bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
МОДЕЛИ ПОДДЕРЖКИ МОЛОДЁЖНЫХ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ ИНИЦИАТИВ В КОНТЕКСТЕ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ МОЛОДЁЖНОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ
Authors: Мальцева Мария Александровна
Published: October 2023

Актуальность. В настоящее время вопросы, связанные со спецификой реализации государственной молодёжной политики в различных субъектах Российской Федерации, становятся одной из приоритетных задач в контексте осуществления внутренней политики регионов. Это обусловлено не только социально-экономической спецификой субъектов, но и особенностью демографического и культурного портрета населения. В статье через анализ социального проектирования как социально-преобразующей деятельности представлены типы результатов процесса реализации государственной молодёжной политики и на основе данной типологии сформулирована и охарактеризована система инструментов сопровождения проектов, направленных на решение молодёжью социально значимых проблем, используемых преимущественно региональными и муниципальными органами исполнительной власти и бизнеса. Цель: проектирование и описание базовых моделей поддержки молодёжных социальных инициатив в контексте реализации молодёжной политики. Методы: контент-анализ, теоретические методы (анализ литературы по теме исследования, в том числе нормативно-правовой документации, синтез, классификация и обобщение). Алгоритм авторского моделирования форм поддержки молодёжных социальных инициатив в контексте государственной политики Российской Федерации в отношении молодёжи включает в себя следующие этапы: проектирование и обоснование возможных вариантов результата процесса социального проектирования в парадигме различных социологических подходов; анализ и обобщение различных технологий и инструментов поддержки социальных инициатив в базовые модели; определение исследуемых регионов на основе мониторинга эффективности реализации молодежной политики, проводимого Федеральным агентством по делам молодёжи; описание особенностей смоделированной типологии видов поддержки с учётом региональной специфики работы с молодёжью. Результаты: представлена авторская модель типов поддержки молодёжных социальных инициатив, а также рассмотрены их особенности и возможности использования для достижения результатов социального проектирования в молодёжной среде, определены дальнейшие траектории развития исследования с практическим внедрением разработанных моделей в деятельность муниципальных и региональных институтов молодёжной политики. Вывод: проектирование и практическое внедрение инструментов и технологий поддержки молодёжных инициатив предполагают ориентацию субъекта, оказывающего данную поддержку, на достижение молодым человеком определенных эффектов деятельности, сформированных в триаду результатов. Моделирование таких мер поддержки и их методологическое обоснование позволяют субъектам молодёжной политики достигать собственных целей и задач, определяемых по показателям эффективности деятельности, а также обеспечивать эффективность процесса социального проектирования и проектного менеджмента как социально-преобразующей деятельности для общества и конкретной личности исполнителя.
La experiencia escolar como trinchera. Conversaciones sobre escuela cotidiana y educación
Authors: Acevedo Leidy
Published: October 2023

Este artículo deriva de una investigación doctoral con diseño cualitativo y paradigma hermenéutico, que buscó comprender los sentidos de existencia de la escuela colombiana a través del estudio de caso múltiple, como enfoque que orientó la documentación de la realidad cotidiana de cuatro escuelas públicas -urbanas y rurales- de Antioquia, mediante observaciones, registros fotográficos y relatos de experiencia en grupos focales y entrevistas conversacionales. Los hallazgos dejan contribuciones al campo de la cultura escolar al proponer la experiencia escolar como un entramado multidimensional, conjuntivo y tensional en el que circulan saberes prácticos compartidos y convergen lógicas contrarias cuyas fuerzas erosionan e impulsan el territorio escolar; en su cualidad táctica, se atrinchera la escuela para resistir ante la crítica de sus detractores y habilitar, a partir de las invenciones cotidianas que gestan maestros y estudiantes, otras posibilidades que sostienen su histórica existencia.
Plan de Alimentación Escolar y su incidencia en la calidad educativa de Tunja, Boyacá
Authors: Moreno-Villamil José
Published: October 2023

En el presente artículo se realiza un acercamiento de tipo interpretativo y crítico acerca de los lineamientos del Ministerio de Educación Nacional (MEN), a través del análisis de la problemática a nivel mundial, regional y local de la desnutrición como fuente de procesos retardatorios de la calidad en la educación. Igualmente se realiza un análisis funcional del Plan de Alimentación Escolar (PAE), a nivel local desde su implementación, hasta 2021 en la ciudad de Tunja. Metodológicamente, se revisó la historia del proyecto alimentario, para comprender su impacto en la realidad educativa actual, las necesidades estudiantiles y la mitigación de la deserción escolar en las entidades públicas de educación media. Se hace alusión a preceptos y normatividad indispensable para reflexionar sobre el PAE, como estrategia estatal y determinar el impacto que este tiene en el rendimiento académico de los alumnos. Los resultados muestran un diagnóstico del PAE en Tunja, que permite concluir la necesidad de conciencia y sensibilización ante la importancia de una buena alimentación para contribuir al derecho de la educación en los niños, adolescentes y jóvenes.
A Comparative Study of Remote Work and In-Person Work among SMEs in the Services Sector: A Survey Approach
Authors: Sharma Sunil , Kumar Satish , Singh Pushpender
Published: October 2023

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, remote work has become a widespread phenomenon, affecting various sectors of the economy, including the services sector. This paper examines the effects of remote work and in-person work on productivity, profitability, satisfaction, and challenges faced by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the services sector. The paper employs a survey methodology to gather data from 200 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in the services sector across India, who have opted for remote work or in-person employment during the pandemic. To analyze the data and test the hypotheses, the paper employs descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. In the paper, it is found that remote work has a positive impact on the productivity and profitability of SMEs in the services sector, but also poses some challenges such as communication difficulties, cyber-security risks, and work-life balance issues. In addition, the paper finds that in-person work has a positive impact on the satisfaction and motivation of SMEs in the services sector, but also exposes them to health risks and operational costs. The paper concludes by presenting some recommendations for small and medium-sized enterprises operating in the services sector to effectively address the challenges of remote work and in-person work, and to capitalize on the potential offered by both forms of employment.
"Todas se llaman lenguas"... que cantan. El dato lingüístico desde diversas perspectivas. Entrevista con Cecilia Rojas, Erika Mendoza y Laura Cristina Villalobos - Centro de Lingüística Hispánica
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Rojas Nieto Cecilia ,   Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas,   Centro de Lingüística Hispánica, Mendoza Vázquez Erika ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,   Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas,   Centro de Lingüística Hispánica, Villalobos Pedroza Laura Cristina
Published: October 2023

El lenguaje es "la suave música de la especie", comenta Cecilia Rojas al citar a Charles Darwin. En esta charla sostenida también con Erika Mendoza y Laura Villalobos, se repasan diversos temas que son importantes para el quehacer del Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas, en específico para el Centro de Lingüística Hispánica. Cada una de ellas nos comenta los temas sobre los cuales han desarrollado sus investigaciones y lo que consideran el "estado del arte" de los estudios lingüísticos en la actualidad. Comentan sobre los diferentes grandes proyectos nacionales e internacionales que se han hecho en torno al fenómeno lingüístico y cómo ven el futuro en su área de estudio. Coinciden en que "el gran reto" es la diversidad, lo que marca el rumbo de estudio del fenómeno lingüístico "total". Se preocupan –ocupan– también por los retos que supone la interacción con las máquinas a partir de los recientes desarrollos sobre Inteligencia Artificial desde las Neorociencias, al tiempo que se pronuncian por la necesidad de una perspectiva de estudio transdisciplinar. Todo ello, en conjunto, las lleva a intentar reconceptualizar la noción de conocimiento lingüístico, y a decir que no somos más que "un animal que canta... de múltiples formas".
De Elizabeth Luna Traill o del amor a la palabra
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Arias Álvarez Beatriz ,   Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas,   Centro de Lingüística Hispánica
Published: October 2023

Emotivo texto en el que se recuerda a recuerda a la primera directora (mujer) del Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas, en un recorrido que honra su memoria a través de los principales itinerarios de su vida académica y destacada labor institucional.
Desde Mayas. Aportes al conocimiento, valoración y difusión de las lenguas indígenas
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ruz Sosa Mario Humberto ,   Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas,   Centro de Estudios Mayas
Published: October 2023

El presente artículo de Mario Humberto Ruz expone la trayectoria e importancia que, desde que se constituyó como Seminario de Cultura Maya, en la década del 60, ha tenido el ahora Centro de Estudios Mayas del Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas de la UNAM. La información que nos brinda, tanto de académicos, de obras y de proyectos que se han ocupado en el estudio de las culturas mesoamericanas, nos permite apreciar las diferentes vertientes de investigación que se atienden en este Centro, como, por ejemplo, estudios filológicos, lingüísticos, literarios, sociológicos e históricos, solo por citar algunos. Los productos académicos derivados de estas investigaciones y reflexiones constituyen un punto de partida para apreciar la riqueza que el conocimiento de las lenguas mayas nos brinda para, así, estar “engranados con el mundo”.
Cuatro historiadores bizantinos de la caída de Constantinopla
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Martínez Lacy Ricardo ,   Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas,   Seminario de Hermenéutica
Published: October 2023

En 1685, en su manual escolar sobre Historia Antigua Historia Universalis breviter ac perspicue exposita in Antiquam, et Medi Aevii ac Novam divisa, Cristóbal Cellarius situó en la caída de Constantinopla el fin de la Edad Media, tesis que reforzó más tarde con Historia Medii Aevi, a temporibus Constantini Magni ad Constaninopolim a Turcis captam deducta, en 1688. Desde que ocurrió, ese suceso suscitó fuertes reacciones. Entre ellas deben contarse las de cuatro historiadores bizantinos contemporáneos: Ducas, Jorge Sphrantez, Miguel Critóbulo y Laonicós Chalcocondiles. Cada uno de ellos interpretó los hechos según su punto de vista y dio expresión a las posibilidades políticas que parecían abiertas para los bizantinos ante la conquista y destrucción de su Estado después de más de dos mil años de existencia, pues lo que los modernos llamamos Imperio Bizantino no es más que la continuación del Imperio Romano.
Estampas literarias
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, López Mena Sergio ,   Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas,   Centro de Estudios Literarios
Published: October 2023

Refrescante ensayo que es además una colección de biografías sobre escritores poco conocidos provenientes de lo que en México llamamos "el Interior", al que se nos conmina a voltear más para apreciar sus talentos literarios. El lector encontrará en este texto datos biográficos generales de diez escritores, algunos fragmentos poéticos, y comentarios acerca de su obra. La reunión de estas "estampas” obedece al propósito de mostrar ejemplos de la literatura que se ha dado en el Interior, pues la vida literaria de la llamada “Provincia” suele ser ignorada, como ya en 1948 escribió Alfonso de Alba en La provincia oculta. Su mensaje literario. Sean estas semblanzas una contribución al conocimiento de autores que con su obra constituyen una fracción relevante de la cultura mexicana.
Propuesta de la Licenciatura en Filología Intercultural (LIFI) para el estado de Oaxaca
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Quezada Rojas Norma Angélica ,   Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas,   Docencia y Enlace de Posgrados
Published: October 2023

En este artículo pretendo difundir avances de un trabajo que dé una posible solución a la problemática del peligro de extinción de las lenguas originarias, particularmente en el estado de Oaxaca, con una propuesta educativa que puede ser, además de novedosa, provechosa para su población. La población oaxaqueña es una de las más rezagadas en diversos aspectos, incluido el educativo. Lo anterior se refleja en el estudio de pertinencia que desarrollé en 2020, cuyos resultados permitieron identificar el nivel externo de pertinencia (dimensiones educativa, laboral, económico-social, entre otras) del programa educativo para la propuesta de una Licenciatura en Filología Intercultural dirigida al estado de Oaxaca. Este estudio permitió dar soporte a la propuesta con el fin de garantizar la calidad en la formación de los egresados de dicha licenciatura, de modo que puedan contribuir en la solución de las problemáticas y necesidades culturales, educativas, económicas y sociales propias de sus comunidades.
Acının Sosyolojisi: Afetler, Toplumsal Dayanıklılık ve Teodise Problemi
Authors: ABİDOĞLU İsa
Published: October 2023

Toplumsal dayanıklılık, bir toplumun afetlere karşı direnç gösterme yeteneğini ifade eder. Toplumsal dayanıklılık ile teodise arasında ise dolaylı bir ilişki vardır, ancak bu ilişki daha genel anlamda insanların yaşadığı zorluklarla başa çıkma ve acılara anlam bulma süreçlerini kapsar. Bu bağlamda, toplumsal dayanıklılık ve teodise, insanların afetler ve zorluklar karşısında verdikleri tepkiler, anlamlar ve inançlar üzerine etkileşimde bulunabilir. Ancak, bu iki kavramın detayları ve ilişkileri, farklı inanç sistemleri, kültürel ve sosyal bağlamlar, felsefi düşünce okulları ve teolojik yaklaşımlar arasında değişiklik gösterebilir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma, konunun sınırlandırılması amacına bağlı olarak sözü geçen değişikliklerin detayına inmeden kavramsal ve teorik planda bir değerlendirmeyle beraber modern sosyolojinin toplumda olağanüstü durumların en yaygını olan afetler karşısında takındığı rol üzerine eleştirel bir yaklaşımla kaleme alınmıştır.
A Comparative Analytical study of the Reality of Academic Accreditation of Postgraduate Programs in Universities in both the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United States of America
Authors: الغريري أثير عبد الله , الخليوي لينا سليمان
Published: October 2023

The study aimed to identify the reality of academic accreditation for postgraduate programs in universities in both the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United States of America, and to identify the similarities and differences between academic accreditation for postgraduate programs in universities in both the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United States of America, as well as to provide aspects of benefit from the experience of the United States of America. To achieve the aim of the study, the descriptive analytical and comparative approach was used along with the content analysis tool. The study was applied to a sample of (27) official documents related to the specific areas of analysis. The study results revealed that there are some similarities and differences in the reality of academic accreditation for postgraduate programs in the two compared countries, in terms of: (academic accreditation systems, models and standards for academic accreditation, and academic accreditation policies). In light of the study results, some benefits were presented. The study also came out with a set of recommendations.
Effectiveness of e-learning techniques in the educational learning process
Authors: عبد الرحمن فاطمة , غشير سامية
Published: October 2023

This article discusses the importance of e-learning technologies in the educational learning process and its very important role in overcoming difficulties and providing the most effective alternative to in-person education. It has touched on the most prominent of these technologies, their function, and how to apply them to make the lessons successful. Through our article, we aim to encourage researchers and professors to use e-learning techniques, especially with the many crises and epidemics, in addition to spreading e-learning. Working on the distance education platform has become a very important requirement.
Analysis of Fatwas by the National Sharia Board-Indonesian Council of Ulama on the Stock Market
Authors: Andriansyah Yuli
Published: October 2023

This research aims to analyze the fatwas issued by the National Sharia Board-Indonesian Council of Ulama (Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia, abbreviated DSN-MUI in Bahasa Indonesia) concerning activities in the stock market. This study focused on the characteristics and general development of these fatwas. This study adopts a normative approach to examine whether the DSN-MUI fatwas related to the stock market. The data utilized in this study are of a secondary nature, encompassing fatwa information issued by the DSN-MUI. These data were further analyzed using a descriptive-qualitative approach and content analysis, particularly pertaining to fatwas. The results of this research indicate that the fatwas issued by the DSN-MUI serves varying purposes across different periods. These fatwas sometimes emerge as responses to questions about business matters or as reactions to recent developments in stock market products. Another finding of this study is that the fatwas issued by the DSN-MUI followed a specific pattern in its structure, starting with verses from the Quran and Hadith of the Prophet, followed by Fiqh principles, opinions of classical and contemporary scholars, and concluding with the National Sharia Board's stance on the specific topic. The development of these fatwas reflects the gradual (tadarruj) principle within Islamic jurisprudence regarding legal action.
CO2 WAG Huff-N-Puff for Waterflooded Conventional Reservoirs: Design and Field Learnings from Deployment in the Permian Basin of West Texas
Authors: Bandyopadhyay P. , Andel D. , Hampton D. W. , Stone L. D.
Published: October 2023

Single well Huff-N-Puff schemes have been attempted in waterflooded conventional reservoirs in the past, to limited success. The novelty of the method discussed in this paper is the inclusion of a water-injection cycle post CO2-injection "huff". Simulation models showed that this modification significantly increases the yield of incremental oil and increases retention of injected CO2 in the reservoir. A field experiment was designed and implemented in a San Andres field, using a specially designed CO2-gas lift bottom hole assembly that allowed injection and production with the same bottom-hole assembly. This design reduced the need for workover operations between production and injection cycles, as well as allowing injection and production logging of the reservoir zone to better understand the results of the process.

We describe the design process for a cyclic CO2-alternating-water injection scheme for waterflooded conventional reservoirs from simulation to field execution. We also discuss operational learnings and resulting best practices for artificial lift, three-phase separation, and well testing that were developed for this recovery method.

Results from the field pilot yielded peak incremental oil production rates over six times above the baseline water flood at the producer-well level. Additionally, the gas-lift assembly proved effective in allowing real-time wellbore monitoring, which greatly enhanced the understanding of the CO2-HnP in a single-well system.
Experimental Study and Pilot Tests of Autothermic Pyrolysis in situ Conversion Process for Oil Shale Recovery
Authors: Guo Wei , Sun Youhong , Li Qiang , Zhu Chaofan , Deng Sunhua , Wang Yuan , Liu Zhao , Chen Chen , Liu Baochang
Published: October 2023

Oil shale has not been applied in large-scale industrial processes owing to its poor efficiency and high energy extraction costs. The autothermic pyrolysis in situ conversion process (ATS) is an oil shale high-efficiency heating extraction method that uses the residual potential heat after kerogen pyrolysis.

Herein, a large-size oil shale (Φ: 100 mm, L: 500 mm) in situ pyrolysis experimental apparatus, which considers the overburden pressure, was designed to study the feasibility, characteristics, and energy efficiency of ATS. Two ATS pilot tests were conducted at different depths (approximately 70 and 480 m) in the Songliao Basin, China. The pilot tests were performed for nine years, from 2013 to the present.

The results demonstrate that the ATS of oil shale is successfully triggered at 300 °C. The autothermic pyrolysis reaction is steadily advancing, proving the feasibility of the method in laboratory-scale experiments. According to their optical characteristics and chemical composition, ATS reaction zones can be divided into residue, autothermic, pyrolysis, preheating, and virgin zones. Compared with the high-temperature nitrogen in situ conversion process, pyrolysis oil obtained from ATS contains more light components. When the oil recovery via ATS reaches 69.1%, the energy efficiency reaches 3.46, which is much higher than 0.51 by nitrogen.

The cumulative oil and gas production of the shallow-ground pilot test was 1.6 ton and 1500 m3, respectively. In addition, the cumulative oil and gas production of the deep-ground pilot test was 3.0 ton and 18,000 m3, respectively. During the two pilot tests, long-life downhole heating technology and equipment were developed and applied. The compound reservoir reconstruction technology, which includes shock wave fracturing, hydraulic fracturing, and acid fracturing, was studied. To improve the pyrolysis efficiency, oil recovery, and quality to the oil shale was studied.

This study shows the advantages and feasibility of ATS using experiments and pilot tests, which can be used for the large-scale commercial development of oil shale.
Excellence in Petroleum Engineering
Authors: Michael Andreas
Published: October 2023

The failed merger attempt between SPE and the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) in 2020-21 brought about nonsensical calls for rebranding the petroleum engineering (PE) discipline into something like "energy engineering" and by extension SPE into "Society of Professionals in Energy." This led to the writing of "Petroleum Engineers Need a Strong Professional Society" (SPE-210365). I felt a need to combat heavy-consequence-bearing misconceptions promulgated in the PE community, including a field of great importance: education. Someone had to set the record straight.

PE academic programs interested in facilitating a smooth transition of their graduates into the industry should work in conjunction with the exploration and production (E&P) sector of the oil and gas (O&G) industry to provide the correct balance between theory and practice in their coursework, ensuring that relevant-E&P-job openings are filled with their graduates. The low PE-student enrollment levels frequently reported may be a manifestation of long-standing issues within the PE higher education. Decisions on things like curricula/syllabi design, along with faculty hiring should be governed by a desire to equip PE graduates with a competitive advantage over non-PE graduates vis-à-vis related-E&P domains.

Integrating the many PE subdisciplines (drilling, reservoir, production, and other) in a manner efficient for learning is essential for producing competitive-and-market-attractive young professionals. PE graduates must be cognizant of the basics and fundamentals of their "trade," comfortable in assessing E&P problems efficiently through all their facets. While talks on the transferability of skills that PEs typically feature into peripheral disciplines mainstreams, strengthening the competitive advantage that PE graduates must hold over non-PE graduates is where the focus needs to be. Excellence in PE requires intra-disciplinarism – completeness on all fronts.

This paper presents ten "truisms" (cold, hard realities of the modern-day world), providing explanations behind several status quos impacting the PE discipline, directly or indirectly.
Optimizing ESP Well Analysis Using Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Alquraini A. H. , Al-Kadem M. S. , Al Bori M. M. , Bukhamseen I. M.
Published: October 2023

The process of extracting and searching for well and field historical data is an essential element in production engineering as it helps capture anomalous events and mitigate measures during critical well operations and analysis. Thus, a new methodology utilizing Machine Learning (ML) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) was used to create an advance model to automate this process. This study explores the process of automating exploring artificially lifted well data via the utilization of ML and NLP algorithms.

The proposed method introduces an intelligent petroleum engineering system that takes users’ input and analyze Electrical Submersible pumps (ESP) wells using an advanced ML and NLP model. Moreover, text extraction, cleaning and validation tasks are initially performed to ensure data quality prior to machine and language modeling. Also, word embedding techniques were used to train the model to learn semantic level relationships such as well and field names. The developed model takes the user's questions and transform them to Structured Query Language (SQL) to be executed on cloud servers and evaluated ESP wells using real time data in order to generate the targeted analysis.

The NLP system was implemented utilizing engineers’ daily workflows, and evaluated on its ability to retrieve users’ targeted results in the data set based on query entered by the users. Moreover, performance of the system on extraction, mapping and mitigation attributes were evaluated using F1 scores performance matrix. Validating and testing the NLP model disclosed a promising outcome. It’ is worth noting that the advance NLP system scored significantly high F1 record which indicated high reliability of the model to retrieve critical well information. The developed model enabled engineer in the field to utilize such system to explore and extract targeted results from cloud solutions using advanced ML and NLP algorithms. This yielded significant impact on cost as well as time savings of more than 40% due the system ability to provide engineers with intended results during critical times.

The developed NLP model enhanced the way engineers explore and study well historical data as the proposed system lead to a fast and substantial improvement in acquiring a desired result. Also, the system provides a detailed well description and analysis to its users. This resulted in significant money and time saving especially in offshore operations where a fast and reliable data is needed to make critical decision in a timely manner leading into avoiding production losses.
Thermally Conductive Proppants to Improve Heat Extraction in Geothermal Systems
Authors: Balushi Faras Al , Taleghani Arash Dahi
Published: October 2023

Due to the low permeability of geothermal reservoirs, hydraulic fracturing could provide conductive pathways to improve fluid flow and heat exchange. Fractures in geothermal systems not only provide channels for fluid flow, but also provide a larger contact area for heat transfer to achieve an efficient and economic heat extraction. Since commercially available proppants have low thermal conductivity, we present a method to improve heat exchange inside propped fractures by increasing thermal conductivity of the proppant packs using conductive coating. Accurate numerical modeling requires a representative proppant pack sample with particle size distribution, sorting, and shape similar to a physical sample. Thus, using a dynamic method of generating a granular packing, we construct a proppant pack under the influence of gravity through discrete element method to obtain a sample under representative in-situ conditions. We apply uniform conductive coatings of different thickness to the proppants by taking advantage of image processing techniques. Finally, we simulate heat transfer through the proppant pack using finite volume methods to compute the effective thermal conductivity of the coated proppants and determine the improvement in heat exchange inside the propped fractures achieved by applying such a conductive coating. To calibrate our model, we conducted a validation simulation and compared the results to the available analytical results. Particle-scale analysis revealed the effectiveness of using conductive coating in improving the thermal conductivity of the proppant used. Adding a thin layer of copper coating to sand proppant is observed to increase its thermal conductivity by more than a 100%. Results also showed a positive correlation between the thickness of the conductive coating and the resulting effective thermal conductivity of the proppant. The observed increase in the proppant thermal conductivity can increase the rate of heat exchange by providing additional surface area for heating up the circulating fluid and thus allowing more heat extraction from geothermal reservoirs. Through modeling proppants at the particle-scale, we find that applying a conductive coating can remarkably increase the effective thermal conductivity of the proppant pack and promote heat exchange between the proppants and the circulating fluid in addition to fracture walls. Particle-scale modeling allows to understand how individual proppants interacts with each other under elevated temperatures and high closure stress and how such particles interactions control the effective thermal conductivity of the proppant pack.
Integrated Solution to Tackle Sand Production Using Inhouse Sand Agglomeration Technology: A Pilot in Offshore Malaysian Oilfield
Authors: Hendraningrat L. , Ramli N. A. , Riyanto L. , Zainal S. , Shafie N. A. , Baharuddin S. , Rajasekaran P. K. , Mahadi K. A. , Zubir M. I. , Shafie S. K. H.
Published: October 2023

Several oil fields in the Malaysian oilfields have experienced sand production issues, which caused a reduction in production. Moreover, if artificial lift systems such as ESP is installed, it can lead to frequent failures, which will have a significant impact on cost due to pump downtime. Mechanical solutions that are commonly used, such as sand screen and gravel packs, are suboptimal because they decrease inflow area and make optimization activities difficult. This paper describes an integrated solution that employs inhouse sand agglomeration chemical (SAC) technology and mechanical solution to address the sand production problem from laboratory to pilot in an offshore oil well.

Extensive laboratory tests confirmed the SAC viability for sand production in Field-S. A pilot well candidate was selected based on a history of frequent well interventions due to sand production in the past, as well as the completeness of core samples, mineralogy data, and fluid samples. The test was conducted with an actual downhole sand sample and a sand screen, while flowrate and pressure were monitored. Produced sand was collected for particle size distribution measurement and scanning electron microscope, static and dynamic thermal stability tests, chemical and agglomerated sand particles were aged at downhole temperature and pressure. During pilot, the SAC was injected near the wellbore, and then a sand screen was installed, with post-injection monitoring.

A novel multipolymers chemical concept SAC was proposed, which provides larger agglomerates of grains sands and stronger bond strength between particles, resulting in longer agglomerated sand particle longevity. Meanwhile, the sand screen was installed, and injection was done simply with a bullhead and no squeeze required. After applying SAC in the laboratory, a strong sand agglomeration was observed on the produced sand sample. The SAC can reduce the non-uniformity of agglomerated sand particles, lowering the risk of screen plugging and improving permeability. It also reduces the risk of sand screen plugging and opens more flow channels for hydrocarbon to flow through.

This first pilot was successfully executed in a well at Field-S. The knowledge and experience gathered during this first pilot will be utilized as a reference for future replication to other candidates in the Malaysian oilfields with similar issue.
3D Modeling of the Utah Forge Reservoir Stimulation with Proppant Transport and Deposition
Authors: Kumar D. , Liu B. , Ghassemi A.
Published: October 2023

The paper presents 3D modeling and analysis of hydraulic stimulations conducted at the DOE Utah FORGE EGS site. We simulated the Stage-3 field stimulation along with proppant transport and deposition and examined the injection pressure history, produced fracture geometry, and potential stimulated reservoir volume. For the hydraulic and natural fracture propagation and interactions, we used our state-of-the-art simulator model. The solid rock and fracture surface mechanical deformation are simulated using the boundary element method, the fluid flow inside the fracture is model using the finite element method, and the fracture propagation is implemented in the framework of the linear elastic fracture mechanics, whereas the proppant transport and deposition implement using cell-centric finite volume method. The findings show that asymmetric height growth is expected under the stress regimes and lithology often found in EGS and that rock mass discontinuities such preexisting fractures, rock anisotropy, and lithological boundaries might impede height growth. The results in Utah FORGE's Stage-3 stimulation seems to indicate upward growth and interaction with natural fractures that result in a moderately complicated stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) with an HF/NF network. The transport and deposition of proppant in geothermal reservoirs are significantly impacted by thermal impacts, according to numerical calculations. High temperature can accelerate proppant settling as it greatly reduces the viscosity of the fracturing fluid. Low viscosity fracturing fluids, like slick water, can cause a narrow, propped fracture network and very severe proppant settlement near the injection point in geothermal reservoir stimulation. The findings show that because micro-proppants are smaller size particles, they tend to be carried into complex HF/NF networks, potentially increasing their conductivity, and facilitating heat circulation path in the EGS reservoir.
Accounting for Exterior Flow Using the Modified Logistic Growth Model for Unconventional Geopressured Shale Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Salvatierra Julio C. Villarroel , Lake Larry W. , DiCarlo David
Published: October 2023

The scope of this work is to assess the flow beyond boundary-dominated flow, defining the existence of a third flow regime (after transient linear flow and boundary-dominated flow) that we call "exterior flow" for further use in decline curve analysis in unconventional reservoirs. Thus, exterior flow is defined as the linear flow of gas from the non-stimulated matrix feeding into the edges of the depleted stimulated reservoir volume (SRV), at late times, far away (predicted by Lee 2021; and anticipated by Marder et al. 2021). Sometimes referred as "flow beyond the tips" or post-SRV flow (Blasingame 2019).

Because of the existence of this third flow regime, the production curves of over-pressured shale gas reservoirs, such as the Haynesville formation, seem to not be fitted by a single hyperbolic model or any of the modern rate-time relations (Power law exponential, Stretched exponential, Duong, etc.). We believe that the over-pressured condition of the formation—close to the lithostatic gradient in the Haynesville Shale for example—yields such high pressure drawdowns that all flow regimes (transient linear flow, boundary-dominated flow, and exterior flow) occur sooner compared to other basins. Additionally, this paper shows that a new member of the logistic growth family of curves, called the "modified Logistic Growth Model" in its 2023 version (m-LGM 2023) solves the problem of curve-fitting production data from horizontal wells in the Haynesville Shale.

Furthermore, two novel diagnostic plots are presented for rate-time analysis to obtain the characteristic time of switching from boundary-dominated to exterior flow, which enables the prediction of additional volume to be produced under this flow regime. Finally, given that the current literature of the SPE-PRMS 2022 does not provide specific guidelines for the categorization of probable reserves (P2) in shale gas, we believe this work could signify a contribution for future reserves using this category for unconventional formations. The volume expected from exterior flow could be justified as probable reserves (P2) in shale gas wells.
Dynamics of Surfactant Imbibition in Unconventional Reservoir Cores
Authors: Wei B. , Wang Y. , Wang L. , Li Q. , Lu J. , Tang J.
Published: October 2023

Despite the promising results observed from the utilization of interfacial-active additives in enhancing imbibition-based oil recovery from tight reservoirs, the predominant mechanisms governing this process remain inadequately understood. A meticulously designed workflow was implemented to conduct experimental and modeling studies focusing on imbibition tests performed on tight cores utilizing surfactant and microemulsion. The primary objective of this research was to investigate the response of oil recovery to these additives and to develop a robust and reliable model that incorporates the intricate interactions, thereby elucidating the underlying mechanisms.

We systematically designed and prepared two imbibition fluids, namely surfactant (AES) and microemulsion (mE), while utilizing brine as a reference fluid. A comprehensive investigation was conducted to analyze the physicochemical properties of these fluids, encompassing phase behavior, density, viscosity, and wettability alteration, with the aim of establishing fundamental knowledge in the field. Imbibition tests were carried out on oil-wet cores to observe the response of oil production and optimize the experimental methodology. Subsequently, we proposed a numerical model that fully coupled the evolution of relative permeability and capillary pressure with the dynamic processes of emulsification, solubilization, and molecular diffusion.

All tested fluids exhibited favorable density (1.05-1.07 g/cm3) and viscosity (1.0 cp) at the reservoir temperature of 44 °C. AES effectively reduced the oil-water interfacial tension (IFT) to 10−1 mN/m, while mE achieved an ultralow IFT of 10−3 mN/m, accompanied by strong emulsification capability and a high solubilization ratio. Both solutions demonstrated the ability to alter the wettability of the rock surface from oil-wet to water-wet, albeit through different mechanisms (adsorption for AES and solubilization for mE). In line with the IFT and phase behavior experiments, imbibition tests on cores revealed that aqueous solutions with interfacial-active additives resulted in significantly higher oil recovery compared to pure water. Notably, the core treated with mE exhibited the highest oil recovery, reaching 36.5% of the original oil in place (OOIP). To further elucidate the observed effects, a modeling study was conducted, considering the aforementioned mechanisms. The results demonstrated the crucial role of emulsification/solubilization in the imbibition process.
Geomechanical Assessment of Potential CO2 Storage Sites in the US Shallow Water Gulf Coast
Authors: Haghi A. , Otto S. , Duval G.
Published: October 2023

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an essential technology that will play a major role in transitioning toward net-zero carbon emissions. CCS is the only group of technologies that reduces emissions in key energy and industrial sectors directly but also reduces CO2 to balance emissions in sectors difficult to abate. Offshore CCS offers most of the CO2 storage opportunities to achieve the growth required in storage capacity beyond the feasible onshore storage. Geomechanical screening of potential CCS sites for safe and efficient CO2 injection in deep geological formations is still a substantial challenge, especially over large areas with hundreds of drilled structures and fields, such as the shallow water Gulf of Mexico (GOM). In this study, we collect existing geophysical and petrophysical logs, drilling data (e.g., mud weight, leak-off test), pore pressure (MDT) and temperature data from 123 wells to evaluate potential CO2 leakage via the caprock due to gas injection-induced fault reactivation or fracturing. For this, we develop pore pressure and 1D mechanical Earth models for six wells, strategically distributed throughout the study area with all the required data, and map Shear Stress Levels (SSL) and Pressure Rooms (PR) for all potential storage formations. We further develop stress polygons based on friction equilibrium and poroelastic failure criteria for gas injection-induced shear failure. We characterize the contemporary state of stress in GOM by normal faulting (NF) stress, which is consistent with the predominantly extensional regime in the western intraplate North America. Using the World Stress Map (WSM) database, we find a mean SH orientation of N98° (±47°) based on 79 borehole breakouts with an overall length of 1241 m in 23 offshore wells in GOM. Stress orientations are locally affected by salt bodies and faults. We observe a pore pressure transition from hydrostatic at a shallow depth (i.e., wide PR) to an extreme overpressure zone (i.e., narrow PR), which makes deep reservoirs more sensitive to tensile fracturing during CO2 injection. We show that SSL is less than 0.4 in all reservoirs and seals in the GOM area, and PR decreases northwest of the study area. Furthermore, we reveal that the critical pressure and temperature limits for shear failure are far beyond the PR limit. Hence, following the PR limit, gas injection-induced reservoir failure and fault reactivation is unlikely in the study area, providing confidence that caprock mechanical leakage is a low-risk issue for long-term CO2 storage.
Unraveling the Role of Water in Microwave/Electromagnetic-Assisted Catalytic Heating for Hydrogen Production from Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Yan K. , An B. , Yuan Q.
Published: October 2023

To cope with the increasing pressures of decarbonization that the petroleum industry is facing, a novel approach, entitled in-situ microwave/electromagnetic-assisted catalytic heating technology, is recently proposed for hydrogen (H2) production directly from petroleum reservoirs. This work investigates H2 generation from methane (CH4) cracking in the presence of sandstone rock powders under microwave irradiation through a purpose-designed lab-scale microwave reactor system. The role of water and rock minerals during reactions is also examined. The real-time variations of measured temperature of rock samples, gas flow rate, and concentration of hydrogen and other generated gases are monitored. Deuterium oxide, or the so-called heavy water (D2O), is used to track the sources of hydrogen from methene and water. A rapid temperature increase is identified for the sandstone samples during microwave heating, which is referred to as the "temperature soaring" (TS) phenomenon. The TS phenomenon happens at 560-590 ℃ under microwave irradiation at a relatively higher power. Once TS phenomenon occurs, the sample can be easily re-heated up to 700 ℃ using a low microwave power at less than 0.3 kW. The experimental results show that Fe-based and other metal minerals in the sandstone rocks have an evident natural catalytic effect for promoting CH4 conversion to H2. The H2 production with 1.0 mol.% concentration starts at a measured temperature of 392 ℃, followed by a maximum H2 concentration and CH4 conversion at 91 mol.% and 79% respectively as the temperature reaches 668 ℃. Furthermore, in the presence of D2O, a peak concentration of 4.9 mol.% D2 gas and 18.2 mol.% HD gas are generated during methane conversion to hydrogen experiments. Further, water can enhance H2 generation via coke gasification in a temperature range from 330-580 ℃. Additionally, negligible CO2 and minor CO are generated in the experiments when methane continuously flows through the sandstone samples and converted to hydrogen under microwave irradiation. The proposed technology potentially opens a new pathway for clean H2 production directly from natural gas reservoirs.
Answering Natural Language Questions with OpenAI's GPT in the Petroleum Industry
Authors: Eckroth J. , Gipson M. , Boden J. , Hough L. , Elliott J. , Quintana J.
Published: October 2023

This work documents two experiments that make use of OpenAI's ChatGPT and GPT-4 for question answering in the petroleum industry. First, we describe PetroQA, a prototype tool that can answer natural language questions. It uses PetroWiki content to inform ChatGPT about facts specific to this industry. We are able to convince ChatGPT to avoid hallucinations and cite its sources. We asked nearly 200 SPE members to volunteer to test PetroQA and discuss results from that test. Second, we are developing and testing a tool, known as GraphQA, that allows users to ask questions and receive answers from a large graph knowledge base consisting of facts and relations between concepts such as wells, fields, basins, formations, geography, geologic age, rock type, operators, and more. A knowledge base like this is difficult for users to explore, so we use GPT-4 to automatically generate accurate graph queries from their natural language questions. We explore several novel techniques for prompting GPT-4 to produce the right queries and have developed an advanced caching mechanism to reduce interactions with the cloud model, thus reducing time to answer and cost.