bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diabetes Health Literacy as Correlate of Hospital Readmission Among Diabetes Patients
Authors: Aliyu Muheenat Abolanle , Wennie Jummai
Published: December 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health challenge requiring effective self-care, education, and management to reduce complications and hospital readmissions. This study examined the relationship between diabetes health literacy and hospital readmissions among 277 diabetes patients across three healthcare facilities in Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria. Data on self-care knowledge, self-efficacy, and self-management were collected and analyzed using Pearson correlation at a 0.05 significance level. Results showed strong positive correlations between higher diabetes health literacy and reduced hospital readmissions, with self-care knowledge (r = 0.969, p < 0.05), self-efficacy (r = 0.950, p < 0.05), and self-management (r = 0.876, p < 0.05) as key determinants. Limited health literacy predicted adverse outcomes, emphasizing the need for targeted education and psychosocial support. The findings highlight the importance of integrated care models addressing educational, psychological, and behavioural dimensions to improve diabetes outcomes and reduce healthcare burdens in resource-limited settings.
Dissemination of false information as a mean of hybrid warfare
Authors: RUDNYK L.
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the study of a number of concepts that are often equated both in public life and in legal science and legislative practice, namely “misinformation”, “unreliable information”, “false rumours”. The opinion regarding the impossibility of their interchangeability is argued. It is determined that unverified information may turn out to be either true or unreliable (false). There are examples of the fact that unverified information about the actions of the authorities undermines confidence in the state authorities. Attention is focused on the fact that the dissemination of unverified information by mass media is not always intended to cause damage or negative consequences, but they may occur. It is emphasized that “misinformation”, “unreliable information” should be used separately, and “unreliable information” and “false rumors” can be used interchangeably, and a separate category is “unverified information”, the authenticity of which can be proven. Attention is focused on the fact that the lack of legislative consolidation of the categories “information war” and “hybrid war” both at the national and international level leads to a number of negative consequences, in particular, regarding the difficulties of bringing the aggressor state to justice.
Problems of determining the authorship of inventions created using artificial intelligence: the experience of the USA
Authors: MYKHAILENKO V.
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the legal regulation of problematic issues in the intellectual property sphere related to determining patentability and inventorship on inventions created using artificial intelligence. The purpose of the study is to analyze the experience of the United States Patent and Trademark Office for further development of national documents that will regulate these issues. The article examines how these issues are addressed in the United States as one of the leading countries in innovation, whose authorities keep artificial intelligence-related issues under close control and regulation. The article analyzes the content and structure of the “Inventorship Guidance for AI-Assisted Inventions”. The study of national legislation has shown the relevance of developing similar regulations in Ukraine. The author substantiates the need to create recommendations similar to the recommendations mentioned above of the US Patent Office which would explain to all interested parties the conceptual foundations and practical approaches to patentability and inventorship on inventions created using artificial intelligence.
Legal aspects of critical infrastructure cybersecurity provision: national and international dimension
Authors: DOVHAN O. , TKACHUK T.
Published: December 2024

The article examines the legal aspects of ensuring cybersecurity of critical infrastructure, which is a fundamental element of national security in the modern world. Critical infrastructure, such as energy systems, transport networks, the banking sector and government institutions, are of particular value and at the same time are the most vulnerable to cyber threats.  Given the constant increase in the number and complexity  of cyber incidents,  ensuring  legal regulation of this area is a key challenge for states. The paper analyzes the national legislation of Ukraine, in particular the legislative acts regulating the cybersecurity of critical infrastructure, such as the Law of Ukraine “On the Basic Principles of Ensuring Cybersecurity of Ukraine” and related regulatory legal acts. It examines the extent to which these documents meet modern challenges, including the conditions of martial law, increasing digitalization and globalization of cyber threats. Particular attention is paid to information protection mechanisms and interdepartmental coordination, as well as their effectiveness in practical implementation. The article also considers international experience in the field of cybersecurity, in particular the approaches implemented in the European Union, the USA and other countries. An analysis of key international standards and recommendations, such as NIST, ISO/IEC 27001, and the European NIS2 Directive, is carried out, which are aimed at increasing the resilience of critical infrastructure to cyber threats. It shows how international cooperation and integration into global initiatives, including NATO, OSCE and EU, can contribute to improving cybersecurity at the national level. The results of the study revealed a number of problems that complicate the effective legal regulation of cybersecurity in Ukraine: the lack of a comprehensive approach to cyber risk management, weak integration of international standards into national legislation, limited resources to respond to cyber threats. The paper proposes specific ways to improve legal regulation, including harmonizing national legislation with international norms, developing clear mechanisms for cooperation between government agencies, the private sector and international partners, as well as strengthening the training of cybersecurity specialists. The paper emphasizes the importance of strategic planning in the field of cybersecurity, the formation of long-term state policy and the active involvement of international organizations in the development of this industry. The article may be useful for academics, civil servants, private sector representatives and international experts dealing with cybersecurity, information security and legal regulation in the context of digitalization.
MANAJEMEN STRES PADA MAHASISWA SEMESTER AKHIR PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS UNIVERSITAS CITRA BANGSA
Authors: Jaha Dortean Amelia Jois , Prasetia Ate Christmas
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi gejala stres dan strategi manajemen stres yang digunakan oleh mahasiswa tingkat akhir program studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris di Universitas Citra Bangsa. Studi ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi, melibatkan 11 mahasiswa yang sedang menyelesaikan skripsi. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam untuk memahami pengalaman subjektif mahasiswa dalam menghadapi tekanan akademik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa mengalami berbagai gejala stres, baik fisik maupun psikis, seperti kelelahan, jantung berdebar, kesulitan berkonsentrasi, dan kecemasan. Untuk mengatasi stres, mahasiswa menggunakan berbagai strategi manajemen stres, termasuk beristirahat sejenak, berpikir positif, berdiskusi dengan teman, serta melakukan kegiatan lain seperti mendengarkan musik atau berjalan-jalan. Penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya dukungan institusional dalam mengurangi tekanan akademik pada mahasiswa. Institusi pendidikan diharapkan menyediakan layanan konseling, ruang tenang, dan program pelatihan manajemen stres untuk membantu mahasiswa mengatasi stres. Temuan ini memberikan wawasan tentang bagaimana menciptakan lingkungan akademik yang mendukung kesejahteraan mental dan emosional mahasiswa, sehingga mereka dapat mencapai kesuksesan akademik dan pribadi.
ANALISIS GAYA BAHASA PADA KUMPULAN PUISI MAHASISWI PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS
Authors: Ate Christmas Prasetia
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penggunaan gaya bahasa dalam puisi karya salah satu mahasiswi program studi pendidikan bahasa Inggris, FKIP, Universitas Citra Bangsa yang dipublikasikan pada salah satu koran elektronik di kota Kupang. Metode penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif analitis, menggunakan teknik studi pustaka dan analisis teks. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam kumpulan puisi tersebut menggunakan tujuh jenis gaya bahasa dalam puisinya: personifikasi, metafora, hiperbola, paralelisme, antitetis, repetisi, dan simbolisme. Temuan ini mengindikasikan kemampuan mahasiswi dalam memanfaatkan gaya bahasa untuk menciptakan makna dan efek estetis yang mendalam. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan tentang peran gaya bahasa dalam pengembangan kemampuan berbahasa dan kreativitas mahasiswa di bidang sastra.
Beneficiario Controlador en México: su Evolución hacia la Transparencia, Cumplimiento Normativo y un Integro Gobierno Corporativo
Authors: González Torres Ana Karen , Cambero Quezada Guillermo
Published: December 2024

Si bien es cierto que la figura de Beneficiario Controlador surgió con el nacimiento de la Ley Federal para la Prevención e Identificación de Operaciones con Recursos de Procedencia Ilícita, publicada en el Diario Oficial de la Federación el día 17 de octubre de 2012 (EL CONGRESO GENERAL DE LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS MEXICANOS, 2012), también lo es que esta figura sigue siendo un tema actual, relevante y poco conocido y explorado en México, derivado de las reformas en nuestro Código Fiscal de la Federación publicadas en el Diario Oficial de la Federación el día 12 de noviembre de 2021 (EL CONGRESO GENERAL DE LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS MEXICANOS, 2021), donde surgieron nuevas obligaciones fiscales, abordadas a lo largo de este artículo, caso contrario en países como Alemania, Canadá, Estados Unidos, Francia, Italia, Japón y Reino Unido, mejor conocidos como el Grupo de los Siete G-7, quienes están muy familiarizados con el tema, ya que desde 1989 crearon el Grupo de Acción Financiera Internacional (GAFI), cuyo principal objetivo siempre ha sido luchar contra el lavado de dinero y el financiamiento al terrorismo. Ahora bien, con el objetivo de conocer que es el Beneficiario Controlador y como saber identificarlo en las operaciones y transacciones que día a día se presentan, se analizaron sus antecedentes, definiciones, los criterios para determinar la condición de beneficiario controlador de las personas físicas o morales y cuáles son los mecanismos para identificarlo, obtener y conservar la información actualizada sobre él y de estar en los supuestos que información y documentación se debe recabar, así como las multas millonarias en caso de su incumplimiento; se abordó la figura de Beneficiario Controlador desde el Derecho Comparado y se evalúo su eficacia y cumplimiento de las recomendaciones número 24 y 25 del antes mencionado Grupo de Acción Financiera Internacional (GAFI) de diversos países, obteniendo dicha información de fuentes, tales como el Código Fiscal de la Federación (CFF), la Resolución Miscelánea Fiscal (RMF), la Ley Federal para la Prevención e Identificación de Operaciones con Recursos de Procedencia Ilícita (PRIORPI), las recomendaciones del Grupo de Acción Financiera Internacional (GAFI) así como de diversos autores y demás fuentes bibliográficas. Concluyendo que la falta de un Registro de los Beneficiarios Controladores y la solicitud de información y documentación excesiva entorpece el cumplimiento de las obligaciones a nuestra legislación.
Manejo de Estereotipias en Equinos con Tratamientos a Base de Canabidiol (CBD): Una Revisión Bibliográfica
Authors: Hoyos Vásquez Maria Estefanía , Rivera Herrera Angie Carolina , Restrepo López Mariana
Published: December 2024

Este artículo de revisión tiene como objetivo sintetizar los hallazgos sobre el uso del cannabidiol (CBD) en el tratamiento de estereotipias en equinos, un problema conductual común asociado al estrés y la ansiedad en estos animales. Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva en bases de datos académicas para identificar estudios relevantes sobre el CBD y su impacto en conductas repetitivas. Los estudios seleccionados abarcan investigaciones en equinos y humanos para proporcionar una base comparativa sólida. Los resultados muestran que el CBD actúa principalmente modulando el sistema endocannabinoide, reduciendo la frecuencia e intensidad de estereotipias como el “cribbing”, el “weaving” y el “box walking”, al disminuir los niveles de ansiedad y estrés.  Sin embargo, se observan variaciones en la respuesta individual, lo cual sugiere que los tratamientos deben adaptarse según las características de cada equino. A nivel farmacocinético, se determinó que la administración oral de CBD es generalmente segura y bien tolerada en dosis controladas, aunque las dosis más altas pueden producir efectos sedantes leves. En conclusión, aunque el CBD muestra potencial como una herramienta terapéutica para mejorar el bienestar de los equinos, se requiere más investigación para establecer protocolos de dosificación óptimos y específicos para esta especie.
La Comprensión Lectora y su Influencia en la Resolución de Problemas Matemáticos del Entorno en los Estudiantes de Octavo Año de Educación Básica
Authors: Vinces Vásquez Verónica Alexandra , Olmedo Cagua Necita Celeste , Chamorro Bermeo Magali Alexandra , Chamorro Bermeo María del Carmen , Acosta Benavides Vicente Joselito
Published: December 2024

El desarrollo de habilidades de pensamiento que se presenta entre la comprensión lectora y la resolución de problemas matemáticos, guardan una estrecha relación entre sí. Cabe indicar que el proceso de resolución de problemas matemáticos permite que los estudiantes eleven su capacidad mental para ejercitar su creatividad, proponer reflexiones y mejorar sus procesos de pensamiento, pero se ha logrado identificar que una gran cantidad de estudiantes tienen serias dificultades en la comprensión lectora, puesto que no poseen las habilidades, destrezas y competencias necesarias para analizar, deducir o construir significados a partir de enunciados matemáticos. Esta investigación de enfoque mixto y de diseño exploratoria – descriptiva tiene el propósito de conocer cómo influye la comprensión lectora en la resolución de problemas matemáticos en los estudiantes de octavo año de EGB de la Unidad Educativa “Ernesto Albán Mosquera”. Para ello se investigaron 40 estudiantes y 2 docentes de área de Matemática mediante la aplicación de una encuesta estructurada. Como conclusión se identificó que el nivel que poseen los estudiantes para comprender y razonar la resolución de los problemas matemáticos son bastante deficientes puesto que no se ha logrado desarrollar habilidades de análisis y comprensión, lo que da lugar a un bajo desempeño académico.
Sistema Didáctico para la Determinación del Número de Reynolds Mediante una Interfaz Gráfica
Authors: Oregan Silva María de Jesús , Martínez Rosales Andrés , Vásquez Jiménez Juan Carlos , Barbosa Contreras Jonathan Esteban , Leal López Luis Antonio
Published: December 2024

En algunas ingenierías se cursan asignaturas como:  termodinámica, análisis de fluidos, estudio de reactores, etc., en donde se tenga que estudiar el comportamiento de determinados fluidos en cuanto al cálculo del número de Reynolds. En este caso considerando en el Instituto Tecnológico de Tehuacán específicamente en la Carrera de Ingeniería Mecatrónica, no se cuenta con un equipo que físico en donde se pueda experimentar el comportamiento de los fluidos. El equipo aporta dos métodos principales de comprobación:  el equipo físico por donde se puede apreciar pasar el líquido y la interfaz donde se muestra el número de Reynolds y un puntero dinámico que se mueve a través de una gráfica basada en el diagrama de Moody (Factor de fricción / Número de Reynolds). Se logra obtener un equipo a bajo costo donde los mismos estudiantes de ingeniería podrán operar el equipo y experimentar con los fluidos para estudiar su comportamiento en el régimen laminar, y turbulento, permitiendo la comprobación de los cálculos, el posicionamiento en tiempo real en la gráfica mediante una interfaz gráfica y así arraigar los conocimientos mediante la observación y comprobación de un fluido líquido cercanos a la vida laboral.
Nivel de conocimiento sobre factores de riesgo cardiovascular en hipertensos después de una intervención educativa
Authors: Carmona Aguilar Erika Kareni , Romero Cornelio Marahi , Hernández Pineda Karla Viridiana , Serrano Campos Flor de Areli , González Minor Rodolfo , Aguirre Fernando Arthur
Published: December 2024

La hipertensión arterial es un síndrome multifactorial que produce daños a los vasos sanguíneos, generando con ello que las enfermedades cardiovasculares sean la primer causa de muerte en el mundo, por lo que el conocimiento adecuado de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular mejoran el control de estas enfermedades. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimientos de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes hipertensos antes y después de una intervención educativa. Métodos: Durante el periodo de noviembre 2022 a febrero 2023, se realizó un estudio cuasi experimental, prolectivo, prospectivo, longitudinal, unicéntrico, homodémico, analítico en Unidad de Medicina Familiar en Puebla. La muestra se conformó de 187 pacientes de ambos sexos, entre 30-59 años, pertenecientes a la unidad y que cuenten con diagnóstico de Hipertensión arterial sistémica (HAS), se aplicó el cuestionario sobre Hipertensión (CSH) para medir el nivel de conocimientos acerca de HAS y factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Los datos fueron analizados mediante prueba estadística Wilcoxon. Resultados: Se realiza encuesta a 187 pacientes, donde se obtuvieron la mediana de edad de 54 (RIC=8), en relación al género el 64.5% femenino mientras que el 35.5% masculino; al evaluar el conocimiento de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes hipertensos los resultados reportaron que los pacientes con buen conocimiento pre fueron de 39.2%, mientras que en el post fueron de 86.6%. La prueba Wilcoxon arrojó un valor z=11.588, p=0.000, indicando diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el nivel de conocimiento después de la intervención educativa; al relacionar el nivel de conocimientos con los años de padecer HAS se realizó Rho de Spearman con valor de Rho= -.006 y p=0.932 donde no se determina relación. Conclusiones: Tras la intervención educativa se evidenció una diferencia en el conocimiento de los pacientes sobre su enfermedad, por lo que estos hallazgos sugieren que la educación puede ser una herramienta efectiva para empoderar a los pacientes hipertensos mejorando así el control de su enfermedad y su calidad de vida.
Capacitación docente en el proceso de inclusión educativa en estudiantes de educación superior
Authors: Alvear Román Mishell Naomi , Muñoz Silva Efraín Fernando , Gómez Loaiza Sergio Estephan
Published: December 2024

Este artículo analiza la importancia de la capacitación docente en el proceso de inclusión educativa en estudiantes de educación superior. El estudio, es de enfoque cualitativo y diseño transversal, incluye el uso de entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas a docentes. Los hallazgos destacan que los docentes aplican estrategias como tutorías académicas, trabajo colaborativo, uso de TICs y dinámicas grupales, apoyándose en recursos personales como la empatía y la escucha activa. No obstante, enfrentan retos significativos, entre ellos, brechas tecnológicas, desigualdades en los niveles educativos previos de los estudiantes y limitaciones derivadas de formaciones pedagógicas tradicionales. Los resultados evidencian que las capacitaciones actuales carecen de herramientas prácticas y metodologías dinámicas, lo que restringe su efectividad en la atención a la diversidad. En respuesta, se plantea la incorporación de metodologías activas como el aprendizaje basado en casos y el Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje (DUA), combinando teoría y práctica para potenciar la capacidad docente en el diseño e implementación de entornos inclusivos. Este enfoque busca garantizar una educación equitativa y contextualizada, respondiendo a las necesidades de todo el alumnado.
De Santa Teresa a Pardo Bazán: la Limitada Presencia de Autoras en los Manuales Educativos
Authors: Martínez Martín Cintia , García Blay Mª Gloria , Belda Torrijos Mónica
Published: December 2024

El estudio se centra en la presencia de autoras en los libros de texto de 1º de Bachillerato bajo la ley educativa LOMLOE (2020). Mediante encuestas a docentes de la provincia de Alicante, se examina la representación de autoras en comparación con autores masculinos en los manuales escolares. Los resultados revelan una notable subrepresentación de autoras femeninas. De un total de encuestados, la mayoría señala que los textos incluyen solo a unas pocas autoras, como Santa Teresa de Jesús, Rosalía de Castro y Emilia Pardo Bazán, mientras que los autores masculinos dominan el contenido curricular. El análisis muestra que el número de autoras femeninas es significativamente inferior al de autores masculinos, con una relación de aproximadamente 3 mujeres por cada 17 hombres. Además, el artículo destaca que la falta de interés y esfuerzo por parte del profesorado en promover la inclusión de autoras femeninas repercute directamente en el desinterés del alumnado hacia estas escritoras. El artículo concluye que, a pesar de las reformas educativas y los esfuerzos legislativos por promover la igualdad de género, la representación literaria en los textos escolares sigue siendo inequitativa. La falta de inclusión de autoras en el currículo escolar perpetúa un sesgo patriarcal en la educación literaria. Para lograr una transmisión cultural justa y equitativa, es necesario incluir más autoras en los manuales escolares, sensibilizando tanto a docentes como a estudiantes sobre la importancia de reconocer y valorar las contribuciones literarias de las mujeres.
El Trabajo Informal y Desigualdad: Retos para las Políticas Laborales en Ecuador
Authors: Cevallos Gorozabel Elizabeth Mercedes , Pazmiño Méndez Francisco Washington
Published: December 2024

El artículo analiza cómo la falta de derechos laborales, beneficios sociales y estabilidad en el trabajo informal perpetúa la desigualdad en Ecuador, afectando a más del 50% de la población activa en sectores como la agricultura, el comercio y los servicios. La ausencia de protección legal expone a los trabajadores informales a despidos injustificados, explotación y condiciones precarias, sin acceso a seguridad social o pensiones. Además, la exclusión de sistemas formales de protección social impacta negativamente en su calidad de vida y perpetúa la pobreza intergeneracional. Se proponen reformas laborales, incentivos fiscales y programas de capacitación, además del fortalecimiento del papel de sindicatos e instituciones en la protección de los trabajadores informales.
First records of Ctenochares bicolorus (Linnaeus, 1767) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in Germany
Authors: Bendixen Lennart , Büchel Niklas , Tilmans Jörg , Hörren Thomas , de Ketelaere Augustijn , Verheyde Fons
Published: December 2024

The ichneumonine Darwin wasp Ctenochares bicolorus (Linnaeus, 1767) is reported for the first time from Germany based on a female photographed in May 2023 in a Cologne supermarket and a male caught in
December 2023 in a living room in Mönchengladbach.
Criminal Law of Love and Consolidated Criminal Jurisprudence : Taking Criminal Law Policy on Drug Crimes as an Example
Authors:   Legal Research Institute of Chonnam National University, Ha Minkung
Published: December 2024

As This article proposes specific criminal justice policies for drug-related offenses by placing the criminal law of love as the theoretical basis for solving the crisis of our society in which the 'war on drugs' has been declared, and envisioning its practical consequences as an integrated criminal justice model. First, the core of the criminal law of love, which has been advocated as an alternative to adversarial criminal law theory, takes a step further from the ‘God-man metaphor’ and focuses on its purpose and meaning. The meaning of human dignity is understood as the dignity of a person as a person, not because they are made in the same image as God, but as a person who is made in the same image as God and loved enough to make autonomous decisions based on reason. Imagining a dignified human being as a being in its own right can emphasize the guiding function of criminal law beyond its regulatory function.
Based on this reinterpreted criminal jurisprudence of love, this article emphasizes the need to build an integrated criminal justice system with ‘retributive, restorative, and therapeutic’ justice as its pillars, and proposes a strategy for criminal justice policy on drug offenses. First, it argues that drug offenses should be regulated by the Criminal Act, which fulfills the principle of protecting the interests of the law and maintaining the basic order as a fundamental norm of our living world. It explains that the relationship between the Criminal Act and the Narcotics Control Act is not that of a general law and a special law, so that both laws are applied in cases where the application of both laws overlap. Second, it suggests that the current inoperative “Crimes Concerning Opium” statute should be amended to “Crimes Concerning Narcotics” to reflect reality so that it can be applied. Third, it proposes that a protectionist provision be added to the Criminal Act to allow foreigners to be subject to Korean criminal law for drug supply offenses.
On the other hand, the existence of special laws is necessary because the Criminal Act, whose main function is to suppress crime, cannot contain all treatment and prevention policies. Individual laws, including the Narcotics Control Act, are suitable for carrying out criminal law policies on drug crime prevention and treatment. To do this, this article envisions a desirable operation plan for the government's recently expanded “justice, treatment, and rehabilitation” model. Using the therapeutic justice strategy as a benchmark, the article emphasizes the role of criminal justice in helping drug-consuming offenders to overcome their addiction by requiring them to actively participate in treatment as early as possible, from the time investigative agencies become aware of a drug crime and before prosecution. The article also develops policy recommendations to emphasize community solidarity and to use professional community groups to operate a mandatory treatment system.
A Study on the Legal Regulation of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAO)
Authors:   Legal Research Institute of Chonnam National University, Kweon Jihye
Published: December 2024

Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs), based on blockchain technology, are organizations that operate autonomously according to agreements made among members rather than through a centralized authority. Utilizing blockchain’s attributes of decentralization and cryptography, DAOs embody decentralization, autonomy, and transparency, establishing themselves as a distinctive governance model. However, despite the increasing prevalence of DAOs globally, their legal nature remains ambiguous, leading to unclear legal relationships and insufficient protection for participants and third parties.
In 2021, Wyoming proactively established the Wyoming Decentralized Autonomous Organization Supplement, creating a foundational legal framework for the formation, operation, and dissolution of DAOs. Wyoming recognizes DAOs as a special form of LLC. However, considering the various types of DAOs in operation, legislation that reflects each organization's characteristics, rather than prescribing a single legal status, is needed. Furthermore, this study reviews elements within Wyoming’s regulations that may conflict with DAOs’ core values of decentralization and anonymity, highlighting areas requiring caution in the legislative process. Finally, to address the technical risks and potential centralization tendencies within DAOs, this paper suggests imposing a high duty of care on key developers, introducing clauses to exclude indemnification for core members, and formalizing dispute resolution procedures in advance.
Imperial Presidential System : today and in the future
Authors:   Legal Research Institute of Chonnam National University, Park Sungtae
Published: December 2024

South Korea's presidential system is somewhat alien to the Korean political landscape in the purest sense of the word. With each change of government, there are often pledges to reform the so-called Imperial Presidential System, in which power is concentrated in the hands of a single president. The factors that led to the emergence of the Imperial Presidential System are that the constitution and laws give the president excessive powers, including the right to appoint personnel, and the lack of independence of various government agencies. In addition, the president's will to call for the separation of powers at the beginning of his term has been compromised by power leaks towards the end of his term, leading him to take a position that seeks to concentrate power. As these issues could no longer be resolved politically, constitutional discussions on reorganizing the government structure to address them legally have continued, but no consensus has been reached.
While scholars and politicians agree on the goal of decentralizing the power concentrated in the hands of the president, they disagree on whether the solution to the problem should be to preserve the presidential system or to try to improve it by abolishing it. Previous governments have proposed constitutional reforms that attempt to decentralize power in various ways while preserving the presidential system. This article analyzes the factors that led to the imperial presidential system, focusing on the previous government's constitutional proposals, and explores the direction of power distribution through the discussions of the National Assembly and the Constitutional Law Association. This may have implications for providing a basis for resolving the imperial presidency in future constitutional discussions.
South Africa after 30 years of democracy: Land claims and transitional justice in the spotlight
Authors: Molomo Pulane Adelaide , Dube Bekithemba
Published: December 2024

Transitional justice is a universal strategy employed worldwide to secure peace and avoid warfare when an authoritarian regime is succeeded by democratic rule. The short duration of the transitional process and the lesser priority placed on social justice have impacted rural poverty, unresolved land reforms, ideological differences, and inequalities. This literature review explores the disadvantages of transitional justice and government policies regarding land reforms. It traces the causes of conflicts surrounding land that have affected rural poverty by examining the roles played by transitional justice, land acts, and government policies over the past 30 years. The research is underpinned by the conflict theory of Karl Marx and Engels, which does not commit to socialism or capitalism while highlighting the conflict between the wealthy and the poor. The literature reveals that South Africa is experiencing conflicts rooted in socio-economic challenges, political differences, inequalities, and poverty due to unresolved land issues. Based on the findings, the paper concludes that transitional justice has adopted a neo-liberal angle that compromises the rights of Black individuals. The implication is that transformative justice is needed to represent the voices of the people, address inequalities, and enable access to land as a necessity for food security and residential purposes.
Guerrilla advertising cases study in public transport
Authors: Jarašūnienė ldona , Išoraitė Margarita
Published: December 2024

Guerrilla marketing in public transport is distinguished by the fact that it usually avoids traditional advertising methods such as television commercials or newspaper ads. Guerrilla campaigns in public transport focus on creative tactics to surprise the public and generate buzz about the brand. These campaigns often use non-traditional methods to draw attention to the brand in question. Guerrilla campaigns can be useful for businesses looking to gain an edge over their competitors. The partisan campaigns tend to get more media attention than traditional methods because they are seen as new or unexpected. These campaigns can create excitement and anticipation for your product or service, which can help increase sales. The subject of this paper is a case study of Guerrilla advertising in public transport. The aim of the paper is to assess the usefulness of Guerrilla advertising in promoting the attractiveness of public transport. The paper discusses the analysis of scientific literature, presents the Guerrilla marketing concept, type and tools, advantages and disadvantages. Traditional and Guerrilla marketing, research methodology comprising case study and quantitative research method, based on the results of the analysis of the scientific literature and the result of the research suggestions are made. Cases of partisan marketing in public transport are rarely studied in the scientific literature.
Concerns on the mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus reported in Ethiopia
Authors: Tang Jie , Zhao Hong
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Taye and colleagues reported that the rate of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was as high as 20.7% in Ethiopia based on their meta-analysis of three studies [1]. However, numerous studies demonstrate that the overall rate of MTCT is below 5% after timely neonatal administration of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and hepatitis B vaccine after birth.
Concerns: The reports on which the meta-analysis was conducted appear to be problematic. The infants of HBV-infected mothers were not vaccinated against HBV at all, in one report. In another report, MTCT was defined based on positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the umbilical cord blood, which is not correct because vast majority (> 95%) of positive HBsAg in umbilical cord blood is not infected with, but exposed to, HBV. Thus, MTCT of HBV calculated to be as high as 20.7% in this meta-analysis was overestimated, and much higher than the reported rate of 1–3% immunoprophylaxis failure in other parts of the world, including in Africa.
Conclusions: The rate of MTCT of HBV in Ethiopia in this meta-analysis was overestimated. High-quality investigations are required to understand the real picture of immunoprophylaxis against MTCT of HBV in Ethiopia.
Evaluation of three rapigen biocredit point-of-care tests for malaria case management in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Aina Oluwagbemiga O , Agomo Chimere O , Ajibaye Olusola , Okoyenta Celestina O , Ogbulafor Nnenna , Ijezie Simon , Orok Akwaowo B , Oparaugo Chinedum T , Akindele Samuel K , Bamgbose Damilare J , Holdbrooke Susan A , Kareem Olaide K , Olukosi Yetunde A , Ola Isaac
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) antigen kits are widely used for malaria diagnosis in tropical regions due to their heat stability. The Plasmodium Lactate Dehydrogenase (pLDH) used in BIOCREDIT® malaria test kit is claimed to be heat-stable. This study aimed to evaluate the heat stability and field performance of three BIOCREDIT® kits.
Methodology: A cross-sectional community survey of malaria infection was carried out in Agbowa and Ikosi communities in Lagos State. Finger-prick blood was used to assess the performance of three BIOCREDIT® kits: Kit 1 (PfpLDH), Kit 2 (PfLDH/HRP2), and Kit 3 (PfLDH/PvLDH). Malaria microscopy and a reference mRDT (SD BIOLINE® PfHRP2) were used as comparators. Heat stability testing was performed using Plasmodium falciparum panels after exposure to 35oC and 45oC for 60 days. A total of 834 participants were recruited.
Results: The sensitivity of BIOCREDIT® kits were: Kit 1 (PfLDH) 88.4%; Kit 2 PfHRP2 92% and PfLDH 86.6%; Kit 3 (PfLDH) 88.4%. The specificity of kits was: Kit 1 (Pf LDH) 91.7%; Kit 2 (PfHRP2) 82.3%) and (PfLDH) 92.1%; Kit 3 (PfLDH) 91.6%. The sensitivity and specificity of the reference kit were 92.9% and 85.9%. The three BIOCREDIT® Kits were stable. No potential case of pfhrp2 gene deletion was observed.
Conclusions: The sensitivities of the three BIOCREDIT® malaria test kits were similar to the reference kit (SD BIOLINE mRDT). However, the specificities of PfLDH kits were significantly higher than the specificities of PfHRP2 kits. The BIOCREDIT® kits are suitable to be deployed in malaria-endemic tropical regions.
Genetic diversity and characterization of potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from artisanal cheese in Venezuela
Authors: Guillén Leidys , Araque María
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Artisanal raw milk cheese can be an important source of bacteria potentially harmful to humans, such as pathogenic Escherichia coli. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic diversity, pathogenicity, and antimicrobial resistance of 45 E. coli strains isolated from artisanal raw milk cheese in Venezuela.
Methods: These strains were isolated according to the procedures established by the Venezuelan Commission of Industrial Standards (COVENIN) and identified by conventional methods. Antimicrobial resistance was determined by the disk diffusion method, while phylogenetic grouping and detection of 6 virulence genes (fimH, kpsMT II, papAH, PAI, fyuA and usp) were performed by PCR amplification. Strain typing was performed by Rep-PCR.
Results: Of the 45 isolates, 73.3% were susceptible, while 26.7% were resistant to at least one of the tested antibiotics. Phylogenetic grouping revealed a relatively homogeneous distribution. Phylogenetic group A dominated in 82.2% of the strains followed by B1 and D (8.9% each). Three major virulence factors, fimH, fyuA, and kpsMTII, were genetically encoded in most strains. Rep-PCR typing of E. coli strains revealed a heterogeneous population structure.
Conclusions: E. coli isolated from artisanal dairy products share characteristics and virulence genes with extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains from animals and humans, which represents a public health risk. Thus, it is necessary to increase hygienic and sanitary controls, especially those involved in the production stages, and emphasize the epidemiological surveillance of potentially pathogenic bacterial strains present in unpasteurized artisanal cheese marketed in the city of Mérida, Venezuela.
Profile of co-occurring or secondary infections among COVID-19 patients with HBOT: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Yu Peixia , Wang Hairu , Li Ziyang , Zhang Junyan , Wei Shuang , Xue Zhifeng , Zhang Bozheng , Mei Qi , Wang Zhengtao , Zhao Yani , Niu Qing , Wang Pingzhi
Published: December 2024

Introduction: This study was designed to describe the profile of co-occurring or secondary infections in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) and those without.
Methodology: Out of 716 COVID-19 patients, 79 cases of co-occurring or secondary infections were included. These patients were categorized into two groups based on their usage of HBOT. The basic information and laboratory examinations, especially pathogen-related results were collected from the medical records. The rate of co-occurring or secondary infections, distribution of pathogens, infection sites, and results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing were analyzed.
Results: Among the 79 COVID-19 patients examined, there were 73 cases of infections, including 58 co-occurring infections, 14 secondary infections, and 1 mixed infection in the non-HBOT group. There were 6 cases with co-occurring or secondary infections in the HBOT group. Influenza virus was predominant in the co-occurring or secondary infections of COVID-19 patients, but it was not detected in patients undergoing HBOT. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Corynebacterium striatum, and Acinetobacter baumannii were the main strains isolated among patients with HBOT. The multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecium were detected from COVID-19 patients treated with HBOT.
Conclusions: This study described the profile of in-hospital co-occurring or secondary infections in COVID-19 patients from North China. Management of the co-occurring or secondary infections, especially MDROs infections treated with HBOT, including but not limited to COVID-19, should be strengthened.
Taxonomic novelty in Pleomonodictydaceae and new reports for Ampelomyces quisqualis (Phaeosphaeriaceae), Melomastia maolanensis and M. oleae (Pleurotremataceae)
Authors: Bundhun Digvijayini , Jones E. B. Gareth , Jayawardena Ruvishika S. , Camporesi Erio , Wanasinghe Dhanushka N. , Senanayake Indunil C. , Thiyagaraja Vinodhini , Hyde Kevin D.
Published: December 2024

This study introduces a novel genus Robiniigena, with its type R. hyalinospora. The specimen was collected on dead aerial branches of Robinia pseudoacacia in Italy. Based on the examination of morphology and the results of phylogenetic analyses involving nuclear 18S rDNA (SSU), nuclear 28S rDNA (LSU), nuclear rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) sequences, Robiniigena is referred to the family Pleomonodictydaceae (Pleosporales). It is characterized by immersed to erumpent, ostiolate ascomata, filiform, septate and cellular pseudoparaphyses, bitunicate, clavate to cylindric-clavate asci and fusiform, hyaline ascospores surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath. This research also establishes the taxonomic placement of the previously unclassified Inflatispora (Pleosporales genus incertae sedis) within the Pleomonodictydaceae. The sexual morph of Ampelomyces quisqualis (Phaeosphaeriaceae) is described for the first time and it is characterized by immersed, perithecial ascomata, a peridium comprising two layers, branched, septate and filiform pseudoparaphyses, short-pedicellate, bitunicate asci with an ocular chamber and sub-hyaline, fusiform, septate ascospores. This species, previously known only in its asexual morph, has been found as a saprobe on Sonchus sp. in Italy. Our identification of the sexual morph was based on LSU rDNA and ITS rDNA sequence data. Melomastia maolanensis (Pleurotremataceae) is reported for the first time in Thailand, collected from Chromolaena odorata, while M. oleae is documented as a new record from Duranta erecta in Thailand.
New national and regional Annex I Habitat records: from #123 to #138
Authors: Rivieccio Giovanni , Bagella Simonetta , Bazan Giuseppe , Bonari Gianmaria , Brunco Vanessa , Buffa Gabriella , Candini Francesco , Cannucci Silvia , Caria Maria Carmela , Ciaschetti Giampiero , De Simone Leopoldo , Di Pietro Adriano , Fanfarillo Emanuele , Ferrarato Massimiliano , Fiaschi Tiberio , Gianguzzi Lorenzo , Lonati Michele , Lorenzato Leonardo , Marengo Giacomo , Mainetti Andrea , Mascia Francesco , Mei Giacomo , Nota Ginevra , Iamonico Duilio , Patera Glauco , Perrino Enrico Vito , Preo Simone Marino , Rocca Riccardo , Stinca Adriano , Terranova Giovanni , Troia Angelo , Venanzoni Roberto , Angiolini Claudia
Published: December 2024

New Italian data on the distribution of some of the Annex I Habitats are reported in this contribution. Specifically, 16 records are presented including 9 new occurrences in Natura 2000 sites, and 27 new cells are added in the EEA 10 km × 10 km reference grid. The new data refer to the Italian administrative regions of Abruzzo, Apulia, Latium, Marche, Lombardy, Piedmont, Sardinia, Sicily, Tuscany, and Veneto.
The grey zone of taxonomy—The case of the Sikkim Myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Myotis sicarius), first recorded from Southeast Asia
Authors: Győrössy Dorottya , Tu Vuong Tan , Csorba Gábor , Thapa Sanjan , Estók Péter , Földvári Gábor , Görföl Tamás
Published: December 2024

Abstract

In taxonomic works, the weight to be given to morphological, mitochondrial, or nuclear signals, and the assessment of differences as species or subspecies distinctions has also varied considerably over the past decades and is largely a subjective research decision. This apparent example of the “grey zone of taxonomy” underpins the need of critical studies of as many specimens as possible and of using both mitochondrial and nuclear genes in taxonomic-systematic studies, as phylogeny based on uniparentally inherited genes alone may not represent true evolutionary scenarios. Myotis sicarius, a species occurring thorough the Himalayan foothills was found for the first time out of South Asia, in North Vietnam. Analysis of topotypical and Vietnamese specimens revealed high mitochondrial heterogeneity – at the upper limit of the usual threshold of intraspecific difference – but only minute nuclear sequence and negligible morphological differences. Albeit the large geographic distance between the two records might suggest the existence of two putative reproductively isolated taxonomic units, based on the incongruent results we concluded that the split of geographic populations of M. sicarius into different taxa is unsupported. As a morphologically closely resembling species, we also reviewed the taxonomic status of the two morphological forms of M. annectans and synonymizing M. primula with M. annectans was also corroborated by our phylogenetic analyses.
Taxonomic notes of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae) from Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan, Xizang and Yunnan, China
Authors: Wang Cheng , Mi Xiaoqi , Li Shuqiang , Xu Xiang
Published: December 2024

Twenty-one new species of jumping spiders from five provinces of South China are described: Cheliceroides jinxinisp. nov. (♂), Dendroicius qiongsp. nov. (♂♀), Icius deergongsp. nov. (♂♀), Irura qiuhangisp. nov. (♂♀), I. yarlungzangbosp. nov. (♂♀), Mintonia shiwandashansp. nov. (♂), Myrmarachne kuansp. nov. (♂♀), Nandicius xiefengisp. nov. (♂♀), Pancorius medogsp. nov. (♀), P. yingjiangsp. nov. (♂♀), Piranthus maddisonisp. nov. (♂♀), Simaetha hainansp. nov. (♂♀), Stertinius lhobasp. nov. (♂♀), Synagelides kongmingisp. nov. (♂♀), S. xuandeisp. nov. (♂♀), S. yunchangisp. nov. (♂♀), S. yideisp. nov. (♂), S. zilongisp. nov. (♂♀), Yaginumaella daweishansp. nov. (♂♀), Y. moinbasp. nov. (♂♀), and Y. pingbiansp. nov. (♂♀). Nepalicius Prószyński, 2016, syn. nov. is proposed as a junior synonym of Okinawicius Prószyński, 2016. Three new combinations are proposed: O. nepalicus (Andreeva, Hęciak & Prószyński, 1984), comb. nov. and O. seychellensis (Wanless, 1984), comb. nov. transferred from Nepalicius, and O. daoxianensis (Peng, Gong & Kim, 2000), comb. nov. transferred from Philaeus Thorell, 1869. The unknown females of O. nepalicus, Padillothorax exilis (Cao & Li, 2016) and Siler hanoicus Prószyński, 1985 are described for the first time. Distribution maps of the studied specimens are also provided.