bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ionic liquid-assisted one-step preparation of ultrafine amorphous metallic hydroxide nanoparticles for the highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Cao Youhai , Guo Song , Yu Changlin , Zhang Jiangwei , Pan Xiaoli , Li Gao
Published: February 2020

A rapid one-step and effective synthesis strategy is reported for the first time to produce the ionic liquid-modified AMHs nanoparticles (e.g. FeNi) for the highly efficient OER.
An amorphous trimetallic (Ni–Co–Fe) hydroxide-sheathed 3D bifunctional electrode for superior oxygen evolution and high-performance cable-type flexible zinc–air batteries
Authors: Li Simeng , Yang Xuhuan , Yang Siyuan , Gao Qiongzhi , Zhang Shengsen , Yu Xiaoyuan , Fang Yueping , Yang Shihe , Cai Xin
Published: February 2020

A 3D integrated bifunctional electrode of NiCo2O4@NiCoFe–OH nanoarrays is demonstrated for highly efficient oxygen evolution and flexible solid-state zinc–air batteries.
Mechanism of sphingosine 1-phosphate clearance from blood
Authors: Kharel Yugesh , Huang Tao , Salamon Anita , Harris Thurl E. , Santos Webster L. , Lynch Kevin R.
Published: February 2020

The interplay of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) synthetic and degradative enzymes as well as S1P exporters creates concentration gradients that are a fundamental to S1P biology. Extracellular S1P levels, such as in blood and lymph, are high relative to cellular S1P. The blood-tissue S1P gradient maintains endothelial integrity while local S1P gradients influence immune cell positioning. Indeed, the importance of S1P gradients was recognized initially when the mechanism of action of an S1P receptor agonist used as a medicine for multiple sclerosis was revealed to be inhibition of T-lymphocytes’ recognition of the high S1P in efferent lymph. Furthermore, the increase in erythrocyte S1P in response to hypoxia influences oxygen delivery during high altitude acclimatization. However, understanding of how S1P gradients are maintained is incomplete. For example, S1P is synthesized but is only slowly metabolized by blood yet circulating S1P turns over quickly by an unknown mechanism. Prompted by the counterintuitive observation that blood S1P increases markedly in response to inhibition S1P synthesis (by sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2)), we studied mice wherein several tissues were made deficient in either SphK2 or S1P degrading enzymes. Our data reveal a mechanism whereby S1P is de-phosphorylated at the hepatocyte surface and the resulting sphingosine is sequestered by SphK phosphorylation and in turn degraded by intracellular S1P lyase. Thus, we identify the liver as the primary site of blood S1P clearance and provide an explanation for the role of SphK2 in this process. Our discovery suggests a general mechanism whereby S1P gradients are shaped.
ALK5 deficiency inhibits macrophage inflammation and lipid loading by targeting KLF4
Authors: Li Wenyan , Wang Junhua , Li Zhaofeng
Published: February 2020

The transforming growth factor type-β (TGF-β) has been demonstrated to play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis through binding to the serine/threonine kinase transmembrane type I and type II receptors. However, as a key type I receptor for TGF-β, the exact role and the underlying mechanism of Activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) on macrophage activation involved in atherogenesis remain unclear. In the present study, enhanced ALK5 expression was found in bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) upon OX-LDL stimulation tested by RT-PCR and Western blot, which was further verified by co-immunofluorescence staining. Next, the loss-of-function of ALK5 used AdshALK5 transfection was performed to test the effect of ALK5 on macrophage activation. We observed that ALK5 silencing inhibited pro-inflammatory but promoted anti-inflammatory macrophage markers expression. Moreover, decreased foam cell formation was found in ALK5 knockdown macrophages accompanied by increased cholesterol efflux. Mechanistically, ALK5 knockdown significantly increased KLF4 expression that was responsible for the attenuated macrophage activation induced by ALK5 knockdown. Collectively, these findings suggested that neutralization of ALK5 may act as a promising strategy for the management of atherosclerosis.
miR-492 promotes chemoresistance to CDDP and metastasis by targeting inhibiting DNMT3B and induces stemness in gastric cancer
Authors: Wu Shuai , Xie Jian , Shi Hao , Wang Zi-wei
Published: February 2020

Objective: Metastasis and chemoresistance indicate treatment fail and progresses in gastric cancer (GC) patients. However, the molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance and metastasis remain unclear in GC. Thus, identifying the biological indicators of chemoresistance and metastasis is particularly important. Materials and methods: We establish a role for miR-492 in GC metastasis and chemoresistance through experiments in vitro and in vivo. Results: We identified miR-492 overexpression in GC specimens and cell lines, the miR-492 expression level was inversely correlated with the prognosis of GC patients. The inhibition of miR-492 suppressed GC cell invasion and enhanced the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to CDDP treatment. In contrast, miR-492 overexpression significantly stimulated GC cell invasion and contributed to chemoresistance development. In addition, our research results indicated that the inhibition of miR-492 stimulates GC stemness, and the overexpression of miR-492 induces GC stemness. Importantly, our experiments demonstrated that miR-492 inhibitor suppressed tumor formation, and the combination treatment of miR-492 inhibitor and CDDP significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrated that miR-492 exerts its anticancer role by targeting DNMT3B in GC. Conclusions: Our results suggested that inhibiting miR-492 is a novel strategy to control tumor metastasis and chemoresistance in GC.
New aspects in cardiac L-type Ca2+ channel regulation
Authors: Pallien Tamara , Klussmann Enno
Published: February 2020

Cardiac excitation–contraction coupling is initiated with the influx of Ca2+ ions across the plasma membrane through voltage-gated L-type calcium channels. This process is tightly regulated by modulation of the channel open probability and channel localization. Protein kinase A (PKA) is found in close association with the channel and is one of the main regulators of its function. Whether this kinase is modulating the channel open probability by phosphorylation of key residues or via alternative mechanisms is unclear. This review summarizes recent findings regarding the PKA-mediated channel modulation and will highlight recently discovered regulatory mechanisms that are independent of PKA activity and involve protein–protein interactions and channel localization.
Tyrosine kinase signaling in and on the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Farhan Hesso
Published: February 2020

Tyrosine kinases are signaling molecules that are common to all metazoans and are involved in the regulation of many cellular processes such as proliferation and survival. While most attention has been devoted to tyrosine kinases signaling at the plasma membrane and the cytosol, very little attention has been dedicated to signaling at endomembranes. In this review, I will discuss recent evidence that we obtained on signaling of tyrosine kinases at the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), as well as in the lumen of this organelle. I will discuss how tyrosine kinase signaling might regulate ER proteostasis and the implication thereof to general cell physiology.
Colorectal cancer-derived exosomal miR-106b-3p promotes metastasis by down-regulating DLC-1 expression
Authors: Liu He , Liu Yanlong , Sun Ping , Leng Kaiming , Xu Yi , Mei Liqi , Han Peng , Zhang Bomiao , Yao Kefei , Li Chunbo , Bai Junge , Cui Binbin
Published: February 2020

Cancer-derived exosomal miRNAs play an important role in the development of metastasis, but the effects and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the miRNA expression profiles of 5 paired serum exosomal samples from metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and non-mCRC patients via RNA sequencing. After we evaluated the differentially expressed miRNAs in 80 CRC patients, miR-106b-3p was selected as a metastasis-associated miRNA of CRC. We showed that the expression level of serum exosomal miR-106b-3p was significantly higher in CRC patients with metastasis than those without metastasis. Additionally, high serum exosomal miR-106b-3p expression in patients was correlated with a poor prognosis. Coculture of low-metastatic CRC cells with high-metastatic CRC cell-derived exosomes promoted cell migration, invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which was caused by the transport and transduction of miR-106b-3p in vitro. Moreover, exosomal miR-106b-3p promoted lung metastasis of CRC cells in vivo. In addition, we demonstrated that miR-106b-3p regulated metastasis by targeting deleted in liver cancer-1 (DLC-1). A negative correlation was also identified between miR-106b-3p and DLC-1 expression in human CRC tumour tissues and in mouse lung metastatic lesions. Collectively, our study indicated that metastasis-associated miR-106b-3p from serum exosomes could be used as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for CRC patients.
SGLT2 inhibitors – a potential treatment for Alport syndrome
Authors: Mabillard Holly , Sayer John A.
Published: February 2020

Alport syndrome is a rare genetic disease that results in disordered basement membrane type IV collagen resulting in occular and auditory defects as well of progressive kidney disease. Although no ‘cure’ currently exists, therapeutic blockade of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system can slow the progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Clinical trials for treatments in preventing chronic kidney disease have largely been negative over the last two decades until recent trials have shown positive cardiovascular and renal outcomes of sodium–glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in patients with diabetes mellitus. Although marketed as medications for Type 2 diabetes, SGLT2 inhibitors have been found to have additional properties that are nephroprotective which makes them a potential candidate for treatment for those with other forms of progressive kidney disease. This review discusses the evidence for the use of SGLT2 inhibitors as a potential treatment in Alport syndrome that may slow the progression of chronic kidney disease and prevent patients reaching ESKD.
Physical and chemical modeling of the starless core L 1512
Authors: Lin Sheng-Jun , Pagani Laurent , Lai Shih-Ping , Lefèvre Charlène , Lique François
Published: February 2020

Context. The deuterium fractionation in starless cores gives us a clue to estimate their lifetime scales, thus allowing us to distinguish between dynamical theories of core formation. Cores also seem to be subject to a differential N2 and CO depletion, which was not expected from the models.

Aims. We aim to create a survey of ten cores to estimate their lifetime scales and depletion profiles in detail. After describing L 183, located in Serpens, we present the second cloud of the series, L 1512, from the star-forming region Auriga.

Methods. To constrain the lifetime scale, we performed chemical modeling of the deuteration profiles across L 1512 based on dust extinction measurements from near-infrared observations and nonlocal thermal equilibrium radiative transfer with multiple line observations of N2H+, N2D+, DCO+, C18O, and 13CO, plus H2D+ (110–111).

Results. We find a peak density of 1.1 × 105 cm−3 and a central temperature of 7.5 ± 1 K, which are higher and lower, respectively, compared with previous dust emission studies. The depletion factors of N2H+ and N2D+ are 27−13+17 and 4−1+2 in L 1512, which are intermediate between the two other more advanced and denser starless core cases, L 183 and L 1544. These factors also indicate a similar freeze-out of N2 in L 1512, compared to the two others despite a peak density one to two orders of magnitude lower. Retrieving CO and N2 abundance profiles with the chemical model, we find that CO has a depletion factor of ~430–870 and the N2 profile is similar to that of CO unlike that toward L 183. Therefore, L 1512 has probably been living long enough so that N2 chemistry has reached steady state.

Conclusions. N2H+ modeling is necessary to assess the precise physical conditions in the center of cold starless cores, rather than dust emission. L 1512 is presumably older than 1.4 Myr. Therefore, the dominating core formation mechanism should be ambipolar diffusion for this source.
Gamma-ray and X-ray constraints on non-thermal processes inηCarinae
Authors: White R. , Breuhaus M. , Konno R. , Ohm S. , Reville B. , Hinton J.A.
Published: February 2020

The binary systemηCarinae is a unique laboratory that facilitates the study of particle acceleration to high energies under a wide range of conditions, including extremely high densities around periastron. To date, no consensus has emerged as to the origin of the gigaelectronvoltγ-ray emission in this important system. With a re-analysis of the fullFermi-LAT data set forηCarinae, we show that the spectrum is consistent with a pion decay origin. A single population leptonic model connecting X-ray toγ-ray emission can be ruled out. We revisit our physical model from 2015, based on two acceleration zones associated with the termination shocks in the winds of both stars. We conclude that inverse Compton emission from in-situ accelerated electrons dominates the hard X-ray emission detected withNuSTARat all phases away from periastron and that pion-decay from shock accelerated protons is the source ofγ-ray emission. Very close to periastron there is a pronounced dip in hard X-ray emission, concomitant with the repeated disappearance of the thermal X-ray emission, which we interpret as due to the suppression of significant electron acceleration in the system. Within our model, the residual emission seen byNuSTARat this phase can be accounted for with secondary electrons produced in interactions of accelerated protons, which agrees with the variation in pion-decayγ-ray emission. Future observations with H.E.S.S., CTA, andNuSTARshould confirm or refute this scenario.
Formation of complex molecules in translucent clouds: acetaldehyde, vinyl alcohol, ketene, and ethanol via “nonenergetic” processing of C2H2ice
Authors: Chuang K.-J. , Fedoseev G. , Qasim D. , Ioppolo S. , Jäger C. , Henning Th. , Palumbo M. E. , van Dishoeck E. F. , Linnartz H.
Published: February 2020

Context.Complex organic molecules (COMs) have been identified toward high- and low-mass protostars as well as molecular clouds, suggesting that these interstellar species originate from the early stage(s) of starformation. The reaction pathways resulting in COMs described by the formula C2HnO, such as acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), vinyl alcohol (CH2CHOH), ketene (CH2CO), and ethanol (CH3CH2OH), are still under debate. Several of these species have been detected in both translucent and dense clouds, where chemical processes are dominated by (ground-state) atom and radical surface reactions. Therefore, efficient formation pathways are needed to account for their appearance well before the so-called catastrophic CO freeze-out stage starts.

Aims.In this work, we investigate the laboratory possible solid-state reactions that involve simple hydrocarbons and OH-radicals along with H2O ice under translucent cloud conditions (1 ≤AV≤ 5 andnH~ 103cm−3). We focus on the interactions of C2H2with H-atoms and OH-radicals, which are produced along the H2O formation sequence on grain surfaces at 10 K.

Methods.Ultra-high vacuum experiments were performed to study the surface chemistry observed during C2H2+ O2+ H codeposition, where O2was used for the in situ generation of OH-radicals. These C2H2experiments were extended by a set of similar experiments involving acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) – an abundant product of C2H2+ O2+ H codeposition. Reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy was applied to in situ monitor the initial and newly formed species. After that, a temperature-programmed desorption experiment combined with a quadrupole mass spectrometer was used as a complementary analytical tool. The IR and QMS spectral assignments were further confirmed in isotope labeling experiments using18O2.

Results.The investigated 10 K surface chemistry of C2H2with H-atoms and OH-radicals not only results in semi and fully saturated hydrocarbons, such as ethylene (C2H4) and ethane (C2H6), but it also leads to the formation of COMs, such as vinyl alcohol, acetaldehyde, ketene, ethanol, and possibly acetic acid. It is concluded that OH-radical addition reactions to C2H2, acting as a molecular backbone, followed by isomerization (i.e., keto-enol tautomerization) via an intermolecular pathway and successive hydrogenation provides so far an experimentally unreported solid-state route for the formation of these species without the need of energetic input. The kinetics of acetaldehyde reacting with impacting H-atoms leading to ketene and ethanol is found to have a preference for the saturated product. The astronomical relevance of the reaction network introduced here is discussed.
Protostellar Outflows at the EarliesT Stages (POETS)
Authors: Moscadelli L. , Sanna A. , Goddi C. , Krishnan V. , Massi F. , Bacciotti F.
Published: February 2020

Context. 22 GHz water masers are the most intense and widespread masers in star-forming regions. They are commonly associated with protostellar winds and jets emerging from low- and high-mass young stellar objects (YSO).

Aims. We wish to perform for the first time a statistical study of the location and motion of individual water maser cloudlets, characterized by typical sizes that are within a few au, with respect to the weak radio thermal emission from YSOs.

Methods. For this purpose, we have been carrying out the Protostellar Outflows at the EarliesT Stages survey of a sample (38) of high-mass YSOs. The 22 GHz water maser positions and three-dimensional (3D) velocities were determined through multi-epoch Very Long Baseline Array observations with accuracies of a few milliarcsec (mas) and a few km s−1, respectively. The position of the ionized core of the protostellar wind, marking the YSO, was determined through sensitive radio continuum, multi-frequency Jansky Very Large Array observations with a typical error of ≈20 mas.

Results. The statistic of the separation of the water masers from the radio continuum shows that 84% of the masers are found within 1000 au from the YSO and 45% of them are within 200 au. Therefore, we can conclude that the 22 GHz water masers are a reliable proxy for locating the position of the YSO. The distribution of maser luminosity is strongly peaked towards low values, indicating that about half of the maser population is still undetected with the current Very Long Baseline Interferometry detection thresholds of 50–100 mJy beam−1. Next-generation, sensitive (at the nJy level) radio interferometers will have the capability to exploit these weak masers for an improved sampling of the velocity and magnetic fields around the YSOs. The average direction of the water maser proper motions provides a statistically-significant estimate for the orientation of the jet emitted by the YSO: 55% of the maser proper motions are directed on the sky within an angle of 30° from the jet axis. Finally, we show that our measurements of 3D maser velocities statistically support models in which water maser emission arises from planar shocks with propagation direction close to the plane of the sky.
L’agriculture biologique : controverses et enjeux globaux de développement en Afrique
Authors: Temple Ludovic , de Bon Hubert
Published: February 2020

L’agriculture biologique offre plusieurs options pour documenter les transitions technologiques vers de nouveaux modèles de production, même si elle présente des aspects controversés : faiblesse des rendements, accessibilité aux normes, valeurs des écobilans ou accroissement du travail. En mobilisant différentes situations en Afrique subsaharienne, ce numéro thématique des Cahiers Agricultures contribue à illustrer ces controverses. Les articles constitutifs montrent comment l’agriculture biologique définie par les normes des pays industriels ne peut rendre compte de la diversité des réalités agricoles africaines. Il s’ensuit l’émergence de nouvelles certifications et demandes des sociétés locales. Cette émergence reste contrainte par l’insuffisance des bases de connaissances comparatives des réalités productives entre l’agriculture biologique et conventionnelle. Des innovations méthodologiques pour réduire les asymétries de connaissances sur la comparaison des performances sont alors proposées. Les résultats interrogent la nécessité de nouveaux indicateurs intégrant les questions de sécurité nutritionnelle et sanitaire. Ils montrent que l’agriculture biologique peut aussi être un levier de l’accroissement des rendements quand la rente forestière a été consommée par l’agriculture d’exportation. Tout en éclairant les controverses, ce numéro thématique pose l’hypothèse, que sous certaines conditions, l’agriculture biologique est une opportunité de rupture de paradigme technologique qui répond aux enjeux de développement en Afrique. Il invite à ne pas confondre cette rupture avec les mécanismes de transition incrémentaux portés par l’agroécologie.
Design of automatic eggs hatchery as preservation of turtle in coastal of East Java
Authors: Sukandar  , Sunardi  , Khalwatu Mihrobi , Rahman Muhammad Arif , Abidin Zainal
Published: February 2020

There are 6 of 7 species of sea turtles in the world found in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the existence of sea turtles is currently experiencing a very drastic decline. This research is one of the conservation efforts to increase the number of sea turtles in several turtle conservation areas in East Java. From the experimental results, the temperature is the most influential factor in the sex determination. The development of egg incubation technology in this study has resulted in hatching results with the number of male sex dominant than female. To produce male eggs the temperature in the hatching media is between 25°C - 30°C, while the optimal temperature for hatching female eggs is >30°C. The artificial turtle egg incubator technology is designed in such a way that the conditions in the hatching chamber are close to the hatching conditions in nature with a temperature that can be set with an incandescent lamp equipped with a temperature sensor, when the high temperature the temperature sensor will work and the incandescent lamp automatically turns off. Optimum moisture conditions of about 70% water content can be regulated by the humidity sensor, when humidity is reduced, it can automatically spray water.
Distribution and healthy status of seagrass bed in Lamongan coastal area
Authors: Dewi Citra Satrya Utama , Yona Defri , Samuel Pratama Diffi , Maulidiyah Rizqi Aimmatul , Syahrir Ahdiya , Putri Yandini Eka , Rakhmawan Hilal , Fikri Maulana
Published: February 2020

The important role of ecology and the high economic value of a seagrass beds are strongly influenced by its health status. The purposes of this study were to 1. analyze the distribution, extent and type of seagrass; 2. identify the seagrass covering and density; 3. analyze the health status of seagrass in the coastal village of Lamongan. This research was conducted in July to August 2019, along the coast of Lamongan Regency. Stages of research conducted include: tracking to determine the distribution and extent of seagrass beds, quadratic transects to determine seagrass covering and density, and analysis of seagrass health status. Lamongan consists of two coastal districts, namely: Paciran (9 coastal villages) and Brondong (9 coastal villages). Of the 18 coastal villages there are three coastal villages that have seagrass beds, namely: Banjarwati (7.7 Ha), Kranji (12 Ha), Tunggul (3.8 Ha), with the same type ofEnhalus acoroides, andThalassia hemprichiionly at Kranji village. Seagrass covering in the three villages were 83.7%, 15.1%, and 15.1%, while the density values were 160 stands/m2, 172 stands/m2, and 185 stands/m2. The seagrass beds in the study areas were classified as poor (< 30%) to healthy (> 60%).
Size composition and length-weight relationships of the Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) in Bone Bay
Authors: Jalil  , Mallawa Achmar , Amir Faisal , Safruddin
Published: February 2020

The size composition, length-weight relationship, and condition factor of Thunnus albacares were examined in Bone Bay. Sampling was conducted at two stations, i.e., Station I at Cimpu in Luwu Regency and Station II at Lonrae in Bone Regency between July 2018 and June 2019. 10246 and 2651 yellowfin tunas were captured in Station I and Station II, respectively. Measurement of the fork length ranged between 20 cm and 192 cm with an average length of 81,257 ± 33,456 cm in Station I, and between 26 to 162 cm with an average length of 95,479 cm in Station II. The weight measurement ranged between 0,35 and 99,21 kg with an average of 14,539 kg in Station I, and between 0,46 and 97,35 kg with an average of 26,978 kg in Station II. Calculation of the relationship was based on the formula W= 5,5−5FL2,7454 (R2 = 0,963) in Station I, and W=4,1−5FL2,9103 (R2 = 0,761) in Station II. The values of condition factor at Station I and Station II were 2,1395 and 3,4374, respectively. It is quite evident that the growth pattern of the yellowfin tunas at Bone Bay was negatively allometric, indicating that the length increased faster than the weight.
Web evaluation of maceration length period on antioxidant potency of Sonneratia caseolaris leaf
Authors: Iranawati Feni , Narulitai Rizqi , Dewi Citra Satrya Utami , Arifin Sunanto
Published: February 2020

Diabetic and cancer, as an examples of degenerative diseases in human may arise as consequences of free radicals, i.e. highly reactive molecules. The reactiveness of free radicals can be constrained by a substance, known as antioxidant. Mangroves that inhabitant of highly dynamic waters of estuary is likely have defend activity by produce some substances those known as bioactive compounds that may have potency of antioxidant. The quality and quantity of bioactive compounds may affected by extraction method. This study aims to evaluate antioxidant potency of Sonneratia caseolaris leaf with three diferent length time (24, 48 and 72 hours) of maceration by applying of DPPD (1,1-diphenyl-β-picryl hydrazyl) method. Result based on 50% of inhibition concentration (IC50) value suggest that the best maceration time is 24 hours (IC50 was 6.35 ppm), following by 72 and 48 hours (IC50 were 11.5 and 17.4 ppm, respectively). In addition, overall of different maceration time show IC value lowe than 50 ppm, indicate that Sonneatia caseolaris leaf have very strong potential of antioxidant activity.
Effect of image radiometric correction levels of Landsat images to the land cover maps resulted from maximum likelihood classification
Authors: Kamal Muhammad , Muhammad Faaris H. , Mahardhika Shifa A.
Published: February 2020

Radiometric correction of remote sensing images is required to improve the quality of image pixel values and provide a measurable physical unit of each pixel. Selection of the appropriate image radiometric and atmospheric correction level defines the success of any remote sensing-based mapping applications. This study aims to assess the effects of radiometric correction levels applied to Landsat 8 (Operational Land Imager, OLI) image acquired in 2018 to the results of the land cover classification using the Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC). The image was corrected into four levels of radiometric and atmospheric correction; no correction (digital number), at-sensor radiance, at-sensor reflectance (top of atmosphere, ToA), and at-surface reflectance (bottom of atmosphere, BoA). A set of classification training sample covering five land cover classes (mangroves, inland vegetation, exposed soil, built-up area, and water body) was selected from the image. To ensure fair class comparison, the number of training sample were set to be proportional to the area of targeted classes. The results of this study show that there is no difference in the classification results of each level of correction, both in the area and distribution of the classes. This finding indicates that MLC result is invariable of image correction level.
Reveal of household capabilities through financial literacy in community-based tourism
Authors: Priambodo Magistyo P. , Yunikawati Nur Anita , Puspasari Emma Yunika , Handayani Sri , Jabbar Marzanah A. , Sidi Fatima
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine the extent of the condition of household financial literacy in community-based tourism which has continued to develop. Another thing that is also being studied knows the right way that households in the community-based tourism area are more empowered by increasing their financial literacy. In this research, the approach used is descriptive qualitative by conducting field studies to explore information from questionnaires given to respondents who are households in the community-based tourism area. Then conclude through purposive question to be able descripting real conclusions. The findings of this study indicate that not many households in community-based tourism are well literate with a low level of financial knowledge, so they are still unable to optimize the income they receive. There is a scheme from the government to help improve the welfare of the community in community-based tourism areas with financial assistance and financial knowledge. This research only conducts studies in certain areas in the area around Junrejo municipality, Batu, East Java. The location is an area that has community groups that mostly have livelihoods as provider of tourism good and services.
Instrumentation in situ, un outil pour les techniques d’amélioration des sols
Authors: Briançon Laurent
Published: February 2020

La complexité des mécanismes régissant le comportement d’une amélioration ou d’un renforcement d’un sol compressible nécessite parfois de recourir à un suivi du comportement de l’ouvrage construit. Cette auscultation géotechnique de l’ouvrage peut prendre différentes formes allant de l’inspection visuelle à un suivi d’une instrumentation à distance en temps réel. L’instrumentation doit permettre de vérifier que les objectifs de l’amélioration ou du renforcement du sol ont bien été atteints et peut, dans certains cas, permettre d’anticiper certaines phases de construction de l’ouvrage. L’instrumentation est un domaine spécifique réservé à des spécialistes tant pour sa conception que son analyse.
Why we need to eat milk products?
Authors: de Oliveira Cristiane Franco , de Moraes Silveira Carla Rosane , de Mello Elza Daniel
Published: February 2020

Oliveira, C.F. Calcium consumption by adolescent from public and private schools from Chapecó city. 2011. Master dissertation - Federal University Of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 2011.

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) defines osteoporosis as a systemic metabolic bone disease, characterized by the reduction of bone mass and deterioration of the micro architecture of the bone tissue. The mineral bone density in adults, an important component of bone resistance, depends on the peak of bone mass acquired and accumulated by 11 to 14-year-old girls and by 13 and 17-year-old boys. Sources: MEDLINE, LILACS, Scielo and PUBmed were searched for relevant Portuguese, English and spanish- language article. Objectives: This article revises the properties of calcium, the risk factors for osteoporosis as well as the various physiological and nutritional factors that may intervene in the bioavailability of calcium. Results: As a result, patients should be oriented about food rich in calcium and their daily needs. Agood bone formation is considered one of the most efficient ways to prevent osteoporosis in old age.
Deficiência de Vitamina B12 no pós-operatório de Cirurgia Bariátrica
Authors: Rocha José Carlos Gomes
Published: February 2020

Aobesidade é uma doença crônica caracterizada por excesso de gordura corporal que se tornou a doença nutrológica mais comum em países desenvolvidos e em nosso meio. Com isso é crescente o número de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. No pós-operatório podem ocorrer deficiências de determinados micronutrientes, sendo um deles a deficiência de vitamina B12. Adeficiência de vitamina B12 pode levar a anemia grave e contribuir silenciosamente para problemas cardíacos, e neurológicos, desde os de ordem sensoriais até distúrbios psiquiátricos e da aprendizagem. Assim, as deficiências nutricionais servem para nos alertar sobre a importância da vigilância nutricional após a cirurgia bariátrica.
Bioelectrical Impedance Phase Angle: Utility in clinical practice
Authors: de Oliveira Pablo Gustavo , dos Santos Amanda Senna Pereira , de Mello Elza Daniel
Published: February 2020

The choice of the best nutrition assessment method in hospitalized patients remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to review the use of phase angle (PA) in clinical practice. PA is a parameter obtained from bioelectrical impedance analysis, being a derived measure from the relationship between resistance and reactance. Because PA is dependent on body cell mass (BCM) and cell membrane functions, it has been considered a prognostic marker in several clinical conditions. BCM reflects the cellular components responsible for energy transfer and biochemical activity and is considered an excellent reference for expressing the rates of physiological processes, such as energy expenditure and proteolysis. Low PA values suggest cell death or decreased cell integrity, whereas higher PA values suggest a large amount of intact cell membranes, with a consequently better prognosis. The literature lacks studies determining PA reference values, which has prevented its use in routine clinical practice. Reference values are therefore necessary to properly evaluate possible deviations from the population mean.
Effects of oxidative stress during human and animal reproductions: A review
Authors: Berchieri-Ronchi Carolina B. , Presti Paula T. , Ferreira Ana Lucia A. , Correa Camila R. , Salvadori Daisy Maria F. , Damasceno Débora C. , Yeum Kyung-Jin
Published: February 2020

Given its high ability to damage important cellular components (lipids, proteins and deoxyribonucleic acid), oxidative stress is now recognized as one of the most common mechanisms associated with development of a variety of diseases and natural events such as pregnancy. During reproduction period, there is a change in the pro-oxidant and antioxidant balance due to the body and circulation modifications that are inherent to the pregnancy process. The present paper discusses the role of oxidative stress on the reproduction process. More effective defense strategies are needed to decrease the deleterious effects of oxidative-stress-induced gestation. This approach could be achieved by antioxidant status alteration. Further clinical and experimental studies are needed for better understanding of oxidative stress mechanism and the impact of antioxidant supplementation on reproduction.
Uso abusivo de aditivos alimentares e transtornos de comportamento: há uma relação?
Authors: Sá Paula , Ferreira Fabíola Amâncio , Nova Raphaella Dias Vila , Mourão Thaisa Veloso , Andrade Vera Lúcia Ângelo , Rückl Sarah
Published: February 2020

Introdução: Aditivo alimentar é todo ingrediente adicionado sem o propósito de nutrir, empregado durante qualquer etapa da produção de um alimento, com o objetivo de modificar características físicas, químicas, biológicas ou sensoriais do alimento. Os primeiros registros de seu uso são relatados por antigos papiros egípcios cerca de 1.500 anos a.C., que utilizavam especiarias para dar maior atração às refeições. O consumo desses elementos vem se intensificando consideravelmente — nos últimos 50 anos aumentou 500% — e, com isso, dúvidas quanto à sua segurança têm surgido. Há contradições entre estudos quanto a seus efeitos patológicos, mas aqueles que os demonstram, ressaltam os transtornos de comportamento como os mais relevantes. Objetivo: Identificar se há riscos no consumo de aditivos alimentares no que diz respeito aos transtornos de comportamento. Metodologia: Revisão sistemática de literatura entre os anos de 2000 e 2015, utilizando as bases de dados eletrônicas Scielo, PubMed, Lilacs, MedLine. A avaliação metodológica dos artigos foi realizada através do Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). Um total de 13 artigos foi incluído na revisão. Resultados: Transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade foi o transtorno comportamental prevalente. As crianças aparecem como grupo vulnerável em razão do consumo potencial de alimentos com aditivos, principalmente os corantes, e também pela imaturidade de seus aparelhos digestório e imunológico. Discussão: Os estudos não apenas correlacionam os aditivos alimentares aos transtornos de comportamento, como também consideram a dieta de remoção desses como tratamento profilático e terapêutico para o comportamento hiperativo. Conclusão: No Brasil, a relação entre aditivos alimentares e transtornos comportamentais ainda não foi investigada. Parece existir influência negativa dos resultados de pesquisas existentes, muitas vezes falseados pelas indústrias ao mascarar a quantidade de aditivos usada. Entretanto, os efeitos sobre o consumo desses não podem mais ser ignorados e o presente estudo pode servir de base para a elaboração de estratégias de vigilância alimentar e nutricional, com a finalidade de proteção e promoção à saúde.
Effects of aging and dietary supplementation with polyphenols from Pinus taeda hydrolysed lignin on quality parameters, fatty acid profile and oxidative stability of beef
Authors: Maggiolino A. , Lorenzo J. M. , Salzano A. , Faccia M. , Blando F. , Serrano M. P. , Latorre M. A. , Quiñones J. , De Palo P.
Published: February 2020

Context
The inclusion of Pinus taeda hydrolysed lignin (PTHL) in beef diets could improve quality and stability of meat, but effects could vary through the aging period (AP).

Aim
The aim was to evaluate the effects of the PTHL inclusion in the diet of finishing beef cattle on meat quality, fatty acid composition and oxidative stability at Days 1, 8, 11 and 15 of aging.

Methods
Forty Limousin bulls (340 ± 42 kg) were fed ad libitum on a total mixed ration (TMR). The control group received exclusively TMR for 120 days, while the experimental group received the same TMR as the control group but supplemented with PTHL (Oxifenol, I-Green, Padua, Italy; 35 g/day per head at 1–90 days and 70 g/day per head at 91–120 days).

Key results
Diet did not influence the chemical composition, pH, cooking loss, Warner–Bratzler shear force and hydroperoxide content. The Warner–Bratzler shear force (P < 0.001) decreased, while lightness (P < 0.01) and hydroperoxides (P < 0.001) increased through the aging period. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were similar for both diets at 1 and 15 days. However, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances at 8 and 11 days were higher for control than for the PTHL diet (P = 0.023 for interaction). Protein carbonyls were higher for control than for the PTHL diet at 8 days (P = 0.003 for interaction), but similar for both diets for the other dates. Saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids varied through the AP with PTHL diet, while no changes were observed with control diet (P < 0.01 for interactions). At 11 days, the n-6:n-3 ratio passed from being the minimum value with the PTHL diet to be the maximum with control diet (P < 0.01 for interaction).

Conclusions
The effects of PTHL inclusion in bull finishing diets depends on the AP but, generally, may result in beef with meat with beneficial effects on human health.

Implications
Including PTHL in the diet of finishing bulls can be useful to improve meat quality, favouring the use of natural waste substances deriving from vegetal production.
Cryopreservation of equine oocytes: looking into the crystal ball
Authors: De Coster Tine , Velez Daniel Angel , Van Soom Ann , Woelders Henri , Smits Katrien
Published: February 2020

Invitro embryo production has evolved rapidly in the horse over the past decade, but blastocyst rates from vitrified equine oocytes remain quite poor and further research is needed to warrant application. Oocyte vitrification is affected by several technical and biological factors. In the horse, short exposure of immature oocytes to the combination of permeating and non-permeating cryoprotective agents has been associated with the best results so far. High cooling and warming rates are also crucial and can be obtained by using minimal volumes and open cryodevices. Vitrification of invivo-matured oocytes has yielded better results, but is less practical. The presence of the corona radiata seems to partially protect those factors that are necessary for the construction of the normal spindle and for chromosome alignment, but multiple layers of cumulus cells may impair permeation of cryoprotective agents. In addition to the spindle, the oolemma and mitochondria are also particularly sensitive to vitrification damage, which should be minimised in future vitrification procedures. This review presents promising protocols and novel strategies in equine oocyte vitrification, with a focus on blastocyst development and foal production as most reliable outcome parameters.
Do elevated CO2 and temperature affect organic nitrogen fractions and enzyme activities in soil under rice crop?
Authors: Maity Partha Pratim , Chakrabarti B. , Purakayastha T. J. , Bhatia A. , Das Saha Namita , Jatav R. S. , Sharma A. , Bhowmik A. , Kumar V. , Chakraborty D.
Published: February 2020

A study was conducted to quantify the effect of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature on soil organic nitrogen (N) fractions and enzyme activities in rice rhizosphere. Rice crop was grown inside the open top chambers in the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute. The N was applied in four different doses. Grain yield and aboveground N uptake by rice significantly reduced under elevated temperature. However, elevated CO2 along with elevated temperature was able to compensate this loss. Principal component analysis clearly indicated that microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass N, amino acid N, total hydrolysable N, ammonia N and serine–threonine N contributed significantly to rice grain yield. Combined effect of elevated CO2 and elevated temperature decreased the total hydrolysable N, especially for lower N doses. The N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and leucine aminopeptidase enzyme activities were negatively correlated with the organic N pools. Higher activities of these enzymes under limited N supply may accelerate the decomposition of organic N in soil. When N was applied in super-optimal dose, plant N demand was met thereby causing lesser depletion of total hydrolysable N. Better nitrogen management will alleviate faster depletion of native soil N under future scenario of climate change and thus might cause N sequestration in soil.
British influence on Indian culture in the mirror of comparative literary translation
Authors: Trifunović-Ćapin Selena
Published: February 2020

Society and culture are interdependent. Religion, as an important factor of culture, offers its desired behaviour
patterns. Art always follows society and is always a part of culture. One nation’s culture can potentially be influenced by
another’s. In this paper, I have analysed the causes and consequences of the British influence on Indian culture, dating from the
sixteenth century till India’s independence in 1947. British influence is present in India’s general culture, architecture,
education system, sport, traffic, bureaucracy, fashion, infrastructure, etc. The indisputably significant British influence on the
Indian lifestyle is proved by the fact that the English language is accepted as an official language in the Republic of India. Are
the consequences, at large, bad or good? – It will probably always be an open issue for discussion. In her collection of stories
Interpreter of Maladies (1999), Jhumpa Lahiri explores and analyses various topics
related to the lives of Indian Americans. She describes and faithfully depicts their lives, both in India and outside their native
country. The paper also shows her filigree-precise sense of the reality and feelings of Indians who are in the process of
acculturation in other countries, as well as their personal and collective struggle with their own identity and the sense of
displacement. The transparency theory, advocating free translation, is focused on the equivalency concepts both formal and
dynamic, which will be analysed and illustrated in more detail in the paper.
Distinct coding of Deixis and Path in Kathmandu Newar
Authors: Matsuse Ikuko
Published: February 2020

Focusing on the Kathmandu Newar language, which
is spoken in the metropolitan area of Nepal (Kathmandu valley), this
chapter discusses the coding patterns of Deixis, which have been
relatively understudied. The chapter has two principal aims. The
first is to describe how Deixis and Path are expressed in
self-motion and various subtypes of caused motion events in
Kathmandu Newar. The second is to discuss the implications of this
analysis for the typology of motion expressions. I argue that the
pervasiveness of Deixis and its distinct coding pattern in Kathmandu
Newar permits us to distinguish between Deixis and Path.
Syntactic and semantic structures of Thai motion
expressions
Authors: Takahashi Kiyoko
Published: February 2020

Thai expressions for a single motion event
usually take the form of a single clause that is typically composed
of serial verb phrases encoding sub-events (semantic components) of
the motion event. The present chapter aims to show that the
syntactic and semantic structures of such expressions can be
adequately formulated based on the ‘force-dynamic’ structures (cf.
Talmy 1988, 2000a) of motion events and
‘aspectual’ types (cf. Vendler
1967) of motion verbs. The event structures and verb
types that are relevant to the syntactic patterns of the expressions
reflect Thai speakers’ conventional construals for expressing motion
events in the Thai language.
A fine-grained analysis of manner salience
Authors: Akita Kimi , Matsumoto Yo
Published: February 2020

This chapter delves into the typological
discussion of “manner salience” (Slobin 2004, 2006) by means of a fine-grained examination of
different kinds of manner expressions. Our two speech elicitation
experiments revealed that English speakers are clearly more manner
salient than Japanese in the use of the “default” general manner
expression (i.e. walk) in describing human walking
motion. On the other hand, Japanese speakers use mimetic adverbs
which significantly contribute to the expressive power of manner
expressions, especially in describing the sounds that moving
entities make. These results indicate that manner salience is a
complex phenomenon that involves multiple parameters in the form and
meaning of manner expressions, rather than a mere epiphenomenon of
the typology based on path coding positions.
Attraction of attention in perceived motion events weighed
against typology and cognitive cost
Authors: Morita Takahiro
Published: February 2020

This chapter explores construction types and the
frequency of the use of optional syntactic elements in French motion
descriptions. In Talmy’s typology on Satellite- vs. Verb-framed
languages, French is characterized as using the construction type of
verb-framed languages for motion events, and according to his
principles on the correlation between the fore- and backgroundedness
of semantic components of motion and the cognitive cost of
expressing them, manner and other concepts are expected to occur
less frequently in foregrounded positions outside of the main verb
than in backgrounded position in the main verb. This chapter shows,
through an experimental method, that facts in French are
more complex, and that the attraction of attention in perceived
motion events has an impact on the choice of construction types and
motivates manner and deixis to be expressed more frequently in
optional syntactic elements under certain circumstances than Talmy’s
principles would predict.