bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contrasting seismic risk for Santiago, Chile, from near-field and distant earthquake sources
Authors: Hussain Ekbal , Elliott John R. , Silva Vitor , Vilar-Vega Mabé , Kane Deborah
Published: March 2019

Abstract. More than half of all the people in the world now live in dense urban centres. The rapid expansion of cities, particularly in low-income nations, has enabled the economic and social development of millions of people. However, many of these cities are located near active tectonic faults that have not produced an earthquake in recent memory, raising the risk of losing the hard-earned progress through a devastating earthquake. In this paper we explore the possible impact that earthquakes can pose to the city of Santiago in Chile from various potential near-field and distant earthquake sources. We use high resolution stereo satellite imagery and derived digital elevation models to accurately map the trace of the San Ramón Fault, a recently recognised active fault located along the eastern margins of the city. We use scenario based seismic risk analysis to compare and contrast the estimated damage and losses to the city from several potential earthquake sources and one past event, comprising (i) rupture of the San Ramón Fault, (ii) a hypothesised buried shallow fault beneath the centre of the city, (iii) a deep intra-slab fault, and (iv) the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake. We find that there is a strong magnitude-distance trade-off in terms of damage and losses to the city, with smaller magnitude earthquakes on more local faults, in the magnitude range 6–7.5, producing 9 to 17 times more damage to the city and estimated fatalities compared to the great magnitude 8+ earthquakes located offshore on the subduction zone. Our calculations for this part of Chile show that unreinforced masonry structures are the most vulnerable to these types of earthquake shaking. We identify particularly vulnerable districts, such as Ñuñoa, Santiago and Macul, where targeted retrofitting campaigns would be most effective at reducing potential economic and human losses. Due to the potency of near-field earthquake sources demonstrated here, our work highlights the importance of also identifying and considering proximal minor active faults for cities in seismic zones globally, in addition to the more major distant large fault zones that are typically focused on in the assessment of hazard.
Firn data compilation reveals widespread decrease of firn air content in western Greenland
Authors: Vandecrux Baptiste , MacFerrin Michael , Machguth Horst , Colgan William T. , van As Dirk , Heilig Achim , Stevens C. Max , Charalampidis Charalampos , Fausto Robert S. , Morris Elizabeth M. , Mosley-Thompson Ellen , Koenig Lora , Montgomery Lynn N. , Miège Clément , Simonsen Sebastian B. , Ingeman-Nielsen Thomas , Box Jason E.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. A porous layer of multi-year snow known as firn covers the
Greenland-ice-sheet interior. The firn layer buffers the ice-sheet
contribution to sea-level rise by retaining a fraction of summer melt as
liquid water and refrozen ice. In this study we quantify the Greenland
ice-sheet firn air content (FAC), an indicator of meltwater retention
capacity, based on 360 point observations. We quantify FAC in both the
uppermost 10 m and the entire firn column before interpolating FAC over the
entire ice-sheet firn area as an empirical function of long-term mean air
temperature (Ta‾) and net snow accumulation
(c˙‾). We estimate a total ice-sheet-wide FAC of 26 800±1840 km3, of which 6500±450 km3 resides within the
uppermost 10 m of firn, for the 2010–2017 period. In the dry snow area
(Ta‾≤-19 ∘C), FAC has not changed
significantly since 1953. In the low-accumulation percolation area
(Ta‾>-19 ∘C and c˙‾≤600 mm w.e. yr−1), FAC has decreased by 23±16 % between
1998–2008 and 2010–2017. This
reflects a loss of firn retention capacity of between 150±100 Gt and
540±440 Gt, respectively, from the top 10 m and entire firn column.
The top 10 m FACs simulated by three regional climate models (HIRHAM5,
RACMO2.3p2, and MARv3.9) agree within 12 % with observations. However,
model biases in the total FAC and marked regional differences highlight the
need for caution when using models to quantify the current and future FAC and
firn retention capacity.
Supraglacial pond evolution in the Everest region, central Himalaya, 2015–2018
Authors: Taylor Caroline J. , Carr J. Rachel
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Supraglacial ponds are characteristic of debris-covered glaciers and greatly enhance local melt rates. They can grow rapidly and coalesce to form proglacial lakes, which represent a major hazard. Here, we use Sentinel-2A satellite imagery (10 m) to quantify the spatiotemporal changes of 6,425 supraglacial ponds for 10 glaciers in the Everest region, Nepal, between 2015 and 2018. During the study period, ponded area increased on all glaciers, but showed substantial temporal and spatial variation, and the rate of pond growth increased substantially relative to 2000–2015 (Watson et al., 2016). Both Imja and Spillway Lake expanded and Khumbu Glacier developed a chain of connected ponds. 54 % of ponds were associated with an ice-cliff, but the proportion of ponds with cliffs decreased during the study period. Pond location generally corresponded to lower surface velocity, but this relationship was not ubiquitous. Ponds are now predominantly found at mid-elevations on our study glaciers, suggesting that conditions conducive to pond formation have advanced up-glacier compared to general theory. Results demonstrate the need to utilize high-resolution imagery (
Effects of toll road construction on local road projects in Indonesia
Authors: Andani I.G. Ayu , La Paix Puello Lissy , Geurs Karst
Published: March 2019

This study investigates the extent to which the construction of national toll roads in the Jakarta–Bandung region in Indonesia induces the development of local road projects nearby. In doing so, we disentangle the direct and indirect supply effects by considering the year of construction and urban development, respectively. We formulate four binary logit models to examine the direct and indirect relationships between toll road construction and local road projects. The dataset comprises 94 road projects planned or carried out between 2004 and 2016. We conduct interviews with local officials in the Jakarta–Bandung area to obtain data on the projects’ decision-making processes. Our modelling results show that existing and planned toll roads induce the development of local road projects both directly and indirectly. Local road projects tend to be developed in anticipation of the opening of a toll road. The changes in residential area and population around the toll roads also induce local road construction.
Evaluating the Effect of Using Mobile Phone Reminders on the Adherence to Children and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Attending Outreach Appointments
Authors: Hobabagabo Arsene Florent , Wong Rex , El-Halabi Soha , Rwagasore Edison , Niyonsenga Simon-Pierre , Gishoma Crispin , Uwingabire Etienne , Mukamazimpaka Alvera , El-Khatib Ziad
Published: March 2019

Effective management of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) requires that people living with the condition attend regular clinical visits. The Rwanda Diabetes Association (RDA) asks young T1DM patients to attend quarterly outreach visits, and prior to the visits, RDA issues reminders via local radio stations. However, adherence in attending clinical appointments has remained low.Since Rwanda has a high mobile phone penetration rate, a pilot intervention study was conducted exploring the use of mobile phone call reminders and Short Message Service (SMS) messages to increase T1DM patients’ attendance of RDA’s quarterly outreach visits. The control group was exposed to only the regular radio broadcast, while the intervention group received reminder phone calls or SMS messages 72 hours prior to their appointments in addition to the regular radio broadcast.The attendance rate was significantly different between the 14 control patients and 35 intervention patients, with 23.3% (3/14) and 76.7% (27/35) attending visits, respectively (P=0.048). The results suggest that using mHealth methods (phone call/SMS reminders) can be effective in improving health outcomes, improving the adherence of T1DM patients to follow-up visits with minimal added cost. The total cost was 0.37 USD per person, compared to potential 672.40 USD for each lost treatment, indicating the intervention is cost-effective in that it minimizes loss to follow up in resource-limited settings. Further research is needed to evaluate the feasibility of scaling up the pilot project and to understand whether improved attendance is sustained long-term.
The Importance of Leadership Education in University: Self-Leadership Example
Authors: Bozyigit Elif
Published: March 2019

Self-leadership is a form of leadership that has emerged in the last quarter of a century. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a difference in self-leadership strategies between students who choose leadership course and do not choose. The sample of this research consisted of 144 sports management students in 2018; 35 female (24.3%) and 109 male (75.7%). The average age of students is 22.38 (sd=2.88). While 30 students (20.8%) stated that they chose leadership course, 114 students (79.2%) stated that they did not choose leadership course. In this study, the Turkish version of Abbreviated Self-Leadership Questionnaire (ASLQ) was used as a data collection tool, but original ASLQ was developed by Houghton et al. (2012). The Turkish version of the scale was adopted by Şahin (2015). As a result of the reliability analysis, the Cronbach’s alpha value was found to be .74. There was a significant difference between ASLQ total scores of students who choose the leadership course and do not choose (yes/no). There was a significant difference between students who choose the leadership course and do not choose (yes/no) and the subscale scores; behavior awareness and volition, constructive cognition, and task motivation. According to the results obtained through the analysis, hypothesis 1 and 2 were accepted.
Examination of Teachers’ Perceptions about Servant Leadership and Organizational Commitment
Authors: Palta Ayşegül
Published: March 2019

The issue of leadership has been debated by people since ancient times. When literature review is done in this field, it has seen that leadership was defined by many scientists and different approaches have been created about the subject Servant leadership is an understanding that reappears in the modern world and that leaders are accountable to their followers and go back to historical antiquity. Organizational commitment is the degree of integration and identification that an individual feels for an organization. Many researches have been done so far on organizational commitment. Low organizational commitment has individual and organizational negative consequences such as being late for work, absenteeism, low performance and even leaving the job. The purpose of this study is to investigate teachers’ perceptions about servant leadership and organizational commitment. 149 teachers answered the scales. Survey and correlational model were preferred. According to the findings, teachers’ perceptions about servant leadership and organizational commitment don’t vary in accordance with gender, branch, tenure in school and seniority. Organizational commitment of teachers and servant leadership perceptions are related to each other. This relationship is positive and low.
Influence of Salary, Promotion, and Recognition toward Work Motivation among Government Trade Agency Employees
Authors: Abu Hassan Asaari Muhammad Hasmi , Mat Desa Nasina , Subramaniam Loganathan
Published: March 2019

Reward and work motivation are very important for an organization, as this can be used to direct the staffs towards achieving the goals of the organization. Moreover, rewarding and motivating efficient employees will boost the employee's productivity. This situation has no exception to a trade agency that has an objective to promote an ethical domestic trade while protecting the interests of the consumers. Moreover, its responsibilities include monitoring domestic trade, advocating and protecting consumers' rights, protection of intellectual properties as well as registration and governance of businesses. In exercising the responsibilities, the trade agency makes and reviews related laws and policies, monitors the prices of essential items and carries out enforcement activities to maintain a healthy domestic trade environment. Furthermore, the trade agency is also responsible for coordinating the policies, licensing, regulations, and activities related to the safety of petroleum, petrochemical and gas industry. The purpose of this research is to investigate the reward, namely salary, promotion, and recognition toward work motivation factors among employees in the trade agency situated in the southern state. Self-Administered questionnaires were used to collect information from the respondents in understanding their reward on salary, promotion, and recognition; and relating them to their work motivation. The result concludes that there is a positive and significant relationship between rewards and motivation. In a nutshell, it can be concluded that as the reward increase, the motivation of employees will also be increased.
Assessing the Impact of Good Governance, Church Management and Structure on the Growth and Development of the Church
Authors: Awuku- Gyampoh Ransford Kwabena , Ohemeng Asare Andy
Published: March 2019

Management is a business function that provides leadership support to organizations’ resources to realize strategic goals and objectives. While churches are not precisely business organizations tied with specific management practice as requirements including other complex legal requirements such as filing returns and payment of taxes, they engage in activities that require adequate planning and execution if they are to be successful and impact to the church's growth and development. Hence, there is a need for an effective governance system for churches that will ensure efficient and effective utilization of resources and management practices in the growth and development of Churches. This paper, therefore, aims at presenting an analysis of good governance, effective managerial strategies and church structure for church growth and development. This study will employ the use of content analysis of literature as the main components in the study in the areas of effective managerial practices, corporate governance and organizational structure and its impact on Church growth and development. The study will systematically answer various questions under the study which eventually contributes towards the establishment of good governance, effective management and Church Structure on the growth and development of Churches. The study will, therefore, unearth the relationship between good governance, church management and structure on the growth and development of churches. It will further recommend leaders of churches the elements of good governance, management and the structure of their church that have to be taken into consideration in their decision making.
Correlation Self-Compassion and Happiness among University Students in Timor-Leste: Gratitude as Moderation Variable
Authors: Santos Beni Lurdes Antonina Dos , Latipun Latipun
Published: March 2019

Happiness is important for humans because happiness experienced by each is closely related to high self-compassion. Individuals who have a high understanding of the events they experience tend to feel happy. The relationship can be strengthened by gratitude. The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between Self-compassion and happiness moderated by gratitude to students. The subject in this study was 316 students. Instrument research uses the Self-compassion Scale (SCS), The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) and the Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ). The analysis of the data used the Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between self-compassion and happiness which was moderated by gratitude (β = .29 and p = .046), and self-compassion contribution with happiness was moderated by gratitude which was equal to 18.1%.
On the homogeneous extremal function for the standard simplex
Authors: Baran Mirosław
Published: March 2019

In this paper, an explicit formula for the homogeneous Siciak’s extremal function is computed in the case of standard simplex in RN. There are discussed some problems related to this result. In particular, there is proved a version of Klimek’s type theorem for the homogeneous extremal function.
Influence of rearing course of chicken broiler parent stock on selected reproductive parameters
Authors: Domagała Sławomir , Trela Magdalena , Kędzia Rafał , Lis Marcin W.
Published: March 2019

The aim of study was to analyse the rearing of the Ross 308 parental stock in the context of hatching results. The study was carried out in production conditions. The body weight of birds was monitored using the JOTAFAN automatic weighing system during whole rearing and production period. Reproductive indicators were determined based on the results of eggs fertilization and hatchability. There was found that the body weight during rearing and production was in line with the standards for this breed. Moreover obtained reproductive indicators (fertilization of eggs and hatchability of fertilized eggs were higher than 90% between 28 and 56 week of parental stock life) indicate that environmental and nutritional conditions were proper.
A FLUORESCENCE CONTRIBUTION TO THE RECOGNITION OF FLUIDS TRAPPED IN MINERALS IN THE CARPATHIAN OUTCROPS
Authors: JARMOŁOWICZ-SZULC Katarzyna
Published: March 2019

Based on the assumption that fluorescence studies are an important tool in search and characterization of hydrocarbons, samples of rocks, minerals and the organic matter were collected in the Western Carpathian area spreading from the Mszana Górna region in the west to the Bieszczady Mts. in the east, and continuously, towards SE outside the Polish frontier, in Ukraine and Slovakia. Analytical procedures comprised preparation, microscopic observation of the material (organic matter and minerals) from the point of view of inclusions and fluorescence followed by detailed luminescence studies. Those steps have been followed by the microthermometric determinations. The application of the fluid inclusion methods, which are one of the newest analytical tools in the last two decades have led to the characteristics of fluids trapped in the inclusions in the area. The fluorescence studies showed some diversity of hydrocarbons both in compositions and in distribution. The analyses were performed in double-sided polished thin sections prepared based on cold techniques. Fluorescence of inclusions in two minerals, quartz and calcite, was checked in those specific thin sections either in glued wafers, or loose (single) crystals. The fluid inclusion studies were accompanied later on by solid organic matter inclusion studies. Those point to the presence of the following minerals: quartz, dolomite, calcite, clay minerals, gypsum with anhydrite admixture, traces of pyrite and siderite, feldspars. General distribution of fluorescing and not fluorescing inclusions suggests the presence of light hydrocarbons (methane) in the west and south of the area, being enriched in higher hydrocarbons (oil) towards the east.
Instrumental methods applied in the investigations of carbonate minerals in the Middle Jurassic sideritic rocks with respect to diagenetic processes
Authors: Kozłowska Aleksandra
Published: March 2019

Carbonate minerals in the Middle Jurassic sideritic rocks from the Polish Lowlands, north-eastern margin of the Holy Cross Mountains and the Częstochowa region have been studied applying accessible instrumental methods. The following techniques were applied: polarization microscope, staining with the Evamy’s solution, cathodoluminescence, microprobe, fluid inclusions and isotopic analyses. Most of these methods were not available either in the 20ies of the past century when studies of sideritic iron ores in Poland had begun, or in 50ies and 60ies when they were in full progress.
The sideritic rocks are mainly represented by clayey siderites (they contain also muddy and sandy varieties), sideritic sandstones and sideritic coquina, less frequently by sideritic conglomerates and mudstones. Sideroplesite is the main carbonate mineral that builds the sideritic rocks, while pistomesite and siderite are less frequent. Fe-calcite and Fe-dolomite, ankerite, and sporadic dolomite occur in lesser amounts.
Syderoplesite and siderite have crystallized in the early diagenesis (eodiagenesis), in the zone of microbiologic methanogenesis, at temperatures of about 20°C, from the porous waters of marine origin, or from marine waters mixed with fresh waters. Sideroplesite enriched in magnesium, pistomesite, calcite and ankerite sequently have formed at the later diagenetic stage (mezodiagenesis). These minerals have crystallized at temperatures above 60°C, from the porous waters of marine origin, or from the fluid which interacted with the adjacent rocks. Fe-calcite was formed in the zone of microbiologic methanogenesis, while the ankerite – in the zone of thermal decarboxylation.
Magmatic episodes in the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland – a new contribution from multi-age zircon populations
Authors: KRZEMIŃSKA Ewa , Krzemiński Leszek
Published: March 2019

This contribution reports on new U–Pb zircon age data from magmatic rocks from the Holy Cross Mountains (HCM) of Poland. The analyzed samples were taken from lamprophyre and diabase veins of Podkranów and Janowice-2 as well as from tuff horizon of Kielce Beds (Ludlow). Internal morphologies have been investigated by SEM-BSE and cathodoluminescence images and they have been used as a guide for the selection of genetically various type of grains, e.g. potential auto-, ante- and xenocrysts, that were analyzed by ion microprobe. The U–Pb age of the magmatic events at 414.2 ±6.6 Ma (Kielce tuff), 322 ±12 Ma (Podkranów, lamprophyre), and 300±10 Ma (Janowice-2, diabase) confirmed the time frame of known magmatic activity reported within the HCM, as determined by 40Ar/39Ar geochronology in previous studies. The zircon investigation revealed also multiple populations with record of an earlier pulse of magma system (antecrysts), as well as abundant xenocrysts.
20 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE IN CATHODOLUMINESCENCE RESEARCH AT THE PGI-NRI
Authors: Sikorska-Jaworowska Magdalena
Published: March 2019

The use of catholuminescence analysis in scientific research at the PGI-NRI has a 20-year history. The method, combined with other analytical techniques, has become an effective tool in widely understood mineralogical and petrographic investigation reported in numerous publications.
SPATIAL DIVERSIFICATION OF THE LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT AND THE FINANCIAL SITUATION OF RURAL COMMUNES IN THE ŚWIĘTOKRZYSKIE VOIVODSHIP
Authors: Prus Piotr , Dziekański Paweł
Published: March 2019

The aim of the article is to evaluate the spatial disproportions in the development of rural municipalities in relation to their financial situation with the use of a non-standard synthetic measure. The analysis in the area of finance and development of communes concerned the years 2011, 2014 and 2017. The study covered 70 rural communes in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Data exploration was possible due to the use of data from the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office and the Regional Audit Chamber. The method used in the work is a synthetic measure of development and the financial situation. Local self-government can fulfil its tasks when it is equipped with stable and efficient sources of income and an appropriate level of endogenous resources. The economic potential, infrastructure, financial resources are an important development factor. The group of communes with the best situation in terms of development was created, among others, by Sitkówka-Nowiny, Morawica and Strawczyn Communes, which are located in the Kielce district and are characterized by a good financial situation and economic potential. The research showed disproportions between rural communes characterized by an industrial function and units with a traditional agricultural function.
ASSESSMENT OF THE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE IN POLISH FOREIGN TRADE IN FOOD AND NON-FOOD PRODUCTS
ON THE WORLD AND EUROPEAN UNION MARKET
Authors: Szczepaniak Iwona
Published: March 2019

The progressive processes of globalisation, integration and liberalisation of economies are the reason for which the competitiveness of economic entities is increasingly analysed in the context of their links with the international market. One of the ways to assess competitiveness is to analyse the comparative (relative) advantage in trade in products of a given economic sector. The objective of the
article is to assess the comparative advantage in Polish foreign trade in food and non-food products, both in total Polish trade and with European Union Member States. The studies used the RTA relative trade advantage index. The data source was the WITS-Comtrade commercial database. The studies show that, in the years 2004-2017, there was a rapid development of Polish foreign trade in food products, in particular with the EU, resulting in a high trade surplus. Trade in non-food products grew more slowly, and the trade balance was negative. It is shown that Poland had a comparative advantage and was competitive on the world market (also on the EU market) in trade in these products, but did not have such an advantage in total trade in non-food products. The results obtained indicate international competitiveness of the Polish food sector and its large importance for national trade and payment balance.
Science teacher education for sustainable development: from intensions to realisation
Authors: Jegstad Kirsti Marie , Sinnes Astrid Tonette , Gjøtterud Sigrid Marie
Published: March 2019

Teacher education programs have an especially important role in reorienting education to realise education for sustainable development (ESD). In this paper, we investigate how ESD can be realised in science teacher education and we present findings from a case study in a Norwegian teacher education institution that has the overall aim of educating teachers who can contribute to sustainable development. Data was collected through participant observation and interviews, and, together with instructional artefacts and student assignments, analysed based on a model for science ESD. The paper provides an example of how ESD can be realised through a strengths model where ESD is founded in the strengths among the teacher educators and existing teaching practices. The results indicate that an emphasis on experiential learning and sociocultural learning theory builds a thorough foundation for ESD. However, the teaching has to be explicit in order to reach all student teachers.
Grundskollärares uppfattningar av världsarvsundervisning och världsarvet Kvarkens skärgård som lärmiljö.
Compulsory school teachers` conceptions of World Heritage Education and the Kvarken Archipelago World Heritage site as a learning environment
Authors: Berg Ida
Published: March 2019

The responsibility to preserve our natural and cultural heritage is not just a national issue but also, through international agreements, an international commitment. In World Heritage Education (WHE) students are expected to know, to cherish and to act in favour of World Heritage sites and communities. The aim of this quantitative and qualitative study is to investigate teachers’ views of WHE and the Kvarken Archipelago as a learning environment. A total of 105 teachers within Finnish primary and secondary education answered a questionnaire. The results indicate that teachers struggle to meet Unesco´s aims of WHE. The respondents primarily emphasize students´ knowledge of WH sites. A few respondents highlight the skills and experiences needed to reinforce young students´commitment to preserve WH sites, and to help close the gap between school and society. A more distinct connection to PBL and ESD is discussed as one of the pedagogical implications for the development of WHE.
Hur lärare kan stödja andraspråkselever på gymnasiet att tala kemi
Authors: Seifeddine Ehdwall Dana , Wickman Per-Olof
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this study we investigate how two didactic models can be used by chemistry teachers to improve teaching to support students with a second language to “talk chemistry”. The study contributes to show how these models can be used by chemistry teachers to organize, perform and assess chemistry lessons in a way that better supports second language students to become more active in talking and so learn chemistry. The material consists of video and audio recordings from chemistry lessons in an introductory class in upper secondary school in Sweden. The study was carried out in two cycles of planning, teaching and analysis in two successive classes. The first cycle entailed analyzing how a “normal” chemistry lesson gave students opportunities to talk and learn chemistry. In cycle 2 changes were made by using the models for the purpose of increasing the students’ opportunities to “talk chemistry”.   Our findings show how teachers can support also second language students’ learning to “talk chemistry” by using the didactic models developed for mono-lingual classrooms when planning and performing chemistry lessons.
The Effects of International Peace Missions on Corruption
Authors: Remmert David
Published: March 2019

International peace missions face a fundamental dilemma between their aims of ending conflict and also fostering good governance. This study presents empirical evidence that more is not better in international peacekeeping: more authority vested in a peace mission yields less effectiveness in curbing corruption.
Its author applies a framework that uses the intrusiveness of international peace missions to study their effects on corruption. Bridging the gap between large-N quantitative studies and single case studies, the study pursues a mixed methods design, employing statistical analyses as well as qualitative case studies of Sierra Leone, Côte D’Ivoire, Kosovo and Croatia. The analysis shows that highly intrusive peace missions are more likely to enable corruption than to constrain it. By contrast, missions with medium levels of intrusiveness are more likely to contribute to better control of corruption by acting as impartial arbitrators and by conditioning external assistance.
Cosmetovigilance in Hair Straighteners: Determination of Formaldehyde Content by Spectrophotometry and Label Evaluation
Authors: Massilon de Abreu Valdicléia , da Glória Batista de Azevedo Maria , de Souza Alencar Falcão Juliana
Published: March 2019

The aim of this work was to identify and quantify formaldehyde present in commercial hair straightening formulations, the application of cosmetovigilance from organoleptic/physicochemical tests and label analysis being approached. Samples A1, A3, A5, and A8 had a formaldehyde concentration ranging from 1.5 to 3.83% (w/v), corresponding to concentrations of 7.5, 16.45, 7.9, and 19.15 times higher than that allowed by the National Agency of Sanitary Monitoring (ANVISA), resulting in strong odor characteristic of this active substance. Of these samples, A3 and A5 did not indicate the presence of formaldehyde on the label besides ignoring the warning information and restrictions of use. The absence of the registration number granted by ANVISA for sample A5, which may be an indication of a clandestine product, was also verified. As to the organoleptic and physicochemical properties, only the A2 sample presented different viscosity and centrifugation results. In view of these results, it was concluded that 50% of the analyzed products were reproved because of the presence of formaldehyde out of the allowed concentration, being evident the importance of the implantation of cosmetovigilance system to guarantee the final quality of the cosmetic products, mainly in view of the safety and efficacy of these products.
The Relation Between Decisional Balance and Self-Efficacy with Fruits and Vegetables Consumption Among a Sample of Women in Bandar Abbas, Iran
Authors: Agah Banafsheh , Aghamolaei Teamur , Davoodi Sayed Hossein , Ghanbarnejad Amin
Published: March 2019

Background: Consumption of fruits and vegetables improve health and prevent chronic diseases. Objectives: This study aimed to survey the relation between decisional balance and self-efficacy with fruits and vegetables consumption among a sample of women in Bandar Abbas, Iran. Methods: In this study, 383 women who referred to seven health centers in Bandar Abbas were selected through a stratified sampling method. A valid and reliable questionnaire including the constructs of the transtheoretical model and fruits and vegetables consumption was used to collect data. SPSS version 19.0 was used to analyze the data running one-way ANOVA and linear trend analysis. Results: Analysis of consuming two services or more fruits a day indicated that the majority of women (58%) were at the maintenance stage and the minority (4.2%) at the contemplation stage. Moreover, the majority of subjects (55.6%) were found to be at the maintenance stage of consuming 200 g or more vegetables a day, while the minority (3.7%) were at the contemplation stage. Significant relations were found between the stages of change to consume more fruits and vegetables and such constructs as decisional balance and self-efficacy P < 0.05). Conclusions: According to the results, in designing interventions to increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables in housewives, it is necessary to emphasize increasing the decisional balance and self-efficacy
Renal Medullary Carcinoma
Authors: Elliott Alexis , Bruner Evelyn
Published: March 2019

Renal medullary carcinoma, also referred to as the seventh sickle cell nephropathy, typically affects young African Americans with sickle cell trait, or, less frequently, patients with sickle cell disease. The existence of renal medullary carcinoma without a concomitant hemoglobinopathy is a topic of controversy. The typical patient is a young male of African or Mediterranean descent, with hematuria and/or flank pain. Most patients have metastatic disease at the time of presentation. The tumor is characteristically a poorly circumscribed mass in the medullary region, commonly showing variable amounts of hemorrhage and necrosis. Microscopically, a characteristic reticular or cribriform pattern with a striking desmoplastic stromal response and a robust mixed inflammatory infiltrate is observed. Collecting duct carcinoma, malignant rhabdoid tumor, urothelial carcinoma, and other subtypes of renal cell carcinoma are in the differential diagnosis. Because of the advanced stage of disease at presentation and the aggressive nature of this malignant neoplasm, survival is poor even with chemotherapy; however, isolated reports of prolonged survival have been documented.
AUTORIA NA CRIAÇÃO LITERÁRIA
Authors: Fortunato Márcia Vescovi
Published: March 2019

Este artigo situa as primeiras discussões sobre autoria enquanto direito de propriedade, apresenta concepções que se tornaram referências teóricas pela relevância das discussões promovidas por seus autores, Bakhtin e Foucault e, a partir dessas concepções e em concordância com elas, o artigo observa de uma perspectiva processual, complementar, a autoria como relações que, no momento da criação, o escritor estabelece com a linguagem, em busca da constituição de si mesmo como autor.
OS PILARES DA CRISTANDADE: HISTORIOGRAFIA DO CONCEITO DE PALAVRA DE TOMÁS DE AQUINO A WILHELM VON HUMBOLDT
Authors: Tossin Laísa Fernandes
Published: March 2019

Este artigo pretende investigar as bases científicas estabelecidas pelas teorias linguísticas vigentes na descrição das línguas, apoiadas nas teorias desenvolvidas por Wilhelm von Humboldt no século XVIII, comparando-a às investigações sobre a palavra humana e a palavra divina realizadas por Tomás de Aquino no século XIII. Exploro a possibilidade de identificar as influências da produção de Santo Tomás de Aquino a respeito da palavra como descrita na Suma Teológica e em De differentia verbi divini et humani, na elaboração das teorias linguísticas de Wilhelm von Humboldt descritas em Ueber die Verschiedenheit des menschlichen Sprachaues u. ihren Einfluss auf die geistige Entwicklung des Menschengeschlechts e Schriften zur Sprachphilosophie.
A BRASILIANÍSTICA COMO UM CAMPO DE ESTUDOS ALEMÃO SOBRE O BRASIL E SUA LÍNGUA
Authors: Stahlhauer André Stefferson Martins
Published: March 2019

Este trabalho consiste em uma observação do espaço de enunciação, conforme o conceito desenvolvido por Eduardo Guimarães, da língua do Brasil na Alemanha. Sob a ótica dos estudos enunciativos sobre as Políticas de línguas, observamos como se constitui um espaço de enunciação para a língua, a cultura e as mídias do Brasil no modo de representá-la no exterior, como uma forma de distribuição política da língua que se dá, pela inserção desses estudos no campo da Brasilianística, configurando simbolicamente um campo científico disciplinar sobre o Brasil no exterior.
JÚLIO RIBEIRO, AUTOR FUNDADOR?
Authors: Aquino José Edicarlos de
Published: March 2019

O presente trabalho procura compreender como se constrói a imagem de Júlio Ribeiro como um autor fundador na história dos estudos sobre a linguagem no Brasil, bem como autoprojeção de um lugar de destaque nos estudos gramaticais e linguísticos feita por Júlio Ribeiro na sua própria obra. O objetivo é mostrar como se assenta, pela repetição de certos dizeres, a ideia de Júlio Ribeiro como uma figura desbravadora na gramatização brasileira do português no século XIX, discutindo os critérios que são empregados para colocá-lo na posição de marco e ponto de origem na história das ideias linguísticas no Brasil.
La rencontre de l’ethnologie et de la muséologie, toute une histoire
Authors: Castelas Anne , Rivard René , Bergeron Yves
Published: March 2019

En suivant la trame du patrimoine immatériel à l’épreuve du temps, il est intéressant de retracer les liens entre l’ethnologie, étude des peuples, et la muséologie, mise en valeur du patrimoine matériel et immatériel. Notre point de départ se situe en 1937, au deuxième Congrès de la langue française au Canada, où il y a eu une vraie prise de conscience quant à la conservation le patrimoine francophone. La présence de personnalités telles que l’abbé Lionel Groulx, Maurice Duplessis, ou encore Luc Lacourcière à ce congrès en fait une date clef. Puis, de fil en aiguille, nous aborderons la modernisation des institutions culturelles au Québec, avec notamment la création de Parcs Canada en 1972 ou encore du Musée de la civilisation en 1988. Cette dynamique de modernisation permet l’inclusion du patrimoine dit populaire et du patrimoine immatériel au sein des institutions. Enfin, dans le développement d’une discipline, il ne faut pas oublier l’importance des programmes de formation pour les générations futures. Cela constituera notre troisième axe. Notre réflexion est basée sur la place du patrimoine immatériel qui est souvent questionnée mais pourtant si importante dans nos sociétés.
Political Movement and Electionlore
Authors: Etaati Saeedeh Niktab
Published: March 2019

This paper is an ethnographic study of digital culture and Iranian online political humor: a hybridized genre of folklore which converges in both online and oral spheres where it is created and shared. It specifically explores the emergence and growth of politicized humorous cellphonelore, which I term “electionlore”, during and after the 2016 February elections in Iran. Analysing different joke sub-cycles in this electionlore, I argue that they serve as a powerful tool for my informants to construct their own “newslore” (Frank 2011) and make manifest what I define as “vernacular politics” through which they become mobilized and unified in their political activism. I diverge from the theory of “resistance jokes” (Powell and Paton 1988; Bryant 2006; Davies 2011) and propose a new framework for studying political jokes in countries suspended between democracy and dictatorship, demonstrating how jokes serve as an effective and strategic form of reform and unquiet protest.
Rediseño de marcas: la polémica está servida
Authors: Azorín Puche José Miguel
Published: March 2019

En este artículo repasamos algunas polémicas en el rediseño de marcas e identidades corporativas.
El apartamento, un guion interactivo
Authors: Serrano Riera Marina
Published: March 2019

En esta práctica se crea un guion interactivo para un juego multimedia a partir de la sinopsis de un cortometraje ideando ciertas extensiones transmedia. La idea consistía en crear un documento, algo así como una pequeña biblia de presentación para los desarrolladores del juego, donde se les pudiera informar y guiar sobre dicho juego, sobre la relación e interacción con el usuario.
Word Camp Barcelona 2018: segunda parte
Authors: - Mosaic
Published: March 2019

Retomamos en esta entrada el evento que tuvo lugar el pasado 6 de octubre de 2018 en el Edificio Histórico de la Universitat de Barcelona (UB) donde la comunidad WordPress pudo aprender y disfrutar de las charlas de expertos y profesionales sobre temas tan variados como la analítica web, el desarrollo de temas o las bases de datos para trabajar con WordPress.
motoRneuron: an open-source R toolbox for time-domain motor unit analyses
Authors: Tweedell Andrew J , Tenan Matthew S
Published: March 2019

Motor unit synchronization is the tendency of motor neurons and their associated muscle fibers to discharge near-simultaneously. It has been theorized as a control mechanism for force generation by common excitatory inputs to these motor neurons. Magnitude of synchronization is calculated from peaks in cross-correlation histograms between motor unit discharge trains. However, there are many different methods for detecting these peaks and even more indices for calculating synchronization from them. Methodology is typically laboratory-specific and requires expensive software, like Matlab or LabView. This lack of standardization makes it difficult to draw definitive conclusions about motor unit synchronization. To combat this, we have developed a freely available, open-source toolbox, “motoRneuron”, for the R programming language. This toolbox contains functions for calculating time domain synchronization using different methods found in the literature. Our objective is to detail the program’s functionality and provide a clear use-case for implementation. The programs primary function “mu_synch” automatically performs the cross-correlation analysis based on user input. Automated peak detection methods such as the cumulative sum method and the z-score method, as well as subjective, visual analysis are available. Users can also define other parameters like the number of recurrence intervals to be used and histogram bin size. The function outputs six common synchronization indices, the common input strength (CIS), k’, k’-1, E, S, and Synch Index. This toolbox allows for better standardization of techniques and for more comprehensive data mining in the motor control community.
Ten myths around open scholarly publishing
Authors: Tennant Jonathan P , Crane Harry , Crick Tom , Davila Jacinto , Enkhbayar Asura , Havemann Johanna , Kramer Bianca , Martin Ryan , Masuzzo Paola , Nobes Andy , Rice Curt , Rivera-López Bárbara S , Ross-Hellauer Tony , Sattler Susanne , Thacker Paul , Vanholsbeeck Marc
Published: March 2019

The changing world of scholarly communication and the emergence of ‘Open Science’ or ‘Open Research’ has brought to light a number of controversial and hotly-debated topics. Yet, evidence-based rational debate is regularly drowned out by misinformed or exaggerated rhetoric, which does not benefit the evolving system of scholarly communication. The aim of this article is to provide a baseline evidence framework for ten of the most contested topics, in order to help frame and move forward discussions, practices and policies. We address preprints and scooping, the practice of copyright transfer, the function of peer review, and the legitimacy of ‘global’ databases. The presented facts and data will be a powerful tool against misinformation across wider academic research, policy and practice, and may be used to inform changes within the rapidly evolving scholarly publishing system.
A systematic comparison of eight new plastome sequences from Ipomoea L
Authors: Sun Jianying , Dong Xiaofeng , Cao Qinghe , Xu Tao , Zhu Mingku , Sun Jian , Dong Tingting , Ma Daifu , Han Yonghua , Li Zongyun
Published: March 2019

Background

Ipomoea is the largest genus in the family Convolvulaceae. The species in this genus have been widely used in many fields, such as agriculture, nutrition, and medicine. With the development of next-generation sequencing, more than 50 chloroplast genomes of Ipomoea species have been sequenced. However, the repeats and divergence regions in Ipomoea have not been well investigated. In the present study, we sequenced and assembled eight chloroplast genomes from sweet potato’s close wild relatives. By combining these with 32 published chloroplast genomes, we conducted a detailed comparative analysis of a broad range of Ipomoea species.

Methods

Eight chloroplast genomes were assembled using short DNA sequences generated by next-generation sequencing technology. By combining these chloroplast genomes with 32 other published Ipomoea chloroplast genomes downloaded from GenBank and the Oxford Research Archive, we conducted a comparative analysis of the repeat sequences and divergence regions across the Ipomoea genus. In addition, separate analyses of the Batatas group and Quamoclit group were also performed.

Results

The eight newly sequenced chloroplast genomes ranged from 161,225 to 161,721 bp in length and displayed the typical circular quadripartite structure, consisting of a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions (30,798–30,910 bp each) separated by a large single copy (LSC) region (87,575–88,004 bp) and a small single copy (SSC) region (12,018–12,051 bp). The average guanine-cytosine (GC) content was approximately 40.5% in the IR region, 36.1% in the LSC region, 32.2% in the SSC regions, and 37.5% in complete sequence for all the generated plastomes. The eight chloroplast genome sequences from this study included 80 protein-coding genes, four rRNAs (rrn23, rrn16, rrn5, and rrn4.5), and 37 tRNAs. The boundaries of single copy regions and IR regions were highly conserved in the eight chloroplast genomes. In Ipomoea, 57–89 pairs of repetitive sequences and 39–64 simple sequence repeats were found. By conducting a sliding window analysis, we found six relatively high variable regions (ndhA intron, ndhH-ndhF, ndhF-rpl32, rpl32-trnL, rps16-trnQ, and ndhF) in the Ipomoea genus, eight (trnG, rpl32-trnL, ndhA intron, ndhF-rpl32, ndhH-ndhF, ccsA-ndhD, trnG-trnR, and pasA-ycf3) in the Batatas group, and eight (ndhA intron, petN-psbM, rpl32-trnL, trnG-trnR, trnK-rps16, ndhC-trnV, rps16-trnQ, and trnG) in the Quamoclit group. Our maximum-likelihood tree based on whole chloroplast genomes confirmed the phylogenetic topology reported in previous studies.

Conclusions

The chloroplast genome sequence and structure were highly conserved in the eight newly-sequenced Ipomoea species. Our comparative analysis included a broad range of Ipomoea chloroplast genomes, providing valuable information for Ipomoea species identification and enhancing the understanding of Ipomoea genetic resources.