bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Modern Playhouse Manuscripts and the Editing of Shakespeare
Authors: Werstine Paul
Published: January 2013

Early Modern Playhouse Manuscripts and the Editing of Shakespeare argues for editing Shakespeare's plays in a new way, without pretending to distinguish authorial from theatrical versions. Drawing on the work of the influential scholars A. W. Pollard and W. W. Greg, Werstine tackles the difficult issues surrounding 'foul papers' and 'promptbooks' to redefine these fundamental categories of current Shakespeare editing. In an extensive and detailed analysis, this book offers insight into the methods of theatrical personnel and a reconstruction of backstage practices in playhouses of Shakespeare's time. The book also includes a detailed analysis of nineteen manuscripts and three quartos marked up for performance - documents that together provide precious insight into how plays were put into production. Using these surviving manuscripts as a framework, Werstine goes on to explore editorial choices about what to give today's readers as 'Shakespeare'.
Levels of Personality
Authors: Cook Mark
Published: January 2013

A completely revised and updated edition of a much-acclaimed textbook providing a critical introduction to human personality for psychology students. Levels of Personality carefully avoids the traditional 'catalogue of theories' approach. Instead it relates theories to each other within a conceptual framework of different levels of behaviour, moving inwards and downwards from 'surface level' explanations. Analytic case studies then apply these levels of understanding to areas of special interest such as aggression and sexuality. The author adopts a deep analytical and critical approach and questions whether personality theory and research have really addressed important questions, or produced useful answers. This new edition incorporates two new chapters on personality disorders and on personality in the workplace, as well as improved pedagogical features including statistics boxes, assessment boxes, relevant websites and key references for each chapter.
Congress and the Politics of Problem Solving
Authors: Adler E. Scott , Wilkerson John D.
Published: January 2013

How do issues end up on the agenda? Why do lawmakers routinely invest in program oversight and broad policy development? What considerations drive legislative policy change? For many, Congress is an institution consumed by partisan bickering and gridlock. Yet the institution's long history of addressing significant societal problems - even in recent years - seems to contradict this view. Congress and the Politics of Problem Solving argues that the willingness of many voters to hold elected officials accountable for societal conditions is central to appreciating why Congress responds to problems despite the many reasons mustered for why it cannot. The authors show that, across decades of policy making, problem-solving motivations explain why bipartisanship is a common pattern of congressional behavior and offer the best explanation for legislative issue attention and policy change.
Money and Banks in the American Political System
Authors: Lavelle Kathryn C.
Published: January 2013

In Money and Banks in the American Political System, debates over financial politics are woven into the political fabric of the state and contemporary conceptions of the American dream. The author argues that the political sources of instability in finance derive from the nexus between market innovation and regulatory arbitrage. This book explores monetary, fiscal and regulatory policies within a political culture characterized by the separation of business and state, and mistrust of the concentration of power in any one political or economic institution. The bureaucratic arrangements among the branches of government, the Federal Reserve, executive agencies, and government sponsored enterprises incentivize agencies to compete for budgets, resources, governing authority and personnel.
The Sources of Social Power
Authors: Mann Michael
Published: January 2013

Distinguishing four sources of power – ideological, economic, military and political – this series traces their interrelations throughout human history. This fourth volume covers the period from 1945 to the present, focusing on the three major pillars of post-war global order: capitalism, the nation-state system and the sole remaining empire of the world, the United States. In the course of this period, capitalism, nation-states and empires interacted with one another and were transformed. Mann's key argument is that globalization is not just a single process, because there are globalizations of all four sources of social power, each of which has a different rhythm of development. Topics include the rise and beginnings of decline of the American Empire, the fall or transformation of communism (respectively, the Soviet Union and China), the shift from neo-Keynesianism to neoliberalism, and the three great crises emerging in this period – nuclear weapons, the great recession and climate change.
Party Pursuits and The Presidential-House Election Connection, 1900–2008
Authors: Stonecash Jeffrey M.
Published: January 2013

This study proposes and assesses an alternative explanation of the changes in the relationship between presidential and House of Representatives election results during the last century. Jeffrey M. Stonecash argues that the separation of presidential and House election results that occurred from the 1960s to 1980 was a party-driven process, with both parties seeking to change their electoral base. Republicans sought a more conservative electoral base to counter what they saw as disturbing liberal trends in the nation. Democrats sought to reduce their reliance on the South and its conservativism. Presidential and House election results changed at different rates, creating an appearance that they were unconnected, but they eventually came together. Although many saw these changes in election results as evidence of parties' decline, this study reaffirms their position as central actors in bringing about change.
Market Justice
Authors: Kaup Brent Z.
Published: January 2013

Market Justice explores the challenges for the new global left as it seeks to construct alternative means of societal organization. Focusing on Bolivia, Brent Z. Kaup examines a testing ground of neoliberal and counter-neoliberal policies and an exemplar of bottom-up globalization. Kaup argues that radical shifts towards and away from free market economic trajectories are not merely shaped by battles between transnational actors and local populations, but also by conflicts between competing domestic elites and the ability of the oppressed to overcome traditional class divides. Further, the author asserts that struggles against free markets are not evidence of opposition to globalization or transnational corporations. They should instead be understood as struggles over the forms of global integration and who benefits from them.
Tested by Zion
Authors: Abrams Elliott
Published: January 2013

This book tells the full inside story of the Bush Administration and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Written by a top National Security Council officer who worked at the White House with Bush, Cheney, and Rice and attended dozens of meetings with figures like Sharon, Mubarak, the kings of Jordan and Saudi Arabia, and Palestinian leaders, it brings the reader inside the White House and the palaces of Middle Eastern officials. How did 9/11 change American policy toward Arafat and Sharon's tough efforts against the Second Intifada? What influence did the Saudis have on President Bush? Did the American approach change when Arafat died? How did Sharon decide to get out of Gaza, and why did the peace negotiations fail? In the first book by an administration official to focus on Bush and the Middle East, Elliott Abrams brings the story of Bush, the Israelis, and the Palestinians to life.
Martin Luther King Jr. and the Morality of Legal Practice
Authors: Vischer Robert K.
Published: January 2013

This book seeks to reframe our understanding of the lawyer's work by exploring how Martin Luther King, Jr built his advocacy on a coherent set of moral claims regarding the demands of love and justice in light of human nature. King never shirked from staking out challenging claims of moral truth, even while remaining open to working with those who rejected those truths. His example should inspire the legal profession as a reminder that truth-telling, even in a society that often appears morally balkanized, has the capacity to move hearts and minds. At the same time, his example should give the profession pause, for King's success would have been impossible without his substantive views about human nature and the ends of justice. This book is an effort to reframe our conception of morality's relevance to professionalism through the lens provided by the public and prophetic advocacy of Dr King.
The Logic and Limits of Political Reform in China
Authors: Fewsmith Joseph
Published: January 2013

In the 1990s China embarked on a series of political reforms intended to increase, however modestly, political participation to reduce the abuse of power by local officials. Although there was initial progress, these reforms have largely stalled and, in many cases, gone backward. If there were sufficient incentives to inaugurate reform, why wasn't there enough momentum to continue and deepen them? This book approaches this question by looking at a number of promising reforms, understanding the incentives of officials at different levels, and the way the Chinese Communist Party operates at the local level. The short answer is that the sort of reforms necessary to make local officials more responsible to the citizens they govern cut too deeply into the organizational structure of the party.
Adding MUFA to a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods reduces apoAI fractional catabolic rate in subjects with dyslipidaemia
Authors: Labonté Marie-Ève , Jenkins David J. A. , Lewis Gary F. , Chiavaroli Laura , Wong Julia M. W. , Kendall Cyril W. C. , Hogue Jean-Charles , Couture Patrick , Lamarche Benoît
Published: January 2013

The present randomised parallel study assessed the impact of adding MUFA to a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods on the intravascular kinetics of apoAI- and apoB-containing lipoproteins in subjects with dyslipidaemia. A sample of sixteen men and postmenopausal women consumed a run-in stabilisation diet for 4 weeks. Subjects were then randomly assigned to an experimental dietary portfolio either high or low in MUFA for another 4 weeks. MUFA substituted 13·0 % of total energy from carbohydrate (CHO) in the high-MUFA dietary portfolio. Lipoprotein kinetics were assessed after the run-in and portfolio diets using a primed, constant infusion of [2H3]leucine and multicompartmental modelling. The high-MUFA dietary portfolio resulted in higher apoAI pool size (PS) compared with the low-MUFA dietary portfolio (15·9 % between-diet difference,P= 0·03). This difference appeared to be mainly attributable to a reduction in apoAI fractional catabolic rate (FCR) after the high-MUFA diet ( − 5·6 %,P= 0·02v. pre-diet values), with no significant change in production rate. The high-MUFA dietary portfolio tended to reduce LDL apoB100 PS compared with the low-MUFA dietary portfolio ( − 28·5 % between-diet difference,P= 0·09), predominantly through an increase in LDL apoB100 FCR (23·2 % between-diet difference,P= 0·04). These data suggest that adding MUFA to a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods provides the added advantage of raising HDL primarily through a reduction in HDL clearance rate. Replacing CHO with MUFA in a dietary portfolio may also lead to reductions in LDL apoB100 concentrations primarily by increasing LDL clearance rate, thus potentiating further the well-known cholesterol-lowering effect of this diet.
Perceived thickness and creaminess modulates the short-term satiating effects of high-protein drinks
Authors: Bertenshaw Emma J. , Lluch Anne , Yeomans Martin R.
Published: January 2013

Previous research suggests that increasing beverage protein content enhances subsequent satiety, but whether this effect is entirely attributable to post-ingestive effects of protein or is partly caused by the distinct sensory characteristics imparted by the presence of protein remains unclear. To try and discriminate nutritive from sensory effects of added protein, we contrasted effects of three higher-energy (about 1·2 MJ) and one lower-energy (LE: 0·35 MJ) drink preloads on subsequent appetite and lunch intake. Two higher-energy drinks had 44 % of energy from protein, one with the sensory characteristics of a juice drink (HP − , low-sensory protein) and the second a thicker and creamier (HP+, high-sensory protein) drink. The high-carbohydrate preload (HC+, high-sensory carbohydrate) was matched for thickness and creaminess to the HP+ drink. Participants (healthy male volunteers,n26) consumed significantly less at lunch after the HP+(566 g) and HC+(572 g) than after HP −  (623 g) and LE (668 g) drinks, although the compensation for drink energy accounted for only 50 % of extra energy at best. Appetite ratings indicated that participants felt significantly less hungry and more full immediately before lunch in HP+ and HC+ groups compared with LE, with HP −  being intermediate. The finding that protein generated stronger satiety in the context of a thicker creamier drink (HP+ but not HP − ) and that an isoenergetic carbohydrate drink (HC+), matched in thickness and creaminess to the HP+ drink, generated the same pattern of satiety as HP+, both suggest an important role for these sensory cues in the development of protein-based satiety.
Impact of climate change on harvest security and biomass yield of two timothy ley harvesting systems in Norway
Authors: PERSSON T. , HÖGLIND M.
Published: January 2013

Predicted future climate changes in northern Europe include increased air temperature and altered precipitation patterns. There is a lack of knowledge about potential climate change effects on the biomass yield and security of agricultural crops. The present study determined the potential impact of future climate change on the yield and harvest security of timothy (Phleum pratense L.). Harvest security was assessed using data on accumulated precipitation and the length of dry spell period within the 7 days after cutting. Timothy production as a function of weather, soil and management practices was simulated using the LINGRA model for the periods 1961–90, 2046–65 and 2080–99, and the locations Apelsvoll, Ås, Sola, Tromsø and Værnes in Norway and harvest systems with 600 and 800 °C days between cuts. One hundred years of daily weather data were generated with the LARS-WG tool, using future daily weather data sets based on 12 Global Climate Models. Total seasonal biomass yield varied between 690 g dry matter (DM)/m2 for the 800 °C days harvesting regime in the period 1961–90 at Tromsø and 1548 g DM/m2 for the same harvesting regime in the period 2046–65 at Sola. In general, the biomass was higher in the two future periods than in 1961–90 across locations and harvesting regimes, mainly owing to more cuts per season. Accumulated precipitation after cutting varied between 12·2 mm after the first cut for the 600 °C days harvesting regime in the period 1961–90 at Værnes and 42·5 mm after the fourth cut in the 800 °C days harvesting regime in the period 2080–99 at Sola. The longest duration of dry spell 7 days after pre-planned harvest varied between 1·8 days after the fourth cut at Sola in the 600 °C days harvesting regime for the period 2080–99, and 3·9 days after the first cut at Ås in the 800 °C days harvesting regime for the period 2046–65. Potential consequences of these results are discussed.
Exploring the ameliorative potential of probiotic Dahi containingLactobacillus acidophilusandBifidobacterium bifidumon dextran sodium sulphate induced colitis in mice
Authors: Jadhav Sagar R. , Shandilya Umesh Kr. , Kansal Vinod K.
Published: January 2013

Conventional medical therapies for ulcerative colitis (UC) are still limited due to the adverse side effects like dose-dependent diarrhoea and insufficient potency to keep in remission for long-term periods. So, new alternatives that provide more effective and safe therapies for ulcerative colitis are constantly being sought. In the present study, probiotic LaBb Dahi was selected for investigation of its therapeutic effect on DSS-induced colitis model in mice. LaBb Dahi was prepared by co-culturing Dahi culture of Lactococci along with selected strain ofLactobacillus acidophilusLaVK2 andBifidobacterium bifidumBbVK3 in buffalo milk. Four groups of mice (12 each) were fed for 17 d with buffalo milk (normal control), buffalo milk plus DSS (Colitis control), Dahi plus DSS, and LaBb Dahi plus DSS, respectively, with basal diet. The disease activity scores, weight loss, organ weight, colon length, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and β-glucoronidase activity was assessed, and the histopathological picture of the colon of mice was studied. All colitis control mice evidenced significant increase in MPO, β-glucoronidase activity and showed high disease activity scores along with histological damage to colonic tissue. Feeding with LaBb Dahi offered significant reduction in MPO activity, β-glucoronidase activity and improved disease activity scores. We found significant decline in length of colon, organ weight and body weight in colitis induced controls which were improved significantly by feeding LaBb Dahi. The present study suggests that LaBb Dahi can be used as a potential nutraceutical intervention to combat UC related changes and may offer effective adjunctive treatment for management of UC.
Socio-economic status over the lifecourse and internet use in older adulthood
Authors: SILVER MICHELLE PANNOR
Published: January 2013

This study explored associations between socio-economic status (SES) at different phases in the lifecourse and regular internet use among older adults. A sample (N = 11,035) from the 2010 wave of the United States Health and Retirement Study was used. Odds ratios were estimated to explore the relationship between regular internet use in older adulthood and measures of SES in childhood and in adulthood, and cumulative SES. Findings provided support for the lifecourse perspective, suggesting that variations observed among older adults are reflective of cumulative experiences. Three main themes emerged: higher SES in childhood increased the odds of being an internet user in older adulthood; SES advantages tended to accumulate, so that having at least one period of high SES in the lifecourse increased the odds of being an internet user in older adulthood; age did not appear to modify the positive relationship between cumulative SES and internet use.
Effects of Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury on Anticipating Consequences of Actions in Adolescents: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Cook Lori G. , Hanten Gerri , Orsten Kimberley D. , Chapman Sandra B. , Li Xiaoqi , Wilde Elisabeth A. , Schnelle Kathleen P. , Levin Harvey S.
Published: January 2013

For this pilot study, we compared performance of 15 adolescents with moderate–severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) to that of 13 typically developing (TD) adolescents in predicting social actions and consequences for avatars in a virtual microworld environment faced with dilemmas involving legal or moral infractions. Performance was analyzed in relation to cortical thickness in brain regions implicated in social cognition. Groups did not differ in number of actions predicted nor in reasons cited for predictions when presented only the conflict situation. After viewing the entire scenario, including the choice made by the avatar, TD and TBI adolescents provided similar numbers of short-term consequences. However, TD adolescents provided significantly more long-term consequences (p = .010). Additionally, for the Overall qualitative score, TD adolescents’ responses were more likely to reflect the long-term impact of the decision made (p = .053). Groups differed in relation of the Overall measure to thickness of right medial prefrontal cortex/frontal pole and precuneus, with stronger relations for the TD group (p < .01). For long-term consequences, the relations to the posterior cingulate, superior medial frontal, and precentral regions, and to a lesser extent, the middle temporal region, were stronger for the TBI group (p < .01). (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–10.)
pH Sensitive DNA Devices
Authors: Saha Sonali , Krishnan* Yamuna
Published: January 2013

The physicochemical properties of small molecules as well as macromolecules are modulated by solution pH, and DNA is no exception. Special sequences of DNA can adopt unusual conformations e.g., triplex, i-motif and A-motif, depending on solution pH. The specific range of pH for these unusual structures is dictated by the pKa of protonation of the relevant nucleobase involved in the resultant non-canonical base pairing that is required to stabilise the structure. The biological significance of these pH-dependent structures is not yet clear. However, these non-B-DNA structures have been used to design different devices to direct chemical reactions, generate mechanical force, sense pH, etc. The performance of these devices can be monitored by a photonic signal. They are autonomous and their ‘waste free’ operation cycles makes them highly processive. Applications of these devices help to increase understanding of the structural polymorphism of the motifs themselves. The design of these devices has continuously evolved to improve their performance efficiency in different contexts. In some examples, these devices have been shown to perform inside complex living systems with similar efficiencies, to report on the chemical environment there. The robust performance of these devices opens up exciting possibilities for pH-sensitive DNA devices in the study of various pH-regulated biological events.
Nanochannel induced advection with reaction-diffusion dynamics of reacting ions leads to self-assembly of ordered cylindrical structures
Authors: Kiruthiga J. , Chatterji Apratim
Published: January 2013

We present a theoretical model, which elucidates the physical principles involved in the formation of very uniform CdS nanocylinders of different radii by combining the physics of flow, diffusion, self assembly, and aggregation of constituent particles. Very recent experiments report that when 0.1M solutions of CdCl2 and Na2S were allowed to mix through some anodised aluminium oxide (AAO) nanochannels, one observes the growth of an array of CdS nano-cylinders on only one end of the AAO template [A. Varghese and S. Datta, Phys. Rev. E 85, 056104 (2012)10.1103/PhysRevE.85.056104]. These cylinders have a pore along the center of the cylinder but closed at one end. The reaction happens only in the Na2S chamber, and growth of cylinders of uniform size and shape continues as long as the supply of the reactant molecules (CdCl2 and Na2S) is maintained. To try to understand the physics of the observed phenomenon, we propose a model where the Cd+2 ions exit the AAO-nanochannel to enter Na2S chamber with a finite velocity; these ions then react with the diffusing S−2 ions to form CdS, which then self assemble to form cylinders of uniform width and cross-section. The flow of Cd+2 out of the AAO nano-channel is the key symmetry breaking feature, which facilitates the formation of uniform cylindrical structures of CdS instead of a CdS precipitate. Since our model does not crucially depend on the chemical details of the reaction, this mechanism can be extended to self-assemble other structures of relevance.
CoFeB spin polarizer layer composition effect on magnetization and magneto-transport properties of Co/Pd-based multilayers in pseudo-spin valve structures
Authors: Tahmasebi T. , Piramanayagam S. N. , Sbiaa R. , Chong T. C.
Published: January 2013

In this work, we used CoxFe80-xB20 (x = 60, 40, 20) as spin-polarizing layers (SPLs) in order to investigate the composition of the CoFeB-SPL on the magnetoresistance in Co/Pd multilayers-based pseudo-spin-valves (PSVs) with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). In both soft layer and hard layer, the PMA was achieved by tuning the interface anisotropy and bulk anisotropy between SPL and Co/Pd multilayers. For all the films, giant magnetoresistance (GMR) was found to decrease with increasing SPL thickness in the as-deposited case, irrespective of the CoFeB atomic composition and saturation magnetization (Ms). However, interesting behavior is observed when the films were post annealed. Although GMR degradation is expected after annealing, a peak of GMR was observed after post annealing the samples at 250 °C. This peak is stronger for the samples with thicker SPLs than those with thinner SPLs. Nonetheless, further increase in annealing temperature causes a reduction in GMR which is found to be larger in Co rich atomic composition samples with a lower Ms. In the case of thicker CoFeB SPL (15 Å), the magnetization of overall composite (Co/Pd)/CoFeB soft layer appears to be canted from out of plane direction. Among the three compositions investigated, Co60Fe20B20 polarizer shows a stronger PMA due to its lower Ms, leading to the weaker demagnetizing field. In addition, this study also indicates that the crystallographic texture of Co/Pd multilayers plays a role in GMR of PSV stack structures.
A simple class of singular, two species Vlasov equilibria sustaining nonmonotonic potential distributions
Authors: Nocera L. , Palumbo L. J.
Published: January 2013

We present new elementary, exact weak singular solutions of the steady state, two species, electrostatic, one dimensional Vlasov-Poisson equations. The distribution of the hot, finite mass, mobile ions is assumed to be log singular at the position of the electric potential's minimum. We show that the electron energy distributions on opposite sides of this minimum are not equal. This leads to a jump discontinuity of the electron distribution across its separatrix. A simple relation exists between the difference of these two electron distributions and that of the ions. The velocity Fourier transform of the electron singular distribution is smooth and appears as a simple Neumann series. Elementary, finite amplitude profiles of the electric potential result from Poisson equation, which are smoothly, but nonmonotonically and asymmetrically distributed in space. Two such profiles are given explicitly as appropriate for a nonmonotonic double layer and for a plasma bounded by a surface. The distributions of both electrons and ions supporting such potential meet smooth and kinetically stable boundary conditions at one plasma boundary. For sufficiently small potential to electron temperature ratios, the nonthermal, discontinuous electron distribution resulting at the other plasma boundary is also stable against Landau damped perturbations of the electron distribution.
Figure of merit for and identification of sub-60 mV/decade devices
Authors: Vandenberghe William G. , Verhulst Anne S. , Sorée Bart , Magnus Wim , Groeseneken Guido , Smets Quentin , Heyns Marc , Fischetti Massimo V.
Published: January 2013

A figure of merit I60 is proposed for sub-60 mV/decade devices as the highest current where the input characteristics exhibit a transition from sub- to super-60 mV/decade behavior. For sub-60 mV/decade devices to be competitive with metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect devices, I60 has to be in the 1-10 μA/μm range. The best experimental tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs) in the literature only have an I60 of 6×10−3 μA/μm but using theoretical simulations, we show that an I60 of up to 10 μA/μm should be attainable. It is proven that the Schottky barrier FET (SBFET) has a 60 mV/decade subthreshold swing limit while combining a SBFET and a TFET does improve performance.
The effect of quantization on the full configuration interaction quantum Monte Carlo sign problem
Authors: Kolodrubetz M. H. , Spencer J. S. , Clark B. K. , Foulkes W. M.C.
Published: January 2013

The sign problem in full configuration interaction quantum Monte Carlo (FCIQMC) without annihilation can be understood as an instability of the psi-particle population to the ground state of the matrix obtained by making all off-diagonal elements of the Hamiltonian negative. Such a matrix, and hence the sign problem, is basis dependent. In this paper, we discuss the properties of a physically important basis choice: first versus second quantization. For a given choice of single-particle orbitals, we identify the conditions under which the fermion sign problem in the second quantized basis of antisymmetric Slater determinants is identical to the sign problem in the first quantized basis of unsymmetrized Hartree products. We also show that, when the two differ, the fermion sign problem is always less severe in the second quantized basis. This supports the idea that FCIQMC, even in the absence of annihilation, improves the sign problem relative to first quantized methods. Finally, we point out some theoretically interesting classes of Hamiltonians where first and second quantized sign problems differ, and others where they do not.
Electric field induced instabilities of thin leaky bilayers: Pathways to unique morphologies and miniaturization
Authors: Mondal Kartick , Kumar Prashant , Bandyopadhyay Dipankar
Published: January 2013

Charge leakage of the weakly conducting liquid layers in a thin bilayer can engender interesting interfacial instabilities when exposed to an external electrostatic field. A general linear stability analysis including the full descriptions of the Maxwell stresses uncovers the key short to long-wave features of the instabilities of the bilayers composed of purely dielectric films, leaky dielectric films, and a combination of leaky and dielectric films. The study highlights that for the leaky bilayers the additional electrostatic stress due to the presence of free charges at the interface(s) can significantly reduce the length scale to enforce pattern miniaturization. Unlike a purely dielectric bilayer where the dielectric-contrast across the interfaces dictates the direction of the interfacial deformations, for leaky bilayers the nature of the charge (positive or negative) at the interface can also contribute to the deformation towards or away from the electrodes (anode or cathode). Nonlinear simulations uncover that the interfaces can develop unique morphologies when the spatiotemporal variation of the attractive or repulsive force at the charged interface act together or against the electrical stress due to the induced charge separation across the interface. Exploiting these features a host of periodic interfacial patterns such as core-shell columns, a hole encapsulated by a column, a bundle of columns embedded inside a single column, a collection of holes embedded under a column, and “caged” columns are obtained, which are rather difficult to assemble using other conventional patterning techniques. The results reported can be of importance in the diverse areas of micro/nanotechnology.
Noncommutative residue and sub-Dirac operators for foliations
Authors: Wang Jian , Wang Yong
Published: January 2013

In this paper, we define lower dimensional volumes associated with sub-Dirac operators for foliations. In some cases, we compute these lower dimensional volumes. We also prove the Kastler-Kalau-Walze type theorems for foliations with or without boundary. As a corollary, we give an explanation of the gravitational action for the Robertson-Walker space [a, b] ×f M3.
Ab initio study of edge effect on relative motion of walls in carbon nanotubes
Authors: Popov Andrey M. , Lebedeva Irina V. , Knizhnik Andrey A. , Lozovik Yurii E. , Potapkin Boris V.
Published: January 2013

Interwall interaction energies of double-walled nanotubes with long inner and short outer walls are calculated as functions of coordinates describing relative rotation and displacement of the walls using van der Waals corrected density functional theory. The magnitude of corrugation and the shape of the potential energy relief are found to be very sensitive to changes of the shorter wall length at subnanometer scale and atomic structure of the edges if at least one of the walls is chiral. Threshold forces required to start relative motion of the short walls and temperatures at which the transition between diffusive and free motion of the short walls takes place are estimated. The edges are also shown to provide a considerable contribution to the barrier to relative rotation of commensurate nonchiral walls. For such walls, temperatures of orientational melting, i.e., the crossover from rotational diffusion to free relative rotation, are estimated. The possibility to produce nanotube-based bolt/nut pairs and nanobearings is discussed.
Effect of chromium underlayer on the properties of nano-crystalline diamond films
Authors: Garratt E. , AlFaify S. , Yoshitake T. , Katamune Y. , Bowden M. , Nandasiri M. , Ghantasala M. , Mancini D. C. , Thevuthasan S. , Kayani A.
Published: January 2013

This paper investigated the effect of chromium underlayer on the structure, microstructure, and composition of the nano-crystalline diamond films. Nano-crystalline diamond thin films were deposited at high temperature in microwave-induced plasma diluted with nitrogen, on single crystal silicon substrate with a thin film of chromium as an underlayer. Characterization of the film was implemented using non-Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure, x-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy. Nanoindentation studies showed that the films deposited on chromium underlayer have higher hardness values compared to those deposited on silicon without an underlayer. Diamond and graphitic phases of the films evaluated by x-ray and optical spectroscopic analyses determined consistency between the sp2 and sp3 phases of carbon in chromium sample to that of diamond grown on silicon. Diffusion of chromium was observed using ion beam analysis which was correlated with the formation of chromium complexes by x-ray diffraction.
BiFeO3/YBa2Cu3O7−δ heterostructures for strong ferroelectric modulation of superconductivity
Authors: Crassous A. , Bernard R. , Fusil S. , Bouzehouane K. , Briatico J. , Bibes M. , Barthélémy A. , Villegas Javier E.
Published: January 2013

We describe the growth, structural, and functional characterization of BiFeO3/YBa2Cu3O7−δ ferroelectric/superconductor heterostructures. High-structural-quality bilayers are obtained, which display good ferroelectric and superconducting properties. We demonstrate that an unusually strong field-effect modulation of the YBa2Cu3O7−δ superconducting critical temperature can be produced upon ferroelectric switching of the BiFeO3 overlayer, and we show that this effect is non-volatile and reversible.
Relationship between disease-specific structures of amyloid fibrils and their mechanical properties
Authors: Yoon Gwonchan , Kab Kim Young , Eom Kilho , Na Sungsoo
Published: January 2013

It has recently been reported that the mechanical behavior of prion nanofibrils may play a critical role in expression of neurodegenerative diseases. In this work, we have studied the mechanical behavior of HET-s prion nanofibrils using an elastic network model. We have shown that the mechanical properties of prion nanofibrils formed as left-handed β-helices are different from those of non-prion nanofibrils formed as right-handed β-helices. In particular, the bending behavior of prion nanofibrils depends on the length of the nanofibril and that the bending rigidity of the prion nanofibril is larger than that of the non-prion nanofibril.
Energy distribution of electron flux at electrodes in a low pressure capacitively coupled plasma
Authors: Rauf Shahid , Dorf Leonid , Kenney Jason , Collins Ken
Published: January 2013

A one-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) model is used to examine the energy distribution of electron flux at electrodes [labeled ge(ε,t), where ε is energy and t is time] in a low pressure 60 MHz capacitively coupled Ar discharge. The effect of gas pressure and an auxiliary DC voltage on ge(ε,t) is also investigated. It is found that the electrons only leave the plasma for a short time period during the radio-frequency (RF) cycle when the sheath collapses at the electrode. Furthermore, majority of the exiting electrons have energies below 10 eV with a distribution ge(ε,t) that is narrow in both energy and time. At relatively high pressures (≥4.67 Pa for the conditions considered), the relationship between the time-average distribution ge(ε) and electron temperature in the plasma (Te) can be easily established. Below 4.67 Pa, kinetic effects become important, making it difficult to interpret ge(ε) in terms of Te. At low pressures, ge(ε,t) is found to broaden in both energy and time except for a narrow pressure range around 1.2 Pa where the distribution narrows temporally. These low pressure kinetic phenomena are observed when the electrons can be accelerated by expanding sheaths to speeds that allow them to traverse the inter-electrode distance quickly (<1.5 RF cycles for conditions considered) and when electrons undergo few collisions during this excursion. The mean energy of exiting electrons increases with decreasing gas pressure, especially below 1.0 Pa, due to higher Te and secondary electrons retaining a larger fraction of the energy they gained during initial sheath acceleration. For the relatively small DC voltages examined (|Vdc|/Vrf ≤ 0.15), the application of a negative DC voltage on an electrode decreases the electron flux there but has a weak impact on the ge profile.
Entangled triblock copolymer gel: Morphological and mechanical properties
Authors: Chantawansri Tanya L. , Sirk Timothy W. , Sliozberg Yelena R.
Published: January 2013

The morphological and mechanical properties of entangled ABA triblock copolymer gels, where solvent were selective to the midblock, were studied as a function of polymer concentration using a novel dissipative particle dynamics model which includes a modified segmental repulsive potential that restricts chain crossing. Morphological properties, such as micelle size, distance between micelles, and the bridge fraction, were calculated as a function of concentration. Although the micelle size was shown to have a strong dependence on concentration, the bridge fraction and distance between micelles were shown to plateau at moderate concentrations. Deformation under uni-axial tension was also performed to extract the cross-link and entanglement contribution to the elastic modulus. Scaling results qualitatively agree with other theoretical predications.
Note: Interference effects elimination in wave plates manufacture
Authors: Chen Wenxue , Zhang Shulian , Long Xingwu
Published: January 2013

Wave plate manufacturing precision is critical to the functionality of the instruments that use these wave plates among their optical components. In current manufacturing processes, the optical interference effects of the wave plate affect the manufacturing precision of the plate itself. To manufacture high-precision wave plates, we have researched the physical mechanism of these interference effects theoretically. Based on our analysis, an interference effects elimination structure is proposed that will allow us to ignore the interference effects of the wave plate. On the basis of this work, the precision of manufacture can be improved greatly.
Mesoporous germanium morphology transformation for lift-off process and substrate re-use
Authors: Boucherif Abderraouf , Beaudin Guillaume , Aimez Vincent , Arès Richard
Published: January 2013

The morphology of electrochemically formed mesoporous Ge double-layer and its transformations during ultra-high-vacuum annealing at 600–700 °C are investigated by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the transformation occurs via mass transport at constant volume. The process transforms the pores into faceted spherical voids. These findings determine the optimal conditions for the transformation of the mesoporous Ge into a useful structure, which consists of a 1.8 μm thick monocrystalline Ge film with buried lateral cavities allowing for subsequent lift-off. The monocrystalline nature of the film and its suitability as a seed layer for GaAs epitaxy are demonstrated by X-ray diffraction.
Nonlinear response of an ultracompact waveguide Fabry-Pérot resonator
Authors: Sederberg S. , Elezzabi A. Y.
Published: January 2013

We experimentally demonstrate active tuning of an ultracompact silicon-on-insulator trapezoid Fabry-Pérot resonator having a volume of 5.31 μm3. We show that the ultrafast nonlinear dynamics arising from two-photon and free-carrier absorption can be used to achieve a signal attenuation of 66% in the device, and the changes in the steady-state resonant properties of the device resulting from the thermo-optic effect induce a large red-shift in its resonance of Δλ = 7.57 nm. It is envisaged that the insight gained from this class of device will be valuable in the integrated optics community as ultrafast modulators, and switches are designed to occupy smaller volumes.
An extended defect as a sensor for free carrier diffusion in a semiconductor
Authors: Gfroerer T. H. , Zhang Yong , Wanlass M. W.
Published: January 2013

We use confocal photoluminescence microscopy to study carrier diffusion near an isolated extended defect (ED) in GaAs. We observe that the carrier diffusion length varies non-monotonically with carrier density, which we attribute to competition between point defects and the extended defect. High density laser illumination induces a permanent change in the structure of the extended defect, more significantly an apparent change in the effective polarity of the defect, and thus a drastic change in its range of influence. The inferred switch of principal diffusing species leads to a potential design consideration for high injection optoelectronic devices.
Controlling laser emission by selecting crystal orientation
Authors: Chen Lijuan , Han Shujuan , Wang Zhengping , Wang Jiyang , Zhang Huanjin , Yu Haohai , Han Shuo , Xu Xinguang
Published: January 2013

Based on the anisotropy of laser crystal, we demonstrate a method of adjusting laser emission by selecting crystal orientation. When the light propagating direction varies from a to c axis of Nd:LiGd(MoO4)2 crystal, emission wavelength exhibits a sensitive change of 1061 nm → 1061/1062 + 1068 nm → 1068 nm. The experimental discipline is well explained by a theoretical study of simulating on the spatial distribution of stimulated emission cross-section. This letter manifests that the laser property along non-principal-axis direction is also valuable for research and application, which breaks through the traditional custom of using laser materials processed along principal-axis.
Optimal spin-state transition in singly occupied quantum dots network
Authors: Yaghouti M. , Sharifi M. J. , Kazemi A.
Published: January 2013

We present a general model to study the spin-state transition in a network of singly occupied lateral quantum dots. The perturbative expansion of the extended Hubbard model is used to describe the dynamics of confined electrons as an effective spin Hamiltonian in the strong correlation regime. To optimize the transition, we apply the gradient ascent pulse engineering algorithm to control the exchange couplings constrained to the manifolds evaluated by Heitler-London approximation. The method is applicable to an arbitrary number of quantum dots in any arrangement. Results of the method applied to the case of triple quantum dot are presented for linear and triangular topologies.
Magnetostatic interactions in various magnetosome clusters
Authors: Usov N. A. , Fdez-Gubieda M. L. , Barandiarán J. M.
Published: January 2013

Hysteretic properties of dilute assemblies of various types of magnetosome clusters, i.e., linear chains, closed rings, and random three-dimensional (3D) configurations are studied by means of numerical simulation. It is shown that after averaging over random particle positions and random orientations of the particle easy anisotropy axes, there remain only several physical parameters that determine the shape of the assembly hysteresis loop: the cluster topology, the characteristic value of the magnetostatic interaction field, and the number of the nanoparticles within the cluster. The strong magnetostatic interaction between the particles increases significantly the coercive force of an assembly of linear chains or circular rings. On the other hand, for these assemblies, the type of the random anisotropy assumed as well as the number of the particles within the cluster has only minor effect on the hysteresis loop shape. For an assembly of 3D magnetosome clusters, the remanent magnetization shows strong dependence on the volume fractions of magnetic nanoparticles, contrary to the coercive force behavior.
Tailoring the laser pulse shape to improve the quality of the self-injected electron beam in laser wakefield acceleration
Authors: Upadhyay Ajay K. , Samant Sushil A. , Krishnagopal S.
Published: January 2013

In laser wakefield acceleration, tailoring the shape of the laser pulse is one way of influencing the laser-plasma interaction and, therefore, of improving the quality of the self-injected electron beam in the bubble regime. Using three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, the evolution dynamics of the laser pulse and the quality of the self-injected beam, for a Gaussian pulse, a positive skew pulse (i.e., one with sharp rise and slow fall), and a negative skew pulse (i.e., one with a slow rise and sharp fall) are studied. It is observed that with a negative skew laser pulse there is a substantial improvement in the emittance (by around a factor of two), and a modest improvement in the energy-spread, compared to Gaussian as well as positive skew pulses. However, the injected charge is less in the negative skew pulse compared to the other two. It is also found that there is an optimal propagation distance that gives the best beam quality; beyond this distance, though the energy increases, the beam quality deteriorates, but this deterioration is least for the negative skew pulse. Thus, the negative skew pulse gives an improvement in terms of beam quality (emittance and energy spread) over what one can get with a Gaussian or positive skew pulse. In part, this is because of the lesser injected charge, and the strong suppression of continuous injection for the negative skew pulse.