bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socio-Cultural Anthropology of the Peoples of Asia and Africa in Discourse of Oriental Studies
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Bocharov Viktor V. , Geghamyan Varuzhan G. ,   Erevan State University, Dyakov Nikolai N. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: December 2021

In this article, the research supervisor (Bocharov V. V) and consultant (Dyakov N. N.) of the new master’s program “Social and Cultural Anthropology of the Peoples of Asia and Africa”, which will be opened at the Faculty of Oriental Studies of St. Petersburg State University in 2021, share the motives that prompted its creation. According to them, the goal of the program is to bring the study of “modernity” back into the fold of Oriental Studies, as a science of Eastern (Oriental) cultures. Moreover, scientific activity in this direction should contribute to the creation of a theory of the development of the East, since the accumulated material on the socio-political practices of modern states in the region indicates, on the one hand, the presence of obvious universals, and, on the other hand, they are significantly different from the Western processes that are identical in form. Otherwise, states (even those that have surpassed the West in many respects), are doomed to remain in the status of “underdeveloped”. The reason for this is the dominance of the evolutionary paradigm (“savagery — barbarism — civilization”), where “civilization” is the standard of society’s progressiveness, which has actually turned it into a kind of ideologeme. The development of such a new theory also has an important socio-political significance because the discourse of “underdevelopment” (sous-développement) in many respects gives rise to revolutionism (a characteristic of the East) under the slogans of overcoming it, which is always a threat to state collapse, chaos, and, in the end, humanitarian catastrophe. The anthropological approach is the basis of the international Russian-Armenian scientific project (SPbSU — PAARA — YSU), supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the Committee on Science of the Armenian Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sport. The member of the project V. G. Geghamyan who specializes in studying the political culture of Turkey, also shares his thoughts on the “program” and the role that its methodology plays in its successful implementation.
The role of perfectionism in athletes: Diagnosis and relationship with anxiety, mental images and sports motivation
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Veraksa Aleksandr , Yakushina Anastasia ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Semenov Yuri ,   Scientific and Educational Center of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the results of studying the features of perfectionism and its relationship with anxiety, internal and external motivation, and mental images in athletes. The authors re- lied on R.Frost’s concept of the multidimensional structure of perfectionism and the division of its parameters into adaptive and maladaptive. The study involved 249 athletes (Mage=20,18; SDage=3,13) from different regions of the Russian Federation. As a result, it was shown that trait anxiety is significantly higher in athletes with a higher level of perfectionism. Adaptive parameters of perfectionism (“personal standards and organization”) are positively correlated with all parameters of internal motivation in athletes (“motivation to know”, “experience stimulation” and “motivation toward accomplishments”). In addition, maladaptive parameter such as “doubts about actions” negatively correlate with all parameters of internal motivation. The external motivation parameter “social approval” is significantly associated with all parameters of maladaptive perfectionism (“perceived coach pressure”, “perceived parental pressure”, “concern over mistakes”, “doubts about actions”). In addition, the parameter “personal standards and organization” has a significant impact on the frequency of using all types of mental images.
From the history of the psychological school of Lenin- grad/St. Petersburg University: Nina Albertovna Grishchenko
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Golovey Larisa , Grishchenko Pavel ,   Institute of Psychology and Social Work
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the research and life of the scientist-psychologist and teacher Nina Albertovna Grishchenko, who worked for more than 50 years at the Leningrad — St. Petersburg University and is a prominent representative of the psychological school of Boris Ananyev. She created methods for studying the integral structure of the psychomotor organization and studied the patterns of development of psychomotor skills in different periods of ontogenesis, in various types of professional activity. She was the author of the first monograph in Russia devoted to the psychomotor organization of an adult, was the co-author of five monographs and six textbooks for psychology students and practitioners. Grishchenko’s works made a significant contribution to the creation of a psychological service in the education system, the development of psychological foundations and methods of professional orientation and the study of the impact of the effects of radiation pollution on the intellectual potential and development of a person. The results of her research are relevant today for the theory and applied branches of psychology. She successfully combined scientific work with the training and education of students and postgraduates, was a teacher with a capital letter and brought up many generations of psychologists who work in different parts of Russia and abroad. The article presents the memories of Nina Albertovna’s students from different years.
Heritage: How to remain relevant following the virus crisis?
Authors:   Ethnographic Museum in Belgrade, Srećković Saša
Published: December 2021

The article states that despite the creation of the UNESCO fund aimed at International assistance by means of which State parties to the Convention for Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, inter alia, can address problems arising from catastrophes and emergencies. However, the devastating effects of the pandemic on heritage are yet to be expected. Due to the known recent circumstances, without mobility of people and their mutual contacts, and without physical access to the built heritage and museums, there will be no income for local people living in their surroundings. Another problem is related to the intangible expressions of heritage due to inevitable economic turbulences subsequent to the pandemic, and even due to the recent political turmoil caused by various related factors, such as the behavior demonstrated by different governments while facing the crisis and consequent revolts in many communities worldwide. While clear solutions for affected heritage following the crisis are still not on the horizon, we may assume that in the near future there will be an increase of interest in environmental studies. Many will reflect upon the sustainable use of resources and their relevance for heritage (such as agrarian heritage, particularly in regard to food security; traditional medicine or cultural rights and intellectual property in the same context). While there is no doubt that digital tools for reviewing (tangible) heritage will only progress over time, the question is to what extent will living experiences of heritage be affordable to people, at least in the forthcoming period. An adequate response to a global disaster will certainly integrate heritage into policies such as territorial urban/rural planning and various intersectoral activities, and examples already exist in projects funded and supported by the European Union. Despite the weakening of available resources as a result of the pandemic, heritage institutions should also increasingly allow for more democratic inclusion of communities into the issues of inventorying and safeguarding heritage, through mechanisms such as participatory mapping and the like.
UNESCO, Intangible Cultural Heritage and the market: Controversies and stumbling blocks
Authors:   École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), Bortolotto Chiara
Published: December 2021

This article considers the relationship between Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) and the market in the backdrop of the reorientation of UNESCO’s priorities regarding sustainable development. Based on ethnographic observations of the meetings of the governing bodies of the Convention for the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage, this work analyses the controversies generated by “risks of over-commercialization” of ICH among actors with normative agency for designing “good” heritage governance. While the need to reconcile market and heritage is officially acknowledged, the inclusion of a particular commercial practice on the UNESCO ICH lists is qualified by many actors as “traumatic”. The debate spurred within the governing bodies of the Convention by the drafting of these documents sheds light on the controversial perception of the relationship between the market and ICH. In considering the idea of “commercialization without over-commercialization” suggested by actors to resolve the tension between heritage and market, this work highlights a constitutive ambiguity of the Convention. Based on the ideas of “misappropriation” and “decontextualization”, this concept is part of the logic of intellectual property. The Convention, however, was explicitly designed within an alternative paradigm emphasizing cultural dynamisms and shared belonging. While heritage entrepreneurs on the ground shift from one regime to the other making a pragmatic and strategic use of legal frameworks based on fundamentally different logics, this inconsistency generates normative conundrums among the actors involved with the official bodies of the Convention, torn between a proprietary and a heritage regime and their different moral economies. In the framework of the Convention, the principle of “commercialization without over-commercialization” embodies therefore a fragile compromise reflecting the tension between different regimes regulating traditional culture.
Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage and the environment
Authors:   University Milan-Bicocca, Ubertazzi Benedetta ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: December 2021

The Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (hereafter known as the Convention) was adopted within the framework of UNESCO in October 2003. Article 2 of the Convention establishes that intangible cultural heritage (ICH) must be compatible with sustainable development. Sustainable development in relation to culture consists of three intertwined dimensions: society, environment, and economy. Chapter 6 of the Operational Directives for the Implementation of this Convention establishes a framework related to “environmental sustainability”. The framework consists of three pillars. The first pillar relates to “environmental impacts in the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage”. The second pillar relates to “knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe”. The final pillar concerns “community-based resilience to natural disasters and climate change”. Through analysis of the Convention, the Convention’s Operational Directives and elements of intangible cultural heritage inscribed on the Representative List of the Convention, this article will provide case studies where, in line with these pillars, intellectual property rights, particularly geographical indications, aim to support environmentally friendly practices. In so doing, this article will also seek to show that intellectual property rights can recognise communities as bearers of knowledge about nature and as essential actors in sustaining the environment. Indeed, this work will suggest that although intellectual property rights, if not carefully drafted, can pose risks for environmental sustainability, when correctly adopted they have the capacity to empower communities. Thus, the aim of this work is to show how intellectual property rights can be tools to facilitate safeguarding and sustainability for both intangible cultural heritage and the environment.
The restitution of illicitly exported cultural properties: Recent Italian cases
Authors:   University of Milano-Bicocca, Scovazzi Tullio
Published: December 2021

The question of restitution of removed cultural properties to which existing treaties do not apply for chronological or other reasons, is far from being settled under customary international law. It seems that an evolutionary trend is developing in present customary international law according to which claims related to the movements of cultural properties should be addressed in order to achieve an equitable solution, taking into account all relevant circumstances. These circumstances include: factors surrounding the removal of the cultural property from the state of origin, in particular the legality of the removal under the law of the state of origin or the substantive injustice of the removal; the importance of the cultural property for the state of origin, including its emblematic character; harm to the integrity of the cultural context from which the cultural property was removed; the amount of time since the cultural property was removed from the state of origin; the appreciation for and the care used to preserve the cultural property in the state of destination; the state of origin’s commitment to care for the preservation of the cultural property if it is returned to it. Agreements between the Italian Ministry of Cultural Properties and activities by American museums are aimed at resolving disputes over the return of cultural properties in order to reach an equitable solution taking into account all relevant circumstances. This objective should govern relations between states of origin and states of destination of cultural properties, and should also be shared, if this is the case, also by nonstate entities concerned. Non-adversarial procedures, such as negotiation, mediation or conciliation, should be put in place to achieve the objective.
Impact of active night population and leakage exponent on leakage estimation in developing countries
Authors: Amoatey Peace Korshiwor , Obiri-Yeboah Abena Agyeiwaa , Akosah-Kusi Maxwell
Published: December 2021

Methods for network leakage estimation include water balance, component analysis and minimum night flow (MNF) methods, the latter of which involves subtracting the customer night use (QCNU) from night leakage and multiplying by the hour day factor (HDF). QCNU and HDF respectively depend on Active Night Population (ANP) and leakage exponent (N1). In most developing countries, these parameters are assumed in the MNF method, thus introducing errors which makes setting realistic leakage reduction targets and key performance indicators (KPI) problematic. In this study, QCNU and HDF were evaluated by determining the relative error associated with ANP and N1 to establish localized rates for accurately estimating leakage in water networks. Between 7 and 11% relative error was associated with every 1% higher or lower ANP while up to 4% relative error was observed for every step considered. A linear relationship exists between the relative error associated with both and ANP although that of ANP is twice as high as This has technical implications for setting water loss reduction targets and investing in the water infrastructure. It is recommended that water utilities must establish localized ANP and values for accurate leakage estimation in water networks.
Effect of clariflocculator and pulsator based sedimentation technology and poly-aluminium chloride coagulant type on the efficiency of the water treatment plant
Authors: Maldhure Atul , Khadse Gajanan , Labhasetwar Pawan
Published: December 2021

Polyaluminium chloride (PAC) with different basicity is used as a coagulant in most drinking water treatment plants (WTP). The aluminium concentration in PAC and its hydrolysis mechanism varied with the basicity of PAC. Incremental addition of PAC changes various physico-chemical properties and turbidity removal mechanisms in water. Water treatment plants use the PAC concentration beyond its optimum dose without considering other aspects, including residual aluminium concentration. In the present work, the effect of high and medium basicity of PAC on different physico-chemical properties like pH, zeta potential, and residual aluminium concentration of water was investigated. The pH of treated water decreases with the incremental addition of PAC, and an increase in zeta potential and residual aluminium concentration in treated water was evidenced. The change in pH after PAC addition is responsible for deciding the coagulation mechanism and efficiency of the coagulation process. pH reduction is comparatively more in high basicity PAC than medium basicity. PAC hydrolysis mechanism is controlled by the zeta potential of water and can be used as an alternative method to decide the optimum coagulant dose. The performance of clariflocculator and pulsator-based WTP was also evaluated for raw water from the same source. To reduce down the turbidity below the acceptable level, the coagulant requirement for clariflocculator based WTP is comparatively less than pulsator based WTP. The floc blanket in the pulsator gets disturbed with a slight change in the coagulant chemistry and quantity.
Cuidar, gestionar, esperar. Estrategias de mujeres migrantes ante contextos restrictivos de acceso a la atención sanitaria
Authors: Florencia Linardelli María , Anzorena Claudia
Published: December 2021

Este artículo analiza las diversas estrategias que despliegan mujeres migrantes originarias de Bolivia y del noroeste argentino, para afrontar las barreras de accesibilidad al sistema de salud durante sus recorridos migratorios vinculados con el trabajo agrícola en Argentina. Se expone parte de los resultados de una investigación sobre experiencias de salud, enfermedad y cuidados de mujeres migrantes que trabajan en la agricultura. El enfoque teórico del estudio vincula herramientas conceptuales feministas y de la medicina social latinoamericana. Se plantea un diseño cualitativo flexible, de carácter etnográfico, que prioriza la técnica de relatos de vida y la observación participativa. El trabajo de campo se desarrolló entre 2014 y 2018 en la localidad de Ugarteche, un territorio agrícola ubicado en el oasis norte de la provincia de Mendoza (Argentina). Se concluye que, ante contextos restrictivos de acceso a la atención médica y a la discriminación sufrida en los servicios de salud, las mujeres migrantes interponen prácticas de gestión y cuidado que les permiten preservar su salud y la de sus grupos. También, constituyen estrategias creativas orientadas a aprender saberes de la biomedicina, recuperar conocimientos de sus comunidades de origen y enfrentarse al maltrato institucional, mediante las cuales sortean barreras de acceso a la atención y lidian con contextos atemorizantes y expulsivos. Este artículo contribuye a un área poco explorada de los estudios de migraciones y salud, en cuanto aborda tanto las dificultades que las mujeres migrantes enfrentan en el acceso a la atención médica, como las estrategias que despliegan para sortear esas barreras y sus aportes a las sociedades de acogida mediante las labores cotidianas de cuidado.
Implicaciones sociomateriales de las tecnologías pesqueras en una comunidad de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Colombia
Authors: Carrillo Rada Wendy , Mendoza Curvelo Maira Alejandra
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo es el resultado de una experiencia etnográfica con los pescadores de Tasajeras (corregimiento de Pueblo Viejo-Magdalena) que permitió identificar, entre los años 1960 y 2018, las configuraciones de las tecnologías pesqueras y sus implicaciones sociales y ambientales en esta comunidad. Asimismo, a través del trabajo de campo fue posible reconocer la situación actual de la pesca artesanal y la relación que todos los aspectos anteriormente mencionados guardan con los modelos locales de naturalezas implícitos en los saberes o conocimientos locales de la comunidad. Para llevar a cabo la investigación se organizaron grupos focales y se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, lo que permitió dar cuenta del surgimiento de unos modos concretos de relaciones sociotécnicas entre los pescadores y la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta. Esto develó ontologías que ponen de manifiesto la producción y práctica de múltiples ciénagas a partir del ejercicio pesquero.
Documentación del tiempo transcurrido de muerte a partir de procesos de descomposición en bosque seco tropical (BST), Santa Marta, Colombia
Authors: Quiñones-Reyes Edixon , Olavarría-Pérez María José , Valle-Solorzano Miguel
Published: December 2021

El tiempo transcurrido de muerte, es una de las preguntas que debe resolver el antropólogo forense cuando analiza restos humanos esqueletizados o en avanzado estado de descomposición; en la mayoría de los casos, dicho diagnóstico es realizado a partir de referentes internacionales, que han documentado la relación entre el tiempo del deceso y los diferentes estadios de la descomposición; sin embargo, tales referentes no son aplicables en lugares donde las condiciones climáticas son diferentes al lugar donde tuvieron origen. En virtud de lo anterior, se realizó un ejercicio en el bosque seco tropical de la Universidad del Magdalena, con cerdos domésticos uno desnudo y otro con ropa, cuyos cadáveres fueron expuestos a la superficie. En conclusión, se encontraron diferencias en el tiempo de duración de las etapas de descomposición en ambos especímenes con respecto al modelo original diseñado por Payne en 1965, de igual modo, se observó variables como la temperatura ambiental, la lluvia y la actividad de carroñeros, entre otras, pueden acelerar o retrasar el proceso de descomposición.
Conjuntura e estruturação dos espaços de poder do marquesado da Toscana no século XI
Authors: Madureira Natalia Dias
Published: December 2021

A ocasião da realização de um concílio – num período em que estes já tinham se consolidado no interior da agenda da Cristandade ocidental e envolvia boa parte do laicado aristocrático local – contava com consistentes mobilizações dos bispos, uma vez que as deliberações oriundas de tal assembleia iam moldando as ações e posições da Igreja subsequentemente. Numa atmosfera de instabilidade e conflitos, por conta da requisição de dois bispos à sucessão pontifícia, um novo concílio foi convocado. O local escolhido para a realização do mesmo, no ano de 1064 foi Mântua, território medular dos domínios da casa de Canossa. A realização e desdobramento do que foi chamado de Concílio de Mântua é uma mostra da condução e da ação política de Godofredo da Lorena, Beatrice e Matilda de Canossa ao integrarem notáveis representantes da esfera social do período aos seus espaços de poder.
Narrar e pensar o outro, narrar e pensar a si
Authors: Oliveira Kátia Luzia Soares , Magalhães Ana Paula Moreira
Published: December 2021

A discussão que ora se apresenta pretende analisar à escrita da História da África por meio de uma perspectiva marcada pelos pressupostos da longa duração. Com esse objetivo, recorremos inicialmente aos apontamentos de Anderson Oliva e Carlos Lopes. Em seguida, no desenvolvimento de nossa argumentação, recuperamos sucintamente algumas falas do teórico dos estudos pós-coloniais Achile Mbembe, que em seu texto, “As formas Africanas de Auto-Inscrição”, propõe matrizes epistemológicas diferentes da epistemologia ocidental. Para se pensar a dinâmica histórica, ofereceu diferentes aportes teóricos e uma compreensão mais complexa sobre a produção da história africana, colocando o foco para além de simples dicotomias, como sociedades africanas vitimizadas versus sociedades superiores, bem como para além do aspecto da raça e da diferença.
Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar
Authors: Couto Lívia Maria Albuquerque
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo tem por finalidade apresentar a imagem literária e histórica fundamentadas em torno de Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, o El Cid. Para tal, analisaremos o contexto social e político em que o personagem estava inserido. Através disso, buscaremos refletir a respeito da imagem heroica construída por seus contemporâneos e até hoje fomentada na região da antiga Castela Medieval. Nosso principal objetivo será demonstrar como o Poema de Mio Cid, documento do século XIII, escrito para enaltecer os feitos do personagem pode ser utilizado como documento histórico, visto que podemos utilizar sua biografia para fazer uma análise histórica do reinado de Alfonso VI.
O Estado na Idade Média
Authors: Brito Leandro Ribeiro
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo tem por intuito analisar as estruturas estatais existentes durante o período medieval, mais especificamente durante a chamada alta Idade Média. Dentro dos diversos debates acerca da existência ou não de um Estado no medievo, entendemos que a análise aqui realizada tem como intuito agregar ao debate historiográfico sobre como determinadas configurações estatais que se manifestam nas sociedades pré-capitalistas e que o advento do Estado não é exclusividade da modernidade.
“Pensar pela pena que desliza, falar pela boca que se fecha”
Authors: Guebert Caroline Aparecida
Published: December 2021

Na articulação entre História, Literatura e Estudos de Gênero, este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre a trajetória e parte da obra escrita de Emília Dantas Ribas (1907-1978), que atuou como professora, oradora de rádio e escritora entre as cidades de Ponta Grossa e de Curitiba, no Paraná. A publicação do romance “A Primavera Voltará” (1949), de sua autoria, possibilitou que ela fosse (re)conhecida em sua época como a primeira romancista da região dos Campos Gerais. À luz das condições históricas da sua inserção social e do próprio processo de “fazer-se escritora” em torno da produção desse espaço, compreendemos a escrita ficcional de Emília como um locus para pensar relações de poder, anseios, estratégias e agências partilhadas por mulheres de elite no país dos anos 1940 e 1950.
Mulheres e charges políticas
Authors: Werneck Giovanna Carrozzino
Published: December 2021

Objetiva-se analisar e dar visibilidade a mulheres que produzem (ou produziram) charges políticas no Brasil, discutindo aspectos relativos aos papéis sociais atribuídos a homens e mulheres e aos estudos de gênero. Na primeira seção, são apresentados conceitos e características da charge como um gênero textual permeado por aspectos políticos, críticos e humorísticos. Na segunda seção, optou-se pela apresentação analítica e descritiva, nos limites deste artigo, do trabalho de três cartunistas brasileiras e suas biografias: Nair de Teffé, Patrícia Galvão (Pagu) e Hilde Weber. Em seguida, discute-se a produção atual de charges por mulheres no Brasil e o trabalho de coletivos que trabalham em prol da visibilização dessas obras. A metodologia utilizada é a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental.
OCUPAÇÃO E RENDA DA MULHER NO NORDESTE: EVIDÊNCIAS A PARTIR DA PNAD 2001 A 2015
Authors: Keyla da Silva Rayla , Nunes de Souza José Antonio , Da Silva Ferreira Francisco Danilo , Vieira Fernandes Vinicius Rodrigues , Fernandes da Silva Ricardo Vitor
Published: December 2021

O presente estudo tem como objetivo geral analisar a trajetória das mulheres ocupadas na região nordeste. Inicialmente a pesquisa se norteou pela análise da inserção da mulher no mercado de trabalho, e em seguida pela investigação do perfil mais geral da mão de obra feminina ocupada no Nordeste nos anos mais recentes. Metodologicamente, foi realizado um levantamento a partir da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra Domiciliar (PNAD) do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) no período de 2001 a 2015. De modo geral, os dados mostraram que a participação feminina no mercado de trabalho elevou a renda das mulheres, o que pode ter sido provocado dentre outros fatores pela melhora da escolaridade da mão de obra feminina. Outro ponto relevante foi a observação de um aumento considerável acerca dos domicílios chefiados por mulheres, as quais se destacaram nas atividades de educação, saúde e serviços sociais.
Konstelacja Witkacy. Z Zofią Radwańską z Muzeum Tatrzańskiego rozmawia Paweł Drabarczyk vel Grabarczyk
Authors: Vel Grabarczyk Paweł Drabarczyk
Published: December 2021

Wywiad z Zofią Radwańską z Muzeum Tatrzańskiego

Interview with Zofia Radwańska from the Tatra Museum
Przestrzenie telewizji – przestrzenie w telewizji – przestrzenie telewizyjne. Serialowe praktyki udomawiania przestrzeni
Authors: Kisielewska Alicja
Published: December 2021

The subject of reflection in this article are television space production practices, such as: television spaces – spaces on TV – TV spaces in the most popular Polish drama series produced since 1997 by major broadcasting television stations. I focus on the ‘communities of imagination’ as spatial communities created in TV series perceived as spatial stories. I assume that thanks to the television practices of creating real-imagined space, space is being domesticated, contradicting the idea of relocation common in postmodern culture. In this article, I propose an analysis of television spatial and image strategies that are rooted in Polish culture. The spaces created on television thanks to the work of the viewers’ imagination can be the source of the identities they construct, a way of practicing oneself with the participation of traditional television.
Desempeño silvicultural de Plathymenia reticulata con adición de fósforo en el Bosque Atlántico, Brasil
Authors: Araújo Emanuel França , Carreço Ray Luiz Babilon , Silva Jeferson Pereira Martins , Menezes Marília Braz de Carvalho , Bighi Kelly Nery , Gonçalves Elzimar de Oliveira , Caldeira Marcos Vinicius Winckler , Godinho Tiago de Oliveira
Published: December 2021

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el crecimiento inicial a mediano plazo de un asentamiento de P. reticulata bajo diferentes dosis de fósforo. El experimento se llevó a cabo en un área del Bosque Atlántico, Sooretama, norte del estado de Espírito Santo, Brasil. Se probaron cinco dosis de P por árbol (0 g, 27 g, 47 g, 67 g y 87 g) en un diseño de bloques al azar con tres repeticiones y 18 plantas por parcela. A los 3 meses, 9 meses y 15 meses se midió la altura y el diámetro a nivel del suelo. A los 36 meses de la siembra, se midió el diámetro a la altura del pecho, la supervivencia y el área basal y se hizo una evaluación nutricional de los árboles. También se utilizó un modelo logístico para modelar el crecimiento en altura de árboles individuales y el modelo logístico considerando efectos fijos y forma mixta (efectos fijos y aleatorios) para verificar si la inclusión del efecto aleatorio (árbol) resultaría en ganancias en términos de precisión en la estimación de la altura futura de los árboles de P. reticulata. La especie presenta potencial para su uso en programas de reforestación en condiciones edafoclimáticas probadas y en condiciones similares. La especie no fue muy exigente en fósforo y la adición de este nutriente promovió efectos negativos en su crecimiento a corto y mediano plazo. Con respecto al modelo de crecimiento en altura, el modelo logístico ajustado en forma mixta mostró ser superior al ajuste tradicional.
THE BEHAVIOUR OF HOUSEHOLDS TOWARDS ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION: A CASE STUDY AT SEREMBAN
Authors: Kasavan Saraswathy , Sharif Ali Sharif Shofirun , Siron Rusinah
Published: December 2021

Understanding energy consumption behaviours among households is an effective way to encourage energy conservation and improve energy efficiency. This article examines households’ knowledge, awareness, commitment, attitude, and behaviour towards electricity consumption. The sample of the study consists of 360 urban households in an intermediate city, Seremban. The findings reveal that cost-saving via government initiatives is a crucial factor influencing the households’ energy consumption knowledge. The correlation analysis also revealed that knowledge, awareness, commitment, and attitude correlated significantly with the households’ electricity consumption behaviour. The evidence suggests that the government and power companies implement strict regulations and technological advances to promote energy conservation and improve energy efficiency among households. The findings can better understand where attention should be directed and the measures for long-term energy conservation, climate change mitigation, and sustainable development.
INVESTIGATING URBAN GROWTH BOUNDARY AS MECHANISM TO PLAN FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Samat Narimah , Mahamud Mohd Amirul , Tilaki Mohammad Javad Maghsoodi , Abu Bakar Mohd Azmeer , Mou Leong Tan , Mohd Noor Norzailawati
Published: December 2021

Urban encroachment into the peri-urban areas has blurred the borders between urban and rural areas. Thus, the urban growth boundary (UGB) has been used to encourage the sustainable development of cities and improve long-term planning efficiency. Studying the understanding of the UGB concept in ensuring sustainable development in Malaysia would be beneficial. This study aimed to investigate the perception and understanding of the UGB concept and function to achieve sustainable urban development. An online survey was conducted involving 82 experts, which comprised planners from PLANMalaysia and academicians in the field of urban planning. Results indicated that the perception of the UGB score was significantly greater by 1.16 than the normal score of 3, which indicated that the experts agreed that UGB could improve the urban development. The findings also indicated that the existing planning policy and inclusion of UGB had protected agricultural and natural land; however, stricter and tighter borderless development should be conducted.
TRAVEL MODE CHOICE INTENTION IN REDUCING TRAFFIC CONGESTION IN KAJANG, SELANGOR
Authors: Wan Ghazali Wan Noratikah Wahidah , Ponrahono Zakiah , Bachok Syahriah , Sharaai Amir Hamzah , Rabe Noor Suzilawati , Mat Shukri Nur Shazreena , Nur Sunoto Yakin
Published: December 2021

The intentions behind a person’s choice of transportation mode is vital information to have in strategic planning for a sustainable transportation system, and is very useful in predicting the behaviours of people. This paper was conducted to identify people's preferences of public transport. Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as the psychological determinant, three main indicators, attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control (PBC), were explored to identify the mode choice of public transportation among the residents of Kajang. The data was obtained through questionnaires by employing a multistage sampling technique, where 348 respondents were approached. Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis showed that attitude was the dominant indicator among residents of Kajang for modes of public transport. This paper will contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the theory of mobility and travel behaviour, as well as act as baseline data for predicting people’s travel behaviour in future mode shift strategies dealing with everyday issues of traffic, such as congestion.
THE INFLUENCE OF LAND USE ACTIVITIES TOWARDS MASS RAPID TRANSIT (MRT) FEEDER BUS SERVICE RIDERSHIP
Authors: Nur Sunoto Yakin , Ponrahono Zakiah , Ash’aari Zulfa Hanan , Rosni Nur Aulia , Rabe Noor Suzilawati , Mat Shukri Nur Shazreena , Wan Ghazali Wan Noratikah Wahidah
Published: December 2021

The Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) feeder bus service is a complementary public transport service provided to encourage ridership of MRT rail services in Malaysia. In brief, this feeder bus service plays a role in connecting people to and from MRT stations. The objective of this study is to determine the passenger volume generated at each MRT feeder bus stop location in the study area, and relate it to surrounding land use activities. Using the rule of thumb in public transportation systems, 200 m and 400 m radial buffers were identified as catchment areas of the bus stops. The key finding from this study is the relationship between volume of passenger and land use activities. This study concludes that land use activities influence MRT ridership, and that the presence of shelters or waiting poles is important to encourage ingress or egress.
Methodology for assessment of radiation risks from medical exposure on the example of multiple computed tomography
Authors:   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Kashcheev V.V. , Pryakhin E.A. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Kurashvili Yu.B. ,   Rusatom Overseas
Published: December 2021

Currently the application of diagnostic imaging procedures is extended. After the COVID-19 out-break the number of radiological examinations have increased significantly. The number of re-peated radiological examinations increased as well. Although the risk of cancer from single radi-ological scanning is small, risk from multiple imaging has not been estimated yet. The develop-ment of methodology for assessment of cancer risks from multiple radiological examinations is needed. This paper presents the procedure for assessment of radiation risks from multiple radio-logical examinations of any type. The validity of the developed approach was tested on the ex-ample of assessment of lifetime attributable risk (LAR) of cancer incidence from multiple com-puted tomography (CT) examinations, the results are discussed in the paper. The authors devel-oped the method for estimating radiation detriment from multiple radiological CT scans for re-maining life years. The method is based on equivalent radiation doses to organs and tissues of a patient’s body. Tables of LARs values per dose unit for males and females within the age range 0-95 years and a step of 5 years were designed. The tables were computed for the following cancer sites: bladder, breast, colon, bone marrow, liver, lungs, esophagus, ovary, stomach, thy-roid and other solid. The authors estimated cancer risks for a female, she was exposed to radia-tion from CT scanning. The female’s risks assessed with the developed methodology were com-pared with radiation risks estimated with mathematical model ICRP (Publication 103). The com-parison showed that the difference between risks estimated with the developed method and the risks estimated with the ICRP model did not exceed 12%. In models sex and age were account-ed, medical and demographic data applicable to the Russian population were taken into account as well.
Features of modifying properties of chemicals under the action of radiation of different quality: UV light, gamma-radiation and alfa-particles
Authors:   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Kuptsova P.S. , Zhurakovskaya G.P. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Belkina S.V. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC)
Published: December 2021

Modification of the action of ionizing radiation by chemicals, used both to enhance its action and to weaken it’s known and is widely used in medical radiology. The article presents a comparative analysis of the modifying properties of three chemical radioprotectors (cysteamine, cysteine and cysteamine) when they are simultaneously act with to gama-rays, alpha-particles and ultraviolet radiation on yeast cells. The aim of the study was to compare the features of the manifestation of the properties of chemicals in relation to the protection of cells from UV-like damage when exposed to ionizing radiation or from damage caused by ultraviolet radiation. It was demonstrated that the cysteamine protects cells both from the damaging effects of gama-rays and from ultraviolet radiation, unlike cysteamine and cysteine, which protect cells exclusively from the effects of ionizing radiation. Moreover, cystamine does not change the effect of alpha-particles, which have a high ionization density of the substance, but practically do not cause excitation processes in biological objects. The obtained data indicate that cystamine realizes its protective properties against damage caused by ultraviolet radiation and UV-like damage resulting from the action of gama-rays due to the excitation of molecules or, more precisely, the ultraviolet component of Vavilov-Cherenkov luminescence accompanying the action of ionizing radiation.
Effect of chronic electromagnetic radiation on embryogenesis and early postnatal development of the offspring of irradiated animals
Authors:   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Panfilova V.V. , Kolganova O.I. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Chibisova O.F.
Published: December 2021

The effect of electromagnetic radiation of the mobile communication frequency range during chronic exposure to the reproductive function of rats, the antenatal and postnatal development of the offspring of irradiated males and females Wistar rats was studied. Irradiation conditions: the carrier frequency 1800 MHz (unmodulated radiation), the power flux density of 85 μW/cm2, the zone of the formed wave (the distance from the radiation source of 1.3 m) from the radiation source. Males (15 individuals) and females (32 individuals) were exposed to radiation in an ane-choic chamber in lattice containers for 1 hour a day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Two weeks after the last irradiation session the animals were paired at the rate of the one male for two females. Then pregnant female rats were irradiated from 5 to 17 days of pregnancy with the same expo-sure parameters. The animals of the control group (15 males and 30 females) were subjected to the same manipulation, but with the radiation source turned off. On the 20th day of pregnancy, some of females (13 experimental and 12 control females) were euthanized to study embryo-genesis. To assess embryogenesis, the following factors were studied: ovulatory activity of the ovaries, preimplantation and postimplantation intrauterine death of embryos, the average num-ber of live fetuses, their cranio-caudal sizes and body weight. There was no difference between the experimental and control groups in embryogenesis. From the remaining 10 experimental and 14 control pregnant females, groups were formed to assess the postnatal development of the first generation offspring. No differences were found in the early postnatal ontogenesis of the offspring of irradiated and control animals. Thus, chronic unmodulated electromagnetic radiation with a frequency of 1800 did not have a significant effect on the course of pregnancy of the fe-males and the early postnatal development of their first generation offspring.
Exploring Access to Surgical Interventions for Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Retrospective Population-Based Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Finstad Alexandra , Lee Alex , George Ralph , Alhusayen Raed
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a painful inflammatory disorder that confers significant distress to patients, with surgery as an integral treatment modality.

OBJECTIVE

To inform improvements in care, patterns in HS surgery were assessed.

METHODS

A retrospective population-based analysis was performed on Ontario billing claims for HS surgery across a period of 10 years from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2017. HS surgery was defined as the excision of inguinal, perineal, or axillary skin and sweat glands for hidradenitis. The top 5 billing specialties, including general and plastic surgery, were analyzed. The total number of procedures performed as well as the number performed per physician were investigated. Patient and physician locations were compared.

RESULTS

A total of 7195 claims for the excision of inguinal, perineal, or axillary skin and sweat glands for HS were submitted across the study period. Annual HS surgery claims showed an increasing trend across 10 years, ranging between 4.9 and 5.8 per 100,000 population. However, overall, for every additional year, the number of claims per 100,000 population only increased slightly, by 0.03 claims. The number of providers steadily decreased, ranging between 1.7 and 1.9 per 100,000, with approximately twice as many general than plastic surgeons. However, again overall, for every additional year, the number of providers per 100,000 population decreased slightly, by 0.002 physicians. The mean annual number of procedures per physician rose from 2.8 to 3.1. In rural areas, analyzed per claim, general surgeons performed the majority of surgeries (1318/2003, 65.8%), while in urban areas, surgeries were more equally performed by general (2616/5192, 50.4%) and plastic (2495/5192, 48.1%) surgeons. Of HS surgery claims, 25.7%-35.9% were provided by a physician residing in a different area than the patient receiving care.

CONCLUSIONS

No significant improvements in access to HS surgery were seen across the study period, with access potentially worsening with annual HS claims rising overall and number of providers decreasing, with patients travelling further to access surgery. System barriers across the continuum of HS diagnosis and management must be evaluated to improve access to surgical care.
Measuring engagement among older adults using a multidimensional analysis of communication: Method Design (Preprint)
Authors: Radnan Madeleine , Li Weicong , Stevens Catherine J , Hill Clair , Jones Caroline
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Characterising older adult engagement is important to determine the effectiveness of interventions. Engagement is the occupying of oneself in external stimuli and is observable across multiple dimensions of behaviour. Engagement of older adults is commonly investigated on a single behavioural dimension.

OBJECTIVE

In this article, we present a multidisciplinary approach for measuring and characterising engagement of older adults using techniques appropriate for people with varying degrees of dementia.

METHODS

Contexts for engagement included a dyadic reminiscence therapy interview and a 12-week technology driven group reminiscence therapy. Participants were older adults (8 female, 1 male, mean age: 79) who attended a day respite facility. Audio-visual recordings of the sessions were processed to analyse facial movement, lexical use, and prosodic patterns of speech. Facial movement was processed using OpenFace to measure the presence and intensity of facial movement. Lexical use was processed using the Linguistic Enquiry and Word Count to measure personal pronoun use, affective word use, and emotional tone of words in speech. Prosodic patterns of speech were processed using custom scripts written in Praat and Python, to measure mean duration of utterances, mean words per utterance, articulation rate and variability of F0. Mixed-effects modelling was used to assess effects of treatment conditions on dependent variable outcomes.

RESULTS

Results indicate measuring engagement through a multidimensional approach can sensitively capture older adults’ engagement.

CONCLUSIONS

Application of this method can enhance a researcher’s ability to measure older adult engagement, provide means to compare across interventions and contextual environments, and further develop the science of psychosocial intervention research.