bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behavior and oral health correlation in elderly patients with diabetes: Moderation effects of different blood glucose control ways
Authors: Hou Weiming , Dong Jing , Zhou Yunru , Dong Li , Zhong Kaiying , Lang Yimei , Bian Meirong , Wang Huili , Sun Longfeng
Published: September 2023

Objectives: This research measures the Chinese version of Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-Ⅱ (HPLP-Ⅱ) designed for elderly adults, explaining the correlation and moderation effects of different blood glucose control ways between GOHAI and HPLP-Ⅱ of elderly patients with diabetes in hospitals.
Methods: A total of 244 cases of elderly diabetes patients were conveniently selected from department of endocrinology and geriatric endocrinology, the first affiliated Hospital of China Medical University. The questionnaire survey was assessed by the evaluation of GOHAI and HPLP-Ⅱ. Using sociodemographic and disease related factors as explanatory variables in separately univariate and multivariate regression analyzes. Finally, exploring the moderating effects of health behaviors affecting oral health under different glycemic control modalities.
Results: Most elderly patients with diabetes were treated with pharmacological interventions, followed by lifestyle control. GOHAI was positively correlated with HPLP-Ⅱ. The adoption of lifestyle had a better effect on behavioral and oral health, showing a positive effect, in contrast to medical treatment. The use of both medical treatment and lifestyle as moderators negatively interfered with the effect of health behavior on total oral health and its mental health. And using medical treatment modality as a moderator positively promoted the effect of health behavior, support and stress on total oral health, but positively interfered with the effect of actualization on overall oral health.
Conclusions: Health behavior influences oral health in elderly people with diabetes. Applying appropriate lifestyle to control blood glucose can help regulate behavioral health to promote oral health.
Estimating genetic architecture and integrating functional annotations improve polygenic risk scores derived from GWAS summary statistics
Authors: Zhao Hongyu , Jiang Wei , Girgenti Matthew
Published: September 2023

Constructing accurate polygenic risk scores (PRS) can benefit the prevention and early treatment of complex diseases. This can be accomplished by leveraging different information characterizing the effects of genetic variants on the diseases, and incorporating functional annotations.

In this article, we propose a Genome-Wide Empirical Bayes (GWEB) method to first estimate the genetic architecture with the consideration of linkage disequilibrium (LD) among the genetic variants, and utilize the estimates to improve PRS derived from GWAS summary statistics. Our method further incorporates functional annotations to improve prediction accuracy. No parameters need to be tuned with other individual-level GWAS data. Extensive simulations showed that GWEB outperformed existing methods in different genetic architecture scenarios. Real data applications on six quantitative traits and six binary diseases demonstrated that, without functional annotations, GWEB can achieve 0.1-24% (average: 7%) relative improvement in terms of predictive r2 over the best performance of seven existing methods. Moreover, compared to the existing method using annotation information, GWEB can achieve 3-58% (average: 12%) relative improvement after integrating 120 functional annotations. The prediction model can be built within 1.2h and 40G memory after parallelized on 22 Intel Xeon cores.
Direct and Indirect Costs of Obesity Attributable to Consumption of Sweetened Beverages in Brazil.
Authors: Silva Bruna , Neta Adélia , Rodrigues Rômulo , Araujo Jevuks , Moreira Patrícia , Ferreira Flávia Emília , Vianna Rodrigo , Neto José , Carli Eduardo , Lima Rafaela
Published: September 2023

The literature is still scarce of studies that aim to attribute a specific nutrient or food to the cause of diseases and that also evaluate the impact of this on the economy, mainly in middle and low-income countries. The objective of this study is to estimate the direct and indirect costs of obesity, stratified by sex and age group, resulting from the excessive consumption of sweetened beverages in Brazil from 2008 to 2020, and to project these costs for the year 2036. Estimation of obesity costs attributable to excessive consumption of sweetened beverages was based on relative risks and population prevalence of obesity, considering expenditures on hospitalizations and outpatient procedures in the Unified Health System (SUS). Cost information was obtained from the health information systems available at SUS. The highest burden attributable to the consumption of sweetened beverages was observed among younger individuals and progressively decreased with advancing age. The total direct costs in the period between 2008 and 2020 were in the order of US$ 436.93 million, 81.5% of which related to expenses for females. Additionally, deaths resulting from consumption of sweetened beverages cost the economy $31.24 billion from premature loss of productivity. The total costs of obesity attributable to the consumption of sweetened beverages are high, impacting public spending and generating social and productivity losses that burden the economy. It is essential to create and implement cost-effective fiscal and regulatory policies aimed at preventing and fighting obesity.
Particulate matter (pm10) monitoring in the United Arab Emirates using a satellite remote sensing based model
Authors: Suwaidi Aisha Al , Ali Tarig , Atabay Serter , Singer Mohamed , Elaksher Ahmed
Published: September 2023

Particulate matter (PM) is one of the major factors causing air pollution, which is considered a concern for human health. Hence, measuring and monitoring the concentrations of these particles is essential. In this study, the main objective is to develop a remote sensing based PM10 monitoring model for the United Arab Emirates (UAE) using Landsat 8 imagery. Landsat 8 images acquired during the four-year period from 2016–2020 were obtained and used along with PM10 data collected at 16 ground monitoring stations corresponding to the acquisition of the satellite data. The Landsat 8 data was obtained from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Core Science Systems in the form of Digital Numbers (DNs). The DNs of the four optical bands of Landsat 8 were then converted to top of the atmosphere reflectance (TOA) through radiometric processing, and then used to estimate the Aerosol Optical Thickness. A spectral PM10 model was then developed through regression analysis, correlating AOT to PM10 values obtained at the ground stations. The model provided an R-squared value of 62% and a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 17.67 µg/m3. The results suggest that the developed model is robust in estimating PM10 values and can therefore be used for satellite-based monitoring at any location in the UAE.
Assessing the safety and feasibility of a new cutaneous ureterostomy suture approch (flap embedding approch ) after radical cystectomy :protocol for an open label, single-center, phase I clinical trial
Authors: Yu Xufeng , Chen Qing , Ying Yidie , Wang Maoyu , Wang Ziwei , Zhang Chen , Wang Yi , He Wei , Wang Yue , Yang Xuncheng , Xie Jiaxin , Xu Chuanliang , Hua Meimian , Zeng Shuxiong
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Choosing the appropriate urinary diversion method has always been a challenging decision for patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC). Emerging data suggests that cutaneous ureterostomy (CU) has advantages over ileal conduit (IC) and orthotopic neobladder (ONB) in terms of reduced operation time, blood loss, and perioperative complications. However, traditional CU is associated with a high incidence of stoma stenosis (>50% or more). To address this issue, we have developed a new suture approach called CU-flap embedding approach. In this trial, we aim to investigate the incidence rate of ureteral stoma stenosis and other related complications associated with flap embedding approach. The goal is to determine whether the flap embedding approach is a safe and feasible suture technique.
Methods and analysis：This study is a phase I, open-label study to investigate the safety and feasibility of the new suture approch of CU-flap embedding approch. Patients with indications for RC will be recruited. All enrolled patients will be sutured CU by flap embedding approch after RC. The primary objective is the incidence of ureteral stoma stenosis, the secondary objective is the incidence of other postoperative related complications of the approch. The postoperative complications will be assessed by Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications.
Ethics and dissemination：This protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Shanghai Changhai Hospital (ref. CHEC2023-107). The study will be performed in compliance with applicable local legislation and in accordance with the ethical principles developed by the World Medical Association in the Declaration of Helsinki 2013. Study results will be disseminated through conferences and peer-reviewed scientific journals.
Trial registration number：ChiCTR2300073003
Biodegradability of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) microplastics by floc-forming bacteria, Bacillus cereus strain SHBF2 isolated from a commercial aquafarm
Authors: Hossain Shahadat , Shukri Zuhayra Nasrin Ahmad , Waiho Khor , Ibrahim Yusof Shuaib , Kamaruzzan Amyra Suryatie , Rahim Ahmad Ideris Abdul , Draman Ahmad Shuhaimi , Wahab Wahidah , Khatoon Helena , Kasan Nor Azman
Published: September 2023

The ubiquitous proximity of the commonly used microplastic (MP) particles particularly polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) poses a serious threat to the environment, and human health globally. Biological treatment as an environment-friendly approach to MPs pollution has recent interest when the bio-agent has beneficial functions in their ecosystem. This study aimed to utilize beneficial floc-forming bacteria B. cereus SHBF2 isolated from an aquaculture farm in reducing the MPs particles (PE, PP, and PS) from their environment. The bacteria were inoculated for 60 days in a media containing MPs particles as a sole carbon source. On different days of incubation (DOI), the bacterial growth analysis was monitored and the MPs particles were harvested to examine their weight loss, surface changes, and alterations in chemical properties. After 60 DOI, the highest weight loss was recorded for PE, 6.87 ± 0.92%, which was further evaluated to daily reduction rate (k), 0.00118 gday− 1, and half-life (t1/2), 605.08 ± 138.52 days. The OD value (1.38 ± 0.18 Abs.) indicated the higher efficiency of bacteria for PE utilization, whereas the colony-forming unit showed the bacteria was growing at a higher rate while utilizing PP (1.04 × 1011 CFU/mL). Biofilm formation, erosions, cracks, and fragments were evident when the surface changes were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which resulted in the formation of carbonyl and alcohol group due to the oxidation and hydrolysis were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) analysis. The results confirmed and indicated a higher degree of biodegradation in all of the selected MPs types. Thus, this study revealed that the floc-forming bacteria, B. cereus SHBF2 has a high potential to be used as an effective MPs degrading bacteria.
Evaluation of Peritoneal Dialysis Health Literacy in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Lin Chun-Jung , Liou Yu-Ling , Lin Kuan-Yu
Published: September 2023

Background: Health literacy refers to the ability of individuals to obtain, use, and understand health information and services for maintaining good health. If the health literacy to peritoneal dialysis (PD) is lacking or not updated in time, it can easily contribute to correlation complications. The study evaluates peritoneal dialysis health literacy in peritoneal dialysis patients.
Methods: 110 PD patients from Taichung Area Hospital participated in this study. The patients were instructed to complete a peritoneal dialysis health literacy questionnaire, modified by referring to Nutbeam’s health literacy questionnaire. The health literacy items included functional literacy, communicative literacy, interactive literacy, critical literacy, basic health knowledge, advanced health knowledge, and patient safety.
Results: PD health literacy is not significantly related to demographic characteristics, and the experience of PD infection is not significantly associated with PD health literacy. However, There was a significant positive correlation between each aspect of health literacy and the total health literacy score, indicating that the higher the scores of each part of health literacy. Health literacy is also higher.
Conclusions: This study on PD health literacy can be used as a reference for the health education of patients undergoing PD. By understanding the factors affecting PD health literacy, caregivers can adapt PD learning methods to any patient with a preferred learning style and level of education, enhance the patients’ self-esteem and cooperation ability, and ultimately reduce the risk of PD correlation complications.
Optimization analysis on the transmission characteristics of multipurpose power transmission device
Authors: Zhu Zhen , Zhang Qinbo , Chen Long , Tian Xiang , Cai Yingfeng
Published: September 2023

A multipurpose power transmission device integrating the hydrostatic, hydro-mechanical and mechanical transmission is designed. This paper mainly discusses the transmission characteristic optimization problem of multipurpose power transmission device from the respective of speed regulation characteristic, shift strategy, and efficiency improvement. In accordance with the design requirements, the kinematic and kinetic analysis for the drive system is performed, the assembly schemes and relevant parameters of power transmission device should be analyzed, and the speed regulation characteristic curve can be obtained. According to the evaluation indexes of shift quality, the shift strategy of power transmission device involving clutches and brakes during the whole speed regulation process, and the best switch time of each component can be found. The hydrostatic system efficiency expression can be derivatized from the efficiency model of pump- control-motor system, and the efficiency of multipurpose power transmission device can be obtained by efficiency definition method; the fitting curves of hydrostatic system efficiency are determined by experimental data, and the efficiency of hydro-mechanical composite power transmission system can be got by conversion mechanism method. The results show that the shift quality of power transmission device can be improved greatly by controlling the switch sequence of clutches and brakes reasonably.
Whole-genome sequencing uncovers the genomic determinants of therapeutic resistance to immune checkpoint blockade
Authors: Litchfield Kevin , Simpson Benjamin , Cha Hongui , Castro Andrea , Bentham Robert , Ryan Lucy , Dietzen Michelle , Thol Kerstin , Kinnersley Ben , Martin Alice , Chubb Daniel , Cornish Alex , Coulton Alex , Thakkar Krupa , Bailey Chris , Jennings Charlotte , Kaye Danny , Bansal Daljeet , Humphries Matthew , Wright Alexander , Colquhoun Catherine , Stankeviciute Gaby , Helliwell Jacob , Arumugam Prabhu , Treanor Darren , McGranahan Nicholas , Larkin James , Turajlic Samra , Swanton Charles , Greenig Juliane , Hiley Crispin , Consortium GEL Genomics England Research
Published: September 2023

Checkpoint inhibitors (CPI), ameliorate the anti-tumour response by blocking inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors, and have revolutionised the treatment of advanced cancers. However, the prediction of treatment response is suboptimal, and there remains a strong reliance on tumour mutation burden (TMB). Studies to date are limited to whole exome sequencing (WES), with no data yet reported on the utility of whole genome sequencing (WGS) in a pan-cancer cohort. Here we report a pan-cancer cohort of 318 tumour/normal genomes from the Genomics England 100,000 Genomes Project cohort treated with CPIs. Pan-cancer biomarkers previously reported from WES such as clonal TMB, total neoantigen burden and TMB had continued utility in predicting treatment response. Clonal TMB remained the strongest univariate predictor of positive treatment outcome, followed by infiltrating T cell fraction, and tobacco/UV mutational signatures. using whole genome assay, we additionally detected novel signatures associated with poor outcomes, including markers reflecting chemotherapy-induced mutations. Patients treated with chemotherapy prior to CPI displayed reduced survival irrespective of tumour type and had more subclonal mutations. Structural variants (SVs) were also predictive of poor therapeutic response and were enriched with non-coding intronic breakpoints, generating significantly fewer neoantigens than expected by chance. Global genomic features such as telomere length were associated with poor survival following CPI treatment, particularly in renal and bladder cancers. Together, these validated and novel biomarkers showed collective utility when combined to predict CPI outcomes. Our results highlight the value of WGS in detecting biomarkers of treatment resistance and highlight the promise of WGS for use in clinical practice.
The medical-nursing combined cooperation mechanism of residents-hospital-pension in stitutions-based on tripartite evolutionary game research
Authors: LIU Ya-qing , NIU Hao-ran , Wu huan , Zhang Ting-bao , Jiang feng , CAO Jian-bo , ZHANG Mei-cheng
Published: September 2023

The combination of medical care and nursing enables the elderly to obtain continuous health care and medical services, which can help alleviate the phenomenon of medical resource crowding and make the elderly have a sense of security. This study uses game theory to explore how to consider various institutions for their own interests under the government's mandatory medical and nursing cooperation. We establish the expected income functions of medical institutions, pension institutions and residents respectively, and determine the optimal solution. In addition, we also analyzed the impact of the proportion of medical insurance reimbursement, the benefit distribution mechanism and the change of service value on the decision stability point. The results show that with the reduction of additional utility brought to no-buyers, residents will gradually choose to purchase integrated medical and nursing services. In addition, different benefit distribution mechanisms will have a significant impact on the cooperation intention of institutions. Change the proportion of medical insurance reimbursement, that is, the reduction of expenses is not highly attractive to residents. Finally, based on the research conclusions, some management suggestions are put forward for the cooperation between medical institutions and pension institutions.
Influence of Machining Parameters on Dynamic Errors in a Hexapod Machining Cell
Authors: Xing Kanglin , Bonev Ilian A. , Liu Zhaoheng , Champliaud Henri
Published: September 2023

Dynamic errors from the robotic machining process can negatively impact the accuracy of manufactured parts. Currently, effectively reducing dynamic errors in robotic machining remains a challenge due to the incomplete understanding of the relations hip between machining parameters and dynamic errors, especially for hexapod machining cell. To address this topic, a dynamic error measurement strategy combining a telescoping ballbar, an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) was utilized in robotic machining. The machining parameters, including spindle speed, cutting depth, and feeding speed, were defined using the Taguchi method. Simultaneously, vibrations during machining were also systematically measured to fully comprehend the nature of dynamic errors. Experimental results indicate that dynamic errors in a hexapod machining cell (HMC) are significantly amplified in machining setups, ranging from 4 to 20 times greater compared to non-machining setups. These errors are particularly influenced by machining parameters, especially for spindle speed. Furthermore, the extracted dynamic errors exhibit comparable frequency distributions, such as spindle frequency and tool passing frequency, to the vibration signals obtained at the chosen sampling rate. This expands the application and enhances the comprehension of dynamic errors for spindle and cutting tool condition recognition.
Chemical and molecular profiling of dissolved organic matter within varied compost: a comprehensive spectroscopic study
Authors: Fan Xingjun , Cheng Ao , Zhou Mengyu , Li Ting , Yu Xufang , Chen Dan , Li Xiaolong , Ji Wenchao
Published: September 2023

Limited information is available regarding the chemical and molecular compositions and structures of dissolved organic matter (DOM) originating from diverse matured composts. In this study, the compost DOM extracted from composts of chicken manure co-composted with wheat straw (WS), rice husk (RH), and Chinese herbal residue (HR) underwent comprehensive characterization using UV-vis absorption, excitation-emission matrix fluorescence coupled with regional integration analysis (EEM-FRI), high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results, as evidenced by the SUVA254, E2/E3, and SR values, consistently revealed a decreasing trend in aromatization and polymerization degree in the order of WS > RH > HR DOM. EEM-FRI analysis indicated that both WS and RH DOM composed of more humic-like substances (Region III+V, 45.4-51.1%) than HR DOM (37.9%), while the latter one enriched more protein-like substances (Region I+II, 48.3%). This implied that WS and RH DOM exhibited a more pronounced humification degree, which is supported by observation reflected by the humification Index (HIX) values. HPSEC revealed broad molecular weight (MW) distributions encompassing a range of 0.1 to 300 kDa across the three compost DOM. As comparison, the Mw and Mn followed the order of WS> RH > HR DOM, signifying a progressive reduction in MW amongst the distinct compost DOM. FTIR spectra suggested that three compost DOM predominantly composed of intricate mixtures of aromatic and aliphatic species, along with O-containing functional groups (e.g., hydroxyl, carboxyl, and carbonyl). Notably, WS and HR DOM exhibited an elevated presence of aromatic and aliphatic groups, whereas RH DOM presented an increased abundance of polar O-containing structures. In summary, this study has pointed out that diverse compost DOM manifest distinct chemical and molecular characteristics. These findings offer a foundational framework for assessing compost maturity and for the judicious application of varied matured compost types as organic fertilizers into soil systems.
Strengthening health visitors’ breastfeeding support – results from a cluster randomised study
Authors: Rossau Henriette Knold , Nilsson Ingrid Maria Susanne , Gadeberg Anne Kristine , Forman Julie Lyng , Strandberg-Larsen Katrine , Nielsen Jannie , Villadsen Sarah Fredsted
Published: September 2023

Background and Intervention
: Health professionals are key in supporting breastfeeding women but studies report gaps in health professionals’ breastfeeding support competencies. In an intervention study, we aimed to strengthen the breastfeeding support of families to improve breastfeeding rates. Health visitors received an interactive training programme to enhance their breastfeeding support self-efficacy, action competence and knowledge, including e-learning and a two-day course of lectures, role plays, and discussions.
Objectives
To assess the effect of the training programme on three constructs of health visitors’ breastfeeding support: self-efficacy, action competence and knowledge. Furthermore, we aimed to confirm the factor structure of these three constructs.
Design and Methods
: Pre- and post-test study in a cluster randomised trial with Danish municipal health visiting programmes as cluster units, randomised by stratifying for region and annual births per cluster. Health visitors from 21 clusters (11 intervention, 10 control) participated. The self-efficacy, action competence and knowledge were assessed in self-reported questionnaires before and after training (n = 368; intervention n = 176, control n = 196). To analyse the effects, the intention-to-treat principle and linear mixed models were applied. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to confirm the factor structures of the hypothesised self-efficacy, action competence and knowledge constructs.
Results
158 health visitors in the control arm and 157 in the intervention arm completed the baseline questionnaire and were analysed in intention-to-treat analyses. 125 and 116, respectively, completed the follow-up questionnaire and were analysed in sensitivity analyses. Health visitors in both trial arms had high levels of self-efficacy and action competence at baseline. Mean treatment effect of the training programme was 2.4 points (CI95% 1.6–3.3) for self-efficacy, 1.4 points (CI95% 0.7-2.0) for action competence, and 0.5 points (CI95% 0.1–0.8) for knowledge. The factor structure of the items used to measure self-efficacy, action competence and knowledge were confirmed.
Conclusions
The training programme improved the self-reported breastfeeding support self-efficacy, action competence and knowledge of health visitors. The factor structures of the instruments used to measure effects were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis.
Trial registration
: Clinical Trials: NCT05311631. Date of first recruitment of health visitors: Dec 01, 2021.
Experimental research on the matrix cracks and delamination distribution and their monitoring methods during drilling UD-CFRP
Authors: Liu Wentao , Qin Xuda , Li Shipeng , Wang Xingran
Published: September 2023

Although carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) has been widely used in various applications, it is still regarded as a kind of difficult to cut material due to its vulnerability to machining damages. In the current research, CFRP drilling experiments was conducted and found that the matrix cracks and delamination were observed not only at the entrance and exit of holes, but also in the middle area of the holes. Therefore, it is necessary to study the distribution of these defects due to the severe effect on the mechanical properties of CFRP. In this paper, the distribution of these defects as well as their monitoring methods were investigated. First, four factors were introduced to locate the distribution of these defects that were observed by X-ray CT scanner. Then, Statistical Process Control (SPC) was applied for damage detection with features optimized sensitivity analysis. Finally, the performance of SPC was validated, which has a high damage identifying accuracy of 86.78% and recommended for the on-line application.
Bedellia somnulentella (Lepidoptera: Bedelliidae): record of a new host and predator in Atlantic Forest biome in Minas Gerais state, Brazil
Authors: Pinheiro Rodrigo Almeida , Cabral Maria Jéssica dos Santos , Giordani Samuel Cunha Oliveira , de Souza Marcos Magalhaes , Zanuncio José Cola , Santos José Barbosa dos , Soares Marcus Alvarenga
Published: September 2023

Bedellia somnulentella Zeller, 1847 (Lepidoptera: Bedelliidae), microlepidoptera leafminer of plants of the Convolvulaceae family, has Ipomoea batatas as its main commercial host. The distribution of this insect is cosmopolitan, with importance in different regions of the world. The aim was to report the occurrence of B. somnulentella in a new biome and host plant and a predator of this pest in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. This damaged Distimake dissectus var. edentatus (Convolvulaceae) plants in the Atlantic Forest biome in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Agelaia vicina Saussure, 1854 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) fed on B. somnulentella caterpillars and pupae. The record of this insect on D. dissectus var. edentatus expands the number of its hosts in a new biome. The record of the predator A. vicina increases the number of enemies and reinforces the importance of Vespidae to reducing populations of the leaf miner B. somnulentella in the field.
DeepRetNet: Retinal Disease Classification using Attention UNet++ based Segmentation and Optimized Deep Learning Technique
Authors: W Nancy , R Prianka R , R Porselvi , T Arun Raghesh J
Published: September 2023

Human eyesight depends significantly on retinal tissue. The loss of eyesight may result from infections of the retinal tissue that are treated slowly or not at all. Furthermore, when a large dataset is involved, the diagnosis is susceptible to inaccuracies. Hence, a fully automated approach based on deep learning for diagnosing retinal illness is proposed in order to minimise human intervention while maintaining high precision in classification. The proposed Attention UNet++ based Deep Retinal Network (Attn_UNet++ based DeepRetNet) is designed for classifying the retinal disease along with the segmentation criteria. In this, the Attn_UNet++ is employed for segmentation, wherein the UNet++ with dense connection is hybridized with Attention module for enhancing the segmentation accuracy. Then, the disease classification is performed using the DeepRetNet, wherein the loss function optimization is employed using the Improved Gazelle optimization (ImGaO) algorithm. Here, the adaptive weighting strategy is added with the conventional Gazelle algorithm for enhancing the global search with fast convergence rate. The performance analysis of proposed Attn_UNet++ based DeepRetNet based on Accuracy, Specificity, Precision, Recall, F1-Measure, and MSE accomplished the values of 97.20%, 98.36%, 95.90%, 95.50%, 96.53%, and 2.80% respectively.
Increasing moisture limitation predominates recent decline trend in ecosystem respiration
Authors: Zhou Xuhui , Li Nan , Du Zhenggang , Shao Junjiong , Gao Yukun , Zhou Lingyan , Zhou Guiyao , Ji Yuhuang , Wen Xuefa , Reich Peter B
Published: September 2023

Due to the temperature sensitivity of many plant and microbial processes, climate warming generally stimulates terrestrial ecosystem respiration (ER), the largest land-to-air CO2flux annually. However, climate change is also steadily enhancing drought risk in most regions on the Earth, and given sensitivity of plant and microbial metabolism to soil moisture, this consequently makes uncertain the degree to which and dynamics of how, where, and whether climate change will stimulate ER at the global scale. Here, we provide a data-driven estimate of global ER product from 1989 to 2018 using a modified CO2flux partitioning model based on eddy covariance, a Random Forest model, meteorological and remote-sensing observations. Our results showed that global ER increased at a rate of 0.110 ± 0.097 Pg C yr− 2in 1989–1998 but then decreased at a rate of -0.090 ± 0.018 Pg C yr− 2in 1998–2018. This declining trend in the global terrestrial ER was primarily driven by increasing moisture limitation, especially in a majority of tropical and temperate regions. However, current global land models do not adequately capture this apparent decreased trend in ER over the past two decades, likely because they overestimate impacts of rising temperature on global ER while underestimating the associated soil moisture effect. Our findings pose new scientific challenges and opportunities for model benchmarking, hypothesis generation and testing, and ecological forecasting.
A TPMS-Based Hybrid Fin Design for Effective Heat Transfer Enhancement
Authors: Wang Zhaoguang , Shen Jiale , Zhang Qiang
Published: September 2023

Heat transfer enhancement technology, as an important means of improving energy efficiency, is gaining increasing research interest. Conventional fin designs for heat transfer enhancement have hit a bottleneck, necessitating the exploration of revolutionary design concepts. The present study examines the Schwartz-D TPMS structure as a new fin design in liquid cooling and elucidates the mechanism of longitudinal flow mixing induced by the intertwined interior space. The fluid-only analysis indicates that the cooling performance improvement by the Schwartz-D structure is superior when the heat transfer process is determined by flow convection, but attenuates to a comparable level with traditional fin structures as solid conduction becomes predominant. Based on these understandings, the current work proposes a novel hybrid design that integrates pin fins at regular intervals between periodic Schwartz-D structures. The fluid-solid conjugate analysis, which is validated by experimental measurements, demonstrates that the hybrid design maintains the best cooling performance for the entire range of fin material thermal conductivity.
Autonomous localized path planning algorithm for UAVs based on TD3 strategy
Authors: Zhao Feiyu , Li Dayan , Wang Zhengxu , Mao Jianlin , Wang Niya
Published: September 2023

Aiming at the current local path planning methods for UAVs, the problem of weak portability due to the large influence of different controllers on its planning effect and the weak autonomous decision-making ability of UAV path planning, an autonomous local path planning algorithm for UAVs based on the TD3 policy update is proposed. On the basis of not changing the UAV's native controller, the decision-making model is designed to help the UAV realize local path planning work in unfamiliar environments based on environmental information. The model filters and extracts the UAV sensor, camera image information, and lidar information, inputs them into the reinforcement learning agent, outputs high-level command actions to the robot cooperative operating system, and transmits the movement commands from the operating system to the UAV, realizes the local path planning task of the UAV, and carries out the test experiments based on the training results. The test results show that the autonomous local path planning algorithm for UAVs based on deep reinforcement learning can effectively realize the autonomous local path planning task of UAVs, and the success rate reaches 93% under the interference of no obstacles, and 92% in the environment with obstacles. The success rate and portability of UAV implementation of path planning are improved.
Zero-length photo-crosslinking by organoiridium catalyst for intracellular interactome mapping
Authors: Kwon Tae-Hyuk , Nam Jung Seung , Kang Myeong-Gyun , Yoo Chang-Mo , Lee Chae Gyu , Seo Jeong Kon , Rhee Hyun-Woo
Published: September 2023

Direct zero-length photo-crosslinking by a single photocatalyst has great value in exploring protein–protein interactions for understanding important biological events. However, its application in living cells has been challenging. Herein, we rationally designed an organoiridium catalyst with enhanced photo-crosslinking efficiency based on its triplet excited state lifetime and devised a proteomic method with HaloTag and the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-GFP binding protein (GBP) system involving photo-crosslinking by organoiridium catalyst for intracellular interactome mapping (POINT). POINT achieved spatiotemporal resolution of three subnuclear proteins (PTBP1, POU2F1, and PSMA2), including an undruggable target in the nucleus, detected interactors of PTBP1 that were not detected by TurboID-based enzymatic labelling, and revealed unknown potential interactors of POU2F1 and PSMA2. POINT can have expanded applicability in detecting various disease-relevant target proteins, thus accelerating novel protein interaction network identification.
Synthesis of Y-Doped LiNi1/3Co1/3-xMn1/3YxO2 spheres with improved Lithium storage
Authors: Li Lin , Zhang Jiahao , Zheng Hao , Wang Shiquan , Liu Hongying , Yang Shui-Jin
Published: September 2023

The layered nickel-cobalt-manganese LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 was investigated as commercializable and high reversible capacity cathode material by more and more investigators in recent years. In this paper, the LiNi1/3Co1/3−xMn1/3YxO2 (x = 0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.10) samples were successfully obtained by a ball-milling combined with calcination method. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by different analytical methods. The effect of amount of Y ions doping on the lithium storage performance of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 was also studied systematically. The Y3+ ions replace the part of Co ions, reducing cation mixing, increasing the diffusion coefficient of Li+ ions in the lattice. It causes the unit cell volume to become larger, and the structure of the material becomes more stable in the intercalation and de-intercalation process of Li+ ions. These results show that LiNi1/3Co1/3−0.05Mn1/3Y0.05O2 (Y-0.05 LNCM) sample behaves best electrochemical properties with the specific capacity of 174.8 mAh g–1 at 0.5 C after 100 cycles.
Study on the Risk Assessment of Alternaria alternata saprophytic on Disease Spots of Apple Bitter Pit
Authors: Zhang Wei , Chen ping , Wang Hongtao , Zhang ZIran , Zhang Zhihan , Yao Jie , Zhang Bao hua , Liu Baoyou
Published: September 2023

Background
Understand the types, distribution and content of Alternaria toxins in apple lesions and epitaxial tissues caused by rotting of Alternaria alternata; Methods: Fungi were isolated from apple rot disease spots by tissue isolation. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was established to investigate the production and distribution of four Alternaria toxins including alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), tentoxin (TEN) and altenuene (ALT) in lesion and healthy tissues of apples inoculated with A. alternata from 3 regions; Results: The contents of AME and AOH which could be detected in lesion and healthy tissues reduced with increasing lesion diameter. The concentration of AME in lesion and in 10 and 20 mm zones apart from lesion ranged of 0.018–0.418 mg kg− 1, 0.006–0.032 mg kg− 1 and 0.004–0.006 mg kg− 1, respectively. The concentration of AOH in lesion ranged of 0.020–0.568 mg kg− 1; Conclusions: Alternaria toxins produced in infected apple could spread from the lesion to healthy parts, and the ability to produce toxins from different regions was different. Therefore, we should pay attention to this problem in fresh food processing and risk assessment to ensure consumer safety.
Climate change can disproportionately reduce habitats of stream fishes with restricted ranges
Authors: Bizama Gustavo , Jan Arif , Olivos Andrés , Fuentes-Jaque Guillermo , Valdovinos Claudio , Urrutia Roberto , Arismendi Ivan
Published: September 2023

Freshwater fishes are among the most threatened taxa worldwide due to changes in land use, species introductions, and climate change. Although more than half of the freshwater fishes in the Chilean Mediterranean ecoregion are considered vulnerable or endangered, still little is known about their biogeography. Fishes of the family Perciliidae are endemic of this region and ideal cases to study potential implications of global warming given their endangered conservation status, small size, restricted range, and limited dispersal capacity in fragmented habitats. Here, we model the spatial distribution of habitats for Percilia irwini and P. gillissi under current (1970-2000) and future (2050-2080) climatic scenarios (SSP245, SSP585). We implement maximum entropy (MaxEnt) models adapted for stream networks using high-resolution datasets of selected geophysical and climatic variables. At present, both species inhabit relatively low-quality habitats. In the future (SSP585), suitable habitats for P. irwini are predicted to be reduced drastically (99%) with potential local extirpations in its northern range. Similarly, up to 62% of suitable habitats for P. gillissi would also be reduced in the future. Our study provides insights about assessing future threats and vulnerability of endemic, endangered, range-restricted, and small-bodied freshwater species in this region and elsewhere.
Experimental study on the microscopic swelling-shrinking mechanisms of clay-sand mixtures from wetting to drying
Authors: Tong Kai-wen , Pereira Jean-Michel , Huang Kang , Dai Zhang-jun , Yu Fei , Chen Shan-xiong , Guo Jian-hua
Published: September 2023

Micro-computed tomography and low-field nuclear magnetic technologies were employed to investigate the evolution of the water occurrence and particle behaviors of the montmorillonite-kaolinite-quartz sand mixtures along a wetting-drying cycle. During the wetting-drying process, the total saturation was linearly related to the sample height. The cutoff values between the adsorbed water, capillary water and bulk water were roughly determined as 2.5 ms and 50 ms, respectively. In the wetting stage, the swelling under lower water content was dominated by adsorbed water, but it mainly depended on the linear increase in capillary water under higher water content. In the drying stage, the water distribution along the height was divided into apparent dry region, capillary flow region and saturated region. With continuous drying, the first region gradually expanded and the second reduced. Compared with nondeformable porous media, the range of them was smaller. If further dried to 5% water content, there will be only adsorbed water. The capillary water content was found to be linear with the sample height during drying. Consequently, the inconsistency of swelling-shrinkage deformations was mainly attributed to the hysteresis of capillary water. This work will provide basic experimental data and guidance for the subsequent simulations and theoretical model.
FBDD: Feature-Based Drift Detector for batch processing data
Authors: Porwik Piotr , Wrobel Krzysztof , Orczyk Tomasz , Doroz Rafal
Published: September 2023

The concept and data drift problems have received much attention in recent years. This aspect is crucial in many domains exhibiting non-stationary and cyclical patterns affecting their generative processes. Drift detection can be treated as a supervised task, with labeled data constantly used to validate the learned model. From a practical point of view, this is an impractical task because labeling is complex, costly, and time-consuming. On the other hand, unsupervised change detection techniques are cumbersome in applications because they generate many false alarms. The paper presents a new concept drift detection method based on feature analysis. Stream of data carries information about the distribution patterns that reflect different concepts that may be hidden in the data. The essential features are searched and ranked by LASSO. The rank of features and statistics are employed to feature drift detection. The proposed approach was experimentally checked based on synthetic and natural datasets. The results show that the proposed FBDD algorithm has an advantage over other solutions.
Control Strategies and Performance Analysis of Doubly Fed Induction Generator for Wind Energy Conversion System
Authors: Vardhan Aanchal Singh S. , Sinha U. K.
Published: September 2023

Wind power produces environmentally sustainable electricity and helps to meet national energy demand as the amounts of non-renewable resources are declining. The development of the WECS can be seen with development in power electronics technology. Currently, two types of major generator used in WECS these are DFIG and the PMSG. Both variable oprational speed are used in wind turbine. Because, its high performance, reliability, controllability and high power and voltage capabilities, multilevel converters have become a popular option for multi-MW WECSs. This paper focuses on the application of back to back modular multilevel converters in a DFIG and PMSG based WECS. A comparative performance analysis of the two systems based on power quality, active, reactive power, and MMC dynamics is presented. The comparison is based on simulation results created in MATLAB/Simulink software.
Synthesis, crystal structure and fluorimetric study of 2-phenylphthalazin-1(2H)-one: a highly selective florescent chemosensor for detection of Fe 3+ and Fe 2+ metal ions
Authors: Sharif Shahzad , Shahbaz Muhammad , Şahin Onur , Khurshid Muhammad Aqib , Anbar Maryam Musaffa , Dar Birra
Published: September 2023

A chemosensor, 2-phenylphthalazin-1(2H)-one (K), was synthesized by refluxing 2-formylbenzoic acid with phenyl hydrazine in presence of ethanol. FTIR, elemental analysis and single crystal XRD techniques were used to elucidate the structure. Fluorimetric turn-off response was recorded when solution of chemosensor (K) in DMF was treated with aqueous solution of Fe3+ and Fe2+ metal ions. No specific changes were observed on addition of other metal ions (Pb2+, Cd2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Ba2+, Ni2+, Al3+, Ag1+, Co2+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, Cr3+). Limit of Detection (LOD) was calculated for Fe2 and Fe3+as 2.4 µM and 2.5µM respectively, which is quite below to the recommended value 5.4 µM of the Environment Protection Agency of USA. Association constants for Fe3+ and Fe2+ metal ions were determined as 6 x 10− 4 M− 1 and 3.6 x 10− 4 M− 1 respectively. Benesi-Hildebrand plot confirmed 1:1 binding ratio between metal ions and chemosensor.
Response patterns of root sprouting and the clonal dispersal ability of Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis in relation to stubble height and its nutrient accumulation and allocation strategy
Authors: Li Zhongmu , Ji Shengli , Nie Kaihong , Tian Dengjuan , Liu Shenghong , Lu Sai , Yao Zengyu , Li Genqian
Published: September 2023

Research into the relationship between coppice regeneration and stubble height has been mostly limited to stump sprouting, but root sprouts and clonal dispersal play a more important role in the restoration of declined populations and the maintenance of population stability. We aimed to investigate the response of root sprouting (number and growth) and the clonal dispersal (root extension and branching) capacity to stubble height, unveil its nutrient accumulation and allocation strategies and determine the appropriate stubble height that is most favorable for root sprouting, clonal dispersal, and nutrient accumulation. In a 15-year-old plantation of Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis with signs of premature aging, the plants were coppiced at 0, 10, and 20 cm from the ground level, with no coppicing as the control. The results showed the following: (1) Coppicing promoted the formation and growth of root sprouts, and root extension and branching, but promotion increased and then decreased with increasing stubble height, and the optimal stubble height was 10 cm. (2) N, P, K, Ca, and Mg content and reserves all increased and then decreased with the increase in stubble height, and the clonal nutrient content, reserves, and integrated nutrient accumulation capacity were greatest at 10 cm of stubble height. (3) The coppicing increased the accumulation and allocation ratio of nutrients in leaves, vertical roots, and horizontal roots, which played a dominant role in the integrated accumulation of clonal nutrients. (4) Root sprouting and clonal dispersal ability were positively correlated with clonal nutrient content, reserves, and integrated nutrient accumulation ability. Moreover, root-sprouting ability was positively correlated with clonal dispersal ability. From these, the coppicing regulated leaf development and clonal dispersal by affecting nutrient accumulation and allocation patterns, which in turn governed the formation and growth of root sprouts. This is a continuous driving process. According to the regression equations, a stubble height of 11–13 cm was estimated to be the most favorable for root sprouting, clonal dispersal, and nutrient accumulation.