bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship between physical activity levels and serum vitamin D levels varies among children and adolescents in different age groups
Authors: Ouyang Shengrong , Li Qin , Liu Zhuo , Yin Yan
Published: August 2024

Objective

The objective of the present study was to explore the relationship between physical activity (PA) levels and serum vitamin D levels in children and adolescents of different ages and sexes.

Methods

All the data in this study were collected during two cycles (2011–2014) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Our study participants were aged ≥3 and < 20 years and had valid data for all variables, including vitamin D intake, serum vitamin D levels, PA volume and intensity levels, amount of time spent outdoors, body mass index (BMI), sex, and race.

Results

A total of 3,312 participants were included in the study; 1,672 were boys (50.4%), and 1,640 were girls (49.6%). A total of 250 (7.5%) children were aged 3–5 years, 1,474 (44.5%) were aged 6–11 years, and 1,588 (47.9%) were aged 12–19 years. Both PA volume and intensity were positively related to serum vitamin D levels in the 6–11-year-old boys and girls (p < 0.05 for both) and in the 12–19-year-old boys. No significant relationship between PA volume or intensity and serum vitamin D levels was detected in the 3–5-year-old group or in the 12–19-year-old girl group. The time spent outdoors and the BMI of the participants had mediating effects on the relationships of PA volume and intensity with serum vitamin D levels in boys and girls aged 6–11 years.

Conclusion

The relationship between PA and vitamin D varies among children and adolescents of different sexes and ages, and the sun exposure level and BMI had mediating effects on the relationship between PA and the serum vitamin D level. The mechanism of the relationship between PA and increased serum vitamin D levels needs further in-depth research.
Association of dietary niacin intake with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality of adult patients with chronic kidney disease in the United States: results from NHANES 1999–2018
Authors: Zhang Chao , Cheng Qi , Yang Xinjun , Zhao Wei , Luo Kaifa , Qin Yunlong
Published: August 2024

Objective

The relationship between dietary niacin intake (DNI) and mortality rates among patients afflicted with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a subject of debate. Utilizing data derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), this study adopts a retrospective cohort design with an aim to investigate the association in the American adult patients with CKD.

Methods

A cohort study was conducted in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2009 and 2018 that enrolled 6,191 CKD patients aged 20 years and above. We collected data on mortality through 31 December 2018. DNI was measured using a 24-h recall method. The relationship between DNI levels and mortality from all causes and cardiovascular causes was analyzed using weighted Cox proportional hazards models. The Kaplan–Meier (K-M) survival curve was plotted to illustrate these associations.

Results

Following a median monitoring period of 85 months, it was observed that 2,419 individuals (33.08%) succumbed to all causes, whereas cardiovascular-related deaths were recorded for 746 participants (10.45%). When controlling for confounders, an inverse relationship was established between DNI and mortality rates. Specifically, a marginal increase of 1 mg/day in DNI corresponded to a reduced Hazard Ratios (HRs) of 0.993 (0.987, 0.999; p = 0.027) for all-cause mortality and 0.980 (0.969, 0.991; p < 0.001) for cardiovascular mortality. A further stratified analysis by quartiles of DNI, with the lowest quartile serving as the reference, revealed that the highest quartile was associated with HRs of 0.820 (0.697, 0.966) for all-cause mortality and 0.663 (0.465, 0.944) for cardiovascular mortality, both displaying a significant trend (p < 0.001). However, a subdivision of CKD patients by age showed that the protective effects of higher DNI were only confined to individuals aged 60 years and above but not to those under 60 years of age.

Conclusion

A negative correlation between DNI and mortality due to all causes and cardiovascular issues among CKD patients aged 60 and above was revealed based on the datasets; however, this association was not observed in younger individuals under 60. Consequently, enhancing DNI might serve as a beneficial therapeutic strategy specifically for the older CKD demographic.
Liver fibrosis among infants with t(1;22)(p13;q13) acute megakaryoblastic leukemia: a case report and literature review
Authors: Arad-Cohen Nira , Attias Ori , Zohar Yaniv , Messinger Yoav H.
Published: August 2024

This case report describes a 2-month-old girl with acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) harboring the t(1;22)(p13;q13) translocation, resulting in the RBM15::MRTFA fusion gene. She presented with massive hepatosplenomegaly and liver fibrosis and achieved complete remission with chemotherapy; the liver fibrosis resolved within 2.5 months. After 12 years of follow-up, the patient remained in good health, without relapse. Reviewing the literature on eight additional similar cases of liver fibrosis, this subtype of AMKL predominantly affects female patients below 3 months of age, with a median onset at 6 weeks. High rates of severe complications were observed, with five of nine patients dying within 10 weeks of diagnosis. The authors hypothesized that the proliferation of abnormal megakaryoblasts within the liver leads to the release of profibrotic cytokines, such as TGF-β1, which induces liver fibrosis similar to that observed in transient abnormal myelopoiesis in Down syndrome. Careful monitoring of liver functions and reduced-intensity chemotherapy are recommended for this very young patient population. Nonetheless, long-term survival can be achieved with aggressive supportive care and treatment.
Focal adhesion kinase as a new player in the biology of onco-hematological diseases: the starting evidence
Authors: Capasso Guido , Mouawad Nayla , Castronuovo Maria , Ruggeri Edoardo , Visentin Andrea , Trentin Livio , Frezzato Federica
Published: August 2024

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase mainly found in the focal adhesion regions of the plasma membrane and it has a crucial role in migration and the remodeling of cellular morphology. FAK is also linked to several aspects of cancer biology, from cytokine production to angiogenesis, drug resistance, invasion, and metastasis, as well as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. The gene locus of FAK is frequently amplified in several human tumors, thus causing FAK overexpression in several cancers. Furthermore, FAK can influence extracellular matrix production and exosome secretion through cancer-associated fibroblasts, thus it has an important role in tumor microenvironment regulation. Although the role of FAK in solid tumors is well known, its importance in onco-hematological diseases remains poorly explored. This review collects studies related to FAK significance in onco-hematological diseases and their microenvironments. Overall, the importance of FAK in blood tumors is increasingly evident, but further research is required to confirm it as a new therapeutic target in hematological contexts.
Sini san regulates intestinal flora and short-chain fatty acids to ameliorate hepatocyte apoptosis and relieve CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice
Authors: Wu Qiong , Zhu Fangsi , Yao Yu , Chen Luyun , Ding Yijie , Su Yong , Ge Chaoliang
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Si-Ni-San (SNS), a traditional Chinese medicine, is effective in treating liver fibrosis with an unclear mechanism. Although disturbance of intestinal flora and the subsequent secretion of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) is suggested to be involved in the progression of liver fibrosis, whether SNS produces the anti-fibrosis effect through the regulation of intestinal flora and SCFAs remains unclear.

Methods

In the current study, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated mice were dosed with SNS to examine the anti-fibrotic effects and the involved mechanism. Biochemical parameters, histological staining, and analyses of fibrotic gene expression were used to evaluate the anti-fibrotic effect of SNS, while intestinal flora and SCFA content were determined by 16S rRNA and LC–MS to evaluate the mechanism.

Results

In vivo results showed that SNS improved liver function, reduced hepatocyte apoptosis and FFAR2/3 expression, and restored intestinal dysbiosis and reduced PA, BA, and IsA levels. In vitro experiments showed that PA, BA, and IsA exacerbated TNF-α-induced HepG2 apoptosis. Notably, the protective effects of SNS were compromised in pseudo-sterile mice.

Discussion

In conclusion, our experimental results suggest that the disturbance in intestinal flora results in elevated SCFA levels, which further exacerbates hepatocyte apoptosis in liver fibrosis, while SNS suppresses CCl4-induced liver fibrosis at least partially by reinstating intestinal flora homeostasis and reducing SCFA levels.
The impact of high-altitude migration on cardiac structure and function: a 1-year prospective study
Authors: Deng Ming-Dan , Zhang Xin-Jie , Feng Qin , Wang Rui , He Fen , Yang Feng-Wu , Liu Xian-Mei , Sun Fei-Fei , Tao Jie , Li Shuang , Chen Zhong
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The trend of human migration to terrestrial high altitudes (HA) has been increasing over the years. However, no published prospective studies exist with follow-up periods exceeding 1 month to investigate the cardiac change. This prospective study aimed to investigate the changes in cardiac structure and function in healthy young male lowlanders following long-term migration to HA.

Methods

A total of 122 Chinese healthy young males were divided into 2 groups: those migrating to altitudes between 3600 m and 4000 m (low HA group, n = 65) and those migrating to altitudes between 4000 m and 4700 m (high HA group, n = 57). Traditional echocardiographic parameters were measured at sea level, 1 month and 1 year after migration to HA.

Results

All 4 cardiac chamber dimensions, areas, and volumes decreased after both 1 month and 1 year of HA exposure. This reduction was more pronounced in the high HA group than in the low HA group. Bi-ventricular diastolic function decreased after 1 month of HA exposure, while systolic function decreased after 1 year. Notably, these functional changes were not significantly influenced by altitude differences. Dilation of the pulmonary artery and a progressive increase in pulmonary artery systolic pressure were observed with both increasing exposure time and altitude. Additionally, a decreased diameter of the inferior vena cava and reduced bicuspid and tricuspid blood flow velocity indicated reduced blood flow following migration to the HA.

Discussion

1 year of migration to HA is associated with decreased blood volume and enhanced hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. These factors contribute to reduced cardiac chamber size and slight declines in bi-ventricular function.
Characterization of a Nicotiana tabacum phytochelatin synthase 1 and its response to cadmium stress
Authors: Wu Chanjuan , Zhang Jie , Chen Mei , Liu Jikai , Tang Yunlai
Published: August 2024

Phytochelatin synthase (PCS) is a critical enzyme involved in heavy metal detoxification in organisms. In this study, we aim to comprehensively investigate the molecular and functional characteristics of the PCS1 gene from Nicotiana tabacum by examining its enzymatic activity, tissue-specific expression pattern, Cd-induced expression, as well as the impact on Cd tolerance and accumulation. The results demonstrated that the amino acid sequence of NtPCS1 shared a high similarity in its N-terminal region with PCS from other species. The enzymatic activity of NtPCS1 was found to be enhanced in the order Ag2+ > Cd2+ > Cu2+ > Pb2+ > Hg2+ > Fe2+ > Zn2+. In addition, RT-PCR data indicated that NtPCS1 gene is constitutively expressed, with the highest expression observed in flowers, and that its transcript levels are up-regulated by CdCl2. When tobacco overexpressing NtPCS1 (PCS1 lines) were grown under CdCl2 stress, they produced more phytochelatins (PCs) than WT plants, but this did not result in increased Cd accumulation. However, in a root growth assay, the PCS1 lines exhibited hypersensitivity to Cd. The overexpression of NtPCS1 itself does not appear to be the primary cause of this heightened sensitivity to Cd, as the Arabidopsis thaliana Atpcs1 mutant overexpressing NtPCS1 actually exhibited enhanced tolerance to Cd. Furthermore, the addition of exogenous glutathione (GSH) progressively reduced the Cd hypersensitivity of the PCS1 lines, with the hypersensitivity even being completely eliminated. Surprisingly, the application of exogenous GSH led to a remarkably enhanced Cd accumulation in the PCS1 lines. This study enriches our understanding of the molecular function of the NtPCS1 gene and suggests a promising avenue for Cd tolerance through the heterologous expression of PCS genes in different species.
Detecting jingle and jangle fallacies by identifying consistencies and variabilities in study specifications – a call for research
Authors: Hanfstingl Barbara , Oberleiter Sandra , Pietschnig Jakob , Tran Ulrich S. , Voracek Martin
Published: August 2024

Over the past few years, more attention has been paid to jingle and jangle fallacies in psychological science. Jingle fallacies arise when two or more distinct psychological phenomena are erroneously labeled with the same term, while jangle fallacies occur when different terms are used to describe the same phenomenon. Jingle and jangle fallacies emerge due to the vague linkage between psychological theories and their practical implementation in empirical studies, compounded by variations in study designs, methodologies, and applying different statistical procedures’ algorithms. Despite progress in organizing scientific findings via systematic reviews and meta-analyses, effective strategies to prevent these fallacies are still lacking. This paper explores the integration of several approaches with the potential to identify and mitigate jingle and jangle fallacies within psychological science. Essentially, organizing studies according to their specifications, which include theoretical background, methods, study designs, and results, alongside a combinatorial algorithm and flexible inclusion criteria, may indeed represent a feasible approach. A jingle-fallacy detector arises when identical specifications lead to disparate outcomes, whereas jangle-fallacy indicators could operate on the premise that varying specifications consistently yield overrandomly similar results. We discuss the role of advanced computational technologies, such as Natural Language Processing (NLP), in identifying these fallacies. In conclusion, addressing jingle and jangle fallacies requires a comprehensive approach that considers all levels and phases of psychological science.
Analysis on the epidemiological and drug resistance characteristics of osteoarticular tuberculosis in South-central China
Authors: Fang Tanwei , Yang Shuliu , Liu Binbin , Li Wenbin , Sun Qing , Liu Haican , Yu Yanyan , Xiang Yu , Li Machao , Guo Yi , Li Jixiang , Zhao Xiuqin , Zhao Li-li , Wan Kanglin , Li Guilian , Yuan Xiuqin , Tan Yunhong
Published: August 2024

Objective

Osteoarticular tuberculosis (OATB) is one of the most common forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis; however, limited epidemiological data are available on this public health concern worldwide, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to analyze the clinical epidemiology and drug resistance characteristics of OATB cases in Hunan province which located in South-central China.

Methods

We retrospectively enrolled OATB patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture positive at Hunan Chest Hospital from January 2013 through March 31, 2022. The multiple demographic, clinical variables and drug susceptibility data of the patients were collected from the hospital’s electronic patient records. Descriptive statistical methods, Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were employed as statistical methods.

Results

Of the 269 OATB cases, 197 (73.23%) were males, 206 (76.85%) were farmers; patients’ ages ranged from 5 to 85 years, 57 (21.19%) aged at 20–29 years old and 52 (19.33%) aged at 60–69 years old. In terms of the disease, 177 (65.80%) had spinal TB with most occurrence in lumbar vertebrae (26.02%, 70/269), multiple spinal sites (18.96%, 51/269) and thoracic vertebrae (15.24%, 41/269). Outside of the spine, OATB mainly occurred in the lower limb (13.38%, 36/269). In terms of drug resistance, 40 (14.87%) and 72 (26.77%) were resistant to rifampicin (RFP) and isoniazid (INH) respectively; 38 (14.13%) were multi-drug resistant (MDR), and a total of 78 (29.00%) isolates were drug resistant. OATB patients aged 40–49 years old (compared to those aged ≥70 years) and from the west of Hunan province, China (compared to those from the center of Hunan) were at risk for developing RR/MDR (ORs were 5.057 and 4.942, respectively; 95% CIs were 1.009–25.342 and 1.458–16.750, respectively).

Conclusion

In South-central China, OATB mainly affected males, farmers and those aged 20–29 and 60–69 years old. Spinal TB is prone to occur in the lumbar and multiple spinal sites. The resistance situation of OATB was serious, and people aged 40–49 years old and patients from the west of Hunan were risk factors of RR/MDR. All these findings will help to improve the prevention, diagnosis and treatment strategies of OATB.
Remotely actuated programmable self-folding origami strings using magnetic induction heating
Authors: Lahondes Quentin , Miyashita Shuhei
Published: August 2024

Transforming planar structures into volumetric objects typically requires manual folding processes, akin to origami. However, manual intervention at sub-centimeter scales is impractical. Instead, folding is achieved using volume-changing smart materials that respond to physical or chemical stimuli, be it with direct contact such as hydration, pH, or remotely e.g., light or magnetism. The complexity of small-scale structures often restricts the variety of smart materials used and the number of folding sequences. In this study, we propose a method to sequentially self-fold millimeter scale origami using magnetic induction heating at 150kHz and 3.2 mT. Additionally, we introduce a method for designing self-folding overhand knots and predicting the folding sequence using the magneto-thermal model we developed. This methodology is demonstrated to sequentially self-fold by optimizing the surface, placement, and geometry of metal workpieces, and is validated through the self-folding of various structures, including a 380 mm2 croissant, a 321mm2 box, a 447mm2 bio-mimetic Mimosa pudica leaf, and an overhand knot covering 524mm2. Our work shows significant potential for miniature self-folding origami robots owing to the novel sequential folding approach and the ability to achieve remote and tetherless self-folding within constrained environments.
Retrieval of aerosol particle size distribution using an improved lévy flight and circle chaos sparrow search algorithm
Authors: Xun Lina , Chu Yuting , Zeng Hao , Wang Siyu , Yan Qing , Zhang Jingjing
Published: August 2024

The aerosol size distribution is a crucial metric for evaluating aerosol optical characteristics and determines the direct and indirect radiative forcings of aerosols. Traditional methods for inversion of aerosol size distribution often suffer from ambiguities and limitations. To address these shortcomings, this paper introduces a method for inferring aerosol volume size distribution utilizing an improved Lévy flight and chaotic sparrow search algorithm (ILCSSA). The algorithm incorporates Circle chaotic mapping onto the basic Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) to obtain a high-quality initial population and employs a Lévy flight strategy to enhance population diversity. Additionally, the process of updating the population’s positions is optimized to improve algorithm accuracy. To validate the feasibility of the proposed method, the measured aerosol optical depth (AOD) data obtained from a Precision Solar Radiometer (PSR) sun photometer in Shouxian are utilized and a series of comparisons were conducted among the Sparrow Search Algorithm, Standard Particle Swarm Algorithm, Improved Particle Swarm Algorithm, and Spider Wasp Optimization Algorithm. The results demonstrate a significant performance advantage for the ILCSSA, evidenced by an average reduction of 50% in Sum of Squared Errors (SSE) and 36% in Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) when compared to the other four algorithms. Additionally, the AOD obtained by ILCSSA had a correlation coefficient of 0.9748 with the original AOD data. Furthermore, we analyzed the aerosol volume size distribution in Shouxian under conditions of good air quality, moderate pollution, and mild pollution. The proposed method holds significant reference value in the field of aerosol volume spectrum inversion.
Resistance Analysis of a Soybean Cultivar, Nongqing 28 against Soybean Cyst Nematode, Heterodera glycines Ichinohe 1952
Authors: Zhou Changjun , Hu Yanfeng , Han Yingpeng , Chen Gang , Liu Bing , Yu Jidong , Wu Yaokun , Li Jianying , Ma Lan , Wei Jian
Published: August 2024

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, 1952, is one of the most destructive plant-parasitic nematodes in soybean production worldwide. The use of resistant soybean is the most effective alternative for its management. However, SCN-resistant soybean cultivars with increased yield and favorable agronomic traits remain limited in the market. Here, we developed a new SCN-resistant soybean cultivar Nongqing 28 from the cross of the female parent cultivar An 02-318 and a male parent line F2 (Hei 99-980 × America Xiaoheidou). Resistance evaluation suggested that Nongqing 28 displayed stable resistance to SCN race 3 in pot assays and the 5-year field experiments, including inhibition of SCN development and reduction in female and cyst numbers. The average yields of Nongqing 28 were 2593 kg/ha and 2660 kg/ha in the 2-year regional trails and the 1-year production trials, with a yield increase of 6.2% and 8.1% compared with the local cultivar Nengfeng 18, respectively. The average seed fat contents in Nongqing 28 reached 21.26%. Additionally, RNA-seq analysis revealed that the resistance of Nongqing 28 to SCN infection is involved in pathogen perception and defense activation, such as reactive oxygen species burst, calcium-mediated defense signaling, hormonal signaling, the MAPK signaling cascade, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. In summary, this study provides a detailed characterization of a novel SCN-resistant soybean cultivar with high oil and yield potential.
Effects of Different Defatting Methods of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Meal on the Metabolic Energy and Nutrient Digestibility in Young Laying Hens
Authors: Xin Yizhen , Xu Meng , Chen Lifei , Wang Guiying , Lu Wenjing , Liu Ziqi , Shang Rongsheng , Li Yifan , Wang Zhuoya , Sun Haoyang , Li Lusheng
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different defatting methods of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal (BSFM) on the metabolic energy and nutrient digestibility in laying hens. Sixty young laying hens (Hy-Line W-36) aged 63 days were randomly divided into two groups (G1 and G2), each with five replicates of six hens housed in individual cages. Group G1 was fed 25% pressed black soldier fly meal (BSFMp) and 75% basal diet, and Group G2 was fed 25% extracted black soldier fly meal (BSFMe) and a 75% basal diet. Both diets included 5 g/kg chromium oxide as an external marker. A 7-day preliminary trial was followed by a 4-day experimental period. The results indicate that pressing and extracting significantly affected the digestibility of crude fat and total energy in BSFM, with BSFMp showing significantly higher crude fat digestibility than BSFMe. Similarly, total energy digestibility was also significantly higher in BSFMp. However, there were no significant differences in dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein digestibility between the two processing methods. The apparent metabolic energy values of BSFMp and BSFMe were 16.34 and 12.41 MJ/kg, respectively, showing a significant difference. The nitrogen-corrected metabolic energy values were 15.89 MJ/kg in BSFMp and 11.93 MJ/kg in BSFMe, indicating a highly significant difference. The digestibility of arginine and leucine in BSFMp was significantly higher than in BSFMe, while differences in lysine, cystine, threonine, tryptophan, and isoleucine were not significant. In conclusion, both defatting methods of BSFM had no adverse effects on the metabolic energy and nutrient digestibility in young laying hens, but BSFMp demonstrated better effects on the digestibility of metabolic energy and nutrients in the feed for young laying hens.
Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens: Investigating the Prevalence of Zoonotic Parasites in Dogs and Humans in a Hyperenzootic Area
Authors: Dimzas Dimitris , Aindelis Georgios , Tamvakis Andronki , Chatzoudi Sapfo , Chlichlia Katerina , Panopoulou Maria , Diakou Anastasia
Published: August 2024

The mosquito-borne zoonotic nematode parasites Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens primarily affect dogs. In recent years, their distribution has expanded due to various factors influencing vector-borne pathogens. This study aimed to investigate the comparative prevalence of infection in dogs and humans within a hyperenzootic region of Europe, and to estimate the proportional relationship between infection prevalence in dogs and humans, within the concept of “One Health”. To this end, 604 blood samples from dogs and 625 serum samples from humans living in the Thrace region of northeastern Greece were collected. The dog samples were examined for Dirofilaria spp. microfilariae using Kott’s test and for D. immitis antigen using a commercial serological test. The human sera were analyzed for both parasites by Western blot. The overall prevalence of infection in dogs was 177 (29.3%), with 173 (28.6%) testing positive for D. immitis and 7 (1.2%) for D. repens, including 6 (1%) cases of mixed infection. Specific IgG antibodies were detected in 42 (6.7%) human samples, with 24 (3.8%) positive for D. immitis and 18 (2.9%) for D. repens. The infection proportion in humans was 23.4% of the corresponding canine infections, indicating a high risk of human infection in this hyperenzootic region.
Correction: Galluzzi et al. Pinning Energy and Evidence of Granularity in the AC Susceptibility of an YBa2Cu3O7-x Superconducting Film. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 4379
Authors: Galluzzi Armando , Crisan Adrian , Ionescu Alina Marinela , Ivan Ion , Leo Antonio , Grimaldi Gaia , Polichetti Massimiliano
Published: August 2024

There was an error in the original publication [...]
Hydrothermal Manufacture of Zeolitic Lightweight Aggregates from Clay and Marine Plastic Litter
Authors: Moreno-Maroto José Manuel , Govea Julia M. , Poza Pablo , Regadío Mercedes , Cuevas Jaime , Ruiz Ana Isabel , Fernández Raúl , Alonso-Azcárate Jacinto
Published: August 2024

Mixed plastic fraction (MPF) from marine litter was investigated as a pore-forming agent in formulations with kaolin and a rejected Mg-clay (rich in smectite and sepiolite) to obtain innovative zeolitic lightweight aggregates. Round granules of ~10 mm in diameter were shaped and fired at 600 °C (mixtures of kaolin with 0, 5, 10, and 20 wt.% MPF) and 900 °C (mixtures of rejected Mg-clay:kaolin (1:0, 2:1, 1:2; 0:1) with 10 wt.% MPF). The fired specimens were hydrothermally treated in a 3M NaOH solution at 150 °C for 24 h. Mixtures containing 20 wt.% MPF led to specimen crumbling, while those with 5 and, especially, 10 wt.% MPF favored a significant crystallization of zeolites and feldspathoids (50–80%), highlighting cancrinite, nepheline, zeolite A, and analcime. The resulting materials were lightweight (1.5–1.8 g/cm3) and their crushing strength increased substantially with the hydrothermal treatment, from 0.04–0.5 MPa to 2.3–5.5 MPa after zeolitization. High content of rejected Mg-clay in the mixture (>67%) negatively affected the zeolitization and the properties of the final aggregate, while 33 wt.% was adequate, increasing slightly the crushing strength (3.4 vs. 3.1 MPa). These findings contribute to plastic waste circularity and sustainability/technological progress in materials production.
Anticancer Properties of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ) Potential Agonists 4-Thiazolidinone-Pyrazoline Hybrids Les-4368 and Les-4370 in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells In Vitro
Authors: Kaleniuk Edyta , Holota Serhii , Skóra Bartosz , Khylyuk Dmytro , Tabęcka-Łonczyńska Anna , Lesyk Roman , Szychowski Konrad A.
Published: August 2024

Presently, a major challenge is the search for new compounds that may exhibit an inhibitory effect on tumor progression. Recently, the 4-thiazolidinone (4-TZD) group has gained attention in this research field. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anticancer effects of two new 4-TZD-based derivatives (Z)-5-[5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)- (Les- 4368) and (Z)-5-[5-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-ylmethylene]-3-(3-acetoxyphenyl)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-ones (Les-4370) on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)-dependent cytotoxicity in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (CACO-2) and in normal human fibroblasts (BJ) in vitro. Les-4368 and Les-4370 exerted a toxic effect on both tested cell lines in high (micromolar) concentrations (10–100 µM). In addition, Les-4368 and Les-4370 applied in the BJ and CACO-2 cells in the concentration range of 10 µM to 100 µM increased the activity of caspase-3 and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROSs). The mRNA expression of PPARγ-related genes (PPARγ, AhR, PXR, and NF-κB) showed certain changes in these parameters, proving the engagement of this receptor in the induction of the biological effects of both tested 4-TZD derivatives. Moreover, the treatment of the BJ and CACO-2 cells with Les-4368, Les-4370, an antagonist (GW9662), or an agonist (rosiglitazone) of the PPARγ receptor also resulted in changes in the above-mentioned parameters. Unfortunately, the tested substances studied cell line work in a non-selective way at a relatively high concentration, which reduces their potential for clinical application. Our research is the preliminary study with the use of these compounds and requires further studies to elucidate the mechanisms of action of their anticancer potential.
Analytical Review of Wind Assessment Tools for Urban Wind Turbine Applications
Authors: Abohela Islam , Sundararajan Raveendran
Published: August 2024

Due to the complex nature of the built environment, urban wind flow is unpredictable and characterised by high levels of turbulence and low mean wind speed. Yet, there is a potential for harnessing urban wind power by carefully integrating wind turbines within the built environment at the optimum locations. This requires a thorough investigation of wind resources to use the suitable wind turbine technology at the correct location—thus, the need for an accurate assessment of wind resources at the proposed site. This paper reviews the commonly used wind assessment tools for the urban wind flow to identify the optimum tool to be used prior to integrating wind turbines in urban areas. In situ measurements, wind tunnel tests, and CFD simulations are analysed and reviewed through their advantages and disadvantages in assessing urban wind flows. The literature shows that CFD simulations are favoured over other most commonly used tools because the tool is relatively easier to use, more efficient in comparing alternative design solutions, and can effectively communicate data visually. The paper concludes with recommendations on best practice guidelines for using CFD simulation in assessing the wind flow within the built environment and emphasises the importance of validating CFD simulation results by other available tools to avoid any associated uncertainties.
Proteomic Analysis Identifies Dysregulated Proteins in Albuminuria: A South African Pilot Study
Authors: Khoza Siyabonga , George Jaya A. , Naicker Previn , Stoychev Stoyan H. , Fabian June , Govender Ireshyn S.
Published: August 2024

Albuminuria may precede decreases in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and both tests are insensitive predictors of early stages of kidney disease. Our aim was to characterise the urinary proteome in black African individuals with albuminuria and well-preserved GFR from South Africa. This case-controlled study compared the urinary proteomes of 52 normoalbuminuric (urine albumin: creatinine ratio (uACR) < 3 mg/mmol) and 56 albuminuric (uACR ≥ 3 mg/mmol) adults of black African ethnicity. Urine proteins were precipitated, reduced, alkylated, digested, and analysed using an Evosep One LC (Evosep Biosystems, Odense, Denmark) coupled to a Sciex 5600 Triple-TOF (Sciex, Framingham, MA, USA) in data-independent acquisition mode. The data were searched on SpectronautTM 15. Differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were filtered to include those with a ≥2.25-fold change and a false discovery rate ≤ 1%. Receiver–operating characteristic curves were used to assess the discriminating abilities of proteins of interest. Pathway analysis was performed using Enrichr software. As expected, the albuminuric group had higher uACR (7.9 vs. 0.55 mg/mmol, p < 0.001). The median eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) showed no difference between the groups (111 vs. 114, p = 0.707). We identified 80 DAPs in the albuminuria group compared to the normoalbuminuria group, of which 59 proteins were increased while 21 proteins were decreased in abundance. We found 12 urinary proteins with an AUC > 0.8 and a p < 0.001 in the multivariate analysis. Furthermore, an 80-protein model was developed that showed a high AUC ˃ 0.907 and a predictive accuracy of 91.3% between the two groups. Pathway analysis found that the DAPs were involved in insulin growth factor (IGF) functions, innate immunity, platelet degranulation, and extracellular matrix organization. In albuminuric individuals with a well-preserved eGFR, pathways involved in preventing the release and uptake of IGF by insulin growth factor binding protein were significantly enriched. These proteins are indicative of a homeostatic imbalance in a variety of cellular processes underlying renal dysfunction and are implicated in chronic kidney disease.
Bcl-2 Orthologues, Buffy and Debcl, Can Suppress Drp1-Dependent Age-Related Phenotypes in Drosophila
Authors: Hasan Azra , Staveley Brian E.
Published: August 2024

The relationship of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and other age-related neurodegenerative diseases with mitochondrial dysfunction has led to our study of the mitochondrial fission gene Drp1 in Drosophila melanogaster and aspects of aging. Previously, the Drp1 protein has been demonstrated to interact with the Drosophila Bcl-2 mitochondrial proteins, and Drp1 mutations can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal loss. In this study, the Dopa decarboxylase-Gal4 (Ddc-Gal4) transgene was exploited to direct the expression of Drp1 and Drp1-RNAi transgenes in select neurons. Here, the knockdown of Drp1 seems to compromise locomotor function throughout life but does not alter longevity. The co-expression of Buffy suppresses the poor climbing induced by the knockdown of the Drp1 function. The consequences of Drp1 overexpression, which specifically reduced median lifespan and diminished climbing abilities over time, can be suppressed through the directed co-overexpression of pro-survival Bcl-2 gene Buffy or by the co-knockdown of the pro-cell death Bcl-2 homologue Debcl. Alteration of the expression of Drp1 acts to phenocopy neurodegenerative disease phenotypes in Drosophila, while overexpression of Buffy can counteract or rescue these phenotypes to improve overall health. The diminished healthy aging due to either the overexpression of Drp1 or the RNA interference of Drp1 has produced novel Drosophila models for investigating mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disease.
Emergency Carotid Thrombo-Endarterectomy after Failed Endovascular Recanalization for Acute Complete Carotid Occlusion: A Case Report
Authors: Keles Abdullah , Uyaniker Zeynep Arzum , Aagaard-Kienitz Beverly , Baskaya Mustafa K.
Published: August 2024

Rapid identification of the type and origin of a stroke is crucial for prompt and appropriate treatment, which can significantly influences patient outcomes. We report a multidisciplinary management case involving a 76-year-old man who presented with left-sided weakness and mild dysarthria. Imaging revealed a completely occluded right internal carotid artery. Despite multiple endovascular recanalization attempts, adequate flow could not be achieved, leading to the decision to perform an open thrombo-endarterectomy. The patient underwent carotid endarterectomy with microsurgical techniques under general anesthesia. The atheroma plaque and central thrombus were removed, which reestablished flow. Continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring was utilized to ensure patient safety. The patient woke up without new deficits and was discharged for rehabilitation. Follow-up imaging confirmed arterial patency, and the patient eventually made an excellent recovery, including being independent over one and a half years. Emergent recanalization with carotid endarterectomy following a failed endovascular recanalization is both safe and feasible, emphasizing the need for collaboration between different treatment providers to ensure optimal patient outcomes. Our report highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and the advantages of a hybrid operating room in the treatment of acute complete carotid artery occlusion.
From Bench to Bedside: Motor–Cognitive Interactions
Authors: Corbo Daniele
Published: August 2024

The capacity of humans to learn new motor abilities is known as motor learning, which is often understood as increasing movement precision over time and space through repetition [...]
The Influence of Fly Ash and Slag on the Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Zhang Zhenyang , Su Tian , Zhang Lu , Zheng Run , Ma Keshun , Zhang Lin , Amaechi Chiemela Victor , Wang Chunguang
Published: August 2024

The use of geopolymer as a cementitious material for geopolymer concrete (GPC) is beneficial for the sustainable development and green transformation of the construction industry. Geopolymer concrete has many advantages, such as high strength, heat and corrosion resistance, low hydration heat, and carbon emissions. This paper adopted the water–binder ratio, alkaline activator modulus, and slag replacement as the influencing factors, and used the 28-day compressive strength and flexural strength of geopolymer concrete as the response values to seek a reasonable mix design. In addition, through microstructure analysis, the mechanism of geopolymer on concrete was studied. The results indicated that as the water–binder ratio increased, the compressive strength first increased and then decreased, while the flexural strength continuously decreased. As the amount of slag replacement increased, the compressive strength and flexural strength would also increase. The effect of alkaline activator modulus on compressive strength and flexural strength was not significant. Through response surface methodology (RSM) analysis, the optimal design of geopolymer concrete was determined to have a water–cement ratio of 3.50, a modulus of 1.54 for alkaline activator solution, and a slag substitution rate of 47%. The microstructure analysis showed that the water–binder ratio and slag replacement improved the pore structure and density of concrete, thereby enhancing the macroscopic mechanical properties of concrete. This paper can provide a theoretical basis for the application of geopolymer concrete in engineering.
Promoting Person-Centered Care for Older Adults: Development of the Long-Term Care Unit Environment Assessment Tool (LTCU-EAT)
Authors: Chen Yu , Zhang Jiamin , Wang Chunyu
Published: August 2024

Providing older people with quality long-term care (LTC) contributes to the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3—Good Health and Well-being. Person-Centered Care (PCC) is the optimal approach that enhances the quality of life for older adults residing in LTC facilities. This study develops the Long-Term Care Unit Environment Assessment Tool (LTCU-EAT) to assess how LTC environments support PCC goals. The study was conducted in five steps. (1) Reviewing and revising assessment items based on existing literature; (2) Preliminary assessment and protocolling with expert opinions; (3) On-site assessments conducted by two raters among 21 LTC units across 13 facilities; (4) Reliability test of assessment items; (5) Scoring and reliability test of LTC unit samples. The LTCU-EAT, comprising 89 items distributed across 12 subscales within four themes, was developed based on a summary of 14 PCC goals. A total of 82 items (92.13%) demonstrated strong inter-rater reliability. The assessments of all LTC unit samples displayed good criterion-related validity. The LTCU-EAT is a valuable tool for conducting post-occupancy evaluation (POE) of LTC facilities, systematically evaluating the level of environment support for PCC, and providing empirical evidence for future research, policy and practice.
Accuracy of GynTect® Methylation Markers to Detect Recurrent Disease in Patients Treated for CIN3: A Proof-of-Concept Case-Control Study
Authors: Hoyer Heike , Scheungraber Cornelia , Mehlhorn Grit , Hagemann Ingke , Scherbring Sarah , Wölber Linn , Petzold Annett , Wunsch Kristina , Schmitz Martina , Hampl Monika , Böhmer Gerd , Hillemanns Peter , Runnebaum Ingo B. , Dürst Matthias
Published: August 2024

Post-treatment follow-up in women with CIN3 is mandatory due to relapse in up to 15% of patients within 2 years. Standard follow-up care based on hrHPV-DNA/cytology co-testing has high sensitivity but limited specificity. The aim of our proof-of-concept case-control study was to evaluate the performance of the methylation test GynTect® for the detection of recurrent CIN2/3 during follow-up. Residual clinical material from a recent, prospective, multicenter, observational study was available for further analysis. We studied a sample of 17 cases with recurrent CIN2/3 diagnosed within 24 months of follow-up and 31 controls without recurrence. DNA from cervical scrapes at baseline (immediately before CIN3 surgery) and up to three follow-up visits were analyzed for hrHPV and GynTect® methylation status. Cytology data were available from the previous study. Overall, 12 cases and 21 controls were GynTect-positive at baseline. In these subgroups, single test sensitivity at first follow-up was 67% (95% CI 39–87%) for GynTect® compared to 83% (95% CI 55–96%) for hrHPV (p = 0.50). Single test specificity was significantly higher for GynTect® (90%, 95% CI 71–98% vs. 62%, 95% CI 40–80%) (p = 0.03). In a co-testing setting, both hrHPV/cytology and GynTect®/cytology detected all recurrences. Specificity for GynTect®/cytology was higher than for hrHPV/cytology, but this difference was not statistically significant. In conclusion, for initially GynTect-positive patients, both hrHPV and GynTect® tests detected recurrent disease with similar sensitivity, but the GynTect® assay has a higher specificity. Incident hrHPV infection and/or persisting multifocal hrHPV infections without clinical disease are most likely responsible for the poorer specificity of the hrHPV test. A future prospective validation study will have to show whether GynTect®/cytology co-testing can outperform hrHPV/cytology co-testing in post-treatment surveillance.
Regulation of Tumor Microenvironment through YAP/TAZ under Tumor Hypoxia
Authors: Choi Sung Hoon , Kim Do Young
Published: August 2024

In solid tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hypoxia is one of the important mechanisms of cancer development that closely influences cancer development, survival, and metastasis. The development of treatments for cancer was temporarily revolutionized by immunotherapy but continues to be constrained by limited response rates and the resistance and high costs required for the development of new and innovative strategies. In particular, solid tumors, including HCC, a multi-vascular tumor type, are sensitive to hypoxia and generate many blood vessels for metastasis and development, making it difficult to treat HCC, not only with immunotherapy but also with drugs targeting blood vessels. Therefore, in order to develop a treatment strategy for hypoxic tumors, various mechanisms must be explored and analyzed to treat these impregnable solid tumors. To date, tumor growth mechanisms linked to hypoxia are known to be complex and coexist with various signal pathways, but recently, mechanisms related to the Hippo signal pathway are emerging. Interestingly, Hippo YAP/TAZ, which appear during early tumor and normal tumor growth, and YAP/TAZ, which appear during hypoxia, help tumor growth and proliferation in different directions. Peculiarly, YAP/TAZ, which have different phosphorylation directions in the hypoxic environment of tumors, are involved in cancer proliferation and metastasis in various carcinomas, including HCC. Analyzing the mechanisms that regulate the function and expression of YAP in addition to HIF in the complex hypoxic environment of tumors may lead to a variety of anti-cancer strategies and combining HIF and YAP/TAZ may develop the potential to change the landscape of cancer treatment.
Cytoreductive Surgery with Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Peritoneal Sarcomatosis
Authors: Yurttas Can , Ladurner Ruth , Mihaljević André L. , Strohäker Jens
Published: August 2024

(1) Background: Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with HIPEC is considered the standard of care for selected patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis, but evidence-based treatment recommendations for the therapy of peritoneal sarcomatosis are scarce. (2) Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all adult patients treated with CRS and HIPEC for peritoneal sarcomatosis between 2017 and 2024. (3) Results: Ten patients with a median age of 46.1 years (range: 23–77 years) with metachronous (40%) or synchronous (60%) peritoneal sarcomatosis from six different tumor entities were treated according to tumor board recommendation using CRS and HIPEC with cisplatin and doxorubicin over 60 min at 42.0 °C. The length of stay in the intensive care unit and hospital was 1.24 (0.6–1.9 days) and 11.1 days (6–17 days), respectively. Complete cytoreduction was achieved in 90% of the patients, with a median PSI of 11.5. Postoperative complications occurred in five cases, but no surgical revisions were necessary, and no acute kidney damage was recorded. (4) Conclusions: CRS with HIPEC in the presence of peritoneal sarcomatosis could be safely performed in our collective. Whether this resulted in an oncological treatment benefit cannot be concluded in view of the heterogeneous and small collective. Therefore, larger and prospective studies are warranted.