bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Analysis of Software Fault Proneness Using Factor Analysis with Regression
Authors: Sharma Deepak , Chandra Pravin
Published: September 2021

During the early stages of the life cycle development process for software, the developer mainly makes use of the fault prediction process for the development of different modules. These modules help in detecting faulty modules and classes. Further, this process also helps in determining the modules which require a high level of refactoring during the maintenance stage. The objective of this research is to classify faults and to explore the usability of Factor Analysis with Regression (FAWR) which drastically ameliorate the system performance. A review of recent studies performed that uses the different fault prediction techniques. To direct this research, two research questions (RQ) are defined, one related to the integration of techniques to enhance the development of fault prediction model, and another is to check the technique to overcome the limitations of old methods. To answer these RQs, FAWR techniques are used for predicting faults. To assess the quality of the technique, two experiments were conducted. Results show that FAWR is the better performing method among the two prediction methods investigated. The results proved that the prediction capability of FAWR technique is significantly better. Factorization method is able to classify a module whether it is fault-prone or not. The constructed models use to estimate the proneness of faults surpass the standard regression models. The system evaluations indicate that the reduction of terms results in the betterment of outcomes. Moreover, the consideration of FAWR is a significant technique for the prediction of faults in software.
The Trade-Off Between Economic Performance and Environmental Quality: Does Financial Inclusion Asymmetrically Matter for Emerging Asian Economies?
Authors: Liu Dong , Xie Yuantao , Hafeez Muhammad , Usman Ahmed
Published: September 2021

This study examines the role of financial inclusion on the environment-economic performance in the top five Asian emerging economies. The data used for empirical investigation covers the time period from 1995 to 2019. Financial inclusion is measured through bank branches, bank credit, and insurance premiums. To check long-run associations, the panel-ARDL approach has been employed for empirical analysis. The empirical evidence confirms the significant associations between financial inclusion-GDP nexus and financial inclusion-CO2 nexus. The findings show that bank branches and bank credit have a significantly positive impact on economic growth and CO2 emissions in the long-run. However, insurance premium has no impact on economic growth but it exerts a significant negative impact on carbon emissions in the long-run. Furthermore, energy consumption is highly sensitive to economic growth and carbon emissions. The study delivers imperative points for pollution eradication and attaining sustained economic growth. There is a need for government-level efforts to align the targets of financial inclusion with economic growth and environmental policies.
Quercetin Protects RIMVECs From Inflammatory Damage, Pyroptosis and Cell Migration by Inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 Pathway
Authors: Zhang Huixin , Li Yeye , Liu Zhongjie
Published: September 2021

Background: Intestinal mucosal microvascular endothelial cells (MEC) have multiple functions and play an important role in intestinal bowel diseases (IBD). Quercetin is a flavonoid found in many plants and fruits. It was reported that quercetin can treat several gastrointestinal cancers, but its effect on bacterial enteritis and pyroptosis-related diseases has been rarely studied. This article aims to explore the effect and mechanism of quercetin on inflammatory injury and pyroptosis of RIMVECs.Methods: The inflammatory damage and pyroptosis in RIMVECs were induced by LPS and ATP. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blot analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence methods were used to detect TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathways, inflammatory factors (IL-1β and IL-18) and pyroptosis-related proteins (Caspase-1 and GSDMD). The expression and distribution of ZO-1 were detected by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence method. The late apoptosis and necrosis of cells were measured by cell flow cytometry. Results: The results showed that different concentrations (5, 10, 20μM) of quercetin not only significantly reduced the protein and mRNA levels of TLR4, NLRP3, Caspase-1 and GSDMD, but also down-regulated the protein expression, mRNA and secretion of IL-1β and IL-18. Quercetin also inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and the degradation of IκB. At the same time, quercetin increased the cell migration rate and the expression level of ZO-1, and reduced the number of late apoptotic cells (P<0.05). Conclusions: Our data indicated that Quercetin reduced the inflammatory response and pyroptosis induced by LPS/ATP through the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway, and protected the migration and tight junctions of RIMVECs.
Human Papillomavirus E6E7 mRNA and TERC lncRNA in Situ Detection in Cervical Scraped Cells and Cervical Disease Progression Assessment
Authors: Zhao Hui , He Yue , Fan Bei , Wang Yan , Wu Yu-Mei
Published: September 2021

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus screen in female cervical cells has demonstrated values in clinical diagnosis of precancerous lesions and cervical cancers. Human papillomavirus tests of cervical cells by utilizing Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method provides human papillomavirus infection status however no further virus in situ information. Although it is well known that the tests of human papillomavirus E6/E7 RNA location in infected cervical cells and cell internal malignancy molecular will provide clues for gynecologists to evaluate disease progression, there are technique difficulties to preserve RNAs in cervical scraped cells for in situ hybridization. MethodsIn current study, after developing a cervical cell collection and preparation methods for RNA in situ hybridization, we captured the chance to screen 98 patient cervical cell samples and detected human papillomavirus E6/E7 mRNAs of high-risk subtypes, low-risk subtypes and lncRNA TERC in the cells. ResultsThere are 70% consistence between human papillomavirus PCR and human papillomavirus RNA in situ hybridization results in cervical collected cells. Viral E6/E7 mRNAs were observed to distribute in cervical cell nuclear and cytoplasm. Moreover, viral gathered clusters were observed outside of cells through human papillomavirus RNA in situ hybridization. Varied numbers of human papillomavirus infective cells were detected by RNAscope assay in different patients even though they are all human papillomavirus high-risk subtype positive discovered by human papillomavirus PCR results. A cell malignancy related long non-coding RNA, TERC, has been detected in seven patient samples. The patient follow-up information was further analyzed with RNAscope results which indicated a combination of RNAscope positive signals of TERC and human papillomavirus high risk signals in more than 10 cells (cytoplasm or nucleus) may connect with cervical lesion fast progression which deserves further studies in the future.ConclusionsTaken together, current study has provided an observable clue for gynecologists to evaluate human papillomavirus infection stage and cell malignancy status which may contribute for assessment of cervical disease progression.
Rice “Instant Inoculation” With Endophytic Fungus Causes Excessive Immune Response To Fusarium Proliferatum And Plant cell Death
Authors: Dai Chuan-Chao , Zhu Qiang , Chen Man , Lu Fan , Sun Kai , Tang Meng-Jun , Zhang Wei , Bu Yuan-Qing
Published: September 2021

Aims: This article explored the effects and possible mechanism of different inoculation patterns of endophytic fungi Phomopsis liquidambaris B3 on the plant immune response and defense results to pathogen Fusarium. proliferatum.Methods: Rice seedlings pre-inoculated, instant-inoculated and non-inoculated with B3 were infected with F. proliferatum and grown in controllable conditions. The disease severity, F. proliferatum infection and plant growth were evaluated, and the activity of defensive enzymes, defense-related substances, reactive oxygen content, and defense hormone SA content were determined. Chemical treatment experiments and plant cell staining to verify plant cell death.Results: Pre-inoculation of endophytic fungus Ph. liquidambaris B3 may triggered the SA-dependent defense pathways of plants, increased defense-related enzyme activities and up-regulated the expression of defense genes, and thus decreased F. proliferatum colonization. However, instant-inoculation Ph. liquidambaris B3 inhibited its own root colonization, caused excessive burst of ROS and leaves cell death. Conclusion: For a specific plant pathogen, the instant-inoculation Ph. liquidambaris B3 when F. proliferatum infected leads to excessive burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and plant cell death. We recommend pre-inoculation of biological control agent and other prevention and control measures before pathogen infection to achieve the best control effect rather than instant control method applicated in the agricultural crop management.
Seasonal Expression of Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinases in the Colon of Wild Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus Dauricus)
Authors: Song Yue , Yang Xiaoying , Zhang Xueying , Zhu Jueyu , Chen Yixin , Gao Fuli , Zhang Haolin , Han Yingying , Weng Qiang , Yuan Zhengrong
Published: September 2021

Background: The aim of this study was to explore the localization and expression of extracellular signal regulated kinase/phospho-extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERK/pERK) in the colonic tissue of wild ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus) in the breeding season and the non-breeding season. Methods and Results: Hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot were used in this study. The histological results showed that the diameter of the colon lumen in the non-breeding season was larger than that in the breeding season, and the number of glandular cells in the non-breeding season was also more than those in the breeding season. The immunochemical results showed that ERK1/2 was expressed in the cytoplasm of goblet cells and intestinal epithelial cells, while pERK1/2 was expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of goblet cells and intestinal epithelial cells. The immunolocalization of ERK1/2 and pERK1/2 expression were more obvious in the non-breeding season, especially in intestinal epithelial cells. The results of real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot showed that the expression of ERK1/2 and pERK1/2 in the breeding season was significantly lower than that in the non-breeding season.Conclusions: The expression of ERK1/2 and pERK1/2 in the colons of the wild ground squirrels had seasonal changes, which had significant increases in the non-breeding season comparing to those in the breeding season. This study revealed the potential role of ERK1/2 in colon to the adaptation of seasonal changes in wild ground squirrel.
Effects of Unsuppressed Endogenous Insulin On Pharmacokinetics And/Or Pharmacodynamics of Study Insulin In The Healthy: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Hui , Yu Hongling , Sun Lisi , Qiao Jingtao , Li Jiaqi , Tan Huiwen , Yu Yerong
Published: September 2021

Background: C-peptide, a marker of endogenous insulin, should be consistently inhibited during euglycemic clamping, while an elevated postdosing C-peptide (CPpostdosing) is not an occasional phenomenon. This study aimed to describe the effects of insufficient suppression of endogenous insulin on estimates of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of subcutaneously injected insulin. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study that included 33 males who underwent a manual euglycemic clamp with a subcutaneous injection of insulin aspart (IAsp). Time-profiles of whole blood glucose, human insulin, glucose infusion rate (GIR), and C-peptide were recorded. The subjects were divided into two groups at a ratio of 2:1: group A [(CPpostdosing)max＞CPbaseline], group B [(CPpostdosing)max≤CPbaseline]. The endogenous insulin was approximately equal to the measured value of human insulin or calculated from the C-peptide. Results: The basal glucose, CPbaseline, basal human insulin, HOMA-IR, IAsp dose, and demographic statistics were all comparable between the two groups except the ‘clamped’ glucose. The ‘clamped’ glucose was 99.7±7.1% (group A) and 94.9±5.1% (group B) of baseline. After correction for ‘clamped’ glucose, AUCGIR,0-8h was higher in group A (P＜0.05) under comparable IAsp exposure. AUCendogenous insulin,0-8h calculated from C-peptide was different from that measured from human insulin in group A (P＜0.05), whereas no significant difference between these measures was observed in group B. Conclusions: Blood glucose should be controlled below baseline to ensure the inhibition of endogenous insulin. Unsuppressed endogenous insulin may contribute to observed GIR, and the endogenous-insulin-corrected pharmacokinetics estimated by C-peptide may be inaccurate with insufficient endogenous insulin suppression.
Sports Injuries Patterns In Children And Adolescents According To Their Sports Participation Level, Age And Maturation
Authors: Silva Lara Costa e , Teles Júlia , Fragoso¹ Isabel
Published: September 2021

Background: Growth can make young athletes more vulnerable to sports injuries. Increased knowledge about injury profile and its predictors, is an important part of an overall risk management strategy but few studies have produced information. Methods: Injury profile and physical activity (PA) level information’s were obtained by LESADO and RAPIL II questionnaires. They were distributed to 651 participants aged between 10 and 18 years attending four schools. Maturity measures were evaluated through maturity offset (MO) and Tanner-Whitehouse III method. Univariate analysis was used to identify the set of candidate predictors for multinomial logistic regression analysis that was used to determine significant predictors of injury type and body area injury location.Results: Regarding injury type predictors recreative boys had more chances of having a sprain or a fracture than a strain. Also, recreative and scholar girls had more chances of having a sprain than a strain. As MO decreased, the chances of girls having a strain or a fracture when compared to sprains were higher. For body area location boys with 10-11 years were more likely to have upper limbs injuries than boys of other ages. This was also confirmed by MO. Spine and trunk injuries were more likely to occur in federate and no sports participation girls. Conclusion: Injury type and body area injury location differed significantly by PA level, age group and MO.
Performance And Exhaust Emission Characteristics Investigation of Compression Ignition Engine Fuelled With Microalgae Biodiesel And Its Diesel Blends
Authors: Kale Bhojraj , Patle Sewan Das , Khawale Vijay , Lutade Sandeep
Published: September 2021

Biofuels extracted from plant biomass can be used as fuel in CI engines to lower a hazardous atmospheric pollutant and mitigate climate risks. Furthermore, its implementation is hampered by inevitable obstacles such as feed stocks and the crop area required for their cultivation, leading to a lack of agricultural land for the expansion of food yields. Despite this, microalgae have been discovered to be the most competent and unwavering source of biodiesel due to their distinguishing characteristics of being non-eatable and requiring no cropland for cultivation. The objectives of this paper was to look into the potential of a novel, formerly underappreciated biodiesel from microalgae species which could be used as a fuel substitute. Transesterification is being used to extract the biodiesel. Microalgae are blended with petroleum diesel in percentage to create Microalgae Blends (MAB) as needed for experimentation. The impact of biodiesel on performance as well as exhaust emission attributes of a 1-cylinder diesel engine was experimentally studied. Compared to petroleum diesel, different blend of Microalgae biodiesel showed a decline in torque and hence brake power, resulting in an average fall of 7.14 percent in brake thermal efficiency and 11.54 percent increase in brake specific fuel consumption. There were wide differences in exhaust emission characteristics, including carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon, as the blend ratio in diesel increased. Moreover, nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxides increase in all algae biodiesel blends, but they're still within the acceptable range of petroleum diesel.
MicroRNA-140-5p Suppresses The PD-L1 Level In Exosomes Derived From Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells, Thereby Attenuating The Chemoresistance, Autophagy And Stemness Induced By Sorafenib In Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Ligang , Wang Lishan , Yang Yang , Hu Fangfang , Yu Zeqian , Zhou Jiahua
Published: September 2021

Background: Sorafenib (SO), inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinase, possesses anti-tumor ability in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by anti-angiogenic effects. However, patients with advanced HCC are resistant to SO. Dysregulated micro-RNA (miRNA) has been shown to be associated with the drug resistance of tumors. Little is known about the effect of miRNA-140-5p on SO-resistance of HCC.Methods: The human HCC cell line Hep3B and Huh-7 were used in this study. The miRNA microarray was used to sequence the transcripts of SO-chemoresistance HCC tissues and SO-chemosensitive tissues. Then, the HCC tissue chip in the GEO database was also analyzed to screen the target gene. Flow cytometry, in situ hybridisation (ISH), immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blot, cell proliferation assay, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), real-time PCR analyses (qRT-PCR), and pull-down assay were used to explore the effects of miRNA-140-5p and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) on the chemoresistance, autophagy, and stemness of SO-resistant HCC cells treated with SO. In vivo, the SO-resistant HCC cell lines treated with miRNA-140-5p overexpression were injected subcutaneously into mice to construct HCC subcutaneous xenograft tumor models.Results: Based on miRNA microarray, GEO database, and bioinformatics analysis, it was found that miRNA-140-5p and PD-L1 are the core molecules in the SO resistance regulatory network in HCC, and lower miRNA-140-5p and higher PD-L1 expression levels were observed in SO-resistant HCC tissues and cells. IHC results showed that compared with HCC tissues with high miRNA-140-5p expression, PD-L1 protein expression levels in HCC tissues with low miRNA-140-5p was significantly higher (P<0.01). Moreover, compared with SO-sensitive tissues, the levels of PD-L1 protein expression in SO-resistance tissues were significantly higher (P<0.01). In in vitro and in vivo experiments, the introduction of miRNA-140-5p can decreased PD-L1 expression. Mechanically, we found that the Hep3B/SO and Huh-7/SO cells pretreated with miRNA-140-5p inhibitor or exosomes containing PD-L1 have higher autophagy activity, higher stemness, and lower apoptosis rate, which could be abrogated by co-treating cells with anti-PD-L1 antibody or miRNA-140-5p mimic. Conclusions: MiRNA-140-5p can suppress the PD-L1 expression in HCC cells-derived exosomes, thereby attenuating the chemoresistance, autophagy and stemness induced by SO in HCC.
Spatio-temporal Variability and Trends of Mean and Extreme Rainfall Events in the Sudano-sahelian Region of Cameroon
Authors: NJOUENWET Ibrahim , Tchotchou Lucie A. Djiotang , Ayugi Brian Odhiambo , Guenang Guy Merlin , Vondou Derbetini A. , Nouayou Robert
Published: September 2021

The Sudano-Sahelian region of Cameroon is mainly drained by the Benue, Chari and Logone rivers, which are very useful for water resources, especially for irrigation, hydropower generation, and navigation. Long-term changes in mean and extreme rainfall events in the region may be of crucial importance in understanding the impact of climate change. Daily and monthly rainfall data from twenty-five synoptic stations in the study area from 1980 to 2019 and extreme indices from the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) measurements were estimated using the non-parametric Modified Mann-Kendall test and the Sen slope estimator. The precipitation concentration index (PCI), the precipitation concentration degree (PCD), and the precipitation concentration period (PCP) were used to explore the spatio-temporal variations in the characteristics of rainfall concentrations. An increase in extreme rainfall events was observed, leading to an upward trend in mean annual. Trends in consecutive dry days (CDD) are significantly increasing in most parts of the study area. This could mean that the prevalence of drought risk is higher in the study area. Overall, the increase in annual rainfall could benefit the hydro-power sector, agricultural irrigation, the availability of potable water sources, and food security.
Carlituculin and JAK2 Exon 12 Mutation Screening in Patients with Myeloproliferative Neoplasm’s in Jeddah Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alkhatabi Heba , Abdulqayoom Heyam , Alserihi Raed , Felimban Raed , Elaimi Aisha , Allala Zinab , Magboli Afaf , Bahashwan Salem , Alsalmi Hashem , Shihah Abdulelah , Abuzenadah Adel , Yasin Elrashed B.
Published: September 2021

PurposeThe JAK2V617F mutation’s discovery has largely facilitated the comprehension of the myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) pathogenesis. In recent times, calreticulin (CALR) mutations have been detected in patients with negative MPNs for JAK2V617F. The CALR gene mutations have been reported in patients with negative JAK2V617F, primary myelofibrosis (PMF), and essential thrombocythemia (ET). This study analyzed the impact of JAK2 Exon 12 and CALR common mutations on MPN patients from the Jeddah region.MethodsAn allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to screen four common mutations on Exon 12. Consequently, the results showed that none of the patients were positive for the Exon 12 mutation. Direct sequencing and PCR analysis were utilized to screen all patients for CALR. Results The impact of CALR and JAK2 Exon 12 in 65 patients with a variety of MPN symptoms was investigated. This study included patients who had negative results, when previously screened for JAK2V617F. CALR mutations were identified in eight patients out of 65 JAK2V617F and JAK2 Exon 12 negative patients in this study’s cohort. Conclusions This is the first Saudi Arabian research that focused on screening CALR hotspot mutations, and this mutation exists. This fact highlights the importance of implementing diagnostic screening of CALR on MPN patients, in general, and patients with high platelet count, in particular. In addition, further screening of other predisposing genetic markers might facilitate the identification of an important genetic variant, which could aid in the understanding of disease pathogenesis.
Physical Exercise Rehabilitation System Based on Internet of Things and Big Data Technology
Authors: Zhao Nana , Yan Yinzhong , Han Xiao , Zhang Gaofei , Chen Long
Published: September 2021

With the combination of big data technology and the Internet of Things and exercise rehabilitation, we are also facing the problem of processing massive amounts of data. Whether these data can be used well has become the key to obtaining good business benefits and improving user experience. This paper applies the Internet of Things and big data technology to the physical exercise rehabilitation system to improve the sports data processing and combine with the big data processing technology to explore the factors affecting the effect of exercise rehabilitation to improve the effect of physical exercise rehabilitation. Moreover, this paper proposes a posture recognition algorithm based on human vision, and defines the human posture described by the feature, which improves the classifier's ability to classify different posture data. Finally, this paper combines experimental analysis to verify the effect of the method in this paper. From the research results, it can be seen that the method constructed in this paper has a good rehabilitation effect of physical exercise.
Therapeutic Effect of Local Injection of VX765 Sodium Alginate Nanogel on Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Tian Qingxin , Liu Jianlong , Chen Qin , Zhang Mingxiao
Published: September 2021

Objectives: To determine the effect of polyethyleneimine/sodium alginate composite nano-gel (AG/PEI-VX765NGs) coated with VX765 on cardiac function in rats with myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: VX765-polyethyleneimine nano-microspheres (PEI-VX765 NP) were encapsulated by sodium alginate (AG) nanogel (NGs) to construct AG/PEI-VX765 NGs. The morphological observation was performed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The viability was evaluated by using CCK-8 assay in vitro. Then, 24 male SPF Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Sham, MI, PEI-VX765NP, and AG/PEI-VX765NGs. After 28 days, rats in each group were subjected to assessment of cardiac function by echocardiography. The myocardial infarct size was evaluated by TTC test, and the differences in cardiac fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis between groups were analyzed by histological methods. Results: The prepared NGs shows a porous structure, while PEI-VX765 NP is uniformly distributed in the AG NGs samples. AG/PEI-VX765 NGs with a concentration of VX765 (range: 0-1000 μM) displayed no significant toxicity to cells. Meanwhile, we observed a relatively more persistent release of VX765 from AG/PEI-VX765 NGs compared with PEI-VX765. LVIDs and LVIDd in both PEI-VX765 and AG/PEI-VX765NGs groups were significantly smaller than those in MI group, while ejection fraction (EF) and short-axis shortening rate (FS) were markedly increased in the above-mentioned two groups. Compared with MI group, PEI-VX765 and AG/PEI-VX765NGs groups exhibited a significant reduction in the infarct size, degree of fibrosis, and the rate of TUNEL positive cells. Conclusion: AG/PEI-VX765NGs can significantly improve the cardiac function of rats with MI.
The Interactions of Small Proline-rich Proteins With Late Cornified Envelope Proteins Are Involved in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis
Authors: Tian Siyu , Chen Shuming , Feng Yongyi , Li Yong
Published: September 2021

Background: Psoriasis is a common cutaneous disease with many characteristics including inflammation and aberrant keratinocyte proliferation. However, the pathogenesis of psoriasis is not completely clear. Methods: We explore the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in psoriasis by analyzing the gene expression profile obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The DEGs were examined by gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interactions (PPI) network. Correlation analysis in R studio software analyzed the association of SPRR and LCE genes. The potential direct protein-protein interactions between SPRR proteins and LCE3D was further verified by co-localization observed in 293T cells and co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP). The expression levels of SPRR and LCE genes were detected in the IMQ-induced psoriasiform dermatitis mice. Results: The small proline-rich (SPRR) and late cornified envelope (LCE) genes were identified as a module in constructed PPI network. The gene expression profile GSE63684 analysis showed that both SPRR family and LCE family genes were significantly upregulated in imiquimod (IMQ) induced psoriasiform dermatitis mice. Correlation analysis in R studio software recognized the association of SPRR and LCE genes, in which the potential direct protein-protein interactions between SPRR proteins and LCE3D was further verified by co-localization observed in 293T cells and co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) results that suggest direct interaction between SPRR2 and LCE3D. Notably, we found that the expression levels of SPRR and LCE genes were significantly increased in the IMQ-induced psoriasiform dermatitis mice while tazarotene cream treatment specifically decreased the mRNA expression of these genes, which indicated that the SPRR and LCEs were regulated simultaneously in psoriasis. Conclusion: Our studies found the interactions of SPRR proteins with LCE proteins, which may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
Discovery of Allopregnanolone Against Influenza Virus With Broad Spectrum in Vitro
Authors: Wang yuqi , Wang Yanyan , Cao Hong
Published: September 2021

Background: Influenza virus infection with seasonal or occasional but devastating morbidity and mortality, is a severe threat to public health. The frequent emergence of resistant viral strains limited application of current antivirals and posing an urgent need for novel antiviral therapies. Natural products offered a broad prospect in the screening and development of new influenza inhibitors.Methods: In this research, a high-throughput antiviral screening for 891 natural products was performed based on a recombinant reporter influenza A virus. According to the cytotoxicity assay and dose-response relationship, alloprogesterone (ALLO), as the positive hit was selected, and verified by viral titer reduction assay and immunofluorescence using a wild-type virus. Followingly, we explored its antiviral potency of counteracting with IAV and IBV, and preliminary investigated the mechanism of ALLO through time-of-addition assay and mini-replicon system.Results: Under the criteria of 80% inhibition and 70% cell viability, ALLO was screened out and confirmed antiviral activity in varied cells. The inhibitory effect of ALLO against influenza virus with a dose-dependent manner and significantly reduced viral yield of five different influenza viruses in the presence of 40 µM ALLO, including oseltamivir-resistant virus. Moreover, ALLO exhibited no influence on IAV entry or release during the viral replication cycle, but obviously interfered with the genome replication regarding post-infection 2 hrs to 6 hrs, which is consistent with the evidence of decreased polymerase activity.Conclusions: In summary, we firstly identified a new pharmacological activity of ALLO, as a broad spectrum inhibitor for treatment influenza infections, targeting viral replication stage and possessing great value of further development.
Structure Formation Processes and Green Ceramics Manufacturing from Hazardous Bauxite Red Mud and Ferrous Slag
Authors: Mymrin Vsevolod , Alekseev Kirill , Klitzke Walderson , Avanci Monica A. , Rolim Paulo H.B. , Magalhaes Washington , Silva Patricia R. , Carvalho Karina Q. , Catai Rodrigo E.
Published: September 2021

This paper reports the development and characterization of some new ceramic materials from hazardous bauxite red mud (50 to 100 wt.%) and blast furnace slag (10 and 50%). This research aimed to demonstrate the possibility of expanding the raw material base for ceramics production, completely replacing the traditional natural raw materials (clay and sand) by hazardous industrial wastes composites with increasing local and global sustainability. Studies on the physicochemical processes of the ceramic structure’s formation were conducted by the XRF, XRD, AAS, SEM with EDS, and LAMMA methods. Changes in flexural strength, linear shrinkage, water absorption, and density were determined during the sintering process at 1000°, 1050°, 1100°, 1150°, 1200°, and 1225°C. The ceramics` flexural strength after sintering at 1225°C reached 19.78 MPa due to the syntheses of the mainly glass-like structure formation, confirmed by SEM, EDS and isotopes LAMMA methods with the complete binding of the heavy metals.
The Role of Histology on the Outcome of Sinonasal Carcinomas Treated With Radiation Therapy; a Single Institution Experience
Authors: Ghalehtaki Reza , Taherioun Maryam , razmkhah Mahdieh , Shirkhoda Mohammad , Jalaeefar Amirmohsen , Garajei Ata , Jafari Mehrdad , heidari farrokh , Aghili Mahdi , Kazemian Ali
Published: September 2021

Background: Malignant epithelial sinonasal tumors are a rare group of head and neck cancers with various histological subtypes that can affect the treatment outcomes in the locally advanced tumors.Our aim was to investigate the relationship between oncological outcomes and histological type in sinonasal carcinomas.Material and Method: In this retrospective cohort study we retrieved patients’ information from medical archives. Most of patients underwent surgery and all received radiation as indicated, some patients received chemotherapy. We evaluated 3-year overall survival (OS),distant metastases and local recurrence according to histological type.Results: We studied 28 patients between 2011-2016. Most of them were male. Squamouse cell carcinoma (SCC) was found in 15 (53.5%), Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) in 8 (28.5%), and Adenocarcinoma (AC) in 5 (18%) patients. The highest rate of metastasis was observed in AC. Three-year OS were 48%, 50% and 73% in SCC, AC and AdCC respectively.Conclusion: The type of histology affects the oncological outcomes and this relationship can dictate the treatment modality to choose when dealing with malignant sinonasal tumors.
The First Case of Leucopenia Campylobacter Jejuni Infection in Hepatitis B Cirrhosis with Bacteremia and Peritonitis in Asia
Authors: jiatong Chai , Sun Zeyu , Wang Yiting , Yang Chun , Xu Jiancheng
Published: September 2021

Backgroud: Bacteremia and peritonitis caused by Campylobacter jejuni are rarely found in hepatitis B cirrhotic patients, and leukopenia rarely occurs in cases of bacterial infection. Hence, more cases should be shared to improve antibiotic treatment strategies and avoid missed diagnosis in clinical practice. Case presentation: This report shared a case of Campylobacter jejuni infection in hepatitis B cirrhosis with leukopenia that has never been reported in Asia. A 59-year-old with occult hepatitis B cirrhosis was hospitalized due to persistent mild fever and obvious abdominal distention. The patient was diagnosed with bacteremia and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and was discharged after treatment with Cefminox Sodium and CefepiMe Hydrochlorid. Conclusion: Parenteral infection with Campylobacter jejuni is more common in patients with decreased immune function. Bacterial infection concealed by leucopenia should be considered to avoid delaying treatment in patients with low immune function.
A Study on the Development and Application of Patellofemoral Joint Radiography Auxiliary Device for Tangential Axial Radiography of the Patellar and Patellofemoral Joints
Authors: Rhee Do-Byung , Kim Hee-June , Kwon Deok-Mun , Kim Jung-Su , Choi Hyun-Woo , Kim Jong-Ki
Published: September 2021

This study evaluated the accuracy of tangential axial radiography of the patellofemoral joints using an auxiliary device, which we named patellofemoral joint radiography (PJR). To compare the PJR and conventional radiography methods such as the Laurin, Merchant, and Settegast, the images taken by three methods were evaluated using a whole body phantom (PBU-31). Settegast was the radiographic method that had the smallest inclination of the patella and showed the best half lateral image of the patella, with a difference of 5.76% when compared with PJR (p = 0.001). PJR was the method that had the largest distance between the patellar and femoral joint spaces, with a difference of 14.54% when compared with the Merchant method (p = 0.001). PJR was the method in which the two bones were well overlapped (i.e., measured by the distance between the femoral trochlear groove and the tibial tuberosity), with a difference of 109.41% when compared with the Merchant method (p = 0.001). The Settegast method has the image with the smallest inclination of the patella, but the PJR has the image that best describes the patellofemoral joint and the least distortion of the image. when using PJR, bending the knee by 40° degree and setting a 140° angle between the long axis of the femur and the long axis of the lower leg were considered to be the most beneficial conditions. We propose the use of PJR for tangential axial radiography of the patellar and patellofemoral joints.
Empagliflozin Alleviates Diabetic Renal Tubular Lipid Accumulation and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Through AGEs-RAGE Pathway
Authors: Liu Zheng , Chen Juan , Sun Lili , Li Jianzhong , Sun Hong
Published: September 2021

Background: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are pathogenic factors of renal tubular lipid accumulation and play a negative role in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibition offers strong renoprotection in the progression of DKD. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of empagliflozin (EMPA, a potent and selective SGLT2 inhibitor) on AGEs-induced renal tubular lipid accumulation in both diabetic mice fed with a high-AGEs diet and AGEs-treated cultured human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells. Methods: In vivo, EMPA was used to treat db/db mice fed a high-AGEs diet or an AIN-76 basal diet. In an in vitro study, HK-2 cells were treated with AGEs-bovine serum albumin (BSA) and/or EMPA. Sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) translocation was detected by confocal microscopy. Results: EMPA reduced tubular lipid droplets and intracellular cholesterol content, as well as the expression of proteins involved in the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol in the kidneys of basal diet-fed db/db mice, high-AGEs diet-fed db/db mice and AGEs-BSA-treated HK-2 cells. AGEs-BSA loading promoted the formation of SCAP-SREBP-2 complexes and enhanced the transport of the complexes to the Golgi, but these effects were markedly inhibited by EMPA in HK-2 cells. EMPA reduced renal inflammation both in basal diet-fed db/db mice and high-AGEs diet-fed db/db mice, and suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in AGEs-BSA-treated HK-2 cells. In addition, EMPA reduced the serum AGEs level in vivo and inhibited renal tubular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and receptor of AGEs (RAGE) expression both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions: EMPA attenuated AGEs synthesis and inhibited the AGEs-RAGE signaling pathway, thereby suppressing ER stress and inhibiting abnormal cholesterol metabolism and release of inflammatory cytokines, thus alleviating renal tubular lipid accumulation and inflammation.
Effect of VA/RA on Oxidative Damage Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide in Primary Duck Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Zheng Chao , Wei Wen Zhuo , Wu Yan , Liang Zhenhua , Pi Jinsong , Liu Jingbo , Zhang Hao
Published: September 2021

Background: Vitamin A (VA) is an essential fat-soluble vitamin that contributes to the normal metabolism of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), fights infections and enhances immunity. Retinoic acid (RA) is the physiological metabolite of VA, which is increased under oxidative stress and has an important physiological function. We studied the protective mechanism of VA/RA in H2O2-induced oxidative stress in primary duck IECs. Cells were distributed into 5 groups: blank control group (CG1), positive control group (CG2), high concentration retinoic acid group (TG1) (VA:RA=1 × 10-8 M:3 × 10-8 M), equal concentration retinoic acid group (TG2) (VA:RA=2 × 10-8 M:2 × 10-8 M), and low concentration retinoic acid group (TG3) (VA:RA=3 × 10-8 M:1 × 10-8 M). The blank control group had no treatment, and the positive control group and the treatment groups were all treated with 50 μM H2O2 to induce oxidative stress. Each group had 3 replicates. RNA-Seq was used to screen differentially expressed genes, KEGG functional annotation and GO analysis were performed and the results were verified by qRT-PCR. The cell viability was quantified by the CCK-8 assay. Intestinal barrier integrity and tight junction permeability were measured by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER).Results: An RNA-Seq analysis showed that treatment with VA/RA altered the expression of genes involved in the cell adhesion, immune response, metabolism and cell regulation. Our results suggest that abnormal the PPARγ expression may be involved in H2O2-induced oxidative stress and in the therapeutic mechanism of VA/RA treatment. Treatment with 50 μM H2O2 significantly decreased live cell numbers compared with those in CG1. Compared with those in CG2, the cell viability and TEER in the TGs were significantly improved (P < 0.05). As the RA concentration increased, the relative expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 increased (P < 0.05). The TGs had higher expression levels of ZO-1, claudin-1 and Occludin than CG2 (P < 0.05).Conclusions: VA and its derivative RA relieve intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by H2O2, the PPAR and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway may participate these proses.
Association Between Duration of Return of Spontaneous Circulation and Favorable Outcomes After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Lian Huixin , Xia Andong , Qin Xinyan , Tian Sijia , Kang Xuqin , Zhang Luxi , Niu Shengmei , Qin Fei , Zhang Jinjun
Published: September 2021

Background: Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is a core outcome element of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), but the definition or criterion of ROSC is disputed and varies in resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).Methods: In this retrospective observational study from a single center in Beijing, we analyzed the records of 126 OHCA patients who achieved ROSC between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2020. ROSC duration was defined as the entire time of ROSC from heartbeat or pulse present upon arrival at hospital or arrest again during CPR. The primary outcome was survival at 30 days with favorable neurological outcome. The probability of survival after OHCA as related to CPR duration time was further analyzed using the Probability Density Function (PDF) and the empirical Cumulative Density Functions (CDFs), and compared with ROSC sustained until emergency department arrival and ROSC sustained at least 20 minutes. Results: Among all 126 OHCA patients who achieved ROSC, the median ROSC duration time was 13.6 minutes. There were no significant differences between ROSC sustained until emergency department arrival and sustained at least 20 minutes in the 24-hour survival rate (31.3% [31/99] vs. 35.7% [10/30]; P=0.835), 30-day survival rate (23.2% [23/99] vs. 25.0% [7/30]; P=0.991), or survival at 30 days with cerebral performance category (CPC) 1–2 (18.2% [18/99] vs. 10.7% [3/30]; P=0.435). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test values from the empirical CDFs with ROSC sustained until hospital arrival and ROSC at least 20 minutes were 0.4444, 0.2000, and 0.2353 for CPC 1 or 2, CPC 3 or 4, and CPC 5 respectively.Conclusions: ROSC duration was directly associated with 24-hour survival, 30-day survival and 30-day survival with favorable neurological outcomes after OHCA. ROSC as a core outcome element of CPR should be defined as sustained at least 20 minutes or until arrival at the emergency department, and as a basic standard for evaluating resuscitation success after OHCA.
Effect of Early Nutritional Support on Clinical Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shock
Authors: Cha Jun Kwon , Kim Hyung-sook , Kim Eun Ji , Lee Eunsook , Lee Jae ho , Song In-Ae
Published: September 2021

PurposeThe initial nutritional delivery policy for patients with sepsis admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) is not fully elucidated. This study aimed to determine whether initial adequate nutrition supply and route of nutrition delivery during the first week of sepsis onset may improve the clinical outcomes of critically ill septic patients. MethodsWe examined 834 adult patients with sepsis and septic shock in the ICU between November 2013 and May 2017 retrospectively. Poisson log-linear and Cox regressions were performed to assess the relationship between clinical outcomes, sex, modified nutrition risk in the critically ill (mNUTRIC) scores, sequential organ failure assessment and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation scores, route of nutrition delivery, and daily energy and protein delivery during the first week since sepsis onset. ResultsPatients who had higher protein intakes during the first week since sepsis onset had lower in-hospital mortality, while higher energy intakes were associated with lower the 30-day mortality. Route of nutrition delivery was not associated with 1-year mortality in the group with > 70% of the nutritional requirement; however, enteral feeding (EN) with supplemental parenteral nutrition (PN) was superior to only EN or only PN in patients who were underfed. ConclusionFor patients with sepsis and septic shock, a high daily average protein intake may lower in-hospital mortality and a high energy intake may lower the 30-day mortality, especially for patients with high mNUTRIC scores. For underfed patients, EN with supplemental PN may be better than EN or PN alone.
USP25 Regulated Multiple Myeloma Cell Cycle Through STAT3 Ubiquitination
Authors: Liao Jiawei , Ma Julei , Zhang Xingguo , Shu Peng
Published: September 2021

Background Constitutively activated STAT3 (Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) has been seen in Multiple Myeloma (MM). However, STAT3 regulator in MM remains enigmatic. Methods Herein, we applied public dataset analysis and identified USP25 (Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 25) was a potential regulator of STAT3. We further applied western blot and IP to confirm the relation between USP25 and STAT3. Furthermore, we used cell cycle assay to assess the effect USP25 on MM cell cycle.RestultsUSP25 highly expressed in MM CD138+ cells, and support MM cell proliferation. In protein level, USP25 take part in IL-6/USP25/STAT3 axis and could directly down-regulated STAT3 ubiquitination. Using truncated form of USP25, we also proved UCH (Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase) domain of USP25 is critical for USP25-STAT3 binding, UIM (Ubiquitin interacting motif) domain is required for STAT3 ubiquitination, we further proved cell cycle changed by USP25 required STAT3 and cyclinD1, suggesting USP25 inhibition is promising in STAT3, cyclinD1 abnormal MM patients.
Trajectory Planning of Robot-assisted Abrasive Cloth Wheel Polishing Blade based on Flexible Contact
Authors: zhang jingjing , Liu Jia , Yang Shengqiang
Published: September 2021

Industrial robot-assisted abrasive cloth wheel (ACW) accurately polish blades is considered to be a challenging task, and it is necessary to realize the digitalization of the process. Due to the flexible contact characteristics of abrasive cloth wheel and the change of blade surface curvature, the amount of microscopic material removal and the topographical errors of the blade surface are not uniform. So the surface roughness value is larger. In this paper, considering the flexible deformation of the blade and the abrasive cloth wheel during polishing contact, the polishing contact model of the blade and the abrasive cloth wheel is established and simulated. Firstly, based on the Preston equation and Hertz contact theory, the material removal profile in the contact area of the blade and the abrasive cloth wheel is analyzed. Secondly, the step length is optimized by considering the deformation of the abrasive cloth wheel in thedirection, and the line spacing is optimized by considering the material removal uniformity in thedirection. The NURBS curve is used to extract the blade polishing area curve and generate the polishing trajectory data points. Then, two methods of rigid trajectory planning and flexible adaptive trajectory planning of abrasive cloth wheel are simulated and analyzed by offline programming software. Finally, experiments were carried out on a four-station wheel changing polishing platform. Simulation and experiments results show that the proposed flexible adaptive trajectory planning method can make the surface roughness of the convex and the concave, the surface roughness of the leading and trailing edge, the total polishing efficiency increased by about 9.4%.