bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant and UV-radiation absorption activity of aaptamine derivatives – potential application for natural organic sunscreens
Authors: Nguyen Thi Le Anh , Doan Thi Hoai Nam , Truong Dinh Hieu , Ai Nhung Nguyen Thi , Quang Duong Tuan , Khiri Dorra , Taamalli Sonia , Louis Florent , El Bakali Abderrahman , Dao Duy Quang
Published: June 2021

Antioxidant and UV absorption activities of three aaptamine derivatives were theoretically studied by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT).
Suppressing the rebound of impacting droplets from solvophobic surfaces by polymer additives: polymer adsorption and molecular mechanisms
Authors: Lee Eunsang , Chilukoti Hari Krishna , Müller-Plathe Florian
Published: June 2021

Droplet rebound is suppressed by a small amount of polymer additives by two molecular mechanisms, slow retraction and slow hopping. Both mechanisms are attributed to the polymer adsorption on the surface.
Energy dependent XPS measurements on thin films of a poly(vinyl methyl ether)/polystyrene blend concentration profile on a nanometer resolution to understand the behavior of nanofilms
Authors: Gawek Marcel , Madkour Sherif , Szymoniak Paulina , Radnik Jörg , Schönhals Andreas
Published: June 2021

The composition of the surface layer in dependence from the distance of the polymer/air interface in thin films with thicknesses below 100 nm of a miscible polymer blends in a spatial region of a few nanometers is not investigated completely.
Transforming Ti3C2Tx MXenes into nanoscale ionic materials via an electronic interaction strategy
Authors: Wang Dechao , Ning Hailong , Xin Yangyang , Wang Yudeng , Li Xiaoqian , Yao Dongdong , Zheng Yaping , Pan Yuting , Zhang Hongmin , He Zhongjie , Liu Chen , Qin Menglan , Wang Zehao , Yang Ruilu , Li Peipei , Yang Zhiyuan
Published: June 2021

A universal approach to transform Ti3C2Tx MXenes into nanoscale ionic materials (NIMs) using an electronic interaction strategy is proposed. MXene NIMs possess antioxidant ability and processability.
Engineering membranes with macrocycles for precise molecular separations
Authors: Huang Tiefan , Alyami Mram , Kashab Niveen M. , Nunes Suzana P.
Published: June 2021

Advances in macrocycle-based membranes: molecular recognition, fabrication strategies, applications, perspectives, and future challenges.
Advances of smart nano-drug delivery systems in osteosarcoma treatment
Authors: Liu Ying , Li Qing , Bai Qian , Jiang Wei
Published: June 2021

Nanotechnology has recently become popular due to its potential for biomedical applications, especially for cancer treatment.
Quantum dots in cell imaging and their safety issues
Authors: Xu Quan , Gao Jiajia , Wang Siyang , Wang Yi , Liu Dong , Wang Juncheng
Published: June 2021

In this study, we study the imaging applications of Cd-containing quantum dots, CuInS2 quantum dots, black phosphorus quantum dots, MXene quantum dots, and carbon-based quantum dots and discuss their toxicity in cells.
Vertically aligned 1T-phase PtSe2 on flexible carbon cloth for efficient and stable hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhang Limin , Kong Dezhi , Zhuang Qianqian , Wang Minglang , Zhang Taiyi , Zang Jinhao , Shen Weixia , Xu Tingting , Wu Di , Tian Yongtao , Wang Ye , Li Xinjian , Huang Xiaowen
Published: June 2021

We prepared 1T-PtSe2 films on a flexible carbon cloth through a facile yet effective approach. The optimized samples exhibit a low overpotential of 177 mV and a favorable Tafel slope of 67 mV dec−1 with good stability.
Single crystal growth and property investigation of Dy3+ and Tb3+ co-doped Gd3Sc2Al3O12 (GSAG): multiple applications for GaN blue LD pumped all-solid-state yellow lasers and UV or blue light chip excited solid-state lighting
Authors: Ding Shoujun , Ren Hao , Zou Yong , Liu Wenpeng , Zhang Qingli
Published: June 2021

High-quality Dy3+ and Tb3+ co-doped GSAG single crystals were grown successfully by the Cz method as promising UV or blue light chip excited solid-state lighting and InGaN blue LD excited all-solid-state yellow lasers.
Monocyte-to-albumin ratio as a novel predictor of long-term adverse outcomes in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Zhang Zeng-Lei , Guo Qian-Qian , Tang Jun-Nan , Zhang Jian-Chao , Cheng Meng-Die , Song Feng-Hua , Liu Zhi-Yu , Wang Kai , Jiang Li-Zhu , Fan Lei , Yue Xiao-Ting , Bai Yan , Dai Xin-Ya , Zheng Ru-Jie , Zheng Ying-Ying , Zhang Jin-Ying
Published: June 2021

Background: Monocyte count and serum albumin (Alb) have been proven to be involved in the process of systemic inflammation. Therefore, we investigated the prognostic value of monocyte-to-albumin ratio (MAR) in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods: We enrolled a total of 3561 patients in the present study from January 2013 to December 2017. They were divided into two groups according to MAR cut-off value (MAR < 0.014, n=2220; MAR ≥ 0.014, n=1119) as evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The average follow-up time was 37.59 ± 22.24 months.

Results: The two groups differed significantly in the incidences of all-cause mortality (ACM; P<0.001), cardiac mortality (CM; P<0.001), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs; P=0.038), and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs; P=0.037). Multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed MAR as an independent prognostic factor for ACM and CM. The incidence of ACM increased by 56.5% (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.565; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.086–2.256; P=0.016) and that of CM increased by 76.3% (HR = 1.763; 95% CI, 1.106–2.810; P=0.017) in patients in the higher-MAR group. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis suggested that patients with higher MAR tended to have an increased accumulated risk of ACM (Log-rank P<0.001) and CM (Log-rank P<0.001).

Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggested that MAR was a novel independent predictor of long-term mortality in patients who underwent PCI.
Reflections on How Tinnitus Impacts the Lives of Children and Adolescents
Authors: Tegg-Quinn Susan , Eikelboom Robert H. , Brennan-Jones Christopher G. , Barabash Syndon , Mulders Wilhelmina H. A. M. , Bennett Rebecca J.
Published: June 2021

Objectives

The aim of this study was to generate a conceptual framework describing which aspects of children and adolescents' lives are affected by chronic tinnitus.

Design

Views and experiences of 32 participants from two participant groups informed this study: (a) a tinnitus group, consisting of adults who had experienced tinnitus during childhood and/or adolescence and primary carers of children/adolescents with tinnitus, and (b) a clinicians' group, consisting of clinicians who provided care for children/adolescents with tinnitus. Participants produced statements describing aspects of children/adolescents' lives that may be affected by chronic tinnitus. Key concepts were identified through the processes of sorting the statements and rating them for degree of associated impact.

Result

Participants identified 118 unique aspects of the lives of children/adolescents who may be affected by chronic tinnitus. These were clustered into four concepts: (a) emotional well-being, (b) academic performances, (c) social/relationa, and (d) auditory/cognitive processing. At a group level, participants rated the impact of tinnitus as above a slight degree but below a moderate degree of impact. However, individual participant's ratings indicated a range of perceived impact for each statement.

Conclusions

The experience of chronic tinnitus during childhood and adolescence extends beyond the mere perception of sound. The perception of tinnitus may impact a child's emotional well-being, academic performances, social/relational, and auditory/cognitive processing. The impact of tinnitus in one aspect of a child's life may influence other aspects of their life. While at a group level, participants regarded the impact of tinnitus as “somewhat more than mild” to “less than moderate”; individual participant's ratings indicate that the impact from chronic tinnitus may be highly individual and highlighted the importance of individual assessment and management. Clinically, tinnitus management during childhood and adolescence may be improved if clinicians consider the impact and manifestation of tinnitus within each child's daily life and tailor tinnitus education and management strategies accordingly.
Resilience as a Mainstream Clinical Consideration for Speech-Language Pathologists Providing Post–Acquired Brain Injury Neurorehabilitation
Authors: Rothbart Aaron , Sohlberg McKay Moore
Published: June 2021

Purpose

While resilience is seen as fundamental to recovery and rehabilitation processes within the psychology discipline, (Bonanno, 2004), it has received little acknowledgement throughout speech pathology literature. Research suggests that targeting the malleable components associated with the recruitment and development of resilience has the potential to optimize acquired brain injury (ABI) rehabilitation outcomes. This article examines key constructs fundamental to understanding resilience and provides examples of existing evidence-based practices that can be feasibly incorporated into existing neurorehabilitation practices to drive the establishment of resilience.

Method

Articles describing resilience models and frameworks were examined to identify resilience factors that could be fostered during neurorehabilitation therapy sessions.

Results

The literature supports a series of common traits across resilience intervention models that enhance the development of resilience including the promotion of optimism, motivation, self-efficacy, and interpersonal connectedness. We describe a number of established communication strategies and counseling techniques that promote these resilience factors and can be integrated into rehabilitation therapy sessions.

Conclusions

Speech pathologists should consider resilience as a primary and essential clinical ingredient in their rehabilitation interventions. It is important that clinicians are trained in the communication and counseling skills that comprise these ingredients. Bolstering resilience while addressing rehabilitation targets can optimize clinical outcomes.
Development of a three‐phase interleaved converter based on SEPIC DC–DC converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode for ultra‐fast electric vehicle charging stations
Authors: Hussein Bayan , Abdi Nima , Massoud Ahmed
Published: June 2021

One of the main challenges that impact transportation systems electrification is their batteries' charging process. This work presents the development of a three‐phase ultra‐fast Electric Vehicle (EV) charger based on the SEPIC converter. Since SEPIC operating in Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM) is usually recommended for low‐power applications, this work proposes a scheme for its employment in high‐power EV chargers. This is achieved through three single‐phase modules of interleaved SEPIC converters. The presented scheme ensures reducing the stresses on the semiconductor devices since the power is divided over the interleaved modules. The design addresses DCM operation in terms of both capacitor voltage and inductor current (DCVM and DICM, respectively). This paper examines the analysis of the proposed converter and the small‐signal modelling. Also, the converter efficiency is assessed. A Constant Current (CC) charging approach is deployed for charging the EV battery. The validation of the designs is explored through simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink platform. A 4 kW experimental prototype for the interleaved SEPIC DC–DC converter is built to verify the claimed contributions with 92% efficiency.
AMICO galaxy clusters in KiDS-DR3
Authors: Giocoli Carlo , Marulli Federico , Moscardini Lauro , Sereno Mauro , Veropalumbo Alfonso , Gigante Lorenzo , Maturi Matteo , Radovich Mario , Bellagamba Fabio , Roncarelli Mauro , Bardelli Sandro , Contarini Sofia , Covone Giovanni , Harnois-Déraps Joachim , Ingoglia Lorenzo , Lesci Giorgio F. , Nanni Lorenza , Puddu Emanuella
Published: June 2021

Context. The large-scale mass distribution around dark matter haloes hosting galaxy clusters provides sensitive cosmological information.

Aims. In this work we make use of a large photometric galaxy cluster sample, constructed from the public Third Data Release of the Kilo-Degree Survey, and the corresponding shear signal, to assess cluster masses and test the concordance Λ-cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model. In particular, we study the weak gravitational lensing effects on scales beyond the cluster virial radius, where the signal is dominated by correlated and uncorrelated matter density distributions along the line of sight. The analysed catalogue consists of 6962 galaxy clusters, in the redshift range 0.1 ≤ z ≤ 0.6 and with signal-to-noise ratios higher than 3.5.

Methods. We perform a full Bayesian analysis to model the stacked shear profiles of these clusters. The adopted likelihood function considers both the small-scale one-halo term, used primarily to constrain the cluster structural properties, and the two-halo term, that can be used to constrain cosmological parameters.

Results. We find that the adopted modelling is successful in assessing both the cluster masses and the total matter density parameter, ΩM, when fitting shear profiles up to the largest available scales of 35 Mpc h−1. Moreover, our results provide a strong observational evidence of the two-halo signal in the stacked gravitational lensing of galaxy clusters, further demonstrating the reliability of this probe for cosmological studies. The main result of this work is a robust constraint on ΩM, assuming a flat ΛCDM cosmology. We get ΩM = 0.29 ± 0.02, estimated from the full posterior probability distribution, consistent with the estimates from cosmic microwave background experiments.
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs
Authors: Baroch D. , Morales J. C. , Ribas I. , Béjar V. J. S. , Reffert S. , Cardona Guillén C. , Reiners A. , Caballero J. A. , Quirrenbach A. , Amado P. J. , Anglada-Escudé G. , Colomé J. , Cortés-Contreras M. , Dreizler S. , Galadí-Enríquez D. , Hatzes A. P. , Jeffers S. V. , Henning Th. , Herrero E. , Kaminski A. , Kürster M. , Lafarga M. , Lodieu N. , López-González M. J. , Montes D. , Pallé E. , Perger M. , Pollacco D. , Rodríguez-López C. , Rodríguez E. , Rosich A. , Schöfer P. , Schweitzer A. , Shan Y. , Tal-Or L. , Zechmeister M.
Published: June 2021

Context. M dwarfs are ideal targets for the search of Earth-size planets in the habitable zone using the radial velocity method, and are attracting the attention of many ongoing surveys. One of the expected results of these surveys is that new multiple-star systems have also been found. This is the case also for the CARMENES survey, thanks to which nine new double-line spectroscopic binary systems have already been announced.

Aims. Throughout the five years of the survey the accumulation of new observations has resulted in the detection of several new multiple-stellar systems with long periods and low radial-velocity amplitudes. Here we newly characterise the spectroscopic orbits and constrain the masses of eight systems and update the properties of a system that we had reported earlier.

Methods. We derived the radial velocities of the stars using two-dimensional cross-correlation techniques and template matching. The measurements were modelled to determine the orbital parameters of the systems. We combined CARMENES spectroscopic observations with archival high-resolution spectra from other instruments to increase the time span of the observations and improve our analysis. When available, we also added archival photometric, astrometric, and adaptive optics imaging data to constrain the rotation periods and absolute masses of the components.

Results. We determined the spectroscopic orbits of nine multiple systems, eight of which are presented for the first time. The sample is composed of five single-line binaries, two double-line binaries, and two triple-line spectroscopic triple systems. The companions of two of the single-line binaries, GJ 3626 and GJ 912, have minimum masses below the stellar boundary, and thus could be brown dwarfs. We found a new white dwarf in a close binary orbit around the M star GJ 207.1, located at a distance of 15.79 pc. From a global fit to radial velocities and astrometric measurements, we were able to determine the absolute masses of the components of GJ 282 C, which is one of the youngest systems with measured dynamical masses.
High stearic sunflower oil: Latest advances and applications
Authors: Salas Joaquín J. , Bootello Miguel A. , Martínez-Force Enrique , Venegas Calerón Mónica , Garcés Rafael
Published: June 2021

Regular sunflower oil is rich in linoleic acid. To improve its properties for different applications several genotypes with modified fatty acid compositions have been developed. Amongst them, the most remarkable have been high oleic and high stearic types. High stearic sunflower lines reported to date have been produced by traditional methods of breeding and mutagenesis. The mutations affected the expression of enzymes responsible for stearate desaturation in developing seeds. This trait has been combined with standard and high oleic backgrounds, giving high stearic lines with high contents of linoleic or oleic acids and thus different physical properties, increasing their functionality and potential applications. Nevertheless, for applications requiring plastic or confectionery fats, the oils have to be fractionated to obtain derived fats and butters with higher levels of solids. In the present review we present recent advances for the above mentioned topics related to high stearic sunflower oils.
Angeborene Lungenfehlbildungen
Authors: Mayer Steffi , Gräfe Daniel , Wolfgang Hirsch Franz , Stepan Holger , Thome Ulrich , Lacher Martin
Published: June 2021

Zu den angeborenen Lungenfehlbildungen gehören neben den häufigen kongenitalen pulmonalen Atemwegsmalformationen (CPAM), bronchopulmonale Sequester (BPS), kongenitale lobäre Emphyseme (CLE) und bronchogene Zysten. Meist liegen isolierte Befunde vor. Mehr als 75 % der Kinder werden pränatal diagnostiziert. Anhand von Lokalisation und Gefäßversorgung in der Bildgebung sowie des prä- bzw. postnatalen Verlaufs werden die Eltern beraten. Gemeinsam ist den Lungenfehlbildungen eine Begünstigung bronchopulmonaler Infekte. Auch maligne Entartungen sind beschrieben, ein Kausalzusammenhang ist bisher nicht hinreichend belegt. Selten zeigen die Kinder schwere prä- bzw. postnatale Verläufe, die einer akuten Therapie bedürfen. Ansonsten erfolgt um den 3. Lebensmonat bzw. nach Diagnosestellung eine Schnittbildgebung. Hier gewinnt das Thorax-MRT zunehmend an Bedeutung. Spontanregressionen sind selten (< 10 %). Symptomatische Läsionen werden thorakoskopisch oder offen chirurgisch entfernt. Bei asymptomatischen Läsionen müssen die Risiken rezidivierender Infektionen sowie einer malignen Entartung gegen Komplikationen einer OP abgewogen werden. Die Langzeitprognose ist bei adäquater Behandlung gut, die Lungenfunktion in der Mehrzahl der Fälle unbeeinträchtigt.
Applying basic principles of surgery may pave the way for more effective endoscopic bariatric techniques
Authors: Hashiba Kiyoshi , Cappellanes Carlos Alberto , de Siqueira Pablo Rodrigo , Conrado Antonio Carlos , Ribeiro Bruno , Marson Fernando Pavinato , Pedron Bruno Gregnanin
Published: June 2021

Background and study aims In the last decade, gastroenterologists have been attempting to use endoscopy to reproduce the great success of traditional surgical suture techniques. Despite recent advances, we still lack a reliable method that results in a permanent suture with minimal incidence of suture failure. This was an experimental study in pigs with an innovative technique that applied basic surgical concepts to endoscopy to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel suture technique.

Methods The procedures were performed on six live pigs under general anesthesia. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) first was performed in the stomach, exposing the submucosal or muscularis propria layers. A novel device, a transparent chamber cap (DASE), was developed to aspirate the gastric wall, allowing the sutures to reach deep layers. The aspiration was performed with a standard gastroscope to which the novel cap was distally attached. Three sutures aligned were defined as a plication. Each pig received two or three plications and was placed on a liquid diet for 14 days after the procedure. The pigs were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks and the sutures were reviewed.

Results The technique was feasible in all animals. Of 16 plications, only one failed. One perforation occurred after EMR. There were no other complications or adverse events. Permanent fusion of the gastric wall was confirmed by histology in all cases.

Conclusions This study showed that basic principles of surgery can be applied endoscopically to ensure a permanent suture with reduced chances of failure. These findings can help to pave the way for more effective bariatric endoscopic techniques.
Underutilization of prophylactic rectal indomethacin and pancreatic duct stent for prevention of post-ERCP Pancreatitis
Authors: Issak Abdulfatah , Elangovan Abbinaya , Ferguson Roy D. , Waghray Nisheet , Sandhu Dalbir S.
Published: June 2021

Background and study aims Incidence of Post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) ranges from 1 % to 10 % in unselected patients and as high as 25 % to 30 % in high-risk patients. Rectal indomethacin administered before or immediately after an ERCP and prophylactic pancreatic duct stent placement (PPS) are associated with a reduction in the incidence of PEP. We sought to investigate the utilization rate for prophylactic rectal indomethacin and PPS in average and high-risk patients undergoing ERCP between 2014 and 2019.

Patients and methods We performed a retrospective analysis in the IBM Explorys database, a pooled, national de-identified clinical database of over 72 million unique patients from 26 health care networks and 300 hospitals across the United States from 2014 to 2019. Average and high-risk patients undergoing ERCP were identified using Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) diagnosis codes. PEP was defined by the presence of SNOMED CT diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and an inpatient admission within 5 days of an ERCP procedure.

Results Out of 31,050 adults who had undergone ERCP from 2014 to 2019, only 10,500 individuals (33.8 %) had a PEP prophylaxis. Rectal indomethacin and PPS accounted for 82.4 % and 12.9 % respectively. Individuals with three risk factors had the highest PEP rates followed by individuals with two risk factors.

Conclusions Only one-third of all patients undergoing ERCP received prophylaxis in the form of rectal indothemacin and/or PPS in this large population-based data. Increased implementation of prophylactic use is needed in patients undergoing ERCP as supported by current guidelines.
Epilepsien im Säuglingsalter
Authors: Chemnitzer Olga , Gburek-Augustat Janina , Bernhard Matthias K.
Published: June 2021

Epilepsien im Säuglingsalter sind häufig, es kommen sowohl strukturell-metabolische, genetische als auch unklare Epilepsien infrage. Bei einem reichlichen Drittel der Säuglinge mit einer Epilepsie liegt eine epileptische Enzephalopathie, meist mit zusätzlichen Entwicklungsauffälligkeiten zugrunde. Hierzu gehören u. a. das West-Syndrom mit Blitz-Nick-Salaam-Anfällen und einer Hypsarrhthmie im EEG, das Dravet-Syndrom mit Anfällen, welche nicht selten durch Erhöhung der Körpertemperatur getriggert werden und das Ohtahara-Syndrom mit sehr früher Manifestation, Burst-Suppression-Muster im EEG und ungünstiger Prognose. Im klinischen und elektrophysiologischen Bild ähnlich, aber hiervon differerenzialdiagnostisch abzugrenzen sind Vitamin-B6-abhängige Epilepsien, welche unter Substitution mit Pyridoxalphosphat rasch sistieren. Auch Epilepsiesyndrome mit günstiger Prognose wie die benigne infantile Partialepilepsie (Watanabe) mit spontanem Sistieren der Anfälle nach einigen Monaten kommen vor.

Sollte die stufenweise Diagnostik keine Hinweise auf das Vorliegen zerebraler Krampfanfälle ergeben, können differenzialdiagnostisch auch nicht-epileptische Anfälle infrage kommen.
Eczematous Lesion of Nipple and Areola Treated with Individualised Homoeopathic Treatment
Authors: Roy Poulamy Singha , Hazra Anupam , Goswami Pritam
Published: June 2021

Breast and nipple–areolar complex has its own functional, sexual and cosmetic values. The skin around nipple and areola is prone to develop several kinds of infections during different stages of life ranging from mild-to-moderate dermatitis to neoplastic growths. Lack of knowledge of the patients about breast hygiene and the spectrum of the breast diseases among medical practitioners renders prompt diagnosis; hence, it develops several complications from its own array. Apparently, an uncommon presentation of dermatitis sometimes causes several complications at different stages of life and mostly during the period of lactation where the newborn suffers as a consequence of mother's illness. In this case, a female patient approached our outpatient department with complaints of itching and burning of nipple and areola with occasional discharge, which was diagnosed as eczema of nipple and areola after clinical examination. Initially, we started our treatment with Sulphur 30 and from then patient showed gradual improvement. Within a period of 1 month, patient showed promising improvement and it took 2 more months to subside other residual complaints. This case report not only portrays effectiveness of individualised homeopathy but also focuses on the cost-effectiveness of homeopathic treatments.
Bioengineered Liver Models for Investigating Disease Pathogenesis and Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Kukla David A. , Khetani Salman R.
Published: June 2021

Owing to species-specific differences in liver pathways, in vitro human liver models are utilized for elucidating mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis, drug development, and regenerative medicine. To mitigate limitations with de-differentiated cultures, bioengineers have developed advanced techniques/platforms, including micropatterned cocultures, spheroids/organoids, bioprinting, and microfluidic devices, for perfusing cell cultures and liver slices. Such techniques improve mature functions and culture lifetime of primary and stem-cell human liver cells. Furthermore, bioengineered liver models display several features of liver diseases including infections with pathogens (e.g., malaria, hepatitis C/B viruses, Zika, dengue, yellow fever), alcoholic/nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cancer. Here, we discuss features of bioengineered human liver models, their uses for modeling aforementioned diseases, and how such models are being augmented/adapted for fabricating implantable human liver tissues for clinical therapy. Ultimately, continued advances in bioengineered human liver models have the potential to aid the development of novel, safe, and efficacious therapies for liver disease.
Acoustic coherent perfect absorber and laser modes via the non-Hermitian dopant in the zero index metamaterials
Authors: Gu Zhongming , Liu Tuo , Gao He , Liang Shanjun , An Shuowei , Zhu Jie
Published: June 2021

In this work, we propose a simple scheme to realize an acoustic coherent perfect absorber (CPA) and laser modes by embedding a non-Hermitian dopant in a zero index metamaterial. When the dopant is filled with a loss medium at a specific level, the sample can absorb the incident waves completely. On the other hand, when the dopant is filled with a gain medium, the sample can act as a laser oscillator to boost the incident waves. The theoretical derivation based on the scattering matrix and the numerical simulation based on the finite element method are performed and both show good agreement with each other. We also discover that the CPA and laser modes are very sensitive and can be controlled by adjusting the structure parameters or the relative phase of the incident waves. Moreover, the case that asymmetric incidences have different beam widths is considered. We envision that our work may have potential applications in designing acoustic devices, such as absorbers, transducers, and receivers.
Low-cost elastomer-based flexoelectric devices
Authors: Moreira Kelly S. , Lorenzett Ezequiel , Devens Ana Luisa , Santos da Campo Yan A. , Mehler Dylan , Burgo Thiago A. L.
Published: June 2021

This work describes the development of flexoelectric devices based on low-cost rubber parts with simple constructions. Flexoelectricity produces fast charging in a phase with rubber strain that can be used in both force sensing and energy harvesting technologies. The force transducer with high effectiveness and accuracy was built using only a flexible non-metal graphite-based electrode sandwiched by two vulcanized rubber parts, displaying a linear relationship between strain gradient and electric response. Also, mechanical-to-electrical energy transduction is benefited from synergy between flexo- and triboelectricity, where an energy harvesting device can be designed as simple as possible, requiring only natural latex to induce charge on an electrode. Moreover, elastomers are expected to play a key role in the next generation of soft electronics and wearable healthcare devices and these results may contribute to the employment of rubbers in many applications that are of great interest in flexoelectric technologies.
Ab initio calculation of the detailed balance limit to the photovoltaic efficiency of single p-n junction kesterite solar cells
Authors: Kim Sunghyun , Walsh Aron
Published: June 2021

The thermodynamic limit of photovoltaic efficiency for a single-junction solar cell can be readily predicted using the bandgap of the active light absorbing material. Such an approach overlooks the energy loss due to non-radiative electron-hole processes. We propose a practical ab initio procedure to determine the maximum efficiency of a thin-film solar cell that takes into account both radiative and non-radiative recombination. The required input includes the frequency-dependent optical absorption coefficient, as well as the capture cross sections and equilibrium populations of point defects. For kesterite-structured Cu2ZnSnS4, the radiative limit is reached for a film thickness of around 2.6 μm, where the efficiency gain due to light absorption is counterbalanced by losses due to the increase in recombination current.
Mitigation of critical current fluctuation of Josephson junctions in superconducting quantum circuits
Authors: Song Shuqing , Sun Yuting , Xu Jianwen , Han Zhikun , Yang Xiaopei , Wang Xiaohan , Li Shaoxiong , Lan Dong , Zhao Jie , Tan Xinsheng , Yu Yang
Published: June 2021

In superconducting quantum circuits, Josephson junctions are a key component to provide nonlinearity and enable superconducting qubits. Fabricating junctions with precise critical currents is crucial to defining qubit frequency. Here we suppress the critical current variation of Josephson junctions by varying the critical current density Jc and junction areas. The relative standard deviation of the critical current Ic is controlled to be below 0.8%. This uniform fabrication is promising for realizing scalable superconducting quantum computation.
A soft x-ray probe of a titania photoelectrode sensitized with a triphenylamine dye
Authors: Temperton Robert H. , Hart Jack , Verykokkos Nektarios , Gibson Elizabeth , O’Shea James N.
Published: June 2021

We present a thorough soft x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study of a mesoporous titanium dioxide electrode sensitized with the dye 4-(diphenylamino)phenylcyanoacrylic acid, referred to as “L0.” Supported by calculations, the suite of XPS, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, and resonant photoelectron spectroscopy allows us to examine bonding interactions between the dye and the surface and the frontier electronic structure at the molecule–oxide interface. While placing these measurements in the context of existing literature, this paper is intended as a useful reference for further studies of more complex triphenylamine based sensitizers.
Strain induced crystallization of polymers at and above the crystallization temperature by coarse-grained simulations
Authors: Nagaraj Hemanth , Clavier Germain , Latour Benoit , Dequidt Alain , Devémy Julien , Garruchet Sébastien , Goujon Florent , Martzel Nicolas , Blaak Ronald , Munch Étienne , Malfreyt Patrice
Published: June 2021

We examine the behavior of short and long polymers by means of coarse-grained computer simulations of a by-polyvinyl alcohol inspired model. In particular, we focus on the structural changes in the monomer and polymer scales during cooling and the application of uni-axial true strain. The straining of long polymers results in the formation of a semi-crystalline system at temperatures well above the crystallization temperature, which allows for the study of strain induced crystallization.
Requirements for an accurate dispersion-corrected density
functional
Authors: Price Alastair J. A. , Bryenton Kyle R. , Johnson Erin R.
Published: June 2021

Post-self-consistent dispersion corrections are now the norm when applying density-functional theory to systems where non-covalent interactions play an important role. However, there is a wide range of base functionals and dispersion corrections available from which to choose. In this work, we opine on the most desirable requirements to ensure that both the base functional and dispersion correction, individually, are as accurate as possible for non-bonded repulsion and dispersion attraction. The base functional should be dispersionless, numerically stable, and involve minimal delocalization error. Simultaneously, the dispersion correction should include finite damping, higher-order pairwise dispersion terms, and electronic many-body effects. These criteria are essential for avoiding reliance on error cancellation and obtaining correct results from correct physics.
2D correlations in the van der Waals ferromagnet CrBr3 using high frequency electron spin resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Saiz C. L. , Delgado J. A. , van Tol J. , Tartaglia T. , Tafti F. , Singamaneni S. R.
Published: June 2021

Broadening the knowledge and understanding on the magnetic correlations in van der Waals layered magnets is critical in realizing their potential next-generation magneto-electronic applications. In this study, we employ high-frequency (ν = 240 GHz) electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy on plate-like quasi two-dimensional (2D) CrBr3 to gain insight into the magnetic interactions as a function of temperature (4–200 K) and the angle of rotation. We find that the temperature dependence of the ESR linewidth is well described by the Ginzburg–Landau critical model, indicative of the presence of 2D correlations. Furthermore, our findings show that the resonance field follows a (3cos2θ−1)-like angular dependence, while the linewidth follows a (3cos2θ−1)2-like angular dependence, a behavior indicative of 2D correlations that are likely due to the interaction of the external magnetic field applied during the ESR experiment. This study demonstrates the significance of employing spin sensitive techniques such as ESR to better understand the magnetic correlations in similar van der Waals magnets.
Perspective on the next generation of ultra-low noise fiber supercontinuum sources and their emerging applications in spectroscopy, imaging, and ultrafast photonics
Authors: Rampur Anupamaa , Spangenberg Dirk-Mathys , Sierro Benoît , Hänzi Pascal , Klimczak Mariusz , Heidt Alexander M.
Published: June 2021

A new generation of ultrafast and low-noise supercontinuum (SC) sources is currently emerging, driven by the constantly increasing demands of spectroscopy, advanced microscopy, and ultrafast photonics applications for highly stable broadband coherent light sources. In this Perspective, we review recent progress enabled by advances in nonlinear optical fiber design, detail our view on the largely untapped potential for noise control in nonlinear fiber optics, and present the noise fingerprinting technique for measuring and visualizing the noise of SC sources with unprecedented detail. In our outlook, we highlight how these SC sources push the boundaries for many spectroscopy and imaging modalities and focus on their role in the development of ultrafast fiber lasers and frequency combs with ultra-low amplitude and phase noise operating in the 2 μm spectral region and beyond in the mid-IR.
Demonstration of AlGaN/GaN-based ultraviolet phototransistor with a record high responsivity over 3.6 × 107 A/W
Authors: Zhang Haochen , Liang Fangzhou , Song Kang , Xing Chong , Wang Danhao , Yu Huabin , Huang Chen , Sun Yue , Yang Lei , Zhao Xiaolong , Sun Haiding , Long Shibing
Published: June 2021

In this work, we demonstrate a high-performance ultraviolet phototransistor (UVPT) based on the AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT) configuration. When the device is biased at off state, the peak photoresponsivity (R) of 3.6 × 107 A/W under 265 nm illumination and 1.0 × 106 A/W under 365 nm illumination can be obtained. Those two R values are one of the highest among the reported UVPTs at the same detection wavelength under off-state conditions. In addition, we investigate the gate-bias (VGS) dependent photoresponse of the fabricated device with the assistance of band structure analysis. It was found that a more negative VGS can significantly reduce the rise/decay time for 265 nm detection, especially under weak illumination. This can be attributed to a largely enhanced electric field in the absorptive AlGaN barrier that pushes the photo-generated carriers rapidly into the GaN channel. In contrast, the VGS has little impact on the switching time for 365 nm photodetection, since the GaN channel has a larger absorption depth and the entire UVPT simply acts as a photoconductive-type device. In short, the proposed AlGaN/GaN HEMT structure with the superior photodetection performance paves the way for the development of next generation UVPTs.
An ultra-fast frequency shift mechanism for high data-rate sub-THz wireless communications in CMOS
Authors: Chen Lili , Nooshabadi Samir , Khoeini Farzad , Khalifa Zainulabideen , Hadidian Bahareh , Afshari Ehsan
Published: June 2021

Various approaches are being considered to address the demand for high-throughput (Gb/s) point-to-point wireless communication systems in 5G infrastructure and sub-THz transceivers. Two fully integrated CMOS wireless transmitters with frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation were prototyped in a standard 55 nm SiGe process. Benefiting from the coupled oscillator loop system, the single channel data rate up to 10 Gb/s wireless link (limited by measurement equipment) was demonstrated. The proposed coupled oscillator loop system enables instantaneous frequency shift in an ideal situation, which resolves overshoots/undershoots and long frequency settling issues in the conventional varactor-based LC voltage controlled oscillator. The measured single channel data rate is around 5× higher than the previously published CMOS/BiCMOS FSK transmitter.
A Viskovatov algorithm for Hermite-Padé polynomials
Authors: Ikonomov N. R. , Suetin S. P.
Published: June 2021

We propose and justify an algorithm for producing Hermite- Padé polynomials of type I for an arbitrary tuple of

formal power series

,

, about the point

(

) under the assumption that the series have a certain (‘general position’) nondegeneracy property. This algorithm is a straightforward extension of the classical Viskovatov algorithm for constructing Padé polynomials (for

our algorithm coincides with the Viskovatov algorithm).

The algorithm is based on a recurrence relation and has the following feature: all the Hermite-Padé polynomials corresponding to the multi- indices

,

,

,

,

are already known at the point when the algorithm produces the Hermite-Padé polynomials corresponding to the multi- index

.

We show how the Hermite-Padé polynomials corresponding to different multi-indices can be found recursively via this algorithm by changing the initial conditions appropriately.

At every step

, the algorithm can be parallelized in

independent evaluations.

Bibliography: 30 titles.
Battling habitat loss: suitability of anthropogenic waterbodies for amphibians associated with naturally acidic, oligotrophic environments
Authors: Simpkins Clay Alan , Castley James Guy , Shuker Jonathan D. , Morrison Clare , Hero Jean-Marc
Published: June 2021

Habitat destruction is a key threatening process for amphibians. Modified or anthropogenic waterbodies can be used to compensate for habitat loss, with several amphibian species utilising created or modified waterbodies. We measured usage of anthropogenic/modified waterbodies by adult and tadpole frog species, including threatened species, in coastal wallum habitat in eastern Australia. Nine road trenches/ditches, 8 artificial ‘lakes’, 6 golf course waterbodies and 13 natural waterbodies were surveyed for frog adults and tadpoles during the summer/spring period 2011–2012. Additionally, we examined the relationship between frog assemblages and environmental factors (water chemistry, aquatic predators, vegetation types), focusing on Litoria olongburensis and Litoria fallax. Frog species richness differed between waterbody types, with two of three threatened frog species present in both natural and anthropogenic/modified waterbodies. The frog assemblage was influenced by pH, turbidity, salinity and percentage cover of certain vegetation types. Measured abundance of L. olongburensis adults and tadpoles were highest in natural waterbodies with high sedge density and low pH. The measured abundance of adult L. fallax was highest within artificial lakes. We conclude that differences in water chemistry and vegetation density can affect the amphibian assemblage within these environments. Therefore, effective conservation of all frog species would be enhanced by conserving a variety of waterbody types. However, natural waterbodies are more likely to be used by threatened species and the conservation of these waterbodies provides the best conservation outcomes. Where habitat offsets may be required, environmental managers should critically assess the quality of constructed habitat for specialist frog species including those associated with acidic, oligotrophic environments.
Behavioural and physiological responses of captive Antillean manatees to small aerial drones
Authors: Landeo-Yauri Sarah S. , Castelblanco-Martínez Delma Nataly , Hénaut Yann , Arreola Maria R. , Ramos Eric A.
Published: June 2021

Abstract Context Unmanned aerial vehicles or drones are powerful tools for wildlife research. Identifying the impacts of these systems on target species during operations is essential to reduce risks of disturbance to wildlife, to minimise bias in behavioural data, and to establish better practices for their use. Aims We evaluated the responses of captive Antillean manatees to the overhead flight of a small aerial drone. Methods We used aerial and ground videos to compare manatee activity budgets and respiration rates in three 15-min sampling periods: ‘before’, ‘during’ and ‘after’ flights with a DJI Phantom 3 Advanced. The drone was hovered stationary for 3 min at five altitudes (100 m, 40 m, 20 m, 10 m, 5 m) to determine whether manatees display behavioural responses compared with the control period, and whether they respond more at lower altitudes. Only one flight was performed per manatee group to avoid bias owing to habituation to the drone. Key results Manatees responded to drone flights by (1) increasing their activity levels during and after flights, therefore signalling after effects; (2) decreasing their respiration rate during flights; and (3) displaying behavioural reactions including grouping, tail-kicking, fleeing from their original position and moving under submerged structures. From the 11 individuals displaying behavioral reactions, 9 reacted in the first ~2 min of flight, preventing assessments of altitude effects and suggesting manatees responded to the drone sound at take-off. Conclusions Behavioural changes of responding manatees were similar to previous reports of disturbance responses to boats and drones in this species. Our use of a control period showed shifts in respiration rates and activity budgets that persisted after flights. Several manatees reacted to the drone from the time of take-off and first minutes of flight, indicating that the sound of the electric rotors could be a strong negative stimulus to manatee and highlighting the importance of establishing safe distances for take-off. Implications Future studies should consider that drones could elicit conspicuous and inconspicuous responses in manatees. Our results emphasise the need for control data on animal behaviour to better assess the impact of drones on wildlife and to design non-invasive protocols.
Compressed vessels bias red blood cell partitioning at bifurcations in a hematocrit-dependent manner: Implications in tumor blood flow
Authors: Enjalbert Romain , Hardman David , Krüger Timm , Bernabeu Miguel O.
Published: June 2021

Significance

In tumors, tissue oxygen heterogeneity leading to the appearance of hypoxic regions is linked to poor prognosis and reduces the efficiency of therapeutic treatment. Following previous reports that vessel compression, caused by the tumor, leads to tumor tissue oxygen heterogeneity, we formulate a computational model to investigate the mechanism whereby vessel compression affects tissue oxygenation. Our results show that compressed vessels lead to an abnormal partitioning of red blood cells at vascular bifurcations and therefore heterogeneity in oxygen transport to tissue. This work uncovers a biomechanical causal link between vessel compression and tumor tissue oxygen heterogeneity, furthering our understanding of the tumor microenvironment and contributing to an emergent theory of biotransport in tumors that can underpin future therapeutic approaches.
The effect of parathyroid hormone on osteogenesis is mediated partly by osteolectin
Authors: Zhang Jingzhu , Cohen Adi , Shen Bo , Du Liming , Tasdogan Alpaslan , Zhao Zhiyu , Shane Elizabeth J. , Morrison Sean J.
Published: June 2021

Significance

Only recently have multiple, anabolic, bone-forming agents become available, raising the possibility that osteoporosis might be more effectively treated by combinatorial or sequential treatments rather than single agents. The discovery of osteolectin raised two important questions in this regard. First, what is the epistatic relationship between these agents? Second, would osteolectin have additive effects if combined with another agent? Our discovery that osteolectin mediates part of the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone formation identifies a new mechanism by which PTH acts. The observation that PTH and osteolectin have additive effects provides proof-of-principle that combinatorial use can increase osteogenesis.
Neurotrophic signaling deficiency exacerbates environmental risks for Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis
Authors: Wu Zhourui , Chen Chun , Kang Seong Su , Liu Xia , Gu Xiaohuan , Yu Shan Ping , Keene C Dirk , Cheng Liming , Ye Keqiang
Published: June 2021

Significance

The molecular mechanisms accounting for the environmental risk factor stimulation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis including traumatic brain injury, diabetes, and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion remain unclear. The BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway plays a critical role in neuronal synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival. Since the BDNF/TrkB pathway is reduced during aging and in AD human brains, we hypothesize that the crosstalk between these risk factors and BDNF/TrkB deficiency may mediate AD pathologies. Our previous studies establish that the C/EBPβ/δ-secretase pathway plays a pivotal role in triggering the major AD pathologies. Therefore, in the current report, we provide extensive evidence demonstrating that BDNF/TrkB reduction regulates this pathway activation under various risk factors, mediating Aβ and Tau pathology spreading in the brain.