bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efectos fisiológicos de Huanglongbing en limón Mexicano (Citrus aurantifolia) injertado en C. macrophylla
Authors: Manzanilla-Ramírez Miguel Ángel , Velazquez-Monreal Jose Joaquin , Robles-González Marciano Manuel , Murillo-Hernández Juan Eduardo , Villegas-Montier Angel
Published: August 2023

La enfermedad del Huanglongbing (HLB), causa desequilibrios metabólicos por agotamiento de nutrientes y/o interferencia del transporte. En limón Mexicano (Citrus aurantifolia) ocurre una disminución de la producción. Por ello se planteó el objetivo de conocer los cambios fisiológicos con el uso del portainjerto Macrofila (Citrus macrophylla) en dos épocas (invierno y verano). Los tratamientos incluyeron árboles sanos y con HLB de pie franco e injertados. Se determinaron los contenidos nutrimentales (N, P, K, Ca y Mg), almidón y sacarosa, así como el rendimiento. En árboles con HLB los valores de Nitrógeno (N), Magnesio (Mg), almidón y sacarosa fueron estadísticamente diferentes entre los injertados en comparación con los de pie franco (Tukey, p=0.05). En árboles con HLB, el uso del portainjerto Macrofila presentó concentraciones de N de 19.5 mg g-1 y sin injertar de 15.9 mg g-1 en invierno, al igual que el Mg con 1.26 y 0.98 mg g-1 respectivamente. El almidón en hoja durante el verano concentró con Macrofila 0.5%, en contraste las plantas de pie franco (1.0%). La sacarosa en nervadura de injertadas en Macrofila con 17.39 mg g-1 y sin injertar con 19.14 mg g-1. El uso del portainjerto Macrofila no mejoró los rendimientos (7.46 kg árbol-1) en comparación con pie franco que produjo 7.20 kg árbol-1; sin embrago, atenúa los efectos del HLB de forma estacional.
Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activity of Microalgae Dunaliella salina and Botryococcus braunii
Authors: Ridlo Ali , Pringgenies Delianis , Perangin-angin Ribka Anindita Br , Ariyanto Dafit
Published: August 2023

Highlight Research

The methanolic extracts of  salinaand B. braunii contained alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, and saponins.
Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids were most abundant in the ethyl acetate extracts of salinaand B. braunii.
The maximum total phenolic content was observed in the n-hexane extract of  salina(61.28 mg GAE/g sample) and the ethyl acetate extract of B. braunii (46.94 mg GAE/g sample).
The n-hexane extracts exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, whereas saponins were most abundant in the methanol extracts.

Abstract
Microalgal species such as Dunaliella salina and Botryococcus braunii are reportedly rich in natural antioxidants and phytochemicals. This study aimed to determine the phytochemicals and the antioxidant activity of D. salina and B. braunii. Microalgal samples were obtained from the Brackish Water Cultivation Fisheries Center (BPBAP), Situbondo, East Java. The extracts were prepared using the multilevel maceration method. The antioxidant activity of the algal species was analyzed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydraxyl (DPPH). Quantitative analysis revealed that D. salina and B. braunii contained antioxidants, indicated by the appearance of yellow spots on the purple background of the TLC plate. The n-hexane extract of D. salina exhibited the highest antioxidant activity with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 443.28 ppm, 61.28 mg GAE/g sample of total phenolics, 0.106 mg/g of chlorophyll a, 0.165 mg/g of chlorophyll b, and 1,697 mol/g of carotenoids. In contrast, the ethyl acetate extract of B. braunii exhibited the highest antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 634.55 ppm, 46.94 mg GAE/g sample of total phenolics, 18.146 mg/g of chlorophyll a, 12.592 mg/g of chlorophyll b, and 4573 mol/g of carotenoids. The microalgal species used in this study exhibited extremely weak antioxidant activity.
Comparison of Accounting Profit Between Offshore and Deep-sea Commercial Fishing Industry in Pahang State, East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Sin Moe Shwe , Krishnan Lavaniya Gopabala , Tai Shzee Yew , Aziz Azlina Abd , Kamaludin Mahirah
Published: August 2023

Highlight Research

Economic performance of commercial fishing industry in Pahang State, East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia.
Comparison of accounting profit between the two prominent fishing gear types: trawlers and purse seine in Pahang State
Comparison of accounting profit between the different zones of fishing operations by the trawlers and purse seine
Research findings showed that trawlers give more profit than purse seine vessels in Pahang State and overcapacity and over exploitation is distinctly found in Pahang State commercial fishing industry.
This study suggested that other analysis such as biological performance by this study area should be done in future coupled with the analysis of impact of management policies on the sustainability of the fishery.

Abstract
Marine capture fisheries in Malaysia plays prominent role in economic growth and commercial fisheries makes great contribution to country’s economy. The commercial fishing industry in East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia are mainly operated by trawlers and purse seines which rises a major concern in managing and achieving the goal of sustainable fishery. This study aimed to account the differences of accounting profit level in commercial fishing industry in Pahang State, East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. In this study, comparison of accounting profits using revenue and profit approach among trawl and purse seine fishery in two different zones: Zone C (offshore) and Zone C2 (deep sea) was carried out based on the intensive survey on fishing capacity and other economic factors. The survey was carried out with the commercial fishermen and total respondents of 156 fishers at landing port. The result showed that trawlers incurred low cost yet provided higher profit than doses by purse seine. Moreover, there are more trawlers vessels operating in the Pahang state fishing ground and the open access nature of the fishery like larger profit invites more effort to use in the fishery which is leading to the over exploitation of fishery resources and threatening the sustainable condition of the fishery. The findings of the research inform the possible impact of fishing profit to overcapacity in sustainable fishery management in Pahang State fishery.
Formulation of Anchor and Chain Specifications for Establishing Subsea Cable Burial Depth
Authors: Kim Jeonghun , Chun Insik , Kang Haneul
Published: August 2023

The penetration of ship anchor, which is a very important factor considered in the design stage of subsea cable burial, is highly dependent on the geometrical specifications and shapes of the anchor and chain. In order to facilitate predicting the anchor penetration depth by an arbitrary ship, formulations of the correlation between the ship mass and the existing anchor and chain specifications were attempted. In particular, for small ships with an equipment number of 40 (corresponding to DWT 90) or less, which were not covered by the existing classification data, a method for estimating the anchor mass, chain diameter, and mass per unit length was proposed.
Similarity Transformations and Nonlocal Reduced Integrable Nonlinear Schrödinger Type Equations
Authors: Cheng Li , Ma Wen-Xiu
Published: August 2023

We present three reduced integrable hierarchies of nonlocal integrable NLS type equations from a vector integrable hierarchy associated with a matrix Lie algebra, not being A type. Three similarity transformations are taken to keep the invariance of the transformed zero curvature equations. The key step is to formulate a solution to a reduced stationary zero curvature equation so that the zero curvature formulation works for a reduced case.
Study of the Molecular Architectures of 2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-(Pyrrolidin-1-Yl)-2H-1,2,3-Triazole-4-Carboxylic Acid as the Potential Anticancer Drug by Their Vibrational Spectra and Quantum Chemical Calculations
Authors: Palafox Mauricio Alcolea , Belskaya Nataliya P. , Kostova Irena P.
Published: August 2023

1,2,3-triazole skeleton is a privileged building block for the discovery of new promising anticancer agents. In the present work, the molecular structure of the synthesized anticancer drug 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic acid (1b) and its sodium salt (2b) were optimized in the monomer, cyclic dimer and staking forms using the B3LYP, M06-2X and MP2 methods. The molecular structure was found to be slightly out-of-plane. The observed IR and Raman bands in the solid state were accurately assigned according to the functional calculations (DFT) on the monomer and dimer forms, together with the polynomic scaling equation procedure (PSE). The effect of the chlorine substitution in the benzene ring was evaluated in the molecular structure and in the vibrational spectra by comparison to its non-substituted form. The system with molecule 1b interacting with few aminoacids of the MMP-2 metalloproteinase receptor was optimized, which demonstrated the relevance of triazole scaffolds in establishing hydrogen bond type interactions.
Unveiling Hepatitis B and C Rates: Screening Program Results in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan, and Amongst Afghan Migrants
Authors: Saeed Azhar , Amin Qazi Kamran , Anwar Muhammad Naveed , Yousafzai Zaland Ahmed , Khan Salman , Saeed Rida
Published: August 2023

Hepatitis B and C are major health issues in developing countries such as Pakistan and Afghan-istan. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and effectiveness of a screening program for hepatitis B and C in a region with no existing programs, and to estimate their prev-alence in the general population in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan, as well as in Afghan refugees or migrants. A retrospective cohort study was done in the general population of Peshawar and its adjacent districts, as well as migrants from neighboring provinces of Afghani-stan, who presented to our tertiary-care health facility. A Microsoft Excel registry was created for data collection, which were analyzed using IBM SPSS via descriptive analysis, normal distribution curve histograms, and chi-squared tests. A total of 9563 individuals were screened for hepatitis (5894 males and 3669 females), including Afghan migrants in Peshawar and surrounding districts. 876 individuals tested positive for hepatitis, with 538 positive for hepatitis B (383 males and 155 females) and 330 positive for hepatitis C (198 males and 134 females). Eight individuals had a hepatitis B and C co-infection. Among the study population, the prevalence rates were 2.2% for hepatitis B and 2.3% for hepatitis C, of which the Afghan migrants accounted for 2.7% and 0.5%, respectively. According to the gender-based distribution, hepatitis B was more prevalent in males, whereas there was no significant gender-based difference for hepatitis C. Our results highlight the need for a comprehensive approach to control hepatitis B and C in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Increased awareness, improved healthcare, and preventive measures such as screening and elimination programs to prevent severe liver diseases and eradicate hepatitis are necessary.
An Investigation of SWAT Model for Environmental Health Management Using Water Quality Parameters in a Stream System in Central Anatolia (TÜRKİYE)
Authors: Germeç Eren , Ürker Okan
Published: August 2023

Water is one of the most critical factors affecting environmental health. For this reason, estimating and monitoring the behavior of water in nature and preventing water pollution before it occurs are advantageous to avoid problems that may occur in terms of environmental health. In order to predict the behavior of water, the hydrological cycle needs to be evaluated on a basin basis. At this point, hydrological models can be used to make mathematical representations of hydrologi-cal processes. These models play an essential role in predicting and monitoring problems such as poor water quality, pollution, particle and sediment transport, and proliferation of oil and petro-leum derivatives among frequently encountered issues in environmental health. In this study, a 2D surface water model was created using soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) to simulate the lotic ecosystem and existing water quality in Tatlıçay Basin and to propose solutions for im-proving environmental health in Cankiri provincial center in Türkiye. The accuracy of the input data and the validity of the model were checked with the calibration and validation studies by using the monthly or 3-monthly observation data of the General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works’ flow observation & water quality stations from 2016 to 2020. The aim was to provide the opportunity to produce fast, accurate, and practical solutions in the face of negative scenarios with this model. This modelling study obtained successful results in the calibration and valida-tion process with very few observed data. With this study, a significant contribution to the litera-ture on environmental health is made, as there aren't many examples of hydrological modeling from the Middle East.
Performance Analysis of Pulse-Based Solar Charge Controller for Low-Powered Battery Applications: NiMH Battery as a Case Study
Authors: Yadasu Shyam , Awaar VinayKumar , Jetti VatsalaRani , Eskandari Mohsen
Published: August 2023

A significant replacement for numerous fossil fuels is solar energy as the main type of renewable energy resource. However, solar cells need battery energy storage units to handle the intermittent and uncontrollable nature of solar energy. In this light, there is a significant market for small, portable battery charge controllers that automate battery charging. However, the issue of slow charging and premature battery life loss plagues current industry-standard or innovative battery technology. This study proposes a quick pulse charging technique that stops battery deterioration and minimizes the overall charging period. The primary goal of this study is to develop, construct, and execution of a practical, versatile, and compact photovoltaic charge controller at cut rates. The suggested charge controller can disconnect and reconnect the battery during battery overcharging and deep discharging conditions using sensors with relays. The laboratory model is tested using a less expensive PV panel, battery, and DSP controller. The charging behavior of the solar-powered PWM charge controller is studied compared to that of the Constant Voltage - Constant Current (CV-CC) method. The proposed method is pertinent for minimizing energy issues in impoverished placesat a reasonable price.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity by Marine Nocardiopsis dassonvillei against Foodborne Listeria monocytogenes and Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli
Authors: Ngema Siyanda S. , Khumalo Solomuzi H. , Ojo Michael C. , Pooe Ofentse J. , Maliehe Tsolanku Sidney , Basson Albertus K. , Madoroba Evelyn
Published: August 2023

The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) poses public health challenges, and this has led to a continuous search for effective novel antimicrobial agents. This study aimed to isolate marine actinomycetes from South Africa, evaluate their in vitro antimicrobial activity against Listeria and STEC, and characterize their mechanisms of action. Marine actinoymcetes were isolated and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify the chemical constituents of bioactive actinomycetes secondary metabolites. Antibacterial activity of the secondary metabolites was assessed by the broth microdilution method and their mode of actions were predicted using computational docking. While five strains showed antibacterial activity during primary screening, only Nocardiopsis dassonvillei strain SOD(B)ST2SA2 exhibited activity during secondary screening for antibacterial activity. GC-MS identified five major bioactive compounds: 1-octadecene, diethyl phthalate, pentadecanoic acid, 6-octadecenoic acid, and tri-fluoroacetoxy hexadecane. SOD(B)ST2SA2`s extract demonstrated the minimum inhibitory con-centration and minimum bactericidal concentration ranging from 0.78–25 mg/ml and 3.13 to > 25 mg/ml, respectively. Diethyl phthalate displayed the lowest bacterial protein binding energies (kcal/mol): −7.2, dihydrofolate reductase; −6.0, DNA gyrase B, and −5.8, D-alanine:D-alanine lig-ase. Thus, marine N. dassonvillei SOD(B)ST2SA2 is a potentially good source of antibacterial compounds that can be used to control STEC and Listeria monocytogenes.
Review of Advancing Anomaly Detection in SDN through Deep Learning Algorithms
Authors: Tavangari Shirmohammad , Taghavi Kulfati Somayeh
Published: August 2023

Recent SDN advances address traditional network management challenges through centralized control and plane separation. SDN prevents breaches using a centralized controller but introduces risks. The controller can be a single point of failure. Thus, an OpenFlow Controller's flow-based anomaly detection enhances SDN security. Our research explored two OpenFlow intrusion detection methods. The first employed machine learning, NSL-KDD dataset, and feature selection, yielding 82% accuracy with random forest. The second combined deep neural networks with GRU-LSTM, achieving 88% accuracy using ANOVA F-Test and feature elimination. Experiments highlighted deep learning as superior for OpenFlow intrusion detection.
Aesthetic Assessment of Free-Form Space Structures Using Machine Learning Based on the Expert's Experiences
Authors: Shahbazi Yaser , Ghofrani Mahsa , Pedrammehr Siamak
Published: August 2023

Parametric form findings of free-form space structures and qualitative assessment of their aesthetics are among the concerns of architects. This study aims to evaluate the aesthetic aspect of these structures using ML algorithms based on the expert's experiences. First, various datasets of forms were produced using a parametric algorithm of free-form space structures written in Grasshopper. Then, three multilayer perceptron ANN models were adjusted in their most optimal modes using the results of the preference test based on the aesthetic criteria including simplicity, complexity, and practicality. The results indicate that the ANN models can quantitatively evaluate the aesthetic value of free-form space structures.
An Endpoint Functional Continuous Uncertainty Principle
Authors: KRISHNA K. MAHESH
Published: August 2023

Let $(\Omega, \mu)$, $(\Delta, \nu)$ be measure spaces. Let $(\{f_\alpha\}_{\alpha\in \Omega}, \{\tau_\alpha\}_{\alpha\in \Omega})$ and $(\{g_\beta\}_{\beta\in \Delta}, \{\omega_\beta\}_{\beta\in \Delta})$ be continuous 1-Schauder frames for a Banach space $\mathcal{X}$. Then for every $x \in \mathcal{X}\setminus\{0\}$, we show that \begin{align*} \mu(\operatorname{supp}(\theta_f x)) \geq \frac{1}{\displaystyle\sup_{\alpha \in \Omega, \beta \in \Delta}|f_\alpha(\omega_\beta)|}, \quad \nu(\operatorname{supp}(\theta_g x))\geq \frac{1}{\displaystyle\sup_{\alpha \in \Omega , \beta \in \Delta}|g_\beta(\tau_\alpha)|}. \end{align*} where \begin{align*} &\theta_f: \mathcal{X} \ni x \mapsto \theta_fx \in \mathcal{L}^1(\Omega, \mu); \quad \theta_fx: \Omega \ni \alpha \mapsto (\theta_fx) (\alpha):= f_\alpha (x) \in \mathbb{K},\\ &\theta_g: \mathcal{X} \ni x \mapsto \theta_gx \in \mathcal{L}^1(\Delta, \nu); \quad \theta_gx: \Delta \ni \beta \mapsto (\theta_gx) (\beta):= g_\beta (x) \in \mathbb{K}. \end{align*} This solves a problem asked by K. M. Krishna in the paper 'Functional Continuous Uncertainty Principle' \textit{[arXiv:2308.00312v1]}.
Adverse Events After Surgical Treatment of Adult Diaphyseal Forearm Fractures
Authors: Vasara Henri , Aspinen Samuli , Kosola Jussi , Sartanen Juha , Naalisvaara Tuomo , Myllykoski Jan , Stenroos Antti
Published: August 2023

Update

This article was updated on April 5, 2024, because of a previous error. On page 2, in the bottom right of Figure 1, the text that had previously read “202 (43%) patients with Isolated Radial Fractures” now reads “202 (43%) patients with Both-Bone Fractures.”

An erratum has been published: JBJS Open Access. 2024;9(2):e22.00115ER.

Background:

The incidence of and risk factors for adverse events after internal fixation of diaphyseal forearm fractures have not been well defined in the current literature. The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of adverse events after diaphyseal forearm fracture surgery in adults and explore potential risk factors for adverse events.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective, multicenter, cohort study in which we evaluated all diaphyseal forearm fractures between 2009 and 2019 in patients presenting to 4 trauma hospitals in southern Finland. Patients <16 years of age and fracture-dislocations were excluded. There were 470 patients included in this study. Patient records were evaluated to identify and analyze adverse events.

Results:

There were 202 patients with both-bone fractures, 164 patients with isolated ulnar fractures, and 104 patients with isolated radial fractures. In total, 146 patients (31%) experienced an adverse event; 83 (18%) had major adverse events (persistent or requiring surgical intervention). The patients underwent procedures performed by 185 different surgeons. The median number of operations for a single surgeon was 2 (range, 1 to 12). The most common major adverse events were plate and screw-related issues (6%), nonunion (5%), persistent nerve injuries (4%), and refractures (4%). Higher body mass index, Gustilo-Anderson type-II open fractures, both-bone fractures, isolated radial fractures, and operations performed by junior residents were found to be risk factors for adverse events in the multivariable analysis.

Conclusions:

Adverse events after diaphyseal forearm fracture surgery are common. We recommend concentrating these operations in a limited team of surgeons and restricting inexperienced surgeons from operating on these fractures without supervision.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Subperiosteal versus Subdural Drainage in Burr-Hole Trepanation for Chronic Subdural Hematomas: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Su Gao-Jian , Zhang Di , Wu Jia-Nuo , Deng Yu-Hang , Wu Chu-Wei , Liu Gao-Lin , Huang Xian-jian
Published: August 2023

Background
Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common neurological disorder in older patients, and immediate outcomes of surgery for CSDH are satisfactory. However, the evidence for subperiosteal drainage (SPD) versus subdural drainage (SDD) in CSDH remains controversial. In this study, we aimed to assess the latest evidence on the use of SPD versus SDD in patients with CSDH who underwent burr hole evacuation.
Methods
We performed a systematic literature search on the use of SPD compared with that of SDD in patients with CSDH in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane online databases from inception until December 2021. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined for eligible studies. A fixed-effects model was used when homogeneity was observed.
Results
A total of 1013 participants from six studies were included. There were no significant differences in the recurrence rate (odds ratios [OR], 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61–1.26; I2 = 0%; P = 0.47) or the mortality rate (P = 0.89) between the SPD and SDD groups. Additionally, various characteristics, including the rate of subsequent seizures (P = 0.74), sex distribution (P = 0.37), and favorable clinical outcome rates (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.74–1.72; I2 = 0%; P = 0.58), were also similar between the two groups. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the effects of antithrombotic agents between the two groups (P = 0.12).
Conclusions
There were no differences in recurrence rates, sex distribution, postoperative mortality, seizures, favorable outcomes (modified Rankin scale score: 0–3), or effects of antithrombotic agents between the SPD and SDD groups. These findings suggest that both SPD and SDD are equally effective in treating patients with CSDH.
Leader-follower green traffic assignment problem with online supervised machine learning solution approach
Authors: Sadra Mahmud , Zaferanieh Mehdi , Yazdimoghaddam Jafar
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we propose a bi-level traffic assignment problem where at the upper-level the total traffic CO emission objective function is evaluated and at the lower level, the traffic assignment objective function is considered. At the upper level, the total emission objective function is considered as the main objective from a macroscopic view point of the system manager. At the lower level, the traffic assignment problem is considered to optimize the users’ travel times, individually. Although the lower-level objective function is convex with some linear constraints, the proposed bi-objective problem is np-hard, and even finding a near-optimal solution is also np-hard. Hence, we applied a pioneer online supervised machine learning (SML) algorithm to find the optimal solutions in a reasonable running time. The validity of the online SML is verified through some real urban transportation examples in medium and large-sized networks.
More than three-fold increase of compound soil and air dryness across Europe by end of 21st century
Authors: Shekhar Ankit , Humphrey Vincent , Buchmann Nina , Gharun Mana
Published: August 2023

Increases in air temperature leads to increased dryness of the air and potentially develops increased dryness in the soil. Extreme dryness (in the soil and/or in the atmosphere) affects the capacity of ecosystems for functioning and for modulating the climate for example through CO2 uptake or evaporative cooling. Here, we used daily soil moisture and vapor pressure deficit data of high spatial resolution (~ 0.1° ´ 0.1°) from 1950-2100 to show that compared to the reference period (1950-1990), the frequency and intensity of extreme soil dryness, extreme air dryness, and compound extreme dryness (i.e., co-occurrence of extreme soil and air dryness) has increased over last 31 years (1991-2021) and will further continue to increase in the future until 2100 across Europe. This increased intensity and frequency was most pronounced over broadleaved forests, croplands, and grasslands. Such future climate-change induced increase in extreme dry conditions could alter ecosystem functioning across Europe.
Competition between transcription and loop extrusion modulates promoter and enhancer dynamics
Authors: Sexton Tom , Platania Angeliki , Erb Cathie , Barbieri Mariano , Molcrette Bastien , Grandgirard Erwan , de Kort Marit , Meaburn Karen , Taylor Tiegh , Shchuka Virlana , Kocanova Silvia , Oliveira Guilherme , Mitchell Jennifer , Soutoglou Evi , Lenstra Tineke , Molina Nacho , Papantonis Argyris , Bystricky Kerstin
Published: August 2023

The spatiotemporal configuration of genes with distal regulatory elements, and the impact of chromatin mobility on transcription, remain unclear. Loop extrusion is an attractive model for bringing genetic elements together, but how this functionally interacts with transcription is also largely unknown. We combine live tracking of genomic loci and nascent transcripts with molecular dynamics simulations to assess the spatiotemporal arrangement of the Sox2 gene and its enhancer, in response to a battery of perturbations. We find a close link between chromatin mobility and transcriptional status: active elements display more constrained mobility, consistent with confinement within specialized nuclear sites, and alterations in enhancer mobility distinguish poised from transcribing alleles. Strikingly, we find that whereas loop extrusion and transcription factor-mediated clustering contribute to promoter-enhancer proximity, they have antagonistic effects on chromatin dynamics. This provides an experimental framework for the underappreciated role of chromatin dynamics in genome regulation.
Is a Keystone Bone Anomaly The Main Cause of Pes Planus?
Authors: Payas Ahmet , Batın Sabri
Published: August 2023

Background
In flexible pes planus, the height of the arcus pedis longitudinalis medialis (APLM) collapses during weight bearing. We think that this may be caused by anomalies in the bones that support the arches against the compression load. For this purpose, the volume (cm3) and superficial area (cm2) ratios of the foot bones were calculated using foot computed tomography (CT) images of individuals with pes planus and compared with healthy individuals
Methods
Fifteen pes planus patients diagnosed with pes planus in our clinic and with an APLM angle greater than 145 degrees and 15 healthy male participants were included. The foot computed tomography (CT) images of the participants were taken with a General Electric brand IQ model 32 detector CT device in accordance with the bone protocol, with a section thickness of 0.625 mm. Foot bones were segmented from the obtained CT images with the help of the 3D Slicer program.
Results
The os cuneiforme mediale and os cuneiforme intermedium volume and superficial area ratios of the pes planus group were significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.05). There was no difference between the groups in the volume and superficial area ratios of the other foot bones (p > 0.05).
Conclusion
We think that pes planus is primarily caused by os cuniforme mediale and os cuneiforme intermedium developmental anomalies, which act as a keystone in the formation of arches.
Optics miniaturization strategy for demanding Raman spectroscopy applications
Authors: Ilchenko Oleksii , Pilhun Yurii , Kutsyk Andrii , Slobodianiuk Denys , Goksel Yaman , Dumont Elodie , Vaut Lukas , Mazzoni Chiara , Morelli Lidia , Rindzevicius Tomas , Andersen Thomas , Lassen Mikael , Mundhada Hemanshu , Jendresen Christian , Philipsen Peter , Hædersdal Merete , Boisen Anja
Published: August 2023

Raman spectroscopy provides non-destructive, label-free quantitative studies of chemical compositions at the microscale as used on NASA’s Perseverance rover on Mars. Such capabilities come at the cost of extremely high requirements for instrumentation. Here we present a centimeter-scale miniaturization using cheap non-stabilized laser diodes, densely-packed optics, and non-cooled small sensors, while the performance is comparable with expensive bulky research-grade Raman systems. It has excellent sensitivity, low power consumption, perfect wavenumber, intensity calibration, and 7cm-1 resolution within the 400–4000 cm-1 range using a built-in reference. We present solutions to Raman miniaturization challenges: laser temperature and power stabilization, reduction of sensor dark noise, compensation on pixel-to-pixel quantum efficiency variation, laser optical isolation and high spectral resolution. Moreover, shifted-excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS) and spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) functions are compatible. High performance and versatility are demonstrated in use cases including quantification of methanol in beverages, in-vivo Raman measurements of human skin, quantification of p-coumaric acid and serine in bacterial fermentations, chemical Raman mapping at sub-micrometer resolution, quantitative SERS mapping of the anti-cancer drug methotrexate and in-vitro bacteria identification by Raman mapping. We foresee that the miniaturization will allow realization of super-compact Raman spectrometers for integration in smartphones and medical devices, democratizing Raman technology.
Assessing Natural Incidence of Resident Pupal Parasitoids on the Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Population in Non-Crop Fruits
Authors: Biancheri María Josefina Buonocore , Suárez Lorena del Carmen , Ponssa Marcos Darío , Kirschbaum Daniel Santiago , Garcia Flavio Roberto Mello , Ovruski Sérgio Marcelo
Published: August 2023

Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), world-renowned as spotted-wing drosophila, is an invasive pest mainly affecting healthy, soft and stone fruit crops throughout Argentinian fruit-growing regions. Natural environments overgrown by exotic feral host plants apparently favour D. suzukii proliferation. This is common in the subtropical north-western Argentina's berry-producing region. An assemblage of resident parasitoid species has been associated with D. suzukii in crop and non-crop areas of Tucumán, the Argentina's leading berries producer and exporter. Consequently, the hypothesis that the combined action of two pupal parasitoid species, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae Rondani (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and Trichopria anastrephae Lima (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae), occurring in non-crop fruit areas, has a significant impact on D. suzukii natural regulation in such invaded habitats was tested. A survey of D. suzukii puparia from both feral peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] (Rosaceae) and guava (Psydium guajava L.) (Myrtaceae) fallen fruits and soil surrounding them was performed in a wilderness area of Tucumán. Fruit infestation level and parasitism rates were assessed. Whole of 3,437 D. suzukii puparia were recovered; 78% and 22% were surveyed from fruits and soil underneath the fruit, respectively. Both P. vindemiae and T. anastrephae accounted for 99.8% of total parasitoid individuals. Both tested fruits are important D. suzukii multiplying hosts. Both parasitoids are relevant contributors to the D. suzukii natural mortality, as they killed a quarter of all puparia. Mostly T. anastrephae foraged on host puparia located in the fruit and P. vindemiae in both microhabitats. This information supports an augmentative biological control strategy in non-crop areas.
The barriers to seeking Mental Health services in King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences
Authors: Alaqeel Meshal K. , Alkhudairy Faris A. , Basuliman Abdullah S. , Alsubaie Abdullah M. , Alqahtani Faisal N. , Almkainzi Hanan A.
Published: August 2023

Aim:The mental health of college students, especially medical students, is a major issue worldwide. Depression and anxiety are among the top causes of death among people aged 15 to 29 years old. Mental health disorders, especially mood disorders such as depression and anxiety, are common among university students. Psychological problems can negatively impact academic performance and life satisfaction. The earlier mental illness is detected, the better the treatment and outcome. This study aimed to determine the barriers among students to seeking mental health services. Knowing these will improve the services provided by the student wellness clinic.Methods:This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was carried out at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia The cross-sectional questionnaire-based study involved 434 students: 72.1% men and 27.9% women. This study had a response rate of 28.5% and responses were gathered in May 2023.Results:The top 3 barriers identified in this study were “Feeling that my problems are not important,” “Concern that no one will understand my problems,” and “Difficulty with access to care.” The majority of students reported feeling “I feel reluctance a little” to use mental health services; 31.4% chose “I need it a little” when asked whether they needed to use mental health services. Furthermore, 34.8% of students had mild anxiety, and 34.1% had mild depression.Conclusion:Mental illness is a serious issue, which is why medical students should be aware of it to improve their quality of life and reduce the stress and obstacles they face. Medical schools should address awareness of mental illness and how to approach a clinic. This is important for students to succeed and overcome the psychological difficulties that might affect academic performance. In addition, recognizing the barriers will help achieve better outcomes in seeking help and utilizing existing services.
Investigation of phyllosphere Microorganism-Azolla Interaction: Insights into Incidence Rates and Metagenomic Analysis
Authors: Yang Yan-Qiu , Deng Sufang , Yang Youquan , Ying Zhao-Yang
Published: August 2023

Background: Azolla is a versatile aquatic fern that is rich in nutrients and possesses valuable antibacterial components, making it a useful green manure and medicinal raw plant material. However, the growth of Azolla is affected by microorganisms under different environmental conditions, the investigation on the interaction between microorganisms and Azolla is one of the crucial projects for Azollaexploration and application.
Results: In this study, we cultivated two different Azolla species, Azolla imbricata (Aim) and Azolla pinnata (Api), under identical condition to investigate their respective incidence rates. Metagenome analysis of phyllosphere microorganisms was performed to uncover the interaction between Azollaand microorganisms. Our results revealed significantly higher incidence rates in Aim compared to Api. The microbiological community taxonomy showed a predominance of Proteobacteria phylum and Burkholderiales order, with higher proportions in the Aim group. Conversely, the Api group had higher proportions of Cyanobacteria phylum, Nostocales order, Nostocaceae family, and Trichormusgenus. Moreover, pathogenic bacteria exhibited a higher relative abundance in the Aim group. We further analyzed significant differences in KEGG pathways between the two groups and identified the top 10 enriched pathways. Additionally, according to the resistance gene analysis results, five resistant genes showed different patterns between Api and Aim groups. Expect AAC6-IIa, the other five resistant genes had a higher abundance in Aim than in Api.
Conclusions: The greater disease susceptibility of Aim compared to Api may be linked to the microbial community structure of the two species. The variations in microbial community structure could be influenced by the antibacterial components present in Api, whereas Aim may lack or have lower levels of these antibacterial components.These findings provide insights into the microorganisms-Azolla interaction, aiding the development of strategies to enhance Azolla growth and utilization.
A survey of Reinforcement and Deep reinforcement learning for Coordination in Intelligent Traffic Light Control
Authors: Saadi Aicha , Abghour Noureddine , Chiba Zouhair , Moussaid Khalid , Ali Saadi
Published: August 2023

Intelligent traffic signal control is required for a transportation system to function properly. In contrast to existing traffic signals, where rules are typically developed manually, an intelligent traffic signal control system should dynamically adapt to real-time traffic. The use of reinforcement learning for intelligent traffic signal control is a growing trend, and recent studies have shown promising results. However, none of the current studies have tested actual traffic data yet. This paper presents the primary techniques learning and methods (RL, DL, DRL).The analysis of each technique, the learning of its strengths and limitations, in order to evaluate at which levels they satisfy the requirements of urban traffic. The paper also lines some of the simulators, which perform adaptive traffic.
Mechanical Response and Crack Evolution Law of Coal and Rock Mass Under Different True Triaxial Stress
Authors: Shi‧ Wenbao , Xu‧ Qingzhao , Miao‧ Zhuang , Qi‧ Chao , Chang‧ Jucai , li chuanming
Published: August 2023

In order to study the mechanical response and crack evolution law of surrounding rock under different stress environments in deep high ground stress mines, the true triaxial disturbed unloading rock test system was used to realize the original rock stress occurrence environment, and the mechanical properties of coal and rock mass with different intermediate principal stresses were studied. The intermediate principal stress deviatoric stress model was established to analyze the crack evolution law of coal and rock mass under different stress environments. The results show that when the intermediate principal stress is 3MPa, 6MPa, 10MPa and 14MPa, with the increase of intermediate principal stress, the deformation in this direction is further inhibited, and the elastic modulus and peak strength of coal and rock mass are enhanced, but the increase of coal is weaker than that of sandstone. The lateral expansion of rock mainly appears along the direction of minimum principal stress, and the development of cracks appears on the plane of σ1-σ3 and expands along the direction of σ2. From the proportion of RA-AF value, it is found that the increase of intermediate principal stress aggravates the development of shear cracks in coal and reduces the development of shear cracks in sandstone. Based on the acoustic emission signal (ringing count, cumulative energy), it is found that with the increase of intermediate principal stress, the acoustic emission signal of coal and rock mass gradually tends to be stable in the elastic stage, and the cumulative energy curve of sandstone shows ladder-like fluctuation. When the failure occurs, the acoustic emission signal of coal and rock mass increases with the increase of intermediate principal stress. The acoustic emission signal is very active when the coal and rock mass is close to failure, and the ringing count and cumulative energy increase suddenly, which indicates that the rock is about to fail. The acoustic emission activity can be used as a precursory information for judging the rock failure. The research results can provide an experimental basis for the sudden instability of deep high ground stress roadway.
Enhancing Eco-Friendly Natural Rubber Composites through the Incorporation of Spent Coffee Grounds
Authors: Somdee Patcharapon , Shettar Manjunath , Prasoetsopha Natkritta , Detsunhnoen Saksan , Matnok Suchat , Ansari Manauwar Ali
Published: August 2023

This research aimed to enhance the physical properties of natural rubber (NR) by incorporating spent coffee grounds (SCGs) as a filler. SEM analysis displayed embedded and evenly dispersed SCG particles in the NR matrix, without any interaction due to the use of unmodified SCG particles. The addition of SCG resulted in a notable increase of up to 49.90 (~ 19% increment compared to unmodified sample) in Shore-A hardness of the composite material; however, the tensile strength and tear strength showed a decline with increasing SCG fraction. Optimal tear strength was achieved with 10 phr of SCG, attributed to the appropriate fraction and uniform dispersion of SCG in the NR matrix. The 300% modulus remained unaffected, indicating no chemical bonding between SCG and NR particles. The study also explored the odor of composites. Odor absorption efficiency (CO2 reduction) peaked at 2% compared to various SCG fractions (0–25 phr), and the highest increment of 69.2% in CO2 absorption observed at 25 phr compared to unmodified sample. Additionally, due to the unmodified surface of SCG influenced scorch and cure time when SCG content increased up to 20 phr. Scorch time increased (2.12% at 1 phr to 23.40% at 20 phr), and the cure time improved (3.12% at 1 phr to 76.82% at 20 phr).
Intraocular Complement Activation Is Independent of Systemic Complement Activation and Is Related to Macular Vascular Remodelling in Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Liu Hengwei , Zhou Yufan , Qi Jinyan , Liang Shengnan , Guo Tingting , Chen Juan , Tan Huanhuan , Wang Jie , Xu Heping , Chen Zhongping
Published: August 2023

Background
Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a major cause of vision loss. The pathogenesis remains poorly defined although inflammation is known to play a critical role. In this study, we investigated the levels of complement proteins in the aqueous humour and plasma of RVO participants and the relationship between complement levels and retinal pathologies.
Methods
The plasma and aqueous humour were collected from 20 untreated RVO and 20 cataract patients. Retinal lesions were examined by fundus stereoscopy and optical coherence tomography angiography. The levels of C1q, C2, C4, C4b, C3, C3b/iC3b, C5, C5a, CFB, CFD, CFI, CFH, and MBL were measured using the Luminex® x MAP® multiplex assay.
Results
RVO patients had significantly higher levels of C4, C4b, C3b/iC3b, CFB, CFI, and CFH in the plasma and aqueous humour compared to controls. The aqueous levels of C1q, C2, C5, C5a, CFD and MBL were also significantly higher in RVO patients than in controls. C5a was below detectable limit in the plasma in 18 and 16 participants with cataract and RVO, respectively. The intraocular levels of C5a positively correlated with C2, C4, CFB, and CFH. The intraocular levels of C2, CFB, CFH, and MBL negatively correlated with the size of foveal avascular zone. The plasma levels of C4, C4b, C5, CFD positively correlated with their counterparts in the aqueous humour in cataract patients but not in RVO.
Conclusions
The intraocular complement activation in RVO is mediated by the classical and the alternative pathways and is largely independent of systemic complement activation. Intraocular complement activation is related to retinal oedema and vascular remodeling in RVO patients.
Consequence assessment and behavioral patterns of inhibition in decision-making: modelling its underlying mechanisms
Authors: Cecchini Gloria , DePass Michael , Baspinar Emre , Andujar Marta , Ramawat Surabhi , Pani Pierpaolo , Ferraina Stefano , Destexhe Alain , Moreno-Bote Ruben , Cos Ignasi
Published: August 2023

Learning to make decisions depends on exploring options, experiencing their consequence, and reassessing the strategy. Several studies have analyzed various aspects of value-based decision-making, focusing on cued and immediate gratification. By contrast, how the brain gauges delayed consequence for decision-making remains poorly understood.

We designed a decision-making task in which decisions altered future options. In the absence of any explicit performance feedback, participants had to test and internally assess specific criteria to make optimal decisions. This task was designed to specifically study how the assessment of consequence forms and influences decisions as learning progresses. We analyzed behavior results to characterize individual differences in reaction times, decision strategies, and learning rates.

We formalized this operation mathematically by means of a multi-layered decision-making model. The first layer described the dynamics of two populations of neurons characterizing the decision-making process. The other two layers modulated the decision-making policy by dynamically adapting an oversight learning mechanism. The model was validated by fitting individual participants’ behavior and it faithfully predicted non-trivial patterns of decision-making.

These findings provided an explanation to how delayed consequence may be computed and incorporated into the neural dynamics of decision-making, and to how learning occurs in the absence of explicit feedback.
The association of diet quality scores with the adverse pregnancy outcomes
Authors: He Jin , Li Yan , Chi Yang , Meng Yizi , Mo Yanxiang , Chen Chen , Qu Bo
Published: August 2023

Gestational weight gain (GWG) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), as two major adverse pregnancy outcomes, could be affected by diet patterns, and GWG also influenced GDM. Therefore, we aimed to explore the four diet quality scores and two adverse pregnancy outcomes in a more macroscopic way. 667 women for GWG part and 333 women for GDM part who were pregnant from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), aged 20 to 44 years, were involved in this study, respectively. Four diet quality scores including dietary inflammatory index (DII), dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Healthy Eating In-dex-2015 (HEI-2015), and Alternative Healthy Eating Index–2010 (AHEI-2010) were chosen in this study. We found that higher HEI-2015 and AHEI-2010 were associated with lower risk of GWG, especially for advanced maternal age. Lower DII and higher DASH were associated with lower risk of GDM. These associations were robust after excluding the diabetic patients. For pregnant women with GWG, DASH was negatively associated with the risk of GDM. Summarily, adherence of healthy dietary pattern associated with decreased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. We recommended advanced maternal age women to adherence of HEI-2015 and AHEI-2010 to prevent GWG. For pregnant women with GWG, adherence of DASH was benefit to GDM.