bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strengthening partnerships for insurance purposes a decent living
Authors:   Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, Bogus Angela
Published: December 2021

In this article it is reported the strengthening of partnership relations in order to ensure a decent living in the Republic of Moldova. It describes the forms of partnership in the social field is one of the most important principles of social assistance: social partnership as a means of implementing social assistance measures.
The main stages of the process of improvement of the medical services in the Republic of Moldova
Authors:   Moldova State University, Dragomir Lilia
Published: December 2021

The health system of the Republic of Moldova is organized according to the principles of universal access to basic medical services, equity and solidarity in financing medical services both by the state and by citizens through AOAM mechanisms. Compulsory health care means that every person can benefit from quality medical services in order to prevent disease, treatment itself, but also rehabilitation and palliative care. The year 2019 continued to be a challenge for the compulsory health insurance system, both in order to increase access to health services and to improve their quality, having as benchmarks demographic trends, expectations of society and the rapid development of information technologies.
Theoretical and conceptual approaches to the role of national and regional security on ensuring stability in Eastern Europe
Authors:   Moldova State University, Budurina-Goreacii Carolina , Cebotari Svetlana ,   Moldova State University
Published: December 2021

Events in Europe in the last decades of the twentieth century (the fall of the Berlin Wall, the unification of Germany, the abolition of the Warsaw Pact, the collapse of the communist bloc and the USSR) led to a reconsideration of Eastern European security. After the abolition of the Warsaw Pact, the ,,balance of power" strategy in achieving security no longer works and, as such, the Eastern European security system must be rebuilt in accordance with the new realities. The tendencies regarding the reorganization of the European security system are diverse and contradictory, each actor (state, group of states, organization) wanting to occupy a more advantageous place in order to be able to promote and, if necessary, to defend its own interests. This article aims to determine the main definitions and theories of national and regional security in the context of Eastern European stability. Also the authors are willing to identify some problems and trends in the region and to list the main actors who are responsible for dealing with challenging issues and how to avoid them.
Modern paradigms for evaluation and measurement of public administration performance
Authors:   Academy of Public Administration, Republic of Moldova, Furculita Tatiana
Published: December 2021

Performance measurement is a concept whose definition cannot be made precisely because it goes beyond the scope of a particular scientific field. In the public sector, performance is extremely difficult to identify, as no clear and concrete criteria are set to accurately reflect the purpose of the work of public institutions. The concern for measuring performance in public institutions has arisen as a result of the increasing difficulty of solving the increasingly complex problems that citizens face. The relevance of measuring performance in PA is provided by the way in which this process influences the entire activity of an organization, in all internal managerial directions.
Possible priorities directions for the innovation of the public interest relation - decisional process in the context of the modernization of the local public administration
Authors:   Academy of Public Administration, Republic of Moldova, Bogos Tatiana
Published: December 2021

In the present article, proposed for publication, the author analyzes the priority direction in the perspective of the innovation of the public interest relations versus the decisional process transparency in the process of modernisation of the local public administration. The efficiency of the public administration depends on the successful innovation process which ensures the development of better solutions for meeting the needs of the society, solving the social issues and using technologies, and resources. Thus, innovation becomes one of the main parts which ensure the modernization, economic growth, improvement of the provided services, identification of solutions for overcoming the problems and challenges the society faces or the innovation constantly establishes new rules in direction and stimulation of decision making.
Stages and actions for an administrative-territorial reorganization reform
Authors:   Academy of Public Administration, Republic of Moldova, Russu Andrei
Published: December 2021

This article addresses the process of implementing a territorial reform, as well as its importance for the reorganization of the territorial-administrative structure of the state. Regardless of the administrative-territorial organization of the state, this process involves planning, carrying out and monitoring the reform of territorial reorganization. Each step of the reform is the subject of a successive order, which will be set out in a chronological order, according to the recommendation of the committee of Ministers of the Member States of the Council of Europe Rec (2004) 12. According to the experience of other states, the postponement of territorial-administrative reform is influenced by a lack of political will, insufficient communication between CPA with LPA, inaction of civil society and others.
HIV/AIDS Patients’ Survival Rate between One Co-infection and More Than One Opportunistic Co-infection at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan in 2015-2017
Authors: Munaf Rizal Abdul , Kembaren Tambar , Hidayani S Restuti
Published: December 2021

Background: AIDS is a collection of disease symptoms caused by HIV that damages the human immune system. Decreased immunity causes the patient to be very susceptible to various, often fatal, infectious diseases (opportunistic infections).
Aim: To determine the difference in HIV/AIDS patients' survival rate between one co-infection and more than one opportunistic co-infection at Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan in 2015-2017.
Methods: This is a retrospective cohort analytic study using secondary data from medical records of HIV patients from January 2015-December 2017. The samples were 34 HIV/AIDS patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, selected by consecutive technique sampling. Descriptive statistical analysis was used for demographic data. Kaplan Meier's statistical analysis was used for endurance or survival tests. The difference was considered statistically significant if p<0.05.
Results: The most opportunistic infections found were diarrhea in 265 subjects (55.67%), followed by toxoplasmosis in 159 subjects (33.40%), oral candidiasis 141 subjects (29.62%), CMV 78 subjects (16.39%), pneumonia 63 subjects (13.24%), sepsis 62 subjects (13.03%), PCP 45 subjects (9.45%), hepatitis B 38 subjects (7.98%), chlamydia 24 subjects (5.04%), hepatitis C 14 subjects (2, 94%), Herpes zoster 11 subjects (2.31%), lymphadenopathy 4 subjects (0.84%), and the least common were NHL 1 subject (0.21%) and Penicilosis 1 subject (0.21%).
Conclusion: The HIV patients’ survival rates are different based on the number of opportunistic infections. According to the order, the most common opportunistic infections were diarrhea, toxoplasmosis, and oral candidiasis.

Keywords: HIV/AIDS, opportunistic infections, oral candidiasis, toxoplasmosis, diarrhea.
INVESTIGASI KARAKTERISTIK GETARAN KOMPOSIT SANDWICH BERBAHAN SERAT KARBON UNI-DIRECTIONAL BERPENGUAT CRESTAPOL
Authors: Ula Nur Mufidatul , Wijaya Yusuf Giri , Pratama Mikhael Gilang Pribadi Putra , Muzayadah Nurul Lailatul
Published: December 2021

Material Komposit Sandwich adalah jenis komposit yang terdiri dari susunan komposit laminate dengan core didalamnya. Pemanfaatan komposit sandwich saat ini sangat luas termasuk salah satunya sebagai struktur sekunder dalam pesawat mengingat masa komposit jenis ini lebih ringan dibandingkan komposit dengan full laminate. Salah satu pemanfaatanya adalah dalam pembuatan kompartemen float. Penggunaan komposit sebagai bahan kompartemen float perlu diketahui karakteristik dinamisnya. Dalam penelitian ini sampel yang digunakan dibuat dengan metode Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion (VARI). Variasi sampel komposit akan diambil data karakteristik dinamik nya berupa damping factor dan natural frekuensinya sebagai acuan awal pemilihan komposisi material. Sampel uji yang digunakan berukuran 50x230mm dengan metode pengujian menggunakan metode Oberst. Profil getaran yang digunakan untuk pengujian adalah jenis sapuan sinus dari 10Hz sampai 2000Hz. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sampel 3C3 memiliki Frekuensi natural yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan sampel 2C2 namun memiliki nilai Damping properties yang lebih rendah. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa sampel 3C3 memiliki nilai kekakuan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan 2C2. Dari hasil juga memperlihatkan bahwa sampel 2C2 memiliki kemampuan redaman yang lebih baik dibanding sampel 3C3. Pemilihan material berdasarkan hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa 2C2 memiliki keunggulan damping ratio dibandingkan 3C3 namun masih diperlukan lebih banyak variasi lagi untuk mendapatkan komposisi material terbaiknya.
The Role of Stem Cells in the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Complications
Authors: Deb Lena , Jenkins Mia , Meredith Malcolm , Rennyson Katelyn
Published: December 2021

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) affects many individuals worldwide and is associated with multiple long-term complications. The underlying pathophysiology of T1D involves an autoimmune process that leads to destruction of pancreatic β-islet cells, which are the sole cells responsible for producing the body’s insulin. Thus, the current recommended treatment for T1D is insulin therapy, which requires continuous awareness and monitoring throughout the day, placing a great deal of stress and responsibility on patients. Various modalities are under investigation to provide alternatives to treatment, or even a cure. Adult endogenous progenitor cells have been studied as one potential therapy for patients with T1D due to their ability to prevent an allogenic immune response in addition to an autoimmune response. Additionally, pancreatic ductal cells and bone marrow stem cells served as one of the first areas of research that demonstrated self-progenitor cells could regenerate pancreatic islet cells. A major limitation to stem cell therapy success is the risk of graft rejection. However, altering immune cell composition and creating physical barriers to protect the implanted cells from attack has been one successful solution to this by circumventing the pernicious immune response that is characteristic of T1D. Other limitations of these therapies include teratoma risk and the inability to reproduce the required signaling environment for cell differentiation ex vivo. Furthermore, stem cell therapy has shown promise in its applications for treatment of diabetes-associated complications including diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic neuropathy. This article critically reviews previous research and current progress toward stem cell treatment options for patients with T1D.
دور الاستقراء في بناء الأحكام
Authors: عبد الله Abdul Hamid Abdullah Quaid Alqahoom
Published: December 2021

This article aims to explore the role of induction in the construction Islamic commandments and the rules of Islamic jurisprudence. The pioneers of Islamic jurisprudence do not release rulings unless there is evidence indicating the issue, so, they base their fatwa or their actions with a legal ruling on evidence, and this evidence may be definitive, such as the book of Allah Almighty, the Sunnah, the consensus, or indefinite, except that when they mention some evidence along with its textual basis.

They say: This is evidenced by consensus, and the basis for consensus is as for the Quran, the Sunnah, or induction. The legal rulings were based on evidence that had a basis to lean on, so, I tried in this research to study the legal evidence, and what it leans on. I chose the induction that follows all the particles of essence, and how this induction is the basis of the legal evidence, as their saying of consensus is based on induction.
Isolation and Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory activity of Epigallocatechin from Senegalia rugata along with PUFAs
Authors: Ponugoti Mounica , Prasad Panda Siva , Kulandaivelu Umasankar , Rao GSN Koteswara , Reddy Alavala Rajasekhar , Jagadeesh Varma Nallaparaju
Published: December 2021

Senegalia rugata (Lam.) Britton & Rose, Synonym: Acacia concinna (Wild.) DC., Family: Fabaceae is one of the ayurvedic medicinal plant and commonly known as shikakai. The pods of S. rugata are normally used for cleansing of hair naturally due to the presence of higher content of saponins. In this study, we have isolated six compounds consisting of epigallocatechin (monomeric proanthocyanidin) from ethanol extract of S. rugata and a mixture of methyl esters of five polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA): methyl oleate, glyceryl trilinoleate, methyl linoleate methyl eicosenoate and methyl vernolate from petroleum ether extract of S rugata. The structures of the six compounds were elucidated using 1HNMR, 13CNMR and IR spectral studies. Epigallocatechin has shown significant in vitro anti-inflammatory property in a dose-dependent manner using the HRBC membrane stabilization method.
Diagnostic approach to Perimenopausal bleeding by Pipelle or Dilatation and Curettage
Authors: Mohammed Kadhim Ishraq
Published: December 2021

Perimenopausal bleeding, is a very common problem, which is an alarming symptom for both; women and their doctors because of the rising fears of cellular changes or tumor of endometrium. In our study we tried to prove that collecting endometrial samples using the outpatient method of Pipelle is as effective as collecting the endometrial samples in the traditional method of Dilation and Curettage (DandC) in operation theatre which necessitates general anesthesia. Ninety four patients more than 40 years old were included in the study, all of them were complaining of abnormal uterine bleeding (pregnant ladies and ladies using hormonal contraception were excluded from the study) and endometrial samples were collected first in outpatient clinic using the Pipelle and labelled as A samples and secondly in the theatre under general anesthesia by dilatation and curettage and labelled as B samples, all samples were sent for histopathology without informing the pathologist about the method of sample collection and patients past medical history. Then, the reports of histopathological examination were compared between Pipelle and DandC samples (group A and group B). From the results we can conclude that samples of endometrium using Pipelle could replace the traditional method of DandC, with high specificity and sensitivity in detecting endometrial carcinoma and endometrial hyperplasia.
Evaluation of genotoxicity in buccal mucosa of patients subjected to X-rays by degenerative nuclear alterations study
Authors: M. Luke Alexander , B. Khair Al Moutassem , Kudrutullah Syed , Mathew Simy , Fanas Salem A. , Shetty Krishna P. , Patnaik Rajashree
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study is to explore the genotoxicity of cells obtained from the buccal mucosa in patients who were exposed to dental X-rays using micronucleus analysis. All the subjects underwent a routine oral clinical examination and subjects with any visible or symptomatic change in the buccal mucosa were excluded. Subjects who were expose to X rays in the past 6 months were also excluded. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria a total of 116 subjects were recruited. The included subjects were all nonsmokers. The genotoxicity was studied by micronucleus assay. There was significant difference in the frequency of multinucleated cell numbers from before exposure to after exposure to OPG. In patients having exposed to CBCT, a higher cell turnover was detected. The number of multinucleated cells gradually increases after panoramic radiographs, hence dental X-rays should be prescribed only when absolutely necessary.
Development of Herbal Ayurvedic Formulation as Digestive Tablets, Evaluation of it’s Pharmaceutical, Pharmacognostic Parameters and Screening of its Antioxidant Potential
Authors: Sharma Vikas , Majee Chandana , Kaushik Rahul , Saxena Shivani , Salahuddin Salahuddin , Mazumdar Avijit
Published: December 2021

Herbal digestive tablets are meant for treating indigestion problems. The indigestion problem is one of the major problems of all (the) ages of human beings. As trends for eating fast foods is increasing, simultaneously the improper digestion also tends to increase. There are a number of digestive tablets in the market but in attempt to improve their taste the actual motto behind their use is masked. To combat the indigestion problems, in the present study an attempt has been made to formulate, develop and evaluate herbal digestive tablets. The formula of the digestive tablet has been decided after deep review of Ayurvedic formulary of India. The ingredients of this formulation have been procured from authentic sources. The wet granulation method was used to prepare the granules for punching the tablets. After preparation, the herbal digestive tablets were subjected to various pharmaceutical evaluations and quality control evaluations as per the guidelines from World Health Organization (WHO). The formulation was also subjected to antioxidant screening using Phosphomolybdenum method. The digestive tablets are obtained as light brown-colored round tablets with pleasant odour and spicy taste with an average size of 8mm and smooth edges. Maximum extractive value was observed as 34% in methanol with a total ash value of 10.16%. Other parameters reported as bitterness value- 0.69 units, volatile oil content-8%, loss on drying- 12.3%, swelling and foaming index of 0.27 and less than 100 respectively. The tablets showed a total antioxidant potential of 0.51mg/mg as Ascorbic acid equivalent. Tablets also pass various pharmaceutical evaluation parameters like hardness, friability, weight variation, and disintegration test. Herbal digestive tablets have very excellent taste due to less bitter drugs. The tablet formula can be applied to prepare large scale production of digestive tablets.
Method development and validation of RP-HPLC method for the determination of sumatriptan in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form
Authors: Gopi Krishna Rakam , Murthy M. Srinivasa , Kavya V.
Published: December 2021

The objective of the study was to develop RP-HPLC method for the determination of purity of sumatriptan in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. The development of an analytical method for the determination of drugs by HPLC has received considerable attention in recent years because of their importance in quality control of drugs and drug products. The aim of this current study was to develop a simple, rapid, precise, accurate and sensitive HPLC method for the analysis of sumatriptan in bulk and its pharmaceutical dosage form by using solvent system of TEA : ACN : methanol in the ratio 80:10:10 and C8 ODS Inertsil (250*4.6mm, 5i.d) stationary phase. The chromatographic condition is set at flow rate of 1ml/min with PDA detector at 221 nm. As per ICH requirements validation studies are carried out by using freshly prepared solutions. The linearity was demonstrated over the concentration range of 5-150 µg / ml and value was found to be as 0.99998. The %RSD of precision was found to be 0.260. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 1.967μg/ml and 5.961μg/ml respectively. Forced degradation studies were carried out under various stress conditions to demonstrate the stability-indicating capability of the developed RP-HPLC method. The proposed method was found to be simple, precise, accurate and validated according to the International Council for Harmonisation guidelines.
Chemometric Approach to Assess Response Correlation and its Classification in simplex centroid design for Pre-Optimization stage of Catechin-SNEDDS
Authors: Shiyan Shaum , Zubaidah Zubaidah , Pratiwi Galih
Published: December 2021

Catechins are isolated from tea leaves and shown to have pharmacological activities. However, the permeability and absorption capacity of the digestive tract is low, thus affecting the value of bioavailability. Self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) is formulated as a breakthrough in nano delivery to increase the value of bioavailability and stability in a model of natural compounds, namely catechins. This study applies chemometrics to the simplex centroid design (SCD) to analyze the catechin-SNEDDS pre-optimization design. The factors defined include oleic acid, croduret 50-SS, and propylene glycol. Evaluation parameters include emulsification time, percent transmittance (%T), freeze-thaw, and endurance test. The results showed a formula that met the requirements at the time of emulsification, stability, and %T. There were four clusters of results from the principal component analysis - cluster analysis (PCA-CA) in the SCD formula. The evaluation between responses in the SCD optimization design is indicated to have a positive correlation. Analysis using multivariate chemometric can describe the characteristics of each formula and the response based on the parameters used, which refers to the similarity, grouping, and correlation of each formula and response. The PCA-CA technique can group formulas from SCD in similar clusters and provide important information regarding response patterns or correlations.
A Logical Approach to Development of Natamycin Loaded NLCs: Preformulation Studies, Formulation Development and In Vitro Characterization
Authors: Choudhary Ishwari , K. Suresh Preeti
Published: December 2021

This study was aimed at the development of natamycin loaded nano-structured lipid carriers (NLCs) and their characterization for physicochemical properties i.e., Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), UV-Visible spectroscopy, meting point, solubility proﬁle and partition coeﬃcient. FTIR and Diﬀerential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) permit the characterization of the drug, excipients and binary mixture and thus assisted in predicting the compatibility of natamycin with other excipients. Lipid screening for formulation of NLCs were performed by their solubility and drug affinity studies. High homogenization and sonication method was employed for the development of natamycin loaded NLCs and it was characterized for vesicle size, zeta potential, % entrapment eﬃciency, viscosity, pH and percentage drug release up to 12 h.
Neuroprotective effects of thymoquinone against MDMA-induced neurotoxicity
Authors: NS. Mustafa , N. Mohamad , Bakar NH. Abu , Adnan LH. Mohd , R. Jeharsae , M. Talek , NFA. Md. Fauzi , NZ. Ahmad
Published: December 2021

MDMA (3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is a psychoactive substance that is associated with neurotoxicity. MDMA exposure to human results in the degeneration of neuronal cells in the hippocampus. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine the potential of a natural compound known as thymoquinone (TQ) to protect against neuronal damage and memory impairment in rats stimulated by MDMA. The administration of TQ into MDMA-induced neuronal damage rats was carried out in male Sprague Dawley via a 1-week treatment dividing into four groups (n=36, 7-9 per group). The studied groups involved with the treatments comprise i) Control (1 mL/kg saline), ii) MDMA (10 mg/kg MDMA), iii) MDMA+TQ (10 mg/kg MDMA + 40 mg/kg TQ) and iv) TQ control (40 mg/kg TQ). A novel object recognition test (NORT) was carried out to evaluate the memory performance of the rats, followed by a histopathological assessment of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. The histopathology analysis revealed a significant increase in numbers of positive cells by Fluoro-Jade C following the effect of MDMA on neuronal damage (MDMA induced group) compared to control (P<0.05). Next, the TQ treatments observed in MDMA+TQ exhibited a decline in positive cells from Fluoro-Jade C. The index of recognition memory was found to be increased in MDMA+TQ compared to the MDMA alone (P<0.05). This study suggests that the neuronal damage inflicted by MDMA in a rat model has the potential to be treated by TQ.
A Stability Indicating Method Development and Validation for The Simultaneous Estimation of Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Alafenamide and Doultegravir in Pharmaceutical Formulation by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Konam Kishore , Reddy Kanala Somasekhar
Published: December 2021

A Precise, specific, linear, accurate and robust technique used to be developed for the simultaneous estimation of the, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir alafenamide and Doultegravir in pill dosage structure and Validated as per ICH Validation guidelines. Method was once optimised with the useful resource of Acquity BEH C18 125A° (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.7μ) column at a flow rate of 0.6ml/min, Mobile part was as soon as pH 3.8 Buffer, Methanol and Acetonitrile (50:40:10 respectively). The Column Oven temperature used to be maintained at 35°C and working wave dimension used to be selected at 274nm. The retention times of Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Alafenamide and Doultegravir have been determined to be 3.77, 6.34 and 7.67minutes respectively. The % RSD of the Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Alafenamide and Doultegravir had been and located to be 0.27%, 1.24% and 0.11% respectivelyIn Method precision Parameter, % Assay had been determined ninety five to 105.0% and p.c Recovery had been acquired as 98.9%, 100.4% and 100.0% for Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Alafenamide and Doultegravir respectively. Linearity was as soon as acquired as 0.999, 0.999 and 0.999 for Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Alafenamide and Doultegravir respectively. Analytical Range used to be determined from the linearity and accuracy for Emitricitabine used to be 50µg/mL to 150µg/mL, Tenofovir Alafenamide used to be as soon as 6.25µg/mL to 18.75µg/mL and Doultegravir was as soon as 12.5µg/mL to 37.5µg/mL.
Preparation,Characterization and Study of Biological Activity for some new derivatives Mannich's bases derived from Shiff's bases
Authors: Sadiq Majeed Nadia , Ali Saleh Nada , AL-Baqi Aldujaili Radhiyah Abd
Published: December 2021

This paper involves synthesis new Mannich bases derived from Shiff' bases which prepared from isatin by the reaction of isatin with different aromatic amines to prepare Shiff bases derivatives (M, G, B, R, X, S), then Shiff's bases derivatives reacted with formaldehyde and piperazine to produce Mannich bases derivatives (M1, G1, B1, R1, X1, S1). The third step included the assay of biological activity of all compounds against four types of pathogens bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Granutice tella adiacens) gram positive and (E. coli, Proteus mirabilis) gram negative the results exhibited excellent biological activity for all derivatives compared to antibiotics (Ampicillin and Ciprofloxacin) these structures were identified by FT-IR,1HNMRand 13CNMR.
Development and Evaluation of Sunscreen Cream Containing Benzophenone-3 Microspheres for Enhancing Sunscreen Activity
Authors: Rathore Shruti , Ram Alpana , Lall Dipesh , Agrawal Bhagyashree , Soni Pranay , Javed Naim Mohd
Published: December 2021

In present work, sunscreen cream containing Benzophenone – 3 microspheres were prepared and an attempt were made to deliver sunscreening agent in sustained release manner from microspheres containing cream. Microspheres are prepared by emulsion cum thermal gelation technique and the o/w emulsion was selected as cream. Optimized batch of microspheres were taken and mixed with cream. This cream was subjected to determination of various parameters like color, pH, rancidity, viscosity, spreadability and extrudability. In vitro drug release study and SPF were determined. Cream has also been evaluated for in vivo ocular toxicity testing, skin irritancy testing, testing for sensitizing potential, and photosensitivity test. Results revealed that no ocular irritation and skin irritation occurs. Physical stability and chemical stability were tested. Sunscreen cream is homogeneous, smooth on application, having good spreadability and extrudability and milky white in color. The pH was found to be 7.1. Cream shows viscosity 32840 cps, no rancidity and no phase separation on centrifugation were observed. In vitro drug release study revealed that both 1% and 2% microspheres containing cream follow zero order release kinetics which means release rate was found constant. In vitro SPF was evaluated mean SPF of 1% cream was 13.74 and mean SPF of 2% cream was 31.47. Physical stability testing revealed that cream was not greatly affected by various stress conditions like freeze-thaw (-5 to +5°C), shaking (100-500 rpm) and centrifugation (1000-5000 rpm) except 5000 rpm. Results of chemical stability revealed that the formulations exhibited good stability at elevated temperature between 25-45°C and slight changes may occur which are reversible in nature. In present work attempt were made to develop microspheres containing sunscreen cream and it was characterized for various parameters. Sunscreen cream was safe and effective and also showed sustain drug release.
A critical Review of Dhoopan Karma in Ayurveda and Dhoopana of an Ayurvedic Herbomineral formulation Yavasarshapadi churna in context of Sterilization.
Authors: Mendhekar Kiran P. , B. Shinde Yogesh , V. Kashikar Shrikant , R. Yadav Sanjeev
Published: December 2021

Dhoopana Karma is classical remedy mentioned in various Ayurvedic scriptures to maintain disease free and hygienic environment in the world. As per Ayurvedic scriptures Dhoopana is indicated for Rakshoghna Karma which means killing of disease producing microorganisms. Hence, it plays key role in prevention and cure of various infectious diseases.A similar process called fumigation is one of best and fastest method to maintain asepsis, antisepsis in wards and operation theatres of hospitals.Additionally, this study comprises critical literary review of herbomineral formulation named Yavasarshapadi Choorna which is indicated in form of incense for Dhoopana karma. It is indicated in Ayurvedic scripture Charaka Samhita in chapter Jatisutriya Sharir Adhyaya of Sharir Sthana. It was reviewed in context of sterilization activity to maintain asepsis and antisepsis. Specifically, it is indicated for fumigation of cloths and belongings of post-natal period of Women and that of the New born, Drug preparation room, New born care room, Surgical Procedure room modern surgery, traditional operation theatre sterilization was done by formalin gas fumigation over many decades which is found to have carcinogenic effect over human lives. Ayurvedic modality named Dhoopana was undertaken in current study as it is a safe and healthy alternative for sterilization.It overcomes harmful effects caused by modern sterilization method i.e. Formalin gas fumigation which is need of an hour. The Analytical study of antimicrobial and antifungal effect of various Ayurvedic Dhoopana Dravyas is the need of the hour along with preclinical and clinical study to verify Sterilization activity of various Ayurvedic Dhoopana Dravyas.
Phytochemical, In vitro Anti-inflammatory and Antimicrobial Potential of Hugonia mystax L.
Authors: Jaiganesh K.P. , Jasna T.J. , Tangavelou A.C.
Published: December 2021

Hugonia mystax L., (Linaceae), is commonly distributed in the thorny scrubs and tropical dry evergreen forests of Tamil Nadu, which has been valued for centuries in traditional system of medicine for the treatment of various ailments. In the present study was an attempt to investigate the phytochemical nature and anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial potential by adopting suitable methods. Phytochemical analysis of Hugonia mystax L., plant extracts revealed the presence of various biochemical compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, triterpenoids and saponins etc. Since triterpenoids and flavonoids have remarkable anti-inflammatory activity, so our present work aims at evaluating in vitro anti inflammatory activity of Hugonia mystax L., by HRBC membrane stabilization method. The inhibition of hypotonicity induced HRBC membrane lysis was taken as a measure of the anti-inflammatory activity. The percentage of membrane stabilization for ethanolic extracts and Diclofenac sodium were done at different concentrations. The maximum membrane stabilization of Hugonia mystax L., extracts was found to be 94.97 % at a dose of 2000 μg/ml. Therefore, our studies support the isolation and the use of active constituents from Hugonia mystax L., in treating inflammations.
Evaluation of Anti-Ulcer activity of Tephrosia purpurea Linn Pers Leaf Extract in Wistar Rats
Authors: Johnson D. Benito , R. Sivasakthi , M.V Nazzneen , R. Venkatanarayanan
Published: December 2021

India is known for its traditional medicinal system – Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani. There are several references in our ancient literature about the miraculous curing properties of the plant-based drugs. “Rig Veda and Atharva veda” seems to be the earliest record of use of plant in the medicine. A stomach ulcer involves an erosion in a person’s gastrointestinal tract. ‘Peptic’ is derived from Greek word “Peptikos” who’s meaning is related to digestion. Peptic ulcer occurs in the part of the gastrointestinal track which is exposed to gastric acid and pepsin (i.e) the stomach and duodenum. The extract of Tephrosia purpurea flowers against viruses and is very good antibacterial against Gram +ve and Gram -ve strain. The Plant extract was prepared and the phytochemical analysis was performed. The extract was administered with animals. The drug were administered orally once daily for 2 days and 45 min prior to pyloric ligation. The animals are sacrificed after four hours of pylorus ligation. The result indicates that, Flavonoids and Tannins have shown to be present in the TPAL treated groups. Since flavanoids antagonize aggressive factor which play a decisive role in the pathogenesis of gastric lesion and also enhance defence factor to protect the gastric mucosa from injury. Flavanoids diminish histamine secretion from mast cell by inhibition of histidine decarboxylase and stimulate PG biosynthesis. So the antiulcer activity of TPAL may be attributed to its flavonoid content. The study concluded that TPAL has an anti ulcer activity which may be due to protection and the strengthening of the mucosal defensive factor like mucus, bicarbonate, prostaglandin.
CULTURAL INERTIA OF KARATE AND THE SECRET OF ITS SPIRITUAL CONTENT
Authors: Gharakhanyan Arman
Published: December 2021

Mysticism constantly teaches that in the depths of the human soul along with the human a secret connection between God and the world is hidden.
On the path of spiritual cultivation and in pursuit of the truth when a person's inner voice may be heard, the identity of his spiritual "thinking" must be revealed according to religion and beliefs. The question is whether the true path leads to Christ or to nonexistence or emptiness, as in karate and Buddhism.
It seems simplistic to think that Christian values underpin the philosophical system of karate. The philosophical perceptions of a Buddhist and a Christian oppose for the inspiration for everyone becomes his own faith, the supernatural, the mysterious, the divine.
And finally, the most important is what faith and values ​​the Armenian athlete wraps himself in, who his soul is looking for. Therefore, guiding by teachings of a different creed is a death knell. Saying death, we mean separation, division from God which is simply inadmissible for an Armenian athlete because we are for eternity, our soul has no right to waver.
TOURISM IN SCHOOL. THE SCHOOLCHILDREN ATTITUDE
Authors: Eloyan Narek
Published: December 2021

The study of literary sources, as well as the analysis of the educational programs of public schools in different countries shows that tourism training is included in the school system in a number of countries. Currently, in the state educational documents of the Republic of Armenia, tourism training is included in the curriculum of the subject "Physical culture" in high school as an optional part. However, studies show that in practice it is not fully implemented, and there are many reasons for that. One of the reasons is that currently there is no scientific and methodological base for the organization and implementation of the tourism training program.
ASANA IN YOGA – A SPECIFIC FORM OF MOVEMENT TOWARDS
AUTONOMY OF HUMAN WILL
Authors: Dobreva A.
Published: December 2021

The aim of the research is to theoretically clarify some of the issues related to the place of Asana in the system of yoga and physical culture in the modern historical stage of formalization of knowledge. This was preceded by research and analysis of ancient resources in yoga, which describes the phenomenon of "Asana"; establishing the place and significance of the Asana in the studied ancient sources; upgrading the term Asana and its explanation from a modern point of view of the achieved degree of formalization of scientific knowledge; theoretical substantiation of the characteristics of Asana as a mandatory component of Yoga by studying its systemic place in the studied sources; pointing out and identifying the general and especially specific characteristics of Asana as a component of yoga, distinguishing it from other means of physical culture, physical education, training and therapy.
Research methods include theoretical analysis and synthesis - distinguishing one of the components of yoga, namely: Asana and its study as an independent element and as part of the whole.
Resilient in herausfordernden Zeiten?
Authors: Höflich Sabine
Published: December 2021

Im Gespräch über Resilienz, die psychische Widerstandsfähigkeit, starke Kinder und erfolgreiche Teams berichtet Schulleiterin Astrid Wimmer-Standl von der Bedeutung des Miteinanders, das Hoffnung gibt und stark machen kann.
Schnipselbuch für Schulleiter*innen
Authors: Anderegg Niels
Published: December 2021

Der Verband der Schulleiterinnen und Schulleiter Schweiz hat vor Kurzem das Buch Schule 21 macht glücklich herausgegeben. In dieser Rezension wird das Buch vorgestellt und kritisch diskutiert. Es ist ein wertvolles und lesenswertes Buch mit Stärken, aber auch Grenzen. Es als Vision zu bezeichnen, scheint dem Autor dieser Rezension jedoch zu hoch gegriffen.
Socialização feminina, protagonismo humano e educação: uma análise a partir de Christine de Pizan
Authors: Ketzer Patricia , Scheffer Ana Paula
Published: December 2021

Christine de Pizan (1364-1430) defendeu uma educação de qualidade como ferramenta potencial para impulsionar o protagonismo humano, além de promover a igualdade. Afirmava a necessidade de se educar meninos e meninas igualmente, no processo de socialização, de modo a possibilitar o desenvolvimento intelectual das mulheres. Com o objetivo de investigar como uma mulher do período Medieval conseguiu se dar conta dessa necessidade premente, promovendo-a, o artigo em questão foi estruturado em duas etapas, a saber: em um primeiro momento, discorre-se sobre quem foi Christine de Pizan e em que contexto ela estava inserida. Em um segundo momento, objetiva-se analisar a contribuição de Pizan para a Educação, bem como compreender a visão da autora acerca da temática, relacionando-a com o contexto educacional atual. Como considerações finais, destaca-se a educação como cerne estruturante no protagonismo humano, em conjunto com o seu potencial libertador.
Veli Atmaca, Hadislerde Rukye Hz. Peygamber ve Sahabenin Uygulamaları Işığında Şifa Hadisleri
Authors: BACAK Muhammed
Published: December 2021

Dua; beşerin yaratıcısıyla arasında bağ kurması ve güçsüz bir varlık oluşunu kabullenmesidir. Kur’an-ı Kerim’in çeşitli ayetlerinde geçmiş peygamberlerin yapmış oldukları dualara yer verilmiş ve yine ayetlerde kişinin dua etmesinin önemine dikkat çekilmiştir. Aynı şekilde hadis kitaplarında da duayla ilgili pek çok rivayet nakledilmiştir. Kur’an-ı Kerim ve hadislere bakıldığında duanın etkisini yok saymanın ve faydasını inkâr etmenin yanlış bir düşünce olduğu görülecektir. İslâm’ın iki ana kaynağı Kur'an-ı Kerim ve Resulullah’ın sünneti, her alanda insanlığa neyin doğru neyin yanlış olduğu hususunda yol göstermiştir. Duayla ilişkili olan rukye kavramı, dua okuyarak tedavi anlamına gelmektedir. İslâm alimleri dua ile doğrudan ilişkili olan rukye hakkında çeşitli görüşler belirtmişlerdir. Ulemanın bir kısmı rukyeyi bir tedavi yöntemi olarak kabul etmiştir. Nitekim her türlü hastalığın tedavisinde insan psikolojisinin önemi gayet açıktır. Kişinin pozitif bilimlerle birlikte ilâhî ve nebevi ölçüler dahilinde Allah’a sığınarak dua etmesi ve hastalığına çare araması fiziksel rehabilitasyondan ziyade manevi bir terapi olarak görülebilir.
On the Genesis of Zhongshu Qian’s Fortress Besieged
Authors: Hongxin Jiang
Published: December 2021

Significant portions of Zhongshu Qian’s classic twentieth century novel, Fortress Besieged, are closely correlated with Hunan. This article explores the connections between the novel and Qian’s experiences in National Hunan Normal College (NHNC), later to become Hunan Normal University (HNNU). More than one third of Fortress Besieged describes the experiences of its main character, Hongjian Fang, at the fictional Sanlü University. This article argues that Qian’s time at NHNC had formative impact on Fortress Besieged, in which four pivotal chapters are fictionalized versions of his actual encounters in Hunan. Drawing on archival documents, this article analyzes the novel to determine the relative levels of historical veracity versus imaginative recreations. The ultimate goal is to demonstrate where depictions are realistic or fantastic, and the ways in which Fortress Besieged and NHNC become mutually constitutive reflections of each other.
THE CLASH OF THE EAST AND WEST IN MARYAM JAMEELAH’S AHMAD KHALIL: THE STORY OF A PALESTINIAN REFUGEE
Authors: ERMİŞ Güllü
Published: December 2021

This study analyzes two cultures that are in conflict on several aspects: The East and West. Religious, social, cultural differences are among these clashes. Yet, the conflict is not a natural and innate one. On the contrary, it is a result of imagined borders, prejudices, political and economical rivalries between the societies. Maryam Jameelah, formerly a Zionist and Jew, and then accepting Islam, is an insider to both civilisations. In her dealing the conflict she brings forth the differing values and cultural differences of the two societies and depicts the conflict. She concludes that it is not pertinent to values or cultural differences. The proximity of values and the cultures of the two have changed through time. Colonial penetration of the West to the East, modernity process condemning the East to the past and decadency hindering and stigmatizing the East also aggravated the clash. In “Ahmad Khalil” the conflict between the Zionists and Palestinians is told by Maryam Jameelah. She depicts that Zionism is an extension and amalgamation of this one-sided and constructed process that is dividing the world. As Joe Kovel says Zionist nationalism became not the restoration of a land but the establishment of Jewish colonial control over that land, and coordinatively the elimination of its indigenous inhabitants. Regina Sharif believes that this bad idea is nurtured in the west and supported by non- Jewish people of Europe on the basis of interest. The acceptance of the idea does not stem from compassion towards Jewish people.
Sustainable Technology in Developed Countries: Waste Municipal Management
Authors: Hoareau Carol Emilly , Ahmad Noraziah , Nuid Maria , Rubiyatno  , Khoi Dao Nguyen , Kristanti Risky Ayu
Published: December 2021

As more studies were conducted and global events unfold, a greater emphasis is being placed on the importance of preserving the Earth's natural resources and cycles before we face a catastrophic climate crisis. Thus, developed countries are constantly adapting their policies and legislation to promote green development for the sake of sustainable development, which benefits both the environment and the socioeconomic segment. As populations grow and living standards improve, more waste is generated. Appropriate municipal waste management is necessary to avoid harm to the environment, wildlife, and human health. Sustainable municipal solid waste management is even included in the United Nations' (UN) Sustainable Development Goals, which aim to improve the world's environment and economy. The European Union (EU) member states' waste management systems can be considered exemplary. In some countries, landfills have been prohibited, promoting the use of more sustainable technologies such as organic waste incineration, recycling, and composting. However, a divide exists between member countries, with some lagging behind in terms of waste management strategies. Thus, this paper examined the current state of municipal waste in EU member states, followed by a review of the various disposal technologies implemented. The difficulties and environmental concerns that must be overcome are discussed, as are the recommendations and possible future directions.
Recently identified epigraphic and peri-epigraphic relics from the Avar cemetery of Zamárdi
Authors: Fehér Bence
Published: December 2021

There are several metallic pieces among the finds of the Avar cemetery of Zamárdi that bear different scratches. The author discusses the items where the scratches are potentially runiform inscriptions or other peri-epigraphic signs (tamgas, numerals, etc.). The surfaces of six strap ends are undoubtedly inscribed, but the deciphering of those letters is unreliable; the characters mostly seem to fit well with the Nagyszentmiklós alphabet, apart from the fragment of the strap end from grave 1392, the two fragmentary letters of which are different from the known Avar-period writing systems. The first item (from grave 1807) shows a two-word sentence, its structure is typical for the Nagyszentmiklós-type inscriptions. Besides, a silver fitting contains a mark which can either be a Nagyszentmiklós-type letter or a numeral, and a fragmentary pressed leaden sheet proved to be part of a Byzantine leaden bulla. Nine other objects bear possibly intentional signs which are not inscriptions: tamgas, crosses or other non-verbal marks. Six objects are decorated with clearly ornamental scratches.
Details on the ecclesiastical history of Várpalota
Authors: Galambos István
Published: December 2021

Várpalota is known to be a ‘socialist town’ by common people and historians as well. There were industrial improvements and influx of thousands labourers. The town’s other, non-economical, side is a bit neglected. This side is the connection between citizens and their churches. A few respected catholic families were considered to be relocated by force, which happened a year later. This thesis describes the relation of the citizens of Várpalota to their churches from 1945 to 1956. Case of Vicar Antoine Steixner was paramount for anti-religious forces. This case was coincident with the resettlements by force. Communist dictatorship revealed its face again.