bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training with Biofeedback on Stress Urinary Incontinence in Females, Kelantan, Malaysia: A pilot study
Authors: Hariana Bt. Othman Nur Yanti , Bhaskar Raj Naresh , NN Naing , Rao US Mahadeva , Akhtar Enie , Wan Zhen Lee , Md Zain Anuar
Published: May 2022

Various interventions are available for preventing and treating urinary incontinence, including medication, medical devices, and surgery. Some of the patients are not keen on surgical intervention, and pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) will be another treatment option for female urinary incontinence. The current research aims to assess the effect of pelvic floor muscle training with biofeedback on improving the strength of the pelvic floor muscle, the severity of SUI, and quality of life among females with stress urinary incontinence. A random sampling of 10 patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) referred to the physiotherapy department by urogynecology department, Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II (HRPZ II), were recruited into the study of PFMT with biofeedback after a baseline assessment of the severity of stress urinary incontinence, strength, and quality of life. They were evaluated at baseline, at the 4th week, the 8th week of intervention, and a follow-up was done at the 12th week. The outcomes were measured with the incontinence severity index, perineometer, and incontinence impact questionnaire—Short Form IIQ-7. The results showed that there was a significant difference in mean SUI severity (F = 37.81, p= 0.001), strength (F = 15.44, p = 0.002), and quality of life (F = 104.11, p = 0.001) based on time. As a conclusion, pelvic floor muscle training with biofeedback is an assistive device that has significant effectiveness in the conservative treatment of stress urinary incontinence in female patients.
Environment o galaxy: las citas de McLuhan a Ortega y Gasset en War and Peace
Authors: Núñez-Ladevéze Luis , Núñez Canal Margarita
Published: May 2022

McLuhan cita History as a System, and other essays toward a philosophy of history y Man and People de Ortega y Gasset en dos pasajes de War and Peace in the Global Village, seis años después de publicar The Gutenberg galaxy y cuatro tras Understarding media. Estas lecturas coinciden con el abandono de la expresión galaxy sustituida por environment. A partir de estas constataciones, examinamos por vez primera las citas de McLuhan a Ortega y su relación con la sustitución mencionada utilizando como método el cotejo de las obras leídas en inglés por McLuhan con los textos originales de Ortega y mostramos que hay una relación interna entre el uso de environment y el concepto orteguiano de circunstancia, no advertida por los estudiosos, lo que indica que McLuhan hizo tácitamente suyas ideas centrales de la filosofía orteguiana.
Del ver al compartir: el rol de las emociones en la propagación de contenidos sobre cambio climático en YouTube
Authors: Muñoz-Pico Hilda Paola , Viteri-Mancero Fátima
Published: May 2022

El cambio climático es el mayor desafío ambiental del siglo. El Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático lo ha dejado claro: medio grado más de calentamiento en nuestro planeta marcará la diferencia entre la vida y la muerte. En ese contexto, la comunicación sobre el cambio climático resulta de vital importancia para generar el compromiso individual y de los gobiernos para combatir este problema, que se acentúa, sobre todo, por acción de las actividades humanas en el planeta. Esta investigación pretende adentrarse en las áreas de la psicología emocional y la comunicación ambiental para explicar la popularidad de contenidos sobre cambio climático en YouTube. Usando videos que abordan la temática medioambiental, las autoras examinan cómo las emociones que producen activación fisiológica desembocan en la difusión masiva. Los resultados indican que, independientemente de la valencia de los videos, es decir, de si son considerados positivos o negativos, estos pueden llegar a ser populares en la medida en que impulsen la activación fisiológica de los espectadores. Este hallazgo arroja luz sobre por qué las personas comparten contenidos medioambientales y cómo diseñar campañas de lucha contra el cambio climático.
Freedoms and Restrictions of School Leaders and the Pedagogical Guidance They Exercise in the Greek Bureaucratic System
Authors: Geropoulos Panagiotis , Karadimou Maria , Tsioumis Kostis
Published: May 2022

The subject of this work is the investigation of the existing educational legal framework that determines the operation of school units as well as the pedagogical directions of the principals towards the educational staff. The 43 leaders of secondary education who took part in the research expressed their views and perceptions about the difficulties and limitations posed by the bureaucratic structure of the Greek education system and the positive elements of this particular way of organization. In addition, they describe the pedagogical directions they give to the rest of the staff in the context of the operation of the school units. The survey was conducted in the summer and fall of 2020, the time when schools were called to adapt to the Covid-19 health crisis. The research problem of this work was the investigation of the possibilities of application of participatory administration in the wider centralized education system in combination with the instructions for the support of students and teachers. The analysis of qualitative data confirms the bureaucratic and centralized structure of the Greek educational system. However, in schools, principals apply different policies and practices to support the educational and student community depending on the needs and circumstances.
Disturbo dello spettro autistico: la famiglia prima di tutto
Authors: delcaro Giulia
Published: May 2022

Two Senegalese children (brother and sister) affected by ASD are described. The Author stress the incresed risk to be affected by ASD in children of immigrant mothers.
Estudos Avançados em Genética e Farmacologia
Authors:   Natiele Carla da Silva Ferreira
Published: May 2022

Genética (do grego “genétikós”) significa “capaz de gerar”, indicando o seu papel na gênese da vida. A Genética é a ciência que estuda os genes, a hereditariedade e a transmissão de caracteres através das gerações. Durante o século XIX, essa ciência evoluiu significativamente a partir dos experimentos de Gregor Mendel com as ervilhas, que resultou na postulação das primeiras leis da Genética. O segundo grande avanço dessa ciência ocorreu durante a década de 1950, com a elucidação da estrutura do DNA. Posteriormente, houve significativos progressos na Genética que resultaram em diversas áreas de pesquisa. Atualmente, a Genética está cada vez mais incluída em nosso cotidiano. Ao fazermos uma breve pesquisa nos noticiários, podemos perceber como o melhoramento genético vem sendo bastante explorado na indústria agropecuária, como a manipulação genética de mosquitos da espécie Aedes aegypti pode afetar toda a sua população, ou ainda como os estudos nessa área podem nos auxiliar no entendimento de doenças fetais e câncer. Outra ciência que tem avançado simultaneamente com a Genética é a Farmacologia (do grego “phármakon”, droga; e “lógos”, estudo), isto é, a ciência que estuda os efeitos de uma substância química (fármaco) sobre os sistemas biológicos (organismo). O uso de substâncias de origem vegetal e animal para o tratamento de doenças remonta desde tempos antigos (antes de Cristo). Contudo, a Farmacologia se consolidou como ciência no século XIX, sendo que nessa mesma época foi criado o primeiro instituto de pesquisa em Farmacologia na Europa. Desde então, essa ciência evoluiu significativamente, se apoiando em outras áreas de estudo como a Fisiologia, a Química, a Patologia, entre outros, evidenciando o seu caráter multidisciplinar. Atualmente, existem diversos ramos da Farmacologia, tais como a Química Médica, a Toxicologia, a Farmacologia Clínica e a Farmacogenética, demonstrando que essa ciência está expandindo a sua área de atuação constantemente. Nesse cenário, o objetivo desse livro é apresentar alguns avanços recentes nas áreas de Genética e Farmacologia com aplicação na filogenia, no câncer, em doenças infecciosas e no estudo de receptores com potencial terapêutico. Espero que o leitor aprecie os resultados obtidos por pesquisadores dessas áreas de pesquisa. Boa leitura!
ASPECTOS MOLECULARES ASSOCIADOS À CARDIOMIOPATIA CHAGÁSICA E À REATIVAÇÃO DA INFECÇÃO EM PACIENTES CARDIOPATAS TRANSPLANTADOS
Authors: da Costa Priscilla Almeida , Macedo Andréa Mara
Published: May 2022

Transplante cardíaco é opção terapêutica considerada no estágio avançado da cardiomiopatia chagásica. Contudo, após transplante, o diagnóstico diferencial de rejeição versus reativação chagásica tem sido considerado difícil, dificultando o tratamento correto. O motivo pelo qual alguns pacientes chagásicos apresentam reativação da doença póstransplante é desconhecido. Estima-se que há fatores relacionados à variabilidade genética do parasito. Então, investigamos a possibilidade de utilização de PCRs direcionadas para marcadores nucleares (rDNA 24Sα) e mitocondriais (kDNA) para detecção do Trypanosoma cruzi em corações de pacientes chagásicos transplantados; assim como, a ocorrência de subpopulações de T. cruzi mais associadas à reativação da infecção, utilizando um triplo ensaio para determinação de DTUs (marcadores para COII, espaçador intergênico do miniéxon, rDNA 24Sα). Foram analisadas 991 biópsias endomiocárdicas (BEMs), derivadas de 98 pacientes, 14 biópsias de pele e três de sistema nervoso central (SNC). DNA de T. cruzi foi detectado em 205 BEMs (70 pacientes), oito biópsias de pele e três de SNC. Comparada às outras técnicas de diagnóstico utilizadas, PCR revelou sensibilidade superior, com boa especificidade, podendo antecipar a reativação clínica da doença de Chagas entre 1,5 e 36 meses (média 9,1 meses), contribuindo para o diagnóstico precoce. A maioria dos pacientes teve reativação por TcII, corroborando com a ideia de que esta é a principal DTU associada com a forma cardíaca da doença de Chagas, pelo menos nesta região geográfica.
A REGULAÇÃO DE VIAS DE SINALIZAÇÃO DE DANOS DE DNA POR AGENTES TERAPÊUTICOS EM GLIOBLASTOMA
Authors: Rodrigues Paulo Matheus Guerra Ribeiro de Sousa
Published: May 2022

Agentes genotóxicos são largamente utilizados como agentes terapêuticos contra câncer por induzirem resposta a danos de DNA (DDR). A DDR compreende desde a parada de ciclo até o reparo das lesões ou a morte celular em resposta a elas. Dentre as vias moleculares de DDR, aquela mediada pela sinalização de MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 e ATM demonstra ter um papel-chave na resistência de glioblastoma (GBM) à radiação ionizante. Já foi demonstrado que em células-tronco tumorais de GBM a radiação ionizante aumenta os níveis proteicos de NBS1 e ativa exacerbadamente a via de ATM, em comparação com células não-tronco isoladas dos mesmos espécimes. Contudo, em estudos prévios determinadas linhagens estabelecidas de GBM demonstraram ser mais resistentes a diferentes agentes genotóxicos do que células-tronco desse tipo tumoral. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar se há aumento de NBS1 em linhagens de GBM e se isso está correlacionado com a sensibilidade a agentes terapêuticos. No presente trabalho, a linhagem M059J apresentou maiores reduções de viabilidade após exposição à radiação ionizante, temozolomida (TMZ) e etoposídeo, em comparação com as linhagens U87MG e U138MG. Foi verificado que nas três linhagens a quantidade de NBS1 não é alterada por nenhum destes agentes genotóxicos. No entanto, os níveis proteicos do fator de transcrição c-Myc foram reduzidos nas três linhagens após irradiação. Em conjunto, esses resultados sugerem que há outras vias de DDR envolvidas na resistência terapêutica de GBM. Além disso, os dados aqui apresentados indicam que não somente as subpopulações de célulastronco podem contribuir para a recidiva tumoral.
TRIAGEM DE ALTO DESEMPENHO UTILIZANDO ENSAIO DE MENSURAÇÃO DE CÁLCIO INTRACELULAR APLICADA À DESCOBERTA DE ANTAGONISTAS PARA RECEPTORES PURINÉRGICOS P2Y2 E P2Y4
Authors: Ferreira Natiele Carla da Silva , Bezerra Rômulo José Soares , Alves Luiz Anastacio
Published: May 2022

Os receptores P2Y2 e P2Y4 são receptores purinérgicos ativados fisiologicamente pelo UTP e pelo ATP. Eles são expressos em diferentes tecidos em humanos, onde promovem uma série de efeitos fisiológicos, incluindo a mobilização de cálcio intracelular. Além disso, a inibição desses receptores pode gerar efeitos anti-inflamatórios, analgésicos, antimetastáticos e laxativos, que demonstram o seu potencial terapêutico. Todavia, a escassez de moléculas antagonistas dificulta a implementação de fármacos com ação sobre esses receptores na terapia, o que estimula a busca por novas moléculas que apresentem essa atividade. Em vista disso, o objetivo desse trabalho foi padronizar uma metodologia de triagem de alto desempenho capaz de identificar novos antagonistas dos receptores P2Y2 e P2Y4. Essa metodologia é baseada na mensuração dos níveis de cálcio intracelular, cujo protocolo foi testado e otimizado a fim de fornecer as condições adequadas para a realização dos ensaios. Além disso, foram testadas concentrações crescentes de ionomicina, ATP e UTP no intuito de avaliarmos a sensibilidade do equipamento. Com isso, obtivemos os valores de EC50 de 103 nM, 10 μM e 1,021 μM, respectivamente. Por fim, foi conduzida uma mini-campanha de triagem de alto desempenho utilizando amostras de extratos vegetais. Esses experimentos revelaram que o extrato de galhos de Joannesia princeps Vell. foi capaz de inibir a mobilização de cálcio intracelular de forma concentração-dependente, apresentando um IC50 de 32,32 μg/mL. Portanto, a metodologia padronizada foi capaz de identificar novos antagonistas para os receptores P2Y2 e P2Y4 de origem natural.
KLITIK BAHASA SUMBA DIALEK WEWEWA DI KABUPATEN SUMBA BARAT DAYA
Authors: Bitu Yuliana Sesi
Published: May 2022

Klitik merupakan bentuk yang tidak pernah berdiri sendiri karena terikat dengan bentuk bebas, jelas kategorinya dan mempunyai padanan dengan bentuk yang bebas. Berdasarkan kategori atau kelas kata bentuk utuh sebagai bentuk asal, klitik bahasa Wewewa terdiri atas dua jenis bentuk klitik, yaitu bentuk klitik dari pronomina persona dan bentuk klitik dari kata tugas. Berdasarkan apakah klitik bahasa Wewewa berasal dari bentuk asalnya sendiri atau tidak ditemukan bahwa ada yang berasal dari bentuk asalnya sendiri (klitik sederhana) dan ada yang bukan berasal dari bentuk asalnya sendiri (klitik khusus). Berdasarkan jenis dan posisi kemunculannya, bentuk klitik bahasa Wewewa dibedakan atas proklitik, enklitik dan mesoklitik. Dalam pemakaiannya bentuk-bentuk klitik bahasa Wewewa memiliki kaidah pemakaian, yaitu klitik selalu berubahubah berdasarkan kategori kata yang melekati dan dilekati, jenis fonem awal dan akhir dari kata yang melekati dan dilekati serta dipengaruhi juga oleh makna kalimat
TERMINOLOGI BAHASA LOURA DALAM RANAH SOSIAL PADA MASYARAKAT SUKU SUMBA DI DESA RAMADANA KECAMATAN LOURA KABUPATEN SUMBA BARAT DAYA
Authors: Asmadi Asmadi
Published: May 2022

Pembiasaan penggunaan bahasa pada masyarakat suku Sumba, salah satunya dapat diamati dalam ranah sosial. Penggunaan bahasa suku Sumba dalam ranah sosial terdapat sistem warisan budaya yang memiliki nilai-nilai, seperti nilai pendidikan, religi, ekonomi, sosial. Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang bentuk dan makna, konteks pemakaian serta nilai-nilai bahasa Loura pada masyarakat suku Sumba di desa Ramadana kecamatan Loura kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya. Terminologi bahasa Loura dalam ranah sosial ditemukan istilah-istilah atau kata-kata yang berhubungan dengan konteks sosial yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat suku Sumba. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan, yaitu metode simak dan metode cakap. Metode penganalisisan data selanjutnya menggunakan metode padan dengan teknik hubung banding menyamakan dan hubung banding membedakan. Hasil penelitian ini secara langsung ataupun tidak langsung berpotensi untuk pengembangan kosakata bahasa Indonesia. Selain itu, hasil penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi terhadap dunia pendidikan dalam pengajaran bahasa daerah dalam upaya menumbuhkembangkan kecintaan masyarakat setempat terhadap kebudayaan daerahnya
RESPON GURU TERHADAP INSTRUMEN PENILAIAN SIKAP ILMIAH SAINS SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Sole Ferdinandus Bele , Anggraeni Desak Made
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan data tentang respon guru sekolah dasar terhadap instrumen sikap ilmiah sains siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang menggambarkan respon guru terhadap instrumen penilaian sikap ilmiah sains siswa sekolah dasar. Pada tahap pertama, peneliti mengembangkan alat pengumpul data yaitu berupa angket yang berisikan respon guru terhadap instrumen sikap ilmiah yang sudah dikembangkan. Aspek-aspek yang dinilai pada angket ini adalah kebahasaan, keterbantuan, kualitas instrumen serta kemudahan. Respon guru yang dimaksud dalam penelitian ini adalah respon atau tanggapan guru secara keseluruhan terhadap instrumen penilaian sikap ilmiah yang telah dikembangkan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat diketahui bahwa seluruh responden memberikan respon sangat baik terhadap instrumen sikap ilmiah sains yang telah dikembangkan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa respon guru terhadap instrumen sikap ilmiah sains sekolah dasar adalah sangat baik.
KONTRIBUSI MENDIAGNOSIS KESULITAN BELAJAR DENGAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Pingge Heronimus Delu
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan guru sekolah dasar dalam mendiagnosis kesulitan belajar siswa dengan hasil belajar siswa di kecamatan Kota Tambolaka, NTT. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian ex post facto. Populasi penelitian 241 orang guru. Sampel sejumlah 148 orang dengan teknik sampel quota. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode kuisioner dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan teknik regresi linear sederhana.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan positif dan signifikan antara kompetensi guru sekolah dasar dalam mendiagnosis kesulitan belajar siswa dengan hasil belajar siswa (p lebih kecil dari 0,05; R2:24,8%,).Kata kunci : diagnosis kesulitan belajar, hasil belajar
Ectopic eruption of the permanent maxillary first molar: Study in a population of 505 South European children
Authors: Mendoza-Mendoza Asunción , Villalon-Rivero Guadalupe , González-Mallea Ernesto , Caleza-Jiménez Carolina , Solano-Mendoza Beatriz , Yañez-Vico Rosa , Iglesias-Linares Alejandro
Published: May 2022

Aims: Ectopic eruption is a change in the normal path of eruption of a tooth. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of ectopic eruption of the permanent maxillary first molars in a Spanish subpopulation of 505 children, its distribution as regards age and gender, unilateral and bilateral occurrence and loss of space. Methods: Periapical and panoramic X-rays were taken of the patients, with six-monthly check-ups to evaluate development. A statistical analysis of the data was performed using the chi-square test (p lessthan 0.05, 95% C.I). Results: A prevalence of 6.7% was obtained being the most common age of presentation was seven years and bilateral occurrence (67.6% of cases) with no statistically significant differences as regards to the gender. Only 14 of the 505 explored patients required treatment for ectopic eruption. Conclusion: This study provides information regarding treatment needs and prevalence regarding molar ectopic eruption in a Spanish population. It is essential for professionals to be familiar with the diagnostic factors, clinical consequences and therapeutic options for ectopic eruption of permanent molars.
Factors associated with knowledge and attitude to the use of dental floss at some private and public dental clinics in Lagos State
Authors: A. Oyapero , E.O. Owoturo
Published: May 2022

Aims: Dental caries and periodontal diseases which are the two most prevalent oral diseases are dental biofilm dependent. This effect of dental plaque is particularly evident in the interproximal region. The aim of this study was to determine the factors that are associated with knowledge and positive attitude towards the use of dental floss at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, (LASUTH) and two private dental clinics in Ikeja and Magodo, Lagos State. Methods: This prospective descriptive study was conducted at the oral diagnosis clinic of LASUTH and at two private dental clinics in Lagos State. A structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demographic items and on the participant's perception regarding gum inflammation, their oral hygiene practices and their knowledge, attitude and practices related to flossing. Results: The study population included dental patients aged 22–68 years. Majority of the respondents in this present study had poor knowledge and attitude on the use of dental floss. Respondents attending the private clinics had significantly better knowledge on the practice of oral hygiene and the use of dental floss (p = 0.000) and they also had a more positive attitude even though the association was not significant. (p = 0.364) The study participants that had a good knowledge and positive attitude on dental floss usage and oral hygiene had lower mean OHI-S, GI and DMFT scores even though the association was not significant. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a poor level of knowledge and attitude to the use of dental floss among the respondents. Oral health care professionals should spend adequate time to educate their patients on the benefits of interproximal cleaning especially floss usage. They should also enhance the self-efficacy and knowledge of their patients about the benefits of interdental hygiene.
KİTAP İNCELEMESİ: SON ÜTOPYA, TARİHTE İNSAN HAKLARI
Authors: ERSÖZLÜ Selda
Published: May 2022

İnsan haklarının korunabilmesi ve ihlallerinin önlenebilmesi için nasıl bir hukuk, devlet ve siyaset anlayışı ile hareket edilmesi gerektiği, insan haklarının nasıl kavramsallaştırıldığı ile ilgili bir tartışmaya işaret etmektedir (Kuçuradi, 2011). Tarihçiler, uluslararası ilişkiler uzmanları, siyaset ve hukuk bilimcileri insan hakları denilen hakların neler olduğu ve bu hakların adalet ve eşitlikle ilgili değerlerle ilişkisini uzun yıllardır araştırmaktadırlar. Yale Üniversitesi’nde Hukuk ve Tarih Profesörü olarak görev yapmakta olan Samuel Moyn (1972) da bu isimlerden birisidir. Bu çalışmada insan hakları tarihi alanında birçok esere imza atmış olan Moyn’un “Son Ütopya, Tarihte İnsan Hakları” kitabını inceleyeceğim. Bu incelemenin temel amacı, Moyn’un insan hakları hakkındaki temel savlarını ortaya koyabilmek ve dolayısıyla onun düşüncesinde insan haklarının neden “son ütopya” olduğuna dair bir açıklık getirebilmektir.
Epistemology of measurement
Authors: Cuéllar Rodríguez Santiago
Published: May 2022

Measuring designates the process by which a system is interacted with in order to represent some of its aspects by means of abstract terms or those that have a merely ideal character, establishing common references that allow comparison with a predetermined pattern and bounded by predetermined margins of uncertainty. Obviously, measurement is an essential component of science; one of its hallmarks, a primary source of knowledge and the essential link between theory and experimentation, allowing them to feed off each other and continuously improve. In the scientific study of any phenomenon, the intervention of the observer and the very fact of the observation disturb the phenomenon studied. For this reason, it is always necessary to take into consideration the degree of disturbance it produces, something that in clinical research can be particularly complex due to the multiplicity and variability of human manifestations. The complexity of the observed subject (human being), given his condition as a thinking, emotional, moral and social entity, multiplies the uncertainty of his responses, both individual and collective, and extreme methodological and ethical demands of the scientist; In addition, the response of each individual to a clinical intervention incorporates multiple other factors unrelated to the effects objectively attributable to the intervention, but which must be duly weighed. For all these reasons, in order to scientifically measure the effect of an intervention in a clinical trial, it is essential to previously define and justify the minimum magnitude of the change that can give rise to an effect that is clinically relevant for the patient and for the observer.
Security Sector Reforms in Pakistan: Significance, Challenges and Impediments
Authors: Salma Malik
Published: May 2022

Since 9/11 and the consequent US-led military action in Afghanistan, the Pakistani military has been deployed in the north-western areas to crush militant insurgency both by indigenous as well as foreign agents. This has brought about a major shift in the security posture of Pakistan, whereby the military’s role has extended beyond its traditional duties. For nearly two decades, monitoring law and order, diffusing radical, militant as well as ethno-nationalist groups in select pockets of the country and countering terrorism, has transformed military’s traditionally assigned role. Given the complexity of the problems impacting the internal sovereignty of the country, the process has become more inclusive with attention being focused in the areas of law enforcement as well as judicial and legislative bodies to improve the quality of their performance and making them more result oriented and effective. In terms of governance, the country has also faced problematic civil military relations, leaving little space for democratic forces to operate and mature fully. Not only does the military remain central to the debate on securitisation but also leads the discourse on Security Sector Reform (SSR). This paper attempts to review the various dimensions of SSR in a theoretical perspective, alongside an overview of the existing security sector institutions in Pakistan, besides highlighting the impediments and challenges faced.
Belt and Road Initiative and China’s Strategic Culture
Authors: Ume Farwa
Published: May 2022

China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) does not hinge on economy alone but it has strategic underpinnings and implications also. The role of Chinese perceptions and behaviours in designing and executing BRI has either been dismissed or taken as an explanation of last resort. Cultural values, norms, perceptions, self-perception and self-conception are essential to understanding a state’s strategies and policies. In this context, while applying the theoretical framework of “Strategic Culture,” this paper discusses the salient features of the Chinese strategic culture and explains how it reflects in BRI. This study found out that security and economy are interlinked and complementary to each other in China’s Strategic Culture and BRI is a strategic response to the country’s internal and external threats, which are linked to its cultural legacy and national obligations. The paper concludes with the assumption that China may not be willing to indulge into an all-out conflict, yet, there is a strong likelihood that it will build its deterrence capabilities by deftly employing a mix of its conventional defensive and the active defence approaches.
The Effectiveness of a Program based on Cooperative and Competitive Games in the Development of Basic Motor Skills and Social Development among Pre-school Children in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Ebrahim Hany D. , Kanani Reem A.
Published: May 2022

This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of a program based on cooperative games and competitiveness in developing some basic motor skills and social skills for pre-school children in the Sultanate of Oman. The study employed an experimental research approach using Two-groups Pretest- Posttest design. The study was done on two groups of pre-school children aged 5-6 years from Al-Ruwad Private School in Muscat. The children were randomly selected from two classes with 25 children per class. The researchers applied the program based on the cooperative games and competitiveness for the experimental group, whereas the control group used the traditional teaching method. The tests measuring the motor skills and social skills were administered to both groups. Results showed the effectiveness of the program in developing the basic motor and social skills favoring the experimental group. The overall level of the social skills was high for the experimental group. The levels of the dimensions of the social skills measure ranged between moderate and high. In light of these results, the authors provided many recommenations.
Factorial Validity and Reliability of Self-Regulation Learning Questionnaire among Undergraduate Students at University of Dammam in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Jdaitawi Malek M.
Published: May 2022

The aim of the study was to examine the factor structure of the short-version of the self-regulated learning questionnaire in a group of undergraduate students at the University of Dammam. Four factors were assumed to represent the self-regulation: concentration, time management, self-testing and study aids. Testing reliability and validity of the constructs was another aim of this study. The study sample comprised 209 students (89 females and 120 males). Stu- dent age ranged from 18-21 years. The scale had 32 items with eight items for each of the four subscales. The research examined the factorial validity and reliability for the four factors of self- regulation across gender. The short version of the self-regulated questionnaire achieved good validity and reliability, and the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed acceptable values of model fit to data. Consequently, the construct was compared via univariate analysis of variance with gender as independent variable. The results indicated significant differences between males and females. The contribution of this paper is to create a valid instrument to measure student self-regulation in university setting.
Environmental Citizenship from the Perspective of University Staff at Ain Shams University
Authors: Abdelaal Reham R.
Published: May 2022

The study aimed at identifying the dimensions of environmental citizenship from the perspective of university staff members in Ain Shams University, and its relation with some variables including gender, college (theoretical and practical) and scientific degree. The study was done using the descriptive method, and a questionnaire consisting of 63 items distributed on four dimensions (Environmental Justice -Environmental Rights Environmental Responsibility and participation in environmental decision-making). The researcher checked its validity and reliability and the questionnaire was distributed to a sample consists of 268 University staff Member's. The results of the study showed that there were differences in the average of the degrees of perception of Ain Shams university staff members of dimensions of the environmental citizenship. The dimension of environmental rights came in the first degree, as it reflected a very large degree of perception, followed by both dimensions of environmental responsibility and participation in environmental decision-making, which reflected a large degree of perception, and finally the dimension of environmental justice which reflecteda a medium degree of perception. The study also showed that there no were statistically significant differences related to gender, while there were statistically significant differences at the level of 0.05 related to the variables of college and scientific degree.
The Invariance of Factorial Structure of the Academic Delay of Gratification Scale across Two Samples of Omani and British Adolescents: A Cross-Cultural Psychometric Study
Authors: Fattah Sabri Abdel , McClelland Mark
Published: May 2022

The present study aimed at investigating the factorial structure of the Academic Delay of Gratification Scale (ADGS) that best fit the data of two Omani and British samples, and whether this factorial structure is invariant across these two samples. The sample of the study included 450 (235 males and 215 females) and 410 (215 males and 195 females) Omani and British adolescents, respectively. The results of the multi-group confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale had a unidimensional factorial structure in both samples and that this factorial structure was completely invariant when compared between gender across the two samples (Omani males versus British males, and Omani females versus British females) and between males and females in the British sample. However, this factorial structure was partially invariant when compared between males and females in the Omani sample. The results of the latent mean analysis showed that females had significantly higher levels of academic delay of gratification when compared with males in both samples. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between students’ scores on the ADGS and their academic achievement scores in both samples. The results also showed that high achievers had significantly higher levels of academic delay of gratification than low achievers in both samples.
The Reality of the Development of Arabic Grammar Curriculum for Arabic Secondary Schools in Mali in Light of the Standard Specifications
Authors: Djakaridja KEITA
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to examine the reality of the development of Arabic grammar curriculum for Arabic secondary schools in the Republic of Mali in light of the standard specifications. To achieve this objective, the researcher used descriptive method based on interview technique. The study population comprises the officials of Patriotic Union of Arabic schools, Department of Arabic schools in the Ministry of Education, Literacy and National Languages Center, and Arabic language teachers participating in the development of Arabic grammar curriculum. The researcher selected 21 participants for the interview using purposive sampling. The findings revealed that the reality of the development of Arabic grammar curriculum for Arabic secondary schools in Mali in light of the standard specifications during the period 2003-2010 varied between high and inefficient. Based on the findings, the researcher recommended that improvement should be made on the development of Arabic grammar curriculum for Arabic secondary schools in the Republic of Mali.
The Impact of Using Reading Storybooks and Writing Journal Activities on Print and Phonemic Awareness of Jordanian Kindergarten Children
Authors: Rababah Ebtesam Q.
Published: May 2022

This study investigated the impact of reading storybooks and writing journal activities on print and phonemic awareness of Jordanian kindergarten children. Subjects participated in book-reading sessions with a print focus, and writing journals. A total of 50 children were recruited for the study from one kindergarten in Irbid City, Jordan. Two intact sections of 25 children each served as experimental and control groups. Pre-test measures of children’s print and phonemic awareness were administered. Subsequently, children in the experimental group participated in 24 small-group reading sessions that included a print focus, and 14 writing journals over a 14-week period. As an alternate condition, control-group children participated in conventional instruction methods only. Post-testing indicated that children who participated in print-focused reading and writing journal sessions outperformed their control group peers on four measures of print awareness (words in print, print concepts, alphabet knowledge and letter discrimination, and literacy terms), and on phonemic awareness (letter sound identification, rhyme, phoneme blending, phoneme segmentation, and phonemic manipulation), as well as overall performance. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
Evaluating the Dispositions of Teacher Education Candidates: A Place for Self-Assessment
Authors: Al-Rawashdeh Amneh , Ivory Gary , Writer Jeanette H.
Published: May 2022

The study explored how New Mexico State University (NMSU) teacher candidatesunderstand the assessment form, the assessment process, and the meaning of dispositions assessment according to NCATE standards as related to their development of professional dispositions. The study utilized a qualitative methodology. We used the focus group method with four groups: elementary (N=3), secondary (N=10), early childhood (N=6), and special education candidates (N=4). We asked teacher candidates about their understanding of dispositions and the dispositions assessment process at the beginning of their program and at the end of their program. Based on the analysis, we found that self-assessment of dispositions at this institution is well-grounded conceptually, and the teacher education candidates found the process to be meaningful to them, but that teacher education candidates‟ perspectives suggest it has been flawed in execution. We conclude with recommendations both for the teacher education program we have studied and for teacher education accreditation agencies.
Electronic Bullying among a Sample of Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders in Zarqa City
Authors: Almakanin Hisham A. , Younis Najati A. , Alhiary Ghaleb M.
Published: May 2022

The current study aimed at investigating levels of electronic bullying among a sample of students with emotional and behavioral disorders in the city of Zarqa, Jordan. Further, the study aimed at investigating the existence of any differences in levels of bullying due to gender and age. The sample consisted of 117 male and female students recruited from 4 public schools in Zarqa educational district in academic year 2015/2016. The Electronic Bullying Scale and Behavioral Disorder Scale were used. The results indicated high levels of electronic bullying among students, with a mean of 3.77 out of 4. Additionally, statisticaly significant differences were found between male and female students -in favor of male students- and across age -in favor of students older than 14 years.
Frequency of Different Types of Endothelial Corneal Dystrophies by Age, Gender, and Visual Acuity in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Naz Shagufta , Iqbal Afia , Sharif Saima , Kaul Haiba , Bakht Aysha Khush , Sadaf Shama
Published: May 2022

Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy (ECD) is, by definition, an endogenous degeneration that progresses slowly in the corneal endothelium as a result of genetic predisposition. A transverse study was conducted from September 2018 to June 2019, and the subjects affected with ECD were examined by visiting various city hospitals in Punjab including Sahiwal, Narowal, Okara, Gujranwala, Kasur, Lahore, and Multan. The basic objective of the current investigation was to find the frequency of different types of ECD in the population of different cities in Punjab. Data was collected based on relevant parameters such as age, gender, and visual acuity. The visual acuity was assessed by ophthalmologists via Snellen chart and Visual acuity test. Among 3000 patients, 6.6 % (n=198) cases of ECD were recognized which includes more males 52.52 % (n=104) as compared to females 47.48 % (n=94). Maximum cases of ECD 31.82 % (n=63) were observed in the 41-50 years of age group. In all types of ECD, FECD was observed most abundant with 38.38 % (n=76) and XECD with the least abundance of 6.67 % (n=13). The frequency of CHED and PPCD was 25.25 % (n=50) and 29.79 % (n=59) respectively. The results of recent research finalize that endothelial corneal dystrophy is a rare disease prevailing in Pakistan with a proportion of only 6.6 %. This study benefits in updating the data about the frequency of endothelial corneal dystrophy in Pakistan. Careful clinical evaluation, initial diagnosis, genetic counseling, genotyping, and correct treatment are necessary for the restoration of vision loss due to ECD.
AESTHETIC DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL CULTURE OF PERSONALITY IN CONDITIONS OF TERMINALIZATION OF HEALTHY LIFESTYLE VALUE
Authors: Ляушева Светлана Аслановна , Нехай Вячеслав Нурбиевич , Самсоненко Татьяна Александровна , Хакунов Нурбий Хасанбиевич , Хунагов Рашид Думаличевич
Published: May 2022

В статье рассматриваются особенности влияния физической культуры на формирование и развитие эстетических ценностей человека. Анализируются основные теоретические подходы к определению места и роли физической культуры в формировании социально-этических, деятельностных и эстетических характеристик личности. Отмечается, что эстетическое воспитание в значительной степени расширило перфекционистско-прагматическую направленность занятий физическими упражнениями посредством культивирования эстетических идеалов, эстетических вкусов/потребностей и встраивания в структуру тренировочного процесса эстетических знаний. Принципы олимпизма, усиливающие мотивационный ресурс физической культуры и спорта, ориентируют личность на диалектическое понимание эстетики тела и духа. На основе обобщения результатов социологического исследования, проведенного Всероссийским центром изучения общественного мнения (ВЦИОМ) в 2021 г., делается вывод о том, что в современном обществе потребность в использовании и дальнейшем внедрении эстетического воспитания становится основанием для приобщения к занятиям физической культурой. Оставаясь встроенной в соционормативную природу личности, система физического воспитания провозглашает здоровый образ жизни (ЗОЖ) этическим и виталистическим императивом общественного развития и транслирует его как терминальную ценность современности.

The paper considers the peculiarities of the influence of physical culture on the formation and development of aesthetic values of a person. Basic theoretical approaches to determination of place and role of physical culture in formation of socio-ethical, activity and aesthetic characteristics of personality are analyzed. Aesthetic education has greatly expanded the perfectionist-pragmatic orientation of exercise through the cultivation of aesthetic ideals, aesthetic tastes/needs and the incorporation of aesthetic knowledge into the structure of the training process. The principles of Olympism, which strengthen the motivational resource of physical culture and sports, direct the person to a dialectical understanding of the aesthetics of the body and spirit. Based on the generalization of the results of a sociological study conducted by the All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion in 2021, it is concluded that in modern society the need for the use and further introduction of aesthetic education becomes the basis for inclusion in physical education. Remaining built in the social normative nature of the personality, the system of physical training proclaims the healthy lifestyle (HL) an ethical and vitalistic imperative of social development and translates it as the terminal value of the present.
Съвременната българска литература за деца и формирането на умения за четене с разбиране в начална училищна възраст
Authors:   Sofia University „St. Kliment Ohridski“, Nelly Ivanova
Published: May 2022

The article focuses on Methodology and Literature education of pedagogy students - the most expected future primary school teachers, as a prerequisite for the effective formation of the reading comprehension skills of primary school students. The necessity of deep knowledge of contemporary child literature as well as the classic works for children is underlined.
Teachers’ Attitudes about Teaching and Learning Mathematics
Authors: Mihajlović Aleksandra , Kopas-Vukašinović Emina , Stanojević Vladimir ,   University of Kragujevac
Published: May 2022

The aim of the research is to determine the attitudes of teachers about different concepts of learning and teaching mathematics in the lower grades of primary school. In accordance with the goal, three research tasks were set in which we wanted to determine the attitudes of teachers towards the traditional and constructive concept of teaching and learning mathematics and possible differences in these attitudes in regard to the degree of education and work experience. The research sample consisted of 161 primary school teachers in Serbia. A scale of attitudes was used as an instrument, which contained 16 items (9 items referred to traditionalist beliefs, and 7 to constructivist beliefs). The results of the research indicate that teachers understand and act in accordance with the requirements of the constructivist concept of modern teaching, but at the same time they determine certain elements of traditional teaching as acceptable and desirable. When it comes to these attitudes, we found that there is no statistically significant difference in regard to the education and work experience of teachers globally, but there is significant difference when it comes to individual items. In some further research, the application of a qualitative methodology should examine how teachers understand and determine the items about which they have expressed their views.
Хуманистични аспекти на чуждоезиковото педагогическо взаимодейст- вие във висшето медицинско училище по време на пандемия
Authors:   Medical University – Pleven, Valova Teodora
Published: May 2022

The article represents the current pedagogical problem of building human relationships that foreign students face in Bulgarian second language acquisition for medical purposes in the conditions of Covid-19 and social distancing. A number of observed problems in the context of e-learning are analyzed. Special attention is paid to various aspects of academic communication with foreign medical students during the pandemic. Specific examples which can be used to prove that the usage of digital devices and content over a long period of time exacerbates the deficit of personal contacts and adds specific challenges to the multi- subject interaction: teacher – student – patient are given. The article outlines methodological ideas and tasks used in the distance learning environment in order to form both human e algorithms in the professional behavior of future medical professionals from other countries and skills for ethical communication in the healthcare.
Students` Activities in the Digital Environment
Authors:   South-West University “Neofit Rilski” – Blagoevgrad, Shopova Tatiana
Published: May 2022

This paper aims to highlight the key role of the information and communication technologies (ICT) in the activities of Bulgarian students, and to establish the mastery of their digital literacy skills. In its empirical part, the study turns to some areas of digital competence of students such as application of knowledge, skills and attitudes. The survey was conducted among 100 students during 2014 – 2015 by the method of direct individual survey through pre-designed questionnaire comprising of 40 questions. The data of the survey were analyzed using statistical methods – frequency, mean value and confidence level – 95%. The importance of the current research is not only in a theoretical, but also in a practical-application plane, aiming to highlight the crucial role of the digital literacy for students to adapt to the dynamic labour market and the need of outlining a d igital library as a significant mediator in the university educational environment.