bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Éditorial
Authors: Boulan Muriel , Guillotel­-Nothmann Christophe , Hérold Nathalie
Published: May 2018

À Stockholm, l’enseignement théorique de la musique connaît des restructurations dues à des réformes nationales et au travail des enseignants pour valoriser les disciplines théoriques. Une méconnaissance des pratiques pédagogiques entre les établissements, et au sein même de certains établissements, est cependant manifeste. Aussi cette étude, datant de 2015, vise-t-elle à établir un état des lieux des enseignements de la théorie et de l’analyse musicales dans les cursus pré- et post-baccalauréat des établissements spécialisés de Stockholm. Après une présentation du système éducatif suédois et des établissements sollicités, l’article propose une cartographie des cours dispensés (intitulés, volumes, objectifs), de la littérature (ouvrages, pédagogies) et des méthodes analytiques employées. L’article conclut sur les fonctions principalement attribuées à la musique, la théorie et l’analyse dans les différentes formes d’enseignement.
Configuraciones de control de las redes de poder empresarial en España
Authors: Santos Castroviejo Iago , Cabanelas Omil José , Cabanelas Pablo , Lampón Jesús F.
Published: May 2018

El presente trabajo estudia las estructuras y la distribución del control corporativo en las redes formadas por los accionistas y consejeros de administración (CA) de las 227 mayores empresas españolas en términos de ingresos de explotación (IE) del año 2013. El análisis de los resultados permite identificar tres pautas de control. Primero, una densa red de accionistas y administradores que forman un núcleo centralizado y que ejercen un control directo. Segundo, un conjunto de Instituciones de Inversión Colectiva globales (IIC), mayoritariamente no residentes, que ejercen un estilo de control indirecto mediante la participación en el capital de empresas españolas o a través de filiales de empresas transnacionales, y que intervienen mediante la elaboración y negociación de estrategias desde fuera de los órganos de gestión de las empresas participadas. Tercero, una pauta de control más personal y directo ejercido por blockholders y administradores en empresas aisladas.
Explorando los motivos para pagar servicios sexuales desde las opiniones sobre la prostitución
Authors: Meneses Carmen , Rua Antonio , Uroz Jorge
Published: May 2018

Este estudio explora las opiniones de hombres españoles sobre la prostitución, especialmente de aquellos que han pagado por servicios sexuales. Se ha partido de una muestra aleatoria de 1.048 hombres de 18 a 70 años residentes en España, mediante encuesta telefónica, a través de un cuestionario con 37 preguntas. El 20,3% ha pagado servicios sexuales alguna vez en su vida y el 15% en el último año. Entre los resultados se destaca una tipología de clientes de prostitución en función de sus motivos para comprar servicios sexuales: los Funners (24,1%), que buscarían ocio y diversión; los Thingers, (21,7%) que desean sexo sin implicación ni compromiso; otro 21,7% los Couple Seekers, que buscan pareja; los Riskers, (19,8%) que además de sexo le atrae los comportamientos de riesgo asociados; y los Personalizers (12,6%) serían aquellos que desean sexo con intimidad y compañía. Estos grupos difieren en su satisfacción sexual y en sus creencias u opiniones sobre los motivos que las mujeres tienen para ejercer la prostitución. En función de estos grupos se realizan recomendaciones para la sensibilización y concienciación de los clientes de prostitución en la lucha contra la trata.
Changing the narrative: a social reconstruction of anorexia nervosa
Authors: Ciabattoni Emily
Published: May 2018

The following article works to externalize anorexia nervosa and reconstruct our understanding of what psychiatry classifies as a mental illness towards a visiting presence. I recognize personal experience as a means to knowing. By analyzing particular artifacts created during the prevalence, distance, and coordination of anorexia nervosa (AN) – I deconstruct societal discourses. This perspective calls us to reconsider other cultural concepts such as control, freedom, etc. In the end, I propose that recovery requires the coordination of multiplicities in which AN is kept in conversation and balanced with other discourses – rather than severing AN’s voice completely.
Resident assessment facilitation team: collaborative support for activated learning
Authors: Foster Elissa , Defenbaugh Nicole , Hansen Susan E. , Biery Nyann , Dostal Julie
Published: May 2018

Because healthcare knowledge, practices and systems change so rapidly, physicians-in-training need to develop skills related to lifelong learning. The adult learning paradigm defines the effective professional learner as autonomous and activated. A part of the residency’s p4 (Preparing the Personal Physician for Practice) redesign, the RAFT (Resident Assessment Facilitation Team) process was designed to encourage residents’ adoption of activated learning behaviors by incorporating their participation in team-based educational planning and assessment of competence. This study examined interaction within the RAFT meetings to guage residents’ adoption of activated learning behaviors over time. In this study, transcripts of RAFT meetings from a single cohort of residents during the first and third years of training were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Teams of at least two analysts per transcript engaged in two rounds of descriptive coding and three levels of axial coding to examine interaction during the RAFT meetings and identify how that interaction was related to residents’ activated learning. Four categories of interaction were identified: advising, managing the process of the meeting, expressing and managing emotion, and demonstrating reflective practice and mindfulness. Across those categories, 36 sub-types of messages indicated both similarities and differences between first- and third-year residents. Specifically, third-year residents took a more active leadership role in meetings; faculty team members were more likely to hand over responsibility for problem solving to thirdyear residents. Integrating residents into the RAFT advising and assessment process provides a context for residents to practice and exhibit activated learning behaviors.
Advocating for integrative medicine: providers' stories of resonance, negotiation, and community
Authors: Hook Courtney , Plump Brielle , Geist-Martin Patricia
Published: May 2018

Integrative medicine (IM) is a holistic health care option that blends complementary, alternative medicine with biomedical models of care. Many medical care facilities do not offer IM treatment for patients, yet the demand for IM is growing. Therefore, IM providers are in the position of educating and promoting IM to patients and other medical practitioners. There is limited research literature focusing on how IM providers communicate advocacy for IM. Therefore, this research is designed to explore the perspectives of providers about the ways that they communicate advocacy for IM in their lives and their medical practice. Interview data we collected at The Center reveals the ways that IM providers continuously advocate for IM through their resonance with IM philosophy, by negotiating systemic tensions that revolve around IM, and by forming communities of practice with patients and other providers. Results of this investigation offer insight about IM, communication, and advocacy.
Waiting for the doctor to ask: influencers of lesbian, gay, and bisexual identity disclosure to healthcare providers
Authors: Hudak Nicole C. , Carmack Heather J.
Published: May 2018

Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals encounter multiple barriers in healthcare, resulting in problematic care. Many LGB patients wrestle with whether to disclose their sexuality to healthcare providers. This article explored what influences LGB patients’ decision to disclose their sexuality to healthcare providers. Guided by Communication Privacy Management theory, the authors conducted in-depth interviews with 20 LGB patients. LGB patients heavily relied on boundary management when negotiating the disclosure of their sexuality. The findings suggest several factors influence LGB patients’ disclosure of sexuality: i) experience with family; ii) fear of gossip and connections; iii) concern for provider care refusal; iv) religion; v) age; and vi) level of trust with providers. Boundary turbulence can be created between patient and provider when there is uncertainty about if and when sexuality is considered private information. Additionally, a site of tension for LGB patients was their concern about providers sharing private information outside the clinic setting.
Diophantine approximations for translation surfaces and planar resonant sets
Authors: Marchese Luca , Treviño Rodrigo , Weil Steffen
Published: May 2018

We consider Teichmüller geodesics in strata of translation surfaces. We prove lower and upper bounds for the Hausdorff dimension of the set of parameters generating a geodesic bounded in some compact part of the stratum. Then we compute the dimension of those parameters generating geodesics that make excursions to infinity at a prescribed rate. Finally we compute the dimension of the set of directions in a rational billiard having fast recurrence, which corresponds to a dynamical version of a classical result of Jarník and Besicovich. Our main tool are planar resonant sets arising from a given translation surface, that is the countable set of directions of its saddle connections or of its closed geodesics, filtered according to length. In an abstract setting, and assuming specific metric properties on a general planar resonant set, we prove a dichotomy for the Hausdorff measure of the set of directions which are well approximable by directions in the resonant set, and we give an estimate on the dimension of the set of badly approximable directions. Then we prove that the resonant sets arising from a translation surface satisfy the required metric properties.
Random walks and boundaries of CAT(0) cubical complexes
Authors: Fernós Talia , Lécureux Jean , Mathéus Frédéric
Published: May 2018

We show under weak hypotheses that the pushforward {

Z_no

} of a random-walk to a CAT(0) cube complex converges to a point on the boundary. We introduce the notion of squeezing points, which allows us to consider the convergence in either the Roller boundary or the visual boundary, with the appropriate hypotheses. This study allows us to show that any nonelementary action necessarily contains regular elements, that is, elements that act as rank-1 hyperbolic isometries in each irreducible factor of the essential core.
On the asymptotic Fermat’s last theorem over number fields
Authors: Şengün Mehmet Haluk , Siksek Samir
Published: May 2018

Let

K

be a number field,

S

be the set of primes of

K

above 2 and

T

the subset of primes above 2 having inertial degree 1. Suppose that

T \ne \emptyset

, and moreover, that for every solution

(\lambda,\mu)

to the

S

-unit equation

\lambda+\mu=1, \quad \lambda,~\mu \in \mathcal O_S^\times,

there is some

\mathfrak P \in T

such that max

\{ \nu_\mathfrak P(\lambda),\nu_\mathfrak P(\mu)\} \le 4 \nu_\mathfrak P(2)

. Assuming two deep but standard conjectures from the Langlands programme, we prove the asymptotic Fermat's last theorem over

K

: there is some

B_K

such that for all prime exponents

p > B_K

the only solutions to

x^p+y^p+z^p=0

with

x

,

y

,

z \in K

satisfy

xyz=0

. We deduce that the asymptotic Fermat's last theorem holds for imaginary quadratic fields

\mathbb Q(\sqrt{-d})

with

-d \equiv

2, 3 (mod) 4) squarefree.
Descent and theta functions for metaplectic groups
Authors: Friedberg Solomon , Ginzburg David
Published: May 2018

There are few constructions of square-integrable automorphic functions on metaplectic groups. Such functions may be obtained by the residues of certain Eisenstein series on covers of groups, “theta functions,” but the Fourier coefficients of these residues are not well-understood, even for low degree covers of

GL_2

. Patterson and Chinta–Friedberg–Hoffstein proposed conjectured relations for the Fourier coefficients of the

GL_2

quartic and sextic theta functions (resp.), each obtained from a conjectured equality of non-Eulerian Dirichlet series. In this article we propose a new framework for constructing specific

L^2

metaplectic functions and for understanding these conjectures: descent integrals. We study descent integrals which begin with theta functions on covers of larger rank classical groups and use them to construct certain

L^2

metaplectic functions on covers related to

GL_2

. We then establish information about the Fourier coefficients of these metaplectic automorphic functions, properties which are consistent with the conjectures of Patterson and Chinta–Friedberg–Hoffstein. In particular, we prove that Fourier coefficients of the descent functions are arithmetic for infinitely many primes

p

. We also show that they generate a representation with nonzero projection to the space of theta.We conjecture that the descents may be used to realize the quartic and sextic theta functions. Moreover, this framework suggests that each of the conjectures of Patterson and Chinta–Friedberg–Hoffstein is the first in a series of relations between certain Fourier coefficients of two automorphic forms on different covering groups.
Brokering Community–campus Partnerships: An Analytical Framework
Authors: Levkoe Charles Z , Stack-Cutler Holly
Published: May 2018

Academic institutions and community-based organizations have increasingly recognized the value of working together to meet their different objectives and address common societal needs. In an effort to support the development and maintenance of these partnerships, a diversity of brokering initiatives has emerged. We describe these brokering initiatives broadly as coordinating mechanisms that act as an intermediary with an aim to develop collaborative and sustainable partnerships that provide mutual benefit. A broker can be an individual or an organization that helps connect and support relationships and share knowledge. To date, there has been little scholarly discussion or analysis of the various elements of these initiatives that contribute to successful community–campus partnerships. In an effort to better understand where these features may align and diverge, we reviewed a sample of community–campus brokering initiatives across North America and the United Kingdom to consider their different roles and activities. From this review, we developed a framework to delineate characteristics of different brokering initiatives to better understand their contributions to successful partnerships. The framework is divided into two parts. The first examines the different structural allegiances of the brokering initiatives by identifying their affiliation, principle purpose, and who received primary benefits. The second considers the dimensions of brokering activities in respect to their level of engagement, platforms used, scale of activity, and area of focus. The intention of the community campus engagement brokering framework is to provide an analytical tool for academics and community-based practitioners engaged in teaching and research partnerships. When developing a brokering initiative, these categories describing the different structures and dimensions encourage participants to think through the overall goals and objectives of the partnership and adapt the initiative accordingly.
Isoprene and monoterpene emissions in south-east Australia: comparison of a multi-layer canopy model with MEGAN and with atmospheric observations
Authors: Emmerson Kathryn M. , Cope Martin E. , Galbally Ian E. , Lee Sunhee , Nelson Peter F.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. One of the key challenges in atmospheric chemistry is to reduce the uncertainty of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emission estimates from vegetation to the atmosphere. In Australia, eucalypt trees are a primary source of biogenic emissions, but their contribution to Australian air sheds is poorly quantified. The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) has performed poorly against Australian isoprene and monoterpene observations. Finding reasons for the MEGAN discrepancies and strengthening our understanding of biogenic emissions in this region is our focus. We compare MEGAN to the locally produced Australian Biogenic Canopy and Grass Emissions Model (ABCGEM), to identify the uncertainties associated with the emission estimates and the data requirements necessary to improve isoprene and monoterpene emissions estimates for the application of MEGAN in Australia. Previously unpublished, ABCGEM is applied as an online biogenic emissions inventory to model BVOCs in the air shed overlaying Sydney, Australia. The two models use the same meteorological inputs and chemical mechanism, but independent inputs of leaf area index (LAI), plant functional type (PFT) and emission factors. We find that LAI, a proxy for leaf biomass, has a small role in spatial, temporal and inter-model biogenic emission variability, particularly in urban areas for ABCGEM. After removing LAI as the source of the differences, we found large differences in the emission activity function for monoterpenes. In MEGAN monoterpenes are partially light dependent, reducing their dependence on temperature. In ABCGEM monoterpenes are not light dependent, meaning they continue to be emitted at high rates during hot summer days, and at night. When the light dependence of monoterpenes is switched off in MEGAN, night-time emissions increase by 90–100 % improving the comparison with observations, suggesting the possibility that monoterpenes emitted from Australian vegetation may not be as light dependent as vegetation globally. Targeted measurements of emissions from in situ Australian vegetation, particularly of the light dependence issue are critical to improving MEGAN for one of the world's major biogenic emitting regions.
Measurements of NO and NO2 exchange between the atmosphere
and Quercus agrifolia
Authors: Delaria Erin R. , Vieira Megan , Cremieux Julie , Cohen Ronald C.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. NO2 foliar deposition through the stomata of leaves has been identified as a significant sink of NOx within a forest canopy. In this study, we investigated NO2 and NO exchange between the atmosphere and the leaves of the native California oak tree Quercus agrifolia using a branch enclosure system. NO2 detection was performed with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), which excludes biases from other reactive nitrogen compounds and has a low detection limit of 5–50 ppt. We performed both light and dark experiments with concentrations between 0.5–10 ppb NO2 and NO under constant ambient conditions. Deposition velocities for NO2 during light and dark experiments were 0.123 ± 0.007 cm s−1 and 0.015 ± 0.001 cm s−1, respectively. Much slower deposition was seen for NO, with deposition velocities of 0.012 ± 0.002 cm s−1 and 0.005 ± 0.002 cm s−1 measured during light and dark experiments, respectively. This corresponded to a summed resistance of the stomata and mesophyll of 6.9 ± 0.9 cm s−1 for NO2 and 140 ± 40 cm s−1 for NO. No significant compensation point was detected for NO2 uptake, but compensation points ranging from 0.74–3.8 ppb were observed for NO. NO2 and NO deposition velocities reported here are comparable both with previous leaf-level chamber studies and inferences from canopy-level field measurements. In parallel with these laboratory experiments, we have constructed a detailed 1-D atmospheric model to assess the contribution of leaf-level NOx deposition to the total NOx loss and NOx canopy fluxes. Using the leaf uptake rates measured in the laboratory, these modeling studies suggest loss of NOx to deposition in a California oak woodland competes with the pathways of HNO3 and RONO2 formation, with deposition making up 3–22 % of the total NOx loss. Additionally, foliar uptake of NOx at these rates could account for ~15–30 % canopy reduction of soil NOx emissions.
A deep stratosphere-to-troposphere ozone transport event over
Europe simulated in CAMS global and regional forecast systems:
Analysis and evaluation
Authors: Akritidis Dimitris , Katragkou Eleni , Zanis Prodromos , Pytharoulis Ioannis , Melas Dimitris , Flemming Johannes , Inness Antje , Clark Hannah , Plu Matthieu , Eskes Henk
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Stratosphere-to-troposphere transport (STT) is the dominant natural source of tropospheric ozone, which can occasionally influence ground-level ozone concentrations relevant for air quality. Here, we analyse and evaluate the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) global and regional forecast systems during a deep STT event over Europe for the time period from 04 to 09 January 2017. The predominant synoptic condition is described by a deep upper level trough over eastern and central Europe favouring the formation of tropopause folding events along the jet stream axis and therefore the intrusion of stratospheric ozone into the troposphere. Both global and regional CAMS forecast products reproduce the hook-shaped streamer of ozone-rich and dry air in the middle troposphere depicted from the observed satellite images of water vapor. The CAMS global model successfully reproduces the folding of the tropopause at various European sites, such as Trapani (Italy), where a deep folding down to 550 hPa is seen. The stratospheric ozone intrusions into the troposphere observed by WOUDC ozonesonde and IAGOS aircraft measurements are satisfactorily forecasted up to three days in advance by CAMS global model in terms of both temporal and vertical features of ozone. The fractional gross error (FGE) of CAMS ozone Day-1 forecast between 300 and 500 hPa is 0.13 over Prague, while over Frankfurt is 0.04 and 0.19, highlighting the contribution of data assimilation which in most cases improves the model performance. Finally, the meteorological/chemical forcing of CAMS global forecast system in the CAMS regional forecast systems is found to be beneficial for predicting the enhanced ozone concentrations in the middle troposphere during a deep STT event.
Long-term trends in the PM2.5- and O3-related mortality burdens in the United States under emission reductions from 1990 to 2010
Authors: Zhang Yuqiang , West J. Jason , Mathur Rohit , Xing Jia , Hogrefe Christian , Roselle Shawn J. , Bash Jesse O. , Pleim Jonathan E. , Gan Chuen-Meei , Wong David C.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Concentrations of both fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) in the United States (US) have decreased significantly since 1990, mainly because of air quality regulations. These air pollutants are associated with premature death. Here we quantify the annual mortality burdens from PM2.5 and O3 in the US from 1990 to 2010, estimate trends and inter-annual variability, and evaluate the contributions to those trends from changes in pollutant concentrations, population, and baseline mortality rates. We use a fine-resolution (36 km) self-consistent 21-year simulation of air pollutant concentrations in the US from 1990 to 2010, a health impact function, and annual county-level population and baseline mortality rate estimates. From 1990 to 2010, the modeled population-weighted annual PM2.5 decreased by 39 %, and summertime (April to September) 1hr average daily maximum O3 decreased by 9 % from 1990 to 2010. The PM2.5-related mortality burden from ischemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and stroke, steadily decreased by 53 % from 123,700 deaths yr−1 (95 % confidence interval, 70,800–178,100) in 1990 to 58,600 deaths −1 (24,900–98,500) in 2010. The PM2.5 -related mortality burden would have decreased by only 24 % from 1990 to 2010 if the PM2.5 concentrations had stayed at the 1990 level, due to decreases in baseline mortality rates for major diseases affected by PM2.5. The mortality burden associated with O3 from chronic respiratory disease increased by 13 % from 10,900 deaths −1 (3,700–17,500) in 1990 to 12,300 deaths −1 (4,100–19,800) in 2010, mainly caused by increases in the baseline mortality rates and population, despite decreases in O3 concentration. The O3-related mortality burden would have increased by 55 % from 1990 to 2010 if the O3 concentrations had stayed at the 1990 level. The detrended annual O3 mortality burden has larger inter-annual variability (coefficient of variation of 12 %) than the PM2.5-related burden (4 %), mainly from the inter-annual variation of O3 concentration. We conclude that air quality improvements have significantly decreased the mortality burden, avoiding roughly 35,800 (38 %) PM2.5-related deaths and 4,600 (27 %) O3-related deaths in 2010, compared to the case if air quality had stayed at 1990 levels.
An investigation of the ionospheric F region near the EIA crest in India using OI 777.4 and 630.0 nm nightglow observations
Authors: Parihar Navin , Radicella Sandro Maria , Nava Bruno , Migoya-Orue Yenca Olivia , Tiwari Prabhakar , Singh Rajesh
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Simultaneous observations of OI 777.4 and OI 630.0 nm nightglow emissions were carried at a low-latitude station, Allahabad (25.5° N, 81.9° E; geomag. lat.  ∼  16.30° N), located near the crest of the Appleton anomaly in India during September–December 2009. This report attempts to study the F region of ionosphere using airglow-derived parameters. Using an empirical approach put forward by Makela et al. (2001), firstly, we propose a novel technique to calibrate OI 777.4 and 630.0 nm emission intensities using Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate/Formosa Satellite Mission 3 (COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3) electron density profiles. Next, the electron density maximum (Nm) and its height (hmF2) of the F layer have been derived from the information of two calibrated intensities. Nocturnal variation of Nm showed the signatures of the retreat of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) and the midnight temperature maximum (MTM) phenomenon that are usually observed in the equatorial and low-latitude ionosphere. Signatures of gravity waves with time periods in the range of 0.7–3.0 h were also seen in Nm and hmF2 variations. Sample Nm and hmF2 maps have also been generated to show the usefulness of this technique in studying ionospheric processes.
The importance of snow albedo for ice sheet evolution over the last glacial cycle
Authors: Willeit Matteo , Ganopolski Andrey
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The surface energy and mass balance of ice sheets strongly depends on the
amount of solar radiation absorbed at the surface, which is mainly controlled
by the albedo of snow and ice. Here, using an Earth system model of
intermediate complexity, we explore the role played by surface albedo for the
simulation of glacial cycles. We show that the evolution of the Northern
Hemisphere ice sheets over the last glacial cycle is very sensitive to the
representation of snow albedo in the model. It is well known that the albedo
of snow depends strongly on snow grain size and the content of
light-absorbing impurities. Excluding either the snow aging effect or the
dust darkening effect on snow albedo leads to an excessive ice build-up
during glacial times and consequently to a failure in simulating
deglaciation. While the effect of snow grain growth on snow albedo is well
constrained, the albedo reduction due to the presence of dust in snow is much
more uncertain because the light-absorbing properties of dust vary widely as
a function of dust mineral composition. We also show that assuming slightly
different optical properties of dust leads to very different ice sheet and
climate evolutions in the model. Conversely, ice sheet evolution is less
sensitive to the choice of ice albedo in the model. We conclude that a proper
representation of snow albedo is a fundamental prerequisite for a successful
simulation of glacial cycles.
The effect of initial water distribution and spatial resolution on the
interpretation of ERT monitoring of water infiltration in a landfill cover
Authors: Dumont Gaël , Pilawski Tamara , Hermans Thomas , Nguyen Frédéric , Garré Sarah
Published: May 2018

Abstract. In a landfill, the biodegradation of the organic fraction of the waste is driven by its moisture. Once the waste dump is covered, the infiltration through the cover layer is a source of additional water. In this study, the changes in water content in a landfill cover layer were investigated with long time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) profiles. Measurements carried out during a rainfall event allowed the detection of zones with large infiltration events. We addressed all interpretation limits inherent to such a large scale, low resolution investigation with the use of synthetic modelling. Firstly, the smoothed resistivity changes distribution failed to detect small infiltration areas and induced a misestimation of the infiltration depth and volume in large infiltration zones. Secondly, when the background water content is not homogeneous, relative changes, as commonly used in literature, reflect both the background moisture distribution and the monitored changes. Thirdly, the temperature and pore fluid conductivity distribution are needed to compute the absolute water content changes. The latter better reflects the infiltration pattern. Lastly, rain water infiltration results in pore water dilution. When the dilution effect is not considered, the infiltrated volume is underestimated. This approach enabled us to detect a large infiltration zone that could be responsible for an important part of the annual water infiltration.
ANALYSIS OF LOW-LIGHT AND NIGHT-TIME STEREO-PAIR IMAGES FOR PHOTOGRAMMETRIC RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: Santise M. , Thoeni K. , Roncella R. , Diotri F. , Giacomini A.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Rockfalls and rockslides represent a significant risk to human lives and infrastructures because of the high levels of energy involved in the phenomena. Generally, these events occur in accordance to specific environmental conditions, such as temperature variations between day and night, that can contribute to the triggering of structural instabilities in the rock-wall and the detachment of blocks and debris. The monitoring and the geostructural characterization of the wall are required for reducing the potential hazard and to improve the management of the risk at the bottom of the slopes affected by such phenomena. In this context, close range photogrammetry is largely used for the monitoring of high-mountain terrains and rock walls in mine sites allowing for periodic survey of rockfalls and wall movements. This work focuses on the analysis of low-light and night-time images of a fixed-base stereo pair photogrammetry system. The aim is to study the reliability of the images acquired over the night to produce digital surface models (DSMs) for change detection. The images are captured by a high-sensitivity DLSR camera using various settings accounting for different values of ISO, aperture and time of exposure. For each acquisition, the DSM is compared to a photogrammetric reference model produced by images captured in optimal illumination conditions. Results show that, with high level of ISO and maintaining the same grade of aperture, extending the exposure time improves the quality of the point clouds in terms of completeness and accuracy of the photogrammetric models.
GEOMATIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION AND A HYBRID VIEWER FOR THE ARCHAELOGICAL SITE OF CÁPARRA (SPAIN)
Authors: Tejeda-Sánchez C. , Muñoz-Nieto A. , Rodríguez-Gonzálvez P.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Visualization and analysis use to be the final steps in Geomatics. This paper shows the workflow followed to set up a hybrid 3D archaeological viewer. Data acquisition of the site survey was done by means of low-cost close-range photogrammetric methods. With the aim not only to satisfy the general public but also the technicians, a large group of Geomatic products has been obtained (2d plans, 3d models, orthophotos, CAD models coming from vectorization, virtual anastylosis, and cross sections). Finally, all these products have been integrated into a three-dimensional archaeological information system. The hybrid archaeological viewer designed allows a metric and quality approach to the scientific analysis of the ruins, improving, thanks to the implementation of a database, and its potential for queries, the benefits of an ordinary topographic survey.
PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF A COMMERCIAL 360 MULTI-CAMERA RIG FOR PHOTOGRAMMETRIC PURPOSES
Authors: Teppati Losè L. , Chiabrando F. , Spanò A.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The research presented in this paper is focused on a preliminary evaluation of a 360 multi-camera rig: the possibilities to use the images acquired by the system in a photogrammetric workflow and for the creation of spherical images are investigated and different tests and analyses are reported. Particular attention is dedicated to different operative approaches for the estimation of the interior orientation parameters of the cameras, both from an operative and theoretical point of view. The consistency of the six cameras that compose the 360 system was in depth analysed adopting a self-calibration approach in a commercial photogrammetric software solution. A 3D calibration field was projected and created, and several topographic measurements were performed in order to have a set of control points to enhance and control the photogrammetric process. The influence of the interior parameters of the six cameras were analyse both in the different phases of the photogrammetric workflow (reprojection errors on the single tie point, dense cloud generation, geometrical description of the surveyed object, etc.), both in the stitching of the different images into a single spherical panorama (some consideration on the influence of the camera parameters on the overall quality of the spherical image are reported also in these section).
INDIVIDUAL ROCKS SEGMENTATION IN TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING POINT CLOUD USING ITERATIVE DBSCAN ALGORITHM
Authors: Walicka A. , Jóźków G. , Borkowski A.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The fluvial transport is an important aspect of hydrological and geomorphologic studies. The knowledge about the movement parameters of different-size fractions is essential in many applications, such as the exploration of the watercourse changes, the calculation of the river bed parameters or the investigation of the frequency and the nature of the weather events. Traditional techniques used for the fluvial transport investigations do not provide any information about the long-term horizontal movement of the rocks. This information can be gained by means of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). However, this is a complex issue consisting of several stages of data processing. In this study the methodology for individual rocks segmentation from TLS point cloud has been proposed, which is the first step for the semi-automatic algorithm for movement detection of individual rocks. The proposed algorithm is executed in two steps. Firstly, the point cloud is classified as rocks or background using only geometrical information. Secondly, the DBSCAN algorithm is executed iteratively on points classified as rocks until only one stone is detected in each segment. The number of rocks in each segment is determined using principal component analysis (PCA) and simple derivative method for peak detection. As a result, several segments that correspond to individual rocks are formed. Numerical tests were executed on two test samples. The results of the semi-automatic segmentation were compared to results acquired by manual segmentation. The proposed methodology enabled to successfully segment 76 % and 72 % of rocks in the test sample 1 and test sample 2, respectively.
ROOFN3D: DEEP LEARNING TRAINING DATA FOR 3D BUILDING RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: Wichmann A. , Agoub A. , Kada M.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Machine learning methods have gained in importance through the latest development of artificial intelligence and computer hardware. Particularly approaches based on deep learning have shown that they are able to provide state-of-the-art results for various tasks. However, the direct application of deep learning methods to improve the results of 3D building reconstruction is often not possible due, for example, to the lack of suitable training data. To address this issue, we present RoofN3D which provides a new 3D point cloud training dataset that can be used to train machine learning models for different tasks in the context of 3D building reconstruction. It can be used, among others, to train semantic segmentation networks or to learn the structure of buildings and the geometric model construction. Further details about RoofN3D and the developed data preparation framework, which enables the automatic derivation of training data, are described in this paper. Furthermore, we provide an overview of other available 3D point cloud training data and approaches from current literature in which solutions for the application of deep learning to unstructured and not gridded 3D point cloud data are presented.
MESH-TO-BIM: FROM SEGMENTED MESH ELEMENTS TO BIM MODEL WITH LIMITED PARAMETERS
Authors: Yang X. , Koehl M. , Grussenmeyer P.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Building Information Modelling (BIM) technique has been widely utilized in heritage documentation and comes to a general term Historical/Heritage BIM (HBIM). The current HBIM project mostly employs the scan-to-BIM process to manually create the geometric model from the point cloud. This paper explains how it is possible to shape from the mesh geometry with reduced human involvement during the modelling process. Aiming at unbuilt heritage, two case studies are handled in this study, including a ruined Roman stone architectural and a severely damaged abbey. The pipeline consists of solid element modelling based on documentation data using Autodesk Revit, a common BIM platform, and the successive modelling from these geometric primitives using Autodesk Dynamo, a visual programming built-in plugin tool in Revit. The BIM-based reconstruction enriches the classic visual model from computer graphics approaches with measurement, semantic and additional information. Dynamo is used to develop a semi-automated function to reduce the manual process, which builds the final BIM model from segmented parametric elements directly. The level of detail (LoD) of the final models is dramatically relevant with the manual involvement in the element creation. The proposed outline also presents two potential issues in the ongoing work: combining the ontology semantics with the parametric BIM model, and introducing the proposed pipeline into the as-built HBIM process.
A RESTORATION ORIENTED HBIM SYSTEM FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE DOCUMENTATION: THE CASE STUDY OF PARMA CATHEDRAL
Authors: Bruno N. , Roncella R.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The need to safeguard and preserve Cultural Heritage (CH) is increasing and especially in Italy, where the amount of historical buildings is considerable, having efficient and standardized processes of CH management and conservation becomes strategic. At the time being, there are no tools capable of fulfilling all the specific functions required by Cultural Heritage documentation and, due to the complexity of historical assets, there are no solution as flexible and customizable as CH specific needs require. Nevertheless, BIM methodology can represent the most effective solution, on condition that proper methodologies, tools and functions are made available. The paper describes an ongoing research on the implementation of a Historical BIM system for the Parma cathedral, aimed at the maintenance, conservation and restoration. Its main goal was to give a concrete answer to the lack of specific tools required by Cultural Heritage documentation: organized and coordinated storage and management of historical data, easy analysis and query, time management, 3D modelling of irregular shapes, flexibility, user-friendliness, etc. The paper will describe the project and the implemented methodology, focusing mainly on survey and modelling phases. In describing the methodology, critical issues about the creation of a HBIM will be highlighted, trying to outline a workflow applicable also in other similar contexts.
CLOSE-RANGE MINI-UAVS PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR ARCHITECTURE SURVEY
Authors: Carnevali L. , Ippoliti E. , Lanfranchi F. , Menconero S. , Russo M. , Russo V.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The survey of historical façades contains several bottlenecks, mainly related to the geometrical structure, the decorative framework, the presence of natural or artificial obstacles, the environment limitations. Urban context presents additional restrictions, binding by ground acquisition activity and leading to building data loss. The integration of TLS and close-range photogrammetry allows to go over such stuff, not overcoming the shadows effect due to the ground point of view. In the last year the massive use of UAVs in survey activity has permitted to enlarge survey capabilities, reaching a deeper knowledge in the architecture analysis. In the meanwhile, several behaviour rules have been introduced in different countries, regulating the UAVs use in different field, strongly restricting their application in urban areas. Recently very small and light platforms have been presented, which can partially overcome these rules restrictions, opening to very interesting future scenarios. This article presents the application of one of these very small RPAS (less than 300 g), equipped with a low-cost camera, in a close range photogrammetric survey of an historical building façade in Bologna (Italy). The suggested analysis tries to point out the system accuracy and details acquisition capacity. The final aim of the paper is to validate the application of this new platform in an architectonic survey pipeline, widening the future application of close-range photogrammetry in the architecture acquisition process.
“TORINO 1911” PROJECT: A CONTRIBUTION OF A SLAM-BASED SURVEY TO EXTENSIVE 3D HERITAGE MODELING
Authors: Chiabrando F. , Della Coletta C. , Sammartano G. , Spanò A. , Spreafico A.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. In the framework of the digital documentation of complex environments the advanced Geomatics researches offers integrated solution and multi-sensor strategies for the 3D accurate reconstruction of stratified structures and articulated volumes in the heritage domain. The use of handheld devices for rapid mapping, both image- and range-based, can help the production of suitable easy-to use and easy-navigable 3D model for documentation projects. These types of reality-based modelling could support, with their tailored integrated geometric and radiometric aspects, valorisation and communication projects including virtual reconstructions, interactive navigation settings, immersive reality for dissemination purposes and evoking past places and atmospheres. The aim of this research is localized within the “Torino 1911” project, led by the University of San Diego (California) in cooperation with the PoliTo. The entire project is conceived for multi-scale reconstruction of the real and no longer existing structures in the whole park space of more than 400,000 m2, for a virtual and immersive visualization of the Turin 1911 International “Fabulous Exposition” event, settled in the Valentino Park. Particularly, in the presented research, a 3D metric documentation workflow is proposed and validated in order to integrate the potentialities of LiDAR mapping by handheld SLAM-based device, the ZEB REVO Real Time instrument by GeoSLAM (2017 release), instead of TLS consolidated systems. Starting from these kind of models, the crucial aspects of the trajectories performances in the 3D reconstruction and the radiometric content from imaging approaches are considered, specifically by means of compared use of common DSLR cameras and portable sensors.
PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR ARCHAEOLOGY: COLLECTING PIECES TOGETHER
Authors: Chibunichev A. G. , Knyaz V. A. , Zhuravlev D. V. , Kurkov V. M.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The complexity of retrieving and understanding the archaeological data requires to apply different techniques, tools and sensors for information gathering, processing and documenting. Archaeological research now has the interdisciplinary nature involving technologies based on different physical principles for retrieving information about archaeological findings. The important part of archaeological data is visual and spatial information which allows reconstructing the appearance of the findings and relation between them. Photogrammetry has a great potential for accurate acquiring of spatial and visual data of different scale and resolution allowing to create archaeological documents of new type and quality. The aim of the presented study is to develop an approach for creating new forms of archaeological documents, a pipeline for their producing and collecting in one holistic model, describing an archaeological site. A set of techniques is developed for acquiring and integration of spatial and visual data of different level of details. The application of the developed techniques is demonstrated for documenting of Bosporus archaeological expedition of Russian State Historical Museum.
INTERACTIVE IMMERSIVE VIRTUALMUSEUM: DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION FOR VIRTUAL INTERACTION
Authors: Clini P. , Ruggeri L. , Angeloni R. , Sasso M.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Thanks to their playful and educational approach Virtual Museum systems are very effective for the communication of Cultural Heritage. Among the latest technologies Immersive Virtual Reality is probably the most appealing and potentially effective to serve this purpose; nevertheless, due to a poor user-system interaction, caused by an incomplete maturity of a specific technology for museum applications, it is still quite uncommon to find immersive installations in museums. This paper explore the possibilities offered by this technology and presents a workflow that, starting from digital documentation, makes possible an interaction with archaeological finds or any other cultural heritage inside different kinds of immersive virtual reality spaces. Two different cases studies are presented: the National Archaeological Museum of Marche in Ancona and the 3D reconstruction of the Roman Forum of Fanum Fortunae. Two different approaches not only conceptually but also in contents; while the Archaeological Museum is represented in the application simply using spherical panoramas to give the perception of the third dimension, the Roman Forum is a 3D model that allows visitors to move in the virtual space as in the real one. In both cases, the acquisition phase of the artefacts is central; artefacts are digitized with the photogrammetric technique Structure for Motion then they are integrated inside the immersive virtual space using a PC with a HTC Vive system that allows the user to interact with the 3D models turning the manipulation of objects into a fun and exciting experience. The challenge, taking advantage of the latest opportunities made available by photogrammetry and ICT, is to enrich visitors’ experience in Real Museum making possible the interaction with perishable, damaged or lost objects and the public access to inaccessible or no longer existing places promoting in this way the preservation of fragile sites.