bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Device programing and SMART pass algorithm activation in subcutaneous implantable defibrillator patients: Data from a remote monitoring database
Authors: Iacopino Saverio , Santobuono Ezio , Amellone Claudia , Rapacciuolo Antonio , Lavalle Carlo , La Greca Carmelo , Santini Luca , Bertini Matteo , Statuto Giovanni , Lovecchio Mariolina , Valsecchi Sergio , Tavoletta Vincenzo
Published: July 2024

Background

The programing of subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (S‐ICD) in clinical practice has been little studied, as the activation status of the SMART Pass filter, which was implemented to reduce inappropriate shocks.

Purpose

We assessed device programing during follow‐up and the rate of detected arrhythmias in consecutive S‐ICD recipients.

Methods

We analyzed data from 670 S‐ICD patients followed on the remote network at 17 Italian centers for a median of 31 months (25th–75th percentile: 16–51). The enhanced SMART Pass version, introduced in October 2022, was expected to reduce the unintentional deactivation rate.

Results

At the latest remote data transmission, the median conditional zone cut‐off was set to 210 bpm (25th–75th percentile: 200–220), the shock zone cutoff was 250 bpm (25th–75th percentile: 240–250), and the SMART Pass was enabled in 586 (87%) patients. During follow‐up, 194 automatic deactivation events were reported in 118 (18%) patients. Shocks were delivered in 129 (19%) patients, and untreated arrhythmias were recorded in 136 (20%) patients. The rate of shocks was lower when SMART Pass was enabled ‐0.12/patient‐year (95% CI: 0.10–0.14) versus 0.20 (95% CI: 0.15–0.26) (p = .002), as it was the rate of untreated arrhythmias ‐0.12/patient‐year (95% CI: 0.11–0.14) versus 0.23 (95% CI: 0.18–0.30) (p = .001). The enhanced SMART Pass version was associated with a lower rate of deactivations ‐0.04/patient‐year (95% CI: 0.02–0.05) versus 0.14 (95% CI: 0.12–0.16) (p < .001), and with a reduction in treated and untreated arrhythmias (Incidence rate ratios: 0.40 (95% CI: 0.28–0.53) and 0.40 (95% CI: 0.30–0.55), respectively (p < .001)).

Conclusions

Centers tend to program devices to detect high ventricular rates for arrhythmia detection, to minimize inappropriate shock occurrences. SMART Pass activation is associated with lower rates of detected and treated arrhythmias. The enhanced SMART Pass version seems associated with a lower deactivation rate and with a further decrease in treated arrhythmias.
Assessing the effects of centroid assignment methods on measuring spatial accessibility
Authors: Kim Kyusik , Horner Mark W.
Published: July 2024

In an abstract sense, researchers have assumed that a population‐based centroid better represents a given polygon than a purely geometric centroid (GC) because it accounts for the internal distribution of the local population. In specific application contexts, when measuring place‐based spatial accessibility, for example, using a GC might be misleading because this practice could overestimate travel costs in large polygons; however, this assumption has not been quantitatively tested. In this article, we examine the role of centroid definition types by comparing the accessibility values of three different centroid estimation approaches. The analysis indicated that, in comparison to population‐based centroids, the GC typically underestimated accessibility values, particularly in sparsely populated polygons, and accentuated spatial disparities. The findings suggest that researchers need to pay more cautious attention to the potential impact of centroid methods when measuring spatial accessibility.
Prevalence of non‐communicable diseases among household contacts of people with tuberculosis: A systematic review and individual participant data meta‐analysis
Authors: Hamada Yohhei , Quartagno Matteo , Malik Farihah , Ntshamane Keolebogile , Tisler Anna , Gaikwad Sanjay , Acuna‐Villaorduna Carlos , Bhavani Perumal Kannabiran , Alisjahbana Bachti , Ronacher Katharina , Apriani Lika , Becerra Mercedes , Chu Alexander L. , Creswell Jacob , Diaz Gustavo , Ferro Beatriz E. , Galea Jerome T. , Grandjean Louis , Grewal Harleen M. S. , Gupta Amita , Jones‐López Edward C. , Kleynhans Léanie , Lecca Leonid , MacPherson Peter , Murray Megan , Marín Diana , Restrepo Blanca I. , Shivakumar Shri Vijay Bala Yogendra , Shu Eileen , Sivakumaran Dhanasekaran , Vo Luan Nguyen Quang , Webb Emily L. , Copas Andrew , Abubakar Ibrahim , Rangaka Molebogeng X.
Published: July 2024

Objective

To investigate the prevalence of non‐communicable diseases among household contacts of people with tuberculosis.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and individual participant data meta‐analysis. We searched Medline, Embase and the Global Index Medicus from inception to 16 May 2023. We included studies that assessed for at least one non‐communicable disease among household contacts of people with clinical tuberculosis. We estimated the non‐communicable disease prevalence through mixed effects logistic regression for studies providing individual participant data, and compared it with estimates from aggregated data meta‐analyses. Furthermore, we compared age and sex‐standardised non‐communicable disease prevalence with national‐level estimates standardised for age and sex.

Results

We identified 39 eligible studies, of which 14 provided individual participant data (29,194 contacts). Of the remaining 25 studies, 18 studies reported aggregated data suitable for aggregated data meta‐analysis. In individual participant data analysis, the pooled prevalence of diabetes in studies that undertook biochemical testing was 8.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.1%–14.9%, four studies). Age‐and sex‐standardised prevalence was higher in two studies (10.4% vs. 6.9% and 11.5% vs. 8.4%) than the corresponding national estimates and similar in two studies. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus based on self‐report or medical records was 3.4% (95% CI 2.6%–4.6%, 14 studies). Prevalence did not significantly differ compared to estimates from aggregated data meta‐analysis. There were limited data for other non‐communicable diseases.

Conclusion

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus among household contacts was high while that of known diabetes was substantially lower, suggesting the underdiagnosis. tuberculosis household contact investigation offers opportunities to deliver multifaceted interventions to identify tuberculosis infection and disease, screen for non‐communicable diseases and address shared risk factors.
Development of Immunoassay for Detection of Engineered Endolysin LysAm24-SMAP
Authors: Klimova A. A. , Grigoriev I. V. , Vasina D. V. , Anurova M. N. , Gushchin V. A. , Antonova N. P.
Published: July 2024

In recent years modified bacteriophage lysins have widely been investigated for the purposes of development of antibacterial therapy. Thus, effective and precise methods for the quantitative analysis of these enzymes are in high demand. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method has been developed for the detection of recombinant modified endolysin LysAm24-SMAP in biological samples. The optimal parameters for protein detection were determined, in particular, the influence of salt and the composition of the buffer system for preparation of the samples was studied. The applicability of the immunodetection system of the genetically engineered endolysin LysAm24-SMAP in various biological samples with enzyme concentrations from 0.4 ng/mL was demonstrated. In addition, the influence of matrix effects in samples of animal organs and tissue homogenates and producer strain lysates and their individual components during the analysis was assessed and it was shown that 0.65 M NaCl addition in the ELISA buffer is crucial for achieving correct results and reduces nonspecific interactions in the case of LysAm24-SMAP. The effectiveness of the developed system in the immunochemical control of the bacteriolytic enzyme was confirmed.
Gonorrhoea treatment guideline compliance and influence factors in Guangdong province, China: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Xiong Mingzhou , Zhao Peizhen , Wu Xingzhong , Huang Shujie , Yang Menglan , Wang Cheng , Zheng Heping
Published: July 2024

Background

The indiscriminate use of antibiotics has accelerated antimicrobial resistance (AMR) inNeisseria gonorrhoeae(NG), emphasising the need to follow treatment guidelines. This study aimed to assess the rate of adherence to standard treatment among patients with gonorrhoea and identify influencing factors.

Methods

A survey was conducted in Guangdong province, China, involving uncomplicated gonorrhoea cases registered in the Chinese Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Data on demographic characteristics and medical information were collected to determine the standard treatment rate, defined as the proportion of patients receiving treatment according to national guidelines (ie, a single dose of ceftriaxone 250 mg, spectinomycin 2 g, cefotaxime 1 g or other third-generation cephalosporins). Medication choices were documented. χ² tests and multilevel logistic regression were used to analyse factors associated with standard treatment.

Results

The survey included 2424 patients with gonorrhoea from 59 hospitals. The standard treatment rate was 30.7% (743/2424), with 36.2% for females and 29.6% for males. Common reasons for substandard treatment included the use of non-guideline medications (42.3%, 710/1681) and incorrect dosing (36.2%, 605/1681). Factors associated with the standard treatment rate included gender, address, educational level, department, physicians’ training, number of diagnosed gonorrhoea cases and hospital level.

Conclusion

The standard treatment rate for gonorrhoea in Guangdong province, China, is below expectations. Comprehensive measures, such as establishing a goal-directed monitoring system and implementing promotional activities, are needed to improve adherence to treatment guidelines.
Associations of movement behaviours and dietary intake with arterial stiffness: results from the ORISCAV-LUX 2 cross-sectional study
Authors: Backes Anne , Collings Paul J , Portugal Berta , Quintero Lilly Carina , Vahid Farhad , Le Coroller Gwenaëlle , Malisoux Laurent
Published: July 2024

Objective

Adopting a physically active lifestyle and maintaining a diet rich in antioxidants can reduce the risk of vascular diseases. Arterial stiffness is an early marker for cardiovascular diseases, indicating vascular damage. This study investigates the relationship between physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB), dietary antioxidant, trace elements intake and vascular health in men and women, with a focus on pulse wave velocity (PWV), the gold standard for assessing arterial stiffness.

Design

This is a nationwide population-based cross-sectional study (Observation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Luxembourg 2 (ORISCAV-LUX 2)).

Setting

The study was conducted in Luxembourg, between November 2016 and January 2018.

Participants

In total, 988 participants from the ORISCAV-LUX 2 study, who were Luxembourg residents, aged 25–79 years, underwent the required physical examination, agreed to wear an accelerometer for 1 week and presented no personal history of myocardial infarction or stroke, were included in the analysis.

Primary outcome measure

PWV was assessed with the validated Complior instrument. Elastic-net models were used to investigate the associations of dietary intake (antioxidant and trace elements) and movement behaviours (PA and SB) with PWV in men and women.

Results

The findings reveal diverse associations between PA, SB, dietary intake and PWV, with distinct patterns observed in men and women. In women, a longer median moderate-to-vigorous PA bout length (mean coefficient (β)=−0.039), a higher long-range temporal correlation (higher scaling exponent alpha) at larger time scales (>120 min; β=−1.247) and an increased intake of vitamin C (β=−1.987) and selenium (β=−0.008) were associated with lower PWV. In men, a shorter median SB bout length (β=0.019) and a lower proportion of SB time accumulated in bouts longer than 60 min (β=1.321) were associated with lower PWV. Moreover, a higher daily intake of polyphenols (β=−0.113) and selenium (β=−0.004) was associated with lower PWV in men.

Conclusion

This study underscores the multifaceted nature of the associations between movement behaviours and dietary intake with PWV, as well as sex differences. These findings highlight the significance of considering both movement behaviours and dietary antioxidant intake in cardiovascular health assessments.
Is there a role for novel supplements in the management of fatigue in rheumatic diseases?
Authors: Khoo Thomas , Jani Meghna , Chinoy Hector
Published: July 2024

Fatigue is a common symptom of rheumatic diseases and frequently persists even when patients are in a near-remission state. In seeking options to manage troublesome symptoms such as fatigue, complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) are often used by patients despite a lack of evidence base behind such treatment strategies. CAM use is further promoted by social media and ‘influencer’ marketing without rigorous process to ensure scientific accuracy. One mechanism of recent interest in the CAM market is enhancing cellular pathways of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), purported to restore mitochondrial function. However, clinical trials of NAD+ pathway supplements lack rigorous trial design, many declare conflicts of interest, and safety data is limited. Ultimately, CAM use by our patients is unavoidable. To adequately inform patients about CAM, we need to keep updated on both the latest scientific literature and social media trends. In so doing, we can then propose to patients how standard-of-care therapies, evidence-based lifestyle modifications and CAM might safely and effectively integrate to form a treatment plan.
Higher-dimensional topological dS black hole with a nonlinear source and its thermodynamics and phase transitions
Authors: Zhen Hai-Long , Du Yun-Zhi , Li Huai-Fan , Zhang Li-Chun , Ma Yu-Bo
Published: July 2024

In this paper, the higher-dimensional topological dS black hole with a nonlinear source (HDTNS) is considered. First, we obtain the thermodynamic quantities of the ($$n+1$$

n
+
1

)-dimensional topological dS black hole, which satisfy the first law of thermodynamics. Second, based on the effective thermodynamic quantities and Maxwell’s equal-area law method, we explore the phase equilibrium for the HDTNS. The boundary of the two-phase coexistence region in the $$P_\textrm{eff}^{0}-T_\textrm{eff}^{0}$$

P
eff
0

-

T
eff
0

diagram is obtained. The critical thermodynamic quantities as well as the horizon potential are also investigated. Furthermore, we analyze the effect of parameters (the spacetime dimension n and the ratio of two horizon radii $$x= {r_{+}}$$

x
=

r
+

/$$ {r_{c}}$$

r
c

) on the boundary of the two-phase coexistence region and study the latent heat of phase transition for this system, which corresponds to the Clapeyron equation. The results indicate that the phase transition in HDTNS spacetime is analogous to that in a van der Waals (vdW) fluid system, which is determined by electrical potential at the horizon. These results help to understand the fundamental properties of black holes. A more intuitive and profound understanding of gravity is gained by studying the thermodynamic properties of different spacetimes. They provide a theoretical basis for an in-depth study of the classical and quantum properties of de Sitter spacetime and its evolution.
Reconstruction of the singularity-free $$f({\mathcal {R}})$$ gravity via Raychaudhuri equations
Authors: Gadbail Gaurav N. , Arora Simran , Sahoo P. K. , Bamba Kazuharu
Published: July 2024

We study the bounce cosmology to construct a singularity-free $$f({\mathcal {R}})$$

f
(
R
)

model using the reconstruction technique. The formulation of the $$f({\mathcal {R}})$$

f
(
R
)

model is based on the Raychaudhari equation, a key element employed in reconstructed models to eliminate singularities. We explore the feasibility of obtaining stable gravitational Lagrangians, adhering to the conditions $$f_{{\mathcal {R}}}>0$$

f
R

>
0

and $$f_{{\mathcal {R}}{\mathcal {R}}}>0$$

f

R
R

>
0

. Consequently, both models demonstrate stability, effectively avoiding the Dolgov–Kawasaki instability. Our assessment extends to testing the reconstructed model using energy conditions and the effective equation-of-state (EoS). Our findings indicate that the reconstructed super-bounce model facilitates the examination of a singularity-free accelerating universe for both phantom and non-phantom phases. However, in the case of the reconstructed oscillatory bounce model, two scenarios are considered with $$\omega =-\,1/3$$

ω
=
-

1
/
3

and $$\omega =-\,2/3$$

ω
=
-

2
/
3

. While the model proves suitable for studying a singular-free accelerating universe in the $$\omega =-\,1/3$$

ω
=
-

1
/
3

case, it fails to demonstrate such behavior under energy conditions for the $$\omega =-\,2/3$$

ω
=
-

2
/
3

scenario. The reconstructed models accommodate early-time bouncing behavior and late-time cosmic acceleration within a unified framework.
Revisiting the averaged annihilation rate of thermal relics at low temperature
Authors: Arbey A. , Mahmoudi F. , Palmiotto M.
Published: July 2024

We derive a low-temperature expansion of the formula to compute the average annihilation rate $${\langle {\sigma v}\rangle }$$

⟨

σ
v

⟩

for dark matter in $${\mathbb {Z}}_2$$

Z
2

-symmetric models, both in the absence and the presence of mass degeneracy in the spectrum near the dark matter candidate. We show that the result obtained in the absence of mass degeneracy is compatible with the analytic formulae in the literature, and that it has a better numerical behaviour for low temperatures. We also provide as ancillary files two notebooks, which perform the two expansions at any order.
Study of the $$B^{+}\rightarrow \pi ^{+}\left( \pi ^{+}\pi ^{-}\right) $$ decay in PQCD approach
Authors: Chang Qin , Yang Lei , Zou Zhi-Tian , Li Ying
Published: July 2024

Based on the fitting results of the LHCb collaboration on the contributions of various intermediate resonances to the$$B^{+}\rightarrow \pi ^{+}\pi ^{+}\pi ^{-}$$B+→π+π+π-decay, we calculate the branching fractions and localizedCPasymmetries of the quasi-two-body$$B^{+}\rightarrow \pi ^{+} \left( \rho (770), \omega (782), \rho (1450), f_{2}\left( 1270\right) \rightarrow \right) \pi ^{+}\pi ^{-}$$B+→π+ρ(770),ω(782),ρ(1450),f21270→π+π-decays within the perturbative QCD (PQCD) approach systematically. Our theoretical predictions for the branching fractions agree well with the data within the errors. In order to further test the framework of the three-bodyBmeson decays in PQCD and the wave functions of$$\pi \pi $$ππpair, we also calculate the branching fractions of the corresponding two-body$$B^{+}\rightarrow \pi ^{+}\rho (770)$$B+→π+ρ(770),$$B^{+}\rightarrow \pi ^{+}\omega (782)$$B+→π+ω(782)and$$B^{+}\rightarrow \pi ^{+}f_{2}\left( 1270\right) $$B+→π+f21270decays under the narrow-width-approximation, which are in consistence with the experimental data. The directCPasymmetries of$$B^{+}\rightarrow \pi ^{+}(\rho (770/1450)\rightarrow ) \pi ^{+}\pi ^{-}$$B+→π+(ρ(770/1450)→)π+π-decays are found to be very small because these decay modes are tree-dominated. However, due to the large penguin contributions from the chiral enhanced annihilation diagrams,$$B^{+}\rightarrow \pi ^{+} (f_{2}\left( 1270\right) \rightarrow )\pi ^{+}\pi ^{-}$$B+→π+(f21270→)π+π-decay has a large directCPasymmetry, which is also discovered by LHCb collaboration. A relatively largeCPasymmetry is also expected in the$$B^+\rightarrow \pi ^+ (\omega \rightarrow )\pi ^+\pi ^-$$B+→π+(ω→)π+π-decay occurring via$$\rho -\omega $$ρ-ωmixing, which would be measured LHCb and Belle-II experiments in future.
First measurement of Gallium Arsenide as a low-temperature calorimeter
Authors: Helis D. L. , Melchiorre A. , Puiu A. , Benato G. , Carniti P. , Continenza A. , Di Marco N. , Ferella A. , Ferrari C. , Giannessi F. , Gotti C. , Monticone E. , Pagnanini L. , Pessina G. , Pirro S. , Profeta G. , Rajteri M. , Settembri P. , Shaikina A. , Tresca C. , Trotta D.
Published: July 2024

In the quest for direct dark matter detection, innovative approaches to lower the detection threshold and explore the sub-GeV mass range, have gained high relevance in the last decade. This study presents the pioneering use of Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) as a low-temperature calorimeter for probing dark matter-electron interactions within the DAREDEVIL (DARk-mattEr DEVIces for Low energy detection) project. Our experimental setup features a GaAs crystal at an ultralow temperature of 15 mK, coupled with a Neutron Transmutation Doped Germanium (NTD-Ge) thermal sensor for precise energy estimation. This configuration is the first step towards detecting single electrons scattered by dark matter particles within the GaAs crystal, to improve the sensitivity to low-mass dark matter candidates significantly. Taking advantage of the production of optical phonons in polar materials such as GaAs gives the possibility to study the scattering of sub-MeV dark matter. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the detector’s response, using a calibration spectrum using $$\alpha $$
α
particles and X-ray events. While the results do not meet the ambitious eV scale threshold yet, they establish a solid benchmark for assessing the detector’s current performance and sensitivity. This work not only highlights the detector’s potential but also sets the stage for future enhancements aimed at achieving the eV threshold, underscoring the promising direction of this detector technology. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using GaAs as a cryogenic calorimeter and hence open new avenues for investigating the elusive nature of dark matter through innovative direct detection techniques.
Slope inequality for an arbitrary divisor
Authors: Ammar Houari Benammar
Published: July 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a surjective morphism with connected fibers from a smooth complex projective surface [Formula: see text] to a smooth complex projective curve [Formula: see text] with general fiber [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we develop a more general version of the slope inequality for data [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is an arbitrary relatively effective divisor on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is a locally free sub-sheaf of [Formula: see text]. We see how the speciality of [Formula: see text], restricted to the general fiber, plays a role in the results. Moreover, we compute some natural examples and provide applications.
Classical and new plumbed homology spheres bounding contractible manifolds and homology balls
Authors: Şavk Oğuz
Published: July 2024

A central problem in low-dimensional topology asks which homology three-spheres bound contractible four-manifolds or homology four-balls. In this paper, we address this question for plumbed three-manifolds and we present two new infinite families. We consider most of the classical examples from around the 1980s by reproving that they all bound Mazur manifolds. We also show that several well-known families bound possibly different types of four-manifolds, called Poénaru homology four-balls. To unify classical and new results in a fairly simple way, we modify Mazur’s argument and work with Poénaru manifolds.
Sign prediction based on node connecting tightness in complex network
Authors: Yang Yujie , Chen Li , Liao Shulei , Liu Dong
Published: July 2024

Nowadays, there are positive and negative relationships among individuals in social networks, which can be abstracted as a signed network with two edge attributes. These two different attributes between individuals are usually used to infer the underlying attitudes of others and modeled as the edge signs in the complex network. Recently, many studies apply local path information to predict edge signs, ignoring the effect of the clustering coefficient of nodes in the three-hop path when determining signs of links. We believe that clustering coefficients of nodes on paths with different lengths reflect the node connecting tightness and contribute significantly to predicting potential relationships. Therefore, we propose a sign prediction algorithm based on the node Connecting Tightness (CT). First, influences of the connection tightness of first- and second-order common neighbors, i.e. nodes on two- and three-hop paths between target nodes, are calculated. Second, based on these influences, the similarity of target node pairs is modeled, and the link sign is predicted by combining the structural balance theory. Finally, node degrees are used to predict directly when there are no common neighbors between the target nodes. Experiments in real-world and artificial networks demonstrate that CT achieves better accuracy and [Formula: see text] performances in sign prediction.
Exact analytical investigation of Duffing oscillator vibration spectra under time-periodic oscillatory external force
Authors: Aktas Metin , Nayak Bibekananda , Rath Biswanath
Published: July 2024

This work introduces an analytical technique for determining solutions to a highly nonlinear Duffing-harmonic oscillator model problem. The parametric solutions of Duffing oscillator vibrations for an undamped case are achieved analytically in terms of Adomian polynomials by implementing the straightforward approach of the Laplace Transformation, known as the Laplace Decomposition Procedure (LDP). Possible plots of both numerical and analytical results sketched for various parameters are also presented to support our discussion. These graphs demonstrate variations of position-time, speed-time, and speed-position for an undamped Duffing oscillator case. When analyzed in general, they can provide vibration pattern descriptions for a variety of physical and engineering system configurations. We also examine their physical structures and behavioral characteristics within the conceptual framework of chaotic formalism.
Phenomenological study of two minor zeros in neutrino mass matrix using trimaximal mixing
Authors: Ara Mazumder Iffat , Dutta Rupak
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we study the phenomenological implications of two minor zeros in neutrino mass matrix using trimaximal mixing matrix. In this context, we analyzed 15 possible cases of two minor zeros in neutrino mass matrix and found only two cases, namely, class [Formula: see text] and class [Formula: see text], that are compatible with the present neutrino oscillation data. We present correlations of several neutrino oscillation parameters and give prediction of the total neutrino mass, the values of effective Majorana mass, the effective electron anti-neutrino mass and CP violating Majorana phases for these two classes. We also explore the degree of fine tuning in the elements of neutrino mass matrix for the allowed classes. Moreover, we propose a flavor model within the seesaw model along with [Formula: see text] symmetry group that can generate such classes.
Study of multiplicity dependence of heavy flavor production in pp collisions using rope hadronization mechanism
Authors: Tripathy Tulika , Naik Bharati , Nayak Ranjit , Behera Nirbhay , Nandi Basanta K. , Dash Sadhana
Published: July 2024

The multiplicity dependence of the production of the charm mesons in pp collisions at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]TeV and 13[Formula: see text]TeV as measured by ALICE experiment has been investigated using Pythia 8 event generator by studying the effect of various processes at partonic level such as the effect of different modes of color reconnections and rope hadronization. The relative yields ([Formula: see text]) of D-mesons and [Formula: see text] as a function of relative charged particle multiplicity for various transverse momentum ([Formula: see text]) ranges as measured by the ALICE experiment are in reasonable agreement with the estimations of Pythia 8 model within the framework of microscopic processes. The relative yields of B mesons for various [Formula: see text] intervals ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GeV/c) have also been predicted in pp collisions at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]TeV and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]TeV.
Quantum Software Encompasses Classical Software: Density Matrix from the Laplacian
Authors: Exman Iaakov
Published: July 2024

It is widely understood that quantum computing — quantum gates upon qubits — is the general case, encompassing computing by classical means, viz. Boolean logic upon classical bits. It also seems reasonable that Quantum Software should encompass Classical Software. However, to accept such a statement regarding software, the feeling that it seems reasonable is not enough. One needs clear-cut definitions and formal conclusions. This is exactly the purpose of this paper. Previously, we have represented Classical Software by the Laplacian Matrix. More recently, we have shown that Quantum Software is faithfully represented by Density Matrices. It turns out that a Laplacian Matrix normalized by the Laplacian Trace easily obtains a Density Matrix. This opens the horizons for Quantum Software operations — such as unitary and reversible evolution — not naturally available with the classical Laplacian. This paper provides the necessary definitions and conclusions, illustrating the more general Quantum operations with a relevant case study, playing the double role of both classical and quantum software.
Showcasing straight-line programs with memory via matrix Bruhat decomposition
Authors: Niemeyer Alice C. , Popiel Tomasz , Praeger Cheryl E. , Rademacher Daniel
Published: July 2024

We suggest that straight-line programs designed for algebraic computations should be accompanied by a comprehensive complexity analysis that takes into account both the number of fundamental algebraic operations needed, as well as memory requirements arising during evaluation. We introduce an approach for formalizing this idea and, as illustration, construct and analyze straight-line programs for the Bruhat decomposition of [Formula: see text] matrices with determinant 1 over a finite field of order q that have length [Formula: see text] and require storing only [Formula: see text] matrices during evaluation.
Rethinking the effective field theory formulation of gravity
Authors: Daas Jesse , Laporte Cristobal , Saueressig Frank , van Dijk Tim
Published: July 2024

General relativity is highly successful in explaining a wide range of gravitational phenomena including the gravitational waves emitted by binary systems and the shadows cast by supermassive black holes. From a modern perspective the theory is not fundamental though, but constitutes the lowest order term in an effective field theory description of the gravitational force. As a consequence, the gravitational dynamics should receive corrections by higher-derivative terms. This essay discusses structural aspects associated with these corrections and summarizes their imprint on static, spherically symmetric geometries. Along these lines, we critically reassess the common practice of using local field redefinitions in order to simplify the dynamics at the danger of shifting physics effects into sectors which are beyond the approximation under consideration.
Ergodic decomposition in the space of unital completely positive maps
Authors: Bhattacharya Angshuman , Kulkarni Chaitanya J.
Published: July 2024

The classical decomposition theory for states on a C*-algebra that are invariant under a group action has been studied by using the theory of orthogonal measures on the state space.4

In Ref. 3, we introduced the notion of generalized orthogonal measures on the space of unital completely positive (UCP) maps from a C*-algebra [Formula: see text] into [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we consider a group [Formula: see text] that acts on a C*-algebra [Formula: see text], and the collection of [Formula: see text]-invariant UCP maps from [Formula: see text] into [Formula: see text]. This paper examines a [Formula: see text]-invariant decomposition of UCP maps by using the theory of generalized orthogonal measures on the space of UCP maps, developed in Ref. 3. Further, the set of all [Formula: see text]-invariant UCP maps is a compact and convex subset of a topological vector space. Hence, by characterizing the extreme points of this set, we complete the picture of barycentric decomposition in the space of [Formula: see text]-invariant UCP maps. We establish this theory in Stinespring and Paschke dilations of completely positive maps. We end this note by mentioning some examples of UCP maps admitting a decomposition into [Formula: see text]-invariant UCP maps.
Alternative Methods of Measuring Real Earnings Management in R&D and SG&A Expenses
Authors: Liao Wen-Ju , Lee Cheng-Few , Sung Hao-Chang
Published: July 2024

In this study, we argue that Research and Development (R&D) (Selling, General, and Administrative expenses, SG&A) expenses are in response to various earning-related stimuli rather than intangible or tangible capital accumulation that classic investment-[Formula: see text] theory advocates, and there is a specification error in [Gunny, KA (2010). The relation between earnings management using real activities manipulation and future performance: Evidence from meeting earnings benchmarks. Contemporary Accounting Research, 27(3), 855-888] suspected R&D (SG&A) real activity manipulation. Our finding indicates that among three Tobin’s [Formula: see text] measures, either standard Tobin’s [Formula: see text] used in finance (a firm’s market value over the physical capital) or total Tobin’s [Formula: see text] incorporated intangible capital into standard Tobin’s [Formula: see text] [Peters, RH and LA Taylor (2017). Intangible capital and the investment-[Formula: see text] relation. Journal of Financial Economics, 123(2), 251–272] cannot better explain R&D (SG&A) expense than classic Tobin’s [Formula: see text] regarding slope coefficient level and [Formula: see text]-squared value. Moreover, the specification of R&D- or SG&A-based real activity manipulation, i.e., deep cuts in R&D or SG&A, is significantly related to firms just meeting zero and last year’s earnings. These findings suggest managers may deeply cut R&D or SG&A expenses to avoid an earnings shortfall. Our results further indicate that deep SG&A cuts or deep R&D cuts are negatively associated with future operating performance, which is more pronounced in the post-Sarbanes–Oxley (SOX) period. The net effects of deep SG&D cuts (R&D cuts) on future operating performance are negative (positive) when the firms meet the earnings benchmarks and have deep SG&D cuts (R&D cuts), implying that deeper cuts in SG&A expenses in response to earning-related stimuli could reflect firm-level opportunistic behaviors but deeper cuts in SG&A expenses in response to earning-related stimuli do not. Finally, deep SG&A cuts or deep R&D cuts increase the persistent predictability of cash flows on future earnings. However, the net effects of deep SG&A cuts (R&D cuts) on persistent predictability of cash flows for future earnings are negative (positive) when the firms meet earnings benchmarks and have deep SG&D cuts (R&D cuts). Overall, our estimated results imply that deep SG&A cuts are an expected outcome of opportunistic real earnings management, but deep low R&D cuts are not.
Existence and obstructions for the curvature on compact manifolds with boundary
Authors: Cruz Tiarlos , Santos Almir Silva , Vitório Feliciano
Published: July 2024

We study the set of curvature functions which a given compact manifold with boundary can possess. First, we prove that the sign demanded by the Gauss–Bonnet Theorem is a necessary and sufficient condition for a given function to be the geodesic curvature or the Gaussian curvature of some conformally equivalent metric. Our approach allows us to solve problems that are impossible to solve in the pointwise conformal case. Moreover, we obtain a deep and more delicate information on pointwise conformal deformations. We prove new existence and nonexistence results for metrics with prescribed curvature in the conformal setting, which depend on the Euler characteristic.
The Impact of Buckling Restrained Braces in Strengthening Deficient Reinforced Concrete Structures
Authors: Bouderradji Meriem , Dimia Mohamed Salah , Lahbari Noureddine
Published: July 2024

Seismic strengthening for existing structures is a sustainable solution that is utilized to enhance building safety, reduce damages, and prevent failure in a future earthquake event. The choice of seismic strengthening techniques has to be accurate, efficient, and adjusted to make RC structures stronger in the building sector. Buckling-restrained brace (BRB) system is one of the successful strengthening strategies, that it is possible to utilize in both RC and steel structures. Therefore, this paper explores the possibility of employing buckling restrained braces in existing RC buildings and assesses the impact of different BRB bracing distributions and positions on seismic force resistance. In this work, a five-story RC building was considered, and to upgrade their performance seismic was modeled using four types of BRB systems, consisting of two types of bracing configurations with two arrangements: diagonal in the central bay, diagonal in the corner bays, chevron in the central bay, and chevron in the corner bays. To assess the efficiency of the four proposed BRB systems, firstly, the nonlinear static pushover method was conducted to investigate the lateral strength of structures. Secondly, a parametric study was undertaken using dynamic time history analysis to study various factors such as roof displacement, shear force, and roof acceleration of the original and strengthened models. The numerical study was executed using the Seismostruct software. The results and different performance levels were examined and compared. The obtained results indicate that the BRB and concrete structures can successfully work together to resist the reliability of strengthening RC structures. It was observed that the four prediction systems of the BRB models were excessively effective at upgrading the seismic resistance of the existing structure and provided significantly less damage, especially when using the chevron BRBs with the corner arrangement compared to the other models.
Polypharmacy side effect prediction based on semi-implicit graph variational auto-encoder
Authors: Yi Zhou , Xie Minzhu
Published: July 2024

Polypharmacy, the use of drug combinations, is an effective approach for treating complex diseases, but it increases the risk of adverse effects. To predict novel polypharmacy side effects based on known ones, many computational methods have been proposed. However, most of them generate deterministic low-dimensional embeddings when modeling the latent space of drugs, which cannot effectively capture potential side effect associations between drugs. In this study, we present SIPSE, a novel approach for predicting polypharmacy side effects. SIPSE integrates single-drug side effect information and drug-target protein data to construct novel drug feature vectors. Leveraging a semi-implicit graph variational auto-encoder, SIPSE models known polypharmacy side effects and generates flexible latent distributions for drug nodes. SIPSE infers the current node distribution by combining the distributions of neighboring nodes with embedding noise. By sampling node embeddings from these distributions, SIPSE effectively predicts polypharmacy side effects between drugs. One key innovation of SIPSE is its incorporation of uncertainty propagation through noise embedding and neighborhood sharing, enhancing its graph analysis capabilities. Extensive experiments on a benchmark dataset of polypharmacy side effects demonstrated that SIPSE significantly outperformed five state-of-the-art methods in predicting polypharmacy side effects.
CW-PRED: Prediction of C-terminal surface anchoring sorting signals in bacteria and Archaea
Authors: Chatziargyri Aikaterini G. , Stasi Evangelia A. , Tsirigos Konstantinos I. , Litou Zoi I. , Iconomidou Vassiliki A. , Bagos Pantelis G.
Published: July 2024

Sorting signals are crucial for the anchoring of proteins to the cell surface in archaea and bacteria. These proteins often feature distinct motifs at their C-terminus, cleaved by sortase or sortase-like enzymes. Gram-positive bacteria exhibit the LPXTGX consensus motif, cleaved by sortases, while Gram-negative bacteria employ exosortases recognizing motifs like PEP. Archaea utilize exosortase homologs known as archaeosortases for signal anchoring. Traditionally identification of such C-terminal sorting signals was performed with profile Hidden Markov Models (pHMMs). The Cell-Wall PREDiction (CW-PRED) method introduced for the first time a custom-made class HMM for proteins in Gram-positive bacteria that contain a cell wall sorting signal which begins with an LPXTG motif, followed by a hydrophobic domain and a tail of positively charged residues. Here we present a new and updated version of CW-PRED for predicting C-terminal sorting signals in Archaea, Gram-positive, and Gram-negative bacteria. We used a large training set and several model enhancements that improve motif identification in order to achieve better discrimination between C-terminal signals and other proteins. Cross-validation demonstrates CW-PRED’s superiority in sensitivity and specificity compared to other methods. Application of the method in reference proteomes reveals a large number of potential surface proteins not previously identified. The method is available for academic use at http://195.251.108.230/apps.compgen.org/CW-PRED/ and as standalone software.
Deflection, Stresses and Buckling Analysis of Porous FGM Plates with Kerr-Type Elastic Foundations Using a New Five-Unknown Trigonometric Shear Deformation Theory
Authors: Cao Huu-Loi , Vu Tan-Van
Published: July 2024

This paper introduces a novel approach called the five-unknown trigonometric shear deformation (FTSD) theory for analyzing the flexural and buckling behavior of porous functionally graded (PFG) plates mounted on an elastic foundation. The FTSD theory features a unique trigonometric displacement field distribution that accurately captures the parabolic transverse shear stress distribution and satisfies the zero transverse shear stress conditions on the plate’s top and bottom surfaces while accounting for thickness stretching effects. The elastic foundation is modeled using a three-parameter Kerr-type model, consisting of two spring layers connected by a shear layer. The study considers both isotropic and sandwich PFG plates with various configurations of constituent layers, as well as both regular and irregular porosity types. The validity of the proposed methodology is evaluated by comparing its results with those from previously published research. Additionally, an extensive parametric analysis is conducted to explore the effects of porosity parameters and foundation parameters on the bending and buckling performance of PFG plates.
Weighted Čebyšev- and Ostrowski-type inequalities on time scales
Authors: Sarıkaya Mehmet Zeki , Budak Hüseyin
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we first obtain a new identity for time scales by using a weighted kernel. Then, by using this equality, we prove a weighted Čeby šev inequality. Moreover, we establish a weighted Ostrowski-type inequality by using a method which is different from among in the literature.
High Sensitive Triethylamine Gas Sensor Based on C@WS2/WO3 Composite
Authors: Yan Shuang , Xie Penghui , Chi Chunyu , Zhang Haoyu , Zhao Junyu , Hao Hongshun
Published: July 2024

WO3 is a promising candidate material for gas sensors due to its simple preparation, convenient operation, diverse structure and high electron mobility. However, WO3 gas sensors often have problems such as high operating temperature, high-energy consumption and sensitive characteristics easily affected by environmental humidity. In this paper, an effective method to improve the gas sensitivity of WO3 gas sensor by using composite carbon nanomaterials is explored. The results show that the composite of WS2/WO3 and carbon spheres, C@WS2/WO3 composite gas-sensitive material shows good sensing performance for triethylamine (TEA) at low temperatures. In addition, excellent TEA selectivity, good stability, and good response recovery characteristics are also achieved. Compared with pure WS2/WO3 material, the sensor response of C@WS2/WO3 composite is as high as 24.6 at the optimal operating temperature of 240[Formula: see text]C, compared with 21.81 of pure WS2/WO3 material.
Magnetohydrodynamics Stagnation Point Flow of Hybrid Nanofluids with Distinct Base Fluid Over an Exponentially Extending Cylinder: A Numerical Comparative Analysis
Authors: Nath Jintu Mani , Paul Ashish , Das Tusar Kanti
Published: July 2024

Thermal transmission is very significant in the industrial and engineering sectors. This research aims to investigate the MHD stagnation point movement of methanol and water-driven [Formula: see text] hybrid nanofluid flow via an exponentially extending cylinder. An inclined magnetic field’s control, suction or injection and viscous dissipation impacts are used and considered in the flow paradigm, as no prior research has been performed on it. This motivated the authors to perform a computational analysis of the distinct base fluid (water and methanol)-driven hybrid nanofluid flow with the aforementioned impacts, which gives distinctiveness to the flow model. The basic partial differential equation flow mechanism has been streamlined to nondimensional ordinary differential equations by the inclusion of distinct dimensionless factors, which are simulated employing the BVP4c methodology. The impacts of dimensionless variables, namely the Eckert factor, suction/injection term, Biot factor, velocity ratio term and magnetic factor, on the flow speed, thermal distribution, rate of shearing stress and thermal transmission are delineated in figures and demonstrated with tables. The major findings specify that methanol-based hybrid nanofluid ([Formula: see text]/methanol) has a significantly higher thermal transmission rate when compared with the water-based hybrid nanofluid ([Formula: see text]/water). Furthermore, it has been shown that the methanol-based hybrid nanofluid has an absolute friction drag that is up to 26.5% larger than that of nanofluid. The thermal gradient reduces with the enhancement of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Moreover, the fluid temperature upsurges as [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] elevate. These outcomes significantly advance fluid dynamics and nanofluid research, offering opportunities for improved thermal transmission in numerous industrial and engineering sectors. A noteworthy validation with previously published work has also been performed.
Effect of Sc3+ Doping on Defect Structure and Optical Performance in Tm: LiNbO3 Crystals
Authors: Dai Li , Huang Zhipeng , Li Xianbiao , Shi Shuo
Published: July 2024

Sc (0, 1, 2, 3 mol%): Tm: LiNbO3 crystals were prepared by the Czochralski method. The inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) analysis test shows that, as the concentration of Sc[Formula: see text] increases, the effective segregation coefficient of Sc[Formula: see text] and Tm[Formula: see text] decreases. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis test shows that the lattice size increases first and then decreases. The optical homogeneity analysis test shows that the birefringence gradient of the Sc-3 sample is [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]R/cm[Formula: see text], which is 1/3 of pure LiNbO3. Research demonstrates that when the Sc[Formula: see text] content reaches or exceeds the threshold value, [Formula: see text] is replaced completely, thus introducing non-intrinsic defects [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. These defects are able to form [Formula: see text] charge self-compensating defect groups, it will greatly increase optical homogeneity.