bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biological Control of Weeds in turfgrass: opportunities and misconceptions
Authors: Neal Joseph C
Published: March 2023

Turfgrass systems may offer opportunities for overcoming some constraints on the successful implementation of weed biocontrol. Of the roughly 16.4 million ha of turfgrass in the USA, ≈60–75% are in residential lawns and 3% are golf turf. Annual expenditures for a standard herbicide treatment regimen for residential turf are estimated to be ≈US$326 ha−1, about 2–3‐fold greater than that for USA corn and soybean growers. Expenditures can be >US$3000 ha−1 for control of certain weeds such as Poa annua in high‐value areas including golf fairways or greens, but those applications are made to far smaller areas. Regulatory actions and consumer preferences are creating market opportunities for alternatives to synthetic herbicides in both commercial and consumer markets, but the size of these markets and willingness‐to‐pay are poorly documented. Turfgrass sites are intensively managed, yet despite the ability to modify site conditions through irrigation, mowing and fertility management, microbial biocontrol agents tested thus far have not provided the consistently high levels of weed control expected in the market. Recent advances in microbial bioherbicide products may offer a path to overcome many of the obstacles to success. No single herbicide will control the diversity of turfgrass weeds, nor will any single biocontrol agent or biopesticide. Successful development of weed biocontrol for turfgrass systems will require numerous, effective biocontrol agents for the many weed species found in turfgrass environments, as well as a deeper understanding of different turfgrass market segments, and weed management expectations for each segment. © 2023 The Author. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Amorphous Silicon Films and Nanocolumns Deposited on Sapphire and GaN by DC Sputtering
Authors: Sun Michael , Valdueza-Felip Sirona , Naranjo Fernando B.
Published: March 2023

Sputtering is a deposition technique used to fabricate low‐cost silicon films on crystalline and amorphous substrates. Herein, the deposition of amorphous silicon films by DC sputtering on both sapphire and GaN/sapphire substrates is reported. Films are deposited using argon plasma with a pressure of 0.47 Pa at 30–60 W of DC power and different deposition temperatures from RT to 550 °C. The effect of different deposition conditions is investigated on structural quality, layer morphology, and optical properties of the layers. X‐ray diffraction measurements do not show any peak associated to crystalline silicon, while energy‐dispersive X‐ray demonstrates the presence of silicon in the layers. Silicon films deposited on sapphire show a compact morphology but the formation of silicon columns on GaN. On both substrates, the growth rate increases a factor of 3 with the applied DC power (50–150 nm h−1). Finally, the optical bandgap energy extracted from transmission measurements decreases from 2.40 to 2.10 eV with the DC power, due to the reduction of impurity incorporation. This work offers a low‐cost alternative for the deposition of amorphous compact silicon films and silicon nanocolumns at low temperature, for application in sensing, photonic, electronic, and photovoltaic devices.
Multilayer self‐organized aggregation control for large‐scale unmanned aerial vehicle swarms
Authors: Pan Zhenhua , Xia Yuanqing , Sun Zhongqi , Yu Tingting
Published: March 2023

The cooperative control of large‐scale unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms to establish a complex configuration is one of the most challenging goals. The poor scalability of the network topology, inability to self‐organize the desired configuration and the separation of swarm configuration are the main obstructions that hinder the attainment of the goal. This paper studies the self‐organized aggregation control of large‐scale UAVs by designing a scalable distributed network architecture. We present a novel centerless and scalable multilayer graph model to solve the nonextensible problem of the traditional network topology. A large number of UAVs are organized with several interconnected and globally covered layers, and each layer consists of many undifferentiated clusters. Afterwards, a self‐organized aggregation control law using the potential function method is designed for UAVs to realize autonomous configuration and configuration swarming under the consideration of collision and obstacle avoidance.
Deep Learning Method for Extracting Areas of Cancer Cells Using Microscope Images
Authors: Akiguchi Shunsuke , Kyoden Tomoaki , Terabayashi Taiki , Yamada Noboru , Andoh Tsugunobu , Hachiga Tadashi
Published: March 2023

The targets of therapy in treatments for cancer are the cancer cells themselves. To verify the effectiveness of treatment, a system to measure the status of these cells is necessary. The objective of this study is to develop a system that automatically measures the area of a cell colony in a microscope image and the number of cells in the colony. To this end, we propose a method to predict the colony region using deep learning, and to count the number of cells quantitatively and without staining. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Stop press: veterinary public health elective offers a fascinating insight
Authors: Lawrie Nicola , Johnston Leo
Published: March 2023

Fifth‐year students Nicola Lawrie and Leo Johnston share their experiences of this varied and eye‐opening rotation offered by the University of Glasgow.
Intensification of heat and mass transfer in nanomaterial flow over a rotating channel with chemical reaction: A comparative study
Authors: Rehman Aqeel ur , Abbas Zaheer , Ali Amjad , Alzahrani Abdullah Khamis , Asma Mir
Published: March 2023

The current study scrutinizes the impact of heat and mass transfer on the slip flow of a nanofluid in a rotating system, which is designed by two infinite parallel plates. The effects of a magnetic field, thermal radiation, and chemical reaction are also added to the flow system. Copper oxide (CuO) is considered the nanomaterial with drinking water as the base fluid. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations with the help of similarity transformations. These equations are solved analytically by employing the least square method (LSM) and the Galerkin method (GM). The results computed by these methods are compared with the numerical method such as the Runge–Kutta method of order four (RK4M). The extensive applications of LSM and GM in comparison with RK4M are also presented. Although the attained outcomes are in good agreement, the results obtained with GM are more accurate than that obtained with LSM. Moreover, the contributions of various fluid parameters on the velocity, temperature, and concentration of the fluid are discussed through graphs. Results reveal that the presence of slip in the boundary declines the fluid velocity. The rotational velocity is enhanced with the increment of the rotation parameter. The magnitude of the skin friction coefficient is reduced by increasing the nanoparticle volume fraction while it grows by rising the magnetic parameter. The Nusselt number shows an enhancement with nanoparticle volume fraction, and it yields a slight reduction by increasing the effect of a magnetic field.
Controversial views and moral realism
Authors: Rydenfelt Henrik
Published: March 2023

It is argued that the emergence of controversial views in discussions of theoretical medicine and bioethics is best explained by the assumption of moral realism within those discursive practices. Neither of the main alternatives of realism in contemporary meta-ethics — moral expressivism and anti-realism — can account for the rise of controversies in the bioethical debate. This argument draws from the contemporary expressivist or anti-representationalist pragmatism as advanced by Richard Rorty and Huw Price, as well as the pragmatist scientific realism and fallibilism of the founder of pragmatism, Charles S. Peirce. In accordance with the fallibilist view, it is proposed that presenting controversial positions may serve epistemic purposes within bioethical debates, providing opportunities for inquiry by pointing towards problems to be solved and arguments and evidence for and against to be put forward.
Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Anticancer Drug-Induced Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Dai Hua-ping , Ma Fei , Ren Yan-hong , Chen Shan-shan , Li Yi-qun
Published: March 2023

Drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DILD) is the most common pulmonary adverse event of anticancer drugs. In recent years, the incidence of anticancer DILD has gradually increased with the rapid development of novel anticancer agents. Due to the diverse clinical manifestations and the lack of specific diagnostic criteria, DILD is difficult to diagnose and may even become fatal if not treated properly. Herein, a multidisciplinary group of experts from oncology, respiratory, imaging, pharmacology, pathology, and radiology departments in China has reached the “expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of anticancer DILD” after several rounds of a comprehensive investigation. This consensus aims to improve the awareness of clinicians and provide recommendations for the early screening, diagnosis, and treatment of anticancer DILD. This consensus also emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration while managing DILD.
Facile and Economical Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Flexible Resistive Strain Sensors for Human Motion Detection
Authors: Shang Yulin , Zhang Bingzhen , Liu Jiyu , Xia Chunwen , Yang Xiaowei , Yan Defeng , Sun Jing
Published: March 2023

Superhydrophobic flexible strain sensors have great application value in the fields of personal health monitoring, human motion detection, and soft robotics due to their good flexibility and high sensitivity. However, complicated preparation processes and costly processing procedures have limited their development. To overcome these limitations, in this work we develop a facile and low-cost method for fabricating superhydrophobic flexible strain sensor via spraying carbon black (CB) nanoparticles dispersed in a thermoplastic elastomer (SEBS) solution on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) flexible substrate. The prepared strain sensor had a large water contact angle of 153 ± 2.83° and a small rolling angle of 8.5 ± 1.04°, and exhibited excellent self-cleaning property. Due to the excellent superhydrophobicity, aqueous acid, salt, and alkali could quickly roll off the flexible strain sensor. In addition, the sensor showed excellent sensitivity (gauge factor (GF) of 5.4–7.35), wide sensing ranges (stretching: over 70%), good linearity (three linear regions), low hysteresis (hysteresis error of 4.8%), and a stable response over 100 stretching-releasing cycles. Moreover, the sensor was also capable of effectively detecting human motion signals like finger bending and wrist bending, showing promising application prospects in wearable electronic devices, personalized health monitoring, etc.
A Companion to Don Quixote
Authors: Close Anthony
Published: March 2023

An introduction to Cervantes's complex masterpiece.
Pilot study evaluating intravenous amoxicillin-clavulanate as an alternative to piperacillin-tazobactam for general surgery patients
Authors: Drost Sarah A. , Rajakumar Irina , Rennert-May Elissa
Published: March 2023

In this point-prevalence survey followed by prospective audit and feedback at 4 tertiary-care hospitals in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, we evaluated whether intravenous amoxicillin-clavulanate may be used as a narrower-spectrum alternative to intravenous piperacillin-tazobactam for patients admitted to general surgery services.
Heights on stacks and a generalized Batyrev–Manin–Malle conjecture
Authors: Ellenberg Jordan S. , Satriano Matthew , Zureick-Brown David
Published: March 2023

We define a notion of height for rational points with respect to a vector bundle on a proper algebraic stack with finite diagonal over a global field, which generalizes the usual notion for rational points on projective varieties. We explain how to compute this height for various stacks of interest (for instance: classifying stacks of finite groups, symmetric products of varieties, moduli stacks of abelian varieties, weighted projective spaces). In many cases, our uniform definition reproduces ways already in use for measuring the complexity of rational points, while in others it is something new. Finally, we formulate a conjecture about the number of rational points of bounded height (in our sense) on a stack

$\mathcal {X}$

, which specializes to the Batyrev–Manin conjecture when

$\mathcal {X}$

is a scheme and to Malle’s conjecture when

$\mathcal {X}$

is the classifying stack of a finite group.
High-energy, hundred-picosecond pulsed 266 nm mid-ultraviolet generation by a barium borate crystal
Authors: Wen Ning , Wang Nan , Zong Nan , Lin Xue-Chun , Gao Hong-Wei , Bo Yong , Peng Qin-Jun , Cui Da-Fu , Xu Zu-Yan
Published: March 2023

We present a high-energy, hundred-picosecond (ps) pulsed mid-ultraviolet solid-state laser at 266 nm by a direct second harmonic generation (SHG) in a barium borate (BaB2O4, BBO) nonlinear crystal. The green pump source is a 710 mJ, 330 ps pulsed laser at a wavelength of 532 nm with a repetition rate of 1 Hz. Under a green pump energy of 710 mJ, a maximum output energy of 253.3 mJ at 266 nm is achieved with 250 ps pulse duration resulting in a peak power of more than 1 GW, corresponding to an SHG conversion efficiency of 35.7% from 532 to 266 nm. The experimental data were well consistent with the theoretical prediction. To the best of our knowledge, this laser exhibits both the highest output energy and highest peak power ever achieved in a hundred-ps/ps regime at 266 nm for BBO-SHG.
Special Forum: Handwriting and Power in Early Stuart England Introduction
Authors: Millstone Noah
Published: March 2023

Early Stuart England was awash in handwriting. Handwriting was the medium of property records, law, account books, and scholarly note taking. A large share of government was conducted through handwritten policy briefs, registers, and circular letters. Equally, it was the medium of prisoners, beggars, petitioners, and village wits. Collectors compiled handwritten poems, prophecies, speeches, recipes, and anecdotes. The number of English people who knew how to operate a printing press was probably in the low hundreds, the number who could write at least a bit likely in the hundreds of thousands. Writing was accessible, widely understood, and practiced. It was the medium to hand.
Comparative law outside the ivory tower: an interdisciplinary perspective
Authors: Wilson Paulina E
Published: March 2023

Whereas legal comparisons tend to be concerned with legal systems, structures or rules, this paper focuses on a more fundamental element of law: a legal concept. From the semiotic point of view, a concept is an element of the tripartite construct of meaning, which – in the legal context – is derived from a particular legal system. Since effective communication in legal practice is predicated on the unity of meaning, issues are likely to arise when an act of communication spans disparate legal cultures. When the epistemic embedding of legal concepts fundamentally differs between the respective legal systems with which the participants to a communicative event are familiar, conceptual incommensurability will arise, impeding the communication process and, potentially, also having an impact on associated court proceedings.

Against this theoretical backdrop, the paper shifts its focus to globalised legal practice, which requires a broader legal skillset and comparative perspectives. As an illustration, the equivalence of selected substantive law concepts is explored across the common law/civil law divide, accurate comprehension of which is essential to intercultural provision of legal services. Drawing parallels between the functional method in comparative law and the functional approach recommended in legal translation, an overview is provided of techniques for remedying terminological incongruence and conveying intended meaning across legal cultures. The paper concludes by querying whether the law curriculum would be enhanced by inclusion of comparative and linguistic perspectives, with a view to equipping graduates with interdisciplinary tools for effective legal communication and global law practice.
SINE QUA NON: INFERRING KODJADERMEN-GUMELNIȚA-KARANOVO VI POPULATION DYNAMICS FROM AGGREGATED PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS OF RADIOCARBON DATES
Authors: Popescu Gabriel M , Covătaru Cristina , Opriș Ionela , Bălășescu Adrian , Carozza Laurent , Radu Valentin , Haită Constantin , Sava Tiberiu , Barton C Michael , Lazăr Cătălin
Published: March 2023

Past human population dynamics play a key role in integrated models of understanding socio-ecological change over time. However, little analysis on this issue has been carried out for the prehistoric societies in the Lower Danube and Eastern Balkans area. Here, we use summed probability distributions of radiocarbon dates to investigate potential regional and local variation population dynamics. Our study adopts a formal model-testing approach to the fifth millennium BC archaeological radiocarbon record, performing a region-wide, comparative analysis of the demographic trajectories of the area along lower Danube River. We follow the current framework of theoretical models of population growth and perform global and regional significance and spatial permutation tests on the data. Specifically, we investigate whether populations on both sides of the Danube follow a logistic pattern of steady growth, followed by a major decline over time. Finally, our analysis of local-scale growth investigates whether considerable heterogeneity or homogeneity within the region may be observed over the time span considered here. The results show both similarities and differences in the population trends across the area. Our findings are showcased in relation to the cultural characteristics of the region’s 5th millennium BC societies, and future research directions are also suggested.
End plate interference effects on the aerodynamics of a circular cylinder in uniform flow
Authors: Fox T. A.
Published: March 2023

Results are presented of an investigation into the interference effects associated with end plates of a type commonly used for the simulation of infinitely long (‘two-dimensional’) cylinder flow conditions around models confined with the working section of a wind tunnel. Experiments were performed with smooth circular cylinders of low area blockage in steady, low-turbulence, uniform airflow at a Reynolds number of 4·4 x 104 and involved the measurement of vortex shedding frequencies in the wake of the body, together with mean and fluctuating surface pressures, from which coefficients of local mean drag, r.m.s. lift and r.m.s. drag were calculated, and the use of a surface flow visualisation technique. The results reveal the aerodynamic characteristics of the disturbance induced by an end plate within the interference region which extends to 3·5 diameters from each plate.
The 31st Lanchester Lecture Lanchester-The Man
Authors: Ackroyd J. A. D.
Published: March 2023

From the first, let me nail my colours firmly to the mast by quoting Beethoven’s eventual dedication of the “Eroica” Symphony. For this particular Lanchester Lecture we are “to celebrate the memory of a great man”. My meaning here, I hasten to add, has none of that bitter intention of the Republican Beethoven who, so the story goes, having ripped out his earlier dedication to Bonaparte then substituted those words to commemorate the man once revered but who had recently proclaimed himself Emperor of the French. My intention is that we celebrate the memory of a man whose thinking remains as alive, as vital, as the day he set pen to paper. Each day of our lives we see his vision made manifest reality in the vapour trails of the Big Jets high overhead. And to borrow such a dedication seems appropriate since, not only was Lanchester a great admirer of Beethoven’s music, but also Lanchester’s largeness of spirit, his grandness of vision, his capacity for unremitting sheer hard labour put him in the heroic mould.
Numerical predictions of transonic viscous flows around aerofoils through an Euler/boundary layer interaction method
Authors: Coiro D. P. , Amato M. , De Matteis P.
Published: March 2023

A semi-inverse viscous/inviscid coupling technique for the calculation of compressible flows is presented. Euler equations in integral form are solved for the inviscid part and integral compressible boundary-layer equations in direct and inverse form are solved for the viscous one. Interaction is realised using the equivalent sources approach.

The technique has been applied to the calculation of the aerodynamic characteristics of aerofoils both in cruise and take-off or landing configurations. To treat the complex geometries involved in the latter case, a multi-block approach, based on structured ‘H’ grid topology, has been developed and validated for different configurations.
Longitudinal vortex control — techniques and applications
Authors: Bushnell D.M.
Published: March 2023

Longitudinal vortices have tremendous practical utility for flow control (control by vortices) and in some cases have exhibited tremendous potential for causing harm if uncontrolled (i.e. control of vortices is required). Vortex control has thus far been carried out via multitudinous approaches in an empirical fashion, aided by the essentially inviscid nature of much of longitudinal vortex behaviour. Further refinement and several applications of vortex flow control require knowledge regarding the detailed flow physics of longitudinal vortices such as transition, transitional flow regimes, turbulence structure and modelling, and interaction with shock waves, other vortices and surfaces. This paper summarises vortex control applications and extant techniques for the control of longitudinal vortices produced by bodies, leading edges, tips, and intersections.
Breaking through the 106 barrier
Authors: Howard R.W.
Published: March 2023

The fatal accident rate in the world commercial fleet of large jet transports has been on a near plateau for more than 15 years since the absorption of the major advances made with the last generation of technology and operational systems.

Notwithstanding continuing technical advances, the increasing size of the world fleet demands more significant improvements if the actual number of accidents is to be reduced.

This paper promotes the view that a further overall increase in the safety of air transport from the high levels currently achieved is unlikely to come about by normal evolution. It suggests that what will be required in future is planned improvements, quantified by statistical safety assessment methods. Such assessment should encompass the totality of an integrated Air Transport System, as distinct from the current practice of assessing the Aircraft Airworthiness, Air Traffic Management, Flight Operations Management and Air Navigation systems in isolation. The setting of new targets for overall safety should derive from an integrated systems approach.

A relevant history of systems statistical safety assessment is reviewed, and certain aspects of cockpit automation and systems which may contribute to the future advancement of overall safety are considered.
Wing pressure loads in canard configurations: a comparison between numerical results and experimental data
Authors: Buresti G. , Lombardi G. , Petagna P.
Published: March 2023

A comparison between computed and experimental pressure distributions on straight and forward-swept wings placed in interference with a fore canard surface at M = 0·3 and Re ≈ 2·8x106 is presented. It is shown that a numerical code, based on a non-linear vortex lattice method and expressly developed for the analysis of interfering lifting surfaces, is capable, in spite of its simplicity, of very accurate predictions in all configurations which do not correspond to sufficiently high angles of attack and to a close interference between the fore wake and the wing surface. Furthermore, even in the latter cases the predictions are acceptable, and the code is shown to be extremely robust as regards the variation of all its free parameters.
The numerical simulation of flow about installed aero engine nacelle using a finite element Euler solver on unstructured meshes
Authors: Peiró J. , Peraire J. , Morgan K. , Hassan O. , Birch N.
Published: March 2023

The application of the unstructured mesh system FLITE3D.0 to the numerical analysis of the inviscid Euler flow past installed aero-engine nacelle is described. The main features of the system are detailed and the approach is demonstrated by simulating the flow over a Rolls-Royce model of a twin-engined civil transport aircraft with long-cowl nacelle powerplants. The computed pressure distributions are compared with the measurements produced by transonic wind tunnel experiments.
Growth, development, and host preference of Histiostoma feroniarum (Acaridida: Histiostomatidae): effects of temperature and types of mushroom cultivar
Authors: Qu Shao Xuan , Li Hui Ping , Zhu Jia Chun , Liu Jun Jie , Luo Xin , Ma Lin , Wang Qiang , Chen Ke Ping
Published: March 2023

One of the most common harmful mites in edible fungi is Histiostoma feroniarum Dufour (Acaridida: Histiostomatidae), a fungivorous astigmatid mite that feeds on hyphae and fruiting bodies, thereby transmitting pathogens. This study examined the effects of seven constant temperatures and 10 types of mushrooms on the growth and development of H. feroniarum, as well as its host preference. Developmental time for the total immature stages was significantly affected by the type of mushroom species, ranging from 4.3 ± 0.4 days (reared on Pleurotus eryngii var. tuoliensis Mou at 28°C) to 17.1 ± 2.3 days (reared on Auricularia polytricha Sacc. at 19°C). The temperature was a major factor in the formation of facultative heteromorphic deutonymphs (hypopi). The mite entered the hypopus stage when the temperature dropped to 16°C or rose above 31°C. The growth and development of this mite were significantly influenced by the type of species and variety of mushrooms. Moreover, the fungivorous astigmatid mite preferred to feed on the ‘Wuxiang No. 1’ strain of Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler and the ‘Gaowenxiu’ strain of P. pulmonarius (Fr.) Quél., with a shorter development period compared with that of feeding on other strains. These results therefore quantify the effect of host type and temperature on fungivorous astigmatid mite growth and development rates, and provide a reference for applying mushroom cultivar resistance to biological pest control.
A review of the results from a patient experience survey of the palliative radiotherapy bone metastases service
Authors: Griffiths Sarah Jayne
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

A patient experience survey was undertaken as part of the role of the Macmillan Consultant Therapy Radiographer for the bone and brain metastases patients to inform future development of the service.

Method:

A questionnaire was developed and approved by the Trust’s local Questionnaire, Interview and Survey Group to survey the experiences and satisfaction of the service including the informed consent process, radiotherapy appointments and overall experience and satisfaction. The survey used qualitative and quantitative methods, including Likert Scales and free comment boxes. The responses were analysed by counting the frequency of each response and identifying any themes in free text responses.

Results:

Most patients were satisfied with the consent process with 1/36 patients reporting a lack of understandable information and 4/36 wanting more side effect information. The option of plan and treat was a preference of 53% of patients due to travelling back and forth to the centre; however, only 6% stated that they wanted two separate appointments. Ninety-four percent of patients felt that they had complete confidence and trust in the professional who consented them and 86% did not feel fully involved in the decision-making process. Overall, the service was rated as 10/10 by 61% of patients (n = 36).

Conclusions:

The patients surveyed were satisfied with their experience of the Palliative Radiotherapy Service; however, it needs to be developed further to meet the needs and expectations of the service users.
How Parental Support Affects Latina Girls During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mullins Jordan L. , Zhou Elayne , Michalska Kalina J.
Published: March 2023

Abstract. The current study focuses on a sample of low- to middle-income school-age Latina girls and their parents and examines how children’s distress proneness interacts with parental empathic accuracy and posttraumatic growth in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic to predict children’s empathy and prosocial behavior toward unknown others. Approximately 2–3 months into state-mandated stay-at-home orders, 55 parent–daughter dyads were recruited to participate in this four-session longitudinal study. To assess distress proneness, daughters (ages 8–13 years, 100% Latina) identified their degree of distress in response to pandemic-related stressors. Concurrently, their parents reported how they thought their children would respond to these same pandemic-related stressors, which assessed parental empathic accuracy. Parents also completed an adapted version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, which assessed perceived positive outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic. Upon study completion, a behavioral measure of children’s empathic and prosocial behaviors was collected. Parental empathic accuracy interacted with children’s distress proneness to positively predict children’s affective empathy, such that children’s distress proneness predicted affective empathy at high and mean, but not low, levels of parental empathic accuracy. In a separate analysis, parental posttraumatic growth interacted with children’s distress proneness to positively predict children’s altruistic sharing behavior, such that children’s distress proneness predicted altruistic sharing behavior only at high, but not mean or low, levels of parental posttraumatic growth. The results of this study highlight how positive parental socialization and understanding of children’s tendencies toward distress are associated with children’s empathic and prosocial behaviors, particularly during major global crises.
Performance of Seven Land Surface Schemes in the WRFv4.3 Model for Simulating Precipitation in the Record‐Breaking Meiyu Season Over the Yangtze–Huaihe River Valley in China
Authors: Di Zhenhua , Zhang Shenglei , Quan Jiping , Ma Qian , Qin Peihua , Li Jianduo
Published: March 2023

In 2020, the Yangtze–Huai river valley (YHRV) experienced the highest record‐breaking Meiyu season since 1961, which was mainly characterized by the longest duration of precipitation lasting from early‐June to mid‐July, with frequent heavy rainstorms that caused severe flooding and deaths in China. Many studies have investigated the causes of this Meiyu season and its evolution, but the accuracy of precipitation simulations has received little attention. It is important to provide more accurate precipitation forecasts to help prevent and reduce flood disasters, thereby facilitating the maintenance of a healthy and sustainable earth ecosystem. In this study, we determined the optimal scheme among seven land surface model (LSMs) schemes in the Weather Research and Forecasting model for simulating the precipitation in the Meiyu season during 2020 over the YHRV region. We also investigated the mechanisms in the different LSMs that might affect precipitation simulations in terms of water and energy cycling. The results showed that the simulated amounts of precipitation were higher under all LSMs than the observations. The main differences occurred in rainstorm areas (>12 mm/day), and the differences in low rainfall areas were not significant (<8 mm/day). Among all of the LSMs, the Simplified Simple Biosphere (SSiB) model obtained the best performance, with the lowest root mean square error and the highest correlation. The SSiB model even outperformed the Bayesian model averaging result. Finally, some factors responsible for the differences modeling results were investigated to understand the related physical mechanism.
Mesoscale Variability, Critical Latitude and Eddy Mean Properties in the Tropical South‐East Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Halo Issufo , Raj Roshin P. , Korosov Anton , Penven Pierrick , Johannessen Johnny A. , Rouault Mathieu
Published: March 2023

Equatorward decrease of mesoscale eddy abundance, and meridional variations of their mean properties in the tropical South‐East Atlantic Ocean have been investigated on the basis of horizontal length‐scales of geostrophic flows, and theories of two‐dimensional geostrophic turbulence on a β‐plane. Meridional variations of satellite‐derived altimetric eddy kinetic energy density spectra were assessed in bins of 5°, from 5°S to 25°S, zonally averaged between 8°W and 15°E. They revealed two latitudinal bands of minimum eddy energy spectra: one in the northern Angola Basin (5°S–10°S) and the other across the Angola Benguela Front (15°S–20°S). In the latter, both the eddy forcing scale and the Rhines scale were observed at wavelengths of 300 and 350 km respectively, suggesting that only a small spectral range exists for eddies to grow. On the other hand, in the former, the eddy forcing scale and the Rhines scale were observed at wavelengths of 454 and 520 km respectively. The ratio between the Rhines scale and the first baroclinic Rossby radius revealed an onset of a critical latitude at about 11.4°S. Consistently, maps of eddy frequency of occurrence computed from eddies identified in the region has shown a notable decay in signal of the eddy density distribution around that latitude. This could explain the sharp equatorward transition of mesoscale processes observed in this region, which seems to shift from nonlinear eddies to linear Rossby waves, potentially explaining why fewer eddies are observed in the region when compared to other regions of the world oceans.
Machine learning nonequilibrium electron forces for spin dynamics of itinerant magnets
Authors: Zhang Puhan , Chern Gia-Wei
Published: March 2023

We present a generalized potential theory for conservative as well as nonconservative forces for the Landau-Lifshitz magnetization dynamics. Importantly, this formulation makes possible an elegant generalization of the Behler-Parrinello machine learning (ML) approach, which is a cornerstone of ML-based quantum molecular dynamics methods, to the modeling of force fields in adiabatic spin dynamics of out-of-equilibrium itinerant magnetic systems. We demonstrate our approach by developing a deep-learning neural network that successfully learns the electron-mediated exchange fields in a driven s-d model computed from the nonequilibrium Green’s function method. We show that dynamical simulations with forces predicted from the neural network accurately reproduce the voltage-driven domain-wall propagation. Our work also lays the foundation for ML modeling of spin transfer torques and opens a avenue for ML-based multi-scale modeling of nonequilibrium dynamical phenomena in itinerant magnets and spintronics.
Machine learning classifiers for screening nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in general adults
Authors: Qin Shenghua , Hou Xiaomin , Wen Yuan , Wang Chunqing , Tan Xiaxian , Tian Hao , Ao Qingqing , Li Jingze , Chu Shuyuan
Published: March 2023

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of major causes of end-stage liver disease in the coming decades, but it shows few symptoms until it develops into cirrhosis. We aim to develop classification models with machine learning to screen NAFLD patients among general adults. This study included 14,439 adults who took health examination. We developed classification models to classify subjects with or without NAFLD using decision tree, random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and support vector machine (SVM). The classifier with SVM was showed the best performance with the highest accuracy (0.801), positive predictive value (PPV) (0.795), F1 score (0.795), Kappa score (0.508) and area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) (0.712), and the second top of area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) (0.850). The second-best classifier was RF model, which was showed the highest AUROC (0.852) and the second top of accuracy (0.789), PPV (0.782), F1 score (0.782), Kappa score (0.478) and AUPRC (0.708). In conclusion, the classifier with SVM is the best one to screen NAFLD in general population based on the results from physical examination and blood testing, followed by the classifier with RF. Those classifiers have a potential to screen NAFLD in general population for physician and primary care doctors, which could benefit to NAFLD patients from early diagnosis.
Impacts of recent climate change on crop yield can depend on local conditions in climatically diverse regions of Norway
Authors: Mohammadi Shirin , Rydgren Knut , Bakkestuen Vegar , Gillespie Mark A. K.
Published: March 2023

Globally, climate change greatly impacts the production of major crops, and there have been many attempts to model future yields under warming scenarios in recent years. However, projections of future yields may not be generalisable to all crop growing regions, particularly those with diverse topography and bioclimates. In this study, we demonstrate this by evaluating the links between changes in temperature and precipitation and changes in wheat, barley, and potato yields at the county-level during 1980–2019 in Norway, a Nordic country with a range of climates across a relatively small spatial scale. The results show that the impacts of climate variables on yield vary widely by county, and that for some crops, the strength and direction of the link depends on underlying local bioclimate. In addition, our analysis demonstrates the need for some counties to focus on weather changes during specific crucial months corresponding with certain crop growth stages. Furthermore, due to the local climatic conditions and varying projected climate changes, different production opportunities are likely to occur in each county.
A systematic mapping study for graphical user interface testing on mobile apps
Authors: Nie Liming , Said Kabir Sulaiman , Ma Lingfei , Zheng Yaowen , Zhao Yangyang
Published: March 2023

Mobile apps with tested Graphical User Interface (GUI) tend to have higher downloads in the apps store. In recent years, few efforts were made to analyse the research community and research status of the literature for GUI testing on mobile apps, which brings an obstacle to characterise and understand this field. In this study, the authors propose a systematic mapping study to gain insights into the field. First, the authors conduct an extensive search of relevant literature over seven popular digital libraries. From 4427 candidate studies, 114 primary studies published between January 2011 and September 2022 were selected. Next, the authors analyse these primary studies from the perspectives of bibliometric and qualitative analysis. For the bibliometric analysis, first, the authors analyse the popular research topics and their relationships. Second, the authors study the authors' community. For the qualitative analysis, the authors analyse the objectives, approaches and evaluation metrics employed in these primary studies. Their investigation reports several major findings: (1) there are relatively more studies on two topics, that is, test case generation and the automated test; (2) the most productive authors tend to collaborate and often have relatively broad research interests; (3) the functionality is the main objective of GUI testing; the model‐based approach is the most widely used.
Les directives anticipées éclairées par la clinique de la post-réanimation et du handicap grave acquis
Authors: Mimouni Arnaud
Published: March 2023

Les directives anticipées existent depuis 17 ans pourtant leur mise en application reste difficile pour le citoyen et pour les professionnels du soin. La clinique du handicap acquis amène un éclairage singulier sur les directives anticipées rappelant la complexité de ce qu’est une anticipation.
Vers un dialogue entre recherche et clinique : l’alliance thérapeutique
Authors: De Roten Yves
Published: March 2023

Chercheurs et cliniciens vivent dans des mondes de plus en plus séparés, précipitant la psychothérapie dans une crise de légitimité. Cet article fait l’hypothèse que l’alliance thérapeutique, en tant que variable intégrative par excellence, est un élément à même de réduire ce fossé, en considérant en particulier que l’alliance entre chercheur et clinicien repose sur les mêmes bases que l’alliance de travail entre patient et thérapeute. Quelques exemples de recherches empiriques permettent d’aborder plus particulièrement trois aspects conflictuels de nos connaissances actuelles concernant l’alliance : comme facteur commun ou comme agent spécifique, comme utile au chercheur ou utile au clinicien, enfin la distinction entre composante-trait et la composante-état de l’alliance. Le temps est venu de fortifier cette alliance vitale entre recherche et pratique clinique.
Le paradigme de la Recherche sur le Processus de Changement. Pour un rapprochement entre cliniciens et chercheurs
Authors: Duriez Nathalie
Published: March 2023

Cet article présente le paradigme de la Recherche sur le Processus de Changement. En 1966, Kiesler a posé les bases de ce nouveau paradigme en insistant sur la relation interpersonnelle et la complémentarité des réponses du patient aux interventions du thérapeute. Dans la continuité de ces travaux, Greenberg (1986) s’intéresse non seulement à la singularité de la thérapie mais aussi à la singularité des différents épisodes de la thérapie. En tenant compte du contexte et en recueillant le point de vue des participants (thérapeute et patient), il propose une méthode d’analyse des tâches pour les événements significatifs de façon à mieux identifier, décrire, expliquer et prédire les processus de changement. Nous illustrerons ce paradigme de la Change Process Research par l’étude d’un épisode en thérapie familiale en nous appuyant sur la perspective des patients pour sélectionner l’événement significatif. La méthode permet de réduire le fossé entre la pratique et la recherche car le clinicien peut s’appuyer sur ce type d’analyse lorsqu’il est effectué durant la thérapie pour mieux s’ajuster aux patients lors des sessions suivantes dans une pratique d’auto-supervision.
Enfants du traumatisme viols et maltraitances
Authors: Darves-Bornoz Jean-Michel
Published: March 2023

Les traumatismes psychiques affectent en premier lieu les enfants et les adolescents et ils résultent avant tout de maltraitance physique et sexuelle.

Dans le Centre d’Accueil de victimes de violences de Tours, dans lequel j’ai mis en œuvre des recherches et des traitements à partir de 1992, les mineurs représentaient les trois-quarts des patients. Nous avons confirmé la gravité de ce problème lors d’une enquête épidémiologique menée en collaboration avec le groupe INSERM « Santé de l’Adolescent » de Marie Choquet sur plusieurs milliers d’adolescents représentatifs de la population générale : un adolescent sur cinq avait fait l’expérience d’une agression physique ou sexuelle, et si le nombre d’agressions sexuelles n’y excédait pas celui des agressions physiques, par contre leurs conséquences psychologiques excédaient considérablement celles des agressions physiques.

Plusieurs syndromes apparaissent après l’expérience de viol ou d’agression. Ils ont une sémiologie distincte et une évolution indépendante. Nous en avons isolé trois : le syndrome traumatique dissociatif et phobique, le syndrome traumatique de reviviscence et le syndrome traumatique de type limite. Ils se déclenchent généralement tous en même temps ou dans une succession rapprochée. Cela confirme ce que les psychiatres français du dix-neuvième siècle avaient relevé à leur façon.

Le syndrome de reviviscence est fort mais les deux autres sont souvent plus inquiétants, particulièrement chez les enfants et les adolescents parce qu’ils engendrent des troubles dans le développement psychologique. Le traitement le plus approprié est la psychanalyse existentielle.
Douleur et retentissement psychologique en période Covid-19 : deux enquêtes sur un an de pandémie Covid-19 en France
Authors: Barfety-Servignat Véronique , Bera-Louville Anne , Taylor Céline , Delêtre Véronique , Liegeard Thibaud , Bioy Antoine
Published: March 2023

Nous avons étudié le retentissement psychologique des confinements à partir des réponses d’une étude réalisée en deux phases sur une année dans une population de patients douloureux chroniques. Ce travail montre l’impact en termes de majoration importante des douleurs, des troubles de l’humeur et des conduites instinctuelles dans les populations de patients douloureux chroniques. Pour la moitié des répondants, l’expérience de confinement a produit angoisse, troubles de l’humeur et du sommeil, fatigue. Les liens entre durée prolongée du confinement et risque accru de troubles anxio-dépressifs témoignent également de la nécessité d’être vigilant à cette symptomatologie dans les cas de re-confinement, même lorsqu’ils sont partiels. Dans ces espaces de restriction, les psychologues auront sans doute à mettre en travail le rapport au corps, à mobiliser la résistance vitale individuelle chez les patients et dans les équipes de soins – puisque nous partageons cette même expérience – et chercher à mobiliser les capacités d’imagination et de rêverie individuelle et collective.
Herzratenvariabilität und selbstverletzendes Verhalten
Authors: Nickel Sandra , Abler Birgit
Published: March 2023

Die wissenschaftliche Untersuchung der Herzratenvariabilität im Kontext psychiatrischer Forschungs- und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten hat in den letzten Jahren aufgrund des zunehmenden Verständnisses von psychophysiologischen Vorgängen, aufkommendem Interesse an Biofeedbackverfahren und bestehenden sportmedizinischen Erkenntnissen deutlich zugenommen. Erste translationale Studien erschließen mögliche Zusammenhänge zwischen Herzratenvariabilität und psychischen Störungsbildern sowie anderen neurobiologischen Korrelaten. Hinweise, dass die Herzratenvariabilität eng mit psychologischen Konstrukten wie Emotionsregulation oder Schmerzwahrnehmung verknüpft ist, legen nahe, dass dies auch für psychiatrische Symptome wie selbstverletzendes Verhalten gelten könnte, und dass auf diese Weise neue Interventionsperspektiven erschlossen oder bestehende Therapien ergänzt werden könnten. Studien zur konkreten Interaktion von Herzratenvariabilität und selbstverletzendem Verhalten, die eine Implementierung innerhalb therapeutischer Ansätze ermöglichen würden, stehen noch aus. Die folgende Arbeit stellt eine Übersicht mit Fokus auf der Forschung zur Herzratenvariabilität bei selbstverletzendem Verhalten dar.
Onabotulinumtoxin zur Behandlung der Vulvodynie
Authors: Antonakakis Angela
Published: March 2023

Die Vulvodynie ist eine komplexe Schmerzerkrankung der Vulva, die wahrscheinlich multifaktoriell ist und zu einer erheblichen Beeinträchtigung der Lebensqualität führt. Die Therapie beruht meistens auf mehreren Ebenen wie der medikamentösen Therapie, Biofeedback und Physiotherapie. Dennoch ist die Erkrankung oft nur schwer zu behandeln. In einer retrospektiven Studie über 26 Frauen mit Vulvodynie wurde eine Therapie mit Onabotulinumtoxin 100 E untersucht, zusätzlich erhielten die Patientinnen zeitweise Duloxetin. Dabei zeigte sich bei 21 der betroffenen Frauen eine signifikante Besserung der Schmerzen und der Lebensqualität durch diese Therapie. Bei 14 Patientinnen genügte eine einmalige Gabe von Onabotulinumtoxin. Zusammenfassend deuten die Ergebnisse dieser retrospektiven Studie darauf hin, dass Onabotulinumtoxin in der Behandlung der Vulvodynie bei bisher therapierefraktären Frauen wirksam sein kann.