bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thieving and Receiving: Overcriminalizing the Possession of Stolen Property
Authors: Green Stuart P.
Published: June 2011

Historically, Anglo-American law has treated the offense of receiving stolen property in a variety of ways: it has regarded it as no crime at all; subjected it to accessory-after-the-fact liability; and treated it as a free-standing offense, subject, depending on the jurisdiction, to less punishment than theft, the same punishment as theft, or greater punishment than theft. To develop an analytical framework for determining which of these various approaches makes the most sense, we need to ask exactly what receiving statutes are meant to censure and deter. From a backward-looking perspective, receivers can be said to perpetuate the wrongful deprivation of the victim owner's property rights, effected in the first instance by the thief. From a forward-looking perspective, the act of receiving can, at least in some cases, be said to encourage the commission of future thefts by helping to create a ready market for stolen goods. The problem is that the offense in its current statutory formulation reflects only the backward-looking perspective, requiring nothing more than that the offender possess or receive stolen property (knowing that it is stolen), and saying nothing about the future effects of his act. And because perpetuating an owner's loss of property is a lesser wrong than causing him to lose his property to begin with (or so it will be argued), the receiver deserves less blame and punishment than the thief. Yet many modern statutes subject receiving to at least as much punishment as thieving. To avoid such disproportionality, various reforms in the law of receiving are recommended.
Reservations About Overcriminalization
Authors: Husak Douglas
Published: June 2011

In this paper, I describe what I regard as the most serious challenge to the theory of criminalization I defended in my 2008 book Overcriminalization. I explore whether the criminal law is special—sufficiently different from other bodies of law to raise justificatory concerns that warrant separate treatment from philosophers of law. Arguably, the criminal law is so broad and diverse that no meaningful normative generalizations can be applied to it as a whole. I respond to this concern here.
Science versus Rhetoric? Sprat's History of the Royal Society Reconsidered
Authors: Skouen Tina
Published: June 2011

Thomas Sprat's History of the Royal Society (London, 1667) is the most frequently cited work when it comes to describing the relationship between science and rhetoric in seventeenth-century England. Whereas previous discussions have mostly centered on whether or not Sprat rejects the rhetorical tradition, the present study investigates his manner of approaching past authorities. As a writer, Sprat demonstrates the same kind of utilitarian attitude towards the handed-down material in his field of knowledge as he says is characteristic of the Royal Society's natural philosophers. Making good use of Ciceronian ideas, Sprat emerges, not as a condemner, but as a rescuer of rhetoric.
Identification of estradiol/ERα-regulated genes in the mouse pituitary
Authors: Kim Hyun Joon , Gieske Mary C , Trudgen Kourtney L , Hudgins-Spivey Susan , Kim Beob Gyun , Krust Andree , Chambon Pierre , Jeong Jae-Wook , Blalock Eric , Ko CheMyong
Published: June 2011

Estrogen acts to prime the pituitary prior to the GnRH-induced LH surge by undiscovered mechanisms. This study aimed to identify the key components that mediate estrogen action in priming the pituitary. RNA extracted from the pituitaries of metestrous (low estrogen) and proestrus (high estrogen) stage mice, as well as from ovariectomized wild-type and estrogen receptor α (ERα) knockout mice treated with 17β-estradiol (E2) or vehicle, was used for gene expression microarray. Microarray data were then aggregated, built into a functional electronic database, and used for further characterization of E2/ERα-regulated genes. These data were used to compile a list of genes representing diverse biological pathways that are regulated by E2via an ERα-mediated pathway in the pituitary. This approach substantiates ERα regulation of membrane potential regulators and intracellular vesicle transporters, among others, but not the basic components of secretory machinery. Subsequent characterization of six selected genes (Cacna1a, Cacna1g, Cited1, Abep1, Opn3, andKcne2) confirmed not only ERα dependency for their pituitary expression but also the significance of their expression in regulating GnRH-induced LH secretion. In conclusion, findings from this study suggest that estrogen primes the pituitary via ERα by equipping pituitary cells with critical cellular components that potentiate LH release on subsequent GnRH stimulations.
Higher Cord C-Peptide Concentrations Are Associated With Slower Growth Rate in the 1st Year of Life in Girls but Not in Boys
Authors: Regnault Nolwenn , Botton Jérémie , Heude Barbara , Forhan Anne , Hankard Régis , Foliguet Bernard , Hillier Teresa A. , Souberbielle Jean-Claude , Dargent-Molina Patricia , Charles Marie-Aline ,   the EDEN Mother-Child Cohort Study Group
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVE

To understand the relationships between maternal glycemia during pregnancy and prenatal and early postnatal growth by evaluating cord C-peptide and IGF-I as mediating biomarkers in boys and girls separately.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We evaluated 342 neonates within the EDEN mother-child cohort study born to mothers without diabetes diagnosis before pregnancy. We measured maternal glycemia at 24–28 weeks of gestation and neonates’ cord blood C-peptide (used as a proxy for fetal insulin) and IGF-I at birth. Reported maternal prepregnancy BMI and all measured infant weights and lengths in the 1st year were recorded. Growth modeling was used to obtain an individual growth curve for each infant in the 1st year. Path models, a type of structural equation modeling, were used for statistical analysis. Path analysis is a multivariate method associated with a graphical display that allows evaluation of mediating factors and distinguishes direct, indirect, and total effects.

RESULTS

Cord C-peptide at birth was positively correlated with maternal prepregnancy BMI and maternal glycemia and was higher in girls. In a path model that represented prenatal growth, there was no significant direct effect of maternal glycemia on birth weight, but the effect of maternal glycemia on birth weight was mediated by fetal insulin and IGF-I in both girls and boys. However, in girls only, higher concentrations of cord C-peptide (but not cord IGF-I or maternal glucose) were associated with slower weight growth in the first 3 months of life.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study underlines the role of the fetal insulin–IGF-I axis in the relationship between maternal glycemia during pregnancy and birth weight. We also show for the first time that high insulin concentration in female fetuses is associated with slower early postnatal growth. This slow, early growth pattern may be programmed by fetal hyperinsulinemia, and girls may be more susceptible than boys to its consequences.
Fear of Injury With Physical Activity Is Greater in Adults With Diabetes Than in Adults Without Diabetes
Authors: Huebschmann Amy G. , Crane Lori A. , Belansky Elaine S. , Scarbro Sharon , Marshall Julie A. , Regensteiner Judith G.
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVE

Physical activity is a cornerstone of treatment for diabetes, yet people with diabetes perform less moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) than people without diabetes. In contrast, whether differences in walking activity exist has been understudied. Diabetes-specific barriers to physical activity are one possible explanation for lower MVPA in diabetes. We hypothesized that people with diabetes would perform less walking and combined MVPA and would be less likely to anticipate increasing physical activity if barriers were theoretically absent, compared with people without diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We surveyed 1,848 randomly selected rural Colorado adult residents by telephone from 2002 to 2004. Respondents reported weekly walking and MVPA duration and their likelihood of increasing physical activity if each of seven barriers was theoretically absent.

RESULTS

People with diabetes (n = 129) had lower odds of walking and MVPA than people without diabetes (walking: adjusted odds ratio 0.62 [95% CI 0.40–0.95]; MVPA: adjusted odds ratio 0.60 [0.36–0.99]; ≥10 vs. <10 min/week, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and ethnicity). Respondents with diabetes reported fear of injury as a barrier to physical activity more often than respondents without diabetes (56 vs. 39%; P = 0.0002), although this relationship was attenuated after adjusting for age and BMI (adjusted odds ratio 1.36 [0.93–1.99]).

CONCLUSIONS

Although walking is a preferred form of activity in diabetes, people with diabetes walk less than people without diabetes. Reducing fear of injury may potentially increase physical activity for people with diabetes, particularly in older and more overweight individuals.
Weight-Based, Insulin Dose–Related Hypoglycemia in Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Rubin Daniel J. , Rybin Denis , Doros Gheorghe , McDonnell Marie E.
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVE

To determine the association of weight-based insulin dose with hypoglycemia in noncritically ill inpatients with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We performed a retrospective, case-control study of 1,990 diabetic patients admitted to hospital wards. Patients with glucose levels <70 mg/dL (case subjects) were matched one to one with nonhypoglycemic control subjects on the basis of the hospital day of hypoglycemia, age, sex, and BMI.

RESULTS

Relative to 24-h insulin doses <0.2 units/kg, the unadjusted odds of hypoglycemia increased with increasing insulin dose. Adjusted for insulin type, sliding-scale insulin use, and albumin, creatinine, and hematocrit levels, the higher odds of hypoglycemia with increasing insulin doses remained (0.6–0.8 units/kg: odds ratio 2.10 [95% CI 1.08–4.09], P = 0.028; >0.8 units/kg: 2.95 [1.54–5.65], P = 0.001). The adjusted odds of hypoglycemia were not greater in patients who received 0.2–0.4 units/kg (1.08 [0.64–1.81], P = 0.78) or 0.4–0.6 units/kg (1.60 [0.90–2.86], P = 0.11). Although the relationship between insulin dose and hypoglycemia did not vary by insulin type, patients who received NPH trended toward greater odds of hypoglycemia compared with those given other insulins.

CONCLUSIONS

Higher weight-based insulin doses are associated with greater odds of hypoglycemia independent of insulin type. However, 0.6 units/kg seems to be a threshold below which the odds of hypoglycemia are relatively low. These findings may help clinicians use insulin more safely.
High-Sensitivity CRP Discriminates HNF1A-MODY From Other Subtypes of Diabetes
Authors: McDonald Tim J. , Shields Beverley M. , Lawry Jane , Owen Katharine R. , Gloyn Anna L. , Ellard Sian , Hattersley Andrew T.
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVE

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) as a result of mutations in hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-α (HNF1A) is often misdiagnosed as type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes. Recent work has shown that high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels are lower in HNF1A-MODY than type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, or glucokinase (GCK)-MODY. We aim to replicate these findings in larger numbers and other MODY subtypes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

hs-CRP levels were assessed in 750 patients (220 HNF1A, 245 GCK, 54 HNF4-α [HNF4A], 21 HNF1-β (HNF1B), 53 type 1 diabetes, and 157 type 2 diabetes).

RESULTS

hs-CRP was lower in HNF1A-MODY (median [IQR] 0.3 [0.1–0.6] mg/L) than type 2 diabetes (1.40 [0.60–3.45] mg/L; P < 0.001) and type 1 diabetes (1.10 [0.50–1.85] mg/L; P < 0.001), HNF4A-MODY (1.45 [0.46–2.88] mg/L; P < 0.001), GCK-MODY (0.60 [0.30–1.80] mg/L; P < 0.001), and HNF1B-MODY (0.60 [0.10–2.8] mg/L; P = 0.07). hs-CRP discriminated HNF1A-MODY from type 2 diabetes with hs-CRP <0.75 mg/L showing 79% sensitivity and 70% specificity (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve = 0.84).

CONCLUSIONS

hs-CRP levels are lower in HNF1A-MODY than other forms of diabetes and may be used as a biomarker to select patients for diagnostic HNF1A genetic testing.
Effect of Bleaching on Microhardness of Esthetic Restorative Materials
Authors: Malkondu Ö , Yurdagüven H , Say EC , Kazazoğlu E , Soyman M
Published: June 2011

Clinical Relevance

High-concentration carbamide peroxide containing home bleaching may cause a varying influence on the microhardness of esthetic restorative materials.
Effect of the Curing Method and Composite Volume on Marginal and Internal Adaptation of Composite Restoratives
Authors: Souza-Junior E , Souza-Régis M , Alonso RC , Freitas A , Sinhoreti M , Cunha L
Published: June 2011

Clinical Relevance

Modulated curing methods were shown to be effective to reduce gap formation in composite restoratives.
Coliform and Metal Contamination in Lago de Colina, a Recreational Water Body in Chihuahua State, Mexico
Authors: Rubio-Arias Hector , Rey Nora I. , Quintana Rey M. , Nevarez G. Virginia , Palacios Oskar
Published: June 2011

Lago de Colina (Colina Lake) is located about 180 km south of the city of Chihuahua (Mexico), and during the Semana Santa (Holy Week) vacation period its recreational use is high. The objective of this study was to quantify coliform and heavy metal levels in this water body before and after the Holy Week vacation period in 2010. Twenty sampling points were randomly selected and two water samples were collected at each point near the surface (0.30 m) and at 1 m depth. After the Holy Week vacation the same twenty points were sampled at the same depths. Therefore, a total 80 water samples were analyzed for fecal and total coliforms and levels of the following metals: Al, As, B, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Se, Si and Zn. It was hypothesized that domestic tourism contaminated this water body, and as a consequence, could have a negative impact on visitor health. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) study was performed for each element and its interactions considering a factorial design where factor A was sample date and factor B was sample depth. Fecal coliforms were only detected at eight sampling points in the first week, but after Holy Week, both fecal and total coliforms were detected at most sampling points. The concentrations of Al, B, Na, Ni and Se were only statistically different for factor A. The levels of Cr, Cu, K and Mg was different for both date and depth, but the dual factor interaction was not significant. The amount of Ca and Zn was statistically different due to date, depth and their interaction. No significant differences were found for any factor or the interaction for the elements As, Fe and Mn. Because of the consistent results, it is concluded that local tourism is contaminating the recreational area of Colina Lake, Chihuahua, Mexico.
HIV and Tuberculosis Trends in the United States and Select Sub-Saharan Africa Countries
Authors: Mahmud Ousman , Dates Centdrika , Akil Luma , Ahmad Hafiz A.
Published: June 2011

Tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are two catastrophic diseases affecting millions of people worldwide every year; and are considered to be pandemic by the World Health Organization. This study aims to compare the recent trends in TB and HIV in the United States and Sub-Saharan African Countries. Data (incidence, prevalence and death rates of HIV and TB) for the United States, Cameroon, Nigeria, and South Africa were collected from The Joint United Nations Programme for HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), US Census Bureau and World Health Organization (WHO) databases and analyzed using Statistical Analysis Software (SAS v 9.1). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare the variables of interest between the countries and across time. Results showed that percent rates of TB cases, TB deaths, HIV cases and HIV deaths were significantly different (P < 0.001) among these countries from 1993 to 2006. South Africa had the highest rates of HIV and TB; while US had the lowest rates of both diseases. Tuberculosis and HIV rates for Cameroon and Nigeria were significantly higher when compared to the United States, but were significantly lower when compared to South Africa (P < 0.001). There were significant differences (P < 0.001) in the prevalence of TB and HIV between the United States and the Sub-Saharan African countries, as well as differences within the Sub-Saharan African countries from 1993 to 2006. More analysis needs to be carried out in order to determine the prevalence and incidence of HIV and TB among multiple variables like gender, race, sexual orientation and age to get a comprehensive picture of the trends of HIV and TB.
Antioxidative and Chemopreventive Properties of Vernonia amygdalina and Garcinia biflavonoid
Authors: Farombi Ebenezer O. , Owoeye Olatunde
Published: June 2011

Recently, considerable attention has been focused on dietary and medicinal phytochemicals that inhibit, reverse or retard diseases caused by oxidative and inflammatory processes. Vernonia amygdalina is a perennial herb belonging to the Asteraceae family. Extracts of the plant have been used in various folk medicines as remedies against helminthic, protozoal and bacterial infections with scientific support for these claims. Phytochemicals such as saponins and alkaloids, terpenes, steroids, coumarins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans, xanthones, anthraquinones, edotides and sesquiterpenes have been extracted and isolated from Vernonia amygdalina. These compounds elicit various biological effects including cancer chemoprevention. Garcinia kola (Guttiferae) seed, known as “bitter kola”, plays an important role in African ethnomedicine and traditional hospitality. It is used locally to treat illnesses like colds, bronchitis, bacterial and viral infections and liver diseases. A number of useful phytochemicals have been isolated from the seed and the most prominent of them is the Garcinia bioflavonoids mixture called kolaviron. It has well-defined structure and an array of biological activities including antioxidant, antidiabetic, antigenotoxic and hepatoprotective properties. The chemopreventive properties of Vernonia amygdalina and Garcinia biflavonoids have been attributed to their abilities to scavenge free radicals, induce detoxification, inhibit stress response proteins and interfere with DNA binding activities of some transcription factors.
Soil Resources Area Affects Herbivore Health
Authors: Garner James A. , Ahmad H. Anwar , Dacus Chad M.
Published: June 2011

Soil productivity effects nutritive quality of food plants, growth of humans and animals, and reproductive health of domestic animals. Game-range surveys sometimes poorly explained variations in wildlife populations, but classification of survey data by major soil types improved effectiveness. Our study evaluates possible health effects of lower condition and reproductive rates for wild populations of Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman (white-tailed deer) in some physiographic regions of Mississippi. We analyzed condition and reproductive data for 2400 female deer from the Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks herd health evaluations from 1991–1998. We evaluated age, body mass (Mass), kidney mass, kidney fat mass, number of corpora lutea (CL) and fetuses, as well as fetal ages. Region affected kidney fat index (KFI), which is a body condition index, and numbers of fetuses of adults (P ≤ 0.001). Region affected numbers of CL of adults (P ≤ 0.002). Mass and conception date (CD) were affected (P ≤ 0.001) by region which interacted significantly with age for Mass (P ≤ 0.001) and CD (P < 0.04). Soil region appears to be a major factor influencing physical characteristics of female deer.
Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Heated Sterilized Pepsin Hydrolysate Derived from Half-Fin Anchovy (Setipinna taty)
Authors: Song Ru , Wei Rongbian , Zhang Bin , Yang Zuisu , Wang Dongfeng
Published: June 2011

In this paper we studied the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of the heated pepsin hydrolysate from a marine fish half-fin anchovy (HAHp-H). Furthermore, we compared the chemical profiles including the amino acid composition, the browning intensity, the IR and UV-visible spectra, and the molecular weight distribution between the half-fin anchovy pepsin hydrolysate (HAHp) and HAHp-H. Results showed that heat sterilization on HAHp improved the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity and reducing power. In addition, the antiproliferative activities were all increased for HAHp-H on DU-145 human prostate cancer cell line, 1299 human lung cancer cell line and 109 human esophagus cancer cell line. The contents of free amino acid and reducing sugar of HAHp-H were decreased (P < 0.05). However, hydrophobic amino acid residues and the browning intensity of HAHp-H were increased. FT-IR spectroscopy indicated that amide I and amide III bands of HAHp-H were slightly modified, whereas band intensity of amide II was reduced dramatically. Thermal sterilization resulted in the increased fractions of HAHp-H with molecular weight of 3000–5000 Da and below 500 Da. The enhanced antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of HAHp-H might be attributed to the Maillard reaction.
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy—A Simple Method for the Characterization of Polymer Inclusion Membranes Containing Aliquat 336
Authors: O’Rourke Michelle , Duffy Noel , Marco Roland De , Potter Ian
Published: June 2011

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been used to estimate the non-frequency dependent (static) dielectric constants of base polymers such as poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), cellulose triacetate (CTA) and polystyrene (PS). Polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) containing different amounts of PVC or CTA, along with the room temperature ionic liquid Aliquat 336 and plasticizers such as trisbutoxyethyl phosphate (TBEP), dioctyl sebecate (DOS) and 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE) have been investigated. In this study, the complex and abstract method of EIS has been applied in a simple and easy to use way, so as to make the method accessible to membrane scientists and engineers who may not possess the detailed knowledge of electrochemistry and interfacial science needed for a rigorous interpretation of EIS results. The EIS data reported herein are internally consistent with a percolation threshold in the dielectric constant at high concentrations of Aliquat 336, which illustrates the suitability of the EIS technique since membrane percolation with ion exchangers is a well-known phenomenon.
Enantio and Diastereoselective Addition of Phenylacetylene to Racemic α-chloroketones
Authors: Alesi Silvia , Emer Enrico , Capdevila Montse Guiteras , Petruzziello Diego , Gualandi Andrea , Cozzi Pier Giorgio
Published: June 2011

In this report, we have presented the first diastereoselective addition of phenylacetylene to chiral racemic chloroketones. The addition is controlled by the reactivity of the chloroketones that allowed the stereoselective reaction to be performed at –20 °C. Chiral racemic chloroketones are used in the reaction. By carefully controlling the temperature and the reaction time we were able to isolate the corresponding products in moderate yields and with good, simple and predictable facial stereoselection. Our reaction is a rare example of the use of chiral ketones in an enantioselective alkynylation reaction and opens new perspectives for the formation of chiral quaternary stereocenters.
Estimating Surface Soil Moisture from TerraSAR-X Data over Two Small Catchments in the Sahelian Part of Western Niger
Authors: Baghdadi Nicolas , Camus Pauline , Beaugendre Nicolas , Issa Oumarou Malam , Zribi Mehrez , Desprats Jean François , Rajot Jean Louis , Abdallah Chadi , Sannier Christophe
Published: June 2011

The objective of this study is to validate an approach based on the change detection in multitemporal TerraSAR images (X-band) for mapping soil moisture in the Sahelian area. In situ measurements were carried out simultaneously with TerraSAR-X acquisitions on two study sites in Niger. The results show the need for comparing the difference between the rainy season image and a reference image acquired in the dry season. The use of two images enables a reduction of the roughness effects. The soils of plateaus covered with erosion crusts are dry throughout the year while the fallows show more significant moisture during the rainy season. The accuracy on the estimate of soil moisture is about 2.3% (RMSE) in comparison with in situ moisture contents.
Integrated Physical and Mental Health Care at a Nurse-Managed Clinic: Report from the Trenches
Authors: Nardi Deena
Published: June 2011

The Health and Wellness Center (HWC), located in Joliet, Illinois, is a nurse-managed universally accessible primary health care center funded by a grant from the Health Resources and Services Administration. The goals of the HWC are to improve access to quality primary health care services for all patients, including those who are uninsured and underserved, and to develop and implement a model of nurse-managed primary health care that integrates both physical and mental health assessment and treatment. After 5 years of developing and using this model, it is clear that integration requires strategic supports from the financial, political, and professional sectors to be considered a cost-effective model of health care delivery. Recommendations for policy and practice change are offered based on the author’s experiences of providing integrated health care at the HWC and the health care industry’s responses to uninsured or underinsured patients’ needs.
Watershed Mapping and Monitoring for Northern Community Impact Assessment - Cape Dorset, Nunavut
Authors: Budkewitsch P , Prévost C , Pavlic G , Pregitzer M
Published: June 2011

This report highlights the Cape Dorset watershed assessment activity conducted by scientists from the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing at Natural Resources Canada and staff from the Nunavut Research Institute (NRI) and the Community and Government Services (CGS)
of Nunavut. This activity included the use of high resolution satellite imagery, airphotos, and onsite field surveys to map the watershed boundaries and lake depths of the fresh water supply lakes for Cape Dorset.
This activity was also used as a technology transfer exercise, whereby staff from NRI and CGS of Nunavut were trained to understand and use a set of tools and solutions for conducting small lake surveys and for collecting GPS locations.
This document is copyright of Natural Resources Canada and contains copyrighted material of Digital Globe Inc, the provider of the Quickbirdtm high resolution satellite image shown in this report.
Digital computer files resulting from this project, and described in this document, are available upon request by contacting the project leader or project members. The digital files comprise of:
- Vector files of the outlines of the watersheds for the primary lake (T-Lake) and a potential water source supply (Q-Lake) (ESRI shapefile.shp).
- Raster files illustrating the water depth model for the two lakes surveyed (Geotiff.tif)
- Vector files illustrating the depth contours (isobaths) for the two lakes surveyed (ESRI shapefile.shp).
- Tabular statistics featuring the water volume for the two lakes surveyed.
- Lake volume statistics stored as .kml files (Keyhole Markup Language) viewable on tools such as Google Earthtm.
- Vector files illustrating the depth contours for the two lakes surveyed stored as .img files compatible with Garmin GPS map devices.
- Precise GPS location of a reference point established during the field survey.
- Underwater video camera footage acquired at T-Lake (.avi/.asf)
The seismic shothole drillers' log database and GIS for Northwest Territories and northern Yukon: an archive of near-surface lithostratigraphic surficial and bedrock geology data
Authors: Smith I R
Published: June 2011

The seismic shothole drillers' log database provides baseline, near-surface (3-90 m; average 18.6 m) lithostratigraphic geoscience information on surficial, bedrock, hydro-, and permafrost geology. The revised and updated version 3 database contains 343,989
individual augered, or air-rotary drilled seismic shothole drillers' log records collected from 1952 to present. Originally published in 2007 as Open File 5465 (75,783 records) then updated in 2010 as Open File 6049 (275,871 records), the present database represents the sum total of all available
archival holdings from Industry. Compiled in a Microsoft Access database, and graphically rendered in a GIS, the shothole data span the length and breadth of the Mackenzie corridor, Mackenzie Delta, and adjoining petroleum exploration regions of continental Northwest Territories and northern Yukon.
The data, and numerous derivative thematic GIS and models stemming from this publication, provide an unparalleled and unique source of information that will benefit a wide variety of users (e.g., aboriginal organizations, communities, government, industry, land and water boards, regulators, and
scientists), and applications (e.g., environmental assessments, infrastructure development, land use planning, resource management, and seismic exploration).
Central Venous Access Port Devices - a pictorial Review of Common Complications from the Interventional Radiology Perspective
Authors: Ananthakrishnan Ganapathy , McDonald Richard , Moss Jon , Kasthuri Ram
Published: June 2011

Portacaths are tunnelled and totally implanted central venous access port devices (CVAPD). They are commonly used for intravenous antibiotic delivery in patients with cystic fibrosis. More recently, they are being used in oncology to deliver chemotherapy and apheresis. It is therefore important to be aware of portacath associated complications and their imaging features. This pictorial review illustrates and discusses common complications associated with Portacath devices.
Power Injection of Iodinated Intravenous Contrast Material through Acute and Chronic Hemodialysis Catheters
Authors: Hollander Scott , Mojibian Hamid , Emery Michael , Tal Michael G.
Published: June 2011

Purpose

End-stage renal disease patients with hemodialysis catheters in need of contrast enhanced imaging studies often have limited peripheral venous access. In this study we aimed to determine pressures generated in hemodialysis catheters during power injection of computed tomography (CT) contrast media.

Methods

Three different chronic hemodialysis catheters and two acute hemodialysis catheters were included in this study. All catheters were evaluated in vitro. A total volume of 120 cc of CT contrast material was injected at rate of 10 cc/s using a power injector. The catheters were connected to the power injector using a standard connecting tubing. Pressures were simultaneously measured in the power injector as well as in the hemodialysis catheters.

Results

The maximal measured pressures during injection in the power injector averaged 338 PSI (SD ± 8.7 PSI). The maximal measured pressure in the dialysis catheters ranged between 9.17 and 21.2 PSI. Pressures averaged 14.02 PSI (SD ± 3.34 PSI). The average pressure in the power injector was over 23 times higher than the pressure recorded at the hemodialysis catheter. None of the catheters ruptured or deformed during testing.

Conclusions

Pressures measured in hemodialysis catheters during power injection are lower than currently believed and markedly lower than the pressures recorded in the power injector. Standard hemodialysis catheters are likely to be amenable to power contrast injection in hemodialysis patients who have limited venous access. In vivo studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
A Comparison between Blood Flow Outcomes of Tunneled External Jugular and Internal Jugular Hemodialysis Catheters
Authors: Vats Hemender S. , Bellingham Janet , Pinchot Jason W. , Young Henry N. , Chan Micah R. , Yevzlin Alexander S.
Published: June 2011

Purpose

The right internal jugular (RIJ) vein is preferred for placement of long-term venous catheters (CVC) for hemodialysis (HD). Use of left IJ vein potentially depletes the access site for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or arteriovenous graft (AVF) placement because of the high rates of central venous stenosis. The right external jugular (EJ) vein is a viable alternative to the LIJ. The purpose of this study is to compare blood flow outcomes in a series of percutaneously placed external jugular (EJ), LIJ and RIJ HD catheters.

Methods

Using a prospectively collected database, we identified 46 hemodialysis patients who received a tunneled catheter during a 4-year period. Blood flow outcomes of RIJ, LIJ, and EJ catheters that were date-matched over the study period were compared. Using ANOVA, the blood flow outcomes of the 3 tunneled catheter techniques at 30-d and 90-d were compared.

Results

The 90-d blood flow outcomes of the 3 groups did not differ significantly. The 30-d blood flow was found to be 348.5± 56.62, 341± 22.42, and 365.7± 71.76 mL/min for RIJ, LIJ, and EJ respectively (P<.05). Using multiple regression analysis, no covariates (age, sex, race, diabetes) were found to be associated with blood flow outcomes at 30-d or 90-d. No identifiable factors were found to be associated with the difference in blood flow between 30-d and 90-d either.

Conclusions

EJ blood flow outcomes at 30-d and 90-d were comparable to both LIJ and RIJ historic data. Further prospective investigation is required to define the role of EJ CVC placement as another potential long-term access modality.
Bilateral asymmetry of the humerus during growth and development
Authors: Blackburn Amanda
Published: June 2011

The development of handedness throughout growth can be investigated by using bilateral asymmetry of the humerus as a proxy for this trait. A large skeletal sample of nonadults from English archaeological sites was examined using standard metric techniques to assess when right‐sided asymmetry first appears in the human skeleton. Results of this work indicate a change in directional asymmetry during growth and development, with infants and young children exhibiting no significant asymmetry and older children and adolescents demonstrating right‐sidedness. This trend is consistent with what has been observed in previous studies of upper limb asymmetry in skeletal material and behaviorally in living children, adding further strength to the premise that biomechanical forces strongly influence bilateral asymmetry in the upper limb bones. Variability in the magnitude of asymmetry between different features of the humerus was also noted. This characteristic can be explained by differing degrees of genetic canalization, with length and articular dimensions being more strongly canalized than diaphyseal properties. Am J Phys Anthropol 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A web‐based software educational tool for electronic instrumentation teaching
Authors: Poncela Alberto
Published: June 2011

This article presents a new software tool for electronic instrumentation teaching. The software is concerned with the main concepts underlying instrumentation systems. It is based on Java applets and organized as a tutorial. It acts as a visual tool for interactive simulations. The tool covers, in a practical manner, all the stages of a basic electronic instrumentation system, the sensor, the signal conditioning, and the analog to digital conversion. It must be meant as a complement to classical teaching methodologies based on lectures, not as a substitute of such pedagogical strategies. The software helps students in learning principles of measurement systems, to improve the teaching–learning process in the discipline. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21:E62–E72, 2013
Many task computing for orthologous genes identification in protozoan genomes using Hydra
Authors: Coutinho Fábio , Ogasawara Eduardo , de Oliveira Daniel , Braganholo Vanessa , Lima Alexandre A.B. , Dávila Alberto M.R. , Mattoso Marta
Published: June 2011

One of the main advantages of using a scientific workflow management system (SWfMS) is to orchestrate data flows among scientific activities and register provenance of the whole workflow execution. Nevertheless, the execution control of distributed activities in high performance computing environments by SWfMS presents challenges such as steering control and provenance gathering. Such challenges may become a complex task to be accomplished in bioinformatics experiments, particularly in Many Task Computing scenarios. This paper presents a data parallelism solution for a bioinformatics experiment supported by Hydra, a middleware that bridges SWfMS and high performance computing to enable workflow parallelization with provenance gathering. Hydra Many Task Computing parallelization strategies can be registered and reused. Using Hydra, provenance may also be uniformly gathered. We have evaluated Hydra using an Orthologous Gene Identification workflow. Experimental results show that a systematic approach for distributing parallel activities is viable, sparing scientist time and diminishing operational errors, with the additional benefits of distributed provenance support. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical–analytical investigation of fire products in intermediate storages of recycling materials
Authors: Krüger Simone , Berger Anka , Krause Ulrich
Published: June 2011

Organic materials like paper, cardboard, textiles or plastics are mostly flammable. In intermediate storages for recycling products, these materials are stored in large amounts. If fire occurs in these stores, large emissions of smoke and other potentially harmful products are likely. In the present study, the gaseous products released from fires of such materials—for example, because of self‐ignition—were investigated. Different fractions (paper/cardboard, textiles and plastics) were crushed at low temperatures (about 80 K) and subsequently allowed to smoulder at different temperatures using the German standard Deutsches Institut für Normung 53436. The gases produced were sampled and analysed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The chemical composition of these gases differed considerably depending on fuel type. For flammable materials without heteroatom, the gases consisted predominantly of toxic compounds like carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Smouldering of materials containing heteroatoms showed, in addition to carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water vapour, further toxic components containing the heteroatom. Materials containing chlorine produced hydrogen chloride, and materials containing nitrogen produced ammonia and hydrogen cyanide. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of gadoxetic acid‐enhanced dynamic imaging and diffusion‐weighted imaging for the preoperative evaluation of colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Chung Woo‐Suk , Kim Myeong‐Jin , Chung Yong Eun , Kim Yeo‐Eun , Park Mi‐Suk , Choi Jin‐Young , Kim Ki Whang
Published: June 2011

Purpose:

To retrospectively compare the diagnostic accuracy for the detection of colorectal liver metastases between gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI (EOB‐MRI) and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) on 3.0 Tesla (T) system, and then to determine whether a combination of the two techniques may improve the diagnostic performance.

Materials and Methods:

Forty‐seven patients underwent MR imaging at 3.0T, including DWI (DWI set) and dynamic and hepatobiliary phase EOB‐MRI (EOB set) for the preoperative evaluation of colorectal liver metastases. All suspicious metastases were confirmed by hepatic surgery. Two blinded readers independently reviewed three different image sets, which consisted of DWI set, EOB set, and combined set. The accuracy was assessed by the area (Az) under the alternative‐free response receiver operating characteristic curve, and the sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated.

Results:

We found a total of 78 confirmed colorectal liver metastases in 42 of 47 patients. Each reader noted higher diagnostic accuracy of combined set of EOB‐MRI and DWI than DWI set and EOB set, without statistical significance. Regardless of the size of colorectal liver metastasis, each reader detected significantly more metastases on combined set than on DWI set, and PPV was significantly higher with DWI set than with EOB set or with combined set for one reader.

Conclusion:

EOB‐MRI was more useful for the detection of colorectal liver metastases, while DWI was more useful for their characterization. The combination of EOB‐MRI and DWI showed significantly higher accuracy and sensitivity for the preoperative detection of small colorectal liver metastases than DWI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimization of b‐value sampling for diffusion‐weighted imaging of the kidney
Authors: Zhang Jeff L. , Sigmund Eric E. , Rusinek Henry , Chandarana Hersh , Storey Pippa , Chen Qun , Lee Vivian S.
Published: June 2011

Diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) involves data acquisitions at multiple b values. In this paper, we presented a method of selecting the b values that maximize estimation precision of the biexponential analysis of renal DWI data. We developed an error propagation factor for the biexponential model, and proposed to optimize the b‐value samplings by minimizing the error propagation factor. A prospective study of four healthy human subjects (eight kidneys) was done to verify the feasibility of the proposed protocol and to assess the validity of predicted precision for DWI measures, followed by Monte Carlo simulations of DWI signals based on acquired data from renal lesions of 16 subjects. In healthy subjects, the proposed methods improved precision (P = 0.003) and accuracy (P < 0.001) significantly in region‐of‐interest based biexponential analysis. In Monte Carlo simulation of renal lesions, the b‐sampling optimization lowered estimation error by at least 20–30% compared with uniformly distributed b values, and improved the differentiation between malignant and benign lesions significantly. In conclusion, the proposed method has the potential of maximizing the precision and accuracy of the biexponential analysis of renal DWI. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the atomistic origin of radiation‐structural relaxation in chalcogenide glasses: the results of positron annihilation study
Authors: Shpotyuk Ya. , Ingram A. , Filipecki J. , Hyla M.
Published: June 2011

Instability effects caused by high‐energy γ‐irradiation are studied in (As2S3)1‐x(Sb2S3)xglasses (x=0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, the results being treated within two‐state trapping model in both normal and high‐measurement statistics. The observed decrease in positron trapping rate of the glasses tested just after γ‐irradiation was explained due to renovation of destroyed covalent chemical bonds. This process was governed by monomolecular single‐exponential relaxation kinetics agreed well with corresponding changes in the fundamental optical absorption edge. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The electrostatic potential: an overview
Authors: Murray Jane S. , Politzer Peter
Published: June 2011

The electrostatic potential V(r) that is created by a system of nuclei and electrons is formulated directly from Coulomb's law and is a physical observable, which can be determined both experimentally and computationally. When V(r) is evaluated in the outer regions of a molecule, it shows how the latter is ‘seen’ by an approaching reactant, and thus is a useful guide to the molecule's reactive behavior, especially in noncovalent interactions. However, V(r) is a fundamental property of a system, the significance of which goes beyond its role in reactivity. For example, the energy of an atom or molecule can be expressed rigorously in terms of the electrostatic potentials at its nuclei. These and other features of V(r) are discussed in this overview. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2011 1 153‐163 DOI: 10.1002/wcms.19

This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures
Clinical Use of the Surgeon General's “My Family Health Portrait” (MFHP) Tool: Opinions of Future Health Care Providers
Authors: Owens Kailey M. , Marvin Monica L. , Gelehrter Thomas D. , Ruffin Mack T. , Uhlmann Wendy R.
Published: June 2011

This study examined medical students’ and house officers’ opinions about the Surgeon General's “My Family Health Portrait” (MFHP) tool. Participants used the tool and were surveyed about tool mechanics, potential clinical uses, and barriers. None of the 97 participants had previously used this tool. The average time to enter a family history was 15 min (range 3 to 45 min). Participants agreed or strongly agreed that the MFHP tool is understandable (98%), easy to use (93%), and suitable for general public use (84%). Sixty‐seven percent would encourage their patients to use the tool; 39% would ensure staff assistance. Participants would use the tool to identify patients at increased risk for disease (86%), record family history in the medical chart (84%), recommend preventive health behaviors (80%), and refer to genetics services (72%). Concerns about use of the tool included patient access, information accuracy, technical challenges, and the need for physician education on interpreting family history information.
Isomerization of Vaccenic Acid to cis and trans C18:1 Isomers During Biohydrogenation by Rumen Microbes
Authors: Laverroux S. , Glasser F. , Gillet M. , Joly C. , Doreau M.
Published: June 2011

In ruminants, cis and trans C18:1 isomers are intermediates of fatty acid transformations in the rumen and their relative amounts shape the nutritional quality of ruminant products. However, their exact synthetic pathways are unclear and their proportions change with the forage:concentrate ratio in ruminant diets. This study traced the metabolism of vaccenic acid, the main trans C18:1 isomer found in the rumen, through the incubation of labeled vaccenic acid with mixed ruminal microbes adapted to different diets. [1‐13C]trans‐11 C18:1 was added to in vitro cultures with ruminal fluids of sheep fed either a forage or a concentrate diet. 13C enrichment in fatty acids was analyzed by gas‐chromatography‐mass spectrometry after 0, 5 and 24 h of incubation. 13C enrichment was found in stearic acid and in all cis and trans C18:1 isomers. Amounts of 13C found in fatty acids showed that 95% of vaccenic acid was saturated to stearic acid after 5 h of incubation with the concentrate diet, against 78% with the forage diet. We conclude that most vaccenic acid is saturated to stearic acid, but some is isomerized to all cis and trans C18:1 isomers, with probably more isomerization in sheep fed a forage diet.
Retail Tobacco Distribution in Australia: Evidence for Policy Development
Authors: Burton Suzan , Clark Lindie , Heuler Stefanie , Bollerup Jette , Jackson Kristina
Published: June 2011

Despite a variety of long-standing tobacco control policies in most countries, smoking remains a source of considerable economic and health costs, resulting in ongoing discussion of potential policy changes. The contribution of retail tobacco distribution to prompting, facilitating and normalising smoking has received increasing attention, but the effect of retail outlets on tobacco consumption is relatively under-researched. In particular, there has been almost no empirical research on whether different retail outlets types have different effects on tobacco consumption by different types of smokers. This paper reports on two large studies examining the purchase behaviour of independent samples of smokers. The results provide the first evidence on the frequency of exposure of adult smokers to tobacco outlets, and show differences in tobacco purchase size across different retailers, and differences in the use of tobacco retailers by different smoker types. Implications for public health and tobacco control policy are discussed.