bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A la recherche d’un droit du domaine public : l’exemple de la Slovénie
Authors: Pirnat Rajko
Published: January 2024

In Search of a Public Property Law : Slovenia’s Example.

In countries where the social property is predominant, whether it is State property or collective property, the creation, after the change of regime, of a public property was something completely new. In Yougoslavia, there were some basic rules on State property, but they were used as the constitutional foundations of nationalization and expropriation. After 1990, in Slovenia, it was necessary to decide what in State property was to be excluded from the denationalization. Among public property goods, the goods for everybody’s use have to be available, according to the Slovene law. On the other hand, the law does not say if the goods necessary to the public service have to be put in public property. Generally speaking, the Slovene system seems to evolve towards a submission to civil law, with only some special limitations, like the German system. However, these limitations being numerous, the definition of a general framework for public property is still necessary.
Les fonctions publiques à l’épreuve de la modernisation
Authors: Claisse Alain , Henry-Meininger Marie-Christine
Published: January 2024

Civil Service face to Modernization.

The concept of modernization covers different realities, depending on the historical, political and institutional background. Nevertheless, Civil Service seems to lose its specific features and the difference with labour relations progressively disappear. Contractualization of civil service statute and decrease of the disparities between the rights and obligations of officials and employees characterize this evolution. But several contradictions appear, in the modernization process which put into question its efficiency and coherence : the conciliation between the cuts in public expenses and the delegation of responsibilities ; the increasing tendency to consider the citizen as a client ; the lack of political accountability and ethics.
L’émergence du niveau régional dans la gestion du système de santé en France
Authors: Guigaz Mireille
Published: January 2024

The Emergence of the Regional Level in the Management of the Health Service in France

At the regional level the division of responsibilities in the management of the health service has had a negative impact upon the global view of what is happening in the service and has generated confrontation between diverse interests. Regional schemes have provided the opportunity for the different actors to work together. The splitting-up of the region into health sectors designed to respond to the behaviour of the population has allowed the diversifies in the region to be addressed. The addition of the task of resource allocation to the attributions of the region in its management of health and social matters gives the region a new role, that of the key player in health service network. The division between health care and social provision appears necessary. It should be undertaken by technicians and not by those who lack expert knowledge. The role of the prefect must be restricted to that of arbitrator.
La gestion du personnel
Authors: Herbig Gottfried
Published: January 2024

Personnel Management.

The fullness and the quality of the way in which the activities of the civil service are carried out depend upon good personnel management of those working in public administration. Several particular features as the training System and security of tenure strongly influence the solutions which can be adopted. Management practices tend to overcome the rigidity of recruitment conditions and lock of mobility. Previsional planing needs to be developed as well as the link between performance and promotions.
Le contrôle de l’administration par les juridictions administratives
Authors: Oertzen Hans-Joachim von , Hauschild Christoph
Published: January 2024

Judicial Review.

Germany’s administrative court structure operates at three levels. The first two levels are made up of the courts of the Länder (the administrative court and the superior administrative court) whose functioning and organisation does not vary much from Land to Land. At the top of the hierarchy administrative disputes are settled by the Federal Administrative Court. The Constitution of 1949 lays down the constitutional principle of control over the administration to be exercised by the administrative courts, and a statute gives these courts competence in all disputes concerning matters of public law.
La centralisation du système éducatif britannique : «le marché s’administre»
Authors: Fialaire Jacques
Published: January 2024

The Centralisation of the British Education System : “the Market Rules”.

During the 1980s the organisation of education in the UK passed from the era of “local government” to a conception based upon a mixture of centralisation and entrepreneurial vision. The introduction of the national curriculum in the important 1988 law on schools marked the first stage of centralisation and has been followed by a growth in the areas of government intervention at the expense of local education authorities. In order to ensure a more efficient education system centralisation has been combined with a reinforcement of the managerial responsibilities of those in charge of schools, that is school governors and headteachers. The recent reforms aim to establish a “market” in education, relying upon an increase in financial support from businesses and upon the recognition of the powers of parents in their guise as “consumers” of education services.
L’expérience britannique depuis 1990 : rentabiliser les moyens
Authors: Young Rob
Published: January 2024

The profitability of foreign affairs starts with setting priorities amidst diminishing financial resources. This policy goes hand in hand with investment in the means of communication, delegating services to the private sector, decentralization, usage of local personnel and the quest for self-financing of consular activities. This effort towards improving profitability has already produced results.
Transformations et constantes du métier de diplomate
Authors: Andréani Jacques
Published: January 2024

The cut-back on continuing education due to budgetary restrictions has meant that the diplomat must learn to adapt to changes in the profession whilst on the job. Of particular note is the decreasing importance of the task of direct negotiation and the increasing development of the tasks of information provision and communication together with the protection of economic interests. Cultural activities are an area which is still too often neglected.
Le rôle des chambres de commerce et d’industrie allemandes
Authors: Walderdorff Philipp von
Published: January 2024

The association of german chambers of commerce and industry makes use of an extensive network to promote german businesses. This network is both complementary to, and in competition with, the diplomatie network and european networks.
Sécurité européenne : les enjeux et les réponses possibles
Authors: Andréani Gilles
Published: January 2024

The question of european security is too often dealt with from an institutional perspective when it is more suitable to start with analysis of its strategic context. This context has been profoundly modified in recent years. Former «threats» have now become «risks» and the roles of the United States of America and Russia have developed. Different responses are called for to correspond to these changes : possibilities being economic and political responses as well as those concerning defence in the strictest sense of the term.
Les relations scientifiques extérieures de la France
Authors: Kessler Marie-Christine
Published: January 2024

France’s external cultural policy substantially predates its internal cultural policy. This link with the past is at once both beneficial and constraining. While cooperation has been practised for a very long time, the french conception of the notion of cooperation is too unilateral, that is France is giving more than taking. Nowadays the steering of scientific and technical cooperation by the ministry of foreign affairs, through its policy of both close and flexible contacts with the scientific community, has begun to develop a form of cooperation which allows for a more spontaneous manifestation and pursuit of cultural activities.
L’action consulaire britannique : coopération et communication
Authors: Howarth Stephen
Published: January 2024

The objective of british consular policy is to protect british citizens temporarily abroad and not to administer on a day to day basis the expatriate community. Productivity in the services provided is sought, as much from a financial point of view (self-financing through passports) as from a desire to achieve practical results. Productivity depends on obtaining agreement from higher ranks. To these worries over internal productivity one can add the interest in external communications which are harder to control. Communications need to be wholly transparent in order to convince the public of the usefulness and the relevance of the activities engaged upon.
La gestion des crises par le service consulaire des États-Unis
Authors: Ward James
Published: January 2024

The current policy developed by the consular service is based upon experience acquired during crises which have occurred during the last few decades. These crises have demonstrated the necessity for an increase in the resources of the service and have led to an improvement in staff training and in relationships with the families of victims. The establishment of good relations with these families is done also with the aim of helping the government put into practice policies which may lead to a resolution of the crisis.
Les communautés expatriées et la gestion des crises
Authors: Janier André
Published: January 2024

Expatriate communities are by their very nature heterogeneous. Consequently they have differing relations with the authorities of their country of origin and may react differently in times of crisis. This is the reason why diplomatie representatives must try to acquire as complete a knowledge as possible of expatriates, to have regular contact with them and to make them aware of potential difficulties. Finally, it is important that close cooperation be established between the various chancelleries abroad.
La réforme de l’État et la conception française du service public
Authors: Chevallier Jacques
Published: January 2024

State reform has indirectly contributed towards the modification of the french conception of its public service. The manner in which administrative changes have been carried out has had an effect upon this conception due to the fact that civil servants and their organisations have become full time participants in public service provision. The reform has also modified administrative relations aimed at improving the level of public satisfaction, tending to give greater flexibility in personnel management and reorganizing administrative structures around two strategic and operational poles.
Introduction -Les syndicats de fonctionnaires
Authors: Siwek-Poudesseau Jeanne
Published: January 2024

Civil Servants' Trade Unions

Jeanne Siwek-Pouydesseau

Civil servants' trade unions are even more divided than unions in the private sector and the almost equal balance of power between reformists and protesters is a particular factor contributing to his situation. The exercise of trade union rights and the social relations within the administration have always been ambiguous, fluctuating between ritual institutionalisation and more open negociation practices. Given these conditions, is a real dialogue about reform really possible ? Evidence suggests that social diplomacy cannot be established without a minimum level of confidence, the introduction of which is beyond the scope of legal regulation.
La négociation interministérielle, une nouvelle voie pour le dialogue social ?
Authors: Pochard Marcel
Published: January 2024

Interministerial Negociation : a New Means for Social Dialogue ?

Marcel Pochard

The question has arisen as to whether or not the conclusion of agreements is set to become progressively a normal, and no longer exceptional way of mediating social relations within the civil service. This would be a substantial change because, traditionally, relations have been governed rather more by dialogue or participation, than by negociation. Negociation allows for better consideration to be given to the preoccupations of ail concemed, but it also has limits depending upon the legal regulation to which each participant is subject, upon financial and political uncertainties and also upon the attitude of certain trade unions which systematically contest ail agreements. What is necessary, moreover, it to facilitate the decentralisation of collective bargaining.
Valoriser les statuts pour rénover le service public
Authors: Avignon Pierre
Published: January 2024

Adding Value to the Status of Public Sector Employees in Order to Renovate the Public Service

Pierre Avignon

Civil servants and public sector employees have the feeeling that no good is to corne from the liberalisation of the public sector which is being encouraged by the European Commission, thus leading to a wide-spread feeling of defiance towards Europe. The question remains, therefore, as to the existence of a real political desire capable of promoting a social conception of Europe which is respectful of the security of employment in the public sector. But this objective cannot be achieved without recognition being given at European level to a distinct legal regime applicable to public services, and without an agreement of ail personnel concemed to demonstrate effectively that their status does not only confer rights upon them but also confers specifie duties towards the collectivity and towards their fellow citizens.
Quelle régulation sociale pour les entreprises publiques ?
Authors: Tixier Pierre Eric
Published: January 2024

Social Regulation for Public Enterprises :

What Sort of Regulation is Required ?

Pierre-Eric Tixier

Situating the client at the centre of their activities, public enterprises have recently been looking towards improving their service. The resulting policies have been at the origin of numerous social conflicts. Three examples (EDF, RATP and the postal service) illustrate the problems inherent in the social regulation of public enterprises. In order to find solutions to these problems, it is necessary to take into account the form of any social compromises made, the structures in place for enabling representation, and the question of outcomes.
La Commission pour la simplification des formalités administratives : essai de partenariat entre l'administration et les usagers
Authors: Prada Jean
Published: January 2024

The Commission for the Simplification of Administrative Formalities : Towards a Partnership Between the Administration and the Users

Jean Prada

Created in 1983, the Commission for the simplification of administrative formalities (COSIFORM) has as its aim the establishment of an organic link between service users and public authorities. It is a consultative body comprised of representatives of the administration and of service users. It operates under the strong political patronage of the Prime minister, which is an indispensable condition of the efficient execution of its tasks. Since its creation it has been asked to intervene on numerous occasions which reveal several dominant themes : the multiplication of administrative bodies, the coherency of requests emanating from these bodies, and the standardisation of their paper-work.
La codification en droit canonique
Authors: Toxé Philippe
Published: January 2024

Codification in Canon Law.

The Latin Catholic church codified its laws twice, in 1917 and 1983. The first code was both a response to the need to establish order amongst what was an abundance of legislation, and a reflection of ideological motives. Yet, despite the undeniable qualities of the work which was undertaken, the codified legal norms soon revealed themselves to be incapable of adapting to changes brought about by modernisation. It was in the light of these various objections that the drafting of a new code began. The aim of the authors of the new code was to make the code more effective while reconciling legal certainty and responsiveness to change.
Le rôle du ministère de la justice en Espagne
Authors: Pau Pedron Antonio
Published: January 2024

The Role of the Spanish Minister for Justice.

In Spain, the task of codification is conferred upon the General Commission on Codification. This Commission is composed of five services in charge of civil law, commercial law, public law, criminal law, and the law on procedure respectively. Its functions are variously to draft codes at the request of the minister for justice ; to revise existing legislation ; to write reports and deliver opinions upon legal questions raised by the government or the minister for justice ; and the technical and precise amendment of draft legislation.
La codification, facteur de croissance économique
Authors: Jacobs Scott
Published: January 2024

Codification : a Factor in Economic Growth.

Codification represents an important tool for ameliorating the economic environment and establishing conditions which permit rapid growth. Indeed, on the one hand it allows governments to have better control over the increase in legislative texts and the proliferation of legal norms and, on the other hand, in improving transparency, it facilitates the promotion of competition and international commercial transactions.
Les inforoutes et les administrations publiques : une approche systémique ou organiciste
Authors: Baquiast Jean-Paul
Published: January 2024

Information Super-highways and Public Administration : a Systemic Approach.

The development of information super-highways will bring about a redefinition of the relations which exist between the administration, businesses and citizens. This change will be just as important in areas where relations are based upon the expression of needs as in those concerned with the definition and implementation of means. One example of public policy which will be particularly affected by the eruption of new information technologies is that of training. Hence, a new delineation of roles will be necessary both in the area of information and orientation and in the establishment of programmes or indeed in that of training in the strict sense of the word. But, of course, these changes will only be noticeable in the sectors of society which are moving in this direction.
La politisation de l’administration britannique : ambitions, limites et problèmes conceptuels
Authors: Clifford Christopher , Wright Vincent
Published: January 2024

Politicisation of British Civil Service : Ambitions, Limits and Conceptual Problems.

During the period in which the Conservative government was in power, there was no increase in the political activities of British civil servants who remain independent from any overt political activity. On the other hand, the period is characterised by systematic tendencies aimed at limiting the autonomy of civil servants and at assuring their obedience. This politicisation occurred in accordance with criticism emanating from Conservative quarters and followed a three-stage strategy : first, Conservatives undertook to reduce the influence and autonomy of the civil service, then a reform of its organisational and ideological culture was undertaken, and finally political control over civil servants was reaffirmed.
Administration locale et démocratie : réformes récentes en Australie
Authors: Marshall Neil
Published: January 2024

Local Administration and Democracy : Recent Reforms in Australia

Recent local government reforms in Australia respond first of ail to economic preoccupations and aim to integrate principles of management into local structures, and to impose upon them the laws of the market and sharing of resources. But these reforms must also bear witness to the concern over protecting democratic values at local level. Evaluation of the impact of reforms on government functions seems to indicate that it remains rather low. In recent years the election of a federal government which defends rationalist principles has, however, accentuated the danger of privileging efficiency over democracy.
La planification, moteur de la réforme des grandes métropoles en Israël
Authors: Torgovnik Efraim
Published: January 2024

National Planning, a Major Tool for Metropolitanization in Israel

In Israel, important reforms have been undertaken in regions dominated by an urban megalopolis. Adopting a rational choice, institutional approach, the study focuses on action from above which generates central-local governance coalitions of change. National planning is a major tool for activating a metropolitan-regional policy change. Action from above provides for incentives, resources, linkages and binding central-local policy coalitions. Given the relatively low success of efforts to establish an area-wide metropolitan governing system via administrative-political change of metropolitan regions, the institutional multi-jurisdictional interactive governance approach proposed here is more likely to produce a change in behaviour structures. This supports some of the major findings in the research of the role of relativity autonomous institutions and their capacity for change.
La transposition de la directive européenne sur la protection des données personnelles au Royaume-Uni
Authors: Raab Charles D.
Published: January 2024

Transposition of the European Directive on Data Protection in the UK

While the transposition of the European directive into the domestic British legal order is at a more advanced stage than in a number of countries, it is still as yet incomplete. A study of the Data Protection Act 1984 and a comparison of this Act with the new 1998 Act makes it possible to chart the distance already covered and the stakes still to play for. The controlling body – the 'Registrar', in future the Commissioner – enjoys increased powers and will have to supervise the balance between the protection of private life and public access to information.
Les moyens de l’indépendance
Authors: Sernia Francesco
Published: January 2024

Means of Independence.

In Europe, the normative guarantees which apply to supreme audit institutions are numerous and very often are contained within the Constitution or organic laws. Autonomy of budgetary management is widely respected and is also a factor ensuring independence. However, some expenditure may be subjected to particular restrictions. While the heads of these institutions enjoy their autonomy, this does not always correspond with that of the rest of their personnel, particularly those employees who assist in applying the control mechanisms. Generally speaking, there is a notably persistent tendency of the administration to intervene indirectly in order to influence matters.
La construction d'une nouvelle doctrine de sécurité
Authors: Melchior Philippe
Published: January 2024

The Construction of a New Doctrine of Security.

Both in its conception and its organisation, the maintenance of public order has undergone profound changes in recent decades. The initial phenomenon has been a development in private security services. Furthermore, the state continues to assume its tradition role of maintaining order, but in new ways. In France, recent reforms centre the new doctrine of security upon notions of partnership and proximity. Finally, beyond the state, the international dimension of criminality is on the increase due to the development of migratory flows and to the possibilities opened up by new information technologies and communication. In the light of this new phenomenon only an organised flight waged at a global level would seem capable of being effective.
Le destin d'un rapport
Authors: Belorgey Jean-Michel
Published: January 2024

The Destiny of a Report.

The 1982 report on the national police by Jean-Michel Belorgey was immediately buried. Since then, a good number of its proposals and the debates which it raised remain relevant today. The reports which followed it have also not been successful, either because they simply made consensual proposals, or because no account was ever really taken of them. It is necessary to reflect upon the way to achieve more perseverance in this area.
L’École nationale d’administration de 1848-1849 : un échec révélateur Revue historique, 1976
Authors: Wright Vincent
Published: January 2024

The École Nationale d’Administration from 1848-1949 : a Revealing Failure ; Created by a decree in Mardi 1848, the ENA was disbanded after the victory of the right in August 1949. The very strong opposition to its existence had three sources : academie, political and administrative. The hostility of these groups not only related to the existence of opposing interests but also to tactical errors committed by the founders of the School who acted precipitously.
Administration publique et sociétés plurales en Afrique. Essai de réflexion sur l’interaction État-société, à travers l’exemple du Cameroun
Authors: Nlep Roger gabriel
Published: January 2024

Public Administration and Plural Societies in Africa Reflections upon the Interaction between State and Society – the Example of the Cameroon.

The Cameroon is characterised by social pluralism which results from tribal communitarianism and from its four periods of colonisation. It has, however, inherited a form of administration which tends towards the Weberian model, which has been inherited precisely from its colonial past. Consequently, the structure of the administration is influenced by a pluralist society and the administration tries to regulate this society. The interaction between pluralism and the unified administrative model has given rise to a form of administration which is distinct to the Cameroon. In particular, the administration, with its deployment throughout the territory, contributes towards a balanced distribution of power and the easing of social conflicts.
Les agences et la réforme de l’administration européenne
Authors: Vos Ellen
Published: January 2024

Agencies and European Administrative Reforms.

The European Commission is faced with a double challenge : responding to the growing increase in its work load through reform of its working practices and instituting control mechanisms to increase the transparency of its activities. One of the ways in which its work is being rationalised is through the use of European agencies which are charged with an expanding number of supervision activities. The development of agencies poses problems of legitimacy and the need to respect linguistic pluralism within the Union’s institutions. Furthermore, even if, in principle, the Commission retains its decision-making powers and does not delegate any regulatory powers, in times of crisis such as the spread of “mad cow” disease, analysis and decision-making are often difficult to discern.
Les préfets face aux juges : l’émergence d’une nouvelle régulation du pouvoir local
Authors: Contet Pierre
Published: January 2024

Prefects up Against Judges :

the Emergence of a New Form of Regulation of Local Power

The development of criminal liability has had an impact at ail levels of administrative and political action. The prefect is also subject to criminal liability : it being all the more symbolic given that the prefect is the State representative at local level.

The engagement of criminal liability is linked to the actions of the prefect and is part of a general move away from State liability. Decentralisation has operated a transfer of competences from the State in favor of local executives. Prefects, deprived of their traditional means of action, must personalise their relationships with those elected locally, whereas previously their powers were sufficient in themselves. Moreover, the type of control which they exercise no longer takes the form of supervision, but is a control of legality carried out a posteriori. The penal judge has, besides, an increasingly important role in reviewing the acts of public authorities, while the State disengages itself and normative rates proliferate and as a result become less effective.
La fonction préfectorale au Japon
Authors: Seizelet Éric
Published: January 2024

The Function of the Prefect in Japon

Within the framework of the centralising reforms of the Meiji era, departments were created and prefects introduced there, along the fines of the French model. Nominated by the Ministry of Home Affairs, they exercise supervision over local authorities. Since 1945 they have been the object of profound changes : henceforth called govemors, albeit still government representatives, they have also become representatives of the population of their department. Elected by direct universal suffrage from among the country’s political-administrative elite, they constitute an interface between national and local authority.
Genèse des politiques sportives publiques : le cas français
Authors: Arnaud Pierre
Published: January 2024

The Genesis of Public Policies on Sport. The French Example.

Relations between the French state and sporting activities have differed depending on the historical period under analysis. It was not until after the First World War that the political milieu began to take an interest in sport. State action encouraged sporting activities to the extent that they provided proof of French greatness. Since 1936, the state has possessed the means to intervene in sporting movements which, for their part, have sought to claim their own autonomy. This interventionism was suspended under the Vichy regime and the position arrived at during that era was not really called into question following Liberation. Since 1958, the state, in its guise as protector, has extended its domain to sporting activities with the creation of an Administration for sports comprising a number of services. Nevertheless, since 1981, decentralisation has meant the disengagement of the state in favour of local authorities to the extent that a question might be posed today as to the utility of a Ministry for Sports.
Le nouveau droit de l’organisation sportive italienne
Authors: Napolitano Giulio
Published: January 2024

Reform of the Organisation of Sport in Italy.

An analysis of the content of the new regulation shows that the decree does not just provide for a simple reorganisation of the Italian National Olympic Committee (INOC), but rather, sets out a wholesale reform of the organisation of sport in Italy. In fact, the criteria relating to the composition of the committees which direct the federations and the INOC have been substantially modified with provision made for direct participation by athletes and technicians and with changes made to the nature and organisation of the federations including the redefinition of their spheres of autonomy and the public interest aspects of their activity ; and to the functions and, above all, the internal structure of the INOC with the aim of bringing about modernisation and increased efficiency. Thus, the premises for a complete transformation of the organisation of sport in Italy are set out in order to go definitively beyond the strict state-based approach which has prevailed hereto.
La coopération administrative au Royaume-Uni et la formation
Authors: Duggett Michael , Steinhouse Adam , Wyatt Andrew
Published: January 2024

Administrative Cooperation in the United Kingdom and Training Programs

Governmental organizations in charge of defining training policies in the United Kingdom, and especially the Civil Service College, have conducted numerous programs in different countries of Central Europe, Africa and Asia, aiming to promote the British conception of civil service on the international level. The civil servant exchange programs and specific training programs developed in this framework stress the reality of British governance rather than administrative theory, which the British civil service is known to despise.
Kidney Outcomes with Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Initiation after AKI among Veterans with Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Murphy Daniel P. , Wolfson Julian , Reule Scott , Johansen Kirsten L. , Ishani Areef , Drawz Paul E.
Published: January 2024

Key Points

Post-AKI sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor use was associated with a reduced risk for progression of CKD and for recurrent AKI among veterans with diabetic kidney disease even after accounting for recovery from the index AKI.

A minority of Veterans with diabetic kidney disease received a sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor after having had AKI during the study period.

Background

The effect of sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) on kidney function after AKI is unknown.

Methods

The study population was drawn from a retrospective cohort of Veterans with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) and proteinuria. The study exposure was time-varying use of SGLT2i after an index AKI hospitalization. The two study outcomes were time to (1) a sustained decrease in eGFR over at least 3 months to <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and ≥30% below a post-AKI–updated eGFR and (2) recurrent hospitalization with AKI. AKI was defined as a rise in serum creatinine concentration to ≥50% above a moving outpatient creatinine baseline. DM2 was defined by ≥2 billing codes related to DM2 before the index AKI; proteinuria was defined by the most recent albuminuria, proteinuria, or urinalysis test. Veterans were required to have a baseline eGFR and an eGFR 3–12 months after the index AKI hospitalization ≥30 ml/min per 1.73 m2.

Results

Ten thousand thirty-six Veterans met study inclusion criteria. Two thousand seven hundred and ninety-four (28%) received a SGLT2i. Seven hundred and seventy-five (8%) had CKD progression, and 1816 (18%) had recurrent AKI over a median follow-up of 1.8 and 1.7 years, respectively, which began 1 year after the index AKI hospitalization. SGLT2i use was associated with lower risk for CKD progression (adjusted hazard ratio 0.72 [95% confidence interval, 0.57 to 0.91]) and for recurrent AKI (adjusted hazard ratio 0.75 [95% confidence interval, 0.65 to 0.88]).

Conclusions

SGLT2i use was associated with a lower risk for CKD progression and for recurrent AKI among those with diabetic kidney disease and recent AKI.
Bancos centrais na américa latina: independência, metas de inflação e desregulação dos mercados financeiros: até onde?
Authors: Cardoso Cilene Ribeiro , Gremaud Amaury Patrick
Published: January 2024

O artigo procura traçar uma visão histórica, com foco na América latina acerca das diferentes funções exercidas pelos Bancos Centrais, especialmente enquanto responsáveis pela política monetária dos países e, portanto, pela busca por manter a inflação em patamares suficientemente baixos, assim como enquanto regulador dos mercados financeiros e garantidor da chamada estabilidade financeira. Assim as questões aqui colocadas são: “Até onde o Banco Central deve também ser responsável pela estabilidade financeira?” ou “Qual deve ser a sua relação com outras instituições reguladoras do governo?” e “Até onde esta ação estabilizadora pode ou deve sacrificar a independência para conduzir a política monetária com vista à estabilização de preços?”
Desempenho agronômico de cebola sob diferentes tipos de adubação e dois sistemas de irrigação
Authors: Silva João Lucas Souza Figueiroa , Cordeiro Cláudia Barbosa , Moreira Bruna Corrêa , De Araújo Maysa Lorrane Medeiros , Cardoso Iara Farias , Da Silva Sandra Andréa Santos , Da Silva Rainério Meireles , Alves Júnior Miguel
Published: January 2024

A cebola entre as hortaliças é uma das mais cultivadas no mundo sendo a adubação e a irrigação essencial para o cultivo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho da cebola cultivar Mata Hari, em diferentes tipos de adubação e sistemas de irrigação. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Altamira-Pará, entre os meses de julho e dezembro de 2019. Foram instalados dois experimentos em conjunto, em blocos inteiramente casualizados, com 10 tratamentos em três repetições. Os tratamentos foram T1 solo sem adubação, T2 adubação química (NPK), T3 esterco de aves, T4 esterco de aves + (NPK), T5 esterco suíno, T6 esterco suíno + (NPK), T7 casqueiro de cacau, T8 casqueiro de cacau + (NPK), T9 pó de diabásio penatecaua, T10 pó de diabásio penatecaua + (NPK). Avaliando-se o diâmetro, altura, produção comercial e total dos bulbos. Foi observado uma tendência de aumento de produção comercial, tamanho do bulbo e produção total com a adição de NPK. Entre os tratamentos de adubação no sistema de irrigação santeno, o T4 (Esterco de Aves) apresentou os melhores resultados. Não houve diferença estatística significativa entre os tratamentos do sistema de irrigação por gotejamento, em relação ao santeno x gotejamento, o gotejamento foi superior em todos os parâmetros avaliados.
THE EFFECT OF IMPLEMENTING CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ON FINANCIAL REPORTING FRAUD (EMPIRICAL STUDY OF COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIAN STOCK EXCHANGE 2016-2021)
Authors: Purba Nursiti Inka Kristi , Syafruddin Muchamad
Published: January 2024

This study aims to explore the impact of corporate governance and its mechanisms in preventing companies from resorting to fraudulent financial reporting. The mechanism is based on eight corporate governance mechanisms, including board independence, board remuneration, managerial finance expertise, management industry expertise, board financial expertise, board industry expertise, board scope of effort and managerial ownership. For this purpose, using systematic random sampling, information from 40 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for six years from 2016 to 2021 was collected, and hypotheses were tested using a linear regression model. To measure fraudulent financial reporting, the Beneish-adjusted model was used to evaluate corporate governance. The mechanism used has been reviewed and calculated as a composite index of corporate governance. The findings indicate that strong corporate governance significantly reduces corporate intentions towards fraudulent financial reporting. A negative and significant relationship was observed between each of the eight corporate governance mechanisms, except for board remuneration which showed an insignificant positive relationship.
The enhancement of therapeutic effects of low-intensity ultrasound with spiky and spherical gold nanoparticles on CT26 cell line; an in vitro study
Authors: Gooniband Shooshtari Molood , Shiran Mohammad Bagher , Shirvalilou Sakine
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The utilization of combination therapy has gained attention in the medical field as it can enhance treatment efficacy while minimizing side effects. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been identified as a promising candidate for enhancing the bioeffects of ultrasound (US) waves. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to examine the impact of US irradiation when combined with spiky and spherical AuNPs on CT26 cells. Materials and Methods: Following a tailored composition, we devised and produced AuNPs with spiky and spherical morphologies. The properties of these nanoparticles were assessed using dynamic light scattering (DLS), voltammetry, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The CT26 cells were treated with the two types of nanoparticles and subsequently exposed to US radiation (1 W/cm2 , 1 MHz, and 10 minutes). The cytotoxic effects of various therapeutic interventions were assessed using MTT and flow cytometry assays. Results: This study’s findings indicate that nanoparticles’ morphology played a significant role in influencing the antitumor effects of US. Specifically, it was observed that the presence of spiky nanoparticles, when subjected to US, resulted in a significantly higher rate of cell death compared to spherical nanoparticles (P<0.001). Additionally, it was observed that the temperature changes induced by the spiky nanoparticles were comparatively lower. This observation implies that nanoparticles with spiky morphology enhance the non-thermal effects of US waves. Conclusion: The outcomes demonstrate a noteworthy augmentation in the biological impacts, specifically the non-thermal effects of US waves when employed in conjunction with spiky nanoparticles.
World Kidney Day; previous experience influences future directions
Authors: Zandifar Samaneh , Baharani Jyoti , Khayyat Azadeh , Esmaeil Pour Mohammad Ali , Ghasemi Maryam , Tolouian Ramin
Published: January 2024

World Kidney Day is an annual, global awareness campaign that aims to raise awareness of the importance of kidney health and hopes to alleviate the global burden of kidney diseases. It is observed annually on the second Thursday of March. The campaign focuses on elucidating various aspects of kidney health, including prevention, early detection, and management of kidney diseases. It highlights the risk factors contributing to kidney disease, such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. By raising awareness about these risk factors, World Kidney Day encourages individuals to make lifestyle modifications and promptly seek medical intervention to reduce their risk factors.
Religious Tourism and its Impact on Entrepreneurial Development at Kartarpur Corridor, Punjab-Pakistan
Authors: Bacha Dr. Maseeh Ullah
Published: January 2024

Pakistan is a country extravagantly blessed by Almighty Allah with variety of different industries that mainly include agriculture, and textile. However, one industry that remains undiscovered but well prospering and flourishing is that of Religious Tourism. Pakistan is a diverse country with different ethnicities, and one significant aspect of its religious tourism industry is the Kartarpur corridor, a renowned site among Sikh aficionados. This visa-free corridor is a great site for religious tourism and contributes to the growth of the tourism industry, which has substantial economic potential in Pakistan. The present study aims to explore the importance of the Kartarpur corridor, which is a groundbreaking development for the Sikhs. The corridor has historical and religious significance as it was where the Guru of monotheistic religion known as Sikhism, Nanak Sahib, spent the last 18 years of his life from 1522 to 1539 and passed away at the age of 69. The photogenic and prepossessing site of Kartarpur attracts tourists from all over the world, generating revenue for Pakistan through religious tourism. Entrepreneurial activities are encouraged by religious tourism in various ways, such as promoting the growth of local businesses like small barber shops, massage therapy spas, cafés, and fashion boutiques. The primary survey conducted for this empirical research, with a sample size of 350 questionnaires from tourists, entrepreneurs, and management surrounding Guru Nanak Sahib, shows the relationship between followers of Guru Nanak and the promotion of entrepreneurial activities. The perceptions of tourists and local businesses at Kartarpur about the welfare and wellbeing, protection and security, soundness, reliability, and sanctuaries for tourists demonstrate their positive perceptions about religious tourism. The determination and verdict of the study indicate that the religious site of Kartarpur in Pakistan can play a significant role in promoting economic growth and painting a peaceful picture through the increased arrival of international and local tourists.
The influence of plating with flat bars around technological cutouts on the stress state of a 37500 tdw chemical tanker
Authors: Tărăbuși Ana Maria , Cristea Anișoara Gabriela
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study is to determine the stress states of the plating around the technological cutouts of a 37500 tdw chemical tanker under normal operational conditions, taking into account the efficiency of operational optimization and structural strength increase. This study will assess the stress state in the double bottom region of the ship, which experiences the most significant external loads from hydrostatic water pressure and internal loads from cargo pressure.
Determination of stress state and deformations that can appear in tranversal frames of a 48309 dwt bulk carrier
Authors: Moguș Cosmin , Cristea Anișoara Gabriela
Published: January 2024

The main objective of this study case is to analyze the response in terms of stress and deformation of transversal frames of a bulk carrier that occur due to the applied loads. This assessment helps ensure the safety of the vessel in terms of structural strength and resistance and to determine the best solutions to apply in unfavorable scenarios. The analysis will be performed on a cargo tank, for three static stress cases, the vessel being placed on still water, on sagging and hogging.
Comparative static FEA of equipment foundations on marine vessels: standard, stiffened, and structural integrated
Authors: Jarcă Oana Mirela , Perijoc Dumitru Silviu
Published: January 2024

This study case presents a comprehensive static finite element analysis (FEA) of an equipment foundation aboard a marine vessel, conducted in three distinctive scenarios. The initial analysis adheres to a generalized standard, providing a baseline for structural performance. Subsequently, the same foundation is re-evaluated with the addition of stiffening brackets, aimed at enhancing rigidity and load distribution capabilities. The final analysis transitions from the theoretical models to practical application, examining the foundation as it is truly mounted and integrated within the ship's structure. Each scenario is meticulously compared to assess the impact of design modifications and integration on the foundation's performance.
Determination of Stress Concentration Factor for a Rectangular Bar with Fillet Under Axial Loading: An Artificial Neural Networks Approach
Authors: BOAZU Doina
Published: January 2024

Using computer techniques, stress concentration factors from the graphs can be converted into numerical values. Stress concentration factor values were collected in a database and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model can be developed for improving and extending the database. ANN model provides accuracy in obtaining the stress concentration factor values.
El derecho a que un proceso concluya en un plazo razonable obliga al legislador a fijar un plazo determinado del proceso
Authors: Contreras Campos Elmer Elías
Published: January 2024

En este artículo se aborda un tema que en los últimos años forma parte de los discursos de los abogados, los jueces e incluso de los políticos, nos referimos al derecho a ser juzgado en un plazo razonable, aunque nosotros preferimos denominarlo «derecho a que un proceso concluya en un plazo razonable». Pero no nos vamos a contentar con una presentación histórico-dogmática de este derecho, sino que abordaremos el problema que apreciamos en el desarrollo de los procesos: sin que se le fije un plazo determinado, el derecho a que un proceso concluya en un plazo razonable pierde vigencia y algunas veces es ilusorio. Por eso, después de analizar las propuestas doctrinarias, como la teoría del no plazo —que ha sido adoptada por tribunales internacionales (Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos [TEDH] y Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos [Corte IDH]), así como el Tribunal Constitucional y la Corte Suprema del Perú—; y la teoría del plazo determinado, proponemos nuestra posición, la teoría del plazo determinado fijado por el legislador, pero con la adecuación, caso por caso, por el juez. Luego pasamos al análisis de este derecho en el proceso civil, más específicamente en el proceso sumarísimo. Para ello desarrollamos los alcances del Noveno Pleno Casatorio Civil, y llamamos la atención a que los jueces supremos no han tomado en cuenta que la duración del proceso sumarísimo, en algunos supuestos, podría ser mayor a la de un proceso de conocimiento, e incluso agregarse la duración del proceso sumarísimo suspendido (se detuvo porque tenía que resolverse previamente un aspecto de la controversia, en un proceso de conocimiento), por lo que se afectaría el derecho a que un proceso concluya en un plazo razonable, situación que no ha sido advertida por los magistrados de la Corte Suprema en el mencionado pleno casatorio.