bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENT OF MEDICAL SUPPLIES TO HELP WITH DISORDERS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM FUNCTION DURING SPACE MISSION
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Bogomolov V.V. , Polyakov A.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Kovachevich I.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Repenkova L.G. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Bundina M.V. ,   City polyclinic No. 3 of the Department of Health of the City of Moscow
Published: September 2021

Analysis of digestive function (DF) disorders in cosmonauts-participants in 83 main missions to the station Mir and ISS showed that episodic DF problems had been abated successfully with the help of onboard medicaments. Comparative assessment of the spaceflight adversities and digestive disease risk factors resulted in drawing up a list of predictable digestive diseases that includes the gastroesophageal reflux disease, irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspesia. Following the ensuing recommendations, the onboard medical kits have been complemented with the proton pump inhibitors, H2-histamine receptor antagonists, prokinetics of new classes, antibacterials, ursodesocholic acid preparations, and probiotics to treat gut dysbiosis. A broad use of prefilled syringes is advisable.
EFFECT OF TWO NEW TRIPEPTIDES ON THE HIPPOCAMPUS IN RATS
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Yasnetsov Vik.V. , Ivanov Yu.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Karsanova S.K. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Yasnetsov V.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: September 2021

Experiments on hippocampal slices in rats showed that, in contrast to piracetam (100 µM to 10 mM), two new tripeptides, i.e. H-asparagil-glutamyl-proline-OH and H-asparagil-glutamyl-arginin-OH (concentrations 500 µM, 1 and 2.5 mM respectively), strengthened the orthodrome population responses in field СА1. In all three concentrations the effect of H-asparagil-glutamyl-proline-OH was stronger than of the other tripeptide. That is both tripeptides facilitate synaptic transmission within the Schaffer collaterals-pyramidal neurons system in hippocumpal field CA1. Similarly to piracetam (100 µM, within 15 minutes) these tripeptides supported short-term potentiation of the hippocampal synaptic transfer by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). Specific NMDA-receptors antagonist D-AP5 cancelled the NMDA effect fully which infers that the observed effect is achieved through activation of NMDA-receptors. Effect from H-asparagil-glutamyl-proline-OH excelled equally piracetam and H-asparagil-glutamyl-arginin-OH; H-asparagil-glutamyl-arginin-OH excelled piracetam only.
Przyczynek do ideografii pojęcia całości społecznej
Authors: Wójtowicz Andrzej
Published: September 2021

Idea całości pojawia się w każdym rodzaju i gatunku myśli społecznej. Jej pojęcia ustanawiają myślenie społeczne i myśl społeczną pierwej, zanim doczeka się ona jakiejś teorii siebie samej. Gdy się jej dorobi, zasady sprecyzowane w procedurach metodologicznego i teoretycznego holizmu mają ugruntowanie w intuicjach i pojęciach ogólnych, jeśli tylko dają się one wysłowić w językach naturalnych. Pojęcia całości społecznej fundowały podstawy socjologii i pytania o ontologię rzeczywistości, którą opisują. W szczególności miały one i nadal mają udział w kształtowaniu dyskursu teoretycznego nauk społecznych. Od początku ich samowiedzy teoretycznej, od czasu dyskusji z przełomu XIX i XX wieku o statusie naukowym socjologii, uzasadnienie wiedzy socjologicznej domagało się przygotowania filozoficznego, odpowiedzi na pytanie, czym jest jej przedmiot jako struktura ontologiczna. Artykuł przedstawia te odpowiedzi w wybranych konfiguracjach dyskursu o narodzie na przełomie XIX i XX wieku w Polsce.
Survey of violence against women at a refugee settlement in Uganda
Authors: Hatano Tamaki
Published: September 2021

Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) can have long-term repercussions on the mental and physical health of survivors. The threat of SGBV increases for women and girls in times of crisis and is on the rise in humanitarian emergencies. For example, women in refugee camps are at risk
of SGBV. Associate Professor Tamaki Hatano is working to promote awareness of this situation and help establish a future where SGBV is eradicated. In her work, she conducts interviews with female refugees in order to hear their stories and learn of their experiences. At present, Hatano is
studying the Kiryandongo Refugee Settlement in Uganda. Although her work has been interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2015 and 2016 she visited the Settlement and interviewed 30 women. In doing so, she found that SGBV, including rape and violence in the form of theft and threats, is pervasive.
This work also highlighted the impact of SGBV on physical and psychological health and how it can alter life paths. This work confirmed to Hatano that there is a need for improved systems in place, including the establishment of a culture in which women feel safe reporting SGBV and also feel
assured that their experiences will be taken seriously and that they will be protected. In enhancing awareness and understanding of SGBV, Hatano envisions a future where it is eradicated.
Devising a fertility education guide relating to future pregnancy, childbirth and the formation of the family for high school students
Authors: Akizuki Yuri
Published: September 2021

High school sex education tends to focus on safe sex and preventing unwanted pregnancies. It is rarely mentioned that pregnancy is not a guaranteed outcome of unprotected sex. Some people will be unable to have children in the future and this is an eventuality that high school sex education
should prepare students for. Dr Yuri Akizuki, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan, is creating and developing an infertility prevention education programme for high school students. In doing so, her goal is to reduce the number of people who want to have children but cannot
have them, and ensure that younger people have knowledge of fertility. When working in a gynecological clinic during her studies, Akizuki encountered stories from women who faced infertility and weren't equipped with important knowledge on the topic and this experience provided the inspiration
for her current work. In the short term, Akizuki wants to ensure high school teachers are equipped with the skills and experience to teach and recognise the importance of fertility knowledge. In the long term, she hopes her work can help people to get pregnant later in life and even halt Japan's
declining birth rate. It is necessary to ensure that local and national governments understand the importance of fertility knowledge in order that fertility education can be provided to high school students. Akizuki and her team hope that their guide can be used as an important aid to sex
education in high schools.
Development and evaluation of interdisciplinary teaching materials that "tell Fukushima"
Authors: Doi Taeko
Published: September 2021

Ten years ago, the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Japan suffered major damage due to a massive earthquake and tsunami and this ultimately led to the second largest nuclear disaster in history. The area is still contaminated with unacceptable levels of dangerous pollution.
Professor Taeko Doi, Faculty of Education, Kanazawa University, believes there is a lack of educational materials about the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster and, without proper education of the events and aftermath, the Japanese people cannot fully recover. She is currently working on projects
related to the Fukushima disaster, the goal of which is to aid the individuals directly affected and improve environmental education in Japan as a whole. In her latest work, Doi is exploring the recent history of Fukushima in order to remind people that problems persist and provide support
to victims, as well as teachers trying to educate future generations. This work involves extensive surveys with survivors of the disaster and past and present Fukushima prefecture residents and has shed light on the issues facing residents, including dangerously high levels of radiation. Doi's
work is also used to create textbooks and teaching materials for schools. The goal is to keep the lessons and memories of Fukushima alive and inform coming generations in Japan and beyond about the future of energy.
Haftarot bij Paulus. De liturgische context van citaten als onderdeel van intertekstualiteit
Authors: Mulder M.C.
Published: September 2021

This article argues that the liturgical use of biblical texts should be included in an intertextual analysis. Rabbinic sources demonstrate a certain consensus on the liturgical reading cycles from the Torah and the Prophets in the early synagogue. Although the content of these cycles is not certain, external evidence disclose established connections between readings from the Torah and the Prophets (the haftarah-readings) in the first century CE. Paul’s letters display similar connections and a comparable hermeneutical strategy, as illustrated by a careful exegesis of Romans 15,9-12, Galatians 4,21-31, and 2 Corinthians 3.
Integration and implementation of Telepsychiatry in poverty reduction programs in Bangladesh. (Preprint)
Authors: Rashid Soron Tanjir , Shams Lamia
Published: September 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

The money and mind both matter for healthy living and the recent COVID-19 has impacted both our economic sector and mental health. Millions of people slipped below the poverty line due to the recent crisis and the mental health problems also rising exponentially. The risk of mental illness is higher among people living in poverty and people who live with mental illness drift into poverty due to their disorders. Moreover, the wide spread stigma is deep-rooted in the low socioeconomic condition and people living in the remote areas in Bangladesh even in the capital city people who are living in the slum have very limited access to mental health care. Due to lack of early identification and appreciate treatment a large segment of people in Bangladesh leads an unproductive life and becomes burden to family and society. As the price of mobile phone sets reduced and the cost for mobile calls and internet reduced it open the opportunity to increase awareness about mental health, promote early identification and provide evidence-based quality care by implementing telepsychiatry services. If we can ensure early identification and appropriate intervention it will reduce the burden of mental health burden also bring productive life to many people that will ultimately help in growth in national GDP. However, mental health is hardly considered in the poverty reduction programs in Bangladesh. In this paper, we discussed the relation of poverty and mental health in Bangladesh and how telepsychiatry can help in reducing the poverty of the country.
Examining the Patterns of Virtual Visit Uptake Across Clinical Disciplines Using Hospital Administrative Data During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Descriptive Study. (Preprint)
Authors: Liu Rebecca H , Hicks Lisa K , Jamieson Trevor
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a dramatic and rapid shift away from physical visits, resulting in an instantaneous and unplanned adoption of virtual (phone and video) visits.

OBJECTIVE

Administrative data at a large urban Canadian university-affiliated hospital network was analyzed to understand how clinical disciplines adopted phone and video visits early in the pandemic and how their use of virtual visits grew, sustained or was abandoned through the pandemic.

METHODS

Virtual visit adoption by clinical discipline was compared during both the early pandemic (Apr-May 2020) and peak reopening time periods (Oct-Nov 2020) in an attempt to categorize clinical disciplines by their adoption of virtual visits, and thus understand how best to provide change management support.

RESULTS

At our largest academic site, for which we had full data, 50.8% of ambulatory visits were provided by phone or video during the pandemic (94.5% phone, 5.5% video). There was considerable variability across services in terms of how they adopted virtual visits in the early pandemic and peak reopening. Phone was the dominant modality, but video had high usage (up to 95% of virtual visits) in select disciplines.

CONCLUSIONS

We identified 4 patterns that provide opportunities for dedicated support in some disciplines: early sustained adoption, non-adoption, late growth, and late abandonment. The phone was the dominant modality (>90% of virtual visits) but video had high use in some disciplines necessitating targeted support. Additional high-quality research examining phone vs. video visits across disciplines and contexts is critical; until then both should be supported.
Presagios, augurios y portentos de las conquistas de Mesoamérica.
Authors: Pastrana Flores Miguel
Published: September 2021

Este artículo estudia, desde la perspectiva del análisis historiográfico comparativo, los presagios o tetzáhuitl, que se consideran anuncios de la conquista española en las tradiciones purépecha y náhuatl registradas en la Relación de Michoacán y en el Códice florentino respectivamente. Para ello se revisa brevemente el significado cada presagio consignado en las obras de referencia y luego se hace un balance general de cada obra y les compara. Se propone la existencia de un trasfondo común interpretativo de tradición mesoamericana.
El G-Zero como escenario político internacional derivado de la Covid-19
Authors: Emmerich Norberto
Published: September 2021

La pandemia Covid-19 ha transparentado y acentuado elementos críticos ya presentes en el sistema político internacional, entre ellos las disputas entre Estados Unidos y China. Las preguntas sobre el futuro giran en torno a qué orden mundial sucederá al orden actual. Hay quienes auguran un orden multilateral renovado; otros, un orden en disputa que repetiría el escenario internacional de entreguerras; finalmente, otros pronostican un mundo desacoplado, un escenario G-Zero de distanciamiento, lo que se presenta en este trabajo como el escenario más probable. Se concluye que la globalización como la conocemos ya no seguirá existiendo.
Pandemia: Lecciones y Estrategias Urbanas
Authors: Iracheta Cenecorta Alfonso Xavier
Published: September 2021

Desde el inicio de 2020, el mundo se sumió en una crisis catastrófica por la pandemia de COVID-19. Este texto analiza el origen y la magnitud de la pandemia en América Latina; propone una explicación, relacionando la pandemia con las condiciones sociales y ambientales en un contexto de crisis sistémica del capitalismo global. Retoma algunas respuestas aplicadas en ciudades y las tendencias que se avizoran y propone nuevas estrategias urbanas que vayan más allá del estatus quo anterior a la pandemia.
La Historia y lo Cotidiano
Authors: Staples Anne
Published: September 2021

Gonzalbo Aizpuru, Pilar (ed.) (2019), La historia y lo cotidiano, El Colegio de México, Ciudad de México, 333 pp., ISBN: 978-607-564-164-5
Presagios, prodigios o tetzáhuitl de la Conquista de México: una aproximación histórica y ritual
Authors: Hermann Lejarazu Manuel A.
Published: September 2021

Dado el enorme interés que ha despertado el estudio de los presagios o tetzáhuitl vinculados a la Conquista de México, el presente artículo busca correlacionar el sentido interno del tetzáhuitl no como un signo de augurio, sino como la manifestación de los temores y miedos que experimentaba la persona al estar frente a un fenómeno prodigioso. De esta manera se analizarán los prodigios que dieron origen a la presencia divina en dos contextos diferentes, el prodigio en la antigua Roma del período de la República y el tetzáhuitl en la gran Tenochtitlán de principios del siglo XVI.
Los Villagranes de Huichapan y la visita de Ignacio Rayón
Authors: Herrejón Peredo Carlos
Published: September 2021

Este artículo muestra elementos de la complejidad del movimiento insurgente en Huichapan y su región durante el predomino de los guerrilleros de la familia Villagrán; asimismo, valora la incidencia que tuvo en esa región la visita de Ignacio Rayón como presidente de la Suprema Junta Nacional Gubernativa. Se busca ponderar el diverso tipo de guerra que llevaban a cabo por una parte los Villagranes, así como el cura Manuel Correa, y por otra, Ignacio Rayón, junto con la problemática que comportó tal visita, que se caracteriza tanto en lo inmediato como en lo trascendente, por las celebraciones conmemorativas que implicó.
La consumación de la independencia en producciones escolares de secundaria del siglo XXI en México
Authors: Mendoza Ramírez María Guadalupe , Huerta González Rodolfo , Cruz Bustos Rodolfo
Published: September 2021

El artículo discute significados históricos y pedagógicos en producciones escolares de secundaria sobre la Consumación de la Independencia de México y cuáles son los sentidos de la evaluación. Se analizan actividades en 13 cuadernos de Historia de México de tercer grado de 2010 a 2016. Se explora con ATLAS.ti el contenido del marco curricular de 2006, 2011 y 2017, y se atienden estos ejes: a) secuenciación temporal del conocimiento histórico; b) cronología, periodización y representación en líneas del tiempo; c) representación del espacio y hechos históricos en mapas e imágenes; d) lógica del contenido en los organizadores gráficos y resúmenes.
La disparatada idea de la ‘Conquista de México’.
Authors: Centeno Vargas Andrés Enrique
Published: September 2021

La Conquista de México es un tema nodal en la conformación de la identidad histórica mexicana y es parte importante de la vida cultural nacional. No obstante, la idea de la conquista se ha configurado en el marco de un complejo proyecto de Estado. Lo que este artículo propone es la deconstrucción de la idea de la conquista a partir del análisis de los primeros meses de Hernán Cortés en Mesoamérica bajo un enfoque que resalta la heterogeneidad del proceso de dominación castellana. Esta vía de análisis parte de un postulado de Walter Benjamin: el conocimiento del pasado mediante destellos.
Blåmålaren - Hälsinglands mest kände oidentifierade målare
Authors: Assis Anders
Published: September 2021

Artikeln är ett försök att identifiera den så kallade Blåmålaren, en av Hälsinglands mest kända men hittills oidentifierade folkliga målare. Starka indicier talar för att Blåmålaren kan vara flera medlemmar i en familj, en man och en hustru från Bingsjö i Dalarna. Spridningen av de verk som på stilistiska grunder kan tillskrivas Blåmålaren följer nämligen denna familjs rörelser i Hälsingland under 1840-talet. I indiciekedjan ingår förutom arkivaliska belägg även analyser av pigment och färgämnen hos några av de undersökta verken.
Konsteknologisk källforskning med ett hantverks- och konserveringsvetenskapligt perspektiv
Authors: Nyström Ingalill
Published: September 2021

Artikeln behandlar den tvärvetenskapliga metodologi som forskningsstudien primärt bygger på. Naturvetenskapliga analysmetoder kompletterar humanistiska analyser och på så vis kan ett föremål förstås och observeras på djupet. Till exempel kan råmaterial identifieras. Artikeln beskriver i korthet hur en konsteknologisk studie kan utföras och vilken teknisk apparatur som kan användas.
Färgers framställning, distribution och användning. Vejde, turkiskt rött och andra färger
Authors: Nyström Ingalill , Palmsköld Anneli , Assis Anders
Published: September 2021

Hälsinglands inredningskultur uppvisar en särpräglad färgrikedom. I denna artikel redogörs för pigmentens och färgämnenas ursprung och beredning. Speciellt fokus ligger på två växtfärgämnen, vejde och krapp som kan användas i såväl måleri- som textilhantverk. I sista delen av artikeln redogörs för hur handeln med färger och målarmaterial bedrevs i Hälsingland under 1700- och 1800-talen.
Målares tekniker, verktyg och tillvägagångssätt
Authors: Nyström Ingalill , Friis Liv , Knutsson Johan
Published: September 2021

I artikeln behandlas olika målarmaterial och -tekniker som använts på landsbygden i Hälsingland under perioden 1700–1870. Pigmenttillgången liksom bindemedelsmaterialet, verktygsuppsättning, tillvägagångssätt och handgrepp kunde variera beroende på utbildning, social status och ekonomi. I denna delstudie har målarhandböcker, olika bevarade verktyg och måleri undersökts.
Konstteknologiska undersökningar av hälsingemåleri och hur de kan hjälpa till vid attribueringar
Authors: Nyström Ingalill
Published: September 2021

I artikeln redogörs för forskningsprojektets konstteknologiska och materialtekniska analysresultat. Utgångspunkten har varit att studera signerade och säkert attribuerade verk av kända målare och målargrupper. Analyserna har utförts för att kartlägga målarnas användning av råmaterial och tillverkningstekniker vid målning av väggytor, tak och möbler. Resultaten är värdefulla för säkrare attribuering och för tolkningen av målares sociokulturella sammanhang. I artikeln beskrivs de pigment, färgämnen och bindemedel som identifierats i studien och i vilken mån de använts av respektive målare.
THE ADMINISTRATION OF FISH OIL TO PREGNANT RATS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF STRESS PREVENTS THE DISORDERS OF NITRIC OXIDE FORMATION AND ACTION IN OFFSPRING
Authors:   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University, Pauliukevich A.N.
Published: September 2021

Objectives. To assess the possibility to prevent the disturbances of nitric oxide (NO) formation and action system in prenatally stressed rats with the help of fish oil administered to their mothers during pregnancy against the background of stress. Material and methods. Outbred pregnant rats weighing 180-220 g were divided into equal groups (n=10): «Pregnant control», «Pregnant stress», «Pregnant control + fish oil», «Pregnant stress+fish oil». Stress was reproduced by exposure to stressors on different days of pregnancy: food deprivation during one day, contact with cats’ feces during one day, and immobilization in water (20 minutes, t°=23±2). Rats of the groups «Pregnant control + fish oil» and «Pregnant stress + fish oil» received 0.1 ml of fish oil (Biosola, Lithuania) as a gavage at a daily dose of 60 mg/kg of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids; rats of groups «Pregnant control» and «Pregnant stress» received an equivalent volume of starch solution (0.1 ml). In 3-month-old offspring (n=181), systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure (SBP, DBP, MAP, respectively) were measured noninvasively; the concentration of endothelial and inducible isoforms of NO-synthase (eNOS and iNOS, respectively), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) was determined in blood serum by ELISA; the content of nitrates/nitrites (NO3-/NO2-), diene conjugates (DC), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase was determined spectrophotometrically in blood serum. Results. Fish oil which was administered to pregnant rats under stress led to the increase of reduced compared with control males content of eNOS, cGMP, SOD, catalase, NO3-/NO2- (by 10.7%, 48.3%, 62.6%, 31.3%, 91.7%, respectively); the decrease of increased concentration of iNOS, ADMA, DC, MDA (by 21.8%, 37.4%, 61.2%, 75.9%, respectively) in the blood serum of male offspring. In female offspring of group «Pregnant stress + fish oil» the decrease of increased content of iNOS, DC, MDA (by 25.8%, 2.6 and 4.9 times, respectively) with the increase of reduced concentration of NO3-/NO2-, SOD (by 84.6%, 52%, respectively) were determined in the blood serum. The introduction of fish oil to pregnant rats against the background of stress prevented SBP, DBP, and MAP increasing in the offspring. Conclusions. The administration of fish oil to rats during pregnancy under chronic stress prevents the impairment of NO production and action in the offspring.
APPROACHES TO OPTIMIZING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FOR PEOPLE WITH HEREDITARY DISORDERS OF THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Authors:   Polessky State University, Shebeko L.L. , Bulyha V.V. ,   Polessky State University
Published: September 2021

The aim of the study was to assess the morphofunctional state and the level of motor activity of young people with phenotypic signs of hereditary connective tissue disorders. The study involved 320 students studying at the educational institution «Polessky State University» at the age of 17 to 20 years. In the course of the study the quantitative characteristics of the occurrence of phenotypic markers of hereditary connective tissue disorders in young people were determined, the functional characteristics of the body were estimated using anthropometry indicators, a functional test with dosed physical activity, and the level of motor activity of the subjects was assessed. As a result of the study, a high incidence of external signs of hereditary connective tissue disorders was revealed (in 39.1 % of the studied young people). The revealed functional features of the body of individuals with phenotypic manifestations of hereditary connective tissue disorders are expressed in an unfavorable reaction of the cardiovascular system to physical activity, unsatisfactory indicators of adaptation of functional systems, and a low level of motor activity. The carried out analysis of the data on the functional state of individuals with phenotypic manifestations of hereditary connective tissue disorders allows us to choose the optimal criteria for differentiating physical activity based on the identified features and functional disorders.
Islamic Paradigm of Money: Interconnected Dimensions
Authors: Imamia Tsumma Lazuardini , Suman Agus , Multifiah Multifiah , Manzilati Asfi
Published: September 2021

In Islam, money is viewed as a means to measure value and a tool for transactions. This study explains other dimensions of money while also examining its use in the interconnected social and religious phases of human life. Since money is perceived differently across cultures, we conducted a literature review to identify dimensions other than the one considered by Western culture. For this purpose, we used scientific articles, book chapters, and books as the primary sources, which allowed us to obtain a complete and coherent description of the phenomenon under study. According to the results, money not only has a transactional dimension that seeks to maximize profit (as it is mainly conceived by Western culture) but also a social and religious dimension. Giving money can be more satisfying than giving in-kind. In Islam, the money collected is freely spent based on individual needs. In addition, money (dinar and dirham) serves to measure pious deeds when employed as a unit of account in zakat and qurban, as well as in inheritances. In Islam, a proper management of monetary assets can help to link the social and religious dimensions in a coherent manner.
Treinamento de professores de odontologia: experiência em São Luiz – Maranhão
Authors: Louro Filho Paulo Pereira , Louro Guacira Lopes
Published: September 2021

This paper describe another interchange experience among lnstitutions working in the New Methodologies Project; this experiences was developed at São Luiz do Maranhâo, where another training in Introduction to Teaching Methodology was made by Dental School of Rio Grande do Sul University. The training with 15 teachers had the same purpose of previous experiences (improuve the speeed in training universitary teachers in the field of educational methodolbgy using Modules; in the paper comparison with other experiences are presented. The objetives was search and the satisfastion level was higher than in the other groups. All the experiences suggested that the best sequence in this kind of training, using this technology and instructional materials, must follow separetes and independent stops: 1 – teaching methodology; 2 – statistics; 3 – principles and technics in educational research. Another conclusion was that if the schools can get the instructional materials they would became multiplications centers of such trainings using their own human resources which can adapt the instructional materials to their own characteristics and condictions.
Prevalência de cárie dentária em jovens de 18 anos
Authors: Câmara Filho Patrício , Barbisan Alui Oliveira
Published: September 2021

1035 students in third grade of secondary school, in São Luís, the capital of Maranhão, Brazil, were examined. The mean age of them was about 18 years old. Utilizing a plan mirror and explorers number 5, each student in the study received a clinical dentel examination for diagnosing caries prevalence, through the DMF index and its components, by half maxilla and half jaw. In 99,50 per cent of the population studied, an average of caries incidence was 12,37 DMF by person and dental caries reached 44,31 per cent of erupted teeth. The highest caries incidence was on the superior arcade, in special in the left half maxilla. On the average, each student had 4,68 lost teeth; 4,72 with caries; and 2,87 restered. 15,10 per cent did not have removed teeth and 50,10 per cent needed at least, dental extraction. 45,50 per cent did not have restoretion.
Distance Learning on Formation of Technical Competencies of University Students (on the Example of Natural Sciences)
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Nauryzbayeva Gulnara K. , Revalde Gita ,   Riga Technical University, Gabdullina Gulmira L. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Aldzhambekova Guldana T. ,   International University of Information Technology, Adilzhan Kamila ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Published: September 2021

This paper presents our model of the organization and content of distance learning in physics for the formation of technical competencies of university students. An example of the organization of lectures on the topic "Electromagnetic induction" for students of the specialty "Power Engineering" is given. The organization of other forms of education is also given. The aim of the work is to develop technical competencies in students. A professionally oriented approach was used in teaching physics. The content of distance learning, presented through the electronic educational and methodological complex of the discipline, has been determined. The activities of teaching and learning of students are regulated, methods, forms and means of online distance learning are selected, at present, as methods of organizing activities, the result of educational activities reflects the quality of training in accordance with the successful teaching activities of students, as well as its diagnostics and control. The possibility of improving the quality of training in physics, increasing the levels of formation of technical competencies of future bachelors in the field of energy is shown on the example of distance learning in physics online, based on the use of professionally oriented training. The results of survey of the first year distance learning students showed quite high satisfaction, also for the students living in the rural regions in Kazаkhstan.
Central and Peripheral Nervous System
Authors: Benedetti Esther , Burnett James , Degnan Meredith , Horne Danielle , Missair Andres , Oppenheimer Joshua , Peskin Evan , Pulikal Adi
Published: September 2021

The neuronal, chemical, and electrical transmission of pain is a complex and intricate subject that continues to be studied and expounded. This review discusses the relevant physiology and influential factors contributing to the experience and subjective variation in a variety of acute and chronic pain presentations.

This review contains 4 figures, 4 tables, and 30 references
Keywords: acute pain, chronic pain, somatic pain, neuropathic pain, visceral pain, nociception, pain perception, gender-related pain, cancer pain, spine pain
Activation of HIF1α Rescues the Hypoxic Response and Reverses Metabolic Dysfunction in the Diabetic Heart
Authors: Sousa Fialho Maria da Luz , Purnama Ujang , Dennis Kaitlyn M.J.H. , Montes Aparicio Claudia N. , Castro-Guarda Marcos , Massourides Emmanuelle , Tyler Damian J. , Carr Carolyn A. , Heather Lisa C.
Published: September 2021

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) impairs hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1α activation, a master transcription factor that drives cellular adaptation to hypoxia. Reduced activation of HIF1α contributes to the impaired post-ischemic remodeling observed following myocardial infarction in T2D. Molidustat is an HIF stabilizer currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of renal anemia associated with chronic kidney disease; however, it may provide a route to pharmacologically activate HIF1α in the T2D heart. In human cardiomyocytes, molidustat stabilized HIF1α and downstream HIF target genes, promoting anaerobic glucose metabolism. In hypoxia, insulin resistance blunted HIF1α activation and downstream signaling, but this was reversed by molidustat. In T2D rats, oral treatment with molidustat rescued the cardiac metabolic dysfunction caused by T2D, promoting glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function, while suppressing fatty acid oxidation and lipid accumulation. This resulted in beneficial effects on post-ischemic cardiac function, with the impaired contractile recovery in T2D heart reversed by molidustat treatment. In conclusion, pharmacological HIF1α stabilization can overcome the blunted hypoxic response induced by insulin resistance. In vivo this corrected the abnormal metabolic phenotype and impaired post-ischemic recovery of the diabetic heart. Therefore, molidustat may be an effective compound to further explore the clinical translatability of HIF1α activation in the diabetic heart.
Composição Corporal de Jogadores de Futebol Sub-19: Influência da Posição de Campo
Authors:   Futebol Clube Paços de Ferreira, Paços de Ferreira - Portugal, Coelho Alexandra , Leão César ,   Futebol Clube Paços de Ferreira, Paços de Ferreira - Portugal, Maia Silva André ,   Futebol Clube Paços de Ferreira, Paços de Ferreira - Portugal
Published: September 2021

Este estudo pretendeu avaliar par metros antropométricos e de composição corporal de jogadores de futebol sub-19 e verificar se existiam diferenças entre as posições ocupadas em campo para as variáveis avaliadas. A amostra foi constituída por 28 jogadores de futebol sub-19 de uma equipa a competir na primeira divisão. Foram observadas diferenças significativas (p<0,05) entre as diferentes posições de campo para os valores médios de peso, estatura e massa muscular. Em suma, verificou-se a existência de uma especificidade posicional em termos de características antropométricas e de composição corporal nos jogadores de futebol sub-19 avaliados.
Krisis Global dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia
Authors: Aida Neli , Afif Fadeli Yusuf , Peni Tantri Siwi
Published: September 2021

This study aims to analyze the impact of the global crisis that occurred in 2008 on economic growth, the trigger for the crisis, namely an increase in credit accumulation in a large amount and in a short time in the United States (US), this increase led to an increase in bad credit so that it was quite large in the world economy. Economic growth, the global crisis, investment, exports, and labor are variables that will be obtained from the Central Statistics Agency, the Investment Coordinating Board, and others. The result of the unit root test and cointegration shows that the Error Correction Model is the chosen model. The results showed that the global crisis had a significant and negative impact on economic growth in Indonesia, while exports, labor, and investment had a significant and positive impact. Therefore, the government must maintain the balance of the economy to prevent a crisis, as well as the need to encourage investment, exports, and human resources to encourage increased economic growth.
Rudra Mahāvīra: Vrātya Elements in the Vedic Pravargya-Complex
Authors: Edholm Kristoffer
Published: September 2021

The article looks at the Vedic pravargya ritual and associated mythology in light of recent studies on the ancient Indian vrātyas,  consecrated warriors who were thought to impersonate the deities Rudra, Indra, the Maruts, and the Aśvins (also known as Rudras). It is argued that vrātya elements in pravargya include Rudra as Mahāvīra (a heroic character, also an epithet of the vessel containing the offering), the sattra (collective ritual) setting of the paradigm myth, the motif of the unstrung bow, the minimal presence of females in pravargya, and divinisation of man as a goal of the ritual. The superhuman status attributed to the Mahāvīra is comparable with that of Atharvavedic characters like the vrātya and the brahmacārin (celibate student); the affinity between these figures may be derived from a common ascetic ideology, the roots of which some are to be sought in the warrior society.
Folk Knowledge in Southern Siberia in the 1770s: Johan Peter Falck’s Ethnobiological Observations
Authors: Ståhlberg Sabira , Svanberg Ingvar
Published: September 2021

The southern Siberian Turkic groups were mostly unknown to outsiders when the Swedish scientist Johan Peter Falck (1732–1774) visited their settlements in the early 1770s. Falck led one of the expeditions dispatched between 1768 and 1774 by the Russian Academy of Sciences to different parts of the Russian Empire. As a botanist, zoologist, ethnographer and linguist, during his jour­neys he recorded information not only about the environment but also about the peoples he met and their political and social organisation, as well as ethnographic data. Falck’s rich and detailed travelogue was published posthumously and soon forgotten, while the rich data remained unat­tended for almost two centuries. In recent years, mainly biologists have rediscovered the materials, yet ethnobiological data is also plentiful. Knowledge about the environment is crucial for survival, and the complex relationship between humans and their environment is often reflected in names given to living organisms and places or in perceptions of the surroundings. This article focuses on Siberian Turkic folk knowledge among the Chulym Tatars, Kacha, Soyan, and Teleut, based on the observations by Johan Peter Falck in the 1770s. Ethnobiological and linguistic materials are used in an effort to at least partly reconstruct the cognitive world in which these peoples lived and created their concepts of the environment. The article is a preliminary contribution to the study of historical ethnoecology and ethnobiology.
Changes in the Atmospheric Pressure as an Unfavorable Factor of Work in the Deep Open Pits
Authors:   NUST MISIS, Dragunskiy O.N. , Rivkin M. ,   Dead Sea Clinic
Published: September 2021

The need in considering changes (including sharp) of the atmospheric pressure during the operation of deep open pits as one of the unfavorable factors is substantiated. It is believed that the atmospheric pressure in a particular region varies slightly-within 30–40 mm Hg per year. But at the present time, when only in Russia there are five open pits with a depth of 500 m and more, it is impossible to ignore changes in the atmospheric pressure in relation to workers moving, for example, by motor transport, from the surface to the bottom of the open pit and back. In this case, it can change by 50 or more mm Hg in half an hour. To solve the related problems, it is required to find out how atmospheric pressure affects the blood pressure of the open pit workers. The experience of the Dead Sea Clinic located in Israel at the Dead Sea at a depth of more than 400 m below the sea level is taken as a basis. Long-term measurements of the blood pressure in patients of the clinic revealed a tendency to decrease it by an average of 10–20 mm Hg. To prevent the adverse effect of a sharp change in the atmospheric pressure on people working in deep open pits, it is required to provide for appropriate measures of a different nature: technological (provide for changes in the characteristics of the open pit roads to ensure smoother descents and ascents of the dump trucks); technical (use of the conveyor and combined transport); organizational (including changes in the work and rest regimes of the working employees); regulatory (amendments to the relevant safety rules and other normative documents). To apply the results obtained in the open pit mining, it is necessary to conduct appropriate research in the operating deep open pits.
Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter Dalam Membina Sikap Disiplin Peserta Didik di Taman Pendidikan Al-Qur’an (TPQ) Ihsan Muhammadiyah Kota Padang
Authors: Hastarina Mia , Murniyetti Murniyetti
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi karena menurunnya etika dan moral peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pelaksanaan, evaluasi, faktor pendukung dan penghambat pendidikan karakter dalam membina sikap disiplin peserta didik di TPQ Ihsan Muhammadiyah Kota Padang. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik mengumpulkan data wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan deduktif. Dari penelitian dapat disimpulkan: (1) pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter dalam membina sikap disiplin peserta didik dilakukan dengan peraturan yang harus ditaati, pemberian nasihat, dan sanksi, (2) evaluasi pendidikan karakter membina sikap disiplin peserta didik menghasilkan beberapa hal memiliki rasa tanggung jawab, terbiasa berprilaku baik, mengembangkan dan menguatkan keyakinan, berakhlakul kharimah, (3) Faktor pendukung dari pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter dalam membina sikap disiplin peserta didik yaitu adanya guru yang berkompeten/professional, peran aktif ustadz maupun ustadzah sebagai pendidik, adanya dukungan dari keluarga atau orang tua. Sedangkan faktor penghambat yaitu kurangnya kesadaran peserta didik untuk berkarakter disiplin dan pengaruh teman bergaul.
Peran Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Membentuk Karakter Peserta Didik di SMP Negeri 7 Payakumbuh
Authors: Oktavia Anggun , Rahman Rini
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini untuk melihat peran guru PAI dalam membentuk karakter peserta didik, faktor pendukung dan penghalang yang di temukan guru PAI dalam membentuk karakter peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data diambil melalui wawancara langsung yaitu dengan Kepala Sekolah, Wakil Kesiswaan, guru PAI, dan peserta didik. Untuk memperkuat data penelitian penulis juga mengambil data melalui observasi dan dokumentasi. Seluruh data wawancara dianalisis dengan cara reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Secara keseluruhan hasil penelitian mendapati bahwa, pertama pada aspek peran guru PAI terdapat tujuh peran yang dilakukan guru PAI yaitu guru sebagai pendidik, pengajar, pembimbing, pelatih, pengelola kelas, informator, motivator. Kedua faktor pendukung pembentukkan karakter peserta didik yaitu faktor internal dorongan yang berasal dari dalam diri individu dan faktor eksternal lingkungan masyarakat, sekolah, dan dorongan orang tua. Faktor penghambatnya faktor eksternal yaitu ketidakpahaman orang tua tentang pembentukkan karakter anak dan lingkungan tempat tinggal.
Peranan Orangtua Dalam Pembinaan Akhlak Remaja di Kecamatan Nanggalo Kota Padang
Authors: Anjani Gheatasya Sagita , Rivauzi Ahmad
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) Menjelaskan peran orangtua dalam pembinaan akhlak remaja, dan 2) Mendeskripsikan faktor pendukung dan penghambat orangtua dalam pembinaan akhlak. Penelitian ini berjenis penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data diambil melalui dokumentasi, observasi, dan wawancara dengan tujuh informan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peranan orangtua dalam pembinaan akhlak remaja belum berjalan secara maksimal, dikarenakan oleh beberapa faktor di antaranya yaitu kurangnya pendidikan orangtua tentang akhlakul karimah, kurangnya kesadaran orangtua untuk memberikan contoh akhlak yang baik di dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, dan faktor lingkungan yang kurang mendukung remaja untuk memiliki akhlak yang baik sehingga menjadi penyebab beberapa kasus terjadi pada beberapa keluarga. Contoh kasus yang diantaranya yaitu terdapat orangtua yang tersangkut kasus sebagai bandar narkoba, di dalam keluarga tersebut juga terdapat salah seorang anak yang hamil diluar nikah. Contoh permasalahan yang lain juga ditemukan dikeluarga berbeda, yang mana orangtua memberikan izin anaknya untuk berduaan dengan teman lawan jenis dirumah.
Metode Pembelajaran dalam Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam di Sekolah Menengah Pertama
Authors: Sholehatin Sholehatin , Wirdati Wirdati
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui metode pembelajaran yang digunakan guru dalam meningkatkan minat belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran pendidikan agama Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Lokasi penelitian ini di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 1 Tiumang, Kabupaten Dharmasraya. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis melalui tiga tahap yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Temuan penelitian ini adalah metode pembelajaran yang digunakan guru dalam meningkatkan minat belajar peserta didik yang bervariatif. Variasi metode yaitu metode ceramah, diskusi, tanya jawab, pemberian tugas, demonstrasi, keteladanan, nasihat, penghargaan (reward) dan hukuman (punishment), serta metode belajar di luar kelas. Metode pembelajaran yang bervariatif ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan minat belajar peserta didik pada mata pelajaran pendidikan agama Islam.
Strategi Guru PAI Dalam Menghadapi Kesulitan Membaca Alquran Peserta Didik Kelas V SD Negeri 04 Kampung Dalam
Authors: Mulia Annisya , Kosasih Ahmad
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebab kesulitan yang dihadapi peserta didik dalam membaca Alquran di SD Negeri 04 Kampung Dalam. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian lapangan dan metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa penyebab kesulitan yang di hadapi peserta didik adalah terbata-bata dalam membaca Alquran, belum mengetahui tanda baca, kurang menguasai kaidah ilmu tajwid, tidak mengenal huruf hijaiyah, lupa, malas dalam belajar serta tidak percaya diri dan takut salah dalam membaca Alquran. Sedangkan faktor penyebab kesulitan membaca Alquran terbagi menjadi 2 yaitu internal dan eksternal. Faktor internal seperti kurangnya motivasi dalam diri peserta didik dan malas dalam belajar, faktor eksternalnya yaitu lingkungan keluarga yang kurang mendukung, lingkungan teman sepermainan yang kurang memadai serta waktu yang sangat terbatas. Faktor pendukungnya adalah sarana prasarana yang memadai seperti buku dan Alquran
The influence of Leo Tolstoy on the work of european writers from the standpoint of developing family themes
Authors: Afandiyeva Ayten Arif
Published: September 2021

The family theme permeates the work of the three titans of literature - Leo Tolstoy, Hervé Bazin and John Galsworthy. As is well known, these are great representatives of different generations and nationalities. The importance of the problem statement is self-evident; it is included in the register of the so-called "eternal plots". The institution of marriage and family, as well as issues of the extinction of love and the identification of the causes of the breakdown of relationships, will draw attention to themselves as long as humanity is alive. The family theme in the work of Leo Tolstoy is so voluminous, and the breadth of conclusions and generalizations in the work is so deep that it is fundamentally impossible to fit it into the framework of one article. Therefore, we limited ourselves to the most striking examples from Tolstoy's "flash fiction". To complete the picture, we pointed to the creative borrowing of a number of Tolstoy's ideas in the family epic sagas of Bazin and Galsworthy.