bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlates of chronic pain onset and recovery in the CoLaus cohort
Authors: Dirupo Giada , Rossel Jean‐Benoît , Fournier Nicolas , D'Andrea Audrey , Vollenweider Peter , Decosterd Isabelle , Suter Marc René , Berna Chantal
Published: August 2024

Background

Only few previous cohort studies examined simultaneously predictors of chronic pain (CP) onset and recovery. Furthermore, these studies used various sociodemographic and pain‐related characteristics, without standardized measures of sleep and depression. The present study aimed at expanding and strengthening these findings in a large Swiss population.

Methods

We analysed data from a longitudinal cohort (n = 4602) collected at two time points separated by 5 years in Lausanne, Switzerland. We studied through two independent multivariable logistic regression models, the predictors of CP onset and recovery, including socio‐demographic data as well as standardized measures of sleep and mood.

Results

Chronic pain was reported by 43.1% and 44.4% of participants, with 11.6% at the second follow‐up reporting moderate or intense pain. Neuropathic pain, regardless of intensity, had a more negative impact on quality of life. An inferential model (n = 1331) identified the male sex as predictive for recovering from CP. Older age, being overweight or obese (compared to normal weight), higher depression scores and pain medication intake were predictive for sustained pain at the second follow‐up. A second model (n = 1886) identified being overweight or obese (compared to normal weight), low quality of sleep and being a former smoker (compared to a non‐smoker) as predictive for developing CP, while the male sex was lowering the risk.

Conclusions

While sex and weight are associated with both recovery and new CP onset, separate variables also need to be considered in these processes, underlining specific factors to be addressed, depending on the context, whether preventive or therapeutic.

Significance Statement

Multivariable models in a Swiss cohort (N = 4602) associate male sex, not taking pain medication, normal weight, lower depression scores and younger age with recovery from chronic pain, while females, obese or overweight, having worse sleep and former smokers are associated with onset of new chronic pain. These common and separate factors need to be considered in treatment and prevention efforts.
Phase‐Pure Iron Pyrite Nanocrystals as Air‐Stable Hole‐Transport Materials for Low‐Cost Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Sharma Punit , Yang Ke , Li Lian , Kumar Jayant , Karak Supravat
Published: August 2024

Spiro‐OMeTAD is a commonly used organic hole‐transport material (HTM) in MAPbI3‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for achieving high efficiency. However, its hydrophilic nature compromises device stability and performance reproducibility, especially under ambient conditions. In this study, PSCs are fabricated under ambient conditions, and phase‐pure iron pyrite nanocrystals (FeS2 NCs) are synthesized and utilized as HTM. Using iron pyrite as the HTM leads to a 22% increase in device short‐circuit current density (JSC) compared to Spiro‐OMeTAD, resulting in enhanced PSC performance. This confirms FeS2 NCs as a promising HTM for PSCs. Iron pyrite improves the extraction of photogenerated charge carriers compared to Spiro‐OMeTAD, indicating a superior extraction layer. Furthermore, the longer stability of the iron pyrite layer under humid conditions is compared to the Spiro‐OMeTAD layer, as demonstrated by contact angle measurements. This improvement helps prevent humidity‐induced degradation of the perovskite layer. Transient photocurrent studies under reverse bias conditions reveal fewer defects at the perovskite/iron pyrite interface, suggesting a defect passivation effect of FeS2 NCs. This study demonstrates that iron pyrite can serve as an effective HTM to enhance the performance and stability of low‐cost PSCs fabricated under ambient conditions.
Suitable engineering demand parameters for acceleration‐sensitive nonstructural components
Authors: Banihashemi MirAmir , Wiebe Lydell , Filiatrault André
Published: August 2024

Early earthquake design codes used peak ground accelerations (PGAs) as intensity measures (IMs) to characterize the demands of ground motions on structures, but have since shifted towards using spectral accelerations because they provide a better indication of demand. The design of acceleration‐sensitive nonstructural components has followed a similar approach, with modern codes being based on an estimate of the spectral acceleration at the period of the nonstructural component. However, most fragility curves for loss assessment of acceleration‐sensitive nonstructural components, including the existing FEMA P58 library, continue to be based on peak floor accelerations (PFAs). Similar to PGAs as an IM for buildings, a limitation of PFA as an engineering demand parameter (EDP) for nonstructural components is its lack of dependence on the period of those components. In this study, fifteen alternative EDPs suggested in the literature are evaluated as potential candidates for developing seismic damage fragility curves. Acceleration‐sensitive nonstructural components are simulated by single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) components with elastic perfectly plastic behavior, with a period range of 0.01 to 1 s, and varying strength levels. Nonlinear response history analyses are conducted for the SDOFs, using floor motions obtained from both the first floor and the roof of buildings designed with four distinct seismic force‐resisting systems. Ductility demands for each SDOF are taken as an indicator of damage and are predicted using a linear regression model developed for each specific EDP. The suitability of candidate EDPs is evaluated based on their efficiency and relative sufficiency. Furthermore, a comparison is made between the expected annual loss calculated using fragility curves derived from the selected EDPs to quantify how the EDP used for a fragility curve can affect the seismic loss assessment. The results reveal that the PFA is a suitable EDP only for nonstructural components with very short periods (i.e., less than 0.1 s). Moreover, although the spectral acceleration at the period of the SDOF nonstructural component is a suitable EDP for components that are nearly elastic and are located on the roof of buildings, the peaks that develop in the floor spectra can grossly overstate the demands on nonstructural components that experience significant nonlinearity in their response. In such situations, an average of the spectral accelerations in a range of periods near the period of the SDOF nonstructural component is more appropriate.
Detailed detection and extraction of estuarine tidal channels with multispectral and full‐polarised SAR remote sensing
Authors: Li Peng , Li Shu , Li Zhenhong , Liang Cunren , Wang Houjie
Published: August 2024

Estuarine tidal channels are active geomorphic units in tidal flats. However, accurate information on the spatiotemporal changes in tidal channel systems remains scarce. The width of the tidal channels may vary from several kilometres to tens of centimetres. Monitoring tidal channel evolution is complicated because of periodic tidal scouring, anthropogenic activities and sea level rise. In this study, we propose a synergetic classification method to detect and extract morphological information of estuarine tidal channels with a spatial resolution of up to 3 m by fusing PlanetScope multispectral data with C‐band GaoFen‐3 fully polarised Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data and machine learning algorithms. Considering the Yellow River Estuary as an example, the spectral features, vegetation and water index, polarisation and texture features derived from the multispectral and SAR images were selected as input data for classifiers according to feature importance ranking. Comparison to the maximum likelihood, and support vector machine classifiers, the synergetic classification with random forest showed the best performance, with an overall accuracy of 99.6%. Based on these results, the total number of tidal channels in the Yellow River Estuary reached 872, with a total length of 348.8 km. The spatiotemporal changes in the central axis over the last 4 years (2019–2022) suggest that the evolution of tidal channels was mainly controlled by ocean dynamics and anthropogenic activities. This method provides a cost‐effective alternative to accurately map tidal channel systems in global estuarine and coastal zones and helps to quantitatively describe their morphological evolution, stability and drivers.
An extreme wave event in Timanfaya National Park: Possible first geological evidence of the 1755 Lisbon tsunami in Lanzarote, Canary Islands
Authors: Galindo Inés , Romero Carmen , Martín‐González Esther , Sánchez Nieves , Vegas Juana , Lario Javier
Published: August 2024

The identification of extreme wave events' deposits is of the main importance in the contexts of global warming and coastal geohazards. Specifically, improving the knowledge of this phenomenon is extremely relevant for high populated volcanic oceanic islands. In this paper, we analyse two extreme wave event deposits located on a coastal platform formed by lavas from the 1730–1736 Timanfaya eruption in Lanzarote Island (Spain). The first one consists of a boulder ridge parallel to the coast of approximately 750 m in length and 7 m asl in elevation. These are accumulations of non‐cemented large boulders and sands that extend about 150 m inland from the intertidal zone. The boulders are of basaltic composition, heterometric, sub‐rounded to angular, and they reach sizes up to 3 m of major axis. They are imbricated both inland and seaward, indicating a strong inundation and backwash. The second deposit is a small outcrop of boulders of equal composition and sizes up to 1 m of major axis, reaching an elevation up to 6 m asl, and has been correlated with the former deposit. Here, the boulders were also deposited on the Timanfaya lavas and later covered by lava flows extruded during the 1824 eruption. Therefore, both deposits could be related with a chronologically well‐contrasted event, between 1736 and 1824. The origin of these deposits could be interpreted as an extreme storm or a tsunami. There are no historical records of extreme storms in the Canary Islands for this period, but there is documentary evidence of the tsunamis of 1761 and 1755. Moreover, for the latter, there is documentation that indicates its impact on coastal infrastructures in the Canary Islands, including the western slope of Lanzarote, and therefore, we propose these deposits as the first sedimentary evidence of the 1755 tsunami in the Canary Islands.
Leakage diffusion and safety assessment of CO2 pipeline transportation flange based on CFD simulation
Authors: Huang Weiqiu , Xiao Yilan , Li Xufei , Ning Zhou
Published: August 2024

Carbon capture and storage technologies play crucial roles in mitigating atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs). Pipeline transportation is the primary method of CO2 transportation, making pipeline safety a priority. In this study, Fluent software was used to create a model for annular edge leakage flanges, which significantly differs from the traditional pinhole leakage model. This study aims to examine the impact of CO2 pipeline flow and pressure on the diffusion of gas leaking from the flange and to develop a precise correlation between the diffusion distance and substance concentration. The results indicate that an increase in flow and pressure intensifies the diffusion of the flange leakage. Specifically, for a leakage lasting 96 s at flow rates of 0.7 and 10 m3/h, the diffusion ranges for the 5% concentration alarm threshold are 0.47 and 2.86 m, respectively. Furthermore, at a speed of 10 m/s and a pressure of 0.4 MPa, the diffusion ranges for 5 and 2% alarms are similar, spanning from 0.33 to 0.35 m. This study provides theoretical support and technical improvements to ensure the safe operation of pipelines. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conscience, Caricatures, and Catholic Identities
Authors: Mitchell Cory D.
Published: August 2024

Catholic health care is often viewed as antithetical to secular conceptions of autonomy. This view can engender calls to protect “choice” in Catholic facilities. However, this view is built on a fundamental misunderstanding of the Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services (ERDs). This commentary, which responds to “Principled Conscientious Provision: Referral Symmetry and Its Implications for Protecting Secular Conscience,” by Abram Brummett et al., seeks to demonstrate the nuance of the ERDs as well as to address some of the challenges various Catholic identities have when interpreting and living out the ERDs so that all patients receive high‐quality, compassionate care. By highlighting the Church's desire to protect all people at every stage, I hope to dispel the caricatures that often result from misunderstandings by Catholics and non‐Catholics alike.
A novel prognostic score (HAMP) for head and neck cancer patients with single and multiple SBRT‐treated lung metastases derived from retrospective analyses of survival outcome
Authors: Vorbach Samuel M. , Seppi Thomas , Sarcletti Manuel P. , Kollotzek Siegfried , Mangesius Julian , Lehmann Jens , Riedl David , Pointner Martin J. , Santer Matthias , Dejaco Daniel , Nevinny‐Stickel Meinhard , Ganswindt Ute
Published: August 2024

Background

We report on the characterization and introduction of a novel prognostic score for patients undergoing stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for the treatment of single and multiple pulmonary metastases (PMs) derived from head and neck cancer (HNC).

Methods

In this retrospective study, we examined selected factors associated with progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) among 59 patients with HNC treated with SBRT for a total of 118 PMs, between 2009 and 2023. Factors related to survival were included in the prognostic scoring system.

Results

Prognostic factors including histology, age, number of metastases, and performance status at first SBRT were weighted differently depending on the strength of correlation to PFS and OS. Total prognostic scores (HAMP) ranged from 13 to 24 points, with a cut‐off total score of ≤18 scoring points for patients in a high‐risk (HR) subcohort, and of ≥19 scoring points for patients in a low‐risk group (LR). Median PFS (23.8 vs. 5.5 months, p < 0.001) and OS (61.3 vs. 16.4 months, p < 0.001) were significantly longer in the low‐risk group compared to the high‐risk group.

Conclusion

The HAMP score might be a convenient tool to facilitate individualized treatment decisions and appropriate follow‐up. The accuracy and reliability of the score requires further evaluation in prospective studies.
Comparison of different techniques in determining groundwater levels trends in Türkiye
Authors: Kartal Veysi , Nones Michael , Topcu Emre , Ariman Sema
Published: August 2024

Groundwater represents one of the largest resources of freshwater in the world. Thus, investigations of groundwater level variations due to climate change and increasing human activities are of great importance, especially in resource scarce regions. Our research aimed to understand the long‐term effects of climate events and water use on groundwater levels over the study area via Mann‐Kendall, Sen's Slope, Innovative Polygon Trend Analysis (IPTA), and Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA) analyses. Although several studies are available in relation to GWL trend analysis via ITA, Mann‐Kendall and Sen slope in the literature, there are few IPTA studies conducted. The focus of the study was seven wells across Türkiye over the period 1987–2022. Results demonstrate that there was a downward trend in GWL in all stations annually, regardless of the method. At monthly scale, a decrease was noted, especially in June, August, and September, while seasonally, decreases were seen in autumn and winter. Moreover, it was evident the results of the Sen slope and ITA were compatible, while the IPTA was a useful tool in detecting GWL trends. Identifying and understanding GWL trends is highly valuable in informing groundwater resource managers of critical areas of overuse and other factors affecting groundwater, resulting in preventive interventions to overcome such problems and protect this critical resource.
Projections of rain‐on‐snow events in a sub‐arctic river basin under 1.5°C–4°C global warming
Authors: Warden Jack W. , Rezvani Reza , Najafi Mohammad Reza , Shrestha Rajesh R.
Published: August 2024

Rain‐on‐snow (ROS) is a compound hydrometeorological extreme event that can lead to severe socioeconomic impacts and affect ecosystem function. In high‐latitude regions, the percolation of liquid precipitation through snowpack and the associated formation of ice layers can create greater potential for significant runoff and also cause hardship for wintertime ungulate foraging. In this study, we assess the characteristics of ROS events and the corresponding impacts over a large sub‐arctic river basin in northwestern Canada. We propose seven indices to assess the projected changes in both major and minor ROS events, defined as instances of 10 and 3 mm/day, respectively, of rainfall occurring on SWE greater than 5 mm, taking into account precipitation intensity and snowpack depth. We use simulations from the variable infiltration capacity hydrologic model driven by a suite of multivariate bias‐corrected global climate models from the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project and assess the ROS changes under the 1.5, 2, 3 and 4°C global warming levels above the pre‐industrial period. Overall, ROS events occur more frequently in October–December and January–March (JFM) compared to other seasons. The effects of major and minor ROS events on runoff generation in JAS and OND are considerable at higher elevations, with mean runoff more than 50% greater on ROS days than non‐ROS days in many cases. Furthermore, the analyses project notable increases in the frequency of both Major and Minor ROS events in all summer and fall. However, a notable decrease in ROS frequency is present in spring, and in winter, ROS frequency has inconsistent changes. Our comprehensive assessment of ROS events, their projected changes, and associated impacts in a sub‐arctic river basin underscore these events' critical role in shaping hydrological patterns and affecting communities, infrastructure and ecosystem dynamics.
Exploring hydrological dynamics of layered pyroclastic soils by combining laboratory and field experiments with a numerical model
Authors: Busti Riccardo , Capparelli Giovanna , Formetta Giuseppe
Published: August 2024

Rainfall infiltration plays a crucial role in the near‐surface response of soils, influencing other hydrological processes (such as surface and subsurface runoff, groundwater dynamics), and thus determining hydro‐geomorphological risk assessment and the water resources management policies. In this study, we investigate the infiltration processes in pyroclastic soils of the Campania region, Southern Italy, by combining measured in situ data, physical laboratory model observations and a 3D physically based hydrological model. First, we validate the numerical model against the soil pore water pressure and soil moisture measured at several points in a small‐scale flume of a layered pyroclastic deposit during an infiltration test. The objective is to (i) understand and reproduce the physical processes involved in infiltration in layered volcanoclastic slope and (ii) evaluate the ability of the model to reproduce the measured data and the observed subsurface flow patterns and saturation mechanism. Second, we setup the model on the real site where soil samples were collected and simulate the 3D hydrological response of the hillslope. The aim is to understand and model the dynamics of hydrological processes captured by the field observations and explain the redistribution of water in different layers during 2 years of precipitation. For both applications, a Monte Carlo analysis has been performed to account for the hydrological parameter uncertainty. Results show the capability of the model to reproduce the observations in both applications, with mean KGE of 0.84 and 0.68 for pressure and soil moisture data in the laboratory, and 0.83 and 0.55 in the real site. Our results are significant not only because they provide insight into understanding and simulating infiltration processes in layered pyroclastic slopes but also because they may provide the basis for improving geohazard assessment systems, which are expected to increase, especially in the context of a warming climate.
Benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy on recurrence free survival per consensus molecular subtype in stage III colon cancer
Authors: van de Weerd Simone , Torang Arezo , van den Berg Inge , Lammers Veerle , van den Bergh Saskia , Brouwer Nelleke , Nagtegaal Iris D. , Koopman Miriam , Vink Geraldine R. , van der Baan Frederieke H. , van Krieken Han , Koster Jan , Ijzermans Jan N. , Roodhart Jeanine M. L. , Medema Jan Paul
Published: August 2024

The consensus molecular subtype (CMS) classification divides colon tumors into four subtypes holding promise as a predictive biomarker. However, the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on recurrence free survival (RFS) per CMS in stage III patients remains inadequately explored. With this intention, we selected stage III colon cancer (CC) patients from the MATCH cohort (n = 575) and RadboudUMC (n = 276) diagnosed between 2005 and 2018. Patients treated with and without adjuvant chemotherapy were matched based on tumor location, T‐ and N‐stage (n = 522). Tumor material was available for 464 patients, with successful RNA extraction and CMS subtyping achieved in 390 patients (surgery alone group: 192, adjuvant chemotherapy group: 198). In the overall cohort, CMS4 was associated with poorest prognosis (HR 1.55; p = .03). Multivariate analysis revealed favorable RFS for the adjuvant chemotherapy group in CMS1, CMS2, and CMS4 tumors (HR 0.19; p = .01, HR 0.27; p < .01, HR 0.19; p < .01, respectively), while no significant difference between treatment groups was observed within CMS3 (HR 0.68; p = .51). CMS subtyping in this non‐randomized cohort identified patients with poor prognosis and patients who may not benefit significantly from adjuvant chemotherapy.
Designing a farmers digital information system for sustainable agriculture: The perspective of Tanzanian agricultural stakeholders
Authors: Mushi Gilbert E. , Burgi Pierre‐Yves , Serugendo Giovanna Di Marzo
Published: August 2024

This paper is part of a broader study that aims to design and develop a digital platform that addresses the common challenges of smallholder farmers. More specifically, we analyzed stakeholders' opinions on the farmers' digital information system (FDIS) designed for sustainable agriculture in Tanzania. We used a qualitative research approach to interview 74 key agricultural stakeholders, including the Ministry of Agriculture, the government subsidy office, agricultural insurance companies, financial institutions, farmers, extension agents and agro‐dealers in 13 regions of Tanzania. The study findings reveal that most stakeholders could adhere to the FDIS design for sustainable agriculture, as it potentially solves common challenges by enabling access to quality farm inputs, credit and insurance services, subsidies, advisory services, and markets for their products. However, the study identified certain factors that could hinder the full potential of the envisaged system, such as digital illiteracy and poor ICT infrastructures in rural areas. By interviewing key agricultural stakeholders, we confirm the potential of FDIS to make agriculture more sustainable in low‐ and middle‐income countries. The FDIS should therefore contribute to food security, environmental protection, job creation and higher incomes, as the agriculture sector becomes more dynamic once it is localized and adapted to the needs of all agricultural stakeholders. In addition, the government is expected to play a key role in setting up the agricultural stakeholders at a national level to help them overcome the challenges involved in exploiting the full potential of the FDIS.
Portfolio management with the help of AI: What drives retail Indian investors to robo‐advisors?
Authors: Banerjee Sougata
Published: August 2024

Portfolio management is a critical component of financial investments. With the advent of artificial intelligence (AI)‐driven portfolio management, retail investors have the choice to utilize cutting‐edge technology to manage their investment portfolios. This study analyzes and portrays the effects of factors influencing the adoption of financial robo‐advisors (FRAs) among retail investors in India. A framework comprising eight constructs is proposed to understand FRA adoption. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze data from 387 respondents among Indian retail investors using the IBM SPSS AMOS version 28 software package. The results indicate that technology readiness and financial literacy are the two strongest predictors of the behavioral intention to adopt FRA. Additionally, this study provides empirical evidence that social influence and investor type are relevant determinants of customers' decisions to adopt FRA. This study provides managers with guidance on the target segment of consumers for FRA and insights into the drivers of adoption. It further highlights the importance of investor profiling beyond just demographics to improve adoption.
Biologically based strategies for overcoming in vivo barriers with functional nano‐delivery systems
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Roya , Taheri Seyed Alireza , Mohammadi Neda , Hjazi Ahmed , Menon Soumya V. , Kadhum Wesam R. , Kumar Abhinav , Shakir Maha Noori , Shayan Farid Karkon , Shirinkami Nahal
Published: August 2024

Nanomedicine has been developed to reduce or eliminate the side effects and toxicity upon systemic therapy of chemotherapeutic agents and to improve their therapeutic efficacy. However, the translation of non‐sized or nano‐encapsulated drugs is hampered by the low penetration and accumulation of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in sites of tumors as well as their poor pharmacokinetics. This may be due to the synthetic structure of NPs and also complicated and unknown characteristics of the solid tumor microenvironment (TME). As a result, the TME is being better identified, and the interactions between NPs and the TME or human body are being discovered or predicted. These findings have led to the development of more biocompatible, intelligent, and controllable bio‐based nanoformulations that could overcome current barriers and provide sufficient drug delivery to the TME, as discussed in this paper. These formulations are designed to (i) modify the surface of NPs to improve blood circulation while reducing their off‐target accumulation and side effects in vivo, (ii) pass through the tumor vasculature by modulating or targeting angiogenesis, (iii) promote NPs distribution in solid tumor regions by applying biological/physical stimuli or extracellular matrix remodeling, and (iv) overcome the cell membrane barrier and other compartments of the cell by specific cell targeting to release the payload drug into the cytoplasm or nucleoplasm.
Determination of linear alkyl benzene sulfonates in vegetable by modified QuEChERS coupled to liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Hutagalung Sarawinda , Ariesto Yohanes , Li Yen‐Hsien , Wong Sio‐Leng , Chen Chung‐Yu , Lee Maw‐Rong
Published: August 2024

Linear alkyl benzene sulfonates (LASs) with alkyl chains from C10 to C14 are the most commonly used anionic surfactants in household laundry. However, LAS toxicity toward agricultural soil further could be formed at a risk for fruits and vegetables grown on the land, so that to develop a sensitive and precise analytical technique for determination of trace residual sulfonates in vegetables is very important for health. This study developed a QuEChERS extraction coupled to liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for analyzing LASs in vegetables and fruits. The best results were obtained using acetonitrile as the extraction solvent combined with 25 mg primary secondary amine and 25 mg graphitized carbon black as sorbents. The linearity ranged between 1 and 250 ng/mL as well as limit of quantification (LOQ) was obtained in the range of 0.01–0.23 ng/mL of the proposed analytical method. The proposed method was utilized to detect the real spinach samples and water spinach planted with LASs‐spiked water, and the results showed the trace LASs were detected with concentration between 1.8 and 29.1 ng/g. In this study, a thorough optimization and validation of different amount of sorbent cleanup efficiency approaches was performed for the first time for the analysis of LAS.
Enhanced methane production from protein and lipid‐rich wastewater using powdered oat husk‐biochar
Authors: Pagés‐Díaz Jhosané , Vidal Iván , Huiliñir César , Hernández‐Velez Leslie , Lorenzo‐Llanes Junior
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Due to the lower degradation and the potential inhibitory compounds present in slaughterhouse wastewater (SW), its industrial applications are often limited to methane production. This study investigated the combined effect of conductive material such as oat husk‐biochar at different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 g L−1) and particle sizes (i.e., Powder Biochar (PB) (0.05–0.08 mm) vs. Granular Biochar (GB) (0.8–1.0 mm)) in the methane production, biodegradability, kinetic parameters, methanogenic activity and digestate quality of SW, using a multilevel factorial design.

RESULTS

Experimental results showed that lower concentration (5, 10 g L−1) increased the methane yield up to 35% for PB and between 11 and 13% for GB compared to the control reactor. The total ammoniacal nitrogen concentrations in the digestate declined between 14% and 52% for all biochar dosages and particle sizes. PB improved the specific methanogenic activity of the biomass compared with GB, indicating that PB can support a well‐balanced methanogenic community compared with GB inside the digester. The multiple response optimization process computed that 7.5 g L−1 of PB is optimal to increase the methane yield, the COD degradation efficiency and shorten the lag phase. On the other hand, doses higher than 15 g L−1 hinder methane generation.

CONCLUSIONS

PB supplementation has significant potential to improve the anaerobic degradation of SW. The improvement is attributed to the higher specific surface area, contributing to better support and microbial activity. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Radial head arthroplasty diameter impact on elbow kinematics evaluated by dynamic radiostereometric analysis
Authors: Teilmann Johanne F. , Petersen Emil T. , Thillemann Theis M. , Hemmingsen Chalotte K. , Kipp Josephine O. , Stilling Maiken
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Radial head arthroplasty (RHA) reestablishes elbow stability after complex radial head fracture, but complication rates are high, possibly due to inappropriate implant sizing. Knowledge of impact of radial head implant diameter on elbow kinematics is limited and warranted. This study evaluated elbow kinematics of different radial head implant diameters after RHA using dynamic radiostereometric analysis (dRSA).

Methods

Eight human donor arms were examined with dRSA during elbow flexion with the forearm in unloaded neutral position, and in supinated‐ and pronated position without and with 10N either varus or valgus load, respectively. Elbow kinematics were examined before and after RHA with head diameters of anatomical size, −2 mm (undersized), and +2 mm (oversized). The ligaments were kept intact by use of step‐cut humerus osteotomy for repeated RHA exchange. Bone models were obtained from CT, and by AutoRSA software bone models were matched with dRSA recordings. The elbow kinematics were described using anatomical coordinate systems.

Results

Compared to the native radial head during elbow flexion, the anatomical sized RHA shifted 2.0 mm in ulnar direction during unloaded pronated forearm position. The undersized RHA shifted 1.5 mm in posterior direction and 2.1 mm in ulnar direction during unloaded pronated forearm position and increased the varus angle by 2.4° during supinated loaded forearm position. The oversized RHA shifted 1.6 mm in radial direction during loaded supinated forearm position.

Conclusions

The anatomically sized RHA should be preferred as it maintained native elbow kinematics the best. The kinematic changes with oversized and undersized RHA diameters were small, suggesting forgiveness for the RHA diameter size.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Enhancement of multiplication factor of capacitor using single current follower differential input transconductance amplifier
Authors: Raj Ajishek , Shrivastava Meghana , Bhaskar D. R. , Kumar Pragati
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a new circuit approach to realize a capacitance multiplier circuit with positive and negative multiplication factors. Based on this approach, two new implementations of positive and negative grounded capacitance multiplier (GCM) circuits are proposed, which utilize only one current follower differential input transconductance amplifier (CFDITA), in conjunction with only one resistor and one virtually grounded capacitor. The presented GCM circuits can enhance a low capacitance value to a very high value (used in low frequency applications), up to 9202 times its original value. An important aspect of the proposed circuits involves designing a lossy parallel inductor circuit by interchanging the passive elements (RC:CR transformation) with each other. The obtained value of the capacitance and inductance can be controlled independently and electronically through the transconductance of CFDITA. The practical usability of the suggested circuits as first and second order filters is discussed. The functionality of the proposed GCM circuits is validated using CMOS CFDITA implemented with 180 nm TSMC technology parameters. Experimental verification of the proposed circuits and application examples is reinforced through the utilization of CFDITA implemented with readily available ICs AD844 and LM13700. These outcomes emphasize the dependability of the suggested circuits.
Cyanobacterial Silver Nanoparticles and Their Potential Utility—Recent Progress and Prospects: A Review
Authors: Behera Maheswari , Behera Prateek Ranjan , Sethi Gangadhar , Pradhan Biswajita , Adarsh Varanasi , Alkilayh Omar Abdurahman , Samantaray Devi Prasad , Singh Lakshmi
Published: August 2024

The current situation involves an increase in interest in nanotechnology, in particular the ways in which it can be applied in the commercial and medical fields. However, traditional methods of synthesizing nanoparticles have some drawbacks, including the generation of harmful byproducts, high energy consumption, and cost. As a result, researchers have shifted their focus to “green” nanoparticle synthesis to circumvent these drawbacks. Because of their exceptional physiochemical properties, silver nanoparticles (Ag Nps) are the noble metal nanoparticles that are used most frequently. The green approach to Ag NP synthesis is environmentally friendly, non‐toxic, and cost‐effective, and it makes use of a variety of biological entities. Cyanobacteria, in particular, have garnered the most attention because of the abundance of bioactive substances that they contain, which serve both as reducing agents and as stabilizing agents during the process of biosynthesis. This review article discusses the current state of cyanobacteria‐mediated Ag NP synthesis, the potential mechanisms that are involved, nanoparticle characterization, the various applications of Ag NP in different fields, and their prospects.
Evolution of megadrought and pluvial events in the Qaidam Basin and Hexi Corridor, Northwest China, during the period 455–2100 CE
Authors: Xu Henian , Wang Jianglin , Liu Jingjing , Peng Xiaomei , Pourtahmasi Kambiz
Published: August 2024

Millennium‐long hydroclimate reconstructions in the Qaidam Basin (QB) and Hexi Corridor (HXC) suggest markedly differing moisture change trends between the two regions in the 20th century; however, it remains unclear whether these current moisture states are exceptional in a long‐term context, and how megadrought and pluvial events have evolved in these regions. Here, we used previously published historical hydroclimate reconstructions combined with model‐based future moisture simulations to assess past, current and future hydroclimate anomalies in a long‐term context (i.e., 455–2100 CE), and investigate the evolution of megadrought and pluvial events. Compared with the QB, moisture variability in the HXC was higher and more prone to the occurrence of severe and long‐lasting megadrought and pluvial events. Megadroughts in the QB mainly occurred in the Little Ice Age (1200–1800 CE) accompanied by lower temperatures, whereas in the HXC, megadroughts mostly occurred during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (800–1200 CE) accompanied by higher temperatures. The Significant Zero crossing of derivatives (SiZer) and Time of Emergence (TOE) analyses were used to reveal the initiation of recent humidity changes and the duration above the natural variability threshold. We found that the QB has experienced a significant wetting trend since the middle of the 20th century, with this trend exceeding the range of natural hydroclimate variability in 1975 CE. The HXC became drier from the early 20th century, but has become wetter since the late 20th century; this trend may exceed the natural hydroclimate variability range by 2032 CE. We also found that the duration and severity of megadrought and pluvial events are positively correlated in each region. Given the higher past hydrological variability in the HXC compared with the QB, our study implies that future extreme hydrological events are more likely to occur in the former of these two regions.
Wilson's disease in Sardinian population: The experience of a pediatric referral center
Authors: Loudianos Georgios , Satta Stefania , Lepori Maria B. , Anni Franco , Balloi Roberta , Soddu Consolata , Fenu Maria L. , Lilliu Franco , Nurchi Anna M. , De Virgiliis Stefano
Published: August 2024

Background and Objectives

Wilson's disease (WD) in children and adolescents is predominantly asymptomatic or oligo‐symptomatic. The symptoms are nonspecific and difficult to distinguish from other hepatic or neuropsychiatric disorders. In this study, we present the experience of a pediatric referral center for WD diagnosis and treatment.

Patients and Methods

We retrospectively analyzed clinical and laboratory data from 99 patients with WD of Sardinian origin, including physical examination, laboratory biochemical testing, liver biopsy, and genetic analysis.

Results

Patients were prevalently oligo‐symptomatic or asymptomatic. The median age of diagnosis was 8.78 years. Ceruloplasmin values were lower than normal values in all analyzed patients. Twenty‐four‐hour urinary copper levels were higher than 40 μg/24‐h in 92/96 patients. In all analyzed patients with the exception of one, liver copper was higher than 250 μg/g of dry weight but all had >75 μg/g of dry weight. Statistical analysis showed correlation between the age at diagnosis, serum copper, and 24‐h urinary copper. Correlation was also found between serum copper and 24‐h urinary copper. Molecular analysis of ATP7B gene allowed complete characterization in all the analyzed patients.

Conclusion

A high index of clinical suspicion and biochemical tests including liver tests, serum ceruloplasmin, and basal 24‐h urinary copper excretion and genotype determination are key to WD diagnosis. The long experience that a referral center for WD possesses is an important factor in making WD diagnosis a more accurate process. Studies in animal models on WD could be used as a guide to further investigate the molecular mechanisms that regulate copper metabolism and influence the natural history of WD.
Itch improvement has a major and comparable effect on the Dermatology Life Quality Index in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis patients
Authors: Boehncke Wolf‐Henning , Reich Adam , Ständer Sonja , Hernandez Julio , Mert Can , Grond Susanne , Rueda Maria Jose , Schuster Christopher , Yosipovitch Gil
Published: August 2024

Background

Itch is known to have a particularly high impact on psoriasis (PsO) and atopic dermatitis (AD) patients' quality of life. Although AD therapies have exhibited a high efficacy when it comes to itch control, itch control with PsO therapies is not as well documented.

Objectives

The aim of this post‐hoc analysis is to better understand the impact of itch on the patients' quality of life in PsO as well as AD by providing a pairwise correlation between itch improvement and patients' quality of life and determine the predictive factors in patients achieving Dermatology Life Quality Index score of 0 or 1 [DLQI (0/1)].

Methods

Three phase III clinical studies, one in PsO and two in AD, were assessed. Pairwise correlations between objective improvement of visible signs of disease, quality of life, and itch intensity were investigated at 16 weeks of treatment. Predictive analyses methods were applied on the data to assess the impact of clinical and itch improvement on the DLQI improvement.

Results

This study shows that change in itch from baseline in AD and PsO patients correlate to change in DLQI from baseline. Change in itch from baseline was found to be the most important factor in predicting DLQI (0/1).

Conclusions

These results highlight the necessity to study itch in both PsO and AD clinical trials, and it is recommended that itch may be considered a coprimary or at minimum a secondary efficacy end‐point in all such clinical studies.
Update of Vocal Fold Shortening With Retrodisplacement of Anterior Commissure for Voice Feminization
Authors: Kim Hyung‐Tae , Kang Sun‐Jung , Cho In‐Soo , Lee Da‐Bi
Published: August 2024

Objectives

To assess the efficacy and long‐term durability of the enhanced technique of Type II Vocal Fold Shortening and Retrodisplacement of the Anterior Commissure (VFSRAC) for voice feminization compared with the preceding Type I method.

Methods

A retrospective analysis encompassed 506 patients drawn from a cohort of 1025 MtF transgender women who underwent VFSRAC between 2003 and 2021. The study period included cases from 2015 to 2021, during which the Type II update technique was implemented, involving a modification to the suture technique. Subjective and perceptual evaluations, aerodynamic and acoustic assessments, real‐time pitch analysis, and videostroboscopic reviews were conducted pre‐ and postoperatively in the MtF transgender women cohort. Comparative statistical analyses were performed to discern differences between the earlier Type I method (2003–2014) and the more recent Type II method (2015–2021).

Results

The preoperative mean speech fundamental frequency (sF0) for Type II VFSRAC was 134.5 Hz. Postoperatively, the mean sF0 increased to 196.7 Hz, 212.3 Hz, and 207.5 Hz at 3 months, 6 months, and beyond 1 year, respectively, exceeding outcomes observed with the Type I method. Postoperative subjective and objective assessments indicated an augmentation in voice femininity. Acoustic and aerodynamic indices were within the normal range, and the regularity of the vocal fold mucosal wave was preserved within normal parameters. These results suggest that patients achieved a natural phonation pattern after surgery.

Conclusions

The application of our updated type II VFSRAC has demonstrated feasibility and consistently yielded favorable results for individuals desiring a naturally feminine voice.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 134:5054–5061, 2024
Surface‐Templated Polymer Microparticle Synthesis Based on Droplet Microarrays
Authors: Shim Wonmi , Heo Jeongbin , Lee Jaeseung , Kappl Michael , Butt Hans‐Jürgen , Wooh Sanghyuk
Published: August 2024

Polymer microparticle synthesis based on the surface‐templated method is a simple and environmentally friendly method to produce various microparticles. Unique particles with different compositions can be fabricated by simply annealing a polymer on a liquid‐repellent surface. However, there are hurdles to producing particles of homogeneous sizes with large quantities and varying the shape of particles. Here, a new approach to synthesizing multiple polymer microparticles using micropatterns with wettability contrast is presented. Polymer microparticles are formed in two steps. First, a layer of poly(sodium‐4‐styrenesulfonate) is deposited on the hydrophilic regions by dipping and withdrawing this micropattern from a polymer solution, and an array of microdroplets is formed. A dewetting‐inducing layer on the pattern is introduced, and then target polymer patches are sequentially generated on it. By annealing over Tg, the contact line of the target polymer patch is freely receded, creating a particle form. The size and shape of the microparticle can be controlled by varying the micropatterns. In addition, it is demonstrated that microparticles made of polymer blends or polymer/nanoparticle composite are easily produced. This versatile method offers the potential of surface‐templated synthesis to tailor polymer microparticles with different sizes, shapes, and functionalities in various research and applications.
Rapid Eye Movements during REM Sleep Differentiate PSP from Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Togni Claudio , Carpinelli Sandra , Valko Philipp O. , Bockisch Christopher , Waldvogel Daniel , Werth Esther , Weber Konrad P. , Valko Yulia
Published: August 2024

Background

Little is known about the characteristics and occurrence frequencies of rapid eye movements (REMs) during REM sleep in movement disorders.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to detect and characterize REMs during polysomnographically defined REM sleep as recorded by electro‐oculography (EOG) in 12 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), 13 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 12 healthy controls.

Methods

Using a modified EOG montage, we developed an algorithm that automatically detects and characterizes REMs during REM sleep based on their presumptive saccadic kinematics.

Results

Compared to PD and healthy controls, REM densities and REM peak velocities were significantly reduced in PSP. These effects were most pronounced in vertical REMs.

Conclusion

Ocular motor dysfunction, one of the cardinal features of PSP, seems to be equally at play during REM sleep and wakefulness. For future studies, we provide a novel tool for the unbiased analysis of REMs during REM sleep in movement disorders.
Crowdsourcing solutions for innovation: An evolutionary examination of participant behavior strategy
Authors: Wang Lingling , Li Sen , Zheng Haidong , Xia Enjun
Published: August 2024

Despite numerous enterprises embracing crowdsourcing to access several innovative solutions, the prevalence of information asymmetry among different participants has led to an increase in the submission of low‐quality solutions and payment disputes. To improve the efficiency of crowdsourcing solutions for innovation, this study aims to employ an evolutionary game model to capture the dynamic interaction and decision‐making process of the requesters, platforms, and solvers. Initially, we dissect the relevant factors influencing the behavioral decisions of participants to construct a tripartite evolutionary game model. Subsequently, we analyze five potential evolutionarily stable strategies and conditions. Ultimately, we simulate the dynamic evolution of participant decision‐making behavior and the sensitivity of related parameters. The simulation results depict that the initial selection probabilities of populations bear no correlation to the system stability, which only influences the time required to reach equilibrium. The participant's behaviors are affected by price, loss, penalty, compensation, cost, and reputation recognition. Reward and punishment mechanisms help effectively mitigate the emergence of free‐riding and collusion. These findings provide important implications for the sustainable development of crowdsourcing solutions for innovation.