bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A robotic platform for the synthesis of colloidal nanocrystals
Authors: Zhao Haitao , Chen Wei , Huang Hao , Sun Zhehao , Chen Zijian , Wu Lingjun , Zhang Baicheng , Lai Fuming , Wang Zhuo , Adam Mukhtar Lawan , Pang Cheng Heng , Chu Paul K. , Lu Yang , Wu Tao , Jiang Jun , Yin Zongyou , Yu Xue-Feng
Published: March 2023

Morphological control with broad tunability is a primary goal for the synthesis of colloidal nanocrystals with unique physicochemical properties. Here we develop a robotic platform as a substitute for trial-and-error synthesis and labour-intensive characterization to achieve this goal. Gold nanocrystals (with strong visible-light absorption) and double-perovskite nanocrystals (with photoluminescence) are selected as typical proof-of-concept nanocrystals for this platform. An initial choice of key synthesis parameters was acquired through data mining of the literature. Automated synthesis and in situ characterization with further ex situ validation was then carried out and controllable synthesis of nanocrystals with the desired morphology was accomplished. To achieve morphology-oriented inverse design, correlations between the morphologies and structure-directing agents are identified by machine-learning models trained on a continuously expanded experimental database. Thus, the developed robotic platform with a data mining–synthesis–inverse design framework is promising in data-driven robotic synthesis of nanocrystals and beyond.
In situspace-confined growth of Co3O4nanoparticles inside N-doped hollow porous carbon nanospheres as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for high-performance rechargeable zinc–air batteries
Authors: Kuang Jingbiao , Yu Nengfei , Yang Zhongtang , Zhang Yi , Ji Lifei , Ye Jilei , Huang Wen , Huang Qinghong , Tian Na , Wu Yuping , Sun Shigang
Published: March 2023

Co3O4-10%@N-HPCNs with high surface area, hollow porous structure and strong interaction between nanoparticles and carbon nanospheres provide sufficient reactive sites and charge/mass transport environment, resulting in improved performance of RZABs.
Interfacial nanobubbles’ growth at the initial stage of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Yu Jinwen , Hu Kadi , Zhang Zhengyi , Luo Liang , Liu Yiwei , Zhou Daojin , Wang Fengmei , Kuang Yun , Xu Haijun , Li Hui , Duan Haohong , Sun Xiaoming
Published: March 2023

The growth process of interfacial nanobubbles during the initial stage of the hydrogen evolution reaction, and their influence on the overpotential were revealed byin situelectrochemical surface plasmon resonance imaging combined with atomic force microscopy.
A MOF-based pH-responsive dual controlled-release system for herbicide pretilachlor and safener AD-67 delivery that enhances the herbicidal efficacy and reduces side effects
Authors: Guo Kunyan , Deng Xile , Peng Yajun , Yang Ni , Qian Kun , Bai Lianyang
Published: March 2023

The herbicide-safener dual controlled release system AD-67@Pre@ZIF-67 was successfully prepared for the high efficiency and low toxicity of herbicide.
Evaluation of intra- and inter-lab variability in quantifying SARS-CoV-2 in a state-wide wastewater monitoring network
Authors: Davis Angela , Keely Scott P. , Brinkman Nichole E. , Bohrer Zuzana , Ai Yuehan , Mou Xiaozhen , Chattopadhyay Saurabh , Hershey Olivia , Senko John , Hull Natalie , Lytmer Eva , Quintero Anda , Lee Jiyoung
Published: March 2023

Wastewater-based SARS-CoV-2 monitoring is an effective tool for rapid management of the pandemic. Evaluating methodologies during the height of this crisis strengthens the field to ensure reproducibility across states, nations, and the globe.
Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of the effects of probiotics in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Chu Chuanqi , Yu Leilei , Li Yiwen , Guo Hang , Zhai Qixiao , Chen Wei , Tian Fengwei
Published: March 2023

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) demonstrate intestinal dysbiosis and substantial gastrointestinal dysfunction.
Extremely promising monolayer materials with robust ferroelectricity and extraordinary piezoelectricity: δ-AsN, δ-SbN, and δ-BiN
Authors: Zhang Yuwen , Ouyang Tao , He Chaoyu , Li Jin , Tang Chao
Published: March 2023

The spontaneous polarization and piezoelectric coefficients of the two-dimensional ferroelectric materials δ-AsN, δ-SbN and δ-BiN.
Enhanced energy storage performance in reaction-sintered AgNbO3 antiferroelectric ceramics
Authors: Moradi Parastoo , Taheri-Nassaj Ehsan , Yourdkhani Amin , Mykhailovych Vasyl , Diaconu Andrei , Rotaru Aurelian
Published: March 2023

Reaction-sintered AgNbO3 ceramics show high recoverable energy storage density (Wrec) and energy storage efficiency (η) of 3.1 J cm−3 and 74.2%, respectively, at 175 kV cm−1.
Lipid oxidation controls peptide self-assembly near membranes through a surface attraction mechanism
Authors: John Torsten , Piantavigna Stefania , Dealey Tiara J. A. , Abel Bernd , Risselada Herre Jelger , Martin Lisandra L.
Published: March 2023

Oxidized model membranes have differential effects on peptide fibril formation, driven by surface attraction, peptide charge and secondary structure stabilization.
Manoeuvre decision‐making of unmanned aerial vehicles in air combat based on an expert actor‐based soft actor critic algorithm
Authors: Li Bo , Bai Shuangxia , Liang Shiyang , Ma Rui , Neretin Evgeny , Huang Jingyi
Published: March 2023

The demand for autonomous motion control of unmanned aerial vehicles in air combat is boosted as taking the initiative in combat appears more and more crucial. Unmanned aerial vehicles inability to manoeuvre autonomously during air combat that features highly dynamic and uncertain manoeuvres of the enemy; however, limits their combat capabilities, which proves to be very challenging. To meet the challenge, this article proposes an autonomous manoeuvre decision model using an expert actor‐based soft actor critic algorithm that reconstructs empirical replay buffer with expert experience. Specifically, the algorithm uses a small amount of expert experience to increase the diversity of the samples, which can largely improve the exploration and utilisation efficiency of deep reinforcement learning. And to simulate the complex battlefield environment, a one‐to‐one air combat model is established and the concept of missile's attack region is introduced. The model enables the one‐to‐one air combat to be simulated under different initial battlefield situations. Simulation results show that the expert actor‐based soft actor critic algorithm can find the most favourable policy for unmanned aerial vehicles to defeat the opponent faster, and converge more quickly, compared with the soft actor critic algorithm.
Adaptive secure malware efficient machine learning algorithm for healthcare data
Authors: Mohammed Mazin Abed , Lakhan Abdullah , Zebari Dilovan Asaad , Abdulkareem Karrar Hameed , Nedoma Jan , Martinek Radek , Tariq Usman , Alhaisoni Majed , Tiwari Prayag
Published: March 2023

Malware software now encrypts the data of Internet of Things (IoT) enabled fog nodes, preventing the victim from accessing it unless they pay a ransom to the attacker. The ransom injunction is constantly accompanied by a deadline. These days, ransomware attacks are too common on IoT healthcare devices. On the other hand, IoT‐based heartbeat digital healthcare applications have been steadily increasing in popularity. These applications make a lot of data, which they send to the fog cloud to be processed further. In healthcare networks, it is critical to examine healthcare data for malicious intent. The malware is a peace code with polymorphic and metamorphic attack forms. Existing malware analysis techniques did not find malware in the content‐aware heartbeat data. The Adaptive Malware Analysis Dynamic Machine Learning (AMDML) algorithm for content‐aware heartbeat data in fog cloud computing is described in this article. Based on heartbeat data from health records, an adaptive method can train both pre‐ and post‐train malware models. AMDML is based on a rule called ‘federated learning,’ which says that malware analysis models are made at both the local fog node and the remote cloud to meet the performance workload safely. The simulation results show that AMDML outperforms machine learning malware analysis models in terms of accuracy by 60%, delay by 50%, and detection of original heartbeat data by 66% compared to existing malware analysis schemes.
Design Considerations for Boron-Diffused and Implanted 4H-SiC Epitaxial Neutron Detectors for Dosimetry and Monitoring Applications
Authors: Ruddy Frank H. , Kleppinger Joshua W. , Mandal Krishna C.
Published: March 2023

Thermal-neutron detectors based on 4H-SiC semiconductor and 10B converter reactions have many advantages for neutron dosimetry and monitoring applications. These radiation-resistant detectors are capable of stable operation in elevated-temperature environments up to 700 °C for extended periods. The recent development of SiC detectors where the 10B is incorporated into the detector by ion implantation or diffusion leads to interesting application-specific design possibilities. The design of boron-diffused detectors is discussed as well as ways to optimize their design.
The Second EWGRD Round Robin: Inter Comparison of Gamma Spectrometry Measurements on Activation Dosimeters
Authors: Thornton Dean , Watson James , Carcreff Hubert , Domergue Christophe , Fernandes Ana , Frajtag Pavel , Haroková Pavlína , Kis Daniel , Klupák Vít , Kochkin Vyacheslav , Lépy MarieChristine , Mitev Mladen , Prokopowicz Rafał , Radulović Vladimir , Straathof Ben , Wagemans Jan , Zsolnay Eva
Published: March 2023

Following an initial Round Robin inter-comparison of gamma spectrometry measurements reported in 2014, this paper presents results from the first part of a second Round Robin inter-comparison commissioned by the European Working Group on Reactor Dosimetry in 2018. Measurements were performed by thirteen European organisations on a set of irradiated neutron activation detectors representative of those commonly used by the Reactor Dosimetry community to measure neutron fluence using gamma spectrometry methods. The radionuclides measured were110mAg,58Co,60Co,54Mn, and46Sc. The purpose of the exercise was to demonstrate the level of consistency between participating organisations in blind tests of measurements. The samples used were disks of iron, nickel, titanium, and two standard alloys of aluminium, one of 1% cobalt and the other 1% silver. They were irradiated in the MARIA reactor operated by National Centre for Nuclear Research, Poland. Participants provided their results to an independent referee who collated and compared the data. The results are presented in an anonymised form together with discussion and conclusions which may be drawn from the exercise. Good agreement was obtained with standard deviations for individual measurements between 2.0% (54Mn) and 5.6% (60Co). Overall, the results obtained from the latter Round Robin show less consistency than those from the first Round Robin, which is attributed to the participation of a wider pool of organisations.
The Second EWGRD Round Robin: Inter-Comparison of93mNb Measurements
Authors: Thornton Dean , Watson James , Carcreff Hubert , Domergue Christophe , Dziel Tomasz , Fernandes Ana , Gerenyi Anita , Gravier Linda , Klupák Vít , Kochkin Vyacheslav , Lépy MarieChristine , Mitev Mladen , Radulović Vladimir , Straathof Ben , Wagemans Jan , Zsolnay Eva
Published: March 2023

Following on from an initial Round Robin inter-comparison of gamma spectrometry measurements reported in 2014, this paper presents the results of the second part of a further Round Robin inter-comparison commissioned in 2018 by the European Working Group on Reactor Dosimetry. The purpose of the exercise was to demonstrate the level of consistency between different organisations’ measurements of the93Nb(n,n’)93mNb reaction, which plays a key role in underwriting reactor dosimetry assessments. To achieve this, measurements of93mNb activity were performed by twelve European organisations on six sets of near identical niobium samples, each having its own geometry and tantalum concentration. The samples were provided by CEA, France and irradiated in the MARIA reactor, operated by National Centre for Nuclear Research, Poland. Participants provided their results to an independent referee who collated and compared the data. The inter-comparison has demonstrated agreement to within standard deviations ranging from ±2.2% to ±7.9%, with a tendency for some organisations to measure elevated values. The results of the inter-comparison are presented in an anonymised form together with discussion and conclusions which may be drawn from the exercise.
Face à la pénurie d’eau dans le Marais poitevin : dispositifs de gestion et trajectoire conflictuelle de réserves de substitution pour l’irrigation agricole
Authors: Carrausse Romain
Published: March 2023

Cet article analyse la façon dont se structure, en ces temps de contestation de l’agriculture conventionnelle et de l’aménagement vertical, une façon particulière de gouverner la pénurie d’eau pour l’irrigation agricole dans le Marais poitevin. De l’analyse de l’élaboration de dispositifs de gestion à l’aménagement de réserves de substitution, il s’agit de comprendre comment l’action publique, hésitant entre gestion de la pénurie d’eau par diminution de son prélèvement et maintien d’une représentation de l’abondance saisonnière par le recours aux réserves, se transforme et s’adapte – avec plus ou moins de succès, aux contestations contemporaines. Dans un premier temps nous verrons la façon dont est cadrée la gestion de l’eau par l’élaboration de dispositifs. Puis, dans un second temps, nous analyserons les trajectoires de deux projets d’aménagement de réserves de substitution et leurs facteurs de différenciation en matière de conflictualité.
Extraction of astaxanthin from fermentedAcetesusing virgin coconut oil with the glass beads vortex method
Authors: Fitriani Dwi , Rahmalia Winda , Ardiningsih Puji , Usman Thamrin , Nurbaeti Siti Nani , Prayitno Dwi Imam
Published: March 2023

Astaxanthin is an antioxidant that can be extracted from crustaceans such as shrimp, lobster, crawfish, and crabs. FermentedAcetesshrimp (called cincalok) is a traditional side dish from Indonesia rich in astaxanthin. This study extracted astaxanthin from cincalok using the glass beads vortex method with virgin coconut oil (VCO) as a green solvent. Several parameters that affect the amount of astaxanthin extracted, such as the ratio between sample and solvent, contact time, and particle size of glass beads, have been tested. The physicochemical characteristics of VCO before and after extraction were also analyzed. The UV-Vis spectrophotometer analysis results showed that the optimum ratio between sample and solvent was 1:10 g/mL, the optimum contact time was 15 minutes, and the optimum particle size of the glass beads was 60–80 mesh. Under these optimum conditions, the amount of astaxanthin extracted was 27.97 μg/g dry weight of cincalok or 2.79 μg/mL VCO. After extraction, the viscosity and density of VCO still meet the Indonesian National Standard with values of 17.98 mm2/s and 917.2 kg/m3, respectively. Before and after extraction, the GC-MS chromatogram shows the main component of fatty acids in VCO is lauric acid, with a percentage of 27.28 and 26.72%, respectively. VCO can also extract omega-3 fatty acids DHA and EPA from cincalok with the same rate of 0.04%.
Evaluation of Biological Activity Exerted by Dibenzo[b,e]Thiophene-11(6H)-One on Left Ventricular Pressure Using an Isolated Rat Heart Model
Authors: Figueroa-Valverde Lauro , Rosas-Nexticapa Marcela , Alvarez-Ramirez Magdalena , López-Ramos Maria , Díaz-Cedillo Francisco , Mateu-Armad Maria Virginia
Published: March 2023

Background Some studies show that some Dibenzo derivatives can produce changes in the cardiovascular system; however, its molecular mechanism is not very clear.

Objective The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the inotropic activity of ten Dibenzo derivatives (compounds 1 to 10) on either perfusion pressure or left ventricular pressure.

Methods Biological activity produced by the Dibenzo derivatives on either perfusion pressure or coronary resistance was evaluated using an isolated rat heart. In addition, the molecular mechanism of biological activity produced by compound 4 (Dibenzo[b,e]thiophene-11(6H)-one) on left ventricular pressure was determined using both Bay-k8644 and nifedipine as pharmacological tools in an isolated rat heart model.

Results The results showed that Dibenzo[b,e]thiophene-11(6H)-one increases perfusion pressure and coronary resistance at a dose of 0.001 nM. Besides, other data display that Dibenzo[b,e]thiophene-11(6H)-one increases left ventricular pressure in a dose-dependent manner (0.001 to 100 nM) and this effect was similar to biological activity produced by Bay-k8644 drug on left ventricular pressure. However, the effect exerted by Dibenzo[b,e]thiophene-11(6H)-one was inhibited in the presence of nifedipine at a dose of 1 nM.

Conclusions All these data suggest that Dibenzo[b,e]thiophene-11(6H)-one increase left ventricular pressure through calcium channel activation. In this way, Dibenzo[b,e]thiophene-11(6H)-one could be a good candidate as positive inotropic agent to heart failure.
Adulte Dünndarminvagination ausgelöst durch einen Vanek-Tumor – ein Fallbericht
Authors: Singh Jessica , Glodny Bernhard , Krendl Felix Julius
Published: March 2023

N/A
DEGEA-Konzept zur Einarbeitung neuer Mitarbeiter in der
Endoskopie
Authors: Beilenhoff Ulrike , Bichel Silke , Edenharter Kathrina , Holzky-Haselbach Petra , Kranz Heiko , Pfeifer Ute , Maeting Silvia , Richter Thomas , Wurster Andrea
Published: March 2023

Eine engagierte Einarbeitung neuer Mitarbeiter ist essenziell, damit sie sich in der
neuen Abteilung wohlfühlen, schnell leistungsfähig und
selbständig sind und sich in das Team integrieren. Wenn die Einarbeitung
unstrukturiert abläuft, besteht die Gefahr, dass wichtige Informationen
verlorengehen, die Arbeitsqualität leidet, die Mitarbeiter sich nicht mit
den neuen Aufgaben identifizieren und sich ggf. schon in der Probezeit umentscheiden
1
2
3. Der neue Mitarbeiter will und muss gepflegt
werden 4. Er wünscht sich eine
strukturierte Einarbeitung, Wertschätzung, Anerkennung und Gemeinschaft
2
3.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Interventional Radiology in Germany
Authors: Schmidbauer Martina , Busjahn Andreas , Paprottka Philipp , Bücker Arno , Nadjiri Jonathan , Wacker Frank K.
Published: March 2023

Purpose To investigate the effect of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on interventional radiology (IR) in Germany in 2020 and 2021.

Materials und Methods This retrospective study is based on the nationwide interventional radiology procedures documented in the quality register of the German Society for Interventional Radiology and Minimally Invasive Therapy (DeGIR-QS-Register). The nationwide volume of interventions in the pandemic years 2020 and 2021 was compared with the pre-pandemic period (Poisson-test, Mann-Whitney test). The aggregated data were additionally evaluated by intervention type with differentiated consideration of the temporal epidemiological infection occurrence.

Results During the two pandemic years 2020 and 2021, the number of interventional procedures increased by appr. 4 % compared to the same period of the previous year (n = 190 454 and 189 447 vs. n = 183 123, respectively, p < 0.001). Only the first pandemic wave in spring 2020 (weeks 12–16) showed a significant temporary drop in the number of interventional procedures by 26 % (n = 4799, p < 0.05). This primarily involved interventions that were not immediately medically urgent, such as pain treatments or elective arterial revascularization. In contrast, interventions in the field of interventional oncology, such as port catheter implantations and local tumor ablations, remained unaffected. The decline of the first wave of infection was accompanied by a rapid recovery and a significant, partly compensatory, 14 % increase in procedure numbers in the second half of 2020 compared to the same period of the previous year (n = 77 151 vs. 67 852, p < 0.001). Subsequent pandemic waves had no effect on intervention numbers.

Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic in Germany led to a significant short-term decrease in interventional radiology procedures in the initial phase. A compensatory increase in the number of procedures was observed in the subsequent period. This reflects the adaptability and robustness of IR and the high demand for minimally invasive radiological procedures in medical care.

Key points: 

Citation Format
Delayed Diagnosis of Dislocation of All Four Ulnar Carpometacarpal Joints. Surgical Treatment Strategy and Challenges.
Authors: Papagrigorakis Eftychios , Vlachos Christos , Galanis Athanasios , Kanellos Panagiotis
Published: March 2023

Background Carpometacarpal dislocations are rare injuries whose diagnosis is often missed initially. These injuries can be treated conservatively, as long as an anatomical closed reduction is achieved. However, in most cases, open reduction followed by internal or external fixation is necessary to reach a stable anatomical reduction.

Case Description A 32-year-old male was referred to our institution due to excess swelling of his right hand, 2 months after a motorcycle crash he sustained. During our imaging workup, a dorsal carpometacarpal dislocation of all four ulnar metacarpals was found accompanied by a fracture of the base of the fifth metacarpal. An open reduction was achieved using Kirschner wires and a small plate for arthrodesis of the fifth carpometacarpal joint. The postoperative follow-up on the 3rd, 6th, and 12th month was uncomplicated. The range of motion and grip strength was satisfactory on the 3rd month and almost full on the 6th month compared to the unaffected side.

Literature Review Carpometacarpal dislocations are rare hand injuries. They are often the result of a high-energy injury and their diagnosis is usually delayed or missed. The main reasons are the excessive pain and swelling of the hand which make the initial clinical examination difficult and the overlapping of the metacarpals on the X-ray, which make the radiological diagnosis challenging.

Case Relevance A delayed diagnosis needs urgent open surgical treatment to achieve an anatomical reduction due to the interposition of soft tissue, bony fragments, and newly formed callus. Diagnosis and treatment of these injuries demands a high clinical suspicion from the traumatologist. The role of computed tomography scan is invaluable and open reduction is the mainstay of treatment for the cases that are diagnosed late.
Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Motor Recovery in Altered Conscious Patients after Traumatic Brain Injury and Cerebrovascular Accident: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Kumar Raj , Kumar Suraj , Prajapati Hanuman Prasad , Potturi GowriShankar , Sharma Rahul
Published: March 2023

Background and Purpose Altered levels of consciousness resulting from a vascular insult to the brain can vary from confusion to coma. A disruption in the function of the brain stem reticular activating system in the brain stem or both cerebral hemispheres and thalami causes coma. This study is aimed at finding the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on motor recovery in altered conscious patients after traumatic brain injury and cerebrovascular accident.

Materials and Methods A total of 100 patients admitted to the neurology and neurosurgery unit of the university hospital were screened and 40 subjects who satisfied inclusion criteria were recruited and randomly divided into two groups, group A (experimental; n = 20) and group B (control; n = 20), by computerized randomization. Written informed consent was taken from all the caregivers before recruitment. After taking the preliminary assessment, anodal tDCS is given to the motor area (C3/C4 ipsilesional), sensory area (P3/P4 ipsilesional), and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F3) according to the 10/20 electroencephalogram montage for two sessions of 20 min/day for 7 consecutive days. Routine physiotherapy was also given the same as group B.

Results At baseline, there were no significant group differences in the baseline characteristics. The groups passed the normality test. The results were tested for statistical significance between the groups by Mann–Whitney U-test and by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey Honest Significant Difference for post-hoc comparison; the results were statistically different with p-value less than 0.05 with a large effect size.

Conclusion We conclude, based on the results of this study, that tDCS can be effective in motor recovery in altered consciousness patients. It is noninvasive, cost-effective with minimal contraindications, and does not interfere with other modalities in the intensive care unit. Hence, it can be administered safely under the supervision of a qualified therapist.
A review of location, politics, and the multinational corporation: Bringing political geography into international business
Authors: Saittakari Iiris , Ritvala Tiina , Piekkari Rebecca , Kähäri Perttu , Moisio Sami , Hanell Tomas , Beugelsdijk Sjoerd
Published: March 2023

How has international business (IB) research evolved to account for the politicization of the context in which multinational corporations (MNCs) operate? To address this question, we review research at the nexus of location, politics, and the MNC from 2000 through 2021. Rooted in classic IB theories, our review reveals three directions in current IB research: (i) expansion of MNC agency in shaping the political environment, (ii) a wider diversity of actors involved in the business–government–society interface, and (iii) extension of the levels of analysis from country level to sub- and supra-national levels. This three-fold evolution has moved IB research closer to the field of political geography, but the shift has remained largely implicit and its theoretical linkages are few. Drawing on key theoretical insights from political geography, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of bringing political geography into IB research.
Environmental aesthetics and professional development for university teachers in China
Authors: Lin Weixin , Chang Yuan-Cheng , Chen Peng-Fei
Published: March 2023

Recently, research has increasingly focused on environmental aesthetics and the professional development of teachers. By improving aesthetic quality, including perceptions and experiences, teachers can effectively master and develop professional knowledge and skills. Based on the ecological systems theory of environmental aesthetics, this study primarily explores the impact of the perceptions of Chinese teachers of environmental aesthetics and the impact of aesthetic experience on the professional development of teachers, as well as the mediating effects of aesthetic experience. The study sample consisted of 1800 teachers from 30 universities across China. A total of 1479 valid questionnaires were returned, and a structural equation model was used for validation. The results of the study found that the perception of Chinese teachers about the environmental aesthetics of schools exerted a positive effect on aesthetic experience and professional development and that aesthetic experience exerted a positive effect on professional development. Last, aesthetic experience exerted a mediating effect on the relationship between the perception of teachers about the environmental aesthetics of schools and professional development. The findings suggest that schools promote the professional development of teachers through their environmental aesthetics and the aesthetic experience of teachers, highlighting the importance of school environmental aesthetics for professional development.
Improving the capacity of graphene to transport electricity
Authors: McConnon Aili
Published: March 2023

Using electron beam irradiation to modify the electrical conductivity of graphene films based on defect engineering
Automatic amplitude control for phasemeter of spaceborne laser interferometry
Authors: Li Hao-Jie , Qi Hong-Xing , Pan Ming-Zhong , Liang Xin-Dong , Jia Jian-Jun , Liu Guo-Dong , Wang Jian-Yu
Published: March 2023

Laser interferometry of the space gravitational wave antenna needs to demodulate the gravitational wave signal by a phasemeter with high phase readout precision. A phasemeter in digital phase locking loop structure was proved to be sensitive to the amplitude fluctuation of the input signal experimentally in previous studies. In this work, we have carried out theoretical analysis on the influence of amplitude fluctuation on phase readout precision. The results show that amplitude noise belongs to multiplicative noise, which cannot be eliminated by differential measurement. We used the automatic gain control (AGC) circuit to suppress the fluctuation of amplitude. Contrast experiments were performed to verify that the AGC circuit could promote the performance of the phasemeter system for gravitational wave detection.
Optical frequency transfer with below 10−21 uncertainty using a DFB–laser-based fiber Brillouin amplifier
Authors: Kadum Jaffar Emad , Ji Jingxian , Kuhl Alexander , Misera Mattias , Waterholter Thomas , Koke Sebastian
Published: March 2023

Exploiting the outstanding performance of optical atomic clocks for improved timekeeping, relativistic geodesy, and fundamental physics beyond the standard model demands comparing distant state-of-the-art optical clocks. Interferometric optical fiber links have been demonstrated as an eminent method for such frequency comparisons over distances up to thousands of kilometers. However, for such distances, the optical fiber attenuation mandates signal amplification. Fiber Brillouin amplification (FBA) has been proven as an efficient amplification technique for coherent frequency transfer. Demonstrated FBA schemes have been designed based on costly narrow-linewidth pump lasers and analog pump-to-signal phase locking schemes. Furthermore, the high pump power requirement of these FBAs hinders the integration of FBA-based frequency dissemination on fiber connections for shared telecommunication signals in the C-band. In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel FBA module (FBAM) employing cost-effective distributed feedback (DFB) pump lasers assisted by a digital phase locking scheme based on a field programmable gated array. The new FBAM is compact, cost-effective, and directly applicable to different bands, which opens up new opportunities to establish a frequency metrology infrastructure within existing telecommunication fiber networks. Additionally, the small-footprint of the DFB-FBAM allows for frequent amplification stages with lower pump power to reach continental scale optical metrology links with an optimized signal-to-noise ratio. We characterized the DFB-FBAM’s frequency transfer uncertainty using a two-way layout over an in-lab 100 km long optical fiber link and reach a fractional frequency instability of 9.3 × 10−22 at a 10 ks integration time. The DFB-FBAM characterizations show uncertainty contributions of (−2.1 ± 3.3) × 10−22 and below for averaging times >100 ks. For the first time, we assess the temporal Brillouin frequency shift variations in an underground fiber link and implement a scheme to track these changes in a remote FBAM.
Effects of cobalt-permalloy cosputtering in a nanowire structure on magnetic fluctuation and auto-oscillation
Authors: Kim ByungRo , Hwang S. , Yoon Seungha , Han S. H. , Cho B. K.
Published: March 2023

A magnetic nanostructure for auto-oscillation, induced by spin-transfer torque, is fabricated by cosputtering permalloy with cobalt. Although the system does not meet the critical size and current requirements for direct auto-oscillation, magnetic signals resulting from spin wave excitation and magnetic fluctuations are measured by a Brillouin light scattering (BLS) system. From the analysis of the BLS spectrum, the threshold current for auto-oscillation is estimated to be 27.3% lower in Py1−xCox (x = 0.2095) than in Py1−xCox (x = 0.0). It is surmised that the cobalt in permalloy improves the efficiency of transferring spin toque for auto-oscillation.
Benefits of prolonged ageing for the quality of Australian pork depends on cooking temperature and meat pH
Authors: Vaskoska Rozita , Ha Minh , White Jason D. , Warner Robyn D.
Published: March 2023

Context Heating of meat leads to structural changes reflected in the juiciness and the tenderness of the cooked meat. Aims This study aimed to characterise the effect of prolonged ageing and cooking on pork-quality traits. Methods Longissimus lumborum samples from 12 carcasses were aged 3 days (conventional ageing) or 15 days (prolonged ageing) and pork cuboids were cooked at 50–80°C for 30 min. Cooking loss, total water content (TWC), Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and shrinkage (longitudinal, transverse and estimated volume) of the pork loin cuboids were measured. Key results Prolonged ageing for 15 days reduced the WBSF of samples cooked at 50°C, and the cooking loss for samples cooked at 70°C and 80°C, relative to conventional ageing for 3 days. The WBSF of pork aged for 15 days was not different from that of pork aged for 3 days. Prolonged ageing reduced longitudinal shrinkage of cuboids, but TWC and transverse/volume shrinkage of cuboids were not affected by ageing. The diameter of cooked muscle fibre fragments was smaller in pork subjected to prolonged ageing. Conclusions Prolonged ageing was favourable for minimising cooking loss at higher cooking temperatures but was only favourable for tenderness at the lowest cooking temperature. Low pH of the samples is likely to have caused the lack of tenderisation with ageing.
Barriers and facilitators to prescribing medicinal cannabis in New Zealand
Authors: Withanarachchie Vinuli , Rychert Marta , Wilkins Chris
Published: March 2023

Introduction The New Zealand Medicinal Cannabis Scheme (NZMCS) was established in April 2020 with the aim of expanding access to quality controlled medicinal cannabis products and developing a domestic medicinal cannabis industry. Yet, two years later, many patients report challenges in utilising the NZMCS, including physicians’ reluctance to provide prescriptions for products. Aim To explore the barriers and facilitators to prescribing medicinal cannabis in New Zealand. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews with 31 New Zealand physicians (general practitioners, specialists, and cannabis clinicians) who had discussed medicinal cannabis with patients in the last 6 months. Results Physicians reported the principal barrier to prescribing medicinal cannabis was the limited clinical evidence to support cannabis therapy. Further barriers included: a perceived lack of knowledge of medicinal cannabis; concerns over professional reputation; social stigma; and the price of products. Conversely, the factors that facilitated cannabis prescribing included patients’ and physicians’ knowledge of medicinal cannabis; some physicians’ desire to avoid patients having to engage with private cannabis clinics; and the timing of prescription requests (ie considering medicinal cannabis after other treatments had been exhausted). Discussion Further clinical research of medicinal cannabis medications, education and training, and information would support physicians to deliver more informed advice to patients and enhance professional confidence with cannabis therapies.
DFT with corrections for an efficient and accurate description of strong electron correlations in NiO
Authors: Gebhardt Julian , Elsässer Christian
Published: March 2023

An efficient and accurate description of the electronic structure of a strongly correlated metal-oxide semiconductor like NiO has been notoriously difficult. Here, we study the capabilities and limitations of two frequently employed correction schemes, a DFT+U on-site correction and a DFT+1/2 self-energy correction. While both methods individually are unable to provide satisfactory results, in combination they provide a very good description of all relevant physical quantities. Since both methods cope with different shortcomings of common density-functional theory (DFT) methods (using local-density or generalized-gradient approximations), their combination is not mutually dependent and remains broadly applicable. The combined approach retains the computational efficiency of DFT calculations while providing significantly improved predictive power.
Ballistic transport and surface scattering in (In,Ga)As-InP heterostructure narrow channels
Authors: Aleksandrova A , Golz Christian , Weidlich H , Semtsiv Mykhaylo , Masselink W T , Takagaki Y
Published: March 2023

Narrow conduction channels are fabricated from an In0.75Ga0.25As-InP heterostructure using electron-beam lithography and dry etching. The etched surface is realized to be smooth by employing a reactive ion etching. The etching-induced surface conduction is eliminated by removing the damaged surface layer using a diluted HCl solution. The negligible surface depletion for the In-rich quantum well enables to create conducting channels in arbitrary geometries such as in a circular shape. We evidence the presence of a ballistic contribution in the electron transport by demonstrating a rectification of rf excitations that is achieved by the magnetic-field-tuned transmission asymmetry in the circularly-shaped channels. The absence of the surface depletion is shown to cause, on the other hand, a surface scattering for the electrons confined in the channels. An increase of the resistance, including its anomalous enhancement at low temperatures, is induced by the gas molecules attached to the sidewalls of the channels. We also report a large persistent photoconduction, which occurs as a parallel conduction in the undoped InP barrier layer.
Analysis and microcontroller implementation of Josephson junction driven by Wien bridge circuit
Authors: Sriram Balakrishnan , Godonou Daniel Maoussi , Ainamon Cyrille , Ngongiah Isidore Komofor , Rajagopal Karthikeyan
Published: March 2023

This paper recounts the dynamical investigations and microcontroller validation of Josephson junction (JJ) driven by Wien bridge circuit (WBC). Relying on the stability analysis of two equilibrium points found in JJ driven by WBC (JJDWBC), it is revealed that one equilibrium point is unconditionally stable while the other equilibrium point is unstable. The JJDWBC exhibits reverse period-doubling bifurcation, periodic attractors, period-doubling bifurcation, bistable chaotic attractors, and different presentations of monostable chaotic attractors. Partial and total amplitude controls are achieved by adding two controller parameters into the rate equations of JJDWBC. Finally, the microcontroller implementation is used to validate the dynamical behaviors found in JJDWBC.
Primordial black holes and gravitational waves from non-canonical inflation
Authors: Papanikolaou Theodoros , Lymperis Andreas , Lola Smaragda , Saridakis Emmanuel N.
Published: March 2023

Primordial black holes (PBHs) can generically form in inflationary setups through the
collapse of enhanced cosmological perturbations, providing us access to the early Universe through
their associated observational signatures. In the current work we propose a new mechanism of PBH
production within non-canonical inflation, using a class of steep-deformed inflationary potentials
compatible with natural values for the non-canonical exponents. In particular, requiring
significant PBH production we extract constraints on the non-canonical exponents. Additionally, we
find that our scenario can lead to the formation of asteroid-mass PBHs, which can account for the
totality of the dark matter, as well as to production of solar-mass PBHs within the LIGO-VIRGO
detection band. Finally, we find that the enhanced cosmological perturbations which collapse to
form PBHs can produce a stochastic gravitational-wave (GW) background induced by second-order
gravitational interactions. Very interestingly, we obtain a GW signal detectable by future GW
experiments, in particular by SKA, LISA and BBO.
Modification of the roughness of 304 stainless steel by laser surface texturing (LST)
Authors: Lazov Lyubomir , Teirumnieks Edmunds , Angelov Nikolay , Yankov Emil
Published: March 2023

Surface texturing is one of the most effective approaches to modifying the surface to improve many properties: tribological, corrosion resistance, microhardness and others characteristics of a number of engineering materials. Among the surface texturing techniques developed in recent years, the most widely used method is the laser surface texturing method (LST) due to its high flexibility, superior texturing accuracy and good process controllability and reproducibility. With its rapid development, LST has attracted considerable attention in various industries such as automotive, biomedical and aerospace. The present study considers the changes in roughness in different modes of laser texturing of stainless steel specimens 304. The effects and role of individual laser parameters on the change in roughness are analyzed as a main characteristic of the surface properties of the processed material. Heating and its surface melting is one of the studied effects and its role in changing the roughness. The focus of the study is on the process of laser–material interaction as a function of absorbed energy density, pulse frequency, scan rate, and overlap coefficients leading to different effects of LST parameters. It has been found that increasing the energy density, accompanied by a decrease in the frequency and speed of scanning, can increase the surface roughness.
Symmetry phases of asymmetric simple exclusion processes on two lanes with an intersection
Authors: Tian Bo , Wen Wan-Qiang , Li A-Min , Xia Ping
Published: March 2023

This paper studies two-lane asymmetric simple exclusion processes (ASEPs) with an intersection. In the upstream segments of the intersection, one particle can move to the next site with rate 1 if the site is empty, and the other particle can move forward with rate p in the sites of downstream segments. The parameter p can represent the rate of slowing of motion, and the parameter is introduced to investigate spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) phenomenon. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations are carried out. It is shown that three symmetric phases exist and the SSB does not exist in the system. Simple mean field approach in which correlation of sites is ignored is firstly adopted to analyze the system, and the system is divided into four independent segments. It is found that the analytical results deviate from the simulation ones, especially when p is small. In addition, the inexsitence of SSB can only be explained qualitatively. Motivated by this, we carry out the cluster mean field analysis in which correlation of five sites is considered. It is shown that densities of the two upstream segments are equal, which demonstrates that the SSB does not exist. It is also shown that, as expected, the cluster mean field analysis performs much better than the simple mean field analysis.
Influences of double diffusion upon radiative flow of thin film Maxwell fluid through a stretching channel
Authors: Khan Arshad , Ali Ishtiaq , Almusawa Musawa Yahya , Gul Taza , Alghamdi Wajdi
Published: March 2023

This work explores the influence of double diffusion over thermally radiative flow of thin film hybrid nanofluid and irreversibility generation through a stretching channel. The nanoparticles of silver and alumina have mixed in the Maxwell fluid (base fluid). Magnetic field influence has been employed to channel in normal direction. Equations that are going to administer the fluid flow have been converted to dimension-free notations by using appropriate variables. Homotopy analysis method is used for the solution of the resultant equations. In this investigation it has pointed out that motion of fluid has declined with growth in magnetic effects, thin film thickness, and unsteadiness factor. Temperature of fluid has grown up with upsurge in Brownian motion, radiation factor, and thermophoresis effects, while it has declined with greater values of thermal Maxwell factor and thickness factor of the thin film. Concentration distribution has grown up with higher values of thermophoresis effects and has declined for augmentation in Brownian motion.
Structure study of a dielectric laser accelerator with discrete translational symmetry
Authors: He 何 Yangfan 阳帆 , Sun 孙 Bin 斌 , Ma 马 Mingjiang 铭江 , Li 李 Wei 伟 , Cui 崔 Zhihao 志浩 , Zhao 赵 Zongqing 宗清
Published: March 2023

The dielectric laser accelerator (DLA) is a promising technology for achieving high-gradient acceleration in a compact design. Its advantages include ease of cascading and an energy gain per unit distance which can exceed that of conventional accelerators by two orders of magnitude. This paper establishes rules for efficient particle acceleration using dielectric structures based on basic equations, proposes a design principle for DLA structures with clear physical images and verifies the accuracy of the corresponding formula for energy gain. DLA structures with different specifications, materials and geometric shapes are constructed, and the achievable acceleration gradient is calculated. Our results demonstrate that effective acceleration can be achieved when the electric field sensed by particles in the acceleration cavity has zero frequency, which provides a powerful method for designing such devices. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the simplified formula for calculating energy gain presented in this paper can accurately determine the energy gain of particles during the design of acceleration structures using a dielectric accelerator.
Designing radiative cooling metamaterials for passive thermal management by particle swarm optimization
Authors: Yan Shenshen , Liu Yan , Wang Zi , Lan Xiaohua , Wang Yi , Ren Jie
Published: March 2023

The passive radiative cooling technology shows a great potential application on reducing the enormous global energy consumption. The multilayer metamaterials could enhance the radiative cooling performance. However, it is a challenge to design the radiative cooler. In this work, based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) evolutionary algorithm, we develop an intelligent workflow in designing photonic radiative cooling metamaterials. Specifically, we design two 10-layer SiO2 radiative coolers doped by cylindrical MgF2 or air impurities, possessing high emissivity within the selective (8–13 μm) and broadband (8–25 μm) atmospheric transparency windows, respectively. Our two kinds of coolers demonstrate power density as high as 119 W/m2 and 132 W/m2 at the room temperature (300 K). Our scheme does not rely on the usage of special materials, forming high-performing metamaterials with conventional poor-performing components. This significant improvement of the emission spectra proves the effectiveness of our inverse design algorithm in boosting the discovery of high-performing functional metamaterials.