bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Kumar Parthasarathy Arun , A. Chougale Roma
Published: December 2021

Staphylococcus is an adaptable pathogen and leads to rapid development of antibiotic resistance. The major targets for antibiotics are (i) the cell wall, (ii) the ribosome and (iii) nucleic acids. Resistance can either develop intrinsically or extrinsically via horizontal gene transfer, drug site modification, and efflux pumps etc. This review focuses on development of resistance to currently used antibiotics in Staphylococcal infection, novel therapeutic approaches resistance pattern of antibiotics and also the future prospectus for new antibiotics usage.
Social Innovation in the Academic Curricula of Chemical Science Degrees in South Africa
Authors: Mohlala Pheladi Junior , Msimango-Galawe Jabulile
Published: December 2021

Social innovation is growing internationally and is a focus area for sub-Saharan Africa. While studies have been conducted on the factors thatcontribute to the failure to incorporate social innovation in academic curricula,there is a paucity of such research in the South African context, especially inrelation to university curricula. This qualitative study explored chemicalscientists’ perceptions on the interventions required to introduce socialinnovation to the academic curricula of the chemical science degree inSouth African universities. Semi-structured interviews were conductedwith 14 chemical scientists and the data was analysed using thematicanalysis. The key findings included the overall lack of awareness andunderstanding of social innovation and the social challenges confrontingSouth Africa. These factors hamper the development of sustainableacademic curricula, effective community engagement and societal change.Furthermore, academic institutions’ reluctance to embrace change is causefor concern.

Key words: Social innovation, chemical sciences, academic curriculum,South African universities
Molecular docking analysis of two bioactive molecules KLUF10 and KLUF13 isolated from the marine bacteria Micrococcus sp. OUS9 with TNF alpha
Authors:   Osmania University, Department of microbiology, Hyderabad, India, Kumari Shanthi
Published: December 2021

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is known to be linked with tumor. Therefore, it is of interest to document the Molecular docking analysis of two bioactive molecules KLUF10 and KLUF13 isolated from the marine bacteria Micrococcus sp. OUS9 with TNF alpha. We report the molecular interactions of KLUF10 and KLUF13 with TNF alpha.
Molecular docking analysis of CDK-1 inhibitors from Chrysophyllum cainito leaves
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, Rathnavel Subramaniam College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore - 641402, India, Antony Prabhu Yesudass
Published: December 2021

It is of interest to document the molecular docking analysis of Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK-1) inhibitors from Chrysophyllum cainito leaves towards the treatment of tumors using the known structure of PDB ID: 5HQ0. Data shows that molecules such as 8- (Dimethylamino)-7-(3-(4-ethylphenoxy)-2d, ethyl 6-oxo-5-propylheptanoate, 2,3-dihydro-3, 5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4h-pyran-4-one, 1,2,3- benzenetriol and 1,4-benzenediol 2,5-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl) identified in methanolic extract of C. cainito have binding features with CDK1 for further consideration.
Data on self-medication among healthcare students at Najran University, KSA
Authors:   Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, KSA, Khan Siraj DAA
Published: December 2021

The prevalence of self-medication (SM) has increased in health professionals due to awareness of disease and symptoms. Incorrect use of medication caused harmful effects. To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of health professionals, this survey was conducted. A cross-sectional study was carried out among health professionals of different specialities. Knowledge, attitude and practice-based questions were asked through an electronically distributed questionnaire. Data were statistically tested using the Chi-square test with SPSS. Most of the health professionals were aware with the term of self-medication; however the knowledge about related questions was not satisfactory. Almost half of the participants practiced self-medication. The prevalence of self-medication among participants was high. They need to be trained and educate about the incorrect use of self-medication.
Organizational Cost and Complexity Saving Opportunities via the Development, Deployment, and Implementation of Blockchain Networks
Authors: Pisano Mark , Bassett Richard
Published: December 2021

Blockchain is being promoted as the platform to disrupt business as usual in many transaction-heavy sectors. Questions remain about the future standards of blockchain, their feature set, functionality, and the willingness of organisations to disrupt their existing revenue streams via blockchain. The most significant near-term promise that affords industry is the cost and complexity savings via the standardization of their technology infrastructure stacks. This paper explores the benefits available of reduced costs and complexity via the adoption of blockchain.
THE INFLUENCE OF BIO-BASED CHAIN EXTENDER ON THE POLYURETHANE PROPERTIES
Authors: Mićić Vladan , Jokić Milojko , Jotanović Milovan , Ristić Ivan , Cakić Suzana , Erceg Tamara , Budinski Simendić Jaroslava
Published: December 2021

The development of polymers obtained from renewable raw materials is important because it is known that the fossil sources will be depleted in the future. Due to this fact, the possibilities for the synthesis of polyurethanes based on renewable resources increases. This work analyzes the properties of polyurethane materials obtained from the renewable resources. Polyurethane elastomers were prepared by a two stage process in solution, which involved the synthesis of the pre-polymer and synthesis of the polyurethane elastomer. As a polyol component, poly (propylene glycol) was used. Isophorone-diisocyanate and hexamethylene diisocyanate were employed as isocyanate components. For some samples, petrochemically obtained chain extender, butanediol, was replaced by biobased product isosorbide. Characterization of polyurethane materials was carried out by infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transformation, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The properties of synthesized polyurethane materials were improved by adding the nanoparticles in various proportions.
STRESS DEGRADATION OF LISINOPRIL DIHYDRATE IN DIFFERENT AQUEOUS MEDIA
Authors: Kasagić Vujanović Irena , Knežević Darija , Vukičević Nina
Published: December 2021

Lisinopril is an antihypertensive drug from the ACE inhibitor group. It is often used in practice and, in oral administration is characterized by very low percentage of resorption (~25%). Therefore, it is important to ensure the stability of this drug, since any degradation leads to a decrease in the percentage of resorption and an increased risk of sub-dosage of patients. In accordance with modern trends of pharmaceutical analysis, the chemical stability of lisinopril under the influence of various aqueous media was tested: distilled water, 0.1M HCl, 0.1M and 0.01M NaOH and 3% hydrogen peroxide solution. In order to clearly define the effect of elevated temperature on the stability of this drug, tests were carried out at 25 °C and 50 °C. High-pressure liquid chromatography was used as the method for stability testing. The obtained results clearly define that lisinopril is the most sensitive to hydrolysis in the base environment, where at 25 °C, in the first minute, it degrades ~100%. In this paper, kinetic parameters (degradation constant rate, half-life of degradation, order kinetics, and activation energy) were also determined, which enabled clear definition of the stability and identification of degradation products of lisinopril under the influence of various stress agents. In the degradation of lisinopril in neutral and acidic medium, impurity D is identified as the main degradation product.
TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE PHOTOVOLTAIC ELECTRICITY IN BULGARIA
Authors: Yovchev Milko , Tsankov Plamen
Published: December 2021

The paper presents technical and economic data on the development of photovoltaic electricity in Bulgaria over the last 10 years. The mix of different types of conventional and renewable energy sources in the country's electricity system is shown. The changes in the installed photovoltaic capacities and the price of electricity generated by them for the studied period are shown in tabular and graphical form. The number of photovoltaic power plants and their distribution by groups of individual powers are given. Brief technical and economic data for some of the largest photovoltaic power plants in Bulgaria are provided. Data analysis shows a short period of rapid development of highcapacity photovoltaic power plants construction after the introduction of high feed-in tariff for the purchase of photovoltaic electricity, as well as the influence of the installed photovoltaic capacities on the market change of the feed-in tariff over time. Feed-in tariff cost decreases remarkably with the increase of the installed photovoltaic capacity and even shows removal tendency for larger-capacity photovoltaic power plants. Examples of the economic profitability of grid-connected and autonomous photovoltaic systems in Bulgaria are given. The analysis and conclusions of the paper could be useful in determining new government policies and setting new market conditions to promote the development of renewable energy sources in Bulgaria and other countries.
THERMAL ANALYSIS OF FOOD PRODUCTS USING DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY (DSC)
Authors: Grujić Radoslav , Savanović Danica
Published: December 2021

Intensity of changes during the freezing storage of frozen foods, depends on several factors. Changes of foods during freezing and thawing can be rapidly determined by scanning calorimetry (DSC). The aim of this study was to test the influence of scanning rate on the thermal properties of previously heat-treated food products (boiled apple), using the differential scanning calorimetry method. By increasing the scanning rate, significant changes (p0.05) Tcon from -14,20 °C (rate 5 °C/min) to -15.57 °C (rate 15 °C/min) and Tcend (from -17.53 °C to -22.90 °C) were determined, and ΔTc increased from 3.33 °C to 7.33 °C. At the same time, the width of the melting temperature interval (ΔTm) increased from 7.80 °C to 12.87 °C. The glass transition temperature (Tgmid) ranged from -7.15 °C (rate 5 °C/min) to -6.60 °C (rate 15 °C/min). Based on the obtained results, it was found that the scanning rate during the DSC determination statistically significantly (p0.05) influenced the measured values of the thermal properties of the tested heat-treated apple samples.
DIURNAL AND SPATIAL VARIATIONS OF RADON CONCENTRATION AND ITS INFLUENCE ON IONIZATION OF AIR
Authors: Stojanovska Zdenka , Kolarž Predrag , Ćurguz Zoran , Žunić Zora S.
Published: December 2021

The most abundant and efficient source of air ionization in the lower layer of the atmosphere is radon. As an alpha emitter, radon plays a crucial role in the earth's atmospheric electricity. Besides the physical, radon and ions have a significant biological role concerning human health: radon is a health hazard while the ions are beneficial ingredients of the air we breathe. In this study, we examined the dynamics of radon and air ions diurnal change in houses with different floor and windows insulations. Measurements were made using continual radon monitor Rad-7 and air ion counter CDI-06. Diurnal and spatial variations of both atmospheric constituents are mutually related and dependent mostly on radon exhalation potential, meteorological parameters, aerosol concentration and formation of the temperature inversion layer. Indoor concentrations are related to the potential for accumulation of radon that is coming from the ground beneath the foundation and also influenced by external radon concentration that is diffusing through the walls, doors, and windows. Level of diffusion is depending on insulation. The difference in the paths by which radon enters the home can be seen by analyzing changes during diurnal continuous measurements.
MEASUREMENT OF RADON ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION IN BUILDING MATERIALS USED IN BOSNIA AND HERCEGOVINA
Authors: Sinanović Ema , Adrović Feriz , Kasumović Amira , Kasić Amela
Published: December 2021

Man is continuously exposed to ionizing radiation because of the presence of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in the environment. Various technological processes of processing and using of materials that contain natural radionuclides generate materials of enhanced natural radioactivity (TENORM). The largest contribution to irradiance with natural sources of ionizing radiation is the exposure of the population to indoor radon. This gas originates from the radioactive decay of 226Ra and 224Ra that are present in the soil under houses and building materials. Depending on the type of building materials, indoor exposure to radon at dwellings and workplaces can be over a thousand times greater than in outdoor space. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, no valid and comprehensive radiological studies on the building materials have been performed that would guarantee for their dosimetric safety use for installation in residential and industrial buildings, highways, as well as their application for other purposes. The quantification of the radon levels that comes from building materials is a necessary and very important part of the global protection of the population from ionizing radiation. This paper presents the first results of a study on the radon activity concentrations in building materials used in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Measurements were performedwith a professional Alpha GUARD system. The mean values of the activity concentration of the exhaled radon of investigated building materials varied from 10 Bqm-3 to 101 Bqm-3, radon exhalation rate values ranged from 77.0 mBqm-2h-1 to 777.7 mBqm-2h-1. Gamma dose rate was in the range 57–112 nSv h−1.
RADON IN THE WATER
Authors: Vulinović Jelena , Vuković Srđan , Pelemiš Svetlana , Rajić Danijela
Published: December 2021

Man and his environment are constantly exposed to the effects of ionizing radiation. Most of this radiation comes from natural and artificial radionuclides and the biggest radioecological problem is the 222Rn radioactive gas. Natural radioactivity comes from unstable radioisotopes that were present during the formation of the Earth, and are present today. According to the research by UNSCEAR(United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation) it is estimated that the radiation dose, which comes from natural radionuclides and to which man is exposed, is 2.4 mSv per year. Natural sources of radioactivity are cosmic radiation and Earth’s crust that contains primordial radioactive elements including those that are sources of radon (uranium). Radon is a natural inert radioactive gas without smell and taste. It is soluble in water and can easily diffuse with the gaseous and aqueous phase and in this way forms significant concentrations. The techniques and methods most commonly used to detect and determine the activities of radon in water are alpha spectrometry, gamma spectrometry and measurement techniques on a liquid scintillation detector. Throughout epidemiological studies, the World Health Organization has provided convincing evidence of the correlation of exposure to indoor radon and the development of lung cancer. Radon and its decomposition products are considered to be the second cause of lung cancer after consuming tobacco.
The Owadów-Brzezinki geoeducation area at Sławno
Authors: Błażejowski Błażej , Wierzbowski Andrzej
Published: December 2021

The geoeducation area (called also “Owadów-Brzezinki Geopark”) located in the north-western margin of the Holy Cross Mountains (Tomaszów Syncline) at Sławno community (Łódź Voivodeship), was established in June 2019, in close vicinity of the Owadów-Brzezinki quarry. This locality is one of the most important palaeontological sites described recently in Poland. The area consists of the exhibition pavilion, educational routs and panoramic viewing platform, which is located along the edge of the quarry. The palaeontological exhibition shows the unique Late Jurassic fossils of marine and terrestrial organisms, many of them new to science, that have been excavated in the quarry during the last eight years. Among the most important fossils are: ammonites, lobster-like decapod crustaceans, horseshoe crabs, actinopterygian fish, a cryptodiran turtle, ichthyosaurs, as well as a small terrestrial  crocodyliform, pterosaurs and insects. In addition to the original fossils, the exhibition presents life-size reconstructions of animals, that inhabited the local seas and islands during the Late Jurassic. The palaeontological sites of Owadów-Brzezinki is referred to as a new “taphonomic window” of the Late Jurassic, providing insights about the evolution of life on Earth in the palaeogeographical and palaeoenvironmental context.
Frequent, quantitative bone planar scintigraphy for determination of bone anabolism in growing mice
Authors: Zaloszyc Ariane , Schmitt Claus Peter , Sayeh Amira , Higel Laetitia , Gros Catherine-Isabelle , Bornert Fabien , Aubertin-Kirch Gaëlle , Dillenseger Jean-Philippe , Goetz Christian , Constantinesco André , Fischbach Michel , Bahram Seiamak , Choquet Philippe
Published: December 2021

Background

To provide insight into bone turnover, quantitative measurements of bone remodeling are required. Radionuclide studies are widely used in clinical care, but have been rarely used in the exploration of the bone in preclinical studies. We describe a bone planar scintigraphy method for frequent assessment of bone activity in mice across the growing period. Since repeated venous radiotracer injections are hardly feasible in mice, we investigated the subcutaneous route.

Methods

Repeated 99mTc-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HMDP) tracer bone planar scintigraphy studies of the knee region and µCT to measure femur growth rate were performed in eight mice between week 6 and week 27 of life, i.e., during their growth period. Three independent investigators assessed the regions of interest (ROI). An index was calculated based on the counts in knees ROI (normalized by pixels and seconds), corrected for the activity administered, the decay between administration and imaging, and individual weights.

Results

A total of 93 scintigraphy studies and 85 µCT were performed. Repeated subcutaneous tracer injections were well tolerated and allowed for adequate radionuclide studies. Mean scintigraphic indexes in the knees ROI decreased from 87.4 ± 2.6 × 10−6 counts s−1 pixel−1 MBq−1 g−1 at week 6 to 15.0 ± 3.3 × 10−6 counts s−1 pixel−1 MBq−1 g−1 at week 27. The time constant of the fitted exponential decay was equal to 23.5 days. As control mean femur length assessed by µCT increased from 12.2 ± 0.8 mm at week 6 to 15.8 ± 0.2 mm at week 22. The time constant of the fitted Gompertz law was equal to 26.7 days. A correlation index of −0.97 was found between femur growth and decrease of bone tracer activity count between week 6 and 24.

Conclusion

This methodological study demonstrates the potential of repeated bone planar scintigraphy in growing mice, with subcutaneous route for tracer administration, for quantitative assessment of bone remodeling.
Development and validation of a nomogram risk prediction model for malignancy in dermatomyositis patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhong Jiaojiao , He Yunan , Ma Jianchi , Lu Siyao , Wu Yushi , Zhang Junmin
Published: December 2021

Background

Dermatomyositis accompanied with malignancy is a common poor prognostic factor of dermatomyositis. Thus, the early prediction of the risk of malignancy in patients with dermatomyositis can significantly improve the prognosis of patients. However, the identification of antibodies related to malignancy in dermatomyositis patients has not been widely implemented in clinical practice. Herein, we established a predictive nomogram model for the diagnosis of dermatomyositis associated with malignancy.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 240 cases of dermatomyositis patients admitted to Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University from January 2002 to December 2019. According to the year of admission, the first 70% of the patients were used to establish a training cohort, and the remaining 30% were assigned to the validation cohort. Univariate analysis was performed on all variables, and statistically relevant variables were further included in a multivariate logistic regression analysis to screen for independent predictors. Finally, a nomogram was constructed based on these independent predictors. Bootstrap repeated sampling calculation C-index was used to evaluate the model’s calibration, and area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the model discrimination ability.

Results

Multivariate logistic analysis showed that patients older than 50-year-old, dysphagia, refractory itching, and elevated creatine kinase were independent risk factors for dermatomyositis associated with malignancy, while interstitial lung disease was a protective factor. Based on this, we constructed a nomogram using the above-mentioned five factors. The C-index was 0.780 (95% CI [0.690–0.870]) in the training cohort and 0.756 (95% CI [0.618–0.893]) in the validation cohort, while the AUC value was 0.756 (95% CI [0.600–0.833]). Taken together, our nomogram showed good calibration and was effective in predicting which dermatomyositis patients were at a higher risk of developing malignant tumors.
A Framework for Implementing Micro Frontend Architecture
Authors: Wanjala Sylvester Timona
Published: December 2021

Web applications are an indispensable part of any enterprise information system. In the recent past, we have seen maturity in technologies that enable the separation of frontend and backend, with the backend adopting microservices architecture style. The front end has maintained the traditional monolithic architecture. Micro frontends have come up as a solution to the conventional monolithic frontend, which has received much attention. Still, so far, there is no straightforward approach to implementation that satisfies different practical requirements of a modern web application. This paper proposes an architectural pattern for implementing micro frontends to address challenges experienced in earlier implementations, such as inconsistent user experience, managing security, and complexity. We developed two simple web applications, one using the proposed architectural pattern, and another using the monolithic architecture and compared the performance. We used Google lighthouse to measure the performance of two applications. The landing page for the application developed using micro frontend architecture showed a higher performance score of 99 against 86 for a similar page in an application developed using the monolithic architecture. The proposed framework showed outstanding performance in handling the issues of consistent layout with a Cumulative Layout shift of 0. Breaking down the frontend with lazy loading of micro frontends improved the web application's performance, while the proposed framework reduced development complexity. However, more research is needed to provide seamless integration of micro frontends into the main application with the support of loading shared libraries in the main application; this will significantly reduce the payload size.
Az élelmiszeripari kapacitások helyzete Magyarországon, 2017
Authors: Bábáné Demeter Edit , Boldog Valéria , Ehretné Berczi Ildikó , Fekete Géza , Csoltai Veronika , Kiss Gabriella , Marosán Ágnes , Medináné Lázár Virgilia
Published: December 2021

Megnövekedett az igény a kormányzat részéről a hazai élelmiszeripar kapacitásainak ismeretére a megváltozott finanszírozási, pályázati környezet miatt, így a NAIK Agrárgazdasági Kutatóintézet (NAIK AKI) felvállalta a kapacitásfelvétel lebonyolítását 2018-ban is. A kiadvány célja, hogy átfogó képet nyújtson a magyarországi élelmiszeripar kapacitásainak nagyságáról és azok kihasználtságáról 2017-re vonatkozóan. Az adatgyűjtés megvalósulását a hatályos statisztikai törvény és a kapcsolódó Országos Statisztikai Adatfelvételi Program (OSAP) rendelet tette lehetővé, amivel kötelezővé vált az élelmiszer, ital- és dohánytermékek gyártásával foglalkozó kijelölt szervezetek számára a statisztikai adatszolgáltatás.
Oil droplets dispersion under a deep-water plunging breaker: Experimental measurements and numerical modeling
Authors: Cui Fangda , Daskiran Cosan , Zhao Lin , Boufadel Michel C. , Robinson Brian , King Thomas , Lee Kenneth
Published: December 2021

Abstract (1141370)

Wave tank experiments were performed to measure the droplets size distribution under the plunging breaking wave. A deep-water plunging breaker of height 20 cm was generated using the dispersive focusing method, and a shadowgraph camera was used to take images of droplets and bubbles of different sizes. For droplets smaller than the 1000 microns, the number-based DSD matched the DS correlation (Delvigne and Sweeney 1988), which gives N(d) ~ d−2.3, but N(d) ~ d−9.7 for diameters larger than 1000 microns. A numerical method was designed to study the oil dispersion under breaking waves by coupling the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) with the Lagrangian particle tracking code (NEMO3D) and population balance model (VDROP). The wave hydrodynamics was reproduced using the Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes approach within a commercial CFD code ANSYS Fluent. The obtained wave hydrodynamics was then used as inputs for the NEM3D code and VDROP model. The numerical results show reasonable agreement with our experimental observation. The approach adopted to produce the DSD reduces the empiricism of the DS correlation, as the approach uses oil properties and measurable wave properties. The proposed numerical method was ready to be used in other scenarios of oil spills (i.e., oil jets in deep oceans and oil dispersion in riverine systems). It could also be potentially used in large scale forecast and hindcast simulations for oil spill response and research.
From the deep ocean to the coasts and estuaries through the shelf: linking coastal response to a deep blow-out
Authors: Kourafalou Vassiliki , Justic Dubravko , Androulidakis Yannis , Bracco Annalisa
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT # 685087

As a marginal sea connected to neighboring basins through straits, the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) is dynamically and topographically complex. Physical processes are strongly influenced by the interaction of circulation in the GoM deep basin interior and in the surrounding shelf areas of diverse morphologies that include deltas, estuaries, barrier islands and marshes. This was particularly evident during the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DwH) incident, a deep blow-out close to the Northern GoM shelves, over an area strongly affected by the brackish river plume originated from the Mississippi River Delta. The specific physical conditions are revisited, to illustrate the synergy between the evolution of the Loop Current – Florida Current system and the rapidly changing shelf and coastal currents under the influence of river runoff and winds. Each of these physical factors had been studied prior to the DwH incident, but their combined effects on hydrocarbon pathways were not known.

Examples are given on what has been learned through research under the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI) in the last 10 years. The focus is on transport processes in the GoM along the ocean continuum from the deep basin interior to the coastal and wetland areas, and their relevance for oil transport and fate. Post-DwH studies have advanced regarding methodologies and tools. These include multi-platform observations and data analyses, in tandem with high-resolution, data assimilative models for past simulations and predictions.

Important new findings include the connectivity between remote coastal regions, as deep oceanic currents can facilitate the cross-marginal transport of materials not only locally, but regionally. This creates a broader and more challenging view for the management of coastal marine resources that should be integrated for preparedness and response. Two examples are presented on connectivity processes. First, advances in the understanding of transport rates and pathways from the Mississippi Delta to the Florida Keys. Second, new findings on how coastal circulation near Cuba influences the evolution of the Loop Current system and the oil fate from a potential oil spill in Cuban waters.

The synthesis of the above findings aims to demonstrate how knowledge acquired during GoMRI can advise future planning of scientific research to aid preparedness and response not only for the GoM, but for many offshore areas of oil exploration. The goal is to advance the understanding and predictability of oil slick trajectories over pathways from the deep to the coastal environment and vice versa.
Tissue‐Engineered Bone Functionalized with MoS2 Nanosheets for Enhanced Repair of Critical‐Size Bone Defect in Rats
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhang Boyou , Zheng Zefeng , Cai Qingyun , Wang Jingcheng , Shu Qiang , Wang Lijia
Published: December 2021

Tissue‐engineered bones have therapeutic potential for critical‐size bone defects; however, the production of high quantities of the tissue‐engineered bones with osteo‐induction ability remains a huge challenge. Hyperthermia has been shown to up‐regulate the expression of osteogenesis‐related proteins to efficiently to promote bone regeneration. In this study, the authors develop a novel photothermal tissueengineered bone (PTEB) with osteo‐induction ability and a biomimetic cellular environment. PTEB is generated by seeding rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMMSCs) in the photothermal MoS2‐biotin‐garose‐gelatin scaffold, and then overlaying the scaffold using osteo‐induction extracellular matrix (OiECM). The rBMMSCs act as seeding cells, while OiECM provide a biomimetic microenvironment for repairing critical‐sized cranial defects in rats. The results show that the PTEB exhibit high biocompatibility and osteo‐induction ability under near‐infrared (NIR) radiation. Results of in vitro experiments show that PTEB under NIR radiation promote proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rBMMSCs. Furthermore, the PTEB implantation under NIR radiation significantly induces regeneration of bone in critical‐size bone defects in rats 12 weeks after implantation. These findings indicate that PTEB has great potential in regenerative medicine and may represent an effective replacement for autografts used commonly in bone tissue engineering.
Arming Immune Cell Therapeutics with Polymeric Prodrugs
Authors: López Ciana L. , Brempelis Katherine J. , Matthaei James F. , Montgomery Kate S. , Srinivasan Selvi , Roy Debashish , Huang Fei , Kreuser Shannon A. , Gardell Jennifer L. , Blumenthal Ian , Chiefari John , Jensen Michael C. , Crane Courtney A. , Stayton Patrick S.
Published: December 2021

Engineered immune cells are an exciting therapeutic modality, which survey and attack tumors. Backpacking strategies exploit cell targeting capabilities for delivery of drugs to combat tumors and their immune‐suppressive environments. Here, a new platform for arming cell therapeutics through dual receptor and polymeric prodrug engineering is developed. Macrophage and T cell therapeutics are engineered to express a bioorthogonal single chain variable fragment receptor. The receptor binds a fluorescein ligand that directs cell loading with ligand‐tagged polymeric prodrugs, termed “drugamers.” The fluorescein ligand facilitates stable binding of drugamer to engineered macrophages over 10 days with 80% surface retention. Drugamers also incorporate prodrug monomers of the phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase inhibitor, PI‐103. The extended release of PI‐103 from the drugamer sustains antiproliferative activity against a glioblastoma cell line compared to the parent drug. The versatility and modularity of this cell arming system is demonstrated by loading T cells with a second fluorescein‐drugamer. This drugamer incorporates a small molecule estrogen analog, CMP8, which stabilizes a degron‐tagged transgene to provide temporal regulation of protein activity in engineered T cells. These results demonstrate that this bioorthogonal receptor and drugamer system can be used to arm multiple immune cell classes with both antitumor and transgene‐activating small molecule prodrugs.
Coherence Between Different Propagating Surface Plasmon Polariton Modes Excited by Quantum Mechanical Tunnel Junctions
Authors: Radulescu Andreea , Kalathingal Vijith , Wang Zhe , Nijhuis Christian A.
Published: December 2021

Coherence between different surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes excited by inelastically tunneling electrons in biased metal–insulator–metal tunnel junctions (MIM‐TJs) is demonstrated. By employing a dedicated SPP stripe waveguide with MIM‐TJ, an effective double‐slit configuration similar to the Young's experiment is realized for an electrically biased SPP source. The spatial correlation between different SPP modes originates from a single inelastic tunneling event and leads to strong interference in the far‐field, observed as alternate bright and dark fringes in the Fourier plane. The measured fringe‐spacing inversely follows the stripe waveguide length, with upper limit dictated by the SPP propagation length, confirming the SPP mediated spatial correlation. Finite difference time domain simulations support the experimental findings. Also, the experimental and simulation results unambiguously demonstrate the two‐step plasmonic decay process in plasmonic MIM‐TJs. The results presented here provide a simple and robust demonstration of the inherent coherence existing between different decay channels (plasmons and photons) of the inelastically tunneling electrons and can be exploited for plasmonic applications with tailored spatial coherence with implications in plasmon amplification and quantum information processing.
Digitalization of Battery Manufacturing: Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Ayerbe Elixabete , Berecibar Maitane , Clark Simon , Franco Alejandro A. , Ruhland Janna
Published: December 2021

As the world races to respond to the diverse and expanding demands for electrochemical energy storage solutions, lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) remain the most advanced technology in the battery ecosystem. Even as unprecedented demand for state‐of‐the‐art batteries drives gigascale production around the world, there are increasing calls for next‐generation batteries that are safer, more affordable, and energy‐dense. These trends motivate the intense pursuit of battery manufacturing processes that are cost effective, scalable, and sustainable. The digital transformation of battery manufacturing plants can help meet these needs. This review provides a detailed discussion of the current and near‐term developments for the digitalization of the battery cell manufacturing chain and presents future perspectives in this field. Current modelling approaches are reviewed, and a discussion is presented on how these elements can be combined with data acquisition instruments and communication protocols in a framework for building a digital twin of the battery manufacturing chain. The challenges and emerging techniques provided here is expected to give scientists and engineers from both industry and academia a guide toward more intelligent and interconnected battery manufacturing processes in the future.
Kirigami‐Based Stretchable, Deformable, Ultralight Thin‐Film Thermoelectric Generator for BodyNET Application
Authors: Guo Zhanpeng , Yu Yuedong , Zhu Wei , Zhang Qingqing , Liu Yutong , Zhou Jie , Wang Yaling , Xing Jian , Deng Yuan
Published: December 2021

Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) as potential power supply have great prospects for wearable application. Nevertheless, difficulties in realizing deformability, ultralight weight, and high power density of TEGs at the same time has strongly frustrated their commercial applications to date. Herein, inspired by the art of kirigami, an innovative design to construct stretchable, deformable, ultralight 3D thin‐film TEG from a 2D structure by introducing rational kirigami cuts is proposed. Meanwhile, high‐performance inorganic thermoelectric films are compatibly introduced to the TEG without property degradation. In addition, the vertical heat flow is easily realized in the planar thin‐film TEG, which is beneficial for the establishment of large temperature differences. The fabricated ultralight kirigami‐based TEG (only 29 mg in weight), without an additional heat sink demonstrates the highest open voltage density of 6.712 V g−1 with a maximum power density of 255.395 µW g−1 at Thot = 60 °C. Moreover, the TEG exhibits excellent compliance to extreme mechanical deformation and adaptability to variety surfaces. This work provides a new design concept for deformable TEGs with promising application in a broader set of BodyNET technology.
Risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia by sex and race/ethnicity: The Multiethnic Cohort Study
Authors: Lim Unhee , Wang Songren , Park Song‐Yi , Bogumil David , Wu Anna H. , Cheng Iona , Haiman Christopher A. , Le Marchand Loïc , Wilkens Lynne R. , White Lon , Setiawan V. Wendy
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Data are limited for comparison of sex‐ and race/ethnicity‐specific risks of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD).

Methods

In the population‐based Multiethnic Cohort, we estimated the age‐standardized diagnostic incidence rate (ASDIR) and relative risk of late‐onset ADRD (n = 16,410) among 105,796 participants based on Medicare claims (1999‐2014) by sex and race/ethnicity.

Results

The ASDIR for ADRD was higher for women (17.0 per 1000 person‐years) than for men (15.3) and varied across African Americans (22.9 in women, 21.5 in men), Native Hawaiians (19.3, 19.4), Latinos (16.8, 14.7), Whites (16.4, 15.5), Japanese Americans (14.8, 13.8), and Filipinos (12.5, 9.7). Similar risk patterns were observed for AD. Adjustment for education and cardiometabolic diseases attenuated the differences. Accounting for deaths from competing causes increased the sex difference, while reducing the racial/ethnic differences. Less racial/ethnic disparity was detected among apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 carriers.

Discussion

More research is needed to understand the sex and racial/ethnic differences in ADRD.
Consumer wealth
Authors: Tully Stephanie M. , Sharma Eesha
Published: December 2021

This article focuses on understanding the meaning of consumer wealth. Research on consumer wealth uses a variety of terminology, including but not limited to economic recessions, financial constraints, financial deprivation, financial satisfaction, financial scarcity, financial well‐being, income, poverty, slack, socio‐economic status (SES), subjective SES, and subjective wealth. We first review and integrate multiple streams of research to provide a discussion on the conceptualization and measurement of objective wealth (i.e., consumers' actual financial resource levels) and subjective wealth (i.e., subjective assessments of consumers' financial resource levels). We then propose an organizing framework that explains the process by which consumers construct subjective wealth perceptions, identifying different routes that can be employed, as well as common cognitive and affective responses that operate across routes to shape final assessments. This framework provides greater understanding of why subjective wealth often diverges from objective wealth, why and how certain individual differences and contextual factors influence subjective wealth perceptions, and how differences across measures of consumer wealth may confer important differences that can influence downstream responses. Our framework identifies current gaps in the literature, offering new directions for future research, along with testable hypotheses related to the antecedents and consequences of subjective wealth.
Fuzzy model predictive MPPT control of interconnected wind turbines drivetrain
Authors: Farbood Mohsen , Shasadeghi Mokhtar , Izadian Afshin , Niknam Taher
Published: December 2021

This paper provides a novel fuzzy‐based model predictive control (MPC) of a hydraulic‐based drivetrain that can combine the harvested energy of multiple wind turbines into one generator. The modeling is based on the sector nonlinearity approach and Takagi–Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy. In addition, prediction and quadratic programming (QP) are formulated to obtain suitable control commands for the displacement of hydraulic pumps. Input–output linearization is utilized to control the generator torque load to regulate the speed. Minimizing the cost function for T‐S fuzzy‐based interconnected hydraulic wind turbine systems is converted to a QP problem to reduce the computation complexity. Therefore, the proposed nonlinear fuzzy‐based MPC scheme is more realistic to be implemented in real time. The feasibility of the optimization problem is improved when a new ellipsoidal terminal constraint is considered in the controller design process. Offline linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are utilized to obtain the terminal cost of T‐S fuzzy‐based nonlinear systems. The simulation results demonstrate a significant reduction in computations and control efforts compared to LMI‐based MPC, kω2 approach, and (proportional–integral) PI controllers. It is also demonstrated that the system response to a sudden wind speed variation contains less overshoot and settles in a shorter time.
A systematic review on autistic people's experiences of stigma and coping strategies
Authors: Han Emeline , Scior Katrina , Avramides Katerina , Crane Laura
Published: December 2021

Autism can be understood as a concealable stigmatized identity. This is the first systematic review to synthesize the literature on autistic people's experiences of stigma and coping strategies. 2877 studies were screened and 27 were included in this review. The reviewed literature demonstrates that autistic individuals are acutely aware of being stereotyped, judged, and discriminated by others. Autistic people also show signs of internalizing stigma, rendering them more vulnerable to low self‐worth and poorer mental health. To manage the impact of stigma, the included studies suggest that autistic individuals may use these strategies: concealment and camouflaging, selective disclosure and self‐advocacy, as well as positive reframing and reconstructing identity. However, the evidence is limited and mixed in terms of how helpful and effective these strategies are. Future studies should include autistic populations with a wider range of intellectual abilities and explore interventions that can support autistic people in managing stigma to supplement interventions that seek to reduce stigma towards autistic people. The power of language in perpetuating and challenging stigma also has important implications for research and practice, underscoring the need for researchers and practitioners to reflect carefully on the messages they are communicating about autism.
Advancements in nucleic acids‐based techniques for bone regeneration
Authors: Sidharthan Dharmaraj Saleth , Abhinandan Ranganathan , Balagangadharan Kalimuthu , Selvamurugan Nagarajan
Published: December 2021

The dynamic biology of bone involving an enormous magnitude of cellular interactions and signaling transduction provides ample biomolecular targets, which can be enhanced or repressed to mediate a rapid regeneration of the impaired bone tissue. The delivery of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA can enhance the expression of osteogenic proteins. Members of the RNA interference pathway such as miRNA and siRNA can repress negative osteoblast differentiation regulators. Advances in nanomaterials have provided researchers with a plethora of delivery modules that can ensure proper transfection. Combining the nucleic acid carrying vectors with bone scaffolds has met with tremendous success in accomplishing bone formation. Recent years have witnessed the advent of CRISPR and DNA nanostructures in regenerative medicine. This review focuses on the delivery of nucleic acids and touches upon the prospect of CRISPR and DNA nanostructures for bone tissue engineering, emphasizing their potential in treating bone defects.
Top 100 most cited journal articles in anatomy
Authors: Couldwell Mitchell W. , Grayson Viktoriya S. , Iwanaga Joe , Loukas Marios , Tubbs R. Shane
Published: December 2021

The number of citations a journal article receives can be used to represent its impact on its field. The aim of the current study was to identify and characterize the top 100 cited articles in journals related to anatomy. The Journal Citation Report database was searched to identify journals categorized as anatomy and morphology. The top 15 most highly cited journals were selected for review. The articles from these journals were then sorted by “Times Cited”. The timeline used was 1976–2001. The top 100 most cited articles were extracted for analysis. Articles were excluded if they focused on basic scientific research or animal studies. Fifteen journals were identified based on our criteria using the Journal Citation Report database and the articles were sorted by most cited; 916 anatomy articles were screened to select the top 100 cited since 1976. Among the selected articles, 46 were published in Journal of Anatomy, 13 in Clinical Anatomy, 12 in Microscopy Research and Technique, 11 in Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, seven in Brain Structure & Function, five in Annals of Anatomy ‐ AnatomischerAnzeiger, three in Anatomical Record ‐ Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, two in Cells Tissues Organs, and one in Developmental Dynamics. Our study identified the top 100 journal articles in anatomy with a clinical and surgical focus. This compilation of articles could help anatomists and clinicians familiarize themselves with impactful research included in terms of study type and field of anatomy, journal of publication, and recurring authors.
Femur morphology in healthy infants and young children
Authors: Bertocci Gina , Brown Nathan P. , Thompson Angela , Bertocci Karen , Adolphi Natalie L. , Dvorscak Lauren , Pierce Mary Clyde
Published: December 2021

The objective of this study was to characterize femur morphology in healthy infants and young children. Anterior–posterior (AP) radiographs of the femur from children age 0–3 years with no history of bone disease were obtained from two children's hospitals and one medical examiner's office. Femur morphological measures (bone length, minimum diaphysis diameter, growth plate width, and femur radius of curvature) and sectional structural measures were determined. Measures were described and compared based on subject age and mass. Relationships between measures and age and mass were evaluated. The 169 AP femur radiographs were obtained from 99 children (59.6% males, median age = 12.0 months, IQR = 0–27.5 months, median body weight = 10.0 kg, IQR = 4.4–15.6 kg). Femur length (rs = 0.97, p < 0.001; rs = 0.89, p < 0.001), trochanter width (rs = 0.86, p < 0.001; rs = 0.85, p < 0.001), minimum diaphysis diameter (rs = 0.91, p < 0.001; rs = 0.87, p < 0.001), and growth plate width (rs = 0.91, p < 0.001; rs = 0.84, p < 0.001) increased with age and weight, respectively. Cross‐sectional area (rs = 0.87; rs = 0.86; p < 0.01), polar moment of inertia (rs = 0.91; rs = 0.87; p < 0.001), moment of inertia (rs = 0.91; rs = 0.87; p < 0.001), polar modulus (rs = 0.91; rs = 0.87; p < 0.001) and medullary canal diameter (rs = 0.83, p < 0.001; rs = 0.73, p < 0.001) at the minimum diaphysis also increased with age and weight, respectively. Changes during rapid bone growth are important to understanding fracture risk in infants and young children as they transition to independent walking. Femur length, trochanter width, minimum diaphysis diameter and growth plate width increased with age and weight. Structural properties associated with fracture resistance also increased with age and weight.