bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Fli-1 Transcription Factor Regulates the Expression of CCL5/RANTES
Authors: Lennard Richard Mara L. , Sato Shuzo , Suzuki Eiji , Williams Sarah , Nowling Tamara K. , Zhang Xian K.
Published: August 2014

The friend leukemia insertion site 1 (Fli-1) transcription factor, an Ets family member, is implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus in human patients and murine models of lupus. Lupus-prone mice with reduced Fli-1 expression have significantly less nephritis, prolonged survival, and decreased infiltrating inflammatory cells into the kidney. Inflammatory chemokines, including CCL5, are critical for attracting inflammatory cells. In this study, decreased CCL5 mRNA expression was observed in kidneys of lupus-prone NZM2410 mice with reduced Fli-1 expression. CCL5 protein expression was significantly decreased in endothelial cells transfected with Fli-1–specific small interfering RNA compared with controls. Fli-1 binds to endogenous Ets binding sites in the distal region of the CCL5 promoter. Transient transfection assays demonstrate that Fli-1 drives transcription from the CCL5 promoter in a dose-dependent manner. Both Ets1, another Ets family member, and Fli-1 drive transcription from the CCL5 promoter, although Fli-1 transactivation was significantly stronger. Ets1 acts as a dominant-negative transcription factor for Fli-1, indicating that they may have at least one DNA binding site in common. Systematic deletion of DNA binding sites demonstrates the importance of the sites located within a 225-bp region of the promoter. Mutation of the Fli-1 DNA binding domain significantly reduces transactivation of the CCL5 promoter by Fli-1. We identified a novel regulator of transcription for CCL5. These results suggest that Fli-1 is a novel and critical regulator of proinflammatory chemokines and affects the pathogenesis of disease through the regulation of factors that recruit inflammatory cells to sites of inflammation.
The MHC Class II Cofactor HLA-DM Interacts with Ig in B Cells
Authors: Macmillan Henriette , Strohman Michael J. , Ayyangar Sashi , Jiang Wei , Rajasekaran Narendiran , Spura Armin , Hessell Ann J. , Madec Anne-Marie , Mellins Elizabeth D.
Published: August 2014

B cells internalize extracellular Ag into endosomes using the Ig component of the BCR. In endosomes, Ag-derived peptides are loaded onto MHC class II proteins. How these pathways intersect remains unclear. We find that HLA-DM (DM), a catalyst for MHC class II peptide loading, coprecipitates with Ig in lysates from human tonsillar B cells and B cell lines. The molecules in the Ig/DM complexes have mature glycans, and the complexes colocalize with endosomal markers in intact cells. A larger fraction of Ig precipitates with DM after BCR crosslinking, implying that complexes can form when DM meets endocytosed Ig. In vitro, in the endosomal pH range, soluble DM directly binds the Ig Fab domain and increases levels of free Ag released from immune complexes. Taken together, these results argue that DM and Ig intersect in the endocytic pathway of B cells with potential functional consequences.
Activated CD8+ T Cells Induce Expansion of Vβ5+ Regulatory T Cells via TNFR2 Signaling
Authors: Joedicke Jara J. , Myers Lara , Carmody Aaron B. , Messer Ronald J. , Wajant Harald , Lang Karl S. , Lang Philipp A. , Mak Tak W. , Hasenkrug Kim J. , Dittmer Ulf
Published: August 2014

Vβ5+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are specific for a mouse endogenous retroviral superantigen, become activated and proliferate in response to Friend virus (FV) infection. We previously reported that FV-induced expansion of this Treg subset was dependent on CD8+ T cells and TNF-α, but independent of IL-2. We now show that the inflammatory milieu associated with FV infection is not necessary for induction of Vβ5+ Treg expansion. Rather, it is the presence of activated CD8+ T cells that is critical for their expansion. The data indicate that the mechanism involves signaling between the membrane-bound form of TNF-α on activated CD8+ T cells and TNFR2 on Tregs. CD8+ T cells expressing membrane-bound TNF-α but no soluble TNF-α remained competent to induce strong Vβ5+ Treg expansion in vivo. In addition, Vβ5+ Tregs expressing only TNFR2 but no TNFR1 were still responsive to expansion. Finally, treatment of naive mice with soluble TNF-α did not induce Vβ5+ Treg expansion, but treatment with a TNFR2-specific agonist did. These results reveal a new mechanism of intercellular communication between activated CD8+ T cell effectors and Tregs that results in the activation and expansion of a Treg subset that subsequently suppresses CD8+ T cell functions.
Selective Phosphorylation of the Dlg1AB Variant Is Critical for TCR-Induced p38 Activation and Induction of Proinflammatory Cytokines in CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Crocetti Jillian , Silva Oscar , Humphries Lisa A. , Tibbs Michelle D. , Miceli M. Carrie
Published: August 2014

CD8+ T cells respond to TCR stimulation by producing proinflammatory cytokines, and destroying infected or malignant cells through the production and release of cytotoxic granules. Scaffold protein Discs large homolog 1 (Dlg1) specifies TCR-dependent functions by channeling proximal signals toward the activation of p38-dependent proinflammatory cytokine gene expression and/or p38-independent cytotoxic granule release. Two Dlg1 variants are expressed in CD8+ T cells via alternative splicing, Dlg1AB and Dlg1B, which have differing abilities coordinate TCR-dependent functions. Although both variants facilitate p38-independent cytotoxicity, only Dlg1AB coordinates p38-dependent proinflammatory cytokine expression. In this study, we identify TCR-induced Dlg1 tyrosine phosphorylation as a key regulatory step required for Dlg1AB-mediated p38-dependent functions, including proinflammatory cytokine expression. We find that Dlg1AB but not Dlg1B is tyrosine phosphorylated by proximal tyrosine kinase Lck in response to TCR stimulation. Furthermore, we identify Dlg1 tyrosine 222 (Y222) as a major site of Dlg1 phosphorylation required for TCR-triggered p38 activation and NFAT-dependent expression of proinflammatory cytokines, but not for p38-independent cytotoxicity. Taken together, our data support a model where TCR-induced phosphorylation of Dlg1 Y222 is a key point of control that endows Dlg1AB with the ability to coordinate p38 activation and proinflammatory cytokine production. We propose blocking Dlg1AB phosphorylation as a novel therapeutic target to specifically block proinflammatory cytokine production but not cytotoxicity.
An innovative approach to reducing pain in patients with peripheral neuropathy related to HIV: A single case study
Authors: Benjamin Natalie A. , Jelsma Jennifer
Published: August 2014

Introduction: Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is the most common neurological condition seen in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and has been estimated to be present in up to 30% of people with AIDS. Prevalence may be increasing as it appears to be related to the use of antiretroviral therapy in many cases, particularly medication containing stavudine. It is often characterised by burning and numbness in the feet. It can interfere severely with function and sufferers resort to a large number of strategies in an attempt to reduce pain.Case presentation: A 50-year-old man presented with severe PN and showed symptoms of extreme weakness and sensitivity of both lower limbs. His symptoms gradually worsened over a period of 18 months to such an extent that he was unable to walk. Medication had no effect on his pain or related symptoms. The authors tested the use of a Vibromat clinical vibrator to treat his PN symptoms. The patient was treated using the same modality for five evenly spaced (monthly) sessions.Outcome: The patient showed marked improvement in pain, numbness and pins and needles symptoms after the first session. He was able to walk a short distance with assistance. Treatment was continued and after the third session he was able to walk unaided. Symptom relief was maintained for 4 months.Conclusion: This is the first case demonstrating the use of the Vibromat in successfully treating the signs and symptoms of PN. This is important for clinicians who manage patients with HIV-related PN and pain.
Australia
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2014

This study relates Australian household saving more closely to movements in asset market using event study analysis and econometric analysis. In this study, the policy challenges for Australia from rebalancing in China, a temporary growth slowdown in China, and a recession in advanced countries are analyzed. The Globally Integrated Monetary and Fiscal Model (GIMF) is used for policy challenges. The impact of the mining boom on the Australian labor market is also discussed in this paper.
Qatar
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Published: August 2014

Qatar has recently taken steps toward introducing a medium-term budget framework (MTBF) to enhance the predictability of spending decisions in the country. However, implementing medium-term fiscal planning requires formal procedural fiscal rules and parallel efforts to enhance the credibility of the annual budget. Given Qatar’s significant exposure to hydrocarbon price movements and its long-lasting hydrocarbon reserves, such fiscal rules would need a certain degree of flexibility and, at the same time, should be set to maintain consistency with long-term fiscal sustainability.
Using O2 to study the relationships between soil CO2 efflux and soil respiration
Authors: Angert A. , Yakir D. , Rodeghiero M. , Preisler Y. , Davidson E. A. , Weiner T.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Soil respiration, is the sum of respiration processes in the soil, and is a major flux in the global carbon cycle. It is usually assumed that the CO2 efflux is equal to the soil respiration rate. Here we challenge this assumption by combining measurements of CO2 with high-precision measurements of O2. These measurements were conducted on different ecosystems and soil types, and included measurements of air-samples taken from the soil profile of three Mediterranean sites, a temperate forest, and two alpine forests. Root-free soils from the alpine sites were also incubated at the lab. We found that the ratio between the CO2 efflux to the O2 influx (which we defined as apparent respiratory quotient, ARQ) was in the range of 0.14 to 1.23, which strongly deviates from 0.9 ± 0.1, which is the ratio expected from the elemental composition of average plants and soil organic matter. At the Mediterranean sites these deviations were explained as a result of CO2 dissolution in the soil water and transformation to bi-carbonate in these high pH soils, and by carbonates dissolution and precipitation processes. Thus, correct estimate of the short-term, chamber-based biological respiratory flux in such soils can only be made by dividing the measured CO2 efflux by the average (efflux weighted) soil profile ARQ. We demonstrated that applying this approach to a semiarid pine forest resulted in estimated short-term respiration rate 3.8 times higher than the chamber-measured surface CO2 efflux (8.8 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1 instead of 2.3 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1, at the time of measurement). The ARQ values that were often found for the more acidic soils were lower than 0.7, and hence surprising. These values might be the result of the oxidation of reduced iron, which could previously form during times of high soil moisture and local anaerobic conditions inside aggregates. Further research is needed to confirm that low ARQ found in non-calcareous soils, is the result of this process, which can cause additional temporal decoupling between gas fluxes and soil respiration.
Automatic Detection and Feature Estimation of Windows for Refining Building Facades in 3D Urban Point Clouds
Authors: Aijazi A.K , Checchin P. , Trassoudaine L.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. This paper presents a method that automatically detects windows of different shapes, in 3D LiDAR point clouds obtained from mobile terrestrial data acquisition systems in the urban environment. The proposed method first segments out 3D points belonging to the building façade from the 3D urban point cloud and then projects them onto a 2D plane parallel to the building façade. After point inversion within a watertight boundary, windows are segmented out based on geometrical information. The window features/parameters are then estimated exploiting both symmetrically corresponding windows in the façade as well as temporally corresponding windows in successive passages, based on analysis of variance measurements. This unique fusion of information not only accommodates for lack of symmetry but also helps complete missing features due to occlusions. The estimated windows are then used to refine the 3D point cloud of the building façade. The results, evaluated on real data using different standard evaluation metrics, demonstrate the efficacy as well as the technical prowess of the method.
A flexible methodology for outdoor/indoor building reconstruction from occluded point clouds
Authors: Previtali M. , Scaioni M. , Barazzetti L. , Brumana R.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Terrestrial Laser Scanning data are increasingly used in building survey not only in cultural heritage domain but also for as-built modelling of large and medium size civil structures. However, raw point clouds derived from laser scanning generally not directly ready for the generation of such models. A time-consuming manual modelling phase has to be taken into account. In addition the large presence of occlusion and clutter may turn out in low-quality building models when state-of-the-art automatic modelling procedures are applied. This paper presents an automated procedure to convert raw point clouds into semantically-enriched building models. The developed method mainly focuses on a geometrical complexity typical of modern buildings with clear prevalence of planar features A characteristic of this methodology is the possibility to work with outdoor and indoor building environments. In order to operate under severe occlusions and clutter a couple of completion algorithms were designed to generate a plausible and reliable model. Finally, some examples of the developed modelling procedure are presented and discussed.
Pose Estimation of Web-Shared Landscape Pictures
Authors: Produit T. , Tuia D. , Lepetit V. , Golay F.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. We propose a robust method for registering high oblique images of landscapes. Typically, an input image can be registered by matching it against a set of registered images of the same location. While this has been shown to work very well for images of popular urban landmarks, registering landscape images remains a very challenging task: For a given place, only a very small amount of registered images is generally already available on photo-sharing platforms. Moreover, the appearance of landscapes can vary drastically depending on the season and the weather conditions. For these two reasons, matching the input images with registered images in a reliable way remains a challenging task. Our contribution is two-fold: first, we show how to estimate the camera orientation for images with GPS data using a novel algorithm for horizon matching based on Dynamic Time Warping. The proposed algorithm exploits an elevation model. Each image is processed independently from the others, there is therefore no need neither for image matching or for a large set of images. This step provides a set of reliable, fully registered images. Second, and in odrer to register new images with no GPS data available, we first ask the user to provide an approximate image localization on a 2D map. Then, we exploit this prior on the camera location to efficiently and robustly constrain and guide the matching process used to register the query image. We apply our method to a case study from the Zermatt area in Southern Switzerland, and show that the method provides registrations, which are accurate enough to map each pixel to an aerial map.
Multi-view 3D circular target reconstruction with uncertainty analysis
Authors: Soheilian B. , Brédif M.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. The paper presents an algorithm for reconstruction of 3D circle from its apparition in n images. It supposes that camera poses are known up to an uncertainty. They will be considered as observations and will be refined during the reconstruction process. First, circle apparitions will be estimated in every individual image from a set of 2D points using a constrained optimization. Uncertainty of 2D points are propagated in 2D ellipse estimation and leads to covariance matrix of ellipse parameters. In 3D reconstruction process ellipse and camera pose parameters are considered as observations with known covariances. A minimal parametrization of 3D circle enables to model the projection of circle in image without any constraint. The reconstruction is performed by minimizing the length of observation residuals vector in a non linear Gauss-Helmert model. The output consists in parameters of the corresponding circle in 3D and their covariances. The results are presented on simulated data.
A Group-Lasso Active Set Strategy for Multiclass Hyperspectral Image Classification
Authors: Tuia D. , Courty N. , Flamary R.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Hyperspectral images have a strong potential for landcover/landuse classification, since the spectra of the pixels can highlight subtle differences between materials and provide information beyond the visible spectrum. Yet, a limitation of most current approaches is the hypothesis of spatial independence between samples: images are spatially correlated and the classification map should exhibit spatial regularity. One way of integrating spatial smoothness is to augment the input spectral space with filtered versions of the bands. However, open questions remain, such as the selection of the bands to be filtered, or the filterbank to be used. In this paper, we consider the entirety of the possible spatial filters by using an incremental feature learning strategy that assesses whether a candidate feature would improve the model if added to the current input space. Our approach is based on a multiclass logistic classifier with group-lasso regularization. The optimization of this classifier yields an optimality condition, that can easily be used to assess the interest of a candidate feature without retraining the model, thus allowing drastic savings in computational time. We apply the proposed method to three challenging hyperspectral classification scenarios, including agricultural and urban data, and study both the ability of the incremental setting to learn features that always improve the model and the nature of the features selected.
Semantic 3D scene interpretation: A framework combining optimal neighborhood size selection with relevant features
Authors: Weinmann M. , Jutzi B. , Mallet C.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. 3D scene analysis by automatically assigning 3D points a semantic label has become an issue of major interest in recent years. Whereas the tasks of feature extraction and classification have been in the focus of research, the idea of using only relevant and more distinctive features extracted from optimal 3D neighborhoods has only rarely been addressed in 3D lidar data processing. In this paper, we focus on the interleaved issue of extracting relevant, but not redundant features and increasing their distinctiveness by considering the respective optimal 3D neighborhood of each individual 3D point. We present a new, fully automatic and versatile framework consisting of four successive steps: (i) optimal neighborhood size selection, (ii) feature extraction, (iii) feature selection, and (iv) classification. In a detailed evaluation which involves 5 different neighborhood definitions, 21 features, 6 approaches for feature subset selection and 2 different classifiers, we demonstrate that optimal neighborhoods for individual 3D points significantly improve the results of scene interpretation and that the selection of adequate feature subsets may even further increase the quality of the derived results.
Building modeling from noisy photogrammetric point clouds
Authors: Xiong B. , Oude Elberink S. , Vosselman G.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. The Multi-View Stereo (MVS) technology has improved significantly in the last decade, providing a much denser and more accurate point cloud than before. The point cloud now becomes a valuable data for modelling the LOD2 buildings. However, it is still not accurate enough to replace the lidar point cloud. Its relative high level of noise prevents the accurate interpretation of roof faces, e.g. one planar roof face has uneven surface of points therefore is segmented into many parts. The derived roof topology graphs are quite erroneous and cannot be used to model the buildings using the current methods based on roof topology graphs. We propose a parameter-free algorithm to robustly and precisely derive roof structures and building models. The points connecting roof segments are searched and grouped as structure points and structure boundaries, accordingly presenting the roof corners and boundaries. Their geometries are computed by the plane equations of their attached roof segments. If data available, the algorithm guarantees complete building structures in noisy point clouds and meanwhile achieves global optimized models. Experiments show that, when comparing to the roof topology graph based methods, the novel algorithm achieves consistent quality for both lidar and photogrammetric point clouds. But the new method is fully automatic and is a good alternative for the model-driven method when the processing time is important.
Shape distribution features for point cloud analysis – a geometric histogram approach on multiple scales
Authors: Blomley R. , Weinmann M. , Leitloff J. , Jutzi B.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Due to ever more efficient and accurate laser scanning technologies, the analysis of 3D point clouds has become an important task in modern photogrammetry and remote sensing. To exploit the full potential of such data for structural analysis and object detection, reliable geometric features are of crucial importance. Since multiscale approaches have proved very successful for image-based applications, efforts are currently made to apply similar approaches on 3D point clouds. In this paper we analyse common geometric covariance features, pinpointing some severe limitations regarding their performance on varying scales. Instead, we propose a different feature type based on shape distributions known from object recognition. These novel features show a very reliable performance on a wide scale range and their results in classification outnumber covariance features in all tested cases.
Optimal parameter selection for intensity-based multi-sensor data registration
Authors: Parmehr E. G. , Fraser C. S. , Zhang C. , Leach J.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Accurate co-registration of multi-sensor data is a primary step in data integration for photogrammetric and remote sensing applications. A proven intensity-based registration approach is Mutual Information (MI). However the effectiveness of MI for automated registration of multi-sensor remote sensing data can be impacted to the point of failure by its non-monotonic convergence surface. Since MI-based methods rely on joint probability density functions (PDF) for the datasets, errors in PDF estimation can directly affect the MI value. Certain PDF parameter values, such as the bin-size of the joint histogram and the smoothing kernel, need to be assigned in advance, since they play a key role in forming the convergence surface. The lack of a general approach to the assignment of these parameter values for various data types reduces both the automation level and the robustness of registration. This paper proposes a new approach for selection of optimal parameter values for PDF estimation in MI-based registration of optical imagery to LiDAR point clouds. The proposed method determines the best parameters for PDF estimation via an analysis of the relationship between similarity measure values of the data and the adopted geometric transformation in order to achieve the optimal registration reliability. The performance of the proposed parameter selection method is experimentally evaluated and the obtained results are compared with those achieved through a feature-based registration method.
La réforme des soins primaires de santé mentale au Québec et le rôle et les stratégies de coordination des omnipraticiens
Authors: Fleury Marie-Josée
Published: August 2014

Les systèmes sociosanitaire et de santé mentale au Québec ont été substantiellement transformés dans les dernières années. Au coeur des restructurations, les réformes ont visé la consolidation des soins primaires et une meilleure intégration du dispositif de soins, tendances centrales des réformes sur le plan international. Cet article résume les principaux axes de transformation des réformes du système sociosanitaire et de la santé mentale au Québec. Il présente aussi le rôle clé des omnipraticiens dans la prise en charge des troubles mentaux et les stratégies de coordination déployées. Les réformes visent principalement l’intensification du travail en réseau des omnipraticiens avec les intervenants psychosociaux et les psychiatres. L’article conclut sur l’importance d’optimiser le déploiement de réseaux intégrés de soins et de bonnes pratiques en santé mentale. Par ailleurs, les réformes devraient toujours être accompagnées de mesures et de stratégies d’implantation à juste titre aussi ambitieuses que les changements planifiés !
La santé mentale jeunesse : un domaine à la croisée des chemins
Authors: Rousseau Cécile , Nadeau Lucie , Pontbriand Annie , Johnson-Lafleur Janique , Measham Toby , Broadhurst Joanna
Published: August 2014

Si l’importance grandissante de la santé mentale des jeunes fait consensus, de multiples questionnements émergent cependant quant aux spécificités de ce domaine, qui ne peut être conçu comme une extension des services adultes pour des groupes plus jeunes. Cet article aborde ces questionnements en croisant les savoirs provenant de la documentation et ceux qui émergent à la suite de l’implantation du Plan d’action en santé mentale au Québec.

Le Plan d’action en santé mentale a mis de l’avant la collaboration et le partenariat entre institutions et disciplines. Malgré des avancées significatives, des discontinuités peu favorables à une prise en charge écosystémique persistent. Un ensemble de recherches récentes suggère que les contextes organisationnels qui encadrent les services influencent à la fois la façon dont les interventions sont mises en place et leurs résultats cliniques. Une structure de gestion flexible qui engage les intervenants en favorisant une appropriation du pouvoir, tout en minimisant les sources de stress au travail et en facilitant la création de partenariats, semble nécessaire pour favoriser la concertation interdisciplinaire et intersectorielle. Celle-ci est essentielle à la mise en place de services en santé mentale jeunesse.
La pratique infirmière avancée : un choix qui s’impose pour la qualité des soins et services en santé mentale
Authors: Ricard Nicole , Page Claire , Laflamme France
Published: August 2014

La refonte des lois professionnelles et la réorganisation des services en santé mentale ont eu une influence significative sur la pratique infirmière en santé mentale au Québec. De nombreuses infirmières ont fait preuve de leadership clinique et ont su adapter leurs services aux besoins de la population selon les nouveaux milieux de soins de proximité. Cependant, plusieurs sont d’avis que le rôle des infirmières n’est pas suffisamment connu et mis à profit pour contribuer de façon optimale à l’offre de services en santé mentale. Ainsi, cet article porte un regard critique sur la pratique infirmière en santé mentale au Québec et les conditions essentielles à son évolution. Il vise à : 1) décrire les tendances actuelles qui caractérisent l’évolution des rôles et la modernisation de la pratique infirmière en santé mentale au Québec ; 2) offrir un aperçu de l’évolution de la pratique infirmière avancée en santé mentale (PIA-SM) et de ses retombées sur la qualité des services ; 3) clarifier le concept de PIA et situer son évolution au Québec ; et 4) proposer diverses stratégies visant à optimiser le rôle des infirmières et leur complémentarité avec les autres professionnels dans l’offre de services en santé mentale. Les progrès en cours sont illustrés par des exemples de pratiques innovantes développées par des infirmières québécoises dans le contexte de la restructuration des services de santé. Les données quant à l’évolution de la PIA-SM aux États-Unis et en Australie indiquent qu’il existe encore de nombreux défis liés à l’implantation réussie de ce nouveau rôle. Toutefois, il se dégage, de la majorité des études, un consensus de plus en plus important quant à la contribution de la PIA-SM pour améliorer la qualité et l’accessibilité des soins en santé mentale. La réforme des services de santé mentale au Québec s’avère donc être un moment propice pour développer et soutenir la PIA-SM et en retirer les bénéfices attendus.
Participation publique et participation citoyenne des personnes utilisatrices de services en lien avec le Plan d’action en santé mentale 2005-2010 : leur rôle de porte-parole
Authors: Pelletier Jean-François , D’Auteuil Sylvain , Ducasse Christian , Rodriguez del Barrio Lourdes
Published: August 2014

Le Plan d’action en santé mentale 2005-2010 (PASM) en appelait à une plus grande participation des personnes utilisatrices de services de santé mentale aux instances locales, régionales et nationales du réseau de la santé et des services sociaux du Québec. Cet article propose un regard rétrospectif sur cette participation en lien avec le PASM. Il emprunte diverses perspectives pour faire ressortir des convergences et des tendances en se basant sur des écrits gouvernementaux et sur des recherches en cours sur la participation des usagers à de telles instances. Au cours de la période couverte, la fonction de porte-parole assumée par les individus concernés s’est complexifiée, particulièrement avec l’évolution d’une parole s’exprimant à la première personne du singulier, puis à la première personne du pluriel. La notion de participation publique a ainsi pavé la voie à celle de participation citoyenne. Les conditions et modalités de participation pourraient cependant être mieux définies et plus prévisibles.
Services de santé mentale en Australie
Authors: Kisely Steve , Lesage Alain
Published: August 2014

Depuis 1992, quatre stratégies en santé mentale se sont succédé avec pour buts de promouvoir la santé mentale, d’augmenter la qualité des services et de forger une approche cohérente concernant la réforme du système de santé mentale dans tous les États et territoires australiens. Ces cycles systématiques de planification ont permis le passage d’un système dominé par les hôpitaux psychiatriques à un système de services dans la communauté. Les budgets en santé mentale se sont accrus, mais se sont réduits avant de s’accroître avec un ambitieux programme d’accès équitable à la psychothérapie, fondé sur un paiement à l’acte des psychologues après une référence des médecins de famille. Plus récemment, le développement de services pour les jeunes psychotiques a soulevé des craintes d’abandon des patients plus âgés et de réduction des budgets, d’autant plus qu’avec un excès de mortalité de ces derniers, la discrimination des services n’est pas résolue. Il demeure une disparité pour les peuples autochtones. La création récente d’une commission de la santé mentale marque un rôle accru de la participation des usagers et familles, de même qu’une surveillance indépendante continue de la performance du système de santé mentale australien.
Une réforme globale des soins en santé mentale basée sur une approche communautaire : l’expérience belge
Authors: Jacob Bernard , Macquet Donatien , Natalis Stéphanie
Published: August 2014

Les évolutions qui ont marqué les soins en santé mentale en Belgique ces dernières années montrent qu’un certain nombre de jalons importants sont d’ores et déjà posés vers la mise en place des soins orientés vers la communauté. Nous vivons, actuellement, en Belgique, un moment que l’on peut qualifier d’historique, tant la réforme qui est proposée est ambitieuse mais aussi complexe.

En effet, on parle d’une réforme globale des soins en santé mentale qui associe dans un même mouvement les compétences fédérales, régionales et communautaires.

Elle a pour but de transformer une partie de l’offrehospitalière en une offre de soins orientée dans lacommunauté par, notamment, la créationd’équipes mobiles qui prendront place dans le dispositifcommunautaire déjà existant.

Dans le même temps, nous développons l’approche opérationnelle du travail en réseau organisé autour des besoins des usagers et de leur entourage.

Dans cet article, nous proposons de décrire le contenu de cette réforme, ses mécanismes et ses acteurs. Nous présentons l’état d’avancement de la phase exploratoire en insistant sur des aspects positifs qui mettent en avant le caractère évolutif de notre démarche mais aussi des difficultés que nous rencontrons dans sa mise en place.
Attitudes des médecins omnipraticiens et des résidents en médecine familiale à l’endroit des personnes souffrant d’un trouble de personnalité limite
Authors: Imbeau Dominique , Bouchard Sébastien , Terradas Miguel M. , Simard Valérie
Published: August 2014

Plusieurs études suggèrent que les professionnels de la santé entretiennent des attitudes négatives à l’égard des personnes présentant un trouble de personnalité limite (TPL). Cette recherche vise à évaluer les attitudes des omnipraticiens et des résidents en médecine familiale à l’endroit des personnes présentant ce trouble. Quarante résidents en médecine familiale et trente-cinq omnipraticiens ont été comparés à trente-neuf professionnels de la santé mentale à l’aide de l’Échelle d’attitudes à l’égard des personnes présentant un TPL (ÉA-TPL ; Bouchard, 2001). Les résultats démontrent que les omnipraticiens et les résidents en médecine familiale endosseraient des attitudes similaires à celles des professionnels de la santé mentale envers les personnes présentant ce trouble et que moins les cliniciens sont expérimentés, moins ils auraient tendance à présenter des attitudes positives à l’égard des personnes ayant un TPL.
Évaluation de l’implantation d’un nouveau protocole de garde en établissement : profil de la clientèle, audit de dossiers et recommandations
Authors: LeBlanc Line
Published: August 2014

Les difficultés d’application des réformes législatives visant à réduire l’hospitalisation involontaire des personnes qui présentent un danger pour elles-mêmes ou pour autrui ont été soulevées dans de nombreux rapports, tant au Québec qu’ailleurs. Pour aplanir ces difficultés, un nouveau protocole de garde en établissement a été élaboré et implanté dans la région de l’Outaouais. La présente étude a pour but d’évaluer son implantation et ce faisant, établir le profil des personnes mises sous garde en établissement. Les résultats indiquent que la majorité de ces personnes sont aux prises avec des troubles mentaux graves et que les professionnels perçoivent positivement le nouveau protocole, sans toutefois faire le nécessaire pour consigner de façon rigoureuse les données dans les formulaires requis. Il est recommandé de non seulement informer les professionnels sur la procédure légale, mais aussi s’assurer que la structure organisationnelle est propice à son implantation.
Pour nous, être citoyens à part entière, ça veut dire…
Authors: Pelletier Jean-François , Fortin Denise , Bordeleau Julie
Published: August 2014

L’un des quatre principaux chapitres du document de consultation proposé par le ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux du Québec, en préparation du Forum national sur le Plan d’action en santé mentale 2014-2020, est consacré au plein exercice de la citoyenneté. Ce témoignage est le fruit d’un dialogue tenu entre la direction générale d’un institut universitaire en santé mentale québécois et d’un groupe de personnes utilisatrices de services qui prennent part au Projet citoyen au Centre de recherche de ce même institut. Les résultats préliminaires de la validation d’une nouvelle mesure de la citoyenneté ont été utilisés pour structurer et faire progresser ce dialogue. Cette étude de cas illustre une façon de trianguler des données issues d’une recherche participative et au sein de laquelle des personnes utilisatrices de services de santé mentale ont été des partenaires de recherche à part entière. Ces pairs assistants de recherche ont notamment assumé la collecte des données auprès de 178 autres personnes utilisatrices de services de santé mentale qui ont répondu à l’échelle de la citoyenneté. Ils ont aussi animé des groupes de discussion autour des résultats préliminaires, notamment pour donner des étiquettes aux domaines émergeant des premières analyses statistiques. Ils ont ensuite dialogué avec la directrice générale venue tremper dans le Projet citoyen, et ce témoignage reflète la teneur de ce dialogue.
Holocene slip rate along the Gyaring Co Fault, central Tibet
Authors: Shi Xuhua , Kirby Eric , Lu Haijian , Robinson Ruth , Furlong Kevin P. , Wang Erchie
Published: August 2014

Although geodetic measurements of interseismic deformation in interior Tibet suggest slow strain accumulation, active slip along the right‐lateral Gyaring Co Fault is suggested to be between 8 and 21 mm/yr. Reliable geologic constraints on the slip rate along this fault are sparse. Here we document 12 ± 2 m of right‐lateral displacement of lacustrine shorelines across the Gyaring Co Fault. Optically stimulated luminescence ages of the shorelines are tightly clustered between 4.1 and 4.4 ka. These data require an average slip rate of 2.2–3.2 mm/yr along the central Gyaring Co Fault during the latter half of the Holocene. Consideration of seismic cycle effects allows the possibility of slightly higher average slip rates, up to 2.2–4.5 mm/yr. Overall, our results suggest that the slip rate along the Gyaring Co Fault is similar to other strike‐slip faults in interior Tibet, supporting the notion that active deformation in this region is distributed among numerous, slowly moving faults.
Changes in drought risk over the contiguous United States (1901–2012): The influence of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans
Authors: Kam Jonghun , Sheffield Justin , Wood Eric F.
Published: August 2014

We assess uncertainties in the influence of sea surface temperatures on annual meteorological droughts over the contiguous U.S. within a Bayesian approach. Observational data for 1901–2012 indicate that a negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) elevated annual drought risk over the southern U.S., such that the 4 year return period event becomes a 3 year event, while a positive phase of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation has a weak influence. In recent decades, the impacts of the negative phases of the PDO and ENSO on U.S. drought have weakened and shifted toward the southwestern U.S. These changes indicate an increasing of role of atmospheric variability on the U.S. drought overall with implications for long‐term changes in drought and the potential for seasonal forecasting.
Deep crustal structure of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico: Implications for rift evolution and seafloor spreading
Authors: Eddy Drew R. , Van Avendonk Harm J. A. , Christeson Gail L. , Norton Ian O. , Karner Garry D. , Johnson Christopher A. , Snedden John W.
Published: August 2014

We image deep crustal structure using marine seismic refraction data recorded by a linear array of ocean‐bottom seismometers in the Gulf of Mexico Basin Opening project (GUMBO Line 3) in order to provide new constraints on the nature of continental and oceanic crust in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. GUMBO Line 3 extends ~524 km from the continental shelf offshore Pensacola, Florida, across the De Soto Canyon and into the central Gulf basin. Travel times from long offset, wide angle reflections and refractions resolve compressional seismic velocities and layer boundaries for sediment, crystalline crust, and upper mantle. We compare our results with coincident multichannel seismic reflection data. Our velocity model recovers shallow seismic velocities (~2.0–4.5 km/s) that we interpret as evaporites and clastic sediments. A Cretaceous carbonate platform is interpreted beneath the De Soto Canyon with seismic velocities >5.0 km/s. Crystalline continental crust thins seaward along GUMBO Line 3 from 23–10 km across the De Soto Canyon. High seismic velocity lower crust (>7.2 km/s) is interpreted as extensive syn‐rift magmatism and possibly mafic underplating, common features at volcanic rift margins with high mantle potential temperatures. In the central Gulf basin we interpret thick oceanic crust (>8 km) emplaced at a slow full‐spreading rate (~24 mm/yr). We suggest a sustained thermal anomaly during slow seafloor‐spreading conditions led to voluminous basalt flows from a spreading ridge that overprinted seafloor magnetic anomalies in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico.
Layered mixing on the New England Shelf in summer
Authors: Wang Jianing , Greenan Blair J. W. , Lu Youyu , Oakey Neil S. , Shaw William J.
Published: August 2014

The layered structure of stratification and mixing on the New England Shelf (NES) in summer is examined by analyzing a comprehensive set of observations of hydrography, currents and turbulence. A clear distinction in mixing characteristics between the midcolumn water (consisting of subsurface stratification, middepth weak stratification and lower‐layer stratification) and a well‐mixed bottom boundary layer (BBL) is revealed. The combination of subtidal Ekman onshore bottom transport and cross‐shore density gradient created a lower‐layer stratification that inhibited the upward extension of the BBL turbulence. The BBL mixing was related to strong shear generated by bottom stress, and the magnitude and periodic variation of BBL mixing was determined by both the tidal and subtidal flows. Mixing in the midcolumn water occurred under stably stratified conditions and showed correspondence with the occurrence of near‐inertial and semidiurnal internal waves. Positive correlations between buoyancy frequency squared (N2) and shear variance (S2), S2 and dissipation rate (ε), N2 and ε are established in the midcolumn, but not in the BBL. The midcolumn ε was reasonably described by a slightly modified MacKinnon‐Gregg (MG) model.
Chrysophyceae, Raphidophyceae, Haptophyceae
Authors: Kornprobst Jean‐Michel
Published: August 2014

The article contains sections titled:

Chrysophyceae

General Presentation: Simplified Classification

Photosynthetic Pigments and Storage Polysaccharides

Fatty Acids

Sterols

Other Derivatives

Raphidophyceae

Haptophyceae

General Presentation: Simplified Classification

Photosynthetic Pigments

Sterols

Fatty Acids and other Linear Derivatives

Prymnesins

Particular Characteristics ofPavlova pinguisandPleurochrysis carterae
Echinoderms
Authors: Kornprobst Jean‐Michel
Published: August 2014

The article contains sections titled:

General Remarks and Classification

General Comments on the Chemistry of Echinoderms

Metabolites of Crinoids (Feather Stars and Sea Lilies)

Quinonic Pigments

Sterols, Glycolipids, and Phosphoceramides

3,5‐Dibromotyrosine Derivatives

Metabolites of Echinids (Sea Urchins)

Echinochrome A, Spinochromes, and Carotenoids

Fatty Acids, Prostaglandins, Glycosphingolipids, and Other Lipids

Nitrogen‐ and Sulfur‐Containing Metabolites

Sulfated Fucans and Galactans

Metabolites of Ophiuroids (Brittle Stars and Basket Stars)

Lipids and Aromatic Derivatives

Sulfated Carotenoids

Sterols and Sulfated Sterols

Alkaloids

Metabolites of Asteroids (Sea Stars and Starfish)

Sterols and Sulfated Sterols

Free and Sulfated Polyhydroxysterols

Nitrogen‐ and Phosphorus‐Containing Polyhydroxysterols

Steroidal Glycosides and Asterosaponins

Carotenoids

Fatty Acids and Oxylipins

Glycolipids, Ceramides, Cerebrosides, and Gangliosides

Nitrogen‐Containing Derivatives

Metabolites of Holothuroids (Sea Cucumbers)

Fatty Acids

Sterols, 4α‐Methyl Sterols, and Triterpenes

Holothurins

Carotenoids

Trepang

Cerebrosides and Gangliosides

Atypical Nitrogen‐Containing Derivatives of Cucumaria frondosa

Oligosaccharides and Sulfated Polysaccharides
Porifera (Sponges)–3
Authors: Kornprobst Jean‐Michel
Published: August 2014

The article contains sections titled:

Secondary Metabolites of Haplosclerida

Acetylenic Derivatives

1‐Glyceryl Ethers from the AssemblageCeratodictyon/Spongiosum/Haliclona/Cymaeformis

Atypical Fatty Acids

Terpenes and Meroterpenes

Triterpenic Glycosides

Hopanoids, Steroids and Sterosides

Macrolides, Depsipeptides, and Cyclic Peptides

Aminoalcohols and Glycosphingolipids (Cerebrosides)

Manzamines and Related Derivatives

Quinolizidine and 1‐Oxaquinolizidine Derivatives

Pyridine Derivatives and 3‐alkylpyridinium Salts

Pyridoacridine Alkaloids

Pyrroloquinones and Other Examples of Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles

Quinones and Sulfated Hydroquinones

Very Long‐Chain Linear Sulfated Derivatives

Thiocyanatins: α,ω‐Dithiocyanates ofOceanapia sp

Some Information on Freshwater Haplosclerid Sponges

Secondary Metabolites of Poecilosclerida

Sterols, Steroids, and Sterosides

Terpenes and Triterpenic Glycosides

Polybrominated Acetogenins and Oxylipins

Long‐Chain Acetylenic Derivatives: Raspailynes

Glycolipids

Brominated Aromatic Derivatives ofHamigera tarangaensis

Macrolides

Chondropsins:Cyclic Depsipeptides of Chondropsissp

Eurypamides (Microciona eurypa), Microcionamides (Clathria abietina) and Other Cyclic Peptides

Linear Amides and Peptides

Examples of Some Atypical Sulfur‐Containing Derivatives

Pyrrole and Indole Derivatives

Pyridines, Quinolizines, and Pyridoacridines

Guanidine Derivatives

Pyrroloiminoquinones and Pyrroloquinones

Azasugars and Cyclic Amines

Other Examples of Polycyclic Alkaloids

Phosphorus‐ and Arsenic‐Containing Derivatives, Betaines
Porifera (Sponges)–4
Authors: Kornprobst Jean‐Michel
Published: August 2014

The article contains sections titled:

General Information on the Metabolites of Sponges Lacking Mineral Spicules

Secondary Metabolites of Dendroceratida

Terpenes and Meroterpenes

Sterols

Polybromophenols and Polybromodiphenyl Ethers of Dysidea

Nitrogen‐Containing Compounds

Secondary Metabolites of Dictyoceratida

Fatty Acids and Glycolipids

Sterols

Terpenes and Meroterpenes

Polybromodiphenyl Ethers and other Halogenated Aromatic Derivatives

Laulimalide, Altohyrtins, Chondropsins, Haterumalides, and Other Macrolides

Linear and Cyclic Peptides, Depsipeptides

Alkaloids and Other Nitrogen‐Containing Compounds

Phosphorus Derivatives

Atypical Sulfur Derivatives

Secondary Metabolites of Verongida

3,5‐Dibromotyrosine Derivatives

Other Nitrogen‐Containing Compounds

Glycerol Ethers and Glycosphingolipids

Sulfated Aromatic Compounds

Metabolites Specific to the Family Ianthellidae