bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dopamine transporter gene polymorphism moderates the effects of severe deprivation on ADHD symptoms: Developmental continuities in gene–environment interplay
Authors: Stevens Suzanne E. , Kumsta Robert , Kreppner Jana M. , Brookes Keeley J. , Rutter Michael , Sonuga‐Barke Edmund J. S.
Published: August 2009

Early institutional deprivation is a risk factor for Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms. However not all individuals are affected. We tested the hypothesis that this heterogeneity is influenced by gene x environment (GxE) interaction and that genetic polymorphisms involved in dopamine neurotransmission moderate the effects of severe early institutional deprivation on symptoms of ADHD (sADHD). Using a prospective‐longitudinal design sADHD were measured at ages 6, 11, and 15 years in a sample of individuals who experienced severe institutional deprivation (up to 42 months of age) in Romanian orphanages and a non‐institutionalized comparison group. Individuals were genotyped for polymorphisms in the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4 48‐bp VNTR in exon 3) and dopamine transporter gene (DAT1 haplotypes combining a 40‐bp VNTR in 3'UTR and a 30‐bp VNTR in intron 8). The risk for sADHD associated with early institutional deprivation was moderated by the DAT1 but not the DRD4 genotypes; an effect that was first apparent in early‐, and persisted to mid‐adolescence. The results (i) provide evidence for developmental continuities in G x E interaction, (ii) explain some of the heterogeneity in ADHD outcomes following institutional deprivation and, (iii) add to our understanding of environmental determinants of sADHD. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interaction among genes influencing ethanol metabolism and sex is association with alcohol use disorders in a Tibet population
Authors: Guo Wanjun , Wang Qiang , Lanzi Gongga , Luobu Ouzhu , Ma Xiaohong , Wang Yingcheng , Zhen Puo , Ji Yulin , Wei Geng , Wang Zheng , Deng Wei , Zhuoma Basang , Shi Xiaoming , Yan Chengyin , He Chan , Liu Xiehe , Wu Yuejing , Luo Hongrong , Collier David A , Ball David , Li Tao , Hu Xun
Published: August 2009

Associations between alcohol use disorders and polymorphisms of genes influencing ethanol metabolism have been widely reported, but gene–gene and gene–sex interaction studies have rarely been examined. Using a set of samples collected during an epidemiological study of alcohol use disorders AUDs in a Tibetan population in China, we performed a case–control study to investigate the relationship between the functional polymorphisms of genes influencing ethanol metabolism and AUDs. The sample included 383 individuals with an AUDIT score ≥10 and 350 control subjects with the AUDIT score ≤5. All participants were genotyped for ALDH2*1/*2, ADH1B*1/*2, and CYP2E1*c1/c2*. Data were analyzed employing an integrated strategy using MDR, SPSS, and UNPHASED software. The MDR analysis showed that the four‐factor model including ADH1B*1/*2, ALDH2*1/*2, and CYP2E1*c1/*c2 polymorphisms, and sex was the most accurate model associated with AUDs with the highest OR 3.299. It also revealed that CYP2E1 *c1/*c2 polymorphism interacted significantly with sex. Independent analysis confirmed that both ADH2*2 and ALDH2*2 allele were significantly associated with AUDs (OR: 0.441 for ADH2*2 and 0.137 for ALDH2*2). CYP2E1*c2 was positively associated with AUDs only in males homozygotic for ALDH2*1 and ADH1B*1 (OR: 2.585). Cumulative association analysis showed the number of protective alleles and genotypes were negatively associated with AUDs. In conclusion, ALDH2*2 and ADH1B*2 alleles were not only independently associated with AUDs but also demonstrated cumulative dosage effects. However the positive association between CYP2E1*c2 allele and AUDs might only exist in males homozygotic for ALDH2*1 and ADH1B*1. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Winter ecology of the Arunachal macaque Macaca munzala in Pangchen Valley, western Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India
Authors: Mendiratta Uttara , Kumar Ajith , Mishra Charudutt , Sinha Anindya
Published: August 2009

The newly described Arunachal macaque Macaca munzala occurs largely in sub‐tropical to temperate environments at elevations of c. 1,800–3,000 m in Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India. We studied its over‐wintering strategy by comparing the diet, ranging, and behavior of a troop of 24 individuals during winter and spring (December 2005 to May 2006) through instantaneous scan sampling (3,002 records, 448 scans, 112 hr of observation). We also monitored the phenology of food plants. The macaques spent more time (41–66%) feeding in the winter than in spring (33–51%), whereas time spent moving and resting was greater in spring. The diet composed largely of plants, with animal matter being eaten rarely. The number of plant species in the diet increased from 18 to 25 whereas food types rose from 18 to 36 from winter to spring, respectively. Although only two species formed 75% of the winter diet, seven species comprised this proportion in spring. Availability of fruits and young leaves increased in spring; the troop moved more and utilized a larger part of its range during this time. Seasonal changes in behavior could be explained by the scarcity of food and the costs of thermoregulation in winter. Our study suggests that the Arunachal macaque inhabits a highly seasonal environment and has an over‐wintering strategy that includes subsisting on a high‐fiber diet by increasing the time spent feeding, and minimizing energy expenditure by reducing the time spent moving. Am. J. Primatol. 71:939–947, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.