bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM PRODUKTIF SMK UNTUK MEMBENTUK KARAKTER KEWIRAUSAHAAN LULUSAN
Authors: . Samsudi
Published: February 2017

Abstrak: Pembelajaran program produktif SMK memiliki posisi strategis dalam pengembangan kompetensi siswa, baik kompetensi teknis (hard competence) maupun kecakapan kewirausahaan (soft competence). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan model pembelajaran program produktif SMK mencakup materi ajar, metode pembelajaran, dan evaluasi hasil belajar yang dapat mengembangkan karakter kewirausahaan lulusan. Hasil penerapan pendekatan research and development, pada bidang keahlian Teknologi dan Rekayasa, Pariwisata, serta Bisnis dan Manajemen dapat dikembangkan model pembelajaran program produktif SMK yang mencakup tiga aspek, yakni materi pembelajaran, metode pembelajaran, dan evaluasi hasil pembelajaran produktif. Materi pembelajaran perlu didesain dengan memfokuskan pada kegiatan produktif (membuat atau menciptakan produk baik barang maupun jasa) yang menekankan karakter kewirausahaan, metode pembelajaran bersifat penugasan atau project-work, dan evaluasi hasil pembelajaran perlu menerapkan teknik evaluasi unjuk kerja dengan menekankan evaluasi proses dan produk. Kata Kunci: model pembelajaran, program produktif SMK, karakter kewirausahaan
Исследование особенностей осаждения органического красителя Родамин Б на поверхность пористого кремния с различным размером пор
Authors: Леньшин А.С. , Середин П.В. , Кавецкая И.В. , Минаков Д.А. , Кашкаров В.М.
Published: February 2017

Исследованы особенности осаждения органического красителя Родамин Б на поверхность пористого кремния со средним размером пор 50-100 и 100-250 нм. Методами инфракрасной и фотолюминесцентной спектроскопии были исследованы особенности состава и оптических свойств полученных систем. Установлен преимущественно физический тип адсорбции Родамина Б на поверхность por-Si с различной пористостью и определены оптимальные технологические параметры его осаждения. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.02.44103.8337
Плотность незаполненных электронных состояний осажденных в вакууме пленок диоктил-замещенного и дифенил-замещенного перилен-дикарбоксимида
Authors: Комолов А.С. , Лазнева Э.Ф. , Герасимова Н.Б. , Панина Ю.А. , Барамыгин А.В. , Зашихин Г.Д. , Пшеничнюк С.А.
Published: February 2017

Приведены результаты исследования плотности незаполненных электронных состояний в энергетическом диапазоне от 5 до 20 eV выше энергии Ферми (EF) в сверхтонких пленках диоктил-замещенного и дифенил-замещенного перилен-дикарбоксимида. Экспериментальные результаты получены путем регистрации тока вторичных низкоэнергетических электронов с использованием методики спектроскопии полного тока. Теоретический анализ включал в себя расчет энергий и пространственного распределения орбиталей исследованных молекул методом теории функционала плотности и последующее масштабирование рассчитанных значений энергий орбиталей согласно процедуре, хорошо зарекомендовавшей себя ранее при исследованиях малых сопряженных органических молекул. Обнаружено, что для обоих видов исследованных пленок при энергиях ниже 8 eV над EF расположены по два основных максимума плотности незаполненных электронных состояний, образованных преимущественно pi*-орбиталями молекул. Более высоколежащие максимумы имеют преимущественно sigma*характер. Проведен анализ влияния диоктил- и дифенил-замещающих групп на плотность незаполненных электронных состояний при сравнении результатов для исследованных видов пленок. В случае pi*-максимумов наблюдается относительный сдвиг, около 1 eV, по энергии. В области sigma*-электронных состояний наблюдается незначительная перестройка структуры максимумов. Работа выполнена при поддержке научного гранта СПбГУ 11.38.219.2014, РФФИ (14-03-00087 и 15-29-05786). DOI: 10.21883/FTT.2017.02.44068.142
Термостимулированная люминесценция кристалла Ca(Al-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-Ga-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-S-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-:Eu-=SUP=-2+-=/SUP=-
Authors: Асадов Е.Г. , Казимова Ф.А. , Ибрагимова Т.Ш. , Тагиев К.О.
Published: February 2017

Проведены исследования термолюминесценции (ТЛ) твердых растворов Ca(AlxGa1-x)2S4 : Eu2+ (x = 0.1-0.3) после ультрафиолетового облучения методом линейного нагрева. Показано, что наблюдаемые максимумы ТЛ сложные и состоят из нескольких сильно перекрывающихся парциальных максимумов, определены энергия активации, сечение захвата, частотный фактор и концентрация ловушечных уровней, ответственных за эти максимумы. С увеличением x интенсивность излучения и число пиков растет. DOI: 10.21883/PJTF.2017.04.44296.16340
Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Head Together (Nht) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Ipa Kelas Iii Di Sd Negeri Gunungsaren Srandakan Bantul Yogyakarta Tahun Ajaran 2015/2016
Authors: Ardiyaningrum Martalia , Indarsih Sapta
Published: February 2017

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar IPA kelas III di SD N Gunungsaren antara pembelajaran yang menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Numbered Head Together (NHT) dengan pembelajaran model konvensional dan mengetahui efektifitas pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Numbered Head Together (NHT) terhadap hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas III di SD N Gunungsaren. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas III SD N Gunungsaren, dengan sampel penelitian adalah kelas III B yang memperoleh perlakuan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif tipe NHT dan kelas III A dengan model konvensional. Analisis data meliputi uji Normalitas, Homogenitas, dan Uji Mann-Whitney U-Test dengan bantuan program SPSS 16. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya perbedaan hasil belajar kelas yang menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Numbered Head Together (NHT) dengan hasil belajar kelas konvensional pada pembelajaran IPA kelas III di SD N Gunungsaren Srandakan Bantul. Model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Numbered Head Together (NHT) ini efektif digunakan karena rata-rata yang didapatkan di kelas eksperimen 95 dan terdapat 100% siswa yang mendapatkan nilai di atas KKM (Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal) dari jumlah siswa.
Product strategies of SME’s: factors that influence SME’s in deciding what products to sell
Authors: Cant Michael Colin , Wiid Johannes Arnoldus , Kallier Safura Mohamed
Published: February 2017

Deciding on the right products to offer to the market is a demanding and crucial task that requires understanding and insight into the customer’s needs and wants. This task is even more important and crucial for SME’s who in many instances have to rely on the knowledge and feeling of the owner/manager only to make these decisions. It is therefore important for SME’s to have a well thought out strategy when deciding on what products to sell. This study aimed to identify aspects related to products that SMEs consider when selecting products to sell. Surveys were sent out to SME’s around South Africa. The results indicated that SME’s selected products based on the quality of the product and customer demand.
Infrastructure quality, firm characteristics and corruption in Tanzania
Authors: Makoni Patricia Lindelwa
Published: February 2017

The primary objective of this study was to examine what effect corruption has on firms’ ability to access quality infrastructure in Tanzania, by examining firm heterogeneity and the incidence of graft in the firms’ quest to conduct business operations, dependent on available infrastructure such as electricity and water. The results show that, regardless of firm age, size and ownership – all firms in Tanzania face the same challenges of intermittent power and water cuts, significant delays in the connection of power and water after submitting applications, and the need to pay bribes at every stage of the business lifecycle in order to get things done. Also, an examination of the pattern of FDI inflows to Tanzania over the last ten years revealed that, although the country has great foreign currency earning and FDI-harnessing potential, the business environment is not conducive enough to attract increased and significant levels of FDI. It is therefore recommended that the Government of Tanzania intervenes and puts policies in place to develop its local infrastructure so that it can further grow its economy, thereby increasing employment and trade opportunities, especially if it wishes to attract foreign investors
Risk reporting practices by the aviation industry
Authors: Probohudono Agung Nur , Vu Kelly Anh , Mustika Tyara Mayang
Published: February 2017

This study analyses the extent of voluntary business risk disclosure from airlines-aviation companies in Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) countries over the period of three years (2009-2011). The results of this study indicate that level of business risk disclosure is relatively consistent high level in 62.71%-64.71%. Multiple regression analysis provides evidence that country cluster, size, leverage and load factor are positively significantly associated with business risk disclosure while government ownership impact negatively. Further ANOVA analysis showed that the highest business disclosure are from Anglo-Saxon airlines/aviation companies and the lowest voluntary business risk disclosure shown by those of emerging markets
Employees’ value creation and value capture. The case of airline industry
Authors: Della Corte Valentina , Del Gaudio Giovanna
Published: February 2017

The aim of this research paper is twofold: first, to verify whether and to what extent employees’ productivity influences firm’s value creation and performance; secondly, if and to what extent employees appropriate part of firm’s value. We focus empirically on a selected sample of firms in airline industry, in order to check if personnel’s productivity creates value, thus contributing to firm performance and sustainable competitive advantage. The reason why we chose this industry is because in this sector operations are critical factors in firm performance
Affirmative action: Pre-implementation criteria, purpose and satisfaction with diversity management
Authors: Reddy Atasha , Parumasur Sanjana Brijball
Published: February 2017

This study assesses employees’ perceptions of the important criteria that need to be in place before the implementation of Affirmative Action, the purpose of Affirmative Action and, their level of satisfaction with the manner in which diversity issues are communicated and managed in the organization. The study was undertaken in a public sector Electricity Department in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The population includes 100 employees in the organization, from which a sample of 81 was drawn using simple random sampling. Data was collected using a self-developed, pre-coded, self-administered questionnaire whose reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results indicate that employees felt that preparing them and managers is imperative for the successful implementation and management of Affirmative action and diversity issues. Whilst employees understood the purposes of Affirmative Action, all employees, irrespective of gender, age, language, tenure and race, are unhappy with the manner in which diversity issues are communicated and managed in the organization
Relationship between audit committee characteristics, external auditors and economic value added (EVA) of public listed firms in Malaysia
Authors: Al-Mamun Abdullah , Yasser Qaiser Rafique , Rahman Md. Ashikur , Wickramasinghe Ananda , Nathan Thurai Murugan
Published: February 2017

Malaysia is a developing economy which is one of the corporate leaders in South East Asian countries. Practicing audit committee is mandatory for public listed firms in Malaysia according to Bursa Malaysia Listing Requirements as well Malaysian Code of Corporate Governance. The purpose of this paper is to examine the association between audit committee characteristics and firm performance among public listed firms in Malaysia. This study employed EVA as performance measurement tool. The sample is 75 firm year observations and covers fiscal years 2008-2010. The study found that audit committee independence is positively associated with firm performance while audit quality is negatively associated in Malaysia. Overall, audit committee characteristics have a positive effect on firm performance. This study contributes to the literature as well as in empirical evidence on audit committee characteristics and firm audit quality. The results suggest that Big 4 firms have a negative impact on value based measure in Malaysia.
A review of causes of school dropouts in BRICS countries: A South African case
Authors: Ngwakwe Collins C.
Published: February 2017

This paper presents a review of causes of school dropout in BRICS countries – Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. This review is apposite considering that previous literatures have not closely dwelt on such a comparative stance, but given that this group of countries have some economic interest in common, that also translates to social development, it is thus pertinent to review similarities in their school dropout factors. Insight from the literature indicates that school dropout in BRICS countries is an amalgam of closely related factors that culminate to learners dropping out of school. These factors include inter alia, poverty, disability, family configuration, orphan-hood, teenage pregnancy, drug abuse, lack of effective teaching method, poor academic performance, and child labour. The paper goes beyond the review and evaluates the relationship between school dropout, government education expenditure and poverty in South Africa. The result indicates that a combination of poverty and low government expenditure on education may aggravate school dropout. This thus suggests that government education expenditure should be formulated to effectively accommodate the rural poor communities
Is it really a bonding, an avoidance, or a characteristics choice? An analysis of foreign listing on low versus high investor protection markets
Authors: Abdallah Abed AL-Nasser , Abdallah Wissam
Published: February 2017

We investigate the difference in the characteristics of firms that cross-list on high versus low investor protection markets. We find that civil law firms that cross-list on common law markets have higher growth rate, larger size and lower turnover pre cross-listing than their counterparts that cross-list on civil law markets. Also, we find that common law firms that cross-list on common law markets are larger and have a lower volume turnover than those that cross-list on civil law markets. Both groups experience a significant increase in their growth after cross-listing on common law markets. We also report that firms which have poor accounting standards, poor performance, are small in size, and from civil law countries are likely to cross-list on the US unregulated exchanges
Comply or explain’ in Belgium, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and the UK: Insufficient explanations and an empirical analysis
Authors: Galle Annika
Published: February 2017

This study analyses the level and quality of the application of the comply or explain principle for listed companies in Belgium, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and the UK. Although the comply or explain principle has nowadays become a central element in the corporate governance of the EU, a common understanding of the scope and necessary conditions for it to work effectively has not yet been achieved. This study explains the comply or explain principle from the perspective of the economic theory (legitimacy theory and theory on market failure) and is the first study of the application of the principle in which consecutive years are analysed for multiple countries simultaneously with one research method. In previous research the quality of the explanations for the code provisions not complied with and the explanatory factors have often been overlooked, while these are the key elements of the current European debate. In this study 237 annual accounts for the years 2005-2007 are analysed for five countries. The results show that company size and the period of time the comply or explain principle has been applicable in a country predict the level and quality of compliance. Although the level of code compliance is high, the quality of the explanations for code provisions not complied with is insufficient. Further fine-tuning of the comply or explain principle is necessary to achieve the most effective application in order to make the principle work in practice as intended
Agency conflicts and the wealth effects of proxy contests
Authors: Bhabra Gurmeet Singh , Wood Chris
Published: February 2017

We examine the shareholder wealth impact of proxy contests and find that over the three years preceding the contest, target stock prices significantly underperform their industry peers. In addition, consistent with the monitoring role of proxy contests, the announcement and full contest periods result in a positive stock price reaction suggesting that the market views the initiation of a proxy contest as good news. Interesting differences emerge between firms in which dissidents win seats and those where they do not win seats. While target firm stock prices appreciate for all firms at the announcement, such wealth gains are permanent only for the subsample of targets which not only are afflicted with elevated levels of agency problems but also make significant reduction in discretionary expenditures. When dissidents do not win seats, no attempt to reduce agency costs is apparent, and as a result, these firms experience a sustained wealth loss over the years surrounding the contest. The steps taken to reduce agency costs primarily in firms in which dissidents win seats suggests that proxy contests fulfil their intended role of disciplining the board and improve firm performance.
Viscosity and structure evolution of the SiO2-MgO-FeO-CaO-Al2O3 slag in ferronickel smelting process from laterite
Authors: Lv X.M. , Lv X.W. , Wang L.W. , Qiu J. , Liu M.
Published: February 2017

The SiO2 fractions in laterite-nickel ores are quite high, thus certain
amount of lime should be used as fluxing material to achieve good fluidity
and desulfurization capacity in industrial smelting process. However, this
operation leads to an additional cost of lime. In addition, the increase of
slag volume decreases the effective furnace volume. To avoid such problem,
partial reduction of FeO has been suggested. Therefore, the high SiO2, low
MgO and FeO and very little CaO slag is formed, which was less studied in the
previous literature. Therefore, the viscosity and slag structure are
investigated in the present study through FT-IR and Raman analysis methods.
Experimental results show that the slag is a mixture of liquid and solid
phases under the experimental temperature. The FT-IR and Raman spectra show
that the fractions of the complex polymerization structure decrease
significantly with the increase of FeO content and slag basicity, resulting
in the decrease of apparent viscosity.
Mediation Matters: Archetypes of Transference
Authors: Forst Graham Nicol
Published: February 2017

This interdisciplinary article examines how cultural archetypes reflect the universal human desire to heal the trauma of the Fall. These archetypes are explored here as they appear in politics, aesthetic philosophy, literature (particularly drama), opera, and religion. The main archetypes examined are those of the “gap” (the abyss between natural and spiritual man opened at the Fall) and the “bridge” (the means by which man attempts to span this “gap”). The central focus is on Western philosophy and literary and opera narrative.
Keep on Rockin’ in a (Plastic-)Free World: Collective Efficacy and Pro-Environmental Intentions as a Function of Task Difficulty
Authors: Reese Gerhard , Junge Eva
Published: February 2017

Collective efficacy—the belief that one’s group is capable of affecting relevant aspects of its environment—has been highlighted as an important predictor of sustainable behavior. It increases people’s collective action tendencies, and is important for fostering environmental behavioral change beyond self-efficacy beliefs. The current study addresses two primary goals. First, we tested whether the difficulty of a task increased collective efficacy, and thereby environmental intentions. Second, we explored how collective and self-efficacy in concert predict such intentions. In a combined field-and-survey study, 165 voluntary participants took part in a plastic reduction challenge that was pretested as easy, moderate, or difficult. After being confronted with the task, participants completed an online questionnaire in which, among other variables, specific and general self-efficacy, collective efficacy, and pro-environmental intentions were measured—both general and plastic-reduction specific. Results revealed that (a) collective efficacy was significantly stronger when task difficulty was moderate rather than easy or difficult; and (b) that through specific collective and self-efficacy perceptions, sustainable intentions were gauged—even when controlling for attitudes and social norms. These findings suggest that collective efficacy beliefs are particularly relevant for attaining environmental goals that are neither too easy nor too difficult, and could thus be valuable for communication and policy strategies.
Fan Loops Observed by IRIS, EIS, and AIA
Authors: Ghosh Avyarthana , Tripathi Durgesh , Gupta G. R. , Polito Vanessa , Mason Helen E. , Solanki Sami K.
Published: February 2017

A comprehensive study of the physical parameters of active region fan loops is presented using the observations recorded with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrometer (IRIS), the EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on board Hinode, and the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) and the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The fan loops emerging from non-flaring AR 11899 (near the disk center) on 2013 November 19 are clearly discernible in AIA 171 Å images and in those obtained in Fe viii and Si vii images using EIS. Our measurements of electron densities reveal that the footpoints of these loops are at an approximately constant pressure with electron densities of

cm−3 at

(O iv), and

cm−3 at

(Si x). The electron temperature diagnosed across the fan loops by means of EM-Loci suggest that two temperature components exist at

and 5.95 at the footpoints. These components are picked up by IRIS lines and EIS lines, respectively. At higher heights, the loops are nearly isothermal at

, which remained constant along the loop. The measurement of the Doppler shift using IRIS lines suggests that the plasma at the footpoints of these loops is predominantly redshifted by 2–3 km s−1 in C ii, 10–15 km s−1 in Si iv, and 15–20 km s−1 in O iv, reflecting the increase in the speed of downflows with increasing temperature from

to 5.15. These observations can be explained by low-frequency nanoflares or impulsive heating, and provide further important constraints on the modeling of the dynamics of fan loops.
Interplay of Electron and Proton Instabilities in Expanding Solar Wind
Authors: Yoon Peter H. , Sarfraz M.
Published: February 2017

Protons and electrons observed in the solar wind possess temperature anisotropies for which upper and lower bounds appear to be partially regulated by marginal conditions associated with various kinetic plasma instabilities. Such features are most clearly seen when a collection of measurements is plotted as a two-dimensional histogram in

phase space. While the partial outer boundaries of such data distribution may well be explained by various instability threshold conditions, an outstanding issue is that the majority of data points are actually located sufficiently away from the boundaries and reside in near isotropic conditions. This implies that certain processes are operative that counteract the adiabatic effect in the radially expanding solar wind, without which solar wind plasma will inexorably be forced to proceed toward the marginal firehose condition. A number of physical processes have been proposed in the literature to explain such a feature. The present paper suggests yet another mechanism. It considers dynamic electrons and protons in the quasilinear evolution of anisotropy-driven instabilities, which is in contrast to previous studies where either protons or electrons are assumed to be stationary when considering the dynamics of the other particle species. It is shown that the dynamical interplay between the two species during the quasilinear development of parallel electron firehose and proton–cyclotron instabilities leads to a counter-balancing effect, which prevents the uniform progression of the solar wind protons toward the marginal firehose state.
The Grism Lens-amplified Survey from Space (Glass). IX. The Dual Origin of Low-mass Cluster Galaxies as Revealed by New Structural Analyses
Authors: Morishita Takahiro , Abramson Louis E. , Treu Tommaso , Vulcani Benedetta , Schmidt Kasper B. , Dressler Alan , Poggianti Bianca M. , Malkan Matthew A. , Wang Xin , Huang Kuang-Han , Trenti Michele , Bradač Maruša , Hoag Austin
Published: February 2017

Using deep Hubble Frontier Fields imaging and slitless spectroscopy from the Grism Survey from Space, we study 2200 cluster and 1748 field galaxies at

to determine the impact of environment on galaxy size and structure at stellar masses

, an unprecedented limit at these redshifts. Based on simple assumptions—

—we find no significant differences in half-light radii (r

e
) between equal-mass cluster or field systems. More complex analyses—

—reveal local density (Σ) to induce only a 7% ± 3% (95% confidence) reduction in r

e
beyond what can be accounted for by U − V color, Sérsic index (n), and redshift (z) effects. Almost any size difference between galaxies in high- and low-density regions is thus attributable to their different distributions in properties other than environment. Indeed, we find a clear color–r

e
correlation in low-mass passive cluster galaxies (

) such that bluer systems have larger radii, with the bluest having sizes consistent with equal-mass star-forming galaxies. We take this as evidence that large-r

e
low-mass passive cluster galaxies are recently acquired systems that have been environmentally quenched without significant structural transformation (e.g., by ram pressure stripping or starvation). Conversely, ∼20% of small-r

e
low-mass passive cluster galaxies appear to have been in place since

. Given the consistency of the small-r

e
galaxies’ stellar surface densities (and even colors) with those of systems more than ten times as massive, our findings suggest that clusters mark places where galaxy evolution is accelerated for an ancient base population spanning most masses, with late-time additions quenched by environment-specific mechanisms mainly restricted to the lowest masses.
Fading AGN Candidates: AGN Histories and Outflow Signatures∗
Authors: Keel William C. , Lintott Chris J. , Maksym W. Peter , Bennert Vardha N. , Chojnowski S. Drew , Moiseev Alexei , Smirnova Aleksandrina , Schawinski Kevin , Sartori Lia F. , Urry C. Megan , Pancoast Anna , Schirmer Mischa , Scott Bryan , Showley Charles , Flatland Kelsi
Published: February 2017

We consider the energy budgets and radiative history of eight fading active galactic nuclei (AGNs), identified from an energy shortfall between the requirements to ionize very extended (radius > 10 kpc) ionized clouds and the luminosity of the nucleus as we view it directly. All show evidence of significant fading on timescales of ≈50,000 yr. We explore the use of minimum ionizing luminosity Q
ion derived from photoionization balance in the brightest pixels in Hα at each projected radius. Tests using presumably constant Palomar–Green QSOs, and one of our targets with detailed photoionization modeling, suggest that we can derive useful histories of individual AGNs, with the caveat that the minimum ionizing luminosity is always an underestimate and subject to uncertainties about fine structure in the ionized material. These consistency tests suggest that the degree of underestimation from the upper envelope of reconstructed Q
ion values is roughly constant for a given object and therefore does not prevent such derivation. The AGNs in our sample show a range of behaviors, with rapid drops and standstills; the common feature is a rapid drop in the last ≈2 × 104 yr before the direct view of the nucleus. The e-folding timescales for ionizing luminosity are mostly in the thousands of years, with a few episodes as short as 400 yr. In the limit of largely obscured AGNs, we find additional evidence for fading from the shortfall between even the lower limits from recombination balance and the maximum luminosities derived from far-infrared fluxes. We compare these long-term light curves, and the occurrence of these fading objects among all optically identified AGNs, to simulations of AGN accretion; the strongest variations over these timespans are seen in models with strong and local (parsec-scale) feedback. We present Gemini integral-field optical spectroscopy, which shows a very limited role for outflows in these ionized structures. While rings and loops of emission, morphologically suggestive of outflow, are common, their kinematic structure shows some to be in regular rotation. UGC 7342 exhibits local signatures of outflows <300 km s−1, largely associated with very diffuse emission, and possibly entraining gas in one of the clouds seen in Hubble Space Telescope images. Only in the Teacup AGN do we see outflow signatures of the order of 1000 km s−1. In contrast to the extended emission regions around many radio-loud AGNs, the clouds around these fading AGNs consist largely of tidal debris being externally illuminated but not displaced by AGN outflows.
Dust-deficient Palomar-Green Quasars and the Diversity of AGN Intrinsic IR Emission
Authors: Lyu Jianwei , Rieke G. H. , Shi Yong
Published: February 2017

To elucidate the intrinsic broadband infrared (IR) emission properties of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), we analyze the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of 87 z ≲ 0.5 Palomar-Green (PG) quasars. While the Elvis AGN template with a moderate far-IR correction can reasonably match the SEDs of the AGN components in ∼60% of the sample (and is superior to alternatives such as that by Assef), it fails on two quasar populations: (1) hot-dust-deficient (HDD) quasars that show very weak emission thoroughly from the near-IR to the far-IR, and (2) warm-dust-deficient (WDD) quasars that have similar hot dust emission as normal quasars but are relatively faint in the mid- and far-IR. After building composite AGN templates for these dust-deficient quasars, we successfully fit the 0.3–500 μm SEDs of the PG sample with the appropriate AGN template, an infrared template of a star-forming galaxy, and a host galaxy stellar template. 20 HDD and 12 WDD quasars are identified from the SED decomposition, including seven ambiguous cases. Compared with normal quasars, the HDD quasars have AGNs with relatively low Eddington ratios and the fraction of WDD quasars increases with AGN luminosity. Moreover, both the HDD and WDD quasar populations show relatively stronger mid-IR silicate emission. Virtually identical SED properties are also found in some quasars from z = 0.5 to 6. We propose a conceptual model to demonstrate that the observed dust deficiency of quasars can result from a change of structures of the circumnuclear tori that can occur at any cosmic epoch.
Large-scale Cosmic-Ray Anisotropy as a Probe of Interstellar Turbulence
Authors: Giacinti Gwenael , Kirk John G.
Published: February 2017

We calculate the large-scale cosmic-ray (CR) anisotropies predicted for a range of Goldreich–Sridhar (GS) and isotropic models of interstellar turbulence, and compare them with IceTop data. In general, the predicted CR anisotropy is not a pure dipole; the cold spots reported at 400 TeV and 2 PeV are consistent with a GS model that contains a smooth deficit of parallel-propagating waves and a broad resonance function, though some other possibilities cannot, as yet, be ruled out. In particular, isotropic fast magnetosonic wave turbulence can match the observations at high energy, but cannot accommodate an energy dependence in the shape of the CR anisotropy. Our findings suggest that improved data on the large-scale CR anisotropy could provide a valuable probe of the properties—notably the power-spectrum—of the interstellar turbulence within a few tens of parsecs from Earth.
The Lifetimes of Phases in High-mass Star-forming Regions
Authors: Battersby Cara , Bally John , Svoboda Brian
Published: February 2017

High-mass stars form within star clusters from dense, molecular regions (DMRs), but is the process of cluster formation slow and hydrostatic or quick and dynamic? We link the physical properties of high-mass star-forming regions with their evolutionary stage in a systematic way, using Herschel and Spitzer data. In order to produce a robust estimate of the relative lifetimes of these regions, we compare the fraction of DMRs above a column density associated with high-mass star formation, N(H2) > 0.4–2.5 × 1022 cm−2, in the “starless” (no signature of stars ≳10

forming) and star-forming phases in a 2° × 2° region of the Galactic Plane centered at ℓ = 30°. Of regions capable of forming high-mass stars on ∼1 pc scales, the starless (or embedded beyond detection) phase occupies about 60%–70% of the DMR lifetime, and the star-forming phase occupies about 30%–40%. These relative lifetimes are robust over a wide range of thresholds. We outline a method by which relative lifetimes can be anchored to absolute lifetimes from large-scale surveys of methanol masers and UCHII regions. A simplistic application of this method estimates the absolute lifetime of the starless phase to be 0.2–1.7 Myr (about 0.6–4.1 fiducial cloud free-fall times) and the star-forming phase to be 0.1–0.7 Myr (about 0.4–2.4 free-fall times), but these are highly uncertain. This work uniquely investigates the star-forming nature of high column density gas pixel by pixel, and our results demonstrate that the majority of high column density gas is in a starless or embedded phase.
Dense Molecular Gas Tracers in the Outflow of the Starburst Galaxy NGC 253
Authors: Walter Fabian , Bolatto Alberto D. , Leroy Adam K. , Veilleux Sylvain , Warren Steven R. , Hodge Jacqueline , Levy Rebecca C. , Meier David S. , Ostriker Eve C. , Ott Jürgen , Rosolowsky Erik , Scoville Nick , Weiss Axel , Zschaechner Laura , Zwaan Martin
Published: February 2017

We present a detailed study of a molecular outflow feature in the nearby starburst galaxy NGC 253 using ALMA. We find that this feature is clearly associated with the edge of NGC 253's prominent ionized outflow, has a projected length of ∼300 pc, with a width of ∼50 pc, and a velocity dispersion of ∼40 km s−1, which is consistent with an ejection from the disk about 1 Myr ago. The kinematics of the molecular gas in this feature can be interpreted (albeit not uniquely) as accelerating at a rate of 1 km s−1 pc−1. In this scenario, the gas is approaching an escape velocity at the last measured point. Strikingly, bright tracers of dense molecular gas (HCN, CN, HCO+, CS) are also detected in the molecular outflow: we measure an HCN(1–0)/CO(1–0) line ratio of

in the outflow, similar to that in the central starburst region of NGC 253 and other starburst galaxies. By contrast, the HCN/CO line ratio in the NGC 253 disk is significantly lower (

), similar to other nearby galaxy disks. This strongly suggests that the streamer gas originates from the starburst, and that its physical state does not change significantly over timescales of ∼1 Myr during its entrainment in the outflow. Simple calculations indicate that radiation pressure is not the main mechanism for driving the outflow. The presence of such dense material in molecular outflows needs to be accounted for in simulations of galactic outflows.
Impact of a Locally Measured H0 on the Interpretation of Cosmic-chronometer Data
Authors: Wei Jun-Jie , Melia Fulvio , Wu Xue-Feng
Published: February 2017

Many measurements in cosmology depend on the use of integrated distances or time, but galaxies evolving passively on a timescale much longer than their age difference allow us to determine the expansion rate H(z) solely as a function of the redshift–time derivative dz/dt. These model-independent “cosmic chronometers” can therefore be powerful discriminators for testing different cosmologies. In previous applications, the available sources strongly disfavored models (such as ΛCDM) predicting a variable acceleration, preferring instead a steady expansion rate over the redshift range 0 ≲ z ≲ 2. A more recent catalog of 30 objects appears to suggest non-steady expansion. In this paper, we show that such a result is entirely due to the inclusion of a high, locally inferred value of the Hubble constant H
0 as an additional datum in a set of otherwise pure cosmic-chronometer measurements. This H
0, however, is not the same as the background Hubble constant if the local expansion rate is influenced by a Hubble Bubble. Used on their own, the cosmic chronometers completely reverse this conclusion, favoring instead a constant expansion rate out to z ∼ 2.
The BRAVE Program. I. Improved Bulge Stellar Velocity Dispersion Estimates for a Sample of Active Galaxies
Authors: Batiste Merida , Bentz Misty C. , Manne-Nicholas Emily R. , Onken Christopher A. , Bershady Matthew A.
Published: February 2017

We present new bulge stellar velocity dispersion measurements for 10 active galaxies with secure M
BH determinations from reverberation mapping. These new velocity dispersion measurements are based on spatially resolved kinematics from integral-field (IFU) spectroscopy. In all but one case, the field of view of the IFU extends beyond the effective radius of the galaxy, and in the case of Mrk 79 it extends to almost one half the effective radius. This combination of spatial resolution and field of view allows for secure determinations of stellar velocity dispersion within the effective radius for all 10 target galaxies. Spatially resolved maps of the first (V) and second (σ
⋆) moments of the line of sight velocity distribution indicate the presence of kinematic substructure in most cases. In future projects we plan to explore methods of correcting for the effects of kinematic substructure in the derived bulge stellar velocity dispersion measurements.
Optical and Near-infrared Study of Nova V2676 Oph 2012
Authors: Raj A. , Das R. K. , Walter F. M.
Published: February 2017

We present optical spectrophotometric and near-infrared (NIR) photometric observations of the nova V2676 Oph covering the period from 2012 March 29 through 2015 May 8. The optical spectra and photometry of the nova have been taken from SMARTS and Asiago; the NIR photometry was obtained from SMARTS and Mt. Abu. The spectra were dominated by strong H i lines from the Balmer series, Fe ii, N i, and [O i] lines in the initial days, typical of an Fe ii type nova. The measured FWHM for the Hβ and Hα lines was 800–1200 km s−1. There was pronounced dust formation starting 90 days after the outburst. The J − K color was the largest among recent dust-forming novae.
Technologies for Food, Health, Livelihood, and Nutrition Security
Authors: Khader Vijaya
Published: February 2017

Intervention of various technologies to improve the food and nutritional status of the population proved the following facts: Promotion of malt based small scale food industry not only provides opportunity for rural women to develop entrepreneurship and employment, but also provides food and nutritional security through income generation. Several technologies were developed under NATP like value addition to fish and prawn products, artificial pearl culture, processing of salted fish, which helped the self help group women of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu to improve their economic status. Received two patents and licensed the technology which helped the women to reduce their drudgery and also preserve the fresh fish for a longer time without getting spoiled. Product development can be taken as income generating activity in the rural areas by the illiterate women. Products can be included in supplementary feeding programs in order to improve the nutritional status of the vulnerable groups of the population. The horse gram which is commonly used for cattle feed can be diversified for human consumption with less investment. Mothers as well as Anganwadi workers preferred amylase rich supplementary foods which reduced Grade 3 and grade 4 malnutrition in Preschool children significantly. The studies revealed that spawn multiplication can be done by women as a co-operative venture and mushroom cultivation can be undertaken at household level as an income-generating activity. Introducing red palm oil is beneficial to overcome vitamin A deficiency. Impact of women's supplementary income on family's nutritional status showed that the supplementary income of women has a positive impact on the socioeconomic status of the family. This impact is particularly felt on the food and nutrient intake of the family contributing towards food and nutrition security.
Using Modeling and Simulation to Learn Mathematics
Authors: Rodríguez Gallegos Ruth
Published: February 2017

In this chapter, we present a specific approach on how to teach math through mathematical modeling and simulation. The literature review is presented from the Math Education Community and the advantages for the students using this approach focuses on how to apply Math in their professional lives. We also introduce a framework of reference on using matching technology to help the students make some transitions in the modeling cycle. Several examples from a course in an undergraduate program are shown and we develop some conclusions for basic education and for high school level. Previous research studies developed from a qualitative point of view have helped to demonstrate the potential use of this approach for students to achieve better understanding of this science.
Understanding Quality of Statistics in News Stories
Authors: Martinisi Alessandro
Published: February 2017

The quality of statistical information is a critical aspect underlying the success, or the failure, in fulfilling the objectives both of official statistics and of journalistic inquiry. According to the available literature, the quality of statistics is generally assessed by, and based on, five dimensions: Relevance, Accuracy, Timeliness, Accessibility and Coherence. Such assessment puts the users'/readers' viewpoints in the forefront, particularly when they dealing with statistical information as disseminated in news stories. This chapter is a theoretical approach to the issues involved in the audience's and user's views on the quality of statistical information. This chapter tries first to contextualise and problematise the notion of “quality”, both in statistical information and in journalism practice. It concludes with general remarks about the need for an efficient approach and new methods of examining how quality of statistics is understood in news stories.
The Uses of Science Statistics in the News Media and on Daily Life
Authors: Brandao Renata Faria
Published: February 2017

Statistical information as part of news reports of science is intended to legitimate the accounts of evidence based on peer-reviewed data. Indeed, the persuasive power of numbers can be seen in newsrooms as it supports and validates arguments (Boyle, 2000; Eberstadt, 1995; Goldacre, Bad Science, 2009; Hacking, 1965; Livingston & Voakes, 2005; Lugo-Ocando & Brandão, 2015). Nonetheless, these mathematical abstractions can also be used as a means to misinform the public (Huff, 1954; Moore, 1997). This chapter, thus, seeks both to understand how journalists use scientific statistics as a means to communicate current scientific research as well as how the public decodes this information. It proposes to address the construction of scientific statistics by journalists and its deconstruction by the public at large through a cross-Atlantic comparison of the uses of mathematics in science news and on daily life.
Security in Network Layer of IoT
Authors: Balamurugan B. , Biswas Dyutimoy
Published: February 2017

The internet of things (IoT) is an imminent model in the field of wireless telecommunications. It is also considered as a third wave of information technology after the Internet and mobile communication. Basically, IoT is a wireless interconnected network of variety of objects such as radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, sensors, actuators, mobile phones and other types of wireless devices. It has extensible application in the areas such as public security, infrastructure development, modern agriculture, environment protection, urban management, healthcare, enhanced learning, and business service, among others. IoT is a self-configuring wireless network of sensors where the primary goal of establishing connection is to offer interconnectivity of various objects. The concept of IoT was coined by the Auto-Id center of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1999
Mechanisms to Secure Communications in the IoT
Authors: Bilami Azeddine , Sahraoui Somia
Published: February 2017

The maturity of the IoT depends on the security of communications and the protection of end-user's privacy. However, technological and material heterogeneities, and the asymmetric nature of communications between sensor nodes and ordinary Internet hosts, make the security in this case more problematic. Major problem facing the large deployment of IoT is the absence of a unified architecture and a lack of common agreement in defining protocols and standards for IoT parts. Many solutions have been proposed for the standardization of security concepts and protocols in IoT at different layers. Even though many advances and proposals were made for IoT adaptation as IPv6 for Low Power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN), and at application layer with protocols such as XMPP, MQTT, CoAP, etc., security of the IoT remains a very challenging task and an open research topic. This chapter focuses on existing protocols and different proposed mechanisms in literature to secure communications in the IoT.
Actor Effect
Authors: Başal Bilgen
Published: February 2017

A few advertising masters shaped the advertising industry and each pioneered distinctly different principles of advertising. Legendary advertising masters in advertising history - each with a distinctive style and discourse, created advertising narration on different issues. Albert Lasker created narration on salesmanship in print and reason-why advertising, Claude Hopkins on scientific advertising and pre-emptive claim, John Emory Powers on honesty and plain speaking copywriting, John Wanamaker on retailing, consumerism and effectiveness of advertising, William Bernbach on simplicity, originality and creativity of advertising perception, David Ogilvy on brand image, big idea and creative salesmanship, Leo Burnett on common touch, dramatic realism in advertising and visual imagery icons. By focusing on the story of some great advertising legends mentioned above, this study tries to examine how they have defined and shaped advertising history into the exhilarating one and how they have revolutionized the way business sells its products and consumers perceive the brands.