bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three-Stage Dynamic Games of Government-Park-Visitor in Visitor Education Intervention
Authors: Wei Dongping , Wen Shouwen , Ardjouman Diabate , Chen Yizeng
Published: August 2014

The government-park-visitor three-stage multiplayers dynamic gameG(S1m,S2n,S3k,RG,R,U)is established to solve the significant problem regarding the investment in the visitor education. The game reveals that the visitor education intervention should form a positive interaction mechanism of government leading, tourism enterprise implementing, and tourist participating. The visitor education system in the tourism market has not been established at the initial stage. Stakeholders are hesitant to invest resources to push the establishment of visitor education system. The government should set up an induction fund which can encourage the parks and tourism companies to invest money on visitor education. When visitor education system develops to a certain stage with the help of government induction fund, it can run autonomously without the external factors. And the win-win-win situation of the government, parks, and visitors is obtained when the Nash equilibrium state of the game is reached. Furthermore, the game also reveals that visitor education mainly includes the behavior intervention and knowledge services which are important for the park’s visitor education.
Current Treatment of Toxoplasma Retinochoroiditis: An Evidence-Based Review
Authors: Harrell Meredith , Carvounis Petros E.
Published: August 2014

Objective. To perform an evidence-based review of treatments forToxoplasmaretinochoroiditis (TRC).Methods. A systematic literature search was performed using the PubMed database and the key phrase “ocular toxoplasmosis treatment” and the filter for “controlled clinical trial” and “randomized clinical trial” as well as OVID medline (1946 to May week 2 2014) using the keyword ‘‘ocular toxoplasmosis’’. The included studies were used to evaluate the various treatment modalities of TRC.Results. The electronic search yielded a total of 974 publications of which 44 reported on the treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis. There were 9 randomized controlled studies and an additional 3 comparative studies on the treatment of acute TRC with systemic or intravitreous antibiotics or on reducing the recurrences of TRC. Endpoints of studies included visual acuity improvement, inflammatory response, lesion size changes, recurrences of lesions, and adverse effects of medications.Conclusions. There was conflicting evidence as to the effectiveness of systemic antibiotics for TRC. There is no evidence to support that one antibiotic regimen is superior to another so choice needs to be informed by the safety profile. Intravitreous clindamycin with dexamethasone seems to be as effective as systemic treatments. There is currently level I evidence that intermittent trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prevents recurrence of the disease.
Augmenting the Structures in a Swirling Flame via Diffusive Injection
Authors: Lewis Jonathan , Valera-Medina Agustin , Marsh Richard , Morris Steven
Published: August 2014

Small scale experimentation using particle image velocimetry investigated the effect of the diffusive injection of methane, air, and carbon dioxide on the coherent structures in a swirling flame. The interaction between the high momentum flow region (HMFR) and central recirculation zone (CRZ) of the flame is a potential cause of combustion induced vortex breakdown (CIVB) and occurs when the HMFR squeezes the CRZ, resulting in upstream propagation. The diffusive introduction of methane or carbon dioxide through a central injector increased the size and velocity of the CRZ relative to the HMFR whilst maintaining flame stability, reducing the likelihood of CIVB occurring. The diffusive injection of air had an opposing effect, reducing the size and velocity of the CRZ prior to eradicating it completely. This would also prevent combustion induced vortex breakdown CIVB occurring as a CRZ is fundamental to the process; however, without recirculation it would create an inherently unstable flame.
Predicted Infiltration for Sodic/Saline Soils from Reclaimed Coastal Areas: Sensitivity to Model Parameters
Authors: Liu Dongdong , She Dongli , Yu Shuang’en , Shao Guangcheng , Chen Dan
Published: August 2014

This study was conducted to assess the influences of soil surface conditions and initial soil water content on water movement in unsaturated sodic soils of reclaimed coastal areas. Data was collected from column experiments in which two soils from a Chinese coastal area reclaimed in 2007 (Soil A, saline) and 1960 (Soil B, nonsaline) were used, with bulk densities of 1.4 or 1.5 g/cm3. A 1D-infiltration model was created using a finite difference method and its sensitivity to hydraulic related parameters was tested. The model well simulated the measured data. The results revealed that soil compaction notably affected the water retention of both soils. Model simulations showed that increasing the ponded water depth had little effect on the infiltration process, since the increases in cumulative infiltration and wetting front advancement rate were small. However, the wetting front advancement rate increased and the cumulative infiltration decreased to a greater extent whenθ0was increased. Soil physical quality was described better by theSparameter than by the saturated hydraulic conductivity since the latter was also affected by the physical chemical effects on clay swelling occurring in the presence of different levels of electrolytes in the soil solutions of the two soils.
The Hybrid Steepest Descent Method for Split Variational Inclusion and Constrained Convex Minimization Problems
Authors: Deepho Jitsupa , Kumam Poom
Published: August 2014

We introduced an implicit and an explicit iteration method based on the hybrid steepest descent method for finding a common element of the set of solutions of a constrained convex minimization problem and the set of solutions of a split variational inclusion problem.
Adipokines Do Not Mediate the Association of Obesity and Colorectal Adenoma
Authors: Ochs-Balcom Heather M. , Cannioto Rikki , Nie Jing , Millen Amy E. , Freudenheim Jo L. , Chen Zhengyi , Thompson Cheryl L. , Tracy Russell , Li Li
Published: August 2014

Purpose. The association between obesity and colon neoplasia is well established but the underlying biological mechanisms are not fully understood. Rates of both obesity and colon cancer differ by race. Adipokines have been postulated as contributors to the observed association; however, few studies have examined the mediating effect of adipokines on the obesity-colon adenoma association with consideration of racial differences.Methods. We determined prediagnostic levels of adiponectin and leptin in Caucasians (217 cases and 650 controls) and African Americans (175 cases and 378 controls) participating in theCase Transdisciplinary Research on Energetics and Cancer Colon Adenoma Study. We evaluated mediating effects of adiponectin and leptin on the association of abdominal adiposity and colon adenoma separately according to race using mediational pathway analysis.Results. We observed differences in circulating adipokine concentrations by race; African Americans had higher levels of leptin and lower levels of adiponectin than Caucasians for both adenoma cases and controls (Pvalues <0.001). Leptin and adiponectin did not mediate the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) adenoma association in either group (all SobelPvalues >0.27).Conclusions. We found no evidence that leptin or adiponectin mediates the abdominal obesity-colorectal adenoma pathway. Larger studies on how these associations vary by race, sex, and obesity are needed.
Thin-Plate Forming by Thixo- and Rheoforging
Authors: Jin Chul Kyu , Bolouri Amir , Kang Chung Gil , Hwang Gyu Wan
Published: August 2014

Thin plates with a thickness of 1.2 mm are fabricated using two processes, thixoforging and rheoforging, which are semisolid forming techniques. The die design, formability, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the fabricated thin plates are analysed. A fan-shaped gate is designed by analysing the filling behaviour using semisolid material, and uniform filling behaviour of material is obtained by arranging nine overflows in product area. semisolid metal is prepared through a semisolid process in which reheating, a thixoprocess, and cooling with stirring, a rheoprocess, are applied. The semisolid material is injected into a forging die and is formed into thin plate at a punch speed of 300 mm/s and under a pressure of 100 MPa. Since semisolid material with a solid fraction below 45% has mainly small primary α-Al particles, the formability of the thin plate is improved. The formed thin plate also has good mechanical properties since the small and globular grains are evenly distributed. The thin plate formed from semisolid material with a solid fraction above 50% has poor mechanical properties owing to the large quantity of coarse primary α-Al particles. A rheoforged thin plate exhibits poorer mechanical properties than a thixoforged thin plate, but rheoforging produces a more precise thin plate.
Detection of Rift Valley Fever Virus Interepidemic Activity in Some Hotspot Areas of Kenya by Sentinel Animal Surveillance, 2009–2012
Authors: Lichoti Jacqueline Kasiiti , Kihara Absolomon , Oriko Abuu A. , Okutoyi Leonard Ateya , Wauna James Ogaa , Tchouassi David P. , Tigoi Caroline C. , Kemp Steve , Sang Rosemary , Mbabu Rees Murithi
Published: August 2014

Rift Valley fever virus causes an important zoonotic disease of humans and small ruminants in Eastern Africa and is spread primarily by a mosquito vector. In this region, it occurs as epizootics that typically occur at 5–15-year intervals associated with unusual rainfall events. It has hitherto been known that the virus is maintained between outbreaks in dormant eggs of the mosquito vector and this has formed the basis of understanding of the epidemiology and control strategies of the disease. We show here that seroconversion and sporadic acute disease do occur during the interepidemic periods (IEPs) in the absence of reported cases in livestock or humans. The finding indicates that previously undetected low-level virus transmission during the IEPs does occur and that epizootics may also be due to periodic expansion of mosquito vectors in the presence of both circulating virus and naïve animals.
Automatic 3D City Modeling Using a Digital Map and Panoramic Images from a Mobile Mapping System
Authors: Kim Hyungki , Kang Yuna , Han Soonhung
Published: August 2014

Three‐dimensional city models are becoming a valuable resource because of their close geospatial, geometrical, and visual relationship with the physical world. However, ground‐oriented applications in virtual reality, 3D navigation, and civil engineering require a novel modeling approach, because the existing large‐scale 3D city modeling methods do not provide rich visual information at ground level. This paper proposes a new framework for generating 3D city models that satisfy both the visual and the physical requirements for ground‐oriented virtual reality applications. To ensure its usability, the framework must be cost‐effective and allow for automated creation. To achieve these goals, we leverage a mobile mapping system that automatically gathers high‐resolution images and supplements sensor information such as the position and direction of the captured images. To resolve problems stemming from sensor noise and occlusions, we develop a fusion technique to incorporate digital map data. This paper describes the major processes of the overall framework and the proposed techniques for each step and presents experimental results from a comparison with an existing 3D city model.
Trajectory Evaluation of Rotor‐Flying Robots Using Accurate Inverse Computation Based on Algorithm Differentiation
Authors: He Yuqing , Zhou Yingjun , Han Jianda
Published: August 2014

Autonomous maneuvering flight control of rotor‐flying robots (RFR) is a challenging problem due to the highly complicated structure of its model and significant uncertainties regarding many aspects of the field. As a consequence, it is difficult in many cases to decide whether or not a flight maneuver trajectory is feasible. It is necessary to conduct an analysis of the flight maneuvering ability of an RFR prior to test flight. Our aim in this paper is to use a numerical method called algorithm differentiation (AD) to solve this problem. The basic idea is to compute the internal state (i.e., attitude angles and angular rates) and input profiles based on predetermined maneuvering trajectory information denoted by the outputs (i.e., positions and yaw angle) and their higher‐order derivatives. For this purpose, we first present a model of the RFR system and show that it is flat. We then cast the procedure for obtaining the required state/input based on the desired outputs as a static optimization problem, which is solved using AD and a derivative based optimization algorithm. Finally, we test our proposed method using a flight maneuver trajectory to verify its performance.
Malign Recurrence of Primary Chest Wall Hemangiopericytoma in the Lung after Four Years: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Akman Tulay , Alacacioglu Ahmet , Dolek Devrim , Unek Tugba , Gurel Duygu , Yilmaz Ahmet Ugur , Onen Ahmet
Published: August 2014

Hemangiopericytoma (HPC) may develop in every site where the endothelial tissue exits and primarily develops in the skeletal-muscular system or the skin. Adult cases of HPC generally exhibit a benign course. 20–30% of the cases may show a malign course. The tumors that show more than four mitoses, a focal area of necrosis, and increased cellularity on a magnification ×10 are considered as malign. In our paper, we presented our case who showed a lung metastasis at the end of 4 years and who developed a pathological fracture of the right humerus at the end of approximately 2 years, because hemangiopericytoma is rarely seen in the chest wall as a primary tumor.
Effects of Solder Temperature on Pin Through-Hole during Wave Soldering: Thermal-Fluid Structure Interaction Analysis
Authors: Abdul Aziz M. S. , Abdullah M. Z. , Khor C. Y.
Published: August 2014

An efficient simulation technique was proposed to examine the thermal-fluid structure interaction in the effects of solder temperature on pin through-hole during wave soldering. This study investigated the capillary flow behavior as well as the displacement, temperature distribution, and von Mises stress of a pin passed through a solder material. A single pin through-hole connector mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) was simulated using a 3D model solved by FLUENT. The ABAQUS solver was employed to analyze the pin structure at solder temperatures of 456.15 K (183°C) <T< 643.15 K (370°C). Both solvers were coupled by the real time coupling software and mesh-based parallel code coupling interface during analysis. In addition, an experiment was conducted to measure the temperature difference (ΔT) between the top and the bottom of the pin. Analysis results showed that an increase in temperature increased the structural displacement and the von Mises stress. Filling time exhibited a quadratic relationship to the increment of temperature. The deformation of pin showed a linear correlation to the temperature. TheΔTobtained from the simulation and the experimental method were validated. This study elucidates and clearly illustrates wave soldering for engineers in the PCB assembly industry.
Research on Appraisal System of Procurator Performance by Using High‐Order CFA Model
Authors: Huang Yong-mao
Published: August 2014

The prosecutor is the main body of procuratorial organs. The performance appraisal system plays an important role in promoting the work efficiency of procurator. In this paper, we establish the performance appraisal system of procurators by high‐order confirmatory factor analysis method and evaluate procurators’ performance by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on the 360 degrees. The results have some help to performance management of procuratorial organs.
Insulin Preconditioning Elevates p-Akt and Cardiac Contractility after Reperfusion in the Isolated Ischemic Rat Heart
Authors: Sato Tamaki , Sato Hiroaki , Oguchi Takeshi , Fukushima Hisashi , Carvalho George , Lattermann Ralph , Matsukawa Takashi , Schricker Thomas
Published: August 2014

Insulin induces cardioprotection partly via an antiapoptotic effect. However, the optimal timing of insulin administration for the best quality cardioprotection remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that insulin administered prior to ischemia provides better cardioprotection than insulin administration after ischemia. Isolated rat hearts were prepared using Langendorff method and divided into three groups. The Pre-Ins group (Pre-Ins) received 0.5 U/L insulin prior to 15 min no-flow ischemia for 20 min followed by 20 min of reperfusion. The Post-Ins group (Post-Ins) received 0.5 U/L insulin during the reperfusion period only. The control group (Control) was perfused with KH buffer throughout. The maximum of left ventricular derivative of pressure development (dP/dt(max)) was recorded continuously. Measurements of TNF-αand p-Akt in each time point were assayed by ELISA. After reperfusion, dP/dt(max) in Pre-Ins was elevated, compared with Post-Ins at 10 minutes after reperfusion and Control at all-time points. TNF-αlevels at 5 minutes after reperfusion in the Pre-Ins were lower than the others. After 5 minutes of reperfusion, p-Akt was elevated in Pre-Ins compared with the other groups. Insulin administration prior to ischemia provides better cardioprotection than insulin administration only at reperfusion. TNF-αsuppression is possibly mediated via p-Akt leading to a reduction in contractile myocardial dysfunction.
3D Unsteady Diffusion and Reaction‐Diffusion with Singularities by GFEM with 27‐Node Hexahedrons
Authors: Romão Estaner Claro
Published: August 2014

The Galerkin Finite Element Method (GFEM) with 8‐ and 27‐node hexahedrons elements is used for solving diffusion and transient three‐dimensional reaction‐diffusion with singularities. Besides analyzing the results from the primary variable (temperature), the finite element approximations were used to find the derivative of the temperature in all three directions. This technique does not provide an order of accuracy compatible with the one found in the temperature solution; thereto, a calculation from the third order finite differences is proposed here, which provide the best results, as demonstrated by the first two applications proposed in this paper. Lastly, the presentation and the discussion of a real application with two cases of boundary conditions with singularities are proposed.
Comparison of Clinical Efficacy of Intravenous Acetaminophen with Intravenous Morphine in Acute Renal Colic: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial
Authors: Masoumi Kambiz , Forouzan Arash , Asgari Darian Ali , Feli Maryam , Barzegari Hassan , Khavanin Ali
Published: August 2014

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of intravenous acetaminophen with intravenous morphine in acute renal colic pain management. In this double-blind controlled trial, patients aged 18–55 years, diagnosed with acute renal colic, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were randomized into two groups. First, using the visual analogue scale (VAS), intensity of pain was assessed in both groups. Then, one gram of intravenous acetaminophen or 0.1 mg/kg morphine was infused in 100 mL normal saline to either acetaminophen or morphine group. Intensity of pain was reassessed in 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes according to VAS criteria. Finally, data from 108 patients were analyzed, 54 patients in each group. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in regard to sex (P=0.13), mean age (P=0.54), and baseline visual analogue score (P=0.21). A repeated measure analysis of variance revealed that the difference between the two treatments was significant (P=0.0001). The VAS reduction at primary endpoint (30 min after drug administration) was significantly higher in the acetaminophen group than in the morphine group (P=0.0001). This study demonstrated that intravenous acetaminophen could be more effective than intravenous morphine in acute renal colic patients’ pain relief.
Simulation Analysis of the Long‐Term Stability for Frozen Soil Roadbed
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Jia Jianqing , Zhang Yibo
Published: August 2014

The global warming will lead to rising temperature in Tibetan plateau which will cause some trouble to the long‐term stability of frozen soil roadbed. Of course, the temperature is the most important to stability analysis and study of frozen soil roadbed. In this paper, taking the frozen soil roadbed in Tibetan plateau as an example, the numerical simulation model is established. Firstly, the characteristics of temperature fields of frozen soil roadbed in the future 50 years are analyzed, and then the vertical and horizontal displacements without load and under dynamic load are analyzed.
Fractional Order Stochastic Differential Equation with Application in European Option Pricing
Authors: Li Qing , Zhou Yanli , Zhao Xinquan , Ge Xiangyu
Published: August 2014

Memory effect is an important phenomenon in financial systems, and a number of research works have been carried out to study the long memory in the financial markets. In recent years, fractional order ordinary differential equation is used as an effective instrument for describing the memory effect in complex systems. In this paper, we establish a fractional order stochastic differential equation (FSDE) model to describe the effect of trend memory in financial pricing. We, then, derive a European option pricing formula based on the FSDE model and prove the existence of the trend memory (i.e., the mean value function) in the option pricing formula when the Hurst index is between 0.5 and 1. In addition, we make a comparison analysis between our proposed model, the classic Black-Scholes model, and the stochastic model with fractional Brownian motion. Numerical results suggest that our model leads to more accurate and lower standard deviation in the empirical study.
Psychoeducation Program on Strategies for Coping with Stress in Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction
Authors: Biegańska Joanna , Pihut M.
Published: August 2014

Lack of educational projects in the available literature was an inspiration to develop a psychoeducational program. The objective was to provide patients with basic information on the contribution of stressors in the occurrence of temporomandibular joint dysfunction and educate on methods for coping with stress most commonly used in psychology. In the course of three meetings, patients are familiarised with the issue of experienced stress as a potential source of psychosomatic illnesses (in particular, temporomandibular joint dysfunction). Preliminary patients’ opinions, expressed through self-report methods, indicate significant usefulness of the developed psychoeducational program for the process of treatment and the quality of patients’ lives.
Synthesis and Antimycobacterial and Photosynthesis-Inhibiting Evaluation of 2-[(E)-2-Substituted-ethenyl]-1,3-benzoxazoles
Authors: Imramovsky Ales , Kozic Jan , Pesko Matus , Stolarikova Jirina , Vinsova Jarmila , Kralova Katarina , Jampilek Josef
Published: August 2014

A series of twelve 2-[(E)-2-substituted-ethenyl]-1,3-benzoxazoles was designed. All the synthesized compounds were tested against three mycobacterial strains. The compounds were also evaluated for their ability to inhibit photosynthetic electron transport (PET) in spinach (Spinacia oleraceaL.) chloroplasts. 2-[(E)-2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-1,3-benzoxazole, 2-[(E)-2-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)ethenyl]-1,3-benzoxazole and 2-{(E)-2-[4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl]ethenyl}-1,3-benzoxazole showed the highest activity againstM. tuberculosis,M. kansasii,andM. avium, and they demonstrated significantly higher activity againstM. aviumandM. kansasiithan isoniazid. The PET-inhibiting activity of the most activeortho-substituted compound 2-[(E)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-1,3-benzoxazole was IC50= 76.3 μmol/L, while the PET-inhibiting activity ofpara-substituted compounds was significantly lower. The site of inhibitory action of tested compounds is situated on the donor side of photosystem II. The structure-activity relationships are discussed.
Development of UHPC Mixtures Utilizing Natural and Industrial Waste Materials as Partial Replacements of Silica Fume and Sand
Authors: Ahmad Shamsad , Hakeem Ibrahim , Maslehuddin Mohammed
Published: August 2014

In the exploratory study presented in this paper, an attempt was made to develop different mixtures of ultrahigh performance concrete (UHPC) using various locally available natural and industrial waste materials as partial replacements of silica fume and sand. Materials such as natural pozzolana (NP), fly ash (FA), limestone powder (LSP), cement kiln dust (CKD), and pulverized steel slag (PSS), all of which are abundantly available in Saudi Arabia at little or no cost, were employed in the development of the UHPC mixtures. A base mixture of UHPC without replacement of silica fume or sand was selected and a total of 24 trial mixtures of UHPC were prepared using different percentages of NP, FA, LSP, CKD, and PSS, partially replacing the silica fume and sand. Flow and 28-d compressive strength of each UHPC mixture were determined to finally select those mixtures, which satisfied the minimum flow and strength criteria of UHPC. The test results showed that the utilization of NP, FA, LSP, CKD, and PSS in production of UHPC is possible with acceptable flow and strength. A total of 10 UHPC mixtures were identified with flow and strength equal to or more than the minimum required.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Marjolin’s Ulcer) Arising in a Sacral Decubitus Ulcer Resulting in Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy
Authors: O’Malley John T. , Schoppe Candace , Husain Sameera , Grossman Marc E.
Published: August 2014

Long-standing burns, fissures, and ulcers that undergo malignant transformation into a variety of malignancies, including squamous cell carcinoma, is commonly referred to as a Marjolin’s ulcer. It is well recognized that squamous cell carcinomas of the lung and esophagus can cause humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy secondary to paraneoplastic secretion of parathyroid hormone-related peptide. However, it is extremely rare for a squamous cell carcinoma developing in a sacral decubitus ulcer to cause humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. We describe the first case of a patient found to have elevated serum levels of parathyroid hormone related peptide related to his Marjolin’s ulcer. A 45-year-old African American man with T6 paraplegia and a sacral decubitus ulcer present for 20 years was admitted for hypercalcemia of unclear etiology. He was subsequently found to have elevated parathyroid hormone related peptide and an excisional biopsy from the ulcer showed invasive squamous cell carcinoma suggestive of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. The patient ultimately succumbed to sepsis while receiving chemotherapy for his metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy is a rare and likely underrecognized complication that can occur in a Marjolin’s ulcer.
Remarkable Anticancer Activity of Teucrium polium on Hepatocellular Carcinogenic Rats
Authors: Movahedi Ariyo , Basir Rusliza , Rahmat Asmah , Charaffedine Mohammad , Othman Fauziah
Published: August 2014

The term cancer has been concomitant with despair, agony, and dreadful death. Like many other diseases, herbal therapy has been used to prevent or suppress cancer. The present study investigated the capability of the decoction of Teucrium polium L. from Lamiaceae family to protect liver cells against hepatocellular carcinoma in carcinogenesis‐induced animal model. After 28 weeks of treatment with decoction of Teucrium polium L., serum biochemical markers including ALT, AST, AFP, GGT, ALP, HCY, TNF‐α, α2MG, and CBG have been regulated auspiciously. Total antioxidant status also has been increased intensely. Liver lesion score in treated group was lessened and glucocorticoid activity has been intensified significantly. In conclusion, Teucrium polium L. decoction might inhibit or suppress liver cancer development.
Laryngeal Chondrosarcoma as a Rare Cause of Subglottic Stenosis
Authors: Kökoğlu Kerem , Canöz Özlem , Doğan Serap , Gülmez Emrah , Yüce İmdat , Çağlı Sedat
Published: August 2014

Laryngeal chondrosarcoma (CS) is a very rare entity. It is usually seen in 50–80-year olds. It is developed from cricoid cartilage largely. Patients have laryngeal CS complaint of respiratuvar distress, dysphonia, and dysphagia generally. A submucous mass is usually seen in physical examination with an intact mucosa. Distant metastasis is rare in CSs. Main treatment is surgical excision. An 82-year-old patient who has respiratuvar distress is presented in this paper and laryngeal CS is reviewed in the light of the literature.
An Evolutionary Algorithm Using Duality‐Base‐Enumerating Scheme for Interval Linear Bilevel Programming Problems
Authors: Li Hecheng , Fang Lei
Published: August 2014

Interval bilevel programming problem is hard to solve due to its hierarchical structure as well as the uncertainty of coefficients. This paper is focused on a class of interval linear bilevel programming problems, and an evolutionary algorithm based on duality bases is proposed. Firstly, the objective coefficients of the lower level and the right‐hand‐side vector are uniformly encoded as individuals, and the relative intervals are taken as the search space. Secondly, for each encoded individual, based on the duality theorem, the original problem is transformed into a single level program simply involving one nonlinear equality constraint. Further, by enumerating duality bases, this nonlinear equality is deleted, and the single level program is converted into several linear programs. Finally, each individual can be evaluated by solving these linear programs. The computational results of 7 examples show that the algorithm is feasible and robust.
Geochemical Mass Balance and Elemental Transport during the Weathering of the Black Shale of Shuijingtuo Formation in Northeast Chongqing, China
Authors: Ling Sixiang , Wu Xiyong , Zhao Siyuan , Liao Xin , Ren Yong , Zhu Baolong
Published: August 2014

An understanding of the processes that control the behavior of major elements with respect to weathering profile is essential to calculate the mobility, redistribution, and mass fluxes of elements. Hence, this study aims to determine the geochemical mass balance, strain, elemental correlation, and transport in weathering profiles. We constructed three weathering profiles for the black shale of Shujingtuo formation. As per the principal component analysis of major elements, density, and pH values, the first component represents the “elemental factor” and the second denotes the “external factor.” The “depletion” pattern is a mass transportation pattern, and Na, K, and Mg are depleted along transect relative to the composition of fresh rock. Fe is redeposited at the bottom half of the saprock zone, whereas Al is accumulated at the regolith zone. The Fe and Al patterns are attributed to the “depletion–addition” and “addition” patterns, respectively. The strain in profiles A and B demonstrates the expansion at the regolith zone and part of the saprock zone. In profile C, however, these zones collapsed at all depths. In chemical weathering, Na, K, Ca, Mg, and Si are depleted in the following order: valley (C) > near mountaintop (B) > ridge (A).
Performance Comparison of Windowed Interpolation FFT and Quasisynchronous Sampling Algorithm for Frequency Estimation
Authors: Wen He , Dai Huifang , Teng Zhaosheng , Yang Yuxiang , Li Fuhai
Published: August 2014

The DFT‐based frequency estimations have inherent limitations such as spectral leakage and picket‐fence effect due to asynchronous sampling. This paper focuses on comparing the windowed interpolation FFT (WIFFT) and quasisynchronous sampling algorithm (QSSA) for frequency estimation. The WIFFT uses windows to reduce spectral leakage and employs interpolation algorithm to eliminate picket‐fence effect. And the QSSA utilizes quasisynchronous weighted iterations for frequency estimation. The accuracy and time complexity of WIFFT and QSSA are theoretically studied. Computer simulations of frequency estimations with noise and fluctuations by using WIFFT and QSSA are performed. Simulations results show that the wideband noise sensitivity of QSSA is lower than that of WIFFT. However, the WIFFT exhibits less time complexity than QSSA.
Sound Quality Evaluation and Optimization for Interior Noise of Rail Vehicle
Authors: Hu Kai , Wang Yansong , Guo Hui , Chen Hao
Published: August 2014

A procedure for sound filed simulation, sound quality (SQ) evaluation, and optimization of interior noise of a rail vehicle is investigated in this paper. Firstly, some interior noises are measured on site when the subway is running in tunnel at a speed of 60 km/h. The sound pressure levels (SPLs), loudness, sharpness, and roughness of the measured noise are analyzed. A finite element model for acoustical simulation of the carriage is established by using the Actran software. The accuracy and feasibility of the finite model are verified by comparing the psychoacoustical parameters from the simulations and measurements. By using orthogonal experimental design, finally, the best optimization scheme is put forward, which obtained a sound quality improvement with a 4.81 dB decrease in SPL and a 1.07 sone reduction in loudness. The proposed optimization scheme may be extended to other vehicles for improving interior acoustic environment.
On PT Symmetry Systems: Invariance, Conservation Laws, and Reductions
Authors: Masemola P. , Kara A. H.
Published: August 2014

An analysis of a PT symmetric coupler with “gain in one waveguide and loss in another” is made; a transformation in the PT system and some assumptions results in a scalar cubic Schrödinger equation. We investigate the relationship between the conservation laws and Lie symmetries and investigate a Lagrangian, corresponding Noether symmetries, conserved vectors, and exact solutions via “double reductions.”
Influenza Virus Aerosols in the Air and Their Infectiousness
Authors: Nikitin Nikolai , Petrova Ekaterina , Trifonova Ekaterina , Karpova Olga
Published: August 2014

Influenza is one of the most contagious and rapidly spreading infectious diseases and an important global cause of hospital admissions and mortality. There are some amounts of the virus in the air constantly. These amounts is generally not enough to cause disease in people, due to infection prevention by healthy immune systems. However, at a higher concentration of the airborne virus, the risk of human infection increases dramatically. Early detection of the threshold virus concentration is essential for prevention of the spread of influenza infection. This review discusses different approaches for measuring the amount of influenza A virus particles in the air and assessing their infectiousness. Here we also discuss the data describing the relationship between the influenza virus subtypes and virus air transmission, and distribution of viral particles in aerosol drops of different sizes.
Dihadron Azimuthal Correlations in 200 GeV Au-Au and 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb Collisions
Authors: Zhang G. X. , Qian Y. C. , Li B. C.
Published: August 2014

In a multisource thermal model, we detailedly show dihadron azimuthal correlations for 20–40% and 50–80% in Au-Au collisions atsNN=200 GeV and over a centrality range from 10–15% to 70–80% in Pb-Pb collisions atsNN=2.76 TeV. The model can approximately describe the azimuthal correlations of particles produced in the collisions. Thepxamplitude of the corresponding source is magnified, and the source translates along the direction. The factorαx, in most cases, increases with the increase of the centrality in Pb-Pb collisions atsNN=2.76 TeV.
Overhead Transmission Lines Deicing under Different Incentive Displacement
Authors: He Qing , Lv Xi-feng , Zhao Xiao-tong
Published: August 2014

Overhead transmission line icing is one of the main factors affecting safety and reliability of power grid. This paper proposed an excitation deicing method of iced wire and theoretically revealed the ice removal mechanism under displacement excitation conditions, by taking the LGJ-70/10 glaze icing wire as the 3D model and analyzing and studying its dynamic response under the effect of displacement excitation. The simulation results show that the stress of wire icing area is enlarged with the increase of excitation displacement and frequency. Through the comparison of the compression strength experimental results on a series of different iced wires in low temperature environment, the authors found out that the stress generated from the wire icing area is greater than the crushing strength of the ice within the scope of the calculation parameters, which proved the validity and the feasibility of the method, and finally the suitable excitation displacement is determined. Following studies show that, as far as possible, it is necessary to reduce the incentive displacement and also to select the appropriate constraint length in order to avoid the line jumping that may be caused by large span ice shedding.
The New Performance Calculation Method of Fouled Axial Flow Compressor
Authors: Yang Huadong , Xu Hong
Published: August 2014

Fouling is the most important performance degradation factor, so it is necessary to accurately predict the effect of fouling on engine performance. In the previous research, it is very difficult to accurately model the fouled axial flow compressor. This paper develops a new performance calculation method of fouled multistage axial flow compressor based on experiment result and operating data. For multistage compressor, the whole compressor is decomposed into two sections. The first section includes the first 50% stages which reflect the fouling level, and the second section includes the last 50% stages which are viewed as the clean stage because of less deposits. In this model, the performance of the first section is obtained by combining scaling law method and linear progression model with traditional stage stacking method; simultaneously ambient conditions and engine configurations are considered. On the other hand, the performance of the second section is calculated by averaged infinitesimal stage method which is based on Reynolds’ law of similarity. Finally, the model is successfully applied to predict the 8-stage axial flow compressor and 16-stage LM2500-30 compressor. The change of thermodynamic parameters such as pressure ratio, efficiency with the operating time, and stage number is analyzed in detail.
Transcription Regulation of E-Cadherin by Zinc Finger E-Box Binding Homeobox Proteins in Solid Tumors
Authors: Wong Thian-Sze , Gao Wei , Chan Jimmy Yu-Wai
Published: August 2014

Downregulation of E-cadherin in solid tumors with regional migration and systematic metastasis is well recognized. In view of its significance in tumorigenesis and solid cancer progression, studies on the regulatory mechanisms are important for the development of target treatment and prediction of clinical behavior for cancer patients. The vertebrate zinc finger E-box binding homeobox (ZEB) protein family comprises 2 major members: ZEB1 and ZEB2. Both contain the motif for specific binding to multiple enhancer boxes (E-boxes) located within the short-range transcription regulatory regions of the E-cadherin gene. Binding of ZEB1 and ZEB2 to the spaced E-cadherin E-boxes has been implicated in the regulation of E-cadherin expression in multiple human cancers. The widespread functions of ZEB proteins in human malignancies indicate their significance. Given the significance of E-cadherin in the solid tumors, a deeper understanding of the functional role of ZEB proteins in solid tumors could provide insights in the design of target therapy against the migratory nature of solid cancers.
Trypanosoma cruziInfection in Genetically Selected Mouse Lines: Genetic Linkage with Quantitative Trait Locus Controlling Antibody Response
Authors: Vorraro Francisca , Cabrera Wafa H. K. , Ribeiro Orlando G. , Jensen José Ricardo , De Franco Marcelo , Ibañez Olga M. , Starobinas Nancy
Published: August 2014

Trypanosoma cruziinfection was studied in mouse lines selected for maximal (AIRmax) or minimal (AIRmin) acute inflammatory reaction and for high (HIII) or low (LIII) antibody (Ab) responses to complex antigens. Resistance was associated with gender (females) and strain—the high responder lines AIRmax andHIIIwere resistant. The higher resistance ofHIIIas compared toLIIImice extended to higher infective doses and was correlated with enhanced production of IFN-γand nitric oxide production by peritoneal and lymph node cells, inHIIImales and females. We also analyzed the involvement of previously mapped Ab andT. cruziresponse QTL with the survival of Selection III mice toT. cruziinfections in a segregating backcross [F1(HIII×LIII)×LIII] population. An Ab production QTL marker mapping to mouse chromosome 1 (34.8 cM) significantly cosegregated with survival after acuteT. cruziinfections, indicating that this region also harbors genes whose alleles modulate resistance to acuteT. cruziinfection.
Complexity Analysis of a Master-Slave Oligopoly Model and Chaos Control
Authors: Ma Junhai , Zhang Fang , He Yanyan
Published: August 2014

We establish a master-slave oligopoly game model with an upstream monopoly whose output is considered and two downstream oligopolies whose prices are considered. The existence and the local stable region of the Nash equilibrium point are investigated. The complex dynamic properties, such as bifurcation and chaos, are analyzed using bifurcation diagrams, the largest Lyapunov exponent diagrams, and the strange attractor graph. We further analyze the long-run average profit of the three firms and find that they are all optimal in the stable region. In addition, delay feedback control method and limiter control method are used in nondelayed model to control chaos. Furthermore, a delayed master-slave oligopoly game model is considered, and the three firms’ profit in various conditions is analyzed. We find that suitable delayed parameters are important for eliminating chaos and maximizing the profit of the players.
EFA6B Antagonizes Breast Cancer
Authors: Zangari Joséphine , Partisani Mariagrazia , Bertucci François , Milanini Julie , Bidaut Ghislain , Berruyer-Pouyet Carole , Finetti Pascal , Long Elodie , Brau Frédéric , Cabaud Olivier , Chetaille Bruno , Birnbaum Daniel , Lopez Marc , Hofman Paul , Franco Michel , Luton Frédéric
Published: August 2014

One of the earliest events in epithelial carcinogenesis is the dissolution of tight junctions and cell polarity signals that are essential for normal epithelial barrier function. Here, we report that EFA6B, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the Ras superfamily protein Arf6 that helps assemble and stabilize tight junction, is required to maintain apico-basal cell polarity and mesenchymal phenotypes in mammary epithelial cells. In organotypic three-dimensional cell cultures, endogenous levels of EFA6B were critical to determine epithelial–mesenchymal status. EFA6B downregulation correlated with a mesenchymal phenotype and ectopic expression of EFA6B hampered TGFβ-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Transcriptomic and immunohistochemical analyses of human breast tumors revealed that the reduced expression of EFA6B was associated with loss of tight junction components and with increased signatures of EMT, cancer stemness, and poor prognosis. Accordingly, tumors with low levels of EFA6B were enriched in the aggressive triple-negative and claudin-low breast cancer subtypes. Our results identify EFA6B as a novel antagonist in breast cancer and they point to its regulatory and signaling pathways as rational therapeutic targets in aggressive forms of this disease. Cancer Res; 74(19); 5493–506. ©2014 AACR.
Anti-CCR4 Monoclonal Antibody Mogamulizumab for the Treatment of EBV-Associated T- and NK-Cell Lymphoproliferative Diseases
Authors: Kanazawa Tetsuhiro , Hiramatsu Yutaka , Iwata Seiko , Siddiquey Mohammed , Sato Yoshitaka , Suzuki Michio , Ito Yoshinori , Goshima Fumi , Murata Takayuki , Kimura Hiroshi
Published: August 2014

Purpose: Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infects not only B cells but also T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, and T- and NK-cell lymphoproliferative diseases (T/NK-LPD) that are refractory to conventional chemotherapies may develop. To identify a molecular-targeted therapy for EBV-associated T/NK-LPDs, we investigated whether CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) was expressed on EBV-infected T and/or NK cells and whether a humanized anti-CCR4 monoclonal antibody, mogamulizumab, was effective.

Experimental Design: CCR4 expression was examined in various cell lines. In vitro, the effects of mogamulizumab on cell lines were evaluated in the presence of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from volunteers. In vivo, the effects of mogamulizumab were evaluated using a murine xenograft model. CCR4 expression was examined on EBV-infected cells from patients with EBV-associated T/NK-LPDs. Ex vivo, the effects of mogamulizumab were evaluated using patient lymphocytes.

Results: CCR4 expression was confirmed in most EBV-positive T and NK cell lines. Mogamulizumab induced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity against CCR4-positive cell lines, and inhibited the growth of EBV-positive NK-cell lymphomas in a murine xenograft model. Furthermore, CCR4 was expressed on EBV-infected cells in 8 of 17 patients with EBV-associated T/NK-LPDs. Interestingly, CCR4 was positive in 5 of 5 patients with hydroa vacciniforme, a photodermatosis caused by the clonal expansion of EBV-infected γδT cells. EBV-positive γδT cells were obtained from a patient with hydroa vacciniforme and subjected to an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay. The γδT cells that were positive for CCR4 were killed by mogamulizumab via ADCC.

Conclusions: These results indicate that mogamulizumab may be a therapeutic option against EBV-associated T/NK-LPDs. Clin Cancer Res; 20(19); 5075–84. ©2014 AACR.
Ten Years' Experience for Hypospadias Repair: Combined Buccal Mucosa Graft and Local Flap for Urethral Reconstruction
Authors: Ding Jian , Li Qiang , Li Senkai , Li Fengyong , Zhou Chuande , Zhou Yu , Hu Jintian , Xie Linhai , Cao Yujiao , Zhang Siya
Published: August 2014

Objectives: To share our experience in hypospadias repair and discuss the clinical implications of our method, which consists of a combined buccal mucosa graft and local flap for urethroplasty. Patients and Methods: 1,394 cases (median age 11.3 years, age range 5 months to 53 years) of hypospadias which were repaired using our method between July 2000 and December 2010 in our department were included in this study. The patients who had a short penis or did not have chordee were excluded from the data. 588 cases (42.2%) had previously undergone surgery in other hospitals but failed; 806 (57.8%) cases had undergone the first treatment in our department. Results: Of the 806 cases which had undergone the first treatment in our department, we successfully reconstructed the urethra for 747 patients (92.3%), and 59 patients had complications (7.7%); of the 588 cases which had previously undergone surgery but failed, we successfully reconstructed the urethra for 522 patients (88.8%), and 66 patients had complications (11.2%). The most common complication was urethra fistula (70; 5%); other complications include necrosis of the skin flap and infection resulting in wound disruption (19; 1.4%), urethral diverticula (11; 0.8%) and urethral stricture (25; 1.8%). Conclusions: Our method appears to be a safe, simple and satisfactory surgical procedure and can provide relatively enough tissue to reconstruct the urethra with a higher success rate.