bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Mobile Phone Technology in Resolving Communal Conflicts in Mandera County, Kenya
Authors: Eymoi Mohamed Ibrahim , Mbataru Patrick
Published: September 2020

The unprecedented global adoption of information and communication technologies (ICTs) is rapidly changing the way people are communicating in solving problems. For several years now, the role of ICTs has become important in the way people construct their relationships in conflict resolution. Yet little is known on the dynamism of this interaction. It is not clear how mobile technology has contributed toward conflict resolution, and this study will contribute to the knowledge on the role of mobile telephones in conflict resolution. The purpose of this study was to explore how the mobile phone technology contributed in resolving communal conflicts in Mandera County, Kenya. This study was guided by three theories: conflict transformation theory, diffusion of innovations theory and social representation theory. The conflict Tansformation Theory is adopted as the main theory of analysis.  The main idea of this theory is transforming negative conflict into constructive conflict, deals with structural, behavioural and attitudinal aspects of conflict. This study adopted a descriptive survey. The population for this study consisted of 301 employees in ICT and security department where stakeholders in technology and security sectors and the public. Primary and secondary  data was analysed according to the objectives. Primary data was derived from questionnaires formulated to target employees in ICT and security department. The data analysis included qualitative and quantitative techniques.  Qualitative data was summarized and categorized according to common themes and was presented using frequency distribution tables, graphs and charts. Content analysis was used mostly to arrive at inferences through a systematic and objective identification of the specific messages. The quantitative data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results confirmed that short message service, social media plateform, instant messaging applications, and video conferencing play a role in resolving communal conflicts in Mandera County. The study concludes that Short Message Service, Social Media Platforms and Instant Messaging Applications can be used conflict such as communal conflicts. Video Conferencing can be used to solve conflict such as relationship conflict, arises from differences in personality, style, matters of taste, and even conflict style as well as conflict in the workplace like task conflict. County government of Mandera must come up with ways of incorporating mobile phone technologies such as Short Message Service, Social Media Platforms, Instant Messaging and Video Conferencing on matters conflict resolution. The study recommends that the County Government of Mandera in collaboration with the National Government need to come up with agencies to regulate the use of social media as a medium to communicate in times of conflict since they are sometimes prone to misuse.
YENİSEY VE ORHUN YAZITLARINDA YER ALAN ‘EŞ’ KAVRAMI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: MEZKİT Gülperi
Published: September 2020

Yenisey Yazıtları, Moğolistan’ın kuzeyinde, Yenisey Irmağı kıyısı boyunca dikilen tarihi Türk vesikalarıdır. Orhun Yazıtları sekizinci yüzyılda Bilge Kağan, Kül Tigin ve Tonyukuk adına dikilen ve Türk kültürel tarihine dair bilgi veren eserler olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Uygur Yazıtları ve yazılı kâğıtlardan derlenen belgeler ise Uygur Kağanlığı dönemine dair bilgi veren tarihi-kültürel bilgi formlarıdır. Çalışmaya konu olan ‘kadın ve eş’ kavramı üzerine incelenen bu eserler, Türk kültüründe ‘kadın ve eş’ bilincini ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamıştır. Bilinmektedir ki Türk tarihinde kadın, eşinin yol arkadaşı, yönetimde de (ister ev yönetimi olsun isterse de devlet yönetiminde) eşiyle aynı yetkiye sahip olan, meta olarak görülmeyen, hediye olarak çeşitli milletlere sunulmayan, köle olarak satılmayan, değerli bir konumu haizdir. Sahip olduğu bu değerli mevki, günlük yaşamda pek çok surette kelime ile karşılanmıştır; ancak Gökalp’in de belirttiği üzere, “kuma” hiçbir zaman “hatun” olamamıştır. Bu çalışmada Türk kültüründe kadının “adı olduğu” ve pek çok kelime ile karşılandığını; kaç çeşit formda ‘kadın ve eş’ kavramına rastlanıldığı da ortaya konan örneklerle sunulmaya çalışılmıştır.
Blood Pressure and Control Factor in Hypertensives Monitored at the Referral Hopsital in Boma. Democratic Repubic of the Congo
Authors: Nimi laise Makoso , Phaka Bernadette Nzuzi , Nlandu Rosette Pfuti , Thamba Fabrice Nlandu
Published: September 2020

Uncontrolled hypertension remains a significant problem in daily clinical practice worldwide. Few data are available on blood pressure control in hospitals. The aim of this study was the frequency of uncontrolled hypertension and associated risk factors in hypertensive patients followed at the general referral hospital of Boma in the province of Kongo Central in the Democratic Republic of Congo From January 1 to May 31, 2019; we conducted a cross-sectional and descriptive study at the Boma reference hospital located in the southeast and 440 Km from Kinshasa, the capital of DR Congo. Included was any hypertensive patient aver 18 years and informed consent. Information on demographic parameters, behavioral lifestyles, anthropometric and biological (blood sugar, creatinine, urine strip and lipid profile ) and blood pressure (BP) measurements was obtained. Hypertension was defined as an average of two BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg. Independent factors associated with control hypertension were identified using logistic regression analysis. P<0.05 defined the level of statistical significance. The prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension was 62 % BP control was observed in 150 (38.0%) of 395 treated hypertensive participants mainly in men than women (68.3 vs 53.3 %; p=0.001). Age <60 years (p=0.005), no smoking ( p=0.047), no Central obesity (p=0.008), CKD ( stade 1 vs 2 ) (p=0.065) , and no hypercholesterolemia ( p= 0.014) emerged as associated with control hypertension. Uncontrolled hypertension was common in our hospitals.Therapeutic lifestyle changes and pharmacological treatment are necessary for hypertensive participants.
Quality Of Birth Certificate Management Services in the Department of Population and Civil Registration Bojonegoro District
Authors: Suprastiyo Ahmad
Published: September 2020

Improving the quality of public services is an important concern for the government, this is evidenced by the enactment of Law Number 25 of 2009 concerning Public Services. Services maintenance of a birth certificate is an administrative services provided by the government to its citizens. However, the reality in the field of birth certificate management services at the Population and Civil Registration Service Office is not yet in accordance with the expectations of the community in getting public services, this can be explained in birth certificate services that often occur delays, so applicants have to wait two to three days. This study aims to identify and explain services processing of birth certificates at the Office of Population and Civil Registration . This type of research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Determination of informants using purposive and incendental sampling. Data analysis uses data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing / verifying. The results of the study based on community satisfaction survey showed that service quality management of a birth certificate get a good category .
Row Spacings and Schedule of Urea Application on Sweet Corn (Zea mays) at MSU-Buug Campus
Authors: Maato Junry R. , Bandera Abdani D. , Cullamar Jowie P. , Montuerto Angelyn M.
Published: September 2020

This study was conducted with an area of 540 square meters excluding canals and was divided into twenty plots. Each plot was measured 3m x 9m. The experimental area was laid out following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The study aimed to determine the effect of different row spacings and schedule of urea application in medium level on the yield of sweet corn. Results of the analysis showed that the average length and average circumference of corn ears in centimeter per plot per treatment both showed no significant difference as affected by different row spacings and schedule of application of urea. Results of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) on the average weight and total weight of corn ears in kg per plot per treatment showed that there was significant difference on the yield of sweet corn using row spacings. However, no significant difference on the schedule of application of urea. Thus, R2 is recommended in terms of longest husk, biggest circumference of husk, and heavier husk of corn ears. On the other hand, R1 is recommended to obtain more husk of corn ears and R5 is recommended to obtain heavier husk of corn ears.
INTERAKSIONISME SIMBOLIK ANTARA STAF HUMAS PEMERINTAH DENGAN “WARTAWAN TANPA MEDIA MASSA”
Authors: Apriliyanti
Published: September 2020

Wartawan atau insan pers yang jujur dan bersih, jumlahnya kini sangat banyak di berbagai kawasan di tanah air. Wartawan memiliki tanggung jawab moral terhadap media tempat mereka bernaung dan lebih luas lagi terhadap khalayak atau publik. Humas sebagai mitranya harus selalu siap menjawab pertanyaan dan memenuhi permintaan wartawan akan fakta-fakta penting yang berhubungan dengan kepentingan masyarakat, yang pasti sangat beraneka.

              Dalam penelitian ini, istilah yang akan digunakan untuk menyebut “wartawan” semacam ini adalah “Wartawan Tanpa Media Massa (WTMM)”. Adanya pemberian “amplop” dan uang THR bagi “WTMM” yang meliput di kantor Pemprov Jabar merupakan tanda tanya besar yang perlu segera ditindak lanjuti. Di satu sisi, organisasi kewartawanan seperti PWI berjuang keras untuk mampu memberantas keberadaan “WTMM”.
Analyse de The Rhythm of French
Authors: Renié Delphine
Published: September 2020

Cet article analyse un logiciel.
Analyse de Les technologies et l’enseignement des langues
Authors: Pothier Maguy , Rodrigues Christine
Published: September 2020

Cet article analyse un livre ou un document.
Analyse de Camille, A la recherche d'un emploi
Authors: Artus Isabelle
Published: September 2020

Cet article analyse un logiciel.
Analyse de English Assesssor
Authors: Poussard Cécile
Published: September 2020

Cet article analyse un logiciel.
Analyse du logiciel La chaise berçante
Authors: de Serres Linda
Published: September 2020

Cet article analyse un logiciel.
Présentation d'Eurocall 2003 "New Literacies in Language Learning & Teaching"
Authors: Mangenot François
Published: September 2020

Eurocall est une association européenne de chercheurs et de praticiens du domaine de l'apprentissage des langues assisté par ordinateur (Eurocall) ; cette association tient chaque année, en août-septembre, un colloque qui regroupe plusieurs centaines de participants. Cet article propose un compte-rendu du colloque qui s'est tenu à l'université de Limerick (Irlande) du 3 au 6 septembre 2003. On aborde tout d'abord le thème du colloque, on propose ensuite une synthèse des trois conférences plénières et des 166 ateliers, on approfondit enfin l'un des sous-thèmes, celui de la communication pédagogique et interculturelle à travers Internet.
Analyse de English Language Learning and Technology
Authors: Narcy-Combes Jean-Paul
Published: September 2020

Cet article analyse un livre ou un document.
Analyse de The Online Informal Learning of English
Authors: Boulton Alex , Ciekanski Maud
Published: September 2020

analyse
Analyse de Virtual Cabinet
Authors: Sockett Geoffrey
Published: September 2020

Cet article analyse un logiciel ou un site Internet.
Le monde dans Bruxelles, Bruxelles dans le monde
Authors: Hermia Jean-Pierre , Vandermotten Christian
Published: September 2020

« Le monde dans Bruxelles. Bruxelles dans le monde » est le thème de l’édition 2015 de la Nuit du Savoir sur Bruxelles, le vendredi 27 novembre au Kaaitheater. Au travers de courtes présentations et discussions, cette soirée permet de s’informer et de débattre, données scientifiques à l’appui, sur différents aspects de l’internationalisation de la Région : l’insertion dans les réseaux des services avancés, l’économie informelle, la ségrégation scolaire, la délinquance des jeunes, l’art contemporain ou encore le rôle des universités dans l’accueil des réfugiés.En prélude à ce moment d’échange et de réflexion, Brussels Studies publie, avec son numéro 94, une courte note où Jean-Pierre Hermia (Institut Bruxellois de Statistique et d’Analyse) et Christian Vandermotten (Université libre de Bruxelles) font le point sur deux éléments clefs : les caractéristiques de la présence étrangère dans la Région ainsi que la place et la spécificité de Bruxelles parmi les grandes villes du continent.
De wereld in Brussel, Brussel in de wereld
Authors: Hermia Jean-Pierre , Vandermotten Christian
Published: September 2020

“De wereld in Brussel, Brussel in de wereld” is het thema van de 2015 editie van de Nacht van de Kennis over Brussel [zie het programma], die doorgaat op 27 november in het Kaaitheater. Aan de hand van korte presentaties en debatten worden essentiële sleutels gegeven om Brussel (beter) te begrijpen, op een wetenschappelijk gefundeerde manier. Dat gebeurt aan de hand van tussenkomsten over de internationalisering van Brussel, de positie van deze kleine wereldstad in globale netwerken, de informele economie, de segregatie in het onderwijs, jeugddelinquentie, of nog de rol van universiteiten bij de opvang van de vluchtelingen...Als opstap naar dit moment van informatie-uitwisseling en reflectie, publiceert Brussels Studies een korte nota waarbij Jean-Pierre Hermia (Brussels Instituut voor Statistiek en Analyse) en Christian Vandermotten (Université Libre de Bruxelles) een stand van zaken geven voor twee essentiële elementen: de kenmerken van de buitenlandse aanwezigheid in het Gewest en de plaats en specificiteit van Brussel ten opzichte van andere grootsteden op het Europese continent.
The need for teachers in the Brussels Region by 2020
Authors: Wayens Benjamin , Delvaux Bernard , Marissal Pierre , Vermeulen Sofie , Quittelier Benoit , Janssens Rudi
Published: September 2020

In 2019-2020, the Brussels Capital Region will be home to some 24 000 more students than there were in 2013-2014, in preschool, primary and secondary education. This growth generates additional needs in infrastructure, but also in teachers. An interuniversity research team from the Université Libre de Bruxelles, the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, the Université Saint-Louis and the Université catholique de Louvain have analysed the data available so as to have a clearer view of the Brussels perspective. The IBSA/BISA Cahier No 5, summarised in a Brussels Studies Fact Sheet, lays out their estimates of the number of teachers needed in 2019-2020.
Frontières tacites. Confrontations et accords dans les favelas de Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Grillo Carolina Christoph
Published: September 2020

Ce travail analyse les discontinuités spatiales produites par les dynamiques de confrontation armée et les accords engagés entre policiers, trafiquants et voleurs dans la ville de Rio de Janeiro. Il met l’accent sur les transformations produites par l’implantation d’Unités de Police Pacificatrice (UPP). En prenant appui sur une recherche ethnographique réalisée dans des favelas contrôlées par une faction du trafic de drogues, avant, pendant et après leur occupation par la Police Militaire, il souhaite analyser les relations entre les différents acteurs de la violence urbaine et montrer quelle cartographie tacite et partagée des territoires en résulte. L’argument central est le suivant : en dépit de la reformulation de la stratégie de combat contre le marché illégal de drogues - du modèle d’opérations topiques d’incursion policière vers ladite «pacification » - , tant le contrôle social que le trafic demeurent territorialisés. Les acteurs impliqués disputent et négocient les limites spatiales imposées à la conduite d’activités illégales et à la circulation de certaines catégories de personnes. Les circonscriptions de l’action du trafic, correspondant jusque-là au périmètre des favelas et l’intérieur de ces espaces, sont devenues plus malléables, tandis que la structure des bocas de fumo – lieux de vente de drogues - semble demeurer inchangée. Face à la fragilité des nouveaux arrangements entre pouvoirs locaux, les contrôles exercés par les trafiquants sur la pratique de l’agression et du vol (assalto), semblent ainsi étendus, introduisant de nouvelles tensions au sein des dynamiques criminelles.
Une revue pour la recherche sur Bentham et l’utilitarisme
Authors: Brunon-Ernst Anne
Published: September 2020

La Revue d’études benthamiennes propose une ouverture interdisciplinaire aux études sur l’utilitarisme et sur les pensées d’expression anglophone en France. La Revue s’intéresse donc à l’utilitarisme classique et à des courants de pensée contemporains dans les domaines de l’économie, du droit et de la philosophie, encourageant ainsi l’ouverture à toutes les disciplines des sciences humaines et sociales sur des thèmes, auteurs, objets, histoire compris par le spectre de la Revue. La REB entend promouvoir et accompagner la recherche universitaire dans ces domaines et ne se réclame pas d’une lecture ou d’une interprétation en particulier.
Walter Benjamin et le jazz : une introduction
Authors: Parent Emmanuel
Published: September 2020

On part ici du constat de l’urgente nécessité de combler la béance s’étant progressivement installée entre l’esthétique philosophique et une forme d’expression majeure de la culture afro-américaine et de l’art moderne en général : le jazz. Le virulent rejet adornien de cette musique apparaît rapidement comme emblématique de la rigidité conceptuelle occidentale. On postule alors que la discussion qu’il entreprit dans les années 1930 avec son ami Walter Benjamin au sujet de « l’aura des reproductibles » est le lieu d’un dépassement possible de certains topoï de l’esthétique qui condamnent l’art à ne jamais s’écarter de la « Grande tradition » de jour en jour plus moribonde.
The Role of Health Technology in Transforming Healthcare Delivery and Enhancing Spending Efficiency ​
Authors: Almalki Ziyad S. , Simsim Duaa A.
Published: September 2020

Objectives: Advances in technology are changing the way healthcare services are delivered. The adoption of different health technologies has significantly improved health access and efficiency. In addition, health-technology adoption can help immensely in improving health outcomes and enhancing public and private healthcare spending efficiency. However, the role of health technology in transforming healthcare delivery and enhancing spending efficiency is not well understood. In this paper, we reviewed the role of emerging technologies in delivering health services that promote health outcomes, improve productivity of the healthcare provider, and reduce healthcare costs. Methods: A narrative review was conducted of published articles as well as grey literature on application of technology in delivering medical care. Studies that met the following criteria were included: addressed a relevant aspect of technology in healthcare delivery; written in English; published between 1994 and June 2020; qualitative and quantitative study designs, systematic reviews, and primary and secondary research. Main results and conclusions: Utilizing technologies in delivering health services showed promise in improving health outcomes, enhancing healthcare productivity, and reducing overall healthcare costs. However, before these technologies are implemented, reimbursement and equity are two main issues that need to be addressed.
MUNDO PÓS-COVID
Authors: Barros Filho Allan Kardec Duailibe , Carmona Ronaldo Gomes
Published: September 2020

Neste ensaio, discutimos o mundo pós pandemia e as oportunidades para o Brasil. Analisamos o efeito da Quarta Revolução Industrial (4RI) - que é um conjunto de tecnologias que têm potencial para resultar em grandes transformações em várias esferas da vida e do funcionamento da sociedade. Ao final, mostramos três cenários para o Brasil, levando em consideração a transição energética e o cenário industrial e logístico internacional.
Ecotoxic effects of Hexavalent Chromium on biochemical parameters of Lemna minor and its bioaccumulation by Lemna minor
Authors: Tewari Neetu , Vasudevan P
Published: September 2020

Untreated effluents when discharged into the environment possess potential health hazards to almost all forms of life. Many plants are being used to study the toxic effects of heavy metal pollution on plants. However, aquatic plants like Lemna minor are widely used. Their wide distribution, small size, ease of culture and rapid reproduction rates are the attributes that have led to their use as a cost-effective test model. In the present study batch experiments were conducted to study the effects of Cr (VI) and Cr (III) on biochemical content of Lemna minor. Ecotoxic effect of Cr (VI) and Cr (III) on growth, amount of total chlorophyll, total soluble starch, total free sugar, total soluble proteins and total free amino acids was studied in the present research. It was found that Cr (III) at all the concentrations did not affect any of the study parameters significantly. However, Cr (VI) at and beyond 10 mg/l significantly affected the studied parameters. Bioaccumulation of Cr (VI) and Cr (III) by Lemna minor was also investigated. Substantial Cr (VI) accumulation was detected in Lemna minor while it accumulates very low amounts of Cr (III). Aquatic plant-like Lemna bioaccumulate high amounts of Cr (VI) thus it may help in the treatment of polluted water bodies.
Orienting the superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) pedicle in a stacked SIEA-deep inferior epigastric perforator free flap configuration for unilateral tertiary breast reconstruction
Authors: Yu Ya-han , Ghorra Dina , Bojanic Christine , Aria Oti N. , MacLennan Louise , Malata Charles M.
Published: September 2020

Superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) flaps represent a useful option in autologous breast reconstruction. However, the short-fixed pedicle can limit flap inset options. We present a challenging flap inset successfully addressed by de-epithelialization, turnover, and counterintuitive rotation. A 47-year-old woman underwent left tertiary breast reconstruction with stacked free flaps using right deep inferior epigastric perforator and left SIEA vessels. Antegrade and retrograde anastomoses to the internal mammary (IM) vessels were preferred; additionally, the thoracodorsal vessels were unavailable due to previous latissimus dorsi breast reconstruction. Optimal shaping required repositioning of the lateral ends of the flaps superiorly, which would position the ipsilateral SIEA hemi-flap pedicle lateral to and out of reach of the IM vessels. This problem was overcome by turning the SIEA flap on its long axis, allowing the pedicle to sit medially with the lateral end of the flap positioned superiorly. The de-epithelialized SIEA flap dermis was in direct contact with the chest wall, enabling its fixation. This method of flap inset provides a valuable solution for medializing the SIEA pedicle while maintaining an aesthetically satisfactory orientation. This technique could be used in ipsilateral SIEA flap breast reconstructions that do not require a skin paddle, as with stacked flaps or following nipple-sparing mastectomy.
Pediatric facial reanimation: An algorithmic approach and systematic review
Authors: Deramo Paul J. , Greives Matthew R. , Nguyen Phuong D.
Published: September 2020

Facial palsy has a broad clinical presentation and the effects on psychosocial interaction and facial functions can be devastating. Pediatric facial palsy, in particular, introduces unique familial and technical considerations as anatomy, future growth potential, and patient participation influence treatment planning. Though some etiologies of pediatric facial palsy are self-limiting, congenital and long-standing facial palsies pose difficult challenges that require a combination of surgical, adjunctive, and rehabilitative techniques to achieve facial reanimation. Given the spectrum of ages and symptom severity, as well as the various surgical options available for facial palsy, a tailored approach needs to be developed for each child to restore facial balance and function. Here, we review the etiologies, workup, and treatment of pediatric facial palsy and present our novel algorithmic approach to treatment.
Intraoperative blood loss and surgical time according to the direction of maxillary movement
Authors: Kim Hyo Seong , Son Ji Hwan , Chung Jee Hyeok , Kim Kyung Sik , Choi Joon , Yang Jeong Yeol
Published: September 2020

Background Excessive bleeding is one of the most severe complications of orthognathic surgery (OGS). This study investigated the associations of intraoperative blood loss and surgical time with the direction of maxillary movement.Methods This retrospective study involved patients who underwent OGS from October 2017 to February 2020. They were classified based on whether maxillary setback was performed into groups A1 and B1, respectively. Relative blood loss (RBL, %) was used as an indicator to compare intraoperative blood loss between the two groups. The surgical time of the two groups was also measured. Subsequently, the patients were reclassified based on whether posterior impaction of the maxilla was performed into groups A2 and B2, respectively. RBL and surgical time were measured in the two groups. Simple linear and multiple regression analyses were performed. P-values <0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance.Results Eighteen patients were included. The RBL and surgical time for the groups were: A1, 13.15%±5.99% and 194.37±42.04 minutes; B1, 12.41%±1.89% and 196.50±46.07 minutes; A2, 13.94%±3.82% and 201.00±39.70 minutes; and B2, 9.61%±3.27% and 188.84±38.63 minutes, respectively. Only RBL showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (A2 and B2, P=0.04).Conclusions Unlike maxillary setback, posterior impaction of the maxilla showed a significant association with RBL during surgery. When performing posterior impaction of the maxilla, clinicians need to pay particular attention to surgery and postoperative care.
Promoting identification of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis based on label‐free plasma spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Qi‐Jie , Chen Yang , Zou Xiao‐Huan , Hu Wei , Ye Min‐Lu , Guo Qi‐Fu , Lin Xue‐Liang , Feng Shang‐Yuan , Wang Ning
Published: September 2020

Objective

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult‐onset fatal neurodegenerative disease which lacks identified biological markers. A label‐free plasma surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method was developed to explore a simple and noninvasive test for ALS.

Methods

ALS patients were enrolled serially and plasma samples were collected at the time of diagnosis prior to the start of ALS treatment. SERS spectra were recorded using a Renishaw micro‐Raman system.

Results

To exclude the interference by varying disease severity, we enrolled three groups of ALS patients, including ALS‐1 (n = 60; ALSFRS‐R ≥ 42 and time interval ≤ 12 months), ALS‐2 (n = 61; ALSFRS‐R < 42 and time interval ≤ 12 months), and ALS‐3 (n = 61; ALSFRS‐R ≥ 38 and time interval> 12 months). The SERS spectra were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA), which showed that ALS‐1, ALS‐2, ALS‐3, and control groups were separated significantly. Then, decision tree (DT) models and receiver operating characteristic curves were employed and identified that bands at 722 and 739 cm−1, and ratios of 635–722 cm−1 and 635–739 cm−1 were able to distinguish ALS from controls significantly. Finally, we highlighted six metabolism pathways correlated with ALS, including phenylalanine‐tyrosine‐tryptophan biosynthesis, aminoacyl‐tRNA biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism.

Interpretation:

Plasma SERS could be a promising tool for the detection of ALS. The bands at 722 and 739 cm−1, and the ratios of 635–722 cm−1 and 635–739 cm−1 could serve as potential indicator for ALS.
Queering reproductive justice: Memories, mistakes, and motivations to transform kinship
Authors: Silver Lauren J.
Published: September 2020

Why does a queer feminist approach to reproductive justice matter? Why might it matter for youth who build their families while navigating the surveillance of a large urban U.S. child welfare system? Why might it matter for queer transracial families like my own and for other “disruptive families”? This autoethnographic account shadows my ethnography with Black adolescent mothers and their children living under surveillance. The works stems from an obligation to shift my gaze to myself, as I follow a long reflexive tradition in feminist anthropology around exploring my vulnerabilities and changing point of view. I argue that queering reproductive justice reveals diverse forms of kinship and care networks to motivate coalition building across families. Queer Black activists and feminists have consistently offered critical insights into how to make the rallying cry of Black Lives Matter more inclusive of Black trans and cis girls and women, as well as for gender‐expansive Black people and families. As a multi‐city and global coalition erupts and demands the liberation of Black lives, the time is ripe for a queer coalition for reproductive justice.
Semi‐supervised learning induced abnormal emotional tendency analysis in British culture
Authors: Ai Qing , Zhou Ding
Published: September 2020

The abnormal emotional tendency analysis refers to the automatically detecting the minor negative sentiment from various emotions which are obtained from text, voice, image, or video. In this paper, we focus on detecting abnormal emotional tendency in English sentences on Twitter. In order to solve the issue that the text in Twitter is fragment and the associated emotions are imbalance, we extract proper features of Twitter to represent abnormal emotional tendency and input the extracted features into an improved self‐supervised reserved self‐training. Then, we optimize the termination condition by using a threshold method which is based on sentiment tendency analysis. The optimized termination condition cannot only preserve the merit that reserved self‐training can solve the imbalance emotions in Twitter corpus, but also can resist the overtraining. The experimental results show that the improved semi‐supervised reserved self‐training is effect.
2‐Amino‐3‐cyano‐4H‐chromene‐4‐ylphosphonates as potential antiviral agents: Synthesis, in ovo and in silico approach
Authors: Shaik Mahammad Sadik , Nadiveedhi Maheshwara Reddy , Gundluru Mohan , Narreddy Ananda Kumar Reddy , Thathireddy Krishna Reddy , Ramakrishna Ranjani , Cirandur Suresh Reddy
Published: September 2020

A simplistic synthetic procedure for the synthesis of structurally diversified 2‐amino‐3‐cyano‐4H‐chromene‐4‐ylphosphonates (4a‐j) were developed by the treatment of substituted salicylaldehydes, malononitrile, and dialkyl phosphite in presence of Cu(OAc)2 catalyst at room temperature and neat conditions. The synthesized compounds were tested for their antiviral assay. Among all, the compounds 4a, 4d and 4h have shown good in ovo antiviral activity against New castle disease virus (NDV) at a concentration of 150 μg/mL. The remarkable reduction in NDV virus population in embryos treated with title compounds (4a‐j) in a dose dependent manner, indicated that the synthesized compounds are extreme by toxic to the NDV virus. The title compounds were also docked against hemagglutinin neuraminidase enzyme and the more bioactive compound 4a showed highest docking score than the standard antiviral drug taribavirin while the compounds 4d and 4h has the same docking score as that of the standard.
Subsidy design in a vessel speed reduction incentive program under government policies
Authors: Zhuge Dan , Wang Shuaian , Zhen Lu , Laporte Gilbert
Published: September 2020

As a green port and shipping‐related policy, the vessel speed reduction incentive program (VSRIP) involves using a subsidy to induce ships to reduce their speed in a port area so that the emissions can be reduced at the port. However, this program may attract new ships to visit the port because of the subsidy; in this case, the port's profit will grow due to more ship visits, but its total emissions may also increase, which is counter to the original intention of the subsidy. The government could then intervene by providing part of the subsidy for the VSRIP or by collecting air emission taxes for the increased emission at the port. This paper studies how to design suitable subsidies for ships participating in a VSRIP. Two bilevel subsidy design models are formulated based on a Stackelberg game to maximize the port's profit (related to the profits from original and new ships, the subsidy provided by the port, and air emission taxes) and to minimize the government's cost (related to the damage cost of air emissions, the subsidy provided by the government, and air emission taxes). We determine which policy (including a sharing subsidy policy, no government intervention, and an air emission tax policy) should be implemented by the government in different cases and how much subsidy should be provided by the port under each government policy. We find that these decisions are affected by several practical factors, such as the damage cost of air emissions per ton of fuel and the subsidy sensitivities of original and new ships. We also outline several meaningful insights based on the analysis of these practical factors.
Psychological impact of COVID‐19 on hospital workers in nursing care hospitals
Authors: Yang Seoyon , Kwak Sang Gyu , Chang Min Cheol
Published: September 2020

Aim

This study aimed to explore coronavirus disease‐related psychological stress in hospital workers in nursing care hospitals during the coronavirus disease epidemic.

Design

Cross‐sectional observational study.

Methods

A questionnaire survey was administered to hospital workers at three nursing care hospitals.

Results

Fifty‐four workers at three nursing care hospitals (9, 29 and 16 works) responded to our survey. Twenty‐four workers (50%) scored ≥5 on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, indicating the presence of anxiety. For the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, six employees (11.1%) scored ≥10 scores, indicating the presence of depression. Workers who lived with other people with chronic underlying diseases showed significantly higher incidence of the presence of anxiety and depression. In binary logistic regression analysis, when living with persons with chronic underlying diseases, the risk of the presence of depression increased. Also, there was a higher incidence of depression in occupational therapists compared with physical therapists and nurses.
Stabilization of the [cyclo‐N5]− anion by Lewis acid‐base interactions
Authors: Wang Peng , Wu Panpan , Wang Kun , Cheng Longjiu
Published: September 2020

It is an attractive problem to stabilize cyclopentazolate anion [cyclo‐N5]− due to its promising application in the field of high‐energy density materials. The instability of [cyclo‐N5]− is caused by the repulsion of the neighbored lone pairs of electrons localized on N atoms. In this study, two anions of [N5(BH3)5]− and [N5(AgCN)5]− have been designed to reduce the intramolecular repulsion. [N5(H2O)5]− is designed to evaluate the effect of intramolecular hydrogen bond on the stabilization. For all the structures, we apply density functional theory and the Car‐Parrinello molecular dynamics method to study the bonding properties and thermal stabilities. Based on the results, we confirm that the individual [cyclo‐N5]− anion can be effectively stabilized through coordination with acidic ligands rather than the hydrogen bond, which will provide a new method to synthesize full‐nitrogen compounds.
More serious autophagy can be induced by ZnO nanoparticles than single‐walled carbon nanotubes in rat tracheal epithelial cells
Authors: Zhang Hangjun , Chen Feifei , Li Yan , Shan Xiaodong , Yin Lu , Hao Xiaojing , Zhong Yuchi
Published: September 2020

Metal oxide nanoparticles and carbon nanoparticles, as common nanoparticles (NPs), can cause autophagy in certain cells, which will lead to biohealth risk issues. This study determined the difference in autophagy induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in respiratory epithelial cells. ICP‐OES results showed that NPs uptake as well as the intercellular contents of particles affected cytotoxicity in a dose‐dependent manner. ZnO NPs‐30 nm had a distinct green dot structure representing autophagy, the SWCNTs exposure group had a few green light spots at a concentration of 10 μg/L. The ROS content of the ZnO NP‐30 nm exposure group had the greatest increase at a concentration of 1000 μg/L, which was 2.5 times higher than that of the control, the SWCNTs exposure group showed a 2.2‐fold increase. A slight downregulation of p‐mTOR was detected, and the ZnO NPs‐30 nm treatment group had the significant downregulation rate. The gene and protein expression levels of Beclin‐1 and LC3B were upregulated as the exposure concentration increased. The protein expression of Beclin‐1 and LC3B in the 1000 μg/L ZnO NPs‐30 nm exposure group were 5.21 times and 4.12 times that of the control, respectively. The mRNA expression of Beclin‐1 and LC3B in the 1000 μg/L ZnO NPs‐30 nm exposure group were 5.04 times and 3.61 times that of the control, respectively. At any concentration, the effect of ZnO NPs‐30 nm was greater than that of the SWCNTs. Interaction and crosstalk analysis showed that exposure to ZnO NPs‐30 nm caused autophagy through the aggregation of undegraded autophagosomes, whereas SWCNTs exposure induced diminished intercellular oxidative stress to inhibit autophagy. Therefore, this study demonstrated that the effects of autophagy induced by ZnO NPs‐30 nm and SWCNTs were different. The health risks of ZnO‐30 nm NPs are higher than those of SWCNTs.
Uncertainty analysis in internal dose calculations for cerium considering the uncertainties of biokinetic parameters and S values
Authors: Spielmann Vladimir , Li Wei Bo , Zankl Maria , Ramos Juan Camilo Ocampo , Petoussi-Henss Nina
Published: September 2020

Radioactive cerium and other lanthanides can be transported through the aquatic system into foodstuffs and then be incorporated by humans. Information on the uncertainty of reported dose coefficients for exposed members of the public is then needed for risk analysis. In this study, uncertainties of dose coefficients due to the ingestion of the radionuclides141Ce and144Ce were estimated. According to the schema of internal dose calculation, a general statistical method based on the propagation of uncertainty was developed. The method takes into account the uncertainties contributed by the biokinetic models and by the so-calledSvalues. These S-values were derived by using Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations with five adult non-reference voxel computational phantoms that have been developed at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany. Random and Latin hypercube sampling techniques were applied to sample parameters of biokinetic models and S values. The uncertainty factors, expressed as the square root of the 97.5th and 2.5th percentile ratios, for organ equivalent dose coefficients of141Ce were found to be in the range of 1.2–5.1 and for144Ce in the range of 1.2–7.4. The uncertainty factor of the detriment-weighted dose coefficient for141Ce is 2.5 and for144Ce 3.9. It is concluded that a general statistical method for calculating the uncertainty of dose coefficients was developed and applied to the lanthanide cerium. The dose uncertainties obtained provide improved dose coefficients for radiation risk analysis of humans. Furthermore, these uncertainties can be used to identify those parameters most important in internal dose calculations by applying sensitivity analyses.
Maximal metric surfaces and the Sobolev-to-Lipschitz property
Authors: Creutz Paul , Soultanis Elefterios
Published: September 2020

We find maximal representatives within equivalence classes of metric spheres. For Ahlfors regular spheres these are uniquely characterized by satisfying the seemingly unrelated notions of Sobolev-to-Lipschitz property, or volume rigidity. We also apply our construction to solutions of the Plateau problem in metric spaces and obtain a variant of the associated intrinsic disc studied by Lytchak–Wenger, which satisfies a related maximality condition.
A novel negevirus isolated from Aedes vexans mosquitoes in Finland
Authors: Suvanto Maija T. , Truong Nguyen Phuoc , Uusitalo Ruut , Korhonen Essi M. , Faolotto Giulia , Vapalahti Olli , Huhtamo Eili , Smura Teemu
Published: September 2020

Negeviruses are insect-specific enveloped RNA viruses that have been detected in mosquitoes and sandflies from various geographical locations. Here, we describe a new negevirus from Northern Europe, isolated from pool of Aedes vexans mosquitoes collected in Finland, designated as Mekrijärvi negevirus (MEJNV). MEJNV had a typical negevirus genome organization, is 9,740 nucleotides in length, and has a GC content of 47.53%. The MEJNV genome contains three ORFs, each containing the following identified conserved domains: ORF1 (7,068 nt) encodes a viral methyltransferase, an FtsJ-like methyltransferase, a viral RNA helicase, and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, ORF2 (1,242 nt) encodes a putative virion glycoprotein, and ORF3 (660 nt) encodes a putative virion membrane protein. A distinctive feature relative to other currently known negeviruses is a 7-nucleotide-long overlap between ORF1 and ORF2. MEJNV shares the highest sequence identity with Ying Kou virus from China, with 67.71% nucleotide and 75.19% and 59.00% amino acid sequence identity in ORF 1 and ORF 2, respectively. ORF3 had the highest amino acid sequence similarity to Daeseongdong virus 1 and negevirus Nona 1, both with 77.61% identity, and to Ying Kou virus, with 71.22% identity. MEJNV is currently the northernmost negevirus described. Our report supports the view that negeviruses are a globally distributed, diverse group of viruses that can be found from mosquitoes in a wide range of terrestrial biomes from tropical to boreal forests.
Multi-scale verification of distributed synchronisation
Authors: Gainer Paul , Linker Sven , Dixon Clare , Hustadt Ullrich , Fisher Michael
Published: September 2020

Algorithms for the synchronisation of clocks across networks are both common and important within distributed systems. We here address not only the formal modelling of these algorithms, but also the formal verification of their behaviour. Of particular importance is the strong link between the very different levels of abstraction at which the algorithms may be verified. Our contribution is primarily the formalisation of this connection between individual models and population-based models, and the subsequent verification that is then possible. While the technique is applicable across a range of synchronisation algorithms, we particularly focus on the synchronisation of (biologically-inspired) pulse-coupled oscillators, a widely used approach in practical distributed systems. For this application domain, different levels of abstraction are crucial: models based on the behaviour of an individual process are able to capture the details of distinguished nodes in possibly heterogenous networks, where each node may exhibit different behaviour. On the other hand, collective models assume homogeneous sets of processes, and allow the behaviour of the network to be analysed at the global level. System-wide parameters may be easily adjusted, for example environmental factors inhibiting the reliability of the shared communication medium. This work provides a formal bridge across the “abstraction gap” separating the individual models and the population-based models for this important class of synchronisation algorithms.
Carboxylic acid recovery from Fischer–Tropsch aqueous product by fractional freezing
Authors: Ahad Nuvaid , de Klerk Arno
Published: September 2020

About half of the product from iron-based high-temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis is an aqueous product containing dissolved oxygenates. Volatile oxygenates can be recovered by distillation, but the bulk of the carboxylic acids remain in the water, which is called acid water. Fractional freezing was explored as a process for producing a more concentrated carboxylic acid solution from which the carboxylic acids could be recovered as petrochemical products, while concomitantly producing a cleaner wastewater. Solid–liquid equilibrium data were collected for aqueous solutions of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. A synthetic Fischer–Tropsch acid water mixture (0.70 wt% acetic acid, 0.15 wt% propionic acid, and 0.15 wt% butyric acid) was prepared and the liquid phase concentrations of the acid species at solid–liquid equilibrium were determined. Control experiments with material balance closure on each of the carboxylic acid species were performed at selected conditions. Having more than one carboxylic acid species present in the mixture meaningfully changed the solid–liquid equilibrium versus temperature of the system. The carboxylic acids partitioned between the solid phase and the liquid phase and a practical design would require multiple duty-controlled solid–liquid equilibrium stages, with most of the separation taking place in the temperature range 0 to − 5 °C.
Physico-chemical analysis of Commiphora wightii and borax coated herbal seton
Authors: V.S Sreelekshmi , P.N Rajeshwari , Tripathy Rabinarayan
Published: September 2020

Background Herbal seton (Kṣārasūtra) is a cost effective para-surgical technique employed in the management of anorectal conditions like fistula and hemorrhoids without causing much complications. Perennial non-availability raw materials, severe pain and allergic reactions are the major demerits of standard Kṣārasūtra demanding for its better options. Guggulu (Commiphora wightii) and Tankana (Borax) coated Kṣārasūtra (GTK) a modified variant of the standard is being used in the Anorectal Clinic under the Department of Shalyatantra (Surgery), Amrita School of Ayurveda since last 6 years. It has been observed for good patient tolerance, cutting and healing properties.

Methods The physico-chemical evaluation of GTK was conducted in the Quality Control (QC) lab of Amrita School of Ayurveda. The parameters assessed were length, weight, thickness, tensile strength, loss on drying, water soluble extractive, sulphated ash, pH and macroscopic appearance following the methodology elaborated in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API). Those were compared with the corresponding values of standard Kṣārasūtra prescribed by Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR).

Results The final results on each parameters were length – 39.44 cm, weight – 0.19934 g, thickness – 0.7147 mm, tensile strength – not less than 6.25 kg, loss on drying – 18.73%, water soluble extractive – 39.79%, sulphated ash – 12.89%, pH – 7.94 and macroscopic appearance – blackish brown.

Conclusion GTK was found less alkaline, higher in tensile strength, more in moisture content and less brittle in nature suggesting it as a safe choice in anorectal practice compared to the ICMR standard.