bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interdisziplinäre Behandlung von Schädelbasistumoren
Authors: Gerlach Ruediger , Modesti Claudia Lodovica , Rampinelli Vittorio
Published: May 2024

Zielsetzung Die endoskopische endonasale Schädelbasischirurgie hat sich
weltweit durchgesetzt. Vergleichende Analysen haben gezeigt, dass die
endoskopische Schädelbasischirurgie bei vielen Pathologien der vorderen
Schädelbasis, z. B. bei bösartigen Tumoren der Nasennebenhöhlen, bei Pathologien
der zentralen Schädelbasis wie Hypophysenadenomen, Kraniopharyngiomen,
ausgewählten Fällen von Meningiomen des Planum sphenoidale und des Tuberculum
sellae oder bei clivalen Läsionen, z. B. bei Chordomen, Chondrosarkomen oder
bestimmten Meningiomen, Vorteile bieten kann. In den letzten drei Jahrzehnten
konnten interdisziplinäre chirurgische Teams bestehend aus HNO-Ärzten und
Neurochirurgen detaillierte anatomische Kenntnisse vermitteln, neue Ansätze oder
Modifikationen etablierter chirurgischer Techniken vorschlagen und somit zu
einer kontinuierlichen chirurgischen Weiterbildung beitragen.

Methode Es wurde eine Übersicht über die einschlägige Literatur erstellt,
wobei der Schwerpunkt auf der interdisziplinären endoskopischen Chirurgie von
Schädelbasisläsionen lag.

Ergebnisse Auf der Grundlage der chirurgischen Erfahrung der Autoren in
zwei verschiedenen interdisziplinären endoskopischen Schädelbasiszentren
klassifizieren die Autoren die Ansätze für die endoskopische endonasale
Schädelbasischirurgie, beschreiben Indikationen und wichtige anatomische
Orientierungspunkte für häufige Pathologien und heben chirurgische Techniken zur
Vermeidung von Komplikationen hervor.

Schlussfolgerung Die interdisziplinäre endonasale endoskopische Chirurgie
vereint chirurgisches Fachwissen, verbessert die Resektionsraten bei vielen
Pathologien und minimiert die Morbidität durch Verringern der Häufigkeit
chirurgischer Komplikationen.
Interdisziplinäres Management vaskulärer Anomalien im
Kopf-Hals-Bereich
Authors: Mattheis Stefan , Wanke Isabel
Published: May 2024

Vaskuläre Anomalien im Kopf-Hals-Bereich sind meist seltene Erkrankungen und
stellen diagnostisch und therapeutisch eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Sie
werden eingeteilt in vaskuläre Tumore und vaskuläre Malformationen. Bei den
Tumoren unterscheidet man benigne Tumore, wie z. B. das infantile Hämangiom. von
seltenen malignen Tumoren, wie z. B. dem Angiosarkom. Die vaskulären
Malformationen werden eingeteilt in einfache Malformationen, gemischte
Malformationen, Anomalien großer Gefäße und Anomalien im Rahmen von Syndromen.
Die Behandlung erfolgt interdisziplinär und es stehen verschiedene Modalitäten
zur Verfügung. Hierzu gehören klinische Beobachtung, Sklerotherapie,
Embolisation, ablative und koagulierende Verfahren, chirurgische Resektion und
medikamentöse Systemtherapie. Die Therapie ist herausfordernd, da bei vaskulären
Anomalien im Kopf-Hals-Bereich praktisch immer Funktion und Ästhetik betroffen
sind. Ein besseres Verständnis der genetischen und molekularbiologischen
Grundlagen vaskulärer Anomalien führte in jüngster Zeit zur klinischen
Erforschung zielgerichteter medikamentöser Therapien. Dieser Artikel bietet eine
aktuelle Übersicht über die Diagnostik, Klink und Therapie vaskulärer Anomalien
im Kopf-Hals-Bereich.
Species-wide quantitative transcriptomes and proteomes reveal distinct genetic control of gene expression variation in yeast
Authors: Teyssonnière Elie Marcel , Trébulle Pauline , Muenzner Julia , Loegler Victor , Ludwig Daniela , Amari Fatma , Mülleder Michael , Friedrich Anne , Hou Jing , Ralser Markus , Schacherer Joseph
Published: May 2024

Gene expression varies between individuals and corresponds to a key step linking genotypes to phenotypes. However, our knowledge regarding the species-wide genetic control of protein abundance, including its dependency on transcript levels, is very limited. Here, we have determined quantitative proteomes of a large population of 942 diverse natural
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
yeast isolates. We found that mRNA and protein abundances are weakly correlated at the population gene level. While the protein coexpression network recapitulates major biological functions, differential expression patterns reveal proteomic signatures related to specific populations. Comprehensive genetic association analyses highlight that genetic variants associated with variation in protein (pQTL) and transcript (eQTL) levels poorly overlap (3%). Our results demonstrate that transcriptome and proteome are governed by distinct genetic bases, likely explained by protein turnover. It also highlights the importance of integrating these different levels of gene expression to better understand the genotype–phenotype relationship.
BRCA1 safeguards genome integrity by activating chromosome asynapsis checkpoint to eliminate recombination-defective oocytes
Authors: Bai Long , Li Peng , Xiang Yu , Jiao Xiaofei , Chen Jiyuan , Song Licun , Liang Zhongyang , Liu Yidan , Zhu Yimin , Lu Lin-Yu
Published: May 2024

In the meiotic prophase, programmed DNA double-strand breaks are repaired by meiotic recombination. Recombination-defective meiocytes are eliminated to preserve genome integrity in gametes. BRCA1 is a critical protein in somatic homologous recombination, but studies have suggested that BRCA1 is dispensable for meiotic recombination. Here we show that BRCA1 is essential for meiotic recombination. Interestingly, BRCA1 also has a function in eliminating recombination-defective oocytes.
Brca1
knockout (KO) rescues the survival of
Dmc1
KO oocytes far more efficiently than removing CHK2, a vital component of the DNA damage checkpoint in oocytes. Mechanistically, BRCA1 activates chromosome asynapsis checkpoint by promoting ATR activity at unsynapsed chromosome axes in
Dmc1
KO oocytes. Moreover,
Brca1
KO also rescues the survival of asynaptic
Spo11
KO oocytes. Collectively, our study not only unveils an unappreciated role of chromosome asynapsis in eliminating recombination-defective oocytes but also reveals the dual functions of BRCA1 in safeguarding oocyte genome integrity.
Solving inverse obstacle scattering problem with latent surface representations
Authors: Chen Junqing , Jin Bangti , Liu Haibo
Published: May 2024

We propose a novel iterative numerical method to solve the three-dimensional inverse obstacle scattering problem of recovering the shape of an obstacle from far-field measurements. To address the inherent ill-posed nature of the inverse problem, we advocate the use of a trained latent representation of surfaces as the generative prior. This prior enjoys excellent expressivity within the given class of shapes, and meanwhile, the latent dimensionality is low, which greatly facilitates the computation. Thus, the admissible manifold of surfaces is realistic and the resulting optimization problem is less ill-posed. We employ the shape derivative to evolve the latent surface representation, by minimizing the loss, and we provide a local convergence analysis of a gradient descent type algorithm to a stationary point of the loss. We present several numerical examples, including also backscattered and phaseless data, to showcase the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Introduction to theoretical and experimental aspects of quantum optimal control
Authors: Ansel Q , Dionis E , Arrouas F , Peaudecerf B , Guérin S , Guéry-Odelin D , Sugny D
Published: May 2024

Quantum optimal control (QOC) is a set of methods for designing time-varying electromagnetic fields to perform operations in quantum technologies. This tutorial paper introduces the basic elements of this theory based on the Pontryagin maximum principle, in a physicist-friendly way. An analogy with classical Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics is proposed to present the main results used in this field. Emphasis is placed on the different numerical algorithms to solve a QOC problem. Several examples ranging from the control of two-level quantum systems to that of Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) in a one-dimensional optical lattice are studied in detail, using both analytical and numerical methods. Codes based on shooting method and gradient-based algorithms are provided. The connection between optimal processes and the quantum speed limit is also discussed in two-level quantum systems. In the case of BEC, the experimental implementation of optimal control protocols is described, both for two-level and many-level cases, with the current constraints and limitations of such platforms. This presentation is illustrated by the corresponding experimental results.
Performance study of an array piezoelectric energy harvester for pressure pulsation vibration energy in water hydraulic system
Authors: Xian Tongrui , Xu Yifei , Chen Chen , Wang Guosen , Wang Mengdi , Shi Weijie
Published: May 2024

In this paper, an array piezoelectric energy harvester (APEH) is designed for energy collection from water hydraulic system. The APEH is arranged in a spatial axial array, exhibiting excellent insulation and waterproof properties. The effects of connection modes and pressure pulsation parameters on the output performance of APEH are investigated through theoretical analysis, simulation and experiment. The results show that the output electric energy of each piezoelectric disk is consistent, and it is generated by the deformation caused by pressure pulsation. The connection modes show significant differences at different resistances. Series and parallel connections have the same maximum output power. The parallel connection has a smaller optimal resistance and has advantages in practical engineering applications. Both the pressure amplitude and the pulsation frequency affect the output voltage and power and increasing the pulsation frequency leads to the decrease of optimal resistance. By employing parallel connection, APEH can achieve higher output at lower load resistances. When the resistance is 12 kΩ, the average power and power density are reach as 997.63 μW and 2.54 μW mm−3, respectively. In summary, the APEH proposed in this paper offering a viable solution for energy recovery in water hydraulic systems and the sustainable power supply of the sensors, along with providing relevant theoretical references and practical schemes.
Efficient fabrication of high quality SU-8 photoresist based microsphere lasers via emulsion
Authors: Nguyen Toan Van , Nguyen Hoang Minh , Nguyen Thau Xuan , Tien Tran Quoc , Ta Van Duong
Published: May 2024

SU-8 photoresist is a highly important material in the field of microfabrication and photonics owing to its low cost, excellent chemical and mechanical durability, high refractive index and transparency in the visible range. As a result, SU-8 photoresist has been employed as a cavity matrix for microsphere lasers. However, the current fabrication technique of SU-8 based microsphere lasers is complex and time-consuming. Here, we demonstrate a novel, cost-effective fabrication method for dye-doped SU-8 microspheres with diameters ranging from about 15–100 µm. These microspheres exhibit efficient lasing emission under optical pulse excitation. Lasing thresholds of 20–30 µJ mm−2 and quality factors ranging from 1500 to 3000 are achieved. The size dependence of lasing characteristics indicates that the lasing mechanism is due to whispering gallery mode. Interestingly, these microsphere lasers can work in water, presenting promising application prospects in the fields of biological and chemical sensors.
Free electron emission in vacuum assisted by photonic time crystals
Authors: Gao Xiaoke , Zhao Xiaoyu , Ma Xikui , Dong Tianyu
Published: May 2024

The Cerenkov radiation and Smith–Purcell (SP) effect state that free electron emission occurs exclusively in dielectrics when the velocity of the particles exceeds the speed of light in the medium or in the vicinity of periodic gratings close to each other within a vacuum. We demonstrate that free electrons in a vacuum can also emit highly directional monochromatic waves when they are in close proximity to a medium that is periodically modulated temporally, suggesting the existence of the temporal SP effect. The momentum band gaps of time-varying media, such as photonic time crystals (PTCs), create new pathways for the injection of external energy, allowing the frequency, intensity, and spatial distribution of electromagnetic fields to be controlled. Moreover, the PTC substrate enables the conversion of localized evanescent fields into amplified, highly directional propagating plane waves that are only sensitive to the velocity of particles and the modulation frequency, which allows us to observe and utilize Cerenkov-like radiation in free space. Our work presents significant opportunities for the utilization of time-varying structures in various fields, including particle identification, ultraweak signal detection, and improved radiation source design.
A voltage-driven dual-mode MoSe2 photodetector with graphene as van der Waals contact
Authors: Xia Zhonghui , Wang Sujuan , Liu Xueting , Chen Hongyu , Su Longxing
Published: May 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum selenide (MoSe2) is promising for use in the development of photodetectors for the harvesting of light from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared band, while high responsivity and fast response speed are difficult to simultaneously realize. Herein, we present a dual-mode MoSe2 photodetector with asymmetric electrodes, in which graphene and Cr metal are utilized as ohmic and Schottky contacts, respectively. The photodiode possesses fabulous Schottky characteristics, with a rectification ratio of ∼250 and a low dark current of ∼40 pA at −1 V. Under forward bias voltage of 1 V, the photodetector works in photoconductive mode with a slow response speed (decay time: ∼5 min) but high responsivity (632 mA W−1). However, at reverse bias voltage, the photodetector acts as a photovoltaic-type device due to the Schottky barrier between Cr and MoSe2. Because of the reinforced built-in electric field, the photodetector driven at −5 V shows much faster response speeds (rise time: 1.96 ms; decay time: 755 µs). This study provides a deep understanding of asymmetric structure MoSe2 photodetectors operated in two modes, which promotes a forward step toward 2D material optoelectronics.
Chemical bonding in phase-change chalcogenides
Authors: Müller P C , Elliott S R , Dronskowski R , Jones R O
Published: May 2024

Almost all phase-change memory materials (PCM) contain chalcogen atoms, and their chemical bonds have been denoted both as ‘electron-deficient’ [sometimes referred to as ‘metavalent’] and ‘electron-rich’ [‘hypervalent’, multicentre]. The latter involve lone-pair electrons. We have performed calculations that can discriminate unambiguously between these two classes of bond and have shown that PCM have electron-rich, 3c–4e (‘hypervalent’) bonds. Plots of charge transferred between (ET) and shared with (ES) neighbouring atoms cannot on their own distinguish between ‘metavalent’ and ‘hypervalent’ bonds, both of which involve single-electron bonds. PCM do not exhibit ‘metavalent’ bonding and are not electron-deficient; the bonding is electron-rich of the ‘hypervalent’ or multicentre type.
Age-dependent coupling characteristics of bilateral frontal EEG during desflurane anesthesia
Authors: Li Ziyang , Wang Peiqi , Han Licheng , Hao Xinyu , Mi Weidong , Tong Li , Liang Zhenhu
Published: May 2024

Objectives. The purpose of this study is to investigate the age dependence of bilateral frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) coupling characteristics, and find potential age-independent depth of anesthesia monitoring indicators for the elderlies. Approach. We recorded bilateral forehead EEG data from 41 patients (ranged in 19–82 years old), and separated into three age groups: 18–40 years (n = 12); 40–65 years (n = 14), >65 years (n = 15). All these patients underwent desflurane maintained general anesthesia (GA). We analyzed the age-related EEG spectra, phase amplitude coupling (PAC), coherence and phase lag index (PLI) of EEG data in the states of awake, GA, and recovery. Main results. The frontal alpha power shows age dependence in the state of GA maintained by desflurane. Modulation index in slow oscillation-alpha and delta-alpha bands showed age dependence and state dependence in varying degrees, the PAC pattern also became less pronounced with increasing age. In the awake state, the coherence in delta, theta and alpha frequency bands were all significantly higher in the >65 years age group than in the 18–40 years age group (p< 0.05 for three frequency bands). The coherence in alpha-band was significantly enhanced in all age groups in GA (p < 0.01) and then decreased in recovery state. Notably, the PLI in the alpha band was able to significantly distinguish the three states of awake, GA and recovery (p< 0.01) and the results of PLI in delta and theta frequency bands had similar changes to those of coherence. Significance. We found the EEG coupling and synchronization between bilateral forehead are age-dependent. The PAC, coherence and PLI portray this age-dependence. The PLI and coherence based on bilateral frontal EEG functional connectivity measures and PAC based on frontal single-channel are closely associated with anesthesia-induced unconsciousness.
Myocardial infarction detection method based on the continuous T-wave area feature and multi-lead-fusion deep features
Authors: Jiang Mingfeng , Bian Feibiao , Zhang Jucheng , Huang Tianhai , Xia Ling , Chu Yonghua , Wang Zhikang , Jiang Jun
Published: May 2024

Objective. Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most threatening cardiovascular diseases. This paper aims to explore a method for using an algorithm to autonomously classify MI based on the electrocardiogram (ECG). Approach. A detection method of MI that fuses continuous T-wave area (C_TWA) feature and ECG deep features is proposed. This method consists of three main parts: (1) The onset of MI is often accompanied by changes in the shape of the T-wave in the ECG, thus the area of the T-wave displayed on different heartbeats will be quite different. The adaptive sliding window method is used to detect the start and end of the T-wave, and calculate the C_TWA on the same ECG record. Additionally, the coefficient of variation of C_TWA is defined as the C_TWA feature of the ECG. (2) The multi lead fusion convolutional neural network was implemented to extract the deep features of the ECG. (3) The C_TWA feature and deep features of the ECG were fused by soft attention, and then inputted into the multi-layer perceptron to obtain the detection result. Main results. According to the inter-patient paradigm, the proposed method reached a 97.67% accuracy, 96.59% precision, and 98.96% recall on the PTB dataset, as well as reached 93.15% accuracy, 93.20% precision, and 95.14% recall on the clinical dataset. Significance. This method accurately extracts the feature of the C_TWA, and combines the deep features of the signal, thereby improving the detection accuracy and achieving favorable results on clinical datasets.
Investigation on the edge cooling threshold of the density limit in the J-TEXT tokamak with limiter and divertor configurations
Authors: Xu X , Chen Z P , Yang Q H , Wang J M , Guo J l , Yan W , Zhang X L , Wang Y H , Jin Z Y , Gao L , Yang Z J , Zhang X Q , Wang N C , Chen Z Y ,   J-TEXT Team
Published: May 2024

Cooling of the plasma edge is widely considered to be a key element in the density limit (DL) of tokamaks. This paper investigates the critical edge cooling threshold of the DL by exploring various plasma configurations in the joint-Texas experimental tokamak. Notably, significant differences in the edge electron temperature in the vicinity of the last closed flux surface were observed between the limiter and divertor configurations. However, the electron temperature drops to a similar level in the vicinity of q= 3 surface close to DL, independent of the magnetic field configuration. In addition, to evaluate the reliability of the critical edge cooling threshold, experiments were conducted by increasing the carbon impurity content to enhance the edge cooling rate. These experiments involved two approaches to increase the carbon impurity content: methane injection and penetration of a graphite solid source. Results from these experiments indicate that the temperature threshold of the q = 3 surfaces remains consistent even with a stronger edge cooling rate. The consistency observed in the electron temperature threshold near the q = 3 surface, regardless of magnetic configuration or edge cooling rate, could help refine existing theoretical and simulation works and improve the prediction accuracy of the DL disruption.
Experiments and gyrokinetic simulations of TCV plasmas with negative triangularity in view of DTT operations
Authors: Balestri A , Mantica P , Mariani A , Bagnato F , Bolzonella T , Ball J , Coda S , Dunne M , Faitsch M , Innocente P , Muscente P , Sauter O , Vallar M , Viezzer E ,   the TCV Team,   the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team
Published: May 2024

Negative triangularity (NT) scenarios in TCV have been compared to positive triangularity (PT) scenarios using the same plasma shapes foreseen for divertor tokamak test tokamak operations. The experiments provided a NT/PT L-mode pair and a PT H-mode with different heating mixes. Regardless of the heating mix, NT L-modes always reached higher values of plasma pressure with respect to PT L-modes with the same power and recovered the central pressure of PT H-mode scenarios heated with up to twice the injected power. The experimental analysis shows that this enhanced performance in NT is due to larger temperature and density gradients close to the edge (

ρ

t
o
r

=
[
0.8
−
1.0
]

) and higher values of pressure at the separatrix. Local gyrokinetic simulations agree with the experimental results and are able to catch the effect of shaping alone. Integrated modeling performed with ASTRA-TGLF reproduces reasonably well the PT shot but is not able to fully capture the improvements in the NT shot.
Height-modulating horizontal transport of dust particles in a dusty plasma ratchet
Authors: Zhang Shun-xin , Wang Shuo , Yao Ting-yu , Tian Miao , Fan Wei-li , Liu Fu-cheng , He Ya-feng
Published: May 2024

Dust particles are often electrostatically trapped and levitated within the non-electroneutral region of a sheath. The fascinating transport phenomena of dust particles strongly depend on the plasma parameters surrounding them within the sheath, whereas, that are quite difficult to obtain, leading to an unclear understanding of particle transport mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate a tunable horizontal transport of micron-sized dust particles by precisely manipulating their vertically suspended heights in an asymmetric ratchet sheath by designing dusty plasma ratchet. A collection of dust particles serves as micro-probes to detect the height-dependent transport properties and the feature of the sheath. Two methods are employed to lift or reduce the suspended heights of dust particles while maintaining the sheath unchanged. As the suspended heights of dust particles vary, their directional transport changes accordingly, including a flow reversal. A two-dimensional model of the ratchet sheath depicts the nonlinear distributions of plasma parameters and reveals that these unexpected transport phenomena can be attributed to the dependence of the electric ratchet potential and the resulting non-equilibrium net ion drag force on the suspended heights of dust particles. Our combined experimental and theoretical study provides insights into the fundamental transport properties of dust particles in an asymmetrical sheath.
Investigation of a dexterous actuator integrated with magnetorheological bearings towards high switching frequency and fast response
Authors: Zheng Ling , Zhu Shengfeng , Yang Jian , Gong Liping , Li Weihua , Zhang Shiwu , Du Haiping , Sun Shuaishuai
Published: May 2024

Actuators are pivotal for empowering robots to execute a wide array of tasks and adapt to diverse surroundings. However, conventional actuators with a low switching frequency and a prolonged response time significantly comprise the adaptability of robots, restricting them to single operation conditions. This paper presents a solution to this issue by introducing a dexterous actuator integrated with magnetorheological bearings (referred to as MR actuator) for real-time controllable damping. Compared to conventional actuators, the MR actuator boasts exceptional dexterity, featuring a significantly-elevated switching frequency and swifter response time. To validate the remarkable dexterity of this MR actuator, rapid commutation tests and transient response experiments were conducted. Impressively, the MR actuator achieved a stable switching frequency of up to 10 Hz, surpassing that of conventional actuators (2 Hz). Moreover, it demonstrated a reduced response time and a heightened energy efficiency. Beyond robotics, applications of MR actuators are also found in areas requiring an improved machinery precision and production efficiency.
A soft robot tactile fingertip for grasping surface posture detection
Authors: Wang Haojie , Zhou Chao , Li Hangze , Chen Jinmiao , Yu Ping , Chen Changan , Zhang Youzhi
Published: May 2024

The application field of robots is gradually extending from traditional industrial manufacturing to commercial services, medical care and other fields. Stable grasping is a necessary prerequisite for various complex robot application scenarios. The existing research on robot tactile sensor mainly focus on sensing tactile information, such as pressure or sliding. However, grasping surface posture as a tactile information that has a significant impact on the stability of grasping is often ignored. This study proposed a novel soft robot tactile fingertip that can not only detect the grasping force but also simultaneously detect the grasping surface posture. It is capable of recognizing 19 grasping surface postures in real-time using Mamdani fuzzy control method. The soft robot tactile fingertip has a simple structure and easy to fabricate at low cost. The application example of the two-finger mechanical hand using the soft tactile fingertip samples for stable grasping was demonstrated. This study shows that the soft robot tactile fingertip has great application prospects in the field of robot intelligent grasping.
Effect of Ti content on abnormal grain growth of Fe–Mn–Al–Ni–Ti shape memory alloy
Authors: Wang Qinghao , Cui Ye , Li Xinghao , Wu Pulin , Wang Haosheng , Zhang Zhongwu
Published: May 2024

In this paper, the effects of Ti content on the solvus temperature of γ-phase and abnormal grain growth (AGG) in Fe43.5−x
Mn34Al15Ni7.5Ti
x
(x = 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5) shape memory alloys (SMAs) were investigated. It is found that, the increase of Ti content leads to a significant reduction of the solvus temperature of γ-phase, a significant refinement of γ-phase, and a decrease of subgrain size. After 3 times cyclic heat treatments, the average grain size of Fe42Mn34Al15Ni7.5Ti1.5 SMA reaches about 9.0 mm, which is about twice of that for Fe42.5Mn34Al15Ni7.5Ti1 SMA. This is attributed to the small subgrains can provide a higher subgrain boundary energy (ΔG
s) and grain boundary (GB) migration rate. The subgrain size of Fe42Mn34Al15Ni7.5Ti1.5 SMA (9.7 μm) is significantly smaller than that of Fe42.5Mn34Al15Ni7.5Ti1 SMA (21.3 μm). Thereby, the ΔG
s (15.3 × 10−2 J mol−1) and GB migration rate (11.3 × 10−6 m s−1) of Fe42Mn34Al15Ni7.5Ti1.5 SMA are significantly higher than those of Fe42.5Mn34Al15Ni7.5Ti1 SMA (7.1 × 10−2 J mol−1, 6.3 × 10−6 m s−1). In addition, when the applied strain was up to 10%, the maximum superelastic strain of Fe42Mn34Al15Ni7.5Ti1.5 and Fe42.5Mn34Al15Ni7.5Ti1 were 5.5% and 5.1%, respectively. In summary, the addition of 1.5 at.% Ti in Fe–Mn–Al–Ni–Ti SMA can promote the AGG with relatively small loss in superelasticity.
Riemann-Hilbert approach and double-pole solutions for the third-order flow equation of DNLS-type equation with nonzero boundary conditions
Authors: Qin Yue , Huang Ye-Hui , Yao Yuqin , Zhang Juan
Published: May 2024

In this paper, the Riemann-Hilbert approach is applied to study a third-order flow equation of derivative nonlinear Schrödinger-type equation with nonzero boundary conditions. By utilizing the analytical, symmetric, and asymptotic properties of eigenfunctions, a generalized Riemann-Hilbert problem is formulated for the third-order flow equation of derivative nonlinear Schrödinger-type equation with nonzero boundary conditions. The formulas of N-soliton solutions for cases of single pole and double poles are given. We present some kinds of soliton solutions of these two cases according to different distributions of spectral parameters to study the dynamical behavior of them.
Chaos generation of superconducting quantum bits coupled with LC resonant circuits
Authors: Lu Lian-E , Wu Jian-Zhuang , Ma Yong-Hong
Published: May 2024

The dynamics of chaos have been widely used in nonlinear science, such as neural networks, extreme event statistics, and the biophysics of chaos self-organization. Superconducting qubits are artificial atoms based on the Josephson junction structure of nonlinear superconducting devices, offering high design flexibility and ease of coupling and control. In this paper, the generation of chaos through the coupling between superconducting qubits and LC resonant circuits is investigated. By varying the ratio of Josephson energy to charge energy, the coupling coefficient, and the energy of the external driving field, the generation and control of chaos within the system are numerically analyzed. This study provides theoretical support for parameter selection ensuring the confidentiality and fidelity of quantum information transmission based on the chaotic dynamics of superconducting qubits.
Penetration depth and critical fields in superconducting NbTi thin films grown by co-sputtering at room temperature
Authors: Lee Yeonkyu , Yun Jinyoung , Lee Chanyoung , Sirena M , Kim Jeehoon , Haberkorn N
Published: May 2024

We present a study on the superconducting properties of 300 nm thick NbTi thin films grown by co-sputtering on silicon substrates at room temperature. The samples exhibit a Nb (50 at%) and Ti (50 at%) chemical composition, revealing a polycrystalline structure textured along the (110) axis of the body-centered cubic structure. The measured superconducting critical temperature (T

c
) was 9.65 K, and the upper critical field extrapolated to zero temperature reached approximately 15 T, resulting in a coherence length at zero temperature of approximately 4.7 nm. The penetration depth was determined through local magnetic force microscopy measurements conducted at temperatures from 4.25 to 7 K. The obtained values range from (250 ± 15) nm at 4.25 K to (370 ± 20) nm at 7 K. Extrapolating these measurements to zero temperature, we obtained an estimated value of (230 ± 20) nm. To extend the performance and potential applications of NbTi, we additionally grew a 150 nm thick sample on flexible polyimide. In this case, we observed that the films preserved their superconducting properties, displaying a decrease in T

c
to 9.2 K and a similar upper critical field compared to samples grown on silicon. The feasibility of growing NbTi alloys at room temperature, with superconducting parameters comparable to or superior to metallic Nb for the upper critical field, renders this system promising for cryogenic applications, particularly in the development of high-performance electronic devices on both rigid and flexible substrates.
Dynamically tunable terahertz multi-band perfect absorber based on photosensitive silicon
Authors: Gao Jiajun , Zhao Lu , Zhang Ziyi , Liu Shuhao , Li Ruomeng , Mu Kaijun , Zhang Bin , Wang Junqiao
Published: May 2024

A tunable narrowband terahertz absorber is proposed based on the photosensitive characteristics of silicon. When silicon is insulating without the pump beam, the absorber realizes three-frequency absorption at 0.731 THz, 1.145 THz, and 1.546 THz with absorptivity of 99.43%, 99.99%, and 99.98%, respectively. When the silicon is excited by the pump beam, it is conducting, and the absorber realizes double-frequency absorption at 0.852 THz, 1.536 THz, with 99.99% and 99.31%. The impedance matching theory explains the perfect absorption, and the electric field and surface current distributions are further discussed to elaborate the physical mechanisms. In addition, the effect of geometric parameters on the absorptivity is discussed. The absorber exhibits wide-angle absorption characteristics when light is polarized along the y-direction, and the absorptivity exhibits weak dependence on the polarization angle. The proposed absorber has promising applications in electromagnetic cloaking, narrow-band thermal radiation, and optoelectronic detection.
Traversable wormholes from Loop Quantum Gravity
Authors: Cruz M.B. , Neves R.M.P. , Muniz Celio R.
Published: May 2024

This study introduces and investigates Lorentzian traversable wormhole solutions rooted in Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG). The static and spherically symmetric solutions to be examined stem from the energy density sourcing self-dual regular black holes discovered by L. Modesto, relying on the parameters associated with LQG, which account for the quantum nature of spacetime. We specifically focus on macroscopic wormholes characterized by small values of these parameters. Our analysis encompasses zero-tidal solutions and those with non-constant redshift functions, exploring immersion diagrams, curvatures, energy conditions, equilibrium requirements, and the requisite quantity of exotic matter to sustain these wormholes. The investigation underscores the influence of LQG parameters on these features, highlighting the pivotal role of spacetime's quantum properties in shaping such objects and governing their behavior.
Forecast cosmological constraints from the number counts of Gravitational Waves events
Authors: Antinozzi Giovanni , Martinelli Matteo , Maoli Roberto
Published: May 2024

We present a forecast for the upcoming Einstein Telescope (ET) interferometer with two new
methods to infer cosmological parameters. We consider the emission of Gravitational Waves (GWs)
from compact binary coalescences, whose electromagnetic counterpart is missing, namely Dark Sirens
events. Most of the methods used to infer cosmological information from GW observations rely on
the availability of a redshift measurement, usually obtained with the help of external data, such
as galaxy catalogues used to identify the most likely galaxy to host the emission of the observed
GWs. Instead, our approach is based only on the GW survey itself and exploits the information on
the distance of the GW rather than on its redshift. Since a large dataset spanning the whole
distance interval is expected to fully represent the distribution, we applied our methods to the
expected ET's far-reaching measuring capabilities. We simulate a dataset of observations with ET
using the package darksirens, assuming an underlying ΛCDM cosmology, and
including the possibility to choose between three possible Star Formation Rate density (SFR)
models, also accounting for possible population III stars (PopIII). We test two independent
statistical methods: one based on a likelihood approach on the theoretical expectation of observed
events, and another applying the cut-and-count method, a simpler method to compare the
observed number of events with the predicted counts. Both methods are consistent in their final
results, and also show the potential to distinguish an incorrect SFR model from the
data, but not the presence of a possible PopIII. Concerning the cosmological parameters, we find
instead that ET observations by themselves would suffer from strong degeneracies, but have the
potential to significantly contribute to parameter estimation if used in synergy with
other surveys.
Interface state-based bound states in continuum and below-continuum-resonance modes with high-Q factors in the rotational periodic system
Authors: Yang 杨 Jialing 嘉玲 , Shi 史 Aoqian 奥芊 , Peng 彭 Yuchen 宇宸 , Peng 彭 Peng 鹏 , Liu 刘 Jianjun 建军
Published: May 2024

We have introduced a new approach to calculate the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of bound states in continuum (BICs) and below-continuum-resonance (BCR) modes in the rotational periodic system nested inside and outside by transforming the Bloch wave number from the translational periodic system. We extensively classify and study these BICs and BCR modes, which exhibit high-quality (high-Q) factors, in different regions relative to the interface of the system. These BICs and BCR modes with a high-Q factor have been studied in detail based on distinctive structural parameters and scattering theory. The outcomes of this research break the periodic limitation of interface state-based BICs, and realize more and higher symmetry interface state-based BICs and BCR modes. Moreover, we can control the region where light is captured by adjusting the frequency, and show that the Q factor of BICs is more closely related to the ordinal number of rings and the rotational symmetry number of the system.
Design and beam dynamics simulation of an 8 MeV compact accelerator-driven neutron source
Authors: Chen G.X. , Ma W. , Wang C.Y. , Zhang Z.Y. , Zou L.P. , Yang Z. , Yang J.H. , Lu L.
Published: May 2024

A compact accelerator-driven neutron source is proposed at
Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun
Yat-Sen University, called Sun Yat-Sen University Proton Accelerator
Facility (SYSU-PAFA). The proton accelerator is composed of a proton
electron cyclotron resonance source, a four-vane radio frequency
quadrupole (RFQ), and an alternative phase focusing drift tube linac
(APF-DTL). It can accelerate 10 mA proton beam to 8 MeV. Due to
the high current, beam matching is particularly important. In order
to achieve beam matching between various components, beam transport
sections are needed. The beam transport line is divided into three
segments. The Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) ensures that the beam
parameters are matched before entering the RFQ. The Medium Energy
Beam Transport (MEBT) segment efficiently transfers the beam between
the RFQ and DTL. The High Energy Beam Transport (HEBT) focuses on
transporting the beam to the targets. The design goal of beam
transport line is as short as possible while ensuring high
efficiency of beam transportation. SYSU-PAFA has an overall
transmission efficiency of 99%, with optimal transverse matching
conditions between beam transport and RFQ or DTL accelerators. The
efficient use of solenoids and magnets allows for a compact
transmission section, resulting in a total length of 13.6 meters,
shorter than most accelerators at the same beam energy. This paper
will provide the detailed beam dynamics of the compact accelerator.
One large area trigger detector for cosmic ray telescope system
Authors: Liu Wenchang , Wang Liping , Ji Shulong , Feng Cunfeng
Published: May 2024

The large area trigger detector is a key instrument in cosmic ray telescope system. One large area detector, sensitive size 1.3 * 2 m2, is proposed in this paper based on plastic scintillator tiles and wavelength shift optical fibers. Thanks to the wavelength shift fibers coupling to the scintillator tiles, only one photomultiplier tube is used to output the signals for whole large area detector. So this detector is simple and economy. The signal uniformity of this detector is better than 96% over the whole surface including the edges or corners. The detection efficiency of the muon is higher than 95%, and the time resolution is better than 10 ns over the entire detector. These performances are sufficient for the trigger detector in most cosmic ray telescope system.
Progressive enhanced photodynamic therapy and enhanced chemotherapy fighting against malignant tumors with sequential drug release
Authors: Yang Yibo , Zhang Xin , Bai Zhimin , Cui Zutong , Liang Wenming , Zhang Jia , Li Kun , Shi Ming , Liu Zhiwei , Wang Jidong , Li Jian
Published: May 2024

During the process of malignant tumor treatment, photodynamic therapy (PDT) exerts poor efficacy due to the hypoxic environment of the tumor cells, and long-time chemotherapy reduces the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy drugs due to the presence of drug-resistant proteins on the cell membranes for drug outward transportation. Therefore, we reported a nano platform based on mesoporous silica coated with polydopamine (MSN@PDA) loading PDT enhancer MnO2, photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) and chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) (designated as DMPIM) to achieve a sequential release of different drugs to enhance treatment of malignant tumors. MSN was first synthesized by a template method, then DOX was loaded into the mesoporous channels of MSN, and locked by the PDA coating. Next, ICG was modified by π–π stacking on PDA, and finally, MnO2 layer was accumulated on the surface of DOX@MSN@PDA- ICG@MnO2, achieving orthogonal loading and sequential release of different drugs. DMPIM first generated oxygen (O2) through the reaction between MnO2 and H2O2 after entering tumor cells, alleviating the hypoxic environment of tumors and enhancing the PDT effect of sequentially released ICG. Afterwards, ICG reacted with O2 in tumor tissue to produce reactive oxygen species, promoting lysosomal escape of drugs and inactivation of p-glycoprotein (p-gp) on tumor cell membranes. DOX loaded in the MSN channels exhibited a delay of approximately 8 h after ICG release to exert the enhanced chemotherapy effect. The drug delivery system achieved effective sequential release and multimodal combination therapy, which achieved ideal therapeutic effects on malignant tumors. This work offers a route to a sequential drug release for advancing the treatment of malignant tumors.
Regional potential of coastal ocean alkalinization with olivine within 100 years
Authors: Ramasamy Murugan , Amann Thorben , Moosdorf Nils
Published: May 2024

The spreading of crushed olivine-rich rocks in coastal seas to accelerate weathering reactions sequesters atmospheric CO2 and reduces atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Their weathering rates depend on different factors, including temperature and the reaction surface area. Therefore, this study investigates the variations in olivine-based enhanced weathering rates across 13 regional coasts worldwide. In addition, it assesses the CO2 sequestration within 100 years and evaluates the maximum net-sequestration potential based on varying environmental conditions. Simulations were conducted using the geochemical thermodynamic equilibrium modeling software PHREEQC. A sensitivity analysis was performed, exploring various combinations of influencing parameters, including grain size, seawater temperature, and chemistry. The findings reveal significant variation in CO2 sequestration, ranging from 0.13 to 0.94 metric tons (t) of CO2 per ton of distributed olivine-rich rocks over 100 years. Warmer coastal regions exhibit higher CO2 sequestration capacities than temperate regions, with a difference of 0.4 t CO2/t olivine distributed. Sensitivity analysis shows that smaller grain sizes (10 µm) exhibit higher net CO2 sequestration rates (0.87 t/t) in olivine-based enhanced weathering across all conditions, attributed to their larger reactive surface area. However, in warmer seawater temperatures, olivine with slightly larger grain sizes (50 and 100 µm) displays still larger net CO2 sequestration rates (0.97 and 0.92 t/t), optimizing the efficiency of CO2 sequestration while reducing grinding energy requirements. While relying on a simplified sensitivity analysis that does not capture the full complexity of real-world environmental dynamics, this study contributes to understanding the variability and optimization of enhanced weathering for CO2 sequestration, supporting its potential as a sustainable CO2 removal strategy.
The spectrum of asymptotic Cayley trees
Authors: Durhuus Bergfinnur , Jonsson Thordur , Wheater John
Published: May 2024

We characterize the spectrum of the transition matrix for simple random walk on graphs consisting of a finite graph with a finite number of infinite Cayley trees attached. We show that there is a continuous spectrum identical to that for a Cayley tree and, in general, a non-empty pure point spectrum. We apply our results to studying continuous time quantum walk on these graphs. If the pure point spectrum is nonempty the walk is in general confined with a nonzero probability.
On the structure factor of jammed particle configurations on the one-dimensional lattice
Authors: Luck Jean-Marc
Published: May 2024

A broad class of blocked or jammed configurations of particles on the one-dimensional lattice can be characterized in terms of local rules involving only the lengths of clusters of particles (occupied sites) and of holes (empty sites). Examples of physical relevance include the metastable states reached by the zero-temperature dynamics of kinetically constrained spin chains, the attractors of totally irreversible processes such as random sequential adsorption, and arrays of Rydberg atoms in the blockade regime. The configurational entropy of ensembles of such blocked configurations has been investigated recently by means of an approach inspired from the theory of stochastic renewal processes. This approach provides a valuable alternative to the more traditional transfer-matrix formalism. We show that the renewal approach is also an efficient tool to investigate a range of observables in uniform ensembles of blocked configurations, besides their configurational entropy. The main emphasis is on their structure factor and correlation function.
Biomimetic gradient scaffolds for the tissue engineering and regeneration of rotator cuff enthesis
Authors: Chen Yang , Li Yexin , Zhu Weihong , Liu Qian
Published: May 2024

Rotator cuff tear is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders, which often results in recurrent shoulder pain and limited movement. Enthesis is a structurally complex and functionally critical interface connecting tendon and bone that plays an essential role in maintaining integrity of the shoulder joint. Despite the availability of advanced surgical procedures for rotator cuff repair, there is a high rate of failure following surgery due to suboptimal enthesis healing and regeneration. Novel strategies based on tissue engineering are gaining popularity in improving tendon-bone interface (TBI) regeneration. Through incorporating physical and biochemical cues into scaffold design which mimics the structure and composition of native enthesis is advantageous to guide specific differentiation of seeding cells and facilitate the formation of functional tissues. In this review, we summarize the current state of research in enthesis tissue engineering highlighting the development and application of biomimetic scaffolds that replicate the gradient TBI. We also discuss the latest techniques for fabricating potential translatable scaffolds such as 3D bioprinting and microfluidic device. While preclinical studies have demonstrated encouraging results of biomimetic gradient scaffolds, the translation of these findings into clinical applications necessitates a comprehensive understanding of their safety and long-term efficacy.