bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of varied tillage practices and phosphorus fertilization regimes on wheat yield and grain quality parameters in a five-year corn-wheat rotation system
Authors: Ahmadi Hadi , Mirseyed Hosseini Hossein , Moshiri Farhad , Alikhani Hossein Ali , Etesami Hassan
Published: June 2024

Choosing appropriate tillage methods and applying the right amount of chemical fertilizers are pivotal for optimizing wheat management and enhancing wheat quality. This study investigated the influence of conservation agriculture and phosphorus levels on nutrient content, yield components, and quality traits of wheat in a corn-wheat rotation. Conducted over five years in field conditions, the study employed a randomized complete block design with tillage treatments (conventional tillage, CT; minimum tillage, MT; and no tillage, NT) and phosphorus levels (no fertilizer use, P0; and 100% fertilizer recommendation, PR) as factors. Soil samples were collected during the fourth year (2021–2022). Results revealed significant impacts of tillage methods and phosphorus levels on wheat straw and grain nutrient composition, yield components, and quality traits. Conventional tillage yielded the highest values for protein content (12%), Zeleny sedimentation volume (20.33 mL), hardness index (45), water absorption (64.12%), and wet gluten content (25.83%). Additionally, phosphorus fertilizer application positively influenced protein percentage, gluten weight, and gluten index. The study highlights the potential of strategic soil management, particularly conventional tillage combined with phosphorus fertilization, to enhance wheat quality and yield. By elucidating these relationships, the findings contribute to optimizing wheat cultivation practices and advancing the development of superior wheat cultivars for baking applications.
Analyzing the impact of the size of fluoro and chloro substituents on induced mesomorphism in hydrogen bonded liquid crystals
Authors: Sonali M. K. , Sinha Rajeev K. , Peter Silpa Elizabeth , Kumar N. V. Anil , Mazumder Nirmal , Melanthota Sindhoora Kaniyala , Nazrulla Mohammed Azeezulla , Bhagavath Poornima
Published: June 2024

This study explores the effects of both size and position of halo substituents on the mesomorphic behaviour of hydrogen-bonded liquid crystals.
Roles of the oncometabolite enantiomers of 2-hydroxyglutarate and their metabolism by diverse dehydrogenases
Authors: Garcia Ivelitza , Cornely Kathleen , Peterson Celeste N. , Berkmen Melanie B.
Published: June 2024

2-Hydroxyglutarate (2HG) is an oncometabolite that can contribute to tumor progression. Two enantiomer forms, L-2HG and D-2HG, arise from independent pathways starting from the precursor α-ketoglutarate (αKG). L-2HG production occurs through the promiscuous activities of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) under acidic and/or hypoxic conditions. D-2HG frequently accumulates by gain-of-function mutations in the genes encoding two isoforms of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1 and IDH2). Cognate metabolite repair enzymes, L- and D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenases, oxidize the enantiomers and cause abnormally high 2HG accumulation and disease when mutated. Elevated levels of either oncometabolite affect redox homeostasis, metabolism, and immune system functioning. Moreover, the oncometabolites inhibit several α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases resulting in epigenetic changes such as DNA and histone hypermethylation as well as deficiencies in DNA repair. L-2HG, and D-2HG in some cases, inhibit degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1α), a transcription factor that alters gene expression to adapt to hypoxic conditions, favoring tumorigenesis. Patients with the rare disease 2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (2HGA) have exceedingly high levels of 2HG, which is neurotoxic, causing developmental delays and brain abnormalities. D-2HG also has specific effects on collagen production and NADPH pools. Recently, D-2HG has been targeted in new chemotherapies aimed at disrupting the gain-of-function IDH1 and IDH2 mutants, resulting in successful clinical trials for several cancers.
What ultracold atoms tell us about the real-time dynamics of QCD in extreme conditions
Authors: Berges Jürgen
Published: June 2024

I review developments of how compact table-top setups with ultracold atoms can help us to understand the more complex real-time dynamics of QCD probed in heavy-ion collision experiments.
Discoveries in ultra-peripheral collisions: Past, present, future
Authors: Brandenburg James Daniel
Published: June 2024

Ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions produce extremely strong electromagnetic field which provide a uniquely intense and energetic source of photons. The photons manifest from such ultra-Lorentz contracted electromagnetic fields have, in recent years, enabled unique advances in Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) and Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). This manuscript summarizes recent progress across the experimental and theoretical landscape as of 2023 and ends with a look to possible future advancements.
The physics of the EIC
Authors: Staśto Anna
Published: June 2024

In this presentation I will give brief overview of the main physics topics which will be explored at the new Deep Inelastic Scattering facility, the Electron Ion Collider (EIC), planned for the construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory in the United States.
Proton-cluster femtoscopy with the HADES experiment
Authors: Stefaniak Maria
Published: June 2024

The matter created in Ag+Ag collisions at √SNN = 2.55 GeV, as measured with the HADES experiment, can be characterized by similar thermodynamic quantities as Neutron Star Mergers, thus becoming an essential reference for the understanding of these compact stellar objects. One of the methods applied to investigate heavy-ion collisions are femtoscopic correlations. They are a unique tool for the determination of the interactions between hadrons and allow to search for possible exited or unbound states of nuclear matter. We performed precise experimental studies of the correlations between protons and different clusters and compared them with the existing theoretical descriptions.
Dynamics of causal hydrodynamic fluctuations in an expanding system
Authors: Fujii Shin-ei , Hirano Tetsufumi
Published: June 2024

We develop a framework of causal hydrodynamic fluctuations in onedimensional expanding system performing linearisation of the hydrodynamic equations around the boost invariant solution. Through the description of spacetime evolution of thermodynamic variables and flow velocity, we find a novel phenomenon that the structure of thermodynamic variables is almost frozen. We also show that two-particle correlation functions of final hadrons after freezeout are closely related with the mass of hadrons and properties of the medium such as viscosity, relaxation time and equation of state.
Bulk viscosity transport coefficients in neutron star mergers
Authors: Yang Yumu , Hippert Mauricio , Speranza Enrico , Noronha Jorge
Published: June 2024

We compute first and second-order bulk-viscous transport properties due to weak-interaction processes in npe matter in the neutrino transparent regime. The transport coefficients characterize the out-of-beta-equilibrium pressure corrections, which depend on the weak-interaction rates and the equation of state. We calculate these coefficients for realistic equations of state and show they are sensitive to changes in the nuclear symmetry energy J and its slope L.
Sphaleron damping and effects on normal and anomalous charge transport in high-temperature QCD plasmas
Authors: de Bruin Lillian , Schlichting Sören
Published: June 2024

We modify the hydrodynamic equations of a relativistic chiral plasma to account for dissipative effects due to QCD sphaleron transitions. By analyzing the linearized hydrodynamic equations, we show that sphaleron transitions lead to nontrivial effects on vector and axial charge transport phenomena in the presence of a magnetic field. Notably, dissipative effects of sphaleron transitions lead to the emergence of a wavenumber threshold that characterizes the onset of Chiral Magnetic Waves. Sphaleron damping also significantly impacts the time evolution of both vector and axial charge perturbations in the presence of a magnetic field. We further investigate the dependence of charge separation on the rate of sphaleron transitions, which may have implications for the experimental search for the Chiral Magnetic Effect in heavy ion collisions.
Influence of globally spin-aligned vector mesons to the measurements of the chiral magnetic effect in heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Shen Diyu , Chen Jinhui , Tang Aihong , Wang Gang
Published: June 2024

The chiral magnetic effect (CME) in high-energy heavy-ion collisions arises from the interplay between the chirality imbalance and the intense magnetic field and will cause a charge separation along the magnetic field direction. While the CME search is still ongoing in experiments, the non-CME contributions need to be excluded from the CME observables. In this work, we examine the influence of globally spin-aligned ρ mesons on the γ112 correlator, the RΨ2(ΔS) correlator, and the signed balance functions, via a toy model and a multiphase transport model (AMPT). We find that the CME observables are sensitive to the 00-component of the spin density matrix, ρ00: they receive positive (negative) contributions when ρ00 is larger (smaller) than 1/3.
Interplay of baryonic chiral partners in fluctuations of netbaryon number density
Authors: Marczenko Michał , Koch Volker , Redlich Krzysztof , Sasaki Chihiro
Published: June 2024

In this contribution, we use the parity doublet model to investigate the fluctuations of the net-baryon number density. We discuss the systematics of the susceptibilities and their ratios for nucleons of positive and negative parity, as well as their correlator. We demonstrate that the fluctuations of positiveparity nucleon do not reflect the fluctuations of the total net-baryon number at the chiral phase transition.
Spinodal enhancement of fluctuations in nucleus-nucleus collisions
Authors: Poberezhnyuk Roman , Savchuk Oleh , Vovchenko Volodymyr , Kuznietsov Volodymyr , Steinheimer Jan , Gorenstein Mark , Stoecker Horst
Published: June 2024

Subensemble Acceptance Method (SAM) [1, 2] is an essential link between measured event-by-event fluctuations and their grand canonical theoretical predictions such as lattice QCD. The method allows quantifying the global conservation law effects in fluctuations. In its basic formulation, SAM requires a sufficiently large system such as created in central nucleus-nucleus collisions and sufficient space-momentum correlations. Directly in the spinodal region of the First Order Phase Transition (FOPT) different approximations should be used that account for finite size effects. Thus, we present the generalization of SAM applicable in both the pure phases, metastable and unstable regions of the phase diagram [3]. Obtained analytic formulas indicate the enhancement of fluctuations due to crossing the spinodal region of FOPT and are tested using molecular dynamics simulations. A rather good agreement is observed. Using transport model calculations with interaction potential we show that the spinodal enhancement of fluctuations survives till the later stages of collision via the memory effect [4]. However, at low collision energies the space-momentum correlation is not strong enough for this signal to be transferred to second and third order cumulants measured in momentum subspace. This result agrees well with recent HADES data on proton number fluctuations at √SNN = 2.4 GeV which are found to be consistent with the binomial momentum space acceptance [5].
Direct photon pT spectra and correlations measured with ALICE
Authors: Arata Carolina
Published: June 2024

This contribution discusses the measurements of direct photons in pp and Pb–Pb collisions from the LHC Run 2, as recorded by the ALICE experiment. Specifically, we focus on the isolated photons results obtained at √SNN = 5.02 TeV. The isolated photons γiso spectra in pp and Pb–Pb collisions are presented together with the nuclear modification factor, that is found to be consistent with unity. The azimuthal correlations of γiso with hadrons in Pb–Pb and the hadron zT distributions D(zT) are presented, showing a centralitydependent suppression compared to the pQCD NLO pp reference.
Coherent J/ψ photoproduction and polarization in peripheral Pb−Pb collisions
Authors: Shatat Afnan
Published: June 2024

Photonuclear reactions are induced by the strong electromagnetic field generated by ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. These processes have been extensively studied in ultraperipheral collisions, where the impact parameter is larger than twice the nuclear radius. In recent years, the observation of coherent J/ψ photoproduction at very low transverse momentum has been claimed in nucleus−nucleus (A−A) collisions with nuclear overlap, based on the measurement of an excess in the J/ψ yield with respect to hadroproduction expectations. Such quarkonium measurements can help to constrain the nuclear gluon distribution at low Bjorken-x and high energy. The photoproduced quarkonium is expected to preserve the polarization of the incoming photon due to the s-channel helicity conservation. In this contribution, we report on the new preliminary measurements of the y-differential cross section and the first polarization analysis of coherently photoproduced J/ψ in peripheral Pb−Pb collisions with the ALICE detector at forward rapidity in the dimuon decay channel. Comparison with models will be shown when available.
Measurement of low-pT direct-photons with PHENIX
Authors: Doomra Vassu
Published: June 2024

Photons provide snapshots of the evolution of relativistic heavy-ion collisions as they are emitted at all stages and do not interact with the medium strongly. With RHIC, measurements of low momentum direct-photons are made possible across different system sizes and beam energies. An excess of direct-photons, above the prompt photon production from hard scattering processes, is observed for a system size corresponding to dNch/dη of 20-30, with a large azimuthal anisotropy and a characteristic dependence on collision centrality. In addition to the results for direct-photon spectra, azimuthal anisotropies of direct-photons in Au+Au collisions at √SNN = 200 GeV are also discussed, thereby, shedding light on the long-standing direct-photon puzzle.
Electromagnetic probes for critical fluctuations of phase transitions in dense QCD
Authors: Nishimura Toru , Kitazawa Masakiyo , Kunihiro Teiji
Published: June 2024

We study how the dilepton production rates and electric conductivity are affected by the phase transition to color superconductivity and the QCD critical point. Effects of the soft modes associated with these phase transitions are incorporated through the photon self-energy called the Aslamazov- Larkin, Maki-Thompson, and density-of-states terms, which are responsible for the paraconductivity in metallic superconductors. We show that anomalous enhancements of the production rate in the low energy/momentum region and the conductivity occur around the respective critical points.
Beam energy and system size dependence of heavy flavor production at STAR
Authors: Wang Yan
Published: June 2024

We report the measurements of quarkonia (J/ψ and ψ(2S)) in heavyion collisions via the e+e− decay channel at midrapidity (|y| < 1) by the STAR experiment. The centrality and transverse momentum dependence of the yield ratio of ψ(2S) to J/ψ is measured for the first time in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC. These results, together with the new measurement of collision energy dependence of inclusive J/ψ suppression in Au+Au collisions, allow for a systematic study of the quarkonium production in the medium. In addition, we present the first measurement of J/ψ polarization in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC in both the Helicity and the Collins-Soper frames, which provides a new insight for studying the properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma created in heavy-ion collisions.
Quarkonium production in high energy pp collisions
Authors: Zhao Jiaxing , Gossiaux Pol Bernard , Song Taesoo , Bratkovskaya Elena , Aichelin Jörg
Published: June 2024

We investigate the charmonium and bottomonium production in pp collisions using the Wigner densities formalism. The Wigner density of the quarkonia is approximated by analytical 3-D isotropic harmonic oscillator Wigner densities with the same root-mean-square radius given by the solution of the Schrödinger equation. This approach reproduces quite well the available experimental transverse momentum and rapidity distributions.
Event-by-event heavy-flavour dynamics: Estimating the spatial diffusion coefficient Ds from charm to the infinite mass limit
Authors: Minissale Vincenzo , Sambataro Maria Lucia , Plumari Salvatore , Greco Vincenzo
Published: June 2024

Quasi-Particle Model (QPM) has been developed to study charm quark dynamics in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions with good description of D mesons RAA(pT) and v2,3(pT) and leading to the evaluation of the spatial diffusion coefficient Ds(T). With an event-by-event full Boltzmann transport approach followed by a hybrid hadronization via coalescence plus fragmentation, we show RAA(pT), v2(pT) down to pT → 0 for D and B mesons. We find that QPM approach is able to correctly predict first available data on RAA(pT) and v2(pT) of single-electron from B mesons decays measured by ALICE. A significant breaking of the expected scaling of the thermalization time τth with MQ/T is found. Charm quark Ds(T) is about 50% larger than the asymptotic value for MQ → ∞, while the bottom Ds(T) is only 20% higher. In the infinite mass limit the Ds(T) is consistent with recent lQCD calculations with dynamical quarks.
Studying short-range nuclear correlations using relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Luzum Matthew , Picchetti João Paulo , Hippert Mauricio , Ollitrault Jean-Yves
Published: June 2024

Recently, a method was developed for implementing arbitrary shortrange nucleon-nucleon correlations in Monte Carlo sampled nuclei (as well as deformations of the 1-body nuclear density). We use this method to implement realistic 2-body correlations in a sample of nuclei for use in simulations of relativistic heavy-ion collisions and we quantify the statistical benefits. These results demonstrate that the method can be used to easily implement an arbitrary correlation function, and systematically study the effects of correlations using significantly less resources than is necessary with traditional methods.
Probing initial state effects in nuclear collisions via jet and top-quark measurements with the ATLAS detector
Authors: Potępa Patrycja
Published: June 2024

Proton-lead collisions at the Large Hadron Collider energies offer a unique possibility to investigate initial state effects in nuclear collisions. Thanks to its wide acceptance, ATLAS can measure several probes that can help characterise these effects over a wide kinematic range. By analyzing the centrality dependence of dijet production, it is possible to investigate the suppression of dijet events in central collisions compared to peripheral ones and correlate it to the kinematic of the parton-parton scattering, accessible via the measurement of both jets in the final state. Also, the first measurement of the inclusive crosssection for top-quark pair production in dilepton and lepton+jet decay modes is reported. This process is sensitive to effects at high Bjorken-x values, which are hard to access experimentally using other available probes, and thus provides complementary information on the behavior of nuclear parton densities. In 2016, the ATLAS experiment collected 165 nb−1 of proton-lead collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV per nucleon pair. In this article, new measurements of the centrality dependence of dijet production and the observation of top-quark pair production using this dataset are presented.
Quantum to classical parton evolution in the QGP
Authors: Barata João , Blaizot Jean-Paul , Mehtar-Tani Yacine
Published: June 2024

We study the time evolution of the density matrix of a high energy quark in the presence of a dense QCD background that is modeled as a stochastic Gaussian color field. At late times, we find that only the color singlet component of the quark’s reduced density matrix survives the in-medium evolution and that the density matrix becomes asymptotically diagonal in both transverse position and momentum spaces. In addition, we observe an accelerated entropy growth due to the larger phase space being explored by the quark and that the quantum and classical quark entropies converge at late times. We further observe that the quark state loses all memory of the initial condition. Combined with the fact that the reduced density matrix satisfies Boltzmann-diffusion transport, we conclude that the quark reduced density matrix can be interpreted as a classical phase space distribution.
Generalized angularities measurements from STAR at √SNN = 200 GeV
Authors: Pani Tanmay
Published: June 2024

Jets are produced in early stages of heavy-ion collisions and undergo modified showering in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) medium relative to a vacuum case. These modifications can be measured using observables like jet momentum profile and generalized angularities to study the details of jetmedium interactions. Jet momentum profile (ρ(r)) encodes radially differential information about jet broadening and has shown migration of charged energy towards the jet periphery in Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC. Measurements of generalized angularities (girth g and momentum dispersion pTD) and LeSub (difference between leading and subleading constituents) from Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC show harder, or more quark-like jet fragmentation, in the presence of the medium. Measuring these distributions in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC will help us further characterize the jet-medium interactions in a phase-space region complimentary to that of the LHC. In this contribution, we present the first measurements of fully corrected g, pTD and LeSub observables using hard-core jets in Au+Au collisions at √SNN = 200 GeV, collected by the STAR experiment at RHIC.
Jet energy redistribution and broadening using hadron+jet measurements in pp and Pb–Pb collisions with ALICE
Authors: Norman Jaime
Published: June 2024

In this contribution we present measurements of the semi-inclusive distributions of charged jets recoiling from a trigger hadron (hadron+jet) in pp and Pb–Pb collisions, which provide unique probes of medium-induced modification of jet production. We observe that the jet yield at low pT and at large azimuthal angle between the trigger hadron and jet is significantly enhanced in Pb–Pb collisions with respect to pp collisions, which we interpret through comparisons to model calculations.
Photon-triggered jets as probes of multi-stage jet modification
Authors: Sirimanna Chathuranga , Tachibana Yasuki
Published: June 2024

Prompt photons are created in the early stages of heavy ion collisions and traverse the QGP medium without any interaction. Therefore, photontriggered jets can be used to study the jet quenching in the QGP medium. In this work, photon-triggered jets are studied through different jet and jet substructure observables for different collision systems and energies using the JETSCAPE framework. Since the multistage evolution used in the JETSCAPE framework is adequate to describe a wide range of experimental observables simultaneously using the same parameter tune, we use the same parameters tuned for jet and leading hadron studies. The same isolation criteria used in the experimental analysis are used to identify prompt photons for better comparison. For the first time, high-accuracy JETSCAPE results are compared with multi-energy LHC and RHIC measurements to better understand the deviations observed in prior studies. This study highlights the importance of multistage evolution for the simultaneous description of experimental observables through different collision systems and energies using a single parameter tune.
Bulk flow and correlation measurements at LHCb
Authors: Wong Cheuk-Ping
Published: June 2024

Particle correlations are a powerful tool to study the properties of the bulk nuclear matter produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions. The momentum correlations between identical particles originating from the same particleemitting source, referred to as the Bose-Einstein correlations, measure scales that are related to the geometrical size of the source. The two-particle azimuthal angular correlations measure the spatial anisotropy of produced particles, providing information on collective phenomena arising in the dense nuclear medium. This contribution will discuss new LHCb measurements of Bose- Einstein correlations and, for the first time, the collective flow coefficients in the far forward rapidity region.
Anomalous kaon correlations measured in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC as evidence for the melting and refreezing of the QCD vacuum
Authors: Kapusta Joseph , Pratt Scott , Singh Mayank
Published: June 2024

Measurements of the dynamical correlations between neutral and charged kaons in central Pb-Pb collisions at √SNN = 2.76 TeV by the ALICE Collaboration display anomalous behavior relative to conventional heavy-ion collision simulators. We consider other conventional statistical models, none of which can reproduce the magnitude and centrality dependence of the correlations. The data can be reproduced by coherent emission from domains which grow in number and volume with increasing centrality. We study the dynamical evolution of the strange quark condensate and show that the energy released during the expansion and cooling of the system may be sufficient to explain the anomaly.
High-pT suppression in small systems
Authors: Faraday Coleridge , Horowitz W. A.
Published: June 2024

We present first results for leading hadron suppression in small collision systems, from a convolved radiative and collisional pQCD energy loss model which receives a short path length correction to the radiative energy loss. We find that the short path length correction is exceptionally large for light flavor final states at high-pT , for all system sizes. We numerically investigate the self-consistency of various assumptions underlying the radiative energy loss model, in an effort to understand the size of the short path length correction. This calculation shows that the large formation time assumption, which is utilized by most contemporary energy loss models, is invalid for a large portion of the phenomenologically relevant parameter space.
Far-from-equilibrium attractors for massive kinetic theory in the relaxation time approximation
Authors: Alalawi Huda , Strickland Michael
Published: June 2024

In this proceedings contribution, we summarize recent findings concerning the presence of early- and late-time attractors in non-conformal kinetic theory. We study the effects of varying both the initial momentum-space anisotropy and initialization times using an exact solution of the 0+1D boostinvariant Boltzmann equation with a mass- and temperature-dependent relaxation time. Our findings support the existence of a longitudinal pressure attractor, but they do not support the existence of distinct attractors for the bulk viscous and shear pressures. Considering a large set of integral moments, we show that for moments with greater than one power of longitudinal momentum squared, both early- and late-time attractors are present.
Non-hydrodynamic modes from linear response in kinetic theory
Authors: Ochsenfeld Stephan , Schlichting Sören
Published: June 2024

Viscous hydrodynamics serves as a successful mesoscopic description of the QGP produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. In order to investigate, how such an effective description emerges from the underlying microscopic dynamics we calculate the hydrodynamic and non-hydrodynamic modes of linear response in the sound channel from a first-principle calculation in kinetic theory. We do this with a new approach wherein we linearize and discretize the collision kernel to calculate eigenvalues directly. This allows us to study the Green’s functions at any point in time or frequency space. Our study focuses on scalar theory with quartic interaction and we find that the analytic structure of Green’s functions in the complex plane is far more complicated than just poles or cuts which is the first step towards an equivalent study in QCD kinetic theory.
Mapping the critical equation of state by resummations
Authors: Başar Gökçe
Published: June 2024

Determining the existence and the location of the QCD critical point remains a major goal in the heavy-ion collision experiments. A crucial theoretical input for achieving this goal is mapping the QCD equation of state in the presence of baryon chemical potential (μ) which at the moment is limited to small values of μ, away from the critical point. We present a new framework for reconstructing the equation of state from a truncated Taylor series expansion for small μ by using novel resummation techniques. We show how this resummation method can be used to (i) determine the location of the critical point and (ii) constrain the form of the critical contribution to the QCD equation of state which has a direct impact on the shape of the experimental signatures of the critical point. Using the recent lattice data from the HotQCD collaboration we estimate that Tc ≈ 100 MeV, μc ≈ 580 MeV, the crossover slope at the critical point α1 ≈ 9°, and further constrain the non-universal mapping parameters between the Ising model and QCD (scaling) equations of state.
Particle production in Au+Au collisions at beam energy scan II energies at STAR
Authors: Harasty Matthew
Published: June 2024

We report on measurements of light charged hadron production in Au+Au collisions at √SNN = 14.6, 19.6, 27, and 54.4 GeV from the second phase of the beam energy scan (BES-II) program at RHIC. Transverse mass spectra and rapidity density distributions of π±, K±, p, and ¯p are measured as a function of collision energy, centrality, and rapidity. This work extends the previously published BES-I mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.1) measurement to a rapidity of 0.9. This new rapidity dependence highlights the effects of baryon stopping for proton yields and the different production mechanisms of π± and K±. The relative abundance of these light hadrons indicates different thermodynamic environments at different energies, centralities, and rapidities. The temperature (T) and chemical potentials (μB and μS) at chemical freeze-out are reported with their dependence on rapidity to further understand the QCD phase diagram.
Exploring the spin structure of the nucleon at STAR
Authors: Lin Ting
Published: June 2024

Understanding the internal spin structure of the nucleon remains a challenge in strong interaction physics. The unique capability of RHIC opened new avenues in studying the internal structure of the proton with unprecedented depth and precision. Significant progress has been made in the last few years through various measurements at STAR. The longitudinal spin measurements have contributed significantly to our understanding of the quark and gluon helicity distributions inside the proton. The longitudinal double-spin asymmetry, ALL, from STAR inclusive jet and dijet measurements provides the first evidence of a positive gluon polarization with partonic momentum fraction x > 0.05. The reconstruction of W±/Z in longitudinally polarized proton-proton collisions indicates that there is a flavor separation of the light sea quark helicity distributions. In transversely polarized proton collisions, W±/Z-bosons provide the first constraint on the sea-quark Sivers function and contributes to the tests of the predicted sign change. The tilt of the dijet opening angle provides a direct access to the first Mellin momentum of the Sivers function and avoids the spin-correlated fragmentation contributions. The novel measurements of the azimuthal distributions of identified hadrons in jets and spin-dependent dihadron correlations directly probe the collinear quark transversity in the proton, with the former coupled to the transverse momentum dependent (TMD) Collins fragmentation function and the latter to the dihadron interference fragmentation function. These measurements shed lights on Sivers function, quark transversity and spin-dependent fragmentation functions in both collinear and TMD formalism. In this proceeding, recent jet results on both the longitudinal and transverse spin structure of the proton from STAR are presented.
Applications of Computer Vision in Transportation Systems: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Lin Yu-Kai , Tu Cheng-Yang , Kurosawa Leo , Liu Jia-He , Wang Yu-Zhi , Roy Debopriyo
Published: June 2024

This research presents a bibliometric analysis focusing on practical applications of computer vision in transportation systems. The study offers a nuanced understanding of the topic, emphasizing its relevance to areas such as traffic surveillance, management, and road safety. By synthesizing insights from various studies, the analysis provides a comprehensive overview that serves as a valuable foundation for informed decision-making by policymakers and practitioners. The discussion not only highlights current applications but also identifies gaps and limitations in the existing literature. Furthermore, the study offers future directions for the integration of computer vision technologies into diverse transportation scenarios and suggests innovative ideas to overcome current limitations.
Overcoming Fuzziness with Semantic Modeling and AI
Authors: Mueller Frank , Ziegler Wolfgang
Published: June 2024

Today, customer service in mechanical engineering struggles with a wide variety of challenges when it comes to providing relevant information for specific use cases. The information requirements of service technicians, on the other hand, have increased enormously. On the one hand due to increasingly complex products, but also due to the growing shortage of trained specialists. Fast and efficient provision of relevant information is essential. Remote assistance systems and portal solutions are being used to meet these challenges. A heterogeneous information landscape, characterized by data silos, makes this difficult. In a preliminary study, the authors have developed an approach based on the formalization of knowledge in knowledge graphs that bridges the data silos and thus enables efficient information provision by linking information based on use cases. However, this approach requires high data quality and suitable metadata concepts. Inaccuracies in classification systems create unwanted fuzziness when linking information. The study based on this shows how the fuzziness can be eliminated by supplementary modeling of context information and by extended modeling methods in the form of so-called DynaRules. The authors also compare how AI methods and DynaRules can be used to check the plausibility of deep links with potential fuzziness.
Using DynaRules to Integrate Context Information in Semantic Correlation Rules for Intelligent Content Delivery
Authors: Duss Yannik , Elbe Laura , Otter Lukas , Ziegler Wolfgang
Published: June 2024

In the past, information deliveries in technical communication were often considered as a normative duty, but has now grown into a knowledge-bearing and knowledge-transmitting medium by more modern approaches of dynamic content delivery. As described in a previous publication [1] implementing and working with semantic correlation rules and knowledge graphs enhances, for example, the contextual understanding of information and the technology of content delivery. The use of various established media technologies, which are explained in detail in this paper, prevents risks such as unclear information management and a lack of transparency. Companies must ensure that necessary information is provided in a simple and targeted manner where it is needed. Therefore, using an efficient system which provides detailed information about products, processes or services, a company is able to create, manage and deliver a high amount of information in a professional way. In an era where efficiency, innovation and speed set the tone, technologies have been developed on the market for creating and delivering content. In this paper we will moreover describe the possible interplay of recent IT architectures, non-linear DynaRules of semantic models and AI extensions to enable metadata-linked content effectively with reduced fuzziness according to the regarded context of intelligent content delivery and information services.
Dynamic Physics Educational Application for AR Environment
Authors: Shirai Kaho , Cohen Michael
Published: June 2024

We propose a physics simulation application designed for Augmented Reality (AR), aiming to help high school students understand physical concepts such as mass, gravity, and friction. This application incorporates real-time object movement on a ramp, vector modulation based on forces, and physics calculations using user-specified parameters. Users can observe how objects respond to physical laws expressed by relevant formulas, enhancing comprehension of fundamental principles. Our research aims to enhance physics education by delivering an immersive learning experience through mobile devices. Through this approach, we also seek to make physics more accessible for students, fostering a grasp of challenging concepts.
Semi-automatic A.I.-Specified Stereographic Scene Rendering Techniques Across Various Displays
Authors: Tanagi Shunsuke , Cohen Michael
Published: June 2024

Semi-automatic, A.I.-specified stereographic scene processing is achieved by extending Blender with ChatGPT. We can generate objects and set scenes in Blender semi-automatically by invoking appropriate text prompts. Stereography techniques include anaglyphy, chromastereoscopy, and side-by-side display using binocular viewing. One can create a similar scene by copying and pasting the prompt used. It cannot always work identically, but it behaves roughly the same. First, we established Skybox and added scene Objects (Camera, Cube, etc.) in 3D view, materials, and animation with prompt. Stereographic images are created semiautomatically and compared across some qualities. The goal of this research is to validate those various stereographic techniques as rendered automatically in Blender.
Thyroid Cartilage Metastases from Prostate Cancer on 18F PSMA PET CT: A Case Series
Authors: Loyal Poonamjeet , Gitau Samuel , Makhdomi Khalid
Published: June 2024

Prostate cancer metastases to the thyroid cartilage is an extremely rare phenomenon. We report three cases of advanced prostate carcinoma with metastases to the thyroid cartilage identified on 18F prostate-specific membrane antigen-1007 (PSMA-1007) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). The pathophysiology and possibility for under-reporting are also discussed. Prostate cancer metastases to the larynx should be considered in the differential diagnosis of thyroid cartilage lesions in patients with advanced prostate cancer and is associated with poor prognosis.
A taxonomy for business news audiences in MENA: a step in reducing information asymmetries
Authors: Alaqil Fisal
Published: June 2024

This study looks at how a possible categorization or taxonomy of the audiences that consume business and financial news could be a first step to setting policies and approaches to reduce information asymmetries in a region characterized by deep inequalities. This study looks at how changes in the way people access and use news, which now is predominantly via social media, opens the opportunity to address some of these gaps. The study is based on eight focus groups that took place in Egypt, Kuwait, Qatar, and Lebanon using Zoom. The overall data suggests that MENA audiences have shifted to social media as the main source from where they get their news, and this is significantly important for the future of the mainstream media, particularly in relation to our news beat. It also confirms that there is now an opportunity to categorize MENA business and financial news consumers, although it would be one that is extremely skewed in two tiers.
Scaling laws show paths for improving nuclear fusion yields
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: June 2024

Analytic models combined with 1D simulations provide a framework for improving the energy output of fusion reactions that could approach 100 megajoules of energy within a decade.
Multi-DG qZSI based grid tied inverters
Authors: Kadwane Sumant G. , Kumbhare Jyoti M.
Published: June 2024

The increasing adoption of distributed generation (DG) systems, driven by their numerous advantages, has led to a growing utilization of hybrid systems. Multilevel converters have emerged as essential components in power electronics applications, offering benefits such as harmonic reduction. However, designing effective control strategies for multilevel inverters presents challenges. This paper proposes a multi-DG quasi-Z-Source Inverter (qZSI) designed with a cascaded H-bridge controller. The incorporation of qZSI in the system enhances reliability and component safety while enabling the implementation of additional shoot-through control. This feature facilitates the balancing of inequalities arising from the two DG sources, thereby improving disturbance rejection. Furthermore, a current control scheme is implemented on the AC side to seamlessly feed active power into the grid without introducing distortions in current injection. Overall, the proposed system addresses key challenges in multilevel inverter design and offers a promising solution for efficient and reliable grid integration of DG systems. This work is thus useful in variety of applications, including electric vehicles and environment sustainability.
A hierarchy index for networks in the brain reveals a complex entangled organizational structure
Authors: Pathak Anand , Menon Shakti N. , Sinha Sitabhra
Published: June 2024

Networks involved in information processing often have their nodes arranged hierarchically, with the majority of connections occurring in adjacent levels. However, despite being an intuitively appealing concept, the hierarchical organization of large networks, such as those in the brain, is difficult to identify, especially in absence of additional information beyond that provided by the connectome. In this paper, we propose a framework to uncover the hierarchical structure of a given network, that identifies the nodes occupying each level as well as the sequential order of the levels. It involves optimizing a metric that we use to quantify the extent of hierarchy present in a network. Applying this measure to various brain networks, ranging from the nervous system of the nematode
Caenorhabditis elegans
to the human connectome, we unexpectedly find that they exhibit a common network architectural motif intertwining hierarchy and modularity. This suggests that brain networks may have evolved to simultaneously exploit the functional advantages of these two types of organizations, viz., relatively independent modules performing distributed processing in parallel and a hierarchical structure that allows sequential pooling of these multiple processing streams. An intriguing possibility is that this property we report may be common to information processing networks in general.
Hydrogel morphogenesis induced by force-controlled growth
Authors: Wang Zhi Jian , Lin Ji , Nakajima Tasuku , Gong Jian Ping
Published: June 2024

Morphogenesis is one of the most marvelous natural phenomena. The morphological characteristics of biological organs develop through growth, which is often triggered by mechanical force. In this study, we propose a bioinspired strategy for hydrogel morphogenesis through force-controlled chemical reaction and growth under isothermal conditions. We adopted a double network (DN) hydrogel with sacrificial bonds. Applying mechanical force to the gel caused deformation and sacrificial bond rupture. By supplying monomers to the gel, the radicals generated by the bond rupture triggered the formation of a new network inside the deformed gel. This new network conferred plasticity to the elastic gel, allowing it to maintain its deformed shape, along with increased volume and strength. We demonstrated that sheet-shaped DN hydrogels rapidly adopted various three-dimensional shapes at ambient temperature when subjected to forces such as drawing and blowing. This mechanism enables morphogenesis of elastic hydrogels and will promote the application of these materials in biomedical fields and soft machines.
Chemical composition from photos: Dried solution drops reveal a morphogenetic tree
Authors: Batista Bruno C. , Tekle Semhare D. , Yan Jie , Dangi Beni B. , Steinbock Oliver
Published: June 2024

Under nonequilibrium conditions, inorganic systems can produce a wealth of life-like shapes and patterns which, compared to well-formed crystalline materials, remain widely unexplored. A seemingly simple example is the formation of salt deposits during the evaporation of sessile droplets. These evaporites show great variations in their specific patterns including single rings, creep, small crystals, fractals, and featureless disks. We have explored the patterns of 42 different salts at otherwise constant conditions. Based on 7,500 images, we show that distinct pattern families can be identified and that some salts (e.g., Na
2
SO
4
and NH
4
NO
3
) are bifurcated creating two distinct motifs. Family affiliations cannot be predicted a priori from composition alone but rather emerge from the complex interplay of evaporation, crystallization, thermodynamics, capillarity, and fluid flow. Nonetheless, chemical composition can be predicted from the deposit pattern with surprisingly high accuracy even if the set of reference images is small. These findings suggest possible applications including smartphone-based analyses and lightweight tools for space missions.