bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Filaggrin gene mutations in relation to contact allergy and hand eczema in adolescence
Authors: Lagrelius Maria , Wahlgren Carl‐Fredrik , Bradley Maria , Melén Erik , Kull Inger , Bergström Anna , Lidén Carola
Published: November 2019

Background

Filaggrin is an important protein for structure and function of the skin barrier. Filaggrin gene (FLG) mutations are known to result in dry skin, impaired skin barrier, and increased risk for atopic dermatitis. However, it is not clear whether these mutations are associated with contact allergy or hand eczema in adolescence.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether FLG mutations are associated with contact allergy, self‐reported hand eczema, or dry skin in adolescence.

Methods

We used data from the 16‐year follow‐up in the BAMSE cohort, information obtained from a Web‐based questionnaire including questions on hand eczema and dry skin, from FLG mutation analysis (R501X, R2447X, 2282del4), and patch testing (n = 1822).

Results

Logistic regression analyses showed no statistically significant associations between FLG mutations and contact allergy (any contact allergy, nickel allergy, or fragrance allergy) according to patch test, or self‐reported hand eczema at 16 years, or hand eczema ever. However, FLG mutations were associated with self‐reported dry skin at 16 years.

Conclusions

FLG mutations are associated with self‐reported dry skin at 16 years. However, in this study no consistent associations were found between FLG mutations and contact allergy or hand eczema at 16.
A coupled thermomechanical nonordinary state‐based peridynamics for thermally induced cracking of rocks
Authors: Shou Yundong , Zhou Xiaoping
Published: November 2019

A novel coupled thermo‐mechanical nonordinary state‐based peridynamics is proposed to study thermally induced damage in rocks. The thermal expansion characteristics of solid material are introduced into the coupled thermomechanical model to consider the influence of temperature. The deformation gradient tensor is obtained by the temperature fields, which is solved by peridynamic heat conduction theory. By introducing the deformation gradient tensor into the force state function of the nonordinary state‐based peridynamics, the coupling of thermal and mechanical is realized. A failure criterion is developed to investigate the thermally induced cracking of rocks. Then, the validity of the coupled thermo‐mechanical model is demonstrated by a numerical simulation. The correctness of the coupled model is validated by a benchmark example with analytic solution. Moreover, the thermal cracking progress in rocks is simulated using the proposed coupled nonordinary state‐based peridynamic model, and it is found that the numerical results are in good agreement with the previous experimental observations.
Human exploitation shapes productivity–biomass relationships on coral reefs
Authors: Morais Renato A. , Connolly Sean R. , Bellwood David R.
Published: November 2019

Coral reef fisheries support the livelihoods of millions of people in tropical countries, despite large‐scale depletion of fish biomass. While human adaptability can help to explain the resistance of fisheries to biomass depletion, compensatory ecological mechanisms may also be involved. If this is the case, high productivity should coexist with low biomass under relatively high exploitation. Here we integrate large spatial scale empirical data analysis and a theory‐driven modelling approach to unveil the effects of human exploitation on reef fish productivity–biomass relationships. We show that differences in how productivity and biomass respond to overexploitation can decouple their relationship. As size‐selective exploitation depletes fish biomass, it triggers increased production per unit biomass, averting immediate productivity collapse in both the modelling and the empirical systems. This ‘buffering productivity’ exposes the danger of assuming resource production–biomass equivalence, but may help to explain why some biomass‐depleted fish assemblages still provide ecosystem goods under continued global fishing exploitation.
How is knowledge shared in Public involvement? A qualitative study of involvement in a health technology assessment
Authors: Cockcroft Emma J. , Britten Nicky , Long Linda , Liabo Kristin
Published: November 2019

Background

Public involvement in research is seen as a quality marker by funders. To understand the process and impact of involvement, more in‐depth studies are needed on how members of the public contribute in meetings with researchers.

Objectives

This study aimed to observe and reflect on what is said by public advisers in involvement. We wanted to understand (a) what knowledge and experience is shared during research meetings, and (b) how this knowledge is shared with researchers.

Methods

Data were collected in November 2016 as part of the public involvement in a health technology assessment of lung cancer screening using low‐dose computed tomography. Three meetings were audio recorded and observed with the purpose of understanding how members of the public contributed during the meetings. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim and data analysed using a thematic approach, with the coding framework developed inductively. We also included reflections from a community drop‐in session.

Results

Members of the public brought three different ‘sources’ of knowledge and experience to meetings with researchers: direct lived personal experience; learnt knowledge; and the experience and values of others. The data suggest that group settings allow for dynamic discussions and sharing of different types of knowledge.

Conclusion

Group‐based involvement meetings allow for the synergistic combination of individual knowledge and experience. This gives researchers a broader understanding of the topic, which can be the vehicle for patient impact on the research. A combination of group meeting and community drop‐in can enable more varied input into research planning and conduct.
Exploring the potential use of patient and public involvement to strengthen Indonesian mental health care for people with psychosis: A qualitative exploration of the views of service users and carers
Authors: Susanti Herni , James Karen , Utomo Bagus , Keliat Budi‐Anna , Lovell Karina , Irmansyah I , Rose Diana , Colucci Erminia , Brooks Helen
Published: November 2019

Background

Patient and public involvement (PPI) has the potential to strengthen mental health systems in Indonesia and improve care for people living with psychosis. Current evidence from other parts of the world demonstrates the need to understand the contexts in which PPI is to be enacted to ensure optimal implementation.

Objective

To understand service users’ and carers’ views on the current use and potential applicability of PPI within Indonesian mental health services.

Design

Qualitative study incorporating focus groups analysed using thematic analysis.

Setting and participants

Participants included 22 service users and 21 carers recruited from two study sites in Indonesia (Jakarta and Bogor). All participants had experience of psychosis either as a service user or carer.

Results

Despite the value attributed to PPI in relation to improving services and promoting recovery, current use of such activities in Indonesian mental health services was limited. Participants expressed a desire for greater levels of involvement and more holistic care but felt community organizations were best placed to deliver this because PPI was considered more congruent with the ethos of third‐sector organizations. Additional barriers to PPI included stigma and low levels of mental health literacy in both health services and communities.

Discussion and conclusion

Participants felt that there was potential value in the use of PPI within Indonesian mental health services with careful consideration of individual contexts. Future aspirations of involvement enactment should ensure a central design and delivery role for third‐sector organizations. Facilitators to global collaborative research in the context of the current study are also discussed.
Advances in genetics toward identifying pathogenic cell states of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Amariuta Tiffany , Luo Yang , Knevel Rachel , Okada Yukinori , Raychaudhuri Soumya
Published: November 2019

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk has a large genetic component (~60%) that is still not fully understood. This has hampered the design of effective treatments that could promise lifelong remission. RA is a polygenic disease with 106 known genome‐wide significant associated loci and thousands of small effect causal variants. Our current understanding of RA risk has suggested cell‐type‐specific contexts for causal variants, implicating CD4 + effector memory T cells, as well as monocytes, B cells and stromal fibroblasts. While these cellular states and categories are still mechanistically broad, future studies may identify causal cell subpopulations. These efforts are propelled by advances in single cell profiling. Identification of causal cell subpopulations may accelerate therapeutic intervention to achieve lifelong remission.
A strategy of ideotype development for heat‐tolerant wheat
Authors: Ullah Smi , Bramley Helen , Mahmood Tariq , Trethowan Richard
Published: November 2019

Heat stress significantly limits yield in many wheat‐growing areas globally including north‐western NSW. While various traits linked to high‐temperature tolerance have been identified, the combination of traits that optimize the heat tolerance of wheat has not been established in most environments. A total of 554 genotypes were evaluated in the field at different times of sowing in north‐western NSW for three consecutive years to develop a heat‐tolerant wheat ideotype for this environment. The later sown experiments were exposed to higher temperatures at the critical reproductive and grain‐filling stages of development. The impact of high temperature was greatest at anthesis, and eventual grain yield was reduced by between 4% and 7% with every 1°C rise in average maximum temperature above the optimum of 25°C. High temperature reduced yield, plant height, grain weight and days to anthesis and maturity, and increased the percentage of screenings and grain protein content. Genotypes that produced higher yield under heat stress had shorter days to flowering and maturity, higher NDVI during grain filling, greater chlorophyll content at the milk stage of grain fill, taller plants, greater grain weight and number, and lower screenings compared with the benchmark cultivar Suntop. The genotype closest to the predicted heat‐tolerant wheat ideotype identified from trait ranges had 79.6% similarity.
Tamoxifen inhibits cell proliferation by impaired glucose metabolism in gallbladder cancer
Authors: Huang Shuai , Wang Hui , Chen Wei , Zhan Ming , Xu Sunwang , Huang Xince , Lin Ruirong , Shen Hui , Wang Jian
Published: November 2019

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the leading malignancy of biliary system showing refractory chemoresistance to current first‐line drugs. Growing epidemiological evidences have established that the incidence of GBC exhibits significant gender predominance with females two‐threefold higher than males, suggesting oestrogen/oestrogen receptors (ERs) signalling might be a critical driver of tumorigenesis in gallbladder. This study aims to evaluate the antitumour activity of tamoxifen (TAM), a major agent of hormonal therapy for breast cancer, in preclinical GBC model. Quantitative real‐time PCR was used to investigate mRNA levels. Protein expression was measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Glycolytic levels were measured by glucose consumption and lactic acid measurement. The antitumour activity of TAM alone or with cisplatin was examined with CCK8 assay, colony formation, flow cytometry and in vivo models. The results revealed that ERɑ expression was higher in GBC tissues and predicted poor clinical outcomes. TAM was showed effective against a variety of GBC cell lines. Mechanical investigations revealed that TAM enabled potent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by reduced nuclear factor Nrf2 expression and its target genes, leading to the activation of AMPK, which subsequently induced impaired glycolysis and survival advantages. Notably, TAM was demonstrated to sensitize GBC cells to cisplatin (CDDP) both in vitro and in vivo. In agreement with these findings, elimination of oestrogens by ovariectomy in nude mice prevented CDDP resistance. In summary, these results provide basis for TAM treatment for GBC and shed novel light on the potential application of endocrine therapy for patients with GBC.
Tooth loss in aggressive periodontitis: Results 25 years after active periodontal therapy in a private practice
Authors: Bäumer Amelie , Weber Dorothea , Staufer Sebastian , Pretzl Bernadette , Körner Gerd , Wang Yan
Published: November 2019

Aim

To assess tooth loss in patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP) 10–35 years after active periodontal therapy (APT) in a private practice and to detect possible factors influencing tooth loss.

Material and Methods

In 100 patients with AgP, tooth loss was recorded over a median follow‐up period of 25.5 years after APT, retrospectively. Patient‐ and tooth‐level factors were assessed with a Cox frailty regression model.

Results

Of 2,380 teeth, 227 were lost during a median follow‐up time of 25.5 years (2.3 ± 3.6 teeth/patient, range 0–17 teeth), resulting in a mean tooth loss rate of 0.09 teeth/patient/year. At patient‐level, statistically significant factors for tooth loss were smoking (p = .039) and the baseline diagnosis generalized AgP (p < .001). Influencing factors at tooth‐level were location in the maxilla (p = .003), baseline bone loss (p < .001), molars (p < .001) and premolars (p < .001) as well as abutment teeth (p = .009).

Conclusion

Tooth loss occurred rarely in patients with AgP treated in a private practice over a long‐time period. Annual tooth loss rates are comparable with those described in university settings. Smoking, generalized form of AgP, location/type of tooth, baseline bone loss and abutment status could be detected as factors impacting upon tooth loss.
Self‐reported halitosis in a sample of Brazilians: Prevalence, associated risk predictors and accuracy estimates with clinical diagnosis
Authors: Faria Sandro Felipe Santos , Costa Fernando Oliveira , Silveira Juliana Oliveira , Cyrino Renata Magalhães , Cota Luís Otávio Miranda
Published: November 2019

Aims

To evaluate the prevalence of self‐reported halitosis and its predictors, and to determine the accuracy estimates of self‐reported measures with clinical evaluation of halitosis.

Materials and Methods

This cross‐sectional study comprised 5,420 individuals (teaching staff, administrative personnel and ongoing students from Federal University of Minas Gerais), who answered a structured questionnaire containing sociodemographic, medical and dental data, and self‐reported halitosis measures. A subsample (n = 159) underwent halitosis assessment through the organoleptic method. Predictors for self‐reported halitosis were determined through univariate and multivariate analyses. Accuracy estimates of self‐reported measures were evaluated in this subsample.

Results

Prevalence of self‐reported halitosis varied from approximately 4%–35%, depending on the self‐reported measure. Self‐reported halitosis was mainly associated with socio‐economic variables (age, gender, educational level), parameters of oral health (gingival bleeding, gingival infections, tongue coating, general oral health evaluation) and impacts on daily activities (family/social environment and intimate relations). Specificity values for self‐reported halitosis measures were determined to be high for clinical (organoleptic score ≥2) and strong (organoleptic score ≥4) halitosis. Combinations of self‐reported measures retrieved useful accuracy estimates for strong halitosis.

Conclusion

Prevalence rates of self‐reported halitosis may be considered moderate. Accuracy diagnostic estimates were determined to be useful, with good prediction for non‐diseased individuals.
Contribution of genes and environment to the longitudinal association between childhood impulsive‐aggression and suicidality in adolescence
Authors: Orri Massimiliano , Geoffroy Marie‐Claude , Turecki Gustavo , Feng Bei , Brendgen Mara , Vitaro Frank , Dionne Ginette , Paquin Stephane , Galera Cedric , Renaud Johanne , Tremblay Richard E. , Côté Sylvana M. , Boivin Michel
Published: November 2019

Background

Population‐based and family studies showed that impulsive‐aggression predicts suicidality; however, the underlying etiological nature of this association is poorly understood. The objective was to determine the contribution of genes and environment to the association between childhood impulsive‐aggression and serious suicidal ideation/attempt in young adulthood.

Methods

N = 862 twins (435 families) from the Quebec Newborn Twin Study were followed up from birth to 20 years. Repeated measures of teacher‐assessed impulsive‐aggression were modeled using a genetically informed latent growth model including intercept and slope parameters reflecting individual differences in the baseline level (age 6 years) and in the change (increase/decrease) of impulsive‐aggression during childhood (6 to 12 years), respectively. Lifetime suicidality (serious suicidal ideation/attempt) was self‐reported at 20 years. Associations of impulsive‐aggression intercept and slope with suicidality were decomposed into additive genetic (A) and unique environmental (E) components.

Results

Additive genetic factors accounted for an important part of individual differences in impulsive‐aggression intercept (A = 90%, E = 10%) and slope (A = 65%, E = 35%). Genetic (50%) and unique environmental (50%) factors equally contributed to suicidality. We found that 38% of the genetic factors accounting for suicidality were shared with those underlying impulsive‐aggression slope, whereas 40% of the environmental factors accounting for suicidality were shared with those associated with impulsive‐aggression intercept. The genetic correlation between impulsive‐aggression slope and suicidality was 0.60, p = .027.

Conclusions

Genetic and unique environmental factors underlying suicidality significantly overlap with those underlying childhood impulsive‐aggression. Future studies should identify putative genetic and environmental factors to inform prevention.
High‐pressure processing, microwave, ohmic, and conventional thermal pasteurization: Quality aspects and energy economics
Authors: Atuonwu James C. , Leadley Craig , Bosman Andrew , Tassou Savvas A.
Published: November 2019

In this work, we collect and compare product quality data (vitamin C and flavor compounds) for orange juice processed using conventional thermal and innovative (high pressure, microwave, and ohmic) technologies under commercially representative conditions. We also measure and compare their respective energy demands and associated costs. While significant efficiency gains are made due to electrification using the innovative technologies (especially the ohmic process), the high per‐unit costs of grid electricity results in poorer processing economics relative to conventional gas‐fired technologies. UK levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) data suggest that as the share of renewables in the electricity generation energy mix is increased, the innovative technologies will eventually become more economical, in addition to the significant greenhouse gas emission reductions per liter of product. No significant differences are observed in the quality attributes of the processed product across all the technologies. The innovative electricity‐driven technologies are thus promising alternatives to conventional thermal pasteurization.

Practical applications

Beverage processing by conventional thermal treatment is energy consuming and can adversely affect the sensory and nutritional quality attributes of the final product. Innovative, mild processing techniques such as high‐pressure processing, microwave, and ohmic heating are increasingly gaining industry attention due to their potentials to significantly address these challenges. Actual uptake is still relatively low due to factors including risk aversion, process validation issues, and economics. This work compares these technologies with conventional thermal treatment in terms of critical product quality attributes (vitamin C and flavor compounds) and process energy economics under commercially representative processing conditions. The results of this study will be useful as a guide to food processors for implementing the innovative technologies and could lead to new product development and process optimization.
Study on physicochemical, phytochemical, and antioxidant properties of selected traditional and white rice varieties
Authors: Devraj Lavanya , Panoth Abhirami , Kashampur Kiran , Kumar Ashok , Natarajan Venkatachalapathy
Published: November 2019

The present study has been undertaken to investigate the physico‐chemical, cooking qualities followed by proximate composition, phytochemical, and antioxidant properties of selected traditional and white rice varieties using standard procedures. It was observed that Basmati rice showed the highest length, breadth, and L/B ratio compared to the traditional varieties. The traditional rice varieties especially Navara was found to be superior in terms of protein (9.61 ± 0.1%) with comparatively low carbohydrates than that of white rice varieties. White rice varieties showed better cooking properties with maximum water absorption index and water solubility index than the traditional rice varieties due to more starch content. The microstructure of traditional rice varieties was appeared to be pigmented due to the presence of anthocyanin with surface pores. The studies revealed that among traditional rice varieties Mapillai Samba has got the highest total phenols (290.70 ± 4.39 mg) and antioxidant activity (72.96 ± 3.34%) followed by anthocyanins and flavonoids.

Practical Applications

Traditional rice varieties were found to be rich in antioxidant, phytochemical, and nutritional properties than white rice. Mapillai Samba and Navara varieties were consumed in many parts of India for its nutritional significance. Traditional rice varieties can be efficiently processed into products like tart, cosmetics, red koji, colored noodles, cake, and preparation of yeast due to its medicinal values to cure stomach problems, bruised muscles, promote blood circulation, indigestion, and lower cholesterol level. Thus, traditional rice varieties can be incorporated along with the white rice varieties in new product development to enhance the nutritional status of the growing population to combat lifestyle disorders.
Poly(methylmethacrylate) Microwave Processing: A Technique Paper
Authors: Selecman Audrey M. , Brodine Brian A.
Published: November 2019

Microwave processing of a wax trial denture into a poly(methylmethacrylate) provides a viable alternative to conventional compression, injection, and digital techniques. This article briefly describes a processing technique that yields a complete dental prosthesis in under two hours using a combination of modern materials designed to reduce working and setting times without compromising the quality of the final prosthesis.
Sexual Development in Adolescence: An Examination of Genetic and Environmental Influences
Authors: Clark D. Angus , Durbin C. Emily , Heitzeg Mary M. , Iacono William G. , McGue Matt , Hicks Brian M.
Published: November 2019

Sexual development entails many experiences and is a major feature of adolescence. Most relevant behavioral genetic studies, however, focus primarily on sexual behaviors associated with health risks. We took a more normative, developmental perspective by examining genetic and environmental influences on five sexual behaviors ranging from dating to pregnancy in middle (Mage = 14.90 years) and late adolescence (Mage = 17.85 years) in a sample of twins (N = 3,762). Overall, behaviors that are more common and socially sanctioned (e.g., dating) were more heritable than behaviors that are less common and socially acceptable (e.g., sexual intercourse). That the etiology of different sexual behaviors is tied to their normativeness highlights the importance of considering the broader developmental context when studying sexual development.
Identifying Essential Components of School‐Linked Mental Health Services for Refugee and Immigrant Children: A Comparative Case Study
Authors: McNeely Clea A. , Sprecher Katharine , Bates‐Fredi Denise , Price Olga Acosta , Allen Chenoa D.
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND

Foreign‐born children rarely use traditional school mental health services. Comprehensive programs that combine mental health services with academic, economic, and socioemotional supports reach more foreign‐born children and improve wellbeing. However, little practical guidance exists regarding how to best combine these diverse services.

METHODS

To identify essential service components and their organization, we interviewed 92 parents, school staff, mental health providers, and community agency staff from 5 school‐linked mental health programs designed specifically to serve immigrant and refugee youth.

RESULTS

Foreign‐born parents did not distinguish between academic, behavioral, and emotional help for their children; these western categorizations of functioning were not meaningful to them. Consequently, programs needed to combine 4 components, organized in a pyramid: family engagement, assistance with basic needs, assistance with adaptation to a new culture, and emotional and behavioral supports. Family engagement was the foundation upon which all other services depended. Assistance with economic and cultural stressors directly promoted emotional wellbeing and helped parents trust clinical mental health interventions.

CONCLUSIONS

Specific strategies to implement the 4 essential components include home visits by program staff, a one‐stop parent center located in the school to help with basic needs, working with cultural brokers, and informed consent procedures that clearly explain recommended care without requiring immigrant and refugee parents to internalize western conceptualizations of psychopathology. Future evaluations should assess the cost and effectiveness of these strategies. These data are essential to advocate payment for these nonclinical services by traditional funding mechanisms.
Nutrition consultation for an overweight growing Bernese Mountain Dog—A case report
Authors: Giordanella Antonia , Gerstner Kerstin , Gimmel Angela , Liesegang Annette
Published: November 2019

In growing dogs, overweight is assimilated and attributed to a fast growth rate. Proper nutrition plays a very important role during growth as mistakes in feeding may lead to severe disease. This case report is an example for excessive weight gain during growth that, particularly in large breed dogs, may lead to skeletal disorders such as improper alignments of the limbs. If body weight gain exceeds the ideal range of the individual growth curve (by initially 4 kg in this case), fast growth may lead to growth disturbances and associated chronic diseases. These cases require a dietary adaption. However, the success in the nutritional management of the body weight relies largely on the owner's compliance.
Trajectories of daytime sleepiness and their associations with dementia incidence
Authors: Smagula Stephen F. , Jia Yichen , Chang Chung‐Chou H. , Cohen Ann , Ganguli Mary
Published: November 2019

Several studies have associated daytime sleepiness with risk of dementia, but it is unknown whether longstanding and emerging daytime sleepiness equally signal a risk of dementia, and whether other health factors explain these associations. In a prospective, population‐based epidemiologic study, we (i) assessed associations of daytime sleepiness trajectories over 10 years with dementia incidence and (ii) examined whether selected health characteristics attenuated these associations. Using latent group‐based trajectory analysis we categorized participants into three groups: (i) no daytime sleepiness (n = 959, 49.2%), (ii) emerging daytime sleepiness (n = 342, 17.5%) and (iii) persistent daytime sleepiness (n = 650, 33.3%). Compared with no daytime sleepiness, emerging and persistent daytime sleepiness were similarly associated with greater incident dementia risk (respective hazard ratios [95% confidence intervals] were 2.2 [1.3, 3.5] and 1.9 [1.2, 3.1]). Baseline blood pressure, body mass index, chronic disease diagnoses and symptoms of depression did not attenuate these associations. In contrast, lack of independence in instrumental activities of daily living attenuated the daytime sleepiness–dementia association by approximately 17%–21%. These findings suggest that persistent and emerging daytime sleepiness may signal a risk of dementia. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Further studies should investigate whether and how pathways to sleepiness, functional impairment and dementia pathophysiology interrelate and manifest together over time.
A systematic review of the association of neuregulin 4, a brown fat–enriched secreted factor, with obesity and related metabolic disturbances
Authors: Tutunchi Helda , Ostadrahimi Alireza , Hosseinzadeh‐Attar Mohammad‐Javad , Miryan Mahsa , Mobasseri Majid , Ebrahimi‐Mameghani Mehrangiz
Published: November 2019

Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4), a novel brown fat–enriched hormone, plays a key role in the modulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and energy balance. Recent data have demonstrated that the expression of Nrg4 is substantially down‐regulated in mouse and human obesity, making its regulatory aspect intriguing. Because of the close relationship between Nrg4, obesity, and associated metabolic diseases, this systematic review aimed to assess the association of Nrg4 with obesity and related metabolic disturbances, emphasizing its possible mechanisms of action in these disorders. We searched PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, Scopus, EMBASE, ProQuest, and Google Scholar up until June 2019. The evidence reviewed here indicates that Nrg4 may contribute to the prevention of obesity and related metabolic complications by elevating brown adipose tissue activity, increasing the expression of thermogenic markers, decreasing the expression of lipogenic/adipogenic genes, exacerbating white adipose tissue browning, increasing the number of brite/beige adipocytes, promoting hepatic fat oxidation and ketogenesis, inducing neurite outgrowth, enhancing blood vessels in adipose tissue, increasing the circulatory levels of healthy adipokines, and improving glucose homeostasis. Thus, Nrg4 appears to be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of obesity and associated metabolic complications. However, prospective cohort studies are warranted to confirm these outcomes.
“All for One” experiences of interprofessional team members caring for older adults: A metasynthesis
Authors: Montano Anna‐Rae
Published: November 2019

Background

There is some evidence that healthcare professionals prefer an interprofessional approach to care and this approach is of particular importance to older people due to their complex needs and multitude of chronic conditions.

Objective

This metasynthesis aimed to synthesise and unearth new understandings of the experiences of interprofessional team members that are caring for older people from a variety of qualitative studies.

Design

This review is designed as a metasynthesis based on the method put forth by Noblit and Hare for synthesising qualitative research.

Data sources

A search for qualitative and mixed methods articles that included healthcare professionals’ experiences of caring for older people as a member of an interprofessional team was conducted via an electronic database search of CINAHL, PubMed, SCOPUS and PsycINFO.

Review methods

The inclusion criteria were as follows: (a) the method of the study was qualitative or included a qualitative component, (b) an interprofessional team cared for an older person, (c) data regarding interprofessional team members’ experiences were gathered, (d) published in English and (e) between the period of 2000 and 2019. Key metaphors were extracted from the data and juxtaposed until themes emerged.

Results

A total of 1807 full‐text articles were retrieved and screened via their titles and abstracts. Nine studies were included in this metasynthesis based upon full‐text relevance and meeting the inclusion criteria. Six themes emerged describing the experience of interprofessional team members caring for older people: All for One: Unifying the Team for a Meaningful Purpose; The Cast; A Shared Vocabulary; Collaboration and Integration; A Functional‐Dysfunctional Family and Appreciate the Lifeworld. Team members appreciated this model of care.

Conclusions

The emergent themes suggest potential buy‐in from interprofessional team members to this care model for older people. Nursing can assert their unique knowledge and practice into the role as the team leader to mitigate potential barriers and team conflicts.

Implications for practice

Interprofessional team members caring for older people can improve their experience. Improved experiences for interprofessional team members can lead to better care for older people. Professionals need specialized training prior to practicing interprofessionally.
Low‐Intensity Photobiomodulation Decreases Neuropathic Pain in Paw Ischemia‐Reperfusion and Spared Nervus Ischiadicus Injury Experimental Models
Authors: Pigatto Glauce R. , Quinteiro Maiara H.S. , Nunes‐de‐Souza Ricardo L. , Coimbra Norberto C. , Parizotto Nivaldo A.
Published: November 2019

Background

There is a wide range of animal models available today for studying chronic pain associated with a variety of etiologies and an extensive list of clinical manifestations of peripheral neuropathies. Photobiomodulation is a new tool for the treatment of pain in a convenient, noninvasive way.

Objective

The aim of this work is to elucidate the effects of infrared light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) on behavioral responses to nociceptive stimuli in chronic pain models.

Methods

Forty‐eight Swiss male mice weighing 25 to 35 g were used. Two chronic pain models, ischemia‐reperfusion (IR) and spared spinal nerve injury, were performed and then treated with infrared LED irradiation (390 mW, 890 nm, 17.3 mW/cm2, 20.8 J/cm2, for 20 minutes). The behavioral tests used were a mechanical hypersensitivity test von Frey test) and a cold allodynia test (acetone test).

Results

The results showed that, in the IR model, the infrared LED had a significant effect on mechanical stimulation and cold allodynia on every day of treatment. In the spared nerve injury model, an analgesic effect was observed on every treatment day (when started on the 3rd and 7th days after the surgery). In both models, the effect was abolished when the treatment was interrupted.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that photobiomodulation therapy may be a useful adjunct treatment for chronic pain.
The Effectiveness of Pulsed Radiofrequency on Joint Pain: A Narrative Review
Authors: Boudier‐Revéret Mathieu , Thu Aung Chan , Hsiao Ming‐Yen , Shyu Shaw‐Gang , Chang Min Cheol
Published: November 2019

Background

Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) stimulation has been safely and effectively applied for controlling various types of pain.

Purpose

We reviewed the literature on the efficacy of PRF for controlling pain in joint disorders.

Methods

We searched PubMed for papers published prior to September 7, 2019, that used PRF to treat pain due to joint disorders. The key search phrases for identifying potentially relevant articles were (PRF AND joint) OR (PRF AND arthritis) OR (PRF AND arthropathy). The following inclusion criteria were applied for the selection of articles: (1) patients’ pain was caused by joint disorders; (2) PRF stimulation was applied to manage joint‐origin pain; and (3) after PRF stimulation, follow‐up evaluation was performed to assess the reduction in pain intensity. Moreover, joints with more than 3 reported PRF studies were included in our review.

Results

The primary literature search yielded 141 relevant papers. After reading their titles and abstracts and assessing their eligibility based on the full‐text articles, we finally included 34 publications in this review. Based on the positive therapeutic outcomes of previous studies, PRF stimulation seems to be an effective treatment for cervical and lumbar facet, sacroiliac, knee, and glenohumeral joint pain. PRF appears to be beneficial. For confirmation of the effectiveness of PRF on joint pain, more high‐quality studies are needed.

Conclusions

Our review provides insights on the degree of evidence according to pain in each joint, which will help clinicians make informed decisions for using PRF stimulation in various joint pain conditions.
Papillary hemangioma in a child and sonographic characterization
Authors: Bancalari Bernardo , Colmenero Isabel , Noguera‐Morel Lucero , Torrelo Antonio , Enríquez de Salamanca Javier , Hernández‐Martín Ángela
Published: November 2019

Papillary hemangioma (PH) is a rare, benign, vascular tumor that usually appears on the scalp and face and is reported most frequently in adults. We present a pediatric case of PH and provide sonographic features that may assist in establishing the diagnosis.
Can job seekers achieve more through networking? The role of networking intensity, self‐efficacy, and proximal benefits
Authors: Wanberg Connie R. , van Hooft Edwin A. J. , Liu Songqi , Csillag Borbala
Published: November 2019

The authors develop and evaluate an online networking intervention, Building Relationships and Improving Opportunities (BRIO), built in conjunction with the networking literature and social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1986, 1999). A field experiment using 491 unemployed job seekers shows that the intervention increases networking intensity, networking self‐efficacy, and proximal networking benefits. Further, the intervention generates higher quality reemployment through its positive effects on networking self‐efficacy. Individuals who completed the intervention and were also lower in extraversion showed the most positive improvements in networking self‐efficacy and reemployment quality. The study advances the literature by uncovering the mechanisms through which a networking intervention may result in improved reemployment success, and demonstrating the moderating role of individual differences in affecting intervention outcomes. The study helps practice by providing a publicly available, research‐based training to improve job search networking.
The longitudinal and bidirectional association between parenting stress and couples' relationship quality
Authors: Williams Deadric T. , Parra Gilbert R.
Published: November 2019

This study examined the longitudinal and bidirectional association between parenting stress and relationship quality, and whether the associations differed between married and cohabiting couples, using cross‐lagged panel models (CLPM) and random‐intercept cross‐lagged panel models (RI‐CLPM). Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Well‐being Study, the findings indicated that the RI‐CLPM model provided a better fit to the data compared to the CLPM model for mothers and fathers. The RI‐CLPM results showed high levels of stability in parenting stress and relationship quality over time, that parenting stress was associated with higher levels of relationship quality for both parents, and that the between‐person effect was similar for married and cohabiting couples. This study highlighted the importance of accounting for between‐ and within‐person variability.
Frequency of non‐motor symptoms and their impact on the quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease: a prospective descriptive case series
Authors: Gulunay Aydin , Cakmakli Gul Y. , Yon Mehmet I. , Ulusoy Ersin K. , Karakoc Mehmet
Published: November 2019

Aim

In this study, we aimed to show non‐motor symptoms (NMS), in addition to motor symptoms, in the foreground of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). We also examined the prevalence of dopamine dysregulation syndrome, which can be evaluated based on NMS, its risk factors, and its effects on quality of life (QOL) by using various scales and questionnaires.

Methods

In total, 75 patients with IPD (46 men, 29 women) who attend the outpatient neurology clinic of our hospital were included in the study. The motor symptoms and NMS of IPD were examined. The severity of parkinsonism was evaluated with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale and the Hoehn and Yahr scale. Cognitive tests, the NMS questionnaire, the Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale, and the Dopamine Dysregulation Syndrome‐Patient and Caregiver Inventory were used to identify NMS. The 39‐item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire evaluated QOL.

Results

We observed a significant increase in scores on the tests assessing NMS, specifically the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire, NMS questionnaire, Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale, and Geriatric Depression Scale (P < 0.05). These increases correlated with an increase in the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale score and a stage increase on the Hoehn and Yahr scale. Based on the scores, motor severity most affected QOL.

Conclusion

Ignoring NMS while focusing primary on motor symptoms in IPD can cause serious insufficiencies in treatment plans. Assessing NMS and dopamine dysregulation syndrome with structured scales that employ an integrated approach can improve QOL in IPD.
Canine spermatozoa—What do we know about their morphology and physiology? An overview
Authors: Chłopik Angelika , Wysokińska Anna
Published: November 2019

Spermatozoa are unique cells because of their morphological and physiological characteristics. They are produced during the process called spermatogenesis. Spermatogenesis consists of three phases: spermatocytogenesis, spermiogenesis and spermiation, during which spermatozoa undergo several changes. Spermatogenesis takes place within the seminiferous tubules containing two types of cells—the germ cells and the Sertoli cells—that alongside the Leydig cells, which play an important role when it comes to normal fertility. Everything is regulated by the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis and specific hormones due to multi‐hormonal feedback systems. Spermatozoa possess morphological and physiological features, which are sometimes completely different from what is observed in various somatic cells. What is more, canine spermatozoa have specific characteristics making them special compared to the spermatozoa of other mammalian species. The metabolic energy production, which is crucial for the appropriate functioning of spermatozoa, can be fuelled by different metabolic pathways utilizing different chemical substrates. Inseparable from the oxidative phosphorylation process is the production of reactive oxygen species, which are both essential and toxic to spermatozoa. Furthermore, epididymis is a very important structure, responsible for the transport and maturation of spermatozoa, which are then stored in the last segment of epididymis—the epididymal cauda. Moreover, the retrieval of spermatozoa from the epididymides is crucial for the development of assisted reproduction techniques and sperm cryopreservation methods. The information gained from the research on domestic dogs might be transferred to their wild relatives, especially those species categorized as endangered.
Multiscale Inference and Long-Run Variance Estimation in Non-Parametric Regression with Time Series Errors
Authors: Khismatullina Marina , Vogt Michael
Published: November 2019

We develop new multiscale methods to test qualitative hypotheses about the function m in the non-parametric regression model Yt, T = m(t/T) + ɛt with time series errors ɛt. In time series applications, m represents a non-parametric time trend. Practitioners are often interested in whether the trend m has certain shape properties. For example, they would like to know whether m is constant or whether it is increasing or decreasing in certain time intervals. Our multiscale methods enable us to test for such shape properties of the trend m. To perform the methods, we require an estimator of the long-run error variance σ2=Σl=−∞∞cov(ε0,εl). We propose a new difference-based estimator of σ2 for the case that {ɛt} belongs to the class of auto-regressive AR(∞) processes. In the technical part of the paper, we derive asymptotic theory for the proposed multiscale test and the estimator of the long-run error variance. The theory is complemented by a simulation study and an empirical application to climate data.
Engineering process as a focus: STEM professional development with elementary STEM‐focused professional development schools
Authors: Nesmith Suzanne M. , Cooper Sandi
Published: November 2019

Young children are capable of engaging in STEM investigations when they are guided by skilled and knowledgeable teachers. However, many elementary teachers may lack sufficient STEM content knowledge and report feeling unprepared to teach STEM content. Two university faculty members in mathematics and science education, worked to cultivate and advance two designated Elementary STEM‐Focused professional development schools through a two year series of an after‐school STEM professional development (PD) Program. As the STEM PD Program progressed, it became evident that teachers were interested in and needed more experiences with the elements of the engineering process for young learners. With this in mind, several of the PD sessions were designed to highlight the engineering process and allow teachers to experience various activities that would engage young learners. To examine how this focus on the engineering process impacted the teachers in this STEM PD Program, a research study was organized during year two of the STEM PD Program. The results of this study provide evidence that this program had a positive influence on the teacher participants’ engineering teacher efficacy and implementation of engineering lessons and activities within their classrooms.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of asymptomatic bacteriuria after renal transplantation: incidence, risk of complications, and treatment outcomes
Authors: Gómez‐Ochoa Sergio Alejandro , Vega‐Vera Agustín
Published: November 2019

Background

Routine treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) after renal transplantation (RT) represents nowadays a controversial topic, being unknown its impact on the overall prognosis of the transplanted patient.

Methods

Studies published during 1970‐2019 that evaluated the benefit of treating ASB after RT regarding the risk of renal complications were included. The primary outcome was to assess whether the treatment is associated with a lower risk of symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) or an improved renal function at the end of the follow‐up period. The secondary outcome was the risk of acute graft rejection (AGR). A meta‐analysis with a random‐effect model was performed. Heterogeneity was assessed with theI2measure.

Results

Fifteen studies were included. The incidence of ASB in the first month and the first year after RT was 22% and 30%, respectively. ASB was not correlated to AGR (OR 1.18; 95% CI, 0.78‐1.79). Eight studies compared the outcomes of ASB treatment, finding no benefit of treating regarding the risk of symptomatic UTI (OR 1.08; 95% CI, 0.63‐1.84;I2 = 35%) or the change in renal function (mean difference in serum creatinine concentration—0.03 mg/dL,95% CI—0.15‐0.10;I2 = 53%).

Conclusions

Asymptomatic bacteriuria represents a frequent finding after RT, highlighting the need for appropriate management of this condition. Considering that its treatment did not decrease the risk of the studied complications, antibiotic therapy should start to be questioned, as it has been related to higher rates of antimicrobial resistance and high economic costs.