bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A phase 1 trial of TSC-100 and TSC-101, engineered T cell therapies that target minor histocompatibility antigens to eliminate residual disease after hematopoietic cell transplantation.
Authors: Al Malki Monzr M. , Keyzner Alla , Suh Hyung C. , Popat Uday R. , Gill Saar , Chen Yi-Bin Albert , Solh Melhem M. , Gowda Lohith , Buonomo Erica , Wang Yun , Murray Jim , MacBeath Gavin , Barton Debora , Chattopadhyay Shrikanta , Reshef Ran
Published: July 2024

TPS2678

Background: Engineered T cell therapies such as CAR-T cell therapies have transformed the treatment of B-cell but not non-B cell hematologic malignancies. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) remains the best curative option for hematologic malignancies but ~40% of patients relapse post-HCT with up to 90% mortality due to residual disease post-HCT. A potential solution is targeting minor histocompatibility antigens (MiHAs) that are homogenously expressed on all hematopoietic cells and are genetically mismatched between donors and patients undergoing HCT. These mismatches enable engineered T cells to selectively eliminate residual patient hematopoietic cells, normal or malignant, leaving donor cells untouched. TScan has developed allogeneic donor derived T-cell products TSC-100 and TSC-101, targeting MiHAs HA-1 and HA-2 respectively, both presented on HLA-A*02:01. By choosing HCT patients who are HLA-A*02:01 positive (>98% of whom are either HA-1 or HA-2 positive) and donors who are either HLA-A*02:01 or MiHA negative, TSC-100 or TSC-101 can potentially eliminate all residual patient-derived hematopoietic cells after HCT, to prevent disease relapse. Methods: Study NCT05473910 is a multi-center, multi-arm, non-randomized controlled Phase 1 umbrella study evaluating the feasibility, safety and preliminary efficacy of TSC-100 and TSC-101. Inclusion criteria include adults with AML, MDS or ALL eligible for reduced intensity conditioning-based haploidentical donor transplantation from HLA or MiHA mismatched donors. HLA-A*02:01-positive patients undergo HA-1/ HA-2 testing and are assigned to either TSC-100 or TSC-101 treatment arms in addition to HCT. HLA-A*02:01-negative patients in the control arm receive HCT alone. Upon count recovery after HCT, patients in treatment arms receive either TSC-100 or TSC-101, administered as single or two doses. Primary endpoints include adverse event profiles and dose limiting toxicities. Secondary endpoints include relapse rates, disease-free survival and overall survival. Exploratory endpoints include surrogates of efficacy such as donor chimerism rates and kinetics and minimal residual disease (MRD) rates. Donor chimerism is measured by standard STR-based and novel high-sensitivity NGS-based assays to quantify residual patient-derived hematopoietic cells. MRD is measured before and after HCT using flow cytometry and NGS. Together, these assays measure elimination of residual patient hematopoietic cells, malignant or normal, and could provide early evidence of biological activity. Clinical trial information: NCT05473910 .
Phase I, open-label, dose-escalation trial investigating the safety and efficacy of oncolytic virus BI 1821736 in patients with advanced solid tumors.
Authors: Tolcher Anthony W. , Victoria Iván , Germann Nathalie , Luecke Stephan , Bailey Mark , Kordes Maximilian
Published: July 2024

TPS2688

Background: Despite some advances, the need for novel anti-cancer therapies remains high in patients with advanced solid tumors. Although immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors is the preferred treatment for several cancer types, a proportion of patients will have non-responsive tumors or develop resistance. Oncolytic viruses have potential as novel immunotherapies, due to their tumor-selectivity and ability to stimulate a systemic anti-tumor immune response. BI 1821736 is a genetically engineered pseudotype variant of VSV-GP encoding an immune-stimulatory cargo. The VSV-GP backbone is a recombinant chimeric vesicular stomatitis virus modified to replace the innate neurotropic G glycoprotein with the non-neurotropic GP glycoprotein from the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. BI 1821736 selectively replicates and lyses cells with defective interferon signaling, which is seen particularly in cancer cells. The immune-stimulating cargo leads to T-cell priming and reactivation within the immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment. Preclinical efficacy, toxicology, and environmental safety results support BI 1821736 administration in humans. Methods: 1467-0001 (NCT05839600) is a Phase I, open-label, dose-escalation study evaluating the safety and early efficacy of BI 1821736 in patients with advanced solid tumors. The study is enrolling adult patients who have exhausted available treatment options, with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status of 0 or 1, ≥1 lesion amenable to biopsy, and adequate organ function. Patients with brain metastases are excluded unless they have completed brain radiotherapy and are asymptomatic. Patients will receive escalating doses of intravenous BI 1821736 for up to 3 months. Dose escalation will be guided by a Bayesian 2-parameter logistic regression model with overdose control (BLRM-EWOC). The primary objective is to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and/or recommended Phase II dose based on occurrence of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) during the MTD evaluation period of the first treatment cycle (Cycle 1; 21 days). Other safety endpoints include the occurrence of DLTs and adverse events during the treatment period. Further objectives include the assessment of BI 1821736 preliminary efficacy, pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, shedding, and biomarkers. Patients are being recruited from approximately 10 sites across North America and Europe. Enrollment began in May 2023. A total of six patients have received BI 1821736 as of January 29, 2024. Patients are currently being enrolled to dose level 2. Clinical trial information: NCT05839600 .
A first-in-human phase I study of ATG-031, anti-CD24 antibody, in patients with advanced solid tumors or B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (PERFORM).
Authors: Fu Siqing , Piha-Paul Sarina A. , Singh Shivani , Peng Jing , Keenan Bridget P. , Mei Jay M. , Lynch Kevin , Li Ling , Song Ming , Zhang Xiaojing (Amily)
Published: July 2024

TPS2691

Background: ATG-031 is a first-in-class humanized cluster of differentiation 24 (CD24) antibody. By disrupting the interaction between CD24, a ‘do not eat me’ signal on cancer cells, and the inhibitory receptor Siglec-10 on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), it enhances macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of cancer cells and promotes cytotoxic T cell function in the tumor microenvironment. ATG-031 also triggers antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) towards target tumor cells through its immunoglobulin gamma 1 (IgG1) Fc-dependent effects. Preclinical studies indicated that ATG-031-induced phagocytosis transforms macrophages from a tumor-tolerant M2 phenotype to an antitumor M1 phenotype, significantly inhibiting tumor growth both as monotherapy and synergistically with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and/or chemotherapies in mouse models. Methods: ATG-031 is undergoing evaluation for safety and preliminary antitumor efficacy in a Phase I, multi-center, open-label clinical study, PERFORM (NCT04986865), in patients with advanced solid tumors or B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The study includes a dose escalation phase and a dose expansion phase. The dose escalation phase enrolls patients with advanced solid tumors (preferred tumor types: lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, urothelial cancer, and liver cancer) using a Bayesian Optimal Interval (BOIN) design with 3 to 9 patients at each dose level. A priming dose, defined as an initial lower dose followed by escalation to the full treatment dose, will be applied if Grade ≥2 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is observed during the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) period. The dose expansion phase will enroll patients with specific tumor types and will randomize patients into two or more dose levels to determine the recommended Phase II dose (RP2D). The PERFORM study explores an intravenous dose of ATG-031 once every 21 days (1 cycle) to assess DLT during the first two treatment cycles in dose escalation. Key inclusion criteria include histological or cytological confirmation of a solid tumor that has relapsed or has been refractory to standard therapy, at least one measurable lesion per RECIST, and an ECOG performance status of 0 to 1. The study excludes patients with CNS malignancies and those who have experienced Grade ≥3 immune-related adverse events (irAEs) or irAEs leading to prior immunotherapy discontinuation. As of January 2024, 2 sites in the United States have initiated the study, and 4 patients have received ATG-031 treatment at 0.03mg/kg (dose level 1). Clinical trial information: NCT04986865 .
Complete Corpus Callosotomy Brings Worthwhile Seizure Reduction in Both Pediatric and Adult Patients
Authors: Ukishiro Kazushi , Osawa Shin-ichiro , Iwasaki Masaki , Kakisaka Yosuke , Jin Kazutaka , Uematsu Mitsugu , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Tominaga Teiji , Endo Hidenori , Nakasato Nobukazu
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The influence of the age at which complete corpus callosotomy (CC) surgery is performed on seizure outcomes remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the age-dependent aspects of long-term seizure outcomes after complete CC.

METHODS:

We reviewed 41 patients who underwent one-stage complete CC. Seizure outcomes were analyzed for age at epilepsy onset and at complete CC, focal MRI abnormality, and etiology.

RESULTS:

The median age was 7 months at epilepsy onset and 93 months at complete CC. The median follow-up duration was 67 months. Sixteen patients had focal MRI lesions and 4 had only general atrophy. Etiology was identified in 20 patients. For overall seizure outcomes (N = 41), complete seizure freedom was achieved in 5 patients, excellent seizure reduction (>80%) in 11, good (50%-80%) in 5, and poor (<50%) in 20. Freedom was correlated with younger age at complete CC and unknown etiology (P ≤ .05). Freedom was only achieved in patients aged younger than 7 years. Worthwhile (≥50%, freedom, excellent, and good) and not worthwhile (<50%, poor) overall seizure reduction showed no statistical difference in age at complete CC. No related factor was found for worthwhile overall seizure reduction. For drop attack outcomes (N = 31), freedom was achieved in 22 cases, excellent in 5, and poor in 4. Freedom was correlated with younger age at complete CC (P < .05) although freedom was achieved in 4 of 7 patients older than 20 years. Age at complete CC showed no statistical difference between worthwhile (≥50%) and not worthwhile (<50%) drop attack reduction. Worthwhile drop attack reduction was correlated with unknown etiology (P < .05). Complications were mild and transient.

CONCLUSION:

Complete CC is an excellent surgical option based on favorable seizure outcomes and acceptable complications in our present study.
Assessment of the Level of Economic Security of U.S. Steel Companies in the Context of Global Transformation
Authors: Gribina E. , Savchenko E.
Published: June 2024

The article examines the assessment of the level of economic security of U.S. steel companies in the context of global transformation. The issues of monitoring financial and non-financial factors, adjusting the relevant indicators of metallurgical companies, and the timeliness of preventive measures provide a fairly holistic view of the level of economic security of the company.
Personal financial security
Authors: Karzaeva Natalya , Karanina Elena , Karzaeva Ekaterina
Published: July 2024

The textbook contains theoretical lecture material on the discipline "Personal financial security", control questions and tests for preparation for lectures and practical classes and intermediate certification (exam or test). The publication is intended for methodological support of the discipline "Personal financial security" and preparation for lectures on this discipline. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
Some features of the formation of the system  of work of a secondary school for patriotic education (on the example of students of cadet classes)
Authors: Guschina Galina , Harchenko E.
Published: June 2024

The article presents the main results of a comprehensive study of the level of organization of the activities of a secondary school for patriotic education in cadet classes. The main ways of forming the educational system of the school for patriotic education of students are outlined (using the example of cadet classes), evaluation criteria (in quantitative and qualitative terms), methods for determining the level of patriotic education of students and teachers are substantiated. The necessity of creating an integral system of patriotic education in an educational organization, which directly affects the formation of a future citizen of the Russian state, is proved.
A CONCEITUAÇÃO DA CRIATIVIDADE:
Authors: Domingues Jonathan Machado
Published: July 2024

O presente artigo visa analisar as definições de criatividade discutidas durante o ciclo de seminários intitulado "O Processo Criativo", ocorrido na UNICAMP durante o segundo semestre de 1987. A pesquisa adota uma abordagem qualitativa e documental, com foco na análise dos relatórios dos quatro seminários promovidos pelo Núcleo de Estudos Psicológicos e pela Pró-Reitoria do Desenvolvimento Universitário. Esses seminários abordaram perspectivas distintas sobre a criatividade, explorando sua relação com a educação, ciência, arte e psicologia. Ao examinar os relatórios dos seminários, o artigo constrói uma narrativa histórica que abarca as diferentes conceituações de criatividade discutidas durante o ciclo. Dessa forma, o texto oferece elementos valiosos sobre a importância da criatividade em diversas áreas. A pesquisa documental permite uma análise aprofundada das abordagens teóricas e práticas apresentadas nos seminários, fornecendo uma compreensão mais abrangente do fenômeno da criatividade. Através da investigação dessas definições e perspectivas, o artigo busca contribuir para o avanço do conhecimento sobre a criatividade, destacando sua relevância no contexto acadêmico e profissional. Além disso, ao traçar uma linha histórica das conceituações debatidas no ciclo de seminários, o texto oferece uma visão ampla das diferentes visões e abordagens em relação à criatividade ao longo do tempo.
Advancing critical care recovery: The pivotal role of machine learning in early detection of intensive care unit-acquired weakness
Authors: Khattar Georges , Bou Sanayeh Elie
Published: June 2024

This editorial explores the significant challenge of intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW), a prevalent condition affecting critically ill patients, characterized by profound muscle weakness and complicating patient recovery. Highlighting the paradox of modern medical advances, it emphasizes the urgent need for early identification and intervention to mitigate ICU-AW's impact. Innovatively, the study by Wang et al is showcased for employing a multilayer perceptron neural network model, achieving high accuracy in predicting ICU-AW risk. This advancement underscores the potential of neural network models in enhancing patient care but also calls for continued research to address limitations and improve model applicability. The editorial advocates for the development and validation of sophisticated predictive tools, aiming for personalized care strategies to reduce ICU-AW incidence and severity, ultimately improving patient outcomes in critical care settings.
Curative effect of hydrogen peroxide combined with silver ion disinfection on pelvic floor dysfunction
Authors: Zhou Wei , Guo Hua
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) is related to muscle fiber tearing during childbirth, negatively impacting postpartum quality of life of parturient. Appropriate and effective intervention is necessary to promote PFD recovery.

AIM

To analyze the use of hydrogen peroxide and silver ion disinfection for vaginal electrodes in conjunction with comprehensive rehabilitation therapy for postpartum women with PFD.

METHODS

A total of 59 women with PFD who were admitted to the hospital from May 2019 to July 2022 were divided into two groups: Control group (n = 27) received comprehensive rehabilitation therapy and observation group (n = 32) received intervention with pelvic floor biostimulation feedback instrument in addition to comprehensive rehabilitation therapy. The vaginal electrodes were disinfected with hydrogen peroxide and silver ion before treatment. Intervention for both groups was started 6 weeks postpartum, and rehabilitation lasted for 3 months. Pelvic floor muscle voltage, pelvic floor muscle strength, vaginal muscle voltage, vaginal muscle tone, pelvic floor function, quality of life, and incidence of postpartum PFD were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS

Before comprehensive rehabilitation treatment, basic data and pelvic floor function were not significantly different between the two groups. After treatment, the observation group showed significant improvements in the maximum voltage and average voltage of pelvic floor muscles, contraction time of type I and type II fibers, pelvic floor muscle strength, vaginal muscle tone, vaginal muscle voltage, and quality of life (GQOLI-74 reports), compared with the control group. The observation group had lower scores on the pelvic floor distress inventory (PFDI-20) and a lower incidence of postpartum PFD, indicating the effectiveness of the pelvic floor biostimulation feedback instrument in promoting the recovery of maternal pelvic floor function.

CONCLUSION

The combination of the pelvic floor biostimulation feedback instrument and comprehensive rehabilitation nursing can improve pelvic floor muscle strength, promote the recovery of vaginal muscle tone, and improve pelvic floor function and quality of life. The use of hydrogen peroxide and silver ion disinfectant demonstrated favorable antibacterial efficacy and is worthy of clinical application.
Influence of a diet meal plan on pepsinogen I and II, gastrin-17, and nutritional status in gastric ulcer patients
Authors: Zhang Wei-Wei , Wang Xiao-Fei , Yu Hai-Yan , Wang Ling-Fang
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Gastric ulcers (GUs) have a high risk of clinical morbidity and recurrence, and further exploration is needed for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease.

AIM

To investigated the effects of a diet plan on pepsinogen (PG) I, PG II, gastrin-17 (G-17) levels and nutritional status in patients with GUs.

METHODS

A total of 100 patients with GUs treated between May 2022 and May 2023 were enrolled, with 47 patients in the control group receiving routine nursing and 53 patients in the experimental group receiving dietary nursing intervention based on a diet plan. The study compared the two groups in terms of nursing efficacy, adverse events (vomiting, acid reflux, and celialgia), time to symptom improvement (burning sensation, acid reflux, and celialgia), gastric function (PG I, PG II, and G-17 levels), and nutritional status [prealbumin (PA) and albumin (ALB) levels].

RESULTS

The experimental group showed a markedly higher total effective rate of nursing, a significantly lower incidence of adverse events, and a shorter time to symptom improvement than the control group. Additionally, the experimental group’s post-intervention PG I, PG II, and G-17 levels were significantly lower than pre-intervention or control group levels, whereas PA and ALB levels were significantly higher.

CONCLUSION

The diet plan significantly reduced PG I, PG II, and G-17 levels in patients with GUs and significantly improved their nutritional status.
Survey on hospice care attitude of family members of advanced cancer patients at different ages
Authors: Liu Xiao-Li , Li Lun-Lan
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Hospice care plays an important role in improving the quality of life of advanced cancer patients, but controversy remains over whether age affects the attitudes of family members toward hospice care.

AIM

To investigate the attitudes of family members of advanced cancer patients of different ages toward hospice care.

METHODS

The study participants were 175 family members of patients with advanced cancer from January 2020 and October 2022. The participants were divided into youth (< 40 years, n = 65), middle-aged (40–60 years, n = 59), and elderly (> 60 years, n = 51) groups. Researchers investigated and compared the degree of awareness regarding hospice care, attitudes, and whether the family members of patients would choose hospice care.

RESULTS

Among the family members of 175 patients, approximately 28% (49/175) were aware of hospice care. Awareness of hospice care, the proportion of hospice care acceptance and adaptation attitudes, and the proportion of those who chose hospice care in the youth group were higher in the middle-aged and elderly groups (P < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in these three indicators between the middle-aged and elderly groups (P > 0.05). Hospice care was chosen mainly to relieve pain and reduce unnecessary treatment, whereas the reasons for not choosing hospice care were mainly distrust and ethical concerns.

CONCLUSION

The family members of patients with advanced cancer had relatively low awareness of hospice care, while youth had a higher awareness of hospice care, acceptance, and adaptation attitudes, and were more willing to choose hospice care.
Predicting depression in patients with heart failure based on a stacking model
Authors: Jiang Hui , Hu Rui , Wang Yu-Jie , Xie Xiang
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

There is a lack of literature discussing the utilization of the stacking ensemble algorithm for predicting depression in patients with heart failure (HF).

AIM

To create a stacking model for predicting depression in patients with HF.

METHODS

This study analyzed data on 1084 HF patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database spanning from 2005 to 2018. Through univariate analysis and the use of an artificial neural network algorithm, predictors significantly linked to depression were identified. These predictors were utilized to create a stacking model employing tree-based learners. The performances of both the individual models and the stacking model were assessed by using the test dataset. Furthermore, the SHapley additive exPlanations (SHAP) model was applied to interpret the stacking model.

RESULTS

The models included five predictors. Among these models, the stacking model demonstrated the highest performance, achieving an area under the curve of 0.77 (95%CI: 0.71-0.84), a sensitivity of 0.71, and a specificity of 0.68. The calibration curve supported the reliability of the models, and decision curve analysis confirmed their clinical value. The SHAP plot demonstrated that age had the most significant impact on the stacking model's output.

CONCLUSION

The stacking model demonstrated strong predictive performance. Clinicians can utilize this model to identify high-risk depression patients with HF, thus enabling early provision of psychological interventions.
Percutaneous cervical cordotomy for managing refractory pain in a patient with a Pancoast tumor: A case report
Authors: Lu Kuan-Yu , Lin Feng-Sheng , Lin Chia-Shiang , Lao Hsuan-Chih
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

According to the World Health Organization analgesic ladder, cancer-related pain generally begins with pharmacotherapy in a stepwise approach. Nevertheless, some patients continue to experience poorly controlled pain despite medications, particularly when considering adverse effects and self-care quality. Percutaneous cervical cordotomy is an alternative interventional procedure for unremitting unilateral intractable cancer-related pain.

CASE SUMMARY

The patient was diagnosed with lung cancer with destruction of the brachial plexus and ribs. For 2 mo, the patient experienced progressive severe weakness and pain in the right upper extremity. Notably, the pain intensity reached an extreme level, particularly when lying supine, even under heavy sedation. This heightened pain response posed a significant challenge; as a result, the patient was unable to undergo further evaluation through magnetic resonance imaging. Ultimately, he underwent percutaneous cervical cordotomy for symptom relief, resulting in complete resolution of right arm pain. After a 3-mo follow-up, the pain did not recur, and only a flurbiprofen local patch was required for mild scapular tightness.

CONCLUSION

Cordotomy, under careful patient selection, appears to enhance the quality of life of patients with unilateral cancer-related pain.
Hysteroscopic cervical biopsy for women with persistent human papillomavirus infection after loop electrosurgical excision procedure: A case report
Authors: Li Hui , Mei Shan-Shan , Mao Pei-Yu , Wang Xin-Yan , Yang Hua-Di
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Almost all cases of cervical cancer can be attributed to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) is widely used to treat HPV-mediated disease; thus, cervical cancer is highly preventable. However, LEEP does not necessarily clear HPV rapidly and may affect the accuracy of the results of ThinPrep cytology test (TCT) and cervical biopsy due to the formation of cervical scars.

CASE SUMMARY

A 40-year-old woman underwent LEEP for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 approximately 10 years ago. Subsequent standard cervical cancer screening suggested persistent HPV-52 infection, but TCT results were negative. Cervical biopsy under colposcopy was performed thrice over a 10-year period, yielding negative pathology results. She developed abnormal vaginal bleeding after sexual activity, persisting for approximately 1 year, and underwent hysteroscopy in our hospital. Histopathologic evaluation confirmed adenocarcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix.

CONCLUSION

Patients with long-term persistent, high-risk HPV infection and negative pathology results of cervical biopsy after LEEP are at risk of cervical cancer. Hysteroscopic resection of cervical canal tissue is recommended as a supplement to cervical biopsy because it helps define the lesion site and may yield a pathologic diagnosis.
Transposition of the lingual thyroid gland to the submandibular region through a submandibular approach: A case report
Authors: Yin Yu-Ting , Gui Chao
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Ectopic thyroid at the base of the tongue is a rare congenital condition, and it is even rarer to have clinical symptoms and require surgical intervention. This disease is easily misdiagnosed preoperatively. This article reports the diagnosis, surgical treatment, and follow-up of a case of lingual thyroid.

CASE SUMMARY

The patient was a 54-year-old woman who presented with laryngeal foreign body sensation and dysphagia for 20 d. The lingual thyroid was considered for general examination, and surgery was performed to transpose the lingual thyroid to the right submaxillary region. Pathological analysis confirmed thyroid tissue. The patient experienced complete remission after surgery, but developed hypothyroidism and required thyroid hormone replacement therapy, and her thyroid function gradually recovered over time.

CONCLUSION

We report a rare case of lingual thyroid with marked laryngeal foreign body sensation and dysphagia. Symptoms were completely relieved by transposition surgery but postoperative hypothyroidism developed.
CronkhiteCanada syndrome complicated with pulmonary embolism: A case report
Authors: He Mao-Lang , Zheng Yong , Tian Shu-Xin
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Cronkhite-Canada syndrome (CCS) is a rare disease, that causes gastrointestinal polyps, ectodermal abnormalities, and gastrointestinal symptoms. CCS is prone to thromboembolism, but clinical workers have not yet established a clinical consciousness of preventing thromboembolism. The present case illustrates pulmonary embolism (PE) complicated by CCS.

CASE SUMMARY

A 46-year-old male patient presented with mucus, purulent, and bloody stool. Ectodermal changes included skin pigmentation, alopecia, and nail dystrophy. Colonoscopy revealed the presence of multiple polyps. After a comprehensive evaluation, the patient was diagnosed with CCS. During the disease, he was also diagnosed with pulmonary embolism, Riehl's melanosis, and intestinal flora imbalance. After symptomatic treatment with omeprazole, mesalazine, rivaroxaban, nutritional support, and regulation of intestinal flora, the patient’s symptoms were significantly relieved.

CONCLUSION

CCS complicated with PE was reported for the first time in China in this study. Despite the fact that CCS is extremely rare, patients with CCS should be classified as a high-risk venous thromboembolism (VTE) population, and emphasis should be placed on venous thromboembolism risk assessment and stratification, deep venous thromboembolism screening, prevention of VTE, and careful long-term follow-up.
Risk factors for intensive-care-unit-acquired weakness
Authors: Liu Ming , Chen Yu-Tong , Wang Guang-Liang , Wu Xue-Mei
Published: June 2024

Wang et al reported 1063 cases from the initial 14 d of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and analyzed relevant data such as age, comorbidities, recent dosages, vapor pressure dosages, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of ICU stay, and rehabilitation therapy, which are closely related to ICU-acquired weakness (ICU-AW). It is suggested that the length of ICU stay and the duration of mechanical ventilation are the main factors. ICU-AW is the most common neuromuscular injury in the ICU, which affects clinical progression and outcomes of patients. This manuscript helps to improve the early recognition of ICU-AW, thereby reducing mortality and improving prognosis.
A Simple and Rapid Spectro-Electrochemical Analysis of Delta-9 Tetrahydrocannabinol (δ9-thc) using Carbon and Platinum Screen Printed Electrodes
Authors: Patil Ketan , Pandey Astha
Published: July 2024

This research introduces a new voltammetric method for detecting delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), addressing the widespread concern over marijuana's illegal use. Utilizing methanol, potassium nitrate as a supporting electrolyte, and a screen-printed carbon electrode, the study developed a precise approach to identify THC and its functional groups via spectral analysis. Experiments yielded a linear THC detection range from 1.875 to 30 µmol L-1, with a high correlation coefficient of 0.995 and a detection limit of 0.57×10-5µmol L-1. FTIR analysis highlighted a phenol group, undergoing oxidation, as a key indicator of THC presence. To confirm THC in seized cannabis samples, the study applied a spectroelectrochemical method alongside preparative thin layer chromatography for sample purification, using a hexane:acetone mix. This approach efficiently isolates THC, proving the method's effectiveness for forensic and analytical applications in drug control.
Examining the Ecological Footprint of Microplastics: A Holistic Exploration from Genesis to Demise
Authors: Yadav Pooja , Dahiya Sweety , Yadav Sangita , Dahiya Deepak , Rani Manju , Chaudhary Sudesh
Published: July 2024

Microplastics are described as plastic particles smaller than 5 mm in size. Nowadays they are making an increasingly prevalent environmental issue as generated by a variety of products. Microplastics are diagnosed in various environmental compartments like soil, water, and air and affect the quality of them. Manta nets, dust samplers, shawls, trawl etc. the sampling equipment are used. They are identified and characterised by Visual identification, FTIR, SEM, RAMAN etc. This review paper addresses the origins, sources, distribution, adverse impacts and potential hazards of microplastics on the environment and living beings and identification and quantification methods in environmental samples. Also, emphasis on Nanoparticle-mediated degradation of microplastics with titanium dioxide, iron oxide, and zinc oxide via surface adsorption and ROS generation. Integrating nanoparticles into bioplastic degradation enhances efficiency, offering multifaceted solutions for a cleaner, sustainable future.
Effect of NaCl and KCl on the Micellization of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate in presence of Cephradine Monohydrate Through Conductivity
Authors: Islam Md. Sahidul , Khatun Roksana , Gupta Antika Das
Published: July 2024

The effect of NaCl and KCl on the micellization of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) surfactants in cephradine monohydrate (CPDM) has been studied by conductance measurement. In this study, we have examined the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of surfactant solutions in drug-salt systems by conductance measurement in an aqueous medium and electrolyte solutions. In this study, CMC were calculated through piece-wise linear model by identifying a distinct and abrupt change in the specific conductivity (G) as the surfactant concentration increased. In all the experimental cases examined, a single CMC was identified for both the CPDM + SDS and CPDM + SDBS systems. The presence of CPDM in an aqueous solution decreases the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of surfactants, thereby increasing the degree of micellization. The CMC values were found to favorable with an increase of salt NaCl and KCl concentrations. And very tremendously different results were found between CPDM + SDS/SDBS and CPDM + SDS/SDBS+KCl and CPDM + SDS/SDBS+NaCl systems. The result shows very remarkable information about the micellization of surfactants in the presence of drug and salt solutions
Variation in symptoms and morphology of Fusarium spp. on shallot associated with basal plate rot disease in Brebes District, Central Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: MARIANAH LISA , NAWANGSIH ABDJAD ASIH , MUNIF ABDUL , GIYANTO GIYANTO , TONDOK EFI TODING
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Marianah L, Nawangsih AA, Munif A, Giyanto, Tondok ET. 2024. Variation in symptoms and morphology of Fusarium spp. on shallot associated with basal plate rot disease in Brebes District, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2198-2208. Basal plate rot disease is an important disease of shallots that causes losses in the field and storage. The disease is caused by Fusarium complex species, with different levels of virulence and host susceptibility. The six species of Fusarium spp. reported to cause basal plate rot disease of onion were F. oxysporum f.sp. cepae, F. proliferatum, F. redolens, F. solani, F. acutatum and F. tricinctum. Information about the variation in symptoms and morphology of fungi that cause basal plate rot disease on shallots, especially in Indonesia, is still very limited. Besides, the species that cause basal plate rot disease on shallots has not been molecularly confirmed using specific primers. The objective of this study was to isolate, identify, and study the variation in symptoms of the fungus associated with basal plate rot disease. The fungi were isolated from shallot plants symptomatic of basal plate rot disease collected from Brebes, Central Java Province. Eight isolates of Fusarium with different morphologies were successfully isolated and identified. Five isolates were identified as F. solani (isolate BC1, BC2, BC3, BBS1, and BBS4), two isolates as F. oxysporum f.sp. cepae (isolate BC4 and BBS6) and one isolate F. proliferatum (isolate BBS5). All eight isolates were pathogenic on shallots with different levels of virulence and symptom variations. BC4 isolate had the highest level of virulence, resulting in plant death, and was identified as F. oxysporum f.sp. cepae.
Current status of research on Aleurodicus dugesii (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on dutch eggplant
Authors: YULIADHI KETUT AYU , LISTIHANI LISTIHANI , SELANGGA DEWA GEDE WIRYANGGA , SUDIARTA I PUTU , WIRYA GUSTI NGURAH ALIT SUSANTA , TEMAJA I GEDE RAI MAYA
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Yuliadhi KA, Listihani L, Selangga DGW, Sudiarta IP, Wirya GNAS, Temaja IGRM. 2024. Current status of research on Aleurodicus dugesii (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on dutch eggplant. Biodiversitas 25: 2241-2248. Aleurodicus dugesii Cockerell whitefly is considered to be a polyphagous insect which can parasitise a wide variety of hosts. Horticultural crops are the commodity most dominantly attacked by A. dugesii. Information on population density, damage severity, and genetic diversity of A. dugesii in Indonesia is still limited. This research aimed to determine the population density, the damage severity, and the genetic variety of A. dugesii at an eggplant cultivating center in Kintamani District, Bangli, Bali. The research was conducted on 8 plantations in Kintamani District. The A. dugesii was identified through morphology and molecular method of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Aleurodicus dugesii egg placement characteristics are circular, following the wax path formed, and at the underside of the leaf, there would be soft, long wax filament resembling a beard produced during the nymph stage. The highest A. dugesii whitefly population in duct eggplant crops during nymph, pupae, and imago stages were 184.6, 131.3, and 152.2 individuals per leaf. In Kintamani District, the highest damage severity reached 62%. The highest nucleotide homology of A. dugesii DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) was found in the same species from Indonesia and the US, with >97% resemblance. This research enriches the information about the widening A. dugesii distribution area in Indonesia.
A MATLAB approach for developing digital rock models of heterogeneous limestones for reactive transport modeling
Authors: Vafaie Atefeh
Published: July 2024

Porosity is a key parameter controlling the physico-chemical behavior of porous rocks. Digital rock physics offers a unique technique for imaging the inherently heterogeneous rock microstructure at fine spatial resolutions and its computational reconstruction, through which a better understanding and prediction of the rock behavior can be achieved. In this study, we propose a simple but accurate method to build a 3D porosity map of centimeter-scale carbonate rock cores from X-ray Micro Computed Tomography (XMCT) imaging data. The method consists of 3 main steps: i) decomposition of 3D volumetric XMCT data into sub-volumes, ii) processing of equidistributed 2D cross-section images in each sub-volume and iii) 2D slice-by-slice calculation of porosity and its assembly to reconstruct a 3D continuum porosity map over the whole core domain using a MATLAB code. The proposed approach significantly conserves the required memory to manipulate large image datasets. The digitized porosity representations are used to build 3D permeability maps of the cores by applying an explicit permeability-porosity relationship. The permeability maps are used as input for numerical simulation of the rock response to the percolation of reactive fluids through which the general validity of the approach is verified. The developed digital rock model paves the way for an improved understanding of reactive transport in carbonate rocks.
Design and theoretical analysis of broadband bend-resistant low-loss hollow-core anti-resonant fiber
Authors: Cai Mengya , Shi Weihua , Lou Yue , Gu Yuying
Published: July 2024

With the development of modern fiber-optic communication technology, bend-resistant low-loss fiber within the S+C+L bands is essential to meeting the requirements of dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems, and a small-tube-added multi-nested hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (SM-HC-ARF) is proposed. In conventional double-nested HC-ARF, a pair of circular tubes are tangent to both the inner and outer tubes to form a multi-nested structure. A small tube is put in the gap between the nested structure to enhance the anti-resonance effect further. The influence of fiber structural parameters on transmission characteristics is analyzed by the finite element method combined with the perfect matching layer condition. The numerical results show that, in the range of 1460–1625 nm, the bending loss and the confinement loss are less than 1.17 (at a bending radius of 8 cm) and 0.80 dB/km, respectively. Specifically, at 1550 nm, the bending loss is 0.43 dB/km, and the confinement loss is 0.33 dB/km. The broadband anti-bending low-loss SM-HC-ARF can be expected to apply in the DWDM system and other optical communication technologies.
Dual parameter sensor for RI and temperature detection by cascading Ag/WO3 film PCF and Ag/MoS2/PDMS film PCF
Authors: Li Kaifeng , Li Shuguang , Guo Pengxiao , Du Hao , Zhang ZhiBing
Published: July 2024

Multi-parameter surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors generally have low detection sensitivity due to detection wavelength limitations. We developed a two-parameter SPR sensor for refractive index (RI) and temperature detection by cascading Ag/WO3 film photonic crystal fiber (PCF) and Ag/MoS2 film PCF together. By using WO3 film with a low effective refractive index to prevent oxidation of silver-based PCF and maintain a wider RI sensing channel detection band; at the same time, MoS2 film with a high effective refractive index is used to modulate the detection range of temperature sensing channel. The detection performance and stability of the two-parameter SPR sensor were verified by software simulation and experiments. The data results indicate that the sensor can perform stable and independent tests during RI and temperature detection. The maximum sensitivity of the sensor within the RI detection range of 1.333 to 1.395 is as high as 6443 nm/RIU; the maximum temperature sensitivity within the temperature detection range of 40 °C∼90 °C is 8.72 nm/°C. This sensor can achieve high-sensitivity RI measurement in a high-temperature environment. This will have broad application prospects in the field of biochemistry.
Bit weight-aware high-fidelity digital RoF fronthaul based on dual-drive MZM and chirp-dispersion Interaction
Authors: Hu Yimin , Zhu Yixiao , Zhang Ziheng , Zhuge Qunbi , Hu Weisheng
Published: July 2024

Digital radio-over-fiber (D-RoF) quantizes the wireless waveform to improve the noise tolerance in fronthaul links. Unlike conventional data transmission, the quantization bits exhibit different weights, offering a new strategy to protect the high-weight bits. By introducing a dual-drive MZM (DD-MZM)-based optical transmitter, the interaction between frequency chirp and chromatic dispersion (CD) results in eye closure/open. Such an effect would potentially achieve higher fidelity of the reconstructed wireless signal in the SNR-limited region. In this paper, we first establish a theoretical model for chirp and dispersion-induced eye closure/open, characterizing the influence of fiber length and baud rate on the constellation interval. We then propose two protection schemes for 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4), in which the high- and low-weight bits are interleaved and loaded onto the upper or lower arms of DD-MZM to leverage the negative or positive chirp. Furthermore, we extend to high-order modulation formats and propose two uneven optical PAM-8 schemes with different frequency chirps, which protect one or two of the three bits in each PAM-8 symbol, respectively. The chirp-dispersion interaction-enabled uneven optical PAM-4/8 schemes are experimentally demonstrated in intensity modulation and direct detection (IM-DD) D-RoF system. We compare the performance with chirp-free PAM-4/8 schemes generated by differential-driven mode. Then, we adopt the µ-law quantizer to verify the effectiveness of the proposed schemes and the Lloyd-Max algorithm-based quantizer to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). With the help of chirp-dispersion interaction-enabled uneven optical PAM-4/8 schemes, the experimental results show 11.3-dB and 4.8-dB SNR gains of the wireless signal after 5-km fiber transmission, respectively.
Heterogeneous quantum dot lasers on low-confinement silicon nitride with reduced-bending architecture
Authors: Morin Theodore J. , Camponeschi Federico , Feng Kaiyin , Dumont Mario , Bowers John E.
Published: July 2024

Low-confinement silicon nitride (SiN) waveguides offer ultra-low losses
but require wide bend radii to avoid radiative losses. To realize the
benefits of silicon nitride in a heterogeneous laser while maintaining
a small footprint, we employ metal-coated etched facets and
transversely coupled Fabry–Perot resonators as mirrors. Heterogeneous
quantum dot lasers are fabricated using an on-chip facet plus
adiabatic taper coupler, and Fabry–Perot cavities are defined by metal
mirrors and post-grating-distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs).
Threshold current densities below 250 A/cm2 are observed,
and a power >15 mW is measured in an integrating sphere. A laser
linewidth of <5 MHz is measured by tuning two lasers to about 50
MHz apart and measuring their beatnote on a photodiode. The total
device footprint is <1 mm2.
Efficient yellow Dy:ZBLAN fiber laser with high-brightness diode-pumping at 450 nm
Authors: Demaimay Jonathan , Kifle Esrom , Loiko Pavel , Pau Florence , Recoque Gilles , Georges Thierry , Rault Thiphaine , Bodin Laurine , Joulain Franck , Camy Patrice , Braud Alain
Published: July 2024

We report on a low-threshold efficient yellow Dy-fiber laser with good beam quality featuring high-brightness pumping. It employs a single-clad 0.2 mol% Dy:ZBLAN fiber pumped by two 450-nm blue GaN laser diodes. The continuous-wave Dy-fiber laser delivers a maximum output power of 109 mW at 575 nm with a laser threshold of 218 mW, a slope efficiency of 19.6%, and beam quality factors M2x,y ∼ 1.5. The overall optical efficiency versus incident pump power is 13.9%, being record-high, to the best of our knowledge, for this type of laser. The laser performance is simulated based on the spectroscopic data, being in good agreement with the experiment.
Coupled photothermal vortices for capture, sorting, and transportation of particles
Authors: Kang Weide , Luan TianYang , Zhou Wei , Yin Yicong , Liu Liping , Wang Shiyue , Li Zongbao , Yang Jianxin , Ho Ho-Pui , Shou Qian , Xing Xiaobo
Published: July 2024

Optofluidic techniques have evolved as a prospering strategy for microparticle manipulation via fluid. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of manipulation with simple preparation, easy operation, and multifunctional integration. In this Letter, we present an optofluidic device based on a graphite oxide (GO)-coated dual-fiber structure for multifunctional particle manipulation. By changing the optical power and the relative distance of the fibers, the system can excite thermal fluidic vortices with three inter-coupled states, namely uncoupled, partially coupled and completely coupled states, and therefore can realize capture, sorting, and transportation of the target particles. We conduct a numerical analysis of the whole system, and the results are consistent with the experimental phenomena. This versatile device can be utilized to manipulate target particles in complex microscopic material populations with the advantages of flexible operation, user-friendly control, and low cost.