bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Muslim Women in Science, Past and Present
Authors: Akhmetova Elmira
Published: February 2025

This Element examines issues related to Muslim women's engagement in science and scholarship both past and present. The first two parts discuss the contributions made by Muslim women to scholarly, scientific, and technological advancements. The third part discusses the factors that have contributed to a decline in Muslim women's scholarly involvement in Islamic civilisation, the veracity of historical accounts, and the constraints in original knowledge production in contemporary Muslim societies. It finds that there are no religious restrictions rooted in the Qur'an that forbid women from pursuing a profession in science, whether as learners or practitioners. Yet some economic and political circumstances, cultural influences, and outdated interpretations of Islam produce discrimination against women in Muslim societies, and lead to their underrepresentation in scientific research and academia.
New Sudans
Authors: Kindersley Nicki
Published: February 2025

Over a million southern Sudanese people fled to Sudan's capital Khartoum during the wars and famines of the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. This book is an intellectual history of these war-displaced working people's political organising and critical theory during a long conflict. It explores how these men and women thought through their circumstances, tried to build potential political communities, and imagined possible futures. Based on ten years of research in South Sudan, using personal stories, private archives, songs, poetry, photograph albums, self-written histories, jokes and new handmade textbooks, New Sudans follows its idealists' and pragmatists' variously radical, conservative, and creative projects across two decades on the peripheries of a hostile city. Through everyday theories of Blackness, freedom and education in a long civil war, Nicki Kindersley opens up new possibilities in postcolonial intellectual histories of the working class in Africa.
State-Owned Enterprises as Institutional Actors in Contemporary Capitalism and Beyond
Authors: Butzbach Olivier , Fuller Douglas B. , Schnyder Gerhard , Svystunova Luda
Published: February 2025

This Element qualifies the common understanding of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) as mere instruments of the state and instead conceive of them as economic actors in their own right. Specifically, SOE top management teams have leeway to diverge from goals that the state they are owned by pursues. Through 'institutional work' they can even actively shape the institutional framework in which they are embedded. However, the extent of SOE top management teams' leeway for agency is determined by macro- (country), meso- (State–SOE governance system), and industry-level factors. These factors, in turn, vary from country to country and over time. In other words, SOE agency is 'embedded agency.' Combining institutional work and historical institutionalism analytic lenses, this Element presents a multilevel model to understand embedded agency of top management teams of SOEs in contemporary capitalism. The model adds an important element to our understanding of the 'new state capitalism.'
Gendered Jobs and Local Leaders
Authors: Bernhard Rachel , Holman Mirya R.
Published: February 2025

Men from business are overrepresented in local politics in the United States. The authors propose a theory of gendered occupations and ambition: the jobs people hold-and the gender composition of those jobs-shape political ambition and candidate success. They test their theory using data on gender and jobs, candidacy and electoral outcomes from thousands of elections in California, and experimental data on voter attitudes. They find that occupational gendered segregation is a powerful source of women's underrepresentation in politics. Women from feminine careers run for office far less than men. Offices also shape ambition, candidates with feminine occupations run for school board, not mayor or sheriff. In turn, people see the offices that women run for as feminine and less prestigious. This Element provides a rich picture of the pipeline to office and the ways it favours men. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
We Choose You
Authors: Wamble Julian J.
Published: February 2025

In We Choose You, Julian J. Wamble investigates the sophisticated process of Black voter candidate selection. Contrary to the common assumption that Black voters will support Black politicians, Wamble explores what considerations, outside of race, partisanship, and gender, Black voters use to choose certain representatives over others. The book complicates our view of candidate selection, expands our understanding of identity's role in the representative-constituent paradigm, and provides a framework through which scholars can determine a candidates preferability for other identity groups. Wamble uses original experimental tests on Black respondents to prove that Black voters prefer a politician, regardless of race, who shows a commitment to prioritizing the racial group's interest through personal sacrifice. Novel and timely, this book makes an important contribution to our understanding of Black political behavior and will only gain salience as the significance of the Black vote increases in upcoming elections.
The Cambridge Introduction to Samuel Johnson
Authors: DeMaria Robert , Hitchens Daniel
Published: February 2025

Samuel Johnson is a towering figure of eighteenth-century literature. As well as the celebrated Dictionary of the English Language, Johnson was the leading literary critic of his time, and a celebrated author who contributed to almost every genre from poetry to political pamphleteering. At the same time, an enduring legend developed around him, culminating in James Boswell's classic biography. This book offers a concise introduction to Johnson's many-sided work, and its complex and rich historical contexts. Presenting Johnson in his different guises – Journalist, Poet and Storyteller, Scholar, Critic, Political and Social Thinker, Biographer and Legend – it carefully guides the reader through Johnson's writings, and provides detailed expert treatments of his major texts.
The Artificial Womb on Trial
Authors: Baron Teresa
Published: February 2025

Artificial womb technology is approaching over the scientific horizon. Recent proof-of-principle experiments using foetal animals have prompted a new surge of bioethical interest in the topic: scholars have asked what ectogenesis would mean for individuals, family, oppressed groups, and society at large; how we can or should regulate the technology; and whose interests motivate ectogenic research. However, a full investigation of the bioethics of ectogenesis must ask, 'how do we get there?' This Element places the research and development process itself under the microscope and explores the bioethical issues raised by human subject trials of ectogenic prototypes. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Risk Management in Translation
Authors: Pym Anthony
Published: February 2025

Once fidelity and equivalence are abandoned, how can successful translation be understood? Risk management offers an alternative way of looking at the work of translators and their social function. It posits that the greater the cultural differences, the greater the risks of failed communication. What can be done to manage those risks? Drawing on the ways translators and interpreters handle intercultural encounters by adjusting what is said, this essay outlines a series of strategies that can be applied to all kinds of cross-cultural communication. Practical examples are drawn from a wide range of contexts, from Australian bushfires to court interpreting in Barcelona, with special regard for the new kinds of risks presented by machine translation and generative AI. The result is a critical view of the professionalization of translation, and a fresh account of democratized translation as a rich human activity in the service of cross-cultural cooperation.
Protest Walls
Authors: Li Yao-Tai , Whitworth Katherine
Published: February 2025

Protest walls have played an important role in movement communication and mobilizing the public. We focus on contentious performances and the way diverse actors co-authored spaces into the protest walls that were seen in Hong Kong and other countries including Lebanon, Iraq, and Taiwan. We argue that once created, protest walls can become objects symbolic of dissent. They exist as a lexicon-a complex language of symbols and spatial practices. This language is now an internationally understood method of protest which has a high degree of transferability and can be adapted into local contentious contexts or used to transmit local concerns into the international consciousness. Finally, we show that the protest wall can shed new light on the relationship between activists, their claims and their targets that does not exist in other types of contentious performance.
Stylistics
Authors: Jeffries Lesley , McIntyre Dan
Published: February 2025

Stylistics is the linguistic study of style in language. Now in its second edition, this book is an introduction to stylistics that locates it firmly within the traditions of linguistics. Organised to reflect the historical development of stylistics, it covers key principles such as foregrounding theory, as well as recent advances in cognitive and corpus stylistics. This edition has been fully revised to cover all the major developments in the field since the first edition, including extensive coverage of corpus stylistics, new sections on a range of topics, additional exercises and commentaries, updated further reading lists, and an entirely re-written final chapter on the disciplinary status of stylistics and its relationship to linguistics, plus a manifesto for the future of the field. Comprehensive in its coverage and assuming no prior knowledge of the subject, it is essential reading for students and researchers new to this fascinating area of language study.
Uncovering Quantum Field Theory and the Standard Model
Authors: Bietenholz Wolfgang , Wiese Uwe-Jens
Published: February 2025

This textbook provides an accessible introduction to quantum field theory and the Standard Model of particle physics. It adopts a distinctive pedagogical approach with clear, intuitive explanations to complement the mathematical exposition. The book begins with basic principles of quantum field theory, relating them to quantum mechanics, classical field theory, and statistical mechanics, before building towards a detailed description of the Standard Model. Its concepts and components are introduced step by step, and their dynamical roles and interactions are gradually established. Advanced topics of current research are woven into the discussion and key chapters address physics beyond the Standard Model, covering subjects such as axions, technicolor, and Grand Unified Theories. This book is ideal for graduate courses and as a reference and inspiration for experienced researchers. Additional material is provided in appendices, while numerous end-of-chapter problems and quick questions reinforce the understanding and prepare students for their own research.
“Paper Nation” Jews as a Religion, Minority, and Nation in Bureaucratic Discourse and Praxis in Russian Imperial and Post-Imperial States
Authors: Schedrin Vassili
Published: February 2025

This article compares late Imperial Russia (1850-1917) and its successor states — post-revolutionary independent Ukraine (1918-1919) and early Soviet Russia and the USSR (1918-1923) — focusing on the conception and implementation of state policy toward the Jews. It argues that Russian Imperial, Ukrainian nationalist and Soviet socialist policies treated the Jews essentially as a distinct ethno-confessional or ethnic collective entitled to state protection and group rights, thus anticipating (in Imperial Russia) and de-facto realizing (in independent Ukraine and Soviet Russia) the rights of minorities stipulated in the 1919 Paris Peace Treaty and implemented by the Versailles system in interwar Europe. The article shows how by establishing and maintaining separate Jewish institutions (sophisticated state apparatuses staffed by qualified, dedicated Jewish bureaucrats), the states developed and even promoted a collective Jewish identity and collective Jewish rights, starting with state protection and official recognition of Judaism and the Jewish way of life in the late Russian empire, to state-sponsored Jewish national and cultural autonomy in the Ukrainian National Republic, to official recognition as a Soviet nationality, and territorial and semi-political autonomy in the USSR.
Public Perceptions of Minority Inclusion and Feelings of Political Efficacy: A Replication, Validation, and Extension
Authors: CLARK CHRISTOPHER J. , ROGERS STEVEN
Published: February 2025

Stauffer (2021) shows that when Americans perceive their legislatures as having more gender diversity, they perceive these institutions to be more responsive. In this letter, we use an independently fielded survey to validate Stauffer’s findings and investigate whether her findings extend to race. We successfully replicate Stauffer’s analyses. We also newly demonstrate that perceptions of Black representation in legislatures are related to increased external efficacy, and perceptions of gender descriptive representation are associated with increased trust. Such findings underscore the importance of studying citizens’ perceptions of descriptive representation to understand their attitudes toward government.
Compact and reciprocal probe-signal-integrated rotational Doppler velocimetry with fiber-sculpted light
Authors: Wan Zhenyu , Tang Ziyi , Zhang Xi , Padgett Miles J. , Wang Jian
Published: February 2025

In recent years, with the clarification of the mechanism of the rotational Doppler effect (RDE), there has attracted extensive attention to its development of applications, especially in the detection of the angular velocity of rotating objects. On the other hand, optical fiber technology is widely applied in laser velocimetry from beam delivery to scattered light collection, aiding the miniaturization of instruments. Here we report the first all-fiber rotational Doppler velocimetry (AF-RDV) with a single probe based on a fabricated mode-sculpted fiber-optic element. The constructed AF-RDV can be operated in two reciprocal schemes wherein exchanging the illuminating mode and detected mode. Using this, we experimentally demonstrate the mode-changing dependent nature of the RDE. Particularly, the results suggest that the rotational Doppler shift can be observed by mode-filtering the scattered signal even with a non-twisted probe light. We also show the achromatic property of the RDE by scanning the incident wavelength, enabling the AF-RDV within an ultra-broadband operation range. The AF-RDV exhibits favorable performance for detecting spinning rough surfaces. It may provide an exciting new practical sensing instrument with significant prospects for monitoring angular motion in both research and industry.
Comparative analysis of nanomechanical resonators: sensitivity, response time, and practical considerations in photothermal sensing
Authors: Kanellopulos Kostas , Ladinig Friedrich , Emminger Stefan , Martini Paolo , West Robert G. , Schmid Silvan
Published: February 2025

Nanomechanical photothermal sensing has significantly advanced single-molecule/particle microscopy and spectroscopy, and infrared detection. In this approach, the nanomechanical resonator detects shifts in resonant frequency due to photothermal heating. However, the relationship between photothermal sensitivity, response time, and resonator design has not been fully explored. This paper compares three resonator types - strings, drumheads, and trampolines - to explore this relationship. Through theoretical modeling, experimental validation, and finite element method simulations, we find that strings offer the highest sensitivity (with a noise equivalent power of 280 fW/Hz1/2 for strings made of silicon nitride), while drumheads exhibit the fastest thermal response. The study reveals that photothermal sensitivity correlates with the average temperature rise and not the peak temperature. Finally, the impact of photothermal back-action is discussed, which can be a major source of frequency instability. This work clarifies the performance differences and limits among resonator designs and guides the development of advanced nanomechanical photothermal sensors, benefiting a wide range of applications.
Circular RNAs in neurological conditions – computational identification, functional validation, and potential clinical applications
Authors: Hatzimanolis Oak , Sykes Alex M. , Cristino Alexandre S.
Published: February 2025

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have gained significant attention in recent years due to advancements in biotechnology, particularly high-throughput total RNA sequencing. These developments have led to new understandings of non-coding biology, revealing that approximately 80% of non-coding regions in the genome possesses biochemical functionality. Among ncRNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs), first identified in 1976, have emerged as a prominent research field. CircRNAs are abundant in most human cell types, evolutionary conserved, highly stable, and formed by back-splicing events which generate covalently closed ends. Notably, circRNAs exhibit high expression levels in neural tissue and perform diverse biochemical functions, including acting as molecular sponges for microRNAs, interacting with RNA-binding proteins to regulate their availability and activity, modulating transcription and splicing, and even translating into functional peptides in some cases. Recent advancements in computational and experimental methods have enhanced our ability to identify and validate circRNAs, providing valuable insights into their biological roles. This review focuses on recent developments in circRNA research as they related to neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions. We also explore their potential applications in clinical diagnostics, therapeutics, and future research directions. CircRNAs remain a relatively underexplored area of non-coding biology, particularly in the context of neurological disorders. However, emerging evidence supports their role as critical players in the etiology and molecular mechanisms of conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. These findings suggest that circRNAs may provide a novel framework contributing to the molecular dysfunctions underpinning these complex neurological conditions.
Effect of prenatal antibiotics on breast milk and neonatal IgA and microbiome: a case-control translational study protocol
Authors: Pietrasanta Carlo , Ronchi Andrea , Carlosama Carolina , Lizier Michela , Silvestri Alessandra , Fornasa Giulia , Melacarne Alessia , D’Ambrosi Francesco , Lutterotti Martina , Carbone Elisa , Cetin Irene , Fumagalli Monica , Ferrazzi Enrico , Penna Giuseppe , Mosca Fabio , Pugni Lorenza , Rescigno Maria
Published: February 2025

Background

Up to 25–35% of women receive antibiotics (ABX) during pregnancy, but little is known about the consequences on a key mucosal interface such as the mammary gland, and on the development of the neonatal gut’s microbiota and IgA. We hypothesize that prenatal ABX negatively affect the immune functionality of mammary gland, the composition of breast milk microbiota, the development of neonatal fecal microbiota and the abundance of neonatal fecal IgA.

Methods

Case-control translational cohort study on women and neonates in the presence or absence (N = 41 + 41 pairs) of exposure to prenatal ABX for at least 7 consecutive days after 32 weeks of gestation.

Results

We will evaluate IgA concentration in breast milk and in neonatal feces up to one year after delivery. We will also evaluate clinical parameters, neurodevelopment and the composition of the IgA-coated and uncoated fractions of breast milk and fecal microbiota by means of magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) coupled with shotgun metagenomics. Finally, we will measure the concentration of the chemokine CCL28 on maternal serum and breast milk, as a marker of activity of the entero-mammary pathway.

Conclusions

Our results might support a data-driven evaluation of breast milk immune function in women exposed to prenatal ABX.

Impact

Breast milk IgA and microbiota are critical to determine the positive effects of breastfeeding in infants.

This research protocol will investigate breast milk IgA, microbiota, and the IgA+ / IgA− fractions of neonatal fecal microbiota upon exposure to prenatal antibiotics.

Fecal IgA and microbiota in infants exposed or not exposed to prenatal antibiotics will be analyzed up to 1 year after birth.

This research will clarify the impact of prenatal antibiotics on the immune function of breast milk.

This, in turn, might support the selective evaluation of breast milk IgA/microbiota in mothers exposed to prenatal antibiotics, or in donor human milk.
“Friends or foes”: a new perspective of tumour metabolic transcriptional modification
Authors: Shi Tong , Geng Qishun , Wang Zhaoran , Wen Chaoying , Xu Jiahe , Jiao Yi , Diao Wenya , Gu Jienan , Deng Tingting , Xiao Cheng , Zhong Baoyuan , Wang Jianfeng
Published: February 2025

Energy metabolism plays a pivotal role in cancer clinical treatment and has become an important means of clinical diagnosis of tumour progression. However, current research mostly focuses on changes in metabolic products and neglects the deeper mechanisms of transcriptional regulation. This paper proposes a new perspective, establishing a comprehensive network that reveals the interaction between metabolism and transcription, which explores how tumour metabolism affects tumour progression through transcriptional modifications, and provides a novel approach for optimizing tumour treatment strategies. This viewpoint is conducive to overcoming current bottlenecks in treatment and promoting the development of drug combinations and personalized medicine.
Long-term adaptation of lymphoma cell lines to hypoxia is mediated by diverse molecular mechanisms that are targetable with specific inhibitors
Authors: Daumova Lenka , Manakov Dmitry , Petrak Jiri , Sovilj Dana , Behounek Matej , Andera Ladislav , Vit Ondrej , Souckova Olga , Havranek Ondrej , Dolnikova Alex , Renesova Nicol , Tuskova Liliana , Winkowska Lucie , Bettazova Nardjas , Kupcova Kristyna , Kalbacova Marie Hubalek , Sikorova Miriama , Trneny Marek , Klener Pavel
Published: February 2025

A large body of evidence suggests that hypoxia drives aggressive molecular features of malignant cells irrespective of cancer type. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) are the most common hematologic malignancies characterized by frequent involvement of diverse hypoxic microenvironments. We studied the impact of long-term deep hypoxia (1% O2) on the biology of lymphoma cells. Only 2 out of 6 tested cell lines (Ramos, and HBL2) survived ≥ 4 weeks under hypoxia. The hypoxia-adapted (HA)b Ramos and HBL2 cells had a decreased proliferation rate accompanied by significant suppression of both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolytic pathways. Transcriptome and proteome analyses revealed marked downregulation of genes and proteins of the mitochondrial respiration complexes I and IV, and mitochondrial ribosomal proteins. Despite the observed suppression of glycolysis, the proteome analysis of both HA cell lines showed upregulation of several proteins involved in the regulation of glucose utilization including the active catalytic component of prolyl-4-hydroxylase P4HA1, an important druggable oncogene. HA cell lines demonstrated increased transcription of key regulators of auto-/mitophagy, e.g., neuritin, BCL2 interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), BNIP3-like protein, and BNIP3 pseudogene. Adaptation to hypoxia was further associated with deregulation of apoptosis, namely upregulation of BCL2L1/BCL-XL, overexpression of BCL2L11/BIM, increased binding of BIM to BCL-XL, and significantly increased sensitivity of both HA cell lines to A1155463, a BCL-XL inhibitor. Finally, in both HA cell lines AKT kinase was hyperphosphorylated and the cells showed increased sensitivity to copanlisib, a pan-PI3K inhibitor. In conclusion, our data report on several shared mechanisms of lymphoma cell adaptation to long-term hypoxia including: 1. Upregulation of proteins responsible for glucose utilization, 2. Degradation of mitochondrial proteins for potential mitochondrial recycling (by mitophagy), and 3. Increased dependence on BCL-XL and PI3K-AKT signaling for survival. In translation, inhibition of glycolysis, BCL-XL, or PI3K-AKT cascade may result in targeted elimination of HA lymphoma cells.
A force-sensitive adhesion GPCR is required for equilibrioception
Authors: Yang Zhao , Zhou Shu-Hua , Zhang Qi-Yue , Song Zhi-Chen , Liu Wen-Wen , Sun Yu , Wang Ming-Wei , Fu Xiao-Long , Zhu Kong-Kai , Guan Ying , Qi Jie-Yu , Wang Xiao-Hui , Sun Yu-Nan , Lu Yan , Ping Yu-Qi , Xi Yue-Tong , Teng Zhen-Xiao , Xu Lei , Xiao Peng , Xu Zhi-Gang , Xiong Wei , Qin Wei , Yang Wei , Yi Fan , Chai Ren-Jie , Yu Xiao , Sun Jin-Peng
Published: February 2025

Equilibrioception (sensing of balance) is essential for mammals to perceive and navigate the three-dimensional world. A rapid mechanoelectrical transduction (MET) response in vestibular hair cells is crucial for detecting position and motion. Here, we identify the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) LPHN2/ADGRL2, expressed on the apical membrane of utricular hair cells, as essential for maintaining normal balance. Loss of LPHN2 specifically in hair cells impaired both balance behavior and the MET response in mice. Functional analyses using hair-cell-specific Lphn2-knockout mice and an LPHN2-specific inhibitor suggest that LPHN2 regulates tip-link-independent MET currents at the apical surface of utricular hair cells. Mechanistic studies in a heterologous system show that LPHN2 converts force stimuli into increased open probability of transmembrane channel-like protein 1 (TMC1). LPHN2-mediated force sensation triggers glutamate release and calcium signaling in utricular hair cells. Importantly, reintroducing LPHN2 into the hair cells of Lphn2-deficient mice restores vestibular function and MET response. Our data reveal that a mechanosensitive GPCR is required for equilibrioception.
Comparative models of uveitis
Authors: Knutson Olivia S. , Choi Soyoung , Williams Simon , Calder Virginia L.
Published: February 2025

Several clinical subtypes of uveitis exist yet specific immunopathogenic mechanisms involved remain unclear. Ex vivo studies are limited by lack of fresh retinal biopsies and studies have relied on aqueous humour or peripheral blood, which may not directly reflect disease. The aim of this review is to compare the various in vivo models and review their contributions to our understanding of disease processes. These models, although unable to reflect all clinical signs, have provided insight into the contribution of genes and molecules, characterisation of effector T-cells, cell trafficking into retinal tissues, the contribution of tissue-resident myeloid cells and the mechanism(s) of action of several anti-inflammatory compounds. In vivo uveitis models have provided an excellent resource with which to study the molecular and cellular processes involved. Recent refinements in models, improved imaging, and the application of omics have greatly increased the number of readouts and translational opportunities. Future approaches with in vitro models will also be discussed.
How to improve functional outcome of inflatable penile implant surgery? a narrative review
Authors: Vural Ahmet , De Bruyn Helene , Van Renterghem Koenraad
Published: February 2025

The implantation of a three-piece inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) has been shown to be a safe and successful treatment with a high satisfaction rate among individuals with erectile dysfunction. This narrative review aims to explore ways to improve the functional outcomes of IPP implantation. We conducted an English-language narrative review using all relevant articles sourced from PubMed. Over the years, modifications in IPP surgery have focused on increasing the longevity of prostheses and improving functional outcomes. These modifications include advancements in surgical methods, implant types, intracorporeal tubing length, the use of rear tip extenders, and reservoir placement. IPP implantation continues to significantly improve quality of life, making it essential for surgeons to stay updated on the latest developments and research to ensure the best outcomes for their patients. Optimal functional outcomes are achieved by an experienced surgical team and the use of a safe, rapid, minimally invasive surgical technique with the latest technology and equipment.
Data on the diet and nutrition of urban and rural bumblebees
Authors: Casanelles-Abella Joan , Selva Simonetta , Keller Alexander , Ruedenauer Fabian A. , Fournier Bertrand , Leonhardt Sara D. , Moretti Marco
Published: February 2025

Land-use changes, driven by agricultural intensification and urbanization, are major contributors to biodiversity loss, altering habitats and reducing available resources. These changes impact species’ foraging strategies, particularly in human-modified ecosystems. While dietary shifts due to land-use changes have been well-studied in vertebrates, similar research in invertebrates, such as wild bees, remains limited. The present data paper provides a comprehensive dataset on the pollen collected from urban and rural populations of two bumblebee species (Bombus lapidarius and B. pascuorum) in Switzerland, examining pollen composition, nutrient content, and diet breadth. Additionally, by analyzing pollen from both body and leg-baskets, the dataset also offers a comprehensive overview of plant-bumblebee interactions. The data help understand plant-bumblebee interactions, pollination services, nutritional supply to larvae, and the impact of land-use changes on these processes. Furthermore, the dataset can be integrated with existing plant trait data to explore the effects of non-native species and other ecological factors on bumblebee foraging and nutrition in anthropogenically modified landscapes.
Measuring social mobility in temporal networks
Authors: Barnes Matthew Russell , Nicosia Vincenzo , Clegg Richard G.
Published: February 2025

In complex networks, the “rich-get-richer” effect (nodes with high degree at one point in time gain more degree in their future) is commonly observed. In practice this is often studied on a static network snapshot, for example, a preferential attachment model assumed to explain the more highly connected nodes or a rich-club effect that analyses the most highly connected nodes. In this paper, we consider temporal measures of how success (measured here as node degree) propagates across time. By analogy with social mobility (a measure of people moving within a social hierarchy through their life) we define hierarchical mobility to measure how a node’s propensity to gain degree changes over time. We introduce an associated taxonomy of temporal correlation statistics including mobility, philanthropy and community. Mobility measures the extent to which a node’s degree gain in one time period predicts its degree gain in the next. Philanthropy and community measure similar properties related to node neighbourhood. We apply these statistics both to artificial models and to 26 real temporal networks. We find that most of our networks show a tendency for individual nodes and their neighbourhoods to remain in similar hierarchical positions over time, while most networks show low correlative effects between individuals and their neighbourhoods. Moreover, we show that the mobility taxonomy can discriminate between networks from different fields. We also generate artificial network models to gain intuition about the behaviour and expected range of the statistics. The artificial models show that the opposite of the “rich-get-richer” effect requires the existence of inequality of degree in a network. Overall, we show that measuring the hierarchical mobility of a temporal network is an invaluable resource for discovering its underlying structural dynamics.
A sensitive chalcogenide-based electrochemical sensor for ultra-level detection of Mospilan residues in real samples
Authors: Beheshti-Marnani Amirkhosro , Rohani Tahereh , kermani Mahdokht Arjmand , Mohammadi Sayed zia
Published: February 2025

Addressed herein, the synthetic bismuthinite and bismuthinite@copper sulphide as two metal chalcogenides have been applied for modifying a glassy carbon electrode(GCE). The as-prepared nanomaterials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX). By comparing the results, bismuthinite @copper sulphide hybridized with graphene oxide (GO) modified electrode exhibited superior sensitivity for detection ultra-levels of pesticide Mospilan (acetamiprid) in real samples. The dynamic concentration range of acetamiprid was found to be 80-680nM with a remarkably low detection limit about 4.1nM along with good stability and repeatability. Finally, the fabricated electrochemical sensor, bismuthinite@copper sulphide/GO, was suggested as a suitable alternative to more complex enzyme-based and aptamer-based methods for Mospilan detection.
Combinatorial ab initio calculations and core spectroscopy unravel the electronic structure of nickel cobalt manganese oxide
Authors: Reents Timo , Kataev Elmar , Duarte-Ruiz Daniel , Wilks Regan G. , Garcia-Diez Raul , Bär Marcus , Cocchi Caterina
Published: February 2025

The rising interest in complex oxides for energy storage applications calls for the development of efficient computational schemes that enable exploring the vast configurational space of these materials to guide and complement experiments. In this work, we adopt a high-throughput screening method based on density-functional theory to investigate the electronic-structure fingerprints of a specific stoichiometry of lithiated manganese-cobalt-nickel oxide,
$$\hbox {LiNi}_{0.8}\hbox {Co}_{0.1}\hbox {Mn}_{0.1}\hbox {O}_{2}$$
, which are relevant for the identification of the material in X-ray spectroscopy experiments. After creating the candidate structures in an automated fashion, we inspect their structural characteristics and electronic properties focusing specifically on the Ni and O contributions to the density of states. To do so, we exploit data analysis schemes that provide us with a metric to classify the considered structures according to the properties of interest, including the oxidation state. Comparison with X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements confirms the robustness of the developed computational approach and reveals the most likely composition of the probed sample.
A fuzzy system based self-adaptive memetic algorithm using population diversity control for evolutionary multi-objective optimization
Authors: Subburaj Brindha , Miruna Joe Amali S.
Published: February 2025

Simulated by nature’s evolution, numerous evolutionary algorithms had been proposed. These algorithms perform better for a particular problem domain and extensive parameter fine tuning and adaptations are required in optimizing problems of varied domain. This paper aims to develop robust and self-adaptive memetic algorithm by combining Differential Evolution based algorithm, a popular population based global search method with the Controlled Local search procedure to solve multi-objective optimization problems. Memetic Algorithm is an enhanced evolutionary algorithm, it combines global search method with local search techniques for faster convergence. Memetic algorithm improves both exploration and exploitation, preventing premature convergence and also refines the current best solutions efficiently. Proposed algorithm is named as Fuzzy based Memetic Algorithm using Diversity control (F-MAD). In F-MAD, population diversity is controlled through the control parameters self-adaptation of Differential Evolution algorithm (DE) such as, crossover rate and scaling factor by using two fuzzy systems. A controlled local search procedure is adapted for guiding convergence process thus balancing explore-exploit cycle. The control parameter self-adaptation and enhanced selection method with controlled local search method aid population diversity control in decision space and attaining optimal solutions with uniform distribution in terms of diversity and convergence metrics in objective space. These characteristics help the proposed method suitable to be extended to different application domain without the need of trial-and-error fine tuning of the parameters. The performance is tested through standard benchmark test problems-CEC 2009 test problems and DTLZ test problem and further validated through performance metrics and statistical test. It is compared with popular optimization algorithms and experiment results indicate that F-MAD perform well than State of-The-Art (SOTA) algorithms taken for comparison. F-MAD algorithm attains better results for 8 out of 10 CEC 2009 test problems (UF1-UF10) when compared to 20 other algorithms taken for comparison. For DTLZ problems, F-MAD attains better results for ALL 7 problems (DTLZ 1-DTLZ7) when compared to 8 other SOTA algorithms. The performance is further evaluated using Friedman rank test and the proposed F-MAD significantly outperformed other algorithms.
Symmetry-based analysis after surgical treatment of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures using intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography: a retrospective case-control study
Authors: Franke Adrian , Matschke Jan Bernard , Bučkova Michaela , Rahrisch Lea , Lauer Günter , Leonhardt Henry
Published: February 2025

Zygomaticomaxillary fractures are among the most common fractures of the facial skeleton. Open reduction and internal fixation require radiographic control. Three-dimensional radiographs provide superior information on actual distances. The study aims to quantify and evaluate intraoperative reduction control by cone-beam computed tomography. The retrospective case-control study evaluates three-dimensional radiographs through linear measurements of defined skeletal landmarks from the median sagittal plane for symmetry. The study group received open reduction and internal fixation for zygomaticomaxillary fractures, and the control group consisted of a population without pathology of the midfacial region. The study group showed the same degree of symmetry as the control group. The mean absolute distance of all landmarks was 1.5 ± 1.3 mm in the study group and 1.0 ± 0.9 mm in the control group. There was a statistically significant likelihood of the right side being further away from the midline than the left. The study showed adequate reduction results of zygomaticomaxillary fractures. Moreover, the same degree of symmetry was ascertained compared to a control group. Intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography serves as a valid tool to check for immediate reduction control during surgery for zygomaticomaxillary fractures.
Second-harmonic generation in OP-GaAs0.75P0.25 heteroepitaxially grown from the vapor phase
Authors: Wang Li , Vangala Shivashankar R. , Popien Stefan , Beutler Marcus , Mann J. Matthew , Tassev Vladimir L. , Büttner Edlef , Petrov Valentin
Published: February 2025

Top view of an orientation-patterned GaAs0.75P0.25 sample with a domain width of 62 μm used for second-harmonic generation at 5500 nm, containing only about four quasi-phase matching periods.
Reactivity of Various Halogenating Agents Toward Different Substrates in Electrophilic Substitution Reactions: A Computational Study
Authors: Huang Wenjie , Liu Yongdong , zhong ru-gang
Published: February 2025

More and more halogenating agents have been identified in disinfection systems, however, it is full of challenge to quantify all their reactivity. In this study, 18 electrophiles including 11 halogenating...
Industrially Compatible Manufacturing Process of Wash-Durable Antimicrobial Textiles by using Cuprous Oxide-Polymer Composites
Authors: Chen Hung-Tung , Chiang Yi-Ying , Chang Yong , Huang Ming-Cai , Wu Chia-Ching
Published: February 2025

Developing textiles with antibacterial and antiviral properties and excellent wash resistance can be a promising approach to fighting against multidrug-resistant bacteria, influenza virus, and SARS-CoV-2, which are the major causes...
Mechano-diffusion of Particles in Stretchable Hydrogels
Authors: Lin Shaoting , Ye Chuwei , Wei Congjie , Liu Jiabin , Wong Tsz Hung , Liu Xinyue , Song Ziyou , Wu Chenglin , Li Zhaojian
Published: February 2025

Precise control over particle diffusion is promising for diverse modern technologies. Traditionally, particle diffusion is governed by the inherent properties of liquid medium, limiting versatility and controllability. Here, we report...
Retraction: Integration of photovoltaic organic materials into mm-wave technologies: towards self-powered phase shifters
Authors: Manikandan Suraj , Andreasen Jens Wenzel
Published: February 2025

Retraction of ‘Integration of photovoltaic organic materials into mm-wave technologies: towards self-powered phase shifters’ by Suraj Manikandan et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TC02828G.
Structural Priming for Sentence Production in Aphasia: What Does Oral Repetition Do?
Authors: Lee Jiyeon , Man Grace , Christ Sharon , Zhang Peng
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

Structural priming—speakers' unconscious tendency to reuse previously encountered sentence structures (primes) in future production—facilitates access and learning of grammatical representations in persons with aphasia (PWAs). However, it remains unclear which components of structural priming tasks are essential to consistent and lasting effects, a discovery critical for cost-effective clinical translation of research. We examined the effects of orally repeating versus listening to primes on immediate and lasting sentence production in PWAs and controls.

Method:

In a collaborative priming task, participants took turns with the experimenter, describing transitive and dative event pictures. One group of PWAs and controls listened to the experimenter's descriptions (primes) before they described their own picture, whereas the other group orally repeated their interlocutor's prime sentences before the target picture descriptions. In Experiment 1, the target picture description was elicited immediately after the prime (0-lag, immediate priming). In Experiment 2, two filler trials (2-lag) intervened between prime and target, examining longer term priming.

Results:

At both immediate and longer term priming, significant priming effects were observed in both groups, as indicated by increased productions of passives following passive versus active primes and increased productions of double-object dative sentences following double-object than prepositional object dative prime sentences. However, orally repeating prime sentences did not reliably and consistently enhance the magnitude of priming effects across lags and groups. Additionally, PWAs' repetition abilities did not result in higher degrees of priming effects.

Conclusion:

These findings suggest that opportunities for processing syntactic representations that shared between prior (prime) and current (target) utterances is a rather essential ingredient for positive structural priming in PWAs, while repeating prime sentences is an optional ingredient that can be removed or modified.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28291949
Small-Dose Behavioral Treatment Effects: Learning Following 2 Hours of Computer-Based Conversational Script Training in Individuals With Poststroke Aphasia
Authors: Braun Emily J. , Cherney Leora R.
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

Optimal dosage parameters are underspecified for aphasia therapy. This study evaluated effects of small doses of conversational script training in individuals with chronic poststroke aphasia.

Method:

Ten adults with chronic poststroke aphasia completed 2 hr of computerized conversational script training on two consecutive days via AphasiaScripts. Accuracy and rate of production of a trained and an untrained conversational script were probed at three baseline timepoints and various timepoints after the first and second treatment sessions up to 2 weeks posttreatment. Generalization in accuracy of trained script production was evaluated through a live conversational interaction. Mixed-effects linear regression models evaluated changes in accuracy and rate of script production across timepoints.

Results:

Participants showed significantly improved accuracy and rate of trained script production immediately following 1 and 2 hr of treatment. Gains in script production accuracy and rate were maintained up to 1 week posttreatment. Generalization probe production accuracy improved significantly from baseline to immediately posttreatment and 2 weeks posttreatment.

Conclusions:

Improvement in production of trained conversational scripts following 1 and 2 hr of treatment can be documented in individuals with poststroke aphasia. These results provide estimates for the effects of 1 and 2 hr of conversational script training that can be used in future dosage manipulations.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28339925
Deep regression 2D‐3D ultrasound registration for liver motion correction in focal tumour thermal ablation
Authors: Xing Shuwei , Cool Derek W. , Tessier David , Chen Elvis C. S. , Peters Terry M. , Fenster Aaron
Published: February 2025

Liver tumour ablation procedures require accurate placement of the needle applicator at the tumour centroid. The lower‐cost and real‐time nature of ultrasound (US) has advantages over computed tomography for applicator guidance, however, in some patients, liver tumours may be occult on US and tumour mimics can make lesion identification challenging. Image registration techniques can aid in interpreting anatomical details and identifying tumours, but their clinical application has been hindered by the tradeoff between alignment accuracy and runtime performance, particularly when compensating for liver motion due to patient breathing or movement. Therefore, we propose a 2D–3D US registration approach to enable intra‐procedural alignment that mitigates errors caused by liver motion. Specifically, our approach can correlate imbalanced 2D and 3D US image features and use continuous 6D rotation representations to enhance the model's training stability. The dataset was divided into 2388, 196, and 193 image pairs for training, validation and testing, respectively. Our approach achieved a mean Euclidean distance error of and a mean geodesic angular error of , with a runtime of per 2D–3D US image pair. These results demonstrate that our approach can achieve accurate alignment and clinically acceptable runtime, indicating potential for clinical translation.