bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Por que o mar tem essa cor?
Authors:   Sem registro de afiliação, Ciotti Áurea M.
Published: November 2018

Com o ebook “Por que o mar tem esta cor”, o leitor poderá se sentir como um participante do projeto desenvolvido pelo Centro de Biologia Marinha da Universidade de São Paulo junto à Escola Municipal de Vela de São Sebastião, SP. Poderá entender um pouco mais sobre a cor dos oceanos e ver imagens dessa bela região. A curiosidade que a cor da água do mar desperta, seja por sua beleza ou variação, foi o ponto de partida para uma abordagem de ciência cidadã junto a alunos da escola de vela. Para que fosse possível entender as variações da cor da água do mar, conceitos de óptica, oceanografia e biologia marinha foram apresentados de forma simples e os alunos da escola de vela aplicaram estes conceitos utilizando diversas ferramentas, tais como aparelhos ópticos, o disco de Secchi e a escala de comparativa de FOREL-ULE. Os conhecimentos adquiridos e os resultados das experiências ajudam na prática da vela, pois auxiliam nas escolhas dos percursos, além de fomentar a preservação dos oceanos.”
Cleidocranial dysplasia: description with emphasis on the radiographic aspects of three cases in a family
Authors: Queiroz Rodolfo Mendes , Coelho José Eduardo Martins , Ruiz Leandro Fuso , Cervato Rodrigo Castro , Cervelatti Mariana do Val , Gomes Michela Prestes , Muniz Marcos Pontes
Published: November 2018

We describe three cases of cleidoclavicular dysplasia in a family, a rare genetic syndrome, presenting autosomal dominant behavior, but with 20-40% of sporadic cases, with an estimated incidence of 1-9/ 1.000.000. The study is based on a family consisting of the parent couple, two daughters and one child. In this group, the mother and the two daughters presented a short stature, with a frontal cranial frontotemporal region, prominent sagittal suture mainly in the anterior region, brachycephaly, mild exophthalmia, broad neck and reduction of the laterolateral diameter of the upper portion of the thorax. In the radiographs of the skull and chest, the presence of Wormian bones in the skull cap, supernumerary teeth, anomalies of tooth eruption and absent or rudimentary clavicles were observed in all three. In view of the findings, the diagnosis of cleidocranial dysplasia was established.
Golpe na Cultura - Intelectuais, universidade pública e contextos de crise no Brasil
Authors: Arruda Maria Arminda Do Nascimento
Published: November 2018

O artigo analisa as relações entre as disciplinas humanísticas e culturais, no contexto da crise brasileira atual, que aprofundou a debilidade das instituições públicas de ensino superior no Brasil. Reflete, igualmente, sobre o impacto da transformação do cânone cultural moderno sobre essa área do conhecimento, ao qual se soma o enfraquecimento da esfera institucional. Nessa perspectiva, chama a atenção sobre os impasses da área, oriundos tanto do processo de valorização do domínio técnico e experimental, bem como das profissões ligadas diretamente ao mercado, que produzem novos desafios aos saberes voltados para o tratamento dos fenômenos sociais e da cultura, compelidos a repensar o seu arcabouço analítico e os seus problemas consolidados de pesquisa.
A direita brasileira em perspectiva histórica
Authors: Gentile Fabio
Published: November 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho é pensar o fenômeno da direita brasileira contemporânea numa perspectiva histórica, dado que esta tradição está fortemente enraizada na estrutura econômico-social colonial do país. A proposta metodológicoteórica é de utilizar uma categoria de direita “plural”, caracterizada por uma multiplicidade de experiências, cujo elemento aglutinador é a tensão liberalismoautoritarismo, que atravessa toda a história do Brasil contemporâneo.
“Não falo o que o povo quer, sou o que o povo quer”
Authors: Nascimento Leonardo , Alecrim Mylena , Oliveira Jéfte , Oliveira Mariana , Costa Saulo
Published: November 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a constituição da imagem pública do atual deputado federal Jair Bolsonaro a partir das pautas políticas associadas a ele em 30 anos de matérias jornalísticas. Foram utilizadas matérias de 1987 a 2017 veiculadas por dois jornais impressos de alcance nacional: a Folha de S. Paulo e O Estado de S. Paulo. Ao longo dos diferentes cargos políticos que ocupou, de que maneira seus posicionamentos dentro do debate político foram sendo apresentados a uma infinidade de leitores? Seria possível percebermos algum tipo de continuidade e/ ou alteração de pautas, indicando – ou não – certa “coerência” política? Quais seriam estes posicionamentos ou pautas? Estas são algumas das questões que animaram este trabalho. Na primeira seção do artigo serão feitas algumas ponderações teórico-metodológicas sobre as fontes utilizadas para a compreensão da natureza e do alcance dos nossos dados. Em seguida, apresentamos as técnicas e os métodos empregados, bem como o processo de coleta e caracterização dos dados. A terceira seção descreve a construção das categorias de análise utilizadas. A quarta e última sessão é composta pelos resultados qualitativos e quantitativos obtidos permeados por reflexões sobre as pautas políticas mais recorrentes nas matérias.
Resenha de 'A Nova Razão do Mundo: ensaio sobre a sociedade neoliberal', de Pierre Dardot e Christian Laval
Authors: Borges Samuel Silva
Published: November 2018

Referência completa: Dardot, Pierre; Laval, Christian. A Nova Razão do Mundo: Ensaio sobre a sociedade neoliberal. São Paulo: Editora Boitempo, 2016 [2009].
Amor Estabelecido” - pedido de casamento através de carta
Authors: Queiroz Rita de Cássia Ribeiro de
Published: November 2018

Durante séculos o homem vem registrando, através da escrita, os seus feitos. Todos esses registros representam a memória da humanidade e constituem-se em um vasto acervo documental, classificado pela UNESCO como patrimônio cultural. Vários foram os suportes, dentre eles pedra, mármore, osso, estofo, pele, folhas de palmeira, carapaça de tartaruga, papiro, pergaminho e papel. O documento escrito representa o armazenamento de informações, permitindo a comunicação através do tempo e do espaço. Neste sentido, analisar cartas pessoais, revela o quanto a escrita se fez presente ao longo da história, fazendo com que a distância entre pessoas fosse amenizada. Deste modo, pretendemos, com este artigo, trazer à tona, através dos postulados da Filologia Textual e da Linguística Histórica, a edição de uma carta de pedido de casamento, com a resposta ao pedido, não datada, e uma análise das variações grafemáticas constantes no texto. Embora a carta não esteja datada, traz à baila um hábito que na contemporaneidade não se faz mais entre nós, ou seja, escrever cartas e remetê-las por correio deixou de ser uma prática das novas gerações, mas que revela em si elementos gráficos de uma escrita fonética que indica a baixa escolarização do(a) escrevente.
Do ensino escolar da escrita de textos narrativos
Authors: Rezende Neide Luzia , Souza Maria Celeste de
Published: November 2018

O presente artigo expõe o resultado de um exercício de reflexão teórica acompanhado de outro, complementar, de aplicação prática, realizado no curso de Metodologia de Ensino de Língua Portuguesa (MELP) na Faculdade de Educação da USP, com base ambos baseados na pesquisa que se vem realizando com o objetivo de (re) significar o ensino de escrita de narrativas.
Livro de Isaac: edição crítica da tradução medieval portuguesa da obra de Isaac de Nínive
Authors: Fachin Phablo Roberto Marchis
Published: November 2018

O estudo realizado por César Nardelli Cambraia, publicado em 2017, vem à luz como a primeira edição a divulgar o texto crítico da tradução medieval portuguesa do Livro de Isaac, tratado ascético escrito originalmente em siríaco por volta de fins do século VII por Isaac de Nínive. Trabalho minucioso, realizado com base no confronto dos quatro testemunhos supérstites em que a tradução foi preservada. É uma edição crítica com o objetivo de restituir a forma genuína do texto, a forma original da tradução portuguesa do livro em questão. Como o próprio autor afirma, trata-se de um "trabalho de síntese de um conjunto de estudos sobre o tema feitos entre maio de 1996 e abril de 2017" (CAMBRAIA, 2017, p. XIII). O livro apresenta, de modo muito bem fundamentado, quatro partes. Da primeira, constam informações relevantes sobre a vida de Isaac de Nínive e suas obras, especificamente sobre o Livro de Isaac, seu conteúdo, circulação na Idade Média portuguesa, percurso histórico, descrição dos testemunhos que compõem a sua tradição, características linguísticas, o estema e sua fortuna editorial. Da segunda, o texto crítico, as normas de edição, os critérios para a escolha do texto-base e variantes, a transcrição, casos especiais e o aparato crítico. Da terceira, o glossário seletivo. Da quarta, o índice de citações e referências bíblicas e patrísticas.
O caderno que era diário
Authors: Módolo Marcelo , Fernandes Nathalia Reis
Published: November 2018

A escolha do corpus é, talvez, a parte mais importante do trabalho do crítico textual, uma vez que, a partir daí, abre-se a possibilidade de expor o material e de se encontrar novidades em termos de estudos linguísticos ou literários. No entanto, temos notado uma tendência dos estudiosos dessas áreas em focar em textos cujo gênero é facilmente classificável, talvez pela própria formação desses estudiosos, em um país em que o ensino de gênero foca no instrumentalismo da língua e em gêneros privilegiados pelos vestibulares. A criatividade linguística, com isso, não vem a público, e não se colabora para uma maior disseminação dos gêneros discursivos em formatos não habituais. Este trabalho analisa, portanto, a construção de um gênero de diário menos convencional, mas também importante para os estudos linguísticos e literários.
Da necessidade de edições críticas de grammaticas portuguezas publicadas no Brasil
Authors: Moraes Jorge Viana de
Published: November 2018

O texto apresenta a necessidade de se criar e desenvolver uma linha de pesquisa em edições críticas de Grammaticas Portuguezas publicadas no Brasil entre os séculos XIX e XX, como auxílio à História das Ideias Linguísticas e à Gramaticografia brasileira. Apontam-se, neste sentido, alguns caminhos para a consolidação da tarefa filológica, stricto senso, na edição dessas grammaticas em nosso âmbito acadêmico, o que faz do presente trabalho um artigo programático. Para ilustrar, traz, também, pequenos exemplos de trabalhos que poderiam ser realizados em edições de textos de algumas principais gramáticas publicadas no Brasil no referido período.
Syringe Sharing and the Risk of Viral Transmission Among People Who Inject Drugs in Nigeria: Structural, Relational, and Subjective Influences on Behaviors
Authors: Nelson Ediomo-Ubong E. , Abikoye Gboyega E.
Published: November 2018

In this article, we report findings of a qualitative study on structural, relational, and subjective determinants of injecting risks. Forty-one current people who inject drugs (PWIDs) were recruited through snowball sampling in Uyo, Nigeria. They were interviewed with a loosely structured interview guide. We employed inductive and thematic analysis of interview transcripts. PWIDs recognize the risk of viral transmission through sharing of syringes. As countermeasures, they inject with sterile syringes, refuse to borrow syringes, and disinfect borrowed syringes. Risk reduction efforts are undermined by withdrawal, pleasure seeking, public injecting settings, policing, social networks, and intimate relationships. These factors create a risk environment for viral transmission. Pleasure-seeking and risk reduction practices show agency and subjectivity, counterbalancing current emphasis on structural determinants of injecting risks. Findings indicate the need for policy reforms, needle and syringe provision, oral drug substitution, safe injecting environments, and peer education. Interventions should build on PWIDs’ agency and risk management practices.
Diverse interpretations enabling the continuity of community renewable energy projects: A case study of a woody biomass project in rural area of Japan
Authors: Horiuchi Kazuki
Published: November 2018

Community renewable energy projects have captured significant attention due to their potential to tackle climate change by socially and economically empowering local societies. Recently, however, various difficulties in the continuity of such projects over extended periods of time have been reported. As a case study, this article explores a woody biomass project, planned and put into practice by local people, which has lasted for over 10 years. The article first examines the process of collective decision-making among members who have diverse motivations. It then focuses on how the project objectives have been interpreted by individual members, paying particular attention to each member’s practice. The article shows that decisions related to the project were based on the diverse and constant social interactions between members, which focused on their collaboration rather than overall quantitative goals. I argue, both theoretically and empirically, that this vagueness of the overall goals has enabled the project’s continuity. Based on their own practices, it has allowed each project member to interpret the project and to gain a sense of its success. Diversity of practices within a project leads to plural sets of values, which bring sustainability to a project running in an uncertain context.
The commuting rural labour forces revealed by mobile phone trace data
Authors: Gao Xuesong , Liu Lun , Zhuang Jiexin , Ou Dinghua , Li Qiquan , Deng Ouping , Li Jianqiang , Zeng Min
Published: November 2018

Many rural labour forces are involved in non-farm employment and follow a non-traditional lifestyle in developing countries. Among the different types of new livelihoods, rural–urban commuting has received relatively scant research. To fill this gap, this study takes advantage of mobile phone trace data, which has been widely used in urban studies but less so in rural topics. From one week’s mobile phone trace data in the city of Chengdu, China, the study identifies the home and work locations of 819,047 members of the rural labour force and visualizes the home–work location pairs. The graphic shows that 7% of the rural labour force commute to urban areas to work almost every day. Although the number is not large in itself, it reveals a shifting livelihood and lifestyle in developing countries which is worthy of attention in rural policy-making.
Sleep in cluster headache revisited: Results from a controlled actigraphic study
Authors: Lund Nunu LT , Snoer Agneta Henriette , Jennum Poul Jørgen , Jensen Rigmor Højland , Barloese Mads Christian J
Published: November 2018

Background and aim

Cluster headache attacks exhibit a nocturnal predilection, but little is known of long-term sleep and circadian rhythm. The aim was to compare actigraphy measures, firstly in episodic cluster headache patients in bout and in remission and, secondly, to compare each disease phase with controls.

Methods

Episodic cluster headache patients (ICHD III-beta), from the Danish Headache Center and healthy, age- and sex-matched controls participated. Sleep and activity were measured using actigraphy continuously for 2 weeks, along with sleep diaries and, for patients, also attack registration.

Results

Patients in bout (n = 17, 2.3 attacks/day) spent more time in bed (8.4 vs. 7.7 hours, p = 0.021) and slept more (7.2 vs. 6.6 hours, p = 0.036) than controls (n = 15). In remission (n = 11), there were no differences compared with controls. Neither were there differences between patients in the two disease phases. In five patients, attacks/awakenings occurred at the same hour several nights in a row.

Conclusion

Actigraphy offers the possibility of a continuous and long study period in a natural (non-hospital) environment. The study indicates that sleep does not differ between the bout and remission phase of episodic cluster headache. The repeated attacks/awakenings substantiate that circadian or homeostatic mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology. The protocol was made available at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02853487).
The search for a container in a precarious environment
Authors: O’Mahony Judy , Bereen Siobhán
Published: November 2018

This article explores the impact of the parallel process of a precarious environment on a multicultural therapy group for women survivors of torture and persecution who had sought asylum in Ireland. The environments for both therapists and group members were experienced as producing ‘unthinkable anxiety’ (Winnicott, 1962: 57). For the therapists, their context was of threatened dismissal due to organizational restructuring, and for the group members it was the threat of deportation. The impact shaped decisions pertaining to the dynamic administration of how the group should be conducted and for how long. It led to a clinical crisis when the anxiety in the group became enmeshed, provoking primitive defences which affected the capacity to think, and blocked understanding on the part of the therapists.

Flexibility in the level of leadership activity allowed for a containing process to take place and the group to become the therapist (Sclapobersky, 2016: 210). This flexible approach enabled the naming of an anxiety for the group as a whole which bound together the fragmented, intense emotions, and opened up the reflective space to the contents the members wished to have contained (Hinshelwood, 1994: 102). All names have been changed and the group gave consent for the authors to write about this experience.
A three-dimensional human skin model to evaluate the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus by antimicrobial peptide-functionalized silver carbon nanotubes
Authors: Chaudhari Atul A , Joshi Sameer , Vig Komal , Sahu Rajnish , Dixit Saurabh , Baganizi Rade , Dennis Vida A , Singh Shree R , Pillai Shreekumar
Published: November 2018

Objective

To investigate the toxicity and antibacterial application of antimicrobial peptide-functionalized silver-coated carbon nanotubes against Staphylococcus infection using a full thickness human three-dimensional skin model.

Materials and methods

The three-dimensional skin formation on the scaffolds was characterized by electron microscopy and investigation of several skin cell markers by real time–reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Functionalized silver-coated carbon nanotubes were prepared using carboxylated silver-coated carbon nanotubes with antimicrobial peptides such as TP359, TP226 and TP557. Following the characterization and toxicity evaluation, the antibacterial activity of functionalized silver-coated carbon nanotubes against Staphylococcus aureus was investigated using a bacterial enumeration assay and scanning electron microscopy. For this purpose, a scar on the human three-dimensional skin grown on Alvetex scaffold using keratinocytes and fibroblasts cells was created by taking precaution not to break the scaffold beneath, followed by incubation with 5 µg/mL of functionalized silver-coated carbon nanotubes re-suspended in minimum essential medium for 2 h. Post 2-h incubation, 200 µL of minimum essential medium containing 1 × 104 colony forming units of Staphylococcus aureus were incubated for 2 h. After incubation with bacteria, the colony forming unit/gram (cfu/g) of skin tissue were counted using the plate count assay and the samples were processed for scanning electron microscopy analysis.

Results

MTT assay revealed no toxicity of functionalized silver-coated carbon nanotubes to the skin cells such as keratinocytes and fibroblasts at 5 µg/mL with 98% cell viability. The bacterial count increased from 104 to 108 cfu/g in the non-treated skin model, whereas skin treated with functionalized silver-coated carbon nanotubes showed only a small increase from 104 to 105 cfu/g (1000-fold viable cfu difference). Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed the presence of Staphylococcus aureus on the non-treated skin as opposed to the treated skin.

Conclusion

Thus, our results showed that functionalized silver-coated carbon nanotubes are not only non-toxic, but also help reduce the infection due to their antibacterial activity. These findings will aid in the development of novel antibacterial skin substitutes.
Flatness-based adaptive nonlinear control for torque tracking of electro-hydraulic friction load simulator with uncertainties
Authors: Jing Chenghu , Xu Hongguang , Jiang Jihai
Published: November 2018

Electro-hydraulic friction load simulator is able to simulate load for detecting and estimating the actuator system, which requires an ability to track accurately a given signal with high frequency. In this article, a flatness-based adaptive nonlinear controller is proposed for electro-hydraulic friction load simulator with parameter uncertainties to improve torque-tracking performance. The proposed control consists of state feedback, desired input feedforward and adaptive law to yield a stable closed-loop control system. State feedback is designed to stabilize the electro-hydraulic friction load simulator and achieve robustness against disturbances. Desired input feedforward is designed based on flatness property. And, it can enhance bandwidth by model compensation. Furthermore, in order to solve the problem of parameter uncertainty, adaptive law is adopted in this controller. The proposed controller theoretically guarantees asymptotic tracking performance in the absence of parameter uncertainties. High-accuracy tracking performance of the proposed control strategy is verified by experiments.
Power-optimized motion planning of reconfigured redundant space robot
Authors: Dalla Vijay Kumar , Pathak PM
Published: November 2018

Main advantage of redundant space manipulator is that it can be configured differently by actuating various joints. Space manipulators are designed to be deployed in harsh surroundings, which in turn would increase the possibility of manipulator failure. Thus, the enhancement of the capabilities of the robots and the failures thereafter are a major concern. This article presents three aspects of hyper-redundant space robot. First, the control strategies based on minimum power criterion with all healthy joints are proposed. Second, hyper-redundancy is put upon to reconfigure the space robot with the failure of locked joints. Third, the optimization of workplace trajectory of the manipulator is obtained by genetic algorithm and a minimum power criterion has been adopted in all three cases. The bond-graph technique is employed for robot modeling with the use of SYMBOLS Shakti software, which generates system equations in C++ code. This code is subsequently converted into a MATLAB program. The result obtained through simulation shows that 37% of the total power consumption was reduced by the actuators through an optimization approach.
Introduction to special issue on ‘authoritarian neoliberalism’
Authors: Fabry Adam , Sandbeck Sune
Published: November 2018

This article introduces readers to the special issue on ‘authoritarian neoliberalism’. It charts the origins of the concept and summarizes the central arguments of the individual contributions to the special issue.
Shape memory alloy–actuated prestressed composites with application to morphing automotive fender skirts
Authors: Chillara Venkata Siva C , Headings Leon M , Tsuruta Ryohei , Itakura Eiji , Gandhi Umesh , Dapino Marcelo J
Published: November 2018

This work presents smart laminated composites that enable morphing vehicle structures. Morphing panels can be effective for drag reduction, for example, adaptive fender skirts. Mechanical prestress provides tailored curvature in composites without the drawbacks of thermally induced residual stress. When driven by smart materials such as shape memory alloys, mechanically-prestressed composites can serve as building blocks for morphing structures. An analytical energy-based model is presented to calculate the curved shape of a composite as a function of force applied by an embedded actuator. Shape transition is modeled by providing the actuation force as an input to a one-dimensional thermomechanical constitutive model of a shape memory alloy wire. A design procedure, based on the analytical model, is presented for morphing fender skirts comprising radially configured smart composite elements. A half-scale fender skirt for a compact passenger car is designed, fabricated, and tested. The demonstrator has a domed unactuated shape and morphs to a flat shape when actuated using shape memory alloys. Rapid actuation is demonstrated by coupling shape memory alloys with integrated quick-release latches; the latches reduce actuation time by 95%. The demonstrator is 62% lighter than an equivalent dome-shaped steel fender skirt.
Dynamic performance of a concrete-filled steel tube high-pier curved continuous truss girder bridge due to moving vehicles
Authors: Li Yan , Ma Xiaolong , Zhang Wei
Published: November 2018

The dynamic performance of a new type of concrete-filled steel tube high-pier curved continuous truss girder bridges under moving vehicles is studied combining field testing and numerical simulation method by an actual bridge example. The dynamic response data were obtained before opening to traffic for the bridge under moving testing vehicles. A three-dimensional vehicle and bridge coupled vibration analysis model for curved bridges is proposed and validated. The dynamic behavior characteristics and vehicular ride comfort for this new type bridge are studied considering variable road surface and other conditions. The results indicate that the dynamic impacts of this bridge from vehicles are underestimated compared with those defined in the design code. In addition, the dynamic impact factors vary significantly for the local components and some of them could exceed the design value. Finally, the riding comfort of this bridge is evaluated, which suggests a fairly uncomfortable condition.
Experimental study on the seismic performance of traditional timber mortise-tenon joints with different looseness under low-cyclic reversed loading
Authors: Xue Jianyang , Guo Rui , Qi Liangjie , Xu Dan
Published: November 2018

The majority of existing ancient timber structures have different degrees of damage. The looseness of mortise-tenon joints is a kind of typical damage type. In order to study the influence of looseness on the seismic performance of mortise-tenon joints, six through-tenon joints and six dovetail-tenon joints with scale 1:3.2 were fabricated according to the requirements of the engineering fabrication method of Chinese Qing Dynasty. Each type of joints consisted of one intact joint and five artificial loose joints, and the artificial defect was made to simulate looseness by cutting the tenon sectional dimension. Based on experiments of two types of joints under low-cyclic reversed loading, the seismic behaviors of joints such as failure modes, hysteretic loops and skeleton curves, strength and stiffness degradation, and energy dissipation capacity were studied. Moreover, the comparative analyses of seismic performance between two types of joints were carried out. The variation tendency of seismic behaviors of two types of joints has similarities, and there are some differences due to their different structural styles. The results indicate that squeeze deformation between tenon and mortise of two types of joints occurred. The shape of hysteretic loops of two types of joints is reverse-Z-shape, and the pinching effect of hysteretic loops becomes more obvious with the increase in looseness, among which of through-tenon joints is more obvious than that of dovetail-tenon joints. The carrying capacity, stiffness, and energy dissipation capacity of loose joints are significantly lower than that of the intact one, and the energy dissipation capacity of dovetail-tenon joints is better than that of through-tenon joints. The rotation angles of two types of joints can reach 0.12 rad, and the loose joints still have great deformation capacity.
A simplified approach to predict temperature distributions in a mechanically ventilated atrium using a thermal response factor method
Authors: Kim Daeung Danny , Lee Eunkyu , So Myong Gu , Kim Taeyeon
Published: November 2018

The atrium is one of the most preferred design features in modern large buildings, but the thermal performance of an atrium space is a growing concern. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and field measurements have usually been employed to assess the complex thermal performance in an atrium. However, these conventional approaches require significant effort. This paper presents a simplified approach employing the thermal response factor method for prediction of temperature distribution in a mechanically ventilated atrium. Full scale measurements were performed in an existing atrium building over a summer period and were used for validation of a CFD simulation. As a result, the thermal response factors obtained by the simplified numerical method were applied to predict the thermal behaviours in the mechanically ventilated atrium. Moreover, airflow patterns were identified by Archimedes Number.
A baseline-free damage detection approach based on distance compensation of guided waves
Authors: Qiu Jianxi , Li Fucai , Abbas Saqlain , Zhu Yanping
Published: November 2018

The baseline signal in structural inspection based on guided waves is difficult to be obtained under varying environmental conditions. To guarantee the precision of damage identification, developing baseline-free damage detection methods is significant in practical structural monitoring work. Conventional instantaneous baseline measurement needs a large number of PZT transducers. In this paper, a novel damage identification method for plate-like structures based on distance compensation is proposed to overcome this shortage. Combining with the concept of instantaneous baseline measurement, pitch-catch pairs of different propagation distance can be compared together to reveal the health information of the measured paths. This method overcomes the drawback of instantaneous measurement, which can only monitor the paths of identical wave travelling distance. Both simulations and experiments are conducted to validate the proposed method. Using this method, the influence of damage size and classification on amplitude variation is discussed. Finally, a baseline-free damage imaging technique is developed based on amplitude loss ratio of the first arriving wave package. The result shows a good agreement of the predicted result and the real damage location.
Storytelling through experiencescape: Creating unique stories and extraordinary experiences in farm tourism
Authors: Mei Xiang Y , Hågensen Ann-Margret S , Kristiansen Heidi S
Published: November 2018

Creating unique stories through storytelling as a way to stage extraordinary experiences has become increasingly important in the tourism industry, particularly in experience-based activities such as farm tourism. However, limited resources and the lack of knowledge of the experiencescape suggest that many farm tourism operators struggle to integrate the experiencescape as part of storytelling. The research method chosen was an explorative study with the use of semi-structured in-depth interviews with key farm tourism operators in the Inland region in Norway. How stories and concepts are created is dependent on the resources available, the perception of authenticity, the history of the farm as well as the environment. Storytelling can be facilitated through tangible elements in the experiencescape such as the physical environment as well as intangible elements including the interaction and dynamics between the host and guest. The farmer or the person telling the story also need to possess certain skills, engagement, and interest in order to be committed to deliver the story or the concept. Essentially, the farmer becomes a part of the product and the experience.
A translational case study of empowerment into practice: A realist evaluation of a member-led dementia empowerment service
Authors: McConnell Tracey , Best Paul , Sturm Tristan , Stevenson Mabel , Donnelly Michael , Taylor Brian J , McCorry Noleen
Published: November 2018

Involving people with dementia in decision-making is widely accepted as a means of empowering them to lead more independent lives and have more meaningful roles in shaping their care. However, there is a need to conduct rigorous evaluations of empowerment-driven services and policies in order to develop a deeper understanding about how to optimise successful implementation. This paper presents the results of an evaluation of Dementia Northern Ireland, an organisation initiated and led by people with dementia. We used a realist evaluation approach that comprised interviews with 15 people with dementia, three staff and two board members, ethnographic observations, along with documentary analysis to identify ‘what works, for whom, under what circumstances’. The analysis used realist logic to build up context-mechanism-outcome configurations. The Dementia Northern Ireland service model of empowerment revolved around the formation and maintenance of social groups of people with dementia. Facilitators, recruited and selected by people with dementia, supported six groups, consisting of one to four members with mild to moderate cognitive impairment. Facilitators helped expand empowerment groups, facilitate decision-making, awareness raising and consultation opportunities with group members. The ‘Empowerment Groups’ appeared to lead to the development of a shared social identity and a sense of collective strength as indicated by interview and observational data demonstrating an activist mentality among group members to challenge the stigma surrounding dementia. Group members also reported improved quality of life. Widespread implementation of the empowerment model has the potential to lead to reduced stigma and greater social inclusion, increased involvement of people with dementia as active co-producers of policy and service development, better services and support. This case study of Dementia Northern Ireland illustrates that there are boundaries and challenges to empowerment in terms of requiring additional support from staff without dementia. However, despite these challenges, empowerment-driven organisations can and should be committed to involving members in lead roles and key decision-making.
Family caregivers’ involvement in decision-making processes regarding admission of persons with dementia to nursing homes
Authors: Larsen Lill Sverresdatter , Blix Bodil Hansen , Hamran Torunn
Published: November 2018

The current Western health policy of ageing in place relies on a triad collaboration among patients, healthcare service providers and family caregivers. Such collaborations presuppose involvement in a vague juridical landscape. This article explores family caregivers’ experiences with involvement in and influence on nursing home decision-making processes for persons with dementia. The data consist of 12 in-depth interviews with family caregivers. Using positioning theory, we demonstrate how family caregivers strive to balance their assumed duty to care for the person with their needs to care for themselves. Their involvement (or non-involvement) in the complex decision-making process is demonstrated through the following seven positions: (1) self-condemning determiner, (2) dominant, (3) proponent, (4) saluting, (5) pending, (6) prisoner, and (7) stooge. Furthermore, we discuss why expedient positions are more available for some individuals and the consequences of family caregivers’ various positions on the healthcare policy aims of collaboration and equal healthcare services.
The Naturall Condition of Mankind
Authors: McKeown Maeve
Published: November 2018

Upon what empirical basis did Hobbes make his claims about the ‘state of nature’? He looked to ‘the savage people in many places of America’ (Hobbes, 1976: 187). Most people now recognize Hobbes’s assertions about Native Americans as racist. And yet, as Widerquist and McCall argue in their book Prehistoric Myths in Modern Political Philosophy, the myth that life outside the state is unbearable and that life under the state is better remains the essential premise of two of the most influential Western political philosophies in the modern world – social contract theory (contractarianism) and property rights theory (propertarianism). Critiques of these philosophies are not new. But what is new, and exciting, about this book is that a political philosopher (Karl Widerquist) enlists an anthropologist (Grant S. McCall) to systematically debunk this founding myth on the basis of empirical evidence. Despite some confusion about the book's aims, the lack of attention to women and the risk of epistemic injustice, the results are fascinating and, I will argue, should prompt a methodological crisis for some schools of political philosophy.
The Educational Return on Investment Commitment: Using Predictive Analytics and Financial Aid to Leverage Retention
Authors: Van Duser Kyle Eric , Tanabe Clifton S.
Published: November 2018

This study employed propensity score matching and regression analysis to determine whether or not a retention scholarship pilot program at a mid-size public research university was effective at increasing first-year retention. The scholarship pilot did not require any application process for students but rather used a predictive logistic regression model for identifying recipients and automatically awarded students $5,000. The scholarship was only awarded for the students’ sophomore year. The award was not continued as students persisted to their junior and senior years. Findings demonstrated that students who did not receive the scholarship were two times more likely to depart from the institution at the end of their first year compared with scholarship recipients. Longitudinally, nonscholarship recipients were 1.4 times more likely to depart at the end of their sophomore year.
Daring and deliberation: Virtue, rhetoric, and diplomacy in Thucydides’ account of the Athenian empire
Authors: Fleury Eric A
Published: November 2018

In Thucydides’ account of the Peloponnesian War, the juxtaposition between the speeches in defense of the Athenian empire and their political effects uncovers critical insights into the need for rhetoric to balance the tasks of domestic enthusiasm and diplomatic interaction. In Thucydides’ account of the Peloponnesian War, Pericles boasts that Athens has perfected “daring and deliberation,” having built an empire through courageous deeds while maintaining a democracy in which competing interests and perspectives receive a fair hearing. These qualities justify Athenian supremacy, but actually maintaining it instead calls for Athens to be cautious and for its subjects to accept the status quo without question. As Athens perceives a decline in its wartime fortunes, it struggles to preserve a reputation for daring and deliberation without undertaking actions that would falsify its self-representation. Its virtues become a substitute for its interests, so that it can no longer act with either morally or prudently. The declining effectiveness of Athenian rhetoric speaks to Thucydides’ teaching that warfare, while presenting an opportunity for a city to display its greatest traits, is far more likely to corrupt them, which requires that orators reconcile the city’s sense of its own righteousness with the realities of its situation.
The relationships between sexual risk behaviors and general health risk behaviors among unmarried youth in Thailand
Authors: Sirirassamee Tawima , Yoelao Dusadee , Mohan Kanu Priya , Limkhunthummo Supakorn
Published: November 2018

Objectives:

The prevalence and correlates of sexual risk behaviors among unmarried youth in Thailand are poorly documented. The objectives of this study were to compare the differences in sexual behaviors across age groups and gender and to identify the relationships between sexual risk behaviors and general health risk behaviors among unmarried Thai youth.

Methods:

A population-based, nationally representative, cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and March 2013. The Thai version of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey questionnaire was used to collect data from 800 unmarried Thai youth.

Results:

Majority of the respondents (65.9%) had not engaged in any sexual risk behavior, 18.7% had engaged in 2–3 sexual risk behaviors, and only 5.5% had engaged in a single sexual risk behavior. Current sexually active youth had higher risk of participating in physical fights (odds ratio = 3.41, 95% confidence interval = 1.53–7.57), smoking cigarette (odds ratio = 4.05, 95% confidence interval = 1.89–8.67), and drinking alcohol (odds ratio = 2.17, 95% confidence interval = 1.08–4.36).

Conclusion:

Thai youth were more likely to be involved in multiple sexual risk behaviors than a single sexual risk behavior. Physical fighting was the strongest general health risk behavior associated with the sexual risk behaviors, followed by substance abuse.
Walking with Diabetes (WW-DIAB) programme a walking programme for Indonesian type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Arovah Novita Intan , Kushartanti Bernadeta Margareta Wara , Washington Tracy L , Heesch Kristiann C
Published: November 2018

Objectives:

This pilot study aimed to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of a pedometer-based walking programme in Indonesian type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Methods:

Feasibility was assessed by monitoring participant recruitment, retention, and adherence to the step-monitoring and recording instructions. Effectiveness was assessed in a pilot randomised controlled trial. Participants were type 2 diabetes mellitus patients randomly assigned to a pedometer-only (PED-only) group (n = 22) and a pedometer with text message support (PED+) group (n = 21). Outcomes were step counts, self-reported physical activity, social cognitive constructs, glycaemic parameters, and health-related quality of life. These were assessed at baseline, 12-week intervention, and 12 weeks later. Longitudinal analyses using generalised estimating equations were carried out to assess treatment and time effects on study outcomes.

Results:

All but one participant (98%) attended 12- and 24-week data collection follow-ups. Throughout the study period, 82% of PED+ participants submitted their daily steps log. Daily steps increased in both groups (p < 0.001) but more in the PED+ group (2064 more steps at week 24, 95% confidence interval: 200–3925, p = 0.03). Self-reported physical activity levels and glycaemic parameters increased similarly in the two groups over time (p < 0.05). Improvements in social cognitive processes were seen only in the PED+ group (p < 0.05). There were no significant improvements in health-related quality of life.

Conclusion:

This study provides preliminary evidence that a pedometer-based walking programme, with or without additional support, is feasible and improves physical activity and glucose levels in Indonesian type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Greater increases in step counts can result from the provision of text message support and education materials than from the provision of a pedometer only.
Velocity inversion by global optimization using finite-offset common-reflection-surface stacking applied to synthetic and Tacutu Basin seismic data
Authors: Mesquita Marcelo Jorge Luz , Cruz João Carlos Ribeiro , Callapino German Garabito
Published: November 2018

Estimation of an accurate velocity macromodel is an important step in seismic imaging. We have developed an approach based on coherence measurements and finite-offset (FO) beam stacking. The algorithm is an FO common-reflection-surface tomography, which aims to determine the best layered depth-velocity model by finding the model that maximizes a semblance objective function calculated from the amplitudes in common-midpoint (CMP) gathers stacked over a predetermined aperture. We develop the subsurface velocity model with a stack of layers separated by smooth interfaces. The algorithm is applied layer by layer from the top downward in four steps per layer. First, by automatic or manual picking, we estimate the reflection times of events that describe the interfaces in a time-migrated section. Second, we convert these times to depth using the velocity model via application of Dix’s formula and the image rays to the events. Third, by using ray tracing, we calculate kinematic parameters along the central ray and build a paraxial FO traveltime approximation for the FO common-reflection-surface method. Finally, starting from CMP gathers, we calculate the semblance of the selected events using this paraxial traveltime approximation. After repeating this algorithm for all selected CMP gathers, we use the mean semblance values as an objective function for the target layer. When this coherence measure is maximized, the model is accepted and the process is completed. Otherwise, the process restarts from step two with the updated velocity model. Because the inverse problem we are solving is nonlinear, we use very fast simulated annealing to search the velocity parameters in the target layers. We test the method on synthetic and real data sets to study its use and advantages.
A user-driven feedback approach for 2D direct current resistivity inversion based on particle swarm optimization
Authors: Barboza Francisco M. , Medeiros Walter E. , Santana Jerbeson M.
Published: November 2018

We have developed an inversion approach based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) for 2D direct current resistivity data. Once the PSO algorithm is implemented, cost-function changes on constraints and misfit criteria can be easily performed and an approximate invariance of the Lagrange multipliers is obtained if each term of the cost function is properly normalized. More importantly, the interpreter can divide the mesh into partitions and apply a different constraint or combination of constraints in each partition. We explore several restrictions on the log-resistivity variation, either in single or in joint versions, including spatial continuity constraints in the [Formula: see text]-and [Formula: see text]-norms, total variation, sparsity constraints using the discrete cosine transform and Daubechies bases, and minimum moment of inertia constraints to impose concentration of resistive or conductive materials along target axes. In the latter case, the earth surface might be used also as a target axis. In addition, the final state of the PSO algorithm, once a stopping condition has been reached, contains not only the best solution but also a cluster of good suboptimal solutions that can be used for uncertainty analysis. As a result, the interpreter has the flexibility to perform an interpretation process based on a feedback trial-and-error inversion approach, in a similar manner that he/she has when using a friendly forward modeling software. The interpreter can then drive the tentative solutions obtained along the inversion process to incorporate their conceptions about the geologic environment, besides appraising misfit and stability of the solutions. We evaluate synthetic and field data examples. In the first case, we determine how the interpreter can drive the inversion process in a karst environment to image dissolution features. In the second case, we explore a similar situation aiming to optimize borehole locations in fracture zones in crystalline rocks.
A First Price Auction with an Arbitrary Number of Asymmetric Bidders
Authors: Doni Nicola , Menicucci Domenico
Published: November 2018

We examine an auction setting with private values and
$n\geq 2$ bidders, which differ in the probability to have a low (high) value. We prove that for the first price auction, the equilibrium strategies can be written in closed form and there are gaps in the equilibrium bid distribution of each bidder except the strongest two. Our equilibrium characterization allows to prove that in this setting the seller prefers the second price auction to the first price auction for each
$n\geq 2$.