bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermally Stable, High Performance Transfer Doping of Diamond using Transition Metal Oxides
Authors: Crawford Kevin G. , Qi Dongchen , McGlynn Jessica , Ivanov Tony G. , Shah Pankaj B. , Weil James , Tallaire Alexandre , Ganin Alexey Y. , Moran David A. J.
Published: February 2018

We report on optimisation of the environmental stability and high temperature operation of surface transfer doping in hydrogen-terminated diamond using MoO3 and V2O5 surface acceptor layers. In-situ annealing of the hydrogenated diamond surface at 400 °C was found to be crucial to enhance long-term doping stability. High temperature sheet resistance measurements up to 300 °C were performed to examine doping thermal stability. Exposure of MoO3 and V2O5 transfer-doped hydrogen-terminated diamond samples up to a temperature of 300 °C in ambient air showed significant and irreversible loss in surface conductivity. Thermal stability was found to improve dramatically however when similar thermal treatment was performed in vacuum or in ambient air when the oxide layers were encapsulated with a protective layer of hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ). Inspection of the films by X-ray diffraction revealed greater crystallisation of the MoO3 layers following thermal treatment in ambient air compared to the V2O5 films which appeared to remain amorphous. These results suggest that proper encapsulation and passivation of these oxide materials as surface acceptor layers on hydrogen-terminated diamond is essential to maximise their environmental and thermal stability.
Neural substrates of norm compliance in perceptual decisions
Authors: Toelch U. , Pooresmaeili A. , Dolan R. J.
Published: February 2018

Societal norms exert a powerful influence on our decisions. Behaviours motivated by norms, however, do not always concur with the responses mandated by decision relevant information potentially generating a conflict. To probe the interplay between normative and informational influences, we examined how prosocial norms impact on perceptual decisions subjects made in the context of a simultaneous presentation of social information. Participants displayed a bias in their perceptual decisions towards that mandated by social information. However, normative prescriptions modulated this bias bi-directionally depending on whether norms mandated a decision in accord or contrary to the contextual social information. At a neural level, the addition of a norms increased activity in prefrontal cortex and modulated functional connectivity between prefrontal and parietal areas. The bi-directional effect of our norms was captured by differential activations when participants decided against the social information. When norms indicated a decision in line with social information, non-compliance modulated lateral prefrontal cortex activity. By contrast, when norms mandated a decision against social information norm compliance increased activity in the anterior cingulate cortex. Hence, social norms changed the balance between a reliance on perceptual and social information by modulating brain activity in regions associated with response inhibition and conflict monitoring.
Hybridized Tungsten Oxide Nanostructures for Food Quality Assessment: Fabrication and Performance Evaluation
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Sarswat Prashant K. , Free Michael L.
Published: February 2018

Tungsten oxide based micro and nanosized structures possess good capacitance as well as enhanced rate capability. Such properties are useful in various applications including electrochemical supercapacitors. Apart from supercapacitance, WO3and their 2D integrated structures have been modified using different methods to widen their range of the utility. Modification using layer coating, functionalization with other nanomaterial or molecules are methods that can be used to improve the core structure of WO3. But such modifications often alter electrochemical performance. The effects and outcomes of such modifications incorporated in WO3structures were studied using electrochemical methods, sensing behavior, and morphological examination. One goal for such modifications was to improve robustness of the WO3structures apart from any change in supercapacitance performance. After detailed electrochemical analyses of WO3structures, a preliminary study was performed regarding the feasibility of the WO3based sensors for food safety applications based on electrochemical detection of hazardous dyes in food. Preliminary results obtained after various electrochemical tests including pulsed voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy suggest the viability of WO3structures for food safety applications.
Flexible migratory choices of Cory’s shearwaters are not driven by shifts in prevailing air currents
Authors: Dell’Ariccia Gaia , Benhamou Simon , Dias Maria P. , Granadeiro José P. , Sudre Joël , Catry Paulo , Bonadonna Francesco
Published: February 2018

Wind conditions strongly affect migratory costs and shape flyways and detours for many birds, especially soaring birds. However, whether winds also influence individual variability in migratory choices is an unexplored question. Cory’s shearwaters (Calonectris borealis) exhibit migratory flexibility, changing non-breeding destination across the Atlantic Ocean within and between years. Here, we investigated how wind dynamics affect the spatiotemporal migratory behaviour and whether they influence individual choices of non-breeding destination. We analysed 168 GLS tracks of migratory Cory’s shearwaters over five years in relation to concurrent wind data. We found no evidence for an association of the use of specific paths or destinations with particular wind conditions. Our results suggest that shearwaters deliberately choose their non-breeding destination, even when the choice entails longer distances and higher energetic costs for displacement due to unfavourable wind conditions en route. Favourable winds trigger migration only when directed towards specific areas but not to others. Despite their dependence on wind for dynamic soaring, Cory’s shearwaters show a high individuality in migratory behaviour that cannot be explained by individual birds encountering different meteorological conditions at departure or during migratory movements.
Dynamical complexity and computation in recurrent neural networks beyond their fixed point
Authors: Marquez Bicky A. , Larger Laurent , Jacquot Maxime , Chembo Yanne K. , Brunner Daniel
Published: February 2018

Spontaneous activity found in neural networks usually results in a reduction of computational performance. As a consequence, artificial neural networks are often operated at the edge of chaos, where the network is stable yet highly susceptible to input information. Surprisingly, regular spontaneous dynamics in Neural Networks beyond their resting state possess a high degree of spatio-temporal synchronization, a situation that can also be found in biological neural networks. Characterizing information preservation via complexity indices, we show how spatial synchronization allows rRNNs to reduce the negative impact of regular spontaneous dynamics on their computational performance.
Long non-coding RNA AC026166.2-001 inhibits cell proliferation and migration in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma by regulating the miR-24-3p/p27 axis
Authors: Shen Zhisen , Hao Wenjuan , Zhou Chongchang , Deng Hongxia , Ye Dong , Li Qun , Lin Lexi , Cao Bing , Guo Junming
Published: February 2018

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) AC026166.2-001 was found to be down-regulated in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) tissues and metastatic neck lymph nodes. Decreased AC026166.2-001 was associated with poorer prognosis and may act as a novel biomarker for LSCC patients. In this study, AC026166.2–001 was overexpressed by a lentivirus vector and down-regulated by a small interfering RNA (siRNA). The results of real-time cell analysis (RTCA) and a plate colony formation assay showed that AC026166.2–001 inhibited LSCC cell proliferation and the clone-forming capacity. Cell cycle distribution and related protein changes were measured by flow cytometry. AC026166.2–001 arrested the cell cycle at the G1 phase and induced apoptosis. In addition, AC026166.2–001 decreased cell migration as measured by wound healing assays and transwell migration assays. Moreover, luciferase reporter assay and Western blotting results suggested that AC026166.2–001 acts as a sponge of miR-24-3p and regulates the expression of p27 and cyclin D1. The in vivo results showed that AC026166.2–001 significantly suppressed the growth of LSCC xenografts and promoted apoptosis. We validated the molecular mechanisms underlying AC026166.2–001 in LSCC. This is the first report of AC026166.2–001 acting as a tumor suppressor in LSCC by regulating the miR-24-3p/p27 axis.
Enhanced Biological Response of AVS-Functionalized Ti-6Al-4V Alloy through Covalent Immobilization of Collagen
Authors: Rezvanian Parsa , Daza Rafael , López Patricia A. , Ramos Milagros , González-Nieto Daniel , Elices Manuel , Guinea Gustavo V. , Pérez-Rigueiro José
Published: February 2018

This study presents the development of an efficient procedure for covalently immobilizing collagen molecules on AVS-functionalized Ti-6Al-4V samples, and the assessment of the survival and proliferation of cells cultured on these substrates. Activated Vapor Silanization (AVS) is a versatile functionalization technique that allows obtaining a high density of active amine groups on the surface. A procedure is presented to covalently bind collagen to the functional layer using EDC/NHS as cross-linker. The covalently bound collagen proteins are characterized by fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy and their stability is tested. The effect of the cross-linker concentration on the process is assessed. The concentration of the cross-linker is optimized and a reliable cleaning protocol is developed for the removal of the excess of carbodiimide from the samples. The results demonstrate that the covalent immobilization of collagen type I on Ti-6Al-4V substrates, using the optimized protocol, increases the number of viable cells present on the material. Consequently, AVS in combination with the carbodiimide chemistry appears as a robust method for the immobilization of proteins and, for the first time, it is shown that it can be used to enhance the biological response to the material.
Demographic analysis of arrhenotokous parthenogenesis and bisexual reproduction of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: Ding Tianbo , Chi Hsin , Gökçe Ayhan , Gao Yulin , Zhang Bin
Published: February 2018

Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a serious pest that is capable of bisexual and arrhenotokous reproduction. In arrhenotokous reproduction, virgin females initially produce male offspring; later, when their sons are sexually mature, the mothers begin bisexual reproduction by carrying out oedipal mating with their sons. Because a virgin female produces many male offspring before oedipal mating occurs, multiple oedipal mating is common. In this study, we investigated the effect of multiple oedipal mating on the population growth ofF. occidentalisby using the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. In the arrhenotokous cohorts, all unfertilized eggs developed into males. In the bisexual cohorts, the offspring sex ratio was significantly female biased with the mean number of female offspring and male offspring being 72.68 and 29.00, respectively. These were the same as the net reproductive rate of female offspring and male offspring. In arrhenotokous cohorts, the number of males available for oedipal mating significantly affected the production of female offspring. The number of female offspring increased as the number of sons available for oedipal mating increased. Correctly characterizing this unique type of reproduction will provide important information for predicting the timing of future outbreaks ofF. occidentalis, as well as aiding in formulating successful management strategies against the species.
Biomining of MoS2 with Peptide-based Smart Biomaterials
Authors: Cetinel Sibel , Shen Wei-Zheng , Aminpour Maral , Bhomkar Prasanna , Wang Feng , Borujeny Elham Rafie , Sharma Kumakshi , Nayebi Niloofar , Montemagno Carlo
Published: February 2018

Biomining of valuable metals using a target specific approach promises increased purification yields and decreased cost. Target specificity can be implemented with proteins/peptides, the biological molecules, responsible from various structural and functional pathways in living organisms by virtue of their specific recognition abilities towards both organic and inorganic materials. Phage display libraries are used to identify peptide biomolecules capable of specifically recognizing and binding organic/inorganic materials of interest with high affinities. Using combinatorial approaches, these molecular recognition elements can be converted into smart hybrid biomaterials and harnessed for biotechnological applications. Herein, we used a commercially available phage-display library to identify peptides with specific binding affinity to molybdenite (MoS2) and used them to decorate magnetic NPs. These peptide-coupled NPs could capture MoS2under a variety of environmental conditions. The same batch of NPs could be re-used multiple times to harvest MoS2, clearly suggesting that this hybrid material was robust and recyclable. The advantages of this smart hybrid biomaterial with respect to its MoS2-binding specificity, robust performance under environmentally challenging conditions and its recyclability suggests its potential application in harvesting MoS2from tailing ponds and downstream mining processes.
Blood T1* correction increases accuracy of extracellular volume measurements using 3T cardiovascular magnetic resonance: Comparison of T1 and T1* maps
Authors: Shang Yongning , Zhang Xiaochun , Zhou Xiaoyue , Greiser Andreas , Zhou Zhengwei , Li Debiao , Wang Jian
Published: February 2018

The goals were to compare the differences between ECVL (extracellular volume derived from myocardial T1 and blood T1), ECVc (combination of myocardial T1 and blood T1*), and ECVnL (derived from myocardium T1* and blood T1*), and to explore the diagnostic accuracy of these factors for discriminating between controls and patients. The Modified Look-Locker Inversion Recovery sequence was performed in 42 subjects to generate both T1 and T1* maps. Native and post-contrast T1 values for myocardium and blood pool were obtained, and ECVL, ECVc, and ECVnL were then calculated. The global ECVc values were smaller than the ECVL values (0.006, 2.11%, p < 0.001) and larger than the ECVnL values (0.06, 21.6%, p < 0.001) in all participants. The ECVc led to a 4–6% increase in the AUC value and a 24–32% reduction in the sample size to differentiate between the controls and other patients when compared with the ECVL. Blood T1* correction can improve the precision of blood T1 values and can consequently increase the accuracy of the extracellular volume fraction measurement. The ECVc can be used to improve diagnostic accuracy and reduce the sample size required for a clinical study.
Synthesis of three-dimensional mesoporous Cu–Al layered double hydroxide/g-C3N4 nanocomposites on Ni-foam for enhanced supercapacitors with excellent long-term cycling stability
Authors: Adhikari Surya Prasad , Awasthi Ganesh Prasad , Kim Kyung-Suk , Park Chan Hee , Kim Cheol Sang
Published: February 2018

In this study, a novel composite of Cu–Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets and g-C3N4-covered Ni-foam was fabricated via a simple and facile two-step process.
Synthesis of a new series of Ni(ii), Cu(ii), Co(ii) and Pd(ii) complexes with an ONS donor Schiff base: crystal structure, DFT study and catalytic investigation of palladium and nickel complexes towards deacylative sulfenylation of active methylenes and regioselective 3-sulfenylation of indoles via thiouronium salt formation
Authors: Devi Namita , Sarma Kuladip , Rahaman Rajjakfur , Barman Pranjit
Published: February 2018

A series of Ni(ii), Cu(ii), Co(ii), and Pd(ii) complexes have been synthesized.
Citrate stabilized gold nanoparticles interfere with amyloid fibril formation: D76N and ΔN6 β2-microglobulin variants
Authors: Brancolini Giorgia , Maschio Maria Celeste , Cantarutti Cristina , Corazza Alessandra , Fogolari Federico , Bellotti Vittorio , Corni Stefano , Esposito Gennaro
Published: February 2018

Mechanism for how citrate covered gold NP influence protein aggregation and thus fibril formation for the highly amyloidogenic variants D76N and ΔN6 β2-microglobulin.
Synthesis of different crystallographic FeOOH catalysts for peroxymonosulfate activation towards organic matter degradation
Authors: Fan Junyu , Zhao Zhiwei , Ding Zhaoxia , Liu Jie
Published: February 2018

In this study, different crystalline structures of FeOOH have been prepared.
High-performance piezoelectric energy harvesting of vertically aligned Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 nanorod arrays
Authors: Jin Wenchao , Wang Zhao , Huang Hao , Hu Xiaokang , He Yahua , Li Meng , Li Luying , Gao Yihua , Hu Yongming , Gu Haoshuang
Published: February 2018

Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 nanorod arrays with outstanding piezoelectric response and a high d33 of 1600 pm V−1 were synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal process.
Flexible anode materials for lithium-ion batteries derived from waste biomass-based carbon nanofibers: I. Effect of carbonization temperature
Authors: Tao Lei , Huang Yuanbo , Yang Xiaoqin , Zheng Yunwu , Liu Can , Di Mingwei , Zheng Zhifeng
Published: February 2018

Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with excellent electrochemical performance represent a novel class of carbon nanostructures for boosting electrochemical applications, especially sustainable electrochemical energy conversion and storage applications.
Evaporation dynamics of a sessile droplet on glass surfaces with fluoropolymer coatings: focusing on the final stage of thin droplet evaporation
Authors: Gatapova Elizaveta Ya. , Shonina Anna M. , Safonov Alexey I. , Sulyaeva Veronica S. , Kabov Oleg A.
Published: February 2018

Liquid droplet on the “soft” coating can finalize as very thin droplet completely wetting the surface. We detail the thin droplet evaporation dynamics by image-analyzing interference technique.
Expedient cobalt(ii)-catalyzed site-selective C7-arylation of indolines with arylboronic acids
Authors: De Pinaki Bhusan , Pradhan Sourav , Banerjee Sonbidya , Punniyamurthy Tharmalingam
Published: February 2018

Expedient cobalt(ii)–PCy3-catalyzed site-selective C7 arylation of indolines with arylboronic acids is described using a pyrimidyl auxiliary, along with subsequent oxidation.
Synergistic palladium/copper-catalyzed Csp3–Csp2 cross-couplings using aldehydes as latent α-alkoxyalkyl anion equivalents
Authors: Takeda Mitsutaka , Yabushita Kenya , Yasuda Shigeo , Ohmiya Hirohisa
Published: February 2018

The first Csp3–Csp2 cross-coupling using aldehydes as latent α-alkoxyalkyl anion equivalents has been achieved.
One-step synthesis of nonstoichiometric TiO2 nanorod films for enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution
Authors: Hu Qianqian , Li Jianrong , Li Qiaohong , Wang Guo , Huang Jiquan , Huang Xiaoying
Published: February 2018

Nonstoichiometric TiO2 nanorod films with high stability and excellent H2 generation activities have been obtained by a facile one-step sputtering method.
Synthesis of tRNA analogues containing a terminal ribose locked in the South conformation to study tRNA-dependent enzymes
Authors: Iannazzo Laura , Fonvielle Matthieu , Braud Emmanuelle , Hřebabecký Hubert , Procházková Eliška , Nencka Radim , Mathé Christophe , Arthur Michel , Etheve-Quelquejeu Mélanie
Published: February 2018

Synthesis and biological evaluation of tRNA analogues containing a terminal ribose locked in the South conformation.
One-pot synthesis of thioesters with sodium thiosulfate as a sulfur surrogate under transition metal-free conditions
Authors: Liao Yen-Sen , Liang Chien-Fu
Published: February 2018

We have developed a one-pot reaction to provide thioester derivativesviasodium thiosulfate as a sulfur source under transition metal-free conditions.
Copper-catalyzed formylation of alkenyl C–H bonds using BrCHCl2 as a stoichiometric formylating reagent
Authors: Bao Yan , Wang Gao-Yin , Zhang Ya-Xuan , Bian Kang-Jie , Wang Xi-Sheng
Published: February 2018

The first example of copper-catalyzed formylation of alkenyl C–H bonds with BrCHCl2 as a stoichiometric formylating reagent for the facile synthesis of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes has been developed.
Association of TNF-α promoter polymorphism and Graves’ disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tu Yaqin , Fan Guorun , Zeng Tianshu , Cai Xiong , Kong Wen
Published: February 2018

Graves’ disease (GD) is a common autoimmune disorder with a genetic predisposition. Owing to the biological effect of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on the thyroid gland and its gene location, TNF-α should be able to influence an individual’s susceptibility to GD. In the present study, we conduct a meta-analysis of rs1800629 and rs361525 in TNF-α gene from all eligible case–control studies to assess the associations amongst reported TNF-α gene with GD. A total of ten case–control studies involving 2790 GD patients and 3472 healthy controls were included. The results showed that a significant association was characterized between the rs1800629 polymorphism and GD in the homozygous model (AA compared with GG: odds ratio (OR) = 1.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.27–3.06, P=0.002) and recessive model (AA compared with GA + GG: OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.04–2.50, P=0.03). GD susceptibility was significantly detected in European population in all genetic models after ethnicity stratification. In sharp contrast, no significant association could be detected in Asian population. Next, we conducted a meta-analysis for another promoter SNP rs361525. However, SNP rs361525 did not show a significant association with GD in any genetic model before and after ethnicity stratification. Together, our data support that only the promoter single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1800629 within the TNF-α gene is associated with increased risk for developing GD, especially in European population. Future large-scale studies are required to validate the associations between TNF-α gene and GD.
Spatial Release From Masking in Adults With Bilateral Cochlear Implants: Effects of Distracter Azimuth and Microphone Location
Authors: Davis Timothy J. , Gifford René H.
Published: February 2018

Purpose

The primary purpose of this study was to derive spatial release from masking (SRM) performance-azimuth functions for bilateral cochlear implant (CI) users to provide a thorough description of SRM as a function of target/distracter spatial configuration. The secondary purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the microphone location for SRM in a within-subject study design.

Method

Speech recognition was measured in 12 adults with bilateral CIs for 11 spatial separations ranging from −90° to +90° in 20° steps using an adaptive block design. Five of the 12 participants were tested with both the behind-the-ear microphones and a T-mic configuration to further investigate the effect of mic location on SRM.

Results

SRM can be significantly affected by the hemifield origin of the distracter stimulus—particularly for listeners with interaural asymmetry in speech understanding. The greatest SRM was observed with a distracter positioned 50° away from the target. There was no effect of mic location on SRM for the current experimental design.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that the traditional assessment of SRM with a distracter positioned at 90° azimuth may underestimate maximum performance for individuals with bilateral CIs.
Impact of connecting to the nth nearest node in dedicated device‐to‐device communications
Authors: Rajabi S. , Ghorashi S.A. , Shah‐Mansouri V.
Published: February 2018

Device‐to‐device (D2D) communication is a proximity‐based data transmission technique where users communicate directly with each other, when bypassing evolved node base station. The most common assumption in the literature is that every D2D user connects to its nearest node. However, in many situations connection to the first nearest node for a D2D user is not possible due to the channel conditions or user's decline in joining in a D2D connection. The impact of connecting to the nth nearest node in a dedicated D2D enabled network is investigated. The coverage probability and average data rate of a typical D2D link in the network, where users connect to their nth nearest node are studied. The results show that considering the first nearest node is an ideal assumption and investigating the connection to the other farther nodes is of great importance.
Energy aware simplicial processor for embedded morphological visual processing in intelligent internet of things
Authors: Villemur M. , Julian P. , Andreou A. G.
Published: February 2018

This Letter presents the architecture implementation and testing of an single instruction multiple data (SIMD) processor for energy aware embedded morphological visual processing using the simplicial piece‐wise linear approximation. The architecture comprises a linear array of 48 × 48 processing elements, each connected to an eight‐neighbour clique operating on binary input and state data. The architecture is synthesised from a custom designed ultra low‐voltage CMOS library and fabricated in a 55 nm CMOS technology. The chip is capable of dynamic voltage/frequency scaling with power supplies between 0.5 and 1.2 V. The fabricated chip achieves an overall performance of 293 TOPS/W with dynamic energy dissipation efficiency of 3.4 fJ per output operation at 0.6 V.
16 W DBR‐free membrane semiconductor disk laser with dual‐SiC heatspreader
Authors: Yang Z. , Follman D. , Albrecht A.R. , Heu P. , Giannini N. , Cole G.D. , Sheik‐Bahae M.
Published: February 2018

A record output power of 16.1 W with a direct‐bonded dual‐SiC‐heatspreader distributed Bragg reflector (DBR)‐free active region at 10.5°C coolant temperature is reported. A comparison in laser performance confirms the dual‐heatspreader DBR‐free configuration dissipates heat more effectively than the single‐heatspreader geometry.
State‐dependent impulsive synchronisation of complex dynamical networks with non‐linear coupling
Authors: Yang Shiju , Li Chuandong , Huang Tingwen
Published: February 2018

This study investigates the synchronisation problem for complex dynamical networks with non‐linear coupling via state‐dependent impulsive control. In contrast to most existing publications, impulses occurring are not at fixed instants but depend on the states of each node. Based on the differential mean value theorem and inequality techniques, several sufficient conditions with theoretical demonstration ensuring every solution of the error nodes intersect each surface of the discontinuity exactly once are derived. Moreover, by applying the B‐equivalence method, the error system with state‐dependent impulses can be reduced to the fixed‐time impulsive ones, which can be analysed via Lyapunov stability theory and mathematical induction. Finally, two numerical examples are carried out to demonstrate the performance of the obtained results.
Relative closeness ranking of Kalman filtering with multiple mismatched measurement noise covariances
Authors: Shao Teng , Ge Quanbo , Duan Zhansheng , Yu Junzhi
Published: February 2018

Due to the complexity of practical systems, the used models generally mismatch the practical ones. For the Kalman filtering with a single mismatched measurement noise covariance, the ranking of the ideal MSE (IMSE), the filter calculated MSE (FMSE), and the true MSE (TMSE) has been established. This study considers the ranking of the relative closenesses from the FMSE and TMSE to the IMSE when multiple mismatched measurement noise covariances are used. It is found that for the case with two deviations of the same signs, the larger the absolute deviation is, the farther away the FMSE or TMSE is from the IMSE. It is also found that for the case with two deviations of different signs, if the positive deviations are less than the absolute value of the negative deviation, then the FMSE or TMSE with positive deviation is relatively closer to the IMSE. Otherwise the ranking of the two corresponding relative closenesses depends on the parallel sum of two deviations with a non‐zero threshold. Then the pair‐wised ranking of the relative closenesses corresponding to two arbitrary deviations is further extended to the case with more than two deviations. Numerical examples are provided to validate the results.
Moment exponential input‐to‐state stability of non‐linear switched stochastic systems with Lévy noise
Authors: Li Mengling , Deng Feiqi
Published: February 2018

The moment exponential input‐to‐state stability (ISS) problem for a class of non‐linear switched stochastic systems is studied. A continuously differentiable Lyapunov function with indefinite derivative is introduced, which generalises classic Lyapunov function method. Two situations are considered: (i) synchronous switching, i.e. candidate controllers coincide with system modes; (ii) asynchronous switching, i.e. the candidate controllers have a lag to the switching of the system modes. By employing indefinite derivative Lyapunov function method and average dwell‐time approach, sufficient conditions for moment exponential ISS of the systems are derived. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the authors' results.
Tracking objects with co‐occurrence matrix and particle filter in infrared video sequences
Authors: Elafi Issam , Jedra Mohamed , Zahid Noureddine
Published: February 2018

Tracking objects in infrared video sequences became a very important challenge for many current tracking algorithms due to several complex situations such as illumination variation, night vision, and occlusion. This study proposes a new tracker that uses a set of invariant parameters calculated via the co‐occurrence moments to better describe the target object. The usage of the co‐occurrence moments gives the ability to exploit the information about the texture of the target to enhance the robustness of the tracking task. This latter is performed without any learning or clustering phase. The qualitative and quantitative studies on challenging sequences demonstrate that the results obtained by the proposed algorithm are very competitive in comparison to several state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Fault classification and faulted phase selection for transmission line using morphological edge detection filter
Authors: Salehi Moslem , Namdari Farhad
Published: February 2018

In this study, a novel algorithm for detecting and classifying faults in transmission lines is proposed. The algorithm is based on mathematical morphology and initial current travelling waves. A new morphological edge detection (MED) filter to extract the transient features from the original fault signal is designed. This MED filter can fast and accurately detect the arrival time and polarity of travelling waves in all conditions. The appropriate criteria of fault classification and faulted‐phase selection are introduced based on polarity of initial current travelling waves. The simulations based on the electromagnetic transients program and MATLAB have been done to evaluate the validity of the proposed algorithm.
Automated visual inspection of target parts for train safety based on deep learning
Authors: Zhou Fuqiang , Song Ya , Liu Liu , Zheng Dongtian
Published: February 2018

Visual inspection of target parts is a common approach to ensuring train safety. However, some key parts, such as fastening bolts, do not possess sufficient feature information, because they are usually small, polluted, or obscured. These factors affect inspection accuracy and can lead to serious accidents. Therefore, traditional visual inspection relying on feature extraction cannot always meet the requirements of high‐accuracy inspection. Deep learning has considerable advantages in image recognition for autonomous information mining, but it requires a considerable amount of computation. To resolve the issues mentioned above, this study proposes a method that combines traditional visual inspection with deep learning. Traditional feature extraction is used to locate the targets approximately, which makes the deep learning purposeful and efficient. A composite neural network, stacked auto‐encoder convolutional neural network (SAE‐CNN), is provided to further improve the training efficiency. A SAE is added to a CNN so that the network can obtain optimum results faster and more accurately. Taking the inspection of centre plate bolts in a moving freight car as an example, the overall system and specific processes are described. The study results showed satisfactory accuracy. A related analysis and comparative experiment were also conducted.
Simple approach to design a capacitive rotary encoder
Authors: Das Subir , Sarkar Tuhin Subhra , Chakraborty Badal
Published: February 2018

In order to optimise the mechanical error and to avoid electrical interface from a rotating plate of the capacitive rotary encoder, a state‐of‐the‐art designing approach is presented in this article. In contrast to the multi‐electrode capacitive sensing pattern, the proposed structure is very simple. It has three pairs of stator electrodes and a rotor plate (RP). In each stator plate, three isolated conductive arc sectors are fabricated using standard PCB technology. Likewise, an arc sector, an aluminium oxide‐based metallic plate is placed between the stator pairs and the plate is firmly attached with a shaft. This plate is named as RP. Since the RP acts as a dielectric medium hence; it is free from any electrical interface. Henceforth, the angular position of an object has been determined by analysing the variation of three parallel capacitances, which develops due to the rotation of dielectric medium inside the stator pairs. In this preliminary investigation, a prototype has been designed, developed and tested in laboratory condition to proof of this concept. A satisfactory result has been found with an accuracy of ±0.6°, resolution of 0.0003° and repeatability of ±1° in the measured range of 0–360°.
Multiscale Multilevel Approach to Solution of Nanotechnology Problems
Authors: Polyakov Sergey , Podryga Viktoriia
Published: February 2018

The paper is devoted to a multiscale multilevel approach for the solution of nanotechnology problems on supercomputer systems. The approach uses the combination of continuum mechanics models and the Newton dynamics for individual particles. This combination includes three scale levels: macroscopic, mesoscopic and microscopic. For gas–metal technical systems the following models are used. The quasihydrodynamic system of equations is used as a mathematical model at the macrolevel for gas and solid states. The system of Newton equations is used as a mathematical model at the mesoand microlevels; it is written for nanoparticles of the medium and larger particles moving in the medium. The numerical implementation of the approach is based on the method of splitting into physical processes. The quasihydrodynamic equations are solved by the finite volume method on grids of different types. The Newton equations of motion are solved by Verlet integration in each cell of the grid independently or in groups of connected cells. In the framework of the general methodology, four classes of algorithms and methods of their parallelization are provided. The parallelization uses the principles of geometric parallelism and the efficient partitioning of the computational domain. A special dynamic algorithm is used for load balancing the solvers. The testing of the developed approach was made by the example of the nitrogen outflow from a balloon with high pressure to a vacuum chamber through a micronozzle and a microchannel. The obtained results confirm the high efficiency of the developed methodology.
Heat Exchange Between Electrons and Phonons in Nanosystems at Sub-Kelvin Temperatures
Authors: Anghel Dragoş-Victor , Cojocaru Sergiu
Published: February 2018

Ultra-sensitive nanoscopic detectors for electromagnetic radiation consist of thin metallic films deposited on dielectric membranes. The metallic films, of thickness d of the order of 10 nm, form the thermal sensing element (TSE), which absorbs the incident radiation and measures its power flux or the energies of individual photons. To achieve the sensitivity required for astronomical observations, the TSE works at temperatures of the order of 0.1 K. The dielectric membranes are used as support and for thermal insulation of the TSE and are of thickness L − d of the order of 100 nm (L being the total thickness of the system). In such conditions, the phonon gas in the detector assumes a quasi-two-dimensional distribution, whereas quantization of the electrons wavenumbers in the direction perpendicular to the film surfaces leads to the formation of quasi two-dimensional electronic sub-bands. The heat exchange between electrons and phonons has an important contribution to the performance of the device and is dominated by the interaction between the electrons and the antisymmetric acoustic phonons.
Interpolation Environment of Tensor Mathematics at the Corpuscular Stage of Computational Experiments in Hydromechanics
Authors: Bogdanov Alexander , Degtyarev Alexander , Khramushin Vasily , Shichkina Yulia
Published: February 2018

Stages of direct computational experiments in hydromechanics based on tensor mathematics tools are represented by conditionally independent mathematical models for calculations separation in accordance with physical processes. Continual stage of numerical modeling is constructed on a small time interval in a stationary grid space. Here coordination of continuity conditions and energy conservation is carried out. Then, at the subsequent corpuscular stage of the computational experiment, kinematic parameters of mass centers and surface stresses at the boundaries of the grid cells are used in modeling of free unsteady motions of volume cells that are considered as independent particles. These particles can be subject to vortex and discontinuous interactions, when restructuring of free boundaries and internal rheological states has place. Transition from one stage to another is provided by interpolation operations of tensor mathematics. Such interpolation environment formalizes the use of physical laws for mechanics of continuous media modeling, provides control of rheological state and conditions for existence of discontinuous solutions: rigid and free boundaries, vortex layers, their turbulent or empirical generalizations.
Two-Parameter Harmonic Oscillator Expansion Method for Calculating Non-Relativistic Ground State Energy of Coulomb Three-Particle Systems with Two Identical Particles
Authors: Deveikis Algirdas
Published: February 2018

The variational method in oscillator representation with individual parameters for each Jacobi coordinate is applied to the non-relativistic calculation of the ground state energy of a number of three-particle Coulomb systems, consisting of two identical particles and a different one. The accuracy and convergence rate of the calculations in the constructed oscillator basis are studied up to a total of 28 oscillator quanta. The results are compared with those of the traditional approach using only one such nonlinear variational parameter. The method with individual parameters for Jacobi coordinates is found to possess a number of advantages as compared to the traditional approach.
Quasi-Vector Model of Propagation of Polarized Light in a Thin-Film Waveguide Lens
Authors: Divakov Dmitriy , Malykh Mikhail , Sevastianov Leonid , Sevastianov Anton , Ayryan Edik
Published: February 2018

Maxwell equations describe the propagation with diffraction of waveguide modes through a thin-film waveguide lens. If the radius of the thin-film lens is large, then the thickness of the lens varies slowly in the yz plane. For this case we propose the model, which is based on the assumption of a small change in the electromagnetic field in a direction y. Under this assumption the vector diffraction problem is reduced to a number of scalar diffraction problems. The solutions demonstrate the vector nature of the electromagnetic field, which allows us to call the proposed model a quasi-vector model.
On the Generation of Random Ensembles of Qubits and Qutrits Computing Separability Probabilities for Fixed Rank States
Authors: Khvedelidze Arsen , Rogojin Ilya
Published: February 2018

The generation of random mixed states is discussed, aiming for the computation of probabilistic characteristics of composite finite dimensional quantum systems. In particular, we consider the generation of random Hilbert-Schmidt and Bures ensembles of qubit and qutrit pairs and compute the corresponding probabilities to find a separable state among the states of a fixed rank.
Fractional Langevin Equation Model for Characterization of Anomalous Brownian Motion from NMR Signals
Authors: Lisý Vladimír , Tóthová Jana
Published: February 2018

Nuclear magnetic resonance is often used to study random motion of spins in different systems. In the long-time limit the current mathematical description of the experiments allows proper interpretation of measurements of normal and anomalous diffusion. The shorter-time dynamics is however correctly considered only in a few works that do not go beyond the standard Langevin theory of the Brownian motion (BM). In the present work, the attenuation function S (t) for an ensemble of spins in a magnetic-field gradient, expressed in a form applicable for any kind of stationary stochastic dynamics of spins with or without a memory, is calculated in the frame of the model of fractional BM. The solution of the model for particles trapped in a harmonic potential is obtained in a simple way and used for the calculation of S (t). In the limit of free particles coupled to a fractal heat bath, the results compare favorably with experiments acquired in human neuronal tissues.
Methods of Investigation of Equations that Describe Waves in Tubes with Elastic Walls and Application of the Theory of Reversible and Weak Dissipative Shocks
Authors: Bakholdin Igor
Published: February 2018

Various models of a tube with elastic walls are investigated: with controlled pressure, filled with incompressible fluid, filled with compressible gas. The non-linear theory of hyperelasticity is applied. The walls of a tube are described with complete membrane model. It is proposed to use linear model of plate in order to take the bending resistance of walls into account. The walls of the tube were treated previously as inviscid and incompressible. Compressibility of material of walls and viscosity of material, either gas or liquid are considered. Equations are solved numerically. Three-layer time and space centered reversible numerical scheme and similar two-layer space reversible numerical scheme with approximation of time derivatives by Runge-Kutta method are used. A method of correction of numerical schemes by inclusion of terms with highorder derivatives is developed. Simplified hyperbolic equations are derived.
Peculiarities of Matrix-Element Calculations with Few Coulomb Functions for Particles’ Scattering Processes
Authors: Chuluunbaatar Ochbadrakh , Kouzakov Konstantin , Popov Yuri
Published: February 2018

Specific features of the matrix-element calculations in the momentum-space representation are discussed for the single ionization of the He atom by fast proton impact in the case when the Coulomb interactions of all three charged fragments in the final state are taken into account. It is shown that a “soft” smoothing of the Coulomb singularity does not affect the accuracy of the calculations in a certain region of the smoothing parameter values.
Optimization of the Magnetic Field Homogeneity Area for Solenoid Type Magnets
Authors: Perepelkin Eugene , Polyakova Rima , Tarelkin Aleksandr , Kovalenko Alexander , Sysoev Pavel , Sadovnikova Marianne , Yudin Ivan
Published: February 2018

Homogeneous magnetic fields are important requisites in modern physics research. In this paper we discuss the problem of magnetic field homogeneity area maximization for solenoid magnets. We discuss A-model and B-model, which are basic types of solenoid magnets used to provide a homogeneous field, and methods for their optimization. We propose C-model which can be used for the NICA project. We have also carried out a cross-check of the C-model with the parameters stated for the CLEO II detector.
User Software for Numerical Study of Josephson Junction with Magnetic Momenta
Authors: Atanasova Pavlina , Panayotova Stefani , Shukrinov Yury , Rahmonov Ilhom , Zemlyanaya Elena
Published: February 2018

A user software for numerical study of a Josephson junction model with magnetic momenta is presented. Computer implementation has been done by means of Wolfram Mathematica using the extensive capabilities of this system to create interactive dynamic objects. Two methods for numerical solution of the respective system of ordinary differential equations are implemented: the four-step Runge-Kutta algorithm and the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method with predetermined accuracy. Results of numerical simulation are presented to confirm the correctness of the calculations done with the developed software.
Radiation Damage to Nervous System: Designing Optimal Models for Realistic Neuron Morphology in Hippocampus
Authors: Batmunkh Munkhbaatar , Bugay Alexander , Bayarchimeg Lkhagvaa , Lkhagva Oidov
Published: February 2018

The present study is focused on the development of optimal models of neuron morphology for Monte Carlo microdosimetry simulations of initial radiation-induced events of heavy charged particles in the specific types of cells of the hippocampus, which is the most radiation-sensitive structure of the central nervous system. The neuron geometry and particles track structures were simulated by the Geant4/Geant4-DNA Monte Carlo toolkits. The calculations were made for beams of protons and heavy ions with different energies and doses corresponding to real fluxes of galactic cosmic rays. A simple compartmental model and a complex model with realistic morphology extracted from experimental data were constructed and compared. We estimated the distribution of the energy deposition events and the production of reactive chemical species within the developed models of CA3/CA1 pyramidal neurons and DG granule cells of the rat hippocampus under exposure to different particles with the same dose. Similar distributions of the energy deposition events and concentration of some oxidative radical species were obtained in both the simplified and realistic neuron models.
Primary Data Treatment Software for Position-Sensitive Detector of Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Spectrometer in the Isotropic Pattern Scattering Case
Authors: Soloviev Alexei , Kutuzov Sergei , Ivankov Olexander , Kuklin Alexander
Published: February 2018

A new data converter has been created for the new position-sensitive detector (PSD) of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) spectrometer YuMO. In the isotropic pattern scattering case, it provides the possibility for processing PSD data with the SAS data processing program that has already been in use.
Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Water Vapor and Determination of Diffusion Characteristics in the Pore
Authors: Nikonov Eduard G. , Pavluš Miron , Popovičová Mária
Published: February 2018

One of the varieties of pores, often found in natural or artificial building materials, are the so-called blind pores of dead-end or saccate type. Three-dimensional model of such kind of pore has been developed in this work. This model has been used for simulation of water vapor interaction with individual pore by molecular dynamics in combination with the diffusion equation method. Special investigations have been done to find dependencies between thermostats implementations and conservation of thermodynamic and statistical values of water vapor – pore system. The two types of evolution of water – pore system have been investigated: drying and wetting of the pore. Full research of diffusion coefficient, diffusion velocity and other diffusion parameters has been made.