bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SN 2020jfo: A Short-plateau Type II Supernova from a Low-mass Progenitor
Authors: Teja Rishabh Singh , Singh Avinash , Sahu D. K. , Anupama G. C. , Kumar Brajesh , A. J. Nayana
Published: May 2022

We present spectroscopic and photometric observations of the Type IIP supernova, SN 2020jfo, in ultraviolet and optical wavelengths. SN 2020jfo occurred in the spiral galaxy M61 (NGC 4303), with eight observed supernovae in the past 100 yr. SN 2020jfo exhibited a short plateau lasting < 65 days, and achieved a maximum brightness in Vband of M

V
= −17.4 ± 0.4 mag at about 8.0 ± 0.5 days since explosion. From the bolometric light curve, we have estimated the mass of 56Ni synthesized in the explosion to be 0.033 ± 0.006 M
⊙. The observed spectral features are typical for a Type IIP supernova except for shallow Hα absorption throughout the evolution and the presence of stable 58Ni feature at 7378 Å, in the nebular phase. Using hydrodynamical modeling in the MESA
+
STELLA framework, an ejecta mass of ∼5 M
⊙ is estimated. Models also indicate SN 2020jfo could be the result of a red supergiant progenitor with M
ZAMS ∼ 12 M
⊙. Bolometric light-curve modeling revealed the presence of a secondary radiation source for initial ∼20 days, which has been attributed to interaction with a circumstellar material of mass ∼ 0.2 M
⊙, which most likely was ejected due to enhanced mass loss about 20 yr prior to the supernova explosion.
AlOSO: Spectroscopy and Structure of a New Group of Astrochemical Molecules
Authors: Esposito Vincent J. , Trabelsi Tarek , Francisco Joseph S.
Published: May 2022

With the ever-increasing detection of sulfur-bearing molecules and the high abundance and refractory nature of aluminum, the [Al, S, O2] isomers may play an important role in the gas-phase chemistry of circumstellar envelopes and the chemistry on the surface of dust grains. High-level theoretical exploration of the [Al, S, O2] molecular system yielded five isomers, and predictions of their rotational, vibrational, and electronic spectroscopic properties are provided to inform experimental and observational searches. Cis-AlOSO and diamond isomers are isoenergetic and connected via a very small (∼1 kcal mol−1) transition-state barrier. These isomers may act as intermediates along the chemical pathway between Al + SO2 and AlO + SO. Other isomers OAlOS and SAlO2 are stable relative to their corresponding dissociation asymptotes. Large permanent dipole moments of 2.521 D (cis-AlOSO), 1.239 D (diamond), and 5.401 D (OAlOS) predict strong rotational transitions and indicate these molecules as prime candidates for experimental study. Due to the low transition-state barrier, mixing of the vibrational levels is anticipated, complicating the vibrational spectrum. Electronic spectroscopy may be used as a means to differentiate between the two isomers. Strong electronic transitions are predicted to occur in the 200–300 nm range for cis-AlOSO and diamond. Simulated electronic absorption spectra provide a starting point for experimental characterization and spectral deconvolution of these isomers.
Microphysics of Diffusive Shock Acceleration: Impact on the Spectrum of Accelerated Particles
Authors: Cristofari Pierre , Blasi Pasquale , Caprioli Damiano
Published: May 2022

Diffusive shock acceleration at collisionless shocks remains the most likely process for accelerating particles in a variety of astrophysical sources. While the standard prediction for strong shocks is that the spectrum of accelerated particles is universal, f(p) ∝ p
−4, numerous phenomena affect this simple conclusion. In general, the nonlinear dynamical reaction of accelerated particles leads to a concave spectrum, steeper than p
−4 at momenta below a few tens of GeV c
−1 and harder than the standard prediction at high energies. However, the nonlinear effects become important in the presence of magnetic field amplification, which in turn leads to higher values of the maximum momentum p
max. It was recently discovered that the self-generated perturbations that enhance particle scattering, when advected downstream, move in the same direction as the background plasma, so that the effective compression factor at the shock decreases and the spectrum becomes steeper. We investigate the implications of the excitation of the non-resonant streaming instability on these spectral deformations, the dependence of the spectral steepening on the shock velocity, and the role played by the injection momentum.
Spatially Resolved Molecular Interstellar Medium in a z = 6.6 Quasar Host Galaxy
Authors: Li Jianan , Venemans Bram P. , Walter Fabian , Decarli Roberto , Wang Ran , Cai Zheng
Published: May 2022

We present high spatial resolution (∼0.″4, 2.2 kpc) observations of the CO(6−5), CO(7−6), and [C i]369 μm lines and dust continuum emission from the interstellar medium (ISM) in the host galaxy of the quasar J0305−3150 at z = 6.6. These, together with archival [C ii]158 μm data at a comparable spatial resolution, enable studies of the spatial distribution and kinematics between the ISM in different phases. When comparing the radial profiles of CO, [C ii]158 μm, and the dust continuum, we find that the CO and dust continuum exhibit similar spatial distributions, both of which are less extended than the [C ii]158 μm, indicating that the CO and dust continuum are tracing the same gas component, while the [C ii]158 μm is tracing a more extended one. In addition, we derive the radial profiles of the [C ii]158 μm/CO, [C ii]158 μm/far-infrared (FIR), CO/FIR, and dust continuum S
98.7 GHz/S
258.1 GHz ratios. We find a decreasing S
98.7 GHz/S
258.1 GHz ratio with radius, possibly indicating a decrease of dust optical depth with increasing radius. We also detect some of the ISM lines and continuum emission in the companion galaxies previously discovered in the field around J0305−3150. Through comparing the line-to-line and line-to-FIR ratios, we find no significant differences between the quasar and its companion galaxies.
Searching Extra-tidal Features around the Globular Cluster Whiting 1
Authors: Nie Jundan , Tian Hao , Li Jing , Liu Chao , Smith Martin C. , Tang Baitian , Carballo-Bello Julio A. , Ma Jun , Tian Haijun , Wang Jiaxin , Wu Zhenyu , Peng Xiyan , Wang Jiali , Zhang Tianmeng , Zhou Xu , Zhou Zhimin , Zou Hu
Published: May 2022

Whiting 1 is a faint and young globular cluster in the halo of the Milky Way, and was suggested to have originated in the Sagittarius spherical dwarf galaxy (Sgr dSph). In this paper, we use the deep DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys to explore tentative spatial connection between Whiting 1 and the Sgr dSph. We redetermine the fundamental parameters of Whiting 1 and use the best-fitting isochrone (age τ = 6.5 Gyr, metallicity Z = 0.005 and d
⊙ = 26.9 kpc) to construct a theoretical matched filter for the extra-tidal features searching. Without any smooth technique to the matched filter density map, we detect a round-shape feature with possible leading and trailing tails on either side of the cluster. This raw image is not totally new compared to old discoveries, but confirms that no more large-scale features can be detected under a depth of r < =22.5 mag. In our results, the whole feature stretches 0°.1–0°.2 along the orbit of Whiting 1, which gives a much larger area than the cluster core. The tails on both sides of the cluster align along the orbital direction of the Sgr dSph as well as the cluster itself, which implies that these debris are probably stripped remnants of Whiting 1 by the Milky Way.
The Study of Quasar Clustering at Low Redshifts
Authors: Ordonez Jose , Stripling Carolyn
Published: May 2022

We use a nearest neighbor algorithm combined with the machine learning clustering function Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise to analyze a subset of quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Our analysis shows evidence of clustering up to z ∼ 2, with evidence of an increase in clustering at lower redshifts (z < 0.5). Our findings may suggest that, over time, the gravitational interaction between quasars has led to more clustering at low redshifts.
Effect of mushroom (Pleurotus djamor var. roseus) meal as feed supplemented on the hematological responses and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings
Authors: Cruz-García Luis F. , Ponce-Palafox Jesús T. , Hernández-Hernández Luis H. , Tello-Salgado Isaac , Hernández-Ocampo Daniel , Benítez-Mandujano Mario A.
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of mushroom meal supplementation, Pleurotus djamor var. roseus (Pd), on the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), on hematological parameters and growth performance for 60 days. Nile tilapia fingerlings (3.23 ± 0.19 g) were fed with three experimental diets based on the mushroom meal in different percentages: diet 0% control (MM0), diet 15% (MM15), diet 20% (MM20) and diet 25% (MM25). Blood samples from the fish of all treatments were collected at the start of the experiment (day 0), 30 and 60 days. The weight and size of the fish were determined every 15 days (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days). The results showed a significant dose-dependent increase in the levels of erythrocytes count and leukocytes count. The groups that showed significant differences in the basal value and the final control result were hematocrit, hemoglobin, and lymphocyte. An increase in lymphocytes proportion and a decrease in neutrophils were found, which was related to the immune response of fish fed the diet. The highest levels of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and low neutrophils were presented in the diet with 15 and 20% (P < 0.05). The growth (weight gain and specific growth rate) of fish fed MM15 and MM20 of Pd in the diet was higher than the control group (P > 0.05). Dietary supplementation (15 and 20%) improved hematological and defense blood cells, as well as the growth of tilapia.
Planktonic ostracods off the north-central coast of Chile
Authors: Mujica Armando , Nava María Luisa , Leiva Dietz Francisco
Published: May 2022

In the north-central zone of Chile (25°00’-31°40'S), zooplankton samples were taken in 103 oceanographic stations during February-March 2017 (0-70 m). Ostracods were separated, identified, and counted, making it possible to determine their distribution, abundance, species richness, and diversity. Twenty-one species belonging to 12 genera of the Halocyprididae family were identified, three of which had not been previously reported for the southeastern Pacific (Conchoecetta acuminata, Mikroconchoecia stigmatica, and Orthoconchoecia atlantica). The highest abundances, species richness, and diversity were found mainly in stations away from the coast (10 and 20 nm), sampled in hours of darkness. The most abundant species with the highest frequency of occurrence were Archiconchoecia striata, Conchoecetta giesbrechti, Conchoecia magna, and Halocypris inflata. A. striata constituted more than 50% of the total abundance of the ostracods identified.
Environmental stressor induces morphological alterations in zooplankton
Authors: Alvarado-Flores Jesús , Arzate-Cárdenas Mario Alberto , Pérez-Yañez Daniela , Cejudo Eduardo
Published: May 2022

Morphological alterations in zooplankton are induced by exposure to hazardous materials in the environment. These alterations in the body are excellent indicators of adverse effects at the (sub) individual and population levels. These changes might be undetectable within a population in the first generation; however, it was recently documented that alterations are more frequent in the subsequent generations. Because of this, we revised scientific literature that reported malformations in cladocerans, copepods, oligochaetes, and rotifers caused by diverse toxicants when organisms were exposed either in the laboratory or in natural conditions. From an environmental perspective, we focused on the importance of morphological alterations in zooplankton, the most likely causes, and their consequences. Furthermore, the present article shows that alterations of the normal morphology could be used as consistent biomarkers, but further research requires discriminating the influence of natural behavior and the consequences of exposure to toxic compounds.
Morphological variations of southern white shrimp Penaeus schmitti (Burkenroad, 1936) (Crustacea: Dendrobranchiata: Penaeidae) in natural populations of Cuba and Brazil
Authors: Fernández de Alaiza Rafael , De A.T. da Silva Ubiratã , Peixoto Silvio , Craveiro Cecilia , Ferreira Caio Henrique do Nascimento , Ballester Eduardo L.C.
Published: May 2022

The objective of this study was to identify morphological characteristics of different populations of Penaeus schmitti Burkenroad, 1936 to contribute to its biology and conservation. In order to compare geographically isolated populations, between 2014 and 2016, selected biological variables were analyzed in six populations dispersed along the Brazilian coast and one from the Cuban coast. Specimens with eight upper rostral teeth predominated. The ordination of shrimp measurements by non-metric multidimensional scaling showed the greatest dispersion on data from Cuba, Rio Grande do Norte, and Espirito Santo, which are also the localities that presented the highest coefficient of variation. On the other hand, the values corresponding to Sergipe, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná, and Santa Catarina showed a greater similarity or clustering of the data of each location. Tail weight was estimated using length and depth of the sixth abdominal segment. The populations of Santa Catarina, Brazil (28°S), had the longest and heavier abdomens proportionally among all the compared populations, while the organisms of Manzanillo, Cuba (20°N), had proportionally shorter abdomens and the narrowest cephalothorax. The regression equation indicated a positive allometric growth for P. schmitti, and the largest total length reported for genus Penaeus in the natural environment corresponded to a P. schmitti specimen. This information could be useful in future taxonomic studies to correctly identify the species and its morphological variability. Color differences were also observed, with white ventral spots in the sternite XIV of some females from Brazilian populations, which was not previously reported in the literature. Extending these studies is recommended to contribute to the conservation and culture of P. schmitti.
Argopecten purpuratus (Mollusca, Pectinidae) post-El Niño 1997-98 response in La Rinconada Marine Reserve (Antofagasta, Chile)
Authors: Avendaño Miguel , Cantillánez Marcela
Published: May 2022

From 1999-2001, the Argopecten purpuratus population at La Rinconada was directly evaluated by monitoring larvae and their subsequent settlement on artificial collectors to determine their density, size structure, and abundance. An increase in specimens, doubling the number observed in 1997, occurred in 1999. However, reductions in the distribution area, specimens, and average size occurred in 2000 and 2001, reflecting anthropogenic impacts. Application of the growth parameters to the annual size structure indicated losses of 5.7 million individuals between 1999 and 2000 and 5 million between 2000 and 2001. The specimens increase over 90 mm, from 130,000 in 1997 to 2.6 million in 2001, explains the high larvae numbers found, with records of 17,667 and 21,756 in 1999; 16,100 in 2000; and 34,175 and 21,700 in 2001. A relationship between larval presence and postlarval settling could not be established; only the relationships between periods of larval abundance and those of maximum fixation could be observed. In conclusion, a viable solution to illegal fishing affecting the reserve with complementary or substitute measures for local fishers is urgently required.
Short-tailed pipefish (Microphis brachyurus) juvenile culture: effect of stocking density on growth, survival and condition factor
Authors: Martinez-Cardenas Leonardo , Hernandez-Cortez Miriam I. , Castañeda-Chavez María R. , Lango-Reynoso Fabiola , Valdez Hernandez Edna F. , Ponce-Palafox Jesús T. , Espinosa-Chaurand Daniel , Álvarez-González Carlos A.
Published: May 2022

The present study aimed to test the effect of three stocking densities: 100, 200, and 300 ind m-3 (D100, D200, and D300, respectively) on survival, growth (weight and total length), and condition factor of Microphis brachyurus. At the end of the six-week trial, there were no significant differences in the fish's survival, growth, and condition. The results suggest that this species presents high adaptability under culture conditions. A suboptimal stocking density generates a suboptimal use of infrastructure and decreases the production system's profitability. Based on the present study, a stocking density of 300 ind m-3 is recommended to increase the aquaculture infrastructure's profitability for ornamental or conservation purposes.
Marine mammal research in South America: 30 years of publication efforts and collaborative networks
Authors: Szteren Diana , Lercari Diego
Published: May 2022

A notable diversity of marine mammals inhabits the Atlantic and Pacific waters of South America. For decades, South American countries have been producing scientific research focused on these species. However, still, there is no systematic assessment of the magnitude and main subjects on which this research has been focused. This study analyzes the trends and patterns in scientific research on marine mammals in South America, evaluating a pool of bibliometric indicators and mapping collaborative relationships among countries, authors, and research areas. Academic documents were retrieved from two bibliographic databases: SCOPUS and SciELO, from 1990 to 2020. Results showed a gradual increase in publications along the three study decades. Brazil played a central role in the number of publications in both databases, followed by Argentina and Chile. The South American publications on marine mammals were centralized in a small number of journals, and few authors were responsible for a large proportion of contributions. The authors showed a moderate level of collaboration, mainly reflecting stronger links among neighbor countries, including co-authorships with North American and European countries. The most frequent keywords reflected three clusters centered in taxonomic groups (Cetacea, Odontoceti, and Pinnipedia) and two centered in research subjects (pollution and phylogenetics). The scope of the contributions differed among collections. Nevertheless, both databases were complementary and contributed to show marine mammals' research in South America.
Genetic differences of Acropora palmata populations of the Mexican Atlantic
Authors: Domínguez-Maldonado Roberto , Villegas-Sánchez Carmen Amelia , Ruíz-Zárate Miguel-Ángel , González-Salas Carlos , Rosado-Nic Oscar de Jesús
Published: May 2022

The populations of Acropora palmata have decreased over the last four decades, and although there are several studies on their genetic diversity in the Caribbean, no studies have been published about the reefs from the southern Gulf of Mexico. This research aimed to determine, using five microsatellite markers, the genetic variation of three A. palmata populations in the Mexican Atlantic located in the southwest Gulf of Mexico, in the Campeche Bank, and in the Caribbean. The mean of genetic richness (Ng/N) in the studied reefs was 0.583; the lowest estimated value corresponded to the Campeche Bank reef. A low genetic diversity was registered in the studied reefs (reef mean He = 0.315 ± 0.052). The significant genetic structure observed among studied populations could be related to ocean currents from the region and specific biological characteristics, mainly, short larvae phase, high mortality, and high rate of self-recruitment. These results may be particularly useful for designing management strategies, considering the lack of studies of this type in the region.
Health Outcomes of 215 Mothers of Children With Autoimmune Congenital Heart Block: Analysis of the French Neonatal Lupus Syndrome Registry
Authors: Miniaoui Imene , Morel Nathalie , Lévesque Kateri , Maltret Alice , Driessen Marine , Masseau Agathe , Orquevaux Pauline , Piette Jean-Charles , Barriere Francois , Le Bidois Jérome , Georgin-Lavialle Sophie , Guettrot-Imbert Gaëlle , Le Guern Véronique , Mouthon Luc , Jallouli Moez , Deligny Christophe , Hachulla Eric , Romefort Bénédicte ,   Lupus Neonatal Group, Bonnet Damien , Costedoat-Chalumeau Nathalie
Published: May 2022

Objective

Transplacental passage of maternal anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies, potentially associated with maternal autoimmune diseases, can cause neonatal lupus syndrome. Given the paucity of data in this setting, we report short- and long-term outcomes of mothers of offspring with congenital heart block (CHB).

Methods

This retrospective study included anti-SSA/SSB antibody–positive mothers of fetuses with high-degree CHB and focused on their health status before pregnancy, at CHB diagnosis, and thereafter.

Results

We analyzed 215 women with at least 1 pregnancy with CHB. Prior to this diagnosis, only 52 (24%) mothers had been diagnosed with an autoimmune disease, mainly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; n = 26, 12%) and Sjögren syndrome (SS; n = 16, 7%). Six more were diagnosed with an autoimmune disease during the index pregnancy. Of the 157 mothers (73%) with no such diagnosis at childbirth, 77 (49%) developed one after a median follow-up of 11 years (range: 21 days to 54 years). By the end of follow-up, 135 women (63%) had an autoimmune disease diagnosis, mainly SLE (n = 54, 25%) and SS (n = 72, 33%). Three patients with SLE had renal involvement, and only 6 (3%) had required an immunosuppressive drug at any point. The symptoms best predicting autoimmune disease development were arthralgia and myalgia (P< 0.001), dry syndrome (P= 0.01), and parotid swelling (P= 0.05).

Conclusion

One-quarter of the patients had an autoimmune disease diagnosis at the time of the fetal CHB diagnosis. Nearly half of those without an initial diagnosis progressed during follow-up, most without severe manifestations. Severe diseases such as lupus nephritis were rarely seen, and immunosuppressive drugs were rarely required.
Microstructural Evidence of Neuroinflammation for Psychological Symptoms and Pain in Patients With Fibromyalgia
Authors: Lo Yu-Chun , Li Tang Jun Tiffany , Lin Ting-Chun , Chen You-Yin , Kang Jiunn-Horng
Published: May 2022

Objective

In patients with fibromyalgia (FM), the brain shows altered structure and functional connectivity, but the mechanisms underlying these changes remain unclear. This study investigated the associated changes in brain microstructures and neuroinflammation of patients with FM.

Methods

We recruited 14 patients with FM and 14 healthy controls (HCs). Visual analog scale (VAS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were used for assessing their pain, anxiety, and depression levels, respectively. Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) was used to visualize microstructural alterations associated with neuroinflammation in specific brain regions. The biomarkers for neuron damage, including serum tau and amyloid β protein fragment 1-42 (Aβ1-42) levels, were assessed. Spearman correlation of DKI parameters with VAS, BAI, and BDI-II scores as well as tau and Aβ1-42 levels were assessed.

Results

The patients with FM had significantly higher levels of Aβ1-42 levels than HCs. Compared with HCs, the patients with FM showed significantly lower DKI parameters in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex. Patients with FM showed a significant correlation between the axial kurtosis values of the amygdala and VAS scores (left: ρ = −0.60, P = 0.02; right: ρ = −7.04, P = 0.005).

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to use DKI to examine the brains of patients with FM. We noted significant DKI changes associated with neuroinflammation at specific areas in patients with FM. Our results provide valuable information on brain neuroinflammation and pathophysiological changes in patients with FM.
Male Sex Predicts a Favorable Outcome in Early ACPA-Negative Rheumatoid Arthritis: Data From an Observational Study
Authors: Cagnotto Giovanni , Jacobsson Lennart T.H. , Rydell Emil , Eberhard Anna , Compagno Michele , Turesson Carl
Published: May 2022

Objective

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the relationship between sex and clinical outcomes in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) varies by autoantibody status.

Methods

Two inception cohorts of consecutive patients with early RA (ie, symptom duration ≤ 12 months) in the southern region of Sweden were investigated. Patients were stratified by anticitrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) status. The primary outcome was remission (Disease Activity Score in 28 joints [DAS28] < 2.6) at 12 months. Secondary outcomes were remission at 6 months and European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology good response at 6 and 12 months compared to baseline. In logistic regression models, which were adjusted for age, DAS28 values, and Health Assessment Questionnaire values at baseline, the relationship between sex and clinical outcomes, stratified by ACPA status, was investigated.

Results

In total, 426 patients with early RA were included: 160 patients were ACPA negative and 266 patients were ACPA positive. At 12 months, 27.1% (38/140) of females and 24.1% (13/54) of males with ACPA-positive RA achieved DAS28 remission. In ACPA-negative RA, 16.0% (13/81) of females and 48.6% (18/37) of males achieved DAS28 remission at 12 months. Males had higher odds of reaching remission at 12 months in the ACPA-negative patient group (pooled adjusted odds ratio [OR] 4.79, 95% CI 1.97-11.6), but not in the ACPA-positive group (pooled adjusted OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.49-2.30).

Conclusion

Male sex was associated with better clinical outcomes in ACPA-negative early RA, but not in ACPA-positive early RA. The poor outcomes in females with early seronegative RA suggest that this represents a difficult-to-treat patient group.
Les liens serviles en milieu rural : le statut des ḥarāṭīn et leur attachement à l’agriculture et à l’élevage
Authors: Acloque Benjamin
Published: May 2022

Les ḥarāṭīn mauritaniens, comme leurs homologues marocains, se consacrent traditionnellement aux activités rurales d’agriculture ou de petit élevage. L’époque contemporaine a bouleversé tant les conditions de vie que les statuts sociaux. L’émancipation semble se généraliser. Mais une fois révolus les liens de dépendance personnels, restent ceux liant l’exploitant au propriétaire. L’exode rural, l’expatriation ou le déplacement du village donnent lieu à une plus grande émancipation : la distance entre patrons et dépendants manifeste la distension du lien et réciproquement. Mais les rapports de dépendance ne disparaissent pas totalement puisqu’ils restent le moyen de l’appartenance à une collectivité nécessaire à la vie sociale.
Les ḥarāṭīn entre la baraka des esclaves par Bilȃl (sud du Maroc) et la science coranique (sud de la Mauritanie)
Authors: Schmitz Jean
Published: May 2022

Cet article envisage les ḥarāṭīn non en tant que groupe isolé mais dans leur position relative à celui des ˤabīd ou descendants d’esclaves. La comparaison du sud du Maroc et de la Mauritanie, qui fait l’originalité de l’enquête, met en lumière l’inversion de la position des deux groupes dans ces deux espaces. Au sud du Maroc, les descendants d’esclaves noirs bénéficient d’une considération supérieure à celle des ḥarāṭīn souvent de teint plus clair. Quatre ethnographies montrent que la fierté d’être esclave et noir comme Bilâl contraste avec l’impureté soupçonnée de l’ascendance des ḥarāṭīn véhiculant le sang des chrétiens ou celui des juifs. À l’inverse, en Mauritanie, ḥarṭāni est devenu un euphémisme pour « esclave », catégorie taboue par excellence car synonyme de kuffâr les « Noirs » ciblés par le jihād du XIX e  siècle. Là, c’est l’apprentissage coranique donnant accès à l’islam qui est le gage de la liberté, la véritable « pureté ».
From Slavery? Rethinking Slave Descent as an Analytical Category: The Case of the Mauritanian and Moroccan Ḥarāṭīn
Authors: Rossi Benedetta
Published: May 2022

Que signifie, après l’abolition mondiale de l’esclavage, le fait de définir des groupes ou des individus comme des « descendants d’esclaves » ? Lorsque l’esclavage était légal, les lois et les normes faisaient la distinction entre le statut juridique d’esclave et de celui d’homme ou de femme libre, et définissaient les relations de production, de reproduction et de propriété entre les personnes asservies et leurs propriétaires. Aujourd’hui, la terminologie vernaculaire, qui identifie certains groupes africains comme « esclaves » ou « descendants d’esclaves » (par exemple, ḥarātīn , ˁabīd , etc.) est souvent un anachronisme sans rapport avec leurs conditions économiques et politiques. Mais dans certains cas, l’ascendance servile continue d’affecter la vie quotidienne de personnes qui n’ont jamais cessé d’être exploitées par les descendants des maîtres. Cet article compare les stratégies identitaires, économiques et politiques des personnes classées comme descendants d’esclaves au Maroc et en Mauritanie. Il discute le lien entre les identités impliquant une ascendance servile et la situation des porteurs de telles identités, et examine les implications des cas de figures analysés ici pour la terminologie analytique des études sur l’esclavage en Afrique.
Diffusions livresques autour du Coran dans le Maroc contemporain
Authors: Jenvrin Géraldine
Published: May 2022

Depuis les attentats de 2003, un islam marocain est en plein développement et le Coran y a une place de choix. Nous nous demanderons comment l’édition marocaine et les librairies de Fès et de Rabat, témoignent de l’offre et de la demande locale et nationale en sciences coraniques, tout en s’insérant dans la culture globale du monde arabo-musulman aujourd’hui. Cet article traite successivement des distinctions existantes entre les politiques d’édition officielle, universitaire et culturelle, puis entre les différents types d’ouvrages promus en librairies à Fès et à Rabat.
Toward a theory of potency, power and function leadership
Authors: Morin Gabriel , Stokes Peter
Published: May 2022

Cet article étudie la notion de leadership à travers la théorisation de trois types de leadership distincts : leadership de puissance, leadership de pouvoir et leadership de fonction ainsi que leurs implications pour la gestion des ressources humaines (GRH). Cette théorisation s’appuie sur la différence philosophique clé que fait Deleuze entre puissance et pouvoir. Une grande partie de la littérature existante sur le leadership considère que pouvoir et fonction sont liés de manière intentionnelle dans les organisations, mais cela peut en négliger l’étude des effets sous-jacents. Une fertilisation croisée et alternative des études sur le leadership et sur la GRH pourrait enrichir la compréhension du développement des individus. Examiner de plus près les conséquences et les complexités de la dynamique du pouvoir et du leadership, ainsi que les effets ambigus qu’ils peuvent produire sur les followers apparaît crucial. En réponse à ces manques, l’article développe une nouvelle conceptualisation du leadership de puissance destinée aux followers , aux leaders et à l’organisation, par le biais de la GRH. Empiriquement, l’article mobilise une méthodologie inductive ayant recours à des entretiens semi-structurants conduits auprès de dirigeants de haut niveau issus de contexte militaire, bancaire et d’une agence de notation financière. Les résultats identifient l’émergence de trois nouveaux types de leadership interconnectés : puissance, pouvoir et fonction, qui produisent trois types d’effets sur les followers . Les résultats comportent des implications pour la GRH dans l’évaluation et le développement du leadership.
Economic uncertainty and structural reforms: Evidence from stock market volatility
Authors: Bonfiglioli Alessandra , Crinò Rosario , Gancia Gino
Published: May 2022

Does economic uncertainty promote the implementation of structural reforms? We answer this question using one of the most exhaustive cross‐country panel data sets on reforms in six major areas and measuring economic uncertainty with stock market volatility. To identify causality, we exploit exogenous differential variation in countries' exposure to foreign volatility shocks due to predetermined and time‐invariant bilateral characteristics. Across all specifications, we find that stock market volatility has a positive and significant effect on the adoption of reforms. This result is robust to the inclusion of a large number of controls, such as political variables, economic variables, crisis indicators, and a host of country, reform and time fixed effects, as well as across various approaches for accommodating heterogeneous trends and contemporaneous shocks. Overall, this evidence suggests that times of market turmoil, which are characterized by a high degree of uncertainty, may facilitate the implementation of reforms that would otherwise not pass.
Revealing a preference for mixtures: An experimental study of risk
Authors: Feldman Paul , Rehbeck John
Published: May 2022

Using a revealed preference approach, we conduct an experiment where subjects make choices from linear convex budgets in the domain of risk. We find that many individuals prefer mixtures of lotteries in ways that systematically rule out expected utility behavior. We explore the extent to which an individual's preference to choose mixtures is related to a preference for randomization by comparing choices from a convex choice task to the decisions made in a repeated discrete choice task. We find that a preference to mix is positively correlated with behavior from repeated discrete choice tasks.
The development of randomization and deceptive behavior in mixed strategy games
Authors: Brocas Isabelle , Carrillo Juan D.
Published: May 2022

We study the foundations for the development of optimal randomization in mixed strategy games. We consider a population of children and adolescents (7 to 16 years old) and study in the laboratory their behavior in a nonzero sum, hide‐and‐seek game with a unique interior mixed strategy equilibrium where each location has a known but different value. The vast majority of participants favor the high‐value location not only as seekers (as predicted by theory) but also as hiders (in contradiction with theory). The behavior is extremely similar across all ages, and also similar to that of the college students control adult group. We also study the use of cheap talk (potentially deceptive) messages in this game. Hiders are excessively truthful in the messages they send while seekers have a slight tendency to (correctly) believe hiders. In general, however, messages have a small impact on outcomes. The results point to a powerful (erroneous) heuristic thinking in two‐person randomization settings that does not get corrected, even partially, with age.
Crisis Management and Seeking Solutions of Air Transport in Social Media From the Perspective of the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Şener Yeşim
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic, which negatively affected all humanity in the “social, cultural, economic, psychological” sense, also negatively affected aviation businesses and caused a crisis. In this crisis period, it can be said that social media is frequently used in the efforts of aviation enterprises to survive. In addition, during the COVID-19 pandemic, social media has been an area that activates the strategic structure of institutions. Social media platforms, which are used to reach more target audiences especially in crisis situations, have also been decisive in terms of maintaining their existence and protecting their target audience potential.
The Postpandemic Future of Australian Regional Aviation
Authors: Bowyer Dorothea Maria , El Hamad Walid , Smark Ciorstan , Jones Greg Evan , Beattie Claire , Deng Ying
Published: May 2022

This chapter provides an analysis of the journey an Australian regional airline has adopted to navigate the extreme challenges posed by the effect of COVID-19 on the passenger aviation sector. Operating in a deregulated and highly competitive sector characterized by competing stakeholder requirements, this regional airline initially responded to the crisis by ceasing almost all its passenger operations. Simultaneously, the airline proactively lobbied the Australian government on behalf of regional carriers in an attempt to highlight the severity of the crisis. The analysis of the financial reports of this airline presents a stark view of the financial consequences of the global pandemic. Despite the negative financial outcomes they recorded, the regional airline predicts a return to profitability as soon as the impact of their strategic response, supported by government intervention, is realized and as soon as the effect of the pandemic is mitigated by vaccination rates and by a gradual return to COVID-19 normal operations.
The Impacts of COVID-19 on the Stock Returns of Supplier Industries of the Civil Aviation Sector
Authors: Ölçen Olcay , Pamuk Yalçın , Sayılır Özlem
Published: May 2022

The pandemic has not only affected passenger markets deeply, but it has also generated excessive impacts on the sub-branches and related industries of the civil aviation sector, in terms of financial results. Therefore, this study analysed the impacts of the pandemic on the stock returns of the freight forwarder industry and airport service industry as the main supplier industries of the civil aviation sector. The sample of the study is comprised of 18 freight forwarder companies and six airport service provider companies, which operate in different regions of the world. It is selected legal declaration of COVID 19 on 11 March 2020 by the World Health Organization as the event date, and an event study analysis is made. The findings of both approaches support that COVID-19 pandemic crisis had statistically significant impacts on the stock returns of freight forwarder industry and airport service provider industry.
Preparation of Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Chand Ratish , Alasa Victor M. , Chitiyo Jonathan , Pietrantoni Zachary
Published: May 2022

Teacher education programs have been continuously explored on various aspects; many challenges remain when it comes to the effective preparation of pre-service teachers in meeting the needs of Generation Z students, primarily in terms of teaching and assessment. With a new generation of students entering our educational institutions, one that has grown up with information and communication technology (ICT) as an everyday aspect of their lives and is tech-savvy, we need a robust teacher education system to ensure that the Generation Zers' needs in terms of teaching and assessment are met. This chapter focuses on the importance of teacher education programs in preparing competent pre-service teachers who are assessment literate and can confidently administer digital-based assessments.
Analyzing the Evolution of Digital Assessment in Education Literature Using Bibliometrics and Natural Language Processing
Authors: Gomez Manuel J. , Ruipérez-Valiente José A.
Published: May 2022

Over the last decade, we have seen a large amount of research being performed in technology-enhanced learning. Within this area, the use of digital assessment has been gaining a lot of popularity. Researchers aim to identify the main topics in this area, proposing a new methodology to perform a text analytics and bibliometrics driven approach, using the metadata and full text from papers within the last 15 years. The analysis in this work is focused on three objectives: 1) discover which are the main topics based on topic modeling and keywords analysis, 2) discover the evolution of said topics over the last 15 years of research, and 3) discover the primary authors and papers, along with hidden relationships between existing communities.
Utilization of Digital Technologies to Enhance Assessments, Practices, and Equity in Inclusive Education
Authors: Ngwacho George Areba
Published: May 2022

Inclusive education is purposed to focus on the distinct wants of students, assisting them to go through any challenges that may hinder them from attaining their full potential. However, the ever-changing dynamics in the sector of education like use of technology to accommodate new challenges such as COVID-19 among others complicate the aim of inclusive education if not mitigated. Utilization of digital technologies to enhance assessment practices is one such initiative. Inclusive assessment systems need cognizance of personalization through avenues like technological advances that will permit ‘anywhere, anytime' access to assessment. Assessment policies ought to involve all major stakeholders but in specific those who are nominated to represent others and who will be the primary consumers. This review has a twofold objective: review the digital assessment experiences and outline its challenges in an inclusive education environment with a view of mitigating them for more productive experiences.
The Concept of Knowledge Management
Authors: Uyan Umut , Sanal Musa
Published: May 2022

This chapter discusses the concept of organizational knowledge and how it can be managed in business settings effectively. For this purpose, first, different perspectives on knowledge were introduced (possession and practice perspectives), and various definitions of the concept were compiled from the literature. Following that, a more specific concept, organizational knowledge, and two distinct approaches (rational and multifaceted perspectives) to the management of this form of knowledge were discussed in detail. In this section, taxonomic studies were also incorporated to confer different assumptions towards organizational knowledge explicitly. Understanding these assumptions is critical since it would give hints on how to manage knowledge in such settings. The chapter is finalized by explaining the dimensions of the knowledge management process.
The Role of Flexible Working Arrangements in Reducing Technostress and Job Tension That Negatively Affect Service Innovation Behavior
Authors: Merdan Ethem , Karadal Himmet
Published: May 2022

Employees may experience technostress and job tension due to reasons such as inability to adapt to technological changes and developments, being constantly intertwined with technological tools and equipment, excessive workload, manager's attitude, communication problems between employees, or conflicts. This situation may adversely affect the service innovation behavior, which means change, development, and differentiation in products and services. Therefore, it may be beneficial for workplace management to implement flexible working arrangements in order to get more efficiency from its employees and to reduce technostress and work tension that negatively affect service innovation behavior. In this study, first of all, the concepts of technostress, job tension, service innovation behavior, and flexible working arrangements will be defined, and the characteristics of these concepts will be given in detail. Then, the theoretical background of the relations between these concepts will be explained, and suggestions will be made for future research.
The Discourse of Blue Economy Definitions, Measurements, and Theories
Authors: Raimi Lukman , Kah Jainaba M. L. , Tariq Muhammad Usman
Published: May 2022

This chapter discusses the definitions, measurements, and theories of the blue economy for strengthening academic research and industry practice. A critical literature review provided four insights. First, the definition of the blue economy connotes a responsible utilisation, management, conservation, and preservation of the ocean in a manner that aligns with triple themes of sustainable development. Second, the best measurement of the blue economy is the coastal governance index (CGI) that has 24 indicators and 43 subindicators. Third, the prospects of the blue economy include the creation of sustainable ocean industrialization, boosts for traditional industries, new employment opportunities, food and nutritional security through aquaculture, a boost for SDGs, and improved economic growth, among others. The challenges of a blue economy include lack of national legislation and protocols on ocean economic activities, threats of overuse of ocean and its resources, sea pollution, ocean security, and international conflicts on maritime delineations. The chapter concludes with implications.
Ageing and Health in the Digital Society
Authors: Bobrowicz-Campos Elzbieta , Matos Armanda P. M.
Published: May 2022

This chapter describes the innovative solutions generated by the digital society in the field of health and reflects on the effectiveness of the mechanisms implemented in the last decade to increase the adoption of these solutions by the aged population. This reflection begins with the analysis of the digital divide-related issues, relying on the assumption that the lack of a joint multi-stakeholder effort to reduce existing differences in access to digital resources may result in deepening inequality in health. The opportunities and risks for ageing and health in the digital era are presented considering different healthcare purposes, contexts, and end-users' perspectives. Finally, the recommendations to maximize the impact of strategic actions to increase digital literacy and to reinforce digital engagement are presented.
Aging, Quality of Life, and Social Support
Authors: Gupta Garima , Sharma Deepa Luxmi
Published: May 2022

The present chapter presents an intertwined view on aging, quality of life and social support. Aging is a sensitive process of transformation from a young age structure to old age. It is a pressing problem for many countries in this century. Therefore, attention to needs and problems of this age has an importance. The domains that need more attention in elderly is both quality of life and social support in their life. Though social support and quality of life have received much attention in studies of the psychological issues of older adults but still researches are needed in special attention at the intervention level.
The Age and Time of No Retirement
Authors: Haque Adnan ul
Published: May 2022

This comparative study considers global perspective by including developed and developing economies for exploring the social and economic impact of aging. Using stratified, purposive, and networking technique, the online opened-ended questions responses were gathered from the sample of 258. The findings confirmed that there is no age of retirement. Aging population contributions are significant and termed in this study as ‘knowledge-gem' (GK). The older population rate is increasing at a greater pace in the emerging economies in comparison to developed economies. Interestingly, the social activities remain constant in both types of economies. Post-retirement, elderly women are significant contributors to social activities while men have significant contribution to economic activities. From the cultural perspective, the aging population is mainly found in the ‘collectivism' on the grid-group cultural (GGC) model. The aging population is facing the challenges of in-equalities based on gender, class, and race in both developed and less-developed economies.
Nutraceuticals Role in Stress, Aging, and Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Choudhary Manisha , Tripathi Sandeep , Kesharwani Rajesh Kumar
Published: May 2022

Nutraceuticals and functional foods have attracted considerable interest recently because of their well-known safety and potential nutritional and therapeutic effects. Nutraceuticals include food supplements, dietary supplements, value-added processed foods, as well as non-food supplements such as tablets, soft gels, and capsules etc. which are packed with bioactive components. Life expectancy continues to rise and along with a rise in the lifestyle diseases (i.e., obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders). Functional foods and nutraceuticals constitute a great promise to improve health, neurodegenerative disorders, and aging-related chronic diseases. A collective effort by the academia, industry, government, and research organization must keep on promoting nutraceutical and functional food to contain the menace of lifestyle diseases.