64 μg/mL. The range of MIC50 and MIC90 were 0.5–4 μg/mL and 2–8 μg/mL, respectively. The MICs/MBCs for the combination of silibinin plus oxacillin or ampicillin were reduced by ≥4‐fold against the MRSA isolates tested, demonstrating a synergistic effect, as defined by a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of ≤0.5. Furthermore, a time‐kill study evaluating the growth of the tested bacteria showed that growth was completely attenuated after 2–5 h of treatment with the 1/2 MIC of silibinin, regardless of whether it was administered alone or with oxacillin (1/2 MIC) or ampicillin (1/2 MIC). In conclusion, silibinin exerted synergistic effects when administered with oxacillin or ampicillin and the antibacterial activity and resistant regulation of silibinin against clinical isolates of MRSA might be useful in controlling MRSA infections.
Surface activation of dyed fabric for cellulase treatment
Authors: Schimper Christian B. , Ibanescu Constanta , Bechtold Thomas
Published: April 2011

Surface activation of fabric made from cellulose fibres, such as viscose, lyocell, modal fibres and cotton, can be achieved by printing of a concentrated NaOH‐containing paste. From the concentration of reducing sugars formed in solution, an increase in intensity of the cellulase hydrolysis by a factor of six to eight was observed, which was mainly concentrated at the activated parts of the fabric surface. This method of local activation is of particular interest for modification of materials that have been dyed with special processes to attain an uneven distribution of dyestuff within the yarn cross‐section, e.g., indigo ring‐dyed denim yarn for jeans production. Fabrics made from regenerated cellulose fibres were used as model substrate to express the effects of surface activation on indigo‐dyed material. Wash‐down experiments on indigo‐dyed denim demonstrated significant colour removal from the activated surface at low overall weight loss of 4‐5%. The method is of relevance for a more eco‐friendly processing of jeans in the garment industry.
Wnt3a upregulates transforming growth factor‐β‐stimulated VEGF synthesis in osteoblasts
Authors: Natsume Hideo , Tokuda Haruhiko , Matsushima‐Nishiwaki Rie , Kato Kenji , Yamakawa Kengo , Otsuka Takanobu , Kozawa Osamu
Published: April 2011

It is recognized that Wnt3a affects bone metabolism via the canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway. We have previously shown that transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) stimulates the synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) via p44/p42 mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase, stress‐activated protein kinase (SAPK)/c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAP kinase in osteoblast‐like MC3T3‐E1 cells. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Wnt3a on TGF‐β‐stimulated VEGF synthesis in these cells. Wnt3a, which alone had little effect on the VEGF levels, significantly enhanced the TGF‐β‐stimulated VEGF release. Lithium chloride and SB216763, inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3β, markedly amplified the TGF‐β‐stimulated VEGF release. Wnt3a failed to affect the TGF‐β‐induced phosphorylation of Smad2, p44/p42 MAP kinase, p38 MAP kinase or SAPK/JNK. Wnt3a and lithium chloride strengthened the VEGF mRNA expression induced by TGF‐β. These results strongly suggest that Wnt3a upregulates VEGF synthesis stimulated by TGF‐β via activation of the canonical pathway in osteoblasts. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Total Synthesis of Plakortide E and Biomimetic Synthesis of Plakortone B
Authors: Sun Xiao‐Yu , Tian Xiang‐Yin , Li Zhen‐Wu , Peng Xiao‐Shui , Wong Henry N. C.
Published: April 2011

The total synthesis of plakortide E (1 a) is reported. A novel palladium‐catalyzed approach towards 1,2‐dioxolanes as well as an alternative substrate‐controlled route leading exclusively to cis‐highly substituted 1,2‐dioxolanes have been developed. A lipase‐catalyzed kinetic resolution was employed to provide optically pure 1,2‐dioxolane central cores. Coupling of the central cores and side chains was achieved by a modified Negishi reaction. All four isomeric structures of plakortide E methyl ester, namely, 26 a–d were synthesized. One of the structures, 26 d, was shown to be identical with the natural plakortide E methyl ester on the basis of 1H, 13C NMR spectra and specific rotation comparisons. With the plakortide E methyl ester (4S,6R,10R)‐(−)‐cis‐26 d and its other three isomers in hand, we successfully converted them into (3S,4S,6R,10R)‐plakortone B (2 a), and its isomers ent‐2 a, 2 b and ent‐2 b via an intramolecular oxa‐Michael addition/lactonization cascade reaction. Finally, saponification converted 1,2‐dioxolane 26 d into plakortide E (1 a) whose absolute configuration (4S,6R,10R) was confirmed by comparison of spectral and physical data with those reported.
Urocortin‐expressing olivocochlear neurons exhibit tonotopic and developmental changes in the auditory brainstem and in the innervation of the cochlea
Authors: Kaiser Alexander , Alexandrova Olga , Grothe Benedikt
Published: April 2011

The mammalian cochlea is under direct control of two groups of cholinergic auditory brainstem neurons, the medial and the lateral olivocochlear neurons. The former modulate the electromechanical amplification in outer hair cells and the latter the transduction of inner hair cells to auditory nerve fibers. The lateral olivocochlear neurons express not only acetylcholine but a variety of co‐transmitters including urocortin, which is known to regulate homeostatic responses related to stress; it may also be related to the ontogeny of hearing as well as the generation of hearing disorders. In the present study, we investigated the distribution of urocortin‐expressing lateral olivocochlear neurons and their connectivity and distribution of synaptic terminals in the cochlea of juvenile and adult gerbils. In contrast to most other rodents, the gerbil's audiogram covers low frequencies similar to humans, although their communication calls are exclusively in the high‐frequency domain. We confirm that in the auditory brainstem urocortin is expressed exclusively in neurons within the lateral superior olive and their synaptic terminals in the cochlea. Moreover, we show that in adult gerbils urocortin expression is restricted to the medial, high‐frequency processing, limb of the lateral superior olive and to the mid and basal parts of the cochlea. The same pattern is present in juvenile gerbils shortly before hearing onset (P 9) but transiently disappears after hearing onset, when urocortin is also expressed in low‐frequency processing regions. These results suggest a possible role of urocortin in late cochlear development and in the processing of social calls in adult animals. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:2758–2778, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell‐type‐specific consequences of reelin deficiency in the mouse neocortex, hippocampus, and amygdala
Authors: Boyle Maureen P. , Bernard Amy , Thompson Carol L. , Ng Lydia , Boe Andrew , Mortrud Marty , Hawrylycz Michael J. , Jones Allan R. , Hevner Robert F. , Lein Ed S.
Published: April 2011

The disrupted cortical lamination phenotype in reeler mice and subsequent identification of the Reelin signaling pathway have strongly informed models of cortical development. We describe here a marker‐based phenotyping approach to reexamine the cytoarchitectural consequences of Reelin deficiency, using high‐throughput histology and newly identified panels of highly specific molecular markers. The resulting cell‐type‐level cytoarchitectural analysis revealed novel features of abnormal patterning in the male reeler mouse not obvious with less specific markers or histology. The reeler cortex has been described as a rough laminar inversion, but the data presented here are not compatible with this model. The reeler cortex is disrupted in a more complex fashion, with some regions showing a mirror‐image laminar phenotype. Major rostrocaudal and cell‐type‐specific differences in the laminar phenotype between cortical areas are detailed. These and similar findings in hippocampus and amygdala have implications for mechanisms of normal brain development and abnormalities in neurodevelopmental disorders. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:2061–2089, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Compact Folding of Isolated Four‐Residue Neutral Peptide Chains: H‐Bonding Patterns and Entropy Effects
Authors: Plowright Richard J. , Gloaguen Eric , Mons Michel
Published: April 2011

The intrinsic folding of isolated neutral tetrapeptides is investigated by IR‐UV double‐resonance laser spectroscopy coupled to quantum chemistry (DFT‐D) calculations. Laser‐desorbed jet‐cooled Ac‐(Ala)3‐Phe‐NH2 as well as two other related four‐residue molecules are shown to fold according to the same 14‐7L‐X‐10II′‐7L compact, β‐hairpin‐like backbone pattern, leading to a remarkable closed daisy chain of H‐bonds along the molecule. Thermodynamic calculations confronted to the abundances observed show that these laser‐desorbed peptides are best described by a finite conformational temperature (typically ca. 300–450 K), which suggests that not only enthalpy but also entropy effects play an important role in selecting these structures within this temperature range.
A pairing‐free certificateless authenticated key agreement protocol
Authors: He Debiao , Chen Jianhua , Hu Jin
Published: April 2011

Many certificateless two‐party authenticated key agreement schemes using bilinear pairings have been proposed. But the relative computation cost of the pairing is approximately twenty times higher than that of the scalar multiplication over elliptic curve group In order to improve the performance we propose a certificateless two‐party authenticated key agreement scheme without bilinear pairings in this paper. A security proof under random oracle model is also provided. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Construction of UHV AC test base of SGCC
Authors: Tao Yao , Shu‐sen Li , Xiong Wu
Published: April 2011

In order to research ultra high voltage (UHV) transmission technology systematically, State Grid Corporation of China launched the UHV AC test base project to provide strong technical support for UHV grid construction. The facilities including UHV power supply, UHV test lines, equipments qualified field, electromagnetic environmental laboratory, climate laboratory, UHV corona cage, impulse test field were built at the test base. Much useful experience had been achieved through the construction and research in the fields of UHV electromagnetic environment, external insulation characteristic, equipment technical requirements, equipments manufactory, electrical design, construction, test, and operation. It accelerated the construction of the UHV pilot project of China. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aquaporin‐4 Mz isoform: Brain expression, supramolecular assembly and neuromyelitis optica antibody binding
Authors: Rossi Andrea , Crane Jonathan M. , Verkman A. S.
Published: April 2011

Water channel aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) is expressed in astrocytes throughout brain and spinal cord. Two major AQP4 isoforms are expressed, M1 and M23, having different translation initiation sites. A longer isoform (Mz) has been reported in rat with translation initiation 126‐bp upstream from that of M1. By immunoblot analysis of SDS and native gels probed with a C‐terminus anti‐AQP4 antibody, Mz was detected in rat brain as a distinct band of size ∼39 kDa. Mz was absent in human and mouse brain because of in‐frame stop codons. The ability of rat Mz to form orthogonal arrays of particles (OAPs) was investigated by single particle tracking and native gel electrophoresis. We found that Mz, like M1, diffused rapidly in the cell plasma membrane and did not form OAPs. However, when co‐expressed with M23, Mz associated in OAPs by forming heterotetramers with M23. Unexpectedly, Mz‐expressing cells bound neuromyelitis optica autoantibodies (NMO‐IgG) poorly, <5‐fold compared with M1‐expressing cells. Truncation analysis suggested that the poor NMO‐IgG binding to Mz involves residues 31–41 upstream of Met‐1. We conclude that Mz AQP4 is (a) present at low level in rat but not human or mouse brain, (b) unable to form OAPs on its own but able to associate with M23 AQP4 in heterotetramers, and (c) largely unable to bind NMO‐IgG because of N‐terminus effects on the structure of the AQP4/NMO‐IgG binding site. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unraveling moonlighting functions with yeasts
Authors: Flores Carmen‐Lisset , Gancedo Carlos
Published: April 2011

This review considers the use of yeasts to study protein moonlighting functions. The cases discussed highlight the possibilities offered by the well‐developed yeast genetics for the study of moonlighting mechanisms. The possibility to generate sets of mutants encoding different protein variants has allowed in some cases to map the regions that participate in the moonlighting function. We discuss cases of enzymes that moonlight in such different activities as control of transcription, assembly of multimeric proteins, stabilization of mitochondrial DNA or biosynthesis of CoA. The moonlighting role of an enzyme and its metabolic function seems to have evolved independently as indicated by the finding that a protein may moonlight in a yeast species but not in others. Yeasts may open ways to study possible evolutionary relationships among moonlighting proteins. © 2011 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 2011
Osteology and cranial musculature of Caiman latirostris (crocodylia: Alligatoridae)
Authors: Bona Paula , Desojo Julia Brenda
Published: April 2011

Caiman latirostris Daudin is one of the extant species of Caimaninae alligatorids characterized taxonomically only by external morphological features. In the present contribution, we describe the cranial osteology and myology of this species and its morphological variation. Several skull dissections and comparisons with other caimans were made. Although jaw muscles of living crocodiles show the same general “Bauplan” and alligatorids seem to have a similar cranial musculature pattern, we describe some morphological variations (e.g., in C. latirostris the superficial portion of the M. adductor mandibulae externus did not reach the postorbital; the M. adductor mandibulae internus pars pterygoideus dorsalis did not reach the pterygoid and lacrimal and contrary to the case of C. crocodilus the M. adductor mandibulae internus pars pterygoideus ventralis attaches to the posterodorsal surface of the pterygoid and the pterygoid aponeurosis, without contacting the dorsal and ventral surface of the pterygoid margin; the M. intermandibularis is attached to the anterior half of the splenial and posteriorly inserts medially by a medial raphe that serves as attachment zone for M. constrictor colli, and the M. constrictor colli profundus presents a medial notch in its anterior margin). In addition, the skull of C. latirostris differs from that of other caimans and possesses several characters that are potential diagnostic features of this species (e.g., outline of glenoid cavity in dorsal view, extension of the rostral ridges, and occlusion of the first dentary tooth). Nevertheless, these characters should be analyzed within the phylogenetic context of the Caimaninae to evaluate its evolutionary implications for the history of the group. J. Morphol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of Polydimethylsiloxane‐block‐polystyrene (PDMS‐b‐PS) Copolymers by Liquid Chromatography at Critical Conditions
Authors: Malik Muhammad Imran , Sinha Pritish , Bayley Gareth M. , Mallon Peter E. , Pasch Harald
Published: April 2011

In this study, liquid chromatography at critical conditions (LCCC) is used to determine the block lengths and molar masses of polydimethylsiloxane‐block‐polystyrene copolymers synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) techniques. In addition, the analysis allows for the determination of the presence of homopolymers in the samples. LCCC at the critical point of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on a reversed phase column allows for the determination of PDMS homopolymer and the length of the polystyrene (PS) block in the block copolymer which elutes in the size exclusion chromatography (SEC) regime under these conditions. The PDMS block length and PS homopolymer can be obtained under normal phase conditions. The results of LCCC are compared with data from conventional SEC.

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Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of Alternating Conjugated Polymers Derived from Indeno[1,2‐b]fluorene and Bithiophene or Thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐Cored Benzothiadiazole
Authors: Xia Yangjun , He Zhicai , Tong Junfeng , Li Bin , Wang Chenglong , Cao Yong , Wu Hongbin , Woo Han Young , Fan Duowang
Published: April 2011

Two narrow bandgap copolymers derived from 6,6′,12,12′‐tetraoctyl‐indeno[1,2‐b]fluorene and bithiophene or thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐cored benzothiadiazole are synthesized and characterized. The copolymers show broad absorption in the range 350–700 nm. The application of the copolymers as photovoltaic cells with configurations ITO/PEDOT:PSS/blend/Al and ITO/PEDOT:PSS/blend/interlayer/Al is investigated. A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of approximately 3.0% is achieved under an AM 1.5G solar simulator (80 mW cm−2) for the cells with ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymer:PC71BM([6,6]‐phenyl‐C71 butyric acid methyl ester) (1:4)/interlayer/Al.

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Temporal and differential stabilizability and detectability of piecewise constant rank systems
Authors: Van Willigenburg L. Gerard , De Koning Willem L.
Published: April 2011

In a past note we drew attention to the fact that time‐varying continuous‐time linear systems may be temporarily uncontrollable and unreconstructable and that this is vital knowledge to both control engineers and system scientists. Describing and detecting the temporal loss of controllability and reconstructability require considering piecewise constant rank (PCR) systems and the differential Kalman decomposition. In this note for conventional as well as PCR systems measures of temporal and differential stabilizability and detectability are developed. These measures indicate to what extent the temporal loss of controllability and reconstructability may lead to temporal instability of the closed‐loop system when designing a static state or dynamic output feedback controller. It is indicated how to compute the measures from the system matrices. The importance of our developments for control system design is illustrated through three numerical examples concerning LQ and LQG perturbation feedback control of a non‐linear system about an optimal control and state trajectory. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sierpin´ski fractal plasmonic nanoantennas
Authors: Rosa Lorenzo , Sun Kai , Juodkazis Saulius
Published: April 2011

We propose plasmonic Sierpiński gasket, a self‐replicating fractal, with structural elements spanning from ∼100 nm to ∼5 µm made by standard electron beam lithography (EBL), metal deposition, and lift‐off sequence. Such structures demonstrate light field enhancement from visible to far‐IR spectral range and can be scaled up towards THz band. Numerical simulations show that as the fractal order is increased, the optical extinction band broadens from the visible light towards far‐IR, achieving a light field enhancement of more than four orders of magnitude in the nano‐gap proximity. Such antennas are prospective for IR–THz filter, detection, and emission applications.

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Fundamental mode simulation of Sierpiński fourth‐order fractal gold nanoantenna with 10 nm nano‐gap, made by EBL and lift‐off.

(© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quantitative analysis of 15N‐labeled positional isomers of glutamine and citrulline via electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry of their dansyl derivatives
Authors: Marini Juan C.
Published: April 2011

The enteral metabolisms of glutamine and citrulline are intertwined because, while glutamine is one of the main fuel sources for the enterocyte, citrulline is one of its products. It has been shown that the administration of 15N‐labeled glutamine results in the incorporation of the 15N label into citrulline, but it is not clear which of the three nitrogen groups of citrulline is actually labeled. To determine the 15N‐enrichment of the positional isomers of glutamine and citrulline, a rapid liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method was developed. The amino acids were analyzed as their dansyl derivatives. The product ion resulting from the loss of NH3 from the omega carbon allows for the determination of the enrichment of the ureido (citrulline) or amido groups (glutamine). The protonated pyrrolidine (citrulline) or 5‐oxopyrrolidine (glutamine) product ion contains the 2‐N (amino group) and is used to determine its enrichment. The method described showed no ion suppression and a wide dynamic range ranging from 1.3 picomoles to 2 nanomoles for citrulline. Background samples and standards resulted in enrichments not different from those theoretically expected. The enrichment curves for the different glutamine and citrulline isotopomers were linear (R2 > 0.998) over the range of enrichments studied. The method developed provides an additional insight into the metabolism of glutamine and citrulline tracing the precursor‐product relationship between these two amino acids. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and Application of Magnetic Segregation Feeder in Sintering Machine
Authors: He Jicheng , Hu Ziguo , Zhang Yongjie , Wang En‐gang
Published: April 2011

The size segregation of sintering materials in a chute flow is utilized to prepare well‐bedded feedstock for sintering quality improving, and magnets are installed below the chute to enhance size segregation. By the braking role of magnetic force, the particles of different sizes which poured down to sloping chute are separated:the coarse particles drop to the far‐side of the sloping chute and the fine particles drop near the sloping chute. As the sintering pallet is continuously moving, the coarse particles are distributed into the lower portions and the fine particles are aggregated on the top of the layer..By using the non‐contacting magnetic force,the technique of magnetic segregation feeding overcomes a series of defects such as adhering and wearing in the existing segregation feeding devices. and the device is characterized by simple structure, easy operation, no need of energy,and safety, etc. Discrete element method (DEM) simulations are carried out to explore the optimal arrangement of the magnets.The simulations show that proper magnetic field can significantly enhance the segregation,and the simulation results are in good agreement with the experiments and industrial systems designed with consultation to the results.Depend on those,the technique of magnetic segregation feeding have been developed and applied in the three sintering line of Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd..The results of industrial application show that the distributions of particles, carbon and FeO in sintering layer have been remarkably improved. In guaranteeing to the quality of sintering ore materials, the productivity of sintering strand raised 2.1% and the fuel ratio decreased 1.7%.
Pb(ReO4)2(C2H6O2)1.5: A New Contribution to the Crystal Chemistry of Perrhenates
Authors: Mujica Carlos , Prado Marcia , Cardoso‐Gil Raúl
Published: April 2011

The title compound Pb(ReO4)2(C2H6O2)1.5 was prepared by recrystallization of the anhydrous lead perrhenate in ethane‐1,2‐diol (ethylene glycol). The colorless compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n (No. 14) with four formula units per unit cell a = 12.668(1) Å, b = 7.572(1) Å, c = 13.263(1) Å, β = 110.216(3)°. The lead ion is nine fold coordinated in a spatial arrangement described as a capped cubic antiprism. The coordination polyhedra are interconnected by [ReO4] units, building a two dimensional framework, which are bridged by ethylene glycol molecules generating a tridimensional network. The compound loses the ethane‐1,2‐diol molecules in two steps at temperatures below 450 K and decomposes at 800 K.
Dilated cardiomyopathy in a case of Shwachman–Diamond syndrome
Authors: Kopel Liliane , Gutierrez Paulo S. , Lage Silvia G.
Published: April 2011

The Shwachman–Diamond syndrome is an autosomal recessive bone marrow failure syndrome with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Additional organ systems, such as the liver, heart and bone, may also be affected. We report a patient with a long history of cardiac failure and diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy with intermittent neutropenia. Periodic follow-up revealed progressive cardiac failure and pulmonary hypertension. A diagnosis of Shwachman–Diamond syndrome was made at the autopsy.
The Quiet Revolution of a B Natural: Prokofiev's ‘New Simplicity’ in the Second Violin Concerto
Authors: RIFKIN DEBORAH
Published: April 2011

This essay explores changes in Prokofiev's compositional style that occurred in the mid-1930s, around the time that he was making his decision to return to his homeland. In his diary Prokofiev wrote about a desire for a ‘new simplicity’, a style that featured simple melodies and comprehensible form. Compared to the avant-garde aspirations of his earlier works, his ‘new simplicity’ features a self-conscious return to Classical precedents. Prokofiev believed his new lyricism would be a uniquely modern yet accessible music for the Soviet people. Many of his most popular works, includingLieutenant Kijé(1933),Romeo and Juliet(1935–6), andPeter and the Wolf(1936), are written in the style associated with this ‘new simplicity’. The style is distinctive because of its sudden and markedly trangressive chromatic swerves to distant harmonic areas. By invoking and then thwarting tonal conventions, Prokofiev creates a compelling tension between Classicism and modernism. This essay presents the first movement of his Violin Concerto no. 2 (1935) as an exemplar of his ‘new simplicity’. The fractured musical surface is interpreted as a musical narrative, as an ironic satire of sonata form.
On the Nature of Structural Framing
Authors: Alegant Brian , McLean Don
Published: April 2011

Structural framingis the reference to initial material at the end of a formal unit; this formal unit might be a theme, section, movement or even a multi-movement work. Structural framing is a special kind of thematic restatement that is fundamentally distinct from recapitulation or apotheosis. Whereas a recapitulation associates thebeginningof one section with thebeginningof another section, a structural frame associates thebeginningof one section with itsend. Thus a recapitulation is a re-beginning, an apotheosis is a triumphant arrival, and a structural frame is a closing gesture – a parting ‘adieu’ that assists the listener in the conceptual encompassment of a formal unit.
The Enchantress and Problems of Pacing in the Operas of Tchaikovsky: An Informal Interview with David Lloyd-Jones
Authors: Seibert Donald C.
Published: April 2011

In June and July of 2004, Grange Park Opera gave the first professional stage performances in the United Kingdom of Tchaikovsky's The Enchantress (Charodeyka). David Lloyd-Jones conducted and was responsible for the performing version. The following article is based on an interview with him taped between the sixth and seventh performances.

A retired Syracuse University music librarian, is the author of two published Tchaikovky studies: ‘The Tchaikovsky Fifth: a symphony without a programme’ (1991) and, in collaboration with Mark Elder, ‘The Dramaturgy of Tchaikovsky's Mazeppa’ (1988). He was for many years a contributor of record reviews and interviews to Fanfare magazine.
Exoticism, Artifice and the Supernatural in the Brahmsian Lied
Authors: Loges Natasha
Published: April 2011

Perhaps as a consequence of the late-nineteenth-century tendency to differentiate Brahms from the Wagnerian coterie at all costs, his enduring interest in exoticism has received little attention. This is not unreasonable, since his untexted works show no evidence of any foreign links further than Hungary. In addition, for obvious reasons, the specific tropes associated with exoticism, or more specifically orientalism, manifested themselves most clearly through art-forms better equipped to portray specific verbal content, such as opera, literature and painting, none of which is strongly associated with Brahms. Biographically, it is even harder to reconcile Brahms with exoticism, since the connotations of sensuality sit oddly with the bürgerlich North German Protestant work ethic that generally defines perceptions of him. Still, the effect of over 30 years in cosmopolitan Vienna cannot be overlooked; also Brahms was a friend and supporter of artists as well as of musicians. Although Max Klinger and Adolf von Menzel spring primarily to mind, his interest in German painters dated from his early twenties, following his visit to the Schumanns in Düsseldorf. In particular, from the mid-1860s onwards he expressed constant interest in the works of the painter Anselm Feuerbach. Interestingly, both Brahms's and Feuerbach's concept of orientalism, specifically through the Persian poet Hafis, was mediated by the poetry of Georg Friedrich Daumer. This study will explore the simultaneous burgeoning of interest shown by Brahms in his Hafis settings and Feuerbach in his works Hafis vor der Schenke and Hafis am Brunnen in the mid-1860s, as well as the background of the poet who inspired them both.
Introduction
Authors: Wollenberg Susan
Published: April 2011

The eight articles published here represent the selected proceedings of the conference held at St Catherine's College, Oxford, 22–24 July 2005, under the auspices of the University of Oxford, Faculty of Music, to mark the bicentenary of the birth of Fanny Hensel (née Mendelssohn Bartholdy). As conference organizer I was deeply gratified by the list of speakers and papers we were able to assemble for the conference programme. The conference also featured two concerts given by Françoise Tillard (pianoforte) with Erika Klemperer (violin) and Robert Max (cello), performing piano and chamber works of Fanny Hensel; and April Fredrick (soprano), with Briony Williams accompanying, in lieder of Fanny Hensel and her circle. Peter Ward Jones (Music Librarian, Bodleian Library, Oxford) arranged and introduced an exhibition of materials from the Bodleian's Mendelssohn collection as part of the conference. The opportunity to achieve a close concentration of attention on Fanny Hensel provided by the event is now further developed in the proceedings published in this special issue of Nineteenth-Century Music Review.
‘Striptease’ as Ideology
Authors: Huebner Steven
Published: April 2011

Vincent d'Indy'sIstar(1897), a set of variations for orchestra, commands attention for its unusual ground plan: the variations proceed from complex textures to simple ones. Analysis reveals how certain melodic and harmonic details unfold at larger structural levels.Istar'ssymmetries and organic construction are set in the context not only of previous variation sets but also of Debussy'sPrélude à l'après-midi d'un faune, a symphonic poem of similar dimensions that was premiered shortly before d'Indy composed his piece. Resemblances between the two works suggest that d'Indy may have intendedIstaras a response to Debussy. Juxtaposition of Debussy and d'Indy provides insight into the different connotations of modernity at thefin de siècle. Istar'sprogramme and compositional strategies reflect d'Indy's firm historicism and commitment to tradition. Yet the work was received as experimental and daring in its day. In its materials Istar paradoxically illustrates a ‘backward progression’: its stylistic allusions move backward in time, yet the tonal direction aims forward towards the concluding tonic. Such idiosyncrasies provide insight into d'Indy's aesthetics and ideology, which sought to conflate commitment to progress with adherence to Faith.
Nationalism and Early Music at the FrenchFin de Siècle: Three Case Studies
Authors: Médicis Catrina Flint de
Published: April 2011

The evidence of more than three hundred concerts of early music given by the Parisian Schola Cantorum and its sister association, the Chanteurs de Saint-Gervais, as well as more than four hundred performances of this repertoire outside the Schola shows that the most consistently performed composer in Paris at the Frenchfin de sièclewas the German Johann Sebastian Bach. This is coupled with a shift at the Schola, from a preponderance of works by Palestrina in the 1890s to a new emphasis on Rameau operas in the early 1900s. This article is an attempt to understand these repertorial preferences as manifestations of at least two types of nationalism: first as a mass movement to attain ethnic-linguistic homogenization and second as a movement by the social elite as a means of establishing its difference. All three composers examined in the case studies emerge as vehicles for both types of nationalism, though there is more evidence of the second type than there is of the first. This article also shows that there is a distinction between the ways in which these repertoires were either co-opted or received by the social elite and the intelligentsia, the latter using early music as a metaphor for the ‘serious’.
A British Child's Music Education, 1801–1810: G.B. Viotti, Caroline Chinnery and the French Influence
Authors: Yim Denise
Published: April 2011

Broadly speaking, the British reception of foreign musicians appearing in London at the end of the eighteenth century was one of adulation. Most of these artists had arrived via Paris, where some had acquired a mantle of sophistication unknown in London. Paris was a city of fashion, which, if it could not rival London in economic clout, was the acknowledged European capital of culture, of refined taste and manners. British amateurs were therefore happy to admit these foreign artists into their homes both for private concerts, and in the capacity of music teachers for themselves and their children. One of the most alluring – not to mention gifted – of the performing artists to arrive in London from Paris was Giovanni Battista Viotti, whose public concerts in the last decade of the eighteenth century were among the most popular of the many that were on offer.
Poetry, Music andFremdartigkeitin Robert Schumann's Hans Christian Andersen Songs, op. 40
Authors: Weaver Andrew H.
Published: April 2011

On 1 October 1842, Robert Schumann sent Hans Christian Andersen a copy of his recently publishedFünf Liederop. 40, a song collection consisting of settings of four poems by Andersen as well as an anonymous ‘Neugriechisch’ poem, all translated into German by Adelbert von Chamisso. Although Clara Schumann had become acquainted with the poet earlier that year during a concert tour that took her through Copenhagen, Robert had yet to meet him, and the letter included with op. 40 was the first time that he addressed Andersen directly.
Family interventions in early psychosis: specificity and effectiveness
Authors: Onwumere J. , Bebbington P. , Kuipers E.
Published: April 2011

The first episode of psychosis frequently occurs during adolescence and early adulthood, and is associated with high levels of trauma, affective disturbance and suicide. The social networks of service users often decrease significantly following the first onset, although many will remain in close contact with some family members particularly during the early phases. However, the negative impact of psychosis on families and their relationship with the identified service user are well documented. Family intervention is a recommended and evidence-based treatment in later psychosis. In this paper, we review the literature on family interventions in early psychosis in the context of new evidence for its efficacy and its routine incorporation in early intervention services for psychosis.
Emission of the terahertz electromagnetic wave from coherent longitudinal optical phonons in a GaAs buffer layer optically masked by a GaSb top epitaxial layer
Authors: Takeuchi Hideo , Tsuruta Syuichi , Nakayama Masaaki
Published: April 2011

We demonstrate that, in a GaSb/GaAs epitaxial structure, the coherent longitudinal optical (LO) phonon in the GaAs layer optically masked by the GaSb top layer is observed utilizing terahertz- electromagnetic-wave spectroscopy. It is confirmed from a Raman scattering measurement that only the optical phonon in the GaSb layer is optically observable, where the photon energy of the excitation laser beam was almost the same as that of the femtosecond pulse pump beam for the terahertz wave measurement. In the terahertz wave measurement, the Fourier power spectrum of the terahertz waveform exhibits both the GaAs and the GaSb LO phonons; namely, the coherent LO phonon in the optically masked GaAs buffer layer is observed in the terahertz wave measurement. This fact demonstrates that the instantaneous surface potential modulation originating from the impulsive carrier excitation by the pump pulses reaches the GaAs buffer layer. Consequently, the above-mentioned surface potential modulation generates the coherent GaAs LO phonon.
Determination of the critical interspacing for the noninteracting magnetic nanoparticle system
Authors: Yang H. T. , Liu H. L. , Song N. N. , Du H. F. , Zhang X. Q. , Cheng Z. H. , Shen J. , Li L. F.
Published: April 2011

The dipole–dipole interactions of monodisperse Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) can be directly controlled by a uniform SiO2 shell with different thickness, i.e., different interspacings. Thus, the interacting strength of a serial of Fe3O4–SiO2 NPs system can be revealed by fitting the blocking temperature TB measured at ac fields to the Vogel–Fulcher law. The interspacing over five times of diameter for less than 8.0 nm Fe3O4 NPs is the critical value to achieve a noninteracting system. Furthermore, a general equation to evaluate critical interspacing for noninteracting magnetic NPs systems with different sizes and saturation magnetizations was calculated by Monte Carlo method.
Bifurcation-based mass sensing using piezoelectrically-actuated microcantilevers
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Boley J. William , Yang Yushi , Ekowaluyo Hendrik , Miller Jacob K. , Chiu George T.-C. , Rhoads Jeffrey F.
Published: April 2011

In conventional implementations, resonant chemical and biological sensors exploit chemomechanically-induced frequency shifts, which occur in linear systems, for analyte detection. In this letter, an alternative sensing approach, based upon dynamic transitions across saddle-node bifurcations is investigated. This technique not only has the potential to render improved sensor metrics but also to eliminate frequency tracking components from final device implementations. The present work details proof-of-concept experiments on bifurcation-based sensing, which were conducted using selectively functionalized, piezoelectrically-actuated microcantilevers. Preliminary results reveal the proposed sensing technique to be a viable alternative to existing resonant sensing methods.
Electronic inhomogeneity in a Kondo lattice
Authors: Bauer E. D. , Yang Yi-feng , Capan C. , Urbano R. R. , Miclea C. F. , Sakai H. , Ronning F. , Graf M. J. , Balatsky A. V. , Movshovich R. , Bianchi A. D. , Reyes A. P. , Kuhns P. L. , Thompson J. D. , Fisk Z.
Published: April 2011

Inhomogeneous electronic states resulting from entangled spin, charge, and lattice degrees of freedom are hallmarks of strongly correlated electron materials; such behavior has been observed in many classes of
d
-electron materials, including the high-
T

c

copper-oxide superconductors, manganites, and most recently the iron–pnictide superconductors. The complexity generated by competing phases in these materials constitutes a considerable theoretical challenge—one that still defies a complete description. Here, we report a manifestation of electronic inhomogeneity in a strongly correlated
f
-electron system, using CeCoIn
5
as an example. A thermodynamic analysis of its superconductivity, combined with nuclear quadrupole resonance measurements, shows that nonmagnetic impurities (Y, La, Yb, Th, Hg, and Sn) locally suppress unconventional superconductivity, generating an inhomogeneous electronic “Swiss cheese” due to disrupted periodicity of the Kondo lattice. Our analysis may be generalized to include related systems, suggesting that electronic inhomogeneity should be considered broadly in Kondo lattice materials.
Joshua Lederberg. 23 May 1925 — 2 February 2008
Authors: Bodmer Walter , Ganesan Ann
Published: April 2011

When Joshua Lederberg (known to friends and colleagues as Josh) died on 2 February 2008, the world lost one of the most extraordinary scientists of the twentieth century. It is difficult to write an adequate memorial for him, or to convey on paper the outpouring of admiration and affection expressed in written and oral presentations by experts in widely diverse fields of inquiry. Even listing his various interests and achievements is a formidable task, and adequately evaluating the importance of his contributions to science and society is almost impossible. As the founding father of bacterial genetics, Lederberg was the first to demonstrate the conjugal transfer of genetic markers in bacteria. Together with his associates, he went on to make many more discoveries that laid the foundations of molecular genetics. For this work he received the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, sharing the award with G. W. Beadle and E. L. Tatum. While retaining an interest in bacterial genetics, he went on to explore and make seminal contributions to numerous other disciplines including exobiology (a term he coined), the application of computers and artificial intelligence to chemistry and medicine, and the epistemology of science. He advised US presidents and international organizations on a wide variety of issues, and devoted a prodigious amount of time and effort to the task of informing policy makers and the larger public on important scientific matters. Joshua Lederberg was a man not only of towering intellect but also of impeccable integrity and dedication to human welfare.
The effect of individual variation on the structure and function of interaction networks in harvester ants
Authors: Pinter-Wollman Noa , Wollman Roy , Guetz Adam , Holmes Susan , Gordon Deborah M.
Published: April 2011

Social insects exhibit coordinated behaviour without central control. Local interactions among individuals determine their behaviour and regulate the activity of the colony. Harvester ants are recruited for outside work, using networks of brief antennal contacts, in the nest chamber closest to the nest exit: the entrance chamber. Here, we combine empirical observations, image analysis and computer simulations to investigate the structure and function of the interaction network in the entrance chamber. Ant interactions were distributed heterogeneously in the chamber, with an interaction hot-spot at the entrance leading further into the nest. The distribution of the total interactions per ant followed a right-skewed distribution, indicating the presence of highly connected individuals. Numbers of ant encounters observed positively correlated with the duration of observation. Individuals varied in interaction frequency, even after accounting for the duration of observation. An ant's interaction frequency was explained by its path shape and location within the entrance chamber. Computer simulations demonstrate that variation among individuals in connectivity accelerates information flow to an extent equivalent to an increase in the total number of interactions. Individual variation in connectivity, arising from variation among ants in location and spatial behaviour, creates interaction centres, which may expedite information flow.