bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Results of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Full Tibial Tunnel: Quadrupled Semitendinosus Suspensory Femoral and Tibial Fixation versus Quadrupled Semitendinosus and Gracilis Suspensory Femoral and Tibial Screw and Staple Fixation
Authors: Mahirogullari Mahir , Kehribar Lokman , Surucu Serkan , Kayaalp Mahmut E. , Yilmaz Ali K. , Aydin Mahmud
Published: July 2022

This study compared the clinical outcomes of patients treated with described “modified all-inside” anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) technique with those of patients treated with suspensory femoral fixation and a bioabsorbable tibial interference screw with the ACLR technique. From 2017 to 2019, 98 patients who underwent ACLR surgery by two surgeons using either of the techniques were included in this study. Patients in group 1 were treated with the “modified all-inside” ACLR technique. In this technique, only the semitendinosus tendon was harvested as a four-strand graft and fixed to the tibia and femur with suspensory buttons. Patients in group 2 were treated with suspensory femoral fixation and a bioabsorbable tibial interference screw ACL reconstruction technique. Patients' functional outcomes were evaluated by the Lysholm score, Tegner activity scale, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score. Postoperative knee stability of the patients was evaluated using the Lachman test and the pivot-shift test. The mean ages of the patients were 31.1 (16–55) and 28.7 (18–48) years in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The average follow-up durations were 26 (20–30) and 25.9 (22–30) months for both groups. There was no significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative Lysholm's score, Tegner's activity score, and IKDC subjective score in groups 1 and 2. There were no major complications or reruptures in either group. ACLR incorporating the “modified all-inside” ACLR technique obtained significant clinical outcomes compared to ACLR with a suspensory femoral fixation and a bioabsorbable tibial interference screw.
Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Postoperative Outcomes following Osteonecrosis-Indicated Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Agarwal Amil R. , Mortman Ryan J. , Gu Alex , Fuller Samuel I. , Pollard Tom G. , Campbell Joshua C. , Golladay Gregory J.
Published: July 2022

Osteonecrosis (ON) of the femoral head in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients is often treated with total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect that HIV positive status and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have on postoperative complication rates and outcomes in patients with ON treated with THA. Patients who underwent primary ON-indicated THA with a minimum of 2-year follow-up were identified in a national database (PearlDiver Technologies) using Current Procedural Terminology and International Classification of Diseases codes. These patients were stratified into two cohorts: those who were HIV-positive and those who were HIV-negative (control). The HIV-positive cohort was further stratified into those with AIDS and those with asymptomatic HIV at the time of THA. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine associations between the three cohorts and their 90-day, and 2-year outcomes were each compared with HIV-negative patients. In this study, 1,163 patients were in the HIV-positive cohort and 34,288 were in the HIV-negative cohort. In the HIV-positive cohort, there were significantly higher 90-day rates of renal failure (odds ratio [OR] = 1.874; p < 0.001), pneumonia (OR = 1.682; p = 0.002), and sepsis (OR = 1.975; p < 0.001). The asymptomatic HIV cohort and AIDS cohort followed similar associations as the HIV cohort; however, the AIDS cohort also had significantly higher rate of blood transfusion (OR = 1.692; p = 0.012) and deep vein thrombosis (OR = 1.765; p = 0.036). HIV infection, whether symptomatic or not, and AIDS are associated with a higher risk of short-term complications after THA. Physicians must consider this risk and discuss with their patients to reduce future complications.
Avulsion of the Lateral Head of the Gastrocnemius in a Dog: Surgical Treatment and an Ex Vivo Study on Pathomechanisms
Authors: Roses Leonor , Arnott Davinia
Published: July 2022

A 6-year-old Border Collie presented with a 4-month history of progressive plantigrade stance of the right hindlimb, following a jump when chasing a ball. Avulsion of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius and tearing of the medial muscular belly were confirmed radiographically and ultrasonographically. Surgical repair of the lateral head was performed using two nylon mattress sutures placed around the fabella and through femoral condylar bone tunnels, followed by the application of a cranial half cast for 5 weeks. No complications were reported and follow-up owner's questionnaire at 18 months postoperatively revealed excellent results with the dog returning to normal activity.

Avulsion of the lateral fabella was induced in a cadaveric limb and hyperflexion of the tarsus was simulated. Extreme hyperflexion of the tarsus only occurred once a subsequent tear of the medial belly of the gastrocnemius had developed, but without avulsion of the medial fabella.
Knowledge Assessment of Biomedical Waste Management of Dental Materials in Dakshina Kannada
Authors: Tatiya S Vishal , Dandekeri Shilpa
Published: July 2022

Aims and Objective The present survey was done to assess the knowledge, awareness, and practice of undergraduate students, postgraduate students, and practitioners about disposal of common biomedical wastes and materials used in dentistry regularly.

Materials and Methods The survey (23 questions) was conducted on 162 participants categorized as undergraduates (n = 54), postgraduates (n = 54), and practitioners (n = 54) to assess their knowledge, awareness, and practice.

Results When questioned whether they were aware of disposal of waste according to color categories, 69.8% were aware of it, 2.5% were not, and 27.8% were not sure of the color-coded categories. When subjected to statistical analysis, the data were found to be statistically significant (p = 0.017). Only 58% were aware that the number of categories of biomedical waste management is divided into four categories based on new regulations. There was statistical significance between the scores of undergraduates and practitioners (p = 0.046).

Conclusion There is a gap between knowledge and implementation of segregation of waste at source; certified carrier service should make sure all the wastes are segregated from the dental practitioner's premise with an update on dental materials segregation for dental clinics and laboratories. Frequent updates of biomedical management of waste rules should be performed by the certified carrier.
Demonstration of Big Bang-like patterns through logic-implemented DNA algorithmic assembly
Authors: Park Suyoun , Park Sung Ha
Published: July 2022

A DNA algorithm-based logic gate provides an efficient platform for generating various patterns through self-assembly. Self-assembly algorithms using M-input N-output logic gates are easily implemented in DNA tiles. The patterns generated by a 3-input 1-output logic gate show interesting features, such as demonstrations of mathematical functions, physical phenomena observed in nature, and logic operators. We notice that among the 3-input 1-output logic rules, the algorithmic lattices generated by R30 show interesting Big Bang-like patterns. A pattern generated by R30 and specific initial values shows expanding characteristics during the growth of lattices that resemble the Big Bang expansion of the universe. In this study, we demonstrate Big Bang-like patterns using simulations generated by R30 and analyze pattern sizes as a function of growth step number. We discuss pattern sizes and pattern-size-expansion-speeds, both of which are heavily influenced by perturbed initial values. We examine eight different perturbed initial values that induce Big Bang-like patterns with the generation of multiple pattern sizes during the growth of patterns. In addition, we fabricate patterns using DNA algorithmic self-assembly generated by the R30 logic rule with a 3-input 1-output logic operation. The generated algorithmic patterns are visualized by an atomic force microscope. Our method allows the generation and analysis of naturally occurring patterns, such as those found on lizard skin and Zelkova serrata lenticel patterns.
Modeling subgrid-scale scalar dissipation rate in turbulent premixed flames using gene expression programming and deep artificial neural networks
Authors: Kasten C. , Shin J. , Sandberg R. , Pfitzner M. , Chakraborty N. , Klein M.
Published: July 2022

In this present study, gene expression programing (GEP) has been used for training a model for the subgrid scale (SGS) scalar dissipation rate (SDR) for a large range of filter widths, using a database of statistically planar turbulent premixed flames, featuring different turbulence intensities and heat release parameters. GEP is based on the idea to iteratively improve a population of model candidates using the survival-of-the-fittest concept. The resulting model is a mathematical expression that can be easily implemented, shared with the community, and analyzed for physical consistency, as illustrated in this work. Efficient evaluation of the cost function and a smart choice of basis functions have been found to be essential for a successful optimization process. The GEP based model has been found to outperform an existing algebraic model from the literature. However, the optimization process was found to be quite intricate, and the SGS SDR closure turned out to be difficult. Some of these problems have been explained using the model-agnostic interpretation method, which requires the existence of a trained artificial neural network (ANN). ANNs are known for their ability to represent complex functional relationships and serve as an additional benchmark solution for the GEP based model.
The current status of sodium metal anodes for improved sodium batteries and its future perspectives
Authors: Zhang Lifang , Xia Yinghui , Yang Hao , Xiao Sijie , Zhou Jinqiu , Cao Yufeng , Qian Tao
Published: July 2022

Sodium-ion batteries with evident merits in resource abundance and expenditure are emerging as a more suitable alternative to lithium-ion batteries for fulfilling the voracious energy demand of human activities. As the integral component of the battery, the exploration of anode materials suited to the electrochemical system during the last few decades has been never suspended, and the sodium metal anode successfully stands out with its high theoretical capacity and low redox potential. However, a huge gap exists between the direct usage of the sodium metal anode and the large-scale applications, as the uncontrollable sodium dendritic growth during cycling brings about serious concerns (i.e. infinite volume change, unstable solid electrolyte interphase, and safety issues) on battery performance losses. Although a few review articles on high-performance sodium metal anode have been already published, new research on solving the aforementioned challenges is still in progress. Therefore, we herein summarize the recent progress on the high-energy sodium metal anode from four aspects (protective layers, electrolyte additives, three-dimensional framework current collectors, and alloy materials) together with the detailed discussion and analysis in this Perspective. Furthermore, the potential directions and prospects of future research on constructing high-performance sodium metal anodes are also proposed.
Fast dynamics of surfactant probed by the acoustics of a drop impact
Authors: Gillot G. , Génevaux J.-M. , Simon L. , Benyahia L.
Published: July 2022

Adding a surfactant to water leads to changes in the outcome of a water drop impacting on the solution such as the dynamics of the Rayleigh jet, and the same is true for the bubbles entrainment. The resulting acoustic signal is, therefore, modified in the presence of a surfactant and is found to be related to the fast dynamics features of the latter. To this end, the airborne acoustic signal is synchronized with hydrodynamic images, recorded by a high-speed camera, of a water drop impacting aqueous solutions with varying concentrations of three different surfactants. It is found that the starting time of the acoustic events shows a maximum around the third of the critical micellar concentration independently of the surfactant chemistry. This feature is related to the variation of the Rayleigh jet maximum height resulting mainly from a subtle balance between an increase in viscosity and concentration in addition to Marangoni flows that affect the acceleration of the Rayleigh jet and modify its initial speed.
Effects of age at first breeding and dietary energy levels during the rearing period of replacement gilts on reproductive performance
Authors: Moturi Joseph , Hosseindoust Abdolreza , Ha Sang Hun , Tajudeen Habeeb , Mun Jun Young , Kim Jin Soo
Published: July 2022

Context The occurrence of second parity syndrome is a major reason for culling sows depending on the bodyweight and energy level balance during the first lactation. Equally, the nutrition of gilts during the rearing period influences the age of first oestrus, longevity and reproductive performance. Aims The experiment investigated: (1) the influence of gilt mating age (early [EL], middle [MD] and late [LT]) at the first parity on reproductive performance, and (2) the interaction between dietary energy levels (high, 3320 kcal/kg; low, 3120 kcal/kg) and mating age. Methods A total of 120 crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) gilts were allotted to six treatments according to a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement based on mating age (EL [222 days], MD [244 days] and LT [264 days]) at the first parity and dietary energy levels (high, 3320 kcal/kg; low, 3120 kcal/kg). The average weight of gilts were 141 ± 3, 153 ± 3 and 164 ± 3 for the EL, MD and LT groups, respectively. Results High-energy diets tended to increase the growth rate of gilts (P = 0.083). At insemination, bodyweight and back-fat thickness were higher (P < 0.05) in the LT group. Back-fat thickness at farrowing was lower (P < 0.05) in the EL group. The back-fat thickness loss during lactation was highest in the LT group (P < 0.05) during parity one and two. Feed intake during lactation was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in the LT gilts in parity one. Insemination age and dietary energy levels had no significant effects on, litter size, litter weight and weaning to oestrus interval. A higher blood insulin-like growth factor (P < 0.05) was observed in the EL gilts during the first service and weaning. Conclusion Based on these findings, early inseminated gilts had a lower bodyweight loss during lactation without affecting litter size or growth, which in the long term may positively impact culling age. Implication This information may guide swine farmers on the most appropriate age to breed gilts at first service for increased reproductive life. The provision of high-energy feeds did not translate into any meaningful interaction towards improving reproductive performance in gilts.
Recovery of nitrogen fertiliser by drill-sown rice crops using best management practice: a
Authors: Rose Terry J. , Kearney Lee J. , Dunn Brian W. , Dunn Tina S.
Published: July 2022

Context Optimising nitrogen (N) management strategies for drill-sown rice crops is essential for minimising input costs for growers and reducing the environmental impact of rice production. Aims The study aimed to determine the recovery of fertiliser-N in drill-sown Australian rice crops, following current N fertiliser recommendations where two-thirds of the N is applied at sowing (pre-flood) and one-third at panicle initiation. Methods 15N-labelled urea was used to quantify N recovery by field-grown rice crops on a Sodosol and a Vertosol, and to determine the contributions of fertiliser-N applied pre-flood vs that applied at panicle initiation to total N fertiliser recovery on the Vertosol. Results Recovery of 15N fertiliser in grain + straw was ∼50% of applied N on both soils, with a further 20% recovered from roots and soil to a depth of 30 cm. Recovery of N fertiliser applied at panicle initiation (59%) was significantly higher than of N fertiliser applied pre-flood (43%), likely due to the presence of actively growing roots and higher plant N demand. Crops that received N fertiliser took up more native soil N than unfertilised crops on the Vertosol; hence, apparent fertiliser N recoveries were 10–15% higher than N fertiliser recovery determined using 15N-labelled urea. Conclusions The recovery of 50% of fertiliser-N in aboveground plant material indicates that N fertiliser use efficiency in drill-sown rice is similar to that of dryland cereal crops in Australia when best management practice guidelines for N fertiliser use are followed.
Transient and durable T cell reactivity after COVID-19
Authors: Martner Anna , Grauers Wiktorin Hanna , Törnell Andreas , Ringlander Johan , Arabpour Mohammad , Lindh Magnus , Lagging Martin , Nilsson Staffan , Hellstrand Kristoffer
Published: July 2022

This study analyzed whole blood samples (
n
= 56) retrieved from 30 patients at 1 to 21 (median 9) mo after verified COVID-19 to determine the polarity and duration of antigen-specific T cell reactivity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2–derived antigens. Multimeric peptides spanning the entire nucleocapsid protein triggered strikingly synchronous formation of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-12, IL-13, and IL-17 ex vivo until ∼70 d after confirmed infection, whereafter this reactivity was no longer inducible. In contrast, levels of nucleocapsid-induced IL-2 and interferon-γ remained stable and highly correlated at 3 to 21 mo after infection. Similar cytokine dynamics were observed in unvaccinated, convalescent patients using whole-blood samples stimulated with peptides spanning the N-terminal portion of the spike 1 protein. These results unravel two phases of T cell reactivity following natural COVID-19: an early, synchronous response indicating transient presence of multipolar, antigen-specific T helper (T
H
) cells followed by an equally synchronous and durable T
H
1-like reactivity reflecting long-lasting T cell memory.
DNA damage reduces heterogeneity and coherence of chromatin motions
Authors: Locatelli Maëlle , Lawrimore Josh , Lin Hua , Sanaullah Sarvath , Seitz Clayton , Segall Dave , Kefer Paul , Salvador Moreno Naike , Lietz Benton , Anderson Rebecca , Holmes Julia , Yuan Chongli , Holzwarth George , Bloom Kerry S. , Liu Jing , Bonin Keith , Vidi Pierre-Alexandre
Published: July 2022

Chromatin motions depend on and may regulate genome functions, in particular the DNA damage response. In yeast, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) globally increase chromatin diffusion, whereas in higher eukaryotes the impact of DSBs on chromatin dynamics is more nuanced. We mapped the motions of chromatin microdomains in mammalian cells using diffractive optics and photoactivatable chromatin probes and found a high level of spatial heterogeneity. DNA damage reduces heterogeneity and imposes spatially defined shifts in motions: Distal to DNA breaks, chromatin motions are globally reduced, whereas chromatin retains higher mobility at break sites. These effects are driven by context-dependent changes in chromatin compaction. Photoactivated lattices of chromatin microdomains are ideal to quantify microscale coupling of chromatin motion. We measured correlation distances up to 2 µm in the cell nucleus, spanning chromosome territories, and speculate that this correlation distance between chromatin microdomains corresponds to the physical separation of A and B compartments identified in chromosome conformation capture experiments. After DNA damage, chromatin motions become less correlated, a phenomenon driven by phase separation at DSBs. Our data indicate tight spatial control of chromatin motions after genomic insults, which may facilitate repair at the break sites and prevent deleterious contacts of DSBs, thereby reducing the risk of genomic rearrangements.
Quantitative NMR analysis of the kinetics of prenucleation oligomerization and aggregation of pathogenic huntingtin exon-1 protein
Authors: Ceccon Alberto , Tugarinov Vitali , Torricella Francesco , Clore G. Marius
Published: July 2022

The N-terminal region of the huntingtin protein, encoded by exon-1 (htt
ex1
) and containing an expanded polyglutamine tract, forms fibrils that accumulate in neuronal inclusion bodies, resulting in Huntington’s disease. We previously showed that reversible formation of a sparsely populated tetramer of the N-terminal amphiphilic domain, comprising a dimer of dimers in a four-helix bundle configuration, occurs on the microsecond timescale and is an essential prerequisite for subsequent nucleation and fibril formation that takes place orders of magnitude slower on a timescale of hours. For pathogenic htt
ex1
, such as htt
ex1
Q
35
with 35 glutamines, NMR signals decay too rapidly to permit measurement of time-intensive exchange-based experiments. Here, we show that quantitative analysis of both the kinetics and mechanism of prenucleation tetramerization and aggregation can be obtained simultaneously from a series of
1
H-
15
N band–selective optimized flip-angle short-transient heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (SOFAST-HMQC) correlation spectra. The equilibria and kinetics of tetramerization are derived from the time dependence of the
15
N chemical shifts and
1
H-
15
N cross-peak volume/intensity ratios, while the kinetics of irreversible fibril formation are afforded by the decay curves of
1
H-
15
N cross-peak intensities and volumes. Analysis of data on htt
ex1
Q
35
over a series of concentrations ranging from 200 to 750 μM and containing variable (7 to 20%) amounts of the Met
7
O sulfoxide species, which does not tetramerize, shows that aggregation of native htt
ex1
Q
35
proceeds via fourth-order primary nucleation, consistent with the critical role of prenucleation tetramerization, coupled with first-order secondary nucleation. The Met
7
O sulfoxide species does not nucleate but is still incorporated into fibrils by elongation.
Triceps brachii hypertrophy is substantially greater after elbow extension training performed in the overhead versus neutral arm position
Authors: Maeo Sumiaki , Wu Yuhang , Huang Meng , Sakurai Hikaru , Kusagawa Yuki , Sugiyama Takashi , Kanehisa Hiroaki , Isaka Tadao
Published: July 2022

The biarticular triceps brachii long head (TBLong) is lengthened more in the overhead than neutral arm position. We compared triceps brachii hypertrophy after elbow extension training performed in the overhead vs. neutral arm position. Using a cable machine, 21 adults conducted elbow extensions (90−0°) with one arm in the overhead (Overhead‐Arm) and the other arm in the neutral (Neutral‐Arm) position at 70% one‐repetition maximum (1RM), 10 reps/set, 5 sets/session, 2 sessions/week for 12 weeks. Training load was gradually increased (+5% 1RM/session) when the preceding session was completed without repetition failure. 1RM of the assigned condition and MRI‐measured muscle volume of the TBLong, monoarticular lateral and medial heads (TBLat+Med), and whole triceps brachii (Whole‐TB) were assessed pre‐ and post‐training. Training load and 1RM increased in both arms similarly (+62−71% at post, P = 0.285), while their absolute values/weights were always lower in Overhead‐Arm (‐34−39%, P < 0.001). Changes in muscle volume in Overhead‐Arm compared to Neutral‐Arm were 1.5‐fold greater for the TBLong (+28.5% vs. +19.6%, Cohen's d = 0.61, P < 0.001), 1.4‐fold greater for the TBLat+Med (+14.6% vs. +10.5%, d = 0.39, P = 0.002), and 1.4‐fold greater for the Whole‐TB (+19.9% vs. +13.9%, d = 0.54, P < 0.001). In conclusion, triceps brachii hypertrophy was substantially greater after elbow extension training performed in the overhead versus neutral arm position, even with lower absolute loads used during the training.
Nanohybrids of oxides nanoparticles-chitosan and their antimicrobial properties
Authors: Matyjasik Wiktoria , Długosz Olga , Lis Kinga , Banach Marcin
Published: July 2022

Growing international problem with pathogens acquiring resistance to antibiotics is the reason for the search for bactericidal substances against which microorganisms cannot become resistant. The aim of this study was to synthesize inorganic–organic nanohybrids and obtain materials with antimicrobial effects. Chitosan (CS) was deposited on nanocomposite carriers such as calcium oxide with titanium dioxide (CaO-TiO2), magnesium oxide with titanium dioxide (MgO-TiO2) and copper(II) oxide with titanium dioxide (CuO-TiO2). The efficiency of the process was examined at varying concentrations of chitosan and temperature. The parameters for nanohybrids synthesis were selected based on the highest amount of nano-chitosan deposited on the nanohybrids—for each carrier, the process conditions were as follows: chitosan solution at 5 g l−1 and 20 °C. The materials were obtained using these parameters and were used for microbiological tests against E. coli ATCC 25922, S. aureus ATCC 25923 and C. albicans ATCC 10231. The growth inhibitory activity of the obtained materials was qualitatively defined. These results suggest that the synthesized nanohybrids and nanocomposites exhibit biostatic action. The material with the broadest effect was the CuO-TiO2-CS hybrid, which had biostatic properties against all tested strains at a minimal concentration of 1250 μg ml−1. Further research is required to find eco-friendly, non-toxic, and more effective antimicrobials with a broad action to prevent the acquisition of resistance.
Highly sensitive fluorescent detection of EDIL3 overexpressed exosomes for the diagnosis of triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Wei Ying-xiang , Han Jia-hao , Shen Hui-ming , Wang Ying-yan , Qi Min , Wang Ling , Li Jia
Published: July 2022

EDIL3 is a strong and highly accurate diagnostic marker for breast cancer, meanwhile, EDIL3 overexpressed exosomes are novel biomarkers for the early diagnosis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, we proposed a fluorescent detection method for EDIL3 overexpressed exosomes, which is simple and sensitive. Basically, we utilized a magnetic nanospheres (MNS) based liquid sandwich immunoassay strategy. MNS were modified with CD63 aptamers, which can immunologically bound to the CD63 protein on the surface of exosomes. Alexa Fluor 647 labeled anti-EDIL3 antibodies (Anti-EDIL3/AF647) were used as the fluorescent probes to recognize the EDIL3 on exosomes derived from a TNBC cell line (MDA-MB-231). With the target TNBC exosomes present, sandwich structures containing MNS, exosomes and fluorescent probes were formed. After magnetic purification, optical super resolution imaging of the products was conducted to check the specificity of the assay. In addition, fluorescence signals of the products were detected to quantitatively analyze the EDIL3 overexpressed exosomes. The linear range was found to be 7.78 × 101 to 7.78× 106 particles μl−1. The detection limit was approximately 10 particles μl−1. The feasibility of the method for the detection of exosomes in complex biological samples was also demonstrated. Such a simple and sensitive detection method for EDIL3 overexpressed exosomes holds a great potential in clinical diagnosis of TNBC.
Direct laser cooling of calcium monohydride molecules
Authors: Vázquez-Carson S F , Sun Q , Dai J , Mitra D , Zelevinsky T
Published: July 2022

We demonstrate optical cycling and laser cooling of a cryogenic buffer-gas beam of calcium monohydride (CaH) molecules. We measure vibrational branching ratios for laser cooling transitions for both excited electronic states A and B. Furthermore, we measure that repeated photon scattering via the A ← X transition is achievable at a rate of

∼
1.6
×
1

0

6

photons s−1 and demonstrate interaction-time limited scattering of

∼
200

photons by repumping the largest vibrational decay channel. We also demonstrate a sub-Doppler cooling technique, namely the magnetically assisted Sisyphus effect, and use it to cool the transverse temperature of a molecular beam of CaH. Using a standing wave of light, we lower the transverse temperature from 12.2(1.2) mK to 5.7(1.1) mK. We compare these results to a model that uses optical Bloch equations and Monte Carlo simulations of the molecular beam trajectories. This work establishes a clear pathway for creating a magneto-optical trap (MOT) of CaH molecules. Such a MOT could serve as a starting point for production of ultracold hydrogen gas via dissociation of a trapped CaH cloud.
Performance comparison and analysis of dimers metasurface structures under different materials based on fano resonance
Authors: Chen Ying , Ding Zhixin , Zhou Jian , Zhang Min
Published: July 2022

The selection of material type has great influence on the characteristics of optical metasurface. In this paper, a dimer metasurface structure is proposed, and the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is used to study the transmission characteristics of metasurface structure of different dimer materials under the same structural parameters, and Fano resonance peak appears in the transmission spectrum. The formation mechanism of each Fano resonance is analyzed based on multipole theory, and the spectral characteristics and sensing characteristics of the metasurface structure of each material type are compared and analyzed. The results show that the proposed metasurface structure has high sensing sensitivity under the materials selection of metal/dielectric materials, but the Fano resonance spectrum performance is poor due to the ohmic loss of metal materials. Under the choice of all-dielectric material, Fano resonance has nearly 100% modulation depth, high Q factor and FOM value. This study can provide a theoretical reference for the design of metasurface and the design of optical micro-nano structures based on Fano resonance.
Spontaneous Lorentz symmetry breaking and one-loop effective action in the metric-affine bumblebee gravity
Authors: Delhom Adrià , Mariz T. , Nascimento J.R. , Olmo Gonzalo J. , Petrov A.Yu. , Porfírio Paulo J.
Published: July 2022

The metric-affine bumblebee model in the presence of fermionic matter minimally coupled to the connection is studied. We show that the model admits an Einstein frame representation in which the matter sector is described by a non-minimal Dirac action without any analogy in the literature. Such non-minimal terms involve unconventional couplings between the bumblebee and the fermion field. We then rewrite the quadratic fermion action in the Einstein frame in the basis of 16 Dirac matrices in order to identify the coefficients for Lorentz/CPT violation in all orders of the non-minimal couplingξ. The exact result for the fermionic determinant in the Einstein frame, including all orders inξ, is also provided. We demonstrate that the axial contributions are at least of second order in the perturbative expansion ofξ. Furthermore, we compute the one-loop effective potential within the weak field approximation.
Ultraviolet freeze-in with a time-dependent inflaton decay
Authors: Barman Basabendu , Bernal Nicolás , Xu Yong , Zapata Óscar
Published: July 2022

It is typically assumed that during reheating the inflaton decays with a constant decay width. However, this is not guaranteed and can have a strong impact on the dark matter (DM) genesis. In the context of the ultraviolet (UV) freeze-in mechanism, if the operators connecting the dark and visible sectors are of sufficiently high mass dimension, the bulk of the DM abundance is produced during and not after reheating. We study here the impact of a time-dependent decay width of the inflaton on the DM abundance, emphasizing the differences with respect to the cases where the decay is either instantaneous or constant. We also provide concrete examples for DM production via UV freeze-in, e.g., from 2-to-2 scatterings of standard model particles, or from inflaton scatterings or decays, elucidating how the time-dependence influences the DM yield.
In vivo neural spike detection with adaptive noise estimation
Authors: Valencia Daniel , Mercier Patrick P , Alimohammad Amir
Published: July 2022

Objective. The ability to reliably detect neural spikes from a relatively large population of neurons contaminated with noise is imperative for reliable decoding of recorded neural information. Approach. This article first analyzes the accuracy and feasibility of various potential spike detection techniques for in vivo realizations. Then an accurate and computationally-efficient spike detection module that can autonomously adapt to variations in recording channels’ statistics is presented. Main results. The accuracy of the chosen candidate spike detection technique is evaluated using both synthetic and real neural recordings. The designed detector also offers the highest decoding performance over two animal behavioral datasets among alternative detection methods. Significance. The implementation results of the designed 128-channel spike detection module in a standard 180 nm CMOS process is among the most area and power-efficient spike detection ASICs and operates within the tissue-safe constraints for brain implants, while offering adaptive noise estimation.
Micromegas sectors for the ATLAS muon upgrade, towards the installation of the New Small Wheel in 2021
Authors: Martinelli L.
Published: July 2022

The ATLAS experiment is currently upgrading the first muon station in the high-rapidity region with the construction of new detector structures, named New Small Wheels (NSW), based on large-size multi-gap resistive strip Micromegas (MM) technology and small-strip Thin Gap Chambers (sTGC). The NSW is being installed in the ATLAS underground cavern during the on-going LHC long shutdown 2 to enter operation for run 3. 128 Micromegas quadruplets, each of which provides four measurements of a particle track, are needed to build the two New Small Wheels, covering a total active area of about 1280 m2. The construction of all MM modules, carried out in France, Germany, Italy, Russia and Greece, is completed. Their mechanical integration into sectors, and the installation of on-detector services and electronics for the first NSW is also completed, along with all validation and acceptance tests. The preparation of the second NSW is well advanced. The advanced status of the project, in view of the imminent installation of the two NSW in ATLAS by the 2021 is reported. The integration workflow of Micromegas detectors into sectors is described with focus on cosmic rays results of the final validation tests.
Precision tracking micro-pattern gaseous detectors at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics
Authors: Bobrovnikov V.S. , Fedotovich G.V. , Kaminskiy V.V. , Kudryavtsev V.N. , Maltsev T.V. , Nikolaev I.B. , Nikolenko D.M. , Rachek I.A. , Shekhtman L.I. , Shestakov Yu.V. , Sokolov A.V. , Zakharov S.A. , Zhilich V.N.
Published: July 2022

In this article a short overview of current micro-pattern gaseous detectors development and applications at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics is presented. The triple-GEM detector for the Laser Polarimeter facility and the end-cap discs for the upgrade of the CMD-3 detector are considered in more details.
A prototype pixel readout chip working in single photon counting mode with a novel charge sharing suppression scheme
Authors: Cui S. , Wei W. , Zhang J. , Li M. , Li H. , Li Z. , Jiang X. , Zhu K. , Liu P. , Wang Z. , Chen Y.
Published: July 2022

Spectral distortion due to the charge sharing effect becomes a severe issue in single-photon counting pixel detectors. The HEPS-BPIX4 prototype chip, dedicated for the HEPS in China, implements a novel architecture to mitigate charge sharing and permit spectroscopic imaging with high efficiency. In the architecture, a central pixel communicates with others in a cluster of 3 × 3 pixels. The algorithm simulation showed a charge sharing elimination accuracy better than 90%. The prototype chip has been designed in a 130 nm CMOS technology. The preliminary measurements show a charge gain of 48 mV/ke− and an equivalent noise charge of 150 e− rms. Detailed tests in a 4 × 4 pixel array for the charge sharing are performed using electrical test pulses. The hit allocation in the core four adjacent pixels of the array indicates that effective suppression of charge sharing has been realized.
Accurate simultaneous measurement of heartbeat and respiratory intervals using a smartphone
Authors: Scarpetta M. , Spadavecchia M. , Andria G. , Ragolia M.A. , Giaquinto N.
Published: July 2022

In this paper, a method based on the usage of a smartphone
for measuring simultaneously both heartbeat intervals and
respiratory intervals is presented. In particular, the commodity
accelerometer of a smartphone is used for measuring the
seismocardiographic signal generated by heart activity and the
acceleration due to breathing movements. The measurement is
performed with the subject laying down, placing the smartphone on
his/her xiphoid process. Signal processing algorithms are presented
in the paper that can produce an accurate estimation of heartbeat
and respiratory intervals from the measured acceleration signals. A
metrological validation of the heartbeat and respiratory intervals
estimates obtained with the proposed method is carried out by
comparison with measurements obtained using an electrocardiograph
and a spirometer. Two practical examples of applications of the
measured quantities are finally reported, that are the measurement
of the Heart Rate Variability from heartbeat intervals and of the
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia from both the heartbeat intervals and
the respiratory signal.
Impacts of large-scale land acquisitions on smallholder agriculture and livelihoods in Tanzania
Authors: Sullivan J A , Brown D G , Moyo F , Jain M , Agrawal A
Published: July 2022

Improving agricultural productivity is a foundational sustainability challenge in the 21st century. Large-scale land acquisitions (LSLAs) have important effects on both well-being and the environment in the Global South. Their impacts on agricultural productivity and subsequent effects on farm incomes, food-security and the distribution of these outcomes across households remain under-investigated. In particular, prior studies do not sufficiently attend to the mechanistic nature of changes in household agricultural practices that affect LSLA outcomes. To address these challenges, we use a novel household dataset and a quasi-experimental design to estimate household-level changes in agricultural productivity and other LSLA outcomes in Tanzania. We use causal mediation analysis to assess how four common mechanisms—contract farming, land loss, market access and technology adoption around LSLAs—influence agricultural productivity. We find that households near LSLAs exhibit 20.2% (95% CI: 3.1%–37.3%) higher agricultural productivity, primarily due to increased crop prices and farmer selection of high-value crops. Importantly, the direction and magnitude of effect sizes associated with the different mechanisms vary. The presence of contract farming explains 18.1% (95% CI: 0.56%, 47%) of the effect size in agricultural productivity, whereas land loss reduces agricultural productivity by 26.8% (95% CI: −71.3%, −4.0%). Market access and technology adoption explain little to no portion of the effect size on agricultural productivity. Despite higher agricultural productivity mediated by contract farming, we do not find increased household incomes or food security. Plausible explanations include limited market access, higher crop prices restricting food access and elite capture of contract farming concentrating income effects to a few households. Our results stand in contrast to assumptions that technological spillovers occur through LSLAs and are the principal drivers of LSLA-induced agricultural transformation. We find instead that access to contract farming and high-value crops lead to greater agricultural productivity, but also that benefits related to these mechanisms are unequally distributed.
The SAGEX review on scattering amplitudes Chapter 4: Multi-loop Feynman integrals
Authors: Blümlein Johannes , Schneider Carsten
Published: July 2022

The analytic integration and simplification of multi-loop Feynman integrals to special functions and constants plays an important role to perform higher order perturbative calculations in the standard model of elementary particles. In this survey article the most recent and relevant computer algebra and special function algorithms are presented that are currently used or that may play an important role to perform such challenging precision calculations in the future. They are discussed in the context of analytic zero, single and double scale calculations in the quantum field theories of the standard model and effective field theories, also with classical applications. These calculations play a central role in the analysis of precision measurements at present and future colliders to obtain ultimate information for fundamental physics.
Analysis of factors affecting the energy consumption of an EV vehicle - a literature study
Authors: Skuza A , Jurecki R S
Published: July 2022

One of the most requested information about an electric vehicle is its energy consumption. This parameter is particularly important for electric vehicles users who drive them in real conditions. This paper aims to conduct literature research on the factors affecting the energy consumption of a vehicle. The article contains a set of information concerning how the temperature, traffic conditions, or properties of an electric vehicle translate into energy consumption. The results of studies presented in various publications were compared. The literature analysis allowed for the creation of a list that can be used as a compendium of knowledge on the energy consumption of electric cars.
Risks of the insurance in road transport
Authors: Kubáňová J. , Kubasáková I. , Poliak M.
Published: July 2022

The growing trend of road freight transport also brings many negative factors, such as an increase in crime in the sector. In 2021, semi-trailers took the second place in the number of registered vehicles in Slovakia. This is also reflected the crime in the road freight transport, which has had a very slow declining trend in recent years. On the contrary, what is growing is the number of insurance frauds recorded by the Slovak insurance company. We analyse in the article individual types of criminal offenses in road freight transport. We are also trying to find measures by which the risk of crime can be reduced. Whether measures in the form of insurance or options verification of information before the start of the shipment itself. Insurance does not have to be just a means of compensating for any damages, it can at the same time serve as a tool to make the services offered more attractive, confirmation complexity of the services offered, but it can also be one of the motivational tools employer.
Identifying the Age of a Vehicle for Commercial Safety and Forensic Purposes Using “Window Stamps”
Authors: Rak R. , Sulc V. , Vlach F. , Kopencova D. , Hudecova V.
Published: July 2022

This paper deals with the issue of rapid, indicative identification of the age of a vehicle using time stamps on various components of the vehicle for technical, commercial, safety and forensic purposes. The main aim of the paper is the possibility of using markings of individual vehicle windows or “window stamps”, in which the times of production of the windows are encrypted in various ways. An analysis of time markings on vehicle windows was conducted on the basis of an extensive collection of photographs of windows from 980 basic vehicle models manufactured between 1991 and 2021, and acquired between 2015 and 2021 as part of the Europe-wide initiative eCall. Research found that 98.8% of all common motor vehicle window panes on the European market come with one of only three basic types of window stamps, which were named Euro-American, Japanese and Korean. The paper provides a detailed description of the structure and decoding of vehicle window stamps of the three specified basic types.
The estimation of frequency response of nonlinear quarter car model and bilinear model of damper characteristics
Authors: Klockiewicz Z , Ślaski G
Published: July 2022

The paper presents proposed and tested methods of estimation of frequency response of nonlinear quarter car suspension model and comparison with method for linear model used for research of vehicle vertical dynamics. Linear quarter car suspension model is widely used for estimation of comfort and safety performance of passive and semiactive suspensions. The real suspension - especially shock absorbers - are non-linear in three aspects: static characteristics, hysteresis and the presence of friction. Testing linear suspension model is possible with the use of analytical transfer function formulas but testing real suspension on a testing stand or even virtual but nonlinear suspension needs to use methods of transfer function estimation. It was necessary to design appropriate input signal allowing to get useful response signals. With the use of obtained frequency responses a method of linear estimation of nonlinear suspension for a given range of working condition was proposed. Also the bilinear model of damper characteristic estimation was proposed and tested proving to be good alternative to nonlinear characteristic.
Lateral acceleration tests during circular driving maneuvers and double lane change
Authors: Grabski P , Jaśkiewicz M , Jurecki R , Kurczyński D , Łagowski P , Stańczyk TL , Szumska E , Zuska A
Published: July 2022

The paper presents the analysis of lateral acceleration based on a vehicle traveling in a circle with a double lane change. The maneuvers of driving in a circle and double lane changes were chosen not by accident. Tests were carried out on a popular brand passenger car on wet and dry surfaces. The vehicle is equipped with high-class electronic equipment that records vehicle motion parameters such as lateral acceleration, longitudinal acceleration, speed and others. In the study, the results of maneuvers were statistically analyzed and tabulated in order to compare and influence the comfort of travellers.
Yellow and brown grease—characteristics of compression-ignition engine
Authors: Ciesielski R , Zakrzewski M , Shtyka O , Maniecki T , Rylski A , Wozniak M , Kubiak P , Siczek K
Published: July 2022

This papers presents the results of analysis done on a compression-ignition engine supplied with methyl ester of rapeseed oil (Yellow Grease), methyl ester of goose fat (Brown Grease) and pure diesel. The analysis included the engine characteristics, emissions and fuel consumption. Results also include chromatographic analysis for all of the three fuels. Additional evaluation was done on a vehicle idling and under load.
Analysis of longitudinal acceleration during rapid minibus braking on various surfaces
Authors: Kurczyński D , Łagowski P , Stańczyk T , Szumska E , Zuska A , Grabski P , Jaśkiewicz M , Jurecki R
Published: July 2022

Vehicle acceleration can be used to control vehicle traffic, evaluate driver behaviour and analyse accident causes, among others. The purpose of the testing was to designate longitudinal acceleration in limit conditions during the test vehicle’s braking on various surfaces. The paper presents selected results of testing the motion parameters of a Ford Transit during rapid braking. The testing included measurements of the vehicle’s acceleration and speed on test sections with asphalt and concrete surfaces. The test runs were conducted on a dry, wet and icy asphalt surface. The testing included determination of the impact of the road surface’s condition on the vehicle’s longitudinal acceleration. It was demonstrated that a virtually invisible and thin ice layer covering the road surface substantially affected the acceleration during braking, thereby affecting safety. A clean and wet surface caused a negligible change in the tested vehicle’s acceleration. The obtained results can be used in accident cause analysis with consideration of the road surface’s condition.