bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct and indirect therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine as an add-on for non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: An Xuedong , Jin De , Duan LiYun , Zhao Shenghui , Zhou Rongrong , Lian Fengmei , Tong Xiaolin
Published: September 2020

Background

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in many countries. The current treatment for non-proliferative DR (NPDR) using Western medicine (WM) alone is insufficient. At present, the combination of NPDR treatment with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and WM is universally applied. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of TCM as an add-on for NPDR using a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Method

Data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TCM for NPDR treatment along with WM before July 6, 2019, were collected from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, China Biomedical Database, Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Relevant data were extracted by two reviewers. I2 statistics was adopted to appraise heterogeneity. If I2 < 50% the fixed-effects model was employed, otherwise a random-effect model was employed. (PROSPERO: CRD42019134947)

Result

Eighteen RCTs (1522 patients) were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that compared with WM alone, TCM (including Compound Xueshuantong Capsule, Qiming Granule, and others) combined with WM for NPDR could improve the overall effiicacy [n = 1686, RR 1.24 (1.18,1.30), P < 0.00001, I2 = 0%], and reduce the influence of risk factors related to NPDR, such as glycated hemoglobin level [n = 360, MD − 0.85 (− 1.28, − 0.41), P = 0.0001, I2 = 72%], triglyceride (P < 0.00001), and total cholesterol (P = 0.0008). Moreover, no serious adverse events were reported.

Conclusion

Compared with WM alone, TCM + WM could significantly improve NPDR and also reduce the correlation levels of risk factors, such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia. However, the small sample included in the study might lead to a publication bias, and therefore, our results should be treated with caution.
Assessment of the efficacy of a fatigue management therapy in schizophrenia: study protocol for a randomized, controlled multi-centered study (ENERGY)
Authors: Raffard Stéphane , Rainteau Nicolas , Bayard Sophie , Laraki Yasmine , Norton Joanna , Capdevielle Delphine
Published: September 2020

Background

Fatigue is a well-known common clinical feature of numerous chronic diseases including various forms of cancer, neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, and psychiatric disorders. A significant proportion of people with schizophrenia (30–60%) reportedly experience fatigue, which impacts negatively on participation in various activities, including work, study, leisure, and social pursuits. Causes of fatigue in schizophrenia are poorly understood and there are no established treatments. Several evidence-based interventions for fatigue syndrome including psychoeducation, cognitive behavioral therapy, and graded exercise therapy have been shown to be effective in other medical conditions and could be adapted to address fatigue in schizophrenia patients. As there are no psychosocial or pharmacological interventions with proved efficacy for fatigue in schizophrenia, there is an urgent need for the development of strategies to improve fatigue management in schizophrenia.

The aim of this project is to evaluate in a single blind randomized clinical trial the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention compared to treatment as usual (TAU) on fatigue as the main outcome in schizophrenia patients. Clinical symptoms, physical functioning, major cognitive functions, quality of life and functioning, treatment dosage, daily motor activity, biological markers with inflammatory markers are also considered as secondary outcomes.

Methods/design

Two hundred patients meeting the inclusion criteria will be randomized to either of the study arms (intervention or TAU). The ENERGY intervention will be delivered according to a standardized treatment manual comprising six modules addressing fatigue and sleep over 14 individual therapy sessions. The treatment encompasses core CBT principles of psycho-education, behavioral activation, behavioral experiments, cognitive restructuring, problem-solving, and relapse prevention. Sessions will follow the traditional CBT structure of agenda setting, review of homework tasks, and introduction of a new concept/technique with collaborative discussions on how to implement such strategies in the participant’s day-to-day environment. Our primary endpoint will be the severity of fatigue assessed at baseline and at the 9-month follow-up using the “Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory” (MFI).

Discussion

The trial will provide the first test of CBT intervention for fatigue for patients with schizophrenia. This study will also test to what extent the treatment can be implemented in everyday practice.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.govNCT04332601. Registered on 10 April 2020.
Functional MR imaging beyond structure and inflammation—radiographic axial spondyloarthritis is associated with proteoglycan depletion of the lumbar spine
Authors: Abrar Daniel B. , Schleich Christoph , Tsiami Styliani , Müller-Lutz Anja , Radke Karl Ludger , Holthausen Neela , Frenken Miriam , Boschheidgen Matthias , Antoch Gerald , Mucke Johanna , Sewerin Philipp , Braun Juergen , Nebelung Sven , Baraliakos Xenofon
Published: September 2020

Background

To compare the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content of lumbar intervertebral disks (IVDs) of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and healthy volunteers and to investigate the association of GAG depletion and disease-related clinical and imaging features.

Methods

Lumbar spines of 50 AS patients (mean age 50 ± 10.5 years) and 30 age-matched volunteers were studied with 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and conventional radiographs (CR). The MRI protocol included high-resolution morphological sequences and the compositional GAG chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging technique (gagCEST). Morphological images were analyzed by three raters for inflammatory activity, fat deposition, disk degeneration, and structural changes on CR. Clinical and serological measures included the Bath AS Disease Activity (BASDAI) and Bath AS Function (BASFI) Indices and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. GagCEST values of both groups were compared using a linear mixed model. Kendall-Tau correlation analyses were performed.

Results

GagCEST values were significantly lower in AS patients (2.0 ± 1.7%) vs. healthy volunteers (2.4 ± 1.8%), p = 0.001. Small, yet significant correlations were found between gagCEST values and CRP levels (τ = − 0.14, p = 0.007), BASFI (τ = − 0.18, p < 0.001) and presence of syndesmophytes (τ = − 0.17, p = 0.001). No significant correlations were found with BASDAI, inflammation, and fat deposition MRI scores.

Conclusions

Lumbar spines of r-AS patients undergo significant GAG depletion, independently associated with syndesmophyte formation, functional disability, and increased serological inflammation markers. Beyond establishing a pathophysiological role of the cartilage in AS, these findings suggest that gagCEST imaging may have an adjunct confirmatory role in the assessment of disease-related pathological MRI findings in axial spondyloarthritis.

Trial registration

3980 (https://studienregister.med.uni-duesseldorf.de)
Using Big Data-machine learning models for diabetes prediction and flight delays analytics
Authors: Nibareke Thérence , Laassiri Jalal
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Nowadays large data volumes are daily generated at a high rate. Data from health system, social network, financial, government, marketing, bank transactions as well as the censors and smart devices are increasing. The tools and models have to be optimized. In this paper we applied and compared Machine Learning algorithms (Linear Regression, Naïve bayes, Decision Tree) to predict diabetes. Further more, we performed analytics on flight delays. The main contribution of this paper is to give an overview of Big Data tools and machine learning models. We highlight some metrics that allow us to choose a more accurate model. We predict diabetes disease using three machine learning models and then compared their performance. Further more we analyzed flight delay and produced a dashboard which can help managers of flight companies to have a 360° view of their flights and take strategic decisions.

Case description

We applied three Machine Learning algorithms for predicting diabetes and we compared the performance to see what model give the best results. We performed analytics on flights datasets to help decision making and predict flight delays.

Discussion and evaluation

The experiment shows that the Linear Regression, Naive Bayesian and Decision Tree give the same accuracy (0.766) but Decision Tree outperforms the two other models with the greatest score (1) and the smallest error (0). For the flight delays analytics, the model could show for example the airport that recorded the most flight delays.

Conclusions

Several tools and machine learning models to deal with big data analytics have been discussed in this paper. We concluded that for the same datasets, we have to carefully choose the model to use in prediction. In our future works, we will test different models in other fields (climate, banking, insurance.).
Structural hole centrality: evaluating social capital through strategic network formation
Authors: Ghaffar Faisal , Hurley Neil
Published: September 2020

Strategic network formation is a branch of network science that takes an economic perspective to the creation of social networks, considering that actors in a network form links in order to maximise some utility that they attain through their connections to other actors in the network. In particular, Jackson’s Connections model, writes an actor’s utility as a sum over all other actors that can be reached along a path in the network of a benefit value that diminishes with the path length. In this paper, we are interested in the “social capital” that an actor retains due to their position in the network. Social capital can be understood as an ability to bond with actors, as well as an ability to form a bridge that connects otherwise disconnected actors. This bridging benefit has previously been modelled in another “structural hole” network formation game, proposed by Kleinberg. In this paper, we develop an approach that generalises the utility of Kleinberg’s game and combines it with that of the Connections model, to create a utility that models both the bonding and bridging capabilities of an actor with social capital. From this utility and its associated formation game, we derive a new centrality measure, which we dub “structural hole centrality”, to identify actors with high social capital. We analyse this measure by applying it to networks of different types, and assessing its correlation to other centrality metrics, using a benchmark dataset of 299 networks, drawn from different domains. Finally, using one social network from the dataset, we illustrate how an actor’s “structural hole centrality profile” can be used to identify their bridging and bonding value to the network.
Morphological features of anterior segment: factors influencing intraocular pressure after cataract surgery in nanophthalmos
Authors: Lu Qiang , He Wenwen , Lu Yi , Zhu Xiangjia
Published: September 2020

Purpose

To investigate the anterior segment in nanophthalmic eyes and their association with intraocular pressure after cataract surgery.

Methods

Thirty-two nanophthalmic eyes (axial length [AL] < 18.5 mm) in 18 patients and 35 normal eyes (21 ≤ AL ≤ 24.5 mm) in 35 controls who had undergone uneventful cataract surgery were included. Swept-source optical coherence tomography was used to compare the anterior segment structures between the two groups. The associations between the anterior segment characteristics of nanophthalmic eyes and postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) were also investigated.

Results

The IOP-lowering effect of cataract surgery was remarkably insufficient in nanophthalmic eyes. Peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) were observed in 56% (18/32) of nanophthalmic eyes, and a characteristic boomerang-shaped iris was observed in 28% (9/32). The anterior surface of the iris seemed “smoother” in nanophthalmic eyes than in normal eyes. Schlemm’s canal (SC) diameter, SC area, trabecular meshwork (TM) thickness, TM width, and TM area were generally smaller in the nanophthalmic eyes. Younger age, higher preoperative IOP, broader PAS, and smaller SC area were main contributors to higher postoperative IOP. AL and SC diameter may also be of great importance in IOP prediction in patients without glaucoma surgery and PAS.

Conclusions

The morphological features of the anterior segment in nanophthalmic eyes are significantly different from those of normal eyes. Influencing factors such as age, AL, preoperative IOP, extent of PAS, SC and TM size could all be prognostic for IOP after cataract surgery in nanophthalmic eyes.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrails.gov, Trial registration number:NCT02182921, Registered 8 July 2014.
A new measure of group decision-making efficiency
Authors: Hsieh Cheng-Ju , Fifić Mario , Yang Cheng-Ta
Published: September 2020

It has widely been accepted that aggregating group-level decisions is superior to individual decisions. As compared to individuals, groups tend to show a decision advantage in their response accuracy. However, there has been a lack of research exploring whether group decisions are more efficient than individual decisions with a faster information-processing speed. To investigate the relationship between accuracy and response time (RT) in group decision-making, we applied systems’ factorial technology, developed by Townsend and Nozawa (Journal of Mathematical Psychology 39, 321–359, 1995) and regarded as a theory-driven methodology, to study the information-processing properties. More specifically, we measured the workload capacity CAND(t), which only considers the correct responses, and the assessment function of capacity AAND(t), which considers the speed-accuracy trade-off, to make a strong inference about the system-level processing efficiency. A two-interval, forced-choice oddball detection task, where participants had to detect which interval contains an odd target, was conducted in Experiment 1. Then, in Experiment 2, a yes/no Gabor detection task was adopted, where participants had to detect the presence of a Gabor patch. Our results replicated previous findings using the accuracy-based measure: Group detection sensitivity was better than the detection sensitivity of the best individual, especially when the two individuals had similar detection sensitivities. On the other hand, both workload capacity measures, CAND(t) and AAND(t), showed evidence of supercapacity processing, thus suggesting a collective benefit. The ordered relationship between accuracy-based and RT-based collective benefit was limited to the AAND(t) of the correct and fast responses, which may help uncover the processing mechanism behind collective benefits. Our results suggested that AAND(t), which combines both accuracy and RT into inferences, can be regarded as a novel and diagnostic tool for studying the group decision-making process.
“America’s Scapegoats”
Authors: Staudenmaier Michael
Published: September 2020

In the 1970s and 1980s, Puerto Rican and Chicana/o/x radicals from across the United States developed a sophisticated theory of fascism as part of a broader effort to defend themselves against government repression and apply the lessons of the rightward trajectories of many Latin American countries. In the process, they built panethnic alliances that helped spur the emergence of Latina/o/x identity as it is commonly understood in the twenty-first century. This article uses the Movimiento de Liberación Nacional (National Liberation Movement, or MLN) as a case study of this broader process because of its binational character and its persistent willingness to grapple with both the theory and practice of fascism and anti-fascism in the United States and in Latin America. While the MLN abandoned its own panethnic structure in the early 1980s, its legacy of Latina/o/x struggle against far right and white nationalist forces persists into the present moment.
Anti-fascism in the Archive
Authors: Descartes Jan , Hardesty Michele , Hoyer Jen , Schreiner Maggie , Shuman Brooke
Published: September 2020

The exhibit no. NOT EVER. opened at Interference Archive (IA) in January 2018. It featured a traveling installation from the Seattle-based collection If You Don’t They Will, which used stories from 1980s and 1990s rural working-class activism to inspire organizing against white nationalism in the current moment. This installation was contextualized with print culture from the IA collection. Creating this collaborative exhibition presented several challenges and opportunities, among them how to create a cohesive show with hybrid elements, how to create digital and physical safety for visitors and volunteers in a new storefront space, and how to foreground training and organizing through workshops.
Facet Dependence of Photocatalytic Activity in Anatase TiO2: Combined Experimental and DFT Study
Authors: Joutsuka Tatsuya , Yoshinari Hiroto , Yamauchi Satoshi
Published: September 2020

For enhancing the photocatalytic performance of anatase TiO2, proper control of the reactive facets and its molecular-level understanding are crucial. This experimental and theoretical study clarifies the facet dependence of the photocatalytic reaction at the anatase TiO2 surface. The 〈112〉-oriented anatase TiO2 layer is deposited on a Ru(0001) substrate at 360 °C by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition. The deposition rate is three times higher than that of the multi-orientation layer on the Pyrex glass. The photocatalytic activity induced by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation around 365 nm in methylene blue aqueous solutions is significantly high, and the rate constant is 6.1 × 10−1 min−1, which is two orders of magnitude greater than that on the multi-orientation TiO2. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations using the constrained DFT method and the hybrid functionals show that the (112) surface stabilizes the adsorbed water molecule most strongly. The photogenerated hole is stably trapped not at the bare surface but at the hydroxylated surface, especially at the hydroxyl group of the hydroxylated (112) and (001) surfaces. The experimental and theoretical findings consistently indicate the high photocatalytic activity at the anatase TiO2(112) surface.
CT colonography evaluation of the relationship between colon anatomy and diverticula
Authors: Flor Nicola , Martinelli Andrea , Maconi Giovanni , Di Pietro Salvatore , Perillo Noemi , Maggi Luca
Published: September 2020

Objectives:

In this study, we aimed at investigating the relationship between diverticula and in vivo colonic features such as total colon length (TCL), using CTC. We also evaluated polyps, neoplastic lesions and the correlation among them.

Methods:

This retrospective study considered a series of patients who underwent CTC in our Hospital from 2010 to 2018. We evaluated TCL, the length of each colon segments and sigmoid colon diameter using dedicated software. We verified the presence of diverticula, polyps and neoplasm and measured the number of diverticula using a five-point class scale, evaluating the colonic segments involved by the disease and the number of diverticula for each segment. A logistic regression model was used to analyse the relationship between diverticula and the patients’ age, sigmoid colonic diameter and the length of each colonic segments.

Results:

The population finally included 467 patients, 177 males and 290 females (average age of 67 ± 12; range 45–96). The mean TCL was 169 ± 25 cm (range 115–241 cm). Out of the 467, 323 patients (69%) had at least one analyse. The patients with diverticula had a mean TCL significantly shorter than patients without diverticula (164 ± 22 vs 181 ± 27 cm; p = 0.001). Among the different variables, sigmoid colon length, sigmoid colon diameter and patient’s age were correlated with diverticula (p < 0.01). Otherwise there is no association among diverticula, polyps and neoplasm.

Conclusions:

The presence of colonic diverticula was significantly inversely correlated with TCL.The TCL was not significantly correlated with polyps and cancers.

Advances in knowledge:

The presence of colonic diverticula was significantly inversely correlated with total colon length, and in particular they significantly decreased with increasing colon length; our observation could contribute to the comprehension of diverticula pathogenesis.
About Socio-Psychological Aspect of the Mediation
Authors: Udavihina Ul'yana
Published: September 2020

The definition of mediation as a process or procedure prevails in the scientific literature. Consideration of the socio-psychological aspect of meditation is rarely found in the works of foreign and domestic researchers. A hypothesis was put forward about the existence of socio-psychological features of the mediator's professional activity, which are manifested in the socio-psychological features and social orientations of mediators and their clients. 198 people were surveyed, including 98 mediators and 100 mediation clients. We measured: personality profiles of social orientations; use of mediation approaches; negotiation style in mediation; level of subjective success of the mediator's professional activity. Data processing: frequency analysis, correlation analysis using the t-test for independent samples, Pearson's Chi-square, and Spearman's r-square. Results: among mediators, people who tend to dominate are more common, while clients who use the services of mediators have a tendency to lead behavior. There are differences in the mutual assessment of personality profiles and social orientations of mediators and their clients. Each mediation approach and negotiation style is characterized by its own set of relationships with the characteristics of the personality profile of the mediator's social orientations, features and self-assessment of his work.
Nonlinear Pricing of Software with Local Demand Inelasticity
Authors: Xin Mingdi , Sundararajan Arun
Published: September 2020

Nonlinear usage-based pricing is applied extensively in software markets. Customers of software products usually cannot vary their required usage volume, a property we label local demand inelasticity. For instance, a client firm that needs a sales force automation software either buys one user license for every salesperson or does not buy at all. It is unlikely to buy licenses for some but not all salespersons. This demand feature violates a critical assumption of the standard nonlinear pricing literature that consumers are flexible with their usage volume, and their valuation changes smoothly with usage volume. Consequently, standard nonlinear pricing solutions are inapplicable to many software products. This paper studies the optimal nonlinear usage-based pricing of software when customers' demand is locally inelastic. This unique demand feature necessitates a new approach to solve the nonlinear pricing problem. We show that under a weak ordering condition of customer types, this complex pricing problem can be decomposed into a set of much simpler subproblems with known solutions. Our pricing solution is easily implementable and applicable to a broad range of demand systems, including those described by the families of exponential and normal distributions. Moreover, local demand inelasticity has a critical impact on key efficiency results.
Information and Memory in Dynamic Resource Allocation
Authors: Xu Kuang , Zhong Yuan
Published: September 2020

We propose a general framework, dubbed stochastic processing under imperfect information (SPII), to study the impact of information constraints and memories on dynamic resource allocation. The framework involves a stochastic processing network (SPN) scheduling problem in which the scheduler may access the system state only through a noisy channel, and resource allocation decisions must be carried out through the interaction between an encoding policy (that observes the state) and an allocation policy (that chooses the allocation). Applications in the management of large-scale data centers and human-in-the-loop service systems are among our chief motivations. We quantify the degree to which information constraints reduce the size of the capacity region in general SPNs and how such reduction depends on the amount of memories available to the encoding and allocation policies. Using a novel metric, capacity factor, our main theorem characterizes the reduction in capacity region (under “optimal” policies) for all nondegenerate channels and across almost all combinations of memory sizes. Notably, the theorem demonstrates, in substantial generality, that (1) the presence of a noisy channel always reduces capacity, (2) more memory for the allocation policy always improves capacity, and (3) more memory for the encoding policy has little to no effect on capacity. Finally, all of our positive (achievability) results are established through constructive, implementable policies.
Efficient Solution of Maximum-Entropy Sampling Problems
Authors: Anstreicher Kurt M.
Published: September 2020

Maximum-entropy sampling is a difficult nonlinear discrete optimization problem that arises in spatial statistics, for example, in the design of weather-monitoring networks. An exact algorithm for maximum-entropy sampling was first described in 1995, and subsequent papers have devised a variety of methods that obtain bounds and, in some cases, exact solutions. In “An Efficient Algorithm for Maximum-Entropy Sampling,” Anstreicher describes a new bound for the maximum-entropy sampling problem that is superior to all previously known bounds and is also efficiently computable. A branch-and-bound algorithm that incorporates the new bound solves challenging benchmark instances to optimality for the first time.
Entre o real e o imaginário: a ficção literária como apreensão do mundo
Authors: Dornelas Rui Uchoa
Published: September 2020

Uma das questões mais antigas e constantes na história da literatura diz respeito às relações que a arte literária é capaz de manter com a realidade objetiva. Nesse contexto, a tentativa de melhor definir a influência dessas relações no âmbito tanto da produção literária, quanto de sua recepção crítica se depara com a necessidade de revisar os mecanismos pelos quais, do imaginário ao texto literário, o mundo real é capaz de se tornar um mundo ficcional. E é nesse intuito, portanto, que se delineia aqui um percurso de feição teórica, baseado na reflexão autores como Lukács, Sartre, Candido, e Iser.
Mário de Andrade e a escrita epistolar
Authors: Constancio Felipe De Andrade
Published: September 2020

A figura de Mário de Andrade ainda é indecifrável nas letras do modernismo brasileiro, por conta de suas facetas estéticas e culturais. Ainda há muito para se investigar sobre esse ícone da nossa cultura. Partindo desta premissa investigativa, este trabalho trilha o percurso de uma possível (re)leitura da correspondência de Mário. Valendo-nos das cartas publicadas no livro A lição do amigo (1982), busca-se investigar a intervenção estética operada pelo modernista no texto de Carlos Drummond de Andrade e no seu próprio fazer enquanto literato. Para tanto, recorre-se ao aparato teórico das escritas da intimidade, como uma corrente de estudos pós-modernistas em que se nota incidentemente a temática das escritas de si e das escritas do outro. Nossa hipótese de trabalho apoia-se neste fator: a intervenção de Mário no texto e na formação intelectual de Drummond parece forjar o seu próprio texto e o seu constante fazer intelectual.
Avaliação da qualidade de vida de pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS: revisão integrativa
Authors: Marques Sergio Corrêa , Oliveira Denize Cristina de , Cecilio Hellen Pollyanna Mantelo , Silva Cinthia Pereira , Sampaio Leonardo Alves , Silva Virgínia Xavier Pereira da
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: analisar estudos referentes à avaliação da qualidade de vida de pessoas vivendo com HIV no Brasil, por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Método: trata-se de revisão integrativa que incluiu 22 artigos científicos publicados no período de 2011 a 2019. Resultados: os principais instrumentos utilizados na avaliação da qualidade de vida foram o WHOQOL-HIV bref e o HAT-QOL. Os domínios com maiores escores na avaliação foram confiança no médico, psicológico e espiritualidade; as piores avaliações relacionavam-se com os domínios meio ambiente e preocupação com o sigilo. A exposição do diagnóstico impacta negativamente para a qualidade de vida bem como as condições de vida e saúde. Conclusão: a qualidade de vida é um construto multidimensional e subjetivo com implicação direta na saúde e tratamento das pessoas vivendo com HIV, portanto, compreender os fatores que impactam sua avaliação é primordial na elaboração de políticas públicas e melhores condições de vida.
Danos à saúde e qualidade de vida no trabalho de enfermeiros hospitalares: um estudo transversal
Authors: Melo Anna Bianca Ribeiro , Siqueira Janaina Moreno de , Silva Marize Barbosa , Silva Pablo Alexandre , Antonian Glória Maria De Moraes , Farias Sheila Nascimento Pereira de
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: analisar a associação entre danos à saúde e qualidade de vida no trabalho de enfermeiros hospitalares. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal. Amostra de 145 enfermeiros. Pareceres da comissão de ética: 1.634.051 e 1.643.912. Utilizaram-se estatísticas descritivas, análises bivariadas, teste do qui-quadrado, cálculo da razão de chance e intervalos de confiança. Resultados: observou-se que o consumo de medicamentos provocado/agravado pelo trabalho aumentou em 2,31 vezes a chance de o enfermeiro ter baixa qualidade de vida no trabalho; transtornos do sono provocados/agravados pelo trabalho aumentou em 3,15 vezes a chance de ter baixa qualidade de vida no trabalho; cefaleia frequente provocada/agravada pelo trabalho aumentou a chance em 1,98 vezes de ter baixa qualidade de vida no trabalho. Conclusão: condições de trabalho impactam na saúde e qualidade de vida do trabalho do enfermeiro. Ambientes de trabalho adequados proporcionam satisfação pessoal e profissional, além de manterem a qualidade da força de trabalho do enfermeiro.
A história de Esmeralda e seus cadernos de receitas
Authors: Silva Elza Fagundes da , Dudeque Pianovski Vieira Alboni Marisa
Published: September 2020

O artigo, na perspectiva da História Cultural, analisa os cadernos de receitas como fontes documentais e como peças importantes do acervo familiar e cultural por sua representatividade na memória e na transmissão de saberes entre gerações. Trata da história de vida deN.L.M, neste artigo chamada de Esmeralda, nascida e criada no interior do estado do Paraná, Brasil. A pesquisa é bibliográfica, documental e de campo. Os cadernos de receitas são testemunhos de uma época, tratam de uma forma de vida centrada na família, na medida em que pretendem sistematizar a vivência alimentar desse grupo. Suaanálise revela não apenas aspectos relativos à autora, como emoções, lembranças e tradições familiares, mas também vestígios sobre o que privilegiava a educação feminina da época.
Afrocentricidade e pensamento decolonial: perspectivas epistemológicas para pesquisas sobre relações étnico-raciais
Authors: Reis Maria Conceição , Silva Joel Severino , Almeida Gabriel Swahili Sales
Published: September 2020

As políticas educacionais impulsionadas no Brasil a partir da aprovação da Lei N. 10.639/2003 têm contribuído para o aumento de pesquisas nas Universidades sobre relações étnico-raciais, mas revelado como estas pesquisas ainda partem de perspectivas teóricas eurocêntricas para a produção do conhecimento. Em paralelo, abordagens a partir de outras matrizes vêm sendo desenvolvidas, como a afrocentricidade e o pensamento decolonial. Para este, a colonização europeia estabeleceu sistemas de controle do poder, do saber e do ser assentados no discurso naturalista de raça como condição determinista destes sistemas e dos vetores da colonialidade. Para a teoria da afrocentricidade é preciso superar a hegemonia de uma história única e encarar quaisquer fenômenos a partir de sua devida localização. A questão problematizadora desse estudo é: Como a afrocentricidade e o pensamento decolonial se configuram como perspectivas epistemológicas para as pesquisas sobre relações étnico-raciais? A partir desta problematização, o objetivo é identificar a presença da teoria da afrocentricidade e do pensamento decolonial enquanto perspectivas epistemológicas nas pesquisas sobre as relações étnico-raciais. Como procedimento teórico e metodológico, apoia-se numa revisão bibliográfica das referidas correntes epistemológicas, privilegiado as ideias de Quijano (2005; 2009) e Asante (2009; 2014) e nos trabalhos apresentados em dois congressos nacionais sobre a temática. Como conclusão deste estudo, defende a ideia de uma necessária e urgente disseminação de epistemologias inovadoras para a produção do conhecimento referente às relações étnico-raciais como resistência à colonização do saber e esforço de recentramento histórico e cultural das pessoas africanas.
Maracatu rural na proposta pedagógica curricular da Educação Infantil de Nazaré da Mata - PE
Authors: Silva Daiane Lopes da , Arantes Adlene Silva
Published: September 2020

Investigamos como as políticas curriculares da Educação Infantil no município de Nazaré da Mata-PE atendem as orientações das legislações em vigor no âmbito das relações étnico-raciais. O estudo de cunho qualitativo utilizou a entrevista semiestruturada, a análise documental e o Grupo Reflexivo. Todas as questões éticas foram atendidas. Percebemos que a temática história e cultura afro-brasileira e africana ainda são trabalhadas de maneira tímida como afirmaram os participantes da pesquisa, mesmo o maracatu estando presente na proposta curricular para a educação Infantil do município. As docentes compreenderem a necessidade de intensificar práticas antirracistas para assim contribuírem com a formação de sujeitos conscientes de sua identidade cultural, étnica e racial.
Trincheiras Culturais, a Lei 10639/2003 e a Baixada Fluminense: um estudo de caso
Authors: Costa Ricardo Dias da , Siss Ahyas , Fernandes Ana Paula Cerqueira
Published: September 2020

Os Núcleos de Estudos Afro-Brasileiros e Indígenas têm se constituído como espaço de protagonismo nas instituições de ensino superior do país em favor da implementação das Leis 10.639/2003, 11.645/2008 e das Diretrizes Curriculares no campo da Educação. Eles desempenham a tarefa da proposição de estudos voltados para a construção do entendimento da luta antirracista como compromisso sócio-político que precisa ser difundido. O artigo apresenta os caminhos trilhados pelo NEABI da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro no tocante ao universo de suas ações de formação docente. As reflexões retomadas revalidam o entendimento de que uma educação de bases antirracistas implica na crítica ao mito da democracia racial assim como na compreensão dos mecanismos de exclusão que recaem sobre a população negra ampliando o reconhecimento do caráter inter/multicultural da sociedade brasileira.
O Centro Afrocarioca de Cinema como espaço de educabilidade decolonial
Authors: Rosa Fábio José Paz da
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de analisar o Centro afrocarioca de cinema, inserido enquanto expressividade do Movimento negro, no qual as questões raciais e culturais têm na sétima arte a linguagem articuladora com a literatura, a dança, a música e o teatro. Entendemos esse espaço fundamentado em uma Pedagogia decolonial ao qual o fundador Zózimo Bulbul e seus pares constroem perspectivas fundamentais para repensar o currículo da formação docente e da escola básica em consonância com a Lei 10.639/2003. Dessa forma, compreendemos a necessidade dos professores terem por referência os conhecimentos produzidos por artistas e intelectuais negros ao evidenciarem a indissociabilidade da ancestralidade, da oralidade e das diferentes linguagens artísticas com vistas à produção de novas imagens cinematográficas.
Jovens negras periféricas: afloradas interseccionalidades de raça e gênero
Authors: Valentim Silvani Santos , Souza Andréia Carvalho de
Published: September 2020

Objetiva-se com este artigo que as reflexões sobre a interseccionalidade de raça e gênero possam promover a articulação dessas categorias com o contexto socioeconômico e do mundo do trabalho, para elevá-las a um lugar sacramental nas discussões sobre esses marcadores. Esses marcadores são tomados, também, como categorias, por serem mais do que simplesmente ferramentas analíticas. Devem ser capazes de desvelar o racismo estrutural e institucional, para construção de um discurso que não se contente com visões  parciais e dicotômicas no tratamento das diferenças. São interseccionalidades afloradas porque excitam e tensionam a realidade em que jovens negras trabalhadoras são protagonistas de suas experiências, no contexto de relações sociais que produzem subjetividades estruturadas a partir de processos renovadores de construções identitárias de raça e gênero.
Feeding disadvantaged children during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Defeyter Margaret Anne , Mann Emily , Wonders Pauline , Goodwin Sabine
Published: September 2020

The coronavirus crisis has shone a light on pre-existing social, economic and health inequalities. This article examines what has been done to support children who rely on free school meals and holiday clubs to access healthy, nutritious food
The Invention of Jewish Christianity: From Early Christian Heresiology to John Toland’s Nazarenus
Authors: Jackson-Mccabe Matt
Published: September 2020

This chapter explains why Irish freethinker John Toland, in eighteenth-century London, began to reclassify groups long categorized as heresy as “Jewish Christianity.” More specifically, it argues that Toland invented an incarnational model of Jewish Christianity as the centerpiece of a freethinking reappropriation of Christian apologetic historiography. By the end of the nineteenth century, above all because of the influential work of the German scholar Ferdinand Christian Baur, the concept had become a given within the emerging field of historical-critical scholarship on early Christianity. The chapter then looks at Toland's reconstruction of early Christianity, published under the title Nazarenus in 1718. Toland composed Nazarenus not merely as an account of early Christianity, but as an account of true Christianity. The category “Jewish Christianity” was a by-product of Toland's attempt to divert the authorizing power of Jesus and the apostles from traditional orthodoxy to his own enlightened humanism.
The Basic Principles for Combating Injustice in the Islamic State
Authors: Ghannouchi Rached
Published: September 2020

This chapter examines the solutions in Islamic thought that can curb state tyranny, for the benefit of freedom, justice, and the human rights of citizens. It shows that Islam has the power to absorb the democratic process and repurpose it so it becomes the rule of the people enlightened by the divine law. It has the power especially to nudge the Islamists in a clearly democratic direction. In the end, however, the chapter argues that freedom and human rights in Islam are not slogans like political lobbying or power equations; they are creeds and religious rituals that are taught to young Muslims. No political party or state enacts them; neither does a particular class or people in order to bolster their privileges. Rather, they are mandatory, sacred laws that that must be put into practice as duties and not simply as rights.
Cruising for Slaves and Boating up Rivers
Authors: Barcia Manuel
Published: September 2020

At sea, disease was a common adversary to both slave traders and anti–slave trade officers in the various navies involved in the implementation of abolition policies in the Atlantic. Their many challenges are covered in the pages of this chapter, placing special emphasis on the ways in which they dealt with potential epidemics whenever they seized a vessel full of sick enslaved Africans. Other important issues discussed here are the ways in which they interacted among themselves and with coastal enclaves, and also how they often engaged in proto-colonial operations while carrying out their abolitionist work.
A Shared Struggle
Authors: Barcia Manuel
Published: September 2020

This chapter examines the exchanges and debates that occurred throughout the Atlantic, revealing how knowledge related to diseases and their cures was created and disseminated by a varied number of historical actors associated with the slave trade and its abolition. The chapter question the ways in which helped disseminating new knowledge and changing medical cultures in the Atlantic world and beyond.
Making Books Affordable
Authors: Shaver Lea
Published: September 2020

This chapter talks about country music star Dolly Parton, who is also a poet at heart. She is an avid reader, with an extensive book collection. As a child growing up in Appalachia, however, Dolly experienced book hunger first-hand. It explains how Dolly's own childhood experience motivated her to found the Imagination Library as a way to ensure that all children could experience the joy of book ownership. The chapter also discusses other organizations like First Book that reinvents the traditional book supply chain. Rather than relying on for-profit bookstores as an intermediary, First Book and Imagination Library have innovated alternative, more cost-effective systems to deliver books to children from low-income backgrounds. Through a combination of charitable dollars and cost savings, innovative nonprofits are bringing books to millions of American children who otherwise could not afford them.
Reinventing Distribution
Authors: Shaver Lea
Published: September 2020

This chapter covers the difficulties of distributing books, especially developing countries that contend with limited transportation infrastructure and unreliable postal systems. From Pratham Books' perspective, “Creating access is infinitely harder than creating books,” Suzanne Singh states plainly. It explains how postal systems offer a convenient and cost-effective way to deliver hard-copy books. In the United States, Imagination Library spends pennies per book to ship directly to children's homes. The trade-off, however, is that the recipients have no ability to select particular books of interest. The chapter also explains how digital technology offers to make books “magically appear” in a different way. For charities looking to make their budgets stretch, these potential cost savings are significant and very attractive. For this reason, literacy charities in the developing world are increasingly emphasizing digital content.
Fair Use of Existing Books
Authors: Shaver Lea
Published: September 2020

This chapter analyzes the nuances of the copyright law book, such as translating a book into another language for academic use, adapting a famous book to make it more multicultural, or cheaply photocopying a book to give away to low-income families. Copyright exceptions are sometimes quite specific and clearly defined, while others are open-ended and subject to broad interpretation. It talks about the doctrine of “fair use” in America. Contrary to popular belief, the fact that something is widely done is no assurance that it is legally recognized as fair use. The chapter also provides a hypothetical situation in order to illustrate how the fair use doctrine might apply to a potential non-profit publishing project to address book hunger.
‘Toil in the factory, toil in the home’
Authors: Griffin Emma
Published: September 2020

This chapter takes a look at the kind of options which were available to married women without a reliable breadwinner for support, and how they were able to navigate their way through these options. It emphasises the remarkably stable nature of the married women's participation in the workplace. A wide range of economic measures have indicated that the economy underwent unprecedented growth and restructuring after 1830, yet none of these changes appear to have made much of an impact on the likelihood of married women participating in the labour market. Equally, the nineteenth century witnessed the emergence of the breadwinning family model — the ideological justification for higher male wages, a wage sufficient to support the male breadwinner and his dependent wife and children at home. Yet this too had very little impact on women's experiences, failing to raise male wages to a level at which paid work for married women became unnecessary in most families. Indeed, as the autobiographies in this chapter show, it becomes evident that married women's working patterns do not fit into our usual ways of conceiving work at all.
‘I learned to speak’
Authors: Griffin Emma
Published: September 2020

This chapter explores citizens' engagement in politics. Indeed, politics was the single largest preoccupation of the male autobiographers: more than one-quarter of the male writers reported having been involved in some form of political movement or organisation. The movements they joined were almost exclusively on the left of the political spectrum and as such they promoted not only social mobility for the specific individuals who joined them but also the collective interests of working people as a whole. They were thus part of a larger transition that occurred between the 1860s and 1930s, which saw the wrangling of political power out of the hands of the social elites who had traditionally claimed it as their special prerogative. This marked a permanent break from the old regime with working men both claiming and starting to exercise a right to participate in the nation's political machinery. But though this development involved a shift in the balance of power between social classes, like all elements of Britain's cultural and economic life during this period, this transition was gendered in nature. Power was tilting towards working-class men, but working-class women remained firmly on the fringes.
Conclusion
Authors: Griffin Emma
Published: September 2020

This concluding chapter returns to the ‘enigma’ raised at the beginning of the chapter — whether or not this study of six hundred-odd autobiographies has shed any light on why decades of robust economic growth failed to lift all out of poverty. It explores the survival of poverty in an increasingly prosperous society through a new lens — the working-class autobiographies. These sources are not often used by economic historians, but the chapter proposes a mingling of life and social histories with statistical records and modern economic theory to better explain how the economy grew and who benefited from it. After all, there can be no denying that Victorian economic growth had vastly increased the wealth of the nation by the outbreak of war in 1914. Yet whilst industrial capitalism could create wealth, it was itself unable to distribute it in such a way that most of society could benefit from it.
Stunned by the Seizure of Power
Authors: Kraus Karl
Published: September 2020

This chapter reflects on the rise of Adolf Hitler to power and the implications thereof. It directs this sense of surprise at a polemicist who is popularly—but mistakenly—expected to take a stand; and who, when confronted by any evil that appeals to his temperament, has indeed been prepared to “stick his neck out.” But there are evils which not only make the neck cease to be a metaphor but may also prevent the associated activity of the brain from formulating a single idea. The chapter thus illustrates the author's shock, as well as the compulsion to give an account of this failure. It attempts to explain the dilemma into which such a complete upheaval in the German-speaking world has plunged him, and the paralysis caused by the awakening of a nation and the establishment of a dictatorship that now controls everything apart from language.