bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wstrętne ciała Williama S. Burroughsa
Authors: Białkowska Anna
Published: October 2020

Przedstawienie cielesności w tekstach Williama S. Burroughsa jednoznacznie podpada pod niezwykle interesującą kategorię estetyczną, jaką jest wstręt. Burroughs brzydzi się ciałem i z lubością obrzydza je również czytelnikowi – przedstawia je jako coś obiektywnego, odrażającego, jako pułapkę, z której trzeba się uwolnić. Szokujące, drastyczne opisy mutacji, transformacji i przemocy stosowanej wobec ciała, stały się znakiem rozpoznawczym tego kontrowersyjnego artysty. Obsceniczne obrazowanie, naturalistyczne sceny mają obnażyć słabość ciała, jego podatność na manipulacje i zewnętrzne wpływy, jego fizyczną ułomność. W niniejszym eseju sugeruję, że jednym z decydujących czynników, które wpłynęły na tak negatywny stosunek Burroughsa do ciała i cielesności, był nałóg – uzależnienie od opiatów – od którego artysta nie zdołał się nigdy do końca uwolnić.
Kultura języka polskiego współcześnie
Authors: Mikosińska Marta
Published: October 2020

Autorka – polonistka i specjalistka w zakresie emisji głosu – dokonuje przeglądu wybranych badań językoznawców na temat kultury języka polskiego. Zwraca uwagę na rozmaite zjawiska, jakie wchodzą w zakres tego pojęcia. Opisuje współczesną normę językową oraz kryteria poprawnościowe stosowane w praktyce kulturalno-językowej. Przedstawia postawy użytkowników języka wobec normy i tendencje rozwojowe we współczesnym języku mówionym.
Furor scribendi. Waleria Marrené-Morzkowska w swoich listach (próba portretu)
Authors: Mocyk Agnieszka
Published: October 2020

Głównym celem artykułu jest przypomnienie polskiej autorki, powieściopisarki, publicystki i krytyczki XIX wieku – Walerii Marrené-Morzkowskiej. Urodziła się ona w 1932 roku w Zbożennej jako jedyne dziecko Adeli z Krasińskich i Jana Malletskiego de Grandville, oficera napoleońskiego, polskiego i rosyjskiego generała, inżyniera. Przyjaciółka Elizy Orzeszkowej, czołowej pisarki ruchu pozytywistycznego, dziesięć lat starsza od niej, Morzkowska próbowała odgrywać analogiczną rolę w polskim życiu literackim i społecznym tamtych czasów. Doskonałym źródłem do poznania osobowości i pasji Morzkowskiej jest jej zachowana korespondencja. Listy przedstawiają ambitną osobę, która odczuwała ogromną potrzebę pisania. Pisarska aktywność Morzkowskiej wynikała z ciągle odczuwanych niedostatków finansowych, ale też z chęci faktycznego wpływania na opinię publiczną. Istotne wydaje się przy tym – wciąż niezaspokojone – dążenie do sukcesu literackiego. Czytelnik listów dowiaduje się także, jak trudno było kobiecie pogodzić rolę matki i żony z rolą działacza i pisarza zaangażowanego społecznie.
Folklor w polskiej kulturze narodowej
Authors: Ziejka Franciszek
Published: October 2020

Zgodnie z tytułem artykuł poświęcony jest problematyce folkloru i jego związkach z szeroko rozumianą i tak też ujętą kulturą narodową. W trójdzielnym tekście pierwsza część poświęcona jest przedstawieniu rozwoju badań nad folklorem w Polsce od ich osiemnastowiecznych początków. Autor dokonuje przeglądu najwybitniejszych „odkrywców” polskiego folkloru od Bogusławskiego i Kołłątaja po Glogera i Kolberga. Druga część dopełnia pierwszą galerią tych, którzy dzięki pracy licznych „odkrywców” mogli stworzyć wielce znaczące do dziś dla kultury polskiej dzieła. Część trzecia kontrapunktowo rozważa stan i sens prowadzenia badań nad folklorem we współczesnych nam czasach.
General Concept of the EMG Controlled Bionic Hand
Authors: Pieprzycki Adam , Król Daniel
Published: October 2020

The article presents a general concept of a bionic hand control system using a multichannel EMG signal, being under development at present. The method of acquisition and processing of multi-channel EMG signal and feature extraction for machine learning were described. Moreover, the design of the control system implementation in the real-time embedded system was discussed.
THERE IS NO STANDARD INTERPRETATION.
MISREADING VERSUS THE MUSEUM PUBLIC
Authors: Karczewski Leszek
Published: October 2020

Resorting to the arguments of the theory
of the interpretation of culture texts, particularly Harold
Bloom’s concept of misreading, the power of interpretative
ascertainment achieved by the museum public and the
museum institution is equalled. Relating the literature theories
to the museum realm, the Author discloses the contingency
(namely the conditioning always dependent on the context) of
the interpretative activity in a museum institution. In a series
of four intellectual experiments the interpretative instability of
a museum object is approximated, while its possible
consequences for a museum institution are pointed to.
The effectiveness of a positively vs. negatively valenced PSA against sexually transmitted diseases – evidence from an experimental study
Authors: Ort Alexander , Fahr Andreas
Published: October 2020

This study examines the effects of positive compared to negative appeals in persuasive health communication about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The theoretical background draws on the Extended Parallel Process Model, which is mainly used to ex- plain the processing of negative appeals (fear) in these contexts. Participants (N = 160; Mage = 22.59, SD = 2.48, 57.4% female; mainly students) took part in a one-factorial experiment by viewing an advertisement promoting the use of condoms that was emotionally framed as either humorous (positive) or threatening (negative) to induce an emotional experience of joy or fear, respectively. Emotional experiences were tested as predictors for health behavior-related outcomes by means of hierarchical regression analyses. Data pro- vides evidence for the beneficial effect of positive emotional appeals on message judgment and attitudes towards the proposed behavior. The threatening appeal reduced perceptions of efficacy and led to an increase in reactance. These findings provide further evidence for carefully using fear appeals in persuasive health communication and speak in favor of integrating positive emotional appeals in these contexts.
Sustainable Utilization of the Lake Kinneret and Its Watershed Ecosystems: A Review
Authors: Gophen Moshe
Published: October 2020

Lake Kinneret and its watershed have undergone significant structural modifications. Some of them are anthropogenic, and others are natural. Among natural modifications, the climate change is prominent. Among man-made changes, the drainage of the Hula Valley, construction of the National Water Carrier designating Lake Kinneret as a national resource of drinking water, construction of the Dam on the lake south outlet, agricultural developments in the Hula Valley, and others are included. Additional factors that recently have a significant impact on the management of the lake ecosystem are the development of ocean water desalinization capabilities. Nevertheless, these two ecosystems were carefully studied directed by limnological and wetland-agricultural scientific trait. One parameter was not yet accounted intensively, the assurance of long-term sustainability. This paper provides an overviewed insight into the conducted principles of management toward sustainable management after the establishment of the modifications as an attempt of predictive development outline.
Revising Tasks to Be Culturally Relevant
Authors: Gallivan Heather R.
Published: October 2020

Experience success by using this strategy and framework.
#WODB: The Power of Dynamic Representations
Authors: Bailey Nina G. , Reed Samuel D. , Fye Kristen , McCulloch, Allison W. , Lovett Jennifer N.
Published: October 2020

Dynamic representations situated within a “Which One Doesn’t Belong?” routine can extend students’ exploration of functions and can enable a focus on the variant and invariant characteristics of mathematical objects.
Catalyzing Change in School Mathematics: Creating the Opportunities Our Students Deserve
Authors: Huinker DeAnn , Bush, Sarah B. , Graham Karen J.
Published: October 2020

This synthesis of the key messages and recommendations from the NCTM Catalyzing Change series suggests ways to initiate needed conversations within schools and districts on removing inequitable structures and broadening the purposes of learning mathematics.
Biofilms deform soft surfaces and disrupt epithelia
Authors: Cont Alice , Rossy Tamara , Al-Mayyah Zainebe , Persat Alexandre
Published: October 2020

During chronic infections and in microbiota, bacteria predominantly colonize their hosts as multicellular structures called biofilms. A common assumption is that biofilms exclusively interact with their hosts biochemically. However, the contributions of mechanics, while being central to the process of biofilm formation, have been overlooked as a factor influencing host physiology. Specifically, how biofilms form on soft, tissue-like materials remains unknown. Here, we show that biofilms of the pathogens Vibrio cholerae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa can induce large deformations of soft synthetic hydrogels. Biofilms buildup internal mechanical stress as single cells grow within the elastic matrix. By combining mechanical measurements and mutations in matrix components, we found that biofilms deform by buckling, and that adhesion transmits these forces to their substrates. Finally, we demonstrate that V. cholerae biofilms can generate sufficient mechanical stress to deform and even disrupt soft epithelial cell monolayers, suggesting a mechanical mode of infection.
Monsoon Effects on Biomass and Composition of Microphytobenthic Diatoms in the Cochin Estuary, Southwest India
Authors: SANILKUMAR M.G. , SARAMMA A.V. , JOSEPH K.J. , CAHOON L.B.
Published: October 2020

Microphytobenthos are important primary producers in shallow aquatic ecosystems, but processes regulating this group are poorly understood in comparison to phytoplankton. We examined microphytobenthos at a station in Cochin Estuary for 13 months (February 2005–February 2006) to evaluate effects of the annual southwest monsoon on total biomass, depth distribution and species composition of the microphytobenthos. Significant declines in microphytobenthos and phytoplankton biomass occurred with onset of the southwest monsoon in June 2005. Phytoplankton biomass began to recover before the monsoon rains ended in September 2005, but microphytobenthos biomass recovered only after the rains ended. Microphytobenthos biomass declined throughout the top 5 cm of the sediment column concurrently with declines in abundance of most pennate diatom taxa, particularly larger forms, as well as some macrobenthos taxa. Changes in the microphytobenthos were not consistent with direct effects of the monsoon (changes in salinity, temperature, pH, physical disturbance, and turbidity), but were consistent with the effects of mud deposition by land runoff caused by heavy monsoon rains. These results suggest the hypothesis that sediment loading into estuaries from storm water runoff may have significant negative effects on microphytobenthos and the communities they support.
Incompatible Variables and “Quantal” Phenomena in Psychology
Authors: HEGSTROM ROGER A. , ADSHEAD GWEN
Published: October 2020

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is an area of modern psychology that provides a successful method for preventing the recurrence of depression. The standard theory of MBCT may be interpreted in terms of a simple theoretical model that employs incompatible variables as its fundamental observable quantities. Although the MBCT theory is not related to or derived from quantum theory, the existence of incompatible variables results in “quantal” phenomena, such as interference and the uncertainty principle, which have been widely believed to occur only as a consequence of the laws of quantum mechanics. The predictions of the model are subject to experimental testing and at present the model agrees with all published clinical data. To our knowledge, this work is the first quantitative theoretical treatment of a natural non-quantal system possessing incompatible variables. It confirms the intuition of Bohr and Heisenberg that incompatible variables may exist in human psychology.
Final Value Abelian Theorems for the Stieltjes Transform of Generalized Functions
Authors: CARMICHAEL RICHARD D.
Published: October 2020

Limit results are obtained for the Stieltjes transform of generalized functions as the domain complex variable s approaches ∞ (final value results) in the right half plane. These results are of equivalent form as results for the transform as s approaches 0 (initial value results) in the right half plane.
Occurrence of Dipturus teevani, a Deep-Water Skate in North Carolina
Authors: Schwartz Frank J.
Published: October 2020

Trawling in 1,900 m deep Atlantic ocean waters in 1985 produced a long-nosed diamond- shaped skate. Examination of its meristic and morphological features revealed it was Dipturus teevani. Capture in the north Atlantic extends its depth range from 732 m to 1,900 m and its distributional range north of Cape Lookout 100 km to east of Cape Hatteras.
A taxonomic review of the genusAstrocladus(Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Euryalida, Gorgonocephalidae) from Japanese coastal waters
Authors: Okanishi Masanori , Kohtsuka Hisanori , Fujita Toshihiko
Published: October 2020

Japanese species of the genusAstrocladus(Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Euryalida, Gorgonocephalidae) are reviewed.Astrocladus coniferusrecently has two junior synonyms,A. dofleiniDöderlein andA. pardalisDöderlein, however, status of these species has long been questioned. These species concepts have not been reviewed in recent years and no molecular phylogenetic analyses have been performed. Observations of the lectotype ofA. coniferus, as well as the lectotype and four paralectotypes ofA. dofleiniand the holotype ofA. pardalishave revealed thatA. coniferusandA. pardalisare conspecific and morphologically distinguishable fromA. dofleini.Astrocladus coniferusandA. dofleiniare supported as distinct species by our molecular data. Additionally, we re-describeA. exiguusandA. annulatus, based on recently collected specimens and the holotype. We conclude that four species,A. annulatus,A. coniferus,A. dofleini, andA. exiguusare present in Japanese waters.
Mortality from Surgical Conditions in Children: An Insight from a Tertiary-Level Government Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Tanvir Kabir , Kabir S. M. Humayun , Farooq Md. Abdullah Al , Sarwar Md. Khurshid Alam , Khastagir Rajib , Sajid Md. Minhajuddin
Published: October 2020

Aims: While the developed world has significantly reduced mortality from surgical conditions in children, there is lack of adequate data on the outcome of children’s surgical conditions in the developing world. This study aims at assessing the spectrum of mortalities from children’s surgical conditions in a low-middle income country (LMIC).

Methods: Mortality data were collected for a period of 12 years (2008 to 2019) among 0 to12-year old children to analyse the diseases which had higher mortality trends, age -group specific mortality trends and categorize those according to body system.

Results: Among a total of 30,301 admitted children, 1228 (4.05%) patients died. Among them 53.01% were neonates, 20.28% were infants and 26.71% were children.  Male to female ratio was 1.95:1. Mortality from neonatal surgical conditions was 24.21%. Infant mortality rate was 5.65% and child mortality rate was 1.41%. Neonatal surgical admission and mortality had a higher yearly trend. Anorectal malformation (ARM) was the most common cause of death (12.05%), followed by intestinal obstruction (11.40%) and gastroschisis (8.63%). Tracheo-oesophageal fistula/ oesophageal atresia (TOF/OA) had the highest mortality rate (83.33%), followed by gastroschisis (80.92%) and intestinal atresia (42.535) among the respective admissions. Other important causes of mortality were jejuno-ileal atresia (5.37%), trauma (5.05%), Hirschsprung disease (4.64%), intestinal perforation (4.48%), omphalocele (4.15%), burn (4.07%) and posterior urethral valves (PUV), 3.58%.  

Conclusion: Overall mortality rate was much higher than developed countries and lower than some African countries. Neonatal mortality rate was very high and among them TOF/OA and gastroschisis had extremely high mortality rates.
Increasing Ancestral Diversity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Clinical Studies
Authors: Williams Jessica N. , Dall'Era Maria , Lim S. Sam , Feldman Candace H. , Arntsen Kathleen A. , Blazer Ashira D. , Goode Tawara , Merrill Joan T. , Sheikh Saira , Stevens Anne M. , Lipsky Peter E. , Costenbader Karen H.
Published: October 2020

Non‐White people are more likely to develop systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) yet are underrepresented in SLE clinical trials. The efficacy and safety of drugs may be influenced by ancestry, and ancestrally diverse study populations are necessary to optimize treatments across the full spectrum of patients. However, barriers to entry into clinical trials are amplified in non‐White populations. To address these issues, a conference was held in Bethesda, Maryland, from October 15–16, 2019, entitled “Increasing Ancestral Diversity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Clinical Studies: Overcoming the Barriers.” Conference participants included people with lupus, lupus physicians, lupus clinical trialists, treatment developers from biotechnology, social scientists, patient advocacy groups, and US government representatives (The Office of Minority Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health, and the Food and Drug Administration). For all these groups, the organizers of the conference purposefully included people of non‐White ancestry. Decreased participation of non‐White SLE patients in clinical research was evaluated through historical, societal, experiential, and pragmatic perspectives, and several interventional programs to increase non‐White patient participation in SLE and non‐SLE research were described and discussed. The presentations and discussions highlighted the need for changes at the societal, institutional, research team, referring physician, and patient education levels to achieve equitable ancestral representation in SLE clinical studies.
Gout Flare Severity From the Patient Perspective: A Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Garcia‐Guillen Andrea , Stewart Sarah , Su Isabel , Taylor William J. , Gaffo Angelo L. , Gott Merryn , Slark Julia , Horne Anne , Dalbeth Nicola
Published: October 2020

Objective

The patient experience of a gout flare is multidimensional. To establish the most appropriate methods of flare measurement, there is a need to understand the complete experience of a flare. This qualitative study aimed to examine what factors contribute to the severity of a flare from the patient perspective.

Methods

Face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with patients with gout. Participants were asked to share their experience with their worst gout flare and contrast it to their experience of a less severe or mild flare. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using a reflexive thematic approach.

Results

In total, 22 participants with gout (17 male participants, mean age 66.5 years) were interviewed at an academic center in Auckland, New Zealand. Four key themes were identified as contributing to the severity of a flare: 1) flare characteristics (pain intensity, joint swelling, redness and warmth, duration, and location); 2) impact on function (including walking, activities of daily living, wearing footwear, and sleep); 3) impact on family and social life (dependency on others, social connection, and work); and 4) psychological impact (depression, anxiety, irritability, and sense of control).

Conclusion

A wide range of interconnecting factors contribute to the severity of a gout flare from the patient perspective. Capturing these domains in long‐term gout studies would provide a more meaningful and accurate representation of cumulative flare burden.
In Situ Assembly of MoSx Thin‐Film through Self‐Reduction on p‐Si for Drastic Enhancement of Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Lin Huiwen , Li Sijie , Yang Gaoliang , Zhang Kai , Tang Daiming , Su Yu , Li Yunxiang , Luo Shunqin , Chang Kun , Ye Jinhua
Published: October 2020

Strong coupling between the Si photocathode and a low‐cost cocatalyst is of great significance for enhancing the photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution. Here, a facile method is proposed to in situ assemble amorphous MoSx (a‐MoSx) thin‐film onto a single crystal p‐Si through a self‐reduction mechanism to achieve strong coupling. In the process of self‐reduction, the (MoS4)2− anion is reduced to form a‐MoSx by the oxidation of H–Si to form SiOx, which is etched further to form H–Si again in the hydrofluoric aqueous solution. The cyclic formation of H–Si and SiOx plays a decisive role in the continuous deposition of a‐MoSx and provides a unique way to synthesize metal sulfides. Such a‐MoSx/p‐Si photocathode exhibits an excellent activity, achieving the optimal onset potential of +0.31 VRHE and the current density of −28.2 mA cm−2 at 0 VRHE with a Faradaic efficiency close to 98%, respectively, outperforming the thermally exfoliated 2H‐MoS2 and 1T‐MoS2 cocatalysts on p‐Si and comparable to the previous studies. The proposed method for uniform deposition at room temperature is simple to carry out and can be used for fabricating other Si‐based photoelectrodes.
A Pilot‐Scale Demonstration of Mobile Direct Air Capture Using Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Sadiq Muhammad Munir , Batten Michael P. , Mulet Xavier , Freeman Christopher , Konstas Kristina , Mardel James I. , Tanner Joanne , Ng Derrick , Wang Xingdong , Howard Shaun , Hill Matthew R. , Thornton Aaron W.
Published: October 2020

It is increasingly apparent that negative emissions technologies, such as direct air capture (DAC), are required as part of the technology mix for limiting global atmospheric temperature increase. For all DAC technologies, the requisite energy for regeneration of the separation media strongly influences the overall cost of the process and therefore directly influences their likely implementation. Herein, the results of a pilot‐scale demonstration of a new metal organic framework (MOF) based technology, Airthena, incorporated within a mobile unit for distributed deployment, are reported. Careful preparation of a MOF nanocomposite results in a CO2‐selective sorbent with fine‐tuned kinetic and thermodynamic properties. An optimum regeneration temperature of 80 °C is achieved, along with strong repellence of water vapor during the adsorption process. Taken together, this demonstrator has delivered one of the lowest regeneration energy consumptions, 1.6 kWh kg‐CO2−1 with output purity of 70–80%. This equates to an operational cost of $35–$350 ton‐CO2−1 depending on the source of regeneration energy. Over the duration of the pilot‐scale testing, the demonstrator captures a total of 8 kg of CO2 over 2680 cycles.
Multifunctional Graphene Composites for Electromagnetic Shielding and Thermal Management at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Barani Zahra , Kargar Fariborz , Mohammadzadeh Amirmahdi , Naghibi Sahar , Lo Carissa , Rivera Brandon , Balandin Alexander A.
Published: October 2020

A method for scalable synthesis of epoxy composites with graphene and few‐layer graphene fillers is described, and the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and thermal properties of such composites at elevated temperatures are reported. The tested materials reveal excellent total EMI shielding of SET ≈ 65 dB (≈ 105 dB) at a thickness of 1 mm (≈ 2 mm) in the X‐band frequency range. At higher filler loading fractions, composites reveal a room‐temperature cross‐plane thermal conductivity of 11.2 ± 0.9 Wm−1 K−1, which is a factor of ×41 larger than that of the pristine epoxy. Interestingly, the EMI shielding efficiency improves further as the temperature increases while the thermal conductivity remains approximately constant. The enhancement in the EMI shielding is explained by the temperature dependence of the two electrical conduction mechanisms, electronic band‐type conduction inside the fillers, and hopping conduction between the fillers. The excellent EMI shielding and heat conduction characteristics of such multifunctional graphene composites at high temperatures are promising for packaging applications of microwave components where EMI shielding and thermal management are important design considerations.
Air‐Assisted Transient Synthesis of Metastable Nickel Oxide Boosting Alkaline Fuel Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Liu Chang , Zhou Wei , Zhang Jinfeng , Chen Zelin , Liu Siliang , Zhang Yang , Yang Jiaxing , Xu Lianyong , Hu Wenbin , Chen Yanan , Deng Yida
Published: October 2020

Construction of active and durable non‐noble‐metals based electrocatalysts is one of important requirements for the practical application and development of fuel cells, which are presently inhibited by relative sluggish charge transport and reaction kinetics. Herein, highly dispersed ultrathin carbon‐coated nickel oxide nanoparticles settled on carbon cloth (NiO@C/CC) as efficient catalysts for alkaline fuels oxidation are synthesized via an air‐assisted transient thermal shock strategy. This NiO@C/CC catalyst induces an outstanding catalytic activity (up to 119.1 mA cm−2) and durability (a little current decay during tests) in electrooxidation for ethanol, even for methanol and ethylene glycol, which outperforms most of the reported non‐noble metal catalysts. The excellent catalytic performance of NiO@C/CC is essentially attributed to the oxygen vacancies, high concentration, high‐valence‐state Ni, and carbon layers of NiO@C NPs, which contribute to regulate the surface properties and electronic structure, enhance charge transfer, and provide abundant active sites, promoting adsorption capacity of reactant molecules on its surface. The facile and promising air‐assisted transient thermal shock strategy can be extended to guide rational design and rapid synthesis of transition metal compounds as advanced catalysts for alkaline direct alcohol fuel cells.
Water‐in‐Salt Electrolyte (WiSE) for Aqueous Batteries: A Long Way to Practicality
Authors: Droguet Léa , Grimaud Alexis , Fontaine Olivier , Tarascon Jean‐Marie
Published: October 2020

The sustainability of battery components is becoming a key parameter for storing renewable energy at large scale. Toward that goal, several strategies are currently being explored. Great hopes are placed in the use of superconcentrated aqueous electrolytes, which enlarge the electrochemical stability window well beyond 1.2 V. Although fundamentally elegant, the practicability of such an approach remains unknown. Therefore, an in‐depth analysis of the stability and cycling behavior of water‐in‐salt (WiSE) and water‐in‐bisalt (WiBS) electrolytes as a function of concentration and temperature is carried out by monitoring via combined operando gas monitoring, cyclic voltammetry, and self‐discharge experiments the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth and stability. The SEI formed on the negative electrode is found to not be able to protect the battery against continuous electrolyte degradation through water reduction during both cycling and storage; this inefficiency is increased at elevated temperatures. This result contrasts with the less severe impact of water oxidation. The data are benchmarked against other commercial batteries. It is shown that WiSE‐based batteries in their current form cannot compete with lead‐acid, Ni‐Cd or nickel‐metal hydride commercial aqueous batteries in terms of price, operating temperature range, lifetime, and capacity fading upon storage. So the practical outcome of the superconcentrated aqueous electrolyte remains highly uncertain.
g‐C3N4Derivative Artificial Organic/Inorganic Composite Solid Electrolyte Interphase Layer for Stable Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Ye Shufen , Wang Lifeng , Liu Fanfan , Shi Pengcheng , Wang Haiyun , Wu Xiaojun , Yu Yan
Published: October 2020

Lithium metal anodes are one of the most promising anodes in “next‐generation” rechargeable batteries. However, continuous dendrite growth and interface instability of the anode have prevented practical applications. Constructing an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is an effective way to solve these issues. Herein, an artificial organic/inorganic SEI layer (denoted as N‐organic/Li3N) is designed, consisting of Li2CN2and Li3N phases, to achieve stable cycling of Li metal electrodes. Density functional theory (DFT) results reveal that the N‐organic/Li3N layer with a high Li ionic conductivity can effectively facilitate the transport of Li ions across the electrode surface and lead to uniform Li ionic flux on Li electrodes via strong interactions between Li ions and N‐organic groups, resulting in dendrite‐free Li stripping/plating. The N‐organic/Li3N‐coated Li (denoted as N‐organic/Li3N@Li) anode delivers stable long‐term cycling performance over 1100 h with a fixed areal capacity of 2 mAh cm−2under 1 mA cm−2. A full battery assembled with a LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2(NCM622) cathode displays better long‐term cycle performance when the N‐organic/Li3N@Li composite anode is applied. The advantages of the organic/inorganic artificial SEI provide important insights into the design principles of SEI for lithium metal anodes.
Fertilizing bush beans with locally made compost in a remote subarctic community
Authors: Wilton Meaghan J. , Karagatzides Jim D. , Tsuji Leonard J.S.
Published: October 2020

High latitude communities are cultivating crops to adapt to global warming, and thereby reduce dependency on food importation. To minimize the dependency of imported soil nutrient amendments for crop production, the Indigenous subarctic community of Fort Albany First Nation generated compost using by‐products from the traditional activities of goose harvesting along with other organic waste within the community. The compost was evaluated in a single growing season pot experiment as an amendment for bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by being mixed with the local Terric Haplosaprist edaphic soil that was P and K deficient. Twelve pots growing bush beans were amended with compost at rates ranging from 3 to 30% and with unamended controls. All eight plant metrics (height, aboveground, leaf and bean biomass, quantity of leaves and pods, and individual and summed leaf surface area) showed a significant positive relationship with increasing compost amendments (p ≤ .0025, r2 = .66–.86), suggesting soils with compost attain greater bean yields than unamended soil. A threshold of bean growth was not reached, implying that compost amendments >30% may provide even greater bean yield. However, the application of P and K with the 30% compost addition exceeds recommended rates, suggesting that nutrient availability was hindered. Notwithstanding logistical issues in scaling‐up to amend all gardens in the community, such as improving the compost quality and quantity, composting using Indigenous harvest by‐products and local organic wastes is a promising adaptive food security strategy.
A mini‐review of procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department
Authors: Homma Yosuke , Norii Tatsuya , Kanazawa Takeshi , Hoshino Atsumi , Arino Satoshi , Takase Hiroshi , Albright Danielle , Funakoshi Hiraku ,   Japan Society of Procedural Sedation and Analgesia
Published: October 2020

Procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) is performed for a variety of indications in emergency departments (EDs). Although the practice of PSA in the ED is somewhat unique from other clinical areas, there is currently no guideline for this practice in Japan. Policy statements and guidelines for PSA have been published in Europe and North America. These guidelines suggest first evaluating patients carefully before performing PSA, and then deciding on target sedative level and choice of medications. Patient evaluation requires a combination of continuous visual observation by trained medical staff to assess the depth of sedation and respiration with noninvasive measurements of blood pressure, continuous electrocardiography monitoring, and pulse oximetry. Sedative selection should be based on its characteristics, peak time, effectiveness, and risks. It is important to administer sedatives and analgesics in small, incremental doses while keeping a close eye on the patient’s reaction to avoid adverse events (AEs) until the planned sedation level is reached. Further, additional attention is needed for special populations such as pediatric and elderly patients. PSA is a key element for patient‐centered care in emergency medicine. In this manuscript, we review the available evidence for PSA in the EDs, including guidelines for evaluation, monitoring, pharmacology, AEs, and special populations such as pediatric and elderly patients.
Unlocking Nature's Biosynthetic Power—Metabolic Engineering for the Fermentative Production of Chemicals
Authors: Hoff Birgit , Plassmeier Jens , Blankschien Matthew , Letzel Anne‐Catrin , Kourtz Lauralynn , Schröder Hartwig , Koch Walter , Zelder Oskar
Published: October 2020

Fermentation as a production method for chemicals is especially attractive, as it is based on cheap renewable raw materials and often exhibits advantages in terms of costs and sustainability. The tremendous development of technology in bioscience has resulted in an exponentially increasing knowledge about biological systems and has become the main driver for innovations in the field of metabolic engineering. Progress in recombinant DNA technology, genomics, and computational methods open new, cheaper, and faster ways to metabolically engineer microorganisms. Existing biosynthetic pathways for natural products, such as vitamins, organic acids, amino acids, or secondary metabolites, can be discovered and optimized efficiently, thereby enabling competitive commercial production processes. Novel biosynthetic routes can now be designed by the rearrangement of nature's unlimited number of enzymes and metabolic pathways in microbial strains. This expands the range of chemicals accessible by biotechnology and has yielded the first commercial products, while new fermentation technologies targeting novel active ingredients, commodity chemicals, and CO2‐fixation methods are on the horizon.
The First Bismuth Borosulfates Comprising Oxonium and a Tectosilicate‐Analogous Anion
Authors: Hämmer Matthias , Bayarjargal Lkhamsuren , Höppe Henning A.
Published: October 2020

The first bismuth borosulfate (H3O)Bi[B(SO4)2]4 is only the second featuring a three‐dimensional anion, the first tectosilicate‐analogous borosulfate synthesised solvothermally without a precursor (from Bi(NO3)3⋅5 H2O and B(OH)3 in oleum); moreover, it is the first comprising two differently charged cations and crystallises in a new structure type in space group I
(no. 82) (a=11.857(1), c=8.149(1) Å, 1947 refl., 111 param., wR2=0.037), confirmed by a second harmonic generation (SHG) measurement. The B(SO4)4 supertetrahedra are connected via all four sulfate tetrahedra resulting in a three‐dimensional anion with both H3O+ and Bi3+ cations in channels. Additionally, the crystal structure of a further bismuth borosulfate, Bi2[B2(SO4)6], is elucidated crystallising isotypically to the rare‐earth borosulfates R2[B2(SO4)6] in space group C2/c (No. 15) (a=13.568(2), b=11.490(2), c=11.106(2) Å, 3127 refl., 155 param., wR2=0.035). Moreover, the optical and thermal properties of both compounds are discussed.
Synthesis new Co–Mn mixed oxide catalyst for the production of light olefins by tuning the catalyst structure
Authors: Saheli Sania , Rezvani Ali Reza , Arabshahi Azadeh , Dusek Michal , Samolova Erika , Jarosova Marketa
Published: October 2020

In order to increase the catalyst activity for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS), the preparation methods of two new catalysts were studied. The chemically identical bimetallic Co–Mn/Al2O3 catalysts were synthesized by different synthetic methods: (a) via thermal decomposition of the complex [Co1.33Mn0.667(C7H3NO4)2(H2O)5].2H2O (1) and (b) by the impregnation technique. The complex was characterized by the single‐crystal analysis, elemental analysis, and Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy. Both catalysts were characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (EDS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area, hydrogen temperature‐programmed reduction (H2‐TPR), and H2‐chemisorption. The catalysts' activity was investigated for the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis in a fixed bed microreactor. Higher activity was obtained for the catalyst prepared by thermal decomposition of the inorganic precursor due to its small particle size, superior dispersion, and higher surface area. The results show that the catalyst prepared thermal decomposition has 21% ethylene, 10% propylene, and 50% C5+ selectivity, while methane selectivity of this catalyst is 11% at 250°C. On the other hand, the catalyst obtained by the impregnation method displays 15% ethylene, 8% propylene, 29% C5+, and 29% methane selectivity at the same temperature.
Pre‐specified time synchronization of impulsive complex networks via distributed event‐triggered transmission strategies
Authors: Hai Xudong , Yu Yongguang , Ren Guojian , Xu Conghui , Wu Jiawei
Published: October 2020

In this paper, a class of complex networks with impulsive perturbations is studied. And the problem about pre‐specified time synchronization of networks is considered, in which the settling time is independent of any initial conditions and system parameters. Namely, the settling time can be assigned in advance according to task requirements. Due to that quasi‐synchronous control methods are widely used in practical engineering, the problem about pre‐specified time quasi‐synchronization is also investigated. Based on the linear matrix inequality technique and Lyapunov methods, some sufficient criteria are derived, ensuring pre‐specified time synchronization and pre‐specified time quasi‐synchronization of the controlled systems under the designed event‐triggered transmission strategies. And Zeno behaviors are excluded. Finally, two numerical examples are given to verify the correctness of the main results.
Evaluation of photostability and phototoxicity of esterified derivatives of ubiquinol‐10 and their application as prodrugs of reduced coenzyme Q10 for topical administration
Authors: Setoguchi Shuichi , Nagata‐Akaho Nami , Goto Shotaro , Yamakawa Hirofumi , Watase Daisuke , Terada Kazuki , Koga Mitsuhisa , Matsunaga Kazuhisa , Karube Yoshiharu , Takata Jiro
Published: October 2020

Ubiquinol‐10 (UqH‐10), the fully reduced form of ubiquinone‐10 (Uq‐10, coenzyme Q10), is an antioxidant and is involved in energy production. However, physicochemical disadvantages, such as rapid oxidation, water‐insolubility, photoinstability, and phototoxicity, limit its application. We previously reported that UqH‐10 1,4‐bis‐N,N‐dimethylglycinate improved the oxidation susceptibility and poor bioavailability of UqH‐10 in rats. Herein, we evaluated the photochemical properties of UqH‐esterified derivatives (N,N‐dimethylglycinate, hemi‐succinate, ethylsuccinate, and hemi‐glutarate). Photostability was examined by irradiation using artificial sunlight and monochromatic light. The concentration of each compound was determined using LC–MS/MS. Phototoxicity was assessed by singlet oxygen and superoxide assays. Delivery of UqH‐10 via UqH‐esters to the HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line was determined using LC–MS/MS. UqH‐esters showed higher photostability to artificial sunlight than Uq‐10 and UqH‐10. Uq‐10 and UqH‐10 were rapidly degraded by monochromatic light at 279 nm, whereas UqH‐esters were more stable. UVA and/or UVB irradiation generated high levels of singlet oxygen and superoxide in Uq‐10, whereas UqH‐esters were unreactive. Additionally, UqH‐esters effectively delivered UqH‐10 to HaCaT cells following efficient uptake in their ester forms and ester bond hydrolysis in the cells. In conclusion, UqH‐ester derivatives exhibit higher photostability and lower phototoxicity compared with Uq‐10 and UqH‐10.
Pathways from health beliefs to treatment utilization for severe depression
Authors: Lilly Flavius R. W. , Jun Hyun‐Jin , Alvarez Patty , Owens Jenny , Malloy Lauren , Bruce‐Bojo Meghan , Vidal Carol
Published: October 2020

Background

Untreated depression is associated with negative behavioral, psychosocial, and physical outcomes leading to socioeconomic costs, disability, and premature mortality. Research has not yet fully developed intervention models to increase the utilization of mental health treatments. The objective of the current study was to characterize the pathways linking health beliefs to treatment utilization among depressed young adults.

Methods

Data were collected in 2017 from 53,760 college students at 54 universities in the United States. Among the respondents, 5,343 screened positive for moderately severe to severe depression. Becker's Health Belief Model (HBM) was the guiding theoretical paradigm. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were conducted to elucidate treatment‐seeking behavior based on health beliefs (perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived barriers, self‐efficacy, and cues‐to‐action) while controlling for relevant sociodemographic covariates.

Results

Depression treatment utilization was significantly associated with all domains of the HBM. SEM parameter estimates indicated that higher levels of perceived severity, self‐efficacy, and cues‐to‐action were associated with greater depression treatment utilization, whereas perceived benefits and perceived barriers were associated with lower depression treatment utilization.

Conclusions

The HBM may be useful to predict the frequency of seeking treatment by individuals for depression. However, individualized intervention strategies targeting different aspects of the HBM are needed to promote help‐seeking behaviors in young adults with depression.
What you see is meaningful: Does green advertising change the intentions of consumers to purchase eco‐labeled products?
Authors: Sun Ying , Luo Biao , Wang Shanyong , Fang Wenpei
Published: October 2020

Consumers are increasingly worried that their current consumption patterns have negative environmental impacts, which in turn shapes their green purchase intentions. Based on the signaling theory and stimulus–organism–response model, the purpose of this research is to construct a theoretical framework to understand consumer intentions to buy eco‐labeled products. Empirical results from 671 questionnaires show that as expected, green advertising receptivity positively affects intention, and the relationship between green advertising receptivity and intention is also moderated by promotion focus and mediated by system trust and personal trust. However, the relationship between green advertising receptivity and purchase intention is not moderated by prevention focus. Hence, this research suggests that stakeholders should conduct truthful green advertising campaigns to dispel consumer suspicion and target different consumers with different green advertising and marketing campaigns to increase sales.
The prognostic significance of non‐sentinel lymph node metastasis in cutaneous and acral melanoma patients—A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Sun Wei , Xu Yu , Yang JiLong , Liao ZhiChao , Li Tao , Huang Kai , Patel Poulam , Yan WangJun , Chen Yong
Published: October 2020

Background

Whether non‐sentinel lymph node (SLN)‐positive melanoma patients can benefit from completion lymph node dissection (CLND) is still unclear. The current study was performed to identify the prognostic role of non‐SLN status in SLN‐positive melanoma and to investigate the predictive factors of non‐SLN metastasis in acral and cutaneous melanoma patients.

Methods

The records of 328 SLN‐positive melanoma patients who underwent radical surgery at four cancer centers from September 2009 to August 2017 were reviewed. Clinicopathological data including age, gender, Clark level, Breslow index, ulceration, the number of positive SLNs, non‐SLN status, and adjuvant therapy were included for survival analyses. Patients were followed up until death or June 30, 2019. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was performed to identify factors associated with non‐SLN positivity. Log‐rank analysis and Cox regression analysis were used to identify the prognostic factors for disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results

Among all enrolled patients, 220 (67.1%) had acral melanoma and 108 (32.9%) had cutaneous melanoma. The 5‐year DFS and OS rate of the entire cohort was 31.5% and 54.1%, respectively. More than 1 positive SLNs were found in 123 (37.5%) patients. Positive non‐SLNs were found in 99 (30.2%) patients. Patients with positive non‐SLNs had significantly worse DFS and OS (log‐rank P < 0.001). Non‐SLN status (P = 0.003), number of positive SLNs (P = 0.016), and adjuvant therapy (P = 0.025) were independent prognostic factors for DFS, while non‐SLN status (P = 0.002), the Breslow index (P = 0.027), Clark level (P = 0.006), ulceration (P = 0.004), number of positive SLNs (P = 0.001), and adjuvant therapy (P = 0.007) were independent prognostic factors for OS. The Breslow index (P = 0.020), Clark level (P = 0.012), and number of positive SLNs (P = 0.031) were independently related to positive non‐SLNs and could be used to develop more personalized surgical strategy.

Conclusions

Non‐SLN‐positive melanoma patients had worse DFS and OS even after immediate CLND than those with non‐SLN‐negative melanoma. The Breslow index, Clark level, and number of positive SLNs were independent predictive factors for non‐SLN status.
Prospective validation of the SCAI shock classification: Single center analysis
Authors: Baran David A. , Long Ashleigh , Badiye Amit P. , Stelling Kelly
Published: October 2020

Background

The Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) Shock Classification has been retrospectively validated by several groups. We sought to prospectively study outcomes of consecutive patients with reference to initial SCAI Shock Stage and therapeutic strategy as well as 24 hr SCAI Shock Stage reassessment.

Methods

Kaplan Meier method was used to describe survival and Cox Proportional hazards modeling used to assess predictors of survival.

Results

Over an 18‐month period, 166 patients were referred for evaluation. Demographics, hemodynamics, and most laboratory findings were similar between SCAI stages, which were assigned by the team. Initial SCAI Stage was a strong predictor of survival. Thirty‐day survival was 100, 65.4, 44.2, and 60% for patients with initial SCAI shock stage B, C, D, and E respectively (p = .0004). Age and initial SCAI Shock Stage were shown to be the strongest predictors of survival by Cox proportional hazards. Mode of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) or lack of such was not a predictor of outcome. Shock stage at 24 hr was also examined. Thirty‐day survival was 100, 96.7, 66.9, 21.6, and 6.2% for patients with 3–4 SCAI stage improvement, 2 stage improvement, 1 stage improvement, no change in SCAI stage and worsening of SCAI stage respectively (p < .0001).

Conclusions

Initial SCAI Shock stage predicts the survival of unselected patients with a variety of MCS interventions and medical therapy alone. The 24‐hr reassessment of shock stage further refines the prognosis.
Dendritic Oligoglycerol Regioisomer Mixtures and Their Utility for Membrane Protein Research
Authors: Urner Leonhard H. , Goltsche Katharina , Selent Marleen , Liko Idlir , Schweder Marc‐Philip , Robinson Carol V. , Pagel Kevin , Haag Rainer
Published: October 2020

Dendrons are an important class of macromolecules that can be used for a broad range of applications. Recent studies have indicated that mixtures of oligoglycerol detergent (OGD) regioisomers are superior to individual regioisomers for protein extraction. The origin of this phenomenon remains puzzling. Here we discuss the synthesis and characterization of dendritic oligoglycerol regioisomer mixtures and their implementation into detergents. We provide experimental benchmarks to support quality control after synthesis and investigate the unusual utility of OGD regioisomer mixtures for extracting large protein quantities from biological membranes. We anticipate that our findings will enable the development of mixed detergent platforms in the future.