bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social context modulates multibrain broadband dynamics and functional brain-to-brain coupling in the group of mice
Authors: Lee Jeongyoon , Kwak Damhyeon , Lee Gwang Ung , Kim Chan Yeong , Kim Jihoon , Park Sang Hyun , Choi Jee Hyun , Lee Sung Q. , Choe Han Kyoung
Published: May 2024

Although mice are social, multiple animals’ neural activities are rarely explored. To characterise the neural activities during multi-brain interaction, we simultaneously recorded local field potentials (LFP) in the prefrontal cortex of four mice. The social context and locomotive states predominately modulated the entire LFP structure. The power of lower frequency bands—delta to alpha—were correlated with each other and anti-correlated with gamma power. The high-to-low-power ratio (HLR) provided a useful measure to understand LFP changes along the change of behavioural and locomotive states. The HLR during huddled conditions was lower than that during non-huddled conditions, dividing the social context into two. Multi-brain analyses of HLR indicated that the mice in the group displayed high cross-correlation. The mice in the group often showed unilateral precedence of HLR by Granger causality analysis, possibly comprising a hierarchical social structure. Overall, this study shows the importance of the social environment in brain dynamics and emphasises the simultaneous multi-brain recordings in social neuroscience.
DNA damage response in a 2D-culture model by diffusing alpha-emitters radiation therapy (Alpha-DaRT)
Authors: Nojima Hitomi , Kaida Atsushi , Matsuya Yusuke , Uo Motohiro , Yoshimura Ryo-ichi , Arazi Lior , Miura Masahiko
Published: May 2024

Diffusing alpha-emitters radiation therapy (Alpha-DaRT) is a unique method, in which interstitial sources carrying 224Ra release a chain of short-lived daughter atoms from their surface. Although DNA damage response (DDR) is crucial to inducing cell death after irradiation, how the DDR occurs during Alpha-DaRT treatment has not yet been explored. In this study, we temporo-spatially characterized DDR such as kinetics of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and cell cycle, in two-dimensional (2D) culture conditions qualitatively mimicking Alpha-DaRT treatments, by employing HeLa cells expressing the Fucci cell cycle-visualizing system. The distribution of the alpha-particle pits detected by a plastic nuclear track detector, CR-39, strongly correlated with γH2AX staining, a marker of DSBs, around the 224Ra source, but the area of G2 arrested cells was more widely spread 24 h from the start of the exposure. Thereafter, close time-lapse observation revealed varying cell cycle kinetics, depending on the distance from the source. A medium containing daughter nuclides prepared from 224Ra sources allowed us to estimate the radiation dose after 24 h of exposure, and determine surviving fractions. The present experimental model revealed for the first time temporo-spatial information of DDR occurring around the source in its early stages.
Social network analysis of a decade-long collaborative innovation network between hospitals and the biomedical industry in China
Authors: Liu Xiang , Chen Hong , Liu Yue , Zou Jie , Tian Jiahe , Tsomo Tenzin , Li Meina , Yu Wenya
Published: May 2024

Collaborative innovation between hospitals and biomedical enterprises is crucial for ensuring breakthroughs in their development. This study explores the structural characteristics and examines the main roles of associated key actors of collaborative innovation between hospitals and biomedical enterprises in China. Using the jointly owned patent data within the country’s healthcare industry, a decade-long collaborative innovation network between hospitals and biomedical enterprises in China was established and analyzed through social network analysis. The results revealed that the overall levels of collaborative innovation network density, collaborative frequency, and network connectivity were significantly low, especially in less-developed regions. In terms of actors with higher degree centrality, hospitals accounted for the majority, whereas a biomedical enterprise in Shenzhen had the highest degree centrality. Organizations in underdeveloped and northwest regions and small players were more likely to implement collaborative innovation. In conclusion, a collaborative innovation network between hospitals and biomedical enterprises in China demonstrated high dispersion and poor development levels. Stimulating organizations’ initiatives for collaborative innovation may enhance quality and quantity of such innovation. Policy support and economic investments, strategic collaborative help, and resource and partnership optimization, especially for small players and in less-developed and northwest regions, should be encouraged to enhance collaborative innovation between hospitals and the biomedical industry in China and other similar countries or regions.
A meshless computational framework for studying cold spray additive manufacturing including large numbers of powder particles with diverse characteristics
Authors: Zhang Z. L. , Afrasiabi M. , Bambach M.
Published: May 2024

Cold spray (CS) has emerged as an appealing additive manufacturing (AM) technique for producing or repairing individual components or entire structures. Compared to fusion-based AM technologies, cold spray additive manufacturing (CSAM) offers distinct advantages in the fabrication of components, while avoiding some melting/solidification-related issues such as phase transformation and oxidation. It involves intricate processes that pose significant challenges for numerical modeling, particularly when simulating the entire process at a large scale. The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is highly suitable for handling large material deformations due to its Lagrangian and meshless nature. In this work, we develop an enhanced SPH method to conduct large-scale simulations of CSAM with different powder sizes, morphologies, and distributions. A modified material model has been incorporated to accurately capture the strain-rate hardening effects during the plastic stage. The computational scale is greatly improved by using a Message Passing Interface (MPI) based framework, enabling the simulation of approximately ten million SPH particles. To the authors’ knowledge, this study marks the first attempt to numerically reproduce the entire process of CSAM with real powder sizes and distributions. Experimental data measured for a wide range of powder velocities are used to validate the simulation results and assess the prediction accuracy. Subsequently, we comparatively study the bonding mechanisms of powders with the same or different sizes, while also identifying a four-stage coating process. The effects of powder morphology on the bonding process are thoroughly investigated. A large-scale CSAM process is finally reproduced to demonstrate the capability of the present meshless scheme, and mechanisms of pore formation are analyzed, providing valuable insights for practical engineering applications.
Acclimation to higher temperature and antioxidant supplemented diets improved rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) resilience to heatwaves
Authors: Hosseinpour Fatemeh , Vazirzadeh Arya , Farhadi Ahmad , Sajjadi Seyed Hossein
Published: May 2024

Coldwater species are challenged with increasing water temperatures and fluctuations over their upper thermal limits. This study evaluated the potential of acclimation to higher temperature and dietary antioxidants capacity to mitigate the adverse effects of heat shocks in rainbow trout. To this end, rainbow trout fingerlings were acclimated at optimal (14 °C) and high (20 °C) temperatures and fed on selenium (5 mg/kg) and polyphenol (2 g/kg) supplemented diets for 60 days and then were exposed to heat shocks by increasing water temperature up to 30 °C. Growth performance, survival rate, haemato-immunological parameters, and expression of HSP70α, HSP70β, HSP90β, and IL-1β genes were measured to evaluate the hypothesises. The rainbow trout acclimated to 20 °C and fed on antioxidants supplemented diets showed a significantly higher aftershock survival rate. Moreover, fish acclimated to higher temperature showed higher red blood cell counts as well as serum total protein and albumin during the acclimation trial and heat shocks phase. Acclimation to higher temperature and feeding on antioxidants remarkably enhanced fish immune and antioxidant capacity in comparison to fish adapted to cold water and fed on the basal diet measured by improved respiratory burst and lysozyme activities and upregulation of IL-1β expression during exposure of fish to heat shocks. Furthermore, fish acclimated to higher temperature, especially those fed on antioxidant supplemented diets, showed lower expression levels of HSPs genes during the heat shock phase, indicating that high heat shocks were less stressful for these fish in comparison to cold water acclimated fish. This finding was also supported by lower cortisol levels during heat shocks in fish acclimated to higher temperature. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that acclimation to higher temperature and/or fed on diets supplemented by selenium and polyphenol, can help to mitigate the adverse effects of the heat shock in rainbow trout.
Test–retest reliability of putting-related variables in medium-to-high handicap golf players
Authors: García-Massó Xavier , Villarrasa-Sapiña Israel , Ortega-Benavent Nuria , Montalt-García Sergio , Toca-Herrera José L.
Published: May 2024

This manuscript aims to study the reliability of different variables related to performance and acceleration during the golf putt in players with medium-to-high handicaps and to determine the number of attempts necessary to find reliable values for these variables. Eight males and two females [55.67 (13.64) years, 78.4 (11.4) kg, 1.75 (7.95) m] participated in two experimental sessions separated by one week. In these sessions, they performed three blocks of 10 putts trying to stop the golf ball at the center of a dartboard painted 2 m away. The performance was assessed depending on the area of the dartboard where the ball stopped, and the acceleration signals were acquired using the Xsens Dot. The results showed that to evaluate performance, 18 trials were necessary to reach reliable values using the 0–10 scoring system, and 28 trials were necessary for the 0–3 scoring system. Regarding the reliability of the accelerometer-related variables, 7 attempts were necessary to obtain good-to-excellent reliability values for most of the variables. It could be concluded that putting in medium-to-high handicap golf players can be reliably measured using the abovementioned protocol.
Entanglement in photo-ionization process
Authors: Ivanov I. A. , Kim Kyung Taec
Published: May 2024

We report a study of the entanglement between the quantized photon field and an atom arising in the photo-ionization process. Our approach is based on an ab initio solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) describing the quantum evolution of a bipartite system consisting of the atom and the quantized electromagnetic field. Using the solution of the TDSE, we calculate the reduced photon density matrix, which we subsequently use to compute entanglement entropy. We explain some properties of the entanglement entropy and propose an approximate formula for the entanglement entropy based on the analysis of the density matrix and its eigenvalues. We present the results of a comparative study of the entanglement in the photo-ionization process for various ionization regimes, including the tunneling and the multiphoton ionization regimes.
Adverse event signal mining and serious adverse event influencing factor analysis of fulvestrant based on FAERS database
Authors: Yin Guisen , Song Guiling , Xue Shuyi , Liu Fen
Published: May 2024

Fulvestrant, as the first selective estrogen receptor degrader, is widely used in the endocrine treatment of breast cancer. However, in the real world, there is a lack of relevant reports on adverse reaction data mining for fulvestrant. To perform data mining on adverse events (AEs) associated with fulvestrant and explore the risk factors contributing to severe AEs, providing a reference for the rational use of fulvestrant in clinical practice. Retrieved adverse event report information associated with fulvestrant from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, covering the period from market introduction to September 30, 2023. Suspicious AEs were screened using the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and proportional reporting ratio methods based on disproportionality analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted on severe AEs to explore the risk factors associated with fulvestrant-induced severe AEs. A total of 6947 reports related to AEs associated with fulvestrant were obtained, including 5924 reports of severe AEs and 1023 reports of non-severe AEs. Using the disproportionality analysis method, a total of 210 valid AEs were identified for fulvestrant, with 45 AEs (21.43%) not listed in the product labeling, involving 11 systems and organs. The AEs associated with fulvestrant were sorted by frequency of occurrence, with neutropenia (325 cases) having the highest number of reports. By signal strength, injection site pruritus showed the strongest signal (ROR = 658.43). The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that concurrent use of medications with extremely high protein binding (≥ 98%) is an independent risk factor for severe AEs associated with fulvestrant. Age served as a protective factor for fulvestrant-related AEs. The co-administration of fulvestrant with CYP3A4 enzyme inhibitors did not show statistically significant correlation with the occurrence of severe AEs. Co-administration of drugs with extremely high protein binding (≥ 98%) may increase the risk of severe adverse reactions of fulvestrant. Meanwhile, age (60–74 years) may reduce the risk of severe AEs of fulvestrant. However, further clinical research is still needed to explore and verify whether there is interaction between fulvestrant and drugs with high protein binding through more clinical studies.
A compact tri-notched flexible UWB antenna based on an inkjet-printable and plasma-activated silver nano ink
Authors: Yang Wendong , Zhao Xun , Guo Zihao , Sun Haoqiang , List-Kratochvil Emil J. W.
Published: May 2024

The rapid development of ultrawideband (UWB) communication systems has resulted in increasing performance requirements for the antenna system. In addition to a wide bandwidth, fast propagation rates and compact dimensions, flexibility, wearability or portability are also desirable for UWB antennas, as are excellent notch characteristics. Although progress has been made in the development of flexible/wearable antennas desired notch properties are still rather limited. Moreover, most presently available flexible UWB antennas are fabricated using environmentally not attractive subtractive etching-based processes. The usage of facile additive sustainably inkjet printing processes also utilizing low temperature plasma-activated conductive inks is rarely reported. In addition, the currently used tri-notched flexible UWB antenna designs have a relatively large footprint, which poses difficulties when integrated into miniaturized and compact communication devices. In this work, a silver nano ink is used to fabricate the antenna via inkjet printing and an efficient plasma sintering procedure. For the targeted UWB applications miniaturized tri-notched flexible antenna is realized on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate with a compact size of 17.6 mm × 16 mm × 0.12 mm. The antenna operates in the UWB frequency band (2.9–10.61 GHz), and can shield interferences from WiMAX (3.3–3.6 GHz), WLAN (5.150–5.825 GHz) and X-uplink (7.9–8.4 GHz) bands, as well as exhibits a certain of bendability. Three nested "C" slots of different sizes were adopted to achieve notch features. The simulation and test results demonstrate that the proposed antenna can generate signal radiation in the desired UWB frequency band while retaining the desired notch properties and having acceptable SAR values on-body, making it a viable candidate for usage in flexible or wearable communication transmission devices. The research provides a facile and highly efficient method for fabricating flexible/wearable UWB antennas, that is, the effective combination of inkjet printing processing, flexible substrates, low temperature-activated conductive ink and antenna structure design.
Elucidating the underlying components of metacognitive systematic bias in the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and inferior parietal cortex
Authors: Cong Peiyao , Long Yiting , Zhang Xiaojing , Guo Yanlin , Jiang Yingjie
Published: May 2024

Metacognitive systematic bias impairs human learning efficiency, which is characterized by the inconsistency between predicted and actual memory performance. However, the underlying mechanism of metacognitive systematic bias remains unclear in existing studies. In this study, we utilized judgments of learning task in human participants to compare the neural mechanism difference in metacognitive systematic bias. Participants encoded words in fMRI sessions that would be tested later. Immediately after encoding each item, participants predicted how likely they would remember it. Multivariate analyses on fMRI data demonstrated that working memory and uncertainty decisions are represented in patterns of neural activity in metacognitive systematic bias. The available information participants used led to overestimated bias and underestimated bias. Effective connectivity analyses further indicate that information about the metacognitive systematic bias is represented in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and inferior parietal cortex. Different neural patterns were found underlying overestimated bias and underestimated bias. Specifically, connectivity regions with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and supramarginal gyrus form overestimated bias, while less regional connectivity forms underestimated bias. These findings provide a mechanistic account for the construction of metacognitive systematic bias.
Subclinical structural atypicality of retinal thickness and its association with gray matter volume in the visual cortex of maltreated children
Authors: Yao Akiko , Nishitani Shota , Yamada Yutaka , Oshima Hideyuki , Sugihara Yuka , Makita Kai , Takiguchi Shinichiro , Kawata Natasha Y. S. , Fujisawa Takashi X. , Okazawa Hidehiko , Inatani Masaru , Tomoda Akemi
Published: May 2024

Childhood maltreatment is reportedly associated with atypical gray matter structures in the primary visual cortex (V1). This study explores the hypothesis that retinal structures, the sensory organs of vision, are associated with brain atypicality and child maltreatment and examines their interrelation. General ophthalmologic examinations, visual cognitive tasks, retinal imaging, and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were conducted in children and adolescents aged 9–18 years with maltreatment experiences (CM) and typically developing (TD) children. The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), the most superficial of the ten distinct retinal layers, was found to be significantly thinner in both eyes in CM. While whole-brain analysis using Voxel-based morphometry revealed a significantly larger gray matter volume (GMV) in the thalamus in CM, no significant correlation with RNFL thickness was observed. However, based on region-of-interest analysis, a thinner RNFL was associated with a larger GMV in the right V1. Although it cannot be ruled out that this outcome resulted from maltreatment alone, CM demonstrated subclinical structural atypicality in the retina, which may also correlate with the immaturity of V1 development. Examination of retinal thickness offers a novel clinical approach to capturing characteristics associated with childhood maltreatment.
Ballistic analysis of high-performance armor steel by numerical simulation
Authors: Li Deda , Huang Feng , Ren Binzhi , Zhang Wei , Xiong Junjie , Zhou Binjun , Guo Xun
Published: May 2024

In order to establish a connection between the ballistic performance and mechanical properties of armor steel, a ballistic simulation model was developed and subsequently validated for accuracy and reliability. The mechanical properties of the target plate were described using the Johnson–Cook constitutive relation. An analysis was conducted to investigate the impact of the J–C parameters of the target plate on its ballistic performance, revealing a strong linear relationship between them. Subsequently, a mathematical model represented as H = 14.82 − 0.0048A − 0.0023B + 5.95n − 81.3C was derived, and its accuracy was demonstrated to exceed 90%. This mathematical model can effectively predict the ballistic performance of the armor steel, even when its mechanical properties undergo variations during the production process. This prediction capability significantly contributes to reducing research costs and time.
Effect of cytokines on advanced hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis receiving radiotherapy and tislelizumab plus anlotinib: a single-center phase II clinical trial
Authors: Lin Yi Dong , Wu Gui Shu , Rao Ming Yue , Liu Yu Hong , Han Yun Wei , Zhang Jing , Zhang Jian Wen
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between circulating cytokines and liver function and prognosis of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with radiotherapy combined with tislelizumab and anlotinib. The liver function indexes and pre-treatment levels of cytokines in 47 patients were measured by chemical method and flow cytometry. The median follow-up was 23.1 months. The objective response and the disease control rates were 46.8% and 68.1%, while overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 12.6 and 11.4 months, respectively. Adverse events (2.1%) were grade 3–4. In addition to stage, intrahepatic metastasis and Child–Pugh score, pre-treatment interleukin-6 (IL-6) was the main cytokine affecting OS and PFS (p < 0.05). The OS (14.63 pg/mL as cutoff value) and PFS (9.85 pg/mL as cutoff value) of patients with low IL-6 levels exceeded those with high levels (21.0 and 6.9, 15.8 and 10.0 months, respectively). The risks of death and disease progression were reduced by 63.0% (HR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.19–0.72) and 43.0% (HR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.22–1.47), respectively. Pre-treatment IL-6 levels may be a simple and effective prognostic indicator for patients with advanced HCC treated with radiotherapy combined with immunotargeted therapy.
Redirecting NK cells to the lymph nodes to augment their lymphoma-targeting capacity
Authors: Sanz-Ortega Laura , Leijonhufvud Caroline , Schoutens Lisanne , Lambert Mélanie , Levy Emily , Andersson Agneta , Wahlin Björn E. , Carlsten Mattias
Published: May 2024

CAR-NK cells can induce remission in lymphoma patients. We speculate that the full potential of adoptive NK cell immunotherapy against lymphoma is restricted by their poor lymph node (LN) homing capacity. Here, we have utilized a clinically approved transfection method with the aim of redirecting NK cells to LNs. Electroporation of ex vivo expanded NK cells with mRNAs coding for CCR7, CXCR5, and CD62L resulted in increased in vitro migration towards chemokines and mouse LN-derived supernatant. Following infusion into SCID/Beige mice, modified NK cells showed enhanced LN homing. Importantly, lymphoma patient-derived NK cells were equally well expanded and engineered as healthy donor NK cells, highlighting their translational potential. Additionally, the introduction of high-affinity CD16, together with the homing molecules, also augmented their ADCC capacity against autologous lymphoma cells. Hence, genetic engineering can be utilized to enhance NK cell LN homing. The homing concept may synergize with CAR- or monoclonal/bi-/tri-specific antibody-based approaches.
Development and validation of machine learning algorithms based on electrocardiograms for cardiovascular diagnoses at the population level
Authors: Kalmady Sunil Vasu , Salimi Amir , Sun Weijie , Sepehrvand Nariman , Nademi Yousef , Bainey Kevin , Ezekowitz Justin , Hindle Abram , McAlister Finlay , Greiner Russel , Sandhu Roopinder , Kaul Padma
Published: May 2024

Artificial intelligence-enabled electrocardiogram (ECG) algorithms are gaining prominence for the early detection of cardiovascular (CV) conditions, including those not traditionally associated with conventional ECG measures or expert interpretation. This study develops and validates such models for simultaneous prediction of 15 different common CV diagnoses at the population level. We conducted a retrospective study that included 1,605,268 ECGs of 244,077 adult patients presenting to 84 emergency departments or hospitals, who underwent at least one 12-lead ECG from February 2007 to April 2020 in Alberta, Canada, and considered 15 CV diagnoses, as identified by International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) codes: atrial fibrillation (AF), supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), ventricular tachycardia (VT), cardiac arrest (CA), atrioventricular block (AVB), unstable angina (UA), ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-STEMI (NSTEMI), pulmonary embolism (PE), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), aortic stenosis (AS), mitral valve prolapse (MVP), mitral valve stenosis (MS), pulmonary hypertension (PHTN), and heart failure (HF). We employed ResNet-based deep learning (DL) using ECG tracings and extreme gradient boosting (XGB) using ECG measurements. When evaluated on the first ECGs per episode of 97,631 holdout patients, the DL models had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of <80% for 3 CV conditions (PTE, SVT, UA), 80–90% for 8 CV conditions (CA, NSTEMI, VT, MVP, PHTN, AS, AF, HF) and an AUROC > 90% for 4 diagnoses (AVB, HCM, MS, STEMI). DL models outperformed XGB models with about 5% higher AUROC on average. Overall, ECG-based prediction models demonstrated good-to-excellent prediction performance in diagnosing common CV conditions.
Asymmetric vibrations in the organ of Corti by outer hair cells measured from excised gerbil cochlea
Authors: Lin Wei-Ching , Macić Anes , Becker Jonathan , Nam Jong-Hoon
Published: May 2024

Pending questions regarding cochlear amplification and tuning are hinged upon the organ of Corti (OoC) active mechanics: how outer hair cells modulate OoC vibrations. Our knowledge regarding OoC mechanics has advanced over the past decade thanks to the application of tomographic vibrometry. However, recent data from live cochlea experiments often led to diverging interpretations due to complicated interaction between passive and active responses, lack of image resolution in vibrometry, and ambiguous measurement angles. We present motion measurements and analyses of the OoC sub-components at the close-to-true cross-section, measured from acutely excised gerbil cochleae. Specifically, we focused on the vibrating patterns of the reticular lamina, the outer pillar cell, and the basilar membrane because they form a structural frame encasing active outer hair cells. For passive transmission, the OoC frame serves as a rigid truss. In contrast, motile outer hair cells exploit their frame structures to deflect the upper compartment of the OoC while minimally disturbing its bottom side (basilar membrane). Such asymmetric OoC vibrations due to outer hair cell motility explain how recent observations deviate from the classical cochlear amplification theory.
GDE5/Gpcpd1 activity determines phosphatidylcholine composition in skeletal muscle and regulates contractile force in mice
Authors: Aisyah Rahmawati , Ohshima Noriyasu , Watanabe Daiki , Nakagawa Yoshiko , Sakuma Tetsushi , Nitschke Felix , Nakamura Minako , Sato Koji , Nakahata Kaori , Yokoyama Chihiro , Marchioni Charlotte R. , Kumrungsee Thanutchaporn , Shimizu Takahiko , Sotomaru Yusuke , Takeo Toru , Nakagata Naomi , Izumi Takashi , Miura Shinji , Minassian Berge A. , Yamamoto Takashi , Wada Masanobu , Yanaka Noriyuki
Published: May 2024

Glycerophosphocholine (GPC) is an important precursor for intracellular choline supply in phosphatidylcholine (PC) metabolism. GDE5/Gpcpd1 hydrolyzes GPC into choline and glycerol 3-phosphate; this study aimed to elucidate its physiological function in vivo. Heterozygous whole-body GDE5-deficient mice reveal a significant GPC accumulation across tissues, while homozygous whole-body knockout results in embryonic lethality. Skeletal muscle-specific GDE5 deletion (Gde5 skKO) exhibits reduced passive force and improved fatigue resistance in electrically stimulated gastrocnemius muscles in vivo. GDE5 deficiency also results in higher glycolytic metabolites and glycogen levels, and glycerophospholipids alteration, including reduced levels of phospholipids that bind polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as DHA. Interestingly, this PC fatty acid compositional change is similar to that observed in skeletal muscles of denervated and Duchenne muscular dystrophy mouse models. These are accompanied by decrease of GDE5 expression, suggesting a regulatory role of GDE5 activity for glycerophospholipid profiles. Furthermore, a DHA-rich diet enhances contractile force and lowers fatigue resistance, suggesting a functional relationship between PC fatty acid composition and muscle function. Finally, skinned fiber experiments show that GDE5 loss increases the probability of the ryanodine receptor opening and lowers the maximum Ca2+-activated force. Collectively, GDE5 activity plays roles in PC and glucose/glycogen metabolism in skeletal muscle.
Anthropogenic and atmospheric variability intensifies flash drought episodes in South Asia
Authors: Ullah Irfan , Mukherjee Sourav , Syed Sidra , Mishra Ashok Kumar , Ayugi Brian Odhiambo , Aadhar Saran
Published: May 2024

Flash droughts are abrupt and rapid intensification of droughts that affect agriculture, water, and ecosystems and are commonplace in South Asia. Despite their potential impact, flash drought evolution characteristics and underlying mechanisms in South Asia remain underexplored. We use a multivariate approach to analyze the onset speed, frequency, severity, duration, and return period of flash droughts, and the role of atmospheric circulation and human-induced climate change. We find that flash droughts are more common and intense in the crop season, especially in central India, western Pakistan, and eastern Afghanistan. They are caused by persistent atmospheric patterns that block moisture transport to South Asia. Additionally, anthropogenic climate change has intensified flash droughts in the spring-summer season, with a median fraction of attributable risk of 60%, 80%, and 90% for Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India, respectively. Our results suggest that flash droughts will expand and worsen in the future, requiring adaptation measures for the water, agriculture, and energy sectors.
Design of SrTiO3-based catalysts for photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Boga Bíborka , Moustakas Nikolaos G. , Han Yunyan , Jiao Haijun , Kreyenschulte Carsten , Naliwajko Pawel , Duong Thi Thanh Hoa , Ding Shuoping , Ngo Anh Binh , Hezam Abdo , Peppel Tim , Cristea Vasile-Mircea , Steinfeldt Norbert , Strunk Jennifer
Published: May 2024

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction was studied over SrTiO3-based catalysts in a high-purity gas-phase photoreactor. Depending on the catalyst composition different main products were obtained.
Demonstration of a low power and high-speed graphene/silicon heterojunction near-infrared photodetector
Authors: Kwon Min Gyu , Kim Cihyun , Kim Seung-Mo , Yoo Tae Jin , Lee Yongsu , Hwang Hyeon Jun , Lee Sanghan , Lee Byoung Hun
Published: May 2024

By introducing a Si well isolated structure into the graphene/Si heterojunction near-infrared photodetector, an operation speed more than 100 times faster was achieved.
Highly efficient aramid fiber supported polypropylene membranes modified with reduced graphene oxide based metallic nanocomposites: antimicrobial and antiviral capabilities
Authors: Mustafa Kiran , Iqbal Nadeem , Ahmad Sajjad , Iqbal Sadia , Rezakazemi Mashallah , Verpoort Francis , Kanwal Javaria , Musaddiq Sara
Published: May 2024

Polypropylene hybrid membranes reinforced with aramid fiber modified with metallic nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide showed potent antimicrobial and antiviral capabilities. These membranes hold promise for advancing water treatment practices.
A novel nerol-segmented waterborne polyurethane coating for the prevention of dental erosion
Authors: Huang Peipei , Nie Qiongfang , Tang Yu , Chen Shunshun , He Kaiyuan , Cao Mingguo , Wang Zefeng
Published: May 2024

Dental erosion is a common problem in dentistry, and it refers to the chronic pathological loss of dental hard tissues due to nonbacterially produced acids, primarily caused by the exposure of teeth to exogenous acids.
In the pursuit of novel therapeutic agents: synthesis, anticancer evaluation, and physicochemical insights of novel pyrimidine-based 2-aminobenzothiazole derivatives
Authors: Ismail Toka I. , El-Khazragy Nashwa , Azzam Rasha A.
Published: May 2024

2-Aminobenzothiazole derivatives, have attracted interest for their versatility in generating novel anticancer agents. This study explores the synthesis, and anticancer evaluation of new pyrimidine-based 2-aminobenzothiazole derivatives.
Evaluation of multi-target iridium(iii)-based metallodrugs in combating antimicrobial resistance and infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Lin Shijie , Chen Yushou , Sun Yajuan , Yu Guangying , Liao Xiangwen , Yang Qiang
Published: May 2024

Ir3 can kill S. aureus by disrupting the integrity of the bacterial membrane and inducing ROS production. Both G. mellonella wax worms and mouse infection model demonstrated that Ir3 has low toxicity and robust anti-infective efficacy in vivo.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of ZnO structures for effective degradation of methylene blue dye under solar light illumination
Authors: Rustembekkyzy Kuralay , Sabyr Madi , Kanafin Yerkanat N. , Khamkhash Laura , Atabaev Timur Sh.
Published: May 2024

A one-step microwave synthesis process was employed to generate highly effective ZnO photocatalysts for solar light-induced quick dye degradation.
Enhanced solar to hydrogen conversion via Ni addition to a few layered 2D/2D g-C3N4/ZnIn2S4 heterojunction
Authors: Bhavani Palagiri , Ashwin Kishore M. R. , Praveen Kumar D. , Yoo Jong Suk , Park Young-Kwon
Published: May 2024

A Ni–FCN/ZIS nanocomposite showed remarkable photocatalytic hydrogen production, outperforming pristine ZIS and FCN. The synergistic effect of FCN-ZIS electronic coupling and Ni ions enhances charge separation and facilitates hydrogen production.
Auto-oxidation of redox electrodes for the selective recovery of platinum group metals
Authors: Chung Ching-Hsiu , Cotty Stephen , Jeon Jemin , Elbert Johannes , Su Xiao
Published: May 2024

Redox-electrodes are designed to selectively bind platinum group metals by auto-oxidation, and release them electrochemically. The platform can efficiently recover PGMs from catalytic converter leachates, and contribute to energy-efficient technologies for materials recycling.
Assembling a dense grid structure with green polyhydroxyurethane and a high-capacity Si-based anode for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Kwon Jin Yong , Lyu Jihong , Kim Eunhui , Park Hyungmin , Jeong Ji-Eun , Kim Jin Chul , Ryu Jaegeon
Published: May 2024

Interweaving a non-isocyanate polyhydroxyurethane synthesized through an eco-friendly route and polyacrylic acid results in a grid structure network that stabilizes high-capacity anodes.
Activation of the PPARγ/NF-κB pathway by A-MPDA@Fe3O4@PVP via scavenging reactive oxygen species to alleviate hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Mo Dong , Cui Wei , Chen Linxin , Meng Juanjuan , Sun Yuting , Cai Kaiyong , Zhang Jixi , Zhang Jianrong , Wang Kui , Luo Xiaohe
Published: May 2024

A-MPDA@Fe3O4@PVP can rapidly remove toxic ROS, regulate immune cells and activate the PPARγ/NF-κB pathway to treat hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Few-layer α-Sb2O3 molecular crystals as high-k van der Waals dielectrics: electronic decoupling and significant surface ionic behaviors
Authors: Liu Jia-Bin , Zhang Fu-Sheng , Wang Shu-Hui , Liu Kai-Lang , Xiao Rui-Chun , Jin Chen-Dong , Zhang Hu , Lian Ru-Qian , Wang Rui-Ning , Gong Peng-Lai , Shi Xing-Qiang , Wang Jiang-Long
Published: May 2024

Schematic diagram of the molecular crystal structure of few-layer α-Sb2O3 and its two crucial physical properties.
Metal ion-dependent structural phase transition and impact of the Jahn–Teller effect in two organic–inorganic hybrid compounds
Authors: Yin Shi-Qing , Tong Yu-Qiao , Gu Qian-Jun , Li Ya-Juan , Huang Bo , Zhu Ai-Xin
Published: May 2024

Two new compounds, (H2dabco)[M(H2O)6][SiF6]2 (dabco = 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane, M = Mn2+ & Cu2+), exhibit metal ion-dependent structural phase transitions, large dielectric response, SHG (M = Mn2+) and ferroelasticity (M = Cu2+).
A secured cloud‐medical data sharing with A‐BRSA and Salp ‐Ant Lion Optimisation Algorithm
Authors: Binbusayyis Adel , Alanazi Abed , Alsubai Shtwai , Alasiry Areej , Marzougui Mehrez , Alqahtani Abdullah , Sha Mohemmed , Aslam Muhammad
Published: May 2024

Sharing medical data among healthcare providers, researchers, and patients is crucial for efficient healthcare services. Cloud‐assisted smart healthcare (s‐healthcare) systems have made it easier to store EHRs effectively. However, the traditional encryption algorithms used to secure this data can be vulnerable to attacks if the encryption key is compromised, posing a security threat. A secured cloud‐based medical data‐sharing system is proposed using a hybrid encryption model called A‐BRSA, which combines attribute‐based encryption (ABE) and B‐RSA encryption. The system utilises the Salp‐Ant Lion Optimisation Algorithm for optimal key selection. The encrypted data is stored in the cloud and transmitted to the recipient, where it is decrypted using A‐BRSA‐based decryption. The study measures turnaround time, encryption time, decryption time, and restoration efficiency to evaluate the system's performance. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the A‐BRSA model in ensuring secure medical data sharing in cloud‐based s‐healthcare systems.
On the uncertain intensity estimate of the 1859 Carrington storm
Authors: Love Jeffrey J. , Rigler E. Joshua , Hayakawa Hisashi , Mursula Kalevi
Published: May 2024

A study is made of the intensity of the Carrington magnetic storm of September 1859 as inferred from visual measurements of horizontal-component geomagnetic disturbance made at the Colaba observatory in India. Using data from modern observatories, a lognormal statistical model of storm intensity is developed, to characterize the maximum-negative value of the storm-time disturbance index (maximum –Dst) versus geomagnetic disturbance recorded at low-latitude observatories during magnetic storms. With this model and a recently published presentation of the Colaba data, the most likely maximum –Dst of the Carrington storm and its credibility interval are estimated. A related model is used to examine individual Colaba disturbance values reported for the Carrington storm. Results indicate that only about one in a million storms with maximum –Dst like the Carrington storm would result in local disturbance greater than that reported from Colaba. This indicates that either the Colaba data were affected by magnetospheric-ionospheric current systems in addition to the ring current, or there might be something wrong with the Colaba data. If the most extreme Colaba disturbance value is included in the analysis, then, of all hypothetical storms generating the hourly average disturbance recorded at Colaba during the Carrington storm, the median maximum –Dst = 964 nT, with a 68% credibility interval of [855,1087] nT. If the most extreme Colaba disturbance value is excluded from the analysis, then the median maximum –Dst = 866 nT, with a 68% credibility interval of [768,977] nT. The widths of these intervals indicate that estimates of the occurrence frequency of Carrington-class storms are very uncertain, as are related estimates of risk for modern technological systems.
Necrotizing Enterocolitis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury—Transforming the Paradigm
Authors: Garg Padma P. , Shenberger Jeffrey , South Andrew M. , Garg Parvesh M.
Published: May 2024

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most common conditions requiring emergency surgery in the neonatal intensive care unit and is associated with a septic shock-like state contributing to multiorgan dysfunction. NEC affects 6 to 10% of very low-birth-weight infants and remains a leading cause of death. The occurrence of severe acute kidney injury (AKI) following surgical NEC is a harbinger of multiple morbidities. This review presents current evidence about the clinical impact of NEC-associated AKI on the clinical outcomes. Studies evaluating nephroprotective strategies to prevent AKI and its consequences are greatly needed to improve the postoperative recovery and clinical outcomes in neonates with NEC. Future observational studies and clinical trials in preterm infants with NEC prioritize measuring short-term (AKI) and longer term (chronic kidney disease) kidney outcomes.

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Impact
Emotions unveiled: detecting COVID-19 fake news on social media
Authors: Farhoudinia Bahareh , Ozturkcan Selcen , Kasap Nihat
Published: May 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the pernicious effects of fake news, underscoring the critical need for researchers and practitioners to detect and mitigate its spread. In this paper, we examined the importance of detecting fake news and incorporated sentiment and emotional features to detect this type of news. Specifically, we compared the sentiments and emotions associated with fake and real news using a COVID-19 Twitter dataset with labeled categories. By utilizing different sentiment and emotion lexicons, we extracted sentiments categorized as positive, negative, and neutral and eight basic emotions, anticipation, anger, joy, sadness, surprise, fear, trust, and disgust. Our analysis revealed that fake news tends to elicit more negative emotions than real news. Therefore, we propose that negative emotions could serve as vital features in developing fake news detection models. To test this hypothesis, we compared the performance metrics of three machine learning models: random forest, support vector machine (SVM), and Naïve Bayes. We evaluated the models’ effectiveness with and without emotional features. Our results demonstrated that integrating emotional features into these models substantially improved the detection performance, resulting in a more robust and reliable ability to detect fake news on social media. In this paper, we propose the use of novel features and methods that enhance the field of fake news detection. Our findings underscore the crucial role of emotions in detecting fake news and provide valuable insights into how machine-learning models can be trained to recognize these features.
The experiences of healthcare providers who refer to a campus-based pharmacy clinic: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Wheeler Tara F. , Leitch Sharon , Marra Carlo A.
Published: May 2024

Introduction The University of Otago School of Pharmacy Clinic (the Clinic) is a campus-based non-dispensing clinic that offers consultation-based medicines optimisation services to patients. Aim This project aims to understand the experiences and opinions of healthcare providers who have referred patients to the School of Pharmacy Clinic, specifically: their motivation for referring patients; how the Clinic impacts providers, patients and the wider health system; provider satisfaction; and opportunities for further collaboration. Methods Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from 15 participants who represented five health professions. An inductive reflexive thematic analysis approach was used to analyse the dataset from which codes and themes were developed. Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) was used to structure the interview guide and as a framework to present themes. Results Seven themes were developed; ‘Perceptions of Pharmacists’ (Coherence), ‘Motivators for Engagement’ and ‘Barriers to Engagement’ (Cognitive Participation), ‘Utility of Pharmacist Feedback’ and ‘Opportunities’ (Collective Action) and ‘Referrers’ Experiences’ and ‘Patient-centred Care’ (Reflexive Action). Discussion Healthcare providers described predominantly positive experiences. Medically complex cases and patients requiring medicines education were most likely to be referred for consultation. Engaging with the Clinic presented valuable opportunities for interprofessional collaborative practice and continuing professional education. Referrers would like more regular contact with Clinic pharmacists to encourage interprofessional collaborative relationships. Patients were thought to benefit from their pharmacist’s clinical expertise, time, patient-centred approach and subsequent medication and health optimisation. Integration of Clinic pharmacists into specialist outpatient clinics at Dunedin Hospital may broaden the scope and improve efficiency of their services.
A cell bank paradigm for preclinical evaluation of an analogous cellular product for an allogeneic cell therapy
Authors: Nordberg Rachel C , Donahue Ryan P , Espinosa M Gabriela , Salinas Evelia Y , Hu Jerry C , Athanasiou Kyriacos A
Published: May 2024

Toward the translation of allogeneic cell therapy products, cell banks are needed not only to manufacture the final human product but also during the preclinical evaluation of an animal-based analogous cellular product (ACP). These cell banks need to be established at both the master cell bank (MCB) level and the working cell bank (WCB) level. Inasmuch as most of the development of cell therapy products is at academic centers, it is imperative that academic researchers understand how to establish MCBs and WCBs within an academic environment. To illustrate this process, using articular cartilage as the model, a cell bank for an ACP was developed (MCBs at passage 2, WCBs at passage 5) to produce self-assembled neocartilage for preclinical evaluation (constructs at passage 7). The cell bank system is estimated to be able to produce between 160 000 and 400 000 constructs for each of the six MCBs. Overall, the ACP cell bank yielded constructs that are analogous to the intended human product, which is critical toward conducting preclinical evaluations of the ACP for inclusion in an Investigational New Drug application to the FDA.
Measuring human perception of residential built environment through street view image and deep learning
Authors: Meng Yumeng , Sun Dong , Lyu Mei , Niu Jianing , Fukuda Hiroatsu
Published: May 2024

As an important part of the urban built environment, streets exploring the influence mechanism between the built environment and human perception. It is one of the issues in building healthy cities. In this study, the residential streets of Zhongshan Distict, Dalian were selected as the study site, including Mountain Low-rise Neighborhood, Old Mid-rise Neighborhood, and Modern High-rise Neighborhood. Meanwhile, spatial measurement and human perception perception evaluation of the street environment were based on Deep learning and street view image (SVI). The study used human perceptions as dependent variables, and physical features as the independent variables. Finally, two regression models of positive and negative perceptions were established to analyze the relationship between them. The results showed that in the three types of neighborhood, positive perception was mainly focused on Mountain Low-rise Neighborhood; Negative perception was mainly focused on Old Mid-rise Neighborhood. Greenness, Openness, Natural Landscape, Natural to artificial ratio of the horizontal interface, and Natural to artificial ratio of the vertical interface had a positive influence on positive perception. Pedestrian occurrence rate, Enclosure, and Vehicle Occurrence rate had a negative influence on negative emotive. Greenness was the physical feature that most affected human perception. This study provided a method for objectively evaluating the quality of the street built environment. It is important for promoting the quality of residential streets and public mental health.