bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are brood sex ratios adaptive?—The effect of experimentally altered brood sex ratio on nestling growth, mortality and recruitment
Authors: Szász Eszter , Sarkadi Fanni , Szöllősi Eszter , Kopena Renáta , Török János , Rosivall Balázs
Published: November 2022

Brood sex ratios (BSRs) have often been found to be nonrandom in respect of parental and environmental quality, and many hypotheses suggest that nonrandom sex ratios can be adaptive. To specifically test the adaptive value of biased BSRs, it is crucial to disentangle the consequences of BSR and maternal effects. In multiparous species, this requires cross‐fostering experiments where foster parents rear offspring originating from multiple broods, and where the interactive effect of original and manipulated BSR on fitness components is tested. To our knowledge, our study on collared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis) is the first that meets these requirements. In this species, where BSRs had previously been shown to be related to parental characteristics, we altered the original BSR of the parents shortly after hatching by cross‐fostering nestlings among trios of broods and examined the effects on growth, mortality and recruitment of the nestlings. We found that original and experimental BSR, as well as the interaction of the two, were unrelated to the fitness components considered. Nestling growth was related only to background variables, namely brood size and hatching rank. Nestling mortality was related only to hatching asynchrony. Our results therefore do not support that the observed BSRs are adaptive in our study population. However, we cannot exclude the possibility of direct effects of experimentally altered BSRs on parental fitness, which should be evaluated in the future. In addition, studies similar to ours are required on various species to get a clearer picture of the adaptive value of nonrandom BSRs.
The effect of combined of hyaluronic acid dermal filler and microfocused ultrasound treatment: A clinicopathological study
Authors: Vachiramon Vasanop , Rutnin Suthinee , Patcharapojanart Chanikarn , Chittasirinuvat Natthaphon
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Microfocused ultrasound (MFU) and hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injection are increasingly popular aesthetic procedures. HA filler injection is generally recommended after MFU if combined treatment is required in a single visit. However, data regarding the safe and optimal time of MFU treatment after HA injection is still limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of HA loss when performing MFU treatment after dermal filler injection.

Methods

Fourteen subjects were recruited in this pilot study. HA was injected intradermally on four 2 × 2 cm areas at the abdomen (0.25 ml/site). Site A was served as control whereas site B, C, D were treated with MFU using 1.5 mm transducer at 60 min, Day 14, and Day 28 after the injection, respectively. All experimental sites were biopsied using a 3‐mm punch biopsy to evaluate the histopathological profile at baseline and Day 56. Grading of the quantity of retained HA was evaluated by a blinded experienced dermatopathologist.

Results

All 14 subjects completed the study. One subject has been excluded due to the poor quality of histopathologic slides. Seven subjects (53.9%) at site B and 6 subjects (46.2%) at site C had HA loss at Day 56 compared with baseline. The mean HA grading at baseline and Day 56 was 3.7 vs. 2.8 (p < 0.001) at site B and 3.7 vs. 3.0 (p = 0.001) at site C, respectively. There was no statistical difference between the mean HA grading at baseline and Day 56 at site D (3.7 vs. 3.3, p = 0.073). No inflammation or granuloma was observed on Day 56 of the study.

Conclusions

MFU treatment after HA injection appears to be safe. However, some degree of HA loss was observed if MFU treatment was done within 2 weeks after HA injection.
Flexible application of scar tissue flaps in scar contracture release surgery: A retrospective study
Authors: Ge Xiaojing , Sun Yute , Tang Youzhi , Zhou Fang , Yao Gang , Su Xin
Published: November 2022

Background

Complete release of scar contracture often relies on surgery, but if the surgery injures normal skin tissue triggers new wounds and scarring, which adds insult to injury for the patient.

Objective

To explore a method that uses scar tissue to repair the defect after the release of scars and try to avoid damage to normal skin tissue.

Materials and Methods

Forty‐eight scar contracture patients admitted to our hospital from October 2014 to October 2019 were treated with scar tissue flaps (including Subcutaneous pedicle rhomboid flap, Z‐plasty flap, 5‐flap, and their combination model) and minor defects in combination with little scattered skin grafts. Medical and demographic data were collected on each patient. Assessed the joint range of motion (ROM) preoperatively and postoperatively, and complication was recorded. The rate of scar contracture recurrence was recorded at a follow‐up of 6–24 months.

Results

Twenty‐eight cases of scar contracture located in the joint sites, 20 in the trunk. All the surgical outcomes were satisfied, with significant improvement in contracture scarring and joint status. Postoperative joint range of motion (ROM) showed a significant improvement in comparison with preoperative mobility, whereas the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). After 24 months of follow‐up, five joints showed recontraction, with a recurrence rate of 10.42%.

Conclusion

Scar contracture could be efficiently treated by properly designing incisions and making the most of the scar tissue flap, to minimize and avoid damage to the normal skin.
Capturing Multiple Sources of Change on Triannual Math Screeners in Elementary School
Authors: Hall Garret J. , Kaplan David , Albers Craig A.
Published: November 2022

Bayesian latent change score modeling (LCSM) was used to compare models of triannual (fall, winter, spring) change on elementary math computation and concepts/applications curriculum‐based measures. Data were collected from elementary students in Grades 2–5, approximately 700 to 850 students in each grade (47%–54% female; 78%–79% White, 10%–11% Black, 2%–4% Hispanic/Latino, 2%–4% Asian, 2–4% Native American or Pacific Islander; 13%–14% English learner; 10%–14% had special education individualized education plans). Results converged with common nonlinear growth patterns from the assessment norms and prior independent findings. However, Bayesian LCSMs captured practically relevant sources of change not observed in prior studies. Practical and methodological implications for screening and data‐based decision‐making in multitiered systems of support, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
Effects of primary hyperparathyroidism on oral health. A longitudinal register‐based study
Authors: Lexomboon Duangjai , Tägt Mina , Nilsson Inga‐Lena , Buhlin Kåre , Häbel Henrike , Sandborgh‐Englund Gunilla
Published: November 2022

Objectives

To analyze the effects of primary hyperparathyroidism on oral health and to investigate if the effects are linked to severity of the disease.

Subjects and Methods

This prospective cohort study involved 6151 primary hyperparathyroidism patients registered in the Scandinavian Quality Registry of Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Adrenal surgery and the National Cancer Register after parathyroidectomy (exposure) during 2011–2017 (patient cohort) and 60,654 individuals without primary hyperparathyroidism (reference cohort), matched by age, gender, and county of resident at the date of parathyroidectomy. The outcomes were tooth extractions and periodontal interventions. The risk for the outcomes was assessed by Poisson regression models.

Results

After adjusting for covariates, the patient cohort had a higher incidence rate of tooth extraction during the two‐year period after parathyroidectomy (IRR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1.01–1.31), but a lower incidence rate of periodontal interventions during the four‐ to six‐year period after parathyroidectomy (IRR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.79–0.99). Furthermore, patients with more severe primary hyperparathyroidism were more likely to have tooth extractions and periodontal interventions after parathyroidectomy.

Conclusions

The risk of tooth extraction increased slightly during the first two years after parathyroidectomy. Thereafter, the oral health effects subsided. Pre‐surgical serum ionized calcium levels and adenoma weight may indicate negative dental outcomes after parathyroidectomy.
Person‐centred and task‐centred care: Impact on mealtime behaviours in nursing home residents with dementia
Authors: Liu Wen , Perkhounkova Yelena , Hein Maria
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Mealtime is a critical daily activity to ensure nutrition, hydration, function and socialisation. Interactions between staff and residents during mealtimes are complex and dynamic processes including verbal and/or nonverbal communication that can be positive/neutral or challenging. This study examined characteristics of and relationships between person‐centred and task‐centred care and positive/neutral and challenging mealtime behaviours in persons with dementia.

Methods

This study was a secondary behavioural analyses of videotaped mealtime observations (n = 110) involving 42 unique staff‐resident dyads (29 staff and 25 residents with dementia) in nine nursing homes. The refined Cue Utilization and Engagement in Dementia mealtime video‐coding scheme was used to code videos during 2019–2020. Dependent variables representing resident mealtime behaviours included positive verbal behaviours, positive/neutral nonverbal behaviours, functional impairments (nonverbal) and resistive behaviours (verbal and nonverbal). Independent variables were staff person‐centred and task‐centred approaches (verbal and nonverbal). Relationships between resident mealtime behaviours and staff approaches were examined using bivariate analysis and logistic regression.

Results

Staff person‐centred verbal approaches were associated with resident positive verbal behaviours (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.09–1.76), functional impairments (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.66–1.00) and resistive behaviours (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.18–2.31). Staff person‐centred nonverbal approaches were associated with resident functional impairments (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.02–1.74). Staff task‐centred approaches were not associated with resident positive/neutral or challenging mealtime behaviours.

Conclusion

This study characterised staff approaches and resident behaviours during mealtime care and provided preliminary support on associations between staff person‐centred approaches and resident positive and challenging behaviours. Person‐centred mealtime care practice is recommended by focusing on support of common, challenging behaviours and reinforcement of positive behaviours with adequate consideration of individual needs and preferences.
A prospective study of BurstDR™ spinal cord stimulation for non‐operated discogenic low back pain
Authors: Mons Martijn R. , Chapman Kenneth B. , Terwiel Chris , Joosten Elbert A. , Kallewaard Jan‐Willem
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Chronic discogenic low back pain (CD‐LBP) is caused by degeneration of the disc due to trauma to the annulus or by unprovoked degeneration, resulting in chronic pain. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) employing the BurstDR™ waveform has been shown to be an effective treatment in a variety of chronic pain conditions. The aim of this prospective case study was to determine the effect of BurstDR™ SCS on pain relief, disability, and patient satisfaction in a population with CD‐LBP.

Methods

Seventeen subjects with CD‐LBP received a SCS trial with BurstDR™ stimulation. Patients with >50% pain relief after a trial period of 2 weeks were permanently implanted (n = 15). Patients then rated LBP and leg pain using the numeric rating scale (NRS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), patient global impression of change (PGIC), EQ‐5D quality of life, and painDETECT for neuropathic pain at baseline following trial, 3, 6, and 12 months after permanent implantation.

Results

Treatment with BurstDR™ SCS resulted in significant reduction of LBP as the NRS was reduced from 71.7 ± 7.3 at baseline to 42.5 ± 18.1 at 12 months. Average pain relief at 12 months was 42.5%. In patients with leg pain (n = 8), pain was significantly reduced from 66.9 ± 8.2 to 11.7 ± 10.4 at 12 months. PainDETECT scores for neuropathic pain significantly reduced from 18.9 ± 4.8 at baseline, and 14.8 ± 3.2 at 12 months. Baseline ODI score significantly reduced from 41.2 ± 12.8 to 25.8 ± 8.6 at 12 months. PGIC scores remained low from 2.6 ± 1.6 at 3 months, 2.5 ± 1.0 at 6 months, and 2.5 ± 1.3 at 12 months. EQ‐5D‐5L rates remained constant from baseline 56.10 ± 23.9 to 68.6 ± 12.9 at 12 months.

Conclusion

BurstDR™ SCS resulted in significant reduction of back pain, leg pain, and quality of life in patients with CD‐LBP and decreased the level of disability and generated positive patient satisfaction scores.
Doing African political philosophy from a universalist perspective
Authors: Ṣóyẹmí Ẹniọlá Ànúolúwapọ́
Published: November 2022

There has been a strong impetus to set the definitional parameters of study in African political philosophy and theory. Many scholars advance the idea of a discipline intended to provide lessons that stem from “original” African moral, ideological, and political traditions. Often, these traditions and their ideas are presented as holding categorical moral substance in so far as they are seen to be specific to a culturally essentialist understanding of “Africa.” In turn, an influential part of the literature estimates the normative value of the intellectual ideas and arguments afforded by a varied historical, socio‐cultural and economic African geography by the degree to which, in being tethered to a seemingly homogenous, “culturally African” influence, these ideas can be opposed to a “Western” equivalent. In this article, I argue that the effects on the discipline of attending to, and being defined by, this cultural essentialism are at best unclear, at worst detrimental. I aim to contribute to the side of those who advocate a universalist perspective to the study of African political philosophy and thought, and who argue for jettisoning an unhelpful dichotomy between “West” and “African,” in favour of a methodological, conceptual and historical specificity that allows the discipline to be truly useful to itself and to others.
Capital, change and Elsie's Place: Understanding the history of safe accommodation in Australia
Authors: Lewer Kelly
Published: November 2022

Gendered violence, specifically, domestic violence, continues to be a global issue impacting the health and well‐being of women despite the improvements to women's rights and the expansion of women's health and well‐being services in the 1970s. While considerable attention has been given to this period of time, scant attention has been given to understanding the resources and change processes involved in the opening of Australia's feminist‐led women's health and wellbeing services from a theoretical perspective. During a Visiting Scholar appointment at the State Library of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia I undertook a review of historical documentation and academic literature search pertaining to the opening of Australia's first feminist‐led safe accommodation for women fleeing domestic violence: Elsie's Place. The concepts of Bourdieu (1977) Theory of Practice informed my understanding of resources, while Lewin (1947) Change Theory provided a conceptual lens through which to view change within the textual and graphical documents. The findings from this project point to the importance of capital, particularly social capital, in the forms of cooperation, collaboration, and networking, in the supporting of change within this sector during the opening of foundational services for women in Australia.
Gendered affordance perception and unequal domestic labour
Authors: McClelland Tom , Sliwa Paulina
Published: November 2022

The inequitable distribution of domestic and caring labour in different‐sex couples has been a longstanding feminist concern. Some have hoped that having both partners at home during the COVID‐19 pandemic would usher in a new era of equitable work and caring distributions. Contrary to these hopes, old patterns seem to have persisted. Moreover, studies suggest this inequitable distribution often goes unnoticed by the male partner. This raises two questions. Why do women continue to shoulder a disproportionate amount of housework and childcare despite economic and cultural gains? And why is there a widespread one‐sided misrepresentation within different‐sex couples about how domestic and caring work is distributed between the two partners? We answer these questions by appealing to affordance perception – the perception of possibilities for action in one's environment. We propose an important gender disparity in the perception of affordances for domestic tasks such as the dishwasher affording emptying, the floor affording sweeping and a mess affording tidying. We argue that this contributes not only to the inequitable distribution of domestic labour but to the frequent invisibility of that labour. We explore the consequences of this hypothesis for resistance and social change.
Immunomodulatory treatment in unclassifiable interstitial lung disease: A retrospective study of treatment response
Authors: Hyldgaard Charlotte , Torrisi Sebastiano , Kronborg Brix‐White Sissel , Prior Thomas Skovhus , Ganter Claudia , Bendstrup Elisabeth , Kreuter Michael
Published: November 2022

Background and Objective

The optimal management of unclassifiable Interstitial lung disease (ILD) remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to describe pulmonary function trajectories for patients treated with immunomodulatory therapy and for untreated patients.

Methods

Clinical information and treatment data were obtained retrospectively at two ILD centres. Pulmonary function data were analysed using (1) mixed effects linear regression models with and without clinical covariates and (2) propensity score matching using gender, age, physiology (GAP) stage, smoking and presence of ground glass opacities.

Results

Sixty‐five percent of the 249 patients included received corticosteroids and/or other immunomodulators. Treated patients had lower forced vital capacity (FVC) (72% vs. 83% predicted) and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco) (44% vs. 60% predicted). In mixed effects linear regression, the adjusted change in FVC was −0.22%, [−0.34; −0.11], and −0.15% [−0.28;‐0.012] for DLco. The difference in pulmonary function decline between treated and untreated patients was insignificant, −0.082% per month, [−0.28; 0.11], p = 0.10 for FVC and −0.14% per month, [−0.36; 0.079], p = 0.15, for DLco. In propensity score matched analysis, the difference in change in FVC was 0.039% per month, p = 0.12, and for DLco, 0.0085% per month, p = 0.7.

Conclusion

The pulmonary function trajectories for treated and untreated patients were parallel, despite treated patients having more severe disease at baseline. The persisting differences between the groups suggest no overall effect, although improvement or stabilization may be seen in some patients. Prospective studies are needed to define subsets of patients with unclassifiable interstitial lung disease and their optimal management.
Global nonlinear stability of longitudinal wave for the planar motion of elastic string with linear Hooke's law
Authors: Liu Jianli , Zhao Xinyu , Wu Kunlai
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we consider the global nonlinear stability of longitudinal wave for the planar motion of elastic string with linear Hooke's law. First, we will give the representation of the traveling wave solution to the recast hyperbolic system. Then, by using the weighted function method, we obtain the global stability of longitudinal wave solution for nonlinear elastic string equation.
High serum β2‐microglobulin is a significant predictor of mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients
Authors: Feng Jianan , Yu Ling , Li Han , Wang Shixiang
Published: November 2022

Background

Beta2‐microglobulin, a novel marker of kidney function, predicts kidney failure and mortality in the general population. However, few studies have evaluated the association of serum β2‐MG level with clinical outcome in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.

Methods

This prospective cohort study enrolled 303 MHD patients to investigate the factors related to β2‐MG and its relationship to mortality in MHD patients. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to examine the factors related to β2‐MG level. Multivariable Cox regression was used to calculate the hazard ratios for β2‐MG on all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality.

Results

The median value of serum β2‐MG was 44.6 mg/L (interquartile range 37.60–50.40 mg/L). During the follow‐up period of 24 months, there were 48 all‐cause deaths (23.0%), including 36 cardiovascular causes (75.0% of all deaths). Multiple linear regression showed that dialysis duration, serum creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase were independent predictors of serum β2‐MG level. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that mortality in MHD patients was significantly higher in low albumin patients with β2‐MG > 44.6 mg/L. Cox regression analysis showed that β2‐MG was a significant predictor of all‐cause mortality (HR = 1.122, 95% CI: 1.058–1.190, 𝑃 < 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR = 1.145, 95%CI: 1.065–1.123, P < 0.001) in MHD patients with low albumin level after adjusting for confounding factors. However, our results showed that serum β2‐MG was not associated with mortality in MHD patients with normal albumin level.

Conclusion

These results are supportive of the potential role of the serum β2‐MG level as a predictor of mortality in MHD patients with low albumin.
Effectiveness of man therapy to reduce suicidal ideation and depression among working‐age men: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Frey Jodi J. , Osteen Philip J. , Sharpe Tanya L. , Mosby Amanda O. , Joiner Thomas , Ahmedani Brian , Iwamoto Derek , Nam Boyoung , Spencer‐Thomas Sally , Ko Jungyai , Ware Orrin D. , Imboden Rachel , Cornette Michelle M. , Gilgoff Jon
Published: November 2022

Objective

This randomized controlled trial of the online intervention, man therapy (MT), evaluated efficacy to reduce suicidal ideation (SI) and depression among working‐aged men.

Method

Five‐hundred and fifty‐four men enrolled and 421 completed all surveys. Control Condition men explored the Healthy Men Michigan (HMM) website and Intervention Condition men explored HMM and MT. Hypotheses included men who used MT would report decreased SI and depression over time compared to Control Condition men.

Results

Latent growth curve modeling revealed improvements in SI (slope = −0.23, p < 0.001, 95% CI: −0.29, −0.16) and depression (slope = −0.21, p < 0.001, 95% CI: −0.23, −0.18) over time for men in both groups; however, there was no difference in slope based on group assignment. Depression, lifetime suicide attempts, and interpersonal needs were associated with SI. Interpersonal needs and poor mental health were associated with depression. No group differences in change in risk and protective factors over time were observed. MT sub‐group analyses revealed significant improvements in risk and protective factors.

Conclusion

While a direct effect of MT versus HMM on SI or depression was not observed, men in both groups improved. Results suggest online screening might play a role in reducing SI and depression among men and there are potential benefits to MT related to mental health, social support, and treatment motivation.
Social intelligence as moderator in the relation between narcissism and aggression in at‐risk adolescents
Authors: Kim Hyunah , Barry Christopher T.
Published: November 2022

This study examined the moderating role of social intelligence (SI) in the associations of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism (VN) with peer‐reported overt and relational aggression (RA). The sample consisted of 286 adolescents aged 15 to 19 recruited from a residential program for youth who have dropped out of school. Results showed that whereas grandiose narcissism (GN) was related to both forms of aggression, VN was related to neither overt nor RA. However, SI moderated the relation between VN and both forms of aggression such that SI works as either a risk or protective factor for adolescents with higher levels of narcissism depending on the subdimensions of SI and aggression. The findings indicate that SI may play a role in how adolescent peers perceive the behavior of relatively narcissistic individuals.
Heat Transfer Characteristics of the Multicavity Tips at Different Turbulence Levels
Authors: Li Feng , Zhang Weixin , Liu Zhao , Feng Zhenping
Published: November 2022

A comprehensive understanding of the tip heat transfer characteristics is important to the blade tip design. In this work, the heat transfer coefficient (h) data of several multicavity tips was measured using a steady-state method with an infrared camera. The multicavity tips with different cavity numbers were developed by placing ribs into the traditional squealer tip. All the measurements were conducted in a low-speed linear cascade. Moreover, to gain insight into the heat transfer characteristics of the multicavity tips, computational simulations verified by measurements were implemented to acquire the detailed flow structure of these tips. Measurement results show that the h distributions of the multicavity tips are changed by the ribs. Due to the reattachment of the leakage flow, additional high-h regions are observed downstream of the rib. And the h values in the suction-side rim corner increase, especially at near the trailing-edge. A low-h region is found in the corner upstream of the rib. Furthermore, adopting a high freestream turbulence level would enhance the heat transfer. The augment of h values on the tip front portion is more evident than that on the midto-rear part. The validation in a turbine stage indicates that the present data obtained in the stationary condition still could reveal the heat transfer characteristics of these multicavity tips in a rotating condition.
Drying Kinetics and Performance Analysis of Thermal Storage-Based Hybrid Greenhouse Dryer for Uniform Drying of Tomato Flakes
Authors: Ahmad Asim , Prakash Om , Kumar Anil , Hussain Md Shahnawaz
Published: November 2022

This communication focuses on the experimental investigation of mixed heat storage-based hybrid greenhouse dryer. The proposed system is a combination of a solar air heater and a greenhouse dryer. Mixed heat storage material is applied on the bed of the dryer, which is a combination of paraffin wax and black-painted gravel. Tomato flakes were selected for drying in both hybrid system and natural sun drying. Tomato flakes were rehydrated up to 1.29% and 10.10% under hybrid and open modes. Daily drying efficiency for drying tomato flakes in the proposed dryer was 50.18%, while it was 30.02% for open mode. Effective moisture diffusivity was 0.8666 × 10−10 m2/s and 11.650 × 10−10 m2/s for open and hybrid modes. The solar drying process improved physicochemical properties of tomato flakes, resulting in a shelf life extension. This finding highlights the great potential for hybrid solar dryer in the food industry and suggests that it could emerge as an efficient postharvest conserving method for seasonal consumable vegetables and fruits, mostly in developing nations.
Assessing the Potential Increase in the Energy Storage Density of Subsea Hydro-Pneumatic Accumulators Using Carbon Dioxide in Lieu of Air
Authors: Cutajar Charise , Sant Tonio , Briffa Luke Jurgen , Buhagiar Daniel
Published: November 2022

The integration of energy storage systems (ESS) on a large scale is becoming essential to mitigate intermittency issues in power supply from offshore wind farms. This paper deals with an offshore hydro-pneumatic energy storage (HPES) system comprising of a subsea accumulator pre-charged with a compressed gas. The paper applies a simplified thermodynamic model to investigate the potential increase in the energy storage density of the proposed HPES system by replacing air with carbon dioxide (CO2) that is able to undergo a phase change (gas-liquid-gas) during the storage cycle when limiting the peak operating pressure below the critical point. The study is based on a numerical model for simulating the thermodynamics of the entire storage cycle. A sensitivity study is conducted to examine the influence of main operational parameters, primarily the seawater temperature, peak working pressure, and sea depth, on the storage density of the HPES system operating with a dual phase fluid. It is shown that the storage density of HPES accumulators can be increased substantially by using CO2 in lieu of air. The increase in density is found to depend considerably on the seawater temperature and sea depth.
Heat Transfer in a Rotating, Blade-Shaped, Two-Pass Cooling Channel With Various 45-Deg Rib Turbulators and a Tip Turning Vane
Authors: Chen I-Lun , Wright Lesley M. , Han Je-Chin , Krewinkel Robert
Published: November 2022

This work experimentally studied a rotating, blade-shaped, two-pass cooling channel with various 45-deg rib turbulators and a tip-turning vane. The first passage of the cooling channel has an aspect ratio (AR) = 4:1 with the coolant moving radially outward. After a 180-deg blade-shaped tip turn, the coolant flows radially inward into the second passage with an AR = 2:1. The first and second passages are oriented at 50 deg and 105 deg from the rotation direction, respectively. In the tip-turn portion, a tip-turning vane with an oval cross section connects the mid-lines of the two passes. Two orientations of 45 deg angled ribs were considered in this work: unusual and criss-cross. The ribs have a profiled cross section and were placed in-line (P/e = 10, e/H = 0.16) on the leading and trailing surfaces of the channel. Five inlet Reynolds numbers (10,000–45,000) and five rotational speeds (0−400 rpm) were considered in this study, with a maximum rotation number of Ro = 0.38 achieved in the first pass. The results showed that the effect of the turning vane on heat transfer and pressure loss for the 45-deg unusual rib case was insignificant. The overall heat transfer for the criss-cross rib case was slightly increased by the turning vane. For pressure loss, the turning vane provided approximately an 8% reduction in the 45-deg criss-cross rib case, which was the highest in the rib cases. The 45-deg criss-cross ribs presented the highest thermal performance with the turning vane.
Simulating the Effects of Porosity on the D31 Piezoelectric Coefficient of Polyvinylidene Fluoride
Authors: Kloster Jack , Danley Matthew , Struntz Tony , Lai Victor , Zhao Ping
Published: November 2022

A piezoelectric, thin film polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) material was developed for application as a blood pressure/flow sensor within an artificial heart. In an effort to increase the piezoelectric coefficient, d31, and maximize the sensitivity of the PVDF material, nanoscale pores were introduced into the thin films. The purpose of the pores was to increase the mechanical strain of the material under compressive loading, and thus increase the charge separation and piezoelectric coefficient. Strain tracking under tensile loading was performed to determine the elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio of the PVDF material, which were then used to model a simulated material in COMSOL Multiphysics software. Simulations were run to determine the d31 piezoelectric coefficient of the material, and the simulated results were compared with experimental results from a previous study. As porosity of the PVDF films increased, the experimental results showed an increase in d31 from 21.3 pC/N to 51.3 pC/N, or 141%. The simulated results showed an increase in d31 from 16.7 pC/N to 47.2 pC/N, or 183%. The similarity between previous experimental results and novel simulated results suggests that the simulated model used is a reliable method for estimating d31 of PVDF.
Design and Manufacture of a Fluid-Actuated Morphing Winglet Trailing Edge Control Surface
Authors: Vasista Srinivas , Nolte Felix , Schäfer Michael , Riemenschneider Johannes
Published: November 2022

Enabling thin regions in aircraft wings with active control surface functionality is challenging in terms of the integration of high-power actuation systems in regions with small available volumes. This paper details the design of a winglet trailing edge surface composed of miniature fluid-actuated morphing unit structures (FAMoUS) that can potentially enable control surface deflections under the corresponding aerodynamic hinge moments. These FAMoUS actuators consist of a hybrid elastomer and metallic extensible hollow units into which incompressible fluids can be pumped thereby creating displacement and force and thus output work. Position control can be achieved in combination with the appropriate pump systems and shape-feedback sensors. This paper outlines the design, finite element analyses and manufacturing process of a demonstrator currently being fabricated for subsequent testing. These finite element analyses consist of detailed tuned material parameters obtained from testing on the individual unit structure tests as well as the inclusion of hydrostatic fluid elements to determine effective stiffnesses from the pressure-volume relationship between the housing structure and internal fluid. Manufacturing of the demonstrator is to be conducted using composite fabrication and machining techniques to ensure that the demanding tolerances and surface qualities are to be maintained. Outcomes of the manufacturing process and initial testing results show bimorph behavior under fluid pressure.
3D Printed Flexible Dielectric Electroactive Polymer Sensors
Authors: Rodriguez David Gonzalez , Maynard Cole , Hernandez Julio , O’Brien Corey , Tallman Tyler N. , Newell Brittany , Garcia Jose
Published: November 2022

Flexible sensors have demonstrated great potential for utilization in many industrial applications due to their ability to be produced in complex shapes. Sensors are employed to monitor and detect changes in the surrounding environment or the structure itself. A great majority of these flexible structures are produced by casting processes, since they are generally composed of silicone materials due to their high elasticity and flexibility. Unfortunately, the casting process is time consuming, and it limits the development of complex geometries reducing the advantages of silicone materials. 3D printed flexible sensors have demonstrated great potential for utilization in a variety of different applications including healthcare, environmental sensing, and industrial applications. In recent years, research on these topics has increased to meet low-cost sensing needs due to the development of innovative materials and printing techniques that reduce cost, production time, and enhance the electrical and mechanical properties of the sensors. This paper presents a 3D printed flexible dielectric electroactive polymer (DEAP) sensor capable of producing an output signal based on the deformation caused by external forces. Three different conductive flexible filaments were tested, using one commercial filament and two custom-made filaments, a comparison of its sensing behavior is also presented herein. Additionally, computational simulations were done to evaluate the performance of the produced sensors, evaluating the capacitance change of the entire structure. This work demonstrates the production of 3D printed flexible sensors and studies the behavior of new customizable conductive flexible filaments. Both manufactured sensors were produced using fused deposition modeling (FDM) techniques.
Effect of ozone and humidity addition on hydrogen peroxide generation characteristics of plasmas in oxygen bubbles
Authors: Kazama Ryota , Watanabe Taichi , Zen Shungo , Takeuchi Nozomi
Published: November 2022

The effects of addition of ozone (O3) and humidity on oxygen (O2) bubbles during hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation by AC plasmas in the bubbles were investigated. The best H2O2 generation characteristics, with a generation rate and an efficiency of 161 mg/h and 1.74 g/kWh, respectively, were achieved when humidified O3 was used with ballast capacitors of 100 pF at 3 kHz. Zero-dimensional simulations of gas-phase reactions with different water vapor concentrations were performed to investigate the H2O2 generation reactions. It was confirmed that the use of humidified O3 contributed to hydrogen peroxide formation by enhancing OH radical generation via reactions involving O, H, and HO2 radicals.
Anchoring silver nanoparticles on nanofibers by thermal bonding to construct functional surface
Authors: Xu Bingjie , Yang Langfei , Pan Wei , Li Ying , Wang Zili , Cai Guoqiang , Wu Jindan , Qi Dongming
Published: November 2022

Generally, the anchoring of inorganic nanoparticles onto the surface of fibers faces the problem of poor stability, which limits the wide application of nanoparticle functionalized fibers. Herein, nanofibers with shell-core structures were constructed by coaxial electrospinning of two polymers with different melting points (Tm). Polyglycolic acid (PGA, Tm = 225 °C) was employed as the core layer, while polycaprolactone (PCL, Tm = 60 °C) was used as the shell layer. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were electrosprayed on the nanofibers and the shell layer (PCL) was heated and melted to bond the AgNPs, thus realizing a stable AgNP-composited nanofiber for the construction of antibacterial functional surface. By regulating the shell-core flow ratio and the condition for heat treatment, the appropriate thickness of the shell layer was obtained with a flow ratio of 3:1 (PCL:PGA). The optimal composite structure was constructed when the thermal bonding was taken under 80 °C for 5 min. Furthermore, it was found that the composite nanofibers prepared by thermal bonding had better hydrophilicity, mechanical property, and AgNPs bonding stability, and their antibacterial rate against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) reached over 97%. Overall, a facile and universal method for the preparation of nanoparticle-anchored nanofibers was established in this study. The robust nanoparticle-composited nanofibers are promising for applications in optoelectronic devices, electrode materials, and so on.
Quantitative x-ray diffraction analysis of strain and interdiffusion in β-Ga2O3 superlattices of μ-Fe2O3 and β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3
Authors: Hettiaratchy Elline C. , Wang Binbin , Dheenan Ashok , McGlone Joe , Kalarickal Nidhin Kurian , Bagués Núria , Ringel Steven , McComb David W. , Rajan Siddharth , Myers Roberto C.
Published: November 2022

Superlattices composed of either monoclinic μ-Fe2O3 or β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 with β-Ga2O3 spacers are grown on (010) β-Ga2O3 substrates using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. High-resolution x-ray diffraction data are quantitatively fit using commercial dynamical x-ray diffraction software (LEPTOS) to obtain layer thicknesses, strain, and compositions. The strain state of β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 and μ-Fe2O3 superlattices as characterized using reciprocal space maps in the symmetric (020) and asymmetric (420) diffraction conditions indicates coherent growths that are strained to the (010) β-Ga2O3 lattice. β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 and μ-Fe2O3 superlattices grown at hotter substrate temperatures result in crystal structures with better coherency and reduced defects compared to colder growths. The growth rate of μ-Fe2O3 is ∼2.6 nm/min at Tsub = 700 °C and drops to ∼1.6 nm/min at Tsub = 800 °C due to increased Fe interdiffusion at hotter substrate temperatures. Scanning transmission electron microscopy data of a μ-Fe2O3 superlattice grown at Tsub = 700 °C confirm that there is significant diffusion of Fe atoms into β-Ga2O3 layers.
New Perspectives on Antimicrobial Agents: Tecovirimat for Treatment of Human Monkeypox Virus
Authors: DeLaurentis Clare E. , Kiser Jennifer , Zucker Jason
Published: November 2022

Tecovirimat is an antiviral drug initially developed against variola virus (VARV) to treat smallpox infection. Due to its mechanism of action, it has activity against the family of orthopoxviruses, including vaccinia and the human monkeypox virus (HMPXV).
Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Target Attainment Analyses as Support for Meropenem-Vaborbactam Dosing Regimens and Susceptibility Breakpoints
Authors: Bhavnani S. M. , Trang M. , Griffith D. C. , Lomovskaya O. , Hammel J. P. , Loutit J. S. , Cammarata S. K. , Dudley M. N. , Ambrose P. G. , Rubino C. M.
Published: November 2022

Meropenem-vaborbactam is a fixed-dose beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor with potent
in vitro
and
in vivo
activity against
Klebsiella pneumoniae
carbapenemase (KPC)-producing
Enterobacterales
. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) target attainment analyses were undertaken using population pharmacokinetic models, nonclinical PK-PD targets for efficacy,
in vitro
surveillance data, and simulation to provide support for 2 g meropenem-2 g vaborbactam every 8 h (q8h) administered as a 3-h intravenous (i.v.) infusion, and dosing regimens adjusted for patients with renal impairment.
Interspecies Formate Exchange Drives Syntrophic Growth of
Syntrophotalea carbinolica
and Methanococcus maripaludis
Authors: Day Leslie A. , Kelsey Elisa L. , Fonseca Dallas R. , Costa Kyle C.
Published: November 2022

In the environment, methane is typically generated by fermentative bacteria and methanogenic archaea working together in a process called syntrophy. Efficient exchange of small molecules like H
2
or formate is essential for growth of both organisms.
Epigenetic Changes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Alters the Aromatic Profile in Alcoholic Fermentation
Authors: Kong Yanzhuo , Olejar Kenneth J. , On Stephen L. W. , Winefield Christopher , Wescombe Philip A. , Brennan Charles S. , Hider Richard N. , Chelikani Venkata
Published: November 2022

The manuscript investigates and reports for the first time utilizing a non-GMO approach to alter the fermentation process of Pinot Noir wines. We have experimentally demonstrated that certain dietary compounds possess histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibiting activity and can alter the wine characteristics by potentially altering yeast gene transcription, which was resulted from epigenetic effects.
A Pooling Strategy for Detecting Carbapenem Resistance Genes by the Xpert Carba-R Test in Rectal Swab Specimens
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wang Qi , Zhou Chaoe , Zhang Feifei , Gao Xinghui , Tenover Fred C. , Tang Yi-Wei , Wang Hui
Published: November 2022

Rapid and accurate detection of carriers of carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPO) in hospitalized patients is critical for infection control and prevention. This study aimed to evaluate a pooling strategy for the detection of carbapenem resistance genes (CRG) in multiple specimens using the Xpert Carba-R test.
Evaluation of Knowledge Regarding the Use of Antibiotics among Pharmacy Undergraduates in Japan
Authors: Azechi Takuya , Sasano Hiroshi , Sato Kuniyoshi , Arakawa Ryutarou , Suzuki Kenichi
Published: November 2022

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat to human health. Education on antibiotics is essential for AMR prevention, and training should be provided for undergraduate pharmacy students.
Cyclic di-GMP Signaling Links Biofilm Formation and Mn(II) Oxidation in Pseudomonas resinovorans
Authors: Piazza Ainelén , Parra Lucia , Ciancio Casalini Lucila , Sisti Federico , Fernández Julieta , Malone Jacob G. , Ottado Jorgelina , Serra Diego O. , Gottig Natalia
Published: November 2022

The presence of Mn(II) in groundwater, a common source of drinking water, is a cause of water quality impairment, interfering with its disinfection, causing operation problems, and affecting human health. Purification of groundwater containing Mn(II) plays an important role in environmental and social safety.
Stress Response in Bifidobacteria
Authors: Schöpping Marie , Zeidan Ahmad A. , Franzén Carl Johan
Published: November 2022

Bifidobacteria naturally inhabit diverse environments, including the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals. Members of the genus are of considerable scientific interest due to their beneficial effects on health and, hence, their potential to be used as probiotics.
Whole-Genome Sequences of Human Monkeypox Virus Strains from Two 2022 Global Outbreak Cases in Western New York State
Authors: Howard Mondraya , Maki Joel J. , Connelly Sara , Hardy Dwight J. , Cameron Andrew
Published: November 2022

The genomes of two human monkeypox virus strains from recently reported cases in our local region that were associated with the 2022 global outbreak were sequenced. Genomes from clinical isolates provide valuable information for epidemiological tracking and analysis of strain evolution and can be especially important during the early phases of outbreaks.
Antibiotic Tolerance Indicative of Persistence Is Pervasive among Clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates and Shows Strong Condition Dependence
Authors: Geerts Nele , De Vooght Linda , Passaris Ioannis , Delputte Peter , Van den Bergh Bram , Cos Paul
Published: November 2022

S. pneumoniae
is considered a serious threat by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention because of rising antibiotic resistance. In addition to resistance, bacteria can also survive lethal antibiotic treatment by developing antibiotic tolerance, more specifically, antibiotic tolerance through persistence.
Molecular Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance of Outbreaks of Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Mastitis in Chinese Dairy Farms
Authors: Fu Shaodong , Wen Chen , Wang Zhenglei , Qiu Yawei , Zhang Yihao , Zuo Jiakun , Xu Yuanyuan , Han Xiangan , Luo Zhenhua , Chen Wei , Miao Jinfeng
Published: November 2022

K. pneumonia
is ubiquitous in nature and infects a wide range of hosts, including animals, and humans. It is one of the leading inducements of clinical mastitis (CM) in dairy cows, a prevalent and costly disease that is predominantly associated with bacterial infection.
Emergence of Extensively Drug-Resistant and Hypervirulent KL2-ST65 Klebsiella pneumoniae Harboring
bla
KPC-3
in Beijing, China
Authors: Liu Chao , Du Pengcheng , Yang Ping , Yi Juan , Lu Ming , Shen Ning
Published: November 2022

XDR-hvKp poses a great challenge to public health. ST65, a classical hvKp subtype, mostly presented with hypermucoviscosity, which restricts antimicrobial resistance acquisition.
Identification of Lysine Succinylome and Acetylome in the Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus XN108
Authors: Tan Li , Yang Yi , Shang Weilong , Hu Zhen , Peng Huagang , Li Shu , Hu Xiaomei , Rao Xiancai
Published: November 2022

Lysine succinylation (Ksucc) and acetylation (Kac) are two important protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) that regulate numerous biological functions in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. However, the functions of Ksucc and Kac in
Staphylococcus aureus
are seldom described.