bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pandemic-Driven E-Justice in a Civil Process: Comparative Legal Analysis
Authors:   Saratov State Law Academy, Grigorieva Tamara A. , Kazakova Svetlana P. ,   Saratov State Law Academy, Kruzhalova Alena V. ,   Saratov State Law Academy, Fomicheva Regina V. ,   Saratov State Law Academy, Scherbakova Liliya G. ,   Saratov State Law Academy
Published: February 2023

The aim of the work is to identify gaps in the regulatory framework containing the rules and procedures for the actions of persons participating in the civil law process, in the presence of external factors, namely, during a pandemic, in order to improve procedural legislation based on the relevant experience of different countries. When conducting a study of legislation, judicial acts regulating the possibility of administering justice under quarantine conditions, general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, forecasting, as well as specific scientific methods - comparative legal, formal logical, forecasting, were used. The regulatory framework, acts of courts regulating the issues of administering justice in conditions of self-isolation were analyzed. The features of the impact of the pandemic on judicial activities in Russia, in the Republic of Kazakhstan, in the European Union, as well as in the UK were revealed. Remote means of communication with the court were investigated, as well as consideration of a court case in a civil law process using the means of online interaction. In Russia, the pandemic, along with the use of electronic justice through the systems Moy Arbitr and Pravosudie, became an incentive for the introduction of online meetings in arbitration courts, various types of web conferences. In the Republic of Kazakhstan, quarantine measures became the reason for the greater use of the TrueConf service, the mobile courtroom. The European Union increased the interaction of courts in a distance format with the help of the European eJustice portal. The UK is distinguished by its progressive approach to the legislative settlement of the circumstances associated with remote proceedings. The tasks of electronic justice are set, which must be solved by Russia in an emergency situation. In conclusion, the authors infer that the pandemic had an impact on the introduction of new information technologies in the civil process. The technical component of e-justice is important, but it is impossible to ensure its implementation without fixing the procedural rules in the relevant codified sources. Despite the fact that the legal proceedings in Russia are at a high level and an example in this issue for other countries, it is necessary to refer to the experience of the Republic of Kazakhstan, where a special mobile application TrueConf was developed, which does not require stationary equipment and is more accessible to citizens without contacting specialists. As for the UK, in the authors' opinion, it is worth paying attention to the responsiveness of the legislature regarding the issues that need to be resolved in order to normalize the work of the judicial system in emergency situations during the pandemic.
Objective Time: What Are the Advantages of a Realistic Approach to the Study of Social Temporality?
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Golovashina Oksana V.
Published: February 2023

In the article, the author attempts to substantiate an object-oriented approach for the study of social temporality. To solve this problem, the author takes several steps. First, the author justifies the need for a realistic approach, since it allows us to substantiate the constitutive meaning of social temporality, as well as to show the possibility of understanding time beyond the functions of social practices and/or social processes. Second, the author shows the origins of realism in the classical philosophical tradition and analyzes the possibilities of neorealism and critical realism for understanding social time. Thanks to this, a way of thinking about the social was shown based on social actors (the study of their morphogenesis increases the validity of this category). At the final step, the author shows that objects can act as an ontological basis from which thinking about social time is possible. Using Graham Harman's interpretation of the object, the author considers time as an interobjective phenomenon, a function of objects, their relations, order and aspirations for interaction. Interobjectivity postulates the constitutive value of various objects for the construction of the social. The agency and self-reference of objects, justified by Graham Harman and Levi Bryant, make it possible to avoid the need for an observer figure, which is characteristic of the established social theory and corresponds to the principles of “flat ontology”. Thus, the proposed approach allows us to think about social time based on fundamental ontological grounds, which contributes to the leveling of the distortions of the observer's view. Unlike the models analyzed above, relying on objects allows us to think of time not only as linear and unidirectional (which is especially important for understanding social temporality): a realistic intention remains. Due to the interpretation of the object that opposes materialism and idealism, the field of research of social temporality is expanding, and time itself can be thought beyond the material/ideal dichotomy; also, social time does not oppose the physical one, since it is impossible to distinguish only “social” or “physical” objects (material and ideal, artificial and natural, and so on). The epistemological vector can thus shift from the study of social practices or rhythms of social life to the potential for changes contained in objects and object-oriented interpretations of causality.
Research in education: Theory and practice working side by side
Authors:   Moscow Pedagogical State University, Demakova Irina D. , Shustova Inna Yu. ,   Russian Academy of Education, Popova Irina N. ,   Federal Education Development institute RANEPA
Published: February 2023

Definition and description of research methods in modern educational theory are growing in importance because of the need for a scholarly reflection on how knowledge is acquired in this field. It is necessary to understand the theoretical relevance of research methods and their practical implementation. The aim of this study is to identify effective research methods for modern educational theory and practice and to systematize research methods in the educational theory. The research is methodologically grounded in the systematic approach to the educational theory providing a holistic view of the interrelation of educational phenomena and processes and their relevance to a child's personal development (V. Zagvyazinsky, I. Kolesnikova, V. Krayevsky, A. Mudrik, L. Novikova, N. Selivanova, V. Serikov). For the purposes of this study, a large-scale survey Research Methods in Education was conducted in February and March 2021. It was designed as a questionnaire consisting of three parts: (a) Research methods in education, (b) Experience of using research methods in education, (c) Analysis of professional difficulties in selecting methods in education. 672 people from 27 regions of the Russian Federation were surveyed. The results provided some important insights into the modern trends in the educational methodology, as the existing classification of methods into theoretical methods, empirical methods and the statistical analysis of empirical data does not quite take into account the modern findings in education. The educational science now can (and must) embrace methods from other realms of scientific knowledge. The choice of research methods should be based on the following: (a) essential theories and approaches of pedagogical science and related sciences; (b) ways in which information is gathered and used that are relevant to the specific goals of the research. Research methods should be chosen having in mind the aim of the research and how its result will be analyzed. As part of the study, many approaches to the classification of research methods in education have been proposed. The main accomplishment of this study is that the findings take us to the whole new level in discovering research solutions thus enabling educational science to push the boundaries in development of the educational methodology.
Formation of the meaning of pedagogical activity in future teachers
Authors:   Kurgan State University, Hazanov Ilya Ya. ,   Kurgan Pedagogical College
Published: February 2023

The effectiveness of any type of professional activity is associated with a clear and scientifically grounded understanding of its meaning. The article proves that the formation of the meaning of pedagogical activity should become one of the leading directions of the educational process in a professional pedagogical educational institution. The similar approaches of Russian and foreign scientists to the organization of professional training of future teachers are revealed, which consist in taking into account such components of the meaning of pedagogical activity as value, purpose and motive. The meaning of pedagogical activity is defined as a complex category of professional worldview that integrates the interconnected system of “values-goals-motives-actions”, implemented in the aggregate of interactions of participants in the educational process. Among the main characteristics of the meaning of pedagogical activity, the following are highlighted: determination by the level of professional outlook and practical experience; determination by the sociohistorical context and features of the national education system, in which the personality of the future teacher is formed; dynamism and continuity of development; stability due to professional convictions; interrelation and interdependence of the meaning of life and professional activity of the teacher, as well as the meanings of the participants in the educational process. The results of the study of the opinions of future teachers (first year students and graduates) about the meaning of pedagogical activity are analyzed. The leading role of a professional educational institution in the formation of the meaning of pedagogical activity among future teachers is discovered. The methodological experience of the formation of the meaning of pedagogical activity among students of a pedagogical college is described. Within the framework of the “multi-technology” approach, methods of various educational technologies that can be combined in the formation of the meaning of pedagogical activity are highlighted. The forms and methods of organizing the educational process, the most effective in the formation of the meaning of pedagogical activity, are highlighted. These are problematic and heuristic questions and tasks, the solution of pedagogical situations, the discussion pedagogical club, the study of the activities and main ideas of humanist teachers in the course of an educational project and practice at school. It has been established that the content of academic disciplines should include such interrelated components as the meaning of the subject-subject interaction of the participants in the educational process, the meaning of the implementation of the mission of the teacher and the pupil, the meaning of professional self-education and self-development.
Management of unused or used agricultural land plots in violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation: A comparative legal aspect
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Pozdnyakova Elena A.
Published: February 2023

The involvement in the turnover of unused or used agricultural land plots in violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation is connected with the message of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly in 2015, in which this problem was voiced. In 2016 the legislator did some work, the essence of which was to create a legal basis for the seizure of agricultural land plots from their owners in case of their non-use for their intended purpose or use in violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation. Consolidating this position, the legislator touched upon the institution of property rights protection. This study aims to protect the rights of owners and to demonstrate the ineffectiveness of such a measure. Russia has previously taken steps to encourage owners of such land plots through the taxation system, but this did not give the expected result. Thus, it should be stated that we do not yet have an effective mechanism for solving this problem. Along with the compulsory termination of property rights, developed countries are aware of other mechanisms for improving the efficiency of the use of agricultural land, such as: planning, development by the authorities of measures to assist owners of land plots, forced leasing of such plots, carrying out works to preserve the landscape. In order to examine these measures, the legal framework, research works, and experience of the European Union, the UK, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, recognized by the world community as the most successful in the development of agriculture, were analyzed using historical, logical, comparative-legal, and other methods of research. The mechanisms of agricultural land management in developed countries, including constitutional guarantees for the protection of property rights and the success of the implementation of alternative methods, proven by practice in order to apply them on the territory of Russia, were studied. As a result of the analysis, the author came to the conclusion that the forced deprivation of property rights does not solve the stated problem, which is confirmed by the criticism of the scientific community and statistical data for the last five years. In addition, the legislator, fixing the compulsory termination of ownership of agricultural land plots, probably doubts the successful implementation of such a mechanism, since they provide for the responsibility of the new owner of the land plot seized and sold at auction if the owner does not start using it for its intended purpose within a year from the moment of its acquisition. Thus, an alternative solution to the problem could be the management mechanisms of countries successful in agriculture - mechanisms that can be fixed in the current legislation of Russia.
Strategic aspects of digital transformation of investigation, detection and prevention of crimes
Authors:   Saratov State Law Academy, Smushkin Aleksandr B.
Published: February 2023

The aim of the work is to analyze the general criteria of the concept of strategic planning and existing approaches to the structure of the strategy, and to develop on this basis the author's own concept of strategic aspects of digital transformation of investigation, detection and prevention of crimes. The following components are attributed to the structure of this complex in the work: the focus of consideration (the task of the strategy); context (external and internal conditions affecting the achievement of the goal); current state; strategic goals (desired state); natural future (without the influence of planned changes); the gap between the current state and the natural future (problems hindering development in the direction of strategic goals); participants and stakeholders; additional conditions; solution. The author consistently examines each element of the transformation strategy of investigation, detection and prevention of crimes employing the universal dialectical method, the general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, modeling, extrapolation, and others. The author considers options for solving the identified problems in the form of a social order for the development of a full-scale step-by-step digital transformation strategy, expressed in the form of grant or contractual scientific research, conceptual development of these issues in monographic-level research, improvement of the level of material and technical equipment of law enforcement agencies, expansion of the “digital competencies” acquired during higher professional education, organization of the exchange of “digital” experience, activation of the development of digital platforms of law enforcement agencies with subsequent integration into an ecosystem, etc. The author argues that, in a strategic perspective, the following theories and concepts should organically enter into the unified concept of digital transformation of investigation, detection and prevention of crimes: general issues of digital transformation, the theory of electronic digital criminalistics (taking into account the consideration of issues of working with electronic digital information, its carriers and information technology devices, as well as the corresponding group of traces), the conception of digital technologization and innovative development of criminalistics, the conception of “electronic” investigative actions, the conception of remote criminalistics, the conception of electronic evidence, the conception of electronic justice, and some others. In addition, as a conclusion, the author states that the development and implementation of a digital transformation strategy for the investigation, detection and prevention of crimes will help to increase the targeting of efforts, identify problems in this area, effectively develop the transformation itself, decriminalize cyberspace and reduce the technological backlog of Russian law enforcement agencies.
The role of the first Russian funeral sermon of the late 17th - early 18th centuries in the formation of the obituary genre
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Nadtochi Ekaterina E. ,   Siberian Federal University
Published: February 2023

The article analyzes the first examples of funeral sermons delivered in Russia at the beginning of the 18th century: the speech of Pastor Stumpfius at the funeral of Franz. Lefort and “The Word for the Burial of Peter the Great” by Feofan Prokopovich, voiced during the burial of Peter I. The text regulating the ceremony of farewell to the emperor by the organizer of the funeral Ya.V. Bruce and “A Brief Tale of the Death of Peter the Great, Emperor and Autocrat of All Russia” by Feofan Prokopovich are also explored. The aim of this study is to learn what role the first funeral speeches played in the formation of the obituary genre in Russian literature. In the course of studying the materials, the author revealed that the most important of the innovations of the funeral ritual was the funeral memorial word, borrowed from the Protestant tradition. The funeral word in Russia existed in both secular and Old Believer culture.“Funeral Teaching on the Day of the Burial of General and Admiral Franz Yakovlevich Lefort” by Pastor Stumpfius speaks not so much about Lefort's departure from life, but about death and virtue in general, about the importance of a righteous lifestyle. Stumpfius closely follows the Lutheran tradition of emphasizing apocalyptic semantics in the funeral sermon. The religious and didactic pathos of the sermon determined the subordinate role of political semantics. In addition, baroque motifs in Stumpfius' sermons have parallels in the Russian medieval tradition. “The Word for the Burial of Peter the Great” was delivered by Feofan Prokopovich at the funeral of Peter I. The speech at the tomb of the emperor went beyond church rhetoric and the main subject was the secular state accomplishments of the late monarch. The most important component of church rhetoric - the significance of the Divine will and the justification of the right of the deceased to enter the Kingdom of Heaven - virtually disappeared from the speech. Prokopovich does not speak about the fate of the soul of the deceased at all. His audience is the subjects and family of Peter I, and the scope of the monarch's accomplishments is the earthly and, moreover, political world. Prokopovich transfers the symbolism of the resurrection from the spiritual and religious plane to the state and political one. Thus, comparing the two speeches, we can say that the word for death at the beginning of the 18th century exists as a dynamic system, on the one hand, it is a form of a journalistic eulogy, where the main emphasis is placed on the sphere of socially significant achievements; on the other hand, it is a funeral sermon that describes the personal qualities of the deceased as merits before God. For the obituary, which was formed later, the first version is a proto-genre source.
The tactic of emotional amplification of argumentation in the written discourse of the humanities
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Savtchouk Tatiana N.
Published: February 2023

The aim of the article is to reveal the specifics of the implementation of the tactic of emotional amplification of argumentation in the written discourse of the humanities. The research is carried out on the material of Russian-language articles on sociology, psychology, cultural studies, linguistics, journalism, published in peer-reviewed academic journals for 2001-2019. Methodologically, the work is related to convergent theory, which ensures the integration of descriptive and normative dimensions of argumentation using qualitative analytical methods: description, functional-semantic, contextual and propositional analysis. The tactic of emotional amplification of argumentation involves the choice of communicative speech actions that actualize the emotional dominant of message perception. According to the results obtained, in the written discourse of the humanities, this cognitive attitude is realized at three levels: structural, verbal, and metatextual. Structural amplification of argumentation is associated with conceptual amplification and provides for a special construction of reasoning using the techniques of manipulating with concepts: emphasizing key concepts; creating a certain emotional evaluating background of the discourse; contrasting concepts. At the verbal level, emotional amplification of argumentation is embodied in two subtactics: psychological accentuation and para-argumentation. The techniques of psychological accentuation include the following: use of expressions with the meaning of evidence, reliability of a fact (knowledge) that convey categorical confidence; use of quantifiers with meaning of “general” and intensive words; expansion of standard argumentative verbalizers by intensifying lexemes; activation of language forms of negation; contact use of modal predicates, as well as semantically close or equivalent verbs in different temporal modes; selection of pragmatically strong verbs with argumentative semantics; use of authorized constructions that include various means of verbal amplification. The methods of paraargumentation are speech actions using rhetorical means, primarily metaphors (especially conceptual ones), as well as irony/sarcasm. Metatextual amplification of argumentation is achieved with graphic accentuation, which are typographic means (font emphasis) and techniques of expressive graphics (as a rule, exclamation constructions with appropriate punctuation). The maximum amplification of argumentation is provided by the syncretic use of structural, verbal, and metatextual means. The author concludes that the effectiveness of the tactics of emotional amplification of argumentation in the written discourse of the humanities depends on how much the speech actions that implement this tactic are consistent with rational criteria for evaluating the quality of scholarly justification and comply with the institutional norms of scholarly communication.
Intersectional approach in the study of trajectories of sociocultural integration of people with migration experience
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Mikheev Igor S.
Published: February 2023

This article proposes to consider the theoretical and methodological framework of the intersectional approach to the study of migration experience, discrimination and problems of sociocultural integration in general. The article describes an intersectional model of modern capitalist society, which is divided into micro and macro contexts of inequality production. Class, race, ethnicity, gender, and physicality can be viewed as structural positions (statuses) that produce unequal access to labor markets, distribution of income and public goods, and form cultural and social distance between different groups of people, including between the host society and migrants. In intersectional logic, the intersection of statuses generates a system of oppression (domination matrix), which allows a new assessment of the risks and potential of incorporated capitals. Migration experience is heterogeneous, due to the intersection of different statuses (gender, corporeality, ethnicity, race, class), it can have different effects in terms of producing inequality. Social inequality within the migration community (intracategory analysis of the social group of migrants) determines the direction of the trajectories of integration; they will be completely different, taking into account the intersection of statuses for one or another considered social subgroup. It is more and more difficult for people with migration experience to concentrate on the integration process under the influence of two groups of factors: (a) the availability of the digital information environment and transport, which make it possible to maintain intensive contact with the culture and language of the country of origin; (b) lack of an effective integration infrastructure (inclusive, transparent conditions for integration) and xenophobia of the host society. An analytical review of the social, cultural, theoretical prerequisites for the emergence and development of the intersectional approach allows assessing the prospects for intersectionality both in the context of social policy and in the field of academic research of issues at the intersection of diversity, discrimination and integration. With reference to the empirical material of the author's own qualitative research, an attempt is made to conceptually reflect the applicability of this approach in the conditions of Russian society. On the one hand, the ideas that are described in the framework of the intersectional approach seem quite obvious, but at the same time they are classic for the sociological theory of stratification and for the understanding of the root causes of existing inequalities.
Theory of (Un)Planned Behavior? How our behavioral predictions suffer from “unplanned” actions
Authors: Chernozub Oleg
Published: February 2023

An influential model in micro-sociology, the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) provides one of the most popular instruments for the prediction of social actions. Its focal point is the assumption that intentions are obligatory mediators between initial behavioral factors and corresponding actions. If some people break their intentions, TPB interprets this as those intentions have been “inflated” under the pressure of external factors. TPB does not claim to explain these factors, but rather argues that there is a gap between “perceived” and “actual” control over behaviors. In this way, the concept of “unplanned behavior” caused by some uncontrollable external factors emerges. This contribution proposes an alternative approach. Here, we examine an assumption of the existence of internal factors of behavior which are still not accounted for by the current TPB model, but can explain “unplanned” behaviors. As an example of these still uncounted-for factors, we chose an implicit component of general attitudes which is in line with the sociological interpretation of the Dual-System Theory. By demonstrating how this factor contributes to behavior bypassing intentions, we can expand the TPB model to include at least some variants of behavior, which, for now, are counted as “deviant” from predicted behavior. Theoretically, this may lead to a restructuring of the TPB basic model through its enrichment by this factor. In practice, at least some fractions of “unplanned” actions will become accessible for prediction.
RNA extraction protocol for theBungarus multicinctus by usingTRlZOL reagent（Invitrogen） v1
Authors: Liu Boyang
Published: February 2023

RNA was extracted from the muscle of a Bungarus multicinctus using the TRlzol reagent (Invitrogen, USA) and RNA extraction kit (Thermo Scientific, USA) in this protocol.
Indiana University H&E Staining on AKOYA PhenoCycler Flow Cell post Imaging —The Ferkowicz Method v1
Authors: Ferkowicz Michael
Published: February 2023

This protocol was developed by Indiana University researcher (Michael Ferkowicz and colleagues). It described histological staining of tissue sections after imaging with the Akoya PhenoCycler (also known as CODEX) without removing it from Flow cell, which will help with near complete registration of the histology with the multi-fluorescence image obtained from CODEX. The innovative elements of this protocol include the strategic incorporation of an aspiration setup to allow flow of the staining solutions and washings across the Flow cell slide. A video is attached to this protocol to show critical parts of the process. This work was done part of the HubMAP and KPMP efforts
Bead clean-up (single tube) v1
Authors: not provided timothy.creed
Published: February 2023

Protocol for purification of DNA using SPRI beads
A Mini Review on Risk and Potential of Biogas Fed Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
Authors:   Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Bee Huah Lim , Rosli Masli Irwan ,   Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Soh Fong Lim ,   Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia
Published: February 2023

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) can reduce the carbon footprint due to their flexibility of fuel usage by using hydrogen and light hydrocarbon as fuel to convert the chemical to electrical energy. This has made the SOFC an interesting device for renewable applications. SOFC which is able to convert the biogas produces from the water treatment plant directly to electrical energy is a reliable renewable energy application. The performance of SOFC itself can be greatly influenced by the characteristics of the biogas. This is caused by the impurities of the biogas that would degrade the internal reforming aspect of SOFC. Mainly on the anode side degradation due to the formation of carbon, sulfur poisoning, and mechanical instability. The commonly found biogas impurities from the wastewater treatment plant are Siloxanes. The compound is coming from sewage sludge digestion which is the common compound in household cleaning products and cosmetics. The presence of Siloxanes in internal reforming SOFC would lead to the formation of SiO2 which degrade the anode layer and consequently reduces the power generation of SOFC. Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia were also present in the biogas fed from the wastewater treatment plant. These contaminations also showed degradation in the SOFC of the anode. Thus, this work will discuss the contamination compound and its effect on SOFC.
Impact Computation of Electric and Magnetic Field on Farmers Working Near High Voltage Transmission Lines in Pakistan by Developing Software
Authors:   Department of Electrical Engineering, Bahria University, 13 National Stadium Rd, Karsaz Faisal Cantonment, Karachi, Karachi City, Sindh, Ali Basit , Rizwan Muhammad ,   Department of Electrical Engineering, Bahria University, 13 National Stadium Rd, Karsaz Faisal Cantonment, Karachi, Karachi City, Sindh, Fatima Kaniz ,   Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Bahria University, 13 National Stadium Rd, Karsaz Faisal Cantonment, Karachi, Karachi City, Sindh, Shafqat Aqsa ,   Department of Electrical Engineering, Bahria University, 13 National Stadium Rd, Karsaz Faisal Cantonment, Karachi, Karachi City, Sindh, Abbasi Saman ,   Department of Electrical Engineering, Bahria University, 13 National Stadium Rd, Karsaz Faisal Cantonment, Karachi, Karachi City, Sindh
Published: February 2023

In this revolutionized era, electricity has become an essential necessity of humans. People all over the world are concerned about the effects of HVTL (high voltage transmission lines) and their severe effects impacting on their health. Over the last two decades, developed countries have become increasingly concerned about an increase in electromagnetic fields, which poses health risks. The electromagnetic field emitted by HVTL will cause a low current to pass through the bodies. The electricity system produces low frequency electromagnetic field, which lead to the health hazards. The critical problem to those who are living near HVTL, therefore our fundamental task is to let them aware of the risk. Due to harmful exposures of electric and magnetic field, farmers working under HVTL or having their residences, suffering through severe effects in the form of different diseases. The main aim behind this research is to design GUI based software having two parts which helps to bring output of the electromagnetic field exposures with the help of various parameters includes different weather conditions affecting electric field, how people of different ages are being affected through it, identification of the regions need further protection by developing a proper mathematical model. Two approaches were used, one is to interface GUI with different sensors and second is user define function. On the basis of output EMF it will be able to find out the possible disease by using the data of WHO, ICNIRP and the data which is collected from surveys of different regions.
Cardiomyocyte mitochondrial respiration and microviscosity in rats of different ages in heart failure
Authors: Korepanov V. A. , Rebrova T. Yu. , Gorbunov A. S. , Afanasiev S. A.
Published: February 2023

Highlights. Heart failure in older age groups is an urgent medical and social issue. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key link in the pathogenesis of heart failure. In this study we have demonstrated a decrease in mitochondrial respiratory function in old rats. In this age group, the development of heart failure is accompanied by a further decrease in respiratory control. An increase in the mitochondrial microviscosity in older animals may affect the activity of respiratory chain enzymes in heart failure.

Aim. To study the respiratory activity and mitochondrial membrane microviscosity of cardiomyocyte of rats of different ages with heart failure.

Methods. The study involved 22 2- and 15-month-old male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into 4 groups: 2 groups of intact animals of both ages (n = 12) and 2 groups of rats with isadrine model of heart failure (HF) (n = 10). HF was modeled by two subcutaneous injections of isoproterenol hydrochloride (170 mg/kg) at interval of 24 hours. Mitochondrial respiratory activity was assessed using respiratory control coefficient. The microviscosity of mitochondrial membranes was evaluated by eximerization coefficients of pyrene-based fluorescent probe in areas of protein-lipid and lipid-lipid contact. Comparative statistical analysis of independent groups was performed using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test.

Results. A decrease in mitochondrial respiratory control in older rats was shown in comparison with young animals. In the HF model, inter-age difference increases, but at the same time, in younger rats, the development of HF is not accompanied by significant changes in mitochondrial respiratory control. An age dependent decrease in the microviscosity of mitochondrial membranes in the area of protein-lipid and lipid-lipid interaction was revealed. In younger rats, the development  of HF is characterized by a significant increase in microviscosity in the area of protein-lipid and lipid-lipid contact. In older rats, the development of the pathology is characterized by a significant decrease in microviscosity in the area of protein-lipid interaction.

Conclusion. Multidirectional age-related changes in cardiomyocyte mitochondria of rats with heart failure were revealed. It was shown that mitochondria in younger rats retain their functional activity in the HF model unlike older rats.
Radial artery – perspective or fallacy?
Authors: Frolov A. V.
Published: February 2023

Highlights. Radial artery is the second after internal thoracic artery by frequency of use among all of autogenous arterial conduits. Some modern studies indicate the superiority of this conduit to autogenous venous conduits; however, it remains an ongoing discussion.

The article presence an analytical review regarding the use of the radial artery as one of conduits during coronary artery bypass grafting. Historical and contemporary perspectives of its use are given, examples of large-scale studies and results are provided, including the “graft-artery junction” concept.

Abstract. Radial artery (RA) is the second after internal thoracic artery (ITA) by frequency of use among all of autogenous arterial conduits in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), however it is used in less than 13% of cases. The story of RA as a conduit starts in the 1970s, when the famous French surgeon, founder of modern mitral valve repair Alain Frédéric Carpentier proposed to use it. During the development of cardiovascular surgery, RA was actively introduced as a conduit for CABG, and nowadays there are both supporters and opponents of its application. On the one hand, long-term results of CABG with RA are superior to CABG with autogenous venous conduits, whereas the patency of RA is comparable with ITA. On the other hand, RA demonstrates worse angiographic indicators, which could be explained by a diffuse narrowing resulting in complete occlusion; such phenomenon is entitled “string-sign”. Moreover, as in case with other conduits, the site of proximal anastomosis, and harvesting method (open or endoscopic) play an important role in the long-term RA functioning and its resistance to atherosclerosis in grafted coronary arteries, thus making RA a good target for studing and predetermining new perspectives of its use.
Szabo versus provisional stenting of bifurcation coronary lesions
Authors: Kochergin N. A. , Sinkov M. A. , Vakkosov K. M. , Ganyukov V. I.
Published: February 2023

Highlights. This article presents a comparative analysis of the results of PCI of bifurcation coronary lesions using the Szabo technique and provisional stenting in patients with chronic coronary artery disease.

Background. Coronary bifurcation and ostial stenosis are difficult to treat and require precise stent positioning in order to prevent restenosis and thrombosis.

Aim. To perform a comparative analysis of the outocmes of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) of coronary bifurcation lesions using the Szabo technique and provisional stenting in patients with chronic coronary artery disease.

Methods. The retrospective single-center observational study included 791 patients. In accordance with the performed bifurcation PCI technique, the patients were divided into two groups: 42 patients in the Szabo group and 749 in the provisional stenting group. Propensity score matching was performed for endpoint analysis, as a result of which 42 patients were selected out of 749 patients in the provisional stenting group, comparable in baseline characteristics with 42 patients in the Szabo group. Study endpoints were cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and repeat revascularization. A composite endpoint (MACE) including all of the above was also evaluated.

Results. The median follow-up in the provisional stenting and Szabo groups was 1.3 and 1.4 years, respectively. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of mortality, myocardial infarction, repeated revascularization and composite endpoint (MACE 23.80% provisional stenting and 19.04% Szabo, p = 0.594).

Conclusion. Thus, Szabo is technically simple and safe technique for stenting coronary bifurcation lesions in patients with chronic coronary artery disease, which is not inferior in terms of efficiency to provisional stenting.
Components of a healthy lifestyle among tertiary students in Kemerovo
Authors: Pomeshkina E. E. , Tsygankova D. P. , Bazdyrev E. D.
Published: February 2023

Highlights. The results of an online survey of Kemerovo students regarding nutrition, physical activity, smoking, drinking alcohol, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle are presented.

University students do not always follow the principles of healthy living due to poor nutrition, low physical activity and high consumption of tobacco and alcohol products.

Aim. To evaluate dietary habits and modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in tertiary students in Kemerovo.

Methods. The pilot study included 136  university students (aged 20-21  years)  residing in Kemerovo who filled out online questionnaires. The questionnaires were comprised of questions about the preferred diet, lifestyle, level of physical activity, the presence of behavioral risk factors for non-communicable diseases (smoking, drinking alcohol). Additionally, the respondents` subjective opinion about their own healthy lifestyle (HLS) was evaluated.

Results. The obtained data demonstrates a high prevalence of meat and sausage consumption (60%) and a low frequency of vegetables and fruits consumption (26%) among tertiary students. Simultaneously, most of the respondents have restricted the intake of savory snacks and consumption of sweet carbonated drinks. Almost a third of students skip breakfast and regularly visit fast food restaurants. Most of the respondents do not consider replacing red meat with fish or poultry, or using more low-fat dairy products and fruits instead of confectionery in their diet. A third of young people (33%) aged 20-21 have smoked or are currently smoking cigarettes, and more than half (63%) have consumed or regularly consume alcohol. Moreover, a very low percentage of students (7%) devote their time to regular physical activity. The analysis of the respondents` subjective opinion of their lifestyle has revealed that most students do not fully comprehend the concepts   of “healthy lifestyle” and “healthy diet”, because their answers did not meet the criteria of healthy lifestyle. Only 57.7% of respondents who believe their lifestyle to be healthy are actually correct.

Conclusion. Tertiary students in Kemerovo do not always follow the rules of healthy lifestyle. It has been illustrated by their poor nutrition, low physical activity and frequent alcohol and tobacco use. Students associate healthy diet exclusively with not consuming sugary drinks, savory snacks, fast food, and having proper breakfast, which could be caused by the lack of general knowledge about a proper balanced diet.
The role of mentoring in the formation and development of nurses' professional skills: Russian and world experience
Authors: Popsuyko A. N. , Danilchenko Y. V. , Andguladze O. P. , Artamonova G. V.
Published: February 2023

Highlights. The level of professional competence of medical staff is important in rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular diseases. It is important to build nurses' skills at all stages of professional development. The mentoring institute itself is integral to this process, as it ensures knowledge continuity and transfer of experience and best practices from more experienced staff to less experienced ones.

Aim. To analyze existing mentoring practices.

Methods. Using analytical method, content analysis and system analysis, we have analyzed domestic and foreign literature, as well as relevant regulatory and legal documentation for the period from 2017 to 2022.

Results. The objectives of mentoring programs implemented in the practice of domestic and foreign healthcare organizations were analyzed. Existing approaches to its implementation in relation to the role of the mentoring institution in the formation and development of professional skills of nursing staff were evaluated.

Conclusion. The analysis revealed a variety of approaches to the implementation of the mentoring programs for nursing staff. The study results highlight the significant role of mentoring in the formation of professional skills. It is proved that at each stage of mentoring process it is possible to gain knowledge and various skills necessary for medical staff to perform their duties independently.
Imobilidade do acento em não verbos em português
Authors: De Souza Paulo Chagas
Published: February 2023

À semelhança do que fez Cantoni (2013) para o sistema de acento do português como um todo, proponho neste trabalho uma explicação diacrônica para o fato de os verbos terem acento móvel e os não verbos terem acento fixo em português. Adoto uma perspectiva diacrônica, considerando, como proposto nas abordagens de sistemas dinâmicos, que o conhecimento do estado inicial de um sistema nos ajuda a entender seu estado atual. Nesse sentido, examino os paradigmas flexionais de substantivos latinos e as mudanças que ocorreram desde o latim até o português com o intuito de verificar em que medida essas mudanças morfológicas acabaram determinando características do sistema acentual do português. Em sua grande maioria, os substantivos apresentavam deslocamento do acento em seu paradigma em latim. Como é demonstrado neste trabalho, no entanto, o acusativo era o único caso em que praticamente não havia deslocamento de acento em latim do singular para o plural. O fato de o acusativo ter sido o caso lexicogênico do português, isto é, o caso cujas formas deram origem aos substantivos e adjetivos correspondentes do português, acabou tendo como resultado a imobilidade do acento nos não verbos. Ele era o caso de realização mais frequente e, como seria de se esperar numa perspectiva baseada no uso, foi o único caso que sobreviveu. A seção final do texto discute ainda o fato de que as mesmas mudanças diacrônicas fizeram com que as vogais temáticas nominais e adjetivais nunca sejam acentuadas em português.
Sândi Vocálico Externo no Português Vernacular Santomense
Authors: Balduino Amanda Macedo , De Araujo Gabriel Antunes
Published: February 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é propor uma descrição dos três processos de sândi vocálico externo no português vernacular de São Tomé (PST): a degeminação (DG), a elisão (EL) e a ditongação (DT). A partir de um corpus composto por 113 sentenças distintas que apresentavam o encontro vocálico em fronteira de palavra (V#V), analisamos a produção de seis informantes santomenses, totalizando 216 ocorrências por falante ou 1315 tokens totais. Com auxílio do Praat, inspecionamos os dados e mensuramos o encontro vocálico e, quando este era desfeito, a vogal resultante, de modo a detectarmos a implementação dos fenômenos. Esses, por sua vez, também foram analisados conforme diferentes fronteiras (palavra e frase fonológica; sintagma entoacional) e proeminências prosódicas (lexical e de palavra fonológica), além de serem considerados fatores segmentais como a qualidade vocálica dos segmentos-alvo. Constatamos que os três processos são produtivos no PST: 32% DG; 36% EL; 52.5% DT. Ademais, ocorrem em diferentes fronteiras prosódicas: palavra fonológica (ω + ω), frase fonológica (ϕ + ϕ), e, no caso da ditongação, entre sintagmas entoacionas (IP+IP) desde que sua fronteira não seja delimitada por pausa. Em relação ao acento, a proeminência da frase fonológica foi o fator preponderante para impedir os processos em evidência, bloqueando a degeminação,caso o acento da segunda vogal coincidisse com o acento da frase fonológica. Já para a elisão e para a ditongação, o bloqueio ocorreu quando as duas vogais portavam o acento da frase fonológica.