bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community advisory board members’ perspectives on their contributions to a large multistate cluster RCT: a mixed methods study
Authors: Bosak Julie , Drainoni Mari-Lynn , Christopher Mia , Medley Bethany , Rodriguez Sandra , Bell Sydney , Kim Erin , Stotz Caroline , Hamilton Greer , Bigsby Carol , Gillen Faizah , Kimball Jennifer , McClay Craig , Powers Kim , Walt Galya , Battaglia Tracy , Chassler Deborah , Sprague Martinez Linda , Lunze Karsten
Published: November 2023

Background:

Community advisory boards (CABs) are an established approach to ensuring research reflects community priorities. This paper examines two CABs that are part of the HEALing Communities Study which aims to reduce overdose mortality. This analysis aimed to understand CAB members’ expectations, experiences, and perspectives on CAB structure, communication, facilitation, and effectiveness during the first year of an almost fully remote CAB implementation. Current literature exploring these perspectives is limited.

Methods:

We collected qualitative and survey data simultaneously from members (n = 53) of two sites’ CABs in the first 9 months of CAB development. The survey assessed trust, communication, and relations; we also conducted 32 semi-structured interviews. We analyzed the survey results descriptively. The qualitative data were analyzed using a deductive codebook based on the RE-AIM PRISM framework. Themes were drawn from the combined qualitative data and triangulated with survey results to further enrich the findings.

Results:

CAB members expressed strong commitment to overall study goals and valued the representation of occupational sectors. The qualitative data described a dissonance between CAB members’ commitment to the mission and unmet expectations for influencing the study within an advisory role. Survey results indicated lower satisfaction with the research teams’ ability to create a mutually beneficial process, clear communication, and sharing of power.

Conclusion:

Building a CAB on a remote platform, within a study utilizing a community engagement strategy, still presents challenges to fully realizing the potential of a CAB. These findings can inform more effective operationalizing of community-engaged research through enhanced CAB engagement.
Wall-bounded periodic snap-through and contact of a buckled sheet
Authors: Mahravan Ehsan , Lahooti Mohsen , Kim Daegyoum
Published: November 2023

Fluid flow passing a post-buckled sheet placed between two close confining walls induces periodic snap-through oscillations and contacts that can be employed for triboelectric energy harvesting. The responses of a two-dimensional sheet to a uniform flow and wall confinement in both equilibrium and post-equilibrium states are numerically investigated by varying the distance between the two ends of the sheet, gap distance between the confining walls and flow velocity. Cases with strong interactions between the sheet and walls are of most interest for examining how contact with the walls affects the dynamics of the sheet and flow structure. At equilibrium, contact with the wall displaces the sheet to form a nadir on its front part, yielding a lower critical flow velocity for the transition to snap-through oscillations. However, reducing the gap distance between the walls below a certain threshold distinctly shifts the shape of the sheet, alters the pressure distribution and eventually leads to a notable delay in the instability. The contact between the oscillating sheet and the walls at post-equilibrium is divided into several distinct modes, changing from sliding/rolling contact to bouncing contact with increasing flow velocity. During this transition, the time-averaged contact force exerted on the sheet decreases with the flow velocity. The vortices generated at the extrema of the oscillating sheet are annihilated by direct contact with the walls and merging with the shear layers formed by the walls, resulting in a wake structure dominated by the unstable shear layers.
Bulla Regia II: Excavations in the Christian cemetery
Authors: Fenwick Corisande , Chaouali Moheddine , Alexander Michelle , Booms Dirk , Cox Samantha L. , Di Muro Alice , Höpken Constanze , Hopkinson Guy , Möller Heike , Nikita Efthymia , Radini Anita , Ray Nicholas
Published: November 2023

This paper reports the preliminary results from three seasons of excavations in the Christian cemetery by the Tunisian-British Bulla Regia Archaeological Project. In 2017–2019, excavations in, and around, the Late Antique church in the western cemetery uncovered a complex funerary landscape with a variety of different tomb types, including mosaic caisson tombs, simple masonry tombs, amphora tombs, and earthen graves and multiple funerary mensae. The mosaics, inscriptions and finds (ceramics, glass, coins) studied in 2022 support a fourth to seventh century date for the main period of use of the cemetery.
Association of cortical gyrification, white matter microstructure, and phenotypic profile in medication-naïve obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Li Jianyu , Cheng Jian , Yang Lei , Niu Qihui , Zhang Yuanchao , Palaniyappan Lena
Published: November 2023

Background

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is thought to arise from dysconnectivity among interlinked brain regions resulting in a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Cortical gyrification, a key morphological feature of human cerebral cortex, has been considered associated with developmental connectivity in early life. Monitoring cortical gyrification alterations may provide new insights into the developmental pathogenesis of OCD.

Methods

Sixty-two medication-naive patients with OCD and 59 healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. Local gyrification index (LGI) was extracted from T1-weighted MRI data to identify the gyrification changes in OCD. Total distortion (splay, bend, or twist of fibers) was calculated using diffusion-weighted MRI data to examine the changes in white matter microstructure in patients with OCD.

Results

Compared with HCs, patients with OCD showed significantly increased LGI in bilateral medial frontal gyrus and the right precuneus, where the mean LGI was positively correlated with anxiety score. Patients with OCD also showed significantly decreased total distortion in the body, genu, and splenium of the corpus callosum (CC), where the average distortion was negatively correlated with anxiety scores. Intriguingly, the mean LGI of the affected cortical regions was significantly correlated with the mean distortion of the affected white matter tracts in patients with OCD.

Conclusions

We demonstrated associations among increased LGI, aberrant white matter geometry, and higher anxiety in patients with OCD. Our findings indicate that developmental dysconnectivity-driven alterations in cortical folding are one of the neural substrates underlying the clinical manifestations of OCD.
Neural effects differ for learning highly iconic versus non-iconic signs in hearing adults
Authors: Akers Emily M. , Midgley Katherine J. , Holcomb Phillip J. , Meade Gabriela , Emmorey Karen
Published: November 2023

Little is known about the neural changes that accompany sign language learning by hearing adults. We used ERPs and a word-sign matching task to assess how learning impacted the N400 priming effect (reduced negativity for translations compared to unrelated trials). English monolinguals (N = 32) learned 100 ASL signs – half highly iconic (meaning was guessable), half non-iconic. In contrast to non-iconic signs, little learning was needed for the highly iconic signs as translation accuracy was similar pre- and post-learning. Prior to learning, an N400 priming effect was observed only for iconic signs. After learning, the size of the priming effect increased for non-iconic signs (replicating word learning studies) but decreased for iconic signs. For deaf ASL signers (N = 20), iconicity did not modulate the size of the N400 priming effect. We conclude that the impact of iconicity on lexico-semantic processing is reduced following learning, as signs are integrated into an emerging visual-manual lexicon.
Drug resistance and vaccine target surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum using nanopore sequencing in Ghana
Authors: Girgis Sophia T. , Adika Edem , Nenyewodey Felix E. , Senoo Jnr Dodzi K. , Ngoi Joyce M. , Bandoh Kukua , Lorenz Oliver , van de Steeg Guus , Harrott Alexandria J. R. , Nsoh Sebastian , Judge Kim , Pearson Richard D. , Almagro-Garcia Jacob , Saiid Samirah , Atampah Solomon , Amoako Enock K. , Morang’a Collins M. , Asoala Victor , Adjei Elrmion S. , Burden William , Roberts-Sengier William , Drury Eleanor , Pierce Megan L. , Gonçalves Sónia , Awandare Gordon A. , Kwiatkowski Dominic P. , Amenga-Etego Lucas N. , Hamilton William L.
Published: November 2023

Malaria results in over 600,000 deaths annually, with the highest burden of deaths in young children living in sub-Saharan Africa. Molecular surveillance can provide important information for malaria control policies, including detection of antimalarial drug resistance. However, genome sequencing capacity in malaria-endemic countries is limited. We designed and implemented an end-to-end workflow to detect Plasmodium falciparum antimalarial resistance markers and diversity in the vaccine target circumsporozoite protein (csp) using nanopore sequencing in Ghana. We analysed 196 clinical samples and showed that our method is rapid, robust, accurate and straightforward to implement. Importantly, our method could be applied to dried blood spot samples, which are readily collected in endemic settings. We report that P. falciparum parasites in Ghana are mostly susceptible to chloroquine, with persistent sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance and no evidence of artemisinin resistance. Multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in csp, but their significance is uncertain. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of nanopore sequencing for malaria genomic surveillance in endemic countries.
Proteomic association with age-dependent sex differences in Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in healthy Thai subjects
Authors: Chen Chen , Khanthiyong Bupachad , Thaweetee-Sukjai Benjamard , Charoenlappanit Sawanya , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Thanoi Samur , Reynolds Gavin P. , Nudmamud-Thanoi Sutisa
Published: November 2023

Sex differences in cognitive function exist, but they are not stable and undergo dynamic change during the lifespan. However, our understanding of how sex-related neural information transmission evolves with age is still in its infancy. This study utilized the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the label-free proteomics method with bioinformatic analysis to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying age-related sex differences in cognitive performance in 199 healthy Thai subjects (aged 20–70 years), as well as explore the sex-dependent protein complexes for predicting cognitive aging. The results showed that males outperformed females in two of the five WCST sub-scores: %Corrects and %Errors. Sex differences in these scores were related to aging, becoming noticeable in those over 60. At the molecular level, differently expressed individual proteins and protein complexes between both sexes are associated with the potential N-methyl-D-aspartate type glutamate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated excitotoxicity, with the NMDAR complex being enriched exclusively in elderly female samples. These findings provided a preliminary indication that healthy Thai females might be more susceptible to such neurotoxicity, as evidenced by their cognitive performance. NMDAR protein complex enrichment in serum could be proposed as a potential indication for predicting cognitive aging in healthy Thai females.
Interpretable unsupervised learning enables accurate clustering with high-throughput imaging flow cytometry
Authors: Zhang Zunming , Chen Xinyu , Tang Rui , Zhu Yuxuan , Guo Han , Qu Yunjia , Xie Pengtao , Lian Ian Y. , Wang Yingxiao , Lo Yu-Hwa
Published: November 2023

A primary challenge of high-throughput imaging flow cytometry (IFC) is to analyze the vast amount of imaging data, especially in applications where ground truth labels are unavailable or hard to obtain. We present an unsupervised deep embedding algorithm, the Deep Convolutional Autoencoder-based Clustering (DCAEC) model, to cluster label-free IFC images without any prior knowledge of input labels. The DCAEC model first encodes the input images into the latent representations and then clusters based on the latent representations. Using the DCAEC model, we achieve a balanced accuracy of 91.9% for human white blood cell (WBC) clustering and 97.9% for WBC/leukemia clustering using the 3D IFC images and 3D DCAEC model. Above all, although no human recognizable features can separate the clusters of cells with protein localization, we demonstrate the fused DCAEC model can achieve a cluster balanced accuracy of 85.3% from the label-free 2D transmission and 3D side scattering images. To reveal how the neural network recognizes features beyond human ability, we use the gradient-weighted class activation mapping method to discover the cluster-specific visual patterns automatically. Evaluation results show that the automatically identified salient image regions have strong cluster-specific visual patterns for different clusters, which we believe is a stride for the interpretable neural network for cell analysis with high-throughput IFCs.
Government digital policy breaks the mystery of “limited participation” in China's home finance market
Authors: Xing Lu , Han DongHao , Xie Hui
Published: November 2023

This study uses a two-step approach to construct a multi-period double-difference model and introduces a quasi-natural experiment of the Broadband China pilot policy to investigate whether household financial market participation at the urban level is affected by the digital economy, which is significant for promoting Chinese households' shift from savings to investment and alleviating the long-standing problem of insufficient household financial market participation in China. In terms of direct impact, the digital economy increases the household financial market participation rate of urban residents by 3.26%, and increases the financial market participation rate of highly financially literate households by 2.14%; in terms of indirect impact, the development of the digital economy increases the total number of household smart Internet devices by 8.27%, and similarly increases the attention to household financial information by a significant 4.22%, which further positively influences the household financial market participation rate. This paper also evaluates the individual and regional differences of the digital economy on household financial market participation, and the estimated causal effect of the digital economy on household financial market participation is purer, which expands the scope of research on the digital economy and household financial market participation, and provides a certain reference basis and policy inspiration for the government to promote the construction of the digital economy.
Resolve integer ambiguity based on the global deep grid-based algorithms
Authors: Zhi Gang , Shi Junpeng
Published: November 2023

Grid theory is rather commonly-used through out the research of integer ambiguity. In order to promote the efficiency of computation, it is of great necessity to reduce the correlations of the grid basis through the reduction. The classical reduction algorithm is known as the LLL (Lenstra–Lenstra–Lovász) algorithm. So as to further enhance the reduction effect, the deep-insertion LLL algorithm can be utilized as an alternative to the basis vector exchange algorithm. In practice, the deep-insertion LLL algorithm can achieve a better reduction effect, but it requires more time for reduction. The PotLLL algorithm replaces the basis vector exchange condition of deep-insertion LLL with an improving in the basis quality, and it can run in polynomial time, but with certain limitations. Therefore, this article proposes a global deep-insertion PLLL algorithm (GS-PLLL) to address the issue of integer ambiguity. GS-PLLL adopts a global strategy for deep-insertion processing, and introduces a rotation sorting method for preconditioning the grid basis. Comparative evaluations were conducted using simulation experiments and real-world measurements on the LLL, DeepLLL, PotLLL, and GS-PLLL algorithms. The experimental results indicate that the GS-PLLL algorithm achieves a better reduction effect than the PotLLL algorithm while improving the efficiency of reduction.
Pt(PPh3)4 and Pt(PPh3)4@IL catalyzed hydroboration of ketones
Authors: Krupa Barbara , Szyling Jakub , Walkowiak Jędrzej
Published: November 2023

An efficient method for the reduction of various ketones via [Pt(PPh3)4]-catalyzed hydroboration with HBpin has been successfully developed for the first time. The protocol is suitable for symmetrical and unsymmetrical derivatives possessing electron donating or withdrawing functional groups. O-borylated products were easily converted to 2° alcohols via hydrolysis with high isolated yields. According to the low-temperature NMR spectroscopy, a reaction mechanism was proposed. Additionally, effective immobilization of the catalyst in the ionic liquid [BMIM][NTf2] was applied to increase the productivity of the process by carrying out reactions under the repetitive batch mode, obtaining higher TON values and limiting the amount of expensive Pt used. The catalyst stability and almost neglectable leaching were confirmed by ICP-MS analysis of the extracted mixture. A simple separation method via extraction with n-heptane, efficient catalyst immobilization, and the commercial availability of the Pt complex, make this protocol an attractive method for the hydroboration of ketones
Research on the control strategy of DC microgrids with distributed energy storage
Authors: Li Qiang , Zhao Feng , Zhuang Li , Wang Qiulin , Wu Chenzhou
Published: November 2023

As a supplement to large power grids, DC microgrids with new energy access are increasingly widely used. However, with the increasing proportion of new energy in DC microgrids, its output fluctuations directly affect the overall stability of the microgrids. Distributed energy storage can smooth the output fluctuation of distributed new energy. In this paper, an AC-DC hybrid micro-grid operation topology with distributed new energy and distributed energy storage system access is designed, and on this basis, a coordinated control strategy of a micro-grid system based on distributed energy storage is proposed. To maintain the voltage stability of the DC bus and make each station have the power-sharing ability, the AC/DC flexibly interconnected converter should adopt two control strategies. The power can flow bidirectional in the power scheduling and distribution of the energy storage station; At the same time, different power distribution schemes will generate different scheduling costs. To optimize the operation of energy storage power stations, an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is adopted in this paper to optimize the scheduling task allocation scheme. The optimization objective is the lowest scheduling cost, to realize the optimal scheduling of energy storage power stations. In this paper, based on a Matlab/Simulink environment, a microgrid system based on an AC-DC hybrid bus is built. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed microgrid coordinated control strategy.
The effects of safinamide according to gender in Chinese parkinsonian patients
Authors: Pellecchia M. T. , Picillo M. , Russillo M. C. , Andreozzi V. , Oliveros C. , Cattaneo C.
Published: November 2023

The incidence and prevalence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is expected to raise dramatically over the next decades. Gender-related differences are not yet widely recognized, particularly regarding the response to dopaminergic medications. To analyse gender differences in the clinical effects of safinamide, compared to placebo, in Chinese PD patients of the pivotal XINDI trial. The XINDI study was a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Patients were followed for 16 weeks receiving safinamide or placebo as add-on to levodopa. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in the mean total daily OFF time. Secondary efficacy endpoints included total daily ON time, ON time with no/non-troublesome dyskinesia, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale and Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 items. A post-hoc analysis was performed to describe the efficacy of safinamide in both genders on motor symptoms, motor fluctuations and quality of life. 128 (42%) out of 305 patients enrolled were women and 177 (58%) men. Our additional analyses of the XINDI study have shown that safinamide, compared to placebo, was associated with improvements in motor symptoms, motor fluctuations and quality of life in both genders, with some differences in the response that did not reach statistical significance, possibly due to sample size limitation and post-hoc design of the study. The changes from baseline at week 16 were > 50% higher in the females compared to males for the total daily OFF time (− 1.149 h vs − 0.764 h in males), the total daily ON time (1.283 h vs 0.441 h in males), the UPDRS total score (− 8.300 points vs − 5.253 points in males) and the UPDRS part II score (− 2.574 points vs − 1.016 points in males). The changes from baseline at week 16 were higher in the females compared to males in the “ADL” domain (− 6.965 points vs − 5.772 points in males), the “Emotional well-being” domain (− 6.243 points vs − 4.203 in males), the “Stigma” domain (− 6.185 points vs − 4.913 points in males) and the “Bodily discomfort” domain (− 5.196 points vs 1.099 points in males), while were higher in males in the “Mobility” score (− 6.523 points vs − 4.961 points in females) and the “Communication” score (− 3.863 points vs − 1.564 points in females). Safinamide was shown to improve PD symptoms and quality of life in both male and female Chinese patients. Possible differences in the response between genders need to be further studied in larger and different ethnic populations.
Manganese–cobalt geomimetic materials for supercapacitor electrode
Authors: Tailliez Tiphaine , Olchowka Jacob , Weill François , Buffière Sonia , Dourges Marie-Anne , Flahaut Delphine , Guerlou-Demourgues Liliane
Published: November 2023

A manganese–cobalt asbolane material synthesized by low-temperature cationic exchange reaction has been comprehensively characterized and tested for the first time as a positive electrode material for to asymmetric aqueous supercapacitors.
Use of remote sensing to assess vegetative stress as a proxy for soil contamination
Authors: Dean John R. , Ahmed Shara , Cheung William , Salaudeen Ibrahim , Reynolds Matthew , Bowerbank Samantha L. , Nicholson Catherine E. , Perry Justin J.
Published: November 2023

We demonstrate the potential of deploying a UAV with MSI camera to contribute useful diagnostics on potential sub-surface contamination from an operational oil reprocessing site and report the impact on the environment after 50 years of operation.
A specific amino-based fluorescent probe for mercury ion detection in water samples, cells, and zebrafish
Authors: Yu Miaohui , Fu Tingting , Li Wenzhai , Zhang Yan , Wen Huayan , Zheng Min , Shi Moran , Liu Caiyun , Jin Meng , Liu Kechun , Cai Lei , Zhu Baocun , Sheng Wenlong
Published: November 2023

A specific amino-based fluorescent probe was synthesized to detect Hg2+ in living cells and zebrafish.
Preparation of pyridopyrazines through tandem Pd-catalyzed C–N/C–C coupling reactions of Ugi adducts
Authors: Takallou Ahmad , Al-Siyabi Munir , Al-Shidhani Sulaiman , Lotfi Nosood Yazdanbakhsh , Habibi Azizollah , Almaani Alhajaj , Anwar Muhammad U. , Al-Harrasi Ahmed
Published: November 2023

Palladium-catalyzed chemo-selective tandem C–N/C–C coupling reactions to prepare pyridopyrazines from Ugi adducts.
Biomedical processes and its impact on the formation of women’s reproductive rights in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Zhusupov Bolotbek Asanovich , Tursunbayeva Cholpon Manasovna , Sulaimanova Baktygul Kubanychbekovna
Published: November 2023

The advancements of contemporary science and technology, particularly within the realm of medicine, find extensive application across various facets of societal engagement. These circumstances, in turn, give rise to the establishment of novel domains within public relations, thereby shaping their legal framework. Questions of human rights and freedoms occupy the core of legal science. Simultaneously, the intricacies of public relations within this domain have given rise to the development of new branches of law, with the process of their distinct delineation being articulated in several scholarly works. The domain of women’s reproductive rights, relatively nascent and necessitating thorough examination, has engendered one of the most urgent challenges of our era. In recent decades, the exploration of women’s reproductive rights has extended beyond the purview of medical science to encompass the realm of legal scholarship. Hence, a comprehensive exploration of reproductive rights facilitates the enhancement of legal governance within this domain. The article delves into an analysis of the reproductive rights of women, focusing on their incorporation into the national legislative framework of Kyrgyzstan. An endeavor is undertaken to scrutinize the conceptual framework of women’s reproductive rights within the context of legal scholarship. A comparative assessment of the incorporation of conceptual elements within national legal statutes is conducted. Women’s reproductive rights are examined within the broader context of human rights and freedoms, elucidating certain shared aspects and distinctive characteristics.
Clinical and anamnestic characteristics of children with chronic gastroduodenal pathology
Authors: Shukhrat Uralov , Kobilov E. E. , Batirov H. F. , Tukhtaev M. K. , Agzamov V. B.
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study was to study the clinical and anamnestic characteristics of children suffering from gastroduodenal pathology for a long time, for which 116 children aged 7 to 14 years who were on inpatient treatment in the children's department of the clinical Hospital No. 2 of the Samarkand Medical University were examined during the last 10 years. 34 patients with chronic gastritis were examined, 63 with chronic gastroduodenitis and 19 with duodenal ulcer. In the work, special attention was paid to the age-sex composition, seasonality of the disease, genealogical analysis of pedigrees, clinical manifestations of diseases (pain syndrome, dyspeptic disorders and symptoms of general intoxication), as well as to the results of laboratory and instrumental research methods that can serve for differential diagnosis of chronic diseases of the gastroduodenal zone in children.
Uric acid as a marker of milk microbiological spoilage
Authors: Khamzina Ekaterina , Bukharinova Maria , Stozhko Natalia
Published: November 2023

Uric acid is an important component of milk, which has antioxidant properties and protects it from rapid microbiological spoilage. The article studies the change in uric acid content during unwanted spoilage of pasteurized and unpasteurized milk using a developed voltammetric sensor based on a carbon veil. The sensor allows to estimate the content of uric acid in a wide range of concentrations without the influence of the complex matrix of the test sample on the determination result. It has been established that the uric acid content in pasteurized milk is several times less than in unpasteurized milk. With microbiological spoilage of milk, the uric acid content decreases by 40–100 %, which makes it possible to use this biologically active compound as a marker of milk spoilage. The developed sensor provides high reproducibility (Sr≤4.6 %) and accuracy of results, as evidenced by the recovery close to 100 %. The sensor can be used to control the quality and safety of milk used in technological processes for the production of dairy products.
Modern Approaches to the Implementation and Use of Lean Production Models
Authors: Popov Alexey
Published: November 2023

In an environment of rapid change, efficient production and resource management are becoming a fundamental necessity to ensure sustainable development of enterprises. In this regard, economic entities are increasingly turning to models of rational production. This article substantiates the relevance of using these models and provides an analytical review of modern approaches to their implementation and use. The article examines the key principles, advantages and disadvantages of the main models, including JIT, TQM, Six Sigma, ERP, and others. The strengths and limitations of each model are emphasized. The article highlights the advantages of the models, in particular, increase in efficiency, reduction of costs, improved product quality. The article also examines the disadvantages, which include the complexity of implementation and the need for cultural change. The article discusses a number of key problems associated with the implementation of lean production models, which include insufficient training of personnel and difficulties in adapting to changing market conditions. At the same time, the article points to prospects in the use of modern technologies, such as digitalization and automation, to improve production processes. It is concluded that the use of rational production models is promising. It will improve performance, reduce costs, improve social and environmental effects and ensure sustainable growth not only of the enterprises themselves, but also of industries and the economy as a whole.
Carbon farming as a new climate change management tool in Russia
Authors: Eskiev Muslim , Akhmieva Roza , Jandarova Luiza
Published: November 2023

Carbon farming, often referred to as carbon sequestration or carbon agriculture, is gaining recognition as a powerful climate change management tool worldwide. It involves agricultural and land management practices that enhance carbon storage in soils and vegetation, ultimately reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. Russia, with its vast land resources and role as a major contributor to global carbon emissions, has a unique opportunity to harness the potential of carbon farming as a proactive response to climate change. The urgency of addressing climate change is undeniable, as its far-reaching consequences have become increasingly evident. Rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and disruptions in ecosystems necessitate immediate action. Carbon farming is a promising approach that not only mitigates greenhouse gas emissions but also offers several environmental, economic, and social benefits. This introduction provides an overview of the concept of carbon farming and its relevance in the context of Russia’s climate and land use challenges. By exploring the principles and practices of carbon farming, we can understand its potential to transform the agricultural and land management sectors in Russia while contributing to global efforts to combat climate change. This paper aims to delve into the methods, benefits, and challenges associated with carbon farming in Russia and assess its role as a new and innovative climate change management tool.
Contribution to industrial development using the example of the construction of the Shirokovskaya hydroelectric station during the Great Patriotic War
Authors: Tsutsulaeva Sapiyat
Published: November 2023

This study represents an analysis of a significant contribution to industrial development using the example of the construction of the Shirokovskaya HPP (hydroelectric power station) during the Great Patriotic War. Located on the Irtysh River in Siberia, the Shirokovskaya hydroelectric power station was one of the largest infrastructure projects implemented during the war and had a significant impact on the development of industry and energy in the Soviet Union. To conduct the study, methods of historical analysis, interviews, comparative analysis, statistical data analysis and literature review were used. The purpose of this work is to identify the key stages of the construction and impact of the Shirokovskaya HPP, as well as to analyze the role of this hydroelectric power station in providing electricity to industrial enterprises and military needs during the Great Patriotic War. The study allows us to more deeply understand the importance of infrastructure projects in the context of military conflicts and their impact on the development of national industry and energy.
Principles for protecting the natural diversity of insects at the regional level
Authors: Cherchesova Susanna
Published: November 2023

Insects play a key role in the biodiversity of regional ecosystems. To effectively protect natural diversity at the regional level, it is important to adhere to certain principles. This article discusses the basic principles of protecting the natural diversity of insects at the regional level. These principles include an ecosystem-based approach, conservation of multiple habitats, protection of endemic species, mitigation of human impacts, Red List species assessment, public engagement, biodiversity research, sustainable land use, collaboration and partnerships, and adaptation to changing conditions. Compliance with these principles contributes to the conservation of insect biodiversity and promotes the health of regional ecosystems.
Microbiological aspects of the process of anaerobic decomposition of waste organic matter
Authors: Takaeva Madina
Published: November 2023

The process of anaerobic decomposition of waste organic matter is a complex and crucial aspect of waste management, with profound implications for both environmental and public health concerns. This intricate process involves the activity of diverse microbial communities that play a pivotal role in breaking down and transforming organic materials in the absence of oxygen. Understanding the microbiological aspects of anaerobic decomposition is essential for optimizing waste treatment processes, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and harnessing the potential of biogas production. This introduction provides an overview of the microbial dynamics involved in anaerobic decomposition, shedding light on their pivotal roles and the broader significance of this natural process in managing organic waste sustainably.
Objects of modern biotechnology in food industry and agriculture
Authors: Ibragimova Zalina Mayrbekovna , Amirova Elmira Faylovna , Shvets Olga Mikhailovna
Published: November 2023

This article analyzes the purpose of modern biotechnology in the food industry and agriculture. The concept, characteristics, and role of biotechnology are examined. Trends and main stages of biotechnology production are identified. The purpose and main directions of biotechnology in the food industry and agriculture are presented, its characteristics and benefits are discussed. Promising directions of biotechnology in the food industry and agriculture are described.
The challenge of achieving sustainable consumption
Authors: Chazhaeva Mainat
Published: November 2023

Promoting sustainable consumption and production represents a pivotal dimension of the broader objective of sustainable development, which seeks to attain lasting economic growth that addresses economic, social, and environmental imperatives. Governments operating at various levels, spanning from local to global, possess the capacity to shape sustainable consumption and production by establishing the regulatory frameworks that govern the conduct of businesses and consumers. This regulatory framework may encompass compulsory requirements imposed on producers and the imposition of taxes on goods and services deemed unsustainable. Additionally, governments can deploy educational initiatives and information campaigns aimed at motivating citizens and institutions to adopt sustainable consumption practices. Such efforts serve as effective tools for raising awareness and fostering the adoption of eco-friendly consumption patterns. In conjunction with legal and regulatory measures, the realm of soft law plays an essential role, encompassing best practices, codes of conduct, and business guidelines. Moreover, civil society initiatives with a focus on consumers are indispensable in complementing legislative endeavors. Consequently, the United Nations guidelines for consumer protection advocate for the collaboration of Member States and all relevant stakeholders in the development and deployment of a diverse array of tools designed to promote sustainable consumption and production.
Main drivers and constraints for the development of the biotechnology industry
Authors: Chazhaeva Mainat
Published: November 2023

Biotechnology is an industry that continues to attract the attention of both the scientific community and the business sector, and it plays a key role in various aspects of modern society, including medicine, agriculture and industry. This article examines the key drivers and constraints of the biotechnology industry, examining the factors that drive its growth as well as those that pose challenges and obstacles to its growth. Biotechnology is an innovative field that has been successfully applied in various fields, including medicine, agriculture, food processing and the environment. However, despite its enormous potential, the biotechnology industry faces a number of drivers and constraints that may affect its development.
General industrial and innovative approaches in bioeconomics
Authors: Muskhanova Kheda
Published: November 2023

Biotechnology is defined as any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms or their derivatives to produce or modify products or processes for a specific use. The large-scale use of biotechnologies in industry, agriculture, as well as in many other types of economic activity is considered in many countries of the West (USA, Germany, France, Great Britain, Italy, etc.) and the East (China, India, Indonesia, Japan, etc.) as the most important condition for innovative and sustainable development. The progress achieved made it possible to consider the created biotechnologies as the basis of a new field of activity - bioeconomy.
Enhancing Chemistry Education’s Relevance and Comprehension through Immersive Virtual Reality
Authors: Aliev Rizvan , Asueva Luiza , Yudina Anna
Published: November 2023

The study is focused on evaluating the effectiveness of integrating virtual reality (VR) with the principles of chemistry education (CE) in order to improve students' understanding of chemistry. A mixed method approach, including literature review, empirical research, and analysis of VR sessions, was used to identify the impact of VR on students' conceptual understanding and motivation. The results confirmed that VR integration significantly increases conceptual understanding and student engagement. VR provides interactive and practice-oriented learning, breaking the abstraction of chemical concepts. The approach also highlights the need to rethink traditional pedagogical methods in favor of active, contextualized learning. Emerging issues, including equity of access and job training, require attention to successfully integrate VR into education.
The current state of the biotechnology market and its main development trends
Authors: Chazhaev Muslim
Published: November 2023

In its simplest form, biotechnology is technology based on biology: biotechnology uses cellular and biomolecular processes to develop technologies and products that help improve our lives and the health of our planet. We have been using the biological processes of microorganisms for over 6,000 years to produce healthy foods such as bread and cheese and to preserve dairy products. The basis of biotechnology is the use of biological processes such as fermentation and biocatalysts such as microorganisms or microbial enzymes to produce valuable products. Biotechnology ensures the optimization of the stages of chemical production processes by 80% or more, and increases the efficiency of various production processes. When using biofuels, greenhouse gas emissions are reduced by 52% or more. Biotechnology helps reduce water consumption and waste generation and ensure sustainable use.
Economic efficiency of ecosystems
Authors: Musaev Magomed
Published: November 2023

The digital transformation that we have witnessed in recent years seriously affects all spheres of public life, including economic processes. In the business landscape of the digital economy, new approaches to doing business are being actively formed, aimed more not at competition, but at mutually beneficial cooperation between market players. In order to develop, firms use an ecosystem business model, which is based on the association of a large number of organizations around one strong company in order to comprehensively meet the needs of customers. This is accompanied by a powerful synergistic effect and brings benefits to all participants in its composition. However, since the formation of business ecosystems is a fairly new trend in economic realities, a deep study of a number of issues is required, one of which is the assessment of the effectiveness of their activities.
Financial and economic aspects of the development of mountain regions in the Russian Federation
Authors: Suleymanov Magomed , Somoev Ramazan , Isaev Murad
Published: November 2023

Mountain areas are a common national heritage, containing a significant part of unique natural and recreational resources, as well as a place for storing ethnocultural and historical traditions. Currently, about 15% of the human population lives in mountainous areas. In this regard, the problems of development of mountain areas are system-wide and inherent in all countries of the world. At the present stage, the development of mountain territories is carried out almost entirely through budget financing, and therefore the problem of increasing the optimization of the use of budget resources, as well as the formation of effective mechanisms for attracting private investment funds, are relevant and priority. The methodological approaches developed by the authors for optimizing the system of financing the sustainable development of mountain territories, which are systemic in nature and contain directions for optimizing the interaction of three forms of financing, seem quite timely and relevant. The main results of the study are the development and justification of a mechanism for financial support for the development of sustainable development of mountain territories, which, unlike existing ones, takes into account the specific features of mountain territories, and is also based on the possibility of transforming forms of financing (budgetary, private and mixed).
Human capital in the regional development system
Authors: Dasuev Izruddin
Published: November 2023

All states have to take an urgent look at the development of their own countries and goals. The current state of the world economic system forces all states to reconsider their goals and means of development. As part of a global revision in the fundamentals for functioning economic systems is underway, and the role of social factors as an important component of the system's functioning is begun to be concepted in a completely different way. Belarusian models have always been based on a fundamental understanding of the success of its development through improving a person's personality, improving the quality of human potential, a high degree of social responsibility and stability in society. Since the start of the five-year plan, the country's development has been identified as one of the priorities for an innovative path to development that is based primarily on human factors. The country's transition to an innovative path of development, based primarily on the human factor, has been identified as one of the priorities of the five-year plan that has just begun. It is necessary to improve modern complexes of science, education, healthcare and other sectors of the social sphere. In addition it will require improving systems for the most complete creative realization of human capabilities, as well as motivation systems for the most complete creative realization of human capabilities.
Environmental economics and sustainable development
Authors: Kurbanov Salman , Meshchangina Elena , Stefanova Natalya
Published: November 2023

The advancement of science and technology, coupled with the growing influence of human activities, has exacerbated environmental issues and caused socio-economic tensions in countries worldwide. Problems such as the depletion of natural resources, environmental pollution, and declining public health due to adverse environmental factors demand effective solutions. The deteriorating environmental conditions further complicate the challenge of achieving sustainable regional development. It is increasingly important to consider environmental factors when formulating regional development programs, establishing investment policies, and addressing resource conservation. The interconnection between the economic and environmental domains forms the core of sustainable territorial development. Currently, the "green" economy is promoted as the foundation for this interrelation, aiming to enhance human well-being while simultaneously reducing risks to the natural environment. As such, the research topic remains highly pertinent in addressing these pressing issues.
Impact investing as a tool for achieving the targets for sustainable development of the region
Authors: Dvoryadkina Elena , Kvon Gulnara , Pozdeeva Olga
Published: November 2023

The article focuses on the research of investment opportunities of the region in the context of implementing the sustainable development goals (SDGs). As applied to Russian conditions, achieving the targets of sustainable development requires the use of new innovative investment types as a driver of socio-economic development of the region. The role of such investments is impact investing, the main purpose of which is to overcome poverty, to solve social and environmental problems, to improve the life quality and standard of living, to increase business responsibility, to reduce social tension. Reasoning of the directions and amounts of impact investing in ensuring the SDGs achievement requires a preliminary analysis of the conditions prevailing in the region for their implementation on the basis of a number of indicators. The paper focuses on the social component of impact investing aimed at the development of the social sector of the region in the context of achieving the targets of the three sustainable development goals on the example of a specific region: SDGs 3,4 and 8. The object of research was the Sverdlovsk region, based on the dynamic indicators of which for the period 2012-2021 the rationale for the development of the region to achieve the selected sustainable development goals was carried out. The study concluded that the implementation of impact investing as a tool for achieving the sustainable development goals should be aimed at the development of healthcare, maintaining employment, overcoming gender inequality in the employment structure.
Needs as a target function of social progress
Authors: Hasanova Satsita
Published: November 2023

Any type of activity is based on human needs. One of the most important tasks of the economy of any country is the production of goods, and the purpose of goods, accordingly, is the satisfaction of needs. Although the main goal of any enterprise is to make a profit, to achieve it it needs to sell its product on the market, which, in turn, will satisfy someone else's need. It turns out that the needs of people determine their economic activity, are a unique and primary activator of production, determine the scale of production and, to a certain extent, are the engine of progress in economic terms. The article reveals the essence and content of the topic of human needs; the role of needs in economic development is shown; the relationship between the needs and economic indicators of the state has been identified and analyzed.