bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Native plants for erosion control in urban river slopes .
Authors: Alvarado Virginia , Romero Marilyn , Bermúdez Tania , Piedra Lilliana
Published: September 2021

Mechanical and structural erosion of soils is produced by the loss of the vegetal cover and the action of rain on unprotected surfaces. Raindrop impact, transport and sediment deposition leads to landslides and slope instability and soil loss. In Costa Rica, water bodies have been negatively impacted by urban development and both water resources and soils have become more vulnerable. This is the case of the Pirro river micro watershed where riverbed vegetation has been replaced by constructions producing erosion problems in its slopes. In order to evaluate how native plants favor sediment control and prevent this sediment from been deposited in the river, eight experimental plots were installed. Four treatments were established: A (Costus pulverulentus Presl), B (Heliconia tortuosa (Griggs) Standl.), C (Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash) and D (control). Sediments were collected weekly during the rainy and transitional seasons. A clear relation between rainfall intensity and sediment production was determined, particularly for intensities higher than 50 mm h-1. Significant differences were also determined between the treatments and the efficiency order was B >A > C >D, with the native plants being the most efficient in terms of sediment control. The use of native plants is recommended for the management and rehabilitation of slopes near urban rivers due to their ecological value and their capability for sediment control.
What does the future hold for soil science?
Authors: Díaz-Fierros Viqueira Francisco
Published: September 2021

In the last decade many authors have talked about a crisis in soil science, manifested by the disappearance of the term “soil” in many research organizations, cuts in funding and a loss of “visibility” of pedological studies. Nonetheless, the crisis is considered to have started in the 1980s, during the so-called “environmental wave” described by Bouma and Hartemink (2002). The causes of the crisis may include competition from other specialists for soil-related studies, superspecialization and a decline in field studies. Proposed solutions to the crisis include a return to the holistic study of soil systems, collaborative research with specialists from other fields and the consideration of studies within wider contexts such as those defined by the “critical zone” proposed by Lin (2005). Finally, the need for soil studies to appear in the media is emphasized, along with the possibility that in some countries soil research teams and structures may even disappear.
Fe and Al leaching in soils under laboratory-controlled burns
Authors: Cancelo-González Javier , Prieto Diego M. , Díaz-Fierros Francisco , Barral María Teresa
Published: September 2021

The influence of the severity of soil heating on aluminium and iron leaching was analysed, as well as its relationship with the solubility of organic matter. For this purpose, laboratory experiments were carried out under microcosm conditions where unaltered soil blocks were submitted to thermal shock and subsequently to rainfall simulation (300 mm), collecting the surface (0 cm) and subsurface runoff (12 cm). Soil heating was carried out using infrared lamps reaching temperatures of 222 and 401 ºC at a depth of 1 cm, similar to those reached in moderate and high intensity fires respectively. The analysis of the drainage waters showed that the leaching of Al increased with the severity of the thermal shock, whereas for Fe perceptible effects were only seen at the highest temperature. Geochemical modelling with Visual MINTEQ indicated that Al and Fe were fundamentally mobilised and associated with dissolved organic matter. Weak interactions (electrostatic binding) predominated in the case of Al and strong interactions (bidentate complexes with dissolved organic matter) in the case of Fe. Only towards the end of the leaching experiment, when the concentration of dissolved organic carbon decreased, was there a perceptible mobility of Al and Fe in the inorganic form, in the subsurface leachate of the moderate temperature treatment.
Impact of thermal shock on forest soils affected by fires of different severity and recurrence
Authors: Lombao Alba , Barreiro Ana , Cancelo-González Javier , Martín Ángela , Díaz-Raviña Montserrat
Published: September 2021

Thermal treatments in the laboratory were conducted using unburned and burned samples of two soils affected by low- or high severity fires in order to study their impact on forests ecosystems with different fire regimes (severity, recurrence). Soils samples were heated in a furnace for 15 minutes at 50 ºC, 75 ºC, 100 ºC, 125 ºC, 150 ºC, 175 ºC, 200 ºC and 300 ºC to simulate different fire intensities; the process was repeated after a 1 month incubation of the burned, rewetted samples in order to simulate fire recurrence. The soil temperature was measured with thermocouples at the surface and 1 cm depth. The maximum temperature reached (Tmax) and the amount of heat supplied to the samples (degree-hour, DH) were calculated from the temperature-time curves. A total of 128 temperature-time curves (4 soil field samples x 8 heating temperatures x 2 depths x 2 successive heat treatments) were analyzed and the estimation of several soil physical and chemical properties (color, moisture content, pH, total C, total N, soluble C) was carried out in the different soil treatments. High-severity burning provoked significant changes on these physical and chemical properties, whereas slight modifications or even no changes were due to low-severity burning or soil heating under laboratory conditions. The thermal properties exhibited a higher sensitivity for the detection of the fire regime impact than the physical and chemical properties. The results showed that the temperature-time curves and derived parameters (slope, Tmax, DH) can be successfully used to quantify the impact of thermal shocks at low and high temperatures and to evaluate the effect of fire/heating recurrence on forests ecosystems.
The influence of heating temperature on the physical and chemical properties of soils with different parent materials and anthropogenic uses
Authors: Sacchi Gabriela , Campitelli Paola , Soria Patricia , Ceppi Silvia
Published: September 2021

Although natural and controlled fires are common in natural environments of the Province of Córdoba (Argentina), the effects on the physical and chemical soil properties are not well known. Warming effects were studied in two representative soil parent materials located in the piedmont of the Sierra Chica, Córdoba, Argentina. The aim of this study was to quantify the changes caused by different heating temperatures (100 °C and 500 °C), under laboratory conditions, on physical and chemical properties of two soils with different granulometric compositions and anthropic uses. The soils were classified as Udic Haplustoll, fine loamy (alluvial soils) and Udic Argiustoll, fine silty (loessoides soils). The depth analyzed corresponded to the upper 5 cm of the surface horizon. The physical property was granulometric composition (clay, silt and sand content) and the chemical properties: pH, oxidizable carbon (Cox), total nitrogen (Nt), cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable cations (Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, K+), extractable phosphorus (Pe) and electrical conductivity (EC). These analyses included both unheated samples (control) and those heated at different temperatures. Cox, pH, EC and CEC showed similar behavior at the different heating temperatures, despite the parent materials and the soil use conditions. Cox, pH, Nt and CEC could statistically explain the differences in edaphic properties at the temperatures analyzed. At 300 °C statistically significant differences were recorded for the analyzed soil parameters, and at 500 °C changes difficult to reverse due to the inorganic colloidal fraction collapse and the decrease (90%) of the organic fraction were found.
Sensitivity of soil biological indicators in an Argiudoll from the Argentinean Pampas
Authors: Ferreras Laura Alejandra , Toresani Silvia María Inés , Faggioli Valeria Soledad , Galarza Carlos Martín
Published: September 2021

The maintenance of soil quality and crop productivity is an important goal for modern agriculture. Soil tillage systems that improve the soil organic carbon and also favor the survival and activity of soil microorganisms could contribute to the sustainability of agricultural systems. The aim of the work was to assess the changes produced by different management practices (tillage systems and cover crop) on soil biological parameters in order to evaluate their capacity as sensitive soil quality indicators. The trial was carried out at the Agriculture Experimental Station INTA Marcos Juárez (Province of Cordoba-Argentina), with different soil management techniques. Soil organic carbon (OC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), soil enzyme activities (acid phosphatase, dehydrogenase and urease) and metabolic quotient (qCO2) were determined on soil samples (0-7.5 cm sampling depth) at six sampling times. The management techniques were: combined tillage (CL), no-tillage (NT) and no-tillage with cover crop (NTCC). An old pasture that has not been tilled since 1993  was also sampled as a reference (R). Soil organic carbon, MBC and soil enzyme activities were higher in the undisturbed soil (R) than in the cropped plots (p < 0.05), while the qCO2 was significantly lower. The OC decrease was 39.2%, 35.1% and 29.1% for CL, NT and NTCC, respectively. The CL treatment showed lower MCB values (between 50% and 67%) than those found in NTCC. Metabolic efficiency was significantly higher in NTCC than in CL (qCO2 was 32% lower). A lower enzymatic activity (acid phosphatase, urease and dehydrogenase) was found in CL with respect to NTCC (p < 0.05). Soil enzymes were positively correlated with MBC, and OC with MBC. Multivariate data analysis allowed group treatments and a summary variable was obtained that could be interpreted as a simple index of soil quality. The OC was not a sensitive indicator to differentiate management systems. However, it was sensitive enough to detect changes between R with respect the other treatments. Instead, biological parameters allowed for differentiation of effect of different management, identifying the system NTCC as the greatest contributor to the sustainability and biological soil conservation. Microbial biomass carbon is suggested as a sensitive indicator since it is related to various soil functions. Also, the metabolic quotient (qCO2) has proved to be a suitable indicator because it determines the metabolic efficiency of the microbial population through the relation between basal respiration per unit of MBC.
Cd2+, Cu2+, and Pb2+ sorption, desorption and migration in Fluvisols
Authors: Arenas-Lago Daniel , Rodríguez-Seijo Andrés , Cerqueira Cancelo Beatriz , Andrade Couce María Luisa , Alonso Vega Flora
Published: September 2021

The aim of this work was to assess and compare the mono and bimetallic Cd2+, Cu2+ and Pb2+ sorption and desorption capacities as well as the sorption hysteresis in two different types of Fluvisols. The migration of cations through the profiles was evaluated, along with the dependence on soil properties of mono and bimetallic Cd2+, Cu2+ and Pb2+ fixation, hysteresis and mobility. Sorption irreversibility and migration of the studied cations through the profiles were evaluated, by means of hysteresis and migration indexes calculated from retention capacity values (Kr) proposed and validated in a previous work. The results showed that the sorption and retention capacities of the A horizons were higher than those of C and that the individual sorption and retention capacities were greater than the competitive capacities. The highest values of sorption and retention capacities were those for Pb2+, followed by Cu2+ and Cd2+. Mn oxides, organic matter and, consequently, ECEC were the components and properties that most highly influenced Pb2+ monometal and competitive sorption and retention. Cd2+ did not interfere with Pb2+ or Cu2+ sorption and retention. Organic matter content was only correlated with the sorption hysteresis of Pb2+, in accordance with the high Pb2+fixation capacity of in this component and its lower capacity to retain Cu2+ and Cd2+. Tidalic Fluvisols retained only 0.4 and 0.2% of added Cd2+ when competing with Cu2+ and Pb2+, respectively. However, more than 60% of the added Pb2+, and over 47% of the added Cu2+ were retained. The Pb2+ retained in competition with Cu2+ was 98.2 in TF and 47% in the Umbric Fluvisol, whereas the retained Cu2+ was 93.8 and 29.9% respectively. These retention and Cd2+ mobility indicated that there is a possibility of heavy metals transferring to subsurface waters and, through these, of contamination and even of these metals entering the food chain.
Improvements in aggregate stability of sediments supplemented with tea waste and farmyard manure
Authors: Turgut Bülent , Köse Bahtiyar
Published: September 2021

The influence of organic matter amendments on soil aggregate stability is well known, but the corresponding changes in recently deposited sediment are not well documented. In this study, improvements in aggregate stability of recently deposited sediment (RDS) supplemented with farmyard manure (FYM) and tea waste (TW) were evaluated during an 18-week incubation period under controlled conditions. FYM and TW were applied to RDS at different rates (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15% w/w), and aggregate stability was determined at different times of incubation (2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 14th, and 18th weeks) using wet sieving analysis. The results showed that the aggregate stability of RDS treated with TW was statistically significantly higher than those of samples treated with FYM. Aggregate stability increased with increasing rates of both FYM and TW. Aggregate stability reached the highest value at the end of the second week in FYM treated samples, and declined within the following incubation period. However, in the samples treated with TW, aggregate stability reached the highest value at the end of the eighth week. Since the results of this study clearly indicated that tea waste and farmyard manure input significantly increased the aggregate stability of RDS, it is suggested that TW and FYM could be used for structural stabilization of degraded soils.
Study of the nutritional dynamic in olive leaves: periods of analytical stability
Authors: Nieto Juana , García-Fuentes Antonio , García Llenalia M. , Fernández-Ondoño Emilia
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study was to establish the evolution curves of macro- and micro-nutrients in olive leaves and the periods of time in which they are statistically stable and can be considered suitable for a nutritional diagnosis. The study was carried out in two farms of the province of Jaén (Andalucia, Southern Spain), with olive trees of the Picual variety, under an irrigation regime and no nutritional deficiencies over the entire year. The evolution curves of each nutrient had great similarities when comparing between farms and between periods. Only in some periods the farm “Poco Humo” had higher concentrations, probably due to the most favorable edaphic characteristics of this farm. Nitrogen and phosphorus showed minimum concentrations when the leaves were young and when they were one year old, and maximum concentrations during the winter. Potassium and boron showed higher concentrations when the leaves were young, and the concentrations decreased throughout the first year of life. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium and manganese had the opposite behavior: these accumulated in leaf until reaching maximum values in winter and then remained stable, with some oscillations but without statistically significant differences. No changes were observed in the zinc concentrations in the sampled periods. Periods of at least two consecutive months without statistically significant differences were found during the winter period for all elements except nitrogen. Analytical stability was observed from the second fortnight of May till the first fortnight of August for all elements except phosphorus and boron.
Estimation of fertility in volcanic soils (Tenerife, Spain) on winter wheat using remote sensing and GIS
Authors: Hernández González María Mercedes , Francisco-Bethencourt Desiderio Alberto
Published: September 2021

The production of potatoes and cereals in Tenerife (Spain) is concentrated in the middle zone of the island. The system of traditional agricultural production is based on the rotation of potatoes with winter wheat in dry conditions. To increase the productivity of these crops, it is necessary to know the availability and distribution pattern of the nutrients, in order to measure the factors that contribute to determine the predictive rate of fertility levels. The objective of this study is to determine the quantitative characteristics, relations and parameters of the fertility model, using predictive variables estimated by Landsat-8 OLI satellite images and field data for specific conditions of the soils analyzed. The results allow the establishment of a multiple linear regression model to estimate fertility, depending on pH, aluminum and boron variables. Auxiliary geographical information is presented with the distribution of pH, aluminum and boron. Using analytical tools (overlay) of Geographic Information Systems, a digital map of the fertility ranges (adequate, limited, conditioned and unfit) was developed. The study reveals that 57% of the surface has soil with limited fertility. These maps can be used in future inspection of soils and in agricultural management.
Methodology for edaphoclimatic assessment of olive cultivation: Application to the area of the quality mark “Olive Oil Madrid” (Spain)OLIVE OIL MADRID” (SPAIN)
Authors: Bienes Ramón , Rodríguez Rastrero Manuel , Gumuzzio Fernández José , García-Díaz Andrés , Sastre Blanca Esther , Gumuzzio Such Ángela
Published: September 2021

The present work proposes a methodology to select the most suitable areas for olive cultivation under rainfed conditions in the Madrid Region (Central Spain). This methodology is based on an analysis of the significant edaphoclimatic parameters that characterize the study region matched with the crop requirements of the olive tree, in the framework of the Land Suitability Classification system. A key component of the proposed methodology is the selection and rating of edaphic and climatic parameters as limitations associated with olive crop requirements in rainfed conditions. The climatic parameters considered are: average temperature of the absolute minimum of the coldest month (during dormancy and growth periods), average temperature of the minimum in the phenological stages of flowering, growth and ripening, mean relative humidity in spring and autumn, and average annual sunshine hours. The edaphic parameters considered (both extrinsic and intrinsic to soil profiles) include: slope, stoniness and rockiness, drainage, presence of perched water table, infiltration rate, effective depth, available water retention capacity (AWC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, base saturation, active lime, salinity, Ca/K antagonism and organic matter content. For each of these parameters, five levels of severity have been established, from "very unfavorable" (excluded) to "very favorable" (optimal), establishing specific limits within each of these ranges to compare them with the requirements of olive trees. The final phase of the evaluation is the allocation of Suitability Categories to certain areas of interest for olive growing, established according to soil and climate criteria, on the basis of Land Mapping Units defined on the studied territory. The interest of an edaphoclimatic assessment in this geographical area lies in its marginal location with respect to the main olive groves in the Iberian Peninsula, and in the variety of existing climatic and edaphic conditions, some of them generally considered as limiting the cultivation of the olive grove, as well as in an evident current expansion of this crop. The most relevant edaphic limitations derive especially from a low available water capacity, and locally, by factors such as acid pH, Ca/K antagonism or high active lime. The exclusionary limitations derive, to a great extent, from climatic characteristics, associated with low temperatures combined with high relative air humidity. This methodology is expected to serve as a basis for the delimitation of new areas on which the implantation of the olive grove may be foreseen within a period, like the present one, of remarkable expansion of this crop.
Evaluation of salinization and sodification in irrigated areas with limited soil data: Case study in southern Portugal
Authors: Alexandre Carlos , Borralho Teresa , Durão Anabela
Published: September 2021

Due to its high land productivity, irrigated agriculture has an increasing role in food production. In the Alentejo region (southern Portugal) the irrigated area has grown since the completion of the Alqueva dam in 2002. Climatic change patterns foreseen for the Mediterranean region (more heat extremes, less precipitation and river flow, increasing risk of droughts and decrease in crop yields) are prone to soil salinization and sodification in irrigated areas in the region. The Roxo dam has some of the higher records of water salinity and sodicity in Portugal, which makes the Roxo irrigated area (RIA) a very interesting case study. This paper aimed at two main objectives for the RIA: (i) evaluate soil salinization and sodification, and make spatial predictions of soils susceptibility to these degradation types; (ii) monitor current salinity and sodicity of the water, and simulate the effect of empirical based scenarios of water salinity and sodicity. The RIA (8250 ha) extends ~20 km along the Roxo river (northern Aljustrel), in Cenozoic sedimentary formations. Main soils mapped are: Luvisols (~40%), Fluvisols and Regosols (~20%), Gleysols and Planosols (~20%) and Vertisols (~10%). However, there are only five soil profiles with detailed analytical data from a more recent soil survey with 83 profile descriptions in the RIA and surrounding area. Irrigation water of the Roxo dam and drainage water of the Roxo river were monitored almost monthly during Jul/2014-Nov/2015 and Jun/2016-Jan/2017, for determination of electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and other parameters. Soil salinity was not a significant problem in the RIA but a potential abundance of sodic soils was found that need future confirmation. A qualitative soil salinity index applied to the RIA suggests that soils most susceptible to salinity occur to a much smaller extent when this index is obtained from the soil profile data (approach B) than when it is based on information of the soil map (approach A). During the monitoring periods, both the water of the Roxo dam and of the Roxo river were slight to moderate saline for crop growth, with no restrictions for soil infiltration. The Roxo dam received water from the Alqueva dam for the first time between June and September 2016, and a small, though regular, decrease of the water EC (0.99 to 0.76 dS m-1) was observed during the same period. Three scenarios of irrigation water, identified by Low/High EC-SAR (L-L, H-H, L-H) were simulated with the Watsuit model. Low EC water (L-L and L-H) represent wet years and show no risk of soil salinity in the rootzone. However, the risk of waterlogging increases in sodic soils, especially with the scenario (L-H). High EC water (H-H) represents dryer years and results in severe saline conditions in the rootzone. In all three scenarios, prosodic and sodic soils are most sensible to degradation by salinization, sodification or both.
Micropedology to reveal pedogenetic processes in Technosols
Authors: Watteau Françoise , Huot Hermine , Séré Geoffroy , Begin Jean Claude , Rees Frederic , Schwartz Christophe , Morel Jean Louis
Published: September 2021

Technosols are characterized by the presence of mineral and organic parent materials of technogenic origin (e.g. agricultural or urban wastes, industrial by-products, building materials, transported natural materials). In view of the continual increase of such man-made soils, there is a true need of understanding their functioning and evolution. Micropedology, i.e. morphological and analytical characterization of pedofeatures on soil sections, appears as a relevant approach to take into account the diversity and the specificity of Technosols in the knowledge of their pedogenetic processes. Micropedology was investigated at microscopic and submicroscopic scale on four Technosols. Therefore, it determined specific features of anthropogenic constituents allowing in situ monitoring until the early stages of Technosol pedogenesis. Organic matter dynamics, soil porosity evolution, impact of faunal activity or hydric conditions on Technosol structure were investigated. Moreover, as Technosol components and deposition modes are diverse, one can expect numerous interfaces. In that way, micropedology appeared particularly well adapted to study these local interfaces as sites of favoured pedogenesis. Supplemented with overall physico-chemical soil analyses, characterization of Technosol pedogenic features using micropedology improves the understanding of their functioning and evolution. In addition, according to the environmental context, such data also give useful information for the Technosol management.
Pedosedimentary records of Holocene paleoenvironments in a dryland alluvial fan system in Sonora, NW-Mexico
Authors: Ibarra Arzave Georgina , Solleiro-Rebolledo Elizabeth , Ayala Emmanuel , Cabadas Héctor , López-Martínez Rafael
Published: September 2021

In this work we present a detailed micromorphological analysis of a sequence of palaeosols and sedimentary units at La Playa archaeological site. This sequence is from the Late Pleistocene (Marine Isotopic Stage 2) to the Late Holocene. Complementing the micromorphological study, a geomorphological analysis is provided, in order to establish the origin of the landscape units. The results show that according to the geomorphology, La Playa constitutes an alluvial fan, formed by a complex, braided channel. The older unit, the San Rafael Palaeosol (SRP) is the most developed and has a set of features associated with the changing paleoenvironmental conditions such as weathering of the primary minerals, clay illuviation (evidencing humid conditions of the Terminal Pleistocene), pedogenic carbonate accumulation in the A horizon (related to dry environments of Altithermal). The SRP is buried by fluvial sediments, which include different facies interpreted as: floodplain, sandbars, and channels. These sedimentation events are associated with the end of the Altithermal period and evidence more active geomorphic processes, probably due to strong storms causing flooding and the migration of the main tributary. Above the sedimentary unit, the Boquillas Palaeosol (BOP), formed during the Late Holocene, is derived from fluvial-alluvial deposits causing a syn-sedimentary soil, with a more incipient development as indicated by micromorphological features.
Conceptual Technologies of Application of Coaching Technology in Public Administration
Authors:   Military Institute of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Surzhyk Maria
Published: September 2021

The article reveals the concept of coaching as an innovative technology of public administration. The technology is based on a democratic leadership style, formed by systematic thinking and a somewhat organized technique of questions, which ultimately focuses on the prospect of positive change and optimization of production relations, based on cooperation and feedback. The global goal of coaching in public administration is defined, which provides constant updating of skills of managerial competence and successful leadership through the formation of worldview, adoption of holistic attitudes, a certain culture of communication and interaction, motivation. The effectiveness of the use of coaching technology in public administration is substantiated. The main further prospects of work on the research are determined. Develop scales of indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of coaching technology in public administration.
Organization of Experimental Work on the Formation of Musical and Aesthetic Competence of Adolescents in Out-Of-School Art Education
Authors:   Dragomanov National Pedagogical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Bin Liao
Published: September 2021

The article emphasizes that the state of modern art education in Ukraine and China requires the introduction into the practice of music education of students of out-of-school educational institutions of new methods aimed at forming their musical and aesthetic competence. Presented step-by-step method covers piano preparation of teenage students in two planes-performing and art-theoretical and provides for the presence of three stages: organizational-orientational, intellectual-deepening and creative-enriching. The main purpose of the first organizational and orientation stage of education was to acquire in adolescents a positive motivation for musical and aesthetic activities and the expansion of the thesaurus of musical knowledge. The second (intellectually-deepening) stage was aimed at theoretical and practical development of musical knowledge in order to form in adolescents musical and aesthetic competence, filling musical and intonation vocabulary, expanding musical and aesthetic worldview, activating emotional impressions, comparing their own experiences with artistic content of piece of music, accumulation of musical thesaurus and musical performance experience. The third (creative-enriching) stage was aimed at developing the ability to genre-style embodiment of interpretive ideas, creative evaluation of musical phenomena on the basis of the system of values adopted in the art of music.
From the Galileo Free Fall String to the Principle of Equivalence
Authors:   Department of Physical Electronics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, Pardy Miroslav
Published: September 2021

We consider the string with the length l, the left end and the right end of which is non relativistically accelerated by the constant acceleration a. We calculate the motion of such string and then the motion of the Galileo free fall string in gravity. The solutions are not identical. So, we distinguish between noninertial field and the gravity field and we discuss the principle of equivalence. In conclusion we suggest to drop charged objects from the very high tower Burj Khalifa in order to say crucial words on the principle of equivalence.
Numerical Studies of Deformations and Crack Propagation in Reinforced Concrete Annular Sections Under Thermopower Loads
Authors:   Lira group of companies, Ukraine, Karkhut Ihor , Luchko Josyp , Kirichok Vladyslav
Published: September 2021

The article describes the current state and the level of research of annular cross-sections of structures of energy facilities operating under conditions of thermal and force effects. The results of a numerical experiment to study the deformability and crack resistance of annular сross-sections and their comparison with the results of testing physical models of fragments of reinforced concrete chimneys are presented. It is shown that at the modern level of development of the mathematical apparatus and computer calculation programs, using the deformation model, the deviation does not exceed 20%. The described research results of other authors and this work confirm the possibility of replacing cost and long-term field tests with numerical experiments.
Unusual metallic conductivity of high-Tc cuprates
Authors: Dzhumanov S. , Malikov Sh.R. , Djumanov Sh.S.
Published: September 2021

The intrinsic mechanisms of the unusual metallic transports of three types of relevant charge carriers (large polarons, excited (dissociated) polaronic components of bosonic Cooper pairs and bosonic Cooper pairs themselves) along the CuO2 layers of high-Tc cuprates are identified and the new features of metallic conductivity in the CuO2 layers (i.e. ab -planes) of underdoped and optimally doped cuprates are explained. The in-plane conductivity of high-Tc cuprates is associated with the metallic transports of such charge carriers at their scattering by lattice vibrations in thin CuO2 layers. The proposed charge transport theory in high-Tc cuprates allows to explain consistently the distinctive features of metallic conductivity and the puzzling experimental data on the temperature dependences of their in-plane resistivity pab. In underdoped and optimally doped cuprates the linear temperature dependence of pab(T) above the pseudogap formation temperature T∗ is associated with the scattering of polaronic carriers at acoustic and optical phonons, while the different (upward and downward) deviations from the linearity in pab(T) below T∗ are caused by the pseudogap effect on the conductivity of the excited Fermi components of bosonic Cooper pairs and by the dominating conductivity of bosonic Cooper pairs themselves in the normal state of these high-Tc materials.
Study of change in beryllium oxide strength properties as a result of irradiation with heavy ions
Authors: Zdorovets M.V. , Kozlovskiy A.L. , Borgekov D.B. , Shlimas D.I.
Published: September 2021

The paper presents data on changes in strength properties, including data on microhardness, crack resistance, bending strength and wear of BeO ceramics as a result of irradiation with heavy accelerated ions. The following types of ions were selected as heavy ions: O2+ (28 MeV), Ar8+ (70 MeV), Kr15+ (147 MeV), Xe22+ (230 MeV). Radiation doses were 1013 -1015 ion/cm2 , which make it possible to assess the effect of both single defects arising from radiation, and cluster overlapping defective areas occurring at large radiation doses. During the studies carried out, it was found that an increase in the ion energy and, consequently, in the damaging ability and depth of the damaged area, leads to a sharp decrease in the strength mechanical characteristics of ceramics, which is due to an increase in defective areas in the material of the near-surface damaged layer. However, an increase in irradiation dose for all types of exposure results in an almost equilibrium decrease in strength characteristics and the same trend of change in strength characteristics. The obtained dependencies indicate that the proposed mechanisms responsible for changing the strength properties can, under certain assumptions, be extrapolated to various types of exposure to heavy ions in the energy range (25-250 MeV).
Features of model thin-film solar cells photoelectric characteristics based on a non-toxic multi-component connection CuZn2AlS4
Authors: Sergeyev D. , Shunkeyev K. , Kuatov B. , Zhanturina N.
Published: September 2021

In this paper, the features of the characteristics of model thin-film solar cells based on the non-toxic multicomponent compound CuZn2AlS4 (CZAS) are considered. The main parameters (open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, fill factor, efficiency) and characteristics (quantum efficiency, current-voltage characteristic) of thin-film solar cells based on CZAS have been determined. The minimum optimal thickness of the CZAS absorber is found (1-1.25 microns). Deterioration of the performance of solar cells with an increase in operating temperature (280-400 K) is shown. It is revealed that in the wavelength range of 390-500 nm CZAS has a high external quantum efficiency, which allows its use in designs of multi-junction solar cells designed to absorb solar radiation in the specified range. It is shown that the combination of CZAS films with a buffer layer of non-toxic ZnS increases the performance of solar cells.
STRATEGI PENINGKATAN PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM PRAKTIK KERJA LAPANGAN (PKL) DI POLITEKNIK NEGERI BALI
Authors: I Gusti Lanang Suta Artatanaya I Ketut Darma dan
Published: September 2021

Penelitian evaluatif ini terdiri dari 2 (dua) penelitian, yang saling terkait berkaitan, yaitu tentang penyelenggaraan PKL dan PBM dan dilaksanakan selama 2 tahun. Tujuan dan hasil yang diharapkan, yaitu: tahun pertama untuk mendapatkan draf strategi peningkatan pelaksanaan PKL dan Proses Belajar Mengajar di Politeknik Negeri Bali. Sedangkan pada tahun kedua diperoleh balikan yang handal dan valid berupa strategi untuk peningkatkan kualitas penyelenggaraan PKL. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan evaluatif model Context-Input- Process-Product (CIPP). Kajian difokuskan pada memvalidasi upaya peningkatan latar penyelenggaraan, daya dukung yang digunakan, prosedur penyelenggaraan, dan produk akhir yang dicapai dalam PKL. Validasi dilihat dari persepsi responden terhadap draf upaya yang perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas penyelenggaraan PKL. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner. Selanjutnya dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif maupun kuatitatif. Hasil yang didapatkan pada tahun kedua, yaitu: semua upaya-upaya dari draf model yang didapatkan pada tahun pertama dinyatakan valid sebagai strategi meningkatkan kualitas penyelenggaraan. Draf model tersebut direkomendasi sebagai strategi untuk meningkatan kualitas penyelenggaraan PKL di Politeknik Negeri Bali.
KOMPETENSI TIK UNTUK GURU
Authors: Warsihna Jaka
Published: September 2021

Kehadiran TIK untuk pendidikan tidak dapat dihindari. Salah satu fungsi TIK di dalam pendidikan adalah untuk pembelajaran ( e-learning). Keberhasilan pembelajaran kunci utamanya terletak pada guru. Ada empat kompetensi yang harus dimiliki oleh guru yaitu kompetensi pedagogik, kepribadian, sosial, dan professional. Untuk mewujudkan keempat kompetensi tersebut dengan cepat dan efisien harus ditambah dengan kompetensi TIK. Kompetensi TIK ada beberapa tahap, mulai dari yang dasar sampai ke tingkat mahir. Agar seluruh guru memiliki kompetensi TIK dengan baik perlu dibuat standar kompetensinya. Dengan adanya standar kompetensi TIK untuk guru akan memudahkan bagi berbagai pihak yang akan berpartisipasi untuk meningkatkan kompetensi TIK guru. Pihak yang secara langsung menggunakan standar kompetensi tersebut adalah lembaga yang menghasilkan calon guru (PTK) dan yang mengurusi peningkatan kompetensi guru. Sedangkan dampaknya adalah proses pembelajaran akan menjadi lebih menarik dan dapat terjadi di mana saja, kapan saja, dan dari sumber yang beragam. Dengan demikian mutu sumber daya manusia Indonesia akan meningkat dengan cepat dan dapat sejajar dengan bangsa lain di dunia.
Pengembangan Media Belajar Matematika Dengan Pendekatan ICT
Authors: Rr. Martiningsih, M.Pd Rr. Martiningsih, M.Pd
Published: September 2021

Abstrak: Banyak siswa berpendapat bahwa matematika adalah pelajaran yang sulit. Hal itu dibuktikan dengan prestasi belajar matematika yang kurang memuaskan. Jika siswa memahami apa yang mereka pelajari, siswa akan mendapatkan prestasi yang lebih baik. Media sangat penting untuk memahami sesuatu. Media membantu siswa memahami hal hal yang abstrak menjadi hal-hal yang nyata. Media juga membantu siswa untuk mempermudah konsep yang sulit. Oleh karena itu, pengembangan ini merupakan media matematika kelas VII SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Surabaya semester genap pada standar kompetensi menggunakan konsep himpunan dan diagram Venn dalam pemecahan masalah melalui pendekatan ICT. Media belajar matematika ini dikembangkan dengan PowerPoint sebab PowerPoint adalah software yang sudah sangat familiar. Kita dapat membuat media belajar interaktif dengan mengoptimalkan fitur-fitur yang ada pada PowerPoint. Siswa dapat mempergunakan program yang telah dibuat dengan cara mengâ€klikâ€ tanda-tanda yang telah disediakan. Program ini membuat siswa belajar dengan lebih mudah, dan siswa dapat menikmati pembelajaran matematika sebagai pembelajaran yang menyenangkan, sehingga pada akhirnya siswa dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar matematikanya, dan pada akhirnya mereka akan berpendapat bahawa matematika sangat menyenangkan dan mudah. Kata kunci: media, PowerPoint Interaktif, matematikaAbstract: Many students argue that math is a difficult lesson. It is proved by the unsatisfying math achievment of the students. If students comprehend what they learn, they will have better achievement. Media takes important role in understanding something. Media helps students understand abstract things. Media also helps students simplify difficult concepts. Therefore, we developed math learning media for 7th grader in Muhammadiyah 1 Junior High School Surabaya using sets and Venn diagram in ICT based problem solving. The math learning program was developed using PowerPoint application software since this software is very familiar. We can make interactive learnig media by optimizing many features in PowerPoint. Students can use the program already made by â€œclickingâ€ signs provided. This program make studens learn more easily, and students can enjoy math learning as a fun learning so that students can improve their achievement in math learning. Finally they will argue that math is fun and easy.Keywords: Media, interactive powerpoint, math
La Educación Ambiental Intercultural como alternativa para la formación del pensamiento holístico: un caso de estudio en la Amazonía ecuatoriana
Authors: Prieto Cruz Óscar
Published: September 2021

En este documento se presentan los principales resultados de una investigación de carácter cualitativo e inductivo sobre la Educación Ambiental Intercultural (EAI) realizada en una institución de educación básica ubicada en Puyo, Pastaza, región amazónica de Ecuador. Se construyó una teoría anclada sobre EAI, a partir de las voces de los actores relevantes de este caso de estudio, quienes evidenciaron las potencialidades de la EAI y los principales retos para posicionarla como una corriente de educación alternativa que contribuye a la formación holística de nuevas generaciones de seres humanos comprometidos con la transformación socioecológica para hacerle frente a la gran crisis de la época presente.
Formation of project management skills in student joint activities in the Smartsheet service
Authors:   Moscow City Pedagogical University, Masharova Tatyana V. , Zenkina Svetlana V. ,   Academy of Public Administration, Shabalina Darya A. ,   Vyatka State University, Bushmeleva Natalya A. ,   Vyatka State University
Published: September 2021

The problem and the aim of the study. Project thinking, the ability to work in a team to solve a socially significant task, the application of the principles of self-management are among the high requirements that are made upon modern specialists applying for employment. In addition, these over-professional competencies are fundamental to the soft skills concept. The purpose of the article is to investigate the features of the formation of these popular skills with using Smartsheet tools as a digital resource that works in a mobile format and on a PC to form these skills. Research methods. Theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific literature are used to determine the importance of project activity skills for a sought-after specialist, and the need of using digital tools in project management. The technology of collaborative learning, methods of group work (comments, conversations, providing cards, project defense) are used to engineer prompt information interaction. The experiment involved 89 students of Vyatka State University studying in the direction of training 44.03.02 Psychological and pedagogical education (bachelor's degree). The software tool is the Smartsheet service (https://app.smartsheet.com/). The Pearson's chi-squared criterion (χ2) was used as a method of statistical processing of experimental data. Results. In the experimental group, students used Smartsheet tools to export data from ready-made tables, differentiate access rights and allocate resources, track comments, add files, team introspection, and defense projects. The assessment of the levels of development of project management skills was made and statistically significant differences in the qualitative changes that occurred in the pedagogical system were revealed, χ2observ. 2 > χ2crit.0.05 (6.15 > 5.99). In conclusion the features of organizing joint activities in the Smartsheet environment for the formation of project management skills are summarized: determining the minimum necessary range of tools for mandatory use, adding elements of mini-research, comprehending the content of the task and its development options, random dividing into teams, etc.
Territorial educational segment as an object of assessment of the functioning conditions of regional education systems
Authors:   Murmansk Arctic State University, Levites Dmitriy G. , Punantsev Artem A. ,   Murmansk Arctic State University
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to the contradiction between common strategic objectives for the development of education in the Russian Arctic and the regional differences of their implementation. There is virtually no coordination of educational policy between the Arctic regions. The implementation of these objectives requires a certain scientific justification, which means that it involves the study of the general specifics of the education systems of the Arctic regions and the general external factors affecting their condition. The purpose of the study is to identify the factors of the Arctic territory the influence of which allows the Arctic education systems to form one educational segment. Materials and methods. Using the DEA method, the authors assessed the influence of territorial factors of economic and technical, demographic, information and communication orientation on the appropriate characteristics of regional education systems. The study uses materials from Rosstat, federal and regional education authorities. The comparative analysis concerned the study of the quality of the conditions for the functioning of the Arctic educational systems and other regions from the corresponding federal districts. Results. The education systems of the Arctic regions are more homogeneous under the influence of economic and technical (coefficient of variation does not exceed 0.17) and demographic (0.26) factors than the other regional education systems of the federal districts. In addition, the Arctic regions have a higher efficiency of the education systems functioning (efficiency value for the first group of factors is 0.99; for the second – 0.89). These systems react much more differentially to the action of the information and communication factor – they cope with its influence in different ways (the average value of efficiency is 0.66; coefficient of variation reaches 0.39). Discussion and conclusion. Authors have updated and theoretically justified the concept of a territorial educational segment as a set of geographically close regional education systems with common features, problems, history and common group of territorial factors. The general nature of the influence of economic, technical and demographic factors confirmed the presence of not only external (general strategic objectives for the development of education in the Russian Arctic), but also internal reasons for combining the Arctic education systems into a single territorial educational segment.
Description of a new valvatoid Pikasia smenensis n. gen. n. sp.
(Gastropoda, Hydrobiidae) from Morocco
Authors: Taybi A. F. , Glöer P. , Mabrouki Y.
Published: September 2021

Recent field surveys conducted in the northern part of Morocco have led to the discovery of a new species belonging to a new genus Pikasia n. gen. described here. Photos of the holotype and paratype are presented in addition to the penis morphology and the female sex tract, the map of the sampling area with the type localities, and the habitat description