bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Handling Money: Credit Use
Authors: Harrison Mary N.
Published: August 2021

Credit is one of the most important resources available to you. Used wisely, credit will enable you to have a good quality of life. Misused, it will destroy your quality of life. Unfortunately many people do not know how to shop for and use credit wisely. This document is FCS5235-02, one of a series of the Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date: May 2002. Revised: December 2005.
Handling Money: Renter's Insurance
Authors: Harrison Mary N.
Published: August 2021

Everyone renting an apartment or a house should have renter's insurance. It will protect you against losses from disasters such as hurricanes and fire. This document is FCS5235-03, one of a series of the Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date: May 2002. Revised: December 2005.
Insect Management for Cucurbits (Cucumber, Squash, Cantaloupe, and Watermelon)
Authors: Webb Susan E.
Published: August 2021

Insects and mites can cause severe problems in the production of watermelon, squash, cucumber, and cantaloupe either through direct damage to the crop or through transmission of disease agents, such as the aphid-borne mosaic viruses. Common pests of cucurbits are described in this document. The importance of a particular insect will vary by region and by crop. This document is ENY-460, one of a series of the Entomology and Nematology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date August 2001. Revised September 2006.
ENY-460/IN168: Insect Management for Cucurbits (Cucumber, Squash, Cantaloupe, and Watermelon) (ufl.edu)
Barn Owl (Tyto alba)
Authors: Martin Jason M. , Raid Richard N. , Branch Lyn C.
Published: August 2021

Barn owls, members of the family Tytonidae, are unmistakable nocturnal birds of prey. Their ghostly appearance and blood-curdling shriek have led to their incorporation into folklore and myth and have earned these birds a variety of nicknames, including "ghost owl" and "monkey-faced owl." Thirty-six subspecies have been identified worldwide. The subspecies that lives in North America is called Tyto alba pratincola. This document is WEC 185, one of a series of the Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date September 2005. 
WEC 185/UW216: Barn Owl (Tyto alba) (ufl.edu)
Emergency Snakebite Action Plan
Authors: Johnson Steve A. , Main Martin B.
Published: August 2021

In the unfortunate event that a child is bitten at school by a venomous snake, teachers and administrators should be prepared. We encourage schools to develop a plan of action and immediately initiate the plan if necessary. This document is WEC 200, one of a 4-part series of the Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Department entitled Dealing with Venomous Snakes in Florida School Yards, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date September 2005. 
WEC 200/UW226: Emergency Snakebite Action Plan (ufl.edu)
EVALUATION OF DIABETES RELATED DISTRESS AND ITS PREVELANCE IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Singh Bhanu Pratap , Singh Abhimanyu
Published: August 2021

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the most challenging public health problems in 21st century. Aims at examining the diabetes related distress among adults living with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: We conducted a study in Mahatma Gandhi Medical College on 150 patients who were known cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus, to screen and account for diabetes related distress according to the DDS 17 scale. 

Results: In our study, 72.00% diabetic patients had no distress, 26.00% patients had moderate distress and only 2.00% patients high distress. ‘

Conclusion: We concluded that prevalence of diabetes related distress in our study was less.

Keywords: DM, Diabetes related distress, Prevalence.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SERUM CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, URIC ACID AND GLUCOSE IN PREECLAMPSIA AND NORMAL PREGNANT WOMEN OF MALWA REGION OF MADHYA PRADESH
Authors: Jain Darshna , Kulmi Mohit , Paliwal Prachi , Paliwal Manoj Narayan
Published: August 2021

Background: Comparative study of serum calcium, magnesium, uric acid and glucose in preeclampsia and normal pregnant women of malwa region of Madhya pradesh

Methods: For the Study, a total of 100 women ranging in age from 18-35 years were recruited. They were divided in two groups. 50 were pre-eclamptic women with gestational age of ?20 weeks (Case group) and rest 50 were normal pregnant women of same gestational age (Control group).The levels of magnesium, calcium, glucose, and uric acid in the blood were measured.

Result: Serum calcium and magnesium levels were significantly lower (p<0.001) in the pre-eclamptic group, whereas serum uric acid levels were significantly higher (p0<001) in preeclamptic group. The level of serum glucose was raised in preeclampsia.

Conclusion: serum levels of calcium, magnesium, uric acid and glucose are altered in pre-eclampsia, implying that these factors may play a role in the aetiology and severity of pre-eclampsia.so assessing the serum level of this parameters will aid in the early detection of pre-eclampsia.

Keywords: Calcium, Magnesium, Uric acid, Glucose, Pre-eclampsia, Pregnancy
Napoleón y la independencia de las américas
Authors: Turrel Marc
Published: August 2021

La independencia de los países de América latina es un evento que se inscribe en la evolución del mundo occidental según unos, del espacio atlántico escriben otros, y en un periodo delimitado entre los años 1776 y 1868, es decir entre la rebelión por la independencia de las colonias británicas de América del norte y la unificación de Italia poco después de Alemania en la segunda parte del XIX. Publicamos una carta que integra la emancipación en el conflicto entre la Francia napoleónica y la corona británica, una carta de Napoleón tomando claramente posición a favor de la primera. Geopolítica, estrategia, búsqueda de apoyos o de nuevos territorios de influencia y/o deseo de liberalización política: todas estas explicaciones se mezclan probablemente en este documento poco conocido que vale la pena recordar y explicar. Haremos también referencia a tres otros documentos que participan del papel jugado por el mundo napoleónico en el proceso de independencia.
Historia del daguerrotipo y de su viaje hacia Chile
Authors: Larget Hugo
Published: August 2021

El presente artículo se interesa a la invención conocida como siendo la primera cámara fotográfica inventada, además de la primera comercializada, interesándose en el rol de sus inventores y en la difusión de su invención, conocida como “daguerréotype” o daguerrotipo. Así, estudiando los documentos y elementos de literatura que acompañaron la construcción de la cámara fotográfica, estudiando el rol que tuvieron estos últimos en la difusión del daguerrotipo, se mostrará como la invención ha sido capaz de conquistar el público, y ser difundida largamente a través del mundo, dentro de una misma década. Acercándose a los pioneros de la fotografía, se aborda más específicamente el viaje que efectuó el daguerrotipo para llegar al continente Sur Americano por primera vez, a través de la expedición del buque escuela “L’Oriental-Hydrographe”, y, en un segundo tiempo, como la daguerrotipia se ha instalado en Chile en sus primeras horas.
БАЗИ ДАНИХ РИНКОВИХ ЦІН НА МАТЕРІАЛЬНО-ТЕХНІЧНІ РЕСУРСИ В СИСТЕМАХ УПРАВЛІННЯ ВАРТІСТЮ БУДІВНИЦТВА
Authors: Січний Сергій
Published: August 2021

У статті розглянуто вимоги вітчизняних нормативних документів щодо аналізу цін на будівельні матеріально-технічні ресурси (МТР), підходи сучасної економічної теорії до визначення ринкової ціни та досвід формування баз ринкових цін будівельних ресурсів в різних країнах. Запропоновано для достовірного визначення поточної ринкової ціни МТР використовувати систему спостереження за ринковими цінами (ССРЦ). Розглянуто її місце в організаційній структурі учасників будівельного процесу та можливості практичного застосування ССРЦ та її елементів на будівельному ринку. В тому числі для формування оперативної інформації про ціни у будівництві для 5D та 4D BIM-моделі та в сучасних системах управління витратами або проектування вартості, проектування цінності, управління проектами, управління якістю. Наведено перелік завдань, які має вирішувати ССРЦ, схему та алгоритм її роботи. Основне завдання – визначення поточної ринкової ціни ресурсів за встановленими правилами з заданою точністю (похибкою) в обмежених часових та/чи фінансових рамках. Приведено можливі сценарії заповнення початкового переліку МТР в базі ринкових цін.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗШИРЕННЯ ФІСКАЛЬНОГО ПРОСТОРУ МІСЦЕВОГО САМОВРЯДУВАННЯ
Authors: Александрова Марія , Довгалюк Віта
Published: August 2021

Стаття присвячена дослідженню особливостей формування фіскального простору місцевого самоврядування, зокрема дослідженню організаційно-економічного забезпечення формування фіскальних повноважень та відповідальності об’єднаних територіальних громад в Україні та дохідної спроможності системи місцевих податків і зборів. Визначено, що основою для формування фіскального простору місцевого самоврядування є вирішення завдань забезпечення їх самостійності через реалізацію реформаторських заходів з розширення фіскального простору на місцевому рівні, підвищення рівня податкового наповнення до місцевого бюджету, підвищення фінансового потенціалу в цілому. Обмеження обсягів фінансового забезпечення місцевого самоврядування активізує впровадження нових заходів щодо розвитку різних сегментів фіскального простору фінансової бази) місцевого самоврядування. Необхідність розширення поточних і перспективних можливостей для збільшення обсягів фінансування територіального розвитку вимагає від органів самоврядування реалізації на місцевому рівні активної фіскальної політики, пріоритетом якої має виступати належне та повноцінне виконання завдань щодо забезпечення стабільності життєдіяльності та підвищення якості життя мешканців певної території.
Validity of a theoretical model to examine blood oxygenation dependent optoacoustics
Authors: Kolios Michael C. , Saha Ratan K. , Karmakar Subhajit , Hysi Eno , Roy Madhusudan
Published: August 2021

A theoretical model investigating the dependence of optoacoustic (OA) signal on blood oxygen saturation (SO2) is discussed. The derivations for the nonbandlimited and bandlimited OA signals from many red blood cells (RBCs) are presented. The OA field generated by many RBCs was obtained by summing the OA field emitted by each RBC approximated as a fluid sphere. A Monte Carlo technique was employed generating the spatial
organizations of RBCs in two-dimensional. The RBCs were assumed to have the same SO2 level in a simulated configuration. The fractional number of oxyhemoglobin molecules, confined in a cell, determined the cellular SO2 and also defined the blood SO2. For the nonbandlimited case, the OA signal amplitude decreased and increased linearly with blood SO2 when illuminated by 700 and 1000 nm radiations, respectively. The power spectra exhibited similar trends over the entire frequency range (MHz to GHz). For the bandlimited case, three acoustic receivers with 2, 10, and 50 MHz as the center frequencies were considered. The linear variations of the OA amplitude with blood SO2 were also observed for each receiver at those laser sources. The good agreement between simulated and published experimental results validates the model qualitatively.
Color star tracking II: matching
Authors: McVittie Geoffrey R. , Enright John
Published: August 2021

A novel matching algorithm is presented that can identify stars using raw images of the sky obtained from a CMOS color filter array detector. The algorithm combines geometric information with amplitude ratios calculated from the red, green, and blue color color channels. Conventional algorithms that match stars based solely on inter-star geometry (and sometimes relative brightness), typically require three or more stars for a confident star match. In contrast, the presented algorithms are able to find matches with only two imaged stars in most regions of the sky. The necessary catalog preparation and a simple star-pair matching algorithm based on combined color intensity ratios and the angular spacing are discussed. Results from a large set of simulation trials and initial results from sensor field testing are presented.
Copyright 2013 Society of Photo‑Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this publication for a fee or for commercial purposes, and modification of the contents of the publication are prohibited.
A STUDY OF INTESTINAL HELMINTHS OF SWINE FROM CHIKUN AND JEMA’A LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Nwokoye Chibuzor , Onusiriuka Benjamin , Yahaya Umar , Dikwa Karderam Bukar
Published: August 2021

A study was conducted between May and August, 2018 to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminths of pigs in Chikun and Jema’a Local Government Areas, Kaduna State. 203 faecal samples were collected, processed and examined under light microscopy. Intestinal helminths recorded were: Ascaris suum (57.1%), Oesophagostomum dentatum (37.0%), Hyostrongylus rubidus (14.8%), Metastrongylus elongates (8.9%), Strongyloides (4.5%), Stepanurus dentatum (2.5%), Trichuris suis(1.5%), Globocephalus urobuslatus (2.0%) and Physocephalus sexalatus (1.5%). The overall prevalence of helminth infection in both LGAs was 71.9%. Pigs in Jema’a LGA had significantly higher prevalence (87.9%) than pigs from Chikun LGA (56.7%). Female pigs had relatively higher (74.4%) infection than male pigs (68.6%). This pattern was also reflected in Chikun LGA where female pigs had a prevalence of 63.9% compared to 46.5% in males, however, the reverse was the case in Jema’a LGA where males had 90.7% prevalence and females 85.7%. In Chikun LGA, the highest prevalence of 58.6% was recorded among pigs aged 25-36 months, followed by pigs aged 5-12 months with prevalence of 57.1%, and the least prevalence of 55.0% was recorded in pigs aged 13-24 months. The prevalence of intestinal helminthosis in pigs tends to decrease with age in Jema’a LGA. The presence of these parasites in pigs examined indicates a potential public health problem in Chikun and Jema’a Local Government Areas of Kaduna state. Enlightenment of pig farmers on the need for periodic veterinary care and restriction of stray pigs through legislation formulation and enforcement are recommended as control measures
Climate Change, the Arctic and I
Authors: Binachon Martin
Published: August 2021

This article uses the constructivist political theory to explain individual, state and non-state actors’ relationships with a warming Arctic. At the individual level, constructivism explains why the author studies the Arctic, even though there is no apparent, rational interest to do so. At the State level, constructivism can explain the different behaviours adopted by the States towards the fast-warming Arctic, which constantly adapt to specific social context and norms. Finally, constructivism thus highlights that non-State actors play a substantial role in international relations, because they influence social norms and meanings.
Geopolitics, Indigenous Peoples, and the Polar Thaw: Sub- and Transnational Fault Lines of the Coming Arctic Cold War
Authors: Zellen Barry
Published: August 2021

This article examines the current geopolitical transformation of the Arctic region in response to the interplay of rising great power competition (GPC), the institutional empowerment of Arctic indigenous peoples in domestic and international governing bodies, and the continued polar thaw – issues traditionally discussed separately or in pairs, but not generally all together. It applies classical geopolitical theory to the warming Arctic, finding that the fundamental relationships of Heartland to Rimland, and the isolating buffer of what Mackinder called Lenaland, are in a state of flux, and the once-isolated island chains that dominate the physical geography of the circumpolar Arctic are gaining increasing salience to global security, and must not be overlooked. It examines the political geography of the Arctic and the fundamental importance of its indigenous human terrain, where a future Cold War will either be won or lost.
IMPROVING HIGH-SCHOOL STUDENTS’ CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING AND FUNCTIONALIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT DIGESTION THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF THE INTERDISCIPLINARY TEACHING APPROACH
Authors: Putica Katarina B. , Trivić Dragica D.
Published: August 2021

Adolescents are considered as a nutritionally vulnerable subgroup because of their alimentary behaviours. Considering that alimentary habits are strongly influenced by knowledge about digestion, an experiment was conducted with aim to determine whether conceptual understanding and functionalization of this knowledge can be improved by the interdisciplinary teaching approach. The experiment encompassed 258 students attending the fourth year of high school. No statistically significant difference in the level of the previously acquired chemistry, biology and physics knowledge concerning digestion between the two groups was determined on the pre-test. Conversely, the students in the experimental group significantly outperformed those in the control group on the post-test that required a deep understanding and the application of knowledge about digestion in solving real-life problems. Therefore, it was concluded that high- school teachers can be advised to apply the interdisciplinary teaching approach in order to improve their students' knowledge about this process. Key words: conceptual understanding, process of digestion, functionalization of acquired knowledge, interdisciplinary teaching approach.
ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTIONS OF COMMON SALT HYDROLYSIS AMONG UPPER-SECONDARY-SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Orwat Kinga , Bernard Paweł , Migdał-Mikuli Anna
Published: August 2021

Reactions in aqueous solutions are an important part of chemistry education. As experience shows, they are particularly difficult for students to understand. Hydrolysis is one such reaction. It occurs in organic and inorganic compounds with either covalent and ionic structures, but salt hydrolysis is a special example. Salt hydrolysis is complex, and to understand it, students must consider the reaction equilibrium, dissociation process, and acid-base properties of reactants and products. Additionally, in the upper-secondary-school curriculum, hydrolysis is described only qualitatively, which can lead students to misinterpret hydrolysis and solution equilibrium. In this study, 235 upper-secondary-school students answered questions about the acidity of common salt solutions and tried to justify their responses by writing appropriate chemical equations. An analysis of the answers revealed the students’ alternative conceptions and misconceptions. The character of the misconceptions showed that they are school-based and largely caused by excessive simplification of the process as well as the usage of inappropriate analogies. Key words: salt hydrolysis, acids and bases, alternative and misconceptions, chemical education research.
Clinical Reliability of IOL Master 700 in Measurement of Pupil Diameter and Corneal Curvature
Authors: Ryu Hee Kyung , Shin Sun Young
Published: August 2021

Purpose: To compare IOL Master 700 with autokeratometer and video pupillometer in measurement of pupil diameter and corneal curvature.Methods: Pupil diameter were measured with IOL Master 700 and video pupilometer, horizontal keratometry and vertical keratometry were measured with IOL Master 700 and autokeratometer in 100 eyes of 50 children. Paired t-test and Pearson's correlation analysis were used to compare the differences among the devices. Agreement between measurement was analyzed using Bland Altman plot and intraclass correlation coefficient.Results: Comparing IOL Master 700 and video pupilometer for pupil diameter, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05). There was also no significant difference between IOL Master 700 and autokeratometer in measurement of vertical keratometry (p > 0.05). However, regarding horizontal keratometry there was significant difference between IOL Master 700 and autokeratometer, horizontal keratometry measured with IOL Master 700 was steeper than with auto keratometer, +0.105 diopters (D) in right eye and +0.130 D in left eye (p < 0.05).Conclusions: There was good agreement between IOL Master 700 and comparator instruments in regards to pupil diameter and corneal curvature. IOL Master 700 can be helpful in uncooperative children for measuring pupil diameter and corneal curvature at the same time.
Outcomes after Cataract Surgery in High Myopes with Axial Length Differences of ≥2 mm
Authors: Lee Yeon Jeong , Yoo Yung-Ju , Han Sang Beom
Published: August 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the visual outcome after cataract operations in high myopia patients, whose axial length differences are longer than 2 mm.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients who had received phacoemulsification cataract surgery from January 2014 to June 2020. The patients whose axial lengths and inter-eye axial lengths exceeded 26 and 2 mm, respectively, were selected. Demographic data, axial lengths, central subfield macular thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer, and best-corrected visual acuities (BCVAs) before and at 6 months postoperatively were collected. The factors related to visual outcome were analyzed using univariate, multivariate linear regression.Results: Twelve patients had an inter-eye axial length difference longer than 2 mm. The average axial lengths of longer and shorter eyes were 29.17 ± 1.94 and 26.66 ± 2.51 mm, respectively (p = 0.02, Mann-Whitney U-test). The BCVAs (logarithm of minimal angle of resolution, logMAR) of the longer and shorter eyes before the surgery were 1.09 ± 0.62 and 0.19 ± 0.16, respectively (p = 0.03, Mann-Whitney U-test). The BCVAs (logMAR) of the longer and shorter eyes 6 months after surgery were 0.19 ± 0.16 and 0.08 ± 0.10, respectively (p = 0.11, Mann-Whitney U-test). In univariate linear regression analysis, the BCVAs 6 months after the surgery showed better preoperative BCVAs (p < 0.001) and a thinner central subfield macular thickness (p = 0.001). In multivariate linear regression analysis, the BCVA at 6 months after the surgery showed significant improvement compared with preoperative BCVA values (p < 0.001).Conclusions: High myopia patients whose axial length differences exceeded 2 mm showed improved VA after cataract surgery.
Characteristics of Visual Field Defects in Korean Advanced Glaucoma
Authors: Jin Hyung Nam , Kang Yeon Soo , Sung Mi Sun , Park Sang Woo
Published: August 2021

Purpose: We investigated the clinical characteristics of visual field (VF) defects in Korean advanced glaucoma patients.Methods: The present study included 109 eyes of 109 advanced glaucoma patients whose mean deviation (MD) is under -12 dB. The subjects were classified into primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG) group. Average numeric decibel in each VF points were visualized with color topographic image and dot graph image using python 3.5. VF was divided into four quadrants or two half fields, and the differences in the degree of VF defects in each locations were assessed with raw decibel data. Additionally, mean sensitivity of central 12 points were compared between the two groups.Results: Generally the features of VF defects were severely depressed VF sensitivity at the superonasal quadrant and relatively preserved central area and inferotemporal quadrant in both of the glaucoma groups. But we found the extent of deflection for VF defect in the NTG eyes was higher than that of the POAG eyes (p < 0.05). The POAG eyes tended to show more diffuse and evenly distributed VF defect, whereas NTG eyes tended to have more severely depressed VF at the superonasal quadrant and relatively preserved VF at the inferotemporal quadrant. There was no significant difference in the degree of central VF defects between the two groups.Conclusions: The characteristics of VF defect in Korean advanced glaucoma revealed different features based on the glaucoma diagnosis. The POAG eyes tended to show diffuse VF defects, whereas NTG eyes tended to have more severely depressed VF sensitivity at the superonasal quadrant and relatively preserved VF at the inferotemporal quadrant.
Two Cases of Corneal Neovascularization Treatment Using High-frequency Radio Wave Electrosurgery
Authors: Choi Young Joo , Han Gyu Le , Chung Tae Young , Lim Dong Hui
Published: August 2021

Purpose: To report two cases of treatment using high-frequency radio wave electrosurgery for corneal neovascularization that recurred after medication and laser photocoagulation attempts.Case summary: (Case 1) A 53-year-old man visited our hospital complaining of corneal opacity. The best-corrected visual acuity in the left eye was 0.6. Lipid keratopathy indicated new inferior vessels. There was no significant change in corneal opacity after medication and laser photocoagulation; however, the recurrence of feeder vessels was observed. Therefore, electrocautery was performed via high-frequency radio wave electrosurgery. Visual acuity, measured 1 month later, improved to 0.9. Over the subsequent 4-year observation period, new vessels did not recur and the corneal opacity decreased gradually. (Case 2) A 23-year-old woman visited complaining of left eye pain. She had undergone laser photocoagulation three times for corneal new vessels. Visual acuity in her left eye was 0.4. Recurrence of new vessels at the upper cornea was observed, and electrocautery was performed. After 2 months, corneal opacity decreased without revascularization, and visual acuity improved to 0.5.Conclusions: In patients with corneal neovascularization, electrocautery using high-frequency radio wave electrosurgery is simple and effective and can reduce corneal opacity and improve vision without complications.
No difference in learning outcomes and usability between using controllers and hand tracking during a virtual reality endotracheal intubation training for medical students in Thailand
Authors: Khundam Chaowanan , Sukkriang Naparat , Noël Frédéric
Published: August 2021

Purpose: We developed a virtual reality (VR) endotracheal intubation training that applied 2 interaction modalities (hand-tracking or controllersIt aimed to investigatedthe differences of usuability between using hand tracking and controllers during the VR intervention for intubation training for medical students from February 2021 to March 2021 in Thailand.Methods: Forty-five participants were divided into 3 groups: video only, video with VR controller training, and video with VR hand tracking training. Pre-test, post-test, and practice scores were used to assess learning outcomes. The System Usability Scale (SUS) and User Satisfaction Evaluation Questionnaire (USEQ) questionnaires were used to evaluate the differences between the VR groups. The sample comprised 45 medical students (undergraduate) who were taking part in clinical training at Walailak University in Thailand.Results: The overall learning outcomes of both VR groups were better than those of the video group. The post-test scores (P=0.581) and practice scores (P=0.168) of both VR groups were not significantly different. Similarly, no significant between-group differences were found in the SUS scores (P=0.588) or in any aspects of the USEQ scores.Conclusion: VR enhanced medical training. Interactions using hand tracking or controllers were not significantly different in terms of the outcomes measured in this study. The results and interviews provided a better understanding of support learning and training, which will be further improved and developed to create a self-learning VR medical training system in the future.
Association of the alga Cladogonium sp. with a multifactorial disease outbreak in dwarf shrimp (Neocaridina davidi)
Authors: Bauer J , Jung-Schroers V , Teitge F , Adamek M , Steinhagen D
Published: August 2021

This study outlines a multifactorial disease outbreak in a population of the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi, with the focus on a rarely described parasitic alga. Within this multifactorial disease outbreak, low but consistent mortality was observed. During microscopic examination, an infection of the shrimp with bacterial and fungal-like agents was diagnosed. Furthermore, the green alga Cladogonium sp. was found in pleopodal regions. The alga compromised the body surface of the shrimp, and its rhizoids penetrated the chitin shell and reached into the subcutaneous tissue. This might be a first indication of a parasitic lifestyle. In addition to a morphological description, sequencing data are presented which allow the taxonomic classification of the organism within the order Trentepohliales.
Positive effect of oral supplementation with glycosaminoglycans and antioxidants on the regeneration of osteochondral defects in the knee joint
Authors: Handl M , Amler E , Bräun K , Holzheu J , Trč T , Imhoff AB , Lytvinets A , Filová E , Kotyk A , Martínek V
Published: August 2021

The effect of oral supplementation with glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and radical scavengers (vitamin E/selenium) on the regeneration of osteochondral defects was investigated in rabbits. After introduction of defined osteochondral defects in the knee joint, groups of ten animals were given a GAG/vitamin E/selenium mixture or a placebo (milk sugar) for 6 weeks. Following sacrifice, histological and histochemical analysis was performed. The amount of synovial fluid was increased in the placebo group, while the viscosity of the synovial fluid was significantly enhanced in the GAG group. The amount of sulfated GAG in the osteochondral regenerates (8.8 +/- 3.6 % vs. 6.0 +/- 5.6 %; p <0.03) was significantly higher in the GAG group. In both groups, the GAG amount in the cartilage of the operated knee was significantly higher than in the non-involved knee (p <0.05). Histological analysis of the regenerates in the GAG group was superior in comparison with the placebo group. For the first time, a biological effect following oral supplementation with GAG was demonstrated in healing of osteochondral defects in vivo. These findings support the known positive clinical results.
Comparative proteome analysis of rat brain and coronary microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: Lu L , Yang PY , Rui Y-Ch , Kang H , Zhang J , Zhang J-P , Feng W-H
Published: August 2021

The endothelium of different organs displays a remarkable heterogeneity, although it presents many common functional and morphological features. However, despite our knowledge of heterogeneity among endothelial cells from different sites, the differences between brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) and coronary microvascular endothelial cells (CMEC) are poorly defined. The aim of this study was to investigate whether BMEC are distinct from CMEC at the protein level. Using the proteomic approach, we comparatively analyzed the proteome of cultured BMEC and CMEC. We reproducibly separated over 2000 polypeptides by using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) at pH range of 3-10. Using PDQuest software to process the 2-DE gel images, forty-seven protein spots were differentially expressed in the two-endothelial cells. Of these, thirty-five proteins are highly expressed in BMEC, whereas twelve proteins are highly expressed in CMEC. Fifteen proteins in BMEC and seven proteins in CMEC were identified with high confidence by matrix-associated laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF-MS). Our data suggested that BMEC and CMEC were different in several aspects including cytokine and growth-related molecules, stress-related proteins, metabolic enzymes, signal transduction proteins and others. The identification of a set of proteins preferentially expressed in BMEC and CMEC provided new data on the heterogeneity of the endothelium.
Intrarenal gene expression of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines in chronic proteinuric glomerulopathies
Authors: Brabcová I , Kotsch K , Hřibová P , Loužecká A , Bartošová K , Hyklová K , Lácha J , Volk HD , Viklický O
Published: August 2021

Proteinuria has been recently shown to be an independent risk factor for the progression of chronic nephropathies, but the actual mechanisms by which urinary protein load damages renal tissue in humans remain unsolved. Using real-time RT-PCR method we evaluated intrarenal mRNA expression of various cytokines and chemokines in patients with biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy (IgAN, n=11), membranous nephropathy (MN, n=6) and focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS, n=6) who exhibited proteinuria over 0.5 g/day. There was a significant positive correlation between the proteinuria extent and the intrarenal RANTES (regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted) mRNA expression in patients with IgAN, a similar trend was also observed in patients with MN and FSGS. There were no clear relationships between the proteinuria and intrarenal mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha, transforming growth factor beta1 and monocyte chemoattractant peptide-1. There were no differences in the pattern of cytokine mRNA expression between different glomerulopathies. In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that lymphocytes, macrophages and their products provoke tissue injury in response to proteinuria independently of the nature of renal diseases in man.
KONSEP VOLUNTARISME DALAM GERAKAN SAMIN TOLAK PABRIK SEMEN
Authors: Asrawijaya Enkin
Published: August 2021

The Kendeng Mountains, which are rich of limestone, clay, spring and other varying mining sources, are a strategic choice for establishing a cement factory. The plan to establish a cement factory was supported by government but was opposed by the Samin community along with Kendeng farmers. This study aims to discuss the resistance of the Samin (Sedulur Sikep) indigenous people to extractive companies. To discuss this article, we need a theory that can be used to analyze how these volunteers grow and work. This theory is Parsons’ volunteer Action theory. Meanwhile, the research method used was an ethnographic approach. The results showed that the strength gained by the Samin community is the awareness of striving to uphold the maturity of its members through the spirit of a volunteer. This voluntary spirit is developed by cultivating farmer solidarity. Some actors have good rhetorical abilities so that the JMPPK is established to move with an active and open line of resistance.
SUBSISTENSI BUDAYA: STRATEGI SURVIVAL MASYARAKAT TERDAMPAK KEBIJAKAN SOCIAL DISTANCING DI PERBATASAN INDONESIA-MALAYSIA
Authors: Musa Pabali , Suryadi Adi , Paramitha Rizqi Ratna
Published: August 2021

This research is intended to reveal the survival strategy of communities affected by the social distancing policy in border areas, especially Sambas Regency. The study was conducted using qualitative method, and field data collection with interviews and field observations (observations). The goal was to be able to explain the object of research intensively and precisely, namely the survival strategy taken by people on Sambas region border in facing pandemic, especially with their local culture. The subjects of research were Sambas people, especially workers, both local and migrant workers, as well as several related stakeholders. The results of study indicate that the survival strategy taken is a subsistence approach, generally manifested into: (1) subsistence bonds, in the form of forming and maintaining communal cohesiveness and kinship, (2) subsistence ethics, which is strengthening helpful behavior or solidarity, and (3) subsistence production in the form of productivity in the consumptive sector, the result of which is for their own use.
Coronary Flow Assessment Using Accelerated 4D Flow MRI With Respiratory Motion Correction
Authors: Blanken Carmen P. S. , Schrauben Eric M. , Peper Eva S. , Gottwald Lukas M. , Coolen Bram F. , van Wijk Diederik F. , Piek Jan J. , Strijkers Gustav J. , Planken R. Nils , van Ooij Pim , Nederveen Aart J.
Published: August 2021

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can potentially be used for non-invasive screening of patients with stable angina pectoris to identify probable obstructive coronary artery disease. MRI-based coronary blood flow quantification has to date only been performed in a 2D fashion, limiting its clinical applicability. In this study, we propose a framework for coronary blood flow quantification using accelerated 4D flow MRI with respiratory motion correction and compressed sensing image reconstruction. We investigate its feasibility and repeatability in healthy subjects at rest. Fourteen healthy subjects received 8 times-accelerated 4D flow MRI covering the left coronary artery (LCA) with an isotropic spatial resolution of 1.0 mm3. Respiratory motion correction was performed based on 1) lung-liver navigator signal, 2) real-time monitoring of foot-head motion of the liver and LCA by a separate acquisition, and 3) rigid image registration to correct for anterior-posterior motion. Time-averaged diastolic LCA flow was determined, as well as time-averaged diastolic maximal velocity (VMAX) and diastolic peak velocity (VPEAK). 2D flow MRI scans of the LCA were acquired for reference. Scan-rescan repeatability and agreement between 4D flow MRI and 2D flow MRI were assessed in terms of concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and coefficient of variation (CV). The protocol resulted in good visibility of the LCA in 11 out of 14 subjects (six female, five male, aged 28 ± 4 years). The other 3 subjects were excluded from analysis. Time-averaged diastolic LCA flow measured by 4D flow MRI was 1.30 ± 0.39 ml/s and demonstrated good scan-rescan repeatability (CCC/CV = 0.79/20.4%). Time-averaged diastolic VMAX (17.2 ± 3.0 cm/s) and diastolic VPEAK (24.4 ± 6.5 cm/s) demonstrated moderate repeatability (CCC/CV = 0.52/19.0% and 0.68/23.0%, respectively). 4D flow- and 2D flow-based diastolic LCA flow agreed well (CCC/CV = 0.75/20.1%). Agreement between 4D flow MRI and 2D flow MRI was moderate for both diastolic VMAX and VPEAK (CCC/CV = 0.68/20.3% and 0.53/27.0%, respectively). In conclusion, the proposed framework of accelerated 4D flow MRI equipped with respiratory motion correction and compressed sensing image reconstruction enables repeatable diastolic LCA flow quantification that agrees well with 2D flow MRI.
miRNA-7062-5p Promoting Bone Resorption After Bone Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Through Inhibiting GPR65
Authors: Chen Liang , Wang Yu , Lu Xingchen , Zhang Lili , Wang Ziming
Published: August 2021

Bone metastasis is positively associated with a poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC always leads to osteolytic change, which is regulated by aberrant activation of osteoclasts. MicroRNAs are remarkedly involved in metastasis of CRC; however, their role in bone metastasis of CRC is still unclear. The aim of this study is to find key microRNAs that are critical to bone resorption in bone metastasis of CRC. In this study, bone metastasis model was established through intratibially injecting CT-26 cells or MC-38 cells. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was performed to explore the osteoclastogenesis of primary early osteoclast precursors (OCPs) after stimulation by CT-26 conditioned medium (CM). Then, microarray assay was performed to find differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs. The target gene of miRNA was confirmed by dual-luciferase analysis. The effect of miRNA, its target gene on osteoclastogenesis, and involved pathways were explored by Western blot, immunofluorescence analysis, and TRAP staining. Finally, the effect of miRNA on bone resorption in vivo was observed. miRNA-7062-5p was upregulated in early OCPs cultured in CT-26 CM or MC-38 CM. GPR65 was proven to be the target gene of miRNA-7062-5p. Overexpression of GPR65 can rescue the osteoclastogenesis caused by miRNA-7062-5p through activation of AMPK pathway. Local injection of miRNA-7062-5p inhibitors efficiently improved the bone resorption. Our study found the role of miRNA-7062-5p in regulating osteoclast formation, and our findings provided a potential therapeutic target in treatment of bone metastasis of CRC.
TMT-Based Proteomic Explores the Influence of DHEA on the Osteogenic Differentiation of hBMSCs
Authors: Liang Xiaonan , He Mingwei , Zhu Bo , Zhu Yongjia , He Xixi , Liu Dachang , Wei Qingjun
Published: August 2021

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has been revealed to implicate in facilitating osteoblast differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and inhibiting osteoporosis (OP). However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we induced osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs derived from elders using an osteogenic induction medium with or without DHEA. The results showed that osteogenic induction medium (OIM) with DHEA could significantly promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs than OIM alone. By using a Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) labeling and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technology, we screened out 604 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) with at least one unique peptide were identified [524: OIM vs. complete medium (CM), and 547: OIM+DHEA vs. CM], among these proteins, 467 DEPs were shared in these two different comparative groups. Bioinformatic analysis revealed these DEPs are mainly enriched in metabolic pathways. Interestingly, the expression levels of the DEPs in the metabolic pathways showed a more noticeable change in the OIM+DHEA vs. CM group than OIM vs. CM group. Moreover, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed that three potential proteins, ATP5B, MT-CYB, and MT-ATP6, involved in energy metabolism, might play a key role in osteogenic differentiation induced by OIM+DHEA. These findings offer a valuable clue for us to better understand the underlying mechanisms involved in osteoblast differentiation of hBMSCs caused by DHEA and assist in applying DHEA in hBMSCs-based therapy for osteogenic regeneration.
On the Relationship Between Skepticism Towards and Reactance to Health Messages: The Special Case of Online Communication on Tick-Borne Encephalitis
Authors: Koinig Isabell , Kohler Sarah
Published: August 2021

In general, health communication messages intend to change individuals’ behaviors, applying both cognitive reasoning and increasingly personal accounts to achieve these changes. Nonetheless, against the background of increasing skepticism towards scientific findings and patronizing message claims, health messages fail to achieve their intended results. By use of a quantitative survey with Austrian respondents (n = 271), the study at hand intends to uncover individuals’ level of skepticism towards Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE) as well as their evaluations of online vaccination-related information on TBE. Moreover, as skepticism is likely to lead individuals to reject health message content altogether, we also test for the relationship between skepticism and reactance. Results indicate that there is only a marginal relationship between the two variables in the TBE communication context. For this reason, other variables might have to be included in future research to derive more comprehensive results and recommendations. Since skepticism has proven to be of lesser importance in TBE message reception, government or health officials are recommended to prioritize additional constructs, such as trust, which can be elevated through more affective communication.
Coronary Magnetic Resonance Angiography in Chronic Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Hajhosseiny Reza , Munoz Camila , Cruz Gastao , Khamis Ramzi , Kim Won Yong , Prieto Claudia , Botnar René M.
Published: August 2021

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) accounting for the majority of cases. X-ray coronary angiography and computed tomography coronary angiography (CCTA) are the imaging modalities of choice for the assessment of CAD. However, the use of ionising radiation and iodinated contrast agents remain drawbacks. There is therefore a clinical need for an alternative modality for the early identification and longitudinal monitoring of CAD without these associated drawbacks. Coronary magnetic resonance angiography (CMRA) could be a potential alternative for the detection and monitoring of coronary arterial stenosis, without exposing patients to ionising radiation or iodinated contrast agents. Further advantages include its versatility, excellent soft tissue characterisation and suitability for repeat imaging. Despite the early promise of CMRA, widespread clinical utilisation remains limited due to long and unpredictable scan times, onerous scan planning, lower spatial resolution, as well as motion related image quality degradation. The past decade has brought about a resurgence in CMRA technology, with significant leaps in image acceleration, respiratory and cardiac motion estimation and advanced motion corrected or motion-resolved image reconstruction. With the advent of artificial intelligence, great advances are also seen in deep learning-based motion estimation, undersampled and super-resolution reconstruction promising further improvements of CMRA. This has enabled high spatial resolution (1 mm isotropic), 3D whole heart CMRA in a clinically feasible and reliable acquisition time of under 10 min. Furthermore, latest super-resolution image reconstruction approaches which are currently under evaluation promise acquisitions as short as 1 min. In this review, we will explore the recent technological advances that are designed to bring CMRA closer to clinical reality.
A Primer on Repeated Sitting Exposure and the Cardiovascular System: Considerations for Study Design, Analysis, Interpretation, and Translation
Authors: Stoner Lee , Barone Gibbs Bethany , Meyer Michelle L. , Fryer Simon , Credeur Daniel , Paterson Craig , Stone Keeron , Hanson Erik D. , Kowalsky Robert J. , Horiuchi Masahiro , Mack Christopher P. , Dave Gaurav
Published: August 2021

Sedentary behavior, particularly sitting, is ubiquitous in many contemporary societies. This is a major societal concern considering the evidence for a strong association between sitting behavior and cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Unsurprisingly, leading public health agencies have begun to advocate “reduction” in sitting behavior. Though, the guidelines are typically vague and non-specific. The lack of specific guidelines for prolonged sitting is attributable to the absence of available evidence to facilitate guideline development. To inform policy, well-designed randomized controlled trials are required to test the efficacy of specific and translatable sitting reduction strategies. To guide the design of randomized controlled trials, this review postulates that several gaps in the literature first need to be filled. Following a general discussion of the importance of sitting behavior to contemporary societies, each of the following are discussed: (i) acute sitting exposure and systems physiology; (ii) recommendations for a systems physiology toolbox; (iii) study design considerations for acute sitting exposure; and (iv) translation of sitting-focused research.