bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of Surgical Incisions Used for the Excision of Benign Parotid Tumors
Authors: Zeng Junhao , Li Jianrui , Saad Mariam , Lineaweaver William C. , Qi Fazhi , Pan Yuyan
Published: August 2024

Objective

To provide surgical references for selecting appropriate parotidectomy incisions, reviewing modified approaches, incision designs, and associated complications.

Methods

We have systematically searched 5 medical literature databases examining parotidectomy incision designs and postoperative complications from 2008 to 2021.

Results

There are a total of 9 novel incision designs: 1) posterior auricular hairline incision (PAHI); 2) combined preauricular and retroauricular incision (CPRI); 3) V-shaped incision (VI); 4) N-shaped incision (NI); 5) postaural incision (PI); 6) preauricular crutch incision (PCI); and 7) endaural incision (EI). Simultaneously, there are a total of 8 postoperative complications: 1) infection; 2) salivary fistula; 3) facial nerve palsy/paresis; 4) ear lobule numbness; 5) Frey syndrome; 6) facial deformity; 7) hematoma; and 8) tumor reoccurrence.

Conclusions

Over the last decade, a surge in modified parotidectomy incisions has been witnessed in clinical practice. This expansion is attributed to rapid technical advancements and a deeper understanding of anatomy and histopathology. These modified approaches contribute significantly to improving cosmetic outcomes, minimizing associated complications, and enhancing patient satisfaction.
Rosacea Epidemiological Investigation and Etiology Exploration in the Plateau Area
Authors: Wen Weidong , Dahl Colin , Zhang Yong
Published: August 2024

Background

The epidemiology of 2 neighboring cities of differing altitude in Northwest China is unknown. The present study investigated the prevalence of rosacea in a high-altitude city and a low-altitude city.

Methods

The prevalence study was conducted via clinical examination of male and female participants in the following age groups: 5–17, 18–30, 31–50, and 51–70 years. Rosacea subtype was also determined as erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETTR) or papulopustular rosacea (PPR).

Results

The rosacea prevalence (RP) in the low-altitude city was 33.8% ± 1.2% (95% CI, ETTR = 1794, PPR = 174, n = 5794). RP in the high-altitude city has a notably higher reading of 47.7% ± 1.4% (95% CI, ETTR = 2090, PPR = 219, n = 4796). In both cities, the ETTR subtype predominated, and there was marked increase in RP among females. RP in low-altitude city females was steady across all age groups, while RP in low-altitude city males showed a declining trend with age. RP in high-altitude city females indicated a slightly increasing trend with age, while RP in males again showed a declining trend with age. Based on the results of this high-altitude city and low-altitude city study, there are an estimated 2.1 million people with rosacea, from 2 cities with a total population of 5.4 million.

Conclusions

Due to the high altitude and accompanying increased UV radiation, cold climate, and reduced oxygen density, the greater northwest region of China is expected to experience high RP rates.
Milestones in Surgical Complication Reporting
Authors: Abbassi Fariba , Pfister Matthias , Lucas Katharina L. , Domenghino Anja , Puhan Milo A. , Clavien Pierre-Alain ,   the Outcome Reporting Group
Published: August 2024

Objective:

To provide improved guidance for the consistent application of the Clavien-Dindo classification (CDC) and Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI®) in challenging clinical scenarios.

Background:

Standardized outcome reporting is key for the proper assessment of surgical procedures. A recent consensus conference recommended the CDC and the CCI® for assessing postoperative morbidity. Several challenging scenarios for grading complications still require evidence-based guidance, and the use of the 2 metrics in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) remains unexplored.

Methods:

We assessed the use of the CDC and CCI® as an outcome measure in a systematic literature search. In addition, we asked 163 international surgeons to critically evaluate and independently grade complications in 20 complex clinical scenarios. Finally, a Core Group of 5 experts used this information to develop consistent recommendations.

Results:

Until July 2023, 1327 RCTs selected the CDC and/or CCI® to assess morbidity. Annual use was steadily increasing with now over 200 new RCTs per year. However, only a third (n = 335) of published RCTs provided the complete range of CDC grades, including all subgrades. Eighty-nine out of 163 surgeons (response rate: 55%) completed the questionnaire that served as a basis for the recommendations: repetitive interventions that are required to treat one complication, complications followed by further complications, complications occurring before referral, and expected and unrelated complications to the original procedure should all be counted separately and included in the CCI®. Invasive blank diagnostic interventions should not be considered a complication.

Conclusions:

The increasing use of the CDC and CCI® in RCTs highlights the importance of their standardized application. The current consensus on various difficult scenarios may offer novel guidance for the consistent use of the CDC and CCI®, aiming to improve complication reporting and better quality control, ultimately benefiting all health care stakeholders and, first and foremost, all patients.
The reduction in relative brain size in the domesticated dog is not an evolutionary singularity among the canids
Authors: Garamszegi László Zsolt , Kolm Niclas
Published: August 2024

Domestication has long been considered the most powerful evolutionary engine behind dramatic reductions in brain size in several taxa, and the dog (
Canis familiaris
) is considered as a typical example that shows a substantial decrease in brain size relative to its ancestor, the grey wolf (
Canis lupus
). However, to make the case for exceptional evolution of reduced brain size under domestication requires an interspecific approach in a phylogenetic context that can quantify the extent by which domestication reduces brain size in comparison to closely related non-domesticated species responding to different selection factors in the wild. Here, we used a phylogenetic method to identify evolutionary singularities to test if the domesticated dog stands out in terms of relative brain size from other species of canids. We found that the dog does not present unambiguous signature of evolutionary singularity with regard to its small brain size, as the results were sensitive to the considerations about the ancestral trait values upon domestication. However, we obtained strong evidence for the hibernating common raccoon dog (
Nyctereutes procyonoides
) being an evolutionary outlier for its brain size. Therefore, domestication is not necessarily an exceptional case concerning evolutionary reductions in brain size in an interspecific perspective.
Interpreting the CTCF-mediated sequence grammar of genome folding with AkitaV2
Authors: Smaruj Paulina N. , Kamulegeya Fahad , Kelley David R. , Fudenberg Geoffrey
Published: August 2024

Interphase mammalian genomes are folded in 3D with complex locus-specific patterns that impact gene regulation. CTCF (CCCTC-binding factor) is a key architectural protein that binds specific DNA sites, halts cohesin-mediated loop extrusion, and enables long-range chromatin interactions. There are hundreds of thousands of annotated CTCF-binding sites in mammalian genomes; disruptions of some result in distinct phenotypes, while others have no visible effect. Despite their importance, the determinants of which CTCF sites are necessary for genome folding and gene regulation remain unclear. Here, we update and utilize Akita, a convolutional neural network model, to extract the sequence preferences and grammar of CTCF contributing to genome folding. Our analyses of individual CTCF sites reveal four predictions: (i) only a small fraction of genomic sites are impactful, (ii) insulation strength is highly dependent on sequences flanking the core CTCF binding motif, (iii) core and flanking sequences are broadly compatible, and (iv) core and flanking nucleotides contribute largely additively to overall strength. Our analysis of collections of CTCF sites make two predictions for multi-motif grammar: (i) insulation strength depends on the number of CTCF sites within a cluster, and (ii) pattern formation is governed by the orientation and spacing of these sites, rather than any inherent specialization of the CTCF motifs themselves. In sum, we present a framework for using neural network models to probe the sequences instructing genome folding and provide a number of predictions to guide future experimental inquiries.

Author Summary

Mammalian genomes are spatially organized in 3D with profound consequences for all processes involving DNA. CTCF is a key genome organizer, recognizing numerous sites and creating a variety of contact patterns across the genome. Despite the importance of CTCF, the sequence determinants and grammar of how individual sites collectively instruct genome folding remain unclear. This work leverages the ability of Akita, a deep neural network, to make high-throughput predictions for genome folding after DNA sequence perturbations. Using Akita, we make several experimentally testable predictions. First, only a minority of annotated sites individually impact folding, and flanking DNA sequences greatly modulate their impact. Second, multiple sites together influence folding based on their number, orientation, and spacing. In sum, we provide a roadmap for interpreting neural networks to better understand genome folding and important considerations for the design of experiments.
Site-resolved energetic information from HX/MS experiments
Authors: Lu Chenlin , Wells Malcolm L. , Reckers Andrew , Glasgow Anum
Published: August 2024

While bioinformatics reveals patterns in protein sequences and structural biology methods elucidate atomic details of protein structures, it is difficult to attain equally high-resolution energetic information about protein conformational ensembles. We present PIGEON-FEATHER, a method for calculating free energies of opening (∆Gop) at single- or near-single-amino acid resolution for protein ensembles of all sizes from hydrogen exchange/mass spectrometry (HX/MS) data. PIGEON-FEATHER disambiguates and reconstructs all experimentally measured isotopic mass envelopes using a Bayesian Monte Carlo sampling approach. We applied PIGEON-FEATHER to reveal how E. coli and human dihydrofolate reductase orthologs (ecDHFR, hDHFR) have evolved distinct ensembles tuned to their catalytic cycles, and how two competitive inhibitors of ecDHFR arrest its ensemble in different ways. Extending the method to a large protein-DNA complex, we mapped ligand-induced ensemble reweighting in the E. coli lac repressor to understand the functional switching mechanism crucial for transcriptional regulation.
Method to determine the optimal impedance profile of nonuniform transmission lines used for pulsed power accelerators
Authors: Zhou Quan , Zhu Xinlei , Du Yaping
Published: August 2024

Nonuniform transmission lines (NTLs) are widely used in pulsed power accelerators because they provide an efficient way to achieve impedance matching and pulse shaping. Since designing and constructing these accelerators typically demands substantial effort, finding the optimal impedance profile to maximize the power transmission efficiencies of the NTLs is important. In this paper, a convenient numerical method to determine the optimal impedance profile is proposed. First, the output of the NTL with arbitrary parameters is theoretically analyzed under arbitrary input conditions. It was found that only four factors affect the power transmission efficiency: the ratio of output impedance to input impedance, the ratio of input pulse width to the NTL’s one-way transit time, the normalized impedance profile, and the normalized input pulse. Based on these findings, a method designed to minimize the reflected component within the working frequency range is proposed. Using this method, an impedance profile demonstrating superior power transmission efficiency compared to the traditional exponential profile is identified. This work can provide a rapid and effective method to determine the impedance profile of the NTL, undoubtedly benefiting the design process of pulsed power accelerators.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Biophysical fluid dynamics in a Petri dish
Authors: Fortune George T. , Lauga Eric , Goldstein Raymond E.
Published: August 2024

The humble Petri dish is perhaps the simplest setting in which to examine the locomotion of swimming organisms, particularly those whose body size is tens of microns to millimeters. The fluid layer in such a container has a bottom no-slip surface and a stress-free upper boundary. It is of fundamental interest to understand the flow fields produced by the elementary and composite singularities of Stokes flow in this geometry. Building on the few particular cases that have previously been considered in the literature, we study here the image systems for the primary singularities of Stokes flow subject to such boundary conditions—the Stokeslet, rotlet, source, rotlet dipole, source dipole, and stresslet—paying particular attention to the far-field behavior. In several key situations, the depth-averaged fluid flow is accurately captured by the solution of an associated Brinkman equation whose screening length is proportional to the depth of the fluid layer. The case of hydrodynamic bound states formed by spinning microswimmers near a no-slip surface, discovered first using the alga , is reconsidered in the geometry of a Petri dish, where the power-law attractive interaction between microswimmers acquires unusual exponentially screened oscillations.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Sensitivity study of resolution and convergence requirements for the extended overlap region in wall-bounded turbulence
Authors: Hoyas Sergio , Vinuesa Ricardo , Schmid Peter , Nagib Hassan
Published: August 2024

Direct numerical simulations (DNSs) are among the most powerful tools for studying turbulent flows. Even though the achievable Reynolds numbers are lower than those obtained through experimental means, DNS offers a clear advantage: The entire velocity field is known, allowing for the evaluation of any desired quantity. This capability includes the computation of derivatives of all relevant terms. One such derivative provides the indicator function, which is the product of the wall distance and the wall-normal derivative of the mean streamwise velocity. This derivative may depend on mesh spacing and distribution, but it is extremely affected by the convergence of the simulation. The indicator function is crucial for understanding inner and outer interactions in wall-bounded flows and describing the overlap region between them. We find a clear dependence of this indicator function on the mesh distributions we examine, raising questions about classical mesh and convergence requirements for DNS and achievable accuracy. Within the framework of the logarithmic plus linear overlap region, coupled with a parametric study of channel flows and some pipe flows, sensitivities of extracted overlap parameters are examined. This study reveals a path to establishing their high-Reτ or nearly asymptotic values at modest Reynolds numbers, but larger than the ones used in this work, accessible by high-quality DNS with reasonable cost.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Classical chaos in quantum computers
Authors: Börner Simon-Dominik , Berke Christoph , DiVincenzo David P. , Trebst Simon , Altland Alexander
Published: August 2024

The development of quantum computing hardware is facing the challenge that current-day quantum processors, comprising 50–100 qubits, already operate outside the range of quantum simulation on classical computers. In this paper we demonstrate that the simulation of limits can be a potent diagnostic tool for the resilience of quantum information hardware against chaotic instabilities potentially mitigating this problem. As a testbed for our approach we consider the transmon qubit processor, a computing platform in which the coupling of large numbers of nonlinear quantum oscillators may trigger destabilizing chaotic resonances. We find that classical and quantum simulations lead to similar stability metrics (classical Lyapunov exponents vs quantum wave function participation ratios) in systems with O(10) transmons. However, the big advantage of classical simulation is that it can be pushed to large systems comprising up to thousands of qubits. We exhibit the utility of this classical toolbox by simulating all current IBM transmon chips, including the 433-qubit processor of the Osprey generation, as well as devices with 1121 qubits (Condor generation). For realistic system parameters, we find a systematic increase of Lyapunov exponents with system size, suggesting that larger layouts require added efforts in information protection.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Overlapping plastic events as a mechanism for irreversible dynamics in amorphous solids under oscillatory shear
Authors: Szulc Asaf , Regev Ido
Published: August 2024

The origin of the transition from asymptotically reversible to asymptotically irreversible response in amorphous solids subject to oscillatory shear is still unknown. It is known that the plastic events that result from shearing always involve localized particle rearrangements, but it is unclear why some are reversible while others are not. Here, we show, using simulations and models, that overlaps between particle rearrangements caused by straining the solid in alternating directions can cause the response to become irreversible when they occur frequently. As the forcing amplitude increases, plastic events become more frequent, the number of such overlaps increases, and the probability of the system returning to previous states diminishes.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Mechanical optimization of skateboard pumping
Authors: Kogelbauer Florian , Koyama Shinsuke , Callan Daniel E. , Shinomoto Shigeru
Published: August 2024

Skateboarders perform a reciprocating motion on a curved ramp, called pumping, by moving their bodies up and down perpendicular to the ramp surface. We propose a simple mechanical model for this pumping motion and solve the equation of motion explicitly in angular coordinates. This allows us to derive an optimal control strategy to maximize amplitude by dynamically adjusting the center of mass of the skateboarder. This optimal strategy is compared to experimental results for the motion of a skilled and an unskilled skateboarder in a half-pipe, validating that a skilled skateboarder follows the optimal control strategy more closely.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Laser cooling of a fermionic molecule
Authors: Dai Jinyu , Sun Qi , Riley Benjamin C. , Mitra Debayan , Zelevinsky Tanya
Published: August 2024

Only bosonic molecular species have been directly laser cooled to date, primarily due to an abundance of bosonic isotopes in nature and to their simpler hyperfine structure. Fermionic molecules provide new opportunities for ultracold chemistry, quantum simulation, and precision measurements. Here we report direct laser cooling of a fermionic molecular isotopologue, calcium monodeuteride (CaD). With a nuclear spin I=1, only 5 hyperfine states need to be addressed for rotational closure in optical cycling. These hyperfine states are unresolved for typical experimental linewidths. We present a method for efficiently producing alkaline-earth metal hydrides and deuterides. We demonstrate rotational closure and show magnetically assisted Sisyphus cooling in one dimension for a beam of CaD molecules. Our results indicate that the experimental complexity for laser cooling CaD is similar to that of calcium monohydride (CaH). Laser cooling of CaD is a promising first step for production of ultracold and trapped atomic deuterium.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
When R&D investment improves firm value: the role of board gender diversity
Authors: Kyaw Khine , Khatri Ishwar , Treepongkaruna Sirimon
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Agency theory postulates that research and development (R&D) investments are subject to managerial discretion and thus may not enhance firm value as expected. The inconclusive empirical findings in the literature is a testament of that. This paper aims to investigate the interplay between board gender diversity (i.e. women on boards) and value relevance of firms’ effort to innovate as indicated by firms’ R&D investments.

Design/methodology/approach

Through a sample of 1,626 US-listed firms from the period 2004 to 2019, the authors examine whether board gender diversity promotes or hampers value relevance of firms’ efforts to innovate. The authors use ordinary least squares as the baseline model and address potential endogeneity through instrumental variable two-stage least square, and selection bias through Heckman selection model. Finally, the authors use the financial crisis of 2008 as a natural experiment to investigate the effect of board gender diversity during the crisis period.

Findings

The results show that board gender diversity positively moderates the relation between R&D and firm value. In times of financial crisis, R&D does not destroy firm value in firms with gender diverse board. The results are robust to measurement error, endogeneity issue, particularly simultaneity and selection bias.

Practical implications

The findings in this study have several practical implications. Firms that invest heavily in R&D should be mindful of gender diversity in their board recruitment strategies to enhance innovation outputs and firm value. Current and potential investors (i.e. shareholders) should take into consideration board gender diversity in their investment decision-making processes as the results show that gender diverse boards promote more effective governance, which, in turn, leads to better alignment of R&D investments with shareholder value. Regulators aiming to improve corporate governance policies should encourage gender diversity on the boards. The results align with global initiatives such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Goal 5 on gender equality. Policymakers may use the findings in this study to advocate for more gender diverse governance structures within corporations.

Originality/value

This study investigates the role gender diverse boards play in creating value from firms’ R&D activities.
Tell me what to do first: how behavioural skills drive users’ intention to adopt online health information
Authors: Tang Zhenyi , Zhang Pengyi , Li Yujia , Hansen Preben
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To gain a deeper understanding of users’ health information adoption and to promote the effectiveness of health information spread in the context of online limited information, this paper aims to examine how the information-motivation-behavioural (IMB) skills model can be used to organize online health information by experimenting how different IMB elements (information, motivation and behavioural skills) affect users’ intention to adopt health information.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted an experiment with 48 participants who received health articles with various combinations and sequences of IMB elements, analysing the impact on information adoption intention to share and practice. The authors also examined the mediation effect of information usefulness and the moderating effect of perceived health status.

Findings

The authors found that: users’ adoption intention of information was influenced by the order of used IMB elements, not the number of elements used; users were more likely to adopt information that started with behavioural skills rather than the model-prescribed IMB sequence; and perceived usefulness mediated the relationship between IMB elements and users’ adoption intention, which means users with different levels of health status all pay more attention to information usefulness and practicability.

Originality/value

The study contributes to research on health communication by showing how the IMB model can be applied online to enhance the effectiveness of health information dissemination. It can also help online health communities arrange more effective and engaging health messages to promote users’ willingness to adopt.
Demystifying youth’s play intention of multiplayer online mobile game: an UTAUT3 model perspective
Authors: Gupta Saurabh , Mathur Nidhi , Priyanka Priyanka
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The primary objective of this study is to identify and examine the effects of the various determinants of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT3) model on multiplayer online mobile games (MPOMGs) adoption and actual play behaviour of young gamers.

Design/methodology/approach

The research used an online survey method to collect data from a sample of 685 Indian youth. The participants were selected using a convenience sampling procedure. Structural equation modelling technique was used to evaluate the sufficiency and structural relationship between the various dimensions of the UTAUT3 model in the context of MPOMG.

Findings

The findings of the study indicate that the dimensions of “Price Value” and “Facilitating Condition” did not show a significant relationship with the play intention of MPOMG among youth. However, the newly introduced dimension, “Personal Innovativeness,” was found to have a significant impact on predicting the play intention of MPOMG.

Research limitations/implications

This study was limited to young Indian gamers. Therefore, future study is needed to analyse across cultures and regions. Moreover, this study contributes to the existing scholarly literature on the implementation of a newly established technological framework, namely, UTAUT3, in the context of MPOMG research. Hence, this study offers a fresh viewpoint for comprehending the youth’s inclination towards MPOMG. Additionally, various determinants the affects the MPOMG adoption and play behaviour is highly relevant for industry managers and game developers to create MPOMG, that are more likely to attract and retain users, leading to increased levels of engagement and success.

Originality/value

UTAUT3 is a novel framework to determine the technology adoption in a different context. UTAUT3 model is still unexplored and adopted in MPOMG play intention research. Therefore, this study provides a novel perspective to understand the youth’s intention to play the MPOMG in the newly developed technology adoption model perspective.
Unveiling the impact of the congruence between artificial intelligence and explorative learning on supply chain resilience
Authors: Dai Jing , Geng Ruoqi , Xu Dong , Shangguan Wuyue , Shao Jinan
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Drawing upon socio-technical system theory, this study intends to investigate the effects of the congruence and incongruence between artificial intelligence (AI) and explorative learning on supply chain resilience as well as the moderating role of organizational inertia.

Design/methodology/approach

Using survey data collected from 170 Chinese manufacturing firms, we performed polynomial regression and response surface analyses to test our hypotheses.

Findings

We find that the congruence between AI and explorative learning enhances firms’ supply chain resilience, while the incongruence between these two factors impairs their supply chain resilience. In addition, compared with low–low congruence, high–high congruence between AI and explorative learning improves supply chain resilience to a greater extent. Moreover, organizational inertia attenuates the positive influence of the congruence between AI and explorative learning on supply chain resilience, while it aggravates the negative influence of the incongruence between these two factors on supply chain resilience.

Originality/value

Our study expands the literature on supply chain resilience by demonstrating that the congruence between a firm’s AI (i.e. technical aspect) and explorative learning (i.e. social aspect) boosts its supply chain resilience. More importantly, our study sheds new light on the role of organizational inertia in moderating the congruent effect of AI and explorative learning, thereby extending the boundary condition for socio-technical system theory in the supply chain resilience literature.
Dynamic grey relational analysis-based supplier selection in a health-care unit
Authors: Chakraborty Santonab , Raut Rakesh D. , Rofin T.M. , Chakraborty Shankar
Published: August 2024

Purpose

In the present-day highly customer-conscious service environment, supply chain management has become a critical component of health-care industry, helping in fulfilling patient expectation, optimizing inventory and automating departmental activities. Supplier selection is one of the crucial elements of health-care supplier chain, establishing mutually beneficial relationships with the reliable suppliers that provide the most value of money. Health-care supplier selection with feasible sets of alternatives and conflicting criteria can be treated as a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem. Among the MCDM methods, grey relational analysis (GRA) appears as a potent tool due to its simple computational steps and ability to deal with imprecise data. The purpose of this paper is to explore the applicability of a newly developed MCDM tool for solving a health-care supplier selection problem.

Design/methodology/approach

In GRA, the distinguishing coefficient (ξ) plays a contributive role in final ranking of the alternative suppliers and almost all the past researchers have considered its value as 0.5. In this paper, a newly developed MCDM tool, i.e. dynamic GRA (DGRA), is adopted to evaluate the relative performance of 25 leading pharmaceutical suppliers for a health-care unit based on nine important financial metrics. Instead of static value of ξ, DGRA treats it as a dynamic variable dependent on grey relational variator and ranks the health-care suppliers using their computed rank product scores.

Findings

Based on rank product scores and developed exponential curve, DGRA classifies all the suppliers into reliable, moderately reliable and unreliable clusters, helping the health-care unit in identifying the best performing suppliers for subsequent order allocation. Among the reliable suppliers, alternatives A2 and A11 occupy the top two positions having almost the same performance with respect to the considered financial metrics.

Originality/value

Application of DGRA along with determination of the most reliable suppliers would help in effectively adopting multi-sourcing strategy to increase resilience while diversifying the supply portfolio, thereby enabling the health-care unit to minimize chances of sudden disruption in the supply chain. It can act as an intelligent decision-making framework aiding in solving health-care supplier selection problems considering perceived risks and dynamic input data.
Constant or inconstant? The time-varying effect of danmaku on user engagement in online video platforms
Authors: Yuan Haixia , Lu Kevin , Ausaf Ali , Zhu Mohan
Published: August 2024

Purpose

As an emerging video comment feature, danmaku is gaining more traction and increasing user interaction, thereby altering user engagement. However, existing research seldom explores how the effectiveness of danmaku on user engagement varies over time. To address this research gap, this study proposes a comprehensive framework drawing on social presence theory and information overload theory. The framework aims to explain how the effectiveness of danmaku in increasing user engagement changes over shorter time intervals.

Design/methodology/approach

A research model was proposed and empirically tested using data collected from 1,019 movies via Bilibili.com, one of China’s most popular danmaku video platforms. A time-varying effect model (TVEM) was used to examine the proposed research model.

Findings

The study finds that the volume of danmaku and its valence exert a time-varying influence on user engagement. Notably, the study shows that danmaku volume plays a more substantial role in determining user engagement than danmaku valence.

Originality/value

This research offers theoretical insights into the dynamic impact of danmaku on user engagement. The innovative conceptualization and measurement of user engagement advance research on pseudo-synchronous communication engagement. Furthermore, this study offers practical guidelines for effectively managing danmaku comments on online video platforms.
Corporate governance impact on risk disclosure inShariah-compliant financial firms of Kuwait
Authors: Alajmi Abdullah E. , Al-Shammari Bader A.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the relationship between corporate governance characteristics and risk disclosure inShariah-compliant financial firms operating in Kuwait. It aims to provide insights into the factors influencing risk disclosure practices within these institutions.

Design/methodology/approach

The research used manual content analysis to quantify risk disclosure levels in the annual reports of 47Shariah-compliant financial companies listed in Kuwait in 2020. Subsequently, multiple regression analysis was conducted to assess the impact of various corporate governance factors on the extent of risk disclosure.

Findings

The study reveals that while KuwaitiShariah-compliant firms exhibit limited risk disclosure in their annual reports, larger boards and committees, along with a higher number of independent directors, positively influence the level of risk disclosure. Interestingly, the size of the Shariah supervisory boards did not show a significant impact on risk disclosure practices.

Practical implications

These findings hold regulatory implications for Kuwait, highlighting the need to ensure information adequacy and promote market efficiency. Additionally, they offer practical insights for managers and investors seeking to optimize fund sourcing and diversify investment portfolios within the context ofShariah-compliant financial institutions.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on the relationship between corporate governance characteristics and risk disclosure in the specific context ofShariah-compliant financial firms operating in Kuwait. Furthermore, it identifies avenues for future research to delve into the influence of additional governance factors on risk disclosure practices within this unique financial landscape.
Rooting firm responsibility in social-ecological systems through ancient Nahua thought: rethinking the logic model in the global reporting initiative
Authors: Good Jason , Husted Bryan W.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The logic models at the center of leading environmental, social and governance (ESG) reporting programs, such as the global reporting initiative, impose a dualistic relationship between organizations and social-ecological systems. Coupled with the lack of a real-world alternative, their dualistic approach results in widespread systems thinking-based reducibility errors in business responsibility. To help develop a nondualistic alternative, this study aims to present the idea of neltilistli or “rootedness,” as developed by the ancient Nahua indigenous peoples of Central Mexico. From the perspective of the Nahua, rootedness involves a holistic relationship with one’s body, community and the creative force called “teotl.”

Design/methodology/approach

The authors draw on the past to speculatively theorize an imagined future using the method of prospective theorizing to draw on a historical social context that is largely missing from current management scholarship. In doing so, the authors engage in a process of imagining a radically different future reality.

Findings

Integrating a rootedness approach into ESG reporting, particularly in terms of stakeholder relations, enriches it both spatially and temporally. This approach allows researchers and practitioners to replace dualistic thinking with a more holistic approach.

Originality/value

This paper complements the dualistic assumptions behind ESG reporting programs with a holistic approach based on the rootedness concept of ancient Nahua thought.
Recognising motivation in others: the effectiveness of using social proof to change driving behaviour
Authors: Bowden-Green Tom , Vafeas Mario
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to extend the literature on social proof by looking at the effectiveness of social proof on behaviour change for environmental benefit.

Design/methodology/approach

The research is based on real case studies currently intended to encourage behaviour change among residents of a large UK city. An initial study assesses the motivation displayed within each case study. A second study then examines whether recipients recognise their own motivation in each case study.

Findings

Results indicate that participants did not recognise their own motivation in the case studies that were expected to be most similar to them, suggesting that recipients do not recognise “social proof” according to motivation. However, a relationship is observed between recipients’ gender and the gender of the case studies.

Research limitations/implications

Demographics appear to be a better basis for social proof than motivation. This paper recommends several future avenues for further exploration, including using case studies that represent a wider range of characteristics (such as demographics). The current range of stimulus materials is limited, as these are real materials currently being used in a large UK city.

Practical implications

The results indicate that portraying motivation is not a good basis for using the social proof principle. Instead, social marketers ought to focus on representing similarity to the intended audience based on other characteristics such as gender.

Originality/value

The research contributes a new direction in this field, using Self-determination Theory to match social proof examples to recipients.
Leader generosity and employee knowledge sharing: an episodic perspective of generalized reciprocity
Authors: Yu Weina , Qin Xue , Li Min
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Despite the acknowledgment of the significant role leaders play in knowledge management, there has been limited focus on the dynamic relationship between one particular leader’s behavior and knowledge sharing of employees. This study aims to investigate the impact of leader generosity on employee knowledge sharing.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing upon the generalized reciprocity theory, we develop a process model that examines the impact of leader generosity on knowledge sharing, and empirically tests the resulting mechanism. Based on event-contingent ESM that collected 1147 episodic data points, the data are analyzed by Mplus 8.30 and R software.

Findings

The findings indicate that employee gratitude and prosocial motivation respectively play a mediating role in the relationship between leader generosity and knowledge sharing. Additionally, leader generosity has an indirect impact on knowledge sharing via employee gratitude and prosocial motivation. Furthermore, relational self positively moderates the relationship between leader generosity and employee gratitude, while also moderates the chain mediation effect between leader generosity and knowledge sharing.

Originality/value

By exploring the important influence of leaders in implementing knowledge management practices, the authors demonstrate that a specific leader behavior (i.e. leader generosity) shapes the positive emotion and reciprocal motivation of employees and its subsequent impact on knowledge sharing. This paper complements the focus on knowledge sharing in the daily behavior literature of leaders, suggesting that leader generosity matters for employee knowledge sharing.
Ranking the states most at risk of healthcare data breaches: an application of integrated multicriteria framework for prioritization in risk management
Authors: Fard Bahreini Amir
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Data breaches in the US healthcare sector have more than tripled in the last decade across all states. However, to this day, no established framework ranks all states from most to least at risk for healthcare data breaches. This gap has led to a lack of proper risk identification and understanding of cyber environments at state levels.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the security action cycle, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) cybersecurity framework, the risk-planning model, and the multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) literature, the paper offers an integrated multicriteria framework for prioritization in cybersecurity to address this lack and other prioritization issues in risk management in the field. The study used historical breach data between 2015 and 2021.

Findings

The findings showed that California, Texas, New York, Florida, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Ohio, and Georgia are the states most at risk for healthcare data breaches.

Practical implications

The findings highlight each US state faces a different level of healthcare risk. The findings are informative for patients, crucial for privacy officers in understanding the nuances of their risk environment, and important for policy-makers who must grasp the grave disconnect between existing issues and legislative practices. Furthermore, the study suggests an association between positioning state risk and such factors as population and wealth, both avenues for future research.

Originality/value

Theoretically, the paper offers an integrated framework, whose basis in established security models in both academia and industry practice enables utilizing it in various prioritization scenarios in the field of cybersecurity. It further emphasizes the importance of risk identification and brings attention to different healthcare cybersecurity environments among the different US states.
Police coercive actions and citizen complaints: a comparison of NYPD precincts
Authors: Martin Allison
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study explores the influence of police coercive actions during Stop, Question, and Frisk (SQF) encounters on citizen complaints of police misconduct in 76 precincts in New York City.

Design/methodology/approach

Using data from NYPD's SQF reports, Citizen Complaint Review Board, and demographic measures, the analysis focuses on specific coercive actions (frisk, search, summons, physical force, and arrest) and their association with citizen complaints (excessive force, abuse of authority, discourtesy, and offensive language).

Findings

Bivariate and multivariate analyses revealed frequent lower-level coercive actions, such as frisks and summons, are linked to increased citizen complaints. Surprisingly, higher levels of coercive actions involving force and arrests do not substantially impact complaints, challenging conventional assumptions.

Practical implications

The research underscores the importance of transparency, accountability, and positive police-community relations. Addressing precinct-specific characteristics influencing the relationship between coercive actions and citizen complaints is crucial for fostering a more constructive and accountable policing approach in New York City precincts.

Originality/value

This study challenges assumptions by providing a distinctive perspective on the impact of police coercive actions during SQF encounters on citizen complaints. The unexpected finding that higher levels of coercive actions, typically involving force and arrests, do not substantially impact complaints contributes to the discourse on police-community interactions, offering a nuanced understanding of the relationship between specific coercive actions and citizen complaints.
Mental time travel and the valuation of financial investments: analysing five biases that cause pricing anomalies
Authors: Blake David , Pickles John
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyse five biases in the valuation of financial investments using a mental time travel framework involving thought investments – with no objective time passing.

Design/methodology/approach

An investment’s initial value, together with any periodic funding cash-flows, are mentally projected forward (at an expected rate of return) to give the value at the investment horizon; and this projected value is mentally discounted back to the present. If there is a difference between the initial and present values, then this can imply a bias in valuation.

Findings

The study identifies (and gives examples of) five real-world valuation biases: biased funding cash-flow estimates (e.g., mega infrastructure projects); biased rate of return projections (e.g., market crises, tech stock carve-outs); biased discount rate estimates (e.g., dual-listed shares, dual-class shares, short-termism, time-risk misperception, and long-termism); time-duration misestimation or perception bias when projecting (e.g., time-contracted projections which lead to short-termism); and time-duration misestimation or perception bias when discounting (e.g., time-extended discounting which also leads to short-termism). More than one bias can be operating at the same time and we give an example of low levels of retirement savings being the result of the biased discounting of biased projections. Finally, we consider the effects of the different biases of different agents operating simultaneously.

Originality/value

The paper examines key systematic misestimation and psychological biases underlying financial investment valuation pricing anomalies.