bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on wear and grinding treatment of high-speed turnout rails
Authors: Li Jincheng , Qi Yayun , Wu Pengpeng , Ding Junjun , Ding Haohao
Published: August 2024

To mitigate steel rail wear in turnouts, this study examines wear mechanisms and influencing factors in high-speed turnouts. We establish a coupled dynamics model to analyze vehicle-turnout interactions, incorporating actual turnout rail profiles, continuous traction forces from passing vehicles, and running resistance. This study evaluates the suitability of various wear models, update procedures, wear superposition methods, and filtering techniques for predicting turnout rail wear. A predictive model for turnout rail wear is developed, and the influence of different turnout parameters on rail wear is investigated. Computational results indicate that the wear power model provides superior accuracy and efficiency in predicting turnout rail wear. A depth update step of 0.05mm proves optimal for turnout steel rail wear, while an adaptive filtering algorithm tailored to turnout wear characteristics effectively filters rail wear. Compared to traditional models, our dynamic model, which accounts for traction-resistance, closely aligns with actual measured data, demonstrating higher computational accuracy. Excessive longitudinal and lateral stiffness during vehicle passage through turnouts is found to be detrimental to reducing turnout steel rail wear. Conversely, appropriately increasing anti-snaking damper stiffness and lateral damper damping can mitigate rail wear. Based on the distribution of rail wear in the turnout area, an holistic grinding scheme was formulated. This scheme effectively improved the wheel-rail contact conditions in the turnout area, reducing the lateral vibration acceleration of vehicles passing through the turnout by 52.56% and the vertical vibration acceleration by 30.43%. The holistic grinding scheme can effectively improve the smoothness of the turnout and reduce vehicle vibrations when passing through. This research provides a theoretical basis for suppressing rail wear in high-speed turnouts, effectively reducing the maintenance costs of turnout rails, and has significant implications for improving the operational safety and economic benefits of high-speed trains.
Shifting from competition toward facilitation with abiotic stress is limited for two codominant grass species
Authors: Gray Jesse E. , Smith Melinda D.
Published: August 2024

It’s unclear why the C4 grasses, Andropogon gerardii and Sorghastrum nutans, codominate in the tallgrass prairie despite asymmetric competition and drought tolerance that favors A. gerardii. According to the stress gradient hypothesis (SGH), net interactions between these species may shift from negative (competitive) to positive (facilitative) in harsher conditions. We tested this hypothesis in a greenhouse experiment manipulating community composition and water availability. We found no evidence of such a shift, suggesting limits to the SGH and the existence of other mechanisms driving codominance between these grasses.
Water Footprint and Virtual Water Assessment for Textile Industries of Bangladesh
Authors: Dipu Salah Uddin Ahmed , Piyash Nabil Ahemed
Published: August 2024

The textile and garment industry in Bangladesh, a significant contributor to the national economy and major exporter, heavily consumes water and causes environmental pollution(Sagris et al., 2015). This thesis evaluates the water usage and pollution in the sector by assessing its blue, green, and grey water footprints, focusing on the dyeing, printing, and finishing stages in three industries: KDS, FOURH, and AMBER. The study aims to provide insights into the virtual water footprint and current water management practices, identifying areas for improvement to promote sustainable water resource management in the textile industry.
Correlation Between Literacy Rate and Sex Ratio in Sawai Madhopur District: A Geographical Study
Authors: Rajawat Rakshita Kanwar , sharma Rashmi
Published: August 2024

This study aims to examine the correlation between literacy and the sex ratio in Rajasthan's Sawaimadhopur District. The socioeconomic progress of any region depends significantly on two key demographic factors: the literacy rate and the sex ratio. For the purposes of the 2011 Census, a person is considered to be literate if they are seven years old or older and can read and write in any language with comprehension. A person is not literate if they can just read and cannot write. Literate people are thought to have higher knowledge, which aids in socioeconomic development, particularly in countries like India, the second-most populous nation in the world. In India, the word "sex ratio" refers to the proportion of females to males. The 2011 Indian Census provided the secondary sources used in this analysis. Two variables in Sawaimadhopur have been examined: literacy and the gender ratio. The primary goals of this research are to examine and correlate the spatial distributions of literacy rate and sex ratio. The correlation between the sex ratio and the literacy rate has been determined using the Spearman's Rank correlation approach. Based on statistical analysis, it can be seen that there is a slight but positive correlation between these two variables (r=0.11)
Performance Comparison of different Rapid Freeze-Quench Strategies for Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
Authors: Bracci Maruan , Serra Ilenia , García-Rubio Inés , Doorslaer Sabine Van
Published: August 2024

This work addresses the development of a custom-made home-built rapid freeze-quench (RFQ) device and the comparison of its performance to the one of a commercial RFQ setup that was in-house custom adapted. Both systems consist of two syringes that push the reactants into a mixing chamber and the products to a subsequent freezing setup. Using the binding of azide to myoglobin as a calibration reaction, the quenching times of the different setups were compared, evaluating different instrumental parameters, such as software-controlled variation of the ageing time, variations of the flow rate and variations of the distance travelled by the mixed sample before freezing. In addition to minimal sample consumption, the home-built RFQ device was found to lead to the shorter reaction times which could be controlled in a time range from 10 to 25 ms. The commercial RFQ system yielded optimal reaction control in a time range from 50 to 200 ms, although a larger volume of reactants needed to be used due to the significant dead volume of the system. Three different freezing methods were also evaluated, among which, in our hands, freezing the jet directly in a deep bath of cold isopentane yielded shorter and reproducible freezing times.
Genome-wide fine-mapping improves identification of causal variants
Authors: Wu Yang , Zheng Zhili , Thibaut Loic , Goddard Michael , Wray Naomi , Visscher Peter , Zeng Jian
Published: August 2024

Fine-mapping refines genotype-phenotype association signals to identify causal variants underlying complex traits. However, current methods typically focus on individual genomic segments without considering the global genetic architecture. Here, we demonstrate the advantages of performing genome-wide fine-mapping (GWFM) and develop methods to facilitate GWFM. In simulations and real data analyses, GWFM outperforms current methods in error control, mapping power and precision, replication rate, and trans-ancestry phenotype prediction. For 48 well-powered traits in the UK Biobank, we identify causal variants that collectively explain 17% of the SNP-based heritability, and predict that fine-mapping 50% of that would require 2 million samples on average. We pinpoint a known causal variant, as proof-of-principle, at FTO for body mass index, unveil a hidden secondary variant with evolutionary conservation, and identify new missense causal variants for schizophrenia and Crohn’s disease. Overall, we analyse 600 complex traits with 13 million SNPs, highlighting the efficacy of GWFM with functional annotations.
Congenital absence of touch does not preclude normal cognitive and socioemotional development
Authors: Mason Peggy , Reder Anthony , Lacy Maureen , Pinto Jayant
Published: August 2024

Attachment theory holds that development of normal affective and social behavior requires physical contact between infant and caregiver. The elevation of touch to paramount importance has gone unchallenged because, prior to the present study, no individual with a congenital lack of somatosensation has been reported, much less studied for psychosocial development. Here we describe Kim, who since birth, has been unable to perceive touch, temperature changes, or pain on the body surface. Despite her inability to sense physical contact, Kim has above-average intelligence. She functions normally in social situations with a variety of people, recognizing emotions in herself and others and demonstrating appropriate affect. Kim experiences anxiety that appears grounded in realistic fears and uncertainties particular to her somatic insensitivity, thus serving as adaptive vigilance in reaction to an abnormal sensorium. Her normal socioemotional development, evident from an early age, likely resulted from Kim being able to appreciate her parents’ loving care through gaze, movement, and hearing. In sum, Kim upends the idea of touch as critical to developing a sense of self, secure attachment, and family bonds.
The Mechanism of Rose in Treating Sjögren's Syndrome Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Zhou Xi
Published: August 2024

Background:
Modern medicine has yet to cure the xerostomia and other symptoms caused by the early onset of Sjögren's Syndrome (SS). Rose, a common flower used in traditional Chinese medicine, is investigated in this study using network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques to explore its potential mechanisms of action against SS.
Methods:
The active components and targets of rose were identified using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform. The genes encoding these targets were identified using the UniProt database. Additionally, SS-related targets were identified from the GeneCards and OMIM databases. By intersecting the compound targets with SS targets, the predicted targets for rose in the treatment of SS were obtained. A "candidate compound-target" network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.10.2, and a protein-protein interaction network was built. Further analysis of active compounds and their targets was performed through Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses using R software. Finally, molecular docking techniques were employed to validate the affinity between the candidate compounds and key targets.
Results:
Quercetin, beta-carotene, beta-sitosterol, and demethoxycapillarisin in rose interacted with IL6, TNF, AKT1, ALB, IL1B, TP53, JUN, TGFB1, BCL2, and ESR1. These findings indicate that rose exerts therapeutic effects on peripheral glandular damage in SS and its associated cardiovascular diseases and tumorigenesis through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways.
Conclusion:
From a network pharmacology perspective, this study systematically identified the main active ingredients, targets, and specific mechanisms of rose in treating SS, providing a theoretical basis and research direction for further exploration of rose's therapeutic mechanisms in SS.
Enhancing TNM Staging in Breast Cancer: A Hybrid Approach with CNN, Edge Detection, and Self-Organizing Maps for Improved Accuracy
Authors: Ajlouni Naim , Özyavaş Adem , Ajlouni Firas , Takaoğlu Mustafa , Takaoğlu Faruk
Published: August 2024

Breast cancer remains a leading cause of mortality among women globally, underscoring the urgent need for improved diagnostic and staging techniques to enhance patient outcomes. This study aims to automate the TNM staging of breast cancer using a hybrid approach that integrates Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), edge detection methods, and Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs). Utilizing the Duke Breast Cancer MRI dataset, which provides detailed MRI scans crucial for accurate tumor characterization, the research addresses the limitations of traditional TNM staging, which often relies on manual interpretation by radiologists and can lead to inconsistencies and inaccuracies. Our approach combines CNNs with advanced edge detection algorithms and SOMs to automate and enhance the accuracy of breast cancer staging. The hybrid model effectively identifies and delineates tumor boundaries and critical anatomical features, offering a more reliable and objective evaluation. Notably, this method improves accuracy from 93% with conventional CNN models to 98%, representing a significant advancement in precision. This improvement not only provides more accurate diagnoses but also enables more personalized and effective treatment plans. For patients, this enhanced accuracy translates to better prognostic assessments and tailored treatments, potentially leading to improved outcomes and reduced likelihood of overtreatment or under treatment. For medical staff, the improved accuracy reduces the likelihood of misdiagnoses and enhances workflow efficiency by minimizing manual interpretation, thus alleviating some of the burdens associated with cancer staging. The model's performance is optimized through various testing methods and statistical evaluations, validating its stability and reliability. The integration of edge detection and SOMs captures comprehensive information, prevents overfitting, and provides valuable insights into data clustering. This combined approach supports personalized medicine by ensuring treatments are customized to individual patient characteristics, ultimately contributing to better survival rates and quality of life for patients.
Deciphering Complex Regions within the Human Genome and Unraveling Their Critical Biomedical Regulatory Functions
Authors: Du Duo , Li Ming , Zhu Chaoyu , Li Xuan , Wu Feizhen , Zhang Wen , Cheng Xunjia , Zhong Fan , Liu Lei
Published: August 2024

Background: Nuclear genomic DNA plays a crucial role in individual development and phenotype determination. The genetic landscape within populations exhibits significant heterogeneity, contributing to diverse human traits. Current studies of human genome heterogeneity often focus on specific segments of high-frequency phenotype-associated sequences or structurally complex regions. Therefore, to overcome the limitations of previous studies and more directly explore population heterogeneity, it is essential to study the entire genome rather than focusing only on known phenotype-associated regions.
Results: Using set theory, we have clearly defined Complex Regions (Complex_Region) by integrating pan-genome datasets, covering about 8.1% of the human genome. These regions exhibit high sequence diversity and nonrandom long continuous fragments (≥450kb), thus reflecting population genetic complexity. Our enrichment analysis revealed that genes within Complex_Region are primarily involved in immunity and metabolism, indicating chromosome-specific functional enrichment. Notably, immune genes are mainly located on chromosomes 6 and 19, which are closely associated with disease occurrence. Moreover, these regions are enriched for human phenotype-related signals and tumor somatic mutations, providing novel insights for large-scale cohort studies. We also detected ancient viral sequences, particularly ~9.47 kb human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) insertion sequence NC_022518, which is diverse in humans but remains conserved across primates, to be implicated in regulating bodily functions and various diseases.
Conclusions: Our study highlights the biomedical importance of Complex_Region by revealing associations among genotypes, environment, and phenotypes. This enhances our understanding of life regulation and phenotype shaping, highlighting the role of these regions in immunity, metabolism, and disease association.
Characterize of Drought Events Using Decile, SPI and RDI in Southeast of Ethiopia
Authors: Kemal Kedir , Mekonnen Zenebe , Molla Moges , Shimelis Abebaw
Published: August 2024

Drought characterization can be used to devise an effective early warning system as a key component to building drought preparedness plan that manage drought impacts. The aim of this study was to characterize the drought events, particularly those of meteorological and agricultural events happened for long period that has been the predominant types to affect the communities. Conventionally, regional drought analysis is done based on drought indices for the identification of drought intensity, frequency, duration and areal extent across southeast Ethiopia. The indices used for the study were Precipitation Deciles (PD), Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Reconnaissance Drought Indexes (RDI) for the period of 1987 to 2018. The spatial extent of drought in the study area has been interpolated by inverse distance weighted method using the spatial analyst tool of ArcGIS. Most of the studied stations experienced drought event in 1991/1992, 1998/1999, 2001/2002, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012. The results point to 2010/2011 as a year of exceptionally widespread drought among the other. To this end, having information in the intensity, frequency, duration and areal extent of drought needed in water conservation policies can help bridge the gap between water availability, supply, and demand of drought affected areas.
Controllable Synthesis of Nonlayered Ultrathin Mn3O4 with High Dielectric Constant
Authors: Liu Wei , Yuan Jiashuai , Jian Chuan-yong , Shang Zhihui , Yao Yu , Wang Bicheng , Li Yixiang , Wang Rutao , Fu Zhipeng , Li Meng , Hong Wenting , He Xu , Cai Qian
Published: August 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been identified as promising candidates for future electronic devices. However, high dielectric constant (κ) materials, which can be integrated with 2D semiconductors, are still very rare. This study employed a hydrate-assisted thinning chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique combined with a strategy of minimizing substrate lattice mismatch, achieving precise control over the growth kinetics, enabling the controllable array growth of ultrathin manganese oxide (Mn3O4), demonstrating an extraordinary dielectric constant of 237, an equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) as low as 0.57 nm, and a breakdown field strength (Ebd) exceeding 10 MV/cm, marking it as a superior gate dielectric material. MoS2 field-effect transistors (FETs) integrated with ultrathin Mn3O4 through mechanical stacking method operate under ultra-low voltages (<1 V), achieving a near 108 Ion/Ioff ratio and a subthreshold swing (SS) as low as 84 mV/dec. The MoS2 FET exhibit nearly zero hysteresis (~5 mV) and an extremely low drain-induced barrier lowering (~20 mV/V). This work further expands the family of 2D high-κ dielectric materials and provides a feasible exploration for the epitaxial growth of single-crystal thin films of non-layered materials.
Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Associated Psychiatric Disorders in Earthquake Victims After the Elazig Earthquake in 2020
Authors: MOLU Esengul , Gurok Mehmet Gurkan , Tabara Muhammed Fatih , Atmaca Murad
Published: August 2024

Objective:This study investigated the prevalence of PTSD and accompanying mental illnesses in Elazig Earthquake survivors, aiming to identify risk factors for PTSD and the prevalence of depression and anxiety.
Method:The sample comprised 320 earthquake survivors aged 18 and above who experienced the earthquake. The participants completed a sociodemographic data form, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), and Traumatic Experiences Checklist (TEC).
Results:The study found that the prevalence of PTSD among earthquake victims was 13.1%. Additionally, 24.37% of participants experienced moderate to severe depression, while 25.32% had moderate to severe anxiety.
Conclusion:Identifying potential risk factors for mental illness development after an earthquake and providing targeted psychiatric support to at-risk individuals can help prevent the onset of PTSD and other psychiatric disorders.
Enhancing Convergence of Optimization Algorithms for Logistic Regression: A Breast Cancer Diagnosis Application
Authors: Borbor Ariana , Herrera Priscilla , Ashraf Ahmed , Delgado Erwin , Liut Michael , Suarez Carlos Anibal
Published: August 2024

This paper explores strategies to enhance the convergence of Newton and Trust Region methods, which are employed to obtain optimal solutions for the optimization problems underlying the Logistic Regression technique. The optimization problems consist of maximizing the likelihood function and minimizing the sum of squared errors. These are addressed using the mentioned gradient-based algorithms. Improvements include using a local search heuristic to find a good initial solution and determining the optimal learning rate at each iteration. The heuristic-generated initial points significantly improve the convergence rate of these gradient-based methods. Additionally, instead of using a fixed learning rate or step size, the optimization process dynamically computes these parameters using the Golden Search method, ensuring a more adaptive and efficient search strategy. Extensive numerical experiments and a detailed case study validate the effectiveness of this approach.
Precise and interpretable neural networks reveal epigenetic signatures of aging in youth across health and disease
Authors: Martínez-Enguita David , Hillerton Thomas , Åkesson Julia , Kling Daniel , Lerm Maria , Gustafsson Mika
Published: August 2024

DNA methylation age clocks are powerful tools for measuring biological age, providing insights into aging risks and outcomes beyond chronological age. While traditional clocks are effective, their interpretability is often limited due to their dependence on small, potentially stochastic sets of CpG sites. We propose that the reliability of epigenetic age estimation models should stem from their ability to detect comprehensive and targeted aging signatures. Here we introduce NCAE-CombClock, a neural network regressor that improves age prediction accuracy in large datasets by integrating methylation embeddings with CpG sites. Additionally, we developed explainable neural networks for robust age classification across adolescence and young adulthood. Epigenetic aging signatures identified at single-year resolution from these models were enriched in developmental, immune, and metabolic processes. We showcase the utility of our approach by exploring the biological mechanisms underlying the altered pace of aging observed in pediatric Crohn's disease. Our models offer broad applications in personalized medicine and aging research, providing a valuable resource for interpreting aging trajectories in health and disease.
Single Axis Solar Tracker using PIC Microcontroller and Light Dependent Resistors
Authors: Tirones Sylvester
Published: August 2024

The use of renewable energy for electricity generation has become increasingly demanding in remote locations and off-grid areas around the globe. Harnessing renewable energy such as the solar radiation from the sun to produce electrical energy enables the decrease in the cost of the energy demands and at the same time, contributes to sustainability and mitigates global warming and its effect. Since sunlight is natural and abundant, focussing on the development of managing the harvesting of this energy is quite imperative. In this paper, we shall present a design that integrates the use of a solar photovoltaic system along with a simple single-axis solar tracking system that aims at improving the energy absorption by the solar panel by aligning the panel perpendicular to the sunlight. The simple design consists of multiple stationary LDRs used as sensors for sunlight detection assembled at a fixed position and a single rotational LDR attached to the movable solar panel to match the sun's position with the stationary LDRs. The results show that the proposed single-axis solar tracker presented in this paper is economical and can increase the power output of the solar PV panel. The model can be projected on a bigger scale and targets domestic electricity production in rural locations.
GeschlechterSchulKulturen : eine theoretische, methodologische und ethnographische Spurensuche nach Geschlechterkonstruktionen
Authors:   , Bitzer Anna-Karoline
Published: August 2024

Regelmäßig werden Debatten um Geschlecht geführt, auch mit dem Fokus auf Schule. So regt die PISA-Studie mit ihren Ergebnissen im Jahr 2000 einen Diskurs um Bildungserfolg und Geschlecht an. Jürgen Budde (2009) vermutet beispielsweise einen engen Zusammenhang vom Schulerfolg eines Jungen mit der jeweiligen Schulkultur und konstatiert in diesem Zusammenhang eine Forschungslücke. Die Studie zu GeschlechterSchulKulturen schließt hier in Bezug auf eine Beforschung von Schulkultur mit Fokus auf Geschlechter an. Anhand eines gegenstandsverankerten Vorgehens in Form einer Kombination von ethnographischem Forschungsstil und Grounded Theory Methodologie werden Interaktionen und verbale Zuschreibungen im Arrangement zweier integrierter Gesamt- und Ganztagsschulen beforscht. Dabei liegen folgende Forschungsfragen zugrunde: Welche Geschlechterkonstruktionen lassen sich am Beispiel zweier Gesamt- und Ganztagsschulen rekonstruieren? Lassen sich über Geschlechterkonstruktionen im schulischen Kontext spezifische GeschlechterSchulKulturen analytisch fassen und unterscheiden sich die beiden Forschungsfelder darin? Im Rahmen dieser Fragestellungen steht insbesondere die Frage danach im Fokus, welche Geschlechterkonstruktionen die Schüler*innen fünfter Klassen selbst vornehmen. Denn den öffentlichen Diskurs um die Ausbildung von Geschlechtsidentität führen Erwachsene, aber wie konstruieren die Schüler*innen Geschlechtlichkeit in ihrem Schulalltag? Welche Geschlechterzuschreibungen nehmen sie vor und welche möglichen Zusammenhänge lassen sich mit den jeweiligen Schulen rekonstruieren? In der Studie zu GeschlechterSchulKulturen werden verbale Schüler*innen-Zuschreibungen in den Blick genommen, die in einem zweiten Schritt über einen Vergleich der beiden beforschten Schulen betrachtet und darauf folgend mit den jeweiligen Geschlechter(vor)strukturierungen der Schulen kontextualisiert werden, um damit dem Begriff GeschlechterSchulKulturen analytisch auf die Spur zu kommen. Die Studie liefert dabei zahlreiche Einblicke in verbale Schüler*innen-Zuschreibungen. Daran schließt eine Erörterung möglicher Implikationen für die schulische Praxis an. Dabei liefert die Studie zu GeschlechterSchulKulturen Annahmen zu spezifischen schulischen Kulturen, die bestimmte Konstruktionsprozesse gegebenenfalls (be)fördern. Mit der Studie zu GeschlechterSchulKulturen werden zudem methodologische Fragen zu schulischer Geschlechterforschung bearbeitet und ein Beitrag zu der Darstellbarkeit reflexiver Forschung geleistet.
The The impact of credit risk on the profitability of banks in South Africa
Authors: Fombang Mccpowell Sali , Maseko Gauda Johannes
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of credit risk on the profitability of commercial banks in South Africa. This study purposefully chose five banks that control more than 70 % of the market in South Africa. The secondary balanced panel data was gathered from each bank's audited annual financial statements over a ten years (2013-2022). This study was conducted using an explanatory study as our research design. The return on equity was used to measure profitability, while the credit loss ratio, the ratio of loss allowances to total loans and advances, and the ratio of total loans and advances to total assets were used to assess credit risk for each bank. The Variance Inflation Factor was used to test for multicollinearity, while Hausman model specification test was used to determine the preferred model for the study. The data were analysed using a balanced panel data regression with the random effects model. The study's findings show that the credit loss ratio has a positive effect on profitability, whereas the ratio of loss allowances to total loans and advances has a negative effect. The ratio of total loans to total assets was discovered to have a positive and significant relationship with bank profitability. As a result, this study concluded that banks should be aggressive in deploying deposits to extend credit to customers while maintaining effective credit management practices.
The Subduction of Hydrogen: Deep Water Cycling, Induced Seismicity, and Plate Tectonics
Authors: Keppler Hans , Ohtani Eĳi , Yang Xiaozhi
Published: August 2024

The dynamic equilibrium between mantle degassing and water recycling in subduction zones controls the variation of sea level in deep geologic time, as well as the size of Earth’s interior hydrogen reservoir. While the principles of water transport and water release by common hydrous minerals in the subducted crust are relatively well understood, the importance of deep serpentinization of the slab, the contribution of nominally anhydrous minerals and dense hydrous magnesium silicates to water transport, and the mechanisms of water subduction into the lower mantle are still subjects of active research. A quantitative understanding of these processes is required to constrain the evolution of Earth’s deep water cycle through geologic time and the role of water in stabilizing plate tectonics.
Deep Hydrogen Reservoirs and Longevity
Authors: Novella Davide , Demouchy Sylvie , Bolfan-Casanova Nathalie
Published: August 2024

The oceans are voluminous H2O reservoirs that regulate climate and life on Earth. Yet much larger H2O reservoirs, potentially accounting for several oceans, may exist in the Earth’s mantle and core in the form of H atoms trapped into the structure of nominally anhydrous minerals (NAMs) and metallic alloys. Determining the size of these ‘hidden oceans’ is key to understanding planetary evolution and surface dynamics and can be done by combining data from rare natural samples with experimental and theoretical models. The longevity of these deep H reservoirs is controlled by H transport rates over geological times, which are dominated by percolation rates, once H partitions into melts, or by plate mobility, if H remains locked in NAMs.
Hydrous Melting and its Seismic Signature
Authors: Durand Stéphanie , Juriček Marĳa Putak , Fischer Karen M.
Published: August 2024

Hydrogen is known to affect elastic and anelastic properties of mantle rocks and minerals. Hydrogen dissolution in minerals notably alters the properties of transition zone phases, which may accommodate very high water contents. Moreover, even small amounts of water can induce partial melting in certain mantle regions and modify seismic wave velocities and attenuation. Progress in seismic imaging of the mantle—particularly the mapping of seismic attenuation and velocities—has improved constraints on local hydrous melt content in the upper mantle, and evidence exists for partial melt–bearing layers above and below the transition zone owing to dehydration reactions induced by upward or downward flow of mantle material. Further observational and modeling studies are needed to more fully understand the influence of hydrous melting on the global water cycle, mantle viscosity, and large-scale geodynamics.
Comparison of three injectable metaphylactic antimicrobial treatments administered at feedlot arrival for control of bovine respiratory disease in calf-fed Holstein steers
Authors: Buchanan Justin W. , Nilles Ashley R. , Raymond Randall C.
Published: August 2024

Three injectable metaphylactic antimicrobials were evaluated for efficacy against bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in calf-fed Holstein steers. Calves (N=3,605) weighing between 210 and 580 lb (95 and 263 kg) were enrolled in a complete random study design and administered either tulathromycin (TUL, 1.1 mL/100 lb [45.4 kg] of body weight [BW]), tildipirosin (TPR, 1.0 mL/100 lb [45.4 kg] BW), or gamithromycin (GAM, 1.8 mL/100 lb [45.4 kg] BW) at feedlot arrival. Body weight, health events, and carcass data were collected to assess differences among experimental groups for morbidity, mortality, treatment success, realizer rate, average daily gain (ADG), and carcass traits. An economic model was developed to compare the relative economic outcome associated with metaphylaxis using parameters describing morbidity, relapse, realizer, and mortality rates as well as the individual drug cost. No significant differences (P>0.05) were observed for ADG, first-pull morbidity rate, mortality rate, carcass weight, backfat, or marbling score due to metaphylaxis across experimental groups. Calves administered gamithromycin at processing had a significantly lower (P=0.01) realizer rate and realizer plus mortality rate, and higher (P=0.02) first-treatment success rate compared to calves administered tulathromycin. Health and performance outcomes did not differ between calves in the GAM and TPR groups; however, drug cost was lower in the GAM group. Compared to calves in the TUL group, the economic benefit of metaphylaxis was greater for calves in the GAM experimental group when considering drug cost and difference in relapse, realizer, and realizer plus mortality rates.
Bovine Practitioner Vol. 46, No. 1 (2012 Spring). Front matter
Authors: American Association of Bovine Practioners
Published: August 2024

Cover, masthead, table of contents, and other editorial information.
Bovine Practitioner Vol. 44, No. 1 (2010 Summer). Front matter
Authors: Bovine Practitioners American Association of
Published: August 2024

Cover, Masthead, Table of Contents, and other editorial information.
Bovine Practitioner Vol. 50, No. 2 (2016 Summer). Front matter
Authors: Bovine Practitioners American Association of
Published: August 2024

Cover, Masthead, Table of Contents, and other editorial information.
Bovine Practitioner Vol. 51, No. 1 (Spring 2017). Front matter
Authors: Bovine Practitioners American Association of
Published: August 2024

Cover, Masthead, Table of Contents, and other editorial information.
Bovine Practitioner Vol. 55, No. 1 (2021). Front matter
Authors: Bovine Practitioners American Association of
Published: August 2024

Cover, Masthead, Table of Contents, and other editorial information.
Bovine Practitioner Vol. 56, No. 1 (2022). Front Matter
Authors: Gingrich II K. Fred
Published: August 2024

Cover, Masthead, Table of Contents, Advertisements and other editorial information.
Ensino de Estatística pelo Ciclo Investigativo PPDAC no Ensino Médio no Rio Grande do Norte
Authors: Lourenço Roberia Silva da Penha , Borges Giluiza Catarina Cardoso Alves , Brito Stella Layse da Silva Lima , Maia Dennys Leite
Published: August 2024

Este artigo é um relato de uma prática pedagógica com a utilização do ciclo investigativo PPDAC na segunda série da etapa do Ensino Médio no ano de 2022. Foi realizada em uma escola pública estadual, localizada em Natal, no Rio Grande do Norte. O objetivo é analisar a participação dos discentes durante a prática desenvolvida em cada etapa do ciclo investigativo PPDAC. A metodologia foi de característica qualitativa e os instrumentos de pesquisa foram as anotações em diário, gravações de áudio e registro de imagens. Os dados foram coletados pelos instrumentos de pesquisa citados e avaliados qualitativamente. Os resultados indicam uma maior proatividade e interesse discente nas atividades realizadas durante as aulas de Estatística, seja na escolha da problemática pertencente a sua realidade ou no levantamento de possíveis soluções.
Palavras-chave: PPDAC; Ciclo Investigativo; Sequência didática; Estatística; Ensino Médio.
Uma Sequência de Ensino com característica Interdisciplinar, envolvendo matemática financeira e meio ambiente
Authors: Ribeiro Lucivânia da Silva Costa , Oliveira Tamiles da Silva , Correia Diná da Silva , Santos Elisângela Ribeiro dos , Viana Geovânia Souza
Published: August 2024

Este relato tem como objetivo apresentar uma experiência interdisciplinar vivenciada por uma professora de matemática e uma professora de ciências envolvidas em um processo formativo, coordenado pelo  Grupo de Pesquisa em Educação Matemática, Estatística e em Ciências (GPEMEC), com uma proposta de desenvolvimento de uma sequência de ensino e que, de forma colaborativa, por meio de quatro encontros, se tornou possível executar parte das suas ações propostas, cuja abordagem utilizada foram estudos dos textos de autores que pesquisam temas como Práticas Pedagógicas e Interdisciplinaridade. Os encontros foram organizados a partir das reflexões de leituras prévias destes textos, bem como discussão acerca da realidade do município, quanto à coleta seletiva e venda de materiais recicláveis, e o ganho financeiro dos catadores deste material. A matemática financeira e a preservação do meio ambiente foram os temas curriculares trabalhados na elaboração e desenvolvimento desta sequência. Os dados parciais coletados, se deu pelo diálogo dos alunos com as pessoas envolvidas na coleta seletiva de materiais recicláveis, bem como a reflexão das duas professoras. Os resultados apontam que esta ação pedagógica, pode contribuir com uma educação em um contexto de Interdisciplinaridade, a partir de uma ação de cunho social, promovendo uma aprendizagem para os estudantes além da sala de aula.
A Influência da Liderança Transformacional no Comprometimento e Desejo de Permanência dos Millennials
Authors: Mantovani Dante , Souza Dutra Joel , Vasconcellos Guedes Liliana
Published: August 2024

Este artigo analisa o quanto os líderes transformacionais estão relacionados a liderados mais comprometidos pertencentes à geração Y ou Millennials. O estudo é de natureza quantitativa, realizado por meio de pesquisa do tipo survey. Foram obtidas respostas de pessoas de diversas regiões do Brasil, com amostra de 732 respostas válidas. Os dados coletados foram analisados para teste de hipóteses por meio de modelagem de equações estruturais (MEE). Os resultados validaram parte das hipóteses propostas, com a indicação das variáveis observadas que podem exercer influência no Comprometimento Organizacional dos profissionais Millennials. Dentre as componentes da Liderança Transformacional que apresentaram correlação com o Comprometimento destacam-se a Estimulação Intelectual e Influência Idealizada. Não foram encontradas correlações entre as componentes Consideração Individualizada e Motivação Inspiradora com o Comprometimento Afetivo, o que sugere que líderes que tratam cada um na sua individualidade ou se comunicam de forma confiante, instigante e motivadora não necessariamente fortalecem os vínculos dos Millennials com a organização. As análises sobre a relação entre as componentes do Comprometimento e alto desempenho apontaram que os Millennials que apresentam uma forte ligação de simpatia e afetividade pela organização, se interessam pelos destinos da empresa, se apropriam dos objetivos da organização ou tratam os problemas da empresa como se fossem seus são os que afirmam ter um desempenho diferenciado. Entretanto, não foram encontradas relações entre o desempenho superior e o orgulho de pertencer, encontrar significado pessoal em trabalhar na empresa, falar bem da organização para os amigos, inspirar o melhor de si e identificar-se com os valores da organização. As análises sugerem que líderes podem obter maior vínculo de suas equipes de Millenials com a organização quando agem como modelo de conduta, demonstram seu próprio compromisso com a organização e estimulam a buscarem soluções inovadoras.
Analisis Sentimen Komentar Konsumen Industri Jamu di Media Sosial menggunakan Artificial Neural Network dan K-Nearest Neighbor
Authors: Kurniawan Daniel , Purnomo Hindriyanto Dwi , Iriani Ade
Published: August 2024

Phytopharmaceutical plants have become one of the main commodities contributing significantly to the economy through their use in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and health industries. However, behind this economic potential, traditional herbal medicine businesses often face challenges, particularly in promotion and brand identity. Social media platforms like Instagram have now introduced unique features to support business and marketing, primarily by providing in-depth information about herbal products and offering opportunities for businesses to receive feedback from consumers. Comments on social media are valuable but often unstructured; hence, sentiment analysis is necessary to organize and categorize this data. By combining comment data with information from Google Trends, cause-and-effect relationships from comments during specific periods can be identified using path analysis. This research aims to analyze consumer comments on the Sidomuncul company's Instagram platform, with the hope of benefiting the company and advancing herbal medicine products. The methods used in this study include Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) to classify comments into positive, negative, and neutral categories. Both methods show satisfactory results in classification, with an average accuracy of 0.887 for ANN and 0.874 for KNN. However, the ROC curve for the KNN model indicates a relatively low AUC value in classifying negative comments, at 0.598.
Analisis Kepuasan Pengguna Gojek dengan Metode Kuantitatif Multimodel
Authors: Yulianing Tyas Sasmi Hidayatul , Muftikhali Qilbaaini Effendi
Published: August 2024

Gojek is the first start-up company in Indonesia to have decacorn status based on CB-Insight's records. With Go-Jek's achievement status being the background factor for satisfaction with Go-Jek application users. This research aims to identify factors that influence Gojek customer satisfaction with application use. In this research, quantitative methods using the EUCS, TAM and Delone and McLean (Multi Model) models were used to identify the independent variables, while the dependent variable was customer satisfaction. The dependent variables in this research consist of Content, Accuracy, Format, ease of use, Timeliness, Perceived Usefulness, System Quality, Information Quality and Service Quality. Quantitative methods were used in this research, based on the calculation results of the GeSCA application. The R-squared value of the model proposed in this study is 0.6922. This means that the independent variables in the model can explain the customer satisfaction variable by 69.22% and the remaining 31.78% is explained by other independent variables that are not in the model. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that 9 variables had an influence on the customer satisfaction variable, but there was 1 variable that had a significant influence (Service Quality). Conclusion  of this research show that the variables Content, Accuracy, Format, ease of use, Timeliness, Perceived Usefulness, System Quality, Information Quality and Service Quality have an influence on user satisfaction.
Kombinasi Modified K-Nearest Neighbor dan Certainty Factor untuk Peningkatan Akurasi Diagnosis Malnutrisi
Authors: Zati Hulwani , Eko Sediyono , Bayu Surarso
Published: August 2024

Malnutrition remains a major public health challenge in low and middle-income countries. This research proposes a method for diagnosing malnutrition diseases by combining Certainty Factor (CF) and Modified K-Nearest Neighbor (MKNN). CF is used to obtain certainty values from the symptoms experienced by patients, while MKNN classifies patient symptom data into specific disease classes based on proximity to the training data. The symptom CF values are combined with the rule CFs to obtain the final CF for each disease. The patient's CF data becomes the testing data, while the disease dataset is the training data. The MKNN technique involves calculating the Euclidean distance, validity, and applying weight voting to identify the class to which the testing data belongs based on the majority class of the k nearest training data. In the test case, CF indicated a tendency towards Kwashiorkor, reinforced by MKNN with the majority of the nearest training data classified as Kwashiorkor. Cross-validation testing with 20 testing data resulted in an accuracy of 95% for the combined CF-MKNN method. The combination of the two methods mutually reinforces and increases the confidence in the diagnosis.
Preface JSINBIS 14 (3) 2024
Authors: Mustafid Prof
Published: August 2024

Preface JSINBIS 14 (3) 2024
Movie Discussion Club: A Teaching Model to Improve Integrated Skills in English
Authors: Lutfiyanti Winda
Published: August 2024

This research aimed to design and develop a teaching model following the need analysis which showed that the learners needed a set of instructional system to improve their integrated skills in English. Eighteen freshmen of English Literature Department (S1) and English Department (D3) from academic year 2019/2020 were participated as subjects in developing the teaching model. In conducting this research, there are seven steps in the procedure of research and development including: 1) need analysis and reference study, 2) developing product, 3) preliminary field testing, 4) first revision, 5) expert validation, 6) second revision, and 7) final product (first version). The instruments used to collect data are interview, observation, and questionnaire. The model was designed referring to six fundamental elements of teaching model namely focus, syntax, principle of reaction, social system, support system, and application context then implemented in Movie Discussion Club. The data of the field testing showed that the learners’ integrated skills improved. Later on, the researcher used the note from this stage to revise the product. Moreover, expert validators checked the product and gave suggestions to make last adjustment. The final product of the research is a revised design of teaching model applied in Movie Discussion Club.
Using Canva in Creating and Designing E-Module for English Language Teaching
Authors: Fitria Tira Nur
Published: August 2024

The utilization of learning material via the use of technology is interesting. Visual, audio, and audiovisual learning mediums are all options. Memorable and simple-to-understand learning activities may be created using appealing learning material. This study simulates Canva in making and designing an e-module in English material. This research is descriptive qualitative. The analysis shows that Canva is an online graphic design tool that allows educators to generate a variety of creative products such as e-modules of teaching materials. This app can be used to design learning media with attractive templates, and a varied presentation of shapes, images, colors, and letters. To use the Canva app, we create a Canva account on canva.com, choose a template for design, design (insert elements), choose a background, edit the background, add texts, upload images/audio/videos, insert links, download or share designs e-module. Canva is a site that offers both free and paid (freemium) access to a wide variety of design tools and options. Canva has provided 'graphics capabilities for users who 'cannot or are not good at designing' by providing various templates ranging from lawyers, elements (icons, photos, lines, illustrations), text with various fonts, and 4) backgrounds. So, the 'material' has been presented and the users just have to create it. Teachers/lecturers may find Canva to design learning media and develop instructional material. By using Canva, teachers/lecturers can teach material, knowledge, creativity, and skills that will be obtained for students, so that this media can also be used in various areas of their lives.