bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Personality as the Predictor of Treatment Experiences: A Combined Focus on Relaxation and Catharsis
Authors: Lloyd B. F. , Gannon P. M.
Published: May 2005

Examines the relationship between fifty-eight participants' pre-treatment personality scores and subsequent ratings of either relaxation or catharsis. Participants completed the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire prior to their treatment workshops and the Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory as the measure of their treatment-experience within the workshops. Multivariate Multiple Regression Analyses show personality as a significant predictor of treatment-experience. Univariate analyses reveal different aspects of the treatment-experience are predicted by different functions of personality described as either dispositional-mood or style. As a mood-measure, high Negative Emotionality predicts high Internal Dialogue and low Rationality. Style variables of high Absorption, low Constraint, low Harmavoidance, and high Social Closeness predict the self-altering features of the treatment-experiences. The implication is that personality, through the vicissitudes of mood and the stability of style, provides the structure for our experiences.
An Empirical Demonstration of the Interactive Influence of Distance and Flatness Information on Size Perception in Pictures
Authors: Miller R. J.
Published: May 2005

There is abundant evidence that both depth and flatness information influence the perception of size in pictures. In general, as depth information increases in salience, size perception approaches size constancy. Likewise, as flatness information increases in salience, size perception departs from size constancy and is influenced more by the size of the retinal image. There is relatively little empirical evidence, however, of their cumulative effects. With college students as participants, saliencies of depth and flatness information were independently manipulated in a factorial design, using colored photographs and drawings based on those photographs. In addition, two types of instructions were used, those that encouraged size constancy and those that encouraged responses based solely on retinal image size. Results showed that the salience of depth information and the salience of flatness information had a cumulative effect on size perception. For example, the combined effects of higher depth salience and lower flatness salience produced responses more closely approaching size constancy than did other combinations of depth and flatness salience. Furthermore, while instructions had a large effect in the expected direction (i.e., instructions encouraging size constancy resulted in responses that approached size constancy, and instructions encouraging attention to the size of the retinal image produced responses reflecting much less size constancy), the relative influences of depth and flatness salience were very similar for both types of instruction.
Consultation Issues on a Cancer Ward: The Hidden Agenda
Authors: Nehemkis Alexis M. , Stampp Michele , Amaral Phyllis
Published: May 2005

This article describes a taxonomy of the hidden agenda contained in consultation issues identified during the authors' two years experience with the Oncology Unit of a large Veterans Administration Medical Center. The authors found that in an overwhelming majority of cases the motivation for referral was overdetermined. Not infrequently it was found that the staff was in need of support, while patients worked out their own destiny. A framework for understanding the conceptual themes of the taxonomy is formulated in terms of general systems theory.
Supporting Teacher Education with Computer-Based Telecommunication Systems
Authors: Burlbaw Lynn Matthew
Published: May 2005

Computer-based telecommunication systems have the potential to change the way people communicate, both on and off the job. This article reports how university students seeking initial teacher certification are trained in the use of one computer-based telecommunication system and how the system is used to support their academic studies and their experiences in student teaching and beginning teaching. Beginning teachers who have been trained in computer use for communication and resource retrieval have the potential to be leaders in the public schools as technology becomes more and more pervasive in modern life.
Computers and Concepts in Physics: An N.S.F. Summer Institute
Authors: Erlichson Herman
Published: May 2005

This article concerns a National Science Foundation project which centered around a summer institute for high school physics teachers. The dual focus of the institute was on computational programs in instructional physics and on concepts in physics. Twenty teachers from eleven states participated in this program. This article describes the summer program and its follow-up, and lists a wide variety of microcomputer projects which the participants developed. These projects are available to any interested physics teacher who writes the author and supplies a double-sided diskette.
One-Eyed Science: Scientists, Workplace Reproductive Hazards, and the Right to Work
Authors: Messing Karen
Published: May 2005

Although most occupational health research has been done with male subjects and on jobs traditionally done by men, research on reproductive hazards is an exception. Researchers were late to realize that men were exposed to reproductive hazards. However, women's health problems have been excluded from the large scientific literature on reproductive hazards, which has concentrated on hazards to fetuses. This is true even of much feminist-oriented research. This neglect is attributable to a reluctance to emphasize health hazards for women at work, since identifying those specific to women may militate against women's employment. Union action is in fact necessary to protect access to employment and health at the same time.
Religious Attendance and Cause of Death over 31 Years
Authors: Oman Doug , Kurata John H. , Strawbridge William J. , Cohen Richard D.
Published: May 2005

Objective:

Frequent attendance at religious services has been reported by several studies to be independently associated with lower all-cause mortality. The present study aimed to clarify relationships between religious attendance and mortality by examining how associations of religious attendance with several specific causes of death may be explained by demographics, socioeconomic status, health status, health behaviors, and social connections.

Method:

Associations between frequent religious attendance and major types of cause-specific mortality between 1965 and 1996 were examined for 6545 residents of Alameda County, California. Sequential proportional hazards regressions were used to study survival time until mortality from circulatory, cancer, digestive, respiratory, or external causes.

Results:

After adjusting for age and sex, infrequent (never or less than weekly) attenders had significantly higher rates of circulatory, cancer, digestive, and respiratory mortality ( p < 0.05), but not mortality due to external causes. Differences in cancer mortality were explained by prior health status. Associations with other outcomes were weakened but not eliminated by including health behaviors and prior health status. In fully adjusted models, infrequent attenders had significantly or marginally significantly higher rates of death from circulatory (relative hazard [RH] = 1.21, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.02 to 1.45), digestive (RH = 1.99, p < 0.10, 95 percent CI = 0.98 to 4.03), and respiratory (RH = 1.66, p < 0.10, 95 percent CI = 0.92 to 3.02) mortality.

Conclusions:

These results are consistent with the view that religious involvement, like high socioeconomic status, is a general protective factor that promotes health through a variety of causal pathways. Further study is needed to determine whether the independent effects of religion are mediated by psychological states or other unknown factors.
Sickle Cell Disease and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Alao Adekola O. , Soderberg Maureen
Published: May 2005

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a common condition among African Americans. It is associated with severe complications including severe pain in the chest, back, abdomen, or extremities. Individuals with SCD also have a reduced life span. Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition increasingly being recognized. In this article we discuss, to our knowledge, the first case of a patient with comorbid sickle cell disease and post-traumatic stress disorder.
Preventive Reassignment of Pregnant or Breast-Feeding Workers: The Québec Model
Authors: Lippel Katherine
Published: May 2005

This article examines the Québec legislation regarding the preventive reassignment of pregnant or breast-feeding workers, a program designed to enable pregnant workers to obtain safe work or paid leave during pregnancy. The author describes the program, considers the role of treating physicians and public health physicians in its application, and concludes with an analysis of its qualities and drawbacks. Conclusions are based on the analysis of 349 Appeal Tribunal decisions representing all final appeal decisions relating to the program that circumscribe conditions of application, particularly in relation to definition of hazards and the role of doctors in adjudication. Although this program is currently unique in North America, the author suggests that it may serve as a model for other jurisdictions, providing a progressive alternative to traditional fetal protection policies.
Technical Writing and the Rhetoric of Science
Authors: Halloran S. Michael
Published: May 2005

The traditional view of rhetoric and science as sharply distinct has helped reduce the technical writing course to mere vocational training. Current thinking in rhetorical theory and philosophy of science supports the contrasting view that science is rhetorical. Salient aspects of the rhetoric of science are illustrated by Crick and Watson's discovery of the structure of DNA, as recorded in Watson's The Double Helix [1]. Analysis of the rhetoric of science suggests that the study of technical writing could be central to liberal education for a technological society.
The Effect of Verbal Instruction and Artistic Background on the Aesthetic Judgment of Rectangles
Authors: Hekkert Paul , Peper C. (Lieke) E. , Van Wieringen Piet C. W.
Published: May 2005

A review of studies on the judgment of rectangle proportions pointed out that individual differences in preference might be partly due to differences in verbal instructions given to the subjects. In the present experiment two types of instruction were used and their effects on both naive and experienced (art school) subjects were assessed. Following a subjective instruction, emphasizing personal preference, mean ratings of naive subjects revealed a preference peak around the Golden Section, whereas mean ratings of experienced viewers peaked at the square. In the objective condition, involving judgment of the goodness of proportion regardless of personal liking, the mean preferences of both groups clearly tended toward the square. Individual preference functions partly confirmed these mean patterns, but demonstrated large intersubject variability. Moreover, the naive viewers were significantly more consistent in their ratings than the experienced ones.
Mourning and Bereavement among Jewish Religious Families: A Time for Reflection and Recovery
Authors: Schindler Ruben
Published: May 2005

This article explores mourning and bereavement practices among Jewish traditional families. Enabling the individual to grieve in solitude and freeing one from religious obligations is the first step in the mourning process. Referred to as Aninut this time period enables one to care for the deceased and reflect upon one's loss. The shiva (7 days of mourning) cycle includes a number of important rituals from the recitation of the Kaddish to supporting the grieved. Mourning in Jewish life is viewed in terms of honoring the deceased, comforting mourners, and rehabilitating the bereaved. Though the directives explored in this article are found among Jewish religious families, their implications have universal appeal.
Social Science and Health Policy in Eastern Europe: Poland as a Case Study
Authors: Sokolowska Magdalena
Published: May 2005

The paper deals with aspects of sociology, social policy, and health, with particular reference to the Polish experience. Some traits of Polish sociology are characterized, especially its pragmatic approach and its relationship with social practice. Also, two methodologic models of practical applications of sociology as proposed in the Polish literature are discussed, the first based on the assumption that sociology should be integrated into all spheres of social life, and the second calling for a fundamental reorientation of sociology. An attempt is made to show how health is being incorporated in the applied social sciences and social engineering. The current situation relating to utilization of sociologic studies in various spheres of Polish practice is discussed, particularly in the area of health.
Neoliberalism Revised? A Critical Account of World Bank Conceptions of Good Governance and Market Friendly Intervention
Authors: Kiely Ray
Published: May 2005

This article examines recent World Bank reports on the role of the state in the development process, with particular reference to the rise of the East Asian newly industrializing countries and the crisis of “governance” in sub-Saharan Africa. The concepts of market friendly intervention and good governance are critically discussed, and are found to be inadequate as explanations for East Asian “success” and African “failure.” The author presents an alternative explanation for the rise of the newly industrializing countries, which draws out some of the implications for the developing world.
The Hospice Movement: Institutionalizing Innovation
Authors: Abel Emily K.
Published: May 2005

The early leaders of the hospice movement shared a number of attitudes with the founders of the alternative institutions of the 1960s and early 1970s: nostalgia for simple, old fashioned ways, dissatisfaction with bureaucratic and authoritarian institutions, faith in the power of nature, a determination to avoid domination by experts, and a desire to improve the quality of personal relationships. However, as hospices have become better established, they gradually have been incorporated into the dominant health care system and have lost their uniqueness. Some have affiliated with hospitals or home health agencies. Even autonomous organizations are subject to pressures for accommodation because they rely on the established order for resources, personnel, and political acceptance. Organizations receiving payment under the new Medicare benefit must adhere to a set of regulations that may distort the movement. Though creation of this benefit may have been facilitated by increased support for hospice ideals, the government views hospices primarily as a way to save money. Paradoxically, as hospices have grown in popularity, the critical force of the movement has been blunted.
Consciousness, Self-Deception and Psychotherapy: An Analogue Study
Authors: Lettieri Richard J.
Published: May 2005

Clinicians believe that increased self-awareness is synonymous with successful therapeutic outcome, and the reduction of self-deception is viewed as evidence of meaningful personality change. Despite this, no empirical work has been done on measuring the change in self-deceptive tendencies over the course of psychotherapy. The present investigation is an analogue study on the relationship between self-awareness enhancing psychotherapy and its effect on client self-deception and mental health. One hundred and twenty junior college students participated in the investigation. Self-awareness training was found to have no effect on self-deception levels, but a positive effect on mental health scores. The results suggest that self-examination and the reduction of self-deception may not always be desirable or possible in therapy.
Prototypicality Revisited: A Rejoinder to Hekkert and Snelders
Authors: Boselie Frans
Published: May 2005

Contrary to Hekkert and Snelders' view, the published evidence clearly suggests that a straightforward preference-for-prototypes model of aesthetic preference will not do. It is argued that the model is incomplete in an essential respect, and an alternative approach to the study of aesthetic preferences is outlined.
Maternal and Infant Care: Comparisons between Western Europe and the United States
Authors: Miller C. Arden
Published: May 2005

A series of studies between 1986 and 1990 gathered data on maternal and infant care in ten Western European countries with lower infant mortality rates than the United States and compared the findings both within the European countries and in aggregate with the United States. Results from these studies reveal great variation among the study countries in how perinatal care is financed, staffed by professional and nonprofessional health workers, and provided by public clinics or private offices, and in the number of and locale of the recommended number of prenatal visits. Invariably consistent among the study countries is the nearly complete enrollment of childbearing women in early and continuous prenatal care, and the strong linkage of that care to a generous spectrum of social supports and financial benefits. None of the benefits generally pertains in the United States. The relevance of these observations for the United States suggests that current policies intended to lower economic barriers to a highly medicalized version of maternity care may yield disappointing results unless the perinatal sequence is linked to a more generous set of maternity-related social supports and financial benefits than is now contemplated.
Specialized Production in the Southwest: A Case from Arroyo Hondo (LA-12)
Authors: Bronitsky Gordon
Published: May 2005

The Pueblo IV period in the northern Rio Grande valley of New Mexico (AD 1200–1540) was one of increasing climatic and demographic variability. Analysis of certain chipped stone tools from Arroyo Hondo, New Mexico (LA-12) has provided an understanding of some of the means prehistoric populations in the region employed to cope with this variability, focusing on changes in productive strategy. A theoretical model of resource restriction is presented, derived from general ecological studies and recent research into the relationships between population growth and cultural change. Selected lithic data are used to test implications of the model. The results of these tests and their bearing on the general model are then discussed.
Death-Related Experience and Professional Support among Nursing Staff in Aids Care Facilities
Authors: Demmer Craig
Published: May 2005

This study explores the death-related experience of AIDS care nurses and the availability of worksite support services to help them cope with caring for dying AIDS patients. The participants of the study were 197 nurses working in seven AIDS nursing facilities in New York City. Seventy-eight were registered nurses, forty-three were licensed practical nurses, and seventy-six were certified nursing assistants. The major finding was that respondents had substantial experience with dying AIDS patients, yet over a third of them did not have support services available where they worked to help them cope. The results suggest that nursing staff in AIDS care facilities should be provided with ongoing support services that are easily accessible.
Villages, Demography and Subsistence Intensification on the Southern Columbia Plateau
Authors: Ames Kenneth M. , Marshall Alan G.
Published: May 2005

Semi-sedentary villages were established on the southern Columbia plateau by 4300 years before present. Demographic changes accompanying this event included a major shift in human population dispersion. While previous archaeological explanations have emphasized salmon productivity as the major variable in these changes, archaeological and ethnological evidence strongly supports the view that intensification of plant exploitation was the critical subsistence change. Subsistence intensification, sedentism and demographic change in this region are directly relevant to more general questions concerning sedentism among foragers.
Enhancing Student Learning and Retention through the Merger of the Academic and Student Affairs Unit: The Olivet Plan
Authors: Walters Evon
Published: May 2005

This article is based upon a case study that highlights one private liberal arts institution, Olivet College, which embarked upon an institutional transformation process that merged both the academic and student affairs units into one. The objective of such an undertaking was to enhance student learning, strengthen the connection between the curriculum and the co-curriculum, and expand upon assessing student-learning outcomes. The article presents the societal context and guiding assumptions as they relate to the complex tasks of merging both divisions. It introduces the conceptual framework behind the Olivet Plan, highlighting the basic theoretical tenets on student learning that guided its process of institutional change. The case study will highlight the objectives, process, challenges, and successes of this model.
How Technical Communicators Feel about Their Occupation: Facets, Attitudes, and Implications for the Future of the Profession
Authors: Philbin Alice I. , Ryan Ann Marie , Friedel Lisa
Published: May 2005

To study the affective states of technical communicators, we administered a survey to examine three areas: first, the traditional facets or aspects of job satisfaction; second, any possible differences between male and female technical communicators in job satisfaction; and third, any influences on job satisfaction such as job stress that might be unique to the technical communication profession. To ensure the reliability and validity of the measures, the survey included the Job Descriptive Index (JDI), the most widely used measure of job satisfaction in the world. The sample from the Society for Technical Communication's (STC's) membership list yielded 323 usable responses. Our analyses included: a comparison of our subjects' responses to national norms for all occupations, an examination of male and female differences on satisfaction measures, and the use of various appropriate statistical procedures to select only the most significant results for discussion. The results indicate that technical communicators are satisfied with their compensation and opportunities for promotion, but they are dissatisfied with the work itself, their supervision, and their co-workers. No significant gender differences occurred. Implications are discussed.
Toward the Development of Realistic Measures of Performance Effectiveness
Authors: Swezey Robert W.
Published: May 2005

A general discussion of measurement models for use in performance testing is presented. Included are comments on the use of norm, criterion, objective, and domain-referenced measurement. Additionally, several appropriate components of behavioral objectives including performances, conditions, and standards are discussed; as are various item formats and levels of fidelity in performance testing. Objectivity of measurement, product versus process scoring, and assistance versus no assistance scoring in performance testing contexts are considered; as are various reliability and validity estimation techniques including content, concurrent and predictive validity.
Enduring Psychiatric and Neuropsychologic Sequelae in the Post-Encephalitis Patient
Authors: Deaton A. V. , Craft S. , Skenazy J.
Published: May 2005

Initial presentations of encephalitis are sometimes misdiagnosed as psychoses due to the predominance of psychiatric symptoms and frequently negative neurological work-ups. It is likely that many of these errors are never discovered. The patient described herein is an exception. Her symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment have now been followed for nearly two years and suggest not only that the initial diagnosis was in error but also that both psychiatric and organic symptoms can endure as sequelae of encephalitis. Questions regarding optimal treatment and reasons for clinical improvement are addressed.
Toward a Social Structural Understanding of Occupational Hazards in Public Health
Authors: Skillen D. Lynn
Published: May 2005

An exploratory study was completed in 1992 in five autonomous public health unit organizations situated in urban and rural settings in northern, central, and southern regions of the Province of Alberta, Canada, with a sample of 57 staff and managerial public health nurses. Self-administered questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and moderated focus groups were used in a two-stage data collection procedure to describe subjects' perceived work hazards, conceptualize the organizational factors underlying their work hazards, and report their suggestions for change. Frequency distributions and descriptive statistics were obtained for the perceived work hazards. Results of the constant comparative method of analysis indicate that organizational factors are inseparable from the hazards perceived by subjects in both their physical and psychosocial work environments. Moreover, elements of a grounded theory of organizational hazard surveillance emerge from the data. Running throughout the elements (conceptual categories derived from interview data) is the theme of power and dependency. The social structural factors underlying occupational hazards are discussed in terms of the organizational factors associated with the safety, physical, ergonomic, and biological hazards perceived by subjects in their physical work environments.
The Efficacy of Hypnotic and Nonhypnotic Response-Based Imagery for Self-Managing Recurrent Headache
Authors: Nolan Robert P. , Spanos Nicholas P. , Hayward Amber A. , Scott Heather A.
Published: May 2005

Two experiments investigated the use of hypnotic and nonhypnotic response-based imagery training for recurrent headache. In Experiment 1, subjects with symptoms of chronic migraine headache (CMH), or chronic mixed migraine/tension headache (Mixed CMH/CTH) were assigned to a Hypnotic or Nonhypnotic Imagery group, or to a Monitoring Control group. Treatment efficacy was assessed over two-week intervals, at Baseline, Post-treatment, and three successive follow-up periods. In Experiment 2, subjects with symptoms of chronic tension headache (CTH) were assigned to four conditions (Hypnotic Imagery/Nonhypnotic Imagery/Placebo/Monitoring Control), and studied across two-week intervals at Baseline, Post-treatment, and eight-week Follow-up. Hypnotic and Nonhypnotic Imagery conditions did not differ in demonstrating efficacy in reducing headache activity in both experiments. Treatment outcome was not associated with medication consumption, or actual changes in physiologic processes (cardiovascular functioning and frontalis EMG). Headache reduction was not correlated with hypnotizability or the trait propensity to engage in vivid imagery. These results replicate and extend previous findings, and support the use of imagery strategies as a treatment component in pain management programs.
Conducting “Siteless Survey”: Results from Coastal New England
Authors: Kerber Jordan E.
Published: May 2005

Selecting an effective archaeological survey takes careful consideration given the interaction of several variables, such as the survey's goals, nature of the data base, and budget constraints. This article provides justification for a “siteless survey” using evidence from a project on Potowomut Neck in Rhode Island whose objective was not to locate sites but to examine the distribution and density of prehistoric remains to test an hypothesis related to land use patterns. The survey strategy, random walk, was chosen because it possessed the advantages of probabilistic testing, as well as the ease of locating sample units. The results were within the limits of statistical validity and were found unable to reject the hypothesis. “Siteless survey” may be successfully applied in similar contexts where the distribution and density of materials, as opposed to ambiguously defined sites, are sought as evidence of land use patterns, in particular, and human adaptation, in general.
From Symmetry to Anthropophagy: The Cultural Context of Maori Art
Authors: Hanson F. Allan
Published: May 2005

J. D. H. and Gabrielle Donnay have produced an instructive and fascinating analysis of Maori rafter designs. My task is to add a few thoughts from an anthropological perspective, to expand upon their insights by placing them in a broader perspective of Maori art and culture. The article will develop something like the spiral motif that is so common in Maori art, covering an increasingly wide area as it goes along. It begins with a few comments about Maori rafter patterns ( kowhaiwhai), the particular subject of the Donnay's article. Next it relates structures of symmetry and antisymmetry in rafter designs to other elements of Maori art. Finally, it suggests connections between those artistic patterns and other aspects of Maori culture. The discussion will concern traditional rather than contemporary Maori culture-as it was up to roughly the middle of the nineteenth century.
Strategies for Achieving Research Utilization in the Bangladesh Population Program: Implications for Health Education
Authors: Khan Nurul Islam , Reynolds Richard
Published: May 2005

Effective research utilization in program planning and implementation is a continuing problem in both developed and less developed nations. This is particularly so in social programs. This paper addresses the issue from the standpoint of some twelve years of experience in the Bangladesh population program. The focus of this paper is on communication between administrators and researchers—the problems that arise, and the strategies that may be used to facilitate communication in order to improve use of research findings.
Learning and Technology: Distributed Collaborative Learning Using Real-World Cases
Authors: Davis Richard , Schlais Dennis
Published: May 2005

Collaborative learning has been shown to have positive learning outcomes for students. As more companies do business globally, distance communication and collaboration among employees and business partners is becoming critically important. Technological change is enabling instructors to explore different ways to use collaborative learning pedagogies. Internet technology has revolutionized communication capabilities and has led to a variety of delivery systems for media transmission. This paper describes the application of Internet technologies for collaboration of distributed student teams working on real-world case problems.
Technical Communications and the Law: Product Liability and Safety Labels
Authors: Smith Herb
Published: May 2005

Studies show that products are often judged defective for one or more of the following reasons: 1) manufacturing defects, 2) design defects, 3) inadequate warnings, and 4) inadequate instructions [1, p. 127]. The last two reasons are of particular importance to technical communicators, for we function as the information specialists who link the companies that make the products to the people who use the products. This article examines the relationship between warranties and product liability. It includes a discussion of American National Standards Institute (ANSI) guidelines for safety labels in the workplace and an analysis of warnings and labels as they apply to the pharmaceutical industry. In its closing section, the article discusses some of the key references that technical communicators can consult for additional information on product liability and safety labels.
System Design for Communication Packages
Authors: Stratton Charles R.
Published: May 2005

System design for communication packages involves assessing communication needs and designing a set of communication vehicles to meet these needs. An earlier article dealt with needs assessment. After presenting three axioms of communication system design, this article reviews the basic input for design—the needs assessment matrix—and then discusses the implications of this input and additional design considerations. Finally, the article presents a seven-step process that can be used to formalize communication system design.

The charts and diagrams referred to are to be found in the earlier article.
Middle and Late Woodland Settlement Systems in the Interior Fall Zone of the Potomac Valley: Not a Live Oyster in Sight
Authors: Johnson Michael F.
Published: May 2005

Recent excavations at two sites, Karell and Taft, in Fairfax County, Virginia yielded significant information on Middle and Late Woodland ceramics. These in junction with other Native American sites in the Fairfax County inventory have yielded many valuable insights into settlement patterns in interior (non-riverine) and upland environments.
On Stone Procurement and Settlement Mobility in Eastern Fluted Point Groups
Authors: Meltzer David J.
Published: May 2005

The presence of “exotic” lithic material in an assemblage serves as a measure of the mobility of a settlement system. Its validity depends on the accurate identification of stone types and their source location. Much important research has focused on these topics, but often ignored are mechanisms of natural stone transport. It is generally assumed that “exotic” stone material at a site was procured by the site's inhabitants at the outcrop source. This assumption is particularly unwarranted in the glaciated eastern United States, where stone is transported great distances in cobble form by geological processes. This action may be a major source of “exotic” lithic material in site localities. Analysis of debitage and the diversity of lithic material in an assemblage aids in recognizing the effects of natural stone transport. Such analyses are necessary in interpreting the degree of settlement mobility among eastern Paleo-indian groups.
Death Concern and Attitudes toward the Elderly in Nursing Home Personnel as a Function of Training
Authors: Depaola Stephen J. , Neimeyer Roberta , Ross Stephanie K.
Published: May 2005

The present project investigated the relationship between death fear, attitudes toward the elderly, and personal anxiety toward one's own aging in a group of nursing home employees. Contrary to predictions, nursing professionals (i.e., Registered Nurses, Licensed Practical Nurses) did not have higher levels of death concern when compared to Nursing Assistants; in fact, Nursing Assistants had higher levels of death concerns on four components of death fear (fear of the dead, fear of the unknown, fear of consciousness when dead, and fear for body after death). The results also indicated that Nursing Assistants displayed significantly fewer positive attitudes toward the elderly than did nursing professionals.
Counseling for Depression by Primary Care Providers
Authors: Meredith Lisa S. , Mazel Rebecca M.
Published: May 2005

Objective:

Primary care providers (PCPs) deliver a significant amount of depression care, yet little is known about the content of clinical encounters with depressed patients. We describe the extent to which PCP's encounters with depressed and non-depressed patients involve psychotherapeutic counseling relative to other types of counseling during primary care visits.

Method:

Cross-sectional evaluation of audiotaped office visits between October 1997 and September 1998 with 154 patients of 27 PCPs at three Veterans' Health Administration clinics in California. Using the Roter Interaction Analysis System, we coded conversation into mutually exclusive talk categories and developed specific measures of depression counseling coded for sequences of depression talk. Analysis of variance and covariance was used to evaluate differences in counseling by depression type adjusted for encounter length, previous depression treatment, patient characteristics, and provider clustering.

Results:

PCPs delivered significantly more depression care (assessed using coded audiotapes of patient visits) to their patients with major depression compared with patients who had no depression or symptoms but no disorder. However, counseling using psychotherapeutic techniques did not differ by depression level and was equivalent for patients with major depression and subthreshold relative to non-depressed. Encounters with patients who had major depression included more talk about depression, devoted more time to discussing depression, and included more depression talk per minute. PCP encounters with depressed patients also included less biomedical talk compared to other groups.

Conclusions:

Findings suggest that PCPs do provide depression counseling to their patients who need it the most. Whether counseling is associated with appropriate treatment and subsequent outcomes will require additional research.
Parental Divorce in Childhood and Loneliness in Young Adults
Authors: Murphy Patricia
Published: May 2005

The effects of childhood parental separation and divorce on adult loneliness were studied. Eighty-seven volunteer male and female participants completed the UCLA Revised Loneliness Scale and the Reported Mourning Behavior Checklist. Data were analyzed using stepwise multiple regression, and results were acceptable at the .05 level of significance. Analysis of the data revealed that there were significant relationships between reported mourning behaviors, as well as the respondents' ages at the time of parent separation, and loneliness.
The Middle to Late Woodland Transition in the Lower/Middle Delaware Valley
Authors: Stewart Michael
Published: May 2005

The transition between Middle and Late Woodland cultures is a gradual one in terms of changes in adaptations. A stylistic/typological boundary between the periods can be drawn sometime between A.D. 700 and A.D. 900 and involves the persistent use (after this date) of triangular projectile points and the manufacture and use of a suite of ceramic types different from those of earlier times. Alterations of adaptive strategies, as reflected in settlement patterns, do not seem to appear until later, ca. A.D. 1200–1300. The most dramatic change is seen in lowland aspects of settlement patterns. Large group settlements of the Middle Woodland period (and presumably the early Late Woodland period), oriented around portions of fresh water tidal marshes, shift to broad floodplain settings sometime during the Late Woodland period. This article provides detail on the noted changes and similarities at the Middle to Late Woodland transition. Hypotheses dealing with explanations for these changes are also explored.
Cooperative CBI: The Effects of Heterogeneous versus Homogeneous Grouping on the Learning of Progressively Complex Concepts
Authors: Hooper Simon , Hannafin Michael J.
Published: May 2005

This study compares the achievement of high and low ability eighth-grade students working cooperatively during computer-based instruction. Students were grouped either homogeneously or heterogeneously on ability, and received identical instruction on a fictitious rule-based arithmetic number system. No significant differences in achievement were found between the two grouping methods. However, the mixed ability treatment substantially improved the achievement of the low ability students without an accompanying significant reduction in the achievement of the high ability students. The results indicate that designers and teachers may have little to risk in terms of achievement, but potentially much to gain in socialization and interaction, by cooperative heterogeneous grouping during computer based instruction.
Community Health Education Literature from the Seventies: A Field Practitioner Survey—Part 2
Authors: Chen Ted T. L. , Cernada George P.
Published: May 2005

A national sample of community health education practitioners in the United States was surveyed by mail and asked to select five articles published during the 1970's that they would recommend their colleagues read. The study was conducted in late 1979 after a comparable national survey of university health education faculty by Cernada and Chen (International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 1:2 and 2:1). The recommended readings were collected and abstracted, and are presented in annotated bibliographic form. This annotated bibliography follows up on the collection published in Volume 4, Number 4, of the International Quarterly of Community Health Education which covered Community Health Education Policy, Theory, and Social Issues-its focus is on Applied Research, Evaluation, and Case Studies.
Current Advances in Theory and Practice Relating to Postpartum Syndromes
Authors: Karacan I. , Williams R. L.
Published: May 2005

The present paper provides a brief review of the medical and psychiatric literature concerning the incidence, symptomatology, and etiology of the postpartum psychoses and less severe emotional disturbances. A highlight of recent sleep EEG research achievements, a summary of original work performed in our laboratory concerning sleep EEG characteristics of normal females during late and early pregnancy, and a discussion of the possible relevance of these sleep studies to postpartum emotional disturbance is also provided.
Organizational Placement of the Technical Communication Function
Authors: Johnson Carl M.
Published: May 2005

The organizational position of the technical communication function can help or hinder its effectiveness. Positing a centralized unit comprising certain skills, this article explores various placements of the unit, and recommends one as superior.
Should Physicians Screen for Depression in Elderly Medical Inpatients?: Results of a Decision Analysis
Authors: Koenig Harold G. , Ford Stephen M. , Blazer Dan G.
Published: May 2005

Objective:

We wish to determine whether or not elderly medical inpatients should be screened for depressive disorder using either 1) a self-rated depression scale (Geriatric Depression Scale), 2) “usual clinical assessment,” or 3) neither, assuming that treatment with tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) is the primary mode of intervention.

Method:

Based on recent data from epidemiological studies on the prevalence and course of depression, the test characteristics of available screening tests, and the efficacy and side-effects of traditional antidepressants, decision analysis is used to help decide whether or not clinicians should screen for depression in this setting.

Results:

These calculations indicate that if screening is done solely to identify depressed patients for treatment with TCAs, then the highest utility lies in not screening; however, the difference in utilities between that decision and the decisions to either screen with GDS or screen by usual clinical assessment was only .04 units on a 0 to 100 scale, making the decision virtually a toss-up. Furthermore, even a small variation in one of several clinical factors or test characteristics could give screening a higher utility. In particular, if psychotherapy is considered as the primary intervention, then the utility of screening exceeds that of not screening.

Conclusion:

Characteristics of the screening test, clinical setting, types and safety of available treatments, each impact on the usefulness of screening and must be kept in mind when diagnosing and treating depressed medically ill elders hospitalized in acute care settings.
Kinship Bereavement in Later Life: Understanding Variations in Cause, Course, and Consequence
Authors: De Vries Brian
Published: May 2005

This discussion directs itself to a review and synthesis of the chronicles of later life kinship loss as presented in this volume. Several efforts are aimed in this direction. First, four broad generalizations about bereavement are offered: 1) Bereavement is a complex experience, 2) influenced by the context within which the loss takes place as well as 3) the nature of the lost relationship and the role the deceased played, 4) with an endpoint that is variable and unclear. The particular influences of specific losses are also addressed. Second, the empirical issues corresponding to these generalizations are discussed as are the more substantive issues of the appraisal of the loss, the role(s) of gender, and the influence of spirituality. Finally, the application of these works are identified and framed in the context of later life bereavement.
Psychopharmacology in Patients with Renal Failure
Authors: Levy Norman B.
Published: May 2005

The prescription of medications for a patient with kidney failure requires special consideration since the kidneys are major organs of excretion and regulator the body's fluid environment. Physicians need to have a working knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of the medications they intend to prescribe. Protein binding of medications is a central factor, especially in end-stage kidney disease where its impairment is associated with higher available drug levels. Fortunately, almost all psychotropics are fat soluble, are excreted by the liver and are not dialyzable. Lithium is an exception, but it may be used because it is totally excreted by the kidneys and its dialyzability enables single dosing after dialysis runs. Some benzodiazepines such as diazepam have active metabolites and their use should be avoided. The general rule is that no more than two-thirds of the maximum dose for a patient with normal renal function should be the maximum dose for a hemodialysis patient and that drug levels should be performed at least monthly and immediately after initial dosing.
The Use of Placebos: A Study of Ethics and Physicians' Attitudes
Authors: Shapiro Arthur K. , Struening Elmer L.
Published: May 2005

A questionnaire was sent to 240 physicians in large cities throughout the United States to assess ethical attitudes towards the use of placebos in treatment and research. Confirmed hypotheses were that critical attitudes towards the use of placebos correlated with older age of physicians, more time spent in private practice, less research activity, and degree of defensiveness about treatment.

The major attitudinal difference between clinicians and researchers was found in clinical graduate psychoanalysts and analytically-oriented researchers.
Public Health Action to Control Hazards: How Good Should the Evidence Be?
Authors: Frank John W. , Lomax Geoffrey
Published: May 2005

At the OSHA hearings regarding the Proposed Ergonomics Standard, confusion occurred between appropriate scientific evidentiary criteria for initiating clinical interventions for individual patients as opposed to the evidence needed to justify public health protection interventions directed at controlling hazardous exposures for entire populations. We assert that clinical interventions have little relevance to the standard proposed at that time. We summarize for the record why this prerequisite is neither technically feasible nor ethically appropriate for public (population) health action to control hazards. Further, we advocate reasonable cause criteria for public health hazard control as the appropriate basis for deciding whether to proceed with implementing abatement policies, for a potential health threat to a population.
A Computer-Generated Content Analysis of Issues Identified by Elementary Education Preservice Teachers
Authors: Vacc Nancy Nesbitt
Published: May 2005

Reported are the results of a computer-generated content-analysis procedure with open-ended methodology to identify issues of importance to elementary-education preservice teachers. Based on the findings of this study, computer-generated content analysis is a valuable method for determining concerns from narrative text since the concerns identified in the present study were similar to those found in the literature. However, they were solicited rather than determined through responses to a predetermined set of concerns and were determined by computer-generated word counts rather than human interpretive coding, making them considerably more representative, accurate, and reliable.