bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Karakteristik Fisiko-Kimia Dan Proses Produksi Pakan Apung Ikan Lele (Clarias sp.)
Authors: Sayuti Mohammad , Dewi Larasati Rama , Sofian Achmad
Published: April 2023

Salah satu komoditas unggulan pada budidaya ikan air tawar adalah ikan lele. Proses budidaya ikan lele membutuhkan ketersediaan pakan. Kebutuhan pakan masih didominasi pakan komersil dengan harga yang tinggi. Pakan buatan menjadi alternatif pemenuhan kebutuhan pakan budidaya ikan lele. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses pembuatan dan kualitas yang terkandung pada pakan apung untuk ikan lele. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari 01 Maret 2021 sampai 30 Mei 2021 di KUB Timoer Mandiri, Jember, Jawa Timur. Observasi langsung dilakukan untuk mengetahui proses pembuatan pakan. Pengujian pakan apung dilakukan dengan uji proksimat dan uji fisik pakan. Pengujian proksimat pada bahan dan pakan yang diproduksi sesuai standar AOAC 2005. Pengujian fisik pakan meliputi pengujian warna, bau, lama mengapung, kecepatan tenggelam, daya apung dan pengujian stabilitas pakan yang dilakukan tanpa aerator. Proses produksi pakan apung ikan lele meliputi persiapan bahan, penepungan, formulasi pakan, penimbangan, pencampuran, pencetakan, pengeringan, pendinginan, pengepakan dan penyimpanan. Hasil pengujian proksimat bahan baku pakan sudah memenuhi untuk pembuatan pakan. Pakan apung ikan lele memiliki kandungan protein 31.17%, abu 6.86%, lemak 5.29%, serat 6.17%, air 10.35%, BETN 39.76%, gross energy 3.891,43 Kcal/kg pakan dan digestible energy 31.131.419 Kcal/kg pakan. Pakan apung memiliki warna coklat cerah, bau menyengat, lama mengapung 424 menit, kecepatan tenggelam 0.39 cm/detik, daya apung 100% dan pakan hancur di dasar pada menit 480. Pakan apung ikan lele yang dihasilkan memiliki kualitas baik fisik dan kimia yang menyerupai dengan pakan komersial.
Kajian Formulasi Fortifikasi Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) pada Karakteristik Mutu Snack Ekstrusi
Authors: Aripudin Aripudin , Mukhaimin Iman , Juwita Gita
Published: April 2023

Snack cemilan sehat yang berbahan dasar ikan menjadi salah satu pilihan untuk menambah nilai gizi pada snack ekstrusi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan snack ekstrusi serta menentukan formulasi terbaik dengan menggunakan jumlah penambahan lumatan daging ikan nila yang berbeda-beda yakni 5%, 10% dan 15% berdasarkan parameter mutu uji hedonik, uji proksimat (kadar air, abu, protein, lemak) dan analisis total cemaran mikroba (angka lempeng total). Snack ekstrusi dibuat melalui tahap penerimaan bahan baku, penyiangan, pencucian, lumatan daging ikan nila, preparasi bahan tambahan dan penimbangan, pengadonan, penggilingan dan cetak, penggorengan, penirisan dan pengemasan. Hasil analisis formulasi P2 snack ekstrusi dengan penambahan 10% lumatan daging ikan nila merupakan formulasi yang paling disukai oleh 25 panelis dengan nilai rata-rata 6,5, kenampakan 7 (suka), aroma 6 (agak suka), rasa 7 (suka), dan tekstur 6 (agak suka). Hasil uji proksimat menunjukkan bahwa jumlah penambahan lumatan daging ikan nila berbanding lurus dengan peningkatan kadar air, abu, protein dan lemak. Dimana formulasi P2, memiliki nilai uji proksimat kadar air 5,07%, kadar abu 1,81%, kadar lemak 31,47%, kadar protein 13,03%, dan nilai ALT <2,5 x 104 Cfu/ml.
Utilization of Remote Sensing Images for Compiling The Characteristics Map of Indramayu Beach, West Java
Authors: Adjisuci Arifah Fadhilah , Sewiko Roni , Mawardi Sonny , Anasri Anasri
Published: April 2023

The beach has an important role in the development and economy of a region. Therefore, it is important to understand the condition and characteristics of the coast so that it can be managed and developed wisely. One way to understand the condition of the beach is through making a map of the characteristics of the beach. A coastal characteristic map is a graphical representation of the conditions and characteristics of the geology, geography, and hydrology of a coast. Making a coastal characteristic map with remote sensing requires several steps, namely: 1). satellite data collection: Pre-processing satellite data; 2). classification of satellite data; 3). satellite data analysis; and finally 4). making a coastal characteristic map. The area that is the fabric material is the beach of Indramayu Regency, West Java. Based on the analysis and interpretation of 2015 Landsat 8 (LDCM) image data, 2020 Sentinel 2 Image data, BATNAS, and DEMNAS data, it is known that the characteristics of the Indramayu beach are that it has geo-quaternary building materials which include: (a) coastal bunds, ( b) swamp deposits, (c) shallow marine deposits, (d) sand deposits, (e) flood plains, (f) river deposits, and (g) floodplain deposits. The morphology includes: (a) beach sand plains, (b) concave coastal swamps, (c) old beach bunds, (d) young beach bunds, (e) alluvial plains, (f) flood plains, and (g) fan plains delta. Finally, it has a distribution of surface sediments on the seabed which includes: (a) sand, (b) silt, gravelly sand, (d) slightly gravelly silt, (e) slightly gravelly sandy mud, and (f) gravelly mud.
Estrategia didáctica para el fortalecimiento de las competencias ciudadanas en educación básica, a través de la apreciación musical como mecanismo de diagnóstico de antivalores
Authors: Lizcano-Gomez Karime Grisela , Pinto-Moya Roman Enrique , Rodríguez Claudia Ximena
Published: April 2023

El objetivo del presente artículo de investigación, es proponer una estrategia didáctica para el fortalecimiento de las competencias ciudadanas en educación básica, haciendo uso de la apreciación musical como mecanismo de diagnóstico de antivalores. Con base en un estudio cualitativo, de campo etnográfico y de nivel descriptivo, se cumplen dos fases fundamentales: primero, la determinación de la influencia de las letras de un grupo de canciones, en las competencias ciudadanas desarrolladas por los estudiantes sujetos de estudio, a partir del análisis de contenido de las letras; en segundo lugar, el diseño estratégico de una guía de acompañamiento en valores para mejorar la convivencia. La población estuvo conformada por 180 estudiantes de educación básica secundaria, de los grados 6to al 11vo, de un instituto educativo de norte de Santander, Cúcuta, Colombia; asimismo, 15 canciones consideradas las más escuchadas por los estudiantes. Las técnicas de recolección fueron la entrevista y la intervención mediante grupos focales. Se concluye que, en cuanto al contenido de las letras, las mismas expresan palabras soeces, y orientan a la creación de necesidad del escucha, a identificarse con la letra y con la persona que las interpreta; este mensaje verbal va acompañado de una influencia auditiva del ritmo, que genera impacto identitario del oyente a partir del consumo de las letras. Respecto a la proporción del antivalor por canción, de 14 antivalores, 12 de las 15 canciones poseen 6 antivalores (42,86%). Los antivalores más destacados, son las palabras obscenas, la promiscuidad, el contenido sexual y erótico, y el fomento a la delincuencia. Se diseña una estrategia para fortalecer los valores sociales, estrategia consistente en una guía de acompañamiento en valores para mejorar la convivencia
Virus-like particle endocytosis pathways and presentation of captured antigens
Authors: Talayev Vladimir Yu. , Zaichenko Irina Ye. , Babaykina Olga N. , Svetlova Maria V. , Voronina Elena V.
Published: April 2023

The proteins of many viruses can be assembled into strictly organized structures virus-like particles bearing antigens of the original viruses and may also be artificially decorated with antigens of other pathogens. These particles contain no viral genome and lack infectivity but can be highly immunogenic and therefore being actively used for vaccine development. Undoubtedly, while designing vaccines, it is necessary to take into account information about the interaction of vaccine components with immune system particularly antigen-presenting cells. This is especially important for virus-like particles because, like other nanometer-sized particles, they can enter antigen-presenting cells using various endocytosis pathways. The latter exploit multiple receptors, generate endocytic vesicles of different sizes, and, most importantly, are associated with varying fates of captured material. Here we review the mechanisms of phagocytosis, macropinocytosis, clathrin-mediated endocytosis, rapid endophilin-mediated endocytosis, and several endocytic pathways associated with lipid rafts. The data are presented on the relationship between various endocytic pathways and sorting of absorbed cargo in early endosomes as well as enzymatic degradation of the late endosomes contents. We also describe the mechanisms of distribution of absorbed antigens within antigen-presenting cells to be loaded onto the class I and II major histocompatibility complex molecules. The data are presented on the endocytosis of various viruses during cell infection, as well as a comparative analysis of the endocytosis pathways for virus-like particles and related viruses. It has been noted that virus-like particles, along with the absorption pathway specific for parent virus, can rely on additional endocytic pathways to be also artificially targeted at the selected endocytic receptor and relevant absorption pathway. It allows to select or design particles with optimal endocytosis and antigen presentation to induce a protective immune response upon vaccination. It should be assumed that most prophylactic vaccines require particles that are well engulfed by antigen presenting cells and direct material to endolysosomal degradation, or particles whose uptake directs material to both late and static early endosomes, making antigens available for direct and cross presentations. Finally, we discuss virus-like particles for the delivery of drugs or genetically engineered constructs, as well as optimal endocytic pathways that should protect the payload of these particles from endolysosomal degradation.
(Mechano)synthesis of azomethine- and terpyridine-linked diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymers
Authors: Al-Ithawi Wahab K. A. , Khasanov Albert F. , Valieva Maria I. , Baklykov Artem V. , Chistiakov Konstantin A. , Ladin Evgeny D. , Kovalev Igor S. , Nikonov Igor L. , Kim Grigory A. , Platonov Vadim A. , Kopchuk Dmitry S. , Wang Zhuo , Zyryanov Grigory V.
Published: April 2023

Three efficient synthetic approaches towards new azomethine- and terpyridine-containing 2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (diketopyrrolopyrrole, DPP) based polymers, such as P1 and P2, are reported. The first approach involves the Pd-catalyzed synthesis via two- or three-component Suzuki or Stille cross-coupling reaction in solution. The second approach involves Pd-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reaction under ball-milling conditions. And, finally, the third approach involves Pd-free condensation reaction under ball-milling conditions. The newly obtained polymers exhibited absorbance around 700 nm and emission around 900 nm, and, thus, these polymers are considered to be NIR-fluorophores.
RACISMO RECREATIVO NOS CORPOS-TERRITÓRIO DE ADOLESCENTES NEGRAS NA ESCOLA
Authors: Nascimento Erika Benigna , Souza Maria Celeste Reis Fernandes de , Paula Fernanda Cristina de
Published: April 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é trazer à visibilidade a utilização do humor como mecanismo do racismo estrutural e as marcas deixadas nos corpos-território de adolescentes negras, estudantes da educação básica de uma escola pública da cidade de Governador Valadares — MG. O estudo apoiou-se em autores que discutem raça e autoras do feminismo negro, operando conceitualmente com racismo recreativo, interseccionalidade e corpo-território. O material empírico foi produzido em oficinas temáticas e as narrativas trazidas pelas 12 estudantes, participantes da pesquisa, foram analisadas por meio da análise episódica.  Os episódios narrados denunciam as marcas nos corpos-território dessas adolescentes, assim como a naturalização de opressões de raça e gênero, instrumentalizadas pelo racismo recreativo que comparece no cotidiano escolar. Esse comparecimento cria e reafirma estereótipos sobre a categoria “mulher negra”, provoca desejos de afastamento da escola para não serem alvo de “piadas” e/ou “brincadeiras”, e questionamentos sobre sua própria humanidade, ao refletirem se suas aparências se assemelham aos animais utilizados para “xingá-las”. As adolescentes denunciam os silenciamentos da escola frente a esse tipo de “humor”, tensionando a sua naturalização e nos provocam, como educadores/as, a posicionarmos contra esses silenciamentos que engendram exclusões e a naturalização do racismo, entre outros mecanismos, os disfarçados de humor, mas que precisam ser nomeados como racismo recreativo.
Uso de animais em experimentos no Brasil: práticas culturais, científicas e nova ética para o século XXI
Authors: Quintilio Wagner , Trói Marcelo de
Published: April 2023

De 2018 a 2021, 895 instituições de pesquisas no Brasil cadastradas no Conselho Nacional de Controle de Experimentação Animal, o Concea, tiveram a autorização para utilizar mais de 16 milhões de animais em experimentos. A série histórica está sendo publicada com ineditismo por este artigo e os dados foram conseguidos por meio da Lei de Acesso à Informação, a LAI. A proposta desse texto é problematizar o acesso aos dados do uso de animais como condição fundamental para mudar o paradigma na ciência experimental na construção de um mundo com menos mortes. O artigo reconstitui, historicamente, as bases culturais e práticas científicas que influenciaram a ética em relação aos animais, em especial ao uso desses em laboratórios. Ao mesmo tempo, indica que, desde a antiguidade, já existiam pensamentos de que os animais deveriam ser tratados com dignidade e humanidade. O texto apresenta a emergência dos métodos alternativos ao uso de animais a partir do final dos anos 50 e questiona o papel dos comitês de ética para a diminuição do uso de cobaias nos laboratórios.
Desfiliação social, gestão de riscos e produção de subjetividades
Authors: Lemos Flávia Cristina Silveira , Franco Ana Carolina Farias
Published: April 2023

INTRODUÇÃO: Este artigo visa pensar, em um ensaio temático, as práticas de gestão dos riscos, especificamente no que tange corpos de grupos sociais desfiliados por processos de exclusão e até mesmo de inclusão pelo lugar de estigma como posição de sujeito. OBJETIVOS: O texto aborda a construção de uma segurança racista que se difunde em nome da defesa social e da proteção como controle regular, na articulação das leis com as normas no chamado Estado Democrático de Direito. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma discussão histórica, genealógica e baseada na psicologia social. DISCUSSÃO: As encomendas por segurança e ampliação das punições na sociedade atual trazem uma esfera de racismo e preconceito de classe que se ancora na lógica penal associada à generalização da sociedade punitiva. CONCLUSÕES: Por fim, analisa-se como a subjetividade marcada pelo medo e insegurança é expandida com a incidência das práticas de vigilância e de segurança no neoliberalismo em nome da defesa social.
DIFFERENCES OF RIB FRACTURES IN BLUNT TRAUMA PATIENTS ACCORDING TO AGE AND GENDER: A COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY STUDY
Authors: TORUN Ebru , YÜKSEL Yavuz
Published: April 2023

Objective

To investigate the difference between rib fractures

according to age and sex in blunt trauma patients.

Material and Method

The patients were classified into 3 age groups:

Group-1:18-44 years, Group-2:45-69 years, and

Group-3:70 years or more. Rib fractures were

classified into 3 groups based on their level on the

coronal plane (upper (1st-4th ribs), medium (5th-

8th ribs) and lower (9th-12th ribs)) and axial plane

(anterior, lateral and posterior).

Results

Rib fractures were found to be more common in male

(69%) to female (53%) (p=0.002). The incidence of

fractures was seen to increase with age (p=0.001;

r=615). Rib fractures were most commonly found in

the middle ribs (5th-8th ribs) in all-age-groups. The

incidence of fractures in the upper ribs was significantly

lower in the advanced age than the other age groups

(p=0.002). Fractures were least commonly found in the

anterior part of the rib in all age groups. Rib fractures

were observed at a higher rate in the lateral part in

young adults unlike the other age groups (p=0.001).

A significant difference was found between the age

groups in favor of young adults (group 1) in terms of

the presence of parenchymal contusion without rib

fracture (p=0.014).

Conclusion

Rib fracture was seen at a higher rate in male than

female in blunt thoracic trauma patients. Fractures

possibility of in the upper rib structures is lower in the

advanced age group. Unlike other groups, in young

people, a higher rate of fractures was detected in

the lateral part of the costa. One should be aware of

the possibility of parenchymal contusion without a rib

fracture in the young age group.
Nuevas formas de violencia y discursos de odio hacia las mujeres en juegos online multijugador
Authors: Esteban Ramiro Beatriz , Moreno López Roberto
Published: April 2023

El objetivo principal de esta investigación es analizar las percepciones de la juventud hacia la violencia online. Se pretende conocer cómo y en qué medida se manifiesta con el fin de que puedan diseñarse acciones para prevenir y mediar en ellas desde un enfoque de género. El estudio, de corte cuantitativo, realiza un análisis de actitudes violentas y sexistas en el espacio online hacia mujeres multijugadoras. La muestra (N=738) se conforma por jóvenes de entre 16 y 29 años. Se administró un cuestionario ad hoc basado en The Attitudes toward Online Violence (Melovic et al., 2020) y Santana (2020). Los resultados muestran que, las mujeres jóvenes videojugadoras experimentan actitudes violentas condicionadas por el género. En este contexto, se producen actitudes violentas como en otros espacios de interacción advirtiendo que se vivencian y reproducen a través de un tono sexista cuando se dirigen hacia mujeres, con planteamientos ambivalentes del neosexismo (Glick y Fiske, 1997). Existe, una percepción de falta de medios para actuar ante ellas y la mayoría de las jóvenes considera que responden a creencias estructurales que requieren de acciones educativas, así como de medidas en las plataformas de videojuegos que sirvan de herramienta para hacerlas frente.
Masoquismo primordial y masoquismo del goce en el surgimiento del sujeto en Lacan
Authors: Escobar María Carmen Elisa
Published: April 2023

Para cuestionar la idea freudiana del pasaje de un masoquismo “primario” a uno secundario, y del masoquismo al sadismo, Lacan prefiere utilizar para el masoquismo llamado primario el calificativo de “primordial”. De este modo, la idea freudiana de un resto no expulsado de la pulsión de muerte que permanece en el interior del individuo es modificada por Lacan entendiéndola como el dolor a través del cual el sujeto aprehende el dolor de existir al reconocerse como solo un eslabón de la cadena significante. La incorporación del significante, el goce, es fundamentalmente masoquista. Pero es difícil delimitar la diferencia entre el masoquismo inherente a la génesis del sujeto tal como Lacan la presenta, es decir, como resto de la división subjetiva, y su noción de fantasma masoquista en el neurótico o el masoquismo perverso. La noción plus de goce parece moderar esta superposición, como se mostrará en este escrito.
Por una teoría de la sublimación
Authors: Claude Lorin Siegfried Bernfeld, , Saravia Santiago
Published: April 2023

Texto inédito publicada en la revista alemana Imago, 1931, volumen XVII. Traducido del alemán al francés por Claude Lorin.
Seasonal quality of milk from Creole grazing goats, stabled Saanen and French-Alpine goats
Authors: Salgado-Beltrán Víctor-Abrahán , Murillo-Amador Bernardo , Nieto-Garibay Alejandra , Montes-Sánchez Juan-José , Aguilera Narciso , Ortega-Pérez Ricardo
Published: April 2023

Background: Goat milk production has been increasing in northern Mexico; however, there is little information available about its quality. Objective: To compare goat milk quality during three seasons among creole goats in a traditional grazing system and stabled Saanen and French-Alpine goats. Methods: An experiment was performed in a completely randomized nested design with seasonality factor (fixed effects) with three levels (rain, transition, and drought) and breed factor (fixed effect with three levels (Creole, Saanen and French-Alpine)) nested within the season-of-the-year factor. Fifteen goats were randomly selected: five Creole in the extensive grazing system, five stabled Saanen, and five stabled French-Alpine. The factors assessed in milk were fat content, non-fat solids, protein, lactose, salts, density, freezing point, conductivity, and pH (using a Lactoscan® device). Results: With respect to season for all the breeds: fat, non-fat solids, protein, lactose, and salt contents were higher (p≤0.05) for goats sampled in the rainy season, followed by drought and transition seasons, respectively. The variables related to milk quality by breed and season showed that milk fat content of creole goats was greater (p≤0.05) in the drought season; salt and non-fat content (p≤0.05) in the three seasons of the year; density and protein increased (p≤0.05) in the transition and rainy seasons, while lactose was greater (p≤0.05) in drought and rainy seasons; protein was greater (p≤0.05) in transition and rainy seasons; and the freezing point was lower (p≤0.05) in the transition season. Regarding conductivity, French-Alpine milk was greater (p≤0.05) in the drought season. Conclusion: Season of the year significantly affects milk quality, with increased quality during the rainy season in creole grazing goats.
Ecos de la llingua asturiana a la vera’l Hudson: un testimoniu en primer persona
Authors: Suárez Coalla Paquita
Published: April 2023

La presencia de comunidaes asturianes nos Estaos Xuníos dende fines del sieglu XIX (nes fábricas de tabacu de Tampa) hasta metá del sieglu XX (nes mines de cinc de Virxinia Occidental), foi enforma relevante. Pese a esto, los estudios venceyaos a la cultura asturiana nel mundu académicu norteamericanu —a diferencia de lo que pasó cola cultura vasca, catalana y gallega— son dafechu inesistentes. Cualquier averamientu a esti campu d’investigación fíxose a partir d’iniciatives personales, con un importante componente afeutivu la mayoría d’elles y ensin grandes posibilidaes de continuidá. Nesti artículu faigo una revisión en primer persona de lo que foi la mio contribución a l’asturianística en Nueva York, dende’l momentu nel que llego a esta ciudá en 1994 y empiezo a buscar y crear espacios nos que tengan cabida la llingua, la lliteratura y la cultura asturianes, hasta l’apaición d’esi mundu virtual pandémicu qu’abrió nuevos caminos a la collaboración y qu’entama a facer posible qu’una comunidá muncho más atomizada que la de sieglos anteriores trabaye en comuña y afiance unos estudios que reflexen la nuesa presencia nesti país.
Ana María Cano González, Jean Germain i Dieter Kremer (eds.) (2023). Dictionnaire historique de l’anthroponymie romane. Patronymica Romanica (PatRom). Volume IV/1. Couleurs. Aliments et vêtements. Dates et fêtes. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter.
Authors: Batlle Mar
Published: April 2023

Ensin resume
Marques d’asturianía y xuicios de valor: actitúes llingüístiques frente al neutru de materia y los pronomes enclíticos
Authors: Turrero Garcia Maria , Faber Andie
Published: April 2023

El billingüismu produz efeutos d’influyencia crosllingüística na interpretación y producción de les dos llingües en contautu. Nesta investigación esaminamos la perceición de dos trazos llingüísticos asturianos na fala castellana per parte de dos grupos de participantes: (i) falantes de castellanu y (ii) falantes billingües d’asturianu/castellanu. La enclisis pronominal n’oraciones como ‘Vila ayer’ ye un rasgu asturianu que forma parte del continuum lectal de contautu que d’Andrés (2002) noma Asturianu Mínimu Urbanu (AMU), que se fala nes zones urbanes más habitaes n’Asturies y tien mayor contautu col castellanu. El neutru de materia, que ye la concordancia axetival en -o con dellos sustantivos non cuntables, ye un rasgu que s’atopa nel denomáu asturianu total (AT), el sistema menos castellanizáu de la llingua asturiana, y tien una estensión xeográfica menor que la enclisis. Fiximos un esperimentu consistente nun cuestionariu sobre les práutiques y usos llingüísticos de los participantes, un xuiciu de naturalidá y una téunica de pares ocultos. Los resultaos suxeren que los falantes de dambos grupos tienen una perceición de la enclisis (d’AMU) de mayor naturalidá que’l neutru de materia (d’AT), y atopamos qu’inclusive los falantes monollingües de castellanu aceuten la enclisis como un rasgu natural del castellanu d’Asturies. Sicasí, na perceición del usu d’estos dos trazos, entrambos grupos señalen el so usu como poco profesional. Darréu, analizamos los resultaos considerando les consecuencies sociales d’estes perceiciones y les ideoloxíes llingüístiques sobre’l billingüismu.
Seismoacoustic Monitoring of a Longwall Face Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing
Authors: Chambers Derrick , Shragge Jeffrey
Published: April 2023

Violent, dynamic failures of rockmasses in underground mines pose significant hazards to workers and operations. Over the past several decades, hardrock mines have widely adopted seismic monitoring to help address such risks. However, coal mines, particularly those employing the longwall mining method, have struggled to implement similar monitoring strategies. This is because typical longwall mines are much larger and mine more rapidly than hardrock mines. Moreover, regulations place significant restrictions on the subsurface use of electronics in coal mines due to potentially explosive atmospheres. We present a new monitoring concept that uses distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) to turn an entire longwall face into a seismoacoustic array. After exploring the acoustic response of our sensors in the laboratory, we deployed the array at an active underground longwall mine for several days. We examine 33 events recorded by both the in-mine DAS array and a surface seismic network. We observed that the array records both seismic vibrations traveling through rock and mining equipment as well as sound waves propagating in the workings. We show that waveform moveouts are clearly visible, and that the standard deviation of the audio recordings is a straightforward yet promising metric that could help quantify burst damage. Although improvements are needed before mines can routinely use this monitoring strategy, DAS-based seismoacoustic arrays may assist in understanding coal-burst mechanisms and managing associated risks in underground longwall mines as well as enable better understanding of damage associated with dynamic failures in other underground environments.
Comparative Analysis of Genome Editing for Curing Sickle Cell Disease: Induction of Fetal Hemoglobin and Gene Correction of Sickle Gene
Authors: Yan Yiwei
Published: April 2023

Known as a monogenic disease, Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a collective term for a series of red blood cell disorders affecting a large population in the world. Though current treatments exist and are proven effective (i.e., bone marrow transplant), accessibility severely limits their impact on most patients. Because the monogenic nature of SCD renders it simple to study, scientists are currently attempting to use gene therapy and genome editing to cure the disease. The genome editing approaches are mainly comprised of two methods: reactivating the previously suppressed fetal hemoglobin or a direct gene correction at the mutated residue in the adult beta (β) globin gene. Each approach is supported by a handful of in vitro experiments demonstrating sufficient levels of fetal hemoglobin activation or production of correct β globin in edited cells to rescue SCD. Although genome editing has shown great potential to treat this deadly disease, there remains much more work in in vivo and clinical trials to be done for further long-term evaluation before these approaches to be approved for use in humans. Safety issues and the long-term effects of the genome editing reagents are key topics that require large efforts to improve upon.
Evolution of the cluster development concept: from agglomeration theory to ecosystems
Authors: Gamidullaeva L. A. , Strakhov E. P.
Published: April 2023

Purpose: of the study is to substantiate the relationship between cluster theory and ecosystem concepts on the basis of systematization of scientific research directions on the problem of economic clustering.

Methods: the study is based on the theories of regional, spatial economics, innovative development, network and ecosystem economics, presented in the works of the Russian and foreign scientists. To solve the tasks set, general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, description, comparison, induction, historical, classification, etc.) and special methods (bibliometric and content analysis of literature, statistical) were used. In order to conduct bibliometric analysis, a standardized methodology for exploratory analytics was applied using the tools provided in modern computer data analysis packages.

Results: on the basis of thematic selections from the Scopus database, the systematization of the most cited scientific publications on the problem of cluster development, published for the period 1997-2022 was carried out. A qualitative content analysis of the content of text arrays, followed by a meaningful interpretation of the identified patterns, made it possible to group the main directions of scientific thought in this area and identify promising areas for the further research. A conceptual scheme for the evolution of the formation and development of the cluster concept: the key theories and approaches that determined the trajectory of its development are identified.

Conclusions and Relevance: the hypothesis that the ecosystem concept is an evolutionary development of cluster theory is confirmed. It is concluded that in the future the topic of innovative ecosystems is highly likely to move into the category of the basic ones devoted to cluster development. Despite the similarity (in the first approximation) of clusters and ecosystems, these approaches differ fundamentally in many criteria, primarily in terms of the proposed mechanisms for building interaction between participants, organization and regulation. In order to use the ecosystem approach in the practice of regional and industrial policy, its further conceptual, methodological and instrumental support is necessary.
Modernization of the economy of the macroregion: problems and solutions (on the example of the North caucasian Federal District)
Authors: Batov G. Kh. , Kandrokova M. M.
Published: April 2023

Purpose: of the study is to substantiate the possibility of carrying out structural, spatial and technological modernization of the economy of the macroregion.

Methods: the study used a systematic approach and the postulates of the modernization theory. The trend analysis was carried out with the help of statistical data. The predictive analytics methods were used to predict possible changes.

Results: external shocks (economic crises and sanctions measures) to which the regions are exposed force them to adapt to a new condition and necessitate structural, spatial and technological modernization. The assessment of the structural state of the economy of the district based on the use of various statistical indicators revealed that the largest contribution to the creation of the regional domestic product is made by industries that belong to the non-manufacturing sector. There is nothing critical in this fact, but for lagging and problem regions, including the study district, it is most acceptable to ensure the dominance of industries in the manufacturing sector. It is possible to implement such an approach through structural, spatial and technological modernization.

Many problems associated with changes in the structure of the economy are not solved due to the low technological base of enterprises in the real sector. Possible solutions to such problems are in the field of technological modernization and improving the quality of fixed capital. An important role in the implementation of these processes is assigned to the use of advanced technologies and special software products. To a greater extent, this applies to economic entities of the real sector, which form the framework of the economy.

Conclusions and Relevance: the implementation of the modernization approach for the district is associated with certain problems. To solve them, it is possible to use various tools, including plans, strategies, programs, program-target management methods, and others. To carry out structural, spatial and technological modernization of the economy of the district, the most effective is the use of project management methods. The peculiarity of project management is that its methods can be adapted to the conditions of different regions, which differ in the parameters of socio-economic development.
Social and humanitarian aspects of the innovation policy of European countries (Case of the UK and Finland)
Authors: Kirichenko I. V. , Shelyubskaya N. V.
Published: April 2023

Purpose: to study the approaches and priorities for innovation policy oriented to solve developed countries' social and humanitarian problems (case of the UK and Finland).

Methods: due to the descriptive method the array of documents forming the innovation policy of the UK and Finland was determined and analysis singled out its social and humanitarian aspects. The historical method helped to trace the evolution of innovation policy. By the comparative method the goals and content of the innovation policy of the two countries were compared.

Results: the UK and Finland face the same type of social and humanitarian challenges characterizing European countries. The authors hypothesized the similarity of the principles of responses to these challenges in the innovation policy of the two innovation-active countries, despite the differences in the fundamentals of the market economy functioning: minimal state intervention in the free market (the UK) and the economic processes regulation in the North Europe welfare state (Finland). An analysis of government documents relating to innovation policy, analytical reviews and statistical materials confirmed this assumption.

Conclusions and Relevance: innovation policy as an institution has been examined for a long time but its social and humanitarian aspects are not yet sufficiently specified and presented in fragments. The study of the principles of socially oriented innovation policy in the UK and Finland expands the understanding of innovation policy's transformation that accelerates the transition of innovation activity from «technological determinism» to «social constructivism». A wide range of stakeholders are involved in that innovation policy's formation and implementation: the academic sector, business structures, and end users. The results of the study can be used to develop recommendations for improving Russia's innovation policy.
The methodology for increasing the organizational efficiency of the enterprise
Authors: Dolzhenko R. A. , Dolzhenko S. B. , Malyshev D. S.
Published: April 2023

Purpose: of the study is to present and study the results of the implementation of the methodology for improving organizational efficiency, which was tested at an industrial enterprise in the Sverdlovsk region.

Methods: traditional general scientific methods were used in the study: analysis, synthesis, generalization, literature review, case study analysis on the materials of an industrial enterprise, in the practice of which the use of methods for improving organizational efficiency was introduced.

Results: improving the organizational efficiency and labor productivity of industrial enterprises is an important direction in the development of the economy and production since these companies make a significant contribution to the welfare of the country and the quality of life of the population. Some domestic companies are developing and implementing tools to improve organizational efficiency, and it is important to understand what results the business achieves after implementing such changes. Such a tool can be the author's methodology for improving organizational efficiency. Approbation of the methodology showed that as a result of its use at an industrial enterprise for a production volume of 500 thousand tons, an organizational effect was obtained in the form of the release of 718 staff positions at the initial values of 5 463 staff positions, which amounted to 13.14%. According to calculations, within 12 months from the start of the implementation of the initiatives, 132.6 million rubles, or 30.9% of the target economic effect, will be received. Additional investments of 94 million rubles can bring 13% of the identified potential, or 93 staff positions with the effect of 56.9 million rubles.

Conclusions and Relevance: the approbation of the methodology for improving organizational efficiency showed that it can be implemented at industrial enterprises of the country, taking into account adaptation to different industries and the specifics of the company's activities. The application of the methodology can provide companies with an increase in the economic effect by 10-15%. However, for full implementation and scaling, comprehensive work should be carried out to train personnel, optimize processes, and introduce methods to improve organizational efficiency in the daily practice of employees.
Consumo de carnes durante el auge henequenero de Yucatán, 1880-1916
Authors: Campos-García Melchor
Published: April 2023

El objetivo del presente ensayo consiste en determinar los consumos de carnes vacuna y porcina entre los habitantes de los diferentes espacios económicos de Yucatán de 1880 a 1916. ¿La riqueza emanada del auge henequenero mejoró la dieta cárnica de la población urbana y rural de la zona henequenera y la de diversidad agropecuaria? ¿Tuvieron los jornales de los peones la capacidad para incrementar sus consumos de carnes? El examen de los datos permitió identificar ciclos de incremento y decremento diferenciados en el consumo de carnes, y una convergencia hacia la baja en todos los partidos del estado entre 1906 y 1916.
Banco Herediano 1879-1884: Operational history of the first provincial bank in Costa Rica
Authors: Montero-Mora Andrea , León-Sáenz Jorge
Published: April 2023

El artículo analiza la corta vida operativa del Banco Herediano durante el último cuarto del siglo XIX; describe la forma en la que el primer banco provincial de Costa Rica aprovechó la coyuntura favorable de los precios del café para desarrollar la actividad crediticia; también, presenta una breve descripción del contexto económico y bancario del momento, y muestra los cambios que promovieron las condiciones favorables para el establecimiento del banco. El artículo también analiza los cambios en el mercado mundial del café que provocaron la caída en el precio del grano en los mercados y, en consecuencia, el fin del negocio. Con base en documentos del propio banco y fuentes de los archivos nacionales, reconstruimos la estructura y las operaciones del Banco Herediano entre 1879 y 1884. Los resultados arrojan información sobre el financiamiento del banco, los cambios ocurridos en la composición del directorio, un análisis de los 2 600 préstamos individuales y 760 deudores, el tipo de garantías utilizadas, y una breve comparación con otros bancos de la época.
Evolution of electromagnetic logging while drilling tools (based on national and foreign literature)
Authors: Danilovskiy K. N. , Moskaev I. A.
Published: April 2023

Important stages in the development of electromagnetic logging tools based on national and foreign literature are considered: adaptation of traditional tools to logging while drilling and modification of tools for logging while drilling in order to provide the possibility of carrying out deeper and azimuthal measurements. Applied algorithms for modeling and interpreting data are briefly described, examples of tools which are used while drilling oil wells, including the national tool, are given.
The new approach to determination of the combined isotopic composition of methane for its genetic characterization
Authors: Makas A. L. , Kudryavtsev A. S. , Troshkov M. L.
Published: April 2023

A new approach to mass-spectrometric determination of the combined isotopic composition of methane has been put forward. The approach is based on the preliminary on-line conversion of methane to methanol in corona discharge and selective chemical ionization. The approach provides means to lower requirements for equipment, consumables, and operation conditions and offers a challenge to develop a new field method.
Experience of experimental recording of seismic emission of the side array during open mining of coal deposits
Authors: Polozov S. S. , Bykadorov A. I. , Kharlamov A. S. , Zaitsev A. V.
Published: April 2023

The article deals with issues related to the development of seismological equipment and software, in relation to the study of seismic emission as a harbinger of destructive deformations of the side of a coal quarry. Examples of recordings of typical seismic impacts are given. The filtering and event selection algorithms used in the processing of records are shown.
Growth, nutrition and health of coffee seedlings grown with increasing limestone doses in the substrate
Authors: De Oliveira Santos Reis Gabriela , Manoel Rezende de Melo Bruno , Ferreira Sindynara , Vilela Andrade Pinto Lilian
Published: April 2023

During coffee crop formation, seedlings quality is an essential factor to ensure the plants full development. Applying limestone to the substrate is a common practice to correct acidity, thus increasing nutrient availability. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of increasing limestone doses in the substrate regarding growth, nutrition, health, and quality of coffee seedlings. The experiment was conducted in the plant nursery at the IFSULDEMINAS – Inconfidentes Campus, with an experimental design in randomized blocks with five replications; the treatments received the following limestone doses per cubic meter of substrate: T1: 0 g; T2: 600 g; T3: 1,200 g; T4: 1,800 g; T5: 3,000 g. After 208 days of sowing, samples were collected for leaf analysis. The growth and quality of the seedlings and their incidence and severity of Cercospora were also evaluated. A statistical difference was found in leaf analysis for nitrogen, potassium, and manganese absorption, with no statistical difference for Cercospora coffeicola leaf spots  in all treatments. Therefore, the increasing limestone doses do not influence growth, nutrition, and health of the coffee seedlings of the Mundo Novo 376/4 cultivar.
Characteristics of Diminutive Colorectal Polyps in Patients Undergoing Colonoscopy in an Educational, Therapeutic Hospital in Western Iran
Authors: Bashiri Homayoon , Madani Mahsa , Asgari Lotfollah , Bozorgomid Arezoo
Published: April 2023

Background and Aims: Limited information is available on the frequency of advanced adenomas in diminutive colon polyps. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the pathological characteristics and the frequency of high-grade dysplasia in diminutive colorectal polyps in individuals referred to colonoscopy examination in Kermanshah, Iran.
Materials and Methods: Demographics characteristics, location and diameter of the polyp, histological assessment of the polyps, grade, and others were retrieved from colonoscopy reports.
Results and Conclusions: During the study period, 250 diminutive colorectal polyps were detected. The histological assessment showed that 36.4% were adenomatous, 32.8% were hyperplastic, and 30.8% were inflammatory polyps. Only two diminutive polyps (0.8%) had high-grade dysplasia, and the frequency of adenocarcinoma in our study was 0.4%. Besides, the frequency of adenomatous polyps was higher in the proximal versus the distal colon. These findings emphasize the urgent need for a colorectal cancer screening plan in the Iranian population to improve therapeutic outcomes.
Evaluation of DNA Damage and Repair In In Vitro Expanded Cord Blood CD 34 Positive Hematopoietic Stem Cell
Authors: Shokouhian Mohammad , Mozdarani Hossein , Soleimani Masoud , Safa Majid , Rezvany Mohammad Reza
Published: April 2023

Background and Aims: The occurrence of single and double-strand breaks of DNA damage is the major obstacle for proliferation under various environmental factors and, if not repaired, can result in many consequences, including mutation, cell death, and others. So, the present study was conducted to evaluate the damage of DNA and the expression status of DNA repair system genes before and after stem cell proliferation.
Materials and Methods: The MACS method isolated the umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells (UCB-HSCs). In order to investigate cell death, the study of Annexin V/PI was done by flow cytometry. Comet assay made observation and identification of DNA breaks, and the expression of genes normally involved in the repair of DNA breaks was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
Results: The average number of stem cells increased by 1.9-fold after three days of proliferation. The apoptotic percentage of cells was negligible (less than 0.2%), and the purity of the CD34+ cells was reduced by about one-third in three days (67%). By examining the expression of DNA repair genes, including KU70, KU80, RAD51, and XRCC1, their increased fold change was not significant. In a microscopic examination of stem cells in the comet assay, there was no significant difference between DNA damage before (1.33% ± 0.31) and after (2.08% ± 0.92) replication.
Conclusion: In our investigation, neither DNA damage nor changes in the DNA break repair were observed. However, further studies are required to clarify the DNA break repair by recruiting more UCB-HSCs samples.
Effects of Ubiquinone on Oxidant and Antioxidant Status in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line
Authors: Heidari-Kalvani Nafiseh , Fallah Sudabeh , Barjasteh Fereshte , Bahreini Elham
Published: April 2023

Background and Aims: The concomitant use of antioxidants during chemotherapy is controversial. It is unknown whether antioxidants increase or decrease the effectiveness of anticancer drugs. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate ubiquinone's cytotoxic and antioxidant effects on the HepG2 cell line.
Materials and Methods: The HepG2 cell line was chosen as an experimental model for hepatocellular carcinoma in this study. The cytotoxic effect of ubiquinone was assessed as a function of time and concentration using the colorimetric MTT assay. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined to assess the cytotoxic effects of different ubiquinone concentrations. The protective impacts of ubiquinone on HepG2 cells were evaluated by assessing the oxidative stress profile.
Results: The MTT showed that the IC50 after treatment with ubiquinone was 350 and 335 μM at 24 and 48 hours, respectively. Evaluation of redox homeostasis in HepG2 cells using three doses of ubiquinone, including IC50 and one dose higher and one dose lower than IC50, showed a decrease in oxidative stress and an increase in the antioxidant capacity of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.01). An increase in redox hemostasis decreased the viability of HepG2 cells.
Conclusion: Our results showed ubiquinone could reduce cancer cell survival by interfering in redox oxidative-redox status. Therefore, ubiquinone can be used as an antioxidant supplement along with chemotherapy drugs.