bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aberrant cortical spine dynamics after concussive injury are reversed by integrated stress response inhibition
Authors: Frias Elma S. , Hoseini Mahmood S. , Krukowski Karen , Paladini Maria Serena , Grue Katherine , Ureta Gonzalo , Rienecker Kira D. A. , Walter Peter , Stryker Michael P. , Rosi Susanna
Published: October 2022

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of long-term neurological disability in the world and the strongest environmental risk factor for the development of dementia. Even mild TBI (resulting from concussive injuries) is associated with a greater than twofold increase in the risk of dementia onset. Little is known about the cellular mechanisms responsible for the progression of long-lasting cognitive deficits. The integrated stress response (ISR), a phylogenetically conserved pathway involved in the cellular response to stress, is activated after TBI, and inhibition of the ISR—even weeks after injury—can reverse behavioral and cognitive deficits. However, the cellular mechanisms by which ISR inhibition restores cognition are unknown. Here, we used longitudinal two-photon imaging in vivo after concussive injury in mice to study dendritic spine dynamics in the parietal cortex, a brain region involved in working memory. Concussive injury profoundly altered spine dynamics measured up to a month after injury. Strikingly, brief pharmacological treatment with the drug-like small-molecule ISR inhibitor ISRIB entirely reversed structural changes measured in the parietal cortex and the associated working memory deficits. Thus, both neural and cognitive consequences of concussive injury are mediated in part by activation of the ISR and can be corrected by its inhibition. These findings suggest that targeting ISR activation could serve as a promising approach to the clinical treatment of chronic cognitive deficits after TBI.
Władysław Strzemiński’s theory of vision and Ronald Langacker’s theory of language
Authors: Tabakowska Elżbieta
Published: October 2022

The paper presents evidence in support of the claim that there are some obvious parallels between Ronald Langacker’s theory of grammar, with its emphasis on the role of imagery in language creation and use, and the theory of visual perception as proposed by the prominent Polish art historian and philosopher Władysław Strzemiński in his 1958 book Teoria widzenia (“A Theory of Vision” (2016/1958). Strzemiński argues that paintings are iconic representations of the world as an object of different types of visual perception. Significant similarities between particular types of vision and some fundamental properties of language as defined within the cognitivist framework suggest that linguistic structures are based, to a large extent, on visual perception and that the relation between visual and verbal representations is inherently iconic. It will be argued that the relation between vision and language is based upon principles of iconicity and that an analysis of visual perception may lead to relevant insights into the processes of language creation and development.
Iconicity in gesture
Authors: Fibigerová Kateřina , Guidetti Michèle
Published: October 2022

Our paper contributes to the discussion about iconicity by bringing attention to iconic co-speech gestures. We investigate their role in situations where mental representation becomes difficult to fully express through words only. For instance, when Czech speakers describe Motion, the lexicon most often does not allow them to verbalize Path of Motion without indicating Manner of Motion at the same time.

In this context, we asked 72 Czech children and adults to watch and describe Motion video clips where Manner was visually backgrounded in favor of Path. Although adults found a way to verbalize Path without Manner more often than children, Czech participants altogether typically verbalized both Path and Manner but they preferred to gesture about Path only. Gesturing about both Path and Manner was generally marginal and more used by adults than by children. When it occurred, gesturally conveyed Manner tended to be different from spoken Manner and closer to actually viewed Manner. We discuss the ability of creative non-arbitrary iconic gesture to modulate verbal content so that the final polysemiotic message is more satisfactory than the verbal message alone would be.
The iconicity of emotive Hijazi non-lexical expressions of disgust
Authors: Assaadi Mashael
Published: October 2022

This study examines the non-arbitrary relationship between Hijazi Arabic Non-Lexical Expressions (HNLEs) and their meanings of disgust based on a semiotic framework. I examine the meanings of the eight HNLEs [ɪf], [uf], [ɔf:u], [ɪf:i], [ɪx:i], [kɪx], [jɪʕ], and [ǀ], the last of which is produced with repetition and deceleration, and argue that this relationship is motivated. The data was elicited from Hijazi speakers by means of an open questionnaire, with the analysis revealing that the physical vocalizations of HNLEs bear similarities to the physical gestures signalling disgust, including how the speakers shape their mouths in a specific manner. The HNLEs stand as motivated representations for the emotion of disgust.
The rise of a concessive “category reassessment” construction
Authors: Traugott Elizabeth Closs
Published: October 2022

In the Late Modern English period, several expressions arose with concessive ‘despite what might be expected’
meaning, among them anyway, nonetheless and all the same (Lenker 2010). The topic of this paper is the rise of the specialized concessive construction “but (be) X all
the same”. In the full rhetorical formula of which it is a part, X is initially represented as not having properties Y but
nevertheless as having sufficient other relevant properties to be classified as X, as in “…fear. It is not the eye-rolling,
quaking fear seen in police states, but it is fear all the same” (1963 coha). Here the writer concedes that there is fear
despite Y (see Horn [1991] on “redundant information”) and invites the addressee to
reinterpret the initial X retrospectively (see Haselow [2013] on functions of “final
particles”). Using data mainly from clmet3.0 and coha, I discuss the conventionalization of this construction in
terms of Diachronic Construction Grammar and argue alongside, for example, Goldberg
(2004); Cappelle (2017) and Finkbeiner
(2019) that pragmatics should be given a larger role in construction grammar than has often been the case in the
past.
Responding to thanks
Authors: Brinton Laurel J.
Published: October 2022

A variety of forms serve as responses to thanks in Present-day English, albeit infrequently. Such responses
minimize the debt incurred by the thanker and serve purposes of negative politeness. The history of responses to thanks has
received only brief attention (Jacobsson 2002; Jucker 2020; Taavitsainen and Jucker 2020). Most of the contemporary
responses to thanks (e.g., no problem and you bet) are of quite recent origin. Those that
“express pleasure” (the pleasure was mine) appear in the late-nineteenth century, while those that express
“verbal acknowledgment” (all right, okay) appear in the twentieth century. The increase of minimizing responses
is consonant with a trend toward negative politeness, while the loss of the deferential forms found in Early Modern English
(your humble servant) reflects the rise of camaraderie politeness. Responses to thanks have also undergone
“attenuation” (Jucker 2019), evidenced by the appearance of short forms
(welcome), the rise of verbal acknowledgment types, and the increasing use of such responses as
conversational closers.
Looking for concepts in Early Modern English
Authors: Fitzmaurice Susan
Published: October 2022

The idea that conceptual meaning in discourse could be identified in constellations of lexical co-occurrences in a particular “universe” of discourse was key in guiding the computational historical semantic–pragmatic work conducted in the Linguistic dna project. The project mapped prominent lexical co-occurrences across the two hundred years of publications in Early English Books Online (eebo-tcp; Text Creation Partnership edition), yielding concept models – constellations of non-adjacent lemmas that consistently co-occur across spans of up to 100 tokens. The goal was to map meaning onto concept models as “discursive concepts”, using encyclopaedic knowledge, pragmatic analysis and context.

The first question concerns the effectiveness of making early hypotheses about the discursive meaning of concept models based on the inferred connections between the lemmas in a quad constellation. The second question is whether the meaning of frequent, apparently stable concept models changes upon their closer scrutiny in the discourses they lead us into. A reader familiar with the particular universe of discourse in which these quads occur, and with the social, historical, literary and philosophical traditions, and the context that they occupy, might be effectively primed by their encyclopaedic knowledge to hypothesise this discursive meaning. This paper demonstrates the efficacy of hypothesis building using encyclopaedic knowledge and pragmatic analysis to interpret optimally relevant concept models.
Translatability, modeling, otherness and the intersemiotic spaces of meaning
Authors: Petrilli Susan
Published: October 2022

What comes to the attention immediately in translation is the relationship between the initial text and the
destination text. In interlingual translation these two texts belong to two different historical-natural languages, the transition
is from the verbal to the verbal. But the interpretive trajectory transits through multiple sign systems, never exclusively
verbal. Interlingual translation involves the verbal signs of historical-natural languages, but is also of the semiotic order.
Signs call for interpretants. In terms of Ogden and Richard’s meaning triangle, to reach from the sign to what it means without
passing through the apex representing the act of interpretation is not possible. Evoking authors who have contributed to
understanding the semiotic nature of interpretive work and signifying processes, implied in the simplest act of translation, my
task here is to evidence just how semiotically complex the work of translation is even in the case of interlingual
translation.
Study on microstructure and impact toughness of laser hybrid welding joints
Authors: Han Zhengpeng , Li Xiucheng , Shang Chengjia , Wang Qichen , Sun Weihua , Li Guobao , Guo Fujian , Xia Dianxiu
Published: October 2022

In the study, laser-MIG hybrid welding of high-strength shipbuilding steel was conducted. The microstructure and impact toughness were studied. The microstructure of the Filling and capping weld metal (FCWM) is widmanstatten and acicular ferrite. The microstructure of the backing WM (BWM) and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) are bainite. The impact energy of the joints is greater than 110 J at different charpy impact test positions. The reason for the different toughness is related to the proportion and distribution of the microstructure at the V-notch of the impact specimen. Through the observation of the section, it is also found that the section corresponding to the microstructure of the different HAZ will show significant differences in fracture morphology.
Tilt angle impact on strength, microstructure of friction stir welded AZ91CMg plates
Authors: Yaknesh S. , Sevvel P. , Sampathkumar K. , John Solomon I. , Rajamurugu N.
Published: October 2022

The role of tilt angle on strength and microstructural attributes of friction stir welded AZ91C Mg plates was investigated by employing three tilt angles. The presence of unique semicircular-shaped impressions on the surface of the joints attained at 1° tilt angle revealed the generation of ideal heat volume and transfer of plasticised metal towards the trailing end for attaining enhanced fusion. Zone of nugget of the joint obtained during 1° tilt angle, possessed smaller sized grain structures. The strength of joints escalated from 188 to 205 MPa (nearly 86% of the parent metal) when tilt angle was raised from 0° to 1°. But at 2° of tilt angle, strength reduced drastically, declaring the impact of tilt angle is a parabolic category of variation.
Fluorite-related iridate Pr3IrO7: crystal growth, structure, magnetism, thermodynamic, and optical properties
Authors: Kumar Harish , Köpf M , Ullrich A , Klinger M , Jesche A , Kuntscher C A
Published: October 2022

Spin–orbit coupling in heavy 5d metal oxides, in particular, iridates have received tremendous interest in recent years due to the realization of exotic electronic and magnetic phases. Here, we report the synthesis, structural, magnetic, thermodynamic, and optical properties of the ternary iridate Pr3IrO7. Single crystals of Pr3IrO7 have been grown by the KF flux method. Structural analysis shows that Pr3IrO7 crystallizes in an orthorhombic phase with Cmcm symmetry. The electron energy loss spectroscopy study indicates that Pr is in a 3+ valence state, which implies a 5+ oxidation state of Ir. Magnetization data measured at high and low magnetic fields do not exhibit any bifurcation between M

ZFC
and M

FC
, however, a weak hump in M(T) is observed at

T

∗

∼

10.4 K. The specific heat data reveal two maxima at ∼253 and ∼4.8 K. The optical conductivity

σ
1

(
ω
)

spectrum shows 24 infrared-active phonon modes and reveals an insulating behavior with an optical gap

Δ

O
P

of size ∼500 meV. During cooling down, the temperature-dependent reflectivity spectrum reveals eight extra phonon modes below the structural phase transition (∼253 K). An anomaly is observed at around

T

∗

in the temperature evolution of infrared-active mode frequencies suggesting the presence of significant spin–phonon coupling in the system.
Theoretical investigation of vibrational and electronic properties of HMX crystal under uniaxial compression
Authors: Fan Junyu , Gao Nan , Wang Pengju
Published: October 2022

Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) is a typical energetic molecular crystal with excellent detonation performance and good thermal stability, has been widely used in military and civilian purposes. In this work, the vibrational properties of HMX combined with structure and electronic properties are studied to understand its pressure response against uniaxial compressions. The calculated eigenvalues of stress tensors show significant anisotropy of intermolecular interactions. Especially, the direction of shear stress τxy
and τxz
in [100] compression have an abrupt change near V/V
0 = 0.84. Further, Raman spectra under each uniaxial compression are simulated to inspect the molecular configuration of HMX. Compared to the blue shifts of [010] and [001] orientations, the discontinuous Raman shifts of at V/V
0 = 0.86–0.84 in [100] orientation suggest that HMX would undergoes a possible structural transformation at the pressure of 6.82–9.15 GPa. Structural analysis implies that the subtle rotation of NO2 group is changed by intermolecular interactions of HMX. Moreover, the abnormal evolution of band gap is observed at V/V
0 = 0.84 in [100] orientation, which is associated with the structure modification of HMX. Overall, the compression behaviors of HMX under uniaxial compressions would provide a useful insight for the actual shock compression conditions.
Exact results for the orbital angular momentum of magnons on honeycomb lattices
Authors: Fishman Randy S , Lindsay Lucas , Okamoto Satoshi
Published: October 2022

We obtain exact results for the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of magnons at the high symmetry points of ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AF) honeycomb lattices in the presence of Dzyallonshinskii–Moriya (DM) interactions. For the FM honeycomb lattice in the absence of DM interactions, the values of the OAM at the corners of the Brillouin zone (BZ) (

k

1
∗

=
(
0
,
2

3

/

9
)
2
π

/

a

,

k

2
∗

=
(
1

/

3
,

3

/

9
)
2
π

/

a
,
…

) are alternately

±
3
ℏ

/

16

for both magnon bands. The presence of DM interactions dramatically changes those values by breaking the degeneracy of the two magnon bands. The OAM values are alternately

3
ℏ

/

8

and 0 for the lower magnon band and

−
3
ℏ

/

8

and 0 for the upper magnon band. For the AF honeycomb lattice, the values of the OAM at the corners of the BZ are

∓
(
3
ℏ

/

16
)
κ

on one of the degenerate magnon bands and

±
(
3
ℏ

/

8
)
(
1
+
κ

/

2
)

on the other, where κ measures the anisotropy and the result is independent of the DM interaction.
Crack mediated dislocation activities in Al/Ti nanolayered composites: an atomistic study
Authors: Maurya Sumit Kumar , Chandra Sagar , Nie Jian-Feng , Alankar Alankar
Published: October 2022

In this work, to understand crack propagation in Al/Ti nanolayered composites, a series of molecular dynamic simulations were performed with crack in different layers of the nanolayered composites and subjected to mode I loading. Nanolayered composite with a crack in Al layer, and monolithic Al show ductile fracture behavior that occurs by nucleation of Shockley partial dislocation at the crack tip. On the other hand, the fracture behavior in nanolayered composites with a crack in Ti shows crack bowing which is similar to the brittle fracture, and subsequent crack trapping at the interface. However, monolithic Ti shows typical cleavage fracture followed by activation of basal and pyramidal

⟨
c
+
a
⟩

slip that blunts the crack leading to ductile fracture. When the crack is in the Ti layer, the other Ti layers in a nanolayered composite deform by prismatic and pyramidal

⟨
c
+
a
⟩

slip. However, the Ti layer deforms only via slip on prismatic planes when the crack is in the Al layer. Critical strain energy release rate G

c
based continuum analysis predicts the fracture mode in monolithic Ti correctly, but it fails to predict the fracture mode in monolithic Al and nanolayered composites with crack in the Al layer. It is found that the G

c
determined based on external loading is marginally higher when the crack is in the Al layer as compared against the case when the crack is in the Ti layer. The G

c
value for the basal and pyramidal slip in Ti is higher than the G

c
value for cleavage. This poses an interesting phenomenon since the G

c
in monolithic Al is found to be much lower than that of monolithic Ti. The reason is attributed to the constrained plasticity in the presence of an Al/Ti interface.
Molecular beam epitaxial growth of multilayer 2D-boron nitride on Ni substrates from borazine and plasma-activated nitrogen
Authors: Hadid Jawad , Colambo Ivy , Avila Jose , Plaud Alexandre , Boyaval Christophe , Deresmes Dominique , Nuns Nicolas , Dudin Pavel , Loiseau Annick , Barjon Julien , Wallart Xavier , Vignaud Dominique
Published: October 2022

2D boron nitride (2D-BN) was synthesized by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy on polycrystalline and monocrystalline Ni substrates using gaseous borazine and active nitrogen generated by a remote plasma source. The excess of nitrogen atoms allows to overcome the thickness self-limitation active on Ni when using borazine alone. The nucleation density and the shape of the 2D-BN domains are clearly related to the Ni substrate preparation and to the growth parameters. Based on spatially-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and on the detection of the π plasmon peak, we discuss the origin of the N1s and B1s components and their relationship with an electronic coupling at the interface. After optimization of the growth parameters, a full 2D-BN coverage is obtained, although the material thickness is not evenly distributed. The 2D-BN presents a granular structure on (111) oriented Ni grains, showing a rather poor cristallographic quality. On the contrary, high quality 2D-BN is found on (101) and (001) Ni grains, where triangular islands are observed whose lateral size is limited to ∼20 μm.
Tuning electronic and optical properties of monolayer MoS2 by transition metal and nitrogen co-doping
Authors: Zhao Yafei , Nie Kuiying , He Liang
Published: October 2022

In this work, using first principles study, we systematically studied the doping site, formation energy, electronic and optical properties of transition metal (TM), nitrogen (N) mono-doped and co-doped MoS2. It is found that TM and N atoms tend to settle at Mo and N sites, respectively. Both mono-doping and co-doping can reduce the band gap of MoS2. Mono-doping and co-doping can introduce impurity levels (ILs) within the band gap of MoS2. Especially, Sc-N co-doping positions the ILs in the middle of the band gap of MoS2, which can better assist the photogenerated electronic transitions. More importantly, the additionally added interband transitions can realize infrared light (IR) photoresponse through two-step optical absorption. This work has guiding significance for promoting the applications of MoS2 in the field of IR photodetectors and photovoltaic devices.
Optoelectronic and thermoelectric characteristics of lead-free halide based double perovskites Rb2GaInX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) for solar cell applications
Authors: Ejaz Ayesha , Mustafa Ghulam M , Amin Muhammad , Noor N A , Ullah Hamid , Neffati R
Published: October 2022

For the fabrication of thermoelectric and optoelectronic devices, metal halide perovskite materials are perfect applicants. In this work, first-principles computation is carried out to explore the structural, optical, electronic, and transport features of Rb2InGaX6(X = Cl, Br, I).In structural calculations, the obtained value of Paugh’s ratio(B/G) reveals the material’s brittleness. The acquired negative value of enthalpy of formation (∆Hf) exposes the studied materials are stable. The exploitation of band structure exhibits that the Rb2InGaX6(X = Cl, Br) compound possesses an indirect bandgap value of 2.20eV for Cl, which significantly decreases to 0.90 eV by substituting anion from Cl up to I. The materials under observation possess a remarkable absorption coefficient α (ω) in ultraviolet and visible region (2–8eV) of light spectra, which makes it practical for photocell and optical device fabrication. Furthermore, the transport features are estimated by utilizing the BoltzTrap code within the temperature range of 200–500 K. The calculated value of the figure of merit (ZT) indicates that Rb2GaInX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) compounds are a potential candidate for thermoelectric device applications.
Impact of erbium on structural, optical, magnetic and photocatalytic performance of Co-Mn nanoferrites
Authors: Abu-Elsaad N I , Mazen S A , Nawara A S
Published: October 2022

The citrate method was used successfully to synthesize rare earth erbium (Er3+) doped Co-Mn nanoferrites (CME nanoferrites) with the chemical formulation Co0.5Mn0.5ErxFe2−xO4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1). Specimens’ X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns ensured the production of a single-phase cubic spinel structure; although, a secondary phase of Er2O3 had been observed at higher Er concentration (x ≥ 0.06). The lattice parameter (a) rose as the Er3+ content in the lattice grew. Average crystallite size, determined by Williamson–Hall method, increased first up to x = 0.06 and then declined at higher values of x. According to FTIR analysis revealed that the spectra included two main absorption bands at ∼600 and 400 cm−1, as well as other bands. The band gap was estimated using UV-Diffuse reflectance (DR) spectroscopy, which ranged between 1.39 and 1.48 eV. The saturation magnetization was first boosted by doping Er3+ till x = 0.02, then decreased as the Er3+ ion concentration rose. Inclusion of erbium ions significantly increased the coercivity from 538 G to 569 G. Photocatalytic effectiveness of CME nanoferrites was examined by measuring Methylene Blue (MB) photocatalytic degradation (PCD) under natural Sunshine. Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 had the highest photocatalytic activity in natural Sunlight (59% after 270 min), followed by Co0.5Mn0.5Er0.1Fe1.9O4 (49% after 270 min). As a result, CME nanoferrites could be considered as a suitable material for water purification.
A comprehensive study of structural, electrical and ferroelectric properties of NdFeO3-SnO2 nanocomposite
Authors: Ahmad Naseem , Somvanshi Anand , Husain Shahid , Khan Shakeel
Published: October 2022

The NdFeO3-SnO2 nanocomposite was successfully prepared using a solid-state reaction route. The dual-phase (orthorhombic and tetragonal) in the NdFeO3-SnO2 composite was confirmed by XRD and then analyzed by Rietveld refinement. In the Raman spectrum, the A1g and B2g modes of SnO2 were observed at 650 cm−1, and 770 cm−1, and 7Ag and 1B1g modes of NdFeO3 were observed at 95 cm−1 and 650 cm−1. The Raman fingerprint modes provide good support for the formation of NdFeO3-SnO2 composite. The optical band gap evaluated by using defused reflectance spectroscopy of the as-prepared composite is found to be 3.60 eV. DC resistivity of the nanocomposite decreased with temperature and the sample exhibited the typical semiconducting behavior. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss decreased with frequency while increased with temperature. AC conductivity of the sample increases with the increase in frequency as well as temperature. P-E plots at different temperatures and electric fields reflected the well-known hysteresis loops and hence established the ferroelectric nature of the sample. The low leakage current of the sample observed in the I-E plot hints towards the possible use of this material in dielectric devices.
Spinal stimulation for motor rehabilitation immediately modulates nociceptive transmission
Authors: Bandres Maria F , Gomes Jefferson L , McPherson Jacob G
Published: October 2022

Objective. Spinal cord injury (SCI) often results in debilitating movement impairments and neuropathic pain. Electrical stimulation of spinal neurons holds considerable promise both for enhancing neural transmission in weakened motor pathways and for reducing neural transmission in overactive nociceptive pathways. However, spinal stimulation paradigms currently under development for individuals living with SCI continue overwhelmingly to be developed in the context of motor rehabilitation alone. The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that motor-targeted spinal stimulation simultaneously modulates spinal nociceptive transmission. Approach. We characterized the neuromodulatory actions of motor-targeted intraspinal microstimulation (ISMS) on the firing dynamics of large populations of discrete nociceptive specific and wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons. Neurons were accessed via dense microelectrode arrays implanted in vivo into lumbar enlargement of rats. Nociceptive and non-nociceptive cutaneous transmission was induced before, during, and after ISMS by mechanically probing the L5 dermatome. Main results. Our primary findings are that (a) sub-motor threshold ISMS delivered to spinal motor pools immediately modulates concurrent nociceptive transmission; (b) the magnitude of anti-nociceptive effects increases with longer durations of ISMS, including robust carryover effects; (c) the majority of all identified nociceptive-specific and WDR neurons exhibit firing rate reductions after only 10 min of ISMS; and (d) ISMS does not increase spinal responsiveness to non-nociceptive cutaneous transmission. These results lead to the conclusion that ISMS parameterized to enhance motor output results in an overall net decrease n spinal nociceptive transmission. Significance. These results suggest that ISMS may hold translational potential for neuropathic pain-related applications and that it may be uniquely suited to delivering multi-modal therapeutic benefits for individuals living with SCI.
Modified Thirring model beyond the excluded-volume approximation
Authors: Campa Alessandro , Casetti Lapo , Di Cintio Pierfrancesco , Latella Ivan , Rubi J Miguel , Ruffo Stefano
Published: October 2022

Long-range interacting systems may exhibit ensemble inequivalence and can possibly attain equilibrium states under completely open conditions, for which energy, volume and number of particles simultaneously fluctuate. Here we consider a modified version of the Thirring model for self-gravitating systems with attractive and repulsive long-range interactions in which particles are treated as hard spheres in dimension d = 1, 2, 3. Equilibrium states of the model are studied under completely open conditions, in the unconstrained ensemble, by means of both Monte Carlo simulations and analytical methods and are compared with the corresponding states at fixed number of particles, in the isothermal-isobaric ensemble. Our theoretical description is performed for an arbitrary local equation of state, which allows us to examine the system beyond the excluded-volume approximation. The simulations confirm the theoretical prediction of the possible occurrence of first-order phase transitions in the unconstrained ensemble. This work contributes to the understanding of long-range interacting systems exchanging heat, work and matter with the environment.
On the depletion behaviour of low-temperature covalently bonded silicon sensor diodes
Authors: Wüthrich J. , Rubbia A.
Published: October 2022

Low temperature covalent direct wafer-wafer bonding allows for the fusion of multiple semiconductor wafers without any additional material at the bonding interface. In the context of particle pixel detectors this might provide an alternative to bump-bonding for joining sensors to readout chips. Previous investigations have shown that the amorphous layer formed at the interface during bonding is detrimental to charge propagation. To investigate the influence of the bonding interface on signal collection we have fabricated custom test structures by bonding high-resistivity N to high-resistivity P-type silicon wafers thus forming P-N junctions. Scanning transmission electron microscopy shows indeed the formation of ca. 3 nm wide amorphous layer at the interface. Using a scanning transient current technique (TCT) setup we were able to record generated signals. Illuminating our sample with light of different wavelengths and from different sides, indicates that the P side of the bonded structures can be fully depleted, but not the N side. This indicates a strongly asymmetric depletion behaviour which we attribute to the presence of the bonding interface.
To tread or not to tread: comparison between water treading and conventional flapping wing kinematics
Authors: Krishna Swathi , Gehrke Alexander , Mulleners Karen
Published: October 2022

Hovering insects are limited by their physiology and need to rotate their wings at the end of each back-and-forth motion to keep the wing’s leading edge ahead of its trailing edge. The wing rotation at the end of each half-stroke pushes the leading edge vortex away from the wing which leads to a loss in the lift. Unlike biological fliers, human-engineered flapping wing micro air vehicles have different design limitations. They can be designed to avoid the end of stroke wing rotation and use so-called water-treading flapping kinematics. Flapping wings using conventional flapping kinematics have a designated leading and trailing edge. In the water-treading mode, the role of the leading and trailing edges are continuously alternated throughout the stroke. Here, we compare velocity field and force measurements for a rectangular flapping wing conducting normal hovering and water-treading kinematics to study the difference in fluid dynamic performance between the two types of flapping kinematics. We show that for similar power consumption, the water-treading mode produces more lift than the conventional hovering mode and is 50% more efficient for symmetric pitching kinematics. In the water-treading mode, the leading edge vortex from the previous stroke is not pushed away but is captured and keeps the newly formed leading edge vortex closer to the wing, leading to a more rapid increase of the lift coefficient which is sustained for longer. This makes the water-treading mode a promising alternative for human-engineered flapping wing vehicles.
U.S. decarbonization impacts on air quality and environmental justice
Authors: Gallagher Ciaran L , Holloway Tracey
Published: October 2022

As policy organizations consider strategies to mitigate climate change, decarbonization initiatives can also reduce health-impacting air pollutants and may affect the associated racial disparities of adverse effects. With the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency CO-Benefits Risk Assessment Health Impacts Screening Tool (COBRA), we compare three decarbonization scenarios and their impacts at the regional and county scales. COBRA calculates changes in county-level ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and associated mortality impacts, for each decarbonization scenario. We compare these patterns with demographic data to evaluate the relative exposure reduction benefit across race and ethnicity. Carbon-free electricity would reduce national average ambient PM2.5 concentrations by 0.21 μg m−3, compared with a 0.19 μg m−3 reduction associated with carbon-free industrial activity, and a 0.08 μg m−3 reduction associated with carbon-free light duty vehicle (LDV) transportation. Decarbonization strategies also vary in terms of the racial groups most benefitting from each scenario, due to regional and urban/rural patterns in emission sources and population demographics. Black populations are the only group to experience relative exposure reduction benefits compared to the total population in every scenario, with industrial decarbonization yielding 23% greater reductions in ambient PM2.5 concentrations for Black populations than for the total U.S. population. The largest relative reduction in PM2.5 exposure was found for Asian populations in the carbon-free LDV transportation scenario (53%). The magnitudes of total air quality improvements by scenario vary across regions of the U.S., and generally do not align with the decarbonization policy that achieves the largest equity goal. Only the transportation decarbonization scenario meets the criteria of the Justice40 Initiative nationwide, fulfilling the 2021 commitment by U.S. President Biden that federal investments in clean energy are designed to allocate at least 40% of benefits to disadvantaged communities.
Assessment of Liquefaction Potential of Ash Ponds in Indian Regions Incorporating Different Seismic Conditions
Authors: Harihara Kumar PV , Sravanam Sasanka Mouli , Shiva Bhushan JYV , Mohammed Faizanjunaid
Published: October 2022

In India, coal ash is produced in quantities of over 70 million tons per year by NTPC plants with a global coal reserve of 8%. This coal ash will be held in ash ponds, which will be closed out when their capacity is reached. It can be decided whether to use the current ash pond or leave it unaltered based on the physical attributes and seismic characterization of the pond. Therefore, the characterization of coal ash ponds situated at NTPC Korba, Ramagundam, Singrauli, Sipat, and VTPS Vijayawada is presented in this research by considering shear wave velocity and penetration number. The seismic characterization of these sites is carried out in Deep-Soil employing equivalent linear analysis by considering the moment magnitude of four different earthquakes (Bhuj, Chamoli, India-Burma, and Kobe) through which peak surface accelerations and maximum strains are inferred. With the magnitudes of factor of safety and acceleration, respectively, it is determined that the ash ponds examined in this research are susceptible to liquefaction. The results of the Mercalli scale are compared to show the potentiality of vibrations induced by the earthquakes evaluated in this study. The ranges of accelerations determined from the final analysis show that the Kobe earthquake produced moderate to heavy damage while inflicting severe perceived shaking.
Comparative analysis of strength and deformation characteristics of clayey soil, when treated with fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag
Authors: Naga Bharath Ch , Babu Padavala Siva Shanmukha Anjaneya , Phani Kumar V , Hari Pavan N
Published: October 2022

Clayey soils swell on absorbing water and shrinks on drying, any constructions built on them are subjected to the differential settlements due to the loss of support from soil. Stabilization of clays with various additives have considerable successes. Lime, cement, CaCl2, fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), pond ash and other chemical reagents have been effective in stabilizing expansive soils and improving their characteristics like strength. This paper presents the comparison for strength and compressibility characteristics of clays when treated with FA and GGBS. In this investigation, FA content of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and GGBS of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% were been used with the soil. The strength was observed to be high at 20% of FA & 20% of GGBS when compared with normal clayey soil. The time required for 90% consolidation and compression index were considerably reduced for both FA and GGBS at addition of 20% to soil.
India’s new Environmental Impact Assessment (2020) draft notification: futuristic or retrograde?
Authors: Seetha Ram Katakam Venkata , Apurva S R
Published: October 2022

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is defined as the study to predict the outcome or the result of a proposed project on the environment. EIA is a resolution making tool as it suggests various options from the environment pollution point view from which an environment friendly one can be selected. Spread over four stages from screening, scoping, public consultation to the final approval EIA plays an important role for the decision makers for accepting or rejecting the development projects. In India the first EIA was notified in 1994 and was subsequently expanded in 2006. Recently in 2020 the Government released a new EIA draft which it claimed takes care of amendments and judgments related to the topic and invited suggestions from the stake holders. However, the new policy drew protests from many stake holders and environment experts who claim that the new draft dilutes the existing EIA process. This article looks critically into the contentious provisions of the new draft and suggests the way ahead.
Multiplex mobility network and metapopulation epidemic simulations of Italy based on open data
Authors: Desiderio Antonio , Salina Gaetano , Cimini Giulio
Published: October 2022

The patterns of human mobility play a key role in the spreading of infectious diseases and thus represent a key ingredient of epidemic modeling and forecasting. Unfortunately, as the Covid-19 pandemic has dramatically highlighted, for the vast majority of countries there is no availability of granular mobility data. This hinders the possibility of developing computational frameworks to monitor the evolution of the disease and to adopt timely and adequate prevention policies. Here we show how this problem can be addressed in the case study of Italy. We build a multiplex mobility network based solely on open data, and implement an susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) metapopulation model that allows scenario analysis through data-driven stochastic simulations. The mobility flows that we estimate are in agreement with real-time proprietary data from smartphones. Our modeling approach can thus be useful in contexts where high-resolution mobility data is not available.
Intermittent symmetry breaking and stability of the sharp Agmon–Hörmander estimate on the sphere
Authors: Negro Giuseppe , Oliveira e Silva Diogo
Published: October 2022

We compute the optimal constant and characterise the maximisers at all spatial scales for the Agmon–Hörmander

L
2

L^2

-Fourier adjoint restriction estimate on the sphere. The maximisers switch back and forth from being constants to being non-symmetric at the zeros of two Bessel functions. We also study the stability of this estimate and establish a sharpened version in the spirit of Bianchi–Egnell. The corresponding stability constant and maximisers again exhibit a curious intermittent behaviour.
The scattering map determines the nonlinearity
Authors: Killip Rowan , Murphy Jason , Visan Monica
Published: October 2022

Using the two-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation as a model example, we present a general method for recovering the nonlinearity of a nonlinear dispersive equation from its small-data scattering behavior. We prove that under very mild assumptions on the nonlinearity, the wave operator uniquely determines the nonlinearity, as does the scattering map. Evaluating the scattering map on well-chosen initial data, we reduce the problem to an inverse convolution problem, which we solve by means of an application of the Beurling–Lax Theorem.
Typically bounding torsion on elliptic curves isogenous to rational 𝑗-invariant
Authors: Genao Tyler
Published: October 2022

We prove that the family

I

F
0

\mathcal {I}_{F_0}

of elliptic curves over number fields that are geometrically isogenous to an elliptic curve with

F
0

F_0

-rational

j
j

-invariant is typically bounded in torsion. Under an additional uniformity assumption, we also prove that the family

I

d
0

\mathcal {I}_{d_0}

of elliptic curves over number fields that are geometrically isogenous to an elliptic curve with degree

d
0

d_0

j
j

-invariant is typically bounded in torsion.
A hyperbolic lattice in each dimension with Zariski-dense surface subgroups
Authors: Douba Sami
Published: October 2022

For each integer

n
≥
3

n \geq 3

, we exhibit a nonuniform arithmetic lattice in

S
O

(
n
,
1
)

\mathrm {SO}(n,1)

containing Zariski-dense surface subgroups.
Vector design for enhancing expression level and assembly of knob-into-hole based FabscFv-Fc bispecific antibodies in CHO cells
Authors: Ong Han Kee , Nguyen Ngan T B , Bi Jiawu , Yang Yuansheng
Published: October 2022

Background

Two-armed FabscFv-Fc is a favoured bispecific antibody (BsAb) format due to its advantages of the conventional IgG structure. Production of FabscFv-Fc requires expression of three polypeptide chains, one light chain (LC), one heavy chain (HC) and a scFv fused to the Fc (scFvFc) at optimal ratios.

Methods

We designed a set of internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-mediated multi-cistronic vectors tailoring to various expression ratios of the three polypeptides to study how the chain ratios affect the FabscFv-Fc production.

Results

Expression of HC and scFvFc chains at 1:1 ratio and excess LC gave the highest yield of correctly assembled product. Compared to the use of IRES and multiple promoters, using 2A peptides for co-expression of the three polypeptides gave the highest titre and correctly assembled product.

Conclusion

The results obtained in this work provide insights to the impacts of hetero-chain ratios on the BsAb production.
Shock Wave Therapy in Plastic Surgery: A Review of the Current Indications
Authors: Wigley Catrin H , Janssen Tim J , Mosahebi Afshin
Published: October 2022

Background

Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) represents a promising, non-invasive management strategy supporting the treatment of a variety of conditions related to plastic surgery.

Objectives

This literature review aimed to give a systematic overview of current applications, its mechanism of action, and its potential to provide tangible therapies in plastic surgery.

Methods

The databases PubMed (National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD), Embase (via Ovid [Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands]), and the Cochrane Library (Cochrane, London, UK) were searched for articles published up to June 1, 2021. Clinical studies of any design including ESWT in the context of plastic surgery were included. Two reviewers extracted data, and 46 articles were analyzed after application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results

Forty-six included studies (n = 1496) were categorized into the following broad themes: cellulite/body contouring/skin rejuvenation, burns/scar treatment, diabetic foot ulcers/chronic wound, and future perspectives of ESWT. Overall, applications of ESWT were heterogenous, and the majority of studies reported effectiveness of ESWT as an alternative treatment technique. Flawed methodology and differences in technical standards limit the outcome and conclusion of this review.

Conclusions

There is yet insufficient evidence to support the effectiveness of any specific intervention included in this review; however, all included studies reported improvements in key outcomes. Where reported, ESWT displayed a good safety profile with no serious adverse events. Further research is needed to provide more evidence to delineate the indications of ESWT in plastic surgery.
BJS-03 DO WE NEED FIXATION OF THE MESH IN LAPAROENDOSCOPIC TECHNIQUES FOR M3 INGUINAL DEFECTS? AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Authors: Zamkowski M , Tomaszewska A , Lubowiecka I , Karbowski K , Śmietański M
Published: October 2022

Background

Hernia societies strongly recommend fixing the mesh in case of large M3 defects in laparoendoscopic repairs. The purpose is to reduce recurrence, which is alarmingly high for this defect. The authors conducted a research experiment to verify the hypothesis that it is possible to preserve the mesh in the operating field in large direct hernias (M3) without the need to use fixing materials.

Method

Authors conducted an experiment with scientists from Universities of Technology in a model that reflects the conditions in the groin area. By simulating conditions of the highest possible intra-abdominal pressure, they examined the mesh behavior within the groin and its ability to dislocate under the forces generated by this pressure. The experiment involved six spatial implants and one flat macroporous mesh.

Results

Heavyweight spatial meshes and lightweight spatial individualized mesh showed no tendency to dislocate or move directly to the gate, which was considered a rapid hernia recurrence. Lightweight Meshes, both spatial and flat, underwent significant migration and shifting towards the hernial gates.

Conclusion

Based on the results, we believe that mesh fixation is not the only alternative to preventing recurrence in complex defects. Similar effects can be achieved by using a larger, more rigid and anatomically fitted implant. The type of implant (rather than its fixation) seems to be a key factor from the point of view of mechanics and biophysics. Clinical trials confirming the results in vivo, will allow to supplement or amend the guidelines for the treatment of large inguinal hernias.
DD-04 INVESTIGATING COLLAGEN IN INCISIONAL HERNIA MIDLINE SCARS USING RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: Kiss S , Chintapatla S , Kroger R
Published: October 2022

Aim

Connective tissue alterations may lead to incisional hernia (IH) formation in a subgroup of individuals. A decreased ratio of collagen types I and III was observed in several studies. White, hard and brittle hernia scars have also been reported suggesting possible mineral deposition. These processes could affect incisional scar integrity leading to IH formation. Using advanced spectroscopy, we aim to establish whether these alterations are present in IH scars.

Materials & Methods

Our pilot study has been granted IRAS approval and we began recruitment to investigate scar collagen in patients undergoing IH repair. We focus on the midline linea alba as the most critical layer in post-laparotomy healing and will use the participants’ fascia lata as a scar free control. Raman spectroscopy was selected to perform chemical and structural characterisation of our samples. Collagen types I, III and mineralised tissue have unique Raman spectra, which allow their identification and analysis.

Results

Preliminary spectral data from a porcine abdomen showed clear collagen bands in corresponding layers. We also showed mineral formation in reconstituted collagen fibres using this technique. In our pilot, Raman spectroscopy will be used to identify the bands associated with scar tissue collagen and determine differences in hernia versus hernia-free collagen.

Conclusions

Investigating hernia scars and the fascia lata will shed light on the local and systemic collagen changes in the scar tissue associated with IH. Raman spectroscopy provides a high-resolution insight into the composition of tissues and will identify any collagen changes in IH patients.