bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histologic and Clinical Effects of Different Topical Corticosteroids for Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Lessons from an Updated Meta-Analysis of Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trials
Authors: de Heer Jocelyn , Miehlke Stephan , Rösch Thomas , Morgner Andrea , Werner Yuki , Ehlken Hanno , Becher Heiko , Aigner Annette
Published: July 2020

Background: Topical corticosteroids (TS) have become standard therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). However, a variety of drug formulations have been used for which results of histological and clinical responses may be different. We aimed at determining the short-term histologic efficacy of TS for EoE based on randomized placebo-controlled trials and to review clinical response. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, and clinicaltrials.gov for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on TS versus placebo for active EoE published until June 2019. Treatment effects were calculated as risk ratios (RRs) comparing histologic remission between groups. Results: Nine RCTs (6 budesonide and 3 fluticasone) involving a total of 483 participants were included. A substantial overall effect of TS on acute histologic remission (RR 12.5, 95% confidence interval 6.0–25.9) was found despite varying definitions of histologic response. Indirect comparisons between drug and formulation types showed a trend for a better histologic efficacy of budesonide (RR 13.5 vs. 10.4 fluticasone) and for the orodispersible tablet (RR 46.2 vs. 11.5 suspension, and 10.4 nebulized formula/spray), but only based on small patient numbers. Scores used for clinical response assessment were different between studies, and short-term clinical results were less impressive: significant differences favoring TS were found in 4/9 RCTs (4/6 budesonide, 0/3 fluticasone). Conclusions: TS are effective for short-term induction of histological remission in EoE with less impressive clinical response rates. The mode of drug delivery to the esophagus may be a relevant factor for the degree of histologic remission. Further trials should use uniform assessment criteria and long-term patient-centered outcomes.
Cold Therapy and the Effect on Pain and Physiological Parameters in Patients Recovering from Spine Surgery: A Randomized Prospective Study
Authors: Yaman Aktaş Yeşim , Durgun Hanife , Durhan Reyhan
Published: July 2020

Background: This study aimed to determine the effect of cold therapy (CT) on pain and physiological parameters after spine surgery. Materials and Methods: This study was a prospective, randomized controlled trial. Study participants were randomly assigned to either a control group or a CT group. The outcome measured was pain intensity rated by a numeric rating scale. Psychological outcome measures were considered secondary. Results: Thirty-eight patients in each group completed the study. No statistically significant difference was found between the pain scores of patients in the CT and those in the control group during the 24-h period following surgery (group: F = 0.01, p = 0.922). However, it was found that the pain scores of patients in the CT group were significantly lower than those in the control group during the 48-h period (group: F = 10.59, p = 0.002). Conclusion: CT reduced pain scores during the 48-h period following spine surgery. Our findings support the use of CT as an adjuvant therapy in pain management.
Virtual Reality Training Helpful in Motor and Cognition in Corticobasal Syndrome: A Case Report PET Study
Authors: Hajebrahimi Farzin , Cakir Tansel , Hanoglu Lutfu
Published: July 2020

Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is a rare progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by a combination of asymmetric motor symptoms and non-motor symptoms. CBS is poorly responsive to levodopa. Non-pharmacological strategies have been found to be useful as components of a multidisciplinary therapeutic approach for patients with CBS. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of virtual reality training in addressing symptoms of CBS. A 64-year-old man was clinically diagnosed as CBS one year after the onset of complaints. Positron emission tomography (PET) scan showed asymmetrical hypometabolism in the right thalamus and basal ganglia. The patient was evaluated for balance, gait, mobility, and cognition 1 week before, 1 week after, and 1 year after 6 weeks of training, 3 times weekly (18 sessions in total). All clinical outcomes and PET result had improved after the intervention; cognition and balance were maintained after 1 year. Additionally, the asymmetric hypometabolism, which had been detectable on the PET scan, became normal, and a relative improvement was noted in the visual evaluation of cortical involvement. Virtual reality may address different aspects of motor and cognition and possibly brain metabolic changes that can affect the course of the disease in patients with CBS.
Delayed Diagnosis of Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Its Effect on Patients and Healthcare System
Authors: Kokolakis Georgios , Wolk Kerstin , Schneider-Burrus Sylke , Kalus Stefanie , Barbus Sebastian , Gomis-Kleindienst Susana , Sabat Robert
Published: July 2020

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a neglected chronic inflammatory disease with long delay in diagnosis. Besides pain, purulent discharge, and destruction of skin architecture, HS patients experience metabolic, musculoskeletal, and psychological disorders. Objectives: To determine the delay in HS diagnosis and its consequences for patients and the healthcare system. Methods: This was a prospective, multicenter, epidemiologic, non-interventional cross-sectional trial carried out in Germany and based on self-reported questionnaires and medical examinations performed by dermatologists. In total, data of 394 adult HS patients were evaluated. Results: The average duration from manifestation of first symptoms until HS diagnosis was 10.0 ± 9.6 (mean ± SD) years. During this time, HS patients consulted on average more than 3 different physicians – most frequently general practitioners, dermatologists, surgeons, gynecologists – and faced more than 3 misdiagnoses. Diagnosis delay was longer in younger and non-smoking patients. In most cases, HS was correctly diagnosed by dermatologists. The longer the delay of diagnosis, the greater the disease severity at diagnosis. Delayed HS diagnosis was also associated with an increased number of surgically treated sites, concomitant diseases, and days of work missed. Conclusion: This study demonstrates an enormous delay in the diagnosis of HS, which results in more severe disease. It also shows for the first time that a delay in diagnosis of a chronic inflammatory disease leads to a higher number of concomitant systemic disorders. In addition to the impaired health status, delayed diagnosis of HS was associated with impairment of the professional life of affected people.
¿Dar la mano o darle cuello? Construcciones metafóricas con sustantivos corporales.
Authors: Herrera Alma Rocío Guzmán , Paredes María del Refugio Pérez , Maldonado Ricardo
Published: July 2020

El verbo dar suele combinarse con sustantivos anatómicos para formar  expresiones de interpretación metafórica. En este trabajo intentaremos explicar cómo es que dicho verbo puede construirse con estos sustantivos y qué implicaciones semántico-sintácticas acarrea sus resultados construccionales. El propósito es ir más allá del presupuesto de que se trata de metáforas. Intentaremos explicar este fenómeno policonstruccional desde la confluencia de tres modos de aproximación: la lingüística cognoscitiva, la gramática de construcciones  y la semántica de marcos. Sostenemos que las expresiones con sustantivos anatómicos provienen de la construcción esquemática del verbo dar, la transferencia, que pasa por un proceso de cambio semántico, pero que conserva algunas de las propiedades de la construcción original.
Representações do professor leitor em língua espanhola e de suas práticas com a leitura em sala de aula
Authors: Borges Rafael
Published: July 2020

Neste trabalho nos propomos a analisar as representações que compartilham professores de espanhol atuantes no Ensino Fundamental II e Médio acerca da leitura como prática social, de modo geral, e da leitura como habilidade específica a ser explorada nas aulas de língua estrangeira. Com esse intuito, elaboramos um questionário composto por 30 questões discursivas e de múltipla escolha, respondido por 24 professores, posteriormente selecionamos 5 entre eles e realizamos entrevistas individuais, com base em um roteiro semiestruturado, composto por 14 perguntas discursivas. A partir disso, empreendemos uma análise de base qualitativa, fundamentada teoricamente pela Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, em princípios da História Cultural do livro e da leitura, bem como dos Letramentos. Sendo assim, pudemos analisar as representações desses professores sobre a leitura e o leitor, o que abre caminhos e possibilidades para pensarmos acerca da formação leitora crítica em língua estrangeira.
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy and Risk of Recurrent Hospitalizations in Patients Without Left Bundle Branch Block
Authors: Vidula Himabindu , Lee Elizabeth , McNitt Scott , Polonsky Bronislava , Aktas Mehmet , Rosero Spencer , Younis Arwa , Solomon Scott D. , Zareba Wojciech , Kutyifa Valentina , Goldenberg Ilan
Published: July 2020

Background:

Mild heart failure (HF) patients without left bundle branch block (LBBB) did not derive a significant reduction in risk of a HF event/death in the MADIT-CRT trial (Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy). However, the efficacy of CRT with a defibrillator (CRT-D) may be modified after the development of the first hospitalization for HF (HHF). We aimed to study the effect of CRT-D on long-term risk of recurrent HHF in patients without LBBB in MADIT-CRT.

Methods:

Data on recurring HHF were collected for 1818 subjects. The CRT-D versus implantable cardioverter-defibrillator-only risk for first and subsequent HHF was assessed by QRS morphology in on-treatment analysis using Cox proportional hazards regression modeling.

Results:

During long-term follow-up, 412 patients had ≥1 HHF and 333 had ≥2 HHF. Multivariate analysis revealed that in LBBB patients, CRT-D, compared with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, was associated with a significant reduction in risk of first and subsequent HHF (first: hazard ratio, 0.41 [95% CI, 0.31–0.54],
P
<0.001; subsequent: hazard ratio, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.29–0.70],
P
<0.001). Among patients without LBBB, the benefit of CRT-D was nonsignificant for the first HHF (hazard ratio, 0.96;
P
=0.808). However, after occurrence of a first HHF, CRT-D therapy was associated with a pronounced 44% reduction in risk of subsequent HHF (hazard ratio, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.32–0.97],
P
=0.039). Patients without LBBB with ≥1 HHF during the first year of follow-up demonstrated increasing dyssynchrony at 1 year compared with those who had no HHF (
P
=0.016).

Conclusions:

In MADIT-CRT, we show a beneficial effect of CRT-D in patients without LBBB subsequent to development of a first HHF, possibly due to increased dyssynchrony associated with HF progression.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00180271, NCT01294449, and NCT02060110.
Acute Stroke Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hajdu Steven D. , Pittet Valerie , Puccinelli Francesco , Ben Hassen Wagih , Ben Maacha Malek , Blanc Raphaël , Bracco Sandra , Broocks Gabriel , Bartolini Bruno , Casseri Tommaso , Clarençon Frederic , Naggara Olivier , Eugène François , Ferré Jean-Christophe , Guédon Alexis , Houdart Emmanuel , Krings Timo , Lehmann Pierre , Limbucci Nicola , Machi Paolo , Macho Juan , Mandruzzato Nicolo , Nappini Sergio , Nawka Marie Teresa , Nicholson Patrick , Marto João Pedro , Pereira Vitor , Correia Manuel A. , Pinho-e-Melo Teresa , Nuno Ramos João , Raz Eytan , Ferreira Patrícia , Reis João , Shapiro Maksim , Shotar Eimad , van Horn Noel , Piotin Michel , Saliou Guillaume
Published: July 2020

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the World Health Organization recommended measures to mitigate the outbreak such as social distancing and confinement. Since these measures have been put in place, anecdotal reports describe a decrease in the number of endovascular therapy (EVT) treatments for acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion. The purpose of our study was to determine the effect on EVT for patients with acute ischemic stroke during the COVID-19 confinement. In this retrospective, observational study, data were collected from November 1, 2019, to April 15, 2020, at 17 stroke centers in countries where confinement measures have been in place since March 2020 for the COVID-19 pandemic (Switzerland, Italy, France, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Canada, and United States). This study included 1600 patients treated by EVT for acute ischemic stroke. Date of EVT and symptom onset-to-groin puncture time were collected. Mean number of EVTs performed per hospital per 2-week interval and mean stroke onset-to-groin puncture time were calculated before confinement measures and after confinement measures. Distributions (non-normal) between the 2 groups (before COVID-19 confinement versus after COVID-19 confinement) were compared using 2-sample Wilcoxon rank-sum test. The results show a significant decrease in mean number of EVTs performed per hospital per 2-week interval between before COVID-19 confinement (9.0 [95% CI, 7.8–10.1]) and after COVID-19 confinement (6.1 [95% CI, 4.5–7.7]), (
P
<0.001). In addition, there is a significant increase in mean stroke onset-to-groin puncture time (
P
<0.001), between before COVID-19 confinement (300.3 minutes [95% CI, 285.3–315.4]) and after COVID-19 confinement (354.5 minutes [95% CI, 316.2–392.7]). Our preliminary analysis indicates a 32% reduction in EVT procedures and an estimated 54-minute increase in symptom onset-to-groin puncture time after confinement measures for COVID-19 pandemic were put into place.
“I Shall be Reckoned with the Gods”
Authors: Joseph Simon J.
Published: July 2020

The categorical identification of the historical Jesus continues to be a central challenge in Jesus Research yet the identification of the historical Jesus as a first-century Jewish mystic has long been a popular topic among Western esotericists, Christian mystics, contemporary New Age authors, and some biblical scholars. Taking a critical look at the category and study of mysticism in Jesus Research in light of the ancient etymological origins of modern mysticism, the concept of ‘religious experience,’ and the epistemological problems associated with perennialism as a religionist discourse, this article argues that the comparative study of mysticism still proves to be an explanatorily powerful analytical, theoretical, and interpretative lens in Jesus Research.
State of Climate Law∵The Third Pillar of International Climate Change Law: Explaining ‘Loss and Damage’ after the Paris Agreement
Authors: Broberg Morten
Published: July 2020

With the 2015 Paris Agreement, ‘loss and damage’ (L&D) was introduced into the unfccc treaty framework as a new, third substantive area of climate change law. Both before and after its adoption, this new area has been subject to much contention—and this is reflected in a high degree of uncertainty surrounding its interpretation. This article examines the definition of L&D and the types of impact covered by the notion. It also examines the relationship of L&D with mitigation and adaptation, as well as the instruments that are covered by it. Finally, the article considers the controversial issue of who can invoke L&D—and against whom.
The Quaker Renaissance and Liberal Quakerism in Britain, 1895–1930
Authors: Dales Joanna
Published: July 2020

Many Quakers who reached maturity towards the end of the nineteenth century found that their parents’ religion had lost its connection with reality. New discoveries in science and biblical research called for new approaches to Christian faith. Evangelical beliefs dominant among nineteenth-century Quakers were now found wanting, especially those emphasising the supreme authority of the Bible and doctrines of atonement whereby the wrath of God is appeased through the blood of Christ. Liberal Quakers sought a renewed sense of reality in their faith through recovering the vision of the first Quakers with their sense of the Light of God within each person. They also borrowed from mainstream liberal theology new attitudes to God, nature and service to society. The ensuing Quaker Renaissance found its voice at the Manchester Conference of 1895, and the educational initiatives which followed gave to British Quakerism an active faith fit for the testing reality of the twentieth century.
Discovery of Wilsonosiphonia fujiae (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) from the Maldives Islands and transfer of Polysiphonia rhizoidea from Hawaiʻi to Wilsonosiphonia

Authors: BOO GA HUN , CHO TAE OH , SHERWOOD ALISON R. , BOO SUNG MIN , FUJII MUTUE TOYOTA
Published: July 2020

Wilsonosiphonia is a newly described marine algal genus with three species. The genus was previously confused with the widely distributed taxon Polysiphonia, and because of this, the taxonomy and distribution of Wilsonosiphonia is likely underestimated. We report the discovery of a minute filamentous red alga, Wilsonosiphonia fujiae (Rhodophyta) in the Maldives Islands, a taxon which was considered endemic to Brazil. Specimens were collected at Fulhadoo, Goidhoo Atoll and Dhidhdhoo Islands, South Ari Atoll, which are ca. 160 km apart, during January and July, 2019, respectively. Thalli formed dense patches on the upper intertidal in regions of shaded rock. Both mitochondrial cox1 and plastid rbcL sequencing confirmed the occurrence of W. fujiae in the Maldives, which is also in agreement with morphological observations. Based on the low pairwise divergences of COI-5P and rbcL sequences between the Maldives and Brazil specimens, we suggest that W. fujiae is a recently introduced yet cryptogenic species in the Maldives. Additionally, as a result of our phylogenetic analyses, it became evident that sequences from the Hawaiian Islands, which were listed as members of the genus Polysiphonia, represent species-level diversity within the genus Wilsonosiphonia. Based on both morphological characteristics and the COI-5P phylogeny, we here reinstate Polysiphonia rhizoidea from Hawaiʻi and transfer it to Wilsonosiphonia, as W. rhizoidea comb. nov.
Two new species of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) from limestone outcrops in Brazilian seasonally dry tropical forests

Authors: MOREIRA ARIANE DOS SANTOS , OLIVEIRA JOSÉ FLORENCIO CERQUEIRA , CORDEIRO INÊS , CARNEIRO TORRES DANIELA SANTOS
Published: July 2020

We describe and illustrate two new species of Jatropha from Bahia State, Brazil: Jatropha longibracteata and Jatropha paganuccii. The two new species occur on limestone outcrops in seasonally dry tropical forests. We also provide a distribution map and IUCN conservation status, as well as morphological comparisons with the closely related species J. calcarea, J. martiusii, and J. palmatipartita.
Malagasycoelum dracula gen. and sp. nov., a new genus and a new species of the subfamily Mirinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) from Madagascar
Authors: KIM JUNGGON , ROCA-CUSACHS MARCOS , LIM JONGOK , JUNG SUNGHOON
Published: July 2020

Malagasycoelum dracula gen. and sp. nov. in Adelphocoris-Creontiades-Megacoelum complex is described from Madagascar. Morphological information of the new genus and new species is presented with photographs and illustrations.
A new genus Turneroconcha (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae: Pliocardiinae) for the giant hydrothermal vent clam ‘Calyptogena’ magnifica
Authors: KRYLOVA ELENA M. , SAHLING HEIKO
Published: July 2020

A new monotypic genus, Turneroconcha, is established for T. magnifica (Boss & Turner) which was originally assigned to the genus Calyptogena Dall. The distinguishing morphological characters of the new genus are the combination of both conchological and anatomical features including: the presence of only two tooth elements in the right valve; submerged location of the posterior part of the posterior lamellar ligament layer; the absence of a subumbonal pit, lunular incision, escutcheon and pallial sinus; the presence of both pairs of demibranchs; the tubular structure of marginal parts of the interlamellar septa in gills; an inner valve of the inhalant siphon without processes; tentaculate inner mantle fold 3 and a Z-shaped digestive tract. Analysis of morphological data on Recent and fossil pliocardiines shows that Turneroconcha gen. nov. can be presently considered as a monotypic genus. The comparative morphological analysis of the new genus with described pliocardiine genera is consistent with available molecular results. Turneroconcha gen. nov. is endemic to the East-Pacific Rise and Galapagos Rift and occurs at water depths of 2251 to 2791 m. It is the only pliocardiine genus known so far with a mainly epifaunal life habit. No fossils of Turneroconcha gen. nov. are known.
Problematyka konfliktów społecznych w exposés polskich premierów z lat 2007–2017
Authors: Pękala Mateusz
Published: July 2020

Issues of Social Conflicts in Inauguration Speeches of Polish Prime Ministers in 2007–2017The article presents the assumptions and results of an analysis of the content of inauguration speeches of Polish Prime Ministers in 2007–2017: Donald Tusk (2007 and 2011), Ewa Kopacz (2014), Beata Szydło (2015) and Mateusz Morawiecki (2017). The aim of the study has been to answer the question whether and to what extent the issues of social conflicts were present in the speeches and what dispute resolution strategies were announced by the government. Social tensions were one of the leitmotifs of each of those speeches, mainly in the context of their negative impact on the effectiveness of public policy. The speeches often called for a reduction in rivalry both between political actors and between social groups. The need to overcome the crisis of citizens’ trust in state institutions was also ascribed great importance. In the face of social conflicts, the prime ministers announced that they would play the role of an “arbiter”, who would decide how particular resources would be distributed (more often), or a “negotiator”, who would conduct a partner dialogue with other social actors in order to reach a common agreement (less often). Problematyka konfliktów społecznych w exposés polskich premierów z lat 2007–2017Artykuł przedstawia założenia oraz wyniki analizy treści exposés polskich Prezesów Rady Ministrów z lat 2007–2017: Donalda Tuska (2007 i 2011), Ewy Kopacz (2014), Beaty Szydło (2015) i Mateusza Morawieckiego (2017), która służyła odpowiedzi na pytanie: czy i w jakim zakresie w wystąpieniach obecna była problematyka konfliktów społecznych oraz jakie strategie rozwiązywania sporów przez rząd były zapowiadane. Napięcia społeczne były jednym z motywów przewodnich każdego exposé, głównie w kontekście ich negatywnych skutków dla skuteczności polityki publicznej. W przemówieniach często pojawiały się apele o ograniczenie rywalizacji zarówno pomiędzy siłami politycznymi, jak i pomiędzy grupami społecznymi. Duże znaczenie przypisywano także konieczności przełamania kryzysu zaufania obywateli od instytucji państwowych. Wobec konfliktów społecznych premierzy zapowiadali pełnienie roli „arbitra” władczo rozstrzygającego, w jaki sposób przeprowadzona zostanie dystrybucja określonych zasobów (częściej), lub „negocjatora” prowadzącego partnerski dialog z innymi podmiotami społecznymi w celu wypracowania wspólnego porozumienia (rzadziej).
Emerging NiCo2O4 Electrode Materials Assembled by Nanosheets for High Performance Hybrid Capacitor with High Specific Capacitance
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhao Yan , Zhang Dong , Li Yucai , Song Shiwei , Ke Yunjie
Published: July 2020

Rational design and construction of hybrid capacitor electrode materials with prominent energy and power density plays an indispensable role for its potential application in energy storage devices. In this work, the nanoflower-like NiCo2O4 samples are successfully
prepared on Ni foam via a facile hydrothermal method. The as-fabricated NiCo2O4 samples exhibit superior electrochemical performance with a high specific capacitance of 444.4 F g–1 at 1 A g–1 and excellent capacitance retention. In addition,
the as-fabricated device presents a high energy density of 0.298 mWh cm–3 at a power density of 5.71 mW cm–3 and excellent cycle stability with the capacitance retention of 75.6% after 10000 cycles, indicating a promising application as electrodes for energy
storage device.
Researching Crime After a Disaster: What We Can Learn From a Large Survey in New Orleans After Hurricane Katrina
Authors: Weil Frederick D.
Published: July 2020

In this article, I describe a large ( N = 7,000) survey we conducted in greater New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina. We encountered many challenges in conducting the survey and used a number of creative means of collecting the data. Our survey, which included detailed questions about collective resources and can be aggregated to the census tract level, has great utility in investigating not only crime but also such questions as repopulation, blight reduction, resident stress, heart health, Airbnbs or short-term rentals, and foreclosures. The main difficulty was the time it took to conduct the survey because many interviews had to be done door-to-door and face-to-face to produce a representative sample. While we clearly outlined these limitations in papers we wrote, the survey duration raised questions of causal direction, and we had to conduct detailed tests of endogeneity to provide convincing evidence that our analyses were sound. I also briefly describe some of the other data we utilized, other surveys we conducted, and ethnographic and organizational work we did that not only assisted disaster recovery but also gave us insights into the social processes we investigated with our quantitative data.
Ten Reasons for Laparoendoscopic Repair of Hiatal Hernia
Authors: Fanous Medhat
Published: July 2020

Laparoendoscopic hiatal hernia repair (LEHHR) involves laparoscopic repair of hiatal hernia with concomitant transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF). The objective of this case presentation is to highlight the benefits of LEHHR in a patient with long term follow up. This patient is a 56-year-old woman with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease for 40 years. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) showed a 2 cm hiatal hernia. DeMeester score was 21.3. She underwent LEHHR 33 months ago. The patient underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic biliary dyskinesia. This provided the opportunity to examine the operative anatomy. There were minimal adhesions to the liver. The partial fundoplication was intact. The angle of His was preserved. The fundus was spared from any adhesions as TIF utilizes the cardia rather than the fundus to create the wrap. The plane behind the stomach was undisturbed. LEHHR has 10 main benefits. Anatomical benefits result from the preservation of the angle of His. Functional benefits relate to a partial fundoplication which normalizes pH values. LEHHR avoids bleeding from short gastric vessels and the creation of a wrap when anatomical obstacles present. Strategic benefits are directed toward any subsequent revisional reflux surgery. The lack of adhesions, easy access to the base of left crus, and sparing the fundus render revisional surgery straightforward.
Management of Esophageal Lung in a Patient With VACTERL Anomalies
Authors: Harrell Kevin N. , Brent Moss Jonathan , Dave Bhattacharya Syamal , Koontz Curtis S.
Published: July 2020

Esophageal lung is a rare type of bronchopulmonary foregut malformation where an anomalous main bronchus arises from the esophagus rather than the trachea. This differentiates from an esophageal bronchus where a lobar bronchus arises from the esophagus. Fewer than 30 of these anomalies have been reported in the literature. A female infant was born at 35 weeks gestational age and found to have multiple congenital abnormalities including cleft palate, long-gap esophageal atresia, tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF), imperforate anus, and renal anomalies. She initially underwent thoracoscopic ligation of TEF with colostomy and mucus fistula creation. Bronchoscopy found no right mainstem bronchus, and subsequent computed tomography scan was consistent with possible esophageal bronchus. Esophagoscopy through the gastrostomy discovered a fistulous connection between the distal esophagus and anomalous main right bronchus.

Right thoracotomy with pneumonectomy of the hypoplastic lung was performed. She subsequently underwent vaginostomy for hydrometrocolpos. Her proximal esophagus was diverted with a cervical esophagostomy for control of secretions. She also required tracheotomy and is currently at home on minimal ventilator settings awaiting staged reconstruction.

Esophageal lung is a rare congenital abnormality with few reported cases. Surgical treatment with pneumonectomy is often required, and pediatric surgeons should be familiar with these congenital bronchopulmonary malformations.
Occult Metastasis in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sharbel Daniel D. , Abkemeier Mary , Groves Michael W. , Albergotti William G. , Byrd J. Kenneth , Reyes-Gelves Camilo
Published: July 2020

Objective:

The incidence of occult metastasis (OM) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is still widely debated. In this systematic review, we aim to determine the rate of OM in laryngeal SCC, its impact on recurrence, and the role of elective neck dissection (END) in the management of the clinically negative neck.

Methods:

A systematic review of the English-language literature in Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases on occult metastasis in laryngeal SCC from 1977 to 2018 was conducted. Studies evaluating occult metastasis (OM) in patients with laryngeal SCC with clinically negative necks undergoing surgery were included. Studies evaluating other head and neck subsites, clinically node positive, and salvage patients were excluded.

Results:

Twenty-one articles with a total of 5630 patients were included. The overall rate of OM was 20.5% and was 23% and 12.2% in supraglottic and glottic tumors, respectively. The OM rate in T1-T2 tumors was 13% and 25% in T3-T4 tumors. T3-T4 tumors had significantly greater odds of developing OM compared to T1-T2 tumors (Odds Ratio [OR] = 2.61, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.92-3.55, P < .00001). Patients with OM were more likely to develop distant metastasis (OR = 5.65, 95% CI = 3.36-9.51, P < .00001).

Conclusions:

Patients with advanced T-stage laryngeal SCC should undergo elective neck treatment. More aggressive treatment for patients with history of OM should be considered due to the risk of subsequent regional and distant metastasis.

Level of Evidence:

II
How Do Large Purchasing Organizations Treat Their Diverse Suppliers? Minority Business Enterprise CEOs’ Perception of Corporate Commitment to Supplier Diversity
Authors: Blount Ian Y.
Published: July 2020

Supplier diversity programs were created in the United States nearly 50 years ago to encourage private sector companies to provide business opportunities to underutilized minority business enterprises. In order to assess the experiences that minority business enterprise CEOs have with large purchasing organizations and their perceptions of justice and commitment of large purchasing organizations to the buyer–supplier relationship (BSR), this study utilizes survey data collected from 206 minority business enterprise CEOs who supply large purchasing organizations that espouse a strong commitment to supplier diversity. The theoretical framework of organizational justice is utilized to establish testable hypotheses. The results from hierarchical linear regression show minority business enterprise CEOs’ perception of large purchasing organizations’ commitment to the BSR is positively related to the distributive and informational dimensions of organizational justice. Surprisingly, the procedural dimension was found to have a significantly negative relationship. This research also found a significant, negative relationship between minority firm CEOs’ perception of distributive and informational justice and their perceptions of unethical behavior by large purchasing organizations.
Police Stress and Race: Using General Strain Theory to Examine Racial Differences in Police Misconduct
Authors: Bishopp Stephen A. , Piquero Nicole Leeper , Piquero Alex R. , Worrall John L. , Rosenthal Jessica
Published: July 2020

A large body of research demonstrates the toll stress takes on police. However, with recent high-profile force incidents that have fueled distrust of police especially within minority communities, there is reason to expect that minority officers experience stress differently than their white counterparts. Within the context of Agnew’s (1992) General Strain Theory, this study examines the relationship between police stress and misconduct. As well, since a police stress/anger relationship has been found, we also analyze racial differences in the extent to which negative affect (anger) mediates the stress/outcome relationship. Using data from a survey of over 1,400 police officers working in three large cities in Texas, we find that stress is significantly related to officers’ acts of misconduct within both races. Moreover, there are noticeable differences in the role anger plays in the stress/misconduct relationship among white and minority officers.
Are Children Actually Losing Contact with Nature, or Is It That Their Experiences Differ from Those of 120 years Ago?
Authors: Novotný Petr , Zimová Eliška , Mazouchová Aneta , Šorgo Andrej
Published: July 2020

We compared the experience with nature of today’s children with data from the beginning of the 20th century to determine whether we can confirm a loss of experience and contribute to the description of changes in children’s relationship with nature. We used a questionnaire originally published in 1900 for this survey. Results from contemporary participants tested by ANOVA showed no difference in level of experience according to the age of the respondents. Comparing historical data with current data by a Z-test for proportions and Cohen’s h, we found a significant increase in contemporary children’s summary experiences. Although children of the 21st century have less experience with traditional extensive farming activities and biotechnologies, they have much more experience with nature, apparently connected with recreational and field-trip activities. We cannot confirm a decrease in experience among generations, on the contrary, we found a summary increase in experience.
The U.S. Health Care System on the Eve of the Covid-19 Epidemic: A Summary of Recent Evidence on Its Impaired Performance
Authors: Himmelstein David U. , Woolhandler Steffie
Published: July 2020

Four decades of neoliberal health policies have left the United States with a health care system that prioritizes the profits of large corporate actors, denies needed care to tens of millions, is extraordinarily fragmented and inefficient, and was ill prepared to address the COVID-19 pandemic. The payment system has long rewarded hospitals for providing elective surgical procedures to well-insured patients while penalizing those providing the most essential and urgent services, causing hospital revenues to plummet as elective procedures were cancelled during the pandemic. Before the recession caused by the pandemic, tens of millions of Americans were unable to afford care, compromising their physical and financial health; deep-pocketed corporate interests were increasingly dominating the hospital industry and taking over physicians’ practices; and insurers’ profits hit record levels. Meanwhile, yawning class-based and racial inequities in care and health outcomes remain and have even widened. Recent data highlight the failure of policy strategies based on market models and the need to shift to a nonprofit social insurance model.
Automated Detection of TMJ Osteoarthritis Based on Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Lee K.S. , Kwak H.J. , Oh J.M. , Jha N. , Kim Y.J. , Kim W. , Baik U.B. , Ryu J.J.
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study was to develop a diagnostic tool to automatically detect temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images with artificial intelligence. CBCT images of patients diagnosed with temporomandibular disorder were included for image preparation. Single-shot detection, an object detection model, was trained with 3,514 sagittal CBCT images of the temporomandibular joint that showed signs of osseous changes in the mandibular condyle. The region of interest (condylar head) was defined and classified into 2 categories—indeterminate for TMJOA and TMJOA—according to image analysis criteria for the diagnosis of temporomandibular disorder. The model was tested with 2 sets of 300 images in total. The average accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score over the 2 test sets were 0.86, 0.85, 0.84, and 0.84, respectively. Automated detection of TMJOA from sagittal CBCT images is possible by using a deep neural networks model. It may be used to support clinicians with diagnosis and decision making for treatments of TMJOA.
Transformative Life Experience as a Glimpse Into Potentiality
Authors: Russo-Netzer Pninit , Davidov Jonathan
Published: July 2020

Many clients cope with the consequences of transformative life experience (TLE) in psychotherapy. TLE often involves a radical, profound reorganization of or change in one’s life because of resulting formative, life-changing choices. Yet the essence of the mechanism people use to process and make sense of a TLE is unclear. This study is a phenomenological exploration of such experiences that aims to offer a heuristic theoretical view of how such change is constructed and played out. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 120 adults who had coped with the consequences of a TLE. Data analysis was guided by a hermeneutic phenomenology paradigm that postulates that people account for their experience within the four existentials of temporality, spatiality, corporality (embodiment), and relationality. Those lifeworld existentials were utilized as a framework and lens through which to organize the data. This procedure was followed by a hermeneutical interpretation to identify common features of lived experience along all four domains of analysis with the purpose of constructing a conceptual model that illustrates the essence of change during TLE. Implications are considered for utilizing theoretical and applied insights from the model.
Growing Hope
Authors: Phoo Evone Y.M.
Published: July 2020

The experience of COVID-19 is a novel experience for most of us and has brought forth existential anxieties and questions, such as that of our vulnerabilities, responsibilities, existential guilt, fear of life and death, freedom and isolation, and hope and despair. This article reflects the author’s existential journey during the lockdown of COVID-19, as the author pondered on the deeper meanings of this experience, and how hope can be found amid this crisis.
Associations of Five Facets of Mindfulness With Self-Regulation in College Students
Authors: MacDonald Helen Z.
Published: July 2020

Mindfulness has been associated with positive mental health functioning across a range of constructs, including self-regulation. Most of this research, however, has investigated mindfulness as a unidimensional domain. Few studies have examined the relationships between specific facets of mindfulness and particular dimensions of self-regulation, including delay of gratification and emotion regulation, despite relevance for mindfulness-based interventions. Two hundred and seventy-eight undergraduate college student participants completed a series of questionnaires examining dispositional mindfulness, difficulties with emotion regulation, and delay of gratification skills. Linear regressions investigated the associations between five facets of mindfulness and each of the two components of self-regulation. Findings revealed that describing, acting with awareness, nonjudging, and nonreacting mindfulness facets were negatively associated with difficulties with emotion regulation, and that observing, acting with awareness, and nonjudging mindfulness facets were positively associated with delay of gratification skills, after accounting for the effects of the other mindfulness subscales. These preliminary findings may have important clinical relevance, as greater self-regulation has critical implications for social, emotional, and academic functioning.
Contested places: Addressing the TRC in higher education
Authors: Styres Sandra , Zinga Dawn , Douglas Velta , Purton Fiona
Published: July 2020

Using a Community-First Land-Centered Framework this article reflects on an analysis of the research findings of a SSHRC funded research project. The project examined the ways two universities were interpreting and taking up the TRC report and its 94 Calls to Action. This is a crucial time in Canada’s relationship with Indigenous Peoples and the results of this research demonstrate that reconciliation remains a complex and challenging endeavour that has no quick fixes and further, that universities play a key role making the meaningful changes that are urgently needed to to make higher education welcoming and supportive for Indigenous Peoples.
Expected yaw rate–based trajectory tracking control with vision delay for intelligent vehicle
Authors: Xia Qiu , Chen Long , Xu Xing , Cai Yingfeng , Jiang Haobin , Pan Guangxiang
Published: July 2020

Accurate and real-time position of preview point is significant to trajectory tracking control of vision-guided intelligent vehicle. The unavoidable delay of road automatic identification system weakens trajectory tracking control performance, and even deteriorates the vehicle stability. Therefore, a compensator for the delay of road automatic identification system was proposed which combines the current statistical model and adaptive Kalman predictor to estimate the state of preview point position. The trajectory tracking sliding mode controller of intelligent vehicle is established through a 2–degrees of freedom vehicle dynamic model and motion model by using MATLAB/Simulink and CarSim. The trajectory tracking performance under 20–100 ms delay is analyzed. The simulation results show that the trajectory tracking performance of intelligent vehicle will be affected by the delay of road automatic identification system, reducing tracking accuracy. And when the delay is too large, it will deteriorate the vehicle stability and safety. In addition, the simulation results also verify the effectiveness of current statistical–adaptive Kalman predictor compensator at different delays.
Epistemological aspects of computational simulations and their approach through educational simulations in high school
Authors: Seoane María Eugenia , Greca Ileana M , Arriassecq Irene
Published: July 2020

Computer simulations are currently used in diverse scientific disciplines as well as in science teaching. The simulations proposed for physics teaching are designed for specific purposes and allow studying natural phenomena through exploration and/or modeling. In this work, we present an analysis that, based on the theoretical frame provided by the nature of science (NOS), considers some aspects of present discussions on computer simulations that should be taken into account to promote scientifically literate citizens. We examine different types of simulations used, specifically, in the teaching of physics for high school in the past few years. We also explore some of the current philosophical thoughts on scientific simulations and which of their aspects could become part of the teaching–learning process when using simulations in science teaching—for example, the role of the model in simulations, the relationship between simulations and experimentation, the validity of knowledge resulting from simulations, and the role of animation in relation to the simulation used. Discussing these aspects from the viewpoint of the NOS would provide students with an updated vision of scientific activity so that they could analyze the information they receive daily and, as members of society, take a stand accordingly.
Reentry of Incarcerated Juveniles: Correctional Education as a Turning Point Across Juvenile and Adult Facilities
Authors: Jäggi Lena , Kliewer Wendy
Published: July 2020

All incarcerated juveniles have to receive correctional education, but little is known about how these school experiences influence reentry. With longitudinal data of 569 incarcerated juveniles (91% male) from the Pathways to Desistance Project, this study tested how motivational (teacher bonding, school orientation, time spent on homework) and performance (grades) aspects of schooling were related to desistance for youth returning from juvenile versus adult facilities. Results revealed that across facility type, increased attachment to facility schools, but not grades, predicted increased gainful activity (attending school and/or working), less self-reported delinquency, and lower recidivism in the community. Path models showed that gainful activity during Months 1 through 6 was related to stay in community, but not to self-reported behavior in Months 7 through 12. Results indicate that incarceration is an environment that shapes future behavior, but also highlight differences between behavioral and system responses. Facility school experiences might be an important locus of intervention.
Perceptions of the Frontline Craft: Assessing Value Convergence Between Policy Makers, Managers, and Street-Level Professionals in the Prison Sector
Authors: Paanakker Hester L.
Published: July 2020

From the unique perspective of perceptions of the frontline craft, this study examines value convergence between policy makers, managers, and street-level professionals ( N = 55). Toxic stereotyping between staff levels, exacerbated by restrictive organizational conditions, are shown to overshadow positive value convergence from socialization processes. In this Dutch prison study, public officials are consistently biased to believe that the management above them prioritizes targets (values that support the organization) over content (values that serve prison inmates). This explains how perceived role and value differences impact the actualization of shared values in public service delivery much more negatively than the actual differences.