bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of both Nyquist zone index and code rate for BPSK radar signal intercepted by Nyquist folding receiver
Authors: Qiu Zhaoyang , Wang Pei , Zhu Jun , Tang Bin
Published: August 2017

Nyquist folding receiver (NYFR) can realize the wideband receiving with a small amount of equipment. As a tradeoff between the amount of equipment and the complexity of the signal processing, the NYFR output is usually a hybrid modulated signal. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the parameter estimation method of the signal intercepted by the NYFR. Binary phase shift keying (BPSK) signal is a typical low probability of intercept radar signal and the authors focus on the parameter estimation of the BPSK radar signal intercepted by the NYFR. Firstly, matching component function is proposed to obtain Nyquist zone (NZ) index. Then, the Hankel‐singular value decomposition (SVD) method is introduced to estimate the code rate of the BPSK signal. The efficacy of the Hankel‐SVD method is proved in a mathematical way. Several numerical simulations demonstrate the merits of the proposed approach and finally, a brief investigation for case of the multiple BPSK signals intercepted by the NYFR is given. For NZ index estimation, the computational complexity of the matching component function is low and it has no need to use squaring process. In addition, the code rate estimation using the Hankel‐SVD method is more accurate compared with the wavelet transform.
Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation in a neutral BAM neural networks model with delays
Authors: Wang Runxia , Liu Haihong , Feng Fei , Yan Fang
Published: August 2017

In this study, the authors first discuss the existence of Bogdanov–Takens and triple zero singularity of a five neurons neutral bidirectional associative memory neural networks model with two delays. Then, by utilising the centre manifold reduction and choosing suitable bifurcation parameters, the second‐order and the third‐order normal forms of the Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation for the system are obtained. Finally, the obtained normal form and numerical simulations show some interesting phenomena such as the existence of a stable fixed point, a pair of stable non‐trivial equilibria, a stable limit cycles, heteroclinic orbits, homoclinic orbits, coexistence of two stable non‐trivial equilibria and a stable limit cycles in the neighbourhood of the Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation critical point.
Triflic Anhydride Promoted Intramolecular Cyclization of N-Aryl Cinnamides: Access to Polysubstituted Quinolin-2(1H)-ones
Authors: Zhang Rui , Dong Dewen , Zhang Qian , Yuan Jingwen , Yu Mangfei , Liang Yongjiu , Huang Peng
Published: August 2017

A facile and efficient synthesis of polysubstituted quinolin-2(1H)-ones is developed via intramolecular cyclization of readily available N-aryl cinnamides promoted by triflic anhydride in N,N-dimethyl trifluoroacetamide (DTA) under mild conditions.
Psychiatrische Notfälle im Notarzt- und Rettungsdienst in Ulm in den Jahren 2000 und 2010 und Konsequenzen für die Praxis
Authors: Schönfeldt-Lecuona Carlos , Gahr Maximilian , Schütz Stefan , Lang Dirk , Pajonk Frank , Connemann Bernhard , Muth Claus-Martin , Freudenmann Roland
Published: August 2017

Hintergrund Psychiatrische Notfälle (PN) im präklinischen Notarzt- und Rettungsdienst repräsentieren ca. 5 – 10 % aller Notfälle und führen oft zu Problemen bei den nichtpsychiatrischen Versorgern. Aus Deutschland gibt es nur wenige Studien, die Auskunft über quantitative und qualitative Änderungen von PN in der Präklinik geben.

Methoden Wir führten eine retrospektive Querschnittsuntersuchung zu PN im präklinischen Notarztdienst auf der Basis der Notarztprotokolle der Notarzteinsätze der Sektion Notfallmedizin der Universitätsklinik Ulm im Vergleich der Jahre 2000 und 2010 durch.

Ergebnisse Dabei zeigte sich ein signifikanter absoluter und relativer Zuwachs der PN von 8,8 % im Jahr 2000 (285 von 3227 Notfällen) auf 10,3 % im Jahr 2010 (454 von 4425). Intoxikationen waren in beiden Jahren der häufigste Anlass [2000: n = 116 (44,4 %); 2010: n = 171 (37,7 %)], gefolgt von suizidalen Verhaltensweisen [2000: n = 59 (22,6 %); 2010: n = 78 (17,2 %)] und der akuten Angst/Panikattacke [2000: n = 37 (13 %); 2010: n = 105 (23,1 %)]; diese 3 Entitäten zusammen begründeten ca. 80 % aller PN. Am häufigsten traten sie an den Wochenendtagen auf und meistens in den frühen und späten Abendstunden (zwischen 18 und 21 Uhr sowie zwischen 21 und 24 Uhr) in beiden Jahren. Patienten mit PN waren überwiegend Männer; der Frauenanteil stieg aber zwischen 2000 und 2010.

Diskussion/Schlussfolgerung Die Studie liefert erste Daten über aktuelle Entwicklungen von PN im präklinischen Notarztdienst in Deutschland und hat Implikationen für die Verbesserung der Versorgung.
Determining Bilateral Strength Imbalances in Youth Basketball Athletes
Authors: Thomas Christopher , Comfort Paul , Dos’Santos Thomas , Jones Paul
Published: August 2017

The aims of this study were: 1) to compare the strongest (D) and weakest (ND) limbs in determining muscle strength asymmetry (MSA) ratios among various muscle strength qualities and 2) to determine the relationships among various muscle strength qualities. 17 youth male basketball athletes (age=17.5±0.8 years; height=187.1±9.4 cm; body mass=81.4±10.1 kg) participated in this study. Knee flexor and extensor strength at 60°·s−1 was assessed for both limbs with the use of isokinetic dynamometry. Other tests involved single-leg hop (SLH), countermovement jump (CMJ) and isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP). Statistically significant differences (p<0.05; d=0.40-0.98) were found between D and ND limbs for all strength measures. Imbalance ratio of the IMTP was significantly related to those of SLH (r=0.75, p=0.01) whereas no significant relationships between D:ND ratios were found from all other tests. Percentage agreements of MSA ranged from 64.7–88.2% between muscle strength qualities. The findings provide support for the use of field tests to detect lower-limb strength imbalances. Future research should examine the effect of different asymmetry thresholds on percentage agreements to diagnose MSA and determine its relationship to athletic performance.
Cities as world-political actors? The “tax haven-free” cities initiative and the politics of public procurement
Authors: Ylönen Matti
Published: August 2017

In recent years, interest in the world-political role of cities has grown. The use of public procurement for promoting world-political goals has also gathered scholarly attention, as has the tax justice policy agenda. This article contributes to these discussions by demonstrating how global responsibility became part of the city of Helsinki’s policy alignments, which were then turned into several concrete initiatives. In particular, I focus on the contrast between the relative ease with which Helsinki became a “Fair Trade” city on the one hand and the difficulties it faced in its attempts to become a “Fair Tax” city on the other. I argue that that these initiatives illustrate how cities can utilize public procurement to promote world-political goals. I also show how the increasing complexity of the required procurement criteria can make the success contingent on help from “emergent entrepreneurs” of social movements. These developments highlight the contradictory and complex effects of the “economization” and “marketization” of the political sphere. While economization isolates many societal issues from political control, it can also allow for politicizing local and global issues in ways that were unthinkable. Finally, adding to the existing research on the world-political role of cities, I demonstrate that a city does not need to be a metropolis in order to act in world politics.
Digging for perfection: discourse of deformity in Richard III’s excavation
Authors: Kostihova Marcela
Published: August 2017

Shakespeare’s Richard III, the archetypal world-infamous villain, has long served as an informative case study for the tendency of humanity to categorize the non-normative and surprising as repulsive. This article considers the ways in which the public spectacle of excavation of Richard III’s skeleton in Leicester harnessed Shakespeare’s cultural capital to address contemporary anxieties with non-normative bodies. This article is published as part of a collection to commemorate the 400th anniversary of William Shakespeare’s death.
Communication: Development of standing evanescent-wave fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and its application to the lateral diffusion of lipids in a supported lipid bilayer
Authors: Otosu Takuhiro , Yamaguchi Shoichi
Published: August 2017

We present standing evanescent-wave fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (SEW-FCS). This technique utilizes the interference of two evanescent waves which generates a standing evanescent-wave. Fringe-pattern illumination created by a standing evanescent-wave enables us to measure the diffusion coefficients of molecules with a super-resolution corresponding to one fringe width. Because the fringe width can be reliably estimated by a simple procedure, utilization of fringes is beneficial to quantitatively analyze the slow diffusion of molecules in a supported lipid bilayer (SLB), a model biomembrane formed on a solid substrate, with the timescale relevant for reliable FCS analysis. Furthermore, comparison of the data between SEW-FCS and conventional total-internal reflection FCS, which can also be performed by the SEW-FCS instrument, effectively eliminates the artifact due to afterpulsing of the photodiode detector. The versatility of SEW-FCS is demonstrated by its application to various SLBs.
Scaling beta-delayed neutron measurements to large detector areas
Authors: Sutanto F. , Nattress J. , Jovanovic I.
Published: August 2017

We explore the performance of a cargo screening system that consists of two large-sized composite scintillation detectors and a high-energy neutron interrogation source by modeling and simulation. The goal of the system is to measure β-delayed neutron emission from an illicit special nuclear material by use of active interrogation. This task is challenging because the β-delayed neutron yield is small in comparison with the yield of the prompt fission secondary products, β-delayed neutrons are emitted with relatively low energies, and high neutron and gamma backgrounds are typically present. Detectors used to measure delayed neutron emission must exhibit high intrinsic efficiency and cover a large solid angle, which also makes them sensitive to background neutron radiation. We present a case study where we attempt to detect the presence of 5 kg-scale quantities of 235U in a standard air-filled cargo container using 14 MeV neutrons as a probe. We find that by using a total measurement time of ∼11.6 s and a dose equivalent of ∼1.7 mrem, the presence of 235U can be detected with false positive and false negative probabilities that are both no larger than 0.1%.
Quantum efficiency modeling for a thick back-illuminated astronomical CCD
Authors: Groom D. E. , Haque S. , Holland S. E. , Kolbe W. F.
Published: August 2017

The quantum efficiency and reflectivity of thick, back-illuminated CCD's being fabricated at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for astronomical applications are modeled and compared with experiments. The treatment differs from standard thin-film optics in that (a) absorption is permitted in any film, (b) the 200–500 μm thick silicon substrate is considered as a thin film in order to observe the fringing behavior at long wavelengths, and (c) by using approximate boundary conditions, absorption in the surface films is separated from absorption in the substrate. For quantum efficiency measurements, the CCD's are normally operated as CCD's, usually at T=−140 °C, and at higher temperatures, as photodiodes. They are mounted on mechanical substrates. Reflectivity is measured on air-backed wafer samples at room temperature. The agreement between model expectation and quantum efficiency measurement is in general satisfactory.
Molecular simulations of self-assembly processes in metal-organic frameworks: Model dependence
Authors: Biswal Debasmita , Kusalik Peter G.
Published: August 2017

Molecular simulation is a powerful tool for investigating microscopic behavior in various chemical systems, where the use of suitable models is critical to successfully reproduce the structural and dynamic properties of the real systems of interest. In this context, molecular dynamics simulation studies of self-assembly processes in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a well-known class of porous materials with interesting chemical and physical properties, are relatively challenging, where a reasonably accurate representation of metal-ligand interactions is anticipated to play an important role. In the current study, we both investigate the performance of some existing models and introduce and test new models to help explore the self-assembly in an archetypal Zn-carboxylate MOF system. To this end, the behavior of six different Zn-ion models, three solvent models, and two ligand models was examined and validated against key experimental structural parameters. To explore longer time scale ordering events during MOF self-assembly via explicit solvent simulations, it is necessary to identify a suitable combination of simplified model components representing metal ions, organic ligands, and solvent molecules. It was observed that an extended cationic dummy atom (ECDA) Zn-ion model combined with an all-atom carboxylate ligand model and a simple dipolar solvent model can reproduce characteristic experimental structures for the archetypal MOF system. The successful use of these models in extensive sets of molecular simulations, which provide key insights into the self-assembly mechanism of this archetypal MOF system occurring during the early stages of this process, has been very recently reported.
Characteristic features of the Shannon information entropy of dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates
Authors: Sriraman Thangarasu , Chakrabarti Barnali , Trombettoni Andrea , Muruganandam Paulsamy
Published: August 2017

Calculation of the Shannon information entropy (S) and its connection with the order-disorder transition and with inter-particle interaction provide a challenging research area in the field of quantum information. Experimental progress with cold trapped atoms has corroborated this interest. In the present work, S is calculated for the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with dominant dipolar interaction for different dipole strengths, trap aspect ratios, and number of particles (N). Trapped dipolar bosons in an anisotropic trap provide an example of a system where the effective interaction is strongly determined by the trap geometry. The main conclusion of the present calculation is that the anisotropic trap reduces the number of degrees of freedom, resulting in more ordered configurations. Landsberg’s order parameter exhibits quick saturation with the increase in scattering length in both prolate and oblate traps. We also define the threshold scattering length which makes the system completely disordered. Unlike non-dipolar BEC in a spherical trap, we do not find a universal linear relation between S and lnN, and we, therefore, introduce a general quintic polynomial fit rather well working for a wide range of particle numbers.
Effects of Karlovitz number on turbulent kinetic energy transport in turbulent lean premixed methane/air flames
Authors: Wang Zhiyan , Abraham John
Published: August 2017

Direct numerical simulations of lean methane/air flames are carried out to study the effects of premixed combustion on turbulence. The equivalence ratio of the flame is 0.5 and non-dimensional turbulence intensities (urms/SL) are between 2 and 25. The mixture pressure is 20 bars and temperature is 810 K to simulate approximate conditions in lean-burn natural gas engines. The Karlovitz number (Ka) varies from 1.1 to 49.4, and the Damköhler number (Da) varies from 0.26 to 3.2 corresponding to turbulent premixed combustion in the thin reaction zone (TRZ) regime. It is found that turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) and its dissipation rate decrease monotonically across the flame brush while the integral length scale increases monotonically for flames in the TRZ regime. The transport equation of TKE is then examined, and the scaling of the terms in the equation is discussed. It is found that the sink term which represents molecular diffusion and viscous dissipation is the dominant term in the TKE balance and it scales with the square of Ka. The relative importance of the other terms with respect to the dissipation term is studied. With increasing Ka, the other terms in the TKE balance become less important compared to the dissipation term.
Numerical study on the stick-slip motion of contact line moving on heterogeneous surfaces
Authors: Liu Ming , Chen Xiao-Peng
Published: August 2017

We present a numerical study of a moving contact line (CL) crossing the intersecting region of hydrophilic and hydrophobic patterns on a solid wall using lattice Boltzmann methods (LBMs). To capture the interface between the two phases properly, we applied a phase field model coupled with the LBM. The evolutions of the CL velocity, dynamic contact angle, and apparent contact angle are analyzed for the so-called “stick” and “slip” processes. In the two processes, the evolution of the quantities follows different rules shortly after the initial quick transition, which is probably caused by finite interfacial thickness or non-equilibrium effects. For the stick process, the CL is almost fixed and energy is extracted from the main flow to rebuild the meniscus’ profile. The evolution of the meniscus is mainly governed by mass conservation. The CL is depinned after the apparent contact angle surpasses the dynamic one, which implies that the interfacial segment in the vicinity of contact line is bended. For the slip process, the quantities evolve with features of relaxation. In the microscopic scale, the velocity of the CL depends on the balance between unbalanced Young’s capillary force and viscous drag. To predict the apparent contact angle evolution, a model following the dynamics of an overdamped spring-mass system is proposed. Our results also show that the capillary flows in a channel with heterogeneous wall can be described generally with the Poiseuille flow superimposed by the above transient one.
Nobel laureate brings in Brayton physics for inexpensive renewable energy storage
Authors: Blaustein Rich
Published: August 2017

Physicist produces detailed design based on well-known physics for breaking the cost impediment for renewable energy storage.
Existence and mass concentration of pseudo-relativistic Hartree equation
Authors: Yang Jianfu , Yang Jinge
Published: August 2017

In this paper, we investigate the constrained minimization problem e(a):=inf{u∈H,∥u∥22=1}Ea(u), where the energy functional Ea(u)=∫R3(u−Δ+m2 u + Vu2) dx − a2∫R3(|x|−1 * u2)u2 dx with m∈R, a>0, is defined on a Sobolev space H. We show that there exists a threshold a*>0 so that e(a) is achieved if 0<a<a* and has no minimizers if a≥a*. We also investigate the asymptotic behavior of non-negative minimizers of e(a) as a→a*.
The low-bias conducting mechanism of single-molecule junctions constructed with methylsulfide linker groups and gold electrodes
Authors: Wang Minglang , Wang Yongfeng , Sanvito Stefano , Hou Shimin
Published: August 2017

The atomic structure and electronic transport properties of two types of molecular junctions, in which a series of saturated and conjugated molecules are symmetrically connected to gold electrodes through methylsulfide groups, are investigated using the non-equilibrium Green’s function formalism combined with density functional theory. Our calculations show that the low-bias junction conductance is determined by the electronic tunneling between the two Au–S donor-acceptor bonds formed at the molecule-electrode interfaces. For alkanes with 4, 6, and 8 carbon atoms in the chain, the Au–S bonds moderately couple with the σ-type frontier molecular orbitals of the alkane backbone and thus prefer to be coplanar with the alkane backbone in the junction. This results in an exponential decrease of the junction conductance as a function of the number of methylene groups. In contrast, the Au–S bonds couple strongly with the π-type orbitals of the 1,4’-bis(methylsulfide)benzene and 4,4’-bis(methylsulfide)biphenyl molecules and thus tend to be perpendicular to the neighboring benzene rings, leading to the rather large junction conductance. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the low-bias conducting mechanism and facilitate the design of molecular electronic devices with methylsulfide groups and gold electrodes.
Active tuning of high-Q dielectric metasurfaces
Authors: Parry Matthew , Komar Andrei , Hopkins Ben , Campione Salvatore , Liu Sheng , Miroshnichenko Andrey E. , Nogan John , Sinclair Michael B. , Brener Igal , Neshev Dragomir N.
Published: August 2017

We demonstrate the active tuning of all-dielectric metasurfaces exhibiting high-quality factor (high-Q) resonances. The active control is provided by embedding the asymmetric silicon meta-atoms with liquid crystals, which allows the relative index of refraction to be controlled through heating. It is found that high quality factor resonances (Q = 270 ± 30) can be tuned over more than three resonance widths. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using all-dielectric metasurfaces to construct tunable narrow-band filters.
The gas supply reliability analysis of natural gas pipeline network based on simplified topological structure
Authors: Fan Mu-Wei , Gong Jing , Wu Yang , Kong Wen-Hui
Published: August 2017

Currently, as a universal clean energy, natural gas plays a greater role in industrial and civil energy consumption than it has previously. Any insufficient supply scenario has a severe impact due to the increasing use of power plants, chemical engineering, industrial production, and public sectors. It is essential to develop a methodology for analyzing gas supply insufficiencies that are caused by pipeline network malfunctions. This paper introduces a systematic method for evaluating the natural gas supply reliability based on the pipeline network. Primarily, the reliability of each unit in the pipeline network is derived from multi-variant distribution principles to initiate topological structure analysis carried out in the real pipeline network. Afterwards, the Monte Carlo simulation shows the random status of the topological network based on preconcerted failure distributions of facilities and pipes rather than estimating the reliability directly. Because the current transmission capacity is possibly excessive relative to the transmission task, both designed capacity and current supply capacity require stochastic simulations. After stochastic simulations of the market demand, a feasible random transmission requirement and a certain structure of the topological network are obtained from random simulations to calculate the total transmission capacity. Ultimately, according to the supply insufficiency level, there are deployable measures that could eliminate this influence.
Three-dimensional biomimetic vascular model reveals a RhoA, Rac1, and
N
-cadherin balance in mural cell–endothelial cell-regulated barrier function
Authors: Alimperti Stella , Mirabella Teodelinda , Bajaj Varnica , Polacheck William , Pirone Dana M. , Duffield Jeremy , Eyckmans Jeroen , Assoian Richard K. , Chen Christopher S.
Published: August 2017

Significance

Organ homeostasis requires integrity of blood vessels; alterations or disruption of the vascular barrier between blood and tissue contribute to numerous diseases. Endothelial cells and mural cells are two key cell types, which play significant roles for the maintenance of barrier function. Here, we present a 3D bicellular vascular model to mimic this barrier function and study the role of mural cells in vascular inflammation. Importantly, by using this 3D model we identified RhoA, Rac1, and
N
-cadherin as important regulators in mural–endothelial cell-mediated vascular barrier function. Given the recognized fundamental importance of this barrier in numerous disease settings, this in vitro microphysiological system presented herein could provide a tool for studying vascular barrier function in 3D microenvironments.
Polycomb-mediated chromatin loops revealed by a subkilobase-resolution chromatin interaction map
Authors: Eagen Kyle P. , Aiden Erez Lieberman , Kornberg Roger D.
Published: August 2017

Significance

Chromatin loops, detected by chemical cross-linking and DNA sequencing, are frequently bounded by the polycomb repressive complex 1 in
Drosophila
. The loops are associated with important developmental genes, often in a repressed state. These results are in contrast with previous studies on mammalian cells, in which chromatin loops are commonly bounded by CTCF protein, and with the generally accepted role of looping in gene activation.
Cavitation onset caused by acceleration
Authors: Pan Zhao , Kiyama Akihito , Tagawa Yoshiyuki , Daily David J. , Thomson Scott L. , Hurd Randy , Truscott Tadd T.
Published: August 2017

Significance

In this paper we propose an alternative derivation of the cavitation number and validate the threshold. The proposed dimensionless number is more suitable to predict the cavitation onset caused by a sudden acceleration rather than a large velocity as prescribed by the traditional cavitation number. Systematic experiments were conducted for validation, confirming that the alternative cavitation number predicts the threshold at which cavitation will occur (Ca<1).
Crossover from band-like to thermally activated charge transport in organic transistors due to strain-induced traps
Authors: Mei Yaochuan , Diemer Peter J. , Niazi Muhammad R. , Hallani Rawad K. , Jarolimek Karol , Day Cynthia S. , Risko Chad , Anthony John E. , Amassian Aram , Jurchescu Oana D.
Published: August 2017

Significance

The operation of organic field-effect transistors is governed by the processes taking place at the device interfaces. The mismatch in the coefficients of thermal expansion of the consecutive layers can induce inhomogeneous strain in the organic semiconductor layer and reduce performance by increasing the electronic trap density. We show that a high-quality organic semiconductor layer is necessary, but not sufficient, to obtain efficient charge-carrier transport, and we propose a device design strategy that allows us to achieve the intrinsic performance limits of a given organic semiconductor regardless of the relative thermal expansions of the constituent layers.
The internal syntax of Q-words
Authors: De Clercq Karen
Published: August 2017

This paper aims at describing Q(uantity)-words, i.e.many/muchandfew/little, from a typological perspective, and presenting typological generalisations based on it. The typological sample provides support for a mass-count and positive-negative dimension in the domain of Q-words. Both dimensions also intersect. Along the negative dimension, it seems that languages fall into two groups: those having an opaque strategy forfew/littleand those having only an analytic strategy (not-much/many). Four patterns can be discerned on the basis of the sample, which are each exemplified by means of one language, i.e. English, Dutch, Wolof and Western Armenian. In addition, I make an attempt at developing a nanosyntactic analysis of the data, which aims to show how language variation in the domain of Q-words can be accounted for in terms of varying the size of lexically stored trees (Starke 2014). Finally, I show how one missing type of pattern is underivable on the basis of the analysis proposed.
Afrikaans directionality switch in ‘triple’ V-clusters with the auxiliary het
Authors: van Kampen Jacqueline
Published: August 2017

The general perspective of the paper is that all (dis)harmonic branching orders within the West-Germanic V-clusters imply a different categorization by the acquisition procedure that should be independently motivated. More specific, the paper discusses the directionality switch with the temporal auxiliary het (‘have’) in Afrikaans. Afrikaans has a right-branching V-cluster 1-2-3. The directionality switches in subordinate clauses when V1 is the auxiliary het, which seemingly gives rise to the a-typical order 2-3-1 [[leer
2 swem
3] het
1]. V2 is in this case an IPP (Infinitivus-pro-participio) infinitive. I propose to derive the directionality switch as a matter of category assignment by an acquisition procedure that is unaware of underlying structure followed by movements. I argue that sentence-final het has been reanalyzed as a morphological suffix on the V3. This leads to a simplification of the apparent 2-3-1 V-cluster into a binary 1–2 V-cluster [leer
1 [swem het]2].
Proevenas an acquired taste
Authors: Poortvliet Marjolein
Published: August 2017

This paper demonstrates the diachronic development of the Dutch gustatory verbsproevenandsmakenand the semantic encroachment of the former on the meanings covered by the latter, and explains the current use ofproevenin constructions in whichsmakenis expected (i.e.De soep proeft lekker‘the soup tastes good’). This spread of the use ofproeven(and the consequential increasingly limited use ofsmaken) can be explained by metaphorization and is analyzed as the result of lexical paradigm levelling.1
Signs from Above: Towards a Comparative Symbology of Bird Imagery in Medieval Near Eastern Popular Prose
Authors: Schine Rachel
Published: August 2017

This article presents excerpts from two near-contemporary works of popular prose from the medieval Near East: the Persian Dārāb-nāmeh and the ArabicSīrat Banī Hilāl. In each, birds or birdlike characters (the sīmorgh and the crow, respectively) that share in having had theriomorphic, mythic significance in regional pre-Islamic traditions dispense premonitory wisdom to Muslim characters. Comparing these passages, the article contends that the characterization of these birds brokers a pietistic shift in symbolism between the pre-Islamic and Islamic context, while still maintaining the birds’ mystical significance and sustaining the trope of birds as winged, heaven-sent messengers. This modified association between birds and divine ministry is not only prominent in these two texts, but also in the Qurʾān and varied bestiaries, poetry, and belletristic works that comprise these texts’ cultural network.
Bottom-up peacekeeping in southern Kyrgyzstan: how local actors managed to prevent the spread of violence from Osh/Jalal-Abad to Aravan, June 2010
Authors: Khamidov Alisher , Megoran Nick , Heathershaw John
Published: August 2017

In the aftermath of the June 2010 violence in southern Kyrgyzstan, much scholarly attention has focused on its causes. However, observers have taken little notice of the fact that while such urban areas as Osh, Jalal-Abad, and Bazar-Korgon were caught up in violence, some towns in southern Kyrgyzstan that were close to the conflict sites and had considerable conflict potential had managed to avoid the violence. Thus, while the question, “What were the causes of the June 2010 violence?” is important, we have few answers to the question, “Why did the conflict break out in some places but not others with similar conflict potential?” Located in the theoretical literature on “the local turn” within peacekeeping studies, this article is based on extensive empirical fieldwork to explore the local and micro-level dimensions of peacekeeping. It seeks to understand why and how local leaders and residents in some places in southern Kyrgyzstan managed to prevent the deadly clashes associated with Osh, Jalal-Abad, and Bazar-Korgon. The main focus of the project is on Aravan, a town with a mixed ethnic population where residents managed to avert interethnic clashes during the June 2010 unrest. The answers to the question of why violencedid notoccur can yield important lessons for conflict management not only for southern Kyrgyzstan, but also for the entire Central Asian region.
Walker Connor (1926–2017): a tribute†
Authors: O'Leary Brendan
Published: August 2017

Walker Connor was born in 1926, and was contemporaneous with my own father, so not surprisingly he was a father figure to me. Unlike my own father Walker made it past 90. Those of us privileged to have been Walker's friend will miss his mischievous humor and twinkling eyes, and his fondness for combining rich conversation with craft beers. Indeed his son Dan told me Walker deliberately had a beer a couple of days before he died. All will be pleased to know that he remained possessed of his faculties and character to the end. He is survived by his two sons Peter and Dan Connor, and their partners; by his daughter, Professor Joan Connor of Athens, Ohio, who has inherited her parents’ writings skills; and by Joan's son, Nils Walker (Kerry) Wessell, who is with us today.
Walker Connor
Authors: Horowitz Donald L.
Published: August 2017

I met Walker Connor in 1972 at the Glazer and Moynihan conference on ethnicity held at the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Glazer and Moynihan 1975). We thought we would be intimidated by the company at the conference: Talcott Parsons, Daniel Bell, Andy Greeley, Orlando Patterson, Bill Petersen, and Lucian Pye – a good sample of the elders of social theory. By then Walker had published three articles in World Politics in five years – perhaps a record – including one containing his splendid deconstruction of the theories of Karl Deutsch. But I think we acquitted ourselves well enough – especially Walker did. He was the star of the show, with numerous observations on boiling or incipient conflicts across the globe that many of the elders did not know about (or did not know existed). Unfortunately, he did not submit an essay for the volume that came out of the conference (Glazer and Moynihan 1975).
Emotionalities of rule in pedagogical mindfulness literature
Authors: Saari Antti
Published: August 2017

Since the turn of the millennium, mindfulness discourses have penetrated various areas of governing health, well-being, and happiness. A recent sub-genre of popular mindfulness literature is teaching and parenting. This sub-genre includes technologies of the self that inculcate responsible, autonomous subjects who control their own emotions and are present, authentic, and available. The article uses the concept of the fold to analyze the way mindfulness discourses aid in constituting a notion of a private sphere of subjective autonomy in teaching and parenting while also demonstrating that subjectivity is an area of governmental intervention in neoliberal rule.
Sensitivity of Guadalupe Bass Swim-up Fry to Hyperoxia
Authors: Matthews Michael D , Prangnell David , Glenewinkel Hugh
Published: August 2017

Hatchery-reared fingerling Guadalupe Bass Micropterus treculii are stocked into central Texas rivers to restore threatened populations and combat hybridization with Smallmouth Bass M. dolomieu. Fry survival in hatchery rearing ponds has declined by more than 50% in recent years, and pilot investigations indicated that exposure to high dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations (>20 mg/L; hyperoxia) during tempering might have contributed to fry mortality. To test this hypothesis, Guadalupe Bass swim-up fry (11 d posthatch; 8.45 ± 0.25 mm TL [mean ± SD]) were exposed to normbaric DO concentrations ranging from 7.9 to 33.3 mg/L at 18°C, mimicking the hatchery tempering protocols followed during 2014 and 2015. After a 30-min exposure to the DO treatment (flow rate = 18 L/h), jars were flushed with nonoxygenated water for 1 min to rapidly lower the DO, mimicking the release of fry into ponds after tempering. Jars were then supplied with freshwater at a rate of 36 L/h and were monitored for 72 h. One control (A) was subjected to the same protocol but without oxygen supplementation; the other control (B) was not subjected to the 30-min exposure or flushing. Dead fry among treatments were recorded and removed every 24 h. Mortalities were observed within 6 h. Surviving fry were counted and measured after 72 h. Fry survival at 72 h was negatively correlated with increasing DO concentrations (Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient = –0.79) and declined significantly above 20 mg/L. Fry populations exposed to the highest oxygen concentration visually appeared more lethargic than fry in other treatments. The results of our study suggest that hyperoxia contributed to the low survival of fry in recent years. We recommend DO concentrations below 15 mg/L and avoiding DO levels above 20 mg/L (212% saturation at 18°C) when transporting and tempering Guadalupe Bass fry. We also recommend verifying the oxygen limits of other black bass Micropterus spp.
The onset of uncertainty facilitates the learning of new associations by increasing attention to cues
Authors: Easdale Lara C , Le Pelley Mike E , Beesley Tom
Published: August 2017

Past research in animals has suggested that attention is distributed to exploit known relationships between stimuli and explore stimuli whose consequences are uncertain. While there is strong support for exploitative attention and its effects on learning in humans, the evidence for exploratory attention is less well developed. Two experiments examined whether preferential allocation of attention (as measured by eye-gaze) to cues associated with uncertainty leads to more rapid learning of new associations involving these cues in the future. In each experiment, participants first learned about compounds containing one predictive cue and one nonpredictive cue. The level of uncertainty during this first stage of training was also manipulated: cue-outcome relationships were either deterministic (certain) or probabilistic (uncertain). In a second stage, new cue-outcome relationships were trained and the uncertainty of these relationships could be resolved by learning about the previously nonpredictive cues. As a result of the manipulation of uncertainty in the first stage, some participants experienced a sudden onset of uncertainty at the start of this second stage, while others experienced a stable level of uncertainty throughout the experiment. Experiment 1 showed that the former learned novel cue-outcome associations faster than participants for whom uncertainty was constant. Furthermore, participants experiencing unexpected uncertainty showed a greater increase in attention to cues in Stage 2. Extending the training stage in Experiment 2 resulted in a larger difference in rate of learning between conditions in stage 2. We argue that this represents evidence for an effect of exploratory attention on rate of learning in humans.
Reading comprehension and its relationship with working memory capacity when reading horizontally scrolling text
Authors: Harvey Hannah , Walker Robin
Published: August 2017

The horizontally scrolling format, where text is presented in a single line drifting right to left, is relatively commonly used to display text on digital screens. This format presents a potentially challenging reading situation as the text must be followed smoothly to the left (to track individual words) while rightward eye movements are made as usual to progress through the text. This conflict may reduce attention allocated to upcoming text. Returning to previously encountered text is also more difficult with this format. Here, a sustained reading comprehension task was used to compare performance with horizontally scrolling and multi-line static text formats. Results showed that literal comprehension can be reasonably well maintained with scrolling text, although small decrements are seen at faster scrolling rates. However, they indicated that this format makes it more difficult to answer questions requiring an inference to be made. The contribution of working memory capacity and the impact of display speed on these effects were considered. These findings have implications for the application of this format in digital media and also more widely for the conditions required for successful in-depth reading comprehension with any text format.
Genetic dissection of early endosomal recycling highlights a TORC1-independent role for Rag GTPases
Authors: MacDonald Chris , Piper Robert C.
Published: August 2017

Endocytosed cell surface membrane proteins rely on recycling pathways for their return to the plasma membrane. Although endosome-to-plasma membrane recycling is critical for many cellular processes, much of the required machinery is unknown. We discovered that yeast has a recycling route from endosomes to the cell surface that functions efficiently after inactivation of the sec7-1 allele of Sec7, which controls transit through the Golgi. A genetic screen based on an engineered synthetic reporter that exclusively follows this pathway revealed that recycling was subject to metabolic control through the Rag GTPases Gtr1 and Gtr2, which work downstream of the exchange factor Vam6. Gtr1 and Gtr2 control the recycling pathway independently of TORC1 regulation through the Gtr1 interactor Ltv1. We further show that the early-endosome recycling route and its control though the Vam6>Gtr1/Gtr2>Ltv1 pathway plays a physiological role in regulating the abundance of amino acid transporters at the cell surface.
Ubiquitin orchestrates proteasome dynamics between proliferation and quiescence in yeast
Authors: Gu Zhu Chao , Wu Edwin , Sailer Carolin , Jando Julia , Styles Erin , Eisenkolb Ina , Kuschel Maike , Bitschar Katharina , Wang Xiaorong , Huang Lan , Vissa Adriano , Yip Christopher M. , Yedidi Ravikiran S. , Friesen Helena , Enenkel Cordula
Published: August 2017

Proteasomes are essential for protein degradation in proliferating cells. Little is known about proteasome functions in quiescent cells. In nondividing yeast, a eukaryotic model of quiescence, proteasomes are depleted from the nucleus and accumulate in motile cytosolic granules termed proteasome storage granules (PSGs). PSGs enhance resistance to genotoxic stress and confer fitness during aging. Upon exit from quiescence PSGs dissolve, and proteasomes are rapidly delivered into the nucleus. To identify key players in PSG organization, we performed high-throughput imaging of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled proteasomes in the yeast null-mutant collection. Mutants with reduced levels of ubiquitin are impaired in PSG formation. Colocalization studies of PSGs with proteins of the yeast GFP collection, mass spectrometry, and direct stochastic optical reconstitution microscopy of cross-linked PSGs revealed that PSGs are densely packed with proteasomes and contain ubiquitin but no polyubiquitin chains. Our results provide insight into proteasome dynamics between proliferating and quiescent yeast in response to cellular requirements for ubiquitin-dependent degradation.
MFIB: a repository of protein complexes with mutual folding induced by binding
Authors: Fichó Erzsébet , Reményi István , Simon István , Mészáros Bálint
Published: August 2017

Motivation

It is commonplace that intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are involved in crucial interactions in the living cell. However, the study of protein complexes formed exclusively by IDPs is hindered by the lack of data and such analyses remain sporadic. Systematic studies benefited other types of protein–protein interactions paving a way from basic science to therapeutics; yet these efforts require reliable datasets that are currently lacking for synergistically folding complexes of IDPs.

Results

Here we present the Mutual Folding Induced by Binding (MFIB) database, the first systematic collection of complexes formed exclusively by IDPs. MFIB contains an order of magnitude more data than any dataset used in corresponding studies and offers a wide coverage of known IDP complexes in terms of flexibility, oligomeric composition and protein function from all domains of life. The included complexes are grouped using a hierarchical classification and are complemented with structural and functional annotations. MFIB is backed by a firm development team and infrastructure, and together with possible future community collaboration it will provide the cornerstone for structural and functional studies of IDP complexes.

Availability and implementation

MFIB is freely accessible at http://mfib.enzim.ttk.mta.hu/. The MFIB application is hosted by Apache web server and was implemented in PHP. To enrich querying features and to enhance backend performance a MySQL database was also created.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Cardiac effects of SGLT2 inhibitors: the sodium hypothesis
Authors: Bertero Edoardo , Prates Roma Leticia , Ameri Pietro , Maack Christoph
Published: August 2017

The effects of intense glycaemic control on macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes are incompletely resolved, and many glucose-lowering medications negatively affect cardiovascular outcomes. Recently, the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial revealed that empagliflozin, an inhibitor of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), substantially reduced the risk of hospitalization for heart failure, death from cardiovascular causes, and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at high cardiovascular risk. Although several mechanisms may explain this benefit, plasma volume contraction and a metabolic switch favouring cardiac ketone bodies oxidation have recently been proposed as the major drivers. Recent experimental work has prompted a novel and intriguing hypothesis, according to which empagliflozin may reduce intracellular sodium (Na+) load observed in failing cardiac myocytes by inhibiting the sarcolemmal Na+/H+ exchanger. Since elevated intracellular Na+ hampers mitochondrial Ca2+ handling and thereby, deteriorates energy supply and demand matching and the mitochondrial antioxidative defence systems, empagliflozin may positively affect cardiac function by restoring mitochondrial function, and redox state in the failing heart. Here, we review the current evidence for such a third mechanistic hypothesis, which may foster heart failure and diabetes research into a new direction which harbours several potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Antibody therapy for the management of severe asthma with eosinophilic inflammation
Authors: Ohta Ken , Nagase Hiroyuki , Suzukawa Maho , Ohta Shin
Published: August 2017

One of the characteristic features of asthma is chronic airway inflammation typically with eosinophil infiltration. Most asthmatics can be treated successfully with conventional treatment appropriate for their severity, but in some severe cases, asthma cannot be well controlled even with thorough treatment and this condition is known as ‘refractory asthma’. To overcome severe refractory asthma, a new therapeutic strategy with biologics has been developed based on the knowledge of molecular mechanisms of airway inflammation in asthma, induced by the condition of high Th2-type responses and activation of eosinophils as well as allergic reactions. Humanized anti-human IgE antibody (anti-IgE; omalizumab) was the first biological preparation approved for treating asthma. Based on clinical evidence, treatment with anti-IgE (anti-IgE therapy) has been accepted as a new therapeutic approach for severe allergic asthma in adults since 2009 and in children since 2012 and has been shown to have ~60% efficacy. More recently, a humanized anti-IL-5 antibody (anti-IL-5; mepolizumab) was launched in June 2016 and has attracted great interest due to its potential effects. Several clinical studies are also ongoing to evaluate the biological preparations targeting IL-5 receptor α (IL-5Rα), IL-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα), which is shared by IL-4 and IL-13, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and IL-33. The new strategy with biologics targeting eosinophilic airway inflammation might open a new array for us to overcome severe refractory asthma in the future.