bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Social Imagination of Homosexuality and the Rise of Same-sex Marriage in the United States
Authors: Hart-Brinson Peter
Published: February 2016

The author argues that the increase in support for same-sex marriage in the United States must be interpreted in light of the changing social imagination of homosexuality. The author measures the social imagination at the micro level by comparing the frequencies and semantic contexts in which two cohorts use metaphors and analogies to talk about same-sex marriage. Younger informants articulate them in ways that characterize homosexuality as identity, whereas older informants characterize homosexuality as behavior. Because the former image replaced the latter as hegemonic, cohorts coming of age after 1990 tend to support same-sex marriage, and older cohorts are changing their attitudes.
Touching Lives of People Through the Holistic Mission Work of the Buntains in Calcutta, India
Authors: Ma Julie C.
Published: February 2016

The works of the Buntains in Calcutta, India from the 1950s among the poor, marginalized, sick, hungry, and abandoned represents the Pentecostal holistic approach to Christian mission. With the establishment of hospitals and schools, in addition to the relief programs, their ministries exemplify an important area of Pentecostal mission, along with evangelism and church planting through the emphasis on supernatural work of the Holy Spirit, e.g., healing and miracles. A Pentecostal characteristic of this ministry was prayer and faith as the spiritual foundation of the work, often when faced with financial pressures. In the process, many were converted to Christianity. This type of Pentecostal mission has been widely practiced but with little theological reflection.
Christianity 2016: Latin America and Projecting Religions to 2050
Authors: Johnson Todd M. , Zurlo Gina A. , Hickman Albert W. , Crossing Peter F.
Published: February 2016

In 2014, Latin America passed Europe as the continent with the most Christians. In 1900, Europe had six times as many Christians as Latin America. Looking ahead to 2025, however, Latin America is likely to be surpassed by Africa with 628 million in the former and more than 700 million in the latter. We also project that by 2050, Asia will surpass Europe in the number of Christians. Each of the three continents in the Global South could outnumber Europe, together representing nearly 80% of all Christians (from just over 20% in 1900).
Constructing Latin American Missiology
Authors: George Sherron
Published: February 2016

Latin American missiologists have moved beyond the deconstruction of oppressive imperialistic models to the construction of creative contextual missiologies. Important building blocks are liberation, context, dialogue, integral mission, and a kingdom perspective. This article presents the contributions of five missiologists in this process. René Padilla and Samuel Escobar articulate holistic mission. Leonardo Boff develops a liberation model of planetary care based on the Trinity. Roberto Zwetsch brings new nuances to compassion in an intercultural paradigm. David Oliveira focuses on transformative diaconia. It invites all to learn from Latin American missiologies, which can facilitate interdependence and partnerships in the global church.
Embodying Memories: Early Bible Translations in Tranquebar and Serampore
Authors: Jeyaraj Daniel
Published: February 2016

Textual translations embody particular socio-cultural memories of their languages and also of their host languages. Communities of readers, leading meaning makers, and interpreters determine the continuing and discontinuing memories embodied in the translated texts. Early eighteenth-century translation of the Bible into Tamil by the German Lutheran Pietists in Tranquebar and into Bengali and Sanskrit by the British Baptists in Serampore illustrate these principles. Building on what the Roman Catholic missionaries had translated earlier, the Lutherans and the Baptists helped their Indian readers to hear biblical characters speaking their languages and even creatively engaging with their socio-cultural and religious memories.
Fad or Renaissance? Misconceptions of the Orality Movement
Authors: Moon W. Jay
Published: February 2016

Seventy percent of the world’s population cannot or chooses not to read! This astounding observation prompted the rise of the orality movement to help missionaries understand and reach oral learners. This article summarizes the recent orality movement by addressing questions that have arisen related to orality, such as: How far-reaching is this movement? Isn’t the orality discussion simply about storytelling and auditory learning? How do print and oral learning interact? Are there implications for Western cultures influenced by digital media? To address these questions, this article identifies six common misconceptions about the orality movement and concludes with missiological implications.
Colinowensite, BaCuSi2O6, a new mineral from the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa and new data on wesselsite, SrCuSi4O10
Authors: Rieck B. , Pristacz H. , Giester G.
Published: February 2016

A new silicate, colinowensite, BaCuSi2O6, has been found in the Wessels mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. It is associated with effenbergerite, wesselsite, lavinskyite, scottyite, diegogattaite, as well as with pectolite, quartz, aegirine, richterite, minerals of the garnet group and a number of different manganese and iron oxides, especially hausmannite and hematite. The mineral was named for the mineral collector and finder of the new species, Colin R. Owens, of Somerset West, South Africa. Colinowensite is brittle, with uneven fracture, and the estimated Mohs hardness is ∼4. It occurs as subhedral crystals <100 μm in size. The forms {100} and {110} are observed while {001} is always present in cleavage plates. The calculated density is 4.236 g cm–3. It is the natural analogue of the synthetic pigmentreferred to as Chinese or Han purple, which is found on artifacts from ancient and imperial China. The mineral is of dark blue to purple colour, with a purple streak, and is uniaxial (–), with ω = 1.740 (20), ε = 1.735 (20) (420 nm) and ω = 1.745 (20), ε = 1.730(20) (650 nm). The lustre is vitreous and no fluorescence is observed under either shortwave or longwave ultraviolet radiation. Avery strong pleochroism occurs from purple along the c axis to blue in a perpendicular direction. Colinowensite is not soluble in acids except HF. Electron microprobe analyses gave an average composition (wt.%) of CuO 22.53, BaO 43.43 and SiO2 34.04 yielding the empirical formula (based on 6 O a.p.f.u.) BaCuSi2O6. The new mineral is tetragonal, space group I41/acd with Z = 16, anda = 9.967(1), c = 22.290 (2) Å. Colinowensite is a cyclosilicate with [Si4O12]8– 4-membered single rings, arranged in sheets parallel to (001). The structure is further characterized by CuO4 squares sharing corners with four neighbouring silicate rings within a sheet. Ba2+ cations are bonded to ten O atoms in irregular coordination. Average Si–O, Cu–O and Ba–O bond lengths are 1.619, 1.934 and 2.943 Å, respectively. Colinowensite belongs to subdivision 9. CE of the Strunz Mineralogical Tables. In addition, based on single-crystal X-ray work, new structural data for wesselsite of chemical composition Sr0.9Ba0.1CuSi4O10 are provided.
Occurrence of Fe3+ and formation process of precipitates within oxidized olivine phenocrysts in basalt lava from Kuroshima volcano, Goto islands, Nagasaki, Japan
Authors: Ejima T. , Akasaka M. , Nagao T. , Ohfuji H.
Published: February 2016

The oxidation state of Fe and precipitates within olivine phenocrysts from an olivine-basalt from Kuroshima volcano, Goto Islands, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, were determined using electron microprobe analysis, 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy, to examine the formation process of the Fe-bearing precipitates.

The average Fo content of the olivine phenocrysts is 76.2 mol.%. The olivine phenocrysts occasionally have precipitate minerals at their rims, especially on rims near vesicles. The 57Fe Mössbauer spectrum of olivine separates consists of two doublets assigned to Fe2+ at the octahedral M1 and M2 sites, and a Fe3+ doublet at the M1 and M2 sites. The Fe2+:Fe3+ ratio is 90(5):10(1). The precipitates at the rims of the olivine phenocrysts consistof magnetite and enstatite showing coaxial relations with host olivine, and grow parallel to the olivine c axis. Moreover, clusters consisting of nanoscale domains of a few tens of nm in size occur in the host olivine. Their rounded form and appearance in transmission electron microscope images are similar to those of the magnetite precipitates, but they have an olivine structure and can be regarded as embryos of magnetite within the olivine.

The oxidation process of olivine phenocrysts under cooling conditions is: (1) formation of magnetite embryos on the rims of olivinephenocrysts; (2) formation of enstatite-like pyroxene domains by depletion of Fe in olivine due to the generation of magnetite embryos; (3) crystallization of magnetite and enstatite-like pyroxene precipitates.
Bettertonite, [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5]·11H2O, a new mineral from the Penberthy Croft mine, St. Hilary, Cornwall, UK, with a structure based on polyoxometalate clusters
Authors: Grey I.E. , Kampf A.R. , Price J.R. , Macrae C.M.
Published: February 2016

Bettertonite, ideally [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5]·11H2O, is a new mineral from the Penberthy Croft mine, St. Hilary, Cornwall, England, UK. It occurs as tufts of white, ultrathin (sub-micrometre) rectangular laths, with lateral dimensions generally <20 μm. The laths are flattened on {010} and exhibit the forms {010}, {100} and {001}. The mineral is associated closely with arsenopyrite, chamosite, liskeardite, pharmacoalumite, pharmacosiderite and quartz. Bettertonite is translucent with a white streak and a vitreous to pearly, somewhat silky lustre. The calculated density is 2.02 g/cm3. Optically, bettertonite is biaxial positive with α = 1.511(1), β = 1.517(1), γ = 1.523(1) (in white light). The optical orientation is X = c, Y= b, Z = a. Pleochroism was not observed. Electron microprobe analyses (average of 4) with H2O calculated on structural grounds and analyses normalized to 100% gave Al2O3 = 29.5, Fe2O3 = 2.0, As2O5= 30.1, SO3 = 1.8, Cl = 0.5, H2O = 36.2. The empirical formula, based on 9 metal atoms is Al5.86Fe0.26(AsO4)2.65(SO4)0.23(OH)9.82Cl0.13(H2O)15.5. Bettertoniteis monoclinic, space group P21/c with unit-cell dimensions (100 K): a = 7.773(2), b = 26.991(5), c = 15.867(3) Å, β = 94.22(3)°. The strongest lines in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern are [dobs in Å(I)(hkl)] 13.648(100)(011); 13.505(50) (020); 7.805(50)(031); 7.461(30)(110); 5.880(20)(130); 3.589(20)(02); 2.857(14)(182). The structure of bettertonite was solved and refined to R1 = 0.083 for 2164 observed (I > 2σ(I)) reflections to a resolutionof 1 Å. Bettertonite has a heteropolyhedral layer structure, with the layers parallel to (010). The layers are strongly undulating and their stacking produces large channels along [100] that are filled with water molecules. The basic building block in the layers is a hexagonal ring ofedge-shared octahedra with an AsO4 tetrahedron attached to one side of the ring by corner-sharing. These polyoxometalate clusters, of composition [AsAl6O11(OH)9(H2O)5]8–, are interconnected along [100] and [001]by corner-sharing with other AsO4 tetrahedra.
A survey of wild plant species for food use in Sicily (Italy) – results of a 3-year study in four Regional Parks
Authors: Licata Mario , Tuttolomondo Teresa , Leto Claudio , Virga Giuseppe , Bonsangue Giuseppe , Cammalleri Ignazio , Gennaro Maria Cristina , La Bella Salvatore
Published: February 2016

Background

This paper illustrates the results of a study carried out in four Regional Parks of Sicily (Italy), concerning traditional knowledge on food use of wild plant species. The main aims of the paper were: (i) to verify which wild plant species are used for food purpose in the local culture based on information provided by elderly inhabitants (ii) to verify the presence of wild plant species which have not been cited for food use in previous studies in the Mediterranean area (iii) to determine how many of the most frequently cited wild plant species are cultivated by the local population in the four Sicilian Parks.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were carried out in the local communities of the four Regional Parks between 2007 and 2010. A total of 802 people over the age of 60 were interviewed. Cultural Importance Index was used to evaluate the level of importance given to any wild plant species as a food in the local culture. The level of appreciation of the wild plant species and the possible effects of wild plants on human health were also investigated.

Results

Local communities currently use a total number of 119 wild species for food purposes. Asteraceae and Brassicaceae were the most represented botanical families. In each of the four Sicilian Parks, Cichorium intybus L. and Foeniculum vulgare Mill. obtained the highest Cultural Importance Index values. Sixty-four species were indicated as also having medicinal properties. Leaves and other aerial plant parts were the parts most-used for the preparation of traditional recipes.

Conclusions

The research shows that the level of traditional knowledge on the food uses of wild plant species in the study area is poor. The food uses of plants which are most likely to survive over time are those at the interface of food and medicine. Further agronomic studies are needed for a number of species with a view to introducing them as a crop into non-intensive agricultural systems.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Robust method for TALEN-edited correction of pF508del in patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Camarasa María Vicenta , Gálvez Víctor Miguel
Published: February 2016

Cystic fibrosis is one of the most frequent inherited rare diseases, caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene. Apart from symptomatic treatments, therapeutic protocols for curing the disease have not yet been established. The regeneration of genetically corrected, disease-free epithelia in cystic fibrosis patients is envisioned by designing a stem cell/genetic therapy in which patient-derived pluripotent stem cells are genetically corrected, from which target tissues are derived. In this framework, we present an efficient method for seamless correction of pF508del mutation in patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells by gene edited homologous recombination. Gene edition has been performed by transcription activator-like effector nucleases and a homologous recombination donor vector which contains a PiggyBac transposon-based double selectable marker cassette.

This new method has been designed to partially avoid xenobiotics from the culture system, improve cell culture efficiency and genome stability by using a robust culture system method, and optimize timings. Overall, once the pluripotent cells have been amplified for the first nucleofection, the procedure can be completed in 69 days, and can be easily adapted to edit and change any gene of interest.
Human lung-derived mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium exerts in vitro antitumor effects in malignant pleural mesothelioma cell lines
Authors: Cortes-Dericks Lourdes , Froment Laurene , Kocher Gregor , Schmid Ralph A.
Published: February 2016

Background

The soluble factors secreted by mesenchymal stem cells are thought to either support or inhibit tumor growth. Herein, we investigated whether the human lung-derived mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (hlMSC-CM) exerts antitumor activity in malignant pleural mesothelioma cell lines H28, H2052 and Meso4.

Methods

hlMSC-CM was collected from the human lung-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Inhibition of tumor cell growth was based on the reduction of cell viability and inhibition of cell proliferation using the XTT and BrdU assays, respectively. Elimination of tumor spheroids was assessed by the anchorage-independent sphere formation assay. The cytokine profile of hlMSC-CM was determined by a chemiluminescence-based cytokine array.

Results

Our data showed that hlMSC-CM contains a broad range of soluble factors which include: cytokines, chemokines, hormones, growth and angiogenic factors, matrix metalloproteinases, metalloproteinase inhibitors and cell–cell mediator proteins. The 48- and 72-hour hlMSC-CM treatments of H28, H2052 and Meso4 cell lines elicited significant decreases in cell viability and inhibited cell proliferation. The 72-hour hlMSC-CM incubation of H28 cells completely eliminated the drug-resistant sphere-forming cells, which is more potent than twice the half maximal inhibitory concentration of cisplatin.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that the cell-free hlMSC-CM confers in vitro antitumor activities via soluble factors in the tested mesothelioma cells and, hence, may serve as a therapeutic tool to augment the current treatment strategies in malignant pleural mesothelioma.
Whole genome sequence analysis of BT-474 using complete Genomics' standard and long fragment read technologies
Authors: Ciotlos Serban , Mao Qing , Zhang Rebecca Yu , Li Zhenyu , Chin Robert , Gulbahce Natali , Liu Sophie Jia , Drmanac Radoje , Peters Brock A
Published: February 2016

Background

The cell line BT-474 is a popular cell line for studying the biology of cancer and developing novel drugs. However, there is no complete, published genome sequence for this highly utilized scientific resource. In this study we sought to provide a comprehensive and useful data set for the scientific community by generating a whole genome sequence for BT-474.

Findings

Five μg of genomic DNA, isolated from an early passage of the BT-474 cell line, was used to generate a whole genome sequence (114X coverage) using Complete Genomics' standard sequencing process. To provide additional variant phasing and structural variation data we also processed and analyzed two separate libraries of 5 and 6 individual cells to depths of 99X and 87X, respectively, using Complete Genomics' Long Fragment Read (LFR) technology.

Conclusions

BT-474 is a highly aneuploid cell line with an extremely complex genome sequence. This ~300X total coverage genome sequence provides a more complete understanding of this highly utilized cell line at the genomic level.
Evaluation of the utricular and saccular function using oVEMPs and cVEMPs in BPPV patients
Authors: Xu Hui , Liang Fa-ya , Chen Liang , Song Xi-cheng , Tong Michael Chi Fai , Thong Jiun Fong , Zhang Qing-quan , Sun Yan
Published: February 2016

Background

It is well-known that ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMPs) predominantly reflect utricular function whilst cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) reflect saccular function. To date, there are no published reports on the systemic evaluation of utricular and saccular function in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), nor are there any reports on the differences in VEMPs between patients with recurrent and non-recurrent BPPV. The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference in cervical and ocular (c/o)VEMPs between patients with BPPV and normal controls, as well as between patients with recurrent and non-recurrent BPPV.

Methods

Thirty patients with posterior canal BPPV and 30 healthy subjects (as normal controls) were prospectively enrolled. cVEMP and oVEMP testing using 500 Hz tone-burst stimuli were performed on all. VEMP tests were repeated 3 times on each subject to ensure reliability and reproducibility of responses. VEMPs were defined as present or absent. Abnormal VEMP was defined by lack of VEMP response.

Results

In the control group, abnormal cVEMPs responses were detected in 6.67 % and abnormal oVEMPs responses were detected in 3.34 %. In BPPV patients (10 with recurrent BPPV, 20 with non-recurrent BPPV), abnormal cVEMPs responses were detected in 30 % and abnormal oVEMPs responses were detected in 56.7 %. More patients with BPPV showed abnormal responses in c/oVEMPs as compared to the control group ( p < 0.05). oVEMPs was more often abnormal as compared to cVEMPs in BPPV patients ( p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference between abnormal cVEMP responses in non-recurrent BPPV patients (25 %) and recurrent BPPV patients (40 %) ( p > 0.05). Differences in abnormal oVEMP responses (non-recurrent BPPV, 40 %; recurrent BPPV, 90 %) were significant ( p < 0.05).

Conclusion

An increased occurrence of abnormal c/oVEMP recordings appeared in BPPV patients, possibly as a result of degeneration of the otolith macula. oVEMPs were more often abnormal in BPPV patients as compared to cVEMPs, suggesting that utricular dysfunction may be more common than saccular dysfunction. Furthermore, oVEMP abnormalities in the recurrent BPPV group were significantly higher than those in the non-recurrent BPPV group. Assessment of c/oVEMPs in BPPV patients may therefore be of prognostic value in predicting likelihood of BPPV recurrence.
Determinants of Early Mortality Among 37,568 Patients With Colon Cancer Who Participated in 25 Clinical Trials From the Adjuvant Colon Cancer Endpoints Database
Authors: Cheung Winson Y. , Renfro Lindsay A. , Kerr David , de Gramont Aimery , Saltz Leonard B. , Grothey Axel , Alberts Steven R. , Andre Thierry , Guthrie Katherine A. , Labianca Roberto , Francini Guido , Seitz Jean-Francois , O’Callaghan Chris , Twelves Chris , Van Cutsem Eric , Haller Daniel G. , Yothers Greg , Sargent Daniel J.
Published: February 2016

Purpose

Factors associated with early mortality after surgery and treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy in colon cancer are poorly understood. We aimed to characterize the determinants of early mortality in a large cohort of colon cancer trial participants.

Methods

A pooled analysis of 37,568 patients in 25 randomized trials of adjuvant systemic therapy was conducted. Multivariable logistic regression models with several definitions of early mortality (30, 60, and 90 days, and 6 months) were constructed, adjusting for clinically and statistically significant variables. A nomogram for 6-month mortality was developed and validated.

Results

Median age among patients was 61 years, patient demographics included 54% men and 90% White, 29% and 71% had stage II and III disease, respectively, and 79%, 20%, and 1% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (PS) of 0, 1, and ≥ 2, respectively. Early mortality was low: 0.3% at 30 days, 0.6% at 60 days, 0.8% at 90 days, and 1.4% at 6 months. Of those patients who died by 6 months post–random assignment, 40% had documented disease recurrence prior to death. Early disease recurrence was associated with a markedly increased risk of death during the first 6 months post-treatment (hazard ratio, 82.6; 95%CI, 66.9 to 102.1). In prognostic analyses, advanced age, male sex, poorer PS, increasing ratio of positive to examined lymph nodes, earlier decade of enrollment, and higher tumor stage and grade predicted a greater likelihood of early mortality, whereas treatment received was not strongly predictive. A multivariable model for 6-month mortality showed strong optimism-adjusted discrimination (concordance index, 0.73) and calibration.

Conclusion

Early mortality was infrequent but more prevalent in patients with advanced age and a PS of ≥ 2, underscoring the need to carefully consider the risk-to-benefit ratio when making treatment decisions in these subgroups.
Use of Biomarkers to Guide Decisions on Adjuvant Systemic Therapy for Women With Early-Stage Invasive Breast Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Harris Lyndsay N. , Ismaila Nofisat , McShane Lisa M. , Andre Fabrice , Collyar Deborah E. , Gonzalez-Angulo Ana M. , Hammond Elizabeth H. , Kuderer Nicole M. , Liu Minetta C. , Mennel Robert G. , Van Poznak Catherine , Bast Robert C. , Hayes Daniel F.
Published: February 2016

Purpose

To provide recommendations on appropriate use of breast tumor biomarker assay results to guide decisions on adjuvant systemic therapy for women with early-stage invasive breast cancer.

Methods

A literature search and prospectively defined study selection sought systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, prospective-retrospective studies, and prospective comparative observational studies published from 2006 through 2014. Outcomes of interest included overall survival and disease-free or recurrence-free survival. Expert panel members used informal consensus to develop evidence-based guideline recommendations.

Results

The literature search identified 50 relevant studies. One randomized clinical trial and 18 prospective-retrospective studies were found to have evaluated the clinical utility, as defined by the guideline, of specific biomarkers for guiding decisions on the need for adjuvant systemic therapy. No studies that met guideline criteria for clinical utility were found to guide choice of specific treatments or regimens.

Recommendations

In addition to estrogen and progesterone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, the panel found sufficient evidence of clinical utility for the biomarker assays Oncotype DX, EndoPredict, PAM50, Breast Cancer Index, and urokinase plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 in specific subgroups of breast cancer. No biomarker except for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 was found to guide choices of specific treatment regimens. Treatment decisions should also consider disease stage, comorbidities, and patient preferences.
Influence of the Acidic Beverage Cola on the Absorption of Erlotinib in Patients With Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: van Leeuwen Roelof W.F. , Peric Robert , Hussaarts Koen G.A.M. , Kienhuis Emma , IJzerman Nikki S. , de Bruijn Peter , van der Leest Cor , Codrington Henk , Kloover Jeroen S. , van der Holt Bronno , Aerts Joachim G. , van Gelder Teun , Mathijssen Ron H.J.
Published: February 2016

Purpose

Erlotinib depends on stomach pH for its bioavailability. When erlotinib is taken concurrently with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), stomach pH increases, which results in a clinically relevant decrease of erlotinib bioavailability. We hypothesized that this drug-drug interaction is reversed by taking erlotinib with the acidic beverage cola. The effects of cola on erlotinib bioavailability in patients not treated with a PPI were also studied.

Patients and Methods

In this randomized, cross-over, pharmacokinetic study in patients with non–small-cell lung cancer, we studied intrapatient differences in absorption (area under the plasma concentration time curve [AUC0-12h]) after a 7-day period of concomitant treatment with erlotinib, with or without esomeprazole, with either cola or water. At the 7th and 14th day, patients were hospitalized for 1 day for pharmacokinetic sampling.

Results

Twenty-eight evaluable patients were included in the analysis. In patients treated with erlotinib and esomeprazole with cola, the mean AUC0-12h increased 39% (range, −12% to 136%; P = .004), whereas in patients not treated with the PPI, the mean AUC0-12h was only slightly higher (9%; range, −10% to +30%; P = .03) after erlotinib intake with cola.

Conclusion

Cola intake led to a clinically relevant and statistically significant increase in the bioavailability of erlotinib during esomeprazole treatment. In patients not treated with the PPI, the effects of cola were marginal. These findings can be used to optimize the management of drug-drug interactions between PPIs and erlotinib.
Contemporary Reproductive Outcomes for Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Rees D. Aled , Jenkins-Jones Sara , Morgan Christopher L.
Published: February 2016

Context:

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility and may be associated with adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. However, it is difficult to establish how much of this risk is due to PCOS and how much to obesity.

Objective:

This study aimed to determine the effect of PCOS upon fertility, pregnancy, and neonatal outcomes.

Design and Setting:

Data were extracted from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), a longitudinal anonymized primary care research database in the United Kingdom. Patients with a diagnosis of PCOS were matched to controls (1:2) by age (±1 y), body mass index (± 3 U), and CPRD practice. Standardized fertility ratios before and after diagnosis (index date) were calculated. Rates of miscarriage, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, premature delivery, delivery method, and neonatal outcomes were compared.

Results:

Nine thousand sixty-eight women with PCOS matched study criteria. Prior to index date the standardized fertility ratio for patients with PCOS was 0.80 (95% confidence interval, 0.77–0.83); following index date it was 1.16 (1.12–1.20). The adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for miscarriage (1.70; 1.56–1.84), pre-eclampsia (1.32; 1.16–1.49), gestational diabetes (1.41; 1.2–1.66), and premature delivery (1.25; 1.1–1.43) were all increased compared with controls. Of PCOS births, 27.7% were by Caesarean section compared with 23.7% of controls (1.13; 1.05–1.21). Infants born to mothers with PCOS had an increased risk of neonatal jaundice (1.20; 1.03–1.39) and respiratory complications (1.20; 1.06–1.37).

Conclusions:

PCOS is associated with subfertility but fertility rates are restored to those of the background population following diagnosis. Pregnancy complications and adverse neonatal outcomes are more prevalent for women with PCOS independently of obesity.
The Importance of the Saphenous Nerve in Ankle Surgery
Authors: Eglitis Nicholas , Horn Jean-Louis , Benninger Brion , Nelsen Sylvia
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND:

Recent evidence suggests that the saphenous nerve may be involved in the innervation of deeper structures at the medial ankle. In this study, we sought to determine the consistency and variability of the saphenous nerve innervation at the distal tibia and medial ankle joint capsule.

METHODS:

One hundred three lower extremities from 52 embalmed cadavers were dissected to identify the deep branches of saphenous nerve along its distal course.

RESULTS:

In all specimens, the saphenous nerve had branches, emerging between 3.9 and 8.2 cm above the medial malleolus, to the periosteum of the distal tibia and the medial capsule of the ankle joint.

CONCLUSIONS:

Deep branches of the saphenous nerve innervate the periosteum of the distal tibia and talocrural capsule.
The Effects of the Toll-Like Receptor 4 Antagonist, Ibudilast, on Sevoflurane’s Minimum Alveolar Concentration and the Delayed Remifentanil-Induced Increase in the Minimum Alveolar Concentration in Rats
Authors: Ruiz-Pérez Daniel , Benito Javier , Polo Gonzalo , Largo Carlota , Aguado Delia , Sanz Luis , Gómez de Segura Ignacio A.
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND:

Ultralow doses of naloxone, an opioid and toll-like receptor 4 antagonist, blocked remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia and the associated increase in the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), but not tolerance. The aim was to determine the effects of the toll-like receptor 4 antagonist, ibudilast, on the MAC in the rat and how it might prevent the effects of remifentanil.

METHODS:

Male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 5 treatment groups (n = 7 per group): 10 mg/kg ibudilast intraperitoneally, 240 µg/kg/h remifentanil IV, ibudilast plus remifentanil, remifentanil plus naloxone IV, or saline. The sevoflurane MAC was determined 3 times in every rat and every day (days 0, 2, and 4): baseline (MAC-A) and 2 further determinations were made after treatments, 1.5 hours apart (MAC-B and MAC-C).

RESULTS:

A reduction in baseline MAC was produced on day 0 by ibudilast, remifentanil, remifentanil plus ibudilast, remifentanil plus naloxone (P < 0.01), but not saline. Similar effects were found on days 2 and 4. A tolerance to remifentanil was found on days 0, 2, and 4, which neither ibudilast nor naloxone prevented. The MAC increase produced by remifentanil on day 4 (P = 0.001) was prevented by either ibudilast or naloxone.

CONCLUSIONS:

Ibudilast, besides reducing the MAC, prevented the delayed increase in baseline MAC produced by remifentanil but not the increase in MAC caused by tolerance to remifentanil.
High Frequency Haplotypes are Expected Events, not Historical Figures
Authors: Guillot Elsa G. , Cox Murray P.
Published: February 2016

Cultural transmission of reproductive success states that successful men have more children and pass this raised fecundity to their offspring. Balaresque and colleagues found high frequency haplotypes in a Central Asian Y chromosome dataset, which they attribute to cultural transmission of reproductive success by prominent historical men, including Genghis Khan. Using coalescent simulation, we show that these high frequency haplotypes are consistent with a neutral model, where they commonly appear simply by chance. Hence, explanations invoking cultural transmission of reproductive success are statistically unnecessary.
Recent Advances in Understanding and Managing Tourette Syndrome
Authors: Thenganatt Mary Ann , Jankovic Joseph
Published: February 2016

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurologic and behavioral disorder consisting of motor and phonic tics with onset in childhood or adolescence. The severity of tics can range from barely perceptible to severely impairing due to social embarrassment, discomfort, self-injury, and interference with daily functioning and school or work performance. In addition to tics, most patients with TS have a variety of behavioral comorbidities, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Studies evaluating the pathophysiology of tics have pointed towards dysfunction of the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit, but the mechanism of this hyperkinetic movement disorder is not well understood. Treatment of TS is multidisciplinary, typically involving behavioral therapy, oral medications, and botulinum toxin injections. Deep brain stimulation may be considered for “malignant” TS that is refractory to conventional therapy. In this review, we will highlight recent developments in the understanding and management strategies of TS.
Associations between chlorophyll a and various microcystin-LR health advisory concentrations
Authors: Hollister Jeffrey W. , Kreakie Betty J.
Published: February 2016

Cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms (cHABs) are associated with a wide range of adverse health effects that stem mostly from the presence of cyanotoxins. To help protect against these impacts, several health advisory levels have been set for some toxins. In particular, one of the more common toxins, microcystin-LR, has several advisory levels set for drinking water and recreational use. However, compared to other water quality measures, field measurements of microcystin-LR are not commonly available due to cost and advanced understanding required to interpret results. Addressing these issues will take time and resources. Thus, there is utility in finding indicators of microcystin-LR that are already widely available, can be estimated quickly and in situ, and used as a first defense against high concentrations of microcystin-LR. Chlorophyll a is commonly measured, can be estimated in situ, and has been shown to be positively associated with microcystin-LR. In this paper, we use this association to provide estimates of chlorophyll a concentrations that are indicative of a higher probability of exceeding select health advisory concentrations for microcystin-LR. Using the 2007 National Lakes Assessment and a conditional probability approach, we identify chlorophyll a concentrations that are more likely than not to be associated with an exceedance of a microcystin-LR health advisory level. We look at the recent US EPA health advisories for drinking water as well as the World Health Organization levels for drinking water and recreational use and identify a range of chlorophyll a thresholds. A 50% chance of exceeding one of the microcystin-LR advisory concentrations of 0.3, 1, 1.6, and 2 g/L is associated with chlorophyll a concentration thresholds of 23.4, 67.0, 83.5, and 105.8, respectively. When managing for these various microcystin-LR levels, exceeding these reported chlorophyll a concentrations should be a trigger for further testing and possible management action.
Modern Trends in Financing of Economics and Social Development at the Regional Level
Authors: Катайкина  , Kataykina N.
Published: February 2016

The author considers one of the tools of the mechanism of regulation of social

and economic development of the human potential of the region — the budget.

In modern conditions, education, health, play a decisive role in insuring of

human well-being, development of civil society, the creation of an innovative

economy based on knowledge and high technologies. The fulfillment of this

role is possible only if development of education, health, culture, art and other

important sectors is stable and continuous and the necessary amount of

financing of their development is observed.
Environmental Activities of Enterprises for Improving Their Business Reputation and Competitiveness
Authors: Массеров  , Masserov D.
Published: February 2016

Environmental activity is considered as one of the components of the competitiveness and reputation of enterprises. The main directions of development of the environmental performance of enterprises, which assigned codes of environmental responsibility, open and systematic reporting standards of ISO 14000 are identified. It is shown that the development of environmental performance of the company contributes to the formation of the image of an environmentally responsible company that cares about its employees and society.
Fundamental Characteristics of the Lean Supply Chain
Authors: Козлов  , Kozlov A.
Published: February 2016

This article is devoted to the fundamental characteristics of lean supply chains. Lean technology is not limited to the shop floor, single factory or industrial complex. The best effect from utilizing lean technologies is can be obtained by applying them to the entire supply chain. The benefit of lean supply chains is, above all, in a more rapid response to customer demands in comparison to conventional supply chains. Reduced costs along with improved service enable all lean supply chain members to receive a significant competitive advantage on the global market.
Immport Substitution in Russian Economy: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Кошкин  , Koshkin A. , Моисеев  , Moiseev Vladimir
Published: February 2016

The article deals with the problem of import substitution under Western

sanctions caused by the events in Ukraine. The political leadership of the

Russian Federation have repeatedly raised the issue of import substitution,

and only the events of recent years have allowed to translate public policy in

this area to the positive changes to the actual implementation of programs

developed its own production of goods and technology that were previously

imported from abroad.
Transport System of Britain: Management Features and Outlook
Authors: Москалёва  , Moskaleva Anna , Савченко  , Savchenko Evgeniy , Быстрова  , Bystrova D.
Published: February 2016

The article concerns key features of functioning UK transport system and its outlook given current conditions (negative trends in EU economy and looming challenges for UK government such as pension system reform, lower quality of secondary and high education and health services).
Diagnosing and imaging renal calculi: what can be done in the pre-hospital environment?
Authors: McPherson Melinda (Dolly)
Published: February 2016

Renal colic is a common pre-hospital presentation that is often conveyed to hospital due to diagnostic uncertainty. The use of the STONE score and a greater understanding of computerised tomography (CT) requirement in the diagnostic process can aid the pre-hospital clinician in making an informed decision about the management of these patients.

Case:

A 48-year-old female presenting with symptoms of renal colic who was assessed, managed and treated at home.

Methods:

A literature search was carried out on Medline, Cinahl, BNI and Embase. In addition, searches of the NHS evidence database ( www.evidence.nhs.uk ) and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews ( www.cochrane.org ) were completed.

Results:

The search yielded 536 results, each of which were browsed for relevance, duplicates removed and their references reviewed. 16 articles were relevant to the use of CT to diagnose renal calculi and four addressed the derivation and validation of the STONE score. These were critically reviewed and conclusions drawn about their applicability to the pre-hospital environment.

Conclusions:

The STONE score, when combined with clinical judgement and if applied to the right patient group, is an appropriate clinical decision tool to identify uncomplicated renal calculi. CT imaging of this low-risk patient group is not required to confirm diagnosis; however, delayed CT scanning is required to form a management plan.
Clinical Significance of Circulating Tumor Microemboli as a Prognostic Marker in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chang Ming-Chu , Chang Yu-Ting , Chen Jia-Yang , Jeng Yung-Ming , Yang Ching-Yao , Tien Yu-Wen , Yang Shih-Hung , Chen Huai-Lu , Liang Ting-Yuan , Wang Chien-Fang , Lee Eva Y H P , Chang Ying-Chih , Lee Wen-Hwa
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND

Characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has been used to provide prognostic, predictive, and pharmacodynamic information in many different cancers. However, the clinical significance of CTCs and circulating tumor microemboli (CTM) in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has yet to be determined.

METHODS

In this prospective study, CTCs and CTM were enumerated in the peripheral blood of 63 patients with PDAC before treatment using anti-EpCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule)–conjugated supported lipid bilayer–coated microfluidic chips. Associations of CTCs and CTM with patients' clinical factors and prognosis were determined.

RESULTS

CTCs were abundant [mean (SD), 70.2 (107.6)] and present in 81% (51 of 63) of patients with PDAC. CTM were present in 81% (51 of 63) of patients with mean (SD) 29.7 (1101.4). CTM was an independent prognostic factor of overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). Patients were stratified into unfavorable and favorable CTM groups on the basis of CTM more or less than 30 per 2 mL blood, respectively. Patients with baseline unfavorable CTM, compared with patients with favorable CTM, had shorter PFS (2.7 vs 12.1 months; P < 0.0001) and OS (6.4 vs 19.8 months; P < 0.0001). Differences persisted if we stratified patients into early and advanced diseases. The number of CTM before treatment was an independent predictor of PFS and OS after adjustment for clinically significant factors.

CONCLUSIONS

The number of CTM, instead of CTCs, before treatment is an independent predictor of PFS and OS in patients with PDAC.
Construcciones preposicionales en oraciones escindidas: el valor “existencial”
Authors: Cabezas Holgado Emilio
Published: February 2016

Las oraciones escindidas han sido descritas sobre la base de la relación predicativa ‘especificativa’ en el marco de las oraciones copulativas. Sin embargo, aquellas que se encuentran encabezadas por construcciones preposicionales presentan particularidades que afectan a las propiedades de concordancia, tanto de tiempo como de número, entre el elemento focalizado y la relativa libre, de modo que el valor que debe atribuirse al verbo ser en este tipo de secuencias es propiamente predicativo. Así, podrán distinguirse dos matices semánticos en relación con el sentido “existencial” de ser: el primero concierne a la noción de ‘realidad concreta’, mientras un segundo equivale a la de ‘proceso de efectuación’, constituyendo, a partir de este contraste, modos de acción ‘atélicos’ y ‘télicos’, respectivamente.
Repensar las fronteras lingüísticas del territorio español: Melilla, entre mosaico sociológico y paradigma lingüístico
Authors: Fernández García Alicia
Published: February 2016

Este artículo presenta un estudio sociolingüístico de la ciudad de Melilla considerada, junto con Ceuta, como uno de los últimos resquicios del colonialismo español en África. Para ello, analizaremos los aspectos de la sociedad melillense que influyen en el uso de la lengua, entre los que destacamos las normas culturales y el contexto social. Melilla es una ciudad dotada de un valor único para la Sociolingüística por ser tanto un mosaico sociológico como un paradigma lingüístico. La convivencia entre judíos, cristianos y musulmanes que caracterizó a la Península ibérica se perpetúa aún en esta ciudad africana donde conviven diferentes comunidades, bereberes, españoles peninsulares, judíos e hindúes, convirtiéndola en heredera de la “España de las tres culturas”. Sin embargo, el estudio de sus componentes sociales y demográficos y el análisis de los resultados del trabajo de campo realizado en la ciudad, cuyos resultados presentaremos a continuación, nos muestran cómo la diversidad cultural a Melilla queda acantonada a una mera folclorización y declaración formal de intenciones. Esta ciudad goza de una diversidad lingüística, ya que junto con el español también se habla tamazight, pero esta lengua ha sido marginalizada institucionalmente y socialmente, imponiéndose así un monolingüismo alimentado por el poder central español.
Mecanismos multimodales de focalización de la información en la prensa digital del campo científico y jurídico: la negrita
Authors: García Asensio María Ángeles , Polanco Martínez Fernando , Yúfera Gómez Irene
Published: February 2016

Para satisfacer el derecho a la información, la prensa digital recurre a cuatro sistemas semióticos (verbal, gráfico, matemático y tipográfico) con los que construye, organiza y jerarquiza contenidos y guía al lector en sus procesos interpretativos de la realidad periodística. La tipografía, intrínseca a la expresión verbal escrita, aporta su potencial de significado a través de sus rasgos distintivos y de dos principios semióticos: la connotación y la metáfora. En este artículo analizamos cómo la letra negrita, con su rasgo grosor de la letra, es usada en la prensa digital. Se analizan 60 noticias publicadas en España. Los periódicos digitales no coinciden en el tipo de segmento que resaltan en negrita. Hay también inconsistencias. Con todo, la negrita satisface en los textos periodísticos las tres metafunciones propuestas por Halliday (1978): ideacional, interpersonal y textual, a través de la macrofunción de resalte.
El disco está besado por Justin, la novela ya está leída: a propósito de las construcciones resultativas con estar
Authors: Martínez Linares María Antonia
Published: February 2016

Este trabajo tiene por objeto indagar sobre dos aspectos de las construcciones resultativas formadas por un participio y el verbo estar: por un lado, la vinculación de estas construcciones con el concepto de ‘estado resultante’; por otro lado, la existencia de construcciones resultativas de sentido atributivo que incorporan complementos referidos al agente y/o no están formadas por verbos que incluyan en su estructura léxica un estado resultante. El examen muestra que “estado resultante” se usa al menos con dos sentidos que se relacionan asimismo con dos tipos de construcciones resultativas: unas de sentido atributivo o cualitativo, más comúnmente reconocido, otras con un sentido “de fase” más temporal, asociado a la interpretación del “aspecto perfecto”. Muestra igualmente que las complementaciones agentivas contribuyen a formar el sentido cualitativo propio de las construcciones atributivas y que ninguna de estas dos clases de construcciones se restringe a verbos que incluyan en su estructura léxica un “estado resultante” ni su formación puede explicarse tomando como base las clases léxico-aspectuales de predicados o rasgos exclusivamente gramaticales sin tomar en consideración aspectos contextuales y pragmáticos.