bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WHAT IS THE FUTURE OF INDIA CHINA RELATION – WITH GROWING BORDER DISPUTE AND IT’S INFLUENCE ON THE TRADE RELATIONS
Authors: Bhattacharya Sumanta , Ray Jayanta , Sinha Shakti , Sachdev Bhavneet Kaur
Published: November 2021

Where the globe is coping with an outbreak, China is attempting to urge management the border regions.In this pandemic scenario, China has attacked Arunachal Pradesh border space, increase it’s readying. With the support of Asian nation, China is getting in Associate in Nursing open war with China, With China management over the South China ocean most countries have stood against China and are supporting Asian nation in its fight against China, US is providing huge support to the Asian nation .Starting from Sit sang, to the North East states of Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim to Himachal Pradesh, China is attempting to enter the Asian nation region. Dokhlam crisis Pangong Lake and Galwan natural depression has been the foremost space of tension at the moment .On the opposite each China and Asian nation are a part of several International forums like G20 ,SCO and BRICS .Over the years China has blocked India’s position at major places like at UN , obstruction India’s bid for permanent member in UNSC .India has even reduced it trade relation with China , Asian nation was the country that has most imports from China and is trying forward to affix hands with different countries to count China Keywords: Asian nation, China, border, control, Galwan natural depression, Pangong Lake, Dokhlam crisis,Pakistan, UN
Employee Motivation and Job Performance: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Alase Gbenga , Akinbo Tina
Published: November 2021

This study aims to establish whether there exists a link between employee motivation experiences and job performance. A descriptive research survey was adopted as 206 senior cadre employees of First Bank of Nigeria were sampled using cross-sectional data from a semi-structured questionnaire. The result revealed that both monetary (competitive salary, salary raise, allowances, bonuses, and percentage profit sharing) and non-monetary (job security, job training, career advancement opportunities, flexible working hours, and retirement benefits) motivational incentives have a significant positive correlation with employee job performance in study organization. Specifically, it was revealed that competitive salary (R= 0.809) is the leading monetary motivational factor as job security (R=0.835) tops the ranking for non-monetary motivational factors. It was recommended that study organization will have to employ a mix of both monetary and non-monetary incentives in driving higher performance. Findings also showed that female employees are more motivated by non-monetary incentives (58%) while male employees are more motivated by monetary incentives (61%). Therefore, management should be more strategic in implementing its yearly financial reward contest and public recognition as this will induce the employees to engage in work behaviour that drives higher-level performance.
Manifestaciones radiológicas de malformaciones pulmonares congénitas. Experiencia de tres hospitales en Bogotá
Authors: Pardo Lizeth , Viveros Juan Manuel , Carrillo Jorge Alberto , Polo Fernando , López Andrés , Jaramillo Lina , Gómez María Juanita
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: Describir las características radiológicas de las malformaciones congénitas pulmonares y de la vía aérea que se encuentran frecuentemente en pacientes pediátricos, de acuerdo con la experiencia de tres hospitales de Bogotá, entre 2010 y 2016. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional y descriptivo con muestra de 27 pacientes de 5 meses de edad promedio, que cumplieron criterios de inclusión: pacientes entre los 0 meses y 17 años de edad, pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de malformación congénita del pulmón, pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente por lesión pulmonar o de la vía aérea y cuyo estudio histopatológico fue compatible con malformación congénita del pulmón. Resultados: La prevalencia de las malformaciones congénitas es mayor en el sexo femenino, 80 % de los casos contaron con diagnóstico prenatal, la malformación quística adenomatoidea es la más frecuente y la principal característica radiológica es el quiste. Conclusión: La tomografía computarizada permite estudios detallados de estas malformaciones, con una mayor precisión en comparación con las técnicas convencionales como radiografía de tórax y ultrasonografía.
Radiografía de columna lumbosacra en dolor lumbar agudo: ¿uso o sobreuso? Experiencia en el servicio de urgencias de dos centros de alta complejidad en Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Vargas Gayón Martha Rocío , Wilches Martha Catalina , Estrada Orozco Kelly
Published: November 2021

Introducción: El dolor lumbar es una enfermedad con una alta incidencia y recurrencia en el mundo. Hay indicaciones absolutas para solicitar la radiografía con el fin de evitar el aumento en su utilización y los costos asociados. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia del uso de la radiografía en pacientes adultos con dolor lumbar agudo que ingresaron al servicio de urgencias en dos clínicas de alta complejidad en Bogotá durante el 2016 y los costos asociados. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Muestra de 192 pacientes con dolor lumbar agudo, con radiografía de columna lumbosacra, que cumplieron criterios de inclusión; se calcularon las prevalencias de banderas rojas, síntomas y antecedentes que justificaron la solicitud, así como los principales hallazgos radiológicos de radiografías no justificadas y los costos asociados. Resultados: La frecuencia de solicitud de radiografías en el servicio de urgencias relacionadas con el dolor lumbar fue de 56,43 %. Más de la mitad de los hallazgos radiológicos son degenerativos. El 13,54 % de las radiografías no estaban indicadas por banderas rojas y el 9,37 % no estaban indicadas ni por banderas rojas ni por síntomas relacionados, los costos asociados fueron 15.926 USD/año. Conclusiones: La radiografía de columna lumbosacra tiene un bajo rendimiento diagnóstico en el paciente con dolor lumbar agudo que ingresa a urgencias, por la baja especificidad y sensibilidad y la falta de preparación del paciente, por lo cual se debe solicitar solo ante alta sospecha de lesión, luego de un examen físico e interrogatorio exhaustivo.
La interpretación del Objeto Dinámico y el Objeto Inmediato en algunas clases de imágenes de la plástica teotihuacana
Authors: Valdez Bubnova Tatiana
Published: November 2021

En este trabajo se analiza la interpretación de algunas imágenes de la plástica teotihuacana mediante la categoría de objeto, según fue elaborada por Charles S. Peirce. Las imágenes se estudian con base en la identificación de un contenido narrativo presente en la plástica y la definición de los rasgos diagnósticos de algunas clases compositivas que caracterizan la plástica bidimensional de este sitio arqueológico.
Teopancazco como centro de barrio multiétnico de Teotihuacan
Authors: Manzanilla Linda
Published: November 2021

A fines del siglo XIX, en un predio ubicado al este de la Calzada de los Muertos, entre los restos de un antiguo edificio teotihuacano, se descubrieron los fragmentos de una pintura mural. El hallazgo motivó las excavaciones arqueológicas dirigidas por Leopoldo Batres, quien despejó un sector de un conjunto arquitectónico conocido en la actualidad por el nombre de Teopancazco.
Farmer’s perception of climate change and adaptation strategies under temperate environmental conditions of Kashmir, India
Authors: S. SHERAZ MAHDI  , RUKHSANA JAN  , INTIKHAB AALUM JEHANGIR  , ASHAQ HUSSAIN  , M. ANWAR BHAT  , BHAGYASHREE DHEKALE  , LATIEF AHMED  , NAJEEBUL REHMAN SOFI  , S.A. BANGROO  , ASIF M.I. QURESHI  , OWAIS ALI WANI  , F.A. BAHAR
Published: November 2021

A study was conducted in nine different topographical locations of Kashmir valley to know the perception of the farmers about climate change. Adaptation and mitigation strategies adopted by the farmers were also documented over a specified period viz., 1980-2019. Results from the observed data revealed warming trends in all seasons, however, winter and spring season temperatures have shown statistically significant increasing trends at the rate of 0.040C/year. Analysis of seasonal and annual precipitation data shows a decreasing trend at the rate of -4.5 mm/ year. The farmers in the study areas had perceived that the climate has changed for the last four decades. Increasing temperature, frequent droughts and less snowfall were the main visual parameters experienced by the farmers. About 30-35% of the farmers have adopted different strategies by default to mitigate ill effects of climate change. However, the majority of the farmers (70%) have not adopted any strategy to cope up with the impacts of climate change. Farmers (>90%) have stressed on provision for an early warning system, timely supply of inputs, provision of financial support and nutrients for soil enrichment as viable options to combat the ill effects of climate change.
The system of regulation of the world tourism market
Authors:   Western Caspian University, Baghirova Nigar
Published: November 2021

This article the general characteristics of the United Nations system activity in the field of international tourism. International tourism is regulated on a multilateral basis and is carried out, first of all, within the United Nations system, which is tasked with adjusting international cooperation in solving the problems of economic, social, and cultural character. The main international law documents on issues of international tourism regulations were elaborated and adopted within the framework of the United Nations system. International Union of Official Travel Organizations was engaged in processing and forming tourism terminology and definitions after World War II. In 1974 International Union of Official Travel Organizations was transformed into the United Nations World Tourism Organization. The main aim of the World Tourism Organization today is promoting tourism development, as well as elaborating general rules and provisions contributing to international tourism development and tourist exchange in the world community.
The natural and anthropogenic factors of relief formation in the mountain meadow belt of the greater Caucasus
Authors:   Sumgait State University, Aghayev Tahir , Mardanov İlham , Eldarov Nazar
Published: November 2021

This paper presents some results of various studies conducted in the highlands of the Azerbaijani part of the Main Caucasus and Lateral Ridges of the Greater Caucasus using materials from field surveys and interpretation of satellite images. The results of these works, together with the analysis of studies by other researchers, made it possible to characterize the peculiarities of the development of the natural conditions of highlands, to identify the most degraded areas of mountain landscapes and to determine the most optimal ways of protecting the natural environment.
Natural and social-economic perspectives of the landscape planning of Khizi administrative region
Authors:   Sumgayit State University, Yusifova Sabina
Published: November 2021

In the presented study, information about mountainous landscapes of the Khizi administrative region has been analyzed. It is revealed that this administrative region has rich natural conditions and numerous fields of economy while at the same time has been exposed to anthropogenic impacts on different levels. Therefore, taking into consideration the backdrop of anthropogenic pressure, the study of the current exomorphogenesis of natural resource potential use, and measures to prevent the erosion, landslide, saltation, sedimentation, and other natural phenomena, it shows the need for the application of landscape planning.
Technogenic wastes and ecological problems
Authors:   Institute of Geography after academician H.A. Aliyev, ANAS, Aliyev Anvar
Published: November 2021

The northeastern part of the Lesser Caucasus encompasses the western part of the Republic of Azerbaijan and is characterized with a prevalence of unique flora and fauna and the availability of rich natural resources, particularly metals. It is known that the long-term exploitation of these resources by surface mining has led to technogenic contamination in the area. Exploitation of ore deposits is associated with the origination of huge hills of waste which cause heavy degradation of pastures, forests, and croplands. A significant part of widely degraded areas in the northeastern Lesser Caucasus is found in the territory of the Gedabek administrative district. This paper deals with the problem of restoration for contaminated lands formed due to raw material extraction on territory of valuable mountain forests and meadows over a long historical period as well as the use of collected technogenic wastes for different purposes (e.g. in land reclamation, construction of motorways etc.).
An ethical analysis of the 2016 data scandal: Cambridge Analytica and Facebook
Authors:   Istanbul University, Muradzada Nijat
Published: November 2021

This paper analyzes the ethics behind the actions of the 2016 Data Scandal on the example of 2 major sides, Facebook and Cambridge Analytica. Subsequent events such as bankruptcy of Cambridge Analytica and a significant drop in the stock prices of Facebook (a fall of 24%, equivalent to $134 billion.) were an integral part of this research paper to explore the role of the attitudes of the business entities over bankruptcy in these kinds of scandals. Thereby, a comparison technique has been employed to analyze the ethical dimension of the bankruptcy of Cambridge Analytica, and how the attitude of Facebook provided a chance of survival and recovery within this process. The outcome of the research clearly identifies that even in the corporative entities bypassing or violating the ethical standards can be observed. Albeit, there is a strong correlation between the degree of ethical standards and the sustainability of the businesses from the aspect of customers, partners, and the government. The article continued with the analysis of the significance of the immediate implementation of the ethical standards and deterrent defense with a manner of “bona fide” in these types of scandals to handle the crisis. The research concluded with an ethical analysis of data analysis and data mining from the Kantian definition of autonomy, Jurgen Habermas’s definition of privacy in the era of digitalization.
An analysis of note-taking strategies: The effect of translanguaging on content comprehension and knowledge retention
Authors: Wang Xinyi
Published: November 2021

Purpose This study investigates the effectiveness of using translanguaging for note-taking on students’ lecture comprehension and retention by measuring their scores on two tests administered two weeks apart. Methods The participants were English L2 Chinese graduate students (n = 101) studying in English-language programs in various English-speaking countries at the time of the study. The study used a quasi-experimental three-arm parallel groups design to compare the relative effects of three alternative approaches to note-taking (Chinese, English, and translanguaging). All participants watched a five-minute English-language video without subtitles and took notes using their assigned strategies. Then participants immediately took a comprehension test. After two weeks, participants took a retention test. Results The results showed that those taking notes in English only outperformed those taking notes using Chinese only on low-level, fact-based questions in the comprehension test. There was no significant difference found among the three language groups (Chinese, English, and translanguaging) in other types of questions (main topic questions and numerical questions) and the overall score. In the retention test, those taking notes in English outperformed those taking notes in Chinese in the overall score and all question types except for number-based questions, with the translanguaging groups also outperforming the Chinese group in fact-based questions. In addition, students’ previous study abroad experience was not found to impact students’ comprehension and retention of the video lecture content. Conclusion It seems that translanguaging does not aid advanced L2 learners in immersion contexts; instead, translanguaging may be more helpful for lower proficiency L2 learners.
Creating Ancestors and Affinities: A Rhetorical Analysis of African Art in the Story of Modern Art
Authors: Leigh Nana
Published: November 2021

In the twentieth century, the history of modern art was dominated by the story of modernism. Many actors in the field of art determined this course, but museums of international influence arguably had the largest say in creating this dominant narrative. Museums constructed their narratives of modern art by what they collected—and, of course, also by what they did not include in their collections—and by their presentations, both in exhibitions and in publications. This article aims to show that these constructions can be exposed through a rhetorical analysis of museum presentations, thus gaining insight as well into the question why certain narratives became dominant.
A Review on NiTiCu Shape Memory Alloys: Manufacturing and Characterizations
Authors: QADIR Razaw , MOHAMMED Safar , KÖK Mediha , QADER Ibrahim
Published: November 2021

Shape memory alloys have the thermoelastic phase transformation, known as shape memory characteristics, which make them be used in wide technological applications compared to other alloys. Ni-Ti based SMAs compared to the other families have more applications especially in the biomedical field since they have high biocompatibility, high strain recovery, flexibility, and antirust. In this work, the studies conducted for NiTiCu SMAs were reviewed. Additionally, different manufacturing techniques used by researchers have been explained. Different characteristics of the alloys have been clarified and compared with some other families.
Psychological Aspects of Partnership Relations between Man and Woman
Authors:   arna Free University, Bulgaria, Neshev Peter
Published: November 2021

One of the most current problems of the social psychology are presented in the article. Different socialpsychological theories of communication and interpersonal relationships are considered. The specific of the socialpsychological perspective in investigation of human interactions is pointed. Also, actual research themes within the social psychology such as social roles, personal identity, attitudes and interrelation between attitudes and behaviour are analyzed in that article. The place of the interpersonal attraction and love within the scientific socialpsychological knowledge system is shown, stressing on the applied character of the contemporaneous socialpsychological knowledge to investigated problems.
Language Usage and Disability Stigma
Authors:   ", Roydeva Anna ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

This study aims to trace the relationship between language usage and disability stigma positioning them in the context of terminology changes.
The Elite – Authentic or Restored
Authors:   ", Markova Ilinida ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

Knowledge is always the specialised one because reasonable and intelligent man realises that one is unable to have great knowledge in all fields. But knowledge is not a producer itself, A leader can make knowledgeable people productive. The beautiful ideal of a moral and professional leader is, as if, the best image of a manager. If we have to describe man of today from the position of such juxtaposition, the new type of self-confidence comes to the fore.
Prevention of Youth Crime in the Light of Recovery Justice in a World Plan
Authors:   ", Mitova Mariana ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

In today’s world, there is a worrying tendency to increase aggressive behavior among adolescents. Mankind is dissatisfied with the inability of the judiciary to cope with violence and aggression, and because of the increasing worldwide crime, is looking for practical ways to restore the disturbed peace between society and individuals. Thus, Restorative Justice (Restorative Justice – from the English – language semantics of the word is conceptually sought to mean restoration and restitution) emerges as a rescue tool. With her humane approach, she comes to the world to restore justice and disturbed community. Its main purpose is to heal the victim of crime and repair the damage caused. In many countries, it serves to reduce youth crime.
Russians and Poles: Mutual Stereotypes in Historical Projection
Authors: Smolina Tatiana , Melnikova Alla
Published: November 2021

The present article compares how Russians and Poles view themselves and how they view each other. People of different cultures tend to develop general characteristics of other neighbouring cultural groups. These generalizations are usually regarded as stereotypes in both everyday discourse and in social science tradition. The content of stereotypical perceptions in Polish and Russian culture is the main focus of this work. The study analyzes the relations between these cultures by and explores their national characteristics using historical and literature sources as well as sociological data.
Orthodox “Mysticism” in the Native Spiritual and Academic Philosophy of the ХІХ century
Authors:   University of Kiev, Ukraine, Mozghovaya Natalya
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of such a spiritual phenomenon in the history of Russian philosophy as its spiritual-academic branch, represented in the ХІХ century by the scientific and pedagogical activity of philosophy professors of four academies of the Russian Empire: St. Petersburg, Moscow, Kiev and Kazan. On the example of the Kiev and Moscow Academies, the unique features of this philosophy, manifested in the desire of their most prominent representatives P. Avsenev and F. Golubinskiy to combine elements of Orthodox “mysticism” with elements of European rationalist philosophy, have been considered. In the work of these representatives of spiritual and academic philosophy, mystical and scholastic traditions are combined. Both philosophers were distinguished by an extremely increased interest in mystical literature, in the sphere of everything irrational, in the phenomena of somnambulism, sleepwalking, and clairvoyance. They retained the glory of strange and mysterious thinkers. By virtue of the last argument, the author has turned to their work and tried to compare some features of their philosophical views.
In Favour of the Explanatory Fundamentality of Dispositional Explanations
Authors:   St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, Bulgaria, Elchinov Dimitar
Published: November 2021

I argue that dispositional explanations which explain researchers’ behaviour are explanatory fundamental. In summary, my argument states the following: 1)an explanation which explains another explanation is fundamental; 2)non-dispositional explanations are actions; 3)dispositional explanations explain actions; 4)thus dispositional explanations are fundamental
The Use of Lace and Passementerie in China in the Qing Dynasty
Authors: Miao Huicui , Zhao Feng
Published: November 2021

With the increasing normalization of social exchanges between China and the west in the late Qing Dynasty, a large number of Western skills and products brought by missionaries were introduced into China, including a large number of lace and passemeterie. The description and analysis of such trimmings are not sufficient now. This paper takes the court dress at that time as the physical reference, analyzes it according to historical documents and western techniques. It shows that the earlier lace used is metal lace; During the Guangxu period, a large number of net lace appeared; At the same time, passemeterie was also widely used in China. Chinese society has no clear conceptual difference between lace and passemeterie, and they both are used as an edge decoration product from other culture.
Origin and Promotion of Artificial Field Rearing Technology of Tussah
Authors: Song Tianyi , Bian Xiangyang
Published: November 2021

The artificial field rearing technology of Tussah silkworm is the first creation of China's sericulture, and thus opened the industrialization process of modern silk industry in the world. Because the literature on the origin and dissemination of the artificial field rearing of tussah is more in ancient Chinese books, the international overall research on the technology of the artificial field rearing of tussah academic papers is very rare. By referring to many ancient documents and translating them, this paper points out that the origin of artificial field rearing technology of tussah silkworm is in the late Ming and early Qing dynasty (from the beginning of the 15th century to the middle of the 15th century), and the only place of its origin is the mountainous area in the southwest of Shandong province, from which it spread to Henan, Sichuan, Anhui, Guizhou, Japan, Russia and European countries.
Corrigendum to: “Hypercholesterolemia Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Control Among Adults in Malaysia: The 2015 National Health and Morbidity Survey, Malaysia”
Authors: Rifin Halizah Mat , Robert Lourdes Tania Gayle , Ab Majid Nur Liana , Abd Hamid Hamizatul Akmal , Rodzlan Hasani Wan Shakira , Ling Miaw Yn , Saminathan Thamil Arasu , Ismail Hasimah , Mohd Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli , Omar Mohd. Azahadi
Published: November 2021

In the article “Hypercholesterolemia Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Control Among Adults in Malaysia: The 2015 National Health and Morbidity Survey, Malaysia” which appeared in Volume 10, No. 7(2018), a sentence in the abstract under results section, “Only a mere 12.7% (95% CI:12.4 -13.1) among those who were aware were on treatment and out of which only 53.7% (95% CI: 50.1-57.2) had their cholesterol levels controlled” appeared incorrect and should have appeared as “Only a mere 12.7% (95% CI:12.4 -13.1) were on treatment and out of which only 53.7% (95% CI: 50.1-57.2) had their cholesterol levels controlled”.

We apologise to the readers of Global Journal of Health Science for this error.
Determinant Factors of Health Financing Among Public and Private Sector in Malaysia
Authors: M. A. Zariyawati , T. Hirnissa, M. , S. Nurul-Farhanim, M. , N. Soh, W.
Published: November 2021

Health is a necessity for human well-being and productive. Hence, access to healthcare when needed is considered by many to be a basic human right. Therefore, it is important to invest in health financing to ensure access to healthcare for future needs, such as medical expenses. The current study aims to investigate the factors that influence employee spending on health financing in the public and private sectors in Malaysia. Further, we also examine whether the intention to spend on health financing differs between public and private sector employees. Multiple regression analysis and an independent-samples T-test were applied using SPSS to achieve this objective. Findings of this study reveal that employer and social influence factors influence the intention to spend on health financing in both sectors. Meanwhile, job factors only influence employees in the public sector to spend on health financing. We also found that the intention to spend on health financing differs between public and private sector employees.
Supply Chain Management: A Study on Competitive Advantage Relationship and Operational Performance during Pandemic Covid 19 in Indonesia
Authors: Roz Kenny
Published: November 2021

This research was conducted to reveal the relationship between supply chain management, competitive advantage, and operational performance in coffee shops in Indonesia.  The Data collection was obtained by distributing questionnaires online. The population in this study were business actors in the coffee sector, especially in the coffee shops in Indonesia. Determination of the sample in this study using non-probability because the population size cannot be identified. The sample of this study was 177 respondents. The research data were analyzed using path analysis techniques with analysis tools using Partial Least Square (PLS). The result found that SCM, competitive advantage has a significant positive effect on operational performance, SCM has a significant positive effect on competitive advantage, and competitive advantage is the perfect mediator for the effect of SCM has a significant positive effect on operational performance at a coffee shop in Indonesia.
Organizational reputation within the Framework of Total Quality Management: the University of Jordan as a Model
Authors: Shuqairat Enas Ahmed Al , Al-Shura Mohammed Salem
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to identify the organizational reputation of the University of Jordan (a model) in the context of its application of total quality management. The study sample consisted of (350) faculty members at the University of Jordan. The study also used the (questionnaire) tool that it developed is collect data after verifying its validity and reliability.

The results of the study showed that there is a high degree in the achievement of the University of Jordan for Total Quality Management, which was reflected on its reputation, and that there were significant statistically significant differences at the level (a ≤ 0.05) in the university’s reputation as a result of its application of the principles of total quality management, which was explained by the high standards of the organizational reputation variable, starting with In terms of (creativity/strength of financial position/quality of service/social responsibility), the criterion of attractiveness was the least effective.

Among the recommendations that came: maintaining the application of total quality management in the University of Jordan more effectively with continuous development and improvement, and working on marketing the University of Jordan to further improve the image in the minds of beneficiaries (existing and new prospects).
The Multiple Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on China’s Oil Security and the Rising Green Opportunities
Authors: Xie Haiyu
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has seriously challenged the global oil market, and coronavirus-induced oil prices crash, oil demand decline and global economic recession affect China’s oil supply as well. China has high oil vulnerability due to its rising oil import dependency which aggravates Beijing’s concerns about oil security, despite at a time of the pandemic-induced oil oversupply. This study uses the SWOT analytical model to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in China’s oil sector, and the changes in opportunities and threats caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has brought multiple impacts to China’s oil security. Results from the analysis show that the existing opportunities such as oil investments in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and domestic upstream opening-up have been weakened; new threats that the uncertainty over global oil demand-supply and decrease in global upstream investments have emerged; opportunities that an increase in domestic strategic petroleum reserve (SPR) and low-carbon development are rising amid the pandemic. Notably, the COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the vulnerability of the global oil market to systemic risks and accelerated the transition to renewable energy.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Sustainable Development, Vol. 14, No. 6
Authors: Sun Sherry
Published: November 2021

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Sustainable Development, Vol. 14, No. 6, 2021
Autenticidade na resistência do consumidor: estratégias de influenciadores para dieta low-carb no Instagram
Authors: Müller Carlos André Da Silva , Oliveira Antonieta Ferreira Machado de , Siqueira Fernanda Rodrigues de , Colares Vanessa Rodrigues
Published: November 2021

Objetivo do estudo. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar como influenciadores da dieta low-carb buscam autenticidade em seus discursos de imagens produzidos no Instagram.Metodologia/abordagem. A pesquisa foi conduzida sob a abordagem qualitativa e abdutiva. Coletaram-se 240 postagens de 6 influenciadores que divulgam a filosofia low-carb. As imagens e suas legendas foram analisadas, codificadas em 483 códigos, elevadas a categorias superiores, que formaram 7 microdiscursos e 3 macrodiscursos, a partir dos quais a análise de autenticidade foi feita.Principais resultados. As postagens dos influenciadores, conforme macrodiscurso adotado, têm características distintas. A concepção low-carb é um discurso emancipatório; a condução low-carb, um discurso mercadológico; e a estratégia anti-low-carb, um discurso de resistência do consumidor.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas. Os três macrodiscursos formam um modelo conceitual a partir do qual discursos afirmativos e de enfrentamento definem a autenticidade da filosofia low-carb. Foi possível desenhar o fluxo de racionalidade-encantamento-luta no qual se analisaram os riscos em que a autenticidade da filosofia low-carb incorre, em cada fase.Relevância/originalidade. O fluxo entre racionalidade, encantamento e luta representa um entrelaçado de diferentes abordagens teóricas que explicam a autenticidade, em relação ao objetivo de tornar a filosofia low-carb autêntica.Implicações para a gestão ou sociais. O trabalho ajuda a compreender discursos de influenciadores digitais, mostrando quando estes pendem para uma perspectiva mais estética ou voltada à saúde.
Ecological Model of Physical Activity Determinants for Children and Adolescents in Poland Compared to Global Research - Part 1
Authors: Mleczko Edward , Malina Robert , Cieśla Elżbieta , Szymańska Elżbieta
Published: November 2021

Aim of research. 1. Presenting the position taken by Poland in the international Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance (AHKGA) ranking of the potential physical activity determinants among children and adolescents aged 10-18. 2. Evaluating the implementation of the ecological model of physical activity according to international criteria. 3. Assessing the effectiveness of implementing the ecological model of physical activity in the world, taking the criteria of its functioning into account. Research methods. In obtaining materials and analysing them, the following methods were used in our research: non-reactive research (research and secondary analysis). In accordance with the methodology of social sciences, in non-reactive research, 2 techniques were used: desk research and content analysis). Research results. The physical activity/behaviour of Polish children can be considered average compared to their peers living in various parts of the world. This means that only a small percentage of children in Poland meet the WHO recommendations for daily physical activity (at a combined moderate and vigorous level) in order to counteract the negative effects of a sedentary lifestyle. The best performing area in this respect is school, where activities are focused on improving school infrastructure and physical education classes. There are no representative studies regarding the physical activity of children under the age of 9, and there is a complete lack of scientific analyses in the area of active play. The evidence for a change concerning the methodological paradigm in the approach to building a model of physical activity determinants is the already widespread use of the ecological model, proposed by Sallis et al. in 2002. Conclusions: The conclusions proposed the experts regarding the first Polish Charter of Physical Activity for Children and Youth indicate a need to disseminate activities supporting physical activity and to undertake constant monitoring of changes taking place in the areas of individual domains of the ecological model of physical activity determinants.
MODIFIED TAX POLICY TOOLS OF MUNICIPALITIES IN CONNECTION WITH THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. SELECTED LEGAL ISSUES
Authors: Krzysztofik-Pelka Magdalena
Published: November 2021

Regulations established in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic modified the legal instruments existing in tax proceedings. The issue of delivering tax correspondence has changed. The handwritten signature of the person collecting the parcel is no longer mandatory. It was replaced with the possibility of providing the last four digits of the ID card with the name and surname and the note „signature refusal - epidemiological threat“. Moreover, during the period of an epidemiological threat and an epidemic, unclaimedtax correspondence could not be considered by the tax authority as delivered pursuant to art. 150 of the Tax Code. Moreover, time limits in tax proceedings were suspended during both these states. The suspension of the time limits made it possible to perform activities at a later date. This solution was especially important for taxpayers who, due to many restrictions, could not fulfill their legal obligations. Unfortunately, the established regulations caused many problems and difficulties for tax authorities, which often faced problems with their interpretation and application.
CURRENT CHANGES IN THE PUBLIC PROCUREMENT LAW
Authors: Warchoł Iwona
Published: November 2021

The article contains an analysis of changes in legal regulations in the field of public procurement law. The author presents the practical problems of applying the existing act and the legitimacy of changes in the principles and detailed regulations on the manner of conducting proceedings and concluding contracts. The article also addresses issues related to the principles of public procurement law and legal protection measures in the new public procurement law.
DEFENDANT – (UN)NECESSARY PARTICIPANT TO JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS? CONSIDERATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF ART. 117 § 3A AND ART. 378A OF THE CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE (PART I)
Authors: Kil Jan
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the defendant’s right to participate in the trial in the light of the reforms introduced to the Code of Criminal Procedure by the Act of 19 July 2019 amending the Act – Code of Criminal Procedure and certain other acts (Dz.U. 2019, item 1694). The first part of the article depicts the evolution of the legal regime governing the defendant’s presence at the trial throughout the history of the Polish criminal process, and discusses the essence of the defendant’s right to participate in the trial. An in-depth analysis was devoted to the provision of Art. 117 § of the Code of Criminal Procedure, introduced in the Code by the amendment of 2019. In this regard, dogmatic analysis was carried out of the discussed provision, its ratio legis was presented, and procedural consequences of the introduced regime were discussed. The study discusses as well the doubts formulated in academic literature in relation to Art. 117 § 3a of the Code, and proposes a method of
interpreting the analysed provision.
The Four Petty Kingdoms of Upplǫnd
Authors: Iversen Frode
Published: November 2021

This article was first published in  "Vol. 84 No. 1 (2021)" of Norsk Arkeologisk Årbok in 2021. In 2025 it was re-published in the first issue of Viking Special Volumes.
In continental and north-western Europe armed cavalry – aided by the introduction of the stirrup – was closely linked to the emergence of feudalism but was this also the case in Scandinavia? Were the resulting military specialists linked to the growing national kingdoms, or to local and regional power spheres ruled by petty kings? I will investigate this in the  historical region of Upplǫnd – the last Norse area to be integrated into the Kingdom of Norway by Óláfr Haraldsson  around AD 1020. Two thirds of Norway’s 51 known equestrian graves are located in this inland area and I will employ a  novel way of investigating their relationship to local administrative units, such as þriðjungar (thirds), herǫð (hundreds), and not least fjórðungar (fourths), as well as travel routes and settlements. There is little that suggests that these graves were linked to an early national aristocracy, and its ruling Scandinavian dynasty – Ynglingene – as has been argued in previous research. Equestrian grave traditions survived longer in Upplǫnd than elsewhere in Scandinavia, which was not Christianised until the 11th century, and it is unlikely that the buried had served the uniting and converting King Óláfr. It is also difficult to establish links between historically known lendr menn (the most prominent retainers of the king) families, and such graves. However, a new revelation is that the farms where such graves were located, were situated along the  boundaries between local fjórðungar, which were judicial districts, as well as subsidiaries of local military administration in the herǫð. This suggests that these locations had important warning and supervision roles in local military systems.
Down by the River
Authors: Cooijmans Christian
Published: November 2021

This article was first published in  "Vol. 84 No. 1 (2021)" of Norsk Arkeologisk Årbok in 2021. In 2025 it was re-published in the first issue of Viking Special Volumes.
Like any other medieval mariner, itinerant viking hosts would regularly have made their way ashore to regroup and reinforce their constituent craft and crews. Accordingly, historical and archaeological records from across Atlantic Europe attest to various waterside encampments having been established during overseas viking campaigns. The everyday practical operation of these camps remains largely underexplored, however, maintaining long-standing impressions that these were relatively dormant hideouts, principally used to intersperse bouts of conflict or to wait out the winter. Bringing together the interdisciplinary evidence for viking encampment from Ireland, England, and the Frankish realm, this study provides a more pronounced picture of the overall logistics involved in establishing and maintaining sites like these. Focusing on the themes of sustenance, security, industry, and commerce, it affirms that the encampments played host to an intricate, adaptive system of logistical (inter)relationships, which contributed to the overall sustainability of the earlyviking phenomenon.
Decorin: a multifunctional proteoglycan involved in oocyte maturation and trophoblast migration
Authors: Park Beom Seok , Lee Jaewang , Jun Jin Hyun
Published: November 2021

Decorin (DCN) is a proteoglycan belonging to the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family. It is composed of a protein core containing leucine repeats with a glycosaminoglycan chain consisting of either chondroitin sulfate or dermatan sulfate. DCN is a structural component of connective tissues that can bind to type I collagen. It plays a role in the assembly of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and it is related to fibrillogenesis. It can interact with fibronectin, thrombospondin, complement component C1, transforming growth factor (TGF), and epidermal growth factor receptor. Normal DCN expression regulates a wide range of cellular processes, including proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and autophagy, through interactions with various molecules. However, its aberrant expression is associated with oocyte maturation, oocyte quality, and poor extravillous trophoblast invasion of the uterus, which underlies the occurrence of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Spatiotemporal hormonal control of successful pregnancy should regulate the concentration and activity of specific proteins such as proteoglycan participating in the ECM remodeling of trophoblastic and uterine cells in fetal membranes and uterus. At the human feto-maternal interface, TGF-β and DCN play crucial roles in the regulation of trophoblast invasion of the uterus. This review summarizes the role of the proteoglycan DCN as an important and multifunctional molecule in the physiological regulation of oocyte maturation and trophoblast migration. This review also shows that recombinant DCN proteins might be useful for substantiating diverse functions in both animal and in vitro models of oogenesis and implantation.
Utilization of Dedicated Electric Vehicle Plug-In Charging Stations in a College Campus Environment
Authors: Mathew Jijo K. , Horton Deborah , Bullock Darcy M.
Published: November 2021

As electric mobility is expanding at a rapid pace, the standardized availability of gas stations compared to a scarcity of charging stations continues to be the greatest challenge for electric vehicles. With cities, university campuses and businesses promoting electric vehicle infrastructure and incentives, it is necessary to develop key performance metrics and visualizations that can track the utilization of the charging infrastructure. This study performs a manual data collection at dedicated plug-in charging stations across Purdue University to assess their utilization. Approximately 2,800 observations were conducted over 50 days across seven level 2 plug-in charging stations. Results showed that for large portion of the observations, vehicles were parked at the spots (40%) but not plugged in. Vehicles plugged in to charging stations accounted for 34% of observations. Charging station spots were vacant for 25% of observations indicating that current infrastructure meets the demand. There were 74 unique vehicles that used the spots, of which 27% were plugged in more than 10 times. Illegally parked vehicles accounted for less than 1% with only 4 repeat offenders who used these spots more than once. As electric deployment continues to increase, performance metrics will be an integral tool for agencies and decision makers to help with the maintenance and expansion of electric vehicle infrastructure.
Der Weg zum steuerlichen innerbetrieblichen Kontrollsystem aus kommunaler Sicht
Authors: Sebastian Rainer
Published: November 2021

Kommunen werden regelmäßig als Dienstleister und Behörde für den Bürger wahrgenommen. Für den Fiskus sind die Kommunen vor allem Steuerpflichtige. Kommunalverantwortliche haben die Erfüllung der steuerlichen Pflichten daher nach denselben Maßstäben wie andere Besteuerungssubjekte sicherzustellen.

Vor dem Hintergrund der bestehenden Komplexität kommunaler Steuerpflichten, der ausgeweiteten Umsatzsteuerpflicht und der Positionierung der Finanzverwaltung zur Abgrenzung von Berichtigungs- und Selbstanzeigen hat die Frage nach der Ausgestaltung der kommunalen Steuerfunktion einen neuen Höhepunkt erreicht.

Die vorliegende Arbeit hat ausgewählte Kommunalverwaltungen auf dem Weg zur Etablierung eines Tax Compliance Management Systems beobachtet. Sie untersucht die Notwendigkeit und den Nutzen kommunaler Tax Compliance Bemühungen und arbeitet ein Modell zur Ausgestaltung und Einführung eines kommunalen Tax Compliance Management Systems heraus. Hierbei bedient sie sich empirischer Befunde und bettet diese systematisch in steuerrechtliche und organisationale Anforderungen ein.

Prof. Dr. Gunnar Schwarting, Honorarprofessor an der Deutschen Hochschule für Verwaltungswissenschaften in Speyer, merkt in seinem Geleitwort an:

„In diesem Thema kennt sich Sebastian Rainer ausgezeichnet aus. Er ist in einer Stadtverwaltung für das TCMS verantwortlich und unterrichtet gleichzeitig dazu in Weiterbildungsveranstaltungen. In seiner Dissertation an der Universität Speyer hat Sebastian Rainer Wissenschaft und Praxis miteinander verknüpft. Daher bietet das Werk auch für die Praxis interessante Anregungen für den Aufbau eines TCMS in der eigenen Kommune.“

Sebastian Rainer ist Absolvent der Hochschule für Finanzen NRW (Diplom-Finanzwirt (FH)). Er schloss berufsbegleitend am Institut für Arbeitswissenschaft an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum den Weiterbildungsstudiengang Organizational Management (M.A.) mit der Vertiefungsrichtung “Modernes Verwaltungsmanagement“ ab. Nach seinen beruflichen Anfängen bei der Finanzverwaltung NRW ist er zurzeit bei der Stadtverwaltung Gelsenkirchen tätig. Als nebenberuflicher Autor und Dozent beschäftigt er sich mit Fragen der kommunalen Besteuerung.