bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extramedullar plasmocytoma of the oral cavity
Authors: Olugbeje Helen , Fourcade Arthur
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Extramedullar plasmocytoma (EMP) is a plasma cell disease, such as solitary plasmocytoma of the bone and multiple myeloma. It is developed in the soft tissues. Observation: A 79-year-old patient consulted for a painful tumefaction of the gum associated to a radiolucent area on the right side of the mandible on the panoramic x-ray. After surgical enucleation, histological examination showed that the diagnosis was either an IgA extramedullar plasmocytoma or a multiple myeloma. The spreading assessment eliminated the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. The patient was then treated with radiotherapy. Discussion: EMP is a rare tumoral disease. Few cases described oral localisation. The main differential diagnosis, that must be excluded is multiple myeloma. Transformation in multiple myeloma exists. The first intention treatment is radiotherapy of the lesion. Conclusion: EMP of the oral cavity is very rare. After treatment, follow-up is required to detect second localisation or progression in multiple myeloma.
Prävalenz der Rheumatoiden Arthritis in Deutschland: Analyse
von Längsschnittdaten der Gesetzlichen
Krankenversicherung
Authors: Kienitz Carsten , Grellmann Claudia , Hapfelmeier Jana
Published: August 2020

Hintergrund Die Rheumatoide Arthritis (RA) ist eine chronisch
entzündliche systemische Auto-immunerkrankung mit destruierenden
Gelenkveränderungen und progredientem Verlauf. Daten zur
Prävalenz bei erwachsenen Patienten sind in Deutschland nur
eingeschränkt verfügbar.

Methodik Es wurden anonymisierte Diagnose- und Verordnungsdaten aus den
Jahren 2008–2013 auf Patientenebene für ca. 2,3 Mio. erwachsene
Versicherte (Gesamtdatensatz; Stand 2013) bzw. ca. 1,2 Mio. erwachsene
Versicherte (kleinerer Datensatz mit Zusatzinformationen wie Behandlung durch
einen Facharzt; Stand 2013) von 7 verschiedenen gesetzlichen
Krankenversicherungen ausgewertet. Die Diagnose RA wurde vergeben, wenn die
Kodierung M05 (seropositive chronische Polyarthritis) bzw. M06 (sonstige
chronische Polyarthritis) vorlag (Diagnosegruppe M0[5,6]) und innerhalb eines
Kalenderjahres entweder mindestens 2-mal ambulant (in 2 verschiedenen Quartalen)
oder mindestens einmal stationär gestellt wurde (entsprechend der
BVA-Kriterien werden also stationäre Diagnosen als verlässlicher
eingestuft). Die Daten wurden auf die GKV-Versicherten und
Gesamtbevölkerung in Deutschland für das Jahr 2013
hochgerechnet.

Ergebnisse Die Prävalenz der RA im Gesamtdatensatz lag bei
durchschnittlich 1,26% über alle Jahre hinweg
(2008–2013). Die Diagnose beruht dabei zu über 90% auf
dem Diagnoseschlüssel M06. Die Einstufung basiert in 88% der
Fälle ausschließlich auf ambulanten Diagnosen. Unter
Berücksichtigung einer Diagnosestellung durch einen Facharzt
(Facharztkriterium) auf Basis eines kleineren Datensatzes, der diese
Zusatzinformation enthält, zur Bestimmung einer
„sicheren“ RA-Diagnose, lag die mittlere RA-Rate für die
Jahre 2011–2013 bei etwa 0,99%. Bezogen auf die Diagnosegruppe
M0[5,6] im Gesamtdatensatz lag die Prävalenz der RA im Jahr 2013 bei
etwa 1,8% der Frauen, und bei etwa 0,8% der Männer. Nur
rund 40% der diagnostizierten Patienten wurden mit DMARDs behandelt.

Schlussfolgerungen Die aus dem größeren Datensatz
abgeleiteten Prävalenzschätzungen für RA entsprechen
denen früherer Erhebungen mit teilweise anderen methodischen
Ansätzen. Basierend auf der vorgelegten Analyse der Krankenkassendaten
beträgt die Prävalenz der diagnostizierten RA bei Erwachsenen in
Deutschland 1,26% und liegt damit innerhalb der Spanne von
0,81–1,62%, die der Literatur zu entnehmen ist. Dies entspricht
einer Zahl von rund 721 000 erwachsenen GKV-Versicherten. Die niedrige
Rate der DMARD-Verschreibungen kann auf eine Unterversorgung dieser Patienten
hindeuten.
Labordiagnostik bei gastrointestinalen Tumoren
Authors: Kleber Marcus
Published: August 2020

Das kolorektale Karzinom (KRK) ist einer der häufigsten malignen Tumoren in Deutschland. Einer frühzeitigen Diagnostik kommt große Bedeutung zu. Goldstandard ist hier die Koloskopie. Die aktuelle S3-Leitlinie Kolorektales Karzinom empfiehlt zum KRK-Screening den fäkalen okkulten Bluttest. Für das Monitoring von Patienten vor und nach Tumorresektion werden die Messung des Carcinoembryonalen Antigens (CEA) und der Mikrosatellitenstabilität empfohlen. Für die Auswahl der korrekten Chemotherapie scheint derzeit eine Überprüfung des Mutationsstatus, mindestens des KRAS-Gens und des BRAF-Gens, sinnvoll zu sein. Eine Reihe an neuartigen Tumormarkern befindet sich momentan in der Entwicklung, hat jedoch noch nicht die Reife für eine mögliche Anwendung in der Routinediagnostik erreicht. Den schnellsten Weg in die breite Anwendung können Next-Generation-Sequencing-basierte genetische Tests finden.
2019 Leitlinie Dyslipidämie kompakt
Authors: Weingärtner Oliver , Landmesser Ulf , Laufs Ulrich , März Winfried
Published: August 2020

Im August 2019 wurden auf der Jahrestagung des Europäischen Kardiologen Kongresses in Paris (ESC 2019) die neuen Leitlinien für Dyslipidämien der European Society of Cardiology (ESC) und der European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) vorgestellt. Die aktualisierte Leitlinie behält das Konzept der risikoadaptierten Zielwerte bei, setzt jedoch die zu erreichenden LDL-C-Ziele abhängig vom individuellen Risiko tiefer als bisher. Neben dem vermehrten Einsatz von bildgebenden Verfahren wie Koronar-CT oder Ultraschall der Hals- und Beckengefäße wird das SCORE-System zur Risikostratifizierung empfohlen. Die zusätzliche Bestimmung von Lipoprotein(a) und Apolipoprotein B hilft, Risikopersonen früher zu identifizieren. Ezetimib und PCSK9-Inhibitoren konnten unter laufender Statintherapie eine weitere Risikoreduktion für kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse nachweisen. Die Verringerung des kardiovaskulären Risikos ist abhängig von der absoluten LDL-C-Senkung, der Therapiedauer und dem individuellen kardiovaskulären Ausgangsrisiko. Für Patienten mit sehr hohem Risiko gilt das neue LDL-C-Ziel < 1,4 mmol/l (55 mg/dl) und eine prozentuale Reduktion des LDL-C-Ausgangswerts um ≥ 50 %.
Annealing behaviors of vacancy-type defects in AlN deposited by radio-frequency sputtering and metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy studied using monoenergetic positron beams
Authors: Uedono Akira , Shojiki Kanako , Uesugi Kenjiro , Chichibu Shigefusa F. , Ishibashi Shoji , Dickmann Marcel , Egger Werner , Hugenschmidt Christoph , Miyake Hideto
Published: August 2020

Vacancy-type defects in AlN films were probed by using monoenergetic positron beams. The AlN films were deposited on sapphire substrates by using a radio-frequency sputtering technique. Epitaxial films grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy on the sputtered AlN films were also characterized. For the sputtered AlN, the major defect species was identified to be complexes between Al-vacancy and oxygen atoms located at nitrogen sites. Vacancy clusters were introduced after annealing at 1300 °C in the N2 atmosphere but their concentration decreased with a higher annealing temperature. The vacancy–oxygen complexes, however, still existed in the AlN film after annealing at 1700 °C. For the AlN epitaxial films, the concentration of vacancy clusters increased as the growth temperature increased up to 1300 °C but it decreased with the post-growth annealing at 1700 °C.
Lift enhancement strategy and mechanism for a plunging airfoil based on vortex control
Authors: Feng Li-Hao , Li Zhen-Yao , Chen Yi-Long
Published: August 2020

A new flow control strategy based on leading-edge vortex (LEV) manipulation is proposed to improve the aerodynamic performance of a plunging airfoil. It has been found that the low pressure region produced by the LEV contributes to the high lift during dynamic stall, while the growth of the secondary vortex would weaken the LEV and result in a decrease in lift. Accordingly, the vortex control hypothesis is that we change the evolution of the secondary vortex and LEV, thus achieving a higher lift coefficient with a longer duration. The suction actuator is placed at different positions on the upper surface of the airfoil to test the control hypothesis. When the suction actuator is near the leading edge, the LEV detaches from the shear layer earlier and it can only enhance the lift slightly while not delay stall time. When the suction actuator is near the middle region, it could inhibit the growth of the secondary vortex and, thus, reduce its strength greatly. Therefore, the LEV circulation could continue to increase. As a result, the suction control could increase the lift coefficient and also prolong the high-lift duration. When the suction actuator is near the trailing edge, an increase in lift could also be achieved by an increase in the negative pressure over the upper surface as well as the LEV circulation. Thus, we present and validate the lift enhancement strategy for an unsteady airfoil based on vortex control.
Broadband dielectric spectroscopy of BMPTFSI ionic liquid doped solid-state polymer electrolytes: Coupled ion transport and dielectric relaxation mechanism
Authors: Pal P. , Ghosh A.
Published: August 2020

Broadband dielectric spectroscopy has been used to explore the charge carrier transport and relaxation mechanisms in different compositions of 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide doped poly(methylmethacrylate)-lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide based solid polymer electrolytes. The free ion diffusivity and number density, which are directly linked with ion transport in ionic liquid based polymer electrolytes, are analyzed following the model of electrode polarization proposed by Macdonald–Trukhan. We have analyzed broadband dielectric spectra in terms of complex electric modulus formalism using two theoretical approaches such as Havrilliak–Negami and Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts functions. It has been observed that charge carrier diffusivity and dielectric relaxation time are strongly temperature dependent, following Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher behavior. It is also evident from the values of stretched exponent β that the relaxation behavior is highly non-exponential in these ionic liquid doped polymer electrolytes.
Soil fertility constraints and management to increase crop yields in the dryland farming systems of Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: McLeod Malem K. , Sufardi S. , Harden S.
Published: August 2020

In Aceh, Indonesia, low dryland crop yields entrench rural poverty. The lack of soil fertility information hinders the development of soil management programs to assist farmers to increase crop yield. This study identified soil-based constraints to production and management options to increase crop yield. We analysed 254 soil samples from 127 dryland cropping sites across Pidie, Bireuen, Aceh Besar and Aceh Barat districts for pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), base saturation (BS) and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The dominant soils were Entisols, Inceptisols and Ultisols, with some Andisols and Mollisols. Overall, the CEC range was 10–60 cmol(+) kg–1 and available P was 0.5–702 mg kg–1 but most had poor fertility: SOC < 20.0 g kg–1, total N < 2.0 g kg–1, low basic cations and BS < 40%. The Ultisols and some Entisols and Inceptisols were acidic, with aluminium saturation >20% and available P < 6.5 mg kg–1. To sustainably increase crop yield, we concluded that these soils need lime where acidic, fertilisers for nutrients and stable carbon-rich amendments for system stability. This dataset will guide future agricultural research and development programs in Aceh to improve farmer practices and food security.
Imperata cylindrica
: reproduction, dispersal, and controls
Authors: Rusdy Muhammad
Published: August 2020

Imperata cylindrica
is one of the 10 worst weeds in the tropics and subtropics.  Although it has many beneficial uses, the problems related to its invasiveness far outweigh its positive benefits. 
I. cylindrica
negatively affects production of annual, perennial, plantation, and forest crops. Its mode of reproduction fosters its extensive growth and very persistent nature because of its high competitive ability in a wide range of habitats. Control efforts for
I. cylindrica
consist of prevention, cultural, mechanical, biological, and integrated approach. All control methods are not cost effective and require careful planning to achieve the desired outcome. Currently, good control can be achieved by integrating cultural, mechanical, and chemical methods, but long term of management control must involve sustainable strategies such as biological control and revegetation practices.
Traps for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae): their mode of action and efficacy
Authors: Drew Richard A.I.
Published: August 2020

For as long as fruit flies in the dipteran family Tephritidae have been recognised as pests in fruit and vegetable production, workers have been developing traps for both monitoring and pest management. These traps have used many different shapes, construction materials and lures and have demonstrated a wide variety of efficacies. Further, over a century of research has been undertaken on tephritid fruit fly trapping, some of which has led to significant economic applications. Such is the extent of research and publications on this subject that it has been possible, in this paper, to refer only to a limited number of key published works. The recent development of the Fruition® Fruit Fly Trap technology and its subsequent models has been based on 6 years of extensive field research that has led to a new understanding of factors that influence fruit fly attraction and trap efficacy, particularly in the quest to target successfully the mature egg-laying female fly. The use of traps has become essential in the monitoring, management and understanding of fruit fly populations across the world, and thus the historical development of fruit fly traps and lures, their modes of action, and influencing factors on trap efficacy are discussed in this paper.
Final report for international comparison APMP.QM-S12: BTEX in nitrogen at 100 nmol/mol
Authors: Lee S , Kang J H , Kim Y D , Kim D H , Uehara S , Akima D , Onozawa N , Zhe B , Wang D , Ntsasa N G , Leshabane N , Jozela M , Tshilongo J
Published: August 2020

Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, and styrene (subsequently referred to gas BTEX) are volatile organic compounds emitted from gasoline, fossil fuel combustion, paints, rubber products, and adhesives. Exposure to BTEX can make adverse health effects on humans. Therefore, BTEX in both ambient and indoor air is regulated and monitored to protect public health. For this supplementary comparison, a multicomponent mixture of BTEX in nitrogen has been chosen at an amount-of-substance fraction level of 100 nmol mol−1 that is more close to their emission levels from new buildings and construction materials. The supplementary comparison is designed to underpin calibration capabilities using BTEX gas mixtures that are prepared gravimetrically as transfer standards.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Nonlinear effects on the dynamics of quantum harmonic modes coupled through angular momentum
Authors: Canosa N , Rossignoli R , García Javier , Mandal Swapan , Chandra Saha Kartick
Published: August 2020

We investigate nonlinear effects on the dynamics of entanglement and other quantum observables in a system of two harmonic modes coupled through angular momentum. The nonlinearity arises from a Kerr-type anharmonic term in each mode. The emergence and evolution of entanglement, non-Gaussianity, photon number, photon antibunching and squeezing are examined for different initial coherent product states and couplings, through exact diagonalization in a truncated basis. It is shown that the anharmonic terms, even if weak, can lead to very significant effects for such initial states, considerably enhancing and stabilizing entanglement and leading to a non negligible non-Gaussianity of the evolved states. They also affect other observables, stabilizing the dynamics after an initial transient regime, for not too small initial average populations of each mode. Analytic short-time approximate expressions are also provided.
Molecular dynamics simulations of the laser ablation of silicon with the thermal spike model
Authors: Klein Dominic , Eisfeld Eugen , Roth Johannes
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this work is to model laser ablation of silicon on an atomistic scale in combination with a mesoscale model for the description of the electron-phonon interaction and an electron-temperature dependent interaction potential. The well-known continuum two-temperature model (TTM) for solids with highly excited electrons is extended from metals to silicon by explicitly taking charge carrier transport effects into account (nTTM). This is accomplished by the drift-diffusion limit of the Boltzmann-transport equation leading to the so called thermal-spike model (TSM). The model is further enhanced by extending the static modified Tersoff potential to a dynamical carrier excitation dependent interaction potential. We compare the TSM and nTTM with regard to physical correctness, numerical stability and applicability in the context of large-scale massive parallel high performance computing.
Charge cluster triggers unpredictable insulation surface flashover in pressurized SF6
Authors: Li Chuanyang , Zhu Yujie , Hu Jun , Li Qi , Zhang Bo , He Jinliang
Published: August 2020

This paper reports an unpredictable insulation surface flashover phenomenon triggered by surface charge clusters under DC electric field, which is experimentally revealed by a donut-shaped dust cluster figure, presenting the outline of these surface charge clusters and showing a hollow donut-shaped structure interestingly. The charge cluster is randomly formed when ions originating from local micro-protrusions accumulate on the insulation surface, the edge of which produces a strong electrical field to induce local streamers. These local streamers provide an inducing factor, unpredictably triggering surface flashover. An in-depth illustration of how the dust phase transition depicts surface charge cluster evolution is proposed. This uncovered phenomenon has significant physical implications in revealing unpredictable insulation surface flashover and has great significance in further developing of HVDC gas insulated power transmission systems and other fields, such as microelectronics and space aircrafts.
Decision tree-extended finite impulse response filtering for pedestrian tracking over tightly integrated inertial navigation system/ultra wide band data
Authors: Xu Yuan , Shmaliy Yuriy S , Hua Luchi , Ma Liyao , Zhuang Yuan
Published: August 2020

Although the tightly integrated inertial navigation system/ultra wide band (INS/UWB) improves the localization accuracy, it suffers from UWB distance outage. In order to reduce the outage effect on the position accuracy, in this paper we propose using a novel decision tree (DT)-extended finite impulse response (EFIR) filter. When all the UWB distances are available, the EFIR filter tightly fuses the INS and UWB data. Otherwise, the DT builds a relationship between the INS and UWB position errors. Once at least one UWB distance is unavailable, the DT bridges a gap over unavailable measurements. It is shown experimentally that the DT-EFIR filter is an efficient tool to reduce the effect of the UWB distance outage on the INS/UWB system operation, which can improve the localization error by about 40% as compared with the UWB solution.
A method for mechanical fault recognition with unseen classes via unsupervised convolutional adversarial auto-encoder
Authors: Pan Tongyang , Chen Jinglong , Qu Cheng , Zhou Zitong
Published: August 2020

Intelligent fault recognition has been a hot topic in the area of mechanical fault detection. However, it is difficult to collect sufficient monitoring data to represent the various kinds of faults and support network training. This paper proposes a convolutional adversarial auto-encoder (AE) for mechanical fault recognition with unseen classes via one-class classification. The generator is established based on the convolutional AE, while the discriminator is a multi-scale convolutional neural network. Through unsupervised adversarial training, the model can recognize unseen faults, which are not represented in the training data. The proposed method is verified by three bearing datasets, and some related research is also introduced for comparative analysis. Results show that the RR of the proposed method arrives at 100%, 100% and 97.3% in three cases, while the AC reaches 91.4%, 90.5% and 90.8% respectively.
In situ evolved NiMo/NiMoO4 nanorods as a bifunctional catalyst for overall water splitting
Authors: Sajjad Saman , Wang Chao , Wang Xianfu , Ali Tariq , Qian Tao , Yan Chenglin
Published: August 2020

Due to their good conductivity and catalytic performance, Ni—Mo-based catalysts are well-established for highly effective water splitting. However, the know-how required to fabricate distinct interfaces and electronic structures for metal oxides is still a challenge, and the synergistic effect between metal and metal oxides that enhances electrocatalytic activity is still ambiguous. As described here, by controlling the lithium-induced conversion reaction of metal oxides, metal/metal-oxide composites with plentiful interfaces and prominent electrical interconnections were fabricated, which can boost active sites and accelerate mass transfer during electrocatalytic reactions. As a consequence, the superior catalytic activity of ECT-NiMo/NiMoO4 exhibited a low overpotential of 61 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction and 331 mV at 100 mA cm−2 for the oxygen evolution reaction. When integrated into a two-electrode system, the ECT-NiMo/NiMoO4 revealed a highly stable and efficient performance in overall water splitting. This work provides a promising approach to enhance the metallicity and electron redistribution of catalysts for numerous water-splitting applications and many other possibilities for energy storage devices.
Electrospinning synthesis of amorphous NiMoO4/graphene dendritic nanofibers as excellent anodes for sodium ion batteries
Authors: Zhao Jianguo , Hu Zhuan , Chen Shichao , Zhang Weiying , Liu Xianming
Published: August 2020

Metal molybdates have attracted considerable attention as promising anode materials for sodium ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high theoretical specific capacity and excellent electrochemical performance. However, their low rate capacity and rapid capacity attenuation hinder their application in SIBs. Here, amorphous NiMoO4/graphene nanofibers were prepared via an electrospinning method. The electrochemical performance of NiMoO4 was first reported as the anode for SIBs. Amazingly, the amorphous NiMoO4/graphene delivered an outstanding specific capacity of 260 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA g−1 at a potential range from 0.01–2.7 V and an excellent rate performance of 160 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1. The superior electrochemical properties of amorphous NiMoO4 can be ascribed to its amorphous structure and reduced diffusion distance, and the strong synergy of NiMoO4 and graphene.
Ultra-stretchable on-body-based soft triboelectric nanogenerator for electronic skin
Authors: Park Jiwon , Kim Daeun , Kim Youn Tae
Published: August 2020

Recently, there has been a rapidly growing interest in the application of electronic skins and wearable sensors that can be attached to the human skin or the curved parts of the human body, owing to their flexibility and elasticity. However, developing a power supply to drive such devices is a significant challenge. An on-body-based soft triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), which can be attached to the skin and generate energy from any type of motion, is proposed to address this challenge. The manufacturing process of the proposed device is simpler than that of a similar previously developed TENG. The proposed on-body-based soft TENG is ultra-thin and has a thickness of approximately 200 μm. Au-coated yarn, which acted as an electrode, was formed on the elastomeric substrate in a serpentine form, exhibiting high elasticity (>100%) and stable properties without distortion, even after experiencing repeated deformation. Attached to the back of the hand, TENG generated 150 mW m−2 power and demonstrated practical application potential because it could charge the storage element while operating the electronic device. Additionally, it was attached to different parts of the body to harvest energy with strong adhesion, even under various motions. The on-body-based soft TENG can be used as a thin and flexible soft power source for replacing existing bulk batteries and can also serve as an essential core device in various fields related to electronic skin and flexible electronic devices.
Characterization and modeling of temperature effect on the shear mode properties of magnetorheological elastomers
Authors: Hemmatian Masoud , Sedaghati Ramin , Rakheja Subhash
Published: August 2020

The temperature dependency of the viscoelastic properties of magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) operating in the shear mode was experimentally investigated under broad ranges of strain amplitude, excitation frequency, and applied magnetic field. Experiments were performed with isotropic MRE samples with

25
%

volume fraction of carbonyl iron particles dispersed in the silicone rubber matrix under controlled temperature, ranging from

−
10

∘

C

to

50

∘

C

together with different levels of magnetic field density (

0

to

1.0

T

). The results revealed significant effect of temperature on the linear and nonlinear viscoelastic properties of MREs, in addition to the effects of strain amplitude, rate, and applied magnetic flux density. The temperature dependency of mechanical properties of an unfilled rubber matrix was also measured, which served as a reference. The shear properties of the MRE revealed reductions in both the storage and loss moduli with increasing temperature. The temperature dependency of the MRE, however, diminished under shear strain in excess of the critical strain. The results also revealed more pronounced temperature effect at higher temperatures and excitation frequencies, while it was relatively lesser with increasing magnetic field. Increase in temperature resulted in enhanced magnetorheological effect, while a clear trend with regard to the excitation frequency could not be established. Finally, a phenomenological model has been developed to predict the storage and loss moduli of the MRE as a function of excitation frequency, applied magnetic flux density, and temperature. The superb performance of the proposed model in predicting viscoelastic moduli under various operating and environmental conditions has been demonstrated through comparison of the experimental and simulation results.
A simple screening current simulation method using equivalent circuit model for REBCO pancake coils
Authors: Noguchi So , Imai Teki , Park Dongkeun , Hahn Seungyong , Iwasa Yukikazu
Published: August 2020

The screening current induced in rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) tape generates an unwanted irregular magnetic field. The screening current-induced field (SCIF) is a challenging issue for MRI, NMR, and accelerators magnet composed of REBCO coils. A few FEM-based simulation methods have been proposed to estimate the SCIF; however, they require a long computation time.

Recently, we have proposed a simple SCIF computation method based on the self and mutual inductances of REBCO pancake coils and screening current radial paths on the top and bottom of pancake coils. The accuracy of the proposed method is not excellent; however, the computation time is quite short. In this paper, we report an equivalent circuit model that includes the self and mutual inductances of a REBCO pancake coil and screening current radial path. Moreover, with this proposed method, we can compute the SCIF of no-insulation (NI) REBCO pancake coils, which is not the case with the previously proposed FEM-based simulation method. The proposed method has been validated by experimentation. The proposed method is available online.
Pinning properties of FeSeTe thin film through multifrequency measurements of the surface impedance
Authors: Pompeo N , Torokhtii K , Alimenti A , Sylva G , Braccini V , Silva E
Published: August 2020

We present high frequency measurements of the vortex dynamics of a FeSe
x
Te1 − x
(x = 0.5) thin film grown on a CaF2 substrate and with a critical temperature T

c
≃ 18  K, performed by means of a dual frequency dielectric resonator at 16.4 GHz and 26.6 GHz. We extract and discuss various important vortex parameters related to the pinning properties of the sample, such as the characteristic frequency ν

c
, the pinning constant k

p
and the pinning barrier height U relevant for creep phenomena. We find that the vortex system is in the single-vortex regime, and that pinning attains relatively high values in terms of k

p
, indicating significant pinning at the high frequencies here studied. The pinning barrier energy U is quite small and exhibits a non-monotonous temperature dependence with a maximum near 12 K. This result is discussed in terms of core pinning of small portion of vortices of size

∝

ξ
3

jumping out of the pinning wells over very small distances, a process which is favoured in the high frequency, short ranged vortex oscillations here explored.
Generalized uncertainty principle and black hole thermodynamics *
Authors: Pu Jin , Mao Qin-Bin , Jiang Qing-Quan , Yu Jing-Xia , Zu Xiao-Tao
Published: August 2020

Banerjee-Ghosh's work shows that the singularity problem can be naturally avoided by the fact that black hole evaporation stops when the remnant mass is greater than the critical mass when including the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) effects with first- and second-order corrections. In this paper, we first follow their steps to reexamine Banerjee-Ghosh's work, but we find an interesting result: the remnant mass is always equal to the critical mass at the final stage of black hole evaporation with the inclusion of the GUP effects. Then, we use Hossenfelder's GUP, i.e., another GUP model with higher-order corrections, to restudy the final evolution behavior of the black hole evaporation, and we confirm the intrinsic self-consistency between the black hole remnant and critical masses once more. In both cases, we also find that the thermodynamic quantities are not singular at the final stage of black hole evaporation.
A massless scalar field in Robertson-Walker spacetimes: Adiabatic regularization and Green’s function *
Authors: Zhang Yang , Wang Bo , Ye Xuan
Published: August 2020

We study adiabatic regularization of a coupling massless scalar field in general spatially flat Robertson-Walker (RW) spacetimes. For the conformal coupling, the 2nd-order regularized power spectrum and 4th-order regularized stress tensor are zero, and no trace anomaly exists in general RW spacetimes. This is a new result that exceeds those found in de Sitter space. For the minimal coupling, the regularized spectra are also zero in the radiation-dominant and matter-dominant stages, as well as in de Sitter space. The vanishing of these adiabatically regularized spectra is further confirmed by direct regularization of the Green's function. For a general coupling and general RW spacetimes, the regularized spectra can be negative under the conventional prescription. At a higher order of regularization, the spectra will generally become positive, but will also acquire IR divergence, which is inevitable for a massless field. To avoid the IR divergence, the inside-horizon regularization is applied. Through these procedures, nonnegative UV- and IR-convergent power spectrum and spectral energy density will eventually be achieved.
Differences in snow-induced radiative forcing estimated from satellite and reanalysis surface albedo datasets over the Northern Hemisphere landmass for the overlapping period of 1982–2012
Authors: Xiaona Chen , Shunlin Liang , Yaping Yang
Published: August 2020

The snow-induced radiative forcing (SnRF) measures the instantaneous perturbation to Earth’s shortwave radiation at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) caused by the presence of snow cover. Land surface albedo (a
s) is a key parameter in estimation of SnRF. Previous studies have focused on using satellite or reanalysis a
s data in SnRF quantifications. However, their spatial and temporal differences remain unclear. In this study, SnRF over the Northern Hemisphere (NH) estimates from two satellite and four reanalysis a
s datasets were compared for the overlapping period of 1982–2012. The 31-year annual-mean SnRF was estimated at −1.81 to −1.59 W m−2 from satellite a
s datasets, with a peak of −4.01 W m−2 and Standard Deviation (SD) of 1.54 W m−2 in April. The comparable SnRF from reanalysis a
s was −1.48 to −2.30 W m−2, with a peak of −4.77 W m−2 and SD of 0.81 W m−2 in the same month. In the seasonal cycle, SnRF from satellite a
s displayed lower values from October to January, but higher values from February to July, compared with SnRF using reanalysis a
s. Moreover, the annual-mean SnRF declined by 0.39–1.25 W m−2 during 1982–2012 from satellite a
s datasets, which is much smaller than the results using reanalysis a
s datasets. Furthermore, changes in monthly-mean SnRF from satellite a
s displayed an enhance trend in snow accumulation seasons, which are largely different with the comparable changes from reanalysis-based SnRF, indicating that there are large interannual and intra-annual biases between SnRF estimates from satellite and reanalysis a
s datasets. Based on above results, we conclude that the large discrepancies between SnRF estimations from satellite and reanalysis a
s should be considered in evaluating the response and feedback of snow cover to Earth climate change in future studies, especially in radiation budget anomalies.
Inkjet-printed Ti3C2Tx MXene electrodes for multimodal cutaneous biosensing
Authors: Saleh Abdulelah , Wustoni Shofarul , Bihar Eloise , El-Demellawi Jehad K , Zhang Yizhou , Hama Adel , Druet Victor , Yudhanto Arief , Lubineau Gilles , Alshareef Husam N , Inal Sahika
Published: August 2020

Among the existing two-dimensional materials, MXenes, i.e. transition metal carbides, nitrides and/or carbonitrides, stand out for their excellent electrochemical properties. Due to their high charge storage capacity, metal-like conductivity, biocompatibility as well as hydrophilicity, Ti3C2Tx MXene-based inks hold great potential for scalable production of skin conformable electronics via direct printing methods. Herein, we develop an aqueous MXene ink and inkjet-print MXene films on freestanding, flexible, and conducting polymer-based substrates. These skin-adherent MXene electrodes detect electrocardiography signals with high signal-to-noise ratio while exhibiting preserved electrical performance after 1000 cycles of bending with a 50 d long shelf life in ambient conditions. We show that printed MXene films can be further functionalized to perform as multifunctional biosensing units. When integrated with a sodium (Na+) ion selective membrane, MXene electrodes detect Na+ in artificial sweat with a sensitivity of 40 mV per decade. When the films are functionalized with antibodies, they generate an electrical signal in response to a pro-inflammatory cytokine protein (interferon gamma) with a sensitivity of 3.9 mV per decade. Our findings demonstrate how inkjet-printed MXene films simplify the fabrication of next-generation wearable electronic platforms that comprise multimodal sensors.
Application of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Vuong Huy Gia , Suzuki Ayana , Na Hee Young , Tuyen Pham Van , Khuy Doan Minh , Nguyen Hiep Canh , Jitpasutham Tikamporn , Abelardo Agustina , Amano Takashi , Park So Yeon , Jung Chan Kwon , Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Katoh Ryohei , Kakudo Kennichi , Bychkov Andrey
Published: August 2020

Objectives

We aimed to provide the Asian experience with the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) in pediatric thyroid nodules.

Methods

Consecutive thyroid fine-needle aspirates (patient age, ≤18 years) were retrospectively collected from 7 tertiary centers in 5 Asian countries.

Results

Of 194,364 thyroid aspirates, 0.6% were pediatric cases (mean age, 15.0 years). Among 827 nodules with accessible follow-up, the resection rate and risk of malignancy (ROM) were 36.3% and 59.0%, respectively. Malignant nodules (n = 179) accounted for 59.7% of resected nodules and 21.6% of all thyroid nodules with available follow-up. Compared with the published adult series, pediatric nodules had a higher resection rate and ROM, particularly in the indeterminate categories.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates that Asian pediatric thyroid nodules had higher ROM than those from adults. The prototypic outputs of TBSRTC may need to be adjusted in the pediatric population.
MCCS, a novel characterization method for protein–ligand complex
Authors: Chen Maozi , Feng Zhiwei , Wang Siyi , Lin Weiwei , Xie Xiang-Qun
Published: August 2020

Delineating the fingerprint or feature vector of a receptor/protein will facilitate the structural and biological studies, as well as the rational design and development of drugs with high affinities and selectivity. However, protein is complicated by its different functional regions that can bind to some of its protein partner(s), substrate(s), orthosteric ligand(s) or allosteric modulator(s) where cogent methods like molecular fingerprints do not work well. We here elaborate a scoring-function-based computing protocol Molecular Complex Characterizing System to help characterize the binding feature of protein–ligand complexes. Based on the reported receptor-ligand interactions, we first quantitate the energy contribution of each individual residue which may be an alternative of MD-based energy decomposition. We then construct a vector for the energy contribution to represent the pattern of the ligand recognition at a receptor and qualitatively analyze the matching level with other receptors. Finally, the energy contribution vector is explored for extensive use in similarity and clustering. The present work provides a new approach to cluster proteins, a perspective counterpart for determining the protein characteristics in the binding, and an advanced screening technique where molecular docking is applicable.
Soil and plant outcomes of harvesting a Noongar staple geophyte in south-western Australia
Authors: Lullfitz Alison , Pettersen Carol , Knapp Lynette , Hopper Stephen D
Published: August 2020

Geophytes are a considerable component of Southwest Australian flora and thus, unsurprisingly, feature heavily in the diets and culture of Noongar First Nations people of this old, climatically buffered, infertile landscape-dominated global biodiversity hotspot. Of ~650 geophyte species recorded in south-western Australia, 90 are known traditional Noongar foods. Despite the significant role of geophytes in Noongar traditional lives, there is little published knowledge of the ecological effects of harvesting geophytes. We measured and observed soil and plant outcomes of tuber harvest for two Noongar staple species of Platysace Bunge to test whether it improved soil conditions for plant growth and/or aided tuber availability, as suggested for other Australian Aboriginal root crops. Harvesting of Platysace deflexa led to increases in some soil nutrient levels and, unexpectedly, to an increase in bulk density. Platysace deflexa stem abundance was restored to the pre-harvest level within 1 year post-harvest, whereas tuber weight and volume were less than pre-harvest levels after 2 years. A post-harvest increase in the proportion of small tubers in crops suggests that harvest has a renewing and homogenizing effect on tubers. Site-based differences in post-harvest P. deflexa and Platysace trachymenioides quantity of tubers were consistent with preferential harvest of some populations by present-day Noongar families and their ancestors.
A Probabilistic Functional Atlas of Human Occipito-Temporal Visual Cortex
Authors: Rosenke Mona , van Hoof Rick , van den Hurk Job , Grill-Spector Kalanit , Goebel Rainer
Published: August 2020

Human visual cortex contains many retinotopic and category-specific regions. These brain regions have been the focus of a large body of functional magnetic resonance imaging research, significantly expanding our understanding of visual processing. As studying these regions requires accurate localization of their cortical location, researchers perform functional localizer scans to identify these regions in each individual. However, it is not always possible to conduct these localizer scans. Here, we developed and validated a functional region of interest (ROI) atlas of early visual and category-selective regions in human ventral and lateral occipito-temporal cortex. Results show that for the majority of functionally defined ROIs, cortex-based alignment results in lower between-subject variability compared to nonlinear volumetric alignment. Furthermore, we demonstrate that 1) the atlas accurately predicts the location of an independent dataset of ventral temporal cortex ROIs and other atlases of place selectivity, motion selectivity, and retinotopy. Next, 2) we show that the majority of voxel within our atlas is responding mostly to the labeled category in a left-out subject cross-validation, demonstrating the utility of this atlas. The functional atlas is publicly available (download.brainvoyager.com/data/visfAtlas.zip) and can help identify the location of these regions in healthy subjects as well as populations (e.g., blind people, infants) in which functional localizers cannot be run.
Superior Parietal Lobule: A Role in Relative Localization of Multiple Different Elements
Authors: Vialatte A , Yeshurun Y , Khan A Z , Rosenholtz R , Pisella L
Published: August 2020

Simultanagnosia is an impairment in processing multiple visual elements simultaneously consecutive to bilateral posterior parietal damage, and neuroimaging data have specifically implicated the superior parietal lobule (SPL) in multiple element processing. We previously reported that a patient with focal and bilateral lesions of the SPL performed slower than controls in visual search but only for stimuli consisting of separable lines. Here, we further explored this patient’s visual processing of plain object (colored disk) versus object consisting of separable lines (letter), presented in isolation (single object) versus in triplets. Identification of objects was normal in isolation but dropped to chance level when surrounded by distracters, irrespective of eccentricity and spacing. We speculate that this poor performance reflects a deficit in processing objects’ relative locations within the triplet (for colored disks), aggravated by a deficit in processing the relative location of each separable line (for letters). Confirming this, performance improved when the patient just had to detect the presence of a specific colored disk within the triplets (visual search instruction), while the inability to identify the middle letter was alleviated when the distracters were identical letters that could be grouped, thereby reducing the number of ways individual lines could be bound.
The Event-Related Potentials Responding to Outcome Valence and Expectancy Violation during Feedback Processing
Authors: Gu Yan , Liu Tianliang , Zhang Xuemeng , Long Quanshan , Hu Na , Zhang Yi , Chen Antao
Published: August 2020

Feedback-related negativity (FRN) is believed to encode reward prediction error (RPE), a term describing whether the outcome is better or worse than expected. However, some studies suggest that it may reflect unsigned prediction error (UPE) instead. Some disagreement remains as to whether FRN is sensitive to the interaction of outcome valence and prediction error (PE) or merely responsive to the absolute size of PE. Moreover, few studies have compared FRN in appetitive and aversive domains to clarify the valence effect or examine PE’s quantitative modulation. To investigate the impact of valence and parametrical PE on FRN, we varied the prediction and feedback magnitudes within a probabilistic learning task in valence (gain and loss domains, Experiment 1) and non-valence contexts (pure digits, Experiment 2). Experiment 3 was identical to Experiment 1 except that some blocks emphasized outcome valence, while others highlighted predictive accuracy. Experiments 1 and 2 revealed a UPE encoder; Experiment 3 found an RPE encoder when valence was emphasized and a UPE encoder when predictive accuracy was highlighted. In this investigation, we demonstrate that FRN is sensitive to outcome valence and expectancy violation, exhibiting a preferential response depending on the dimension that is emphasized.
Successful transition to a market economy: an interpretation from organizational ecology theory and institutional theory
Authors: Tran Hien Thu , Santarelli Enrico
Published: August 2020

This article investigates the rationales for the successful economic transition in a transition country through the lens of organizational ecology theory and institutional theory. Initially, the new private sector emerges and survives because of “legitimacy spillovers” from the legitimized transitional mixed sector and some market-oriented identity overlap. Over time, as the private sector builds its own legitimacy, it competes with the state and the mixed sector and challenges their existence. Finally, the Schumpeterian “creative destruction” process replaces the old out-of-date sectors with the new dominant sector. Consistent with organizational ecology theory, the evolution and dynamics of the three economic sectors take place through their interactions, which determine the emergence, prominence, decline, and exit of firm populations in each sector. Depending on whether a centrally planned or market-oriented political legacy plays the dominant role in the regional environment where the transition takes place, local institutions play a moderating role in stimulating or hindering this evolution process. Empirically, we test this mechanism using census data for firms operating in Vietnam between 2000 and 2013, applying Blundell and Bond’s generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation technique and the piecewise exponential hazard model to study the interaction effects of economic sectors in terms of profitability and survival.
Devotion at Sub-National Level: Ramadan, Nighttime Lights, and Religiosity in the Egyptian Governorates
Authors: Ciftci Sabri , Robbins Michael , Zaytseva Sofya
Published: August 2020

This study aims to construct reliable measures of religiosity and to cross-validate survey-based measures in operationalization of this central variable. We obtain measures of sub-national religiosity in the Egyptian governorates from the Arab Barometer surveys using disaggregation and multilevel regression and post-stratification techniques. Then, we use satellite imagery to compare these measures to the intensity of nighttime lights during the holy month of Ramadan. Although not designed to be fully representative, the analysis reveals that survey data at the sub-national level can provide approximate measures when aggregated. These findings contribute to scholarship by introducing a novel measure of religiosity based on nighttime activity during Ramadan and by cross-validating the reliability of survey-based measures of aggregate religiosity.