bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Veterans Affairs Hospital Productivity Change and the Policy Implications: A Research Note
Authors: Oh Dongjin , Han Ahreum , Lee Keon-Hyung
Published: June 2022

As a reaction to the Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital scandal in 2014, the Veterans Choice Act of 2014 was enacted to enhance veterans’ access to health care. This study evaluated the productivity change of a panel of 102 VA hospitals from 2011 through 2019 to examine how the Act influenced the overall VA hospital productivity. The results revealed that the overall productivity of VA hospitals declined over the period and VA hospitals were not operating at an optimal scale to produce maximum outputs due to a decrease in the number of veteran patients after the Act was implemented. In addition, the technical change value less than 1 implies that VA hospitals produced fewer outputs with the given input resources over the period due to lagged adoption of innovative health care technology.
Project and Process Management of Public-Private Partnerships: Managerial Tensions and Coping Strategies
Authors: Krogh Andreas Hagedorn , Thygesen Svante Aasbjerg
Published: June 2022

Western governments increasingly use public-private partnerships (PPPs) to solve complex social problems. This article examines how public managers handle conflicting demands for classical project management and collaborative process management in PPPs for preventing negative social control. Building on theories of public governance, PPP management, and paradox management, it develops an analytical framework for studying managerial tensions in PPPs. Applying the framework in a case study of three Danish PPPs, it shows how partnership managers handle managerial tensions through strategies of opposition, separation, and synthesis. The study demonstrates a promising path of integrating paradox management theory in public governance hybridity research.
Federated strong tracking filtering for nonlinear systems with multiple sensors
Authors: Liu Shiyang , Gao Ming , Huai Wuxiang , Sheng Li
Published: June 2022

In this paper, the filtering problem is investigated for nonlinear systems with multiple sensors. A federated strong tracking filter is designed to track state mutations by making full use of limited sensor information. Several subsystems are composed of different sensor combinations, and their states are independently estimated by using local filters in parallel. The strong tracking filter, as local filters, adaptively adjusts gain matrices of filters by introducing fading factors to track state mutations timely. Based on the theory of boundedness and inequality technique, the fusion estimation error is proved to be exponentially bounded in mean square. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by an experiment concerning the rotary steering drilling tool system.
How to learn more about how children learn languages: A commentary on Kidd and García (2022)
Authors: Vihman Marilyn M.
Published: June 2022

Kidd and Garcia demonstrate that the field of language acquisition must consider a more diverse range of languages. This is certainly needed, to gain a deeper understanding of the basic mechanisms of language acquisition; to achieve that, we need more longitudinal studies of several children per language, with (trained) fluent-user transcription and analysis. This could, for example, help to establish the size of the unit from which the child extracts generalizations and builds categories and networks in phonological development.
Effects of Mass Shootings on Mental Illness Stigma in the United States
Authors: Beltzer Miranda L. , Moulder Robert G. , Baker Casey , Comer Kara , Teachman Bethany A.
Published: June 2022

Although the vast majority of people with mental illness (PWMI) are not violent, Americans tend to think they are more dangerous than the general population. Because negative media portrayals may contribute to stigma, we used time-series analyses to examine changes in the public’s perceived dangerousness of PWMI around six mass shootings whose perpetrators were reported to have a mental illness. From 2011 to 2019, 38,094 U.S. participants completed an online study assessing implicit and explicit perceived dangerousness of PWMI. There were large, upward spikes in perceived dangerousness the week of the Sandy Hook mass shooting that were relatively short-lived. However, there was not a consistent pattern of effects for other events analyzed, and any other spikes observed were smaller. Effects tended to be larger for explicit versus implicit perceived dangerousness. Sandy Hook seemed to temporarily worsen perceived dangerousness of PWMI, but this pattern was not observed for other mass shootings.
Emergent Bilingual Middle Schoolers’ Syncretic Reasoning in Statistical Modeling
Authors: Radke Sarah C. , Vogel Sara E. , Ma Jasmine Y. , Hoadley Christopher , Ascenzi-Moreno Laura
Published: June 2022

Background/Context:

Bi/multilingual students’ STEM learning is better supported when educators leverage their language and cultural practices as resources, but STEM subject divisions have been historically constructed based on oppressive, dominant values and exclude the ways of knowing of nondominant groups. Truly promoting equity requires expanding and transforming STEM disciplines.

Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study:

This article contributes to efforts to illuminate emergent bi/multilingual students’ ways of knowing, languaging, and doing in STEM. We follow the development of syncretic literacies in relation to translanguaging practices, asking, How do knowledges and practices from different communities get combined and reorganized by students and teachers in service of new modeling practices?

Setting and Participants:

We focus on a seventh-grade science classroom, deliberately designed to support syncretic literacies and translanguaging practices, where computer science concepts were infused into the curriculum through modeling activities. The majority of the students in the bilingual program had arrived in the United States at most three years before enrolling, from the Caribbean and Central and South America.

Research Design:

We analyze one lesson that was part of a larger research–practice partnership focused on teaching computer science through leveraging translanguaging practices and syncretic literacies. The lesson was a modeling and computing activity codesigned by the teacher and two researchers about post–Hurricane María outmigration from Puerto Rico. Analysis used microethnographic methods to trace how students assembled translanguaging, social, and schooled practices to make sense of and construct models.

Findings/Results:

Findings show how students assembled representational forms from a variety of practices as part of accomplishing and negotiating both designed and emergent goals. These included sensemaking, constructing, explaining, justifying, and interpreting both the physical and computational models of migration.

Conclusions/Recommendations:

Implications support the development of theory and pedagogy that intentionally make space for students to engage in meaning-making through translanguaging and syncretic practices in order to provide new possibilities for lifting up STEM learning that may include, but is not constrained by, disciplinary learning. Additional implications for teacher education and student assessment practices call for reconceptualizing schooling beyond day-to-day curriculum as part of making an ontological shift away from prioritizing math, science, and CS disciplinary and language objectives as defined by and for schooling, and toward celebrating, supporting, and centering students’ diverse, syncretic knowledges and knowledge use.
Seduced by Technology? How moral agency is mediated by the invisibility of everyday technologies
Authors: Greenwood Michelle , Wolfram Cox Julie
Published: June 2022

We introduce postphenomenology to organization studies to address the question: How is moral agency mediated through everyday technologies? Drawing on our everyday experiences of academic knowledge production as an empirical illustration, we argue that the extent to which technological mediations are visible and invisible has important implications for moral agency. We conceptualize the visibilities of technological mediations through two dimensions: (1) visibilities of the source of mediation, and (2) visibilities of the connection between the means of mediation and its effects. Using these dimensions, we differentiate four different modes of mediation – coercive, persuasive, decisive and seductive – each varying in terms of moral agency. We problematize the invisibility of technological mediations, as evinced by a condition we term seductive mediation where both the sources of mediation and the means of mediation are invisible, then conclude with specific implications for organization studies.
Prevalence, causes, and impact of self-reported vision impairment among older people in China: Findings from the China health and retirement longitudinal study
Authors: Sohail Ali , Du Jinfeng , Nawaz Abbasi Babar , Taiwo Adebukola Kabir
Published: June 2022

This article investigated the prevalence, causes, and impact of self-reported vision impairment among older people in China. A total of 12,910 participants aged ⩾50 years were included in this study from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) over the periods of 2011, 2013, and 2015. All data were reported by participants via a self-reported questionnaire. Distance vision was assessed by asking if they could see the face of a person on the other side of the street. Near vision was assessed by asking if they could read ordinary newspaper. Depressive symptoms were evaluated by 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. The analysis method included the χ2 – square distribution test and multiple regression analysis. This article first found that prevalence of self-reported vision impairment was much higher in rural than in urban areas; in urban areas, females had a greater chance of being affected than males, and for both sexes, it increases with increasing age. Second, some factors found are significantly associated with increased vision impairment rates, include increasing age, female gender, rural residents, elementary-level education, unmarried individuals, and non-agricultural occupations. Third, the leading cause of vision impairment was a refractive error and the most common causes of vision impairment include cataracts and glaucoma. Fourth, vision impairment was significantly associated with falls and depressive symptoms and has a negative effect on the quality of life of older Chinese. The article concluded that older people with self-reported vision impairment were relatively low and it is majorly caused by refractive error. Older people with distance vision impairment and near vision impairment were more likely to report falls and depressive symptoms in the future. In line with these findings, a couple of policy recommendations for further research were made.
Employment and family caregiving in palliative care: An international qualitative study
Authors: Gardiner Clare , Taylor Beth , Goodwin Hetty , Robinson Jackie , Gott Merryn
Published: June 2022

Background:

Family caregivers provide the majority of palliative care. The impact of family caregiving on employment and finances has received little research attention in the field of palliative care.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to explore perspectives and experiences of combining paid employment with palliative care family caregiving, and to assess the availability and suitability of employment support across three countries – the United Kingdom (UK), Aotearoa New Zealand and Canada.

Design:

A qualitative descriptive study design was used. Semi-structured interviews were held with 30 key informants with professional or personal experience in palliative care from the UK ( n = 15), Aotearoa New Zealand ( n = 6) and Canada ( n = 9). Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using the principles of thematic analysis.

Results:

Four main themes were identified: (1) significant changes to working practices are required to enable end of life family carers to remain in work; (2) the negative consequences of combining caregiving and employment are significant, for both patient and carer; (3) employer support for working end of life caregivers is crucial but variable and; (4) national, federal and government benefits for working end of life family carers are necessary.

Conclusion:

Supporting carers to retain employment whilst providing care has potential benefits for the patient at end of life, the caregiver, and the wider economy and labour market. Employers, policymakers and governments have a role to play in developing and implementing policies to support working carers to remain in employment.
Long-Term Performance of Flexible Pavements Constructed on Recycled Base Layers
Authors: Titi Hani , Qamhia Issam I. A. , Ramirez Jessie , Tabatabai Habib
Published: June 2022

There has been an increased interest in using reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) aggregates as a base course in Wisconsin for the offered economic and environmental benefits. Laboratory studies showed that RAP can have resilient modulus values higher than typical natural aggregates, and can also have higher durability, especially in freeze–thaw cycles. However, it is also recognized that RAP exhibits temperature sensitivity and larger permanent deformations than natural aggregates. How these characteristics manifest themselves in the northern U.S. climates can only be assessed by long-term observation of field performance. Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) has been using RAP as a base course for over 30 years. The qualitative assessment of WisDOT roads constructed with RAP showed they are performing adequately. However, this impression has not yet been verified quantitatively. This paper presents a quantitative assessment and comparisons for field performance of pavement test sections constructed with RAP and natural crushed aggregate (CA) base course layers in Wisconsin. The performance was evaluated using pavement distress surveys of roadways containing RAP and CA, falling weight deflectometer (FWD), dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) tests, and analysis of WisDOT’s available data. Based on the field evaluation, the performance of the hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavements with RAP was found adequate and comparable to those with CA base course layers. A recommendation was given that WisDOT shall continue the practice of using RAP in base course layers of HMA pavements, given proper quality checks for materials, and proper quality control/quality assurance measures being applied during construction.
Pass/Fail Prediction in Programming Courses
Authors: Van Petegem Charlotte , Deconinck Louise , Mourisse Dieter , Maertens Rien , Strijbol Niko , Dhoedt Bart , De Wever Bram , Dawyndt Peter , Mesuere Bart
Published: June 2022

We present a privacy-friendly early-detection framework to identify students at risk of failing in introductory programming courses at university. The framework was validated for two different courses with annual editions taken by higher education students ( N = 2 080) and was found to be highly accurate and robust against variation in course structures, teaching and learning styles, programming exercises and classification algorithms. By using interpretable machine learning techniques, the framework also provides insight into what aspects of practising programming skills promote or inhibit learning or have no or minor effect on the learning process. Findings showed that the framework was capable of predicting students’ future success already early on in the semester.
An Investigation of Longitudinal Associations Between Psychological Distress and Student Victimization by Teachers
Authors: Chen Ji-Kang , Chang Ching-Wen , Lin Chung-Ying , Wang Li-Chih
Published: June 2022

Previous research has suggested that psychological distress (i.e., anxiety, depression, and somatization) is associated with student victimization by teachers. The direction and causality of this relationship have not yet been empirically supported. This study examined longitudinal associations between adolescent psychological distress (anxiety, depression, and somatization) and student victimization by teachers among 419 adolescents in grades 7–9 of secondary schools in Hong Kong. A self-administered questionnaire was conducted to collect student self-reported information about their experiences of victimization by teachers and their psychological distress, including depression, anxiety, and somatization, at two time points separated by a 9-month interval. A cross-lagged panel analysis provided evidence for the contribution of depression, anxiety, and somatization to later victimization by teachers. These findings were also relevant for male and female adolescents. The findings suggest that psychological distress, such as depression, anxiety, and somatization, is a risk factor predicting student victimization by teachers rather than the consequences of exposure to teacher violence. The results support the importance of reducing adolescent depression, anxiety, and somatization symptoms in future intervention programs to prevent them from being victimized by teachers.
Intentional Cruelty Versus Neglect: New Insights on Animal Cruelty Crimes and Implications for Policy
Authors: Addington Lynn A. , Randour Mary Lou
Published: June 2022

Animal cruelty has received growing scholarly attention over the past few decades. One ongoing challenge for researchers has been the lack of readily accessible data. This situation changed in 2014 with the addition of animal cruelty offenses to the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Uniform Crime Reporting Program as part of its National Incident-Based Reporting System. In addition to providing a much-needed source of animal cruelty information, these data shed light on two distinct forms of cruelty: intentional animal abuse and neglect. Previous research tended to group both forms of cruelty together, which limited the ability of these findings to inform the development of targeted prevention and intervention policies. The present study is one of the first to examine the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s animal cruelty data and to distinguish between neglect and intentional cruelty. The findings obtained are discussed in terms of application to policy and guidance for future work.
Recent advances in thermally conductive polymer composites
Authors: Yu Shuaiqiang , Huang Miaoming , Hao Rui , He Suqin , Liu Hao , Liu Wentao , Zhu Chengshen
Published: June 2022

Polymer matrix composites (PMCs) with high thermal conductivity (TC) play an important role in improving the heat dissipation capacity of a new generation of electronic devices, particularly for 5G and aviation applications. Over the last few decades, considerable efforts have been made in the fabrication of highly thermally conductive PMCs. Advances in the thermal conduction mechanism of polymer composites are induced to, and then commonly used thermally conductive fillers are presented. In the following, the factors affecting the TC of polymer composites are discussed in detail, including fillers, interfaces, polymer matrices and processing technologies. Special attention is paid to the thermally conductive fillers. Then, some application areas of thermally conductive polymer composites are introduced. Finally, the deficiencies and future development trends in this research field are put forward. It is expected that this review will provide some beneficial inspiration in improving the TC of PMCs.
An effective multi-part dedicated flow-line reconfiguration model considering the optimal selection of machining process path and machines
Authors: Yu Hao , Yang Bo , Wang Shilong , Wang Yankai , Wang Sibao , Wang Zehua , Wang Zhongning
Published: June 2022

Multi-part Dedicated Flow-line (MDF) is widely used to produce discrete products for high volumes with low varieties. Since frequent changes occur in customers’ demand and rapid upgrading of machines, the line needs to reconfigure timely to remain competitive. A lot of researchers investigate how to reconfigure the line when facing these changes, and most of them adopts small adjustments such as machine resettlement or buffer size rearrangements to react. However, when great changes occur in product’ machining process or machine’s performance, it’s time to reconfigure the line in a higher level by reselecting machining process of products and/or reselecting machines composition of the line. To fill this research gap, the paper proposes an effective Multi-part Dedicated Flow-line Reconfiguration Model (MDFRM) which can effectively react to great changes occur in products and machines. By optimal selection of Machining Process Path (MPP) for every product and machines composition for the new line, MDFRM can reconfigure MDF with objective of minimizing the products’ cost and capital investment. To solve this problem, an Enhanced Equilibrium Optimizer (EEO) with three layers of code and three steps to handling boundaries and constraints based on Equilibrium Optimizer (EO) is presented. The proposed new model and the designed method are validated by numerical experiments and real case study. This paper will significantly help decision-makers make a scientific decision to optimally reconfigure MDF.
From hunter-gatherer subsistence strategies to the Agricultural Revolution: Disentangling Energy Regimes as a complement to cultural phases in Northern Spain
Authors: Alexandre Martinez , Sjoerd Kluiving , José Muñoz-Rojas , Barrera César Borja , Jurado Pablo Fraile
Published: June 2022

The Holocene is defined by the impact of agricultural societies on their natural environments and resources, a paradigmatic shift triggered by the Agricultural Revolution. In Cantabrian Spain, the adoption of a sedentary economy (ca. 7000 cal yr BP) remains misunderstood, with contemporary Mesolithic and Neolithic sites apparently random dispersed. Energy Regimes, a time-independent and functional analysis of past societies, considers two cultures that cohabit and/or cooperate, based on their differential pattern of use of energy and resources, as well as on the variation in land-use strategies. We test and implement the framework of Energy Regimes through a targeted review, to examine the hunter-gatherer subsistence strategies in Cantabrian Spain. Archeological proxies such as demography, mobility, complexity of society, economy, and overexploitation of resources identified in 95 articles and books, allow us to apply Energy Regimes to reexamine transitions in hunter-gatherer societies. Neolithization in Cantabrian Spain is the result of a long process that started with the Solutrean cultural phase ca. 24,000 cal yr BP, during the Last Glacial Maximum. Hunter-gatherers developed onward novel subsistence strategies with subtle changes in energy use until the transition toward a sedentary economy. Energy Regimes provide new insights for other regional contexts where time-bounded analyses conceal the complexity of energy transition processes in Europe and beyond.
Investigation of anticorrosion properties of epoxy GO nanocomposites spin coated Aluminum Alloy 7075
Authors: Gaur Mulayam S , Raghav Rajesh K , Sagar Rohan , Tiwari R.K.
Published: June 2022

The bisphenol A diglycidyl ether-polyaminoamide (epoxy resin)–graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites have been prepared by chemical methods. The aim of this study is to produce epoxy –GO coatings on Aluminum Alloy 7075 and study the anticorrosion properties. Thin films have been characterized by scanning electron microscope – Energy Dispersive X-rays Spectroscopy (EDX) and Raman spectra. Raman spectra show the successful bonding of GO functional groups with epoxy. The composition of epoxy and GO is characterized by EDX. The Tafel plots were undertaken for analysis of corrosion of coating material. Therefore, the reduction of corrosion current of epoxy–GO nanocomposites coated Al alloy 7075 show its superior corrosion resistance properties. This is further confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization. The very high value of low frequency impedance modulus (i.e. 1010 Ω cm2) shows surprising anticorrosive effect on coating. The epoxy–GO spin coating in Al Alloy 7075 is significantly reduces the corrosion current density ( Icorr) and corrosion rate due to anticorrosion properties of GO.
Decoding the Social Media Advertising Influence on Consumer Attitude and Intention
Authors: Rana Meghna , Arora Nilesh
Published: June 2022

The evolution of social media as an interactive technology has gathered wide acknowledgement in our daily lives. With the increasing number of active users and ease of use, marketing practitioners have been constantly using Web 2.0 based social media applications to advertise their products and conduct various marketing activities. The fundamental purpose of the study is to discover the antecedents that lead to the acceptance of social media as an effective advertising vehicle. Thus, the current study is the first to employ the technology acceptance model (TAM) to cognize consumers’ behavioural intention in the social media advertising context. The responses were acquired from 348 respondents deploying a self-administered questionnaire. Structural equation modelling was employed using AMOS 22.0 to test the conceptual model fitness. The outcome of the study illustrates that all the predictors (perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, privacy concerns and peer influence) are valid antecedents that influence consumers’ attitude towards social media ads and impact their purchase intention. The study, thus, offers a comprehensive framework and practical recommendations to marketing practitioners to design rewarding social media marketing campaigns.
A History of the Midwifery Profession in the Republic of Croatia
Authors: Švaljug Deana , Malnar Daniela , Kurbanovič Magdalena , Kuljak Željka , Bonačić Dino
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

It can be said that midwifery is as old as humankind because there has always been someone who accompanied women in childbirth. The purpose of this article is to present the history of midwifery on the present-day territory of the Republic of Croatia, from prehistoric ages to the present.

Method:

Historical methodologies were used for the study. An analysis of available literature and archives was carried out.

Results:

For many centuries, midwifery was in the hands of formally uneducated but skilled women. Midwives had professional autonomy until the 1960s when obstetricians took full control of maternal care, and midwives became their assistants.

Discussion:

Although midwives in the Republic of Croatia are more educated today than at any time in history, in practice, they do not have professional autonomy in the field of work that they are entitled to under Directive 2005/36/EC.
Synchronous Online Cognitive-Behavioral Group Intervention: 12-month Evaluation for Substance Use Mandated Clients
Authors: Gregory Virgil L. , Werth Lisa
Published: June 2022

Far less prevalent in intervention research for justice involved or other mandated clients is the advent of synchronous online cognitive-behavioral group intervention (SOC-BGI). Purpose: The purpose of the study was to provide an effectiveness-oriented evaluation regarding the feasibility of SOC-BGI facilitated by licensed clinical social workers. Method: The study used a pre-experimental design ( N = 41) with four observations including a 12-month follow-up. A linear mixed model was used to evaluate longitudinal comparisons. Results: On the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Contemplation subscale, from Baseline to posttest, the participants had a significant improvement ( p = .004) and a moderate Hedge’s g effect size of -.54. From baseline to 12-month follow-up, there was a significant reduction in self-reported Diagnostic Statistical Manual 5 substance use symptoms ( t = 4.68, df = 29, p < .001) and a large effect (Hedges’ g = .84). Discussion: Study applications, limitations, and strengths are discussed.
Realities of Leading Change: Challenges and Successes of an Innovation Faced by Principals
Authors: Gonzales Miguel M. , Roberts Maria B.
Published: June 2022

Limited research examines the process of leading innovative school change from the perspective of principals. In this case study, three school principals implement a novel school model, franchise model schools. Using interviews, the researchers examined the successes and challenges principals experienced while implementing and leading this change. Data analysis revealed three significant challenges leading franchise model schools: (1) low teacher morale at the inception of the model; (2) time management; and (3) alignment among franchise campuses. However, three significant successes surfaced. Franchise principals were able to increase (1) community engagement, (2) autonomy and creativity, and (3) the sharing of best practices. Authors recommend more research context-specific to the school's culture and a principal's level of experience in leading change. Researchers should identify successful innovative schools and examine what change models were used by those principals.
A CDM-based unified viscoplastic constitutive model of FLCs and FFLCs for boron steel under hot stamping conditions
Authors: Zhang Ruiqiang , Shi Zhusheng , Yardley Victoria A , Lin Jianguo
Published: June 2022

Forming limit curves (FLCs), which are constructed using the limit strains at localised necking, are the most widely used tools for the evaluation of the formability of sheet metals. Fracture forming limit curves (FFLCs) are more recently developed, complementary tools for formability evaluation which are instead constructed using the limit strains at fracture. Since the formability depends strongly on forming conditions such as strain state, temperature and strain rate, models for predicting FLCs and FFLCs are essential for the optimisation and further application of hot forming processes in which these forming conditions vary significantly with both position and time. However, no model has so far been developed to predict FFLCs either alone or in conjunction with FLCs for sheet metals such as boron steel under hot stamping conditions. In this study, a set of unified viscoplastic constitutive equations for the prediction of both FLCs and FFLCs based on continuum damage mechanics (CDM) has been formulated from a set of recently developed constitutive equations for dislocation-based hardening, in combination with two novel coupled variables characterising the accumulated damage leading to localised necking and fracture. The novel variables take into account the effects of strain state, temperature and strain rate on the formability of sheet metals. The material constants in the CDM-based constitutive equations have been calibrated using experimental data comprising true stress-true strain curves and limit strains of a 22MnB5 boron steel obtained at a range of temperatures and strain rates. Investigation of the effect of varying selected parameters in the coupled damage variables on the resulting computed FLCs and FFLCs has demonstrated the flexibility of the model in enabling curves of different shapes and numerical values to be constructed. This indicates the potential of the CDM-based constitutive model for application to other materials for warm or hot stamping processes.
The Implications of Market-Based Versus Supportive Idiosyncratic Deal Pathways
Authors: Mackintosh Catherine , McDermott Aoife M.
Published: June 2022

This article contributes to the idiosyncratic deals (i-deals) literature by explicating and theorizing market-based and supportive i-deal pathways. In so doing, it enhances understanding of how i-deals are negotiated, addresses gaps in theoretical understanding about how outcomes emerge and reconciles divergent narratives regarding the availability of i-deals to stars or a broader pool of employees. To achieve this, the study explores the inputs, process, and outcomes of flexibility and financial i-deal creation using a qualitative approach. It addresses a deficit in multi-stakeholder i-deals research, drawing on 42 semi-structured interviews with employees, line managers and HR representatives in a financial service and a construction company. Findings detail how market-based i-deals are premised on economic exchange. They respond to employer needs to secure star performers, while employee needs may be flexibility or financially focused. The negotiation of market-based i-deals is distributive, and their creation is perceived by employees as special treatment to which they are entitled, leading to purely functional benefits for organizations (e.g., recruitment/retention). In contrast, supportive i-deals are relational, responding to employee needs for flexibility and employer needs to build high-quality employment relationships. Their negotiation is integrative. Perceived by employees as a reflection of being valued, supportive i-deals lead to broader reciprocation. Researchers and practitioners should consider the implications of these pathways. In particular, the article emphasizes the broad benefits of supportive i-deals but serves to manage expectations regarding the potential limitations of market-based i-deals, that may lead to functional benefits (e.g., recruitment/retention) but not positive attitudes and behaviors.
Profiles of Behavioral, Academic, and Demographic Characteristics of Middle School Students With Emotional or Behavioral Needs
Authors: Farley Jennifer , Duppong Hurley Kristin , Lambert Matthew C. , Gross Thomas J.
Published: June 2022

Often the characteristics of students with emotional and behavioral disturbances (EBDs) are described in terms of how they compare to students with and without other disabilities. However, such a conceptualization or categorization may overshadow differences that exist among these youth, and few studies examine unique subpopulations within this group. To explore meaningful differences and similarities among students with EBD, which could help to facilitate customization of interventions and supports, we conducted a latent profile analysis of over 300 middle school students receiving special education services for emotional or behavioral needs. Results identified four profiles using demographic variables, school setting (alternative school or not), teacher ratings of behavior and academic competence, and parent report on child suspensions. Criterion variables were then tested, with significant differences identified in use of mental health services, parent empowerment, and caregiver strain. However, significant differences were not found in parent satisfaction with school. Limitations, implications, and the need for additional research are discussed.
Identifying Marital Interpersonal Pathologies in Men with Avoidant Attachment: A Qualitative Research
Authors: Arianfar Nayere , Etemadi Ozra , Hosseinian Simin
Published: June 2022

The present study aimed to identify marital interpersonal pathologies in men with avoidant attachment. Data collection was carried out to the extent of saturation and according to the triangulation method in three ways including (1) 18 semi-structured interviews with 10 men with avoidant attachment and their spouses, (2) interviews with 8 experts in the field of attachment, and (3) review of the literature on the subject. The thematic analysis resulted in identifying 11 subcategories, which were classified into three main categories of emotional pathologies, communication pathologies, and functional pathologies. The results also showed that identifying interpersonal pathologies among men with avoidant attachment and providing preventive therapeutic solutions appropriate to each pathology can be a great help in increasing marital satisfaction.
Supramalleolar Osteotomy vs Arthrodesis for the Treatment of Takakura 3B Ankle Osteoarthritis
Authors: Yang Xin-Quan , Zhang Yan , Wang Qiong , Liang Jing-Qi , Liu Liang , Liang Xiao-Jun , Zhao Hong-Mou
Published: June 2022

Background:

To compare the clinical/functional outcomes of supramalleolar osteotomy (SMOT) and ankle arthrodesis (AA) for the treatment of modified Takakura stage 3B ankle osteoarthritis.

Methods:

Outcomes of 28 SMOT patients and 30 AA patients were reviewed at an average of 50 and 51 months, respectively. The baseline characteristics of the 2 groups were similar. The preoperative tibial articular surface angle and talar tilt angle in the SMOT group were 82.6 and 10 degrees and in the AA group, 83.9 and 9.1 degrees, respectively. The American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, visual analog scale (VAS) score, 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) mental component summary (MCS) and physical component summary (PCS) scores, range of motion (ROM), radiologic parameters, and complications were compared.

Results:

The AOFAS, VAS, and SF-12 MCS and PCS scores improved significantly postoperatively in both groups ( P < .001). The VAS and SF-12 PCS scores indicate marginally better improvement in the AA group ( P < .05). The patient satisfaction value ( P = .028) and the possibility of repeated surgery value ( P = .012) were also significantly higher in the AA group. The early ( P = .905) and late ( P = .181) complications did not significantly differ between the 2 groups. The reoperation rate was significantly higher in the SMOT group ( P = .038).

Conclusion:

Both SMOT and AA showed improvements in function, pain, alignment, and quality of life after surgery. Patients in the AA group reported better pain relief, had a lower reoperation rate, and better hindfoot alignment during a short- to mid-term follow-up time.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Healthcare Predictors of Information Dissemination About Genetic Risks
Authors: Henderson Vida , Strayhorn Shaila M. , Bergeron Nyahne Q. , Strahan Desmona C. , Ganschow Pamela S , Khanna Aditya S. , Watson Karriem , Hoskins Kent , Molina Yamile
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Despite the benefits of genetic counseling and testing (GCT), utilization is particularly low among African American (AA) women who exhibit breast cancer features that are common in BRCA-associated cancer. Underutilization is especially problematic for AA women who are more likely to die from breast cancer than women from any other race or ethnicity. Due to medical mistrust, fear, and stigma that can be associated with genetic services among racial/ethnic minorities, reliance on trusted social networks may be an impactful strategy to increase dissemination of knowledge about hereditary cancer risk. Informed by the social cognitive theory, the purpose of this study is to determine: 1) which AA patients diagnosed with breast cancer and with identified hereditary risk are sharing information about hereditary risk with their networks; 2) the nature of the information dissemination; and 3) if personal GCT experiences is associated with dissemination of information about hereditary risk.

Methods

Among consented participants (n = 100) that completed an interview administered using a 202-item questionnaire consisting of open- and closed-ended questions, 62 patients were identified to be at higher risk for breast cancer. Descriptive statistics, bivariable chi-square, Pearson’s exact tests, and regression analyses were conducted to examine differences in characteristics between high-risk participants who disseminated hereditary risk information and participants who did not.

Results

Among high-risk participants, 25 (40%) indicated they had disseminated information about hereditary risk to at least one member in their family/friend network and 37 (60%) had not. Receipt of both provider recommendations and receipt of GCT services was associated with greater odds of disseminating information about hereditary risk with networks, OR = 4.53, 95%CI [1.33, 15.50], p = .02.

Conclusion

Interventions that increase self-efficacy gained through additional personalized knowledge and experience gained through provider recommendations and by undergoing GCT may facilitate information dissemination among social/familial networks.
“What Is Black Love?”: A Collaborative HBCU Class Performance
Authors: Mackie-Stephenson Ayshia , Nicholas Najah , Baker Camorei , Bryant Larrysha , Dozier Ashlei , Lee Jenna , McClain Rakiya , Sims Noel , Thomas Janya
Published: June 2022

This performance on Black love is framed by Xavier University of Louisiana faculty, Dr. Ayshia Mackie-Stephenson, and undergraduate students who took Introduction to Performance Studies. Young Black people are choosing Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) because they want a learning environment with Black people and they want to be away from the dangers of white supremacy. An HBCU is a place where Black people can be themselves and push each other to thrive and succeed. However, to resist centuries of White supremacy tactics of divide and conquer, Black love needs to be an intentional practice. I asked my students what Black love is and they share their thoughts in this performance.
From Making Automated Decision Making Visible to Mapping the Unknowable Human: Counter-Mapping Automated Decision Making in Social Services in Australia
Authors: Sleep Lyndal Naomi
Published: June 2022

Automated decision-making (ADM) technologies, like artificial intelligence and machine learning, are increasingly being used by governments. Researchers have attempted to map the deployment of these technologies. However, mapping is an inherently political act, reinforcing dominant discourses and imaginings of technological futures. In this article, I engage with critical cartography to outline the potential of counter-mapping for researching automation in decision making, with the purpose of mapping, to quote from Hodgson and Schroeder in 2002, “against dominant power structures, to further seemingly progressive goals.” Drawing on the case of ADM in Australian social services, I reflexively account for how counter-mapping can provide a method for moving beyond dominant discourses of efficiency, cost cutting, and industriousness, to allow the alternative voices of service users’ experiences of ADM to be heard. I argue that future ADM mapping needs to focus on making visible those who are subject to the decisions of automated systems, but are usually made unknowable by the over-confident calculability of dominant ADM discourses.
Design Anthropological Filmmaking for Automated Futures
Authors: Pink Sarah
Published: June 2022

In this article I introduce the theory and practice of Design Anthropological Filmmaking as a mode of actively proposing alternative possibilities to the technological solutionist narratives and imaginaries that dominate industry, government and policy narratives about automated futures. I argue for documentary practice that is theoretically and critically aligned with a vision of the world as ongoingly emergent, and unfinished, and contests conventional innovation paradigms. To demonstrate this theory-practice dialogue I draw on my collaborative documentaries Laundry Lives and Smart Homes for Seniors which explore everyday life in the home with digital, emerging and automated technologies.
Wading the Quagmire: Aesthetics and Ethics in Verbatim Theater Act 1
Authors: Vachon Wolfgang , Salvatore Joe
Published: June 2022

The authors draw on their collective decades of theater creating and viewing to expose how they navigate the innumerable ethical and aesthetic enmeshments of verbatim theater. Mirroring the realms in which each writer works, Wading the Quagmire is an edited and manipulated refraction of conversations between the two authors presented through a script-based structure. Each author discusses, describes, and defends their approach, drawing on salient moments from their theater practice, sharing entanglements, and reflecting on the learnings of practice. In the end, the authors resist ethical prescriptions, while identifying the tight rules they work within and the consequences of breaking them.
Perspectives of Persons With Type 2 Diabetes Toward Diabetes Self-Management: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Othman Manal M. , Al-Wattary Noor A. , Khudadad Hanan , Dughmosh Ragae , Furuya-Kanamori Luis , Doi Suhail A. R. , Daher-Nashif Suhad
Published: June 2022

Background. The global increase in type 2 diabetes (T2D) poses a significant public health challenge worldwide. Due to the chronic and complex nature of the disease, management does not depend on pharmacotherapy alone; rather, a comprehensive medical and self-management plan is required. Diabetes Self-Management Education programs should address diabetes-specific behaviors and be grounded in patients’ perceptions of their disease and its consequences. Aim. The study aims to understand perceptions of diabetes self-management (DSM) among persons of different nationalities with T2D living in Qatar. Method. A phenomenological qualitative study was implemented using four focus group interviews using Triandis Interpersonal Behavior Model to understand factors influencing DSM perceptions and behaviors. Therefore, deductive content analysis was used, also inductive content analysis used to find new emerging themes. Twenty-nine participants with T2D of 12 different nationalities were recruited. Results. Content analyses revealed that participants were mainly motivated to manage their diabetes by fear of future health complications—and the resulting impact on their families—triggered by witnessing these complications on other family members and friends. Factors that influenced DSM included cultural factors such as food content and holidays’ customs, weather conditions, psychological distress, and social factors such as lack of family support. Furthermore, access to healthy food, number of working hours and time, and cost of DSM supplies were found to be among the barriers to DSM. Conclusion. Understanding and considering patients’ perspectives is a core component of culturally competent and evidence-based DSM programs, and it should be considered in any DSM program.
Changing Course of an Umbilical Cord Mass - Chasing the Diagnosis of Angiomyxoma
Authors: Kaur Navkiranjot , Heerema-McKenney Amy , Kollikonda Swapna , Karnati Sreenivas
Published: June 2022

Angiomyxoma of the umbilical cord is a rare benign vascular malformation with potential for fetal morbidity and mortality. Gross and histologic features of this lesion are identical to those described as “hemangioma,” however “angiomyxoma” is a preferable term as current practice restricts the term “hemangioma” to infantile capillary proliferations that express glucose transporter 1. Here we describe the case of an umbilical cord angiomyxoma with associated pseudocysts diagnosed after delivery at 33 weeks. It presented as a heterogeneous-appearing mass near the fetal cord insertion and mimicked serious fetal anomalies throughout gestation. We found fetal MRI helpful for monitoring this lesion, narrowing the differential, and informing management. Proximity to the fetal end of the cord and uncertainty about diagnosis also required surgical resection of the mass after delivery with umbilicoplasty.