bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An exploratory study on the evolution of Android malware quality
Authors: Mercaldo Francesco , Di Sorbo Andrea , Visaggio Corrado Aaron , Cimitile Aniello , Martinelli Fabio
Published: August 2018

In the context of software engineering, product software quality measures how well a software artifact is designed and coded. Software products must satisfy nonfunctional properties (eg, reliability, usability, understandability, and maintainability), in order to make maintenance and evolution sustainable in the long period. Software evolution is an issue of interest for the malware writers, too, for 2 reasons. First, to evade detection with the minimum effort, malware writers use to produce “variants,” which are obtained by applying little changes to existing malware. Morevoer, recent studies demonstrated that malware is increasingly improving evasion strategies and infection mechanisms and is using more and more complex payloads. This suggests that malware writers are devoting relevant efforts and skills for producing high‐quality software. For this reason, we wonder whether malware writers are devoting effort to improve the structural quality of their code, too, as it happens in the development of goodware. To investigate this question, we (1) characterize a dataset containing about 20 000 Android applications, divided into goodware and malware ones, relying on the Android API version they require, and (2) compute software quality metrics, divided into 4 categories (ie, dimensional, complexity, object‐oriented, and Android‐oriented metrics) for apps belonging to each population. We then identify evolution trends of these metrics in malware and goodware. The results of our study demonstrate that goodware and malicious applications exhibit similar evolution trends for some of the quality indicators, suggesting that malware writers care about the overall quality of their code. Code quality could be considered an indirect measure of how many and how fast variants of existing malware will be released in the wild.
Education and family health care spending
Authors: Monheit Alan C. , Grafova Irina B.
Published: August 2018

Michael Grossman's seminal work on the demand for health extended the concept of a household production function to the commodity “good health.” In this framework, education represents an “environmental variable” that enhances the monetary returns to investments in health through the use of time and medical care in health production. Using data from the 2004 to 2012 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), we examine the association between parental education and family health care spending in single‐mother and two‐parent families. We estimate one‐ and two‐part expenditure models for total family health care spending, for specific components of such spending, and also examine the impact of parental education on selected measures of family health. Controlling for family income and health insurance status, we find consistent evidence that parental education beyond 12 years of schooling is associated with increases in family health care spending and with reductions in the likelihood of adverse health conditions.
A middleware solution for integrating and exploring IoT and HPC capabilities
Authors: de Souza Cimino Leonardo , de Resende José Estevão Eugênio , Silva Lucas Henrique Moreira , Rocha Samuel Queiroz Souza , de Oliveira Correia Matheus , Monteiro Guilherme Souza , de Souza Fernandes Gabriel Natã , da Silva Moreira Renan , de Silva Junior Guilherme , Santos Matheus Inácio Batista , Aquino Andre Luiz Lins , Almeida André Luís Barroso , de Castro Lima Joubert
Published: August 2018

Even with the considerable advances in the development of middleware solutions, there is still a substantial gap in Internet of Things (IoT) and high‐performance computing (HPC) integration. It is not possible to expose services such as processing, storage, sensing, security, context awareness, and actuating in a unified manner with the existing middleware solutions. The consequence is the utilization of several solutions with their particularities, thus requiring different skills. Besides that, the users have to solve the integration and all heterogeneity issues. To reduce the gap between IoT and HPC technologies, we present the JavaCá&Lá (JCL), a middleware used to help the implementation of distributed user‐applications classified as IoT‐HPC. This ubiquity is possible because JCL incorporates (1) a single application programming interface to program different device categories; (2) the support for different programming models; (3) the interoperability of sensing, processing, storage, and actuating services; (4) the integration with MQTT technology; and (5) security, context awareness, and actions services introduced through JCL application programming interface. Experimental evaluations demonstrated that JCL scales when doing the IoT‐HPC services. Additionally, we identify that customized JCL deployments become an alternative when Java‐Android and vice‐versa code conversion is necessary. The MQTT brokers usually are faster than JCL HashMap sensing storage, but they do not perform distributed, so they cannot handle a huge amount of sensing data. Finally, a short example for monitoring moving objects exemplifies JCL facilities for IoT‐HPC development.
‘Niklas Luhmann before Relational Sociology: The Cybernetics Roots of Systems Theory’
Authors: Guy Jean‐Sébastien
Published: August 2018

This article is meant as an intervention in a special context currently taking shape: in recent years, we have observed the rise of relational sociology and within this paradigm, we can witness the re‐emergence of Niklas Luhmann's systems theory. This is worth mentioning since the latter has been largely neglected by other sociologists until now. This article supports this re‐emergence and, in an effort to make it easier, it explains how Luhmann developed his systems theory by borrowing key elements from the cybernetics movement. These elements revolve around the concept of self‐reference. The article discusses the meaning of self‐reference in light of four figures: self‐regulation, self‐organization, self‐observation and self‐production. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shear behaviour of girders with trapezoidal corrugated steel webs – an experimental study
Authors: Zhang Boshan , Chen Weizhen , Xu Jun
Published: August 2018

Scherverhalten von Balken mit Stegen aus Trapezblech – eine experimentelle Studie. In Forschungsarbeiten zum Scherverhalten von Balken mit Trapezblechstegen kommen gegenwärtig üblicherweise numerische Analysen mit der Finite‐Elemente‐Methode und kleinmaßstäbliche Versuche zur Anwendung. Allerdings können diese beiden Methoden kaum die Auswirkungen von Konstruktionsfehlern in realen Tragwerken berücksichtigen. Außerdem wurden in den meisten Studien an Balken mit Trapezblechstegen Doppel‐T‐Träger mit senkrechten Stegen und dünnen Flanschen als Forschungsobjekte verwendet, die ungeeignet sind, Balken mit geneigten Stegen oder Verbundgurten zu repräsentieren. Deshalb wurde ein Balken mit Trapezblechsteg und geneigten Flanschen im Originalmaßstab geprüft. Untersucht wurden der Versagensmodus und die Scherfestigkeit des Balkens. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Querkrafttragfähigkeit der Flansche nicht vernachlässigt werden darf. Die Out‐of‐Plane‐Verformung beginnt aufgrund anfänglicher geometrischer Unvollkommenheiten mit der Belastung des Stegs. Knickversagen tritt in denjenigen Bereichen auf, in denen die Out‐of‐Plane‐Verformung am schnellsten fortschreitet.
Instandsetzung und Ertüchtigung des Mülheimer Brückenzuges in Köln
Authors: Kratzke Bastian , Uphoff Henning , Hanke Silja
Published: August 2018

Herrn Dipl.‐Ing., Dr.‐Ing. E. h. Reiner Saul zur Vollendung des 80. Lebensjahres gewidmet

Der Mülheimer Brückenzug, bestehend aus Deichbrücke, Flutbrücke, Strombrücke und Rechtsrheinischer Rampe, ist die nördlichste innerstädtische Rheinquerung in Köln. Die Querung ist nicht nur für den motorisierten Individualverkehr von großer Bedeutung, sondern überführt auch Geh‐ und Radwege sowie zwei Straßenbahnlinien der Kölner Verkehrsbetriebe (KVB). Nach nun mehr als 60‐jähriger Standzeit sind Instandsetzungs‐ und Ertüchtigungsmaßnahmen erforderlich, um den Brückenzug trotz gestiegener Verkehrszahlen weiter nutzen zu können. Je nach Zustand der Bestandsbauwerke müssen angepasste Lösungen gefunden werden; die Strombrücke wird instandgesetzt und über ihre ursprüngliche Tragfähigkeit verstärkt, die Flutbrücke wird instandgesetzt und erhält neue Gehweg‐Kragarme, für die Deichbrücke und die Rechtsrheinische Rampe sind Ersatzneubauten erforderlich.

In diesem Beitrag wird auf die Arbeiten an den drei Stahlbrücken (Deich‐, Flut‐ und Strombrücke) eingegangen, wobei der Fokus auf der als erdverankerte Hängebrücke ausgeführten Strombrücke liegt.
Sanierung und Erweiterung Haus des Landtags von Baden‐Württemberg, Tragwerksplanung
Authors: Hahn Michael , Madeja Kilian , Bacher Adelheid , Maier Markus
Published: August 2018

Herrn Dipl.‐Ing., Dr.‐Ing. E. h. Reiner Saul zur Vollendung des 80. Lebensjahres gewidmet

Das Gebäude des Landesparlaments Baden‐Württemberg erscheint nach einer mehrjährigen Umbauphase äußerlich nahezu unverändert, lediglich der größtenteils unterirdische Anbau des neuen Bürger‐ und Medienzentrums (BuMZ) wird mit seiner Agora im Akademiegarten als Veränderung erkannt. Allerdings sind die Veränderungen innerhalb des Landtagsgebäudes umso deutlicher sichtbar, insbesondere die Ergebnisse der Eingriffe in die tragende Konstruktion des Plenarsaales. Dieser war in seiner ursprünglichen Konzeption seiner Erbauer ein hermetisch durch weitspannende Stahlbetonbauteile begrenztes Raumvolumen ohne Tageslichtbezug, wie auch ohne Möglichkeit einer Sichtbeziehung nach draußen oder drinnen. In einem eigens dafür ausgelobten Architektenwettbewerb sollten die Parlamentarier endlich „Licht und Sicht” in und aus dem Plenarsaal erhalten.

Die dafür umgesetzten baulichen Eingriffe in das Tragwerk des unter Denkmalschutz stehenden Hauses des Landtags (HdL) von Baden‐Württemberg sowie die umfangreichen Vorkehrungen und Überlegungen zur Sicherung der Bauzustände sind Hauptthema dieses Beitrags.

Darüber hinaus werden die Konstruktion der innovativen Lichtdecke im Plenarsaal sowie die Ganzglas‐Aufzugseinhausung am Zugang des BuMZ beschrieben. Beides sind bauaufsichtlich nicht geregelte, neuartige Sonderkonstruktionen und erforderten Einzelfall‐Zustimmungen (ZiE) der zuständigen Baubehörde.

Bei den beschriebenen baulichen Eingriffen handelt es sich im Wesentlichen um die Schaffung großer Wandöffnungen in den Plenarsaalwänden für Transparenz und Sichtbeziehungen, die Herstellung großer Öffnungen in die Plenarsaaldecke für Tageslichtbezug und Lichtlenkelemente, den Umbau des Plenarsaalbodens für eine stufenfreie Ausbaufläche im Plenarsaal, die Herstellung eines Zugangs im Untergeschoss des Landtaggebäudes zum neuen BuMZ sowie den Einbau eines neuen Aufzugsschachtes im Landtagsgebäude für den barrierefreien Zugang zum BuMZ.
Der Ersatzneubau der Sinntalbrücke
Authors: Anistoroaiei Christian , Heymel Ulrich , Jung Rolf
Published: August 2018

Herrn Dipl.‐Ing., Dr.‐Ing. E. h. Reiner Saul zur Vollendung seines 80. Lebensjahres gewidmet

Die neue Sinntalbrücke im Zuge der BAB A7 wurde als Ersatzneubau direkt neben der alten Brücke errichtet. Die insgesamt 755 m lange Brücke überspannt das Tal mit 8 Feldern mit Spannweiten von 59 bis 107 m in bis zu 45 m Höhe. Die Herstellung der leichten Stahlkonstruktion erfolgte im Taktschiebeverfahren. Die Betonfahrbahnplatte wurde im Pilgerschrittverfahren hergestellt. Dieser Aufsatz behandelt den Sonderentwurf einer wirtschaftlichen und eleganten Stahlverbundbrücke sowie die wesentlichen Schritte und Besonderheiten zur Herstellung des Bauwerkes.
Der deutsche Pavillon auf der Expo '67 Montreal – eine vorgespannte Seilnetzkonstruktion
Authors: Leonhardt Fritz , Egger H. , Haug E.
Published: August 2018

Faksimile aus „Der Stahlbau 37 (1968), H. 4, S. 97–106”
Active tugger line force control for single blade installation
Authors: Ren Zhengru , Jiang Zhiyu , Gao Zhen , Skjetne Roger
Published: August 2018

Single blade installation is one of the methods for installing large wind turbine blades at an offshore site. During this installation, each blade is lifted by the main crane from the deck of an installation vessel or a transportation barge with blade root approaching the hub. The blade root is then bolted to the hub. The final mating phase is critical and requires high precision. Tugger lines from the crane boom are connected to the suspended blade to reduce pendulum motions. The entire process is typically completed without active tugger line force control. Due to wind‐induced blade loads, strict requirement on installation precision, and the limitations imposed by the lifting equipment, the single blade installation operations are subject to weather constraints. Therefore, developing techniques to reduce the blade motions and consequently shorten the installation time is desired. In this paper, an active control scheme is proposed to control the tugger line forces acting on a blade during the final installation stage before mating. A simplified three degree‐of‐freedom blade installation model is developed for the control design. An extended Kalman filter is used to estimate the blade motions and wind velocities. Feedback linearization and pole placement techniques are applied for the design of the controller. Simulations under turbulent wind conditions are conducted to verify the active control scheme, which effectively reduces the blade root motions in the wind direction.
Unconventional RNA‐binding proteins step into the virus–host battlefront
Authors: Garcia‐Moreno Manuel , Järvelin Aino I. , Castello Alfredo
Published: August 2018

The crucial participation of cellular RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) in virtually all steps of virus infection has been known for decades. However, most of the studies characterizing this phenomenon have focused on well‐established RBPs harboring classical RNA‐binding domains (RBDs). Recent proteome‐wide approaches have greatly expanded the census of RBPs, discovering hundreds of proteins that interact with RNA through unconventional RBDs. These domains include protein–protein interaction platforms, enzymatic cores, and intrinsically disordered regions. Here, we compared the experimentally determined census of RBPs to gene ontology terms and literature, finding that 472 proteins have previous links with viruses. We discuss what these proteins are and what their roles in infection might be. We also review some of the pioneering examples of unorthodox RBPs whose RNA‐binding activity has been shown to be critical for virus infection. Finally, we highlight the potential of these proteins for host‐based therapies against viruses.

This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications

RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA–Protein Complexes
Syntheses, Characterization, and Crystal Structures of two Oxovanadium(V) Complexes with Insulin‐like Activity
Authors: Guo Sihan , Sun Nan , Ding Yanwei , Li Ang , Jiang Yumin , Zhai Wenqi , Li Zhiwen , Qu Dan , You Zhonglu
Published: August 2018

Two new oxovanadium(V) complexes, [VOL(mat)] (1) and [VOL(Et‐mat)] (2) (mat = maltolate, Et‐mat = ethyl maltolate), where L is the dianionic form of N′‐(3‐ethoxy‐2‐hydroxybenzylidene)‐3‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxybenzohydrazide (H2L), were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV/Vis, and 1H NMR spectra. The structures of the compounds were further confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The hydrazone ligand coordinates to the V atoms through the phenolate oxygen, imino nitrogen, and enolate oxygen. The maltolate and ethyl maltolate ligands coordinated to the V atoms through the carbonyl oxygen and deprotonated hydroxyl oxygen. The V atom in each complex is in octahedral coordination. The complexes were administered intragastrically to both normal and alloxan‐diabetic mice for two weeks. The biological activity results show that the complexes at doses of 10.0 and 20.0 mg V·kg–1, can significantly decrease the blood glucose level in alloxan‐diabetic mice, but the blood glucose level in the treated normal mice was not altered.
On the systematic uncertainties in DUNE and their role in New Physics studies
Authors: Meloni D.
Published: August 2018

Abstract

In the recent years experiments have established the existence of neutrino oscillations and most of the oscillation parameters have been measured with a good accuracy. The search for New Physics in neutrino oscillation will be an experimental concrete possibility in the next future. In this paper we investigate the ability of the DUNE facility to search for Non Standard Interaction (NSI) in neutrino propagation in matter, emphasizing the role of different assumptions on the shape and absolute normalization errors of both ν

e
and ν

μ
signals. We also study in detail the effects of NSI and systematics in the extraction of standard oscillation parameters.
On the Noether charge and the gravity duals of quantum complexity
Authors: Fan Zhong-Ying , Guo Minyong
Published: August 2018

Abstract

The physical relevance of the thermodynamic volumes of AdS black holes to the gravity duals of quantum complexity was recently argued by Couch et al. In this paper, by generalizing the Wald-Iyer formalism, we derive a geometric expression for the thermodynamic volume and relate its product with the thermodynamic pressure to the non-derivative part of the gravitational action evaluated on the Wheeler-DeWitt patch. We propose that this action provides an alternative gravity dual of the quantum complexity of the boundary theory. We refer this to “complexity=action 2.0” (CA-2) duality. It is significantly different from the original “complexity=action” (CA) duality as well as the “complexity=volume 2.0” (CV-2) duality proposed by Couch et al. The latter postulates that the complexity is dual to the spacetime volume of the Wheeler-DeWitt patch. To distinguish our new conjecture from the various dualities in literature, we study a number of black holes in Einstein-Maxwell-Dilation theories. We find that for all these black holes, the CA duality generally does not respect the Lloyd bound whereas the CV-2 duality always does. For the CA-2 duality, although in many cases it is consistent with the Lloyd bound, we also find a counter example for which it violates the bound as well.
Assessment of the Correlation Between Preoperative and Immediate Postoperative Gastric Volume and Weight Loss After Sleeve Gastrectomy Using Computed Tomography Volumetry
Authors: Elbanna Hosam , Emile Sameh , El‐Hawary Galal El‐Sayed , Abdelsalam Noha , Zaytoun Hossam Abdelhafiz , Elkaffas Haitham , Ghanem Ahmed
Published: August 2018

Background

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has achieved excellent results in treatment of morbid obesity. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of the preoperative gastric volume, volume of the remaining gastric pouch, and volume of the resected stomach on weight loss after LSG.

Methods

Patients with morbid obesity who underwent LSG were investigated by CT volumetry before and 1 week after LSG to measure the volume of the stomach before and after the procedure, and the volume of the resected stomach was also calculated. The percentage of excess weight loss (EWL) and decrease in body mass index (BMI) at 6 months postoperatively were measured and correlated with preoperative and postoperative gastric volumes.

Results

Forty‐seven patients (44 females) were included to the study. A significant decrease in the gastric volume and BMI after LSG was noted. Preoperative gastric volume was positively correlated with preoperative BMI (r = 0.723, p < 0.00001) but not correlated with %EWL at 6 months. The volume of the remaining gastric pouch was positively correlated with BMI at 6 months postoperatively (r = 0.597, p < 0.00001) and negatively correlated with %EWL (r = −0.7495, p < 0.00001). The correlation between the size of resected stomach and %EWL was statistically insignificant, yet the mean percentage of the resected stomach was directly correlated to %EWL.

Conclusion

The preoperative volume of the stomach was positively correlated with baseline BMI, but not correlated with %EWL. The size of the remaining gastric pouch and the percentage of the resected stomach had significant impact on %EWL after LSG.
EU pharmacovigilance regulatory requirements of anticancer biosimilar monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Francescon Sara , Fornasier Giulia , Baldo Paolo
Published: August 2018

An increasing number of innovative oncology monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been introduced into the global market, and biosimilar versions have now also been approved in Europe. Being complex to develop and difficult to manufacture, the biosimilar is a drug similar but not identical in physicochemical characteristics, efficacy, and safety to an original biological drug already approved in the European Union, for which marketing exclusivity rights have expired. Generally, the safety monitoring of biosimilars follows the same requirements that apply to all biologicals, even if specific pharmacovigilance measures exist and some of them are still being debated. The manufacturing process, immunogenicity, traceability, and extrapolation of indication are keywords which may impact on the achievement of additional knowledge about the safety of a biosimilar mAb. In this article, we aim to discuss elements that play a central role in the pharmacovigilance legislation of biosimilar mAbs.
Pharmacovigilance workflow in Europe and Italy and pharmacovigilance terminology
Authors: Baldo Paolo , Francescon Sara , Fornasier Giulia
Published: August 2018

The terminology used in pharmacovigilance can cause confusion, because there are similar terms that describe different phenomena (e.g. adverse reactions, adverse drug reactions, and side effects). Incorrect use of terminology can have negative effects on the reporting of adverse drug reactions and on the interpretation of these reports. To explain the most common terms used in pharmacovigilance, this article first describes the pharmacovigilance workflow process in the European Union and, as an example, in Italy. Then, the article reviews common pharmacovigilance terms.
Melatonin and Comorbidities in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Gagnon Katia , Godbout Roger
Published: August 2018

Purpose of Review

Melatonin is used to treat sleep difficulties associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). There are growing evidence that melatonin could have an effect on other symptoms than sleep, such as anxiety, depression, pain, and gastrointestinal dysfunctions. Interestingly, these symptoms frequently are found as comorbid conditions in individuals with ASD. We aimed to highlight the potential effect of melatonin on these symptoms.

Recent Findings

Animal and human studies show that melatonin reduces anxiety. Regarding the effect of melatonin on pain, animal studies are promising, but results remain heterogeneous in humans. Both animal and human studies have found that melatonin can have a positive effect on gastrointestinal dysfunction.

Melatonin has the potential to act on a wide variety of symptoms associated with ASD. However, other than sleep difficulties, no studies exist on melatonin as a treatment for ASD comorbid conditions. Such investigations should be on the research agenda because melatonin could improve a multitude of ASD comorbidities and, consequently, improve well-being.
Changes to sleep‐wake behaviors are associated with trajectories of pubertal timing and tempo of secondary sex characteristics☆
Authors: Foley Joan E. , Ram Nilam , Susman Elizabeth J. , Weinraub Marsha
Published: August 2018

We examined relations between sleep‐wake behaviors and pubertal development from age 8.5 through 15.5 years in a US‐based sample of 488 boys (75% White) and 478 girls (78% White). Applying conditional nonlinear growth models to 7‐waves of longitudinal data, we examined how sleep‐wake behaviors are related to individual differences in the developmental timing and tempo of secondary sex characteristics. For girls, results supported the hypothesis that circadian changes in bedtimes, wake times, sleep duration, and eveningness preference were uniquely related to development of discrete aspects of secondary sex characteristics. For boys, the hypothesis was generally not supported. Different endocrine systems related to discrete secondary sex characteristics may be responsible for more relations between sleep and pubic hair development than for breast or genital development. Further research into associations between adrenarche and sleep during puberty may help researchers understand more about the origins and timing of adolescent sleep changes.
Asset supply networks in humanitarian operations: A combined empirical‐simulation approach
Authors: Stauffer Jon M. , Pedraza‐Martinez Alfonso J. , Yan Lu (Lucy) , Van Wassenhove Luk N.
Published: August 2018

International humanitarian organizations (IHOs) respond to mega disasters while maintaining development programs in the rest of the world (ROW). This means an IHO's asset supply network must perform the challenging task of supporting a fast disaster response while simultaneously maintaining cost‐effective ROW development programs. We study how supply network asset flows are impacted during a mega disaster response and find that resource fluidity, the capability to reallocate resources quickly, impacts both mega disaster and ROW program asset flows within these supply networks. Using data from a large IHO's response to a mega disaster and econometric models, we find a dependency between ROW asset flow and mega disaster asset flow in IHOs with resource fluidity. As mega disaster flow increases, there is a decrease in hub‐to‐hub ROW asset flows and an increase in other ROW asset flows. This is contrary to most humanitarian operations research, which typically assumes independent asset flows. Because of resource fluidity, the combination of these flows does not compromise ROW operations. We use these empirical results to feed a simulation analysis that extends our research to IHOs without resource fluidity and provides actionable insights for varying types of IHOs in various demand scenarios. Simulation insights illustrate that resource fluidity impacts IHO asset supply network costs and optimal configurations.
Introductory Econometrics for Finance
Authors: Brooks Chris
Published: August 2018

This bestselling and thoroughly classroom-tested textbook is a complete resource for finance students. A comprehensive and illustrated discussion of the most common empirical approaches in finance prepares students for using econometrics in practice, while detailed case studies help them understand how the techniques are used in relevant financial contexts. Worked examples from the latest version of the popular statistical software EViews guide students to implement their own models and interpret results. Learning outcomes, key concepts and end-of-chapter review questions (with full solutions online) highlight the main chapter takeaways and allow students to self-assess their understanding. Building on the successful data- and problem-driven approach of previous editions, this third edition has been updated with new data, extensive examples and additional introductory material on mathematics, making the book more accessible to students encountering econometrics for the first time. A companion website, with numerous student and instructor resources, completes the learning package.
Set Theory
Authors: Cunningham Daniel W.
Published: August 2018

Set theory is a rich and beautiful subject whose fundamental concepts permeate virtually every branch of mathematics. One could say that set theory is a unifying theory for mathematics, since nearly all mathematical concepts and results can be formalized within set theory. This textbook is meant for an upper undergraduate course in set theory. In this text, the fundamentals of abstract sets, including relations, functions, the natural numbers, order, cardinality, transfinite recursion, the axiom of choice, ordinal numbers, and cardinal numbers, are developed within the framework of axiomatic set theory. The reader will need to be comfortable reading and writing mathematical proofs. The proofs in this textbook are rigorous, clear, and complete, while remaining accessible to undergraduates who are new to upper-level mathematics. Exercises are included at the end of each section in a chapter, with useful suggestions for the more challenging exercises.
From chemical analysis of the body...to metabolic insights provided by the new methodology
Authors: Jebb Susan A.
Published: August 2018

It is by no means an exaggeration to say that Dr Widdowson is one of the pioneers of body composition research and her studies in the 1940s and 1950s have laid the foundations of body composition science today. These have included both animal and human studies, although this paper will focus only on the latter. Together with Professor McCance and Christine Spray she was responsible for the analysis of three entire adult human cadavers and that of a 4-year-old child (Widdowson et al. 1951). Further work with Dr Dickerson explored the composition of specific tissues and organs of the body (Widdowson & Dickerson, 1964). These studies provide some of the best direct data on human body composition. Moreover the findings from this work form the basis of the indirect techniques which are used so widely today.
Le quasi-réalisme et l’argument de la coïncidence
Authors: ROCHELEAU-HOULE DAVID
Published: August 2018

Dans cet article, je réponds à la critique de Sharon Street contre le quasi-réalisme, selon laquelle les quasi-réalistes doivent accepter qu’il existe une coïncidence inexpliquée entre les vérités normatives et nos attitudes évaluatives. Je soutiens que ce problème ne peut être appliqué au quasi-réalisme, car l’élément essentiel pour qu’il puisse s’appliquer — un engagement ontologique envers des entités normatives robustes — ne se retrouve pas dans cette théorie. C’est ce qui permet aux quasi-réalistes de défendre une conception minimaliste des vérités normatives et ainsi d’échapper à l’argument de la coïncidence.
The computational power of timed P systems with active membranes using promoters
Authors: LUO YUEGUO , TAN HAIJUN , ZHANG YING , JIANG YUN
Published: August 2018

P systems with active membranes are a class of bioinspired computing models, where the rules are used in the non-deterministic maximally parallel manner. In this paper, first, a new variant of timed P systems with active membranes is proposed, where the application of rules can be regulated by promoters with only two polarizations. Next, we prove that any Turing computable set of numbers can be generated by such a P system in the time-free way. Moreover, we construct a uniform solution to the$\mathcal{SAT}$problem in the framework of such recognizer timed P systems in polynomial time, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed system is demonstrated by an instance. Compared with the existing methods, the P systems constructed in our work require fewer necessary resources and RS-steps, which show that the solution is effective toNP-complete problem.
Managing Wicked Herbicide-Resistance: Lessons from the Field
Authors: Schroeder Jill , Barrett Michael , Shaw David R. , Asmus Amy B. , Coble Harold , Ervin David , Jussaume Raymond A. , Owen Micheal D. K. , Burke Ian , Creech Cody F. , Culpepper A. Stanley , Curran William S. , Dodds Darrin M. , Gaines Todd A. , Gunsolus Jeffrey L. , Hanson Bradley D. , Jha Prashant , Klodd Annie E. , Kniss Andrew R. , Leon Ramon G. , McDonald Sandra , Morishita Don W. , Schutte Brian J. , Sprague Christy L. , Stahlman Phillip W. , Steckel Larry E. , VanGessel Mark J.
Published: August 2018

Herbicide resistance is ‘wicked’ in nature; therefore, results of the many educational efforts to encourage diversification of weed control practices in the United States have been mixed. It is clear that we do not sufficiently understand the totality of the grassroots obstacles, concerns, challenges, and specific solutions needed for varied crop production systems. Weed management issues and solutions vary with such variables as management styles, regions, cropping systems, and available or affordable technologies. Therefore, to help the weed science community better understand the needs and ideas of those directly dealing with herbicide resistance, seven half-day regional listening sessions were held across the United States between December 2016 and April 2017 with groups of diverse stakeholders on the issues and potential solutions for herbicide resistance management. The major goals of the sessions were to gain an understanding of stakeholders and their goals and concerns related to herbicide resistance management, to become familiar with regional differences, and to identify decision maker needs to address herbicide resistance. The messages shared by listening-session participants could be summarized by six themes: we need new herbicides; there is no need for more regulation; there is a need for more education, especially for others who were not present; diversity is hard; the agricultural economy makes it difficult to make changes; and we are aware of herbicide resistance but are managing it. The authors concluded that more work is needed to bring a community-wide, interdisciplinary approach to understanding the complexity of managing weeds within the context of the whole farm operation and for communicating the need to address herbicide resistance.
Managing Herbicide Resistance: Listening to the Perspectives of Practitioners. Procedures for Conducting Listening Sessions and an Evaluation of the Process
Authors: Schroeder Jill , Barrett Michael , Shaw David R. , Asmus Amy B. , Coble Harold , Ervin David , Jussaume Raymond A. , Owen Micheal D. K. , Burke Ian , Creech Cody F. , Culpepper A. Stanley , Curran William S. , Dodds Darrin M. , Gaines Todd A. , Gunsolus Jeffrey L. , Hanson Bradley D. , Jha Prashant , Klodd Annie E. , Kniss Andrew R. , Leon Ramon G. , McDonald Sandra , Morishita Don W. , Schutte Brian J. , Sprague Christy L. , Stahlman Phillip W. , Steckel Larry E. , VanGessel Mark J.
Published: August 2018

Seven half-day regional listening sessions were held between December 2016 and April 2017 with groups of diverse stakeholders on the issues and potential solutions for herbicide-resistance management. The objective of the listening sessions was to connect with stakeholders and hear their challenges and recommendations for addressing herbicide resistance. The coordinating team hired Strategic Conservation Solutions, LLC, to facilitate all the sessions. They and the coordinating team used in-person meetings, teleconferences, and email to communicate and coordinate the activities leading up to each regional listening session. The agenda was the same across all sessions and included small-group discussions followed by reporting to the full group for discussion. The planning process was the same across all the sessions, although the selection of venue, time of day, and stakeholder participants differed to accommodate the differences among regions. The listening-session format required a great deal of work and flexibility on the part of the coordinating team and regional coordinators. Overall, the participant evaluations from the sessions were positive, with participants expressing appreciation that they were asked for their thoughts on the subject of herbicide resistance. This paper details the methods and processes used to conduct these regional listening sessions and provides an assessment of the strengths and limitations of those processes.
Das Stigma von Suchterkrankungen verstehen und überwinden
Authors: Schomerus Georg , Bauch Alexandra , Elger Bernice , Evans-Lacko Sara , Frischknecht Ulrich , Klingemann Harald , Kraus Ludwig , Kostrzewa Regina , Rheinländer Jakob , Rummel Christina , Schneider Wiebke , Speerforck Sven , Stolzenburg Susanne , Sylvester Elke , Tremmel Michael , Vogt Irmgard , Williamson Laura , Heberlein Annemarie , Rumpf Hans-Jürgen ,   In Zusammenarbeit mit der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Suchtforschung und Suchttherapie (DG Sucht)
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Stigmatisierung schadet den Betroffenen und verstärkt Suchtprobleme. Sie ist ein Hindernis auf dem Weg zur Hilfe, führt zu schlechterer Behandlung und vergrößert die sozialen und gesundheitlichen Folgen einer Suchtkrankheit. Das gilt sowohl für die individuellen Folgen als auch für die gesellschaftlichen einschließlich der öffentlichen Gesundheitskosten. Zudem ist Stigmatisierung ein ethisches Problem, weil sie eine bestimmte Gruppe benachteiligt und die Menschenwürde der Betroffenen angreift. Ein stigmafreier Umgang mit Suchtkrankheiten ist möglich. Entstigmatisierung bedeutet, bessere Lösungen für Suchtprobleme zu finden und verfügbar zu machen. Nicht Abwertung, Ausgrenzung und Disziplinierung, sondern Wertschätzung und Befähigung (Empowerment) müssen im Zentrum von Prävention, Behandlung sowie dem alltäglichen Umgang mit Suchtkrankheiten stehen.
Unknown and Under-Researched: The Anatomy of Drinking Under Control Programs
Authors: Klingemann Harald , Klingemann Justyna
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Introduction: While alcohol treatment predominantly focuses on abstinence, drug treatment objectives include a variety of outcomes related to consumption and quality of life. Consequently harm reduction programs tackling psychoactive substances are well documented and accepted by practitioners, whereas harm reduction programs tackling alcohol are under-researched and met with resistance. Method: The paper is mainly based on key-person interviews with eight program providers conducted in Switzerland in 2009 and up-dated in 2015, and the analysis of reports and mission statements to establish an inventory and description of drinking under control programs (DUCPs). A recent twin program in Amsterdam and Essen was included to exemplify conditions impeding their implementation. Firstly, a typology based on the type of alcohol management, the provided support and admission criteria is developed, complemented by a detailed description of their functioning in practice. Secondly, the case studies are analyzed in terms of factors promoting and impeding the implementation of DUCPs and efforts of legitimize them and assess their success. Results: Residential and non-residential DUCPs show high diversity and pursue individualized approaches as the detailed case descriptions exemplify. Different modalities of proactively providing and including alcohol consumption are conceptualized in a wider framework of program objectives, including among others, quality of life and harm reduction. Typically DUCPs represent an effort to achieve public or institutional order. Their implementation and success are contingent upon their location, media response, type of alcohol management and the response of other substance-oriented stake holders in the treatment system. The legitimization of DUCPs is hampered by the lack of evaluation studies. DUCPs rely mostly – also because of limited resources – on rudimentary self-evaluations and attribute little importance to data collection exercises. Conclusions: Challenges for participants are underestimated and standard evaluation methodologies tend to be incompatible with the rationale and operational objectives of DUCPs. Program-sensitive multimethod approaches enabled by sufficient financing for monitoring and accompanying research is needed to improve the practice-oriented implementation of DUCPs. Barriers for these programs include assumptions that ‘alcohol-assisted’ help abandons hope for recovery and community response to DUCPs as locally unwanted institutions (‘not in my backyard’) fuelled by stigmatization.
Amokläufe an Schulen durch Außenstehende – Psychiatrische Auffälligkeiten und Risikomarker
Authors: Hoffmann Jens , Allwinn Mirko
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung. Fragestellung: In der vorliegenden Studie wurden drei Fälle von Amokläufen an deutschen Schulen durch erwachsene Außenstehende, die zwischen 1913 und 1983 stattfanden, identifiziert und detailliert untersucht. Inwiefern spielen bei den Tätern psychiatrische Aspekte eine Rolle, vor allem wahnhafter oder depressiver Natur, und inwieweit waren im Vorfeld der Tat Risikosignale erkennbar, die auch für präventive Ansätze genutzt werden können? Methodik: Für die zweite Fragestellung der Identifizierung möglicher Risikoindikatoren wurde das Modell der Warnverhalten-Typologie herangezogen, welches insgesamt acht Faktoren umfasst. Ergebnisse: Psychiatrische Auffälligkeiten bestanden in allen drei Fällen, querulatorische Verhaltensweisen traten zu 66 % auf. Die Faktoren der Warnverhalten- Typologie ließen sich in folgender Häufigkeit finden: Weg zur Gewalt (100 %), Fixierung (100 %), Identifizierung (33 %), neu auftretende Formen von Aggression (33 %), Energieschub (33 %), Leakage (66 %), letzter Ausweg (66 %), direkte Drohungen (0 %). Schlussfolgerung: Mit Blick auf das markante Muster auffälliger Verhaltensweisen und psychiatrischer Erkrankungen erscheint für die Prävention solcher und anderer Formen schwerer Gewalt ein regionales und interdisziplinäres Bedrohungsmanagement der bislang vielversprechendste Ansatz zu sein, der einen fachlichen Rahmen und wissenschaftlich fundierte Instrumente und Vorgehensweisen anbietet.
Strukturen zur Identifikation, Bewertung und Intervention krisenhafter Entwicklungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Sommer Friederike , Fiedler Nora , Leuschner Vincenz , Scheithauer Herbert
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung. Das Programm NETWASS bietet Schulen ein wissenschaftlich fundiertes Präventionsverfahren zur frühzeitigen Identifikation, Bewertung und Intervention von krisenhaften Entwicklungen in Richtung einer schweren, schulischen Gewalttat. Durch die Einschätzung verhaltensbasierter Krisensymptome, Belastungsbedingungen und Schutzfaktoren soll zudem die Analyse gewaltunspezifischer Krisen des Jugendalters ermöglicht werden. Das Verfahren wurde durch die Fortbildung schulinterner Krisenpräventionsteams an 98 Schulen implementiert. Innerhalb des siebenmonatigen Erhebungszeitraums konnte qualitatives Material über 99 Fälle krisenhafter Entwicklungsverläufe an 59 Schulen generiert werden. Drei Projektmitarbeiter analysierten das Material hinsichtlich der gemeldeten Verhaltensindikatoren und eingeleiteten Maßnahmen. Aufgrund theoretischer Überlegungen wurden die Fälle hinsichtlich ihres potenziellen Eskalationsniveaus in drei Risikogruppen aufgeteilt und den gewählten Maßnahmen gegenübergestellt. Die explorative Analyse der von Schulmitarbeitern weitergeleiteten Fälle zeigte ein breites Spektrum an Krisensymptomen und Belastungsfaktoren, wobei in der Mehrzahl der Fälle von aggressiven Verhaltensweisen berichtet wurde. Insgesamt wurden acht Fälle weitergeleitet, die auf ein erhöhtes Eskalationsrisiko hinweisen. Die Schulmitarbeiter reagierten auf die Krisen der Schüler in der Regel mit ressourcenstärkenden, schulinternen Maßnahmen (Schüler-, und Elterngespräche etc.), eine Vermittlung an Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatern/-psychotherapeuten erfolgte selten und eher bei Fällen mit hohem Eskalationsrisiko. Die Deskription der Schülerkrisen und der eingeleiteten Maßnahmen gibt einen Überblick darüber mit welchen Fällen Schulen und in der Folge auch medizinisch-psychologisches Fachpersonal konfrontiert sein können.
Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen
Authors: Tebartz van Elst Ludger , Biscaldi Monica , Riedel Andreas
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung. Autismus ist zugleich ein mediales Modethema und eine vernachlässigte Entität insbesondere in der Erwachsenenpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie. Das liegt vor allem daran, dass hochfunktionale Varianten schnell übersehen werden, wenn Kliniker und Therapeuten mit dem Phänotyp nicht vertraut sind. Vor allem in solch hochfunktionalen Varianten repräsentiert eine autistische Persönlichkeitsstruktur oft eine Basisstörung für sich daraus sekundär entwickelnde Depressionen, Angsterkrankungen und Persönlichkeitsstörungen. Aber auch bei psychotischen und Zwangsstörungen stellt der Autismus eine wichtige Differentialdiagnose dar. Die richtige Diagnose ist Voraussetzung für die Entwicklung eines angemessenen Selbst- und Krankheitskonzepts sowie eine differenzierte und kausal ausgerichtete Therapieplanung.
Wechselwirkungen zwischen Arbeit, Persönlichkeit und psychischer Gesundheit
Authors: Hentrich Stephan , Zimber3 Andreas , Sosnowsky-Waschek Nadia , Kellner Michael , Petermann Franz
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht Interaktionseffekte zwischen prämorbider Persönlichkeit und Arbeitsanforderungen in Verbindung mit Burnout und depressiven Symptomen. Durch dieses Vorgehen wird die Frage beantwortet, welchen Stellenwert das Zusammenspiel von Person und Umwelt im Hinblick auf die psychische Gesundheit für Führungskräfte hat. An der multizentrischen Studie beteiligten sich 252 Führungskräfte, die wegen Burnout bzw. depressiven Symptomen behandelt wurden. Die Analyse der Daten mittels (moderierter) hierarchischer Regressionsanalysen zeigt, dass prämorbider Neurotizismus den positiven Zusammenhang zwischen Arbeitsanforderungen und depressiven Symptomen verstärkt. Prämorbide Frustrationstoleranz hingegen schwächt diesen Zusammenhang ab. Für Burnout finden sich keine signifikanten Effekte. Die Studie zeigt somit auf, dass Persönlichkeitsmerkmale Einfluss darauf nehmen, wie häufig depressive Symptome erlebt werden und sogar die Zusammenhänge zwischen Arbeitsanforderungen und der psychischen Gesundheit beeinflussen können. Bei sehr hohen Arbeitsanforderungen treten trotz stressreduzierender Persönlichkeitsmerkmale starke gesundheitliche Beeinträchtigungen auf. Dies unterstreicht die Bedeutung sowohl von Arbeitsbedingungen als auch von Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen bei der Entstehung von depressiven Symptomen.
Dinosaur-Killing Asteroid Impact Made Huge Dead Zones in Oceans
Authors: Joel Lucas
Published: August 2018

The discovery reveals similarities between the extinction event that ended the Mesozoic Era and human-driven global warming.