bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS): An effective tool to screen undiagnosed diabetes
Authors: Anand Komal , Jain Seema , Chopra Harivansh , Kumar Arun , Singh Ganesh
Published: May 2022

Background: Diabetes is an insidious public health problem. India has the second largest number of adults living with diabetes worldwide (77 million). Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) is a simple, cost-effective and feasible tool for mass screening programme at community level. Aim & Objective: To assess diabetes risk in adults aged 30 years and above and to identify high risk subjects for screening undiagnosed diabetes in an urban population of Meerut. Settings and Design: Community based cross-sectional study. Methods and Material: All adults who were ?30 years of age and non-diabetic were interviewed using pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire for their socio-demographic profile and lifestyle. Fasting Blood glucose of all study subjects were done to screen undiagnosed diabetics. Statistical analysis used: Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Epi Info TM 7.2.3.1 was used. Pearson’s Chi Square were applied. Results: 33.4% were found to have high diabetes risk. Risk of diabetes increases with age. 7.6% of the study subjects were found to be diabetic and were unaware of their diabetic status. Physical inactivity and increasing waist circumference were found to be significantly associated with risk of diabetes. Diabetes risk was also significantly associated with positive family history. Conclusions: Screening and early identification of high risk individuals would help in early diagnosis and treatment to prevent or to delay the onset of diabetes mellitus and its complications.
Stress, Coping Strategies and Social Support as Predictors of Mental Health of Police Personnel of North India
Authors: Singh Shweta , Gupta Bandna , Mishra Premchandra
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The profession of a police personnel is extremely stressful.  Coping strategies and social support are known to be robust buffers of stress Objective: To study Stress, Coping Strategies and Social Support as Predictors of Mental Health of Police Personnel of Uttar Pradesh, North India. Method: This was a cross-sectional study comprising of 300 male police personnel. Assessment was done using Occupational Stress Questionnaire, Brief COPE Scale and Mental Health Inventory. Multiple Regression Analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: Ambiguity stress, the belonging and appraisal support are found to be the strongest predictor of mental health of constables. Stress in the area of organizational structure, the appraisal support and maladaptive coping strategies are essential predictors of mental health of inspectors. Beside this, social support, belonging support, appraisal support and active coping are significant predictor of mental health of Officers.
Assessment of Drinking Water Quality in Mogadishu, Somalia
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Abrar University, Somalia, Elmi Abdishakur Abdikafi , Sheikh Ali Abdullahi Mohamed ,   Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Abrar University, Somalia
Published: May 2022

The drinking water quality assessment in Mogadishu, the capital and most populous city of Somalia was evaluated in this study. The data were obtained in the year 2019 and subjected to laboratory tests in the Mumtaz Engineering service. Hydro chemical analyses were conducted on twelve samples from six different regions located in Mogadishu with graphical representation of the minimum, maximum and average values of all parameters measured. Coupled with this is the calculation of the Water Quality Index (WQI) for the six regions. One of the main findings of the study revealed that the groundwater from all the regions except for region one is not fit to drink. When a comparison was made across all regions, four regions had a very high TDS above the WHO limit, while two regions had a high EC above the WHO limit. This study recommended that there is a need for proper handling and management of groundwater in the regions with a high concentration of evaluated parameters to avoid bioaccumulation in human tissues through in-take of polluted waters.
Environmental and Socio-Economic Impact of Mining on Operational Communities in Tonkolili District Northern Sierra Leone
Authors:   Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Ernest Bai Koroma University of Science and Technology, Magburaka, Sierra Leone, Ahmed Kanu Ibrahim , Thullah Alpha ,   Agro-Tourism Unit, Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Makeni, Sylvanus Koroma Campus, Yoni, Sierra Leone, Titus Sesay Musa ,   School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
Published: May 2022

Sierra Leone is a resource-rich country with mining being one of the main economic activity in the country. Mining operations has yielded mixed results across the country with the provision of employment opportunities, and revenues generation on one hand, and severe social, economic, and environmental impacts on the other hand. The present study investigates the environmental and socio-economic impacts of mining on local communities in Northern Sierra Leone. The overriding objectives were to assess local perception of the environment and socio-economic impacts of mining in their communities. To achieve this, 50 respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The result revealed that 80% of the study participants stated that mining has created employment opportunities in contrast to 20% who stated otherwise. With regard to the impact of mining on livelihood, 70% of the respondents mentioned that mining operations have positively impacted their livelihood but 30% had an opposing view with some of them mentioning that mining has exacerbated the rate of loss of agricultural land and loss of other livelihood strategies. Mining has caused a wide array of environmental problems in the operational communities including land degradation, loss of land cover, water pollution, and siltation or sedimentation of water bodies. Thus, the government of and the other relevant authorities in Sierra Leone should enforce mining laws and policies to ensure that (1) operational communities benefit from mining proceeds, and (2) mining companies comply with their corporate social responsibilities and reduce the environmental, and social cost associated with their operations. Furthermore, environmental awareness campaigns should be strengthened in the affected communities targeting mining companies and artisanal miners alike on the need for environmental protection and sustainability.
A Review on Implementation of Strategic Management in Saudi Arabia Construction Companies Towards Achieving Sustainable Development Goals
Authors:   Department of Engineering Management, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia, Bagader Abdulmalik , Sultan Basel ,   Department of Engineering Management, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
Published: May 2022

Construction industry in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is going through a peek which can drive construction companies to adopt new strategies. This construction boom is a chance that cannot be missed by construction companies specially with 2030 Vision of KSA Mega projects such as Neom, and Redsea, therefore construction companies should take advantage of the opportunity leading to profitable contribution to the successful achievement of the sustainable development goals. The focus of this study is to identify the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for construction companies and then highlight the internal strength and weaknesses with the external opportunity and threats, towards best strategic management practice of the construction industry companies in KSA as a case study. The process will start with a literature review to identify performance factors of the construction industry in KSA, after conducting surveys results to rank the factors upon on their criticality. As result this review illustrates the research gap on construction industries on towards achieving sustainable development goals particularly in KSA’s construction companies.
A Survey of Traditional Chinese Drinking Games
Authors: Wan Yao , Dechsubha Thawascha
Published: May 2022

China has a long history of wine-brewing. Traditional Chinese drinking games are a unique and mysterious part of the Chinese drinking culture. In this paper, we deal with the development of Chinese wine first, and then we take big events as reference to uncover the history of the traditional Chinese drinking games chronologically. After introducing the representative drinking games from each dynasty, it could help people understand the general development of the traditional Chinese drinking games. The results show: (1) the Chinese wine-brewing origins from the saccharomycetes, matures in Tang and Song Dynasties, and popularizes in Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties. (2) The first traditional Chinese drinking game is pitch-pot, and it emerges in the later of Spring and Autumn Period. Its system grows mature in the Tang Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty is a united period for the collection of traditional Chinese drinking games.
Considering factors that leads to sustainability of Small and Medium Enterprises in Ghana using PESTEL and theories of entrepreneurship as a measuring tool
Authors: Amoako Seth , Boateng Elvis
Published: May 2022

This study was intended to identify factors that lead to the sustainability of small and medium enterprises in Ghana using PESTEL and theories of entrepreneurship as a measuring tool and also made appropriate recommendations for readdressing. The study seeks to solve the problem of high pay to employees, a process that Small and Medium Enterprise face to access the loan and relatively high income to the employee. To enumerate various sources of funds available to SME's in Ghana and to examine the different causes that contribute to the sustainability of small businesses in Ghana, consider the variables that lead to the collapse of new SME's activities, to ascertain the impact of factors that contributes to the sustainability of SME’s in Ghana and to evaluate the PESTEL effect on SME’s in Ghana. Data were obtained through questionnaires from managers and entrepreneurs in Kumasi, Ghana. The sample was selected using quota, stratified and convenient sampling method. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) in the form of tables. The researchers recommended that entrepreneurs or managers of Small Business should be expert in management in all spheres of business endeavor such as funds , human resource etc. for good management contribute to SME's sustainability as well as dealing in good and quality goods or products for quality products contributes to SME's sustainability
The Integration of Kohlberg Moral Development Theory with Education Character
Authors: Nainggolan Mary Monalisa , Naibaho Lamhot
Published: May 2022

This research aims to know the integration of Kohlberg's moral development theory with education character. It was done at Universitas Kristen Indonesia from January to June 2020. The method used in this research is a library study, in the form of research whose objects are literature works, namely scientific journals, books, articles in the mass media, and statistical data. The literature obtained was used as an alternative to answering research problems written by researchers regarding the religious and moral development of elementary-age children. The result of the study is that the implementation of character education following the conditions of the individual moral development stage is a wise effort that educators can make in the dynamics of character education. So, implementing aspects of moral knowing, moral feeling, and moral behaviour as the essence of character education will be easier if educators understand the position and stage of moral development the student is taking place.
Teachers' Attitudes Towards the Teaching of Social Studies in Prestea Huni - Valley Municipality: Taking stance from the Structural Functionalist Theory of Education
Authors: Mensah Ronald Osei , Kwegyiriba Adwoa , Frimpong Agyemang
Published: May 2022

This study sought to examine the attitude of teachers towards the teaching and learning of the Social Studies in Junior High Schools in the Prestea Huni-Valley Municipality. This study sampled 70 participants for the study. Seventy (70) Junior High School social studies teachers were randomly sampled from the Prestea Huni-Valley Municipality. The research was qualitative and descriptive in nature and a self-developed and structured questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. The study was informed by the Structural functionalist theory of education by examining the dominant role of teachers in education. The findings of the study revealed teachers have low status attached to the subject, low morale, and low confidence level in teaching Social Studies among others. The study, therefore, recommends teachers should develop a positive attitude toward the teaching of social studies by exerting confidence in teaching the subject.
"I can't write": problems, factors, and recommendations
Authors: Gorospe Joanne D. , Rayton Ma. Imelda C.
Published: May 2022

Writing is a significant skill whose significance increases when it comes to writing in the English language which is used for global mediation of knowledge. This study explored the problems encountered by students who have difficulty in writing, the factors which could be reasons for these difficulties, and the possible solutions to overcome these. This made use of qualitative research design and employed phenomenological case study framework. After thematic analyses, it was found that the students encountered problems in writing specifically in syntax, grammar, and vocabulary. The students believed that lack of reading and writing practice, lack of ideas, and lack of self-confidence were the factors affecting their writing skills. To address the problems that they encountered in writing, the students recommended increased reading, writing practice, and teacher assistance.
Relationship between burnouts, coping strategies and stress management in health care professionals
Authors: Rus Mihaela , Sandu Mihaela Luminița , Mănescu Marina Alexandra , Stănescu Nina
Published: May 2022

The burnout syndrome is more and more common in scientific research in the country, but also at international level, in different professional categories and hierarchical levels. This research is aimed at medical staff in the Medical-Social Care Unit, nurses and even doctors. A unit established in 2007, which retains the same staff since then, forming a family framework over time, both for employees and beneficiaries, and developing different skills for teamwork. With the pandemic, the rules have become stricter and all staff have been taken out of the comfort zone, which could lead to an imbalance in stress management and put their mark on the emotional state of their employees, thus causing the scholarship. This research covers only one objective, namely the relationship between burnout, cognito-emotional cloning strategies and strategies to manage professional stress, the assumptions being drawn up in turn in the light of the correlation between two variables.
Flexible Learning: Opening Post-School Education in South Africa through Responsive Delivery Options
Authors: Van Wyk Gertrude , Huang Cheng-Wen
Published: May 2022

The Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET) seeks to expand the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) college sector to enrol 2.5 million students by 2030 (DHET 2013). This ambition was revealed at a time just after this sector had almost doubled from a modest 358,000 students in 2010 to 658,000 in 2012 (DHET 2021). Things were looking positive back then. But since reaching a peak enrolment of 738,000 in 2015, the numbers have stagnated and dropped back to 673,000 in 2019 (ibid.). Based on this trajectory, the TVET sector will need to quadruple enrolments over the next eight years to hit the DHET’s 2030 target.
Innovative Culture: Opening Post-School Education in South Africa through Institutional Dynamism
Authors: (COOL) Cases on Open Learning Research Team
Published: May 2022

For open learning to reach its full potential in South Africa’s Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) sector, institutions need to feel confident enough to innovate and experiment with “outside the box” thinking. They need to go beyond the rules and regulations to find solutions that emerge from and best suit their particular contexts. Because, while the national mandates can provide useful guidance, it is through a higher, more ambitious “vision” that institutions can leverage the best of their staff and students.
Pensar la educación desde el ser humano
Authors: Rubí Velasco Armando
Published: May 2022

Reseña de Amilburu, M. G., Bernal, A., y González Martín, M. (2018). Antropología de la educación. La especie educable. Madrid: Síntesis. 204 pp. ISBN: 978-84-9171-244-2
Planeando la convivencia escolar desde la perspectiva del cuidado y el reconocimiento
Authors: Reyes Jaimes Gabriel Renato , Velázquez Reyes Luz María
Published: May 2022

Se exponen los resultados de una intervención pedagógica cuyo objetivo es fortalecer la gestión de la convivencia escolar a través de su integración en los ejercicios de planeación docente, estableciendo desde la cotidianidad las herramientas necesarias para que las docentes participantes promuevan en las alumnas y alumnos de educación primaria, una gestión de la convivencia equilibrada, privilegiando las interacciones intersubjetivas a partir del cuidado (Boff, 1999) y el reconocimiento (Honnet, 1997) como ejes éticos. Para ello, bajo una metodología de investigación acción participativa (IAP), se integró un diagnóstico con información proveniente de cuestionarios y observación no participante, lo cual generó un plan de intervención articulado en torno a estrategias de sensibilización y transformación. Se concluye que planear desde la convivencia escolar para gestionarla no implica hacer más, sino hacerlo distinto, mirar(nos) como sujetos que rompen con el automatismo de las actividades del programa de convivencia. No basta con proponer soluciones ante las problemáticas que genera la violencia en la escuela, si éstas no están acompañadas de acciones, estrategias y dispositivos que formen en los sujetos una manera distinta de ser y estar en el mundo a partir de cuidar y reconocer a los otros.
La estadía en la empresa, el aprendizaje basado en el trabajo en las universidades tecnológicas
Authors: Ruiz Larraguivel Estela
Published: May 2022

Este trabajo tiene como propósito, examinar la influencia de las estadías en las empresas, en la rápida y muy exitosa inserción al empleo que logran los técnicos superiores universitarios (TSU) e ingenieros egresados de las Universidades Tecnológicas (UT). El interés por esta indagación surgió de los sugerentes hallazgos y resultados obtenidos en cuatro investigaciones que se llevaron a cabo entre 2006 y 2018 sobre el empleo, situación laboral y destinos ocupacionales de los graduados de estas instituciones. Tomando en cuenta que las investigaciones se llevaron a cabo en UT localizadas en distintas ciudades y la aplicación de entrevistas en profundidad se hizo a TSU e Ingenieros graduados de diferentes carreras, una visión de conjunto de los resultados obtenidos arroja evidencias muy consistentes sobre la importancia que poseen las estadías en las empresas, en el aprendizaje informal de conocimientos tácitos y habilidades sociales que son estratégicos en la empleabilidad de los egresados. Se concluye que, en las estadías en las empresas, se promueve el aprendizaje en el lugar del trabajo.
Innovar para continuar: la respuesta de los centros de formación para el trabajo ante la pandemia
Authors: Pieck Gochicoa Enrique , Vicente Díaz Martha Roxana
Published: May 2022

Este artículo busca dar cuenta de las implicaciones que ha tenido la pandemia en la oferta de capacitación de los centros de formación para el trabajo (CFT) en México. Parte de una sistematización de doce experiencias significativas y de relatos que recuperan las voces de las personas –instructores, administrativos y directivos– que trabajan en estos centros. La información que se generó brinda luces sobre lo que sucede en este campo: los espacios que están siendo afectados, las condiciones en que operan, así como las innovaciones y alternativas que se han diseñado. Con la pandemia, los CFT se vieron obligados a adaptarse a una nueva manera de impartición de cursos, y a partir de ese momento se empezó a contar una historia distinta. Tuvieron que innovar como una única manera de responder a las nuevas condiciones… innovar para continuar, para hacerse presente y seguir generando oportunidades. Aquí ofrecemos una mirada de lo que les ha significado, cómo lo han vivido y cómo lo cuentan.
Therapeutic Exercise for Musculoskeletal Injuries
Authors: Houglum Peggy A.
Published: May 2022

Therapeutic Exercise for Musculoskeletal Injuries, Fourth Edition, presents foundational information that instills a thorough understanding of rehabilitative techniques. Updated with the latest in contemporary science and peer-reviewed data, this edition prepares upper-undergraduate and graduate students for everyday practice while serving as a referential cornerstone for experienced rehabilitation clinicians. The text details what is happening in the body, why certain techniques are advantageous, and when certain treatments should be used across rehabilitative time lines. Accompanying videos demonstrates some of the more difficult or unique techniques and can be used in the classroom or in everyday practice.

The content featured in Therapeutic Exercise for Musculoskeletal Injuries aligns with the Board of Certification's (BOC) accreditation standards and prepares students for the BOC Athletic Trainers' exam. Author and respected clinician Peggy A. Houglum incorporates more than 40 years of experience in the field to offer evidence-based perspectives, updated theories, and real-world applications. The fourth edition of Therapeutic Exercise for Musculoskeletal Injuries has been streamlined and restructured for a cleaner presentation of content and easier navigation. Additional updates to this edition include the following:
An emphasis on evidence-based practice encourages the use of current scientific research in treating specific injuries.Full-color content with updated art provides students with a clearer understanding of complex anatomical and physiological concepts.40 video clips highlight therapeutic techniques to enhance comprehension of difficult or unique concepts.Clinical tips illustrate key points in each chapter to reinforce knowledge retention and allow for quick reference.

The unparalleled information throughout Therapeutic Exercise for Musculoskeletal Injuries, Fourth Edition, has been thoroughly updated to reflect contemporary science and the latest research. Most chapters contain Evidence in Rehabilitation sidebars that focus on current peer-reviewed research in the field and include applied uses for evidence-based practice. Additional learning aids have been updated to help readers absorb and apply new content; these include chapter objectives, lab activities, key points, key terms, critical thinking questions, and references.
Examination of Musculoskeletal Injuries
Authors: Shultz Sandra J. , Houglum Peggy A. , Perrin David H.
Published: May 2022

Examination of Musculoskeletal Injuries, Fourth Edition, guides current and future athletic trainers and rehabilitation professionals through the examination and evaluation of musculoskeletal injuries both on and off the field. The text presents injury examination strategies in on-site, acute, and clinical settings and provides the information on mastering the skills needed for the Board of Certification examination for athletic trainers as determined by the sixth edition of Athletic Training Role Delineation Study/Practice Analysis for entry-level athletic trainers.

This updated fourth edition contains foundational information on a wide spectrum of injuries and the appropriate tests for examining and diagnosing them. Readers will learn to obtain an accurate injury history from the patient, inspect the injury and related areas, test motion control, palpate both bone and soft tissues, and examine function in order to gauge the player’s readiness to return to play. The fourth edition also includes the following enhancements:
More than 51 short video clips that correspond to and demonstrate evaluation techniques for various musculoskeletal disorders found throughout the text.Full-color photos and medical artwork have been added throughout the text to clarify testing techniques and enhance knowledge of relevant body structures.Substantial updates provide the most recent evidence-based clinical information.An expanded selection of special tests and injury-specific examinations are now presented in a more accessible format and include a photo or video, description of the purpose, patient and clinician positions for the test, procedures performed, and possible outcomes.

The content of Examination of Musculoskeletal Injuries, Fourth Edition, has been restructured and focused to provide applicable information in a straightforward manner. Examination of Musculoskeletal Injuries, Fourth Edition, is an essential resource for students of athletic training and therapy as well as current practitioners in the field who wish to use evidence-based procedures in their clinical practice to ensure safe and accurate diagnoses of injuries.
Promoting Active Lifestyles in Schools
Authors: Harris Jo , Cale Lorraine
Published: May 2022

Promoting Active Lifestyles in Schools presents a holistic perspective on physical activity, exposing teachers to a broad spectrum of curricular and noncurricular opportunities to enhance their pupils’ engagement with physical activity, as well as the tools and resources to do it. Through its research-informed, evidence-based practices built on health-related studies from around the world, this book will help teachers broaden their physical activity promotion in school-based environments. Promoting Active Lifestyles in Schools offers the following:

• Tried-and-true practical learning activities that help pupils of all ages lead healthy, active lifestyles

• Clear explanations of the current thinking and evidence underpinning the practical ideas and activities, helping teachers fully grasp the content and depth of the material

• Developmentally appropriate procedures to monitor children’s health, activity and fitness in school, both as individuals and within a cohort

• Best practices, illustrated through a diverse range of case studies, to help teachers connect with the information and help their pupils apply it in real life

The practical ideas and activities in Promoting Active Lifestyles in Schools will help teachers make a positive difference in the health, well-being and quality of life of their pupils by equipping them with the knowledge, skills, competence and confidence to engage in physically active lifestyles. Schools can use this book to incorporate this important element into the curriculum in a planned and progressive manner that is accessible to all pupils.
Iron from coal combustion particles dissolves much faster than mineral dust under simulated atmospheric acidic conditions
Authors: Baldo Clarissa , Ito Akinori , Krom Michael D. , Li Weijun , Jones Tim , Drake Nick , Ignatyev Konstantin , Davidson Nicholas , Shi Zongbo
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Mineral dust is the largest source of aerosol iron (Fe) to the offshore global ocean, but acidic processing of coal fly ash (CFA) in the atmosphere could be an important source of soluble aerosol Fe. Here, we determined the Fe speciation and dissolution kinetics of CFA from Aberthaw (United Kingdom), Krakow (Poland), and Shandong (China) in solutions which simulate atmospheric acidic processing. In CFA PM10 fractions, 8 %–21.5 % of the total Fe was found to be hematite and goethite (dithionite-extracted Fe), and 2 %–6.5 % was found to be amorphous Fe (ascorbate-extracted Fe), while magnetite (oxalate-extracted Fe) varied from 3 %–22 %. The remaining 50 %–87 % of Fe was associated with other Fe-bearing phases, possibly aluminosilicates. High concentrations of ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), often found in wet aerosols, increased Fe solubility of CFA up to 7 times at low pH (2–3). The oxalate effect on the Fe dissolution rates at pH 2 varied considerably, depending on the samples, from no impact for Shandong ash to doubled dissolution for Krakow ash.
However, this enhancement was suppressed in the presence of high concentrations of (NH4)2SO4. Dissolution of highly reactive (amorphous) Fe was insufficient to explain the high Fe solubility at low pH in CFA, and the modelled dissolution kinetics suggest that other Fe-bearing phases such as magnetite may also dissolve relatively rapidly under acidic
conditions. Overall, Fe in CFA dissolved up to 7 times faster than in a Saharan dust precursor sample at pH 2. Based on these laboratory data, we developed a new scheme for the proton- and oxalate-promoted Fe dissolution of CFA, which was implemented into the global atmospheric chemical transport model IMPACT (Integrated Massively Parallel Atmospheric Chemical Transport). The revised model showed a better agreement with observations
of Fe solubility in aerosol particles over the Bay of Bengal, due to the initial rapid release of Fe and the suppression of the oxalate-promoted dissolution at low pH. The improved model enabled us to predict sensitivity to a more dynamic range of pH changes, particularly between anthropogenic combustion and biomass burning aerosols.
Soil and crop management practices and the water regulation functions of soils: a synthesis of meta-analyses relevant to European agriculture
Authors: Blanchy Guillaume , Bragato Gilberto , Di Bene Claudia , Jarvis Nicholas , Larsbo Mats , Meurer Katharina , Garré Sarah
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Adopting soil and crop management practices that conserve or enhance soil structure is critical for supporting the sustainable adaptation of agriculture to climate change, as it should help maintain agricultural production in the face of increasing drought or water excess without impairing environmental quality. In this paper, we evaluate the evidence for this assertion by synthesizing the results of 34 published meta-analyses of the effects of such practices on soil physical and hydraulic properties relevant for climate change adaptation in European agriculture. We also review an additional 127 meta-analyses that investigated synergies and trade-offs or help to explain the effects of soil and crop management in terms of the underlying processes and mechanisms. Finally, we identify how responses to alternative soil-crop management systems vary under contrasting agro-environmental conditions across Europe. This information may help practitioners and policymakers to draw context-specific conclusions concerning the efficacy of management practices as climate adaptation tools. Our synthesis demonstrates that organic soil amendments and the adoption of practices that maintain “continuous living cover” result in significant benefits for the water regulation function of soils, mostly arising from the additional carbon inputs to soil and the stimulation of biological processes. These effects are clearly related to improved soil aggregation and enhanced bio-porosity, both of which reduce surface runoff and increase infiltration. One potentially negative consequence of these systems is a reduction in soil water storage and groundwater recharge, which may be problematic in dry climates. Some important synergies are reductions in nitrate leaching to groundwater and greenhouse gas emissions for non-leguminous cover crop systems. The benefits of reducing tillage intensity appear much less clear-cut. Increases in soil bulk density due to traffic compaction are commonly reported. However, biological activity is enhanced under reduced tillage intensity, which should improve soil structure, infiltration capacity, and reduce surface runoff and the losses of agro-chemicals to surface water. However, the evidence for these beneficial effects is inconclusive, while significant trade-offs include yield penalties and increases in greenhouse gas emissions and the risks of leaching of pesticides and nitrate.
Chemistry Across Multiple Phases (CAMP) version 1.0: an integrated multiphase chemistry model
Authors: Dawson Matthew L. , Guzman Christian , Curtis Jeffrey H. , Acosta Mario , Zhu Shupeng , Dabdub Donald , Conley Andrew , West Matthew , Riemer Nicole , Jorba Oriol
Published: May 2022

Abstract. A flexible treatment for gas- and aerosol-phase chemical processes has been developed for models of diverse scale, from box models up to global models. At the core of this novel framework is an “abstracted aerosol representation” that allows a given chemical mechanism to be solved in atmospheric models with different aerosol representations (e.g., sectional, modal, or particle-resolved). This is accomplished by treating aerosols as a collection of condensed phases that are implemented according to the aerosol representation of the host model. The framework also allows multiple chemical processes (e.g., gas- and aerosol-phase chemical reactions, emissions, deposition, photolysis, and mass transfer) to be solved simultaneously as a single system. The flexibility of the model is achieved by (1) using an object-oriented design that facilitates extensibility to new types of chemical processes and to new ways of representing aerosol systems, (2) runtime model configuration using JSON input files that permits making changes to any part of the chemical mechanism without recompiling the model (this widely used, human-readable format allows entire gas- and aerosol-phase chemical mechanisms to be described with as much complexity as necessary), and (3) automated comprehensive testing that ensures stability of the code as new functionality is introduced.
Together, these design choices enable users to build a customized multiphase mechanism without having to handle preprocessors, solvers, or compilers. Removing these hurdles makes this type of modeling accessible to a much wider community, including modelers, experimentalists, and educators.
This new treatment compiles as a stand-alone library and has been deployed in the particle-resolved PartMC model and in the Multiscale Online AtmospheRe CHemistry (MONARCH) chemical weather prediction system for use at regional and global scales. Results from the initial deployment to box models of different complexity and MONARCH will be discussed, along with future extension to more complex gas–aerosol systems and the integration of GPU-based solvers.
Unfolding the relationship between seasonal forecast skill and value in hydropower production: a global analysis
Authors: Lee Donghoon , Ng Jia Yi , Galelli Stefano , Block Paul
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The potential benefits of seasonal streamflow forecasts for the hydropower sector have been evaluated for several basins across the world but with contrasting conclusions on the expected benefits. This raises the prospect of a complex relationship between reservoir characteristics, forecast skill, and value. Here, we unfold the nature of this relationship by studying time series of simulated power production for 735 headwater dams worldwide. The time series are generated by running a detailed dam model over the period 1958–2000 with three operating schemes: basic control rules, perfect forecast-informed operations, and realistic forecast-informed operations. The realistic forecasts are issued by tailored statistical prediction models – based on lagged global and local hydroclimatic variables – predicting seasonal monthly dam inflows. As expected, results show that most dams (94 %) could benefit from perfect forecasts. Yet, the benefits for each dam vary greatly and are primarily controlled by the time-to-fill value and the ratio between reservoir depth and hydraulic head. When realistic forecasts are adopted, 25 % of dams demonstrate improvements with respect to basic control rules. In this case, the likelihood of observing improvements is controlled not only by design specifications but also by forecast skill. We conclude our analysis by identifying two groups of dams of particular interest: dams that fall in regions expressing strong forecast accuracy and having the potential to reap benefits from forecast-informed operations and dams with a strong potential to benefit from forecast-informed operations but falling in regions lacking forecast accuracy. Overall, these results represent a first qualitative step toward informing site-specific hydropower studies.
Demonstration of a Fault Impact Reduction Control Module for Wind Turbines
Authors: Anderson Benjamin , Baring-Gould Edward
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Traditionally, wind turbines in distribution applications make control decisions as isolated systems. They generally provide maximum power output during operation and manage internal faults with little consideration of the rest of the power system. Although fault detection and tolerance schemes are widely researched and implemented, controls to ameliorate such faults are uncommon in research and industry. The rapid shutdown of a wind turbine in a large transmission-connected wind plant will have a minimal impact on a large power system, but in a microgrid or isolated grid context the abrupt loss of a single wind turbine may cause grid instability and high stress on the system. This paper demonstrates a fault impact reduction control (FIRC) module for a wind turbine, which implements wider warning thresholds around fault thresholds. When the turbine crosses a warning threshold, the controller sends its predicted action to the grid controller, which facilitates the grid operator’s response to a potential wind turbine fault, and then takes appropriate action to ameliorate the fault. Various test cases demonstrate the controller action under a variety of faults, and various scenarios demonstrate the grid benefit of an FIRC in both microgrid and grid-connected contexts. The FIRC maximizes wind turbine generation and eases generation transition under a variety of fault scenarios. The FIRC module is easy to integrate with the existing controller, and can be easily modified to include the various warnings and thresholds that the user desires. This analysis is mainly performed in a MATLAB-Simulink-based research wind turbine model and is also implemented in the existing LabVIEW-based controller of the same research turbine at NREL.
The role of formative assessment in teaching and learning statistics
Authors:   Michigan State University, Burrill Gail
Published: May 2022

Providing tasks that enable teachers to understand how students are processing concepts allows teachers to shape instruction, plan, adapt, and differentiate, depending on what students need to learn. What does this look like when teaching statistics? This paper presents background on formative assessment and describes a framework for thinking about how it can be enacted in practice. The framework is illustrated by focusing on the nature of statistical tasks that can elicit information about student thinking and on instructional strategies that deliberately provoke such information. The discussion is grounded in work with students in middle school, preservice mathematics education, and inservice elementary teachers, describing the challenges and dilemmas that arose and the strategies employed to overcome these challenges.
One small step for a pupil - one giant leap for citizens
Authors:   Durham University, Nicholson James , Ridgway Jim ,   Durham University, McCusker Sean ,   Durham University
Published: May 2022

OECD has launched its Global Project that aims to develop new measures of the nature and progress of societies and to increase the capability of citizens to understand and use this information. We contend that this needs to be accompanied by a developing programme at school level to equip the next generation to understand relationships in complex data. This paper looks at the current uses of data within the UK curriculum and identifies some barriers to change. We show examples of tasks which offer opportunities for students to work with real, relevant, complex data in ways which develop sought after generic employment skills, such as collaborative working, communication and integration of ICT skills. We believe that this research has important implications for the statistical literacy of both the next generation of citizens and the current adult population.
Process Skills & Statistical Education
Authors:   Nottingham Trent University, Connor Doreen
Published: May 2022

In the UK there is a new National Curriculum where procedural techniques are given much lower prominence and subject content greatly reduced. There is greater emphasis on skills and processes that individuals can use in order make all young people successful learners, confident individuals and responsible citizens. I shall illustrate how this is an opportunity for statistical education to play a greater role both within mathematical education and also in cross curricula dimensions and important personal, learning and thinking skills. Within the mathematics curriculum the key processes have a great similarity to the Statistical Problem Solving Cycle and offer us the incentive to drive statistical education forward. I shall explore ideas and possibilities for ways to engage on the next steps forward. The paper may have a UK emphasis but the vast majority of ideas included are easily transferable to other countries and different school settings.
Learning statistics in the senior school using illustrated real data in context
Authors:   The University of Otago, Harraway John
Published: May 2022

Data generating project work in middle school is a successful component of statistics training at this level. CensusAtSchool, GAISE, CAUSE projects and Statistics New Zealand SURFs also provide data for investigation in middle school and beyond. To motivate students further, real data from current research should be used in the classroom to help take statistics training to the next level. Such data are described. Eleven research projects are presented in DVDs with matching data provided on CDs. Context is outlined, study design and data collection are discussed, and proposals are made for analyses to answer questions. The DVDs, developed for use in 2009, feature illustrated researcher talks. The DVDs and CDs are also available for viewing on the web. A range of studies are described along with tasks to be carried out. Feedback from school teachers and students on relevance of this resource will be discussed.
Large group teaching and technology – don’t throw the baby out with the bathwater.
Authors:   University of Pretoria, Basson Elizabeth
Published: May 2022

The Information Age brings to the teaching and learning environment new capabilities, new opportunities, new language, new work - and skills requirements, new roles and last but not least, a new generation of learners. Teaching in the information age requires that you apply and use technology in an attempt to accommodate these new requirements. Gone are the days that you only talk-and-chalk or flip slides on the overhead projector. But, beware of teaching with all the bells-and-whistles and failing to facilitate real learning. In this presentation I would like to share my experiences of teaching large, culturally diverse groups using technology but sticking to the sound principles of teaching and learning.
The homeless average age 9? A curricular example
Authors:   Bellarmine University, Molnar Adam , Price Jill ,   Mexico (Missouri) Senior High School
Published: May 2022

Is the average age of a United States homeless person nine? No, as the majority of homeless are adults. Yet despite available facts, the claim persists. Evaluating sources related to this claim can form a strong exercise in statistical literacy at college and secondary school levels. This article details our experience in working with this social statistic. It includes background information on homelessness, design considerations, notes from using the exercise in college and high school, and a handout designed for high school use.
Creation and evaluation of a workplace based certificate in official statistics for government policy makers.
Authors:   Victoria University of Wellington, Forbs Sharleen
Published: May 2022

Statistics New Zealand recently developed a pre-university Certificate of Official Statistics aimed at increasing the statistical literacy of government policy advisors. It has four compulsory statistics units taught by academics from several New Zealand universities together with Statistics New Zealand staff, and one optional unit. Student cohorts are kept small and both the learning and assessment is based on real statistical, research, policy and media publications. The assessment is competency based and students can re-sit questions until a satisfactory standard is achieved. The first cohort of students (enrolled in 2007) was used as a pilot and evaluated for the appropriateness of the learning, possible enhancements to assessment questions and the impact of their prior level of statistical knowledge, motivation and management support on the time taken to complete units. The results of this evaluation are given together with the resulting changes made to the Certificate.
What do statisticians working in policy research need from statistical education?
Authors:   Cairo University, Ismail Mohamed , Osman Magued ,   Cairo University
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this paper is to explore to what extent knowledge and skills provided to students majoring in statistics satisfy the expectations of the work environment in policy research centers. A list of items reflecting statistics knowledge and statistical skills as well as soft skills required for researchers working in policy research centers was developed. Then, the list was integrated in a pre-coded questionnaire addressed to junior statisticians working in policy research centers and their managers to measure statisticians' exposure to different items. The results showed a need for improving content of statistical education and indicated a need to emphasize statistical thinking in the cognitive formation of statistics graduates. The dose of statistical methods usually offered in a standard statistics program seems to be adequate and can help statisticians to analyze problems in an evidence-based manner. In addition, the results suggested that statistical education focuses on theoretical concepts rather than their application in real-world issues. Despite the fact that computer skills of statistics graduates are satisfactory, there is a need to improve their ability in conducting statistical analysis using database software.