bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pembuatan Keripik Dari Pelepah Pisang Kepok (Kajian Konsentrasi Kapur Sirih dan Lama Perendaman)
Authors: Nopriyanti Marisa , Arahman Emy , Adimarta Trian , Doni Idola Antonius
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil analisis kimia (uji kadar air dan kadar abu) dan uji organoleptik (uji hedonik dan uji ranking) keripik dari pelepah pisang kepok.
Metode pembuatan keripik pelepah pisang kepok yaitu pencucian, pengirisan, perendaman, penggorengan dan pengemasan dengan perbandingan pengaruh konsentrasi kapur sirih (5%, 7,5%, dan 10%) dan lama perendaman (48 jam, 36 jam, dan 24 jam) terhadap hasil analisis kimia dan analisis fisik keripik pelepah pisang kepok.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa uji kimia kadar air pada perlakuan 1 dengan konsentrasi kapur sirih 5% dan lama perendaman 48 jam yaitu 5,6523%. Hasil analisis kadar air pada perlakuan 2 dan 3 dengan konsentrasi kapur sirih (7,5% dan 10%) dan lama perendaman (36 jam dan 24 jam) yaitu 9,9923 dan 8,1286. Hasil uji kadar abu dengan konsentrasi kapur sirih (5%, 7,5% dan 10%) dan lama perendaman (48 jam, 36 jam dan 24 jam) dihasilkan kadar abu yaitu 1,0196%, 0,8645% dan 1,4898% sudah memenuhi SNI kadar abu Keripik Pisang. Hasil analisis fisik uji organoleptik (Uji Hedonik) parameter rasa sangat berbeda nyata pada taraf 0,5% dan 0,1% sehingga perlu dilakukan uji lanjut duncan. Hasil uji organoleptik (Uji Ranking) parameter warna dan tekstur yang dihasilkan tidak berbeda nyata pada taraf 0,5% dan 0,1%.
Circular Economy in Morocco: Status and Perspectives and Policy Implications for Vietnam
Authors: Van Truong Hoang Thuy
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the current status of the circular economy (CE) in Morocco, its potential future directions, and policy implications for Vietnam. The concept of CE, which promotes sustainable resource use, waste reduction, and regeneration, is increasingly gaining global traction. Morocco, having made significant progress in sectors such as waste management, agriculture, renewable energy, and water resource management, serves as a valuable case study. Key initiatives like the National Solid Waste Management Program (PNDM) and the "Green Morocco Plan" highlight Morocco’s successful integration of CE principles. Despite challenges such as financial constraints and low public awareness, Morocco's transition to a circular economy presents numerous opportunities, including job creation and innovation. For Vietnam, which faces growing environmental and resource pressures, Morocco’s experience offers critical insights. By adopting CE principles in waste management, agriculture, renewable energy, and water management, Vietnam can move toward more sustainable development. The paper suggests specific policy recommendations, including fostering public-private partnerships, enhancing regulatory frameworks, and promoting green financing. The lessons drawn from Morocco’s journey can help Vietnam align its growth with environmental sustainability, positioning both countries as leaders in the global shift towards a circular economy.
A Unique Positioning of Saphenofemoral Junction: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Fahmi H. Kakamad  , Hawkar A. Nasralla  , Dana H. Mohammed-Saeed  , Farman J. Ahmed  , Ayoob A. Mohammed  , Ali H. Hasan  , Nasren Sharef Sabr  , Shvan H. Mohammed  , Rezheen J. Rashid  , Sharaza Qadir Omer
Published: October 2024

Introduction
The saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) serves as a proximal link joining the superficial and deep veins in the lower limbs. Its anatomical position is typically 2.5 cm inferior and 4 cm lateral to the pubic tubercle. This study reports an exceptional case wherein the SFJ was found in the lower thigh.
Case presentation
A 24-year-old male presented with left leg pain and swelling for five years duration. Clinically, the left lower limb showed noticeable varicose veins. The duplex ultrasound showed several enlarged varicose veins, primarily around the knee. However, the SFJ was observed roughly 15 cm below the pubic tubercle, with a reflux lasting more than four seconds. The patient declined all therapy modalities, and regrettably, he was lost to further follow-up.
Literature review
No prior reports were found in the literature describing such an abnormal positioning of the SFJ approximately 15 cm below the pubic tubercle.
Conclusion
In conclusion, while the lower limb veins have various anatomical variations, locating the SFJ in the mid-third of the thigh is rare and has not been documented in the literature.
Gastric Mucormycosis: A Systematic Review with Metadata
Authors: Ayman M. Mustafa  , Diyar A. Omar  , Khanda A. Anwar  , Rawa M. Ali  , Dilan S. Hiwa  , Deari A. Ismaeil  , Karzan M. Hasan  , Karokh F. Hama Hussein  , Dana T. Gharib  , Hoshmand R. Asaad  , Ali H. Hasan  , Yousif M. Mahmood  , Mohammed Q. Mustafa
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Gastric mucormycosis is a highly lethal condition with nonspecific signs that have become increasingly underrecognized in the last decade. The current study aims to systematically review gastric mucormycosis, highlighting its presenting symptoms, risk factors, various management approaches, and their outcomes.
Methods
Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were systematically searched for papers on gastric mucormycosis published up to June 1, 2024. The current study included papers documenting cases of gastric mucormycosis across all ages and genders, detailing diagnostic modalities and management approaches.
Results
A total of 106 studies were selected, including 115 patients, of whom 80 (69.4%) were male. The average age of the patients was 47.91 ± 17.01 years. The main presenting symptom was abdominal pain in 58 (50.4%) patients, followed by vomiting, fever, and melaena in 28 (24.3%), 25 (21.7%), and 18 (15.6%) patients, respectively. No identifiable risk factor was present in 33 (28.7%) patients. However, a history of organ transplantation, diabetes mellitus, or hematologic malignancy was reported in 26 (22.6%), 25 (21.7%), and 10 (8.7%) patients, respectively. The conservative management approach exhibited the highest survival rate among the various strategies, with 39 (66.1%) patients surviving, which was statistically significant (P-value <0.001).
Conclusion
Conservative management demonstrates higher survival rates than combined surgical and conservative approaches. However, this finding could be attributed to a more extensive disease in those requiring surgery. Therefore, an individualized assessment of each patient should be made on a case-by-case basis.
The role of ambiance and service in culinary tourism: A case study at D’Warung
Authors: Sukartini Ni Wayan , Kanca I Nyoman , Budiarta I Putu , Sumawidari Ida Ayu Ketut
Published: October 2024

This study examines the culinary and dining experience at D’Warung, a popular restaurant known for its diverse menu and cozy atmosphere. The primary objective is to analyze the restaurant's appeal, focusing on its food offerings, ambiance, and customer service. Data collection was conducted through observation and interviews with staff and customers, assessing factors such as the quality of the food, the level of crowd, and the friendliness of the service. The results reveal that D’Warung  stands out for its comfortable atmosphere, friendly staff, and a varied menu that includes both local and western dishes. The analysis highlights these factors as key contributors to the restaurant’s success. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the importance of creating a welcoming environment and providing excellent service in shaping a memorable dining experience.
Model of Interest in Buying Fashion Products on Tiktok Shop Which is Influenced by Influencer Marketing and Price Perception
Authors: Karina Dewi Pertiwi  , Dini Andriyani  , Adi Setiawan  , Tiara Muthiarsih
Published: October 2024

In the rapidly developing digital era, competition between companies in the e-commerce sector is increasingly competitive. Social media is a supporting tool for consumers in sharing text, video, image and audio information, and currently technology is developing more quickly, because of the large number of internet users, therefore all activities can be done online, one of which is online shopping. one example is TikTok Shop. TikTok Shop is a social commerce feature that advertises and sells their products via TikTok. This shopping feature is present on TikTok as a response to increasing sales of various products after brands carried out promotions via social media platforms. Influencers are netizen actors who have social media accounts and continue to spread messages or campaign content to other netizens to strengthen the message or content. Influencer marketing is a marketing strategy in product sales by promoting a product by someone who is considered to have influence. Price is one component of a company's marketing strategy, with the aim of providing added value to consumers so that they continue to consume the products and services being sold. Consumers will tend to prefer a more affordable price to obtain an item. Consumers tend to prefer more affordable prices to get the goods they want. The aim of this research is to determine the formation of the Purchase Interest model which is influenced by Influencer Marketing and Price Perception. This research uses a side purposive method which involves selecting samples from the population studied based on certain criteria. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis was used to analyze the data. The results of the validity test output show that this research data is declared valid and the construct reliability test shows that each variable in this research is declared consistent. The statistical assumption test shows that it has a positive and significant effect on influencer marketing which can provide a stimulus to prices and purchasing interest which encourages customers to make purchases. The path analysis model fit test shows the similarity of several samples which can substitute for the population as a whole
AI for Digital Marketing
Authors: Muhammad Edrick Abhiseka  , Riyandi  , Yongki Alex  , Riza Ardy Saputra  , Adi Setiawan
Published: October 2024

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has revolutionized the digital marketing landscape, enabling marketers to improve efficiency, personalization and strategic decision making. This research aims to map research trends related to the application of AI in digital marketing through bibliographic analysis. Qualitative research methods with a historical approach are used to collect and analyze scientific articles from leading international journals. Bibliometric analysis was performed with VOSviewer software to visualize patterns and clusters of key terms. Results show a significant increase in the number of publications related to AI in digital marketing, with a focus on topics such as marketing strategy, customer experience, social media, e-commerce and industrial marketing. The visualization reveals the interrelationships and groupings of various terms, providing insight into the current research landscape. This study contributes to the understanding of trends, opportunities and challenges in integrating AI into digital marketing practices. These findings are useful for researchers and practitioners to identify future research directions and develop effective marketing strategies by leveraging AI. However, further research is needed to explore the ethical implications, data security and other aspects regarding the application of AI in the context of digital marketing
The Influence of E-Service Quality and Service Features on Customer Trust in Gojek Application Users
Authors: Fazri Wima Maulana  , Kartika Puspitasari Arrochimmi  , Kiki Dianti  , N Nurkomalasari  , Adi Setiawan
Published: October 2024

This research was conducted to analyze the influence of E-Service Quality and Service Features on Customer Trust among Gojek application users. The data in this research was collected through distributing questionnaires and analyzed using quantitative analysis. The population taken was students at Swadaya Gunung Jati University with a sample of level 4 students. The sample taken was 208 respondents using a non-probability sampling technique, namely purposive sampling. In this study, the data was processed using SPSS version 25 with cross descriptive model analysis (Crosstab), as well as the relationship between the respondent's character and the question variables. And to test the data using validity and reliability tests. The research results show that E-Service Quality has a significant influence on Customer Trust, Service Features have a significant influence on Customer Trust, and the two variables between E-Service Quality and Service Features both have a significant influence on Customer Trust
The Influencing Factors of Knowledge Hiding Among Employees in the Construction Industry: A Psychological Contract Perspective
Authors: Wei Lai  , Shengxiang She , Chugong Zhang
Published: October 2024

This study explores the factors influencing employee knowledge hiding in construction industry organizations. Utilizing quantitative methods, the research examines the impact of demographic factors, including gender, age, educational level, marital status, and duration of service, as well as psychological contract breaches on employee knowledge hiding. An independent samples t-test and multiple comparisons using the least significant difference (LSD) test were conducted to analyze the demographic factors. At the same time, a simple linear regression analysis was employed to assess the relationship between psychological contract breach and knowledge hiding. The results indicate that demographic factors significantly affect employee knowledge hiding, with females, older employees, those with lower educational levels, divorced or widowed individuals, and employees with longer service durations tending to hide knowledge more frequently. Furthermore, psychological contract breach is found to have a strong and positive relationship with employee knowledge hiding, suggesting that employees are more likely to engage in knowledge-hiding behaviors when they perceive a violation of their psychological contract. The findings have important managerial implications, emphasizing the need for tailored strategies to address knowledge hiding among different employee groups and maintaining a strong psychological contract with employees to foster a culture of knowledge sharing and innovation
Contextualism as a Solution to the Gettier Problem: Revisiting the Definition and Justification of Knowledge
Authors:   Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China., Lee Seoyeon
Published: October 2024

The Gettier problem has significantly reshaped the discourse on the nature of knowledge, challenging the traditional definition of knowledge as Justified True Belief (JTB). This paper explores the philosophical implications of the Gettier problem and its impact on epistemology, focusing on two major responses: internalism and contextualism. Internalism emphasizes the cognitive subject's internal states as the basis for knowledge justification, while contextualism introduces variability in knowledge standards based on conversational and situational contexts. The strengths and limitations of each approach are critically analyzed, with internalism offering clear criteria for justification but struggling with external factors, and contextualism providing flexibility in knowledge attribution while risking subjectivity. The paper also examines how contextualism addresses philosophical skepticism and the Gettier problem by adjusting the criteria for knowledge depending on the context. Ultimately, this manuscript argues that while both internalism and contextualism have contributed to a deeper understanding of knowledge, further refinement of these theories is necessary to address their limitations, particularly regarding objectivity and skepticism.
Kant’s “Categories of Freedom” as the Functions of Willing an Object
Authors: Zimmermann Stephan
Published: October 2024

This paper deals with the “Table of the Categories of Freedom” in the second main chapter of Kant’s Critique of Practical Reason. It provides an account of the role these categories are supposed to play and also of their conceptual content. The key to a proper understanding lies in the realisation that they are derived from the so­called table of judgements in the Critique of Pure Reason and the functions of thinking, which it compiles by means of a metaphysical deduction. I therefore interpret the categories of freedom consistently from the table of judgements and reconstruct their conceptual content from the functions of thinking underlying each category. Furthermore, Kant justifies by means of a transcendental deduction the fact that the categories of freedom necessarily relate to all objects of the will. I argue that the categories are concepts constitutive for the object of the will: the role they play is that of the functions of willing an object. Finally, I show that the categories of freedom reach beyond Kant’s foundation of moral philosophy. They point to the later Metaphysics of Morals in that Kant associates an ambitious system­building claim with them. The idea is therefore that the table of the categories organises the system of moral philosophy.
Nikolay Fyodorov’s Attempt to Link Aristotelian and Kantian Natural Teleology to the Project of Nature Regulation
Authors: Martynova Svetlana A.
Published: October 2024

The key thesis of natural teleology is that the products of nature should be judged by the goal of their existence or they should be explained as if such a goal existed. The prevailing view in the literature is that there are two main stages in the development of teleology in the framework of philosophical knowledge: the classicaland the non­classical. The isolation of these stages is based on the conviction that at a certain period of time finalism is supplanted by the notion of the goal engendered by the developing whole. I submit that we can talk about non­classical teleology in yet another sense.The interest of Aristotle and Kant in the foundations that warrant the existence of purpose of the products of nature is replaced by the attention to the fact that what exists in nature is not sufficiently purposive. The change of perspective is accompanied by a revision of the notions of what exactly purposiveness is, as well as by calls for practical activity in the course of which nature should be the subject of some tweaking. To bolster this hypothesis I turn to the teaching of Nikolay Fyodorov, the father of Russian cosmism, who puts the emergenceof teleological thought in the context of the project of nature regulation. I focus on three of the philosopher’s assertions which show that he departs from the canon of classical teleology to determine a new context of development of teleological thought. First, Fyodorov points to the destructive processes in the organism, namely towards disease and death, which make it impossibleto consider the organism to be purposive. Second, the founder of Russian cosmism understands reason as the instrument that is capable of ridding nature of destructiveness. Thirdly and finally, the Russian philosopher maintains that an indispensable condition of human virtue and the attainment of happiness is the regulation of nature by the human being through prescribing for it an external goal as its own.
Improving emergency and disaster response management through bidirectional communication between citizens and decision-makers – A field test on the coordination of spontaneous volunteers
Authors: Holzhüter Michael , Betke Hans , Fröhlich Alina , Klafft Michael
Published: October 2024

Cooperation between different stakeholders plays an important role in managing crises and disasters. The software tools used must also support cooperation and the mutual exchange of information. The bidirectional exchange of information between the population and official agencies poses a particular challenge. In this paper, we present a software demonstrator for the coordination of spontaneous volunteers and its evaluation as part of an overarching research project to gain design knowledge for the development of interconnected systems in disaster management. We describe how the system demonstrator was instantiated on the basis of our existing design knowledge from technical requirements and reference architecture and show the respective interfaces for the stakeholders involved. As the main contribution of the paper, we describe the implementation of a field test to evaluate the demonstrator and present the results in terms of usability and perceived usefulness, which we obtained using a methodologically sound questionnaire.
Designing Information Flow with Diverse Community Health Workers to Improve Public Health Situational Awareness During COVID-19
Authors: Okusanya Temitayo R. , Gresser Jane , Stevenson Michael , Kumar Ajay , Haque Md Romael , Franco Zeno
Published: October 2024

Community health workers (CHWs) play a vital role in connecting communities, healthcare systems, and crisis response authorities. During a public health crisis, minority populations face increased disease and economic burdens, making adherence to health guidelines challenging. Despite numerous efforts to mitigate these impacts, the effectiveness is greatly compromised by communication gaps between communities and health authorities. Our study strategically employs the collaboration of CHWs and simple technology (Zoho Forms) to bridge gaps and enhance information flow between diverse hard-to-reach communities and public health authorities. We emphasize the unique contributions of CHWs to disaster response and the benefits of equipping CHWs with simple technology for effective communication during a public health crisis. Our work improved COVID-19 guidelines adherence, reducing infection spread while addressing critical mental health and resource needs within the communities served.
A comprehensive of Age-Related Differences in Glycemic Control and Complications in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors:   School of Natural and Applied Sciences Kampala International University Uganda, Mugo Moses H.
Published: October 2024

Type 2 diabetes was a chronic condition that increasingly affected individuals across the age spectrum, with significant implications for glycemic control and the development of complications. This review comprehensively examined age-related differences in glycemic control and the incidence of diabetes-related complications, highlighting the contrasting experiences of younger and older patients. This review paper utilized a systematic literature search across multiple databases to gather and analyze studies assessing the impact of age on glycemic control and complications in type 2 diabetes. Evidence suggested that younger individuals often exhibit poorer glycemic control, characterized by higher HbA1c levels and increased cardiovascular risk factors, compared to older adults who may achieve better glycemic management despite a higher prevalence of complications. The underlying mechanisms for these differences were explored, including variations in disease pathophysiology, treatment responses, and lifestyle factors. Understanding these age-related disparities was crucial for tailoring diabetes management strategies to optimize outcomes across different age groups. Keywords: Glycemic control. Type 2 diabetes, Microvascular and macrovascular complications, Complications in older adults, Cardiovascular risk factors.
The Impact of Co-morbidities on Quality of Life in Diabetic Patients
Authors:   School of Natural and Applied Sciences Kampala International University Uganda, Ngugi Mwaura J.
Published: October 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that significantly affects individuals’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The presence of comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy further complicates the lives of diabetic patients, contributing to physical, emotional, and social burdens. Cardiovascular diseases, often resulting from prolonged hyperglycemia, significantly increase mortality and reduce physical functioning. Diabetic nephropathy, a major cause of chronic kidney disease, leads to progressive kidney damage, requiring complex management. Neuropathy and retinopathy, both of which result from long-term uncontrolled blood sugar, cause pain, disability, and vision impairment, further diminishing HRQoL. Moreover, mental health disorders like depression and anxiety are common among diabetic patients, creating a cycle of poor glycemic control and psychological distress. These comorbidities not only exacerbate the direct impact of diabetes on physical health but also affect mental and social well-being. Addressing both diabetes and its associated comorbidities through comprehensive care, psychosocial support, and lifestyle interventions is crucial for improving the overall quality of life in diabetic patients. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Comorbidities, Quality of life, Diabetic Patients
Modernizing Land Survey Techniques in East Africa: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors:   Faculty of Science and Technology Kampala International University Uganda, Kato Jumba K.
Published: October 2024

As East Africa undergoes rapid urbanization and economic growth, the need for modernized land survey techniques has become critical. Traditional methods are insufficient for keeping up with the evolving landscape. This article explores the adoption of advanced technologies such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing, and drone technology in land surveying. These innovations promise enhanced accuracy, efficiency, and comprehensive data collection, benefiting urban planning, infrastructure development, and environmental management. However, the transition is challenged by infrastructural deficits, high costs, limited technical expertise, and outdated regulatory frameworks. This article discusses the current technological advancements, challenges, and opportunities for improvement, emphasizing the need for investments in infrastructure, public-private partnerships, capacity building, and regulatory reforms. Vital information were sorted from recent related published database and utilised in writing this paper. Modernizing land survey techniques in East Africa holds significant potential to support sustainable development and effective land management practices. Keywords: Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Remote Sensing, Drone Technology, Land Survey Modernization, East Africa Development
Lifestyle Interventions for Managing Diabetes and Hypertension: A Holistic Approach
Authors:   Faculty of Science and Technology Kampala International University Uganda, Kibibi Muthoni L.
Published: October 2024

Diabetes and hypertension were two of the most prevalent chronic conditions globally, often occurring together and significantly increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. While traditional management strategies have focused on pharmacological treatments, there was a growing recognition of the need for lifestyle interventions to address the underlying risk factors such as obesity, physical inactivity, and poor diet. This review explored the scientific basis for lifestyle interventions including dietary modifications, physical activity, stress management, and behavioral changes in managing diabetes and hypertension. Evidence from landmark clinical studies demonstrated the effectiveness of these interventions in improving blood glucose control and reducing blood pressure, often rivaling or complementing medication. The integration of lifestyle interventions into clinical practice, however, presented challenges such as time constraints, patient adherence, and healthcare system limitations. Despite these challenges, opportunities existed to enhance patient outcomes through personalized care, technological advancements, and public health initiatives. The methodology utilized in this review involved a comprehensive analysis of current literature, synthesizing evidence from clinical studies and expert guidelines to provide a holistic approach to managing these chronic conditions. By embedding lifestyle interventions into standard care, healthcare providers can offer a more effective, sustainable, and patient-centered path to better health. Keywords: Diabetes Management, Hypertension, Lifestyle Interventions, Cardiovascular Health, Patient-Centered Care.
Pharmacological Treatments for Erectile Dysfunction in Diabetic Patients: Efficacy, Safety, and Emerging Therapies
Authors:   School of Natural and Applied Sciences Kampala International University Uganda, Mwende Wairimu G.
Published: October 2024

Men with diabetes mellitus, particularly those with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), are known to experience erectile dysfunction (ED), a condition whose prevalence has risen to 75% in recent years. The pathophysiology of ED in diabetic patients involves vascular impairment, neuropathy, hormonal dysregulation, and chronic hyperglycemia, all of which contribute to endothelial dysfunction, reduced nitric oxide availability, and nerve damage. Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, such as sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil, are the first-line pharmacological treatments for ED, though their efficacy is reduced in diabetic patients due to the extent of vascular and neurological damage. Other treatments, including testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), intracavernosal injections, and vacuum erection devices (VEDs), provide alternatives for patients unresponsive to PDE5 inhibitors. Emerging therapies such as low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (LI-ESWT) and regenerative medicine approaches, including stem cell and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections, show potential in improving erectile function in diabetic patients. Glycemic control plays a critical role in both preventing ED and enhancing the efficacy of treatments by improving vascular function and reversing nerve damage. This review was conducted through an extensive analysis of current literature on pharmacological and emerging treatments for ED in diabetic patients. In conclusion, integrating traditional pharmacotherapy with emerging treatments and emphasizing glycemic control holds promise for optimizing ED management in diabetic patients. Keywords: Erectile Dysfunction (ED), Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), Phosphodiesterase Type 5 (PDE5) Inhibitors, Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT), Glycemic Control
Prevalence and Mortality of Malaria among Children under Five in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review
Authors:   School of Natural and Applied Sciences Kampala International University Uganda, Wambui Kibibi J.
Published: October 2024

Malaria had been a significant public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly affecting children under five years of age, who accounted for over two-thirds of all malaria-related deaths globally. This review examined the prevalence and mortality rates of malaria among this vulnerable population, highlighting key determinants such as socioeconomic status, maternal education, environmental conditions, and access to healthcare. Recent data indicated that approximately 24.2% of children under five in the region are affected by malaria, with socioeconomic disparities exacerbating the risk. The review also discussed the effectiveness of various preventive interventions, including insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), indoor residual spraying (IRS), and seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC), emphasizing the need for multifaceted approaches that address both biological and social determinants of health. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to synthesize current research findings and provide insights into the challenges and opportunities for reducing malaria incidence and mortality in this demographic. Ultimately, addressing the complex interplay of risk factors is essential for developing targeted strategies to mitigate the impact of malaria on young children in sub-Saharan Africa. Keywords: Malaria, Children under five, Prevalence, Mortality, Sub-Saharan Africa.
Comparative Study of the Proximate Composition and Sensory Evaluation of Fresh and Smoke-dried Fish Species from Omambala River, Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Management, Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Oli Anthonia Ujunwa , Okeke Patrick Amaechi. ,   Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Management, Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Oli Christian Chukwuemeka ,   Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Ibe Franklin Nnanna ,   Department of Chemistry, Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nzugbe, Okogwu John Dozie ,   Department of Chemistry, Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nzugbe
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the proximate composition and organoleptic properties of fish species from the Omambala River in Anambra State. A total of 40 fresh fish samples, specifically Clarias gariepinus and Heterotis niloticus, with a mean length of 25 cm and mean weight of 380 g, were analyzed. The fish samples, initially scaled, had their viscera removed and were washed in clean water before undergoing brining. This involved immersing the fish in a 75% saturated brine solution, prepared by dissolving 27 g of NaCl in 100 ml of water for 30 seconds. The samples were then smoke-dried in a smoking kiln. Proximate composition was assessed using standard methods from the Association of Analytical Chemists (AOAC), while organoleptic properties were evaluated using a 9-point hedonic scale. Data were collated and analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with GENSTAT version 4 software, and mean separation was performed using the Least Significant Difference at a 5% probability level. Results indicated that the proximate analyses revealed an increase in all nutrient compositions after smoke-drying, except for moisture and carbohydrates, which significantly decreased from 44.58% to 14.15% and from 37.10% to 7.88%, respectively, for C. gariepinus. In the case of H. niloticus, increases were noted in ash, fiber, fat, and protein, while moisture decreased significantly (p<0.05) from 44.87% to 17.89%. Organoleptic evaluation showed a preference for C. gariepinus, which had a significantly higher overall acceptability mean score of 8.40±0.66 compared to 6.70±2.26 for H. niloticus. This research demonstrates that smoke-drying fish effectively reduces moisture content, enhances nutrient composition, and improves organoleptic properties, thereby increasing shelf life. It is recommended that both C. gariepinus and H. niloticus be hygienically smoke-dried to maximize organoleptic qualities, nutrient composition, and shelf life, ultimately yielding better economic returns. Keywords: Nutrient composition, organoleptic properties, Smoking kiln, Fish species
Security Model for the Detection of Distributed Denial of Service Attack (DDoS) at the Access Layer in Cloud Reference Architecture
Authors: Udo Etuk, Akaninyene , Francis Okoye, ,   Department of Computer Engineering Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT), Nigeria.
Published: October 2024

DDoS attacks on the cloud have become an emerging problem, which calls for an intelligent protection solution for information, communication and computing resources. Cloud reference architecture as a new technology with wider access facility, the access layer in the reference architecture becomes grave to numerous security challenges, and it is mostly exploited by the attacker using compromised computers to launch DDoS attack which affects its performance by shutting down some services. Many security frameworks have been proposed in the past, but they are not enough to provide security solution for accurate detection and control of DDoS attack at the access layer. Intelligent security model based on artificial neural network was developed to detect and control DDoS attack at the access layer. DDoS dataset obtained online was used to train and test the intelligent security model using MATHLAB workspace. Simulated results implemented and generated with receive operator characteristic analyzer (Roc) showed a true positive rate of 98.2% to detect and control DDoS attack at the access layer and a false negative rate of 0.02%. The inclusion of additional parameters to determined and identifies the source of the attack, whether it is lunch from outside or inherent within the reference architecture is recommended. KEYWORDS: Reference Architecture, Access Layer, Distributed Denial of Service (DDOS), Artificial Neural Network’s (ANN’s)
Potential Tax Discrimination against Italian-Sourced Dividends and Capital Gains Received by Foreign Investment Funds Not Compliant with EU Regulatory Framework
Authors: Quaratino L. , Antinucci B.
Published: October 2024

This article delves into the complexities of cross-border taxation of Italian-sourced dividends and capital gains paid to Italian and foreign investment funds. More specifically, the authors scrutinize whether Italy’s current domestic tax laws violate the EU fundamental freedoms, particularly regarding foreign funds that, despite not being subject to the UCITS or AIFM Directives, are subject to a regulatory framework similar to that imposed on Italian funds.
COVID-19 diagnosis based on CT scan image segmentation using multi-scale convolutional neural network
Authors: Ayachi Riadh , Afif Mouna , Said Yahia , Ben Abdelali Abdessalem
Published: October 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose significant health challenges worldwide. While traditional methods like Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) are widely used for diagnosis, they often suffer from limitations in speed and accessibility. This chapter proposes an automatic COVID-19 diagnosis technique using CT scan image segmentation, offering a promising alternative for early detection. The proposed method leverages Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), enhanced with a multi-scale approach, to capture more detailed semantic features and achieve high-quality segmentation despite challenges such as low image resolution, varying infection characteristics, and limited training data. To address the data scarcity issue, various data augmentation techniques, including scale variation, translation, and rotation, were applied to enhance the model's performance. The proposed CNN was evaluated using the COVID-19 CT dataset, achieving an overall accuracy of 96.85%, with COVID-19 sensitivity at 93.31%, Common Pneumonia sensitivity at 92.93%, and a true negative rate of 97.82%. These results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method in detecting COVID-19 at an early stage, reducing the need for human intervention, and accelerating the diagnostic process. Compared to existing methods, this approach offers significant improvements in accuracy and reliability, making it a valuable tool in the ongoing fight against the pandemic.
Is Citywide Afterschool Coordination Going Nationwide? An Exploratory Study in Large Cities
Authors: Simkin Linda , Charner Ivan , Dailey Caitlin Rose , Watts Eric , Taub Hannah , Adelaja Abidemi
Published: October 2024

This study finds at least 77 of the nation’s 275 largest cities coordinate afterschool programming.
Target Situation Analysis (TSA) To Examine The Expert Viewpoint About The Academic Writing Demands To Author A Research Thesis In Social Sciences: A Review Study In English For Academic Purposes
Authors: Khan Dr. Misbah Afsheen , Khan Misbah Rosheen
Published: October 2024

Target Situation Analysis (TSA) is used in this review study to investigate the expert opinion about the requirements for academic writing when producing a social science research thesis, specifically about English for Academic Purposes (EAP). According to Basturkmen (2010) and Dudley-Evans & St. John (1998), task-specific assessment (TSA) entails determining the particular tasks, abilities, and language requirements of students in the intended academic setting. This article focuses on the expectations of examiners in EAP, important academic norms for thesis writing, and linguistic and rhetorical elements that can help ESL students overcome obstacles. In order to fulfill the demands of ESL students doing social science research, this TSA intends to inform effective instructional approaches and support systems by reviewing the body of existing literature. These writing requirements were assessed using a systematic literature review methodology and a qualitative design. Themes including thesis writing, the function of the social sciences, academic expectations, and the flow and structure of the thesis were identified through thematic analysis of scholarly guides and studies. Important findings show that writing with precision, consistency, and clarity is still quite difficult, especially for non-native speakers. In order to produce high-quality theses, social science researchers need certain abilities including critical thinking and good communication in addition to language[1] competency. The results underscore the necessity of customized assistance, including focused writing training, mentorship, and peer evaluation, in order to improve research thesis quality in Pakistan and foster scholarly distinction. Future studies should concentrate on efficient teaching strategies, the influence of language ability on the caliber of theses, and the creation of assessment instruments to help students even more. By addressing these unmet requirements for academic writing in Pakistan, researchers will be better equipped to do excellent work that makes a significant contribution to their areas.
The Findings of the ICJ Advisory Opinion on the Oslo Accords and the Amici Curiae Proceedings before the ICC in the Situation of Palestine
Authors: El Zeidy Mohamed M.
Published: October 2024

This article focuses on the legal findings of the ICJ concerning the Oslo II Accord, and argues in favour of its relevance in deciding the jurisdictional question raised by the UK before the International Criminal Court (ICC). It also addresses whether invoking this question through a procedure of an amicus curiae during the warrant of arrest stage fits neatly within the ICC’s procedural regime, and it concludes that it does not.
Large Language Models are Good Translators
Authors: Zeng Zhaohan , Liang Zhibin
Published: October 2024

Machine translation, which uses computers to translate one language into another, is one of the most challenging tasks in artificial intelligence. During the last decade, neural machine translation (NMT), which builds translation models based on deep neural networks, has achieved significant improvement. However, NMT still faces several challenges. For example, the translation quality of an NMT system greatly depends on the amount of bilingual training data, which is expensive to acquire. Furthermore, it is difficult to incorporate external knowledge into an NMT system to obtain further improvement for a specific domain. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in language understanding and generation. This raises interesting questions about whether LLMs can be good translators and whether it is easy to adapt LLMs to new domains or to meet specific requirements. In this study, we hypothesized that LLMs can be adapted to perform translation by using prompts or fine-tuning and these adapted LLMs would outperform the conventional NMT model in four aspects: translation quality, interactive ability, knowledge incorporation ability, and domain adaptation. We compared GPT-4 and Google Translate, the representative LLM and NMT models, respectively, on the WMT 2019 (Fourth conference on machine translation) dataset. Experimental results showed that GPT-4 outperformed Google Translate in the above four aspects by exploiting appropriate prompts. Further experiments on Llama, an open-source LLM developed by Meta, showed that the translation quality of LLMs can be further improved by fine-tuning on limited language-related bilingual corpus, demonstrating strong adaptation abilities of LLMs.
ผลการจัดกิจกรรมนิทานประกอบท่าโยคะเพื่อส่งเสริมทักษะความจำเพื่อการใช้งานของเด็กปฐมวัย
Authors: ลีอ่ำ นุจรี , แสวงเจริญ เพ็ญศรี , บุตรกตัญญู อรพรรณ
Published: October 2024

ภูมิหลังและวัตถุประสงค์: ความจำเพื่อการใช้งานเป็นการทำงานของสมองที่มีบทบาทสำคัญต่อความสามารถในการเรียนรู้ การให้เหตุผล และการแก้ปัญหา ทักษะความจำเพื่อการใช้งานจะพัฒนาเมื่อเด็กเริ่มเติบโตขึ้น มีหลากหลายกลยุทธ์ในการส่งเสริมทักษะความจำเพื่อการใช้งานของเด็ก การวิจัยครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ       1) ศึกษาผลการจัดกิจกรรมนิทานประกอบท่าโยคะเพื่อส่งเสริมทักษะความจำเพื่อการใช้งานของเด็กปฐมวัย   2) เปรียบเทียบทักษะความจำเพื่อการใช้งานของเด็กปฐมวัยก่อน และหลังการจัดกิจกรรมนิทานประกอบท่าโยคะเพื่อส่งเสริมทักษะความจำเพื่อการใช้งานของเด็กปฐมวัย          
ระเบียบวิธีการวิจัย: กลุ่มตัวอย่างเป็นเด็กปฐมวัยชาย-หญิงที่มีอายุระหว่าง 5-6 ปีที่กำลังศึกษาอยู่ระดับชั้นอนุบาลปีที่ 2 ภาคเรียนที่ 2 ปีการศึกษา 2566 โรงเรียนหนองจอกพิทยานุสรณ์ กรุงเทพมหานคร จำนวน 30 คน โดยการสุ่มตัวอย่างแบบแบ่งกลุ่ม เครื่องมือวิจัยประกอบด้วยแผนการจัดกิจกรรมนิทานประกอบท่าโยคะเพื่อส่งเสริมทักษะความจำเพื่อการใช้งานของเด็กปฐมวัย และแบบประเมินทักษะความจำเพื่อการใช้งานของเด็กปฐมวัย สถิติที่ใช้ในการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลคือค่าเฉลี่ย ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน ค่าร้อยละ และ  t-test (dependent sample)
ผลการวิจัย: ผลการวิจัยพบว่าก่อนการทดลองเด็กปฐมวัยส่วนใหญ่มีทักษะความจำเพื่อการใช้งานอยู่ในระดับน้อยมาก คิดเป็นร้อยละ 50.00 รองลงมาคือระดับน้อย คิดเป็นร้อยละ 26.67 ระดับดี คิดเป็นร้อยละ 20.00 และระดับปานกลาง คิดเป็นร้อยละ 3.33 หลังการทดลองเด็กปฐมวัยส่วนใหญ่มีทักษะความจำเพื่อการใช้งานอยู่ในระดับปานกลาง คิดเป็นร้อยละ 40.00 รองลงมาคือระดับดีมาก คิดเป็นร้อยละ 30.00 ระดับดี  คิดเป็นร้อยละ  26.67 และระดับน้อย คิดเป็นร้อยละ 3.33 คะแนนทักษะความจำเพื่อการใช้งานของเด็กปฐมวัยก่อนการจัดกิจกรรมนิทานประกอบท่าโยคะมีค่าเฉลี่ย 4.63 ค่าเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน 2.04 และหลังการจัดกิจกรรมนิทานประกอบท่าโยคะมีค่าเฉลี่ย 8.13 ค่าเบี่ยงเบนมารตฐาน 1.76 เมื่อเปรียบเทียบความแตกต่างของคะแนนทักษะความจำเพื่อการใช้ของเด็กปฐมวัย พบว่าคะแนนทักษะความจำเพื่อการใช้งานของเด็กปฐมวัยหลังการจัดกิจกรรมนิทานประกอบท่าโยคะสูงขึ้นอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ .05
สรุปผล: เด็กปฐมวัยมีทักษะความจำเพื่อการใช้งานสูงขึ้นหลังการจัดกิจกรรมนิทานประกอบท่าโยคะเพื่อส่งเสริมทักษะความจำเพื่อการใช้งานของเด็กปฐมวัย
Outcomes of operative fixation of loose trochlear osteochondral defects: A case series with subgroup analysis
Authors: Bustamante Galo , Iyer Amogh , Milliron Eric , Cavendish Parker , Qin Charles , Duerr Robert , Magnussen Robert , Kaeding Christopher , Flanigan David
Published: October 2024

Objectives

To evaluate results of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of loose osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) fragments of the trochlea including identification of any cases of fixation failure and assessment of post-operative patient-reported outcomes and activity level.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of OCD fixation surgeries performed between 2010 and 2021 identified 12 patients who underwent ORIF of loose OCD trochlear fragments. Patient demographics, history, imaging findings, surgical factors, and skeletal maturity were all collected. Primary outcome measures included reoperation for fixation failure, Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores (KOOS), and Marx scores.

Results

The 12 patients (12 knees) with a mean age of 17.7 ± 6.4 years (range, 13-37 years) were included in the case series. Mean trochlear OCD size was 3.20 cm2 (range, 1.69-5.06 cm2) with mean follow-up of 78.9 months (range, 8 – 145). Failure of fixation occurred in. Failure of fixation occurred in 2 patients (17%). Of the 10 patients (83%) who completed PROs, the mean KOOS global score for all patients was 86.8 ± 16.3, symptoms/stiffness sub score 90.0 ± 11.0, pain 91.2 ± 12.1, Functions of daily living 95.5 ± 8.3, Sports/recreation 82.0 ± 23.9, quality of life 75.7 ± 28.6, and a mean Marx activity score of 10.5 ± 4.9.

Conclusion

ORIF of loose OCD lesions of the trochlea is associated with a low risk of failure of fixation and acceptable patient-reported outcomes.