bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Case Report
Authors: Herren Chris , Lindroth John
Published: July 2019

A general dentist often will find the most challenging aspect of dentistry is patient management. In the controlled environment of a dental school, many students are not exposed to certain patient populations. It is likely that their first experience with particular patient pools will be in private practice. One such group of patients is those suffering from Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). This article reviews the clinical signs and symptoms of this group of patients.

Citation

Herren C, Lindroth J. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. J Contemp Dent Pract 2001;(2)3: 041-049.
“Differential Diagnosis: Is It Herpes or Aphthous?”
Authors: Tilliss Terri S.I. , McDowell John
Published: July 2019

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) and recurrent intraoral herpes (RIH) are the two most commonly presenting oral lesions in the dental setting. It is critical that the oral health professional be able to accurately discriminate between these disorders. To facilitate the differential diagnosis between RAS and RIH, important components of assessment are discussed. These include: prodromal signs and symptoms, lesion location, and appearance of the initial and mature lesion. The comparative etiology, prevalence, pathogenesis, and treatment considerations for these lesions are presented. A familial case report is provided.

Citation

Tilliss TSI, McDowell JD. “Differential Diagnosis: Is It Herpes or Aphthous?” J Contemp Dent Pract 2002 Feb;(3)1: 001-015.
Evaluation of Apical Leakage of Root Canals Obturated with Nd: YAG Laser Softened Gutta-Percha, System-B, and Lateral Condensation Techniques
Authors: Maden Murat , Görgül Güliz , Tinaz A. Cemal
Published: July 2019

In endodontics, a laser can be used as a heat source and gutta-percha can be softened by a laser and used in the root canals. The System-B endodontic heat source unit was designed for the obturation of the root canal system with a single continuous wave of thermoplasticized gutta-percha. The aim of this study was to compare the apical leakage of lateral condensation; Nd:YAG laser-softened gutta-percha and System-B techniques. Fifty-five extracted, single root human maxillary anterior and premolar teeth were used in this study. After working length determination, the “step-back technique” was used to prepare the root canals. The teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups of 15 each and two control groups of 5 specimens each. The first group was obturated by lateral condensation, the second group by gutta-percha softened with an Nd:YAG laser, and the third group was obturated using the system-B technique. Apical leakage of the roots was evaluated by dye penetration using a stereomicroscope after sectioning the roots. The results of the first and third groups were similar, and the results of the second group showed differences when compared with the other groups. However, variance analysis revealed there was no statistically significant difference among the results.

Citation

Maden M, Görgül G, Tinaz AC. Evaluation of Apical Leakage of Root Canals Obturated with Nd:Yag laser-softened Gutta-percha, System-B, and Lateral Condensation Techniques. J Contemp Dent Pract 2002 Feb;(3)1: 016-026.
The Clinical Effectiveness of a Novel Power Toothbrush and Its Impact on Oral Health
Authors: Biesbrock Aaron R. , Bayuk Linda M. , Santana Marie-Vee , Yates Darin S. , Bartizek Robert D.
Published: July 2019

This review details the invention and clinical testing of a new power toothbrush designed to provide a low cost, effective toothbrush, which has a combination of a round oscillating head in conjunction with fixed bristles. The data demonstrate this power toothbrush (Crest® SpinBrush™) is an effective cleaning toothbrush with respect to plaque removal. Four independent 4-period crossover studies, where subjects used each brush twice, have demonstrated that brushing with this power toothbrush results in 10-40% greater plaque removal relative to a series of control manual toothbrushes. Separate research has confirmed that adults and children tend to brush longer, 35.8% and 38.3% respectively, when using this power toothbrush relative to manual toothbrushes.

In addition, it has been shown to be superior to a battery-powered toothbrush (Colgate ActiBrush™) in two independent studies and has demonstrated comparable efficacy to a leading powered toothbrush (Oral-B Ultra Plaque Remover®). In parallel, this power toothbrush has also been shown to be safe relative to manual and power toothbrushes.

Citation

Biesbrock AR, Bayuk LM, Santana MV, et. al. The Clinical Effectiveness of a Novel Power Toothbrush and Its Impact on Oral Health. J Contemp Dent Pract 2002 May;(3)2: 001-010.
Evidence-Based Decision Making in Action: Part 1 - Finding the Best Clinical Evidence
Authors: Forrest Jane L. , Miller Syrene A.
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this article is to introduce evidence-based concepts and demonstrate how to find valid evidence to answer clinical questions. Evidence-based decision making (EBDM) requires understanding new concepts and developing new skills including how to: ask good clinical questions, conduct a computerized search, critically appraise the evidence, apply the results in clinical practice, and evaluate the process. This approach recognizes that clinicians can never be completely current with all conditions, medications, materials, or available products. Thus EBDM provides a mechanism for addressing these gaps in knowledge in order to provide the best care possible.

In Part 1, a case scenario demonstrates the application of the skills involved in structuring a clinical question and conducting an online search using PubMed. Practice tips are provided along with online resources related to the evidence-based process.

Citation

Forrest JL, Miller SA. Evidence-Based Decision Making in Action: Part 1 - Finding the Best Clinical Evidence. J Contemp Dent Pract 2002 August;(3)3: 010-026.
A Clinical Study to Assess the Breath Protection Efficacy of Denture Adhesive
Authors: Myatt Graham J. , Hunt Sheri A. , Barlow Ashley P. , Winston J. Leslie , Bordas Alice , Maaytah Mohammed El
Published: July 2019

This randomized and controlled, examiner-blind, 3-period, crossover clinical trial was designed to determine the effect of an experimental denture adhesive, a marketed denture adhesive (European Fixodent® Fresh), or no denture adhesive on the breath odor of 37 adults wearing full maxillary and mandibular dentures. Breath quality was measured at baseline and at 3 and 6 hours after the start of each treatment period via monitoring of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) using a halimeter and second-person organoleptic grading. A 48-hour washout phase separated treatment periods. There were no statistically significant differences in VSCs between any of the treatment regimens over 6 hours. Both the denture adhesive treatments were superior in breath quality improvement in organoleptic scores compared to no denture adhesive at 3 and 6 hours (p=0.0001). This research demonstrates the ability of both an experimental and marketed denture adhesive to deliver superior second-person breath benefits relative to no adhesive. The results indicate that Fixodent® denture adhesives provide the denture wearer with a noticeable improvement in breath.

Citation

Myatt GJ, Hunt SA, Barlow AP, et. al. A Clinical Study to Assess the Breath Protection Efficacy of Denture Adhesive. J Contemp Dent Pract 2002 November;(3)4:001-009.
Initial Impact of a National Dental Education Program on the Oral Health and Dental Knowledge of Children
Authors: Biesbrock Aaron R. , Bartizek Robert D. , Walters Patricia A.
Published: July 2019

Oral health educational programs have been reported to have a variable impact on the oral health status of program participants. This paper reports the impact of an educational oral health program conducted within a single Boys & Girls Club of America. The objective of this 4-week examiner-blind study was to determine the impact of the educational program on the gingival health (gingivitis and plaque) of participating children who were between the ages of 5 and 15. The multi-week program taught the participants the basics of oral biology and disease, as well as proper oral health prevention including oral hygiene, dietary modification, and the importance of visiting the dentist. A calibrated examiner measured whole mouth Loe-Silness Gingival Index (GI) and Turesky Modification of Quigley-Hein Plaque index (PI) at baseline (immediately prior to the initiation of the educational program) and 4 weeks later. The primary efficacy analysis was based on change from baseline for 75 subjects who were enrolled at baseline, participated in the educational program, and were examined 4 weeks later. Mean baseline GI score was 0.37, while the 4 week mean GI score was reduced to 0.18. This represents a 51% reduction in GI score with p<0.001. Mean baseline PI score was 3.80, while the 4 week mean PI score was reduced to 2.68. This represents a 29% reduction in PI score with p<0.001. In addition, subjects completed a questionnaire (5 questions) at baseline and at 4 weeks to assess their oral health knowledge. The subject population was found to have statistically significantly (p<0.05) greater knowledge with respect to optimal brushing time and optimal frequency of dental recall visits following the program at week 4. Collectively, these data support the role of the educational program in promoting improved oral health in these children over a one month period.

Citation

Biesbrock AR, Walters PA, Bartizek RD. Initial Impact of a National Dental Education Program on the Oral Health and Dental Knowledge of Children. J Contemp Dent Pract 2003 May;(4)2:001-010.
Common Errors on Panoramic Radiographs Taken in a Dental School
Authors: Akarslan Zühre Zafersoy , Erten Hülya , Güngör Kahraman , Çelik Likay
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency of common errors seen on panoramic radiographs taken in the Radiology Department of a dental school by trained assistants. Four hundred and sixty radiographs were evaluated for 20 categories of common errors. Out of the evaluated radiographs, 37.61% were found to be error-free. The most common errors were found to be the palatoglossal airspace shadow of air above the tongue due to the patient not raising the tongue against the palate (46.30%) and the superimposition of hyoid bone with the mandible (26.30%) respectively. The least common error was found to be dirty or bent films (0.21%). The quality of panoramic radiographs could be enhanced by improving radiographic technique.

Citation

Akarslan ZZ, Erten H, Güngör K, et. al. Common Errors on Panoramic Radiographs Taken in a Dental School. J Contemp Dent Pract 2003 May;(4)2:024-034.
A Pilot Study on the Oral Conditions of Severely Alcohol Addicted Persons
Authors: Hornecker Else , Muuß Torsten , Ehrenreich Hannelore , Mausberg Rainer F
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the oral status, drinking, smoking, and oral hygiene habits of alcoholics. One hundred severely addicted alcoholics were examined during the in-patient treatment for detoxification (mean age: 44 years; 68 males/32 females) The study included a questionnaire and an oral examination that measured DMF-T, QHI, PBI, and CPI. The majority of alcoholics were heavy smokers (>30 cigarettes/day). Fifty-two percent of the alcoholics stated they frequently forgot to brush their teeth and 43% observed bleeding of their gums. The mean DMF-T was 20 (2 D-T, 9 M-T, 9 F-T), the mean QHI was 2.4, and the mean PBI was 1.8. Forty-nine percent of the sextants were scored CPI 3 or 4; about 25% were edentulous (CPI X). Our results indicate severe alcoholics have a high risk of periodontal break down and tooth loss. To what extent these findings were caused by general/oral neglect alone (in combination with nicotine abuse) is at present unknown.

Citation

Hornecker E, Muuß T, Ehrenreich H, et. al. A Pilot Study on the Oral Conditions of Severely Alcohol Addicted Persons. J Contemp Dent Pract 2003 May;(4)2:051-059.
The Effect of Oral Hygiene Instructions On Diabetic Type 2 Male Patients With Periodontal Diseases
Authors: Almas Khalid , Al-Lazzam Suleman , Al-Quadairi Abdulla
Published: July 2019

Periodontal disease and diabetes are two common chronic diseases affecting humans. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of oral hygiene instructions on periodontal disease among type 2 male diabetic Saudi subjects. Sixty subjects completed the study and were divided into three groups of 20: healthy (non-diabetic) with periodontal disease, type 2 diabetic with early or moderate periodontal disease, and type 2 diabetic with advanced periodontitis. The age ranged from 24-64 (42 ± 13.60) years. The subjects were examined at King Saud University, College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Oral hygiene practices and smoking habits were recorded. Oral hygiene instructions given to patients were to use an Oral B medium toothbrush and brush three times daily for 7 days using the by Bass technique for 2 minutes. Fasting blood glucose level (FBGL), gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN), and plaque index (Pll) were used to assess patients’ profiles at baseline and at recall visit after 7 days. The results showed there was a significant overall decrease in FBGL, baseline 172.67 mg/dl (±64.69) to recall visit 162.20 (±58.78) P = 0.000, and GCF volume decreased from .4041 µl (±.1260) to .3698 µl (±.1164) P = 0.000. There was a significant reduction in subjects’ CPITN mean scores (from 13.98 (±8.24) to 13.32 (±8.97) P = 0.000), but there was no significant difference in Group 3 with advanced periodontitis, i.e., 22.25 (±1.37) to 22.30 (±1.38).

There was more than a 47% reduction in the overall percentage of plaque scores. The decrease ranged from 82.27 (±19.34) to 34.45 (±17.04) at baseline and recall visit respectively. It is concluded oral hygiene instructions (a standardized regimen) has an effect on FBGL, GCF, CPITN, and PlI. It is also concluded CPITN is not very sensitive to assess change in periodontal status over a 7 days period.

Further studies are needed among diabetic and healthy subjects with a larger sample size and over a longer period of time.

Citation

Almas K, Al-Lazzam S, Al-Quadairi A. The Effect of Oral Hygiene Instructions On Diabetic Type 2 Male Patients With Periodontal Diseases. J Contemp Dent Pract 2003 August;(4)3:040-051.
Atypical Localizated Deep Pocket Due to a Cemental Tear: Case Report
Authors: Marquam Barbara J.
Published: July 2019

A 71-year old patient with a history of minimal periodontal attachment loss presented with an asymptomatic, non-bleeding, isolated deep pocket on the mesio-facial of a central incisor. Such localized, deep pockets are most frequently associated with a root fracture or an abscess, but in this case an atypical ledge-like projection determined to be a cemental tear was detected at the base of the 6 mm pocket. Periodontal flap surgery revealed a partial detachment of the cementum. Uneventful resolution of the pocket was achieved following root planing to remove the cemental fragment and placement of a bone graft and resorbable membrane. This article reviews the nature, predisposing factors, causes, clinical significance, and treatment of cemental tears.

Citation

Marquam BJ. Atypical Localized Deep Pocket Due to a Cemental Tear: Case Report. J Contemp Dent Pract 2003 August;(4)3:052-064.
Uncommon Peripheral Osteoma of the Mandible: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Ertaş Ümit , Tozoglu Sinan
Published: July 2019

The osteoma is a benign osteogenic neoplasm of bone. Peripheral osteoma of the mandible is uncommon. It is often asymptomatic and usually discovered when a patient complains of esthetic problems and presents for treatment. Peripheral osteomas have a characteristic clinical and radiographic appearance, but their pathogenesis is obscure. Described here are two patients with peripheral osteoma of the mandible, which might occur as a result of a combination of trauma and muscle traction.

Citation

Ertas Ü, Tozoglu S. Uncommon Peripheral Osteoma of the Mandible: Report of Two Cases. J Contemp Dent Pract 2003 August;(4)3:098-103.
It's Magic: A Unique Practice Management Strategy
Authors: Schwarts Steven
Published: July 2019

For thousands of years prior to the advent of modern dentistry, magic has been used to entertain, impress, and motivate individuals. Today's dental professionals are using the concept of The Magic of a Healthy Smile through their use of modern clinical techniques and as a means for practice marketing, patient education, and the reduction of patient stress and fear. This article describes how dentists/magicians have incorporated magic into their practices and the benefits of this useful patient management strategy. A script of the “Happy Tooth Magic Show” and resources for dentists to create their own dental magic show are provided.

Citation

Schwartz S. It's Magic: A Unique Practice Management Strategy. J Contemp Dent Pract 2003 November;(4)4:000-000.
Factors Affecting Saudi Parents’ Perception of their Children's First Dental Visit
Authors: Al-Shalan Thakib A.
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different socio-demographic factors of Saudi parents on their knowledge and attitudes toward their children's first dental visit. For this purpose, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 909 Saudi parents attending the dental clinic of the College of Dentistry at King Saud University, Riyadh. Results showed none of the factors studied have an affect on the parents’ knowledge about the timing of the first dental visit (X2test, P > 0.05). Significant differences were observed when the factors were tested on parents’ attitudes toward behavior modification and management during the first dental visit (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed between male and female participants when asked about what should be done in the first dental visit in the absence of pain (P>0.05). However, significant differences were observed with the parents’ ages and the number of children (P = 0.027 and 0.009 respectively). The majority of parents responded they would still visit the dentist after the treatment of the chief complaint. Based on the results, it can be concluded that Saudi parents lack sufficient knowledge about the timing of the first dental visit and the importance of behavior modification for their children.

Citation

Al-Shalan TA. Factors Affecting Saudi Parents’ Perception of their Children's First Dental Visit. J Contemp Dent Pract 2003 November;(4)4:054-066.
Professional Vital Bleaching Using a Thin and Concentrated Peroxide Gel on Whitening Strips: An Integrated Clinical Summary
Authors: Gerlach Robert W. , Barker Matthew L.
Published: July 2019

Rapid innovation in vital bleaching continues to expand the number of treatment options available to patients, particularly in the area of at-home whitening. The development of bleaching strips represented a new paradigm in the delivery of peroxide. The efficacy and safety of bleaching strip systems delivering up to 6.5% hydrogen peroxide has been established in numerous randomized clinical trials. In 2003, a novel bleaching strip with 14% hydrogen peroxide (Crest®Whitestrips®Supreme) was introduced. This advanced system carries a thinner but more concentrated gel on each strip, resulting in a relatively similar total amount of peroxide as compared to other strip systems. This 2-variable change, higher concentration gel with lowered gel volume translates to improved whitening without adversely affecting oral soft tissue tolerability and irritation. This paper provides an integrated review of 9 comparative clinical trials evaluating the whitening response (six trials) and safety (nine trials) of this novel vital bleaching system. Efficacy results for the 14% hydrogen peroxide strips were significantly (p<0.05) better than the placebo or pooled positive controls evaluated in the clinical trials assessing tooth color or shade. Adverse events were similar in type to the other vital bleaching systems. Overall, the research of 408 patients showed generally better efficacy and similar to or better tolerability for the 14% hydrogen peroxide strips compared to a selected group of marketed positive bleaching controls.

Citation

Gerlach RW, Barker ML. Professional Vital Bleaching Using a Thin and Concentrated Peroxide Gel on Whitening Strips: An Integrated Clinical Summary. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 February;(5)1:001-017.
The Bilateral Occurrence of Dental Caries Among 12-13 and 15-19 Year Old School Children
Authors: Wyne Amjad Hussain
Published: July 2019

The purpose of the study was to determine the bilateral occurrence of dental caries in 12-13 year old and 15-19 year old Saudi school children. There were 673 children (324 boys and 349 girls) in the 12-13 year old group and 734 children (399 boys and 335 girls) in the 15-19 year old group with mean ages of 13.1 (SD 0.7) years and 16.4 (SD 1.2) years, respectively. All children were examined for dental caries using the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for the diagnosis of dental caries. There were no significant differences between the caries prevalence of right and left sides for most teeth at the significance level of 0.05. Among 12-13 year old children, maxillary first molars (86.5%), mandibular central incisors (86.2%), and mandibular first molars (86.0%) showed very high (p < .01) caries bilaterality. Among the 15-19 year old children, mandibular first molars (91.6%), maxillary first molars (87.9%), and mandibular second molars (79.9%) showed very high (p < .01) caries bilaterality. The conditional probability for bilateral occurrence of caries was highest in first molars followed by second molars and central incisors. The bilateral caries occurrence and conditional probability for bilateral caries occurrence were significantly higher (p < .05) in 15-19 year old children as compared to 12-13 year old children. It was concluded caries bilaterality and the conditional probability for bilateral caries occurrence was high in the study population.

Citation

Wyne AH. The Bilateral Occurrence of Dental Caries Among 12-13 and 15-19 Year Old School Children. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 February;(5)1:042-052.
Vitamin C in Health and Disease
Authors: Bsoul Samer A. , Terezhalmy Geza T.
Published: July 2019

Vitamins are essential to maintain normal metabolic processes and homeostasis within the body. The amount of a specific vitamin required by an individual varies considerably and it is influenced by such factors as body size, growth rate, physical activity, and pregnancy. Most vitamins are stored minimally in human cells, but some are stored in liver cells to a greater extent. Vitamins A and D, for example, may be stored in sufficient amounts to maintain an individual without any intake for 5 to 10 months and 2 to 4 months, respectively. However, a deficiency of vitamin B compounds (except vitamin B12) may be noted within days, and the lack of vitamin C will manifest within weeks and may result in death in 5 to 6 months. The current recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of vitamin C is 75 mg for woman and 90 mg for men, based on the vitamin's role as an antioxidant as well as protection from deficiency. High intakes of the vitamin are generally well tolerated, however, a Tolerable Upper Level (TUL) was recently set at 2 g based on gastrointestinal upset that sometimes accompanies excessive dosages. Several populations warrant special attention with respect to vitamin C requirements. These include patients with periodontal disease, smokers, pregnant and lactating women, and the elderly.

Citation

Bsoul SA, Terezhalmy GT. Vitamin C in Health and Disease. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 May;(5)2:001-013.
Occupational Hazards Among Clinical Dental Staff
Authors: Owotade Foluso John , Fasunioro Adebola
Published: July 2019

Although identification of risks to dental healthcare workers has been explored in several industrialized nations, very little data is available from developing countries. This paper examines the occupational hazards present in the dental environment and reports survey results concerning attitudes and activities of a group of Nigerian dental care providers.

A survey on occupational hazards was conducted among the clinical dental staff at the Dental Hospital of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife in Osun State, Nigeria. Thirty eight of the forty staff responded, yielding a response rate of 95%. Subject ages ranged from 26 to 56 years with approximately 25% in the 31-46 year old bracket. All of the staff were aware of the occupational exposure to hazards, and the majority had attended seminars/workshops on the subject. Only five staff members (13.2%) owned a health insurance policy and 26 (68.4%) had been vaccinated against Hepatitis B infection. All dentists (24) had been vaccinated compared with only two non-dentists; this relationship was significant (p= 30.07, x2=0.000). Fourteen members of the clinical staff (36.8%) could recall a sharp injury in the past six months, and the majority (71.1%) had regular contact with dental amalgam. Wearing protective eye goggles was the least employed cross infection control measure, while backache was the most frequently experienced hazard in 47% of the subjects. The need for Hepatitis B vaccinations for all members of the staff was emphasized, and the enforcement of strict cross infection control measures was recommended. The physical activities and body positions that predispose workers to backaches were identified and staff education on the prevention of backaches was provided.

Citation

Fasunloro A, Owotade FJ. Occupational Hazards Among Clinical Dental Staff. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 May;(5)2:134-152.
Sulphur By-Product: The Relationship between Volatile Sulphur Compounds and Dental Plaque-Induced Gingivitis
Authors: Zhou Hui , McCombs Gayle B. , Darby Michele L. , Marinak K.
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) and gingival health status, and to monitor the changes in VSC in early dental plaque-induced gingivitis. Using an experimental gingivitis model, twelve subjects between 19 and 28 years old, with a healthy gingival status, refrained from brushing and flossing one randomly selected half of the mandibular arch for two weeks. At baseline and during six subsequent appointments, gingival inflammation (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and sulfide levels (SUL) were measured using the Gingival Index and the Diamond Probe/Perio 2000 System. The Spearman correlation was used to compare the relationships between SUL, GI, and BOP on the brushing (B) and non-brushing (NB) sides. Data on the NB side revealed a stronger correlation than on the B side. Wilcoxon rank sum was used to evaluate the differences between mean SUL, GI, and BOP scores on the B and NB sides over time. Results indicate that SUL were the first periodontal parameter to show a significant difference between sides. SUL were significantly higher on the NB side at 4 of the 6 data collection intervals; therefore, SUL may be associated with the initiation and progression of early plaque-induced gingivitis.

Citation

Zhou H, McCombs GB, Darby ML, et. al. Sulphur By-Product: The Relationship between Volatile Sulphur Compounds and Dental Plaque-Induced Gingivitis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 May;(5)2:027-039.
Streptococcal Gingivitis: A Report of Case with a Description of a Unique Gingival Prothesis
Authors: Çiçek Yasin , Özgöz Mehmet , Çanakçi Varol , Orbak Recep
Published: July 2019

Acute streptococcal gingivitis is an acute inflammation of the oral mucosa. Specific bacterial infections of the gingiva may be due to neisseria gonorrhea, treponema pallidum, streptococci, and other organisms. Streptococcal infections are seen rarely. This case report describes a patient who presented with severe gingival inflammation and pain that was diagnosed as an acute streptococcal infection. Bacterial cultures were obtained from the lesion, and biopsies were obtained from the gingiva of lower incisors for histopathologic evaluation. The patient was successfully treated using conventional periodontal therapy (scaling, root planning, curettage) and antibacterial agents. The reconstructive phase for this patient consisted of the fabrication of a heat-cured acrylic gingival facade to mask the gingival recession. The treatment of acute gingivostomatitis is of importance because of the possibility of systemic secondary infections. When esthetics is important, a gingival prostheses can be considered. The differential diagnosis, etiology, and treatment of acute streptococcal gingivitis are discussed and the literature is reviewed in this report.

Citation

Çiçek Y, Özgöz M, Çanakçi, et. al Streptococcal Gingivitis: A Report of Case with a Description of a Unique Gingival Prosthesis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 August;(5)3:150-157.
Neoplasms of the Salivary Glands: A Descriptive Retrospective Study of 142 Cases-Mulago Hospital Uganda
Authors: Kasangaki Arabat , Kamulegeya Adrian
Published: July 2019

Objective

This study was aimed at establishing the prevalence, sex, age, and site distribution of salivary gland neoplasms as seen in the Department of Oral Surgery Mulago Hospital Uganda.

Design

Descriptive retrospective study.

Materials and Methods

Histopathological results from the Department of Oral Surgery were retrieved and analyzed for histological diagnosis, age, sex, and site. Records retrieved included those from January 1988 to December 2000. Student's t-test and z-test were used for data analysis.

Results

Of all neoplasms seen in the Department between 1988 and 2000, salivary gland tumors comprised 7.8% of which 77 (54.23%) were benign and 65 (45.77%) were malignant. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most prevalent over all. Among the malignant group, adenocarcinoma was the most prevalent of those where the palate was the most affected site. The age range was 1-80 years with the overall mean age being 33.83 ± 18. 83. The mean age for the benign lesions was 26.74 ± 16.0 and for the malignant lesions was 42.49 ± 19.15.

Conclusion

The findings were in agreement with most African studies but differed from studies from the other continents. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most prevalent salivary gland neoplasm with both males and females affected equally. More research is needed on specific salivary gland neoplasms in Uganda and preferentially on a regional basis geographically. However, if valid data on the diagnosis as well as age, site, and sex distribution are to be obtained, an improvement in the standardization of diagnosis and reporting of patient data will be necessary.

Citation

Kasangaki A, Kamulegeya A. Neoplasms of the Salivary Glands: A Descriptive Retrospective Study of 142 Cases-Mulago Hospital Uganda. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 August;(5)3:016-027.
Condylar Asymmetry Measurements in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders
Authors: Sağlam Ali Alp , Şanli Gülperi
Published: July 2019

Objectives

The relationship between condylar asymmetry and handedness of the patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and patients with no signs or symptoms of TMD was investigated. The experimental group consisted of 25 patients aged 15 to 52 years who were referred for treatment of TMD. The mean age of this group was 26.24 years. The control group consisted of 25 patients aged 14 to 52 years (mean age: 26.16 years).

Methods

The formula by Habets et al.14 was used to express the symmetry between the condyles and the rami on the orthopantomogram (OPG) image. Differences between bothgroups and subgroups (condyle, ramus, condyle plus ramus) regarding symmetry were calculated with the Student's t-test.

Results

The mean of condylar asymmetry was found to be 11.11 ± 11.03% in the TMD group. However, in the control group, the mean of condylar asymmetry was found to be 8.36 ± 6.27%. No statistically significant differences were found between condylar asymmetry in both groups (p>0.05).

Conclusions

No statistically significant differences were found between condylar asymmetry index in patients with TMD according to myogenous problems and in patients with no signs or symptoms of TMD.

Citation

Sağlam AA, Şanli G. Condylar Asymmetry Measurements in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 August;(5)3:059-065.
Treatment of Xerostomia in Prosthetic Patients Using Local Acupuncture Points on the Face
Authors: Wang Wendy C , Vachiramon Siriporn , Vachiramon Amornpong , Vachiramon Tharin
Published: July 2019

Acupuncture is gaining popularity in mainstream dentistry to treat various conditions. This paper aims to present acupuncture techniques to treat prosthetic patients with xerostomia using local acupuncture points on the face.

Citation

Wang WC, Vachiramon S, Vachiramon A, et. al. Treatment of Xerostomia in Prosthetic Patients Using Local Acupuncture Points on the Face. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 November;(5)4:133-138.
Flowable Composites as “Filled Adhesives:” A Microleakage Study
Authors: Sensi Luis Guilherme , Marson Fabiano Carlos , Monteiro Sylvio , Baratieri Luiz Narciso , de Andrada Mauro Amaral Caldeira
Published: July 2019

Objective

The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the microleakage at dentin margins of a flowable resin composite associated with an adhesive, either light cured separately or co-cured, in Class V cavities.

Materials and Methods

Twenty four recently extracted human molars were prepared with standardized boxshaped Class V cavities of 3.0 mm (mesial-distal), 2.0 mm (occlusal-gingival), and 2.0 mm depth with margins located on enamel and dentin/cementum on the buccal or lingual surfaces. The cavities were randomly assigned into three groups (n=8): Group I – Single Bond + Filtek Z250 (control); Group II – Single Bond + Filtek Flow (light cured separately) + Filtek Z250; and Group III – Single Bond + Filtek Flow co-cured (light cured simultaneously) + Filtek Z250. After being immersed in tap water for 24 h, the specimens were thermocycled (1000x, 5°-55°C, 30 sec dwell time) and immersed in a 0.5% basic fuchsine solution for 24 h. The restorations were sectioned longitudinally and gingival margins were evaluated for microleakage using a 0-4 scale. Data were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis test at p<0.05.

Results

A statistically significant difference at p = 0.0044 between Groups 1 and 3 and Groups 2 and 3 was observed. Although Group 2 performed slightly better than Group 1, no significant difference was observed.

Conclusion

The use of a flowable resin composite cured simultaneously with an adhesive yielded the worst results in this study. As no statistical differences were seen between Groups 1 and 2, the use of a flowable composite as a means of minimizing microleakage at dentin margins may be questioned.

Citation

Sensi LG, Marson FC, Monteiro S Jr., Baratieri LN, de Andrada MAC. Flowable Composites as “Filled Adhesives:” A Microleakage Study . J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 November;(5)4:032-041.
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Bacterial Aerosols
Authors: Maghlouth Adnan Al , Yousef Yousef Al , Bagieh Nasir Al
Published: July 2019

The objective of this study was to investigate qualitatively and quantitatively the bacterial aerosols before, during, and after clinical work sessions in different areas within a multichair dental clinic, an isolation clinic, the sterilization center, and the prosthetic laboratory in the College of Dentistry, King Saud University. Also, the contributions of aerosols generated by different types of dental procedures were investigated. Air sampling using blood and heart infusion agar plates at four selected areas was performed three times per day over a 2-week period before, during, and after clinical sessions. The concentration of total bacterial aerosols was 5 times higher in the multichair clinic, 3.6 times higher in the prosthetic laboratory, 2 times higher in the sterilization center and isolation clinic during working sessions as compared to before the working sessions. At the end of the working day, aerosols decreased 50-70% in all areas. Staphylococcus epidermidis had the highest prevalence (37.12q%) of colony composition of bacteria examined. This study demonstrates that aerosols increase during and after work sessions and, therefore, increase the chance for infectious agent transmission. Preventive measures should be instituted to reduce or disrupt aerosols as a transmission route in the multichair dental clinic, sterilization center, prosthetic laboratory, and isolation clinic.

Citation

Al Maghlouth A, Al Yousef Y, Al Bagieh N. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Bacterial Aerosols. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 November;(5)4:091-100.
Geographic Tongue: Clinical Characteristics of 188 Cases
Authors: Jainkittivong Aree , Langlais Robert P.
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and assess other factors associated with geographic tongue in Thailand. One hundred and eighty-eight Thais with geographic tongue and 188 controls were interviewed regarding their medical history, symptoms, and the nature and migratory pattern of their lesions. Variations in the clinical appearance, lesion location, and any associated tongue fissures were recorded. The age range for the 188 subjects was 9 to 79 years. The highest incidence (39.4%) occurred in the 20-29 age group. Women were affected more than men (1.5:1). The leading group of medical conditions consisted of allergy-related disorders; however, the incidence of these problems among both subjects and controls was not significantly different (55.2% vs. 44.8%). Our results demonstrated a significant co-existence of geographic tongue and fissured tongue. Most of the geographic tongue lesions manifested a typical appearance consisting of a central atrophic area bounded by a raised white circinate line (69.1%) with multiple tongue sites affected (62.8%). The most common locations were at the lateral margins and tip of the tongue. The majority of our subjects (75.5%) were asymptomatic. The results of this study correspond with the findings of previous geographic tongue studies in other populations.

Citation

Jainkittivong A, Langlais RP. Geographic Tongue: Clinical Characteristics of 188 Cases. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 February;(6)1:123-135.
Clinical Experience with Parotid Gland Enlargement in HIV Infection: A Report of Five Cases in Nigeria
Authors: Owotade Foluso J. , Fatusi Olawunmi A. , Adebiyi Kehinde E. , Ajike Sunday O. , Folayan Morenike O.
Published: July 2019

A changing picture of oral lesions associated with HIV/AIDS has been documented. With the use of antiretroviral therapy, salivary gland swellings and other less common conditions associated with HIV/AIDS are now becoming more common. Our review of the literature showed the presence of parotid swelling in HIV-1 infection has increased from a range of 5-10% to 20% in AIDS. However, to the best of our knowledge, none from sub-Saharan Africa, which is the epicenter of the HIV infection and where access to antiretroviral therapy is poorest, has been primarily reported in literature.

This report documents five cases of bilateral parotid gland enlargement as the presenting clinical manifestation of HIV/AIDS. The combination of a fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy, ultrasound imaging, and histological diagnosis increased the accuracy of diagnosis. While two patients had access to antiretroviral therapy, other modes of management were cystic aspiration and parotidectomy. One of the patients treated with parotidectomy had facial nerve injury, and the short-term aesthetic outcome between surgical treatment and antiretroviral therapy did not appear different. However, all our patients were lost to follow-up within a 2-year period.

For a resource-constrained environment like Nigeria where stigma and discrimination is high and access to antiretroviral therapy is limited, there is a need to understand how best to manage a lymphoepithelial lesion in HIV/AIDS patients.

Citation

Owotade FJ, Fatusi OA, Adebiyi KE, Ajike SO, Folayan MO. Clinical Experience with Parotid Gland Enlargement in HIV Infection: A Report of Five Cases in Nigeria. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 February;(6)1:136-145.
Emotional Effects of Malocclusion in Nigerian Orthodontic Patients
Authors: Onyeaso Chukwudi O. , Utomi Ifeoma L. , Ibekwe Titus S.
Published: July 2019

Aim

To assess the emotional effects of malocclusion among Nigerian orthodontic patients.

Design

A questionnaire survey.

Subjects and Methods

A questionnaire was completed by 221 Nigerian orthodontic patients undergoing routine orthodontic care at the Orthodontic Unit, Department of Preventive Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan and the Department of Child Dental Health, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, both in South-West Nigeria. The participants were comprised of 97 (43%) males and 124 (56.1%) females with age range of 6-40 years (mean age, 13.82 ± 8.01 SD). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test.

Results

About 44% of all participants had not yet accepted their malocclusions, while 56.6% of all subjects reported for orthodontic care due to aesthetic reasons. Twenty-seven percent of the subjects were depressed the first time they notice their malocclusions. Over 40% of the participants reported feeling less confident as a result of their malocclusions and about 55% of them felt their malocclusions negatively affected their general facial appearances. Normal activities restricted in some of the subjects due to malocclusion included laughing in public (48.9%), meeting people in public (32%), and forming close relationships (20.4%). The majority (64.7%) of the subjects discussed their malocclusions with their parents, followed by dentists (35.3%).

Conclusion

The psychosocial effects of malocclusion in Nigerian orthodontic patients were considerable with no significant gender differences. Considering such factors, professional counseling of Nigerian orthodontic patients is encouraged.

Citation

Onyeaso CO, Utomi IL, Ibekwe TS. Emotional Effects of Malocclusion in Nigerian Orthodontic Patients. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 February;(6)1:064-073.
An Evaluation of Survival of Space Maintainers: A Six-year Follow-up Study
Authors: Tulunoglu Ozlem , Ulusu Tezer , Genç Yasemin
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the median survival time of fixed and removable space maintainers related to age groups, gender, and their distribution in upper and lower dental arches. The adherence of patients to a periodic recall program and the success rate of different types of space maintainers related to different arches were also evaluated. This study included 663 patients aged between 4-15 years old that were treated between the years of 1997 and 2002. The patients were categorized into four main groups: lost to follow-up, failed, successful, and censored at the end of study. Three hundred forty-five space maintainers were considered lost to follow-up, 83 were considered failed, 206 successful, and 20 censored-at-end. The overall median survival time of the appliances was 6.51 months. Median survival time was 7.25 months in the 4-6 age group, 6.35 months in the 7-12 age group, and 7.0 months in the 13+ age groups. Median survival time was 5.76 months in girls and 7.11 months in boys. Median survival time of space maintainers was 7.17 months for maxilla and 6.69 months in the mandible. Median survival time was 5.25 months for space maintainers fabricated in both arches.

Citation

Tulunoglu Ö, Ulusu T, Genç Y. An Evaluation of Survival of Space Maintainers: A Six-year Follow-up Study J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 February;(6)1:074-084.
The Effect of Bleaching Agents on the Surface Hardness of Tooth Colored Restorative Materials
Authors: Taher Nadia Malek
Published: July 2019

Aim of the Study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of at-home (Opalesence/Dr. kit 15%, Ultradent, Products, Inc. South Jordan, UT, USA) and in-office (Superoxol 35%, Sultan Chemists, Inc., Englewood, NJ, USA) bleaching on the surface hardness of the following tooth colored restorative materials: composite resin, Point-4 (P4), Kerr Corporation, Orange, CA, USA; ormocer, Admira (AD),VOCO, Germany; compomer Dyract AP (DY), Dentsply DeTrey GmbH, Germany; and resin modified glass ionomer cement, Fuji II LC (FL), GC Corporation, Japan.

Methodology

Sixty specimens were prepared; 15 specimens of each material (each group n = 5, control after 15 days, at-home and in-office). All specimens were stored in distilled water at room temperature for 24 hrs before testing. A universal testing machine (Micromet 2100 series micro hardness testers) was used for testing Vicker's surface hardness for the three groups for every tested material. All results were statistically analyzed with one way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Post hoc Tukey HSD tests (P<0.05), and percentage changes for Tukey.

Results

All the tested materials showed an increase in Vicker's surface hardness between base line (24 hrs) and the control group after 15 days storage in distilled water except DY which showed a decrease in surface hardness. All tested materials showed a decrease in surface hardness from control group after 15 days and both at-home and in-office bleaching agents except DY which showed increased values.

Significance

At-home as well as in-office bleaching agents have a softening effect on some tooth colored restorative material, and the patient must be aware before using them.

Citation

Taher NM. The Effect of Bleaching Agents on the Surface Hardness of Tooth Colored Restorative Materials. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 May;(6)2:018-026.
The Weight Change of Various Light-Cured Restorative Materials Stored in Water
Authors: Yalcin Filiz
Published: July 2019

This study investigated weight changes of seven different light-cured composite restorative materials, one polyacid glass ionomer compomer, and one light-cured glass-ionomer cement following short-term and long-term storage in water. Two packable composites, three universal (hybrid) composites, one microglass composite, one polyacid glass ionomer resin composite (compomer), one microhybrid low-viscosity (flowable) composite, and one light cured glass ionomer composite cement were evaluated in this study. The weight changes of these specimens were measured daily (short-term storage), and they were measured after six weeks (long-term storage) using an electronic analytical balance. A significant difference was found in Ionoliner, Dyract AP, Opticor flow, Charisma, and Solitare 2, but no significant difference was found in the others (Filtek Z 250, Filtek P60, TPH Spectrum, and Valux Plus). Weight change showed a tendency to increase with the time of water storage. The greatest weight change occurred in light-cured glass ionomer composite cement (Ionoliner), which is followed in order by the weight changes in Dyract AP, Opticor Flow, Charisma, Solitare 2, Filtek Z250, Filtek P60, TPH Spectrum; Valux Plus had the least amount of change.

Citation

Keyf F, Yalcin F. The Weight Change of Various Light-Cured Restorative Materials Stored in Water. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 May;(6)2:072-079.