bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vibration of Wind Turbine Blade Modeled as Composite Thin-Walled Closed-Section Structure
Authors: Liu Ting Rui , Ren Yong Sheng
Published: August 2010

Based on a laminated composite structure, vibration and nonlinear stall aeroelastic stability of rotor blades modeled as anisotropic thin-walled closed-section beams are systematically addressed. The analysis is applied to a laminated construction of the circumferentially asymmetric stiffness (CAS) that produces bending-bending-twist coupling. The vibration characteristics of composite beam are determined by the Galerkin Method. The unsteady aerodynamic loads and centrifugal force are integrated with the nolinear aerodynamic model to deal with aeroelastic stability analysis. The influence of some related factors, pretwisted angle, ply-angle rotational speed, and wind speed, is investigated. The paper gives methods of eigenvalue analysis and aeroelastic response, which can determine the stability of the blade forced by the nolinear aerodynamics.
Preparation and Gas Permeation of Zeolite 5A Hybrid PR/PVA Based Carbon Membranes
Authors: Zhang Bing , Meng Fan Yan , Wu Yong Hong , Fu Cheng Bi , Wang Tong Hua
Published: August 2010

Hybrid carbon membranes were prepared by adopting phenolic resin (PR) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blended polymer as precursor, and zeolite 5A as additives through pyrolysis. Thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and gas permeation technique were used to characterize the precursor and carbon membranes. The results have shown that the thermal stability of hybrid polymeric membranes is enhanced by incorporating with 5A and defect-free hybrid carbon membranes were successfully prepared. The H2 permeability of 2125.40 Barrer and the H2/N2 selectivity of 55.9 are achieved when hybrid carbon membranes were fabricated at 700 oC.
Optimization of Machining Process for Aluminum Alloy Thin-Walled Supporting Part on UG NX
Authors: Hao Yi Shu , Zhang Bao Gang , Cui Xu
Published: August 2010

According to the structural features of the supporting part, the manufacturing process plan of it is made and the fixtures are designed. The process parameters are optimized by the means of setting up multi-objective function that cover productivity, cost of production, processing efficiency; The NC Programs of supporting part are drawn with UG CAM and the machining tool-path is optimized through machining simulation.
Analysis and Research of High Speed Milling of Thin-Walled Bracket Part Based on UG NX
Authors: Hao Yi Shu , Hai Chuang , Zhu Xin Xing
Published: August 2010

Treating high speed milling theory as the guidance, this paper researched high speed milling process of bracket part based on UG NX. Combined with the structural features of bracket part, three dimensional model is built by UG NX CAD and machining processes are worked out after analysis. UG CAM module was applied to fabricate tool paths. At last, finite element analysis method is introduced to study the processing deformation by UG NX NASTRAN module, based on which measures to restrain processing deformations is advanced and processing sequences are optimized.
A Novel Immune-PSO Algorithm for Job Shop Scheduling
Authors: Hong Lu , Yang Jing
Published: August 2010

The job shop scheduling problem (JSSP) is one of the most difficult problems, as it is classified as an NP-complete one. Particle Swarm Optimization, a nature-inspired evolutionary algorithm, has been successful in solving a wide range of real-value optimization problems. However, little attempts have been made to extend it to discrete problems. In this paper, a new particle swarm optimization method based on the clonal selection algorithm is proposed to avoid premature convergence and guarantee the diversity of the population. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm is highly competitive, being able to produce better solutions than GA and CLONALG in several cases, and is a viable alternative for solving efficiently job shop scheduling problem.
Synthesis of Amphoteric Phosphate Ester Surfactant by Polyphosphoric Acid and Its Application in Free-Chrome Collagen Fiber
Authors: Ren Long Fang , Wang Xue Chuan , Qiang Tao Tao , An Hua Rui
Published: August 2010

In order to avoid using P2O5 as phosphorylation reagent in phosphorylation reaction, an amphoteric phosphate ester surfactant was synthesized by using polyphosphate acid as phosphorylation reagent. The phosphorylation reaction studies confirmed the best condition was molar ratio of hydroxyl and P2O5 of 3.0:1.0, reaction temperature of 80°C and reaction time of 5.5h. The content of monoalkyl phosphate (MAP) and the conversion rate reached to 89.3% and 97.2%, respectively. The production of MAP product was increased by 15% than that of obtained by P2O5 as phosphorylation reagent. The structure of the phosphate ester surfactant was characterized by FTIR. The surface tension of phosphate ester surfactant was better than that of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The application results indicated the leather oiled by the amphoteric phosphate surfactant was softer and than that treated by L-3 fatliquor.
Research on the Rough Cut of Heavy Pressure Vessels
Authors: Li Xu , He Geng Huang , Hong Bin Du , Zhao Hui Cai
Published: August 2010

The blank of heavy pressure vessel is forged directly, so its machined surface is very terrible. Because of its very large size and weight, it costs very much time and expenses cost, lots of tools and activity float to turn it during the period of rough machining. This paper describes the machining characteristic of the machining difficult points of heavy pressure vessel in China. Through analyzing the processing difficulties and utilizing the methods of experimentation and manufacture, it discussed on the choice of cutting parameters, tool structure and the optimization of tool material and so on. Then the effective measures of rough machining efficiency were constituted. Last, the processing plan which is summarized turns into the guidance of the heavy pressure vessel in actual production period.
Preparation and Characterization of Negatively Charged Polysulfone Hollow Fiber Membrane by UV-Photografting Polymerization of AMPS
Authors: Wang Xiao Lei , Wei Jun Fu , Yang Yan Ming , Zhang Huan , Shi Guo Yang
Published: August 2010

Polysulfone (PSf) hollow fiber ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were surface-modified by the UV-induced graft polymerization of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS). Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were employed to characterize the structural and morphological changes on the membrane surface. Water contact angle of PSf-g-AMPS membrane surface decreased to 15.45° when AMPS concentration was 2 wt.%, which was nearly 35° lower than that of the unmodified membrane. The results of streaming potential measurement at different pressures implied the negatively charged characteristic of the PSf-g-AMPS membrane. The flux of PSf-g-AMPS membrane increased about 60% as compared to original PSf membrane and the rejection of heparin sodium for PSf-g-AMPS membrane achieved 78%, which was about 4 times that of PSf membrane at 0.04 MPa.
Fault Diagnosis of Rotating Machinery Based on Local Wave Decomposition and Independent Component
Authors: Wang Feng Li , Zhao De You
Published: August 2010

Local rub-impact is common faults in rotating machinery and results in impact and friction between rotor and stator. The vibration signals due to impact and friction are always non-stationary which includes the rub-impact signal, the background signal and the noise signal. Local wave decomposition (LWD) is based upon the local characteristic time scale of signal and could decompose the complicated signal into a number of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). However, because the weak rub-impact signal is always submerged in the background and noise signals. The LWD procedure would generate the components redundancy. In order to solve the problem, a novel method combining with independent component analysis (ICA) and LWD is proposed. ICA was introduced into LWD, so that the components are orthogonal to each other and the components redundancy can be removed. In the end, a much better decomposition performances can be obtained. Experimental analysis results show that the proposed method is accurate and efficient.
Corrosion Properties of 20# Pipelines Steel in Near-Neutral Soils
Authors: Wang Wen He , Yi Jun , Shen Shi Ming
Published: August 2010

Corrosion law and mechanism of 20# low-carbon steel in near-neutral soil along Yangtze River in Nanjing are studied by experiments of buried specimens in laboratory. In three kinds of soils, the corrosion features and products are analyzed by EDS and XRD, and the relation of corrosion rates, open-circuit potential and polarization curve with times are tested. The results indicated that corrosion rates changed incessantly along. On the condition of the same times, specimens and different soil samples, the corrosive degree of 1# and 2# specimens are serious, but 3# specimen is serious lightly. The corrosion products are main non-crystalloid, Fe (OH) 3 and Fe2O3.The changing tendency of different times and soils is different, and accordant with that of corrosion rates. The corrosion mechanism is discussed lastly, in near-neutral soils, oxygen is deoxidized and OH- ions are created in cathode area, iron is oxidized and the hydration of Fe2+ ions is created with water from soil in anode area, and Fe2+ are converted into more steady products Fe（OH）3 and Fe2O3.
The Characterization of Orthogonal Affine Bivariate Pseudoframes
Authors: Chen Qing Jiang , Lin Fang
Published: August 2010

The frame theory has been one of powerful tools for researching into wavelets. The notion of the bivariate generalized multiresolution structure (BGMS) is presented. The concepts of Bessel sequences and orthogonal bivariate pseudoframes are introduced. Two Bessel sequences are said to be orthogonal ones if the composition of synthesis operator of one sequence with the analysis operator of the other is the zero-operator. It is characterized that when two Bessel sequences are orthogonal while the Bessel sequences possess the form of translates of a finite number of bivariate functions in . A constructive method for affine frames of based on a BGMS is established.
Effects of Sintering Temperature on the Structure and Conductivity of LiSn2P3O12 Prepared by Mechanical Milling Method
Authors: Norhaniza R. , Subban Ri Hanum Yahaya , Mohamed Nor Sabirin
Published: August 2010

LiSn2P3O12 has been prepared using mechanochemical milling method and sintered at 700 °C, 800 °C, 900 °C and 1000 °C for 8 hours. All samples sintered up to 900 °C show a rhombohedral structure. However, the sample sintered at 1000 °C possessed a monoclinic structure. This is attributed to the rotation of skeleton LiSn2P3O12 as indicated by the change in the a and c parameters of the sample. The sample sintered at 700 °C shows the highest bulk conductivity of 1.65 × 10-6 S cm-1 and the lowest bulk activation energy of 0.09 eV. The grain boundary activation energy of the samples decreases with increase in sintering temperature due to enhancement in grain contacts.
Experimental Investigation on the Multiple Jets from a Single Droplet by Electrospinning
Authors: Liu Cheng Kun , Chen Mei Yu , Sun Run Jun , Zhang Wei Hua , Zhang Zhao Huan , Yao Mu
Published: August 2010

In electrospinning, outlook of fibrous assembly changes not only with the variation of collecting setups, but with the electrospinning process. For example, formation of multiple jets on a single droplet at special electrospinning conditions can produce several regions of fibrous webs simultaneously, which is bound to bring a great increase of production of nanofibers. The initiation method of multiple jets during electrospinning was derived through an experimental investigation by means of a high-speed camera, which was used to obtain the information of the shape change of a droplet along with process conditions, such as solution concentration, voltage and flow rate. Results showed that multiple jets could be initiated in a controlled manner when droplets experienced several cycles of dripping at relatively high voltages and flow rates in a certain concentration range. An interesting phenomenon of the auto-initiation of double jets was further observed in our experiment.
Fiber Winding Precision Tension Fuzzy Control System
Authors: Ren Sheng Le , Lai Yi Nan , Wang Yong Zhang , Lu Hua , Dai Ye
Published: August 2010

Winding molding is a commonly-used molding method for composite fiber materials. In this method, the fiber winding tension control is a key technique in fiber winding since the winding tension directly affects the quality of winded products. Here designed is a closed-loop tension control system, equipped with the PLC as the main controller, the industrial control computer as the upper-host, the alternating numeric servo-electromotor and air cylinder as the actuators, and with the angle sensor of real time feedback filament tension change is designed. Presented below is Fuzzy-PID control algorithm, which combines the advantages of PID and fuzzy control by adopting the theory of adapt fuzzy control in big error range and adapt PID control in small error range. Experimental results prove that the principle of the design scheme is right with tension deviation less than 4 pers, response time about 0.4s and thus meeting the requirements of the system well.
Study on Heat Release Behavior of Cunninghamia lanceolata Biomass by TD-GC-MS
Authors: Ma Qing Zhi , Zhang Dang Quan , Liu Qi Mei , Peng Wan Xi
Published: August 2010

Cunninghamia lanceolata has been the dominated species of plantation forest in South China. And thermoplasticization can decreases the hydroscopicity to increase the additional value of Cunninghamia lanceolata biomass. However, many heat release volatiles would produce air pollution during thermoplasticization process. Therefore, the heat release behavior of Cunninghamia lanceolata biomass was studied by TD-GC/MS to make full use of and prevent the pollution of the volatile materials. The main constituents were cedrol(34.34%), phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)( 11.49%), acetic acid(6.83%), carbon disulfide(3.1%), etc at 150°С. And the main constituents were acetic acid(20.22%), cedrol(17.20%), 1h-3a,7-methanoazulene, 2,3,4,7,8, 8a-hexahydro-3,6,8,8-tetramethyl-(3.58%), benzofuran, 2,3-dihydro-(3.26%), etc at 180°С. The heat release volatiles of Cunninghamia lanceolata biomass might be used as raw materials of bioenergy, rare biomedicines, and so on. Particularly, the volatiles had good application prospects and popularized value in purification of cedrol and acetic acid.
Shrinkage of Full-Scale Girders Cast with Self-Consolidating Concrete
Authors: Wu Jian Long , Khayat Kamal Henri , Xing Feng
Published: August 2010

Shrinkage can be critical factor for the design of structural members due to the length changes by the time-dependent deformation. In this investigation, two self-consolidating concrete (SCC) and two high-performance concrete (HPC) mixtures with target 56-day compressive strengths of 55 and 69 MPa and having 18-hour release strengths of 34.5 MPa and 43 MPa, respectively, were used to cast four full-scale AASHTO-Type II girders measuring 9.44-m in length. For each strength level, the SCC and HPC mixtures were proportioned with the same water-to-cementitious materials ratio (w/cm) and binder type. The high-range water-reducing admixture (HRWRA) dosage was adjusted to obtain a slump flow of 680 ± 20 mm for the SCC mixtures and a slump of 160 ± 20 mm for the HPC mixtures. The constructability and shrinkage of full-scale girders cast with SCC and HPC mixtures used in precast prestressed girders were investigated and compared. Results of tests on full-scale girders indicated that, SCC placement was successfully carried out by casting the concrete from location at the midspan of the 9.44-m long girders. Both HPC and SCC mixtures developed similar autogenous shrinkage for the mixtures made with the similar w/cm; the two SCC mixtures developed about 20% greater drying shrinkage than the comparable HPC mixtures after 112 days of drying.
Effect of Dies Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Hot Stamping Square-Cup Part for Ultra High Strength Steel
Authors: Lei Cheng Xi , Xing Zhong Wen , Fu Hong Ya
Published: August 2010

The numerical simulation of hot-stamping process was carried out for UHSS square-cup parts, and the influence of dies temperature on the hot-stamping process was anlysised. Besides, through the microstructure analysis and mechanical properties testing of the formed parts, effects of dies temperature on microstructures and mechanical properties of hot-stamping square-cup parts were obtained. The experiment and simulation results showed that the mechanical properties of the UHSS are strongly dependent on the temperature, so the dies temperature is one of the most important parameters that have to be taken into account in designing the hot-forming dies and the hot-forming process.
Study on the Process of Sheet Metal Simulation
Authors: Alfaidi Mohamed Faraj , Li Xiao Xing , Nwir Mohamed A.
Published: August 2010

One of the most recent techniques used by manufacturing companies to improve the product development process is computer simulation. Numerical simulation is an effective method for predicting formability of metals, and the use of computer simulation enables a significant increase in the number of tool designs that can be tested before hard tools are manufactured. Based on dynamic explicit finite element software, finite element simulation of sheet metal forming was performed to investigate the applicability of applying hydrostatic pressure on blank in multi point discrete dies. Simulation results show that using the hydrostatic pressure on blank is apposite for the process of multi point discrete dies.
Intelligent Control of Turbo-Expander System
Authors: Li Yao , Yang Jin Tang , Zhang Xiao Liang , Li Gong Fa , Wang Jin Hui
Published: August 2010

Expander is undertaking the important task to offer essential cold to the air separation course, that the cold produced to make air liquefy, compensate cold loss of the whole separation process. In order to guarantee the operation of the expander system safe and reliable, through analyzing to this system, adopting DCS system to configuration control, make the control of expander system simpler and more convenient, more ocular, and effective, it has certain reference function to other equipment’s control of the air separation.
Effects of Alkaline Extraction on Micro/Nano Particles of Phyllostachys pubescens Biomass
Authors: Peng Wan Xi , Wu Feng Juan , Wu Yi Qiang , Ma Qing Zhi
Published: August 2010

Bamboo forest was a dominantly ecological and sustainable economic recources. However, bamboo extractives and hemicellulose were nearly complete dissolved out in preparation of the fiber, this would result in more serious water pollution and meanwhile bring a great waste of biological resources. Thereby, In order to obtain the way to lower the negative impact of the extractives and hemicellulose, the Phyllostachys pubescens biomass was treated in alkaline solutions at room temperature and the extractives obtained was analyzed by SIZER basen on the full-factor method. The results were following as: (1) Sort of alkaline and concentration of alkaline had a significant influence on the leaching rate of particles at 0.01 level. And the optimal concentrations of KOH, NaOH, LiOH were 16.0%, 17.5% and 17.5% at 25°С, respectively. (2) Pretreatment, extraction time and sort of alkaline had no influence on the leaching rate of particles. But the benzene/ethanol pretreatment was valuable and necessary. when 16% NaOH and 17.5% KOH were used, the optimal extraction time were all 16h to untested and tested samples.
A Study on Urban Low-Carbon Landscape Construction
Authors: Qiao Li Fang , Feng Lei , Yao Lian Fang , Li Xin Zheng
Published: August 2010

The landscape industry has become one of the industries with higher resource and energy consumption, and the implementation of urban low-carbon landscape construction is of great significance to improve the ecological environment. In this study, the method of low-carbon landscape construction was studied from two aspects including the carbon source control and carbon sink, as well as both direct and indirect effect. The results showed that the low-carbon landscape construction can be controlled from five aspects including landscape planning, landscape design, low-carbon landscape technology, low-carbon landscape behavior and low-carbon policy. Through a series of low-carbon measures, carbon emissions can be controlled at a reasonable level during the urban landscape construction, which also promotes the sustainable development of urban ecological environment.
Investigation of Thermal Conductivity of Alumina/Silicone Oil Electrorheological Fluids
Authors: Wang Yi Chun , Sun Xiao Xia , Tang Xiao Rong , Wang Fa Cheng
Published: August 2010

Electrorheological (ER) fluids are new materials with good properties such as dielectric constant, dielectric loss or conductivity, which display remarkable rheological behavior, being able to convert rapidly and repeatedly from a liquid to solid when an electric field is applied or removed. In this study, suspensions of alumina (A) were prepared in silicone oil (SO). The effects of electric field strength and temperature of the suspensions on thermal conductivity were determined. Thermal conductivity measurement in different conditions was carried out via experimental instrument with high-voltage power supply and water heating device to investigate the effects of electric field strength and temperature on ER performance and thermal conductivity. The results show that the thermal conductivity is in accordance with ER properties enhanced by increasing the field strength and decreasing the temperature.
Experimental Research on Effect of Thermohydrogen Treatment on Machinability of Ti6Al4V Alloy
Authors: Chao Yu , Guo Jian Ye , Li Jing Kui , Zhang Yan Li
Published: August 2010

By turning testing workpieces of different hydrogen content Ti6Al4V alloy, measuring cutting force and surface roughness as well as observing chip morphology, the effect of hydrogen content on machinability of Ti6Al4V alloy has been studied. Results of this experiment indicate that machinability of Ti6Al4V alloy improves with increasing hydrogen content at a certain range of hydrogen content, and there is a turning point of peak value, in excess of the hydrogen value, with the hydrogen content increasing, machinability of Ti6Al4V alloy is reduced.
The Effect of Sintering Conditions on the Microstructural Parameters of Particle Composites
Authors: Islam S.H. , Al-Eshaikh M.A.
Published: August 2010

Tungsten heavy alloys are particle composites; they occupy a unique position in materials because of their combination of high density, strength and ductility. The main focus of this study was to examine the effect of sintering conditions (temperature and time) on the microstructural parameters of tungsten heavy alloys. Alloys composed of 88%, 93% and 95% wt. of tungsten and either Ni: Fe (in the ratio of 7:3) or Ni: Co (in the ratio of 7:3) were consolidated into green compacts. Samples of each of the six resulting alloys were sintered in hydrogen atmosphere at different temperatures for different sintering holding times. The microstructural parameters of both types were found to be roughly similar at each temperature and holding time. At higher sintering temperature and longer sintering holding times there was a matrix gradient and the formation of FeNi intermetallic phases at tungsten matrix interfaces. The microstructural parameters showed that the W-Ni-Co alloys may have some advantage as a result of their small tungsten grains and the lower contiguity.
The Profile and Structure Design on Trochoidal Vacuum Pump
Authors: Zhang Zhi Jun , Zhang Shi Wei , Xu Cheng Hai
Published: August 2010

Vacuum pump plays an important role in vacuum applications. The rotor and stator profile is one of the key factors for improving pump performance. In this paper, the traditional trochoidal vacuum pump that the rotor and stator profile both are trochoidal equation was introduced. The profile of trochoidal vacuum pump with two angle rotor was studied. In order to simply the design and manufacture, the rotor profile was substituted by the arc curve. The design parameter and performance was deducted on slenderness ratio. The slenderness ratio should larger than 4, otherwise the down part of the stator profile would be dent to upper. When slenderness ratio is 4, the utilization ratio of volume would be getting the maximum value, 0.5851942. The utilization ratio of volume was decreased with the slenderness ratio increased.
The Development and Application of Smart Garment Materials
Authors: Cao Li Hui , Li Ying Lin
Published: August 2010

Priority has been giving to smart garment materials in modern textile clothing industries. The definition of smart garment material can be described as the material which has the sensory capacity to the stimulation of the surroundings or the environmental elements and can make responses accordingly and meanwhile, maintain the typical features and garment functions. Sensory capacity, feedback and response are the three main elements of the smart garment material. Five relative mature and widely used smart materials, including shape memory materials, waterproof and moisture permeable materials, temperature adaptable materials, photo chromic and thermo chromic materials, and electronic materials, were thoroughly reviewed in terms of concept, theory and up-to-date applications. The aim was to give an overview to national garment designers and manufacturers in China and to explore the potential of developing smart garments for the national market.
Field Emission of Aluminum Nitride Nanocones Deposited on Titanium Substrate
Authors: Hu Ye Min , Hu Zheng , Zhang Fan , Li Ying , Zhu Ming Yuan , Wang Shi Wei
Published: August 2010

We report the preparation of quasi-arrays of aluminum nitride nanocones via chemical vapor deposition on nitriding treated titanium substrate at 800 °C through the reaction between AlCl3 vapor and NH3/N2 gas. The field emission measurement exhibits a fine electron emission with the turn-on field of 10.7 V/mm, which is quite smaller than the turn-on field of 41.3 V/μm for aluminum nitride nanocones deposited on silicon wafer in our previous works. The reduction of turn-on field is attributed to the formation of a layer of conductive tiannium nitride on titanium substrate during the nitriding treatment.
Simulation and Research on the Rheocasting Process of 7075 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Li Nan , Xing Shu Ming , Bao Pei Wei
Published: August 2010

Taking the 7075 aluminum alloy as an example, this paper did some simulation work on temperature, flow field and shrinkage porosity distribution in the rheocasting process using the simulation casting software PROCAST. Effects of the casting temperature and filling speed on casting quality as well as segregation phenomenon of solid and liquid phases were discussed in this paper. Proper ranges of casting temperature and filling speed were obtained by the simulation. Good quality parts without shrinkage porosity were obtained in validation test using the casting temperature of 622~625°C and filling speed of 40mm/s.

Rheocasting was an important forming method using semi-solid melt to manufacture metal parts directly. It was a promising trend of semi-solid forming industry which had shorter process, higher efficiency and lower energy consumption compared to SIMA method [1-4].
Rheocasting was generally applied to casting aluminum alloy but seldom to wrought aluminum alloys. The 7xxx series aluminum was generally manufactured though wrought or rolling technique to obtain dense parts with high strength. But few of them were produced directly through casting method without casting flaws[5-6].To process the 7xxx series aluminum by rheocasting method would further expand the application of wrought aluminum alloy, so it is essential to do some research on the rheocasting technique for wrought aluminum alloy. Taking the 7075 aluminum alloy as an example, this paper did some simulation work on temperature, flow field and shrinkage porosity distribution in the rheocasting process using the simulation casting software PROCAST. The effects of casting temperature and filling speed on the casting quality as well as the segregation phenomenon of solid and liquid phases were discussed in this paper. Proper ranges of casting temperature and filling speed were obtained by the simulation.
Sol-Gel Synthesis and Characterizations of LiCF3SO3-CeO2 Solid Composite Electrolytes
Authors: Dzulkurnain N.A. , Mohamed Nor Sabirin
Published: August 2010

Composite solid electrolyte systems composed of different compositions of lithium triflate (LiCF3SO3) as host, and cerium oxide (CeO2) as dispersoid were prepared using sol-gel method. The electrical, structural and morphological properties of the composite solid electrolytes were investigated using impedance spectroscopy (IS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). Maximum room temperature conductivity was obtained for the system of 60 mol % LiCF3SO3 – 40 mol % CeO2.
PID Controller Parameter Tuning Based on Iterative Learning Control
Authors: Tang Jing , Hu Yun An , Li Jing
Published: August 2010

On the basis of sufficient analysis to the characteristic of iterative learning control and PID controller parameter tuning, an idea of applying iterative learning control to PID controller parameter tuning was aroused in this paper, we choose the linear model around the character point of Roll Attitude controller as the research plant, transforming the problem of PID controller parameter tuning into the problem of open-close loop iterative learning control problem. The stability of PID controller parameter iterative learning control system and the astringency of controller parameters were verified for the first time through the construct of a compress mapping arithmetic operator, and a novel stop condition design scheme of integral type is advanced at the same time, the iterative learning of PID controller parameter was then successfully solved. The ultimate simulation study validates the correctness and the effectiveness of the theory.
A Coupling Dynamic Model for the Process of Chromium Ore Smelting Reduction in a Converter
Authors: Liu Yan , Jiang Mao Fa , Wang De Yong
Published: August 2010

Based on the mass and energy conservation, the coupling dynamic model for interfacial reaction between slag and metal was established using metallurgical thermodynamics, dynamics and reaction engineering. The different influencing factors were investigated and discussed. The results of the model show that the mass transfer of Cr2O3 in the slag phase is suggested to be rate-determining and the coke as reducing agent should be supplemented in the slag continuously. The model described and resolved the process of chromium ore smelting reduction in a converter preferably. A reference and basis on the constitution of rational processing route for a practical stainless steelmaking were provided.
Electrochemical Performance of Li3V2 (PO4)3/C Cathode Material Prepared by Soft Chemistry Route
Authors: Wang Feng , Wu Feng , Wu Chuan , Bai Ying , Wang Lian
Published: August 2010

Monoclinic Li3V2 (PO4)3/C cathode material has been synthesized by soft chemistry route and the electrochemical performance of this material was investigated. The structure of the particles was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The Li3V2 (PO4)3/C composite exhibits good cycling performance and excellent rate capabilities when cycled between 3.0 and 4.3 V. At 1C rate, the cell displays a reversible capacity of 117 mAh/g and retains 98.1 % of its initial discharge capacity after 50 cycles. At the high rate of 5C, the capacity could reach 109 mAh/g, corresponding to 93 % of that at 0.5C. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique was used to analyze the chemical diffusion coefficient of Li.
Thermal and Electrical Properties of PVDF-HFP-LiCF3SO3-ZrO2 Nanocomposite Solid Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Ibrahim Salmiah , Mohamed Nor Sabirin
Published: August 2010

ZrO2 nano sized filler of different amounts is introduced into solid polymer electrolytes of PVDF-HFP-LiCF3SO3-ZrO2. It is observed that the conductivity of the electrolytes varies with ZrO2 content and temperature. The highest room temperature conductivity achieved is in the order of 10-3 S cm-1 which is an increase of seven orders of magnitude compared to the conductivity of PVDF-HFP-LiCF3SO3 (without filler). The temperature dependent conductivity follows the Vogel Tamman Fulcher relationship which can be described by the free volume theory. Transference number measurements using DC polarization method show that the nanocomposite polymer electrolytes are ionic conductors. Differential Scanning Calorimetry results show that the degree of crystallinity is slightly affected by the addition of ZrO2 nanofiller.
Experimental Research on Stress Relaxation of Diskspring Used for Laser Optical Mounts
Authors: Yu Yi Zhong , Zhou Xiao Yu
Published: August 2010

Diskspring was used in new type of laser optical mounts for reposition. Due to stress relaxation of diskspring after long period loading, the laser optical mount’s adjusting platform would have titling drift. When a mirror mounted on the platform drifts off the collimation axial in laser resonator, it will affect the laser from normal working. Generally, a complicated laser system has many optical mounts, accumulated drift of all adjustable elements will decrease laser’s output, even lead to stop lasing. In this paper, we proposed a method that is suitable for measuring stress relaxation of precision diskspring used for laser optical mounts, comparing with normal experimental facilities for diskspring’s stress relaxation test. We use a simple optical path design, which can not only be intuition, but also measure the diskspring’s creep deformation easily with high accuracy. Comparative experimental results for the creep deformation between no prestressing, treated by 5 short terms prestressing and treated by 24 hours prestressing are given. We found that the stress relaxation amount with prestressing is 1/12 of those without prestressing, and they change directly into the stable creep deformation stage, and can be used safely. This paper also gave a instruction to optical mount manufacturer that after the optical mount are assembled, tightening adjusting screw and keeping all the disksprings in a compacted state for 24 hours, then releasing before ex-factory, this is the best way to reduce stress relaxation in diskspring and will achieve higher stability of laser.
Design of Ultrasonic Horn for Slip-Ring Metal Welding
Authors: Kim Eun Mi , Jang Ho Su , Park Dong Sam
Published: August 2010

Ultrasonic energy is spotlighted as a skill which connects detailed parts accurately and safely. So we designed the horn needed for attaching Tubular type of metal parts such as slip ring used for providing electricity for a body of rotation. We considered mainly booster’s size, slip-ring’s size, and nature frequency of horn. This design fixed the frequency given from ultrasonic metal welder as 40,000Hz, so it decided the approximate length of horn which makes maximum vibration amplitude through formula. And we designed the horn as a step shape with fillet for increasing the amplitude and decreasing stress concentration. Horn’s tip is designed 10mm length in view of the shape of slip-rings. And we calculated and analyzed the natural frequency by the modal analysis and harmonic analysis using Ansys that is analysis program. Through this study, we could examine the manufacturing possibility of the horn for ultrasonic metal welding of tubular type.
Effects of Rare Earths on the Austenite Recrystallization Behavior in X80 Pipeline Steel
Authors: Liu Hong Liang , Liu Cheng Jun , Jiang Mao Fa
Published: August 2010

In order to improve the effects of rare earths (RE) as microalloy on the recrystallization behavior in the high strength micro-alloyed steel, the X80 pipeline steels with different RE content were produced with a vacuum induction furnace, a series of hot torsion tests were performed under a range of deformation conditions, and the stress-strain curves were analyzed. The results showed that trace RE would improve the austenite recrystallization behavior. The activation energy of deformation and static recrystallization of the austenite in the X80 pipeline steel without RE additions were respectively 393 and 366 kJ/mol. When the RE addition was 0.0025 wt.%, the activation energy of deformation and static recrystallization were reduced by 33 and 29 kJ/mol respectively. But when the RE addition was increased to 0.0220 wt.%, RE would significantly inhibit the dynamic recrystallization of the austenite, the activation energy of deformation would be increased by 35 kJ/mol, but the activation energy of static recrystallization would reduce by 15 kJ/mol.
Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Preloaded Diskspring Steel in Medium Temperature Range
Authors: Zhou Xiao Yu , Zhang Da Wei , Ma Xu
Published: August 2010

Flange connections in petrochemical equipments easily leak high temperature gas or fluid. Configuration of flange with preloaded diskspring technique are introduced to solve this problem. However, the preloaded diskspring as an important role in flange is easily corroded at high temperature. Temperature fluctuation and strong corrosive circumstances would lower strength of diskspring and causes stress relaxation. Therefore, it is important to search suitable material for diskspring without reduction of strength and stress relaxation used in medium temperature range and strong corrosive circumstances. In this paper, precipitation hardening stainless steel 0Cr17Ni7Al (17-7PH) was studied systematically. Medium temperature mechanical properties are tested experimentally by electric stretch mechanical experiment setup with heater. The medium temperature elastic modulus variations are measured. The variation of elastic hysteresis curve loop area with reciprocating load-unload is measured at different temperature. Experimental results show that the elastic modulus of this material decreases only 0.1% from room temperature to 350°C. The elastic modulus remain almost unchanged at temperature below 300°C which ensure that the loading stability of diskspring does not change when temperature is changed under 300°C. It was found that the elastic hysteretic loop area can be minimized by five times loading-unloading at 300°C which ensure to decrease diskspring’s stress relaxation during long time use within medium temperature range, and it is a key basis for this type of diskspring making. Conclusion: 17-7PH is an ideal elastic material for diskspring used in medium temperature range and highly corrosion environment, and diskspring should be prestressing treated five times at 300°Cduring manufacture to decrease stress relaxation.
Analysis on Function Components and Biohealth Function of Phyllostachys heterocycla Biomass
Authors: Ma Qing Zhi , Wu¨ Feng Juan , Zhang Dang Quan , Peng Wan Xi
Published: August 2010

Phyllostachys heterocycla, who was considered to have biohealth function in folk, is becoming a major biomass in rooms. Therefore, the chemical components from Phyllostachys heterocycla were identified by TD-GC/MS at different temperature. The main function components of Phyllostachys heterocycla biomass at 40°С were 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester(21.32%), [1,1':3',1''-terphenyl]-2'-ol(9.16%), (2,3-diphenylcyclopropyl)methyl ph enyl sulfoxide, trans-(6.54%), cedrol(6.11%), bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7- trimethyl-, (1r)- (6.04%), 1,6-cyclodecadiene, 1-methyl-5-met hylene-8-(1-methylethyl)- (4.82%), 1-heptadecanamine(4.79%), propanedioic acid, methyl-, diethy l ester(4.36%), squalene(4.25%), etc. And the main function components at 60°С were1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester(14.02%), camphor(10.57%), [1,1':3',1''-terphenyl]-2'-ol(6.91%), pentanoic acid, 2-benzenmethanimin yl-5-guanidinyl-(5.68%), 1,6-cyclodecadiene, 1-methyl-5-methyl- (5.27%), cedrol(4.83%), 2-bromo-2,2-dichloroethylcarbamic acid, ethyl ester(4.56%), n-n-butylpropionamide(4.49%), bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, 6,6-dimethy l-2-methylene-, (1s)- (4.12%), etc. Phyllostachys heterocycla biomass was more healthy to human at 40°С than 60°С. So Phyllostachys heterocycla biomass was fit to use after drying.
Thermal Error Modeling and Compensating of Motorized Spindle Based on Improved Neural Network
Authors: Lei Chun Li , Rui Zhi Yuan
Published: August 2010

In a lot of factors, thermal deformation of motorized high-speed spindle is a key factor affecting the manufacturing accuracy of machine tool. In order to reduce the thermal errors, the reasons and influence factors are analyzed. A thermal error model, that considers the effect of thermodynamics and speed on the thermal deformation, is proposed by using genetic algorithm-based radial basis function neural network. The improved neural network has been trained and tested, then a thermal error compensation system based on this model is established to compensate thermal deformation. The experiment results show that there is a 79% decrease in motorized spindle errors and this model has high accuracy.
Multi-Mode Resource-Constrained Scheduling for Complex Product Design Tasks
Authors: Li Ying Zi , Zhang Shuo , Zhang Xiao Dong , Luo Le
Published: August 2010

In order to obtain the optimal scheduling plan which includes the reasonable task start time and resource allocation for complex product design project, a multi-mode resource-constrained scheduling method for complex product design tasks was proposed. In the method, human resource was separated out from the technology resource aiming at characteristics of product design process. The mathematics model was built based on the idea of multi-mode resource-constrained scheduling problem. To solve the model, designer-task-resource matching degree matrix was calculated and genetic algorithm was used. Finally, a case study was presented to validate the method.
Effect of Relative Humidity on Mechanical Properties of Birch Laminated Veneer Lumber
Authors: Xue Bing , Hu Ying Cheng , Cheng Fang Chao
Published: August 2010

Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) panels made from birch (Betula platyphylla Suk.) veneers were tested for physical and mechanical strength properties in this study. The static bending test were conducted on the LVL, and bending test and shear test were conducted on veneer and three-lamination LVL. The effects of the relative humidity on the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and bending strength (MOR) of birch LVL with vertical load and parallel load were investigated. There were four relative humidities including 40%, 50%, 60% and 70%. The results showed that the MOE and MOR of LVL would diminished with the increase of relative humidity, the bending strength of veneer sample decreased as the relative humidity increased, and there was noticeable effect of relative humidity on shear strength of PF resin.
Analyses of CMP Mechanism of NiP Substrate of Computer Hard-Disk with Alkali Slurry
Authors: Tan Bai Mei , Niu Xin Huan , Bian Na , Zhou Huan Huan , Liu Yu Ling
Published: August 2010

In this paper, the chemical character of NiP substrate of computer disk is analyzed, the CMP kinetics processing is discussed to indicate that the chemical reaction is the slowest and the control process. By analyzing essentiality of slurry on NiP film CMP, it is indicated that the chemical component of slurry acts the important role in CMP. New type of alkali slurry for NiP substrate was prepared and its CMP mechanism is studied with alkali slurry. Strong complexation of complex agent improved selectivity of concave area and convex area to get higher removal rate. Low roughness is realized with small size and low hardness silica sol as abrasive.
Effect of Relative Humidity on Reliability of Nondestructive Testing for Birch Laminated Veneer Lumber
Authors: Xue Bing , Hu Ying Cheng , Cheng Fang Chao
Published: August 2010

Three different nondestructive testing (NDT) methods and the static bending test were conducted on the Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) made from birch (Betula platyphylla Suk.) rotary-cut veneers in this study. The NDT methods included the longitudinal vibration method, in-plane and out-plane flexural vibration method. The linear regression between dynamically elastic module and bending strength (MOR) and the effects of relative humidity on the reliability of NDT methods for LVL were investigated. There were four relative humidities including 40%, 50%, 60% and 70%. The results showed that the three non-destructive testing methods can be applied to test mechanical properties of birch LVL, the theory MOR result obtained by adjusted regression equation were reliable and can be applied in the actual project.
Structure Form-Finding and Materials Lofting of Inflatable Wing
Authors: Li Jun , Zhang Shu Jie , Peng Fu Jun , Li Ai Ping
Published: August 2010

It is more difficult relatively of inflatable wing structure form-finding and molding. Baffles are the major control factors of wing aerodynamic shape maintaining. The article analyzes the limitations of span-wise baffles structure. Afterward, inflatable deformation of chord-wise baffles structure has been analyzed, applying finite element method, the lofting size of the baffles material has been calculated, and the inflatable wing molding technology has been identified according the principle of aerodynamic shape accuracy – the lightest weight.
Analysis on Health Risk of Volatile Organic Compounds of Poplar Composite Biomaterial by GC-MS
Authors: Peng Wan Xi , Wang Lan Sheng , Wu Qing Ding , Xiang Shi Long
Published: August 2010

Poplar composite biomaterial, which self bonded under high temperature and pressure, is a new indoors materials. In order to evaluate its potential health risk to human settlements, the volatile organic compounds of poplar composite biomaterial were adsorbed and determined by TD-GC-MS. The result were: (1) The main constituents of volatiles at 40°С were acetic acid(50.6%), 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester(8.48%), [1,1':3',1''-terphenyl]-2'-ol(3.98%), 1,2-propanediol, 3-benzyloxy-1,2-d iacetyl-(3.12%), etc. (2) The main constituents of volatiles at 60°С were acetic acid(46.7%), 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester(7.93%), cedrol(5.53%), butane, 1-(benzyloxy)-2-[(benzylox y)methyl]- (5.43%), [1,1':3',1''-terphenyl]- 2'-ol(3.72%), 1-propene, 3-(2-cyclopentenyl)-2-m ethyl-1,1- diphenyl-(3.18%), etc. Generally, the poplar composite biomaterial was safe under 40-60°С.
An Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Based on Cloud Model
Authors: Zhu Jin Rong
Published: August 2010

In this paper, an adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm based on cloud model (C-APSO) is proposed. In the suggested method, the velocities of the all particles are adjusted based on the strategy that a particle whose fitness value is nearer to the optimal particle will fly with smaller velocity. Considering the properties of randomness and stable tendency of a normal cloud model, a Y-conditional normal cloud generator is used to gain the inertial factors of the particles. The simulations of function optimization show that the proposed method has advantage of global convergence property and can effectively alleviate the problem of premature convergence.