bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concept and preliminary calculations of an optionally piloted research platform
Authors: Zenowicz Paulina , Zenowicz Kamil , Skarka Wojciech
Published: January 2024

Along with the technological progress, unmanned aerial vehicles have found application not only in a military, but also in civil applications. The article presents Concept and preliminary calculations of an optionally piloted research platform. A literature review revealed a small number of existing aircraft of similar design. The analysis began with basic analytical calculations for airplanes, and more specifically their wings. The initial concept of the external shape of the designed aircraft was determined, and then the initial optimization of the structure was carried out on the basis of mathematical and computer analysis. Another goal of the research will be the construction of a demonstrator and its analysis.
ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА РИЗИКИ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ ПЕНСІЙНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ УКРАЇНИ ЗА УМОВ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ
Authors: Dluhopolskyi Oleksandr , Rudyk Yurii
Published: January 2024

The article examines the current problems of the functioning of the pension system under martial law. The article includes an analysis of the latest research and publications on the issue, and also considers the practical aspects of analyzing the income of the Pension Fund of Ukraine and the level of poverty of Ukrainian pensioners. The purpose of the article is to justify the current trends in filling the Pension Fund of Ukraine at the expense of various instruments under the conditions of wartime, which Ukraine is experiencing from 2022. The article examines the main tasks of maintaining the stability of the pension system, analyzes the dynamics of the formation of income of the Pension Fund of Ukraine for 2010-2022, poverty indicators calculated for pensioners who receive the minimum and average pension for 2010-2022. The article also provides options for increasing the level of pension provision in the conditions of martial law and the post-war recovery of Ukraine’s economy. It is substantiated that the promising areas of research in the context of the development of the pension system in Ukraine are scientific investigations into the functioning of the social security system in general due to the need to support war veterans and military personnel
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPORT POTENTIAL OF NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL COMPANIES UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF A FULL-SCALE INVASION OF RF
Authors: Virkovska Anastasiya , Zaklekta Olha , Lavrenchuk Vladyslav
Published: January 2024

The paper identifies the factors that affect the export potential of national agricultural companies, namely: types of crops, high quality standards and product safety, the use of modern agricultural technologies and equipment, an effective logistics and supply system, compliance with international standards regarding the safety, quality and environmental sustainability of food products, effective marketing strategies and product branding in foreign markets, development and maintenance of trade relations with other countries, financial stability, understanding of rules and restrictions established by importing countries. In paper the attention is focused on certain agrarian indicators of the Ukraine’s export potential, among which a special place belongs to grain crops (wheat, barley, etc.). It was ascertained that under the conditions of the full-scale invasion of the russian federation into Ukraine, it became a difficult task to provide agricultural activities with the appropriate resources: fuel, fertilizers, plant protection products, spare parts, etc. The production and export of wheat and barley over the last 5 years was analyzed. Due to the military actions of the russian federation and the occupation of the territories of our country, there was a reduction in the sown area under grain crops. This led to a significant decrease in the export volume of these crops by national agricultural companies, and the global food price index reached a historical maximum. It has been proven that the largest importers of wheat from Ukraine are Egypt, Indonesia and Turkey, and of Ukrainian barley - China and Turkey. In the context of military operations, to support agribusiness, the government simplified bureaucratic procedures and the import of seed materials, allowed the use of agricultural machinery without registration, introduced a zero excise tax rate and reduced the VAT rate to 7% on fuel, introduced affordable loans of 5-7-9%, etc. The ways and directions that will contribute to solving the problems of the agricultural sector of Ukraine during the war and in the post-war period are outlined.
FUNCTIONS OF INTERNATIONAL REMOTE END-USER SUPPORT TEAMS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN A GLOBAL IT COMPANY
Authors: Moroz Olena , Kyssa Oleksandr
Published: January 2024

The article studied and analyzed the functions and models of international technical support teams in global IT companies in the context of continuous modernization of information systems. A review of the latest scientific findings and publications in the field of information systems and support team management was carried out to identify current trends and functions of multinational teams in the global IT environment. The main topics covered include the role of organizational support in implementing effective remote work, global IT management, conflict management strategies in multicultural teams, and innovative methods of remote collaboration. The article analyzes in detail the contributions of well-known researchers and assesses the impact of their research on the overall development of the academic community. In addition, the research aims to identify new theoretical approaches and optimal models for organizing the functions of international technical support teams, taking into account the unique challenges and cultural peculiarities that arise in the IT industry. The research direction of the article is to provide an in-depth review and generalization of the functions of international remote end-user support teams of information systems in a global IT company to make a significant contribution to the scientific discourse and identify areas for further research in this area.
Modeling of a directed acyclic graph for causal inference
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine �Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute�, Kyiv, Bespala O. M.
Published: January 2024

The paper proposes an algorithm for causal inference based on a set of input data with compliance with the proposed restrictions. This article is presents assumptions about the data set that affect the choice and accuracy of the causal method. The algorithm for constructing the structure of a directed acyclic graph is given. The adequacy of the algorithm was checked on a test mathematical model, which allowed the analysis to be carried out without a randomized experiment. The proposed algorithm allows extrapolation to reveal a causal model with specified assumptions and the possibility of stricter restrictions on the input data set.
A new approach to the architecture of service management systems in information systems
Authors:   State University of Information and Communication Technologies, Kyiv, Vyshnivskyi V. V.
Published: January 2024

The article solves the scientific task of researching new principles of service management architecture based on the distribution of subject and identification data flows using the tool of the digital object identification register and the service register. The main task of the integration of information systems related to different areas is the management of the processes of providing services according to customer requests. The risks that have arisen are related to the large amount of data that the integration bus (platform) must pass through itself, including security risks and increased transaction processing costs. An additional factor restraining development is the poorly resolved task of integrating several information systems that use different ecosystems of services with different telecommunication and subject protocols, data request and processing methods, data structures and formats.
Enhancing the security of Software-Defined Networks (SDNs)
Authors:   State University of Information and Communication Technologies, Kyiv, Hnidenko M. P.
Published: January 2024

Software-defined networking (SDN) is an emerging paradigm, which breaks the vertical integration in traditional networks to provide the flexibility to program the network through (logical) centralized network control. SDN has the capability to adapt its network parameters on the fly based on its operating environment. The decoupled structure of SDN serves as a solution for managing the network with more flexibility and ease. In SDN, the centralized cost effective architecture provides network visibility which helps to achieve efficient resource utilization and high performance. Due to the increasingly pervasive existence of smart programmable devices in the network, SDN provides security, and network virtualization for enhancing the overall network performance. The work presents various security threats that are resolved by SDN and new threats that arise as a result of SDN implementation. The recent security attacks and countermeasures in SDN are also summarized in the form of tables. Also provided a survey on the different strategies that are implemented to achieve energy efficiency and network security through SDN implementation. In an effort to anticipate the future evolution of this new paradigm, were discussed the main ongoing research efforts, challenges, and research trends in this area. With this work, researchers and students can have a more thorough understanding of SDN architecture, different security attacks and countermeasures.
Technology of simulation and investigation of MRI images with cranial-brain injuries
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Bychkov O. S.
Published: January 2024

In the article, based on the methodology of mathematical modeling and the basic principles of computer science, the system, which makes modelling and predicts the development of closed craniocerebral injuries in humans, was proposed. A feature of this model - is considering the displacement factor of internal brain tissues over time. Structurally, the system has several interconnected separate modules, some of which can be used separately, for example, to analyze the development of brain tumors. This fact gives the developed model a certain universality and hardware independence. The work details the process of processing and analyzing images of computed tomography of the brain at the algorithmic level. A three-dimensional model (skull, brain, hematomas) was constructed, considering the possible displacement of brain tissues over time. A certain analysis of the functioning of the model was carried out, which can significantly help neurosurgeons in quick decision-making regarding surgical intervention.
The Issues with Psychoanalytic Supervision in Clinical Psychology: Evaluations, Criticisms, and Recommendations
Authors: AKTAŞ Dilan , KARTAL Fatoş , GENÇÖZ Faruk
Published: January 2024

The present article aimed to provide a theoretical overview of supervisor training. Accordingly, first, the conceptualization of supervision was critically examined. Then, the current state of supervisor training as a general term was explained, both globally and in Turkey. After that, the psychoanalytic supervision process was discussed from a historical perspective, and psychoanalytic supervision practices in the field of Lacanian psychoanalysis were presented. Finally, in light of the formation of psychoanalytic supervision programs by various institutions from the past to the present, the institutionalization of supervisor training, along with criticism and recommendations, was analyzed. This research has revealed that becoming a supervisor is a challenging and experience intensive task. Given the scarcity of research and applications in this field, it is expected that this review will serve as a pioneering compilation that will accelerate developments in the field. This article also has the potential to encourage future efforts in the field and bring forth innovative approaches and methods.
Influence of weather conditions on the productive potential of pasture ecosystems in the south of Russia (Based on artificially created models)
Authors: TURKO S. YU.
Published: January 2024

For the rational use of degraded pastures and the fight against desertification, it is necessary to apply phytomelioration of territories more widely. The most effective will be the use of communities consisting of shrubs, semi-shrubs and perennial grasses. To identify on this further, the study was conducted at the experimental sites of the Agroecology Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the period from 2019 to 2022. In this study, artificially created models of long-term pasture ecosystems were utilized. In the arid conditions of the south of Russia, weather conditions had the greatest impact on the productivity of the created pasture models (share of influence is 81-85%), while the yield of dry fodder mass of the herbaceous-semi-shrub layer varied from 1.2 to 3.9 t/ha, depending on the seasonality of the pasture and the composition of the soil substrate. The highest yield of phytomass is formed on pastures created on a chernozem-like sandy loam substrate (humus horizon of chernozem-like sandy loam soil) on spring-summer pastures, the yield increase is 33% higher compared to spring-summer pastures on a light chestnut sandy substrate (a product of Aeolian processing of light chestnut soil). On all types of pastures, groups of cereals were leading in terms of biomass. Analysis of the multiple regression equation between the phytomass yield of model pastures (y3), temperature (x1) and precipitation of the warm period (x2) on pastures with a chernozem–like soil substrate showed that the multiple correlation coefficient R = 0.96 - this states a close relationship between the effective indicator and two factors. The multiple determination coefficient R2 = 0.98 means that 98% of the variation in the phytomass yield level is taken into account by the regression equation and 2% is accounted for by unaccounted factors on a light chestnut sandy substrate. The moderate correlation dependence of the yield of the fodder mass of model pastures (y3) on a plot with a light chestnut sandy substrate on the temperature in the warm period (x1), the component (r=0.52) indicates a significant effect on the yield of precipitation of the warm period (x2) with r=0.94.
The influence of quince rootstock forms on the survival and growth of pear varieties in the nursery
Authors: NIKOLSKAYA OLGA , SOLONKIN ANDREY
Published: January 2024

Pear is an important cash crop, the quality, variety and types of which vary depending on the place of growth. It is believed that undersized rootstocks not only simplify the technology of its cultivation, but also accelerate the entry into fruiting. Currently, the selection of existing high-quality varieties compatible with low-growing rootstocks is a serious problem faced by gardeners growing this crop. The aim of the study was to identify the compatibility of local adaptive pear varieties with rootstock forms of quince and to study the biometric indicators of rootstock-graft combinations when grown in a nursery. The assessment of the impact of undersized quince rootstocks on the survival and development of local pear varieties in the nursery was carried out according to generally accepted methods from 2016 to 2022. The study of the parameters of accretion and development of the components of graft was evaluated visually. Biometric data were obtained by instrumental and computational methods from a random sample of healthy plants. The most promising variety – rootstock combinations in the nursery were identified, their biometric parameters were determined and a visual assessment of compatibility in the nursery was carried out. According to all the studied indicators, the best rootstock for pear varieties was the form of quince rootstock No. 1.
Response of soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars to inoculation of Rhizobium japonicum in coastal sandy land
Authors: PURWANINGSIH OKTI , PAMUNGKAS PUGUH BINTANG , KUSUMASTUTI C. TRI
Published: January 2024

Soybean cultivars have various responses to the inoculation of Rhizobium japonicum. Inoculation of Rhizobium japonicum does not always have a positive response to soybean growth and yield. This study was conducted during March – June 2022 to analyze soybean cultivar's response to inoculation of Rhizobium japonicum in the coastal area. This research has two factors that are arranged in Complete Randomized Design (CRD). The first factor of Rhizobium inoculation is with and without Rhizobium japonicum inoculation. The second factor is soybean cultivars, namely Grobogan, Burangrang, Argomulyo, Anjasmara, Dena 1, Gema, Kaba, Wilis, Sinabung and Gepak Kuning. The results indicated that soybean cultivars gave various responses to Rhizobium japonicum inoculation. Rhizobium japonicum inoculation can increase the nitrogen fixation of soybean cultivars in coastal sandy land. Anjasmara cultivar gave the best response in fixing nitrogen. Indicators of nitrogen fixation can be seen from the number of root nodules, root nodule dry weight, and shoot N uptake. These results can have implications in optimizing Rhizobium inoculation in coastal sandy lands to sufficient nitrogen requirements.
Bio-agronomic characteristics of new promising short duration rice (Oryza sativa L.) lines and varieties in Central Vietnam
Authors: HOANG T. T. H. , NGUYEN V. B. , HO H. C. , HO S. C. , PHAM V. N. , TA T. H. P. , NGUYEN H. H.
Published: January 2024

Rice is an important food crop in Vietnam and facing challenges due to climate change, limited cultivation area, and limited adaptable varieties. Therefore, field experiments were carried out in two seasons of summer 2022 and spring 2023 at the Agricultural Science Institute for Southern Coastal Central of Vietnam (ASISOV), Binh Dinh province, to evaluate the growth, development and yield of new promising short duration rice lines and varieties in Binh Dinh province. Promising 10 lines and varieties namely ANS1 (control), BDR97, BDR57, BDR79, BDR87, BDR36, Line 159, Line 243, Line 64, and Line 46 were used for the study. They were arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Research results showed that the duration of rice lines and varieties ranged from 90 to 112 days. The yield of the lines and varieties was from 5.94 to 7.44 t/ha in the summer season 2022 and 6.42 to 8.05 t/ha in the spring season 2023. The quality of rice lines and varieties was rated from average to good. Two new promising varieties were identified, including BDR79 and BDR57, with a short duration of 91-103 days, yield from 7.27-8.05 t/ha, higher than the control variety from 11.6-20.5% and belonging to good quality classification.
Cultivating sustainability: A comprehensive review on intercropping in a changing climate
Authors: MAITRA SAGAR , SAHOO UPASANA , SAIRAM MASINA , GITARI HARUN I. , REZAEI-CHIYANEH ESMAEIL , BATTAGLIA MARTIN LEONARDO , HOSSAIN5 AKBAR
Published: January 2024

The intercropping system is known for its multifaceted benefits; however, it has been mostly evaluated to quantify yield, land resource use efficiency and monetary gains. There are several underlying advantages relevant in the present context of global warming and climate change. Intercropping systems have the potential to ensure the regulation of climatic factors, efficient soil moisture utilization, maximum use of solar radiation, reduced greenhouse gas emission, more carbon sequestration and greater ecosystem services. These beneficial aspects of intercropping system have been revisited in the article. In recent times, as per the recommendation of the United Nations (UN), a major emphasis has been placed on the agricultural production systems to attain the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), while the intercropping system is the environmentally friendly and cost-effective cropping system that can address three SDGs such as zero hunger (SDG-2), climate action (SDG-13) and life on land (SDG-15). The present article focuses on the prospects of intercropping systems to meet the food security of the increasing population in the modern era of the changing climate.
Effect of Acarus siro L. infestation on germination of wheat and barley seeds under laboratory conditions ​
Authors: AL-DAHWI SINDAB SAMI JASSIM , AL-JUBOURI HALA KADHEM JBIR , AL-MRSOMI ZEENA MOFEED MAHMOD
Published: January 2024

A laboratory study was conducted to assess the effect of mite infestation with the grain on the germination of wheat (IPA-99 variety) and barley (Al-Khair variety) seeds. The mite was diagnosed in stored and infested wheat and barley seeds as grain mite (cheese mite) Acarus siro L. The results showed that infestation of wheat and barley seeds with A. siro had a significant impact on their germination percentage, whether the seeds were unwashed or washed. The percentage of infestation and germination in wheat seed samples reached 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 reached 45.00%, 80.00%, 91.67%, 93.75%, and 96.00% with a germination rate of 55.00%, 20.00%, 8.33%, 6.25%, and 4.00% for unwashed seeds, respectively. For washed seeds, the infestation rate was 40.00%, 62.50%, 80.00%, 85.00%, and 90.00% with a germination rate of 60.00%, 37.50%, 20.00%, 15.00%, and 10.00%, respectively. Whereas, for barley seeds, the percentage of infestation and germination in the samples 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 reached 35.00%, 72.50%, 83.33%, 88.75%, and 94.00% with a germination rate of 65.00%, 27.50%, 16.67%, 11.25%, and 6.00% for unwashed seeds, respectively. For washed seeds, the infestation rate was 25.00%, 57.50%, 70.00%, 81.25%, and 90.00% with a germination rate of 75.00%, 42.50%, 30.00%, 18.75%, and 10.00%, respectively. The results also showed that infestation of wheat and barley seeds had a greater impact on reducing their germination percentage in unwashed samples compared to washed samples, with significant differences. Unwashed wheat seed samples achieved the highest infestation rate and the lowest germination rate at 81.28% and 18.72%, respectively. Unwashed barley seed samples achieved the highest infestation rate and the lowest germination rate at 74.72% and 25.28%, respectively. It is also noted that the highest infestation rate and the lowest germination rate for wheat and barley seeds were observed in the 100 samples, while the lowest infestation rate and the highest germination rate were found in the 20 samples for both unwashed and washed seeds, respectively. The results indicated that wheat was more preferred by the mite than barley in both unwashed and washed seed samples.
Herbicide potassium glyphosate 660 g/L as weed control in hybrid corn (Zea mays L.) cultivation under no-tillage system ​
Authors: UMIYATI UUM , KURNIADIE DENNY , ISWARI FIRSTINA
Published: January 2024

Weed management during land preparation is a pivotal concern in agriculture. A viable alternative for weed control in the context of corn cultivation involves employing herbicides within the no-tillage system. Potassium salts formulated with the active ingredient glyphosate allow more effective absorption of glyphosate into the leaves This study aimed to determine the effectiveness and obtain a dose of Potassium Glyphosate 660 g/L herbicide in controlling weeds in corn cultivation with the no-tillage system. The research was conducted from January to May 2023 at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia. The experiment used a randomized block design (RBD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment consisted of no-tillage with a dose of herbicide with the active ingredient Potassium Glyphosate 660 g/L dose of 1.0 L/ha, 1.5 L/ha, 2.0 L/ha, 2.5 L/ha, 3.0 L/ha, and a control (Perfect Tillage). The application of herbicide with the active ingredient Potassium Glyphosate 660 g/L was carried out once, namely 14 days before corn planting. The experimental results showed that the herbicide with the active ingredient Potassium Glyphosate 660 g/L starting at a dose of 2.0 L/ha – 3.0 L/ha was effective in controlling weeds Imperata cylindrica, Bidens pilosa, Alternanthera sessilis, Ageratum conyzoides, and Borreria alata and other weeds (Mimosa invisa, Cyperus rotundus, Synedrella nodiflora, Axonopus compressus) up to 4 weeks after planting without causing a phytotoxic effect on corn planting and preparation for planting corn and increasing the growth and yield of corn plants.
The effectiveness of atrazine 265 g/L and nicosulfuron 35 g/L for weed control in hybrid maize plants (Zea mays L.)
Authors: KURNIADIE DENNY , WIDAYAT DEDI , HIDAYATI RAHMA FAHMI
Published: January 2024

Weeds negatively affect the production of hybrid maize by competing for essential resources such as nutrients, water, and sunlight. Using a combination of herbicides has the potential to broaden the range of controlled weed species and prevent the development of herbicide resistance in weeds. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a herbicide blend containing Atrazine (265 g/L) and Nicosulfuron (35 g/L) in managing weed in hybrid maize crops. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, located in Jatinangor, Sumedang Regency, West Java, Indonesia. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design comprising of seven treatments and four replications each. The treatments included different doses of Atrazine (265 g/L) and Nicosulfuron (35 g/L) at 1.0 l/ha, 1.5 l/ha, 2.0 l/ha, 2.5 l/ha, 3.0 l/ha, as well as manual weeding and control. The results showed that herbicide combination of Atrazine (265 g/L) and Nicosulfuron (35 g/L) at a dose of 1.0 L/ha to 3 L/ha was effective in controlling the growth of the dominant weed Bidens pilosa, Ageratum conyzoides, Synedrella nodiflora, Richardia brasiliensis, Eleusine indica, Digitaria ciliaris, and total weed on hybrid maize cultivation up to six weeks after treatment. During this observation period, there were no toxicity indications to maize plants, indicating the absence of phytotoxicity.
Productivity and adaptive properties of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in arid conditions of the Lower Volga region of Russia ​
Authors: SUKHAREVA E. P. , BELIKINA A. V.
Published: January 2024

The difficulty of growing spring barley in the Lower Volga region is associated with the arid climate. The selection of barley varieties from the seeds offered on the market contributed to their environmental testing and assessment of adaptability in a dry climate. The purpose of the study is to conduct an environmental test of spring barley varieties to assess their yield and adaptive qualities. Environmental test 2020-2022 has showed that the tested varieties are stable and capable of producing grain. This is evidenced by the results of the dry year 2022 and the environmental index Iij = -0.6, the crop grain yield ranged from 0.45 to 2.82 t/ha. The highest average yield in the test was for the local selection varieties Novonikolaevsky 3.37 t/ha, Medikum 200-2.43 t/ha, and Kamyshinsky 23-2.18 t/ha. The variety Medicum 269 (2.02 t/ha) also stood out in terms of yield and stability. All productive varieties have an adaptability coefficient from 110 to 177. It has been established that variety has the greatest influence on grain yield in the technology of growing spring barley 58.5%, meteorological conditions 20.2%, agrotechnological measures 21.4%).
The chloroplast genome of black currant (DNA.) cultivar 'Kipiana': genome structure and chloroplast Simple Sequence Repeats
Authors: DENIS GORYUNOV , ANNA PIKUNOVA , SERGEY KNYAZEV , MARIA DOLZHIKOVA , ANNA PAVLENKO , SVETLANA GORYUNOVA
Published: January 2024

The study has been conducted in year 2022-2023 at Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK), 302530 Orel, Russia with help of computational resources provided by the Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia. Ribes nigrum, commonly known as black currant, is a perennial deciduous shrub having an economic importance. Though of economical importance of Ribes nigrum its complete chloroplast genome sequences is not published yet. Here, the complete chloroplast genome of black currant cultivar 'Kipiana' was sequenced using Illumina sequencing technology and de novo assembled for the first time. Simple sequence repeats were detected and located in the chloroplast genome. The plastome is 157,450 bp in length, with a GC content of 38.1%. The chloroplast genome is features a typical quadripartite structure, consisting of a pair of inverted repeat regions of 26,007 bp for each repeat unit, separated by a large single copy region of 87,086 bp, and a small single copy region of 18,350 bp. A total of 133 genes were annotated in the plastome, including 85 protein coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes and 3 pseudogenes (both copies of ycf15 and one copy of ycf1 gene). Totally 66 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified within the assembled Ribes nigrum plastid genome. Thus, our study provides genomic resources and valuable reference for marker development and phylogenomics in Ribes.
Studies on integrated plant nutrient supply system for maximizing the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: P. NAVEEN PRASATH , STALIN P. , BALASUBRAMANIAN A. , RAO G. B. SUDHAGAR , SATHIYAMURTHI S.
Published: January 2024

The research was conducted to determine how rice growth and productivity would be impacted using graded amounts of inorganic fertilizer in conjunction with organic manures and bio fertilizer in rice variety TRY 3 at Annamalai University's Experimental Farm, Tamil Nadu, India. This investigation on crop response-based fertilizer prescriptions together within Integrated Plant Nutrient Supply System (IPNSS) was conducted during 2021 and 2022. Different quantities of nitrogen, green manure, pressmudbiocompost, goat manure, seaweed extract, and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) were employed in the eight treatments. The treatments were replicated thrice, and the field trial was laid out using randomised block design (RBD). According to the research outcome, among the different treatments, 100% RDN + 25% N as Pressmudbiocompost + PSB resulted in higher morphological characters, including plant height (124.11cm), leaf area index (4.84), dry mater production (13012 kg/ha), number of tillers/hill (33.30), chlorophyll content (30.66), root length (28.39 cm) and volume (23.64 cc/hill) and yield characteristics, including productive tillers/hill (31.30), grains/panicle (153.70), and filled grain/panicle (147.40),grain yield (6693 kg/ha) and straw yield (7865 kg/ha)of rice. Multiple parameters in the control treatment scenario indicated lower production and inadequate growth and development. The study revealed that application of100% RDN + 25% N as Pressmudbiocompost + PSB could be considered a better option for achieving the growth and yield attributes of TRY 3 under transplanted condition.
Agroecological aspects of cultivating granary crop for the restoration of degraded lands under arid zone: A review
Authors: TURKO S. YU. , RYBASHLYKOVA L. P. , VLASENKO M. V.
Published: January 2024

The review highlights the issues of distribution, agroecology, comparative assessment of productivity of the main species of the genus Agropyron and their use as phytomeliorants in the south of Russia in arid climatic conditions. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the experimental sites studied and established the timing of the phases of development of broad-leaved and narrow-leaved forms of the genus Agropyron. Discussed agroecological aspects of the cultivation of Agropyron species, which are widely used to restore the vegetation cover of degraded pastures and hayfields of arid zones, quickly take root, are preserved, provide soil stabilization and are a high-quality source of feed. To solve modern environmental problems and increase the efficiency of growing species of the genus Agropyron, new approaches are considered and practical recommendations for improving its forms in the future are proposed, based on the analysis of ecological, botanical, geographical and biological data.
Molecular characterization of Streptomyces using 16S rDNA isolated from potato, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: AMINISARTESHNIZI MEHRNOUSH
Published: January 2024

Streptomyces species are gram-positive and are the largest genus of Actinomycetota and the type genus of the family Streptomycetaceae. Over 500 species of Streptomyces bacteria have been described. Streptomyces includes several species that can be used as a biocontrol agent for managing plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi threatening the crops. Therefore, they become important bacteria for improving yields in potato production. This study was conducted to isolate and identify Streptomyces from a potato field in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Therefore, this molecular study was conducted in 2023 at Limpopo University to identify the bacterium associated with potato filed from South Africa's soils using 16S rDNA marker. The DNA was extracted using the Chelex method. The bacterium was identified as Streptomyces. The Nblast analysis showed South African Streptomyces has 99% similarity with a population from South Africa (HQ823600). Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood placed this species with those molecularly identified as Streptomyces in the same clade with highly supported (100) bootstrap values. In conclusion, this species was identified using 16S rDNA properly. However, using other DNA markers for a better understanding of Streptomyces phylogeny is recommended.
Phylogenetic position of Xiphinema oxycaudatum (Nematoda: Longidoridae) associated with maize using 28S rDNA from South Africa
Authors: AMINISARTESHNIZI MEHRNOUSH
Published: January 2024

Plant-parasitic nematodes are the main nematodes that live in the soil, causing yield loss in various crops. Since Xiphinema oxycaudatum is an ectoparasite, it can reduce crop yields by feeding on the roots of crops like maize. Correct identification of this species is crucial as maize is a vital crop in South Africa's Limpopo Province. Therefore, this molecular study was conducted in 2023 at Limpopo University to identify the nematode from South Africa's soils using 28S rDNA marker. The recovered nematode was extracted using the tray method, and then its DNA was extracted using the chelex method. The nematode was identified as Xiphinema. Afterward, 28S rDNA was amplified using specific primers to identify the nematode at the molecular level. The Nblast analysis based on the large subunit ribosomal DNA showed South African X. oxycaudatum had 99% similarity (MK966417) with the South African population. Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood placed this species with those molecularly identified as X. oxycaudatum in the same clade with highly supported (100) bootstrap values. While 28S rDNA was used to successfully identify this species, further investigation into the phylogeny of X. oxycaudatum will benefit from the addition of other rDNA markers such as ITS rDNA and mitochondrial DNA.
Development of non-phytotoxic concentration for Nemafric-BL phytonematicide on sweet potato cultivar 'Bophelo'
Authors: MALATJI K. P. , POFU K. M. , MASHELA P. W.
Published: January 2024

Phytonematicides are being used as an alternative to synthetic chemical nematicides for managing population densities of the root-knot (Meloidogyne species) nematodes in the production of crops. However, due to their origin from allelochemicals, phytonematicides have the potential of being phytotoxic and thereby inducing unintended crop losses. The incident is being managed through a computer-based model, which provides the non-phytotoxic concentration that should be applied at each application interval, with inherent attributes of being plant-specific. The objective of this study was to investigate the non-phytotoxic concentration of Nemafric-BL phytonematicide on sweet potato cv. 'Bophelo' and associated overall sensitivity (∑k) of the cultivar to the product. The trial was initiated during autumn (February-April) 2021 and validated in 2022 in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Geometric concentrations of the product, applied weekly, were randomly assigned with five replications. At 56 days after the treatment, plant variables were collected, prepared, and subjected to the computer-assisted model, with the non-phytotoxic concentration, Mean Concentration Stimulation Point (MCSP), computed at 2.18 % Nemafric-BL for cv. 'Bophelo', with (∑k) = 0. In conclusion, the application of 2.18 % Nemafric-BL would not induce phytotoxicity to sweet potato cv. 'Bophelo'.
Agro-economic evaluation on producing seeds of Sudanese grass in the steppe zone of the Lower Volga region of Russia
Authors: SOLONKIN A. V. , SUKHAREVA E. P. , BELIKINA A. V.
Published: January 2024

The creation of a lump base for the livestock industry in the Nizhnevolzhsky region requires expanding the range of feed that can provide a complete diet for farm animals. Introduction of annual fodder grasses into the field crop rotations of the region is recommended, of which one of them is Sudanese grass with undeniable nutritional value. However, the most cost-effective sowing method for obtaining high-quality seeds of Sudanese grass in the Lower Volga region of Russia is the pre-requisite. Therefore, this work was carried out in 2020 to 2022 In a two-factor experiment established in the dry steppe zone, where the influence of sowing methods on the yield of Sudanese grass seeds was studied. Two factors were studied: variety and method of sowing. The results of the experiment were made using dispersion analysis. The assessment of economic efficiency was determined using data on the cost of seeds according to the seed service of the Federal Scientific Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences for 2020-2022.It has been determined that the most effective way for producing seeds is wide-row with a width of 45 cm between the rows and a seeding rate of 1.2 million pieces. germinating seeds/ha. By sowing seeds in this way, an average yield of 1.81 t/ha was obtained. The profitability of seed production is 1.4 times higher than when sowing seeds of Sudanese grass in an ordinary way, with a row width of 15 cm, with a norm of 1.2 million pieces. seeds/ha the reliability of the results of the study was confirmed by analysis of variance, the studied factor as a result of the experiment is 73.7%.
Evaluation of the nutritive value and metal content of prevalent edible mushrooms in Bangladesh
Authors: BHATTACHARJYA DEBU KUMAR , SHAMSUZZAMAN MD , SEN ANUPOMA , MAFI ABDULLAH HEL , KAKON AKHTER JAHAN , SALWA MANNA , ROB MD. MAHFUZUR
Published: January 2024

Mushroom cultivation in Bangladesh has been on the rise, however, their nutrient and heavy metal content is not well investigated. Herein, prevalent cultivars and strains of five mushroom species (Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus sajor-caju, Pleurotus citrinopileatus, Auricularia auricula and Ganoderma lucidum) were analyzed for their nutritional values (total ash, lipid, crude fiber, protein and carbohydrates) as well as metal concentrations using standard methods. This study was conducted at the Laboratory of the Biochemistry Department at Sher-e Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January to December 2022. The proximate composition of mushrooms varied from 2.67–11.57%, 2.05-3.81%, 15.52-22.61%, 6.1-12.71% and 46.01-57.85% for total ash, lipid, crude fiber, protein and carbohydrates, respectively. The highest values of Fe, Mn, Zn, P, Ca, Mg, K, S and N were 315.87, 19.14, 267.96, 2.92, 1.07, 0.44, 4.62, 0.78 and 3.06 μg/g, respectively. Remarkably, the highest amounts of heavy metals, Pb (5.65 μg/g) and Cd (0.22 μg/g) were found in Pleurotus citrinopileatus, while Cr (3.22 μg/g) and Ni (1.65 μg/g) were found in a variety of Pleurotus ostreatus. The findings revealed that heavy metal concentrations in two mushroom varieties exceeded the maximum permissible limit recommended by WHO/FAO. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive analysis comparing the nutritional value and metal content of popular mushroom species of Bangladesh.
Influence of rejuvenating pruning on the potential productivity of the apple tree
Authors: USHKEMPIROVA GULNAZ , URAZAYEVA MARINA , KAZYBAYEVA SAULE , YEFREMOVA YULIYA
Published: January 2024

The period of operation of intensive orchards is 15 years. At the age of 6-7 years, the quality of fruits decreases sharply and the frequency of fruiting increases. In order to extend the productive period of the orchard, an experiment was laid on the effect of rejuvenating pruning on the productivity of an apple tree, depending on the variety-rootstock combination. In the course of this scientific study, in the period from 2020 to 2022, results were obtained indicating the presence of the potential for productivity of apple varieties of the Kazakhstani selection Voskhod and Talgarskoe on the introduced forms B 7-35, Arm 18 and the rootstock of the Kazakhstani selection Zhetysu 5 in which the solar radiation transmittance was from 0.45% to 0.77%. On this basis, all the studied varieties are superior to the control variant. It also improved the light space inside the tree crown, which increased the number of young growth points and contributed to the awakening of reserve buds. Young growing fruits, located in the middle and central parts of the crown, are better supplied with nutrients after pruning than before pruning.
Comparison of the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers during the autumn and spring tillering of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: SAPUNKOV V. L. , SEMINCHENKO E. V.
Published: January 2024

An important direction of modern agrotechnologies of crop production is the greening of intensive technologies and energy conservation, this contributes to the use of biological preparations that can increase yields, improve grain quality, increase profitability by saving mineral fertilizers and protective equipment. Therefore, field experiment was conducted during 2019-2021 in the dry-steppe zone of chestnut soils of the Volgograd region. The scheme of the experiment included four sites with late-autumn; early-spring; late-spring application dates and control, without the use of nitrogen fertilizers. All records and surveys were carried out according to the methodology of the state variety testing of agricultural crops: calculation of germination, determination of tillering coefficient, determination of the weight of aboveground biomass of plants, the density of productive stems. As a result of studying the issue conducted in various weather conditions of the test years, it was established that the period of application of nitrogen fertilizers had a significant impact on the growth, development and yield of experimental crops. The highest yield indicators were recorded at the time of early spring application of nitrogen fertilizers @ 38.0, 30.8 and 40.2 q/ha in 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. With the delay in the application of nitrogen fertilizers in the spring, the yield decreased by 8-13% during the observation period, and 32.94 28.2 and 35.8 q/ha in 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. The introduction of nitrogen fertilizers in autumn, as close as possible to the end of the growing season, led to a decrease in yield by only 2-4% and amounted to 36.5, 29.8 and 39.5 q/ha in 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively.
Impact of eco-physiological factors on the weed seed germination and emergence: A review on its role in weed management
Authors: FENG JING , YAKOB BAHRAN KNFE , OKBAGABIR SHIMENDI GDE , DEKIN GHEBRIEL OKBATINSAE , MAM ERICKSON TCHUDA LOPES , ZARGAR MEISAM
Published: January 2024

Dormancy is a typical feature of many weed seed populations, which makes forecasting the time and magnitude of weed emergence difficult. The mean minimum temperatures required for undergoing germination of different weed seeds varies considerably depending on the place of their origin as well as the season on which the plants grow. For instance, the temperature requirement for the germination of summer weeds was observed to be 40% higher than for the winter weeds. Decreasing the water potential from 0 Mpa (mega pascal) to -1.0 Mpa tends to reduce the germination capacity of many weed seeds with some seeds totally failing to germinate at -1.0 Mpa (Chloris truncate, Retama raetam). The effects of planting depth on seed germination and seedling growth of Aframomum citratum on varied soil types indicated that sowing depth greatly influenced the plant's cumulative germination percentage and early growth. The seeds of Sysimbrium officinale (L.), a summer annual species, displayed greater sensitivity to nitrates and lost dormancy throughout the winter. The germination of Thlaspi arvense was also discovered to be stimulated by nitrate only in the presence of light. Tilling the surface of soil has a positive impact in the weed seed germination, however if the tillage depth increases more than 9cm, it tends to lower down the germination of several weed species. However, weed seeds of Bernard grass are among the exceptions in which they germinate better at a shallow depth (2cm). The nature and the thickness of the mulching component influence the germination of weed seeds. Thicker mulches and mulching materials like pearl millet resulted in a greater suppression of the weed seed germination due to an increased allelopathic effects.
Precision nutrient management on the growth and productivity of Rabi maize (Zea mays L.) under light textured brown forest soils of Odisha
Authors: SAIRAM MASINA , MAITRA SAGAR , SAGAR LALICHETTI , KRISHNA TADIBOINA GOPALA , SAHOO UPASANA
Published: January 2024

Maize's high production potential, flexibility, and demand have led to a steady expansion of the land dedicated to growing the crop. Since maize is highly nutrient demanding crop, farmers are applying huge amount of nutrients which can lead to soil degradation and may cause environmental pollution. As an alternative for these circumstances, the present study was conducted on precision nutrient management in maize by using smart nutrient tools such as chlorophyll content meter (CCM) and leaf colour chart (LCC) and decision support systems, namely, nutrient expert (NE) for optimizing the nutrient requirement in maize. The current study was carried out for two consecutive years during Rabi season of 2021-22 and 2022-23 at P. G. Research Farm of M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Odisha. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 14 treatments and replicated thrice and tested on the high yielding hybrid ‘Pioneer P3396’ with recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) of 120:60:60 kg NPK/ha. The results clearly showed that precision nutrient management had a significant influence on growth, yield attributes and yield of maize. During both the seasons, the maximum plant height (244.3 and 256.7 cm), dry matter accumulation/plan (317.9 g and 323.4 g, stem girth (8.2 mm and 8.1 mm), number of cobs/plant (1.8 and 1.9), weight of the cob (238 g and 243 g), length of the cob (23.8 cm and 24.0 cm), grain yield (7850 kg/ha and 7950 kg/ha) and stover yield (12850 kg/ha and 12667 kg/ha) was found in the treatment consisting of ample dose of nitrogen and the other treatments such as 150% RDF and Sufficiency Index (SI) at 90-95% also performed better and remained at par with ample dose of nitrogen application during both the years. The experiment concluded that the application of primary nutrients, mainly, nitrogen in ample dose or in splits by considering CCM-based SI can be useful for optimization of nutrient requirement in Rabi maize for the light textured brown forest soils of Odisha.