bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of artificial intelligence algorithms in information systems research: a conceptual overview and avenues for research
Authors: Bendig David , Bräunche Antonio
Published: June 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has made remarkable progress in the past decade. Despite the plethora of AI research, we lack an accrued overview of the extent to which management research uses AI algorithms. The context, purpose, and type of AI used in previous work remain unknown, though this information is critical to coordinating, extending, and strengthening the use of AI. We address this knowledge gap with a systematic literature review (SLR), focusing on 12 leading information systems (IS) journals and leveraging a customized generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) in our analyses. We propose a conceptual framework comprising eight dimensions to categorize our findings in terms of application areas, methods, and algorithms of applied AI, mitigating the lack of a concise AI taxonomy. Thus, we identify and discuss trends, outline underrepresented algorithms with significant potential, and derive research avenues. We extend the literature with a conceptual overview that may serve as a building block for theory building and further exploration of the evolving AI research domain.
Hypoxia Promotes the Stemness of Mesangiogenic Progenitor Cells and Prevents Osteogenic but not Angiogenic Differentiation
Authors: Burzi Irene Sofia , Parchi Paolo Domenico , Barachini Serena , Pardini Eleonora , Sardo Infirri Gisella , Montali Marina , Petrini Iacopo
Published: June 2024

The stem cell niche in the bone marrow is a hypoxic environment, where the low oxygen tension preserves the pluripotency of stem cells. We have identified mesangiogenic progenitor cells (MPC) exhibiting angiogenic and mesenchymal differentiation capabilities in vitro. The effect of hypoxia on MPC has not been previously explored. In this study, MPCs were isolated from volunteers' bone marrow and cultured under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions (3% O2). MPCs maintained their characteristic morphology and surface marker expression (CD18 + CD31 + CD90-CD73-) under hypoxia. However, hypoxic conditions led to reduced MPC proliferation in primary cultures and hindered their differentiation into mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) upon exposure to differentiative medium. First passage MSCs derived from MPC appeared unaffected by hypoxia, exhibiting no discernible differences in proliferative potential or cell cycle. However, hypoxia impeded the subsequent osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, as evidenced by decreased hydroxyapatite deposition. Conversely, hypoxia did not impact the angiogenic differentiation potential of MPCs, as demonstrated by spheroid-based assays revealing comparable angiogenic sprouting and tube-like formation capabilities under both hypoxic and normoxic conditions. These findings indicate that hypoxia preserves the stemness phenotype of MPCs, inhibits their differentiation into MSCs, and hampers their osteogenic maturation while leaving their angiogenic potential unaffected. Our study sheds light on the intricate effects of hypoxia on bone marrow-derived MPCs and their differentiation pathways.

Graphical Abstract
Diagnostic value of immune-related biomarker FAM83A in differentiating malignant from benign pleural effusion in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Hangfeng , Yao Jia , Liu Yulan , Wu Liping , Tan Zhiwei , Hu Jie , Chen Shigao , Zhang Xiaolin , Cheng Shuanghua
Published: June 2024

Background

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is frequently observed in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Pleural fluid cytology is a less invasive procedure compared to pleural biopsy. Therefore, it is crucial to identify novel effective biomarkers for LUAD-associated pleural fluid cytology.

Methods

The RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and clinical data of LUAD cases were downloaded from TCGA and OncoSG databases. Differential gene expression analysis, survival analysis and immune cell infiltration analysis were performed on the LUAD datasets. The expression levels of FAM83A, TFF-1, and NapsinA in 94 paired LUAD and adjacent normal tissues, and in the pleural effusion specimens of 40 LUAD and 21 non-neoplastic patients were evaluated by immunohistochemistry.

Results

FAM83A expression levels were significantly different between the LUAD and normal tissue datasets, and correlated with overall or disease-free survival, and histological grade of the tumors. Furthermore, the in-situ expression of FAM83A was higher in 89/94 LUAD tissues compared to the paired normal tissues. FAM83A expression was significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration, and showed a positive association with macrophage infiltration. In addition, FAM83A staining was positive in 37 LUAD pleural effusion samples, and negative in 20 non-neoplastic pleural effusion samples. The expression pattern of FAM83A in the pleural effusion of LUAD patients was relatively consistent with that of TFF-1 and NapsinA, and even stronger in some specimens that were weakly positive or negative for TTF1/NapsinA.

Conclusions

FAM83A is a promising immune-related biomarker in LUAD biopsy specimens and pleural fluid, and can distinguish between malignant and benign pleural effusion.
Odour and indoor air quality hazards in railway cars: an Australian mixed methods case study
Authors: Chandra Shaneel , Bricknell Lisa , Makiela Sandrine , Bruce Sherie , Naweed Anjum
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This case study aimed to diagnose the cause(s) of a seasonal, and objectionable odour reported by travellers and drivers in the railway cars of Australian passenger trains. The research questions were to: (1) identify whether significant microbial colonisation was present within the air handling system of trains and causing the odours; to (2) identify other potential sources and; (3) remedial options for addressing the issue.

Methods

A mixed-methods, action research design was used adopted. Sections of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems from odour-affected trains were swabbed for bacteria and fungi and examined for evidence of wear, fatigue and damage on-site and off-site. Insulation foam material extracted from the walls of affected trains was also subjected to a chemical assessment following exposure to varying humidity and temperature conditions in a climate simulator. This was accompanied by a qualitative sensory characterisation.

Results

Upon exposure to a variety of simulated temperature and humidity combinations to recreate the odour, volatile chemical compounds released from the insulation foam by water were identified as its likely cause. In addition, a range of potentially serious pathogenic and odour-causing microbes were cultured from the HVAC systems, although it is considered unlikely that bacterial colonies were the odour source.

Conclusion

The research has implications for the sanitising and maintenance policies for HVAC systems on public transport, especially when operating in humid environments. The sanitary imposition, especially in the wake of COVID-19 may be required to ensure the safety of the travelling public and drivers.
Guideline to Asses Geometrical Intolerance of Thin-Walled Blanks After Burnishing Process
Authors: Teimouri Reza
Published: June 2024

Application of lightweight material like aluminum alloy is increasing its importance in various industries due to effective reduction of structure weight and sequential advantages like reduction of greenhouse gas emission and carbon footprint. However, deflection of aluminum thin-walled blank during production by machining is a challenge that merits further studies. Burnishing as a non-metal removal finish-machining process is usually used as a final treatment in the production chain of samples. However, in burnishing of thin-walled structure, machining-induced residual stress causes dimensional and geometrical distortion followed by problems in manufacturing accuracy and mismatch in assembly. Therefore, to minimize the consequence of the abovementioned errors, the source of the distortion should be identified and minimized during machining since usually no further operation is placed in the production chain after burnishing. To effectively tackle this challenge, in the present study an analytical model is developed to find how the burnishing process factors i.e. pass number and static force together with initial blank size impact the distortion of thin-walled 6061-T6 plates. The curvatures which were derived from analytical model were compared to those of burnished samples measured by coordinate measuring machine. It was found from the results that the burnishing pass number because of its impact on work hardening and regeneration of stress together with blank size play crucial role on determining the sample’s distortion. It was obtained that with 2 pass burnishing results in minimizing the distortion of material. Moreover, the blank’s length to width ratio due to its impact on material stiffness in corresponding direction significantly impacts the deformation after unclamping. The results which were derived from analytical model were compatible well with experimental values in term of final distribution of residual stress and maximum height of distorted parts.
Unveiling the Shadows: An Exploratory Analysis of Perceived Disadvantages in Intimate Relationships
Authors: Apostolou Menelaos , Iniati Eleni , Charalambous Andrea , Zalaf Alexia , Kagialis Antonios
Published: June 2024

Intimate relationships are not characterized only by advantages as they have also a darker side. Accordingly, the current research aimed to identify the disadvantages of being in an intimate relationship in the Greek cultural context. More specifically, Study 1 employed qualitative research methods with a sample of 202 Greek-speaking participants, identifying 94 possible disadvantages. Study 2 employed quantitative research methods with a sample of 525 Greek-speaking participants and classified these disadvantages into 11 broader factors or major disadvantages and three broader domains or primary disadvantages. Participants indicated "Conflicts" as the most important primary disadvantage, followed by the "Emotional burden" and the "Compromises" primary disadvantages. Furthermore, we found that women indicated abusive behaviors, economic dependency, and less freedom factors as more important major disadvantages than men. Additionally, older participants reported making compromises as a more important major disadvantage than younger participants. Moreover, single participants rated several major disadvantages as more important than participants in an intimate relationship. Overall, our study sheds light on the less favorable aspects of intimate relationships and highlights important sex, age, and relationship status differences in perceiving these disadvantages.
Multi-layered metabolic effects of trehalose on the liver proteome in apoE-knockout mice model of liver steatosis
Authors: Pogoda Weronika , Koczur Jakub , Stachowicz Aneta , Madej Józef , Olszanecki Rafał , Suski Maciej
Published: June 2024

Background

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease has been well documented as a key independent risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. A growing body of evidence suggests that due to its numerous favorable molecular effects, trehalose may exert beneficial effects in counteracting liver steatosis. In our previous study, we described the antiatherosclerotic and antisteatotic properties of trehalose, which we attributed to the induction of autophagy. Considering the pleiotropic activities of trehalose, our present study aimed to extend our preliminary results with the comprehensive examination of proteome-wide changes in the livers of high-fat-fed apoE-/- mice.

Methods

Thus, we applied modern, next-generation proteomic methodology to comprehensively analyze the effects of trehalose on the alterations of liver proteins in apoE-/- mice.

Results

Our proteomic analysis showed that the administration of trehalose elicited profound changes in the liver proteome of apoE-/- mice. The collected data allowed the identification and quantitation of 3 681 protein groups of which 129 were significantly regulated in the livers of trehalose-treated apoE-/- mice.

Conclusions

The presented results are the first to highlight the effects of disaccharide on the induction of proteins mainly related to the metabolism and elimination of lipids, especially by peroxisomal β-oxidation. Our study provides evidence for the pleiotropic activity of trehalose, extending our initial observations of its potential mechanisms responsible for mitigating of liver steatosis, which paves the way for new pharmacological strategies in fatty liver disease.
Efficiency increased advanced oxidation processes by persalts for the elimination of pharmaceuticals in waterbodies: a short review
Authors: Voigt Melanie , Jaeger Martin
Published: June 2024

To achieve complete elimination of anthropogenic micropollutants in aquatic environments, advanced oxidation processes are intensively researched as remedies and potential advanced purification stages in wastewater treatment facilities. Persalts, like persulfates, percarbonates and periodates, have been investigated as potential accelerators or enhancers of these processes. This short review provides an overview of the efficiency of the persalts demonstrated for the degradation of the seven most frequently occurring pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment: carbamazepine, ciprofloxacin, diclofenac, ibuprofen, metoprolol, paracetamol and sulfamethoxazole. While persulfates were the most commonly used, all persalts increase the effectiveness of the degradation of the pharmaceutical contaminants by increasing the formation of hydroxyl radicals, especially in the case of sodium percarbonate. Persalts are efficiently activated through UVC irradiation. The generated hydroxyl radicals are the main factor for product formation and hence dominate the chemical structures of the transformation products. From the ecotoxicological perspective, the use of persalts causes little or no hazard, if the conditions are such that acidification can be neglected. While they are transformed to stable anions on reaction, the resulting transformation products of the anthropogenic micropollutants were predicted by quantitative structure activity relation analysis to possess lower ecotoxicity than the initial drugs.
The effect of biochar on crop productivity and soil salinity and its dependence on experimental conditions in salt-affected soils: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Baolin , Yang Heng , Li Siyuan , Tao Jun
Published: June 2024

Biochar can significantly alter soil properties and therefore can play an important role in increasing the resilience of agricultural systems to salt conditions. To match biochar to salt-affected soil constraints and application needs, a thorough understanding of the impact of biochar, soil properties and experimental conditions on crop productivity and soil salinity is necessary. This meta-analysis (MA) of the available literature for the first time quantitatively assessed the effect of not only biochar applied to salt-affected soils but also that of different salt-affected soil properties on crop productivity and soil salinity. The results showed that biochar was most effective at improving crop productivity in salt-affected soils, with an application rate ranging from 40–50 t/ha, a C/N ratio ranging from 40–60, a pyrolysis temperature ranging from 450–550 °C and a pH ranging from 7–8. Biochar with an EC of < 2 mS/cm, an application rate of 20–30 t/ha, a C/N ratio of > 80 t/ha or a pyrolysis temperature of < 450 °C reduced the soil salinity. Regardless of climatic and soil conditions, biochar applied to salt-affected soils increased crop productivity under different climatic conditions. Biochar increased soil salinity under different temperature and soil pH conditions and decreased soil salinity in salt-affected soils treated with all types of salts. Biochar was most effective at improving crop productivity and soil salinity in sulfate-dominated saline soils. Regardless of the planting and management practices, biochar increased crop productivity in salt-affected soils. The combined application of biochar and inorganic fertilizer significantly increased crop productivity and kept soil salinity unchanged. This meta-analysis provides the first quantitative review of the effect of biochar on crop productivity and soil salinity in salt-affected soils, which is critical for developing engineered biochar to restore salt-affected soils and promote food security.

Graphical Abstract
The Dynamics of the India‐Eurasia Collision: Faulted Viscous Continuum Models Constrained by High‐Resolution Sentinel‐1 InSAR and GNSS Velocities
Authors: Fang Jin , Houseman Gregory A. , Wright Tim J. , Evans Lynn A. , Craig Tim J. , Elliott John R. , Hooper Andy
Published: June 2024

The distribution and magnitude of forces driving lithospheric deformation in the India‐Eurasia collision zone have been debated over many decades. Here we test a two‐dimensional (2‐D) Thin Viscous Shell approach that has been adapted to explicitly account for displacement on major faults and investigate the impact of lateral variations in depth‐averaged lithospheric strength. We present a suite of dynamic models to explain the key features from new high‐resolution Sentinel‐1 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar as well as Global Navigation Satellite System velocities. Comparisons between calculated and geodetically observed velocity and strain rate fields indicate: (a) internal buoyancy forces from Gravitational Potential Energy acting on a relatively weak region of highest topography (>2,000 m) contribute to dilatation of the high plateau and contraction on the margins; (b) a weak central Tibetan Plateau (∼1021 Pa s compared to far‐field depth‐averaged effective viscosity of at least 1022–1023 Pa s) is required to explain the observed long‐wavelength eastward velocity variation; (c) localized displacement on fault systems enables strain concentration and clockwise rotation around the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis. We discuss the tectonic implications for rheology of the lithosphere, distribution of geodetic strain, and partitioning of active faulting and seismicity.
Early reappearance of intraclonal proliferative subpopulations in ibrutinib-resistant chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Pozzo Federico , Forestieri Gabriela , Vit Filippo , Ianna Giulia , Tissino Erika , Bittolo Tamara , Papotti Robel , Gaglio Annalisa , Terzi di Bergamo Lodovico , Steffan Agostino , Polesel Jerry , Bulian Pietro , Laureana Roberta , Tafuri Agostino , Chiarenza Annalisa , Di Raimondo Francesco , Olivieri Jacopo , Zaja Francesco , Laurenti Luca , Del Principe Maria Ilaria , Postorino Massimiliano , Del Poeta Giovanni , Bomben Riccardo , Zucchetto Antonella , Rossi Davide , Gattei Valter
Published: June 2024

The Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib represents an effective strategy for treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), nevertheless about 30% of patients eventually undergo disease progression. Here we investigated by flow cytometry the long-term modulation of the CLL CXCR4dim/CD5bright proliferative fraction (PF), its correlation with therapeutic outcome and emergence of ibrutinib resistance. By longitudinal tracking, the PF, initially suppressed by ibrutinib, reappeared upon early disease progression, without association with lymphocyte count or serum beta-2-microglobulin. Somatic mutations of BTK/PLCG2, detected in 57% of progressing cases, were significantly enriched in PF with a 3-fold greater allele frequency than the non-PF fraction, suggesting a BTK/PLCG2-mutated reservoir resident within the proliferative compartments. PF increase was also present in BTK/PLCG2-unmutated cases at progression, indicating that PF evaluation could represent a marker of CLL progression under ibrutinib. Furthermore, we evidence different transcriptomic profiles of PF at progression in cases with or without BTK/PLCG2 mutations, suggestive of a reactivation of B-cell receptor signaling or the emergence of bypass signaling through MYC and/or Toll-Like-Receptor-9. Clinically, longitudinal monitoring of the CXCR4dim/CD5bright PF by flow cytometry may provide a simple tool helping to intercept CLL progression under ibrutinib therapy.
Highly conductive polymer electrodes for polymer light-emitting diodes
Authors: Xu Jin , Du Ke , Peng Feng , Sun Zhenzhong , Zhong Zhiming , Feng Weiji , Ying Lei
Published: June 2024

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) offer the advantage of flexibility; however, the use of traditional transparent anode ITO limits further extension of their flexible characteristics. In this study, we propose employing an polymer polybenzodifuranedione (PBFDO) as a flexible transparent anode instead of the rigid ITO. To address the issue encountered during the PBFDO solution spin-coating process, we introduced n-butanol into the PBFDO conductive solution to reduce its viscosity and freezing point by modulating intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions. Consequently, high-quality PBFDO films with high conductivity, superior transmittance, and low surface roughness were successfully obtained via spin-coating. Moreover, due to its proper work function, regular molecular stacking, and low refractive index properties, PBFDO electrode facilitate efficient carrier injection and transport as well as photon extraction. The resulting device utilizing a PBFDO anode combined with Super Yellow as the light-emitting layer exhibited excellent performance characteristics including a normal threshold voltage of 2.6 V and a maximum luminous efficiency of 12.8 cd A−1 comparable to that device based on the ITO electrode. Furthermore, flexible device also achieved satisfactory performance (7.7 cd A−1) when using the PEN substrate.
Photodecoration of tungsten oxide nanoparticles onto eggshell as an ultra-fast adsorbent for removal of MB dye pollutant
Authors: Dadashi Reza , Bahram Morteza , Farhadi Khalil , Asadzadeh Zartosht , Hafezirad Javad
Published: June 2024

Nowadays, the use of natural wastes and adsorbents along with their modification by simple and new methods based on metal oxides to remove dye pollutants has been the focus of many researchers. In this study, for the first time, simple and low-cost modification of eggshell (EGS) with tungsten oxide (WO3) based on the photochemical modification method as a green, ultra-fast, cost-effective, and biodegradable adsorbent is reported to remove of methylene blue (MB) dye pollutant. The EGS modified by WO3 was investigated by EDX, EDX mapping, XRD, FE-SEM, and UV–Vis Diffuse Reflectance (DRS) analyses. The obtained results show that the modified EGS by WO3 has more than ten times (78.5%) the ability to remove MB dye pollutant within 3 min compared to bare EGS (11%). Various parameters including dye pollutant pH, dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, and reusability of the WO3/EGS adsorbent for removal of MB dye pollutant were investigated and the result show that the adsorbent capacity of WO3/EGS is 1.64 mg g−1. EGS adsorbent The synthesis of WO3/EGS adsorbent with a novel photochemical method as a fast and very cheap adsorbent with excellent efficiency can be a promising alternative adsorbent for various purposes in removing dye pollutants from water environments.
The Arabidopsis AtSWEET13 transporter discriminates sugars by selective facial and positional substrate recognition
Authors: Weigle Austin T. , Shukla Diwakar
Published: June 2024

Transporters are targeted by endogenous metabolites and exogenous molecules to reach cellular destinations, but it is generally not understood how different substrate classes exploit the same transporter’s mechanism. Any disclosure of plasticity in transporter mechanism when treated with different substrates becomes critical for developing general selectivity principles in membrane transport catalysis. Using extensive molecular dynamics simulations with an enhanced sampling approach, we select the Arabidopsis sugar transporter AtSWEET13 as a model system to identify the basis for glucose versus sucrose molecular recognition and transport. Here we find that AtSWEET13 chemical selectivity originates from a conserved substrate facial selectivity demonstrated when committing alternate access, despite mono-/di-saccharides experiencing differing degrees of conformational and positional freedom throughout other stages of transport. However, substrate interactions with structural hallmarks associated with known functional annotations can help reinforce selective preferences in molecular transport.
Antarctic Blue Ice Areas are hydrologically active, nutrient rich and contain microbially diverse cryoconite holes
Authors: Nowak Aga , Isaksson Elisabeth , Sunde Øyvind , Elvevold Synnøve , Sandven Håkon , Moholdt Geir , Hudson Stephen R. , Urset Anne , Edwards Arwyn , Rassner Sara M. E. , Pearce David , Hamre Børge , Hodson Andrew
Published: June 2024

Antarctica is the coldest, windiest and least inhabited place on Earth. One of its most enigmatic regions is scoured by katabatic winds blue ice that covers 235,000 km2of the Antarctic fringe. Here, we demonstrate that contrary to common belief, high-altitude inland blue ice areas are not dry, nor barren. Instead, they promote sub-surface melting that enables them to become “powerplants” for water, nutrients, carbon and major ions production. Mapping cryoconite holes at an unprecedented scale of 62 km2also revealed a regionally significant resource of dissolved nitrogen, phosphorus (420 kg km−2), dissolved carbon (1323 kg km−2), and major ions (6672 kg km−2). We discovered that unlike on glaciers, creation of cryoconite holes and their chemical signature on the ice sheet is governed by ice movement and bedrock geology. Blue ice areas are near-surface hotspots of microbial life within cryoconite holes. Bacterial communities they support are unexpectedly diverse. We also show that near-surface aquifers can exist in blue ice outside cryoconite holes. Identifying blue ice areas as active ice sheet ecosystems will help us understand the role ice sheets play in Antarctic carbon cycle, development of near-surface drainage system, and will expand our perception of the limits of life.
Natural language processing analysis of the theories of people with multiple sclerosis about causes of their disease
Authors: Haag Christina , Steinemann Nina , Ajdacic-Gross Vladeta , Schlomberg Jonas Tom Thaddäus , Ineichen Benjamin Victor , Stanikić Mina , Dressel Holger , Daniore Paola , Roth Patrick , Ammann Sabin , Calabrese Pasquale , Kamm Christian Philipp , Kesselring Jürg , Kuhle Jens , Zecca Chiara , Puhan Milo Alan , von Wyl Viktor
Published: June 2024

Background

While potential risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS) have been extensively researched, it remains unclear how persons with MS theorize about their MS. Such theories may affect mental health and treatment adherence. Using natural language processing techniques, we investigated large-scale text data about theories that persons with MS have about the causes of their disease. We examined the topics into which their theories could be grouped and the prevalence of each theory topic.

Methods

A total of 486 participants of the Swiss MS Registry longitudinal citizen science project provided text data on their theories about the etiology of MS. We used the transformer-based BERTopic Python library for topic modeling to identify underlying topics. We then conducted an in-depth characterization of the topics and assessed their prevalence.

Results

The topic modeling analysis identifies 19 distinct topics that participants theorize as causal for their MS. The topics most frequently cited are Mental Distress (31.5%), Stress (Exhaustion, Work) (29.8%), Heredity/Familial Aggregation (27.4%), and Diet, Obesity (16.0%). The 19 theory topics can be grouped into four high-level categories: physical health (mentioned by 56.2% of all participants), mental health (mentioned by 53.7%), risk factors established in the scientific literature (genetics, Epstein-Barr virus, smoking, vitamin D deficiency/low sunlight exposure; mentioned by 47.7%), and fate/coincidence (mentioned by 3.1%). Our study highlights the importance of mental health issues for theories participants have about the causes of their MS.

Conclusions

Our findings emphasize the importance of communication between healthcare professionals and persons with MS about the pathogenesis of MS, the scientific evidence base and mental health.
Visualizing nanoscale heterogeneity in perylene thin films via tip-enhanced photoluminescence with unsupervised machine learning
Authors: Valencia-Acuna Pavel , Rijal Kushal , Wang Chih-Feng , Ziatdinov Maxim , Chan Wai-Lun , El-Khoury Patrick Z.
Published: June 2024

Excitons in organic thin films vary on the nanometer length scale.
Porous organic crystals crosslinked by free-radical reactions
Authors: Samanta Krishanu , Mi Jiashan , Chen Albert D. , Li Fangzhou , Staples Richard J. , Rossini Aaron J. , Ke Chenfeng
Published: June 2024

Olefin-rich hydrogen-bonded crosslinked organic frameworks (HCOFs) were crosslinked via free radical reactions and subsequently converted to a hydroxylated HCOF.
Theoretical investigation of Janus Ti2BST (T = O, Se) monolayers as anode materials for Na/K-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Yanzong , Xie Lili , Huang Rui , Yan Sai , Xie Xingyong , Zhang Qinfang
Published: June 2024

We found that the stable Ti2BSO monolayer has a high theoretical capacity of 691.64/537.75 mA h g−1, a low average open-circuit voltage of 0.439/0.322 V, and a low diffusion barrier of 0.107/0.039 eV in NIBs/KIBs.
Quantitative analysis of charge transfer plasmons in silver nanocluster dimers using semiempirical methods
Authors: Sun Qiwei , Ceylan Yavuz S. , Gieseking Rebecca L. M.
Published: June 2024

The CTP and BDP modes of Ag nanocluster dimers have been studied using INDO/CIS. INDO/CIS is capable of predicting the emergence of CTP modes and quantifying the CTP character in Ag dimers at low computational cost.
Enhanced photodetection through a perovskite BaTiO3 dielectric in a Si–MoS2 heterojunction
Authors: Mondal Praloy
Published: June 2024

The present investigation deals with the effect of a BaTiO3 (BTO) dielectric layer on the performance of MoS2/p-Si heterojunction photodetectors.
Interactions of peroxy radicals from monoterpene and isoprene oxidation simulated in the radical volatility basis set
Authors: Schervish Meredith , Heinritzi Martin , Stolzenburg Dominik , Dada Lubna , Wang Mingyi , Ye Qing , Hofbauer Victoria , DeVivo Jenna , Bianchi Federico , Brilke Sophia , Duplissy Jonathan , El Haddad Imad , Finkenzeller Henning , He Xu-Cheng , Kvashnin Aleksander , Kim Changhyuk , Kirkby Jasper , Kulmala Markku , Lehtipalo Katrianne , Lopez Brandon , Makhmutov Vladimir , Mentler Bernhard , Molteni Ugo , Nie Wei , Petäjä Tuuka , Quéléver Lauriane , Volkamer Rainer , Wagner Andrea C. , Winkler Paul , Yan Chao , Donahue Neil M.
Published: June 2024

Isoprene affects new particle formation rates in environments and experiments also containing monoterpenes.
Designing bifunctional perovskite catalysts for the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions
Authors: Beall Casey E. , Fabbri Emiliana , Clark Adam H. , Meier Vivian , Yüzbasi Nur Sena , Graule Thomas , Takahashi Sayaka , Shirase Yuto , Uchida Makoto , Schmidt Thomas J.
Published: June 2024

Design strategies for bifunctional catalysts are verified by investigating the catalysts’ activity and stability under reversible operation, as well as through operando investigation of the catalysts’ oxidation state.
Microfluidic synthesis of hemin@ZIF-8 nanozyme with applications in cellular reactive oxygen species detection and anticancer drug screening
Authors: Wang Yanping , Feng Shujun , Wang Xuyuan , Tao Chungui , Liu Yuta , Wang Yanyi , Gao Yanfeng , Zhao Jinsong , Song Yujun
Published: June 2024

A microfluidic chip featuring zigzag and spiral channels with sudden expansion structures was designed for enhanced reactant mixing to synthesize peroxidase-like hemin@ZIF-8 nanozyme, enabling sensitive ROS detection.
Recent progress in atomically precise metal nanoclusters for photocatalytic application
Authors: Du Yuanxin , Li Chengqi , Dai Yali , Yin Haijiao , Zhu Manzhou
Published: June 2024

This review summarizes the recent progress in atomically precise metal nanoclusters in various photocatalytic applications and highlights the strategy for constructing nanocluster-based heterostructures to improve stability and catalytic activity.
Drug encapsulation and release with a nonionic amphiphilic calix[4]pyrrole
Authors: Mirabolghasemi Mana , Bektas Necla , Sancakli Buse , Dag Aydan , Aydogan Abdullah
Published: June 2024

A nonionic amphiphilic calix[4]pyrrole compound was synthesized and used to prepare stable micelles in water. These micelles were then shown to effectively encapsulate and release doxorubicin under acidic and basic medium.
Regulating the coordination microenvironment of zinc single-atom catalysts to enhance intramolecular hydroamination performance
Authors: Wang Li , Lv Chao , Dou Kecan , Xie Deqiong , Fu Yanghe , Zhang Fumin , Chen De-Li , Zhu Weidong
Published: June 2024

The Zn–N2P site, engineered with optimal electron density, demonstrates superior performance and enhanced reaction kinetics in the intramolecular hydroamination of o-alkynylaniline, outperforming current heterogeneous transition metal catalysts.
Correction: Convergent synthesis of thiodiazole dioxides from simple ketones and amines through an unusual nitrogen-migration mechanism
Authors: Punjajom Kunlayanee , Sinclair Paul P. , Saha Ishika , Seierstad Mark , Ameriks Michael K. , García-Reynaga Pablo , Lebold Terry P. , Sarpong Richmond
Published: June 2024

Correction for ‘Convergent synthesis of thiodiazole dioxides from simple ketones and amines through an unusual nitrogen-migration mechanism’ by Kunlayanee Punjajom et al., Chem. Sci., 2024, 15, 328–335, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3SC04478E.
Single-molecule fluorescence imaging of photocatalytic nanomaterials
Authors: Zhang Shuchi , Fan Deqi , Yan Qingdian , Lu Yi , Wu Donglei , Fu Bing , Zhao Ming
Published: June 2024

Single-molecule fluorescence imaging offers high spatiotemporal resolution and enables quantitative, operando studies of photocatalytic nanomaterials at the single- or sub-particle level.
Current collector-free symmetric μ-supercapacitor based on a ternary composite of graphene, polydopamine and Co3O4
Authors: Bouzina Adnane , Meng René , Pillier Françoise , Perrot Hubert , Debiemme-Chouvy Catherine , Sel Ozlem
Published: June 2024

A nanocomposite of reduced graphene oxide, polydopamine, and Co3O4 was developed via a one-step hydrothermal process, which showed remarkable electrochemical properties, when used as electrodes in a current collector-free μ-supercapacitor device.
Unveiling the effect of growth time on bifunctional layered hydroxide electrodes for high-performance energy storage and green energy conversion
Authors: Das Jyoti Prakash , Nardekar Swapnil Shital , Kesavan Dhanasekar , Bhunia Kousik , Ravichandran Vishwanathan , Kim Sang-Jae
Published: June 2024

Tailoring the properties of transition metal-based layered double hydroxides is inevitable for high-performance energy storage and efficient urea-electro-oxidation reaction (UOR) for effectively harnessing energy from urea-rich wastewater.
Ultrathin sputtered NiO films for enhanced electrochromic performance in smart windows
Authors: Krishna V. S. Ganesha , Ganesha Mukhesh K. , Sarthi J. Chirag , Hakkeem Hafis , Singh Ashutosh K. , Kulkarni Giridhar U.
Published: June 2024

Optimizing ultrathin NiO layers via sputtering to achieve cost-effective and energy-efficient electrochromic smart windows for modern infrastructure and automobile industries.
Edible temperature-responsive-adhesive thermogalvanic hydrogel for self-powered multi-sited fatigue monitoring
Authors: Zhang Xinru , Li Ning , Cui Xiaojing , Li Yu , Wang Zhaosu , Zhuo Kai , Zhang Hulin
Published: June 2024

An edible thermogalvanic gel patch with adaptive adhesion has been invented, which couples thermogalvanic and piezoresistive effects to acquire physiological signals, thereby achieving self-powered accurate surveillance of fatigue status.
Enhancement of heat dissipation in β-Ga2O3 Schottky diodes through Cu-filled thermal vias: experimental and simulation investigations
Authors: You Younghyun , Eom Hui Won , Park Jehwan , Kim Myung Jun , Kim Jihyun
Published: June 2024

Cu-filled thermal through-vias were formed in β-Ga2O3 Schottky diodes using ultraviolet laser drilling and Cu electroplating, where the temperature increase was suppressed by approximately 21% at the power density of 5.7 W mm−3.
Internal State Terms in the Narratives of Bilingual Children With Developmental Language Disorder: The Role of Microstructure and Macrostructure
Authors: Altman Carmit , Fichman Sveta , Perry Noy , Osher Pola , Walters Joel
Published: June 2024

Purpose:

We examined the role of narrative microstructure (production of words and sentences) and narrative macrostructure (organization of events) in the use of internal state terms (ISTs) in narratives of bilingual children with developmental language disorder (DLD) in their school language (SL).

Method:

Fifty-eight Russian–Hebrew bilingual preschool children aged 55–78 months divided into two groups participated: 16 bilingual children diagnosed with bilingual DLD and 42 with typical language development (TLD). Narratives were elicited in SL/Hebrew using the wordless picture book,
Frog, Where Are You?
Narratives were transcribed and coded for frequency of ISTs and classified as perceptual, linguistic, motivational, linguistic, emotional, or physical. ISTs were also examined in terms of their role in microstructure (tokens and types) and macrostructure (Character, Setting, Initiating Event, Internal Response, Plan, Attempt, and Consequence) categories.

Results:

In terms of microstructure, bilingual children with DLD produced fewer word types and tokens in general and fewer perceptual ISTs than bilingual TLD peers. In terms of macrostructure, children with DLD used six out of the seven story grammar elements in their narratives less than bilinguals with TLD. For ISTs and macrostructure, bilinguals with DLD produced fewer linguistic ISTs in Attempts than their peers with TLD.

Conclusions:

Bilingual children with DLD have difficulties in producing ISTs, and this difficulty is shown to be related to both microstructure and macrostructure abilities. Suggestions for clinical intervention are offered to assist children with DLD in producing narratives that involve mental state language related to characters' feelings, intentions, and goals.
Target setting and benchmarking by the possibility of selecting the closest alternative benchmark
Authors: Kameli Mortaza , Daneshian Behrouz , Modarres Khiyabani Farzin , Hosseinzadeh Lotfi Farhad
Published: June 2024

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) stands out from other performance evaluation methods because it focuses on providing benchmarks. Benchmarking plays a vital role in improvement the performance of inefficient units, especially when classical models are combined with managerial perspectives, potentially resulting in a more feasible benchmark or target. Sometimes, choosing certain efficient units in the system as a benchmark and target isn’t feasible from a management standpoint for inefficient units. This happens for various reasons, including the exclusivity of an efficient unit, the outlier status of an efficient unit, insufficient access to resources, or discrepancies with reality. Such units shouldn’t be chosen as benchmark and target for inefficient units within the system. Therefore, disregarding such units in the benchmarking process based on the manager’s preference and opinion can contribute to better alignment with reality. Implementing this strategy reduces the disparity between actual and efficient performance. This paper presents a model designed to address these considerations. The model takes into consideration managerial opinions, enabling managers to identify and ignore specific efficient units during benchmarking. It then proposes alternative benchmarks closest in similarity to improve efficiency for the inefficient units.
Challenging gender stereotypes: representations of gender through social interactions in English learning textbooks
Authors: Huang Pingping , Liu Xu
Published: June 2024

This study explores the representation of gender through the social interactions presented in four sets of English textbooks used in China. By examining the representation of both gender stereotypes and changing roles, the results reveal that although traditional stereotypes exist in Chinese secondary school-level English textbooks, women’s changing social roles are acknowledged in that they are now beginning to be shown engaging in non-traditional female jobs. However, in family scenarios, women are still depicted as taking sole responsibility for housekeeping duties without any participation from adult males, showing the incomplete transformation of gender roles. No male characters are shown participating in non-traditional jobs, which reinforces the idea of the masculine role being ‘superior’ to feminine or non-masculine roles. The continued presence of gender stereotypes shows textbook editors’ tacit agreement with the gender norms. Drawing on gender as a fluid concept and social interactions of gender, this study acknowledges the variety and diversity of inputs of gender roles through social interactions in the learning community and suggests that students can be given access to a more gender-progressive education by improving the quality of social interactions between genders in textbooks and presenting a more equal view on gender roles.
Impact of COVID-19 on jump occurrence in capital markets
Authors: Zhu Min , Wen Shan , Song Yuping
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we investigate the relationship between the indicators for COVID-19 monitoring and the dynamic of jumps across six major financial markets including China, France, Italy, Germany, the UK, and the US. First, this paper finds that jumps occurred more frequently in the index returns during the COVID-19 pandemic. Second, the empirical findings suggest that the anxiety stemming from potential future control measures, which were prompted by updates in COVID-19 briefings, plays a significant role in explaining the jumps in index returns within financial markets. The strategies of ‘zero tolerance for COVID-19’, ‘maximum healthcare capacity’, and ‘less tolerance for restriction’ were carried out by China, European countries, and the US respectively. These diverse approaches to managing COVID-19 have a significant and varied impact on the market’s sudden price movements.
The spatial spillover effect of financial growth on high-quality development: Evidence from Yellow River Basin in China
Authors: Zhang Zhenhua , Hua Chao , Jiang Marshall S. , Miao Jianjun
Published: June 2024

River basin cities are areas with remarkable conflicts between the human activity and the ecological environment. They are also important targets for policy implementation of sustainable and high-quality development (HD) in various countries around the world. This article exploits the panel data of 99 cities located in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) from 2006 to 2019 to empirically analyze the spatial effect of financial growth on HD. Spatial weights participated econometric models are utilized to analyze this spatial effect. Empirical results reveal that: (1) the HD in the YRB shows a strong positive spatial autocorrelation. (2) Financial growth exerts an N-shaped curve effect on the HD from a long-term perspective. When this influence spills out to the surroundings, it exhibits an inverted U-shaped characteristic. (3) Green innovation can be an important intermediary factor in the influence of financial growth on HD. (4) The influence of financial growth on HD appears stronger in regions with higher economic levels, where N-shaped effects can be transmitted to the surrounding regions. However, the backward economic development in low-economy regions prevents the spatial spillover of N-shaped effects. This study can be instrumental for countries to formulate financial policies that aim to promote HD in river basin cities.
Dynamic reporters for probing real-time activation of human fibroblasts from single cells to populations
Authors: Cassel Samantha E. , Huntington Breanna M. , Chen Wilfred , Lei Pedro , Andreadis Stelios T. , Kloxin April M.
Published: June 2024

Activation of fibroblasts is pivotal for wound healing; however, persistent activation leads to maladaptive processes and is a hallmark of fibrosis, where disease mechanisms are only partially understood. Human in vitro model systems complement in vivo animal models for both hypothesis testing and drug evaluation to improve the identification of therapeutics relevant to human disease. Despite advances, a challenge remains in understanding the dynamics of human fibroblast responses to complex microenvironment stimuli, motivating the need for more advanced tools to investigate fibrotic mechanisms. This work established approaches for assessing the temporal dynamics of these responses using genetically encoded fluorescent reporters of alpha smooth muscle actin expression, an indicator of fibroblast activation. Specifically, we created a toolset of human lung fibroblast reporter cell lines from different origins (male, female; healthy, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) and used three different versions of the reporter with the fluorescent protein modified to exhibit different temporal stabilities, providing temporal resolution of protein expression processes over a range of timescales. Using this toolset, we demonstrated that reporters provide insight into population shifts in response to both mechanical and biochemical cues that are not detectable by traditional end point assessments with differential responses based on cell origin. Furthermore, individual cells can also be tracked over time, with opportunities for comparison to complementary end point measurements. The establishment of this reporter toolset enables dynamic cell investigations that can be translated into more complex synthetic culture environments for elucidating disease mechanisms and evaluating therapeutics for lung fibrosis and other complex biological processes more broadly.
Necessary and sufficient conditions of entire sub-solutions for a (k1, k2)-type Hessian systems with gradient terms
Authors: Gao Chenghua , He Xingyue
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we aim to discuss a class of (k1, k2)-type Hessian system with gradient terms. In the case of k1 = k2 = 1 and 2 ≤ k1, k2 ≤ n, we obtain a sufficient and necessary condition for the existence of the entire admissible sub-solution of the system according to the value range of different parameters, which is also called the generalized Keller–Osserman condition. Based on this, we also discuss the conditions of existence and non-existence of the entire sub-solution, respectively. Finally, we extend the nonlinear terms to the degenerate case and consider the condition of the existence of the positive sub-solution for the above system.