bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrify
Authors: Griffith Saul
Published: October 2021

An optimistic—but realistic and feasible—action plan for fighting climate change while creating new jobs and a healthier environment: electrify everything.

Climate change is a planetary emergency. We have to do something now—but what? Saul Griffith has a plan. In Electrify, Griffith lays out a detailed blueprint—optimistic but feasible—for fighting climate change while creating millions of new jobs and a healthier environment. Griffith's plan can be summed up simply: electrify everything. He explains exactly what it would take to transform our infrastructure, update our grid, and adapt our households to make this possible. Billionaires may contemplate escaping our worn-out planet on a private rocket ship to Mars, but the rest of us, Griffith says, will stay and fight for the future.

Griffith, an engineer and inventor, calls for grid neutrality, ensuring that households, businesses, and utilities operate as equals; we will have to rewrite regulations that were created for a fossil-fueled world, mobilize industry as we did in World War II, and offer low-interest “climate loans.” Griffith's plan doesn't rely on big, not-yet-invented innovations, but on thousands of little inventions and cost reductions. We can still have our cars and our houses—but the cars will be electric and solar panels will cover our roofs. For a world trying to bounce back from a pandemic and economic crisis, there is no other project that would create as many jobs—up to 25 million, according to one economic analysis. Is this politically possible? We can change politics along with everything else.
Seasonal trends of the polyp expansion and nutritional condition of Alcyonium acaule (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea)
Authors: Rizzo Lucia , Fiorillo Ida , Rossi Sergio
Published: October 2021

The ecological physiology of anthozoans, as well as their resistance to stressors, are strongly influenced by environmental factors and the availability of resources. The energy budget of anthozoans can vary seasonally in order to find an equilibrium between the available resources and respiration, polyp activity, growth, and reproduction processes. The variation in the biochemical composition of the animal tissues in these organisms results from a combination of the productivity processes of the water column coupled with the reproductive effort and potential starvation periods of the anthozoans. Here, the seasonal variation in the polyp activity of a slow-growing passive suspension feeder, the octocoral Alcyonium acaule, as well as their carbohydrate, protein and lipid contents, was investigated in a warm temperate environment using in-situ observations and biochemical analyses. Polyp activity exhibited a significant variability that was moderately dependent on season, while an aestivation phenomenon in A. acaule (i.e., a resting period in which the anthozoan is not capable of any polyp activity) during the warmer months is clearly observed. Carbohydrate concentrations in the coral species showed a significant increase in the late winter and spring seasons, and the lipid content increased during the spring. A higher abundance of lipids and carbohydrates coincided with a higher primary productivity in the water column, as well as with the octocoral reproduction period. In late autumn, there was a depletion of these biomolecules, with protein levels exhibiting great variability across sampling times. Complex alterations driven by climate change could affect the energy fluxes that depend on the dead or alive particles that are intercepted by marine animal forests. The obtained findings show a food shortage in late summer and autumn of the benthic suspension feeder A. acaule through the integrative descriptors of the ecophysiology of these anthozoans. This research contributes to the knowledge of energy storage capabilities in benthic suspension feeders in general, highlighting the importance of understanding the limits of resistance to starvation periods through these indicators.
Impact of Soil Pollution on Increasing Temperature in Indonesia
Authors: Azzahra St Fatimah , Faradiba Faradiba
Published: October 2021

The current increase in pollution is of great concern because it will have an impact on various aspects of life. The increase in pollution results in global warming in the form of earth's temperature. This study aims to examine the effect of soil pollution on increasing temperatures in Indonesia.The design of this study is descriptive quantitative. This study uses 2018 Village Potential (Podes) data sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). This study uses multiple linear regression by looking at soil pollution factors, temperature, and involving other factors as supporting factors. Temperatures in Indonesia range from 24.5oC-28.3oC. Due to soil pollution, the temperature increased by 0.05oC and specifically on the island of Java, the temperature increased by 0.157oC. The existence of land burning activities also increases the temperature by 0.07oC and in Java by 0.144oC. Soil pollution has a positive effect on increasing temperatures in the territory of Indonesia by 0.055oC. Java Island as the center of government and economy has a big role in generating pollution. Pollution on the island of Java resulted in an increase in temperature of 0.157 oC. The addition of a control variable in the form of community behavior in burning fields, will affect the nutrients in the soil and also exposure to smoke will interfere with the health of living things, apparently contributing to an increase in temperature of 0.01oC.
Influence of Knowledge Management Capabilities on the Performance of Mobile Telephone Firms in Kenya
Authors: Wachinga Joy , Deya Jared
Published: October 2021

With intensifying rivalry in the mobile telephone industry, mobile telephone firms are finding knowledge management capabilities as vital resource for ensuring their performance. However, there is scanty empirical literature to help these firm associate knowledge management capabilities to their performance, hence this study which sought to ascertain the inspiration of knowledge management capabilities on the performance of mobile telephone firms in Kenya. it objectives were to; establish the influence of knowledge acquisition, find out the influence of knowledge application, determine the role of knowledge transfer, ascertain how knowledge protection influence, and stablish the joint effect of knowledge management capabilities (knowledge acquisition, knowledge application, knowledge transfer and knowledge protection) on the performance of the mobile telephone firms in Kenya. This study adopted descriptive survey design where it used a target population of the 63 heads of human resources, information marketing and finance from the 21 telephone firms operating in Kenya. Since the target population was easily manageable and readily accessible, census was used. The data which was collected data from primary sources using questionnaires was analysed using quantitative approach to produce descriptive and inferential statistics. In addition, the study tested for its hypothesis testing using; t-test,. F test and Analysis of Variance. The study found that each of; knowledge acquisition, knowledge application, knowledge transfer and knowledge protection have a positive significant effect of performance. The study concluded that on embracing knowledge management capabilities; knowledge acquisition; knowledge application; knowledge transfer; and knowledge protection, mobile telephone firms in Kenya experienced significant improved in performance and as they also gained competitive advantage over their competitors.
Evaluation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Content of Selected Fin and Shell Fish from Named Rivers in Ogoniland, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Adata Akie Jumbo , Wegwu M.O , Belonwu D. C. , Onyegeme-Okerenta B. M. , Iriakuma C. T.
Published: October 2021

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content in selected fin and shell fishes from Bodo and Kaa in Ogoniland were studied. PAH was determined by Gas chromatography, using Texas Natural Resource Conversion Commission, Texas (TNRCC TX) method. There was a total of 16 PAHs detected in the samples from the two sites, test site (Bodo) and control site (Kaa). Similar PAH accumulations were observed in the four species, but the concentrations of the PAH accumulations were different. For samples from Kaa, Mullet showed the highest total mean concentration of PAHs followed by Sompat grunt, Tilapia and the least was Shrimps. However, for samples collected from Bodo, Tilapia showed the highest total mean concentration of PAHs, followed by Sompat grunt, Shrimps, and the least Mullet. These findings were not definitive as to the source of the PAH, seemingly suggesting various or multiple sources of PAHs contamination in the studied sites. These variations may be attributed to their feeding habits. The mean and standard deviations for PAHs from the test site ranged from 0.08±.000b to 23.7±.473b, 0.05±.001b to 7.74±.346b, 0.02±.001b to 9.48±.002b, 0.07±.000b to 11.0±.029b for Tilapia, Mullet, Shrimps and Sompat grunt respectively and 0.18±.006a to 6.56±.064a, 0.08±.000a to 11.8±.555a, 0.05±.002a to 3.11±.036a, 0.05±.002a to 5.12±.059a for samples of Tilapia, Mullet, Shrimp and Sompat grunt respectively from the control site. In conclusion, the calculated potency equivalence concentration (PEC) for all the tested aquatic species collected from Kaa and Bodo were all above the screening value (SV) suggesting that the consumption of these aquatic species from the test and control site at a rate of 68g/day in an adult of about 60kg will expose the individual to a potential risk of cancer.
Weed Management and Economics in Dicamba-Tolerant Cotton
Authors: Delong B. M. , White C. D. R. , Keeling J. W. , Dotray P. A.
Published: October 2021

Increasing populations of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth [Amaranthus palmeri (S.) Wats.] have increased weed management costs for Texas High Plains cotton [Gossypium hirsutum (L.)] producers. The introduction of dicamba-tolerant cotton varieties and registration of dicamba formulations for postemergence use, combined with residual herbicides, can effectively control Palmer amaranth. Field studies were conducted in 2018 and 2019 near Lubbock, TX, USA to evaluate Palmer amaranth control and economics of weed management in dicamba-, glufosinate-, glyphosate-, and conventional cotton systems. The most consistent season-long Palmer amaranth control was achieved with the dicamba-tolerant system in both years. In 2018, greatest lint yields were achieved with dicamba-tolerant system when compared to the conventional and glufosinate-tolerant systems. In 2018, greatest gross margin above weed management costs were achieved with the dicamba-tolerant and glyphosate-tolerant systems.  Greatest lint yield was achieved with the dicamba-tolerant and conventional systems in 2019 and greatest gross margins were achieved with the dicamba-tolerant system. Total variable costs were similar across all systems, with greater seed/technology and herbicide costs in dicamba-tolerant and glufosinate-tolerant systems, compared to higher tillage and hand hoeing costs in glyphosate-tolerant and conventional systems.
Amniotic Band Sequence Syndrome – A Rare Disorder
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Acharya Neema , Gupta Rishabh , Vasam Rajesh Kumar
Published: October 2021

Amniotic bands sequence is a inherited diseases distinguished by craniofacial, body wall, and limb oddities that may be in relation with foetal-placental fibrous bands. Its pervasiveness has been delineated to range from 0.19 to 8.1 per 10 000 births [1]. It is a customary state prospectively alike with a variety of different confinements’ disability. The deformities arise in the wake of the pompous bodily part have formed usually in early evolution. The required cause of amniotic disruption complex is undisclosed .The three most usual decorative design are constriction ring syndrome signalized by one or more limbs being high-flown; the limb-body- wall complex; and amniotic band syndrome characterized by abnormalities of the head and face (craniofacial abnormalities), inadequacies of the brain and genuine deformation of the appendages [2].

The condition in few cases might be considered prior to nativity (antepartum), unlikely to change upon the sequels of explicit detailed imaging practices, like fetal USG, which may give away the feature inadequacies [3].

Here we present a case of pregnant woman admitted in our Obstetrics and gynecological department with her ultrasonography report indicative of amniotic band and further discussed about antenatal diagnosis, diagnostic and therapeutic approach, prognosis and genetic counselling of amniotic disruption complex.
Investigating the Impact of Machine Learning in Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Nagaprasad S. , Padmaja D. L. , Qureshi Yaser , Bangare Sunil L. , Mishra Manmohan , Mazumdar Bireshwar Dass
Published: October 2021

In the pharmaceutical and consumer health industries, artificial intelligence and machine learning played an important role. These technologies are critical for the identification of patients with improved intelligence applications, such as disease detection and diagnostics for clinical testing, for medicine production and predictive forecasts. In recent years, advances in numerous analysis tools and machine learning algorithms have led to novel applications for machine learning in several areas of pharmaceutical science. This paper examines the past, present, and future impacts of machine learning on several areas, including medicine design and discovery. Artificial neural networks are employed in pharmaceutical machine learning because they can reproduce nonlinear interactions typical in pharmaceutical research. AI and learning machines are examined in everyday pharmaceutical needs, industrial and regulatory insights.
Resolving Mechanical Properties and Morphology Evolution of Free‐Standing Ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2
Authors: Tharpe Troy , Zheng Xu-Qian , Feng Philip X.-L. , Tabrizian Roozbeh
Published: October 2021

Advances in creating polar structures in atomic‐layered hafnia‐zirconia (HfxZr1−xO2) films not only augurs extensive growth in studying ferroelectric nanoelectronics and neuromorphic devices, but also spurs opportunities for exploring novel integrated nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). Design and implementation of HfxZr1−xO2 NEMS transducers necessitates accurate knowledge of elastic and electromechanical properties. Up to now, all experimental approaches for extraction of morphological content, elastic, and electromechanical properties of HfxZr1−xO2 are based on solidly mounted structures, highly stressed films, and electroded architectures. Unlike HfxZr1−xO2 layers embedded in electronics, NEMS transducers require free‐standing structures with highly contrasted mechanical boundaries and stress profiles. Here, a nanoresonator‐based approach for simultaneous extraction of Young's modulus and residual stress in free‐standing ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films is presented. High quality factor resonance modes of nanomechanical resonators created in predominantly orthorhombic Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films are measured using nondestructive optical transduction. Further, the evolution of morphology during creation of free‐standing Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 structures is closely mapped using X‐ray diffraction measurements, clearly showing transformation of ferroelectric orthorhombic to nonpolar monoclinic phase upon stress relaxation. The extracted Young's modulus of 320.0 ± 29.4 GPa and residual stress of σ = 577.4 ± 24.1 MPa show the closest match with theoretical calculations for orthorhombic Hf0.5Zr0.5O2.
Photoactivatable Biomedical Materials Based on Luminogens with Aggregation‐Induced Emission (AIE) Characteristics
Authors: Sun Jiangman , Li Hui , Gu Xinggui , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: October 2021

Fluorescence probes with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) property are fascinating and vital in biological fields due to their bright fluorescence in the solid state. In contrast, traditional AIE materials are obscured by the off‐target effects and lack of spatial and temporal control. Photoactivatable materials with AIE characteristics, whose physicochemical behaviors can be remotely activated by light, provide great potential in biochemical information acquisition with high spatial and temporal resolution. By using AIE‐featured photoactivatable fluorescence probes, accurate analysis of the targets of interest is possible. For example, where, when, and to what extent a process is started or stopped by manipulating the non‐invasive light accurately. Thus, many researchers are enthusiastic about developing AIE‐featured photoactivatable materials and mainly focus on developing novel molecules by rational molecular structure design, and exploring advanced applications by appropriate molecular functionalization. In this review, the recent achievements of photoactivatable materials with AIE characteristics from the aspects involving inherent mechanism of photoactivity, molecular design strategy, and the corresponding applications in biological fields, are summarized. The biological applications are highlighted and discussed, including photoactivatable bioimaging, diagnosis, and photo‐controlled therapy. Finally, the challenges and prospects of the AIE‐featured photoactivatable materials are also outlined and discussed.
3D Liver Tissue Model with Branched Vascular Networks by Multimaterial Bioprinting
Authors: Liu Xin , Wang Xinhuan , Zhang Liming , Sun Lulu , Wang Heran , Zhao Hao , Zhang Zhengtao , Liu Wenli , Huang Yiming , Ji Shen , Zhang Jingjinqiu , Li Kai , Song Biaobiao , Li Chun , Zhang Hui , Li Song , Wang Shu , Zheng Xiongfei , Gu Qi
Published: October 2021

Complicated vessels pervade almost all body tissues and influence the pathophysiology of the human body significantly. However, current fabrication strategies have limited success at multiscale vascular biofabrication. This study reports a methodology to fabricate soft vascularized tissue at centimeter scale using multimaterial bioprinting by a customized multistage‐temperature‐control printer. The printed constructs can be perfused via the branched endothelialized vasculatures to support the well‐formed 3D capillary networks, which ensure cellular activities with sufficient nutrient supply and then mimic a mature and functional liver tissue in terms of synthesis of liver‐specific proteins. Moreover, an inner and external pressure‐bearing layer is printed to support the direct surgical anastomosis of the carotid artery to the jugular vein. In summary, a versatile platform to recapitulate the vasculature network is presented, in which case sustaining the optimal cellularization in engineered tissues is achievable.
A Facile Approach to Fabricating Antibacterial Textile with High Efficiency and Compact Process
Authors: Li Linfeng , Yu Pengju , Li Yuanyuan , Wu Xi , Li Wenbin , Cheng Xiaomin
Published: October 2021

The urgent need of healthcare promotes the research and development of antibacterial textiles. However, conventional antibacterial textile is based on the solution method to form bacteriostatic granules on the textile matrix, and this form of textile has lurking perils to environment and low durability. Herein, a distinctive self‐limiting surface chemical reaction, atomic layer deposition (ALD), is proposed that deposit zinc oxide (ZnO) on cotton fabrics pretreated with polydopamine (PDA) to prepare nanocomposite textiles in an exceedingly short time by meticulously regulating the parameters. The results show that the cotton @ PDA treated for only 10 min has more than 95% antibacterial rate against both S. aureus and E. coli, which is better than that treated by ALD or PDA alone. Besides, the significance of reactive oxygen species in the antibacterial activity of PDA and ZnO composite coating is confirmed by introducing vitamin E for the first time. Thanks to PDA pre coating and the unique interface combination mode of ALD, the antibacterial textiles introduced in this study have excellent durability. The strategy proposed in this paper can provide a theoretical basis for the antibacterial modification of medical devices.
It is an All‐Rounder! On the Development of Metal Halide Perovskite‐Based Fluorescent Sensors and Radiation Detectors
Authors: Aamir Muhammad , Shahiduzzaman Md. , Taima Tetsuya , Akhtar Javeed , Nunzi Jean‐Michel
Published: October 2021

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) dominate the class of wet processed semiconductors due to high photoluminescence quantum yield, tunable emission over a wide wavelength range, high carrier mobilities, and high absorption coefficient. Owing to these remarkable properties, MHPs cover next‐generation applications such as solar cells, light emitting diodes, lasers, photocatalysts, etc. Beside these fascinating applications, MHPs attract increased attention as fluorescent sensors for various chemical analytes and environmental changes such as temperature, etc. Likewise, high‐energy radiation detection is also displayed by the MHPs, like in scintillators. Here, the latest advances in MHPs fluorescent sensors and high‐energy X‐ray, gamma‐ray, and beta detectors are reviewed. The basics including match‐mismatch of MHPs for fluorescent sensing and radiation detection applications are discussed. Moreover, the mechanistic understanding of fluorescent sensing and radiation detection by MHPs is also elaborated. The authors conclude with outlooks on future opportunities for MHP fluorescent sensors and high‐energy radiation detectors.
A High‐Performance Photodetector Based on 1D Perovskite Radial Heterostructure
Authors: Zhang Jianfeng , Zhong Wei , Liu Yuan , Huang Jincheng , Deng Sunbin , Zhang Meng , Kwok Hoi‐Sing , Li Guijun
Published: October 2021

1D metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are known as excellent candidates for fabricating high‐performance optoelectronic devices, ranging from lasers to photodetectors (PDs). Nevertheless, their inherent limitations, such as high binding energy and limited carrier mobility, have restricted their further improvement in performance. To tackle this issue, hybrid MHP microwires (MWs) are fabricated by combining MHP MWs and an organic semiconductor via a facile self‐assembly method, forming a radial heterojunction. Meanwhile, an ultrathin insulating organic layer is introduced as an interlayer between MHP MWs and the organic semiconductor. The synthesized hybrid MWs are further applied in rigid and flexible PDs, which demonstrated a high light/dark current on‐off ratio (>2 × 105), a high responsivity (>400 A W−1), and robust bending stability. These impressive results make the hybrid MHP MWs with the unique radial heterostructure promising building blocks for high‐performance future optoelectronics.
A Bidirectional Ensemble‐Learning Framework for Target‐Oriented Metamaterial Designs
Authors: Zhu Yongqiang , Wang Yue , Cui Zijian , Zhang Xiang , Zhang Kuang
Published: October 2021

Conventional metamaterial design mainly relies on manual trial‐and‐error design and optimization to achieve target electromagnetic responses. When faced with high‐degree‐of‐freedom application design, it is impossible to achieve an efficient overall design of massive metamaterial structural units. Herein, a new approach for using ensemble learning for objective‐driven easy‐to‐process metamaterial design. From the perspective of data and learners, reduce the complexity of data preprocessing and achieve accurate closed‐loop design by improving the overall performance of the learning model. The proposed framework overcomes some core problems, which have limited the previous design solutions based on a single model/network: adaptive design of different metamaterial objects, input/output vector‐dimensional mismatch, precise prediction of amplitude value at the resonance frequency, lower data acquisition cost, and difficult to process. In the future, researchers can use the proposed method, integrating cutting‐edge machine learning models and algorithms, to design a variety of metamaterial devices.
Three‐Component Difunctionalization of Cyclohexenyl Triflates: Direct Access to Versatile Cyclohexenes via Cyclohexynes
Authors: Cho Seoyoung , McLaren E. J. , Wang Qiu
Published: October 2021

Difunctionalization of strained cyclic alkynes presents a powerful strategy to build richly functionalized cyclic alkenes in an expedient fashion. Herein we disclose an efficient and flexible approach to achieve carbohalogenation, dicarbofunctionalization, aminohalogenation and aminocarbonation of readily available cyclohexenyl triflates. We have demonstrated the novel use of zincate base/nucleophile system for effective formation of key cyclohexyne intermediates and selective addition of various carbon and nitrogen nucleophiles. Importantly, leveraging the resulting organozincates enables the incorporation of a broad range of electrophilic partners to deliver structurally diverse cyclohexene motifs. The importance and utility of this method is also exemplified by the modularity of this approach and the ease in which even highly complex polycyclic scaffolds can be accessed in one step.
Lifting the cloak of secrecy: Experiences of providing crisis pregnancy counselling in a changing legislative context in Ireland
Authors: Ryan Meg , Nolan Ann , Vallières Frédérique
Published: October 2021

Crisis pregnancy counselling (CPC) is a specific form of crisis counselling, whereby the pregnancy represents a personal crisis for the woman involved. While much research has been undertaken into understanding the antecedents and outcomes of crisis pregnancy, few studies have examined the experience of CPC from the perspective of counsellors. In addition, no studies to date have examined the changes in the experience of CPC following substantial changes in abortion legislation. The current study therefore aimed to describe the experiences of providing CPC within the context of recent legislative changes pertaining to the provision of abortion in Ireland. Seven semi‐structured, in‐depth individual interviews were conducted with counsellors and therapists who had provided CPC in the Irish context. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Four superordinate themes emerged from the data analysis: (1) tension created by legislative conditions, (2) the impact of societal views and stigma, (3) a new sense of freedom, and (4) finding meaning and motivation in supporting women's choices. Overall, the study highlights that CPC is a complex experience, which differs in important ways from providing counselling in other contexts, including other forms of crisis counselling. Implications for policy and practice are identified.
Defluorination Capability of l‐2‐Haloacid Dehalogenases in the HAD‐Like Hydrolase Superfamily Correlates with Active Site Compactness
Authors: Chan Peter W. Y. , Chakrabarti Nilmadhab , Ing Chris , Halgas Ondrej , To Terence K. W. , Wälti Marielle , Petit Alain‐Pierre , Tran Christopher , Savchenko Alexei , Yakunin Alexander F. , Edwards Elizabeth A. , Pomès Régis , Pai Emil F.
Published: October 2021

l‐2‐Haloacid dehalogenases, industrially and environmentally important enzymes that catalyse cleavage of the carbon‐halogen bond in S‐2‐halocarboxylic acids, were known to hydrolyse chlorinated, brominated and iodinated substrates but no activity towards fluorinated compounds had been reported. A screen for novel dehalogenase activities revealed four l‐2‐haloacid dehalogenases capable of defluorination. We now report crystal structures for two of these enzymes, Bpro0530 and Rha0230, as well as for the related proteins PA0810 and RSc1362, which hydrolyse chloroacetate but not fluoroacetate, all at ∼2.2 Å resolution. Overall structure and active sites of these enzymes are highly similar. In molecular dynamics (MD) calculations, only the defluorinating enzymes sample more compact conformations, which in turn allow more effective interactions with the small fluorine atom. Structural constraints, based on X‐ray structures and MD calculations, correctly predict the defluorination activity of the homologous enzyme ST2570.
Target‐Mediated 5’‐Exonuclease Digestion of DNA Aptamers with RecJ to Modulate Rolling Circle Amplification for Biosensing
Authors: Bialy Roger M. , Li Yingfu , Brennan John D.
Published: October 2021

We report a new method for biosensing based on the target‐mediated resistance of DNA aptamers against 5’‐exonuclease digestion, allowing them to act as primers for rolling circle amplification (RCA). A target‐bound DNA strand containing an aptamer region on the 5’‐end and a primer region on the 3’‐end is protected from 5’‐exonuclease digestion by RecJ exonuclease in a target‐dependent manner. As the protected aptamer is at the 5’‐end, the exposed primer on the 3’‐end can participate in RCA in the presence of a circular template to generate a turn‐on sensor. Without target, RecJ digests the primer and prevents RCA from occurring, allowing quantitative fluorescence detection of both thrombin, a protein, and ochratoxin A (OTA), a small molecule, at picomolar concentrations.
A rare pediatric renal tumor: Cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma
Authors: Ben Hammouda Seifeddine , Ben Abdeljelil Nouha
Published: October 2021

The histological features of cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma (CPDN) require a thorough sampling of the surgical specimen and the application of immunohistochemical techniques to confirm the diagnosis.
Artematrovirenolides A—D and Artematrolides S—Z, Sesquiterpenoid Dimers with Cytotoxicity against Three Hepatoma Cell Lines from Artemisia atrovirens
Authors: Su Li‐Hua , Li Tian‐Ze , Ma Yun‐Bao , Geng Chang‐An , Huang Xiao‐Yan , Zhang Xin , Gao Zhen , Chen Ji‐Jun
Published: October 2021

Comprehensive Summary

Inspired by the intriguing structures and remarkable activities of sesquiterpenoid dimers, 12 new sesquiterpenoid dimers, artematrovirenolides A—D (1—4) and artematrolides S—Z (8—12), were isolated from the EtOAc fraction of Artemisia atrovirens through a bioactivity‐guided approach. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic data and absolute configuration was assigned based on single crystal X‐ray diffraction data and ECD calculations. Structurally, all compounds are presumably formed via [4+2] cycloaddition involving three connecting model. Compounds 1—4 are four novel hetero‐dimeric [4+2] Diels–Alder adducts dimerized from a rotundane‐type unit and a guaiane‐type monomer, and compounds 5—12 are eight new homo‐dimeric [4+2] adducts derived from two guaianolide moieties. A putative biosynthetic pathway for compounds 1—4 was also proposed. Compounds 4, 6, 7, and 10 demonstrated moderate cytotoxicity against HepG2, SMMC‐7721, and Huh7 cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 9.3 to 62.3 μmol/L. Interestingly, compounds 5 and 11 manifested cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 13.6 and 12.8 (HepG2), 18.5 and 13.1 (SMMC‐7721), and 16.5 and 19.4 μmol/L (Huh7), respectively, which were equivalent to the positive control, sorafenib. This investigation suggests that compounds 5 and 11 might be considered as potent antihepatoma candidates and deserve further structural modification and mechanism study.
Direct Access to Unique C‐5’‐Acyl Modified Nucleosides through Liebeskind–Srogl Cross‐Coupling Reaction
Authors: Maverick Mary Anne , Gaillard Marie , Vasseur Jean‐Jacques , Debart Françoise , Smietana Michael
Published: October 2021

The chemical functionalization at C‐5’ position of nucleosides has been significantly less studied compared to the C‐1’, C‐2’ and C‐3’ sugar positions in spite of its potential important role for biological activity. We describe here the synthesis of new carbothioate nucleosides which were then engaged in a Liebeskind‐Srogl reaction with various boronic acids for the preparation of diversely modified C‐5’‐acyl nucleosides. Applied to pyrimidine nucleosides in the DNA and RNA series, the reaction showed a broad substrate scope and more than 25 examples were synthesized in good‐to‐excellent isolated yields. This general and efficient Pd‐catalyzed and Cu(I)‐mediated cross‐coupling represents a convenient method to prepare a diverse set of 5’‐modified nucleosides and paves the way for further transformation into a variety of potentially bioactive compounds via the possible conversion of the C‐5’‐ketone.
Adaptive sliding mode estimation of state of charge implemented on a field programmable gate array Spartan‐6 Xilinx device
Authors: Belhani Ahmed , Lamamra Kheireddine , M'Sirdi Nacer K.
Published: October 2021

This paper presents the implementation of adaptive sliding mode estimation (ASME) of the state of charge of a battery on a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The study is conducted in two steps: in the first step, we design an adaptive sliding mode observer by taking into account an electrical equivalent circuit describing the battery's behavior and identify the parameters of this equivalent circuit by using the recursive least squares estimation method. In the second step, we study the implementation of this ASME on an FPGA card.
Time‐Resolved Second‐Order Coherence Characterization of Broadband Metallic Nanolasers
Authors: George Agnes , Bruhacs Andrew , Aadhi A. , Hayenga William E. , Ostic Rachel , Whitby Erin , Kues Michael , Wang Zhiming M. , Reimer Christian , Khajavikhan Mercedeh , Morandotti Roberto
Published: October 2021

High‐bandwidth metallic coaxial nanolasers are of high interest to investigate laser physics such as thresholdless coherence transitions, and have a large variety of promising applications enabled by their ultrasmall size and large spectral bandwidth. Optical coherence properties are commonly characterized in Hanbury‐Brown and Twiss experiments. However, those are difficult to perform in broadband lasers when the coherence time is an order of magnitude shorter than the temporal resolution of the single‐photon detectors, thus requiring significant spectral filtering. This paper demonstrates a new approach in investigating the temporal dynamics of the photon statistics associated with the nanolaser emission, obtained without the requirement of spectral filtering. While optically pumping the nanolasers with nanosecond pulses, time‐resolved second‐order coherence properties are evaluated over the time duration of the pump pulse. Coherence transitions from thermal emission to lasing are observed in the gathered time‐resolved photon statistics, linked to the temporal change in optical power of the nanosecond pump pulses. As nanolasers show better performance for the pulsed pumping scheme, the temporal envelope modulation of these pulses results in varying degrees of coherence within the nanolaser pulse envelope. This approach can also be readily applied to characterize a large variety of broadband lasers.
Photonic Frequency Conversion of OFDM Microwave Signals in a Wavelength‐Scale Optomechanical Cavity
Authors: Mercadé Laura , Morant Maria , Griol Amadeu , Llorente Roberto , Martínez Alejandro
Published: October 2021

Optomechanical (OM) cavities enable coupling of near‐infrared light and GHz‐frequency acoustic waves in wavelength‐scale volumes. When driven in the phonon lasing regime, an OM cavity can perform simultaneously as a nonlinear mixer and a local oscillator—at integer multiples of the mechanical resonance frequency—in the optical domain. In this work, this property is used to demonstrate all‐optical frequency down‐ and up‐conversion of MHz‐bandwidth orthogonal frequency division multiplexed signals compliant with the IEEE 802.16e WiMAX wireless standard at microwave frequencies. To this end, a silicon OM crystal cavity (OMCC), supporting a breathing‐like mechanical resonance at GHz and having a foot‐print 10 m, which yields frequency conversion efficiencies better than −17 dB in both down‐ and up‐conversion processes at mW‐scale driving power, is employed. This work paves the way toward the application of OMCCs in low‐power all‐photonic processing of digitally modulated microwave signals in miniaturized silicon photonics chips.
Synthesis and radical polymerization of acrylate and methacrylate bearing an isocyanurate core with adamantyl bisurethane moieties
Authors: Okamoto Shusuke , Endo Takeshi
Published: October 2021

In this article, we report the synthesis of acrylate and methacrylate bearing an isocyanurate core with two adamantyl urethane moieties and their radical homo‐ and copolymerization with n‐butyl methacrylate (BMA). The synthesized polyacrylate exhibits higher 5% weight loss and glass transition temperatures (Td5 and Tg) than those of the comparative polyacrylate, synthesized from the isocyanurate‐based acrylate with two hexyl urethane moieties, suggesting that the rigid adamantane core incorporated in the side chains of polymer largely contributes to increase in thermal stability of polymer. Similarly, the obtained copolymers show higher Tg values than that of homopolymer derived from BMA, leading to the synthesized monomers are useful as a comonomer to enhance thermal property of polymer.
Effects of propofol and its formulation components on macrophages and neutrophils in obese and lean animals
Authors: Heil Luciana Boavista Barros , Cruz Fernanda Ferreira , Antunes Mariana Alves , Braga Cassia Lisboa , Agra Lais Costa , Bose Leão Rebecca Madureira , Abreu Soraia Carvalho , Pelosi Paolo , Silva Pedro Leme , Rocco Patricia Rieken Macedo
Published: October 2021

We hypothesized whether propofol or active propofol component (2,6‐diisopropylphenol [DIPPH] and lipid excipient [LIP‐EXC]) separately may alter inflammatory mediators expressed by macrophages and neutrophils in lean and obese rats. Male Wistar rats (n = 10) were randomly assigned to receive a standard (lean) or obesity‐inducing diet (obese) for 12 weeks. Animals were euthanized, and alveolar macrophages and neutrophils from lean and obese animals were exposed to propofol (50 µM), active propofol component (50 µM, 2,6‐DIPPH), and lipid excipient (soybean oil, purified egg phospholipid, and glycerol) for 1 h. The primary outcome was IL‐6 expression after propofol and its components exposure by alveolar macrophages extracted from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The secondary outcomes were the production of mediators released by macrophages from adipose tissue, and neutrophils from lung and adipose tissues, and neutrophil migration. IL‐6 increased after the exposure to both propofol (median [interquartile range] 4.14[1.95–5.20]; p = .04) and its active component (2,6‐DIPPH) (4.09[1.67–5.91]; p = .04) in alveolar macrophages from obese animals. However, only 2,6‐DIPPH increased IL‐10 expression (7.59[6.28–12.95]; p = .001) in adipose tissue‐derived macrophages. Additionally, 2,6‐DIPPH increased C‐X‐C chemokine receptor 2 and 4 (CXCR2 and CXCR4, respectively) in lung (10.08[8.23–29.01]; p = .02; 1.55[1.49–3.43]; p = .02) and adipose tissues (8.78[4.15–11.57]; p = .03; 2.86[2.17–3.71]; p = .01), as well as improved lung‐derived neutrophil migration (28.00[−3.42 to 45.07]; p = .001). In obesity, the active component of propofol affected both the M1 and M2 markers as well as neutrophils in both alveolar and adipose tissue cells, suggesting that lipid excipient may hinder the effects of active propofol.
DFT Calculations for Some Perovskites and Their Solid Solutions
Authors: Karpierz Monika , Nalecz Dawid M. , Suchanicz Jan , Gatlik Jacek
Published: October 2021

Herein, ab initio calculations of the electron density of states (DOS) of sodium‐bismuth titanate , potassium‐bismuth titanate , lead titanate and some of their solid solutions are presented. The DOS is calculated and compared with available data, respectively. For all compositions, an energy gap of about 1.6 eV is obtained. The theoretical results show an increasing value of the bulk modulus when the lead titanate contents of potassium‐bismuth titanate and sodium‐bismuth titanate are increased.
Understand SLE heterogeneity in the era of omics, big data, and artificial intelligence
Authors: Puri Prianka , Jiang Simon H. , Yang Yang , Mackay Fabienne , Yu Di
Published: October 2021

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by extraordinary heterogeneity, due to the complex pathogenesis and diverse manifestations. Stratification of patients for therapy and prognosis represents a major challenge to manage SLE. Conventional biomarkers for disease diagnosis and activity assessment provide very limited insight into immunological pathogenesis and therapeutic response rates. The advancement of “omics” technologies including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics has constituted an unprecedented opportunity to characterize the immunopathological landscape in individual patients with SLE. Indeed, genomic studies reveal a subset of SLE patients carrying one or more functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) underlying immune dysregulation while transcriptomic studies have revealed subgroups in SLE patients showing distinct signatures for Type I interferon (TI‐IFN) pathway activation or aberrant differentiation of B cells into plasma cells. This review will summarize results from the latest studies using omics technology to understand SLE heterogeneity. In addition, we propose that the application of artificial intelligence, such as by machine learning‐based nonlinear dimensionality reduction method uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) can further strengthen the analysis of omics big data. The combination of new technology and novel analysis pipeline can lead to breakthroughs in stratifying SLE patients for a better monitoring of disease activity and more precise design of treatment regime, not only for conventional immunosuppression but also novel immunotherapies targeting B‐cell activating factor (BAFF), TI‐IFN, and interleukin 2 (IL‐2).
Honeycomb‐Inspired Robust Hygroscopic Nanofibrous Cellular Networks
Authors: Zhang Yufei , Wu Lei , Babar Aijaz Ahmed , Zhao Xinglei , Wang Xianfeng , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin
Published: October 2021

Mimicking nature is a highly efficient and meaningful way for designing functional materials. However, constructing bioinspired nanofibrous 3D cellular networks with robust mechanical features is extremely challenging. Herein, a biomimetic, super‐flexible, highly elastic, and tough nanofibrous membrane (NFM)‐based water harvester is reported with a highly ordered honeycomb‐inspired gradient network structure, self‐assembled from electrospun spider‐silk‐like humped nanofibers. The resultant NFM exhibits super flexibility, high tensile strength (2.9 MPa), superior elasticity, and decent toughness (3.39 MJ m−3), allowing it to be used as the framework of hygroscopic materials. The resulting hygroscopic NFM displays excellent moisture absorption performance, which can be used as an efficient water harvester with a superhigh equilibrium moisture absorption capacity of 4.60 g g−1 at 95% relative humidity for 96 h, fast moisture absorption and transport rates, and long‐term durability, achieving directional transport and collection of tiny water droplets. This work paves the way for the design and development of multifunctional NFMs with a honeycomb‐inspired gradient network structure.
Feuerwiderstand von Wänden aus Sandwichelementen mit Mineralwollkern – Experimentelle Überprüfung der Extrapolationsregeln in DIN EN 15254‐5 für den Feuerwiderstand von Wänden aus Sandwichelementen
Authors: Schmied Jürgen , Ummenhofer Thomas
Published: October 2021

Sandwichelemente reagieren unter Brandbeanspruchung in Abhängigkeit von ihrem Aufbau unterschiedlich. Um eine geeignete Auswahl und Anwendung zu ermöglichen, ist deshalb eine Klassifizierung des Brandverhaltens und der Feuerwiderstandsklasse erforderlich. Da eine solche Klassifizierung nicht für alle Anwendungsfälle im Brandprüfstand untersucht werden kann, sind verifizierte Extrapolationsregeln erforderlich, die eine auf den spezifischen Anwendungsfall bezogene Klassifizierung ermöglichen. Im Rahmen eines von der Versuchsanstalt für Stahl, Holz und Steine des KIT durchgeführten Forschungsvorhabens wurden Wände aus Sandwichelementen mit Mineralwollkern unter ETK‐Brandbeanspruchung geprüft und die Versuchsergebnisse mit den Extrapolationsregeln der DIN EN 15254‐5 verglichen sowie darauf basierende Vorschläge zur Extrapolation erarbeitet.
Earthquake ethics—Recovering lost ground when disaster strikes
Authors: Mahoney Daniel , Smit Hunter S. , Wilkinson Timothy J.
Published: October 2021

Renesas Electronics Corporation is a major global semiconductor supplier headquartered in Japan. It was formed in the early 2000s through the mergers of the semiconductor divisions of Hitachi, Mitsubishi, and NEC Corporation, each of which had a nearly 40‐year history. It is one of the world's leading suppliers of microcontroller devices, the brains of everything electronic and unique to each supplier, such that a redesign of the end‐system is needed to accommodate a change in microcontroller suppliers. Companies representing hundreds of billions of dollars of manufacturing revenue depended on a stable supply of microcontrollers from Renesas. This case‐based research analyzes how an ethical decision‐making framework helped Renesas survive the 2011 Great Japan Earthquake, which damaged Renesas's flagship factory and significantly reduced its production capacity, threatening to roil the global electronics industry. Because of this ethical framework, the company emerged stronger than before after an existential crisis.
Supersymmetry breaking, brane dynamics and Swampland conjectures
Authors: Basile Ivano
Published: October 2021

Abstract

We investigate interactions between branes of various dimensions, both charged and uncharged, in three non-supersymmetric string models. These include the USp(32) and U(32) orientifold projections of the type IIB and type 0B strings, as well as the SO(16)×SO(16) projection of the exceptional heterotic string. The resulting ten-dimensional spectra are free of tachyons, and the combinations of branes that they contain give rise to rich and varied dynamics. We compute static potentials for parallel stacks of branes in three complementary regimes: the probe regime, in which one of the two stacks is parametrically heavier than the other, the string-amplitude regime, in which both stacks are light, and the holographic regime. Whenever comparisons are possible, we find qualitative agreement despite the absence of supersymmetry. For charged branes, our analysis reveals that the Weak Gravity Conjecture is satisfied in a novel way via a renormalization of the effective charge-to-tension ratio.
On the assumptions leading to the information loss paradox
Authors: Buoninfante Luca , Di Filippo Francesco , Mukohyama Shinji
Published: October 2021

Abstract

The information loss paradox is usually stated as an incompatibility between general relativity and quantum mechanics. However, the assumptions leading to the problem are often overlooked and, in fact, a careful inspection of the main hypothesises suggests a radical reformulation of the problem. Indeed, we present a thought experiment involving a black hole that emits radiation and, independently of the nature of the radiation, we show the existence of an incompatibility between (i) the validity of the laws of general relativity to describe infalling matter far from the Planckian regime, and (ii) the so-called central dogma which states that as seen from an outside observer a black hole behaves like a quantum system whose number of degrees of freedom is proportional to the horizon area. We critically revise the standard arguments in support of the central dogma, and argue that they cannot hold true unless some new physics is invoked even before reaching Planck scales. This suggests that the information loss problem, in its current formulation, is not necessarily related to any loss of information or lack of unitarity. Therefore, in principle, semiclassical general relativity and quantum mechanics can be perfectly compatible before reaching the final stage of the black hole evaporation where, instead, a consistent theory of quantum gravity is needed to make any prediction.