bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative muscle MRI combined with AI‐based segmentation as a follow‐up biomarker for ATTRv patients: A longitudinal pilot study
Authors: Fortanier Etienne , Michel Constance P. , Hostin Marc Adrien , Delmont Emilien , Verschueren Annie , Guye Maxime , Bellemare Marc‐Emmanuel , Bendahan David , Attarian Shahram
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives

Intramuscular fat fraction (FF), assessed using quantitative MRI (qMRI), has emerged as a promising biomarker for hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv) patients. Currently, the main drawbacks to its use in future therapeutic trials are its sensitivity to change over a short period of time and the time‐consuming manual segmentation step to extract quantitative data. This pilot study aimed to demonstrate the suitability of an Artificial Intelligence‐based (AI) segmentation technique to assess disease progression in a real‐life cohort of ATTRv patients over 1 year.

Methods

Fifteen ATTRv patients were included in this monocentric, observational, prospective study. FF, magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), and quantitative T2 were extracted from patients' lower limb qMRI at two time points, 1 year apart, at thigh and leg levels. qMRI parameters were correlated with clinical and electrophysiological parameters assessed at the same time.

Results

Global FF at leg level significantly progressed over 1 year: +1.28 ± 2.62% (p = 0.017). At thigh level, no significant change in global FF, MTR, or T2 was measured. The leg FF was strongly correlated with the main clinical and electrophysiological scores.

Conclusion

AI‐based CNN network segmentation combined with qMRI can be used to obtain quantitative metrics for longitudinal studies in ATTRv patients. Global FF at the leg level seems to be the most sensitive MRI biomarker to track disease progression in a 1‐year period. Larger studies with treatment‐specific groups will now be necessary to determine the place of qMRI markers compared to the current clinical and electrophysiological scores.
Enriched class II HLA inherence in patients with checkpoint inhibitor‐associated bullous pemphigoid
Authors: Gandarillas Sophia , Berger Adam , Stephenson Ryan , Mehregan Darius , Dasgeb Bahar
Published: November 2024

Melanoma, with increasing annual incidence worldwide, is one of the deadliest cutaneous malignancies often treated with immunotherapy, which has led to commonly encountered immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) including bullous pemphigoid (BP). The relation between an individual's HLA inheritance and risk in development of BP is well studied. The development of BP as an irAE in melanoma patients receiving immunotherapy is also well reported and considered to be related to the expression of BP180 in malignant melanoma. In presented work, the association of enriched presence of certain HLA alleles and haplotypes that increase risk of developing BP as an irAE has been investigated in seven cutaneous cancer patients who presented with immunotherapy‐associated BP, diagnosed by skin biopsy and positive serology for anti‐BP 180 autoantibody. Their HLA typing revealed an enriched presence of certain BP‐related HLA alleles, and haplotypes, particularly HLA‐DQB1*03:01, which was present in all seven patients, whilst its occurrence in the general population is very low. Additionally, some patients had more than one and in a few patients had the whole haplotype of BP related HLA. Not only can such enriched presence be considered a role in risk stratification to initiate or continue immunotherapy, but it may shed a light to existing disease genotypes that can become unmasked to phenotypic clinically presenting BP due to immunotherapy rather than just a random AE.
Polyamines: The valuable bio‐stimulants and endogenous signaling molecules for plant development and stress response
Authors: Liu Taibo , Qu Jing , Fang Yinyin , Yang Haishan , Lai Wenting , Pan Luyi , Liu Ji‐Hong
Published: November 2024

Polyamines (PAs) are nitrogenous and polycationic compounds containing more than two amine residues. Numerous investigations have demonstrated that cellular PA homeostasis plays a key role in various developmental and physiological processes. The PA balance, which may be affected by many environmental factors, is finely maintained by the pathways of PA biosynthesis and degradation (catabolism). In this review, the advances in PA transport and distribution and their roles in plants were summarized and discussed. In addition, the interplay between PAs and phytohormones, NO, and H2O2 were detailed during plant growth, senescence, fruit repining, as well as response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Moreover, it was elucidated how environmental signals such as light, temperature, and humidity modulate PA accumulation during plant development. Notably, PA has been shown to exert a potential role in shaping the domestication of rice. The present review comprehensively summarizes these latest advances, highlighting the importance of PAs as endogenous signaling molecules in plants, and as well proposes future perspectives on PA research.
Scanning transmission electron tomography to study virus assembly: Review for the retirement of Paul Walther
Authors: Wieczorek Susanne , Krijnse Locker Jacomina
Published: November 2024

In this short and popular review, we summarise some of our findings analysing the replication cycles of large DNA viruses using scanning transmission electron tomography (STEM tomography) that we applied in the laboratory of Paul Walther. It is also a tribute to a very kind and expert scientist, who recently retired. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), in particular cryo‐EM, has benefited tremendously from recent developments in instrumentation. However, TEM imaging remains limited by the thickness of the specimen and classical thin‐section TEM typically generates 2D representations of 3D volumes. Although TEM tomography can partly overcome this limitation, the thickness of the sample, the volume that can be analysed in 3D, remains limiting. STEM tomography can partly overcome this problem, as it allows for the analysis of thicker samples, up to 1 µm in thickness. As such, it is an interesting imaging technique to analyse large DNA viruses, some of which measure 1 µm or more, and which is the focus of our research interest.
Reporting of Search Strategy Among Systematic Reviews in Leading Dental Specialty Journals: A Research‐On‐Research Study
Authors: Li Jiayi , Yu Xueqian , Gao Lingyue , Xin Lijing , Wang Yan , Guo Feiyang , Hua Fang
Published: November 2024

Background

Literature searching is one of the main determinants of a systematic review (SR)'s reliability. Thus, adequate reporting of search strategy is essential for the critical appraisal of SRs and evidence‐based practice.

Objectives

To assess the reporting quality of search strategy among SRs in leading dental specialty journals, and to identify factors associated with quality of reporting.

Materials and Methods

Six leading dental journals with the highest 5‐year impact factors in their respective specialty were included. A hand search was undertaken to identify SRs published between 2017 and 2022. Full texts were reviewed by two authors to identify eligible SRs. Reporting quality was assessed and scored using a modified 15‐item checklist based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses literature search extension (PRISMA‐S). Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were then performed.

Settings and Sample population

A total of 152 reviews were included and assessed.

Results

As for information sources, only ‘citation searching’ was adequately reported in most reviews 110 (72.4%). Only 23 (15.1%) of the included reviews clearly reported search strategies. Information about peer review was provided in only 10 reviews (6.6%). Only 91 (59.9%) of the included reviews documented the total records clearly. According to multivariable regression analysis, industrial funding (p = 0.012), registration (p = 0.013) and librarian involvement (p = 0.004) were significantly associated with higher reporting quality.

Conclusions

The reporting quality of search strategy among SRs in leading dental specialty journals is suboptimal. Researchers, librarians, reviewers and journal editors in dentistry need to be familiar with the PRISMA‐S checklist, and make concerted efforts to improve the reporting of search strategy in SRs.
Public innovation and policy change in the security policy in Nuevo León
Authors: Bagatella Juan Carlos Montero
Published: November 2024

This article explores the dynamics of policy change and innovation in the context of the security crises in Nuevo León, Mexico, drawing insight from past experiences and ongoing challenges. From 2003 to 2023, with an emphasis on 2006–2011, the article examines the role of the state government and civil participation in shaping innovative policy responses. Key findings highlight the importance of collaboration between government, civil society, and the private sector in developing effective and sustainable solutions. While successful initiatives like the establishment of Fuerza Civil demonstrate the potential of public innovation, challenges such as funding uncertainties and changes in political leadership underscore the need for institutionalized mechanisms for collaboration and evaluation. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of transparency, accountability, and inclusivity in policymaking processes; and advocating for continued civil engagement to address security challenges and foster a safer and more resilient future.
Microvesicle Tissue Factor Procoagulant Activity Is Elevated and Correlated With Disease Severity in Patients With Cirrhosis
Authors: Protopapas Adonis A. , Takardaki Anna , Protopapa Nefeli , Papagiouvanni Ioanna , Protopapas Andreas N. , Skoura Lemonia , Savopoulos Christos , Goulis Ioannis
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims

Tissue factor‐expressing microvesicles (MV‐TF) have been found to correlate with thrombotic complications in various diseases. Simultaneously, there is expanding research regarding the effect of the coagulation cascade on liver fibrosis progression. The aim of our manuscript was to evaluate MV‐TF activity in patients with cirrhosis and its correlation with disease severity.

Methods

We prospectively enrolled 82 patients [11 with cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer (Group 1), 50 with cirrhosis (Group 2) and 21 controls (Group 3)]. Extensive workup for disease staging and exclusion criteria was undertaken. Exclusion criteria included thrombophilia, history of thrombosis, recent hospitalisation, ongoing infection, alcohol dependence, cancer, haematological diseases and use of anticoagulant, antiplatelet or contraceptive drugs. Plasma tissue factor antigen concentration and MV‐TF activity were assessed.

Results

MV‐TF showed median values of 4.03 [1.57], 3.17 [1.59] and 2.26 [1.23] pg/mL in Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between Groups 1 and 3 (p < 0.001) and Groups 2 and 3 (p = 0.003), while Group 1 had higher values than Group 2 without statistical significance (p = 0.088). In Group 2, the patients' Child‐Pugh (CP) stage was A in 56%, B in 26% and C in 18% of cases. MV‐TF activity significantly correlated with decompensated cirrhosis (p = 0.005) and higher CP stage (p = 0.011). Finally, MV‐TF activity significantly correlated with 12‐month mortality (p = 0.021).

Conclusions

MV‐TF activity is elevated in patients with cirrhosis, showing a significant correlation with disease severity. MV‐TF may play a role in the procoagulant imbalance of liver cirrhosis and their contribution in disease progression should be studied further.
Strategizing under conditions of Weberian bureaucracy and ethnic consociationalism
Authors: Ongaro Edoardo , Sancino Alessandro , Mendy Sampierre
Published: November 2024

This study employs a single embedded case study design to investigate strategizing processes under conditions of Weberian bureaucracy and ethnic consociationalism. Drawing from a blend of secondary and primary sources, including semi‐structured interviews, observations, and focus group discussions, we harness thematic and narrative qualitative analysis for generating knowledge about strategizing processes under conditions of Weberian bureaucracy and ethnic consociationalism, as apparent in an African public sector context, through the study of the case of The Gambia Ministry of Basic and Secondary Education. The article contributes to understanding the dynamics of strategizing processes, offering insights that can enhance strategizing practices in similar contexts.
On the Equations of Compressible Fluid Dynamics With Cattaneo‐Type Extensions for the Heat Flux: Symmetrizability and Relaxation Structure
Authors: Angeles Felipe
Published: November 2024

The aim of this work is twofold. From a mathematical point of view, we show the existence of a hyperbolic system of equations that is not symmetrizable in the sense of Friedrichs. Such system appears in the theory of compressible fluid dynamics with Cattaneo‐type extensions for the heat flux. In contrast, the linearizations of such system around constant equilibrium solutions have Friedrichs symmetrizers. Then, from a physical perspective, we aim to understand the relaxation term appearing in this system. By noticing the violation of the Kawashima–Shizuta condition, locally and smoothly, with respect to the Fourier frequencies, we construct persistent waves, that is, solutions preserving the norm for all times that are not dissipated by the relaxation terms.
Machine learning‐enhanced multi‐trait genomic prediction for optimizing cannabinoid profiles in cannabis
Authors: Yoosefzadeh Najafabadi Mohsen , Torkamaneh Davoud
Published: November 2024

Cannabis sativa L., known for its medicinal and psychoactive properties, has recently experienced rapid market expansion but remains understudied in terms of its fundamental biology due to historical prohibitions. This pioneering study implements GS and ML to optimize cannabinoid profiles in cannabis breeding. We analyzed a representative population of drug‐type cannabis accessions, quantifying major cannabinoids and utilizing high‐density genotyping with 250K SNPs for GS. Our evaluations of various models—including ML algorithms, statistical methods, and Bayesian approaches—highlighted Random Forest's superior predictive accuracy for single and multi‐trait genomic predictions, particularly for THC, CBD, and their precursors. Multi‐trait analyses elucidated complex genetic interdependencies and identified key loci crucial to cannabinoid biosynthesis. These results demonstrate the efficacy of integrating GS and ML in developing cannabis varieties with tailored cannabinoid profiles.
Electrically silent mutants unravel the mechanism of binding−gating coupling in Cys-loop receptors
Authors: Godellas Nicole E. , Cymes Gisela D. , Grosman Claudio
Published: November 2024

The transduction of extracellular chemical signals into intracellular events relies on the communication between neighboring domains of membrane receptors. In the particular case of Cys-loop receptor channels, five short stretches of amino acids, one per subunit, link the extracellular and transmembrane domains in such a way that the ion permeability of the latter and the affinity for neurotransmitters of the former become tied to each other. Here, using direct functional approaches, we set out to understand the molecular bases of this crucial interdependence through the characterization of total loss-of-current mutations at the interface between domains. Our results indicate that domain−domain proximity plays a previously unnoticed critical role inasmuch as inserting a single residue in each linker rendered the two domains independent of each other. In marked contrast, loss-of-current mutations that leave the linkers’ length unaltered did not compromise the interdomain coupling, but rather, seemed to cause agonist-bound closed receptors to desensitize without appreciably opening.
A general temperature-guided language model to design proteins of enhanced stability and activity
Authors: Jiang Fan , Li Mingchen , Dong Jiajun , Yu Yuanxi , Sun Xinyu , Wu Banghao , Huang Jin , Kang Liqi , Pei Yufeng , Zhang Liang , Wang Shaojie , Xu Wenxue , Xin Jingyao , Ouyang Wanli , Fan Guisheng , Zheng Lirong , Tan Yang , Hu Zhiqiang , Xiong Yi , Feng Yan , Yang Guangyu , Liu Qian , Song Jie , Liu Jia , Hong Liang , Tan Pan
Published: November 2024

Designing protein mutants with both high stability and activity is a critical yet challenging task in protein engineering. Here, we introduce PRIME, a deep learning model, which can suggest protein mutants with improved stability and activity without any prior experimental mutagenesis data for the specified protein. Leveraging temperature-aware language modeling, PRIME demonstrated superior predictive ability compared to current state-of-the-art models on the public mutagenesis dataset across 283 protein assays. Furthermore, we validated PRIME’s predictions on five proteins, examining the impact of the top 30 to 45 single-site mutations on various protein properties, including thermal stability, antigen-antibody binding affinity, and the ability to polymerize nonnatural nucleic acid or resilience to extreme alkaline conditions. More than 30% of PRIME-recommended mutants exhibited superior performance compared to their premutation counterparts across all proteins and desired properties. We developed an efficient and effective method based on PRIME to rapidly obtain multisite mutants with enhanced activity and stability. Hence, PRIME demonstrates broad applicability in protein engineering.
Coordinated behavior of autonomous microscopic machines through local electronic pulse coupling
Authors: Taghavi Milad , Wang Wei , Shim Kyubum , Zhang Jinsong , Cohen Itai , Apsel Alyssa
Published: November 2024

Increasingly functional microscopic machines are poised to have massive technical influence in areas including targeted drug delivery, precise surgical interventions, and environmental remediation. Such functionalities would increase markedly if collections of these microscopic machines were able to coordinate their function to achieve cooperative emergent behaviors. Implementing such coordination, however, requires a scalable strategy for synchronization—a key stumbling block for achieving collective behaviors of multiple autonomous microscopic units. Here, we show that pulse-coupled complementary metal-oxide semiconductor oscillators offer a tangible solution for such scalable synchronization. Specifically, we designed low-power oscillating modules with attached mechanical elements that exchange electronic pulses to advance their neighbor’s phase until the entire system is synchronized with the fastest oscillator or “leader.” We showed that this strategy is amenable to different oscillator connection topologies. The cooperative behaviors were robust to disturbances that scrambled the synchronization. In addition, when connections between oscillators were severed, the resulting subgroups synchronized on their own. This advance opens the door to functionalities in microscopic robot swarms that were once considered out of reach, ranging from autonomously induced fluidic transport to drive chemical reactions to cooperative building of physical structures at the microscale.
Targeting the PDE3B-cAMP-autophagy axis prevents liver injury in long-term supercooling liver preservation
Authors: Jiao Xingyuan , Li Yihu , Chen Zhihang , Zhang Qi , He Rui , Huang Yinbing , Zuo Zhixiang
Published: November 2024

In liver transplantation, donor livers are typically stored in a preservation solution at 4°C for up to 12 hours. However, this short preservation duration can lead to various issues, such as suboptimal donor-recipient matching and limited opportunities for organ sharing. Previous studies have developed a long-term preservation method called supercooling liver preservation (SLP) to address these issues. However, in this study using a rat model, we observed that long-term SLP led to more severe liver damage compared with clinically prevalent traditional static cold storage (SCS) for durations less than 8 hours. To understand the potential mechanism of SLP-induced liver injury, we conducted an integrative metabolomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analysis. We identified the PDE3B-cAMP-autophagy pathway as a key determinant of SLP-induced liver injury. Specifically, we found that PDE3B was elevated during SLP, which promoted a reduction of cAMP metabolites, triggering an AMPK-dependent autophagy process that led to liver injury in rats. We found that blocking the reduction in cAMP using the PDE3B inhibitor cilostamide inhibited autophagy and substantially ameliorated liver injury during 48-hour SLP in rat livers. Furthermore, we validated the effectiveness of cilostamide treatment in preventing liver injury in pig and human liver 48-hour SLP models. In summary, our results reveal that metabolic reprogramming involving the PDE3B-cAMP-autophagy axis is the key determinant of liver injury in long-term SLP and provide an early therapeutic strategy to prevent liver injury in this setting.
Identification of SLC35A1 as an essential host factor for the transduction of multi-serotype recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors
Authors: Zhang Xiujuan , Hao Siyuan , Feng Zehua , Ning Kang , Aksu Kuz Cagla , McFarlin Shane , Richart Donovan , Cheng Fang , Zhang-Chen Ander , McFarlane Richenda , Yan Ziying , Qiu Jianming
Published: November 2024

We conducted a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen in suspension 293 F cells transduced with rAAV5. The highly selected genes revealed after two rounds of screening included the previously reported
KIAA0319L
,
TM9SF2
, and
RNF121
, along with a cluster of genes involved in glycan biogenesis, Golgi apparatus localization, and endoplasmic reticulum penetration. In this report, we focused on solute carrier family 35 member A1 (
SLC35A1
), a Golgi apparatus-localized cytidine 5’-monophosphate-sialic acid (CMP-SIA) transporter. We confirmed that
SLC35A1
knockout (KO) significantly decreased rAAV5 transduction to a level lower than that observed in
KIAA0319L
or
TM9SF2
KO cells. Although
SLC35A1
KO drastically reduced the expression of α2,6-linked SIA on the cell surface, the expression of α2,3-linked SIA, as well as the cell binding and internalization of rAAV5, was only moderately affected. Moreover,
SLC35A1
KO significantly diminished the transduction of AAV multi-serotypes, including rAAV2 and rAAV3, which do not utilize SIAs for primary attachment. Notably, the SLC35A1 KO markedly increased transduction of rAAV9 and rAAV11, which primarily attach to cells via binding to galactose. Further analyses revealed that
SLC35A1
KO significantly decreased vector nuclear import. More importantly, although the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail deletion (∆C Tail) mutant of SLC35A1 did not drastically decrease SIA expression, it significantly decreased rAAV transduction, as well as vector nuclear import, suggesting that the C-tail is critical in these processes. Furthermore, the T128A mutant significantly decreased SIA expression but still supported rAAV transduction and nuclear import. These findings highlight the involvement of the CMP-SIA transporter in the intracellular trafficking of rAAV vectors post-internalization.

IMPORTANCE

rAAV is an essential tool for gene delivery in the treatment of genetic disorders; however, the mechanisms of rAAV transduction remain partially understood. GPR108 is vital for the transduction of most rAAV vectors, but not for rAAV5. We aimed to identify host factors that impact AAV5 transduction akin to GPR108. Using a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen in 293 F cells, we identified SLC35A1, a Golgi apparatus-localized CMP-sialic acid transporter that transports CMP-sialic acid from the cytoplasm into the Golgi apparatus for sialylation, is essential to rAAV transduction. Further studies across various AAV serotypes showed SLC35A1 significantly affects vector nuclear import post-internalization. These results underscore the crucial role of SLC35A1 in intracellular trafficking beyond the initial cell attachment of rAAV.
Complete genomes of
Mucilaginibacter sabulilitoris
SNA2 and
Mucilaginibacter
sp. cycad4: microbes with the potential for plant growth promotion
Authors: Hirsch Ann M. , Humm Ethan , Rubbi Liudmilla , Del Vecchio Giorgia , Ha Sung Min , Pellegrini Matteo , Gunsalus Robert P.
Published: November 2024

Mucilaginibacter
species have been isolated from various environments, often in association with plants. Here, we report the complete genomes of
Mucilaginibacter sabulilitoris
SNA2 and
Mucilaginibacter
sp. cycad4. The former is the first available for that species, and based on 16S sequence analysis, the latter strain is likely a new species.
Improving the maternity experience for Black, African, Caribbean and mixed-Black families in an integrated care system: a multigroup community and interprofessional co-production prioritisation exercise using nominal group technique
Authors: Aryasinghe Sarindi , Averill Phoebe , Waithe Carole , Ibuanokpe Susan , Newby-Mayers Rhianna , Lakhdar Nawal , Amine Sylla Moussa , Cox Elizabeth , Das Sabrina , Mayer Erik
Published: November 2024

Background

Ethnic inequities in maternity care persist in England for Black, African, Caribbean and mixed-Black heritage families, resulting in poorer care experiences and health outcomes than other minoritised ethnic groups. Co-production using an integrated care approach is crucial for reducing these disparities and improving care quality and safety. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the alignment of health and local authority professional perspectives with community needs on how to improve maternity experiences for this ethnic group within a London integrated care system (ICS).

Methods

Between March and June 2024, five workshops were conducted with health professionals, local authorities, voluntary, community and social enterprise (VCSE) sector and the public from Black, African, Caribbean and mixed-Black heritage backgrounds across the North West London ICS. Using the nominal group technique (NGT), attendees prioritised ideas to improve the experience of maternity care for families from Black, African, Caribbean and mixed-Black heritage backgrounds, which were thematically synthesised using framework analysis.

Results

Fifty-four attendees, covering primary, secondary, regional and national health professionals, public health teams from three local authorities, VCSE sector and the public, generated 89 potential interventions across 11 themes. All attendees prioritised improving staff knowledge and capacity in culturally competent care and communication. Community-identified needs for advocacy mechanisms and mental health support throughout the maternity pathway were not reflected in professional priorities.

Conclusion

The study highlights the need for an integrated, community-centred approach beyond hospital settings when addressing ethnic inequities in maternity care, recognising key differences between community and professional priorities within an ICS. Leveraging lived experience expertise to lead the NGT community workshops was essential in building trust and buy-in of the overall prioritisation process.
The hopfion structure in DNA knots
Authors: Wang Ying , Su Xuchang , Zhang Lei , Shi Xuguang
Published: November 2024

DNA topology has long been a focal point of interdisciplinary research. From the White–Calugareanu formula describing double helices and supercoiling to the Hopf theory representing torus knots in DNA, researchers have extensively studied the complex topological structures of DNA. However, further research is needed to understand the relationship between DNA knot structures and their specific overall twisting and supercoiling numbers. This paper utilizes Φ-mapping topological current theory to construct Hopfions in DNA, aiming to describe torus knots in DNA. Additionally, leveraging Hopf theory, it identifies the Hopf charge as a topological invariant in DNA knots, combined with the White formula to explore the quantitative relationship between DNA topology and its structural deformations. This provides a novel perspective for investigating the topological properties of DNA.
Intelligent Bayesian Neural Networks for Stochastic SVIS Epidemic Dynamics: Vaccination Strategies and Prevalence Fractions with Wiener Process
Authors: Anwar Nabeela , Shahzadi Kiran , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor , Ahmad Iftikhar , Shoaib Muhammad , Kiani Adiqa Kausar
Published: November 2024

Real-time forecasting of infectious diseases is crucial for effective public health management, particularly during outbreaks. When infectious disease predictions are based on mechanistic models, they can guide resource allocation and help evaluate the potential effects of different interventions. However, accurately parametrizing these models in real time presents a challenge, as timely information on behavioral shifts, interventions and transmission pathways is often lacking. This investigation leverages the artificial neural networks with the Bayesian regularization (BR-ANN) backpropagation approach to examine the dynamical pathogen spread with Wiener process incorporation. The stochastic differential model is structured into susceptible, vaccinated, infectious and susceptible (SVIS) compartments. The Kloeden–Platen–Schurz (KPS) computing paradigm for the stochastic differential system is utilized to generate synthetic datasets by applying transformations to key factors, including the population recruitment ratio, transmission ratio of vulnerable individuals, natural death rate of the population, vaccination rate of vulnerable individuals, total population size, immune loss ratio of susceptible individuals, recovery rate and mortality rate from the disease among infected individuals. Random selection from the generated datasets is exploited for the training and testing procedures for constructing the BR-ANN networks. The significance of the proposed scheme for various stochastic SVIS system scenarios is endorsed by the comprehensive assessments of the BR-ANN approach that are conducted by means of extensive experimentations and comparison with the reference KPS solutions of the SVIS system in terms of MSE optimal performance plots, absolute errors, autocorrelation analysis, regression indices and error histograms.
Boundness in almost Dedekind domains
Authors: Spirito Dario
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we study different forms of boundness for ideals of almost Dedekind domains, generalizing the notions of critical ideals, radical factorization, and SP-domains. We show that every almost Dedekind domain has at least one non-critical maximal ideal and, indeed, the set of non-critical maximal ideals is dense in the maximal space, with respect to the constructible topology; as a consequence, we show that every almost Dedekind domain is SP-scattered, and in particular that the group [Formula: see text] of invertible ideals of an almost Dedekind domain [Formula: see text] is always free. If [Formula: see text] is an almost Dedekind domain with nonzero Jacobson radical, we also show that there is at least one element whose ideal function is bounded.
Unveiling scale-free networks through exploring the graph theoretic properties from prime squared Jordan totient function
Authors: Sreenivasulu Reddy L. , Neena K. R.
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we define a Jordan totient graph as an undirected graph with a vertex set [Formula: see text] consisting of first [Formula: see text] natural numbers, where [Formula: see text] is an odd prime, and an edge set [Formula: see text] consisting of a pair of distinct nodes with the property that these two along with n have no common divisor greater than one. Our investigation focuses on three primary objectives. First, we examine the applicability of standard graph-theoretic concepts to Jordan totient graphs, specifically exploring instances where the graph parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are derived from the Jordan totient function [Formula: see text]. Second, we develop a combinatorial formula to enumerate the number of triangles within these graphs for given [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Finally, we propose a model for scalable free social networks using Jordan totient graphs, differentiating between two groups of entities: one with internal isolation but external connections, and the other with unrestricted relationships.
The effect of high-intensity exercise in temperate and hot ambient conditions on autophagy and the cellular stress response in young and older females
Authors: McCormick James J. , Goulet Nicholas , King Kelli E. , Fujii Naoto , Amano Tatsuro , Kenny Glen P.
Published: November 2024

We show for the first time that an acute bout (30 min) of high-intensity intensity exercise stimulates autophagy in young females irrespective of ambient heat exposure. However, older females did not display the same increase in autophagy as their younger counterparts when high-intensity exercise was performed in temperate or hot ambient conditions. Consequently, older females may be at an elevated risk of heat-induced cellular damage during exertional heat stress.
Transfer Payments and Regional Total Factor Productivity: Evidence From China
Authors: Cao Zhiwei , Wu Baijun , Liu Sha
Published: November 2024

Through theoretical analysis and empirical test, the following conclusions are drawn: Firstly, the benchmark test proves that transfer payments (TPs) significantly promote regional TFP. Secondly, the conclusions of this paper are still valid after using the system GMM model and instrumental variable method to deal with the endogeneity problem. Thirdly, heterogeneity analysis shows that TPs have a greater impact on TFP in the central and western regions, and general TPs and special TPs significantly promote regional TFP. Fourthly, mechanism analysis shows that TPs promote regional TFP through two channels: narrowing the financial gap between local governments and reducing the vertical fiscal imbalance between central and local governments. Because the balanced distribution of financial resources means the effective supply of public goods, all regions have the conditions to optimize the allocation of resources and improve the efficiency of resource use. Based on this, it is still necessary to implement the TPs system. Also, there is a need to optimize the TP rules.
An Advanced Forecasting Model Leveraging Emotion‐Gesture Correlation to Predict Returning Visitors Surpasses Visit Duration as a Predictive Factor
Authors: Heraz Alicia , Sajith Nandith , Siddiqi Abdullah
Published: November 2024

This research paper explores the effectiveness of user emotional experience as a predictor for future returning of the user to the website. Traditional web analytics have been limited in their ability to accurately capture the nuances of user experiences. Methods like eye tracking, speech tracking, and surveys, while insightful, often suffer from being overly intrusive, leading to biased results. This study introduces a state of the art, nonintrusive method of measuring user experience: touch‐gesture based emotion measurement. This technique leverages the subconscious nature of touch gestures to gather emotional data, allowing for a more authentic and unbiased user interaction with websites. To leverage this method, we first gained explicit data collection consent and gathered browsing data from 164,527 users across a 1‐year period on a Canadian e‐commerce website visited from a touchscreen device. While the sample size is significantly large, the sample is primarily made up of visitors from Canada, which could limit generalization of the findings. Using this data, we implemented an AI model which predicts whether a user is likely to return to the website or not, primarily based on their emotional touch gestures on their first visit with an accuracy of 91.7%. This approach not only enhances our understanding of user engagement but also opens new avenues for optimizing user experience in untested digital spaces such as e‐learning and mental health.
Approximate Solution of an Integrodifferential Equation Generalized by Harry Dym Equation Using the Picard Successive Method
Authors: Darghoth Rabeea Mohammed Hani
Published: November 2024

In this study, we discuss the approximate solution of the Harry Dym nonlinear partial differential equation and its integrodifferential version. We first construct the Picard successive approximation for the equations under consideration. Then, we give a detailed calculation of the approximate solution for two cases of the partial Harry Dym integrodifferential equation. The approximate solutions are illustrated for some chosen values of the arbitrary constants. The efficiency of this semianalytical method is demonstrated through discussing the regions of the domain with small errors as well as by extracting the exact solution from the limit of the approximation.
Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome in the Setting of Normonatremia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Zach Rose V. , Barletta Jeffrey F. , Zach Victor
Published: November 2024

Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) is a rare complication associated with rapid sodium changes, typically encountered in patients with severe hyponatremia. ODS in patients with normonatremia (ODSIN) is less recognized. We describe a patient with MRI‐detected ODSIN following neurotrauma and reviewed the relevant literature. We present a 57‐year‐old female with subdural hematoma following ground‐level fall. Her initial sodium was 140 mEq/L but over 2 days, rose 17 mEq/L, peaking at 157 mEq/L. On exam, unexplainable, unexpected left‐sided hemiplegia with weakness sparing her face were noted; ODS was suspected. MRI revealed central pontine T2 hyperintensity, T1 hypointensity, and FLAIR hyperintensity. Treatment included gradual lowering of sodium with normal saline and free water. She was discharged to a skilled nursing facility (SNF) with sodium 138 mEq/L and upon 4‐year follow‐up had moderate disability and required some assistance to support activities of daily living. Our literature search yielded 23 cases (22 normonatremic; 1 where normonatremia progressed to hypernatremia). Common signs/symptoms were hyperreflexia, dysarthria, and gait disturbance. Common comorbidities were alcoholism, dialysis, and renal disease/failure. Cranial MRI confirmed all cases, frequently revealing central pontine T2 and FLAIR hyperintensity and T1 hypointensity. Our review further characterizes the diverse etiologies, clinical course, and radiographic features of ODSIN. Clinicians should consider this diagnosis when neurological symptoms occur even in the setting of normonatremia.
Enhancing Security in Smart Renewable Energy Grids Through Proxy Signcryption Approach
Authors: Patil Rachana Y. , Patil Yogesh H. , Louzazni Mohamed , Patil Rajkumar Bhimgonda , Al-Dahidi Sameer
Published: November 2024

The rapid development of smart renewable energy grids (SREGs) has resulted in a vast amount of data that requires efficient access control and secure mechanisms for sharing energy records among stakeholders. This paper proposes a novel approach called the identity‐based proxy signcryption‐based scheme for SREGs (ID‐PSC‐SREGs), which ensures the secure sharing of energy records in SREGs. The ID‐PSC‐SREG scheme integrates the benefits of signature and encryption techniques, merging them into a unified algorithm and providing a comprehensive solution for the confidentiality and authenticity of energy records. Extensive security analysis demonstrates that the scheme achieves provable security against adaptive chosen ciphertext attacks (IND‐ID‐PSC‐SREG‐CCA2) and existential unforgeability against adaptive chosen message attacks (EUF‐ID‐PSC‐SREG‐CMAs) under the decisional Diffie–Hellman problem. In order to further ascertain the security of the ID‐PSC‐SREG scheme, formal verification utilizing the automated validation of internet security protocols and applications (AVISPAs) is performed. The results confirm the scheme’s safety under the On‐the‐Fly Model‐Checker (OFMC) and Constraint Logic‐based Attack Searcher (CL‐AtSe).
Simulation of Hydrogen‐Induced Cracking Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steel 316L With Phase‐Field Method
Authors: Yang Fuqiang , Li Xiangdong , Zhang Jianzhou , Fang Xiurong
Published: November 2024

Hydrogen‐induced cracking (HIC) is one of the main failure modes of hydrogen after entering the material. In this paper, the hydrogen‐induced fracture behavior of austenitic stainless steel (316L) was studied, electrochemical hydrogen charging and mechanical testing of 316L were carried out, the stress–strain curves of samples before and after hydrogen charging were analyzed, and a phase‐field model of hydrogen embroilment fracture was established to study the hydrogen‐induced fracture behavior of 316L based on weak bond theory, Fick’s law, and energy phase‐field formula. The numerical results show that hydrogen can significantly reduce the material’s tensile strength and fracture strain, resulting in the loss of plasticity. Under the action of applied load, hydrogen is enriched in the stress concentration position, which increases the hydrogen concentration in this area, reduces the atomic bonding force and the critical energy release rate, increases the damage of the material, and causes damage fractures. The length‐scale parameter (l) has no effect on the crack path, and the increase of the l will lead to the reduction of the maximum bearing capacity of the specimen. The hydrostatic pressure distribution is consistent with the hydrogen concentration distribution, and the hydrogen concentration is enriched at a higher hydrostatic pressure before the material is completely damaged and fractured, while the hydrogen concentration at the tip of the new crack decreases after the material fails and fractures.
Development and Characterization of a Lysosome-Targeting SLC3A2/PD-L1 Bispecific Antibody–Drug Conjugate for Enhanced Antitumor Efficacy in Solid Tumors
Authors: Wang Zeng , Zheng Meijun , Li Mengyao , Lu Huaqing , Liu Nanxi , Chen Yongdong , Yang Nian , Zeng Wanqin , Dong Yijun , Li Jia , Zhu Zhixiong , Yang Chen , Zhang Zongliang , Lu Qizhong , Li Hexian , Zhou Liangxue , Yang Hui , Tong Aiping
Published: November 2024

Bispecific antibodies (BsAb) and antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) have shown significant promise in cancer treatment, enhancing drug selectivity and therapeutic efficacy as demonstrated in multiple clinical studies. Bispecific antibody-drug conjugates (BsADC), which combine the targeting capabilities of BsAbs with the cytotoxic potential of ADCs, offer a novel approach to overcoming several challenges associated with ADCs, including limited internalization, off-target toxicity, and drug resistance. In this study, we identified solute carrier family 3 member 2 (SLC3A2) as a highly expressed protein in a variety of solid tumors, making it a promising therapeutic target. We developed a BsAb targeting SLC3A2 and PD-L1 and conjugated it to monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) to create the SLC3A2/PD-L1 BsADC. The SLC3A2/PD-L1 BsAb effectively blocked PD-1 binding to PD-L1 and activated T cells while also facilitating lysosomal targeting and degradation of poorly internalized PD-L1 antibodies. The SLC3A2/PD-L1 BsADC demonstrated superior antitumor efficacy in PD-L1 low-expressing tumor cells compared with single-target ADCs in both in vitro studies and in multiple xenograft and immunocompetent mouse models. Overall, our engineered SLC3A2/PD-L1 BsADC exhibited enhanced internalization and improved tumor cell targeting, highlighting the potential of lysosome-targeting BsAbs in advancing ADC therapeutic strategies for solid tumors.
New Approvals Advancing Blood Cancer Medicine
Authors:   The AACR Cancer Progress Report 2024 Steering Committee
Published: November 2024

Recent advancements in clinical tools for blood cancers are highlighted in this article, adapted from the 14th edition of the annual AACR Cancer Progress Report (https://cancerprogressreport.aacr.org/progress/) to the US Congress and the public.
Table S3 from Determining the N-Glycan and Collagen/Extracellular Matrix Protein Compositions in a Novel Outcome Cohort of Prostate Cancer Tissue Microarrays Using MALDI-MSI
Authors: Hartig Jordan P. , Bejar Kaitlyn , Young Lyndsay E.A. , Grimsley Grace , Bethard Jennifer R. , Troyer Dean A. , Hernandez Javier , Wu Jennifer D. , Ippolito Joseph E. , Ball Lauren E. , Gelfond Jonathan A.L. , Johnson-Pais Teresa L. , Mehta Anand S. , Leach Robin J. , Angel Peggi M. , Drake Richard R.
Published: November 2024

Collagenase-digested peptide LCMS list
Figure S7 from Determining the N-Glycan and Collagen/Extracellular Matrix Protein Compositions in a Novel Outcome Cohort of Prostate Cancer Tissue Microarrays Using MALDI-MSI
Authors: Hartig Jordan P. , Bejar Kaitlyn , Young Lyndsay E.A. , Grimsley Grace , Bethard Jennifer R. , Troyer Dean A. , Hernandez Javier , Wu Jennifer D. , Ippolito Joseph E. , Ball Lauren E. , Gelfond Jonathan A.L. , Johnson-Pais Teresa L. , Mehta Anand S. , Leach Robin J. , Angel Peggi M. , Drake Richard R.
Published: November 2024

ROC Curves for EndoF3 data
Figure S3 from Determining the N-Glycan and Collagen/Extracellular Matrix Protein Compositions in a Novel Outcome Cohort of Prostate Cancer Tissue Microarrays Using MALDI-MSI
Authors: Hartig Jordan P. , Bejar Kaitlyn , Young Lyndsay E.A. , Grimsley Grace , Bethard Jennifer R. , Troyer Dean A. , Hernandez Javier , Wu Jennifer D. , Ippolito Joseph E. , Ball Lauren E. , Gelfond Jonathan A.L. , Johnson-Pais Teresa L. , Mehta Anand S. , Leach Robin J. , Angel Peggi M. , Drake Richard R.
Published: November 2024

Glycan Classification Visual
Figure S17 from Determining the N-Glycan and Collagen/Extracellular Matrix Protein Compositions in a Novel Outcome Cohort of Prostate Cancer Tissue Microarrays Using MALDI-MSI
Authors: Hartig Jordan P. , Bejar Kaitlyn , Young Lyndsay E.A. , Grimsley Grace , Bethard Jennifer R. , Troyer Dean A. , Hernandez Javier , Wu Jennifer D. , Ippolito Joseph E. , Ball Lauren E. , Gelfond Jonathan A.L. , Johnson-Pais Teresa L. , Mehta Anand S. , Leach Robin J. , Angel Peggi M. , Drake Richard R.
Published: November 2024

Segmentation analysis of data obtained from full tissue COLaseIII digest
Figure S15 from Determining the N-Glycan and Collagen/Extracellular Matrix Protein Compositions in a Novel Outcome Cohort of Prostate Cancer Tissue Microarrays Using MALDI-MSI
Authors: Hartig Jordan P. , Bejar Kaitlyn , Young Lyndsay E.A. , Grimsley Grace , Bethard Jennifer R. , Troyer Dean A. , Hernandez Javier , Wu Jennifer D. , Ippolito Joseph E. , Ball Lauren E. , Gelfond Jonathan A.L. , Johnson-Pais Teresa L. , Mehta Anand S. , Leach Robin J. , Angel Peggi M. , Drake Richard R.
Published: November 2024

Annotated LCMS spectra for COL1A2;COL2A1