bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Software-Defined Optics in Last Mile for Research and Education in the Czech Republic
Authors: Kundrát Jan
Published: March 2017

The Software Defined Networking (SDN) gained recognition due to its improvements at the packet switching and routing layers. The benefits of programmable, remotely controllable networking devices can be applied to the optical layer of contemporary networks as well. This work introduces CESNET's Czech Light~® family of devices and their role in enabling the SDN approach within the CESNET's production network. As a case study, an upgrade of the Cheb node in CESNET's network from a hard-spliced add-drop multiplexers to SDN-capable Reconfigurable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers (ROADM) is presented. The upgrade improved operational capabilities of the network, including remote channel equalization, and the possibility to deploy new channels or lambdas without physical intervention. The deployment of ROADM also improved the optical properties of the network.
PMD Study & Measurement – Fixed Analyzer Method
Authors: Motuz Rastislav , Munster Petr , Filka Miloslav
Published: March 2017

The paper theoretically describes Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) which is important parameter in high-speed optical networks. Furthermore, compensation methods and measurement principles are presented. Main attention is given to Fixed Analyzer (FA) method that uses common research laboratory equipment in setup. We performed practical measurement of the PMD by using Optical Spectrum Analyzer (OSA) Anritsu MS9740A, in-line polarizers and a polarization controller. To verify the accuracy of measurements Reference Measurement (RM) using a modular platform EXFO FTB-200 in combination with CD/PMD module EXFO FTB-5700 was performed. Moreover, PMD etalons with defined values of delay was used for measurement. All results were evaluated in comparison with defined limit values.
SUPERVISI KUNJUNGAN KELAS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI PEDAGOGIK GURU SDN CUKIL 01, TENGARAN, KABUPATEN SEMARANG
Authors: Argiani Astiti Rahayu , Slameto Slameto
Published: March 2017

The problems background in the learning process, teacher and pupils are interpedently connected to one another in the learning classroom process, it is because conversation and encounter process occurred. This learning process is not an uncommon issue. The problems are teacher has not finish classroom materials for the learning process, which cause an impact on the learning process’s implementation, teacher has not developed educational learning’s process, and teacher has not mastered today’s technology. Based on those complications, the best solution is implementing classroom’s visits supervision. The problem’s formulation in this study is whether the supervision of classroom visit can improve teacher’s pedagogical competence at Elementary School of Cukil 01, Tengaran. The research’s purpose is to enhance teacher’s pedagogical competence though the classroom visit’s supervision at Elementary School of Cukil 01, Tengaran The research’s type is school action research which is applied through the phase of identification of focus’s areas, data gathering, analyzes and data interpretation, plan’s arranging, and implementation of the action. The research’s subject is ten teachers through interview and also documentary study. The data gathering’s technique used though interview, observation, questionnaire, and also documentary study. The data processing’s techniques are done with data classifying, data presentation and verification. The validity of test data is using data’s triangulation. The research’s result shows two point they are: (1) The implementation of classroom visit’s supervision obtains a maximum score, that is 94% with a very good criteria (AB) and minimum score is 74% with a good criteria (B). Feedback that is performed also given which is showed are mostly positive answers. (2) The teacher’s pedagogical competence obtains a maximum score, that is 88% with very good criteria (AB) and a minimum score is 70% with a good criteria (B).To conclude the research’s result, through the classroom visit’s supervision is able to improve the teacher’s competence at Elementary School of Cukil 01, Tengaran. Suggestions offered, there should be continuity of the classroom visit’s supervision in the school that agree by all teachers to improve the teachers’ competence in the implementation of learning.
STRATEGI PENINGKATAN MUTU DAN CITRA (IMAGE)SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI DI UNGARAN, SEMARANG
Authors: Maamarah Siti , Supramono Supramono
Published: March 2017

This study aimed to determine the root of the problem of low quality and image of SDN 02 and 04 Ungaran and also to define the strategie to improve the quality and to build the image of SDN 02 and 04 Ungaran. This qualitative descriptive study used fishbone analysis and data collection used Focus Group Discussion (FGD), interviews, and study of document. The results showed that the root problem of low quality of SDN 02 and 04 Ungaran were learners
had low ability, teachers provided less motivation of learning, the willingness of teachers to improve teaching skills were low, teachers were elderly, teachers did not plan learning activities by themselves, school principle had never participated in managerial training, non standard size of classrooms and the library had not been adequate. The root of the problem why the image of SDN Ungaran 02 and 04 were not good enough namely: the lack of academic supervition and extracurricular competent. Strategies to improve the quality and to build image of SDN 02 and 04 Ungaran were : a)implementing ongoing supervision by principle to raise teachers motivation, b)proposing for aid to the authorities both for the rehabilitation of classrooms and procurement of books, c) involving school committee in order to improve the school environment, and d) forming school developer team in academic achievement and extracurricular activities.
SUPERVISI PENDIDIKAN OLEH PENGAWAS SEKOLAH
Authors: Slameto Slameto
Published: March 2017

The problem in this research was related to the effectiveness of supervision programs implemented by the school superintendent and formulated by: 1) What were the steps supervision was conducted by a school supervisor? 2) How were the results of supervision for teachers in improving the quality of education? 3) What were the constraints and any supporting factors faced by school inspectors in carrying out its duties and functions? This study used a study document on the results of previous studies. The data collected by searching through Google Scholar journal. From the search results obtained by 26 then selected to obtain 9 journals which fill in criteria needed. From these 9 journals then conducted a meta-analysis. The results related to measures of supervision performed by school inspectors programmed, structured attention to the vision, mission and goals of partner schools and their regulations: include academic supervision carried out by applying the techniques of individuals and groups. Evaluation results were obtained surveillance program varies, ranging from moderate to attribute positive results. Evaluation of the implementation of supervision was ranged from the low category to very well performance. The evaluations toward the result supervision were also varying from low category, moderate to perform effectively. Constraints faced by school inspectors in carrying out their duties and functions to be involved in external conditions and internal inspectors concerned.
EVALUASI PROGRAM TUNJANGAN PROFESI GURU DI SMP NEGERI KABUPATEN KENDAL
Authors: Yantono Akhmad
Published: March 2017

This study aimed to evaluate the level of achievement of teachers’ professional allowance goal in SMP Negeri 1 Pageruyung Kendal. This study useds a goal-oriented evaluation models developed by Ralph Winfred Tyler. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, observation, documentation and triangulation to ensure the validity of the data. Source of data was from the principal, teachers and students. Data were analyzed using qualitative analysis. The results showed that teachers’ professional allowance in SMP Negeri 1 Pageruyung: 1) has been able to raise the dignity of teachers, although the elements of scientific research has not been done by all teachers, and done only by one teacher. 2) has been able to improve the competence of teachers, although the elements of time management in the classroom has not been effective; the element of teachers questioning skill was not maximum; and the elements of evaluation, assessment tools have not been developed in accordance with the purpose of learning. 3) have not been able to advance the teachers professional because the teachers thoughts has not been communicated yet in the environment of the school and scientific forums. 4) has been able to improve the quality of learning, although in the assessment, teachers have not provided written comments on the test results, and has not given an assignment to write or read the related materials that have been learned. 5) has been able to improve the quality education services for learners.
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES PEMECAHAN MASALAH DAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PBL TERINTEGRASI PENILAIAN AUTENTIK PADA SISWA KELAS VI SDN 2 BENGLE, WONOSEGORO
Authors: Giarti Sri
Published: March 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan keterampilan proses pemecahan masalah, hasil belajar Matematika siswa kelas VI SD Negeri 2 Bengle  menggunakan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) terintegrasi penilaian autentik. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas, yang terdiri dari dua siklus. Masing-masing siklus terdiri atas tahapan perencanaan tindakan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan rubrik penilaian keterampilan proses pemecahan masalah, dan soal tes Matematika materi Debit air. Analisis data dilaku-kan dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif komparatif yaitu membandingkan kondisi awal sebelum dilakukan tindakan, hasil siklus 1, dan siklus 2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan temuan bahwa model PBL terintegrasi penilaian autentik dapat: a) meningkakan keterampilan proses pemecahan masalah matematika siswa kelas VI SD Negeri 2 Bengle, Wonosegoro - Boyolali. Persentase kenaikan kete-rampilan pemecahan masalah matematika sebesar 28,54% untuk siklus 1 dan 35,46 % untuk siklus 2. b) Meningkatkan persentase jumlah siswa yang mencapai ketuntasan belajar minimal (KKM) berikut: pada kondisi awal, persentase pencapaian KKM sebesar 30,77% (4 siswa), pada siklus 1  persentase meningkat menjadi 53,84% (7 siswa), dan pada siklus 2 persentase jumlah siswa yang mencapai KKM meningkat menjadi 84,61% (11 siswa).
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KETRAMPILAN MENCOLET DAN HASIL BELAJAR MEMBATIK MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING BERBANTUAN VIDEO
Authors: Endriyani Endriyani
Published: March 2017

Penelitian ini berangkat dari keadaan awal siswa di kelas 7 SMP Negeri 2 Gedangsari pada mata pelajaran keterampilan batik yang masih kurang memuaskan. Dari 34 siswa yang termasuk kategori terampil hanya 5 orang (14,7%), dan siswa yang mendapatkan nilai tes diatas KKM (75) hanya sebanyak 14 orang (41%). Hal ini disebabkan karena pembelajaran masih berpusat pada guru, dan metode yang digunakan masih konvensional. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan keterampilan mencolet batik dan hasil belajar siswa kelas VIII B melalui model pembelajaran CTL berbantuan video. Penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dengan model Kemmis dan Taggart yang terdiri dari dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Indikator keberhasilan penelitian adalah 80% siswa terampil mencolet batik, dan mendapatkan nilai diatas KKM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan keterampilan mencolet dan hasil belajar keterampilan dari siklus I ke siklus II. Pada siklus I, siswa yang termasuk kategori terampil meningkat menjadi 15 orang (44%), dan siswa yang mendapatkan hasil belajar diatas KKM sebanyak 25 orang (73,5%). Sedangkan pada siklus II, siswa yang termasuk kategori terampil sebanyak 28 orang (82%), dan siswa yang mendapatkan hasil belajar diatas KKM meningkat menjadi 32 orang (94%). Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan model CTL berbantuan video dapat meningkatkan keterampilan mencolet batik dan hasil belajarnya, sehingga disarankan untuk digunakan.
IMPLEMENTASI PENELITIAN TINDAKAN KELAS
Authors: Slameto Slameto
Published: March 2017

Dalam tahap Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK), langkah merencanakan merupakan langkah pertama. Tanpa rencana, kegiatan yang kita lakukan tidak akan terarah. Rencana akan menjadi acuan dalam melaksanakan tindakan. Melakukan tindakan sebagai langkah yang kedua. Tanpa tindakan, rencana hanya merupakan angan-angan yang tidak pernah menjadi kenyataan. Dalam implementasi PTK tahap merencanakan dan melakukan tindakan terdiri dari langkah utama yaitu: mengiden-tifikasi masalah, menganalisis dan merumuskan masalah, merencanakan tindakan kelas, melaksanakan tindakan kelas (membuat perencanaan, melaksanakan, observasi, analisis dan refleksi), mengumpulkan data dan menganalisis data tentang proses dan hasil beserta tindak-lanjutnya; terakhir adalah menulis laporan. Langkah-langkah ini merupakan langkah yang berurutan; artinya langkah pertama harus dikerjakan lebih dahulu sebelum langkah kedua dilaksanakan, demikian seterusnya.
SEBUAH TINJAUAN MENGENAI STIMULUS BERPIKIR KRITIS BAGI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Purba Romirio Torang
Published: March 2017

Berpikir kritis adalah proses berpikir yang cukup kompleks. Kekomplek-sannya ini membuat sebagian orang pesimis untuk bisa menghadirkannya dalam proses pembelajaran di sekolah dasar. Temuan dari hasil-hasil penelitian beraneka ragam, namun tetap, masih menjadi pertanyaan, stimulus apa yang paling memungkinkan bagi siswa sekolah dasar untuk berpikir kritis. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan hal mendasar yang dapat menstimulus berpikir kritis di sekolah dasar. Melalui pembahasan dari beberapa literatur, ditemukan bahwa masalah dan dialog dapat menjadi dasar bagi kehadiran berpikir kritis dalam proses pembela-jaran di sekolah dasar.
KEEFEKTIFAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PICTURE AND PICTURE DAN MAKE A MATCH DITINJAU DARI HASIL BELAJAR DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPA KELAS 4 SD GUGUS MAWAR - SURUH
Authors: Utama Mawardi , Sari Desty Lusia
Published: March 2017

Pembelajaran IPA adalah ilmu yang mempelajari peristiwa di alam dengan melakukan observasi, eksperimentasi, penyimpulan agar siswa mempunyai pengetahuan yang diperoleh dari pengalaman melalui serangkaian proses ilmiah yaitu penyelidikan, penyusunan dan penyajian gagasan. Model pembelajaran Picture and Picture dan Make a Match adalah model pembelajaran yang menjadi solusi permasalahan pembelajaran IPA yang masih bersifat hafalan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya perbedaan keefektifan yang signifikan antara model pembelajaran Picture and Picture dan Make a Match ditinjau dari hasil belajar IPA kelas 4 SD gugus Mawar Suruh. Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian eksperimen jenis quasi experiment dengan desain Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Hasil uji kesetaraan pada kelompok eksperimen dan kontrol menunjukkan adanya kesamaan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dan observasi. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah gugus Mawar Suruh dan sampelnya siswa kelas 4 SDN Plumbon 01, SDN Plumbon 04, dan SDN Kebowan 02. Teknik analisis data yang dipakai untuk menguji skor hasil belajar siswa adalah uji t dengan teknik Independent Sample t- Test. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan model pembelajaran Picture and Picture dan Make a Match ditinjau dari hasil belajar IPA pada SD gugus Mawar Suruh. Hal tersebut dapat dibuktikan setelah dilakukan uji t posttest yang menunjukkan bahwa nilai t hitung dan t tabel adalah 0,538 dan 1,994 dengan sig. (2-tailed) adalah 0,592.
PENERAPAN SUPERVISI AKADEMIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI GURU DALAM MENYUSUN ADMINISTRASI PENILAIAN DI SD LABORATORIUM UKSW
Authors: Astuti Suhandi
Published: March 2017

Tujuan penelitian tindakan kepala sekolah ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kompetensi pedagogik guru-guru di SD Laboratorium Salatiga dalam menyusun administrasi penilaian melalui supervisi akademik. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan sekolah. Kegiatan dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas tahapan perencanaan tindakan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi.Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik obeservasi kelas.Instrumen observasi yang digunakan adalah alat penilaian kemampuan guru (APKG) berupa Instrument penilaianadministrasi pembelajaran . Analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis deskriptif komparatif. Data kuantitatif yang diperoleh di deskripsikan dalam bentuk kata-kata atau penjelasan. Selanjutkan dilakukan komparasi data untuk memastikan ada tidaknya peningkatan kemampuan guru dalam penilaian administrasi pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan temuan bahwa supervisi akademik dapat meningkatkan kemampuan guru-guru dalam menyusun administrasi penilaian dalam pembelajaran di SD Laboratorium Salatiga sebesar 26,2%.
PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA SMAN KABUPATEN KULON PROGO DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL TGT BERBANTUAN ALAT PERAGA DITINJAU DARI KECERDASAN SPASIAL
Authors: Prihatnani Erlina
Published: March 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) manakah yang menghasilkan prestasi belajar yang lebih baik, siswa yang dikenai model pembelajaran TGT dengan menggunakan alat peraga 2D atau 3D, (2) manakah yang menghasilkan prestasi belajar yang lebih baik, siswa dengan tingkat kecerdasan spasial tinggi, sedang, atau rendah, (3) apakah terdapat interaksi antara model pembelajaran TGT menggunakan alat peraga dan kecerdasan spasial terhadap prestasi belajar. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa SMA Negeri kelas X di Kabupaten Kulon Progo dengan teknik pengambilan sampel Stratified Cluster Random Sampling diperoleh 133 sampel. Penelitian eksperimen semu ini dilaksanakan dalam pembelajaran matematika pada materi dimensi tiga dengan desain the randomize control group pretest-posttest design. Uji normalitas dengan metode Kolmogorov-smirnov, uji homogenitas dengan metode Levene, uji keseimbangan kemampuan awal menggunakan Independent Sample T-Test dan uji hipotesis dengan menggunakan Anava dua jalan dengan sel tak sama (2x3 faktorial). Keseluruhan uji menggunakan SPSS dengan taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menyimpulkan (1) prestasi belajar siswa yang dikenai model pembelajaran TGT dengan menggunakan alat peraga 3D lebih baik daripada yang menggunakan alat peraga 2D, (2) prestasi belajar siswa dengan tingkat kecerdasan spasial tinggi lebih baik daripada sedang maupun rendah dan prestasi belajar siswa dengan tingkat kecerdasan spasial sedang sama dengan rendah, (3) tidak terdapat interaksi antara model pembelajaran TGT dengan menggunakan alat peraga dan kecerdasan spasial terhadap prestasi belajar siswa.
PELAKSANAAN PERILAKU SEHAT PADA ANAK USIA DINI DI PAUD PURWOMUKTI DESA BATUR KECAMATAN GETASAN
Authors: Astuti Apriliana Kuntoro
Published: March 2017

Tumbuh berkembangnya anak usia dini yang optimal tergantung dari perilaku sehat yang dilakukan. Perilaku sehat yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah perilaku makan dan minum; perilaku terhadap kebersihan diri; perilaku terhadap kebersihan lingkungan; perilaku terhadap sakit dan penyakit; perilaku keseimbangan (olahraga yang rutin, istirahat dan tidur yang cukup). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perilaku sehat anak usia dini di PAUD Purwomukti, Desa Batur, Kecamatan Getasan, Kab. Semarang sebagai rekomendasi pada lembaga  PAUD untuk bisa ditindaklanjuti, karena lembaga PAUD sebagai patner bagi orang tua murid harusnya melakukan edukasi tentang perilaku sehat bagi anak usia dini dan menjadi tempat kedua untuk melakukan pembiasaan perilaku sehat tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif dengan metode survei, dilakukan melalui penyebaran angket secara langsung kepada 27 orang tua/wali murid PAUD Purwomukti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perilaku sehat anak usia dini di PAUD Purwomukti belum dilaksanakan dengan baik oleh peserta didik. Hal ini ditunjukan oleh perilaku yang berada dalam kriteria cukup diantaranya perilaku kebersihan lingkungan  58%, perilaku terhadap kebersihan diri 63%  dan perilaku keseimbangan (kebutuhan tidur dan aktifitas) 65%. Sedang perilaku makan dan minum 75%; perilaku terhadap sakit dan penyakit 82% berada dalam kriteria baik.
The Paleogene Tectonostratigraphy Of Northern Part Masalima Trench Basin
Authors: Siringoringo Luhut Pardamean , Noeradi Dardji
Published: March 2017

Northern part of Masalima Trench Basin is located in the southern part of the Strait of Makassar, which includes Masalima Trough and Massalima High. The area of research is an extension of the South Makassar Basin which extends from South Makassar Basin to the Northeast part of Java Sea. Subsurface data are used such as 2D seismic sections (21 lines) and data drilling wells (2 wells) to understand the tectonic structure in the basin formation and understand the stratigraphic order of basin.

Based on well data can be known that Northern part Masalima Trench Basin is aborted rift because marked by post rift phase. Northern part Masalima Trench Basin was formed by normal faults which have trend northeast-southwest with  pre rift, early syn rift, late syn rift, and post rift sediment geometry. Early syn rift sediment was Middle Eocene, late syn rift sediment was Middle Eocene till Early Oligocene and post rift sediment was Early Oligocene till Early Miocene. The Depositional environment of early syn rift phase such as beach, shallow marine, and land. The Depositional environment of late syn rift phase such as beach till deep marine, and the depositional environment of post rift is deep marine.
Sex differences in invasive pneumococcal disease and the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in the Netherlands, 2004 to 2015
Authors: Wagenvoort Gertjan H J , Sanders Elisabeth A M , Vlaminckx Bart J , de Melker Hester E , van der Ende Arie , Knol Mirjam J
Published: March 2017

Implementation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in the Netherlands (PCV7 in 2006 and PCV10 in 2011) for infants caused a shift in serotypes in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). We explored sex differences in serotype-specific IPD incidence before and after vaccine introduction. Incidences in the pre-PCV7 (June 2004–May 2006), post-PCV7 (June 2008–May 2011) and post-PCV10 period (June 2013–May 2015), stratified by age, were compared. Incidence was higher in men for all age groups (overall in men: 16.7, 15.5 and 14.4/100,000 and women: 15.4, 13.6 and 13.9/100,000 pre-PCV7, post-PCV7 and post-PCV10, respectively), except for 20–39 year-olds after PCV7 and 40–64 year-olds after PCV10 introduction. After PCV7 and PCV10 introduction, the overall IPD incidence decreased in men aged 20–39 years (from 5.3 pre-PCV7 to 4.7 and 2.6/100,000 post-PCV7 and post-PCV10, respectively), whereas it showed a temporary increase in women (from 3.9/100,000 pre-PCV7 to 5.0/100,000 post-PCV7 and back to 4.0/100,000 post-PCV10) due to replacement disease. PCV10 herd effects were observed throughout, but in women older than 40 years, a significant increase in non-PCV10 serotype offset a decrease in overall IPD incidence. Ongoing surveillance of IPD incidence by sex is important to evaluate the long-term effects of PCV implementation.
Registration of ‘Pritchett’ Soft White Winter Club Wheat
Authors: Garland-Campbell Kim , Carter Arron H. , Jones Stephen S. , Chen Xianming , DeMacon Patricia , Higginbotham Ryan , Engle Doug , Guy Stephen O. , Mundt Chris C. , Murray Timothy D. , Morris Craig F. , See Deven
Published: March 2017

Soft white club wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. compactum) is a unique component of wheat production in the Pacific Northwest, comprising 10 to 12% of the wheat crop. It is valued for milling and baking functionality and marketed for export in a 10 to 30% blend with soft white wheat known as western white. Our goal was to develop a club wheat cultivar for the traditional club wheat‐growing region of central Washington, with better soilborne disease resistance than currently grown cultivars. The bulk pedigree breeding method was used to select Pritchett (Reg. No. CV‐1123, PI 678944) from the cross: ‘Chukar’/2*‘Bruehl’. Pritchett has significantly better grain yield and grain volume weight in environments receiving less than 30 cm annual precipitation than Bruehl, the cultivar that it is targeted to replace. Pritchett has better milling quality, producing larger diameter cookies and greater volume sponge cake. Pritchett has effective adult plant resistance to stripe rust, has moderate resistance to Cephalosporium stripe, and carries the Pch1 gene for moderate resistance to eyespot. Pritchett carries the Rht‐B1b allele for reduced plant height but has excellent emergence from deep sowing. Pritchett was released because of its superior agronomic productivity in the targeted region, combined with resistance to multiple diseases and superior end use quality.
Registration of Two Soybean Germplasm Lines Containing Leaf‐Chewing Insect Resistance QTLs from PI 229358 and PI 227687 Introgressed into ‘Benning’
Authors: Ortega María A. , Lail Lauren A. , Wood E. Dale , All John N. , Li Zenglu , Boerma H. Roger , Parrott Wayne A.
Published: March 2017

Two soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm lines, Benning‐ME (Reg. No. GP‐405, PI 679958) and Benning‐MGHE (Reg. No. GP‐406, PI 679959), were developed by the University of Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations. Control of insect pests is crucial in soybean production; host‐plant resistance reduces the need for insecticide applications, thus diminishing production costs and pesticide concerns. In soybean, resistance to a broad range of leaf‐chewing insects is found in the Japanese accessions PI 229358 and PI 227687. In PI 229358, resistance is conferred by quantitative trait loci (QTLs) M, H, and G. In PI 227687, resistance is conferred by QTL‐E. To enhance soybean resistance to leaf‐chewing insects, QTLs of PI 229358 and PI 227687 were pyramided in Benning‐ME and Benning‐MGHE, which are near‐isogenic lines of ‘Benning’ obtained through marker‐assisted backcrossing. Under field conditions, Benning‐ME and Benning‐MGHE sustain 67 and 57% less defoliation than Benning, respectively. To determine the QTL introgressions in each line, high‐density single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes were obtained using the SoySNP50K iSelect BeadChip (Illumina). To facilitate selection of lines carrying a specific QTL pyramid, Kompetitive Allele Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction markers were developed for high‐throughput genotyping. These lines are valuable genetic resources for breeding of host‐plant resistance to insects in soybean. The combination of QTL‐M and QTL‐E provides agriculturally relevant levels of resistance, and with only two loci, the use of this pyramid is feasible in a breeding program.
Survey of Random Blood Sugar Levels Amongst Leprosy-disabled People in Bangladesh
Authors: Butlin C Ruth , Hossain Delwar , Singh Suren , Warrender TS
Published: March 2017

People with leprosy-related disability in north west Bangladesh were surveyed for diabetes. According to patient reports,97 (27.1/1000) already knew they suffered from diabetes mellitus. Amongst 3573 subjects who underwent a random blood sugar test, anyone with random blood sugar level above 11.0 mmol/l was referred for confirmation of diabetes and advice (111). Unexpectedly, we also found that 30.1% asymptomatic people without a previous diagnosis of diabetes had random blood sugar in the impaired glucose tolerance range (i.e. 7.8- 11.0 mmol/l). These people were asked to have a second blood test for fasting blood sugar level, and if this was high (above 7.0 mmol/l) they were advised to have a review with a doctor, preferably at the local diabetic clinic. A sample of people (5%) with Blood sugar levels in the normal range were also invited to have a second test for fasting blood sugar; amongst them only 2 had elevated fasting blood sugar levels (>7.0). Thus another 14 were referred with high fasting blood sugar levels. Of those125 people (considered to be Diabetes suspects) newly-detected with hyperglycaemia, 121 attended a suitable service provider for confirmation/exclusion of diabetes, within 1month of their abnormal blood test. Of them 47 (37.6%) were diagnosed with diabetes. However, 4 people did not take action as advised, and 2 died before attending clinic. Taking into account new diagnoses and old, we estimate a minimum prevalence of 40.3/1,000 amongst leprosy-disabled people in NW Bangladesh. These findings indicate the advisability of routine screening for diabetes amongst people affected by leprosy during routine clinic reviews, and that the ability and motivation to manage their own self-care of people with leprosy related disability and diabetes should be assessed. Appropriate follow up and advice for those with blood sugar in impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) range needs consideration, to minimise their future risk.Bangladesh J Medicine Jan 2017; 28(1) : 13-23
Birch Bark Dry Extract by Supercritical Fluid Technology: Extract Characterisation and Use for Stabilisation of Semisolid Systems
Authors: Armbruster Markus , Mönckedieck Mathias , Scherließ Regina , Daniels Rolf , Wahl Martin
Published: March 2017

Triterpene compounds like betulin, betulinic acid, erythrodiol, oleanolic acid and lupeol are known for many pharmacological effects. All these substances are found in the outer bark of birch. Apart from its pharmacological effects, birch bark extract can be used to stabilise semisolid systems. Normally, birch bark extract is produced for this purpose by extraction with organic solvents. Employing supercritical fluid technology, our aim was to develop a birch bark dry extract suitable for stabilisation of lipophilic gels with improved properties while avoiding the use of toxic solvents. With supercritical carbon dioxide, three different particle formation methods from supercritical solutions have been tested. First, particle deposition was performed from a supercritical solution in an expansion chamber. Second, the Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solutions (RESS) method was used for particle generation. Third, a modified RESS-procedure, forming the particles directly into the thereby gelated liquid, was developed. All three methods gave yields from 1% to 5.8%, depending on the techniques employed. The triterpene composition of the three extracts was comparable: all three gave more stable oleogels compared to the use of an extract obtained by organic solvent extraction. Characterizing the rheological behaviour of these gels, a faster gelling effect was seen together with a lower concentration of the extract required for the gel formation with the supercritical fluid (SCF)-extracts. This confirms the superiority of the supercritical fluid produced extracts with regard to the oleogel forming properties.
Towards an Ultimate Battery Thermal Management System: A Review
Authors: Khan Mohammad , Swierczynski Maciej , Kær Søren
Published: March 2017

The prevailing standards and scientific literature offer a wide range of options for the construction of a battery thermal management system (BTMS). The design of an innovative yet well-functioning BTMS requires strict supervision, quality audit and continuous improvement of the whole process. It must address all the current quality and safety (Q&S) standards. In this review article, an effective battery thermal management is sought considering the existing battery Q&S standards and scientific literature. The article contains a broad overview of the current existing standards and literature on a generic compliant BTMS. The aim is to assist in the design of a novel compatible BTMS. Additionally, the article delivers a set of recommendations to make an effective BTMS.
Packer Detection for Multi-Layer Executables Using Entropy Analysis
Authors: Bat-Erdene Munkhbayar , Kim Taebeom , Park Hyundo , Lee Heejo
Published: March 2017

Packing algorithms are broadly used to avoid anti-malware systems, and the proportion of packed malware has been growing rapidly. However, just a few studies have been conducted on detection various types of packing algorithms in a systemic way. Following this understanding, we elaborate a method to classify packing algorithms of a given executable into three categories: single-layer packing, re-packing, or multi-layer packing. We convert entropy values of the executable file loaded into memory into symbolic representations, for which we used SAX (Symbolic Aggregate Approximation). Based on experiments of 2196 programs and 19 packing algorithms, we identify that precision (97.7%), accuracy (97.5%), and recall ( 96.8%) of our method are respectively high to confirm that entropy analysis is applicable in identifying packing algorithms.
Real-Time and High-Accuracy Arctangent Computation Using CORDIC and Fast Magnitude Estimation
Authors: Pilato Luca , Fanucci Luca , Saponara Sergio
Published: March 2017

This paper presents an improved VLSI (Very Large Scale of Integration) architecture for real-time and high-accuracy computation of trigonometric functions with fixed-point arithmetic, particularly arctangent using CORDIC (Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer) and fast magnitude estimation. The standard CORDIC implementation suffers of a loss of accuracy when the magnitude of the input vector becomes small. Using a fast magnitude estimator before running the standard algorithm, a pre-processing magnification is implemented, shifting the input coordinates by a proper factor. The entire architecture does not use a multiplier, it uses only shift and add primitives as the original CORDIC, and it does not change the data path precision of the CORDIC core. A bit-true case study is presented showing a reduction of the maximum phase error from 414 LSB (angle error of 0.6355 rad) to 4 LSB (angle error of 0.0061 rad), with small overheads of complexity and speed. Implementation of the new architecture in 0.18 µm CMOS technology allows for real-time and low-power processing of CORDIC and arctangent, which are key functions in many embedded DSP systems. The proposed macrocell has been verified by integration in a system-on-chip, called SENSASIP (Sensor Application Specific Instruction-set Processor), for position sensor signal processing in automotive measurement applications.
Neighborhood Effects in Wind Farm Performance: A Regression Approach
Authors: Ritter Matthias , Pieralli Simone , Odening Martin
Published: March 2017

The optimization of turbine density in wind farms entails a trade-off between the usage of scarce, expensive land and power losses through turbine wake effects. A quantification and prediction of the wake effect, however, is challenging because of the complex aerodynamic nature of the interdependencies of turbines. In this paper, we propose a parsimonious data driven regression wake model that can be used to predict production losses of existing and potential wind farms. Motivated by simple engineering wake models, the predicting variables are wind speed, the turbine alignment angle, and distance. By utilizing data from two wind farms in Germany, we show that our models can compete with the standard Jensen model in predicting wake effect losses. A scenario analysis reveals that a distance between turbines can be reduced by up to three times the rotor size, without entailing substantial production losses. In contrast, an unfavorable configuration of turbines with respect to the main wind direction can result in production losses that are much higher than in an optimal case.
Electric Field Simulations and Analysis for High Voltage High Power Medium Frequency Transformer
Authors: Huang Pei , Mao Chengxiong , Wang Dan
Published: March 2017

The electronic power transformer (EPT) raises concerns for its notable size and volume reduction compared with traditional line frequency transformers. Medium frequency transformers (MFTs) are important components in high voltage and high power energy conversion systems such as EPTs. High voltage and high power make the reliable insulation design of MFT more difficult. In this paper, the influence of wire type and interleaved winding structure on the electric field distribution of MFT is discussed in detail. The electric field distributions for six kinds of typical non-interleaved windings with different wire types are researched using a 2-D finite element method (FEM). The electric field distributions for one non-interleaved winding and two interleaved windings are also studied using 2-D FEM. Furthermore, the maximum electric field intensities are obtained and compared. The results show that, in this case study, compared with foil conductor, smaller maximum electric field intensity can be achieved using litz wire in secondary winding. Besides, interleaving can increase the maximum electric field intensity when insulation distance is constant. The proposed method of studying the electric field distribution and analysis results are expected to make a contribution to the improvement of electric field distribution in transformers.
Engineering Smart Grids: Applying Model-Driven Development from Use Case Design to Deployment
Authors: Andrén Filip , Strasser Thomas , Kastner Wolfgang
Published: March 2017

The rollout of smart grid solutions has already started and new methods are deployed to the power systems of today. However, complexity is still increasing as focus is moving from a single system, to a system of systems perspective. The results are increasing engineering efforts and escalating costs. For this reason, new and automated engineering methods are necessary. This paper addresses these needs with a rapid engineering methodology that covers the overall engineering process for smart grid applications—from use case design to deployment. Based on a model-driven development approach, the methodology consists of three main parts: use case modeling, code generation, and deployment. A domain-specific language is introduced supporting the use case design according to the Smart Grid Architecture Model. It is combined with the IEC 61499 distributed control model to improve the function layer design. After a completed use case design, executable code and communication configurations (e.g., IEC 61850) are generated and deployed onto compatible field devices. This paper covers the proposed rapid engineering methodology and a corresponding prototypical implementation which is validated in a laboratory experiment. Compared to other methods the proposed methodology decreases the number of engineering steps and reduces the use case design and implementation complexity.
Evolution of Fish Let-7 MicroRNAs and Their Expression Correlated to Growth Development in Blunt Snout Bream
Authors: Zhao Bo-Wen , Zhou Lai-Fang , Liu Yu-Long , Wan Shi-Ming , Gao Ze-Xia
Published: March 2017

The lethal-7 (let-7) miRNA, known as one of the first founding miRNAs, is present in multiple copies in a genome and has diverse functions in animals. In this study, comparative genomic analysis of let-7 miRNAs members in fish species indicated that let-7 miRNA is a sequence conserved family in fish, while different species have the variable gene copy numbers. Among the ten members including let-7a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j, the let-7a precursor sequence was more similar to ancestral sequences, whereas other let-7 miRNA members were separate from the late differentiation of let-7a. The mostly predicted target genes of let-7 miRNAs are involved in biological process, especially developmental process and growth through Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. In order to identify the possible different functions of these ten miRNAs in fish growth development, their expression levels were quantified in adult males and females of Megalobrama amblycephala, as well as in 3-, 6-, and 12-months-old individuals with relatively slow- and fast-growth rates. These ten miRNAs had similar tissue expression patterns between males and females, with higher expression levels in the brain and pituitary than that in other tissues (p < 0.05). Among these miRNAs, the relative expression level of let-7a was the highest among almost all the tested tissues, followed by let-7b, let-7d and let-7c/e/f/g/h/i/j. As to the groups with different growth rates, the expression levels of let-7 miRNAs in pituitary and brain from the slow-growth group were always significantly higher than that in the fast-growth group (p < 0.05). These results suggest that let-7 miRNA members could play an important role in the regulation of growth development in M. amblycephala through negatively regulating expression of their target genes.
Inspection-Class Remotely Operated Vehicles—A Review
Authors: Capocci Romano , Dooly Gerard , Omerdić Edin , Coleman Joseph , Newe Thomas , Toal Daniel
Published: March 2017

This paper presents a review of inspection-class Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs). The review divides the classification of inspection-class ROVs; categorising the vehicles in order of size and capability. A state of the art technology review is undertaken, discussing various common subsystems of the ROV. Standard and novel ROV shapes and designs are reviewed, with emphasis on buoyancy, frame materials and hydrodynamics. Several power considerations and designs are discussed, accounting for battery fed and mains fed systems. ROV telemetry is split into a discussion on the various transmission hardware systems and the communication protocols that are most widely used in industry and research today. A range of thruster technologies is then introduced with consideration taken of the various thruster architectures available. Finally, the navigation and positioning sensors employed for ROV navigation and control are reviewed. The author has also created a number of comparison tables throughout the review; tables include comparison of wired data transmission technology, comparison of common ROV communication protocols and comparisons of various inertial navigation systems. By the end of the review the reader will have clearer understanding on the fundamentals of inspection-class ROV technologies and can use this as an introduction to further paper investigation.
Analysis of Historic Copper Patinas. Influence of Inclusions on Patina Uniformity
Authors: Chang Tingru , Odnevall Wallinder Inger , De la Fuente Daniel , Chico Belen , Morcillo Manuel , Welter Jean-Marie , Leygraf Christofer
Published: March 2017

The morphology and elemental composition of cross sections of eight historic copper materials have been explored. The materials were taken from copper roofs installed in different middle and northern European environments from the 16th to the 19th century. All copper substrates contain inclusions of varying size, number and composition, reflecting different copper ores and production methods. The largest inclusions have a size of up to 40 μm, with most inclusions in the size ranging between 2 and 10 μm. The most common element in the inclusions is O, followed by Pb, Sb and As. Minor elements include Ni, Sn and Fe. All historic patinas exhibit quite fragmentized bilayer structures, with a thin inner layer of cuprite (Cu2O) and a thicker outer one consisting mainly of brochantite (Cu4SO4(OH)6). The extent of patina fragmentation seems to depend on the size of the inclusions, rather than on their number and elemental composition. The larger inclusions are electrochemically nobler than the surrounding copper matrix. This creates micro-galvanic effects resulting both in a profound influence on the homogeneity and morphology of historic copper patinas and in a significantly increased ratio of the thicknesses of the brochantite and cuprite layers. The results suggest that copper patinas formed during different centuries exhibit variations in uniformity and corrosion protection ability.
Surface Roughening Behavior of 6063 Aluminum Alloy during Bulging by Spun Tubes
Authors: Cai Yang , Wang Xiaosong , Yuan Shijian
Published: March 2017

Severe surface roughening during the hydroforming of aluminum alloy parts can produce surface defects that severely restrict their application in the automobile and aerospace industry. To understand the relation between strain, grain size and surface roughness under biaxial stress conditions, hydro-bulging tests of aluminum alloy tubes were carried out, and the tubes with different grain sizes were prepared by a spinning and annealing process. The surface roughness was measured by a laser scanning confocal microscope to evaluate the surface roughening macroscopical behavior, and the corresponding microstructures were observed using electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) to reveal the roughening microscopic behavior. The results obtained show that the surface roughness increased with both strain and grain size under biaxial stress. No surface defects were observed on the surface when the grain size was less than 105 μm if the strain was less than 18%, or when the grain size was between 130 and 175 μm if the strain was less than 15.88% and 7.15%, respectively. The surface roughening microscopic behavior was identified as an inhomogeneous grain size distribution, which became more pronounced with increasing grain size and resulted in greater local deformation. Concentrated grain orientation also results in severe inhomogeneous deformation during plastics deformation, and serious surface roughening.
The Effect of Different Storage Media on Color Stability of Self-Adhesive Composite Resin Cements for up to One Year
Authors: Liebermann Anja , Roos Malgorzata , Stawarczyk Bogna
Published: March 2017

The aim of this study was to analyze the long-term color stability of eight self-adhesive composite resin cements (SACRCs) after storage in diverse media for up to one year. 480 discs (diameter: 12 mm/thickness: 1.0 ± 0.05 mm) were fabricated (n = 60/SACRC): (1) BeautyCem (BEA); (2) Bifix SE (BIF); (3) Clearfil SA Cement Automix (CLE); (4) RelyX Unicem 2 Automix (RXU); (5) SeT (SET); (6) SmartCem 2 (SMC); (7) SoloCem (SOC); and (8) SpeedCEM (SPC). After polishing, specimens were immersed in (a) red wine (RW); (b) curry-solution (CU); (c) cress-solution (CR); and (d) distilled water (DW) at 37 °C and measured after 7, 28, 90, 180, and 365 days for color differences (ΔE) and water absorption (WA). Non-aged specimens were used as baselines. After 365 days, all of the discs were polished and their ΔE was measured. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, partial-eta-squared/ηP2, 3-/1-way ANOVA with Tukey-HSD post-hoc test (α = 0.05). Significant differences occurred between all SACRCs for WA (p ≤ 0.003), except in RXU and in SET and in ΔE (p ≤ 0.002), except in SET and SPC. The significantly highest WA presented in SOC; the lowest showed in BEA. Significant ΔE differences and a decrease after polishing between all storage media were found (p < 0.001) with highest values for RW, followed by CU, CR, and DW. The lowest ΔE was measured for CLE, followed by SOC, BIF, RXU, BEA, SPC, SET, and SMC (p < 0.001) and increased significantly during aging. The highest ΔE decrease presented in BEA. SACRCs showed an increase in WA/ΔE within total aging time. Discoloration could not be removed completely by polishing. SACRCs need to be carefully selected for restorations in the esthetical zone with visible restoration margins. Polishing can significantly reduce the marginal discoloration.