bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fungus ball and emphysematous cystitis secondary to Candida tropicalis: A case report
Authors: Wang Lei , Ji Xiang , Sun Guo-feng , Qin Ying-chao , Gong Miao-zi , Zhang Jin-xia , Li Ning-chen , Na Yan-qun
Published: September 2015

Fungus ball and fungal emphysematous cystitis are two rare complications of fungal urinary tract infection. A 53-year-old male patient presented with these complications caused by Candida tropicalis simultaneously. The predisposing factors were diabetes mellitus and usage of broad-spectrum antibiotics. The fungus ball, measuring 3.5 × 2.0 cm on the left wall of the urinary bladder, shrank significantly to 1.6 × 0.8 cm after 5 days of intermittent irrigation with saline before surgery. With transurethral removal of the fungus ball and antifungal treatment with fluconazole, the patient fully recovered. We conclude that a bladder fungus ball and fungal emphysematous cystitis should always be suspected in patients with diabetes mellitus with uncontrolled funguria and abnormal imaging. Treatment should include a systemic antifungal therapy and thorough surgical removal of the fungus ball. A systemic antifungal therapy combined with a local irrigation with saline or antifungal drugs might help decrease the dissemination of fungemia during an invasive manipulation.
Towards optimizing prostate tissue retrieval following holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP): Assessment of two morcellators and review of literature
Authors: Elshal Ahmed M. , Mekkawy Ramy , Laymon Mahmoud , El-Assmy Ahmed , El-Nahas Ahmed R.
Published: September 2015

Introduction: We assess different approaches to retrieve the enucleated adenoma after transurethral enucleation of the prostate, particularly using the holmium laser.Methods: A retrospective review through our prospectively maintained database was performed looking for safety and efficacy of two morcellators. The enucleation phase of the holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) was classically performed followed by retrieval of the intravesical adenoma using either the Piranha (Wolf Inc., Knittlingen, Germany) or VersaCut (Lumenis) morcellator. A PubMed-MEDLINE search was conducted for all transurethral enucleation procedures and relevant data regarding methods of prostate tissue retrieval were extracted.Results: Strictly limiting the study to 3 reusable blades with each morcellator, we performed 67 and 55 consecutive procedures with Piranha and VersaCut, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two morcellators regarding perioperative complications, apart from 5 bladder mucosal injuries with the VersaCut (9%). Furthermore, there were similar retrieved tissue weight, mechanical problems-rate, catheter-time and hospital-stay in both morcellators. However, the Piranha morcellator needed significantly less morcellation-time, needed to use cold loop to remove non-morcellated pieces and to score the adenoma by laser for better bite of the adenoma, and had a higher median morcellation-rate 6.2 (rate: 2.8–12) g/min. Despite little reporting on morcellation, we had data on the tissue retrieval rate (2.6 to 6.5 g/min with Piranha and 1.9 to 11 g/min with VersaCut. Furthermore, bladder mucosal injury was reported in 1.4% and 0.7 to 5.7% with Piranha and VersaCut, respectively; bladder perforation with VersaCut was experienced in about 0.1 to 1.5% of patients. Our study is limited by its non-randomization.Conclusion: The Piranha morcellator was the most efficient and safe way to retrieve tissue after a transurethral enucleation of a prostate adenoma.
English Digital Dictionaries as Valuable Blended Learning Tools for Palestinian College Students
Authors: Dwaik Raghad A. A.
Published: September 2015

Digital technology has become an indispensible aspect of foreign language learning around the globe especially in the case of college students who are often required to finish extensive reading assignments within a limited time period. Such pressure calls for the use of efficient tools such as digital dictionaries to help them achieve their academic purposes. Efficient use of such tools, however, would not be possible unless students are familiar with their special features so as to use them to their maximum advantage. This paper investigates the extent to which Palestinian college students are familiar with the features and advantages of different dictionary types especially digital ones. It also probes the effect of using certain activities on the students' level of awareness and dictionary use. A structured interview and a test were applied on a group of 148 Arts and Science students at two local universities. The interview measured the purposes (skills) that these dictionaries are used for and the domains they are used in. At a later stage in the experiment, these students were involved in an eight week activity that required them to use an online dictionary on a daily basis to complete an assignment. After the experiment, it was found that the frequency of dictionary use declined in the case of the print dictionary and increased remarkably in the case of the electronic (CD-Rom) and online dictionaries. It was also found that exposing students to the authentic language available in electronic dictionaries notably enhanced the students' overall language proficiency.
Roosting behaviour and phenology of the Lesser horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus hipposideros) in a breeding colony in Sintra, Portugal
Authors: Lino Ana , Fonseca Carlos , Mendes Gabriel , Ramos Pereira María João
Published: September 2015

Almost all bats are exclusively nocturnal. However, the activity patterns throughout the night can differ between species and also within the same species from place to place. Rhinolophus hipposideros (Bechstein, 1800) has suffered a severe decline in many countries along its distribution area, including Portugal. In this study we aimed to describe the roosting behaviour during spring, summer and autumn of one of the largest maternity colonies of R. hipposideros known in Portugal. We analysed roost occupancy, activity patterns inside the roost, birth periods, and post-natal behaviour. We also tested the influence of ambient factors on the patterns of roost use. All information was obtained through the analyses of video recorded using cameras placed inside the roost, while climatic data were gathered using a meteorological station. We found that this roost has higher occupation during August and that in October it is only occupied during the night. Females gave birth from late May to early June, and in August juveniles became independent and undistinguishable from the adults. This colony presented a bimodal pattern of activity throughout the months of the study, which seems to be related with sunset and sunrise. Our results indicate that individuals of this colony prefer higher temperatures, but low humidity and wind speed to leave the roost.
Safety and Efficacy of Immediate Postoperative Feeding and Bowel Stimulation to Prevent Ileus After Major Gynecologic Surgical Procedures
Authors: Fanning James , Hojat Rod
Published: September 2015

Context: Postoperative ileus is a major complication of abdominal surgical procedures

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of ileus and gastrointestinal morbidity in patients who received immediate postoperative feeding and bowel stimulation after undergoing major gynecologic surgical procedures.

Methods: During a 5-year period, the authors tracked demographic, surgical outcome, and follow-up information for 707 patients who underwent major gynecologic operations. All patients received the same postoperative orders, including immediate feeding of a diet of choice and bowel stimulation with 30 mL of magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia) twice daily until bowel movements occurred.

Results: Of 707 patients, 6 (<1%) had postoperative ileus. No patients experienced postoperative bowel obstruction and 2 patients (0.3%) had postoperative intestinal leak. No serious adverse effects associated with bowel stimulation were reported.

Conclusion: Immediate postoperative feeding and bowel stimulation is a safe and effective approach to preventing ileus in patients who undergo major gynecologic surgical procedures.
Enablers That Positively Impact Implementation of Organizational Change
Authors: Cheng Lily
Published: September 2015

This study analyzes the enablers identified by Organization Development (OD) practitioners from interpretivist’s view as being necessary for positive change to happen in organization. Through semi-structured interviews with six OD practitioners from three organizations that elicit their experiences of change initiatives, nine enablers were found that span across the three dimensions of content, context and process suggested in Armenakis and Bedeian’s [1] Integrated Theoretical Framework for change. The research data also indicates that the interdependence of these three change dimensions increases the level of change recipients’ commitment towards successful implementation of change, and suggests that the intangible dimensions of context, as compared to the tangible dimensions of content and process, is found to require more attention from OD practitioners in order for change to be successfully implemented.
Lectotypification of four species of Indian Trachyspermum (Apiaceae)
Authors: Singh Rajeev Kumar
Published: September 2015

Four species of Indian Trachyspermum Link are lectotypified here: Trachyspermum falconeri (C.B. Clarke) H. Wolff, T. khasianum (C.B. Clarke) H. Wolff, T. roxburghianum (DC.) H. Wolff and T. villosum (Haines) P.K. Bhattach. & K. Sarkar.
Longitudinal impact of the Cyber Friendly Schools program on adolescents’ cyberbullying behavior
Authors: Cross Donna , Shaw Thérèse , Hadwen Kate , Cardoso Patricia , Slee Phillip , Roberts Clare , Thomas Laura , Barnes Amy
Published: September 2015

Cyberbullying is a major public health problem associated with serious mental, social, and academic consequences for young people. To date, few programs addressing cyberbullying have been developed and empirically tested. The Cyber Friendly Schools (CFS) group‐randomized controlled trial measured the longitudinal impact of a whole‐school online cyberbullying prevention and intervention program, developed in partnership with young people. Non‐government secondary schools in Perth, Western Australia, (N = 35; 3,000+ students) were randomized to an intervention (n = 19) or usual practice control group (n = 16 schools). Students completed online questionnaires in 2010, 2011, and at 1‐year follow‐up in 2012, measuring their cyberbullying experiences during the previous school term. The intervention group received the program in Grades 8 and 9 (aged 13–14 years). Program effects were tested using two‐part growth models. The program was associated with significantly greater declines in the odds of involvement in cyber‐victimization and perpetration from pre‐ to the first post‐test, but no other differences were evident between the study conditions. However, teachers implemented only one third of the program content. More work is needed to build teacher capacity and self‐efficacy to effectively implement cyberbullying programs. Whole‐school cyberbullying interventions implemented in conjunction with other bullying prevention programs may reduce cyber‐victimization more than traditional school‐based bullying prevention programs alone. Aggr. Behav. 42:166–180, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multi‐level risk factors and developmental assets associated with aggressive behavior in disadvantaged adolescents
Authors: Smokowski Paul R. , Guo Shenyang , Cotter Katie L. , Evans Caroline B. R. , Rose Roderick A.
Published: September 2015

The current study examined multilevel risk factors and developmental assets on longitudinal trajectories of aggressive behavior in a diverse sample of rural adolescents. Using ecological and social capital theories, we explored the impact of positive and negative proximal processes, social capital, and contextual characteristics (i.e., school and neighborhood) on adolescent aggression. Data came from the Rural Adaptation Project, which is a 5‐year longitudinal panel study of more than 4,000 middle and high school students from 40 public schools in two rural, low income counties in North Carolina. A three‐level HLM model (N = 4,056 at Wave 1, 4,251 at Wave 2, and 4,256 at Wave 3) was estimated to predict factors affecting the change trajectories of aggression. Results indicated that negative proximal processes in the form of parent‐adolescent conflict, friend rejection, peer pressure, delinquent friends, and school hassles were significant predictors of aggression. In addition, social capital in the form of ethnic identity, religious orientation, and school satisfaction served as buffers against aggression. Negative proximal processes were more salient predictors than positive proximal processes. School and neighborhood characteristics had a minimal impact on aggression. Overall, rates of aggression did not change significantly over the 3‐year study window. Findings highlight the need to intervene in order to decrease negative interactions in the peer and parent domains. Aggr. Behav. 42:222–238, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sustainability decision support framework for industrial system prioritization
Authors: Ren Jingzheng , Xu Di , Cao Huan , Wei Shun'an , Dong Lichun , Goodsite Michael Evan
Published: September 2015

A multicriteria decision‐making methodology for the sustainability prioritization of industrial systems is proposed. The methodology incorporates a fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process method that allows the users to assess the soft criteria using linguistic terms. A fuzzy Analytic Network Process method is used to calculate the weights of each criterion, which can tackle the interdependencies and interactions among the criteria. The Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation approach is used to prioritize the sustainability sequence of the alternative systems. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis method was developed to investigate the most critical and sensitive criteria. The developed methodology was illustrated by a case study to rank the sustainability of five alternative hydrogen production technologies. The advantages of the developed methodology over the previous approaches were demonstrated by comparing the results determined by the proposed framework with those determined using the pervious approaches. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 108–130, 2016
Peritoneal mesothelioma in Italy: Trends and geography of mortality and incidence
Authors: Conti Susanna , Minelli Giada , Ascoli Valeria , Marinaccio Alessandro , Bonafede Michela , Manno Valerio , Crialesi Roberta , Straif Kurt
Published: September 2015

Introduction

Peritoneal mesothelioma, a very rare and lethal malignancy, has not been investigated as extensively as pleural mesothelioma, although the role of asbestos exposure in its occurrence is well‐known. Data from Italy are relevant, as it was the largest European asbestos producer, and asbestos was widely used in many economic activities.

Methods

A population‐based mortality and incidence analysis was performed in Italy. Data sources were the National Multiple‐causes‐of‐death Database (1995–2010) and the Italian Mesothelioma Register (1993–2008).

Results

We found an increasing trend of age standardized mortality rates in men, but no clear trend in women; moreover, we showed significant risks of death in several northern regions, formerly heavy asbestos users; finally, mortality/incidence ratios similar for both genders (about 0.8) were estimated.

Conclusions

The study, based on national data, showed a higher risk of mortality from and incidence of peritoneal mesothelioma in areas with formerly heavy exposure to asbestos. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:1050–1058, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of a Practical Sequence for Difluoromethylation of 2‐Bromopyridines via Copper‐Mediated Reductive Coupling and Decarboxylation
Authors: Zeng Xingzhong , Wei Xudong , Song Jinhua J. , Sarvestani Max , Fandrick Daniel R. , Qu Bo , Rodríguez Sonia , Sieber Joshua D. , Desrosiers Jean‐Nicolas , Yee Nathan K. , Roschangar Frank , Senanayake Chris H.
Published: September 2015

A practical process was developed for the synthesis of 2‐difluoromethylpyridines via a Cu‐mediated Reductive Coupling‐Hydrolysis‐Decarboxylation sequence. The process employed 2‐bromopyridines with a variety of functional groups on the pyridine as substrates and used readily available and inexpensive starting materials. For operational safety DMSO shall not be considered as solvent and the use of DMF is recommended.
Methan als Selektivitätsverstärker in der Lichtbogensynthese von endohedralen Fullerenen: selektive Synthese des Einzelmolekülmagneten Dy2TiC@C80 und dessen Kongener Dy2TiC2@C80
Authors: Junghans Katrin , Schlesier Christin , Kostanyan Aram , Samoylova Nataliya A. , Deng Qingming , Rosenkranz Marco , Schiemenz Sandra , Westerström Rasmus , Greber Thomas , Büchner Bernd , Popov Alexey A.
Published: September 2015

Methan erhöht als reaktives Gas drastisch die Selektivität der Lichtbogensynthese von M‐Ti‐Carbidclusterfullerenen (M=Y, Nd, Gd, Dy, Er, Lu). Ferner ermöglicht die Optimierung der Prozessparameter die Synthese von Dy2TiC@C80‐I und dessen einfache Isolierung in einem einzigen chromatographischen Schritt. Neben einem zweiten Isomer des M2TiC@C80 wurde außerdem eine neue Clusterart mit endohedraler Acetylidgruppe, M2TiC2@C80, entdeckt. Weiterhin wirken Dy2TiC@C80‐(I,II) und Dy2TiC2@C80‐I als Einzelmolekülmagenten (SMMs), jedoch verschlechtert das zweite Kohlenstoffatom im Cluster des Dy2TiC2@C80 die SMM‐Eigenschaften erheblich.
New fracture characterization in polymer miniature specimens based on the essential work of fracture
Authors: Cuesta Isidoro I. , Alegre Jesus M.
Published: September 2015

The fracture characterization under plane‐stress conditions in polymer sheets in recent decades has usually been done through the application of the essential work of fracture (EWF) method. However, when deeply double‐edged, notched tensile standard specimens cannot be obtained, the use of alternative small pieces, such as prenotched miniature specimens, could be a viable solution. This is why we examined the new fracture characterization in polymer‐prenotched small punch test (SPT) specimens in this study. With the results that we obtained, the feasibility of using prenotched SPT specimens for evaluating the EWF parameters and their correspondence with the results from standard specimens were established. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 132, 42837.
Meta-analysis of radical resection rates and margin assessment in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Chandrasegaram M D , Goldstein D , Simes J , Gebski V , Kench J G , Gill A J , Samra J S , Merrett N D , Richardson A J , Barbour A P
Published: September 2015

Background

R0 resection rates (complete tumour removal with negative resection margins) in pancreatic cancer are 70–80 per cent when a 0-mm margin is used, declining to 15–24 per cent with a 1-mm margin. This review evaluated the R0 resection rates according to different margin definitions and techniques.

Methods

Three databases (MEDLINE from 1946, PubMed from 1946 and Embase from 1949) were searched to mid-October 2014. The search terms included ‘pancreatectomy OR pancreaticoduodenectomy’ and ‘margin’. A meta-analysis was performed with studies in three groups: group 1, axial slicing technique (minimum 1-mm margin); group 2, other slicing techniques (minimum 1-mm margin); and group 3, studies with minimum 0-mm margin.

Results

The R0 rates were 29 (95 per cent c.i. 26 to 32) per cent in group 1 (8 studies; 882 patients) and 49 (47 to 52) per cent in group 2 (6 studies; 1568 patients). The combined R0 rate (groups 1 and 2) was 41 (40 to 43) per cent. The R0 rate in group 3 (7 studies; 1926 patients) with a 0-mm margin was 72 (70 to 74) per cent The survival hazard ratios (R1 resection/R0 resection) revealed a reduction in the risk of death of at least 22 per cent in group 1, 12 per cent in group 2 and 23 per cent in group 3 with an R0 compared with an R1 resection. Local recurrence occurred more frequently with an R1 resection in most studies.

Conclusion

Margin clearance definitions affect R0 resection rates in pancreatic cancer surgery. This review collates individual studies providing an estimate of achievable R0 rates, creating a benchmark for future trials.
Encourage women to develop careers in athletics
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: September 2015

ORLANDO, FLA. — Rather than lamenting the fact that you don't see women climbing the college athletics career ladder as often or as quickly as men, you can take specific steps that can lead to concrete changes.
Did student‐athlete have opportunity to state her case?
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: September 2015

Jolie Krooks was accepted onto the Haverford College women's softball team. Prior to enrolling, she advised Coach Jennifer Ward that she had an eating disorder.
Prepare and prevent — instead of repair and repent
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: September 2015

ORLANDO, FLA. — The failure to prepare for and prevent risks facing your athletics department can lead to significant legal, ethical and financial consequences, plus damage to your school's image and reputation and your career.
Seeking consistency between planning orientation and situational purchase mindset
Authors: Spears Nancy , Amos Clinton , Yazdanparast Atefeh
Published: September 2015

The research applies consistency theory to investigate how planning orientation, planner, or reactor combines with situational purchase mindsets. The results of three studies reveal that (i) consistency between planning orientation and situational mindset fosters more action responses in terms of number of stores one intends to visit or actually visited; (ii) when inconsistency is experienced, action responses are fewer because the consumer seeks to resolve inconsistencies by consulting others to help build consensus toward one emerging purchase decision alternative; (iii) the findings depend upon whether the purchase context is hedonic or utilitarian for the planner but not for the reactor; and (iv) the impulsive scenario reverses the predictions of consistency theory. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Titania Morphology‐Dependent Gold–Titania Interaction, Structure, and Catalytic Performance of Gold/Titania Catalysts
Authors: Chen Shilong , Zhang Bingsen , Su Dangsheng , Huang Weixin
Published: September 2015

Employing anatase TiO2 nanocrystals with predominantly {0 0 1} facets, anatase TiO2 nanocrystals with predominantly {1 0 0} facets, and TiO2 P25 with predominantly {1 0 1} facets as supports, we have comprehensively studied the morphology effect of TiO2 on the Au‐TiO2 interaction, structure, and catalytic performance of Au/TiO2 catalysts in C3H6 epoxidation with H2 and O2, C3H6 oxidation with O2, and H2 oxidation. A strong morphology‐dependent interplay between the Au‐TiO2 interaction and the catalyst structure was observed. Only Au nanoparticles were present in the Au/TiO2 catalysts and the Auδ− species was the largest in Au/TiO2{0 0 1} due to the creation of surface O vacancies of TiO2{0 0 1} upon Au loading, whereas the fraction of Auδ+ species was largest in Au/TiO2{1 0 0} due to the preserved surface stoichiometry of TiO2{1 0 0} upon Au loading. In H2 oxidation, Au/TiO2{1 0 0} with the largest fraction of Auδ+ species was the most active but least selective toward H2O2, whereas Au/TiO2{0 0 1} with the largest fraction of Auδ− species was the most selective toward H2O2. In C3H6 oxidation with O2, tiny C3H6 conversions with the formation of partial oxidation products were observed at low temperatures, whereas C3H6 combustion occurred at high temperatures. In C3H6 epoxidation with O2 and H2, the ensemble consisting of closely connected Auδ− and Ti4+ on anatase TiO2{0 0 1} and {1 0 1} facets with weak adsorption ability was the active structure and the Au/TiO2{0 0 1} catalyst containing the largest amount of this ensemble was the most active. These results demonstrated morphological engineering of oxides as an effective strategy to optimize the catalytic performance and understand the fundamentals of catalysis involving oxides.
Single‐Step Screening of the Potential Dependence of Metal Layer Morphologies along Bipolar Electrodes
Authors: Tisserant Gwendoline , Gillion Julie , Lannelongue Jérémy , Fattah Zahra , Garrigue Patrick , Roche Jérome , Zigah Dodzi , Kuhn Alexander , Bouffier Laurent
Published: September 2015

The preparation of surface gradients is a hot topic in contemporary research. Among various physical chemistry approaches, bipolar electrochemistry allows the control of such gradients through the interfacial polarization between a conducting substrate and an electrolyte solution. Here, we report the straightforward, single‐step generation of metal composition gradients on cylindrical carbon fibers. The screening of different metal deposit morphologies, which evolve gradually along a bipolar electrode, is demonstrated with monometallic layers as well as a bimetallic composite layer based on copper and nickel.
Adsorption of Propene on Neutral Gold Clusters in the Gas Phase
Authors: Janssens Ewald , Le Hai Thuy , Lievens Peter
Published: September 2015

The adsorption of propene on neutral gold clusters is investigated in a collision cell under a few collision conditions. The adsorption reaction is studied by pressure‐dependent kinetic measurements and delayed unimolecular dissociation of the excited Aunpropene complexes. The cluster size (n=9–25) and temperature (T=90–300 K) dependence of the propene adsorption is analyzed. Strong size dependences of the absorption reaction are observed; a larger propene adsorption probability was found for gold clusters composed of an even number of atoms. Propene binding energies are estimated by comparison of the temperature‐dependent unimolecular dissociation rates with rates obtained by using statistical RRKM modeling. The Aun–propene binding energies decrease non‐monotonously with cluster size and are in the range of 1.2–0.85 eV for n=9–25. Finally, the bonding of C3H6 on Aun is qualitatively described and similarities with the absorption of CO molecules on gold clusters are discussed.
Conjugated Microporous Poly(Benzochalcogenadiazole)s for Photocatalytic Oxidative Coupling of Amines under Visible Light
Authors: Wang Zi Jun , Garth Kim , Ghasimi Saman , Landfester Katharina , Zhang Kai A. I.
Published: September 2015

Metal‐free visible‐light photocatalysts offer a clean, sustainable solution to many pressing environmental issues. Herein, we present a molecular design strategy to fine‐tune the valence and conduction band levels of a series of conjugated microporous polymer networks based on poly(benzochalcogenadiazole) for heterogeneous photocatalysis. Enhanced photocatalytic efficiency was observed by altering the chalcogene moieties in the electron‐accepting benzochalcogenadiazole unit of the polymer backbone structure. Photooxidative coupling of benzylamines was chosen as a model reaction. This design strategy leading to enhanced efficiency could potentially improve a wide range of photoredox reactions.
Efficient and secure certificateless signature scheme in the standard model
Authors: Pang Liaojun , Hu Yufei , Liu Yi , Xu Kedong , Li Huixian
Published: September 2015

Certificateless cryptography not only enjoys many advantages of identity‐based cryptography (IBC) but also eliminates the fatal drawback, which is called the key escrow in IBC. Most of the early certificateless signature schemes are secure based on the random oracle model, and nowadays, more and more researchers put emphasis on the scheme based on the standard model. In 2010, Xia et al. demonstrated that the previous schemes in the standard model cannot resist the public‐key‐replace attack. In 2012, for the purpose of overcoming the common drawback, Yu et al. presented a new certificateless signature scheme. However, under the public‐key‐replace attack and malicious‐but‐passive key generation center attack, this scheme is proven to be vulnerable. Moreover, there are too many bilinear pairings used in this scheme, which lead to its low computation efficiency. Aiming at the weakness of the scheme byYu et al., we propose a new certificateless signature scheme, which provides stronger security and higher computational efficiency than the existing schemes. In addition, according to the concept of Girault's trust level, the new scheme can reach trust level 3. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Modularly Designed Supramolecular Organocatalyst as an Effective Stimulant for the Highly Asymmetric Michael Addition of Ketones to Nitro Olefins
Authors: Ramachary Dhevalapally B. , Shruthi Kodambahalli S. , Madhavachary R.
Published: September 2015

The asymmetric modularly designed supramolecular organocatalytic nitro olefin–ketone Michael addition of a variety of functionally rich nitro olefins with ketones was explored. The modularly designed supramolecular organocatalytic Michael reaction is characterized by a high rate, high chemoselectivity, high diastereoselectivity, high enantioselectivity, mild reaction conditions, readily available substrates/catalysts with simple operations, and excellent yields with a broad spectrum of functionally rich substrates. This method constitutes an alternative to previously known organocatalytic Michael reactions.
The Impact of Vitamin D, Calcium, Protein Supplementation, and Physical Exercise on Bone Metabolism After Bariatric Surgery: The BABS Study
Authors: Muschitz Christian , Kocijan Roland , Haschka Judith , Zendeli Afrodite , Pirker Thomas , Geiger Corinna , Müller Andrea , Tschinder Bettina , Kocijan Annemarie , Marterer Christina , Nia Arastoo , Muschitz Gabriela Katharina , Resch Heinrich , Pietschmann Peter
Published: September 2015

Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) are common and effective methods to treat severe obesity, but these procedures can adversely influence bone metabolism and areal bone mineral density (aBMD). This was a prospective 24-month single-center interventional two-arm study in 220 women and similarly aged men (median age 40.7 years) with a body mass index (BMI) >38 kg/m2 after RYGB and SG procedures. Patients were randomized into: 1) an intervention group receiving: 28,000 IU cholecalciferol/wk for 8 weeks before bariatric surgery, 16,000 IU/wk and 1000 mg calciummonocitrate/d after surgery, daily BMI-adjusted protein supplementation and physical exercise (Nordic walking, strength perseverance, and equipment training); 2) a non-intervention group: no preoperative loading, nutritional supplementation, or obligatory physical exercise. At study endpoint, when comparing the intervention group to the non-intervention group, the relative percentage changes of serum levels of sclerostin (12.1% versus 63.8%), cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTX, 82.6% versus 158.3%), 25-OH vitamin D (13.4% versus 18.2%), phosphate (23.7% versus 32%, p < 0.001 for all), procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP, 12% versus 41.2%), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH, –17.3% versus –7.6%), and Dickkopf-1 (–3.9% versus –8.9%, p < 0.05 for all) differed. The decline in lumbar spine, total hip and total body aBMD, changes in BMI, lean body mass (LBM), as well as changes in trabecular bone score (TBS) values (p < 0.005 for all) were less, but significantly, pronounced in the intervention group. We conclude that vitamin D loading and ongoing vitamin D, calcium, and BMI-adjusted protein supplementation in combination with physical exercise decelerates the loss of aBMD and LBM after bariatric surgery. Moreover, the well-known increases of bone turnover markers are less pronounced. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The metabolic cost of mounting an immune response in male brown anoles (Anolis sagrei)
Authors: Cox Christian L. , Peaden Robert T. , Cox Robert M.
Published: September 2015

The tradeoff between reproduction and survival is central to life‐history theory and is thought to reflect underlying energetic tradeoffs between reproduction and self‐maintenance. Immune responses to parasites and pathogens are important components of self‐maintenance in many species, but whether these defenses impose significant energetic costs has only been tested in a handful of organisms. We tested for a metabolic cost of mounting an immune response in the male brown anole (Anolis sagrei), a lizard in which we have previously shown that reproduction causes a marked reduction in immune response to the novel antigen phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). We treated captive male anoles with a subcutaneous injection of either PHA, which induces an immune response that manifests as localized swelling, or saline vehicle as a control. Prior to injection and at 24, 48, and 72 hr post‐injection, we measured swelling at the site of injection and whole‐animal resting metabolic rate (RMR) using stop‐flow respirometry. Although we detected a robust swelling response to PHA at 24, 48, and 72 hr post‐injection, mean RMR did not differ between treatments at any of these time points. However, within the PHA treatment group, RMR increased with the extent of swelling, suggesting a variable metabolic cost that scales with the magnitude of the induced immune response. Although individual anoles varied considerably in the extent to which they responded to PHA challenge, our results suggest that an immune response can impose a substantial metabolic cost (potentially as much as 63% above baseline RMR) for individuals that do respond maximally. J. Exp. Zool. 323A: 689–695, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relationship between velvet antler ossification and PTH and androgen serum levels in Tarim Red deer (Cervus elaphus)
Authors: Tao Dayong , Zhao Jinxiang , Deng Ganzhen , Jiao Jifeng
Published: September 2015

Ossification degree is one of the primary variables affecting the medicinal value of velvet antler. Multiple factors regulate the calcification of velvet antler. We studied the relationship between the ossification of velvet antlers and the serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and androgen (ADG) in Tarim red deer. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and atomic absorption spectrometry demonstrated that the changes in serum PTH and ADG levels nearly paralleled antler ossification during Tarim red deer antler mineralization. These results suggest that regulating the levels of serum PTH and ADG could decrease the calcification rate of velvet antlers in Tarim red deer. We conclude that PTH might increase antler ossification via the cAMP signaling pathway, and ADG possesses the dual roles of promoting both antler ossification and growth in Tarim red deer. This study suggests that we might be able to artificially control antler ossification to improve its medical value via the PTH or/and ADG pathway. J. Exp. Zool. 323A: 696–703, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differences in physiological traits associated with water balance among rodents, and their relationship to tolerance of habitat fragmentation
Authors: Castellar Alexandre , Bertoli Paula Custódio , Galdino Leonardo Henrique , Domeniconi Raquel Fantin , Cruz‐Neto Ariovaldo Pereira
Published: September 2015

Physiological concepts and tools can help us to understand why organisms and populations respond to habitat fragmentation in the way they do, and allow us to determine the mechanisms or individual characteristics underlying this differential sensitivity. Here, we examine food intake, relative medullary thickness and distribution/expression of water channel aquaporin‐1 in three species of South American rodents that have been reported to have different levels of tolerance to habitat fragmentation (Akodon montensis, Oligoryzomys nigripes, and Euryoryzomys russatus), using a classic water deprivation experiment to assess their abilities to cope with water shortage. We believe the mechanisms underlying this differential sensitivity are related to the organisms’ capacities to maintain water balance, and therefore the species more tolerant to habitat fragmentation (A. montensis and O. nigripes) should have a higher capacity to maintain water balance. We found that A. montensis and O. nigripes were more tolerant to water deprivation than E. russatus, and this difference appears to be unrelated to differences in food ingestion rate. O. nigripes showed the highest values for RMT, followed by A. montensis and E. russatus. However all species showed RMT values that were 2.2% to 14.1% below the lower prediction limit when compared to other rodents through allometric relationships. Water deprivation seems to trigger changes in the distribution of aquaporin‐1, mostly for O. nigripes and E. russatus, which may contribute to water balance maintenance. Our data suggest that these intrinsic physiological differences among these species could provide a mechanism for their differential tolerance of habitat fragmentation. J. Exp. Zool. 323A: 731–744, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Water‐Soluble Oligomers From Imidazole, Ethyleneglycol Diglycidyl Ether, and Methacrylic Acid. An Insight Into the Chemical Structure, Aggregation Behavior and Formation of Hollow Spheres
Authors: Lombardo Lupano Lucía V. , Lázaro‐Martínez Juan M. , Vizioli Nora M. , Torres Dimas I. , Campo Dall' Orto Viviana
Published: September 2015

The synthesis of non‐soluble polyampholytes was modified to obtain water‐soluble oligomers, by a sequential reaction at 60 °C of imidazole (IM), ethyleneglycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and methacrylic acid (MAA). The hydrogel Poly(EGDE‐IM) with disubstituted imidazole (IM+) residues, enhanced its solubility in water by functionalization with Poly(MAA). NMR and mass spectrometry evidenced ester groups, Poly(MAA) chains, Poly(EGDE), and IM+ links. Capillary electrophoresis evidenced populations with positive net charge at pH lower than 9, due to IM+ and protonatable residues (IMH+). Water‐soluble aggregates of oligomers were detected by size exclusion chromatography. The product aggregated with cations such as Fe(II) adsorbing anionic compounds, and formed hollow spheres when citric acid was present.
The new innovation of the lower medial thigh perforator flap for head and neck reconstruction
Authors: Scaglioni Mario F. , Kuo Pao‐Jen , Chen Yen‐Chou , Lin Pao‐Yuan , Kuo Yur‐Ren
Published: September 2015

Background

The choice of optimal flap is still a challenge for patients with resection of head and neck cancer and reconstruction, especially for recurrent cases. In this article, we report the results of the new innovation of free lower medial thigh perforator (LMTP) flap for head and neck reconstruction in a series of patients.

Patients and Methods

Fifteen patients received reconstruction with free LMTP flaps. The defect locations included the buccal area (3 cases), tongue (6 cases), lower/upper gum (5 cases), and soft palate (1 case). The perforators of flap design were detected at the distal third of the line, which was drawn from the midpoint of inguinal ligament to medial upper border of patella. The superficial temporal artery (7 cases), superior thyroid artery (6 cases), and facial artery (2 cases) were dissected as recipient vessels.

Results

The flap sizes varied from 12 × 5 cm2 to 20 × 8 cm2. One to two perforators based on the superficial femoral artery or descending genicular artery were found between the septum of satorius and vastus medialis, or piercing the vastus medialis during dissection. All of flaps were survived after surgery, except one failed due to venous thrombosis. Another one flap suffered from venous thrombosis and was successfully salvaged by performing a venous thrombectomy. All donor sites were primarily closed except one skin grafting. The follow‐up time ranged from 3 to 15 months (average: 7 months) and all patients had good recovery with satisfactory results.

Conclusion

The LMTP flap indicates a pliable with constant vascular anatomy and low donor‐site morbidity. It could be an alternative for reconstructing defects in head and neck region. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:284–290, 2016.
Global quantitative proteomic analysis of human glioma cells profiled host protein expression in response to enterovirus type 71 infection
Authors: Zhang Lei‐Ke , Lin Tao , Zhu Sheng‐Lin , Xianyu Ling‐Zhi , Lu Song‐Ya
Published: September 2015

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the leading causes of hand, foot and mouth disease with neurological complications in some cases. To study the pathogenesis of EV71 infection, large‐scale analyses of EV71 infected cells have been performed. However, most of these studies employed rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells or used transcriptomic strategy. Here, we performed SILAC‐based quantitative proteomic analysis of EV71‐infected U251 cells, a human glioma cell line. A total of 3125 host proteins were quantified, in which 451 were differentially regulated as a result of EV71 infection at 8 or 20 hpi or both. Gene Ontology analysis indicates the regulated proteins were enriched in “metabolic process”, “biological regulation” and “cellular process”, implying that these biological processes were affected by EV71 infection. Furthermore, functional study indicated that TRAF2 and TRAF6 among the up‐regulated proteins could inhibit the replication of EV71 at the early phase post infection, and the anti‐EV71 function of both proteins was independent of interferon β. Our study not only provided an overview of cellular response to EV71 infection in a human glioma cell line, but also found that TRAF2 and TRAF6 might be potential targets to inhibit the replication of EV71. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002454 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD002454).
Effect of alloying temperature on the capacitance–voltage and current–voltage characteristics of low‐pressure chemical vapor deposition SiNx/n‐GaN MIS structures
Authors: Ma Xiaohua , Liu Ying , Wang Xinhua , Huang Sen , Gao Zhu , Bao Qilong , Liu Xinyu
Published: September 2015

The low‐pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD)‐SiNx layer is deposited prior to the ohmic alloying as the passivation layer and gate dielectric layer in GaN device fabrication. The effect of alloying temperature on the LPCVD‐SiNx/GaN interface and LPCVD‐SiNx dielectric film is evaluated by the capacitance–voltage (C–V) and current–voltage (I–V) characteristics. The C–V analysis by frequency‐dependent method and Terman method shows that the higher density of interface states occurs at the higher alloying temperature, while I–V analysis indicates that the higher alloying temperature can lead to smaller current density with slightly deeper traps for Poole–Frenkel conduction. The hydrogen‐related bonds may be the cause and affects the interfacial properties of LPCVD‐SiNx/GaN as well as the electrical properties of LPCVD‐SiNx film.
Role of adenoviruses in obesity
Authors: Voss Jameson D. , Atkinson Richard L. , Dhurandhar Nikhil V.
Published: September 2015

Five human adenovirus subtypes, Ad5, Ad9, Ad31, Ad36, and Ad37, and a non‐human adenovirus, SMAM1, are linked to increased adiposity in vitro or in vivo. Experimental infection with Ad5, Ad36, and Ad37 produced excess adiposity or weight gain in animals. Ad9 and Ad31 increase fat storage in tissue culture but are not associated with animal or human obesity. Ad36 is the most extensively studied adipogenic adenovirus and is correlated with some measure of overweight/obesity in humans from multiple countries. The correlation is strongest and most consistent in children, but some studies have been negative in both children and adults. About 30% of overweight/obese children and adults and about 15–20% of lean individuals have Ad36 antibodies in epidemiologic studies. The mechanisms of action of Ad36 are due to the early gene 4, open reading frame 1 (E4‐ORF1). Blocking E4‐ORF1 with siRNA prevents the effects of Ad36, and transfection of lentivirus with E4‐ORF1 reproduces the Ad36 effects. Increased adiposity is caused by stimulation of at least three pathways by Ad36. Cell membrane glucose receptors are increased via the Ras pathway, leading to increased intracellular glucose. Fatty acid synthase is increased, which converts the glucose to fatty acids. Finally, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ is increased, resulting in differentiation of adult stem cells into adipocytes. Conclusions: several adenoviruses increase adiposity in animals and are associated with obesity in humans. There are critical gaps in the literature needing further investigation including evaluation of other adenovirus subtypes and better research designs to improve the strength of causal inferences. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of Reduction Condition on the Morphology of Newly Formed Metallic Iron During the Fluidized Bed Reduction of Fine Iron Ores and its Corresponding Agglomeration Behavior
Authors: Du Zhan , Zhu Qingshan , Fan Chuanlin , Pan Feng , Li Hongzhong , Xie Zhaohui
Published: September 2015

The fine iron ores from Chile are reduced in a laboratory fluidized bed at 973–1173 K with CO–H2–CO2 mixtures to investigate the influence of reduction condition on the morphology of newly formed metallic iron and its corresponding agglomeration behavior. The results reveal that the addition of H2 in CO accelerates the moving rate of the Fe/Fe1–xO interface and increases the amount of the iron nucleus formed during the initial reduction period, which induce the transformation of iron morphology from fibrous to dense. The presence of CO2 in CO makes the fibrous iron shorter and sparser, especially when the content of CO2 is 30% (by volume), the iron appears as “cactus‐like.” The increase of reduction temperature makes the fibrous iron stronger and more active. The sticking index indicates that the long and strong iron whiskers are prone to form stable agglomerates even at a low metallization degree, but the dense iron trends to behave separate. Furthermore, based on the precipitation mechanism of iron proposed by the authors, it is manifested that the agglomeration behavior of the fine iron ores could be controlled by pre‐reduction in H2‐rich reducing gas (H2/(H2 + CO) ≥ 30%, by volume).
Concise Review: Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Cells, A Promising Cell Source for Therapy of Heart Failure: Where Do We Stand?
Authors: Gouadon Elodie , Moore-Morris Thomas , Smit Nicoline W. , Chatenoud Lucienne , Coronel Ruben , Harding Sian E. , Jourdon Philippe , Lambert Virginie , Rucker-Martin Catherine , Pucéat Michel
Published: September 2015

Heart failure is still a major cause of hospitalization and mortality in developed countries. Many clinical trials have tested the use of multipotent stem cells as a cardiac regenerative medicine. The benefit for the patients of this therapeutic intervention has remained limited. Herein, we review the pluripotent stem cells as a cell source for cardiac regeneration. We more specifically address the various challenges of this cell therapy approach. We question the cell delivery systems, the immune tolerance of allogenic cells, the potential proarrhythmic effects, various drug mediated interventions to facilitate cell grafting and, finally, we describe the pathological conditions that may benefit from such an innovative approach. As members of a transatlantic consortium of excellence of basic science researchers and clinicians, we propose some guidelines to be applied to cell types and modes of delivery in order to translate pluripotent stem cell cardiac derivatives into safe and effective clinical trials.