bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lymphatic Network in Cancer and Some Chemical Observations
Authors: Coricovac Dorina , Ples Horia , Pinzaru Iulia , Ionescu Daniela
Published: February 2020

The lymphatic system, also known as the forgotten circulation has become a topic of high interest in the last years since it was described as a key player in cancer development and metastasis. The aim of the present study was to offer a survey of the literature concerning the anatomy of the lymphatic system in normal conditions, in health, versus the changes undergone in tumors microenvironment. In addition, were discussed the transformations suffered by the lymphatic system molecular markers that form the molecular signature of this system in health and in disease.
Ficus carica SSP Dottato Buds by Intercropping Different Species: Metabolites, Antioxidant Activity and Endogenous Plant Hormones (IAA, ABA)
Authors: Toma Claudia Crina , Casacchia Teresa , D`ippolito Claudia , Statti Giancarlo
Published: February 2020

Ficus carica is one of the most common tree crops in the Mediterranean basin. Its ethnobotanic use has been extensively studied to evaluate its biological activity in relation to the presence of specific secondary metabolites. In this paper, the extract of the gemstones of the ficus carica ssp dottato di Cosenza was studied with respect to different vegetation habitats (intercrops) and two different extraction techniques. Buds, in fact, are used in gemotherapy as macerated glycerides obtained by long extraction processes (21 Days).The use of a Dynamic extractor (Naviglio� Extractor) has allowed not only to reduce the extraction time (10 h) but to obtain a qualitatively and quantitatively enriched extract withactive ingredients to which the specific biological activity is reported. In fact, the total polyphenolic and total flavonoid components were determined, of which Quercetin-3O-Glucoside and 3-O-Rhamnoside were dosed, and the resulting anti-oxidant activity. IAA and ABA have also been quantified.
The Use of Exoglycosidases for the Assay of Two New Enzymatic Substrates, b-D-xylopyranosyl-4-nitrocatechol-1-yl and a-lactosyl-4-nitrocatechol-1-yl
Authors: Iga Dumitru Petru , Popescu Dumitru , Duica Florentina
Published: February 2020

Glycosylation acceptor, 4-nitrocatechol, has been prepared via 4-nitrocatechol sulfate (2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl sulfate). The two carbohydrates, D-xylose and lactose, were peracetylated and then served as glycosylation donors in a modified Helferich glycosylation method, by using BF3� OBu2 as a promotor. The new synthesized glycosides were crystallized from ethanol and then submitted to Z�mplen saponification and separated by preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC). We have isolated two xylosides. Reaction mixture of lactoside proved to be unitary, a single product could be isolated. Small portions of the synthetic glycosides were re-acetylated and their 1H and 13C NMR spectra registered. The two separated xylosides were b- and a-xylopyranoside-4-nitrocatechol-1-yl. Being submitted to the action of an enzymatic extract from digestive tract of snail (Helix pomatia) only the b-anomer was susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis. The isolated lactoside proved to be the a-isomer. Under the action of an enzymatic extract from wheat (Triticum aestivum) germs, it was sequencially cleaved, as indicated by a kinetic TLC analysis.
The Influence of the New National Clean Air Law on the PM2.5 Air Pollution in the Campus of the UMPh Tirgu Mures During the Implementation of the Smoke-free University Project
Authors: Nagy Eniko Nemes , Zoltan Preg , Imre Laszlo Mihaly , Voidazan Septimiu , Fazakas Zita , Marta German Sallo , Zoltan Abram , Peter Balazs , Foley Kristie , Istvan Kikeli Pal
Published: February 2020

Measurement of PM2.5 concentration is a widely used marker of air pollution, including exposure to secondhand smoke. The tobacco smoking ban in March 2016 prohibited smoking in all confined public places in Romania, which should lower the exposure to PM2.5 if well-implemented and enforced. Our research team started in 2014 a unique program in Romania to implement a smoke-free medical university project. The aim of this study was monitoring the air quality based on PM2.5 measurements prior and after the ban. PM2.5 air pollution was measured prior to and after the ban in five buildings of the campus of University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Tirgu Mures: the main educational building and four student dormitories. Measurement was obtained using the Aerosol Monitor Side Pak AM 510. We observed significantly improved air quality (p[0.0001) in each building, with the most radical changes recorded in two student dormitories: from very unhealthy levels of exposure prior to the ban (exceeding 170-185 �g/m�) to the unhealthy for sensitive groups (40 �g/m�) and moderate air pollution (under 20 �g/m�) after the ban. In the main educational building the PM2.5 concentration decreased from moderate pollution to very close to the threshold of good air quality. The decrease in air pollution of our university campus is likely due to the new legislation banning indoor smoking and the result of our smoke-free university project. However, despite improvements, PM2.5was not eliminated and needs continued efforts to enforce the ban particularly in student dormitories.
Risks Associated of the Waters from Hydric Systems Urban`s. The case of the rio Barigui, south of Brazil
Authors: Da Silva Paulo Roberto Bairros , Makara Cleyton Nascimento , Munaro Ana Paula , Schnitzler Danielle Caroline , Diaconu Daniel Constantin , Sandu Ion , Poleto Cristiano
Published: February 2020

The quantification of a chemical species isolated in natural waters does not allow the characterization of it as an environmental stressor. Therefore, it is necessary to associate different lines of research that allows the evaluation of risk on the water system. In this perspective, this study carries out approaches based on distinct research lines, allowing physical and chemical quantification in situ, determination of nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll-a, total alkalinity and metallic species (Cu, Ni, Fe, Cr, Zn and Pb). In addition, the dissolved organic matter was evaluated by means of spectrophotometric techniques and testing of acute toxicity with the organism Artemia sp. and Daphnia magna in water samples from the Barig�i River, southern Brazil. The results point to the existence of degradation processes and the input of organic matter that are affecting the dynamics of the species, influencing their chemical availability and toxicity in the water system.
Research Regarding the Analysis of the Samples Used for Prosthetics and Medical Instruments Obtained by Sintering
Authors: Rontescu Corneliu , Cicic Dumitru Titi , Bogatu Ana Maria , Amza Catalin Gheorghe , Chivu Oana Roxana
Published: February 2020

The present paper presents the results of the analysis made on samples obtained by additive manufacturing processes, necessary to realize prostheses and medical instruments. The samples were obtained by melting fine metal powder of Co-Cr by rapid prototyping process - Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS). The examination of the samples (by methods of optical microscopic, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the spectroscopy method of X-ray energy dispersion) revealed that the surface of the obtained components contains incomplete melting areas whose size depends on the shape of the surface and the meshing level of the 3D model.
Theoretical and Experimental Research in Order to Protect the Environment in Romania
Authors: Chivu Oana Roxana , Semenescu Augustin , Babis Claudiu , Iacobescu Gabriel , Negoita Olivia Doina , Gradinaru Sebastian
Published: February 2020

Protecting the environment is a matter of great importance that must be treaty very seriously, both internationally as well as nationally.The actual situation in Romania, about the economy and the state of the environment, requires the development of a program corresponding to its own interests. Given the specific situation of Romania, the transition to a strong market economy, the restructuring of the economy, the stages that we will go through this market strategy, will mark certain phases with clear objectives.The paper will present the objectives of environmental protection strategy�s, industrial risk analysis that affect environmental quality, environmental impact assessment methods and problems of ecological marking of the products. Based on strategies can be developed economic and environmental programs, which must be completed in order to achieve the set objectives, either macroeconomic, sectorial, regional, operative coordination (mandatory) or programs of measures at the firm level, and, why not, national plans.
Biochemical Effects of Some Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors on Pro-B Cells-Induced Apoptosis
Authors: Gentimir Carmen , Tatarciuc Diana , Zaharia Catalina Anda , Chelaru Liliana , Costin Andreea , Jitareanu Alexandra , Bejinariu Costica , Costuleanu Marcel
Published: February 2020

The present studies aimed the effects of tyrphostin AG 494 and tyrphostin AG 1295 on apoptosis of mouse pro-B lymphocytes. The actual scientific literature lacks such data. Tyrphostin AG 494 is an inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor pathways and tyrphostin AG 1295 is an inhibitor of platelet-derived growth factor receptor pathways. Our obtained data demonstrated that tyrphostin AG 1295 was less effective in preventing the apoptosis of murine pro-B cells, triggered by the combination of Cytoporone B (NR4A1 agonist) and Cyclosporine A. In contrast, tyrphostin AG 494 had a stronger inhibitory effect on the apoptosis of the same cells, when administered for 24 hours. Thus, when blocking the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor pathways, the inductive apoptotic effects of Cytoporone B and Cyclosporine A are reduced. Thus, we could conclude that such inhibition will increase the resistance to apoptosis of pro-B cells. Thus, such a resistance to apoptosis could be experimentally acquired by hematopoietic cells.
Treatment of Lead Contaminated Soil using Solidification/Stabilization Method Incorporated with Sugarcane Bagasse
Authors: Benlamoudi Ali , Kadir Aeslina Abdul , Titu Mihail Aurel , Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri , Sandu Andrei Victor
Published: February 2020

In recent years, tremendous researches have been carried out for solid waste treatment using the solidification/stabilization (S/S) method incorporated with agricultural wastes after the incineration process. These researches, although they showed efficient results, but they may be expensive due to the incineration procedure cost. In the current research, the treatment of lead (Pb) contaminated soil was studied by the incorporation of sugarcane bagasse in its fibrous state into the S/S method. Chemical properties of the materials used were determined by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) test. Some mechanical tests like density, water absorption and compressive strength were conducted in order to meet the regulatory limits for disposing the treated waste. Some leaching tests were also conducted, to measure the leachability of lead (Pb) from the matrices. Solidification/stabilization was found as an effective method that was able to reduce more than 99% of leachability of Pb from polluted soil. Moreover, this method can incorporate until 10% of sugarcane bagasse into the matrices. Although incorporation of sugarcane bagasse up to 10% decreases the strength of the samples and increase the leachability of Pb, but they still fit to the standard. Incorporation of sugarcane bagasse waste in its fibrous state into the solidification/stabilization method may provide an alternative low cost treatment method for Pb polluted soils and may eliminate huge amounts of this waste from the environment.
TNF Inhibitors and Periodontal Inflammation in Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Ancuta Codrina , Ancuta Eugen , Chirieac Rodica , Anton Carmen , Surlari Zenaida , Iordache Cristina
Published: February 2020

The link between immune mediated rheumatic disorders and oral health, particularly periodontal disease, is widely accepted, based on shared immune and inflammatory processes as well as local (articular, gingival) damage mediated by similar pro-inflammatory cytokine and destructive mediators. We aimed to evaluate periodontal status in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) before and after 24-weeks treatment with TNF inhibitors and to identify potential relation between disease activity, inflammatory parameters, therapeutic response and chronic periodontitis. Patients were prospectively assessed according to a standard protocol comprising a complex rheumatologic (PsA activity, inflammatory prolife) and dental evaluation (plaque and gingival index, bleeding on probing, periodontal pocket depth, clinical attachment level). Up to one third PsA presented with moderate to severe periodontitis at baseline, with high prevalence of sites with dental plaque, abnormal bleeding, increased periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment loss. Higher levels of inflammatory parameters were described in the subset of PsA presenting with aggressive periodontal diseases, while significant correlation between dental pathology and CRP (p[0.05). A significant improvement in both PsA-related parameters and periodontal status was demonstrated after 24 weeks of anti-TNF therapy (p[0.05). Periodontal disease may develop in PsA and should be commonly evaluated, particularly patients with active disease. Benefits of TNF inhibitors, with significant response in articular and periodontal parameters, suggest common inflammatory pathways in both entities.
The Efficiency of Recombinant Alpha Eptacog in Haemostatis Management of Haemophilic Patients with Elective Arthroplasty
Authors: Badulescu Oana Viola , Tudor Razvan , Blaj Mihaela , Ciuntu Bogdan Mihnea , Sirbu Paul Dan
Published: February 2020

Haemophilia is considered to be the most severe coagulopathy, characterized by a deficiency either of factor VIII (hemophilia A) or coagulation factor IX (hemophilia B), presenting various degrees of severity depending on the residual factor level. Haemarthrosis is the most common clinical expression of a haemophiliac patient. Its repetitive character will cause irreversible lesions in the joints, which mark the beginning of a chronic condition - haemophiliac arthropathy, which slowly develops throughout the patient�s life, leading eventually to ankylosis. Over time, these joints will require total prosthesis, in order to improve locomotor activity. Achieving effective hemostasis is an essential element for the possibility of performing this type of surgery, due to the increased risk of bleeding, of a vital nature, at this category of patients. A series of clinical trials have been carried out to research the role of the Eptacog Alpha Recombinant treatment in the reduction of bleeding in haemophiliac patients with present inhibitors, to whom total arthroplasty is carried out at the level of various joints. In this regard, this paper aims to highlight the effectiveness of Eptacog Alpha Recombinant in the management of haemostasis in haemophiliac patients, with indication of total endoprosthesis.
Study on the Prevalence of Periodontopathogenic Bacteria in Serum and Subgingival Bacterial Plaque in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Martu Maria Alexandra , Solomon Sorina Mihaela , Sufaru Irina Georgeta , Jelihovschi Igor , Martu Silvia , Rezus Elena , Surdu Amelia Elena , Onea Roxana Madalina , Grecu Gina Paunita , Foia Liliana
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study was to detect bacterial periodontal DNA from subgingival dental plaque and serum in patients affected by rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. The study group included 19 patients with periodontitis and refractory rheumatoid arthritis. The patients were clinically examined and diagnosed and the bacterial DNA was detected in the subgingival bacterial plate and serum by PCR. Severe chronic periodontitis was the most commonly diagnosed (42.2%). The DNA of periodontopathogenic bacteria was detected 100% in subgingival plate samples, and in serum samples it was identified in 84.2% of cases. The most commonly found species in subgingival plate samples were P. intermedia (100%), T. denticola (84.2%) and P. gingivalis (78.9%). In serum samples, the most frequently detected species were P. intermedia (89.4% and 73.6% respectively) and P. gingivalis (57.8% and 42.1%, respectively). A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis did not show statistically significant differences between samples. This finding suggests that it could be an association because the same bacteria species detected in the serum were present in bacterial plaque samples. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis contain levels of oral pathogens in the serum and subgingival plaque that are common to red complex organisms, namely Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Prevotella intermedia.
The Optimization and Validation of a Method for Sb Determination from PET by ICP-OES
Authors: Capra Luiza , Manolache Mihaela , Ion Ion , Radu Elena , Ion Alina Catrinel
Published: February 2020

In the present work it was developed a simple, cheap and quick method for Sb determination from PET in the 10 - 500 mg Kg-1concentrations range, using an original digestion method coupled with the ICP-OES technique. The digestion method, developed and optimized for this study, uses a single digestion reagent (HNO3), adequate the measurement equipment. It ensures a reduced digestion time (45 min.), thus having small energy consumption (0.15 KWh/sample) and uses standard digestion equipment. On the studied concentration range the method presents the following characteristics the calibration curve slope, expressed through correlation coefficient r = 0.9999, standard deviation of repeatability of 1.27 mg Kg-1, RSD = 0.49 %, accuracy determined by recovery degree ranges between 85 % and 96 %, all being comparable with literature data. The value of extended uncertainty is 8.4 mg Kg-1with a confidence level of 95 % (k=2), obtained for Sb content of 259.6 mg Kg-1. The applicability of the method can be extended with the same digestion method and adequate modification of the concentration range for the calibration curve. The validated method for antimony content from PET cans can be applied in various research studies.
Effect of Different Cleaning and Sterilization Methods on the Surface Morphology of Mini-implants
Authors: Pop Silvia Izabella , Bratu Dana Cristina , Merie Violeta Valentina , Pacurar Mariana , Simon Catalin Petru , Popa George , Tas Razvan , Martha Ildiko Krisztina
Published: February 2020

The objective of this study was to analyse morphological and surface topography variations of two types of mini-implants after using different chemical and physical cleaning methods and autoclaved sterilization. One hundred mini-implants from two different manufacturers were used in this study. The mini-implants from each manufacturer were divided in five groups, each consisting of ten samples: G0 new, unused, G1 ultrasonically cleaned, G2 chemically cleaned, G3 sandblasted, G4 cleaned with distilled water. SEM analyses of the mini-implants were performed. Only procedures used in samples from group G2 and G3 removed the tissue remains from the mini-implants surface.
Can Osteopontin Be Considered a Biomarker for Endometriosis?
Authors: Albu (Matasariu) Daniela Roxana , Mihalceanu Elena , Pangal Alina , Vulpoi Carmen , Onofriescu Mircea , Nitoi Luciana , Mihaila Alexandra , Costachescu Gabriel , Constantinescu Daniela , Dumitrascu Irina
Published: February 2020

Endometriosis is a multifactorial disease that is manifested by infertility and pelvic pain. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of progesterone treatment on the serum level of osteopontin, a multipotent cytokine, in patients with endometriosis. The study was prospective and we evaluated osteopontin levels that were measured in the serum of 40 patients with endometriosis and 12 healthy women using a standardized Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit. Osteopontin seric levels were lower in endometriosis patients and increased after progesterone treatment. Because of the large dispersion of data even in the control group, we find the association between osteopontin and endometriosis questionable.
The Effects of Interferon and Ribavirin in Chronic Hepatite C
Authors: Coldea Liliana , Grosu Florin , Pintea Alina Liliana , Mitariu Sebastian Ioan Cernusca , Grigore Nicolae , Comaneanu Raluca Monica , Filip Corina Roman
Published: February 2020

The chronic hepatitis C is a frequently problem in worldwide, the number of infected individuals is high and go on, getting a public health problem [1]. In Romania there are nearly 1 million persons infected with hepatitis C virus, the scope of spreading is related with specific risk factors. An important number of infection with hepatitis C virus present simultaneous extrahepatic manifestations proved to be alone manifestation tracing; its important for diagnosis and treatment. We analyzed the effects of interferon and ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C in General C.F. Hospital Sibiu, between 2008 � 2012. The association between infection with hepatitis C virus and extrahepatic manifestations is important to be recognized for adequate diagnosis tests. By comparing the results of therapy in patients with hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations, the study found that 30 patients (58.83 %) with liver manifestations had an incomplete response versus 10 patients (26.32 %) with extrahepatic manifestations; 11 patients (21.54 %) with hepatic manifestations had a complete response versus 3 patients (7.89 %) with extrahepatic manifestations; and 10 patients (19.63 %) with hepatic manifestations did not respond to treatment versus 25 patients (65.79 %) with extrahepatic manifestations. Analyzing the results of antiviral therapy in patients with hepatic manifestations and those with extrahepatic manifestations, antiviral treatment appears to be more advantageous in cases with only hepatic manifestations.
Investigation of the Structure and Magnetic Properties of Bulk Amorphous FeCoYB Alloy
Authors: Bloch Katarzyna , Titu Mihail Aurel , Sandu Andrei Victor
Published: February 2020

The paper presents the results of structural and microstructural studies for the bulk Fe65Co10Y5B20 and Fe63Co10Y7B20 alloys. All the rods obtained by the injection casting method were fully amorphous. It was found on the basis of analysis of distribution of hyperfine field induction that the samples of Fe65Co10Y5B20 alloy are characterised with greater atomic packing density. Addition of Y to the bulk amorphous Fe65Co10Y5B20 alloy leads to the decrease of the average induction of hyperfine field value. In a strong magnetic field (i.e. greater than 0.4HC), during the magnetization process of the alloys, where irreversible processes take place, the core losses associated with magnetization and de-magnetization were investigated.
Aqueous Neuroinflammatory Cytokines in Open Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Pantalon Anca , Bogdanici Camelia , Constantinescu Daniela , Chiselita Dorin , Feraru Crengua
Published: February 2020

Typically in glaucoma the injuries in the retinal ganglion cells are irreversible and mostly due to high intraocular pressure. Currently there are also accepted pathogenic theories that go beyond high intraocular pressure in the area of neuro-inflammatory molecules, autoimmunity or vascular dysfunction. Yet it is very difficult to quantify these new pathogenic aspects as easy as in the case of visual field testing or optical coherence tomography. Our study tried to identify and compare levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1Ra (Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist), IL-1a (Interleukin-1a), IL-1b (Interleukin-1b), IL-10 (Interleukin 10) and IFN-g(interferon-gamma) levels in open angle glaucoma and compare them to healthy subjects, matched for age and sex. The results proved an increased expression of inflammatory molecules with neurotoxicity capabilities in primary open angle glaucoma patients.
Evaluation of Plasma Albumin as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker in Patients with Traumatic SIRS
Authors: Nicolescu Cristian Mircea , Bedreag Ovidiu , Osakwe Henry , Pop Alexandru , Nicolescu Laura Corina
Published: February 2020

Hypoalbuminemia occurs in about 90% of critically ill patients admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU), this is caused by an increase in microvascular permeability (capillary and venous wall) as a result of systemic inflammatory reaction (SIRS) and decreased synthesis of hepatic albumin in acute liver response. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of hypoalbuminaemia in patients with non-septic SIRS (induced by surgical trauma or multiple trauma) and to assess the plasma albumin level as a potential biomarker of severity in the prognosis of these patients. The albumin plasma level of ICU admitted patients were determined every 24h and 48h, patients were continuously monitored for complications. Hypoalbuminemia is probably the cause of prolonged ileus, gastroparesis, sepsis, fistula and acute renal failure). The statistical processing of data consisted in compiling descriptive statistics on values of albumin, highlighting the albumin-age relationship by the regression method. Calculation of mean plasma albumin values for groups of patients without clinical complications, those with clinical complications or with complications and who died and performing the Scheffe( multiple comparison test), correlation tests between albumin value at 48h and APACHE II score (prediction score Of the critical patient) as well as a descriptive analysis taking into account the 3 g / dl albumin value (factor that differentiates mild to moderate hypoalbuminemia in clinical practice) and performing the non-parametric Chi-Square test for validation of statistical analysis.
A Comparative Study of 6T and 8T SRAM Cell With Improved Read and Write Margins in 130 nm CMOS Technology
Authors: Rawat Ram Murti , Kumar Vinod
Published: February 2020

This paper examines the factors that affect the Static Noise Margin (SNM) of a Static Random Access memories which focus on optimizing Read and Write operation of 8T SRAM cell which is better than 6T SRAM cell Using Swing Restoration for Dual Node Voltage. The read and Write time and improve Stability. New 8T SRAM technique on the circuit or architecture level is required. In this paper Comparative Analysis of 6T and 8T SRAM Cells with Improved Read and Write Margin is done for 130 nm Technology with Cadence Virtuoso schematics Tool.
Perceptual Learning Styles and Lessons in Psychometric Weakness
Authors: Isemonger Ian
Published: February 2020

In this critical review, I argue that the usefulness of perceptual learning styles constructs within applied linguistics is very limited. Researchers within applied linguistics have neglected to engage with objections to these constructs which date back to the 1970s within general educational research. Problems of poor instrumentation are considerable and predictive power has not sufficiently been demonstrated. It is argued that these constructs present a special case for measurement because they are not easily operationalized through statements on self-report questionnaires. The review discusses implications for practitioners and research, and argues for greater editorial oversight in preventing poor instruments from entering the literature in the future. Some specific recommendations which may assist with such prevention are discussed. These include a more critical approach to the use of Cronbach’s alpha, the use of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) as one powerful tool to demonstrate unidimensionality, and the avoidance of paraphrased items.

本論文は、応用言語学で用いられる知覚学習スタイルの構成概念が有用性に欠けることを指摘する。一般的な教育学研究の分野で1970年代から批判されてきたこれら構成概念について、応用言語学研究者たちはその対応法の検討を十分には行なっていない。知覚学習スタイルの測定方法には問題が多く、その妥当性も明確になっていない。さらに、アンケートのような自己報告を用いた測定方法では、このような構成概念は適切に定義づけることが難しいことも指摘されている。外国語教育実践と応用言語学研究のためにも、不十分な測定方法が将来的に研究に入り込まないようにする必要があり、そのためには学術誌等の編集者によるさらなるチェック体制の強化が不可欠である。具体的方法として、クロンバックα係数の使用に関する注意喚起や、１次元性を確認するのに有用な確証的因子分析(CFA)の活用を提案する。
A Many-Facet Rasch Measurement of Differential Rater Severity/Leniency in Three Types of Assessment
Authors: Farrokhi Farahman , Esfandiari Rajab , Schaefer Edward
Published: February 2020

Rater effects in performance testing is an area in which much new research is needed (Myford, personal communication, 23 February, 2010). While previous studies of bias or interaction effect as a component of rater effect have employed experienced teachers as raters (e.g., Schaefer, 2008), the present study uses many-facet Rasch measurement (MFRM) to investigate differential rater effect or rater severity or leniency among three rater types: self-assessor, peer-assessor, and teacher assessor. Essays written in English by 188 Iranian English majors at two state-run universities in Iran were rated both by the students themselves as self-assessors and peer-assessors and by teachers using a 6-point analytic rating scale. MFRM revealed differing patterns of severity and leniency among the three assessment types. For example, self-assessors and teacher assessors showed the opposite pattern of severity and leniency as compared with peer-assessors when assessing the highest and lowest ability students. This study has implications for the use of peer and self-rating in L2 writing assessment.

評定者効果は今後新たな研究が求められる分野である（Myford, personal communication, 2010年2月23日）。評定者効果の構成要素の一つであるバイアスや交互作用効果に関する従来の研究は、経験豊富な教員を評定者としたものであるが（Schaefer, 2008）、本研究では多相ラッシュ測定（MFRM）を用い、自己評価、学習者間評価、教員評価の3タイプ間における評定者効果ないし評定者の厳格さ／寛容さを調査した。イランの州立大学2校の188名の英語専攻の学生の書いたエッセイを対象に、自己評価、学習者間評価者として学生たち自身の評価、および教員による6段階分析評定法により評価を行った。MFRMにより、この３つの評価タイプに、厳格さ／寛容さにおいて異なるパターンがあることが明らかになった。例えば、最も能力の高い学生と最も能力の低い学生に対する自己評価と教員評価は、学習者間評価とは反対のパターンの厳格さ／寛容さを示した。以上をふまえL2ライティングの評価における学習者間評価と自己評価使用に関する示唆を与える。
The Development of the Mandarin Interlanguage Corpus (MIC)—A Preliminary Report on a Small-Scale Learner Database
Authors: Tsang Wai-lan , Yeung Yuk
Published: February 2020

In this paper we report on the recent construction of a small-scale learner corpus with written and spoken output from pre-intermediate to intermediate Mandarin learners of different first languages—The Mandarin Interlanguage Corpus (MIC). The learners attended a 2-year certificate course on Mandarin Chinese at a tertiary institution in Hong Kong. Both their written and spoken production in the form of coursework and examinations, amounting to a total of about 50,000 characters and 60 hours of oral output, has been included in the database so far. The rationale, methodologies (i.e., collection, transcription, and annotation), and design of the database are described. Challenges in compiling the database are also addressed.
本論文は、The Mandarin Interlanguage Corpus (MIC) という、様々な母語話者から構成される初中級から中級までの中国語学習者の書きことばと話しことばの小規模学習コーパスの構築過程を報告する。学習者たちは香港の高等教育機関における２年間の中国語課程に参加しており、授業および試験において収集されたサンプルは、これまでに約50,000文字の書きことばと60時間に相当する話しことばが収録された。本コーパス構築における論理的根拠、方法論（収集、書き起こしと注釈の付記）、およびデータベース設計について紹介し、データベースを編纂する際の諸問題についても考察する。
Perbaikan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika melalui Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD
Authors: Saputra Aswin , Endaryono Endaryono
Published: February 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika  siswa kelas III melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD di SDN Kapuk Muara 01. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan eksperimen dengan teknik penelitian tindakan kelas, yaitu suatu tindakan yang dilakukan oleh guru dan peneliti  untuk memperbaiki pengajaran dengan cara melakukan perubahan dan mempelajari akibat dari perubahan itu. Teknik yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah tes akhir siklus dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pembelajaran Matematika dengan penerapan model kooperatif tipe STAD mampu memperbaiki penguasaan konsep siswa menjadi lebih baik. Hasil yang diperoleh daya serap pada siklus I adalah 51.163%, kemudian diperbaiki pada siklus II dengan hasil daya serap kelas adalah 90.69%. Hal ini menunjukkan kemajuan dimana siswa telah mendapatkan hasil belajar yang baik dari siklus I.
PENERAPAN AKUNTABILITAS ANGGARAN UNTUK PENGUKURAN EFISIENSI DAN EFEKTIVITAS RENCANA ANGGARAN BIAYA (Studi Kasus pada PT. PELINDO Kantor Cabang Pulau Baii Bengkulu)
Authors: - Asa'd
Published: February 2020

Asa’d; PT Pelindo constitute of BUMN that have a range in sea transportation field. As well as the other company in Indonesia that have a range in transportation, the rise of BBM price can make an impact for PT Pelindo, which caused BBM price component rise until 46,12% from the price total of shipping. Therefore, company try to increase the effeciency in every each of aspect, also increasing internal supervision to manage cost side with tight. Accountability application can encourage the company to achieve the purpose through cost control. Based from the background, the purpose of this observation is make a research about accountability application in reach of cost control. This observation use qualitative approach. This observation also literature and interview with financial staff from PT Pelindo Pulau Baii Branch Office Bengkulu to get the Data. The analysis method from the observation is comparing accountability application and cost control that obtainable from case study. Based on the result of PT Pelindo Pulau Baii Branch office Bengkulu, the company not yet to apply a good accountability, it is knew from presence some requirements and characterization which not yet to filled. The company also not yet to run the cost control in good way, this can see from the analysis presence against of cost digression which not implemented. Budget management in PT Pelindo Pulai Baii Branch office Bengkulu is adequate in effective and efficient. Key words: Accountability Budget, Effectiveness and Effeciency.
PENGARUH SISTEM AKUNTANSI PEMERINTAH DAN SISTEM PELAPORAN TERHADAP AKUNTABILITAS KINERJA INSTANSI PEMERINTAH KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Yuniarti Rina
Published: February 2020

Rina Yuniarti; Based on Government Regulation No. 24 Year 2005 regarding the Government Accounting Standards (SAP). Government Accounting Standards are accounting principles applied in preparing and presenting the financial statements of the government. Thus, the Government Accounting Standards are requirements that have the force of law in an effort to improve the quality of financial reports of government agencies. good reporting system is needed in order to monitor and control the performance of managers in implementing budget diterapkan.Penelitian aims to determine the effect of government accounting systems and reporting on performance accountability system. The research sample SKPD in Bengkulu city government. Data analysis technique used is the regression berganda.Hasil this study indicate that the government accounting system affect the performance accountability and reporting systems and the effect on performance accountabilityKey words: Government Accounting System, System Reporting, PerformanceAccountability
HUBUNGAN PENGEMBANGAN KARYAWAN DENGAN PRESTASI KERJA PADA PT. BANK CENTRAL ASIA TBK. CABANG BENGKULU
Authors: Indriasari Nia
Published: February 2020

Nia Indriasari; This study aims to determined the relationship between the development of employees with performance at PT. Bank Central Asia Tbk. Bengkulu branch. The method used in this study are: qualitative and quantitative analysis using the average distribution analysis, and the Spearman rank correlation test hypotheses. From the calculation of the correlation coefficient, calculated value = 0.91 means the variable relationship with employee performance development at PT. Bank Central Asia Tbk. Bengkulu branch is very strong. Hypothesis tests obtained t value greater than t table is t value = 18.73 whereas t table = 2.003, meaning that if there is a significant relationship between the development of the performance of employees at PT. Bank Central Asia Tbk . Bengkulu branch. Employees at PT. Bank Central Asia Tbk. Bengkulu branch has an interest  in any development training held by PT. Bank Central Asia Tbk. Bengkulu branch, employees at PT. Bank Central Asia Tbk. Branch has a high creativity in carrying out the tasks given by PT. Bank Central Asia Tbk. Bengkulu branch so that the creativity that is owned by the employee, the employee is able to improve the quality of work from time to time which can improve the performance of PT. Bank Central Asia Tbk. Bengkulu branch.Key Word: Employee Development, Job Performance
ANALISIS SWOT STRATEGI PEMASARAN ASURANSI JIWA AJB BUMI PUTERA 1912
Authors: Handayani Sri
Published: February 2020

Sri Handayani ; Today's business growth in the life insurance sector in Indonesia continues to improve, but to learn from the experience of the banking sector, it should be examined whether the existence of the businesses owned nationwide in the life insurance sector becomes desperate and lost market share in the country to deal with businesses that come from overseas managed to win greater trust from the buyers insurance protection services. This study aimed to analyze the strengths and weaknesses in the face of opportunities and threats of life insurance marketing strategy AJB Bumiputera 1912 Bengkulu. The sample in this study is the assumption of an effective strategy to maximize the strengths and minimize the weaknesses of the company and the opportunities and threats. The method used is the SWOT analysis. These results indicate that the AJB Bumiputera 1912 Bengkulu workable strategy is a strategy of horizontal integration, cost efficiency and the use of high technology to the payment system and insurance product ordering system, all of this should be directed to customer satisfaction.Keyword: SWOT Analysis, Marketing Strategy
STRATEGI OPTIMALISASI KOMODITAS UNGGULAN TANAMAN PANGAN DI PROPINSI BENGKULU (Menurut Persepsi Masyarakat)
Authors: Yanti Rina Trisna
Published: February 2020

Rina Trisna Yanti: The purpose of this study was to determine the main commodity crops most optimal developed in Bengkulu and determine strategies for improving crop production according to public perception in the province of Bengkulu. This research is a descriptive study, using data from the productivity of each food crops in the province of Bengkulu (rice, maize, cassava, sweet potatoes, peanuts, soybeans), and crop productivity of its kind in the Province around (South Sumatra Lampung, West Sumatra, Jambi) as well as national food crop productivity in 2011 - 2015. the primary data obtained through a questionnaire distributed to 30 respondents and processed through LQ analysis techniques.These results indicate that the main commodity crops in Bengkulu food crops of rice and sweet potatoes. Optimization strategy leading commodity food crops of rice in Bengkulu can be done in a way to use the land in accordance with the potential (extension) and pemanfaan idle land by farmers, while the role of government in providing relief seeds, guarantee price certainty, provide counseling and training to farmers through PPL. While commodity optimization strategies featured sweet potato crop in Bengkulu done by improving the production (intensification) and increased intensity of cultivation as for the role of government in a way to guarantee price certainty.Keyword: Holticulture, Strategy Optimalization, Komodity Superrior.
PENGARUH VARIABILITAS PERSEDIAAN, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN DAN INTENSITAS PERSEDIAAN TERHADAP PEMILIHAN METODE PENILAIAN PERSEDIAAN (Studi Empiris Perusahaan Manufaktur Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2014-2017)
Authors: Febriansyah Erwin , Yulinda Ade Tiara , Rosalinda Lina
Published: February 2020

Erwin Febriansyah, Ade Tiara Yulinda, Lina Rosalinda; This study purposes to determine the effect of inventory variability and intensity, company size, on the selection of inventory assessment method. This research examined four independent variables namely inventory variability and intensity, companies size, its dependent variable was the FIFO method and the average method. Type of this research was quantitative research by using secondary data. Research population was all manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange of the 2014-2017. The sampling technique used purposive sample, with criteria and selected 41 unit analysis companies to be samples and multiplied by the number observation period are obtained 164 samples (41 companies x 4year). The method for data analysis used logistic regression by using SPSS 18.0. There were four research hypotheses; to examine the effect of inventory variability and intensity, companies size on the selection of inventory assessment methods. The result of study showed that inventory variability, companies size, do not affect on the selection of inventory valuation method. Meanwhile, intensity inventory affects the selection of inventory valuation methods and inventory variability and intensity, companies size together influence the selection of inventory valuation methods.

Keywords: Inventory Variability, Company Size, Inventory Intensity, FIFO, Average
PEGARUH HARGA DAN KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PETANI MEMBELI BIBIT SAWIT DI PT. BIO NUSANTARA TEKNOLOGI BENGKULU
Authors: Nurzam Nurzam , Fauziah Rani Sari , Susena Karona Cahya
Published: February 2020

Nurzam, Rani Sari Fauziah, dan Karona Cahya Susena; This research aims to determine the influence of price and quality of seedlings against farmers ' decision to buy palm seed in PT. Bio Nusantara Teknologi Bengkulu. This type of research is descriptive with a quantiative approach. The type of data used is primary data obtained through the dissemination of questionnaires and observations. Respondents in the research were farmers who bought oil palm seedlings at PT. Bio Nusantara Teknologi Bengkulu amounting to 50 people. Sample of the research is taken with acidental sampling technique. Data analysis methods used multiple regression analyses. From the results of the research acquired that: (1) The price has a positive effect and significant to the decision of farmers to buy oil palm seedlings in PT. Bio Nusantara Teknologi Bengkulu. This result means that if the seedling Affordable, then farmers ' decision to buy seedlings will be increasingly tingi; (2) The seed quality is positive and significant to the decision of farmers buying oil palm seedlings in PT. Bio Nusantara Teknologi Bengkulu. This result means that if the seed quality is being perceived to be more high, then the decision of farmers to buy seedlings will be more high; and (3) prices and quality of seedlings influence POSITF and significant to the decision of farmers buy oil palm seedlings in PT. Bio Nusantara Teknologi Bengkulu. This result means that if the seeds are perceived to be affordable and seed quality is getting better, then the decision of farmers buying seeds will be higher.

Keywords: price, product quality, decision
A Visual Lexicon
Authors: Cohn Neil
Published: February 2020

One of the most recognizable graphic components of the visual language of “comics” is the “panel,” a demarcated frame of image content put into discrete sequences, thereby seeming to be the primary unit of expression. However, meaningful visual elements do exist that are both smaller and larger than this encapsulation of image and text. Spoken languages also have variation in sizes of lexical items above and below their primary sequential unit of the “word.” This paper will address these varying levels of representation in visual language in comparison to the structural make-up of verbal language, to aim toward at what it means to have “visual lexical items.”
Towards a Social Semiotic Approach of the Analysis of Emotion in Sound and Music
Authors: Machin David
Published: February 2020

This paper explores the possibility of a social semiotic approach to popular music in order to document the voice qualities, melodies and instrumental sounds found in popular music using the case study of Michael Jackson’s ‘Billie Jean’. The paper explores how these semiotic features, as well as the lyrics, communicate and reveal something of the subjectivity, the emotional world, created by musicians. Here the analysis explores Jackson’s use of restricted pitch ranges, breathiness, melodic patterns and gentle disjunctive articulation showing how these help to communicate the ‘tension’, and ‘trouble’ in the song. Taking a social semiotic approach the paper identifies the underlying available repertoire of meanings available to musicians and shows how musicians can skilfully draws upon these.
Tattoos as Narratives: Skin and Self
Authors: Martin Chris William
Published: February 2020

This article explores the polysemic nature of contemporary tattoos by comparing interviewees‘ perceptions of the meanings of their tattoos with the meanings which can be imputed to them by a researcher studying cultural history and semiotics. After systematically comparing the referencing and mapping of tattoos by interviewees in St. John‘s, Newfoundland, the author argues that tattoos should be viewed in a light that reflects the endless potential of human self-expression. Part of this statement is meant to address the structure-agency dichotomy which has long been reflected in the literature on sociological theories and the tattooing/body literature. Another part is meant to give substantive evidence to the claim that regardless of motivations or meanings, the truth behind meaning and identity can only be found in complex and ephemeral moments which populate the life of the cultural and individual actor.
Against arbitrariness: An alternative approach towards motivation of the sign
Authors: Kowalewski Hubert
Published: February 2020

The aim of the article is to propose an account of the motivated nature of the sign, with special attention devoted to motivation in language. The starting point for the discussion is a cursory critique of the classic Saussurean model of arbitrariness and motivation. The account proposed in this article is in the spirit of broadly understood cognitive linguistics and Peircean semiotics. The model of motivation is comprehensive and specific. It is comprehensive in the sense that it provides a general definition of the term “motivation,” which attempts to cover all instances of its use discussed in modern semiotics. The model is specific in the sense that it proposes parameters of motivation, which allow for investigating different facets of the phenomenon. The article includes case studies which illustrate how the approach can used in actual analysis of semiotic data.