bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An overview of 33 years of trends in space weather research: a bibliometric analysis (1988-2021)
Authors: Asraf Hairuddin Muhammad , Zainuddin Aznilinda , Iffah Abd Latiff Zatul , Mohd Anuar Nornabilah , Dalila Khirul Ashar Nur , Sharizat Hamidi Zety , Hassan Nordin Abu , Ihsan Mohd Yassin Ahmad , Yoshikawa Akimasa , Huzaimy Jusoh Mohamad
Published: November 2024

Space weather (SpW) is a phenomenon caused by a variety of solar events and has the potential to disrupt infrastructure systems and technology, putting them at risk. Despite SpW’s immense impact, there has been a notable absence of bibliometric analysis studies to understand the research trends, regional distribution, social structure, conceptual structure, and knowledge gaps. This review synthesized scopus documents of SpW domain from 1988 to 2021. In this study, three tools were used, such as Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, and Harzing’s Publish or Perish for statistical analysis, graphical presentation, and citation metrics, respectively. Based on the 3,956 articles, roughly 70% of the articles were published in the last ten years, reveals a rapid growth in SpW research. The study discovered that China ranked third in publication volume, following the United States and the United Kingdom with Russian Federation following closely in fourth place. This study also presents six key findings, including the growth pattern of publications, contributions, and authorship collaboration by countries, most productive and influenced authors, co-authorship status, most influenced journals and articles, research cluster and new SpW subtopics discovered. These findings provide useful insight and aid in the advancement and progress of this field.
DEMNET NeuroDeep: Alzheimer detection using electroencephalogram and deep learning
Authors: M. Joshi Vaishali , P. Dandavate Prajkta , Rashmi R. , R. Shinde Gitanjali , D. Kulkarni Deepthi , Mirajkar Riddhi
Published: November 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) stands out as the most prevalent neurological brain disorder, and its diagnosis relies on various laboratory techniques. The electroencephalogram (EEG) emerges as a valuable tool for identifying AD, offering a quick, cost-effective, and readily accessible means of detecting early-stage dementia. Detecting AD in its early stages is crucial, as early intervention yields more successful outcomes and entails fewer risks than treating the disease at a later stage. The objective of this research is to create an advanced diagnosis system for AD using machine learning (ML) and EEG data. The proposed system utilizes a multilayer perceptron (MLP) and a deep neural network with bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) as the classifier. The feature extraction process involves incorporating Hjorth parameters, power spectral density (PSD), differential asymmetry (DASM), and differential entropy (DE). The BiLSTM classifier, particularly when combined with DE, exhibits outstanding performance with an accuracy of 97.27%. This amalgamation of DE and the deep neural network surpasses current state-of-the-art techniques, underscoring the substantial potential of this approach for precise and advanced diagnosis of AD.
Expert judgment, limitation inference, and threshold values to optimize diagnosis in eye diseases expert system
Authors: Wahyudi Oktavia Gama Adie , Gede Hendra Divayana Dewa , Gusti Ngurah Darma Paramartha I , Made Widnyani Ni
Published: November 2024

This research aimed to develop an optimal expert system by adopting a simplified approach. The methodology integrates an expert judgment approach, limitation inference, and establishing a threshold value. Expert judgment is pivotal in assigning a percentage weight to each rule, facilitating a nuanced evaluation of diagnostic criteria to augment the system's precision. Moreover, incorporating limitation inference strategically constrains the number of user inquiries, streamlining the diagnostic process and enhancing overall efficiency. Additionally, the imposition of a threshold value ensures a more precise early diagnosis by delineating specific criteria for condition identification. This comprehensive approach underscores the paramount importance of user experience and aims to alleviate the burden on individuals seeking a diagnosis. Ultimately, the anticipated outcome of this study is the development of an expert system poised to deliver early diagnoses with heightened efficiency and accuracy. By integrating expert judgment, limitation inference, and threshold values, this research embodies a refined and user-centric paradigm for eye disease diagnosis, promising significant advancements in global eye health.
Integration of genetic algorithm and mesoscopic modeling for the optimization of membrane separation processes
Authors: Umarova Zhanat , Makhanova Zlikha , Zhumatayev Nurlybek , Kopzhassarova Asylzat , Suieuova Nabat , Imanbayeva Aigul , Yegenova Aliya
Published: November 2024

This article is dedicated to the development of an innovative approach to optimizing membrane separation processes. The paper introduces the integration of a genetic algorithm (GA) and mesoscopic modeling to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of process parameter optimization. The GA is employed for evolutionary search of optimal parameters, such as pressure, temperature, and membrane material characteristics. The use of evolutionary principles allows for efficient exploration of parameter space, identifying optimal solutions. Mesoscopic modeling serves as a tool for detailed analysis and visualization of membrane separation processes. It involves modeling the interaction of molecules with the membrane surface, enabling a more accurate consideration of the physicochemical aspects of the process. The integration of the GA and mesoscopic modeling creates a unique tool for membrane separation process optimization. The developed approach contributes not only to improving component separation efficiency but also to minimizing energy consumption. The method presented in the article has been successfully tested on model membrane process systems and demonstrated significant improvements compared to traditional optimization methods. The research results confirm the potential of the proposed approach for application in membrane technology industries, opening new perspectives in the field of separation process optimization.
Improved quantum inspired evolution algorithm with ResNet50 for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Mochigar Srikantha Kandhgal , Matad Rohitha Ujjini
Published: November 2024

Spectrum is considered one of the most highly regulated and limited natural resources. Cognitive radio (CR) relies on cutting-edge technology which helps to rectify the issues related to spectrum shortage in wireless communication systems. The CR technology allows the secondary user to accomplish the process related to spectrum sensing for identifying the usage of spectrum in the cognitive radio network (CRN). Though various spectrum sensing approaches are introduced, they exhibit complexity during spectrum sensing. To overcome the issues related to spectrum sensing and utilization, this research introduces improved quantum inspired evolution (IQISE) algorithm with ResNet 50 architecture. The IQISE-ResNet 50 which helps to enhance the spectrum efficiency is used in spectrum sensing. The detection of occupied and unoccupied users in CRN is performed using ResNet 50 architecture, while the IQISE is utilized in the process of training the model and optimizing the weights to enhance spectrum sensing efficiency. The experimental results show that the results achieved by the proposed approach are more effective than S-QRNN and honey badger remora optimization-based AlexNet (HBRO-based AlexNet). For example, the probability of correct classification of the proposed approach at -10 dB for binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation is 0.55, whereas the S-QRNN achieves an accuracy of 0.49.
Optimizing neural radiance field: a comprehensive review of the impact of different optimizers on neural radiance fields
Authors: Pinjarkar Latika , Nittala Aditya , P. Mattada Mahantesh , Pinjarkar Vedant , Neole Bhumika , Kogundi Math Manisha
Published: November 2024

Neural radiance field (NeRF) is a form of deep learning model that may be used to depict 3D scenes from a collection of photos. It has been demonstrated that NeRF can produce photorealistic photographs of fresh perspectives on a scene even from a small number of input images. However, the optimizer that is employed can have a significant impact on the quality of the final reconstruction. Finding an effective optimizer is one of the biggest challenges while learning NeRF models. The optimizer is responsible for making changes to the model's parameters to minimize the discrepancy between the model's predictions and the actual data. We cover the many optimizers that have been used to train NeRF models in this study. We present research results contrasting the effectiveness of multiple optimizers and examine the benefits and drawbacks of each optimizer. For training NeRF models, four different optimizers viz. Adaptive moment estimation (Adam), AdamW, root mean square propagation (RMSProp), and adaptive gradient (Adagrad) are trained. The most effective optimizer for a given assignment will vary depending on a variety of elements, including the size of the dataset, the complexity of the scene, and the level of accuracy that is required.
A novel recommender system for adapting single machine problems to distributed systems within MapReduce
Authors: Orynbekova Kamila , Kadyrov Shirali , Bogdanchikov Andrey , Oktamov Saidakmal
Published: November 2024

This research introduces a novel recommender system for adapting single-machine problems to distributed systems within the MapReduce (MR) framework, integrating knowledge and text-based approaches. Categorizing common problems by five MR categories, the study develops and tests a tutorial with promising results. Expanding the dataset, machine learning models recommend solutions for distributed systems. Results demonstrate the logistic regression model's effectiveness, with a hybrid approach showing adaptability. The study contributes to advancing the adaptation of single-machine problems to distributed systems MR, presenting a novel framework for tailored recommendations, thereby enhancing scalability and efficiency in data processing workflows. Additionally, it fosters innovation in distributed computing paradigms.
Analysis of human emotions through speech using deep learning fusion technique for Industry 5.0
Authors: Anil Kumar Chevella , Sagar Reddy Vumanthala , Pravallika Ambati , Y. Chalapathi Rao , Syamala Neelam
Published: November 2024

Emotions are important for human well-being and social connections. This work focuses on the issue of effectively understanding emotions in human speech, specifically in the context of Industry 5.0. Traditional approaches and machine learning (ML) techniques for identifying emotions in speech are limited, such as the requirement for complicated feature extraction. Traditional methods yield recognition accuracies of no more than 90% because to the restricted extraction of temporal/sequence information. This paper suggests a ground-breaking fusion-based deep learning (DL) method to overcome these limitations. Specifically, one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) convolution neural network (CNN) can automatically extract significant characteristics and handle enormous datasets in real time. Furthermore, a fusion-based DL network, speech emotion recognition deep learning fusion network (SER_DLFNet), has been proposed, which combines CNN with long short-term memory (LSTM) to collect sequence information and increase recognition accuracy. The proposed model shows impressive results, with a test accuracy of 95.52% on the ryerson audio-visual database of emotional speech and song (RAVDESS) dataset. This research contributes to the advancement of more precise and efficient emotion identification algorithms for voice analysis, especially within the framework of Industry 5.0.
An opinionated sentiment analysis using a rule-based method
Authors: Zeleke Mekonen Mareye , Assegie Tsehay Admassu , Palit Shamik , Kalyan Kumar Angati , Sinha Roy Chandrima , Priya Kompala Chandi , Kumar Napa Komal
Published: November 2024

The categorization of opinions into positive, negative, or neutral facilitates information gathering, pinpointing individual weaknesses, and streamlining the decision-making process. Precision in opinion classification enables decision-makers to extract valuable insights, make well-informed decisions, and execute suitable actions. Sentiment analysis is language-specific due to the distinct morphological structures unique to each language, distinguishing them from one another. This study implemented a rule-based sentiment analysis approach for Kafi-noonoo opinionated texts, leveraging a rule-based system tailored for smaller datasets that operate based on a predefined set of rules. The rule-based mechanism calculates the overall polarity of a given sentence by applying a set of rules and categorizes it into positive, negative, or neutral sentiments upon identifying sentimental terms from a dedicated file. While the analysis utilized 1,500 words sourced from Facebook and music review samples, the modest sample size yielded satisfactory results. Performance evaluation metrics such as precision, recall, and F-measure were employed, indicating positive word scores of 91%, 86%, and 88.4%, and negative word scores of 80%, 75%, and 77%, respectively.
Variable loaded brushless DC motor with six step commutation PID-based speed controller optimized by PSO algorithm
Authors: Pangerang Fitriaty , Arya Samman Faizal , Zainuddin Zahir , S. Sadjad Rhiza
Published: November 2024

This research presents a method for regulating varying voltage as a DC source in a six-step commutation brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive through control proportional integral derivative (PID) as a simple strategy for controlling the speed of BLDC motors. Strengthening the control gain uses the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm by minimizing the root mean square error (RMSE) and overshoot as fitness control characteristics. The performance of the motor with the proposed controller is analyzed and compared with an experimentally-simulated-tuned PID, hybrid gray wolf optimization–proportional integral (GWO-PI), and hybrid horse herd PSO-PID (HHH PSO-PID) under changing load and speed conditions. Simulation using compose-psim altair software. Control system response parameters such as RMSE, overshoot, electromagnetic torque ripple, and phase current ripple are measured and compared with the above controllers. The results show that the proposed controller is superior to a wide range of predefined system responses.
X-band and Ku-band PIN diode loaded reflectarray unit cells with adaptive frequency switching
Authors: Inam Abbasi Muhamamad , Dali Khan Sher , Hashim Dahri Muhammad , Mohd Ibrahim Imran , Hafizah Sulaiman Noor
Published: November 2024

The fast advancement of intelligent new applications has led to the creation of high-performance antennas. Reflectarrays (RAs), also known as planar reflectors, are seen as promising antennas for several such modern-day applications. This work presents a comprehensive investigation of frequency switchable RA antennas operating in the X-band and Ku-band frequency ranges. Various strategic configurations of combined slots have been suggested, using integrated P-layer, I-layer, and N-layer (PIN) diodes, with the purpose of creating unit cells in RAs that may switch frequencies and exhibit a gradual change in phase distribution. The frequency variation achieved in X-band for the ON state of PIN diodes is from 8.13 GHz to 11.69 GHz, whereas for the OFF state it is from 8.13 GHz to 11.68 GHz. Similarly, for Ku-band ON and OFF states of PIN diodes provided frequency variations of 13.6 GHz to 17.1 Ghz and 12.8 Ghz to 16.6 GHz respectively. Frequency tunability of 0.85 GHz and 0.72 GHz has been successfully achieved in X-band and Ku-band.
O horror sci-fi feminista de "O homem invisível" (2020)
Authors: Markendorf Marcio , Jardim Nadege Ferreira Rodrigues
Published: November 2024

This paper examines the film The Invisible Man (2020), directed and written by Leigh Whannell, emphasizing its metaphors regarding abusive relationships and gaslighting. Additionally, it explores how the narrative reflects contemporary social and gender issues. The audiovisual plot is compared to typical horror fiction narrative tropes, such as the extrapolating scientist and the intricate discovery, in order to highlight how the female protagonist becomes a victim of a form of violence that eludes proof, thereby metaphorizing the invisibility of abusive male aggression in a patriarchal society.
De tremores medonhos a risos lúgubres: O Fantasma de Canterville como paródia do gótico
Authors: Fernandes Auricélio Soares
Published: November 2024

Este artigo objetiva discutir o conto O fantasma de Canterville, de Oscar Wilde, publicado originalmente em 1887, focando numa leitura crítica que discute a paródia de elementos estéticos da literatura de tradição gótica. Nessa narrativa, Wilde recorre a clichês, elementos do espaço narrativo e da atmosfera e personagens comuns do romance gótico, mas subverte-os, transformando-os em recursos do cômico através da ironia e homenageando toda a tradição gótica inglesa anterior ao seu tempo. O estudo baseia-se em concepções teóricas sobre a paródia moderna e pós-moderna a partir de considerações de Linda Hutcheon (1978) e Walter Moser (1992).
Contemporary Outcomes of TAVR Using a Balloon-Expandable Valve in Patients With Severe Mitral Stenosis: Insights From the Transcatheter Valve Therapies Registry
Authors: Kumar Anirudh , Ahmad Imran N. , Flaherty James D. , Nagaraja Vinayak , Huded Chetan P. , Reed Grant W. , Puri Rishi , Rassi Andrew N. , Goel Sachin S. , Jneid Hani , McCabe James M. , Guerrero Mayra , Zahr Firas , Krishnaswamy Amar , Kapadia Samir R.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

While initial data for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in aortic stenosis patients with mitral stenosis (MS) suggested a poor short-term prognosis, outcomes for contemporary balloon-expandable valves remain unknown. The aim of this retrospective multicenter registry study was to compare the potential impact of MS on TAVR outcomes with balloon-expandable valves.

METHODS:

Society of Thoracic Surgeons/American College of Cardiology Transcatheter Valve Therapies Registry and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services claims data were used to obtain a cohort of 327 925 patients who underwent TAVR with current balloon-expandable valves (SAPIEN 3, SAPIEN 3 Ultra, or SAPIEN 3 Ultra Resilia) between June 2015 and December 2022 across 791 sites. Severe MS (defined as >10 mm Hg mean gradient or <1.5 cm
2
area) was compared with mild or less MS (defined as <5 mm Hg mean gradient and >2 cm
2
area) using propensity matching to minimize confounding variables.

RESULTS:

Patients with severe MS (n=8500; 2.6%) had a higher number of comorbid conditions, Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk scores, and were more often women than patients with mild or less MS at the time of index TAVR. While patients with severe MS had worse outcomes at 30 days, when propensity-matched, patients exhibited similar 30-day rates of death (3.2% versus 3.0%), stroke (2.4% versus 2.2%), major vascular complications (1.6% versus 1.6%), device implant success (98.9% versus 99.2%), and new dialysis (0.7% versus 0.5%), with higher rates of pacemaker implantation (11.3% versus 9.4%;
P
<0.001). By 1 year, there was no difference in the change in the KCCQ (Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire) overall score from baseline to 1 year (30.7±27.0 versus 31.9±27.0;
P
=0.07). By 3 years, an increase in the mortality rate (45.1% versus 40.9%;
P
<0.001) of patients with severe MS was observed.

CONCLUSIONS:

MS in isolation is not associated with worsened short-term outcomes among patients undergoing contemporary TAVR with balloon-expandable valves.
Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis in Patients Referred to a Genetic Testing Program
Authors: Bhatt Kunal , Delgado Diego H. , Khella Sami , Bumma Naresh , Karam Chafic , Keller Andrew , Rosen Andrew M. , Bozas Ana , Shea Amy , Towne Meghan C. , Polfus Linda M. , Kaeser Gwendolyn E. , Sanjurjo Victoria , Shah Keyur B.
Published: November 2024

Background

Diagnosis of hereditary amyloid transthyretin (hATTR) amyloidosis with cardiomyopathy is frequently delayed, in large part because of symptom overlap with other cardiovascular diseases and limited provider knowledge of this disease. The sponsored and provider referred hATTR Compass Genetic Testing Program (Ionis, Carlsbad, CA; Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA) provided no‐cost genetic testing to adults with a family history or clinical suspicion of hATTR amyloidosis. This study aims to characterize patients with hATTR amyloidosis and increase awareness of genetic testing for hATTR.

Methods and Results

Patients were referred to the hATTR genetic testing program, and a cross‐sectional post hoc analysis was performed. A pathogenic
TTR
variant was identified in 1503 (6.6%) of 22 886 patients referred for genetic testing between June 2018 and March 2022. Patients were identified in all US states, 3 US territories, and Canada. Median age at testing was 63 years, and 44% were female. The p.V142I
TTR
variant was the most common (n=1263, 84.0%). Only 32% of patients with a pathogenic
TTR
variant reported a known family history; a lower percentage of Black individuals reported a known family history compared with other racial and ethnic groups. Black patients accounted for 23.7% of all patients referred and 81.9% of patients with the p.V142I variant.

Conclusions

This sponsored genetic testing program identified a large number of patients with a pathogenic
TTR
variant, notably, in geographic regions not previously reported, and demographic groups that are historically underrepresented in the literature.
Pulsatile Vascular Afterload Measurement Improves Prediction of Right‐Sided Heart Dysfunction in Undifferentiated and Left‐Sided Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Hungerford Sara Louise , Kearney Katherine , Li Christina , Song Ning , Everett Kay , Gulati Gaurav , Olsen Nicholas , Lau Edmund , Jabbour Andrew , Bart Nicole , Kotlyar Eugene , Muller David , Hayward Christopher , Kapur Navin , Adji Audrey
Published: November 2024

Background

The association between raised pulmonary artery pressures, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), and right‐sided heart dysfunction is well recognized. The added value of pulsatile indices, specifically pulmonary arterial compliance (PAC) and characteristic impedance, remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the optimal vascular afterload model for predicting right‐sided heart dysfunction in newly diagnosed pulmonary hypertension (PH).

METHODS AND RESULTS

This was a prospective cohort study of 86 patients with suspected PH (60±16 years; 66 women) who underwent right‐sided heart catheterization and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Right ventricular end‐diastolic volume index (RVEDVi) and right atrial (RA) volume index were measured using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Vascular resistance, PAC, and characteristic impedance were measured using pulmonary artery pressure from right‐sided heart catheterization and pulmonary artery flow from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Optimal model fit was determined by the lowest Akaike Information Criterion value. A total of 58% of patients had a right ventricular ejection fraction <50%, 63% had an increased RVEDVi, and 56% had an increased RA volume index. Overall, PVR was the best predictor of right ventricular ejection fraction <50% (
P
<0.01), increased RVEDVi (
P
<0.01), and RA volume index (
P
=0.02). However, for patients with a PVR <240
dynes.s.cm
−5
, PAC
clinical
outperformed PVR in predicting right ventricular ejection fraction <50% (
P
=0.02) and increased RVEDVi (
P
=0.05). A 3‐component model (PVR, PAC
clinical
, and characteristic impedance) best predicted RA dilatation (
P
=0.05). In paired analysis, alternative methods of PAC quantification better predicted increased RVEDVi (PAC
decay
P
=0.02) and RA volume index (PAC
area
P
=0.02). PAC
clinical
<2.3 mL/mm Hg optimally predicted right‐sided heart dysfunction (area under the curve, 0.768) and increased the AUC for PVR in undifferentiated/left‐sided PH (0.89 versus 0.72).

Conclusions

Pulsatile vascular afterload measurement improves right‐sided heart dysfunction prediction in undifferentiated/left‐sided PH. More accurate PAC measurement methods could further enhance prognostic accuracy, while a PVR ≥240
dynes.s.cm
−5
remains a valuable threshold for precapillary PH.
HIV‐Associated Heart Failure: Phenotypes and Clinical Outcomes in a Safety‐Net Setting
Authors: Durstenfeld Matthew S. , Thakkar Anjali , Jeon Diane , Short Robert , Ma Yifei , Tseng Zian H. , Hsue Priscilla Y.
Published: November 2024

Background

HIV is associated with increased risk of heart failure (HF) but data regarding phenotypes of HF and outcomes after HF diagnosis, especially within the safety net where half of people with HIV in the United States receive care, are less clear.

Methods and Results

Using an electronic health record cohort of all individuals with HF within a municipal safety‐net system from 2001 to 2019 linked to the National Death Index Plus, we compared HF phenotypes, all‐cause mortality, HF hospitalization, and cause of death for individuals with and without HIV. Among people with HF (n=14 829), 697 individuals had HIV (4.7%). People with HIV were diagnosed with HF 10 years younger on average. A higher proportion of people with HIV had a reduced ejection fraction at diagnosis (37.9% versus 32.7%). Adjusted for age, sex, and risk factors, coronary artery disease on angiography was similar by HIV status. HIV was associated with 55% higher risk of all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.55 [95% CI, 1.37–1.76];
P
<0.001) and lower odds of HF hospitalization (odds ratio [OR], 0.51 [95% CI, 0.39–0.66];
P
<0.001). Among people with HIV with HF, cause of death was less often attributed to cardiovascular disease (22.5% versus 54.6% uninfected;
P
<0.001) and more to substance use (17.9% versus 9.3%;
P
<0.001), consistent with autopsy findings in a subset (n=81).

Conclusions

Among people with HF who receive care within a municipal safety‐net system, HIV infection is associated with higher mortality, despite lower odds of HF hospitalization, attributable to noncardiovascular causes including substance‐related and HIV‐related mortality.
Metabolic Signatures of Blood Pressure and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Manou Maria , Papagiannopoulos Christos , Chalitsios Christos V. , Asimakopoulos Alexandros‐Georgios , Markozannes Georgios , Bulló Monica , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Papandreou Christopher , Tzoulaki Ioanna
Published: November 2024

Background

The underlying biological mechanisms linking blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are only partly understood. We aimed to identify metabolic signatures associated with systolic and diastolic BP and investigate their subsequent association with risk of CVD.

Methods and Results

The study included 201 742 UK Biobank participants with measurements on 249 metabolic biomarkers. A multistep adaptive elastic net penalized regression with 10‐fold cross‐validation was employed to identify metabolic signatures for systolic BP and diastolic BP. External validation was conducted on 848 participants from the EHS (Epirus Health Study). We further assessed the associations between BP metabolic signatures and incident composite CVD (N=6742), myocardial infarction (N=4192), and stroke (N=2757) in the UK Biobank, using multivariable Cox regression models. The metabolic signatures comprised 31 and 25 metabolites, robustly correlated with systolic BP and diastolic BP, respectively, in both the UK Biobank and the EHS. Following adjustments (including BP), the metabolic signature for systolic BP was positively associated with incident myocardial infarction (hazard ratio [HR], 1.11 [95% CI, 1.07–1.15]) and CVD (HR, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.04–1.10]). Similarly, the metabolic signature for diastolic BP was associated with a higher risk of myocardial infarction (HR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.12–1.20]) and CVD (HR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.05–1.12]). The associations between the signatures and stroke were not significant. The metabolic signatures partly mediated the total effect of the BP traits on the risk of myocardial infarction and CVD.

Conclusions

Our findings may enhance our understanding of the biological mechanisms through which BP affects CVD.
Grotius’s Sources of Ius Gentium Slavery
Authors: van Nifterik Gustaaf
Published: November 2024

Grotius’s discussion on slavery exhibits a dual character, as it is based on natural law on the one hand, and on ius gentium on the other. This article focuses on the sources used by Grotius in his search for the rules of ius gentium on war slavery, and compares Grotius’s insights with the works of some of his contemporaries. After briefly discussing Grotius’s introduction to ius gentium and its sources, his references to three themes concerning war slavery are analyzed. The research shows that, if need be, Grotius works according to his own rules even though it seems difficult for him to leave Greco-Roman antiquity and Europe behind; it also shows that he is content with flimsy evidence. In addition, analyzing his sources informs us about Grotius’s personal input regarding the legitimacy of war and slavery. It turns out that with regard to one of the most far-reaching principles concerning war slavery, Grotius’s insight is consistent with what seems to have been generally accepted among (European) scholars from antiquity to his own time. Another lesson learned: natural rights are not safe with Grotius, since ius gentium as presented by him is a serious threat to such rights.
Doubts on the Attribution of al-Waraqāt to Imām al-Ḥaramayn al-Juwaynī: Materials for Pseudepigrapha Studies in an Islamic Context
Authors: Amharar Ilyass
Published: November 2024

Pseudepigraphy, namely the attribution of texts to people other than their authors, is a fascinating but complex area of philology. It involves carefully examining historical and literary evidence to determine the authenticity of attributions, a process that can be likened to traversing a winding road full of uncertainties. This article discusses reservations about the attribution of one of the most famous manuals of legal theory, al-Waraqāt fī uṣūl al-fiqh, to Imām al-Ḥaramayn al-Juwaynī (d. 478 AH / 1085 CE). The article serves as a modest roadmap for philologists venturing into the labyrinth of pseudepigraphy in Islamic texts and aims to illustrate that pseudepigraphy is far from being a binary proposition. On the contrary, it offers a range of doubts, highlighting the variability of the arguments and the need for a nuanced analysis. More broadly, this contribution also provides an opportunity for further reflection on the relationship between a text and its author.
The Influence of Lateral Spreading upon Solitary Wave Formation by Internal Tides
Authors: Li Kehan , Sutherland Bruce R.
Published: November 2024

As internal tides propagate in the ocean, they carry and dissipate energy over hundreds and even thousands of kilometers. In relatively shallow seas, the low-vertical-mode internal tide can evolve to form solitary waves whose surface signature can be detected by satellites as regions of high and low surface reflectance. To gain insight into what processes lead to the observation of internal solitary waves by satellites, we perform fully nonlinear simulations in three dimensions to examine the evolution of horizontally propagating, vertical mode 1 internal tides as it depends on wave amplitude, ocean depth, and the spanwise extent of the waves. The background stratification is set up according to measurements in the South China Sea. The spanwise evolution of the three-dimensional waves is examined in terms of the lateral spreading, radius of curvature, and sea surface signature corresponding to a threshold in the surface horizontal convergent and divergent flow. We find that the lateral spreading of the waves varies little with initial wave amplitude and ocean depth but decreases exponentially with increasing initial lateral extent. The relative deepening of isopycnals associated with solitary wave formation is greater if the initial wave amplitude is larger, but the deepening is less for waves in deeper water and if their initial lateral extent is smaller resulting in more rapid lateral spreading. Thus, for solitary waves to create a sea surface signature visible to satellites, they must be generated with sufficiently large amplitude and a sufficiently large initial lateral extent before propagating in a sufficiently shallow ocean.
God and the Ballot Box: How Electoral Candidates Use Religion in Election Campaign in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md. Akmal
Published: November 2024

This study aims to analyze how and why politicians and political parties exploit religion in election campaigns in postmilitary regimes of Bangladesh. In addition, this article explores the sociopolitical implications of employing religion during electoral campaigns. In recent years, religion has played an increasingly important role in Bangladesh politics as political parties have sought to mobilize voters and gain the support of religious leaders and groups. This study uses three theoretical frameworks: rational choice theory, the legitimacy crisis, and identity politics to unveil the reasons for using religious symbols and norms in election campaigns. Through robust content analysis using secondary sources and in-depth interviews, the study argues that political parties use religion not only to overcome legitimacy crises but also to present themselves as the protectors of Islam in Bangladesh. The article also argues that political parties exploit religious tradition to align themselves with Muslim identity politics. Religion in election campaigns has negative consequences in society and politics. It intensifies the contributing factors of political polarization, violence against religious minorities, and undermining democratic credentials. The significance of this study is that it provides a pathway for researching the using religions in voting campaigns in Bangladesh.
EXPRESS: The Impact of App Crashes on Consumer Engagement
Authors: Shi Savannah Wei , Lee Seoungwoo , Kalyanam Kirthi , Wedel Michel
Published: November 2024

The authors develop and test a theoretical framework to examine the impact of app crashes on app engagement. The framework predicts that consumers increase engagement after encountering a single crash due to their need-for-closure and curiosity, yet reduce engagement after experiencing repeated and concentrated crashes, primarily because of frustration and perceived task unattainability; the recency of crashes moderates these effects. Field data analysis reveals that while a crash truncates a session and reduces content consumption, it increases page views in the following session. However, this increase in page views does not compensate for the loss during the crashed session. Frequent and more concentrated crashes curtail engagement. Three experiments in which crashes are exogenously manipulated in a different context support the validity and generalizability of these findings, confirm the proposed mediators, and demonstrate how to lessen the negative impact of repeated crashes with post-crash messages. The research adds new dimensions to the task pursuit literature and provides managers with a framework to quantify the economic impact of crashes, analyze content substitution behavior, and assess the bias of a transactional view of crash incidents. Additionally, it offers insights into targeted feature release to more tolerant users and strategic design of post-crash messages.
Melatonin as an adjunctive therapy in cardiovascular disease management
Authors: Luo Zan , Tang Yuan Yuan , Zhou Liang
Published: November 2024

Melatonin, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, is a neuroendocrine hormone secreted by the pineal gland. This pleiotropic indoleamine possesses amphiphilic properties, allowing it to penetrate most biological barriers and exert its effects at the subcellular level. Importantly, melatonin also plays a crucial role in regulating the body's response to circadian rhythms, adapting to internal and external environmental cues. Melatonin functions as a powerful antioxidant and free radical scavenger, protecting cells from oxidative damage. Its diverse physiological roles include maintaining the functional integrity of endothelial cells, thereby preventing atherosclerosis, a major contributor to cardiovascular disease. Additionally, melatonin exhibits antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties, potentially improving metabolic disorders. These combined effects suggest a unique adjunctive therapeutic potential for melatonin in treating cardiovascular diseases. This review aims to explore the mechanisms by which melatonin interacts with the cardiovascular system and investigates its potential use as an adjunctive therapeutic agent in managing cardiovascular disease.
Outpatient characteristics in a pediatric otolaryngology department during COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective study
Authors: Noda Masao , Koshu Ryota , Sugimoto Hisashi , Yoshizaki Tomokazu , Nomura Akihiro , Ito Makoto
Published: November 2024

Objectives

To investigate the characteristics of outpatients in the pediatric otolaryngology department of a tertiary Japanese hospital before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

In this retrospective study conducted at a tertiary center in Japan, pediatric patients aged 0–15 years who visited the pediatric otolaryngology department between 2017 and 2022 were included. The number of outpatients in the department was compared between before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2017–December 2022) by year, age, sex, and the disease for which the patient was examined. Additionally, the diseases that most substantially contributed to the change in outpatient visits were evaluated in detail regarding their severity.

Results

Among a total of 9219 outpatients, there were no significant differences between 2017–2019 and 2020–2022 (4650 vs. 4569). In contrast, the number of new outpatients decreased by 27.5% (from 1242 to 900) in each of the three years during the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, the number of patients aged 1–6 years decreased as did that of male patients. Of eight disease categories, oral cavity- and pharyngeal- related diseases decreased the most significantly, by approximately 50%, and the decrease in the number of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is thought to have had an impact on the decrease in the number of patients. Furthermore, in cases in which polysomnography testing was performed for OSA, the proportion of patients with moderate and severe categories showed a significant decrease.

Conclusions

The number of new pediatric ORL patients, particularly those with severe OSA, reduced during the COVID 19 pandemic. These results may provide indications about the characteristics of OSA incidence and exacerbations.
Dynamic modeling of deformation in traditional smocking in apparel
Authors: Zhao Yu , Cheng Yan , Zhou Feng , Zhou Li , Xiang Yi
Published: November 2024

Traditional smocking, as a cultural heritage, has been widely employed in the design of modern apparel for its unique aesthetics. However, it often faces deformation when worn by a moving person, resulting in diminished aesthetics. The aim in this study is to detect the deformation threshold of a garment created with traditional smocking in a dynamic environment to assist in an aesthetic design. To reach this objective, first a 3D model was created of the cross-section of a garment with traditional smocking at the waistline, worn by a human avatar in a standing position. Then, by inputting the pressure triggered by level walking, ascending stairs, or twisting at the waist, finite-element models of the cross-sectional outlines were constructed to determine the displacements occurring on a garment with traditional smocking. The deformation threshold was determined afterwards, and validated. There are two contributions from this work: (1) the proposal of a deformation threshold for traditional smocking to assist in modern design, which generalizes an implication of promoting the aesthetics of heritage apparel in modern society; (2) the presentation of, it is believed, the first ever evaluation of the aesthetics of traditional smocking, which provides a new method to identify the interaction of pressure and displacement for traditional smocking in a dynamic environment.
High-performance thermal insulating polyamide 6/66–cesium tungsten bronze composite hollow fiber via melt spinning and melt mixing
Authors: Ma Xiao , Shi Wenjing , Wang Xiaojuan , Zhou Huajie , Wang Yu , Chiu Ka-lok , Zhao Jian , Li Xin
Published: November 2024

We have successfully used melt spinning and melt mixing, which are established manufacturing procedures in the textile industry, to create a biomimetic polyamide 6/66–cesium tungsten bronze (PA6/66–Cs0.33WO3) composite hollow fiber. This hollow fiber has an elliptical form, with a width of around 18 µm and a wall thickness of approximately 3–5 µm. It has a uniform distribution of Cs0.33WO3 and is sufficiently strong, light, and flexible to be woven into fabric. The woven fabric has high thermal shielding qualities and efficiently absorbs solar heat. Conduction and convection heat loss are minimized by hollow fiber architectures, whereas light absorption is improved by Cs0.33WO3. Finally, the fabric performs exceptionally well in terms of ultraviolet protection. As a result, it has a lot of potential for utilization in winter clothing.
Mastering the uncontrollable: The Ottomans and the use of modern technologies
Authors: Martykánová Darina
Published: November 2024

This special section on technology-in-use in the last decades of the Ottoman Empire strives to strengthen the dialogue between historians of the late Ottoman Empire and historians of technology interested in the way technologies were appropriated, domesticated, and used beyond the great centers of technological innovation, with a special emphasis on all kinds of users, including nonhuman ones. The ruling elites of this multiethnic and multireligious land empire strove to instrumentalize new inventions and techniques to improve the empire’s geopolitical standing, but in an era marked by interimperial competition, by the rise of nationalism, and by the global expansion of capitalism, the circulation, appropriation, and use of these innovations and techniques proved far beyond their control. From steamships and railways to electricity, the focus is on the ways technologies were appropriated and used in the Ottoman Empire, how they were integrated into the everyday lives of the people, and how they shaped and were shaped by profit-making and political agendas, which reveals the rapid and enormous impact of new technologies on peripheral regions of the world.
A fusion estimation method of clamping force for electro-mechanical brake system based on adaptive Kalman filtering
Authors: Liu Kai , Liu Zhaoyong , Tan Xiaoqiang , Liu Siyu , Wu Guangqiang
Published: November 2024

Clamping force estimation can reduce cost and space design complexity of electro-mechanical brake (EMB) system without a sensor. However, existing estimation methods lack the ability to adapt to environmental change such as temperature, humidity, and noise, which result in low estimation accuracy. To address this challenge, a state estimator based on adaptive Kalman filter (AKF) is first proposed. By setting the residuals sliding window, the noise covariance matrix is adapted to reduce the interference of noise on state estimation. Second, an estimation compensation fusion mechanism is proposed. The clamping force compensation value is calculated by building a vehicle dynamic prediction model to reduce the disturbance caused by variations of EMB parameters. Finally, a comparison is made with the existing estimation method to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method.
Belongingness to groups, adolescent loneliness trajectories, and their consequences
Authors: Beattie Marguerite , Kiuru Noona , Salmela-Aro Katariina
Published: November 2024

While loneliness for short periods of time is normal, prolonged loneliness has severe health risks. This study aims to discover what loneliness trajectories can be found in a cohort of adolescents, how belongingness to different groups may be associated with these trajectories, and the mental, physical, and academic consequences of these trajectories. Adolescents ( N = 2,765) born in the year 2000 and attending Helsinki schools participated in annual surveys from 2013 to 2019. We conducted latent profile analyses and equality of means tests to find the number of trajectories and their associations with potential preventive and consequential factors. Our analyses resulted in six profiles: “Stable high” (4.8%), “Low becomes volatile (8.1%), “Moderates with a 7th-grade peak” (9.3%), “Winding down” (11.9%), “Winding up” (15.5%), and “Stable low” (50.5%). In general, trajectories that started with high loneliness reported lower belongingness to groups (i.e., friends, school, hobby, home, and society) than trajectories that started with low loneliness. Adolescents following the “Stable high” loneliness trajectory reported the worst mental well-being and school burnout outcomes, but there were no associations with drug use. Belongingness to friends, school, hobbies, home, and national and international society may be more protective against loneliness than belongingness to religious communities in some areas. It would behoove adolescent health experts to investigate how groups can prevent prolonged loneliness and its consequences.
Romantic attachment styles, harsh parenting behavior, and children’s emotional reactivity: A process model
Authors: Platts Cory R. , Sturge-Apple Melissa L. , Li Zhi , Davies Patrick T.
Published: November 2024

This study examined whether parenting behavior serves as an intervening mechanism in accounting for associations between romantic attachment styles and children’s emotional reactivity (i.e., anger and distress reactivity). Participants included 235 mothers (62% White) and a preschool-aged child ( Mage = 2.97; 55% female) recruited from a moderate-sized city in the northeastern United States. Families visited the laboratory at two measurement occasions spaced approximately 1 year apart. At the first measurement occasion, mothers provided self-reports of their romantic attachment style and participated in three different parent–child interaction tasks. Ratings of harsh parenting were coded from each of the three tasks. From these ratings, a coefficient of variation score was used to assess the mother’s inconsistent harsh parenting across the three tasks, and we also computed the mean of harsh parenting across the three tasks. Observational ratings of children’s anger and distress reactivity were coded from two tasks designed to elicit children’s negative emotion. Results of structural equation model analyses revealed that romantic attachment anxiety was associated with inconsistent harsh parenting across the three parenting tasks. In turn, inconsistent harsh parenting was associated with increases in children’s anger reactivity 1 year later. Romantic attachment avoidance was associated with higher average levels of harsh parenting across the parenting tasks. However, average levels of harsh parenting were not associated with children’s emotional reactivity. Findings provide partial evidence that parenting behavior serves as an intervening mechanism in explaining associations between romantic attachment styles and children’s emotional reactivity.