bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
História da Vida no conteúdo textual de livros didáticos de Biologia do Ensino Médio
Authors: Lima Steve Allen Davi de , Oliveira Mário Cézar Amorim de , Lima Daniel Cassiano , D’Aquino Rosa Marcelo
Published: October 2020

Considerando a problemática que envolve o ensino de Evolução Biológica (EB) nas escolas brasileiras, e que a História da Vida (HV) pode ser considerada como um tópico de EB que trata dos processos macroevolutivos responsáveis pelo surgimento dos grandes grupos de seres vivos, o objetivo dessa investigação é verificar quais conhecimentos acerca da HV são veiculados nos textos presentes em livros didáticos de Biologia do Ensino Médio, aprovados na edição de 2018, do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD-2018). A partir da metodologia da análise de conteúdo, verificou-se que a maioria dos trechos selecionados aborda a HV na Terra a partir de intervalos de tempo, apresentando as principais mudanças físico-químicas e biológicas características de cada período. Foram identificados 23 eventos macroevolutivos distintos no material, com grande destaque para as extinções em massa, como também para a abordagem filogenética a partir de árvores da vida.
GRAVAÇÕES DE TELAS: CAPTURA DE TOQUES REALIZADOS POR ALUNOS EM DISPOSITIVOS MÓVEIS
Authors: Assis Alexandre Rodrigues de , Henrique Marcos Paulo , Bairral Marcelo Almeida
Published: October 2020

Este artigo ilustra como o vídeo gerado por meio da captura de toques em telas pode auxiliar em análises relacionadas à manipulações e raciocínios de discentes da educação básica na resolução de tarefas de geometria. Duas situações de ensino, recortes de pesquisas com características de Design Experiment realizadas com alunos da Educação Básica, são apresentadas como forma de elucidar a utilização dos aplicativos AZ Screen Recorder e Screen Recorder Pro na produção dos dados. A primeira, com o AZ Screen Recorder, destaca as ações e interações dos sujeitos no aprendizado de conceitos relacionados ao estudo de retas e ângulos com o uso do GeoGebra aplicativo em smartphones. O Screen Recorder Pro foi utilizado em tablets para identificar e analisar como alunos realizam toques em telas na resolução de tarefas utilizando as transformações isométricas no plano com o Construtor Geométrico. As telagravações permitiram (re)visitar toques dos estudantes a partir de gravações em duas fontes simultâneas (áudio e interações em tela) utilizando o mesmo aplicativo. As análises apontam que as telagravações viabilizaram identificar interações em telas, que contribuíram para rastrear processos de aprendizagem e para reformular o planejamento do cenário da investigação.
ADULT EDUCATION: BENEFITS, OBSTACLES, PRIORITIES
Authors:   KROK University, Liashenko Oleksandra
Published: October 2020

One of the challenges of the 21st century is changing the requirements for adult education.The system of adult education becomes especially relevant because the quality of human capital is on the agenda, development of personality, man as the center of development of society, which must constantly develop and improve. The aim of the article is to identify the advantages and prospects of adult education. Мethods of research: scientific analysis and synthesis, semantic analysis in combination with the use of Google Trends and Ahrefs search tools, comparative analysis, expert method. Adult education is a phenomenon characteristic of the highly developed countries of the world. The expediency of its development is a well-known fact, as the vast majority of countries in some sense owe their technological, socio-cultural, and economic progress to adult education. Adult education is an important civilized (non-violent, humanistic, and democratic) factor in the harmonization of relations. The fundamental role of adult education in increasing economic capacity and strengthening democratic values must be recognized at all levels. From here there is a need to identify the advantages, obstacles, and prospects of adult education in Ukraine.
THE EFFECT OF COMPANY SIZE AND PROFITABILITY ON TAX AVOIDANCE WITH LEVERAGE AS INTERVENING VARIABLES
Authors: Siti Sarpingah
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study is as follows: 1) Finding empirical evidence regarding the effect of company size on leverage; 2) Finding empirical evidence regarding the effect of propitability on leverage; 3) Finding empirical evidence regarding the effect of company size on tax avoidance; 4) Finding empirical evidence regarding the effect of profitability on tax avoidance; and 5) Finding empirical evidence regarding the effect of leverage on tax avoidance. The type of research used in this study is casual associative research. The population in this study are property, real estate, and building construction companies that are included in the Kompas 100 index which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2013-2018. Sample selection with purposive sampling method. The analytical method used to test hypotheses is the path analysis test and multiple test. The results showed that: 1) Firm size directly affects Leverage in a positive direction, 2) Profitability does not directly affect leverage in a negative direction; 3) Company size has a direct effect on Tax Avoidance in a negative direction; and 4) Profitability has no direct effect on Tax Avoidance in the negative direction, and 5) Leverage has a direct effect on Tax Avoidance in a positive direction.

KEYWORDS: COMPANY SIZE, PROFITABILITY, LEVERAGE, TAX AVOIDANCE
Spring triticale as a promising crop for the Far East
Authors: ЗЕНКИНА К.В. , АСЕЕВА Т.А.
Published: October 2020

Вопросы интродукции особенно актуальны в агроценозах Среднего Приамурья, так как расширение биологического разнообразия генофонда зерновых колосовых культур позволит наиболее эффективно использовать природные ресурсы региона и обеспечить продовольственную безопасность населения. Одним из путей увеличения производства высококачественного продовольственного и кормового зерна является использование потенциала зерновой культуры – ярового тритикале. Благодаря специфическому геному, включающему компоненты пшеницы и ржи, тритикале обладает высокими потенциальными возможностями повышения продуктивности и является перспективным в условиях дефицита средств интенсификации сельскохозяйственного производства. В статье приведены результаты исследований по яровому тритикале за 2015–2019 гг. На опытных полях Дальневосточного НИИСХ проведено комплексное экологическое изучение коллекционных сортообразцов ярового тритикале. Выделены эффективные источники и доноры по важнейшим хозяйственно ценным признакам, отмечены особенности формирования урожайности ярового тритикале в зависимости от гидротермического режима вегетации, установлена реакция сортообразцов на изменение условий окружающей среды. Создан новый гибридный и селекционный материал ярового тритикале с комплексом хозяйственно ценных признаков и адаптивных свойств для почвенно-климатических условий Дальнего Востока. Показана перспективность использования этого уникального растения в сельском хозяйстве и различных областях промышленности.

Introduction issues are especially relevant for the agrocenoses of the Middle Amur Region, because the expansion of the biological diversity of the cereal crops gene pool allows the most efficient use of the region’s natural resources, and ensure food safety for the population. One way to increase the production of high-quality food and fodder grain is to use the potential of spring triticale. Due to the specific genome, which includes wheat and rye components, triticale has a high potential in increasing productivity, and is promising in the face of the lack of agricultural production intensification means. The article presents the results of studies on spring triticale for 2015–2019. A comprehensive ecological study of the spring triticale cultivar collection was conducted on the experimental fields of the Far Eastern Agricultural Research Institute. Effective sources and donors of the most important economically valuable traits were identified, the dependence of the formation of spring triticale yield from the hydrothermal regime of the growing season was established, and the reaction of cultivar samples to the changing environmental conditions was determined. A new hybrid and a breeding material of spring triticale with a complex of economically valuable traits and adaptive properties to the soil and climatic conditions of the Far East was created. The prospects of using this unique crop in agriculture and various industries were shown.
Influence of hydrothermic factors on phenotypic composition of cucumber variety population Naslednik
Authors: КУЗЬМИЦКАЯ Г.А. , ШЕСТОПАЛОВА Г.Е.
Published: October 2020

В 2016–2018 гг. по основным апробационным признакам семенного плода (семенника) нами была изучена новая сортопопуляция огурца Наследник, определены основные и сопутствующие биотипы, ее составляющие, оценено влияние конкретных гидротермических факторов на ее фенотипический состав. Установлено, что данная сортопопуляция оказалась неоднородной, состоящей из биотипов, различающихся по форме и длине биологически спелых плодов. Встречались 4 формы плодов: яйцевидная – основной биотип, составлявший в разные годы 55,3–71,3 % всей сортопопуляции, цилиндрическая, удлиненно-яйцевидная и удлиненно-цилиндрическая – сопутствующие биотипы, 28,5, 1,6 и 5,7 % соответственно. По длине семенные плоды варьировали в пределах 10–22 см, они разделены на 7 биотипов: 10–12 см, 13–14, 15–16, 17–18, 19–20, 21–22 и >22 см. Длина плода оказалась менее стабильным признаком, чем форма плода, и напрямую зависела от суммы активных температур и количества выпавших за вегетационный период осадков.

The study of a new variety population of cucumber Naslednik by the main testing attributes of the seed fruit, the determination of the main and associated biotypes of its components, as well as the influence of specific environmental and climatic factors on its phenotypic composition of this variety population was the purpose of our research for 2016–2018. It was found that this variety population was heterogeneous and consisted of biotypes that differ in length and shape of biologically ripe fruits. The conducted research allowed identifying 4 forms (biotypes) of seed fruits: ovoid – the main biotype, which constituted in various years 55.3–71.3 % of the total population, cylindrical, elongated–ovoid and elongated–cylindrical – related biotypes, which on average accounted for 28.5; 1.6 and 5.7 % respectively. The length of the seed fruits varied within 10–22 cm. The 7 biotypes were revealed on this basis: 10–12 cm, 13–14, 15–16, 17–18, 19–20, 21–22 and > 22 cm. The length of the fruit was less stable than the shape of the fruit, and was directly dependent on the sum of active temperatures and number of fallen precipitation during the growing period.
Genetic characteristics of Holstein cattle by DNA microsatellites
Authors: ШУКЮРОВА Е.Б. , ЛУКАШИНА А.А. , БУЗЬКО А.Н.
Published: October 2020

Представлена генетическая характеристика 300 голов крупного рогатого скота голштинской породы, завезенных с Северного Зауралья в Хабаровский край, по 15 микросателлитным локусам ДНК. Установлено, что в исследуемой группе животных число аллелей на локус составляет 8,8, при этом эффективных аллелей – 4,5. Выявлено всего 132 аллеля, из них часто встречались четыре – 102 (локус CSRM 60), 117 (локус ETH 3), 117 (локус TGLA 126), 258 (локус SPS 115). Частота их встречаемости от 0,538 до 0,587. Наибольшим уровнем генетического разнообразия характеризовался локус TGLA 122, в нем установлено максимальное число аллелей – 20. Средний уровень наблюдаемой и ожидаемой гетерозиготности по всем изученным локусам составлял 0,700. Высокий уровень гетерозиготности свидетельствует о генетическом разнообразии соответствующих локусов генома животных.

The results of genetic characteristic of 300 heads of Holstein cattle, brought from the Northern Trans-Urals at Khabarovsk region by 15 microsatellite loci of DNA are presented in this article. It was determined that in he group of animals being understudy the number of alleles on one locus was 8.8 while effective alleles – 4.5. In general 132 alleles were revealed, four of them met often: 102 (locus CSRM 60), 117 (locus ETH 3), 117 (locus TGLA 126), 258 (locus SPS 115) with frequency from 0.538 to 0.587. The greatest level of genetic variety was characterised by locus TGLA 122, it had a maximum number of alleles – 20. The middle level of the observed and expected heterozygosity for all the studied loci was 0.700. The high level of heterozygosity testifies to the genetic variety of corresponding animal genome loci.
Characteristic collection of soybeans as a basis for creating new generation varieties
Authors: ФОКИНА Е.М. , БЕЛЯЕВА Г.Н. , РАЗАНЦВЕЙ Д.Р.
Published: October 2020

Представлены результаты многолетней работы по изучению сформированного в природно-климатических условиях Амурской области специфического генофонда растений сои, адаптированных к местным условиям произрастания. Назначение коллекции – сохранение, пополнение и выделение источников отдельных или комплекса хозяйственно ценных признаков по разным направлениям селекции для использования в гибридизации. С участием образцов признаковой коллекции за 2009–2019 гг. создано 28 сортов сои, 18 из которых включены в Госреестр селекционных достижений для использования в производстве.

The article presents the results of a long-term work on study the specific gene pool of soybean plants, formed in the climatic conditions of the Amur Region and adapted to the local growing conditions. The purpose of the collection is to preserve, replenish and distinguish sources, which have separate or complex of economically valuable traits in different areas of selection for its applying in hybridization. 28 soybean varieties were created using samples of the feature collection of 2009–2019, 18 of them are included in the State Register of breeding achievements for use in production.
Evaluation of fatty acid composition of forage grasses of winter-grazing pastures in Central and Northeast Yakutia
Authors: ПАК М.Н. , ИВАНОВ Р.В. , ХОМПОДОЕВА У.В.
Published: October 2020

Представлены результаты исследования питательных веществ и жирнокислотного состава сеяных и естественных травостоев, хвощовых и безхвощовых (разнотравных) пастбищ Якутии. Установлено, что в составе липидов овса посевного доминируют ненасыщенные жирные кислоты (56,59 %), у отавы естественного травостоя этот показатель почти 2 раза меньше (31,15 %). Хвощ пестрый также содержит значительное количество полиненасыщенных жирных кислот, особенно линолевой и арахидоновой. Хвощовое пастбище превосходит разнотравное по содержанию в растительности протеина, жира, золы и БЭВ, за исключением клетчатки. Полученные нами результаты свидетельствуют о необходимости широкого использования посевов овса и хвощовых пастбищ для нажировки табунных лошадей якутской породы.

The article presents the results of the study of nutrients and fatty acid composition of seeded and natural grasslands, horsetail and horsetail-free pastures in Yakutia. It was found that unsaturated fatty acids dominate in the composition of oat lipids, the total content of which was 56.59 %, while the natural grass stand oats have almost 2 times less (31.15 %). Variegated horsetail contains a significant amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic and arachidonic. Horsetail pasture is superior to mixed grass pasture in terms of protein, fat, ash and nitrogen-free extractive fraction, except fiber. The results that we obtained indicate the need for widespread use of oat crops and horsetail pastures in breeding herd horses of the Yakut breed.
Effect of the duration of feeding iodine-containing preparation to pregnant cows on the immunobiochemical status of newborn calves
Authors: КРУЧИНКИНА Т.В.
Published: October 2020

Амурская область принадлежит к биогеохимической провинции с низким содержанием йода. Введение глубокостельным коровам йодсодержащего препарата «Вангцейод» в профилактической дозе в течение 60 дней сопровождалось изменениями в клеточной системе иммунитета полученных от них телят, а именно: оказало стимулирующее влияние на фагоцитарную активность нейтрофилов, их агрессивность и поглотительную способность. У телят опытной группы показатели гуморального звена защиты были выше, чем в контроле, что подтверждалось более высоким содержанием иммуноглобулинов (на 13 %), циркулирующих иммунных комплексов (на 60,7 %), титра нормальных антител (на 68,4 %) и повышением активности лизоцима на 22,6 %.
Применение йодсодержащего препарата в зоне йодной недостаточности нормализует обменные процессы и усиливает иммунобиохимическую защиту организма животных, что позволяет повысить продуктивность коров и сохранность новорожденных телят.

The Amur Region belongs to a biogeochemical province with low iodine content. The introduction of the iodine-containing drug “Vangzeyod” to pregnant cows in a preventive dose for 60 days was accompanied by changes in the cellular system of immunity of calves received from them, namely: had a stimulating effect on the phagocytic activity of neutrophils, their aggressiveness and absorption capacity. In the experimental group of calves, the indicators of humoral protection were higher than in the control group, that was confirmed by a higher content of immunoglobulins (by 13 %), circulating immune complexes (by 60.7 %), the titer of normal antibodies (by 68.4 %), and an increased activity of lysozyme by 22.6 %.
The use of an iodine-containing drug in the zone of iodine deficiency normalizes metabolic processes and strengthens the immunobiochemical protection of the animal body, which allows increasing the productivity of cows and the safety of newborn calves.
miRNA zaangażowane w proces starzenia i kiełkowania nasion
Authors: Puchta Marta
Published: October 2020

Starzenie nasion jest procesem prowadzącym do nieodwracalnych zmian powodujących utratę ich wartości siewnej w czasie. W proces ten zaangażowanych jest wiele wzajemnie powiązanych zmian molekularnych, biochemicznych, fizjologicznych oraz metabolicznych. W związku z degradacją środowiska naturalnego wymagana jest intensywna ochrona gatunkowa roślin. Zachowanie zdolności do kiełkowania nasion odgrywa kluczową rolę w ochronie bioróżnorodności gatunkowej. Przeprowadzone dotychczas badania wskazują na udział miRNA w dynamicznym procesie kiełkowania nasion. Jednak niewiele wiadomo na temat zagadnień dotyczących regulacji miRNA i ich genów docelowych, które są potencjalnie ważnymi czynnikami przyczyniającymi się do starzenia nasion podczas długotrwałego przechowywania.Praca obejmuje przegląd wybranej literatury dotyczącej badania roli miRNA w regulacji procesów zaangażowanych w starzenie i kiełkowanie nasion.
Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto ligoninės Kauno klinikų Donorinio motinos pieno banko darbo rezultatai 2017–2019 m.
Authors: Pancekauskienė Gabija , Tamelienė Rasa , Ivanauskienė Vilma , Stonkienė Dalia , Vazgienė Irma , Sudikienė Sigita , Skorobogatova Natalija , Jakaitytė-Stočkuvienė Vaida
Published: October 2020

Donorinismotinos pienas turėtų būti pirmojo pasirinkimo alternatyva sergantiems arba neišnešiotiems naujagimiams, kai maitinimas motinos pienu negalimas.Maitinimas motinos pienu gali padėti sumažinti sunkių arba mirtinų ligų (sepsis, nekrozinis enterokolitas (NEK), lėtinė plaučių liga, neišnešiotų naujagimių retinopatija) dažnį. Dėl šių priežasčių donorinio motinos pieno bankai kuriasi visame pasaulyje. Pirmasis Lietuvos donorinio motinos pieno bankas (DMPB) įsikūrė Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universitetinėje ligoninėje Kauno klinikose (toliau – Kauno klinikos). Nuo DMPB įkūrimo vėlyvais 2016 m. iki 2019 m. pabaigos buvo surinktas 1901 litras donorinio pieno ir juomaitinti 1548 naujagimiai. Pradėjus naujagimius maitinti donoriniumotinos pienu, stebimos NEK dažnio ir sunkių ligos stadijų mažėjimo tendencijos.
Metodika: pakartotiniai persileidimai
Authors: Guzovijūtė Silvija
Published: October 2020

R. BAUŠYTĖ, R. EINIKYTĖ, J. KLIMAŠENKO, G. STUPELYTĖ, I. ŠIAUDINYTĖ, D. ŽILOVIČ

RECENZENTAI: V. ABRAITIS, D. LAUŽIKIENĖ, M. MINKAUSKIENĖ, D. RAMAŠAUSKAITĖMETODIKAI PRITARĖ LIETUVOS AKUŠERIŲ GINEKOLOGŲ DRAUGIJA
Comparative ligand structural analytics illustrated on variably glycosylated MUC1 antigen–antibody binding
Authors: Barnett Christopher B , Senapathi Tharindu , Naidoo Kevin J
Published: October 2020

When faced with the investigation of the preferential binding of a series of ligands against a known target, the solution is not always evident from single structure analysis. An ensemble of structures generated from computer simulations is valuable; however, visual analysis of the extensive structural data can be overwhelming. Rapid analysis of trajectory data, with tools available in the Galaxy platform, can be used to understand key features and compare differences that inform the preferential ligand structure that favors binding. We illustrate this informatics approach by investigating the in-silico binding of a peptide and glycopeptide epitope of the glycoprotein Mucin 1 (MUC1) binding with the antibody AR20.5. To study the binding, we performed molecular dynamics simulations using OpenMM and then used the Galaxy platform for data analysis. The same analysis tools are applied to each of the simulation trajectories and this process was streamlined by using Galaxy workflows. The conformations of the antigens were analyzed using root-mean-square deviation, end-to-end distance, Ramachandran plots, and hydrogen bonding analysis. Additionally, RMSF and clustering analysis were carried out. These analyses were used to rapidly assess key features of the system, interrogate the dynamic structure of the ligand, and determine the role of glycosylation on the conformational equilibrium. The glycopeptide conformations in solution change relative to the peptide; thus a partially pre-structuring is seen prior to binding. Although the bound conformation of peptide and glycopeptide is similar, the glycopeptide fluctuates less and resides in specific conformers for more extended periods. This structural analysis which gives a high-level view of the features in the system under observation, could be readily applied to other binding problems as part of a general strategy in drug design or mechanistic analysis.
Gastropatía hiperplásica de tipo foveolar con Coinfección por Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Coronado Ana Karina , McCalla Ricardo , Chanis Ricardo A , Espino Moisés
Published: October 2020

La Gastropatía hiperplásica de tipo foveolar o Enfermedad de Ménétrier es una gastropatía hipertrófica premaligna rara. Se caracteriza por un engrosamiento de los pliegues gástricos, secundario a una hiperplasia de las células mucosas foveolares frecuentemente asociada con pérdida de proteínas entéricas e hipoalbuminemia y síntomas tracto gastrointestinal superior como dolor epigástrico, malestar, náuseas y vómitos. Se ha relacionado con infecciones en la mayoría de los casos publicados, Citomegalovirus (CMV) y Helicobacter pylori (Hp).Se presenta el caso de adolescente con antecedente de epilepsia refractaria, quien ingresa por status convulsivo y durante hospitalización presenta sangrado digestivo alto con compromiso hemodinámico. Diagnosticándose enfermedad de Ménétrier por hallazgos endoscópicos y biopsia. Realizamos revisión de la literatura .
Abstract Ménétrier's disease is a rare premalignant hypertrophic gastropathy. It is characterized by a thickening of the gastric folds, secondary to a hyperplasia of the foveolar mucosal cells, frequently associated with loss of enteric proteins and hypoalbuminemia and upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms such as epigastric pain, malaise, nausea and vomiting. It has been associated with infections in most of the published cases, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Helicobacter pylori (Hp).We present the case of a teenager with a history of refractory epilepsy, who is admitted due to convulsive status and during hospitalization he presents with high digestive bleeding with hemodynamic compromise. Diagnosing Ménétrier's disease by endoscopic findings and biopsy. We review the literature.
ACCURACY OF NONPARAMETRIC DENSITY ESTIMATION FOR UNIVARIATE GAUSSIAN MIXTURE MODELS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Arnastauskaitė Jurgita , Ruzgas Tomas
Published: October 2020

Flexible and reliable probability density estimation is fundamental in unsupervised learning and classification. Finite Gaussian
mixture models are commonly used for this purpose. However, the parametric form of the distribution is not always known. In this case, non-parametric
density estimation methods are used. Usually, these methods become computationally demanding as the number of components increases. In this paper,
a comparative study of accuracy of some nonparametric density estimators is made by means of simulation. The following approaches have been considered:
an adaptive bandwidth kernel estimator, a projection pursuit estimator, a logspline estimator, and a k-nearest neighbor estimator. It was concluded that
data clustering as a pre-processing step improves the estimation of mixture densities. However, in case data does not have clearly defined clusters,
the pre-preprocessing step does not give that much of advantage. The application of density estimators is illustrated using municipal solid waste data
collected in Kaunas (Lithuania). The data distribution is similar (i.e., with kurtotic unimodal density) to the benchmark distribution introduced by
Marron and Wand. Based on the homogeneity tests it can be concluded that distributions of the municipal solid waste fractions in Kutaisi (Georgia),
Saint-Petersburg (Russia), and Boryspil (Ukraine) are statistically indifferent compared to the distribution of waste fractions in Kaunas. The distribution
of waste data collected in Kaunas (Lithuania) follows the general observations introduced by Marron and Wand (i.e., has one mode and certain kurtosis).
Localization of Compact Binary Sources with Second-generation Gravitational-wave Interferometer Networks
Authors: Pankow Chris , Rizzo Monica , Rao Kaushik , L Berry Christopher P , Kalogera Vassiliki
Published: October 2020

GW170817 began gravitational-wave multimessenger astronomy. However, GW170817 will not be representative of detections in the coming years because typical gravitational-wave sources will be closer the detection horizon, have larger localization regions, and (when present) will have correspondingly weaker electromagnetic emission. In its design state, the gravitational-wave detector network in the mid-2020s will consist of up to five similar-sensitivity second-generation interferometers. The instantaneous sky-coverage by the full network is nearly isotropic, in contrast to the configuration during the first three observing runs. Along with the coverage of the sky, there are also commensurate increases in the average horizon for a given binary mass. We present a realistic set of localizations for binary neutron stars and neutron star–black hole binaries, incorporating intra-network duty cycles and selection effects on the astrophysical distributions. Based on the assumption of an 80% duty cycle, and that two instruments observe a signal above the detection threshold, we anticipate a median of 28 sq. deg. for binary neutron stars, and 50–120 sq. deg. for neutron star–black hole (depending on the population assumed). These distributions have a wide spread, and the best localizations, even for networks with fewer instruments, will have localizations of 1–10 sq. deg. range. The full five instrument network reduces localization regions to a few tens of degrees at worst.
Exclusion of Cosmic Rays from Molecular Clouds by Self-generated Electric Fields
Authors: Silsbee Kedron , Ivlev Alexei V.
Published: October 2020

It was recently discovered that in some regions of the Galaxy, the cosmic-ray (CR) abundance is several orders of magnitude higher than previously thought. Additionally, there is evidence that in molecular cloud envelopes, the CR ionization may be dominated by electrons. We show that for regions with high, electron-dominated ionization, the penetration of CR electrons into molecular clouds is modulated by the electric field that develops as a result of the charge they deposit. We evaluate the significance of this novel mechanism of self-modulation and show that the CR penetration can be reduced by a factor of a few to a few hundred in high-ionization environments, such as those found near the Galactic center.
Detector Count Rate Nonlinearity Determination Using Signal Intermodulation
Authors: Stubbs Christopher W.
Published: October 2020

Detectors that use HgCdTe exhibit Count Rate Non-Linearity (CRNL), where the integrated photon-generated charge in a pixel has an undesirable variation with photon arrival rate, at fixed delivered photon dose. Correcting for this is essential to meet the science goals of the Roman Space Telescope. The CRNL effect is distinct from signal-level-dependent (but photon-rate-independent) nonlinearity. We describe a potential method for measuring CRNL, by illuminating the sensor with two modulated light sources running at different frequencies, f
1 and f
2. The CRNL-modified generation of photocharge in the material produces a variation in the accumulated charge versus time with Fourier components at the beat frequencies (f
1 − f
2) and (f
1 + f
2). Successive non-destructive read-up-the-ramp measurements could perhaps be used to quantify CRNL, and distinguish it from nonlinearities in the downstream electronics. A pair of LEDs driven with square waves at different frequencies are appropriate sources.
Effects of deoxynivalenol and fumonisins fed in combination on beef cattle: health and performance indices
Authors: Duringer J.M. , Roberts H.L. , Doupovec B. , Faas J. , Estill C.T. , Jiang D. , Schatzmayr D.
Published: October 2020

Interactions between livestock management practices and toxicological outcomes of mycotoxin exposure may explain the range of tolerable toxin levels reported for various species. In the current study, we investigated the effect of concurrent mycotoxin exposure with a high starch diet in 12 beef steers in a partial cross-over experiment using a 21-day treatment period, followed by a 14-day clearance. During the treatment period, animals were assigned to one of two diets: a low mycotoxin control total mixed ration (TMR) (0.2±0.1 mg deoxynivalenol (DON) and 0.2±0.2 mg fumonisins (FUM)/kg TMR) and a high mycotoxin TMR treatment (1.7±0.2 mg DON and 3.5±0.3 mg FUM/kg TMR). We evaluated the impacts of these mycotoxins on performance, physiology and biochemistry; and the ability of the clearance period to return animals to a naïve state in the cross-over model. The lack of acute ruminal acidosis observed indicates that the animals were able to withstand the physiological stresses of the high starch diet, while toxicological outcomes were manifested in minor perturbations of biochemistry and outright performance of exposed animals. Aspartate aminotransferase, cholesterol, fibrinogen and leukocyte count were increased while sorbitol dehydrogenase, bile acids and mean corpuscular volume were decreased in treatment-fed steers, yet were not significantly different than those from control-fed animals.Fusarium toxin exposure significantly decreased ruminal fluid pH, with the clearance period returning animals to a naïve state, as it did for most of the molecular variables measured. Conversely, treatment-fed animals continued to exhibit significantly lower average weekly body weight throughout the treatment period and the first week of the clearance period. While the risk of adverse health effects to fattening cattle from similar doses of DON or FUM as used in the current study is considered low, additional work should be directed towards minimising production losses due to these feed contaminants.
Occurrence and transfer of mycotoxins from ingredients to fish feed and fish meat of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Serbia
Authors: Rokvić N. , Aksentijević K. , Kureljušić J. , Vasiljević M. , Todorović N. , Zdravković N. , Stojanac N.
Published: October 2020

As fish has been known for its high protein content and other health benefits, aquaculture production has started to flourish in Serbia. Common carp is the predominant species being farmed, comprising more than 80% of the total fish production in Serbia. The primary ingredients in fish feed are plant-based products, which present a risk of mycotoxin contamination, posing a potential risk to consumers. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the mycotoxin status of carp aquaculture in Serbia. At the beginning of the feeding season, May to June 2019, 27 samples of feed ingredients, 8 of finished feed and 14 of edible fish meat were analysed. The fish feed and feed ingredients were sampled from local producers, while the fish were sampled from fish farms that were reported to use the sampled feed. The feed ingredients were locally produced maize and maize products, sunflower meal, soybean and soybean products, wheat, bone meal, yeast and distillers dried grains with solubles, which were ground together, mixed and pelleted in different sizes. All samples were tested for the presence of aflatoxins (aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), B2, G1 and G2), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins (fumonisin B1 and B2), HT-2 and T-2 toxins. The most prevalent mycotoxins were OTA (91.4%), fumonisin B1+B2 (68.6%) and AFB1 (48.6%). Only one sample of the plant-based ingredients was below limit of quantification (LOQ), and more than 85% of the samples had more than one mycotoxin detected, ranging from 0.43 μg/kg of AFB1 to 3,168.5 μg/kg of fumonisin B1+B2. However, all the samples of edible fish meat were under the LOQ. We suggest that further research should be conducted on the effects of co-occurring mycotoxins; we also recommend stricter regulations on fish feed to reduce the impacts of mycotoxins on fish health and productivity.
Importance of recreational shore angling in the archipelago of Madeira, Portugal (northeast Atlantic)
Authors: Martínez-Escauriaza Roi , Hermida Margarida , Villasante Sebastián , Gouveia Lídia , Gouveia Nuno , Pita Pablo
Published: October 2020

In 2017, a total of 4825 licences were issued for shore angling in Madeira. Surveys were conducted on 734 anglers, some in the government fisheries office during the licence request and others during the fishing activity. Shore angling is practised throughout the year, mostly at weekends and during day time, and with an increase in summer. More than 60% of the anglers are unemployed, have low incomes, and spend on average €254 per person per year on this activity, adding up to a total of €1.16 million per year. Shore angling average number of fishing days per year per fisher was 65.1±62.0 and the average catch per unit of effort was 0.35±0.26 kg/angler/hour. The estimated total annual catch was 520.7 t. Forty-three teleost species, 2 elasmobranchs and 6 invertebrates were identified in the catches. Despite the limitations and inaccuracies inherent to the surveys, they still provided valuable information and gave a general perception of the recreational shore fisheries in Madeira. The possible impact on the most captured species, such as the white seabream, Diplodus sargus (Linnaeus, 1758), and the parrotfish Sparisoma cretense (Linnaeus, 1758), should be analysed because high fishing pressure could affect populations and ecosystems.
Public Sender Score System (S3) by ESPs for Email Spam Mitigation with Score Management in Mobile Application
Authors: Kannan Lucky , R Jebakumar
Published: October 2020

Many businesses use email as a medium for advertising and they use emails to communicate with their customers. In the email world, the most common issue that remains unresolved even now is spamming or in other terms unsolicited bulk email. Currently, there is no common way to regulate the practices of an email sender. This proposed system is to formulate a protocol common for all the ESPs or inbox providers and a centralized system that will easily find the spammers and block them. By this method, the Email Service Providers (ESPs) or Inbox Providers need not wait for the sender behaviour and then take actions on the sender or sender domain or sender IP address. Instead, they can get the sender history of reputation from blockchain where the ESPs or Inbox Provider provides a score based on the emails they have received from the sender. The ESPs can get the Public Sender Score(S3) from the mobile application or web application which provides the score management user interface and APIs. The email marketers can also monitor their score through the application.
MROM Scheme to Improve Handoff Performance in Mobile Networks
Authors: Mousa Ahmed Ayoob , Abdalla Aisha Hassan , Mohd Ramli Huda Adibah
Published: October 2020

Mobile Router (MR) mobility supported by Network Mobility Basic Support Protocol (NEMO BS) is a Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) extension that supports Host Mobility. Proposed Multihoming and Route Optimization for MANEMO (MROM) scheme is designed to provide Route Optimization (RO) and Multihomed in NEMO architectures. This paper proposes two novel schemes; MANEMO routing scheme and Multihoming-based scheme. These are to provide support for next generation networks. The proposed MROM scheme differs from other schemes for NEMO environment because it considers the requirements of more application flows parameters as packet lost delivery, handoff delay as well as throughput). Another difference is that not only the network infrastructure can begin the functionality of flow routing, but also an Edge Mobile Router (EMR) can do this flow for routing. Moreover, it utilizes the state of the art and presently active access network to perform the separation of each flow in mobile network. Thus, proposed MROM exhibits multihoming features and improves handoff performance by initiating flow-based fast registration process in NEMO environment. A handoff method is proposed with enhanced functionalities of the Local Mobility Anchors (LMA), Mobile Routers (MRs) and signaling messages with a view to achieve continuous connectivity through handoff in NEMO. Both analytical and simulation approaches are used. Analytical evaluation is carried out to analyze packet delivery lost and handoff delay of our proposed scheme. It was also shown that cost of signaling messages and packet delivery are contributing to total handoff cost. At the simulation part, network simulator 3 (NS 3) has been used as the tool to get performance metrics that have been considered like packet delivery ratio, handoff delay, and packet loss. Our proposed scheme (MROM) has been benchmarking to the standard NEMO BS Protocol and P-NEMO. In this paper, we discuss proposed MROM for next generation networks, providing detailed analysis with a numerical model, proposed MROM, by maximizing the handoff performance, has been justified to have better mobility support than the ordinary NEMO BS Protocol and PNEMO.
Corporatisme et anticommunisme dans les médias franquistes
Authors: Jurado Javier
Published: October 2020

Héritière de l’idéologie fasciste sur laquelle se fondait la propagande de guerre pendant les années du conflit, la dictature considérait le communisme comme son ennemi le plus dangereux et elle a fait des ouvriers – plus ou moins politisés – des éléments suspects de la société. Analyser le cinéma promu par ce régime nous permettra d’identifier le message politique dont la propagande et les médias franquistes se font le relai, et de comprendre comment il a été utilisé pour neutraliser ces périls supposés. Cela nous permettra, en outre, d’expliquer les origines de l’aversion anticommuniste au sein d’une frange de la hiérarchie militaire dès 1917, ainsi que la prévisible militarisation de la société brandie comme solution face à cette prétendue menace.
L’enseignement scientifique, entre émancipation et asservissement ?
Authors: Orange-Ravachol Denise
Published: October 2020

Maintenant que les textes institutionnels sur l’enseignement des sciences se préoccupent fortement de l’apprentissage des élèves à partir des problèmes et qu’ils valorisent leurs investigations, il paraît particulièrement intéressant d’étudier ce qui se joue dans les moments de débat où les idées explicatives des élèves s’expriment et se confrontent et les moments qui leur font suite, où l’enseignant cherche à conduire la classe vers une explication raisonnée scientifiquement acceptable au niveau d’enseignement considéré. C’est ce que nous faisons dans notre article, en nous appuyant sur deux séquences forcées (les mouvements corporels, le volcanisme) et en étudiant comment les écoliers du cours moyen (9-11 ans) passent du débat sur leurs idées explicatives au travail sur les argumentations portant sur ces idées. Nous questionnons ce que cette charnière de la démarche permet d’émancipation de la pensée et d’acculturation scientifique des élèves. Nous montrons que, pour ces problèmes qui « parlent » à tous les élèves, les moments de débat peuvent permettre à chacun d’entre eux de s’ouvrir à d’autres possibles explicatifs, donc de se détacher de leur propre production tout en la faisant entrer dans un creuset commun (acculturation/émancipation). Mais ce mouvement d’émanci-pation n’a rien d’immédiat parce que des élèves peuvent se cantonner dans leurs préjugés. Le recours à des artifices didactiques comme les caricatures des différents modèles explicatifs de la classe ou le classement d’argumentation apparaissent comme des facilitateurs tant d’émancipation que d’acculturation.
Sorties scolaires dans les musées de sciences : étudier l’émancipation par l’analyse du sujet didactique
Authors: Cohen-Azria Cora
Published: October 2020

Ce texte contribue à la réflexion autour de la question des fonctions émancipatrices et de ses conditions dans le cadre des visites scolaires au musée. À partir d’un ancrage didactique, l’investigation de ces situations nous a conduit à les étudier au prisme de la notion de sujet. Il s’agit d’analyser à la fois le sujet didactique dans le cadre de situations singulières que sont les visites scolaires dans les musées de sciences, le sujet institutionnel selon l’institution de référence dans cette collaboration ou partenariat, mais également de s’interroger sur le sujet concepteur de discours (scientifique, muséologique ou encore scientifique scolaire). Si l’émancipation concerne d’abord l’individu par rapport au groupe, la visite scolaire au musée se construit le plus souvent sur l’expérience collective. Ces dimensions nous amènent à interroger la (dé)personnalisation des discours produits par les scientifiques, par les muséologues et par les élèves-visiteurs.
Social Media Influencers' Effect on Chinese Gen Z Consumers
Authors: Marjerison Rob Kim , Gan Songcheng
Published: October 2020

The objective of this paper is to explore the relationships between different types of Chinese social media influences and their use of short videos, and how that content is managed influence Chinese Generation Z consumers. Effective use of social media is a way for SMEs and new ventures to level the playing field and compete with established enterprises; it is cost effective and can target a very specific consumer demographic. Data was collected by online surveys of Gen Z Chinese self-described heavy social media users. The results of this study may be of particular interest to entrepreneurs who tend to be early adopters and who can most benefit from strategic use of social media advertising to locate and reach their target customers more efficiently and more effectively.
Social Media Marketing in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Ramkissoon-Babwah Natasha , Racha Shevaughn Darion
Published: October 2020

The objective of this research was to examine the utilization of social media by SMEs as a marketing tool in Trinidad and Tobago. A review of the literature in the field was undertaken on themes such as social media marketing, the value of social media for SMEs, and the challenges to implementing social media campaigns. The empirical process consisted of 35 qualitative semi-structured interviews with SMEs throughout Trinidad and Tobago to examine the experiences and impact of their social media strategies. The participants had businesses in sectors such as food and beverage, clothing, health and wellness, and sporting goods. The study concluded by giving recommendations such as developing a formal system to manage social media performance, conducting a due diligence before social media channel selection, embarking on and developing a strategic marketing plan for SMEs when the decision has been made to incorporate the tools of social media as a significant marketing channel.
Chip-Last (RDL-First) Fan-Out Panel-Level Packaging (FOPLP) for Heterogeneous Integration
Authors: Lau John H. , Ko Cheng-Ta , Peng Chia-Yu , Yang Kai-Ming , Xia Tim , Lin Puru Bruce , Chen Jean-Jou , Huang Po-Chun , Tseng Tzvy-Jang , Lin Eagle , Chang Leo , Lin Curry , Lu Winnie
Published: October 2020

In this investigation, the chip-last, redistribution-layer (RDL)–first, fan-out panel-level packaging (FOPLP) for heterogeneous integration is studied. Emphasis is placed on the materials, process, fabrication, and reliability of a heterogeneous integration of one large chip (10 × 10 mm2) and two small chips (7 × 5 mm2) by an FOPLP method on a 20 × 20-mm2 RDL-first substrate fabricated on a 515 × 510 mm2 temporary glass panel. Reliability test such as the drop test of the heterogeneous integration package on a printed circuit board (PCB) is performed, and test results including failure analysis are presented. Some recommendations are also provided.
Approved and emerging smoking cessation treatments for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A narrative review
Authors: Caponnetto Pasquale , Polosa Riccardo
Published: October 2020

This review focuses on smoking cessation treatments for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. It concludes with comments on the significance of the research and why it constitutes an original contribution. We searched PubMed (National Library of Medicine), and PsycINFO (Ovid) (2006-2020) for studies on schizophrenic disorder (schizophrenia or psychotic or psychosis or severe mental illness) and smoking cessation treatment (smoking cessation treatment or varenicline or tobacco cessation or reduction or bupropion or NRT or behavioral treatment or e-cigarette). Studies found evidence suggesting that pharmacotherapy combined with behavioural therapy for smoking cessation is effective amongst smokers with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, although more long-term research is required. This review summarised and critically reviewed also studies on vaping as a smoking cessation strategy for smokers with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and evidence suggests that they may effective as smoking cessation tool and may be less harmful alternatives to combustible cigarette smoking. Consequently, e-cigarettes could be considered as an applicable instrument for Tobacco Harm Reduction (THR) and smoking cessation. Overall, there are very few studies of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation in patients with schizophrenia and these studies are very small. They have promising results, but more research is needed.