bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gene expression and immune infiltration analysis comparing lesioned and preserved subchondral bone in osteoarthritis
Authors: Zhang Gang , Qin Jinwei , Xu Wenbo , Liu Meina , Wu Rilige , Qin Yong
Published: May 2024

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease requiring additional research. This study compared gene expression and immune infiltration between lesioned and preserved subchondral bone. The results were validated using multiple tissue datasets and experiments.

Methods

Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the lesioned and preserved tibial plateaus of OA patients were identified in the GSE51588 dataset. Moreover, functional annotation and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were performed on the lesioned and preserved sides to explore potential therapeutic targets in OA subchondral bones. In addition, multiple tissues were used to screen coexpressed genes, and the expression levels of identified candidate DEGs in OA were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Finally, an immune infiltration analysis was conducted.

Results

A total of 1,010 DEGs were identified, 423 upregulated and 587 downregulated. The biological process (BP) terms enriched in the upregulated genes included “skeletal system development”, “sister chromatid cohesion”, and “ossification”. Pathways were enriched in “Wnt signaling pathway” and “proteoglycans in cancer”. The BP terms enriched in the downregulated genes included “inflammatory response”, “xenobiotic metabolic process”, and “positive regulation of inflammatory response”. The enriched pathways included “neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction” and “AMP-activated protein kinase signaling”. JUN, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin-1β were the hub genes in the PPI network. Collagen XI A1 and leucine-rich repeat-containing 15 were screened from multiple datasets and experimentally validated. Immune infiltration analyses showed fewer infiltrating adipocytes and endothelial cells in the lesioned versus preserved samples.

Conclusion

Our findings provide valuable information for future studies on the pathogenic mechanism of OA and potential therapeutic and diagnostic targets.
Examining the Predictive Capacity of School-based Assessment on Students' Mathematics Performance in Large-scale Examinations
Authors: Surman Stacy Hughey , Ezugwu Ifesinachi Jude , Dadzie Justice , Addison Evans
Published: May 2024

This study underscores the importance of school-based assessment (SBA) in predicting students' mathematics performance in the Basic Education Certificate Examination (BECE) in Ghana. The study was conducted using 150 mathematics teachers from public junior high schools in Ghana's Central Region, the research employed a quantitative approach, using surveys to gather data on internal examination scores, SBA practices, teaching experience, and gender. Regression analysis revealed a strong predictive relationship between internal exam scores and BECE performance (R² = 0.663, B = 0.374, SE = 0.006, t = 67.24, p < .000), while ANOVA showed significant variations in SBA practices based on teaching experience (F (3, 146) = 6.99, p < 0.05). However, t-tests indicated no significant gender differences in SBA practices among teachers (t (148) = 1.100, p = 0.273). These findings highlight the critical role of internal assessments and teaching experience in enhancing educational outcomes and suggest that educational policies should support effective SBA practices and professional development for teachers. Based on these findings, it is recommended to enhance formative assessment practices by focusing on continuous and comprehensive internal assessments, provide ongoing professional development for teachers to improve their skills in implementing SBA, and allocate adequate resources for mathematics education to support effective teaching and learning environments.
Climate Dynamics over Kerala, India: Insight from a Century-long Temperature and Rainfall Data Analysis
Authors: Jamaludheen A.  , Kumar Nalini Ranjan , Singh Alka , Praveen K. V.  , Jha Girish Kumar
Published: May 2024

Historical climate data analysis is of great significance in climate change adaptation and mitigation planning at global as well as regional levels. This article attempted to study the long-term trends of temperature and rainfall across the districts in Kerala, India. CRU monthly time series data of rainfall and temperature data spanning from 1901-2022 were used for the analysis. Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s Slop estimator were applied to detect the presence and magnitude of the trend, and Pettitt’s homogeneity test was used to find the climate change point in temperature time series data. The analysis found a significant and positive temperature trend across all districts in Kerala, with temperature increases ranging from 0.0086°C/year to 0.0102°C/year. In terms of rainfall trends, June and January experienced a significant decrease, while July and September saw a significant increase over the years. The year 1976 was identified as the point of climate change. It was observed that there was an increase in the southwest and Northeast monsoons in the post-period, with higher variability in the latter. Winter rainfall notably decreased during the post-period. The variability in climate parameters identified in this study could impact crop cycles and agricultural productivity, requiring further investigation at a micro-level for effective adaptation and mitigation strategies for the state.
Stability of adaptive delta modulators with forgetting factor and constant inputs
Authors: Dandach Sandra H. , Dasgupta Soura , Anderson Brian D. O.
Published: April 2011

Motivated by applications to feedback control over communication networks where the actuation and feedback signals are transmitted over communication channels, we study the stability of Adaptive Delta Modulators (ADM) when the coded signal is a constant. The importance of such a setting arises because a common control task is to track a dc input. It is known that a standard accumulator‐based ADM has the following highly undesirable characteristic: virtually all combinations of the algorithm parameters result in 4‐cycles, and the avoidance of 4‐cycles requires a nongeneric initialization. Further, the steady state oscillations that generically arise in the course of these cycles can have amplitudes that can be arbitrarily close to the initial error. Consequently, we study the use of a forgetting factor in the ADM loop, and provide a detailed stability analysis and design guidelines. Intuitively, adding a forgetting factor to the classical ADM algorithm prevents 4‐periodic cycles from occurring by damping them. In particular, we show that for suitably chosen design parameters, the ADM with forgetting factor can track a constant signal arbitrarily closely under mild assumptions. We provide simulations to demonstrate how much better the modified algorithm performs relative to the original ADM algorithm in a remote control setting. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The JAK2 exon 12 mutations: A comprehensive review
Authors: Scott Linda M.
Published: April 2011

A variety of acquired mutations targeting JAK2 exon 12 are present in those patients with the myeloproliferative neoplasm, polycythemia vera, that lack the more common JAK2V617F mutation. Both mutation types perturb erythropoiesis, with individuals presenting with a raised hematocrit, reduced serum erythropoietin levels, and erythropoietin‐independent erythroid progenitor cells. However, there are also phenotypic differences that, until recently, precluded a significant proportion of patients with a JAK2 exon 12 mutation from receiving an appropriate diagnosis. Here, we review the literature published on the JAK2 exon 12 mutations and compare the biology associated with these mutations with that of JAK2V617F. Am. J. Hematol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A prognostic model for short term adverse events in normotensive patients with pulmonary embolism
Authors: Agterof Mariette J. , Schutgens Roger E.G. , Moumli Noureddine , Eijkemans M.J.C. , van der Griend René , Tromp Ellen A.M. , Biesma Douwe H.
Published: April 2011

Risk stratification of patients with PE has gained interest in terms of the identification of patients in whom treatment on an outpatient base can be considered. Previous studies are of limited value due to their focus on adverse clinical events within several months after diagnosis of PE. We developed a prognostic model, based on easily accessible, clinical, and laboratory parameters, to predict adverse events during the first 10 days after the diagnosis of acute PE. We have analyzed the data of 210 outpatients with confirmed PE. Collected data included medical history, pulse rate, blood pressure, NT‐proBNP, and D‐dimer concentrations. The primary outcome was the occurrence of adverse clinical events in a 10 day follow‐up period. Our final prognostic model to predict short‐term adverse events consists of NT‐proBNP levels, D‐dimer concentrations, pulse rate, and the occurrence of active malignancy; the total score ranges from 0 to 37 points. Patients with a low score (no active malignancy, pulse rate <90 bpm, NT‐proBNP <500 pg/ml, and D‐dimer <3,000 μg/l FEU) have a 10‐day adverse event risk <1.5%. This risk increases to over 30% in patients with a maximum score, based on high pulse rate, D‐dimer concentrations, and NT‐proBNP levels. Our prognostic model, once prospectively validated in an independent sample of patients, can be used in the early risk stratification of PE to estimate the risk of adverse events and to differentiate between candidates for in‐ or out‐ hospital treatment. Am. J. Hematol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nutrition in transition: Dietary patterns of rural Amazonian women during a period of economic change
Authors: Piperata Barbara A. , Ivanova Sofia A. , Da‐gloria Pedro , Gonçalo Veiga  , Polsky Analise , Spence Jennifer E. , Murrieta Rui S. S.
Published: April 2011

Objectives:

The goal of this study was to understand the relationship between economic change (wage labor, retirement, and the Bolsa Família program) and dietary patterns in the rural Amazon and to determine the extent to which these changes followed the pattern of the nutrition transition.

Methods:

The study was longitudinal. The weighed‐inventory method and economic interviews were used to collect data on dietary intake and household economics in a sample of 30 and 52 women in 2002 and 2009, respectively. Twenty of the women participated in both years and make‐up the longitudinal sub‐sample. Comparative statistics were used to identify changes in dietary patterns over time and multiple linear regressions were used to explore the relationship between economics, subsistence strategies, and diet.

Results:

There was a significant decline in kcal (P < 0.01) and carbohydrate (P < 0.01) but no change in protein intake over time in both the larger and smaller, longitudinal subsample. The percent of energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat purchased increased in the larger and longitudinal samples (P ≤ 0.02) and there was an increase in refined carbohydrate and processed, fatty‐meat consumption over time. The abandonment of manioc gardens was associated with increased dependence on purchased food (P = 0.03) while receipt of the Bolsa Família was associated with increased protein intake and adequacy (P = 0.02).

Conclusions:

The dietary changes observed are only in partial agreement with predictions of the nutrition transition literature. The relationship between the economic and diet changes was shaped by the local context which should be considered when implementing CCT programs, like the Bolsa Família. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Physical activity in an indigenous Ecuadorian forager‐horticulturalist population as measured using accelerometry
Authors: Madimenos Felicia C. , Snodgrass J. Josh , Blackwell Aaron D. , Liebert Melissa A. , Sugiyama Lawrence S.
Published: April 2011

Objective:

Minimal information on physical activity is available for non‐Western populations undergoing the transition to a market economy. This is unfortunate given the importance of these data for understanding health issues such as the global obesity epidemic. We consider the utility of using accelerometry technology to examine activity patterns and energy use regulation among indigenous Shuar, an Ecuadorian forager‐horticulturalist population undergoing economic and lifestyle change. We investigate sex differences in Shuar activity patterns and the effects of reproductive status on activity. Finally, we discuss the potential of accelerometry use in human biology research.

Methods:

Physical activity levels were measured using Actical accelerometers in 49 indigenous Shuar adults (23 males, 26 females) from a rural Ecuadorian community. Female participants were in various reproductive states including pregnant, lactating, and nonpregnant/nonlactating.

Results:

Activity counts (AC), activity energy expenditure (AEE), and physical activity levels (PAL) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in males than females. Significant differences in energy expenditure were found among pregnant or lactating females and males with pregnant or lactating partners (P < 0.001). Males with pregnant or lactating partners also had significantly higher activity levels than did other men (P < 0.01).

Conclusions:

Shuar activity levels are relatively low compared to other non‐Western populations. Despite increasing market integration, pregnant and lactating females seem to be adopting a strategy noted in other subsistence populations where male participation in subsistence activities increases to compensate for their partners' elevated reproductive costs. Despite certain limitations, use of accelerometry in human biology research shows promise. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lowland origin women raised at high altitude are not protected against lower uteroplacental O2 delivery during pregnancy or reduced birth weight
Authors: Julian Colleen G. , Hageman Jennifer L. , Wilson Megan J. , Vargas Enrique , Moore Lorna G.
Published: April 2011

Objective.

Maternal physiologic responses to pregnancy promoting fetal oxygen and nutrient delivery are important determinants of reproductive success. Incomplete physiologic compensation for reduced oxygen availability at high altitude (≥2,500 m) compromises fetal growth. Populations of highland (e.g., Andeans, Tibetans) compared with lowland origin groups (e.g., Europeans, Han Chinese) are protected from this altitude‐associated decrease in birth weight; here we sought to determine whether maternal development at high altitude—rather than highland ancestry—contributed to the protection of birth weight and uterine artery (UA) blood flow during pregnancy.

Methods.

In women of lowland ancestry who were either raised at high altitude in La Paz, Bolivia (3,600–4,100 m) (“lifelong,” n = 18) or who had migrated there as adults (“newcomers,” n = 40) we compared maternal O2 transport during pregnancy and their infant's birth weight.

Results.

Pregnancy raised maternal ventilation and arterial O2 saturation equally, with the result that arterial O2 content was similarly maintained at nonpregnant levels despite a fall in hemoglobin. UA blood flow and uteroplacental O2 delivery were lower in lifelong than newcomer residents (main effect). Birth weight was similar in lifelong residents versus newcomers (2,948 ± 93 vs. 3,090 ± 70 gm), with both having values below those of a subset of eight high‐altitude residents who descended to deliver at low altitude (3,418 ± 133 gm, P < 0.05).

Conclusion.

Lifelong compared with newcomer high‐altitude residents have lower uteroplacental O2 delivery and similar infant birth weights, suggesting that developmental factors are likely not responsible for the protective effect of highland ancestry. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Making and Breaking Peptide Bonds: Protein Engineering Using Sortase
Authors: Popp Maximilian Wei‐Lin , Ploegh Hidde L.
Published: April 2011

Sortases are a class of bacterial enzymes that possess transpeptidase activity. It is their ability to site‐specifically break a peptide bond and then reform a new bond with an incoming nucleophile that makes sortase an attractive tool for protein engineering. This technique has been adopted for a range of applications, from chemistry‐based to cell biology and technology. In this Minireview we provide a brief overview of the biology of sortase enzymes and current applications in protein engineering. We identify areas that lend themselves to further innovation and that suggest new applications.
Imidazole‐coordinated monodentate NHC–Pd(II) complex derived from proline and its application to the coupling reaction of arylboronic acids with carboxylic acid anhydrides in water at room temperature
Authors: Shen Xiao‐Bao , Gao Ting‐Ting , Lu Jian‐Mei , Shao Li‐Xiong
Published: April 2011

Cleavage of a CN bond of imidazolium salt derived from N‐phenyl‐substituted proline was observed in this laboratory. A novel imidazole‐coordinated monodentate NHC–Pd(II) complex 5 was obtained as the sole product in good yield in the reaction of imidazolium salt 4 with Pd(OAc)2 in refluxing THF. The structure of complex 5 was determined unambiguously by an X‐ray diffraction. The complex was found to be a good catalyst in the cross‐coupling reaction of arylboronic acids with carboxylic acid anhydrides in water at room temperature. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling analysis of chain transfer in reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization
Authors: Gao Xiang , Zhu Shiping
Published: April 2011

The validity of simplifying the reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization as a degenerative chain transfer process was verified in this work. The simplified chain transfer mechanism enabled the direct modeling investigation of chain transfer coefficient in the RAFT polymerization. It also gave the analytical expressions for concentration, chain length, and polydispersity of various chain species. The comparison between the simulations based on chain transfer mechanism and those from general RAFT mechanism showed that this simplified mechanism can accurately predict RAFT polymerization in the absence of side reactions to adduct radicals other than fragmentation. However, significant errors are introduced at high conversion when side reactions to adduct are present. The chain transfer coefficient of RAFT agent is the key factor in RAFT polymerization. The polydispersity is more sensitive to chain transfer coefficient at low conversion. At high conversion, however, the polydispersity is mainly determined by termination, which can be controlled by RAFT agent concentration and the selection of initiator. At last, an analytical equation is derived to directly estimate chain transfer coefficient of RAFT agent from the experimental data. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Modeling evidence in support of coagulative nucleation theory
Authors: Sood Ashwini , Lodhi Pankaj Kumar
Published: April 2011

An extensive lumped model was developed for emulsion polymerization. It incorporated all of the complex processes: aqueous‐phase radical balances for all radical species arising from initiator decomposition and from exit; determination of radical number inside the particles by balance among rates of radical entry into, exit from, and termination inside the particles; determination of the monomer concentration inside the particles and in the aqueous phase by a thermodynamic equation; and particle formation by micellar, homogeneous, and coagulative nucleation. Model validation was done for the system with styrene (monomer), potassium persulfate (initiator), and sodium dodeceyl sulfate (emulsifier) and for the variables, which included the duration of nucleation, conversion at the end of nucleation, and total number of particles formed. The validation process revealed that coagulation during nucleation needed to be included in the model, even for emulsifier concentrations above the critical micelle concentration. The model predictions were in good quantitative agreement with the experimental data. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto cellulosic biofibers
Authors: Thakur Vijay Kumar , Singha Amar Singh , Misra Bhupendra Nath
Published: April 2011

In this article, we have used the potassium persulfate to initiate the graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto cellulosic biofibers in aqueous medium. Different reaction parameters, such as reaction time, initiator molar ratio, monomer concentration, amount of solvent, and reaction temperature, were optimized to get the maximum percentage of grafting (50.93%). The graft copolymers thus formed were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric, differential thermal analysis, and derivative thermogravimetric techniques. A mechanism is proposed to explain the generation of radicals and the initiation of graft copolymerization reactions. On grafting, percentage crystallinity decreases with reduction in its stiffness and hardness. The effect of grafting percentage on the physicochemical properties of raw as well as grafted fibers has also been investigated. The graft copolymers have been found to be more moisture resistant and also showed better chemical and thermal resistance. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Crystallization behavior of polyamide 11/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites
Authors: Yang Zhe , Huang Shu , Liu Tianxi
Published: April 2011

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate the isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of polyamide11 (PA11)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNTs) composites. The Avrami equation was used for describing the isothermal crystallization behavior of neat PA11 and its nanocomposites. For nonisothermal studies, the Avrami model, the Ozawa model, and the method combining the Avrami and Ozawa theories were employed. It was found that the Avrami exponent n decreased with the addition of MWNTs during the isothermal crystallization, indicating that the MWNTs accelerated the crystallization process as nucleating agent. The kinetic analysis of nonisothermal crystallization process showed that the presence of carbon nanotubes hindered the mobility of polymer chain segments and dominated the nonisothermal crystallization process. The MWNTs played two competing roles on the crystallization of PA11 nanocomposites: on the one hand, the MWNTs serve as heterogeneous nucleating agent promoting the crystallization process of PA11; on the other hand, the MWNTs hinder the mobility of the polymer chains thus retarding the crystal growth process of PA11. The activation energies of PA11/MWNTs composites for the isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization are lower than neat PA11. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Modeling the delamination process during shear premixing of nanoclay/thermoset polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Ngo T.‐D. , Wood‐Adams P. M. , Hoa S. V. , Ton‐That M.‐T.
Published: April 2011

As shear premixing is an important process for the dispersion of nanoclays in polymeric resins, this article studies the effect of temperature, duration, speed of premixing, and also the interlamellar spacing of clay platelets on the dispersion of organoclay in epoxy by using a high speed premixing technique which can generate high shear. The quality of dispersion and intercalation/exfoliation of organoclay in epoxy after premixing (before adding hardener) was analyzed by means of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and rheological measurement. The dispersion and intercalation/exfoliation of organoclay in the epoxy nanocomposites (ENCs) after curing were characterized by TEM. The results illustrate that the intercalation/exfoliation of organoclay in epoxy at the premixing step is very much depending on the premixing parameters. This article also presents a model which takes into account the parameters such as the interlamellar spacing of clay platelets, the viscosity of the epoxy‐clay mixtures, and the velocity of the mixer to explain their effect on the dispersion of clay in epoxy resin. The study focuses on the flow of epoxy clay in the high shear mixer to describe a model for predicting the processing conditions necessary for achieving delamination of the clay layers. Experimental results on the dispersion of clay are also provided to validate the model. The model provides a guide for the premixing parameters necessary to separate the clay layers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Oxidative degradations of oxodegradable LDPE enhanced with thermoplastic pea starch: Thermo‐mechanical properties, morphology, and UV‐ageing studies
Authors: Raquez Jean‐Marie , Bourgeois Audrey , Jacobs Heidi , Degée Philippe , Alexandre Michael , Dubois Philippe
Published: April 2011

The abiotic UV‐degradation behavior of oxodegradable LDPE was investigated in the presence of thermoplastic pea starch (TPPS) in this study. Oxodegradable LDPE was first melt‐blended with thermoplastic pea starch (TPPS) using an internal mixing chamber to enhance the abiotic oxidative degradation of oxodegradable LDPE. Because of their different affinity, maleated polyethylene was added as compatibilizer. Tensile properties, thermal properties, and morphology of resulting melt‐blends were determined at different content in TPPS. High content in TPPS (40 wt %) could be readily added to oxodegradable LDPE without affecting the tensile properties of resulting melt‐blends. UV‐ageing studies on compatibilized TPPS/oxodegradable LDPE melt‐blends were carried out by Attenuated Total Reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), Dynamic Thermomechanical Analyses (DMTA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) under abiotic conditions. These results suggested a synergistic effect on the UV‐ageing of TPPS‐based melt‐blends provided by both components during the first stage of UV‐irradiation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Broken barriers: Human‐induced changes to gene flow and introgression in animals
Authors: Crispo Erika , Moore Jean‐Sébastien , Lee‐Yaw Julie A. , Gray Suzanne M. , Haller Benjamin C.
Published: April 2011

We identify two processes by which humans increase genetic exchange among groups of individuals: by affecting the distribution of groups and dispersal patterns across a landscape, and by affecting interbreeding among sympatric or parapatric groups. Each of these processes might then have two different effects on biodiversity: changes in the number of taxa through merging or splitting of groups, and the extinction/extirpation of taxa through effects on fitness. We review the various ways in which humans are affecting genetic exchange, and highlight the difficulties in predicting the impacts on biodiversity. Gene flow and hybridization are crucially important evolutionary forces influencing biodiversity. Humans alter natural patterns of genetic exchange in myriad ways, and these anthropogenic effects are likely to influence the genetic integrity of populations and species. We argue that taking a gene‐centric view towards conservation will help resolve issues pertaining to conservation and management.

Editor's suggested further reading in BioEssays A systemic view of biodiversity and its conservation: Processes, interrelationships, and human culture Abstract
Impact of single-port cholecystectomy on postoperative pain
Authors: Asakuma M , Hayashi M , Komeda K , Shimizu T , Hirokawa F , Miyamoto Y , Okuda J , Tanigawa N
Published: April 2011

Background

This study compared postoperative pain following four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and single-port cholecystectomy (SPC).

Method

This prospective, quasi-randomized, single-centre trial focusing on postoperative pain included 49 patients undergoing elective surgery with either a conventional LC, or SPC using a surgical glove port. Postoperative pain was evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and postoperative analgesic use as primary outcome measures. Total duration of operation, length of hospital stay, blood test results on the day after surgery and total port cost were secondary outcome measures.

Results

Twenty-five LCs and 24 SPCs were undertaken. The VAS score on day 1 after surgery was significantly less in the SPC group than in the LC group: median (range) 24 (12–38) versus 45 (33–57) mm (P = 0·002). Significantly fewer patients in the SPC group required analgesia (9 of 24 versus 19 of 25 in the LC group; P = 0·007). There were no significant differences in total duration of operation, length of hospital stay, and blood test results on the day after surgery.

Conclusion

Single-port surgery using a surgical glove port reduces postoperative pain compared with conventional LC. Registration number: UMIN000002539 (http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm).
Environmental Policies and Firm Value
Authors: Al‐Najjar Basil , Anfimiadou Aspioni
Published: April 2011

Many organizations are currently becoming more environmentally friendly. Eco‐efficiency maximizes the effectiveness of a business operation while reducing its impact on the environment; with the necessary skills, organizations can create more value while using less input. Prior empirical studies have suggested that firms engaging in eco‐efficient activities are better valued than those without such activities. Therefore, this will enhance business efficiency and excellence. This study investigates the link between eco‐efficiency, as environmental policy, and firm value in the United Kingdom (UK) for the period 1999 to 2008. We generate new insights into environmental–financial performance by using different definitions of the term ‘eco‐efficiency’. In the UK context our results support that eco‐efficient firms have higher market values than those lacking environmental strategies. Hence, we recommend that firms become involved in environmental polices since the adoption of these polices will have a positive impact on firm value. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Integrating Suppliers into Green Product Innovation Development: an Empirical Case Study in the Semiconductor Industry
Authors: Lee Ki‐Hoon , Kim Ji‐Whan
Published: April 2011

Green innovation has been recognized as one of the key factors to achieve environmental and economic success in markets. Understanding green product innovation development as a result of suppliers' involvement has become a strategic priority for academics and practitioners. This paper aims to explore and understand the role of suppliers in enhancing the manufacturer's ability to successfully carry out green innovation in product development. As a research methodology, a case study approach is employed. Primary data were collected through site visits and extensive interviews with corporate and plant management in Korea. Based on the Korean study, the paper presents following outcomes. First, there is a strong linkage between environmental compliance and green new product developments. Second, there is a strategically close relationship of environmental collaboration between suppliers and the buying company through technological integration. Finally, involving key suppliers in green new product development for environmentally demanding customers and markets can bring both environmental and commercial success. This research provides new insights on supplier involvement and green product innovation development in supply chain management. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Morphogenesis of the human palma arch using three‐dimensional geometric modeling
Authors: Durand Sebastien , Marin Frederic , Oberlin Christophe , Ho Ba Tho Marie‐Christine
Published: April 2011

The hand goes through complex morphological modifications during embryogenesis. The goal of this study was to use geometric modeling to study the morphometric modifications of the palmar arch. Five embryos were used for the study (sizes: 15, 17, 23, 30, and 44 mm). After digitalization of histologic sections (Sony DXC‐930P 3CCD camera, Leica Qwin) and segmentation of the metacarpal cartilaginous matrices (Winsurf 4.3 software), geometric modeling and calculations were performed using MSC.Patran 2005r2 software. Correlations (r > 0.99) were found between embryo size and metacarpal volume, metacarpal surface, and the surface of the modeled palmar arch. The growth of the palmar arch is nonhomothetic. Significant reduction (P = 0.05) in the divergence of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals was observed. Deepening of the palmar arch is correlated with embryo size and age (r > 0.99). Geometric modeling allows 3D rendering of histologic sections and thus quantitative description of the morphogenesis. The results of this study support the hypothesis that opposition of the thumb in correlation with deepening of the palmar arch appears early in embryological development. It constitutes a specific morphological characteristic that appears very early in the human phylum. The fact that the human thumb is naturally in opposition in the resting position is a consequence of this morphogenesis. The thumb's resting position has received little attention in clinical settings and should be considered as the reference position for biomechanical analysis of the thumb column. Clin. Anat. 24:874–879, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synostosis of the joint between the body and greater cornu of the human hyoid bone
Authors: Kanetaka Hiroyasu , Shimizu Yoshinaka , Kano Mitsuhiro , Kikuchi Masayoshi
Published: April 2011

The structure of the joint between the body and the greater cornu in the human hyoid bone was examined histologically in 259 cadavers (16–98 years). Joints were classified into three grades based on histological observations. Grade I showed fibrocartilage without degenerative change in the marginal region of the joint. Grade II showed prominent calcification or ossification on the outer margin of the joint without fusion. Grade III showed bony fusion. Histological changes with age were revealed by a comparison of the prevalences of these three grades among individuals of three age groups: young adult (16–39 years), middle aged (40–69 years), and elderly (70+ years). The frequency of hyoid bones with diarthrodial structure of this joint was compared between the age groups. The mean age of subjects with each grade of histological changes was calculated. Results show that, with age, the proportion of Grade I decreased significantly (P < 0.05) and that of Grade III increased significantly. Joints with diarthrodial structure decreased significantly with age relative to all subjects (P < 0.05). Clefts with necrotic tissue were observed in cartilage along with progressive calcification. The mean age of subjects with the histological changes was significantly higher than that of individuals without such changes (P < 0.05). Calcification and ossification of joints were induced with age from fibrous tissue and cartilage on the outer margin of a joint. The authors suggest that the age changes in the joint between the body and greater cornu of the hyoid bone may affect the mobility of this joint and may be related to masticatory and swallowing functions. Clin. Anat. 24:837–842, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Swelling around a child's knee
Authors: Osman Mohamed K. , Irwin Greg J. , Huntley James S.
Published: April 2011

Swellings around the paediatric knee have a large differential diagnosis, although the majority can be diagnosed clinically. Some swellings merit further investigation by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Clin. Anat. 24:914–917, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dissecting the accessory soleus muscle: A literature review, cadaveric study, and imaging study
Authors: Hatzantonis Catherine , Agur Anne , Naraghi Ali , Gautier Shelley , McKee Nancy
Published: April 2011

The accessory soleus muscle (ASM) has been an unusual anatomical variant since its first recordings in Guy's Hospital Reports of the early nineteenth century. Individuals with an ASM may present with symptoms of pain and/or swelling and were often misdiagnosed as soft‐tissue tumors such as hemangioma, sarcoma, or lipoma. The aim of our study was threefold: (1) to review the cadaveric and clinical literature to determine the reported prevalence of ASM; (2) to conduct a cadaveric study investigating the prevalence and attachment sites of the ASM; (3) to conduct a retrospective analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients presenting with ankle symptoms to determine prevalence and attachment sites of the ASM. Our findings demonstrated that the prevalence of the muscle (3%) was as stated in the literature (0.7–5.5%), but with males more likely to possess unilateral ASM and females more likely to possess bilateral ASM. Three common attachment types were reported in the literature: (i) a distal attachment to the medial aspect of the calcaneus by a separate tendon (26.1% of ASM subjects), (ii) a distal tendinous attachment to the calcaneal tendon (3.5%), and (iii) a distal fleshy attachment to the medial surface of the calcaneus (4.3%), with the remaining 66.1% of ASM subjects from previous studies with unidentified attachment types. Our cadaveric specimens were found to possess each attachment type, whereas imaging patients all possessed distal attachments to the medial calcaneus via a separate tendon. Furthermore, a rare cadaveric specimen with two distal attachments was also found. We believe it is important to recognize the prevalence of this condition and be aware of its morphology in order to understand its clinical presentation, accurately diagnose the condition, and pursue effective forms of management. Clin. Anat. 24:903–910, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vesicular Genital Lesions in a Toddler − Is it Sexual Abuse?
Authors: Bajaj Monika
Published: April 2011

‘Common childhood illnesses can present with findings suggestive of sexual abuse’

Key Practitioner Messages

Common childhood illnesses should always be considered/ruled out in all cases of suspected abuse.

When faced with clinical presentations commonly found in cases of child abuse, all doctors should keep an open mind and formulate a differential diagnosis with abuse being one of the possibilities.

When requesting an opinion from paediatricians, it is the duty of the referring clinician to be open with parents and inform them that abuse is one of the differential diagnoses.
Functionalization of Mesoporous Carbon with Superbasic MgO Nanoparticles for the Efficient Synthesis of Sulfinamides
Authors: Chakravarti Rajashree , Mano Ajayan , Iwai Hideo , Aldeyab Salem S. , Kumar R. Pradeep , Kantam M. Lakshmi , Vinu Ajayan
Published: April 2011

Highly basic MgO nanoparticles with different sizes have been successfully immobilized over mesoporous carbon with different pore diameters by a simple wet‐impregnation method. The prepared catalysts have been characterized by various sophisticated techniques, such as XRD, nitrogen adsorption, electron energy loss spectroscopy, high‐resolution TEM, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the temperature‐programmed desorption of CO2. XRD results reveal that the mesostructure of the support is retained even after the huge loading of MgO nanoparticles inside the mesochannels of the support. It is also demonstrated that the particle size and dispersion of the MgO nanoparticles on the support can be finely controlled by the simple adjustment of the textural parameters of the supports. Among the support materials studied, mesoporous carbon with the largest pore diameter and large pore volume offered highly crystalline small‐size cubic‐phase MgO nanoparticles with a high dispersion. The basicity of the MgO‐supported mesoporous carbons can also be controlled by simply changing the loading of the MgO and the pore diameter of the support. These materials have been employed as heterogeneous catalysts for the first time in the selective synthesis of sulfinamides. Among the catalysts investigated, the support with the large pore diameter and high loading of MgO showed the highest activity with an excellent yield of sulfinamides. The catalyst also showed much higher activity than the pristine MgO nanoparticles. The effects of the reaction parameters, including the solvents and reaction temperature, and textural parameters of the supports in the activity of the catalyst have also been demonstrated. Most importantly, the catalyst was found to be highly stable, showing excellent activity even after the third cycle of reaction.
High‐Throughput and Time‐Resolved Energy‐Dispersive X‐Ray Diffraction (EDXRD) Study of the Formation of CAU‐1‐(OH)2: Microwave and Conventional Heating
Authors: Ahnfeldt Tim , Moellmer Jens , Guillerm Vincent , Staudt Reiner , Serre Christian , Stock Norbert
Published: April 2011

Aluminium dihydroxyterephthalate [Al8(OH)4(OCH3)8(BDC(OH)2)6]⋅x H2O (denoted CAU‐1‐(OH)2) was synthesized under solvothermal conditions and characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction, IR spectroscopy, sorption measurements, as well as thermogravimetric and elemental analysis. CAU‐1‐(OH)2 is isoreticular to CAU‐1 and its pores are lined with OH groups. It is stable under ambient conditions and in water, and it exhibits permanent porosity and two types of cavities with effective diameters of approximately 1 and 0.45 nm. The crystallization of CAU‐1‐(OH)2 was studied by in situ energy‐dispersive X‐ray diffraction (EDXRD) experiments in the 120–145 °C temperature range. Two heating methods—conventional and microwave—were investigated. The latter leads to shorter induction periods as well as shorter reaction times. Whereas CAU‐1‐(OH)2 is formed at all investigated temperatures using conventional heating, it is only observed below 130 °C using microwave heating. The calculation of the activation energy of the crystallization of CAU‐1‐(OH)2 exhibits similar values for microwave and conventional synthesis.
Molecular Implementation of Sequential and Reversible Logic Through Photochromic Energy Transfer Switching
Authors: Remón Patricia , Hammarson Martin , Li Shiming , Kahnt Axel , Pischel Uwe , Andréasson Joakim
Published: April 2011

Photochromic spiropyrans modified with fluorophores were investigated as molecular platforms for the achievement of fluorescence switching through modulation of energy transfer. The dyads were designed in such a way that energy transfer is only observed for the open forms of the photochrome (merocyanine and protonated merocyanine), whereas the closed spiropyran is inactive as an energy acceptor. This was made possible through a deliberate choice of fluorophores (4‐amino‐1,8‐naphthalimide, dansyl, and perylene) that produce zero spectral overlap with the spiro form and considerable overlap for the merocyanine forms. From the Förster theory, energy transfer is predicted to be highly efficient and in some cases of 100 % efficiency. The combined switching by photonic (light of λ>530 nm) and chemical (base) inputs enabled the creation of a sequential logic device, which is the basic element of a keypad lock. Furthermore, in combination with an anthracene‐based acidochromic fluorescence switch, a reversible logic device was designed. This enables the unambiguous coding of different input combinations through multicolour fluorescence signalling. All devices can be conveniently reset to their initial states and repeatedly cycled.
Enantioselective Intramolecular Crossed Rauhut–Currier Reactions through Cooperative Nucleophilic Activation and Hydrogen‐Bonding Catalysis: Scope and Mechanistic Insight
Authors: Wang Xu‐Fan , Peng Liang , An Jing , Li Chao , Yang Qing‐Qing , Lu Liang‐Qiu , Gu Feng‐Long , Xiao Wen‐Jing
Published: April 2011

A highly efficient and enantioselective intramolecular crossed Rauhut–Currier (RC) reaction of nitroolefins with tethered enonates has been developed through cooperative nucleophilic activation and a hydrogen‐bonding catalytic strategy (≤98 % ee and 98 % yield). The reaction features simple experimental procedures and is completely chemoselective and atom‐economic in character. The potential synthetic applications have been demonstrated by the conversion of the RC reaction products into biologically and pharmaceutically valuable compounds with highly diastereoselectivity. In addition, computational investigations were employed to support the proposed mechanism and to obtain a good understanding of the origin of the stereoselectivity in RC reactions.
Modifying Clopidogrel Maintenance Doses According to Vasodilator‐Stimulated Phosphoprotein Phosphorylation Index Improves Clinical Outcome in Patients With Clopidogrel Resistance
Authors: Wang Xiao‐dong , Zhang Dai‐fu , Zhuang Shao‐wei , Lai Yan
Published: April 2011

Background:

Despite dual antiplatelet therapy, the rate of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains high. Ex vivo tests of clopidogrel resistance can predict MACE after PCI. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical impact of adjusting phosphorylation analysis in patients with clopidogrel resistance undergoing PCI.

Hypothesis:

We hypothesized that VASP‐guided clopidogrel maintenance doses, compared to fixed doses, improved clinical outcome.

Methods:

This monocentric, prospective, randomized study was performed on 306 patients undergoing PCI. Patients were randomized to a control group (n = 156) and to a vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP)‐guided group (n = 150). In the VASP‐guided group, patients received adjusted maintenance doses of clopidogrel to obtain platelet reactivity index (PRI) of <50% during 1 year after PCI. The primary endpoint was the rate of MACE. The secondary endpoints were major and minor bleeding.

Results:

All patients completed the PCI procedure and 298 patients completed follow‐up. The control and VASP‐guided groups had similar demographic, clinical, and angiographic characteristics. In the VASP‐guided group, PRI was significantly decreased (from 72.1% ± 11.4% to 27.7% ± 8.4%; P = 0.001) in 128 patients (87.1% of all participants). During the 1‐year follow‐up, 14 MACEs were recorded in the VASP‐guided group and 30 MACEs were recorded in the control group (9.3% vs 20.4%, respectively; P = 0.008). There was no difference in the rate of major and minor bleeding in the VASP‐guided group compared with the control group (12.9% vs 16.6%; P = 0.06).

Conclusions:

Modifying clopidogrel maintenance doses according to platelet reactivity monitoring decreases the rate of MACE after PCI without increasing bleeding in patients with clopidogrel resistance during 1‐year follow‐up. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

This project was sponsored by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (No. SK08‐6). The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.