bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using the HEXACO to explain the structure of borderline and psychopathic personality traits
Authors: Roters Jennifer , Book Angela
Published: March 2023

Research has examined the use of basic personality traits in describing problematic personality traits, such as borderline and psychopathic traits. Specifically, the Honesty–Humility factor of the HEXACO model of personality appears to account for a large proportion of the variance in these traits. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether the HEXACO model would similarly predict borderline traits. As found in previous research, psychopathic traits were predicted by low Honesty–Humility, Emotionality, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness, whereas borderline traits were found to be negatively related to eXtraversion and Conscientiousness but had a significantly positive relationship with Emotionality. As Emotionality appeared to be a differential predictor in this study, future research should further examine how Emotionality distinguishes between the various problematic personality traits, which may aid potential treatments/therapies.
One‐pot construction of epoxy resin nanocarrier delivering abamectin and its efficacy on plant root‐knot nematodes
Authors: Du Jiang , Wang Chonglin , Liu Yukun , Xue Chaobin , Ge Jiacheng , Si Guodong , Han Xianzheng , Liu Feng , Zhang Daxia , Li Beixing
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND

The complex preparation process and storage instability of nanoformulations hinders their development and commercialization. In this study, nanocapsules loaded with abamectin were prepared by interfacial polymerization at room temperature and ordinary pressure using the monomers of epoxy resin (ER) and diamine. The potential mechanisms of primary amine and tertiary amine in influencing the shell strength of the nanocapsules and the dynamic stability of abamectin nanocapsules (Aba@ER) in the suspension system were systematically researched.

RESULTS

The tertiary amine catalyzed the self‐polymerization of epoxy resin into linear macromolecules with unstable structures. The structural stability of the diamine curing agent with a primary amine group played a key role in enhancing the structural stability of the polymers. The intramolecular structure of the nanocapsule shell formed by isophorondiamine (IPDA) crosslinked epoxy resin has multiple spatial conformations and a rigid saturated six‐membered ring. Its structure was stable, and the shell strength was strong. The formulation had stable dynamic changes during storage and maintained excellent biological activity. Compared with emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Aba@ER/IPDA had superior biological activity, and the field efficacy on tomato root‐knot nematode was enhanced by approximately 31.28% at 150 days after transplanting.

CONCLUSION

Aba@ER/IPDA, which has excellent storage stability and simple preparation technology, can provide a nanoplatform with industrial prospects for efficient pesticide delivery. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Polygonum sibiricum polysaccharides exert the antidepressant‐like effects in chronic unpredictable mild stress‐induced depressive mice by modulating microbiota‐gut‐brain axis
Authors: Zhang Yingyu , Sun Yuan , Liu Yupei , Liu Jiameng , Sun Jing , Liu Xinmin , Fan Bei , Lu Cong , Wang Fengzhong
Published: March 2023

Polygonum sibiricum polysaccharides (PSP) are one of the main active components of Polygonatum sibiricum, which is a traditional Chinese medicine with food and drug homologies. Recent studies have revealed the antidepressant‐like effects of PSP. However, the precise mechanisms have not been clarified. Therefore, the present study was conducted to explore that whether PSP could exert the antidepressant‐like effects via microbiota‐gut‐brain (MGB) axis in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)‐induced depressive mice by transplantation of fecal microbiota (FMT) from PSP administration mice. FMT markedly reversed the depressive‐like behaviors of CUMS‐induced mice in the open field, the sucrose preference, the tail suspension, the forced swimming, and the novelty‐suppressed feeding tests. FMT significantly increased the levels of 5‐hydroxytryptamine and norepinephrine, decreased the levels of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus and reduced the levels of corticosterone, an adrenocorticotropic‐hormone, in the serum of CUMS‐induced mice. In addition, administration of PSP and FMT significantly increased the expressions of ZO‐1 and occludin in the colon and decreased the levels of lipopolysaccharide and interferon‐γ in the serum of CUMS‐induced mice. Moreover, administration of PSP and FMT regulated the signaling pathways of PI3K/AKT/TLR4/NF‐κB and ERK/CREB/BDNF. Taken together, these findings indicated that PSP exerted antidepressant‐like effects via the MGB axis.
Tourism development level and tourism eco‐efficiency: Exploring the role of environmental regulations in sustainable development
Authors: Wu Xinyang , Liang Xuecheng
Published: March 2023

Efficiency and environmental regulation are two key issues in the development of the tourism industry that require attention for sustainable development. Based on the panel data from 2010 to 2019, taking 31 provinces and districts across China as examples, the Super‐SBM (Super Slacks‐Based Measurement) model with undesirable output is used to measure the tourism eco‐efficiency of each region. Then the spatial Durbin model and the moderating effect model are used to analyze the comprehensive impact of environmental regulation and tourism development level on tourism eco‐efficiency. The results show that the overall tourism eco‐efficiency of 31 provinces is low, its average value is only 0.76, and there are high and low differences in the efficiency among provinces and regions with uneven distribution. The tourism eco‐efficiency of each province and district has a significant spatial correlation, with each variable significant at least at the 10% level, with spatial spillover effects and spatial radiation drive. The regression coefficients for environmental regulations are all significantly positive at least at the 5% level and above. The improvement of the degree of environmental regulation not only has an impact on the tourism eco‐efficiency of this province but also has a similar impact on the tourism eco‐efficiency of neighboring provinces. The difference in tourism development levels has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between environmental regulation and tourism eco‐efficiency. This study provides a reference for the sustainable and high‐quality development of tourism in China through an in‐depth investigation of the role of tourism eco‐efficiency and environmental regulation.
Encapsulation of Cadmium‐Free InP/ZnSe/ZnS Quantum Dots in Poly(LMA‐co‐EGDMA) Microparticles via Co‐flow Droplet Microfluidics
Authors: Babkin Iurii Alekseevich , Udepurkar Aniket Pradip , Van Avermaet Hannes , de Oliveira‐Silva Rodrigo , Sakellariou Dimitrios , Hens Zeger , Van den Mooter Guy , Kuhn Simon , Clasen Christian
Published: March 2023

Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanocrystals that are used in optoelectronic applications. Most modern QDs are based on toxic metals, for example Cd, and do not comply with the European Restriction of Hazardous Substances regulation of the European Union. Latest promising developments focus on safer QD alternatives based on elements from the III–V group. However, the InP‐based QDs lack an overall photostability under environmental influences. One design path of achieving stability is through encapsulation in cross‐linked polymer matrices with the possibility to covalently link the matrix to surface ligands of modified core–shell QDs. The work focuses on the formation of polymer microbeads suitable for InP‐based QD encapsulation, allowing for an individual protection of QDs and an improved processibility via this particle‐based approach. For this, a microfluidic based method in the co‐flow regime is used that consists of an oil‐in‐water droplet system in a glass capillary environment. The generated monomer droplets are polymerized in‐flow into poly(LMA‐co‐EGDMA) microparticles with embedded InP/ZnSe/ZnS QDs using a UV initiation. They demonstrate how a successful polymer microparticle formation via droplet microfluidics produces optimized matrix structures leading to a distinct photostability improvement of InP‐based QDs compared to nonprotected QDs.
Timing and route of migration of mature female blue crabs in a large, wind-driven estuary
Authors: Bell Geoffrey W. , Eggleston David B.
Published: March 2023

Objective

Quantify the timing of mature female blue crab Callinectes sapidus migration and the routes they take in the Croatan, Albemarle, and Pamlico Estuarine System (CAPES) in North Carolina, USA.

Methods

Mark–recapture data collected by commercial crabbers in northeastern North Carolina during 2008 and 2009 identified the timing, rate, and route of movement for 1049 postcopulatory female blue crabs out of 8400 tagged (17.5% recapture).

Result

Mature female blue crabs consistently moved from their original, up-estuary release sites towards the Oregon Inlet spawning sanctuary in early summer. Although crabs averaged 2 km/d and covered distances in excess of 50 km during the tagging season, no recaptures were reported from inside or within 10 km of inlet spawning sanctuaries connecting the CAPES to the Atlantic Ocean. The vast majority of recaptures were concentrated within the area where Albemarle, Currituck, and Croatan sounds merge, which is likely due to a combination of high fishing effort and the narrowing of the waterways that concentrate mature females as they migrate south towards spawning sanctuaries.

Conclusion

The high concentration of blue crab recaptures in this region suggests that extending no-take, inlet sanctuary boundaries into these waters may protect mature females as they migrate to the inlet spawning grounds.
Bioresource Polymer Composite for Energy Generation and Storage: Developments and Trends
Authors: Mousavi Seyyed Mojtaba , Hashemi Seyyed Alireza , Kalashgrani Masoomeh Yari , Gholami Ahmad , Mazaheri Yousef , Riazi Mohsen , Kurniawan Darwin , Arjmand Mohammad , Madkhali O. , Aljabri Mahmood D. , Rahman Mohammed M. , Chiang Wei‐Hung
Published: March 2023

The ever‐growing demand of human society for clean and reliable energy sources spurred a substantial academic interest in exploring the potential of biological resources for developing energy generation and storage systems. As a result, alternative energy sources are needed in populous developing countries to compensate for energy deficits in an environmentally sustainable manner. This review aims to evaluate and summarize the recent progress in bio‐based polymer composites (PCs) for energy generation and storage. The articulated review provides an overview of energy storage systems, e. g., supercapacitors and batteries, and discusses the future possibilities of various solar cells (SCs), using both past research progress and possible future developments as a basis for discussion. These studies examine systematic and sequential advances in different generations of SCs. Developing novel PCs that are efficient, stable, and cost‐effective is of utmost importance. In addition, the current state of high‐performance equipment for each of the technologies is evaluated in detail. We also discuss the prospects, future trends, and opportunities regarding using bioresources for energy generation and storage, as well as the development of low‐cost and efficient PCs for SCs.
Global fit of modified quark couplings to EW gauge bosons and vector-like quarks in light of the Cabibbo angle anomaly
Authors: Crivellin Andreas , Kirk Matthew , Kitahara Teppei , Mescia Federico
Published: March 2023

Abstract

There are two tensions related to the Cabibbo angle of the CKM matrix. First, the determinations of Vus from Kμ2, Kℓ3, and τ decays disagree at the 3σ level. Second, using the average of these results in combination with β decays (including super-allowed β decays and neutron decay), a deficit in first-row CKM unitarity with a significance of again about 3σ is found. These discrepancies, known as the Cabibbo Angle anomaly, can in principle be solved by modifications of W boson couplings to quarks. However, due to SU(2)L invariance, Z couplings to quarks are also modified and flavour changing neutral currents can occur. In order to consistently assess the agreement of a new physics hypothesis with data, we perform a combined analysis for all dimension-six Standard Model Effective Field Theory operators that generate modified W couplings to first and second generation quarks. We then study models with vector-like quarks, which are prime candidates for a corresponding UV completion as they can affect W -quark couplings at tree level, and we perform a global fit including flavour observables (in particular loop effects in ∆F = 2 processes). We find that the best fit can be obtained for the SU(2)L doublet vector-like quark Q as it can generate right-handed W-u-d and W-u-s couplings as preferred by data.
A zebrafish model of growth hormone insensitivity syndrome with immune dysregulation 1 (GHISID1)
Authors: Heidary Somayyeh , Awasthi Nagendra , Page Nicole , Allnutt Theo , Lewis Rowena S. , Liongue Clifford , Ward Alister C.
Published: March 2023

Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins act downstream of cytokine receptors to facilitate changes in gene expression that impact a range of developmental and homeostatic processes. Patients harbouring loss-of-function (LOF) STAT5B mutations exhibit postnatal growth failure due to lack of responsiveness to growth hormone as well as immune perturbation, a disorder called growth hormone insensitivity syndrome with immune dysregulation 1 (GHISID1). This study aimed to generate a zebrafish model of this disease by targeting the stat5.1 gene using CRISPR/Cas9 and characterising the effects on growth and immunity. The zebrafish Stat5.1 mutants were smaller, but exhibited increased adiposity, with concomitant dysregulation of growth and lipid metabolism genes. The mutants also displayed impaired lymphopoiesis with reduced T cells throughout the lifespan, along with broader disruption of the lymphoid compartment in adulthood, including evidence of T cell activation. Collectively, these findings confirm that zebrafish Stat5.1 mutants mimic the clinical impacts of human STAT5B LOF mutations, establishing them as a model of GHISID1.
Geometric amenability in totally disconnected locally compact groups
Authors: Tessera Romain , Tointon Matthew
Published: March 2023

We give a short geometric proof of a result of Soardi and Woess and Salvatori that a quasitransitive graph is amenable if and only if its automorphism group is amenable and unimodular. We also strengthen one direction of that result by showing that if a compactly generated totally disconnected locally compact group admits a proper Lipschitz action on a bounded degree amenable graph then that group is amenable and unimodular. We pass via the notion of geometric amenability of a locally compact group, which has previously been studied by the second author and is defined by analogy with amenability, only using right Følner sets instead of left Følner sets. We also introduce a notion of uniform geometric non-amenability of a locally compact group, and relate this notion in various ways to actions of that group on graphs and to its modular homomorphism.
Relevance of tumor boards for the inclusion of patients in oncological clinical trials
Authors: Dapper Hendrik , Dantes Maurice , Herschbach Peter , Algül Hana , Heinemann Volker
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Major national and international oncological societies generally recommend treating a significant proportion of oncological patients in clinical trials to improve therapy strategies for cancer patients. At cancer centers, the recommendation about the appropriate therapy for the individual tumor patient is usually made in interdisciplinary case discussions in multidisciplinary tumor boards (MDT). In this study, we examined the impact of MDTs for the inclusion of patients in therapy trials.

Methodology

A prospective, explorative study of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich (CCCM) was conducted at both university hospitals in 2019. In the first phase, various MDTs’ case discussions about oncological situations and their decisions regarding possible therapy trials were recorded in a structured manner. In the second phase, the actual inclusion rates of patients in therapy trials and reasons for non-inclusion were examined. Finally, the data of the respective university hospitals were anonymized, pooled and analyzed.

Results

A total of 1797 case discussions were reviewed. Therapy recommendations were made in 1527 case presentations. 38 (2.5%) of 1527 patients were already included in a therapy trial at the time of case presentation. The MDTs recommended inclusion of an additional 107 cases (7%), for a therapy trial. Of these patients, 41 were finally enrolled in a therapy trial which resulted in a total recruitment rate of 5.2%. Despite MDTs’ recommendations, 66 patients were not included in a therapy trial. The main reason for non-inclusion was insufficient inclusion or existing exclusion criteria (n = 18, 28%). In 48% of all cases (n = 31), the reason for non-inclusion could not be determined.

Conclusion

The potential of MDTs as an instrument for the inclusion of patients in therapy trials is high. To increase the enrollment of patients in oncological therapy trials, structural measures such as the central use of trial administration and MTB software in addition to standardized tumor board discussions must be established to ensure a seamless flow of information about actual recruiting trials and the current status of trial participation of patients.
A sustainable dynamic closed-loop supply chain network equilibrium for collectibles markets
Authors: Fargetta Georgia , Scrimali Laura R. M.
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we present a sustainable closed-loop supply chain network equilibrium problem for collectible items in a time-dependent framework. In particular, we consider a network consisting of manufacturers, retailers, demand markets, and an online second-hand platform involved in forward and reverse logistics competition. Manufacturers as well as retailers try to control the amount of emissions generated in transaction processes. We analyze the optimal behaviors of all the decision-makers, and we give the governing closed-loop supply chain network equilibrium conditions. Then, we introduce the associated evolutionary variational inequality and the related infinite-dimensional projected dynamical system, which are convenient to solve such a problem. Finally, using a discrete-time approximation procedure, we solve a numerical example considering eBay as online platform.
Plans, Open Future and the Prospects for a Good Life
Authors: Steinfath Holmer
Published: March 2023

How we live our lives depends on how we relate to our past, present and future. The article focusses on the relation to our future. The target of my critique is a “planning conception” that imagines the future as a realm that we can rationally plan and form in light of our ends. In the first section I present an outline of the planning conception, building on Bratman’s planning theory and Rawls’ idea of a life plan. The second section highlights the attractions of the planning conception. I argue that this conception offers a prima facie intriguing view of the temporality of human life. It promises a life in which we can control the passage of time. The third section reveals severe limitations of the planning conception. I question the claim that plans are central to our self-understanding and to a good life. The planning conception tends to distort the temporality of human life with respect to past, present and future. Given this diagnosis, I sketch an alternative in the last section of the paper. I explore the temporal specifics of ways of understanding oneself as a person and argue that both the formation and the very form of these ‘ways of being’ do not follow the logic of planning.
Effect of post-harvest processing methods on the microbial safety of edible seaweed
Authors: Vorse Jessica G. , Moody Colleen T. , Massoia Lyle C. , Perry Jennifer J. , Burkholder Kristin M. , Byron Carrie J.
Published: March 2023

The American seaweed industry is growing, primarily into the edible sector, and more seaweed products are available for human consumption. It is necessary to evaluate the safety of industry’s current post-harvest storage and processing methods to ensure the risk of foodborne pathogens on edible seaweed remains low. We evaluated the pathogen load of edible kelp post-harvest under three different storage temperatures (4˚C, 10˚C, 20˚C) and two different drying methods (air- and freeze-drying). The focal pathogens for this research included: Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, pathogenic Escherichia coli, Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. We tested all six pathogens under each treatment condition on both sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) and rockweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) as these are the most commonly farmed and wild-harvested species in Maine, respectively. We inoculated a known concentration of pathogen onto freshly harvested kelp, treated it under a storage temperature or drying method, and sampled it over time to determine the impact of treatment on pathogen load. Our results showed that storage at 20˚C can lead to replication while storage at 4˚C and 10˚C halted the replication of focal pathogens. Both air-drying and freeze-drying produced significant log scale reductions in surface pathogen load for all focal pathogens. Additionally, air-drying reduced pathogen load more than freeze-drying for a majority of pathogens and storing dried kelp for 6-weeks further reduced pathogen load across all cases. These results are promising for industry as they corroborate historical evidence that current post-harvest storage and processing conditions are producing products safe for human consumption.
System Action Learning: Reorientating Practice for System Change in Preventive Health
Authors: Riley Therese , Hopkins Liza , Gomez Maria , Davidson Seanna , Jacob Jessica
Published: March 2023

It is now widely accepted that many of the problems we face in public health are complex, from chronic disease to COVID-19. To grapple with such complexity, researchers have turned to both complexity science and systems thinking to better understand the problems and their context. Less work, however, has focused on the nature of complex solutions, or intervention design, when tackling complex problems. This paper explores the nature of system intervention design through case illustrations of system action learning from a large systems level chronic disease prevention study in Australia. The research team worked with community partners in the design and implementation of a process of system action learning designed to reflect on existing initiatives and to reorient practice towards responses informed by system level insights and action. We were able to observe and document changes in the mental models and actions of practitioners and in doing so shine a light on what may be possible once we turn our attention to the nature and practice of system interventions.
Diversity of greenspace design and management impacts pollinator communities in a densely urbanized landscape: the city of Paris, France
Authors: ZANINOTTO Vincent , FAUVIAU Arthur , DAJOZ Isabelle
Published: March 2023

The response of insect pollinator communities to increasing urbanization is shaped by landscape and local factors. But what about habitats that are already highly artificial? We investigated the drivers of pollinator diversity in a dense urban matrix, the city of Paris. We monitored insect pollinator communities monthly (March-October) for two consecutive years in 12 green spaces that differed in their management practices, focusing on four insect orders (Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera). Pollinator abundance and species richness were both positively tied to green space size and flowering plant species richness, but negatively linked to surrounding impervious surfaces. In addition, environmental features at both the local and landscape scales influenced the composition and functional diversity of wild bee communities. Indeed, small and large bees responded differently, with the occurrence of large-bodied species being impaired by the proportion of impervious surfaces but strongly enhanced by plant species richness. Also, sites with a majority of spontaneous plant species had more functionally diverse bee communities, with oligolectic species more likely to be found.

These results, consistent with the literature, can guide the design and management practices of urban green spaces to promote pollinator diversity and pollination function, even in dense urban environments.
The Syntax of Portuguese
Authors: Kato Mary A. , Martins Ana Maria , Nunes Jairo
Published: March 2023

Portuguese is the second most spoken Romance language in the world, and due to recent interest in comparative syntax, the literature on its syntax has increased exponentially, resulting in exciting discoveries of a range of aspects that have hitherto been overlooked. This book provides a theoretically grounded overview of the major syntactic properties of Portuguese, focusing on the differences between European and Brazilian Portuguese. It shows from a theoretical point of view how different syntactic properties are interconnected by comparing and contrasting the variances between pronominal and agreement systems, null subjects, null complements, and word order. It also highlights how small differences in the specification of syntactic properties may yield quite different dialects. It introduces key theoretical points without technical jargon, making the content accessible to specialist and non-specialists alike. It is essential reading for both academic researchers and students of Portuguese language, comparative syntax, Romance linguistics, and theoretical syntax.
India's Bangladesh Problem
Authors: Murshid Navine
Published: March 2023

In recent years, Bengali Muslims in India have faced harassment and scapegoating as the trope of the illegal Bangladeshi has gained political currency. India's Bangladesh Problem explores the experience of Bengali Muslims on the Indian side of the India–Bangladesh border in the context of neoliberal policies, unequal bilateral relations, labor migration, contested citizenship, and increasingly xenophobic government rhetoric. Drawing on extensive research in the borderlands and hinterlands of both countries, Navine Murshid argues that ever-deepening neoliberal policies across the border have shaped how certain ethnic groups are valued and have reconfigured social hierarchies. She provides new insights into the strategic inclusion, exclusion, and invisibility that characterizes Bengali Muslims' lives, rendering them a group susceptible to manipulation by virtue of their ethnic kinship to the majority of Bangladeshis. In turn, Bengali Muslims simultaneously resist and utilize received neoliberal ideas to sustain their lives and livelihoods at a time when neoliberal development has largely bypassed them.
Conversation in World Englishes
Authors: Neumaier Theresa
Published: March 2023

Turn-taking is a fascinating feature of conversational interaction, due to its systematic and ordered nature. However, research has so far focused mainly on American and British conversations, with other varieties of English receiving much less attention. This pioneering book addresses this gap by exploring turn-taking patterns and cultural variation in Southeast Asian and Caribbean English. Bringing together research from the fields of Conversation Analysis and World Englishes for the first time, Neumaier conducts an empirical study based on authentic audio data of interactions in these global varieties of English, and demonstrates that conversational strategies differ between speaker groups with different cultural backgrounds. Shedding new light on the impact of cultural and sociolinguistic factors on conversational patterns, it is essential reading for advanced students and scholars interested in language, variation, and social interaction, as well as those working in the fields of Conversation Analysis, Interactional Linguistics, and World Englishes.
Analysis of the traffic conflict situation for speed probability distributions
Authors: Öreg Zs. , Shin H.-S. , Tsourdos A.
Published: March 2023

The increasingly widespread application of drones and the emergence of urban air mobility leads to a challenging question in airspace modernisation: how to create a safe and scalable air traffic management system that can handle the expected density of operations. Increasing the number of vehicles in a given airspace volume and enabling routine operations are essential for these services to be economically viable. However, a higher density of operations increases risks, poses a great challenge for coordination and necessitates the development of a novel solution for traffic management. This paper contributes to the research towards such a strategy and the field of airspace management by calculating and analysing the conflict probability in an en-route, free-flight scenario for autonomous vehicles. Analytical methods are used to determine the directional dependence of conflict probabilities for exponential and normal prescribed speed probability distributions. The notions of geometric and speed conflict are introduced and distinguished throughout the calculations of the paper. The effect of truncating the set of available flight speeds is also investigated. The sensitivity of the calculated results to speed and heading perturbations is studied within the analytical framework and verified by numerical simulations. Results enable a fresh approach to conflict detection and resolution through distribution shaping and are intended to be used in an integrated, stochastic coordination framework.
Alzheimer’s Disease and COVID-19 Pathogenic Overlap: Implications for Drug Repurposing
Authors: Golzari-Sorkheh Mahdieh , Liyanage Imindu , Reed Mark A. , Weaver Donald F.
Published: March 2023

As COVID-19 continues, a safe, cost-effective treatment strategy demands continued inquiry. Chronic neuroinflammatory disorders may appear to be of little relevance in this regard; often indolent and progressive disorders characterized by neuroinflammation (such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD)) are fundamentally dissimilar in etiology and symptomology to COVID-19’s rapid infectivity and pathology. However, the two disorders share extensive pathognomonic features, including at membrane, cytoplasmic, and extracellular levels, culminating in analogous immunogenic destruction of their respective organ parenchyma. We hypothesize that these mechanistic similarities may extent to therapeutic targets, namely that it is conceivable an agent against AD’s immunopathy may have efficacy against COVID-19 and vice versa. It is notable that while extensively investigated, no agent has yet demonstrated significant therapeutic efficacy against AD’s cognitive and memory declines. Yet this very failure has driven the development of numerous agents with strong mechanistic potential and clinical characteristics. Having already approved for clinical trials, these agents may be an expedient starting point in the urgent search for an effective COVID-19 therapy. Herein, we review the overlapping Alzheimer’s/ COVID-19 targets and theorize several initial platforms.
What do data portals do? Tracing the politics of online devices for making data public
Authors: Gray Jonathan W.Y.
Published: March 2023

The past decade has seen the rise of “data portals” as online devices for making data public. They have been accorded a prominent status in political speeches, policy documents, and official communications as sites of innovation, transparency, accountability, and participation. Drawing on research on data portals around the world, data portal software, and associated infrastructures, this paper explores three approaches for studying the social life of data portals as technopolitical devices: (a) interface analysis, (b) software analysis, and (c) metadata analysis. These three approaches contribute to the study of the social lives of data portals as dynamic, heterogeneous, and contested sites of public sector datafication. They are intended to contribute to critically assessing how participation around public sector datafication is invited and organized with portals, as well as to rethinking and recomposing them.
Autophagic mechanisms in longevity intervention: role of natural active compounds
Authors: Taban Akça Kevser , Çınar Ayan İlknur , Çetinkaya Sümeyra , Miser Salihoğlu Ece , Süntar İpek
Published: March 2023

The term ‘autophagy’ literally translates to ‘self-eating’ and alterations to autophagy have been identified as one of the several molecular changes that occur with aging in a variety of species. Autophagy and aging, have a complicated and multifaceted relationship that has recently come to light thanks to breakthroughs in our understanding of the various substrates of autophagy on tissue homoeostasis. Several studies have been conducted to reveal the relationship between autophagy and age-related diseases. The present review looks at a few new aspects of autophagy and speculates on how they might be connected to both aging and the onset and progression of disease. Additionally, we go over the most recent preclinical data supporting the use of autophagy modulators as age-related illnesses including cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic dysfunction. It is crucial to discover important targets in the autophagy pathway in order to create innovative therapies that effectively target autophagy. Natural products have pharmacological properties that can be therapeutically advantageous for the treatment of several diseases and they also serve as valuable sources of inspiration for the development of possible new small-molecule drugs. Indeed, recent scientific studies have shown that several natural products including alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, and phenolics, have the ability to alter a number of important autophagic signalling pathways and exert therapeutic effects, thus, a wide range of potential targets in various stages of autophagy have been discovered. In this review, we summarised the naturally occurring active compounds that may control the autophagic signalling pathways.
Millijoule ultrafast optical parametric amplification as replacement for high-gain regenerative amplifiers
Authors: Zobus Yannik , Brabetz Christian , Hornung Johannes , Ohland Jonas B. , Reemts Dirk , Zou Ji-Ping , Loeser Markus , Albach Daniel , Schramm Ulrich , Bagnoud Vincent
Published: March 2023

We report on the development of an ultrafast optical parametric amplifier front-end for the Petawatt High Energy Laser for heavy Ion eXperiments (PHELIX) and the Petawatt ENergy-Efficient Laser for Optical Plasma Experiments (PEnELOPE) facilities. This front-end delivers broadband and stable amplification up to 1 mJ per pulse while maintaining a high beam quality. Its implementation at PHELIX allowed one to bypass the front-end amplifier, which is known to be a source of pre-pulses. With the bypass, an amplified spontaneous emission contrast of

$4.9\times {10}^{-13}$

and a pre-pulse contrast of

$6.2\times {10}^{-11}$

could be realized. Due to its high stability, high beam quality and its versatile pump amplifier, the system offers an alternative for high-gain regenerative amplifiers in the front-end of various laser systems.
Strategic Adaptation in a Crisis: Treatment Court Responses to COVID-19
Authors: Rowen Jamie
Published: March 2023

This article draws on a case study of how Massachusetts treatment courts responded to the COVID-19 pandemic to address two intersecting theoretical and policy questions: (1) How do actors who work within criminal legal organizations use the law to solve complex social and political problems? (2) How do organizations working within multiple, fragmented organizational fields respond to an exogenous shock? The findings draw on interviews with eighty-four treatment court judges and practitioners and build from neo-institutional approaches to the study of courts to show that legal actors and organizations pursue pragmatic approaches, strategically adapting to their external environments through buffering, which is protective, and innovation, which is transformative. Each strategy reflects the courts’ autonomy or dependence on other organizations in the criminal legal and social service fields. The findings also provide insight into the social process of legitimation as personnel aligned beliefs with adaptation strategies, shifting understandings of surveillance practices and the utility of sanctions to meet overall court goals.
Goats, materials and uncertainty in Nairobi
Authors: Fontein Joost
Published: March 2023

Kiamaiko in Nairobi hosts one of the largest goat markets in East Africa. The goats come from across Kenya and the region, as do many of the people there, illustrating how regional movements of human and animal bodies are part of Nairobi’s becoming, and making Kiamaiko an extremely diverse part of the city. Through a discussion of the working lives of people involved in Kiamaiko’s goat meat industry, this article explores the material flows and blockages, and processes of containment and transformation, that entangle lives and livelihoods in Kiamaiko with those of the city as a whole. These flows and processes are marked by uncertainties and contingencies that can be both full of potentiality for (re)forging regimes of order, social relations, subjectivities, mobility and livelihood aspirations, and entrench inequalities, social hierarchies and exclusions, as well as undermine the safe containment of material forms essential for liveable lives. Since the mid-2000s, city authorities have repeatedly failed to impose planning and public health-related regulations and relocation on Kiamaiko’s goat industry. These efforts and their repeated failure reflect the emergent but productive excessivities of the material, corporeal and bodily flows that constitute cities, which both demand and yet often defy formal mechanisms of regulation, containment and order.
Tasting ‘kienyeji’: gustatory explorations of city futures in Nakuru, Kenya
Authors: Rahier Nick
Published: March 2023

In Nakuru, a secondary city in Kenya, the city’s future is explored multi-sensorially. In this article, I argue that Nakuru residents explore urban futures through the taste of different kinds of foods. I examine how the relational power of taste not only triggers visceral imaginaries of greener and ‘cooler’ futures in which bodies and landscapes grow more ample, lush and healthy but also invokes memories of, and nostalgia for, pasts in which the entanglements of foods were configured differently, often explained as more ‘authentic’ and ‘clean’ (safi). I argue against vision as the most important sense-making tool to look back at lost pasts and to ‘imagine’ healthier urban futures. Instead, I demonstrate how futures in Nakuru are experienced and given shape by engaging in critical gustatory explorations of the real, tangible materialities of different kinds of food that flow through the city.
City of icebergs: materiality, surface and depth in Nairobi’s built environment
Authors: Smith Constance
Published: March 2023

This article considers the materiality and substance of the built environment in Nairobi in light of concerns about surface, depth and the power of the unseen. Taking Nairobi’s high-rise construction boom and a recent spate of collapsed buildings as its starting point, it examines how longstanding ideas about the hidden and invisible dynamics of African cities do not operate in a realm distinct from the material world, but often stem from it: the stuff from which the city is made generates thought and action. High-rise buildings are sometimes described as ‘icebergs’ (structures where much of what is going on is under the surface) or as ‘fakes’ (buildings that superficially promise something, but that are qualitatively and morally suspect). Exploring Nairobi’s construction industry from sites of building collapse, I show how an emerging vertical materiality in the city’s built environment drives debates about deception, (im)moral economies and popular suspicions of power, complicating discourses about the relationship of surface to underneath. I examine how Nairobi’s frail buildings induce anxieties about the seen and the unseen, illuminating how the materials of verticality are entangled in economies of deception.
Crafting a nation, fishing for power: The Universal Exposition of 1906 and fisheries governance in Late Qing China
Authors: Po Ronald C.
Published: March 2023

The 1906 Universal Exposition hosted in Milan was a defining moment for the late Qing in terms of its fisheries development. The exhibition not only allowed China to portray its strategic focus on its fisheries but also its determination to be seen as a modernized and progressive sea power in Asia. China’s involvement in this world’s fair also paralleled the process of political and economic consolidation of some of the country’s intellectuals at the turn of the nineteenth century. These intellectuals’ accumulated experience, common goals, and international consciousness made it possible to assemble a group of professional experts I refer to as the ‘new fisheries elites’, who were able to construct the image of China as a modern fisheries power, if not a sea power, at various levels. The first part of this article will situate this exposition within the final two decades of the Qing Empire in the context of the political, social, and cultural transformation that was taking place around the world at the time. China’s presence at the world’s fair during this period displayed the adjustments of a changing and dynamic national image in terms of both its national circumstances and its international situation. The second part will then move on to discuss in what ways the Milan exposition was conceived by elites such as Zhang Jian, Luo Cheng, and Guo Fengming as a paradigmatic setting in which to showcase China’s drive toward modernity and becoming a sea power. Although China had participated in several other universal expositions, the Qing court had clearer and more pragmatic objectives in its participation in Milan in 1906. This was to demonstrate its recent progress and to change the common impression of China as an insecure, inexperienced, and incompetent country in terms of its fisheries governance and maritime vision. To produce this image, Zhang Jian and his team undertook a sensible and impressive approach towards presenting to the world China’s maritime awareness and the long historical continuity between this country and the sea. This was a conscious effort to produce an ideal of what a modern, progressive maritime China should look like.
Transjugular patent foramen ovale closure in a young patient with stroke caused by inferior vena cava thrombus: a different method with balloon anchor support to pulmonary vein
Authors: Özdemir Emre , Gürsoy Mustafa Ozan , Nazlı Cem
Published: March 2023

Patent foramen ovale closure is recommended for patients who are at risk for recurrent paradoxical embolism and cryptogenic stroke. The standard technique of patent foramen ovale closure is established from the femoral vein. However, alternative methods may be necessary for patent foramen ovale closure as in every interventional procedure. A 45-year-old female patient with an intramural giant uterine myoma had a history of recurrent deep vein thrombosis and stroke. A diffuse thrombus was detected in both iliac veins associated with inferior vena cava compression of the myoma. Also, a patent foramen ovale was revealed on echocardiography as a cause of embolic events. Hysterectomy was initially planned by gynaecology, but due to the possible risk of embolisation of inferior vena cava thrombus and stroke after removal of the compressive mass during hysterectomy, initial patent foramen ovale closure and then hysterectomy was scheduled in the Gynecology-Cardiology-Cardivascular Surgery council. Patent foramen ovale closure was performed via the right jugular vein approach. But because of the tight left atrial ostium of the patent foramen ovale, the catheter could not pass to the left atrium from the right atrium. With an anchor of a 5.0 × 15 mm coronary balloon over a 0.014-inch guidewire to the pulmonary vein, we were able to reach the left atrium. The patent foramen ovale was closed successfully, and the patient underwent a hysterectomy after closure without any embolic event. The patient was asymptomatic at 6 months of control.
State making, political sustainability, and critical crisis: a historical and theoretical perspective from Qing China
Authors: Wang Wensheng
Published: March 2023

This article aims to strengthen the link between history and theory by contributing to the scholarly conversation on “an integrated historical social science.” By examining the case of Qing China, it introduces a historically oriented and theoretically informed research agenda and toolkit for studying state making through the interactive lens of political sustainability and critical crisis. Using two historical upheavals as a prism, this article shows how destructive crises can have the unintended consequence of facilitating empire building and fostering political sustainability. Furthermore, it draws on theoretical insights from political science and sociology to construct a general framework for measuring the sustainability of political development and explaining the complex role of great crisis. This interdisciplinary model not only sheds new lights on the causative role of event, conjuncture, and structure but also enriches existing approaches to comparative historical analysis in general and state making in particular.
Entwicklung und Überprüfung einer Kurzskala zur Messung akademischen Betrugsverhaltens im Selbstbericht
Authors: Janke Stefan , Fritz Tanja , Cruz Hernán González , Rudert Selma C. , Daumiller und Martin
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung: Akademisches Betrugsverhalten ist ein bedeutsames Phänomen, zu dessen Prävalenz und Randbedingungen im Hochschulsektor deutliche Forschungslücken bestehen, insbesondere aufgrund Ermangelung valider und ökonomischer Selbstberichtsmaße. Die vorliegende Kurzskala zur Erfassung akademischen Betrugsverhaltens soll unter Bedingung hoher Testökonomie eine verhaltensbezogene Erfassung von akademischen Betrugsverhalten im Selbstbericht ermöglichen. Die Itemgenese orientierte sich an umfassenden englischsprachigen Verhaltensinventaren. Insgesamt werden mit jeweils einem Item die zentralen Komponenten „Nutzung unerlaubter Hilfsmittel und Hilfestellungen“, „Plagiarismus“ und „Täuschung zur eigenen Vorteilnahme“ erfasst. Analysen zur Testgüte des 3-Item-Maßes in einer Stichprobe von N = 1 994 Studierenden zeigen eine akzeptable interne Konsistenz und ein deutliches Muster konvergenter Validität (Assoziationen mit umfassenderen Verhaltensinventaren und der Persönlichkeitseigenschaft Ehrlichkeit / Bescheidenheit). Konfirmatorische Faktoranalysen verdeutlichen, dass sich die Skala für die latente Modellierung des Konstruktes eignet und sie messinvariant für verschiedene Fachgruppen sowie Geschlechter ist. In der Summe bietet die vorgestellte Kurzskala eine verhaltensbezogene, ökonomische und reliable Messung akademischen Betrugsverhaltens.