bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moderne Patronage – Mikropolitik in der Moderne. Konturen und Herausforderungen eines neuen Forschungsfeldes
Authors: Engels Jens Ivo , Köhler Volker
Published: August 2019

Der Beitrag ist ein Plädoyer für eine reflektierte Geschichte der politischen Patronage in der Epoche der Moderne. Im Anschluss an die deutlich avanciertere Forschung in den romanischen Ländern fassen wir politische Patronage als integralen Bestandteil moderner Politik und verwenden das von Wolfgang Reinhard für die Frühneuzeitgeschichte adaptierte Konzept der „Mikropolitik“. Anstelle einer oft statischen Netzwerkforschung treten wir für eine Handlungs- und Kulturgeschichte von Mikropolitik in der Moderne ein, unter Einschluss der Normen und Werte, die darin zum Ausdruck kommen. Weitgehend offen ist gegenwärtig noch die Frage, worin die mikropolitischen Spezifika dieser Epoche liegen. Folgende Merkmale scheinen uns gleichwohl charakteristisch: Mikropolitik und Patronage haben im Kontrast zur Vormoderne ein deutlich erhöhtes Legitimitätsdefizit. Die für den politischen Gabentausch zur Verfügung stehenden Ressourcen änderten sich zunächst mit der Industrialisierung und später mit dem Ausbau des Interventionsstaates. Neben der zuvor fast alternativlosen hierarchischen Patronage erhielt in der Moderne die horizontale Vernetzung einen Bedeutungsgewinn – aufgrund neuer Wertvorstellungen, aber auch wegen der diffuseren Verteilung von Ressourcen. Damit traten soziale Akteure aus neuen Schichten auf den Plan. Außerdem entwickelten sich erstmals seit dem 19. Jahrhundert Organisationen wie etwa Parteien oder Gewerkschaften, die ihrerseits als mikropolitische Akteure auftraten und damit das Prinzip der „Organisationspatronage“ begründeten. Schließlich gehörte zu den Kriterien der Begünstigung nunmehr auch die politische Gesinnung.
New reference values for biometrical measurements and sonographic estimated fetal weight in twin gestations and comparison to previous normograms
Authors: Wilkof Segev Renana , Gelman Milana , Maor-Sagie Esther , Shrim Alon , Hallak Mordechai , Gabbay-Benziv Rinat
Published: August 2019

Objective

To construct new reference values for biometrical measurements and sonographic estimated fetal weight (sEFW) in twin gestations and compare them to previously published normograms.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of sEFW evaluations of twin gestations was performed between 2011 and 2016 in a single university-affiliated medical center. sEFW was calculated using the Hadlock 1985 formula. To avoid selection bias, one evaluation per pregnancy was randomly selected. Following mathematical transformation to obtain normality of values, normograms were constructed using a best-fit regression model for estimation of mean and standard deviation at each gestational age (GA). Normograms were validated by applying all observations to ensure equal distribution at parallel percentiles. Our normograms were then compared to previously published sEFW normograms for twin gestations.

Results

A total of 864 sEFW evaluations were performed on 195 twin pregnancies at 22–39 gestational weeks. Of them, 390 entered the primary analysis. The rest were left for validation. Seventy percent of the cohort were dichorionic-diamniotic twins (136/195), 16% (32/195) were monochorionic-diamniotic twins and three (1.5%) were monochorionic-monoamniotic twins. Twenty-four fetuses lacked data on chorionicity. The rest were monochorionic twins or were of unknown chorionicity. Values corresponding to the 2.5th, 10th, 50th, 90th and 97.5th percentiles for sEFW are presented for every GA. Validation by applying all 864 evaluations on constructed normograms was achieved. Comparison to previously published twins’ sEFW normograms demonstrated wide variation between curves.

Conclusion

New reference values for biometrical measurements and sEFW in twin gestations are presented for clinical and research use. Comparison to other curves demonstrates the wide variability and need for further investigation on twin’s normal growth.
Paul Silas Peterson: Is the term “Catholic fascism” necessary? On the historiographical classifications of post-World War I religious-fascist ideology
Authors: Peterson Paul Silas
Published: August 2019

In den historiographischen Debatten über die verschiedenen Ideologien der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts wird der Begriff „katholischer Faschismus“ gelegentlich verwendet, um eine spezifische Version des Faschismus in den 1920ern, 1930ern und 1940ern Jahren zu bezeichnen. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird dieses Konzept in historischer und historiographischer Perspektive analysiert. Dabei geht es v. a. um den religiösen Hintergrund, die verschiedenen begrifflichen Unterscheidungen, die wichtigsten Ereignisse und die ideologischen Zusammenhänge. Der protestantische Faschismus sowie das Konfliktfeld zwischen Katholizismus und faschistischer Ideologie werden auch thematisiert.

In the historiographical debates about the different streams of ideology in the first half of the 20th century, the term “Catholic fascism” has been used on occasion to refer to a specific version of fascism and Catholicism in the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s. The following article analyzes this concept in historical and historiographical perspective, drawing attention to the religious background, the various conceptual distinctions, key events and ideological interrelationships. Protestant fascism is also addressed along with the ideological conflict between Catholicism and fascist ideology. Before turning to these themes, however, the critical role of papal theological and cultural analysis will be addressed.
Effect of Onset Threshold on Kinetic and Kinematic Variables of a Weightlifting Derivative Containing a First and Second Pull
Authors: James Lachlan P. , Suchomel Timothy J. , McMahon John J. , Chavda Shyam , Comfort Paul
Published: August 2019

James, LP, Suchomel, TJ, McMahon, JJ, Chavda, S, and Comfort, P. Effect of onset threshold on kinetic and kinematic variables of a weightlifting derivative containing a first and second pull. J Strength Cond Res 34(2): 298–307, 2020—This study sought to determine the effect of different movement onset thresholds on both the reliability and absolute values of performance variables during a weightlifting derivative containing both a first and second pull. Fourteen men (age: 25.21 ± 4.14 years; body mass: 81.1 ± 11.4 kg; and 1 repetition maximum [1RM] power clean: 1.0 ± 0.2 kg·kg−1) participated in this study. Subjects performed the snatch-grip pull with 70% of their power clean 1RM, commencing from the mid-shank, while isolated on a force platform. Two trials were performed enabling within-session reliability of dependent variables to be determined. Three onset methods were used to identify the initiation of the lift (5% above system weight [SW], the first sample above SW, or 10 N above SW), from which a series of variables were extracted. The first peak phase peak force and all second peak phase kinetic variables were unaffected by the method of determining movement onset; however, several remaining second peak phase variables were significantly different between methods. First peak phase peak force and average force achieved excellent reliability regardless of the onset method used (coefficient of variation [CV] < 5%; intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] > 0.90). Similarly, during the second peak phase, peak force, average force, and peak velocity achieved either excellent or acceptable reliability (CV < 10%; ICC > 0.80) in all 3 onset conditions. The reliability was generally reduced to unacceptable levels at the first sample and 10 N method across all first peak measures except peak force. When analyzing a weightlifting derivative containing both a first and second pull, the 5% method is recommended as the preferred option of those investigated.
Optimization of Process Parameters of Epoxy Granite for Strength and Damping Characteristics Using TOPSIS Method
Authors: Chinnuraj Shanmugam , Ramaswamy Thyla Pudukarai , Venkatachalam Mohanram Pidugun , Nataraj Mahendrakumar , Murugan Ramu , Selvakumar Mohanraj , Dhandabani Shanmugasundaram , ManojKumar K. N.
Published: August 2019

The main requirements for machine tool structures are higher damping, stiffness, and dimensional stability and low thermal expansion coefficient. Compared with cast iron (CI), stone-based polymer composite provides improved damping characteristics, because of which it is being considered as an alternate material for machine tool structures in recent research. In this work, process parameters of epoxy granite (EG) composite were optimized using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method to obtain optimum strength characteristics. The effect of process parameters, namely curing time (A), aggregate mass fraction (B), aggregate size mix (C), curing temperature (D), and stirring speed (E) on static and dynamic characteristics of EG composite were investigated. An analysis of variance test was performed to identify the significant process parameters with a confidence level of 95 %. The predicted process parameters are verified through confirmatory tests, which showed an improved preference value of 0.0948. To obtain optimum strength properties, the recommended optimum process parameters are found to be A = 12 h, B = 0.8, C = aggregate size mix 1, D = 40°C, and E = 90 r/min. Experimental modal analysis also revealed that the damping factor of EG composite with aggregate mass fraction B = 0.8 is 10 times higher than that of CI. Morphological analysis of EG composite using a field emission scanning electron microscope showed that granite aggregates are uniformly distributed with better epoxy bonding characteristics.
Estrogen suppresses bcl2 expression through dnmt1 in Japanese eel ovarian follicle
Authors: Lin Tine-Tsan , Lan Po-Chiang , Hsieh Yi-Jui , Wang Yung-Song
Published: August 2019

Japanese eels are commercially valuable species in Asian aquaculture. This study evaluated whether salmon pituitary extract (SPE) or 17β-estradiol (E2) treatment can induce cytotoxic activity in eel ovarian follicles. Follicular cells died after exposure SPE for 24-h culture in an in vitro culture. Moreover, the E2 treatment also significantly reduced follicular cell counts. These results reveal that the inhibition of follicular cell numbers by SPE may occur through SPE-induced steroidogenesis. Results of a quantitative PCR analysis indicated that adding E2 to the culture decreased bcl2 and increased dnmt1 mRNA expression in Japanese eel follicular cells after 24 h. The results of a promoter assay revealed that E2 significantly increase dnmt1 promoter activity through estrogen receptor-binding site. An in silico analysis predicted several putative transcription factors targeting the bcl2 gene promoter region. Methylation of the bcl2 promoter accounted for the downregulation of bcl2 by E2-mediated dnmt1. The DNA methylation level of the bcl2 gene was significantly higher in E2-treated follicular cells than that in the control group. Finally, the E2-induced hypermethylation pattern of the bcl2 promoter and the reduction in follicular cell numbers were suppressed by adding an MTase inhibitor. Our findings demonstrate that estrogen has a negative effect on the reproductive system of female eels by regulating an epigenetic mechanism during artificial maturation.
Whole Genome Sequence of the Commercially Relevant Mushroom StrainAgaricus bisporusvar.bisporusARP23
Authors: O’Connor Eoin , McGowan Jamie , McCarthy Charley G P , Amini Aniça , Grogan Helen , Fitzpatrick David A
Published: August 2019

Agaricus bisporus is an extensively cultivated edible mushroom. Demand for cultivation is continuously growing and difficulties associated with breeding programs now means strains are effectively considered monoculture. While commercial growing practices are highly efficient and tightly controlled, the over-use of a single strain has led to a variety of disease outbreaks from a range of pathogens including bacteria, fungi and viruses. To address this, the Agaricus Resource Program (ARP) was set up to collect wild isolates from diverse geographical locations through a bounty-driven scheme to create a repository of wild Agaricus germplasm. One of the strains collected, Agaricus bisporus var. bisporus ARP23, has been crossed extensively with white commercial varieties leading to the generation of a novel hybrid with a dark brown pileus commonly referred to as ‘Heirloom’. Heirloom has been successfully implemented into commercial mushroom cultivation. In this study the whole genome of Agaricus bisporus var. bisporus ARP23 was sequenced and assembled with Illumina and PacBio sequencing technology. The final genome was found to be 33.49 Mb in length and have significant levels of synteny to other sequenced Agaricus bisporus strains. Overall, 13,030 putative protein coding genes were located and annotated. Relative to the other A. bisporus genomes that are currently available, Agaricus bisporus var. bisporus ARP23 is the largest A. bisporus strain in terms of gene number and genetic content sequenced to date. Comparative genomic analysis shows that the A. bisporus mating loci in unifactorial and unsurprisingly highly conserved between strains. The lignocellulolytic gene content of all A. bisporus strains compared is also very similar. Our results show that the pangenome structure of A. bisporus is quite diverse with between 60–70% of the total protein coding genes per strain considered as being orthologous and syntenically conserved. These analyses and the genome sequence described herein are the starting point for more detailed molecular analyses into the growth and phenotypical responses of Agaricus bisporus var. bisporus ARP23 when challenged with economically important mycoviruses.
N-Glycosylation of the Discoidin Domain Receptor Is Required for Axon Regeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Shimizu Tatsuhiro , Kato Yuka , Sakai Yoshiki , Hisamoto Naoki , Matsumoto Kunihiro
Published: August 2019

Axon regeneration following neuronal injury is an important repair mechanism that is not well understood at present. In Caenorhabditis elegans, axon regeneration is regulated by DDR-2, a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that contains a discoidin domain and modulates the Met-like SVH-2 RTK–JNK MAP kinase signaling pathway. Here, we describe the svh-10/sqv-3 and svh-11 genes, which encode components of a conserved glycosylation pathway, and show that they modulate axon regeneration in C. elegans. Overexpression of svh-2, but not of ddr-2, can suppress the axon regeneration defect observed in svh-11 mutants, suggesting that SVH-11 functions between DDR-2 and SVH-2 in this glycosylation pathway. Furthermore, we found that DDR-2 is N-glycosylated at the Asn-141 residue located in its discoidin domain, and mutation of this residue caused an axon regeneration defect. These findings indicate that N-linked glycosylation plays an important role in axon regeneration in C. elegans.
Rancang Bangun Home Automation Berbasis Raspberry Pi 3 Model B dengan Interface Aprlikasi Media Sosial Telegram sebagai Kendali
Authors: Sedayu Agung , Yuniarti Elvan , Sanjaya Edi
Published: August 2019

Telah berkambangnya tekonologi home automation pada zaman ini dan salah satunya dengan pemanfaatan smartphone sebagai salah satu pengendalinya. Pada penelitian ini memanfaatkan sebuah aplikasi media sosial telegram dan sebuah single board computer sebagai kontrol pada sebuah home automation. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun sebuah home automation dengan menggunakan Raspberry Pi dan aplikasi media sosial telegram sebagai kendalinya. Dengan studi pustaka dan metode eksperimen penelitian ini berhasil merancang bangun sebuah home automation menggunakan Raspberry Pi 3 Model B dengan interface aplikasi telegram sebagai kendalinya. Dibutuhkan sebuah Bot API telegram agar Raspberry Pi dan aplikasi telegram dapat terhubung. Perangkat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi: single board computer Raspberry Pi 3 Model B, 2 buah relay untuk 2 perangkat elektronik (lampu dan kipas), 1 buah MCB dan smartphone yang telah terinstall aplikasi telegram yang digunakan sebagai pengontrol perangkat elektronik. Hasil dari penelitian ini sudah sesuai dengan tujuannya yaitu merancang bangun sebuah home automation dengan menggunakan Raspberry Pi dan aplikasi media social telegram sebagai kendalinya mensimulasikannya pada peralatan elektronika.
Perancangan Sistem Kontrol Otomatis Berbasis Web Menggunakan Raspberry Pi 3 pada Smarthome
Authors: Qorni Wais Al , Azhar Anugrah , Yuniarti Elvan
Published: August 2019

Biasanya manusia mengontrol perangkat elektronik rumah dengan cara manual tetapi dengan penerapan rumah cerdas maka perangkat elektronik dapat dikontrol dengan menggunakan satu pengontrol pusat saja. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka diperlukan sebuah mini pc yaitu sebuah perangkat komputer kecil atau mini. Mini pc yang digunakan adalah Raspberry pi, dengan Raspberry Pi yang menerapkan teknologi jaringan wireless dan wire yang dihubungkan dengan teknologi smartphone yang saat ini menjadi reward dalam perkembangan dunia teknologi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan kemudahan dalam mengontrol perangkat elektronik yang ada didalam rumah dengan cara pengontrolan terpusat pada sebuah smartphone android. Sistem yang dirancang untuk mengontrol aktif dan non-aktif. perangkat seperti lampu, kipas angin, dan televisi ini dirancang dengan menggunakan LXTerminal pada raspbian, bahasa Python dan Android Studio sebagai sarana untuk membuat perangkat lunaknya. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menampilkan beberapa menu pada display aplikasi disertai dengan meletakkan seluruh perangkat keras yang sudah disusun dengan baik. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa perangkat elektronik seperti lampu, kipas angin, dan televisi berhasil dilakukan pengontrolannya (aktif dan non-aktif).,
Determinação do índice glicêmico da polpa de açaí
Authors: Scholz Fabiane , Silva Flávia Moraes , Conde Simara Rufatto
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: Determinar o índice glicêmico (IG) da polpa de açaí. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo experimental, realizado com 10 adultos saudáveis e eutróficos, de idade entre 20 e 50 anos, de ambos os sexos. Realizou-se dois testes de resposta glicêmica à polpa de açaí e um teste de resposta glicêmica à solução de glicose, em cada participante. Em cada dia de teste os participantes estavam em jejum, foi aferida a glicemia capilar e fornecido o alimento teste ou a solução de glicose. A glicemia capilar foi avaliada aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 minutos pós-prandial. O IG da polpa do açaí foi determinado pela razão entre a área abaixo da curva de resposta glicêmica da polpa do açaí e a área abaixo da curva de resposta glicêmica do alimento padrão (solução de glicose). O valor obtido foi multiplicado por 100 para expressar o IG em porcentagem. A área abaixo da curva de resposta glicêmica foi calculada pela regra trapezoidal. Foi calculada a média do IG de cada participante para determinar o IG da polpa do açaí. Resultados: A polpa de açaí pode ser classificada como um alimento de alto IG (86,07±11,83%) e carga glicêmica intermediária (16,34 g). Conclusão: A polpa de açaí é classificada como um alimento de alto IG e média CG. Sendo assim, a melhor opção de consumo deste alimento, pode ser no contexto de uma refeição, resultando em uma menor resposta glicêmica pós-prandial.
Hospitalização e taxas de mortalidade por diarreia no Brasil: 2000-2015
Authors: Kuiava Victor Antônio , Perin Ana Thereza , Chielle Eduardo Ottobelli
Published: August 2019

Introdução: A diarreia é um dos sinais mais antigos já descritos, atinge todas as faixas etárias, ricos e pobres, países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento apresentando significante relação com a pobreza. Está relacionada à elevada morbidade e mortalidade, sendo o seu manejo fundamental para melhora de indicadores sociais. Objetivo: O presente estudo analisou a evolução das taxas de hospitalização e as taxas de mortalidade por diarreia no Brasil durante os anos de 2000 a 2015. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de agregado temporal, retrospectivo e descritivo de 15 anos (2000 a 2015), utilizando as taxas de mortalidade e de internação hospitalar de diarreia nos 26 estados federais e no Distrito Federal. Os dados foram extraídos do DATASUS e IBGE. Resultados: No período analisado observou-se mais de 3,4 milhões de casos de internações hospitalares por diarreia e 72 mil mortes no território brasileiro. A taxa média de internação foi de 112/100 mil habitantes (IC95%, 100-123). As maiores taxas de mortalidade foram em pacientes acima de 80 anos, com 49/100 mil habitantes (IC95%, 47-52). Observou-se ao longo dos anos uma melhora nos índices pediátricos, porém foi notado aumento da mortalidade e internação hospitalar em estados do Nordeste na população idosa. Conclusão: O Brasil apresentou melhora nos índices de internação e mortalidade por doença diarreica em um contexto geral, possivelmente devido a melhora da infraestrutura social e do tratamento hospitalar, no entanto, cuidados com a população idosa ainda merecem atenção especial principalmente no Nordeste. Contudo, investimentos ainda devem ser feitos para consolidar esse cenário.
Resistência muscular inspiratória em adultos com asma: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: E Silva Cássia De Souza , Da Silva Francieli Almerinda Rodrigues , Pereira Bruna Dos Santos , Heinzmann-Filho João Paulo
Published: August 2019

Introdução: A asma é uma doença crônica que pode acarretar no comprometimento da resistência muscular inspiratória (RMI). Objetivo: Avaliar o comportamento da RMI em pacientes asmáticos. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática, realizada através do Pubmed, Lilacs, Scielo e PEDro. Foram selecionados estudos que avaliaram a RMI em adultos (≥18 anos) com o diagnóstico de asma. Utilizaram-se as seguintes estratégias de busca: 1) Asthma AND Respiratory Muscle AND Physical Endurance; 2) Asthma AND Respiratory Muscle AND Muscle Endurance; 3) Asthma AND Respiratory Muscle AND Muscle Resistance; 4) Asthma AND Inspiratory Muscle Endurance. A qualidade metodológica foi avaliada pela Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation, adaptado. Resultados: De um total de 904 artigos, apenas 04 foram incluídos. Os estudos totalizaram 137 indivíduos, compostos por asmáticos dependentes/não dependentes de corticoides (n=121), além de sujeitos controles (n=16). Para a avaliação da RMI, o equipamento mais frequente foi o uso de êmbolos inspiratórios (3/4), sendo que metade dos estudos utilizou o protocolo de carga incremental (2/4) e a outra parte o teste de carga fixa (2/4). Todos demonstraram redução da RMI em asmáticos adultos, tanto por meio da comparação com um grupo controle (1/4), como através dos pontos de coorte (3/4). Conclusão: A asma acarreta efeitos deletérios sobre a RMI, causando redução da capacidade dos músculos inspiratórios em tolerar uma determinada demanda ventilatória.
Providing Targeted Digital Signage: Possible Solutions
Authors: Sandkuhl Kurt , Smirnov Alexander , Shilov Nikolay
Published: August 2019

Presenting information to a wide audience through digital signage has now become a very popular way in both public areas (shopping centers, exhibitions) and areas accessible by limited groups of people (condominiums, office buildings). This method of information delivery can be used both for advertising and for non-commercial information. Although targeted information delivery to one person (for example, banner ads on web pages) is already very well developed, the design of digital signage systems that provide targeted information has not been paid enough attention. The paper proposes an approach to providing information through targeted digital signage. The research method used in this work is based on the design science research (DSR) approach. This is an approach to problem solving, motivated and initiated by a specific business problem and trying to solve this problem by creating and verifying information technology artifacts, such as prototypes, models, methods, or architectures. Based on this method, the problem was refined, in particular, from the point of view of the housing industry, which led to the development of a new solution to support business processes of stakeholder groups in the industry. Verification of the draft decision showed that additional technological solutions are needed, such as user identification support, search for common preferences for a group of users, ensuring confidentiality of interests and preferences of individual users. The paper also proposes technologies for user identification and finding common interests and preferences.
Formation of Quinary Gordon-Mills-Welch Sequences for Discrete Information Transmission Systems
Authors: Starodubtsev Victor
Published: August 2019

An algorithm for the formation of the quinary Gordon-Mills-Welch sequences (GMWS) with a period of N=54-1=624 over a finite field with a double extension GF[(52)2] is proposed. The algorithm is based on a matrix representation of a basic M-sequence (MS) with a primitive verification polynomial hмs(x) and a similar period. The transition to non-binary sequences is determined by the increased requirements for the information content of the information transfer processes, the speed of transmission through communication channels and the structural secrecy of the transmitted messages. It is demonstrated that the verification polynomial hG(x) of the GMWS can be represented as a product of fourth-degree polynomials-factors that are indivisible over a simple field GF(5). The relations between roots of the polynomial hмs(x) of the basic MS and roots of the polynomials hсi(x) are obtained. The entire list of GMWS with a period N=624 can be formed on the basis of the obtained ratios. It is demonstrated that for each of the 48 primitive fourth-degree polynomials that are test polynomials for basis MS, three GMWS with equivalent linear complexity (ELC) of ls=12, 24, 40 can be formed. The total number of quinary GMWS with period of N=624 is equal to 144. A device for the formation of a GMWS as a set of shift registers with linear feedbacks is presented. The mod5 multipliers and summators in registers are arranged in accordance with the coefficients of indivisible polynomials hсi(x). The symbols from the registers come to the adder mod5, on the output of which the GMWS is formed. Depending on the required ELC, the GMWS forming device consists of three, six or ten registers. The initial state of cells of the shift registers is determined by the decimation of the symbols of the basic MS at the indexes of decimation, equal to the minimum of the exponents of the roots of polynomials hсi(x). A feature of determining the initial States of the devices for the formation of quinary GMWS with respect to binary sequences is the presence of cyclic shifts of the summed sequences by a multiple of N/(p–1). The obtained results allow to synthesize the devices for the formation of a complete list of 144 quinary GMWS with a period of N=624 and different ELC. The results can also be used to construct other classes of pseudo-random sequences that allow analytical representation in finite fields.
Definition of Set of diagnostic Parameters of System based on the Functional Spaces Theory
Authors: Senchenkov Valentin , Absalyamov Damir , Avsyukevich Dmitriy
Published: August 2019

The development of methodical and mathematical apparatus for formation of a set of diagnostic parameters of complex technical systems, the content of which consists of processing the trajectories of the output processes of the system using the theory of functional spaces, is  considered in this paper. The trajectories of the output variables are considered as Lebesgue measurable functions. It ensures a unified approach to obtaining diagnostic parameters regardless  a physical nature of these variables and a set of their jump-like changes (finite discontinuities of trajectories). It adequately takes into account a complexity of the construction, a variety of physical principles and algorithms of systems operation. A structure of factor-spaces of measurable square Lebesgue integrable functions, ( spaces) is defined on sets of trajectories. The properties of these spaces allow to decompose the trajectories by the countable set of mutually orthogonal directions and represent them in the form of a convergent series. The choice of a set of diagnostic parameters as an ordered sequence of coefficients of decomposition of trajectories into partial sums of Fourier series is substantiated. The procedure of formation of a set of diagnostic parameters of the system, improved in comparison with the initial variants, when the trajectory is decomposed into a partial sum of Fourier series by an orthonormal Legendre basis, is presented. A method for the numerical determination of the power of such a set is proposed.

New aspects of obtaining diagnostic information from the vibration processes of the system are revealed. A structure of spaces of continuous square Riemann integrable functions ( spaces) is defined on the sets of vibrotrajectories. Since they are subspaces in the afore mentioned factor-spaces, the general methodological bases for the transformation of vibrotrajectories remain unchanged. However, the algorithmic component of the choice of diagnostic parameters becomes more specific and observable. It is demonstrated by implementing a numerical procedure for decomposing vibrotrajectories by an orthogonal trigonometric basis, which is contained in spaces. The processing of the results of experimental studies of the vibration process and the setting on this basis of a subset of diagnostic parameters in one of the control points of the system is provided.

The materials of the article are a contribution to the theory of obtaining information about the technical condition of complex systems. The applied value of the proposed development is a possibility of their use for the synthesis of algorithmic support of automated diagnostic tools.
Normalised behaviour of a non-plastic silt–pumice sand mixture
Authors: Zuo Lu , Baudet Beatrice A.
Published: August 2019

The existence and failures of silty sand have been reported worldwide, and the behaviour of sand–silt mixtures at small to large strains has been intensively studied. Owing to the relatively low stress level achieved in laboratory testing, no unifying framework has yet been proposed for sand–silt mixtures. In the presented work, a crushable sand, made of pumice, was used as host sand so as to reach a unique normal compression line under pressures easily attainable in the laboratory. The sand was combined with non-plastic fines in proportions varying between 0 and 100%, and tested in compression and shearing with associated bender element testing for small-strain stiffness measurements. The unique relationship between pressure and volume on the normal compression line allowed for the normalisation of the data in a way that highlights the effects of fines irrespective of the density. It was found that once the effects of the fines on the index properties and compressibility have been cancelled, by normalising for volume, the behaviour of the sand–silt mixtures can be characterised as unique.
Manipulating the epileptic brain using stimulation: a review of experimental and clinical studies
Authors: Saillet Sandrine , Langlois Mélanie , Feddersen Berend , Minotti Lorella , Vercueil Laurent , Chabardès Stephan , David Olivier , Depaulis Antoine , Deransart Colin , Kahane Philippe
Published: August 2019

Neurostimulation represents an interesting alternative therapy for patients resistant to drug treatment or who cannot benefit from resective surgery. Theoretically, neurostimulation allows the control of seizures to be tailored to the individual patient and specific form of epilepsy. Here, we review both experimental and clinical studies that have reported the possible control of epileptic seizures by means of different approaches using electrical stimulation (vagus nerve stimulation, deep brain stimulation and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation). The rationale for targeting specific areas that have thus far been considered (i.e., vagus nerve, cerebellum, anterior or centromedial thalamus, basal ganglia, cortex and temporal lobe) is addressed in the light of experimental data and clinical effectiveness in different models and forms of epilepsy. The type of seizures that can be considered for neurostimulation, as well as the optimal parameters such as stimulation frequency and modes of stimulation (chronic, continuous or adaptative), are discussed to determine the best candidates for such a therapeutic strategy. This review points out the need for improved knowledge of neural circuits that generate seizures and/or allow their propagation, as well as a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of neurostimulation.
Changes in white matter microstructure in patients with TLE and hippocampal sclerosis
Authors: Knake Susanne , Salat David H. , Halgren Eric , Halko Mark A. , Greve Douglas N. , Grant P. Ellen
Published: August 2019

Objective

Patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) due to hippocampal sclerosis (HS) often show ictal and interictal propagation of epileptiform EEG activity to the ipsilateral temporal neocortex, the ipsilateral frontal lobe or the contralateral hippocampus, although structural MRI only shows unilateral involvement of the hippocampal formation. We used whole‐head diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) to delineate a network that facilitates propagation of interictal epileptiform and seizure activity in this patient group.

Methods

Isotropic 2 mm DTI was performed at 3 Tesla in 12 patients with medically intractable left TLE due to HS and compared to 12 controls. Whole‐brain maps of fractional anisotropy (FA) were compared using a voxel based t‐test to search for regions affected in patients with HS. This preliminary analysis was complementary to a set of anatomically guided region of interest (ROI) analyses that were manually defined on each individual's FA map.

Results

Left HS patients showed FA decreases in the temporal lobe white matter bilaterally, the ipsilateral frontal lobe white matter (WM) and in the genu and trunk of the corpus callosum. ROI analysis identified a significant FA decrease in left HS subjects in the affected hippocampus, WM of the ipsilateral parahippocampal gyrus and the genu and trunk of the corpus callosum.

Conclusion

WM alterations occur bilaterally in the temporal lobe and in the ipsilateral superior frontal gyrus in left HS. The etiology and significance of these changes are unclear but the role of these regions in epileptogenesis and for pathways of epileptic spread should be further investigated.
Seizures in Alzheimer's disease: a retrospective study of a cohort of outpatients
Authors: Bernardi Silvia , Scaldaferri Nicola , Vanacore Nicola , Trebbastoni Alessandro , Francia Ada , D'Amico Aurelio , Prencipe Massimiliano
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The aim of our study was to define the frequency of seizures in a population of outpatients attending a cognitive function clinic in Italy and to identify risk factors for seizures in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we analyzed our clinical records to gather information on patients' demographic, metabolic, cardiovascular and cognitive features. We sought to determine the significance of abnormal neuroimaging findings and the use of potentially epileptogenic drugs on the onset of seizures. From the records of 583 patients referred to the clinic for cognitive disturbances, we identified 145 patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Results

Of these 145 patients, 14 (9.7%) had a history of complex partial or generalised seizures, or both. Of the risk factors identified, onset of seizures was associated with male gender and none of the patients with seizures had diabetes. The risk of seizure onset was higher in Alzheimer's disease patients with hyperlipaemia and severe dementia. No other risk factors were identified, although hypertensive patients seemed to be protected.

Conclusions

Seizures in Alzheimer's disease are frequent and often under‐recognized. In elderly patients, especially those with Alzheimer's disease, correct diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent disease from worsening and disability from increasing. Patients with dementia should routinely undergo history‐taking designed to elicit a history of seizures and define patients at high risk.
Focal epileptic seizure induced by transient hypoglycaemia in insulin‐treated diabetes
Authors: Lapenta Leonardo , Di Bonaventura Carlo , Fattouch Jinane , Bonini Francesca , Petrucci Simona , Gagliardi Silvia , Casciato Sara , Manfredi Mario , Prencipe Massimiliano , Giallonardo Anna Teresa
Published: August 2019

Hypoglycaemia, common in diabetic patients treated with insulin, can induce various neurological disturbances. Of these, seizures are the most common acute symptom, mainly of the generalised tonic‐clonic type, with focal events only exceptionally being reported and documented. Hypoglycaemia can modify cortical excitability by determining an imbalance between excitation and inhibition; some brain structures, such as the temporal lobe and hippocampus, appear to be particularly susceptible to this insult. We describe a case of a 61‐year‐old diabetic patient in whom insulin‐induced transient hypoglycaemia triggered a focal seizure of temporal origin that was well documented by EEG during 24‐hour ambulatory monitoring. This is, to our knowledge, one of the few, well‐documented cases of this type of seizure.
Influence of personality on sexual quality of life in epilepsy
Authors: Mölleken Daniela , Richter‐Appelt Hertha , Stodieck Stefan , Bengner Thomas
Published: August 2019

We prospectively investigated the effect of personality on sexual quality of life (SQOL) in 49 epilepsy patients (23 women). Fifteen patients had generalised epilepsy and 34 had focal epilepsy. SQOL was determined using the Derogatis Interview for Sexual Function ‐ Self Report Inventory (DISF‐SR) and personality was studied using the NEO five‐factor inventory (NEO‐FFI). Lower extraversion and female sex were factors associated with decreased SQOL, accounting for 22% of SQOL variance. Our results suggest that particularly introverted women with epilepsy may have an elevated risk of decreased SQOL.
Corpus callosotomy with gamma knife radiosurgery for a case of intractable generalised epilepsy
Authors: Bodaghabadi Mohammad , Bitaraf Mohammad Ali , Aran Shima , Alikhani Mazdak , Ashrafian Hossein , Zahiri Alireza , Alahverdi Mahmud
Published: August 2019

Gamma knife radiosurgery is a minimally invasive procedure which can be used for patients with intractable epilepsies as an alternative for surgical corpus callosotomy. We report a 13‐year‐old boy with intractable epilepsy who underwent radiosurgical callosotomy. The patient demonstrated significant clinical improvement after gamma knife radiosurgery and was free of seizures 10 months after the procedure. However, He developed four short focal seizures with clonic movements during the 20 months post radiosurgery. Corpus callosotomy decreased epileptiform discharges in both hemispheres, indicating a role for the callosal neurons to facilitate an asymmetric epileptogenic susceptible state within the two hemispheres such that bisynchronous and bisymmetrical epileptiform discharges develop. Our result demonstrates that this novel therapeutic approach is a safe and effective option for the treatment of intractable generalised epilepsies.
Angelman syndrome and pseudo‐hypsarrhythmia: a diagnostic pitfall
Authors: Darteyre Stephane , Mazzola Laure , Convers Philippe , Lebrun Marine , Ville Dorothée
Published: August 2019

Angelman syndrome is a rare genetic disorder scarcely diagnosed before the age of two years. We report the case of an eight‐month‐old female presenting with severe hypotonia, myoclonus, suspected spasms and an electroencephalogram with hypsarrhythmic‐like features. She was initially treated with vigabatrin which resulted in worsening of myoclonic jerks. Fluorometric in situ hybridization revealed a chromosomal deletion at region 15q11‐13. We discuss the case and differential diagnosis with other conditions including West syndrome. [Published with video sequences]
Temporal changes in brain MRI findings in Rasmussen syndrome
Authors: Yamazaki Etsuko , Takahashi Yukitoshi , Akasaka Noriyuki , Fujiwara Tateki , Inoue Yushi
Published: August 2019

Introduction. MRI data is essential for early diagnosis and evaluation of surgical indication in patients with Rasmussen syndrome (RS). In the present study, we examined the status and evolutionary changes in MRI lesions to identify the MRI characteristics of RS. Methods. MRI of 15 RS patients was examined regarding frequency and distribution of atrophic lesions on T1‐weighted images and high intensity lesions on FLAIR or T2‐weighted images. Results. In 13 patients, atrophic lesions were observed predominantly in the frontal lobes with various extent of involvement. High intensity lesions were also observed in 13 patients. High intensity lesions were significantly more prevalent in the cortex of patients with later onset and were present in the insula in 37.5% of epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) type patients and in 57.1% of non‐EPC type. Early MRI showed various combinations of atrophic lesions or high intensity lesions in seven of nine patients who underwent MRI examinations within one year of their first seizure. Serial MRI revealed high intensity lesions with characteristic features of regression (20.0% of patients), fluctuation (regression followed by reappearance; 33.3%) and expansion (46.7%). Appearance and reappearance of high intensity lesions in the cortex and/or subcortical white matter were associated with aggravation of seizures. Bilateral high intensity lesions were observed in three patients with unilateral epileptogenic foci, who were successfully treated by surgical intervention. Conclusion. Dynamic evolutionary changes in lesions (regression, fluctuation and expansion of high intensity lesions), as observed on MRI, may be a diagnostic feature of Rasmussen syndrome.
Semiological study of ictal affective behaviour in epilepsy and mental retardation limited to females (EFMR)
Authors: Antelmi Elena , Mastrangelo Massimo , Bisulli Francesca , Spaccini Luigina , Stipa Carlotta , Mostacci Barbara , Mei Davide , Guerrini Renzo , Tinuper Paolo
Published: August 2019

Epilepsy and mental retardation limited to females (EFMR) is a genetic disorder that affects females but spares transmitting males. The condition is caused by protocadherin 19 mutations and is characterised by seizures beginning at around 1 year of age, frequently associated with cognitive regression at seizure onset or later. Seizures can be generalised or focal, exacerbated by febrile illnesses, and grouped in clusters. This report shows the first video‐EEG recording of EFMR, in a 7‐year‐old female presenting peculiar ictal features. [Published with video sequences]
Efficacy of lacosamide on seizures and myoclonus in a patient with epilepsia partialis continua
Authors: Spalletti Maddalena , Comanducci Angela , Vagaggini Alessandro , Bucciardini Luca , Grippo Antonello , Amantini Aldo
Published: August 2019

A 39‐year‐old male with epilepsia partialis continua, refractory to first‐ and second‐line antiepileptic drugs, is described. Lacosamide produced a progressive antiepileptic effect on Jacksonian motor seizures and subsequently on positive myoclonus, which developed into negative myoclonus before complete resolution. Our report confirms the efficacy of lacosamide on focal motor refractory status epilepticus and documents a unique effect of lacosamide on seizure semiology.
Segregation of a haplotype encompassing FEB1 with genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus in a Colombian family
Authors: Caro‐Gomez Maria‐Antonieta , Carrizosa Jaime , Moreno Johanna Tejada , Cabrera Dagoberto , Bedoya Gabriel , Ruiz‐Linares Andres , Franco Andres , Gomez‐Castillo Christhian , Cornejo William , Pineda‐Trujillo Nicolas
Published: August 2019

Febrile seizures and epilepsy are believed to be linked and some forms of epilepsy are associated with a history of febrile seizures (FS). Linkage analysis to seven known loci for FS and/or genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS plus) was performed in a small Colombian family. Short tandem repeat (STR) markers were genotyped and two‐point linkage analysis and haplotype reconstruction were conducted. A maximum LOD score of 0.75 at marker D8S533 for FEB1 at a recombination fraction (θ) of 0 and a segregating haplotype were identified. FEB1 was the first locus to be associated with FS and this is the second report to describe this association. Two genes in this region, CRH and DEPDC2, are good putative candidate genes that may play a role in FS and/or GEFS plus.
Cognitive outcomes of different surgical approaches in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Helmstaedter Christoph
Published: August 2019

Epilepsy surgery is a successful treatment option for pharmacoresistant focal symptomatic epilepsies. However, cognitive impairment is very common in epilepsy patients and may be negatively or positively affected by surgery. Amidst the long‐standing discussion of whether a particular surgical approach for temporal lobe epilepsy patients may be superior with regards to seizure control, a recent meta‐analysis indicated that this is the case for more extended resections. Larger temporal lobe resections, however, raise concerns that more unaffected and functional tissues may be involved, thus causing worse cognitive outcome. This review is based on published reports collected over a long period, with changing diagnostics and surgical methods, and focuses mainly on the experiences of one epilepsy centre. The review highlights the effects of standard versus selective surgery, the different surgical approaches in selective surgery, determinants other than surgery which may affect cognitive outcome, and the methodologically‐important question of outcome assessment and how neuropsychological test selection may bias the result. Overall, from a neuropsychological point of view, individual and selective surgery is preferred in which the aim is to achieve seizure control with minimal effect on the functional integrity of tissues or fibre tracts. Cognition is important for the functions of everyday life and this should be kept in mind, irrespective of which kind of surgery is preferred.
Clinical course of intoxication with the new anticonvulsant drug perampanel
Authors: Hoppner Anselm C. , Fauser Susanne , Kerling Frank
Published: August 2019

Perampanel has recently been approved as an anticonvulsant drug for focal epilepsies. Phase III trials have shown good tolerability, although data regarding effects of high doses of perampanel are not available. Here, we describe the first case of a 34‐year‐old patient with perampanel intoxication and attempted suicide, in which the recommended daily dose of perampanel was exceeded ten‐fold. Clinical signs of the intoxication and possible psychotropic effects are described.