bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep learning for the prediction of the chemotherapy response of metastatic colorectal cancer: comparing and combining H&E staining histopathology and infrared spectral histopathology
Authors: Brunel Benjamin , Prada Pierre , Slimano Florian , Boulagnon-Rombi Camille , Bouché Olivier , Piot Olivier
Published: July 2023

Prediction of the efficacy of a treatment against metastatic colon cancer, based on deep learning analysis of histological cuts of the primary tumor, either H&E stained or imaged with FTIR spectroscopy.
Advances in biomimetic hydrogels for organoid culture
Authors: Luo Lili , Liu Libing , Ding Yuxuan , Dong Yixuan , Ma Min
Published: July 2023

Biomimetic hydrogels are more suitable as a culture matrix for organoid research because of well-defined biochemical properties, tunable mechanical properties and stability.
Photodetachment band of the fluorenyl anion: a theoretical rationalization
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Karmakar Preeti , Sarkar Rudraditya , Rao Tammineni Rajagopala
Published: July 2023

In order to rationalize the experimental photodetachment spectra of the fluorenyl anion, nuclear dynamics studies are performed using adiabatic and non-adiabatic quantum chemistry approaches.
Suppression of blinking in single CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals through surface ligand exchange
Authors: Takagi Toranosuke , Omagari Shun , Vacha Martin
Published: July 2023

Passivation of the surface of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals with quaternary amine ligands leads to significant suppression of photoluminescence blinking.
The magnetically induced current density of the [12]infinitene dianion
Authors: Wang Qian , Orozco-Ic Mesías , Sundholm Dage
Published: July 2023

The magnetically induced current–density susceptibility (MICD) of the [12]infinitene dianion and the induced magnetic field around it have been calculated at the density functional theory level.
Correction: Terahertz spectroscopy of the helium endofullerene He@C60
Authors: Jafari Tanzeeha , Bacanu George Razvan , Shugai Anna , Nagel Urmas , Walkey Mark , Hoffman Gabriela , Levitt Malcolm H. , Whitby Richard J. , Rõõm Toomas
Published: July 2023

Correction for ‘Terahertz spectroscopy of the helium endofullerene He@C60’ by Tanzeeha Jafari et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2022, 24, 9943–9952, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CP00515H.
Correction: Comparative study on formic acid sensing properties of flame-made Zn2SnO4 nanoparticles and its parent metal oxides
Authors: Punginsang Matawee , Inyawilert Kanittha , Siriwalai Mameaseng , Wisitsoraat Anurat , Tuantranont Adisorn , Liewhiran Chaikarn
Published: July 2023

Correction for ‘Comparative study on formic acid sensing properties of flame-made Zn2SnO4 nanoparticles and its parent metal oxides’ by Matawee Punginsang et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2023, 25, 15407–15421, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3CP00845B.
Role of Ca2+ in the pepsin-induced coagulation and in the dynamic in vitro gastric digestion behavior of casein micelles
Authors: Yang Mengxiao , Ye Aiqian , Yang Zhi , Everett David W. , Gilbert Elliot Paul , Singh Harjinder
Published: July 2023

The addition of CaCl2 or NaCl to a micellar casein (MC) solution showed that Ca2+ had a more significant effect than ionic strength on the coagulation and digestion behavior of casein micelles.
Cascaded de novo biosynthesis of lacto-proteins from CO2 by engineered Pichia pastoris
Authors: Lv Xueqin , Cui Shixiu , Chen Jie , Wang Lingrui , Liu Yanfeng , Li Jianghua , Du Guocheng , Liu Xiaohao , Chen Jian , Ledesma-Amaro Rodrigo , Liu Long
Published: July 2023

A chemo-biocascade catalysis (CBCC) system was constructed that combines spatially separated CO2 thermo-catalysis with yeast fermentation to efficiently convert CO2 to lacto-proteins.
10 μm thick ultrathin glass sheet to realize a highly sensitive cantilever for precise cell stiffness measurement
Authors: Yuan Yapeng , Ma Doudou , Liu Xun , Tang Tao , Li Ming , Yang Yang , Yalikun Yaxiaer , Tanaka Yo
Published: July 2023

Establishment of a 10 μm thick ultrathin, highly sensitive, and flexible glass cantilever integrated with a strain gauge sensor for cell stiffness measurement and real-time observation.
Mentha aquatica leaf extract mediated phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles: antioxidant, catalytic and anti-microbial activity
Authors: Amara Yousra Taieb , Beldjilali Mohammed , Kermezli Fatima Zohra , Chikhi Ilyes , Taha Inas , Ismail Issam , Belarbi Lahcen , Bousalem Smain
Published: July 2023

The present contribution reports a simple and environmentally friendly method of synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the aqueous leaf extract of Mentha aquatica.
Spectroscopic analyses of particle and energy aggregations at the interface of silver nanoparticles and fluorescent carbon nanodots
Authors: Hung Yi-Shan , Chang Chia-Wen , Shen Yi Chen , Yu Yun-Chi , Huang Wei-Lun , Huang Chia-Chi
Published: July 2023

The deconvolution of a SERS hotspot: synergistic aggregation of silver nanoparticles and modified carbon nanodots on the surface of an alumina bead.
ortho-[1-(p-MeOPhenyl)vinyl]benzoate PMPVB as a recyclable auxiliary for C–O and C–S bond formation reactions under Brønsted acid catalysis
Authors: Moktan Sangay , Rotta Mahendra K. V. , Halder Suvendu , Pradhan Priyanka , Kancharla Pavan K.
Published: July 2023

A new leaving group for the synthesis of ethers and thioethers under catalytic Brønsted acidic conditions.
Ligand relay catalysis: a newly emerged synthetic strategy
Authors: Sun Yufeng , Wang Bingcheng , Lu Zhan
Published: July 2023

Ligand relay catalysis, which brings a new way to broaden the SMMLC strategy, has recently been developed and discussed. This strategy acts as a powerful way, broadening the range of catalytic transformations to construct highly functional molecules.
Low ion migration and defect density MAPbX3 single crystals grown at low temperature for X-ray detection
Authors: Li Haibin , Zhang Ziming , Jiang Wei , Zhao Chen , Di Haipeng , Ren Jiwei , Ou Bing , Xiong Ying , Liao Feiyi , Zhao Yiying
Published: July 2023

Ion migration and defect density in MAPbX3 single crystals have been reduced via growth at low temperature.
Enhanced immunogenicity induced by mRNA vaccines with various lipid nanoparticles as carriers for SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Zhang Yanhao , Wang Ji , Xing Hanlei , Liu Chao , Zha Wenhui , Dong Shuo , Jiang Yuhao , Li Xinsong
Published: July 2023

mRNA vaccines have emerged as a highly promising approach for preventing cancer and infectious diseases, attributed to their superior immunogenicity, rapid development speed, and quality-controlled scale production.
Highly stretchable, supersensitive, and self-adhesive ionohydrogels using waterborne polyurethane micelles as cross-linkers for wireless strain sensors
Authors: Lei Lingling , Wang Haibo , Jia Qihan , Tian Yali , Wang Shuang
Published: July 2023

Novel waterborne polyurethane micelles with reactive groups on the surface has been prepared as a crosslinker and then reacted with polyacrylamide (PAM) to obtain a polyacrylamide–polyurethane/ionic liquid ionohydrogel for wireless strain sensors.
Investigation of the antibacterial properties of hyaluronic acid microneedles based on chitosan and MoS2
Authors: Du Wenzhen , Li Xiaodan , Zhang Manyue , Ling Guixia , Zhang Peng
Published: July 2023

CS–MoS2 nanocomplexes were introduced into microneedle patches for the first time. The prepared carbohydrate-based patches have the potential effect of promoting wound healing.
Strontium-doped mesoporous bioglass nanoparticles for enhanced wound healing with rapid vascularization
Authors: Du Juan , Fan Linpeng , Razal Joselito M. , Chen Sihao , Zhang Hongmei , Yang Hongjun , Li Haiyan , Li Jingliang
Published: July 2023

Mesoporous bioglass nanoparticles doped with strontium ions are prepared with a sol–gel method. The nanoparticles can significantly improve cell proliferation, migration, and tube formationin vitro, as well as skin wound healing in a mouse model.
Effect of stoichiometry on the resistive switching characteristics of STO resistive memory
Authors: Hsu Chih-Chieh , Cheng Chao-Wen , Wen Xiu-Ming , Joodaki Mojtaba
Published: July 2023

Herein, we modify the stoichiometry of an SrTiOx resistive switching layer to fabricate a memristor with a high ON/OFF current ratio and high data retention capability.
Multi‐modified epoxy insulation with improved flashover threshold for HVDC applications
Authors: Ul Haq Inzamam , Wang Feipeng
Published: July 2023

The flashover threshold (Vflsh) of polymer insulations such as epoxy (EP) in HVDC systems can be augmented by modifying their surface with an appropriate treatment technology. For such purpose, several surface treatment methods such as ion beam, sandpaper and a combination of the two is introduced. Firstly, insulation samples with pure epoxy (EPpure), different ion beam treatment periods (EPion;10, 15, 20 min) and different roughness (EPsand; R1 = 4.23 μm, R2 = 6.34 μm, R3 = 9.21 μm) are prepared on the laboratory scale. Afterward, based on several characterisations, such as surface conductivity, mean surface roughness and potential distribution of these insulations, multi‐modified insulation (EPmulti = EPion‐20 + EPsand‐R3) is prepared. In the end, the Vflsh of each insulation group is measured and compared to examine the effectiveness of the proposed modifications. It is obtained that the Vflsh of the modified insulations augmented dramatically irrespective of the treatment method. The Vflsh of the insulation group EPmulti augmented by 52.66 % which is the highest improvement among all insulation groups. In short, the proposed surface modifications are effective and could be used as references to enhance the insulation strength of polymer dielectrics in HVDC systems.
„Alter macht weiß, nicht weise?“ (dänisches Sprichwort) – Der Umgang von Psychotherapeut:innen mit dem eigenen Älterwerden
Authors: Strauß Bernhard
Published: July 2023

Der viel beschworene demographische Wandel, der zu einem stetigen Altern der Gesellschaft beiträgt, ist auch in den Themen vieler Wissenschaften, wie der Medizin, Soziologie, Psychologe oder der Ökonomie durch einen deutlichen Zuwachs an Studien zur Altersforschung reflektiert. Auch in der klinischen Psychologie, speziell in der Psychotherapie, ist das Forschungsinteresse am alternden/älteren Menschen gestiegen 1. Auch die Psychosomatische Medizin hat die Notwendigkeit entdeckt, auf die spezifischen Bedürfnisse älterer Menschen, die beispielsweise in geriatrischen Kliniken behandelt werden, einzugehen 2 3 4.
Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Homocoupling of 2-Iodophenols for the Synthesis of Symmetrical Xanthones
Authors: Bhanage Bhalchandra M. , Lokolkar Manjunath S.
Published: July 2023

Herein, we report the palladium-catalyzed carbonylative synthesis of symmetrical xanthones from functionalized 2-iodophenols in a one-pot manner. The protocol involves homocoupling of 2-iodophenols using Pd catalyst, Cs2CO3 as base, with gaseous CO as C1 building block. The simple, ligand- and additive-free strategy provides moderate to good yields of symmetrical xanthones. The reaction was also examined with the combination of 2-hydroxyphenyl boronic acid as another coupling partner. Additionally, this protocol was extended for the synthesis of aryl and alkyl salicylate derivatives by varying the reaction conditions.
Prospective Observational Study on the Risk Factors of Chemotherapy-Induced Myelosuppression and Its Management in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Keziah D. , Bindhiya M. , Jayaprakash M. , Prudence Rodrigues A.
Published: July 2023

Introduction Myelosuppression is a commonly observed dose-limiting side effect of majority of chemotherapeutic drugs, characterized by a decrease in blood cell production. They cause neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia and can be life threatening in few susceptible individuals. Attempts to lessen chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression have been minimally effective. Managing myelosuppression has been a challenge to medical practitioners and pharmacist. Identifying their risk factors and the management strategies can help prevent the debilitating effects on chemotherapy patients.

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression and identify its management in a tertiary care hospital. We also observed the cycle it predominantly occurs and its prevalence rate in the region.

Materials and Methods The study is a prospective observational cohort study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. The sample size was calculated using RAO software for a study duration of 4 months from 73 patients who were prescribed the inclusion criteria drugs paclitaxel, carboplatin, 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide. The complete blood count was obtained and followed up to find myelosuppression occurrence on day 8 of first three cycles. The National Cancer Institute grading system was used to assess the severity of myelosuppression. It was done from May 2022 to August 2022. Chi-squared tests and percentages were adopted by using the SPSS software.

Result The result for primary objective is that among the total 73 patients employed, 30 patients were found to be myelosuppressive (41%) and the prevalence rate was 41%. Risk factors such as age, gender, and diagnosis showed statistically significant association (confidence interval: 95% and p-value <0.005). The drugs paclitaxel, carboplatin, 5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, and adriamycin proved to be highly myelosuppressive with a p-value of 0.049.

The results for secondary objectives were that cycle 1 was reported to be highly myelosuppressive with 27%. The treatment options that was highly used was granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (90%), followed by packed red blood cell transfusion (7%).

Conclusion The incidence of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression from this study showed that it was important to monitor the complete blood count levels in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Early assessment of risk for developing myelosuppression may prevent or reduce its severity.
A Survey on Unmet Need for Uniform Next-Generation Sequencing Reporting in India
Authors: Pathak Neha , I. Anu R. , Kulkarni Padmaj , Patel Amol
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has paved the way for precision oncology in oncology clinics today. With rapidly advancing therapeutics, it is becoming increasingly important to obtain information about the molecular milieu of a patient's tumor. However, reporting and interpreting of NGS is fraught with complexity and variability. To understand the questions surrounding NGS reporting in India, we conducted a survey.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the gaps in NGS reporting and interpretation in Indian medical oncology clinics.

Materials and Methods: An anonymized 10-question survey-based study among Indian medical oncologists through Google forms was conducted between October 4 and 8, 2022.

Results: The sample size was n = 58. Seventy-one percent felt there was heterogeneity in NGS reporting, 72% were unaware of NGS reporting guidelines, and 62% did not feel the need for a molecular scientist assist in NGS interpretation. Almost all (98%) felt there was a need for uniform NGS reporting as well as an Indian NGS repository and data-sharing system (93%).

Conclusion: Our survey highlights the need for a uniform national guideline concerning NGS reporting.
Machine learning guided optimal composition selection of niobium alloys for high temperature applications
Authors: Mohanty Trupti , Chandran K. S. Ravi , Sparks Taylor D.
Published: July 2023

Nickel- and cobalt-based superalloys are commonly used as turbine materials for high-temperature applications. However, their maximum operating temperature is limited to about 1100 °C. Therefore, to improve turbine efficiency, current research is focused on designing materials that can withstand higher temperatures. Niobium-based alloys can be considered as promising candidates because of their exceptional properties at elevated temperatures. The conventional approach to alloy design relies on phase diagrams and structure–property data of limited alloys and extrapolates this information into unexplored compositional space. In this work, we harness machine learning and provide an efficient design strategy for finding promising niobium-based alloy compositions with high yield and ultimate tensile strength. Unlike standard composition-based features, we use domain knowledge-based custom features and achieve higher prediction accuracy. We apply Bayesian optimization to screen out novel Nb-based quaternary and quinary alloy compositions and find these compositions have superior predicted strength over a range of temperatures. We develop a detailed design flow and include Python programming code, which could be helpful for accelerating alloy design in a limited alloy data regime.
Energetic ion and plasma oscillation measurements during plume mode operation of a hollow cathode
Authors: Suzuki Atsuya , Kinefuchi Kiyoshi , Ichihara Daisuke , Cho Shinatora , Watanabe Hiroki , Kubota Kenichi
Published: July 2023

Hollow cathodes are important devices used for spacecraft electric propulsion. The hollow cathode has two operational modes. One mode is a stable mode called the spot mode, and the other is an unstable mode called the plume mode. Operation in plume mode should be avoided since the instability causes high-energy ions that sputter-erode the cathode parts. In this study, the relationship between discharge oscillations and ion energy distribution in plume mode was investigated using a triple Langmuir probe and retarding potential analyzer for a 40-A class xenon hollow cathode with a lanthanum hexaboride emitter. The triple probe can measure unsteady electron temperature and plasma density oscillations. The electron temperature was not so high, 1 to 2 eV. Some instabilities were observed in the plume mode. The ionization instability with a low frequency oscillation of 30 kHz was the dominant mode. A broad spectrum around 330 kHz due to ion acoustic turbulence was observed. In addition, in the downstream plume region, oscillations around 120 kHz were observed owing to temporal change in anomalous resistivity. The 95% ion population voltage found to be 20 and 30 eV in spot and plume modes, respectively. The magnitude of the low frequency ionization oscillation was found to be inversely proportional to ion energy in plume mode. This indicates that the resonant energy transfer from the oscillation to the ion energy through Landau damping probably plays an important role in high energy ion generation in plume mode. A clear correlation between discharge current and electron temperature waveforms was found. The larger the electron temperature fluctuation, the stronger the correlation between discharge current and electron temperature, and the larger the phase difference deviation from 180°.
Ferroelectric-controlled all MXene nonvolatile flexible memory devices for data storage application
Authors: Fatima Sabeen , Tahir Rabia , Rizwan Syed
Published: July 2023

Ferroelectric materials have attracted the interest of current innovation in terms of high nonvolatile storage, light weight, smart, portable, and better functioned memories. In this work, we present all MXene (Mo2TiC2Tx/FE-Ti3C2Tx/Mo2TiC2Tx) flexible memory device with substrate-free growth in ambient conditions. The surface morphology, elemental and structural analysis confirmed synthesis of the MXene sheets. X-ray diffraction, Raman, and FTIR spectra showed the presence of TiO2 inside FE-Ti3C2Tx MXene that contributed toward the ferroelectric behavior of MXene as is evident by its hysteretic polarization curves. The extraordinary device performance with 103 on/off ratio, significant reproducibility, visible stable behavior up to 200 cycles, and a data retention of 104 s demonstrate MXene's promise to be employed in ferroelectric random access memory devices.
Electromagnetic properties of 3D-printed carbon–BaTiO3 composites
Authors: Blyweert Pauline , Zharov Alexander , Meisak Darya , Plyushch Artyom , Macutkevič Jan , Banys Jūras , Fierro Vanessa , Celzard Alain
Published: July 2023

3D-printed carbon structures filled with BaTiO3 nanoparticles were investigated in low (20 Hz–1 MHz) and microwave (26–37 GHz) frequency ranges. These structures possess rather high electrical conductivity in the low-frequency range (about several S/cm) and excellent dielectric properties in the microwave range. The electrical transport is thermally activated and can be attributed to electron transport through various defects. The electromagnetic properties of the investigated structures in the microwave range are very attractive. For example, the absorption of a 2 mm-plate with 46 wt. % of BaTiO3 at 30 GHz is 50%. The impact of BaTiO3 nanoparticles on the dielectric properties of the hybrid structures is positive over a wide frequency range, and the highest dielectric losses are observed for structures with 46 wt. % BaTiO3.
Optimized reaction coordinates for analysis of enhanced sampling
Authors: Widmer Julian , Langini Cassiano , Vitalis Andreas , Caflisch Amedeo
Published: July 2023

Atomistic simulations of biological processes offer insights at a high level of spatial and temporal resolution, but accelerated sampling is often required for probing timescales of biologically relevant processes. The resulting data need to be statistically reweighted and condensed in a concise yet faithful manner to facilitate interpretation. Here, we provide evidence that a recently proposed approach for the unsupervised determination of optimized reaction coordinate (RC) can be used for both analysis and reweighting of such data. We first show that for a peptide interconverting between helical and collapsed configurations, the optimal RC permits efficient reconstruction of equilibrium properties from enhanced sampling trajectories. Upon RC-reweighting, kinetic rate constants and free energy profiles are in good agreement with values obtained from equilibrium simulations. In a more challenging test, we apply the method to enhanced sampling simulations of the unbinding of an acetylated lysine-containing tripeptide from the bromodomain of ATAD2. The complexity of this system allows us to investigate the strengths and limitations of these RCs. Overall, the findings presented here underline the potential of the unsupervised determination of reaction coordinates and the synergy with orthogonal analysis methods, such as Markov state models and SAPPHIRE analysis.
Interaction of a precursor soliton with wake structure in a flowing dusty plasma
Authors: Kumar Krishan , Bandyopadhyay P. , Singh Swarnima , Sen A.
Published: July 2023

We report experimental observations on the interaction of a precursor soliton with a wake structure in a flowing dusty plasma system. The experiments are carried out in an inverted ∏-shaped experimental device in which a dusty plasma is created in a direct current glow discharge Ar plasma using micrometer sized Kaolin particles. Two copper wires installed radially on the cathode serve as charged objects in the plasma environment. Precursor solitons and wake structures are excited by each of the charged objects when the dust fluid flows supersonically over both the objects. In the frame of the fluid, the solitons propagate in the upstream direction, whereas the smaller amplitude wake structures propagate in the downstream direction. A soliton, excited by one of the objects, interacts with the wake structure generated by the other object in the region between the two charged objects. After the interaction, the amplitude and velocity of the soliton increase whereas its width decreases. The results are explained theoretically using numerical solutions of a model forced Korteweg-de Vries equation driven by two source terms.
Effects of NBI-induced energetic ions on internal kink stability in HL-2M
Authors: Dong G. Q. , Liu Y. Q. , Hao G. Z. , Wang S. , Zhang N. , Wang Y. Q. , Miao Y. T. , Li C. Y. , Zhao Y. F.
Published: July 2023

A systematic investigation is carried out, studying the effect of the neutral beam injection induced energetic particles (EPs) on the n = 1 (n is the toroidal mode number) internal kink (IK) instability in the HL-2M tokamak, utilizing the MARS-F/K code [Liu et al., Phys. Plasmas 7, 3681 (2000) and 15, 112503 (2008)]. A high-beta sawteething HL-2M scenario, simulated by the TRANSP code [Breslau et al. Computer Software (2018)], is chosen for this study. Compared to the fluid model, non-perturbative magnetohydrodynamic (MHD)-kinetic hybrid computations with MARS-K show a generally stabilization effect on the IK, due to drift kinetic resonances associated with EPs. The bounce resonance of trapped EPs has minor influence on the mode stability. In the absence of the plasma equilibrium flow and with the assumed particle pitch distribution, the transit resonance of co-current (countercurrent) passing EPs destabilizes (stabilizes) the IK. With plasma flow, both co- and countercurrent passing EPs tend to stabilize the mode, but the effect is stronger with the countercurrent particles. These modeling results provide useful guidance for interpreting MHD instabilities in the future high-performance experiments in HL-2M.
Size-dependent miscibility controls the kinetics of anion exchange in cesium lead halide nanocrystals
Authors: Zhang Dongyan , Wu Xinyi Sarah , Wang Dong , Sadtler Bryce
Published: July 2023

Anion exchange is a facile, post-synthetic method to tune the emission wavelength of colloidal cesium lead halide (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite nanocrystals. While colloidal nanocrystals can exhibit size-dependent phase stability and chemical reactivity, the role of size in the mechanism of anion exchange in CsPbX3 nanocrystals has not been elucidated. We used single-particle fluorescence microscopy to monitor the transformation of individual CsPbBr3 nanocrystals to CsPbI3. By systematically varying the size of the nanocrystals and the concentration of substitutional iodide, we observed that smaller nanocrystals exhibit longer transition times in their fluorescence trajectories, while larger nanocrystals undergo a more abrupt transition during anion exchange. Monte Carlo simulations were used to rationalize the size-dependent reactivity, in which we varied how each exchange event affects the probability for further exchange. Greater cooperativity for simulated ion exchange leads to shorter transition times to complete the exchange. We propose that size-dependent miscibility between CsPbBr3 and CsPbI3 at the nanoscale controls the reaction kinetics. Smaller nanocrystals maintain a homogeneous composition during anion exchange. As the nanocrystal size increases, variations in the octahedral tilting patterns of the perovskite crystals lead to different structures for CsPbBr3 and CsPbI3. Thus, an iodide-rich region must first nucleate within larger CsPbBr3 nanocrystals, which is followed by rapid transformation to CsPbI3. While higher concentrations of substitutional anions can suppress this size-dependent reactivity, the inherent differences in reactivity between nanocrystals of different sizes are important to consider when scaling up this reaction for applications in solid-state lighting and biological imaging.
Low frequency noise in
β
-Ga2O3 based nanoelectronic devices
Authors: Tang Minglei , Liu Lining , Jia Chunyang , Wu Songhao , Lee Young Jin , Wang Guodong , Ma Yuanxiao , Jeon Dae-Woo , Park Ji-Hyeon , Zhang Yiyun , Yi Xiaoyan , Wang Yeliang , Wang Junxi , Li Jinmin
Published: July 2023

In this work, low frequency noise in β-Ga2O3 nanowire-based (NW) electronic devices is analyzed, which exhibits different behaviors as the device size scales down. The noise spectrum for the narrower NW (∼80 nm) is closer to 1/f characteristics, whereas it starts to show evident 1/f2 components as the NW size gets thicker (∼200 nm), giving clear signs of distinctive features for the bunch of traps at the NW interface or in the bulk. Our results show that 1/f noise in these NW electronic devices seems predominantly originated from an aggregated effect of the intricate trap states close to the β-Ga2O3 NW surface or interface with a wide range distribution, while finite groups of active deep traps play a critical role in contributing 1/f2components via generation-recombination or random telegraph signal processes. Notably, as the bias voltage increases, the 1/f2 components in the noise spectra get more overwhelming and would shift toward lower frequencies, suggesting that electric ionization effects would screen the shallow traps close to the surface or interface based on the Poole–Frenkel model. The Hooge's constants extracted from the 1/f noise component for these β-Ga2O3 NW-based devices fall in the range of 0.008–0.019, which are comparable to those of the best reported devices based on other wide bandgap semiconductor with nanoscale structures, including GaN, ZnO, and SnO2. This work may give hints of revealing the sophisticated dynamic behaviors of traps in the surface/volume β-Ga2O3 materials and electronic devices in the nanoscale by low frequency noises.
Evaluating the importance of Raman and Brillouin side scattering at ignition conditions
Authors: Xiao C. Z. , Wang Q. , Myatt J. F.
Published: July 2023

A complete linear model for Raman and Brillouin side scattering is analyzed with infinite and finite boundary conditions. Analytic formulas of absolute thresholds and convective gains for side scatterings are derived when infinite boundary is assumed. Finite beam width introduces finite boundary conditions to the side scattering, which could influence both absolute thresholds and convective gains. Using these formulas and models, we have evaluated the importance of stimulated Raman side scattering and stimulated Brillouin side scattering at ignition conditions, including both direct drive and indirect drive. It shows that side scattering could be a possible way of scattering other than backscattering in several ignition situations.
Size convergence of the E×B staircase pattern in flux tube simulations of ion temperature gradient-driven turbulence
Authors: Lippert M. , Rath F. , Peeters A. G.
Published: July 2023

The radial size convergence of the E×B staircase pattern is addressed in local gradient-driven flux tube simulations of ion temperature gradient (ITG)-driven turbulence. It is shown that a mesoscale pattern size of ∼57–76 ρ is inherent to ITG-driven turbulence with Cyclone Base Case parameters in the local limit.
Nonlinear generation of hollow beams in tunable plasmonic nanosuspensions
Authors: Zhan Jingyan , Li Denghui , Bongiovanni Domenico , Xiang Yinxiao , Chen Shengyao , Zhang Yujie , Tang Liqin , Song Daohong , Yang Jianke , Morandotti Roberto , Chen Zhigang
Published: July 2023

We experimentally demonstrate that a probe beam at one wavelength, although exhibiting a weak nonlinear response on its own, can be modulated and controlled by a pump beam at another wavelength in plasmonic nanosuspensions, leading to ring-shaped pattern generation. In particular, we show that the probe and pump wavelengths can be interchanged, but the hollow beam patterns appear only in the probe beam, thanks to the gold nanosuspensions that exhibit a strong nonlinear response to pump beam illumination at the plasmonic resonant frequencies. Colloidal suspensions consisting of either gold nanospheres or gold nanorods are employed as nonlinear media, which give rise to refractive index changes and cross-phase modulation between the two beams. We perform a series of experiments to examine the dynamics of hollow beam generation at a fixed probe power as the pump power is varied and find that nonlinear beam shaping has a different power threshold in different nanosuspensions. Our results will enhance the understanding of nonlinear light–matter interactions in plasmonic nanosuspensions, which may be useful for applications in controlling light by light and in optical limiting.
Optically tunable proton acceleration with a controlled prepulse in ultrashort intense laser double-foil target interaction
Authors: Wei Wen-Qing , Zhang Jia-Lin , Ge Xu-Lei , Liu Meng , Li Bo-Yuan , Li Jian-Xing , Zhao Yong-Tao , Yuan Xiao-Hui
Published: July 2023

Competition and transition of the dominated mechanisms for proton acceleration were investigated in experiments by optically tuning the preplasma density profile using an additional femtosecond pre-ablation laser beam. Two groups of proton beams with angular separation were measured along the laser propagation axis and target normal direction from a vacuum-gapped double-foil target. A transition of proton acceleration from a target normal sheath acceleration regime to relativistically induced transparency (RIT) domination was observed when increasing the prepulse intensity. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations qualitatively verify the experimental observations that a proton component along the laser axis is mainly generated by the RIT induced breakout afterburner from the tailored pre-expanded ultrathin front-layer foil with spatial-intensity distribution improvement by the second-layer foil. Our method can be popularized in manipulating the laser-driven proton acceleration and beam spatial quality for wide applications.
Dual-polarization interferometric fiber optic gyroscope with Shupe effect compensation
Authors: Cao Yuwen , Zhu Lanxin , Shi Fangshuo , Chen Yanjun , Cao Xinyu , Wang Wenbo , Huang Huimin , Ma Xiangdong , Li Zhengbin
Published: July 2023

Dual-polarization (DP) interferometric fiber optic gyroscope (IFOG) has been studied for over a decade, which has important applications in inertial navigation and rotational seismology. Currently, the Shupe effect is an important factor degrading the accuracy of the DP IFOG. Here, a dual-quadrupolar winding pattern is proposed to compensate for the Shupe effect. The finite-element simulation experiments verify that the phase shifts induced by the Shupe effect in two polarizations are almost reversed and well compensated. Static laboratory test results show that, in this configuration, the angle random walk is reduced 10-fold to 7.1×10−5 °/h, while the bias instability is reduced ninefold to 1.7×10−4 °/h. Moreover, a 3-h temperature variation experiment is carried out. The results show that, compared with the original output, the net rotation rate errors originating from the Shupe effect are effectively compensated and the temperature drift is reduced by 13 times. To summarize, the dual-quadrupolar-wound method is a valid approach to compensate for the Shupe effect, and the temperature adaptability of this DP configuration is greatly enhanced.
A flexible triboelectric nanogenerator based on PVA/PTT/LiCl conductive hydrogel for gait monitoring in basketball
Authors: Deng Liping , Deng Yuanxiang
Published: July 2023

Recently, wearable flexible sensors for intelligent sports monitoring have attracted much attention. In this work, we designed the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT)/LiCl hydrogel to act as the flexible conductive of triboelectric nanogenerator (PPL-TENG). Significantly, the PPL-TENG device has high transparency and stretchability, demonstrating excellent ability in complex mechanical energy harvesting. From the results, the PPL-TENG achieve the maximum power density of 159.6 µW cm−2. In addition, the PVA/PTT/LiCl hydrogel exhibits good mechanical properties, thus endowing PPL-TENG devices with excellent application value. Also, the electrical output of PPL-TENG exhibits good stability and excellent fast charging capability. In addition to mechanical energy harvesting, PPL-TENG also has excellent sensing performance and can be used as a self-powered sensor for basketball motion monitoring. After experimental testing, PPL-TENG can recognize the characteristics of body joints and gait in basketball, which will play an auxiliary role in basketball sports. This research will promote the development of intelligent wearable sports devices.
A canonical numerical experiment to study detonation initiation from colliding subsonic auto-ignition waves
Authors: Taileb S. , Farag G. , Robin V. , Chinnayya A.
Published: July 2023

The collision of two subsonic auto-ignition fronts with initial constant velocity was found to transit to detonation only when the collision angle was acute. The interaction of the reactive phase wave with inert hot layers constituted a singularity providing a continuous source of vorticity due to barocline effect. For an acute angle, this singularity that propagated at supersonic speed induced oblique pressure waves, of which resonance, due to the reactivity gradient geometry, near the center of the channel in the fresh gases accelerated the reactive wave fronts until transition to detonation. The numerical results of the present study, even if based on drastic assumptions, were at least in good qualitative consistency with experiments. The geometry of the reactivity gradients can thus provide another seed for the coupling between gas dynamics and heat release. Continuous pressure fluctuations and oblique shocks coming from vorticity sources and sheets from barocline effects can considerably enhance this transition. This path to transition could be complementary to that invoking mixing burning within premixed non-planar turbulent flame brush.
Effect of evaporation on the limit of detection of explosive traces by active spectral imaging
Authors: Kudryashova O. B. , Kuzovnikova L. V. , Pavlenko A. A. , Titov S. S.
Published: July 2023

When developing methods for standoff detection of explosive traces, an important issue is determination of the limit (minimum) amount of a substance available for detection. This limit depends on the features of the measuring complex realization, on the physicochemical properties of the substance, and on the dynamics of sublimation (evaporation) of the substance from the surface. In this work, we consider the problem of detection limit for a measuring complex based on the method of active spectral imaging. In realization of this method, the distance to the object and the measurement time after the appearance at the surface of a substance imprint are important. How long this trace amount of substance can be detected, taking into account its evaporation? An explosive imprint is a thin layer on a surface (usually considered as a fingerprint with traces of the substance). We theoretically consider the dynamics of the change in the area of this imprint on the basis of a mathematical model of evaporation of a thin layer. Based on mathematical modeling, we can estimate the amount of a specific substance available for detection under the given conditions and the availability time. We identified the main parameters that affect the rate of film evaporation and the range of parameter change and calculated the kinetic parameters of sublimation of thin films of some explosives. The performed calculations allowed us to draw conclusions about the detection limit of substances for the active spectral imaging method depending on the distance to the measurement object and the time after the appearance of a surface trace with an initial surface concentration and area specific to a fingerprint.
Origin and development of the claustrum in rhesus macaque
Authors: Li Hong , Duque Alvaro , Rakic Pasko
Published: July 2023

Understanding the claustrum’s functions has recently progressed thanks to new anatomical and behavioral studies in rodents, which suggest that it plays an important role in attention, salience detection, slow-wave generation, and neocortical network synchronization. Nevertheless, knowledge about the origin and development of the claustrum, especially in primates, is still limited. Here, we show that neurons of rhesus macaque claustrum primordium are generated between embryonic day E48 and E55 and express some neocortical molecular markers, such as NR4A2, SATB2, and SOX5. However, in the early stages, it lacks TBR1 expression, which separates it from other surrounding telencephalic structures. We also found that two waves of neurogenesis (E48 and E55) in the claustrum, corresponding to the birthdates of layers 6 and 5 of the insular cortex, establish a “core” and “shell” cytoarchitecture, which is potentially a basis for differential circuit formation and could influence information processing underlying higher cognitive functions of the claustrum. In addition, parvalbumin-positive interneurons are the dominant interneuron type in the claustrum in fetal macaque, and their maturation is independent of that in the overlaying neocortex. Finally, our study reveals that the claustrum is likely not a continuance of subplate neurons of the insular cortex, but an independent pallial region, suggesting its potentially unique role in cognitive control.
Lifetime years married held steady for men with a BA degree since 1960 but dropped to lowest level since 1880 for men without a BA
Authors: Schwartz Christine R. , González-Velastín Rodrigo , Li Anita
Published: July 2023

Trends in life expectancy and marriage patterns work together to determine expected lifetime years married. In 1880, adult life expectancy was short and marriages were more likely to end by death than divorce. Since then, although there have been substantial life expectancy gains in adulthood, marriage has been increasingly delayed or forgone and cohabitation and divorce are far more prevalent. Whether adults today can expect to spend more or fewer years married than in the past depends on the relative magnitude of changes in mortality and marriage. We estimate trends in men’s expected lifetime years married (and in other marital statuses) from 1880 to 2019 and by bachelor’s degree (BA) status from 1960 to 2019. Our results show a rise in men’s expected lifetime years married between 1880 and the Baby Boom era and a subsequent fall. There are large and growing differences by BA status. Men with a BA have had high and relatively stable expected lifetime years married since 1960. For men without a BA, expected lifetime years married has plummeted to lows not seen among men since 1880. Cohabitation accounts for a substantial fraction, although not all, of these declines. Our results demonstrate how increasing inequality in both life expectancy and marriage patterns combine to amplify educational differences in lifetime experiences of coresidential partnerships.
Dark Korteweg–De Vrise System and Its Higher-Dimensional Deformations
Authors: Zhu Si-Yu , Kong De-Xing , Lou Sen-Yue
Published: July 2023

The new dimensional deformation approach is proposed to generate higher-dimensional analogues of integrable systems. An arbitrary (K+1)-dimensional integrable Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) system, as an example, exhibiting symmetry, is illustrated to arise from a reconstructed deformation procedure, starting with a general symmetry integrable (1+1)-dimensional dark KdV system and its conservation laws. Physically, the dark equation systems may be related to dark matter physics. To describe nonlinear physics, both linear and nonlinear dispersions should be considered. In the original lower-dimensional integrable systems, only liner or nonlinear dispersion is included. The deformation algorithm naturally makes the model also include the linear dispersion and nonlinear dispersion.
Gravitational wave hints black hole remnants as dark matter
Authors: Domènech Guillem , Sasaki Misao
Published: July 2023

The end state of Hawking evaporation of a black hole is uncertain. Some candidate quantum gravity theories, such as loop quantum gravity and asymptotic safe gravity, hint towards Planck sized remnants. If so, the Universe might be filled with remnants of tiny primordial black holes, which formed with massM<109 g. A unique scenario is the case ofM∼5×105 g, where tiny primordial black holes reheat the Universe by Hawking evaporation and their remnants dominate the dark matter (DM). Here, we point out that this scenario leads to a cosmological gravitational wave signal at frequencies ∼100 Hz. Finding such a particular gravitational wave signature with, e.g. the Einstein telescope, would suggest black hole remnants as DM.
Quantum field corrections to the equation of state of freely streaming matter in the Friedman–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker space-time
Authors: Becattini F , Roselli D
Published: July 2023

We calculate the energy density and pressure of a scalar field after its decoupling from a thermal bath in the spatially flat Friedman–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker space-time, within the framework of quantum statistical mechanics. By using the density operator determined by the condition of local thermodynamic equilibrium, we calculate the mean value of the stress-energy tensor of a real scalar field by subtracting the vacuum expectation value at the time of the decoupling. The obtained expressions of energy density and pressure involve corrections with respect to the classical free-streaming solution of the relativistic Boltzmann equation, which may become relevant even at long times.
Dynamic evolution of metal nanoclusters revealed by in-situ electron microscopy
Authors: Zhang Luyao , Zhang Lei , Yu Boyuan , Wang Rongming , Yang Feng
Published: July 2023

Nanoclusters involve finite metal atoms are of great importance in chemical synthesis and catalysis due to their unique structure-dependent properties. Knowing how nanoclusters work in reaction conditions is no doubt one of the most important challenges, which requires deep insight into atomic-scale dynamics during the process. State-of-the-art in-situ transmission electron microscope (TEM) can realize the real-time study, which is expected to reveal insights into the underlying mechanisms of catalysis and design efficient catalysts. In this minireview, we aim to give a critical review and recent progress on nanocluster dynamics unveiled by in-situ and environmental TEM from two aspects: evolutions of metal single atoms and nanoclusters in high-temperature reaction conditions and the well-defined molecular clusters in confined space. We emphasize the cluster-environment interaction and the cluster structure–property relationships. In the end, we also summarize the present achievements and propose future challenges. We expect this review will fuel the excitement and stimulate research in the fields of cluster and catalysis.
Glass fiber network reinforced polyethylene terephthalate composites for support insulators
Authors: Liang Zuodong , Zhuang Weijian , Lin Chuanjie , Liang Fangwei , Fan Xianhao , Zhu Yujie , Li Qi , Li Chuanyang , He Jinliang
Published: July 2023

Epoxy resin has long been used as an insulating material in high-voltage apparatus, although its poor recyclability greatly limits its future application. Fiber network reinforced polyethylene terephthalate (PET), as a low-cost and recyclable material, has great potential to substitute epoxy resin as a high-voltage insulation material. The enhanced fiber network combined with the PET matrix form a semi-‘steel-reinforced concrete’ structure, and can collaboratively improve the tensile strength by more than 50% and the dielectric strength by 25.4%. Furthermore, the breakdown path as well as the fiber distribution are clearly rebuilt in 3D coordinates based on a 3D x-ray microscope for the first time. Experimental and computational evidence show that the fiber network lengthens the breakdown path and improves the dielectric strength. This work provides new perspectives for subsequent research on the electrical properties of bone-enhanced dielectric polymer composite.