bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward regulating biodegradation in stages of polyurethane copolymers with bicontinuous microphase separation
Authors: Wang Man , Liu Hong-Ying , Ke Neng-Wen , Wu Gang , Chen Si-Chong , Wang Yu-Zhong
Published: March 2023

Controlling degradation of biodegradable polymers in stages by constructing separated bicontinuous microphases with different degradation rates.
Light-induced bi-directional switching of thermal conductivity in azobenzene-doped liquid crystal mesophases
Authors: Varela-Domínguez Noa , López-Bueno Carlos , López-Moreno Alejandro , Claro Marcel S. , Rama Gustavo , Leborán Víctor , Giménez-López María del Carmen , Rivadulla Francisco
Published: March 2023

UV-Vis light irradiation induces a fast, bidirectional switching of thermal conductivity in doped liquid crystals.
Morphogenesis of leaves: from initiation to the production of diverse shapes
Authors: Peng Ziyuan , Jiao Yuling , Wang Ying
Published: March 2023

The manner by which plant organs gain their shape is a longstanding question in developmental biology. Leaves, as typical lateral organs, are initiated from the shoot apical meristem that harbors stem cells. Leaf morphogenesis is accompanied by cell proliferation and specification to form the specific 3D shapes, with flattened lamina being the most common. Here, we briefly review the mechanisms controlling leaf initiation and morphogenesis, from periodic initiation in the shoot apex to the formation of conserved thin-blade and divergent leaf shapes. We introduce both regulatory gene patterning and biomechanical regulation involved in leaf morphogenesis. How phenotype is determined by genotype remains largely unanswered. Together, these new insights into leaf morphogenesis resolve molecular chains of events to better aid our understanding.
cGAS–STING signalling in cancer: striking a balance with chromosomal instability
Authors: Beernaert Bruno , Parkes Eileen E.
Published: March 2023

Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer that drives tumour evolution. It is now recognised that CIN in cancer leads to the constitutive production of misplaced DNA in the form of micronuclei and chromatin bridges. These structures are detected by the nucleic acid sensor cGAS, leading to the production of the second messenger 2′3′-cGAMP and activation of the critical hub of innate immune signalling STING. Activation of this immune pathway should instigate the influx and activation of immune cells, resulting in the eradication of cancer cells. That this does not universally occur in the context of CIN remains an unanswered paradox in cancer. Instead, CIN-high cancers are notably adept at immune evasion and are highly metastatic with typically poor outcomes. In this review, we discuss the diverse facets of the cGAS–STING signalling pathway, including emerging roles in homeostatic processes and their intersection with genome stability regulation, its role as a driver of chronic pro-tumour inflammation, and crosstalk with the tumour microenvironment, which may collectively underlie its apparent maintenance in cancers. A better understanding of the mechanisms whereby this immune surveillance pathway is commandeered by chromosomally unstable cancers is critical to the identification of new vulnerabilities for therapeutic exploitation.
Single-molecule tracking (SMT): a window into live-cell transcription biochemistry
Authors: Dahal Liza , Walther Nike , Tjian Robert , Darzacq Xavier , Graham Thomas G.W.
Published: March 2023

How molecules interact governs how they move. Single-molecule tracking (SMT) thus provides a unique window into the dynamic interactions of biomolecules within live cells. Using transcription regulation as a case study, we describe how SMT works, what it can tell us about molecular biology, and how it has changed our perspective on the inner workings of the nucleus. We also describe what SMT cannot yet tell us and how new technical advances seek to overcome its limitations. This ongoing progress will be imperative to address outstanding questions about how dynamic molecular machines function in live cells.
Comparison between dicode PPM and offset PPM enhancement with different error correction codes
Authors: Al‐batoosh Ahmed H. , Al‐Nedawe Basman M. , Hussein Yasmeen M.
Published: March 2023

Offset pulse position modulation (OPPM) and Dicode pulse position modulation (DiPPM) have been introduced as new attractive modulation techniques, however, they are suffering from erasure, wrong slot, and false alarm errors. in this paper, two types of error correction (EC) codes, Low‐Density Parity Check (LDPC) code and Reed Solomon (RS) code, where paired the OPPM and DiPPM systems to reduce bugs, analyze the best EC parameters, and choose the superlative EC system. In other words, the performance of OPPM engaging LDPC codes and DiPPM employing LDPC codes will be compared against the OPPM engaging RS codes and DiPPM employing RS codes. To systematically carry out this comparison, numbers of photons, transmission efficiency, and the code rate are computed. The evaluation has stated that the data transmission rate at the start has indicated that OPPM with LDPC requires only 1.2 × 103 photons/pulse compared to the necessity of 1.821 × 103 photons/pulse when the DiPPM used LDPC. Accordingly, the transmission efficiency has been increased due to a reduction of number of photons. Also, the coded OPPM with LDPC codes is better than the coded DiPPM with LDPC codes when operating at a code rate that is approximately 0.7.
Blockchain interoperability: the state of heterogenous blockchain‐to‐blockchain communication
Authors: Kotey Seth Djanie , Tchao Eric Tutu , Ahmed Abdul‐Rahman , Agbemenu Andrew Selasi , Nunoo‐Mensah Henry , Sikora Axel , Welte Dominik , Keelson Eliel
Published: March 2023

Blockchain technology has been increasingly adopted over the past few years since the introduction of Bitcoin, with several blockchain architectures and solutions being proposed. Most proposed solutions have been developed in isolation, without a standard protocol or cryptographic structure to work with. This has led to the problem of interoperability, where solutions running on different blockchain platforms are unable to communicate, limiting the scope of use. With blockchains being adopted in a variety of fields such as the Internet of Things, it is expected that the problem of interoperability if not addressed quickly, will stifle technology advancement. This paper presents the current state of interoperability solutions proposed for heterogenous blockchain systems. A look is taken at interoperability solutions, not only for cryptocurrencies, but also for general data‐based use cases. Current open issues in heterogenous blockchain interoperability are presented. Additionally, some possible research directions are presented to enhance and to extend the existing blockchain interoperability solutions. It was discovered that though there are a number of proposed solutions in literature, few have seen real‐world implementation. The lack of blockchain‐specific standards has slowed the progress of interoperability. It was also realized that most of the proposed solutions are developed targeting cryptocurrency‐based applications.
Learnings from Rolls‐Royce hybrid propulsion systems in flight testing of High Power, High Scalability Hybrid Powertrain aircraft
Authors: Bodolai Péter , Vörösváczki Attila , Bihari Gábor , Fási Szabolcs , Szabó Péter , Koltai Zoltán
Published: March 2023

This article describes the collaborative efforts between Tecnam, Rolls‐Royce, and Rotax to equip a 4‐seat Tecnam P2010 aircraft with a parallel hybrid‐electric powertrain, the first of its kind ever developed for general aviation, to help reduce fuel consumption while maintaining, and even extending, the aircraft range. The High Power, High Scalability Hybrid Powertrain project set out to design, build, ground‐test and demonstrate in a flight campaign such a propulsion system. Creating a parallel hybrid‐electric drive system, which brings together the electric and combustion engine worlds, creates a completely new set of challenges in the design, assembly, operation, and safety assurance of aircraft which must be addressed for a successful business proposition. The article reflects on some of the challenges faced as this innovative and scalable powertrain was developed on the road to minimise emissions in the aviation industry.
Hierarchical cooperative eco‐driving control for connected autonomous vehicle platoon at signalized intersections
Authors: Wu Simin , Chen Zheng , Shen Shiquan , Shen Jiangwei , Guo Fengxiang , Liu Yonggang , Zhang Yuanjian
Published: March 2023

Vehicles in the platoon can sufficiently incorporate the information via V2X communication to plan ecological speed trajectories and pass the intersection smoothly. Most existing eco‐driving studies mainly focus on the optimal control of a single vehicle at an individual signalized intersection, while rarely involving the cooperative optimization of a group of vehicles at successive signalized intersections. In this study, a hierarchical cooperative eco‐driving control for a connected autonomous vehicle (CAV) platoon is proposed to enhance traffic mobility and energy efficiency, wherein the velocity trajectory of the leading vehicle at each isolated signalized intersection is planned using the pseudo‐spectral method, and then the cooperative optimization of following vehicles in the platoon is conducted via rolling optimization, with the aim of improving driving comfort, safety and energy economy for the platoon. The simulation results highlight that the proposed hierarchical cooperative eco‐driving strategy can lead to preferable vehicle‐following behaviours and platoon driving performance, and the overall energy consumption and trip time of vehicle platoon are respectively reduced by 26.10% and 2.83%, compared with that under manual driving. Furthermore, the overall energy economy is promoted by 4.95% and 4.60%, compared with cooperative adaptive cruise control and intelligent driver model‐based platoon control strategies.
Coordinated emergency control strategy of high‐voltage direct current transmission and energy storage system based on Pontryagin minimum principle for enhancing power system frequency stability
Authors: Chen Xiaojing , Dong Haiying , Zhang Yu , Che Yulong , Chen Longyu , Huang Amin
Published: March 2023

With the increase of the proportion of renewable energy sources, the rotational inertia of the power system decreases, which results in the risk of frequency instability increasing. Based on Pontryagin minimum principle, this paper presents a systematic emergency control strategy by coordinating the active power of voltage source converter based high‐voltage direct current transmission (VSC‐HVDC) and energy storage system (ESS) to improve the system frequency stability, reduce the operation cost of VSC‐HVDC and ESS and implement energy management of ESS. In the stage of frequency fall, a hierarchical control strategy is proposed to prevent the frequency from dropping below the preset threshold value and achieve the optimal distribution of support power between VSC‐HVDC and ESS. For the system level, the total optimal power support trajectory of VSC‐HVDC and ESS is optimized by the Gaussian pseudospectral method with the minimum total control energy, considering the constraints of frequency. For the station level, the power references of VSC‐HVDC/ESS are determined by the model predictive controller (MPC), with the minimum frequency deviation of the non‐disturbed system connected to VSC‐HVDC, control cost of VSC‐HVDC and loss cost of ESS. In the stage of frequency recovery, an energy recovery control strategy is designed to aim at quickly recovering energy of ESS while considering the minimum frequency limit. Finally, the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed strategy are verified in the improved IEEE 39 bus system and a real‐power system.
Development of wire length measuring equipment for prefabricated erection of transmission lines
Authors: Li Xiaobin , Liu Baojun , Yao Pan , Wen Hongbing , Zheng Riping
Published: March 2023

The existing prefabricated wireline construction technology is difficult to accurately measure the real‐time length of the deployed wires, resulting in too large construction errors and cannot be popularized and applied. To this end, a length measuring device that can accurately measure the length of the wire during the construction of the prefabricated wire is developed. In terms of the hardware of the length measuring equipment, based on the construction characteristics of the prefabricated wiring and the characteristics of the wire, the photoelectric encoder and the STC8G series single‐chip microcomputer are used to complete the collection and processing of the wire length data, and the mature and stable LoRa technology is used to complete the wireless transmission of the data. In terms of software program of length measurement equipment, the measurement of wire length data, transmission, and interaction of control command signals are realized by optimizing length measurement scheme, interface development of terminal equipment, and information interaction program design. Finally, according to the actual working conditions of the prefabricated wiring construction, the mechanical structure of the length measuring equipment is designed, and the assembly is completed. The developed length measuring equipment has been successfully applied to practical projects. According to the wire length measuring equipment, the deviation between the observation sag and the design sag after the wire length is measured by the wire length measuring equipment is 2.0%, which meets the design requirement of ±2.5%.
Hot Exoplanet Atmospheres Resolved with Transit Spectroscopy (HEARTS)
Authors: Steiner M. , Attia M. , Ehrenreich D. , Lendl M. , Bourrier V. , Lovis C. , Seidel J. V. , Sousa S. G. , Mounzer D. , Astudillo-Defru N. , Bonfils X. , Bonvin V. , Dethier W. , Heng K. , Lavie B. , Melo C. , Ottoni G. , Pepe F. , Ségransan D. , Wyttenbach A.
Published: March 2023

Context. The HEARTS survey aims to probe the upper layers of the atmosphere by detecting resolved sodium doublet lines, a tracer of the temperature gradient, and atmospheric winds. KELT-10b, one of the targets of HEARTS, is a hot-inflated Jupiter with 1.4 RJup and 0.7 MJup. Recently, there was a report of sodium absorption in the atmosphere of KELT-10b (0.66% ± 0.09% (D2) and 0.43% ± 0.09% (D1)); VLT/UVES data from single transit).

Aims. We searched for potential atmospheric species in KELT-10b, focusing on sodium doublet lines (Na I; 589 nm) and the Balmer alpha line (Hα; 656 nm) in the transmission spectrum. Furthermore, we measured the planet-orbital alignment with the spin of its host star.

Methods. We used the Rossiter-McLaughlin Revolutions technique to analyze the local stellar lines occulted by the planet during its transit. We used the standard transmission spectroscopy method to probe the planetary atmosphere, including the correction for telluric lines and the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect on the spectra. We analyzed two new light curves jointly with the public photometry observations.

Results. We do not detect signals in the Na I and H α lines within the uncertainty of our measurements. We derive the 3σ upper limit of excess absorption due to the planetary atmosphere corresponding to equivalent height Rp to 1.8Rp (Na I) and 1.9Rp (H α). The analysis of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect yields the sky-projected spin-orbit angle of the system λ = −5.2 ± 3.4° and the stellar projected equatorial velocity υeqsin i⋆ = 2.58 ± 0.12 km s−1. Photometry results are compatible within 1σ with previous studies.

Conclusions. We found no evidence of Na I and H α, within the precision of our data, in the atmosphere of KELT-10b. Our detection limits allow us to rule out the presence of neutral sodium or excited hydrogen in an escaping extended atmosphere around KELT-10b. We cannot confirm the previous detection of Na I at lower altitudes with VLT/UVES. We note, however, that the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect impacts the transmission spectrum on a smaller scale than the previous detection with UVES. Analysis of the planet-occulted stellar lines shows the sky-projected alignment of the system, which is likely truly aligned due to tidal interactions of the planet with its cool (Teff < 6250 K) host star.
A spectacular jet from the bright 244–440 Orion proplyd: The MUSE NFM view
Authors: Kirwan A. , Manara C. F. , Whelan E. T. , Robberto M. , McLeod A. F. , Facchini S. , Beccari G. , Miotello A. , Schneider P. C. , Murphy A. , Vicente S.
Published: March 2023

In this work we present the highest spatial and spectral resolution integral field observations to date of the bipolar jet from the Orion proplyd 244–440 using Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) narrow-field mode (NFM) observations on the Very Large Telescope (VLT). We observed a previously unreported chain of six distinct knots in a roughly S-shaped pattern, and by comparing them with Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images we estimated proper motions in the redshifted knots of 9.5 mas yr−1 with an inclination angle of 73°, though these quantities could not be measured for the blueshifted lobe. Analysis of the [Fe II] and [Ni II] lines suggests jet densities on the order of ~105 cm−3. We propose that the observed S-shaped morphology originates from a jet launched by a smaller source with M★ < 0.2 M⊙ in orbital motion around a larger companion of M★ ≃ 0.5 M⊙ at a separation of 30–40 au. The measured luminosities of the knots using the [O I]λ6300 Å and [S II]λ6731 Å lines were used to estimate a lower limit to the mass-loss rate in the jet of 1.3 × 10−11 M⊙ yr−1 and an upper limit of 10−9 M⊙ yr−1, which is typical for low-mass driving sources. While the brightness asymmetry between the redshifted and blueshifted lobes is consistent with external irradiation, further analysis of the [Ni II] and [Fe II] lines suggests that photoionization of the jet is not likely to be a dominant factor, and that the emission is dominated by collisional excitation. The dynamical age of the jet compared to the anticipated survival time of the proplyd demonstrates that photoevaporation of the proplyd occurred prior to jet launching, and that this is still an active source. These two points suggest that the envelope of the proplyd may shield the jet from the majority of external radiation, and that photoionization of the proplyd does not appear to impact the ability of a star to launch a jet.
Spectroscopic and evolutionary analyses of the binary system AzV 14 outline paths toward the WR stage at low metallicity
Authors: Pauli D. , Oskinova L. M. , Hamann W.-R. , Bowman D. M. , Todt H. , Shenar T. , Sander A. A. C. , Erba C. , Gómez-González V. M. A. , Kehrig C. , Klencki J. , Kuiper R. , Mehner A. , de Mink S. E. , Oey M. S. , Ramachandran V. , Schootemeijer A. , Reyero Serantes S. , Wofford A.
Published: March 2023

Context. The origin of the observed population of Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars in low-metallicity galaxies, such as the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), is not yet understood. Standard, single-star evolutionary models predict that WR stars should stem from very massive O-type star progenitors, but these are very rare. On the other hand, binary evolutionary models predict that WR stars could originate from primary stars in close binaries.

Aims. We conduct an analysis of the massive O star, AzV 14, to spectroscopically determine its fundamental and stellar wind parameters, which are then used to investigate evolutionary paths from the O-type to the WR stage with stellar evolutionary models.

Methods. Multi-epoch UV and optical spectra of AzV 14 are analyzed using the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) stellar atmosphere code PoWR. An optical TESS light curve was extracted and analyzed using the PHOEBE code. The obtained parameters are put into an evolutionary context, using the MESA code.

Results. AzV 14 is a close binary system with a period of P = 3.7058 ± 0.0013 d. The binary consists of two similar main sequence stars with masses of M1, 2 ≈ 32 M⊙. Both stars have weak stellar winds with mass-loss rates of log Ṁ/(M⊙ yr−1) = −7.7 ± 0.2. Binary evolutionary models can explain the empirically derived stellar and orbital parameters, including the position of the AzV 14 components on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, revealing its current age of 3.3 Myr. The model predicts that the primary will evolve into a WR star with Teff ≈ 100 kK, while the secondary, which will accrete significant amounts of mass during the first mass transfer phase, will become a cooler WR star with Teff ≈ 50 kK. Furthermore, WR stars that descend from binary components that have accreted significant amount of mass are predicted to have increased oxygen abundances compared to other WR stars. This model prediction is supported by a spectroscopic analysis of a WR star in the SMC.

Conclusions. Inspired by the binary evolutionary models, we hypothesize that the populations of WR stars in low-metallicity galaxies may have bimodal temperature distributions. Hotter WR stars might originate from primary stars, while cooler WR stars are the evolutionary descendants of the secondary stars if they accreted a significant amount of mass. These results may have wide-ranging implications for our understanding of massive star feedback and binary evolution channels at low metallicity.
Morphology and spectral properties of the DART impact ejecta with VLT/MUSE
Authors: Opitom C. , Murphy B. , Snodgrass C. , Bagnulo S. , Green S. F. , Knight M. M. , de Léon J. , Li J.-Y. , Gardener D.
Published: March 2023

Context.On September 26, 2022, the NASA DART mission impacted the asteroid Dimorphos, the smaller component of the Didymos binary asteroid system. This provided a unique opportunity to observe, in real time, the evolution of the ejecta cloud produced by the impact and the formation of a tail.

Aims.We present observations performed with the MUSE instrument at the Very Large Telescope to characterise the morphology, spectral properties, and evolution of the ejecta. The Didymos system was observed with MUSE on 11 nights from just before impact to almost one month post-impact, using both wide-field observations without adaptive optics and narrow-field observations with adaptive optics.

Methods.We produced white light images that were used to study the morphology of the ejecta at different spatial scales. The spectral information was used to search for gas emission from either exposed ice or propellant, and to study the spatial and temporal variation of the ejecta dust reflectance through reflectance maps.

Results.We searched for, but did not detect, emission from [OI], Xe, NH2, and H2O+in a 1′×1′ field of view in our observations starting almost 4h after impact. We detected a number of morphological features, including a short-lived ejecta cloud visible on September 27 towards the east, spirals, clumps, and a tail that started forming only a few hours after impact. The analysis of the reflectance maps showed that the initial ejecta was bluer than the system before impact, while the tail and spirals were redder than the initial ejecta, consistent with them being made of larger particles. Over the few weeks following impact, the tail became redder. No significant colour differences could be seen between the clumps and the initial ejecta.
Research on the Development Mechanism of In-situ Urbanization Driven by Industry--Evidence from 87 cities in central China
Authors: Peng Jing , Liu Yanhong , Hong Qun
Published: March 2023

Some problems caused by traditional urbanization are becoming prominent. Compared with traditional urbanization, the rural population does not migrate to large and medium-sized cities in the process of in-situ urbanization. Rural residents realized the transition from traditional to modern production and lifestyle in their native land, which avoids the problems of ‘rural diseases’ and ‘urban diseases’ in the process of traditional urbanization. This study explores the influence mechanism of three industries on in-situ urbanization through the System Generalized Method of Moments and Ordinary Least Square. We found that (1) The simple development of agriculture does not directly promote in-situ urbanization. The process of agriculture driving in-situ urbanization needs to separate some non-agricultural industries from agriculture, which could accelerate the in-situ transfer of rural labor force for non-agricultural employment. (2) The secondary industry plays a significant direct role in driving the in-situ urbanization. Simultaneously, it is conducive to promoting the in-situ urbanization under the joint action of industry and agriculture. (3) The influence of the tertiary industry on in-situ urbanization is mainly reflected in the rural service industry and rural tourism. Through the combined development of agriculture, service industry and tourism, rural residents could achieve local non-agricultural employment and civic lives.
Research on Innovative Design of railway passenger service
Authors: Xie Meiling , Chen Feier , He Huan , Yuan Meijie , Yang Lan
Published: March 2023

In order to improve the quality of railway passenger service, the quality of railway passenger service is investigated through field investigation and questionnaire survey, the evaluation index system of railway passenger service quality is established, and the Delphi method is used to screen important service quality evaluation indicators, The model of railway passenger service quality evaluation is established by Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process based on passenger perception, the top five indicators in the weight ranking in the station service quality evaluation index system can show the importance of the station environment in improving the quality of passenger service. On this basis, 1088 valid questionnaires on the addition of lifting stools in station waiting halls were analyzed. The results show that most passengers are concerned about the comfort of the renovated seats and the safety of luggage storage, and the innovative design of the lifting stool greatly improves the space utilization of the waiting hall when improving the railway passenger service.
Research on the Development Strategy of E-Business Green Logistics Based on AHP
Authors: Guo Xingcheng , Long Xiang
Published: March 2023

With the vigorous development of E-business in modern society, the logistics industry, which is closely related to it, has also developed rapidly. Background: while improving economic benefits, logistics Enterprises inevitably bring a series of problems, the most prominent of which is environmental pollution. Whether it is from packaging, express transportation, storage, waste of product resources, etc., it highlights the drawbacks of current logistics enterprises. Methods: in this paper, questionnaires were used to investigate and analysis of green logistics from multiple perspectives, and AHP was used to quantify the evaluation. Results: the evaluation index system of green logistics based on the E-business environment was established, and the evaluation standard of green logistics was established to measure the performance of green logistics. Conclusion: Based on the results of the questionnaire survey and AHP, the index evaluation system of green logistics under the E-business environment is established, and the development strategies and directions of green logistics under the E-business environment are proposed from the aspects of society, enterprises, policies, technology, etc.
Research on Prefabricated Road base Technology under the concept of Sponge City
Authors: Yan Lin
Published: March 2023

The problems of construction period, quality and coordination between road construction and maintenance and road traffic often exist in the process of traditional urban road construction. The development of urbanization has brought about the rapid expansion of urban roads, and the changes in the permeability of urban underlying surface have also brought about urban waterlogging and urban water security problems. Making full use of the environmental protection, high efficiency and economic characteristics of the prefabricated process, through data investigation, theoretical calculation and mechanical analysis as the main means, the prefabricated prefabricated road base is studied and designed, drawing on the stress characteristics of the raft foundation of the building structure and the concept of beam and slab force transmission, forming the prefabricated beam and slab base in the form of raft structure, taking into account the actual drainage capacity of the urban pipe network and the outdoor drainage regulations, and setting drainage holes and gravel layers, Make the prefabricated road base have the function of organized drainage and water storage at the peak of runoff, so as to alleviate urban waterlogging to a certain extent and solve urban water safety problems.
Update Knocheninfektionen
Authors: Meyer-Schwickerath Charlotte , Jochimsen Dorothee , Jung Norma
Published: March 2023

Was ist neu?

Periprothetische Infektionen: Diagnostik, Prothesenerhalt und
Therapielänge. Nach einer neuen Studie kann bei Vorliegen einer hämatogenen
periprothetischen Infektion und weiteren einliegenden Gelenkprothesen, die in der klinischen
Untersuchung unauffällig sind, auf weitere invasive oder bildgebende Diagnostik verzichtet
werden. Periprothetische Infektionen, die spät auftreten (> 3 Monate nach Implantation)
haben ein schlechteres Outcome. Neue Studien versuchen Faktoren zu identifizieren, wann der
Prothesenerhalt weiterhin eine Option ist. Eine neue randomisierte Landmarkstudie aus
Frankreich konnte keine Nichtunterlegenheit für 6 versus 12 Wochen Therapielänge zeigen. Somit
ist anzunehmen, dass dies aktuell der Standard für alle OP-Modalitäten (Erhalt oder Wechsel)
wird. Wünschenswert wären weitere Studien zu dem Thema, die v.a. mehr Patienten mit spätem
Prothesenwechsel betrachten.

Spondylodiszitis: Inzidenz und Erregerprofil. Die
Spondylodiszitis ist eine eher seltene Knocheninfektion, deren Inzidenz in den vergangenen
Jahren aber weiter stark gestiegen ist (erneut fast verdoppelt in 10 Jahren). Betroffen sind
weiterhin vor allem ältere Personen, Männer und komorbide Patienten. Eine retrospektive Studie
aus Korea von Kim et al. gibt Aufschluss über die Erregerverteilung in verschiedenen
Altersgruppen sowie mit verschiedenen Komorbiditäten. Damit hilft sie bei der Einschätzung des
verursachenden Erregers und der Auswahl der empirischen Therapie, wenn die
Erregeridentifizierung vor Therapiestart nicht gelingt. S. aureus ist am häufigsten über alle
Altersgruppen, aber mit Zunahme von Enterokokken und v.a. gram-negativen Erregern bei
Älteren.

Diabetische Fußinfektion: Leitlinien, Diagnostik und Therapielänge.
Die Leitlinien der „International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot“ (IWGDF) wurden
mit leicht veränderter Klassifikation aktualisiert, außerdem hat die Deutsche Diabetes
Gesellschaft neue Handlungsempfehlungen publiziert. Die empirische Therapie richtet sich
weiterhin nach der Schwere der Infektion und weiteren Risikofaktoren (wie Vortherapien,
Ischämie). Die mikrobiologische Diagnostik aus Gewebeproben wird gegenüber Abstrichen als
überlegen beschrieben. Nach einer randomisierten Pilotstudie scheinen 3 Wochen Therapiedauer
bei Osteomyelitis nach Debridement 6 Wochen nicht unterlegen zu sein. Größere randomisierte
Studien zu dem Thema rekrutieren aktuell.
Ambulant erworbene Pneumonie
Authors: Seeger Alexander , Rohde Gernot
Published: March 2023

Was ist neu?

Risikofaktoren für schwere Verläufe Als Risikoprädiktor wird der
CRB-65-Score empfohlen sowie die Berücksichtigung instabiler Komorbiditäten und der
Oxygenierung.

Gruppeneinteilung der ambulant erworbenen Pneumonie Die ambulant
erworbene Pneumonie wird in 3 Gruppen eingeteilt: leichte Pneumonie, mittelschwere Pneumonie,
schwere Pneumonie. Ob ein kuratives vs. palliatives Behandlungsziel besteht, sollte frühzeitig
festgelegt werden.

Diagnostikempfehlung Zur Sicherung der Diagnose wird eine
Röntgen-Thoraxaufnahme empfohlen, möglichst auch im ambulanten Bereich. Alternativ kann eine Sonografie des
Thorax durchgeführt werden, wobei bei negativem Befund weitere Bildgebung empfohlen wird. Streptococcus pneumoniae ist weiterhin der häufigste bakterielle Erreger.

Therapie Die ambulant erworbene Pneumonie ist nach wie vor mit
hoher Morbidität und Letalität assoziiert. Eine zügige Diagnosestellung und die umgehende
Einleitung einer risikoadaptierten antimikrobiellen Therapie stellen wesentliche Maßnahmen
dar. In Zeiten von COVID-19, aber auch der aktuellen Influenza- und RSV-Epidemie, muss aber
auch mit rein viralen Pneumonien gerechnet werden. Zumindest bei COVID-19 kann häufig auf ein
Antibiotikum verzichtet werden. Antivirale und entzündungshemmende Medikamente werden hier
eingesetzt.

Postakuter Verlauf Patienten nach ambulant erworbener Pneumonie
haben eine erhöhte Akut- und Langzeitletalität – aufgrund von insbesondere kardiovaskulären
Ereignissen. Das Augenmerk der Forschung liegt auf verbesserter Erregererkennung, einem
besseren Verständnis der Wirtsantwort, mit dem Potenzial der Entwicklung spezifischer
Therapeutika, der Rolle von Komorbiditäten und den Langzeitfolgen der akuten
Erkrankung.
Künstliche Intelligenz zur Indikationsstellung einer invasiven Mikrokalkabklärung im Mammografie-Screening
Authors: Weigel Stefanie , Brehl Anne-Kathrin , Heindel Walter , Kerschke Laura
Published: March 2023

Ziel Läsionsbezogene Überprüfung der diagnostischen Wertigkeit eines individuellen Algorithmus künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) in der Dignitätsbewertung von mammografisch detektierten und histologisch abgeklärten Mikroverkalkungen.

Material und Methoden Die retrospektive Studie umfasste 634 Frauen mit abgeschlossener invasiver Abklärungsdiagnostik aufgrund von Mikroverkalkungen einer Mammografie-Screening-Einheit (Juli 2012 – Juni 2018). Das KI-System berechnete für jede Läsion einen Score zwischen 0 und 98. Scores > 0 wurden als KI-positiv betrachtet. Die KI-Performance wurde läsionen-spezifisch auf Basis des positiven prädiktiven Werts der umgesetzten invasiven Abklärungsdiagnostik (PPV3), der Rate falsch negativer und richtig negativer KI-Bewertungen evaluiert.

Ergebnisse Der PPV3 stieg über die Befundstufen an (Befunder: 4a: 21,2 %, 4b: 57,7 %, 5: 100 %, gesamt 30,3 %; KI: 4a: 20,8 %, 4b: 57,8 %, 5: 100 %, gesamt: 30,7 %). Die Rate falsch negativer KI-Bewertungen lag bei 7,2 % (95 %-CI: 4,3 %, 11,4 %), die Rate richtig negativer KI-Bewertungen bei 9,1 % (95 %-CI: 6,6 %, 11,9 %). Diese Raten waren mit 12,5 % bzw. 10,4 % in der Befundstufe 4a am größten. Im Median war der KI-Score für benigne Läsionen am geringsten (61, Interquartilsabstand [IQR]: 45–74) und für invasive Mammakarzinome am höchsten (81, IQR: 64–86). Mediane Scores für das duktale Carcinoma in situ waren: 74 beim geringen (IQR: 63–84), 70 (IQR: 52–79) beim intermediären und 74 (IQR: 66–83) beim hohen Kernmalignitätsgrad.

Schlussfolgerung Bei niedrigster Schwelle führt die Mikrokalk-bezogene KI-Bewertung zu einem zur menschlichen Bewertung vergleichbaren Anstieg des PPV3 über die Befundstufen. Der größte KI-bezogene Verlust an Brustkrebsdetektionen liegt bei geringstgradig suspekten Mikroverkalkungen vor mit einer vergleichbaren Einsparung falsch positiver invasiver Abklärungen. Eine Score-bezogene Stratifizierung maligner Läsionen lässt sich nicht ableiten.

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Zitierweise
Imaging Recommendations for Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Sable Nilesh P. , Bakshi Ganesh K. , Raghavan N. , Bakshi Hemang , Sharma Rakesh , Menon Santosh , Kumar Prabhash , Katdare Aparna , Popat Palak
Published: March 2023

The Prostate Carcinoma Guidelines Panel have formulated these guidelines to assist medical professionals in the evidence-based management of prostate cancer. These have been formulated by a panel consisting of Indian multidisciplinary group of radiologists, uro-oncologists, urologists, radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, and pathologists. These recommendations present the best evidence available to the clinicians; however, using these recommendations will not always result in the best outcome. They aid in decision making for individual patients; however, these will never replace clinical expertise when making treatment decisions. Taking personal values and preferences or individual circumstances of patients into account is necessary for final treatment decision. Guidelines are not mandatory and should not to be referred as a legal standard of care.
Imaging Guidelines and Recommendations for Diagnosis, Surveillance, and Management of Pediatric CNS and Spinal Tumors
Authors: Kapadia Tejas , Sahu Arpita , Mahajan Abhishek , Ahuja Ankita , Chatterjee Abhishek , Sahu Amit , Warade Anshu , Padashetty Shubham , Vijan Antariksh , Chidambaranthan Natesan , Dasgupta Archya , Sridhar Epari , Sahay Ayushi , Shetty Prakash , Prasad Maya , Chinnaswamy Girish , Moiyadi Aliasgar , Gupta Tejpal , Gala Foram , Sankhe Shilpa
Published: March 2023

Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the second most common cause of cancer in children when incidence rates of cancer are estimated according to the Indian population dynamics based on 2011 consensus. As per the estimates, CNS tumors account for 20.1% of cancer burden in children aged between 0 and 14 years and 16.8% when 0 to 19 years age group is considered. The most common pediatric brain tumors are astrocytoma and medulloblastoma followed by other embryonal tumors, craniopharyngioma, and ependymal tumors. The incidence of CNS tumors in children from India is similar to the western high-income countries, other than slightly higher incidence of craniopharyngioma in Indian children.
Probing magnetic structure at the nanoscale with local thermal flow injection
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: March 2023

Magnetic imaging method offers higher spatial resolution with less complex equipment.
Analysis and circuit implementation of a non-equilibrium fractional-order chaotic system with hidden multistability and special offset-boosting
Authors: Yan Shaohui , Wang Ertong , Wang Qiyu
Published: March 2023

In order to obtain a system of higher complexity, a new fractional-order chaotic system is constructed based on the Sprott system. It is noteworthy that the system has no equilibrium point yet exhibits chaotic properties and has rich dynamical behavior. Its basic properties are analyzed by Lyapunov exponents, phase diagrams, and smaller alignment index tests. The change of its state is observed by changing parameters and order, during which the new system is found to have intermittent chaos phenomena. Surprisingly, the new proposed system has a special offset-boosting phenomenon, where only a boosting-controller makes the system undergo a multi-directional offset, and the shape of the generated hidden attractor changes. In addition, changing the initial value brings kinds of coexisting attractors in the system, which proves the existence of multistability. Because the new system is very sensitive to the initial value, the complexity of the new system is calculated based on the complexity algorithm, and the initial value with higher complexity is gained by contrast. Finally, the field programmable gate array is used to implement the actual circuit of the new system to verify its feasibility. This system provides an example for the study of fractional-order chaotic systems and a complex system for fractional-order chaotic applications.
Computational and experimental modulation of a noisy chaotic neuronal system
Authors: Gonzalez Josselyn , Follmann Rosangela , Rosa Epaminondas , Stein Wolfgang
Published: March 2023

In this work, we study the interplay between chaos and noise in neuronal state transitions involving period doubling cascades. Our approach involves the implementation of a neuronal mathematical model under the action of neuromodulatory input, with and without noise, as well as equivalent experimental work on a biological neuron in the stomatogastric ganglion of the crab Cancer borealis. Our simulations show typical transitions between tonic and bursting regimes that are mediated by chaos and period doubling cascades. While this transition is less evident when intrinsic noise is present in the model, the noisy computational output displays features akin to our experimental results. The differences and similarities observed in the computational and experimental approaches are discussed.
Reaching a burning plasma and ignition using smaller capsules/Hohlraums, higher radiation temperatures, and thicker ablator/ice on the national ignition facility
Authors: Baker K. L. , Thomas C. A. , Landen O. L. , Haan S. , Lindl J. D. , Casey D. T. , Young C. , Nora R. , Hurricane O. A. , Callahan D. A. , Jones O. , Berzak Hopkins L. , Khan S. , Spears B. K. , Le Pape S. , Meezan N. B. , Ho D. D. , Döppner T. , Hinkel D. , Dewald E. L. , Tommasini R. , Hohenberger M. , Weber C. , Clark D. , Woods D. T. , Milovich J. L. , Strozzi D. , Kritcher A. , Robey H. F. , Ross J. S. , Smalyuk V. A. , Amendt P. A. , Bachmann B. , Benedetti L. R. , Bionta R. , Celliers P. M. , Fittinghoff D. , Goyon C. , Hatarik R. , Izumi N. , Gatu Johnson M. , Kyrala G. , Ma T. , Meaney K. , Millot M. , Nagel S. R. , Patel P. K. , Turnbull D. , Volegov P. L. , Yeamans C. , Wilde C.
Published: March 2023

In indirect-drive implosions, the final core hot spot energy and pressure and, hence, neutron yield attainable in 1D increase with increasing laser peak power and, hence, radiation drive temperature at the fixed capsule and Hohlraum size. We present simple analytic scalings validated by 1D simulations that quantify the improvement in performance and use this to explain existing data and simulation trends. Extrapolating to the 500 TW National Ignition Facility peak power limit in a low gas-fill 5.4 mm diameter Hohlraum based on existing high adiabat implosion data at 400 TW, 1.3 MJ and 1 × 1016 yield, we find that a 2–3 × 1017 yield (0.5–0.7 MJ) is plausible using only 1.8 MJ of laser energy. Based on existing data varying deuterium–tritium (DT) fuel thickness and dopant areal density, further improvements should be possible by increasing DT fuel areal density, and hence confinement time and yield amplification.
Control of photoluminescence of nitrogen-vacancy centers embedded in diamond nanoparticles coupled to silicon nanoantennas
Authors: Zalogina Anastasiia , Javadzade Javid , Savelev Roman , Komissarenko Filipp , Uvarov Alexander , Mukhin Ivan , Shadrivov Ilya , Akimov Alexey , Zuev Dmitry
Published: March 2023

The development of nanophotonics systems for the manipulation of luminescent properties of single quantum emitters is essential for quantum communication and computing. Dielectric nanosystems enable various opportunities for light control through inherent electric and magnetic resonances; however, their full potential has not yet been discovered. Here, emission properties of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in nanodiamonds placed in the near-field zone of silicon nanoresonators are investigated. It is demonstrated experimentally that the spontaneous emission rate of single NV centers in 50 nm nanodiamonds can be modified by their coupling to spherical nanoantennas, reducing the mode of the lifetime distribution by ≈2 times from 16 to 9 ns. It is also shown that the collected intensity of photoluminescence emission from multiple NV centers in a 150 nm nanodiamond coupled to a cylindrical nanoantenna is increased by more than 50% compared to the intensity from the same nanodiamond on a bare substrate.
Modeling the impingement deformation and solidification of a hollow zirconia droplet onto a dry substrate and solidified layer
Authors: Liu Xiaogang , Wang Yanhua , Wang Zhongyi , Zhong Xinquan , Zhang Jing , Sun Haiou
Published: March 2023

Despite the numerous research studies involving the solidification of continuous molten metal droplet impingement on dry substrates during the process of plasma spraying, the impingement between a hollow molten metal droplet and a solidified layer has, to date, not yet been thoroughly explored. A liquid shell enclosing the air cavity forms a hollow droplet. The coupled level set and volume of fluid method is used to track the air–liquid interface, and the enthalpy–porosity method is used to track the liquid–solid interface. A two-dimensional axis symmetric model is adopted to describe the impingement and solidification process. This study includes a detailed investigation of transient impact deformation and solidification. The heat transfer characteristics of the solidification of a continuous dense and hollow molten droplet impacting on a dry substrate and solidified layer are studied and compared. A thin solidified layer appears and develops between the droplet and the substrate, and the impacting droplet finally pins to the surface with mainly the liquid solidified. For a hollow droplet impact on the solidified layer, a splashed crown liquid sheet forms from the drop-solidified layer neck area. Various temperatures of the solidified layer induce a different development of the crown, spreading, and rebound counter-jet. The deterioration of local heat transfer is attributed to a strong fluctuation of the rebound counter-jet and the existence of an annular cavity (formed by the crown sheet falling back). Attention should be paid to this phenomenon in industrial applications involving droplet impact.
Influence of electrodes' geometrical properties on the neutron production rate of a discharge fusion neutron source
Authors: Bakr M. , Sakabe T. , Wulfkühler J.-P. , Mukai K. , Smith T. W. , Ogino Y. , Tajmar M. , Scott T. , Konishi S.
Published: March 2023

Trapping ions, such as deuterium and tritium, inside a potential well to generate neutrons is a well-established technology through electric and magnetic fields via the inertial electrostatic confinement fusion (IECF) and the tokamak, respectively. In the IECF, the straightforward configuration is a concentric cathode connected to a negative bias, surrounded by a grounded anode that serves as a vacuum vessel. Theoretically, neutrons are generated inside the vessel through fusion between ions that are accelerated by applying several tens kV voltage and tens mA current. Many parameters affect the plasma conditions and fusion in the system, hence the neutron production rate (NPR). This study investigates the cathode transparency and the number of apertures effect on NPR. For this end, eleven cathodes were fabricated from stainless steel in three different groups with different transparency and number of apertures. NPRs were investigated as a function of the cathode transparency and number of apertures at low power operating mode ∼1 kW. Experimental results revealed that higher NPR was produced from lower grid transparency and vice versa; this behavior was explained through beam–surface fusion with grid surface. In addition, a higher NPR was generated from the grid with many apertures; this was attributed to the effect of the deuterium ionization improvement by the number of ionizing electrons through the grid channels.
Multiple Fano resonances driven by bound states in the continuum in an all-dielectric nanoarrays system
Authors: Xing Jiaojiao , Li Hao , Yu Shilin , Shi Yan , Zhao Tonggang
Published: March 2023

Fano resonance with high Q-factor can greatly enhance the light–matter interaction in all-dielectric metasurface, which is an important condition for developing high-performance micro-/nano-photonics devices. In this paper, we present an all-dielectric metasurface structure composed of nanoarrays to investigate the properties of BIC realization and Fano resonance in the near-infrared spectral region. Four Fano profiles are generated, and two quasi-BIC resonance modes excited by MD appear when the structural symmetry is broken. All the Fano resonances modulation depth close to 100%. The spectral response of the proposed structure is also highly tunable by adjusting the polarization of the incident light and the geometric parameters of the structure. This work may provide a reference for the design of devices, such as biochemical sensing, optical switches, and optical modulators.