bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASTHMATIC CHILDREN;
Authors: Rais Heena , Arif Fehmina , Santosh Sangeeta
Published: August 2021

Objective: To determine the knowledge and practice of parents of children withAsthma. Introduction: Asthma is a disease characterized by recurrent attacks of breathlessnessand wheezing typically begins in early childhood with an earlier onset in males than females. Lifetime prevalence of asthma is 13.5% and current asthma prevalence of 9.3% among children <18years. According to WHO 15 million disability adjusted life years (DALY) are lost annually due toAsthma. Prevalence of asthma in Pakistani children is 19%. Due to rapid industrialization andurbanization prevalence of Asthma has increased from 9 t0 20% during the last decade. Thisstudy was conducted to assess the extent of knowledge and practice which are associated withthe control of Asthma. Methodology: It was descriptive cross sectional study conducted in ED,Pediatric unit CHK. Sampling was convenience and the study duration six months. One hundredand twenty parents of asthmatic children from 4-13 years of age were selected. Results: Averageage of the children was 7.69±2.58 years (95% CI: 7.23 to 8.16) and average duration of illnesswas 3.08±2.0 years (95% CI: 2.69 to 3.45). Minimum duration was two years and maximum tenyears. One hundred and four mothers (86.7%) and 16 fathers(13.3%) participated in the study.Over all asthma knowledge and practice of parents was adequate in 20(16.7%), inadequate in46(39.3%) and average in 54(45%). Conclusions: Asthma knowledge especially about themanagement is inadequate and practices are also inappropriate in the urban population ofKarachi.
COMPARISON OF KNOWLEDGE & PRACTICES REGARDING DENGUE INFECTION IN MEDICAL STUDENTS A PRE AND POST INTERVENTION STUDY IN THE CITY OF LAHORE
Authors: Afzal Umair , Abbas Syed Ali , Iqbal Humaira , Ahsen Noor Fatima
Published: August 2021

Study Objectives: To assess pre and post intervention preventive knowledge &practices about Dengue infection. 1). To compare knowledge about Dengue infection between2nd and 5th year medical students. 2). To compare preventive practices about dengue infection,between 2nd year and 5th year medical students. Data Source: 2nd year and 5th year medicalstudents. Study Design: Cross-sectional with descriptive analysis. Setting: Study wasconducted in one medical school in the city of Lahore. Period: Data collection was completed inone month. Material and Method: Out of total number of undergraduate medical schools in thecity of Lahore where each one is considered as a cluster one was selected by simple randomsampling. Within the selected cluster (medical school) the students were (study units) wereselected by simple random sampling. Data collection technique & tool: Data was collectedthrough self-administered questionnaires. Sample size: 200 medical students from the selectedmedical school. Hundred students each from 2nd and 5th year ongoing classes were selectedthrough simple random sampling. Results: 35.5% (71/200) of medical students interviewed inboth the classes had an idea about the causative agent of Dengue infection of which 59.2%(42/71) were 5th year and 40.8% (29/71) were 2nd year medical students. Sufficient knowledgeabout symptoms of Dengue infection was found in 50.0% (100/200) of all participants out of which59.0% (59/100) were in final and 41% (41/100) were in 2ndyear of medical school. 51% (102/200)students were aware about different serotypes of Dengue infection out of which 63.7% (65/102)were 5th year and 36.3% (37/102) were 2nd year medical students (p< 0.0001: 95% CL: 1.7-5.6).About 42.5% (85/200) students interviewed were knowledgeable of different preventivemeasures to combat Dengue infection in community of which 49.4% (42/85) were 5th year and50.6% (43/85) were 2nd year medical students (p= 0.88, 95% CL: .54-1.6). Similarly out of 5thyear students who were aware of preventive measures against Dengue infection 50 %( 21/42)were undertaking preventive practices as compared to 51% (22/43) of 2nd year medical students(p= 0.91, CL: .40-2.2). Conclusions: There was no statistically significant difference inpreventive knowledge and practices against Dengue infection between 5th and 2nd year medicalstudents. Thus Community Medicine curriculum related to vector-borne diseases delivered inyear 4 of medical school was not successful in producing post intervention knowledge andbehavior change in 5th year medical students.
CHEILOSCOPY
Authors: Ishaq Nasreen , Ullah Ehsan , Jawaad Imran , Ikram Ali , Rasheed Arif
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Identification of human being is always a problem for scientistsand is based upon scientific principles. Finger prints, dental data, anthropometry & DNAanalysis are the tools used for identification purposes. The new arriving tool in the field ofpersonal identity is cheiloscopy i.e. study of lip prints which are unique for every individualand behold the potential for identification purpose. If lip prints are found at scene of crime, thepresence or absence of a person can be ruled out from the scene of crime. Methodology:The present study comprises of 150 students of SKZMDC in the age group of 20-23 year outof which 50 are males and 100 females. Lip prints were collected and matched according toSuzuki &Tsushihashi’s classification. Results: The most common pattern found in female wasII, while type III was predominant among males. Conclusion: Studies show lip prints have greatpotential to establish individuality, show gender variation and remain unchanged forever
CHRONIC HEPATITIS C VIRUS;
Authors: Asim Sadaf Ahmed , Khalid Abdullah bin , Nafay Saba , Nisa Qamar un
Published: August 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency and pattern of dermatological manifestationsin patients receiving interferon and ribavarin for hepatitis C. Patients & Methods: The studywas conducted in the Dermatology out patients department (OPD) of Dow University HospitalKarachi from April –November 2013.Patients diagnosed with hepatitis C who received interferona(3 MIU subcutaneously thrice weekly) plus ribavirin (1200 mg daily for 24 weeks).Detailedhistory and dermatological examination including mucous membrane,hair and nails wasperformed initially and then monthly for six months and findings were recorded. Results: Atotal of 109 patients were included in the study.Frequency of various skin diseases in thesepatients werepruritis 44(40.36%), transient alopecia 14(12.84%),generalized morbiliform rashin 22 (20.18%),photosensitivity in 8(7.33%), secondary hyperpigmentation in 17(15.59%)patients.Lichen Planus was observed in 6 (5.50%) patients while brittle nails were seen in 5(4.58%), glossitis in 4(3.66%),chelitis in 8(7.33%)and generalized exfoliating dermatitis in9(8.25%) patients.Apthous ulceration was observed in 7 (6.42%) patients. Conclusions: HCVand its treatment with interferon plus ribavirin is associated with significant dermatologicalcomplications. Physicians should be aware of these side effects and patients should becounseled before starting treatment.
BILE DUCT INJURIES
Authors: Sana Sadia , Jawed Muhammad , Shaikh Ubedullah , Shaikh Shazia Ubed
Published: August 2021

Objective: To find out frequency of bile duct injuries during cholecystectomyprocedures either open or laparoscopic. Study design: Prospective observational study. Placeand duration of study: This study was conducted at Surgical department, Liaquat UniversityHospital Jamshoro and Dow International Hospital Karachi, from July 2012 to December2013. Methodology: This study consisted of hundred patients. Patients were divided in twogroups. Group A for open cholecystectomy (OC) comprising of 50 patients who underwentelective open cholecystectomy. Group B for Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) comprisingof 50 patients who underwent elective Laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Inclusion criteria wereall patients diagnosed case of gallstones on the basis of ultrasound abdomen, any age andboth gender. Exclusion criteria included not willing for surgery, General anesthesia problem,pregnant ladies due to risk of foetal loss, carcinoma of gall bladder, stone in CBD and obstructivejaundice. Results: Out of 100 cases of gallstone were operated for either laparoscopic / opencholecystectmy. In open cholecystectomy group 20(40 % ) were male and 30(60 %) female.Ratio male: female ratio of 1:1.5. In laparoscopic cholecystectomy group 11(22 % ) were maleand 39(78 %) female with male: female ratio of 1:3.5. There was wide variation of age rangingfrom a minimum of 10 year to 70 year in both group. The mean age was 41.28+12.30 yearsfor OC group and 38.44+13.50 years for LC group (p 0.02). Common bile duct injury wereoccurred 2(4%) patients in laparoscopic cholecystectomy group while 3(6%) patients observedin open cholecystectomy group. Conclusions: We conclude that found bile duct injury 2(4%)patients in laparoscopic cholecystectomy group while 3(6%) patients observed in opencholecystectomy group
HYPERINSULINEMIA AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH POLY CYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME
Authors: Amna Ambreen
Published: August 2021

Objective: To determine the variable clinical presentation of Poly cystic ovarianSyndrome (PCOS) & its association with Hyperinsulinaemia in young adolescent girls. Patients& Methods: A descriptive study was conducted for one year from February 2009-2010 at IsraUniversity Hospital Hyderabad (IUH). 136 adolescent girls who came in OPD with suspectedfeatures of polycystic ovarian syndrome were recruited. Biochemical test, ultrasound of pelvisand test to determine hyperinsulinemia were done .woman having preexisting ovarian pathologywere excluded. All results were analyzed on statistical software SPSS version 16. Frequenciesand percentages were calculated. Result: Insulin resistance significantly increased (43.4 %)in girls who have shown the features of PCOS. Weight gain observed in 69 (50.7 % - Obese)and 40(29.4%- very obese) of girls respectively. Different types of menstrual irregularities suchas oligomenorrhea 50(36.8%), secondary amenorrhea 28 (20.6%) primary amenorrhea 5(3.7%) were observed. 53(39.0%) adolescent girls had normal cycle but evidence of PCO onultrasound. Infertility was found in 32 (23.5%) of participant followed by hirsutism& acne in 59(43.4%) 45 (33.1%) of woman respectively. Conclusions: There is significant association ofPCOS with hyperinsulinemia. Hyperinsulinemia if persist can lead to metabolic syndrome withits serious sequelae .Steps should be taken for early recognition of PCOS in young woman
PRACTICE OF SMOKING
Authors: Shah Ijaz Ahmed , Shahid Khalil Ahmed , Adil Saleem
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Tobacco kills nearly 6 million people each year. More than fivemillion of those deaths are the result of direct tobacco use while more than 600 000 are theresult of non-smokers being exposed to second-hand smoke. Unless urgent action is taken, theannual death toll could rise to more than eight million by 20301. To reduce this heavy morbidityand mortality due to tobacco use, can only be reduced by educating the masses regardingharmful effects of tobacco use. This cross sectional study was conducted with the objective,to assess the awareness and factors responsible for smoking among adolescents in AbbasiaHigher secondary school and Umm ul Qura High School, Bahawalpur. Settings: The studywas carried out in Abbasia Higher secondary school and Umm ul Qura High School. Duration:From 1 May 2011 to 15 June 2011. Subject/Methods: A preformed questionnaire was usedto collect data from 150 subjects included in this study. Results: Of all the subjects, 74%were aware of smoking, 22.67% were smokers. According to this study, 76.47% of smokerssaid that they smoked to enjoy some occasion, 17.65% smoked due to stress and 5% forexam preparation. Conclusions: Students were well aware of smoking hazards; prevalence ofsmoking was higher in Umm ul Qura High School students.
VESICO-VAGINAL FISTULAE;
Authors: Baloch Bilqis Aslam Baloc , Salam Abdul , Nisa Zaib Un , Nawaz Haq
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To review the causes, diagnosis and treatment of vesico-vaginalfistulae in the department of Gynaecology& Obstetrics, and Urology Department Civil HospitalQuetta. Background: Vesico-vaginal fistula is not life threatening medical disease, but the womanface problems like demoralization, isolation, social boycott and even divorce. The etiology ofthe condition has been changed over the years and in developed countries obstetrical fistulaare rare and they are usually result of gynecological surgeries or radiotherapy. In countrieslike Pakistan the situation is different, here literacy rate is low, parity rate is high and medicalfacilities are deficient. People manage delivery at home and usually multi parity. Urogenital fistulasurgery doesn’t require special or advance technology but needs experienced urogynecologistwith trained team and post operative care which can restore health, hope and sense of dignityto women. Methods: A retrospective study of 60 patients with different types of vesico-vaginalfistula werereviewed between January 2005 to December 2008. Patients were analyzed withregard to age, parity, cause, diagnosis, mode of treatment and outcome. Patients were alsoevaluated initially according to prognosis. Results: During the study of four year period 60patients of vesico-vaginal fistulae were reviewed. Majority of the patients were belonging tomiddle age group. In 48 patients repair was done through transvaginal route and 12 wereoperated through transabdominal route. One Ca patient expired and in 4 patients recurrenceoccurred. Conclusions: Iatrogenic vesico-vaginal fistulae are more common. Difficult andcomplicated fistulae need experienced surgeon. Establishment of separate fistula surgery unitis suggested to get desired results.
LIGAND BASED PHARMACOPHORE DEVELOPMENT FOR COLORECTAL CANCER DRUGS
Authors: Haseeb Muhammad , Vaqar Sana , Fazal Sahar , Khalil Aftab
Published: August 2021

….Objective: Focusing on the drugs used for chemotherapy and their associatedside effects, there is a need to design and develop new anti-colon cancer drugs with lesser sideeffects and improved efficacy. Pharmacophore model proves to be a very helpful tool servingin the designing and development of new lead compounds. Place and Duration: Departmentof Bioinformatics, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad from January 2014 to May2014. Results: In this paper, pharmacophore of 4 novel anti-colon cancer compounds hasbeen identified and validated for the first time. Using LigandScout the pharmacophore featureswere predicted and 3D pharmacophore have been extracted via VMD software. A training setdata was collected from literature and the proposed model was applied to the training setwhereby validating and verifying their similar activity as that of the most active compounds.Conclusions: The pharmacophore model is a very handy tool for new lead compoundsdiscovery and development. In this study pharmacophore models were built for novel drugs ofcolorectal cancer and they could be recommended for further studies
SERUM VITAMIN D LEVEL IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS
Authors: Shaikh Imran Ali , Masood Naila , Memon Shazia
Published: August 2021

Objective: To find out serum vitamin D levels in type 2 DM patients in Hyderabad.Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Private clinics, OPDs of government hospitals likeQasimabad, Latifabad and Pretabad. Duration: January to July 2013. Patients and Methods:Total 550 patients were selected, 450 patients (250 males and 200 females) taken from differentOPDs of Hyderabad and towns or Tehsils with diagnosis of type 2 Diabetes mellitus andanother 100 patients were taken as control (60 males and 40 females). The mean age was45.6 years. The written consent was obtained and demographic features were noted, 3cc ofblood was taken for estimation of vitamin D levels. The level of vitamin D was done on anElectrochemiluminescence Immuno Assay (ECLIA) at Diagnostic & Research laboratory LiaquatUniversity of Medical &Health sciences (LUMHS) Jamshoro, Sind. Results and Observations:Out of 550, 450 diabetic subjects tested for vitamin D, females were 44.4%and 55.5% weremales. The deficiency was seen in 33.7% patients (p <0.04) and Vitamin D insufficiency wasobserved in20% in both sex. In control group, the deficiency was observed in 23% in femalesand 20% in males while insufficiency noted in 5% in both sex. Conclusions: The study showedsignificant decreased levels of vitamin D in type 2 Diabetic subjects than normal individuals. Thevitamin D deficiency increased considerably in females with diabetes type 2.
PREVALENCE OF EXHUMATION IN DISTRICT FAISALABAD;
Authors: Nadeem Shirza , Parveen Humera , Awan Almas Fatima
Published: August 2021

Exhumation is a procedure conducted by authorities in which a body or its remainsare retrieved from the ground or wherever they were buried either lawfully or in an illegal manner.Exhumation is considered a legal procedure which is carried out when foul play is suspectedafter death and it is necessary to find out the cause of death. Objectives: To determine theprevalence of exhumation in District Faisalabad along with identifying the factors hamperingthe results to establish cause of death. Study Design: Descriptive, observational, retrospectivestudy. Setting: Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Faisalabad Medical University,Faisalabad. Period: Six years from January 2011 to December 2016. Methods: The data ofexhumations conducted in the Faisalabad district, was collected on a study proforma with thepermission of relevant authorities. Results: Total 87 cases of exhumation were studied with afrequency of 14.5 exhumations per year. Male to female ratio of 2:0.9 was found with 69% malesand 31% females. 78.16% cases belong to rural areas and 18.39% cases are from urban areas.Commonest age group was 20-29 year with (27.5%) cases. Cause of death was determinedonly in 18.39 % cases. In majority of cases (44.82%) time lapse between death & exhumationwas 1-3 months. Allegations made for conduction of exhumation was poisoning in majorityof cases (35.63%). Conclusion: Time lapse between burial & exhumation, advance stage ofputrefaction, improper allegations &lack of proper documentation leads to failure in achievingthe objective of exhumation.
DENTAL PROSTHESIS;
Authors: Riaz Wasiq , Aslam Ayesha , Aziz Sara
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) are still preferred owing to theirdurability, esthetics, cost-effectiveness, adequate retention and lack of a surgical procedure.These restorations generally demonstrate longer life and durability in clinical service. Despitethe high survival rates, FDP complications are frequently encountered. Although severalstudies have reported on complications associated with FDPs, there is a lack of a standardand universal reporting system for FDP failures. Objectives: To evaluate FDP failures using aneasy classification scheme relevant to all conventional FDP failures. To assess the prevalenceof FDP failures based on this system. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: MargallaInstitute of Health Sciences (MIHS), Rawalpindi. Period: From 20th July 2014 to 20th January2015. Materials and Methods: Subjects reporting to the outpatient department with complaintsof failed crowns or bridges were included in the study. FDP failures were classified accordingto Manappallil’s classification. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24. Descriptive statisticswere calculated. Results: Majority (31.6%) of the FDP failures were classified as Class I failureswhile the second most common FDP failures belonged to Class IV with a prevalence of 30.1%.Majority of the study subjects had been wearing FDPs for a period of 2 – 5 years while a few(2%) reported a history of use of FDP for more than 15 years. Conclusion: Class I failures arethe most prevalent failures in FPDs.
ASPHYXIA NEONATORUM;
Authors: Ahmed Iqbal , Arshad Umair , Saleem Fawwad , Ul Haq Hafiz Muhammad Anwar , Tabassum Sobia , Sabir Arshia , Ul Haq Hafiz Muhammad Ejaz
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Severe hypoxic ischemic organ damage is caused by asphyxia innewborns which can follow fatal outcomes or severe life-long pathologies like renal insufficiency.We wanted to note the frequency of renal derangement in neonates having asphyxia neonatoumin this study. Setting & Period: Department of Pediatrics, Bahawal Victoria Hospital (BVH),Bahawalpur, from 1st January 2017 to 31st June 2017. Materials & Methods: Two hundredand sixty four neonates of both genders with birth asphyxia were included in the study. Mainoutcome was renal derangement in asphyxia neonatorum. Results: Mean weight was 2.54kg with standard deviation 0.50 kg and having mean APGAR score 4.43 with SD 1.66. 0It wasnoted that 189 (71.6%) neonates had Renal derangement in which 109 (57.7%) were males and80 (42.3%) were females with mean of weight was 2.53kg, having mean APGAR score 4.44.Conclusion: Renal derangement is quite common in neonates with birth asphyxia.
MODIFIED DUHAMEL PROCEDURE;
Authors: Mirza Muhammad Afzal , Askri Mohsin Riaz , Maqbool Shumyala , Ahmad Sarfraz
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To evaluate the early complications of Martin’s Modified DuhamelProcedure. Design: Retrospective study. Period: January 2017–December 2017. Setting: TheChildren Hospital & Institute of Child Health, Faisalabad. Material and Methods: This studyincluded Eighty Six children who underwent Martin’s modification of Duhamel’s procedure fortreatment of Hirschsprung’s disease. Results: Early postoperative complications (with in 1st 30days of operation) were observed in 86 patients. The complications noted were bleeding (n=3),wound infection (n=20), burst abdomen (n=5), anastomotic leak (n=8), intestinal obstruction(n=4), early post-operative constipation (n=6), enterocolitis (n=6), soiling (n=5) and mortality(n=2). Conclusion: Early post-operative complications in the series included bleeding, woundinfection, burst abdomen, anastomotic leak, intestinal obstruction, constipation, enterocolitis,soiling and death. The complications rate in this study is comparable to the previous studies.
CERVICAL LAMINOPLASTY;
Authors: Khulsai Muhammad Sameer , Imran Muhammad , Khan Atiq Ahmed , Ahmed Syed Ijlal , Zeeshan Qazi Muhammad , Mari Abdul Razaque
Published: August 2021

Background and Objectives: To analyze the functional outcome of open doorlaminoplasty (ODL) for the treatment of Cervical Ossified Posterior Longitudinal Ligament(OPLL). Study Design: Case series study. Setting: Civil Hospital Karachi. Period: 05 years,2013 to 2017. Material & Methods: 18 patients (15 Male, 3 Female) underwent ODL for cervicalOPLL, over a period of 5 years. Pre-operative & post- operative degree of myelopathy wasassessed using Nurick grading score. Patients with Nurick grade > 2 were included in study.MRI compatible titanium micro plates & screws were used. Instability was assessed by X-rayCervical Spine obtained 6 weeks post-operatively. Results: Mean age of presentation was 52years. 2 to 3 levels were involved in most cases. Mean operative time was 2 hours 30 minutes.Following Nurick grading 94.4% (n=17) improved by grade 1 or more, while in only 5.6%(n=1) it remained same. No instability or kyphotic deformity was seen on follow up X-rays.Conclusion: ODL is a safe & effective procedure for the treatment of multiple level OPLL. Itcan avoid complications related to the anterior approach (like unintentional durotomy & spinalcord injury) and diminished the possibility of instability & kyphotic deformity associated withlaminectomy alone.
DIABETIC RETINOPATHY;
Authors: Chaudhary Nasir Ahmad , Hameed Samreen , Ul Moazzam Muhammad Sultan , Zahoor Sarmad , Latif Sidrah , Bashir Yasir
Published: August 2021

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common complications ofdiabetes affecting more than 1/4th of the diabetics and is also the leading cause of blindness inmany parts of the globe. Regular fundoscopic examination for screening is a routine practicein tertiary care hospitals but is not available in the primary care centers. This necessitatesthe development of a reliable screening tool which will allow for early referral of those withcomplications to the specialist centers. Objective: To determine the predictive value of HbA1clevels for the presence of diabetic retinopathy. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting:Diabetic Clinic of Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Period: 04 months, January to April 2017. Method:75 diabetic patients who presented in Diabetic clinic were investigated for HbA1c levels andfundoscopic evaluation was done to detect retinal changes. Results: Out of 75 patients, 35(46.7%) were female, 40 (53.3%) were male. Median age of the patients was 51 years. All patientshad HbA1c levels more than 6.0% and 62% patients had detectable changes on fundi while therest had no detectable retinal disease despite elevated HbA1c levels. Positive predictive value(PPV) of elevated HbA1c levels for the presence of diabetic retinal changes was calculated tobe 62.66%. Conclusion: All the patients who had retinal disease on fundoscopy had HbA1clevels of more than 6.0% (PPV = 62.66) which means that elevated HbA1c levels warrant afundoscopic retinal examination to rule out diabetic retinopathy.
WILKIN’S SCORE
Authors: Mughal Sobia , Hanif Muhammad Imran , Riaz Areeba , Hanif Asif
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To assess the predictive value of Wilkin’s score in determining theprocedural success of Percutaneous Transvenous Mitral Commissurotomy. Study Design:Cross sectional study. Setting: Catheterization Laboratory of Gulab Devi Chest Hospital, Lahore.Period: April 2016 to March 2017. Methods: All patients with valve area <1.5cm², pliable orborder line pliable valve were included in study. Patients who had LA thrombus, severe mitralregurgitation, severe valvular calcification were excluded from study. Patients were evaluatedclinically and echocardiographically 24 hours before and after procedure. Valve morphology wasassessed using 2D echocardiography. Wilkins’ score’s sensitivity and specificity and predictiveaccuracy at score >8 was also assessed. Mean was used to express quantitative data whilequalitative data was presented using frequency tables. One-sample kolomogorov smirnov testwas applied to see normality of data. Paired sample t-test was applied for normally distributedwhile Wilcoxon test for non-normally distributed data. Results: There were 26(23.6%) male and84(76.4%) female with mean age 32.30±11.40 years. Successful results of PTMC with MVA ≥1.5were obtained in 97 (88.2%) while it remained unsuccessful in 13 (11.8%) patients. Successfulresults with Wilkins score <8 were obtained in 22(95.6%) and unsuccessful in 1(4.3%) patient.While with Wilkin score ≥8, it remained successful in 75(86.2%) and unsuccessful in 12(13.7%)patients. Sensitivity and specificity of Wilkins score for the success of PTMC was 22.68% and92.31% respectively. Conclusion: The success of PTMC depends upon valve morphology.Wilkins score is the best determinant to predict the likelihood of success or failure of procedureand therefore should be used to select suitable patients prior to PTMC.
Depression and anxiety Post Total Abdominal Hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.
Authors: Khan Sarosh , Khan Sheema , Channa Shehla Raza , Bawany Muhammad Adnan
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To determine the frequency and severity of depression and anxiety in patients who had undergone total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad, Sindh. Period: From 14th January 2015 to 14th January 2016. Material & Methods: Total 136 women were included in the study that had undergone total abdominal hysterectomy along with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Women who had an obstetrical hysterectomy, vaginal hysterectomy, subtotal hysterectomy, hysterectomized women with pre-existing depression and psychosis and women who did not agree to participate were excluded. Anxiety and depression were labelled along with severity as per operational definition using Zung self-rating depression and Zung self-rating anxiety scale and were analyzed by using SPSS 11.0. Result: Majority of the women were married (88.2%), educated (66.9%), and grand multiparous (46.3%). Commonest age group was more than 40 years (29.4%). Anxiety was present in 27.2% whereas depression was seen in 32.4% women. Conclusion: There was a highly significant association of age, parity and level of education with anxiety as well as depression. Majority of the women suffered from mild to moderate level of anxiety and depression.
Clinical spectrum and outcome of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in children.
Authors: Mushtaq Asma , Lodhi Aysha Mansoor , Rizwan Wajiha , Ruth Carol , Muzaffar Meher , Mir Arooj
Published: September 2021

Objective: To determine the types, clinical spectrum and outcome of Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis (EPTB) in children admitted at a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: The Children's Hospital and The Institute of Child Health, Lahore. Period: May to December 2019. Material & Methods: A total of 63 patients diagnosed with EPTB aged 1 month to 16 years were included. All patients with lung involvement were excluded from the study. Anti-tuberculous therapy (ATT) was started in all patients and outcome was monitored during the hospital stay. Results: In a total of 63 patients, mean age was 9.03+3.1 years. There were 35 (55.5%) male and 28 (44.4%) female. The mean duration of symptoms at the time of presentation was 5.93+2.4 months. The common sites of EPTB were meninges noted in 17(26.9%), pleural in 13 (20.6%), abdominal in 12 (19.04%), lymph nodes in 11 (17.4%), disseminated in 6 (9.52%) and bone and joints in 4 (6.34%) patients. The most common systemic complaints were fever in 58 (92.06%), weight loss in 48 (76.1%) and anorexia in 45 (71.4%). After treatment, fifty-four patients improved and discharged while 9 (14.2%) patients died. Conclusion: The commonest sites of EPTB were meninges, pleural, abdomen and lymph nodes. Fever, weight loss and anorexia were the most frequent systemic complaints. Most of the patients recovered while the most common cause of mortality was tuberculous meningitis.
Parental refusal to child’s vaccination.
Authors: Ali Dua Ahmed , Ali Iqra Ahmed , Masood Waniyah , Fatimah Aiman , Noor Areeba , Fatima Sameen
Published: September 2021

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Perinatal outcome in pregnant females at term having low amniotic fluid index.
Authors: Sharif Nadia , Qasim Ayesha
Published: September 2021

Objectives: To determine the frequency of perinatal outcome in pregnant females at term having low amniotic fluid index. Study Design: Descriptive, Case Series study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Independent University Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: 1st October 2019 to 31st March 2020. Materials & Methods: A total of 90 women having singleton pregnancy with cephalic presentation having 37-40 weeks of gestation with AFI <8cm, 20 to 35 years of age were included. Patients with multiple pregnancy, ruptured membrane, fetal anomaly, gestational diabetes and Rh Incompatibility were excluded. Cesarean delivery, meconium stained liquor, low birth weight, NICU admission and APGAR score <7 at 5 min were assessed by consultant gynecologist. Results: Age range in this study was from 20 to 35 years with mean age of 28.92 + 4.45 years. Majority of the patients 43 (47.77%) were between 31 to 35 years of age. Mean gestational age was 38.31 + 1.20 weeks. Mean parity was 2.72 + 1.02. In this study, frequency of perinatal outcome in pregnant females at term having low amniotic fluid index was as follows; cesarean section was performed in 60 (66.67%), low birth weight was observed in 58 (64.44%) patients, APGAR score <7 at 5 minutes in 56 (62.22%), meconium stained liquor in 24 (26.67%) and NICU admission in 17 (18.89%) patients. Conclusion: This study concluded that proper antenatal monitoring and management should be done in these high risk patients in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality of the fetus.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice (kap) of electronic waste management among consumers in Dhaka City, Bangladesh
Authors: Romana Afrose Meem  , Ahmad Kamruzzaman Majumder  , Khalid Md. Bahauddin
Published: September 2021

Electronic waste is growing at an alarming rate in Dhaka City which would be harmful for the environment and the people of the city if it is not properly managed. This study aimed to explore consumers’ knowledge, attitude, and practice towards electronics waste manage facility of Dhaka city. The Present study follows quantitative research methods and collects data in the way of purposive sampling technique. Every city dweller uses electronic equipment in his house or office for daily activities. Although 100% of people are involved in e-waste generation but they (actually 73.5%) have no proper knowledge about the management of electronic wastes. On the other hand, approximately 96.8% citizens believe that there is a lack of proper management of electronic waste in the city. Again, nearly 95.2% would like to be involved in setting up a responsible and safe recycling scheme in the city area to get rid of from the detrimental effects of the electronic wastes. Of them, about 79% consumers are willing to get involved their selves into proper e-waste management facility by setting up a responsible and safe recycling scheme for the betterment of future generations and minimizing present socio-eco-environmental threat.
An improved data leakage detection system in a cloud computing environment
Authors: Prisca I. Okochi  , Stanley A. Okolie  , Juliet N. Odii
Published: September 2021

An Improved Data Leakage Detection System is designed to mitigate the leakage of crucial and sensitive data in a cloud computing environment. Generally, leakage of data in computing system has caused a lot of irreparable damage or catastrophe to various institutions or organizations worldwide. Therefore, this research aims at detecting and preventing any intentional or non-intentional data leakages using dynamic password or key for data decryption security mechanisms. To achieve this the OOADM methodology was adopted. The new system was implemented using ASP.net MVC and Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio as the backend. And by incorporating an Audit trail/Transaction log mechanism, the new system monitors the activities within and outside the computing environment with date and time stamp. Hence, the system can be applied in any environment for the prevention and detection of any data leakage.
APLKASI PEMBELAJARAN BALOK DAN KUBUS DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Irham Fanani Ganis , Alfiansyah Iqnatia , Ernawati Ernawati , Sukaris Sukaris , Rahmad Rahim Andi
Published: September 2021

Badan Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) Secara resmi menyatan virus corona COVID-19 sebagai pandemi. Menurut WHO, pandemi adalah skala penyebaran penyakit yang terjadi secara global diseluruh dunia. Suatu wabah sebagai pandemi artinya WHO memberi alarm pada pemerintah semua negara dunia untuk mencegah atau menangani wabah. Guna untuk memutus rantai penyebaran covid-19 Pemerintahan Indonesia juga telah mengeluarkan surat edaran tentang pedoman penyelengaraan belajar dari rumah dalam masa darurat penyebaran CORONA VIRUS DISEASE (COVID-19), Artinya  pendidikan di Indonesia yang awalnya dilakukan dengan secara tatap muka sekarang dilaksanakan dengan cara daring atau online. Banyak kendala-kendala yang dialami saat pembelajaran dilakukakan secara daring. Mulai dari keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana, kurangnya pemahaman dari seorang pendidik dan peserta didik di dalam dunia tekhnologi dan masih banyak lagi faktor-faktor yang menghambat proses pembelajaran. Oleh karena itu, penulis memberikan sebuah Aplikasi pembelajaran tentang Bab Balok dan kubus dalam mata pelajaran matematika Kelas 4 SD/MI yang bertujuan untuk membantu guru didalam menyampaikan sebuah materi dan membantu peserta didik untuk memahami sebuah materi. Dan aplikasi ini juga cocok untuk belajar ketika di rumah karena aplikasi ini juga aplikasi offline dalam arti peserta didik tidak perlu mengeluarkan biaya apapun ketika belajar.
Implementasi Pendidikan Ekologi KEE Mangrove pada Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler Sekolah di Kecamatan Ujungpangkah
Authors: Khikmiyah Fatimatul , Yuli Ardiyansah Tri , Firmani Ummul , Rahmad Rahim Andi
Published: September 2021

Pada tahun 2020, wilayah Ujungpangkah ditetapkan sebagai salah satu wilayah yang masuk dalam KEE (Kawasan Ekosistem Esensial) yang merupakan kawasan atau hamparan eksosistem penting yang memilki nilai keanekaragaman hayati tinggi diluar kawasan konservasi yang secara ekologis dan sosial ekonomi budaya penting bagi tujuan konservasi keanekaragaman hayati. KEE memiliki nilai penting secara ekologis yang mampu menunjang kesejahteraan masyarakat dan mutu kehidupan. Oleh karena itu, segala bentuk kegiatan yang bertujuan untuk melestarikan dan mengembangkan kawasan ini perlu mendapat perhatian yang sangat serius. Sekolah sebagai lembaga pendidikan formal memiliki peran yang sangat strategis dalam meningkatkan peran serta masyarakat dalam menjaga kelestarian kawasan ini. Pada program pengabdian masyarakat bertujuan untuk mengintegrasikan pendidikan ekologi KEE mangrove pada kegiatan ekstrakurikuler di sekolah, baik sekolah SD, SMP maupun SMA. Sasaran untuk tahun pertama pada kegiatan ini adalah melaksanakan sosialisasi kepada guru-guru mengenai KEE mangrove Ujungpangkah dan peran penting pendidikan ekologi disekolah terutama SMP. Tempat pelaksanaan kegiatan sosialisasi di SMPN 13 Gresik pada semester Genap 2020/2021. Hasil kegiatan sosialisasi adalah didapatkan data survei pengetahuan guru tentang KEE mangrove Ujungpangkah dan implementasi pendidikan ekologi di sekolah yang telah dilakukan serta perlunya pendidikan ekologi disekolah. Dari hasil survei akan dijadikan sebagai acuan untuk menentukan langkah selanjutnya dalam menyusun kurikulum kegiatan ekstrakurikuler di sekolah.
PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.)Moench) PADA DOSIS PUPUK NPK CAIR DAN MEDIA TANAM YANG BEREDA
Authors: Legawati Ajeng Embri , Jumadi Rahmad , Lailiyah Wiharyanti Nur
Published: September 2021

Okra merupakan komoditas holtikultura berupan sayuran yang mempunyai banyak manfaat. Peningkatan produksi tanaman okra dapat dilakukan dengan penggunaan media tanam dan pemupukan yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman okra pada dosis pupuk NPK cair dan media tanam yang berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan pada lahan kosong perumahan Jl. Banjarbaru IX no.46 GKB Manyar-Gresik pada bulan Mei 2020 sampai Agustus 2020. Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan duafaktor. Faktor I komposisi media tanam : top soil + pasir (1:1), top soil + sekam padi (1:1), top soil+ pupuk kandang sapi (1:1). Faktor II dosis pupuk NPK cair : tanpa pupuk NPK (0 ml/polybag),(Pupuk NPK 600 ml/polybag), (Pupuk NPK 840 ml/polybag) terdapat 9 kombinasi perlakuan dandiulang tiga kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat interaksi nyata pada variabel pengamatanjumlah daun umur 3 mst dan diameter batang. Perlakuan media tanam top soil + pupuk kandangsapi (1:1) menghasilkan rataan tertinggi pada variabel pengamatan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun 2-6mst, jumlah buah, bobot buah segar pertanaman dan bobot buah perhektar. Perlakuan dosis pupukNPK cair menunjukkan perbedaan nyata pada variabel pengamatan jumlah daun 3 mst dan diameterbatang.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN DOSIS PUPUK ORGANIK GRANUL DAN PUPUK PHONSKA PLUS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN TEBU (Saccharum officinarum L.) DENGAN METODE BAGAL SATU MATA TUNAS
Authors: Rahayu Diana Fitriyah , Budi Setyo , NurLailiyah Wiharyanti
Published: September 2021

Tanaman tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) merupakan bahan baku pembuatan gula.Produksi tanaman tebu mengalami penurunan yang diakibatkan oleh pemupukan yang tidakseimbang dan metode penanaman bibit tebu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkanproduksi tanaman tebu. Hal ini dapat ditempuh melalui pemberian pupuk organik granul danpupuk phonska plus yang berimbang dengan menggunakan metode bagal satu mata tunas.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan Agroteknologi di Desa Klangonan, Gresik padabulan Mei - Juli 2020. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah Rancangan AcakKelompok (RAK) dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama Pupuk Organik Granul (G) dengan duataraf yaitu Gi dan G2 dan Pupuk Phonska Plus (P) dengan tiga taraf yaitu Po, Pi, P2 dan diulangtiga kali sehingga terdapat 18 kombinasi perlakuan. Analisis data menggunakan Anova denganuji F 5%. Jika terdapat beda nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) 5%.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada perlakuan pemberian pupuk organik granul terdapat bedanyata tertinggi dibandingkan perlakuan pemberian pupuk phonska plus pada semua umurpengamatan (45, 59, 73, dan 87 HST). Pada pemberian dosis pupuk organik granul 1.500 kg/hadapat meningkatkan tinggi batang dan diameter batang. Pada pemberian pupuk phonska pluspada dosis 200 kg/ha dan 400 kg/ha tidak terdapat perbedaan nyata pada semua variabelpengamatan. Terdapat interaksi perlakuan pemberian pupuk organik granul dan pupuk phonskaplus pada pengamatan tinggi batang dan diameter batang terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman tebu.Perlakuan paling efektif yaitu G2P1 (pemberian pupuk organik granul 1.500 kg/ha + pupukphonska plus 200 kg/ha) dapat meningkatkan produksi tanaman tebu.
Selection Of The Best Employees Using Analytical Hierarchy Process at PT. Gotrans Logsitics International Semarang Branch
Authors: Putranto Bachtiar Dwi Hari , Kurniadi Dedy , Widiharini Asih
Published: August 2021

One form of appreciation that a company gives to employees is the selection of one or several employees to be the best employees, usually companies implement this program for the benefit of their respective companies. This program is also carried out by PT. Gotrans Logistics International Semarang branch to motivate the development of the quality of human resources to compete in a healthy manner which indirectly also has a good impact on the company. This best employee selection program will take a long time and the results are inaccurate if not assisted by a decision support system, therefore a decision support system is needed to get the expected results. Selection will be carried out by determining the weight of the desired criteria and then ranking the employees. With the creation of a decision support system using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, it can provide a solution in performing calculations and minimizing the time used in the selection.
Ahdistunut kansakunta
Authors: Kainulainen Siru
Published: September 2021

Elise Nykänen & Riikka Rossi (toim.): Suomalaiset ahdistukset. Kansallinen omakuva ja kielteiset tunteet. Joutsen / Svanen. Erikoisjulkaisuja 4. Helsingin yliopisto: Suomalainen klassikkokirjasto, Helsingin yliopiston suomalais-ugrilainen ja pohjoismainen osasto, 2020, 164 s. https://journal. /joutsen-svanen-erikois-special/issue/view/5483
Hematologic and Biochemical Reference Intervals and Urinary Test Results for Wild-caught Adult Southern Giant Pouched Rats (Cricetomys ansorgei)
Authors: Stokol Tracy , Brandt Laura E , Shuman Martha , Jeffery Dean A , Blank Bryant , Silvela Emily , Singh Bhupinder
Published: August 2021

Southern giant pouched rats (Cricetomys ansorgei) are muroid rodents native to subSaharan Africa. They are increasingly used as service animals because of their keen sense of smell and are primarily known for clearing minefields in Africa. The objectives of this study were to
determine hematologic and biochemical reference intervals from clinically healthy wild-caught captive adult rats, to describe the cytochemical staining reactions of peripheral blood leukocytes, and to document urinalysis findings. Blood samples were collected from the coccygeal artery of 60
isoflurane-anesthetized rats (36 males and 24 females) and analyzed with automated hematologic and biochemical analyzers; manual differential cell counts were performed on modified Wright–stained blood smears. Urine was collected by cystocentesis, and dipsticks were analyzed on a urine
analyzer, with visual examination of unstained sediments. Samples from a male rat with chronic renal disease were excluded from analysis. Reference intervals were determined according to guidelines established by the American Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology. Lymphocytes were the dominant
leukocyte in peripheral blood and granular lymphocytes were identified in most animals. Male rats had significantly higher RBC, absolute reticulocyte counts, and MCV than did female rats. Minor sex-associated differences in urea nitrogen concentration and GGT activity were noted. Leukocytes
showed unique cytochemical staining characteristics. Small amounts of protein and bilirubin were found in the urine of rats of both sexes and of female rats, respectively, particularly in concentrated urine. These results will provide benchmarks for determining health status and identifying
disease in this species of rat.
Evaluation of pedestrian paths feasibility in the area around Manggarai to support the transit-oriented development concept
Authors: Febriyanto Muhammad Faleri , Kusliansjah Yohanes Karyadi , Tobing Rumiati Rosaline
Published: August 2021

The implementation of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) concept on pedestrian paths in Manggarai, Jakarta, requires well-ordered pedestrian path, as an area linkage between transit facility and various functions around it. Presently, the pedestrian paths condition around Manggarai Station is still not optimal. Meanwhile, the Transit-Oriented Development concept demands compliance with the standards in its implementation. This study aims to assess the pedestrian paths feasibility in the area around Manggarai Station, based on the criteria that should be met in supporting the concept implementation process. This research applied an evaluative method through POE (Post-Occupancy Evaluation), in measuring the standards of the existing pedestrian paths and providing recommendations for the authorities. The findings are novelties in understanding the disadvantages of safety factors, physical infrastructure, shelter for the hot and rainy season, easy access to the elderly and people with disabilities, especially in linking supporting facilities. Interestingly, the pedestrian path has an attraction that triggers people to walk a long distance with ease. Also, these findings are important in designing Transit-Oriented Development at Manggarai, such as wide sidewalks, providing zebra crossings, and trees. In addition, these result are in the form of suggestions for improving pedestrian path conditions as well as providing action plans for stakeholders.