bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating Travel Demand with a Multimodal Transport Model Including E-Scooters in Iași, Romania
Authors: Harpalete Ovidiu-Laurențiu
Published: June 2023

Cities, even medium-sized and small ones, have become overwhelmed by traffic and congestion. Innovative solutions are required and recent studies have focused on sustainable approaches. This study aims to develop a multimodal transport model consisting of an urban public transportation (UPT) service combined with an e-scooter sharing service. The main purpose of the model is a comparison between two travel alternatives (car and UPT + e-scooter), calculating their associated levels of utility. The methodology is based on a multinomial logit model, implemented in Matlab software, using results from an online mobility survey (socio-economic characteristics of potential users of e-scooters). The additional aim is related to the assessment of the inhabitants’ availability to shift from car to multimodal service or to simple e-scooter service. The developed micromodel was applied in Iași, a mid-sized city located in the northeast of Romania. Several price strategies were analysed in order to find their influence on users’ mobility behaviour. It turned out that the price for the shared e-scooter is too high at this moment to be used for daily travel. Without a price decrease and public authorities’ involvement in facilitating the multimodality, the e-scooter remains only an entertainment activity.
DYMEMULP – Dynamic Model of Process Optimisation in Regional Logistics
Authors: Ivanović Željko
Published: June 2023

The expansion of logistics requirements, limited space and strict requirements of generators of logistics requests (GLR) in terms of service quality complicate the supply of the region, resulting in the necessity to improve logistics models (MoL). Proximity to water, the presence of ports and piers along the coast, new eco vehicles and the development of cooperation between land and water transport are elements for improving the existing MoLs in an economically and environmentally acceptable way. Research on the development of an improved multi-echelon logistics network with variable terminals including the coordination and cooperation of a heterogeneous group of transport agencies for the realisation of goods flows represents an innovation in regional logistics (RL). This article presents an integrated MoL development process using dynamic optimisation with a focus on spatial, temporal, transport, economic and environmental components.
Designing Functional Carriage of High-Speed Medical Train – Systematic Analysis and Evaluation of Tasks, Functions and Flow Routes
Authors: Zhao Yi , Wu Yongmeng , Yan DiDi , Xiang Zerui , Zhi Jinyi , Li Yunming , Xu Bochu
Published: June 2023

This paper proposes a functional carriage design and an evaluation index system to improve the operational efficiency of high-speed medical trains. Hierarchical task analysis and human-machine-environment analysis were applied to model the transfer task and the functional modules of the medical train. The functional module configuration was obtained by performing a correlation analysis between the task and function. The relationship between carriages was elucidated by analysing material, personnel and information flow, and an optimal grouping diagram was obtained. Based on this design method, an innovative 6-carriage grouping design scheme was proposed. A functional evaluation index system for the carriage design was constructed, and the 6-carriage design was compared with the conventional 8-carriage design to verify the usability of the design method. The results showed that the 6-carriage high-speed trains can be flexibly configured to suit the changing task environment and are generally better than the 8-carriage design. This study provides theoretical and methodological support for constructing efficient and rational functional carriages for high-speed medical trains.
The integration of geochemical and isotopic approaches for thermo-mineral water characterization: the case of Tebessa (North Eastern Algeria)
Authors: Lekrine Yacine , Demdoum Abdeslam , Bouaicha Foued
Published: June 2023

This research aims to assess the hydrogeochemical evolution and the assessment for drinking and irrigation use of the spring water from the alluvial aquifer and major karst aquifer systems in Tebessa (the northeastern part of Algeria). For achieving this goal, 25 groundwater samples from several springs, including thermo-mineral springs, were examined and subjected to multivariate statistical analysis (principal component analysis), isotopic approaches, and geochemical modelling. However, it was revealed that the hot waters interact at depth with Triassic evaporates located in the hydrothermal conduit (fault), giving rise to the Na+-Cl- water type. Furthermore, the freshwater characterized the karst aquifer marked by the Ca2+ HCO3 - water type with low salinity concentrations. On the other hand, the majority of cations and anions and electrical conductivity, which characterize the chemical composition of the overall water springs, were below the limits allowed for drinking water according to the standards. In terms of hydrochemical facies, it was discovered that throughout the study area, two chemical facies were predominant (Ca2+- HCO3 - and Na+- Cl-). Water-rock interaction, characterized by the dissolution of carbonates and silicates, plays a primordial role in the chemical composition of the groundwater. Stable isotopic analyses of the δ18O and δ2H compositions of the waters suggest that the cold waters of the study area are of meteoric origin. Anyway, it was concluded that the meteoric recharge was precipitation, which recharged from a higher altitude (600–1700 m) and infiltrated through deep faults and fractures in the carbonate formations of the Tebessa Mount.
Identification of quiescent FOXC2+ spermatogonial stem cells in adult mammals
Authors: Wang Zhipeng , Jin Cheng , Li Pengyu , Li Yiran , Tang Jielin , Yu Zhixin , Jiao Tao , Ou Jinhuan , Wang Han , Zou Dingfeng , Li Mengzhen , Mang Xinyu , Liu Jun , Lu Yan , Li Kai , Zhang Ning , Yu Jia , Miao Shiying , Wang Linfang , Song Wei
Published: June 2023

In adult mammals, spermatogenesis embodies the complex developmental process from spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) to spermatozoa. At the top of this developmental hierarchy lie a series of SSC subpopulations. Their individual identities as well as the relationships with each other, however, remain largely elusive. Using single-cell analysis and lineage tracing, we discovered both in mice and humans the quiescent adult SSC subpopulation marked specifically by forkhead box protein C2 (FOXC2). All spermatogenic progenies can be derived from FOXC2
+
SSCs and the ablation of FOXC2
+
SSCs led to the depletion of the undifferentiated spermatogonia pool. During germline regeneration, FOXC2
+
SSCs were activated and able to completely restore the process. Germ cell specific
Foxc2
knockout resulted in an accelerated exhaustion of SSCs and eventually led to male infertility. Furthermore, FOXC2 prompts the expressions of negative regulators of cell cycle thereby ensures the SSCs reside in quiescence. Thus, this work proposes that the quiescent FOXC2
+
SSCs are essential for maintaining the homeostasis and regeneration of spermatogenesis in adult mammals.
Molecular portraits of colorectal cancer morphological regions
Authors: Budinská Eva , Hrivňáková Martina , Ivkovic Tina Catela , Madrzyk Marie , Nenutil Rudolf , Bencsiková Beatrix , Al Tukmachi Dagmar , Ručková Michaela , Zdražilová Dubská Lenka , Slabý Ondřej , Feit Josef , Dragomir Mihnea-Paul , Borilova Linhartova Petra , Tejpar Sabine , Popovici Vlad
Published: June 2023

Heterogeneity of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) represents a major hurdle towards personalized medicine. Efforts based on whole tumor profiling demonstrated that the CRC molecular subtypes were associated with specific tumor morphological patterns representing tumor subregions. We hypothesize that whole-tumor molecular descriptors depend on the morphological heterogeneity with significant impact on current molecular predictors. We investigated intra-tumor heterogeneity by morphology-guided transcriptomics to better understand the links between gene expression and tumor morphology represented by six morphological patterns (morphotypes): complex tubular, desmoplastic, mucinous, papillary, serrated, and solid/trabecular. Whole-transcriptome profiling by microarrays of 202 tumor regions (morphotypes, tumor-adjacent normal tissue, supportive stroma, and matched whole tumors) from 111 stage II-IV CRCs identified morphotype-specific gene expression profiles and molecular programs and differences in their cellular buildup. The proportion of cell types (fibroblasts, epithelial and immune cells) and differentiation of epithelial cells were the main drivers of the observed disparities with activation of EMT and TNF-α signaling in contrast to MYC and E2F targets signaling, defining major gradients of changes at molecular level. Several gene expression-based (including single-cell) classifiers, prognostic and predictive signatures were examined to study their behavior across morphotypes. Most exhibited important morphotype-dependent variability within same tumor sections, with regional predictions often contradicting the whole-tumor classification. The results show that morphotype-based tumor sampling allows the detection of molecular features that would otherwise be distilled in whole tumor profile, while maintaining histopathology context for their interpretation. This represents a practical approach at improving the reproducibility of expression profiling and, by consequence, of gene-based classifiers.
Natural variation in the Caenorhabditis elegans egg-laying circuit modulates an intergenerational fitness trade-off
Authors: Mignerot Laure , Gimond Clotilde , Bolelli Lucie , Bouleau Charlotte , Sandjak Asma , Boulin Thomas , Braendle Christian
Published: June 2023

Evolutionary transitions from egg laying (oviparity) to live birth (viviparity) are common across various taxa. Many species also exhibit genetic variation in egg-laying mode or display an intermediate mode with laid eggs containing embryos at various stages of development. Understanding the mechanistic basis and fitness consequences of such variation remains experimentally challenging. Here, we report highly variable intra-uterine egg retention across 316 Caenorhabditis elegans wild strains, some exhibiting strong retention, followed by internal hatching. We identify multiple evolutionary origins of such phenotypic extremes and pinpoint underlying candidate loci. Behavioral analysis and genetic manipulation indicates that this variation arises from genetic differences in the neuromodulatory architecture of the egg-laying circuitry. We provide experimental evidence that while strong egg retention can decrease maternal fitness due to in utero hatching, it may enhance offspring protection and confer a competitive advantage. Therefore, natural variation in C. elegans egg-laying behaviour can alter an apparent trade-off between different fitness components across generations. Our findings highlight underappreciated diversity in C. elegans egg-laying behavior and shed light on its fitness consequences. This behavioral variation offers a promising model to elucidate the molecular changes in a simple neural circuit underlying evolutionary shifts between alternative egg-laying modes in invertebrates.
Kartlegging av høsting og utmarksbruk i Finnmark til bruk i planlegging og forvaltning
Authors: Brattland Camilla , Sundsvold Bente , Holmgaard Sanne Bech
Published: June 2023

Hvordan kan metoder for kartlegging av naturverdier og bruk av utmarksressurser kunne benyttes i planlegging av utmark og forvaltning av ressurser? Det hersker stadig usikkerhet om hvordan man kan inkludere erfaringsbasert kunnskap om bruk av naturen når det utarbeides planer eller foreslås tiltak i utmark. Vi har undersøkt ulike metoder for kartlegging av tradisjonell og samisk bruk av utmarksressurser på Sørøya og i Porsangerfjorden, og har utviklet datasett og metoder som kan være nyttig i planlegging og forvaltning.
Parameter optimization of histogram-based local descriptors for facial expression recognition
Authors: Badi Mame Antoine , Tapamo Jules-Raymond
Published: June 2023

An important task in automatic facial expression recognition (FER) is to describe facial image features effectively and efficiently. Facial expression descriptors must be robust to variable scales, illumination changes, face view, and noise. This article studies the application of spatially modified local descriptors to extract robust features for facial expressions recognition. The experiments are carried out in two phases: firstly, we motivate the need for face registration by comparing the extraction of features from registered and non-registered faces, and secondly, four local descriptors (Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG), Local Binary Patterns (LBP), Compound Local Binary Patterns (CLBP), and Weber’s Local Descriptor (WLD)) are optimized by finding the best parameter values for their extraction. Our study reveals that face registration is an important step that can improve the recognition rate of FER systems. We also highlight that a suitable parameter selection can increase the performance of existing local descriptors as compared with state-of-the-art approaches.
Participación ciudadana en la metarregulación chilena
Authors: Muñoz Vicuña Diego
Published: June 2023

La incorporación de la ciudadanía en la elaboración y en la revisión de regulaciones es uno de los pilares de la metarregulación. En el presente artículo se revisan las medidas  implementadas por Chile en la materia, analizando sus falencias y proponiendo mejoras.
Sobre la justificación de la norma de presunción de daño ambiental por escapes de peces en la Ley General de Pesca y Acuicultura Comentario a dos sentencias de inaplicabilidad por inconstitucionalidad del Tribunal Constitucional
Authors: Chacón Astudillo Javiera
Published: June 2023

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo evaluar los argumentos utilizados por el Tribunal Constitucional de Chile en las sentencias dictadas con fecha 31 de marzo de 2022 bajo los Roles N°10.576-21-INA y N°10.109-21-INA, al acoger los requerimientos de inaplicabilidad por inconstitucionalidad del artículo 118 quáter de la Ley N°18.892, General de Pesca y Acuicultura (“LGPA”), ejercidos por una empresa acuícola en el marco de la revisión judicial de la sanción aplicada por la Superintendencia del Medio Ambiente (“SMA”) y de una demanda por daño ambiental, ambas ante el Tercer Tribunal Ambiental. 

En particular, se examina (i) el error del Tribunal al calificar el art. 118 quater como una presunción de derecho y (ii) que para resolver el fondo del asunto, el Tribunal debió haber analizado si la presunción legal del art. 118 quáter es conforme a la garantía de igualdad ante la ley.
debido procedimiento administrativo sancionador
Authors: Bordalí Salamanca Andres
Published: June 2023

Esta investigación tiene por objeto analizar y determinar qué garantías de las que forman parte del debido proceso reconocido en el sistema constitucional chileno, deben aplicarse al procedimiento administrativo sancionador. Para ello se hace un examen particularizado en relación a la aplicación a este procedimiento del derecho a ser oído; del derecho a una decisión dentro de un plazo razonable; del derecho a un tribunal independiente e imparcial; del derecho a un juez natural; del derecho a la presunción de inocencia; del derecho de defensa ; del ne bis in idem y del derecho a un juicio público.
El poder reglamentario de las autoridades sectoriales de regulación francesas: vocación de la función regulatoria
Authors: Kurlat Aimar José Sebastián
Published: June 2023

La apertura a la competencia de las distintas actividades denominadas sectoriales impuso en Francia la necesidad de recurrir a la categoría de las autoridades administrativas independientes encargadas de la regulación de los diferentes sectores. Ahora bien, este tipo de Estado “policéntrico” desempeña un rol en la producción normativa. No se trata de otra cosa que del poder reglamentario. A lo largo de este trabajo nos interrogamos sobre las principales aristas que presenta el ejercicio de esta competencia normativa por parte de los entes reguladores en el ordenamiento jurídico galo.
Distribución espaciotemporal del potencial reproductivo del stock de hembras de langostino colorado (Pleuroncodes monodon) en la zona centro-sur de Chile
Authors: Barros Mónica E , Alarcón Rubén , Arancibia Hugo
Published: June 2023

Pleuroncodes monodon es 1 de las 3 especies que sustentan las pesquerías demersales de crustáceos en Chile, con niveles de desembarque que han mostrado amplias variaciones y una muy lenta recuperación en la última década. La unidad de pesquería sur se encuentra en estado de recuperación desde 2017, después de una intensa sobrepesca, la que afectó tanto al potencial reproductivo como a la distribución geográfica del stock. En el presente estudio, se usó información de lances de pesca de 14 campañas de evaluación directa de P. monodon para estimar la densidad del potencial reproductivo del stock de hembras en el periodo 2005-2018 en la zona centro-sur (32.0° S a 37.0° S) de Chile mediante un análisis geoestadístico. El promedio anual de huevos potenciales se estimó en 78,055.0 millones de huevos potenciales, con una densidad promedio de 74.0 millones de huevos por kilómetro cuadrado. Se reconocieron 2 zonas de agregación del potencial reproductivo, una entre 33.5° S y 34.5° S (zona norte) y otra entre 35.5° S y 36.5° S (zona sur). La densidad promedio de huevos potenciales fue mayor en la zona norte que en la zona sur, aunque en la zona sur se localizaron focos con máximos cercanos a 100 millones de huevos por kilómetro cuadrado, lo que no ocurrió en la zona norte. La población de P. monodon proviene de una sola área de cría, ubicada en la zona sur. En el periodo de 2008 a 2012, el stock de hembras presentó una migración neta con rumbo norte de casi 226.4 km (desde 36°20ʹ52.5ʺ S hasta 34°18ʹ39.1ʺ S), aunque posteriormente se redujo con rumbo norte-sur por la presión pesquera.
RESEARCH OF ENERGY EFFICIENT SOLUTIONS FOR HEAT INSULATION OF CONSTRUCTIONS AND PIPELINES WITH AEROGEL
Authors: Iuliia Sokolan  , Pavlo Maidan  , Nataliia Mashovets
Published: June 2023

Ways of energy saving in buildings, namely compliance with the regulatory framework of European standards, possibilities to reduce heat losses during energy transportation through pipelines on the example of heating systems and reducing heat losses during the operation of buildings and structures are studied in the article. It was found that, despite the regular updates of the State Construction Norms of Ukraine, the coefficient of thermal conductivity of insulation materials is not brought into line with generally accepted European standards. The second part of the article presents the results of analytical studies of various thermal insulation materials that are widely used in the territory of Ukraine. After comparing the results, we concluded that the most common at this stage of development of insulation materials will not fully satisfy all the requirements, which must meet all the materials for insulation of structures. The use of some materials is impossible of thermal insulation of structures and pipelines with complex configuration. The solution of energy efficiency along with increasing soundproofing properties, reducing the fire hazard, reducing the load on the bearing structures of buildings and structures is possible through the use of aerogel as a thermal insulation material. The material is characterized by low dependence of the thermal conductivity coefficient on changes in ambient temperature, which makes it the best option for use in harsh operating conditions. After analytical studies of various insulating materials, it was found that aerogel in roll in addition to low coefficient of heat transfer is characterized by better operating properties, namely, non-combustibility of the material, environmental safety, light weight, which reduces the burden on the structure, ease of installation, the possibility of using the structures with high rate of sound insulation.
The Physicochemical Quality of Chicken Meatball Using Red Lentil Flour (Lens culinaris L.)
Authors: Rohmah Nur Ifadah , Evanuarini Herly , Thohari Imam
Published: June 2023

Aims: The aim is to determine the physicochemical quality of chicken meatballs added with red lentil flour (Lens culinaris L.) based on moisture content (%), protein content (%), WHC (%), cooking loss (%), and color (L*a*b*). Sample: chicken meatballs using red lentil flour.

Study Design: The research with an experimental method, using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Data were tabulated using Microsoft Excel and taken standard deviation (SD), then using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) from Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Use the DMRT (Duncan's Multiple Range Test) if the result differ.

Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Animal Product Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya Malang and Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety Testing, Faculty of Agricultural Product Technology, University of Brawijaya Malang. December 2022.

Methodology: 4 treatments consisting of without the addition of red lentil flour, the addition of red lentil flour 3%, 6%, and 9%, and five replications.

Results: Chicken meatballs with red lentil flour produce chicken meatballs that contain fiber and have attractive colors. Chicken meatballs with 9% red lentil flour had the best content of moisture content 52.11%, protein content 15.76%, WHC 94.94%, cooking loss 2.09%, and color (L* 81.10) (a* 6.94) (b* 29.33).

Conclusion: Chicken meatballs added with 9% red lentil flour (Lens culinaris L.) produce the best quality. Chicken meatballs have attractive colors and contain nutrients such as protein so that the resulting chicken meatballs can become a new product accepted by the public.
Assessment of Effect of Different Packaging Materials on Microbial Quality of Locust Beans during Storage
Authors: Ogunlade A. O. , Okunade O. A. , Abiona S. O.
Published: June 2023

This study assesses the effect of different packaging materials on the microbial quality of Africa Locust beans during storage. Locust beans (Dawadawa) also known as iru, among the Yorubas in South-west Nigeria, is a popular condiment used as a taste and flavour enhancer in soup and dishes in Africa. Locust bean is traditionally produced from locust beans seed (Parkia biglobosa) and preserved using different packaging materials before use in order to prolong its shelf life. The Microbiological examination of the produced locust beans was carried out on samples wrapped with different packaging materials such as plastic containers, nylon, and dry banana leaves. The suspected organisms isolated include Salmonella spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus lactis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Lactobacillus plantarium, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Leuconostoc sp, Escherichia coli and Micrococcus sp. It was observed from this study that locust beans packaged with banana leaves had the highest microbial load, few of which are of public health concern while plastic containers had the least microbial load. It is therefore recommended that locust beans should be produced and packaged with sealed plastic containers to avoid contamination by pathogenic organisms.
Role of Problematic Internet Use and Cognitive Overload in Cyberchondria among Adult IT Professionals
Authors: Sen Mritunjoy
Published: June 2023

The present study was conducted to explore the role of problematic internet use and cognitive overload in cyberchondria among adult professionals working in IT, media & advertising sectors. A sample of 203 (118 men, 78 women) was drawn by mens of purposive sampling. The severity of cyberchondria was assessed by using cyberchondria severity scale, problematic internet use by scale and cognitive overload by information overload questionnaire. The significance of the hypotheses was analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficient analysis, Mann Whitney test U test. Results revealed both problematic internet use and cognitive overload was positively correlated with cyberchondria. Furthermore, cyberchondria showed a significant difference between males and females in which females had a higher level of cyberchondria and were more likely to experience health related symptoms than males.
Fahr’s Syndrome Secondary to Hypoparathyroidism Presenting with Paralysis and Recurrent Seizures: A Case Report
Authors: Jihwaprani Muhammad Candragupta , Kumara Evan Gintang
Published: June 2023

Aim: To describe a rare case of Fahr’s syndrome (FS) associated with chronic post-surgical hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia.

Case Presentation: A 63-year-old female with a previous history of total thyroidectomy and hemiplegia presented to our hospital with altered mentation and recurrent generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Laboratory evaluation revealed hypoparathyroidism, hypocalcemia, and hypokalemia. Head computed tomography (CT) scan was consistent with FS, demonstrating extensive, bilateral, and symmetrical calcified deposits in the brain, predominantly in basal ganglia, corona radiata, and cerebellar hemispheres. The association with post-surgical hypoparathyroidism and relevant biochemical indices determined the suspected etiology of the pathologic process of ectopic calcification.

Discussion: FS is a rare, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal bilateral ectopic calcified deposits in the basal ganglia and other brain structures. FS presents with a wide variety of neurological and psychiatric manifestations. The diagnosis is confirmed by neuroimaging studies such as a head CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging, which displays the calcification of BG and other structures in a bilateral and symmetrical pattern. Biochemical analysis may adjunctively identify the underlying risk factor of the disease.

Conclusion: Our case represents a long-term severe consequence of untreated post-surgical hypoparathyroidism, which has consequently led to irreversible secondary FS. Maintenance of eucalcemic and euphosphatemic states is essential to prevent the progression of ectopic cerebral calcification.
Selection of Powdery Mildew Resistant Brassica Genotypes Based on Disease Indexing and Microsatellite Markers
Authors: Shrivastava Aditi , Tripathi Manoj Kumar , Tiwari Sushma , Tripathi Niraj , Tiwari Prakash N. , Singh Purnima , Parihar Prerana , Yadav Rakesh , Chauhan Shailja , Singh J.
Published: June 2023

Powdery mildew disease of oilseed mustard caused by Erysiphe cruciferarum is a primary reason of yield reduction not only in India but also throughout the world. Identification and cultivation of resistant mustard genotypes against powdery mildew is the only way to overcome this challenge. In the present investigation, we targeted to screen 75 Brassica genotypes against powdery mildew based on disease indexing under field conditions and gene-specific molecular markers. Disease reaction on both the cotyledonary and true leaves was screened with using a modified 0-9 scale score as well as with nineteen disease linked microsatellite markers. In disease indexing under field conditions, genotypes viz., L-4 and PC-5 were identified as immune, China and RP-9 were considered as highly resistant and GSC-7 and PC-6 were recognized as resistant whilst genotypes i.e., RB-50, Pusa Bold, WRR-10 and GSL-1 were accredited as moderately resistant. Molecular markers based UPGMA dendrogram classified Rohini, WRR-22, PC-6, PusaBold, China, WRR-8, GSL-1, WRR-7, RH-749, L-4 and RB-50 as highly resistant mustard genotypes. In addition, disease linked marker cnu_m616 had the highest polymorphic information content (0.75) with greatest ability to differentiate resistant genotypes from susceptible genotypes, may be employed directly in mustard breeding programmes in future.
Biology of Measles Virus: Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations
Authors: Nwalozie Rhoda , Uzoechi Michael , Esiere RoseMary Kaiso , Nnokam Brenda Anyakwe
Published: June 2023

Measles virus is a highly infectious RNA virus belonging to the genus Morbillivirus in the family Paramyxoviridae. It causes measles, a respiratory disease that is one of the leading causes of childhood mortality worldwide. The virus has a pleomorphic structure and a genome consisting of a single strand of negative-sense RNA. The genome encodes six structural proteins, including the nucleocapsid (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix (M), fusion (F), hemagglutinin (H), and the large polymerase (L) proteins. Measles virus enters host cells through the interaction of the viral H protein with cellular receptors, followed by fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane. The virus then undergoes replication and assembly, leading to the release of new virus particles. The viral life cycle is complex and involves numerous host factors. Diagnosis of measles virus is typically made by detecting the virus in clinical specimens using laboratory tests such as RT-PCR or serological assays. Clinical symptoms such as fever, cough, runny nose, and rash can also aid in the diagnosis. Complications of measles virus infection include pneumonia, encephalitis, and death. Prevention of measles virus involves vaccination, maintaining high population immunity, and early identification and isolation of infected individuals. Measles virus remains a significant public health threat, particularly in areas with low vaccination coverage. The virus is highly contagious and can cause severe disease and mortality. The global incidence of measles has increased in recent years due to outbreaks in various regions. Treatment for measles virus infection is primarily supportive, with no specific antiviral therapies currently available.
Assessment of Soil Quality Indicators of Soil from Different Departments of NAI, SHUATS, Prayagraj
Authors: Yadav Rajendra , David Arun Alfred , Thomas Tarence , Naga Indar Raj , Singh Ravindra Pal
Published: June 2023

An assessment of soil health parameter properties of soil from different departments of NAI, SHUATS, Prayagraj carried out during 2022-23. The prime objectives of this study were to carry out the soil health parameter properties of soil at different depths of various department research farm to determine the availability of macronutrients and micronutrients in soil of these soil sample provide the assessment 7 sampling locations were selected. Soil samples were collected with depth of 0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm respectively. The soil colour dry condition varied from Light yellowish brown, dark yellowish brown, Pale olive, pale brown, pale yellow, Light olive brown, Yellowish brown, Olive yellow, Dark brown and in wet condition varied from Olive brown, Olive, Dark brown, Dark yellowish brown, light olive brown, Olive yellow and Dark yellowish. The soil texture was dominantly sandy loam in every site. The bulk density ranged from 1.170 to 1.432 Mg m⁻3. The Particle density ranged from 2.22 to 2.50 Mg m⁻3. The pore space ranged from 42.50 to 51.24 %. The soil pH ranged from 7.37 to 7.78. The electrical conductivity ranged from 0.28 to 0.44 dS m-1. The soil organic carbon ranged from 0.16 to 0.42%. The available nitrogen ranged from 195.5 to 256.0 kg ha-1. The available phosphorous ranged from 14.43 to 23.95 kg ha-1. The available potassium ranged from 132.00 to 206.00 kg ha-1. The available calcium ranged from 0.97 to 1.88 cmol (p+) kg-1. The available magnesium ranged from 0.76 to 1.69 cmol (p+) kg-1. The available zinc ranged from 0.60 to 0.72 mg kg-1. There is an including awareness of the need to pay greater attention in the role of macronutrients enhancement in the soil for good soil health and proper nutrition of plant so as to attain optimum economic yield and soil is suitable for all major tropical and sub-tropical crops.
Impacts of Pandemics on Healthcare Workers in Teaching Hospitals in Rivers State, Nigeria: Perspective from Healthcare Workers’ Experience during Pandemics
Authors: Maureen Kadiri, Aghiosikhaino , Lawal Olanrewaju, , Chinedu Mmom, Prince , Chigozie Nwondah,
Published: June 2023

Background: Pandemics are wide-ranging incidences of infectious diseases that significantly increase morbidity and mortality in extensive geographic area. The study assessed impacts of pandemics experienced by healthcare workers in teaching hospitals in Rivers State, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted among healthcare workers in teaching hospitals (University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) and Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH) in Rivers State Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling method was adopted to recruit 754 healthcare workers into the study, and a descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. A structured questionnaire was developed and pre-tested. The reliability of the questionnaire for this study was performed with the index of internal consistency and was calculated with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient which gave a considerable value of 0.72. The responses gotten from the participants were entered into, and analysed with IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25. Ethical clearance to conduct the study was gotten from the Research and Ethics Committee of the University of Port Harcourt. Informed consents were obtained from each of the participants.

Results: Most (62.2%) of the participants experienced psychological impact of pandemics, (59.4%) of the participants experienced emotional impact of pandemics, (54.5%) of the participants experienced financial impact of pandemics and the overall (58.2%) of experienced impact of pandemics on the HCWs was obtained. Also, the result revealed a statistically significant association between marital (p=0.0001), sex (p=0.003), religion (p=0.0001), level of education completed (p=0.039), income (p=0.0001), professional category (p=0.0001), duration of work (p=0.0001) and overall experienced impact of pandemics on the participants. We predicted that among the participants, marital status, sex, religion, education, income professional category, and work duration at (p≤ 0.05), significantly contributed to the level of experienced impact of pandemics among the participants.

Conclusion: Majority of the healthcare workers reported impact of pandemics. However, psychological impact of the pandemics was most prevalent impact experienced by the healthcare workers who took part in this study. The level of impact of pandemics experienced by the health workers were substantially influenced by their socio-demographic characteristics. We recommend hospital management should improve the work setting and provide necessary support to the workers. Also, the healthcare workers should participant trainings on coping strategies during pandemics.
Neurocognitive Impairment in Patients with HIV and Depression in Nigeria
Authors: Umar Murtala M. , Habib Zaharaddeen G. , Umar Usman M. , Yakasai Ahmad M. , Inuwa Kawther I. , Salihu Auwal S. , Habib Maryam A. , Inuwa Sumayya I. , Gudaji Mustapha I. , Owoloabi Shakirah D. , Baguda Abubakar S. , Taura Aminu A. , Aghukwa Chika N. , Abubakar Ahmad M. , Habib Zaiyad G. , Babandi Fawaz
Published: June 2023

HIV has been associated with neurocognitive impairment which may be due to the direct effect of the virus, indirect effect or due to medications side effects or due to a combination of factors. HIV and depression have been shown separately to have neurocognitive deficits.

Aim: Determine the prevalence of NCI and factors associated with it among depressed and non-depressed patients with HIV on combined antiretroviral treatment (cART).

Methodology. A descriptive comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among People living with HIV (PLHIV) at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital in Kano State, northern Nigeria. Participants were grouped into HIV with depression and HIV without depression groups based on current diagnosis using the depression module of the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI)-7th edition. A multi-domain neuropsychological battery (MDNPT) of 5 tests (assessed 5 cognitive domains) was used to diagnose Neurocognitive impairment.

Results: Fifty-seven percent of the study sample were females, and the mean age of the participants was 37.54 (±10.04) years with an age range of 18-65 years.

The prevalence of NCI was 74% among the depressed 68.3% among the non-depressed group (p=0.484). Years of education and IHDS score were significantly associated with NCI in the depressed group (p < 0.05 respectively). While among the non-depressed group, Years of education, average monthly income and IHDS score were significantly associated with NCI (p < 0.05 respectively).

Conclusion: Neurocognitive impairment occurs in HIV-positive patients but is worsened by a depressive disorder. There is a need to adequately assess and treat HIV patients with depression. Treatment may improve neurocognitive impairment in depressed HIV patients.
Selection of Thermotolerant and Non Overoxydative Acetic Acid Strains for Cost Effective Vinegar Production
Authors: Delphine N’guessan Yevi , Eric Akpa Essoh , Bernadette Goualie Gblossi , Wilfried Yao , Lamine Samagaci
Published: June 2023

The aim of this study was to select thermotolerant acetic acid bacteria with no overoxidation ability that would be useful for low-cost vinegar production. Acetic bacteria were isolated from palm wine and mango pulp after 3 to 5 days of fermentation. The isolates were first characterized by biochemical tests and were identified by sequencing of the rRNA 16 S gene. From the substrates collected, a total of 48 acetic acid bacteria were isolated. Among them, 8 strains showing inability to oxidate acetate to CO2 and H2O. Three strains of these 8 isolates belonging to Gluconobacter oxydans (Ski1) and to Acetobacter ghanensis (Fke 22 and Fk5) were able to grow and produce acetic acid at 37°C and in culture medium containing 5% of ethanol and until 10% of acetic acid. This study allows to select three thermotolerant acetic acid bacteria strains with high amount of acetic acid production capacity but with no-overoxydation ability.  These strains could then be useful as starters for low-cost vinegar production.
The Investigation of Young Indonesian Consumer Loyalty toward Coffee Shops
Authors: Zhavier M. Favian , Hidayat Anas
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship and influence between social media marketing activities, brand awareness, brand image and consumer loyalty. The information used in this study came from survey responses distributed to 250 visitors to the Cosan coffee shop in Indonesia,Yogyakarta. Non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling approach is the sampling methodology used in this study. Purposive sampling was used in this study because it was necessary to meet specific criteria before selecting a sample in order to be able to answer certain research questions in addition to providing a representative value. Testing the hypothesis used in this study using statistical Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the help of the AMOS 24 program. Social media marketing activity variables positively and significantly influence brand awareness at Cosan coffee shops in the city of Yogyakarta, Social media marketing activities have a positive and significant effect on brand image at Cosan coffee shops in Yogyakarta city, Brand image and awareness have a positive and significant effect on consumer loyalty at the Cosan coffee shop in the city of Yogyakarta.
Petrographic and Structural Study of Precambrian Pegmatite Veins in the Igarra Schist Belt, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Ohaegbulem Modestus Chijioke , Ukaegbu Victor U. , Onwualu-John Josephine N.
Published: June 2023

Precambrian Pegmatite veins in Igarra were studied and analyzed in order to group the veins based on their structures, orogenic episodes and modal composition. Pegmatite veins are found more in granodiorites, Migmatite-Gneiss and undifferentiated mixed rocks in the study area.  The studied veins were predominantly dykes and sills while some were folded into irregular shapes. Exposed studied veins have minimum length of 2.5m and maximum of 10m.  A minimum width of 43cm and maximum of 2m were also recorded. Structural elements like strike directions analyzed using rose diagrams suggest that the emplacement of pegmatite veins is related to a dominant structural control orogenic event. Two major deformational episodes were recorded on the pegmatite veins studied. The irregular recumbent folded pegmatite veins represent a ductile phase deformation which resulted in the formation of planar structures in the study area. The second deformation that impacted the pegmatites was a brittle phase deformation that resulted to fractures found in basement rocks many which were filled with pegmatites and quartz veins. Results showed that the dominant strike directions of veins were mainly in the NE-SW and N-S directions. Also recorded were few veins which trend in the NW-SE direction both which were likely the imprint of Pan-African orogeny in the study area. Modal composition of minerals from thin section results on samples shows they are predominantly feldspathic pegmatites with k-feldspar between (32 to 46%) with mean value of 40.9% and plagioclase (18 to 30%) with mean value of 21.5%.The NE-SW veins have more biotite than the NW-SE pegmatite veins. Perthitic structures (mask effect of albitic plagioclase) were recorded in the NE-SW veins. Sericitization of feldspars (hydrothermal alteration) was also seen in the NE-SW pegmatite veins. The mineral Tourmaline is associated with NE-SW veins as seen in thin section petrography while Sphene (Titanite) can be found in the NW-SE pegmatite veins.
Assessment of life satisfaction and risk of violence in elderly / Avaliação da satisfação com a vida e o risco para violência em idosos
Authors: Monteiro Gleicy Karine Nascimento de Araújo , Santos Renata Clemente dos , Souto Rafaella Queiroga , Leal Cláudia Quézia Amado Monteiro , Brandão Bárbara Maria Lopes da Silva , Freitas Waglânia Mendonça Faustino e
Published: June 2023

Objetivo: descrever a relação da satisfação com a vida e o risco para violência entre homens e mulheres idosos. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal, realizado com 159 idosos, utilizando a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida e Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test. Os dados foram analisados mediante estatística descritiva (frequência absoluta e relativa, medidas de tendência central e dispersão) e inferencial (Teste t de Student; Regressão Linear). Resultados: a satisfação com a vida segundo o gênero apresentou diferença significativa entre as médias do risco para violência, verificando que os homens idosos que apresentavam risco para violência estavam menos satisfeitos com a vida. Observou-se correlação negativa para o grupo masculino (β=-0,416) e feminino (β=-0,293) entre essas variáveis. Conclusão: homens idosos que apresentam risco para violência exibem menores escores de satisfação, apontando que a satisfação com a vida aumenta à medida em que o risco para violência diminui.
Provision of Hospital Price Information After Increases in Financial Penalties for Failure to Comply With a US Federal Hospital Price Transparency Rule
Authors: Kong Edward , Ji Yunan
Published: June 2023

Importance

Price transparency regulations aim to help patients make informed decisions about medical care, but enforcing these rules is a policy challenge. There may be an association between financial penalties and hospital compliance for enforcing price transparency regulations.

Objective

To evaluate the association between financial penalties and acute care hospital compliance with the 2021 Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Price Transparency Rule.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study uses an instrumental variable design to evaluate the responses of 4377 acute care hospitals in the US operating in 2021 and 2022 to changes in financial penalties in the context of a federal rule requiring hospitals to disclose privately negotiated prices.

Exposure

Changes in noncompliance penalties between 2021 and 2022 based on a nonlinear function of bed counts.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Whether hospitals publicly posted a machine-readable file with private, payer-specific negotiated prices at the service-code level. Negative controls were used to address confounding.

Results

The final sample included 4377 hospitals. Compliance increased from 70.4% (n = 3082) in 2021 to 87.7% (n = 3841) in 2022, with 90.2% of hospitals (n = 3948) reporting prices in at least 1 year. Noncompliance penalties increased from $109 500/y in 2021 to a mean (SD) of $510 976 ($534 149)/y in 2022. Penalties in 2022 were substantial, averaging 0.49% of total hospital revenue, 0.53% of total hospital costs, and 1.3% of total employee wages. Compliance increases were significantly positively correlated with penalty increases: a $500 000 increase in penalty was associated with a 2.9–percentage point (95% CI, 1.7-4.2 percentage points; P < .001) increase in compliance. Results were robust to controlling for observable hospital characteristics. No associations were found for preperiod (2021) compliance or ranges of bed counts where penalties do not vary.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of 4377 hospitals, compliance with the CMS Price Transparency Rule was associated with increased financial penalties. These findings are relevant for the enforcement of other regulations designed to promote transparency in health care.
Improving the Integration of Social Determinants of Mental Health in the DSMs
Authors: Aggarwal Neil Krishan
Published: June 2023

This Viewpoint discusses ways in which future editions of DSM could address social determinants in the diagnosis and treatment of mental health disorders.
Alloyed Pt Single‐Atom Catalysts for Durable PEM Water Electrolyzer
Authors: Gao Hongmei , Jiang Yimin , Chen Ru , Dong Chung‐Li , Huang Yu‐Cheng , Ma Mingyu , Shi Zude , Liu Jiaqi , Zhang Zijin , Qiu Mengyi , Wu Tianyu , Wang Jinbo , Jiang Yubin , Chen Jun , An Xiuyun , He Yongmin , Wang Shuangyin
Published: June 2023

The high cost of noble metals is one of the key factors hindering the large‐scale application of proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzer for hydrogen production. Recently, single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with a potential of maximum atom utilization efficiency enable lowering the metal amount as much as possible; unfortunately, their durability remains a challenge under PEM water electrolyzer working conditions. Herein, a highly‐stable alloyed Pt SAC is demonstrated through a plasma‐assisted alloying strategy and applies to a PEM water electrolyzer. In this catalyst, single Pt atoms are firmly anchored onto a Ru support via a robust metal–metal bonding strength, as evidenced by these complementary characterizations. This SAC is used in a PEM water electrolyzer system to achieve a cell voltage as low as 1.8 V at 1000 mA cm−2. Impressively, it can operate over 1000 h without obvious decay, and the catalyst is present in the form of individual Pt atoms. To the knowledge, this will be the first SAC attempt at a cell level toward long‐term PEM. This work paves the way for designing durable SACs employed in the actual working condition in the PEM water electrolyzer.