bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generalizing Resistance: The Coalition Politics of Foucault's Governmentality Lectures
Authors: Ilott Luke
Published: October 2022

This article interprets Michel Foucault as a thinker of political coalition. While Foucault is often associated with a localist “micro-politics,” he also sought to help dispersed struggles “generalize” themselves into bigger, cohesive movements. Foucault gave his fullest account of the politics of generalization in manuscripts and drafts associated with two courses at the Collège de France, entitled Security, Territory, Population (1978) and The Birth of Biopolitics (1979), which are well known to political theorists for their discussions of “governmentality.” Intellectual historians have recently generated controversy by proposing that Foucault used his governmentality lectures to flirt with neoliberal positions. By reconstructing Foucault's coalitional project in the late 1970s, this article offers an alternative contextualist account of his purposes, while encouraging political theorists to reappraise the lectures as the basis for a Foucauldian theory of large-scale alliance politics.
Household transmission of the Delta COVID-19 variant in Queensland, Australia: a case series
Authors: Wright Eryn , Pollard Gayle , Robertson Hannah , Anuradha Satyamurthy
Published: October 2022

Household transmission plays a key role in the spread of COVID-19 through populations. In this paper, we report on the transmission of COVID-19 within households in a metropolitan area in Australia, examine the impact of various factors and highlight priority areas for future public health responses. We collected and reviewed retrospective case report data and follow-up interview responses from households with a positive case of the Delta COVID-19 variant in Queensland in 2021. The overall secondary attack rate (SAR) among household contacts was 29.6% and the mean incubation period for secondary cases was 4.3 days. SAR was higher where the index case was male (57.9% vs. 14.3%) or aged ≤12 years (38.7% vs. 17.4%) but similar for adult contacts that were double vaccinated (35.7%) and unvaccinated (33.3%). Most interview participants emphasised the importance of clear, consistent and compassionate health advice as a key priority for managing outbreaks in the home. The overall rate of household transmission was slightly higher than that reported in previous studies on the wild COVID-19 variant and secondary infections developed more rapidly. While vaccination did not appear to affect the risk of transmission to adult subjects, uptake in the sample was ultimately high.
Sparse recovery properties of discrete random matrices
Authors: Ferber Asaf , Sah Ashwin , Sawhney Mehtaab , Zhu Yizhe
Published: October 2022

Motivated by problems from compressed sensing, we determine the threshold behaviour of a random
$n\times d \pm 1$
matrix
$M_{n,d}$
with respect to the property ‘every
$s$
columns are linearly independent’. In particular, we show that for every
$0\lt \delta \lt 1$
and
$s=(1-\delta )n$
, if
$d\leq n^{1+1/2(1-\delta )-o(1)}$
then with high probability every
$s$
columns of
$M_{n,d}$
are linearly independent, and if
$d\geq n^{1+1/2(1-\delta )+o(1)}$
then with high probability there are some
$s$
linearly dependent columns.
Early postnatal metabolic profile in neonates with critical CHDs
Authors: Guvenc Osman , Beken Serdar , Abali Saygin , Saral Neslihan Yildirim , Yalcin Gizem , Albayrak Eda , Bulum Burcu , Demirelce Ozlem , Basgoze Serdar , Odemis Ender , Erek Ersin , Serteser Mustafa , Toygar Ayse Korkmaz
Published: October 2022

Background:

Cyanotic CHD is a life-threatening condition that presents with low oxygen saturation in the newborn period. Hypoxemia might cause alterations in the metabolic pathways. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the early postnatal amino acid and carnitine/acylcarnitine profiles of newborn infants with cyanotic CHD.

Methods:

A single centre case-control study was conducted. Twenty-seven patients with cyanotic CHD and 54 healthy newborn controls were enrolled. As part of the neonatal screening programme, results of amino acid and carnitine/acylcarnitine were recorded and compared between groups.

Results:

Twenty-seven neonates with cyanotic CHD and 54 healthy newborns as controls were enrolled in the study. Cyanotic CHD neonates had higher levels of alanine, phenylalanine, leucine/isoleucine, citrulline, ornithine, C5, C5-OH; but lower levels of C3, C10, C12, C14, C14:1, C16, C16.1, C18, C5-DC, C6-DC, C16-OH, C16:1-OH when compared with the healthy controls.

Conclusion:

This study showed that there are differences between patients with cyanotic CHD and healthy controls in terms of postnatal amino acid and carnitine/acylcarnitine profiles.
A Successful Case of Cardiac Arrest due to Acute Myocarditis with COVID-19: 120 Minutes on Manual Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation then Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Hoang Bui Hai , Tran Huyen Trang , Nguyen Tat Thanh , Nguyen Minh Nguyen , Nguyen Anh Dung , Do Giang Phuc , Vu Ngoc Tu , Nguyen Mai , Nguyen Lan Hieu , Nakahara Shinji
Published: October 2022

Acute myocarditis is one of the common complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with a relatively high case fatality. Here reported is a fulminant case of a 42-year-old previously healthy woman with cardiogenic shock and refractory cardiac arrest due to COVID-19-induced myocarditis who received veno-arterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) after 120 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This is the first adult case of cardiac arrest due to COVID-19-induced myocarditis supported by ECMO that fully recovered with normal neurological functions. The success of the treatment course with full recovery emphasized the potential role of ECMO in treating these patients.
Mechanical atherothrombectomy improves endothelial function through	plaque burden reduction in PAD
Authors: Rammos Christos , Manzke Anna , Lortz Julia , Messiha Daniel , Petrikhovich Olga , Jánosi Rolf Alexander , Steinmetz Martin , Rassaf Tienush
Published: October 2022

Summary: Background: Endothelial dysfunction defines outcomes and serves as a surrogate parameter for the progression of cardiovascular disease. For symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD) endovascular treatment is the primary revascularization strategy, which affects endothelial function. Interventional mechanical atherothrombectomy (MATH) provides advantages when treating complex atherosclerotic and thrombotic lesions. We now aimed to determine the impact and mechanisms of MATH on endothelial function. Patients and methods: Endothelial function was determined using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) before and after lower limb intervention with a six-month follow-up in the target and control vessel in 15 PAD MATH+DCB treated patients and compared to 15 non-Math controls. In a further cohort of 20 patients the impact of MATH and DCB on vascular structure and virtual histology was assessed through intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and compared to DCB treatment alone. Results: Improved endothelial function after 6 months was observed in both groups for the target and nontarget vessel. When comparing the changes from baseline endothelial function, treatment with MATH+DCB was superior to DCB treatment in the target vessel. IVUS revealed a greater improvement in luminal area and plaque burden reduction after MATH treatment. Virtual histology disclosed MATH-associated changes in plaque composition evidenced by alterations in fibrous volume and reductions in superficial calcium. Conclusions: We demonstrate an improved endothelial function after MATH treatment as compared to DCB treatment. The improved vessel function is evidenced by MATH-related plaque burden reduction, improved luminal gain and a decrease in superficial calcification. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04092972.
Me, Me, Me
Authors: Schyns Birgit , Lagowska Urszula , Braun Susanne
Published: October 2022

Abstract. This study tests the relationships between grandiose narcissism and affective, calculative, social-normative motivation to lead (MTL), avoidance to lead, and between vulnerable narcissism and affective MTL and avoidance to lead. Further, we assess the moderating effect of narcissistic organizational identification (NOI). As expected, grandiose narcissism correlated positively with three dimensions of MTL, though the relationship with social-normative MTL disappeared when controlling for NOI and the interaction. Vulnerable narcissism was positively related to avoidance to lead, but not too affective MTL. Subsequent regression analysis revealed that vulnerable narcissism related negatively to affective MTL for individuals with low or moderate (but not high) NOI. Our study contributes to the integration of narcissism and leadership research by examining a differentiated conceptualization of narcissism, explaining why some individuals may actively approach while others actively avoid leadership, and one of the boundary conditions which may facilitate narcissists’ MTL.
What Influences a Career: A Personal Reflection
Authors: Fairfield Donald H.
Published: October 2022

A scientific career is shaped by factors such as an individual's personality, background, and even uncontrollable exterior factors. Understanding oneself is crucial to one's development as is also the element of luck and being in the right place at the right time. The authors career spanning the development of magnetospheric physics illustrates these points and is described here.
Collision‐Induced Subduction Polarity Reversal Explains the Crustal Structure of Northern Borneo: New Results From Virtual Deep Seismic Sounding (VDSS)
Authors: Linang H. T. , Pilia S. , Rawlinson N. , Bacon C. A. , Gilligan A. , Cornwell D. G. , Tongkul F.
Published: October 2022

Subduction polarity reversal (SPR) is a key subduction initiation mechanism often associated with arc‐continent collision zones. Northern Borneo has long been recognized as a location where sequential but opposing subduction zones were present in the Miocene, but has not been examined in the context of SPR. Here, we exploit teleseismic data from northern Borneo to investigate crustal thickness variations using Virtual Deep Seismic Sounding (VDSS). Our results reveal a thick crustal root beneath the Crocker Range and an area of relatively thin crust in the southeast, which appears to extend northeast into the Sulu Sea, where back‐arc rifting behind the younger subduction zone developed. Overall, our findings are consistent with predictions from numerical models of SPR involving arc‐continent collision, but with several important differences—including a substantial mountain range and more limited back‐arc rifting that can be attributed to northern Borneo being an example of SPR involving continent‐continent collision.
Lengthening Dry Spells Intensify Summer Heatwaves
Authors: He Bin , Zhong Ziqian , Chen Deliang , Liu Junguo , Chen Yaning , Miao Chiyuan , Ding Ruiqiang , Yuan Wenping , Guo Lanlan , Huang Ling , Hao Xingming , Chen Aifang
Published: October 2022

A lengthening of dry spells (DSLs) has been reported by some regional studies, but its linkage with heatwaves via the feedback between soil moisture and air temperature is still not clear on the global and continental scales. Here we examine increases in the length of DSLs during summer over the global continents using in situ precipitation records. Globally, the average DSL has increased by 0.46 day/decade since the 1970s along with increased high‐pressure anomalies which are found to be an important reason for the intensification of heatwaves as suggested by the robust and widespread relationships between the DSL and heatwave duration and severity in the northern extratropics. The average DSL associated with a heatwave declined over lands, implying a strengthening coupling between precipitation anomalies and heatwaves. The findings of this study suggest that the precipitation variations associated with changes in DSLs should be considered in attributions of temperature extremes.
Increase in Intraseasonal Rainfall Driven by the Arabian Sea Warming in Recent Decades
Authors: Li Baosheng , Zhou Lei , Qin Jianhuang , Murtugudde Raghu
Published: October 2022

Intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) is the dominant variability during the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). In this study, it is found that ISOs accompanying intraseasonal rainfall are substantially enhanced over the northeastern Arabian Sea (AS) in the past three decades. The rise in rainfall agrees with the variation in moisture loading. The strengthening of the wind convergence in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) triggers the changes in vertical velocity, intensifying the advection of background moisture by the intraseasonal vertical velocity, which contributes the most to intensified moisture supply over the northeastern AS. In addition, the faster warming of the AS and the increasing cyclonic vorticity associated with the poleward movement of the summer mean low‐level jet are responsible for the increasing trend in PBL convergence. This recent intensified intraseasonal rainfall over the AS has contributed to the trend in the mean and extremes over the central‐western parts of the Indian subcontinent.
Improving Dynamic Vegetation Modeling in Noah‐MP by Parameter Optimization and Data Assimilation Over China's Loess Plateau
Authors: Shu Zunyun , Zhang Baoqing , Tian Lei , Zhao Xining
Published: October 2022

Accurate modeling of vegetation dynamics is needed to improve our understanding of and ability to predict the impacts of vegetation changes on terrestrial water‐energy‐carbon cycles. Parameter optimization (PO) and data assimilation (DA) are widely used to improve the performance of dynamic vegetation modules in land surface models (LSMs). However, their effectiveness is unclear. Here we analyze their impacts on the performance of the dynamic vegetation module of the Noah with multiparameterization options (Noah‐MP) LSM over the Chinese Loess Plateau, which is an ideal study case because it is a large region that has undergone dramatic vegetation change. We first optimize these parameters that strongly affect the predicted vegetation dynamics based on the results of sensitivity analysis using PO. In addition, we evaluate the effect of DA by assimilating leaf area index (LAI) remote sensing data into Noah‐MP without PO. Finally, we investigate the effect of applying PO and DA together. PO increases the predicted rates of carbon assimilation and turnover and thus reduces the underestimation of LAI and the lag in vegetation seasonality. DA has a weaker impact than PO: it only reduces the root mean squared error (RMSE) of the predicted LAI in around 49.76% of the studied region and is mainly beneficial in the growing phase. Combining PO and DA compensate the limitations of each other, and gives the most significant reduction in RMSE (median: −0.24 m2/m2) and increase in R2 (+0.44). The improved vegetation dynamics with different optimization methods thus improve the modeling of water and carbon cycle processes.
An Extremely Elongated Cloud Over Arsia Mons Volcano on Mars: 2. Mesoscale Modeling
Authors: Hernández‐Bernal J. , Spiga A. , Sánchez‐Lavega A. , del Río‐Gaztelurrutia T. , Forget F. , Millour E.
Published: October 2022

In a previous work (Hernández‐Bernal et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020je006517) we performed an observational analysis of the Arsia Mons Elongated Cloud (AMEC), which stands out due to its impressive size and shape, quick dynamics, and the fact that it happens during the Martian dusty season. Observations show that its morphology can be split in a head, on the western slope of the volcano of around 120 km in diameter; and a tail, that expands to the west reaching more than 1,000 km in length, making the AMEC the longest orographic cloud observed so far in the solar system. In this work we run the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique Mesoscale Model to gain insight into the physics of the AMEC. We note that it is coincident in terms of local time and seasonality with the fastest winds on the summit of Arsia Mons. A downslope windstorm on the western slope is followed by a hydraulic‐like jump triggering a strong vertical updraft that propagates upwards in the atmosphere, causing a drop in temperatures of down to 30 K at 40–50 km in altitude, spatially and temporarily coincident with the observed head of the AMEC. However the model does not reproduce the microphysics of this cloud: the optical depth is too low and the expansion of the tail does not happen in the model. The observed diurnal cycle is correctly captured by the model for the head of the cloud. This work raises new questions that will guide future observations of the AMEC.
Neural serotonergic circuits for controlling long-term voluntary alcohol consumption in mice
Authors: Belmer Arnauld , Depoortere Ronan , Beecher Kate , Newman-Tancredi Adrian , Bartlett Selena E.
Published: October 2022

Alcohol-use-disorders are chronic relapsing illnesses, often co-morbid with anxiety. We have previously shown using the “drinking-in-the-dark” model in mice that the stimulation of the serotonin receptor 1A (5-HT1A) reduces ethanol binge-drinking behaviour and withdrawal-induced anxiety. The 5-HT1Areceptor is located either on Raphe neurons as autoreceptors, or on target neurons as heteroreceptors. By combining a pharmacological approach with biased agonists targeting the 5-HT1Aauto- or heteroreceptor and a chemogenetic approach (DREADDs), here we identified that ethanol-binge drinking behaviour is dependent on 5-HT1Aautoreceptors and 5-HT neuronal function, with a transition from DRN-dependent regulation of short-term (6 weeks) ethanol intake, to MRN-dependent regulation after longer ethanol exposure (12 weeks). We further identified a serotonergic microcircuit (5-HTMRN→DG) originating from the MRN and projecting to the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, that is specifically affected by, and modulates long-term ethanol consumption. The present study indicates that targeting Raphe nuclei 5-HT1Aautoreceptors with agonists might represent an innovative pharmacotherapeutic strategy to combat alcohol abuse.
Neuroprotective therapies in the NICU in term infants: present and future
Authors: Molloy Eleanor J. , El-Dib Mohamed , Juul Sandra E. , Benders Manon , Gonzalez Fernando , Bearer Cynthia , Wu Yvonne W. , Robertson Nicola J. , Hurley Tim , Branagan Aoife , Michael Cotten C. , Tan Sidhartha , Laptook Abbot , Austin Topun , Mohammad Khorshid , Rogers Elizabeth , Luyt Karen , Bonifacio Sonia , Soul Janet S. , Gunn Alistair J. ,   On behalf of the Newborn Brain Society Guidelines and Publications Committee, Bonifacio Sonia , Wintermark Pia , Aly Hany , Chang Taeun , Chau Vann , Glass Hannah , Lemmon Monica , Massaro An , Wusthoff Courtney , deVeber Gabrielle , Pardo Andrea , McCaul Melisa Carrasco
Published: October 2022

Outcomes of neonatal encephalopathy (NE) have improved since the widespread implementation of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) in high-resource settings. While TH for NE in term and near-term infants has proven beneficial, 30–50% of infants with moderate-to-severe NE treated with TH still suffer death or significant impairments. There is therefore a critical need to find additional pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions that improve the outcomes for these children. There are many potential candidates; however, it is unclear whether these interventions have additional benefits when used with TH. Although primary and delayed (secondary) brain injury starting in the latent phase after HI are major contributors to neurodisability, the very late evolving effects of tertiary brain injury likely require different interventions targeting neurorestoration. Clinical trials of seizure management and neuroprotection bundles are needed, in addition to current trials combining erythropoietin, stem cells, and melatonin with TH.

Impact

The widespread use of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) in the treatment of neonatal encephalopathy (NE) has reduced the associated morbidity and mortality. However, 30–50% of infants with moderate-to-severe NE treated with TH still suffer death or significant impairments.

This review details the pathophysiology of NE along with the evidence for the use of TH and other beneficial neuroprotective strategies used in term infants.

We also discuss treatment strategies undergoing evaluation at present as potential adjuvant treatments to TH in NE.
Clinically relevant germline variants in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Lahtinen Atte K. , Koski Jessica , Ritari Jarmo , Hyvärinen Kati , Koskela Satu , Partanen Jukka , Vettenranta Kim , Koskenvuo Minna , Niittyvuopio Riitta , Salmenniemi Urpu , Itälä-Remes Maija , Jahnukainen Kirsi , Kilpivaara Outi , Wartiovaara-Kautto Ulla
Published: October 2022

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) provides patients with severe hematologic disease a well-established potential for curation. Incorporation of germline analyses in the workup of HSCT patients is not a common practice. Recognizing rare harmful germline variants may however affect patients’ pre-transplantation care, choice of the stem cell donor, and complication risks. We analyzed a population-based series of germline exome data of 432 patients who had undergone HSCT. Our aim was to identify clinically relevant variants that may challenge the outcome of the HSCT. We focused on genes predisposing to hematological diseases, or solid tumors, and genes included in the American College of Medical Genetics secondary findings list v3.0. As population-specific controls, we used GnomAD non-cancer Finns (n = 10,816). We identified in our population-based analysis rare harmful germline variants in disease-predisposing or actionable toxicity-increasing genes in 17.8% of adult and pediatric patients that have undergone HSCT (15.1% and 22.9%, respectively). More than half of the patients with a family member as a donor had not received genetic diagnosis prior to the HSCT. Our results encourage clinicians to incorporate germline genetic testing in the HSCT protocol in the future in order to reach optimal long-term outcome for the patients.
LncNAP1L6 activates MMP pathway by stabilizing the m6A-modified NAP1L2 to promote malignant progression in prostate cancer
Authors: Zheng Yuxiao , Qi Feng , Li Lu , Yu Bin , Cheng Yifei , Ge Minghui , Qin Chao , Li Xiao
Published: October 2022

Malignant progression such as bone metastasis, which is associated with pathologic fractures, pain and reduced survival frequently occurs in prostate cancer (PCa) patients at advanced stages. Accumulating evidence has supported that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in multiple biological processes. Nevertheless, the functions of most lncRNAs in PCa malignant progression remain largely unclear. Our current study is to elucidate the influence of lncRNA lncNAP1L6 on PCa malignant progression and uncover the possible regulatory mechanism. Firstly, RT-qPCR analysis was to detect lncNAP1L6 expression and suggested that lncNAP1L6 was markedly upregulated in PCa cells. Functional assays manifested that silencing of lncNAP1L6 hampered cell migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) while overexpression of lncNAP1L6 exacerbated cell migration, invasion and EMT. In addition, mechanism assays were to determine the latent regulatory mechanism of lncNAP1L6. It turned out that METTL14/METTL3 complex mediated m6A methylation of NAP1L2 mRNA. Besides, lncNAP1L6 recruited HNRNPC to m6A-modified NAP1L2, leading to stabilization of NAP1L2 mRNA. Moreover, NAP1L6 interacted with YY1 to promote the transcription of MMP2 and MMP9 and activate MMP signaling pathway. In summary, lncNAP1L6 was identified as an oncogene in PCa, which revealed that lncNAP1L6 might be used as potential therapeutic target in PCa.
Modelling health and economic impact of nutrition interventions: a systematic review
Authors: Dötsch-Klerk Mariska , Bruins Maaike J. , Detzel Patrick , Martikainen Janne , Nergiz-Unal Reyhan , Roodenburg Annet J. C. , Pekcan Ayla Gulden
Published: October 2022

Diet related non-communicable diseases (NCDs), as well as micronutrient deficiencies, are of widespread and growing importance to public health. Authorities are developing programs to improve nutrient intakes via foods. To estimate the potential health and economic impact of these programs there is a wide variety of models. The aim of this review is to evaluate existing models to estimate the health and/or economic impact of nutrition interventions with a focus on reducing salt and sugar intake and increasing vitamin D, iron, and folate/folic acid intake. The protocol of this systematic review has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42016050873). The final search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus electronic databases and search strings were developed for salt/sodium, sugar, vitamin D, iron, and folic acid intake. Predefined criteria related to scientific quality, applicability, and funding/interest were used to evaluate the publications. In total 122 publications were included for a critical appraisal: 45 for salt/sodium, 61 for sugar, 4 for vitamin D, 9 for folic acid, and 3 for iron. The complexity of modelling the health and economic impact of nutrition interventions is dependent on the purpose and data availability. Although most of the models have the potential to provide projections of future impact, the methodological challenges are considerable. There is a substantial need for more guidance and standardization for future modelling, to compare results of different studies and draw conclusions about the health and economic impact of nutrition interventions.
Removing forever chemicals via amphiphilic functionalized membranes
Authors: Johnson James K. , Michael Salerno K. , Schlesinger Danielle R. , Le Nam Q. , Ko Jesse S. , Xia Zhiyong
Published: October 2022

Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl species (PFAS) remain ever-present drinking water contaminants. While some physical adsorption technologies for PFAS removal have been implemented on a large scale, they are limited by high cost and low effectiveness. In this work, an amphiphilic coating was developed and used to functionalize an aluminum oxide hydroxide membrane. Dynamic filtration of challenge water containing eighteen PFAS demonstrated >99% removal of eleven of eighteen PFAS as defined in EPA 537.1. Comparable performance was observed under gravity filtration conditions with >90% removal of fifteen of the eighteen PFAS. A comparison of breakthrough rates using amphiphilic silanes versus granular activated carbon (GAC), the commonly used filtration technology, was performed. Filters with the new amphiphilic coating outperformed GAC under dynamic filtration conditions by more than an order of magnitude for the perfluorooctanoic acid adsorption capacity and even greater for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to compute the free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of interactions between coatings and six PFAS contaminants. Computed interaction free-energy (FE) values agree with experimental filtration performance across contaminants. The ability to use simulated FE values to predict filtration efficiency presents an opportunity for future in-silico rational design with overall reduced cost and development time.
Treatment outcome and prognostic analysis of advanced large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung
Authors: Xia Lu , Wang Lile , Zhou Zihan , Han Shuhua
Published: October 2022

The optimal systemic treatment of advanced large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is still controversial. We intend to explore advanced LCNEC through SEER database, construct nomogram model of advanced LCNEC, and understand the effect of different treatment regimens on LCNEC. We collected 909 patients, divided them into a training set validation set, constructed nomograms using Cox proportional hazards regression models, and evaluated nomogram discrimination and calibration by C-index and calibration curves. Kaplan–Meier will also be used to compare OS in different groups of patients and to explore the impact of different treatment regimens on advanced LCNEC. On the nomogram plotted, the nomogram predicted AUC values over time were always greater than 0.7, the C-index was 0.681 (95% CI 0.656–0.706) and 0.663 (95% CI 0.628–0.698) in the training and validation sets, respectively, and patients were divided into two groups according to risk, and a significant difference in OS was observed between the high-risk and low-risk groups in the training and validation cohorts. Different treatment analyses showed that chemotherapy is still the best treatment for advanced LCNEC. This nomogram provides a convenient and reliable tool for individual assessment and clinical decision-making of patients with advanced LCNEC.
Prevalence of mental health problems among rural adolescents in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rajkumar Eslavath , Julia Grace Jacob , Sri Lakshmi K. N. V. , Ranjana P. K. , Manjima Mahesh , Devi Rajanala Ruchitha , Rukmini Dubey , Christina George , Romate John , Allen Joshua George , Abraham John , Jacob Anieta Merin
Published: October 2022

Adolescent mental health problems have been recognised as a major issue in low-income countries including India. Through a meta-analytic approach, the present review delineate the overall prevalence of each of the most discussed mental health problems among rural adolescents in India, comprising depression, anxiety disorders, generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder, separation anxiety, social anxiety disorder, suicidality, hyperactivity, emotional problems, conduct problems and peer problems. The review also presents the potential determinants of such mental health problems. Using PRISMA guidelines, a total of thirty-five studies were finalized from databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, JSTOR, Web of Science, Google Scholar and ProQuest. From the findings, it is observed that male and female adolescents does not differ significantly in the prevalence of most mental health problems. However, social anxiety was found to be more prevalent among females when compared to males. In meta-regression, factors like tools used (screening tools vs diagnostic interviews), sample size, setting (school-based vs community-based), sampling technique and year of publication were found to influence the prevalence rates of certain mental health problems, reported in the studies. Major determinants influencing the prevalence of mental health problems in rural adolescents were age, socio-economic status, academic and family environment. Individual factors such as social media usage, physical activity, and substance use also contribute to mental health problems. As India accounts for one-fifth of the world's adolescent population, the findings of this review can have global implications.
Nasal and temporal curvatures of lamina CRIBROSA in myopic eyes
Authors: Choe Sooyeon , Joo Yoon Ha , Kim Yong Woo , Kim Young Kook , Jeoung Jin Wook , Lee Jung Chan , Park Ki Ho
Published: October 2022

Little is known about the myopic characteristics of lamina cribrosa (LC) curvature. As such, we investigated nasal and temporal LC curvatures in myopia. In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, 144 myopic eyes (refraction < − 2D) and 88 non-myopic eyes (refraction > − 0.5D) underwent swept-source optical coherence tomography scanning of the LC. The anterior border of LC curvature was delineated with 17 points and interpolated with the “cardinal spline” curve-fitting method. The average curvature indices of the temporal and nasal sides were presented as the temporal and nasal curvatures. Myopic eyes had a mean refraction of − 6.7 ± 2.8D, while for non-myopic eyes, the value was 0.3 ± 1.0D. Nasal LC curvature was visible in 54 myopia (37.5%) and 42 non-myopia (47.7%) cases (P = 0.126), and temporal LC curvature was visible in 142 myopia (98.6%) and 68 non-myopia (77.3%) cases (P = 0.001). The nasal LC curvature was significantly larger in myopia than in non-myopia (P < 0.001). Contrastingly, the temporal LC curvature was significantly smaller in myopia than in non-myopia (P < 0.001). Axial length was associated with larger nasal LC curvature, smaller temporal LC curvature, and larger nasal–temporal LC curvature difference (all P’s < 0.05). In myopic relative to non-myopic eyes, LC curvature was decreased temporally and increased nasally.
Analysis of the correlation between Zeste enhancer homolog 2 (EZH2) mRNA expression and the prognosis of mesothelioma patients and immune infiltration
Authors: Fan Kui , Zhang Chuan-long , Zhang Bo-hui , Gao Meng-qi , Sun Yun-chuan
Published: October 2022

Mesothelioma lies one of the most malignant tumors, in which the identification of the corresponding biomarkers is extremely critical. This study aims to investigate the prognostic value of enhancer homolog 2 (EZH2) mRNA expression in mesothelioma patients accompanied with its immune infiltration analysis. Gene expression, clinical information and enrichment analysis were obtained based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the immune infiltration analysis and bioinformatics analysis were performed. Clinical information and gene expression were obtained from 86 patients with mesothelioma based on TCGA database. Survival analysis, GSEA enrichment analysis, and immune infiltration analysis of EZH2 expression were carried out using R (version 3.6.3) (statistical analysis and visualization). The correlation of EZH2 expression with immune cell infiltration in mesothelioma was analyzed according to the TIMER database (Fig. https://cistrome.shinyapps.io/timer/). A univariate and multivariate analysis of general data obtained from the TCGA database was performed, involving age, gender, stage, pathological type, and whether they had received radiotherapy, the results indicated the association of high expression of EZH2 with poor prognosis in mesothelioma patients, with the worse prognosis in the High group (HR = 2.75, 95% CI 1.68–4.52, P < 0.010). Moreover, ROC curves showed that EZH2 expression predicted 1-year survival with an AUC of 0.740, 2-year survival with an AUC of 0.756, and 3-year survival with an AUC of 0.692, suggesting a robust predictive effect of EZH2 expression on prognosis. KEGG pathway analysis indicated five pathways showing the strongest positive correlation with EZH2 expression: cell cycle, DNA replication, Cell adhesion molecules cams, Primary immuno deficiency, Tsate transduction, and five pathways showing the strongest negative correlation with EZH2 expression: Glycolysis gluconeogenesis, Drug metabolism, cytochrome P450, retinol metabolism, fatty acid metabolism ribosome. We investigated the correlation between EZH2 expression and the level of immune infiltration in mesothelioma tissues. The results indicated that EZH2 expression played a critical role in immune infiltration, of which the high expression was correlated with the reduced number of NK cells, Mast cells, and Th17 cells. Moreover, mesothelioma patients with high EZH2 expression differ from those with low EZH2 expression in their tumor immune microenvironment. EZH2, as a new prognostic biomarker for mesothelioma, contributes to elucidating how changes in the immune environment promote the development of mesothelioma. Further analysis, EZH2 may serve as a biological test to predict the prognosis of mesothelioma.
Predicting performance of naïve migratory animals, from many wrongs to self-correction
Authors: McLaren James D. , Schmaljohann Heiko , Blasius Bernd
Published: October 2022

Migratory orientation of many animals is inheritable, enabling inexperienced (naïve) individuals to migrate independently using a geomagnetic or celestial compass. It remains unresolved how naïve migrants reliably reach remote destinations, sometimes correcting for orientation error or displacement. To assess naïve migratory performance (successful arrival), we simulate and assess proposed compass courses for diverse airborne migratory populations, accounting for spherical-geometry effects, compass precision, cue transfers (e.g., sun to star compass), and geomagnetic variability. We formulate how time-compensated sun-compass headings partially self-correct, according to how inner-clocks are updated. For the longest-distance migrations simulated, time-compensated sun-compass courses are most robust to error, and most closely resemble known routes. For shorter-distance nocturnal migrations, geomagnetic or star-compass courses are most robust, due to not requiring nightly cue-transfers. Our predictive study provides a basis for assessment of compass-based naïve migration and mechanisms of self-correction, and supports twilight sun-compass orientation being key to many long-distance inaugural migrations.
Molecular programming modulates hepatic lipid metabolism and adult metabolic risk in the offspring of obese mothers in a sex-specific manner
Authors: Savva Christina , Helguero Luisa A. , González-Granillo Marcela , Melo Tânia , Couto Daniela , Angelin Bo , Domingues Maria Rosário , Li Xidan , Kutter Claudia , Korach-André Marion
Published: October 2022

Male and female offspring of obese mothers are known to differ extensively in their metabolic adaptation and later development of complications. We investigate the sex-dependent responses in obese offspring mice with maternal obesity, focusing on changes in liver glucose and lipid metabolism. Here we show that maternal obesity prior to and during gestation leads to hepatic steatosis and inflammation in male offspring, while female offspring are protected. Females from obese mothers display important changes in hepatic transcriptional activity and triglycerides profile which may prevent the damaging effects of maternal obesity compared to males. These differences are sustained later in life, resulting in a better metabolic balance in female offspring. In conclusion, sex and maternal obesity drive differently transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of major metabolic processes in offspring liver, explaining the sexual dimorphism in obesity-associated metabolic risk.
Carbon dioxide adsorption and conversion to methane and ethane on hydrogen boride sheets
Authors: Goto Taiga , Ito Shin-ichi , Shinde Satish Laxman , Ishibiki Ryota , Hikita Yasuyuki , Matsuda Iwao , Hamada Ikutaro , Hosono Hideo , Kondo Takahiro
Published: October 2022

Hydrogen boride (HB) sheets are metal-free two-dimensional materials comprising boron and hydrogen in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio. In spite of the several advancements, the fundamental interactions between HB sheets and discrete molecules remain unclear. Here, we report the adsorption of CO2and its conversion to CH4and C2H6using hydrogen-deficient HB sheets. Although fresh HB sheets did not adsorb CO2, hydrogen-deficient HB sheets reproducibly physisorbed CO2at 297 K. The adsorption followed the Langmuir model with a saturation coverage of 2.4 × 10−4mol g−1and a heat of adsorption of approximately 20 kJ mol−1, which was supported by density functional theory calculations. When heated in a CO2atmosphere, hydrogen-deficient HB began reacting with CO2at 423 K. The detection of CH4and C2H6as CO2reaction products in a moist atmosphere indicated that hydrogen-deficient HB promotes C–C coupling and CO2conversion reactions. Our findings highlight the application potential of HB sheets as catalysts for CO2conversion.
Nanomechanical signatures of degradation-free influence of water on halide perovskite mechanics
Authors: Buchine Isaac , Rosenhek-Goldian Irit , Jasti Naga Prathibha , Ceratti Davide R. , Kumar Sujit , Cahen David , Cohen Sidney R.
Published: October 2022

Humidity is often reported to compromise the stability of lead halide perovskites or of devices based on them. Here we measure the humidity dependence of the elastic modulus and hardness for two series of lead halide perovskite single crystals, varying either by cation or by anion type. The results reveal a dependence on bond length between, hydrogen bonding with, and polarizability/polarization of these ions. The results show an intriguing inverse relation between modulus and hardness, in contrast to their positive correlation for most other materials. This anomaly persists and is strengthened by the effect of humidity. This, and our overall findings are ascribed to the materials’ unique atomic-scale structure and properties, viz nano-polar domains and strong dynamic disorder, yet high-quality average order. Our conclusions are based on comparing results obtained from several different nano-indentation techniques, which separate surface from bulk elastic modulus, and probe different manifestations of the hardness.
Hybrid molecular beam epitaxy of germanium-based oxides
Authors: Liu Fengdeng , Truttmann Tristan K. , Lee Dooyong , Matthews Bethany E. , Laraib Iflah , Janotti Anderson , Spurgeon Steven R. , Chambers Scott A. , Jalan Bharat
Published: October 2022

Germanium-based oxides such as rutile GeO2 are garnering attention owing to their wide band gaps and the prospects of ambipolar doping for application in high-power devices. Here, we present the use of germanium tetraisopropoxide (GTIP), a metal-organic chemical precursor, as a source of germanium for the demonstration of hybrid molecular beam epitaxy for germanium-containing compounds. We use Sn1-xGexO2 and SrSn1-xGexO3 as model systems to demonstrate our synthesis method. A combination of high-resolution X-ray diffraction, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the successful growth of epitaxial rutile Sn1-xGexO2 on TiO2(001) substrates up to x = 0.54 and coherent perovskite SrSn1-xGexO3 on GdScO3(110) substrates up to x = 0.16. Characterization and first-principles calculations corroborate that germanium occupies the tin site, as opposed to the strontium site. These findings confirm the viability of the GTIP precursor for the growth of germanium-containing oxides by hybrid molecular beam epitaxy, thus providing a promising route to high-quality perovskite germanate films.
Phosphorothioated and phosphate-terminal dumbbell (PP-TD) probe-based rapid detection of polynucleotide kinase activity
Authors: Jiang Xianfeng , Shen Xudan , Talap Jadera , Yang Dan , Zeng Su , Liu Hui , Cai Sheng
Published: October 2022

A primer-free, sensitive assay has been developed to detect polynucleotide kinase (PNK) activity. This proposed method provides a promising platform for PNK activity monitoring and inhibition screening for drug discovery and clinical treatment.
Ruthenium–NHC complex-catalyzed P(iii)-directed C–H borylation of arylphosphines
Authors: Thongpaen Jompol , Manguin Romane , Kittikool Tanakorn , Camy Aurèle , Roisnel Thierry , Dorcet Vincent , Yotphan Sirilata , Canac Yves , Mauduit Marc , Baslé Olivier
Published: October 2022

Bidentate NHC-based ruthenium catalyst for P(III)-directed ortho C–H borylation of arylphosphines.
Photomechanical effect in Zn(ii) and Cd(ii) 1D coordination polymers: photosalient to non-salient behaviour
Authors: Khan Samim , Naaz Sanobar , Ekka Akansha , Dutta Basudeb , Roy Sourav , Medishetty Raghavender , Mir Mohammad Hedayetullah
Published: October 2022

Two Zn(ii)/Cd(ii) 1D coordination polymers undergo [2+2] photodimerization, wherein Zn-CP shows mechanical motion and generates a free cyclobutane ligand, while Cd-CP does not.
Atomic periodic engineering enabled ultrathin high-efficiency AgBiS2 solar cells
Authors: Liu Xue , Xiao Hongbin , Zang Zhigang , Li Ru
Published: October 2022

The periodic engineering of AgS6 and BiS6 octahedrons is demonstrated. The modulated AgBiS2 achieves a spectroscopic limited maximum efficiency as high as 29.7% with an ultrathin thickness of 100 nm.
Dissociative ionization of the H2 molecule under a strong elliptically polarized laser field: carrier-envelope phase and orientation effect
Authors: Pandey Gaurav , Ghosh Sandip , Tiwari Ashwani K.
Published: October 2022

A coupled electron–nuclear dynamical study is performed to investigate the sub-cycle dissociation and ionization of the H2 molecule in a strong 750 nm 4.5 fs elliptically polarized laser pulse.
Automatic structural elucidation of vacancies in materials by active learning
Authors: Lourenço Maicon Pierre , Herrera Lizandra Barrios , Hostaš Jiří , Calaminici Patrizia , Köster Andreas M. , Tchagang Alain , Salahub Dennis R.
Published: October 2022

The artificial intelligence method based on active learning for the automatic structural elucidation of vacancies in materials. This is implemented in the quantum machine learning software/agent for material design and discovery (QMLMaterial).
Towards high-resolution X-ray scattering as a probe of electron correlation
Authors: Moreno Carrascosa Andrés , Coe Jeremy P. , Simmermacher Mats , Paterson Martin J. , Kirrander Adam
Published: October 2022

We demonstrate that X-ray scattering can be used as a probe of electron–electron correlation.
The evolution mechanism of an FeMo alloy catalyst for growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Chen Xuan , Duan Haiming , Cao Biaobing , Sun Qihua , Yang Wenhui
Published: October 2022

Adding small fractions of Mo to Fe nanoparticles (NPs) can reduce the melting point of Fe NPs to promote the quality of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) catalytically synthesized.
Deep insights into the viscosity of deep eutectic solvents by an XGBoost-based model plus SHapley Additive exPlanation
Authors: Shi Dingyi , Zhou Fengyi , Mu Wenbo , Ling Cheng , Mu Tiancheng , Yu Gangqiang , Li Ruiqi
Published: October 2022

This work proposes a data-driven model which could predict the viscosity of diverse DESs accurately and rapidly, and the model interpretation given by SHAP deepens the understanding of the viscosity of DESs.
Temperature-induced polymorphism of a benzothiophene derivative: reversibility and impact on the thin film morphology
Authors: Yan Shunya , Cazorla Alba , Babuji Adara , Solano Eduardo , Ruzié Christian , Geerts Yves H. , Ocal Carmen , Barrena Esther
Published: October 2022

We report the formation of a high temperature polymorph when C8O–BTBT–OC8 films are annealed, with different scenarios after cooling.
Tuning thermal and electrical properties of MXenes via dehydration
Authors: Yu Litao , Huang Dezhao , Wang Xuezi , Yu Wei , Yue Yanan
Published: October 2022

Schematic illustration of transient electrothermal measurements of thermophysical properties. The sample voltage exhibits an increasing and decreasing trend before the dehydration process, while the dehydrated sample increases to steady-state.
Multivalent glycocyclopeptides: conjugation methods and biological applications
Authors: Goyard David , Ortiz Angela Martin-Serrano , Boturyn Didier , Renaudet Olivier
Published: October 2022

In this review, we describe the conjugation methods used to construct multivalent glycocyclopeptides and their utilization for applications in glycoscience.
Electrical conductivity and oxygen relaxation behavior in BaBi1−xSrxNb5O15−δ tungsten bronze ceramics
Authors: He Chan , Cao Shuyao , Wang Weiguo , Hao Gangling
Published: October 2022

Sr2+ ion-doped BBN-based oxygen ion conductors were systematically investigated. When using the two-step sintering method, the bulk and total conductivities of the BBN-Sr2-TS sample are enhanced by one and two orders of magnitude, respectively.
Spatiotemporal profiling of chemicals of emerging concern in a megacity: a case study of Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Fabunmi Idera , Proctor Kathryn , Oluseyi Temilola , Oyeyiola Aderonke , Olayinka Kehinde , Kasprzyk-Hordern Barbara
Published: October 2022

This is the first study reporting the use of pharmaceutical and illicit drugs by profiling wastewater in Lagos, Nigeria.
Lycopene ameliorates skin aging by regulating the insulin resistance pathway and activating SIRT1
Authors: Li Jing , Zeng Xin , Yang Xiaolong , Ding Hong
Published: October 2022

Lycopene could reverse insulin resistance through SIRT1 during skin aging and promotes microcirculation via the improvement of microvascular neovascularization to protect aging skin.