bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Word and print awareness in 4-year-old children
Authors: Justice Laura M. , Ezell Helen K.
Published: January 2017

Word and print awareness comprise key elements of young children’s emergent literacy development. There are currently few assessment instruments for examining preschool children’s skills in these areas. This article describes two informal measures that may be used to examine word and print awareness in preschool children. Results of administering these measures, referred to as the Preschool Word and Print Awareness assessment, to 30 typically developing preschool children are presented. This protocol as well as the developmental observations presented may be useful to early childhood educators and speech-language pathologists who wish to examine young children’s emergent literacy knowledge.
Collaborative working to promote the communication skills of a 14-year-old student with emotional, behavioural, learning and language difficulties
Authors: Cross Melanie , Blake Pat , Tunbridge Nicola , Gill Tricia
Published: January 2017

Research has shown that children with emotional and behavioural difficul-ties are likely to have additional special needs including undetected communication problems. This study considers the background factors associated with complex emotional, learning, and language difficulties in one individual. It also set out to investigate the effectiveness of an integrated approach, where professionals worked together to identify this student’s special needs, to help him learn and in particular, to develop his communication skills. While the results of a single case study must be treated with caution, this study suggests that integrated work had a positive effect on this student’s ability to interact and to learn.
Narrative skills in adolescents with a history of SLI in relation to non-verbal IQ scores
Authors: Wetherell Danielle , Botting Nicola , Conti-Ramsden Gina
Published: January 2017

There is a debate about whether the language of children with primary language disorders and normal cognitive levels is qualitatively different from those with language impairments who have low or borderline non-verbal IQ (NVIQ). As children reach adolescence, this distinction may be even harder to ascertain, especially in naturalistic settings. Narrative may provide a useful, ecologically valid way in which to assess the language ability of adolescents with specific language impairment (SLI) who have intact or lowered NVIQ and to determine whether there is any discernable difference in every day language. Nineteen adolescents with a history of SLI completed two narrative tasks: a story telling condition and a conversational condition. Just under half the group (n = 8) had non-verbal IQs of 85. The remaining 11 had NVIQs in the normal range or above. Four areas of narrative (productivity, syntax, cohesion and performance) were assessed. There were no differences between the groups on standardized tests of language. However, the group with low NVIQ were poorer on most aspects of narrative, suggesting that cognitive level is important, even when language is the primary disorder. The groups showed similar patterns of differences between story telling and conversational narrative. It was concluded that adolescents with a history of SLI and poor cognitive levels have poorer narrative skills than those with normal range NVIQ even though these may not be detected by standardized assessment. Their difficulties present as qualitatively similar to those with normal range NVIQ and narratives appear impoverished rather than inaccurate.
Characteristics of Prefabricated Spatial Frame Systems
Authors: Hanaor Ariel
Published: January 2017

Prefabricated spatial frame systems, such as double-layer grids and reticulated shells, differ greatly in their intended applications and technical features. The paper attempts the systematic classification and characterisation of this wide range of systems. The classification is in hierarchical order, descending from the geometric and static characteristics of the network down to technical details of member connection and construction techniques. Many examples of prefabricated joint systems are presented, but the characterisation scheme is applicable to practically any system.
Torsional Buckling of the Hubble Space Telescope Solar Arrays
Authors: Thornton Earl A. , Eby David L , Chung Peter W.
Published: January 2017

The buckling behavior of a flexible rolled-up solar array used on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is investigated analytically and experimentally. Analytically, the solar array is modeled assuming the booms are linear, elastic beams of open cross-section, and the solar blanket is represented as an inextensible membrane. The analyses determine critical buckling loads for flexure and torsion. The behavior of the solar array is also investigated by experiments conducted using a model solar array with (1) closed cross-section booms, and (2) tubular booms like those used on the HST. The analyses and experiments show that the Hubble's solar arrays were deployed with a preload that caused them to buckle in torsion. Based on the study, an hypothesis is suggested for the failure of the solar array's booms that was discovered by the astronauts in 1993.
Numerical Analysis of Dynamic Stability of Elastic Truss Structures
Authors: Zhang Qi-Lin , Peil Udo
Published: January 2017

In this paper the concept of energy increment map is presented for stability judgement of elastic truss structures under arbitrary dynamic excitations. The modified member theory is adopted to establish the equilibrium equations of the structures. The motion trajectories of structures are numerically solved in time domain and the corresponding stability states are studied according to the energy increment map. Numerical examples show that the method of this paper can lead to satisfactory results in dynamic stability analysis of elastic truss structures.
Coronary or ventricular rupture after blunt chest trauma? A clinical dilemma
Authors: Sabashnikov Anton , Michels Guido , Fatullayev Javid , Eghbalzadeh Kaveh , Zeriouh Mohamed , Baldus Stephan , Wippermann Jens , Wahlers Thorsten , Madershahian Navid
Published: January 2017

Cardiac rupture (CR) is one of the most serious and life-threatening complications of blunt chest trauma (BCT) usually associated with high mortality. Moreover, its diagnosis and treatment strategies may be extremely challenging for clinicians due to various anatomical localisations of the tear. Whereas most injuries fall under the category of right atrial ruptures, left ventricular lesions represent a rare type of this injury, with greater mortality, particularly in cases of multi-chamber injuries. However, not only cardiac chamber or great vessel ruptures may occur as a result of BCT; a growing number of reports also describe BCT-induced isolated coronary artery injuries, including ruptures. Whereas CR requires immediate surgical treatment, less invasive interventional techniques, such as stent placement and closure with fibrin glue or coils, can be the treatment of choice in selected cases of hemodynamically less relevant coronary artery ruptures. In this report, we present a rare case of a ventricular rupture following BCT, with the tear localized in the right ventricular wall and an occult connection to the left ventricle without ventricular septum injury. Also, another contemporaneous emergency in our department that had to be managed at the same time resulted in challenging the decision-making process. As such an emergency constellation is difficult to manage, this report may help clinicians in difficult situations in terms of diagnosis and choosing the right treatment strategy.
The Influence of Compressive Stockings on the Haemodynamics in the Lower Extremities
Authors: Brakkee A.J.M. , Kuiper J.P.
Published: January 2017

The influence of an elastic stocking upon the venous muscle pump function in a healthy subject and in a patient with chronic venous insufficiency is discussed. Taking into account the alinear relationship between venous pressure and limb volume the experiences concerning the effects of tissue compression, some of which seem to be contradictory, are clarified.
A Comparison of Varicography and Descending Phlebography in Clinically Suspected Recurrent Groin and Upper Thigh Varicose Veins
Authors: Thomas M. Lea , Mahraj R.P.M.
Published: January 2017

Seventeen legs in 11 patients with recurrent groin or upper thigh varices were examined by both varicography and descending phlebography. In five legs recurrences were shown by both techniques, in 10 by varicography alone, and in three by descending phlebography alone.

It is suggested that both varicography and descending phlebography may be necessary to evaluate recurrent varicose veins following surgery.
Impaired Postural Vasoconstriction: A Contributory Cause of Oedema in Patients with Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Authors: Allen A.J. , Wright D.I.I. , McCollum C.N. , Tooke J.E.
Published: January 2017

Dependent oedema is a common feature in patients suffering from venous insufficiency. Postural vasoconstriction which prevents oedema has been shown to be impaired in several conditions complicated by dependent oedema. We therefore investigated the postural vasoconstrictor response, foot swelling rate and capillary density in eight patients with venous insufficiency and seven normal controls. Foot skin blood flow was measured on the pulp of the big toe using laser–Doppler flowmetry with the foot at heart level (H) and placed approximately 1 metre below the heart (D). Postural fall in flow was calculated as (H – D) × 100/H. Foot swelling rate was measured simultaneously using a strain gauge Plethysmograph. Postural vasoconstriction was impaired in venous insufficiency at 62 ± 12% compared to 88 ± 4% in controls ( P < 0.02). Capillary density in the forefoot was assessed using television microscopy and was significantly reduced in the venous insufficiency group at 26.83 ± 2.74 per mm2 compared to 36.96 ± 1.09 per mm2 ( P < 0.01). These findings suggest impaired postural vasoconstriction may contribute to the formation of oedema characteristic of venous insufficiency. The apparent reduction in capillary density may be implicated in the pathogenesis of venous ulceration to which such patients are prone.
Venous Muscle Pump Function following Reconstructive Arterial Surgery
Authors: Struckmann Jan R.
Published: January 2017

The changes that occur in the leg venous muscle pump function were studied before and after proximal arterial reconstruction in 25 patients with claudication but without rest pain or clinical evidence of venous disease. There was found a significant increase in the distal blood pressure index corresponding to excellent clinical results. The venous muscle pump was affected such that venous return time, RT, decreased significantly ( P < 0.02) but expelled volume, EV, was not significantly affected. It is concluded that these findings may be explained by a postoperative increase in exercise bloodflow and that alterations in RT not only can be caused by changes in venous reflux but also by alterations in arterial input to the leg. The muscle pump capability to pump blood towards the heart was unaffected (EV constant) and it can thus not be incriminated for the postreconstructive oedema often found after arterial surgery. When evaluating isolated RT changes it is necessary to consider whether the arterial input to the pump is constant.
Vasculogenic Impotence Due to Venous Incompetence: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Giordanengo F. , Bergamaschi E. , Giuffrida G.F. , Mingazzini P.
Published: January 2017

In recent years numerous studies have been made in order to identify the cause of erectile impotence. By means of a new instrumental technique, consisting of a study of the blood flow through the corpora cavernosa, necessary to produce penile erection, it is possible to detect a cause of erectile impotence related to enhanced venous outflow from the corpora due to valvular incompetence. To treat this condition it has been suggested6 that a microsurgical operation of arterialization of deep dorsal penile vein be carried out. The diagnostic procedures are described and their experience of this surgical procedure is reported.
Factors associated with perceived participation three months after being discharged from a tertiary hospital
Authors: Chen Xuemei , He Yanan , Meng Xianmei , Zhou Lanshu
Published: January 2017

Objectives:

To describe how first-stroke survivors perceive their participation and the problems with such participation in life and to determine the factors associated with perceived participation at three months after hospital discharge.

Design:

A cross-sectional study.

Setting:

Patients were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Shanghai, China and they were followed up in their homes.

Subjects:

Two hundred and fifty-seven first-stroke survivors discharged for three months participated in this study.

Measures:

The Chinese version of the Impact on Participation and Autonomy questionnaire, Barthel Index, Chinese Stroke Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Social Support Rating Scale.

Results:

One hundred thirty-four (52.1%) and 147 (57.2%) participants perceived their participation as poor to very poor in the domains of family role and autonomy outdoors, respectively. Conversely, 208 (80.9%) and 228 (88.7%) participants perceived their participation to be fair to good in the domains of social relations and autonomy indoors, respectively. The ability to perform activities of daily life was the strongest correlate of participation in the domains of autonomy indoors, family role, and autonomy outdoors, whereas anxiety was the strongest correlate of participation in the domain of social relations.

Conclusions:

Activities of daily living were significantly associated with perceived participation in almost all domains. In contrast, anxiety was an important factor in predicting participation in the domain of social relations. These findings suggest the need to explore different strategies of promoting participation for each domain.
Acute and residual effects in adolescent rats resulting from exposure to the novel synthetic cannabinoids AB-PINACA and AB-FUBINACA
Authors: Kevin Richard C , Wood Katie E , Stuart Jordyn , Mitchell Andrew J , Moir Michael , Banister Samuel D , Kassiou Michael , McGregor Iain S
Published: January 2017

Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) have rapidly proliferated as recreational drugs, and may present a substantial health risk to vulnerable populations. However, information on possible effects of long-term use is sparse. This study compared acute and residual effects of the popular indazole carboxamide SC compounds AB-PINACA and AB-FUBINACA in adolescent rats with ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and control treatments. Albino Wistar rats were injected (i.p.) with AB-PINACA or AB-FUBINACA every second day (beginning post-natal day (PND) 31), first at a low dose (0.2 mg/kg on 6 days) followed by a higher dose (1 mg/kg on a further 6 days). THC-treated rats received equivalent doses of 6 × 1 mg/kg and 6 × 5 mg/kg. During drug treatment, THC, AB-PINACA, and AB-FUBINACA decreased locomotor activity at high and low doses, increased anxiety-like behaviours and audible vocalisations, and reduced weight gain. Two weeks after dosing was completed, all cannabinoid pre-treated rats exhibited object recognition memory deficits. These were notably more severe in rats pre-treated with AB-FUBINACA. However, social interaction was reduced in the THC pre-treated group only. Six weeks post-dosing, plasma levels of cytokines interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-12 were reduced by AB-FUBINACA pre-treatment, while cerebellar endocannabinoids were reduced by THC and AB-PINACA pre-treatment. The acute effects of AB-PINACA and AB-FUBINACA were broadly similar to those of THC, suggesting that acute SC toxicity in humans may be modulated by dose factors, including inadvertent overdose and product contamination. However, some lasting residual effects of these different cannabinoid receptor agonists were subtly different, hinting at recruitment of different mechanisms of neuroadaptation.
Additive value of “otosclerosis-weighted” images for the CT diagnosis of fenestral otosclerosis
Authors: Yamashita Koji , Hiwatashi Akio , Togao Osamu , Kondo Masatoshi , Kikuchi Kazufumi , Inoguchi Takashi , Maehara Junki , Kyuragi Yusuke , Honda Hiroshi
Published: January 2017

Background

Otosclerotic foci are usually seen as minute low-density lesions and this may be attributed to relatively low sensitivity on visual assessment using computed tomography (CT). Otosclerotic foci can be detected by using the accurate region of interest (ROI) setting, while small ROI settings by less-experienced radiologists may result in false negative findings.

Purpose

To evaluate the diagnostic ability of our proposed method (“otosclerosis-weighted” imaging [OWI]), which is based on reversing the density, compared with conventional CT (CCT) imaging alone.

Material and Methods

Temporal bone CTs of consecutive patients with otosclerosis were analyzed. Gender- and age-matched control participants were also included. All CT images were obtained using a 64-detector row scanner. OWI was obtained by extracting the temporal bone region using the threshold technique and reversing the density (black to white). Four independent radiologists took part in two reading sessions. In the first session, the observers read only CCT imaging. In the second session, they read OWI along with the CCT imaging. Sensitivity was assessed for the four readers.

Results

Thirty temporal bones of 25 patients with otosclerosis (3 men, 22 women; mean age, 53.9 ± 9.0 years) and 30 temporal bones of 30 control participants (4 men, 26 women; mean age, 44.0 ± 16.2 years) were included. For all observers, reading with a combination of the two methods was associated with a higher sensitivity (63.3–80.0%) than with conventional CT images alone (30.0–60.0%; P < 0.05, each).

Conclusion

Application of our proposed method based on threshold value may help detect foci of fenestral otosclerosis.
Luteal-phase protocol in poor ovarian response: a comparative study with an antagonist protocol
Authors: Wu Yan , Zhao Fu-Chun , Sun Yong , Liu Pei-Shu
Published: January 2017

Objective

This retrospective study compared the effect of the luteal phase ovarian stimulation protocol (LP group) with the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol (AN group) in women with poor ovarian responses.

Methods

Ovarian stimulation was initiated with 225 IU of human gonadotrophin (hMG) daily. When the dominant follicle diameter exceeded 13 mm, 0.25 mg of a GnRH antagonist was used daily until human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) administration in the AN group. A GnRH antagonist was not used in the LP group. Ovulation was induced with HCG for all patients when at least one follicle reached a diameter of 16 mm or one dominant follicle reached 18 mm. The highest quality embryos were transferred or cryopreserved for later transfer.

Results

From January 2013 to December 2015, 274 women with poor ovarian response were included. A total of 108 patients underwent the luteal phase ovarian stimulation protocol while 166 patients underwent the GnRH antagonist protocol. hMG was used for more total days in the LP group was than in the AN group. Oestradiol levels on the day of HCG administration in the LP group were significantly lower than those in the AN group. The mean number of oocytes retrieved in the LP and AN groups was 3.5 ± 2.5 and 3.5 ± 2.9, respectively. The mean number of embryos of the highest quality was 1.7 ± 1.2 and 1.7 ± 1.5, respectively. The clinical pregnancy and implantation rates in the LP and AN groups were 26.2% (22/84) and 25% (29/116), and 15.5% (24/155) and 16.3% (35/215), respectively.

Conclusions

The luteal phase ovarian stimulation protocol can be applied in women with poor ovarian response and attain comparable clinical pregnancy and implantation rates to those of the GnRH antagonist protocol.
A Controlled Trial of Baclofen in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Milla P J , Jackson A D M
Published: January 2017

A double-blind crossover trial against placebo was conducted to assess the effects of the GABA derivative, baclofen, on the disabilities due to muscle spasticity in twenty children suffering from cerebral palsy. Baclofen performed very significantly better than placebo in reducing spasticity and significantly better than placebo in allowing both active and passive limb movements to be carried out. Notable improvement was also seen in scissoring. Side-effects were minimal and responded promptly to dose reduction. The evaluation of drug effects on muscle spasticity and the pharmacodynamics of baclofen are discussed. Recommendations are made regarding dosage of baclofen in childhood.
The Interactions of Ticlopidine and Aspirin in Normal Subjects
Authors: Thebault Jean-J , Blatrix Charles E , Blanchard Jean F , Panak Edouard A
Published: January 2017

This trial was performed on 24 healthy volunteers in order to study the possible interactions between aspirin and ticlopidine.

The results confirm the inhibitory activity of aspirin on collagen-induced aggregation and that of ticlopidine on ADP-induced aggregation.

If aspirin does not modify the inhibitory effect of ticlopidine on ADP-induced aggregation, ticlopidine on the other hand potentiates the effect of aspirin on collagen-induced aggregation.
The Effect of Fenoprofen Calcium (Nalfon) on Levels of Rheumatoid Factor in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Himes Joan E , Duff Ivan F
Published: January 2017

In 88.9% of a group of 18 patients with rheumatoid arthritis participating in an open-label study with fenoprofen calcium (Nalfon), there was observed a mean litre decrease in level of rheumatoid factor as compared to baseline levels.

In follow-up, three months to one year later, a uniform litre increase above the mean level of the study period had occurred. In all cases the titre returned to baseline levels or higher.
Tinidazole and Metronidazole in the Treatment of Amoebic Liver Abscess
Authors: Mathur S N , Itigi Anantesh , Krishnaveni  , Rai Vimal
Published: January 2017

Tinidazole, a new drug effective against E histolytica, was studied in patients with amoebic liver abscess proved by aspiration of pus.

A preliminary open evaluation in fourteen patients provided a cure in all cases. A subsequent comparative study against metronidazole in another twenty-two patients led to a cure in all eleven patients treated with tinidazole and in ten out of eleven patients treated with metronidazole. The response was faster in patients treated with tinidazole. Tinidazole was totally free from side-effects. Tinidazole is a noteworthy addition to anti-amoebic therapy.
Once Daily Administration of Pindolol in the Treatment of Hypertension
Authors: Dhatariya R C , Blowers A J
Published: January 2017

An open study was carried out in general practice on patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension to assess the effectiveness of treatment with pindolol on a single daily dose regimen. In twenty-two previously untreated cases given a single daily dosage of pindolol (mean 13.0 mg, range 5 mg −30 mg), adequate blood pressure control was achieved within five weeks and maintained in the nineteen patients examined at Week 25. Of eleven previously treated patients whose blood pressure was adequately controlled by divided daily doses of pindolol, a change-over to a single daily dosage of pindolol (mean 13.2 mg, range 10 mg − 20 mg) did not result in any loss of control over a twenty-five week study period. Few side-effects were reported, and only one patient was withdrawn from the study.
A Comparison of the Effects of Single Doses of Mianserin and Amitriptyline on Psychomotor Tests in Normal Volunteers
Authors: Crome Peter , Newman Belinda
Published: January 2017

Eight healthy volunteers received single doses of either mianserin 10 mg, mianserin 20 mg, amitriptyline 25 mg or placebo. Critical flicker frequency, reaction time, digit substitution and addition times were tested up to six hours afterwards. Mianserin 20 mg and amitriptyline 25 mg significantly prolonged reaction time and mianserin 10 mg and 20 mg significantly reduced critical flicker frequency. No other significant effects were found. Patients should be warned of possible sedation when first starting treatment with mianserin.
Experience with Etomidate: A Hypnotic for Induction of Anaesthesia
Authors: Urdinovic S , Karoussos K
Published: January 2017

The authors report on their experience with combined etomidate anaesthesia in 500 varied surgical procedures including thoracic and neurosurgery. Specific indications for the new short-term hypnotic etomidate are dealt with, including anaesthesia in poor-risk patients, conditions of shock, spastic bronchitis, and bronchial asthma.

When used for the induction of neuroleptic analgesia, etomidate offers certain benefits. Since it induces few side-effects, it is suggested that this preparation is the drug of choice for ambulatory anaesthesia, Caesarean section, etc.
Double Acting Betamethasone (Celestone Chronodose®) in the Treatment of Supraspinatus Tendinitis
Authors: Valtonen Erkki J
Published: January 2017

The author reports the results of a placebo controlled trial of Celestone Chronodose® in the treatment of supraspinatus tendinitis involving a total of 180 patients.

The results after local injection and deep gluteal injection are also compared.
The Effects on Neonatal Hyperbilirubinaemia of Parenteral Administration of Valium to Women in Labour
Authors: Stockmann R , Sidiropoulos D , Wendt G
Published: January 2017

Following intramuscular administration of Valium® Roche to the mother during labour, the concentration of sodium benzoate (included in the solvent of Valium) was measured in the cord-blood of 8 newborn infants. After administration of therapeutic doses of Valium to the mother, it was found that sodium benzoate—which displaces bilirubin from albumin in vitro— was present in the cord blood in concentrations insufficient to cause clinically important displacement of bilirubin from albumin. Benzoate analyses were carried out using high-pressure liquid chromatography.
Multicentre Study of ‘Flagyl’ Suppositories in the Prevention of Post-Operative Anaerobic Infection
Authors: Goulton J , Baker P G
Published: January 2017

A trial was carried out at seven centres using metronidazole suppositories prophylactically in the prevention of post-operative anaerobic infections. One hundred and ninety-seven patients were included of whom only two developed an anaerobic infection at the site of operation. Although the trial was open in design, it is considered that the low incidence of post-operative sepsis and morbidity indicates the effectiveness of metronidazole in providing cover against anaerobic infection during gastro-intestinal and gynaecological surgery.
Postprandial Lipoprotein Metabolism in Obese Patients with Moderate Hypertriglyceridaemia: Effects of Gemfibrozil
Authors: Ditschuneit H H , Flechtner-Mors M , Hagel E , Ditschuneit H
Published: January 2017

After an oral fat load of 1 g/kg body weight in 10 obese females with hyperlipoproteinaemia type IV, serum triglycerides concentrations were maximal at 4 h with a slight decline at 6 h, whereas serum cholesterol concentrations rose slightly at 4 h and 6 h. After 6 h, concentrations of triglycerides and cholesterol were significantly increased in chylomicrons and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), whereas cholesterol concentrations were decreased in high-density lipoprotein 2 (HDL2) plus HDL3. After oral treatment with 450 mg gemfibrozil twice daily for 28 days, triglyceride concentrations were reduced in serum, chylomicrons, VLDL and low-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol concentrations were reduced in serum, chylomicrons and VLDL, and increased in HDL2 plus HDL3. At 6 h after a fat load following 28 days' gemfibrozil treatment, triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were reduced in serum, chylomicrons and VLDL when compared with pretreatment results. It is concluded that gemfibrozil is effective in lowering triglycerides and cholesterol, particularly in triglyceriderich particles, and raising the cholesterol content of HDL2 plus HDL3. After an oral fat load gemfibrozil inhibits the increase in serum cholesterol and partly prevents postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia.
A Comparative Study of Nicardipine and Pindolol as Second-Line Treatments in Essential Hypertension
Authors: Penttila O , Kanniainen E , Jounela A , Huikko M
Published: January 2017

A controlled, randomized, single-blind, parallel-group study compared the effects of nicardipine hydrochloride/hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) with those of pindolol/HCTZ in treatment of essential hypertension. The study included 43 patients aged 30–64 years with supine diastolic blood pressures between 95 and 125 mmHg at baseline. Patients initially received 50 mg/day HCTZ for 6 weeks and those patients whose diastolic blood pressure remained at or above 90 mmHg at week 6 ( n = 29) completed a 6-week comparative phase in which they were given, in addition, either 30 mg nicardipine hydrochloride or 5 mg pindolol three times daily. Nicardipine was more effective than pindolol as a second-line treatment in controlling blood pressure but, because patients who were treated with nicardipine/HCTZ had higher baseline blood pressures, significance was lost when results were adjusted for the baseline blood pressure values. Treatment was described as ‘very good’ by 71.4% of patients in the nicardipine/HCTZ group and by 53.9% of those in the pindolol/HCTZ group; thus, both second-line antihypertensives were well accepted. Although 45% of patients in of each treatment group reported treatment-related adverse events, none experienced postural hypotension and no adverse event was unexpected.
Cytogenetic Analysis of Bone Marrow from Patients with Primary Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Wu H K , Kitamura K , Xi Y R , Wang Y T , Liu S L , Zhou D B
Published: January 2017

Of 34 patients with primary myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), 26 (76.5%) were found to have chromosome defects using an improved bone marrow culture method and high-resolution G-banding technique induced by actinomycin D. The frequency of abnormalities varied among the subtypes: 1/2 in refractory anaemia with ringed sideroblasts; 18/24 in refractory anaemia; 5/6 in refractory anaemia with excess of blasts (RAEB); and 2/2 in refractory anaemia with excess of blasts in transformation. The most frequent abnormalities, either single, double or complex defects, were −5/5q-, −7, +8 and +21; 16q-/16p-, +19 and −X were also common. The percentage of aneuploid cells, in particular hypodiploid cells, was increased. The abnormalities were detected more frequently in complex aberrations associated with RAEB and RAEB in transformation. The presence of −5/5q- as a sole aberration was associated with longer mean survival time (>18 months) but multiple (more than two) chromosomal abnormalities were associated with a poorer prognosis and a mean survival time of only 7.5 months. Chromosome follow-up studies indicated that patients with −7, +8, +21, −X and complex defects, increased hypodiploid cells and karyotpic evolution were likely to have a high risk of transformation to leukaemia or to a more severe subtype of MDS with a short overall mean survival time. These defects, mostly of the deleted type, are assumed to play a specific role in the pathogenesis of myelodysplasia. Repeated chromosomal analyses during the clinical course convey more accurate prognostic criteria for patients.
An Oral Approach to the Treatment of Photodamaged Skin: A Pilot Study
Authors: Heule F
Published: January 2017

In recent publications much attention has focused on skin changes as a consequence of ageing. During life many internal and external factors have an influence on the condition of the skin but ultraviolet radiation seems to be a major factor in both benign and malignant alterations. To retard the deterioration process, more than cosmetic concern is necessary. In a pilot study, a fish protein product is shown to have the capacity to ameliorate, both objectively and subjectively, the symptoms of photo-aged skin. Recommendations are made for further evaluation.
Platelet Angiotensin II in Cerebrovascular Accident and the Effect of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Authors: Hayakawa M
Published: January 2017

Platelet angiotensin II concentrations were significantly ( P < 0.01) elevated in 16 patients with a history of cerebral infarction, compared with 12 control subjects. The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, Captopril, enalapril and delapril hydrochloride, were evaluated in 20 hypertensive patients with a history of cerebral infarction. Each agent was administered orally each day for 12 weeks using an open randomized crossover design. After 4 weeks' treatment, 75 mg/kg Captopril significantly ( P < 0.01) increased platelet angiotensin II concentrations and the increase was maintained for a further 8 weeks. Treatment with 5 mg/day enalapril resulted in no significant change in angiotensin II. Treatment with 30 mg/day delapril hydrochloride significantly ( P < 0.05) decreased platelet angiotensin II concentrations at 4 weeks and the change persisted for 12 weeks ( P < 0.01). During delapril hydrochloride treatment platelet angiotensin II concentrations approached normal values. It is concluded that delapril hydrochloride may be used to treat patients with arteriosclerosis disorders and may inhibit the tendency for atherosclerotic changes and thrombosis.
Twice-Weekly Dosing for Thyroxine Replacement in Elderly Patients with Primary Hypothyroidism
Authors: Taylor J , Williams B O , Frater J , Stott D J , Connell J
Published: January 2017

Seven female patients (mean age 86 years) with proven biochemical primary hypothyroidism were enrolled in a single-blind randomized crossover study, of standard daily versus twice-weekly thyroxine therapy, with each phase of one month's duration. The median daily dose of thyroxine was 100 μg (range 75 – 100 μg). Serum levels of thyroid hormones and thyrotrophin were very similar during twice-weekly thyroxine therapy to those during daily therapy and there were no statistically significant differences between trough and peak serum total triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, or thyrotrophin levels or systolic time intervals during twice-weekly thyroxine. Administration of thyroxine twice-weekly to elderly patients with primary hypothyroidism gives effective biochemical thyroid hormone replacement, with no evidence from the systolic time intervals of tissue thyrotoxicosis at expected peak thyroid hormone concentrations. Supervised twice-weekly thyroxine should be considered in patients with primary hypothyroidism who comply poorly with daily dosing.
No Effect of Cloricromen on Some Coagulation Parameters in Patients with Ischaemic Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: Orefice G , Grasso A , Fazio N , Vecchio G DEL , Volpe G , Coppola M , Alessio A D‘ , Carrieri P B
Published: January 2017

Cloricromen is a new drug that inhibits platelet aggregation in man and in experimental thrombosis. Twenty patients with a history of atherothrombotic stroke received cloricromen (100 mg, twice daily) for 30 days in order to evaluate its effects on plasma fibrinogen, antithrombin III, and other variables of the haemostatic system. A statistically significant decrease in the prothrombin time ( P < 0.01) was found only after 30 days of therapy. This decrease was transient and disappeared 15 days after the end of treatment. No statistically significant changes in plasma fibrinogen levels, antithrombin III, partial thromboplastin time, or platelet count were observed compared with baseline values. No side-effects were reported. This study did not reveal an effect of cloricromen on coagulative variables in patients with cerebrovascular occlusive disease.
Association between Myotonic Dystrophy and Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Bell E , Lorimer A R , Hinnie J
Published: January 2017

A case of primary hyperparathyroidism in a patient with myotonic dystrophy is reported. A 56-year old female with myotonic dystrophy, admitted to hospital with a urinary tract infection, had widespread muscle atrophy and myotonia with bilateral cataracts. Biochemical findings of normal renal function but raised blood calcium, depressed blood phosphate and increased parathyroid hormone, were consistent with a diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism. Thallium scanning of the parathyroids showed an area of discordant thallium suggesting a parathyroid adenoma. When the left lower parathyroid was later excised, histology was consistent with the diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma. As far as the authors are aware this is the first report of myotonic dystrophy and primary hyperparathyroidism in the same patient.
Immunomodulatory and Anti-Tumour Polysaccharides from Medicinal Plants
Authors: Wong C K , Leung K N , Fung K P , Choy Y M
Published: January 2017

Many Chinese medicinal plants have immunomodulatory and anti-tumour activities. Most of the anti-tumour activities of these Chinese herbs are probably due to their immunostimulating polysaccharide components. A general scheme for the isolation and purification of the bioactive polysaccharides from naturally occurring medicinal plants is described. Hot-water extraction followed by various chromatographic methods are usually used to purify the bioactive polysaccharides. The different fractions separated from Chinese medicinal plants show a range of immunomodulatory and anti-tumour activities. The analytical methods used for monosaccharide sequence determination and structural elucidation of the bioactive polysaccharides are described, as are the tests used to evaluate their immunopharmacological activities, both in vitro and in vivo. The purification, characterization and structural elucidation of immunomodulatory polysaccharides from medicinal plants may have important implications in the immunotherapy of cancer and in the treatment of various other diseases.
Alatop: A New In Vitro Screening Test for Atopy
Authors: Yazicioǧlu M , Sayinbaş P , Öneş Ü , Saltik A , Tug˜rul M
Published: January 2017

The value of a new in vitro multiallergen IgE antibody test in the diagnosis of atopy in children was compared with that of skin-prick tests and total serum IgE level determination. Twenty children with clinical histories and symptoms of asthma, median age 5 years, and 20 healthy children, median age 5.5 years, were enrolled. Total serum IgE levels were evaluated as either normal or high by referring to kit values. Specific IgE antibodies to 12 different inhalant allergens were screened by the Alatop test. The accuracy figures for the tests compared with clinical diagnosis were 65.0%, 72.5% and 80.0%, for the total serum IgE determination, the Alatop test and the skin-prick test, respectively, and the other measures of clinical reliability showed a similar pattern. Although the skin-prick tests were the most sensitive and specific of the three, for screening atopic disease in children, the Alatop test provides a valuable alternative, and the combined use of skin-prick tests with the Alatop test will provide a more reliable screen than using any single test.
Effect of an Anxiolytic on Lipid Profile in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Okada S , Ichiki K , Tanokuchi S , Ishii K , Hamada H , Ota Z
Published: January 2017

The effects on serum lipid levels of reducing stress were examined in 20 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. An anxiolytic, fludiazepam, was administered to the patients for 12 weeks and their lipid profiles and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scores at the beginning and end of treatment were compared. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level increased significantly after the administration of anxiolytic, but other aspects of the lipid profile were unchanged. Both trait and state anxiety scores decreased significantly with the administration of anxiolytic. The results indicate that improvement of stress in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus increases high-density lipoprotein levels.
Haematological Profile in Cancer Patients: Analysis of Circadian Pattern
Authors: Manfredini R , Salmi R , Gallerani M , Portaluppi F , Guerra G , Scapoli C , Dapporto M , Decant D , Maestri A , Franceschjni F , Rigolin F , Fersini C , Malacarne P
Published: January 2017

This study was intended to evaluate whether unusual circadian patterns in blood cells exist in cancer patients. Ten patients (five men and five women) suffering from advanced malignancy were compared with a control group of apparently healthy volunteers, of comparable age and sex. After synchronization of daily activities, meals and rest of the two groups, blood samples were taken four times (at 8.00 a.m., 12.00 a.m., 4.00 p.m. and 8.00 p.m.) in a single day. The total red and white cell counts, haemoglobin, platelet count, and neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, monocyte and basophil differential white cell counts were analysed by both conventional (Student's t-test; multifactorial analysis of variance) and inferential statistics (single and mean cosinor). The average values for platelets ( P = 0.04), white blood cells ( P = 0.004) and lymphocytes ( P 0.001) showed significant changes with time, independently of disease state. Cosinor analysis indicated a circadian rhythmicity for haemoglobin ( P = 0.02), eosinophils ( P = 0.014), and lymphocytes ( P = 0.001) in healthy subjects, and for eosinophils only ( P = 0.024) in cancer patients.
Azithromycin Compared with Clarithromycin in the Treatment of Adult Patients with Acute Purulent Tracheobronchitis: A Cost of Illness Study
Authors: Sternon J ,   Bruxelles the Collaborative Group of the Centre Universitaire de Medécine Générale de l' Université Libre, Leclerq P , Knepper C , Blot K
Published: January 2017

Adult, professionally active patients with acute purulent tracheobronchitis were treated with azithromycin (3 or 5 days; n= 62) or clarithromycin (7 to 10 days; n= 69) in an open, randomized study. Bronchitis-related costs and treatment efficacy were assessed at day 5 – 6 and day 14 – 21. Both antibiotics were of equal clinical efficacy, although the median time to improvement of symptoms was significantly shorter for azithromycin patients than for clarithromycin patients. Some 77% of azithromycin patients and 78% of clarithromycin patients were unable to work for at least 1 day. The total time when patients were unable to work was shorter for azithromycin patients than for clarithromycin patients, but this difference did not remain significant when weekends and holidays were taken into account. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of azithromycin on time to clinical improvement, on lost working days, and on the associated costs.
Factors Related to Aortic Pulse-Wave Velocity in Patients with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Tanokuchi S , Okada S , Ota Z
Published: January 2017

The factors that influence the severity of large vessel pathology in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were investigated in 154 randomly selected patients. Measurements of aortic pulse-wave velocity were used to quantify the severity of large vessel pathology. The results showed that of the 20 variables considered, age, systolic blood pressure, duration of disease and serum creatinine were all significantly correlated with pulse-wave velocity. Multiple regression analysis with pulse-wave velocity as the criterion variable showed that age, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were all significant explanatory variables, with age carrying the greatest weight. The findings suggest that controlling blood pressure is most important as a means of containing large vessel pathology in patients with NIDDM.
Prescribing Rationale and Budgetary Outcomes Associated with the Introduction of a Combined Formulation of Diclofenac Sodium and Misoprostol in Canada
Authors: Sclar D A , Robison L M , Maheu A , Skaer T L
Published: January 2017

The budgetary impact of prescribing a combined formulation of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol to patients previously using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs), cytoprotective agents, or a combination of agents from both therapeutic categories is assessed, as is the clinical rationale for prescribing the combined formulation. Analysis of data for Canada on claims paid by third parties showed that the use of the combined formulation in Canada had resulted in significant initial overall savings and that the greatest cost savings were made for those who had previously used both an NSAID and a cytoprotective concomitantly. The inclusion of shadow costs (secondary costs) indicates that the use of the combined formulation over a 6-month period involves very low shadow costs (medical expenses related to ulcer treatment) compared with other NSAIDs: the shadow cost multiplication factor was 1.03 for the combined formulation compared with 1.22 to 3.47 for other NSAIDs. Pharmaceutical costs alone are insufficient for evaluating total budgetary impacts.
Is There a Correlation between Cardiac Sympathetic Neuropathy or Diabetic Somatic Neuropathy and Glycosylated Haemoglobin or Blood Pressure in Patients with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus?
Authors: Okada S , Ishii K , Hamada H , Ichiki K , Tanokuchi S , Ogino Y , Ota Z , Shimizu M , Hiraki Y
Published: January 2017

The possibility that glycosylated haemoglobin levels and/or blood pressure might correlate with cardiac sympathetic neuropathy and/or diabetic somatic neuropathy was investigated in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Sympathetic nerve function was quantified by analysis of [123I]metaiodobenzylguanidine accumulation in the cardiac muscle. Somatic nerve function was assessed by measuring the motor nerve conduction velocities of the peroneal and tibial nerves, and the sensory nerve conduction velocity of the sural nerve. None of the parameters of cardiac sympathetic neuropathy or diabetic somatic neuropathy showed any correlation with blood pressure, nor was there any evidence of a correlation between cardiac sympathetic neuropathy and glycosylated haemoglobin levels; there was, however, a significant correlation between diabetic somatic neuropathy (as indicated by tibial nerve conduction velocity) and glycosylated haemoglobin levels. The results are consistent with the view that different mechanisms are involved in the two types of neuropathies.
Helicobacter felis as a Cofactor Alone or Together with Stress in Cryptosporidial Activation in Mice
Authors: Tatar G , Haziroǧlu R , Hasçelik G
Published: January 2017

Cryptosporidiosis is caused by a protozoan parasite, mainly found in animals, which usually results in transient, mild gastroenteritis in humans but can cause severe and prolonged disease in immunocompromised individuals. Immunocompetent mice, naturally infected with Cryptosporidium muris, were used to investigate the effects of inoculation with Helicobacter felis and of stress on the activity of the C. muris infection, as indicated by histopathological examination of their stomachs. The results indicate that both H. felis inoculation and/or stress activate C. muris and cause gastric inflammation. The extent of the activation of C. muris depends on the duration of the stress.
Effect of α-Glucosidase Inhibitor in Combination with Sulphonylurea Compounds on Lipid Profile in Patients with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Okada S , Ishii K , Tanokuchi S , Hamada H , Ichiki K , Ota Z
Published: January 2017

The effects of administration of an α-glucosidase inhibitor and a sulphonylurea compound on lipid profile were investigated in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, (NIDDM) previously treated with sulphonylurea compounds alone, but in whom metabolic control was inadequate. A group of patients ( n = 10) were treated with the α-glucosidase inhibitor at a dose of 0.2 mg, three times daily, for 4 weeks. Treatment significantly reduced the post-prandial glucose level and the serum total cholesterol level. In addition, there were non-significant reductions in the triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein levels. These preliminary results suggest that administration of α-glucosidase inhibitors might improve the lipid profile of patients with NIDDM.