bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desenvolvimento e conflito ambiental: a construção do discurso dos “espaços vazios” em megaprojetos no litoral sul do Espírito Santo, Brasil
Authors: Meira Ana Cláudia Hebling , Almeida Jalcione
Published: October 2022

Nas últimas décadas, o discurso desenvolvimentista no Brasil promoveu diversas ações que culminaram na atração de investimentos em grandes empreendimentos. Eleito o espaço adequado para investimentos em infraestrutura logística para apoio a exportações e à modernização da cadeia de produção de petróleo e gás, o litoral sul do estado do Espírito Santo é, a partir do início dos anos 2000, palco de transformações que ocorrem com o anúncio da instalação de portos, usinas termoelétricas, construção de estradas e ferrovias, entre outros. Este processo não se viabiliza sem a ocorrência de conflitos. Em pesquisa recente, cujo objetivo foi o de focar os conflitos ambientais originados no choque de interesses entre os investimentos portuários e as comunidades pesqueiras no sul do estado, constatou-se que um dos mecanismos utilizados pelo “desenvolvimento” para se viabilizar foi a construção de um discurso que ressalta os “espaços vazios”. Este artigo pretende demonstrar os elementos utilizados para a afirmação deste discurso e a sua negação, que contempla as espacialidades repletas de diversidade e diferenças, expressas pela presença de comunidades tradicionais de pesca artesanal. Conclui-se que as ações do desenvolvimento, na medida em que se pretendem homogeneizadoras, não permitem a existência de diferenças do espaço o que provoca as disputas que ocorrem no litoral sul do Espírito Santo, com destaque àquelas que dizem respeito à manutenção do modo de vida do pescador artesanal.
Políticas de desenvolvimento nacional e impactos regionais: um estudo sobre São José dos Campos e Taubaté
Authors: Neto Pedro Ribeiro Moreira , Costa Aline Cristina Gomes da , Zanetti Valéria Regina
Published: October 2022

A política nacional de desenvolvimento da primeira metade do século XX, contou com a atuação do Estado no subsídio de infraestrutura para municípios de inclinação industrial e promoveu a chamada terceira fase de industrialização no Brasil evidenciando a região do Vale do Paraíba no cenário econômico nacional. Este estudo visa identificar os incentivos para o intenso surto de industrialização que ocorreu no eixo da Rodovia Presidente Dutra no período caracterizado como Nacional Desenvolvimentismo e analisar de que forma tais ações influenciaram o desenvolvimento de municípios cujas estruturas urbanas e dinâmicas sócio espaciais se modificaram, a ponto de ocorrer, a partir de 1950, uma inversão na polarização hierárquica da rede urbana regional. O estudo, de caráter histórico descritivo e reflexivo foi amparado em pesquisa bibliográfica, em especial sobre a região do Vale do Paraíba Paulista no período da implantação industrial fordista, com destaque aos municípios de São José dos Campos e Taubaté. A análise central visa entender a configuração urbana espacial durante as décadas de 1950 e 1970, quando o município de São José dos Campos passa a protagonizar a hegemonia regional, antes liderada por Taubaté.
Pobreza Rural no Norte do Brasil: uma análise do perfil socioeconômico dos beneficiários do Programa Bolsa Família
Authors: Fonseca Fernando Sérgio de Toledo , Höher Ricardo , Mendes Paulo Augusto , Romão Filipe Bastos
Published: October 2022

O Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) tem sido objeto de vários estudos em economia aplicada. O programa se consolidou e assumiu centralidade na política social brasileira, mas ainda sim, há poucos estudos sobre a efetividade do programa no combate à pobreza no meio rural de acordo com as especificidades das regiões do país. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o perfil socioeconômico dos beneficiários rurais do PBF do meio rural na região Norte do Brasil. Utilizando os dados do CadÚnico do Ministério da Cidadania, os resultados apresentam uma quantidade expressiva de famílias em situação de extrema pobreza. A pesquisa revela as precárias condições de vida dos beneficiários do programa, sobretudo no que se refere à carência ou o não acesso aos bens públicos essenciais. Assim, conclui-se que o PBF se mostra insuficiente para atender as necessidades básicas das famílias rurais no sentido de criar oportunidades sociais e econômicas para que as mesmas escapem da armadilha da pobreza.
Gestão integrada do transporte público coletivo e relações com cidade digital estratégica: Curitiba e região metropolitana
Authors: Rezende Denis Alcides , Ramos Ramon Vinicius Ferreira , Almeida Giovana Goretti Feijó de
Published: October 2022

As cidades estão em constante crescimento e expansão territorial. O objetivo é analisar a gestão integrada do transporte público coletivo e as relações com a cidade digital estratégica. A metodologia da pesquisa enfatizou um estudo de caso sobre transporte público coletivo em Curitiba e região metropolitana. O protocolo de pesquisa se concentrou em 11 variáveis. Os resultados auferidos destacaram a presença dos subprojetos da cidade digital estratégica no modelo vigente de gestão integrada do sistema de transporte público coletivo de Curitiba e região metropolitana. No entanto, não há um documento oficial que especifique as estratégias e metas que sirvam de base para gestões futuras. A conclusão reitera a importância do debate sobre mobilidade urbana, local e regional, referindo-se à integração da gestão dos serviços públicos nos e entre os municípios. Destaca-se que quando se tem um sistema de transporte público coletivo estrategicamente planejado e implementado adequadamente se contribui com o desenvolvimento urbano-regional.
Redes sociais, imigração e cultura: árabes e descendentes na economia da fronteira Ponta Porã (BR)/Pedro Juan Caballero (PY)
Authors: Missio Fabricio Jose , Balbuena Natalia Bolgado , Palma Rogério da
Published: October 2022

Desde os anos 1990, estudiosos reivindicam a necessidade de uma abordagem interdisciplinar na compreensão de fenômenos considerados propriamente econômicos. Os deslocamentos migratórios, por seu turno, apontam como uma interessante experiência para a análise da relação entre cultura e economia. O caráter relacional das transações econômicas é algo cada vez mais reconhecido. Este artigo, por sua vez, pretende aplicar a ideia de redes sociais a fim de se compreender a presença e atuação da população de origem árabe (imigrantes e descendentes) em certas atividades econômicas na fronteira entre Ponta Porã, Brasil, e Pedro Juan Caballero, cidade situada no Paraguai. Para tanto, empreende-se algumas reflexões sobre aspectos que podem ter determinado a vinda e a expansão dos árabes para a fronteira em epígrafe. Através da delimitação de certas trajetórias familiares, construídas a partir de entrevistas, tem-se a intenção de demonstrar a importância das redes sociais na construção dessas últimas. Conclui-se que o movimento imigratório dos árabes e sua inserção socioeconômica são influenciados pelas ações de suas respectivas redes. Ademais, o capital social, expresso pelas relações de confiança, pela cooperação e habilidades comerciais, pauta-se em seus princípios culturais e apresenta-se como um fator social das relações econômicas, sendo um fator significativo no processo de formação social e econômica da região estudada.
Transformações demográficas e nas estratégias de trabalho: uma abordagem longitudinal da agricultura familiar em Salvador das Missões – Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Franck Thies Vanderlei
Published: October 2022

O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar variações na disponibilidade de mão de obra familiar e analisar as estratégias de alocação de trabalho dos agricultores familiares. Para tal, além de revisão de literatura, foram coletados dados primários através de pesquisa de campo junto as mesmas famílias, no ano de 2003 e 2018, no município de Salvador das Missões – Rio Grande do Sul. A amostra foi do tipo sistemática por comunidade e as famílias, no primeiro ano da pesquisa, foram escolhidas através de sorteio. Os dados revelam que ocorreu redução do número médio de integrantes e envelhecimento das famílias agricultoras, o que implicou na redução da sua capacidade de trabalho. Frente a isso as famílias diminuem o volume de trabalho alocado em atividades agrícolas e ampliam a alocação de trabalho familiar em atividades não agrícolas. Além disso, observou-se que a contratação do trabalho de terceiros e a alocação de trabalho familiar em atividades agrícolas fora dos estabelecimentos familiares mostraram-se pouco expressivas nos anos estudados.
Uma leitura territorialmente situada dos processos de transição agroecológica: ecologia de projetos na Região Serrana Fluminense
Authors: Palm Juliano Luís , Schmitt Claudia Job , Lamine Claire
Published: October 2022

Este artigo busca analisar, sob uma perspectiva diacrônica, um conjunto diversificado de iniciativas de ambientalização/ecologização da agricultura e do sistema agroalimentar, contextualizadas na Região Serrana do Rio de Janeiro, particularmente nos municípios de Petrópolis, Teresópolis e Nova Friburgo. As reflexões aqui apresentadas buscam dialogar com um emergente campo de estudos, de caráter interdisciplinar, que toma como objeto de investigação os processos de transição para a sustentabilidade. A pesquisa busca integrar uma abordagem de natureza sistêmica ao estudo das práticas e das experiências dos atores sociais, incorporando, também, contribuições advindas da geografia crítica brasileira e da sociologia francesa. O trabalho teve por base um conjunto diversificado de metodologias, incluindo análise documental, entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação participante. Os resultados alcançados colocam em evidência os efeitos gerados por um conjunto diversificado de contenções territoriais, que impõem limites à incorporação de princípios de sustentabilidade ao sistema agri-alimentar em nível territorial. Chamam atenção, ao mesmo tempo, para a capacidade de agência demonstrada pelos atores sociais na construção de projetos coletivos e individuais, possibilitando a emergência, ao longo do tempo, de um campo compartilhado de relações, quadros interpretativos e controvérsias, descrito pela pesquisa como uma ecologia de projetos.
O papel das redes para o desenvolvimento do turismo rural e da valorização dos produtos de origem
Authors: Belletti Giovanni , Marescotti Andrea
Published: October 2022

Nas zonas rurais, o desenvolvimento é reorientado de forma a valorizar os recursos locais - físicos e socioculturais - com o objetivo de reter os benefícios na área o máximo possível. Os objetivos de desenvolvimento são definidos com base nas necessidades, capacidades e perspectivas dos agentes locais, enquanto a participação da população é um princípio fundamental e uma estratégia de ação. A pluralidade e heterogeneidade de agentes e interesses é, portanto, característica marcante da estratégia de qualidade territorial, cujo desenvolvimento e implementação costuma envolver a contribuição de diversas figuras econômicas. Neste ensaio, identificamos e discutimos a pluralidade de funções-chave que as redes podem desempenhar nos processos de desenvolvimento rural endógeno. A zona rural e seus processos de desenvolvimento endógeno, evidenciados pelos dois casos analisados - do agriturismo e da valorização dos produtos de origem - podem ser interpretados respectivamente como uma rede de redes, mais ou menos formalizada, resultantes de suas interações. Em particular, identificamos a função de construir conexões entre capitais para criar significados, ou seja, capital simbólico, caracterizado pelo desenvolvimento de funções econômicas / organizativas, pela criação e compartilhamento de padrões internos e gestão de bens comuns territoriais; soma-se a isso uma metafunção, uma governance eficaz da relação entre os agentes.
Assessment of Product Localization During the Import Substitution in the Fuel and Energy Sector
Authors:   National University of Oil and Gas ", Zhdaneev O. V. ,   Gubkin University"
Published: October 2022

Considering the current geopolitical situation, the issues of technological sovereignty and fuel and energy sector development became urgent. In order to determine priorities for the implementation of public-private partnership (since these problems cannot be solved only through budgetary funding), areas largely depending on the import of equipment, technologies and software should be identified. The article presents a new methodology for assessing product localisation in the fuel and energy sector. The study reviews the existing approach (based on the Government Decree No. 719) and current challenges of implementing the local content policy in the Russian fuel and energy sector. The proposed methodology is based on the relevant experience of various countries in calculating the local content value, as well as the best practices of some Russian companies. Particular attention is paid to the complete value chain for products, services and software. The basic formula for calculating the product localisation includes estimations for each cost item in the value chain. Cost data taken from the appendix to the balance sheet, invoices and annual reports of enterprises were used as input. The total costs and import costs were considered for each cost item. According to the results of a comparative analysis of existing Russian and international methodologies, the developed approach was evaluated by the industry community and was considered to be the most relevant. The main risks of deploying the methodology in the import substitution programme, as well as risk management measures were described. The fuel and energy sector companies could use the research findings to assess the actual dependence on imported equipment and technologies.
Optimal Spatial Models of Interregional Economic Cooperation in the Field of Innovative Economy
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Mosalev A. I.
Published: October 2022

Domestic cooperation of companies in the field of innovative economy seems to be a promising research area in Russia, especially considering recent macroeconomic events caused by sanctions, in particular, restrictions on the import of high-tech goods. Thus, the present study examines the optimal spatial scale of interregional innovation cooperation. The article presents an analysis of approaches to determining the optimal number of k-matrices of relations between innovation active regions. It is hypothesised that the innovative activity of the business sector in one region does not influence the innovative activity of its neighbours and vice versa. Stepwise regression was applied to identify the core explanatory variable. Based on the spatial weights matrices, a spatial econometric model was constructed using the least squares method. Further, the global Moran’s I was employed to test the spatial correlation, in particular, local indicators of spatial association (LISA) using the queen criterion of contiguity were utilised to determine the dependencies of innovative activity between neighbouring regions. The analysis used panel data from all Russian regions for the period from 2010 to 2019, as well as spatial econometric modelling to identify the side effects of the optimal spatial scale. As a result, the study revealed the presence of spatial correlation in the levels of regional innovative activity, the size of markets, as well as institutional support for enterprises in individual regions. Additionally, the research identified factors positively affecting the scale of innovative activity of the regions and adjacent territories, such as regional domestic income, the number of participants in innovation processes and infrastructure facilities. It has been established that the neighbourhood of regions characterised by the presence of many participants in innovation processes (at least 100 units), as well as innovation infrastructure facilities (at least 810 units) will be seen as the optimal scale of regional cooperation.
Assessment of Export-Led Growth Hypothesis: The Case of Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Islam M. M. , Tareque M. ,   Bangladesh Institute of Governance and Management, Moniruzzaman M. ,   Bangladesh Institute of Governance and Management, Ali M. I. ,   Ryerson University
Published: October 2022

The Asian countries, particularly Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar, have been witnessing impressive economic growth rates due to their trade performance in the international market. Although export-led growth assumption is functional in these economies, existing pieces of literature hardly considered them in their studies. Against this backdrop, the present study investigates the export-led growth hypothesis for four South Asian countries — Bangladesh, China, India, and Myanmar — covering country-specific different time ranges. This research employs the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to co-integration and the MWALD Granger causality test to determine the causal relationship between variables. The results obtained from the autoregressive distributed lag method confirm the co-integration among the variables. In addition, the Granger causality test explores both the export-led and growth-led export hypotheses in Bangladesh and India as per the bidirectional causation between exports and economic development. Only the export-led growth theorem is relevant to China, and the growth-led export hypothesis is valid in the case of Myanmar based on the unidirectional causation between these variables. Therefore, any joint footstep of BCIM countries is critical to promoting exports by penetrating new destinations with diversified export goods and services. The obtained findings also indicate the potential for utilising these countries’ unused resources to encourage exports to uplift the existing growth trajectory.
Determinants of Investment Attraction to Economic Growth Points of the Russian Far East
Authors:   Amur State University, Yakimova V. A , Khmura S. V. ,   Amur State University,   Investment Attraction Agency of the Amur Region
Published: October 2022

Due to the sanctions imposed by foreign states, modern Russian economy greatly depends on the economy of the Far East characterised by the formation and stimulation of investment in the territories of advanced development (TADs). However, at the present stage, economic growth measures are not working effectively in all Far Eastern regions. The article presents the results of an analysis of factors shaping the investment attractiveness of the territories of advanced development established in the Russian Far East. The study examines regional socio-economic indicators, accounting statements of residents and non-financial information on business reputation of enterprises. Since territories of advanced development are considered economic growth points of the Russian Far East, the research aims to identify relevant patterns and rank TADs according to the importance of the factors of investment potential and risks. To this end, the methods of econometric analysis and modelling were applied. The developed methodology for assessing investment attractiveness includes indicators adapted for TADs, component factor analysis and modelling. Based on the analysis, factor models were constructed and the factors were grouped according to their impact on the investment potential and risks of the territories of advanced development of the Far Eastern Federal District. The obtained results indicate that the initial development stage of economic growth points is characterised by various financial and social problems, insufficient investment and uneven distribution of investments to ensure advanced economic growth. The established factor models explain the importance of creating a favourable investment environment, attracting investments for the construction of infrastructure, increasing the efficiency of resource potential in the Far Eastern regions. Factors of the internal business environment of residents — financial condition and the initial stage of enterprise operation from the moment of state registration — are seen as constraining. Priority ranking of factors revealed key directions for improving the mechanism for attracting and distributing investments in the regions. Additionally, it can help coordinate the work of government bodies, development institutions and entrepreneurship and direct business support measures to important areas of territorial development, reducing the impact of constraining factors and risks.
Assessment of the Influence of Macroeconomic Shocks on Deposit Resources of Commercial Banks in the Russian Federation and the EU Countries
Authors:   Sevastopol State University, Grinko E. L. , Ilyunina D. A. ,   Sevastopol State University,   Department of Labor and Social Protection of the City of Sevastopol
Published: October 2022

Economic process management takes place in the context of sharply increased shock and turbulence components, when business environment is extremely unstable, and risk, an inevitable element of a managed system, becomes even more unpredictable as a result of the increased influence of systemic factors. Considering the impact of economic shocks on socio-economic welfare, as well as the reaction, the depth of the consequences, and the susceptibility of countries to shock impulses, the issue of assessing the possible consequences for all economic entities, including banks, became acute. Using economic and mathematical tools, including the calculation of regression coefficients and relative velocities, the study determined the influence of macroeconomic shocks and their main types for the economies of the Russian Federation and EU countries. The specificity of the impact of economic shows on the deposits was shown. Conclusions were drawn regarding the impact of shock impulse indicators on the savings behaviour of depositors, the level of inflow and stability of bank deposits in the Russian Federation and EU countries. It was established that for the Russian economy, the instantaneous impact of all assessed factors on the banks deposit resources is an important feature of the impact of shocks. For European countries, there is a time lag with the transmission of impulses through individual development indicators. The proposed method allows analysing and forecasting the modern crises impact, including the projection of the banks’ deposit activity in the face of the “new normal”. Using this data, future studies may predict a combination of shocks that can affect bank deposit resources, considering the peculiarities of a country development.
Reaction of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises to the Corona Crisis: the Impact of Regional Authorities
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Ruzhanskaya L. S. , Fonova N. G. ,   Ural Federal University, Yakimova E. A. ,   Ural Federal University
Published: October 2022

The decline in Russian business activity due to the Covid restrictions was much lower than forecasted by international financial institutions. Even the small and medium enterprises (SME) sector, which experienced a significant downturn, in 2021 demonstrated a recovery and intentions to conduct business. The present study aims to reveal the impact of regional authorities on the activity of small and medium-sized enterprises during the crisis, coupled with the entrepreneurs’ own efforts and economic freedom in the region. To this end, a case study of Sverdlovsk oblast, a large Russian region with a diversified industrial structure and a developed SME sector, was analysed. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were utilised in the case study. Qualitative methods include semi-structured interviews with CEOs aimed at identifying deep motives of activity and diversity of business responses to external challenges. As for quantitative methods, the economic freedom index of the region for 2002-2020 was calculated using the Coates method, the relationship between entrepreneurial activity in Sverdlovsk oblast and government intervention in the regional economy was assessed based on the ordinary least squares regression. The study demonstrated that the number of individual entrepreneurs depends on the government participation in the regional economy, while the activity of legal entities is more related to economic freedom. During the crisis, demand reduction and change, real income decline, restrictions on cross-border transactions and a growing concentration of market power accelerated changes in companies’ business models in terms of interaction with consumers, value proposition, networking and digitalisation of business. Additionally, business associations involved in the interaction between companies and public authorities gained importance in this period. The research results can be applied in the design of public policy measures for the small and medium-sized enterprises and regional development.
El testimonio y su potencial ficcional
Authors: ZÁRATE Julio
Published: October 2022

El presente artículo propone un estudio sobre Los niños perdidos (2016), de la escritora mexicana Valeria Luiselli, un ensayo sobre la situación de los menores centroamericanos que cruzan de manera ilegal la frontera estadounidense. En un primer momento, se estudiará la función del testimonio según las perspectivas que adopta la autora –escribir y traducir el testimonio, ser testigo. Posteriormente, se analizarán algunas características propias del ensayo, lo que permitirá subrayar, en este caso, el vínculo entre la no-ficción y la ficción como parte de un mismo proceso creativo. La no-ficción aparece como fuente de material documental y como reflejo de una experiencia vital, estos elementos constituyen el germen del proceso que da paso a la ficción y se materializa con la publicación de la novela de Luiselli, Lost Children Archives o Desierto sonoro (2019).
Los géneros de lo inenarrable: cuerpo, testigo y testimonio
Authors: LOMBARDO Martín
Published: October 2022

En el presente artículo, luego de un breve repaso del lugar y de la función del género periodístico y del testimonio en la literatura latinoamericana de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, nos centramos en el uso que le da Rodolfo Walsh a las cartas para intervenir en el debate político, dar testimonio y abordar la violencia. A su vez, analizamos y comparamos las maneras en que posteriormente las crónicas de María Moreno reconfiguran el vínculo entre lo político y lo testimonial incorporando y resignificando la función del deseo. Nos centramos en particular en las diferencias al narrar e interpretar el episodio de la muerte de la hija de Rodolfo Walsh.
Threshold of treatment of the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in the crop of starchy corn (Zea mays L. ssp amylaceo)
Authors: Yanqui Franklin , Alarcón Juan , Carrasco Haydee , Caballero Sandra , Sauñe Benito , Chávez Daniel , Moreno Sarita , Buendía Marilyn , Bravo Nicanor
Published: October 2022

The objective of the study was to determine the treatment threshold (TU) of the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in the cultivation of starchy maize (Zea mays L. ssp amilaceous) in the Ccanabamba sector, Tamburco district, Abancay province, Apurímac department, Peru. A completely randomized design was used, with three chemical treatments (T1: Tifon 2.5% PS; T2: Chlorpyrifos S480; T3: Cyperklin 25) and a control. 160 larvae, Spodoptera frugiperda, in stage L3, were collected, and one larva was placed per maize plant. The evaluation was carried out every three days, from 28 days of sowing. The results indicated that the treatment threshold is 1.86%; 1.43%; 1.38% and 0.00% with T1, T2, T3 and control, respectively; T1 being the one with the highest tolerance to the presence of the pest. In addition to obtaining the highest yield and price (1,917.57 kg/ha; 5.87 S//kg), followed by T2 (1,872.63 kg/ha; 5.75 S//kg), T3 (1,823, 99 kg/ha; 5.99 S//kg) and Control (1381.35 kg/ha; 5.07 S//kg). It is recommended to use T1 in order to minimize the use of pesticides, obtain a higher yield in kg/ha, as well as a better price in S//kg of corn.
Conspiracy Beliefs, Misinformation, Social Media Platforms, and Protest Participation
Authors: Boulianne Shelley , Lee Sangwon
Published: October 2022

Protest has long been associated with left-wing actors and left-wing causes. However, right-wing actors also engage in protest. Are right-wing actors mobilized by the same factors as those actors on the left? This article uses cross-national survey data (i.e., US, UK, France, and Canada) gathered in February 2021 to assess the role of misinformation, conspiracy beliefs, and the use of different social media platforms in explaining participation in marches or demonstrations. We find that those who use Twitch or TikTok are twice as likely to participate in marches or demonstrations, compared to non-users, but the uses of these platforms are more highly related to participation in right-wing protests than left-wing protests. Exposure to misinformation on social media and beliefs in conspiracy theories also increase the likelihood of participating in protests. Our research makes several important contributions. First, we separate right-wing protest participation from left-wing protest participation, whereas existing scholarship tends to lump these together. Second, we offer new insights into the effects of conspiracy beliefs and misinformation on participation using cross-national data. Third, we examine the roles of emerging social media platforms such as Twitch and TikTok (as well as legacy platforms such as YouTube and Facebook) to better understand the differential roles that social media platforms play in protest participation.
RESULTS OF MONITORING THE INCIDENCE OF NON-POLIO ENTEROVIRUS INFECTION IN THE PRE-PANDEMIC AND PANDEMIC PERIODS
Authors: Suranova Tatiana
Published: October 2022

The results of monitoring the incidence of non-polio enterovirus infection (EVI) in the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug (2006-2021) are presented. It was found that the predominant share in the total incidence of EVI was urban population with a predominance of children under 6 years of age and school age. In the period 2020-2021. The low incidence of EVI was due to ongoing anti-epidemic measures against COVID-19 and was accompanied by the spread of enterovirus serotype CVA6, which is able to effectively implement the aspiration mechanism of transmission of the infectious agent and cause respiratory and exanthemic diseases. The spread of CVA6 was influenced by the growth of migration activity of the population, due to the partial lifting of restrictions and an increase in the non-immune stratum of the population due to a decrease in the incidence of EVI in 2020. The results of the study will contribute to the adoption of measures leading to a decrease in the incidence of EVI in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, rational planning of preventive measures, by improving the information and diagnostic subsystems of epidemiological surveillance. To solve these tasks, it is necessary to further study the spectrum of enteroviruses circulating on the territory of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, the frequency of their occurrence in subclinical forms of EVI and as etiological agents of enterovirus meningitis, the development of molecular genetic typing techniques using mass parallel high-performance sequencing technology, the study of molecular genetic characteristics. All this will reduce the risks of EVI morbidity in the post-pandemic period and ensure the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population and prevent the spread of EVI in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.
From bioinformatic screening of genetic markers to low invasive lymph node metastases diagnosis in patients with cervical cancer
Authors: Kutilin Denis S. , Kecheryukova Madina M.
Published: October 2022

Background. The problem of lymph nodes metastases diagnosing in cervical cancer remains relevant and not fully resolved. The last decade studies results have shown the great potential of molecular markers in lymph nodes metastasis prediction, however, additional studies for their implementation in clinical practice are required.
Aim. Bioinformatic and laboratory screening of molecular markers of cervical tumors regional metastasis for its low invasive diagnosis.
Material and methods. The study was performed on 400 patients with cervical cancer and 40 donors without oncological pathology. To identify potential molecular markers of lymph node metastatic lesions, the Cancer Genome Atlas database was initially analyzed. The identified markers were validated by the Real-Time-polymerase chain reaction in tumor cell samples (extracted using laser microdissection) and extracellular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The MannWhitney test was used to assess the differences; the Bonferroni correction was used to account for multiple comparisons.
Results. At the bioinformation stage, the change in the copy number of 5493 genes was analyzed, of which 79 genes were selected that most often change their copy number. During the data validation, it was found that primary tumor cells and tumor cells of metastases from the lymph nodes differ from normal cervix cells in the level of gene copies. The copy number of the CCND1 and PPARGC1A genes has the highest potential for regional lymph nodes metastases diagnosing in patients with cervical cancer; the PIK3CA, SPEN, ERBB3, APC, MUC4, CASP8, HLA-A, IGSF1 and TMTC1 loci have a lower potential. The EP300, TTN, DMD, DST, LAMP3, TORC2, TP53 and FOXO3 genes can be used to diagnose cervical cancer, whether metastatic or not. Additional validation of markers was carried out on extracellular DNA of blood plasma of cervical cancer patients and conditionally healthy donors. The presence of a differential copy number of PIK3CA, SPEN, ERBB3, APC, CCND1, HLA-A, TTN, MUC4, DST, PPARGC1A genes was found in two groups of patients with cervical cancer with and without metastatic lesions of the lymph nodes.
Conclusion. The study made it possible to form a list of potential molecular markers for low invasive diagnostics of cervical cancer in general (EP300, LAMP3, TORC2, FOXO3, TP53) and cervical cancer with metastatic lesions of regional lymph nodes (PIK3CA/DST, APC/PPARGC1A, ERBB3/HLA-A and LAMP3/MUC4).
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in assisted reproductive technology programs in the ­Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors: Sugurova Alfiya T. , Minniakhmetov Ildar R. , Tyurina Alla A. , Khusainova Rita I. , Yashchuk Alfiya G.
Published: October 2022

Background. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is a fatal complication of unknown etiology. In connection with the increase in the frequency of this complication, it is necessary to identify prognostically significant markers to discover the risk of its development.
Aim. To analyze the frequency of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and search for the association of genes for differential growth factor 9, luteinizing hormone/horiogonadotropin receptor, and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor with different responses to ovulation stimulation.
Material and methods. A retrospective single-center cohort study of the frequency and clinical parameters of early ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome was carried out in 147 patients, the average age was 36.5 [3338] years, who underwent an in vitro fertilization program in the period 20062021 in the Department of Assisted Reproductive Technologies of the Republican Medical Genetic Center in Ufa. The study of polymorphic loci of the genes for differential growth factor 9, luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor, and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor was performed using TaqMan technology and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Deoxyribonucleic acid was isolated from peripheral blood samples. Statistical analysis was performed using the KruskalWallis criteria, median test, Pearson's 2 test, using the Statistica 12 software package.
Results. 7577 procedures of assisted reproductive technologies were performed. 147 (2.3%) cases of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome were registered, 53 (0.8%) cases of moderate and severe degree, 84 (1.3%) cases of mild degree. The *CT genotype of the rs254286 polymorphic locus of the differential growth factor 9 gene was associated with a poor ovarian response 15 (0.75); (2=4.00; p=0.02; odds ratio 3.4; 95% confidence interval 1.1310.27). The distribution of allele and genotype frequencies of the other studied genes did not differ statistically significantly in all the studied groups.
Conclusion. The frequency of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in the Republic of Bashkortostan was 2.3%; the *CT genotype of the rs254286 polymorphic locus of the differential growth factor 9 gene, as well as the level of anti-Mllerian hormone, can serve as markers of a poor response and ovarian hyperstimulation to ovulation stimulation.
The effect of the photoperiod on the serotonergic system of the thymus and its role in the ­implementation of the effects of exogenous melatonin
Authors: Luzikova Elena M. , Sergeeva Valentina E. , Moskovsky Alexander V. , Sergeev Pavel V. , Lukachev Ivan A. , Moskovskaya Olesya I.
Published: October 2022

Background. It was believed that the functioning of the immune organs is photoindependent, but there are a number of works that testify to the effect of the photoperiod shift on the functioning of the immune organs. We hypothesized that the absence of a photoperiod under constant light or constant dark would affect the serotonergic system of the thymus gland, as well as the direction and intensity of melatonin exposure.
Aim. Study of serotonin-containing thymus cells under conditions of experimental desynchronosis and the role of the photoperiod in the realization of the effects of exogenous melatonin.
Material and methods. A comparative study of serotonin-containing thymus cells of 8-week-old Wistar rats, which were divided into 6 groups, was carried out. The first and second groups were kept under conditions of natural photoperiod, the third and fourth in conditions of constant darkening, the fifth and sixth groups in conditions of constant illumination within 4 weeks. Melatonin ad libitum at a concentration of 4 mg/l with water was received by animals of the second, fourth and sixth groups for 4 weeks. To determine the level of serotonin in cells, monoclonal antibodies to 5-HT were used. Conclusions about the serotonin content in the cells were made by measuring the optical density of the substance in 100 cells for each animal using the SigmaScan Pro5 program. Descriptive statistical processing was performed using the Statistica 17 program. The data obtained for each group of animals were averaged, the standard error and standard deviation were calculated.
Results. Artificial darkening reduced the serotonin content in 5-HT-immunoreactive cells of the cortical substance by 2.4 times (p=0.001), and constant illumination increased this indicator by 1.9 times (p=0.001). When melatonin was administered to animals kept in dark conditions for 4 weeks, the optical density of serotonin increased by 3.6 times (p 0.0001). Administration of melatonin to animals under constant illumination led to an increase in the optical density of serotonin in the cells of the diffuse endocrine system at the border of the cortex and medulla of the lobules by 1.5 times (p=0.002).
Conclusion. The cells of the diffuse endocrine system of the thymus are sensitive to changes in the photoperiod, and the introduction of melatonin has a multidirectional effect on the amount and optical density of serotonin under different light conditions.
Estimating the indirect costs associated with psoriasis
Authors: Novoderezhkina Evgeniya A. , Zyryanov Sergey K.
Published: October 2022

Background. The assessment of indirect economic costs associated with psoriasis is relevant due to the poor knowledge of the impact of the disease on key performance indicators, as well as the question of how the expansion of the pool of patients receiving genetically engineered biological drugs affects the indirect costs associated with the disease.
Aim. Evaluation of the indirect economic burden of psoriasis associated with missed work time and reduced performance in the actual presence at the workplace, as well as an assessment of the impact of changing the structure of therapy on indirect costs.
Material and methods. To calculate the indirect economic burden of psoriasis using the human capital method, two approaches were used: through an assessment of the impact on gross domestic product and through the use of the market value of working hours. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed to assess the impact of genetically engineered biologics on the indirect economic costs associated with psoriasis. Systematic search and selection of studies for network meta-analysis was performed using several databases (clinicaltrials.gov, Eu Clinical Trials, Pubmed, WHO ICTRP, medRxiv). Studies in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis treated with any genetically engineered biological drug were included.
Results. Indirect economic losses calculated through the assessment of the impact on the gross domestic product amounted to 10.2 billion rubles per year, and through the application of the market value of working time 17.9 billion rubles per year per 100,000 patients with psoriasis in 2018 in Russian Federation. The genetically engineered biological drugs prescription can lead to a reduction in the annual indirect economic burden by 4.9 billion rubles and 8.6 billion rubles per 100,000 economically active patients with moderate and severe psoriasis, calculated through the assessment of the impact on the gross domestic product and through the application of the market value of working hours, respectively.
Conclusion. A decrease in the work productivity of patients with psoriasis leads to significant indirect costs, while an increase in the proportion of patients receiving genetically engineered biological drugs leads to a decrease in the indirect economic burden on the state and society as a whole.
The contribution of Eduard Shperk to the study of the social causes of syphilis and leprosy in Eastern Siberia in the 19th century
Authors: Gaidarov Gaidar M. , Alekseevskaya Tatyana I. , Demidova Tatyana V. , Sofronov Oleg Yu.
Published: October 2022

The article reveals the role of Eduard Shperk in the study of social causes, hygienic living conditions of the indigenous population and the prevalence of syphilis and leprosy in the northeastern districts of the Russian Empire. The personality of a doctor performing his professional duty in the socio-economic, climatographic, epidemiological situation of the north-east of Siberia in the 19th century is not widely reflected in Russian literature. The scientific interests of the doctor were concentrated mainly in the field of syphilidology and dermatology. The purpose of the work was to study the facts of the initial stage of the formation of medical topographic research in the study of the syphilis and leprosy spread among the population, as well as the contribution of the syphilidologist and dermatologist Eduard Shperk. A structural-diachronic analysis of archival and literary sources of the 19th century, characterizing the problem of the syphilis and leprosy prevalence in the northeastern districts of Eastern Siberia, was carried out. The work is based on the study of materials from the Russian State Historical Archive of the Far East. In the conducted historical and medical research, the contribution of Eduard Shperk to the study of syphilis and leprosy that spread in the Yakutsk, Primorsky, Amur regions and in Transbaikalia was analyzed. For the first time, statistical values of the territorial prevalence of various forms of syphilis, the number of deaths among men and women, the clinical picture and the results of medical and police measures taken to limit the epidemic are summarized and shown. Eduard Shperks substantiation of the ways of treating syphilis depending on the form of its manifestation is demonstrated. The role of hygienic living conditions in the spread of the disease among the indigenous population is noted. The results and effectiveness of the itinerant nature of the work of Eduard Shperk in the northeastern districts of Siberia are reflected.
Studying social behavior in zebrafish (Danio rerioo) in the tests of social interaction, social preference, behavior in the shoaling and aggression tasks
Authors: Galstyan David S. , Kolesnikova Tatyana O. , Kositsyn Yurii M. , Zabegalov Konstantin N. , Gubaidullina Mariya A. , Maslov Gleb O. , Demin Konstantin A. , Kalueff Allan V.
Published: October 2022

Social interactions between conspecifics are an important factor in normal development of an individual in a community, and their deficits correlate with multiple psychiatric disorders. Several methods for assessing social behavior and its deficits have been described for zebrafish (Danio rerio), and include tests for social preference and social interaction. These tests are commonly used to model a wide range of social phenotypes that are potentially relevant to studying depression, pathological aggression, schizophrenia, autism, and other brain diseases. An important and widely used method for determining social behavior is the shoaling test, based on the innate, genetically fixed feature of zebrafish to form shoals/schools, the density of which depends on many factors, such as the presence of a predator, the effect of pharmacological drugs, etc. Aggression, along with shoaling, is an important manifestation of social behavior, which is also a core symptoms of multiple brain diseases, such as control disorder and conduct disorder. Here, we discuss various methods for assessing aggressive behavior in zebrafish (e.g., the mirror reflection tests), and their shoaling agonistic behaviors.
Using zebrafish (Danio rerio) to assess short-term memory: the habituation and the homebase tests
Authors: Galstyan David S. , Kolesnikova Tatyana O. , Kositsyn Yurii M. , Zabegalov Konstantin N. , Gubaidullina Mariya A. , Maslov Gleb O. , Demin Konstantin A. , Kalueff Allan V.
Published: October 2022

Environmental novelty is one of the most potent stressors in animals and is often used in behavioral neuroscience to study affective and cognitive impairments. However, in the process of studying an unfamiliar environment in experimental animals, there is a decrease in stress due to habituation (adaptation, habituation). In various behavioral tests in zebrafish, this manifests as swimming in areas that pose a potential danger to them: the upper part of the aquarium in the novel tank test and the central part in the open field test. When building an effective survival strategy, it is important to navigate in an unfamiliar environment from a home base the safest area that serves as a starting point in exploring a novel arena. Both discussed here, habitation and establishing the home base, are important for assessing cognitive behavioral traits in zebrafish related to short-term spatial working memory.
Experimental approaches to modeling delirium in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Maslov Gleb O. , Kolesnikova Tatyana O. , Zabegalov Konstantin N. , Kalueff Allan V.
Published: October 2022

Delirium is an acute psychiatric syndrome characterized by impaired attention, perception and orientation in space. Albeit known for millennia, the mechanisms and risk factors of delirium remain poorly understood. Experimental animal models, especially rodents, become widely used to understand these pathogenetic aspects. However, a new model organism zebrafish (Danio rerio) also has promise in this field. Discussed here, recent behavioral tests and protocols for zebrafish enable assessing their behavioral and cognitive function, and its experimental modulation by deliriant drugs and other factors.
Modeling and assaying seizure activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Galstyan David S. , Kolesnikova Tatyana O. , Kositsyn Yurii M. , Zabegalov Konstantin N. , Gubaidullina Mariya A. , Maslov Gleb O. , Demin Konstantin A. , Kalueff Allan V.
Published: October 2022

Epilepsy is a common neurological disease that has many causes with unclear pathophysiological mechanisms. Epilepsy, commonly studied in rodents, can also be modeled in zebrafish (Danio rerio). There are effective pharmacological and genetic models for zebrafish, sensitive to both pro and anticonvulsant effects. These aquatic models are likely to help expand the fundamental knowledge about the mechanisms of epilepsy pathogenesis and develop epilepsy therapy.