bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benefit Corporations Approach to Environmental, Social and Governance Disclosure: A Focus on Italy
Authors: Sciarelli Mauro , Cosimato Silvia , Landi Giovanni
Published: July 2020

Over the last decades, Benefit Corporations arouse as a new corporate structure, alternative to traditional ones and pointing to offer a new approach to the management of business and sustainability issues. These companies' activities are statutory aimed at bridging for-profit and no-profit activities; thus, they intentionally and statutory pursue economic purposes together with social and environmental ones, to create a positive impact on economy, society and environment. Even though, Italian and other national laws set some specific disclosure duties for Benefit Corporations, especially in terms of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) issues, the literature still calls for further research on the topic. Therefore, this paper is aimed at contributing to bridge this gap, investigating the way Italian Benefit Corporations approach ESG disclosure. To this end, an exploratory analysis has been conducted, implementing a qualitative method, based on a multiple case study strategy. Even though the descriptive nature of the study, the achieved findings pointed out that the Benefit Corporation structure not necessarily implies a better approach to ESG.
Comparison of swarm intelligence algorithms for optimized band selection of hyperspectral remote sensing image
Authors: Xiaohui Ding , Huapeng Li , Yong Li , Ji Yang , Shuqing Zhang
Published: July 2020

Swarm intelligence algorithms have been widely used in the dimensional reduction of hyperspectral remote sensing imagery. The ant colony algorithm (ACA), the clone selection algorithm (CSA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and the genetic algorithm (GA) are the most representative swarm intelligence algorithms and have often been used as subset generation procedures in the selection of optimal band subsets. However, studies on their comparative performance for band selection have been rare. For this paper, we employed ACA, CSA, PSO, GA, and a typical greedy algorithm (namely, sequential floating forward selection (SFFS)) as subset generation procedures and used the average Jeffreys–Matusita distance (JM) as the objective function. In this way, the band selection algorithm based on ACA (BS-ACA), band selection algorithm based on CSA (BS-CSA), band selection algorithm based on PSO (BS-PSO), band selection algorithm based on GA (BS-GA), and band selection algorithm based on SFFS (BS-SFFS) were tested and evaluated using two public datasets (the Indian Pines and Pavia University datasets). To evaluate the algorithms’ performance, the overall classification accuracy of maximum likelihood classifier and the average runtimes were calculated for band subsets of different sizes and were compared. The results show that the band subset selected by BS-PSO provides higher overall classification accuracy than the others and that its runtime is approximately equal to BS-GA’s, higher than those of BS-ACA, BS-CSA, and BS-SFFS. However, the premature characteristic of BS-ACA makes it unacceptable, and its average JM is lower than those of other algorithms. Furthermore, BS-PSO converged in 500 generations, whereas the other three swarm-intelligence based algorithms either ran into local optima or took more than 500 generations to converge. BS-PSO was thus proved to be an excellent band selection method for a hyperspectral image.
Language change as a scientific construct of a probabilistically organized information system
Authors: Decker Eike U.
Published: July 2020

The present paper discusses language change from an information and systems theoretical point of view, taking on a diachronic perspective. It is argued that human language has to be regarded as a probabilistically organized information system in which synchronizations of linguistic systems of individuals create unstable (dynamic, ever-changing) collective levels (“language systems”). Therefore, probabilistic organization of language processing on an individual level leads – via bottom-up structure – to probabilistic organization of language systems as a whole. If we thus regard linguistic objects like e.g. a Saussurean sign as generally unstable and defined by probability distributions even from a synchronic point of view, we must understand language change (diachronic developments) as probabilistic as well. Therefore, language change in its “classical sense” (a change in linguistic objects) has to be reinterpreted as a change in probability distribution. Nevertheless, the termlanguage changeand its meaning then still lack exactness regarding some details; so we have to use this term carefully and be aware of its weaknesses. With a close look at language as an information system with both a synchronic as well as a diachronic dimension, we finally have to admit that language change is a scientific construct serving as a – sometimes quite useful – simplification within the linguistic field.
Comparison of silicate impregnation methods to reinforce Chinese fir wood
Authors: Li Ping , Zhang Yuan , Zuo Yingfeng , Wu Yiqiang , Yuan Guangming , Lu Jianxiong
Published: July 2020

Inorganic impregnation strengthening of Chinese fir wood was carried out to improve the strength, dimensional stability, flame retardancy, and smoke suppression of Chinese fir wood. Sodium silicate was used as reinforcement, a sulfate and phosphate mixtures were used as a curing agent, and Chinese fir wood was reinforced by the respiratory impregnation method (RIM) that imitating human respiration and vacuum progressive impregnation method (VPIM). The weight percentage gain (WPG), density increase rate, distribution of modifier, bending strength (BS), compressive strength (CS), hardness, and water resistance of unreinforced Chinese fir wood from the VPIM and RIM were compared. It was found that RIM could effectively open the aspirated pits in Chinese fir wood, so its impregnation effect, strengthen effect and dimension stabilization effects were the best. RIM-reinforced Chinese fir wood was filled with silicate both horizontally and vertically. At the same time, the transverse permeability of silicate through aspirated pits was significantly improved. The chemical structure, crystalline structure, flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and thermal stability of VPIM- and RIM-reinforced Chinese fir wood were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), cone calorimeter (CONE), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicated that although the crystallinity of RIM-reinforced Chinese fir wood decreased the most, more chemical crosslinking and hydrogen bonding were formed in the wood, and the strengthen effect was still the best. Compared with VPIM-reinforced Chinese fir wood, RIM-reinforced Chinese fir wood had lower heat release rate (HRR), peak-HRR, mean-HRR, total heat release (THR), smoke production rate (SPR), and total smoke production (TSP), higher thermal decomposition temperature and residual rate. It was indicated that RIM-reinforced Chinese fir wood was a better flame retardant, and has a smoke suppression effect, thermal stability, and safety performance in the case of fire.
Analysis of arc existence in electrical contact gap for 42 V automotive DC components
Authors: Robert Femi
Published: July 2020

In this paper, the existence of arc in an electrical contact gap is investigated. A 14 and 42 V DC electrical circuit for an automotive vehicle is considered and the factors which causes arc are identified. A plate–plate, cylinder–cylinder and cone–cone electrical contact are considered for which the closed-state resistance and open-state capacitance are acquired for Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Au and Pt materials. The voltage, current and power characteristics curves of the electrical contact are obtained for the equivalent automotive DC system. The temperature and electric field of the electrical contact is also reported. The breakdown voltage and electric field for the micro-gaps of 0.5–10 µm are presented and the boundary for arcless operation of the electrical contact is identified. Arc existence is analyzed for four circuit conditions with various voltage and current levels. Simulations are executed using COMSOL Multiphysics Finite Element software tool and the results were related with calculated values. The results show that power has more influence on the arc existence in electrical contact. Electrical contact does not produce an arc due to voltage and electric field. The plate–plate electrical contact with Pt material performs better in terms of arcless switching. These electrical contacts would have an influential role in the design of an arcless, less weight, low cost, reliable electrical contact for next-generation automotive DC power system.
Process for production of microencapsulated anthocyanin pigments from Rosa pimpinellifolia L. fruits: optimization of aqueous two-phase extraction, microencapsulation by spray and freeze-drying, and storage stability evaluation
Authors: Odabaş Halil İbrahim , Koca Ilkay
Published: July 2020

Rosa pimpinellifolia L. fruits (RPF) are promising source of anthocyanin pigments. The objectives of this study were to optimization of the aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) process of anthocyanin from RPF and microencapsulation of anthocyanin-rich RPF extract. The optimal ATPE conditions were as follows: 0% HCl, 30% ethanol, 19% ammonium sulfate, and liquid to solid ratio 51.71, 97.71 min, and 30°C extraction temperature. Predicted anthocyanin yield at the optimum conditions was 1578.90 mg cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalent/100 g dry fruit. ATPE resulting in 1.80-fold increase in the purity of anthocyanins when compared to conventional solvent extraction (CSE). The composition of the anthocyanins were determined with HPLC-QTOF-MS. Freeze-drying and spray-drying methods were employed for the production of microencapsulated anthocyanin pigments. The half times of microencapsulated anthocyanins at 4, 25 and 37°C were determined as 12.16, 6.60 and 3.12 months for freeze-dried microcapsules, and 16.50, 9.24 and 4.29 months for spray-dried microcapsules, respectively.
The Influence of Formal Institution Agents on Coopetition in the Organic Food Industry
Authors: Hidalgo Gisele , Monticelli Jefferson Marlon , Pedroso Juliana , Verschoore Jorge Renato , de Matos Celso Augusto
Published: July 2020

Recent academic research presents a large volume of studies on the organic market from the perspective of consumers’ motivation and purchasing preferences. However, these studies adopt a competitive or cooperative approach, but overlook the institutional complexity of emerging markets. This study aims to investigate the organic food production chain of emerging countries from the perspective of coopetition, taking into account the influence of formal institution agents. We focused our analysis on the chain of the organic food products, with the organic ice-cream producer as the key node of the chain. It is a single-case study conducted through in loco interviews with participants in the organic food products’ chain, along with secondary data. The results show the influence of formal institution agents and non-financial incentives as primary drivers of entrepreneurial strategic decisions. We contributed to the coopetition literature by demonstrating the influence of formal institution agents on value creation and value capture in the organic chain.
Perinatal outcomes in vanishing twin pregnancies following assisted reproductive technology (ART) – a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Fan , Li Yaqian , Wang He , Liu Shanling , Wang Xiaodong
Published: July 2020

Objectives

To compare the fetal and maternal outcomes in surviving singletons of vanishing twin, with singletons or twins, in pregnancies following assisted reproductive technology (ART).

Content

We searched the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane databases from the time of conception of the database until Dec 2019 to identify relevant published studies. Perinatal outcomes were synthesized with random effects meta-analysis using RevMan 5.3.

Summary and Outlook

Fifteen studies were included. Dichorionic twin pregnancies conceived by ART wherein the vanishing twin phenomenon occurred had a risk of fetal malformation similar to that of ART singleton pregnancies (OR=1.25; 95% CI 0.87–1.79) and a higher risk of fetal malformation compared with ART twin pregnancies (OR=1.82; 95% CI 1.23–2.70). Moreover, the remaining fetus in ART vanishing twin pregnancy was at a significantly higher risk of preterm birth (<37 weeks) compared to fetuses in ART singleton pregnancies (OR=2.41; 95% CI 1.46–3.99) and a markedly lower risk of preterm birth (<37 weeks) compared to the fetuses in ART twin pregnancies (OR=0.19; 95% CI 0.16–0.22). Meanwhile, the risk of delivery of infants who were small for gestational age (SGA) was significantly higher in ART vanishing twin pregnancies compared to that in ART singleton pregnancies (OR=2.70; 95% CI 1.39–5.24) and similar to that in ART twin pregnancies (OR=0.67; 95% CI 0.27–1.65).

The risks of preterm birth and of the infant being SGA is higher for the remaining fetus in an ART vanishing twin pregnancy compared to those for the fetuses in ART singleton pregnancies; the risk of fetal malformation is also higher in such cases compared with ART twin pregnancies.
Prolonged interpregnancy interval: how does it impact the length of second stage of labor?
Authors: Kurata Nicole B. , Ogasawara Keith K. , Pedula Kathryn L. , Goh William A.
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Short interpregnancy intervals (IPI) have been linked to multiple adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, but less is known about prolonged IPI, including its relationship with labor progression. The objective of the study was to investigate whether prolonged IPIs are associated with longer second stages of labor.

Methods

A perinatal database from Kaiser Permanente Hawaii was used to identify 442 women with a prolonged IPI ≥60 months. Four hundred forty two nulliparous and 442 multiparous women with an IPI 18–59 months were selected as comparison groups. The primary outcome was second stage of labor duration. Perinatal outcomes were compared between these groups.

Results

The median (IQR) second stage of labor duration was 76 (38–141) min in nulliparous women, 15 (9–28) min in multiparous women, and 18 (10–38) min in women with a prolonged IPI (p<0.0001). Pairwise comparisons revealed significantly different second stage duration in the nulliparous group compared to both the multiparous and prolonged IPI groups, but no difference between the multiparous and prolonged IPI groups. There was a significant association with the length of the IPI; median duration 30 (12–61) min for IPI ≥120 months vs. 15 (9–27) min for IPI 18–59 months and 16 (9–31) min for IPI 60–119 months (p=0.0014).

Conclusions

The second stage of labor did not differ in women with a prolonged IPI compared to normal multiparous women. Women with an IPI ≥120 months had a significantly longer second stage vs. those with a shorter IPI. These findings provide a better understanding of labor progression in pregnancies with a prolonged IPI.
Academic clinical learning environment in obstetrics and gynecology during the COVID-19 pandemic: responses and lessons learned
Authors: Olson Holly L. , Towner Dena , Hiraoka Mark , Savala Michael , Zalud Ivica
Published: July 2020

COVID-19 pandemic is changing profoundly the obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) academic clinical learning environment in many different ways. Rapid developments affecting our learners, patients, faculty and staff require unprecedented collaboration and quick, deeply consequential readjustments, almost on a daily basis. We summarized here our experiences, opportunities, challenges and lessons learned and outline how to move forward. The COVID-19 pandemic taught us there is a clear need for collaboration in implementing the most current evidence-based medicine, rapidly assess and improve the everchanging healthcare environment by problem solving and “how to” instead of “should we” approach. In addition, as a community with very limited resources we have to rely heavily on internal expertise, ingenuity and innovation. The key points to succeed are efficient and timely communication, transparency in decision making and reengagement. As time continues to pass, it is certain that more lessons will emerge.
Linguistic diversity and the court system in Dualist Hungary
Authors: Berecz Ágoston
Published: July 2020

Dualist Hungary (1867–1918) was the linguistically most diverse would-be nation-state in the long nineteenth century, with less than half of its citizens speaking Hungarian as their home language and more than two-fifths being ignorant of it. The Nationalities Act of 1868 accommodated the language of court proceedings to that of the parties, but these provisions remained in effect for no more than a couple of years before a complete overhaul of the court system. Minority nationalist activists were vocal in their attacks against the sidelining of their languages, and the issue came to a head in much the same terms when policy-makers debated the introduction of the jury. In the 1890s, with jury trials introduced and oral proceedings expanded in civil litigation, the government could not postpone the appointment of court interpreters any longer. Interpreting fees were set too high for the average non-Magyar citizen, which, together with a few other predicaments, was likely to bring home to them their second-class status. At the same time, top officials were anxious about the concessions that lower courts, which were for the most part left to muddle through without translators, had to make to non-dominant languages.
Providing multilingual logistics communication in COVID-19 disaster relief
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wu Yuqin
Published: July 2020

Translation is an important means of enabling access to information in an emergency response. Increasingly, volunteer translators have been using social media platforms to self-organize and carry out urgent translation tasks that effectively complement official disaster relief efforts. However, the role of crowdsourced translations and the capacity of volunteer translators in reducing the impact of disasters remain underestimated and therefore understudied. Based on semi-structured interviews with five volunteer translators and online observation of their translation practices, this study investigates the role of a volunteer-driven crowdsourced translation effort in facilitating the donation and procurement of medical supplies between Wuhan and the world. By addressing the real challenges of urgent crisis communication in Wuhan in the early stages of the pandemic, this study draws attention to the need to integrate information and communication technologies with multilingual resources for disaster relief. In addition, it calls for the inclusion of multilingual logistics in national emergency preparation, response and recovery plans.
The crystal structure of tetrakis(1-methylimidazole-κ1
N)-oxido-(sulfato-κ1
O)vanadium(IV), C16H24N8O5SV
Authors: Zhang Gang , Luan Jian , Wang Xiao-Jie
Published: July 2020

C16H24N8O5SV, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.6165(6) Å, b = 16.6705(10) Å, c = 15.2726(7) Å, β = 121.630(3)°, V = 2084.7(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0417, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1443, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of (E)-N′-(2-hydroxy-4-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)benzylidene) nicotinohydrazide monohydrate, C20H24N4O3 ⋅ H2O
Authors: Chen Xiao-Li , Sun Le-Tao , Zhang Qi-Long , Xu Hong , Yang Xian-Jiong
Published: July 2020

C20H26N4O4, monoclinic, P21/a (no. 14), a = 12.107(3) Å, b = 7.8431(19) Å, c = 21.794(5) Å, β = 98.233(5)°, V = 2048.1(8) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0458, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1208, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of phenyl(1,3,4a-triphenyl-4a,5,6,10b-tetrahydro-1H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3-c]quinolin-5-yl)methanone, C36H28N2O2
Authors: Li Xue , Chen Chao , Zhang Mei-Hang , Wang Jin-Min , Feng Fu-Min
Published: July 2020

C36H28N2O2, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.6248(18) Å, b = 10.848(2) Å, c = 14.099(3) Å, α = 95.822(2)°, β = 105.907(2)°, γ = 102.404(2)°, V = 1362.4(5) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0497, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1205, T = 296 K.
A Two-Tiered Charitable Contribution Credit for All American Taxpayers
Authors: Duquette Nicolas
Published: July 2020

This policy memo proposes and simulates the effects of a two-tier, nonrefundable tax credit for charitable contributions. A two-rate credit would expand access to tax incentives for charitable contributions to most Americans and increase charitable giving significantly, with substantial cost savings compared to alternative policy changes.
Stable walking of biped robot based on center of mass trajectory control
Authors: Jing Chenglin , Zheng Jiajia
Published: July 2020

The effect of center of mass (CoM) trajectory on stable walking of biped robot was studied in this study. The method of predictive control by controlling CoM trajectory to generate stable walking patterns was discussed, which simulated the principle of adjusting center of gravity in advance during human walking to adapt to the change of road conditions. As for uncertainty of robot modeling and the influence of environment, adding variable zero moment point for variable predictive control system can achieve self-adaptive adjustment of CoM trajectory to generate stable walking patterns. The simulation experiment results indicated that walking stability of biped robot was sensitive to the change of CoM trajectory. As long as CoM trajectory was adjusted well, stable walking of biped robot can be controlled even in the presence of disturbances. It is proved that the method of predictive control by controlling CoM motion to generate stable walking pattern is consistent with reality.
Experimental and numerical study of the crushing behavior of pultruded composite tube structure
Authors: Mohd Shah Mohd Kamal , Beng Yeo Kiam , Mohan Sanjay , Husen Mohd Nizam , Othman Irma , Tan Yen Pin
Published: July 2020

Pultrusion is considered to be a cost efficient method for developing composite structures. It facilitates the fabrication of uniform cross-section products with improved fiber alignment, mechanical properties, good surface characteristics, etc. In order to ascertain the crashworthiness, the pultruded composites shall be able to resist impact loads, and in this concern, the energy absorption capacity of the pultruded composites must be explored. This article presents the experimental and numerical investigation of the crushing behavior of polyester based pultruded composite with rectangular cross section. Pultruded rectangular tubes with e-glass/polyester composites have been developed for this study. The cross-section of the tubes was developed into two triggering profiles, the uniform edge around the section and the tulip pattern. The tubes were subjected to impact loads, and the effect of these triggering profiles on the energy absorption capacity of the tubes has been investigated. The testing of all composites has been carried out at three different impact velocities (10, 20 and 45 mm/min). The results have revealed the dependence of crushing behavior of the tubes on the loading velocity and the triggered profiles. Lower peak load and high specific energy absorption (SEA) was observed in the tube with tulip pattern profile. The results obtained from the simulation have also shown consistency with the real-time experiments.
Influence of sorption parameters on cesium-137 removal using modified activated carbon obtained from corchorus olitorius stalks
Authors: Hamed Mostafa M. , Ali Mahmoud M. S. , Helal Aly A.
Published: July 2020

Removal of 137Cs radionuclides from the environment has engrossed the concern of researchers after Fukushima accident. The leakage of radioactive cesium ions can lead up to surface and groundwater contamination, and this leads to pollution of drinking water sources. In this work, corchorus olitorius stalks has been used as a novel precursor for production of low-cost
meso
porous
a
ctivated
c
arbon (
Meso-AC
) and HNO3/H2O2-
m
odified
Meso-AC
(
m-Meso-AC
). The physicochemical properties of all adsorbents were evaluated. The influences of sorption parameters and presence of some ligands (humic acid, fulvic acid, and EDTA) on the sorption of 137Cs were studied. The maximum 137Cs capacity of
m-Meso-AC
was found to be 58.74 mg/g. Efficiency of the new adsorbent to remove 137Cs radionuclides from natural waters (tap, river, and groundwater) was investigated. The studies showed that new adsorbent could be used as promising material for the retention of 137Cs from real radioactive waste and natural water samples.
The relationship of mercury exposure with neurological problems in artisanal gold in Makassar city
Authors: Suhelmi Reni , Amqam Hasnawati , Thaha Ridwan M. , Mallongi Anwar , Daud Anwar , Ishaq Hasanuddin
Published: July 2020

Objectives

This research aims to analyse the relationship between urine mercury levels and neurological problems.

Methods

This research is an observational study with a cross-sectional approach. There are 44 goldsmiths in the gold jewellery small scale industry involved in this study. Urine mercury levels were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Neurological problems were assessed by a medician. Data collected includes age, time of exposure, work duration, smoking behaviour and nutrition status of the goldsmiths which were obtained by interview.

Results

The results showed that the concentration of mercury in the goldsmith’s urine was around 0.93–64.59 μg/L. The analysis showed that there were 63% of goldsmiths experiencing neurological problems, such as tremors (9.1%) and knee pass reflex (6.8%). The bivariate analysis showed that there is no significant relationship between the concentration of mercury (p=0.133), age (p=0.155), time of exposure (p=0.702), time of working (p=0.354), smoking behaviour (p=0.169) and nutrition status (p=0.541) with neurological problems.

Conclusions

The goldsmiths who had high levels of mercury in urine samples were diagnosed with at least one of the neurological symptoms. It is recommended that the goldsmith use personal protective equipment during work such as mask, glasses and gloves.
Systematic review elucidating the generations and classifications of solar cells contributing towards environmental sustainability integration
Authors: Ahmad Khuram Shahzad , Naqvi Syeda Naima , Jaffri Shaan Bibi
Published: July 2020

Rapid escalation in energy demand and pressure over finite fossil fuels reserves with augmenting urbanization and industrialization points towards adoption of cleaner, sustainable and eco-friendly sources to be employed. Solar cell devices known for efficient conversion of solar energy to electrical energy have been attracting scientific community due to their remarkable conformity with the principles of green chemistry. The future candidacy of solar cells is expressed by their efficient conversion. Such a great potential associated with solar cells has instigated research since many decades leading to the emergence of a wide myriad of solar cells devices with novel constituent materials, designs and architecture reflected in form of three generations of the solar cells. Considering the cleaner and sustainability aspects of the solar energy, current review has systematically compiled different generations of solar cells signifying the advancements in terms of architecture and compositional parameters. In addition to the chronological progression of solar cells, current review has also focused on the innovations done in improvement of solar cells. In terms of efficiency and stability, photovoltaic community is eager to achieve augmented efficiencies and stabilities for using solar cells as an alternative to the conventional fossil fuels.
Preliminary validity and test–retest reliability of two depression questionnaires compared with a diagnostic interview in 99 patients with chronic pain seeking specialist pain treatment
Authors: Kha Thuy Vy , Stenager Elsebeth , Hoang Huong , Bruun-Plesner Karin , Fuglsang Kira Søndberg , Søgaard la Cour Birgitte , Handberg Gitte , Vaegter Henrik Bjarke
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Depression symptomatology is highly prevalent in patients with chronic pain, but accurate identification of major depression may be challenged due to time constraints and diagnostic interviews are therefore not routinely performed in clinical practice. Assessment of depression may be facilitated through the use of full-length depression screening questionnaires with acceptable construct validity and test-retest reliability. However, as previously indicated screening questionnaires may overestimate depression in patients with chronic pain, possibly due to overlapping symptoms. However, the failure to screen for depression may raise a concern for missing relevant cases with depression. The objectives of this study were to (1) quantify the validity of the 9-items Patient-Health Questionnaire (PHQ9) and the Major Depression Inventory (MDI) compared with a diagnostic interview in patients with chronic pain seeking specialist pain treatment, and (2) assess the relative test-retest reliability of PHQ9 and MDI over two weeks.

Methods

Responses to the PHQ9 and MDI were compared with a Present-State-Examination (PSE) interview in 99 patients with chronic pain referred to interdisciplinary pain treatment. PHQ9 and MDI were completed twice over two weeks. Construct validity were assessed with the area under the curve (AUC) analysis, and performance characteristics derived from 2 × 2 contingency tables in which scores on the screening questionnaires were dichotomized and compared with the classification of clinical depression based on the diagnostic interview. Relative test-retest reliability was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).

Results

Based on the PSE interview, the prevalence of depression was 22.2%, and according to the PHQ9 and MDI questionnaires the prevalence was 26.3 and 34.3%, respectively. Compared with the diagnostic PSE, the PHQ9 and MDI questionnaires had areas under the curve of 0.83 and 0.88, respectively. Both questionnaires had high negative predictive values (PHQ9: cut-off of 11; MDI: cut-off of 26), but low positive predictive values for all possible scores. ICC values were excellent.

Conclusions

The PHQ9 and MDI questionnaires reliably identified chronic pain patients unlikely to have clinical depression, but showed limited validity identifying patients with clinical depression. These preliminary results may have clinical implications in depression screening in patients with chronic pain seeking specialist pain treatment. Clinicians in a specialty care pain clinic can use these screening questionnaires to identify patients without depression, but caution should be used when positive cases are identified by PHQ9 or MDI due to the risk of false positives.
Seelsorgliche Kirche in viralen Krisen-Zeiten ... und darüber hinaus
Authors: Schlag Thomas
Published: July 2020

Der vorliegende Beitrag vertritt und entfaltet die These, dass seelsorgliche Praxis in der aktuellen Krise eine wichtige Orientierungsmarke darstellt, durch die aufgrund digitaler Transformationsprozesse neues Nachdenken über die seelsorgliche Präsenz von Kirche in vielfältiger Gestalt auch über die Krise hinaus notwendig ist. Von einer grundsätzlichen poimenischen (seelsorgetheorischen) Perspektive aus werden aktuelle Herausforderungen benannt sowie am Beispiel erweiterter Telefonseelsorgeangebote Einblicke in aktuelle Formen digitaler seelsorglicher Praxis in Coronazeiten gegeben. Von dort aus werden in theologischer Perspektivierung Kernaspekte seelsorglicher Praxis unter Krisenbedingungen benannt sowie Folgerungen für die Zukunft seelsorglicher Praxis im Kontext einer Kultur der Digitalität angestellt.
Marginalisierung in der Marginalität?
Authors: Mattfeldt Anna
Published: July 2020

This article discusses marginalisation in internet forums and blogging platforms using the example of asexuality blogs and discussion threads. While large corpora of both English and German, such as COCA and DeReKo, contain hardly any mention of asexuality and these few instances of asexuality and related expressions typically refer to plant biology, online communities do discuss aspects of life as an asexual person and their experiences of marginalization even within the LGBTQ community. Definitions of asexuality, including its delineation from other identities, and how asexual people articulate conflicts and other issues on these online platforms are discussed in detail. Particular attention is paid to how this particular group is constructed by others, how they construct themselves as not being part of the mainstream, and the role (self-)marginalisation plays in this context.
Vom Militär-Invalidenhaus zur modernen Behindertenpolitik
Authors: Obinger Herbert , Grawe Lukas
Published: July 2020

Unmittelbar nach Ende des Ersten Weltkriegs wurden die vorrangig auf Berufsarmeen zugeschnittenen Militärversorgungssysteme in Deutschland und Österreich auf eine neue Basis gestellt. Dieser Beitrag untersucht aus vergleichender Perspektive die kurz- und langfristigen Auswirkungen der vor hundert Jahren geschaffenen Kriegsopferversorgung auf die Entwicklungsdynamik und Struktur staatlicher Sozialpolitik. Die republikanischen Versorgungs- und Eingliederungsgesetze beider Länder können als ein frühes Beispiel für eine gleichermaßen aktive wie aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik gesehen werden, die v. a. nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg von den überwiegend männlichen Kriegsbehinderten auf alle behinderten Menschen ausgeweitet wurde und zudem zum Vorbild weiterer Entschädigungssysteme und – in Österreich – des Bundespflegegelds wurde. In fiskalischer Hinsicht führten die hohen Kosten der Kriegsopferversorgung zu einem erheblichen Anstieg der Sozialausgaben, wodurch jedoch der Ausbau ziviler Sozialpolitik kurzfristig gebremst wurde.
A meta-analysis of VDR polymorphisms and postmenopausal osteoporosis
Authors: Fu Lijuan , Ma Jinhuan , Yan Sumei , Si Qijun
Published: July 2020

Background:

Whether polymorphisms in VDR gene affect the risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis or not remain unclear. Thus, the authors performed a meta-analysis to more robustly assess associations between polymorphisms in VDR gene and the risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis by integrating the results of previous literature.

Methods:

Medline, Embase, Wanfang, VIP and CNKI were searched comprehensively for eligible literature, and 67 genetic association studies were finally selected to be included in this meta-analysis.

Results:

We found that ApaI rs7975232 (dominant comparison: OR = 0.77, P = 0.007; allele comparison: OR = 0.81, P = 0.04), BsmI rs1544410 (dominant comparison: OR = 0.69, P = 0.002; allele comparison: OR = 0.78, P = 0.008) and TaqI rs731236 (recessive comparison: OR = 1.32 , P = 0.01) polymorphisms were significantly associated with the risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis in Caucasians, whereas FokI rs10735810 polymorphism was significantly associated with the risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis in Asians (dominant comparison: OR = 0.61, P = 0.0001; recessive comparison: OR = 2.02, P = 0.001; allele comparison: OR = 0.68, P = 0.002).

Conclusions:

This meta-analysis shows that ApaI rs7975232, BsmI rs1544410 and TaqI rs731236 polymorphisms may affect the risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis in Caucasians, while BsmI rs1544410 polymorphism may affect the risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis in Asians.
Kendi kendine bağlanabilen akışkan bir kompozit rezinin yüzeyel Sınıf I kavitelerde klinik performansının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÖZ Fatma Dilşad , ERGİN Esra , YALÇIN ÇAKIR Filiz , GÜRGAN Sevil
Published: July 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı kendi kendine bağlanabilen bir
akışkan kompozit rezinin geleneksel bir kompozit rezin ile karşılaştırarak Sınıf
I kavitelerde klinik performansının değerlendirmektir.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Yirmibeş hastaya, her hastada en az 2
Sınıf I restorasyon yerleştirildi (n=65). Kaviteler hazırlandıktan sonra
rastgele seçim yapılarak ya kendi kendine bağlanabilen akışkan bir kompozit
Vertise Flow/Kerr-VR) [Grup-1 (n=33)], ya
da etch&rinse bir adeziv kullanılarak geleneksel bir akışkan kompozit (Luxa/DMG-LX)
[Group-2 (n=32)] uygulandı.
Restorasyonlar uygulandıktan 1 hafta sonra (başlangıç) ve 4 yıl boyunca FDI kriterlerine
göre değerlendirildi. İstatistiksel analizler Ki-kare testi ve Cochran
Q-testini takiben Mc Nemar’s testi ile yapıldı (α=0.05).

Bulgular: Dört yıl sonunda 49 restorasyon değerlendirildi.
Hastaların kontrollere gelme oranı %72’dir. Dört yılın sonunda 3 (%11.5) VR ve 2
(%7.6) LX restorasyon kaybedildi. 17 (%73.9) VR ve 14 (%58.3) LX restorasyon
kenar uyumu açısından klinik olarak iyi (skor 2) şeklinde skorlandı (p>0.05). Kenar renklenmesi açısından değerlendirildiğinde ise,
VR restorasyonların %39.1’i ve LX restorasyonlarının %25’i klinik olarak iyi
(skor 2) şeklinde skorlandı (p>0.05).
Restorasyonların hiçbirinde ikincil çürük ya da postoperatif duyarlılık
görülmedi. Başlangıç ile karşılaştırıldığında; 4 yıl sonunda VR ve LX akışkan
kompozit rezinlerde kenar uyumu ve kenar renklenmesi açısından anlamlı
farklılıklar görüldü (p<0.001).

Sonuçlar: Her
iki akışkan kompozit rezin de dört yılın sonunda yüzeyel sınıf I kavitelerde
benzer ve klinik olarak kabul edilebilir sonuçlar göstermiştir.
Temporomandibular Eklem Düzensizliği Bulunan Hastalarda Kulak Semptomları Prevelansının Araştırılması
Authors: YAPICI YAVUZ Günay , KESKİNRÜZGAR Aydın , KOPARAL Mahmut , UTKUN Mustafa , ŞİMŞEK KAYA Göksel
Published: July 2020

Amaç: Temporomandibular eklem düzensizliği bulunan
hastalarda temporomandibular eklem, çiğneme kasları ve ilişkili olduğu
yapılarda çeşitli semptomlara sebep olabilmektedir. Yakın komşulukta olduğu
yapılardan olan kulakta kulak ağrısı, kulak çınlaması, kulakta dolgunluk hissi,
kulak kaşıntısı, işitmede azalma, baş dönmesi, denge kaybı gibi semptomlara
neden olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Temporomandibular eklem
düzensizliğine eşlik eden kulak semptomları prevelansının değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler:Retrospektif çalışma Ocak 2017-Aralık 2017
tarihleri arasında Adıyaman Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Ağız, Diş ve
Çene Cerrahisi AD’na TME bölgesinde ağrı ve/veya disfonksiyon şikayeti ile
başvuran 214 hasta ile planlandı. Hastaların seçimi TMD/ATK’ye göre yapıldı. TMD
teşhisi konan hastalarda kulak ağrısı, kulak çınlaması, kulakta dolgunluk
hissi, kulak kaşıntısı, işitmede azalma, baş dönmesi, denge kaybı
semptomlarının varlığı araştırıldı. Hastalara kulak semptomlarını var veya yok
şeklinde değerlendirebilecekleri formlar dolduruldu. Semptomların şiddeti ile
bilgi edinilmedi. Bulgular:214
TMD hastasının 65’inde kulak semptomuna rastlanmadı. 149 hastada ise en az bir
kulak semptomu gözlendi. 149 hastanın 117’sinde kulak ağrısı (%78.5), 77’sinde
kulak çınlaması (%51.7), 56’sında kulakta dolgunluk hissi (%37.6), 50’sinde
kulak kaşıntısı (%33.6), 3’ünde işitmede azalma (%2), 61’inde baş dönmesi (%40.9)
ve 50’sinde denge kaybı (%33.6) tespit edildi. 149 hastanın 120’i kadın (%
80.5), 29’i erkektir. (%19.5)Sonuçlar:TMD’ye kulak semptomları arasında en fazla kulak
ağrısı, ikinci sırada kulak çınlaması ve en az ise işitmede azalma eşlik
etmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler:TMD, kulak semptomları, kulak ağrısı, kulak
çınlaması
Panoramik Radyografide Yumuşak Doku Kalsifikasyon/ossifikasyonlarının Görülme Sıklığı
Authors: ÇİTİR Mesude , GÜNDÜZ Kaan
Published: July 2020

Amaç: Panoramik radyografide yumuşak doku kalsifikasyon/ossifikasyon
prevelansını saptamak ve tiplere göre dağılımını belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler:Farklı sebeplerle alınan 1024 panoramik radyografide yumuşak doku kalsifikasyon/ossifikasyon varlığı incelendi. Kalsifikasyon/ossifikasyon görüldüğünde lokalizasyon ve şekline göre tipi belirlendi. Hastaların yaş ve cinsiyetleri ile kalsifiye aterosklerotik plak varlığında sistemik durumu kayıt edildi.Bulgular: Yumuşak doku kalsifikasyon/ossifikasyon tespit edilen hastaların % 31.45’i stilohyoid ligament ossifikasyonu, % 26,15’i kalsifiye aterosklerotik plak, % 14.84’ü tonsillolit, % 13.43’ü birden fazla yumuşak doku kalsifikasyon/ossifikasyonu, % 12.72’si tritiseöz kartilaj kalsifikasyonu, % 1.06’sı lenf nodu kalsifikasyonu ve % 0.35’i submandibular sialolit olarak dağılım gösterdi. Kalsifiye aterosklerotik plak görülen hastaların % 29.3’ünde hipertansiyon, % 10.1’inde ise Tip II diyabet mevcuttu. Kalsifikasyon/ossifikasyon sıklığı ile cinsiyet arası ilişkiyi belirlemek için ki-kare testi kullanıldı (p<0.05).Sonuçlar: En fazla stilohyoid ligament ossifikasyonu izlendi. Yumuşak doku kalsifikasyon/ossifikasyonları kadınlarda daha fazla görüldü ve görülme sıklığı yaşla birlikte arttı.Anahtar Kelimeler: kalsifikasyon, panoramik radyografi, prevelans
Neurociência Localizada: revendo diferenças de sexo/gênero em pesquisas sobre o cérebro
Authors: Guerim Laura D.
Published: July 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar as críticas feitas por neurocientistas às pesquisas que buscam diferenças cognitivas entre homens e mulheres presentes no cérebro, principalmente, utilizando o respaldo da neuroimagem. Desde o início dos anos 2000, a preocupação com a utilização da neurociência para justificar estereótipos de gênero e a falta de critério dos responsáveis para diferenciar as expressões “sexo” e “gênero” têm envolvido diversas neurocientistas no debate mais profundo entre natureza e cultura apresentado por essas pesquisas. Além disso, é imperativo pensarmos no impacto desses resultados, considerando que eles fornecem argumentos para os diversos discursos sociais e contribuem muito para o entendimento das habilidades humanas.
A filosofia posta em pessoas: por uma ética do poema em Celan e Derrida
Authors: Lafetá Gabriela
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo quer encontrar um modo de pensar a filosofia a partir de uma escrita marcada pelo que vamos seguir entendendo como “pessoas”. Jacques Derrida será o norte teórico desse texto, ao que ele próprio traz em linhas muito precisas ao longo de sua obra em torno da expressão “digno de seu nome”. Se há dignidade ou se algo detém uma dignidade e por ela um nome, se a palavra dignidade [Würdigkeit] ainda nos remete, como em Kant, à noção incondicional de “pessoa” e se ela pode nesse registo e, como veremos, ser estendida ao todo-outro e ainda assim inscrever uma “majestade”, é dessa forma que a expressão “digno de seu nome” atravessa a obra de Derrida quando ele inicia um incansável trabalho com a palavra, especialmente em seus escritos tardios, cuja significação não é mais objetável.
Uma estética da palavra filosófica: o filosofar enquanto transformação em Jean-François Lyotard
Authors: Karasek Felipe Szyszka
Published: July 2020

O objetivo deste texto é analisar os argumentos de Jean-François Lyotard a respeito do filosofar enquanto transformação na obra intitulada Por que filosofar? Lyotard publicou esse livro em 1989, constituído por quatro conferências proferidas em 1964 intituladas i. Por que desejar?, ii. Filosofia e Origem; iii. Sobre a palavra filosófica e iv. Sobre filosofia e ação, durante a fase em que foi marxista crítico nos anos 60 e 70. Em 1986 Lyotard afirma que foi atacado injustamente por ter mudado sua posição política a partir da publicação de 1971, a qual marca a ruptura em sua obra, intitulada Discurso, Figura, onde analisa o que é a figura e o que é o figural/figurativo.
Fantasmaterialidade: O subsolo estético da Crítica da razão negra
Authors: Pandolfo Alexandre
Published: July 2020

Este ensaio procura tecer considerações estéticas, filosóficas e políticas a respeito da imagem do “subsolo”, indicada por Achille Mbembe no seu livro “Crítica da razão negra”. Partindo dessa imagem, o ensaio aponta para outras, principalmente, o fantasma e o espectro, com as quais forma uma constelação. Devido a sua forma, este ensaio torna-se uma montagem, para a qual contribuem fragmentos de obras de Lima Barreto e de Carolina Maria de Jesus, procurando dialogar com as proposições de Mbembe e levar a cabo uma crítica da ontologia fundamental e suas consequências genocidas.
Richer de Reims e suas Histórias: a construção narrativa – a estética como instrumento retórico (século X).
Authors: Bassi Rafael
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo objetiva discutir como Richer de Reims (941-998), monge beneditino do século X, compôs um relato histórico baseando na construção narrativa totalmente ligada ao aparato estético com instrumento retórico. A partir de sua formação clássica, organizada pelo Abade Gerbert d’Aurillac (futuro papa Silvestre II), Richer constrói um texto de Histórias (Os quatro livros de História) que compõe uma narrativa a partir de uma fórmula estética particular, que é a “reescrita”, ou “criação”, dos diálogos dos diversos personagens que aparecem no relato; com isso, faz com que as supostas “vozes” de seus personagens ajudem-no na legitimação, política ou intelectual, daqueles para quem ele deixa transparecer sua preferência.
Edukacja w czasach zarazy. Przypadek uniwersytetu
Authors: Kobylarek Aleksander
Published: July 2020

Esej zbiera i systematyzuje uwagi na temat wpływu pandemii koronawirusa na pracę polskich uczelni. Autor korzystając z własnego doświadczenia, doniesień medialnych oraz pierwszych, mniej usystematyzowanych analiz naukowych, stara się zebrać najważniejsze skutki oraz przeanalizować różnego rodzaju słabości systemowe, które obnażyła pandemia. Tłem dla wyszczególnionych problemów w sferze kształcenia akademickiego autor uczynił problemy organizacyjne i wyzwania naukowe, jakie w tym czasie stanęły przed polskimi uczelniami. Artykuł zawiera propozycje zmian jak również wskazuje te obszary działalności uczelni, które wymagają szczególnej uwagi na przyszłość.
Zarządzanie tłumem w akcji ratowniczej
Authors: Karczewska Kinga
Published: July 2020

Cel badań: Celem pracy jest edukacja w zakresie efektywnego zarządzania tłumem w czasie akcji ratowniczej. Przekaz kierowany jest zarówno do profesjonalnych służb (ratownictwo medyczne, wodne, górskie, drogowe, Straż Pożarna itp.), jak i ratowników ochotników.

Metoda: Analiza literatury przedmiotu

Wyniki i wnioski: Poznanie natury tłumu psychologicznego oraz mechanizmów, które nim rządzą daje osobom prowadzącym akcję ratowniczą narzędzia do skutecznego zarządzania. Wprowadzenie modułu zarządzania tłumem do szkoleń z zakresu szeroko pojętego ratownictwa jest pozytywnie odbierane przez szkolonych. Z ich relacji wynika, że wiedza ta dodaje im pewności siebie i rzeczywiście potrafi znacząco zwiększyć efektywność akcji ratowniczej.
New occurrences of bryophytes species in Southern Brazil: bryodiversity still scarcely known
Authors: Bordin Juçara , Dewes Talita da Silva , Fernandes Peralta Denilson , Ferri Mariel , da Rocha da Rosa Bárbara
Published: July 2020

Rio Grande do Sul is the southern state of Brazil and includes 569 taxa of bryophytes, a rich diversity promoted by its geographical position. All recent floristic inventories in the state recorded new occurrences of species, indicating that the diversity of bryophytes may be underestimated. Through floristic inventories carried out between 2016 and 2019, new occurrences of 16 species, included in seven families and 11 genera, were identified. Seven of them are also new records for the Southern Brazil. Bryophyta is represented by five species, four genera and four families, and Marchantiophyta by 11 species, seven genera, and three families.