bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of pre-industrial to present-day anthropogenic climate forcing in UKESM1
Authors: O'Connor Fiona M. , Abraham N. Luke , Dalvi Mohit , Folberth Gerd , Griffiths Paul , Hardacre Catherine , Johnson Ben T. , Kahana Ron , Keeble James , Kim Byeonghyeon , Morgenstern Olaf , Mulcahy Jane P. , Richardson Mark G. , Robertson Eddy , Seo Jeongbyn , Shim Sungbo , Teixeira Joao C. , Turnock Steven , Williams Jonny , Wiltshire Andy , Zeng Guang
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Quantifying forcings from anthropogenic perturbations to the Earth System (ES) is important for understanding changes in climate since the pre-industrial period. In this paper, we quantify and analyse a wide range of present-day (PD) anthropogenic climate forcings with the UK's Earth System Model (ESM), UKESM1, following the protocols defined by the Radiative Forcing Model Intercomparison Project (RFMIP) and the Aerosol and Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project (AerChemMIP). In particular, by quantifying effective radiative forcings (ERFs) that include rapid adjustments within a full ESM, it enables the role of various climate-chemistry-aerosol-cloud feedbacks to be quantified. Global mean ERFs are 1.83, 0.13, −0.33, and 0.93 W m−2 at the PD (Year 2014) relative to the pre-industrial (PI; Year 1850) for carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, ozone-depleting substances, and methane, respectively. The PD total greenhouse gas ERF is 2.89 W m−2, larger than the sum of the individual GHG ERFs. UKESM1 has an aerosol forcing of −1.13 W m−2. A relatively strong negative forcing from aerosol-cloud interactions and a small negative instantaneous forcing from aerosol-radiation interactions are partially offset by a substantial forcing from black carbon absorption. Internal mixing and chemical interactions mean that neither the forcing from aerosol-radiation interactions nor aerosol-cloud interactions are linear, making the total aerosol ERF less than the sum of the individual speciated aerosol ERFs. Tropospheric ozone precursors, in addition to exerting a positive forcing due to ozone, lead to oxidant changes which in turn cause an indirect aerosol ERF, altering the sign of the net ERF from nitrogen oxide emissions. Together, aerosol and tropospheric ozone precursors (near-term climate forcers, NTCFs) exert a global mean ERF of −1.12 W m−2, mainly due to changes in the cloud radiative effect. There is also a negative PD ERF from land use (−0.32 W m−2). It is outside the range of previous estimates, and is most likely due to too strong an albedo response. In combination, the net anthropogenic ERF is potentially biased low (1.61 W m−2) relative to other estimates, due to the inclusion of non-linear feedbacks and ES interactions. By including feedbacks between greenhouse gases, stratospheric and tropospheric ozone, aerosols, and clouds, some of which act non-linearly, this work demonstrates the importance of ES interactions when quantifying climate forcing. It also suggests that rapid adjustments need to include chemical as well as physical adjustments to fully account for complex ES interactions.
Fast responses on pre-industrial climate from present-day aerosols in a CMIP6 multi-model study
Authors: Zanis Prodromos , Akritidis Dimitris , Georgoulias Aristeidis K. , Allen Robert J. , Bauer Susanne E. , Boucher Olivier , Cole Jason , Johnson Ben , Deushi Makoto , Michou Martine , Mulcahy Jane , Nabat Pierre , Olivie Dirk , Oshima Naga , Sima Adriana , Schulz Michael , Takemura Toshihiko
Published: February 2020

Abstract. In this work, we use Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) simulations from 10 Earth System Models (ESMs) and General Circulation Models (GCMs) to study the fast climate responses on pre-industrial climate, due to present-day aerosols. All models carried out two sets of simulations; a control experiment with all forcings set to the year 1850 and a perturbation experiment with all forcings identical to the control, except for aerosols with precursor emissions set to the year 2014. In response to the pattern of all aerosols effective radiative forcing (ERF), the fast temperature responses are characterised by cooling over the continental areas, especially in the Northern Hemisphere, with the largest cooling over East Asia and India, sulfate being the dominant aerosol surface temperature driver for present-day emissions. In the Arctic there is a warming signal for winter in the ensemble mean of fast temperature responses, but the model-to-model variability is large, and it is presumably linked to aerosol induced circulation changes. The largest fast precipitation responses are seen in the tropical belt regions, generally characterized by a reduction over continental regions and a southward shift of the tropical rain belt. This is a characteristic and robust feature among most models in this study, associated with a southward shift of the Intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and a weakening of the monsoon systems around the globe (Asia, Africa and America) in response to hemispherically asymmetric cooling from a Northern Hemisphere aerosol perturbation, leading the ITCZ and tropical precipitation to shift away from the cooled hemispheric pattern. An interesting feature in aerosol induced circulation changes is a characteristic dipole pattern with intensification of the Icelandic Low and an anticyclonic anomaly over Southeastern Europe, inducing warm air advection towards the northern polar latitudes in winter.
Temperature response measurements from eucalypts give insight
into the impact of Australian isoprene emissions on air quality in
2050
Authors: Emmerson Kathryn M. , Possell Malcolm , Aspinwall Michael J. , Pfautsch Sebastian , Tjoelker Mark G.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Predicting future air quality in Australian cities dominated by eucalypt emissions requires an understanding of their emission potentials in a warmer climate. Here we measure the temperature response in isoprene emissions from saplings of four different Eucalyptus species grown under current and future average summertime temperature conditions. The future conditions represent a 2050 climate under Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5, with average daytime temperatures of 294.5 K. Ramping the temperature from 293 K to 328 K resulted in these eucalypts emitting isoprene at temperatures 4–9 K higher than default maximum emission temperature in the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN). New basal emission rate measurements were obtained at the standard conditions of 303 K leaf temperature and 1000 μmol m−2 s−1 photosynthetically active radiation and converted into landscape emission factors. We applied the eucalypt temperature responses and emission factors to Australian trees within MEGAN and ran the CSIRO Chemical Transport Model for three summertime campaigns in Australia. Compared to the default model, the new temperature responses resulted in less isoprene emission in the morning and more during hot afternoons, improving the statistical fit of modelled to observed ambient isoprene. Compared to current conditions, an additional 2 ppb of isoprene is predicted in 2050 causing hourly increases up to 21 ppb of ozone and 24-hourly increases of 0.4 μg m−3 of aerosol in Sydney. This forecasted increase in ozone is one fifth of the hourly Australian air quality limit and suggests anthropogenic NOx should be further reduced to maintain healthy air quality in future.
Atmospheric deposition of organic matter at a remote site in the Central Mediterranean Sea: implications for marine ecosystem
Authors: Galletti Yuri , Becagli Silvia , di Sarra Alcide , Gonnelli Margherita , Pulido-Villena Elvira , Sferlazzo Damiano M. , Traversi Rita , Vestri Stefano , Santinelli Chiara
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Atmospheric fluxes of dissolved organic matter (DOM) were studied for the first time at the Island of Lampedusa, a remote site in the Central Mediterranean Sea (Med Sea), close to the Sahara desert, between 19 March 2015 and 1 April 2017. The main goals of this work are: to quantify total atmospheric deposition of DOM in this area and to evaluate the impact of dust deposition on DOM dynamics in the surface waters of the Mediterranean Sea. Our data show high variability in DOM deposition rates without a clear seasonality and allow to estimate a dissolved organic carbon (DOC) input from the atmosphere of 120.7 mmol DOC m−2 yr−1. Over the entire time-series, the average dissolved organic phosphorous (DOP) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) contributions to the total dissolved pools were 40 % and 26 %, respectively. The data on atmospheric elemental ratios also show that each deposition event is characterized by a specific elemental ratio, suggesting a high variability in DOM composition and the presence of multiple sources. This study indicates that the organic substances transported by Saharan dust at Lampedusa site mainly have natural origin, especially from sea spray and that Saharan dust can be an important carrier of organic substances, even if the load of DOC associated with dust is highly variable. Our estimates suggest that atmospheric input has an impact to the Med Sea larger than to the global ocean and that DOC fluxes from the atmosphere to the Med Sea can be up to 6-fold larger than river input. Longer time series, combined with a modelling effort, are therefore mandatory in order to investigate the response of DOM dynamics in the Med Sea to the change in aerosol deposition pattern due to the effect of climate change.
Earthquake preparedness among religious minority groups: The case of the Jewish ultra-orthodox society in Israel
Authors: Erblich Tehila , Orr Zvika , Gottlieb Shifra , Barnea Osnat , Weinstein Moshe , Agnon Amotz
Published: February 2020

Abstract. To work effectively, emergency management systems that address the threat of an earthquake must consider the needs of minority groups. Studies have been conducted regarding earthquake preparedness among marginalized social-cultural groups and on ways to improve it. However, very few studies have examined this in the context of religious minority groups, even though religious frameworks can have an impact on emergency preparedness. This study examined the effects of religious beliefs and customs on earthquake preparedness among the Jewish ultra-orthodox community in Israel, a significant religious minority with unique social, cultural, and economic characteristics. Findings obtained using mixed methods that included a survey and in-depth interviews demonstrated that the majority of the community had a low level of hazard knowledge and a high level of disbelief that a devastating earthquake would occur in their area in the near future. This is despite a long-documented history of earthquakes that devastated the Levant. Low exposure to media, insularity of educational institutions, and suspicious attitudes toward state authorities were shown to hinder preparedness, whilst strong social capital improves it. Religious beliefs affected preparedness both positively and negatively. Practical recommendations for policymakers to improve preparedness in religiously diverse societies include receiving support from religious leaders and adapting technologies and information to be religiously appropriate. The findings establish that religion is a significant factor that influences all stages of disaster response and consequently, must be taken into consideration when attempting to upgrade preparedness.
Revisión histórica de la prensa satírica española hasta la actualidad: La revista 'Mongolia' y su salto audiovisual a La Sexta y Flooxer
Authors: Gascón-Vera Patricia
Published: February 2020

La prensa satírica española ha evolucionado junto con la sociedad hasta la actualidad donde cabeceras como Mongolia siguen la estela de antecedentes como El Papus o Hermano Lobo. El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido relacionar la historia de la prensa satírica con el proyecto periodístico Mongolia y su traslación al mundo audiovisual, para conocer qué aportan las fórmulas satíricas transmedia a la cultura comunicativa. La investigación se ha trabajado desde un enfoque novedoso. Para ello, se han revisado los proyectos exponenciales de la historia de la prensa satírica y, para conocer la fórmula de Mongolia, se ha efectuado un análisis de contenido de los espacios Informe Mongolia, La Sexta y Mongolia te lo explica, Flooxer, junto con la entrevista a su cofundador. Como conclusiones, se comprueba que el salto visual aumenta la fidelización, posibilita una doble exposición de los contenidos y contribuye a la diversificación económica y mediática del proyecto.
La divulgación medioambiental televisiva en España: 'El escarabajo verde' (TVE2, 1997-act)
Authors: Llano Sánchez Rafael , Jiménez Jiménez Berta
Published: February 2020

Los 22 años de emisión semanal de El escarabajo verde es un éxito sin comparación en la historia de la televisión española. Máxime, cuando el interés por la ciencia no es grande en nuestra sociedad, y además la crisis económica ha supuesto una reducción importante del presupuesto de producción y personal para el programa. El artículo analiza los cambios de estructura del programa, de los géneros periodísticos, el papel del presentador, la especialización y el uso de redes sociales que han permitido a este espacio de La 2 no sólo sobrevivir, sino mejorar constantemente y dar lo que su fiel audiencia esperaba de él.
La fuente informativa como un indicador de la calidad periodística. El caso de la comunicación pública de la Arqueología
Authors: Maciá-Barber Carlos
Published: February 2020

Determinar en qué medida el reportero emplea sus fuentes —tipología, cantidad y solvencia— ayuda a valorar un significativo indicador de la excelencia del mensaje periodístico. La mejora de la calidad de la cobertura periodística sobre la arqueología es una reclamación recurrente del colectivo de arqueólogos. Darles voz —a quién, dónde, cuándo, cómo y por qué— guarda relación con su condición de actores protagonistas. Mediante el estudio de 16 variables esta investigación analiza el repertorio de fuentes en diarios de información general españoles (20 Minutos, El Mundo y La Vanguardia) (2016, n=107). El predominio de la noticia y de la crónica merma el número de fuentes que se emplean (<2 en el 54,2% de mensajes). Se concluye que los responsables de excavaciones son los informantes básicos (26,0%), lo que desmitifica al arqueólogo como un aventurero y muestra su tarea como un saber científico fundado en la investigación en equipo.
Pros y contras del remozado código deontológico de los periodistas catalanes
Authors: Marqués-Pascual Joaquín , González-Peláez Marta
Published: February 2020

La profesión periodística apuesta por un marco regulatorio que, además de la normativa pública aplicable a todos, se concreta en torno a un sistema autoregulatorio que tiene en los códigos deontológicos su elemento central de rendición de cuentas. Es el contexto donde este trabajo analiza el papel desarrollado por estos delimitadores éticos de la actividad profesional informativa. La revisión del código de los periodistas catalanes permite indagar hasta qué punto se han actualizado los principios éticos de la profesión y si se adaptan a un contexto donde el ciberperiodismo cobra mayor importancia. La presente investigación pone en contexto y compara la nueva versión del código deontológico catalán con la antigua, detectando las nuevas temáticas incorporadas por los revisores. A pesar de la inicial similar apariencia entre ambas versiones, existen en torno a una veintena de cambios que evidencian el trabajo desarrollado.
Podcasting y periodismo. Del periodismo radiofónico de inmediatez a la información radiofónica de calidad
Authors: Moreno Espinosa Pastora , Román San Miguel Aránzazu
Published: February 2020

La radio ha ido evolucionando y adaptándose a la evolución del periodismo a lo largo de los años. Siempre ha sido y será el medio fiel para los consumidores, ése al que poco le ha afectado la llegada de la televisión o internet. El mundo de posibilidades que la red global le ofrece al medio radiofónico lleva a la empresa de comunicación a explorar nuevas formas de hacer periodismo.

En este capítulo se aborda el fenómeno del podcasting y sus influencias presentes y futuras en el periodismo radiofónico.

Aunque hasta el momento el periodismo radiofónico ha sido sinónimo de inmediatez, el podcasting le aporta una mayor reflexión y calidad al contenido informativo, una información más contrastada, más análisis y más debate, sin límites de tiempo y espacio.
Truth as Literature: Ethics of Journalism and Reality in the Digital Society
Authors: Ruiz-Rico Manuel
Published: February 2020

Modern journalism emerged in the XIX century based on truth and reality. The rise of Romanticism in that century proposed an approach against the Enlightenment and its pillars: objectivity, positivism and realism. Unlike it, Romanticism claimed subjectivity and the self as the more authentic reality. Thus, it took beauty out of the base of aesthetics and put in its place communication and expression. With the arrival of Postmodernism, the notions of reality and truth have been in crisis too and so it proposes a moral and epistemological relativism. This view has been a permanent attack on journalism. This paper vindicates reality and truth, and so journalism as one of the main institutions based on those concepts, besides science. Therefore, journalism can be seen as the most necessary and genuine aesthetic in the current digital era because it takes and melts objectivity and realism from Illustration, communication and subjectivity from Romanticism, and impact from Postmodernism. In current network societies, journalism has rehabilitated a new narrative and is increasingly more based on stories than on news. That is creating a genuine literature of reality, which gathers both the ethic and the aesthetic project of the Enlightenment, Romanticism and Postmodernism.
Encuadre a la memoria mediática de la prensa chilena: Las noticias sobre la muerte del general Contreras
Authors: Tagle Montt Francisco Javier , Zúñiga Rodríguez Vanessa
Published: February 2020

El 5 de agosto de 2015 falleció el general chileno Manuel Contreras, director de la Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional entre 1973 y 1977, y quien cumplía 549 años de cárcel por violaciones a los Derechos Humanos. A partir de las noticias que generó su muerte, se estudió la memoria mediática que construyeron los principales periódicos del país en torno a la figura de este cuestionado general. Se propone que los diarios mediatizaron la muerte de Contreras y a partir de sus propias características encuadraron en determinados marcos: Rito Fúnebre; Derechos Humanos y Justicia, y Reacciones políticas.
Análisis y tipificación de formatos emergentes en el ciberperiodismo español: de la adaptación multimedia a la disrupción transmedia
Authors: Trillo-Domínguez Magdalena , Alberich-Pascual Jordi
Published: February 2020

En la actualidad el sector prensa se encuentra en un momento de profunda transformación, en el que el conjunto de los diarios digitales está desarrollando estrategias de adaptación de los medios al creciente entorno multimedia, hipertextual e interactivo. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo realizar la identificación y tipificación de los formatos periodísticos que están emergiendo en los nuevos medios a medida que las empresas y profesionales están consolidando su apuesta prioritaria por el entorno digital. Para ello, realizamos la revisión y análisis de la experiencia de adaptación desarrollada desde las nueve cabeceras de prensa local de Grupo Joly, así como de las experiencias de disrupción planteadas desde medios nativos digitales como El Confidencial, The Objective y PlayGround. Los resultados evidencian el momento de explosión de creatividad e innovación en los formatos emergentes del conjunto del ciberperiodismo español reciente.
Medios digitales en la Argentina: posibilidades y límites en tensión
Authors: Zunino Esteban , Grilli Fox Augusto
Published: February 2020

La digitalización de la prensa trastocó la profesión periodística irremediablemente. Nuevos consumos y procesos productivos impactaron de lleno en los contenidos de las agendas mediáticas y en sus lógicas de producción. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar las agendas informativas de los principales medios online de la Argentina. Específicamente, se pretende establecer cuál es el uso que los diarios hacen de las potencialidades de las plataformas digitales, cómo se componen temáticamente sus agendas y si existen variaciones entre medios de diferentes escalas. Los resultados demuestran que, en términos generales, los recursos propiamente digitales y de producción propia son escasos. Los temas centrales, tal como en la prensa gráfica, son principalmente aquellos ligados a la política y la economía. Finalmente, las diferencias de tamaño y capacidad productiva de las redacciones impactan en las formas y tipos de contenidos informativos.
Social Media Use in the Public Sector: The Evolving Legal Landscape & Unique Challenges
Authors: Ahmed Shamima
Published: February 2020

Social media, originally started as a personal and social networking tool, is now an essential resource in the workplace. The use of Facebook, Twitter, Blogs, Flickr, LinkedIn, YouTube and other social media applications in the workplace are not only widespread but are increasingly viewed as an essential resource. Employers use social media for recruitment, public relations, fundraising, disseminating information, instantaneous communication with stakeholders, and for many other purposes. Employees, on the other hand, use it for networking, job related activities, communication with colleagues about workplace issues, and often times for non-work related matters. The practical benefits of use of social media in the workplace cannot be overemphasized.
Fashioning Identities through Consumption: Clothes, Class, and Gender in the First World War Fictionalized Epistolary Column
Authors: Clewell Tammy
Published: February 2020

This article explores how the fictionalized epistolary column that appeared in three illustrated magazines during the First World War linked subtle differences in relatively affluent female readers’ class identification with a set of prescribed gendered practices governing women’s wartime consumption of clothes and entertainments. While the columns appearing in The Tatler, The Sketch, and The Bystander similarly encouraged female readers to support the war effort, they did so by promoting distinct versions of gender and consumption.
Langston Hughes,Esquire, and the Professional-Managerial Class
Authors: Congdon Brad
Published: February 2020

In 1934, Esquire used the prospective publication of Langston Hughes’s “A Good Job Gone” as a foundational event in the creation of the magazine’s readership. Esquire sought to interpolate a consuming male audience by soliciting feedback on the magazine’s features and surveying its readership’s response to the potential publication of Hughes’s story. In so doing, Esquire shaped a community of reading that was influential to the developing culture of the professional-managerial class. Though the Hughes episode played a distinct role in the creation of Esquire’s community of reading, “A Good Job Gone” actually complicates the masculinity project proffered by Esquire.
Static-Test Methods Most Commonly Used to Predict Acid-Mine Drainage
Authors: White W.W. , Lapakko K.A. , Cox R.L.
Published: February 2020

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is contaminated effluent from mines and mining wastes that results from the oxidation of iron-sulfide minerals exposed to air and water. The intensity and duration of AMD formation are complex functions of deposit geology, mineralogy, and hydrology, and the subsequent interaction of climactic conditions upon ore and waste when exposed by various mining methods. Because AMD can produce effluent containing acid- and heavy-metal concentrations that exceed water quality standards and is perceived as irreversible once started, it is one of the more vexing environmental problems facing land-managing agencies and the minerals industry today. Consequently, reliable prediction tools that quantify the risk for a particular mine waste to produce AMD are actively sought by the minerals industry and regulators.

Today numerous tools in the form of various laboratory “static”- and “kinetic”-predictive tests are available for fees that range from $35 to as much as $5,200 per sample. Static tests are short term (usually measured in hours or days) and relatively low cost per sample (from $35 to $135). Their objective is to provide an estimate of a mine waste's capacity to produce acid and its capacity to neutralize acid. One shortcoming of static tests is that they measure only the capacities for acid production and consumption and do not consider the differences between the respective dissolution rates of acid-producing and acid-consuming minerals. Another potential source of error inherent to static-test-data interpretation is the assumption that all acid-producing and acid-consuming minerals present will react completely, an assumption which ignores the influence of acid-producing and acid-consuming mineral particle-size and morphology.
Determination of the Source and Pathway of Cyanide-Bearing Mine Water Seepage
Authors: Filipek L.H.
Published: February 2020

All human activities, including mining, carry risks. The role of the environmental consultant in mining is to help design environmentally sound mining approaches and facilities, and also to solve problems quickly and effectively when something doesn’t work exactly as planned. This chapter shows an example of the type of geochemical problem that can be addressed within a very short time frame using simple, inexpensive geochemical tools. The name of the mine site is not given at the request of the mine owner.

The site is a gold mining operation in Nevada at an elevation of about 5500 feet above mean sea level. The area has an arid to semi-arid temperate climate, in which most of the precipitation occurs as snowfall. At the site, gold is extracted with cyanide in a mill. The mill waste, or tailing, is deposited in a drained tailing storage facility, shown on Figure 29.1.
Mobile Technologies and Knowledge Management in Higher Education Institutions: Students’ and Educators’ Perspectives
Authors: Alshehri Abdulelah , Cumming Therese M.
Published: February 2020

Mobile devices are increasingly included for knowledge management (KM) in academic contexts. The purpose of this study was to examine how the integration of mobile technologies affects KM among students and educators in higher education settings in Saudi Arabia. Interviews with educators and students at two universities explored the factors determining the use of mobile technologies for learning. Content analysis of the participants’ responses found that the students and educators perceived four key factors determining mobile technology use: the capacity of mobile technologies to enhance learning processes, teaching practices, and student-student and student-educator communicative interactions, and hardware and infrastructure components. The main conclusion was that Saudi universities must utilise mobile technologies to identify, encapsulate, transform, and disseminate usable knowledge effectively.
Impact of Knowledge Management (KM) on Human Resource Management (HRM) Performance Based on the ACHIEVE Model in Selected Banks of Amman – Jordan
Authors: Khawaldeh Ghadeer A.
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of knowledge management on human resource management performance based on the ACHIEVE model in selected banks of Amman. The population consisted of 43 employees in 4 Jordanian banks. Data was gathered by a questionnaire according to performance factors of ACHIEVE model. To identify and get rid of irrelevant variables, reliability analysis was conducted. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test was used to examine if variables are normally distributed. As the dependent variable being measured is ordinal, the Friedman test was performed. Furthermore, one-sample t-tests were conducted to investigate the influence of KM on HRM performance. In light of results, KM is significantly impact HRM performance. According to ACHIEVE model, Out of 5 factors, 4 of them were affected by KM with varying degrees. The incentive was the highest factor impact of KM, while an environment is the lowest. The research presents managerial guidance for decision making to develop HRM performance factors, in addition to many theoretical and practical implications. In the end, directions for further research are also included.
Pesquisar para quê?
Authors: Fontenelle Leonardo Ferreira , Dias Sarti Thiago
Published: February 2020

Para contribuir com a atenção primária à saúde, a pesquisa em medicina de família e comunidade precisa evitar quatro fatores que têm levado ao desperdício da pesquisa biomédica em nível mundial: questões de pesquisa irrelevantes; métodos inadequados para alcançar os objetivos da pesquisa; lentidão e inadequação da publicação dos resultados; relato da pesquisa obscuro e pouco transparente. Neste editorial, introduzimos medidas para os autores garantirem o impacto de sua pesquisa, e apresentamos novas políticas editoriais da RBMFC.
Das Verbot der präkonzeptionellen Geschlechtswahl
Authors: Opper Janet
Published: February 2020

Der Wunsch nach der Bestimmung des Geschlechts der eigenen Kinder ist kein neues Phänomen, sondern tief in der Geschichte der Menschheit verwurzelt. Das Embryonenschutzgesetz versagt diesem Geschlechterwunsch potentieller Eltern die Anerkennung. Die künstliche Befruchtung einer Eizelle mit geschlechtsselektierten Spermien steht grundsätzlich unter Strafe. Ausnahmen hiervon sind eng begrenzt. Ob dies verfassungsrechtlich gerechtfertigt werden kann untersucht die vorliegende Arbeit. Dabei werden die gegen die Geschlechtswahl vorgebrachten ethischen und gesellschaftspolitischen Argumente zunächst in verfassungsrechtliche Kategorien übersetzt. Die rezipierten Argumente werden dann im Lichte der grundrechtlichen Dogmatik analysiert und darüber hinaus durch eine eigens durchgeführte Studie ergänzt.
Mitgliedschaftseingriff und Normprägung
Authors: Geiger Jan-David
Published: February 2020

The book analyses a commonly used line of argument, known as “infringement of shareholder rights”. Courts and legal literature try to derive specific, unwritten legal consequences from an infringement of shareholder rights, such as, for example, the material control of the general assembly’s resolutions and unwritten responsibilities of the general assembly in company law or the so-called doctrine of a “core area” of shareholder rights. This line of argument supposes that legislators and the parties of a shareholder agreement may infringe shareholder rights by drafting deficient statutory or contractual rules. To the contrary, statutory and contractual rules define the substance of shareholder rights. Following the well-known doctrine stating that fundamental rights are defined by statutory law [“normgeprägte Grundrechte”] shareholder rights could be described as “normgeprägte Rechte” [rights defined by statutory law]. Therefore, a fundamental line of argument in company law is revealed to be a striking misconception, whose methodical consequences are to be analysed in detail.
Polizeibeamte als Berufszeugen in Strafverfahren
Authors: Theune Lukas
Published: February 2020

This work examines the particularities of police officers who appear as witnesses in criminal proceedings. First of all, the special characteristics of this group of witnesses are worked out. These are then examined from a psychological perspective with regard to their effects on the credibility of the witness statements. In an empirical section, these findings are then compared with the expertise of judges, prosecutors and defence lawyers. Finally, possible alternatives are discussed.

It becomes clear that police officers are granted a special status by judges and public prosecutors that cannot be justified from a psychological point of view considering the special characteristics that have a negative impact on their credibility. In fact, their statements would have to be subjected to particularly critical appraisal in practice.

The author is a lawyer and specialist for criminal law in Berlin.
Berücksichtigung statutsfremder Sicherheits- und Verhaltensregeln
Authors: Keßenich Florian
Published: February 2020

This study develops a consistent concept for the application of the special conflicts law rule of Art. 17 of the Rome II Regulation. The concept developed is subjected to a case study in cross-border prospectus liability law. The work is the first to demonstrate that Art. 17 of Rome II can be used to take into account the law of the marketplace in a methodologically convincing manner, and it thus makes a contribution not only to general private international law but also to international capital markets law.

In particular, economic reasons demand a link to the marketplace where securities have been issued. However, according to the current legal situation, the different residence rights of the investors have to be applied. As a consequence, the applicable law is fragmented from the issuer’s point of view (mosaic principle). This inappropriate situation can be corrected with the help of Art. 17 of Rome II, and the study’s findings can be extended to other fields of law.
Kulturelle Integration und Grundgesetz
Authors: Wagner Matthias
Published: February 2020

Integration beherrscht nicht erst seit der sog. Flüchtlingskrise die öffentliche Debatte. Hierbei steht die Frage im Raum, wie die Integration einer sich kulturell zunehmend pluralisierenden Gesellschaft strukturiert werden kann und welche Rolle das Recht bei dieser Strukturierung spielen kann. Dabei reichen die Vorschläge innerhalb des staatsrechtswissenschaftlichen Diskurses von einer „deutschen Leitkultur“ bis hin zur Annahme eines ungeschriebenen Staatszieles „Integration“, wobei sich hierhinter wiederum ganz unterschiedliche Konzepte verbergen. Was sich diesbezüglich dem Grundgesetz normativ entnehmen lässt, bleibt dabei oft vage. In dieser Situation legt Matthias Wagner mit seiner Arbeit einen Vorschlag vor, wie aus einer Gesamtdeutung integrationsrelevanter Normen des Grundgesetzes ein Integrationskonzept und -auftrag gewonnen werden kann. Die aufgestellten Thesen werden und sollen zum Widerspruch herausfordern, versteht sich das Werk doch explizit als Diskussionsbeitrag.
Vaterschaft und weitere Rechtsprobleme bei heterologer Insemination
Authors: Gayk Magdalena Sophie
Published: February 2020

Die Methoden medizinisch assistierter Reproduktion zur Behandlung ungewollter Kinderlosigkeit haben sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten rasant fortentwickelt und erfreuen sich einer immer größer werdenden Beliebtheit. Sehr häufig angewandt und vielfach diskutiert wird die sog. heterologe Insemination. Eine solche liegt vor, wenn ein Kind durch künstliche Befruchtung mittels Samenspende eines Dritten gezeugt wird. Sie führt dazu, dass der soziale und gegebenenfalls rechtliche Vater nicht identisch mit dem genetisch-biologischen Vater ist.

Die Reproduktionsmedizin stellt die Rechtsordnung vor neue Herausforderungen und gibt Anlass dazu, das Familienrecht auf seine Aktualität hin zu überprüfen. Vor diesem Hintergrund arbeitet das Werk den für die heterologe Insemination geltenden Rechtsrahmen unter Einbeziehung allgemeiner Fragen moderner Reproduktionsmedizin umfassend heraus, hinterfragt kritisch und macht konkrete Vorschläge für Gesetzesreformen.
Monitoring of Physical Activity of Soldiers of the Army of the Czech Republic
Authors: Zemánek Jan
Published: February 2020

Aim: This research is aimed at the possibilities of physical training of Army of the Czech Republic personnel (soldiers of the 7th mechanised brigade) during a routine week spent in garrison and the follow-up analysis of the amount of their physical activity.Methodology: The observed group was made up of 52 professional soldier volunteers in the age range of 29.9 ± 4.5 years. The measurement has been performed continuously during the time span of one week. Physical activity has been measured with the utilization of the ActiGraph GT1M accelerometers supplemented with the use of a weekly physical activity protocol.Results: Based on the results it is possible to infer that the average daily physical activity (7.66 hours) has been greater than the average daily physical inactivity (5.89 hours). No difference in the amount of weekly physical activity of professional soldiers in relation to age (≤ 30 years and  30 years) has been found, nor in relation to being a smoker/non-smoker, nor in relation to BMI ( 24.9 kg/m2 and ≥ 24.9 kg/m2).Conclusion: With an average daily step count of 10169.84 the amount of physical activity of the soldiers is sufficient and meets the health recommendation for the daily step count (Aoyagi & Shephard, 2009).
THE ISSUE OF SPORT SPECIALIZATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPORT EXPERTISE
Authors: Komínková Linda , Perič Tomáš
Published: February 2020

There are two different ways how to achieve sport expertise. First is called „early sport specialization“ and second is called „early sport sampling“. Although, early sport specialization is associated with negative physical, psychological and social development consequencies, researches claim that early specialized approach to sports training is necessary to achieve elite sport performance because of 10.000 hour rule and the theory of deliberate practice. On the other hand, experts who defend early sampling approach argue that sampling various sports during childhood and later start with special training is the basis for specialization in adolescence and adulthood and that athlete can benefit from such a transfer across sports.    The aim of this review is to discuss early sport specialization and early sport sampling approach in term of expertise development in sport.     Results suggest that despite a relatively high number of research in this area, it is still not clear which approach is more effective for attaining sport expertise. Conclusions of studies that examined the validity of the theory of deliberate practice and 10.000 hour rule in different sports are inconsistent. In addition, studies that dealt with early sampling approach examined mainly team sports and were conducted with retrospective design in which athletes do not have to recall their experiences or that the recall of experiences can be biased. Moreover, very few studies report early specialization of their athletes. Therefore, longitudinal studies are needed to reveal which approach is more effective to achieve expertise in sport.
Hospital Volume Threshold Associated with Higher Survival after Endovascular Recanalization Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Shim Dong-Hyun , Kim Youngsoo , Roh Jieun , Kang Jongsoo , Park Kyung-Pil , Cha Jae-Kwan , Baik Seung Kug , Kim Yoon
Published: February 2020

Background and Purpose Endovascular recanalization therapy (ERT) is becoming increasingly important in the management of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, the hospital volume threshold for optimal ERT remains unknown. We investigated the relationship between hospital volume of ERT and risk-adjusted patient outcomes.Methods From the National Health Insurance claims data in Korea, 11,745 patients with AIS who underwent ERT from July 2011 to June 2016 in 111 hospitals were selected. We measured the hospital’s ERT volume and patient outcomes, including the 30-day mortality, readmission, and postprocedural intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) rates. For each outcome measure, we constructed risk-adjusted prediction models incorporating demographic variables, the modified Charlson comorbidity index, and the stroke severity index (SSI), and validated them. Risk-adjusted outcomes of AIS cases were compared across hospital quartiles to confirm the volume-outcome relationship (VOR) in ERT. Spline regression was performed to determine the volume threshold.Results The mean AIS volume was 14.8 cases per hospital/year and the unadjusted means of mortality, readmission, and ICH rates were 11.6%, 4.6%, and 8.6%, respectively. The VOR was observed in the risk-adjusted 30-day mortality rate across all quartile groups, and in the ICH rate between the first and fourth quartiles (P<0.05). The volume threshold was 24 cases per year.Conclusions There was an association between hospital volume and outcomes, and the volume threshold in ERT was identified. Policies should be developed to ensure the implementation of the AIS volume threshold for hospitals performing ERT.
Tipe penggunaan lahan memengaruhi keanekaragaman dan komposisi hymenopteran parasitoid di Jambi
Authors: Tawakkal Muhammad Iqbal , Rizali Akhmad , Larasati Anik , Sari Adha , Hidayat Purnama , Buchori Damayanti
Published: February 2020

Hymenoptera merupakan salah satu dari empat ordo serangga terbesar di dunia yang salah satu perannya adalah sebagai musuh alami (parasitoid, predator). Konversi lahan dapat memengaruhi keanekaragaman dan komposisi hymenopteran parasitoid dan peran ekologisnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memelajari pengaruh tipe penggunaan lahan terhadap keanekaragaman dan komposisi dari hymenopteran parasitoid di Jambi. Penelitian diakukan pada berbagai tipe penggunaan lahan di lanskap Hutan Harapan dan Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas (TNBD), Provinsi Jambi meliputi hutan, hutan karet, perkebunan kelapa sawit, dan perkebunan karet. Pengambilan sampel serangga dilakukan dari bulan Maret sampai September 2013, dengan teknik pengasapan (fogging). Sebanyak 14.258 individu hymenopteran parasitoid yang terdiri atas 30 famili diperoleh dari seluruh lokasi penelitian. Famili Encyrtidae, Bracondae, Aphelinidae, Eulophidae, Scelionidae, Ceraphronidae, dan Platigasteridae merupakan famili yang ditemukan dengan kelimpahan tinggi. Tipe penggunaan lahan kelapa sawit ditemukan memiliki komposisi parasitoid berbeda dibandingkan dengan tipe penggunaan lahan lainnya, sedangkan tipe penggunaan lahan hutan dan hutan karet memiliki komposisi spesies yang tinggi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tipe penggunaan lahan mempengaruhi keanekaragaman dan komposisi spesies hymenopteran parasitoid.
An Empirical Investigation of the Portuguese Housing Prices (2004-18)
Authors: Luo Jianmin , Pereira Renato , Dias Ãlvaro
Published: February 2020

This article presents an integrated macro view of the Portuguese housing market with macroeconomic indicators. Firstly, it compares the housing market and several macroeconomic indicators from 2004 to 2018. Then, the dynamic analysis of the housing prices by different regions in Portugal and its typology included. Also, the article is complemented with the regression analysis to identify the relationship between the house prices and macroeconomic indicators.Results show that the current negative interest rates are increasing the demand for houses and the housing prices. The housing stock in Portugal is mostly fixed but may experience limited growth as the rebuild program and new constructions. GDP and the housing prices have a positive correlation. Houses in Algarve and Lisbon are markedly more expensive than in the interior. From the regression analysis, the unemployment rate is the closest correlated variable.
La búsqueda de datos del pasado a través de la cartografía artística para revisar el espacio urbano
Authors: Gutiérrez María José
Published: February 2020

La necesidad de incentivar nuevas relaciones con el espacio es consecuencia de los efectos de la globalización y sus directrices de mercantilización. Este paradigma nos ha encaminado a la pérdida de autenticidad en los territorios a causa de la implantación de una urbanización optimizada que ha sustituido a gran parte de aquellos elementos que estructuraban la ciudad, sumado a una tecnología que ha reducido las dimensiones espaciales y temporales, con la consiguiente repercusión en las relaciones sociales y los colectivos de un territorio. Al respecto, prestaremos atención a la visión interpretativa e ideológica que sobre el espacio ha configurado la historia de la cartografía. Esta cualidad, aceptada en el siglo xx, podría ser una estrategia para revisar los datos del pasado de un territorio y servir como fuente de información, así como generar narrativas a tener en cuenta en futuros planes de crecimiento urbano más sostenibles con las singularidades de un paisaje. Dicho con otras palabras, la cartografía artística, en combinación con el uso de los medios digitales, se ha revelado como una útil herramienta para rescatar datos de interés a partir de los cuales reflexionar acerca de otras maneras de habitar. A tal fin, destacaremos algunas intervenciones cartográficas digitales que han tratado de abordar la recuperación de la memoria y, en especial, ciertos elementos significativos del pasado que configuraban la identidad de la ciudad de Valencia.
A matter of Matter. The Unmaking of Microscopic Bonds in Transnational Space
Authors: Pujals Blanca
Published: February 2020

Over the last decades, new architectures and infrastructures for containing and artificially reproducing the conditions at the very beginning of the Universe have surfaced across the world: a synthetic replica of the early Universe on Earth.

These sophisticated technospaces are sealed chambers that recreate specific and inexistent physical conditions on Earth to reveal the origin of matter. They spread throughout a subterranean global chamber system: an invisible underground network.

New supranational laboratories like CERN transformed physics into a force within politics, creating new spaces of negotiations and agreement. Subatomic particles are questioning the Standard Model of Particle Physics while scientific infrastructures simultaneously challenge previous models for political and social structures.

The tiny monastic laboratory of the seventeenth century has been replaced by a global technoscientific infrastructure spread across the world. The elementary particle physics infrastructures involve massive urban complexes, buildings, and chambers, designed to host the invisible. These hybrid urban environments are comprised of scientists, particles, liquids, data, politics and technologies working together for the production of knowledge, and to translate a world not perceptible to humans.

The transnational network of Particle Physics underground laboratories is constructing a new scientific architecture around the world: a sensing architecture, which amplifies new political and material interactions. Maybe, we can say that every new scientific experimental chamber is the architect of a new epoch of hybrid systems of transnational and transhuman collaborations.

This text is part of a larger project conducted through a practice-led PhD in Arts and Sciences at the BxNU Institute (Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art and Northumbria University).
La invasión doméstica
Authors: Sánchez-Navarro Jordi
Published: February 2020

Uno de los temas relacionados con la historia de la comunicación a los que se presta poca atención es el del espacio que ocupan, transforman o crean los medios. Tomemos el ejemplo de la televisión. Su implantación implicó una transformación del espacio, incluso la construcción de entornos físicos especialmente diseñados para su desarrollo. No nos referimos a la infraestructura de telecomunicaciones necesaria para transmitir sus contenidos, sino a la colonización literal del espacio físico, a su imbricación en el tejido mismo de la realidad cotidiana.
Ambizioni illusorie di dominio mediterraneo dell’Italia fascista
Authors: Fincardi Marco
Published: February 2020

L’Italia acquisisce nel 1918 una netta influenza nell’area danubiana e balcanica. Gli annunci di riarmo aggressivo della Germania nazista dal 1934 spingono Mussolini a cercare alleati tra Francia, Inghilterra, Cecoslovacchia e Polonia, per bloccare ogni velleità espansionistica di Hitler e insieme mantenere un equilibrio antisovietico nel continente europeo. Tuttavia, quando l’Italia fascista intraprende nel 1935 una politica espansionistica contro l’Etiopia, i boicottaggi francesi e inglesi la avvicinano a Hitler, fino a una subalterna alleanza con la forza industriale e organizzativa preponderante del Terzo Reich.