bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teaching of silver diamine fluoride for the management of dental caries and hypersensitivity – situation in the Southeast Asia dental schools
Authors: He Shuyang , Wu Sicheng , Duangthip Duangporn , Chu Chun Hung , Lo Edward Chin Man
Published: October 2023

Background

Using silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for caries management has raised dentists’ interests in Southeast Asia (SEA). However, information about the teaching of SDF in dental schools in SEA is limited. Therefore, this survey aimed to describe the extent to which SDF had been introduced into the education of undergraduate students in the dental schools in SEA.

Methods

An online questionnaire survey was conducted on the duration, method, contents, and barriers regarding the teaching of SDF. Teachers in charge of undergraduate program in pediatric dentistry and those in community dentistry in all the 90 dental schools in SEA were approached and we required each department to reply once only. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were used to describe and assess the differences between the two departments in the teaching of SDF.

Results

A total of 81 responses from the departments of 49 schools were received, giving a school-level response rate of 54% (49/90). SDF was taught in the undergraduate program in 86% (42/49) of the respondent schools, and 50% (21/42) of these schools had included SDF in the teaching for five or more years. Almost all (98%) of the departments taught SDF through lectures. Furthermore, 55% of them adopted SDF in clinical practice. Regarding the teaching content, the use of SDF for arresting cavitated caries lesion was the most commonly covered (82–97%), followed by for arresting early noncavitated lesions (69–82%), for preventing new caries development (66–79%) and for treating dental hypersensitivity (77%). There were variations in the post-treatment instruction taught. For the departments not teaching SDF, the most common reason (10/19, 53%) was that SDF was not available.

Conclusion

SDF is covered in the undergraduate program in most of the dental schools in SEA. The use of SDF to arrest cavitated caries lesions in primary teeth is usually taught. However, other applications of SDF, such as for prevention of caries and treatment of dental hypersensitivity, are less commonly mentioned in the teaching.
Antibiotic prescription in bone augmentation and dental implant procedures: a multi-center study
Authors: Bazsefidpay Nikoo , Holmqvist Fredrik , Khalil Dalia , Wexell Cecilia Larsson , Hultin Margareta , Nilsson Peter , Lund Bodil
Published: October 2023

Background

Adherence to antibiotic recommendations and safety aspects of restrictive use are important components when combating antibiotic resistance. The primary aim of this study was to assess the impact of national guidelines on antibiotic prescriptions for bone augmentation procedures among dentists working at three specialized clinics. The secondary aim was to assess the occurrence of postoperative infections.

Methods

Medical charts of 400 patients treated with bone augmentation were reviewed: 200 in the years 2010–2011 and 200 in 2014–2015. The Swedish national recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis were published in 2012.

Results

There was a wide variation in antibiotic regiments prescribed throughout the study. The number of patients treated with antibiotic prophylaxis in a single dose of 2 g amoxicillin, and treated as advocated in the national recommendations, was low and decreasing between the two time periods from 25% (n = 50/200) in 2010–2011 to 18.5% (n = 37/200) in 2014–2015. The number of patients not given any antibiotics either as a prophylactic single dose or during the postoperative phase increased (P < 0.001). The administration of a 3-7-days antibiotic prescription increased significantly from 25.5% in 2010–2011 to 35% in 2014–2015. The postoperative infection rates (4.5% and 6.5%) were without difference between the studied periods. Smoking and omitted antibiotic prophylaxis significantly increased the risk of postoperative infection. Logistic regression analyses showed that patient male gender and suffering from a disease were predictive factors for the clinician to adhere to the guidelines.

Conclusions

After introduction of national recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis before bone augmentation procedures, the patient group receiving a single preoperative dose decreased while the group not given antibiotic prophylaxis increased. There was no difference in occurrence of postoperative infections between the two time periods. The results indicate a need for educational efforts and strategies for implementation of antibiotic prudence and awareness among surgeons performing bone augmentation procedures.
Effects of a physical exercise program on HIF-1α in people with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease living at high altitude: study protocol for a clinical trial
Authors: Villamil-Parra Wilder , Cristancho-Mejía Édgar , Ramon Torrella Joan , Mancera-Soto Erica Mabel
Published: October 2023

Background

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic, noncommunicable disease characterized by hypoxemia, with altered lung function, dyspnea on mild exertion, limited tolerance to physical exertion, and functional impairment. Physical exercise has been recommended worldwide as an efficient strategy to improve the autonomy and quality of life of patients affected by COPD. However, the adaptive molecular mechanisms occurring in these patients after the exposure to the hypoxic stimulus triggered by physical exercise have currently not been described in populations living at high altitude.

Methods

The clinical trial we are presenting here consists of a quasi-experimental design with longitudinal analysis of repeated measures, with intra- and inter-group comparisons, measuring primary and secondary variables in 4 temporal points. Participants will be people with a diagnosis of COPD residing at high altitudes (> 2600 m), without oncological, renal, cardiac, or musculoskeletal comorbidities with a low level of physical activity. The intervention will be an 8-week program of physical exercise of resistance and muscular strength (8-WVP) which will be carried out at home. Primary outcome variables will be the expression of HIF-1α, VEGF, and EPO. As secondary outcome variables, we will consider lung function (measured by spirometry), physical performance (measured by ergospirometry and dynamometry), and hematological parameters.

Discussion

The results obtained after the clinical trial proposed here will promote knowledge on the expression of signaling proteins as an adaptive response to hypoxia in people with COPD living at high altitude, which will be relevant because there are not data on this population group. The knowledge generated from the application of this protocol will increase the pathophysiological understanding of the disease and future medical and therapeutic decision-making based on physical exercise prescription.

Trial registration {2a}

NCT04955977 [ClinicalTrials.gov]—NCT04955977 [WHO ICRTP]. First Posted: July 9, 2021.
Engineering geological characteristics and failure mechanics of Jure rock avalanche, Nepal
Authors: Panthee Suman , Dulal Suman , Pandey Vishnu Himanshu Ratnam , Yadav Vikas , Singh Prakash Kumar , Kainthola Ashutosh
Published: October 2023

Introduction

The rock avalanches are a frequent and disruptive phenomenon in the Himalayas and other mountain chains. To minimize future losses, it is essential to investigate the engineering geological causative factors and mechanism of these mass wasting events.

Study area

The present work is aimed at assessing the failure mechanism of the disastrous 2014 Jure rock avalanche along Araniko Highway, Northern Nepal. The event had blocked the Sunkoshi River and blocked an economically significant route to China.

Geotechnical properties and analysis

Initially, rockmass characterization and intact strength attribute were determined for the site to classify the failure zone. The parameters measured and obtained from the field and laboratory were integrated into the analytical models to obtain a conclusive interpretation of the failure mechanism. Structural, kinematic, and key block theory analyses have been carried out for decipher the evolution of the failure zone.

Results and discussion

Rock mass was found to be of fair quality, however, the structural instabilities and the presence of water has led to a progressive failure. Movement of the key block and subsequent sliding of wedges and foot failure appears to be a possible failure mechanism.

Conclusion

The present research explores the contributory engineering geological aspects of the Jure rock avalanche. The investigation results can be used to tackle similar large scale rock avalanches in similar geological terrains and thus minimizing the losses.
Monetary policy transmission channels and the performance of the real sectors in selected sub-Saharan African countries: a system-GMM approach
Authors: Onaga Ifeoma Florence , Arize Augustine C. , Onwumere Josaphat U. J , Kalu Ebere Ume
Published: October 2023

This study investigated the impact of monetary policy channels on the real sector performance in selected sub-Saharan African countries. This study covers the period 1990 to 2020. The broad objective of the study was to examine the impact of monetary policy transmission channels on the real sectors of selected sub-Saharan African countries within the period, 1990–2020. Using the system generalized method of moments (sys-GMMs) amidst other pre-estimation and post-estimation tests, it was discovered that credit and exchange rate channels positively drove agricultural productivity, while interest rate channel exerted a negatively significant influence. Conversely, credit and exchange rate channels were found to negatively affect manufacturing, while interest rate channels had no significant impact on the manufacturing sector. Given the overwhelming impact of monetary policy channels on both the agricultural and manufacturing sectors of the SSA economies, it is recommended that effective monetary policy framework be put in place to continually create positive transmission effect on the real and productive sectors of the economy.
The Impact of Strategic Risks on the Projects of Oil and Gas Company
Authors: Kolesnik A. , Tyul'kina Yu.
Published: October 2023

The article provides the analysis of strategic risks identification practices in Russian and international oil and gas companies. The lack of uniformity in approaches to strategic risks definition and identification processes were indicated during this research. The authors propose a formal approach to identify strategic risks and analyze their impact on the key performance in-dicators of oil and gas projects, based on the chain of strategic risks reflect-ing the causal relationship of its elements: factors of strategic challenges, strategic challenges, strategic threats (prospects), strategic risks (opportu-nities), consequences of strategic risks (opportunities) implementation. The impact of strategic risks on the key performance indicators of oil and gas projects is assessed through the comparison of the consequences after strategic risks implementation and key performance indicators of projects. This approach could be integrated into the risk management system of oil and gas companies at the level of strategic management, highlighting the following steps: collection and systematization of primary information about trends in the external environment; formation of strategic risk chains; impact analysis after strategic risks implementation on the key performance indica-tors of oil and gas projects.
Analysis of structural and age deformations of population - regional aspect
Authors: Yavorska V. , Kudelina S. , Nikolaieva O. , Khomutov V.
Published: October 2023

Structural-age-related changes of the population of Ukraine on the example of the graphic of deformation of a pyramid 2001 year аre considered. It is established that considerable scales of structural deformations: negative deviations in age pyramids, are connected by considerable losses of the population and the corresponding demographic waves. The technique of the quantitative analysis of gender and age pyramids is developed and approved. The reasons of negative and positive deformations both in Ukraine as a whole and in its regions are analyzed. Regions on intensity and amplitude structurally-age deformations are systematized. Three main groups are allocated and as an example one region from each group are characterized. The analysis of structural deformations of the population of Ukraine and its regions is carried out.
Oral health care intervention protocol for older adults at home in dental hygienists: a narrative literature review
Authors: Jang Jong-Hwa
Published: October 2023

Objectives: This study aims to propose a standard protocol for oral health care intervention activities by dental hygienists. Methods: A narrative literature review of home visit oral health care intervention activities reported in Cheonan, South Korea was conducted to enable the proposal of a standard home visit protocol for dental hygienists in the context of community care. Results: Oral health management intervention activities contributed to improving the quality of life, as well as the oral health, of older adults living at home. This was a result of applying a protocol consisting of oral observation, oral massage, expert oral hygiene management, oral muscle function training, and final stages. Conclusions: The visiting oral health intervention protocol was effective in resolving oral health problems of older adults. In the future, customized programs and reimbursement systems should be developed to promote oral health care for older adults that can be provided at home.
Water intake and oral disease symptoms in adolescents: a cross-sectional study conducted in Korea in 2021
Authors: Kim So-Yeong , Lim Sun-A
Published: October 2023

Objectives: Water constitutes a majority of the human body and is essential for health. In addition, water intake can prevent dental caries by improving salivary lubrication and self-cleaning. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the amount of daily water intake and the symptoms of oral disease in Korean adolescents. Methods: We used data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS), conducted in Korea in 2021, and identified the relationship between daily water intake and oral disease symptoms in Korean adolescents. KYRBS is a nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), and a total of 54,848 participants were included in this study. Results: After adjusting for confounding factors, logistic regression analysis showed that tooth pain was more often experienced by those who drank less than two cups of water per day (odds ratio [OR]: 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.30) than those who drank five or more cups of water per day. Conclusions: A low daily water intake is associated with tooth pain, a symptom of dental caries. The results of our study suggest that increasing water intake may reduce dental caries. Therefore, adequate water intake may help prevent dental caries.
A study on oral health and quality of life in patients with hypertension
Authors: Lee Sung-Lim
Published: October 2023

Objectives: This study investigated the oral health and quality of life of patients with hypertension using the raw data of the 8th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the second year (2020) and 1,269 subjects were analyzed. Methods: The data underwent frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, general linear model analysis, and linear regression analysis using SPSS Statistics 26.0. Results: The quality of life (EuroQol-5 dimension: EQ-5D) of patients with hypertension was surveyed at 0.92 points/1 point. Quality of life according to general characteristics showed significant differences in gender (p<0.001), age (p<0.001), household income (p<0.001), and education level (p<0.001). Quality of life according to oral health showed significant differences in chewing discomfort (p<0.001), speaking discomfort (p<0.001), oral examination (p=0.004), toothache experience (p=0.020), subjective oral health (p<0.001) and oral care product use (p=0.006). Factors affecting quality of life were gender, age, household income, education level, chewing discomfort (B=-0.027, p=0.018), speaking discomfort (B=-0.049, p=0.026), toothache experience (B=-0.018, p=0.027) and subjective oral health (B=0.022, p<0.001). Conclusions: Based on the above results, it was confirmed that the oral health of patients with hypertension is a factor influencing the quality of life; thus, it is considered that it will be used as basic data for research on measures to improve oral health and quality of life.
Development of a Korean version of the job expectations scale for dental hygienists
Authors: Jeong Mi-Ae , Kim Hyeong-Mi , Bae Jung-Hee
Published: October 2023

Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a Korean-adapted version of the job expectations scale for dental hygienists. Methods: To achieve this goal, a comprehensive methodology was employed, including frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis (maximum likelihood, direct oblimin rotation), confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach’s α reliability, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA (Duncan post-hoc test) were performed. Results: The Korean version of job expectations scale for dental hygienists comprised 21 items in the personal domain and 5 items in the social domain. The scale demonstrated high construct validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and reliability were found. While dental hygienists were found to have higher expectations in the their personal domain than the social domain, expectations in the social domain were higher among male hygienists, those with a bachelor’s degree or higher, those in regular permanent employment, and those working in hospital-level or higher facilities. Conclusions: Job expectations is a more comprehensive construct than job roles or professional identity. We anticipate that the instrument will be widely used to analyze trends in job expectations in response to changes in societal values regarding to dental hygienists, the gap between realities and ideals within the dental hygiene profession, and policy considerations.
Maternal Allergy Status Has No Impact on Neonatal Immune Responses to Allergen Stimuli
Authors: Lohonková A. , Novotná O. , Petrásková P. , Boráková K. , Prokešová L. , Hrdý Jiří
Published: October 2023

Due to the increasing incidence of allergic diseases, there is a strong need to identify a prognostic marker pointing to increased risk of allergy development allowing introduction of early preventive measures. Cord blood seems to be a good source for searching for such marker. The capacity of cord blood cells to respond to common allergens could point to increased predisposition to later allergy development. In our study, cytokines typical of Th1 (IFN-γ), Th2 (IL-5, IL-13) and Treg (IL-10) immune responses were followed at both the level of gene expression and cytokine secretion in cord blood cells of newborns of healthy mothers (children with relatively low risk of allergy development) and allergic mothers (children with relatively high risk of allergy development) stimulated by allergens (pollen from birch and timothy grass, house dust mite, ovalbumin). We have not observed any difference in the response of cord blood cells of neonates of healthy and allergic mothers to allergen in vitro. Both gene expression and secretion of cytokines in response to allergen stimulation were comparable with the unstimulated controls. It seems that early postnatal events will be more decisive for future allergy development than prenatal sensitization of the foetal immune system with allergen in utero in allergic mothers.
Metronidazole Attenuates the Intensity of Inflammation in Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis
Authors: Seidler Štangová P. , Dusek O. , Klimova A. , Heissigerová J. , Kučera T. , Svozilkova Petra
Published: October 2023

Autoimmune uveitis is a serious sightthreatening disease that in many cases fails to respond to conventional immunosuppressive or biological therapy. Experimental models used in research allow more detailed study of pathogenesis of the autoimmune process and testing new therapeutic strategies. Recent results show that infection can trigger autoimmune diseases, and some commensal microorganisms are essential in causing disease activity. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of broadspectrum antibiotics – combination of metronidazole and ciprofloxacin or metronidazole alone – on the intensity of intraocular inflammation in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). EAU was induced in mouse strain C57BL/6J by interphotoreceptor retinoid- binding protein in complete Freund’s adjuvant and pertussis toxin. The grade of uveitis was assessed clinically and histologically in haematoxylin and eosin- stained tissues. Lymphocytes and macrophages were detected in cryosections using the immunoperoxidase method with antibodies. The therapy was commenced one week before EAU induction and continued throughout the experiment. In addition, metronidazole treatment was also started two weeks before EAU induction. Antibiotics significantly reduced the intensity of uveitis compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The effects of combination of ciprofloxacin and metronidazole and of metronidazole alone were similar when the therapy started one week before EAU induction (P < 0.05). Metronidazole commenced two weeks before EAU induction and throughout the experiment suppressed the intensity of EAU with even higher statistical significance (P < 0.0001). It can be assumed that the high protective effect of metronidazole on EAU intensity may be due not only to its antimicrobial effect, but also to its immunomodulatory activity.
Seasonal diversity & spaciotemporal distribution of fungal endophytes associated with the medicinal plant Coleus forskohlii Briq.
Authors: Crasta Grace Leena , Koteshwar Anandrao Raveesha
Published: October 2023

Fungi that colonize the healthy tissues of the plants without showing any disease symptoms in the host plants are termed as fungal endophytes. The presence of fungal endophytes provides a positive effect on the host’s growth & development and also triggers the production of some essential bioactive compounds in the host. This study was undertaken to isolate, identify and understand the spaciotemporal distribution and seasonal diversity of fungal endophytes associated with the leaf, stem & root of Coleus forskohlii, an important and endangered medicinal plant. Sampling was done for a period of 12 months between May 2020–April 2021. A total of 950 fungal endophytes were isolated from a total of 1680 tissues of the leaf, stem & root of C. forskohlii. The fungi were identified based on their morphological features and some of them were identified by molecular identification by 18S rRNA sequencing. The endophytic isolates belonged to 10 different orders belonging to 3 different classes-Sordariomycetes (Hypocreales, Xylariales, Microascales, Trichosphaeriales, Glomerellales & Sordariales), Dothiomycetes (Pleosporales, Capnodiales, Botryosphaeriales) & Eurotiomyctes (Eurotiales). About 81.26% of the isolates belonged to Ascomycota & 2.63% of the isolates belonged to Mucoromycota. Chaetomium globosum, Collariella bostrychodes, C. robusta, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium chlamydosporum, Sterile hyaline mycelia, Aspergillus niger, Xylaria curta, X. grammica, Mucor circinelloides & Trichoderma harizianum were the frequently isolated species of fungi. C. globosum, C. bostrychodes, C. gloeosporioides, sterile hyaline mycelia &  X. curta were found distributed in all the tissues of the plant. C. forskohlii has thus revealed a rich diversity of fungal endophytes that could be isolated & cultured to yield some pharmacologically important bioactive compounds.
A traumás nyelőcső-perforáció diagnosztikája, kezelési stratégiája egy konzervatívan sikeresen kezelt eset kapcsán
Authors: Andrási Katinka , Stankovics Péter , Kecskés László
Published: October 2023

A traumás nyelőcsősérülések extrém ritkák, és kihívást jelentenek mind
diagnosztikai, mind terápiás szempontból. Az esetbemutatás összefoglalja a
nyelőcső-perforációk etiológiáját, patofiziológiáját is. Egy 36 éves, áthatoló
mellkasi traumát szenvedett férfi beteg akut műtéte során az idegen test
eltávolításra került, ám a korai posztoperatív szakban nyelőcső-perforációra
derült fény. Konzervatív terápia mellett a beteg a sérülést követő 82. napon
panaszmentesen távozott. Tekintve, hogy a traumás nyelőcső-perforáció ritka, és
a betegek mortalitása igen nagy, fontos a megfelelő, gyors döntéshozatal. A
helyes terápiás döntés az áthatoló, súlyos nyelőcsősérülés esetén is akár teljes
gyógyuláshoz vezethet. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(43): 1719–1724.
A hibrid műtő előnyei idegsebészeti műtétek során.
Authors: Németh Tamás , Márkos-Gergely Gellérd , Varga Ádám , Hausinger Péter , Majoros Valéria , Barzó Pál
Published: October 2023

Bevezetés: A szegedi Idegsebészeti Klinikán 2019 novemberében
robotkarral működő angiográfiás készülékkel ellátott hibrid műtő kezdte meg
működését. Célkitűzés: Több mint egyéves tevékenységének
eredményeiről és tapasztalataink alapján a hibrid műtő idegsebészetben történő
alkalmazásának előnyeiről számolunk be. Módszer: 2019. 11. 15.
és 2021. 03. 01. között összesen 576 műtétből 332 neurointervenciós és 244
koponya- és gerincműtét történt. A Siemens ARTIS pheno® készüléket
mint angiográfiás készüléket használva történt a műtőben csak katéteres, csak
sebészi, de számos esetben kombinált ellátás is. Az ARTIS pheno®
készüléket a sokoldalúságának köszönhetően használtuk mint fejlett képalkotó
vizsgálókészüléket is, valamint alkalmaztuk navigációra gerincműtéteknél,
intraoperatív és posztoperatív vizsgálatokra. Megbeszélés: Az
elmúlt hónapok eredménye alapján beavatkozásainkat három kategóriára osztottuk
az adott beavatkozás hibrid műtőben történő elvégzésének szükségessége alapján:
(1) kifejezetten javasolt, (2) ajánlott és (3) előnyös. Kifejezetten
javasolt, amikor mind a két teamnek (sebészi és intervenciós)
együttesen részt kell vennie a műtétben; ajánlott, amikor a két
team nem vesz részt ugyan egyszerre a műtétben, de bármikor szükségessé válhat a
beavatkozásban éppen részt nem vevő team segítsége; továbbá lehet
előnyös, ez a kategória a leggyakrabban a műtéti sebzárás
előtti képalkotó vizsgálat elkészítésének lehetőségét jelenti.
Következtetés: Eddigi tapasztalataink alapján a hibrid műtő
jelentős segítséget nyújt az idegsebészeti ellátásban, számunkra a mindennapi
ellátás részévé vált, ez alapján úgy gondoljuk, hogy nélkülözhetetlen egy
idegsebészeti centrum munkájában. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(43): 1701–1711.
A szemfelszín allergiás és immunpatológiai betegségei
Authors: Módis László , Süveges Ildikó
Published: October 2023

A szemfelszín allergiás és immunpatológiás betegségei gyulladások, amelyek
előfordulhatnak enyhe, de súlyos, látásromlást okozó tünetekkel is. Az allergiás
gyulladások elsősorban a conjunctivát érintik akut és/vagy krónikus
conjunctivitist okozva. Több formáját különböztetjük meg: szezonális allergiás
conjunctivitis, conjunctivitis vernalis, atopiás keratoconjunctivitis,
kontaktallergia, óriás papillaris conjunctivitis. A leggyakoribb a szezonális
forma, amely évszakhoz kötött. Az allergiás szemfelszíni folyamatok lokális
kezelést igényelnek, műkönnyekkel, antiallergiás szemcseppekkel. Komplikációk
előfordulásakor lokális kortikoszteroid- és ciklosporin-kezelés is alkalmazható.
A szemfelszín immunpatológiai gyulladásai szisztémás betegségekhez kapcsolódnak.
A keratoconjunctivitis sicca, bár szisztémás betegség nélkül is előfordul, a
Sjögren-szindróma, illetve kollagénbetegségek gyakori kísérője. Az ocularis
pemphigoid a nyálkahártya-pemphigoidok csoportjába tartozik. A kezdeti
conjunctivitises tünetek után subconjunctivalis fibrosis kezdődik, amely elvezet
a sym- és ankyloblepharon kialakulásához. A végső stádiumban a szemfelszínt
heges kötőszövet fedi be (ocularis cikatrizáló pemphigoid), amely gyakorlatilag
a látás elvesztését jelenti. A perifériás ulcerativ keratitisek általában
kollagén vascularis betegségekhez, rheumatoid arthritishez kapcsolódnak. A
limbus mellett kezdődő, 3–4 mm hosszú, íves beszűrődés kifekélyesedik, majd
perforál, amelyen az iris előeshet. Elsősorban szisztémás kezelés szükséges,
amely interdiszciplináris feladat. Lokálisan kortikoszteroid- és
ciklosporin-szemcseppek adhatók. A cornea perforációjakor amnionfedés és/vagy
keratoplasztika alkalmazható. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(43): 1686–1692.
Significance of the rs754635 variant of the cholecystokinin gene in the development of obesity in children
Authors:   Dnipro State Medical University, Ukraine, Nikulina A.
Published: October 2023

So far, the possible influence of single nucleotide variants (SNV) of the cholecystokinin (CCK) gene on the likelihood of developing obesity and metabolic disorders in children has not been demonstrated. The aim of the study SNV associations of the CSK gene to predict the probability of obesity and personalize the development trajectory of various metabolic disorders associated with obesity in children. Materials and methods. 252 obese children aged 6-18 years were examined. The main group (n=152) was represented by children with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). The control group (n=100) consolidated of children with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). Whole genome sequencing (CeGat, Germany) was performed in 31 children of the main and 21 children of the control group. Serum levels of interleukin-1β were measured using a chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) method, interleukin-6 - by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Synevo, Ukraine. Results. The G allele of SNV rs754635 of the CCK gene was significantly more frequent among children with both MHO (t=10.93; p<0.05) and MUO (t=12.96; p<0.05) compared to healthy individuals. The G allele of SNV rs754635 of the CCK gene was associated with basal hyperglycemia (r=0.44) and impaired carbohydrate tolerance (r=0.33) in the MHO phenotype and with the atherogenicity index of the lipid spectrum (r=0.40) and was inversely correlated with the level of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) (r=-0.58) in children with MUO phenotype, p<0.05. Conclusions. The G allele SNV rs754635 of the CCK gene is associated with obesity and the development of metabolic disorders. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the institution mentioned in the work. Informed consent of parents or their guardians was obtained for conducting research. No conflict of interests was declared by the author.
Investigation of how brands using influencer marketing affect the purchasing decisions of the Z generation in the context of Türkiye
Authors: Fatima Nayab , Erdoğdu Aylin
Published: October 2023

Influencer marketing has significantly altered the way brands connect with their target audience, specifically Generation Z. The aim of this research is to explore how brands using influencer marketing impact the purchasing decisions of Generation Z individuals aged 15 to 25 in Istanbul, Türkiye. Data collection for this study is conducted through a qualitative study approach. A semi-structed questionnaire is used to assess how Generation Z’s perception of an influencer affects how they engage with a brand and how that shapes their buying decision process. The results of this study showed that the attractiveness, integrity and level of fame that an influencer possesses affect the way Generation Z perceives them. If they have loyalty towards an influencer, they are more likely to have loyalty towards the brand associated with the influencer. The conclusions drawn from this study are particularly valuable for brands interested in optimizing their influencer marketing strategies to efficiently establish a connection with Generation Z in the Turkish market.
Gençliğin ekonomi politiği ve gençlik esaslı bütçeleme önerisi
Authors: Kaplan Mahmut Melih , Özuğurlu Hilmiye Yasemin
Published: October 2023

Gençlerin son yarım yüzyılda yaşadığı sorunların şiddetlenmesi ve genç emeğinin kullanımına ilişkin yürütülen tartışmalar, gençlik üzerine yapılan araştırmalara olan ilginin artmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu ilgi sonucunda gençlik sorunlarına ilişkin ekonomi politik yaklaşım, konu ile ilgili önemli bir bakış açısı sunmaktadır. Böylece gençliğin yaşadığı sorunların geniş bir düzlemde ele alınması mümkün hale gelmektedir. Bu anlamda çalışmada gençliğin ekonomi politiği ana akım yaklaşımlar ve heterodoks yaklaşım içerisinde incelenmektedir. Ana akım yaklaşımlar daha çok gençlerin yetişkinliğe geçiş sürelerinin uzamasına, gençlerin eğitimden iş hayatına geçişlerinde karşılaştıkları sorunlara ve nesiller arasında eşitsizliğin artmasına odaklanmaktadır. Bu sorunlar karşısında gençlerin dezavantajlı konumlarını gençleri güçlendirmeye çalışarak azaltmayı hedeflemektedir. Heterodoks yaklaşımlar ise eleştirel bir çerçeve içerisinde, gençlerin yaşadığı problemlerin temel kaynağını ekonomik sistemin işleyiş mekanizması ile ilişkilendirmektedir. Böylece gençlik meselesini sadece belli bir yaş aralığındaki nüfusun geçici olarak karşılaştığı problemler olarak değil, bu problemlerin ekonomik sistem ile ilişkisini kurarak incelemeyi hedeflemektedir. Diğer bir ifadeyle kapitalizmin işleyiş mekanizması gençlerin sorunlarının temelini oluşturmaktadır. Hakim sistemin yarattığı eşitsiz ortam gençlerin gelir dağılımından aldıkları payın azalmasına yol açmaktadır. Heterodoks yaklaşım bu konuları neoliberal ekonomi politikalarının sonucu olarak sanayisizleşme, işin yoğunlaştırılması ve gençlik emeği kapsamında incelemektedir.  Buradan hareketle gençliğin yaşam koşullarının ekonomik, politik, kültürel ve sosyal alanlarını şekillendiren toplumsal ilişkiler ile yerel dinamikler arasındaki ilişkiyi kamu bütçesi bağlamında incelemek önem taşımaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada ana akım ve heterodoks yaklaşımlar içerisinde kamu bütçesi ile gençliğin toplumsal konumu arasındaki ilişki ele alınmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada gençlerin görünür hale gelmesinin bir aracı olarak “gençlik esaslı bütçeleme kavramı” önerisi geliştirilmektedir. Gençlik esaslı bütçe, bütçe program ve politikalarının gençlik temelli olarak düzenlenmesini, bunun yansımalarının sistematik biçimde incelenmesini ve kamusal alan içerisinde kaynak dağılımının gençlik temelli olarak düzenlenmesini önermektedir.
Finansal gelişme ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: İki aşamalı sistem GMM tahmincisinden kanıtlar
Authors: Ataklı Yavuz Rüya , Bektaş Selahattin
Published: October 2023

Bu çalışma seçilmiş Asya ülkeleri ve Türki Cumhuriyetlerden oluşan 31 ülkenin 2010-2020 dönemindeki verileri yardımıyla finansal gelişme ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkinin ampirik olarak araştırılmasını amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada bu amaç doğrultusunda dinamik panel veri analizi yönteminden faydalanılarak İki Aşamalı Sistem Genelleştirilmiş Momentler Tahmincisi kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca karşılaştırma olması açısından aynı model Fark Genelleştirilmiş Momentler Tahmincisi kullanılarak da tahmin edilmiştir. Her iki tahminciden elde edilen sonuçlar da karşılaştırma açısından çalışmada sunulmuştur. Çalışmanın ampirik modelinde ülkelerin gayri safi yurt içi hasıla büyüme oranı bağımlı değişken olmak üzere, M2 para arzı ve özel sektöre sağlanan krediler ise bağımsız değişken olmak üzere üç farklı değişken yer almıştır. İncelenen dönem aralığı için yapılan ampirik analizlerin bulgularına göre M2 para arzının ekonomik büyümeyi negatif etkilediği tespit edilirken, bağımlı değişkenin bir gecikmeli değerinin ve özel sektöre sağlanan kredilerin ise ekonomik büyümeyi pozitif etkilediği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Ar-Ge harcamaları, vergi teşvikleri ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi
Authors: Erdoğan Zeynep
Published: October 2023

Küreselleşmeyle birlikte dünyada gelişen ve değişen koşullarda tüm ülkeler teknolojik ilerlemelere uyum sağlamaya çalışmaktadırlar. Bu nedenle, araştırma geliştirme (Ar-Ge) faaliyetleri ve onları destekleyen maliye politikası araçlarından biri olan vergi teşvikleri önemlidir. Bu makalede; Ar-Ge harcamaları, vergi teşvikleri, ekonomik büyüme ve bu konuların birbiriyle ilişkisi incelenerek literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Doğrudan yapılan destekler ile vergi teşvikleri aracılığıyla yapılan desteklerin avantajları ve dezavantajlarına değinilmiştir. Maliye politikası araçlarından biri olan teşvikler ile Ar-Ge faaliyetleri desteklenirken sağlanan vergi teşviklerinin ekonomik büyüme üzerinde de olumlu bir etkiye sahip olduğu yapılan literatür taramasında görülmüştür.
Koruma faaliyetlerinin finansmanında bir kamu fonu: Taşınmaz kültür varlıklarının korunmasına katkı payı
Authors: Sarıkaya Levent Yasemin
Published: October 2023

Taşınmaz kültür varlıkları insanlığın ortak mirasını oluşturmakta ve yapılı çevrenin en önemli unsurları arasında yer almaktadır. Kamusal bir görev ve toplumsal bir sorumluluk olarak taşınmaz kültür varlıklarının korunması sadece uzmanlık ve deneyim değil, aynı zamanda mali kaynak da gerektirir. Koruma faaliyetlerinin maliyeti temelde taşınmaz kültür varlığı maliki tarafından karşılanmakta olup, devlet anayasal bir yükümlülük olarak bu maliyetler için kolaylaştırıcı finansal çözümler sağlamaktadır. Türkiye’deki taşınmaz kültür varlıklarının sayısı göz önüne alındığında kamu kaynaklarının kısıtlı kaldığı bir gerçektir. Alternatif kamu kaynağı yaratmak amacıyla 2004 yılında 2863 sayılı Kanun’da yapılan değişiklik ile ‘Taşınmaz Kültür Varlıklarının Korunması Katkı Payı’ adıyla vergi müelliflerinden emlak vergilerinin %10’u kadar ek ödeme alınarak yeni bir kamu fonu hayata geçirilmiştir. Çalışmanın odağını bu kamu fonu oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında ilk olarak taşınmaz kültür varlıklarının korunmasına ilişkin idari sistem özetlenmiş, ardından koruma faaliyetlerinin finansmanına ilişkin doğrudan ve dolaylı mali destekler ele alınmıştır. Daha sonra taşınmaz kültür varlıklarının korunmasına katkı payı hakkında ayrıntılar mevzuata dayalı bir şekilde sunulmuş ve katkı payına ilişkin sistem Gaziantep ili özelinde 2014-2018 yıllarını kapsayan dönemde incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda bu kamu fonunun özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde koruma finansmanı konusunda yaşanan sorunlara çözüm üretir nitelikte olduğu, aynı zamanda koruma faaliyetlerinin maliyetini tüm topluma dağıtarak sosyal adalet sağladığı sonucuna varılmıştır.
Örgüt içi özgeci davranışların belirleyicileri: Öz yeterlilik ve iş tatmini açısından bir değerlendirme
Authors: Dikili Ersan
Published: October 2023

Çalışanların örgüte ve misyonuna yönelik genel eğilimlerini yansıtan tutumları, performansları ve dolayısıyla genel örgütsel performans üzerinde derin bir etkiye sahiptir. Olumlu tutumların geliştirilmesi, üretkenliği ve örgütsel başarıyı artırmaya elverişli bir ortamın teşvik edilmesi için esastır. Özellikle kişisel çıkardan bağımsız olarak başkalarının iyiliği için kendini feda etme eylemlerini benimseyen ahlaki ve ideolojik eğilim olarak tanımlanan özgeciliğin örgüt kültürüne hakim olması, hem çalışanlar hem de örgüt açısından önemli katkılar sağlayacaktır. Bu bağlamda çalışanların özgeci davranışlarının belirlenmesi örgüt yönetiminin önemli konularından bir tanesi olarak gösterilebilir. Özgeciliğin söz konusu önemine dayanarak hazırlanan araştırmada, çalışanların öz yeterlilik ve iş tatmini düzeylerinin örgüt içerisindeki özgeci davranışlarına etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Havacılık sektöründe yer hizmetleri veren bir firmanın Türkiye genelindeki 387 çalışanının dahil edildiği araştırmada toplanan anket verileri SPSS ile analiz edilmiştir. Analizler için betimleyici istatistiklerle birlikte, korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları çalışanların öz yeterlilik ve iş tatmini düzeylerinin, örgüt içerisindeki özgeci davranışlarını artırdığını ortaya koymuştur.
sgRNA library re-amplification in liquid culture v1
Authors: not provided Erik.Haussner
Published: October 2023

In this protocol, we describe a stepwise procedure for the re-amplification of sgRNA libraries in liquid culture. In our hands, this protocol works reliably to amplify pre-cloned sgRNA libraries (e.g. order from Addgene) in a way that preserves the distribution of library elements.
Cold dispase digestion of murine lungs improves recovery and culture of airway epithelial cells v1
Authors: Janas Piotr , Chauché Caroline
Published: October 2023

Airway epithelial cells (AECs) play a key role in maintaining lung homeostasis, epithelium regeneration and the initiation of pulmonary immune responses. To isolate and study murine AECs investigators have classically used short and hot (1h 37°C) digestion protocols. Here, we present a workflow for efficient AECs isolation and culture, utilizing long and cold (20h 4°C) dispase II digestion of murine lungs. This protocol yields a greater number of viable AECs compared to an established 1h 37°C dispase II digestion. Using a combination of flow cytometry and immunofluorescent microscopy, we demonstrate that compared to the established method, the cold digestion allows for recovery of a 3-fold higher number of CD45-CD31-EpCAM+ cells from murine lungs. Their viability is increased compared to established protocols, they can be isolated in larger numbers by magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS), and they result in greater numbers of distal airway stem cell (DASC) KRT5+p63+ colonies in vitro. Our findings demonstrate that temperature and duration of murine lung enzymatic digestion have a considerable impact on AEC yield, viability, and ability to form colonies in vitro. We believe this workflow will be helpful for studying lung AECs and their role in the biology of lung.
A QUESTÃO DA DEPRESSÃO NA ADOLESCÊNCIA:
Authors: Da Silva Landinho Iule Lourraine , Rythowem Marcelo
Published: October 2023

Objetivo: problematizar as repercussões que perspectivas unilaterais e naturalizantes exercem sobre o estudo do fenômeno da depressão vivenciado no período da adolescência. Método: pesquisa qualitativa. Resultados: é preciso ter cautela no que tange à perspectiva naturalizante da adolescência bem como à definição de sofrimento psíquico, visto que ele é fruto do contexto histórico-cultural vigente. Conclusões: não consideramos que a adolescência seja uma fase pré-definida, com características universais e muito menos uma fase natural do desenvolvimento. Ela é fruto de uma construção histórica e por esse motivo é impossível ditar características universais e comuns, passíveis de generalização. Ademais, concluímos que algumas exigências dos tempos modernos contribuem com o sofrimento psicológico experienciado pelo indivíduo.
GRUPOS EM DESVANTAGEM DA SOCIEDADE SEGUNDO PONTES DE MIRANDA: UMA REFLEXÃO SOBRE GÊNERO, CIDADANIA E DEMOCRACIA
Authors: Coutinho dos Santos Sérgio , Henrique Costa Eduardo , Dos Santos Lima Maria Vitória , Beatriz Souza de Miranda Nayra , França Mendonça Plácido Sarah , Gabriela de Almeida Pessoa Amanda
Published: October 2023

A obra de Francisco Cavalcanti Pontes de Miranda não costuma ser lembrada pela sua defesa intransigente dos direitos humanos. Neste artigo, focamos na indicação que não é uma reflexão isolada, mas que atentar para grupos em desvantagem da sociedade perpassa diversas décadas da sua produção teórica. Foram, para isto, estudadas as constituições comentadas, obra da juventude propondo uma nova interpretação dos direitos do homem e a obra da maturidade em que reflete sobre a força da democracia sobre desejos totalitários de governantes, desde os anos 1930 até após a II Guerra Mundial.
NEUROPSICOLOGIA E PSICOLOGIA POSITIVA: SABERES QUE CONTRIBUEM PARA A COMPREENSÃO DA DISLEXIA NA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Dantas Pereira Mara , Pereira da Silva Joilson
Published: October 2023

O presente artigo se propôs a apresentar como os saberes da neuropsicologia e da psicologia positiva se entrecruzam para a compreensão da dislexia no contexto da educação. Para tanto, o percurso metodológico escolhido no preparo deste texto foi o formato de uma revisão narrativa. Para tanto, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico em publicações acadêmicas de circulação nacional e internacional referente ao objeto deste estudo. Esse levantamento foi conduzido através de artigos científicos, livros, páginas eletrônicas, legislações e documentos oficiais. Posto isso, este trabalho foi organizado em duas seções: 1) Breves notas sobre dislexia no contexto educacional; e 2) Contribuições da neuropsicologia e da psicologia positiva para a compreensão da dislexia no campo da educação. Evidenciou-se que a neuropsicologia contribui para a avaliação diagnóstica e reabilitação da dislexia, enquanto, a Psicologia Positiva visa promover o desenvolvimento de habilidades mentais que mudariam a visão da vida do disléxico de modo positivo. Portanto, essas duas áreas da Psicologia devem ser pensadas considerando a subjetividade dos disléxicos e se estão inseridos em escolas ou universidades para resultados mais positivos.
PANDEMIA DA COVID-19 E O CRIME DE ESTUPRO NO ESTADO DO PARÁ
Authors: Jurema dos Santos Júnior Luís Carlos , Leal Soares Ramos Edson Marcos , Dos Santos de Almeida Silvia
Published: October 2023

A violência sexual é um fenômeno delitivo que assume variadas faces: quer a partir do assédio, quer pela importunação, ou pela satisfação da lascívia do agente, pelo favorecimento da prostituição ou por via do estupro. O fato é que na base desses delitos está a violação à dignidade da pessoa humana e à dignidade sexual da vítima. Ness sentido, o presente estudo objetiva comparar os registros do crime de estupro praticados no estado do Pará, no primeiro semestre dos anos de 2020 e 2021. Por outro lado, em níveis metodológicos, foi desenvolvido um estudo quantitativo, exploratório, descritivo, bibliográfico e documental. Foi aplicada a técnica estatística de análise exploratória de dados, com a demonstração do fenômeno estudado por meio de tabelas e gráficos. No que tange aos resultados, houve uma queda nos registros de estupro no Pará, nos primeiros semestres de 2020 e 2021, período esse que engloba a pandemia causada pela Covid-19. A maioria das vítimas são mulheres; os dias da semana de maior ocorrência foram segunda-feira (2020.1) e a terça-feira (2021.1); os horários de maior ocorrência são tarde (2020.1) e noite (2021.1); o local de maior ocorrência do delito é a residência particular; (ex)padrasto, o (ex) companheiro(a)/(ex) esposo(a) e o pai são os que, em nível de relacionamento com a vítima, mais praticam o crime de estupro.
PANORAMA DA VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA CRIANÇAS A PARTIR DA VIGÊNCIA DO MARCO LEGAL DA PRIMEIRA INFÂNCIA (LEI Nº 13,257/2016)
Authors: Seibel Pinto Bianca
Published: October 2023

Este estudo apresenta o panorama da violência contra criança no Brasil a partir da entrada em vigor do Marco Legal da Primeira Infância, Lei 13.257/2016. Para tanto, procedeu-se a uma revisão integrativa de artigos publicados no período 2016 a 2021, nas bases de dados Lilacs, Portal de Periódicos Capes e Scielo, visando à coleta de dados sobre violência infantil. Os resultados apontam que a violência sexual e a negligência foram os principais tipos de violência abordados na literatura revisada. As vítimas são, preponderantemente, meninas com idade de até 9 anos. A mãe aparece como a principal agressora, sendo o lar o locus de maior ocorrência da violência. A repetição da violência esteve presente na maioria dos estudos. Conclui-se que, apesar de o Marco Legal ter produzido impactos positivos, ao traçar diretrizes para políticas públicas de proteção à infância, a violência contra a criança, sobretudo a intrafamiliar, ainda é um grave problema social, sendo imperiosa a adoção de ações e medidas estratégicas, de forma multidisciplinar e intersetorial, que promovam a ruptura do ciclo da violência e impeçam a sua perpetuação até a vida adulta.