bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel temperature-stable (1−m)Li2TiO3–mZn3Nb2O8 microwave dielectric ceramic
Authors: Zhang Yuanmou , Huang Yanwei , Wang Shiyuan , Zhang Yingchun
Published: October 2021

The novel (1 [Formula: see text]Li2TiO[Formula: see text]Zn3Nb2O8 ([Formula: see text] = 0.1, 0.16, 0.2, and 0.3) microwave dielectric ceramics were prepared by the solid-state reaction method. Phases and microstructures were analyzed by XRD and SEM, which showed the formation of Li2Zn(Ti[Formula: see text]Nb[Formula: see text]O8 solid solution instead of the coexistence of Li2TiO3 and Zn3Nb2O8. The formation of Li2Zn(Ti[Formula: see text]Nb[Formula: see text]O8 solid solution can be ascribed to the complex chemical reaction between Li2TiO3 and Zn3Nb2O8. The sintering behavior and microwave dielectric properties were investigated as functions of sintering temperatures and [Formula: see text] value. The 0.84Li2TiO[Formula: see text] 0.16Zn3Nb2O8 ceramics were well densified at 1100[Formula: see text]C and possessed excellent microwave dielectric properties with [Formula: see text] 18.05, [Formula: see text] ×[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] 25,791 GHz (at 10.02 GHz), and a near-zero [Formula: see text] value [Formula: see text]−6.09 ppm/°C because of the function of Li2Zn([Formula: see text]Nb[Formula: see text]O8 solid solution. It provides new candidates for the field of wireless communication technology.
Knowledge-driven material design platform based on the whole-process simulation and modeling
Authors: Peng Gongzhuang , Li Tie , Zhai Xiang , Liu Wenzheng , Zhang Heming
Published: October 2021

In order to realize the agility, collaboration and visualization of alloy material development process, a product development platform based on simulation and modeling technologies is established in this study. In this platform, the whole-process simulation module builds multi-level simulation models based on metallurgical mechanisms from the production line level, the thermo-mechanical coupling field level and the microstructure evolution level. The design knowledge management module represents the multi-source heterogeneous material design knowledge through ontology model, including customers’ requirement knowledge, material component knowledge, process design knowledge and quality inspection knowledge, and utilizes the case-based reasoning approach to reuse the knowledge. The data-driven modeling module applies machine learning algorithms to mine the relationships between product mechanical properties, material components, and process parameters from historical samples, and utilizes multi-objective optimization algorithms to find the optimal combination of process parameters. Application of the developed platform in actual steel mills shows that the proposed method helps to improve the efficiency of product design process.
Performance of Oversampled Polyphase Filterbank Inversion via Fourier Transform: Continuous Signals
Authors: Bunton J. D. , Comoretto G. , Morrison I. S. , Shaff D. C. , Deller A. T. , van Straten W. , Jameson A.
Published: October 2021

Signal channelization enables efficient frequency domain processing and is a mainstay of astronomical signal processing, but applications that require high time resolution necessitate reconstruction of the original wide band signal. In a previous paper, a near-perfect method of reconstructing a time-limited input signal from the output of an oversampled polyphase filterbank (PFB) was described. Here, we consider the case where continuous signals are processed. We show that the most simplistic approach, which utilizes non-overlapping windows and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) channelizer, introduces large errors whose magnitude can equal the signal. The ringing introduced by truncation at the end of a block, combined with the cyclic nature of FFTs, leads to errors that are concentrated at block boundaries. These localized errors can be heavily suppressed by utilizing overlapping windows and nearly completely eliminated by apodizing the data blocks with a Tukey window. After these improvements, the much smaller residual error is concentrated at the PFB channel boundaries and is due to adjacent channels having different gain slopes at the channel boundary. Increasing the channel passband equalizes the gain slope at the channel boundary, and the error is reduced further. With these changes, errors as low as −100[Formula: see text]dB are achieved, and the method of reconstructing the channelized data meets the stringent signal purity requirement for astronomical applications such as radio pulsar timing.
Core concepts in physiology: teaching homeostasis through pattern recognition
Authors: Chirillo Michael , Silverthorn Dee U. , Vujovic Predrag
Published: October 2021

Homeostasis is a core concept in systems physiology that future clinicians and biomedical professionals will apply in their careers. Despite this, many students struggle to transfer the principles governing homeostasis to concrete examples. Precourse assessments conducted on 72 undergraduate biology students enrolled in an introductory systems physiology course at the University of Belgrade during the February–May semester of 2021 revealed that students had a vague, fragmentary understanding of homeostasis and its related concepts that was often conflated with topics touched on during their previous coursework. We formalized and implemented an approach to teaching homeostasis that focused heavily on consistent reinforcement of physiological reflex patterns throughout the course. To that end, we employed a variety of activities aimed at getting students to view organ system integration holistically. After the semester, postcourse assessment demonstrated that students were better able to provide concrete examples of organ system contributions to homeostasis and were more adept at applying basic principles to novel physiological scenarios. Comparison of final grades with previous semesters revealed that students outperformed their peers who had taken the course previously. In this article, we summarize the findings of pre- and postcourse assessments, describe the general approach we took to teaching homeostasis as well as the specific techniques used in the classroom, and compare student performance with previous semesters.
CTRP6 rapidly responds to acute nutritional changes, regulating adipose tissue expansion and inflammation in mice
Authors: Lahav Rotem , Haim Yulia , Bhandarkar Nikhil S. , Levin Liron , Chalifa-Caspi Vered , Sarver Dylan , Sahagun Ageline , Maixner Nitzan , Kovesh Barr , Wong G. William , Rudich Assaf
Published: October 2021

CTRP6 (C1qTNF6), a member of adiponectin gene family, regulates inflammation and metabolism in established obesity. Here, short-term high-fat feeding in mice is shown to increase adipose tissue expression of CTRP6 before changes in the expression of classical inflammatory genes occur. Conversely, CTRP6 expression in adipose tissue decreases early in the course of obesity reversal. Gain- and loss-of-function models suggest CTRP6 as a positive regulator of inflammatory cascades, and a negative regulator of adipogenesis and adipose tissue expansion.
Renal cell markers: lighthouses for managing renal diseases
Authors: Agarwal Shivangi , Sudhini Yashwanth R. , Polat Onur K. , Reiser Jochen , Altintas Mehmet M.
Published: October 2021

Kidneys, one of the vital organs in our body, are responsible for maintaining whole body homeostasis. The complexity of renal function (e.g., filtration, reabsorption, fluid and electrolyte regulation, and urine production) demands diversity not only at the level of cell types but also in their overall distribution and structural framework within the kidney. To gain an in depth molecular-level understanding of the renal system, it is imperative to discern the components of kidney and the types of cells residing in each of the subregions. Recent developments in labeling, tracing, and imaging techniques have enabled us to mark, monitor, and identify these cells in vivo with high efficiency in a minimally invasive manner. In this review, we summarize different cell types, specific markers that are uniquely associated with those cell types, and their distribution in the kidney, which altogether make kidneys so special and different. Cellular sorting based on the presence of certain proteins on the cell surface allowed for the assignment of multiple markers for each cell type. However, different studies using different techniques have found contradictions in cell type-specific markers. Thus, the term “cell marker” might be imprecise and suboptimal, leading to uncertainty when interpreting the data. Therefore, we strongly believe that there is an unmet need to define the best cell markers for a cell type. Although the compendium of renal-selective marker proteins presented in this review is a resource that may be useful to researchers, we acknowledge that the list may not be necessarily exhaustive.
Application of Transfer Learning Algorithm and Real Time Speech Detection in Music Education Platform
Authors: Shen Hexue
Published: October 2021

Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning (ML) and neural networks (NN), has various applications and has sparked a lot of interest in the recent years due to its superior performance in a variety of tasks. Automatic speech recognition (ASR) is a technique that is becoming more important with the passage of time and is being used in our daily lives. Speech recognition is an important application of ML and NN, which is the auditory system of machines that realize the communication between humans and machines. In general, speech recognition methods are divided into three types, i.e., based on the channel model and speech knowledge method, template matching scheme, and the use of NN method. The main problem associated with the existing speech recognition methods is the low recognition accuracy and more computation time. In order to overcome the problem of low recognition accuracy of existing speech recognition techniques, a speech recognition technology based on the combination of deep convolution neural network (DCNN) algorithm and transfer learning techniques, i.e., VGG-16, is proposed in this study. Due to the limited application range of DCNN, when the input and output parameters are changed, it is necessary to reconstruct the model that leads to a long training time of the architecture. Therefore, the migration learning method is conducive to reducing the size of the dataset. Various experiments have been performed using different dataset constructs. The simulation results show that transfer learning is not only suitable for the comparison between the source dataset and the target dataset, but also suitable for two different datasets. The application of small datasets not only reduces the time and cost of dataset generation, but also reduces the training time and the requirement of computing power. From the experimental results, it is quite obvious that the proposed system performed better than the existing speech recognition methods, and its performance is superior in terms of recognition accuracy than the other approaches.
Mechanisms of Kidney Cell Pyroptosis in Chronic Kidney Disease and the Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Ding Baozhu , Ma Guoping , Wang Zinuo , Liang Wenjie , Gao Weifang
Published: October 2021

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health issue that is highly prevalent worldwide. Pyroptosis is an important pathological mechanism underlying kidney cell damage in CKD and is associated with the classic caspase-1-mediated pathway and nonclassic caspase-4/5/11-mediated pathway. The NLRP3-caspase-1-GSDMD signaling pathway is the key mechanism of kidney cell pyroptosis in CKD, and noncoding RNAs such as lncRNAs and miRNAs are important regulators of kidney cell pyroptosis in CKD. In addition, the NLRP1/AIM2-caspase-1-GSDMD and caspase-3-GSDME signaling pathways have also been shown to mediate kidney cell pyroptosis. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and extracts can interfere with the occurrence and development of kidney cell pyroptosis in CKD by inhibiting the NLRP3 signaling pathway and oxidative stress, activating Nrf-2 signaling, protecting mitochondrial integrity, regulating AMPK signaling, and regulating TXNIP/NLRP3 axis, which have become increasingly prominent. It is critical to explore the effects of TCM on kidney cell pyroptosis in CKD and its mechanisms to identify targets and develop new and effective drugs.
Robust Localization in Distributed MIMO Radar Using Delay and Angle Measurements with Impulsive Noise Robust TD/AOA Localization in Impulsive Noise
Authors: Huang Genling , Zhu Yanlong
Published: October 2021

This paper considers target localization using time delay (TD) and angle of arrival (AOA) measurements in distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar. Aiming at the problem that the localization performance of existing algorithms degrades sharply in the presence of impulsive noise, we propose a novel localization algorithm based on

ℓ

p

-norm minimization and iteratively reweighted least squares (IRLS). Firstly, the TD and AOA measurement equations are established in the presence of zero-mean symmetric α-stable noise; then, the localization problem is transformed to a

ℓ

p

-norm minimization problem by linearizing the measurement equations; and finally, the

ℓ

p

-norm minimization problem is solved using IRLS by which the target position estimate is obtained, and the optimal choice of norm order

p

is deduced. Moreover, the Cramér–Rao bound (CRB) for target position estimation in impulsive noise is also derived, generalizing the Gaussian CRB. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing algorithms in terms of localization accuracy and robustness in impulsive noise.
Experimental Study on Seismic Behavior of Precast Frame Columns with Vertical Reinforcement Spliced with Grouted Sleeve Lapping Connectors
Authors: Yu Qiong , Zhang Liang , Bai Shaohua , Fan Baoxiu , Chen Zhenhai , Li Ling-Zhi
Published: October 2021

Grouted splice connector is widely employed in precast concrete structures, but its utilization is still limited by shortcomings such as high construction cost, inconvenience in assemblage, and uncompacted grout caused by its small sleeve diameter. The grouted sleeve lapping connectors proposed by the authors can not only provide reasonable force transfer and convenient construction processing but also have the characteristics of low price and easy grouting. In this paper, the seismic performance of two full‐scale precast concrete columns with two types of grouted sleeve lapping connectors was investigated, where type‐I connector connected two lapped rebars and type‐II connector connected four lapped rebars by a steel sleeve, respectively. A cast‐in‐situ column was also tested as a reference. All the specimens were tested under reversed cyclic horizontal load with a constant axial force. The distribution of cracks, failure modes, loading capacities, deformation abilities, stiffness, ductility, hysteresis loops, and energy dissipation of the specimens were studied. The type‐I and type‐II grouted sleeve lapping connectors satisfactorily transferred the stress of rebars when the columns reached their ultimate loads, and the seismic performance of the precast concrete columns was found to be comparable to that of the cast‐in‐situ column. Thus, the grouted sleeve lapping connector has a potential to replace the grouted splice connector in cast‐in‐situ connection.
Ovarian Cancer Risk Scores Based on Immune-Related Pseudogenes to Predict Overall Survival and Guide Immunotherapy and Chemotherapy
Authors: Zhao Jie , Zhao Rixiang , Wei Xiaocen , Jiang Xiaojing , Su Fan
Published: October 2021

Background. Ovarian cancer (OC) is the top of the aggressive malignancies in females with a poor survival rate. However, the roles of immune-related pseudogenes (irPseus) in the immune infiltration of OC and the impact on overall survival (OS) have not been adequately studied. Therefore, this study aims to identify a novel model constructed by irPseus to predict OS in OC and to determine its significance in immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Methods. In this study, with the use of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) combined with Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), 55 differentially expressed irPseus (DEirPseus) were identified. Then, we constructed 10 irPseus pairs with the help of univariate, Lasso, and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The prognostic performance of the model was determined and measured by the Kaplan–Meier curve, a time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results. After dividing OC subjects into high- and low-risk subgroups via the cut-off point, it was revealed that subjects in the high-risk group had a shorter OS. The multivariate Cox regression performed between the model and multiple clinicopathological variables revealed that the model could effectively and independently predict the prognosis of OC. The prognostic model characterized infiltration by various kinds of immune cells and demonstrated the immunotherapy response of subjects with cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1), and anti-PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) therapy. A high risk score was related to a higher inhibitory concentration (IC50) for etoposide (

P
=
0.0099

) and mitomycin C (

P
=
0.0013

). Conclusion. It was the first study to identify a novel signature developed by DEirPseus pairs and verify the role in predicting OS, immune infiltrates, immunotherapy, and chemosensitivity. The irPseus are vital factors predicting the prognosis of OC and could act as a novel potential treatment target.
Repeatability and Reproducibility of SMTube Measurement in Dry Eye Disease Patients
Authors: Hao Yiran , Tian Lei , Cao Kai , Jie Ying
Published: October 2021

Purpose. To evaluate the intraobserver repeatability and interobserver reproducibility of Strip Meniscometry Tube (SMTube) and determine the correlations among the SMTube measurements and other ocular examinations in dry eye disease (DED) patients. Methods. The study recruited 73 eyes of 49 DED patients. Every subject was subjected to the following five measurements sequentially: the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, Tear Meniscus Height (TMH) assessment, SMTube measurements, tear film breakup time (BUT) examination, and Schirmer I test (SIT). The repeatability and reproducibility of the measurements were assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Bland–Altman analysis, and the correlations were evaluated by the Spearman rank-order correlation. Results. The repeatability and reproducibility of the SMTube measurements were good in DED patients. The ICCs between the repeatability and reproducibility of the SMTube measurements were 0.789 and 0.741, respectively, and the Bland–Altman 95% limits of the repeatability and the reproducibility were −1.726 to 1.658 and −0.967 to 1.474, respectively (all

P
<
0.01

). The SMTube measurements had correlations with TMH, BUT, and SIT. The Spearman rank correlation coefficients between SMTube and TMH; SMTube and Schirmer I test; and SMTube and BUT were 0.632, 0.617, and 0.653, respectively (all

P
<
0.01

). Conclusions. The measurements of the SMTube may provide a novel, swift, noninvasive, and convenient approach to screen and diagnose DED with acceptable repeatability and reproducibility and specific correlations with TMH, BUT, and SIT.
Influence of Hayao Miyazaki’s Animation on the Cross‐Cultural Spread of Japanese Traditional Culture under the Background of 5G and Wireless Communication
Authors: Li Chenmei
Published: October 2021

The development of 5G technology has brought tremendous changes to all areas of social life, especially in the external communication of culture; the increasing effect of 5G technology has become more obvious. All kinds of new media are constantly emerging, and the expression of cultural products is more diversified, and they also have certain characteristics of their own national cultural symbols. As one of the important representatives of Japanese modern and contemporary culture, animation works have made extremely outstanding contributions in promoting the spread of Japanese culture. Japanese animation is not only second to none in Asia but has also many fans all over the world. This article takes the characteristics of Hayao Miyazaki Animation’s external communication under the background of 5G as the starting point and deeply analyzes the impact of technological background changes on the external communication of Japanese traditional culture. Through data comparison, it is found that with the support of 5G technology, people’s habit of watching videos has changed a lot, from mobile terminals and short videos in the 4G era to large‐screen projections and long animations in the 5G era. In a certain sense formed the return of the animation viewing form to the television era at the end of the last century. The number of video clicks on major websites shows that the number of Japanese animation products represented by Hayao Miyazaki Animation has increased significantly. Moreover, the age and occupation coverage of the audience is also very wide. The survey shows that people’s appreciation of Hayao Miyazaki’s animation at this stage is not only the attractiveness of the plot itself, but the deep meaning behind the animation is also the focus of attracting them. This gives Hayao Miyazaki Animation a higher level of appreciation value, that is, guiding countries that have suffered from the side effects of industrial civilization to rethink the relationship between ruleism and development speed. The research results suggest that the development of 5G technology has given traditional Japanese animation new characteristics in the dissemination of it and directly affected the cross‐cultural dissemination effect of Japanese traditional culture. Discover the essence of respecting nature and observing rules in Japanese traditional culture to better serve our social development.
Simulation Model of Sports Entrepreneurship Performance Based on Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Ma Chao , Chen Weiqi , Tian Yuge
Published: October 2021

Entrepreneurship has become the choice of many young people today, and many sports entrepreneurs have joined it. However, the entrepreneurial performance of sports entrepreneurs cannot be effectively guaranteed. Therefore, the design of the simulation model of the early warning management system of entrepreneurial performance is extremely urgent. It is based on the wireless sensor network that provides an important guarantee for the model design. Therefore, it is necessary to study the simulation model of sports entrepreneurship performance early warning management system based on wireless sensor network. The purpose of this paper is to start with the research on the simulation model of sports entrepreneurship performance early warning management system based on wireless sensor networks, select entrepreneurs from a sports university in our city as the analysis object, establish a wireless sensor sports entrepreneurship performance early warning management system simulation model, and then conduct multidimensional comparison. The research results show that the entrepreneurial performance of entrepreneurial projects continues to rise quarter by quarter. By the fourth quarter, product growth rates, labor productivity, and return on net assets had all increased by about 20%, while the turnover rate remained within the range of 20%‐25%. It can be seen that the research on the simulation model of sports entrepreneurship performance early warning management system based on wireless sensor network can effectively improve the competitiveness of entrepreneurial projects.
An Adaptive Trend Index‐Driven Remaining Useful Life Prediction Method for Renewable Energy Vehicle Reducers
Authors: Chen Feng , Li Weilin , Weng Wenxiang , Sheng Xiaoyv , Lyu Binghai , Yang Qinghua , Zhang Libin
Published: October 2021

Renewable energy vehicle reducers are now being developed towards achieving high‐speeds, high‐torque, and high‐integration and intelligent trends. Its performance also determines the operation state and reliability of vehicles. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct the online condition assessment and remaining useful life predictions for renewable energy vehicle reducers. In those methods, the trend index construction is one of the most crucial steps. Hence, an adaptive trend index‐driven remaining useful life prediction method is proposed to conduct condition assessment and prediction of renewable energy vehicle reducers. Firstly, an adaptive trend index is constructed, where the difference of the Fourier amplitude spectrum between the initial state and the current state is calculated to present the health trend index. Secondly, the reducer’s performance degradation model is built. In order to conduct remaining useful life prediction, the particle filtering is used to update the parameters of the reducer’s performance degradation model with the constructed adaptive trend index. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, an accelerated life test is conducted on a three‐motor test bed to achieve the life‐cycle data of reducers. The proposed method is verified with the obtained data and compared with the commonly used ARIMA model. The test results show that the proposed method achieves better results than the traditional methods. It means that the proposed method is a potential one for the real‐time monitoring of the health state of renewable energy vehicle reducers.
Universal Evolutionary Model for Periodical Species
Authors: Goles Eric , Slapnicar Ivan , Lardies Marco A.
Published: October 2021

Real‐world examples of periodical species range from cicadas, whose life cycles are large prime numbers, like 13 or 17, to bamboos, whose periods are large multiples of small primes, like 40 or even 120. The periodicity is caused by interaction of species, be it a predator‐prey relationship, symbiosis, commensalism, or competition exclusion principle. We propose a simple mathematical model, which explains and models all those principles, including listed extremal cases. This rather universal, qualitative model is based on the concept of a local fitness function, where a randomly chosen new period is selected if the value of the global fitness function of the species increases. Arithmetically speaking, the different interactions are related to only four principles: given a couple of integer periods either (1) their greatest common divisor is one, (2) one of the periods is prime, (3) both periods are equal, or (4) one period is an integer multiple of the other.
Utility Optimization of Federated Learning with Differential Privacy
Authors: Zhao Jianzhe , Mao Keming , Huang Chenxi , Zeng Yuyang
Published: October 2021

Secure and trusted cross-platform knowledge sharing is significant for modern intelligent data analysis. To address the trade-off problems between privacy and utility in complex federated learning, a novel differentially private federated learning framework is proposed. First, the impact of data heterogeneity of participants on global model accuracy is analyzed quantitatively based on 1-Wasserstein distance. Then, we design a multilevel and multiparticipant dynamic allocation method of privacy budget to reduce the injected noise, and the utility can be improved efficiently. Finally, they are integrated, and a novel adaptive differentially private federated learning algorithm (A-DPFL) is designed. Comprehensive experiments on redefined non-I.I.D MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets are conducted, and the results demonstrate the superiority of model accuracy, convergence, and robustness.
Framework of the Smart Finance and Accounting Management Model under the Artificial Intelligence Perspective
Authors: Chen Yaping
Published: October 2021

With the establishment of modern enterprise systems and the emergence of some large-scale enterprise groups formed through asset reorganization, industry alliances, and cross-industry mergers, new requirements have been put forward for the financial management mode of enterprise groups. This article mainly studies the development of the smart accounting management model architecture under the artificial intelligence perspective. On the accounting sharing service platform, the accounting sharing center does not belong to the logistics branch of any region. Through the accounting sharing center, it provides unified and standardized accounting, asset management, currency revenue and expenditure, etc., for the branches of the logistics company. At the same time, in the network environment, the financial and accounting sharing platform is not unilaterally closed. As each branch under unified management, it has the power to feedback, suggest, and supervise the financial and accounting sharing platform. When testing, one only needs to focus on the external properties of the program, without considering the internal logical structure and internal characteristics of the program at all. The system under test is regarded as a sealed black box, and the boundary value analysis method, the equivalence class division method, and causality are used. Technical methods such as the graph method and error speculation method are tested at the system interface to detect whether the function of each test can receive and output the results correctly. The implementation of the accounting management model of accounting shared services must ensure that the evaluation results of related work are objective and accurate. It is necessary to ensure that the evaluation index system has a high degree of quantification. In the specific scoring, the full score system can be used to score points by experts to ensure the objectivity of the evaluation results and accuracy while improving the operability and enforceability of the evaluation work. The average value of the operating net profit margin is 0.088731, and the median value is 0.082263. The results show that artificial intelligence technology has greatly promoted the development of the smart accounting management model architecture.
Exploring the Feasibility of Ventilation without Shafts for an Ultralong Subsea Tunnel in the Bohai Strait Channel
Authors: Wu Yimin , Xu Peng , Liang Weiming , Shao Shuai , Hu Kaixun , Zhang Jiawei , Wu Haoran , Zhuang Guangzheng
Published: October 2021

The Bohai Strait Channel (BSC) is a strategic infrastructure project connecting the Shandong Peninsula and northeastern China. One challenge related to building the BSC tunnel portion is that ventilation shafts cannot be constructed due to certain limitations, which leads to a barrier for ventilation design. To explore the feasibility of ventilation without shafts, we first compare the tunnel ventilation design methods in China and the European Union. We also present the development process of emission standards, base emission rates, and design concentration values. Then, a new ventilation calculation for the BSC tunnel with reference values from the World Road Association (PIARC) is presented. The results show that the longitudinal ventilation design without shafts is feasible under normal traffic conditions when adopting values designed by PIARC under both the Chinese method and the European method. Furthermore, the influence of new energy vehicles and the necessity of ventilation rate on ventilation design are discussed. We suggest considering new energy vehicle fire situations and ignoring the ventilation rate for BSC tunnels. We hope to provide a strong reference for the ventilation design of BSC tunnels and for the improvement of relative ventilation codes in China.
Analysis of the Mechanism of Breast Metastasis Based on Image Recognition and Ultrasound Diagnosis
Authors: Huang Yihong , Zheng Shuo , Lai Baoyong
Published: October 2021

Breast cancer is one of the cancers with the highest incidence among women. In the late stage, cancer cells may metastasize to a distance, causing multiple organ diseases, threatening the lives of patients. The detection of lymph node metastasis based on pathological images is a key indicator for the diagnosis and staging of breast cancer, and correct staging decisions are the prerequisite and basis for targeted treatment. At present, the detection of lymph node metastasis mainly relies on manual screening by pathologists, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the diagnosis results are variable and subjective. The automatic staging method based on the panoramic image calculation of the sentinel lymph node of the breast proposed in this paper can provide a set of standardized, high-accuracy, and repeatable objective diagnosis results. However, it is very difficult to automatically detect and locate cancer metastasis areas in highly complex panoramic images of lymph nodes. This paper proposes a novel deep network training strategy based on the sliding window to train an automatic localization model of cancer metastasis area. The training strategy first trains the initial convolutional network in a small amount of data, extracts false-positive and false-negative image blocks, and uses manual screening combined with automatic network screening to reclassify the false-positive blocks to improve the class of negative categories. Using mammography, ultrasound, MRI, and 18F-FDG PET-CT examinations, the detection rate and diagnostic accuracy of primary cancers in the breast of patients with axillary lymph node metastasis as the first diagnosis were obtained. The detection rate and diagnostic accuracy of breast MRI for primary cancers in the breast are much higher than those of X-ray, ultrasound, and 18F-FDG PET-CT (all

P

values <0.001). Mammography, ultrasound, and PET-CT examinations showed no difference in the detection rate and diagnostic accuracy of primary cancers in the breast of patients with axillary lymph node metastasis as the first diagnosis. Breast MRI should be used as a routine examination for patients with axillary lymph node metastasis as the first diagnosis. The primary breast cancer in the first diagnosed patients with axillary lymph node metastasis is often presented as localized asymmetric compactness or calcification on X-ray; it often appears as small focal mass lesions and ductal lesions without three-dimensional space-occupying effect on ultrasound.
[Retracted] An Analysis of the Effectiveness of Machine Learning Theory in the Evaluation of Education and Teaching
Authors: Wu Bo , Zheng Changlong
Published: October 2021

Artificial intelligence was first proposed in the 1950s, when it was only a forward‐looking concept. If machines can have the same learning ability as human beings and the computing power of computers themselves, this concept has been placed high hopes. Until about 2010, with the explosion of data volume and the improvement of computer performance, machine learning has become a leader in breaking through the bottleneck of artificial intelligence. Research on machine learning in education and teaching has attracted much attention. From the above research status, we can see that in the current period of the vigorous development of machine learning, many applications are still not perfect and ordinary education and teaching evaluation is difficult to meet people’s requirements, so how to gradually improve its effectiveness is a significant goal with research significance and practical interests. However, in the environment of colleges and universities, prediction information and evaluation methods have important application value and development space in education and teaching. In this context, according to the theory of machine science, the effectiveness of several conventional prediction and evaluation methods is analyzed. In this paper, machine learning theory is used to study college students’ performance prediction and credit evaluation, as well as teaching quality evaluation and comprehensive ability evaluation in colleges and universities. Questionnaire survey is used to investigate and analyze the results. The effectiveness of machine theory in teaching is analyzed. It is found that machine learning has great advantages in education and teaching evaluation. It builds models in complex computing environment and is not affected by human factors; the effectiveness of prediction and evaluation is significant.
The Utility of Chest Imaging for Surveillance of Atypical Lipomatous Tumors
Authors: Lazarides Alexander L. , Ferlauto Harrison R. , Burke Zachary D. C. , Griffin Anthony M. , Leckey Bruce D. , Bernthal Nicholas M. , Wunder Jay S. , Ferguson Peter C. , Visgauss Julia D. , Brigman Brian E. , Eward William C.
Published: October 2021

Synopsis. For ALTs, the utility of chest surveillance has not been well defined. This study suggests that chest imaging does not have a significant role in the surveillance of ALTs. Advanced local imaging and more intensive chest surveillance may be considered in cases of local recurrence. Background. Unlike other soft tissue sarcomas, atypical lipomatous tumors (ALTs) are thought to have a low propensity for metastasis. Despite this, a standard of care for pulmonary metastasis (PM) surveillance has not been established. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of chest imaging for PM surveillance following ALT excision. Methods. This was a multi-institution, retrospective review of all patients with primary ALTs of the extremities or superficial torso who underwent excision between 2006 and 2018. Minimum follow-up was two years. Long-term survival was evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results. 190 patients with ALT were included. Average age was 61.7 years and average follow-up was 58.6 months (24 to 180 months). MDM2 testing was positive in 88 patients (46.3%), and 102 (53.7%) did not receive MDM2 testing. 188 patients (98.9%) had marginal excision, and 127 (66.8%) had marginal or positive margins. Patients received an average of 0.9 CT scans and 1.3 chest radiographs over the surveillance period. 10-year metastasis-free survival was 100%, with no documented deaths from disease. Conclusions. This study suggests that chest imaging does not have a significant role in PM surveillance following ALT excision, but advanced local imaging and chest surveillance may be considered in cases of local recurrence or concern for dedifferentiation.
Preparation of Carbopol 934 Based Ketorolac Tromethamine Buccal Mucoadhesive Film: In Vitro, Ex Vivo, and In Vivo Assessments
Authors: Begum M. Yasmin , Alqahtani Ali , Ghazwani Mohammed , Ramakrishna M. M. , Hani Umme , Atiya Akhtar , Rahamathulla Mohamed
Published: October 2021

The goal of present investigation was to formulate and evaluate ketorolac tromethamine (KTM) mucoadhesive buccal films. The films were prepared by solvent evaporation method using PVP K30, HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M, carbopol 934, chitosan, and sodium alginate as polymers and propylene glycol as plasticizer. The films were evaluated for thickness, weight variation, folding endurance, surface pH, swelling index, in vitro residence time, in vitro diffusion, release kinetics, ex vivo permeation, in vitro-ex vivo correlation, and in vivo pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. Thickness, weight, drug content, and folding endurance were found to be uniform for the films. Surface pH was

6.85
±
0.10

, and swelling index was the highest (

27.27
±
0.37

) for the best film containing carbopol 934 along with sodium alginate and PVP K 30 (formulation code F2). In vitro residence time was greater than 5 h, and in vitro % drug release was 98.71% for F2. It exhibited 55.49% of swelling inhibition at 5 h, and above 38.88% was maintained at even 8 h. The film F2 has shown maximum analgesic response of 17 sec at 5 h, and the response of 11 sec was maintained at even 8 h. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of F2 was found be maximum while sustaining the effect for prolonged period when compared to free drug solution. Thus, KTM mucoadhesive buccal film containing carbopol 934, sodium alginate, and PVP K30 could be an effective alternative for conventional therapy with improved efficacy.
Analysis of Soil Resistance under Horizontal Load of Rigid Antislide Pile
Authors: Song Zhenyu , Kong Yuanyuan , Wang Siqi , Zhao Weifeng , Chen Lu , Feng Kai
Published: October 2021

In order to study the bearing characteristics and failure mechanism of the rigid antislide pile under horizontal load, the stress of rigid antislide pile under transverse axial large displacement load is analyzed by using elastic-plastic theory, finite element analysis, and model test. The theoretical formula of the proximal plastic earth pressure near the pile with the depth of soil under the horizontal force is obtained. The results show that the standard is insensitive to the variation of soil parameters and the influence of soil parameters on allowable soil resistance in front of pile should be considered. With the increase of the horizontal force of the pile top, the soil near the pile is destroyed in this process gradually, which is the decline of the cross section of the maximum soil resistance of the pile. When the horizontal displacement of pile top is 20 mm and 70 mm, the soil resistance value and the ultimate soil resistance value in front of the pile can be selected, respectively. The plastic zone develops to the front and bottom of the pile at the same speed, at an angle of 45° with the direction of gravity. When the displacement reaches 34 mm, the plastic zone develops to the deeper depth obviously. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the design and application of antislide piles during the process of slope protections.
Identification of Significant Genes in Lung Cancer of Nonsmoking Women via Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Wang Yu , Hu Sibo , Bai Xianguang , Zhang Ke , Yu Ruixue , Xia Xichao , Zheng Xinhua
Published: October 2021

Background. The aim of this study was to identify potential key genes, proteins, and associated interaction networks for the development of lung cancer in nonsmoking women through a bioinformatics approach. Methods. We used the GSE19804 dataset, which includes 60 lung cancer and corresponding paracancerous tissue samples from nonsmoking women, to perform the work. The GSE19804 microarray was downloaded from the GEO database and differentially expressed genes were identified using the limma package analysis in R software, with the screening criteria of p value < 0.01 and ∣log2 fold change (FC) | >2. Results. A total of 169 DEGs including 130 upregulated genes and 39 downregulated were selected. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analysis were performed using the DAVID website, and protein‐protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed and the hub gene module was screened through STING and Cytoscape. Conclusions. We obtained five key genes such as GREM1, MMP11, SPP1, FOSB, and IL33 which were strongly associated with lung cancer in nonsmoking women, which improved understanding and could serve as new therapeutic targets, but their functionality needs further experimental verification.
Efficacy and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Diabetes and Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Cao Bo , Yao Xingcan , Zhang Lifang , Hu Xiaobo , Chen Min , Shen Mingfeng , Xu Lan
Published: October 2021

Background. This meta-analysis was performed to compare the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) for stroke prevention in real-world patients with diabetes and nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) through observational studies. Methods. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched up to August 2020 for eligible studies. Outputs were presented as risk ratios (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by using a random-effect model. Results. Seven observational studies involving 249,794 diabetic NVAF patients were selected. Compared with VKAs, the use of DOACs was associated with significantly reduced risks of stroke (

RR
=
0.56

, 95% CI 0.45-0.70;

p
<
0.00001

), ischemic stroke (

RR
=
0.61

, 95% CI 0.48-0.78;

p
<
0.0001

), stroke or systemic embolism (SSE) (

RR
=
0.81

, 95% CI 0.68-0.95;

p
=
0.01

), myocardial infarction (

RR
=
0.69

, 95% CI 0.55-0.88;

p
=
0.002

), major bleeding (

RR
=
0.75

, 95% CI 0.63-0.90;

p
=
0.002

), intracranial hemorrhage (

RR
=
0.50

, 95% CI 0.44-0.56;

p
<
0.00001

), and major gastrointestinal bleeding (

RR
=
0.77

, 95% CI 0.62-0.95;

p
=
0.02

), and a borderline significant decrease in major adverse cardiac events (

RR
=
0.87

, 95% CI 0.75-1.00;

p
=
0.05

) in NVAF patients with diabetes. Conclusion. For patients with NVAF and diabetes in real-world clinical settings, DOACs showed superior efficacy and safety profile over VKAs and significantly reduced risks of stroke, ischemic stroke, SSE, myocardial infarction, major bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage, and major gastrointestinal bleeding.
Approximation of Elliptic Functions by Means of Trigonometric Functions with Applications
Authors: Salas Alvaro H. , Martinez Lorenzo J. H. , Ocampo R. David L. R.
Published: October 2021

In this work, we give approximate expressions for Jacobian and elliptic Weierstrass functions and their inverses by means of the elementary trigonometric functions, sine and cosine. Results are reasonably accurate. We show the way the obtained results may be applied to solve nonlinear ODEs and other problems arising in nonlinear physics. The importance of the results in this work consists on giving easy and accurate way to evaluate the main elliptic functions cn, sn, and dn, as well as the Weierstrass elliptic function and their inverses. A general principle for solving some nonlinear problems through elementary functions is stated. No similar approach has been found in the existing literature.
The Effects of Qigong for Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Dong Xiaosheng , Shi Zhenguo , Ding Meng , Yi Xiangren
Published: October 2021

Background. Hypertension has been a global public health problem. Qigong as a complementary and alternative therapy is often used to reduce blood pressure. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of Qigong on blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Methods. Six electronic resource databases were searched from inception to January 2019, and randomized controlled trials of Qigong on hypertension were retrieved. Meta-analysis was conducted according to the guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration, and Review Manager 5.3 was applied. Two researchers independently identified articles to include based on inclusion/exclusion criteria, data extraction, and quality evaluation. Results. Fourteen studies, with 829 individuals, were included. The meta-analysis demonstrates that, compared with no exercise, Qigong has significant positive effects on systolic blood pressure (mean difference = −8.90, 95% CI (−12.13, −5.67),

P
<
0.00001

) and diastolic blood pressure (mean difference = −5.02, 95% CI (−7.88, −2.17),

P
<
0.00001

). There is, however, no significant difference between Qigong and other aerobic exercises in reducing blood pressure. Conclusion. Qigong can effectively reduce blood pressure levels. Longer-term engagement in the practice has an even better effect in hypertension patients. However, the conclusion of this study still needs to be verified by more high-quality studies.