bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of the Carboxylates in the 3D Pb(II) Based Catalysts on the Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Janak  , Dhawale Somnath , Abhay  , Markad Datta , Sathe Bhaskar R , Khullar Sadhika
Published: February 2025

The Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) is considered to be one of the most important processes for energy storage and conversion applications. However, due to its sluggish kinetics it becomes extremely crucial to design and develop cost‐effective, stable and highly efficient electrocatalysts. Herein, we report two lead(II) based coordination polymers (CPs) {[Pb2(TPBN)(TDC)2].3H2O}n (CP1), and {[Pb2(TPBN)(FDC)2].H2O}n (CP2) synthesized via self‐assembly at ambient conditions in good yields (where TPBN= N,N′,N′′′,N′′′′‐tetrakis‐(2‐pyridylmethyl)‐1,4‐diaminobutane, H2TDC=2,5‐2,5‐thiophenedicarboxylic acid, and H2FDC=2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid. Their 3D structures were determined by Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) studies. The bulk purity and thermal stability of CP1 and CP2 were studied by powder X‐ray diffraction studies and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. Both the CPs showed remarkable catalytic activity for the OER. With a current density of 15 mA cm−2, for both CP1 and CP2, overpotentials of 570 mV and 630 mV with tafel slope values of 112 mV dec−1, and 178 mV dec−1 respectively for CP1 and CP2 in 1.0 M alkaline (KOH) solution was obtained. It is notable that the difference in their catalytic performance – CP1 is better than CP2, can be attributed to the subtle single heteroatom in the dicarboxylate ring (S in thiophene and O in furan, respectively).
Instatherapy: A Content Analysis of Psychotherapists' Instagram Posts and User Engagement
Authors: Greene Amanda K. , Brownstone Lisa M. , Dong Yixiao , Hunsicker Madeline J. , Cool Jade , Maloul Elana K. , Norling Hannah N.
Published: February 2025

Background

Social media is increasingly a source of mental health information and support. Online mental health content accessibility has allowed providers to access large audiences and client bases.

Aims

Our aim was to understand information audiences are encountering from psychotherapists on social media.

Materials and Methods

Summative content analysis was completed on 10,395 posts from 294 psychotherapist influencers on Instagram. Analysis focussed on two domains: mental health concerns and psychotherapy‐related topics.

Results

Interpersonal concerns were the most frequently discussed mental health concern followed by anxiety, trauma/PTSD, depression and stress. The most frequently discussed psychotherapy‐related topics included holistic approaches, nervous system, cognitive behavioural therapy and internal family systems. Certain codes were associated with more user engagement than posts without those codes. Regarding mental health concerns, posts mentioning substance use garnered more likes and comments, posts mentioning dissociation/dissociative identity disorder garnered more comments, and posts mentioning perinatal issues received fewer likes. Regarding psychotherapy‐related topics, holistic approaches garnered more likes and comments, and crisis and couples/divorce garnered fewer likes.

Discussion

Findings elucidate content that psychotherapist influencers discuss as well as how users engage with content.

Conclusion

This study has implications for ethical guideline development for social media use among psychotherapists.
Prevalence of Secondary Trauma, Compassion Fatigue and Burnout Among Trauma Therapists in Spain
Authors: Velasco Judith , Sanmartín Francisco J. , Cuadrado Fátima , Moriana Juan A.
Published: February 2025

Background

Trauma therapists are at risk of developing secondary trauma (ST), compassion fatigue (CF) and burnout from exposure to clients' traumatic narratives.

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, risk and protective factors of these conditions among Spanish trauma therapists.

Methods

A total of 358 Spanish trauma therapists (87% females, Mage = 43.6) completed self‐reported measures of ST, CF and burnout and sociodemographic/occupational information.

Results

Secondary trauma, CF and burnout levels were mild overall. However, 27% of the sample presented symptoms compatible with a PTSD diagnosis. Most of the sample showed emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation. However, over 90% reported personal accomplishment and compassion satisfaction that mitigated the negative effects of occupational stressors. Age, years of experience and having children were associated with higher levels of burnout and ST. However, occupational factors, such as type of trauma and the age of the consultant, did not correlate with ST, CF nor burnout.

Conclusions

Working with trauma survivors impacts professionals' well‐being and, ultimately, can affect the quality of their services.
Navigating Racial Discrimination and Negotiating Place: A Phenomenological Analysis of Chinese Americans' Conversations With Friends
Authors: Zhang Hui , Stapleton Charles Matthew , Thang Jonathan , Waggoner Bradley
Published: February 2025

This study adopted a phenomenological perspective to explore the experiences of racial discrimination among second‐generation and higher Chinese Americans during the COVID‐19 pandemic. It focused on how these experiences are grounded in place and co‐constructed through conversation with friends. Twelve participants were asked to describe a recent conversation with a friend about racial discrimination. Four themes from their narratives are discussed: Moving Along Perilous City Paths, The Paradox of Visibility and Invisibility, Finding Place Amid Alienation and Shame and Transforming Spaces, Creating Home. Together, these themes form a holistic narrative of how Chinese Americans navigate between homeworld and alienworld. The study concludes with a discussion of its contributions and implications.
Metal Exchange in Thioguanosine Coordination Polymers of Gold (I) and Silver (I)
Authors: Tangsombun Chayanan , McGarry Liam F. , El‐Zubir Osama , Houlton Andrew , Horrocks Benjamin R.
Published: February 2025

Heterometallic coordination polymers of Au(I) and Ag(I) with 6‐thioguanosine, poly(
), have been prepared and were observed to form hydrogels. We find that the composition of the heterometallic polymer is proportional to the mole fractions of the metals in the preparation solution. Optical absorption spectra show single peaks for
nm which can be interpolated in a linear manner between x
and x
consistent with the formation of a heterometallic polymer rather than a mixture of homopolymers. However photoluminescence and circular dichroism spectra are sensitive to the supramolecular structure of the polymers and show more complex behaviour. Atomic force microscopy indicated that the molecular chains of the Au homopolymer entwine to form strands that are predominantly right‐hand helices. The Ag homopolymer has previously been shown to form left‐hand helices. Intermediate compositions have more complex structures because of the competition between the left and right‐handed preferences of the homopolymers. Finally, we have shown that the metal‐ligand bonds are labile on a timescale of about 5 h at ambient temperature (about 293 K). Mixtures of homopolymers transform to the corresponding heterometallic coordination polymer by metal exchange as judged by optical absorption, photoluminescence and circular dichroism spectra.
Development of a Highly Selective Synthesis of 4–Substituted Tetrahydroquinolines: Substrate Scope and Mechanistic Study
Authors: Piña Jeanette , Aguirre Lupita S. , Litwiller Levi T. , Ly Hai T. , Crockett Michael P. , Thomas Andy
Published: February 2025

Herein, we describe a general and selective deprotonation functionalization reaction of tetrahydroquinolines at the 4–position using organolithiums and phosphoramide ligands. In addition to the development of a direct deprotonation alkylation reaction with primary and secondary alkyl halides, a Negishi cross–coupling protocol was realized to afford products with a range of aromatic halides. These methods were applied to the late‐stage installation of tetrahydroquinolines into a variety of substrates including pharmaceuticals as well as natural product analogues. The use of thorough mechanistic investigations revealed the aggregation state of the newly formed tetrahydroquinoline anion to be a separated ion pair, which proved critical to optimizing the reaction conditions.
A novel water‐soluble nano‐additive incorporated to PPSU membrane for textile dye removal
Authors: Taha Younus Rashid , Zrelli Adel , Hajji Nejib , Alsalhy Qusay , Rafiq Muhammad , Irfan Muhammad
Published: February 2025

In order to develop a polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) membrane for the removal of textile dyes, a novel water‐soluble known as partly cross‐linked nanoparticles graft copolymer (PCLNPG) is presented in this study as a pore forming agent. In order to fully investigate its effects on properties of the membrane surface, the morphology, and the porosity, and performance, the PCLNPG concentration in the PPSU solution was changed. The results showed that the novel membrane's hydrophilicity and porosity enhanced when it was made using a 0.75 wt.% PCLNPG. To investigate the impact of PCLNPG nanoparticles on the characterization of the novel nanocomposite, a variety of testing methods were utilized. Additionally, longer finger‐like pores and a more porous structure were created when the PCLNPG content increased. However, the highest values of water flux and Congo red (CR) dye rejection was 147.05 L ∙ m−2 ∙ h−1 and 98.59%, respectively. According to results, treating textile wastewater with PPSU/PCLNPG membranes could be a beneficial choice due to its performance features.
Selective hydrogenation of dimethyl terephthalate to dimethyl 1,4‐cyclohexanedicarboxylate over zeolite‐supported Ru catalysts
Authors: Han Haoyu , Yang Tao , Fan Jie , Yang Jingyi , Zhang Meng , Liu ZhongYi
Published: February 2025

Dimethyl 1,4‐cyclohexanedicarboxylate (DMCD) is an important chemical product, which is widely used in the synthesis of polyester resins, polyamides, and plasticizers. It is generally prepared via dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) selective hydrogenation. Herein, the zeolite (ZSM‐5‐25/50/100, ZSM‐35, MOR, and β)‐supported Ru catalysts were prepared and employed for DMT hydrogenation. Compared to the other zeolites, MOR‐supported Ru showed the best performance (DMT conversion: 100%, DMCD selectivity: 81.67% at the conditions of 180°C, 4 MPa H2, 3 h, 2‐propanol as solvent, and m(DMT):m(Cat.) = 5:1). After optimizing the reaction conditions, DMT conversion and DMCD selectivity finally reached 100% and 95.09%, respectively, at 140°C, 6 MPa H2, 4 h, ethyl acetate as solvent, and m(DMT):m(Cat.) = 2.5:1. Furthermore, Ru/MOR exhibited good reusability with no significant decrease after 5 cycles. The employed catalysts were comprehensively characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), N2‐physisorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), H2‐TPR, NH3 temperature‐programmed desorption (NH3‐TPD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES), and CO pulse experiment. The results indicated that Ru/MOR had higher Ru dispersion and stronger metal–support interaction. Moreover, Ru/MOR exhibited greater specific surface area and larger pore size, enhancing the adsorption efficiency of the reactants.
An Unusual Presentation of Bladder Carcinoma in a Visceral Hernia: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ebrahimi Pouya , Mahdavian Abbas , Mousavinejad Maryam , Ghadimi Delaram J. , Taheri Maryam , Mahmudi Fatemeh
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Bladder carcinoma (BC) is the most prevalent malignancy of the urinary system. These cancers are primarily seen in adults > 60 years old and mostly present with microscopic or frank hematuria or obstruction of the urinary system. However, these rare cancers can be found in hernias.

Case Presentation

This report discusses a rare, localized bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC) manifestation. The patient had presented with lower abdominal pain several times. However, no accurate diagnosis was made due to the unspecified pain features. After being referred to a radiologic evaluation with ultrasonography, a bladder hernia was detected entering the abdominal wall, and it contained an unusual mass. Further evaluations revealed the malignant feature of the tumor. The abdominal wall hernia was replaced, and a TURP procedure was performed. The resulting sample showed UC without the involvement of the muscle layer.

Conclusion

One of the most common malignancies of the urogenital and reproductive systems in male patients is BCs. They are most commonly seen in men older than 60 years old with a history of smoking. The prevalent manifestations of cancer are microscopic or macroscopic hematuria, urinary obstruction, and abdominal pain. A rare but previously reported bladder cancer location is within inguinal or abdominal hernias. The diagnosis of this cancer is not always straightforward, and delays can result in the spread of malignancy and the transition of the patient's clinical condition to a poorer prognosis.

Clinical Key Message

The presentation of bladder cancer is not always accompanied by typical symptoms such as hematuria or urinary obstruction. Patients with persistent lower abdominal pain should be evaluated to rule out bladder malignancy. These tumors might be hidden within abdominal or inguinal hernias, and more radiologic accuracy is demanded for their diagnosis.
Charge Transfer Effect on Relaxation Mechanism in Hydrated Pyrrole‐Water Systems Following N‐2s Ionization
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Ghosh Aryya , VAVAL NAYANA , Bhattacharjee Kankana
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the relaxation mechanisms of pyrrole and pyrrole‐water clusters (C4H5N‐(H2O)n, where n=0‐3) following N‐2s ionization of pyrrole. Using various theoretical methods, we focus on the influence of water molecules and charge transfer on these non‐radiative relaxation pathways. Our simulations included pyrrole solvated in 494 explicit water molecules equilibrated at 300 K and also employed a polarizable continuum model (PCM) to make the system more realistic and gain additional insights.
In hydrated environments, the hydrogen bonding network between pyrrole and surrounding water molecules facilitates enhanced non‐radiative relaxation pathways following inner valence ionization. Since these are hydrogen bonding systems, we have explored the possibility of proton transfer, which could occur in conjunction with other electronic decay processes.
A Novel Transdiagnostic Approach to the Prevention of Eating Disorders Using Virtual Reality: Preliminary Evaluation of the H.O.M.E. Intervention
Authors: Gardini Valentina , Grandi Silvana , Tomba Elena
Published: February 2025

“Virtual reality” (VR) has been used effectively in clinical psychology to improve existing treatments and prevention protocols for many psychopathologies, including eating disorders (EDs). However, no VR software was developed to concurrently tackle dysfunctional eating behaviours and three third wave cognitive–behavioural transdiagnostic factors linked to EDs: psychological inflexibility, emotion dysregulation and experiential avoidance. This preliminary study is aimed at evaluating potential effects of a new VR‐based preventive intervention (H.O.M.E.—How to Observe and Modify Emotions) in improving selected outcomes of transdiagnostic factors and dysfunctional eating behaviours in the general population (GP) with ED risk compared to a waiting list (WL). N = 40 GP participants with ED risk were screened (using the SCOFF and Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q)) and randomised into VR (n = 20) or WL (n = 20) groups. Before and after intervention and at 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up, participants completed EDE‐Q, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale—brief version (DERS‐16) for emotion dysregulation, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II (AAQ‐II) for psychological inflexibility and Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI) experiential avoidance scale. H.O.M.E. improved scores in all EDE‐Q subscales (EDE‐Q‐total: p = 0.003; EDE‐Q‐restraint: p = 0.028; EDE‐Q‐eating concerns: p = 0.035; EDE‐Q‐shape concerns: p = 0.003; EDE‐Q‐weight concerns: p = 0.023), AAQ‐II (p = 0.005), DERS‐16‐total (p = 0.006), DERS‐16‐difficulty in engaging in goal‐directed behaviours (p = 0.008), and DERS‐16‐limited access to emotion regulation strategies (p = 0.001), with results greater than WL and maintained at follow‐ups. Results showed potential for H.O.M.E. to represent a feasible tool to prevent EDs. Given the similarity between VR and technologies used in everyday life, H.O.M.E. may help in engaging young individuals with ED risk towards psychological support before ED onset.
A 24.7‐ to 42.2‐GHz Tuning Range Quad‐Core Triple‐Mode VCO Using Inductor‐Sharing Technique
Authors: Zhang Congyi , Wang Xinsheng , Wang Xiyue , Song Yanhong
Published: February 2025

The voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) with a wide tuning range and low phase noise is extensively employed in domains such as 5G, 6G, and satellite communication. This article commences with the phase noise model to conduct an analysis of the multicore VCO. Subsequently, the mode‐switching technology is elucidated. On this foundation, an X‐shaped compact equalizing on‐chip transformer design based on the inductor sharing technique is proposed. The transformer with three modes is devised to enhance the output frequency range of the VCO. Distinct from the traditional capacitive coupling, the alteration of the effective inductance value is accomplished through the coupling between the inductors to complete the regulation of the oscillation frequency range. The proposed VCO architecture, fabricated using a 40‐nm process, demonstrates a 52.3% continuous frequency tuning range, spanning from 24.7 to 42.2 GHz, as verified through post‐simulation. When the bias is at a 10 MHz, the phase noise varies within the range of −123 to −132 dBc/Hz while FoM and FoMT respectively fluctuate from 177 to 193 dBc/Hz and 191 to 208 dBc/Hz. Both phase noise and FoM are improved, with a minimal chip area of only 0.057 mm2.
Factors Influencing Emergence Timing Patterns of Long‐Tailed Bats in Exotic and Native Forest in New Zealand
Authors: Feng Bonnie , Borkin Kerry M. , O'Donnell Colin F. J. , Monks Joanne M.
Published: February 2025

Understanding temporal behavioural patterns in animals can be crucial to their conservation management. Emergence timing in bats, that is, the decision on when to depart day‐roosts for foraging, is one such example and is well studied in Northern Hemisphere bats. The emergence timing of New Zealand long‐tailed bats (Chalinolobus tuberculatus) is not yet fully understood, including when and where they may be vulnerable to threats. We investigated factors influencing long‐tailed bat emergence timing in the Kinleith Forest (exotic plantation, 38° S) and the Eglinton Valley (native beech forest, 45° S). We recorded emergence times during late pregnancy through post‐lactation (October to March), to determine whether the month, temperature at sunset, tree density, cloud cover, presence of rain and the number of bats within a roost influenced emergence timing. Most long‐tailed bats emerged after sunset in the Kinleith Forest, whilst 80% of first emerging bats departed before sunset in the Eglinton Valley where nights are much shorter in summer, reducing foraging time. Month, temperature at sunset, and roost population size were the most important predictors of emergence timing at both sites. Long‐tailed bats in the Kinleith Forest also emerged earlier as tree density increased, a pattern potentially associated with predator defence. The factors influencing long‐tailed bat emergence timing are likely context dependent, namely latitude and habitat structure, which has implications for roost protection protocols, timing of bat surveys and interpretation of bat acoustic monitoring data.
Genetic Differentiation of Abies alba Outside Its Main Range Under Warm Meso‐ and Sub‐Mediterranean Conditions in Italy and Switzerland
Authors: Coşgun Sevil , Gauthier Jérémy , Bonanomi Giuliano , Carraro Gabriele , Cherubini Paolo , Conedera Marco , Gobet Erika , Manetti Maria‐Chiara , Mazza Gianluigi , Schwörer Christoph , Sperisen Christoph , Alvarez Nadir , Gugerli Felix , Tinner Willy
Published: February 2025

Abies alba is an important European tree species currently mostly found at cool and humid sites in the montane zone. In the past, it grew under markedly warmer and drier climates during the Eemian and mid‐Holocene, and cryptic Mediterranean populations confirm the species' capacity to grow under warm, summer‐dry conditions. However, it is unknown if warm‐loving Mediterranean occurrences are related to specific genetic properties (e.g., subspecies or ecotypes). Investigating the genetics of cryptic warm‐loving populations is crucial for a better understanding of past and future population dynamics of A. alba. We genotyped 478 A. alba samples at 174 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), covering a broad latitudinal range from Southern Italy to Switzerland while accounting for local altitudinal gradients, and combined these newly introduced genotypes with those of other European Abies populations from the literature. Population genetic structure analyses grouped the warm‐loving meso‐ and sub‐Mediterranean populations into the same genetic cluster as the mountain populations of each region. The occurrence of three genetic clusters from Northern to Southern Italy is in line with the glacial refugia history. The inferred evolutionary and demographic history suggests a northward expansion of A. alba after glaciation, as well as a trans‐Adriatic gene flow between Balkan and Southern Italian populations. Collectively, the combined genotypic data from individuals across the species' range demonstrate that cryptic Mediterranean populations of A. alba align with the local and large‐scale genetic structure of populations from its main range, suggesting that the species is able to thrive in a warmer and drier environmental range than hitherto anticipated. This finding implies that it is unneeded to postulate extinct subspecies or ecotypes to explain the occurrence of meso‐ and sub‐Mediterranean Eemian or mid‐Holocene silver fir forests, with important implications for future A. alba population dynamics.
Validation of a biomarker‐based mortality score for cardiogenic shock patients: Comparison with a clinical risk score
Authors: Hynninen Elina , Tolppanen Heli , Rivas‐Lasarte Mercedes , Tarvasmäki Tuukka , Harjola Veli‐Pekka , Deniau Benjamin , Hongisto Mari , Jankowska Ewa A. , Jurkko Raija , Jäntti Toni , Kataja Anu , Mebazaa Alexandre , Sabell Tuija , Sionis Alessandro , Lassus Johan
Published: February 2025

Aims

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is the deadliest manifestation of acute heart failure, with persistently high mortality rates and a lack of recent therapeutic breakthroughs. Accurate risk prediction is crucial in clinical decision‐making and the design of future clinical trials. We aimed to validate the CLIP score, a biomarker‐based risk score comprising cystatin C, lactate, interleukin‐6 and NT‐proBNP, for predicting mortality in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) related CS, and to compare its predictive value with the previously published CardShock risk score.

Methods and results

The study is a post hoc analysis of the CardShock Study, a prospective, observational European multicentre study on CS. The CLIP score was calculated 12 h after hospital admission, and its ability to predict 90‐day mortality was assessed using are under the curve (AUC) of the receiver‐operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. The discriminative ability of the CLIP score was compared with the CardShock risk score by comparing the AUC's. The cohort was dichotomized into low and high risk groups by the optimal cut‐off value derived from the ROC analysis of the CLIP score. Kaplan–Meier curves were constructed to evaluate risk stratification when combining the CLIP and CardShock risk scores. The cohort (n = 121) comprised 77% (n = 93) men and the median age was 67 years (IQR 61–76). A total of 21% (n = 25) of the patients had non‐ACS related CS. The CLIP score demonstrated appropriate predictive accuracy for 90‐day mortality (AUC 0.84, 95% CI 0.77–0.91), comparable with the CardShock risk score (AUC 0.77 [95% CI 0.69–0.85]; P = 0.064 for comparison). A CLIP score cut‐off of 0.28 stratified patients into high risk (65% mortality) and low risk (16% mortality) groups. In addition, incorporating the CLIP score enhanced risk stratification in all CardShock risk score categories.

Conclusions

The CLIP score, calculated within 12 h of hospital admission, accurately predicted 90‐day mortality in CS and complemented the CardShock risk score. The biomarker‐based score has potential utility in dynamic mortality risk assessment and could inform clinical management and trial design.
Recent Developments and Applications of Vegetable Oil in Fish Feed
Authors: Gu Xie , Ding Zhi Li , Yuan Zhen Zhen , Yang Shun , Fei Hui
Published: February 2025

Dietary lipids play a vital role in providing essential fatty acids that are crucial for the regulation of growth, health, reproduction, and overall physiological functions of fish. Traditionally, fish oil (FO) has served as the primary lipid source in commercial fish feed. However, due to the dwindling availability and escalating costs of FO, the sustainable growth of aquaculture has been hindered. On the other hand, vegetable oil (VO) has emerged as a promising alternative lipid source for fish diets, owing to its abundance, cost‐effectiveness, and rich content of essential C18 fatty acids. While numerous studies have explored the impact of VO on fish growth and health, it has been noted that most VO cannot entirely replace FO in the diet due to its adverse effects. Hence, current research suggests that innovative strategies such as genetic modification, nutritional programming, and supplementation with functional compounds may help alleviate the negative effects associated with dietary VO. Given the critical need to seek alternative lipid sources in fish feed to address the limited global supply of FO, coupled with the cost‐effectiveness and nutrient content of VO, it is imperative to further investigate their application in fish feed formulations to support sustainable fish production.

Practical Applications: This review highlights the importance of finding alternative lipid sources for fish feed in order to support sustainable aquaculture growth. Incorporating vegetable oil (VO) into fish diets can help alleviate the reliance on fish oil, which is becoming increasingly scarce and expensive. However, it is essential to consider the potential negative effects of VO and explore innovative strategies to mitigate these effects. By continuing to research and develop new techniques, such as genetic modification and nutritional programming, we can optimize the use of VO in fish feed formulations to promote healthy growth and reproduction in fish. Overall, this review emphasizes the significance of exploring alternative lipid sources in fish feed to ensure the long‐term viability of aquaculture production.
Advances in Cooling Technologies for Electric Vehicle Drive Motors, Reducers, and Inverters: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Ahmad Hamdan , Dhamodharan Palanisamy , Kim Sung Chul
Published: February 2025

Effective thermal management is a critical challenge in electric vehicles (EVs), influencing the efficiency, reliability, and lifespan of key components such as electric drive motors, inverters, and reducers. This comprehensive review systematically evaluates advanced cooling technologies for EV powertrains, providing a comparative analysis of traditional and emerging solutions. Novel insights are presented on the integration of innovative materials, such as nanofluids and phase‐change materials, and the application of artificial intelligence (AI) for dynamic thermal optimization. The study highlights the enhanced cooling performance achieved through hybrid approaches that synergize liquid and air‐cooling methods. Additionally, the review introduces the transformative potential of AI‐driven systems in optimizing cooling efficiency, predicting thermal loads, and detecting faults in real time. The novelty of this work lies in its focus on the holistic thermal management of multiple EV components, bridging the gap in current literature by addressing the interplay of cooling strategies across the entire powertrain. This analysis underscores the need for continued innovation in thermal management to meet the growing demands of EV technology and sustainability goals.
Preserving the Quality of Fresh‐Cut Guava (Psidium guajava L.) With an Aloe Vera‐Based Multilayered Polysaccharide Edible Coating
Authors: Patel Kamlesh S. , Sharma Sonu , Patel Prakash R. , Rao T. V. Ramana , Rao Madaraboina Venkateswara
Published: February 2025

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a nutritionally valuable fruit, but its shelf life significantly decreases once cut. Edible coatings can mitigate this issue. This study evaluated various coatings, including xanthan gum (0.25%), HPMC (0.1%), and cinnamic acid (0.1%), both individually and in combination, as well as Aloe vera gel combined with these ingredients. The quality of fresh‐cut guava slices was assessed under the storage temperature of 10°C. Coated samples showed significantly better retention of physicochemical attributes than untreated controls. Aloe vera gel, particularly when combined with HPMC (0.1%), was most effective in preserving total phenolic content, Vitamin C, DPPH activity, and sensory qualities, primarily due to its ability to limit oxygen availability and prevent oxidative degradation. The combination of Aloe vera gel, cinnamic acid, and xanthan gum also performed well across all parameters. HPMC's flexibility, odorlessness, and resistance to oils and fats enhance its effectiveness as an oxygen and aroma barrier. In conclusion, the combined use of Aloe vera gel, cinnamic acid, and xanthan gum effectively preserved the quality and extended the shelf life of fresh‐cut guava.
Up‐to‐dateness of German patient versions of clinical practice guidelines and potential influencing factors: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Hellbrecht Irma , Könsgen Nadja , Pieper Dawid , Prediger Barbara , Breuing Jessica
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) provide recommendations and are a fundamental part of clinical practice. Many guideline organisations also produce patient versions of CPGs (PVGs). To explore the up‐to‐dateness of German PVGs, potential methodological influence factors and experts' perspectives, we applied a convergent mixed‐methods design.

Methods

First, a literature search to identify PVGs was performed between October 2022 and January 2023. We searched the websites of German guideline organisations, Google and the reference lists of included PVGs. We screened the title, downloaded the documents if relevant and retrieved the underlying CPGs and methods reports of CPGs. We aggregated the literature search dates of CPGs and calculated the time between the CPG literature search and PVG publication. Second, interviews with experts in the PVG development were conducted and analysed using qualitative content analysis (Mayring) with MAXQDA.

Results

49 PVGs were included and analysed. A median of 36 months elapsed between the literature search of CPGs and the publication of PVGs. A median of 25 months passed between the literature search and publication of CPGs, and a median of 7.5 months elapsed between the CPG and PVG publication. Six interviews were conducted and interviewees mostly perceived PVGs as up‐to‐date. However, they identified exceptions in the up‐to‐dateness depending on the topic or thematic chapters of PVGs. Interviewees mentioned different influencing factors such as the scientific progress and the editorial process of PVGs.

Discussion

Our findings underline potential issues with the up‐to‐dateness of PVGs. In the context of a fast‐moving evidence basis, it seems doubtful whether PVGs actually reflect the current state of knowledge, especially in fields with high research activity. However, some factors may not be modifiable because they essentially contribute to the quality assurance of PVGs. Further research is desirable to investigate possible measures to improve the up‐to‐dateness of PVGs.
A Novel Framework for Estimating the Bowen Ratio Over Small Water Bodies
Authors: Rezazadeh Amir , Akbarzadeh Pooria , ShahMardan Mohammad Mohsen , Aminzadeh Milad
Published: February 2025

The Bowen ratio, defined as the ratio of sensible to latent heat flux, is crucial for quantifying land‐atmosphere energy exchanges and evaporation rates from terrestrial surfaces. Despite extensive research on the Bowen ratio over placid water surfaces (e.g., lakes), further investigation is needed to understand its dynamics in small reservoirs subjected to water inflow/outflow (i.e., surface flows) and wind. To address this knowledge gap, the evaporation rate and the sensible heat exchanges are measured between the water surface and overlying air in a small laboratory basin under different water surface flow rates (1.0–10.5 l min−1) and wind speeds (0–2.0 m s−1). Three different wind flow conditions are explored: no wind, headwind (opposing the water surface flow), and tailwind (aligning with water surface flow). The findings indicate strong correlations between sensible heat flux, water surface flow rate, and wind speed, particularly under headwind conditions. Nevertheless, concerning the latent heat flux, the measurements demonstrate that for each wind condition, the evaporation reaches its minimum value in a certain water surface flow rate, resulting in the highest value of the Bowen ratio. To facilitate the application of these laboratory findings for estimating the Bowen ratio under real environmental conditions, mathematical relationships using dimensionless numbers obtained through non‐linear regression analysis are established. The results exhibit a good agreement with measurements in a small water basin.
Seasonal and Inter‐Annual Dynamics in Water Quality and Stream Metabolism in a Beaver‐Impacted Drought‐Sensitive Lowland Catchment
Authors: Wang Famin , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Birkel Christian , Freymueller Jonas , Wu Songjun , Jordan Sylvia , Soulsby Chris
Published: February 2025

Increasing drought frequency and severity from climate change are causing streamflow to become increasingly intermittent in many areas. This has implications for the spatio‐temporal characteristics of water quality regimes which need to be understood in terms of risks to the provision of clean water for public supplies and instream habitats. Recent advances in sensor technology allow reliable and accurate high‐resolution monitoring of a growing number of water quality parameters. Here, we continuously monitored a suite of water quality parameters over 3 years in an intermittent stream network in the eutrophic, lowland Demnitzer Millcreek catchment, Germany. We focused on the effects of wetland systems impacted by beaver dams on the diurnal, seasonal and inter‐annual variation in water quality dynamics at two sites, upstream and downstream of these wetlands. We then used the data to model stream metabolism. Dissolved oxygen and pH were higher upstream of the wetlands, while conductivity, turbidity, chlorophyll a and phosphorous concentrations were higher downstream. We found clear diurnal cycling of dissolved oxygen and pH at both sites. These dynamics were correlated with seasonal hydroclimatic changes and stream metabolism, becoming increasingly pronounced as temperatures increased and flows decreased in spring and summer. Upstream of the wetlands this corresponded to the stream rapidly becoming increasingly heterotrophic as modelled Gross Primary Production (GPP) was exceeded by Ecosystem Respiration (ER). Downstream, where GPP was lower, the stream was usually strongly heterotrophic and prone to increasingly hypoxic conditions (i.e., insufficient oxygen) before streamflow ceased in summer. This coincided with lower velocities and deeper channels in beaver impacted areas. Seasonal and inter‐annual variations in water quality were found to mainly correlate with hydroclimatic factors (particularly temperature) and their influence on streamflow. This study highlights that heterotrophy and hypoxia in lowland rivers in central Europe is an important seasonal feature of intermittent streams where agricultural landscapes continue leaching nutrients. These insights contribute to an evidence base for understanding how climate change will affect the quantity and quality of rural water resources in intermittent lowland streams with wetlands where the presence of beavers requires management responses.
The Role of Gratitude in Appreciative Joy's Contribution to Subjective Well‐Being
Authors: Wang Rong , Zhou Jingyi , Zhang Yang , Gu Xiaodan , Zeng Xianglong
Published: February 2025

Appreciative joy is one of four immeasurables emphasised in Buddhism. There are similarities and differences between appreciative joy and gratitude, but their combined roles in improving subjective well‐being (SWB) are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between appreciative joy and gratitude and their contribution to SWB. Study 1 utilised a cross‐sectional survey to evaluate the relationships among appreciative joy, gratitude, and SWB. Study 2 used a randomised controlled trial to explore the effects of a four‐week appreciative joy meditation (AJM) training and the underlying mechanisms. The results of Study 1 indicated a moderate positive correlation between appreciative joy and gratitude, and gratitude partially mediated the appreciative joy–SWB relationship. Study 2 further supported the idea that AJM training could increase appreciative joy and gratitude at the one‐month follow‐up. Furthermore, changes in gratitude caused by the intervention were mediated by appreciative joy. However, since SWB significantly improved at post‐measures, we cannot conclude that appreciative joy and gratitude mediated the intervention effect on SWB. Our findings expand the underlying mechanisms of appreciative joy beyond interpersonal domains and highlight the importance of gratitude in understanding the effects of the Buddhist four immeasurable meditations.
Using Digital Integrated Community Case Management to Strengthen Protocol Adherence Over the Sick Child Recording Form for Under‐Five Children Referrals From Community to Higher Level Facilities in Malawi: Affordance Perspective
Authors: Matewere Florence , Kaasbøll Jens Johan
Published: February 2025

An effective referral system at the community level of healthcare for under‐five children manages health needs by fostering relationships across all levels of healthcare, enabling patients to receive the best possible care and, in the process, saving lives. However, identifying those who need urgent referral mostly depends on community health workers (CHWs) commitment, which some studies have found inadequate due to nonadherence to the integrated Community Case Management (iCCM) Protocol, a protocol aimed at reducing child mortality and morbidity. Studies have shown that employing mobile Health (mHealth) may circumvent some of the limitations of paper‐based iCCM protocol for patient referrals, which include assessment and treatment of under‐five children. Despite the known benefits of mHealth in supporting CHWs, studies analyzing how the affordance of digital iCCM may strengthen protocol adherence over paper‐based iCCM are lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze how the actualization of digital iCCM may strengthen protocol adherence over the SCRF, consequently, improving referrals from the community to the higher‐level facilities for specialized treatment. The data captured from interviews, focus groups, informal chats, observation and document analysis were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. We found that the Sick Child Recording Form faces challenges due to nonadherence to set guidelines, resulting in misclassification, incorrect drug prescriptions, and consequently, delays in referring patients with acute symptoms to health facilities for specialized treatment. As a contribution, this paper offers a new perspective on the technological affordances of digital iCCM that strengthen protocol adherence in patients' referrals from the community to the higher‐level facilities that include assessment and treatment.
Experimental Research on the Process and Performance of Composite Dressing‐Assisted Laser Joining of Ruptured Tendons
Authors: Huang Jun , Li Yanyu , Yan Mintao , Wu Jinjin , Wang Kehong
Published: February 2025

Tendon tissue plays an important role in transmitting the force, increasing the incidence of serious tendon injuries. The clinical method of tendon tissue repair is contact surgical suture, which has the problem of high requirements for surgery. Laser has a noncontact feature that can reduce postoperative complications. However, the tissue has low tensile strength due to the weak ability to absorb the energy. Dressing‐assisted laser joining of ruptured tendons can improve the tensile strength of ruptured tendon tissue. The enhancement effect of the dressing was tested, and the mechanical properties and thermal damage of the tendon tissue were analyzed. The results show that with 0.005% SWCNTS +0.3% ICG, the tensile strength can be achieved at 1.30 MPa, the collagen content can be achieved at 27.68% and the degree of thermal denaturation is only 0.31. The results have important value for further research on tendon tissue repair techniques.
Meeting California Climate Change Standards: Understanding the Regional and Local Transportation Coalitions Throughout California
Authors: Bick Naomi
Published: February 2025

Research on local and state climate change policy has grown extensively in the last 15−20 years. However, regional climate change, particularly as it relates to transportation policymaking and administration, remains an understudied area of climate change research around the world. Transportation work crosses multiple levels of government, making it challenging to evaluate and leaving room for additional studies. California, as an environmental leader and a major source of transportation emissions, provides an excellent backdrop for understanding the intersection of climate change and transportation policy. Using qualitative data about transportation groups in California cities and regions, this study will help us understand how transportation policy subsystems have evolved to consider sustainability and climate change goals along with the transportation needs of residents. This project investigates sources of conflict and agreement among transportation interest groups to better understand how coalitions operate within this important subsystem. Transportation and climate change planning connects research on justice, governance, infrastructure support, and environmental equity while providing needed knowledge about one of the largest climate champions in the world: the state of California.
Understanding Role of Maternal Separation in Depression, Anxiety,and Pain Behaviour: A Mini Review of Preclinical Research With Focus on Neuroinflammatory Pathways
Authors: Mohammadi Shima , Bashghareh Alieh , Karimi‐Zandi Leila , Mokhtari Tahmineh
Published: February 2025

Contact between mother and child is essential for the proper development of an infant's physiological systems, brain maturation and behavioural outcomes. Early life stress (ELS), which includes factors such as inadequate parental care and childhood abuse, significantly increases the risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depression. This review examines the impact of maternal separation (MS) on depression, anxiety and pain behaviour, with a particular emphasis on neuroinflammatory pathways. Experiences of ELS can adversely affect the maturation of neurotransmitter systems and associated neural circuits that are crucial for processing painful stimuli and regulating anxiety and depression. Stressful experiences trigger inflammatory processes in the brain, initiating immune responses in neural cells and stimulating the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. In mammals, MS serves as a significant stressor that activates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and other stress‐related systems, leading to increased immune challenges and heightened pain sensitivity in adulthood due to systemic inflammation. Key inflammatory mediators, such as IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α, play critical roles in the development of pathological pain, while the activation of microglia releases inflammatory mediators that contribute to neurological dysfunction and the pathophysiology of stress, depression and anxiety. Moreover, therapeutics targeting oxidative stress and inflammation have shown promise in alleviating affective disorders following MS. This review discusses potential pathways, with a primary focus on neuroinflammatory mechanisms and the therapeutic strategies that may mitigate the adverse effects of MS. There is a pressing need for further research to elucidate the underlying pathways and identify effective interventions to improve mental health outcomes in individuals affected by MS.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Bisphenol A by a Novel MOF/CuFe2O4 Composite in Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Javed Khalid , Bilal Muhammad , Abbas Naseem , Mahmood Sajid , Fazal Tanzeela , Iqbal Shahid , Alotaibi Khalid M.
Published: February 2025

The synergistic effects of a CuFe₂O₄ and cobalt/nickel metal organic framework (Co/Ni‐MOF) based composite (MOF/CuFe₂O₄) were explored for photodegradation of Bisphenol A (BPA), various MOF/CuFe₂O₄ composites were synthesized via a hydrothermal method, By adjusting CuFe₂O₄ to Co/Ni‐MOF mass ratios of 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2 and were denoted as MOF/CuFe₂O₄ (2:1), MOF/CuFe₂O₄ (1:1), and MOF/CuFe₂O₄ (1:2), respectively. The composite MOF/CuFe₂O₄ (1:1) with a band gap energy (Eg) of 2.28 eV exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity achieving 98% degradation of a 10 ppm BPA solution under visible light (50 W) irradiation within 75 min, at pH 3, 25°C. This process achieved a quantum yield (QY) of 9.10 × 10−6 molecules photon−1 and a space‐time yield (SY) of 9.10 × 10−7, highlighting the composite's efficiency and potential for practical applications. Visible‐light absorption efficiency improved as photon energy increased (25 to 50 W) and facilitated the generation of radicals. Kinetic studies indicated a first‐order reaction rate (R2 = 0.964) for BPA photodegradation by MOF/CuFe₂O₄ (1:1) composite. Additionally, the MOF/CuFe₂O₄ composite demonstrated superior antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) under light compared with dark environment. Remarkably, the composite maintained its photocatalytic efficiency over at least six cycles. The results of the current study highlight the effectiveness and reusability of the MOF/CuFe₂O₄ (1:1) composite as a nanomaterial for the photodegradation of BPA and its potential applications in water treatment.