bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STATE AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING SYSTEM
Authors:   SSI ", Melnyk Sergii ,   Institute of Educational Analytics"
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the development of the national education and training system for the period of the country’s independence. Using statistical, comparative and monographic methods, factor and system analysis the key achievements during the formation of the national education and training system were identified, they consist primarily of the formation of legislative, institutional, personnel, financial and material support. The main problems that need to be addressed as a matter of priority are identified, namely, the low level of participation in the education and training of employers and other key stakeholders (professional associations, trade unions and other civil associations); imbalance of volumes of the supply and demand of experts and skilled workers within different fields of studies in the national and regional labor markets; difficulties in creating a new national qualifications system, etc. The most significant factors causing respective issues have been identified, in particular demographic, socio-economic, migration and political ones. New problems of political nature, advantages and disadvantages of authorities, relevant institutions, social partners of different levels in the process of modernization of the education and training system are considered in detail. Four scenarios are proposed (transformation, when the education and training system gradually adapts to changes in the economy and the labor market; modernization, which involves a systematic transformation of the educational sector using a clearly defined model, usually similar to European systems and framework qualifications; reformation, meaning that the most successful model of the market of skills and qualifications with its many components is «imported» to the maximum extent; author’s own approach). The general conclusion is to propose that the relevant decision-making bodies utilize the author’s approach, which provides for: maximum consideration of developments and regulators in the field of education and training in Ukraine; redistribution of certain functions and funding spent by certain central executive bodies, subordinate public institutions, the National and branch academies of sciences, etc., under a single collegial governing body; creating institutional support for a new model of the regulatory framework for education and training on the principle of public-private partnership, i.e. attracting available resources of stakeholders and their maximum coverage.
绿色建筑工程管理的关键问题分析
Authors: 黑 亚磊
Published: May 2021

近些年来绿色建筑已经得到了广泛的推广，因此要想进一步推动绿色建筑发展应不断强化管理工作，并对其中的关键问题进行分析，通过有效的管理工作来提高绿色建筑工程建设品质，从而为绿色建筑工程发展创建更加广阔的空间。
地铁盾构隧道掘进中的同步注浆施工技术
Authors: 黄 彦鑫
Published: May 2021

近年来，我国综合国力在多方面利好因素的影响下得到了显著的提升，从而为各个领域的发展壮大带来了诸多的机遇。当前在地铁工程项目中，盾构法因为具有良好的实用性所以被人们大范围的加以运用，盾构法在地铁工程中所表现出来的优越性只要是促进了施工效率的显著提升，并且对工程周边环境造成的污染较少。盾构法是当前城市地下交通工程项目中使用最为频繁的一种方式，在提升工程施工效率和质量方面具有重要的影响作用。经过对盾构施工方法的实践运用进行全面的研究分析我们发现，对岩体结构造成影响因素主要有刀盘切削以及盾构机的震动，并且管片以及岩体之间存在诸多的裂缝，极易引发结构沉降的情况出现，从而会导致工程施工过程中遇到诸多的危险问题。这篇文章主要围绕地铁盾构隧道掘进过程中同步注浆施工技术展开全面深入的研究分析，希望能够对我国地铁工程行业的稳步健康发展有所帮助。
建筑深基坑支护工程的施工技术
Authors: 武 磐敬 , 李 舟
Published: May 2021

建筑行业在发展的过程中也给城市建设提供了动力，这样国家也给建筑施工技术具体应用提出更高的要求，建筑行业在进行施工过程中也应对施工技术使用过程进行规范，从而保证施工技术使用效果，提高工程建设质量。现阶段，深基坑支护技术被广泛应用到建筑工程施工中，但是操作流程相对复杂且对技术人员要求相对较高，在使用后可以保证建筑工程安全。深基坑支护技术在使用后不仅可以提高建筑工程的稳定性、安全性同时可以提高工程整体建设质量，因此应大力推广使用。
连续刚构桥单薄壁桥墩与双薄壁桥墩比较分析
Authors: 吕 士军
Published: May 2021

连续刚构桥在竖向荷载作用下，梁的弯矩通常比同等跨径连续梁或简支梁小，其跨越能力大于普通梁桥。因此，预应力混凝土刚构桥是目前大跨径桥梁的主要桥型。连续刚构桥桥墩常用型式有双薄壁墩与单薄壁墩两种型式。文中对西藏某三跨连续刚构桥的桥墩型式进行了比较分析。本桥的设计与建成为同类桥梁的建设提供一定经验和借鉴。
基于BIM技术的工程造价精细化管理探析
Authors: 韩 亮 , 王 江
Published: May 2021

当前建筑工程造价管理受到现代信息技术的影响，逐渐朝着精细化的管理方向发展。BIM技术作为典型的现代信息技术，在提高造价工作水平、造价准确性方面有着重要作用。当前在工程设计、质量管理、造价管理等多方面都开始广泛地应用BIM技术。BIM软件能够将工程量计算的准确性提高，能够高效准确地计算各种数据，可以对各项参数进行灵活调整。为此，工作人员要明确造价精细化管理中BIM技术的优势，进一步加大BIM技术应用的力度。
建筑工程外墙保温技术及施工要点
Authors: 王 杰
Published: May 2021

建筑行业在发展的过程中应认识到节能环保工作的重要性，可以有效避免建筑工程施工过程中环境污染问题。现阶段，各城市建筑工程建设数量逐渐增加，因此应对环保技术及材料进行进一步研发与发展。例如在进行给工程建设过程中为了进一步降低能耗的使用量应采用节能技术进行外墙保温施工，不仅可以达到环境保护要求同时可以提升墙体保温效果，实现建筑行业节能减排绿色发展目标。
电镀镍故障的原因与排除研究
Authors: 张 国良
Published: May 2021

在文章的分析过程中，主要针对电镀镍过程中出现表面发黑、粗糙，以及分散能力较差的故障进行详细的分析，并基于此提出相应的解决措施。可以有效的利用赫尔槽试验的方式，对其除杂剂的添加量进行确定，之后便可以很好的解决故障问题。
THE EDUCATIONAL USE OF SOCIAL NETWORKING WEBSITES: FROM PROMISE TO REALITY
Authors: Pribeanu Costin
Published: May 2021

The platforms supporting social networking activities on the Internet are applications for the creation, sharing and exchange of user-generated content that manifests in various forms. Users can freely express their ideas and opinions, and have opportunities to launch and participate in collaborative projects and virtual communities. Facebook (FB) is a social networking website featuring an explosive growth in the last years and an increased popularity among university students. For example, the number of Facebook users in Romania was 8.5 million in June 2016 (Facebrands.Ro, 2015) out of which 33% are young people of 15-24 years old. Recent research on the Facebook use shows that Romanian university students have large Facebook networks and spend a lot of minutes per day (Pribeanu & Lamanauskas, 2016). The social networking websites are challenging the university students to broaden their horizon and enlarge their social networks. The shift of paradigm towards social learning brings in front various activities such as: meetings, active participation, critical thinking, information and content sharing, collaboration, and debate. Last but not least, Facebook is favoring the informal education: students learn to be, to act, and to participate in a learning community (Brown & Adler, 2008). Although the main usage of Facebook is related to socialization (Madge et al., 2009), the social networking acts as a vehicle for spreading out information and knowledge as well as a stimulus for the engagement with various curricular and extra-curricular activities.
LEADERSHIP PERCEPTIONS AND COMPETENCIES OF DEPUTY PRINCIPALS
Authors: Goksoy Suleyman
Published: May 2021

The research aims to determine the leadership levels the deputy principals feel, their perceptions of their personal features and the environment of the organization in which they demonstrate leadership role. In the research, case study method from qualitative research methods was used. The data were collected by one of the qualitative data collection tools; interviewing. The data were analysed with descriptive analysis techniques. The following results were obtained in the research: Deputy Principals consider themselves as leaders in terms of personal features and behaviours. The competencies of deputy principals in terms of leadership are; technical competencies, interpersonal competencies, conceptual and cognitive competencies. The aspects that deputy principals think that they need to improve and enhance are; human relations, determinedness, consistency, sensitivity, talkativeness and hurriedness. According to research results, it is found that deputy principals are of the opinion that schools have the centralist, inflexible, disaggregated, officialised and non-creative features of the organizational structure in terms of institution, culture, legislation and management.
Key words: case study, deputy principals, leadership roles and attitudes, leadership competencies.
THE CHALLENGES OF ADULT EDUCATION POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN MOZAMBIQUE
Authors: Manuel Alzira , Popov Oleg
Published: May 2021

The current socio-economic development in Mozambique is characterized by growing social inequalities, in particular concerning the imbalanced access to education and the increased poverty of women and the unemployed. Adult education is a way to provide youth and adults with opportunities to improve their knowledge and skills. Through education they can gain power and they can learn how to cope with social and economic challenges. The purpose of this research is to examine how far policies concerning adult education, especially with respect to Non-Formal Vocational Education and Training (NFVET) are implemented. The research is qualitative in nature, based on document analysis with a focus on the policies that have guided the implementation of adult education and training in Mozambique during the period 2000-2015. The findings reveal that Mozambique has been strongly influenced by international initiatives within the framework of ‘Education for all’ and ‘Education for development’. There is an apparent need to strengthen policy implementation strategies, particularly in the area of NFVET in order to ensure the real empowerment of learners and teachers. Key words: adult education, activity theory, power and development.
Estudio sobre el centro histórico de la Habana Vieja.
Authors: Arceo Martínez Arlette , Malvarez Cuello Adriel , Vázquez Alfonso Yasser , Velastegui López Luis Efraín
Published: May 2021

El desarrollo turístico, y la repercusión en los diferentes niveles del entorno, constituyen una actividad económica que merece ser observada y medida con extrema precisión para una proyección acertada hacia escenarios futuros. Los destinos turísticos, contenedores de gran cantidad de recursos y atractivos, son una de las formas más complejas dada su definición como máximo nivel del producto turístico territorial. El centro histórico de La Habana Vieja, bajo esta condición ostenta ciertas peculiaridades que lo convierten en un destino consolidado y con marcada tendencia al crecimiento de su demanda turística. Sin embargo, y a pesar de su nivel de explotación, presenta características que podrían favorecer aún más el desarrollo favorable del destino.
Análisis de las normativas tributarias 2020, en aplicación con las microempresas de la ciudad de Cuenca.
Authors: Becerra Molina Edison , Neira Cedeño Miguel Ángel
Published: May 2021

Este artículo se basa en el proyecto de investigación denominado “Estudio para determinar la importancia de la información contable y financiera ante la incertidumbre del Covid-19, en la MIPYMES en el entorno de los negocios en la Región 6, en el caso concreto nuestro estudio se asienta en el análisis de las nuevas obligaciones tributarias, con génesis en la ciudad de Cuenca de los contribuyentes de las MIPYMES, sobre la aplicación de la Ley Orgánica de Simplificación y Progresividad Tributaria y su reglamento, se incluyen también a emprendedores que cumplan con la condición de microempresas, según lo establecido en el Código Orgánico de la Producción, Comercio e Inversiones. Por su parte pertenecerán a este catastro siempre que no se encuentren dentro de las limitaciones previstas en la normativa. El propósito de este estudio es determinar el comportamiento de los contribuyentes y cuál será su efecto, ya que tienen que acumular los recursos que necesitarán para pagar sus obligaciones tributarias, durante los primeros días del mes de enero del 2021, consecuencia de los ingresos del ejercicio fiscal del 2020, y la tarifa del 2% de los ingresos totales por ventas que se les imponen, independientemente de los resultados del ejercicio fiscal. Forman parte del régimen microempresarial, cuyo ingreso anual o ingreso total sea igual o menor a US$ 300.000.00, y que cuenten con hasta 9 trabajadores a la fecha de publicación del catastro, para dicha categorización, prevalecerá el monto de ingresos sobre la condición de número de trabajadores, la administración tributaria también incluye a pequeños empresarios, empresarios, personas naturales o personas obligadas o no a llevar contabilidad, y sociedades con ingresos totales iguales o menores a las cifras ya mencionadas estipuladas en el nuevo régimen. Para calcular el tamaño de la muestra el entorno se lo realizo a una población objetiva en la ciudad de cuenca, de manera que se efectuó un criterio de selección, inclusión y exclusión de las cuales 100 personas aceptaron, entre ellas empresarios, microempresarios, personas naturales obligadas a llevar contabilidad, personas naturales no obligadas a llevar contabilidad, mediante un ambiente aleatorio, para de esa manera conocer su opinión sobre la normativa y resoluciones emitiditas por el Servicio de Rentas Internas.  La metodología utilizada en el estudio se describe a partir del análisis bibliográfico, y la aplicación del instrumento del cuestionario, que permitió revisar, analizar, diagnosticar y determinar los efectos que pueda propiciar. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que es necesario una actualización al Catastro y Reforma de la Ley Orgánica de Simplificación y progresividad Tributaria, con respecto a establecer una excepción al pago del impuesto del 2% sobre las ventas en el caso de los Microempresarios que registren pérdidas en el periodo fiscal.
Violência contra o idoso no ambiente familiar em capital do nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Aragão Janaina Arruda , Santos Nailde Melo , Galvão Ana Patrícia Fonseca Coelho , Marinho Rita de Cassia Oliveira , Santos Frederico Bianchini Joviano dos , Brandão Luzinete Pontes , Aguiar Josuel Alves , Lopes Gilvado de Jesus Pinheiro , Pimentel Clice Cunha de Sousa , Oliveira Karla Conceição Costa , Cunha Bruna Rayana Santos , Costa Alinne Silva Andrade , Costa Andrea Suzana Vieira , Aragão Francisca Bruna Arruda
Published: May 2021

A violência praticada contra o idoso cresce desproporcionalmente e encontra-se inserida no convívio familiar. Isso porque ela acontece de maneira mascarada, por vínculos consanguíneos, desencadeando mudanças físicas, psicológicas e sociais. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de analisar, por meio de revisão de literatura, as principais violências contra o idoso no ambiente familiar. Trata- se de uma revisão integrativa, realizada nas bases de dados Scientific Eletronic Library Online (Scielo), Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (BVS) e Google Acadêmico. Foram pesquisados 63 artigos publicados, entre os anos de 2015 á 2020 que analisaram casos ocorrido em São Luis-MA. Após rigorosa seleção com base nos critérios de inclusão foram analisados apenas 10 artigos. Durante a pesquisa constatou-se que a violência sofrida pelo idoso no ambiente familiar em em São Luis-MA foi categorizada em tipos de agressão e motivos da agressão. Concluiu-se com esse trabalho que existe uma carência sobre esse assunto considerando-se a necessidade de intervenções mais abrangentes, aspectos primordiais para organizar e ponderar políticas públicas de proteção e valorização da pessoa idosa.
Interaction between bark extract of Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil (Griseb.) Altschul with antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Authors: Nascimento Pérola Paloma Silva do , Ferraz-Carvalho Rafaela de Siqueira , Silva Thaís Soares da , Araújo Thiago Antônio de Sousa , Amorim Elba Lúcia Cavalcanti de , Pereira Marcela Araújo , Cavalcanti Isabella Macário Ferro
Published: May 2021

Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil (Griseb.) Altschul, a plant often found in areas of the Caatinga in northeastern Brazil, is widely used in unconventional medicine for the treatment of infections and inflammations. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of A. colubrina bark extracts against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical isolates, to investigate if intact and regenerated bark extracts have the same effect against MRSA and to determine the interaction between these extracts and antibiotics. The antibacterial activity was performed by the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and the interaction assay was performed by the checkerboard method. A. colubrina extracts showed bacteriostatic activity (MIC = 8-32 mg/L) against MRSA clinical strains and no difference was found in antibacterial activity between intact and regenerated barks, suggesting that even after regeneration, the barks of this species have the same antibacterial activity. Moreover, the in vitro interaction of A. colubrina extracts with ciprofloxacin or erythromycin was additive (FICI = 0.52). Thus, the bark extracts of Anadenanthera colubrina exhibit antibacterial activity and can be used alone or in combination with antibiotics against MRSA clinical isolates.
Vigilância jurídica em saúde: A centralidade do direito sanitário para a materialização do direito constitucional à saúde
Authors: Cotrim Junior Dorival Fagundes , Brito João Paulo Almeida
Published: May 2021

O artigo, construído a partir de uma metodologia exploratória, investiga a possível centralidade do direito sanitário para a materialização do direito constitucional à saúde. Inicialmente delimita-se o direito sanitário, compreendido como direito coletivo e formador de um campo jurídico autônomo, com ênfase na vigilância sanitária, dado o seu caráter de redução de riscos, doenças e agravos. Por isso analisou-se duas leis infraconstitucionais, a Lei Orgânica da Saúde e a Lei da Vigilância Sanitária, para conceituar esse termo; e a Constituição Federal de 1988, a fim de identificar as competências administrativas e legislativas em saúde pública e especificamente em vigilância sanitária. O resultado encontrado é que o Estado só conseguirá cumprir o seu dever constitucional quando estiver dotado de uma instrumentação jurídica sanitária robusta, capaz de materializar o direito à saúde nessa perspectiva pública.
O uso e a inter-relação da resina composta e do cimento ionômero de vidro (CIV) nas restaurações sanduíches
Authors: Medeiros Francielly de Lemos , Dias Brenno Anderson Santiago , Silva Geovanna Caroline Brito da , Mendes Jefferson Lucas , Alves Layla Narrely Santos , Vasconcelos Marcelo Gadelha , Vasconcelos Rodrigo Gadelha
Published: May 2021

Introdução: A técnica sanduíche é um procedimento que combina o cimento de ionômero de vidro (CIV) com a resina composta (RC) com a finalidade de obter as melhores propriedades físico-mecânicas e estéticas de cada um. Objetivo: realizar uma revisão literária sobre a utilização desse método nas restaurações diretas e analisar como ocorre a interação entre os dois materiais. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma busca da literatura publicada entre 2010 a 2021 nas bases de dados PubMed/Medline, SciELO, Lilacs e Google Acadêmico, através da utilização de descritores pré-selecionados. Foram incluídos 40 estudos que respeitaram os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Resultados: a associação do CIV a RC traz à restauração direta os benefícios de proteção pulpar, efeito anticariogênico, menor contração de polimerização, maior retenção e melhores propriedades estéticas. Esse método pode ser classificado em aberto, fechado, mediato e imediato, essas variações vão depender, respectivamente, da indicação e da forma de confecção do procedimento. Conclusão: ao realizar o condicionamento ácido da superfície do CIV convencional é preciso ser cauteloso, pois as diferenças nas reações de presa desse material e da RC pode interferir nas propriedades finais da restauração. Já o cimento de ionômero de vidro modificado por resina dispensa esse procedimento. Apesar de alguns estudiosos não sugerirem esse tipo de pré-tratamento, pela possibilidade de promover rachaduras e diminuição da sua força, pesquisas afirmam que a técnica mista pode ser realizada com eficácia ao utilizar tanto sistemas adesivos convencionais como autocondicionantes, pois não foram observadas diferenças significativas na resistência de união ao compará-los.
Influência da vegetação no conforto térmico urbano em município do Sul do Tocantins
Authors: Neres Danillo Lopes , Silva Luma Rafaela Carvalho da , Pereira Miréia Aparecida Bezerra
Published: May 2021

O ambiente urbano deve ser um local onde o conforto do usuário seja alcançado. Em muitos casos, porém, os ambientes urbanos não oferecem condições adequadas de conforto, seja ele térmico, acústico, luminoso ou visual. A cidade em si é uma grande mudança climática, devido às grandes áreas pavimentadas e à diminuição dos espaços verdes, a camada de ar nas áreas urbanas tende a ser mais quente do que nas áreas rurais. Além disso, a atividade humana desenvolvida nas cidades gera profundas mudanças no clima local, que também podem alterar a temperatura e o regime de chuvas na região dessa forma, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a influência da vegetação urbana na temperatura e umidade relativa do ar no município de Gurupi a fim de despertar a possibilidade de propor projetos urbanos e construções com uso de áreas arborizadas.   Para análise e comparação da influência da vegetação nos aspectos de conforto térmico/temperatura e umidade do ar, as medições serão realizadas em cinco áreas na região central do município de Gurupi-TO, para o levantamento de dados, foi utilizado um Termômetro digital com a coleta dos parâmetros ambientais de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar. Quanto aos valores referentes à umidade relativa do ar, a área 01, apresentou média de 36%, área 2, média de umidade em 34%, na área 3, a média ficou em 34%, na área 4 médias 38% e na área 5 médias de 40%. Os resultados permitem auxiliar o planejamento da cidade de Gurupi, podendo ser adotada para proposição de espaços urbanos com maior qualidade de vida para a população.
Impactos psicológicos da pandemia do SARS-CoV-2 na população mundial: Uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Gomes Maria Rosemary da Silva , Silva Lana Almeida , Barbosa Liana Dantas da Costa e Silva
Published: May 2021

O SARS-CoV-2 causador da atual pandemia de covid-19, apresenta-se como um problema para a saúde pública, na qual além das preocupações quanto à saúde física, traz também preocupações quanto ao sofrimento psicológico. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar as evidências científicas acerca dos impactos psicológicos e outras alterações na saúde mental da população brasileira na Pandemia do SARS-CoV-2, identificando os principais fatores que levam à população mundial a desencadear problemas de saúde mental e apresentar estratégias de prevenção e enfrentamento dos impactos psicológicos sofridos pela população mundial na pandemia. O presente estudo trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, na qual a amostra de com 27 artigos foi composta a partir de um levantamento de dados através da busca na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) onde estão indexadas as bases de dados eletrônicas utilizadas na pesquisa: SCIELO (Scientific Eletronic Library Online), LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde), BDENF (Base de Dados da Enfermagem), PubMed (NCBI) e Google Acadêmico, nos anos de 2020 a 2021. Os descritores foram cruzados entre si utilizando o marcador e booleano AND. A coleta foi realizada no período de Agosto a Novembro de 2020. A importância da implementação de estratégias e ou intervenções para que a população tenha acesso à medidas de apoio emocional diante a pandemia do SARS-CoV-2, seja presencial ou online. Levando em consideração as diferentes populações afetadas, recomenda-se lidar com as consequências na saúde mental diante da pandemia e intervenções psicológicas em resposta às necessidades individuais no decorrer do surto pandêmico.
Ceza Muhakemesi Hukukunda Koruma Tedbirlerinin Sınıflandırılması
Authors: TURİNAY Faruk Yasin
Published: May 2021

Temel hak ve hürriyetlere ciddi düzeyde müdahale niteliği taşıyan “koruma tedbirleri” ceza muhakemesi hukukunun önemli konularından biridir. Nitekim 5271 sayılı ve 2005 tarihli Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu, selefi 1412 sayılı Kanunun aksine, “koruma tedbirleri” başlığını taşıyan ayrı bir bölüm içermesinin yanı sıra koruma tedbirlerine ilişkin oldukça ayrıntılı hükümlere yer vermektedir. Ayrıca ceza muhakemesi hukukunun gelişim süreci içerisinde, yakın tarihlerde, yeni koruma tedbirlerinin kabul edildiği görülmektedir. Örneğin 9 Ağustos 2016 tarihinde yürürlüğe giren 6728 sayılı Yatırım Ortamının İyileştirilmesi Amacıyla Bazı Kanunlarda Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Kanun’un 63. maddesiyle değişik 5941 sayılı Çek Kanunu’nun 5. maddesinde düzenlenen çek düzenleme ve çek hesabı açma yasağı bunlardan biridir. Dolayısıyla ceza muhakemesi hukukunda koruma tedbirleri, gerek nicelik gerekse nitelik bakımından, gittikçe çeşitlilik ve önem kazanmaktadır. Kuşkusuz koruma tedbirlerinin söz konusu gelişim sürecinin önemli teorik yansımaları vardır. Bu çalışma, koruma tedbirlerinin sınıflandırılmasına ilişkin olarak ceza muhakamesi hukuku doktrininde ve ceza muhakemesi mevzuatında esas alınan çeşitli kıstasları açıklamayı ve koruma tedbirlerinin sınıflandırılması konusunda yeni kıstaslar önermeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Depletion of Numb and Numblike in Murine Lung Epithelial Cells Ameliorates Bleomycin-Induced Lung Fibrosis by Inhibiting the β-Catenin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Ianni Alessandro , Hofmann Michael , Kumari Poonam , Tarighi Shahriar , Al-Tamari Hamza M , Görgens André , Giebel Bernd , Nolte Hendrik , Krüger Marcus , Salwig Isabelle , Pullamsetti Soni Savai , Günther Andreas , Schneider André , Braun Thomas
Published: May 2021

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) represents the most aggressive form of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and is a highly debilitating disorder with a poorly understood etiology. The lung epithelium seems to play a critical role in the initiation and progression of the disease. A repeated injury of lung epithelial cells prompts type II alveolar cells to secrete pro-fibrotic cytokines, which induces differentiation of resident mesenchymal stem cells into myofibroblasts, thus promoting aberrant deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and formation of fibrotic lesions. Reactivation of developmental pathways such as the Wnt-β-catenin signaling cascade in lung epithelial cells plays a critical role in this process, but the underlying mechanisms are still enigmatic. Here, we demonstrate that the membrane-associated protein NUMB is required for pathological activation of β-catenin signaling in lung epithelial cells following bleomycin-induced injury. Importantly, depletion of Numb and Numblike reduces accumulation of fibrotic lesions, preserves lung functions, and increases survival rates after bleomycin treatment of mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that NUMB interacts with casein kinase 2 (CK2) and relies on CK2 to activate β-catenin signaling. We propose that pharmacological inhibition of NUMB signaling may represent an effective strategy for the development of novel therapeutic approaches against PF.
Identification of Precise Therapeutic Targets and Characteristic Prognostic Genes Based on Immune Gene Characteristics in Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Zhang Zhenxi , Su Jingyu , Li Li , Du Wenjing
Published: May 2021

The tumor microenvironment is an important factor for the immunotherapy of tumor patients. The sequenced transcriptome data can be used to describe the tumor microenvironment and various immune subtypes. We exploited published data on patients with uveal melanoma (UVM) to identify immune subtypes. Based on the immune-related gene sets of 80 patients with UVM in the TCGA database, we used consensus clustering to identify two immune subgroups. In the two immune subtypes, we analyzed clinical characteristics and immune infiltration. Class1 has low immune infiltration, contains memory B cells, Th2 cells, Th17 cells, eosinophils, natural killer cells, and has a better prognosis. Class2 has higher immune infiltration. CD8+ T cells, Th1 cells, MDSCs, and Dendritic cells are enriched in class2, which has strong cytolytic activity, high expression of immune checkpoint genes, and poor outcome. Moreover, we have developed and verified an immune characteristic model that can predict the prognosis of patients well. Through this model, we screened prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) as the therapeutic target of UVM. Treatment of choroidal melanoma cell line (OCM1) cells with celecoxib (an inhibitor of PTGS2) effectively inhibits cell growth, proliferation, and promotes apoptosis. Our results show the immunological heterogeneity of UVM patients and also provide an ideal therapeutic target for the future treatment design of patients.
CGRP Regulates the Age-Related Switch Between Osteoblast and Adipocyte Differentiation
Authors: Li Hang , Qu Jian , Zhu Haihong , Wang Jiaojiao , He Hao , Xie Xinyan , Wu Ren , Lu Qiong
Published: May 2021

Osteoporosis is a chronic age-related disease. During aging, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) display increased adipogenic, along with decreased osteogenic, differentiation capacity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential of BMSC-derived osteoblasts. Here, we found that the level of CGRP was markedly lower in bone marrow supernatant from aged mice compared with that in young mice. In vitro experiments indicated that CGRP promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs while inhibiting their adipogenic differentiation. Compared with vehicle-treated controls, aged mice treated with CGRP showed a substantial promotion of bone formation and a reduction in fat accumulation in the bone marrow. Similarly, we found that CGRP could significantly enhance bone formation in ovariectomized (OVX) mice in vivo. Together, our results suggested that CGRP may be a key regulator of the age-related switch between osteogenesis and adipogenesis in BMSCs and may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of age-related bone loss.
Sinner or Saint?: Nck Adaptor Proteins in Vascular Biology
Authors: Alfaidi Mabruka , Scott Matthew L. , Orr Anthony Wayne
Published: May 2021

The Nck family of modular adaptor proteins, including Nck1 and Nck2, link phosphotyrosine signaling to changes in cytoskeletal dynamics and gene expression that critically modulate cellular phenotype. The Nck SH2 domain interacts with phosphotyrosine at dynamic signaling hubs, such as activated growth factor receptors and sites of cell adhesion. The Nck SH3 domains interact with signaling effectors containing proline-rich regions that mediate their activation by upstream kinases. In vascular biology, Nck1 and Nck2 play redundant roles in vascular development and postnatal angiogenesis. However, recent studies suggest that Nck1 and Nck2 differentially regulate cell phenotype in the adult vasculature. Domain-specific interactions likely mediate these isoform-selective effects, and these isolated domains may serve as therapeutic targets to limit specific protein-protein interactions. In this review, we highlight the function of the Nck adaptor proteins, the known differences in domain-selective interactions, and discuss the role of individual Nck isoforms in vascular remodeling and function.
Immunological Identification and Characterization of the Capsid Scaffold Protein Encoded by UL26.5 of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2
Authors: Li Xueqi , Wang Jianbin , Mou Tangwei , Gao Yang , Wang Lichun , Fan Shengtao , Xu Xingli , Jiang Guorun , Cui Pingfang , Xu Xiangxiong , Duan Suqin , Zhang Jingjing , Li Dandan , Liao Yun , Yu Li , Zhao Heng , Lu Ming , Zhu Hailian , Gu Ran , Zhang Ying , Dong Wei , Li Qihan
Published: May 2021

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2), a pathogen that causes genital herpes lesions, interferes with the host immune system via various known and unknown mechanisms. This virus has been used to study viral antigenic composition. Convalescent serum from HSV2-infected patients was used to identify viral antigens via 2-D protein electrophoresis and immunoblotting. The serum predominantly recognized several capsid scaffold proteins encoded by gene UL26.5, mainly ICP35. This protein has been primarily reported to function temporarily in viral assembly but is not expressed in mature virus particles. Further immunological studies suggested that this protein elicits specific antibody and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in mice, but these responses do not result in a clinical protective effect in response to HSV2 challenge. The data suggested that immunodominance of ICP35 might be used to design an integrated antigen with other viral glycoproteins.
Metabolic Implications of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Process in SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis: Therapeutic Potential of Natural Antioxidants
Authors: Forcados Gilead Ebiegberi , Muhammad Aliyu , Oladipo Olusola Olalekan , Makama Sunday , Meseko Clement Adebajo
Published: May 2021

COVID-19 is a zoonotic disease with devastating economic and public health impacts globally. Being a novel disease, current research is focused on a clearer understanding of the mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis and viable therapeutic strategies. Oxidative stress and inflammation are intertwined processes that play roles in disease progression and response to therapy via interference with multiple signaling pathways. The redox status of a host cell is an important factor in viral entry due to the unique conditions required for the conformational changes that ensure the binding and entry of a virus into the host cell. Upon entry into the airways, viral replication occurs and the innate immune system responds by activating macrophage and dendritic cells which contribute to inflammation. This review examines available literature and proposes mechanisms by which oxidative stress and inflammation could contribute to COVID-19 pathogenesis. Further, certain antioxidants currently undergoing some form of trial in COVID-19 patients and the corresponding required research gaps are highlighted to show how targeting oxidative stress and inflammation could ameliorate COVID-19 severity.
Sex-Based Differences in Autologous Cell Therapy Trials in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: Subanalysis of the ACCRUE Database
Authors: Haller Paul M. , Gyöngyösi Mariann , Chacon-Alberty Lourdes , Hochman-Mendez Camila , Sampaio Luiz C. , Taylor Doris A.
Published: May 2021

Background: Sex-based differences are under-studied in cardiovascular trials as women are commonly underrepresented in dual sex studies, even though major sex-based differences in epidemiology, pathophysiology, and outcomes of cardiovascular disease have been reported. We examined sex-based differences in patient characteristics, outcome, and BM-CD34+ frequency of the ACCRUE (Meta-Analysis of Cell-based CaRdiac studies) database involving patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) randomized to autologous cell-based or control treatment.

Methods: We compared baseline characteristics and 1-year follow-up clinical data: composite major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (primary endpoint), and changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), end-diastolic (EDV), and end-systolic volumes (ESV) (secondary efficacy endpoint) in women and men (N = 1,252; 81.4% men). Secondary safety endpoints included freedom from hard clinical endpoints.

Results: In cell-treated groups, women but not men had a lower frequency of stroke, AMI, and mortality than controls. The frequency of BM-CD34+ cells was significantly correlated with baseline EDV and ESV and negatively correlated with baseline LVEF in both sexes; a left shift in regression curve in women indicated a smaller EDV and ESV was associated with higher BM-CD34+ cells in women.

Conclusions: Sex differences were found in baseline cardiovascular risk factors and cardiac function and in outcome responses to cell therapy.
The Notch Pathway: A Link Between COVID-19 Pathophysiology and Its Cardiovascular Complications
Authors: Breikaa Randa M. , Lilly Brenda
Published: May 2021

COVID-19 is associated with a large number of cardiovascular sequelae, including dysrhythmias, myocardial injury, myocarditis and thrombosis. The Notch pathway is one likely culprit leading to these complications due to its direct role in viral entry, inflammation and coagulation processes, all shown to be key parts of COVID-19 pathogenesis. This review highlights links between the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV2 and the Notch signaling pathway that serve as primary drivers of the cardiovascular complications seen in COVID-19 patients.
Formation-Evolutionary Mechanism Analysis and Impacts of Human Activities on the 20 August 2019 Clustered Debris Flows Event in Wenchuan County, Southwestern China
Authors: Li Yu , Liu Xing-nian , Gan Bin-rui , Wang Xie-kang , Yang Xing-guo , Li Hai-bo , Long Xing-yu , Zhou Jia-wen
Published: May 2021

Characterized by large scale, high frequency, and strong destructiveness, debris flow has become the most noticeable geohazards throughout the world, especially in the mountainous areas of southwestern China. On August 20, 2019, large-scale heavy rainfall pummeled Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, Southwestern China, which resulted in a cluster of debris flows (the “8·20” clustered debris flows event), and caused considerable economic losses (approximately 3.4 billion RMB were lost) and heavy casualties (48,862 people were displaced, 16 people died and 22 people went missing). Based on field investigation, image data interpretation, mechanism analysis, and other methods, this study reveals the formation mechanism, dynamic evolutionary process, and impacts of human activities on the “8·20” clustered debris flows event. Results from a comprehensive analysis indicate that the occurrence of short-term, high-intensity rainfall and the excessive supply of solid material were the main factors that triggered this catastrophic event. With the debris flow flowing into the main river, this event presented an extremely apparent disaster chain effect. It is also found that improper site selection and inadequate design of human activities played a crucial role in the movement process of the debris flow that directly aggravated the losses. Finally, to improve debris flow prediction and prevention, some early warning and mitigation measures are discussed.
The Distribution Coefficients of Major and Minor Elements in Coral Skeletons Under Variable Calcium Seawater Concentrations
Authors: Ram Sharon , Erez Jonathan
Published: May 2021

Coral skeletons are one of the best archives for past ocean seawater (SW) chemistry and isotopes. However, the distribution coefficients of major and minor elements in coral skeletons are not well determined. In this study, we launched an experiment to determine the distribution coefficients of multiple elements in corals’ skeletons by changing Ca concentrations in SW (CaSW). Two scleractinian corals, Pocillopora damicornis and Acropora cervicornis were cultured in modified Gulf of Eilat water (Red-Sea) with CaSW of approximately 10, 15, 20, and 25 mM. After almost three months, the newly grown skeletons were analyzed for the following elements: Li, Na, Mg, K, Sr, and Ba. Their ratios to Ca in the coral skeleton (El/Cacoral) increased linearly with El/CaSW (with R2 values above 0.98), crossing the origin and thus indicating constant distribution coefficient for each element over the experimental range of El/CaSW. The values of DEl were in good agreement with values reported for corals collected in natural seawater. However, differences were observed between the two species, and both were slightly deviating from inorganic aragonite D values. These deviations are well explained by Rayleigh fractionation process in the calcifying fluid (assuming it is mainly seawater). This was observed both for elements with D > 1 (Ba and Sr) and D < 1 (Li, Mg, Na, and K). P. damicornis showed open system behavior (∼20% of its Ca utilized) while A. cervicornis showed more closed calcifying reservoir (∼50% of its Ca utilized). The finding that the distribution coefficients of the six minor and trace elements are constant for a given species, should help in the reconstruction of past seawater chemistry based on multielement measurements in fossil corals. In particular, Na/Cacoral can be used to reconstruct past ocean Ca concentrations and with El/Cacoral ratios for other elements, their concentrations for the Cenozoic can be reconstructed.
Elevation and Volume Changes in Greenland Ice Sheet From 2010 to 2019 Derived From Altimetry Data
Authors: Chen Guodong , Zhang Shengjun , Liang Shenghao , Zhu Jiaheng
Published: May 2021

Long-term altimetry data are one of the major sources to analyze the change in global ice reserves. This study focuses on the elevation and volume changes in the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) from 2010 to 2019 derived from altimetry observations. In this study, the methods for determining surface elevation change rates are discussed, and specific strategies are designed. A new elevation difference method is proposed for CryoSat-2 synthetic aperture interferometric (SARin) mode observations. Through validation with Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) data, this new method is proved to be effective for slope terrains at the margins of the ice sheet. Meanwhile, a surface fit method is applied for the flat interior of the ice sheet where low resolution mode (LRM) observations are provided. The results of elevation change rates in the GrIS from 2010 to 2019 are eventually calculated by combining CryoSat-2 and ATM observations. An elevation change rate of −11.83 ± 1.14 cm·a−1 is revealed, corresponding to a volume change rate of −200.22 ± 18.26 km3·a−1. The results are compared with the elevation changes determined by Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) from 2003 to 2009. Our results show that the overall volume change rate in the GrIS slowed down by approximately 10% during the past decade, and that the main contributor of GrIS ice loss has shifted from the southeast coast to the west margin of the ice sheet.
Global and Spatial Compartmental Interrelationships of Bone Density, Microstructure, Geometry and Biomechanics in the Distal Radius in a Colles’ Fracture Study Using HR-pQCT
Authors: Shiraishi Kazuteru , Burghardt Andrew J. , Osaki Makoto , Khosla Sundeep , Carballido-Gamio Julio
Published: May 2021

Background

Bone parameters derived from HR-pQCT have been investigated on a parameter-by-parameter basis for different clinical conditions. However, little is known regarding the interrelationships of bone parameters and the spatial distribution of these interrelationships. In this work: 1) we investigate compartmental interrelationships of bone parameters; 2) assess the spatial distribution of interrelationships of bone parameters; and 3) compare interrelationships of bone parameters between postmenopausal women with and without a recent Colles’ fracture.

Methods

Images from the unaffected radius in fracture cases (n=84), and from the non-dominant radius of controls (n=98) were obtained using HR-pQCT. Trabecular voxel-based maps of local bone volume fraction (L.Tb.BV/TV), homogenized volumetric bone mineral density (H.Tb.BMD), homogenized μFEA-derived strain energy density (H.Tb.SED), and homogenized inter-trabecular distances (H.Tb.1/N) were generated; as well as surface-based maps of apparent cortical bone thickness (Surf.app.Ct.Th), porosity-weighted cortical bone thickness (Surf.Ct.SIT), mean cortical BMD (Surf.Ct.BMD), and mean cortical SED (Surf.Ct.SED). Anatomical correspondences across the parametric maps in the study were established via spatial normalization to a common template. Mean values of the parametric maps before spatial normalization were used to assess compartmental Spearman’s rank partial correlations of bone parameters (e.g., between H.Tb.BMD and L.Tb.BV/TV or between Surf.Ct.BMD and Surf.app.Ct.Th). Spearman’s rank partial correlations were also assessed for each voxel and vertex of the spatially normalized parametric maps, thus generating maps of Spearman’s rank partial correlation coefficients. Correlations were performed independently within each group, and compared between groups using the Fisher’s Z transformation.

Results

All within-group global trabecular and cortical Spearman’s rank partial correlations were significant; and the correlations of H.Tb.BMD–L.Tb.BV/TV, H.Tb.BMD–H.Tb.1/N, L.Tb.BV/TV–H.Tb.1/N, Surf.Ct.BMD–Surf.Ct.SED and Surf.Ct.SIT–Surf.Ct.SED were significantly different between controls and fracture cases. The spatial analyses revealed significant heterogeneous voxel- and surface-based correlation coefficient maps across the distal radius for both groups; and the correlation maps of H.Tb.BMD–L.Tb.BV/TV, H.Tb.BMD–H.Tb.1/N, L.Tb.BV/TV–H.Tb.1/N, H.Tb.1/N–H.Tb.SED and Surf.app.Ct.Th - Surf.Ct.SIT yielded small clusters of significant correlation differences between groups.

Discussion

The heterogeneous spatial distribution of interrelationships of bone parameters assessing density, microstructure, geometry and biomechanics, along with their global and local differences between controls and fracture cases, may help us further understand different bone mechanisms of bone fracture.
Imaging Beta-Cell Function in the Pancreas of Non-Human Primates Using a Zinc-Sensitive MRI Contrast Agent
Authors: Clavijo Jordan Veronica , Hines Catherine D. G. , Gantert Liza T. , Wang Shubing , Conarello Stacey , Preihs Christian , Chirayil Sara , Klimas Michael , Evelhoch Jeffrey L. , Sherry A. Dean
Published: May 2021

Non-invasive beta cell function measurements may provide valuable information for improving diabetes diagnostics and disease management as the integrity and function of pancreatic beta cells have been found to be compromised in Type-1 and Type-2 diabetes. Currently, available diabetes assays either lack functional information or spatial identification of beta cells. In this work, we introduce a method to assess the function of beta cells in the non-human primate pancreas non-invasively with MRI using a Gd-based zinc(II) sensor as a contrast agent, Gd-CP027. Additionally, we highlight the role of zinc(II) ions in the paracrine signaling of the endocrine pancreas via serological measurements of insulin and c-peptide. Non-human primates underwent MRI exams with simultaneous blood sampling during a Graded Glucose Infusion (GGI) with Gd-CP027 or with a non-zinc(II) sensitive contrast agent, gadofosveset. Contrast enhancement of the pancreas resulting from co-release of zinc(II) ion with insulin was observed focally when using the zinc(II)-specific agent, Gd-CP027, whereas little enhancement was detected when using gadofosveset. The contrast enhancement detected by Gd-CP027 increased in parallel with an increased dose of infused glucose. Serological measurements of C-peptide and insulin indicate that Gd-CP027, a high affinity zinc(II) contrast agent, potentiates their secretion only as a function of glucose stimulation. Taken in concert, this assay offers the possibility of detecting beta cell function in vivo non-invasively with MRI and underscores the role of zinc(II) in endocrine glucose metabolism.
Duplication of the Pituitary Gland (DPG)-Plus Syndrome Associated With Midline Anomalies and Precocious Puberty: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Prezioso Giovanni , Petraroli Maddalena , Bergonzani Michela , Davino Giusy , Labate Marialuisa , Ormitti Francesca , Anghinoni Marilena , Sesenna Enrico , Esposito Susanna
Published: May 2021

Duplication of the pituitary gland (DPG)-plus syndrome is a very rare developmental disorder with few cases described in the literature and characterized by multiple midline and central nervous system malformations. The hypothalamus and hypophysis involvement may be clinically associated with endocrine abnormalities. A 5.9-year-old female child was admitted to our Clinic for premature thelarche and acceleration of growth. DPG-plus syndrome with paired infundibula and pituitary glands was diagnosed after birth, when she appeared small for gestational age and she presented with lingual hypoplasia, cleft palate, right choanal stenosis, nasopharyngeal teratoma, and facial dysmorphisms. Neuroimaging revealed a duplication of the infundibula, the pituitary gland, and the dens of the epistropheus despite surgical removal of a rhino-pharyngeal mass performed at the age of two months. An array-CGH revealed a 2p12 deletion. At our evaluation, bone age assessment resulted advanced and initial pubertal activation was confirmed by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone stimulation test. Hormonal suppression treatment was started with satisfactory results. This case shows that DPG-plus syndrome must be considered in presence of midline and craniofacial malformations and endocrinological evaluations should be performed for the prompt and appropriate management of pubertal anomalies.