bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
National hospital readiness for COVID-19 in Lesotho: evidence for oxygen ecosystem strengthening
Authors: Sanders J. E. , Chakare T. , Mapota-Masoabi L. , Ranyali M. , Ramokhele M. M. , Rozario A. M. , McCollum E. D.
Published: December 2021

SETTING:Sub-Saharan African country, Lesotho, during the SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 pandemic.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate COVID-19 hospital capacity in Lesotho.DESIGN: We conducted a pragmatic assessment of all public hospitals in Lesotho using a WHO COVID-19 hospital
assessment tool during July 2020 (baseline), with targeted follow-up in December 2020. We adapted the WHO tool into a questionnaire with a focus on hospital services and included oxygen ecosystem elements (pulse oximeters, oxygen, and advanced respiratory care). We converted qualitative questionnaire
answers into quantitative ordinal variables and used standard statistics for analysis.RESULTS: At baseline, we found all 12 questionnaire domains demonstrate both hospital preparedness and weakness in infection prevention and control. Key baseline gaps were lack of a dedicated team,
and insufficient personal protective equipment and space for donning and doffing. Substantial limitations were noted in hypoxemia diagnosis and treatment; information management and care coordination pathways were also suboptimal. Targeted follow-up after 5 months revealed improvement in the
availability of pulse oximetry, oxygen capacity, and heated high-flow nasal cannula devices.CONCLUSION: Our baseline findings may reflect uneven early pandemic care quality; targeted follow-up suggests strengthening of the oxygen ecosystem.
XXV Conference on Accounting and Controlling.
Conceptions of the Cost and Performance Management held in Polanica-Zdrój, October 11–13, 2021
Authors: Kowalak Robert
Published: December 2021

The text contains a report of the scientific conference organized by the Chair of Cost Account-ing, Tax Management, and Controlling at the University of Economics and Business in Wroclaw, from 11 to 13 October 2021, in Polanica- Zdrój. The conference in the Accounting and Controlling cycle, under the motto, The Conceptions of Cost and Performance Man-agement, addressed today's problems and challenges in managing costs and performance. That conference was very special because it was the 25th jubilee conference. At this year's conference, Professor Edward Nowak was thanked for his many years of professional work and for organizing all editions of the conference.
Fizyczno-utylitarny wzór kultury a doświadczenia wojny w byłej Jugosławii
Authors: Pac-Pomarnacka Lidia , Augustyn Agnieszka , Rutkowski Dariusz
Published: December 2021

W świecie nauki problem kultury i tworzonych przez społeczeństwa wzorów kulturowych zajmuje istotne miejsce. Wielu autorów udowodniło, że wzory kultury dotyczą również ciała. Ciało, dzięki uczestnictwu w kulturze, tworzy wzory kultury fizycznej. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja wzorów kultury fizycznej Floriana Znanieckiego oraz wzorów wartości ciała Andrzeja Pawłuckiego na kulturowo odmiennym terenie, jakim są kraje byłej Jugosławii. Szczególnej analizie zostały poddane społeczności miejskie Sarajewa, Vukovaru i Zaprešicia. W czasie badań etnograficznych podjęto próbę rozpoznania, czy warunki wojny lat 90. stanowiły przeszkodę w wypełnianiu wzorów kultury fizycznej przez ludność cywilną Sarajewa (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem kobiet i dziewcząt) i czy ludność ta pielęgnowała wzór fizyczno-utylitarny. W badaniach wykorzystano obserwację, wywiad narracyjny oraz analizę tekstów źródłowych. Wyniki eksploracji pokazały, że wzór utylitarny wypełniany był przez kobiety i dziewczęta w oblężonym Sarajewie, zakładał sprawność i gotowość cielesną do walki. Ów wzór spotkał się również ze swoim odbiciem w krzywym zwierciadle, na skutek interpretacji rzeczywistości wojennej przez dzieci.
Socio-economic development of Polish regions and crime
Authors: Wiśniowska Karolina , Garncarz Jakub
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the socio economic
development of different regions of Poland and the number and structure of
the most frequent crimes committed in them. The study clearly shows that crimes related
to corruption and theft are most frequently committed in the richer regions of Poland,
while the number of crimes related to damage to property decreased with the level of
socio-economic development. Among the analyzed crimes, the highest correlation with
macroeconomic variables was observed in the case of theft and corruption crimes;
a particularly strong relationship was found between corruption and the level of GDP and
wages, and between the number of thefts and the stock of housing and the level of GDP in
the regions. Moreover, the structure and number of crimes in the poorest regions of Poland
show many similarities, with five of the eight poorest regions in eastern Poland showing
a relationship between the number and types of crimes.
Innovation Box w praktyce – ulga dla programistów
Authors: Fus Anna
Published: December 2021

Innovation Box (IP Box) – podatek od dochodu z kwalifikowanych praw własności intelektualnej – pozwala na
skorzystanie z preferencyjnej stawki w wysokości 5%, pod warunkiem osiągnięcia przez podatnika dochodu z
kwalifikowanych praw własności intelektualnej, a także prowadzenia przez niego działalności badawczo-rozwojowej (w zakresie, w jakim chce skorzystać z powyższego rozwiązania). Ulga ta jest stosowana przede wszystkim
przez przedsiębiorców działających w branży IT. Wiążą się z nią obowiązki, w tym obowiązek prowadzenia ewidencji zdarzeń gospodarczych zawierającej operacje finansowe dotyczące dochodów z kwalifikowanych praw własności intelektualnej.
Film and the Anarchist Imagination
Authors: Porton Richard
Published: December 2021

Hailed since its initial release, this book offers the authoritative account of films featuring anarchist characters and motifs. The book delves into the many ways filmmakers have portrayed anarchism's long traditions of labor agitation and revolutionary struggle. While acknowledging cinema's predilection for ludicrous anarchist stereotypes, the book focuses on films that, wittingly or otherwise, reflect or even promote workplace resistance, anarchist pedagogy, self-emancipation, and anti-statist insurrection. The book ranges from the silent era to the classics Zero de Conduite and Love and Anarchy to contemporary films like The Nothing Factory, while engaging the works of Jean Vigo, Jean-Luc Godard, Lina Wertmuller, Yvonne Rainer, Ken Loach, and others. This updated second edition reflects on several new topics, including the negative portrayals of anarchism over the past twenty years and the contemporary embrace of post-anarchism.
NFL Football
Authors: Crepeau Richard C.
Published: December 2021

A multibillion-dollar entertainment empire, the National Football League is a coast-to-coast obsession that borders on religion and dominates our sports-mad culture. But today's NFL also provides a stage for playing out important issues roiling American society.
This updated and expanded edition of NFL Football observes the league's centennial by following the NFL into the twenty-first century, where off-the-field concerns compete with touchdowns and goal line stands for headlines. Richard C. Crepeau delves into the history of the league and breaks down the new era with an in-depth look at the controversies and dramas swirling around pro football today:
 Tensions between players and Commissioner Roger Goodell over collusion, drug policies, and revenue, including analysis of the 2020 collective bargaining agreement
 The firestorm surrounding Colin Kaepernick and protests of police violence and inequality
 Andrew Luck and others choosing early retirement over the threat to their long-term health
 Paul Tagliabue's role in covering up information on concussions
 The Super Bowl's evolution into a national holiday
Authoritative and up to the minute, NFL Football continues the epic American success story.
Depression and War
Authors: Crepeau Richard C.
Published: December 2021

This chapter examines the evolution of the league from one centered in small and medium sized cities, to one made up of larger population centers with the exception being Green Bay. This change was the result of a strategy and was aided by the economic impact of the Great Depression. The Chicago Bears led by Bronco Nagurski was one of the powerhouse franchises of the NFL in the 1930s along with the Packers, Giants and Redskins. The decade saw the segregation of the NFL as the league succumbed to the wishes of the owner of the Washington Redskins, Preston Marshall. There was a steady growth in the interest in the league and media coverage moved beyond local coverage. By the end of the decade the league was on the brink of major status among American sports. World War II disrupted these developments and some franchises such as Pittsburgh and Philadelphia (Steagles) were combined. NFL Players and coaches joined the war effort as the league displayed its patriotism. Paul Brown became the coach of the football team at the Great Lakes Naval Training Center a powerhouse of wartime football. By wars end, there were predictions that professional football was the game of the future.
Moving to Center Stage
Authors: Crepeau Richard C.
Published: December 2021

1959 was a milestone year for football and the NFL. Vince Lombardi became head coach at Green Bay; the national media gave increasing attention to the NFL with a Time cover story and CBS’s “The Violent World of Sam Huff” leading the way; and Pete Rozelle was chosen the New Commissioner following the death of Bert Bell. Lamar Hunt and “Bud” Adams announced the formation of the American Football League in 1959 and a battle to sign players followed. The signing battle was costly to both leagues and put great pressure on all teams to settle. The AFL was aided in its survival by television contracts and their millionaire owners. The AFL moved to sign African-American players and this accelerated the desegregation process. The AFL played a different style of football and that helped attract fans. Key developments included the signing of Joe Namath by the New York Jets, expansion of both leagues, and wild spending on bonuses in 1965. In 1966 Lamar Hunt and Tex Schramm began secret negotiations on a merger. The settlement in 1966 was complicated but did include the agreement for an AFL/NFL Championship game and a retention of separate leagues until 1970. The merger approval by Congress involved political maneuvering including the creation of the New Orleans franchise in exchange for Congressman Hale Boggs’s work on the legislation. Between 1966 and 1970 the details were worked out by a Merger Committee representing both leagues. The final obstacle was divisional realignment necessitating some NFL teams moving from the National Conference to the American Conference. This was settled when Cleveland, Baltimore, and Pittsburg agreed to a move. In the meantime the Super Bowl was already becoming a major event aided by Joe Namath’s guarantee of a Jets victory in Super Bowl III.
Labor Conflict
Authors: Crepeau Richard C.
Published: December 2021

Two things affected early labor relations in the NFL, a unified ownership hostile to unions and the paternal character of the coach and player relationship. NFL salaries dropped after the merger with the AAFC and stayed depressed in the 1950s. There was an attempt to form a union led by Dante Lavelli of the Browns and Creighton Miller that was basically a failure. While the NFL was losing in court in the Radovich Case and failing to get an anti-trust exemption, NFL Commissioner Bert Bell maneuvered around the NFLPA and the House Judiciary Committee. The coming of the American Football League and Commissioner Pete Rozelle in the Sixties changed the relationship between the NFL and the players. Rozelle fought against the NFLPA under its various leaders, with some success by among other things violating labor law. Bernie Parrish, John Gordy, and John Mackey in turn led the NFLPA with various lawyers serving as director. The coming of Ed Garvey as council and subsequently Executive Director, working with John Mackey, resulted in a major conflict between the NFL and the NFLPA. Several strikes were called and failed and in effect the NFL defeated the NFLPA. Then the players disbanded the NFLPA and turned to the courts for redress where they had some success. The Mackey Case and subsequent collective bargaining agreements were landmarks along the way, but in the end success only came in the courts. Ed Garvey emerged as the prime villain and was under constant attack from the NFL, and in the end he was undermined by the League and by his own errors and resigned his position. For the most part the press supported the NFL against the players and helped turn the fans against the players. Labor turmoil continued and Commissioner Rozelle was incapable of achieving a labor settlement, while Garvey alienated the owners and some of the players. Both had to go before a settlement could be reached. Garvey resigned in June of 1982 following the failed strike. One more strike in 1987 led to Pete Rozelle’s retirement as he was tired of the struggle. The use of strike breakers moved some of the press away from ownership but again the strike failed. When the NFLPA went to court again they found that the courts would not allow them to sue because they were suing over a bargained issue. The result was a decision to decertify the NFLPA and then return to court to sue as individuals. This is where things stood as the Search Committee began looking for a new Commissioner.
Introduction
Authors: Crymble Adam
Published: December 2021

This introductory chapter argues that historians have a collective blind spot when it comes to the role of technology in their field’s development. This blind spot extends to many so-called digital scholars, whose preference for trying to define digital work, combined with a lack of knowledge of the history of technology and historical studies, has hampered conversations between digital and traditional scholarship. As historians increasingly work with computers, computers will increasingly exert their influence on the scholarly agenda, and so scholars must understand both the machine’s strengths and the limits it imposes, as well as how the field has tackled challenges in the past.
The Archival Revisionism of Mass Digitization
Authors: Crymble Adam
Published: December 2021

By the twenty-first century, billions of historical sources were digitized, with many historians actively involved in this unprecedented archival revisionism. Understanding the history of mass digitization is fundamental to understanding the environment of historians in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, as well as one of the key ways that historians applied computers to their cause. Charting the history of the archive through waves of interest in hypertext, multimedia, the Internet, Web 2.0, user experience, and mobile computing, this chapter argues that changes in technology-enabled historians to revise the nature of the archive, first by bringing primary sources into the classroom and then into the streets.
Digitizing the History Classroom
Authors: Crymble Adam
Published: December 2021

This chapter charts how the history curriculum changed as a result of “digital” influences. From successive waves of learning statistics and spreadsheets, to mastering the Web, to an obsession with methodology in the absence of any historical content, and finally a return to historical themes, the classroom of the digital age was in a state of flux. The chapter argues that there was no overarching plan for a digital transformation of the historical classroom. Instead, the profession witnessed a well-intentioned reaction against perceived gaps in teaching provision led by passionate individuals who experimented widely with the tools of the day. Understanding those siloed approaches in historical context provides a roadmap for how the profession can better harness change moving forward.
Reimagined Communities
Authors: Barclay Jenifer L.
Published: December 2021

This chapter argues that the social relations of disability had a profound and long overlooked effect on slave families, communities, and culture. Dismissed and deemed worthless by slaveholders, enslaved people with disabilities occupied a marginalized but uniquely empowered social space. They often escaped sale and provided important labor to their families and communities, representing stability and social cohesion to vulnerable communities threatened by separation and disruption. Shared experiences of disability banded smaller groups of enslaved people together, sometimes across different types of impairment. Broader understandings of certain conditions such as blindness and dwarfism as markers of spiritual power meant that disability figured prominently in healing practices like conjuration and suggest how perceptions of the body played a role in African cultural retentions.
Conclusion
Authors: Barclay Jenifer L.
Published: December 2021

The complexities of life for slaves with disabilities continued into the Civil War as some became “contraband.” With emancipation, the experiences of freedpeople with disabilities, including veterans, grew more obscure. The use of disability as a marker of inferiority, however, expanded in potent new ways by drawing on the ideology of ableism during Reconstruction to legitimize white dominance. Using the lens of intersectionality, it is clear how the antebellum era’s multitude of disabling narratives of race substantiated the racial order of society and established an enduring set of foundational myths, beliefs, and practices about race. Over time, overt analogies between blackness and disability gave way to more subtle suggestions of black inferiority and “damage imagery” that echoed well into the twentieth century.
Fighting Visibility
Authors: McClearen Jennifer
Published: December 2021

Over the first twenty years of the Ultimate Fighting Championship’s (UFC) history, the mixed-martial arts (MMA) promotion adamantly excluded female athletes and upheld sports media’s time-honored tradition of ignoring and undervaluing sportswomen. Yet, in the early 2010s, Ronda Rousey burst onto the MMA stage and convinced the UFC to include women, which ushered in a new fervor for female athletes in a male-dominated cultural milieu. The popularity of women in the UFC might suggest that female athletes in combat sports are breaking the barriers of a notoriously stubborn glass ceiling. However, as the first academic book analyzing the UFC as a sports media brand, Fighting Visibility urges advocates of women’s sports to consider the limits of representation for cultural change and urges caution against the celebratory discourse of women’s inclusion. Part cultural history of the UFC as a media juggernaut and part cautionary tale for the future of women as sports laborers, Fighting Visibility argues that the UFC’s promotion of diverse female athletes actually serves as a seductive mirage of progress that enables the brand’s exploitative labor practices. The UFC’s labor model disproportionately taxes female athletes, particularly women of color and gender nonnormative women, despite also promoting them at unprecedented levels. Fighting Visibility complicates a prevalent notion among sports scholars, activists, and fans that the increased visibility of female athletes will lead to greater equity in sports media and instead urges us to question who ultimately benefits from that visibility in neoliberal brand culture.
The Blue and the Gray and the Red
Authors: Stanley Matthew E.
Published: December 2021

This chapter analyzes how the Socialist Party of America invoked the “Second American Revolution” to advocate left nationalism, incremental reform, and Christian socialism, or to validate calls for revolution or international industrial emancipation. Pairing the class struggle with abolitionism tied socialism to domestic tradition and rendered the Civil War part of a revolutionary struggle. The Industrial Workers of the World, meanwhile, claimed one of the most contentious legacies of the abolitionists: the defiance of absolute property rights. However, the Red Scare helped undermine the socialist narrative of the war for the Union as a working-class war. Political repression reinforced the decline of revolutionary Civil War memories, which in turn yielded before rising strains of conservative industrial patriotism.
3 “‘Home, Sweet Home!’ with brilliant variations”
Authors: Bailey Candace
Published: December 2021

The idea that “parlor songs” or “parlor music” encapsulates musicking in this period marginalizes a practice that ranged from the sublime to the ridiculous and extended from virtuoso piano arrangements, to simple sentimental song. This chapter examines the types of music that could be heard in southern homes and considers regional, socioeconomic, and geographic influences on the genres (opera from Paris, waltzes, German songs), composers (Bishop, Abt, Rossini, Beyer), and basic musical qualities (bel canto or Old-World melodies) preferred throughout the South. It considers opera as cultural capital in a variety of contexts, from socially approved parlor performance to proof of cultural attainment when attended in person.
7 “A remarkable accomplishment for one of the gentle sex”
Authors: Bailey Candace
Published: December 2021

The emphasis on Sarah Smith’s reputation as an educator and the foundational role she had in establishing music programs at both the Columbia Female Institute and the Athenaeum brings to the fore opportunities for southern women to craft their own careers. Those who deliberately put themselves before a public in the antebellum period risked much damage to their social standing. Most carefully guarded their gentility by retaining as much obscurity as possible, but others notably stood out for their place in the public gaze....
11 “Beethoven wrote it—that is enough”
Authors: Bailey Candace
Published: December 2021

In June 1873, the young women at the Augusta Female Seminary in western Virginia opened their Commencement Exercises with a performance of Beethoven’s Eroica Symphony on six pianos, two organs, and clarinet. The arrangement they used remains unknown but may have been an adaptation created by the music professor....
HANDLING TEMPORAL COMPLEXITY IN THE DESIGN OF NON-TRANSPORT SHIPS USING EPOCH-ERA ANALYSIS
Authors: Gaspar H M , Erikstad S O , Ross A M
Published: December 2021

The paper is very good, it makes us think that the “requirements of the owner” it is not so simple to achieve. The difficulty is the assembly of the various future scenarios and the care that must be taken in order to reduce the evaluated eras but not removing a likely to occur era.

Did the authors perform a sensitive analyses of the figure of merit to evaluate the effect of the increase of the weight of the short term epoch, where uncertainties are lower, on the resultant optimum ship? If the weight of the short term is very high, I believe the resultant vessel shall be the vessel with lower cost that fulfills the short term contracts. How to calibrate this number and get the appropriate result?
Planning the Design and Execution of Student Performance Assessment in Serious Games
Authors: Oliveira Rháleff N. R. , Rocha Rafaela V. , Goya Denise H.
Published: December 2021

Serious Games (SGs) are used to support knowledge acquisition and skill development. For this, there is a need to measure the results achieved (both during and after students play) to ensure the game effectiveness. In this context, the aim is to develop and evaluate the AvaliaJS, a conceptual model to structure, guide and support the planning of the design and execution of the student's performance assessment in SGs. AvaliaJS has two artifacts: a canvas model, for high-level planning, and an assessment project document, for more detailed specifications of the canvas. To analyze and exemplify the use of the model, the artifacts were applied to three ready-made games as a proof of concept. In addition, the quality of AvaliaJS was evaluated by experts in SGs development and assessment using a questionnaire. The results of experts' answers confirm a good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha α = 0.87) which indicates that AvaliaJS is correct, authentic, consistent, clear, unambiguous and flexible. However, the model will need to be validated during the process of creating a new game to ensure its usability and efficiency. In general, AvaliaJS can be used to support the team in the planning, documentation and development of artifacts and data collection in SGs, as well as in the execution of the assessment, learning measurement and constant and personalized feedback for students.
Malignant Melanoma Presenting as a Parotid Mass in a Middle-aged Woman with Metastasis to the Breast
Authors: Ameli Fereshteh , Ghasemi Dorsa , Soleimani Vahid , Jalaeefar Amirmohsen
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Malignant melanomas of the parotid gland are relatively uncommon and usually seen as metastases from cutaneous or mucous sites of the head and neck region. Some malignant melanomas may metastasize before they regress. Therefore, identifying the primary origin of metastatic melanoma is sometimes difficult. Furthermore, metastasis to the breast from an extramammary site is uncommon and challenging. It may present as a well-defined rounded mass that histopathologically mimics the various architecture and cellular phenotypes. In addition, the immunohistochemical stains of some metastatic melanomas are equivocal and challenging. Case Presentation: We presented a case of parotid gland malignant melanoma in a 42-year-old woman with metastasis to the breast in a short interval. Biopsy of parotid and breast lesions showed loss of immune-reactivity for several melanoma markers and was initially considered as malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor and primary breast tumor, respectively. Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of obtaining past clinical history in surgical pathology cases to make a correct diagnosis. It also enhances our understanding regarding malignant melanoma as a mysterious tumor with various morphology and immunophenotype.
Information Literacy and Instruction: Using Universal Design for Instruction to Make Library Instruction Accessible
Authors: Pionke JJ , Rutledge Lorelei
Published: December 2021

Accessibility is of fundamental importance in all classrooms, including the library classroom. In this article, two disability advocates in libraries, JJ Pionke and Lorelei Rutledge, discuss the importance of taking a universal design approach to library instruction. They argue that library instructors should have accessibility in mind at the beginning of the lesson planning process, rather than retrofitting lessons and activities to make them accessible. They also outline the key steps that every library instructor should take before walking into the classroom in order to make their instruction accessible to all learners.—Editor
Training, Support, and Connection for Student Library Employees in a Tiered Reference Service Model
Authors: Quigley Brian D. , Loo Jeffery L. , Ngo Lisa , Powell Susan , Teplitzky Samantha , Sackmann Anna , Rupp Kortney K.
Published: December 2021

Student employees at circulation desks are the first points of contact for many library users with research questions, but they are challenged to respond or refer when librarians are unavailable. In an attempt to cultivate student employees’ reference skills, confidence, and connection to the library’s values and mission, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Division of the UC Berkeley Library developed an outcomes-based training program consisting of an interactive session and a dynamic online reference manual. Student employees completed pre-training and post-training assessments of their reference skills and self-efficacy. Qualitative feedback was analyzed to identify ongoing challenges and intangible benefits for student employees engaged in reference work. Challenges observed include user expectations, infrequent questions, and the complex information landscape; benefits observed include community building and student growth. Implications of these challenges and benefits for student training programs are discussed.
NOTE SUL SUFISMO VISIVO: RAPPRESENTAZIONI GRAFICHE A SUPPORTO DELLA REALIZZAZIONE SPIRITUALE NEL TAṢAWWUF
Authors: Martini Giovanni Maria
Published: December 2021

Riassunto: Questo articolo raccoglie considerazioni di carattere introduttivo sul Sufismo visivo, ovvero sul vasto e complesso tema dell’utilizzo di rappresentazioni grafiche nella letteratura sufi, soffermandosi su un aspetto in particolare, ovvero su come questi diagrammi in molti casi siano stati concepiti dai maestri sufi che li idearono e dai loro fruitori come strumenti grafici a supporto della realizzazione spirituale; contemporaneamente esso si interroga, attraverso l’analisi dei testi, sulle ragioni che spinsero alcuni esponenti del Sufismo ad adottare questo particolare mezzo espressivo. Per far ciò sono stati presi in considerazione autori di epoche diverse, partendo da al-Ḥallāǧ (m. 309/922), passando per Ibn ʿArabī (m. 638/1240) -il cui impulso appare determinante nello sviluppo di questo fenómeno- proseguendo con alcuni eminenti esponenti della Scuola Akbariana quali Ḥaydar Āmulī (m. dopo il 787/1385) e Muḥammad Šīrīn Maġribī (m. 810/1408), per concludere con un maestro Naqšbandī contemporaneo di nome Abū l-Ḥasan Zayd Fārūqī (m. 1993). Questo excursus, sebbene breve e sommario, ripercorrendo più di mille anni consente di accertare la diffusione e la lunga fortuna del mezzo espressivo grafico nella storia del Taṣawwuf, il quale rimane ancora oggi poco conosciuto e che solo raramente viene avvertito come una delle tecniche spirituali proprie del Sufismo.

Abstract: This article provides introductory considerations on Visual Sufism, that is, on the vast and complex topic of the use of graphic representations in Sufi literature, focusing on one aspect in particular. That is about how these diagrams in many cases have been conceived by the Sufi masters who designed them and by their users as graphic tools to support spiritual realization. At the same time, through the analysis of the texts, it questions the reasons that led some Sufi thinkers to adopt this particular means of expression. In order to do so, authors of different periods have been taken into consideration, starting from al-Ḥallāǧ (d. 309/922), passing through Ibn ʿArabī (d. 638/1240) -whose impulse appears decisive in the development of this phenomenon -then continuing with some eminent exponents of the Akbarian School such as Ḥaydar Āmulī (d. after 787/1385) and Muḥammad Šīrīn Maġribī (d. 810/1408), concluding with a contemporary Naqšbandī master named Abū l-Ḥasan Zayd Fārūqī (d. 1993). This excursus, though brief and summary, by retracing more than a thousand years allows us to ascertain the diffusion and long fortune of the graphic means of expression in the history of Taṣawwuf, which remains little known even today and is only rarely perceived as one of the spiritual techniques proper to Sufism.
NAQŠBANDĪ E MALĀMATĪ: UNA QUESTIONE DI METODO
Authors: Giordani Demetrio
Published: December 2021

Riassunto: Tra le correnti più antiche della storia del Sufismo, i Malāmatiyya sono in particolare coloro che seguono “La Via del Biasimo” e che nel loro comportamento agiscono in modo da non lasciare nessuna traccia della propria attitudine spirituale tra la gente che li circonda. Secondo Abū ‘Abd al-Raḥmān Al-Sulamī essi erano un gruppo di asceti che vivevano nella città di Nīšāpūr alla fine del IX secolo: molti autori dicono che uno dei più importanti appartenenti a questa scuola fosse stato Bayazīd al-Bisṭāmī (m. 874). Nel XIII secolo i Ḫwājaġān, una corrente diffusa ampiamente nell’Asia centrale durante l’epoca del dominio dei mongoli Chagatay, praticavano una ritualità molto simile a quella dei Malāmatiyya di Nīšāpūr, basata sulla “menzione del Nome di Dio in segreto” (ḏikr-i ḫafī) e sulla “solitudine tra la folla” (ḫalwat dar anjoman). Due di questi Ḫwājaġān furono i maestri di Ḫwāja Bahā’uddīn Naqšband (m. 1389). I temi e la pratica della “Via del Biasimo” riappaiono nella tradizione naqšbandī e acquistano profondità e solidità dottrinale nell’opera di Šayḫ Aḥmad Sirhindī (m. 1625) il “Rinnovatore del secondo millennio” dell’Islām (muǧaddid-i alf-i ṯānī).

Abstract: Among the oldest currents in the history of Sufism, the Malāmatiyya are especially those who follow “The Path of Blame” and who in their behaviour act in such a way as to leave no trace of their spiritual attitude among the people around them. According to Abū ‘Abd al-Raḥmān Al-Sulamī, they were a group of ascetics who lived in the town of Nīšāpūr at the end of the 9th century: many authors say that one of the most important members of this school was Bayazīd al-Bisṭāmī (m. 874). In the 13th century the Ḫwājaġān, a current widespread in Central Asia during the era of the rule of the Chagatay Mongols, practiced a rituality very similar to that of the Malāmatiyya of Nīšāpūr, based on the “mention of the Name of God in secret” (ḏikr- i ḫafī) and on “solitude in the crowd” (ḫalwat dar anjoman). Two of these Ḫwājaġān were the masters of Ḫwāja Bahā’uddīn Naqšband (d. 1389). The themes and the practice of the “Way of Blame” reappear in the naqšbandī tradition and acquire doctrinal depth and solidity in the work of Šayḫ Aḥmad Sirhindī (d. 1625), the “Renewer of the Second Millennium” of Islam (muǧaddid-i alf-i ṯānī).
REGOLE E METODI DEL SUFISMO IN EPOCA POST-OTTOMANA:LOʿILMIḤĀLDI SHEJH ADEM NURI GJAKOVA
Authors: Bria Gianfranco
Published: December 2021

Riassunto: Questo articolo analizza il manuale sufi (ʿilmiḥāl) scritto da Shejh Adem Nuri Gjakova nel 1934, al fine di fornire uno sguardo d’insieme sulle regole e sui metodi di realizzazione spirituale più diffusi nel Sufismo balcanico post-ottomano. In questo manuale, infatti, è possibile riscontrare la presenza di un forte senso di reverenza verso ‘Alī e la Famiglia del Profeta, così come una forte impronta delle dottrine di Ibn al-ʿArabī. Entrambi sono due delle principali caratteristiche del Sufismo di area balcanica, la cui formazione è indissolubilmente legata alla storia religiosa e sociale dell’Impero Ottomano, in cui i confini confessionali prescindevano da una chiara demarcazione tra sciismo e sunnismo, così come è identificata in epoca contemporanea.

Abstract: This article analyses the catechist manual (ʿilmiḥāl) who was written by Shejh Adem Nuri Gjakova in 1934, to provide an overview about spiritual rules and methods widespread in post-Ottoman Balkan Sufism. In this manual, in fact, there are a strong reverence towards ‘Alī and the Prophet’s Family, as well as a strong imprint by Ibn al-ʿArabī’s doctrines; both are among the main characters of Balkan Sufism, whose formation is inextricably linked to the religious and social history of the Ottoman Empire, in which the confessional boundaries were much smoother than today.
La cultura material gay del tardofranquismo a través de la memoria oral de Serafín Fernández Rodríguez
Authors: Fernandez Galeano Javier
Published: December 2021

En este ensayo rastreo los iconos eróticos y prácticas corporales de los hombres gais durante el tardofranquismo y la transición. Para ello, iré desentrañando los significados superpuestos en el archivo fotográfico de Serafín Fernández Rodríguez, a través de su testimonio oral. Serafín es un activista gay, nacido en Madrid en 1944, cuya trayectoria se caracteriza por su voluntad de dejarse llevar por el deseo y participar en las corrientes culturales de vanguardia. A través de sus fotografías, podemos acercarnos a la intersección entre contexto político, culturas de consumo, e ideales estéticos de masculinidad. Entre los hitos significativos de esta trayectoria, nos detendremos en las chaquetas de cuero y pantalones ajustados de James Dean y Marlon Brando; los automóviles como espacio sexual y símbolo de poder adquisitivo; los músculos de Alfredo Alaria; la belleza “pegajosa” de Sara Montiel; los barbudos y hippies qué cuestionaron la masculinidad agresiva y el fetichismo del objeto; y la contracultura barcelonesa de la transición. De esta forma, el testimonio y el archivo personal de Serafín socavan la imagen estática de la “moralidad” de la sociedad española que el régimen franquista intentó proyectar.
El underground más castizo: transgresión y tradición en 'Anarcoma' de Nazario Luque
Authors: Naranjo Ruiz María Inmaculada
Published: December 2021

En el presente artículo se llevará a cabo una revisión del personaje de Anarcoma, protagonista del cómic homónimo firmado por Nazario Luque. Como figura poliédrica y heterogénea, se ahondará en la representación de Anarcoma como entidad queer, profundizando en su papel como transformista o travesti, en el vínculo entre el folklore, la cultura popular y Andalucía presentes en la obra y, finalmente, en la relación entre Anarcoma y el modelo de la detective hard boiled y la heroína de ciencia ficción. Este recorrido persigue redefinir la identidad de Anarcoma partiendo de su condición como figura esencialmente femenina. Mediante el análisis de las múltiples caras del personaje se ofrecerá una revisión de la dialéctica y las representaciones en torno a la figura de la mujer, poniendo en evidencia no solo la falta de correlatos reales de toda una simbología quimérica, sino también las fisuras existentes en la construcción de determinados relatos y tipos presentados como fijos e inamovibles, invitando a reflexionar en torno a cuestiones tan candentes y actuales como la construcción y destrucción del género, la identidad y la orientación sexual.
RESEÑA DE EUGENIO COSERIU: COMPETENCIA LINGÜÍSTICA Y CRITERIOS DE CORRECCIÓN. SEVILLA: EDITORIAL UNIVERSIDAD DE SEVILLA (2019), 114 PÁGINAS. ISBN: 978-84-472-2865-2
Authors: Llibrer Adrià Pardo
Published: December 2021

RESEÑA DE EUGENIO COSERIU: COMPETENCIA LINGÜÍSTICA Y CRITERIOS DE CORRECCIÓN. SEVILLA: EDITORIAL UNIVERSIDAD DE SEVILLA (2019), 114 PÁGINAS. ISBN: 978-84-472-2865-2
Light sets the brain’s daily clock by regional quickening and slowing of the molecular clockworks at dawn and dusk
Authors: Kim Suil , McMahon Douglas G
Published: December 2021

How daily clocks in the brain are set by light to local environmental time and encode the seasons is not fully understood. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is a central circadian clock in mammals that orchestrates physiology and behavior in tune with daily and seasonal light cycles. Here, we have found that optogenetically simulated light input to explanted mouse SCN changes the waveform of the molecular clockworks from sinusoids in free-running conditions to highly asymmetrical shapes with accelerated synthetic (rising) phases and extended degradative (falling) phases marking clock advances and delays at simulated dawn and dusk. Daily waveform changes arise under ex vivo entrainment to simulated winter and summer photoperiods, and to non-24 hr periods. Ex vivo SCN imaging further suggests that acute waveform shifts are greatest in the ventrolateral SCN, while period effects are greatest in the dorsomedial SCN. Thus, circadian entrainment is encoded by SCN clock gene waveform changes that arise from spatiotemporally distinct intrinsic responses within the SCN neural network.
Phylogenomic and mitogenomic data can accelerate inventorying of tropical beetles during the current biodiversity crisis
Authors: Motyka Michal , Kusy Dominik , Bocek Matej , Bilkova Renata , Bocak Ladislav
Published: December 2021

Conservation efforts must be evidence-based, so rapid and economically feasible methods should be used to quantify diversity and distribution patterns. We have attempted to overcome current impediments to the gathering of biodiversity data by using integrative phylogenomic and three mtDNA fragment analyses. As a model, we sequenced the Metriorrhynchini beetle fauna, sampled from ~700 localities in three continents. The species-rich dataset included ~6500 terminals, ~ 1850 putative species delimited at 5% uncorrected pairwise threshold, possibly ~1000 of them unknown to science. Neither type of data could alone answer our questions on biodiversity and phylogeny. The phylogenomic backbone enabled the integrative delimitation of robustly defined natural genus-group units that will inform future research. Using constrained mtDNA analysis, we identified the spatial structure of species diversity, very high species-level endemism, and a biodiversity hotspot in New Guinea. We suggest that focused field research and subsequent laboratory and bioinformatic workflow steps would substantially accelerate the inventorying of any hyperdiverse tropical group with several thousand species. The outcome would be a scaffold for the incorporation of further data from environmental sequencing and ecological studies. The database of sequences could set a benchmark for the spatiotemporal evaluation of biodiversity, would support evidence-based conservation planning, and would provide a robust framework for systematic, biogeographic, and evolutionary studies.
Building a community to engineer synthetic cells and organelles from the bottom-up
Authors: Staufer Oskar , De Lora Jacqueline A , Bailoni Eleonora , Bazrafshan Alisina , Benk Amelie S , Jahnke Kevin , Manzer Zachary A , Otrin Lado , Díez Pérez Telmo , Sharon Judee , Steinkühler Jan , Adamala Katarzyna P , Jacobson Bruna , Dogterom Marileen , Göpfrich Kerstin , Stefanovic Darko , Atlas Susan R , Grunze Michael , Lakin Matthew R , Shreve Andrew P , Spatz Joachim P , López Gabriel P
Published: December 2021

Employing concepts from physics, chemistry and bioengineering, 'learning-by-building' approaches are becoming increasingly popular in the life sciences, especially with researchers who are attempting to engineer cellular life from scratch. The SynCell2020/21 conference brought together researchers from different disciplines to highlight progress in this field, including areas where synthetic cells are having socioeconomic and technological impact. Conference participants also identified the challenges involved in designing, manipulating and creating synthetic cells with hierarchical organization and function. A key conclusion is the need to build an international and interdisciplinary research community through enhanced communication, resource-sharing, and educational initiatives.
Structure-guided glyco-engineering of ACE2 for improved potency as soluble SARS-CoV-2 decoy receptor
Authors: Capraz Tümay , Kienzl Nikolaus F , Laurent Elisabeth , Perthold Jan W , Föderl-Höbenreich Esther , Grünwald-Gruber Clemens , Maresch Daniel , Monteil Vanessa , Niederhöfer Janine , Wirnsberger Gerald , Mirazimi Ali , Zatloukal Kurt , Mach Lukas , Penninger Josef M , Oostenbrink Chris , Stadlmann Johannes
Published: December 2021

Infection and viral entry of SARS-CoV-2 crucially depends on the binding of its Spike protein to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) presented on host cells. Glycosylation of both proteins is critical for this interaction. Recombinant soluble human ACE2 can neutralize SARS-CoV-2 and is currently undergoing clinical tests for the treatment of COVID-19. We used 3D structural models and molecular dynamics simulations to define the ACE2 N-glycans that critically influence Spike-ACE2 complex formation. Engineering of ACE2 N-glycosylation by site-directed mutagenesis or glycosidase treatment resulted in enhanced binding affinities and improved virus neutralization without notable deleterious effects on the structural stability and catalytic activity of the protein. Importantly, simultaneous removal of all accessible N-glycans from recombinant soluble human ACE2 yields a superior SARS-CoV-2 decoy receptor with promise as effective treatment for COVID-19 patients.
The decrotonylase FoSir5 facilitates mitochondrial metabolic state switching in conidial germination of Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: Zhang Ning , Song Limin , Xu Yang , Pei Xueyuan , Luisi Ben F , Liang Wenxing
Published: December 2021

Fusarium oxysporum is one of the most important pathogenic fungi with a broad range of plant and animal hosts. The first key step of its infection cycle is conidial germination, but there is limited information available on the molecular events supporting this process. We show here that germination is accompanied by a sharp decrease in expression of FoSir5, an ortholog of the human lysine deacetylase SIRT5. We observe that FoSir5 decrotonylates a subunit of the fungal pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (FoDLAT) at K148, resulting in inhibition of the activity of the complex in mitochondria. Moreover, FoSir5 decrotonylates histone H3K18, leading to a downregulation of transcripts encoding enzymes of aerobic respiration pathways. Thus, the activity of FoSir5 coordinates regulation in different organelles to steer metabolic flux through respiration. As ATP content is positively related to fungal germination, we propose that FoSir5 negatively modulates conidial germination in F. oxysporum through its metabolic impact. These findings provide insights into the multifaceted roles of decrotonylation, catalyzed by FoSir5, that support conidial germination in F. oxysporum.
Lake Managment in the Piebalga Region: Climate, Nature and Culture from the 1890s to Now
Authors:   University of Latvia, Konkovs Karlis Aleksandrs
Published: December 2021

There are many regions in Latvia with a long history and beautiful landscapes. However, of all the regions, the most beautiful landscapes and the richest culture are in the Piebalga region. Piebalga is located in the Vidzeme highlands, where the longest domestic river in Latvia, the Gauja, has its source. There are several counties in the Piebalga region, the most famous of which is Vecpiebalga, where two of the first Latvian writers were born, the Kaudzītes brothers, who are well-known for their novel The Surveyors’ Time, one of the first books written by Latvians. In this study, the culture, religion and environmental management practices of Piebalga during the 19th century were studied using an extensive analysis of historical literature about the region, and compared to Piebalga in the present, which was studied using case study research. During the research it was discovered that the main influences on Piebalga culture and environmental management practices have been the Hernhutian congregations who influences had shaped the local culture and continues to do so even after being effectively disbanded. It was also discovered that the municipalities in the region are less effective at monitoring lakes than they were during the 19th century due to lacking resources.
Masquerade Games in the Pernik Region of Bulgaria: Preserving and Promoting Intangible Cultural Heritage
Authors:   Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Studies with Ethnographic Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Studies with Ethnographic Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Lyubenova Milena
Published: December 2021

The focus of this text is the masquerade tradition in central-west Bulgaria and activities related to its safeguarding and promotion. The essence of the survakar games in the Pernik Region is described, as well as its significance in traditional culture and its contemporary manifestations. The games with masks in the region are performed on the Surva feast day (14 January; also St. Basil’s Day according to the Julian calendar). The text notes the importance of the custom in the local community’s traditional culture. The main characters in the survakar groups, which are typical of both the past and the present, are presented, as are some new phenomena related to the feast. The tendencies in the context of the dynamics and events of the twentieth century are outlined, thanks to which the masquerade tradition has maintained its vitality until the present day. Some processes that have threatened the vitality of these masquerade games in the past are considered. Various local activities related to the safeguarding of the tradition are presented. The role of the community is important for the transmission of cultural practice to future generations, as is the role of local cultural institutions and organizations in preserving the tradition. Some ways of popularizing the local heritage and the joint work of the main actors engaged in safeguarding the region’s intangible cultural heritage today are emphasized.