bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Source model for the Mw 6.0 earthquake in Jiashi, China on 19 January 2020 from Sentinel-1A InSAR data
Authors: Yu Pengfei , Qiao Xuejun , Xiong Wei , Chen Wei , Nie Zhaosheng , Wang Dijin , Jia Zhige , Li Jie
Published: November 2020

On January 19, 2020, anMw6.0 earthquake occurred in Jiashi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. The epicenter was located at the basin-mountain boundary between the southern Tian Shan and the Tarim Basin. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is used to obtain the coseismic deformation field from both ascending and descending Sentinel-1A satellite images of the European Space Agency. The results showed that the coseismic deformation is distributed between the Kalping fault and the Ozgertaou fault. The earthquake produced significant deformation over an area of approximately 40 km by 30 km. The maximum and minimal displacements along the line of sight (LOS) are 5.3 cm and − 4.2 cm for the ascending interferogram and are 7.2 cm and − 3.0 cm for the descending interferogram, respectively. The fault geometry from the Multi peak Particle Swarm Optimization computation indicates that the seismogenic fault is a shallow low-dipping planar fault that is 4.58 km depth underground. The finite slip model inverted by the Steepest Descent Method implies that the rupture is dominated by a thrust fault. The slips are concentrated in a depth of 5–7 km with a maximum slip of 0.29 m. The estimated total seismic moment is 1.688 × 1018Nm, corresponding to a magnitude ofMw6.1. The seismogenic fault is the Kalping fault which has a listric structure. The coseismic deformation only occurred on the décollement layer and did not involve the ramp segment. The coseismic Coulomb stress changes have enhanced the stress on the deep margin of the Jiashi earthquake rupture area, indicating that there is still the possibility of strong earthquakes in this region in the future.
Adrenal metastasis as the initial diagnosis of synchronous papillary and follicular thyroid cancer
Authors: He Xin , Soleimanpour Scott A. , Clines Gregory A.
Published: November 2020

Background

Differentiated thyroid cancer uncommonly presents with distant metastases. Adrenal metastasis from differentiated thyroid cancer presenting as the initial finding is even less common.

Case Presentation

A 71-year-old male was incidentally found on chest CT to have bilateral thyroid nodules, which were confirmed on ultrasound. Fine needle aspiration of the dominant right 3.3 cm nodule contained histologic features most consistent with Bethesda classification III, and repeat fine needle aspiration revealed pathology consistent with Bethesda classification II. Follow-up thyroid ultrasound showed 1% increase and 14% increase in nodule volume at one and two years, respectively, compared to baseline. Prior to the second annual thyroid ultrasound, the patient was incidentally found to have a 4.1 cm heterogeneously enhancing mass in the right adrenal gland on CT of the abdomen and pelvis. Biochemical evaluation was unremarkable with the exception of morning cortisol of 3.2 µg/dL after dexamethasone suppression. The patient then underwent laparoscopic right adrenal gland excision, which revealed metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma. Total thyroidectomy was then performed, with pathology showing a 4.8 cm well-differentiated follicular thyroid carcinoma of the right lobe, a 0.5 cm noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features of the left lobe, and a 0.1 cm papillary microcarcinoma of the left lobe. Thyrotropin-stimulated whole body scan showed normal physiologic uptake of the remnant thyroid tissue without evidence of other iodine avid disease. The patient then received radioactive iodine. At follow-up 14 months after total thyroidectomy, he remains free of recurrent disease.

Conclusion

Despite following the recommended protocol for evaluation and surveillance of thyroid nodules, thyroid cancer can be challenging to diagnose, and may not be diagnosed until distant metastases are identified.
Spillover of ebolaviruses into people in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo prior to the 2018 Ebola virus disease outbreak
Authors: Goldstein Tracey , Belaganahalli Manjunatha N. , Syaluha Eddy K. , Lukusa Jean-Paul K. , Greig Denise J. , Anthony Simon J. , Tremeau-Bravard Alexandre , Thakkar Riddhi , Caciula Adrian , Mishra Nischay , Lipkin W. Ian , Dhanota Jasjeet K. , Smith Brett R. , Ontiveros Victoria M. , Randhawa Nistara , Cranfield Michael , Johnson Christine K. , Gilardi Kirsten V. , Mazet Jonna A. K.
Published: November 2020

Background

The second largest Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak began in the Democratic Republic of Congo in July 2018 in North Kivu Province. Data suggest the outbreak is not epidemiologically linked to the 2018 outbreak in Equateur Province, and that independent introduction of Ebola virus (EBOV) into humans occurred. We tested for antibodies to ebolaviruses in febrile patients seeking care in North Kivu Province prior to the EVD outbreak.

Methods

Patients were enrolled between May 2017 and April 2018, before the declared start of the outbreak in eastern DRC. Questionnaires were administered to collect demographic and behavioural information to identify risk factors for exposure. Biological samples were evaluated for ebolavirus nucleic acid, and for antibodies to ebolaviruses. Prevalence of exposure was calculated, and demographic factors evaluated for associations with ebolavirus serostatus.

Results

Samples were collected and tested from 272 people seeking care in the Rutshuru Health Zone in North Kivu Province. All patients were negative for filoviruses by PCR. Intial screening by indirect ELISA found that 30 people were reactive to EBOV-rGP. Results were supported by detection of ebolavirus reactive linear peptides using the Serochip platform. Differential screening of all reactive serum samples against the rGP of all six ebolaviruses and Marburg virus (MARV) showed that 29 people exhibited the strongest reactivity to EBOV and one to Bombali virus (BOMV), and western blotting confirmed results. Titers ranged from 1:100 to 1:12,800. Although both sexes and all ages tested positive for antibodies, women were significantly more likely to be positive and the majority of positives were in February 2018.

Conclusions

We provide the first documented evidence of exposure to Ebola virus in people in eastern DRC. We detected antibodies to EBOV in 10% of febrile patients seeking healthcare prior to the declaration of the 2018–2020 outbreak, suggesting early cases may have been missed or exposure ocurred without associated illness. We also report the first known detection of antibodies to BOMV, previously detected in bats in West and East Africa, and show that human exposure to BOMV has occurred. Our data suggest human exposure to ebolaviruses may be more frequent and geographically widespread.
Peri-prosthetic trans-patellar fractures after Total knee Arthroplasty: a case series and review of literature
Authors: Govil Gaurav , Tomar Lavindra , Dhawan Pawan
Published: November 2020

Peri-prosthetic patella fracture is the second most common peri-prosthetic fracture after total knee arthroplasty. This report presented the treatment results in 6 patients with peri-prosthetic patella fractures. From January 2015 to February 2019, six patients with peri-prosthetic patella fractures were treated. The mean age at surgery was 64 years (range, 48–72 years). Four patients with displaced fractures were treated surgically, and two patients with non-displaced fractures were treated non-surgically. Outcomes were assessed in terms of motion, functional knee score, and Knee Society score. The mean follow-up period lasted 16 months (range: 12–20 months). The average arc of motion was 110° (range: 80°–130°). The mean functional knee score was 77 (range: 70–87). The mean Knee Society score was 84 (range: 75–89). The non-surgical treatment may be a good choice for non-displaced peri-prosthetic patella fractures. For displaced fractures, surgical treatments yielded good functional outcomes.

Level of evidence

IVa
Role of magnetic resonance imaging in characterization of central nervous system lesions in pediatric patients with leukemia and post-treatment complications
Authors: Amer Eman M. , Youssef Ahmed F. , Romeih Marwa A. , Youssef Ayda A. , Khater Hamada M.
Published: November 2020

Background

Leukemia is one of the most common fatal diseases in pediatric oncology. Recently, advances in drug therapy have improved the prognosis of acute leukemia with event-free survival of up to 60%; however, complications and adverse effects of the disease and anti-leukemic treatment have also increased. The CNS complications of leukemia can be classified into those that developed directly or indirectly from the underlying leukemic process and those that can be related to antileukemic therapy. MRI had improved early detection of CNS complications and proper management. The study aims to characterize the MRI findings caused by the leukemic involvement of CNS structures and treatment-associated CNS complications and assess its value in early management and avoidance of long-term side effects.

Results

The patient’s age ranged from 2 to 18 years with different types of leukemia classified regarding the time of presentation as pretreatment, during treatment phases, and post-treatment. Different MRI abnormalities were recorded and clinically correlated.

Conclusion

The neurological complications of leukemia have common presenting symptoms but varying imaging abnormalities. To reach the correct diagnosis, the presenting signs, symptoms, and laboratory data must be considered along with the radiologic findings. A diagnostic algorithm using conventional, post-contrast MRI, MR venography, along with diffusion-weighted MRI was of great value in early detection and differentiation of different CNS lesions detected in pediatric patients with leukemia and post-treatment CNS complications.
Input from multiple stakeholder levels prioritizes targets for improving implementation of an exercise intervention for rural women cancer survivors
Authors: Qu Haiyan , Shewchuk Richard , Hu Xuejun , Baumann Ana A. , Martin Michelle Y. , Pisu Maria , Oster Robert A. , Rogers Laura Q.
Published: November 2020

Background

Although evidence-based interventions for increasing exercise among cancer survivors (CSs) exist, little is known about factors (e.g., implementation facilitators) that increase effectiveness and reach of such interventions, especially in rural settings. Such factors can be used to design implementation strategies. Hence, our study purpose was to (1) obtain multilevel perspectives on improving participation in and implementation of a multicomponent exercise behavior change intervention for rural women CSs and (2) identify factors important for understanding the context using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) for comparison across three levels (CSs, potential interventionists, community/organizational stakeholders).

Methods

We conducted three nominal group technique meetings with rural women CSs, three with community/organizational stakeholders, and one with potential interventionists. During each meeting, participants were asked to respond silently to one question asking what would make a multicomponent exercise intervention doable from intervention participation (CSs) or implementation (potential interventionists, stakeholders) perspectives. Responses were shared, discussed to clarify meaning, and prioritized by group vote. Data was deductively coded using CFIR.

Results

Mean age of CSs (n = 19) was 61.8 ± 11.1 years, community stakeholders (n = 16) was 45.9 ± 8.1 years, and potential interventionists (n = 7) was 41.7 ± 15.2 years. There was considerable consensus among CSs, potential interventionists, and stakeholders in terms of CFIR domains and constructs, e.g., “Design quality and packaging” (Innovation Characteristics), “Patients needs and resources” (Outer Setting), “Available resources” (Inner Setting), and “Engaging” (Process). However, participant-specific CFIR domains and constructs were also observed, e.g., CSs endorsed “Knowledge and beliefs about the intervention,” “Individual stage of change,” and “Self-efficacy” (Characteristics of Individuals); potential interventionists valued “Tension for change” (Inner Setting) and “Innovation participants” and “Key stakeholder” (Process); stakeholders emphasized “Goals and feedback” and “Network and communication” (Inner Setting), and “Planning” (Process). How the three participant levels conceptualized the CFIR constructs demonstrated both similarities and differences.

Conclusions

Multilevel input yielded diversity in type, relative priority, and conceptualization of implementation facilitators suggesting foci for future implementation strategy development and testing. Findings also reinforced the importance of multilevel implementation strategies for increasing exercise in an underserved, at-risk population.
Etiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of acute pancreatitis in patients at Assiut University Hospital
Authors: Alkareemy Enas Ahmed Reda , Ahmed Lobna Abdel-Wahid , El-Masry Muhammad Abbas , Habib Hany Ayad , Mustafa Mohamed H.
Published: November 2020

Background

Acute pancreatitis is one of the main causes of acute abdomen. It may cause multi-organ failure or even death. High morbidity and mortality are associated with it. The research study aimed at evaluating the clinical characteristics and results of acute pancreatitis in our community.

Results

Mean age of patients was 50.96 ± 9.71 years and 30 (60%) patients were males. Gallstone was the most frequent etiology (56%) followed by idiopathic pancreatitis (26%). The majority of patients improved and only four patients died. Old age, presence of comorbidities, and leucocytosis were risk factors for a severe attack while old ages, presence of comorbidities, severe pancreatitis, and presence of complications were associated with mortality.

Conclusion

Acute pancreatitis could have serious outcomes if not correctly and early managed. It is recommended to perform multicenter studies with a large sample of patients. A multi-disciplinary team is required to assess idiopathic pancreatitis.
Otoacoustic emissions and contralateral suppression in tinnitus sufferers with normal hearing
Authors: Elmoazen Doaa , Kozou Hesham , Elabassiery Basma
Published: November 2020

Background

The general consensus on the role of hearing loss in generating tinnitus is not relevant in tinnitus patients with normal hearing thresholds. One source of tinnitus may be related to damage to outer hair cells (OHC) of the cochlea. If the OHC of the human cochlea are to be involved in the generation of tinnitus, testing of Otoacoustic emissions (OAE) could provide a reliable means of recording OHC dysfunction. We investigated the role of OHC and cochlear efferent system in tinnitus development in normal hearing ears through studying of Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAE) and Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAE) amplitudes, contralateral suppression amplitudes and suppression value in 15 normal hearing tinnitus patients and 15 control subjects.

Results

Mean f2 DPOAE amplitudes and contralateral suppression were significantly lower in tinnitus group compared to controls for all frequencies from 1001 to 6348 Hz. Suppression values of DPOAEs revealed lower but not significant difference between tinnitus and control groups for all frequencies except 1587 and 6348 Hz. TEOAE amplitudes and contralateral suppression were significantly lower in tinnitus groups for all frequencies from 1000 to 4000 Hz compared to the control group. Suppression value of TEOAEs revealed no significant difference between the two groups for all frequencies except 3000 and 4000 Hz were significantly lower in the tinnitus group compared to the control group.

Conclusions

Normal hearing manifested by pure tone audiometry in non-vascular tinnitus sufferers does not exclude OHC and/or cochlear efferent pathology.
Constitutional Status of Polish Intelligence Services since 1989 – Intelligence vs. the Police
Authors: Kolaszyński Mateusz
Published: November 2020

The aim of the paper is to focus on two characteristic features which make it difficult to define precisely the constitutional position of Polish intelligence services. First of all, there is no concise concept referring to the place and role that Polish intelligence services should play after 1989. Secondly, intelligence services lack clear distinction from police services. Not only are these services organized in a similar way but also their tasks and powers are alike. Here the question arises: where is the border between intelligence services and police services which were created for different purposes and which have other methods of interfering in individual’s rights and freedom.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Marketing Science and Field Experiments
Authors: Nelson Leif , Simester Duncan , Sudhir K.
Published: November 2020

This editorial introduces the special issue on marketing science and field experiments. We compare the characteristics of the papers that were submitted and accepted for the special issue and provide several recommendations for researchers. In general, we find field experiment research is greater in the areas of advertising and pricing with digital being the most common channel. We suggest that, beyond the estimation of effects and tests of hypotheses, field experiments can complement structural models; help train targeting policies; and also contribute to the nascent area of real-time, adaptive experimentation. We also discuss how field experiment research with a marketing science orientation can enhance and contribute in the areas of behavioral research and marketing strategy.
Think before you buy
Authors: Allingham Sue
Published: November 2020

Early years practitioners are constantly being told that they need to plug the gaps in children's learning with a variety of ready-made solutions. But it's worth taking the time to reflect on what you already have and asking whether these gaps really exist?
Is 'Digital Dentistry’ Dangerous for Teeth? Problems Associated with Zirconia and CAD/CAM Restorations
Authors: Kelly Robert D. , Kelleher Martin G.D.
Published: November 2020

The increasing prescription of metal-free dental restorations has come about as a result of various patient demands and somewhat narcissistic expectations. However, some dental professionals have contributed to the rise in popularity of these materials and techniques. This article highlights the potential pitfalls of undertaking inherently destructive procedures, particularly when performed for questionable “cosmetic” reasons.
Private Practice Pricing in the Birmingham Region
Authors: Bakshi Anant , Khan Raeesa , Ahmed Bilal
Published: November 2020

This study was carried out to evaluate the difference in prices for dental treatments carried out privately in general dental practice within the Birmingham area. Ten different practices were chosen at random, which were spread across Birmingham, in order to get a better insight into the differences across the districts. Their prices for pre-determined dental procedures were procured off the practices’ respective websites or through telephoning. The findings of this study have shown a wide variation in prices for each dental procedure, with the greatest variation in prices between practices being £850 for dental implants. The procedures with the lowest average cost were fissure sealants at £23.14. The procedure with the highest average cost was dental implants at £2,261.11. This study also showed that as more dental treatment was required, the mean cost for the dental intervention increased, regardless of the tooth being treated.
Microstructure evolution and wear behavior of AISI 304 stainless steel
after Nd:YAG pulsed laser surface melting
Authors: Cui C. Y. , Shu Y. X. , Cui X. G. , Hu J. D.
Published: November 2020

The microstructure and wear behavior of AISI 304 stainless steel after
Nd:YAG pulsed laser surface melting (LSM) were investigated. The
microstructural features of the LSM layer were characterized by field
emission scanning electron microscope and high-resolution transmission
electron microscope. Experimental results showed that the
microstructure was obviously refined to the nano- and sub-micrometer
scales on the AISI 304 stainless steel surface after LSM treatment.
Fine grains with grain size of less than 200 nm were obtained when the
applied laser energy densities were in the range of

1.90

×

1

0

7

to

3.52

×

1

0

7

J

/

m

2

during LSM. The results indicated
that the calculated surface temperature, cooling rate, and measured
grain size are closely related to the adopted laser energy densities.
The lower the laser energy density is, the lower the surface temperature,
and the faster the cooling rate, the finer the grain size. In
addition, the microhardness and wear resistance of the stainless steel
was significantly improved. Finally, the wear mechanism after LSM
process was revealed.
Design of a compact waveguide eyeglass with high efficiency by joining freeform surfaces and volume holographic gratings
Authors: Shi Xueliang , Liu Juan , Xiao Jiasheng , Han Jian
Published: November 2020

In this paper, a compact waveguide eyeglass integrating freeform surfaces and volume holographic gratings (VHGs) is proposed for full-color display with high energy utilization. The in-coupler with four freeform surfaces collimates the light emitting from the micro image source (MIS) and couples them into the waveguide. The six-layer VHGs as an outcoupler are designed to modulate the light propagating toward the user’s eye. The chromatic aberrations and aberrations are well optimized and compensated by the in-coupler. The diffraction angular bandwidth of the gratings matches the angular range of the light propagating in the waveguide. The simulation results show that our proposed eyeglass achieves a diagonal field of view (FOV) of 39.5°, the average diffraction efficiency of the outcoupler achieves 95.22%, and the diffraction uniformity is about 0.95. Because of the integrated designs and compact stable structures, the optimized display system is expected to be flexibly used in various applications.
Full field dependence of primary aberrations in perturbed double-plane symmetric systems with a circular pupil
Authors: Grosso Alessandro , Scharf Toralf
Published: November 2020

This paper deals with the theory of primary aberrations for perturbed double-plane symmetric optical systems consisting of a combination of tilted and decentered surfaces and a circular pupil. First, the analytical expressions describing the full field behavior of Zernike polynomials are derived from the fourth-order wavefront aberration function for this class of optical systems. Then, such expressions are combined to retrieve the full field dependence of primary coma, primary astigmatism, and field curvature. They are described by an elliptical conic-shaped surface with a variable apex location over the field of view, by a binodal surface with two nodes over the field of view, and by a general elliptical surface with one node. The proposed analytical expressions provide a better understanding of the primary aberration behavior for these systems and can be of great use in their optical design and aberration correction. An optical system constituted by a pair of tilted and decentered biconic lenses is studied to validate the proposed expressions.
Laser scanner measuring improved by image pixels using a Markov random field algorithm
Authors: Qinglong Hu , Wang Zhiwei , Niu Jiayu , Wang Shifeng
Published: November 2020

Laser scanners can be employed for spatial measuring tasks, but measuring accuracy is restricted because of the time of flight working principle. Laser-scanner-based observations with measuring errors might lead to rough spatial reconstruction. In this paper, an image registration method applying a Markov random field (MRF) algorithm is proposed. First, point cloud images are projected to a particular plane in a specific way. Then, the characteristic points of the projected image and the color image are extracted by an improved Harris algorithm. Next, the rotation and translation matrices can be calculated from the two image planes through the registration method. Finally, the MRF model is established describing the relation between the pixels and corresponding point cloud, which improves the resolution of the point cloud image. Furthermore, the color information of the point cloud is also matched. This method improves the efficiency and accuracy of registration. The final experimental result shows that using the MRF model increases measuring accuracy by 15%.
Formation of nanostructures and optical analogues of massless Dirac particles via femtosecond lasers
Authors: Zhang Nan , Chen Shih-Chi
Published: November 2020

Subwavelength-scale surface structures have many important engineering and nanotechnology applications, e.g., superhydrophobicity and light-trapping. However, an effective and economic nanofabrication solution for general engineering materials, e.g., metals or silicon, is still not available to date. In this paper, we present an experimental and theoretical study of the nanostructure formation mechanism based on double time-delayed femtosecond laser beams and the coupled mode theory (CMT), demonstrating the use of an optical analogue of massless Dirac particles for high-throughput nanofabrication for the first time. In the experiments, a variety of complex periodic structures, including hexagonally arranged nanoholes, nano-square array, and periodic ripples, have been fabricated. The formation mechanisms of these nanostructures are explained by the CMT, where a transient plasmonic waveguide array (TPWA) is formed by the interference between the preceding laser and the induced surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). The SPPs induced by the subsequent laser propagates through the TPWA, resulting in conical diffraction. This result shows the first practical application of the massless Dirac dynamics in nanofabrication.
All normal dispersion nonlinear fibre supercontinuum source characterization and application in hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering microscopy
Authors: Abdolghader Pedram , Pegoraro Adrian F. , Joly Nicolas Y. , Ridsdale Andrew , Lausten Rune , Légaré François , Stolow Albert
Published: November 2020

Hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a powerful label-free, chemical-specific technique for biomedical and mineralogical imaging. Usually, broad and rapid spectral scanning across Raman bands is required for species identification. In many implementations, however, the Raman spectral scan speed is limited by the need to tune source laser wavelengths. Alternatively, a broadband supercontinuum source can be considered. In SRS microscopy, however, source noise is critically important, precluding many spectral broadening schemes. Here we show that a supercontinuum light source based on all normal dispersion (ANDi) fibres provides a stable broadband output with very low incremental source noise. We characterized the noise power spectral density of the ANDi fibre output and demonstrated its use in hyperspectral SRS microscopy applications. This confirms the viability and ease of implementation of ANDi fibre sources for broadband SRS imaging.
High-peak-power narrowband eye-safe intracavity Raman laser
Authors: Dai Shi-Bo , Zhao Hui , Tu Zhi-Hua , Zhu Si-Qi , Yin Hao , Li Zhen , Chen Zhen-Qiang
Published: November 2020

We demonstrated a narrowband eye-safe intracavity Raman laser by incorporating a fused silica etalon into the fundamental resonator. The KGd(WO4)2 (KGW) Raman laser was pumped by an actively Q-switched Nd:YLF laser at 1314 nm. Thanks to the KGW bi-axial properties, two distinct eye-safe Raman lasers operating at 1461 and 1490 nm were obtained separately by rotation of the KGW crystal. At an optimized pulse repetition frequency of 4 kHz, the maximum average output powers of 3.6 and 4.0 W were achieved with the peak powers up to approximately 330 and 480 kW, respectively. The eye-safe Stokes emissions were narrow linewidth (∼0.05 nm FWHM; measurement limited) and near diffraction limited (M 2 < 1.4). The powerful narrowband eye-safe Raman lasers are of interest for applications as diverse as laser range finding, scanning lidar and remote sensing.
Integrated multispectral real-time imaging system based on metasurfaces
Authors: Xie Ting , Zhang Fei , Pu Mingbo , Guo Yinghui , Luo Xiangang
Published: November 2020

In this paper, a highly integrated array-based imaging system, composed of a lens array and a metasurface array, is proposed to achieve multispectral real-time imaging within a wide range of 400–1100 nm numerically. Each channel has an achromatic bandwidth of 50 nm and an aperture of about 5 mm, with the system average efficiency reaching over 91%. It breaks the restrictions of cumbersome volumes and limited materials that deteriorate the performance of conventional systems, facilitating miniaturization and integration. Moreover, the design method is also suitable for other spectral bands, widening applications of metasurfaces in multispectral imaging.
A Poética Sociológica de Medviédev e Sua Atualidade
Authors: Brito Matheus De
Published: November 2020

Recensão de Pável Nikoláievitch Medviédev. O método formal nos estudos literários: introdução crítica a uma poética sociológica, Trad. Ekaterina Vólkova Américo e Sheila Camargo Grillo, São Paulo, Contexto, 2012, 269 pp. [1ª ed., Leningrado, Pribói, 1928]. ISBN 978-85-7244-725-6 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_1-1_16
Livro e Materialidade | Book and Materiality
Authors: Baptista Abel Barros
Published: November 2020

Call for Papers para o Volume 2.1 (2014) de MATLIT, organizado por Abel Barros Baptista (ELAB, Universidade Nova de Lisboa).
Unknown Format | Formato Desconhecido
Authors: Baldwin Sandy , Roy Dibs
Published: November 2020

Call for Papers para o Volume 2.2 (2014) de MATLIT, organizado por Sandy Baldwin (West Virginia University) e Dibs Roy (West Virginia University).
Indicadores del uso de competencias informáticas entre estudiantes universitarios. Implicaciones formativas y sociales
Authors: Quicios García María del Pilar , Sevillano García María Luisa
Published: November 2020

El presente artículo pretende difundir resultados encontrados en el estudio preliminar del Proyecto de Investigación SEJ 2004-06803 I+D. Se señalan indicadores de uso de competencias informáticas desarrolladas por dos grupos de universitarios españoles y necesidades formativas declaradas para conseguir autonomía en el uso de las competencias informáticas. Las muestras analizadas estuvieron compuestas por dos grupos de estudiantes de primero de Comunicación Audiovisual y tercero de Periodismo de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Cada grupo lo conformaron 60 estudiantes que respondieron un cuestionario de naturaleza cuantitativa (escala Likert) y una serie de cuestiones de respuesta cualitativa. Entre las conclusiones encontradas se señala que la edad no es factor determinante para el uso de competencias informáticas. Tampoco lo es la titulación estudiada. Como necesidades formativas declaradas se encuentran una instrucción sistemática en herramientas de uso y una formación educativa que ponga límites al uso relacional de herramientas virtuales.
Ser uno mismo. Repensando la autonomía y la responsabilidad como coordenadas de la educación actual
Authors: Ruiz Corbella Marta , Bernal Guerrero Antonio , Gil Cantero Fernando , Escámez Sánchez Juan
Published: November 2020

Uno de los objetivos clave de la educación del siglo xxi es la formación en la autonomía y la responsabilidad. La primera, como garantía de la configuración de la identidad de cada individuo que conlleva, a su vez, un compromiso ante uno mismo, ante los otros y lo otro. La segunda, como respuesta a nuestra capacidad de comprometernos. Para ello será necesario sumergirnos, en primer lugar, en los conceptos de individualidad y libertad, ejes del despertar del sujeto y del desarrollo de su identidad. En segundo lugar, plantear los derechos y deberes de toda persona en cualquier escenario de interacción, puntos de referencia permanentes, para abordar, en tercer lugar, la responsabilidad, clave para la construcción de la identidad moral de cada individuo. En definitiva, formar a cada uno para que sea capaz de vivir conforme a su propia identidad, comprometido con un proyecto vital común con los otros y lo otro, en un mundo donde múltiples miradas son posibles.
Conocer, enseñar y educar no significan lo mismo. El carácter y sentido de la educación como referentes de su significado desde la mirada pedagógica
Authors: Touriñán López José Manuel
Published: November 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es la formación de criterio sobre el significado de «educación» y la importancia de la Pedagogía en la construcción de ámbitos de educación. El conocimiento de la educación hace posible la construcción de ámbitos de educación con las áreas culturales. El significado de educación es la conjunction significado.
¿Tienen los profesores una relación con su asignatura? Revisión de la literatura sobre la relación asignaturaprofesor
Authors: Depaepe Fien , Noens Philippe , Kelchtermans Geert , Simons Maarten
Published: November 2020

Este artículo se centra en la particular relación que existe entre un profesor y su asignatura, y en él se analiza la forma en la que esta relación se conceptualiza en la investigación educativa. Cuatro campos temáticos se desprenden de este análisis: las creencias de los profesores sobre su asignatura, su conocimiento de la asignatura, los sentimientos hacia su asignatura y su dedicación a la asignatura. En cada campo temático hemos descrito las principales conclusiones sobre la relación entre el profesor y/o su asignatura en la investigación educativa. Basándonos en este análisis, acentuamos la necesidad de la investigación no sólo de la relación cognoscitiva, sino también emocional, entre el profesor y su asignatura.
Orientaciones pedagógicas para el acompañamiento educativo por duelo a personas adultas con discapacidad intelectual
Authors: Rodríguez Herrero Pablo , De La Herrán Gascón Agustín , Izuzquiza Gasset Dolores
Published: November 2020

Se precisa una fundamentación y orientaciones para la actuación en situaciones de duelo con personas adultas con discapacidad intelectual, adecuadas a sus características. En este trabajo se realiza una revisión de literatura pertinente para fundamentar el acompañamiento educativo como una metodología pedagógica de apoyo al duelo cuya urdimbre contiene tres elementos principales: a) La concepción del duelo desde su potencial educativo, b) La prevención de trastornos asociados a duelos complicados y c) La intervención pedagógica preferiblemente desde la tutoría, o desde la actuación de educadores o profesionales cercanos a personas con discapacidad intelectual. El modelo de acompañamiento educativo es una propuesta que puede situarse en los modelos humanistas del duelo, al considerar además de las características del proceso de duelo las posibilidades formativas de su elaboración. En las conclusiones del artículo se describen algunas de las ventajas del acompañamiento educativo en adultos con discapacidad intelectual.
El rendimiento en la enseñanza a distancia
Authors: Sarramona López Jaime
Published: November 2020

The performance use to be a critic theme in distance learning, although there is data enough to judge it objectively. There are performances inhérents to the system, as the habit of autotraining or the discipline to study, with the knowledge and the possibility to incorporate habilities. Only the objectives with social aspects may remaine out of the normal achivements. The discance training, with aplication in the labor world developes an institutional culture of autotraining, which facilitates retraining and permanent education. We can not forget the consequences on the autors -trainers and tutors-, especialy in relation to the organizational habits and the strict planification of the educational process.
Civic Education, Democracy and the English Political Tradition
Authors: Carr Wilfred , Hartnet Anthony
Published: November 2020

En este artículo se aborda el problema de la educación cívica desde el punto de vista del Modelo de Democracia Moral y de Democracia de Mercado, ya que ambos entiende de forma distinta la 'educación del ciudadano'. Se hace un breve recorrido histórico por el sistema educativo del Reino Unido y se analizan las causas de la preeminencia del modelo de mercado en la sociedad británica y sus repercusiones en la escuela. Los autores defienden un concepto de ciudadano más social y menos individualista siguiendo el prototipo de la Antigua Grecia.
Teoría de la Educación y Ciencias de la Educación: carácter y ubicación
Authors: Colom Cañellas Antoni J. , Rodríguez Cruz María del Pino
Published: November 2020

RESUMEN: En este artículo se analiza la estructura interna de las ciencias de la educación en su sentido sincrónico y diacrónico y también sus relaciones externas con las ciencias humanas, siguiendo para ello el modelo que Piaget plantea de las mismas. De ello se desprende una concepción centrada en la subsidiariedad y en la complementariedad, por lo que entre las ciencias de la educación y las ciencias humanas se integra un modelo abierto y circular de mutua influencia. Al mismo tiempo se analiza la posición que ocupa la Teoría de la Educación, concluyendo que su carácter está centrado en la articulación entre la teoría y la práctica, por lo que es definida como una teoría tecnológica.SUMMARY: In this article it analyses the internal structure of education sciences in synchronic and dyacronic sense, as well as the externals relations with humans sciences following a piagetian model. From there it transpires a conception centered in the subsidiaryty and in the complementaryty, for that education sciences and human sciences shelter an openning and circulate model of mutual influence. At the same time it analyses the position that occupies the Theory of Education, concluding that its character is centered in the articulation between the theory and the practice, for that it defineted as a technologycal theory.
Muerte, límite y necesidad frente a la imagen cultural del hombre
Authors: Sanmartín Arce Ricardo
Published: November 2020

RESUMEN: La muerte es el límite radical y natural por excelencia y su conciencia hace replantearse el sentido de la vida. Aunque la gente no suele hablar de la muerte —la tendencia es evitarlo— las representaciones culturales de la vida y la muerte son dos caras de la misma moneda, y en ellas subyace la imagen del hombre encarnada en la acción de cada día. El artículo trata sobre dichas imágenes tal como han sido inferidas a partir de la observación etnográfica en Madrid, tras el 11 de marzo, entre profesionales de la educación y hospitales, así como de las confesiones personales de distintos escritores enfrentados a su propia enfermedad final o ante un gran peligro. La imagen expansiva, creciente y sempiterna de la vida en la cultura actual, contrasta poderosamente con la experiencia de la enfermedad y la muerte, en la cual la limitación y la necesidad despiertan la búsqueda de trascendencia.ABSTRACT: Death is the radical and natural limit par excellence, and being aware of that makes oneself to rethink the sense of the whole life. Althoug people do not usually speak about death —in fact, the tendency is to avoid it— cultural representations of life and death are two faces of the same coin, and the cultural image of man rests in them embodied in daily action. The article deals with such images as they have been infered from ethnographic observation in Madrid, after March 11th, among professionals of education and hospitals, and from personal confessions of various writers faced against their final illness or a great danger. The everlasting, evergrowing and expansive image of life in present culture sharply contrasts with the experience of illness and death, in which limit and necessity arouse the quest for transcendence.SOMMAIRE: La mort est, par excellence, la limite radicale et naturelle et sa conscience fait repenser le sens de la vie entière. Si bien les gens n'ont pas l'habitude de parler sur la mort —plus bien, la tendance est à éviter en parler— les représentations culturelles de la vie et de la mort sont les deux visages de la même monnaie, et elles comprennent l'image de l'homme encarnée dans l'action quotidienne. Le sujet de l'article sont cettes images-ci obtenues en Madrid, sur le terrain, après l'once de mars, parmi les professionnels de l'éducation et des hôpitaux, ainsi qu'à travers les confessions personnelles des auteurs différents confrontés à leur maladie terminale ou à un grand péril. L'image expansive, croissante et sempiternelle de la vie dans la culture actuelle, contraste, très fortement, avec l'expérience de la maladie et de la mort, dans laquelle la limitation et la nécessité réveillent la recherche de la transcendance.
Pensar sobre la educación desde una concepción sistémicocibemética
Authors: Gros Begoña
Published: November 2020

RESUMEN: El objetivo princial de este artículo es mantener que la teoría sistémico-cibernética proporciona un importante bagaje para el estudio de la educación. Durante los años 60 y 70 la contribución de estas teorías desempeñó un importante papel en el desarrollo de una nueva concepción de la Pedagogía basada en la importancia de contemplar la realidad con un todo, como un sistema. Más tarde, autores como Morin, von Foerster, Glasersfeld, Prigogine, Maturana, etc. introducen una nueva aproximación llamada «segunda cibernética» Entendemos que la segunda cibernética introduce tres ideas que son muy importantes para el estudio de los procesos educativos: la idea de subjetividad en el conocimiento científico, una aproximación constructivista y la idea de complejidad.SUMMARY: The main goal of this article is to maintain that the theory of systems and the cybernetics provide an important background to the study of education. During the 60's and 70's the contribution of these theories had an important role in the development of a new conception of pedagogy based on the importance of looking reality as a whole, as a system. Later, authors like Morin, von Foerster, Glasersfeld, Prigogine, Maturana, etc., introduce a new approach called «the second cybernetic». We consider that the second cybernetic introduce three ideas that are very important for the study of any educational process: The idea of subjectivity in the sccientific knowledge, a constructivistic approach and the idea of complexity.
La investigación sobre el género en la escuela: nuevas perspectivas teóricas
Authors: Rodríguez Menéndez Maria del Carmen , Peña Calvo José Vicente
Published: November 2020

RESUMEN: El artículo que se presenta realiza una exposición de la situación actual de la investigación educativa sobre el género. Se comienza con un análisis del modelo teórico que predominó durante las décadas de los años 70 y 80 en los países anglosajones, y que se prolongó en nuestro país hasta finales de los años 90. Posteriormente, con objeto de superar las deficiencias mostradas por el modelo anterior, se explica la aparición y el desarrollo de un marco conceptual que ha amparado la mayor parte de la investigación educativa efectuada en los países de habla inglesa, desde principios de los 90 hasta nuestros días. Para ello, se presentan los supuestos teóricos que subyacen en el mismo y se comentan las diversas investigaciones educativas que se han efectuado.ABSTRACT: This paper develops an account of the current situation in education research about gender. It begins with an analysis of the theoretical approach which predominated over the 70s and 80s in Anglo-Saxon countries, and which extended its domain in Spain even over the 90s. In order to overcome the shortcomings showed by the former approach, a new developed conceptual framework it is explained. The latter has supported most of the education research in English-speaking countries from early 90s until nowadays. In order to achieve this, the underlying theoretical assumptions are explained and several education researches are displayed.SOMMAIRE: L'article qui est présenté effectue un exposé de la situation actuelle de la recherche éducative sur le genre. On commence avec une analyse du modèle théorique qui a prédominé pendant les décennies des années de 70 et 80 dans les pays anglosaxons, et qui a été prolongé dans notre pays jusqu'à la fin des années 90. Postérieurement, dans le but de dépasser les insuffisances montrées par le modèle précédant, on explique l'apparition et le développement d'un cadre conceptuel qui a protégé le plus partie de la recherche éducative effectuée aux pays qui parlent anglais, dès le debut des 90 jusqu'à nos jours. À cet effect, on present les hypothèses théoriques qu'y sont sous-jacentes et on commente les diverses recherches éducatives qu'on a effectué.
Intereducación
Authors: Ayuste González Anna
Published: November 2020

RESUMEN: Este trabajo trata, en su primera parte, de identificar qué clases de diversidad o diferencias humanas se han considerado susceptibles de tratamiento pedagógico. Asimismo, a partir de las discriminaciones que comporta el rechazo a estas diferencias (sexismo, clasismo, racismo, sectarismo, aptitudinalismo y edismo) se indaga sobre cómo se han abordado éstas en el ámbito de la educación formal. En relación a ello, en la segunda parte de este artículo se identifican y caracterizan cuatro modelos educativos. Finalmente, se examinan las razones por las que el modelo intereducativo -que concibe la interacción en contextos en los que predomina la diversidad como un factor positivo en el desarrollo del aprendizaje- se considera superior al resto de modelos que se exponen.ABSTRACT: This work tries, in its first part, to identify which types of human differences and diversity had been historically considered to be susceptible of pedagogical treatment. Furthermore, from the starting point of discriminations caused by the refusal of these differences (sexism, classism, racism, sectarism, skillism and ageism), this paper enquiries about how these differences have been treated in the formal education field. In addition, in the second part of this paper, four educational models are identified and characterized. Finally, the reasons why the intereducational model is considered superior to the rest of the exposed educational models are examined; the intereducational model conceives interaction occurring in contexts where diversity is the main positive factor on learning development.SOMMAIRE: L'objet de ce travail dans sa première partie est d'identifier quels types de diversité ou différences humaines peuvent être susceptibles de traitement pédagogique. De même, on recherche comment ont été abordées ces différences dans le contexte de l'éducation formelle à partir des discriminations que provoque le rejet de ces différences (sexisme, différences de classes sociales, racisme, sectarisme et édilisme). Corrélativement, on identifie et caractérise dans la seconde partie quatre modèles éducatifs. Enfin, on examine les raisons pour lesquelles le modèle inter-éducatif, qui conçoit l'interaction dans les contextes où prédomine la diversité comme facteur positif dans le développement de l'apprentissage, est considéré supérieur aux autres modèles décrits.