bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health-related quality of life of Kuwaiti adults living with diabetes
Authors: Alowayesh Maryam S. , Aljunid Syed Mohamed , Aladsani Afaf , Alessa Thamer , Alattar Abdulnabi , Alroudhan Dherar
Published: March 2023

Diabetes is known to compromise patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). It is important to understand the HRQoL of Kuwaiti nationals living with diabetes and identify factors that negatively affect it. This study included 1,182 Kuwaiti nationals with diabetes, aged 18–80 years. Patients' demographic and HRQoL information was collected using the EuroQol EQ-5D-5L instrument. Mean values for each EQ-5D subscale were worst for mobility (1.9) and pain/discomfort (1.8). Most patients reported having no problems in self-care (84.4%). Older adults were most likely to report severe problems with mobility (p < 0.001). Females were more likely to report severe problems with anxiety and depression than males (p < 0.006). The EQ visual analog scale (EQ VAS), which reports perceived overall health on a 0–100 scale, showed a mean of 74.7 (±19.6). Patients with comorbidities and/or complications perceived their health to be worse, with VAS scores significantly lower (p < 0.001). Other factors that negatively affected VAS scores were being female, obesity, insulin usage, and lower levels of education. In conclusion, patients with diabetes who have comorbidities and/or complications perceived their health to be worse. Further research is required to evaluate if current diabetes management interventions help improve patients' HRQoL.
A blueprint for strengthening climate and health literacy through professional adaptability
Authors: Grabow Maggie L. , Stull Valerie J. , Hahn Micah B. , Limaye Vijay S.
Published: March 2023

Responding effectively to intensifying climate change hazards to protect human health in personal and professional settings is an urgent and pressing challenge. This will require collaboration and subject matter expertise of people across the life course and occupations. In this perspective piece, we build on a previously published compilation of climate and health literacy elements to explore tangible opportunities to strengthen climate and health understanding among individuals spanning educational levels, professional settings, and societal needs. Educational materials addressing climate change and health linkages have historically focused on K-12, college, post-graduate education, and continuing medical education, with less attention devoted to reaching students in trade schools and other professional settings. Here, we outline a flexible blueprint for strengthening climate and health literacy among all people by targeting education in a way that is relevant for each age group or profession. In particular, we discuss the idea of professional adaptability as a way to design practical climate and health training for people currently in the workforce.
Activity diversity is associated with the prevention of frailty in community-dwelling older adults: The Otassha Study
Authors: Takahashi Junta , Kawai Hisashi , Ejiri Manami , Fujiwara Yoshinori , Hirano Hirohiko , Sasai Hiroyuki , Ihara Kazushige , Ishii Kaori , Oka Koichiro , Obuchi Shuichi
Published: March 2023

Introduction

A prior study showed an association between diversity in daily activities (type, frequency, evenness) and frailty in older adults. However, the causality of this relationship is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the relationship between activity diversity and frailty through a 2-year longitudinal study conducted among community-dwelling older adults.

Methods

We evaluated data from the 2018 and 2020 waves of the Otassha Study. Frailty was assessed using the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria, with pre-frail and frail participants defined as frail and the other participants categorized into the robust group. We enrolled a total of 207 participants who were not frail at baseline. Activity type, frequency, and evenness scores were calculated using an Activity Diversity Questionnaire. The association between each activity diversity score and the incidence of frailty was evaluated using logistic regression modeling (each diversity score was entered the model after Z-transformation).

Results

Of the 207 enrolled participants (median age, 73 years; age range, 65–91 years; 60.4% women), 64 (30.9%) had incident frailty during the follow-up period. A logistic regression analysis adjusting for sociodemographic and psychosomatic factors revealed odds ratios for activity type and evenness scores of 0.64 and 0.61, respectively (P < 0.05). These factors were significantly associated with the incidence of frailty.

Discussion

Activity type and evenness (except frequency) within daily activities were predictors of frailty during 2 years of follow-up. Engagement in diverse activities appears to be more effective in preventing frailty than does engagement in a few activities.
An overview and trend analysis of research on the relationship between urban streets and residents' health in China pre- and post COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Meng Lingchao , Wen Kuo-Hsun
Published: March 2023

Introduction

After the outbreak of COVID-19, the international community has been faced with various problems it has brought to cities. A large number of research projects and corresponding management measures were launched globally, trying to reduce the impact of COVID-19 on society. Among them, exploring how to maintain the health of residents by managing and updating the design of urban streets is one of the important issues regarding urban sustainability in the post-epidemic era.

Methods

This study uses bibliometric analysis techniques to obtain an overview of the knowledge structure of 898 Chinese urban streets and residents' health relationship studies from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database for two periods (1999–2019 and 2020–2022). Five aspects were analyzed in terms of the keyword domain co-occurrence network, topic evolution path, emergent terms, hierarchical clustering, and confusion matrix.

Results and discussion

The findings revealed that studies focused on six broad themes: community residents, health surveys, health education, COVID-19, healthy city, and public health. Based on these findings, the paper compares and discusses research priorities before and after the outbreak and highlights areas for further research and attention.
Ethical principles for infodemiology and infoveillance studies concerning infodemic management on social media
Authors: Lotto Matheus , Hanjahanja-Phiri Thokozani , Padalko Halyna , Oetomo Arlene , Butt Zahid Ahmad , Boger Jennifer , Millar Jason , Cruvinel Thiago , Morita Plinio P.
Published: March 2023

Big data originating from user interactions on social media play an essential role in infodemiology and infoveillance outcomes, supporting the planning and implementation of public health actions. Notably, the extrapolation of these data requires an awareness of different ethical elements. Previous studies have investigated and discussed the adoption of conventional ethical approaches in the contemporary public health digital surveillance space. However, there is a lack of specific ethical guidelines to orient infodemiology and infoveillance studies concerning infodemic on social media, making it challenging to design digital strategies to combat this phenomenon. Hence, it is necessary to explore if traditional ethical pillars can support digital purposes or whether new ones must be proposed since we are confronted with a complex online misinformation scenario. Therefore, this perspective provides an overview of the current scenario of ethics-related issues of infodemiology and infoveillance on social media for infodemic studies.
Interventions for reducing blood pressure in prehypertension: A meta-analysis
Authors: Li Wenjing , Liu Hao , Wang Xinai , Liu Jingying , Xiao Hongling , Wang Chenqi , Wu Yaxuan
Published: March 2023

Background

We aimed to address which interventions best control blood pressure (BP) and delay disease progression in prehypertension and to give recommendations for the best option following a quality rating.

Methods

A Bayesian network meta-analysis was used to assess the effect of the intervention on BP reduction, delaying hypertension progression and final outcome, with subgroup analyses for time and ethnicity. Recommendations for interventions were finally based on cumulative ranking probabilities and CINeMA.

Results

From 22,559 relevant articles, 101 eligible randomized controlled trial articles (20,176 prehypertensive subjects) were included and 30 pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions were evaluated. Moderate-quality evidence demonstrated that angiotensin II receptor blockers, aerobic exercise (AE), and dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) lowered systolic blood pressure (SBP). For lowering diastolic blood pressure (DBP), AE combined with resistance exercise (RE) or AE alone provided high quality evidence, with calcium channel blockers, lifestyle modification (LSM) combined with drug providing moderate quality evidence. LSM produced the best BP lowering effect at 12 months and beyond of intervention. In Asians, TCD bubble was moderate quality evidence for lowering SBP and RE may have had a BP lowering effect in Caucasians. No recommendation can be given for delaying the progression of hypertension and reducing mortality outcomes because of low to very low quality of evidence.

Conclusion

AE combined RE are preferentially recommended for BP control in prehypertension, followed by DASH. Long-term BP control is preferred to LSM. Asians and Caucasians add TCD bubble and RE to this list as potentially effective interventions.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022356302, identifier: CRD42022356302.
Prioritizing research on over-the-counter (OTC) hearing aids for age-related hearing loss
Authors: Manchaiah Vinaya , Swanepoel De Wet , Sharma Anu
Published: March 2023

Hearing aids are the most commonly used treatment for people with age-related hearing loss, however, hearing aid uptake is low, primarily due to high cost of the device, stigma, and a lack of perceived need. To address accessibility and affordability issues, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration created a new over-the-counter (OTC) hearing aid category. Various types of hearing devices are available for both individuals with hearing loss and for those with normal hearing, as hearing enhancement devices. Hearing aids (i.e., prescription hearing aids, self-fitting OTC hearing aids, and pre-set OTC hearing aids) are regulated by the FDA. The purpose of this article is to (a) provide a summary of existing research on direct-to-consumer (DTC) hearing devices such as Personal Sound Amplification Products (PSAPs) that informs OTC service delivery models; (b) provide an update on existing and ongoing randomized controlled trials on currently marketed OTC hearing aids; and (c) highlight the need for immediate research on OTC hearing aids and service delivery models to inform policy and clinical care. It remains to be seen what effect OTC hearing aids have on improving the uptake of hearing aids by individuals with mild-to-moderate hearing loss. However, there is scant research on all aspects of OTC hearing aids that are currently on the market. We conclude that high quality independent research must be prioritized to supplement evidence provided by the OTC hearing aid manufacturers for regulatory approval purposes.
EQRbot: A chatbot delivering EQR argument-based explanations
Authors: Castagna Federico , Garton Alexandra , McBurney Peter , Parsons Simon , Sassoon Isabel , Sklar Elizabeth I.
Published: March 2023

Recent years have witnessed the rise of several new argumentation-based support systems, especially in the healthcare industry. In the medical sector, it is imperative that the exchange of information occurs in a clear and accurate way, and this has to be reflected in any employed virtual systems. Argument Schemes and their critical questions represent well-suited formal tools for modeling such information and exchanges since they provide detailed templates for explanations to be delivered. This paper details the EQR argument scheme and deploys it to generate explanations for patients' treatment advice using a chatbot (EQRbot). The EQR scheme (devised as a pattern of Explanation-Question-Response interactions between agents) comprises multiple premises that can be interrogated to disclose additional data. The resulting explanations, obtained as instances of the employed argumentation reasoning engine and the EQR template, will then feed the conversational agent that will exhaustively convey the requested information and answers to follow-on users' queries as personalized Telegram messages. Comparisons with a previous baseline and existing argumentation-based chatbots illustrate the improvements yielded by EQRbot against similar conversational agents.
Faecal markers of intestinal inflammation in slum infants following yogurt intervention: A pilot randomized controlled trial in Bangladesh
Authors: Jannat Kaniz , Kader Md. Abdul , Parvez Sarker Masud , Thomson Russell , Rahman Mahbubur , Kabir Mamun , Agho Kingsley , Haque Rashidul , Merom Dafna
Published: March 2023

Introduction

We evaluated the effects of yogurt supplementation and nutrition education to low educated mothers on infant-gut health at an early age.

Methods

We designed a three-arm pilot randomized controlled trial with 162 infants aged 5-6 months and at risk of stunting (LAZ ≤-1 SD and >-2 SD at enrollment) living in slum areas in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Eligible children were randomized to receive, 1) nutrition education, 2) yogurt supplementation plus nutrition education or 3) usual care. Three faecal inflammatory biomarkers alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and neopterin (NEO) were measured before and after three months of yogurt feeding.

Results

At the end of three months, there were no significant differences in the biomarker concentrations between the yogurt plus group and control. Compared to control, the adjusted mean faecal NEO concentration decreased by 21% (NEO: RR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.60, 1.04) and the adjusted mean faecal AAT concentration decreased by 8% (AAT: RR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.69, 1.22); whereas, the adjusted mean faecal MPO concentration increased by 14% (MPO: RR 1.14, 95% CI: 0.62, 2.09). Such changes were not apparent in the education only group.

Discussion

After a three-month trial of daily yogurt feeding to children at risk of stunting and infant feeding education to their mothers, reduction in one inflammatory biomarker reached close to statistical significance, but not all of the measured biomarkers. The study did not finish its endline measurements at 6-month as designed due to COVID 19 pandemic. This has greatly impacted the interpretation of the results as we could not establish a decreasing trend in biomarker concentration with continued yogurt feeding.
Influence of site and smoking on malignant transformation in the oral cavity: Is the microbiome the missing link?
Authors: Galvin Sheila , Moran Gary P. , Healy Claire M.
Published: March 2023

The tongue and floor of the mouth are high-risk sites for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), while smoking is its most significant risk factor. Recently, questions have been raised as to the role of the oral microbiome in OSCC because of a wealth of evidence demonstrating that the microbiome of OSCC differs from that of healthy mucosa. However, oral site and smoking also have a significant impact on oral microbial communities, and to date, the role these factors play in influencing the dysbiotic microbial communities of OSCC and precursor lesions has not been considered. This review aims to examine the influence of site and smoking on the oral microbiome and, in turn, whether these microbiome changes could be involved in oral carcinogenesis.
Immersive competence and immersive literacy: Exploring how users learn about immersive experiences
Authors: Steed Anthony , Archer Dan , Izzouzi Lisa , Numan Nels , Shapiro Kalila , Swapp David , Lammiman Dinah , Lindeman Robert W.
Published: March 2023

While immersive experiences mediated through near-eye displays are still a relatively immature medium, there are millions of consumer devices in use. The level of awareness of the forms of the interface and media will vary enormously across the potential audience. Users might own personal devices or might encounter immersive systems in various venues. We introduce the term immersive competence to refer to the general practical knowledge and skills that users accumulate about how typical immersive interfaces work—the ways in which buttons are used, main locomotion techniques, etc. We then introduce the term immersive literacy to refer to awareness of how immersive interfaces are unique, when they might be appropriate, typical forms of media, etc. We sketch out how users develop competence and literacy with immersive media, and then highlight various open questions that are raised.
“Fitting in whilst standing out”: Identity flexing strategies of professional British women of African, Asian, and Caribbean ethnicities
Authors: Opara Victoria , Ryan Michelle K. , Sealy Ruth , Begeny Christopher T.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Professional British women of African, Asian, and Caribbean (AAC) ethnicities contend with unique challenges and experiences in the workplace. These challenges are often due to experiences that occur at the intersection of gender and ethnic identity, thus many professional white British women (of Anglo-Saxon decent), do not face the same challenges. AAC women are more often discriminated against, excluded from informal networks, and their contributions credited to someone else. We take an intersectional theoretical approach to better understand both the disadvantaged experiences and the possible advantaged experiences that British AAC women face, based on their experiences as AAC individuals, as women and as AAC women. The study seeks to 'give voice' to the experiences of AAC professional women, due to the limited amount of scholarship that adequately considers their workplace experiences. We consider the ways that their identity produces qualitatively different experiences determined by the context, by the nature of interpersonal encounters or by both the context and interpersonal encounters.

Methods

We conduct real-time online written interviews and utilize thematic template analysis to understand whether AAC women strategically flex identity at work. We present four major themes. These are (1) the benefits of identity flexing, (2) the role of specific stereotypes, (3) context specific opportunities, and (4) the costs of identity flexing. We draw on literature that suggests that AAC women's identity experiences are not exclusively oppressive.

Results

We find that unique experiences, occurring at the intersection of facets of identity may also yield forms of relative advantage, wherein individuals are able to adaptively leverage opportunities. Our results demonstrate that where the facets of one's identity are more varied, there might be more chance that the particular identity will be valued in a given social context. As a result, the individual may try to assimilate with certain identity groups (through flexing), as the context directs.

Discussion

Nevertheless, engaging in identity flexing strategies has costs for women's well-being, such as needing to perform increased amounts of emotional labor and heightened feelings of frustration. Overall, these costs (as well as benefits), evidence the complex nature of identity flexing and the likely negative well-being implications that could ensue for the individual.
HUG Initiative: Overcoming roadblocks on a research career roadmap of individuals from historically marginalized or underrepresented genders
Authors: Lin Mei-Yun , Chen Hsinju , Golecki Holly M.
Published: March 2023

The underrepresentation of students of Historically marginalized or Underrepresented Genders (HUGs) in STEM departments results in the low representation of HUG researchers in the space science community. This paper reviews relevant literature to explore the potential barriers that prevent HUG students from staying in STEM fields, including few opportunities to develop STEM identities, experiences with professional devaluation, and chilly campus climates. Thus, HUG students are more likely to feel excluded in STEM programs. To address the disparities, our HUG Initiative, a student-led research initiative, is proposed and piloted at a large research institution. This initiative promotes the pursuit of research careers among students who self-identify as HUG in the department of electrical and computer engineering. By holding panel discussions, interactive workshops, and networking luncheons, HUG Initiative aims to demystify what it means to be a researcher and provide resources on research opportunities and support for HUG students. The influence on the HUG students’ career choice and their accessibility of information will be evaluated by pre-study and post-study surveys. The research outcome will offer suggestions to create a safe and supportive departmental environment for HUG-identifying students to pursue research careers.
Dimensionally-dependent uncertainty relations, or why we (probably) won’t see micro-black holes at the LHC, even if large extra dimensions exist
Authors: Lake Matthew J. , Liang Shi-Dong , Watcharapasorn Anucha
Published: March 2023

We present a simple gedanken experiment in which a compact object traverses a spacetime with three macroscopic spatial dimensions andncompact dimensions. The compactification radius is allowed to vary, as a function of the object’s position in the four-dimensional space, and we show that the conservation of gravitational self-energy implies the dimensional dependence of the mass-radius relation. In spacetimes with extra dimensions that are compactified at the Planck scale, no deviation from the four-dimensional result is found, but, in spacetimes with extra dimensions that are much larger than the Planck length, energy conservation implies a deviation from the normal Compton wavelength formula. The new relation restores the symmetry between the Compton wavelength and Schwarzschild radius lines on the mass-radius diagram and precludes the formation of black holes at TeV scales, even if large extra dimensions exist. We show how this follows, intuitively, as a direct consequence of the increased gravitational field strength at distances below the compactification scale. Combining these results with the heuristic identification between the Compton wavelength and the minimum value of the position uncertainty, due to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, suggests the existence of generalised, higher-dimensional uncertainty relations. These relations may be expected to hold for self-gravitating quantum wave packets, in higher-dimensional spacetimes, with interesting implications for particle physics and cosmology in extra-dimensional scenarios.
Evaluation of muscle energy in isometric maintenance as an index of muscle fatigue in roller speed skating
Authors: Bongiorno Giulia , Biancuzzi Helena , Dal Mas Francesca , Miceli Luca
Published: March 2023

Roller speed skating is a discipline in which muscle fatigue plays an important role in athletes; in this work, we wanted to evaluate whether a methodological approach based on the energy required to maintain an isometric muscle contraction for one minute, indexed on the MVIC (maximum voluntary isometric contraction), i.e. % RMS/MVIC can give results similar to the frequency decay analysis/time in terms of usability for athlete training and injury prevention. Right and left gluteus maximus and vastus lateralis muscles (involved in the propulsive phase of skating ) were examined separately by surface electromyography in three competitive athletes in short-track speed skating on asphalt. The results showed an asymmetry between the right (less resistant) and left (more resistant) lower limb, in all three athletes, from the point of view of fatigue, in both investigated muscles. Furthermore, a trend in terms of fatigue resistance was found that was directly proportional to skill in both muscles studied. This can be of help in better planning the training of street speed skaters (which although similar to the discipline on ice is not completely superimposable) with the dual purpose of improving their performance and preventing injuries, often linked to the degree of right-left muscle asymmetry.
On the transformative potential of Hungarian local food-buying clubs
Authors: Benedek Zsófia
Published: March 2023

This study describes the development trends of local food-buying clubs (BCs) in Hungary and analyses how this type of grassroots initiative can contribute to the sustainability transition. BC are consumer-driven organizations which aim to connect local food producers with consumers. The study also discusses how the Hungarian implementation differs from other initiatives described in the literature. The empirical analysis employs qualitative techniques, including participant observation, in-depth interviews with three organizers and two external experts, and a survey of 82 BC producers. BCs may be instrumental in facilitating the sustainability transition: on the one hand, they reach a wide range of consumers, and on the other, they are in contact with a multitude of producers, so everything is in place for their successful scaling up, with a particular focus on the maintenance of core values. BCs can thus play an instrumental role in influencing attitudes and fostering community. One of their most significant advantages is that, while they can operate independently of the growth imperatives of the dominant capitalist paradigm, they can also be understood within it. The increase in the number of grassroots initiatives has led to the formation of a meta-organization aimed at generating and sharing knowledge and the joint utilization and development of specific resources, such as information technologies. The variety of organizational forms and operating modes allows the general approach of buying clubs to be tailored to specific micro-contexts. However, there is a potential danger associated with the large proportion of volunteer work. For BCs to be successful over the long term, it is vital that they are self-sufficient in terms of everyday economic activities and that organizers are at least partially compensated for their efforts.
Associations between dairy farm performance indicators and culling rates under policy-driven herd size constraints
Authors: Kulkarni Pranav Shrikant , Mourits Monique , Nielen Mirjam , Steeneveld Wilma
Published: March 2023

Introduction

This article aimed to study cross-sectional associations between the performance of dairy farms and their corresponding culling proportions under the herd size constraint as imposed in 2018 by the new phosphate regulation in the Netherlands.

Methods

To this end, production data from 10,540 Dutch dairy farms were analyzed to capture the inflow and outflow of both primiparous and multiparous cows. Farm performance was measured by 10 indicators structured in four areas of longevity, production, reproduction, and udder health. Farm culling proportions were represented by the overall culling (OC) and the number of culled primiparous cows in relation to (i) the total number of producing cows (PC), (ii) the number of producing primiparous cows (PPC), and (iii) the number of culled producing cows (POC). Spearman's rank correlation and weighted logistic regression were adopted to study associations.

Results

In 2018, on average, 28% of producing cows were culled (OC). The number of primiparous cows culled represented 4.5% of the total number of producing cows (PC) and the mean proportion of culled primiparous cows was 18.8% of the total number of producing primiparous cows (PPC), and, of the total number of producing culled cows, 15% were primiparous cows (POC). However, the variance around the mean, and among individual farms, was high (SD 4–15% for all four culling proportions). Results from rank correlation showed very low-rank conformity (<12%) between the areas of production, reproduction, and udder health to the culling proportions. Results from logistic regression showed that higher farm levels of production and higher percentages of cows with poor udder health were associated with more overall culling but with less primiparous culling. For reproduction indicators, the associations were similar for overall and primiparous culling. However, except for the average age of culled animals, the odds ratios for indicators were close to 1 (range: 0.92–1.07 and 0.68–1.07 for OC and PPC, respectively), indicating only weak associations to culling proportions.

Discussion

In conclusion, although the introduction of phosphate regulation resulted in an increased outflow of cattle, corresponding culling proportions were not associated with the level of farm performance measured in terms of production, reproduction, or udder health.
Modulatory effect of MG-132 proteasomal inhibition on boar sperm motility during in vitro capacitation
Authors: Hackerova Lenka , Klusackova Barbora , Zigo Michal , Zelenkova Natalie , Havlikova Katerina , Krejcirova Romana , Sedmikova Marketa , Sutovsky Peter , Komrskova Katerina , Postlerova Pavla , Simonik Ondrej
Published: March 2023

A series of biochemical and biophysical changes during sperm capacitation initiates various signaling pathways related to protein phosphorylation leading to sperm hyperactivation, simultaneously with the regulation of proteasomal activity responsible for protein degradation and turnover. Our study aimed to unveil the role of the proteasome in the regulation of boar sperm motility, hyperactivated status, tyrosine phosphorylation, and total protein ubiquitination. The proteolytic activity of the 20S proteasomal core was inhibited by MG-132 in concentrations of 10, 25, 50, and 100 μM; and monitored parameters were analyzed every hour during 3 h of in vitro capacitation (IVC). Sperm motility and kinematic parameters were analyzed by Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) during IVC, showing a significant, negative, dose-dependent effect of MG-132 on total and progressive sperm motility (TMOT, PMOT, respectively). Furthermore, proteasomal inhibition by 50 and 100 μM MG-132 had a negative impact on velocity-based kinematic sperm parameters (VSL, VAP, and VCL). Parameters related to the progressivity of sperm movement (LIN, STR) and ALH were the most affected by the highest inhibitor concentration (100 μM). Cluster analysis revealed that the strongest proteasome-inhibiting treatment had a significant effect (p ≤ 0.05) on the hyperactivated sperm subpopulation. The flow cytometric viability results proved that reduced TMOT and PMOT were not caused by disruption of the integrity of the plasma membrane. Neither the protein tyrosine phosphorylation profile changes nor the accumulation of protein ubiquitination was observed during the course of capacitation under proteasome inhibition. In conclusion, inhibition of the proteasome reduced the ability of spermatozoa to undergo hyperactivation; however, there was no significant effect on the level of protein tyrosine phosphorylation and accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins. These effects might be due to the presence of compensatory mechanisms or the alteration of various ubiquitin-proteasome system-regulated pathways.
Successful treatment of idiopathic tetanus using metronidazole, magnesium, and acepromazine in Hanwoo (Korean indigenous cattle) yearling bull
Authors: Kim Youngjun , Ku Ji-Yeong , Lee Kichan , Moon Bo-Youn , Ha Seungmin , Choi Kyoung-Seong , Park Jinho
Published: March 2023

Bovine tetanus is a serious infectious disease of the central nervous system caused by the exotoxin produced byClostridium tetaniand is characterized by persistent tension and spasm of the rhabdomyocytes. Currently, many studies have focused on diagnosing tetanus; however, only a few studies on treatment methods have been conducted. Therefore, cattle with tetanus have been treated using symptomatic therapy. In this case, severe muscle spasticity and spasms were observed in a 9-month-old Hanwoo (Korean indigenous cattle) bull, and aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase levels were increased in serum biochemical tests. Clinically, bovine tetanus was strongly suspected, and metronidazole was administered orally for 5 days. To treat the intensifying bloat, a temporary rumenostomy was performed on the third day of onset, and the toxin gene (tetanospasmin) ofC. tetaniwas amplified by polymerase chain reaction analysis from the collected ruminal fluid. Magnesium and sedatives (acepromazine) were administered for 7 days to treat muscle spasticity and spasms. Muscle spasticity and spasm markedly improved, and the bull stood up from the lateral recumbent position. On the 17thday after onset, all tetanus-related symptoms resolved and a normal diet was started. Our findings demonstrated that treatment with metronidazole, magnesium, and acepromazine was effective in the bull with tetanus.
Recent advances in research in the rumen bloat of ruminant animals fed high-concentrate diets
Authors: Wang Yusu , Wang Lizhi , Wang Zhisheng , Xue Bai , Peng Quanhui , Hu Rui , Yan Tianhai
Published: March 2023

Rumen bloat is the most common digestive disorder in fattening ruminants, which is responsible for around 2–3 % of deaths in the ruminants industry and is therefore considered to be a serious threat to ruminant farming. The root cause of rumen bloat caused by feeding high concentrate dies would be attributed to the production of a large amount of stable foam during the fattening period. The exact mechanism of rumen foam formation has yet to be investigated. Proteins, polysaccharides and carboxylates derived from feed, and synthesized by microbes during the rumen fermentation may act as foaming agents or stabilizers in the formation progress of rumen foam. Supplementation of condensed tannins and other additives can be an effective way to prevent feedlot bloat induced by feeding high concentrate diets.
Lessons Learned from a Mixed-Method Pilot of a Norms-Shifting Social Media Intervention to Reduce Teacher-Perpetrated School-Related Gender-Based Violence in Uganda
Authors: Uysal Jasmine , Chitle Pooja , Akinola Marilyn , Kennedy Catherine , Tumusiime Rogers , McCarthy Pam , Gautsch Leslie , Lundgren Rebecka
Published: March 2023

Background: Violence against children (VAC) is a global epidemic rooted in gender norms. One of the most common forms of VAC is school-related gender-based violence (SRGBV). Research has shown the promise of social media to shift norms underlying abusive behaviors, but, to-date, no studies have reported on social media norms-shifting interventions to prevent SRGBV by teachers. This study describes lessons learned from a pilot social-media intervention to shift social norms among Ugandan teachers to promote gender equity and reduce SRGBV. Methods: We extracted information on group size, posts, engagements, and teachers’ comments from intervention Facebook and WhatsApp social media groups and conducted mixed-methods data analysis. The study and program team met weekly to review findings and adjust the approach. Results: We found many teachers voiced social norms and attitudes upholding SRGBV in online groups, highlighting the need for intervention. Social media groups were largely acceptable to teachers, reached many teachers throughout Uganda, and often promoted active discussion. The program team carefully monitored online engagement, identified needed shifts, and performed mid-course adjustments in response to emerging challenges. Lessons learned included focusing on positive norms instead of harmful norms, engaging peer-influencers to shift norms, and including educational resources to inform behavior change. Conclusions: This study offers learnings on application of social and behavior-change communication and social norms principles to future online violence prevention initiatives.
Parasitism Potential and Laboratory Rearing of Psyllaephagus sp., a Newly Discovered Parasitoid of Cacopsylla chinensis
Authors: Qin Zifang , Feng Mingyue , Zhang Liu , Ge Yang , Huang Xinzheng , Shi Wangpeng
Published: March 2023

Psyllaephagus sp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is a newly recognized and important parasitoid of Cacopsylla chinensis (Yang and Li) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), a pest of pear orchards. Its parasitism potential and rearing were studied in the laboratory. The studies showed that the most suitable hosts were fourth- and fifth-instar nymphs of pear psyllids (C. chinensis). The development duration of Psyllaephagus sp. females and males was 15.25 ± 0.37 and 13.57 ± 0.27 days when laying eggs in fourth-instar psyllid nymphs. The wasps did not survive longer than three days when they were fed only water, while they survived about an average of 20 days (23.20 ± 1.12 for females and 19.00 ± 0.80 for males) when fed 20% honey water. The provision of honey water could thus increase adult parasitoid longevity significantly. The lifetime fecundity of Psyllaephagus sp. females was 21.60 ± 0.88. Tests of parasitoid efficiency showed that the wasp’s functional response was Holling type II, with the number of hosts parasitized increasing with the host density to a maximum parasitism rate. The model suggested that a single Psyllaephagus sp. female could parasitize a maximum of 13.66 nymphs per day. The mutual interference of foraging Psyllaephagus sp. females occurred at high parasitoid densities. Psyllaephagus sp. has potential as a biocontrol agent for use against C. chinensis.
Design and Testing of an End-Effector for Tomato Picking
Authors: Wang Tianchi , Du Weiwei , Zeng Lingshen , Su Long , Zhao Yiming , Gu Fang , Liu Li , Chi Qian
Published: March 2023

Based on the structural shortage of an agricultural labor force and the continuous increase in tomato planting scale in China, as well as the limitation of a greenhouse working environment on the development of tomato picking productivity, a motor-driven end-effector for a tomato picking robot based on a hybrid force/position control strategy was designed. First, a hybrid force/position control strategy was applied to control the picking process. Consistent with this strategy, the mechanical structure design of the end-effector was determined. The maximum torque of the finger joint motor was verified by applying a load to the end-effector fingertip under a parabolic linear angular velocity. Second, the D-H method was used to establish the end-effector single-finger and whole-hand coordinate systems and to perform forward and inverse kinematic analysis. The Monte Carlo method was used to analyze the workspace of the end-effector, and an isochronous interpolation algorithm was used to analyze the angular displacement of the motor. A basic algorithm for starting, stopping and accelerating the finger joints was designed to achieve the smooth movement of the end-effector. The control system for the end-effector was designed based on STM32F103ZET6, and the end-effector remote wireless debugging system was designed based on Tiny6410. Finally, a test prototype of the tomato picking end-effector was manufactured and picking tests were conducted, which showed that our tomato picking end-effector moved smoothly. The proposed control algorithm reduced the impact force and recorded the contact force between the end-effector and the tomato in real time, and the end-effector essentially achieved nondestructive picking. Therefore, our tomato picking end-effector demonstrated good utility in practice.
Use of Compost Based on Invasive Algae Rugulopteryx okamurae as a Peat Alternative in Nursery Growing Media
Authors: Berti Francesca , Salas-Sanjuán María del Carmen , Hernández-López Francisco , Correa-Bustos Amelia , Segura-Pérez María Luz
Published: March 2023

The invasion of the macroalgae Rugulopteryx okamurae is causing several environmental and economic problems along Spanish Mediterranean coasts. The use of composts based on R. okamurae as a peat alternative in nursery production could be a valid alternative for the exploitation of this organic material. The present study evaluated three different composts as peat substitutes in potting media to grow tomato seedlings: compost of R. okamurae, compost of green horticultural residues (two-thirds) and R. okamurae (one-third), compost of garden pruning residues (two-thirds) and R. okamurae (one-third). Each compost was used to formulate two different substrates to reduce the use of peat (40% compost, 40% peat, 20% perlite) or entirely substitute it (80% compost, 20% perlite), using a control treatment with 80% peat and 20% perlite. Only the control treatment received mineral fertigation during the trial. The results showed that the high initial electrical conductivity and ion concentration were remarkably reduced thanks to the fast leaching of salt that occurred with customary irrigation. Generally, compost-based treatments allowed us to obtain tomato seedlings with satisfactory morphological parameters. The substrates that contained 40% compost of R. okamurae or a compost of garden pruning residues and R. okamurae led to the best results in term of seedling parameters. It is therefore concluded that composts based on R. okamuare could be used as a seedling growing medium for the valorization of algae.
Genetic Diversity of Colletotrichum spp. Causing Grape Anthracnose in Zhejiang, China
Authors: Ye Boyang , Zhang Jingqun , Chen Xiangyang , Xiao Wenfei , Wu Jianyan , Yu Hong , Zhang Chuanqing
Published: March 2023

Anthracnose is a fungal disease that seriously threatens grape production and quality. Multiple Colletotrichum species are detected in anthracnose grapes in vineyards. In this study, diseased grapes were collected in four counties in Zhejiang, and 43 Colletotrichum isolates were obtained. Multi-genes (ITS, TUB2, ACT, CHS-I, and GAPDH) and morphological characteristic analyses showed that C. fructicola (40 isolates, 93%), C. aenigma (two isolates, 4.7%), and C. pseudoacutatum (one isolate, 2.3%) were the cause of grape anthracnose in Zhejiang. Among the three Colletotrichum species, C. fructicola was the prevalent and dominant species in all sampled counties; C. pseudoacutatum was first identified as the pathogen responsible for grape anthracnose. There were significant differences in the sporulation among the three Colletotrichum species, as well as in the spore germination. Pathogenicity testing showed that all species can infect grapes, resulting in anthracnose. On the other hand, the virulence of species was varied and may be associated with their spore germination. This is the first study to characterize the Colletotrichum species causing grape anthracnose in Zhejiang Province and reveal that C. fructicola is the dominant species. The determination of Colletotrichum species associated with grape anthracnose may contribute to the study of epidemiology and development of an efficient strategy for controlling anthracnose in the vineyards.
Identification of Two Novel Loci Underlying Tolerance to Clavibacter michiganensis Originating from Solanum arcanum LA2157
Authors: Koseoglou Eleni , Brouwer Matthijs , Mudadirwa Derek , Van der Wolf Jan M. , Visser Richard G. F. , Bai Yuling
Published: March 2023

Clavibacter michiganensis (Cm) is a tomato phytopathogenic bacterium. Outbreaks of Cm can result in severe yield and economic losses. To date, no resistance to Cm has been identified. Screening of wild tomato accessions has resulted in the identification of several sources of tolerance to Cm. The genetic background of tolerance provided by these sources is polygenic and complex. Previous results from advanced lines of a cross between Solanum arcanum LA2157 and S. lycopersicum showed that introgression lines carrying a locus of S. arcanum LA2157 on chromosome 7 had high levels of tolerance to Cm. We set out to functionally characterize this locus, in an effort to identify the gene(s) underlying the observed tolerance. Testing of near isogenic lines (NILs) containing a fixed LA2157 introgression on chromosome 7 did not lead to the expected results, as high susceptibility was observed in some NILs homozygous for the S. arcanum LA2157 allele. Therefore, we employed whole genome sequencing in combination with a bulk segregant analysis to identify loci involved in the observed tolerant phenotype. Our results suggest that two additional loci on chromosomes 2 and 4 together with the locus on chromosome 7 are required for tolerance to Cm.
Design and Synthesis of Novel Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Breijyeh Zeinab , Karaman Rafik
Published: March 2023

The necessity for the discovery of innovative antimicrobials to treat life-threatening diseases has increased as multidrug-resistant bacteria has spread. Due to antibiotics’ availability over the counter in many nations, antibiotic resistance is linked to overuse, abuse, and misuse of these drugs. The World Health Organization (WHO) recognized 12 families of bacteria that present the greatest harm to human health, where options of antibiotic therapy are extremely limited. Therefore, this paper reviews possible new ways for the development of novel classes of antibiotics for which there is no pre-existing resistance in human bacterial pathogens. By utilizing research and technology such as nanotechnology and computational methods (such as in silico and Fragment-based drug design (FBDD)), there has been an improvement in antimicrobial actions and selectivity with target sites. Moreover, there are antibiotic alternatives, such as antimicrobial peptides, essential oils, anti-Quorum sensing agents, darobactins, vitamin B6, bacteriophages, odilorhabdins, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, and cannabinoids. Additionally, drug repurposing (such as with ticagrelor, mitomycin C, auranofin, pentamidine, and zidovudine) and synthesis of novel antibacterial agents (including lactones, piperidinol, sugar-based bactericides, isoxazole, carbazole, pyrimidine, and pyrazole derivatives) represent novel approaches to treating infectious diseases. Nonetheless, prodrugs (e.g., siderophores) have recently shown to be an excellent platform to design a new generation of antimicrobial agents with better efficacy against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Ultimately, to combat resistant bacteria and to stop the spread of resistant illnesses, regulations and public education regarding the use of antibiotics in hospitals and the agricultural sector should be combined with research and technological advancements.
Mycobacterium marinum: A Challenging Cause of Protracted Tenosynovitis
Authors: Moestrup Pernille Grand , Stilling Maiken , Wejse Christian Morberg , Dahl Victor Naestholt
Published: March 2023

Mycobacterium marinum infections are rare, and they can be difficult to diagnose and treat. This may lead to further spread of the infection and complications, such as tenosynovitis, pyomyositis, and osteomyelitis. A 40-year-old previously healthy man presented with tenosynovitis of the extensor tendons on the second phalanx of his right hand. He was initially treated with steroid injections without any effect. Followingly, ulceration and an abscess developed on the dorsal site of the hand. At this point, it came to the physician’s knowledge that the patient had been cleaning an aquarium before onset of symptoms. After progression to massive tenosynovitis, the patient was admitted and underwent multiple surgical debridements. Briefly, after the first surgery, an interferon-γ release assay was positive, and treatment for M. marinum with rifampicin and azithromycin was initiated after eight months of symptoms. Later, a surgical biopsy showed acid-fast bacilli, and a polymerase chain reaction confirmed the diagnosis of M. marinum. In this case story, we highlight the difficulties of diagnosing and managing this complicated infection, describe the considerable morbidity associated with it, and suggest that local tissue concentrations could be useful to improve clinical outcomes, as these concentrations are potentially suboptimal.