bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“I am not a monster”: An affective–discursive analysis of men's perspectives on their engagement in violence against women
Authors: Ólafsdóttir Katrín , Rúdólfsdóttir Annadís Greta
Published: June 2022

This paper aims to explore how men perform masculinities in their relationships with women and how their behaviour is enabled and/or maintained in modern society. An affective–discursive approach was adopted to analyse six in-depth interviews with men who identified as perpetrators of violence in intimate relationships. The analysis portrays how heteronormative discourses on masculinity frame participants’ understanding of the violence they had committed. However, the most pervasive reference point in the participants’ accounts was the construct of the monster. The participants’ understanding of their violence had an intersectional angle as the monster figured differently in their stories, depending on their social positioning. The middle-class participants believed that the monster essentialised and dehumanised them and called for new ways to talk about violence. The working-class participants experienced their violence as masculinity out of control, referring to past trauma and the intensity of their love for their partners, while dodging accountability for their actions. The findings underline the need for discourses on knowledge that encourage men to take responsibility for their actions without being dehumanised.
Informed consent: an empty promise? A comparative analysis between Italy and England, Wales, and Scotland
Authors: Milo Caterina
Published: June 2022

Informed consent (IC), as the process of sharing information between patients and clinicians before undertaking a medical treatment, signals a number of ‘good intentions’. IC, in its theoretical formulation, can be seen as valuing the expertise and contributions of both clinicians and patients, giving expression to the aspirations of both promoting patient autonomy and facilitating doctors to work in partnership with their patients. The Supreme Court judgment in Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board1 and the Italian legislation on IC2 are, in this respect, worthy of analysis as both provide valid examples of these ‘good intentions’. However, the reality of how IC has been translated in courtrooms does not always match these expectations. This article, through a comparative reflection, will claim that a gap between the ‘law in theory’ and the ‘law in practice’ is common to both legal systems. The article ultimately claims that changes in both legal and policy approach are needed in order to better safeguard IC.
FIFA’s utopia: An analysis of FIFA’s football for hope movement
Authors: Forde Shawn D.
Published: June 2022

This article offers an analysis of FIFA’s Football for Hope (FFH) movement with a particular focus on the 20 Centres for 2010 Campaign that was connected to the 2010 World Cup, and the FFH Festivals held during the 2010 and 2014 World Cups. Using document analysis and observations made during the FFH Festival at the 2014 World Cup and drawing on Levitas’ ( 2013 ) Utopia as Method, this article analyzes claims made by FIFA that football can bring hope and build a better future. Ultimately, the hope that FIFA promotes, and their imagined future is one that is essentially predetermined and is based on the current status quo. However, FFH through their documents and their festival, also present glimpses of potentially transformative alternatives.
Headspace early intervention for psychosis in Australia: Is it still a ‘best buy’?
Authors: Allison Stephen , Jorm Anthony , Bastiampillai Tarun , Looi Jeffrey CL
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Australia is piloting a stand-alone early intervention programme for psychosis, based on the Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre (EPPIC) model that was developed within mainstream Victorian State Government psychiatric services. The Australian early intervention programme is located in primary care, and badged as ‘ headspace Early Psychosis Youth Services’. There are currently six metropolitan early intervention services with two further services planned for the 2023 Financial Year. We discuss key findings from an external evaluation of the first six services, released by the Australian Government Department of Health under a Freedom of Information request.

Conclusions

headspace Early Psychosis Youth Services received high ratings for patient satisfaction and engagement, which was associated with symptomatic improvement and functional recovery. However, governance was complicated, costs were relatively high, and caseload targets were not met. The cost for an additional year of good quality life was estimated at AUD 318,954, which exceeds the usual thresholds for defining a ‘good buy’. Integrated models should be investigated, as they seem in principle to offer efficiencies and improved continuity of care.
It's a Different World: A Dialog on the Attention-Based View in a Post-Chandlerian World
Authors: Ocasio William , Yakis-Douglas Basak , Boynton Dylan , Laamanen Tomi , Rerup Claus , Vaara Eero , Whittington Richard
Published: June 2022

In this Dialog, seven scholars consider the theoretical implications and research opportunities a changing environment presents for the Attention-Based View (ABV). With its roots in the 1950s Carnegie School, ABV is expanding and evolving in ways that accommodate the changes in the corporate context characterized by distributed, porous structures of organizational networks such as ecosystems and platforms. The authors emphasize a shift toward a more dynamic orientation of this research, one that addresses the challenges of sustaining coherent attention and sensemaking, a shift from quantity to quality of attention, and how corporate communications ranging from formalized strategy presentations to less formal social media communications can spin attention in ways that lead to intended as well as unintended outcomes. Emerging organizational trends open up radically different perspectives on attention: today's superstar firms draw new kinds of attention and many new business models are based upon the attraction and selling of customer attention.
The Implementation of Evidence-Informed Family Nursing Practices: A Scoping Review of Strategies, Contextual Determinants, and Outcomes
Authors: Thürlimann Eva , Verweij Lotte , Naef Rahel
Published: June 2022

There is a lack of knowledge about the successful implementation of family nursing practices. This scoping review maps current knowledge about the implementation of evidence-informed family nursing practices across settings and populations. A systematic search (CINAHL, PubMed, Medline) identified 24 publications, published between 2010 and 2020. We found nurses’ implementation experience to be one of disruption, learning, and moving to new ways of practicing. The implementation resulted in benefits to families and self but was marked by fluctuation and partial integration of evidence-informed family nursing practices into care delivery. Uptake was shaped by various contextual determinants, with barriers mainly at the team and organizational levels. We identified low-quality, tentative evidence that capacity-building strategies coupled with dissemination-educational strategies may enable family nursing practice skills and increase the quality of family care. More rigorous research is needed to build further knowledge about effective implementation. Future implementation endeavors should utilize the evolving knowledge base in family nursing and tailor implementation strategies to contextual barriers.
Health Insurance Ad Messages Targeted to English- and Spanish-Speaking Populations in a Period of Limited Federal Investment in Marketplace Outreach
Authors: Pando Cynthia , Tait Margaret Ellen , McGuire Cydney M. , Perez-Sanz Sarah , Baum Laura , Fowler Erika Franklin , Gollust Sarah E.
Published: June 2022

Federal funding cuts to enrollment outreach and marketing of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) marketplace options in 2017 has raised questions about the adequacy of the information the public has received, especially among populations vulnerable to uninsurance. Using health insurance ads aired from January 1, 2018, through December 21, 2018, we conducted a content analysis focused on (a) the messaging differences by ad language (English vs. Spanish) and (b) the messaging appeals used by nonfederally sponsored health insurance ads in 2018. The results reveal that privately sponsored ads focused on benefit appeals (e.g., prescription drugs), while publicly sponsored ads emphasized financial assistance subsidies. Few ads, regardless of language, referenced the ACA explicitly and privately sponsored Spanish-language ads emphasized benefits (e.g., choice of doctor) over enrollment-relevant details. This study emphasizes that private-sponsored television marketing may not provide specific and actionable health insurance information to the public, especially for the Spanish-speaking populations.
On Commemorating Hrant Dink: Affective Nationalism, Hate Speech, and Digital News Media Users
Authors: Okten Alptug
Published: June 2022

This article focuses on the digital reproduction of hate speech. It investigates the normalization of affective nationalistic discourses via user comments posted on digital news media websites. I analyze digital posts concerning the murder in Turkey of Hrant Dink, a well-known Turkish Armenian journalist, on the websites of the two most popular Turkish newspapers. This examination considers readers’ comments on the day of the murder, January 19, 2007, and the annual commemorations over the subsequent 6 years. Based on my findings, I argue that nationalistic rhetoric is normalized via six discourses of othering: militarization, identity, us versus them, blaming, rejection, and indifference. Furthermore, I demonstrate how users repurpose online comment sections to reproduce notions of inferential racism by producing affective nationalism vis-à-vis Armenian–Turkish relations.
High Depressive Symptoms, Low Family Functioning, and Low Self-Efficacy in Mothers of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder Compared to Two Control Groups
Authors: Jackson Stefanie Zavodny , Pinto-Martin Jennifer A. , Deatrick Janet A. , Boyd Rhonda , Souders Margaret C.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face unique challenges in raising their children, and they are at higher risk for depression compared to parents of children with typical development (TD) and other disabilities.

Aims:

(1) To compare prevalence of depressive symptoms among mothers of children with ASD ( n = 101), Down syndrome (DS, n = 101), and TD ( n = 43) and (2) to describe the relationships among depression, self-efficacy, and family functioning, and describe the mediating role of maternal child care self-efficacy between depressive symptoms and child behavior.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, mothers completed the Social Communication Questionnaire, Aberrant Behavior Checklist, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Family Assessment Device General Functioning Scale, and Maternal Self-Efficacy Scale.

Results:

Mothers of children with ASD had significantly higher mean PHQ-9 scores ( p < .001), higher proportion of positive depression screening ( p < .001), and lower family functioning ( p < .001). Better family functioning is associated with less depression, better self-efficacy, and less severe ASD symptoms and behaviors. Self-efficacy mediated the relationship between depression and child ASD symptoms, and problematic behavior.

Conclusions:

The rates of reported history of depression and low family functioning in mothers of children with ASD are twice the rate in mothers of children with DS and TD. Maternal child care self-efficacy is protective against maternal depression, even in the presence of severe child problematic behaviors and ASD symptoms. Interventions that increase child care self-efficacy and family functioning may be helpful in addressing depression in mothers of children with ASD.
The Fusion-Secure Base Hypothesis
Authors: Klein Jack W. , Bastian Brock
Published: June 2022

Identity fusion is traditionally conceptualized as innately parochial, with fused actors motivated to commit acts of violence on out-groups. However, fusion’s aggressive outcomes are largely conditional on threat perception, with its effect on benign intergroup relationships underexplored. The present article outlines the fusion-secure base hypothesis, which argues that fusion may engender cooperative relationships with out-groups in the absence of out-group threat. Fusion is characterized by four principles, each of which allows a fused group to function as a secure base in which in-group members feel safe, agentic, and supported. This elicits a secure base schema, which increases the likelihood of fused actors interacting with out-groups and forming cooperative, reciprocal relationships. Out-group threat remains an important moderator, with its presence “flipping the switch” in fused actors and promoting a willingness to violently protect the group even at significant personal cost. Suggestions for future research are explored, including pathways to intergroup fusion.
Assessing Readiness for Campus Hazing Prevention
Authors: Swan Stephanie A. , Allan Elizabeth J.
Published: June 2022

This case study examined community readiness in a cohort of U.S. universities. Drawing on the Community Readiness Model (CRM), the extent to which a campus was ready to implement a comprehensive hazing prevention plan was assessed. The study was designed to help build the knowledge base using the CRM to systematically assess the cohort’s work to prevent hazing. Methods. Utilizing the CRM, key informants were interviewed. Interview data were scored using CRM rating scales and then coded following basic interpretive methods of qualitative analysis. Scores determined levels of readiness while data were analyzed for emergent themes related to a comprehensive approach to hazing prevention. Results. The CRM assessment revealed preplanning stages of readiness, meaning campus staff considered hazing prevention to be important and asking what should be done. Emergent themes that may strengthen and sustain hazing prevention in higher education are identified and discussed. Conclusions. Indications that the CRM may be useful for hazing prevention research and practice can contribute to the development of a knowledge base to support efficacy and assist campus communities in focusing their work while directing efforts toward higher levels of readiness.
Negative pressure wound therapy for prolonged surgical wound healing after brachiobasilic arteriovenous fistula creation in a patient with end-stage liver failure
Authors: Takai Kanako , Saeki Maki , Takaoka Seiji , Tada Yusuke , Fujimura Ryuta , Harada Tamaki , Yamauchi Takashi , Kumano Hodaka
Published: June 2022

A 54-year-old male patient diagnosed with hepatorenal syndrome caused by decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis was referred for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation after initiation of hemodialysis. A brachiobasilic arteriovenous fistula (BBAVF) was created because neither forearm had suitable vasculature. Large-volume serous effusion from the incision persisted postoperatively, and we started negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) for wound protection. The effusion volume decreased gradually; however, up to 80 ml of discharge continued daily. Re-operation was performed 35 days after the initial operation, followed by continued NPWT. The wound was almost healed 85 days after the primary surgery. We present a case of severe surgical wound complication after AVF creation in a patient with hemostatic and coagulation disorders and malnutrition caused by end-stage hepatic failure. We confirmed the usefulness of NPWT for excessive surgical wound effusion and the adequacy of BBAVF for vascular access.
An investigation into English majors’ self-regulated writing strategies in an online learning context
Authors: Abdelhalim Safaa M.
Published: June 2022

With the large increase in online English language learners, there is a need to explore how those learners practise self-regulated writing in such an autonomous learning context. This article reports on an exploratory study of self-regulated learning strategies used by two writing-proficiency groups (low and high) of Saudi English majors within an online context. Data were collected from a total of 50 (high proficiency = 23 and low proficiency = 27) students using video-stimulated recall of two online writing tasks. Quantitative analysis of the students’ stimulated recall data revealed that students in both proficiency groups used 11 self-regulated strategies to complete the two online writing tasks. Results also revealed a positive correlation between self-regulated learning strategy use and the students’ writing proficiency level. The chi-square test analysis revealed statistically significant differences between the two groups in six strategies overall favouring the high writing-proficiency group. Further qualitative analysis of the stimulated recall data within the framework of sociocognitive theory revealed that the high proficiency students stood out from their low-proficiency counterparts in how they self-regulated their personal, behavioural, and environmental processes. Implications for writing instruction to improve students’ writing performance in online learning contexts and future self-regulated writing strategy research are discussed.
Self-determination mini-theories in second language learning: A systematic review of three decades of research
Authors: Al-Hoorie Ali H. , Oga-Baldwin W.L. Quint , Hiver Phil , Vitta Joseph P.
Published: June 2022

Self-determination theory is one of the most established motivational theories both within second language learning and beyond. This theory has generated several mini-theories, namely: organismic integration theory, cognitive evaluation theory, basic psychological needs theory, goal contents theory, causality orientations theory, and relationships motivation theory. After providing an up-to-date account of these mini-theories, we present the results of a systematic review of empirical second language research into self-determination theory over a 30-year period ( k = 111). Our analysis of studies in this report pool showed that some mini-theories were well-represented while others were underrepresented or absent from the literature. We also examined this report pool to note trends in research design, operationalization, measurement, and application of self-determination theory constructs. Based on our results, we highlight directions for future research in relation to theory and practice.
Recreational screen media use among Danish children aged 6–11 years: influence of parental screen media habits and attitudes
Authors: Sørensen Sarah Overgaard , Gejl Anne Kær , Pedersen Jesper , Rasmussen Martin Gillies , Olesen Line Grønholt , Kristensen Peter Lund , Grøntved Anders
Published: June 2022

Aims:

Little is known about the influence of parents’ screen media habits and attitudes towards screen media on children’s screen use. We investigated associations of parental screen use, their smartphone addiction and screen media attitudes, with children’s recreational screen use.

Methods:

This study was based on a population-based cross-sectional survey sent between May 2019 and November 2020 to a random sample of 6820 Danish parent–child dyads who answered questions regarding their screen media habits. Children were 6–11 years of age and had to reside with the parent. Multivariable adjusted regression analyses were conducted (in October 2021) separately for screen media use on weekdays and weekend days.

Results:

The analyses included 5437 parents (41.0 years, 67.6% girls) and 5437 children (8.9 years, 48.2% girls). The adjusted relative odds of excessive amounts of screen use of children (>3 hours/weekday and >4 hours/weekend day) was 5.8 (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.6; 7.3) on weekdays and 7.2 (95% CI 5.9; 8.8) on weekend days comparing the fourth and first quartile of parental screen use. Children of parents in the fourth quartile of parental screen use had 2.1 (95% CI 1.7; 2.5) and 2.5 (95% CI 2.2; 3.0) greater odds of screen use before bedtime on all week and weekend days, respectively. Children of parents who had a positive attitude towards their child’s screen use or were at high risk of smartphone addiction had significantly higher screen use and more frequent problematic screen use.

Conclusions:

Parent’s screen media habits and attitudes were strongly associated with their children’s recreational screen use.
Citizen responsibility and group agency
Authors: Rafanelli Lucia M
Published: June 2022

If a state commits injustice, who is responsible for compensating its victims and safeguarding against future wrongdoing? Do the state’s citizens bear this responsibility? Do they all bear it equally? Avia Pasternak's and Holly Lawford-Smith's recent books address these pressing questions. Each book represents a thought-provoking attempt to derive an account of citizen responsibility for state wrongs from an account of state agency understood as group agency. Though the books demonstrate the promise of this approach to produce action-guiding advice for real policymakers, they also demonstrate its limitations—in particular, its lack of attention to social structures. Here, I argue that Pasternak's and Lawford-Smith's views would be enriched by further engagement with the literature on structural injustice, which takes individuals’ perpetuation of social systems (not their implication in acts of group agency) as a central source of their remedial obligations. Through critical engagement with Pasternak and Lawford-Smith, I illustrate how a structural injustice framework could yield more attractive conclusions than a group agency framework in certain cases, better explain non-culpable forms of citizen responsibility, and allow us to theorize citizen responsibility for state action without making questionable claims about the metaphysics or social ontology of group agency.
Don’t Do What to Whom? A Survey of Historical-Critical Scholarship on Leviticus 18.22 and 20.13
Authors: Stone Mark Preston
Published: June 2022

Leviticus 18.22 and 20.13 continue to play a decisive role in the debate over sexuality and the Bible. A bit surprisingly, it was not until the mid-1990s that these texts began to be subjected to thorough historical-critical analyses. Since that time, interest has steadily increased along with the number of hypotheses. Many have assumed that these laws unambiguously condemn ‘homosexuality’. Among specialists, however, there continues to be much disagreement with at least twenty-one unique proposals. This article will survey the various historical-critical offerings, put them into conversation with one another, and describe current trends.
Assessing the predictive validity of a risk assessment instrument for repeat victimization in the Netherlands using prior police contacts
Authors: Raaijmakers Niels , Geurts Roos , Delsing Marc J. M. H. , Bosma Alice K. , Wientjes Jacqueline A. M. , Spapens Toine , Scholte Ron H. J.
Published: June 2022

The current study examined to what extent a valid instrument that predicts repeat victimization can be based on a victim's prior police contacts. Police records between 2010 and 2017 were retrieved for a sample of 68,229 victims. The data was split into a training set ( n = 34,224) and a test set ( n = 34,005). Using logistic regression analyses in the training set, three models were developed linking prior police contacts to repeat victimization. The predictive validity was assessed in the test set. Results indicated that (a) prior police contacts as victims, suspects and witnesses were associated with an elevated risk of repeat victimization and (b) the model correctly classified a majority of both repeat victims and non-repeat victims across various cut-off points. Findings demonstrated moderate to acceptable predictive validity, thereby suggesting that there is considerable room for improvement.
Jamie the Saxt's a Counterblaste to Tobacco
Authors: Buchanan W.W.
Published: June 2022

King James VI of Scotland (Jamie the Saxt) became James I of England in 1603. This led to what is now known as the United Kingdom: indeed the flag, the Union Jack, is named after him. He was probably the best educated king to sit on a European throne, although he often lacked sagacity. He authorised a new translation of the Bible, now known as the King James Bible. He is also remembered for his abhorrence of smoking tobacco, which he ably expressed in A Counterblaste to Tobacco in 1604.
A myasthenic crisis of broken hearts (reverse takotsubo): Case report and review of literature
Authors: Youssef Sofian , Adam Ismail , Chablani Manish , Taleyratne Dinal
Published: June 2022

Myasthenic crisis (MC) is rarely associated with takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC), but embolic complications of MC-associated reverse TTC are yet to be documented. We present a case of a 70-year-old Caucasian female with MC-associated reverse TTC, developing acute cerebral infarcts. Following aggressive treatment with immunoglobulins and anticholinergics, cardiac function normalised. TTC is an important differential diagnosis in acute deteriorations of cardiac function, particularly in intensive care, not only due to frequent use of inotropes and embolic complications but also because cardiac function is reversible with good medical care. Early specialist neurologist and cardiologist input should be sought in such cases.
Gastrointestinal involvement of common variable immunodeficiency: A diagnostic challenge to the physician
Authors: Gangadharan Harikrishnan , Paul Vipin Joseph , Ravi Roopa , Arasan Saravana Sreenivasan , Venugopal Suryagayathri , Sundaram Sankar , Kandiyil Sunil Kumar , Yadav Reetika Malik , Madkaikar Manisha , George Josemon
Published: June 2022

A 35-year-old male presented with fatigue for 1 month and was found to have megaloblastic anaemia. Further evaluation showed low globulin levels and pan hypogammaglobulinemia. Past history was significant for chronic small bowel diarrhoea and bilateral genu valgum deformity from childhood. Hence, a malabsorption syndrome with a probable antibody deficiency was suspected. An upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy was done, which revealed chronic atrophic gastritis with Helicobacter pylori infection, dysplasia and subtotal villous atrophy with a paucity of plasma cells, which was suggestive of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)-related enteropathy. CVID can present with predominantly autoimmune GI manifestations without any history of recurrent infections. The risk of gastric dysplasia and malignancy is high in CVID and needs close monitoring.
A glorious past, dynamic present and a promising future: Insulin at 100
Authors: Kishor Sharma Jugal , Sharma Dinesh , Gupta Amit
Published: June 2022

It has been 100 years since insulin was discovered. Insulin therapy remains the cornerstone for the management of diabetes. Advances in human physiology, pathology, molecular biology, biotechnology, biomedical engineering and devices have added tremendously to the journey of one of the greatest discoveries of modern medicine. Epidemiology of diabetes has gone through a major shift in a century; many oral drugs have been introduced for the management of type 2 diabetes; glucose monitoring has also gone through a sea change with the availability of novel parameters like continuous glucose monitoring, as has insulin delivery, with the availability of insulin pumps and the artificial pancreas. In this article, we look into historical facts, challenges, limitations and future developments of insulin therapy.
Milestone house: The story of a hospice for people with HIV/AIDS
Authors: McCabe Ruth , Richardson Alison , Taylor David , Robertson Roy
Published: June 2022

The HIV/AIDS epidemic of the early 1980s has been extensively documented, with all its epidemiological, scientific and medical impacts. Cultural implications for many sectors of society have been profound and long-lasting. Some areas merit reflection for their ingenuity in the face of a crisis and the effect they have had on clinical practice. This report gives an account of a venture into the unknown territory of palliative care. Described here is a group of young people and their families propelled into a nightmarish condition. Those involved were outlawed and stigmatised, suffering from a disease leading to their inevitable death. By association with this group, carers and medical staff were left to interpret unhelpful guidelines and to venture into unknown therapeutic territory, sometimes beyond the margins of conventional practice.
Assessment of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in Preclinical Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Keleman Audrey A. , Bollinger Rebecca M. , Wisch Julie K. , Grant Elizabeth A. , Benzinger Tammie L. , Ances Beau M. , Stark Susan L.
Published: June 2022

Questionnaires are used to assess instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) among individuals with preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD). They have indicated no functional impairment among this population. We aim to determine among cognitively normal (CN) older adults with and without preclinical AD whether: (a) performance-based IADL assessment measures a wider range of function than an IADL questionnaire and (b) biomarkers of AD are associated with IADL performance. In this cross-sectional analysis of 161 older adults, participants in studies of AD completed an IADL questionnaire, performance-based IADL assessment, cognitive assessments, and had biomarkers of AD (amyloid, hippocampal volume, brain network strength) assessed within 2 to 3 years. Performance-based IADL scores were more widely distributed compared with the IADL questionnaire. Smaller hippocampal volumes and reduced brain network connections were associated with worse IADL performance. A performance-based IADL assessment demonstrates functional impairment associated with neurodegeneration among CN older adults.
Roots and Growth: Threading the Ethos of Personal, Social, and Political Transformation
Authors: Akenson Ashley B. , Arce-Trigatti Andrea , Akenson James E.
Published: June 2022

Transformative education exists in a complex, dynamic, and ambiguous state seeking structural definitions and relationships within an interdisciplinary arena often critiqued for its limitations as an individual—rather than social—practice. This type of education encompasses learning processes that may facilitate the development of civic-minded, democratic citizens seeking change characterized by actions that disrupt existing norms on political or social levels. This theoretical study examines transformative, civic, and leadership frameworks to excavate the underlying common ethos that promotes personal, social, and political impact. In addition to mapping each major element of the frameworks, their connections and tensions will be illustrated graphically and textually. The resulting analysis will demonstrate the shared ethos amongst these three deeply intertwined and symbiotic theories as they relate to personal growth and social development. Preliminary mapping demonstrates key features of these frameworks highlight an ethos anchored in cultivating awareness, critical reflexivity, engaged inquiry, shift in perspective, and informed action emerging from the prior phases.
Virtual Empire: Performing Colonialism in the MMORPG Runescape
Authors: Lallani Shayan S.
Published: June 2022

This article argues that advancement in the MMORPG Runescape is connected to virtual performances of colonial exploitation. It places in geographic and temporal context various societies represented in Runescape by historicizing in-game cultural representations. Thereafter, it is asserted that players partake in virtual iterations of colonialism to advance their accounts. Analysis is grounded in four case studies exploring the themes of exploitative archaeology, colonial cartography, imperial diplomacy, and resource extraction. Each example represents opportunities for in-game progress. In connecting the virtual advancement of user accounts to performances of colonialism, it is argued that Runescape reproduces historic colonial projects in which European powers commodified other societies to advance their own economic and cultural agendas. Through this analysis, the article seeks to develop a guiding framework for the study of MMORPGs as replicating Eurocentric colonial encounters.
The effect of school community service on volunteering and its motives
Authors: Markos Valéria
Published: June 2022

In this study, we investigate secondary students’ experiences with school community service. Our aim is to explore the influence of school community service on attitudes towards volunteering. We examine whether community service motivates students to participate in volunteering in the future. We also explore the types of motivation which can be observed among secondary students in school community service. Our findings reveal that as of now, community service has only a short-term positive effect on volunteering. After completing community service, the importance of helping others, that is, the altruistic attitude strengthens. Furthermore, we find that community service increases the perceived importance of helping others among religious people. Our research contributes to improving the effectiveness of school-community service programmes by exploring the characteristics of groups that are less motivated to volunteer. This recognition can help programme coordinators to organise programmes in a more targeted way and to involve target groups more effectively.
How much training do English male academy players really do? Load inside and outside of a football academy
Authors: Johnson David M , Cumming Sean P , Bradley Ben , Williams Sean
Published: June 2022

To date, no studies have investigated the loads undertaken by elite youth footballers outside of their academy commitments. This study aimed to understand the load of English male academy football players' activity both inside and outside of the academy, as well as, how this load varies between age groups and days. Fifty-two male academy footballers were asked to record the duration, intensity and mode of moderate to vigorous physical activity undertaken outside of their academy training. These data were then combined with session Rating of Perceived Exertion load undertaken inside the academy over the corresponding period. Data were analysed using linear mixed models. The coefficient of variation (CV) was the between-subject standard deviation as a percentage of the mean. The variation of activity types players undertake outside the academy reduced with age. There was no significant difference in the ‘outside of academy’ load between age groups, but there was a significantly greater CV in the Under 15/16 (U15/16) group (CV = 164%) compared to the U12 (CV = 107%) and U13/14 (CV = 119%) age groups ( P = 0.001). For the U12 group, there were no significant between-day differences in load outside of the academy or the combined (inside and outside) load. For the U13/14 and U15/16 groups, there were significant between-day differences in load outside of the academy, as well as, significant between-day differences in the combined load. Practitioners should consider how activities undertaken by players outside of the academy setting contribute to the weekly load periodisation and should modify their training schedules accordingly.
Occupational health
Authors: Strickland Serena
Published: June 2022

We spend the majority of our healthy years in employment. With retirement ages increasing and a reduction in healthy lifespan, the interactions of work and health are growing ever more complex. This article serves as an introduction to occupational medicine for GPs supporting patients’ healthy working lives. As well as looking at some common occupational conditions, this article will explore avenues to further training in occupational medicine.
Effects of wearing a transparent face mask on perception of facial expressions
Authors: Miyazaki Yuki , Kamatani Miki , Suda Tomokazu , Wakasugi Kei , Matsunaga Kaori , Kawahara Jun I.
Published: June 2022

Wearing face masks in public has become the norm in many countries post-2020. Although mask-wearing is effective in controlling infection, it has the negative side effect of occluding the mask wearer’s facial expressions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of wearing transparent masks on the perception of facial expressions. Participants were required to categorize the perceived facial emotion of female (Experiment 1) and male (Experiment 2) faces with different facial expressions and to rate the perceived emotion intensity of the faces. Based on the group, the participants were assigned to, the faces were presented with a surgical mask, a transparent mask, or without a mask. The results showed that wearing a surgical mask impaired the performance of reading facial expressions, both with respect to recognition and perceived intensity of facial emotions. Specifically, the impairments were robustly observed in fear and happy faces for emotion recognition, and in happy faces for perceived intensity of emotion in Experiments 1 and 2. However, the impairments were moderated by wearing a transparent mask instead of a surgical mask. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the transparent mask can be used in a range of situations where face-to-face communication is important.
Legitimizing land grabs in a digital age
Authors: Miller Michelle Ann
Published: June 2022

In this commentary, I respond to Riding and Dahlman’s call to counter land grabs rooted in terra nullius claims. While this cyber-spatial montage provides a richly layered account of the representational dynamics and performative practices of a self-proclaimed country, I argue that the authors’ more-than-human theorization dilutes rather than sharpens their critical edge. Landscapes and natural resources have certain materialities that shape their governance, but Riding and Dahlman's invocation of ‘more-than-human geographies of responsibility against alt-right libertarianism, Balkanism, and imperialist imaginaries’ downplays the onus of responsibility on humans to prevent land grabs and mitigate their socioecological consequences.
A virtual reality-based mind–body approach to downregulate psychophysiological arousal in adolescent insomnia
Authors: de Zambotti Massimiliano , Yuksel Dilara , Kiss Orsolya , Barresi Giacinto , Arra Nicole , Volpe Laila , King Christopher , Baker Fiona C
Published: June 2022

Objective

In this study, we describe the rationale, supported by preliminary data, for a novel, digital, immersive virtual reality (VR)-based mind–body approach, designed to reduce bedtime arousal in adolescents with insomnia.

Methods

Fifty-two high-school students (16–20 years; 32 female) with ( N = 18) and without ( N = 34) DSM-5 insomnia symptoms engaged with 20 min of immersive VR-guided meditation and paced breathing (0.1 Hz) ( intervention condition) and 20 min of quiet activity ( control condition), right before bedtime, on two separate evenings.

Results

The intervention resulted in acute autonomic and cortical modulation ( p < 0.05), leading to reduced physiological arousal (↓heart rate, ↓cortisol) compared with the control condition, with similar effects in adolescents with and without insomnia. No significant changes were detected for cognitive arousal levels. During the intervention, all participants were able to achieve the targeted 0.1 Hz breathing rate, and the majority experienced no discomfort associated with the VR exposure. However, 30–40% of the participants experienced some trouble slowing down their breathing.

Conclusions

The study provides supporting preliminary evidence for the mechanism behind a novel VR-based digital approach, designed to regulate psychophysiological arousal levels by acting on neurocognitive and autonomic pathways. Further studies (e.g. randomized clinical trials) are needed to evaluate the isolated and synergistic effects of its components (e.g. VR vs. VR + paced breathing), and its efficacy, acceptance, and feasibility in alleviating insomnia symptoms in adolescents.
Critical user-configurations in mHealth design: How mHealth-app design practices come to bias design against chronically ill children and young people as mHealth users
Authors: Bagge-Petersen Claudia M , Langstrup Henriette , Larsen Jakob E , Frølich Anne
Published: June 2022

Mobile health smartphone applications (mHealth-apps) are increasingly emerging to assist children's and young people's management of chronic conditions. However, difficulties persist in applying design approaches in mHealth projects that return apps that are useful to this group. In this article, we explore ethnographically two self-proclaimed ‘user-driven’ projects designing mHealth apps for Danish patients below the age of 18 living with, respectively, haemophilia and rheumatoid arthritis. These projects initially included the perspectives of children and young people to inform the designs, however, eventually launched the final apps for adult patients only. Through a concept of ‘critical user-configuration’, we examine the projects’ challenges with attuning the designs to children and young people and how these drove their exclusion as users of the emerging mHealth apps. Critical user-configuration draws attention to critical moments in design practices where significant shifts in user-configurations take place, shaping who can become a user. More specifically, we uncover three critical moments: where mHealth projects expand the group of prospective users; where test subjects are selected; and where data governance systems and digital health infrastructures are mobilised in the design process. Throughout these critical moments, there is a drift from user-driven to data-driven design approaches which increasingly exclude groups of users who are less datafiable – in our case children and young people. We argue that besides giving voice to minors in mHealth design processes, we need to be mindful of the design practices that become decisive for – often implicitly – who can be configured as a user.
Anti-terrorism courts’ convictions in trials of sectarian-terrorism crimes: A case study of the Punjab province of Pakistan
Authors: Umar Muhammad , Khan Naeemullah
Published: June 2022

Sectarian activists in Pakistan are occasionally arrested by law enforcement agencies in sectarian-terrorism crimes but very rarely convicted by the courts. Contemporary research mainly relates slow convictions in sectarian crimes to defects in the state's criminal justice system. But this article connects anti-terrorism courts’ (ATCs) slow convictions and large-scale acquittals in sectarian-terrorism crimes to vague anti-terror laws, judges’ and witnesses’ security concerns and the incompetence of the prosecution and judges. The article applies the mixed method of research by using data from personal interviews, online sources, newspapers, research journals, articles and books. It argues that undefined anti-terrorism laws, judges’ security concerns and sectarian activists’ terrorization of judges and eyewitnesses add to the ATCs’ slow convictions in sectarian-terrorism crimes in the Punjab. Moreover, prosecution and judges’ incompetence and their inclination towards Islamic principles in judgements show bias in the application of sectarian-terrorism related laws that have been causing large-scale acquittals in the ATCs.
Conversion from Alloplastic to Autologous Breast Reconstruction: What Are the Inciting Factors?
Authors: Bitoiu Brendon , Schlagintweit Sofie , Zhang Zach , Bovill Esta , Isaac Kathryn , Macadam Sheina
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Failure of alloplastic breast reconstruction is an uncommon occurrence that may result in abandonment of reconstructive efforts or salvage with conversion to autologous reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that predict failure of alloplastic breast reconstruction and conversion to autologous reconstruction. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients who underwent mastectomy and immediate alloplastic breast reconstruction between 2008 and 2019. Inclusion criteria included patients 18 years or older who underwent initial alloplastic reconstruction with a minimum of 3-year follow-up. Data collected included age, body mass index, cancer type, surgical characteristics, neo/adjuvant treatment details, and complications. Results were analyzed using Fischer's exact test, t-test, and multivariate logistic regression. Results: A total of 234 patients met inclusion criteria. Of those, 23 (9.8%) required conversion from alloplastic to autologous reconstruction. Converted patients had a mean age of 50.1 ± 8.5. The time from initial alloplastic reconstruction to conversion was 30.7 months. The most common reasons for conversion included soft tissue deficiency (48%), infection (30%), and capsular contracture (22%). Patients were converted to deep inferior epigastric perforator flap (DIEP; 52%), latissimus dorsi flap with implant (26%), and DIEP with implant (22%). Multivariate logistic regression modeling identified radiation (OR 8.4 [CI = 1.7-40.1]) and periprosthetic infection (OR 14.6 [CI = 3.4-63.8]) as predictors for conversion. Conclusions: Among patients undergoing mastectomy with immediate alloplastic breast reconstruction, those treated with radiation have 8.4 greater odds of conversion and those with a periprosthetic infection have 14.6 greater odds for conversion to an autologous reconstruction.