bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interaction of Synthetic Polypeptides with Lipids in Monolayers
Authors: Yamashita Takuya , Shibata Akira , Yamashita Shinsuke
Published: July 2006

The interaction of polypeptide (benzyloxycarbonyl derivatives of basic poly(γ-amino acid), benzyl esters of acidic poly(α-amino acid), and poly(l-leucine)) and lipid (fatty acids, fatty alcohols and cholesterol) at the air–water interface was investigated. From the additivity rule of mean molecular areas and the work of collapse of the monolayers, it was found that the characteristic interaction occurs in the polymer rich region (less than 0.2 lipid mol fraction), and that the interaction is stronger for the polymer with higher helical content. The interaction was found to take place between side chains of polypeptides and lipids, and to be mainly of hydrophobic nature. The components in mixed polypeptide–cholesterol monolayers exhibit characteristic miscibilities depending upon the chemical composition of polymer side chains. The polarized infrared spectra of collapsed films consisting of single or mixed components indicate that the polymer component is aligned in a direction parallel to the compressing barrier.
The Ullmann Condensation Reaction of Haloanthraquinoiie Derivatives with Amines in Aprotic Solvents. III. The Formation and Role of Copper(II) Species in the Condensation with 2-Aminoethanol by Copper(I) Catalyst
Authors: Arai Sadao , Hida Mitsuhiko , Yamagishi Takamichi
Published: July 2006

The ESR spectra of the Ullmann condensation reaction system of 1-bromoanthraquinone-2-aminoethanol-CuBr showed that copper(II) species and 1-bromoanthraquinone radical anion were formed by an electron transfer from copper(I) species to 1-bromoanthraquinone. Although copper(II) species alone had little catalytic activity, the resulting copper(II) species increased the catalytic activity of the copper(I) species, and a pseudo-first order rate constant could be expressed as follows: k=k1[CuI]+k2[CuI][CuII]. According to the magnitude of k1 and k2C0, where C0 is the initial concentration of copper(I) catalyst, the reaction of haloanthraquinone with 2-aminoethanol by copper(I) catalyst can be classified into three modes. When k1<k2C0, an induction period is present. The possible mechanisms of the cooperation between copper(I) and copper(II) species have been proposed. It has been also found that 1-bromoanthraquinone radical anion was responsible for the debromination.
Hydrogen Bond of 4-Amino-5H-[1]benzopyrano[3,4-c]pyridin-5-one Derivatives with Alcohols. I. Experimental Considerations
Authors: Fujimoto Akira , Inuzuka Kozo
Published: July 2006

The hydrogen bond between 4-amino-5H-[1]benzopyrano[3,4-c]-pyridin-5-one (benzopyranopyridine) derivatives including their related compounds (pyridine, aniline, and coumarin) and alcohols (methanol and ethanol) is discussed experimentally in detail. The formation of a hydrogen bond between the nitrogen atom of the benzopyranopyridine ring and the hydroxyl group of methanol was investigated by IR spectral measurements. The equilibrium constants for the formation of hydrogen-bonded 1 : 1 complexes were determined from the UV spectral data. The enthalpy changes accompanying complex formation were obtained from a knowledge of the temperature dependence of the equilibrium constants. The values of the enthalpy changes range approximately from 4.5 to 5.2 kcal/mol in the benzopyranopyridine–ethanol systems. It may be concluded that the hydrogen bond of the benzopyranopyridine–ethanol system occurs mainly at the nitrogen atom of benzopyranopyridine ring, because the thermodynamic properties for hydrogen bond formation between benzopyranopyridine and ethanol showed a striking resemblance to those of the pyridine–ethanol system. In addition, the presence of an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the amino and carbonyl groups of benzopyranopyridine derivatives was confirmed by means of IR spectra.
A Study of Surfactant Solutions Using the Liquid Membrane Electrode Selective to Alkyl Sulfate Ions
Authors: Yamauchi Akira , Kunisaki Takuma , Minematsu Toshiaki , Tomokiyo Yukiko , Yamaguchi Takeo , Kimizuka Hideo
Published: July 2006

Liquid membrane electrodes selective to alkyl sulfate ions were devised for octyl, decyl, and dodecyl sulfate ions, and employed in the study of micellar solutions. A nitrobenzene solution of hexadecyltrimethylammonium—alkyl sulfate complex was used as the liquid membrane. The membrane potential-logarithmic concentration showed a maximum at the critical micelle concentration (CMC), an increase with the Nernstian slope at the lower concentrations and a decrease at the higher concentrations. Below CMC, the presence of excess inorganic salt did not alter the Nernstian slope, i.e., the liquid membrane was more highly permselective to alkyl sulfate ions than to inorganic anions. From a simple thermodynamic consideration of a micellar solution based on the pseudo phase model of the micelle, the change in the activity of alkyl sulfate ions and the dissociation of the micelle were discussed. It has been deduced that the concentration of the singly dispersed surfactant ions above CMC is reduced with concentration, except for the presence of a large excess of added electrolyte, and that the degree of dissociation of the micelle is unaltered even when the excess electrolyte is added.
Thermodynamic Study on the Adsorption of 1-Octadecanol at Hexane/Water Interface
Authors: Matubayasi Norihiro , Motomura Kinsi , Aratono Makoto , Matuura Ryohei
Published: July 2006

The interfacial tension α between water and hexane solution of 1-octadecanol has been measured as functions of temperature T, pressure p, and mole fraction of 1-octadecanol in hexane x10 by the pendant drop method. The curves of γ vs.  T, γ vs.  p, and γ vs.  x10 show noticeable break points. Calculated thermodynamic quantities such as energy changes, entropy changes, and volume changes associated with the adsorption show the points of discontinuity at a certain temperature, pressure, and composition, corresponding to the above breaking points. It has been clarified that the first order phase transition between the expanded and condensed states takes place at the interface like that of monomolecular films spread on water surfaces. The expanded state is characterized by a relatively high energy, high entropy, and large volume, while the condensed state by low energy, low entropy, and small volume.
Crystal Structures of N-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)prolylleucine Ethyl Ester and N-(t-Butoxycarbonyl)prolylleucine Benzyl Ester
Authors: Sugino Harumasa , Tanaka Isao , Ashida Tamaichi
Published: July 2006

The molecular structures of N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)prolylleucine ethyl ester and N-(t-butoxycarbonyl)prolylleucine benzyl ester, were determined by the X-ray method. The former belongs to the orthorhombic system P212121 with Z=4, a=9.917(3), b=21.960(3), and c=9.956(1) Å; the latter belongs to the monoclinic system P21 with Z=2, a=10.475(1), b=17.910(1), c=6.303(1) Å, and β=90.213(7)°. Both structures were determined by the direct method; the final R indexes are 0.062 for the former and 0.072 for the latter. An extended conformation found in both dipeptides shows that in terms of the Pro–Leu unit alone this conformation is preferable to the folded β-turn conformation such as is found in longer peptides. The leucyl side chain conformations found in peptides or amino acids were also studied. For the residues occurring in the peptides the C′–Cα–Cβ–Cγ–Cδ1 transzigzag conformation was found overwhelmingly, without any obvious relationships to the main chain torsion angles. On the other hand, for the C-termini leucyl residues and leucines the N–Cα–Cβ–Cγ–Cδ2 trans-zigzag conformation was rather preferred and the ψ values were restricted to a narrow range.
The Theoretical Study of External Magnetic Field Effect on Chemical Reactions in Solution
Authors: Hayashi Hisaharu , Nagakura Saburo
Published: July 2006

External magnetic field effects on chemical reactions in solution are studied theoretically and consequently reactions through radical pairs are shown to be controlled by a magnetic field. Some conditions necessary for the occurrence of the magnetic field effects are discussed, the effects being classified into three types: (1) the electronic Zeeman effect (ΔgβH), (2) the hyperfine interaction effect, and (3) the mixed effect.
Electronic Structures and Spectra of Aminoacetophenones and Related Compounds
Authors: Nakagaki Ryoichi , Nagakura Saburo , Kobayasm Takayoshi , Iwata Suehiro
Published: July 2006

The Sn←S0 and Sn←S1 transition bands were measured with m- and p-dimethylaminoacetophenones and related compounds in order to clarify the characters of the excited singlet states. The observed spectra were reasonably interpreted by the use of the theoretical results based on the composite molecule method. The longest wavelength band (S1←S0) of the meta isomer has mainly the local excitation (LE) character of aniline (1B2←1A1), while that of the para isomer is ragarded as the intramolecular charge-transfer band. In the para isomer the LE transition corresponding to 1B2←1A1 is covered by the intense CT band. The Sn←S1 transitions of the meta isomer are almost of LE character, whereas those of the para isomer are of back CT nature. This is mainly attributed to the difference in the character of S1.
Reduction of Calcium Interference on Barium Using the Nitrogen-Shielded Nitrous Oxide–Acetylene Flame in Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Kawamura Hisao
Published: July 2006

The interference effects of calcium on barium in atomic absorption spectroscopy, i.e., background absorption and noise effect having been attributed to the CaOH green band were further studied. The behavior of the interfering calcium hydroxide radical and the barium atom itself was studied in relation to the distribution of natural species, OH and CN, using conventional and nitrogen-shielded nitrous oxide–acetylene flames. A remarkable reduction in the calcium interference was demonstrated using a nitrogen-shielded version of moderately fuel-rich flames. This effect was attributed to the suppression of CaOH formation which was brought about by an improvement in the reducing nature of the flame with shielding.
The Synthesis of Hydrated Rare Earth Carbonate Single Crystals in Gels
Authors: Wakita Hisanobu
Published: July 2006

Hydrated rare earth carbonate single crystals were obtained in metasilicate gels. The formulas of the crystals were determined to be (RE)2(CO3)3·8H2O (RE=La, Pr) and (RE)2(CO3)3·4.54H2O (RE=Nd), and the crystal structures were determined to be of the lanthanit type.
The Complexing of the Ammonium Ion in Acetonitrile with Other Solvents. Investigation Using a Cation-sensitive Glass Electrode
Authors: Izutsu Kosuke , Nakamura Toshio , Murayama Taiji , Fujinaga Taitiro
Published: July 2006

As a part of potentiometric studies of the complexing of univalent cations in acetonitrile with other solvents by the use of a cation-sensitive glass electrode, investigations were carried out of the complexing of the ammonium ion in acetonitrile with such solvents as water, methanol, N-methylformamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and hexamethylphosphoric triamide, and also with dibenzo-18-crown-6. Prior to the study of the complexing, the cation-sensitive glass electrode was confirmed to respond in a Nernstian way to the change in the ammonium-ion activity which occurs due to the change of the solvent (solvent effect). The ammonium ion in acetonitrile formed complexes of mono- and di-solvated species with methanol and water. Formations of up to tri-solvated species were formed with DMF, DMA, and DMSO, and up to tetra-solvated species with 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and NMF. With HMPA, even penta-solvated species were formed. The complex formation constants of the mono-solvated ammonium ion, β1 (mol −1 dm3), were 1.7 with methanol, 5.6 with DMF, 14 with DMSO, 17 with DMA, 31 with 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 3.0×102 with NMF, and 1.2×103 with HMPA. The association constant of ammonium perchlorate in acetonitrile was determined conductometrically to be 25 mol −1 dm3.
Mixed Ligand Complexes of Copper(II)-1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol with Bidentate Ligands
Authors: Wada Hiroko , Ikuta Kazuyoshi , Nakagawa Genkichi
Published: July 2006

Formation constants of mixed ligand complexes of copper(II)-1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol chelate (Cu(pan)) with bidentate ligands, which accelerate the rate of color change of 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) indicator in copper(II)-EDTA titrations, were determined by the spectrophotometric method in 5 or 10% v/v dioxane–H2O at μ=0.1 (KNO3) and at 25 °C. The overall formation constants (logKCu(pan)Lpan.L=log ([Cu(pan)L]/[Cu][L][pan]) are 21.26 (5% dioxane) for 2,2′-bipyridine, 21.64 (10% dioxane) for ethylenediamine, 22.80 (5% dioxane) for 8-hydroxy-5-quinolinesulfonic acid, 19.39 (10% dioxane) for glycine, and 20.68 (10% dioxane) for iminodiacetic acid. These ligands coordinate with Cu(pan) chelate as bidentate ligands, and the mixed ligand complexes may have a distorted octahedron structure. Thus the Cu–pan bond in the mixed ligand complex is weakened.
Binuclear Metal Complexes, XXIII. Molecular Structure of a Heterometal Binuclear Complex, CuCo(fsaen)·3H2O(C18H18N2O9CoCu)
Authors: Mikuriya Masahiro , Okawa Hisashi , Kida Siego , Ueda Ikuhiko
Published: July 2006

The crystal structure of hetero-metal binuclear complex, CuCo(fsaen)·3H2O, with N,N′-bis(3-carboxysalicylidene)ethylenediamine (H4fsaen) was determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The crystals are trigonal, space group P3221, a=b=12.845(2), c=9.962(1) Å, V=1423.5(4) Å3, and Z=3. The structure was solved by the heavy atom method and refined by the block-diagonal least-squares method to an R factor of 0.028. The copper atom is coordinated by two nitrogen atoms and two phenolic oxygen atoms in a square-planar manner. The cobalt atom is coordinated by two equatorial carboxyl oxygen atoms, two equatorial phenolic oxygen atoms and two axial water oxygen atoms in a distorted octahedral geometry. The detailed structure determined is in conformity with the magnetic and spectral properties previously reported.
Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies of the Complex Formation of Mercury(II) Acetate in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Tamura Kiyoshi , Harada Shoji , Hiraissh Michinori , Yasunaga Tatsuya
Published: July 2006

An ultrasonic absorption study has been carried out on aqueous acidic solutions of mercury(II) acetate. The absorption data shows a single-relaxation phenomenon in the frequency range of 15–95 MHz. On the other hand, the results of the pH measurement indicate that the only mecury(II) acetate complexes conceivable in solution are of the HgL+ and HgL2 forms (L− denotes the acetate ion); the succesive formation constants of these complexes, together with the mercury(II) hydrolysis constants, are also determined. The equilibrium constants reported are: 2.1×103 for K1, 4.9×103 for K2, 6×10−4 for Kh1, and 1.0×10−3 for Kh2, at 30 °C and I=1. On the basis of the above results, the ultrasonic relaxation absorption is ascribed to the complex formation reaction: HgL++L−\leftrightharpoonsHgL2. The rate constants and the volume change of this reaction are determined to be: kfo=7.8×109 M−1 s−1, kbo=1.6×106 s−1, and ΔV=18 cm3 mol−1, at 30 °C.
Anodic Voltammetry and Its Analytical Application to the Detection and Simultaneous Determination of Hypoxanthine, Xanthine, and Uric Acid
Authors: Yao Toshio , Taniguchi Yoichi , Wasa Tamotsu , Musha Soichiro
Published: July 2006

The voltammetric oxidation of hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid was investigated by means of linearsweep voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and controlled-potential coulometry. Hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid each gave a single oxidation peak at a different potential, with a stationary glassy carbon electrode, over the wide pH range of 0–13. Hypoxanthine was initially oxidized in a two-electron step to xanthine, which was then further oxidized in a two-electron step to uric acid, as well as the enzymatic oxidation. All three substances were strongly adsorbed on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode, so that the concentration vs .anodic peak current curves were not linear. The adsorption on the electrode was very dependent on the pH, and especially at pH values around neutrality the anodic peaks were ill-defined. However, in such acid solutions as H3PO4 and H2SO4, the voltammetric oxidation was a diffusion-controlled process and the differences between the peak potentials were most pronounced (ca. 400 mV). Consequently, it was possible to determine simultaneously three hydroxypurine bases by using 1 M H2SO4 or 1 M H3PO4 as a supporting electrolyte, without prior treatment or separation procedures.
Preparation and Solid-phase Thermal cis-α↔cis-β Isomerization of the Chromium(III) Triethylenetetramine Complexes
Authors: Tsuchiya Ryokichi , Uehara Akira , Noji Kazuhiko , Yamamura Hitoshi
Published: July 2006

Heating of a mixture of CrCl3·6H2O and triethylenetetramine (trien) produced violet products which gave cis-α-[Cr2(OH)2trien2]X4·2H2O and cis-α-[Cr(OH)(H2O)trien]X2·H2O (X=Cl, Br or I) on treatment with aqueous NaX solutions. cis-α-[CrCl2trien]Cl·2H2O were obtained in the presence of a trace amount of water. Absolutely dry conditions are necessary for the preparation of cis-β-[CrCl2trien]Cl. The thermally induced reversible cis-α↔cis-β isomerization was detected in the complexes cis-α-[Cr(OH)(H2O)trien]Cl2·H2O and cis-β-[CrCl2-trien]Cl by means of derivatography and high-temperature IR spectroscopy. The former cis-α-hydroxoaqua complex was found to be converted irreversibly into cis-β-form above 225 °C in the solid-phase. The cis-β-form obtained readily isomerized to cis-α-form in aqueous media. The dimeric cis-α-[Cr2(OH)2trien2]4+ was converted gradually into the monomeric cis-α-[Cr(OH)(H2O)trien]2+ in water.
Pyrolytic Sulfurization Gas Chromatography. III. Simultaneous Determination of the Atomic Ratio between C, H, O, and N in a Metallo-organic Compound
Authors: Hara Tadashi , Fujinaga Kaoru , Tsuji Katsuya
Published: July 2006

Simultaneous determination of the atomic ratio between C, H, O, and N in a metallo-organic compound containing transition element is possible by the pyrolytic sulfurization gas chromatographic method, addition of reducing agent being unnecessary. Analytical results of metallo-organic compounds depend on the characteristics of their metal oxides. A few organophosphorus compounds were analyzed. The formation of water could be predicted from the atomic ratio of carbon to oxygen in a compound.
Stereochemical Studies of the Electrolytic Reactions of Organic Compounds. V. The Electro-reductive Cyclization of 1-Acyl-8-benzdylnaphthalenes to 1,2-Acenaphthenediols
Authors: Nonaka Tsutomu , Asai Mitsuo
Published: July 2006

The electrolytic reductions of several 1-acyl-8-benzoylnaphthalenes were carried out by means of controlled potential electrolysis at a mercury cathode in various catholytes. The isomeric ratio of the cis- and trans-1,2-acenaphthenediols thus formed depended on the kind of acyl group, supporting electrolyte, organic solvent in the catholyte, and cathode potential applied. The mechanism of the reductive cyclization is discussed from the stereochemical point of view, and it is proposed that the cyclization may occur not only by the intramolecular coupling of the biradical intermediate, but also by the intramolecular nucleophilic addition of the anionic part of the carbanion intermediate to its unreacted carbonyl group.
Synthesis of the Monoterpene Lactone from Chrysanthemum flosculosum L.
Authors: Yamagiwa Shûichi , Kosugi Hiroshi , Uda Hisashi
Published: July 2006

The synthesis of a lactonic constituent [(Z)-5-ethylidene-5,6-dihydro-3,6,6-trimethyl-2H-pyran-2-one] isolated from Chrysanthemum flosculosum L. is described. Dehydration of 5-ethyl-5,6-dihydro-5-hydroxy-3,6,6-trimethyl-2H-pyran-2-one derived from 5-ethyl-5,6-dihydro-6,6-dimethyl-3-phenylthio-2H-pyran-2-one via methylation, oxidation, [2,3]sigmatropic rearrangement, and saponification, gave the geoisomeric [(E)-5-ethylidene] lactone. Photochemical isomerization of the ethylidene side-chain furnished the natural lactone. The geometry of the ethylidene group in both isomers has been rigorously established.
Photochemical Reaction of 3,3-Dimethyl-1,2-indanedione with Xanthene
Authors: Maruyama Kazuhiro , Osuka Atsuhiro , Naruta Yoshinori
Published: July 2006

The photochemical reaction of 3,3-dimethyl-1,2-indanedione (DMID) with xanthene was investigated in detail. The products are 1-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-(9-xanthenyl)-2-indanone (3a) (49%), 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-indanone (13%), 1,1′-dihydroxy-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl-1,1′-biindan-2,2′-dione (5a) (23%), and 9,9′-bixanthenyl (6) (49%). The reaction proceeds via hydrogen abstraction by 3(nπ)* of DMID leading to triplet radical pair composed of its semidione radical and 9-xanthenyl radical. The product 3a is a combination product from the radical pair, while 5a and 6 are escaping products from it. The hydrogen abstraction occurs at C-1 carbonyl group of DMID in a fairly efficient quantum yield (Φ=0.71). Behavior of the DMID semidione radical is rather resemble those of open-chain semidione radicals than those of sterically hindered semidione radicals.
Solubility and Diffusion Coefficient of Sulfur in Silver
Authors: Fueki Kazuo , Ota Kenichiro , Kishio Kohji
Published: July 2006

The solubility Ns and the diffusion coefficient D of sulfur in silver were determined at 604–752 °C by means of a previously proposed method. The results can be represented by the following equations:

logNs(atom fraction)=−0.818−\frac2.28×103T,

D=2.34×10−3exp\left(−\frac26300RT\ight) cm2s−1.
Magnetic Susceptibility of the So-Called Zero-Valent Aluminium Complex of 2,2′-Bipyridine, [Al(bpy)3]0·1/2THF
Authors: Inoue Motomichi , Horiba Tatsuo , Hara Ken-ichi
Published: July 2006

The magnetic susceptibility of tris(2,2′-bipyridine)aluminium(0) was determined between 4.2 and 300 K. It can be explained by a radical ion model in which three 2,2′-bipyridine radical ions are coordinated to an aluminium-(III) ion. Antiferromagnetic interaction operates between the radical ions with the exchange integral J⁄k=−110–115 K.
The Oxidative Animation of Diethyl 2-Hydroxyazulene-1,3-dicarboxylate and Cycloheptimidazol-2(1H)-one
Authors: Kikuchi Katsuo , Maki Yuji , Saito Noriyuki
Published: July 2006

The reaction of diethyl 2-hydroxyazulene-1,3-dicarboxylate with morpholine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, and dimethylamine in the presence of copper(II) acetate gave the respective 6-aminoazulene derivatives. Similarly, the reaction of cycloheptimidazol-2(1H)-one with morpholine gave the 6-ami-nocycloheptimidazole derivative, while the reaction with pyrrolidine gave the 4-(or 5-)aminocycloheptimidazole derivative.
Reactions of Thioacylketene Thioacetals and o-Thioquinone Methides with Enamines
Authors: Okazaki Renji , Ishii Fumio , Inamoto Naoki
Published: July 2006

o-Thioquinone methide reacted with enamines to give [4+2] cycloadduct in good yield. In the case of morpholinoenamine, 1 : 2 adduct was obtained. Thiobenzoylketene thioacetals underwent dimerization accompanied by concomitant desulfurization upon reaction with 1-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexene. The reaction mechanism of these reactions were discussed. Some other reactions of thioacylketene thioacetals with enamines were also described.
Unusual Reductive Deamination of 2,6-Dibromo-3,4,5-trimethylaniline by Alkyl Nitrites in N,N-Dimethylformamide. Simultaneous Side-chain Nitration
Authors: Suzuki Hitomi , Mishina Tadashi , Hanafusa Terukiyo
Published: July 2006

Treatment of 2,6-dibromo-3,4,5-trimethylaniline with t-butyl nitrite in N,N-dimethylformamide at 60–65 °C was found to give a significant amount of a side-chain nitration product, 3,5-dibromo-2,6-dimethylphenylnitromethane, in addition to the expected 4,6-dibromo-1,2,3-trimethylbenzene.
Microwave Spectrum, Structure, and Quadrupole Coupling Constant of s-cis o-Chlorophenol-d
Authors: Onda Masao , Yamaguchi Ichiro
Published: July 2006

The microwave spectrum of o-chlorophenol-d has been observed in the frequency range 17–34 GHz. The rotational and centrifugal distortion constants have been obtained. The analysis of the hyperfine structure has given the following nuclear quadrupole coupling constants for the 35Cl species: χaa=−67.1, χbb=33.1, and χcc=34.0 (MHz). The spectrum assigned has been attributed to the s-cis-form (the hydroxyl hydrogen pointed toward the chlorine) from the consideration of the rs-coordinates of hydrogen and chlorine atoms. The non-bonded Cl…H distance is 2.373±0.001 Å.
Chemisorption of Sulfur on Thermally Decomposed Copper and Iron Sulfides
Authors: Yamasaki Nakamichi
Published: July 2006

The chemisorption of sulfur on thermally decomposed copper and iron sulfides was studied and its application to the desulfurization process of heavy oil was attemped. Thermal decomposition of sulfides was carried out by calcining CuS and FeS2 at 200–800 °C under 10−3 mmHg and with 5 °C/min. Sulfur was adsorbed on the calcined sulfides in toluene. Thermally decomposed copper sulfide (Cu/S: 1–2) easily chemisorbs free sulfur in toluene below 100 °C, but not iron sulfide (Fe/S: 1–0.5). The relationship between sulfur affinity and the structure of partially decomposed sulfide was discussed in terms of the kinetics of initial chemisorption of sulfur and the sulfur adsorption coefficient calculated from the ratio of the adsorbed sulfur to the sulfur required to reform starting CuS and FeS2. The partially decomposed copper sulfide (Cu1-2S) easily chemisorbs free sulfur in heavy oil. Chemisorption might be applied to the desulfurization of heavy oil.
The Photoreduction of the Silver Ion in a Zinc Oxide Suspension
Authors: Hada Hiroshi , Tanemura Hatsumi , Yonezawa Yoshiro
Published: July 2006

Quantum yields of from 0.235 to 0.385 have been determined for the reduction of Ag+ by the irradiation of 365 nm light on a ZnO surface in aqueous solutions containing 5×10−5 to 1×10−3 M AgClO4. It is proposed that these results can be interpreted by a reaction scheme based on the assumption that some conduction-band electron produced in the ZnO by the irradiation transfers to the Ag+ adsorbed on the ZnO surface. The surface-energy barrier under the present experimental conditions was discussed with the aid of the electrochemical measurement of the ZnO sinter. The photoreduction of Ag+ is optically sensitized by the addition of xanthene dyes, such as Uranine and Rhodamine B. In this case, it is observed that the photoreduction of Ag+ is accompanied by the photolysis of dye molecules. The apparent quantum yields (the number of reacted molecules/the number of photons absorbed in the suspension) of the dye-sensitized photoreduction of Ag+ and the photolysis of dye molecules are 0.015 and 0.007 for Uranine, and 0.003 and 0.0003 for Rhodamine B, respectively.
The Esterification of Thujopsene with Bismuth(III) Sulfate in Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Abe Kazuo , Ito Masaaki
Published: July 2006

The catalytic interaction of cis-(−) -thujopsene with a series of organic acids from acetic to octanoic in the presence of bismuth(III) sulfate afforded the corresponding esters in 20–34% yields, accompanied by skeletal rearrangement. The follow-up of the reaction, an investigation of the reaction conditions, and the effects of catalysts are described.
Fluxional Behavior of Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) Complexes Containing both a Metal–Aryl Bond and a Pyrazole-derived Ligand
Authors: Onishi Masayoshi , Sugimura Koji , Hiraki Katsuma
Published: July 2006

New (acetophenone oximato, 2-C,N)- and (benzophenone oximato, 2-C,N)palladium(II) complexes containing poly(1-pyrazolyl)borato ligand (BPz4 or HBPz3, Pz=1-pyrazolyl) or poly(1-pyrazolyl)methane (CPz4 or HCPz3) were prepared and investigated by means of 1H-NMR spectroscopy. For the BPz4 complexes, the tumbling motion of the BPz4 ligand averaged the environments of all four pyrazolyl groups to give spectroscopic equivalence above 65 °C, and was virtually frozen at ca. −9°C. With regard to the HBPz3, CPz4, and HCPz3 complexes, all pyrazolyl groups were equivalent at high temperature exhibiting stereochemical nonrigidity. The well-defined slow-exchange limiting spectra were not obtained at ca. −34 °C. In addition, new (acetophenone oximato, 2-C,N)platinum(II) complexes involving the BPz4 or HBPz3 ligand were prepared. The bidentate coordination of the BPz4 ligand in the BPz4 platinum(II) complex was stereochemically rigid in the range of 29 to 110 °C in DMSO-d6. Three pyrazolyl groups in the HBPz3 platinum(II) complex were equivalent at 85 °C in DMSO-d6, while the fluxional motion was fairly restricted at room temperature.
Phase Equilibria in Europium(III) Oxide-Titanium(IV) Oxide System at Temperatures from 900 to 1400 °C
Authors: Iwasaki Bunji
Published: July 2006

The phase equilibria in the Eu2O3–TiO2 system has been established at temperatures from 900 to 1400 °C in air using coprecipitated gels as starting materials. In this system, Eu2O3, TiO2, Eu2TiO5, and Eu2Ti2O7 are stable. The stoichiometric Eu2Ti2O7 has a cubic pyrochlore type structure with a=1.0210(3) nm, and forms a solid solution with TiO2. The TiO2 contents and the lattice constants of these solid solutions equilibrated with TiO2 at different temperatures were [given as mol %, a/nm, θ/°C]: 70.4(5), 1.0187(1), 1409(9); 69.5(5), 1.0193(1), 1292(8); 68.9(5), 1.0197(1), 1191(9); 68.4(5), 1.0200(1), 1099(2); 68.1(5), 1.0202(1), 996(4); and 68.0(5), 1.0203(1), 898(3). Numbers in parentheses are errors in the last digits.
Steric Effects on Carbon-13 Chemical Shifts in 3-Aryl-1,2,3-oxathiazolidine 2-Oxides
Authors: Nishiyama Tomihiro , Mizuno Takashi , Yamada Fukiko
Published: July 2006

The carbon-13 NMR spectra of 3-aryl-1,2,3-oxathiazolidine 2-oxides were obtained and discussed. Some of the carbon shifts are greatly influenced by the conformation of the oxathiazolidine ring.
Structural Study of Optical Resolution. IV-b. The Crystal Structure of (+)589-Oxalatobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) Hydrogen-d-tartrate Monohydrate and Its Thermal Behavior
Authors: Kuramoto Masahiro , Kushi Yoshihiko , Yoneda Hayami
Published: July 2006

The crystal structure of (+)589-oxalatobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) hydrogen-d-tartrate monohydrate, (+)589-[Co(ox)en2]H-d-tart·H2O, has been determined by three-dimensional X-ray analysis. The red crystals are monoclinic, space group P21 with two molecules in a unit cell of dimensions a=8.27(1), b=14.60(1), c=7.02(1) Å, and β=104.8(2)°. The structure was solved by Patterson and Fourier methods, and refined by anisotropic blockdiagonal least-squares to a conventional R-value of 0.100 for the 1265 independent reflections observed. In the diastereoisomer, the optically active complex cation is locked by the {H-d-tart}∞ units of the right-handed spiral chains formed along the b-axis. The TG and DSC measurements have been carried out on both less- and more-soluble diastereoisomers of oxalatobis(ethylenediamine) cobalt (III) hydrogen-d-tartrate; the difference of their thermal behavior is discussed.
Synthetic Approach to 2,3,5-Triamino-2,3,5-trideoxy-d-arabonic Acid Derivatives from 3,4,6-Triazido-3,4,6-trideoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-d-glucopyranose
Authors: Kinoshita Mitsuhiro , Aburaki Shinpei , Kawada Yasuyuki , Yamasaki Takumi , Suzuki Yoshiharu , Niimura Yoichi
Published: July 2006

3,6-Diazido-3,6-dideoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-d-glucofuranose was converted into the corresponding derivative of α-d-glucopyranose, which was transformed into 3,4,6-triazido-3,4,6-trideoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-d-glucopyranose (7) through the sequence of reactions involving displacement of sulfonate ester function with benzoate, followed by debenzoylation, sulfonylation, and nucleophilic substitution. Hydrogenolysis of 7 afforded the corresponding triamino derivative 8. The tri-N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of 8 was O-deisopropylidenated and oxidized with periodate to afford the piperidinose derivative 11, deformylation of which yielded 2,3,5-tris(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-2,3,5-trideoxy-d-arabinopyranose (13). “Pfitzner-Moffatt” oxidation of 11 failed to give the corresponding lactam 15. Condensation of the 6-N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of 8 (18) with cyanogen bromide afforded the cyclic guanidine derivative (20) hydrobromide. The triazido derivative 7 was converted into 3,4,6-tris(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-3,4,6-trideoxy-d-glucitol (23), which was then oxidized successively with periodate and chromium trioxide-acetic acid-pyridine to give 2,3,5-tris(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-2,3,5-trideoxy-d-arabono-1,4-lactone (25); this was further transformed into 2,3,5-trianimo-2,3,5-trideoxy-d-arabono-1,5-lactam (16).
The Reaction of N-(Phenylsulfonyl)benzohydrazonoyl Chloride with Enamines
Authors: Ito Suketaka , Tanaka Yumo , Kakehi Akikazu , Matsuno Toshiyuki
Published: July 2006

3-(Diethylamino)crotonic acid esters and 1-diethylamino-1-cyclohexene react with N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzohydrazonoyl chloride to give substituted pyrazoles in 87–89% and 1.4% yields, respectively, the corresponding morpholine enamines affording no pyrazoles. The pyrazole formation is interpreted in terms of a step-by-step process involving the nucleophilic attack of the enamines on the hydrazonoyl chloride.
Studies on 5–8 Fused Ring Compounds. II. The Crystal and Molecular Structure of 7-Bromo-4,4-dimethylbicyclo[6.3.0]undecane-2,6-dione
Authors: Umehara Misao , Takayanagi Hiroaki , Ogura Haruo , Hishida Shinzaburo
Published: July 2006

The crystal structure of 7-bromo-4,4-dimethylbicyclo[6.3.0]undecane-2,6-dione has been determined in order to elucidate the configuration and the conformation of 4,4-dimethylbicyclo[6.3.0]undecane-2,6-dione. The crystals of this compound are triclinic with space group P\barl and the unit cell dimensions are, a=7.178, b=16.934, c=6.091 Å, α=96.22, β=100.91, γ=115.39°, and Z=2. The crystal structure was solved by the heavy-atom method and refined by the block-diagonal least-squares method. The final R value for 1473 non-zero reflexions was 0.067. The ring fusion of this compound is trans and the 8-membered ring has a boat-chair conformation.
Structural Studies on Anthglutin, an Inhibitor of γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase, from Penicillium Oxalicum
Authors: Kinoshita Takeshi , Minato Sadamasa
Published: July 2006

Anthglutin, a new γ-glutamylphenylhydrazine and an inhibitor of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, has been isolated from the cultured medium of Penicillium oxalicum. Spectral studies indicate that it has the structure of 1-γ-l-glutamyl-2-(2-carboxyphenyl)hydrazine.
Solvent Effects on Intramolecular Photocycloaddition of Poly(1-vinylnaphthalene)
Authors: Kamijo Takao , Irie Masahiro , Hayashi Koichiro
Published: July 2006

Photocycloaddition reaction of naphthalene side groups in poly (1-vinylnaphthalene) was studied in cyclohexane, benzene, and dichloromethane. In cyclohexane the reaction proceeds following the first order kinetics to a high conversion of 70%, while in dichloromethane the reaction levels off at a very low conversion of 20%. The reaction behavior in benzene is intermediate between cyclohexane and dichloromethane. Quenching and sensitizing experiments proved that a triplet mechanism is predominant in cyclohexane, while in dichloromethane a singlet mechanism, presumably excimer mechanism, takes place. The solvent effect was interpreted by the formation of ground state dimer due to the conformational change of the polymer chain in poor solvents.
Oxidative Degradation of Polymers. VI. Photooxidation of Polystyrene Powder and Some Model Compounds
Authors: Shiono Takeo , Niki Etsuo , Kamiya Yoshio
Published: July 2006

The rates and products of photooxidation of polystyrene powder were studied at 70 °C under irradiation of a 30W low pressure mercury lamp. It was found that the rate of oxidation is remarkably high but the amount of oxygen incorporated into the polystyrene chain is very small. About a half of the absorbed oxygen appeared as carbon dioxide, independent of the conversion, irradiation time, oxygen pressure, and molecular weight. A trace amount of phenol was detected by GLC. The isotachophoretic analysis showed the formation of formic acid, oxalic acid, and glyoxylic acid. It was found that the mechanism of photooxidation is dependent on the state of the substrate, i.e., crystalline solid, melt(viscous liquid) or solution. It is concluded that the polystyrene powder is photooxidized from its surface and aromatic ring of polystyrene is cleaved to give carboxylic acids. It was suggested that ozone played an important role in the photooxidation of polystyrene. The conclusions are supported by the results obtained in the photooxidation of some model compouds such as 1,2-diphenylethane, hexamethylbenzene, azobenzene, and phenylazotriphenylmethane.
Synthesis of 6-O-Mycoloyl-Nacetylmuramyl-l-alanyl-d-isoglutamine with Antitumor Activity
Authors: Shiba Tetsuo , Okada Satoshi , Kusumoto Shoichi , Azuma Ichiro , Yamamura Yuichi
Published: July 2006

N-Acetylmuramyl-l-alanyl-d-isoglutamine corresponding to the minimum structure responsible for the immunoadjuvant activity of bacterial cell walls was acylated at the 6-hydroxyl group with various mycolic acids of long carbon chains in order to test their possible antitumor effects. Mycolic acids used were extracted from cell walls of Mycobacterium, Nocardia, and Corynebacterium. All the mycoloyl derivatives synthesized show antitumor activity based on a principle of immunotherapy.
The Synthesis of 1,2,3,4-Tetramethyl-5-nitronaphthalene and 1,2,3,4-Tetramethyl-6-nitronaphthalene
Authors: Oku Akira , Matsui Akira
Published: July 2006

1,2,3,4-Tetramethyl-5-nitronaphthalene and 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl-6-nitronaphthalene were prepared by the pyrolysis of 5- and 8-nitro-1,2,3,4,10,10-hexamethyl-1,4-dihydro-1,4-ethanonaphthalen-9-ones and their 6- and 7-nitro-isomers respectively.
Reactions of Azomethine Derivatives. IV. The Synthesis of 2,3,5-Trisubstituted 2-Pyrrolin-4-ones and Their Oxidation to 2,4,5-Trisubstituted 1,3-Oxazin-6-ones
Authors: Takahashi Masahiko , Inaba Nobuyuki , Kirihara Hiroji , Watanabe Shin-ichi
Published: July 2006

The reaction of aromatic azines with diphenylcyclopropenone in refluxing toluene gave 5-aryl-2,3-diphenyl-2-pyrrolin-4-ones (4) in moderate yields via initial [2+3] 1:1 cycloaddition and subsequent elimination of an aromatic nitrile from the adducts. Treatment with phosphorus pentasulfide deoxygenated the compounds 4 to 5-aryl-2,3-diphenyl-pyrroles. The same compounds 4 were oxidized to 2-aryl-4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazin-6-ones (11) by refluxing the pyridine solution in a stream of oxygen, by treatment with hydrogen peroxide, or by irradiation of the chloroform solution in a stream of oxygen. Treatment with alkali in aqueous pyridine converted 4 into 3-aroylamino-2,3-diphenylacrylic acids. These were also obtained from the hydrolysis of 11. When p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde azine reacted with diethyl azodicarboxylate in refluxing toluene, a 1:2 conjugated adduct, 3,6-bis(p-dimethylaminophenyl)-1,2,7,8-tetrakis(ethoxycarbonyl)-1,2,4,5,7,8-hexaaza-3,5-octadiene, and a 1:1 conjugate adduct, 3,6-bis p(-dimethylaminophenyl)-1,2-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-1,2,4,5-tetraaza-3,5-hexadiene, were obtained.
Dehydroannulenes. VIII. Synthesis of Position Isomers of Di-t-butyldiphenyl-1,8-bisdehydro[14]annulene and Dimethoxy Derivative
Authors: Nomoto Tateo , Nakatsuji Shin’ichi , Nakagawa Masazumi
Published: July 2006

Two position isomers of di-t-butyl-diphenyl-1,8-bisdehydro[14]annulene corresponding to o- and m-isomers of terphenyl have been prepared by a stepwise reaction sequence, and their physical properties were compared with those of 3,10-di-t-butyl-7,14-diphenyl-1,8-bisdehydro[14]annulene which corresponds to the p-isomer of terphenyl. The marked difference in electronic spectra between o-, m-, and p-isomers of terphenyl could not be observed in the spectra of “ortho”-, “meta”-, and “para”-isomers of the [14]annulene. Dimethoxy derivative of the “para-isomer, 3,10-di-t-bufyl-6,13-dimethoxy-7,14-diphenyl-1,8-bisdehydro[14]annulene, has been synthesized.
Syntheses and Some Properties of 9,2′:7′,9″-, 9,2′:9′,9″-, and 9,4′:9′,9″-Terfluorene
Authors: Minabe Masahiro , Yoshida Masaaki , Suzuki Kazuo
Published: July 2006

Three kinds of terfluorene and 9,4′:9′,9″:4″,9'″-quaterfluorene were synthesized. The 1H-NMR spectrum of 9′- and 9″-methine protons of 9,4′:9′,9″-terfluorene shows an AB spin pattern at room temperature, and that of 9,2′:9′,9″-terfluorene has an A2 pattern. The π-π* red shift of the UV spectra of some fulvalenes are in the order of 9,9′-bifluorenylidene, 4-(9-fluorenyl)-, and 4,4′-di(9-fluorenyl)-9,9′-bifluorenylidene. A homoconjugation effect was also observed in an alcohol series: 9-fluorenol, 4,9′-bifluoren-9-ol, and 9,4′:9′,9″-terfluoren-9′-ol.
Mass-transfer Experiment through the Water–Benzene Interface in a Capillary Tube
Authors: Shimbashi Teruya
Published: July 2006

In order to confirm a previous discussion of a mass-transfer experiment that indicated a high interfacial resistance, an experiment using a capillary tube was done for the transfer process of butylamine through the water-benzene interface at 50 °C. The results obtained agree with the preceding ones.
Excitation Wavelength Dependence of Quinoline Phosphorescence Lifetime
Authors: Hung I-Fu , Okamura Tadashi , Sugamori Sam , Yip R W
Published: July 2006

The quinoline phosphorescence lifetime in several rigid media at 77 K has been found to be dependent on excitation wavelength. The change of lifetime is especially remarkable in hydroxylic solvents. This observation has been attributed to the inhomogeneous broadening of spectral lines caused by the distribution of solvent environments around quinoline molecules.
The Reaction of Phenylacetonitriles with Benzaldehydes in Hexamethylphosphoric Triamide Solution Containing the Sodium Salt of α,α-Dimethylbenzyl Hydroperoxide
Authors: Takahashi Kazumasa , Yamada Kazutoshi , Iida Hirotada
Published: July 2006

Treatment of phenylacetonitriles with p-substituted benzaldehydes in hexamethylphosphoric triamide solution containing the sodium salt of α,α-dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide gave α-benzoyl-α-phenylacetamides as major products.
The Photochemical SO Extrusion of 2,2,4,4-Tetraacylthietane 1-Oxides
Authors: Ito Shoei , Mori Jun-ichi
Published: July 2006

The irradiation of a benzene solution of 2,2,4,4-tetraacylthietane 1-oxides, which had been prepared from dimedone-aldehyde derivatives with SCl2, followed by oxidation with peracid, was carried out to give the corresponding 1,1,2,2-tetraacylcylopropanes(4) or a mixture of 4 and the corresponding dihydrofuran derivative, depending on the C3 substituent on the 1-oxides and wavelength.
The σ-Bonded Palladium(II) Complexes of 4-Chromanone Oxime Derivatives
Authors: Izumi Taeko , Katou Takao , Kasahara Akira , Hanaya Kaoru
Published: July 2006

In the presence of sodium acetate, the reaction of 4-chromanone oxime with lithium tetrachloropalladate(II) affords an ortho-palladated binuclear complex. The reaction of the complex with carbon monoxide in methanol was also examined.
Electronic Spectra and Electronic Structures of a Series of Bisdehydroannulenes
Authors: Tanaka Jiro , Tanaka Masashi , Morita Masaharu , Nakagawa Masazumi , Iyoda Masahiko
Published: July 2006

Electronic absorption spectra of tetra-t-butylbisdehydro[14], [18], [22], [26], and [30]annulenes were investigated experimentally and theoretically. SCF MO calculations were carried out by the P-P-P method and random phase approximation (RPA). An assignment of spectra is presented. Fluorescence excitation polarization spectra of tetra-t-butylbisdehydro[14]annulene and the crystalline reflection spectra of tetra-t-butylbisdehydro[18]annulene were studied in order to determine the polarization of the spectra. The assignment was confirmed by these methods.
Solution Properties of Phycocyanin. V. Studies of the Self-association Reaction of Phycocyanin in a pH 5.4 Solution
Authors: Saito Takahide , Iso Naomichi , Mizuno Haruo , Kitamura Ichiro
Published: July 2006

The self-association of phycocyanin in a buffer solution of pH 5.4 with an ionic strength of 0.1 has been studied by sedimentation equilibrium measurements in the temperature range from 5.0 to 25.0 °C. The thermodynamical treatment is also presented. The self-association of phycocyanin molecules proceeds with a decrease in the temperature. The concentration dependence of the apparent weight-average molecular weight of phycocyanin is interpreted in terms of a monomer\ightleftharpoonshexamer equilibrium system. It is clear from the thermodynamic parameters, ΔG0, ΔH0, and ΔS0, that the self-association reaction is spontaneous in the solution of pH 5.4. In the association process, the formation of hydrophobic bonds is suggested by the large positive entropy change accompanying association reaction of phycocyanin molecules.
Studies on the Ammonium Form of Crystalline Zirconium Phosphate. III. Ammonium–Hydrogen Ion-exchange on α-Zirconium Phosphate Prepared by the Direct Precipitation Method
Authors: Hasegawa Yoshitsugu , Kuwayama Motomasa
Published: July 2006

The ammonium–hydrogen ion-exchange on α-zirconium phosphate prepared by the direct precipitation method has been investigated by means of pH titration and X-ray diffractometry. In the forward process (α-zirconium phosphate to the ammonium form) the ion-exchange reaction took place in one stage at the equilibrium pH of 5.9–6.0 and the α-zirconium phosphate exchanger was directly converted into the ammonium form. In the reverse process (the ammonium form to α-zirconium phosphate) the reaction proceeded in three stages, that is, the ammonium form→ a half-exchanged form→ an intermediate form→α-zirconium phosphate. The chemical composition of the half-exchanged form has been represented as Zr(NH4PO4)(HPO4)·nH2O (n>0.5). A small amount of ammonium ions in the exchanger could not be easily replaced with protons in the solution.
Photometric Determination of a Trace Amount of Nitrite by Its Kinetic Effect
Authors: Utsumi Satori , Okutani Tadao , Sakuragawa Akio , Kenmotsu Akira
Published: July 2006

A new photometric method has been developed for determining nitrite ions. This method is based on the kinetic effect of nitrite ions on the color-fading of the iron(III) thiocyanate complex in dilute nitric acid solution in the presence of iodide ions. The reaction is initiated by adding an ammonium iron(III) sulfate solution to the sample solution containing a mixture of potassium thiocyanate and potassium iodide at 25 °C. A concentration of nitrite ions, ranging from 0.0005 to 10 ppm can be determined by measuring the absorbance at 460 nm at a given time after the initiation using four appropriate calibration curves. Silver, mercury(II), iron(II), sulfide, sulfite, thiosulfate, chromate and cyanide ions in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1 ppm level interfered with the determination.
Circular Dichroism Spectra of Cobalt(III) Complexes of the [Co(O,O)2(N)2]−-Type
Authors: Muramoto Satoru , Kawase Kenji , Shibata Muraji
Published: July 2006

The [Co(O,O)2(N)2]−-type complexes, [Co(ox)(mal)(en)]−, cis-[Co(CO3)(mal)(NH3)2]−, cis-[Co(ox)(mal)(NH3)2]− and cis-[Co(mal)2(NH3)2]−, have been prepared and resolved. The CD spectra of various complexes of this type including these new complexes have been measured. The assignments of the absolute configurations have been carried out by means of the CD comparison. The CD patterns in the first absorption band region have revealed regular change with the varied O,O ligands (O,O=CO32−, ox2−, and mal2−), and from this fact a criterion for the assignments of the absolute configurations for the complexes of the present type has been established.
On the Behavior of Mercury in Some Polluted Seawater
Authors: Matsunaga Katsuhiko , Tsujioku Hiroaki , Fukasa Sigeru , Hasebe Kiyoshi
Published: July 2006

Most of the mercury in coastal seawater polluted with waste water including mainly organic suspended matter is associated with suspended matter, especially particulate organic matter. The amount of mercury adsorbed on a given amount of particulate organic matter nearly obeys Freundlich’s adsorption isotherm at mercury concentrations less than 15 ppm in particulate organic matter. The mercury in suspended matter is not much reduced by the addition of tin(II) chloride. Thus, to get the total value of the mercury concentration, the water samples must be heated with the addition of a sulfuric and nitric acid mixture to decompose the suspended matter.