bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Canopy tree preference by insectivorous birds in shade‐coffee farms: Implications for migratory bird conservation
Authors: Narango Desirée L. , Tallamy Douglas W. , Snyder Kerry J. , Rice Robert A.
Published: March 2019

Land converted to coffee agriculture occupies >5 million hectares of what was once prime overwintering natural habitat in the American Neotropics for migrating birds. When tree canopy is retained or restored (i.e., shade‐grown), coffee farms can serve as habitat refuge for wildlife. Yet few studies have examined whether canopy tree identity impacts habitat quality for biodiversity. Specifically, whether or not certain tree species are disproportionately important for foraging insectivorous birds remains unclear. In this study, we quantified bird foraging activity on 22 tree species in two Latin American Bird Friendly© coffee farms. Specifically, we conducted timed observations on focal trees to determine 1) tree preferences, 2) foraging bird abundance, 3) foraging time, and 4) species richness of birds using each canopy tree species. We found that birds did not forage randomly, and instead exhibited preferences for particular native tree species. Nitrogen‐fixing Fabaceae were consistently used more frequently, supported more resident and migratory birds for longer periods of time, and supported more bird species than trees in other families. We posit that the potential mechanism contributing to tree preferences is the increase in insect abundance and diversity that provide high‐quality food for insectivores but do not present pest problems for coffee. Thus, tree species that support insects may provide multiple benefits for farmers in the form of bottom‐up soil fertilization and top‐down pest control. This study provides evidence that agroforestry land can be improved for birds of conservation concern by prioritizing canopy tree species that help birds and farm productivity.
MolTarPred: A web tool for comprehensive target prediction with reliability estimation
Authors: Peón Antonio , Li Hongjian , Ghislat Ghita , Leung Kwong‐Sak , Wong Man‐Hon , Lu Gang , Ballester Pedro J.
Published: March 2019

Molecular target prediction can provide a starting point to understand the efficacy and side effects of phenotypic screening hits. Unfortunately, the vast majority of in silico target prediction methods are not available as web tools. Furthermore, these are limited in the number of targets that can be predicted, do not estimate which target predictions are more reliable and/or lack comprehensive retrospective validations. We present MolTarPred ( http://moltarpred.marseille.inserm.fr/), a user‐friendly web tool for predicting protein targets of small organic compounds. It is powered by a large knowledge base comprising 607,659 compounds and 4,553 macromolecular targets collected from the ChEMBL database. In about 1 min, the predicted targets for the supplied molecule will be listed in a table. The chemical structures of the query molecule and the most similar compounds annotated with the predicted target will also be shown to permit visual inspection and comparison. Practical examples of the use of MolTarPred are showcased. MolTarPred is a new resource for scientists that require a more complete knowledge of the polypharmacology of a molecule. The introduction of a reliability score constitutes an attractive functionality of MolTarPred, as it permits focusing experimental confirmatory tests on the most reliable predictions, which leads to higher prospective hit rates.
Tissue talks: immunophenotype of cells infiltrating the graft explains histological findings and the benefits of belatacept at 10 years
Authors: Furuzawa-Carballeda J , Uribe-Uribe N O , Arreola-Guerra J M , Reyes-Acevedo R , Vilatobá M , López-Toledo A , Mondragón-Salgado G , Chávez-Fernández R , López-Verdugo F , Mondragón-Ramírez G , Alberú J
Published: March 2019

Previously, we found a substantial number of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and fewer senescent and T helper type 17 (Th17) and a decrease in interstitial fibrosis (IF) in 12-month graft biopsies in belatacept versus cyclosporin (CNI)-treated patients [Belatacept Evaluation of Nephroprotection and Efficacy as First-line Immunosuppression Trial (BENEFIT) study]. Seven years after kidney transplantation (KT), mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), patient and graft survival were significantly higher with belatacept versus CNI treatment. The aim of this study was to determine whether the immunophenotypes of inflammatory and regulatory cell subsets infiltrating the grafts contribute to the BENEFIT’s clinical findings a decade after KT. Twenty-three adult patients with functionally stable KT treated with belatacept and 10 treated with CNI were enrolled. Biopsies were analyzed by histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry for proliferation, senescence, apoptosis, inflammatory and regulatory cell markers in a blinded manner. Significantly lower percentages of inflammatory/fibrogenic cells [interleukin (IL)-22+/Th17/Th2/M1 macrophages] were observed in patients treated with belatacept than in patients treated with CNI. By contrast, remarkably higher percentages of regulatory cells [Tregs/Bregs/ plasmacytoid dendritic regulatory cells (pDCregs)/M2] were found in belatacept-treated patients than in CNI-treated patients. Conspicuously lower percentages of apoptosis and senescence and higher proliferation markers were found in belatacept-treated patients than in CNI-treated patients. Consequently, there was significantly more inflammation in the microvascular compartments as well as increased tubular atrophy and IF in CNI-treated patients. These findings strongly suggest that regulatory mechanisms, along with the absence of deleterious effects of CNI, contribute to the long-term graft histology and function stability in patients treated with belatacept.
The All‐on‐4 concept for full‐arch rehabilitation of the edentulous maxillae: A longitudinal study with 5‐13 years of follow‐up
Authors: Maló Paulo , de Araújo Nobre Miguel , Lopes Armando , Ferro Ana , Nunes Mariana
Published: March 2019

Background

Full‐arch immediate function protocols such as the All‐on‐4 concept need long‐term validation.

Purpose

To report the 5‐13 year outcomes of the All‐on‐4 treatment concept for the rehabilitation of the edentulous maxilla.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective case series study involved 1072 patients (4288 maxillary implants) rehabilitated through the All‐on‐4 treatment concept. Primary outcome measures were cumulative prosthetic and implant success (life table analysis). Secondary outcome measures consisted in marginal bone loss (MBL) at 5 and 10 years, biological and mechanical complications. The estimation of risk indicators was performed through multivariable analysis for the outcome variables implant failure (Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals [95% CI]), MBL > 2.8 mm at 5 years, MBL > 3.0 mm at 10 years, biological and mechanical complications (binary logistic regression to estimate odds ratios [OR] with 95% CI).

Results

Eighteen patients deceased unrelated to the implant treatment (1.7%) and 219 patients (20.4%) were lost to follow‐up. The prosthetic success rate was 99.2%; Implant cumulative survival and success rate was 94.7% and 93.9%, respectively, with up to 13 years of follow‐up. Male gender (HR = 1.73), smoking (HR = 1.94), and mechanical complications (HR = 0.59) were significantly associated with implant failure. Average MBL at 5 and 10 years was 1.18 mm (95% CI: 1.16, 1.21) and 1.67 mm (95% CI: 1.58, 1.77) with age (OR = 0.97), male gender (OR = 0.58), smoking (OR = 1.73), and biological complications (OR = 2.1) associated with MBL > 2.8 mm at 5 years. The incidence of biological complications was 7.8% at implant level, with age (OR = 0.98) and smoking (OR = 1.53) significantly associated. The incidence of mechanical complications was 58.8% for the provisional prostheses and 7.3% for the definitive prostheses.

Conclusions

The high success rates registered for both implants and prostheses together with the low MBL confirm the All‐on‐4 treatment concept is predictable and safe in the long term outcome.
Adverse effect of smoking on cross‐sectional area of small pulmonary vessel and arterial stiffness in healthy smokers without COPD
Authors: Jo Hwang Hee , Park Mi Jung , Shin Hwa Seon , Choi Hye Young , Na Jae Boem , Choi Dae Seob , Choi Ho Cheol , Lee Sang Min , Lee Gyeong‐Won , Lee Seung Jun
Published: March 2019

Introduction

Because it induces systemic inflammation, smoking is a risk factor of atherosclerosis and pulmonary hypertension. The brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and cross‐sectional area (CSA) of small pulmonary vessels can be useful markers to assess early changes of arterial stiffness and pulmonary vascular alteration in smokers.

Objectives

This study aimed to explore association between the CSA of small pulmonary vessel and arterial stiffness in healthy male smokers.

Methods

We enrolled 90 male non‐smokers and 90 male smokers (age: 51.5 ± 9.7 years and 52.1 ± 7.9 years, respectively). All subjects underwent chest computed tomography (CT), pulmonary function test and baPWV measurement. We evaluated the total CSAs less than 5 mm2 using ImageJ software and divided by the total lung area (%CSA<5). We compared the association between baPWV and %CSA<5 in two groups as well as correlations among the amount of smoking, baPWV and %CSA<5. Multiple linear regression analysis using %CSA<5 as the dependent variable was also performed.

Results

The mean baPWV and mean %CSA<5 were significantly different between the smokers and non‐smokers. The pack‐years was significantly correlated with %CSA<5 (r = −0.631, P < 0.001) and baPWV (r = 0.534, P < 0.001) in smokers. In multiple linear regression analysis, age, pack‐years, FEV1/FVC and baPWV were associated with %CSA<5, regardless of body mass index, blood pressure and heart rate.

Conclusions

There is a dose‐response relationship between cigarette smoking and the CSA of small pulmonary vessels and arterial stiffness, respectively. Arterial stiffness, age, pack‐years and mild airflow impairment are independent predictors of small pulmonary vascular destruction in smokers.
Fall‐related mandible fractures in a Japanese population: A retrospective study
Authors: Nogami Shinnosuke , Yamauchi Kensuke , Bottini Gian B. , Otake Yoshio , Sai Yuko , Morishima Hiromitsu , Higuchi Keisuke , Ito Ko , Gaggl Alexander , Takahashi Tetsu
Published: March 2019

Background/Aim

Maxillofacial trauma is frequent and represents a heavy burden for patients and society. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics and management of mandibular fractures caused by falls.

Material and methods

One hundred thirty‐nine patients with 185 mandible fractures caused by falls were included in this retrospective study. The patients were grouped according to age, gender, fitness level (as classified by the American Society of Anesthesiology physical status classification), the month of the accident, sites of fractures and treatment methods.

Results

Most adult and fit patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation, except for intracapsular condyle fractures. Conservative management was chosen for paediatric patients and in all cases deemed at high risk for lengthy procedures under general anaesthesia (physical status III according to the American Society of Anesthesiology). Young patients were mainly males, whereas geriatric patients were mainly females. In cases of single‐site fracture, condylar fractures were the most prevalent. In cases with multiple sites, the association of condyle and symphysis fractures was the most frequent.

Conclusions

The results show an increasing trend in geriatric condyle fractures, especially in females. The epidemiology of fall‐related mandibular fractures is subject to the influence of seasonal, historical, cultural and demographic factors.
The anti‐prion RNA aptamer R12 disrupts the Alzheimer's disease‐related complex between prion and amyloid β
Authors: Iida Mamiko , Mashima Tsukasa , Yamaoki Yudai , So Masatomo , Nagata Takashi , Katahira Masato
Published: March 2019

The neurodegenerative disorder Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with the accumulation of misfolded proteins. Some recent studies suggested that amyloid beta (Aβ) forms soluble oligomers, protofibrils, and fibrils; the Aβ oligomers being more toxic than the fibrils. Surprisingly, these Aβ oligomers reportedly bind to prion protein (PrP), which acts as a receptor on the cell membrane, possibly resulting in AD. Thus, it is thought that compounds that can disrupt the formation of the prion‐Aβ oligomer complex may prevent AD. Here, we demonstrate that an anti‐prion RNA aptamer, R12, inhibits the interaction of PrP with Aβ. Fluorescence assaying involving thioflavin S showed that wild‐type PrP, a mutant of the N‐terminal half of PrP, and even fragment peptides of PrP effectively inhibit Aβ fibrillization. Fluorescence anisotropy revealed that R12 is capable of binding to PrP, resulting in dissociation of PrP with Aβ. Consequently, the Aβ that dissociated from PrP was shown to polymerize into fibrils. These spectroscopic observations were visualized by transmission electron microscopy. This is the first demonstration of the PrP‐Aβ interaction being disrupted by a nucleic acid. This ability of R12 highlights its therapeutic potential for treating AD pathology.
Clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of extramedullary acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Ullman David I , Dorn David , Jones Jeffery A , Fasciano Danielle , Ping Zheng , Kanakis Constantine , Koenig Richard G , Salzman Donna , Peker Deniz
Published: March 2019

Aims

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary neoplasm composed of immature myeloid precursor cells thought to be a unique clinical presentation of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Like AML, MS has a poor prognosis, but due to the rare nature of MS there are limited studies examining potential prognostic factors. We report our institutional experience, with the aim of investigating and establishing salient clinicopathological and molecular features of MS.

Methods and results

We retrospectively examined all clinicopathological and molecular data on MS patients between 2001 and 2017 from the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) electronic medical records. The UAB electronic medical records were also reviewed and compared with the literature for other potential prognostic factors. Sixty‐three patients were included in the study. The median overall survival was 24 months in the group with normal karyotype and 12 months in patients with an abnormal karyotype.

Conclusions

We found that an abnormal karyotype was associated with a statistically significant worse prognosis.
EIF3E–RSPO2 and PIEZO1–RSPO2 fusions in colorectal traditional serrated adenoma
Authors: Hashimoto Taiki , Ogawa Reiko , Yoshida Hiroshi , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Kojima Motohiro , Saito Yutaka , Sekine Shigeki
Published: March 2019

Aims

Traditional serrated adenoma (TSA) is an uncommon type of colorectal serrated polyp. RSPO fusions, which potentiate WNT signalling, are common and characteristic genetic alterations in TSA. The aim of this study was to further characterise the prevalence and variation of RSPO fusions in TSA.

Methods and results

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of 99 TSAs revealed overexpression of RSPO2 and RSPO3 in six and 29 lesions, respectively. Reverse transcription PCR identified previously reported PTPRK–RSPO3 fusion transcripts in all 29 TSAs with RSPO3 overexpression, confirming that PTPRK–RSPO3 is the predominant RSPO fusion in TSAs. Among the six lesions with RSPO2 overexpression, two overexpressed full‐length RSPO2. An EIF3E–RSPO2 fusion, which is a known recurrent RSPO fusion in colorectal cancer, was detected in three lesions. In addition, rapid amplification of cDNA ends identified a novel PIEZO1–RSPO2 fusion in one TSA. All of the four TSAs with RSPO2 fusions concurrently had KRAS mutations and showed the classic histological features.

Conclusions

The present study identified EIF3E–RSPO2 and PIEZO1–RSPO2 in TSAs. Our observations expand the spectrum of RSPO fusions in TSAs, and suggest that TSAs are precursors of colorectal cancers with these RSPO2 fusions.
EGFR and KRAS mutations in Chinese patients with sinonasal inverted papilloma and oncocytic papilloma
Authors: Wang Huan , Li Hongbing , Hu Li , Zhou Jiaying , Zhai Changwen , Wang Dehui , Sun Xicai
Published: March 2019

Aims

Sinonasal inverted papilloma (SIP) and sinonasal oncocytic papilloma (SOP) are uncommon, benign epithelial neoplasms located in the sinonasal region, that have the potential for malignant transformation. A recent study reported that EGFR and KRAS mutations occurred in the majority of Western patients with SIP and SOP, respectively. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of KRAS and EGFR mutations in Chinese SIP and SOP patients, and to study the association between molecular alterations and their clinical features.

Methods and results

We retrospectively collected 80 sinonasal papilloma specimens, including 44 cases with SIP, 33 cases with SOP, and three cases with mixed sinonasal papilloma, which harboured elements of both inverted and oncocytic types. Formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissues were used to extract genomic DNA, and EGFR and KRAS mutations were evaluated with direct Sanger sequencing. Thirty‐five (78%) SIP patients harboured EGFR mutations, and all mutations were exon 20 insertions, whereas no KRAS mutations were detected. In contrast, KRAS mutations were detected in 82% of SOP patients, but no EGFR mutations were detected. Among the three mixed‐type cases, two harboured both EGFR exon 20 insertions and KRAS mutations. Another case harboured a KRAS mutation, but no EGFR mutation was detected.

Conclusion

SIP and SOP are two clinical entities with different genetic mutational patterns of EGFR and KRAS. Mixed types with elements of both SIP and SOP may harbour both EGFR and KRAS mutations.
Impact of sex difference on survival of bladder cancer: A population‐based registry data in Japan
Authors: Nakayama Masashi , Ito Yuri , Hatano Koji , Nakai Yasutomo , Kakimoto Ken‐ichi , Miyashiro Isao , Nishimura Kazuo
Published: March 2019

Objective

To investigate the impact of sex on the prognosis of bladder cancer in Japan.

Methods

In total, 18 728 patients diagnosed as having bladder cancer from 1993 to 2006 were registered in population‐based cancer registries of six prefectures in Japan. We estimated relative survival by sex, age, clinical stage at initial diagnosis and pathology.

Results

Patients included 14 203 men (75.8%) and 4525 women (24.2%). The stage at initial diagnosis in women was significantly higher than in men (P < 0.0001). Pathologically, women were more likely to have non‐urothelial cancer than men (women 18.0%, men 9.5%, P < 0.0001). The 5‐year relative survival was 80.3% for men and 67.7% for women. The 5‐year relative survival was 93.0% for men and 87.7% for women in the localized cancer group, 34.8% for men and 23.9% for women in the locally advanced cancer group, and 7.1% for men and 8.3% for women in the metastatic cancer group. The relative survival of women was worse than that of men in the localized cancer group (hazard ratio 1.29, 95% confidence interval 1.05–1.57; P = 0.0145) and locally advanced cancer group (hazard ratio 1.32, 95% confidence interval 1.15–1.52; P = 0.0001), but not different in the metastatic cancer group (hazard ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval 0.87–1.25; P = 0.6555).

Conclusions

Population‐based registry data in Japan show that the cancer stage at initial diagnosis is higher in women than in men, and women with localized or locally advanced bladder cancer have a worse prognosis compared with men.
Rapid onset of action of calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate cutaneous foam in psoriasis, even in patients with more severe disease
Authors: Pink A.E. , Jalili A. , Berg P. , Calzavara‐Pinton P.G. , de la Cueva Dobao P. , Thaçi D. , Torpet M. , Jensen K.L. , Segaert S.
Published: March 2019

Background

The effectiveness of topical therapies in psoriasis is dependent on, amongst other factors, patient adherence. Together with treatment effectiveness and reduction of symptoms, speed of onset and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) are important influencers of adherence.

Methods

This pooled analysis of three Phase II/III trials evaluated the efficacy of topical fixed‐dose combination calcipotriol 50 μg/g plus betamethasone dipropionate 0.5 mg/g cutaneous foam (Cal/BD foam) vs. foam vehicle at early timepoints in mild‐to‐severe psoriasis using clinically meaningful modified Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (mPASI) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) targets.

Results

A greater proportion of Cal/BD‐foam‐ vs. foam‐vehicle‐treated patients achieved absolute mPASI targets 0 (15.1% vs. 1.0%), ≤1 (41.4% vs. 5.2%), ≤3 (78.5% vs. 29.2%) and ≤5 (90.2% vs. 62.5%) at week 4 (P < 0.001; all targets). Significant differences between Cal/BD‐foam‐ vs. foam‐vehicle‐treated patients were observed as early as week 1 in those achieving mPASI ≤1 (6.8% vs. 1.5%; P < 0.01), ≤3 (40.4% vs. 22.8%; P < 0.001) and ≤5 (69.7% vs. 50.8%; P < 0.001). In patients with more severe psoriasis (baseline mPASI >10), a greater proportion of Cal/BD‐foam‐ vs. foam‐vehicle‐treated patients achieved mPASI ≤1 (20.2% vs. 5.9%; P < 0.05), ≤3 (49.2% vs. 8.8%; P < 0.001) and ≤5 (63.7% vs. 26.5%; P < 0.001) at week 4. In patients with severely impaired HRQoL (baseline DLQI >10), a greater proportion of Cal/BD‐foam‐ vs. foam‐vehicle‐treated patients achieved target DLQI ≤1 or 0 (week 4: DLQI ≤1, 25.0% vs. 4%; P = 0.001; DLQI 0, 17.4% vs. 2.0%; P = 0.006).

Conclusion

We report rapid onset of action and greater efficacy with Cal/BD foam vs. foam vehicle, even in patients with more severe psoriasis, manageable with topical treatments. This may support physician management of patient expectations and improve patient adherence, translating into overall topical treatment effectiveness.
Trading places: An experimental comparison of reallocation mechanisms for priority queuing
Authors: El Haji Anouar , Onderstal Sander
Published: March 2019

In a laboratory experiment, we compare two auction mechanisms that are designed to improve a queue's efficiency by allowing customers to trade places. In the server‐initiated auction, the server, when idle, sells the right to be served next to the highest bidding customer in the queue and distributes the proceeds among the remaining customers. In the customer‐initiated auction, new arrivals can sequentially trade places with queued customers. We use two novel experimental protocols to examine the behavioral properties of both auction mechanisms. We find that both auction mechanisms improve a queue's efficiency on average and that both perform equally well in terms of efficiency gain. We also find evidence of the sunk‐cost effect but not of the endowment effect. Participants indicated that they found the server‐initiated auction a fairer mechanism than the customer‐initiated auction. When voting between the two auctions, the participants tended to favor the server‐initiated auction.
Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity potential of ethanolic extract of Heracleum persicum Desf. ex Fischer
Authors: Amani Zahra , Gandomi Hassan , Akhondzadeh Basti Afshin , Derakhshandeh Abdollah , Noori Negin
Published: March 2019

Heracleum persicum is a traditional medicinal plant with several pharmaceutical and food applications. There is no well‐documented information regarding the safety profile of this plant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic, mutagenic, and cytotoxic potential of ethanolic extract of H. persicum (EEHP). The EEHP induced DNA damage at concentrations higher than 0.25 mg/mL. DNA damage index of the EEHP at dose of 10 mg/mL was 25 times greater than that in negative control. A dose dependent increase was found in tail moment by increasing the concentration of the extract. No statistically significant difference was seen in revertant Salmonella typhimurium colonies, with or without S9, between sub‐inhibitory concentrations of EEHP and negative control (p < 0.05). The results of the MTT assay revealed that treatment by different concentrations of EEHP caused 60 to 100% reduction in cell viability. The survival of the lymphocytes was negatively affected by EEHP concentrations higher than 1 mg/mL as evaluated by trypan blue assay. The results of this study showed genotoxicity and cytotoxicity potential of EEHP on human lymphocytes, effect of the EEHP exhibited in this work, further studies are needed to decide about the mutagenicity hazard of this medicinal plant.

Practical applications

Heracleum persicum is used as flavoring agent and for miscellaneous remedial purposes in Iranian traditional medicine. These widespread applications are based on the public belief that this plant is efficient and safe due to its traditional usage for long centuries. Besides many pharmacological properties, there is low information about the safety profile of this plant. The results of this study showed that ethanolic extract of H. persicum (EEHP) caused DNA damage on human lymphocytes. Furthermore, cytotoxicity of the EEHP on human lymphocytes was seen. According to these results, it is worthwhile to raise consumer awareness that excessive consumption of food and pharmaceutical preparations containing high concentrations of this plant may pose a health risk.
Accelerometry‐based method for assessing energy expenditure in patients with diabetes during walking
Authors: Caron N. , Peyrot N. , Caderby T. , Verkindt C. , Dalleau G.
Published: March 2019

Background

Monitoring activity‐related energy expenditure (EE) is essential in the management of daily activity and the dietary programme in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and must be estimated accurately. Accelerometry‐based equations have frequently used to estimate EE, although the validity of these methods has not been confirmed in patients with T2D. The present study aimed to test the validity of an accelerometry‐based method (Bouten's method) to assess EE during walking in patients with T2D.

Methods

The study included 20 patients with controlled T2D [mean (SD) duration: 10.6 (6.1) years; age: 57.5 (8.4) years; body mass index: 26.4 (2.6) kg m−²]. All participants performed five 6‐min periods of walking at different speeds (0.5–1.5 m s−1) on a treadmill. Mechanical data were recorded using an inertial measurement unit placed on the lower back with gas exchange being simultaneously monitored.

Results

Values of EE during walking estimated by the accelerometer method did not differ significantly from those measured by indirect calorimetry. Bias and root mean square error were −1.17 and 2.93 kJ min−1, respectively, on average across speeds.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that EE during walking may be accurately estimated in patients with diabetes mellitus using an accelerometer.
Retrospective analysis of South Australian pediatric oral and maxillofacial pathology over a 16‐year period
Authors: Huang Gwendolyn , Moore Lynette , Logan Richard M. , Gue Sumant
Published: March 2019

Aim

The epidemiological features and distribution of pediatric oral and maxillofacial pathology in South Australia, Australia, is unknown. The medical and dental specialties involved in the management of oral and maxillofacial pathology is also unknown. The aim of the present study was to audit oral and maxillofacial pathology specimens submitted for diagnosis in a pediatric tertiary‐referral hospital setting.

Methods

Histopathology records were retrieved from the Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide over a 16‐year period. Age, sex, histopathological diagnosis, location of the lesion, and department involved were recorded. Lesions were classified into 12 categories.

Results

A total of 676 lesions involving the oral and maxillofacial region were collected from patients aged 0‐18 years. The mean age was 8.71 years. Diagnosis was not significantly associated with sex (P = 0.123). A total of 97.37% of cases were benign, with connective tissue and salivary gland lesions most frequently biopsied and more frequently biopsied by medical departments. Mucoceles (19.23%) were most commonly diagnosed, followed by dentigerous cysts (5.62%). The Department of Paediatric Dentistry submitted most specimens, followed by the Department of Otolaryngology, the Australian Craniofacial Unit, and the Departments of Paediatric Surgery and Plastics.

Conclusion

The present study provides valuable understanding into the epidemiological features of, and the specialties involved in, oral and maxillofacial histopathology in an Australian pediatric population.
Clinical evidence of the efficacy and safety of a new 3‐in‐1 anti‐aging topical night serum‐in‐oil containing melatonin, bakuchiol, and ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate: 103 females treated from 28 to 84 days
Authors: Goldberg David J , Robinson Deanne Mraz , Granger Corinne
Published: March 2019

Background

Topical melatonin is a potent antioxidant, yet there have been few clinical studies on its anti‐aging effects on the skin.

Objectives

To clinically assess the anti‐aging efficacy and safety of a new 3‐in‐1 night facial serum (NFS) combining melatonin with bakuchiol, a novel retinol‐like ingredient, and ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate, in all skin types.

Methods

Five clinical studies were performed, with a total of 103 subjects treated from 28 to 84 days. Under dermatologist supervision, a 3‐month efficacy and safety study evaluated anti‐aging properties by clinical scoring and instrumental evaluations. Two studies evaluated skin hydration properties for 12 hours after a single application of NFS. Two studies were performed in oily skin: a 1‐month efficacy and safety study and a 1‐month comedogenesis study.

Results

After 12 weeks, clinical evaluation showed a statistically significant decrease in wrinkles (11%), an increase in skin firmness (8%), a reduction in redness (70%; P < 0.01 for all), and an overall improvement in skin quality and complexion. The reduction in wrinkles and the increase in skin firmness were also supported by instrumental evaluations (Dermatop and Dynaskin). Hydration levels increased significantly from 30 minutes until 12 hours and transepidermal water loss significantly decreased after 4H and 6H. Subjects favorably evaluated the efficacy and cosmetic properties of the serum, and it was well tolerated in all skin types including oily skin.

Conclusions

This 3‐in‐1 NFS showed significant clinical anti‐aging effects when applied once daily and was well tolerated.
The impact of a nurse‐led elective direct current cardioversion in atrial fibrillation on patient outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Manoj Sunitha , Moore Zena , Patton Declan , O'Connor Tom , Nugent Linda E.
Published: March 2019

Aims and objectives

To examine and present the success rate in relation to nurse‐led elective DCCV service in AF patients.

Background

As the incidence of AF increases healthcare settings will continue to face challenges in providing appropriate timely intervention. The provision of DCCV has primarily been medical‐led. Due to the increasing requirement of hospital beds, cost restriction and medical team stress the roles of nurse specialists have been driven to include elective DCCV.

Design

A systematic review with a narrative synthesis was undertaken.

Methods

The databases searched include the following: The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, Embase, Clinical Key, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and HSE library website. A total of 187 articles were identified, and seven studies were included for synthesis. The EBL checklist was used to assess validity. The PRISMA checklist was used for transparency.

Results

The results of this review show an acceptable complication rate, no negative patient outcomes and a high rhythm conversion success rate. A disparity was identified due to the lack of distinction between registered nurse (RGN), advanced nurse practitioner (ANP), advanced practice provider (APP) and nurse practitioner (NP) roles. These results support the belief that a highly skilled nurse in this specific background working in a supportive organisational framework can make a valuable contribution to such practices.

Conclusion

A structured nurse‐led elective DCCV service appears safe, effective and has a high success rate in restoration to sinus rhythm in AF. However, the need for further research in order to advance knowledge and support changes in nurse‐led DCCV practice is evident.

Relevance to clinical practice

This review demonstrates that a nurse‐led elective DCCV service appears safe and successful in restoring sinus rhythm. It has promising potential effects in terms of waiting time, cost saving and achieving patient satisfaction.
Expression of mitochondrial dynamics markers during melanoma progression: Comparative study of head and neck cutaneous and mucosal melanomas
Authors: Soares Ciro Dantas , de Lima Morais Thayná Melo , Mariano Fernanda Viviane , Altemani Albina , Corrêa Marcelo Brum , Reis Rodrigo Ribas Dias dos , Amorim Luciana Schultz , Ferreira Sonia Maria Soares , de Almeida Oslei Paes , Carlos Roman , Jorge Jacks
Published: March 2019

Background

Head and neck mucosal melanomas (MMs) are rare tumors with adverse outcomes and poorer prognoses than their more common cutaneous counterparts (cutaneous melanomas—CMs). Few studies have compared the expression of mitochondrial dynamic markers in these tumors. This study aimed to assess the correlations of mitochondrial markers with melanoma progression and their potential as predictors of lymph node involvement and distant metastasis.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry against anti‐mitochondrial (AMT), dynamin‐related protein 1 (DRP1), mitochondrial fission protein 1 (FIS1), mitofusin‐1 (MFN1), and mitofusin‐2 (MFN2) antibodies was performed in 112 cases of head and neck CM and MM. A Cox regression multivariate model was used to assess the correlation of AMT, FIS1, and MFN2 expressions considering the risk for nodal and distant metastasis.

Results

All markers studied presented higher staining in tumor cells than normal adjacent tissues. Higher mitochondrial content was observed in MM than in CM, and it was significantly associated with nodal metastasis in oral melanomas. Both FIS1 and DRP1 expressions were related to advanced Clark's levels in CM, and they were overexpressed in oral melanomas. Moreover, increased immunoexpression of MFN2 was significantly associated with a higher risk of metastasis in CM, and it was also overexpressed in sinonasal melanomas.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that mitochondrial fission and fusion processes can play an important role during multiple stages of tumorigenesis and the development of nodal and distant metastasis in cutaneous and mucosal melanomas.
The Relationship of Physical Activity From Physical Education with Perceived Peer Acceptance Across Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Lee Seungmin , Shin Myoungjin , Smith Alan L.
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND

Although physical activity can play a positive role in psychosocial development, few studies have longitudinally examined the relationship between physical activity from physical education (PA from PE) and perceived peer acceptance (PPA).

METHODS

Data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey were used with 1908 elementary students from the first (age 10 years) to the 4‐year panel (age 13 years), and 1954 middle‐school students from the first (age 14 years) to the 4‐year panel (age 17 years). We analyzed the data using latent curve modeling.

RESULTS

In childhood, an increase in the amount of PA from PE over time positively corresponds with positive linear tendency of PPA over time. In adolescence, a decrease in the amount of PA from PE over time negatively corresponds with positive linear tendency toward PPA over time. Thus, PPA changes are positively associated with PA from PE across both childhood and adolescence.

CONCLUSIONS

Our data suggest that the amount of PA obtained in PE is salient to perceived peer acceptance of both children and adolescents. Other variables (eg, friendship, self‐presentational processes) that might affect this relationship should be explored.
The Cabo Frio upwelling overrides geographical patterns in the population dynamics of the shrimp Artemesia longinaris Spence Bate, 1888 (Decapoda: Penaeidae)
Authors: Carvalho‐Batista Abner , Pantaleão João Alberto Farinelli , Castilho Antonio Leão , Costa Rogério Caetano da
Published: March 2019

Upwelling areas are among the most productive ecosystems on the planet, influencing the biology of marine organisms. This study investigated the population dynamics of the shrimp Artemesia longinaris in two regions in southeastern Brazil, one inside (Macaé—Rio de Janeiro State) and one outside (Ubatuba—State of São Paulo) the Cabo Frio upwelling area. The aim was to verify the influence of the upwelling phenomenon on the abundance, growth, longevity, size of sexual maturity, and reproductive period of the species. In total, 188,902 individuals were captured at Macaé and 3,461 at Ubatuba. Individuals captured at Macaé showed larger maximum size, higher longevity, and slower growth rate, besides reaching sexual maturity at larger sizes than at Ubatuba. Continuous reproduction was observed in both regions, with juvenile recruitment peaks in spring and summer. Local conditions observed at Macaé were influenced by the Cabo Frio upwelling zone, characterized by productive and cooler waters that are around 20°C during most of the year. The upwelling phenomenon is probably the main factor influencing the population parameters studied here, changing the geographic patterns previously observed for the variation of these parameters in A. longinaris.
Industrial Relations Reform, Firm‐Level Bargaining and Nominal Wage Floors
Authors: Giannakopoulos Nicholas , Laliotis Ioannis
Published: March 2019

We investigate the impact of the 2011 industrial relations reform in Greece that made firms with less than 50 employees eligible to participate to firm‐level bargaining. Matching administrative contractual data with longitudinal firm‐level data we identify firms affected and not affected by the reform. We find that during the first post‐reform year, affected firms with less than 50 employees experienced a 4.8 per cent increase in the probability of firm‐level contracting and a 12 per cent drop in wage floors relative to not affected firms. We also report estimates regarding the post‐reform employment effect of firm‐level bargaining.
When flowering plants ruled Antarctica: evidence from Cretaceous pollen grains
Authors: Barreda Viviana D. , Palazzesi Luis , Olivero Eduardo B.
Published: March 2019

The replacement of seed‐free plants and gymnosperms by flowering plants during the Cretaceous is one of the most important biotic events in the evolution of life. However, the magnitude of this global turnover remains largely unknown.

Here we present sampling‐standardized diversity estimates from a high resolution palynological record of the Late Cretaceous (85–66 Ma) from Antarctica, in the context of the past climatic events.

Our fossil evidence reveals the occurrence of a rich Campanian flora peaking at c. 80 Ma, with angiosperms as the most diverse group of plants for the first time in Antarctica. This peak of diversity was followed by a period of a stepwise deterioration; 60% of ferns and 40% of gymnosperms became locally extinct from the early/mid‐Campanian to the late Maastrichtian. Although angiosperms also faced several extinctions – 25% became extinct – they were far less affected than nonangiosperms.

The onset of deterioration of the greenhouse conditions at the end of the Cretaceous – low CO2 and global cooling trends – would have led to our observed pattern of change. Overall, our study reveals the beginning of a profound floristic turnover in the highest southern latitudes that pre‐dates the major extinction event of the end of the Cretaceous by 15 Myr.
Critically important antibiotics: criteria and approaches for measuring and reducing their use in food animal agriculture
Authors: Scott H. Morgan , Acuff Gary , Bergeron Gilles , Bourassa Megan W. , Gill Jason , Graham David W. , Kahn Laura H. , Morley Paul S. , Salois Matthew Jude , Simjee Shabbir , Singer Randall S. , Smith Tara C. , Storrs Carina , Wittum Thomas E.
Published: March 2019

Globally, increasing acquired antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic bacteria presents an urgent challenge to human and animal health. As a result, significant efforts, such as the One Health Initiative, are underway to curtail and optimize the use of critically important antimicrobials for human medicine in all applications, including food animal production. This review discusses the rationale behind multiple and competing “critically important antimicrobial” lists and their contexts as created by international, regional, and national organizations; identifies discrepancies among these lists; and describes issues surrounding risk management recommendations that have been made by regulatory organizations on the use of antibiotics in food animal production. A more harmonized approach to defining criticality in its various contexts (e.g., for human versus animal health, enteric diseases versus other systemic infections, and direct versus indirect selection of resistance) is needed in order to identify shared contextual features, aid in their translation into risk management, and identify the best ways to maintain the health of food animals, all while keeping in mind the wider risks of antimicrobial resistance, environmental impacts, and animal welfare considerations.
The digital revolution and its impact on mental health care
Authors: Bucci Sandra , Schwannauer Matthias , Berry Natalie
Published: March 2019

The digital revolution is evolving at an unstoppable pace. Alongside the unprecedented explosion of digital technology facilities and systems, mental health care is under greater pressure than ever before. With its emphasis on big data, computing power, mobile technology, and network information, digital technology is set to transform health care delivery. This article reviews the field of digital health technology assessment and intervention primarily in secondary service mental health care, including the barriers and facilitators to adopting and implementing digitally mediated interventions in service delivery. We consider the impact of digitally mediated communication on human interaction and its potential impact on various mental states such as those linked to mood, anxiety but also well‐being. These developments point to a need for both theory‐ and data‐driven approaches to digital health care. We argue that, as developments in digital technology are outpacing the evaluation of rigorous digital health interventions, more advanced methodologies are needed to keep up with the pace of digital technology development. The need for co‐production of digital tools with and for people with chronic and mental health difficulties, and implications of digital technology for psychotherapy practice, will be central to this development.

Practitioner points

Mental health problems are one of the main causes of global and societal burden and are a growing public health.

People with mental health problems around the world have limited, if any, chance of accessing psychological help at all.

Technological innovations and solutions are being considered in an attempt to address the size and scale of the mental health crisis worldwide.

Digital platforms allow people to self‐monitor and self‐manage in a way that face‐to‐face/paper‐based methods of assessment have up until now not allowed.

We provide examples of digital tools that are being developed and used in the secondary setting and identify a number of challenges in the digital health field that require careful consideration.
The impact of phytoestrogen source supplementation on reproductive performance, plasma profile, yolk fatty acids and antioxidative status in aged laying hens
Authors: Saleh Ahmed A. , Ahmed Enas A. M. , Ebeid Tarek A.
Published: March 2019

Contents

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of flaxseeds and/or fenugreek seeds as a source of phytoestrogens in laying feed on productive performance, egg quality, yolk fatty acids, plasma profile and antioxidative status in aged laying hens. A total of 120 Bovans Brown hens at 65 weeks of age were housed individually in laying cages in an open‐sided building under a 16‐hr light: 8‐hr dark lighting schedule. Hens were randomly divided into four experimental treatments (n = 30 each): (a) control (basal diet without any supplementation); (b) 1 g/kg of flaxseeds; (c) 1 g/kg of fenugreek seeds; and (d) combination of 1 g/kg flaxseeds and 1 g/kg fenugreek seeds from 65 to 71 weeks of age. Hen‐day egg production and egg mass were significantly increased by dietary supplementation of flaxseeds and/or fenugreek seeds, while feed intake was not affected; thus, feed conversion ratio was improved (p < 0.05). Weights of egg, albumen, yolk and shell were increased by the dietary treatments. Shell thickness and yolk colour were improved by supplementation of flaxseeds and/or fenugreek seeds. Yolk crude protein was not significantly affected by treatments; however, crude fat and calcium contents in yolk were increased and egg yolk cholesterol content was decreased. Interestingly, dietary supplementation of flaxseeds, fenugreek seeds and their combination had a significant positive effect on plasma luteinizing hormone, follicle‐stimulating hormone, oestradiol‐17β and triglycerides. Inclusion of flaxseeds and/or fenugreek seeds in the diets enhanced the serum glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities and reduced the malondialdehyde and total cholesterol concentrations in plasma. Dietary supplementation of flaxseeds and/or fenugreek seeds increased α‐linolenic and linoleic acids in egg yolk. It could be concluded that inclusion of mixed sources of phytoestrogens in diets improved laying performance, egg quality, the antioxidative status, hormonal profile and steroidogenesis in aged laying hens.
Scalable Importance Tempering and Bayesian Variable Selection
Authors: Zanella Giacomo , Roberts Gareth
Published: March 2019

We propose a Monte Carlo algorithm to sample from high dimensional probability distributions that combines Markov chain Monte Carlo and importance sampling. We provide a careful theoretical analysis, including guarantees on robustness to high dimensionality, explicit comparison with standard Markov chain Monte Carlo methods and illustrations of the potential improvements in efficiency. Simple and concrete intuition is provided for when the novel scheme is expected to outperform standard schemes. When applied to Bayesian variable-selection problems, the novel algorithm is orders of magnitude more efficient than available alternative sampling schemes and enables fast and reliable fully Bayesian inferences with tens of thousand regressors.
Intradialytic virtual reality exercise: Increasing physical activity through technology
Authors: Segura‐Ortí Eva , García‐Testal Alicia
Published: March 2019

Intradialytic exercise can improve physical function and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in hemodialysis (HD) patients, but is not implemented in routine clinical practice. Virtual reality (VR) exercise has resulted in benefits in non‐dialysis contexts, but implementation in HD patients has been limited. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of VR, present the results of a 12‐week intradialytic VR exercise intervention, and compare VR to conventional exercise. The secondary aim was to review the effect of VR exercise during the last 30 minutes of the HD session on hemodynamic stability. We conclude that VR exercise during HD is safe and can improve physical function and HRQoL, and can be performed safely toward the end of the HD session.