bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Responsabilidad social desde el paradigma del desarrollo humano en las organizaciones no gubernamentales
Authors: Meléndez Rangel Jesús Ramón , Montoya Francy Lisseth
Published: January 2019

La Responsabilidad Social (RS) es considerada un instrumento operativo que contribuye al mejoramiento del trabajador en sus dimensiones sociales, económicas y al mismo tiempo en su espacio-entorno empresarial. Sus postulados están orientados hacia el paradigma del Desarrollo Humano (DH); el cual sirve de referencia como incentivo hacia nuevos principios sobre la humanización y la valoración de las personas. El DH reivindica que la verdadera riqueza de las sociedades está en su gente (PNUD, 2002). Retribuyendo el valor intrínseco a la vida y a la expansión de la calidad de vida que merece todo ser humano. El presente artículo identifica los distintos aportes teóricos realizados por otros investigadores en el área gerencial de las Organizaciones No Gubernamentales (ONG) y de la RS. La metodología empleada, incluyó una revisión amplia de la literatura publicada en bases de datos y textos, considerando los temas relevantes y en contexto global. Se desarrollaron tres unidades de convergencias o categorías,  para describir los contenidos que involucran a la RS, al DH y a las ONG. Finalmente, la discusión conduce a conocer la actualidad del tema. Se concluye que la RS implementada por las ONG está llenando los espacios que otras organizaciones del sector público y privado, aún no terminan de consolidar en materia del DH.
O ensino do Urbanismo e o modelo disciplinar: crítica e reflexão para uma nova agenda
Authors: Tsutsui Hugo Kamiya , Kerber Luana , Machiavelli Pollyana Larissa
Published: January 2019

O artigo objetiva compreender os avanços e limitações do ensino de urbanismo a partir da análise do projeto pedagógico - implantado em 2008 - e da sua aplicação - 2010 a 2013 - na graduação de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Parte-se de uma breve contextualização do urbanismo brasileiro ao longo do tempo, identificando os principais modelos de planejamento, e como estes se inserem, ou não, no ensino a ser relatado. O relato aborda desde as diretrizes do currículo implantado à sua execução, como as principais metodologias adotadas e o seu processo - repetitivo - ao longo do curso. Se por um lado houve avanço no principal objetivo da disciplina deste novo currículo, com a maior compreensão na articulação entre plano e projeto, por outro, elenca-se uma série de limitações, desde a falta de bases teóricas críticas, de diferentes abordagens metodológicas, à ausência da interdisciplinaridade. Por fim são levantadas perspectivas e experiências interessantes à reflexão, como o caso do Bacharelado em Planejamento Territorial (UFABC) e  do ensino de urbanismo europeu com o Processo de Bolonha.
Oficina Zooming: o movimento como prática de diagnóstico e projeto no espaço urbano. .
Authors: Campos Larissa Barcellos , Goltara Giovani Bonadiman , Mendonça Eneida Maria Souza
Published: January 2019

As experiências metodológicas realizadas pelos situacionistas e outros movimentos artístico/literários de vanguarda do século XX, como a deriva, baseada na psicogeografia, demonstram a potencialidade da caminhada como prática de apreensão urbana. Este artigo visa avaliar as teorias apresentadas como um conjunto de exercícios possível de ser utilizado no ensino e na prática do urbanismo, principalmente na fase inicial de diagnóstico urbano, com efeitos sobre o projeto a ser desenvolvido em seguida. Por meio da experiência denominada Oficina Zooming, com prática de deriva, e na sequente elaboração narrativas cartográficas, foi possível traçar diretrizes projetuais para uma área de estudo, incidindo na interpretação do espaço individualmente e coletivamente a partir da sobreposição das experiências dos percursos urbanos. A metodologia trabalhada é capaz de ser aplicada a estudos urbanos com foco no planejamento, auxiliando uma compreensão do espaço de forma engajada e mais próxima à realidade do cotidiano das cidades.
The Development of Chinese Nuclear Forces: Start of a Deep Transformation
Authors: Kashin V. B.
Published: January 2019

China is currently the only member of the UN Security Council that is actively increasing the quality and quantity of its nuclear potential. Exactly how far China is willing to go in developing its nuclear forces remains a subject of discussion. The prevailing view is that China is seeking to implement a limited increase in its nuclear arsenal in order to secure the potential for a guaranteed re taliation in the face of the US continuously improving its missile defense systems. Since late 1990s, the development of air and naval forces of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has been a subject of increased attention both in Asia and in the world at large. Nuclear potential was not perceived as a priority for China’s development of its military power and remained in the background. However, the events of recent years have shown that the world does not quite realize the true scale of China’s efforts in creating strategic nuclear forces. At this point, it can be perceived as a fait accompli that China has managed to implement most of its long-term program for the modernization of its nuclear forces without attracting too much attention from other major countries and, above all, from the world’s sole superpower.
Silk Road Economic Belt Project in the complex space of the Central Asia Region
Authors: Syroezhkin K. L.
Published: January 2019

The article is dedicated to the perspectives of the Chinese initiative of the Silk Road economic belt from the prospective of the Central Asian states' national interests. The author claims that the common understanding of Central Asia as a united region is limited: there are many conflicts and problems between states which haven't yet been resolved. The problems of borders and ethnical enclaves remain to be potentially dangerous as well as recurrent problems of regionalism and tribalism. The essential water resources are distributed in a highly disproportionate way. During a long period of time Central Asia has been taking the position of an intercontinental corridor, linking Asia and Europe, and that is why external actors showed no interest in building a Central Asian integration project. Besides, political elites of Central Asia also were not interested in appearance of supranational institutes which will inevitably create a highly competitive political order. Nonetheless, the very idea of the Silk Road economic belt, in political terms, was approved by all the Central Asian states. This paradox can be partly explained referring to the absence of political limitations, imposed on states by the project. However, it doesn't mean that China experiences altruism. The author stresses that the Silk Road economic belt has never been a pure integration project. The core element of the concept is not the improvement of national industrial potential of the countries the Road crosses but the idea of the intensive development of western regions of China.
The Future of US-Chinese Relations under the Administration of Donald Trump
Authors: Vorobiev V. Y.
Published: January 2019

Long-standing objectives of U.S. foreign policy remain unaltered regardless of the person incumbent. The US elite unanimously see the purpose of maintaining its leading role in international relations. It is still possible that there will be some corrections the American foreign policy but they will not alter the general line. Donald Trump won the US presidential elections. He announced one of his strategic lines in foreign policy is to deter China. From the author's point of view, is to have complex consequences in economics, foreign-policy and defense strategies. The economic growth of China is declining, albeit for the past decades China became the second world power. The USA, at the same time, successfully overcame the consequences of financial crisis 2009. Nowadays, the GDP gap between considering countries is growing again and China is unlikely to reduce it in the short term. It is possible that during the diplomatic negotiations, the USA will reduce its influence in some world regions: they are ready to redistribute the spheres responsibility and demonstrate their attentive position to the interests of other state. The US-China relationships exist in changeable and dynamic forms and in this context, China relates to the stability of its partnership with Russia.
“One Belt, One Road” Project as a new foreign policy strategy of China. Short analysis of the discussion inside China
Authors: Mikhalev M. S.
Published: January 2019

One of the most significant international infrastructure projects of our time is undoubtedly the foreign policy initiative “One belt, One Road” announced by China ’s leader Xi Jinping in 2013. Despite the fact that the true reasons, scale and long-term goals of this global project of China have not been definitively formulated yet, it is obvious the “One Belt, One Road” Project has surpassed its originally stated infrastructure and economic guidelines and become an ambitious long-term plan to promote the Chinese economic model around the world. From the point the Chinese planners the initiative of Xi Jinping is able in the near future to provide a platform for harmonious coexistence and solidarity between various countries and entire civilizations that while remaining independent from each other politically and culturally, will be economically interdependent and share a common desire for a harmonious co-development. The principles and ideals on which, to the mind of the initiators of the “One Belt, One Road” Project, such a civilizational dialogue of equals should be built, require the most serious attention and careful study. Unfortunately, in most modern publications on this topic, the analysis of the reasons, goals and objectives of the global Chinese initiative is carried out only on the basis of official documents of the Chinese government and the positions of those experts in China, whose opinion rather reflects their own attitude to the “One Belt, One Road” Project than is decisive in the process of internal Chinese discussion on this issue. It seems that this approach does not contribute to the formation of an objective understanding of the conditions under which this new foreign policy of China is born and to what consequences it could lead. In contrast, in this article, an attempt is made to consider the origins and to interpret the goals of “One Belt, One Road” Project through the analysis of the discussion taking place inside China which is not intended for the external audience.
Charismatic Leadership as a Factor of Power in Venezuela
Authors: Korolkov A. V. , Rusakova T. Yu.
Published: January 2019

The history of mankind knows a lot of examples when individuals abruptly changed the course of the history of countries and peoples. On March 5, 2013, one of the most influential politicians of Latin America passed away. However, the identity of Hugo Chavez is still the subject of debate and dominates in the Venezuelan political agenda, leaving behind the present President Nicolas Maduro. Paradoxically, Chavez’s approval rating even remains almost 50% after almost five years after his death. Maduro and his government have to be content with a modest rating of 20% and accusations of corruption and bringing the country to a collapse. The article sets the task to analyze the factors contributed to the emergence of the phenomenon of Hugo Chavez and the consequences of the charismatic leadership for the political processes in modern Venezuela.
Charismic Legitimacy In The Era Of Donald Trump
Authors: Mezhuev B. V.
Published: January 2019

Thoughts on the «charismatic features» of the new US president are a direct accusation of the American leader in the potentially authoritarian nature of his government. Meanwhile, Donald Trump does not show any desire to change the Constitution and violate the principle of «separation of powers». ax Weber by no means identified «charismatic» and «authoritarian». Moreover, Max Weber by no means identified «charismatic» and «authoritarian». The objective reality that lies behind these accusations is the desire of the American political establishment to guarantee itself against accidents connected with the outcome of any democratic elections. In essence, this is another form of manifestation of the contradiction between the global nature of the economy, the collective nature of the security system and the national character of democratic politics which is most likely to be resolved not in favor of the latter.
Russian Liberal of the Beginning of the 20th Century in Politics
Authors: Gayada F. A.
Published: January 2019

The article examines the political views and practices of Russian liberals in the early twentieth century. Russia’s political destiny of this period directly depended on building constructive relations between the authorities and society. Liberal ideas had a significant impact on the educated public. At the same time, the constructive cooperation between the liberals and the government was the most important condition for the possibility of application of these ideas in domestic political practice. The article examines the political experience of the two largest liberal political parties in Russia – the Cadets and the Octobrists. The author comes to the conclusion that the Russian liberal politician of the early twentieth century could not get out of the role of an idealist oppositionist. He was incapable of recognizing the existing realities and the need for political compromises, which were often perceived as a sign of impotence or immorality. The liberals perceived themselves as the only force capable of bringing Russia to the right, «civilized» path. In the opinion of the liberals, this path was inevitable, therefore, under any circumstances, the liberal movement should have retained its leading role. In the spring of 1917, the liberal opposition was able to defeat its historical enemy (autocracy), but retained power for a very short time. The slaughter of the state machine, which the liberals themselves did not intend to preserve, led them to defeat. Thus, the state was the only guarantor of the existence of a liberal movement in Russia.
Political Leadership in Modern France
Authors: Lapina N. Yu.
Published: January 2019

The paper analyses the relation between political elites and political leaders. It is demonstrated that social shifts in the ranks of the elite are reflected in the profiles of heads of state, and the coming to power of a new president results in the renewal of elites. For years of existence of the Fifth republic several generations of political elite were replaced. At the time of Che. De Gaulle highest public servants were the main political actors. The logic of appointments in the system of executive power changed, a new type of political career was created. During the rule of F. Mitterrand, decentralization expanded the ranks of political elite, strengthened the positions of local elites. The president’s fellow party members came to power, political parties turned into an effective mechanism of recruitment of elite cadres. With E. Macron’s election there was a renewal of the deputy corps; reforms which will lead to further changes in the ranks of elites are planned. The paper investigates political biographies and career paths of presidents of the Fifth republic: the path of a notable, the path of a party functionary and the path of a member of administrative bureaucracy. The path of a notable assumes that the politician starts their career from election in local authorities and gradually works their way up through the ranks of power. The path of a party functionary demonstrates that the politician is rooted in party structures. The path of a bureaucrat assumes ascent to the political Olympus through promotion in the executive power branch and also by entering the immediate environment of the president, prime minister, key ministers. Local rootedness, good knowledge of public administration are characteristic of French presidents. Until recently it was thought that to achieve presidency in France it was necessary to be supported by a strong party. The new French president is an exception to this rule, and the movement he created is not a party in the traditional sense but a network entity. The study further brings to light qualities which the leader has to possess. The role of communication in the life of the French president is explained and it is shown how communication shapes the president’s image and influences public trust in the institution of presidency.
Brexit: Reasons, Political Background, Implications
Authors: Ananieva E. V.
Published: January 2019

In the 1960s after the collapse of the colonial empire, the European direction became more important for Britain than relations with overseas territories. For Britain membership in the EEC and subsequently in the EU was a forced measure for the lack of an alternative. Britain gained a strong position in the integration group, but became “an inconvenient partner” in it, demanding special conditions. In the country there was a constant interand intra-party struggle on the “European question”. Eurosceptics were concerned about the country’s loss of national sovereignty and identity, dissatisfied with the social model of the EU in the spirit of social democracy. Euro-optimists considered self-isolation from the continent as disastrous for the country. The logic of integration led to deepening not only economic cooperation, but also political, which caused the rise of europetceptism in Britain in the conditions of the economic crisis of 2008- 2009, the crisis of the Eurozone and the migration crisis. Against this background, Prime Minister D. Cameron was forced to hold a referendum on Britain’s membership in the EU. The results of the referendum on Britain’s membership in the EU demonstrated a split in society: just over half of the British voted for the country’s withdrawal from the EU. The country is divided on social, age, and regional grounds. Not only socially vulnerable, but socially prosperous sections of the population voted for Brexit. As a result of globalization, the former concern immigration, the latter – the shift of economic power to the East. The political consequences of Brexit are serious. The political consequences of Brexit are serious. Scotland, having voted for the EU, is aiming to hold a new referendum on independence, Northern Ireland is wary of closing the border with Ireland. In the political arena, the struggle between eurosceptics and euro-opportunists did not stop, prompting the replacement of the leader and the Prime Minister (Conservative Party) and the aggravation of the crisis in the Labor Party. The successor of D. Cameron as head of the cabinet, T. May had to announce early parliamentary elections, hoping to strengthen the position of the ruling party and supporters of its line on the eve of difficult negotiations on the conditions for Britain’s withdrawal from the EU.
Transnational Recreation Industry and the Modern State
Authors: Orlov Igor B. , Abelinskaite Vera E.
Published: January 2019

The article based on the touristic transnational corporations’ activity in Russian is dedicated to not only negative but also positive sides of interaction between Russian business and power institutions. Talking about transnational corporation in toutistic sphere we should consider at least three factors: internationalization and globalization of intertational tourism; connected with this factor tranformation of transnational corporations’ structure and functions in recreational industry; specificity of so-called «soft power» implementation in the area of state and transnational business interaction. Unification of consumers’ attitudes equally as common cultural values coming from globalization are able to not only simplify the organization of international touristic business but also put to use this business as the channel of “cultural diplomacy”. Herewith the authors are invocating to treat with caution with the concept of “soft power”: commercial aims of touristic companies’ activity predominate over humanitarian duties and balance between state and private interests is not an easy course. This fact set the whole complex of obstacles in analysis of peer interaction especially in forming (or redesigning) and promoting of state image on the world stage. The authors try to overcome these obstacles and show why and whereby resource potential of foreign (needless to say about Russian ones) transnational corporations could be used for forming and promoting of Russian Federation’s positive image on the world stage.
Cooperation of Russia and France: Regional Level
Authors: Chetverikova Anna S. , Baronina Yulia A.
Published: January 2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of the inter-territorial cooperation of Russia and France at the present stage. It is the cooperation at the level of individual territories that become one of the forms in which countries are interested in, and France is not an exception. Russian regions also seek to develop relationships with the French side though this direction of foreign economic activity is not a priority for them. Authors’ attention is focused on those regions, which are the most involved in the investment ties between the two countries. Regional authorities play a particular role in the development of inter-territorial economic cooperation that is reflected in the analysis of activities of the regional authorities of France and Russia in the direction of development of bilateral ties in crisis conditions. Forms and dynamics of cooperation are considered; prospects of Russian-French interregional ties in the current political and economic conditions is assessed. Russian regions with comprehensive cooperation with French side are given. Investment cooperation is the most important for regional economy and only a part of French regions and of the subjects of the Russian Federation is involved. A characteristic feature of such cooperation is the concentration of investments of both countries mainly in the capital territories of France and Russia, as well as the territorial narrowness of investment activity in general that is predefined by the investment strategies of big Russian and French companies. Special attention is paid to the companies, which have the most geographically diversified structure. The experience of the Kaluga region as one of the active participants of the Russian-French inter-territorial cooperation is analyzed at regional level. Kaluga region in particular adopted French experience of regional innovation development. Nowadays Kaluga region is one of the biggest recipients of French companies’ FDI. Their projects are concentrated in the field of mechanical engineering, food and chemical industry, and the construction materials industry. The existing level of inter-territorial cooperation between France and Russia allows us to say that this form of cooperation is perspective and will develop in the future.
The Republic of Cyprus as a Transit Point for Foreign Capital
Authors: Kvashnin Yury D.
Published: January 2019

The policy of the Cypriot authorities, aimed at attracting foreign capital, is deeply rooted in history. Having created a flexible tax system, since its first years as an independent state Cyprus has managed to attract numerous foreign shipping companies and in the 1970s it turned into a regional financial hub through which economic cooperation between the countries of the West and the Middle East was carried out. The Cypriot economy flourished in the 1990s – 2000s, when thanks to favorable taxation regime, transaction confidentiality, convenient geographical location, eased visa regime and a number of other factors it became the main transit point for capital from Eastern Europe, first of all  – from Russia. However, the future of Cyprus as an international financial center is in question. Under the pressure of the EU, OECD and a number of individual countries, the Cypriot authorities are forced to bring their tax legislation in line with international standards. Negative impact on the investment image of the country was rendered by the national 2012-2013 banking crisis, followed by the collapse of the largest national banks, a sharp deterioration in macroeconomic indicators and the implementation by the government of a number of reforms that affected the attractiveness of Cyprus in the eyes of international business companies. In these circumstances, the Cypriot authorities have taken a number of measures aimed at preventing the outflow of foreign capital, including the abolition of the property tax in the housing stock, the extension of benefits for new tax residents and the introduction of a simplified procedure for the granting of Cypriot citizenship for investments. Thanks to these innovations, Cyprus managed not only to retain interest from TNCs of Russian origin, but also to attract investments of small and medium-sized companies, primarily those working in the field of information and communication technologies.
Arctic Transformations: Multinational Companies Facing the New Challenges of Sustainable Development
Authors: Nikitina Elena N.
Published: January 2019

What is the impact of the ongoing transformations in the Arctic region – global warming, socio-economic and institutional changes – on internationalization in the Arctic and the activities of multinational companies in the polar regions of the Arctic countries? What is the role of multinational companies in the sustainable development of these regions, including the ensuring of the welfare of the northerners? The article attempts to answer these questions and discuss new approaches to the problem of sustainable development in the Arctic region with its extremely vulnerable and severe nature, large reserves of natural resources, unique human potential, dynamically developing economy, infrastructure and active involvement in the world economy. The main emphasis is on the assessing of the social component in the triangle of the interrelated priorities of sustainable development  – social, environmental and economic. The analysis showed that the consequences of systemic transformations form a new context for the activities of multinational companies, which have to adapt their corporate strategies to the Arctic specifics. The northern regions are actively involved in internationalization; a significant part of their GRP is produced by enterprises controlled by multinational companies. Assessments of the role of multinational companies for the local population and sustainable development are mixed. Such companies help to modernize the economy and infrastructure, create jobs, place orders with local producers, and develop human potential. In a number of countries, the control of the local population over the activities of multinational corporations (USA, Canada) is strengthening. At the same time, serious social and economic imbalances arise, including social disproportions and stratification of the population, as well as challenges for traditional activities and nature. The contribution of the Arctic regions to the world economy is almost five times higher than their share in the world population. Obtaining a social license from the northerners, implementing corporate social responsibility is becoming a popular instrument used by multinational companies to support their activities in the Arctic. The interaction between the state and multinational companies is strengthening, and the forms of state regulation of the access to natural resources and infrastructure are being diversified. The study is based on the analysis of the practices of foreign Arctic countries, rich in mineral and energy resources – the USA, Canada and Norway; their approaches and practices may be of interest to Russia and its northern regions. In conclusion, new scientific concepts of adaptive governance of sustainable development and its inclusiveness in the context of the interaction between transforming natural and social systems in the Arctic are summarized.
Illicit Transnational Enterprises and the State
Authors: Efimova Anna I.
Published: January 2019

This article aims at contributing to the current debate over the effects of illicit transnational activities on states. Recent avenues of conceptualizing transnational organized crime call for defining it as an economic activity with the scope of profit, rather than a criminal activity. Illicit transnational business activities largely follow the trends in development of legal business. The transnational criminal enterprises emerged in parallel to the growth of multinational corporations, making use of the same opportunities as legal business did. The article discusses violence by illicit enterprises and reviews current theoretical debate on the linkages between illicit enterprises and the state. The paper then proceeds with an empirical analysis of the effects of the presence of illicit enterprises on state weakness. We have hypothesized that weak states may have higher presence of criminal businesses. The findings generally confirm significant correlation between the two variables. State fragility is positively correlated with the presence of organized crime. Testing these results against empirical evidence partially confirms the findings. However, this correlation might be weakened by the observation that the presence of illicit enterprises alone does not determine state fragility or strength.
The US Role in the World Manufacturing and Trade as a Global Issue
Authors: VARNAVSKIY V. G.
Published: January 2019

The article considers the USA role and place in the global  manufacturing and trade. Key aspects of the world economy  transformation in the context of globalization, internationalization  and liberalization are studied. As shows, USA and China are the two  largest economies in the world. United States is the world’s largest  economy by nominal GDP and second largest by purchasing power  parity (PPP). It holds a 15.4 percent share of global GDP in PPP  (2016). China is the world’s largest economy by PPP, accounting for  17.8 percent of global GDP. The USA share of world GDP declined by  a total of 3.8 percentage points between 2006 and 2016. At the  same time, the United States possesses great economic strength. It  is also the world leader in innovation. China’s success has mostly  been in lowerend innovation. This country has been less successful in  higher-end innovation, where USA currently maintain a lead. The  United States holds a leading position in aerospace, instrument  making, cloud computing, ICT, robotics-related technologies, nanomaterials, biopharmaceutical and other high-tech  industries and China significantly lags behind. Special attention is paid to the U.S. foreign trade. It is shown that the USA is one of  the world’s largest importer and exporter of goods and services. It  accounts for 10.5 percent of global goods and services exports in  2016 (second place after China) and 13.3 percent of global imports  (first place). Despite the world’s second place after China in some economic indexes such as gross domestic product (at PPP),   size of manufacturingand merchandise trade, USA ranks first in the  world in terms of quality indicators of economic development. It  remains the most powerful economy in the world. The author’s  conclusion is that, the loss of US world leadership in terms of output  indicators has not yet become a global problem for other countries  and world economy in the whole.
Kinerja Mesin Pemisah Potongan Tangkai dan Daun Teh
Authors: Sutejo Agus , Mardjan Sutrisno Suro , Hermawan Wawan , Desrial Desrial
Published: January 2019

The quality of dried tea depends on the condition of raw materials and processing methods. The problem in the tea processing is the mixture of pieces of stalks and leaves. This research aims to examine the performance of stalks and leaves machine separator based on the difference of suction velocity and the terminal velocity of the material. The separator was designed according to the physical and aerodynamic properties of tea leaves. The performance of the separator was done by calculating the separating efficiency of five combined treatments (P, P1a, P1b, P0a, and P0b) and calculating the separating capacity with three feeding treatments (0.4 kg/sec, 0.5 kg/sec, and 0.6 kg/sec). Physical property observation of the tea leaves obtained an average mass 0.143 kg/m² which means the theoretical suction pressure needed is about 1.4 Pa. The actual terminal velocity measured as 7.5 m/sec for the stalk pieces and 3.0 m/sec for the leaf pieces. The optimum separating efficiency was obtained at P treatment, it was about 97.6 %, with average suction ir velocity 3.15 m/s. Optimum separating capacity was obtained about 354.29 kg/hour.
GASIFIKASI LIMBAH TEMPURUNG KEMIRI SEBAGAI ENERGI ALTERNATIF MENGGUNAKAN UPDRAFT GASIFIER PADA LAJU ALIRAN UDARA BERBEDA
Authors: Abineno Jemseng Carles , Koylal Johny Agustinus
Published: January 2019

Kemiri (Aleurites moluccana) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang polpulasinya cenderung dengan produktivitas sebesar 0,6 ton/Ha pada tahun 2014. Hasil pengolahan kemiri menghasilkan limbah berupa tempurung mencapai 193,36 kg/ton. Analisis nilai kalori yang terkandung dalam tempurung kemiri mencapai 4920,25 kal/gr. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa energi yang terkandung pada tempurung kemiri sebesar 4.920 kkal/ton. Data tersebut menjelaskan bahwa energi yang dihasilkan dari tempurung kemiri mencapai 319,56 MJ, namun sampai saat ini  limbah tempurung kemiri belum dimanfaatkan. Limbah pertanian yang umumnya berupa padatan, dapat dimanfaatkan energinya dalam bentuk yang lebih sederhana melalui proses gasifikasi. Selain menghasilkan gas yang mudah terbakar, proses ini lebih ramah lingkungan jika dibandingkan dengan pembakaran langsung. Salah satu cara untuk konversi limbah tempurung kemiri adalah melalui proses gasifikasi. Gasifikasi adalah proses konversi biomassa menjadi bahan bakar berbentuk gas oleh adanya proses oksidasi parsial (oksigen terbatas) melalui reaktor yang disebut  updraft gasifier. Level perlakuan (laju aliran udara) yang dicobakan untuk menghasilkan syngas yaitu: v1 (366.07 lpm), v2 (462.09 lpm), dan v3 (545.11 lpm).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan updraft gasifier dapat menghasilkan gas (syngas), dan digunakan sebagai sumber energi panas untuk proses penyangraian dan pengeringan. Kinerja gasifikasi terbaik  pada updraft gasifier terjadi pada laju aliran udara v2 (462.09 lpm) yaitu  lama  penyalaan syngas mencapai 48 menit/3 kgbahan atau 16 menit/kgbahan. Suhu penyalaan berada pada kisaran  1550C - 6000C. Sumber energi panas yang dihasilkan dari biomassa tempurung kemiri dapat digunakan untuk proses pengeringan dan penyangraian bahan hasil pertanian. Kata Kunci : Gasifikasi, tempurung,  kemiri, gasifier, updraft,
Volume Comparison in the presence of a Gromov-Hausdorff ε−approximation II
Authors: Sabatini Luca
Published: January 2019

Let (M, g) be any compact, connected, Riemannian manifold of dimension n. We use a transport of measures and the barycentre to construct a map from (M, g) onto a Hyperbolic manifold (ℍn/Λ, g
0) (Λ is a torsionless subgroup of Isom(ℍn,g
0)), in such a way that its jacobian is sharply bounded from above. We make no assumptions on the topology of (M, g) and on its curvature and geometry, but we only assume the existence of a measurable Gromov-Hausdorff ε-approximation between (ℍn/Λ, g
0) and (M, g). When the Hausdorff approximation is continuous with non vanishing degree, this leads to a sharp volume comparison, if

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$$\matrix{{Vol\left( {{M^n},g} \right) \ge }\cr {{{\left( {1 + 160n\left( {n + 1} \right)\sqrt {{\varepsilon \over {\min \left( {in{j_{\left( {{{\Bbb H}^n}/\Lambda ,{g_0}} \right)}},1} \right)}}} } \right)}^{{n \over 2}}}\left| {\deg \,h} \right| \cdot Vol\left( {{X^n},{g_0}} \right).} \cr }$$
Stable difference scheme for a nonlocal boundary value heat conduction problem
Authors: Sadybekov Makhmud A.
Published: January 2019

In this paper, a new finite difference method to solve nonlocal boundary value problems for the heat equation is proposed. The most important feature of these problems is the non-self-adjointness. Because of the non-self-adjointness, major difficulties occur when applying analytical and numerical solution techniques. Moreover, problems with boundary conditions that do not possess strong regularity are less studied. The scope of the present paper is to justify possibility of building a stable difference scheme with weights for mentioned type of problems above.
A Long-Forgotten Tale: The Management of Cardiogenic Shock in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Iancu Adrian Corneliu , Dregoesc Mihaela Ioana , Solomoneanu Aurelia , Benedek Theodora
Published: January 2019

Patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated with cardiogenic shock (CS) present one of the highest mortality rates recorded in critical care. Mortality rate in this setting is reported around 45-50% even in the most experienced and well-equipped medical centers. The continuous development of ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) networks has led not only to a dramatic decrease in STEMI-related mortality, but also to an increase in the frequency of severely complicated cases who survive to be transferred to tertiary centers for life-saving treatments. The reduced effectiveness of vasoactive drugs on a severely altered hemodynamic status led to the development of new devices dedicated to advanced cardiac support. What’s more, efforts are being made to reduce time from first medical contact to initiation of mechanical support in this particular clinical context. This review aims to summarize the most recent advances in mechanical support devices, in the setting of CS-complicated AMI. At the same time, the review presents several modern concepts in the organization of complex CS centers. These specialized hubs could improve survival in this critical condition.
An Introduction to the Sattra Culture of Assam: Belief, Change in Tradition and Current Entanglement
Authors: Saikia Baburam
Published: January 2019

In 16th-century Assam, Srimanta Sankaradeva (1449-1568) introduced a movement known as eka sarana nama dharma - a religion devoted to one God (Vishnu or Krishna). The focus of the movement was to introduce a new form of Vaishnava doctrine, dedicated to the reformation of society and to the abolition of practices such as animal sacrifice, goddess worship, and discrimination based on caste or religion. A new institutional order was conceptualised by Sankaradeva at that time for the betterment of human wellbeing, which was given shape by his chief disciple Madhavadeva. This came to be known as Sattra, a monastery-like religious and socio-cultural institution. Several Sattras were established by the disciples of Sankaradeva following his demise. Even though all Sattras derive from the broad tradition of Sankaradeva’s ideology, there is nevertheless some theological segmentation among different sects, and the manner of performing rituals differs from Sattra to Sattra. In this paper, my aim is to discuss the origin and subsequent transformations of Sattra as an institution. The article will also reflect upon the implication of traditions and of the process of traditionalisation in the context of Sattra culture. I will examine the power relations in Sattras: the influence of external forces and the support of locals to the Sattra authorities. This research is the result of various interactions and encounters in the field.
Contemporary Mari Belief: The Formation of Ethnic Religion
Authors: Alybina Tatiana
Published: January 2019

In this article* I describe the process of developing of Mari ethnic religion based on the tradition of animistic beliefs. I aim to consider two areas of contemporary Mari religion, the activities of the official religious organisation and the vernacular tradition as practiced by people in the countryside. The Mari vernacular belief system has been seen as one of the components of Mari ethnic identity. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Mari religious tradition has played a role in strengthening national identity, and so the religious organisation has been officially registered. Today there is an attempt to adapt Mari religious practices to the conditions of the religious market, in the face of which vernacular tradition seems to lose its connection with the ethnic worldview and rural way of life. My analysis of research material from fieldwork conducted shows the existence of belief rituals that are followed independently from the official Mari religious movement. Contemporary Mari religious tradition has two layers and can be described as a process of transformation from vernacular belief to ethnic religion with its religious institutions and group of experts.
Curators With and Without Collections : A Comparative Study of Changes in the Curator’s Work at National Museums in Finland and in the Baltic States
Authors: Reidla Jana
Published: January 2019

Traditionally, the curator’s work has been in close connection with the main functions of the museum - preservation, research, and communication. The changes that have occurred at museums over the past few decades have also influenced the profession of curator. Specialisation has taken place inside the museum, and so the curator’s functions have also changed. This article focuses on the curator’s field of work at national museums in Finland and in the Baltic states. The analysis is mainly based on interviews conducted with curators and other museum professionals at the Estonian National Museum, the Estonian History Museum, the National History Museum of Latvia, the National Museum of Lithuania, and the National Museum of Finland. Emanating from the PRC model provided by the Reinwardt Academy as well as the global changes induced by the new museology, the focus is on the curator’s connection with museum collections. The analysis shows that the curator’s role is not similar in all the museums under discussion; there are regional differences in structure, curatorial duties, and priorities. While at some museums the curator is regarded as a collection keeper who can also do some research, at others they are rather researchers and have only infrequent contact with collections.
Developing Cultural Industries in Central and Eastern European Countries
Authors: Suciu Marta-Christina , Năsulea Christian , Năsulea Diana
Published: January 2019

In recent years, culture became an important source of revenue and employment with a significant impact on sustainable development and the quality of life. As developing cultural industries is one of the Europe 2020 Agenda objectives, countries are supporting the creative sectors whose positive outputs lead to new jobs and economic growth. This paper aims to give an overview of the current state of Romanian cultural industries by comparison to other Central and Eastern European countries. Firstly, it starts with outlining the conceptual positions on culture and creativity, followed by a discussion on the theoretical aspects concerning cultural industries and their impact on prosperity and growth. We will look at the business sector, labour market, cultural vitality and participation within cultural industries to assess both the potential and the trends for development.
Modelling the effects of lung cancer motion due to respiration
Authors: Adamczyk Marta , Adamczyk Sebastian , Piotrowski Tomasz
Published: January 2019

Background and objectives: To justify the concept of validating conformal versus intensity-modulated approach in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and methods: For 10 patients representative of the spectrum of tumour sizes and locations, two plans were prepared: one with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) technique and the other with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) technique. Preliminary measurements were performed in static conditions. For each of the field angles considered, the motion kernel was generated to simulate tumour motion trajectories, with the largest amplitude in the cranio-caudal direction of 4, 6, and 8 mm. The measurement results determined the agreement between the planned and measured doses. Results: No statistically significant differences were found between the motion patterns, with the smallest amplitudes for clinical target volume in 3DCRT. For IMRT, the significant differences between 0 mm vs. 6 mm and 0 mm vs. 8 mm amplitudes were found. The motion impact on delivered vs. planned doses had less effect on the oesophagus in 3DCRT compared to that in IMRT. The observed differences were comparable for the heart. Interpretation and conclusions: For maximal amplitudes below 4 mm, the disagreement between planned and delivered doses can be neglected. However, the amplitudes above 5 mm and 7 mm lead to significant changes in IMRT and 3DCRT dose distribution, respectively.
Preliminary studies on the spatial distribution of artificial 137Cs and natural gamma radionuclides in the region of the Ojców National Park, Poland
Authors: Stobiński Marcin , Jędrzejek Filip , Kubica Barbara
Published: January 2019

The aim of the research is to obtain preliminary information about the spatial distribution of gamma radionuclides in the soils taken from the Ojców National Park with emphasis on the behaviour of artificial radionuclides, with 137Cs as a representative. The natural radionuclides 40K, 226Ra (uranium series), and 228Th (thorium series), which are considered as background radiation, were also determined. In total, 18 soil samples were collected during the summer periods in 2015-2017, while the sampling points were selected with respect to differences in rainfall and local topography gradient. The method was based on gamma-ray spectrometry performed on high-purity germanium (HPGe) gamma detector (relative efficiency 34%). 137Cs was mostly deposited in the top soil layers, with activity in the range of 27.9÷586.6 Bq·kg-1. We found strong positive correlation of the 137Cs activity with the soil organic matter content, and at the same time, its dependence on the rainfall amount. Consequently, the soil types and local climate can control the spatial distribution of 137Cs on a small spatial scale. The quantity of natural radionuclides was highly similar in all samples with the following mean values: 38.0 Bq·kg-1for 228Th, 33.1 Bq·kg-1for 226Ra, and 479.9 Bq·kg-1for 40K.
Studies on hydrometallurgical processes using nuclear techniques to be applied in copper industry. I. Application of 64Cu radiotracer for investigation of copper ore leaching
Authors: Smoliński Tomasz , Rogowski Marcin , Brykała Marcin , Pyszynska Marta , Chmielewski Andrzej G.
Published: January 2019

Scientifi c objective of this work was elaboration of radiometric method for the development of hydrometallurgical process for recovery of Cu from the copper ore. A neutron activation analysis (NAA) was identifi ed as a very convenient tool for the process investigation. The samples of copper ore were activated in a nuclear reactor. The parameters of the neutron activation were calculated. Radioisotope 64Cu was selected as an optimal tracer, and it was used for the investigation of the leaching process. During the experiments, various processes applying leaching media such as sulphuric acid, nitric acid, and organic acids were investigated. The recovery of the metals using sulphuric acid was insuffi cient, around 10%. Investigated organic media also did not meet expectations. The best results were obtained in experiments with nitric acid. Up to 90% of Cu and other metals were extracted from the copper ore. Copper concentration calculations obtained by NAA were confi rmed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique. Both techniques gave comparable results, but the advantage of the NAA is a possibility for easy online measurements without shutting down or disturbing the system.