bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Acoustic Noise and Sound Quality Characterization of a Switched Reluctance Motor Drive with Hysteresis and PWM Current Control
Authors: Masoumi Moien , Bilgin Berker
Published: January 2025

This paper presents an experimental characterization of acoustic noise and sound quality in a 12/8 Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) using hysteresis and Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) current control techniques. To overcome the limitations of traditional sound power measurements and enhance the accuracy of acoustic noise evaluation, a setup is applied for calculating sound power based on sound intensity measurements. The study provides a detailed description of the intensity probe-holding fixture, the hardware configuration for acoustic noise experiments, and the software setup tailored to specific measurement requirements. The acoustic noise characteristics of the motor are assessed at various operating points using two distinct current control methods: hysteresis current control with a variable switching frequency of up to 20 kHz and PWM current control with a fixed switching frequency of 12.5 kHz. Measurements of sound pressure and sound intensity enable the calculation of sound power and sound quality metrics under different operating conditions. Furthermore, the study investigates the influence of various factors on the motor’s sound power levels and sound quality. The findings provide valuable insights into the contributions of these factors to acoustic noise characteristics and offer a foundation for improving the motor’s acoustic behavior during the design and control stages.
Key Updates to the 2024 ESC Hypertension Guidelines and Future Perspectives
Authors: Burlacu Alexandru , Kuwabara Masanari , Brinza Crischentian , Kanbay Mehmet
Published: January 2025

Hypertension remains a critical global health challenge, significantly contributing to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality despite advancements in treatment. The 2024 ESC hypertension guidelines address persistent gaps in hypertension management by emphasizing comprehensive strategies encompassing early detection, socioeconomic barriers, lifestyle interventions, and personalized care. Enhanced screening protocols, including home and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, aim for accurate diagnosis and risk stratification. Lifestyle recommendations now prioritize reducing sodium intake, increasing potassium consumption, and integrating tailored exercise regimens. Pharmacological updates advocate for single-pill combinations and stringent BP targets (<130/80 mmHg), emphasizing the benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors for specific comorbidities. Minimally invasive therapies like renal denervation are explored for resistant hypertension, while digital tools such as telehealth and mobile applications enhance patient engagement and adherence. This multifaceted, patient-centered approach provides a roadmap for optimizing BP control, reducing cardiovascular risks, and addressing the complexities of hypertension in diverse populations.
Texture Analysis of Inconel 718 with Different Modes During Single-Track Laser Surface Re-Melting
Authors: Yang Liuqing , Niu Tongjun , Stilgenbauer Joe , Lane Brandon , Li Nan , Weaver Jordan , Chen Youxing
Published: January 2025

An in-depth understanding of the texture formation in melt pools allows for the modification of the surface layer microstructure and corresponding material properties, providing an opportunity to integrate laser surface re-melting into metal additive manufacturing. This study investigates crystallographic texture formation at different cooling rates in single melting tracks on the Inconel 718 (IN718) plate produced by laser surface re-melting. The cooling rate varies from 2.31 × 105 °C/s to 9.56 × 105 °C/s with the increase in scanning rates from 400 mm/s to 1200 mm/s, measured by recently developed real-time temperature monitoring of melt pools. Columnar grains are dominant, with distinct crystallographic textures forming in the melt pools. At a slower scanning speed, the keyhole mode shows three different textures forming at different depths (crystallographically layered structure), while, at a faster scanning speed, the conduction mode shows only random grain orientation. There are no pores/voids detected, and the columnar grain morphology and columnar grain width (8.6 μm to 12.4 μm) follow the analysis framework in terms of thermal gradient and solidification rate analysis. This implies that laser surface re-melting provides the potential to modify the surface structure from a random grain orientation to a crystallographically layered structure.
Interfacial Bonding Properties Experimental Research of 316L Stainless Steel–Carbon Steel Clad Rebar in the Process of Intermediate and Finish Rolling
Authors: Liang Gaozhen , Tan Jianping , Qian Xuehai , Xiang Yong , Gou Zhe , Zhang Binbin , Chen Taili
Published: January 2025

The interfacial bonding properties of stainless steel clad (SSC) rebars determine whether they can be widely used. In the industrial production of SSC rebars, the process of intermediate and finish rolling of the microstructure evolution, element diffusion behavior, and interfacial bonding properties of bimetallic interfaces are investigated. In this paper, 316L seamless stainless steel (SS) tube and HRB400E carbon steel (CS) bar were prepared by a vacuum oxidation-free composite round billet, and the industrial emergency stopping of SSC rebars’ hot rolling was carried out. The metallographic results showed that the thicknesses of the carburized austenite zone (CAZ) varied greatly (832–238 μm) and showed a parabolic downward trend, while the thicknesses of the decarburized ferrite zone (DFZ) varied little (85–99 μm). The elemental line scans showed that Fe and Cr had the same parabolic downward trend. The intermediate-rolling had a great influence on element diffusion, and, in S6–9, the diffusion distance of Fe and Cr decreased significantly. The diffusion distances of the elements in the intermediate-rolling back stage and finishing-rolling front stage (S9–12) were basically balanced. The elemental diffusion distances and interfacial bonding strength were not consistent. Among them, the shear strength (τ) of S13 was 410.7 MPa. Compared with ordinary rebars, the yield strength (Re) and tensile strength (Rm) of finished SSC rebars were increased by 7.05% (30.9 MPa) and 7.10% (43.0 MPa), respectively. The tensile properties exceed those of mixture effects. The paper provides a theoretical basis for the improvement of the interfacial bonding strength and optimization of the rolling process system for the industrial production of SSC rebars.
Steel Surface Defect Detection Technology Based on YOLOv8-MGVS
Authors: Zeng Kai , Xia Zibo , Qian Junlei , Du Xueqiang , Xiao Pengcheng , Zhu Liguang
Published: January 2025

Surface defects have a serious detrimental effect on the quality of steel. To address the problems of low efficiency and poor accuracy in the manual inspection process, intelligent detection technology based on machine learning has been gradually applied to the detection of steel surface defects. An improved YOLOv8 steel surface defect detection model called YOLOv8-MGVS is designed to address these challenges. The MLCA mechanism in the C2f module is applied to increase the feature extraction ability in the backbone network. The lightweight GSConv and VovGscsp cross-stage fusion modules are added to the neck network to reduce the loss of semantic information and achieve effective information fusion. The self-attention mechanism is exploited into the detection network to improve the detection ability of small targets. Defect detection experiments were carried out on the NEU-DET dataset. Compared with YOLOv8n from experimental results, the average accuracy, recall rate, and frames per second of the improved model were improved by 5.2%, 10.5%, and 6.4%, respectively, while the number of parameters and computational costs were reduced by 5.8% and 14.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the defect detection generalization experiments on the GC-10 dataset and SDD DET dataset confirmed that the YOLOv8-MGVS model has higher detection accuracy, better lightweight, and speed.
WS2/Si3N4-Based Biosensor for Low-Concentration Coronavirus Detection
Authors: Tene Talia , Arias Arias Fabian , Paredes-Páliz Karina I. , Cunachi Pillajo Ana M. , Flores Huilcapi Ana Gabriela , Carrera Almendariz Luis Santiago , Bellucci Stefano
Published: January 2025

This study presents the optimization of two SPR biosensors, Sys3 and Sys5, for SARS-CoV-2 detection at concentrations of 0.01–100 nM. Sys3, with a 55 nm silver layer, a 13 nm silicon nitride layer, and a 10 nm ssDNA layer, achieved a figure of merit (FoM) of 571.24 RIU−1, a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 0.12, and a detection accuracy (DA) of 48.93 × 10−2. Sys5, incorporating a 50 nm silver layer, a 10 nm silicon nitride layer, a 10 nm ssDNA layer, and a 1.6 nm tungsten disulfide layer (L = 2), demonstrated a higher sensitivity of 305.33 °/RIU and a lower limit of detection (LoD) of 1.65 × 10−5. Sys3 outshined in precision with low attenuation (<1%), while Sys5 provided enhanced sensitivity and lower detection limits, crucial for early-stage viral detection. These configurations align with the refractive index ranges of clinical SARS-CoV-2 samples, showcasing their diagnostic potential. Future work will focus on experimental validation and integration into point-of-care platforms.
Research on Forced Vibration Model of End Effector Under Low-Frequency Excitation and Vibration-Suppression Technology
Authors: Li Changqi , Song Henan , Li Ruirui , Wu Jianwei , Shan Xiaobiao , Tan Jiubin
Published: January 2025

The positioning accuracy of the end effector is the core index that affects the robot’s performance. However, to achieve lightweight and functional requirements, the construction of end effectors is becoming more complex. Lightweight design through slotting is becoming more common. This leads to the fact that the traditional mathematical model cannot accurately characterize the vibration of the end effector. This study proposed the multi-stepwise beam model. It employed the separation of variables and element transmitting method to obtain the mathematical model of the modal shape functions and the natural frequencies. Meanwhile, the vibration response of the end effector under fixed-end excitation was analyzed, and the conclusions were made through experimental research. The direct inverse controller was presented to achieve vibration suppression. The experimental results indicate that the amplitude suppression rate reaches 50%. The system’s equations of motion were solved numerically to analyze the exact relationships for the response and excitation of the beam considered.
Molecular Detection of Trypanosomatids in Rodents and Marsupials in the State of Amapá, Brazil
Authors: Pessoa Lourdes Marina Bezerra , Silva Claudia Regina , Sales Kamila Gaudêncio da Silva , Souza Darlison Chagas de , Bonifácio Lucas Lisboa Nunes , Luna Rafaela Lira Nogueira de , Dantas-Torres Filipe , Viana Lúcio André
Published: January 2025

Trypanosomatids of the genera Trypanosoma and Leishmania are parasites of medical and veterinary importance that infect mammals, including humans and domestic and wild animals. Among mammals, rodents and marsupials play a crucial role in maintaining and spreading the zoonotic transmission cycle of these parasites. The present study aimed to detect the natural occurrence of Trypanosoma spp. and Leishmania spp. in rodents and marsupials in the state of Amapá, northern Brazil. In total, 137 samples were analyzed, of which 19 (6 marsupials and 13 rodents) were positive for trypanosomatid DNA. Partial sequences of the 18S rRNA gene of trypanosomatids were obtained from 10 out of 19 positive samples. Specifically, an undescribed Trypanosoma sp. was detected in Marmosa demerarae, Marmosa murina, Zygodontomys brevicauda, and Neacomys paracou. Trypanosoma cruzi was detected in a Philander opossum, whereas sequences close to Trypanosoma wauwau and Trypanosoma freitasi were obtained from Didelphis imperfecta and N. paracou, respectively. Finally, Leishmania (Viannia) sp. was detected in Mesomys hispidus, Hylaeamys megacephalus, and Z. brevicauda. The present study expands the knowledge about marsupials and rodents as hosts of trypanosomatids and emphasizes the need for further studies on the role of these animals as potential reservoirs of these parasites in the Amazon region.
Analysis of Midgut Bacterial Communities in Larvae and Adult Mosquitoes of Aedes aegypti Invaded by Three Different Microorganisms
Authors: Yin Yanan , Liu Yanhui , Fan Jieli , Yu Lingling , Nie Meng , Zhang Zhiqi , Han Qian , Liao Chenghong
Published: January 2025

The midgut microbiota of Aedes aegypti is crucial for the mosquito’s development, nutrition, and immunity. However, its communities are also distinctively influenced by the colonization of different microorganisms, influencing its susceptibility to pathogens and transmission capacity. In this study, we investigated the effects of infections with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Beauveria bassiana on the midgut microbial composition of Ae. aegypti. These microorganisms were inoculated into the midguts of third-instar larvae using a soaking method. Midgut samples were then analyzed through high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing to assess bacterial load and microbiota composition of fourth-instar larvae and female adult mosquitoes. The results reveal that E. coli-colonized fourth-instar larvae (CO_4W) exhibited 20 unique genera, whereas the S. aureus-colonized group (S_4W) had operational taxonomic units assigned to 194 bacterial taxa, including a notable decrease in Elizabethkingia. In addition, B. bassiana infection led to a significant reduction of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica in larvae, decreasing from 42.9% in the control group (CK_4W) to 0.9% in the B. bassiana-infected group (B_4W). Distinct microbial profiles were also compared between adult mosquitoes and fourth-instar larvae. Significant abundance changes were found in Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Proteobacteria among different groups. Metabolic pathway predictions using PICRUSt suggested that microorganism invasion enriched the pathways involved in carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism. This enrichment suggests that the microbiota may undergo specific adaptive responses to pathogen presence. Overall, our results provide new insights into the relationship between the invasion of microorganisms and midgut bacterial communities in mosquitoes.
Electro-Enhanced Gas Fermentation for Bioproduction of Volatile Fatty Acids and Alcohols
Authors: Hiebl Clemens , Fuchs Werner
Published: January 2025

This study investigates sub-stoichiometric electron supply, also termed electro-fermentation, to influence product formation in gas fermentation. Two species, Clostridium carboxidivorans and Alkalibaculum bacchi, as well as a co-culture of A. bacchi and Clostridium kluyveri, were tested in batch cultures with and without an external cell potential of 800 mV. The supplied gas mixture was 50:40:10 N2:H2:CO2. The test unit was a single-chamber reactor with a cathode made from an electrically conducting composite of PP and black carbon. The observed current densities were generally very low, around 0.22 mA/m2. Despite that, a significant and reproducible change in product patterns and formation rates occurred. C. carboxidivorans increased the formation of acetate (+32%), butyrate (+300% relative to the control), and caproate (+600% relative to the control). In a similar manner, A. bacchi produced more acetate (+38%), butyrate (13 times more than the control), and caproate (only observed in the electrified setup). Additional trials using a modified gas phase composition, 80:20 H2:CO2, confirmed the finding that the application of an electric potential enhances chain elongation as well as alcohol formation. Moreover, an experiment with reversed electric polarity showed that a high cathode surface area is essential for inducing metabolic modifications. The results demonstrate that electro-fermentation holds significant potential for improving bioconversion processes aimed at producing green chemicals.
A Simple Technique for Studying the Interaction of Polypropylene-Based Microplastics with Adherent Mammalian Cells Using a Holder
Authors: Obłoza Magdalena , Ścibor Magdalena , Kaczor-Kamińska Marta , Kamiński Kamil
Published: January 2025

Microplastics pose a great challenge to human health and could prove to be the most dangerous environmental contaminant of the 21st century. The study presented here is an attempt at proposing a new methodology for studying the interaction of microplastics with adherent mammalian cells using aides. The disposable holders proposed here provide direct contact between microplastics (with a density lower than that of water) and cells in the course of culturing, which is necessary as we postulate the existence of an interaction. Using several microscopic methods (confocal fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), we have observed that this interaction causes a non-destructive penetration of the cell monolayer and adhesion of microplastics to the cell surface. The Caco-2 cells were used for the experiments. The said cells are the approximation of the digestive system, which, due to the presence of plastics in drinking water, is particularly vulnerable to direct interactions with these contaminants. Model microplastics were obtained by grinding pellets of chemically pure polypropylene. The imaging of cells in both space and on the surface was supplemented by an assay to determine the cell welfare in the studied microplastic-exposed models, which did not show the occurrence of apoptosis or necrosis after a 24 h exposure.
Structural and Transport Properties of Thin InAs Layers Grown on InxAl1−xAs Metamorphic Buffers
Authors: Senesi Giulio , Skibinska Katarzyna , Paghi Alessandro , Shukla Gaurav , Giazotto Francesco , Beltram Fabio , Heun Stefan , Sorba Lucia
Published: January 2025

Indium Arsenide is a III–V semiconductor with low electron effective mass, a small band gap, strong spin–orbit coupling, and a large g-factor. These properties and its surface Fermi level pinned in the conduction band make InAs a good candidate for developing superconducting solid-state quantum devices. Here, we report the epitaxial growth of very thin InAs layers with thicknesses ranging from 12.5 nm to 500 nm grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy on InxAl1−xAs metamorphic buffers. Differently than InAs substrates, these buffers have the advantage of being insulating at cryogenic temperatures, which allows for multiple device operations on the same wafer and thus making the approach scalable. The structural properties of the InAs layers were investigated by high-resolution X-ray diffraction, demonstrating the high crystal quality of the InAs layers. Furthermore, their transport properties, such as total and sheet carrier concentration, sheet resistance, and carrier mobility, were measured in the van der Pauw configuration at room temperature. A simple conduction model was employed to quantify the surface, bulk, and interface contributions to the overall carrier concentration and mobility.
Improving the Oxygen Evolution Reaction Performance of Ternary Layered Double Hydroxides by Tuning All Three Cations’ Electronic Structures
Authors: Nyongombe Gayi , Maaza Malik , Siaj Mohamed , Dhlamini Simon
Published: January 2025

The pursuit of efficient and sustainable hydrogen production is essential in the fight against climate change. One important method for achieving this is the electrolysis of water, particularly through the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Recent studies indicate that trimetallic layered double hydroxides (LDHs) can enhance OER performance compared to bimetallic LDHs. This improvement occurs because the third cation alters the electronic structures of the other two cations, thereby increasing the intermediates’ binding energies and enhancing electrical conductivity. This study proposes an approach enabling the modulation of the electronic structures of all three cations involved in the synthesis of the trimetallic LDHs. It suggested intercalating sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) into the interlayer of the trimetallic NiFe-La-LDH. A successful intercalation of SDS has been confirmed through the XRD, FT-IR, EDS, and XPS. This has expanded the interlayer distance which was beneficial for the electrical conductivity. Furthermore, SDS generated sulphur, which modulated the electronic structures of all three cations enriching the active sites and improving electrical conductivity and OER performance compared to its counterparts. This approach is beneficial: 1. The interlayer can be further enlarged by using different doping ratios of SDS. 2. Sulphur can enrich the active sites and improve the OER performance.
Health on the Pitch: Dietary Habits of Football Referees in Poland
Authors: Szlacheta Patryk , Grajek Mateusz , Gwiszcz Aleksander , Zalejska-Fiolka Jolanta , Zalejska-Fiolka Paulina , Korzonek-Szlacheta Ilona
Published: January 2025

Background: Football referees are pivotal to match regulation, requiring both cognitive and physical abilities comparable to players. Proper nutrition is essential to sustain their intense activity levels, yet dietary habits among referees in Poland are under-researched. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the dietary habits of football referees in Poland, focusing on identifying beneficial and detrimental practices and assessing their impact on professional performance. Material and Methods: A survey-based study was conducted with 258 football referees from Poland between December 2022 and January 2023. The questionnaire assessed demographic data, professional experience, and dietary habits, including meal frequency, food choices, and hydration. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-squared test, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Most referees consumed 4–5 meals daily (63.7%), but irregular meal timing (45.2%) was common, particularly among less-experienced referees. Consumption of fruits and vegetables was limited, with significant age-related differences. Water intake was generally adequate, but hydration strategies during matches varied. Cooking practices revealed a preference for frying (48.1%), reflecting limited awareness of healthier alternatives. Dietary education was highlighted as a key need, especially among referees with lower professional experience. Conclusions: The results of the study clearly indicate significant deficiencies in meal regularity and healthy cooking practices among Polish soccer referees. The findings underscore the need for targeted educational programs that could help improve the health and professional performance of this group, especially in the context of increasing fruit and vegetable consumption and promoting healthier food processing methods.
Dietary Patterns, Kidney Function, and Sarcopenia in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Kim Ji Woo , Yang Soo Jin
Published: January 2025

Sarcopenia is a condition characterized by the loss of muscle mass and function. It is a risk factor for adverse clinical outcomes, including falls, disability, and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The progression of CKD leads to metabolic disturbances and pathophysiological changes. These alterations, such as metabolic acidosis, dysregulated muscle proteostasis, and excessive inflammation, contribute to accelerated muscle wasting, resulting in sarcopenia. Proper nutritional interventions are essential in the management of sarcopenia in patients with CKD. Appropriate dietary intake of protein and specific micronutrients, carefully considering the needs and restrictions of CKD, may help maintain muscle mass and function. Specific dietary patterns, such as an anti-inflammatory diet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet, and a plant-based diet, may be beneficial for attenuating muscle wasting in CKD patients. The underlying mechanisms of how these dietary patterns affect sarcopenia are multifaceted, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and defects in muscle protein homeostasis. This review summarizes the current evidence on the relationship between dietary patterns and sarcopenia, as well as the underlying mechanisms of how dietary patterns modulate sarcopenia in CKD patients.
Astragalin Exerted Hypoglycemic Effect by Both Inhibiting α-Glucosidase and Modulating AMPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Li Qian , Yang Zhangchang , Lu Huijie , Liu Fan , Zhou Donglai , Zou Yuxiao
Published: January 2025

Background: The hypoglycemic activity of mulberry leaf polyphenols has been widely studied, while its mechanism of action needs further elucidation. Methods: The inhibitory activity mechanism of astragalin on α-glucosidase was investigated with a combination of multispectroscopic techniques and molecular docking. The hypoglycemic pathway was further revealed with a high-glucose human hepatocellular carcinomas (HepG2) cell model. Results: The results indicated that astragalin inhibited α-glucosidase with IC50 of 154.5 µM, which was the highest in potency among the main polyphenols from mulberry leaves. Astragalin could bind to α-glucosidase with a single inhibition site and quench its endofluorescence with a static quenching mechanism. Astragalin changed the secondary structure of α-glucosidase, and the decreased α-helix content, representing the un-folding conformation, resulted in the decreased activity. The molecular docking further indicated that two sustainable hydrogen bonds were generated between astragalin and α-glucosidase residue Ser-88 and Tyr-133. The main driving forces to form the astragalin-α-glucosidase complex were the van der Waals force and hydrogen bond. Astragalin at a concentration of 80 µg/mL obtained the best hypoglycemic effect by activating the Adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. Conclusions: This study provides new insights into the potential utilization of astragalin-rich foods in the improvement of diabetes mellitus.
Ligilactobacillus salivarius PS11610 Enhances the Fertilization Success of IVF: A Preliminary Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Raimundo Miguel , Rodrigues Patrícia , Esteban Sergio , Espinosa-Martos Irene , Jiménez Esther
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Infertility affects couples at reproductive age, with in vitro fertilization (IVF) being the most effective treatment. Success rates of IVF are influenced by several factors, including a healthy female reproductive system microbiome, which can improve implantation rates and pregnancy outcomes. This study evaluated the impact of Ligilactobacillus salivarius PS11610 on IVF outcomes. This strain showed antimicrobial activity against pathogens related to dysbiosis, commonly observed in women undergoing assisted reproductive treatment. Results: The administration of L. salivarius PS11610 at a dose of 1 × 109 CFU every 12 h for at least one month before IVF procedures, particularly in the frozen embryo transfer (FET) group, appears to enhance the success rate of IVF. IVF procedures without embryo transfer showed no significant differences between the groups. However, there were statistically significant differences in the quality of embryos, specifically in category 2, which were higher in the group without L. salivarius PS11610 supplementation (p = 0.042). Similar results were seen in the IVF with embryo transfer group, where the quality of embryos in categories 2 and 3 was higher in the group without L. salivarius PS11610 (p = 0.019 and p = 0.05, respectively). IVF with FET showed notable improvements, where intake of L. salivarius PS11610 was associated with a significant increase in live birth infants (26.4% with L. salivarius PS11610 vs. 17.9% without, p = 0.034) and higher biochemical pregnancy rates (42.6% vs. 34%, p = 0.071). Conclusions: Despite some differences in embryo quality, the overall positive impact on pregnancy and birth outcomes highlights L. salivarius PS11610 as a promising supplement in assisted reproductive treatments.
The Effects of a Food Supplement, Based on Co-Micronized Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA)–Rutin and Hydroxytyrosol, in Metabolic Syndrome Patients: Preliminary Results
Authors: Cornali Kevin , Di Lauro Manuela , Marrone Giulia , Masci Claudia , Montalto Giulia , Giovannelli Alfredo , Schievano Carlo , Tesauro Manfredi , Pieri Massimo , Bernardini Sergio , Noce Annalisa
Published: January 2025

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients have impaired hypothalamic regulatory functions involved in food intake and energy expenditure and suffer from a state of meta-inflammation. Pre-clinical studies demonstrated that ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) acts both on the adipose tissue and the central nervous system, while hydroxytyrosol (HTyr) counteracts several types of dysmetabolism. Objectives: The aim of our randomized crossover double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study was to evaluate the potential effects of a food supplement (FS) containing a co-micronized formulation of PEA and rutin along with HTyr, combined with a tailored calorie-controlled Mediterranean diet, in patients with MetS. Methods: Nineteen patients were enrolled and block-randomized to an eight-week MD together with the FS or placebo. After a two-week washout period, the treatments were reversed. Data on laboratory parameters and those detected by capillary sampling, anthropometry, body composition analysis, ultrasound examination, blood pressure monitoring, the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire, handgrip strength test, and physical performance tests were collected at each time point (protocol code R.S. 262.22, registered on 20 December 2022). Results: At the end of the study, patients supplemented with the FS showed a significant reduction in body weight, body mass index, fat mass, and inflammation biomarkers (CRP and ESR), compared to placebo-supplemented patients. In contrast, the fat-free mass, phase angle, and body cell mass were increased in FS compared to placebo patients. Conclusions: Although preliminary, the results of our clinical study suggest that co-micronized PEA–rutin and HTyr may be of help against adiposopathy in patients with MetS.
Enhanced Immune Functions of In Vitro Human Natural Killer Cells and Splenocytes in Immunosuppressed Mice Supplemented with Mature Silkworm Products
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Thi Tam , Jang Byungki , Kim Seong-Ruyl , Kang Sang-Kuk , Kim Kee-Young , Kim Yoo Hee , Koh Young Ho
Published: January 2025

Objectives: The immune-enhancing properties of steamed mature silkworm, known as HongJam (HJ), were investigated using human interleukin-2-independent Natural Killer 92 (NK92-MI) cells and a cyclophosphamide intraperitoneal injection-induced immunosuppressed mice model (CPA-IP). White Jade variety mature silkworm HJ (WJ-HJ) was used to prepare WJ-HJ supercritical fluid extracts (WJ-SCE) and WJ-HJ-supplemented feeds. Results: Treatment with WJ-SCE significantly enhanced proliferation, migration, and cytotoxicity of NK92-MI cells against various cancer cells while improving mitochondrial function and ATP production (p < 0.05). In CPA-IP mice, consumption of WJ-HJ-supplemented feeds restored immune function by improving body weight, immune organ indices, immunoglobulin levels, and blood cytokines. Splenocyte proliferation and cytotoxicity were significantly elevated in both saline intraperitoneal injection (Sal-IP) and CPA-IP groups with WJ-HJ supplementation, independent of mitogen activation (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These results suggest that WJ-HJ enhances immune modulation and immune surveillance functions of NK cells by improving mitochondrial and cytotoxic functions. WJ-HJ holds promise as a functional food for immune enhancement, pending clinical validation.
Scoping Review on Ethical Considerations in Research on the Work–Family Interaction Process
Authors: Valencia-Contrera Miguel , Rivera-Rojas Flérida , Villa-Velásquez Jenifer , Cancino-Jiménez Daniella , Vallejos-Vergara Solange , Febré Naldy
Published: January 2025

Background: The complex nature of the work–family interaction process means special ethical considerations are required in its study. Symphonology can guide ethical analysis in this area, as it pertains to the study of agreements and the elements necessary to form them. Objective: Our objective was to analyze the ethical considerations involved in the development of research on the work–family interaction process via symphonological bioethical theory. Methods: A scoping review was conducted by consulting the following databases: Web of Science (WoS), SCOPUS, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, and Business Source Ultimate. Given the small number of studies identified in the field, we did not discriminate by years of publication and included articles of any design that addressed ethical considerations in research on the work–family interaction process or that were related to the topic, including manuscripts in Spanish, English, and Portuguese. Results: The ethical analysis of research on the work–family interaction process requires us to consider the participant’s multi-role status as a “worker,” including their inherent relationships with their environment, such as colleagues and supervisors, and as a member of a “family” unit. The various factors involved in the work–family interaction “context” must be analyzed within the context of situation, knowledge, and awareness. Based on the review findings, a list of recommendations was developed focused on planning, data collection, and result presentation. Key points include the provision of psychological support when the research involves sensitive data; the notification of authorities upon identifying offenses such as workplace abuse or domestic violence; and ensuring confidentiality of participation. Conclusions: This review provided answers to the proposed objective, concluding that the symphonological nursing bioethics theory, through its conception and statements, guides researchers to make decisions in the context of research development in the work–family interaction process.
Impact of Surgical Timing on Outcomes in Neonatal Inguinal Hernia Repairs: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alqahtany Leen Yahya , Alsharif Arwa , Alsharif Abdulaziz , Alanazi Omar , Altaf Manaf , Kaleemullah Ahlam , Alsaedi Lana , Wasaya Hanan Ismail , Alharbi Abrar Hassan , Bawazir Osama
Published: January 2025

Inguinal hernia repair (IHR) is a common surgical procedure among neonates and infants; the time of surgery is one of the major factors affecting its outcomes. Our systematic review aims to evaluate the effects of surgical timing on outcomes in inguinal hernia repairs in the newborn and infant population to establish evidence-based guidelines for optimal surgical timing. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases, following PRISMA guidelines. Studies evaluating neonates and infants undergoing IHR with outcomes of recurrence, complications, and postoperative recovery were included. Data were collaboratively extracted, including patient demographics, surgical approaches, perioperative complications, and long-term outcomes. Early repair (0–28 days of life) decreased the risk of hernia incarceration but also increased the risk of preoperative complications. Delayed repair (29 days to 1 year of life) showed fewer preoperative complications but increased the risk of incarceration. The outcomes were affected by variables including patient maturity and comorbidities, along with hernia severity. Neonates with a high risk for incarceration are best treated with early repair, while stable infants can be managed safely with delayed repair. More randomized trials are needed to develop standardized guidelines that balance the associated risks of neonatal versus infant repair strategies to maximize benefits.
MicroRNA-197-3p Transfection: Variations in Cardiomyocyte Gene Expression with Anaesthetics Drugs in a Model of Hypoxia/Reperfusion
Authors: Guerrero-Orriach Jose Luis , Carmona-Luque Maria Dolores , Rodriguez-Capitan Maria Jose , Quesada-Muñoz Guillermo
Published: January 2025

Background: Our research team analyzed the microRNA (miRNA)-197-3p involved in cardioprotection, and we demonstrated that the overexpression of miRNA-197-3p could be linked to a higher risk of cardiac damage. Recent research indicated that miRNA-197-3p inhibits the effector proteins of the anaesthetic preconditioning mechanism of halogenated drugs. In this scenario, we proposed to determine the role of miRNA-197-3p in cardiac injury and its effects on myocardial conditioning under halogenated exposure. Hypothesis: Patients having myocardial revascularization surgery have increased heart damage due to postoperative miRNA-197-3p upregulation. Methods: Human cardiac myocytes (HCMs) were used in an in vitro hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R) model. The miRNA-197-3p-MIMIC was transfected into the HCMs. Three H/R-induced HCM groups were performed: negative MIMIC-control transfected, MIMIC transfected, and non-transfected. Each H/R cell group was exposed to Propofol (P), Sevoflurane (S), or non-exposed. Healthy cell cultures were the control group. ELISA assays were used to assess the Akt1 and p53 cell secretion capacity, and the Next Generation Sequencing assay was used to measure the differential expression of miRNA targets. Results: The secretion capacity of H/R-induced HCMs transfected with the MIMIC was higher under sevoflurane exposure regarding Akt-1 cytokine (I/R + S: 0.80 ± 0.06 ng/mL; I/R + P: 0.45 ± 0.28 ng/mL; p > 0.05), and lower regarding p53 cytokine (I/R + S: 38.62 ± 6.93 ng/mL; I/R + P: 43.34 ± 15.20 ng/mL; p > 0.05) compared to propofol. In addition, a significant gene overexpression of five miRNAs, in the sevoflurane group, was linked to cardioprotection: miRNA-29-3p, 24-3p, 21-3p, 532, and miRNA-335-5p. Conclusions: miRNA-197-3p inhibits the cardioprotection induced by halogenated exposure and can be considered a biomarker of cardiac damage. Additional research is required to validate our findings in other clinical settings.
Current and Emerging Treatment Options for Hypertriglyceridemia: State-of-the-Art Review
Authors: Zimodro Jakub Michal , Rizzo Manfredi , Gouni-Berthold Ioanna
Published: January 2025

Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is associated with a residual risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Extremely elevated triglyceride (TG) concentrations, particularly due to familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS), pose a risk for acute pancreatitis. Standard therapies with statins, fibrates, omega-3 fatty acids, and niacin may be insufficient to reduce elevated TG levels and improve clinical outcomes in patients with HTG. Novel antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering ribonucleic acids target the key modulators of TG-rich lipoprotein catabolism. Among apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) inhibitors, olezarsen and plozasiran appear to be safer alternatives for volanesorsen regarding the risk of drug-induced thrombocytopenia in patients with FCS or severe HTG. After the failure of vupanorsen, a new angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) inhibitor, zodasiran, demonstrated the potential to decrease TG levels in patients with moderate HTG. Meanwhile, the fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) analog, pegozafermin, became another candidate for the treatment of severe HTG. This comprehensive review outlines pharmacological targets in TG-rich lipoprotein metabolism, discusses international guidelines, and summarizes the latest evidence from clinical trials to provide insight into the current and emerging treatment options for primary HTG.
Topical Application of Manuka Honey for the Treatment of Non-Healing Venous Leg Ulcers
Authors: Kucharzewski Marek , Spyrka Kinga , Rojczyk Ewa , Brela Jakub
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Issues related to the chronic venous leg ulcer (VLU) treatment and prevention of recurrences remain the subject of research, but so too do common clinical problems in daily medical practice. Due to its medicinal properties, Manuka honey is increasingly used in the treatment of wounds of various origins. The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of Manuka honey for the topical treatment of non-healing, chronic, venous leg ulcers. Methods: Eighty patients with chronic VLU participated in the study and were randomized into two equinumerous groups. In group 1, patients were treated with topical Manuka honey application and short stretch bandage compression, whereas, in group 2, antimicrobial calcium alginate wound dressing + Ag was used instead of Manuka honey. The efficacy of both treatment methods was compared. Results: The ulcerations in patients from group 1 have healed completely after up to seven weeks of therapy in all cases. In contrast, in all patients from group 2, the healing process was longer but completed successfully after up to 14 weeks of the therapy. The process of wound cleaning from microorganisms was also faster in group 1, as well as the reduction in ulcer area during treatment. Conclusions: It was found that the topical administration of Manuka honey may be a promising alternative to traditional methods of non-healing VLU treatment.
Three-Dimensional-Printed Osteochondral Scaffold with Biomimetic Surface Curvature for Osteochondral Regeneration
Authors: Yang Yan , Lin Qu , Hou Zhenhai , Yang Gensheng , Shen Lian
Published: January 2025

Objectives: Treatment of osteochondral defects is hindered by several challenges, including the failure of traditional scaffolds with a predefined cylindrical or cuboid shape to comprehensively match the natural osteochondral tissue. Herein, we employed reverse modeling and three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies to prepare subchondral bone and cartilage. Methods: The osteochondral scaffold was prepared by bonding the subchondral bone and cartilage layers, and the curvature distribution and biomechanical behavior were compared with those of the native tissue. Biocompatibility and osteochondral regeneration performance were further evaluated using cell adhesion and proliferation assays, as well as animal osteochondral defect repair tests. Results: We found that increasing the printing temperature or decreasing the layer height improved the dimensional accuracy of printed subchondral bones, whereas increasing the exposure time or decreasing the layer height enhanced the dimensional accuracy of the printed cartilage. Biomimetic scaffolds exhibited curvature distribution and biomechanical behavior more similar to native tissues than traditional cylindrical scaffolds. Incorporating gelatin methacryloyl into poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate markedly improved the biocompatibility, and correspondingly prepared osteochondral scaffolds had better osteochondral regeneration ability than the traditional scaffolds. Conclusions: Osteochondral scaffolds exhibiting biomimetic morphology and an internal structure could be prepared based on reverse modeling and 3D printing, facilitating personalized osteochondral injury treatment.
Experimental Investigation of a Hybrid S-Band Amplifier Based on Two Parametric Wavelength Converters and an Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier
Authors: Guo Cheng , Shamsshooli Afshin , Vasilyev Michael , Akasaka Youichi , Palacharla Paparao , Sugizaki Ryuichi , Takasaka Shigehiro
Published: January 2025

Multi-band optical communication presents a promising avenue for the significant enhancement of fiber-optic transmission capacity without incurring additional costs related to new cable deployment via the utilization of the bandwidth beyond the established C&L bands. However, a big challenge in its field implementation lies in the high cost and suboptimal performance of optical amplifiers, stemming from the underdeveloped state of rare-earth-doped fiber-optic amplifier technologies for these bands. Fiber-optic parametric amplifiers provide an alternative for wideband optical amplification, yet their low power efficiency limits their practical use in the field. In this paper, we study a hybrid optical amplifier that combines the excellent power efficiency of rare-earth-doped amplifiers with broadband wavelength conversion capability of parametric amplifiers. It uses wavelength converters to shift signals between the S- and L-bands, amplifying them with an L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier, and converting them back to the S-band. We experimentally demonstrate such a hybrid S-band amplifier, characterize its performance with 16-QAM input signals, and evaluate its power efficiency and four-wave-mixing-induced crosstalk. This hybrid approach paves the way for scalable expansion of optical communication bands without waiting for advancements in rare-earth-doped amplifier technology.
Equivalent Phase Shift Induced by Longitudinal Temperature Distribution in Pumped DFB Fiber Laser
Authors: Liu Wen , Gu Hongcan , Zhang Su , Pang Yandong , Yao Gaofei , Han Hongwei , Huang Junbing
Published: January 2025

The pump heating effect of DFB fiber laser is normally ignored due to the short length of the laser cavity. However, by fabricating a phase-shifted FBG on high concentration Er-Yb codoped fiber to obtain a 16 mm long DFB fiber laser, the gradient surface temperature distributions along the active grating with different pump powers were observed. The average surface temperature rose by 16.82 K with a variation of less than 1.11 K, and the position with the highest temperature moved towards the center of the grating by 5.5 mm, when the pump power was increased from 0 mW to 191.6 mW. The transmission spectrum of the active phase-shifted FBG at different pump powers were measured, and an additional drift of the transmission peak in the stopband was testified. It was identified as an equivalent phase shift up to −0.1 π, which was induced by the gradient longitudinal temperature distribution. Considering that the initial phase shift of the grating was about 1.15 π, the increasing chirp of the active grating due to the pump heating could compensate the phase shift deviation from π surprisingly. The experimental results coincided with the simulation results by using the transmission matrix method under the assumption of piecewise-uniform structure for the chirped phase-shifted grating. The modified model of the active phase-shifted FBG reveals the difference between the cool cavity and the hot cavity at different pump powers, which may be used as a self-optimization mechanism for DFB fiber laser operation.