bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histopathological Landscape of Precursor Lesions of Gastro-Entero-Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Authors: Biancotti Rachele , Dal Pozzo Carlo Alberto , Parente Paola , Businello Gianluca , Angerilli Valentina , Realdon Stefano , Savarino Edoardo Vincenzo , Farinati Fabio , Milanetto Anna Caterina , Pasquali Claudio , Vettor Roberto , Grillo Federica , Pennelli Gianmaria , Luchini Claudio , Mastracci Luca , Vanoli Alessandro , Milione Massimo , Galuppini Francesca , Fassan Matteo
Published: July 2022

Background: Despite the important advances in research on neuroendocrine neoplasms of the gastro-entero-pancreatic tract, their precursor lesions are much less well known. Summary: This review analyzes the preneoplastic neuroendocrine lesions of the gastro-entero-pancreatic tract, by adopting a coherent anatomical benchmark. In particular, the settings in which neuroendocrine precursor lesions represent well-recognized pathophysiological and morphological entities (with eventual molecular correlates) have been distinguished from the ones in which the nature of preneoplastic changes is still obscure. Key Messages: The aim of the paper was to summarize what is known about precursor lesions of gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, with the goal of providing a useful tool for future research aimed at obtaining a fuller understanding of the underlying biology and early development of these diseases.
Homo œconomicus: A Key for Understanding Late Modernity Narcissism?
Authors: Stanghellini Giovanni
Published: July 2022

This paper describes the form that narcissism takes in contemporary society in the light of Homo œconomicus – a concept developed by philosopher Foucault to describe a key figure of late modernity: the entrepreneur of himself whose core values are utility (every action must be directed towards production) and optimization (what costs more than it produces is a dead branch to be cut). Homo œconomicus is the subject of so-called “achievement society.” Its imperative is summed up in the formula “You can!” that generates heavy constraints because it is introjected as “If I can, then I must!,” and self-coercion is more fatal than hetero-coercion because no resistance can be put up against oneself. He is also the subject of the “society of the spectacle” in which a part of the world represents itself in front of the rest of the world and shows itself to be superior to it. The spectacle is not simply a set of images, but a type of social relationship between people mediated by images, generating alienation from oneself and from the Other. Using Homo œconomicus as a grid for understanding contemporary pathological forms of narcissism, I describe the values and the life-world of narcissistic persons including the ways they experience time, space, others, and their own body. I finally suggest a therapeutic of this form of existence based on the recognition of its value-structure.
Elucidating the Clinical Implications and Pathophysiology of Pulmonary Hypertension in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Call to Action: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association
Authors: Brittain Evan L. , Thenappan Thenappan , Huston Jessica H. , Agrawal Vineet , Lai Yen-Chun , Dixon Debra , Ryan John J. , Lewis Eldrin F. , Redfield Margaret M. , Shah Sanjiv J. , Maron Bradley A. ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Cardiopulmonary, Critical Care, Perioperative and Resuscitation; Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology; Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health; and Stroke Council
Published: July 2022

This science advisory focuses on the need to better understand the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of pulmonary hypertension in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. This clinical phenotype is important because it is common, is strongly associated with adverse outcomes, and lacks evidence-based therapies. Our goal is to clarify key knowledge gaps in pulmonary hypertension attributable to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and to suggest specific, actionable scientific directions for addressing such gaps. Areas in need of additional investigation include refined disease definitions and interpretation of hemodynamics, as well as greater insights into noncardiac contributors to pulmonary hypertension risk, optimized animal models, and further molecular studies in patients with combined precapillary and postcapillary pulmonary hypertension. We highlight translational approaches that may provide important biological insight into pathophysiology and reveal new therapeutic targets. Last, we discuss the current and future landscape of potential therapies for patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and pulmonary vascular dysfunction, including considerations of precision medicine, novel trial design, and device-based therapies, among other considerations. This science advisory provides a synthesis of important knowledge gaps, culminating in a collection of specific research priorities that we argue warrant investment from the scientific community.
Motion and Vulnerability in Contemporary Capitalism: The Shift to Turnover Time
Authors: Moody Kim
Published: July 2022

In Marx’s analysis of capitalism, time and motion are central to the dynamics of the system. In the twenty-first century, capital deployed new forms of technology and logistical planning to increase profits and reduce the circulation phase of the turnover time of capital. The introduction of fibre optic cable, data centres, the transformation of the warehouse into a site of movement, the rise of third-party logistics (3PL) firms, and improvements in infrastructure all promoted ‘the annihilation of space by time’ in the effort to increase profitability. As increased velocity of value became central to capital, the system in turn became more vulnerable to disruption by labour.
Feminist Action at the Negotiation Table: An Exploration Inside the 2010–2016 Colombian Peace Talks
Authors: Corredor Elizabeth S.
Published: July 2022

Gender mainstreaming and peacemaking are fundamentally about spurring institutional change. Much of the literature on gendering peace negotiations does not explicitly address the institutional nature of these spheres. Using a feminist institutionalist framework, I analyze the 2010–2016 Colombian peace talks to uncover the endogenic formal and informal ‘rules of the game’ that both enabled and constrained feminist work and the eventual incorporation of a gender perspective within the final agreement. I show that Colombia’s exceptional gender perspective in its 2016 peace agreement was due not just to the inclusion of women at the negotiation table but also paradoxically because of and despite continued gendered logics that prioritized the masculine over the feminine. These findings demonstrate that to understand gender mainstreaming outcomes in peace processes we must not simply account for how many women and which women are at the table, but also for the gendered logics of the negotiation space.
Political Economy of the WTO Negotiations: A Game-Theoretic Explanation
Authors: Rastogi Siddhartha K. , Sengupta Anirban
Published: July 2022

The 2013 wto Bali package was to be discussed for adoption during the 2014 Geneva meeting. Members were particularly keen on the Trade Facilitation Agreement (tfa), which was supposed to boost world trade and benefit developing countries. However, India surprised all members by withholding its support for tfa and demanding further dialogue on the unrelated issue of food security, which was supposedly settled in Bali with a time-bound peace clause. This action posed an existential challenge to wto. This article explores India’s position through a game-theoretic negotiation framework with rational and indicative payoffs. We assert that India adopted a ‘suicide-bomber’ strategy and succeeded in ‘hostage-taking’ to extract the desired ‘ransom.’ Since India exploited the first-mover advantage, the rest of the world had no better choice than to pay the ransom. This is a Nash equilibrium of dominant strategies but with unequal bargaining power between the two players.
The Future of EU Substantive Criminal Law
Authors: Buisman S.S.
Published: July 2022

When criminal law became one of the components of the Union’s objectives, the EU obtained explicit substantive criminal law competences. Minimum rules on substantive criminal law facilitate the principle of mutual recognition, allow for the approximation of sanctions and common definitions of certain offences, and make it possible to respond to global challenges. Criminal law could also have serious consequences for the persons involved. The EU legislator should therefore exercise caution when exercising its competences to approximate the substantive criminal law of its Member States. Criminalisation principles offer the legislator an argumentative framework, which can be used to determine whether criminalisation is legitimate and justified. This article aims to introduce a set of uniform set of criminalisation principles at the EU level.
Al-Taftāzānī’s Refutation of Akbarian Metaphysics and the Identification of Absolute Being with the Necessary Being
Authors: Ansari Rosabel
Published: July 2022

This article discusses the Ašʿarī theologian Saʿd al-Dīn al-Taftāzānī’s (d. 793/1390) refutation of Akbarian metaphysics and the identification of absolute being (al-wuǧūd al-muṭlaq) with the Necessary Being, i.e. God, in his summa Šarḥ al-Maqāṣid. Al-Taftāzānī argues that the Akbarians are amateur philosophers who misappropriated the philosophical tradition. If absolute being were identified with God, we would not be able to say that anything else is, leading to monism. Instead al-Taftāzānī argues that absolute being is a mind-dependent concept. Al-Taftāzānī’s refutation reveals the contested nature of the Avicennan legacy and the important role of the Akbarian school in its development.
UN Sanctions and Mediation in Sierra Leone
Authors: Amaral Joana
Published: July 2022

The UN-imposed sanctions on Sierra Leone began in 1997 after the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) led a coup that forced newly elected president Ahmad Tejan Kabbah into exile. Alongside its peacemaking efforts, the UN Security Council explicitly supported the reinstatement of Kabbah, and its sanctions targeted the RUF by limiting travel and banning the trade of arms, petroleum, and diamonds. This article analyzes whether and how UN sanctions pushed the RUF to negotiate, accept, and implement agreements mediated by the Economic Community of West African States and the UN. Its findings are drawn from the qualitative analysis of official documents, memoirs, and interviews with key negotiators. It adds to the inclusion debate in peace mediation literature by discussing whether the coordinated use of sanctions and mediation can resolve the difficulties inherent in including veto players in peace negotiations.
The tragedy of the Natural History Museum, London
Authors: NAGGS FRED
Published: July 2022

The remit of the Natural History Museum, London, encompasses the whole of the natural world and places it at the forefront of global concerns about human impact on the biosphere. The Museum’s stature as a world leading institution for storing and recording living diversity brings responsibilities, obligations and new prospects. In addition to revealing the genetic evolution of life in considerable detail, advances in molecular biology and cryogenics offer exciting new opportunities to extend beyond the Museum’s traditional role as a storehouse for recording living diversity and to take a lead in biodiversity conservation.

In its strategy for the coming decade, the Museum has declared a planetary emergency for which we need an unprecedented response, asserting that we must act now, that we must act on scientific evidence and that we must act together. However, the Museum is no longer led by scientists; its relevant expertise and the prioritisation of its collection-based world-leading role is being rapidly dismantled. It has been taken over by an administrative structure and placed under a government Department that have no notion of the importance of this role. Much of the Museum’s activity is no longer led by science intimately connected to its role as a collections-based institution and its public profile is dominated by journalistic presentations from sources that are widely available to a broad range of the media. Inappropriate leadership and recruitment have diverted its science base in directions that place much of its research within the activities of numerous other academic agencies, undermining the reason and justification for the Museum’s existence. The move of about half of the collections and associated scientific staff to a location outside of London is a self-imposed act of institutional vandalism. It will mutilate a national treasure, not only inflicting a massive and permanent financial burden but also irrevocably damaging the Museum’s, cultural identity and function as an integrated collections and research institution. Rather than responding to a planetary emergency, the Museum is tragically descending into irrelevance.
Integrative Surgery: Embedding Complementary and Nonpharmacologic Therapies into Surgical Pain Management Strategies
Authors: Diller Maggie L. , Master Viraj
Published: July 2022

There has been a growing interest in the use of complementary and alternative medicine in modern pain management strategies on behalf of both patients and clinicians. Nonpharmacologic modalities such as cryotherapy, acupuncture, music, and mind-body therapies have been shown to aid in symptom control and improve quality of life in patients suffering from acute and chronic pain, and there is a growing body of literature demonstrating their feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy in the perioperative period. Here, we provide a brief review of the current evidence supporting the use of complementary therapies within existing perioperative pain management strategies and highlight evidence-based protocols to facilitate implementation into modern surgical practice.
Exercise Oximetry Correlates Better With Exercise-Induced Lactate Increase, than Ankle Brachial Index or Walking Time, in Vascular Claudicants
Authors: Semporé Wendsèndaté Yves , Hersant Jeanne , Ramondou Pierre , Hamel Jean François , Abraham Pierre , Henni Samir
Published: July 2022

In claudication, the correlation between walking-induced biomarkers and indices of clinical severity (e.g., walking distance or ankle brachial index (ABI)), is fair. We hypothesized that a correlation would be observed between the clinical estimation of ischemia severity with exercise transcutaneous oximetry (Ex-TcpO2) and lactate increase. A prospective study was performed among 377 patients with arterial claudication. We recorded age, sex, ABI, body mass index (BMI), systolic arterial blood pressure (SBP), and glycemia. Capillary blood lactate was measured at rest and 3 min after a constant load treadmill test. We recorded maximum walking time (MWT), heart rate (HRmax), the sum of minimal decrease from oxygen values for buttocks, thighs and calves Ex-TcpO2 (DROPmin), as well as the amplitude of chest-TcpO2 decrease. A multilinear regression model was used to assess the variables associated with lactate increase. BMI, SBP, HRmax, the amplitude of decrease in chest-TcpO2 and DROPmin, but not age, sex, ABI, MWT, diabetes mellitus nor glycemia, were significantly associated to lactate increase in the model. Because it accounts for the severity and diffusion of lower-limb exercise-induced ischemia and detects exercise induced hypoxemia, TcpO2 may be preferable to ABI or MWT to estimate the metabolic consequences of walking in claudicants.
Contrast Media Volume to Creatinine Clearance Ratio in Predicting Nephropathy in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nie Yabin , Fan Limei , Song Qi , Wu Fenfen
Published: July 2022

The studies investigated the predictive value of the contrast media volume to creatinine clearance ratio (V/CrCl) for contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) after a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) showed conflicting results and different cut-off values. The objective is to evaluate V/CrCl in the prediction of CIN after PCI. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library were searched for eligible studies published from inception to November 2020. The optimal cut-off points of V/CrCl for predicting CIN were examined using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The random-effect model was used for analyses. Six studies (8 datasets, 16 899 patients) were included. V/CrCl was associated with CIN (OR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.88–3.78, P < .001; I2 = 79.3%, Pheterogeneity < .001). V/CrCl was associated with CIN in Asians (OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.52–2.98, P = .022; I2 = 68.8%, Pheterogeneity < .001) and Europeans (OR = 3.87, 95% CI: 1.77–8.45, P < .001; I2 = 85.1%, Pheterogeneity = .001). The association between V/CrCl and CIN was observed in the prospective cohort studies (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.42–3.29, P = .009; I2 = 78.9%, Pheterogeneity < .001) and retrospective cohort studies (OR = 3.31, 95% CI: 1.82–6.02, P < .001; I2 = 80.6%, Pheterogeneity < .001). The sensitivity analysis showed the results were robust. V/CrCl is independently associated with an increased risk of CIN. V/CrCl could be considered a reliable predictor for the development of CIN in patients undergoing PCI.
Prognostic significance of serum alkaline phosphatase for all-cause mortality in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A cohort of the hospitalized population
Authors: Liu Lu , Xu Ying , Jia Shanshan , Chen Xiaoping , He Sen
Published: July 2022

Higher levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as a novel risk factor was recently found associated with mortality in different population, whereas, the relationship remains unknown in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) population. In this study, we hypothesized that increased ALP could predict all-cause mortality in the adult HCM population. In this cohort study, retrospective data from 538 HCM patients consecutively recruited in West China Hospital were collected. Patients were divided into two groups by baseline ALP with 80 IU/L as the cutoff. All-cause mortality was set as the endpoint. Subgroup analysis was conducted in patients with normal liver function. In total, 461 adult HCM patients were included. After a median follow-up of 4.7 years, 91 patients died. Alkaline phosphatase was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality since patients in the higher ALP group had an increased risk (adjusted HR 2.0, 95% CI: 1.3–3.3, P < 0.01) compared with those in the lower ALP group. In subgroup analysis, the relationship was consistent with the overall (adjusted HR: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.7–5.3, P < 0.01 for the higher ALP group). In the Chinese cohort study of HCM patients, serum ALP is independently associated with all-cause mortality. Patients with a measured value above 80 IU/L had an increased risk of all-cause mortality and this cutoff might help with risk stratification in HCM population.
‘Carrying Forward the Great Founding Spirit’: Governance in the Communist Party of China Today
Authors: Jacob Jabin T. , Subba Bhim B.
Published: July 2022

The Communist Party of China’s transition from a revolutionary party to a ruling party has been accompanied by challenges to its legitimacy owing to issues of corruption and poor governance. As a result, the Party’s leadership has time and again laid stress on discipline and unity on internal governance, in other words, as a way of overcoming its shortcomings. This article looks at two approaches towards internal governance under current General Secretary Xi Jinping. The first, it argues, is a stress on the fervour and ideals of a past revolutionary era as the Party tries to reinforce its legitimacy to rule. The second is a strategy of greater control over the work of the state. Essentially, the Party is integrating the state ever closely with itself as a way of validating the effectiveness of its internal governance.
The invisible frontiers: Mental health and turnover intention among Egyptian social workers
Authors: Badahdah Abdallah , Shahin Mohamed M , Abu-Ras Wahiba
Published: July 2022

Research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social workers is limited, especially from low-income countries. Hence, this study examined the effect of this international health crisis on the mental health of 261 social workers in health care settings in Egypt. Generalized anxiety and stress generated by fear of COVID-19 directly influenced social workers’ intention to leave their current job. The findings show the vulnerability of social workers employed in health care settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. Their mental well-being is less than optimal, which might contribute to a high turnover rate.
Different fears, same alliance: Multilateralism, assurance and the origins of the 1951 United States–New Zealand–Australia alliance
Authors: Cohen Michael
Published: July 2022

How do power, interests and threats influence the creation of military alliances? Under what conditions do multilateral and bilateral alliances emerge? Are shared threat perceptions necessary for alliance creation? This article addresses these longstanding questions through developing and refining theories of alliance creation and design and tests them using new archival data from Australia and the United States. The theory and empirics refine balance of threat theory through developing and/or testing other theories regarding the balance of power, threat perception, assurance, signalling and control. Empirically, the article shows that although after the 1950 Korean War the United States wanted Japan to be capable of withstanding Soviet and Chinese challenges, Australia, New Zealand and the Philippines feared that this would allow future Japanese naval militarism. Truman sought to secure regional buy-in to his Japanese settlement through one multilateral alliance, given bilateralism’s costs of assuring multiple allies, but had to settle for several bilateral alliances given regional refusal to ally with Japan. The findings show that bilateral alliances incur previously neglected ‘assurance costs’ and that alliances are possible between states with divergent threat perceptions.
Illuminating the Black Hole: Examining Middle Grade Social Studies Teacher Education Pathways and Student Achievement
Authors: Fitchett Paul G. , Heafner Tina L.
Published: July 2022

Examining the connections among teacher characteristics, instructional decision-making, and student learning in social studies education are both complicated and contentious. In the current study, we shed light on middle grades social studies teaching and learning—a black hole of research in the subject area. Using data from the National Assessment for Education Progress (NAEP) eighth grade U.S. history assessment, we explore the intersections of eighth grade social studies teachers’ teacher education pathways, instructional, decision-making, and curricular structure on students’ knowledge of history. Results suggest that teachers identified as having a social studies-inclusive teacher education background and who only teach social studies (as opposed to multiple subjects) were associated with higher average student performance on the NAEP exam. Findings have implications for middle grades social studies teacher education and how the subject is organized within middle schools.
“Nobody Wants to Talk About It, Especially in This Building”: A Qualitative Study of How People Living in Permanent Supportive Housing Approach End-Of-Life Care
Authors: McCune Emma K. , Visser Megan R. , Bamberger Joshua
Published: July 2022

Permanent supportive housing (PSH) is long-term affordable housing with onsite social services. End-of-life care (EOLC) involves a discussion about the type of medical care an individual hopes to receive at the end of their life. This qualitative study examines the goals, desires, and expectations for EOLC for people living in PSH. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 formerly homeless residents in four PSH facilities in San Francisco, California and analyzed using the framework method. The interviews reveal how an individual’s experience with housing precarity and with the PSH setting shape their preferences and expectations for the end of life. While PSH residents value social support in their final days, social isolation in PSH serves as a barrier to receiving such support. Results from this work can inform policies and programs to support people living in PSH in achieving their desired death.
Use of Digital Storytelling in Classrooms and Beyond
Authors: Shahid Maria , Khan Mohd Rizwan
Published: July 2022

Storytelling has been a part of our lives ever since humans made the first attempt to communicate with their fellow beings. In ancient times, before oral storytelling even appeared, humans drew pictures and symbols to communicate their stories. As a universal language which everyone can understand, stories have been passed on from generations to generations as a way to share feelings, wisdom, and values. Now in this digital age, the traditional art of storytelling has found its modern reincarnated version in the form of digital stories. Storytelling is an art to be honed; and when combined with multimedia, including audio, video, and graphics, it transforms the experience in ways never before imagined. The paper attempts to explore what is new in digital stories and how it can be used in educational settings. Through an exploration of the pedagogic potential of digital stories, the paper, in addition, seeks to initiate constructive dialogue regarding its implementation in classroom activities and beyond.
Experiences and views of clinical psychologists working in non-urban areas of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Siyothula Evy-Terressah Busisiwe
Published: July 2022

The process of integrating mental health care into primary health care remains slow in many non-urban areas of low to middle-income countries. The present study explored clinical psychologists’ experiences of working in non-urban areas of KwaZulu-Natal to assess the progress of integrating mental health into primary health care. Twenty-nine clinical psychologists participated in this study and provided input on the following areas: clinical psychologists’ preparedness, through training, to work in resource-constrained non-urban areas; availability of mental health resources; and understanding of the clinical psychologists’ role in their work context. Over half (51.7%) of the participants reported that their training did not prepare them to work in resource-constrained non-urban areas and more than two-thirds (72.4%) reported a lack of basic resources needed for optimal mental health care in non-urban areas of KwaZulu-Natal. The findings reflect the need for comprehensive training of clinical psychologists to enhance their competency and confidence to work in resource-constrained settings. Furthermore, investment in the promotion of clinical psychology services and more conducive mental health service environments is necessary.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Advancing Diversity in Aging Research
Authors: Patrick Julie Hicks , Rusch Amber V. , Tajc Kaitlyn , Alvis Jennifer
Published: July 2022

The following papers represent an early contribution of the National Institute on Aging's commitment to support high-quality research and mentor a more diverse workforce in the field of aging. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development has previously issued calls for such scholarship and has provided opportunities to share some of their teaching techniques that foster and support the next generation of gerontologists. In this issue, we feature both lessons learned from those who design and supervise National Institute of Aging-supported training programs and we highlight some of the work that these diverse scholars are contributing to the field. We hope that by disseminating “lessons learned” and specific research pieces, other labs will begin similar programs. We encourage others to develop and implement innovative training models and explore some of the funding opportunities available to support increasing diversity in aging.
The Military Covenant, Contractual Relations, and Social Cohesion in Democracies: Estonia as an Exploratory Case Study
Authors: Kasearu Kairi , Lillemäe Eleri , Ben-Ari Eyal
Published: July 2022

The military covenant is a set of morally binding expectations marking the exchange between military, society, and the state. Its base is the military’s duality: like other large public institutions delivering services and its uniqueness in holding the monopoly over the use of legitimate organized state violence. The covenant is a form of relational (not transactional) contract based on trust between, and a long-term orientation of, partners; it both orders and displays these relations thereby offering both prescriptions for action and discursive means to legitimate them. The covenant can be used as an analytical (not normative) concept for theoretical development in three areas: social change and society-military ties, processual aspects of agreements between individuals and groups and the armed forces, and links between society-military ties and the social contract and social cohesion. We use the case of Estonia to illustrate the theoretical potential of the military covenant.
Overturning the “Risk Rule” of 1988, Opting for New Risks: U.S. Women Servicemembers and the War in Afghanistan
Authors: Buscha Connie A.
Published: July 2022

The evolution of the status of American women as warriors between Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm in 1990-1991 and the War in Afghanistan, beginning in 2001 [and simultaneously the Iraq War in 2003] is explored. This era of American civil-military history included rescinding the ‘Risk Rule’ of 1988, the formal ban on women serving in ground combat units. This generation of women’s legitimate military service as warriors began. The Afghanistan War period also exposed, however, the physical and emotional risks military women often face from their own colleagues on a global scale in the form of sexual violence. As a society, we purposefully must eliminate such risks inherent in the contemporary All-Volunteer Force (AVF) and clean up the resulting messes before we even consider taking the risk of conscription and mass mobilization of American women in our next war.
Perceived teacher empathy and teenagers’ positive academic emotions: The mediating effect of interpersonal emotion regulation
Authors: Wang Shuyin , Li Xu , Lu Jiamei , Yu Meiqi
Published: July 2022

Although teacher empathy has an important influence on adolescents’ positive academic emotions, the mediating mechanism between these two factors remains unclear. This study examines whether interpersonal emotion regulation plays a mediating role in the relationship between perceived teacher empathy and teenagers’ positive academic emotions. A total of 755 teenagers completed the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, the Adolescents’ Academic Emotions Questionnaire, and the Interpersonal Regulation Questionnaire. The results revealed significant correlations between two subscales of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, perspective-taking and empathic concern; two dimensions of the Adolescents’ Academic Emotions Questionnaire, high and low positive arousal; and two dimensions of the Interpersonal Regulation Questionnaire, positive and negative emotion interpersonal emotion regulation. Perceived teacher empathy positively predicted teenagers’ positive academic emotions, and interpersonal emotion regulation played a mediating role.
Product Life Cycle Lengths and Real Activities Management
Authors: Xu Crystal , Yan Meng
Published: July 2022

We examine how short product life cycle lengths constrain real activities management among a group of manufacturing firms. Companies with short-cycle products face fast product obsolescence and constant pressure to develop and market new products. Fast product obsolescence increases the cost of overproduction, while constant pressure for new product development increases the cost of opportunistic spending cuts. We predict and find evidence that in general, short-cycle firms do not beat earnings thresholds through overproduction and discretionary spending cuts as extensively as long-cycle firms do. However, since the Sarbanes-Oxley Act came into effect, short-cycle firms have increasingly overproduced, and there is no longer a difference in overproduction between short- and long-cycle firms. Moreover, the presence of major customers attenuates the relationship between product life cycle lengths and real activities management, while a large market share and high fixed-assets intensity both accentuate the relationship. Finally, short-cycle firms are also less likely to use LIFO (last-in, first out) liquidation to inflate earnings than long-cycle firms.
Audit Committee Chair Monitoring Incentives to Use Voluntary Disclosure in the Audit Committee Report Under High Agency Conflicts
Authors: Reidenbach Matthew R.
Published: July 2022

This study evaluates whether an association exists between the agency incentives of the audit committee chair and voluntary disclosure of their monitoring activities in their audit committee report. Prior research suggests that a shift toward greater voluntary disclosure in the audit committee report occurred following the passage of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act but does not directly address the determinants of voluntary disclosure. Consistent with agency theory, audit committee chairs signal their duty-specific monitoring activities to shareholders, possibly to protect their reputation and justify their compensation. Within a high-litigation industry, this study provides evidence that audit committee chairs with a greater reputation level (i.e., more public company directorships) provide more concise duty-specific voluntary disclosure when serving companies with high levels of agency conflicts. This provides evidence consistent with efficiency in the market for audit committee chairs. This study also provides evidence that audit committee chairs respond to likely shareholder concerns by providing more concise duty-specific voluntary disclosure when their company has previously restated its financials. Finally, audit committee chairs provide increased voluntary disclosure specifically related to external audit oversight when high agency conflicts exist. As a whole, this contributes to the existing audit committee literature by providing evidence that voluntary disclosure incentives for financial reporting are also important determinants of more qualitative compliance-based reporting in the proxy statement. This has implications for accounting and governance practitioners as voluntary audit committee report disclosure offers shareholders detailed information that they may use in evaluating audit committee monitoring performance.
Working Hard or Hardly Working? An Examination of Job Preservation Responses to Job Insecurity
Authors: Shoss Mindy K. , Su Shiyang , Schlotzhauer Ann E. , Carusone Nicole
Published: July 2022

The question of how job insecurity affects workplace behaviors has been the source of debate in the academic literature as well as in the popular press. The current study leverages and expands ideas from the Conservation of Resources theory about resource investment to examine how and when job insecurity is associated with behaviors indicative of promotive or protective job preservation strategies aimed at social or task targets. We present two studies. The first study takes a longitudinal approach to examine the bidirectional relationships between job insecurity and job performance, counterproductive work behaviors, knowledge hiding, and self-presentation ingratiatory behavior. The second study examines job preservation motivation as a mechanism linking job insecurity to these work behaviors, and it considers specific elements of threats as moderators (i.e., perceived threat controllability, perceived threat proximity). Together these studies suggest that job insecurity is associated with strategic behavior when employees are facing proximal threats to their jobs; however, these efforts are rarely in the best interest of organizations.
Processing pragmatic inferences in L2 French speakers
Authors: Destruel Emilie
Published: July 2022

A large amount of literature exists on how native speakers derive and process pragmatic inferences, yet few studies have examined the issue in second language learners, despite a controversial debate of second language (L2) ultimate attainment of phenomena situated at external interfaces. This study contributes to the debate on the integration of external interfaces in highly proficient end-state adult L2 grammars. In an effort to bridge the empirical gap in the past literature, this article reports on two sentence-picture verification tasks designed to test the processing cost of the exhaustive inference associated with cleft sentences in the L2 French of English learners with different proficiency levels. Truth-value judgments and reaction times were recorded in contexts that violated or supported the exhaustive inference. Overall, results show that L2 learners diverge from the natives in their online processing of the exhaustive inference only and that proficiency plays an important role in predicting their behavior. Nevertheless, what post-hoc observations of the data reveal is that L2 length of exposure to native input might be an even better predictor, since only those L2 speakers who have had more exposure to native French input compute the exhaustive inference in clefts as fast as French natives.
Effect of progressive bridging exercise on weight-bearing during the extension phase of sit-to-stand, and on sit-to-stand ability in individuals with stroke: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Pankheaw Thitinat , Hiengkaew Vimonwan , Bovonsunthonchai Sunee , Tretriluxana Jarugool
Published: July 2022

Objective

To examine the effect of a progressive bridging exercise on force, time, and pressure during the extension phase of sit-to-stand, and on sit-to-stand ability in individuals with stroke.

Design

A single-blinded randomised controlled trial.

Setting

Hospital.

Participants

Forty-eight individuals with acute ischemic stroke, not at brainstem and cerebellum, randomly allocated to the intervention ( n = 24) and control ( n = 24) groups. Five participants dropped out during the 2-month follow-up, but they were in the intention-to-treat analysis.

Interventions 

The intervention group undertook a 45-min conventional physiotherapy and a 30-min progressive bridging exercise. The control group received only the conventional exercise.

Main measures

Peak vertical ground reaction force, time to peak force, peak foot pressure, and regional peak foot pressure during the extension phase of sit-to-stand, and sitting-to-standing item of the Motor Assessment Scale were assessed before training, after 4-week training, and 2-month follow-up.

Results

The intervention group showed significantly ( p < 0.001) less difference in peak vertical ground reaction force between feet during the extension phase of sit-to-stand than the control after 4-week training (mean ± standard deviation; intervention, 5.38 ± 3.99; control, 17.1 ± 10.3) and 2-month follow-up (intervention, 6.79 ± 3.84; control, 17.5 ± 9.89), and demonstrated significantly ( p < 0.001) higher score in sit-to-stand than the control after training [mean (interquartile range); intervention, 5 (2-5); control, 2 (1-2)] and follow-up [intervention, 2 (2-5); control, 2 (1-2)]. Both groups demonstrated peak foot pressure on the medial and lateral heels, metatarsals, and hallux regions.

Conclusion 

Progressive bridging exercise improved symmetrical weight bearing during the extension phase of sit-to-stand, consequently enhanced sit-to-stand ability in individuals with stroke.
Prognostic significance of location index in resected T1-sized early-stage non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kang Seung Wan , Jeong Won Gi , Lee Jong Eun , Oh In-Jae , Song Sang Yun , Lee Byung Chan , Kim Yun-Hyeon
Published: July 2022

Background

While the central location is a known adverse prognostic factor in lung cancer, a precise definition of central lung cancer has not yet emerged.

Purpose

To determine the prognostic significance of central lung cancer (defined by location index) in resected T1-sized early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Material and Methods

Patients with resected T1-sized early-stage NSCLC between 2010 and 2015 at a single tertiary cancer center were retrospectively reviewed. Central lung cancer was defined by a location index of the second tertile or less. Kaplan–Meier analysis with log-rank test and multivariable Cox regression analysis were performed to analyze the relationship between central lung cancer and the prognosis of relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Inter-observer agreement was assessed using Cohen's kappa value and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results

Overall, 289 patients (169 men; median age 65 years; interquartile range 58–70 years) were evaluated. Central lung cancer (defined by location index) was adversely associated with RFS ( P = 0.005) and OS ( P = 0.01). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that central lung cancer was independently associated with poor RFS (adjusted hazard ratio 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–3.24; P = 0.017) and OS (adjusted hazard ratio 1.69; 95% CI 1.04–2.74; P = 0.033). Location index demonstrated excellent inter-observer agreement (Cohen's kappa value 0.88; 95% CI 0.82–0.93) with a high ICC (0.98; 95% CI 0.97–0.98).

Conclusion

Central lung cancer defined by a location index of the second tertile or lower is an independent adverse prognostic factor in resected T1-sized early-stage NSCLC.
Evaluation of epiphora by topical contrast-enhanced CT and MR dacryocystography: which one to choose?
Authors: Singla Avisha , Ballal Sandeep , Guruvaiah Nanditha , Ponnatapura Janardhana
Published: July 2022

Background

Our study aims to compare non-invasive imaging such as topical computed tomography dacryocystography (CTD) and topical magnetic resonance dacryocystography (MRD) in patients with epiphora.

Purpose

To evaluate the practicability of topical contrast media during helical CTD and topical saline during MRD to reveal obstruction in the nasolacrimal drainage system (NLDS).

Material and Methods

Twenty participants with nasolacrimal duct obstruction were observed for two years. Ten participants underwent CTD and the other 10 participants underwent MRD. Images were analyzed by two radiologists. Participants were also asked about the level of discomfort of the contrast material versus the saline solution.

Results

The NLDS was seen on both CTD and MRD. Very good agreement between the two observers (κ value > 0.81) was seen according to the κ statistics. CTD multiplanar and 3D images allowed for precise diagnosis of the point of obstruction whereas, the MRD did not require any contrast material and showed the point of obstruction. Saline was more comfortable for the patients than topical contrast ( P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Topical CTD and MRD are non-invasive techniques that can visualize the degree and level of obstruction in the NLDS than conventional invasive cannulation dacryocystography. CTD is useful in visualizing the point of obstruction and smaller drainage structures. However, it is a source of ionizing radiation to the lens. The benefit of MRD is that it requires no contrast or radiation; however, it is poor in depicting the bone anatomy and smaller drainage structures. Finally, saline was better tolerated by patients than topical contrast
Sublingual papillomas of cheetahs in southern Africa
Authors: Steenkamp Gerhard , Tordiffe Adrian S. W. , Suleman Essa , Oosthuizen Almero , Brettschneider Helene , Boy Sonja C.
Published: July 2022

Nine distinct papillomaviruses (Lambdapapillomavirus) have been described in domestic and nondomestic cats, but not in cheetahs. These viruses have been associated with cutaneous papillomas or plaques, bowenoid in situ carcinomas, feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), feline sarcoids, and oral (often sublingual) papillomas. Fourteen cheetahs from the AfriCat foundation (Namibia) and one from the Ann van Dyk Cheetah center (South Africa) presented with sublingual lesions reminiscent of sublingual papillomas. Two animals were biopsied and the histopathology revealed benign proliferative epithelial lesions with prominent thickening of the overlying squamous epithelium. Throughout the squamous epithelial layers were cells with nuclear enlargement, irregularity of the nuclear membranes and cell contours, focal hyperchromasia of the nuclei, and perinuclear halos, reminiscent of a virus-associated process as seen in papillomavirus infections. Thirteen more cheetahs were sampled and the tissue snap frozen for molecular characterization. Amplification and sequencing of the papillomavirus L1, E6, E7, and E1 gene regions was achieved with modified primers. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses revealed all 15 cheetah papilloma samples were 99.99% genetically similar and closely related to, but genetically distinct from any known felinepapillomaviruses. All cheetahs were FIV and FeLV negative. The results suggest the samples identified in this study can be considered a previously undescribed or novel feline papillomavirus and the authors propose “ Acinonyx jubatus papillomavirus type 1” (AjPV-1), within the Lambdapapillomavirus 1 genus (Family: Papillomaviridae).
Fragility curves for road embankments exposed to adjacent debris flow
Authors: Nieto Natalia , Chamorro Alondra , Echaveguren Tomás , Escauriaza Cristián
Published: July 2022

Studies of recent decades have shown thousands of kilometers of transportation networks that have presented damage or failure from different types of flows, causing important traffic disruptions. Debris flows running adjacent (or in parallel) to river channels often explain the structural damage to road embankments caused by slope erosion. The probability of expected structural damage caused by a natural hazard may be modeled using fragility curves, which have been developed for transportation infrastructures like bridges and roads exposed to debris flows and are used in risk assessment. There are even fragility curves available to estimate the fragility of road embankments exposed to perpendicular debris flows. However, currently no model is available to estimate the road damage probability of embankments exposed to adjacent debris flows despite their important effects on traffic. This paper aimed to develop fragility curves for road embankments exposed to adjacent debris flows, considering mechanisms of exposed slopes subject to erosion and subsequent embankment instability. Models were calibrated considering flow characteristics in straight and bend channels including three damage states in terms of road traffic capacity loss. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to model potential damage, obtaining fragility curves for two types of roads. Curves were fit to log-normal distributions with a 99.5% confidence level. The analysis demonstrated that the geometric characteristics of road embankments explain their fragility, wherein lower heights and platform widths result in more probable expected damage. The analytical model developed confirmed that the erosive process intensifies in bend zones of channels, resulting in higher damage probability.