bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploration of latent barriers inhibiting project management processes in adopting smart building technologies (SBTs) in the developing countries
Authors: Ghansah Frank Ato , Owusu-Manu De-Graft , Ayarkwa Joshua , Edwards David John , Hosseini M. Reza
Published: March 2021

Purpose

While smart building technologies (SBTs) implementation ensures sustainability, their adoption is hampered by latent barriers, especially in project management processes. These latent barriers must be addressed to facilitate the successful and widespread adoption of SBTs. Therefore, this study aims to explore the significant latent barriers inhibiting the project management processes in adopting SBTs in developing countries.

Design/methodology/approach

A positivist research philosophy couched within a deductive approach was adopted to undertake a quantitative questionnaire survey of 227 project management and design team participants. Descriptive and inferential analytical tools (including a one sample T-test and exploratory factor analysis) were then adopted to interpret data collected.

Findings

The results reveal that the “high cost of smart sustainable materials and equipment” is the major significant barrier hindering the adoption of SBTs in developing countries. Latent barriers were: “structure and time-related barriers,” “construction-related barriers” and “human, policy and cost-related barriers”.

Originality/value

The study contributes novel insights into the prevailing nascent discourse on SBTs from the perspectives of construction project managers and design teams in developing countries, particularly. Furthermore, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that ascertains the significant barriers inhibiting project management processes in adopting SBTs in developing countries.
Is socioemotional wealth being influenced by the intentions to pursue succession on incumbent owners? Empirical research on Mexican family business
Authors: Contreras-Lozano Carlos Rafael , Flores-Ortiz Maria Virginia , Alcalá-Álvarez Ma. Del Carmen
Published: March 2021

Purpose

The authors identify the theoretical constructions measuring the intentions to pursue succession as well as the socioemotional wealth theoretical framework, and the authors propose an objective of testing the relationships existing between them so as their importance giving evidence of their relevance.

Design/methodology/approach

It is a research with a positivist philosophical position measuring in a quantitative way with a deductive and structured approach applied to 98 CEO owners of Mexican companies, using nonparametric methodologies the authors simulated subsamples with structural equation modeling in SmartPLS 3.3.2, the metrics on the model are described as a functionalist paradigm.

Findings

Directors' attitudes paired up with the intentions of succession are significantly related to the socioemotional aspect of the family business; although the theory proposes three aspects to measure these intentions, the social norm in this research has not been strong enough to be a predictor as an influence on the company's socioemotional wealth.

Originality/value

The authors found this a valuable paper for the complement of theory focused on purely manifesting aspects in family companies, because they identified theoretical and empirical relationships opening up guidelines for new research in socioemotional aspects in accordance with the entrepreneurs attitudes to achieve succession, the differentiation lies in measuring psychological aspects of the director's behavior toward succession and not to the succession per se as done in most research; also, the methodology of data analysis facilitates the reader to easily recognize the relationships between the proposed theoretical constructions, showing the detailed metrics development by researchers in the family business field.
How effectuation, causation and bricolage influence the international performance of firms via internationalisation strategy: a literature review
Authors: Coudounaris Dafnis N. , Arvidsson Henrik G.S.
Published: March 2021

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the antecedents of the internationalisation strategy i.e., effectuation, causation and bricolage on the international performance of the firm.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, the study uses 138 peer-reviewed articles on effectuation, causation, effectual/causal decision-making logics and related issues such as the impact of antecedent factors of international strategy (i.e. effectuation, causation and bricolage) on the international performance of the firm.

Findings

Even though the theory of effectuation was formulated in 2001, to a large extent it has still not moved away from the realm of small entrepreneurial firms. The development of effectuation logic has accelerated in recent years, but the bulk of the research still focusses on small entrepreneurial firms rather than on the application of the theory in larger, non-entrepreneurial firms. Furthermore, effectuation theory would benefit from being developed into the realm of psychology and sociology.

Originality/value

This study offers a conceptual model on how effectuation, causation and bricolage influence internationalisation strategy, which, in turn, impacts the international performance of the firm. Furthermore, the study discusses the effectual logic for larger firms. The exponential growth of studies on effectuation during recent years, i.e. 2017 to the first quarter of 2020, shows that researchers have responded to calls by leading authors stating that effectuation theory is a field with great potential for further theoretical developments. This study presents a literature review of the critical issue of the engagement of internationalisation strategies with effectuation, causation, bricolage and the international performance of the firm compared to the earlier literature review for the period 2001–2016 by Matalamäki (2017) and Karami et al. (2019) on effectuation and internationalisation.
Wear performance of Al-TiC composite at elevated temperature
Authors: Agrawal Eshan , Tungikar Vinod
Published: March 2021

Purpose

Aluminium matrix composites are subjected to wear as well as higher temperature applications such as pistons, cylinder heads and blocks for car engines. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the performance of aluminium metal matrix composite at elevated temperature.

Design/methodology/approach

In the present work wear performance of Al-TiC composite with 7.5% reinforcement of TiC powder is carried out at elevated temperature. The composite specimens are prepared with the help of centrifugal casting method to get the large segregation of reinforcement on the outer layer of the composite which is subjected to wear. Taguchi method is used for preparing design of experiments.

Findings

The wear test is performed on DUCOM pin on disc setup having the heating chamber facility. The results of wear test are analysed with the help of MINITAB 19 software. The results show that temperature has dominant effect on the wear rate. The mathematical model through regression is predicted for wear rate and coefficient of friction. The study of worn-out surface is performed with the help of scanning electron microscope. The micrographs show that the type of wear is changes from abrasive to severe wear and some delamination.

Originality/value

The experiments are conducted as per ASTM standards. The results give the mathematical equation for wear rate and coefficient of friction at elevated temperatures.
Providing emergency medical care without consent: How the ‘emergency principle’ in Australian law protects against claims of trespass
Authors: Boyle Sam , Stepanov Nikola
Published: March 2021

In a medical emergency, the usual requirement to obtain consent before giving treatment does not apply. This exception to the general rule on consent to medical treatment is known as the ‘emergency principle’. By considering a case scenario, and by adjusting the facts to this scenario, we explain the circumstances in which the emergency principle will protect practitioners from an action in trespass. Although the fundamentals of this principle are uncontroversial, there are a number of uncertainties and inconsistencies in this law in relation to certain parameters. For example, whether a practitioner would ever be obliged to seek consent from a substitute decision‐maker before providing emergency treatment is not clearly or consistently explained. We suggest the law should be clarified.
Mechanistic and phylogenetic insights into actinobacteria‐mediated oestrogen biodegradation in urban estuarine sediments
Authors: Hsiao Tsun‐Hsien , Chen Yi‐Lung , Meng Menghsiao , Chuang Meng‐Rong , Horinouchi Masae , Hayashi Toshiaki , Wang Po‐Hsiang , Chiang Yin‐Ru
Published: March 2021

Steroidal oestrogens are often accumulated in urban estuarine sediments worldwide at microgram per gram levels. These aromatic steroids have been classified as endocrine disruptors and group 1 carcinogens. Microbial degradation is a naturally occurring mechanism that mineralizes oestrogens in the biosphere; however, the corresponding genes in oestrogen‐degrading actinobacteria remain unidentified. In this study, we identified a gene cluster encoding several putative oestrogen‐degrading genes (aed; actinobacterial oestrogen degradation) in actinobacterium Rhodococcus sp. strain B50. Among them, the aedA and aedB genes involved in oestrogenic A‐ring cleavage were identified through gene‐disruption experiments. We demonstrated that actinobacterial oestrone 4‐hydroxylase (AedA) is a cytochrome P450‐type monooxygenase. We also detected the accumulation of two extracellular oestrogenic metabolites, including pyridinestrone acid (PEA) and 3aα‐H‐4α(3'‐propanoate)‐7aβ‐methylhexahydro‐1,5‐indanedione (HIP), in the oestrone‐fed strain B50 cultures. Since actinobacterial aedB and proteobacterial edcB shared < 40% sequence identity, 4‐hydroxyestrone 4,5‐dioxygenase genes (namely aedB and edcB) could serve as a specific biomarker to differentiate the contribution of actinobacteria and proteobacteria in environmental oestrogen degradation. Therefore, 4‐hydroxyestrone 4,5‐dioxygenase genes and the extracellular metabolites PEA and HIP were used as biomarkers to investigate oestrogen biodegradation in an urban estuarine sediment. Interestingly, our data suggested that actinobacteria are active oestrogen degraders in the urban estuarine sediment.
Instrumental variable methods in structural equation models
Authors: Grace James B.
Published: March 2021

Instrumental variable regression (RegIV) provides a means for detecting and correcting parameter bias in causal models. Widely used in economics, recently several papers have highlighted its potential utility for ecological applications. Little attention has thus far been paid to the fact that IV methods can also be implemented within structural equation models (SEMIV). In this paper I present the motivations, requirements and basic procedures for using SEMIV.

I first consider causal inference and IVs from the perspective of a randomized experiment with partial control of the cause of interest. I consider common sources of bias, the role of randomization and limits to its capacity to exclude bias. Sources of bias include omitted confounders, reciprocal causation, reverse causation and measurement error, all of which can all be seen as a single problem—endogeneity. The approach to estimating IV models most commonly used in econometric practice, two‐stage least squares regression (2SLS), is explained, followed by a brief exposition of the covariance modelling approach used in SEM. Using data from an ecological field experiment, I illustrate the use of the treatment variable as an IV and then illustrate procedures for evaluating candidate variables that might serve as additional IVs.

IV methods are shown to be useful for both detecting endogeneity and removing its influences. I illustrate some of the ways that bias can be generated, as well as diagnostic capabilities and means for remedy embedded within SEM. Procedures for screening and evaluating additional IVs reveal valuable lessons regarding the theoretical requirements and empirical standards for IVs.

SEMIV provides a useful way to detect and control for bias. I suggest that the use of IVs within the SEM framework can support the simultaneous pursuit of causal inference and explanatory modelling, a common pair of aspirations for ecologists. Moving forward, there is a need for a better understanding of the capabilities of SEMIV and requirements for successful application.
Complete clearance of condyloma acuminata using injection Vitamin D3
Authors: Jha Niharika
Published: March 2021

Anogenital warts (AGWs) are caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) and are transmitted by sexual route. The available options for the treatment of AGWs are cumbersome, require multiple sittings and are associated with recurrence. This is a case report of a male with condyloma acuminata who was treated successfully using injection vitamin D3. No recurrence was observed in a follow‐up period of 6 months.
Work‐related musculoskeletal injuries among obstetricians and gynaecologists: A cross‐sectional survey of Fellows of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG)
Authors: Kapoor Shveta , Mahomed Kassam , Kapoor Vishal
Published: March 2021

Background

Obstetricians and gynaecologists (O&Gs) are at a risk of work‐related musculoskeletal injuries (WRMI) on a daily basis.

Aims

To describe the prevalence of WRMI among O&Gs in Australia and New Zealand, explore risk factors for such injuries, and evaluate their impact.

Methods

An online survey of Fellows of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists was conducted in July 2016. It comprised questions on personal attributes, type of work, site and cause of WRMI, if any and treatment required.

Results

We received responses from 765 O&Gs giving a response rate of 38.3% (765/1997). Four hundred and ten specialists (53.6%) reported suffering a WRMI at some point, including 252 (32.9%) who reported multiple injuries. In multivariable analysis, females had increased risk of WRMI (odds ratio (OR): 2.12; 95% CI: 1.54–2.91) and among generalists and subspecialists, gynaecological oncologists had highest risk for WRMI (OR: 3.13; 95% CI: 1.21–8.14). Commonest sites of injury were back (218/633, 34.4%) and shoulder (131/633, 20.7%). Laparoscopic surgery (117/633, 18.5%) was the commonest cause of injury. Treatment was required for 88.6% of injuries (561/633) including 8.4% (53/633) of cases which required surgery. Ongoing symptoms post‐injury were reported for 52.1% of injuries (330/633) and in 25.8% (163/633) of instances the practitioner needed to modify their scope of work.

Conclusion

This survey among a large cohort of O&Gs shows a high prevalence of WRMI with a profound negative impact on the practitioner and profession. There is a pressing need to advocate for improved ergonomics in their workplaces.
LRH‐A3 and HCG increase pregnancy rate during timed artificial insemination in dairy cows
Authors: Zheng Peng , Huang He , Li Xiaoyu , Huang Fushuo , Adeniran Samson Olugbenga , Wang Ziming , Feng Rui , Zhang Guixue
Published: March 2021

The objective of this study was to use luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone A3 (LRH‐A3) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) to improve pregnancy rate of dairy cows during timed artificial insemination (TAI). In experiment 1, the TAI process (0 d, GnRH, 100 μg; 7 d, PGF2α, 0.4 mg; 56 hr, GnRH, 100 μg; 16 hr, AI) was applied to 160 dairy cows on 50th and 60th days after parturition respectively. In experiment 2, 320 postpartum dairy cows were treated with TAI (Group A), TAI + 25 μg LRH‐A3 (Group B), TAI + 1,500 IU HCG 5 days after AI (Group C), and TAI + 25 μg LRH‐A3 + 1,500 IU HCG 5 days after AI (Group D). In experiment 3, endometrial cells were treated with HCG. The results showed that TAI did not affect the pregnancy rate, while LRH‐A3 and HCG increased the pregnancy rate of the cow. HCG of 5 IU/ml and 10 IU/ml increased the expressions of leukemia inhibitory factor but decreased those of interleukin‐6, epidermal growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in endometrial cells. This study provided a plan for the use of LRH‐A3 and HCG to increase pregnancy rate during TAI in dairy cows.
A Bayesian spatial model for imaging genetics
Authors: Song Yin , Ge Shufei , Cao Jiguo , Wang Liangliang , Nathoo Farouk S.
Published: March 2021

We develop a Bayesian bivariate spatial model for multivariate regression analysis applicable to studies examining the influence of genetic variation on brain structure. Our model is motivated by an imaging genetics study of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), where the objective is to examine the association between images of volumetric and cortical thickness values summarizing the structure of the brain as measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a set of 486 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) from 33 Alzheimer's disease (AD) candidate genes obtained from 632 subjects. A bivariate spatial process model is developed to accommodate the correlation structures typically seen in structural brain imaging data. First, we allow for spatial correlation on a graph structure in the imaging phenotypes obtained from a neighborhood matrix for measures on the same hemisphere of the brain. Second, we allow for correlation in the same measures obtained from different hemispheres (left/right) of the brain. We develop a mean‐field variational Bayes algorithm and a Gibbs sampling algorithm to fit the model. We also incorporate Bayesian false discovery rate (FDR) procedures to select SNPs. We implement the methodology in a new release of the R package bgsmtr. We show that the new spatial model demonstrates superior performance over a standard model in our application. Data used in the preparation of this article were obtained from the ADNI database (https://adni.loni.usc.edu).
Persistence, performance, and goal setting in massive open online courses
Authors: Li Kun , Johnsen Justin , Canelas Dorian A.
Published: March 2021

Goal setting is an important component in successful teaching and learning, but relatively little is known about its impact on course persistence and achievement in massive open online courses. Using an experimental design and employing a variety of data including student writings, content‐related assignment attempts, and quantitative achievement in the courses, we compared the outcomes of two groups of learners who were given different writing prompts at the beginning of their course. While no overall effects of writing prompt type on the dependent variables were observed, highly statistically significant differences were found when goal writings were more closely examined and compared via qualitative coding. When learners’ written responses to prompts contained either learning or performance goals, those participants both achieved more and engaged in learning longer than participants whose written responses did not fall into either of these categories.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

Goals are related to students’ behaviors and performance.

Performance goals’ influences on learning have inconsistent results, while learning goals are considered beneficial.

What this paper adds

The effects of conscious goal setting in massive open online courses (MOOCs) may be different from traditional learning contexts.

Having either learning and performance goals results in better persistence and performance than not having these goals.

Implications for practice and/or policy

More interventions should be designed to help MOOC learners set and commit to their goals.

Use MOOC learner's learning and performance goals to promote learning and persistence.
Real‐life targeted next‐generation sequencing for lymphoma diagnosis over 1 year from the French Lymphoma Network
Authors: Bommier Côme , Mauduit Claire , Fontaine Juliette , Bourbon Estelle , Sujobert Pierre , Huet Sarah , Baseggio Lucile , Hayette Sandrine , Laurent Camille , Bachy Emmanuel , Ghesquières Hervé , Thieblemont Catherine , Salles Gilles , Traverse‐Glehen Alexandra
Published: March 2021

As the impact of targeted next‐generation sequencing (TNGS) on daily diagnosis has not been evaluated, we performed TNGS (46 genes) on lymphomas of unclear subtype following expert haematopathological review. The potential impact on patient care and modifications of final diagnosis were divided into major and minor changes according to the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) guidelines. Among 229 patients [19 primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL), 48 large B‐cell lymphomas (LBCLs), 89 small BCLs (SBCLs), seven Hodgkin lymphomas (HL), 66 T‐cell lymphomas], the overall concordance rate of histological and TNGS diagnosis was 89·5%. TNGS confirmed the histological diagnosis in 144 cases (62·9%), changed the diagnosis in 24 cases (10·5%) and did not help to clarify diagnosis in 61 cases (26·7%). Modifications to the final diagnosis had a clinical impact on patient care in 8·3% of cases. Diagnostic modifications occurred in all types of lymphoma except in PCNSL and HL; the modification rate was 14·6% in SBCL and 12·5% in LBCL. While comparing informative and uninformative cases, no differences were found in terms of DNA amplification, quality or depth of sequencing and biopsy type. The present study highlights that TNGS may directly contribute to a more accurate diagnosis in difficult‐to‐diagnose lymphomas, thus improving the clinical management in routine practice.
Minimal residual disease level determined by flow cytometry provides reliable risk stratification in adults with T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Wang Huanping , Zhou Yile , Huang Xin , Zhang Yi , Qian Jiejing , Li Jianhu , Li Chenying , Li Xueying , Lou Yinjun , Zhu Qiaoyun , Huang Yujie , Meng Haitao , Yu Wenjuan , Tong Hongyan , Jin Jie , Zhu Hong‐Hu
Published: March 2021

Minimal residual disease (MRD) is an important independent prognostic factor for relapse and survival in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Compared with adult B‐cell ALL, reports of adult T‐cell ALL (T‐ALL) MRD have been scarce and mostly based on molecular methods. We evaluated the prognostic value of multiparameter flow cytometry (FCM)‐based MRD at the end of induction (EOI‐MRD). The present retrospective study included 94 adult patients with T‐ALL. MRD was detected by six‐ to eight‐colour FCM. Patients who were EOI‐MRD positive had a higher cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) (87·6% vs. 38·8%, P = 0·0020), and a lower relapse‐free survival (RFS) (5·4% vs. 61·0%, P = 0·0005) and overall survival (OS) (32·7% vs. 69·7%, P < 0·0001) than those who were EOI‐MRD negative. Moreover, for patients who received allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) at their first remission, EOI‐MRD positivity was predictive of post‐transplant relapse (2‐year CIR: 68·2% vs. 4·0%, P = 0·0003). Multivariate analysis showed that EOI‐MRD was an independent prognostic factor for CIR [hazard ratio (HR) 2·139, P = 0·046], RFS (HR 2·125, P = 0·048) and OS (HR 2·987, P = 0·017). In conclusion, EOI‐MRD based on FCM was an independent prognostic factor for relapse and survival in adult T‐ALL. For patients who underwent HSCT, EOI‐MRD could be used to identify patients with a high risk of relapse after allo‐HSCT.
Spatial relationships between spiders and their host vascular epiphytes within shade trees in a Mexican coffee plantation
Authors: Quijano‐Cuervo Luis G. , Méndez‐Castro Francisco Emmanuel , Rao Dinesh , Escobar Sarria Federico , Negrete‐Yankelevich Simoneta
Published: March 2021

Within tree canopies, vascular epiphytes create habitats for other taxa, and their heterogeneous spatial distribution could affect the distribution of organisms associated with them, such as spiders. This study was performed in shade trees of a rustic coffee plantation located within a Tropical Cloud Forest region of Mexico. We used a spatially explicit approach to examine (1) if the richness and abundance of epiphyte‐dwelling spiders have a positive association with epiphyte abundance within trees and (2) if spiders (richness and abundance) show the same patterns of spatial distribution as the epiphytic habitat. We found that spiders were distributed on gradients of the same type as their host epiphytes. These gradients were a decrease from the center toward the edges of the tree and a decrease from the base of the trunk toward the canopy. Spiders also had aggregation patches with similar dimensions to those exhibited by their host epiphytes. Those spiders' patches were fully explained when their epiphytic habitat was also aggregated within trees. Spatial models suggested that epiphytes and spiders were also spatially structured at scales larger than a tree and smaller than an epiphyte mat. Our findings demonstrate that the spatial distribution of epiphyte‐dwelling spider communities, may partly be explained by the distribution patterns of their host plants. However, other environmental and biotic factors, not associated with epiphyte communities, are likely to be responsible for the remaining spatial patterns of spider distribution.

Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Role of PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors in the treatment of recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yin Gaofei , Guo Wei , Duan Hanyuan , Huang Zhigang
Published: March 2021

Background

The use of immunotherapy to treat recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck has become a popular research topic in recent years, and many clinical trials have been carried out.

Objectives

To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors in the treatment of recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and other databases up to 1 November 2019 for publications reporting the use of PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Revman 5.0 was used for combination analysis, and the overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR) and adverse events were determined.

Results

Five articles were included. Compared with other treatment methods, this meta‐analysis showed that treatment with PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors can significantly improve OS (P < .0001), but there was no significant improvement in PFS or ORR. The risk of anaemia and nausea was significantly reduced by treatment with PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors.

Conclusions and Significance

Treatment with PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors alone can improve the overall survival rate for recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck but there is no obvious advantage in other aspects and adverse events.
Comparison of the multi‐phasic longitudinal displacement of the left and right common carotid artery in healthy humans
Authors: Zhu Yuxiang , Cinthio Magnus , Erlöv Tobias , Bjarnegård Niclas , Ahlgren Åsa Rydén
Published: March 2021

Background

During the cardiac cycle, there is a multi‐phasic bidirectional longitudinal movement (LMov) of the intima‐media complex of large arteries, i.e. along the arteries. On the left side the common carotid artery (CCA) arises directly from the aortic arc, whereas on the right side the CCA originate from the innominate artery.

Aim

The aim of this study was to compare LMov of the left and right CCA of healthy subjects to investigate whether the difference in anatomy is of importance for LMov.

Material and Methods

The CCA’s of 93 healthy subjects were investigated using in‐house developed ultrasound methods.

Results

Although the basic pattern were the same in the majority of subjects, several phases of LMov were significantly larger on the left side (the first retrograde phase, p = 0.0006; the second antegrade, “returning” phase, p < 0.00001; and the rapid retrograde phase of movement at the end of the cardiac cycle, p < 0.000001). In contrast, no significant side‐difference in the amplitude of the first antegrade movement was seen. The maximal (peak‐to‐peak) LMov was significantly larger on the left side (p = 0.002).

Discussion and Conclusion

The side‐differences found in LMov may be related to the difference in anatomy, including possible difference in distance to the heart and especially the presence of an extra bifurcation on the right side. Our data provide an important base for the further study of the relation between LMov and cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis.
Effects of the COVID‐19 lockdown on glycaemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes: the glycalock study
Authors: D'Onofrio Luca , Pieralice Silvia , Maddaloni Ernesto , Mignogna Carmen , Sterpetti Sara , Coraggio Lucia , Luordi Cecilia , Guarisco Gloria , Leto Gaetano , Leonetti Frida , Manfrini Silvia , Buzzetti Raffaella
Published: March 2021

Aim

To assess the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) lockdown on glycaemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Materials and Methods

In this observational, multicentre, retrospective study conducted in the Lazio region, Italy, we compared the differences in the HbA1c levels of 141 subjects with T2D exposed to lockdown with 123 matched controls with T2D who attended the study centres 1 year before. Basal data were collected from 9 December to 9 March and follow‐up data from 3 June to 10 July in 2020 for the lockdown group, and during the same timeframes in 2019 for the control groups. Changes in HbA1c (ΔHbA1c) and body mass index (ΔBMI) during lockdown were compared among patients with different psychological well‐being, as evaluated by tertiles of the Psychological General Well‐Being Index (PGWBS).

Results

No difference in ΔHbA1c was found between the lockdown and control groups (lockdown group −0.1% [−0.5%−0.3%] vs. control group −0.1% [−0.4%−0.2%]; p = .482). Also, no difference was found in ΔBMI (p = .316) or ΔGlucose (p = .538). In the lockdown group, subjects with worse PGWBS showed a worsening of HbA1c (p = .041 for the trend among PGWBS tertiles) and BMI (p = .022).

Conclusions

The COVID‐19 lockdown did not significantly impact glycaemic control in people with T2D. People with poor psychological well‐being may experience a worsening a glycaemic control because of restrictions resulting from lockdown. These findings may aid healthcare providers in diabetes management once the second wave of COVID‐19 has ended.
Use of ADAM‐C and CHA2DS2‐VASc scores to predict complex aortic atheroma after brain ischemia: A prospective observational study
Authors: Nicot Florence , Charbonnel Clément , Jego Christophe , Jourda François , Vinsonneau Ulric , Garçon Philippe , Turlotte Guillaume , Rivière Jean François , Maurin Marion , Lubret Rémy , Meimoun Patrick , Akret Chrystelle , Cournot Maxime , Sokic Charles , Michel Laurent , Lescure Maryse , Kenizou David , Melay Marie , Fayard Maxime , Chauvat Anthony , Fouché Renaud , Cartigny Guillaume , Dijoux Nicolas , Martin Anne Céline , Tho‐Agostini Aurélia , Mann Hubert , Magnin Dominique , Goralski Marc , Pico Fernando , Georges Jean‐Louis , Belle Loïc
Published: March 2021

Background and aims

Complex aortic atheroma (CAA) is a common cause of acute brain ischemia (BI), including ischemic stroke (IS) and transient ischemic attack (TIA), and is associated with recurrence. The CHA2DS2‐VASc score is a useful tool for predicting stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), and can also predict cardiovascular events in other populations, including non‐AF populations. The ADAM‐C score is a new risk score for predicting the diagnostic yield of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) after BI. We aimed to evaluate the ability of CHA2DS2‐VASc and ADAM‐C scores to predict CAA after BI.

Methods

This prospective, multicenter, observational study included 1479 patients aged over 18 years who were hospitalized for BI. CAA was defined as the presence of one or more of the following criteria: thrombus, ulcerated plaque, or plaque thickening ≥ 4 mm.

Results

CAA was diagnosed in 216 patients (14.6%). CHA2DS2‐VASc and ADAM‐C scores were significantly higher in the CAA group versus the non‐CAA group (P < .0001 for both). The CHA2DS2‐VASc and ADAM‐C scores appear to be good predictors of CAA (AUC 0.699 [0.635, 0.761] and 0.759 [0.702, 0.814], respectively). The sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the scores for detecting CAA were 94%, 22%, 17%, and 96%, respectively, for a CHA2DS2‐VASc score < 2, and 90%, 46%, 22%, and 96%, respectively, for an ADAM‐C score < 3

Conclusions

CHA2DS2‐VASc and ADAM‐C scores are able to predict CAA after BI. CHA2DS2‐VASc < 2 and ADAM‐C < 3 both have an interesting NPV of 96%.
Cardiorespiratory fitness is not associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer: A cohort study and review of the literature
Authors: Kunutsor Setor K. , Voutilainen Ari , Laukkanen Jari A.
Published: March 2021

Background

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has a strong inverse relationship with several chronic disease outcomes, including some cancers. The association between CRF and prostate cancer is controversial. We aimed to assess the prospective association of CRF with prostate cancer risk using a cohort study and review of the literature.

Material and methods

Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using a respiratory gas exchange analyser during exercise testing in 2204 cancer‐free middle‐aged men. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (CIs) were estimated. We corrected for within‐person variability in CRF levels using repeat measurements.

Results

During a median follow‐up of 24.9 years, 216 prostate cancer cases occurred. The age‐adjusted regression dilution ratio of CRF was 0.58 (95% CI: 0.53‐0.64). The HR (95% CI) of prostate cancer per 1 standard deviation increase in CRF in age‐adjusted analysis was 1.10 (0.95‐1.27). The association remained consistent after further adjustment for several risk factors (HR 1.13; 95% CI 0.96‐1.33). The corresponding adjusted HRs were 1.24 (95% CI: 0.87‐1.77) and 1.28 (95% CI: 0.87‐1.88), respectively, when comparing the extreme tertiles of CRF levels. Previous studies mostly reported no evidence of an association or an increased risk of prostate cancer in relation to high CRF. Studies reporting positive associations had short‐term follow‐up durations (<10 years).

Conclusions

Primary data and a review of previous studies suggest that elevated CRF is not associated with reduced prostate cancer risk. Previous findings of significant evidence of associations could be attributed to increased screening and detection as well as reverse causation bias.
Molecular classification and prognosis in younger adults with acute myeloid leukemia and intermediate‐risk cytogenetics treated or not by gemtuzumab ozogamycin: Final results of the GOELAMS/FILO acute myeloid leukemia 2006‐intermediate‐risk trial
Authors: Bouvier Anne , Hamel Jean‐François , Delaunay Jacques , Delabesse Eric , Dumas Pierre‐Yves , Ledoux Marie‐Pierre , Peterlin Pierre , Luquet Isabelle , Roth Guepin Gabrielle , Bulabois Claude Eric , Gallego Hernanz Maria Pilar , Guillerm Gaëlle , Guieze Romain , Hicheri Yosr , Simand Célestine , Himberlin Chantal , Hunault‐Berger Mathilde , Bernard Marc , Jourdan Eric , Caillot Denis , Dorvaux Véronique , Tavernier Emmanuelle , Daguindau Etienne , Banos Anne , Ojeda‐Uribe Mario , Gyan Emmanuel , Alexis Magda , Marolleau Jean‐Pierre , Turlure Pascal , Bouscary Didier , Humbrecht Catherine , Zerazhi Hacène , Béné Marie‐Christine , Pigneux Arnaud , Carre Martin , Ifrah Norbert , Blanchet Odile , Vey Norbert , Récher Christian , Cornillet‐Lefèbvre Pascale ,   French Innovative Leukemia Organization
Published: March 2021

In this randomized phase 3 study, the FILO group tested whether the addition of 6 mg/m2 of gemtuzumab ozogamycin (GO) to standard chemotherapy could improve outcome of younger patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and intermediate‐risk cytogenetics. GO arm was prematurely closed after 254 inclusions because of toxicity. A similar complete remission rate was observed in both arms. Neither event‐free survival nor overall survival were improved by GO in younger AML patients (<60 years) ineligible for allogeneic stem‐cell transplantation. (P = .086; P = .149, respectively). Using unsupervised hierarchical clustering based on mutational analysis of seven genes (NPM1, FLT3‐ITD, CEBPA, DNMT3A, IDH1, IDH2, and ASXL1), six clusters of patients with significant different outcome were identified. Five clusters were based on FLT3‐ITD, NPM1, and CEBPA mutations as well as epigenetic modifiers (DNMT3A, IDH1/2, ASXL1), whereas the last cluster, representing 25% of patients, had no mutation and intermediate risk. One cluster isolated FLT3‐ITD mutations with higher allelic ratio and a very poor outcome. The addition of GO had no impact in these molecular clusters. Although not conclusive for GO impact in AML patients <60 years, this study provides a molecular classification that distinguishes six AML clusters influencing prognosis in younger AML patients with intermediate‐risk cytogenetic.
Reply to the commentary by Ben‐Ari and Delpire: Bumetanide and neonatal seizures: Fiction versus reality
Authors: Löscher Wolfgang , Kaila Kai
Published: March 2021

In this response to a commentary by Ben‐Ari and Delpire on our recent study on the pharmacology of neonatal seizures in a novel, physiologically validated rat model of birth asphyxia, we wish to rectify their inaccurate descriptions of our model and data. Furthermore, because Ben‐Ari and Delpire suggest that negative data on bumetanide from preclinical and clinical trials of neonatal seizures have few implications for (alleged) bumetanide actions on neurons in other brain disorders, we will discuss this topic as well. Based on the poor brain penetration of bumetanide, combined with the extremely wide cellular expression patterns of the target protein NKCC1, it is obvious that the numerous actions of systemically applied bumetanide described in the literature are not mediated by the drug's effects on central neurons.
Effect of excess Ge and Te on thermoelectric performance of GeTe
Authors: Dong Yuan , Gao Junling , Zou Ping , Xu Guiying
Published: March 2021

GeTe is a medium‐temperature thermoelectric material with excellent performance. The thermoelectric performance of GeTe is affected by the carrier concentration generated by Ge vacancy. Therefore, it is of important to study the effect of excess Ge or Te on the thermoelectric performance of GeTe. In this paper, GexTey materials (x:y = 1:1.08, 1:1.06, 1:1.04, 1:1, 1.05:1, 1.075:1, and 1.1:1) were fabricated by high‐pressure sintering (HPS) and spark plasma sintering (SPS), respectively, to study the effects of different Ge/Te atomic ratios and preparation process on the thermoelectric properties of polycrystalline GeTe. The composition and microstructure were investigated by an X‐ray diffraction method (XRD) and field‐emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The thermoelectric performance was tested from 303 to 703 K. The measurement results show that the Seebeck coefficient of GexTey increases and the conductivity decreases with the decreasing in Te content or the increasing in Ge content. Ge1Te1 exhibits the highest power factor because its Seebeck coefficient and conductivity are at an average level. Owing to the presence of pure Ge and the decrease of Ge vacancy, the lattice thermal conductivities of samples with excess Ge are higher than that of Ge1Te1. Ge1Te1 sintered by HPS has the highest ZTmax value, reaching 1.37 at 723 K.
Effect of TiN content on properties of NiFe2O4‐based ceramic inert anode for aluminum electrolysis
Authors: Zhang Zhigang , Wang Yukun , Zu Guoyin , Cao Zhuokun , Liu Jinli , Wang Chao
Published: March 2021

NiFe2O4‐based ceramic inert anodes for aluminum electrolysis doped with various TiN nanoparticles were prepared by a two‐step cold‐pressing sintering process to investigate how TiN affected the sintering behavior and properties of the composites. The differential scanning calorimetry‐thermogravimetry (DSC‐TG), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and microstructure analysis results indicated that the Ti and N were evenly distributed in the NiFe2O4 matrix to form a solid solution. The maximum linear shrinkage and linear shrinkage rate were enhanced with the increase of TiN nanoparticles contents, and the sintering activation energy of initial stage was lowered from 382.63 to 279.58 kJ mol−1 with the TiN nanoparticles additive range from 0 to 9 wt%. When the content of TiN nanoparticles was 7 wt%, the relative density, bending strength, and elastic modulus reached their maximum values of 97.24%, 73.88 MPa, and 3.77 GPa, respectively, whereas the minimum static corrosion rate of NiFe2O4‐based ceramic of 0.00114 g cm−2 h−1 was obtained, mainly attributed to the relatively dense and stable microstructure. The electrical conductivity of NiFe2O4‐based ceramics presented a clear ascending trend with increasing TiN nanoparticles content and elevated temperature, attributed to the increased concentration and migration rate of carrier.
Impact of a year‐round school calendar on children's BMI and fitness: Final outcomes from a natural experiment
Authors: Weaver Robert Glenn , Hunt Ethan , Armstrong Bridget , Beets Michael W. , Brazendale Keith , Turner‐McGrievy Gabrielle , Pate Russell R. , Maydeu‐Olivares Alberto , Saelens Brian , Youngstedt Shawn D. , Dugger Roddrick , Parker Hannah , von Klinggraeff Lauren , Jones Alexis , Burkhart Sarah , Ressor‐Oyer Layton
Published: March 2021

Background

Structure may mitigate children's accelerated summer BMI gain and cardiorespiratory‐fitness (CRF) loss.

Objectives

Examine BMI and CRF change during school and summer for year‐round and traditional calendar school children.

Methods

Three schools (N = 2279, 1 year‐round) participated in this natural experiment. Children's BMI z‐score (zBMI) and CRF (PACER laps) were measured from 2017 to 2019 each May/August. Mixed effects regression estimated monthly zBMI and CRF change during school/summer. Secondary analyses examined differences by weight status and race. Spline regression models estimated zBMI and CRF growth from kindergarten‐sixth grade.

Results

Compared to traditional school, children attending a year‐round school gained more zBMI (difference = 0.015; 95CI = 0.002, 0.028) during school, and less zBMI (difference = −0.029; 95CI = −0.041, −0.018), and more CRF (difference = 0.834; 95CI = 0.575, 1.093) monthly during summer. Differences by weight status and race were observed during summer and school. Growth models demonstrated that the magnitude of overall zBMI and CRF change from kindergarten‐sixth grade was similar for year‐round or traditional school children.

Conclusions

Contrary to traditional school children zBMI increased during the traditional 9‐month school calendar and zBMI decreased during the traditional summer vacation for year‐round school children. Structured summer programming may mitigate accelerated summer BMI gain and CRF loss especially for overweight or obese, and/or Black children.
Therapeutic relationships in child and adolescent mental health services: A Delphi study with young people, carers and clinicians
Authors: Ryan Rachael , Berry Katherine , Law Heather , Hartley Samantha
Published: March 2021

Therapeutic relationships have been widely recognized as crucial to good outcomes in psychotherapy. However, there is comparatively little research on what constitutes and impacts therapeutic relationships in the context of child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). Relationships within CAMHS are inherently complex, with multiple relationships taking place between young people, parents or carers and staff members of various disciplines. The Delphi method was used to gain consensus regarding the definition of therapeutic relationships, what helps to build and what hinders the formation of a good relationship in the context of CAMHS. Three expert groups (young people, carers and staff) totalling 88 participants were invited to complete an online Delphi survey across three rounds. Consensus was reached to define the therapeutic relationship as trust, reliability and absence of judgemental attitudes (n = 19 statements). Factors that help build good relationships predominantly referred to staff behaviours of setting up open communication channels, showing acceptance of the young person’s difficulties and being consistent (n = 88 consensus agreement statements). Factors that hindered a good relationship were inconsistencies and lack of clear communication between all groups (n = 18 consensus agreement statements). Effective therapeutic relationships require key behaviours and approaches from clinicians. It is essential that staff members are open and honest in facilitating discussions about parental involvement within the relationship and that staff provide consistent and trusting support to young people and family members. Our findings demonstrate that key stakeholders agree on important aspects and that these could be a catalyst for renewed training and support structures.
A systematic review of the association between nursing staff and nursing‐sensitive outcomes in long‐term institutional care
Authors: Tuinman Astrid , De Greef Mathieu H. G. , Finnema Evelyn J. , Roodbol Petrie F.
Published: March 2021

Aims

To examine the association between type of nursing staff and nursing‐sensitive outcomes in long‐term institutional care.

Design

This systematic review included studies published in English, German, and Dutch between January 1997 and January 2020.

Data sources

The databases Medline (PubMed), CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched. Original quantitative studies were included.

Review methods

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist was used to critically appraise the reporting of the studies.

Results

Fifteen articles were included. Of 33 quality of care outcomes, 21 were identified as nursing‐sensitive outcomes of which 13 showed a significant association with nursing staff, specifically: Activities of daily living, aggressive behavior, bladder/bowel incontinence, contractures, expressive language skills, falls, infection (including vaccination), range of motion, pain, pressure ulcers, and weight loss. However, studies reported inconsistent results regarding the association among RNs, LPNs, CNAs, and HCAs and these nursing‐sensitive outcomes, evidence shows that more RNs have a positive impact on nursing‐sensitive outcomes. As to the evidence regarding the other type of nursing staff, especially HCA, findings regularly showed a negative association.

Conclusion

Future research should be expanded with structure and process variables of which the mediating and moderating effect on nursing‐sensitive outcomes is known. These may explain variances in quality of care and guide quality improvement initiatives. Researchers should consider fully applying Donabedian's structure–process–outcomes framework as it is a coherent entirety for quality assessment.

Impact

This review provides an overview of quality of care outcomes that are responsive to nursing interventions in long‐term institutional care. As the effects can be monitored and documented, quality assessment should focus on these nursing‐sensitive outcomes. The inconclusive results make it difficult to provide recommendations on who should best perform which care.