bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
As características entoacionais presentes na leitura de professores e alunos do Ensino Básico
Authors: Garcia Rosicleide Rodrigues
Published: June 2022

Esta pesquisa avaliou a leitura de 40 professores de diferentes disciplinas, e 110 alunos de 10 a 18 anos, pertencentes ao 3º ano do EF à 3ª série do EM, estabelecendo como controle 1 profissional de Língua Portuguesa, para verificar suas entoações durante a leitura de um nanoconto. Sob o uso do aplicativo ExProsódia® (FERREIRA NETTO, 2010), as informações avaliadas por meio da análise automatizada dos dados observaram que alunos e professores produzem uma leitura de entoação neutra – conforme previsto por Cagliari (2002). Ou seja, cerca de 60% realizaram apenas uma frase entoacional, cuja curva de F0 teve um movimento oblíquo, direção descendente, finalização plagal e produção irregular de pausas perceptíveis, contrariando o controle, que realizou duas frases entoacionais, com finalização autêntica, dando ao texto a interpretação poética esperada. Além disso, também se verificou que a entoação na leitura começa a ser perceptível a partir do 3º ano do ensino fundamental, quando a criança apresenta mais fluidez ao ler um texto. Todavia, mesmo que os dados tragam uma regularidade em relação aos resultados gerais, percebe-se que as leituras não revelam uma uniformização no ato de ler em se tratando de alunos e professores.
Letramento em avaliação para professores de inglês e a perspectiva glocal: um microestudo
Authors: Quevedo-Camargo Gladys , Sousa Anita Angélica Cruz de Paiva
Published: June 2022

Considerando a literatura existente sobre Letramento em Avaliação de Línguas (SCARAMUCCI, 2016; QUEVEDO-CAMARGO; SCARAMUCCI, 2018) e o papel da avaliação no processo de ensino/aprendizagem (SCARAMUCCI, 2006), este artigo discute o lugar e o papel desse letramento e os benefícios que pode propiciar aos docentes e aos seus contextos de atuação. Trazemos o conceito de glocalização (ROBERTSON, 1995; TRIPPESTAD, 2016) no contexto de ensino do inglês e sua importância no processo de formação de professores de língua inglesa. Realizamos um microestudo qualitativo-interpretativista (MOITA LOPES, 1994) com dados provenientes de um questionário on-line aplicado a cinco professores de inglês de uma escola pública de idiomas do Distrito Federal e da análise documental das disciplinas que compõem as matrizes curriculares dos seus cursos de Letras. Os resultados indicam que há uma carência de Letramento em Avaliação de Línguas na formação acadêmica dos participantes, o que é indispensável para que o professor possa conceber sua sala de aula como um espaço glocal.
A etimologia de Turgot: grãos de areia para uma história da linguística
Authors: Bagno Marcos
Published: June 2022

A história da linguística é narrada habitualmente como uma série de “revoluções” em que um paradigma novo substituiria por completo seu predecessor, cujo trabalho deveria ser deixado à margem dos desenvolvimentos atuais. Recorrendo a uma análise do verbete sobre etimologia na Encyclopédie dos iluministas franceses do século 18, é possível negar essa suposta linearidade dos avanços teóricos e metodológicos da linguística e reconhecer que eles se fazem por acúmulo e desdobramentos cíclicos, jamais de forma abrupta.
Quotient Nearness d-Algebras
Authors: Yılmaz Damla , YAZARLI Hasret
Published: June 2022

BCK/BCI-algebra is a class of logical algebras that was defined by K. Iseki and S. Tanaka. BCK-algebras have a lot of generalizations. One of them is d-algebras. Near set theory which is a generalization of rough set theory. This theory is based on the determination of universal sets according to the available information of the objects. Based on the image analysis, the near set theory was created. Oztu¨rk applied the¨ notion of near sets defined by J. F. Peters to the theory of d-algebras. In this paper we introduce upper-nearness d-ideal, upper-near (upper nearness) d # -ideal, upper-near (upper-nearness) d∗-ideal. We explored what conditions we should put on the ideal for quotient nearness d-algebra to become an nearness d-algebra again. Finally, we introduce quotient nearness d-algebras with the help of upper-nearness d∗-ideals of nearness d-algebras.MSC Classification: 03E75 , 03E99 , 03F55 , 06F35 , 06S40
Assessment of the Sustainability of Landcovers Due to Artisanal Mining in Jos Area, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunro Olumuyiwa Temidayo , Owolabi Ayodele
Published: June 2022

Environmental sustainability ensures that minerals are responsibly exploited to meet the present needs without depriving the future generations the ability to meet their needs. Unfortunately, environmental sustainability and artisanal mining seems unattainable in recent years with aggressive mining operation. It is on this premise that geospatial techniques with proven role in environmental studies were employed to assess the environmental sustainability due to artisanal mining in Jos Area, Plateau State, Nigeria. Land surface temperature (LST) and seven (7) geospatial indices used for land use land cover (LULC) estimation were generated. The mean LST values showed a steady increasing pattern from 23.98 ºC to 25.88 ºC and 29.46 ºC in 1984, 2002 and 2020 respectively. The mean value of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) depicts a considerable increase from 0.179 in 1984 to 0.458 in 2002 and a slight decline to 0.438 in 2020. This is congruent with the mean Optimised Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (OSAVI) values in 1984, 2002 and 2020 which were 0.149, 0.359 and 0.355 respectively. The resulting maps from Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) revealed a consistent decline in the mean values (-0.349, -0.391 and − 0.411) in 1984, 2002 and 2020. The results revealed that Jos Area is not densely vegetated, while waterbodies were declining. Built-ups and bare lands also followed the same trend of a surge from 1984 to 2002 and a decline from 2002 to 2020. This study provided essential input and referential information for proper decision making on environmental sustenance, environmental management, and mineral resource conservation.
Seismic risk assessment of a large metropolitan area by means of simulated earthquakes
Authors: Fischer Eliana , Barreca Giovanni , Greco Annalisa , Martinico Francesco , Pluchino Alessandro , Rapisarda Andrea
Published: June 2022

The determination of seismic risk in urban settlements has received increasing attention in the scientific community during the last decades since it allows to identify the most vulnerable portions of urban areas and therefore to plan opportune strategies for seismic risk reduction. In order to accurately evaluate the seismic risk of urban settlements it should be necessary to estimate in detail the seismic vulnerability of all the existing buildings in the considered area. This task could be very cumbersome due to both the great number of information needed to accurately characterize each building and the huge related computational effort. Several simplified methods for the assessment of the seismic vulnerability of existing buildings have been therefore presented in the literature. In order to estimate the occurrence of damage in buildings due to possible seismic excitations, the published studies usually refer to response spectra evaluated according to seismic events expected in the territory with assumed probabilities. In the present paper seismic events are instead simulated using a modified Olami-Feder-Christensen (OFC) model, within the framework of Self-Organized Criticality. The proposed methodology takes into account some geological parameters in the evaluation of the seismic intensities perceived by each single building, extending the approach presented in a previous study of some of the authors. Here, a large territory in the Sicilian oriental coast, the metropolitan area of Catania (Sicily), which includes several urbanized zones with different features, has been considered as a new case study. Applications of the procedure are presented first with reference to seismic sequences of variable intensity, whose occurrence is rather frequent in seismic territories, showing that the damage can be progressively accumulated in the buildings and may lead to their collapse even when the intensities of each single event are moderate. Moreover, statistically significant simulations of single major seismic events, equivalent to a given sequence in terms of produced damages on buildings, are also performed. The latter match well with a novel a-priori risk index, introduced with the aim of characterizing the seismic risk of each single municipality in the considered metropolitan area. The proposed procedure can be applied to any large urbanized territory and, allowing to identify the most vulnerable areas, can represent an useful tool to prioritize the allocation of funds. This could be a novelty for risk policies in many countries in which public subsidies are currently assigned on a case-by-case basis, taking into account only hazard and vulnerability. The use of a risk index in the allocation process will allow to include the relevant role of exposure.
The Prognostic Role of miR-195 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis
Authors: Dioguardi Mario , Spirito Francesca , Sovereto Diego , Femina Lucia La , Caloro Giorgia Apollonia , Cosola Michele Di , Cantore Stefania , Ballini Andrea , Muzio Lorenzo Lo , Troiano Giuseppe
Published: June 2022

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represent a heterogeneous group of neoplasms whose histological derivation comes from the lining epithelium of the mucous membranes: the oral cavity, the larynx, the hypopharynx, the nasopharynx and the oropharyx The etiopathogenetic mechanisms involving tumor genesis, including alteration of cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration and death, may involve alterations in the expression of MICRORNA. To date there are no systematic reviews with meta-analyzes conducted specifically on the role of miR-195 in HNSCC, our hypothesis is that with the presence in the literature of recent studies conducted on miR-195 it is possible to clearly determine, by aggregating the results, if the aberrant expression of miR-195 in HNSCC tissues may represent a prognostic biomarker of survival through Hazard Ratio (HR) and RR analysis. The systematic review was reported following the indications of the PRISMA and 3 electronic databases were used, such as PubMed, Scopus and Chocrane central Trial and the gray literature and a combination of keywords was used, such as miR-195 AND HNSCC, microRNA AND HNSCC and miR − 195. The meta-analysis and Trial sequential analysis were performed using RevMan 5.41 software and TSA software (Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark). This search identified 1592 articles, at the end of the selection process 3 articles were included. The results of the meta-analysis report an aggregate risk ratio (RR) for overall survival (OS), between the expression of miR-195 highest and lowest, of 0.36, 6 95% CI: [0.25, 0.51] heterogeneity was evaluated through Chi² = 0.05 df = 2 (P = 0.98) and the Higgins index I² = 0% ; The test for the overall effect is Z = 5.77 (P < 0.00001). the forest plot is in favor of higher OS in patients with high miR-195 expression.
Effect of Water Type Used in Mixing the Alginate on the Final Stone Cast of Removable Partial Dentures
Authors: monther Bassil , Belal Ammar
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Recording an accurate impression is one of the most important steps in prosthetic dentistry for a successful denture, alginate remains one of the most common impression materials in dentistry, Therefore, it is important to fully understand its characteristics and the factors that influence it in order to avoid possible complications.Purpose: Study the effect of water type used in mixing the alginate on the final stone cast of removable partial dentures using different types of water.Materials and Methods: The research sample consisted of 30 gypsum casts taken with alginate for partially edentulous metal cast class III modification 2, divided into three equal groups according to the different type of water used in mixing the alginate (distilled water, mineral water, tap water). The linear measurements were made in the longitudinal, vertical, and transverse dimensions according to points prepared in advance on the metallic cast using a digital caliper, then it was repeated on gypsum casts. The results were collected and analyzed statistically by the t-student, Anova, and Bonferroni method at a 95% confidence level.Results: It was found that there were changes in the linear dimensions in all groups, regardless of the type of water used, but to varying degrees between them without statistically significant differences, except for the front vertical linear dimension which was the largest in the tap water group.Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, we can say about the preference of distilled and mineral water in mixing alginate for final impressions compared to tap water.Recommendations: We recommend the use of distilled or mineral water when mixing alginate for final impressions.
Predicting vulnerable sites and causative factors of bank erosion in river Ganga (Malda, India) using remote sensing and statistical modeling approach
Authors: GHOSH DEBARSHI , Saha Snehasish
Published: June 2022

This study aims to evaluate the causative factors for high bank erosion probability along the left bank of Ganga river in Malda district using binary logistic regression model. The bank erosion at the outer bend of Ganga in Manikchak and Kaliachak-II blocks during the recession of flood water in Ganga poses serious threats to the inhabitants of Diara since the construction of the Farakka barrage. The constriction slowly started a problem of water pilling at the up-stream of the barrage and extended up to the Bhutni Island (40 km up stream). The seepage mechanism allows the entry of rising flood water to the banks and again released when water level recedes gradually and causes bank slumping. In last monsoon (2020), Gopalpur, Jotbhabani Dharampur gram panchayets of Manikchak block are heavily affected by bank erosion. Total nine causative factors are selected as predictor variables in binary logistic regression model categorized broadly as vegetation, water and moisture indices, proximity based on river channel and settlement, soil characteristics and landuse-cover classes. The omnibus test of model coefficient gives the likelihood ratio (224.433) for the overall model fitting (p value 0.0). The model predicts correctly 254 sites as low bank erosion (LBE) and 111 sites as High bank erosion (HBE) category with 84.4% and 67.3% accuracy. The soil bearing capacity significantly expresses highest odds (87.6%) of telling the high probability of bank erosion. The model produces accuracy up to 87.4%.
L1 gene based Molecular Characterization of Bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV1) isolated from cutaneous warts of cattle, Maharashtra (India)
Authors: Tumlam U. M. , Desai D. N. , Pawade M. M. , Mhase P. P. , Muglikar D. M.
Published: June 2022

Bovine Papillomatosis (BP) is a contagious disease of the animals in which it naturally occurs. It is caused by the bovine papillomavirus (BPV) and is characterized by warts that occur in cutaneous and mucosal forms. Cattle are affected by six different types of papillomaviruses. BPV-1 and − 2 infections can cause warts on the skin, teats, udders, penis, and tumors in the urinary bladder. In the present study, total of 10 wart samples from cattle were studied. PCR was performed to detect the presence of BPV and its type. Further, the PCR amplified product was sent for the sequencing for the confirmation and phylogeny analysis. The result revealed that the cutaneous warts of six cattle were positive for BPV-1 while all the samples were found negative for BPV-2. BPV-1 was detected in cutaneous warts by a PCR and was confirmed by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. In conclusion, the BPV type prevalent in the cutaneous warts of Indian cattle is the BPV-1 type.
Early fluid activity on Ryugu: perspectives from oxygen, carbon, and 53Mn-53Cr isotopes
Authors: McCain Kaitlyn , Matsuda Nozomi , Liu Ming-Chang , McKeegan Kevin , Yamaguchi Akira , Kimura Makoto , Tomioka Naotaka , Ito Motoo , Imae Naoya , Uesugi Masayuki , Shirai Naoki , Ohigashi Takuji , Greenwood Richard , Uesugi Kentaro , Nakato Aiko , Yogata Kasumi , Yuzawa Hayato , Kodama Yu , Hirahara Kaori , Sakurai Ikuya , Okada Ikuo , Karouji Yuzuru , Nakazawa Satoru , Okada Tatsuaki , Saiki Takanao , Tanaka Satoshi , Terui Fuyuto , Yoshikawa Makoto , Miyazaki Akiko , Nishimura Masahiro , Yada Toru , Abe Masanao , Usui Tomohiro , Watanabe Sei-ichiro , Tsuda Yuichi
Published: June 2022

Samples from asteroid Ryugu returned by the Hayabusa2 mission contain evidence of extensive alteration by aqueous fluids and appear related to the CI chondrites. To understand the sources of the fluid and the timing of chemical reactions occurring during the alteration processes, we investigated the oxygen, carbon, and 53Mn-53Cr systematics of carbonate and magnetite in two Ryugu particles. We find that the fluid was initially between 0 − 20°C and enriched in 13C, and 17O and 18O, and subsequently evolved towards lighter carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions as alteration proceeded. Carbonate ages show that this fluid-rock interaction took place within the first ~ 1.4 million years of solar system history requiring early accretion and preservation of carbonaceous material, either in a planetesimal less than ~ 17 km in diameter or a larger body which was disrupted and reassembled.
COVID-19: Monitoring of patients’ laboratory data during a 90-day length of hospital stay
Authors: Perraud Eunice Bobô de Carvalho , Oliveira Breno Douglas Dantas , Meireles Lilia Sousa Martins Alcântara , Moreira Thainá Bastos Mangueira , Loureiro Vinicius Lopes , Rocha Hermano Alexandre Lima , Martins Filadélfia Passos Rodrigues
Published: June 2022

Background: In March 2020, COVID-19 was declared a pandemic. In this study, patients were selected through the chest HRCT diagnosis. Laboratory tests such as blood count, fibrinogen, D-dimer, AST, ALT, troponin, LDH, albumin, CRP, electrolytes and ferritin were analyzed. Aims: To monitor the laboratory evolution of COVID-19 in patients during hospitalization. Method: Of 115 patients, 93 were selected and analyzed every three days for 90 days. Data were analyzed using the IBM, SPSS, Statistics for Windows, 23.0 software. Results: 34.4% were female, and 65.6% male; Hct and Hb dropped after the 13th day of hospitalization; leukocyte levels remained up to 15,000, increasing to >20,000 after the 55th day of hospitalization; lymphopenia occurred in 10 to 15% of the patients, with increased eosinophils; platelet levels decreased at the end of hospitalization. Fibrinogen, D-dimer, LDH, CRP and ferritin levels increased throughout the hospitalization period. Urea and creatinine increased slightly from the 30th day onwards. There were no alterations in PTA, troponin, chlorine, potassium and albumin levels, with a decrease throughout the hospitalization period. Conclusion: Knowledge of the behavior of laboratory tests together with the disease evolution give support to the clinical and therapeutic management of COVID-19.
The Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Properties of Different Strains of Lactobacillus spp. Isolated from Traditional Kefir Dough on Oral Pathogens with Real Time PCR
Authors: ekhteraei khatereh sadat , Narimani Tahmineh , poursina farkhondeh , Mirzaei Arezoo , Damavandi Mohammad Sadegh
Published: June 2022

Oral illnesses such as dental caries and gingivitis are frequent. In these kinds of infection, the bacteria are thought to use biofilm formation as a pathogenic mechanism. Today, due to the side effects of chemical medications and resistance to antibiotics, the use of probiotics is of great importance as a suitable alternative way for infection treatment. Probiotics have shown favourable properties in terms of maintaining oral health. Kefir, which is made up of complex microbiota mainly Lactobacillus spp., has been suggested as a potential reservoir for probiotic. The present research aimed to isolate and identify lactic acid bacteria from traditional kefir dough as a probiotic that suppresses S. mutans and P. gingivalis growth, biofilm formation, and gene expression. In this study, Lactobacillus spp. was tested for antibacterial (well agar diffusion technique) and antibiofilm (crystal violet assay) properties against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 35668) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (ATCC 33277). Through the use of real-time polymerase chain reaction, we explored whether Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus inhibited expression of Streptococcus mutans genes involved in biofilm formation and stress survival. Additionally, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus dramatically inhibited the expression of gtfB and brpA.
Comparison between diffusion-weighted imaging and post-contrast enhanced T1-weighted sequence in brain MRI of patients with an acute attack of multiple sclerosis and the role of serum vitamin D3 level in its diagnosis
Authors: Nazeri Masoume , Owjfard Maryam , Poursadeghfard Maryam , Ashjazadeh Nahid , Bazrafshan Mehdi , Ghasemi Mahsa , Bazrafshan Hanieh
Published: June 2022

Background and purpose. – Identifying multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions is cornerstone in the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease activity. Application of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) is vital but the alternative use of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and biomarkers is most appropriate when the injection of contrast agents is contraindicated. The present study investigated the possible substitution of CE-MRI with DWI and determined a vitamin D3 cutoff point for MS patients with positive MRI.Materials and Methods. – 5 ml of peripheral venous blood was collected from all patients and DWI and post-contrast T1-weighted MRI were performed on 85 patients with acute attacks of MS from April 2018 to November 2019. Contrast-enhanced lesions were considered the gold standard of activity in MRI in evaluating the relation between CE-MRI and DWI.Results. – The accuracy of CE-MRI was higher (63.5%) compared to DWI (27.1%). Majority of patients (54) showed positive results in CE-MRI. The difference between patients with and without positive CE-MRI was statistically significant in terms of vitamin D3 deficiency (P=0.001). The optimal cutoff of vitamin D3 for CE-MRI positive patients was 23.33 ng/ml with 83.33% sensitivity and 61.29% specificity. Conclusions. – Combination of CE-MRI and DWI yields more positive imaging results; DWI sequence alone, without using T1 with contrast in MRI, is not enough to assess brain lesion activity in patients with MS. Furthermore, vitamin D3 levels of <23.33 ng/ml correlate well with a positive result in CE-MRI where the MS activity is most likely to be present.
De novo or continuation of Intractable Headache with Autonomic Features even after Treatment of Hypophyseal Macroadenoma: Case Series Report
Authors: Togha Mansoureh , Moghadasi Abdoreza Naser , Haghighi Samaneh , Rapoport Alan M. , Motamedi Mahmood
Published: June 2022

Headache is a known complication of the pituitary lesion. Different treatment methods such as surgery and radio-surgery used to treat these tumors, there are some reports of patients in whom preoperative headaches still exist after surgery or de novo postoperative headache started.Here we report 4 cases of headaches under vented transsphenoidal surgery of pituitary lesions. These patients had been referred to the Headache Clinic of Sina Hospital, Tehran, Iran since 2012. Headaches were strictly unilateral, mostly in the left periorbital area, and were accompanied by ipsilateral autonomic features. As these types of headaches were so similar, and no CSF leak, abscess, pneumocephalus, cerebral infection or hemorrhage, meningitis, and hydrocephalus were found for them and they were resistant to different treatment modalities, we considered them to report for more attention.
Bioactivity of an organic farming aid with possible fungistatic properties against some oil palm seedling foliar pathogens
Authors: Obeng Joshua , Agyei-Dwarko Daniel , Teinor Peter , Danso Isaac , Lutuf Hanif , Lekete-Lawson Emmanuella , Ablormeti Fred Kormla , Eddy-Doh Mary Akpe
Published: June 2022

Synthetic fungicides are necessary evil in crop production, their usage cannot be neglected or abandoned but must be alternated/supplemented with other control measures such as cultural, host resistance and biocontrol methods to reduce their detrimental effect on the environment and living organisms. A bioproduct (wood vinegar) was evaluated against oil palm seedling pathogens at CSIR – Oil Palm Research Institute, Kusi at different concentrations and compared with an inorganic fungicide at the manufacturer’s recommended dosage. Disease pathogens were isolated from collected diseased leaf samples and pure cultures were established on cPDA. PDA was amended with wood vinegar ranging from 0 to 3.35% and 0.1%v/v of carbendazim as a positive control. Daily colony growth was measured in two diagonal lengths and averages of day 6 and day 7 were used to calculate the inhibition percentage for both pathogens. 11 mm/day was the lowest average growth rate recorded for 2.68% v/v of wood vinegar and 14.17 mm/day on control plate of Curvularia species. There was no significant difference between 0.1%v/v carbendazim, 2.68 and 3.35% v/v against Curvularia species whilst significantly, there was difference between 0.1%v/v carbendazim and 2.68 and 3.35%v/v of wood vinegar against Pestalotiopsis species.
The Naturalized Vascular Flora of Malesia
Authors: Holmes Rachael , Pelser Pieter , Barcelona Julie , Tjitrosoedirdjo Sri Sudarmiyati , Wahyuni Indah , Kleunen Mark van , Pyšek Petr , Essl Franz , Kreft Holger , Dawson Wayne , Wijedasa Lahiru , Kortz Alessandra , Hejda Martin , Berrio Juan Carlos , Siregar Iskandar , Williams Mark
Published: June 2022

Major regional gaps exist in the reporting and accessibility of naturalized plant species distribution data, especially within Asia. Here, we present the Malesian Naturalized Alien Flora database (MalNAF), the first standardized island-group level checklist of naturalized vascular plant species for the Malesian phytogeographical region. We used MalNAF to investigate the composition, origins, and habitat preferences of the naturalized flora, as well as potential drivers of taxonomic species richness across the archipelago. The naturalized vascular flora of Malesia consists of at least 1,345 species. Richness is highest in Singapore (569 spp.) and lowest in the Maluku Islands (87 spp.). Across the archipelago, 32 species are widespread, occurring in every island group, but the majority have a limited distribution of 2.3 ± 2.2 island groups per naturalized species. The naturalized plant species are representatives of 163 families, twenty of which are newly introduced to the region. Families richest in naturalized plant species in Malesia were Fabaceae (= Leguminosae) (171 spp.), Poaceae (= Gramineae) (160 spp.), and Asteraceae (= Compositae) (103 spp.). Overall, most of these have a native range that includes tropical Asia, closely followed by those with a range in Southern America, although at the island-group level, most have a higher proportion with a Southern American native range. Most naturalized species occur in anthropogenic habitats, but a few occur in specialised habitats. Human population density was the most significant driver of naturalized richness in Malesia. MalNAF provides a baseline for future studies of naturalized plant species distributions in the region.
A search to reducing Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth propagation using plant aqueous extracts with bio-herbicide properties on the seeds in vitro
Authors: SAWADOGO-ILBOUDO Tinkoudougou Cathérine , YONLI Djibril , SOURABIE Soumaïla , ZERBO Patrice , TRAORE Hamidou , BOUSSIM Joseph Issaka
Published: June 2022

Background
The genus Striga includes 11 parasitic plants species of food crops in at least 50 African countries. Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. is a major biotic constraint to the cereal crops production in Africa. It is the most widespread species in fields in Burkina Faso and grows on all types of soil inducing losses estimated at 35–40% on sorghum and millet. The significant reductions in yields result in insufficient food for the populations.
Methods
This study aims to identify local plants with bio-herbicidal properties for the management of Striga hermonthica. The inhibiting and stimulating effect of aqueous extracts from 13 local plant species on the germination of Striga seeds was assessed in vitro.
Results
The aqueous extracts from the leaves of Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Jatropha curcas L., Jatropha gossypiifolia L., Lawsonia inermis L. and those from the leafy stems of Cassia obtusifolia L., Crotalaria retusa L., Phyllanthus amarus L. completely inhibited germination of Striga. However, those from five plants significantly stimulated germination of which the highest germination rate (60%) was recorded with the extract from Euphorbia hirta L. leafy stems.
Conclusions
The plant extracts thus constitute an ecological avenue for Striga. control. Further experiments could lead to the formulation of bio-herbicides against the parasitic plant to improve cereal production while limiting environmental pollution.
Girl Predominance in Trampoline-based Forearm Shaft Fractures and Their Increasing Incidence since 2000
Authors: Stöckell Markus , Pikkarainen Ella , Pokka Tytti , Sinikumpu Juha-Jaakko
Published: June 2022

Background: There are reports of increasing incidence of forearm shaft fractures in children. Their treatment has been preferably nonoperative but surgical fixation has gained popularity due to elastic stable intramedullary nailing. We aimed to study whether the incidence of paediatric both-bone forearm shaft fractures and their operative care have changed since year 2000. We also aimed to evaluate trampoline injuries, and other injuries, re-displacement rate and short-term outcomes of these fractures.Methods: A population-based study in the geographic catchment area of Oulu University Hospital district in 20-years of time period (2000 – 2019) was performed. Altogether 481 diaphyseal both-bone forearm fractures in children (<16 years) were included. The age- and sex-related incidence rates were determined, by using the official numbers of the population-in-risk by Statistics Finland. Trampoline jumping and other types of injury were reviewed, as well as particulars of treatment and outcomes. Results: The incidence of diaphyseal both-bone forearm fractures increased from 9.4/100 000 in 2000-2001 to 41.7/100 000 in 2018-2019 (P<0.001). Surgical treatment increased respectively (from 8.8/100 000 in 2000-2001 to 35.3/100 000 in 2018-2019, P<0.0001). Trampoline injuries explained one in three (29%) of all fractures; they increased from 0% in 2000-2001 to 36.6% in 2018-2019 (P<0.001). During the last four years of the study (2016-2019), most trampoline-related injuries occurred among girls (61.2%), compared to boys (38.8%) (P=0.031). Trampoline-related injuries comprised 46.9% of all fractures in girls, compared to 26.0% among boys (Diff. 20.8%, 4.7% to 36.1%, P=0.009). The mean age of the patients elevated from 6.4 years (2000-2001) to 8.6 years (2018-2019) (P=0.015). Boys predominated (69.6%) in 2000-2009 but during the last ten years, there was no statistical difference in distribution between the genders (males 54.6%, P=0.11).Conclusions: During the twenty-year’s of study period, the incidence of paediatric diaphyseal forearm fractures increased 4.9-fold. Trampolining was the most usual reason for the fractures. More attention should be focused to increase the safety of trampoling, in particular among the girls.
Macroscopic and multiple metastases in sentinel lymph node biopsy are respectively associated with poor prognosis in early oral cancer
Authors: Kondo Takahito , Tsukahara Kiyoaki , Kawakita Daisuke , Yoshimoto Seiichi , Miura Kouki , Sugasawa Masashi , Chikamatsu Kazuaki , Matsuzuka Takashi , Oze Isao , Kitamura Morimasa , Murakami Yoshiko , Otozai Shinji , Shinozaki Takeshi , Ohba Shinichi , Araki Koji , Mizumachi Takatsugu , Sato Dai , Wakisaka Naohiro , Hirakawa Hitoshi , Hasegawa Yasuhisa
Published: June 2022

A multicenter, randomized controlled phase III trial was conducted on sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and elective neck dissection for T1 (depth of invasion ≥ 4 mm)-T2N0M0 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. This study identified factors associated with poor prognosis in patients who underwent SLNB based on a subgroup analysis of this trial. We analyzed 418 sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) from 132 patients who underwent SLNB. The metastatic SLNs were classified into three categories based on size—isolated tumor cells: <0.2 mm, micrometastasis: ≥0.2 mm and < 2 mm, and macrometastasis: ≥2 mm. Three groups were formed based on the number of metastatic SLNs: no metastasis, 1 metastatic node, and ≥ 2 metastatic nodes. The size and number of metastatic SLNs on survival was evaluated using Cox proportional hazard models. Patients with macrometastasis and ≥ 2 metastatic SLNs had worse overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) after adjustment for potential confounders (HR for OS: macrometastasis, 4.85; 95% CI: 1.34–17.60; ≥2 metastatic SLN, 3.63; 95% CI: 1.02–12.89; HR for DFS: macrometastasis, 2.94; 95% CI: 1.16–7.44; ≥2 metastatic SLN, 2.97; 95% CI: 1.18–7.51). In patients who underwent SLNB, a poorer prognosis was associated with macrometastasis or having ≥ 2 metastatic SLNs.
Urbanization and plant diversity influence different aspects of floral phenology
Authors: Sexton Aaron N. , Benton Sarah , Emery Sarah M.
Published: June 2022

Plant phenologies can shift as global temperatures rise and landscapes become human dominated. Some of the most pronounced shifts in phenologies have been documented in urban areas, where surface temperatures can reach 5–7℃ warmer than surrounding rural areas. In this study, we examined how floral phenology—the initiation, peak, and duration of floral events — shifted in grasslands across an urbanization gradient in Louisville, Kentucky, a city with one of the most severe urban heat islands in the US. Our objectives were to understand 1) how urbanization influences floral phenology 2) if high-quality habitats with increased habitat patch size and plant richness could offset some effects of urbanization, and 3) if species responses varied across seasons. We found that average first date of flowering and peak abundance date occurred 1–2 weeks earlier in urban compared to rural areas. However, we found that floral duration was longest in sites with high plant richness, regardless of urbanization. We also found that summer-flowering species increased their floral duration in urban areas while spring and fall-flowering species shortened theirs. These differences in seasonal responses lead to an “urban summer spillage” effect where summer-flowering species are able to move into the temporal niche of spring and fall species in urban habitat patches. These shifts could lead to a reshuffling of communities and novel plant-plant competitive interactions or plant-animal interactions in the urban core, with lasting implications for urban conservation.
Evaluation of Corneal Tomographic, Densitometric and Aberrometric Features Following Accelerated Corneal Cross-Linking in progressive keratoconus
Authors: Mohebbi Masoumeh , Samavat Bijan , Mohammadi Abbas
Published: June 2022

Background: To evaluate the 12 months changes in tomographic, densitometric, and aberrometric parameters in keratoconic eyes after accelerated corneal cross-linking (CCL) and classify densitometric course in different stages of the keratoconus separately (Mild, moderate and severe).Methods: In a prospective observational study, 67 keratoconic eyes of 67 patients that underwent accelerated epithelium-off corneal cross-linking (9 mW/cm2 and 10 minutes) for treatment of progressive keratoconus were included. Corneal tomographic, densitometric, and aberrometric values obtained using the Pentacam HR were recorded at the baseline and 3, 6 and 12 months post-operatively. Result: One year after treatment, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was improved and maximum keratometry, thinnest pachymetry, higher order and total Root Mean Square (RMS) were significantly decreased. (p<0.001) Corneal densitometry values showed a significant elevation 3 months post-surgery compared to baseline and then decreases to baseline values at 1 year. Only the Anterior 0-2 mm zone densitometry at third month was different between three groups. RMS at 1 year had correlation with Anterior 0-2 mm, Anterior 2-6 mm, total corneal 0-2 mm and total corneal 2-6 mm densitometry values at third month. Final CDVA at 12th month follow up correlated with the Anterior 0-2 mm corneal densitometry on third month.Conclusion: Anterior 0-2 mm zone densitometry at third month post accelerated CCL can be used to detect different staging of keratoconus. Due to correlation between final aberrometric and peak densitometric values in keratoconic eyes, peak densitometric values can be used as a prognostic factor for the final visual outcomes after accelerated CCL.
Effects of Cytoreductive Nephrectomy on Nivolumab Outcomes in Patients with Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma: A Retrospective Observational Real-Life Data of Turkish Oncology Group
Authors: Ocak Birol , Sahin Ahmet Bilgehan , Ertürk Ismail , Korkmaz Mustafa , Erdem Dilek , Cakıroglu Umut , Karaca Mustafa , Dirican Ahmet , Olmez Omer Fatih , Aydın Sabin Göktaş , Gökyer Ali , Küçükarda Ahmet , Gülmez Ahmet , Yumuk Perran Fulden , Demircan Nazim Can , Oyman Abdilkerim , Sakalar Teoman , Karataş Fatih , Demir Hacer , Yasin Ayse Irem , Deligönül Adem , Dakiki Bahar , Goktug Mehmet Refik , Avcı Okan , Tacar Seher Yildiz , Turhal Nazım Serdar , Deniz Gulhan Ipek , Kacan Turgut , Cubukcu Erdem , Evrensel Türkkan
Published: June 2022

Renal cell carcinoma is the fourteenth most common cancer in the world with a male to female ratio of 2:1, and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common histological subtype. Nivolumab is preferred as subsequent therapy in patients with metastatic ccRCC who show progress after at least one line of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents. For several decades, removal of the primary tumor, called cytoreductive nephrectomy, was the cornerstone in the treatment of newly diagnosed metastatic ccRCC. There is limited information about how cytoreductive nephrectomy affects survival outcomes in metastatic ccRCC patients treated with nivolumab. In our study, we aimed to investigate the effect of cytoreductive nephrectomy on nivolumab survival outcomes in metastatic ccRCC patients. Our study included 106 de novo metastatic ccRCC patients with a history of nephrectomy at the time of diagnosis from 20 oncology centers in the Turkish Oncology Group. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to investigate the factors affecting survival in patients receiving nivolumab. The median age of the patients was 60.0 (minimum 18.7-maximum 79.2) years. Eighty-three (78.3%) of the patients had undergone cytoreductive nephrectomy. The median overall survival (OS) of the patients receiving nivolumab was 22.7 months (95% CI 16.1–29.3), and the median time-to-treatment discontinuation (TTD) was 12.0 months (95% CI 8.7–15.3). In the multivariate analysis, cytoreductive nephrectomy (p = 0.011) and the International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium (IMDC) risk score (p = 0.024) were among the significant factors affecting TTD, and the IMDC risk score (p = 0.006) was among the significant factors affecting OS. Our study showed that TTD of nivolumab was longer in metastatic ccRCC patients treated with cytoreductive nephrectomy and progressed after at least one line of anti-VEGF agents.
Exploring factors influencing risky behaviors in patients with bipolar disorders using logistic regression model
Authors: Tan Wenyan , He Zhen-fan , Luo Yong-xin , Chen Weiye , Zeng Hong-hao , Luo Jianfeng , Zhong Jiamin , Weng Heng , Lin Haicheng , Chen Xin-lin
Published: June 2022

Purpose
To build a predictive model for predicting risky behaviors of the bipolar disorders (BD) patients in the Guangdong during years 2010–2020; and to explore the specific influencing factors of risky behaviors.
Methods
Data of BD patients was acquired from the Guangdong Mental Health Center Network Medical System (GDMHS). The data was randomly divided into a primary cohort and a validation cohort. Social-demographic and clinic factors in the primary cohort were screened using univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression model to identify factors associated with risky behaviors. And then, the statistically significant factors were utilized to develop a predictive model. The data of the validation cohort was utilized to the above predictive model for verifying the degree of fit of this model.
Results
The prevalence of risky behaviors of BD was 2%. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that related factors for risky behaviors of BD mainly contained poverty, younger age, terrible sleeping status, worse treatment effect, lacking of insight of BD, poor medication compliance, moodiness and history of adverse drug reaction.
Conclusion
The model, based on clinical and socio-demographic factors, provides some usability as a prediction scheme. In addition, the model can also be combined with other diagnostic evidences, such as the brain imaging, genetics and the blood-based biomarker to develop more complete and multi-omics models in future.
Agent-based model using GPS analysis for infection spread and inhibition mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 in Tokyo
Authors: Murakami Taishu , Sakuragi Shunsuke , Deguchi Hiroshi , Nakata Masaru
Published: June 2022

Analyzing the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic outbreak based on actual data while reflecting the characteristics of the real city provides beneficial information for taking reasonable infection control measures in the future. We demonstrate agent-based modeling for Tokyo based on GPS information and official national statistics and perform a spatiotemporal analysis of the infection situation in Tokyo. As a result of the simulation during the first wave of SARS-CoV-2 in Tokyo using real GPS data, the infection occurred in the service industry, such as restaurants, in the city center, and then the infected people brought back the virus to the residential area; the infection spread in each area in Tokyo. This phenomenon clarifies that the spread of infection can be curbed by suppressing going out or strengthening infection prevention measures in service facilities. It was shown that pandemic measures in Tokyo could be achieved not only by strong control, such as the lockdown of cities, but also by thorough infection prevention measures in service facilities, which explains the curb phenomena in real Tokyo.
Genetic diversity analysis of different populations of Lutjanus kasmira based on SNP markers
Authors: Zhao Fangcao , Guo Liang , Zhang Nan , Yang Jingwen , Zhu Kecheng , Liu Baosuo , Guo Huayang , Liu Bo , Zhang Dianchang , Jiang Shigui
Published: June 2022

Lutjanus kasmira belongs to family Lutjanidae. Over the past 20 years, the L. kasmira population in the South China Sea has been shrinking due to climate change, pressure from human activities and inadequate food supplies. Moreover, the allometric factors of this species show interannual variation and seasonal fluctuations. The ratio of females to males is increasing annually, the proportion of sexually mature individuals and body length at sexual maturity have decreased continuously, and the mean feeding intensity and fattening degree have decreased gradually. In this study, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data obtained from restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) were used to assess the genetic diversity of L. kasmira in Zhubi Dao (ZB) and Meiji Dao (MJ). The genome-wide nucleotide diversity (π) of the ZB population and MJ population was 0.02478 and 0.02154, respectively. The inbreeding coefficient (Fis) of the ZB population and MJ population was − 0.18729 and 0.03256, respectively. The genetic differentiation (Fst) between the ZB and MJ subpopulations was 0.00255102. The expected heterozygosity (He) of individuals from ZB and MJ was 0.33585 and 0.22098, respectively. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) of individuals from the ZB population and MJ population was 0.46834 and 0.23103, respectively. Although the ZB and MJ populations did not show significant genetic differences, genetic differentiation between them was confirmed using population structure, phylogenetic, and principal component analyses. These results indicated that the genetic diversity of the ZB and MJ populations was relatively low at the genome level, and their genetic differences were small.
First-principles study of optical properties of armchair graphene nanoribbons with divacancy defect
Authors: Song Yu-Ling , Lu Dao-Bang , Huang Xiao-Yu , Yang Yong-Ju
Published: June 2022

Using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory, we systematically studied the electronic structures and optical properties of armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs) with divacancy defects. We found that the structure of the nanoribbon was reorganized either as a parallel oriented divacancy or a sloping oriented one, and a defect state appeared in the band structure. In the low frequency region, the optical constants were anisotropic. Compared to the optical constant of the perfect AGNR, for the sloping- and parallel-oriented divacancy defects, the imaginary parts of the dielectric functions exhibited obvious red and blue shift, respectively.
A novel glutamine metabolism-related gene signature for prognostic prediction in patients with lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jiang Lingyu , Wen Zhaoke , Baijun Li , zhong Yonglong
Published: June 2022

Background
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the major non-small-cell lung cancer pathological subtype with poor prognosis worldwide. Glutamine metabolism (GM) plays an important role in tumor development and progression. Herein, we aimed to construct a GM-associated prognostic gene signature to predict survival in patients with LUAD.
Methods
The gene expression profiles of patients with LUAD were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and two independent datasets for validation were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). 41 GM-related genes were downloaded from the previous literatures and used to establish GM-related risk model (names as Score). The prognostic GM-associated gene signatures were identified using univariate Cox and LASSO analyses. Kaplan-Meier and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to validate the predictive efficacy of the prognostic signatures. The correlation between the GMScore and tumor-infiltrated immune cells was evaluated using CIBERSORTx analysis. A nomogram was used to predict the survival probability of LUAD based on GMScore.
Results
We constructed a prognostic signature comprising 7 GM-related genes (AMDHD1, GAPDH, GCLC, GLS2, HAL, SLC38A2, SLC7A5). The Kaplan-Meier curves validated the reliable predictive ability of the prognostic signature in TCGA and two GEO datasets (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, and p = 0.003, respectively). The area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC curves validated the predictive accuracy of the risk model. We constructed a nomogram to predict the survival probability of LUAD, and the calibration curves showed well predictive accuracy. Finally, functional analysis also revealed distinct immune status between high and low GMScore groups in LUAD.
Conclusion
Our study constructed a GM-related gene signature, and indicated that GMScore could serve as a novel biomarker for predicting patients' survival in LUAD.