bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lactococcus garvieae exerts a critical role in inducing inflammation in dairy mastitis by triggering NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in MAC-T cells
Authors: Wu Fan , Du Tao , Jiang Xiaodan , Liu Shuhong , Cheng Yiru , Zhang Zhe , Miao Wei , Wang Tiancheng
Published: October 2023

Lactococcus garvieae (L. garvieae) is a pathogenic bacterium that is Gram-positive and catalase-negative (GPCN), and it is capable of growing in a wide range of environmental conditions. This bacterium is associated with significant mortality and losses in fisheries, and there are concerns regarding its potential as a zoonotic pathogen, given its presence in cattle and dairy products. While we have identified and characterized virulent strains of L. garvieae through phenotyping and molecular typing studies, their impact on mammary tissue remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the pathogenicity of strong and weak virulent strains of L. garvieae using in vivo mouse models. We aim to establish MAC-T cell model to examine potential injury caused by the strong virulent strain LG41 through the TLR2/NLRP3/NF-kB pathway. Furthermore, we assess the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in dairy mastitis by silencing NLRP3. The outcomes of this study will yield crucial theoretical insights into the potential mechanisms involved in mastitis in cows caused by the L. garvieae-induced inflammatory response in MAC-T cells.
An Improved Resampling Particle Filter Algorithm Based on Digital Twin
Authors: Li Junfeng , Wang Jianyu
Published: October 2023

The problem of weight degradation is inevitable in particle filtering algorithms, and the resampling approach is an important method to reduce the particle degradation phenomenon. To solve the problem of particle diversity loss in existing resampling methods, this paper proposes a new digital twin- based resampling algorithm to improve the accuracy of particle filter estimation based on the traditional resampling algorithm. The digital twin-based resampling algorithm continuously improves the resampling process through the data interaction between the data model and the physical model, and realizes the real-time correction capability of particle weights that traditional resampling methods do not have. The new algorithm calibration rules are divided according to the size of particle weights, with particles of large weights retained and particles of small weights selectively processed. Compared with the traditional resampling algorithm, the new resampling algorithm reduces the mean square error of the particle filter estimation results by 16.62%, 16.49%, and 13.86%, and improves the computing speed by 7.67%, 2.25%, and 7.54%, respectively, in the simulation experiments of nonlinear systems with univariate unsteady state growth model. The algorithm is experimentally demonstrated to accurately track a person in motion in an indoor building in a non-rigid target tracking application, which illustrates the effectiveness and reasonableness of the digital twin-based resampling algorithm.
Evaluation of the mixing index in a micromixer of side feeds in a conical chamber
Authors: Neves Rebeca Ventura , Amaral Joao Victor Melo , Klein Tania Suaiden , Torre Lucimara Gaziola de la , Vianna Savio Souza Venancio
Published: October 2023

Mixing degree in microdevices has been herein investigated by enhancing the angular momentum in a truncated cone-shaped micromixer via side-feedings. However, flows in microchannels are preferentially characterized by molecular transport which streamlines flow in parallel, hindering a fast response for the quality of mixing in a process. Thus, a micromixer with side-feedings coupled to a 2D truncated cone with subsequent wavy microchannel has been evaluated. Therefore, this work assesses the arrangement of feeds in this entrance section, as well as the Reynolds number (Re) and the curvatures of bumps in the wavy microchannel. The symmetrical lateral feeds favored a homogeneous mixing in the flow in the inlet section where the streamlines intersect. At the device outlet, all bump curvatures have contributed to a mixing index higher than 0.90 in a Reynolds number range of 20 to 40. Furthermore, lower Reynolds numbers have also resulted in a mixing index above 0.90, but the flow is slower and predominantly diffusive. Finally, a sharper curvature geometry generates smaller pressure drops with a similar mixing index when compared to other geometries, which indicates that it is the best option for bump curvature.
Optimizing Dental Implant Identification using Deep Learning Leveraging Artificial Data
Authors: Sukegawa Shintaro , Yoshii Kazumasa , Hara Takeshi , Tanaka Futa , Yoshihiro Taki , Inoue Yuta , Yamashita Katsusuke , Nakai Fumi , Nakai Yasuhiro , Miyazaki Ryo , Ishihama Takanori , Miyake Minoru
Published: October 2023

This study aims to evaluate the potential enhancement in implant classification performance achieved by incorporating artificially generated images of commercially available products into a deep learning process of dental implant classification using panoramic X-ray images. To supplement an existing dataset of 7,946 in vivo dental implant images, a three-dimensional scanner was employed to create an implant surface model. Subsequently, it was used to generate two-dimensional X-ray images, which were compiled with original images to create a comprehensive dataset. Image classification of 10 types of implants was performed using ResNet50 under the following dataset conditions: (A) images of implants in vivo, (B) artificial implant images without background adjustments, and (C) implant images with background adjustments, derived from in vivo images. The classification accuracy for the three datasets is as follows: A registered at 0.8888; B, 0.903, and C, 0.9146. Notably, dataset C demonstrated the highest performance and had the most optimal feature distribution. In the context of deep learning classifiers for dental implants using panoramic X-ray images, incorporating artificially generated X-ray images—designed to mirror the appearance of human body implants—proved to be the most beneficial in enhancing the performance of the classification model.
Implementation of the WHO Core Components of an Infection Prevention and Control Programme in two Sub-Saharan African Acute Health-Care Facilities: a Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Wood R , Tembele W , Hema A , Somé A , -Lusamaki E Kinganda , Basilubo C , Lumembe R , Alama N , Mbunsu G , Zongo A , Ahuka S , Muyembe JJ , Leendertz F , Eckmanns T , Schubert G , Kagoné T , Makiala S , Tomczyk S
Published: October 2023

BackgroundThe coronavirus pandemic again highlighted the need for robust health care facility infection prevention and control (IPC) programmes. WHO guidelines on the core components (CCs) of IPC programmes provides guidance for facilities, but their implementation can be difficult to achieve in resource-limited settings. We aimed to gather evidence on an initial WHO IPC implementation experience using a mixed methods approach.MethodsA five-day training on the WHO IPC CCs was conducted at two reference acute health care facilities in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Burkina Faso. This was accompanied by a three-part mixed-methods evaluation consisting of a: 1) baseline and follow-up survey of participants’ knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP), 2) qualitative assessment of plenary discussion transcripts and 3) deployment of the WHO IPC assessment framework (IPCAF) tool. Results were analysed descriptively and with a qualitative inductive thematic approach.ResultsTwenty-two and twenty-four participants were trained at each facility, respectively. Baseline and follow-up KAP results suggested increases in knowledge related to the necessity of a dedicated IPC focal person and annual evaluations of IPC training although lack of recognition on the importance of including hospital leadership in IPC training and hand hygiene monitoring recommendations remained. Most participants reported rarely attending IPC meetings or participating in IPC action planning although attitudes shifted towards stronger agreement with the feeling of IPC responsibility and importance of an IPC team. A reocurring theme in plenary discussions was related to limited resources as a barrier to IPC implementation, namely lack of reliable water access. However, participants recognised the importance of IPC improvement efforts such as practical IPC training methods or the use of data data to improve quality of care. The facilities’ IPCAF scores reflected a ‘basic/intermediate’ IPC implementation level.ConclusionsThe training and mixed-methods evaluation revealed initial IPC implementation experiences that could be used to inform stepwise approaches to facility IPC improvement in resource-limited settings. Implementation strategies should consider both global standards such as the WHO IPC CCs and specific local contexts. The early involvement of all relevant stakeholders and parallel efforts to advocate for sufficient resources and health system infrastructure are critical.
Identification of molecular characteristics associated with disulfidptosis and ferroptosis-related genes in breast cancer, along with immune cell infiltration Analysis and Development of a prognostic risk model
Authors: Pei Xiao-Qing , Wang Wen-Hao , Zhao Zhen-dan , Zhang Hua-wei
Published: October 2023

Background
Breast cancer (BRCA) is a common and highly heterogeneous malignancy with a relative poor prognosis. Disulfidptosis is a newly discovered mode of cell death induced by disulfide stress. Like ferroptosis, disulfidptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death. The goal of this research was to explore new biomarkers associated with disulfidptosis and ferroptosis that can guide the treatment of BRCA.
Methods
We collected expression and clinical information about BRCA patients from public database. We comprehensively characterized the relationship between disulfidptosis and ferroptosis-related genes and the molecular characteristics as well as immune cell infiltration of tumor tissue. Next, a risk model was identified based on COX regression model with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (LASSO) algorithm. Besides, we evaluated the prognostic value and treatment sensitivity of various subtypes.
Results
Specific molecular characteristics and model possessed a promising predictive potential. Immune infiltration and treatment sensitivity analysis all showed differences between groups.
Conclusions
Our molecular subtypes and risk model, with strong immune prediction and prognostic prediction capabilities, are committed to guiding BRCA treatment.
Experimental investigation of cylindrical shock wave interactions}
Authors: Rabinowitz Grace I. , Wilson Finnegan , Bjerke Gabriel , Tucker Kadyn J. , Kustic Russell R. , Nederbragt Joshua G. , Anderson Mitchell P. , Golson Jacob , Morales Rodrigo Chaves , Eliasson Veronica
Published: October 2023

Shock focusing allows for concentration of energy in a specific area, and the creation of localized extreme conditions such as high temperature and pressure. Shock waves can undergo either regular or irregular reflections. The type of reflection generated significantly changes the properties behind the shock front. In order to obtain a high degree of control over the shock front, the parameters of regular and irregular reflections, and their respective transition criterion must be understood. Particularly, the relationship between the shape of the shock and the properties behind the shock front are of interest. In this study, experiments were conducted using an exploding wire setup for producing two synchronized shock waves. Exploding wire setups provide rapid experiment iteration and exceptional cost effectiveness compared to large-scale experiments or computational modeling. The data used for shock-shock interactions was collected via pressure sensors and ultra high-speed schlieren imaging. Experiments exhibited a high degree of repeatability, which allowed for the comparison of the peak pressures of the Mach be compared to that of the incident shock. It was concluded that the Mach stem exhibits peak pressures that are on average 24.92\%$\pm$8.54\% greater than the peak pressures of the incident shock, but decay faster. It was also determined that Mach reflection were only seen in cases where the Mach number exceeds approximately 1.45.
Mutation characteristics of the MYC proximal network and its implications for immunotherapy in human cancer
Authors: Ren Shuwei , Ouyang Yan , Zhang Chi , Xiao Yanhong , Huang Yongsheng
Published: October 2023

Background
The proximal MYC network (PMN), formed by MYC, related transcription factors, and coregulatory proteins, has been implicated in cancer. However, it is lacking systematic assessment of the effect of the mutation of PMN-related genes on immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) response.
Methods
To explore this, a discovery cohort that patients with whole-exome sequencing (WES) and ICI-treated clinical information were integrated. Another independent pan-cancer cohort that patients with next-generation sequencing (NGS) data were collected for further verification. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort was used to analyze mutation frequency and genomic mutation characteristics. The anti-tumor immunity and molecular mechanism analysis was performed using the public available single-cell RNA-seq, tissue RNA-seq, and ChIP-seq data.
Results
Among the 13 PMN-related genes, MGA has the highest mutation frequency (8%). A higher objective response rate (ORR, 56.7% vs 29.3%) and durable clinical benefit (DCB, 67.9% vs 43.6%) were found in MGA-mutated (MGA-MUT) patients. Compared with MGA-wildtype (MGA-WT) patients, MGA-MUT patients obtained a longer overall survival time. Multivariate regression analysis showed that MGA mutation was an independent prognostic factor in ICI-treated patients. Furthermore, MGA-MUT patients have more mutation events in the genome with a higher mutation frequency of several genes (such as TTN, MUC16, and LRP1B, etc). A higher tumor mutation burden (TMB) and neoantigens were detected in MGA-MUT patients. MGA-MUT patients have more abundance in immune cells (including CD8 + T cells and macrophages). Most of the cytotoxic activity, immune checkpoint, and chemokine genes were upregulated in the MGA-MUT tumors. At the single-cell level, MGA was mainly expressed on most immune cells, including CD8 Tex, NK cell, monocyte/macrophage, etc. Mechanistically, several anti-tumor immunity pathways were enhanced in MGA-MUT tumors.
Conclusions
MGA-MUT is favorable to immunotherapy across multiple cancer types, which might be a predictive biomarker for patients’ clinical outcomes.
An Empirical Study of Network Reduction: The Measurement and Comparison
Authors: Yang Chao-Lung , Cheng Ming-Chieh , Lumveerakul Apicha , Hsu Yu-Wei , Lai Po-Sen
Published: October 2023

Large-scale networks face challenges for analysis and visualization in social network analysis due to their enormous size. Network reduction and clustering are essential techniques for large-scale networks. This study proposed an analytic framework that combines degree distribution, clustering coefficient distribution, KS-statistic, and normalized adjusted ratio sampling (NARS) to measure the social network dataset before and after reduction. The proposed NARS ensures that the network can obtain a fair share of nodes based on cluster size. The proposed framework aims to compare and investigate the effectiveness of network reduction and clustering. To evaluate the framework, 20 datasets of undirected networks were tested. Results show that the proposed framework is able to compare the reduced network to the original network. Based on the experimental results, random walk, one of the network reduction methods, and its improved version, induced subgraph random walk methods, perform equivalently although random walk can provide faster computational time.
Gut microbial ecology and exposome of a healthy Pakistani cohort
Authors: Gul Farzana , Herrema Hilde , Davids Mark , Keating Ciara , Nasir Arshan , Ijaz Umer Zeeshan , Javed Sundus
Published: October 2023

Background: Pakistan is a multi-ethnic society where there is a disparity between dietary habits, genetic composition, and environmental exposures. The microbial ecology of healthy Pakistani gut in the context of anthropometric, sociodemographic, and dietary patterns holds interest by virtue of it being one of the most populous countries, and also being a Lower Middle Income Country (LMIC).
Methods:
16S rRNA profiling of healthy gut microbiome of normo-weight healthy Pakistani individuals from different regions of residence is performed with additional meta-data collected through filled questionnaires. The current health status is then linked to dietary patterns through χ2 test of independence and Generalized Linear Latent Variable Model (GLLVM) where distribution of individual microbes is regressed against all recorded sources of variability. To identify the core microbiome signature, a dynamic approach is used that considers into account species occupancy as well as consistency across assumed grouping of samples including organization by gender and province of residence. Fitting neutral modeling then revealed core microbiome that is selected by the environment.
Results:
A strong determinant of disparity is by province of residence. It is also established that the male microbiome is better adapted to the local niche than the female microbiome, and that there is microbial taxonomic and functional diversity in different ethnicities, dietary patterns and lifestyle habits.
Conclusions:
This study provides a snapshot of the healthy core Pakistani gut microbiome by focusing on the most populous provinces and ethnic groups residing in predominantly urban areas. The study serves a reference dataset for exploring variations in disease status and designing personalized dietary and lifestyle interventions to promote gut health, particularly in LMICs settings.
Symbiosis, dysbiosis and the impact of horizontal exchange on bacterial microbiomes in higher fungus-gardening ants
Authors: Bringhurst Blake , Greenwold Matthew , Kellner Katrin , Seal Jon
Published: October 2023

Advances in our understanding of symbiotic stability have demonstrated that microorganisms are key to understanding the homeostasis of obligate symbioses. Fungus-gardening ants are excellent model systems for exploring how microorganisms may be involved in symbiotic homeostasis as the host and symbionts are macroscopic and can be easily experimentally manipulated. Their coevolutionary history has been well-studied; examinations of which have depicted broad clade-to-clade specificity between the ants and fungus. Few studies hitherto have addressed the roles of microbiomes in stabilizing these associations. Here, we quantified changes in microbiome structure as a result of experimentally induced horizontal exchange of symbionts by performing cross-fostering experiments that forced ants to grow novel fungi, comparing combinations known to be temporally unstable (undergoing dysbiosis) and stable. We found that fungus-gardening ants alter their unstable, novel garden microbiomes into configurations like those found in native gardens. Patterns of dysbiosis/symbiosis appear to be predictable in that two related species with similar specificity patterns also show similar patterns of microbial change, whereas a species with more relaxed specificity does not show such microbiome change or restructuring when growing different fungi. It appears that clade-to-clade specificity patterns are the outcomes of community-level interactions that promote stability or cause symbiotic collapse.
A Quantum Online Portfolio Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Lim Debbie , Rebentrost Patrick
Published: October 2023

Portfolio optimization plays a central role in finance to obtain optimal portfolio allocationsthat aim to achieve certain investment goals. Over the years, many works have investigateddifferent variants of portfolio optimization. Portfolio optimization also provides a rich area tostudy the application of quantum computers to obtain advantages over classical computers.In this work, we give a sampling version of an existing classical online portfolio optimizationalgorithm by Helmbold et al., for which we in turn develop a quantum version. The quantumadvantage is achieved by using techniques such as quantum state preparation, inner productestimation and multi-sampling. Our quantum algorithm provides a quadratic speedup inthe time complexity, in terms of n, where n is the number of assets in the portfolio. Thetransaction cost of both of our classical and quantum algorithms is independent of n whichis especially useful for practical applications with a large number of assets.
Engaging Parents for Improved Schooling Outcomes of Under-8 Pupils: A Teachers’ Qualitative Perception
Authors: Hannah Olarogba Abiola , Dele Amosun Moses , Emmanuel Olalowo Iyanuoluwa
Published: October 2023

The study aims to profile teachers’ views on how parents inform humanizing schooling interests and the socio-emotional development of primary school pupils. It is essential for education policymakers and decision-makers to understand how outside factors affect children's education as they grow up. This is because education is a continuous, lifelong process largely predictable by activities from when and where children are born. While it is assumed that developing a child's whole personality is the teacher's job, studies have shown that this goal can be challenging to achieve when other aspects of their education are not up to par. However, studies show that parents have not shown much effort, which informs the study’s focus. Based on the Asuwada theory of sociation, an indigenous theory that stresses the importance of the interactive community cycle and child/individual development, this study aims to understand the development of children in the context of the parents’ engagement pathways. The study, guided by one research question, adopted the qualitative research design. A semi-structured interview was conducted with twelve (12) seasoned primary school teachers with at least 20 years of teaching experience in the Ibadan Metropolis. The interviews were taped, transcribed, and evaluated thematically. Findings revealed teachers’ disposition toward parents’ involvement through crucial thematic areas, including creating collaborative communication paths. Child-centered parental networking should be reiterated among parents, which will make it possible for the children to develop interpersonal competencies, even after school.
Transcriptomic analysis of Anopheles gambiae from Benin reveals overexpression of salivary and cuticular proteins associated with cross-resistance to pyrethroids and organophosphates
Authors: Saizonou Helga , Impoinvil Lucy Mackenzie , Derilus Dieunel , Omoke Diana , Okeyo Stephen , Dada Nsa , Mulder Nicola , Lenhart Audrey , Ochomo Eric , Djogbenou Luc S.
Published: October 2023

Background
Insecticide resistance (IR) is one of the major threats to malaria vector control programs in endemic countries. However, the mechanisms underlying insecticide resistance are poorly understood. Thus, investigating gene expression patterns related to IR can offer important insights into the molecular basis of IR in mosquitoes. In this study, RNA-Seq was used to characterize gene expression in Anopheles gambiae surviving exposure to pyrethroids (deltamethrin, alphacypermethrin) and an organophosphate (pirimiphos-methyl).
Results
Larvae of An. gambiae s.s. collected from Bassila and Djougou in Benin were reared to adulthood and phenotyped for IR using a modified CDC intensity bottle bioassay. The results showed that mosquitoes from Djougou were more resistant to pyrethroids (5X deltamethrin: 51.7% mortality; 2X alphacypermethrin: 47.4%) than Bassila (1X deltamethrin: 70.7%; 1X alphacypermethrin: 77.7%), while the latter were more resistant to pirimiphos-methyl (1.5X: 48.3% in Bassila and 1X: 21.5% in Djougou). RNA-seq was then conducted on resistant mosquitoes, non-exposed mosquitoes from the same locations, and laboratory-susceptible An. gambiae s.s. Kisumu strain. The results showed overexpression of detoxification genes, including cytochrome P450s (CYP12F2, CYP12F3, CYP4H15, CYP4H17, CYP6Z3, CYP9K1, CYP4G16, and CYP4D17), carboxylesterase genes (COEJHE5E, COE22933) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTE2 and GSTMS3) in all three resistant mosquito groups analyzed. Genes encoding cuticular proteins (CPR130, CPR10, CPR15, CPR16, CPR127, CPAP3-C, CPAP3-B, and CPR76) were also overexpressed in all the resistant groups, indicating their potential role in cross resistance in An. gambiae. Salivary gland protein genes related to ‘salivary cysteine-rich peptide’ and ‘salivary secreted mucin 3’ were also over-expressed and shared across all resistant groups.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that in addition to metabolic enzymes, cuticular and salivary gland proteins could play an important role in cross-resistance to multiple classes of insecticides in Benin. These genes warrant further investigation to validate their functional role in An. gambiae resistance to insecticides.
Messenger in der Schule
Authors: Karsch Philip
Published: October 2023

Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem Einsatz von digitalen Messengern in der schulischen Kommunikation. Ausgehend von einem Dissertationsprojekt wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie sich diese neue Form der Kommunikation auf die Möglichkeit der reflexiven Bearbeitung einer Antinomie von Nähe und Distanz auswirkt. Dazu werden diverse Beispiele aus der Interviewauswertung vorgestellt, in denen sich zeigt, dass der Schulraum durch digitale Kommunikation entgrenzt wird. Schulraum wird digital erweitert und findet plötzlich auch in privaten oder ganz anderen, öffentlichen Räumen statt. Für die Diskussion der Interviewauszüge wird sich mit der Bedeutung eines materiellen Raumes für den Menschen, damit verbundener Denkschemata und den Möglichkeiten einer Repräsentation von Kultur beschäftigt. Davon ausgehend wird der materielle Schulraum als Referenzsystem verstanden, welches die Reflexion des eigenen Handelns seitens der Lehrperson unterstützen kann. Innerhalb einer Kommunikation via Messenger werden Themen und Inhalte allerdings in unterschiedlichen Räumen – sowohl in materiellen als auch digitalen – bearbeitet. Dies geschieht oft, ohne dass das materielle Schulgebäude dazu strukturgebend unterstützend sein kann. Lehrpersonen stehen vor der Herausforderung, diesen für sie neuen und ungewohnten digitalen Raum als Referenzsystem greifbar und sprachlich-reflexiv bearbeitbar zu machen. Sie bedürfen neuer Handlungsweisen, um gewünschte Grenzen aufrechterhalten zu können, aber auch um neuen Möglichkeiten professionell begegnen zu können. Daher plädiert der Beitrag auch für eine dezidiertere medienpädagogische Auseinandersetzung mit materiellen und digitalen Raumstrukturen.
Museum und Menschen mit Demenz : zwischen Vermittlung für besondere Zielgruppen und einer neuen Sicht auf kulturelle Teilhabe
Authors:   , Adams Ann-Katrin
Published: October 2023

In der Dissertation werden mit Hilfe der Grounded Theory Methodologie Möglichkeiten und Bedingungen von Museumsangeboten für Menschen mit Demenz erforscht.Die Arbeit versteht sich als erziehungswissenschaftlich-gerontologisch und nimmt dabei die Perspektive einer kritischen Kunst- und Kulturvermittlung ein.
Specified Parameters in Designing Porous Materials Using Magnetic Nanotechnologies
Authors: Riabchykov Mykola , Furs Tetiana , Alexandrov Alexandr , Tsykhanovska Iryna , Hulai Olha , Shemet Vasylyna
Published: October 2023

The research is devoted to solving the problem of regulating the porosity parameters during the manufacturing process under magnetic field conditions. The process of synthesizing magnetic nanocomponents based on a mixture of divalent and trivalent iron oxides was given. The use of nanocomponents allowed for improving the conditions for creating porous materials. A device with adjustable magnetic induction was developed to produce porous materials in a magnetic field. The study of the porous material’s structure with the nanopowder content in the magnetic field conditions showed a clear dependence of the structure on the magnetic parameters. When the content of nanocomponents increased to 0.3 %, and the magnetic field induction increased to 2.5 mT, the dispersion of pore sizes decreased by 8–10 times, the density of pores – increased by 15–20 times, and the average diameter of pores – decreased by 12–15 times. Mathematical dependencies that determine the porosity parameters for different values of the magnetic nanopowder content and the level of magnetic induction in the ring electromagnet were proposed. The obtained dependencies allowed for assigning the level of magnetic technological parameters to ensure the given porosity parameters. The developed methods of magnetic technology for creating porous materials can increase the quality and ensure the required porosity level.
Nivo-BeGEV как подготовка к трансплантации аутологичных гемопоэтических стволовых клеток при рецидивах и рефрактерном течении классической лимфомы Ходжкина: результаты многоцентрового проспективного клинического исследования
Authors: Мангасарова Яна Константиновна , Моисеева Т. Н. , Марголин О. В. , Горенкова Л. Г. , Нестерова Е. С. , Бабаева Ф. Э. , Багова М. О. , Фастова Е. А. , Абдурашидова Р. Р. , Аль-Ради Л. С. , Дорохина Е. И. , Володичева Е. М. , Лапин В. А. , Самойлова О. С. , Кравченко С. К. , Магомедова А. У. , Звонков Е. Е.
Published: October 2023

Aim. To assess efficacy and safety of the Nivo-BeGEV (nivolumab combined with bendamustine, gemcitabine, and vinorelbine) immunochemotherapy in patients with relapsed/refractory (r/r) classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) selected as candidates for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT).

Materials & Methods. During 2018–2022, the study enrolled 51 r/r cHL patients treated with the Nivo-BeGEV immunochemotherapy. The median age was 38 years (range 19–57 years). There were 30 men and 21 women. PET-CT was performed to assess the response according to the LYRIC criteria. Safety and tolerability were analyzed by registering adverse events in line with the NCI CTCAE criteria, version 5.

Results. The median follow-up was 12 months (range 3–54 months). Complete remissions were reported in 100 % of cases. An early relapse was observed in 1 (2 %) patient. The 2-year overall and progression-free survivals were 100 % and 93 %, respectively. During Nivo-BeGEV administration, severe adverse events of grade 3/4 developed in 6 (13 %) out of 51 patients.

Conclusion. The results of this multi-center prospective clinical study of the Nivo-BeGEV immunochemotherapy used as preparation for auto-HSCT in r/r cHL patients showed high efficacy irrespective of prior drug chemotherapy and its duration with an acceptable toxicity profile.
Эффективность трансплантации аутологичных гемопоэтических стволовых клеток у больных множественной миеломой старше 60 лет
Authors: Кострома Иван Иванович , Юдина В. А. , Сабитова Р. Р. , Степченкова Е. С. , Чубукина Ж. В. , Бессмельцев С. С. , Сидоркевич С. В. , Грицаев С. В.
Published: October 2023

Aim. To compare toxicity and efficacy of high-dose melphalan chemotherapy with subsequent autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) in multiple myeloma (MM) patients aged under and over 60 years.

Materials & Methods. The retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 107 MM patients, 78 of them were aged under 60 years (median 54 years), and 29 of them were aged 61 years and older (median 63 years). All patients received auto-HSCT in the period of 2017–2022. Single and tandem auto-HSCT were performed in 92 and 15 patients, respectively. Patients with tandem auto-HSCT (n = 15), lost to follow-up patients (n = 8), and patients who died during early post-transplant period (n = 4) were excluded from survival analysis. Survival rates were calculated based on the date of auto-HSCT.

Results. A comparative evaluation of the results in two age groups showed a significant difference in the number of patients treated with ixazomib during the induction period (р = 0.019) and cyclophosphamide 3 g/m2 as part of auto-HSC mobilization (р = 0.014), as well as 200 or 140 mg/m2 melphalan as part of conditioning regimen (р = 0.039 and р = 0.009, respectively). With a follow-up median of 13 months (range 1–57 months), the median progression-free survival in the groups ≤ 60 years vs. > 60 years was 32 and 47 months, respectively (hazard ratio [HR] 0.688; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.270–1.754; p = 0.704). The median overall survival in patients aged under 60 years appeared to be 57 months, it was not reached in patients aged 61 years and older (HR 0.689; 95% CI 0.169–2.803; р = 0.577).

Conclusion. The results of the study suggest that all newly diagnosed MM patients aged under 70 years should be regarded as being eligible for auto-HSCT.
Множественная миелома, осложненная костными плазмоцитомами: патогенез, клиническая картина, лечебные подходы (обзор литературы)
Authors: Мамаева Елизавета Андреевна , Соловьева М. В. , Менделеева Л. П.
Published: October 2023

Bone plasmacytoma is a malignant neoplasm consisting of plasma cells. It develops in the medullary cavities of the skeletal bones. The tumor can destroy bone cortex and proliferate into the surrounding tissues. In contrast to bone plasmacytomas, extramedullary plasmacytomas occur as a result of hematogenous dissemination in various tissues and organs. Based on literature data, the incidence of bone plasmacytomas at multiple myeloma (MM) onset is 7.0 % to 32.5 %, and at relapsed/progression ММ stages it is 9.0 % to 27.4 %. During bone plasmacytoma development, tumor cells acquire a number of new features: expression of adhesion molecules is decreased, new cytogenetic aberrations occur, autocrine secretion and neoangiogenesis are increased. The clinical course of MM complicated by bone plasmacytomas is characterized by minimal bone marrow damage, hemoglobin concentration within reference range, and decreased values of β2-microglobulin, paraprotein, calcium, and lactate dehydrogenase. Acute renal failure and immunoparesis are rare, early MM stages predominate. In literature, the MM form with multiple bone plasmacytomas is referred to as ‘macrofocal MM’. Survival rates of MM patients with bone plasmacytomas are at the intermediate level in terms of prognosis. The MM patients without plasmacytomas have the most favorable prognosis, whereas the MM patients with extramedullary plasmacytomas have the poorest prognosis. There is no unified approach to the treatment of MM complicated by bone plasmacytomas. There are no randomized prospective clinical studies on the efficacy of treating it. A successful use of proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs was reported based on a small number of MM cases with plasmacytomas. Some studies proved the efficacy of auto-HSCT in this MM form. Bone plasmacytomas are treated with radiotherapy mainly after systemic chemotherapy.
Development of methodology for creating technologies for processing low-grade semi-finished products of fish oils and fatty waste
Authors: Petrov B. F.
Published: October 2023

The development of fish oil production in Russia requires solving a number of environmental issues. It is necessary to develop technologies for processing low-grade semi-finished products of fish oils and fat waste. Currently, this problem remains unresolved. In the course of the study, the physicochemical properties of fat-containing objects (semi-finished product of technical fish oil with acid number of more than 20 units; soap stock after fish oil refining; fatty foam mass after flotation treatment of industrial wastewater from fish oil production) have been determined and rational directions for their use have been established. It is noted that these objects contain lipids with a high degree of hydrolysis and unsaturation. The developed methodology for creating private technologies for processing technical fish oils and fatty wastes into target products for technical purposes makes it possible to obtain an oil-in-water dispersed system and a fatty acid concentrate from the objects of study. The resulting products can be used as a basis for the production of anti-adhesive, surface-active, film-forming and anti-friction technical reagents for various industries (including food industry).
Exact thermodynamics and transport in the classical sine-Gordon model
Authors: Koch Rebekka , Bastianello Alvise
Published: October 2023

We revisit the exact thermodynamic description of the classical sine-Gordon field theory, a well-known integrable model. We found that existing results in the literature based on the soliton-gas picture did not correctly take into account light, but extended, solitons and thus led to incorrect results. This issue is regularized upon requantization: we derive the correct thermodynamics by taking the semiclassical limit of the quantum model. Our results are then extended to transport settings by means of Generalized Hydrodynamics.
Memorandum of the Leader of the “Workers’ Opposition” Gavriil Myasnikov to the Central Committee of the RCP(b): Source Study Potential
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Anfertiev I. A.
Published: October 2023

Using the methods of interpreting historical sources, the article analyzes the memorandum of one of the leaders of the “Workers’ Opposition” G. I. Myasnikov, sent to the Central Committee of the RCP(b) on the eve of the X Party Congress. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that referring to the source analysis of the memorandum allows us to expand the chronological framework of the initial stage of the formation of the workers’ opposition movement within the RCP(b), to attribute its origin to the middle of 1920, about six months before the end of the X Party Congress, at which, As you know, factional activity in the RCP(b) was officially banned. In the memorandum of G. I. Myasnikov, according to the researcher, various aspects of the intra-party struggle for power between a group of emigrants led by V. I. Lenin and those members of the RCP(b) with pre-revolutionary experience who were subjected to repression for revolutionary activities in the Russian Empire are reflected, served their sentences in prisons and hard labor. The study reveals the desire of the opposition leader to enlist support not only within the ruling RCP(b), but also outside it, among the “deprived” of power working class. In the memorandum of G. I. Myasnikov, according to the researcher, various aspects of the intra-party struggle for power between a group of emigrants led by V. I. Lenin and those members of the RCP(b) with pre-revolutionary experience who were subjected to repression for revolutionary activities in the Russian Empire are reflected, served their sentences in prisons and hard labor.
Evolution of property in Cuba in a comparative perspective
Authors:   Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Milano, Benatti Francesca
Published: October 2023

The essay examines the evolution of property in Cuba. It focuses in particular on the reforms that led to the recognition of private property in the 2019 Constitution and the first embryonic openings to the market. The different theories on the emergence of real rights and privatisation are then considered, with a comparison between the rapid and gradual privatisation models. The latter embodied by China and Vietnam, whose experience are analysed, seems to have achieved good results. China since Deng’s reforms has opened up to the market and the slow recognition of real rights was enshrined in the 2007 law. The balance achieved is taken up in the 2021 code. The new phase, announced by Xi Jinping, is inspired by the idea of common prosperity. Vietnam with its Doi Moi policy followed a similar path and the difficult balance between the different visions was enshrined in the Constitution. It should be noted that socialist countries are trying, although not without contradictions, to discover their own model capable of guaranteeing individual protections and freedoms together with the development and improvement of quality of life. In this journey, the fundamental and indispensable establishment of property, contract, and enterprise must be balanced with the principles of equality and social justice that are or should be the foundation of their own experience.
“La Trahison des Images”: Intentional discrepancy between individual will and its declaration
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Zezekalo Alexander Y.
Published: October 2023

The paper is intended to pursue the old issue of the underlying basis of contracts as well as legal transactions on the whole. The main idea is, consequently, to explore, using example of vices of will caused by intentional discrepancy between the internal will and its declaration, which theoretical pattern should be applied to the legislative regulation, which is in force nowadays first of all within the civil law legal space. In particular, with the aim of answering, in a way, the question whether it is really obvious that the dogma of the autonomy of the will here is no longer the basis of the rules of contract. Brief comparative overview demonstrates that despite the significantly different viewpoints of the doctrines as to the basis of legal transaction, and above all, a contract, many legal systems of continental Europe do take a serious account of the subjective element and proceed openly or implicitly from the necessity that the internal will should correspond to its external expression. At the same time, within the contract law, in some cases it is being spoken of consensus and its vices. However, if consensus in such cases means nothing but agreement on the parties’ intentions, we are still dealing with the same subjective approach, based to a large extent upon the central idea of the old will theory and its modifications, attaching at least considerable degree of importance to the individual will.
Classification in the european legal systems of exclusive competence of the Rabbinical court in Jewish divorce
Authors:   Russian Foreign Trade Academy, Tarikanov Dmitry V.
Published: October 2023

In Israel in the family questions is applicable the religious law of each confession. To the Jewish people is applicable the religious Jewish law which dates back to the Pentateuch of Moses. According to that law the divorce is not only the legal, but also the sacral act. The divorce between the Jewish people is realized in Israel in the religious rabbinical court. The divorce in the secular court does not have the legal effect from the point of view of religious Jewish law. If the Jewish spouses wish to get divorced in an european country where the religious courts do not have the public power, so two concepts come into conflict: the concept of the territorial sovereignty of the State authority and the concept if the universal power of religion over its followers regardless of their residence. In private international law this conflict expresses in the conflict of characterization. The requierement of the religious support of divorce is considered as the substance in law of Israel and as the procedure in law of european countries (Russia, Germany, France). This article is dedicated to the conflict of civilization, competence and/or characterization, which consists in the question whether to consider the religious rabbinical court as exclusive competent and to refer the spouses to get divorced in Israel or to consider the secular court in an european country as an equivalent replacement of the religious court. Since the French Court of Cassation rendered its famous decision in the case of Levinçon 1903 where this question was first posed this question has still not found its unambiguous solution.
Evaluation of statistical downscaling model's performance in projecting future climate change scenarios
Authors: Shukla Rituraj , Khare Deepak , Kumar Dwivedi Anuj , Rudra Ramesh Pal , Palmate Santosh S. , Ojha C. S. P. , Singh Vijay P.
Published: October 2023

Statistical downscaling (SD) is preferable to dynamic downscaling to derive local-scale climate change information from large-scale datasets. Many statistical downscaling models are available these days, but comparison of their performance is still inadequately addressed for choosing a reliable SD model. Thus, it is desirable to compare the performance of SD models to ensure their adaptability in future climate studies. In this study, a statistical downscaling model (SDSM) or multi-linear regression and the Least Square Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM) were used to do downscaling and compare the results with those obtained from general circulation model (GCM) for identifying the best SD model for the Indira Sagar Canal Command area located in Madhya Pradesh, India. The GCM, Hadley Centre Coupled Model version 3 (HadCM3), was utilized to extract and downscale precipitation, maximum temperature (Tmax), and minimum temperature (Tmin) for 1961–2001 and then for 2001–2099. Before future projections, both SD models were initially calibrated (1961–1990) and validated (1991–2001) to evaluate their performance for precipitation and temperature variables at all gauge stations, namely Barwani, East Nimar, and West Nimar. Results showed that the precipitation trend was under-predicted owing to large errors in downscaling, while temperature was over-predicted by SD models.
Using gill and liver biomarkers to monitor the health of two neotropical fish species in a lake zone in maranhão state
Authors: Porto Candeira Rildon , Rodrigues Silva Ladilson , Alves Paiva Izabela , Silva Mendes Juliany , Cutrim Bezerra Danilo , Pinto Chaves Bezerra Nancyleni
Published: October 2023

The aim of the current study is to histologically assess two Neotropical fish species (Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus and Cichlasoma bimaculatum) to monitor the health of a lake zone in Maranhão State. Forty-two (42) adult fish specimens - 21 belonged to species H. unitaeniatus and 21 to species C. Bimaculatum - were captured, euthanized and had their second right gill arch and liver fragments removed for histological analysis. Histological changes in specimens’ gill and liver were semi-quantitatively assessed by calculating the histological alterations index (HAI) based on the severity of each lesion established as stages I, II and III. Results recorded for both species were presented together; they evidenced that both assessed organs have shown changes associated with all three severity stages. Gill changes mostly observed through the analysis comprised total (85.71%) and partial (85.71%) fusion of several lamellae, epithelial lifting (80.95%), congested blood vessels (76.19%), disorganized lamellae, (76.19%) and lamellar epithelial hyperplasia (76.19%) - stage I alterations. The most common liver changes comprised vacuolization (90.48%), melanomacrophage centers (78.57%), cellular contour deformation (66.67%) and nucleus at cell periphery (52.38%), stage I alterations and hyperemia (45.24%) and cytoplasmic degeneration (40.48%) - stage II. Unlike the HAI indices recorded for gills, liver HAI values presented better distributed rates among severity classifications; therefore, it has evidenced a more severe condition. Thus, both organs analyzed in the investigated species have shown several histological changes that may have resulted from specimens interactions with stressors capable of affecting their health.