bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of Phencyclidine in Hair
Authors: Baumgartner AM , Jones PF , Black CT
Published: August 2015

Phencyclidine (PCP) can be detected in human hair with commercially available radioimmunoassay reagents. Hair samples of all subjects admitting PCP use were positive, while thin-layer chromatographic urine analyses were positive in only one of seven cases. Presumably the drug is incorporated into the hair during periods of drug use and then retained in that particular section of the hair for its lifetime. Earlier results in this laboratory in a more detailed study of opiate retention in hair indicated not only that nanogram levels of the drug could be measured in a single strand of hair, but also that sectional analysis of the strand could indicate the time of drug use. The PCP results again suggest that the hair sample could serve as a valuable tool in the determination of drug abuse histories. The sample accessibility and stability and the long-term retention of the drugs in hair exemplify the potential advantages of the hair sample over the body fluid sample.
Fatal Methemoglobinemia Resulting from Ingestion of Isobutyl Nitrite, a “Room Odorizer” Widely Used for Recreational Purposes
Authors: Dixon DS , Reisch RF , Santinga PH
Published: August 2015

The alkyl nitrites, specifically isobutyl nitrite, have taken a prominent place among those substances enjoying widespread recreational use, primarily in discotheques and during sexual activity. Though the usual route of administration by inhalation has not resulted in any toxicologically verified deaths, the chemical may cause fatal toxic methemoglobinemia if ingested. A case with a fatal outcome is presented, and the chemistry and toxicology of the substance are discussed.
Insulin As a Lethal Weapon
Authors: Bauman WA , Yalow RS
Published: August 2015

This report describes the method employed to demonstrate that a fatal hypoglycemic episode was due to marked beef hyperinsulinemia. From the rate of disappearance of the circulating insulin, the most likely type of insulin preparation employed was determined along with the estimated time and probable route of occult insulin administration.
Rebirth of Exploding Ammunition—A Report of Six Human Fatalities
Authors: Tate LG , DiMaio VJM , Davis JH
Published: August 2015

We report six human fatalities caused by exploding handgun bullets. There appears to be no significant wounding difference between exploding and nonexploding ammunition. The history and diagnostic characteristics of exploding bullets are stressed.
The Use of Brain Digoxin Concentrations to Confirm Blood Digoxin Concentrations
Authors: Spiehler VR , Sedgwick P , Richards RG
Published: August 2015

Recent research suggests that the cardiotoxic as well as the neurotoxic effects of digitalis may be mediated by the central nervous system. Therefore brain regions implicated in the genesis of cardiac rhythm disorders were assayed for digoxin. An 125I-labeled radioimmunoassay was used to determine blood and tissue digoxin concentrations. Digoxin was found in the optic tract and optic chiasm in each of four persons who had been taking digoxin regularly. Digoxin is apparently concentrated from blood by the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle but not by the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle. However, digoxin was present in the area postrema and nucleus of the vagus only in the two digoxin overdose cases. Digoxin was not detected in any of the other brain regions analyzed. The presence of digoxin in the area postrema (the chemoreceptor trigger zone) and the nucleus of the vagus in the toxic but not in the therapeutic cases suggests a mechanism for the emesis and cardiac arrest brought about by digoxin toxicity in humans. The digoxin content of the medulla, especially the surface of the medulla under the obex, may be useful in confirmation of elevated blood digoxin concentrations.
Identification of Bullet Particles in Bone Fragments by Electron Beam X-Ray Microanalysis
Authors: Simmelink JW , Robinson EM , Staikoff LS
Published: August 2015

Small fragments of human temporal bone from skeletal remains were examined to identify radiopaque particles associated with the bone. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray energy dispersive analysis, and electron probe microanalysis were used in examining both external bone surfaces and the internal bone areas that were exposed by cutting sections through the bone fragments. Elemental analysis of the bone surface showed aluminum, silicon, chlorine, potassium, calcium, and iron. Electron probe X-ray mapping of radiopaque particles embedded in the bone identified lead as the major element and antimony as the minor element. This method is useful for elemental analysis of micrometre-sized particles found in or on calcified tissues.
Characteristics of Shored Exit Wounds
Authors: Dixon DS
Published: August 2015

Experimentally produced shored exit wounds are examined primarily with respect to the elements of wound appearance and secondarily to the effects of weapon caliber, kinetic energy of the round, type of shoring material, and shoring pressure on wound characteristics.
Ultrastructure of Human Tissues After Prolonged Interment in Metal-Lined Coffins
Authors: Torre C , Cardellini C
Published: August 2015

The ultrastructure of certain tissues is sometimes preserved after lengthy interment in metal-lined coffins. Susceptible structures of the epidermis, such as the mitochondria and nuclear envelopes, may be clearly identifiable. Electron microscopy thus permits recognition not only of individual cell types, but also of different intracytoplasmic organelles. In the same way, striped muscle fibers are well preserved, and all components of sarcomeres may be distinguished.
Evaluation of a Method Using Powder to Detect the Site of Rubber Erasures
Authors: Moore DS
Published: August 2015

Detecting the site of an erasure on a questioned document may ultimately lead to the discovery of a theft involving millions of dollars. Document examiners, particularly those who evaluate evidence in criminal matters, are frequently faced with problems involving erasures. A method of detecting the site of a mechanical abrasion made by a rubber-type eraser was tested and evaluated in comparison with the success of other methods. The method uses a chemical powder and is extremely sensitive in detecting rubber erasures even in cases where more frequently used methods had failed. Several shortcomings of the powder method were discovered during the period of evaluation and these disadvantages are discussed.
Computer-Printed Documents As Part of a Computer Crime Investigation
Authors: Winchester JM
Published: August 2015

Research related to the investigation and the prosecution of computer crime is continuing. Detailed, highly technical expertise may be required of the document examiner in the comparison, examination, and identification of computer-printed documents produced by high-speed printers. Such research in the area of the identification of computer printouts, as part of the evidence in a computer crime-related case, is continuing. It is important for the investigator, document examiner, and prosecutor to understand the basic workings of the computer, the entry of data by computer personnel, the processing of information via technological advances, and the output of data by high-speed impact or nonimpact printers and to relate such complex workings in everyday language so that the judge and jury may understand the evidence involved.
Forensic Chemical Examinations in Finland, 1979—Trends in Fatal Poisoning
Authors: Alha AR , Parviainen A-R , Tamminen VK
Published: August 2015

Forensic chemical examinations done between 1968 and 1979 in Finland were analyzed. Variations were discovered in the numbers and types of poisonings by year. These results can be attributed to several factors. Some trends in the types of substances occurring in poisoning cases are discussed.
A Review of Color Atlas of Tumor Histopathology
Authors: Bowerman DL
Published: August 2015

This is an excellent color atlas of tumor histopathology and represents a valuable addition to any general pathologist's reference library. Perhaps the utility is limited for the pure practice of forensic pathology, but many of us have a combined general and forensic pathology practice. Therefore this concise collection and description of common and rare neoplasms is useful. Even someone practicing strictly forensic pathology would encounter neoplasms unexpectedly and in cases of possible therapeutic misadventure. Forensic Pathology by G. Austin Gresham, published by Yearbook in the Color Atlas series in 1975, is, generally speaking, much more useful to the forensic pathologist. This addition to the Yearbook Color Atlas series is designed for “medical students, surgeons, radiotherapists and clinical oncologists.” The hematoxylin and eosin stained sections are of superior quality and the photomicrographs are clear with good choice of magnification to illustrate the salient features utilized in diagnosis. The use of gross photographs is limited but adequate. Only one radiograph is included, however, and this may be a deficiency when considering bone tumors. Pertinent electron micrographs and special stains are well chosen for certain distinctive neoplasms. The accompanying legends are concise and informative and include minimal appropriate clinical material. The neoplasms of carcinoid types arising from the foregut, midgut, and hindgut are especially well presented and include such rarities as the goblet cell and spindle cell variants of the appendiceal carcinoid. The list of carcinoid tumors includes those arising in the breast, bronchus, ovary, rectum, small intestine, stomach, testis, and thymus as well as the more commonly encountered appendiceal carcinoids.
A Review of Color Atlas of Pathology of the Nervous System
Authors: Cox WA
Published: August 2015

This atlas represents a compilation of illustrations and both gross and microscopic photographs of classic neuropathologic lesions and neuroanatomic structures. The authors have attempted to give the reader a brief photographic overview of the field of neuropathology. Indeed, many of the photographs are excellent, clearly demonstrating a pathologic process. The sections on congenital malformations, lipidoses, mucopolysaccharidoses, leukodystrophies, vascular lesions, normal anatomy of the spinal cord and brain, pathologic conditions affecting the cord, cerebral infarctions, infections, and intranuclear and intracytoplasmic bodies are especially well done. Occasionally, the magnification that was used was too low to clearly demonstrate the pathologic lesion, such as the microscopic photograph of the spinal cord illustrating loss of anterior horn cells.
A Review of The Art and Science of the Polygraph Technique
Authors: Scheve WJ
Published: August 2015

This book was written by a polygraphist trained in and primarily influenced by the specific polygraph concepts, doctrine, and techniques taught by Cleve Backster at the Backster School of Lie Detection. The author also places heavy emphasis on a study, “Validity and Reliability of Detection of Deception,” prepared for the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration by Drs. Raskin, Barland, and Podlesney of the Department of Psychology at the University of Utah in 1976.
How Economic, Strategic, and Domestic Factors Shape Patterns of Conflict and Cooperation in the East China Sea Dispute
Authors: O’Shea Paul
Published: August 2015

Despite frequent talk of conflict and even war, economic and strategic factors suggest that the Sino–Japanese dispute over the East China Sea will not erupt into hot conflict, at least for the time being. However, for domestic reasons, overt cooperation remains a distant prospect.
The South China Sea
Authors: Weissmann Mikael
Published: August 2015

Using a conflict transformation framework, this article demonstrates that positive transformations have taken place in the South China Sea between 1991 and 2007. Even though these transformations have been weakened in recent years, particularly regarding the actor aspect, it is concluded that a major armed conflict is still highly unlikely.
The South China Sea
Authors: Amer Ramses
Published: August 2015

The study analyzes disputes and dispute management in the South China Sea. The progress made is outlined through an overview and analysis of formally settled disputes. The unsettled disputes are identified, analyzed, and assessed. The study concludes with a broader assessment from the perspective of dispute management.
E‐cadherin can limit the transforming properties of activating β‐catenin mutations
Authors: Huels David J , Ridgway Rachel A , Radulescu Sorina , Leushacke Marc , Campbell Andrew D , Biswas Sujata , Leedham Simon , Serra Stefano , Chetty Runjan , Moreaux Guenievre , Parry Lee , Matthews James , Song Fei , Hedley Ann , Kalna Gabriela , Ceteci Fatih , Reed Karen R , Meniel Valerie S , Maguire Aoife , Doyle Brendan , Söderberg Ola , Barker Nick , Watson Alastair , Larue Lionel , Clarke Alan R , Sansom Owen J
Published: August 2015

Wnt pathway deregulation is a common characteristic of many cancers. Only colorectal cancer predominantly harbours mutations in APC, whereas other cancer types (hepatocellular carcinoma, solid pseudopapillary tumours of the pancreas) have activating mutations in β‐catenin (CTNNB1). We have compared the dynamics and the potency of β‐catenin mutations in vivo. Within the murine small intestine (SI), an activating mutation of β‐catenin took much longer to achieve Wnt deregulation and acquire a crypt‐progenitor cell (CPC) phenotype than Apc or Gsk3 loss. Within the colon, a single activating mutation of β‐catenin was unable to drive Wnt deregulation or induce the CPC phenotype. This ability of β‐catenin mutation to differentially transform the SI versus the colon correlated with higher expression of E‐cadherin and a higher number of E‐cadherin:β‐catenin complexes at the membrane. Reduction in E‐cadherin synergised with an activating mutation of β‐catenin resulting in a rapid CPC phenotype within the SI and colon. Thus, there is a threshold of β‐catenin that is required to drive transformation, and E‐cadherin can act as a buffer to sequester mutated β‐catenin.
Quality Management Systems in Small and Medium Mechanical Engineering Enterprises in Latvia
Authors: Civcisa G. , Rudnevs J. , Grislis A.
Published: August 2015

ISO 9001 quality management systems is one of globally well-known standardsdeveloped by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It is widelyimplemented in different organisations, regardless of their size class and sector ofactivity. The aim of this study is to collect and analyse information on mechanicalengineering enterprises by size classes in Latvia that have been certified in conformitywith ISO 9001 requirements. This study presents findings from the research focused on mechanical engineering. Therefore, an overview of the most popular managementsystem standard in the mechanical engineering sector has been done. A comparativeanalysis has been applied in order to determine the proportion of enterprises withquality management systems certified in accordance with the ISO 9001 standard byindustrial sector in Latvia and worldwide. The expected research outcome is a distribution of mechanical engineering enterprises by size classes (micro-, small-,medium-sized and large-scale enterprises) in Latvia certified with ISO 9001.
The Effect of Microwave Treatment on Ryegrass and Wild Radish Plants and Seeds
Authors: Graham Brodie  , Eloise Hollins
Published: August 2015

Annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) are significant weeds in Australian winter cropping systems. These species have developed significant herbicide resistance and new control strategies need to be developed. Microwave energy has been considered for weed control for some time. The research considered the effect of varying amounts of microwave energy on plants and their seeds for each species. Several experiments explored the interaction between microwave energy and seed depth in the soil. Plant responses to microwave energy were also determined for each species. Seed treatment requires higher energy applications than plant treatment and is conceptually similar to soil fumigation treatments. Soil treatment may have application in some high value horticultural crops, which already use soil fumigation. Microwave treatment of plants requires less energy, with wild radish requiring about 60 Jcm-2 to achieve 100% mortality, while ryegrass plants require about 370 Jcm-2 to achieve 100% mortality. Microwave treatment of growing plants can be compared to the application of herbicide. Therefore control of growing plants should be the focus of developing a commercially viable microwave weed control device for cropping systems.
Assessing the Impact of Microwave Treatment on Soil Microbial Populations
Authors: Graham Brodie  , Michelle Grixti  , Eloise Hollins  , Andrew Cooper  , Tianyao Li  , Mary Cole
Published: August 2015

Microwave soil treatment can kill weed plants and their seeds in the soil. It has also been demonstrated elsewhere that microwave soil treatment can kill nematodes in the soil; however few studies have considered the effect of microwave soil treatment on other key soil biota. This study explored the effect of microwave soil treatment on soil bacteria, fungi, and various protozoa. The research used a series of experiments using different techniques to verify the effect of varying degrees of microwave treatment on these soil biota. Microwave treatment reduces bacterial populations in the top layers of soil, but populations that are deeper in the soil are relatively unaffected. Bacterial populations increased significantly within a month of microwave treatment. E. coli populations experienced a 10-5 reduction in numbers in the top layer of soil by 500 J cm-2 of microwave energy; however other soil bacteria survived over 3000 J cm-2 of microwave energy applied to the soil surface, suggesting that some species are more susceptible to microwave treatment than others. No significant response of soil fungi, ciliates, amoeba and flagellates could be attributed to a microwave dose response.
Determination of Drying Characteristics of Some Vegetables
Authors: Ahmet Zeki Hepçimen  , Necla Çağlarırmak
Published: August 2015

Drying is, removing the water effect of distorting structure, from the food products with the effect of heat. Direct sun drying, greenhouse drying and supported by solar panel greenhouse combinations were done for drying vegetables. Eggplant, cauliflower, leeks, broccoli were dried. Dry matter and water activity values were measured for each of products on the systems of directly in the sun drying, drying in the greenhouse, the panel + greenhouse. Improvements of the conditions in the greenhouse and then with some modifications should be established such as optimization of the air velocity is thought to be achieved by faster drying.
Novel WDR45 Mutation and Pathognomonic BPAN Imaging in a Young Female With Mild Cognitive Delay
Authors: Long Michelle , Abdeen Nishard , Geraghty Michael T. , Hogarth Penelope , Hayflick Susan , Venkateswaran Sunita
Published: August 2015

β-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN) is a recently identified X-linked dominant form of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation caused by mutations in the WDR45 gene. BPAN commonly presents as global developmental delay in childhood with rapid onset of parkinsonism and dementia in early adulthood and associated pathognomonic changes seen on brain MRI. In this case report, we present a pediatric patient with mild cognitive delay and pathognomonic MRI changes indicative of BPAN preceding neurologic deterioration who is found to have a novel de novo mutation in the WDR45 gene.
Suicide Attempts and Childhood Maltreatment Among Street Youth: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hadland Scott E. , Wood Evan , Dong Huiru , Marshall Brandon D.L. , Kerr Thomas , Montaner Julio S. , DeBeck Kora
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND:

Although suicide is a known leading cause of death among street youth, few prospective studies have explored childhood experiences as risk factors for future suicide attempt in this population. We examined the risk of attempted suicide in relation to childhood maltreatment among street youth.

METHODS:

From September 2005 to November 2013, data were collected from the At Risk Youth Study (ARYS), a prospective cohort of street youth in Vancouver, Canada. Inclusion criteria were age 14 to 26 years, past-month illicit drug use, and street involvement. Participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, an instrument measuring self-reported sexual, physical, and emotional abuse and physical and emotional neglect. Suicide attempts were assessed semiannually. Using Cox regression, we examined the association between the 5 types of maltreatment and suicide attempts.

RESULTS:

Of 660 participants, 68.2% were male and 24.6% were Aboriginal. Median age was 21.5 years. The prevalence of moderate to extreme childhood maltreatment ranged from 16.8% (sexual abuse) to 45.2% (emotional abuse). Participants contributed 1841 person-years, with suicide attempts reported by 35 (5.3%) individuals (crude incidence density: 1.9 per 100 person-years; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4–2.6 per 100 person-years). In adjusted analyses, types of maltreatment associated with suicide attempts included physical abuse (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 4.47; 95% CI: 2.12–9.42), emotional abuse (adjusted HR: 4.92; 95% CI: 2.11–11.5), and emotional neglect (adjusted HR: 3.08; 95% CI: 1.05–9.03).

CONCLUSIONS:

Childhood maltreatment is associated with subsequent risk of suicidal behavior among street youth. Suicide prevention efforts should be targeted toward this marginalized population and delivered from a trauma-informed perspective.
Efecto de la aplicación de un vermicompost en las propiedades químicas de un suelo salino-sódico del semiárido venezolano
Authors: Mogollón Sandoval José Pastor , Martínez Alicia Elena , Torres Duilio Gilberto
Published: August 2015

En el trabajo se evaluó el efecto de un vermicompost, elaborado con lombriz roja californiana (Eisenia foetida), y sustrato de restos de alimento, broza de café, pseudotallos de plátano y estiércol equino en las propiedades de un suelo salino-sódico del Cebollal de Coro, municipio Miranda, estado Falcón, Venezuela. Para el efecto en un experimento de incubación se compararon tres dosis del producto (tratamientos, T1 = testigo, T2 = 1%, T3 = 5%, T4 = 10%) durante 28 días de incubación, con mediciones los días 7, 14, 21 y 28. Se midió el pH, la conductividad eléctrica (CE), los cationes intercambiables (Ca, Mg, Na y K), y el porcentaje de sodio intercambiable (PSI).  Todas las variables disminuyeron durante el ensayo; la CE en T4 se redujo 62% con respecto al valor promedio inicial (3.48 dS/m), el pH inicial en el suelo (8.30) se redujo a 7.5 en el mismo tratamiento, igualmente el PSI se redujo 50%. La adición de este producto orgánico demostró ser una buena estrategia para la recuperación integral de suelos salino-sódicos en la región de estudio.
Checklist of phytobenthos from Boipeba Island, Bahia, Brazil, emphasizing the morphological features of Nitophyllum punctatum (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales)
Authors: Moura Carlos Wallace do Nascimento , Alves Aigara Miranda , Santos Alana Araújo dos , Almeida Wellington Romualdo de Almeida , Moniz Brito Kátia Lidiane , Oliveira Ingryd Santana de , Freitas Nelma Dos Santos , Oliveira Ivania Batista de , Ramos Geraldo José Peixoto
Published: August 2015

We report here the results of a survey of the phytobenthos of Boipeba Island, Bahia state, Brazil. Samples were collected during three periods (July 2007 and March and December 2012) in the intertidal regions of offshore reefs near the beaches at Ponta dos Castelhanos, Bainema, Moreré, and Tassimirim. A total of 159 taxa were identified: Rhodophyta (83), Chlorophyta (52), Heterokontophyta/Phaeophyceae (21), Cyanobacteria (02), and Magnoliophyta (01). The most representative orders were Ceramiales (Rhodo­phyta), Bryopsid­ales (Chlorophyta), and Dictyo­tales (Heterokontophyta/Phaeophyceae) with 30, 23 and 15 taxa respectively; vouchers were deposited in the herbarium of the Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (HUEFS). This work adds 150 new taxa to those already known for Boipeba Island, including Nitophyllum punctatum (Stackh. in With.) Grev., whose occurrence is now confirmed for the coast of Bahia. The number of species identified in this study was elevated in comparison with previous phytobenthos studies undertaken on Brazilian islands.
Update on the lobster species from Rocas Atoll Marine Reserve, Brazil
Authors: Gaeta Juliana De Carvalho , Silva Maurizélia De Brito , De Godoy Thaís , Izquierdo Raúl Cruz
Published: August 2015

This study is an update of list of lobster species from Rocas Atoll Marine Reserve, Brazil. The data were obtained trough visual censuses and photographic registers during expeditions since 1997 until 2014. It represents the first record of Enoplometopus antillensis Lütken, 1865, Palinurellus gundlachi Von Martens, 1878, and Panulirus laevicauda (Latreille, 1817) and reinforces the occurrence of Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804), Panulirus echinatus Smith, 1869, and Parribacus antarticus (Lund, 1793) from Rocas Atoll. The presence of different lobster species shows us the importance of Rocas Atoll Reserve in relation to number of species and abundance of lobsters.
Effervescent Atheism
Authors: Hubble Cale
Published: August 2015

The Global Atheist Convention (GAC) held in Melbourne, Australia on 13-15 April 2012 gave participants an opportunity to instantiate their atheist identities in the context of embodied, shared activity. The existence of “experiential atheism” – the embodied, collective, physical realization of the ideological position – has been proposed but not widely studied. This article uses the interaction ritual model of Randall Collins to understand the Global Atheist Convention as an example of experiential atheism. Being surrounded by a crowd of like identifying bodies, sharing a mood, behaviours and a focus of attention with them and having a boundary to outsiders created the conditions for collective effervescence at the convention. This ratified attendees’ shared representations of the atheist collective and emotively affirmed their affiliation with those representations.
The Prognostic Impact of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Early Cervical Cancer in Asia
Authors: Kuo Hung-Yang , Lin Zhong-Zhe , Kuo Raymond , Shau Wen-Yi , Lai Chiu-Lin , Yang Yen-Yun , Shao Yu-Yun , Hsu Chiun , Cheng Wen-Fan , Cheng Ann-Lii , Yang James Chih-Hsin , Lai Mei-Shu
Published: August 2015

Background.

Many studies have shown that type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk for several types of cancer but not cervical cancer (CC). Although DM and insulin-like growth factor 1 have preclinical and clinical implications for CC, less is known about the prognostic impact of DM on patients with early stage CC.

Patients and Methods.

We used the nationwide Taiwan Cancer Registry database to collect the characteristics of stage I–IIA cervical cancer patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2008. DM and other comorbidities were retrieved from the National Health Insurance database. Cervical cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) times of patients according to DM status were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. We used a Cox proportional hazards model to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for the effects of DM and other risk factors on mortality.

Results.

A total of 2,946 patients had primary stage I–IIA CC and received curative treatments, and 284 (9.6%) had DM. The 5-year CSS and OS rates for patients with DM were significantly lower than those without DM (CSS: 85.4% vs. 91.5%; OS: 73.9% vs. 87.9%). After adjusting for clinicopathologic variables and comorbidities, DM remained an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for CSS (adjusted HR: 1.46) and OS (adjusted HR: 1.55).

Conclusion.

In Asian patients with early cervical cancer, DM is an independent unfavorable prognostic factor influencing both OS and CSS, even after curative treatments.

Implications for Practice:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the incidence of several types of cancer but not cervical cancer (CC); however, less is known about the impact of DM on patients who already have CC. This study suggests that DM may increase the risk of cancer recurrence and death for early stage CC patients, even after curative treatments. Incorporating DM control should be considered part of the continuum of care for early stage CC patients, and close surveillance during routine follow-up in this population is recommended.
Continuous Trastuzumab Therapy in Breast Cancer Patients With Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Yu Anthony F. , Yadav Nandini U. , Eaton Anne A. , Lung Betty Y. , Thaler Howard T. , Liu Jennifer E. , Hudis Clifford A. , Dang Chau T. , Steingart Richard M.
Published: August 2015

Background.

Adjuvant trastuzumab is a highly effective targeted treatment that improves survival for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. However, trastuzumab interruption is recommended for patients who develop treatment-induced cardiotoxicity (i.e., decline in left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF], with or without symptoms) and can lead to an incomplete course of treatment. We studied the cardiac safety of continuous trastuzumab therapy among patients with asymptomatic declines in LVEF.

Methods.

We retrospectively evaluated patients with HER2-positive breast cancer treated with adjuvant trastuzumab at our institution between 2005 and 2010. Treatment-induced cardiotoxicity was defined by an absolute decrease in LVEF of ≥10% to below 55% or an absolute decrease of ≥16%. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between candidate risk factors and treatment-induced cardiotoxicity.

Results.

Among 573 patients, 92 (16%) developed treatment-induced cardiotoxicity. Trastuzumab was continued without interruption in 31 of 92 patients with treatment-induced cardiotoxicity—all were asymptomatic with LVEF of ≥50% at cardiotoxicity diagnosis with median LVEF of 53% (range, 50%–63%), and none developed heart failure during follow-up. Risk factors associated with treatment-induced cardiotoxicity included age (p = .011), anthracycline chemotherapy (p = .002), and lower pretrastuzumab LVEF (p < .001).

Conclusion.

Among patients who develop asymptomatic treatment-induced cardiotoxicity with LVEF of ≥50%, continuous trastuzumab therapy appears to be safe.

Implications for Practice:

Cardiotoxicity is the most common reason for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer to receive an incomplete course of life-saving trastuzumab therapy. Data from this study suggest that continuous trastuzumab may be safe in patients with asymptomatic cardiotoxicity and left ventricular ejection fraction of ≥50%. Given the substantial oncologic benefit of trastuzumab, increasing efforts are needed to ensure that patients complete the full course of treatment without interruption. Current recommendations for trastuzumab interruption in patients who develop cardiotoxicity should be re-evaluated.
Algorithms in the First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma—Analysis Using Diagnostic Nodes
Authors: Rothermundt Christian , Bailey Alexandra , Cerbone Linda , Eisen Tim , Escudier Bernard , Gillessen Silke , Grünwald Viktor , Larkin James , McDermott David , Oldenburg Jan , Porta Camillo , Rini Brian , Schmidinger Manuela , Sternberg Cora , Putora Paul M.
Published: August 2015

Background.

With the advent of targeted therapies, many treatment options in the first-line setting of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC) have emerged. Guidelines and randomized trial reports usually do not elucidate the decision criteria for the different treatment options. In order to extract the decision criteria for the optimal therapy for patients, we performed an analysis of treatment algorithms from experts in the field.

Materials and Methods.

Treatment algorithms for the treatment of mccRCC from experts of 11 institutions were obtained, and decision trees were deduced. Treatment options were identified and a list of unified decision criteria determined. The final decision trees were analyzed with a methodology based on diagnostic nodes, which allows for an automated cross-comparison of decision trees. The most common treatment recommendations were determined, and areas of discordance were identified.

Results.

The analysis revealed heterogeneity in most clinical scenarios. The recommendations selected for first-line treatment of mccRCC included sunitinib, pazopanib, temsirolimus, interferon-α combined with bevacizumab, high-dose interleukin-2, sorafenib, axitinib, everolimus, and best supportive care. The criteria relevant for treatment decisions were performance status, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center risk group, only or mainly lung metastases, cardiac insufficiency, hepatic insufficiency, age, and “zugzwang” (composite of multiple, related criteria).

Conclusion.

In the present study, we used diagnostic nodes to compare treatment algorithms in the first-line treatment of mccRCC. The results illustrate the heterogeneity of the decision criteria and treatment strategies for mccRCC and how available data are interpreted and implemented differently among experts.

Implications for Practice:

The data provided in the present report should not be considered to serve as treatment recommendations for the management of treatment-naïve patients with multiple metastases from metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma outside a clinical trial; however, the data highlight the different treatment options and the criteria used to select them. The diversity in decision making and how results from phase III trials can be interpreted and implemented differently in daily practice are demonstrated.
Ways of Psychosocial Development During Adolescence (12–20 years)
Authors: Shamne A.V.
Published: August 2015

We analyze the results of empirical operationalization of options (types) of psychosocial development in adolescent age. We studied a large sample of adolescents and young adults of 12-20 years (N = 1130, 48% male) from different strata of the urban and rural (17%) Ukrainian population (students of secondary, vocational, technical and higher education). We used the author’s method “Psychosocial Questionnaire”. Data were analyzed with K-means cluster analysis. We identified and analyzed five clusters (“internal”, “dominant”, “integrated”, “addict”, “aloof”), which represent individually typical features of modern youth psychosocial transition to a state of maturity. Clusters (types) were also analyzed with the following criteria: 1) productive / prosperous and non¬productive / dysfunctional types of psycho-social development; 2) psychosocial integration / adaptation and disintegration / maladaptation in the social world. We revealed the tasks and conditions of effective psychological support of the youth (correction zone) with different types of psycho-social development.
Features of Social Dilemmas Solving in Older Adolescents with Different Levels of Intellectual Abilities
Authors: Belova S.S. , Smirnova O.M.
Published: August 2015

We discuss one of the aspects of social competence formation in older teens relevant in the light of the requirements of the second generation of Federal Educational Standards. The general hypothesis: Features of reasoning and decision-making in senior teenagers in social dilemmas are related to the level of their intellectual abilities and have sex specificity. The subject of the study was the relationship of intellectual abilities of students in grades 9-10 (N = 115, 65% were girls, 35% were boys) and their activity and critical reasoning, categorical position in solving social dilemmas. We revealed that verbal intelligence in older adolescents is positively related to criticality argument. Verbal intelligence relationship with the activity of reasoning and categorical position on social dilemmas was gender-specific. Girls with higher verbal intelligence have higher activity and low categorical reasoning; boys have higher categorical position. We conclude that verbal intellectual abilities are the cognitive basis of the processes of social cognition in older teens.
Features of Psychological Well-being Structure in Secondary School Students and Students from Different Areas of Vocational Training
Authors: Buchatskaya M.V. , Kapranova M.V.
Published: August 2015

We raise the problem of generating a differential approach to the construction of psychological programs facilitating students depending on the direction of their training. We reveal that a significant criterion for professional competence of the future professional is his psychological well-being, which structure allows to estimate the potential psychological and pedagogical assistance. The results of empirical studies of the structure of psychological well-being (with the use of C.D. Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being) based on the diagnostic sample of 300 people: students of universities and colleges, students enrolled in the areas of training “State and municipal management” and “Psychology”. The results reveal the structural features of the psychological well-being as subjective integral index in each group of students and allow them to be regarded as a differential criterion of optimization of educational resources.
Procrastination and Aggression for Mental Disorders in Young People
Authors: Zvereva M.V. , Enikolopov S.N. , Oleichik I.
Published: August 2015

The article presents analyze the phenomenon of procrastination and indirect manifestations of aggression in young people in normal health and mental disorders. Procrastination - a frequent phenomenon among young people, for this category the term “academic procrastination”; the high level of the various manifestations of aggression can also accompany adolescents in health and disease. The purpose of research is analysis of the relationship of procrastination and manifestations of aggression in health and mental disorders in adolescence. A complex of methods of psychological diagnosis, which included: questionnaire “Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students” (PASS, Solomon & Rothblum, 1984) Rosenzweig Frustration Test, Wagners Hand Test. We studied two samples of subjects 18-25 years: a control group of healthy young people (boys and girls) - 61 people, the experimental group - young people of both sexes who had mental disorders (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, affective disorders
– bipolar disorder, personality disorder) – 57. The results indicate the presence of the specific nature of components procrastination and indirect aggression manifestations of different levels at a young age for mental pathology.
Psychological and Pedagogical Features of Teaching Students with Visual Deprivation in Training to Work on a Personal Computer
Authors: Sokolov V.V.
Published: August 2015

This article discusses how children with profound sight impairment percieve visual information from a computer screen using synthesized speech and the tactile display system Braille. Describes research of characteristics of user skills development in children with visual deprivation. Illustrated are the main differences in the perception of information from the screen of the user's computer using a visual interface, and users forced to use special software to non-visual access. Provide the most significant results of research and a number of methodical recommendations on educating children of this category in work on the personal computer without visual control. The article may be interest to teachers of informatics, teaching students with profound visual impairment, for parents with children in this category, as well as for scientists, whose professional interests are in the area of pedagogy of the blind.
OPTIMIZATION OF COMPLEX TECHNOLOGY FOR GREASE WASTES UTILIZATION
Authors: Aikaitė-Stanaitienė J. , Matikevičienė V. , Levišauskas D , Grigiškis S , Baškys E
Published: August 2015

Lipids constitute one of the major types of organic matter found in municipal wastewater. Many manufacturing, food processing and industrial facilities dispose of liquid waste into sewer lines. Liquid waste often contains fats, oils and grease and other organic contaminants which, over time, lead to clogs in pipes. The treatment of this problem is to clean pipes with caustic drain cleaners, mechanically rout the pipes or to replace the pipes completely. The second problem was the utilization of solid waste. JSC “Biocentras” suggest a very effective and innovative complex technology. Firstly, lipids from wastewater and from drain pipes surfaces are removing mechanically. Remained lipids and solid wastes were treated with a composition of active microorganisms. The novel composition is nonpoisonous, no corrosive, no caustic and ecologically advantageous. The invented technology ensures maximum results at the lowest cost in the shortest period of time.
BIOLOGICAL SURFACE ACTIVE COMPOUNDS APPLICATION POSSIBILITIES AND SELECTION OF STRAIN WITH EMULSIFYING ACTIVITY
Authors: Celiešiūtė Raimonda , Grigiškis Saulius , Čipinytė Vilma
Published: August 2015

The biological oil- polluted soil treatment method is used widely; however it is not effective enough because the microorganism‟s metabolism is affected by seasonal temperature fluctuation. Besides, soil remediation processes are very slow because of low solubility of oil and oil products in water. Biological surface active compounds show promising results in oil-polluted soil bioremediation. Three hydrocarbons degrading microorganisms strains, showing high emulsification activity were selected.
BENIKO AND BIALOBREZSKIE – INDUSTRIAL HEMP VARIETIES IN LITHUANIA
Authors: Jankauskienė Zofija , Gruzdevienė Elvyra
Published: August 2015

The biometrical indices of two hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) varieties of Polish origin – Beniko and Bialobrezskie – sown at different rates (40; 55 and 70 kg ha-1) have been investigated at the Upytė Research Station of LIA in 2006. The data from 2006 led to draw conclusion that plants of industrial hemp varieties of Beniko and Bialobrzeskie could be successfully grown in Lithuania. Hemp produced enough high amount of green (up till 42.95 t ha-1) and dry (up till 15.27 t ha-1) biomass. Plants of Beniko were more productive than plants of Bialobrzeskie. The tendencies of higher green and dry biomass were noticed in the plots of lower density. Seed rate had significant influence on crop density. Seed rate (crop density) had significant effect on crop weediness.
THE BUCKWHEAT ROLE IN CROP ROTATION AND WEED CONTROL IN THIS SOWINGS IN LONG TERM TRIAL
Authors: Lejiņš Andris , Lejiņa Biruta
Published: August 2015

Buckwheat research has been carried out within the long-term crop rotation stationary that was established in 1969 as a part of the Research institute of Agriculture. Buckwheat proportion within the partcular crop rotations went up to 22%. The highest buckwheat yields were obtained from the buckwheat variants that where cultivated after winter rye, and within the buckwheat monoculture experimental plots. A considerable yield decrease was observed when cultivating buckwheat after potatoes. Weeds in the buckwheat sowing were effectively brought under control by the herbicide Butisane 400 (1.5 l ha-1), applied immediately after sowing and Betanal AM 2.5 l ha-1 after seedling in 2-3 leaves stage.
EFFICIENCY ASPECTS OF HYDROCARBONS WASTE UTILIZATION
Authors: Linužs Andris
Published: August 2015

One of the fundamental difficulties of Latvia’s economical development is related to state’s dependency from the import of fuel energy resources and weak use of the local resources: the main fuel of the local boiler houses using fuel oil imported from CIS countries; local wood and peat used in heat production constitutes no more than 25%. In the same time it is needed to take in account the new regulations of EU against fuel oil having concentration more than 1% sulphur. These issues make country to search for new fuel materials and approaches to raise effectiveness of local energy resources.
DEGRADATION OF KERATIN CONTAINING WASTES BY BACTERIA WITH KERATINOLYTIC ACTIVITY
Authors: Matikevičienė Veslava , Masiliūnienė Danutė , Grigiškis Saulius
Published: August 2015

The aim of this study was to select keratin-degrading bacteria from JSC “Biocentras” collection and poultry processing plant wastewater, and to study their ability to degrade chicken feathers. Isolated from poultry processing plant wastewater bacteria was grown in basal media with feathers meal and showed high keratinolytic activity and protein content throughout the cultivation time. Bacterial strains B. licheniformis 511, B. subtilis I1, B. subtilis 717, and B. subtilis 103 suggested strongly of bacteria that produces keratinolytic activity in the cell free culture supernatants. The obtained results showed that maximum activity of keratinase is a function of cultivation time by the bacteria tested. B. subtilis 103 reached to its maximum level of keratinase production (152 U/mL) after 24 hrs, when over bacteria (148-242 U/mL) after 48 hrs. The good ability of selected bacteria to degrade feathers was detected. The best biodegradation of feathers was obtained using B. subtilis I-1. Over bacillus good degraded feathers as well.
IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE COEFFICIENTS FOR THE COMPACTION OF ENERGY CHIPS LOADS
Authors: Miklašēvičs Ziedonis
Published: August 2015

In Latvia the transportation of energy chips loads is carried out almost entirely by trucks. Due to the lack of hard empirical data on the compaction of energy chips loads transported by road, the currently used methodologies for the assessment of the volume of energy chips loads produce only rough estimates. In order to address this problem and fill the gap, this research paper offers: - the methodology for the determination of the coefficients for the compaction of energy chips loads depending on their transportation distance by trucks; - the values of the coefficients for the compaction of energy chips loads for different transportation distances and different kinds of trucks; - the identification and analysis of the factors that influenced the values of energy chips loads compaction coefficients.
THE SITUATION ON SOLVING ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE LATGALE ENTERPRISES
Authors: Noviks Gotfrīds , Lemešenoka Natālija , Augule Sintija
Published: August 2015

„Business is the only mechanism on the planet today powerful enough to produce the changes necessary to reverse global environmental and social degradation” (Paul Hawken). This idea characterizes the substance of the paper exactly. The paper presents results of 24 different enterprises survey in the Latvia eastern region Latgale on their present-day situation in the field of environment protection, awareness of their responsibility and their planned innovation activities in the implementation pollution prevention technologies.
POSSIBILITIES OF WINTER CROP GRAIN’S QUALITATIVE INDICES RISE FOR BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION
Authors: Poiša Liena , Stramkale Veneranda , Adamovičs Aleksandrs
Published: August 2015

Bioethanol production is one of cereal’s using ways. COM 2003/30/EC: Directive on the promotion of the use of biofuels or other renewable fuels for transport orders that proportion of biofuels in 2010 must be -5.75% but in 2020 – 10%. The object of research is to study the influence of winter crops cultivation’s technology on quality of grain and suitability for bioethanol production. Field research was organized in the Agricultural Science Centre of Latgale from 2005 to 2008. There were researched 5 fertilizer rates and the influence of varieties on the grain yield and starch in the experiment for 3 years. Starch content, yield and the result of bioethanol have changed depended on species of cereals, varieties, growing year and fertilizer rate. It is recommended to use good quality grains with high starch content and low protein content for bioethanol production.