bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Modified Atmosphere Packaging on Strawberry Preservation
Authors: Dong Jing , Pan Yan Juan , Liu Guang Fa , Wang Jian Qing
Published: November 2013

The effect of modified atmosphere packaging for strawberry was discussed in this study. The best gas condition was explored to extend the shelf life of strawberry in refrigerated temperature. The 20μm PE film was used to build modified atmosphere packaging. The optimum gas condition for strawberrys modified atmosphere packaging was selected while concerned with the respiration rate, firmness, rot grade, vitamin C content, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, sensory evaluation and other quality indicators respectively. The results suggest that: In 60% O2 + 1.5% CO2 gas condition, it could be kept low rot grade, maintained the firmness, vitamin C content, total soluble solids, titratable acidity content, and sensory evaluation was not falling heavily. As the season in which strawberries were abundant was of high temperature, the effect of preservation was more apparent in 5±1°C. Modified atmosphere packaging discussed above could extend the strawberrys shelf life to 22 days.
Research on the Size Design of Corrugated Box Based on the Standard Pallet Dimension
Authors: Chen Shu Rong , Cao Guo Rong , Zheng Xuan
Published: November 2013

To solve the problems such as hand measurement, experience design and not consider area utilization of pallet, the paper researched the flow and method of size design of corrugated box when it was regularly placed in the standard pallet. The paper designed a new method to calculate the size of corrugated box which was “from outside to inside, and then from inside to outside” through optimize the way of arrangement and the number of product in which the object of study was assumed by taking product as quasi-square and cylinder and outer packaging container as corrugated box. Both the standard pallet sizes and product dimensions were considered, and it provide theoretical basis for preparing related computer software. At the same time, it ensure pallet utilization and volume rate of corrugated box, reduce transport cost farthest and realize the goal of packaging reduction.
Digital Camera Color Resolution Test Based on Knife-Edge Method
Authors: Song Yue Hong , Xu Jun Qing
Published: November 2013

A resolution test-chart for digital camera has been developed based on the knife-edge method. RAW images have been acquired with NikonD7000 DSLR and Canon G12. Set the device color-space to Adobe RGB, and convert the image data to LAB color-space using Adobe RGB profile. The Fourier transfer of the LAB tonal value were computed under MATLAB environment. Then by analyzing the L/C/H (Derived from LAB space ) and the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF), we can get the resolution characteristics of the Nikon D7000 and Canon G12 camera.
Research on the Adhension of Water-Based Ink on UV Varnish
Authors: Wang Dan Dan , Wei Xian Fu , Huang Bei Qing
Published: November 2013

In order to enhance the adhension of ink, base ink was prepared with proper pigment and grinding resin, as well as dispersing agent, then compounded it and film-forming resin. The paper has studied the major factors, including grinding resin, film-forming resin and additives, which influenced the adhension of water-based ink on UV varnish. The results indicated that the content and the variety of grinding resin had a certain influence on the adhension of water-based ink. Besides, since the structure of film-forming resin is different, it has a significant effect on the adhension of water-based ink with the change of the variety of resin. Whats more, additives, which could decrease the surface tension of ink effectively and made the ink intend to adhere on UV varnish easily, is also an important factor that influences the adhension of the water-based ink on UV varnish.
Research on Adherence of Plastic UV Frosted Ink
Authors: Zhang Zhen Xing , Huang Bei Qing , Wei Xian Fu
Published: November 2013

Plastic UV frosted ink is a novel frosted ink used for the plastic substrate,As a kind of environmental printing ink, plastic UV frosted ink is attracting more attention in the application of the food packaging printing Adherence is an important performance of Plastic UV frosted ink which has directly effect on the quality of the coating and the following process. Different prepolymers, monomers and additives plastic UV frosted ink samples prepared to test their adhesion on PET substrate,explores the prepolymer, kind and content of monomer and additives for plastic UV frosted ink adhesionThe results showed that type and content of the prepolymer, monomer and additives had significant effect on the adhesion force of ink. Adhesion force of sample prepared by polyurethane prepolymer was the best. The higher degree of functionality, volume shrinkage was greater, the adhesion force was worse. An appropriate amount of additives could improve the adhesion force of ink.
Manufacturing Process of Packaging Products by Orthogonal Test
Authors: He Wei , Li Yan Xin , Luyt A.S. , Ge Tie Jun
Published: November 2013

For most plastic packaging products, injection molding is the most convenient, simple, widely applicable, especially for those thin, complex structure, smooth surface, and small moulds. Overdependence on experience, it is difficult to quickly design excellent products with short production cycle. In this paper, a common thin CD packaging mould was taken as a research object. By orthogonal experiment method and MPI software obtain the amount of warping deformation and a better group of process parameters. Within the range of orthogonal test, we explore the influence of various process parameters on warpage of injection. Besides, according to variance analysis that it is different from visual analysis to explore the main factors significantly, so that we obtain the most reliable and the best group of process parameters.
Research on the Permeability of Ink in Offset Paper
Authors: Li Xin , Liu Jiang Hao , Wei Xian Fu , Huang Bei Qing , Zhang Fu Zhong , Yang Li
Published: November 2013

First, the study chooses ten kinds of offset paper. By using a dynamic penetration analyzer (HVL-PDA) and water as test fluid, the dynamic absorption characteristics of the ten kinds of offset paper are measured. At the same time, proofs of offset printing patterns of these ten kinds of offset paper are made by using a printability tester. Then the depths of ink penetration in ten kinds of offset paper are measured by the Three-dimensional video microscopy system and the study analyzes the effect of paper dynamic absorption property on penetration depth of ink. The results of the analyses show that the penetration depth of ink is closely related to dynamic liquid absorption, thus the permeability of ink in offset paper can be predicted from the dynamic liquid absorption of offset paper.
Effect of Screen Angle on Moire in Printing
Authors: Liao Yan Ling , Lv Xin Guang
Published: November 2013

Moire, an abnormal printing pattern formed by irregular screen tone, may adversely affect the printing quality and should be avoided during printing. Hence, it is necessary to understand the factors contributing to its formation. Being one of the most important factors, the effect of screen angle is discussed in this paper. To obtain the most suitable screen angle and confirm its rationality, Photoshop is used to simulate Moire patterns under different screen angle conditions and analyze the relationship between screen angles and formation of Moire pattern. When mixing two of Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black colors randomly while keeping the others constant, the size of the Moire is not affected by screen angles but by the angle differences. When the difference is at 28° and 38°, Moire pattern is not obvious and the dots are evenly distributed. The screen angle difference and the screen angle of the key color are also analyzed from the Moire pattern obtained by varying screen angle between C, M, and K (Black) in the simulation study. The results show that it is reasonable to set screen angle for strong color at 15°, 45° and 75°.
Effects of Paper on Color Reproduction Quality in Ink-Jet Printing
Authors: Jiang Shun , Chen Guang Xue , Cui Xiao Meng
Published: November 2013

In digital printing process, the color reproduction quality is no longer determined by printing sequence, trapping, solid density and etc., since the technique is different from traditional printing technology. In order to analyze the effects of paper on color reproduction quality in digital ink-jet printing, three kinds of commercial paper were selected and a set of experiments were carried out by using color management technique to simulate the digital proofing. The density and chromaticity of both primary color and composite color in each printed were measured. The effects of paper’s characters on shadow, mid-tone and highlight were analyzed and discussed. Finally the influence on color reproduction quality principle, including chromaticity and absorbing characteristics of paper, was revealed. The conclusion has certain significance in directive function in ink-jet printing.
Preparation of Color Paste of UV Ink-Jet Ink
Authors: Yang Xiao , Huang Bei Qing , Wei Xian Fu
Published: November 2013

Ink used in food packaging printing graphic,it's one of the most important factors that affect the safety of packaging food,as a new environmentally friendly printing ink,UV-curable inkjet ink has attracted much attention in the application of food packaging printing .The pros and cons of performance of UV ink's color paste is the key to the preparation of UV inkjet ink.In order to prepare UV inkjet magenta ink's color paste with good dispersion,design formulation experiment for monomers in UV ink's paste,determine the monomer type and content,by changing the ratio of pigment to resin and milling time as well as the kind and the content of dispersants to prepare based ink, by testing the diameter size to evaluate dispersion of UV ink's paste.It has been proved that the monomer type and content is the key factor that influences the dispersion property of UV ink's based ink. The dispersion property of the resin to pigment depends on a great extent on the ratio of resin to pigment,milling time also play an important role. The result also proved that different kind of dispersants and content are also important factors that influence the dispersion property.
Research on Friction between Gravure Roller and Scraping Blade
Authors: Lu Jian Dong , Zhang Gai Mei , Li Lian Fang
Published: November 2013

A variety of friction exists during gravure printing machine run-time. The friction between gravure roller and scraping blade has a great effect on the printing quality and gravure printing endurance. In this article, the friction between gravure roller and scraping blade is studied from the micro-contact perspective. The qualitative research of the factors that affect the friction between gravure roller and scraping blade is done, in order to confirm the effect law of the printing speed, scraping blade angle and gravure printing machine vibration on the friction between gravure roller and scraping blade.
Effect of Friction on Granular Particles Transmission Process in Sleeve
Authors: Lu Jian Dong , Li Lu Hai , Zhang Gai Mei
Published: November 2013

The products of granular particle are widely used in packaging field. Granular particle products are often transmitted through the sleeve in packaging process. The friction that granular particles suffer affects how granular particles flow in the sleeve. In this paper, the characteristics of friction that granular particles products suffered in the sleeve are analyzed through simulation experiment. The effects of particle size and shape regular extent on friction are also analyzed. Sleeve must have a certain inclination angle in order to make the friction of particles beyond the range of static friction and to make particle flow smoothly in the sleeve.
Study on the Migration Process of Food Packaging Materials
Authors: Cui Yan Yan , Yang Yu , Chen Guang Xue
Published: November 2013

With the rapid development of materials science, polymers are widely used in food packaging. Because the polymer modification process can lead to the formation of low molecular weight compounds, these substances which migrate from packaging materials to food bring many hidden dangers to food safety and threaten peoples health. In order to ensure the safety of food packaging materials, it is necessary to completely study and discuss the migration process of low molecular weight compounds, and then take effective methods to control the pollutants. The real process of polymer components in food package migration is quite complex, which is affected by many non-ideal factors. If we simply analysis the migration model, the actual results could not be got. We use migration model combining with the methods of modern analysis instruments on the basis of migration model, the model will have more practical application. The paper is based on migration theory and migration model. Under the existing experimental conditions, truly simulate the migration process of food packaging materials by using modern analytical measurement instruments and experimental simulation tools. Combine the theory and practice, analyze the migration and migration influencing factors of PS extract from qualitative and quantitative aspects. It is of great practical significance in solving the food safety problems which caused by migration from food packaging materials.
Correlation between Partition Coefficients Food Simulant/Paper, KF, P, and Octanol/Water, KO,W - A New Approach in Support of Migration Modeling and Compliance Testing
Authors: Xue Mei Gui , Wang Shuang Fei
Published: November 2013

An investigation on the migration of various migrants from paper (board) into solid food simulants was undertaken to determine the correlation of partition coefficients between food simulants / paper, KF,P, and octanol/water, KO,W. The migration tests were carried out using four solid food simulants (rice powder, milk powder, white sugar and rice) in contact with a kind paper which was spiked with 5 compounds. These model migrants cover a wide range of potential migrants in paper (board) food packaging materials and can be characterized by octanol/water partition coefficients ranging from log KO,W= 2.293 to 4.496. In all simulants a correlation of increasing log KO, Wwith increasing log KF,Pwas found. Using the correlation line as a calibration curve, log KF, Pcan be predicted from the log KO, Wvalues of the migrants for a given food stimulant. This approach is a new estimation procedure to obtain KF, Pvalues from easily accessible KO,Wvalues which can significantly reduce the efforts for compliance assessment by minimizing time and costs to be spent compared to carrying out an enormous number of specific migration test. Furthermore, this approach will support experimental migration testing since it provides a method to determine which simulant is appropriate for a given foodstuff.
Determination of 15 PAEs in Fatty Food by SPE-GC/MS
Authors: Xing Ying Hao , Wu Jun
Published: November 2013

Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) may be used as plasticizer and softener for the manufacturing of plastic products, especially in polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The residue of PAEs in food may affect human health. The method of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of 15 PAEs are established by total ion chromatogram (TIC) and select ion monitor (SIM) of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Combined with the solid phase extraction (SPE) method, PAEs residue of some fatty food in plastic packaging was detected, with the assessment of PAEs residual be discussed. The correlation coefficient was higher than 0.99. The limit of quantity was 2.93~105.23μg/kg and the limits of detection (LOD) for PAEs had values from 0.97μg/kg to 34.73μg/kg. This method was used for quantification of traces of PAEs in fatty food. The results showed that 9 PAEs residual in fatty food were at the range of <50~1160μg/kg and detection rates were between 16.67 %( 1:6) ~83.33 %( 5:6). None of them was out of national standard.
Study on Anti-Friction Performance of Water-Based Flexographic Ink
Authors: Sun Bao Wei , Huang Bei Qing , Wei Xian Fu
Published: November 2013

In order to improve the anti-friction performance of water-based flexographic ink, we made up different kinds of water-base flexographic ink by changing the kinds of film-forming resin or adding different kinds of friction resistant additives, and then evaluated the friction resistant performance of the ink by the rate of density decay. According to analysis the influencing factors of the anti-friction performance of ink, aiming at improving the cohesion of molecular systems and smooth degree of membrane surface, and reducing the friction coefficient as well. The result shows that different molecular structure of film-forming resin ink will cause different cohesion of molecules system in ink, which impacts the ink friction performance. Adding appropriate anti-friction performance additives can improve ink cohesion of molecular system, and improve the ink anti-friction performance as well.
Effect of Monomer on Performance of UV-LED Inkjet Ink
Authors: Yi Qing , Wei Xian Fu , Huang Bei Qing , Wang Qi
Published: November 2013

UV-LED inkjet ink is a promising environmental ink which has advantages as higher reaction speed, higher efficiency and energy saving, better environmental protection, its research and development can contribute to realizing green printing and its important for food packing security. Monomer is the important component of the UV-LED ink, in order to investigate the impact of monomer on dispersivity of UV-LED inkjet ink, seven kinds of monomers were chosen to prepare cyan color paste respectively and test their particle size and distribution. Then the ratio of co-monomers was achieved by formulation experiment to obtain the best dispersivity. In order to improve the performance of the UV-LED inkjet ink, different monomers were used to make ink samples separately, viscosity, surface tension, curing rate of the ink and flexibility and adhesion were tested. In the end, the ratio of co-monomers was achieved by formulation experiment to obtain the best overall performance. The results show that the monomer has a significant influence on the dispersion and curing rate of the UV-LED inkjet ink, but also has a great impact on film-forming properties of the ink after UV-LED curing.
The Effect of Specimen's Height on the Point Load Test
Authors: Li Jin Kui , Li Fei Fei , Wei Xian Ke
Published: November 2013

In order to use different size of the rock in the site point load tests, select the same site at the scene of specimen do load test research. Through the statistical analysis of 9 groups of the point load strength index data, demonstrates the influence of the test specimen size and shape sample size and shape to rock point load test results, and draws the influence rule of the specimen height to the point load test. The research has the vital significance for underground engineering design and construction.
Application and Development of Materials for ‘Green’ Concrete
Authors: Shi Jia Zi , Dang Xing
Published: November 2013

Concrete is the most commonly used construction material in the world over the past decades. But the increase in concrete production leads to an increase in greenhouse gases emission and environmental damage. With the current focus on sustainability, it is necessary to evaluate concretes environmental impact and develop new materials for green concrete. Green recycled aggregates and mineral admixtures are important component materials for green concrete. In this paper, the development of green concrete industry is introduced, and the application of materials for green concrete such as green recycled aggregates and mineral admixtures are discussed.
Study on Energy Engineering with Energy Conservation Consciousness Education in Moral Education of Colleges and Universities
Authors: Zhu Xiao Jie
Published: November 2013

The objects of this theme are implementing energy conservation consciousness education in moral education of colleges and universities and improving the energy conservation consciousness of college students. On the whole, the thesis has two parts: the first part mainly analyzes the present situation of moral education in colleges and universities. The second part puts forward several proposals for the realization of energy saving consciousness education in moral education course. The conclusion shows that the value of the implementation of energy conservation consciousness education in moral education, including the worth of the ideological and moral education of college students and the moral development.
The Power Matchmaking Transaction Based on Generation Algorithm Optimization
Authors: Fang Yin , Ma Chao , Dai Yong , Zhai Ying Ying , Lv Zhen Liao
Published: November 2013

In regional electricity market environment, power market matchmaking transaction mechanism is used widely. The power transformation model of competitive integration market is built to meet the various needs, maintain the existing price system and make the social welfare maximization. The power matchmaking transaction based on generation algorithm is used in this paper to find a set of allocation, to maximize the search to the social welfare in numerous electrical distributions. For the purpose of minimizing the transaction risk, definitions of trust, an optimized matchmaking transaction based on generation algorithm are given in this paper.
Simulation Analysis of Vector Control System with Material Properties Based on Mine Fanner Load and Energy Saving
Authors: Wu Yan Xiang , Zhou Chao Qun , Zhang Chao Jun , Sun Pu
Published: November 2013

According to the characteristics of mine fanner, the running characteristic and requirements of load was analyzed, and the fanner control system was simulated by using frequency control technology in this thesis. The speed flux double closed loop vector control system was designed by using the principle of the rotor field-oriented vector control and the mathematical model of asynchronous motor. The simulation model was simulated and analysised by MATLAB/Simulink. The result indicated that the vector control system can not only quickly responded to the change of the load torque but also have good speed control performance, and the mine fanner operation requirements was satisfied.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Li4Ti5O12/Ce as an Anode Material for High Rate Lithium Ion Battery
Authors: Cheng Chong Ling , Liu Hong Jiang , Xue Xin , Cao Hui , Liu Li Li , Shi Li Yi
Published: November 2013

Li4Ti5O12/Ce nanoparticles are synthesized through hydrothermal method. The structure and morphology characteristics of the composite are investigated by XRD, SEM. Meanwhile, electrochemical properties were analyzed through charging-discharging test. The prepared Li4Ti5O12/Ce nanoparticles have good rate performance and cycling performance. It exhibited discharging capacity of 128.0 mAh/g at a high rate of 10 C. It promises to be advanced batteries with high energy density and long cycle life.
A Practical Synthetic Method for Furylacryloyl-Gly-Leu-NH2
Authors: Gong Shan Shan , Liu Guo Dong , Yang Qing Kun , Sun Qi
Published: November 2013

A novel and efficient strategy has been developed for the synthesis of FA-Gly-Leu-NH2(FAGLA), a furylacryloyl dipeptide substrate for the thermolysin fromBacillus thermoproteolyticus.
A Novel Synthesis of 3-Bromo-1,2-Propanediol from 3-Oxetanol
Authors: Sun Jian , Gong Shan Shan , Sun Qi
Published: November 2013

Treatment of 3-oxetanol with carbon tetrabromide (CBr4) and triphenylphosphine (PPh3) under mild condition provides an efficient route for synthesis of 3-bromo-1,2-propanediol. The experimental results showed that an unexpected ring-opening reaction was selectively achieved under the routine bromination reaction condition.
Synthesis of Nucleoside 5′-H-Phosphonothioates via Nucleoside 5′-Phosphinate Intermediates
Authors: Liu Guo Dong , Gong Shan Shan , Yang Qing Kun , Sun Qi
Published: November 2013

A general method for the synthesis of nucleoside 5′-H-phosphonothioates are described in this paper. The synthetic strategy involves the coupling of 2′,3′-O-isopropylidene-protected nucleosides with triethylammonium phosphinate in the presence of pivaloyl chloride, oxidation with elemental sulfur, and final deprotection of 2′,3′-O-isopropylidene group with 50% aqueous solution of trifluoroacetic acid.
Phase-Field Simulation of Dendrite Growth of Magnesium Alloy under Non-Isothermal Solidification
Authors: Zhao Long Zhi , Jiang Xin Yan , Zhao Ming Juan , Zhang Jian
Published: November 2013

The phase-field model was built by coupling with the concentration field and temperature field,The dendrite growth process of Magnesium alloy was simulated under the different anisotropic strength and different undercooling.The results show that with the enlarge of anisotropic strength, dendritic morphology change from seaweed-like to snow-like, trunk grows along the optimal direction,and the secondary dendrite arm grow along the most optimize direction as well; With undercooling increasing, the more coarse primary dendrite arm, the more developed secondary dendrite arm, dendrites around the thermal diffusion layer becomes thinner,and dendrite tip’s thermal diffusion layer is thinner than the dendrite roots,but segregation phenomenon decreases slowly. When Δ=1.0, the grain will directly generate cellular dendrite and it does’t appear segregation phenomenon
Analysis of Coalbed Methane (CBM) Enrichment and Main Controlling Factors in Southern Junggar Basin
Authors: Wang Xiang Hao , Wang Yan Bin , Fan Jing Jing , Wang Jin , Liu Cheng Long
Published: November 2013

Using data analysis and comparative analysis, the distribution of Coalbed methane (CBM) gas content in southern Junggar were analyzed on the basis of the southern Junggar Basin coalfield geological data, and the main controlling factors of CBM accumulation were studied. The results show that, Gas content ranges from 2cm3/g to 15cm3/g, which overall is highest in central and eastern and becomes progressively smaller in trend of westward. The study area has many characteristics, such as Multi-seam, large coal seam thickness, mainly Fine-grained clastic rock, which is conducive to the enrichment of the CBM. Study area belongs to confined aquifer of low water-richness and receives the supply of atmospheric precipitation and river. In the coal seams within a certain depth formed Runoff water and the CBM diffusion pattern of desorption - diffusion - transport - water soluble gas runoff, which are not conducive to the enrichment of the CBM.
Research on IFP Method for Water Quality Management
Authors: Ji Yao , Huang Guo He , Sun Wei
Published: November 2013

In this paper, an inexact fuzzy programming (IFP) method has been proposed to deal with nonpoint-resource pollution water quality management issues with interval and fuzzy parameters. In IFP method, parameters presented as interval numbers and fuzzy variables can be reflected simultaneously. This study introduced IFP into water quality management problem, and is also significant to other environmental issues under the similar situation.
Investigation of Removal of p-Nitrophenol in Water by Zero-Valent Iron FENTON-Like Technology
Authors: Shi Nan , Yao Sai
Published: November 2013

Zero-valent iron FENTON-like technology can effectively degrade p-Nitrophenol.The best conditions for experimental study : pH=2~3,PNP initial concentration of 100 mg/L, 30%H2O2dosing volume is 3.0mg/L,zero-valent iron dosing quantity is 4.000g/L,in which after the response time of 20min,the removal rate of PNP achieves more than 95%.
Paramagnetism of Sn, Co Codoped ZnO Crystals Thick Films Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Zheng Wen Li , Yang Wei
Published: November 2013

The Sn Co-doped ZnO crystals thick films were synthesized by hydrothermal method,6 mol/LKOH as mineralizer,the ratio of the molar of 0.02:0.5:1 add SnO2,CoCl2 and ZnO as a precursor, filling factor of 70%, temperature 430°C, the seed crystal ([0002] direction) is pure ZnO crystal prepared by conventional hydrothermal methed. ZnO crystals thick films was prepared on the seed crystal. Thick film was dark green,EDS measurements shows that Co and Zn elements content is 7.47:92.53. Electrical measurements shows that thick film is n-type conductive layer, with the carrier concentration 1.15×1020 cm-3,and resistivity of 1.94× 10-3 Ω·cm,mobility of 27.8 cm2 / V·s. The SQUID measurements shows that Zn1-xCoxO crystal thick film exhibited paramagnetic.
Preparation of Enzymatic Starch and Effect of Surface Sizing on Properties of the Paper
Authors: Li Xia , Zhao Chuan Shan , Zhang Hong Feng , Han Wen Jia
Published: November 2013

In this experiment, we use corn starch as the main raw material and use Mid-Temperature a-amylase to modifie it. The influnce of temperature and time to viscosity of the enzymatic starch were discussed. In this way, we can get the optimal conditions about enzymatic modification. According to testing properties of the paper ,we know about its surface sizing effect. At last,we explored the influnce of AKD to surface sizing. The results showed that the optimal conditions are as follows: the optimal enzyme reaction temperature of 65 °C and the ptimal enzyme reaction time of 20min under the condition that the substrate concentration of 20%, the dosage of enzyme of 0.02%, the dosage of calcium chloride of 0.04%, pH 6, gelatinization temperature of 95 °C, and gelatinization concentration of 10%.Under this condition, the viscosity of starch paste is 11mPas. Compared with original paper, sizing increased by 16.20%, burst index increased by 10.50%, tensile index increased by 12.60%. The AKD can significantly improve the degree of sizing, compared with the original paper, the degree of sizing increased by 26.5%.
Research on Preparation and Properities of Chemi-Mechanical Pulp from the Waste Poplar Wood
Authors: Li Xia , Zhao Chuan Shan , Yu Jin Jin , Han Wen Jia
Published: November 2013

In this study, we prepared unbleached chemi-mechanical pulp from waste poplar wood using alkaline processing under normal atmospheric pressure. The influnce of alkaline dosage and time to fiber morphology and properties of the paper were discussed. The parameters of fiber including the length ,width and curl index were measured by FQA. The optimal dosage of NaOH and the optimal time of soaking period in the preparation of pulp using waste poplar wood were studied. The results showed that the optimal dosage of NaOH was 6% and the time of soaking period was one day. The performance of the handsheet made from the poplar wood under the pulping conditions are as follows: tensile strength index of 27 N·m/g, tear index of 0.51 mN·m2/g, burst index of 1.7 KPa·m2/g, folding strength of 16 times, ring crush strength index of 5.7 N.m/g, whiteness of 55.5 ISO, white opacity of 97%, paper absorption liquid rate of 0.32 mm/s.
Research on Biological Modification of Pulp to Improve the Strength of Paper
Authors: Long Ai Yun , Zhao Chuan Shan , Han Wen Jia , Jiang Yi Fei
Published: November 2013

Based on the domestic OCC pulp as raw material, it was found that the optimum conditions for laccase treatment were: the concentration of laccase 16U/g dry pulp, the pulp consistency 5%, temperature 50 °C, pH=5.0 and reaction time 90min. OCC treated with laccase alone can improve paper strength properties. The dry tensile index and wet tensile index of the control sample were 21.80 Nm/g and 0.22 Nm/g, respectively. The dry tensile index and wet tensile index after OCC treated with laccase alone were 23.36 Nm/g and 0.28 Nm /g. Comparing to the control pulp, the dry tensile index and wet tensile index of OCC treated with laccase were increased by 6.88% and 27.3%, respectively. At the same time, the laccase system can obviously improve the strength of the pulp properties with adding the mediator, especially using histidine, the dry and wet strength of paper was largely improved.
Research of Energy Utilization Policies from Restaurant Kitchen Refuse
Authors: Wang Yuan Bo , Chen Kai Li
Published: November 2013

Restaurant kitchen refuse is usually discharged from families, schools, dining rooms and restaurants. A great part of municipal waste is kitchen garbage. Using to restaurant kitchen refuse produce energy could not only decrease pollution and obtain clean energy, but also develop recycling economy with most efficient use of resources and minimal contamination of the environment. Treatment of restaurant kitchen refuses and research progress of energy production from restaurant kitchen refuse are reviewed. Production of biodiesel and methane from restaurant kitchen refuse is introduced. This paper presents related policies and suggestions to develop energy production from restaurant kitchen refuse, so as to push ahead with coordinated development of the economy and environment.
Research in Non-Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of LDPE Composite Films
Authors: Zhao Zi Nian , Lei Xiao Li
Published: November 2013

By means of melt blending process in a co-rotating twin screw extruder and blow molding , the low density polyethylene (LDPE)/thermoplastic elastomer(TPE) mixed membranes and LDPE/inorganic particles composite membrane were prepared. by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) to study the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of the LDPE composite system by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).Use modified Jeziorny method to process the data ,the results shows that ZMS, SiO2, EVA and EMAA all play a role of heterogeneous nucleation and the crystallization rate of LDPE has been increased,especially the ZMS/LDPE composite system which heterogeneous nucleation is more obvious and crystallization rate is faster.
The Influence of Rock Pyrolysis Parameters Correction on the Hydrocarbon Expulsion Efficiency — Taking Example of Well Xu11
Authors: Xue Hai Tao , Zhang Wen Hua , Tian Shan Si , Zhang Hong Yang
Published: November 2013

In the rock pyrolysis experiment, part of the boiling point above 300°C of the high carbon number hydrocarbons and the hydrocarbon generated from pyrolysis of resin and asphaltene detected into S2, resulting in the thermolysis residual hydrocarbon "S1" is smaller than the real value, potential hydrocarbon generation of kerogen "S2" is greater than the real value. Thus using the experimental pyrolysis parameters directly calculate the hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency is greater than the real value. We used the pyrolysis parameters before and after correction, combined with the method of the restoring of original hydrocarbon potential to calculate the hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency of mudstone of Qingshankou l member of well Xu 11 in San Zhao area of Song Liao Basin. The average of the expulsion efficiency before and after the pyrolysis parameters correction are 87.4% and 66.9%. The hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency have a great difference between before and after correction, thus the pyrolysis parameters correction is particularly important in the calculation of hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency.
Analysis of Dalian Subway Tunnel Shield Construction Impact with Engineering Materials and Engineering Mechanics on Existing Bridge Pier
Authors: Li Jin Kui , Hou Qing Hao , Liang Wen Jing
Published: November 2013

In the 202 section of subway shield Dalian interval in close proximity to existing bridge as the basis, the surface settlement and bridge pier settlement observation station are established. By the 62 day of the crossing construction monitoring, the monitoring data are analyzed in detail. When surface subsidence induced by shield tunnel construction, above the measuring point start speed is faster than settling startup speed measuring points on both sides, about 2-2.5 times, subsidence range higher about 8 to 10 m ahead of time. Away from the pier side first started, and start faster than the side near the pier ,is about 1.2 times , settlement of shield construction are mainly concentrated in the distance before and after the excavation of shield machine 10 m, accounting for 80.72%-81.6% of the total settlement . At highest risk for shield construction area, we should strengthen monitoring and make contingency plans in a timely manner.
Microstructural Study of Hypereutectic Al-15%Si Containing Ce
Authors: Anasyida Abu Seman , Hussain Zuhailawati , Md. Nasir Ramdziah , Joy-Yii S.L.
Published: November 2013

In this study the effect of cerium addition on the microstructure of hypereutectic Al-15Si alloy was investigated. Experiments have been conducted on Al15Si alloys with Ce content in the alloy varied from 0 to 2.51 wt.%. The alloys were produced by casting in a permanent mould. Optical microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Vickers microhardness were used in this investigation. The results showed that the addition of 0 to 2.5 wt.% of cerium led to the formation of precipitation of rod-like Al3Ce phase in the Al-matrix. The microhardness of the alloys increases with the increase in cerium content as a result of the Al3Ce precipitation.
Characterization Copper (II) Chloride Modified Montmorillonite filled PLA Nanocomposites
Authors: Abdullah Abu Hannifa , Yusoh Kamal , Yatim Mohamad Faiz Mohamed , Effendi Siti Amirah Nor , Kamaruzaman Wan Siti Noorhashimah W.
Published: November 2013

The thermal behaviour of polymer layered silicate nanocomposite were characterised to compare the improvement of the nanocomposite with the pristine polymer. It is known that pristine polymers have some weakness in its thermal properties especially biodegradable polymers. The approach of making the nanocomposite out of modified layered silicate and biodegradable polymer is to enhance the thermal behaviour of the biodegradable polymer. The nanocomposites were produced by solution method technique using dichloromethane as a solvent and the two types of nanoclay were used. One was modified with transition metal ion and another type of nanoclay is pristine nanoclay. Wide angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to characterise the structure of the nanoclay after the modification and the type of nanocomposite obtained. Melting temperature and degradation temperature of the nanocomposite were obtained by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) respectively. Decrease in both thermal degradation temperature and melting temperature of the nanocomposites were observed.
Porous Ceramic Bodies Using Banana Stem Waste as a Pore-Forming Agent
Authors: Sengphet Keokangdong , Sato T. , Fauzi Mohd Noor Ahmad , Othman R.
Published: November 2013

The use of banana stem waste (BW) was evaluated as a pore-forming agent to manufacture a porous clay ceramic body. Raw clay was characterized by XRD, XRF and TGA. After the clay was mixed with banana stem waste, in various proportions, the mixtures were pressed before being fired at different temperatures i.e 1100°C, 1125 and 1150°C, for 3 h with a heating rate of 5°C/min. Pore formation and microstructure in the fired samples were characterized using FE-SEM, whilst bulk densities, porosities and water absorption were determined using the Archimedes method. The mechanical strength was also investigated in order to optimize the fabrication process itself. The results obtained showed shrinkages between 13.08-16.10%, density values ranging between 1.37-1.51g/cm3, whilst porosity was determined to be between 18.5 to 18.78 % and water absorption 9.77-10.06 %, respectively. The tensile strength was in the range of 9.03 to 9.80MPa. These results proved that banana stem waste (BW) is potentially capable to produce porous ceramic materials.
Properties of Lanthanum-Doped Bismuth Sodium Titanate (Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3) Prepared by Soft Combustion Technique
Authors: Cheah Mei Ling , Razak Khairunisak Abdul , Ng Chai Yan
Published: November 2013

In this work, soft combustion technique was used to study the effect of lanthanum (La) doping on the properties of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT). The amount of La dopant investigated for (Bi0.5Na0.5)(1-1.5x)LaxTiO3 (BNLT) pellets were x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.05 and 0.10 (0, 1, 2, 5 and 10 mol% La). The addition of La dopant into the BNT structure caused lattice distortion and altered the crystal symmetry of the BNT from hexagonal to tetragonal symmetry for BNLT. BNT and BNLT pellets were sintered at 1100°C for 3 hours and pure perovskite phase BNT was obtained with the addition of La up to 5 mol%. A secondary phase of Bi2(Ti2O7) appeared when the pellet was doped with 10 mol% of La dopant. Increasing of La dopant in the pellet resulted in the increasing of dielectric constant and decreasing of dielectric loss. An optimum property was obtained by 5 mol% BNLT with dielectric constant of 753 and dielectric loss of 0.0377. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Response of Metal Nanostructures
Authors: Locharoenrat Kitsakorn
Published: November 2013

The second-order responses depend on the structural symmetry of the metal nanostructures, which can give rise to interesting polarization dependences in the responses. We also show that the sensitivity of second-order processes to the symmetry provides important information about plasmonic effects in the nonlinear properties of the structures.
Synthesis In Situ Composite TiAl-Based with Particulate Al2O3 Reinforcement by Powder Metallurgy Route
Authors: Huy Tran Duc , Hai Nguyen Hong , Ishihihara Keiichi N.
Published: November 2013

A major effort has been made over last 20 or so years to introduce TiAl-based alloys into the market-place as engineering component. Recently, titanium aluminide based composites are competitive candidate for aerospace use due to the favorable properties of matrix material, such as low density, high specific strength and relative good properties at elevate temperature [1-4]. The amount of aluminum in titanium alloys exceeds that used in conventional alloys and can range from 10 to 48at%. This concentration of aluminum allows the formation of anin-situalumina reinforcement which is responsible for the excellent oxidation, sulfidation and carburization resistance at temperatures of 1000°C and higher. However, their brittleness and rapid crack growth rate at low to intermediate temperature hinders their application/3/. Nevertheless, nanostructure of monolithic TiAl is unstable at elevate temperatures which deteriorate the high temperature properties. In order to improve the high temperature strength of intermetallic, ceramic particles can be utilized as reinforcements [4, 5]. Recently, in-situ techniques have been utilized to fabricate TiAl-Al2O3composite through displacement reaction between TiO2and Al in planetary ball milling and subsequence heat treatment. The knowledge of reaction characteristic in the Al-TiO2system is great importance to optimize the processing/4, 6/. The chemical compatibility with the iron aluminide matrix at temperature above 1000°C is an important factor for the selection of reinforcements because extreme interfacial reaction during processing results in the degradation of mechanical properties [3, 4].
The Effect of FeSO4 Containing Solution on Microbiological Influenced Corrosion by Desulfovibrio Baculatus Bacteria on API 5L X65 Steel
Authors: Widyanto Bambang , Tambun Altur
Published: November 2013

Microbiological Influenced Corrosion (MIC) is a common cause of metallic failure and currently known as one of the important case in pipeline failure. Otherwise it was often found also in cooling water system, in the equipment of pulp and paper, and oil and gas industry. Certain bacteria have a wide range of life condition and can be found anywhere. Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) is a bacteria that was frequently found as a cause of corrosion in steel surface by creating pits. In this research, the corrosion test was done by using one species of SRB which is Desulfovibrio Baculatus. The water that contains bacteria growth medium (API Sulfate Broth) is used as a media for API 5L X65 steel corrosion test. Sulfate for the growing of SRB was added in the solution in 8.56 , 17.12 , 42.8 and 85.64 ppm concentration, and the immersion test was done during 1,7,14,21 days. The source of sulfate is FeSO4.7H2O, and this compound was considered also as a source of Iron (II). The result shows that the weight loss is increase with increasing of immersion period. Between 7-14 days of immersion time, the increase of weight loss that present a corrosion rate attains the highest condition and decrease again after a longer time of immersion period. Morphologic observation reveals that the corrosion product consists of Iron Oxide and biological deposits that were formed at the beginning of corrosion test, and continuing with the formation of Iron Sulfide at a longer period of immersion. The formation of Iron Sulfide was associated with the increase of corrosion rate. Keywords: MIC, SRB, Desulfovibrio Baculatus, Immersion, FeSO4 content.
The Effect of Surfactant Extraction Method on Pore Characteristics of Mesoporous Carbonated Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Mohammad Nur Farahiyah , Othman Radzali , Yeoh Fei Yee
Published: November 2013

Incorporated with pore sizes of 2-50 nm, CHA was found to be a promising drug delivery agent for disease treatment and could be a carrier for different types of proteins. A desired drug delivery system should consist of an ordered pore network, optimum pore size, and volume, as well as a high surface area, to allow a high drug adsorption rate, controllable drug loading, and release. However, until now, most results are still not up to expectation; since the BET surface area and pore volume obtained has been rather low, compared to the existing mesoporous silica. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of surfactant washing on the pore characteristics and the importance of this step in the synthesis process of mesoporous carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA). In this study, mesostructured CHA particles were prepared, via a self-assembly mechanism, between CHA and non-ionic surfactant (P123), using the co-precipitation synthesis method. The synthesized mesoporous CHA samples were washed five times using different types of solvents for surfactant removal. A sphere-like particle shape of CHA was observed under SEM for all samples; regardless of the type of solvent used. The formation of CHA was confirmed by FTIR analysis, where the carbonate ion peaks were observed in the spectrums. It was found that the mesoporous CHA with a high surface area was synthesized when high polarity solvents were used during surfactant washing. These results imply that high surface area mesoporous CHA can be obtained through surfactant washing, without applying calcination for surfactant removal, which may change the structure of the CHA during heat treatment.