bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oat samples valuable for breeding in the forest steppe of the Ob region with the optimal combination of yield elements
Authors: Sotnik A. Ya. , Loskutov I. G.
Published: October 2021

The results of the study of collection oat samples of various ecological and geographical origin are presented. The experiments were carried out in Novosibirsk region in 1994-2018. The sources that combine the optimal density of the productive plant stand and the mass of grain from the panicle were identified according to the ripeness groups. There were 413 collection samples of spring oats studied from 42 countries of the world for 25 years. Collection varieties were evaluated in nurseries of the 2nd-3d year of study. To identify the best samples, a scoring evaluation system of the traits under consideration, i.e. the density of the productive plant stand and the mass of grain from the panicle, was used. Comparison of genotypes for these traits was carried out within a group of varieties with an equal score for the duration of the seedlings -wax ripeness period. The standard varieties Krasnoobsky and Rovesnik were studied for all 25 years, therefore, all years were divided into three groups according to the average biological yield of these varieties. The first group includes 5 years, in which the standard varieties formed a low yield - less than 300 g/m2. The second group includes 14 years with a standard yield of 300-600 g/m2. The third group includes 5 years with the most favorable conditions for the formation of a high biological yield - more than 600 g/m2. A significant correlation between biological productivity and panicle productivity was noted in the standard variety Krasnoobsky during the years with a medium yield and in the standard variety Rovesnik during the years with a high yield. With the traits being evaluated in points, biological productivity showed a strong positive correlation with panicle productivity in Krasnoobsky variety in all groups of years, and in Rovesnik variety only in groups of years with medium and high yield. The sources of biological productivity of oats were identified by ripeness groups: very early - VIR-14522 (Dukat, Poland); early-ripening - VIR-14223 (Ardo KR-FPTS, Czechoslovakia); mid-early - VIR-15340 (Uran, Omsk region), VIR-14729 (SG-K-93682, the Czech Republic), VIR-14588 (Gramena, Germany), VIR-14582 (Carl Theodor, Germany), VIR-15012 (Togurchanin, Tomsk region), VIR-14706 (Keeper, Great Britain), VIR-14581 (Borka, Germany), VIR-15178 (Begunok, Ulyanovsk region) and Novosibirsky 5 (Novosibirsk region); mid-ripening - VIR-14377 (Mutika 572, Omsk region), VIR-14520 (Kwant, Poland), VIR-15254 (AC Mustang, Canada), VIR-15280 (55h 2106, Moscow region) and VIR-14527 (OM 1385, Great Britain); medium-late - VIR-15065 (Irtysh 22, Omsk region), VIR-14860 (Malysh, Tyumen region) and VIR-15103 (R8N9 3037-3072, Krasnoyarsk region).
Factors and features of manifestation and distribution of rabies on the territory of the Republic of Tuva
Authors: Lopsan Ch. О.
Published: October 2021

The dynamics and features of animal rabies manifestation on the territory of the Republic of Tuva have been studied. In the Republic of Tuva in the period of 1979-2019 outbreaks of rabies were reported in 1979, 1987, 2007-2009, 2012-2014, 2018-2019. There were 79 adverse locations revealed with 127 laboratory confirmed cases of rabies of four species of wild animals, two domestic carnivores and four agricultural animals. For the first time the cause of the outbreak of rabies was the introduction of infection by wild carnivores from adverse neighboring regions and Mongolia. Subsequently, a natural focus of rabies developed on the territory of the region. The epidemic process of rabies proceeded with five waves of intensity exacerbation, which was facilitated by a sharp increase in the population of wild carnivores, especially wolves, as well as an uncontrolled population of stray dogs with the involvement of domestic and farm animals in the epizootic process. The spread of the disease is influenced by the natural and climatic conditions of the region, the traditional distant pasture management of livestock with the movement of livestock to pastures adjacent to the habitat of wild predators. Domestic and farm animals are attacked by predators, most often wolves and foxes. Infection of animals and humans with rabies occurs through bites with saliva. As a result, rabies foci appear in these areas. Zones of high and low degree of epizootic danger and zones free from rabies have been identified on the territory of the Republic of Tuva. The high-risk areas include the steppe and semi-desert territories of the Ubsu-Nur and Tuva depressions. The mountain-taiga Todzhinsky and Tere-Kholsky regions of the eastern zone are classified as areas of low epizootic danger; Pii-Khem and Kaa-Khem regions of the Yenisei basin of the central zone are classified as rabies-free.
Algorithm for choosing agrotechnologies and technical means in the production of crops
Authors: Alt V. V. , Balushkina E. A. , Isakova S. P.
Published: October 2021

The existing work on the choice of technologies and technical means, implemented in the form of software, is considered. The factors that must be taken into account when choosing agricultural technologies are shown: phytosanitary, soil-climatic and natural conditions, optimal terms of work, effective schemes for the use of fertilizers and protection means, the choice of machine complexes depending on natural conditions (field sizes), as well as costs for execution of the entire complex of works. An algorithm of the web-based software complex "STAMAT" is presented for the selection of agricultural technologies and technical means of crop production, taking into account the peculiarities of the location and production conditions of the farm. A graphical method for representing the algorithm in the form of a diagram is used. This method makes it possible to represent a multilevel hierarchical scheme of interaction between the data of the subject area described. Functions reflecting the algorithm developed are shown. Several blocks have been highlighted, which in the software package will represent separate software modules with a common database and a common interface: “User authentication”, “Database editor”, “Choice of technology”, “Choice of equipment”, “Reports”. The description of the blocks and the functions they implement is given. Based on the results of work of the program module “Choice of technologies”, several options for technologies are formed, as well as flow charts for the production of crops with an indication of the necessary technological operations, the timing of their implementation and a list of equipment required to perform a given amount of work in the optimal agrotechnical terms. The result of work of the module “Choice of equipment” is selection of the optimal composition of the machine and tractor fleet required to perform one technology from a number of calculated options.
Evaluation of quality indicators of potatoes of different ripeness groups in the forest-steppe of the Ob region
Authors: Batov A. S. , Safonova A. D. , Gureeva Y. A.
Published: October 2021

The results of the study of promising potato varieties in Novosibirsk region (2016-2018) are presented. The objects of the study were 14 samples of potatoes, 10 of them were modern domestic varieties not zoned in the West Siberian region. An assessment of the quality indicators of potato varieties was carried out in comparison with the following zoned varieties: Red Scarlett, Nevsky and Tuleevsky. To obtain an early harvest (75 days after planting), the varieties Lomonosovsky (36 t/ha) and Reggi (39 t/ha) were recommended for the early ripening group. In the group of mid-early varieties, the variety Samba (35 t/ha) was noted; in the mid-season group, the varieties Fritella and Vympel were distinguished (early yield 32 t/ha). High productivity during harvesting in the early ripening group was noted in the varieties Lomonosovsky (42 t/ha) and Reggi (44 t/ha). The Samba variety (44 t/ha) stood out in the mid-early ripeness group. In the mid-season ripening group, the recommended variety is Gusar (46 t/ha), which exceeded the Tuleevsky standard by 4 t/ ha. Among the varieties of the early group of ripeness, high starch content was noted in the varieties Lomonosovsky (16.3%) and Reggae (17.4%). In the mid-early and mid-season groups, one variety was distinguished in each, Samba (14.4%) and Fritella (17.0%). In the early ripening group, the dry matter content of all varieties was higher than that of the Red Scarlett standard, in the mid-early group the highest indicator was observed in the Samba variety (22.9%). In the group of mid-season varieties, the samples Vympel (25.4%) and Fritella (25.8%) exceeded the standard. High field resistance to late blight (9 points) in the epiphytotic year (2017) was revealed in the varieties Gala, Nevsky, Gusar and Fritella.
Pre-sowing seed treatment of narrow-leafed lupin against anthracnose and other diseases
Authors: Pimokhova L. I. , Yagovenko G. L. , Tsarapneva Zh. V. , Misnikova N. V.
Published: October 2021

The results of laboratory and field studies of the effectiveness of the Tirada SK disinfectant (suspension concentrate) against anthracnose seed infection and other lupine diseases are presented.

The work was carried out in 2018-2020 in the Bryansk region. The object of study is the seeds, seedlings and crops of the Vityaz narrow-leafed lupin. In laboratory conditions, the effectiveness of the Tirada SK disinfectant (tiram 400 g / l + difenoconazole 30 g / l) was studied in three application doses (1.0; 1.5; 2.0 l / t). The biological effectiveness was evaluated by the number of infested seedlings grown in paper-polyethylene rolls compared to the control (without dressing). High biological effectiveness (100%) against anthracnose was shown by doses of 1.5 and 2.0 l / t. The highest overall germination (99.6%) and the number of seeds with strong seedlings (90.4%) were noted in the variant with a dose of 1.5 l / t. At the same time, the length of roots and hypocotyl of seedlings increased significantly (LSD05 = 0.69 and LSD05 = 0.51) by 18.0 and 1.0%, respectively. The field experiment was carried out in four repetitions, the plot area was 34 m2. The seeding rate was 1.2 1.2 million viable seeds / ha. The soil of the plot is grey forest with the humus content of 2.7%. The predecessor is spring sown cereals. Seed dressing with Tirada disinfectant at a consumption rate of 1.5 l / t was applied one month before sowing. The effectiveness of the disinfectant was evaluated in comparison with the control. The average biological effectiveness of the disinfectant against anthracnose infection was 94.3%. By the shiny pod phase, the number of affected pods was 5.7%, compared to 26.4% in the control. Plant infestation by Fusarium (Fusarium spp.) was reduced from 18.7% in the control to 11.8% in the experiment and by Rhizoctonia (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn.) from 9.8% to 2.8%. The spread of grey rot and white rot on pods has been reduced by a factor of 2.4 and 2.8, respectively. The seed germination increased significantly (LSD05 = 0.71) by 8.1% and the safety of productive plants at harvest increased by 35.3%. A significant (LSD05 = 0.041) increase in seed yield was 0.82 t/ha, with a cost recovery of 7.15 rubles.
Herbicides for lamb's quarters control in soybean crops
Authors: Morokhovets V. N. , Basay Z. V. , Morokhovets T. V. , Baimulianova A. A. , Skorik N. S. , Markova E. S.
Published: October 2021

The results of the study of toxicity level for the lamb's quarters (Chenopodium album L.) of well-known herbicides used in soybean crops as well as herbicides promising for soybean production in the Far East are presented. Lamb's quarters (Chenopodium album L.) is a highly noxious weed species that is widespread in the south of the region. Weediness monitoring conducted in 2006-2020 showed that this species was present in the Primorsky Territory on 63-100% of fields occupied by soybeans with an average growth density of 3-117 pcs/m2. In 2013-2020 in a series of experiments, conducted in the conditions of the vegetation house and on the experimental fields of the institute, the toxicity level for Common lamb's quarters was determined by 20 herbicides (based on 14 active substances) used in soybean crops. It was found that the control of this weed species is most effective when applying herbicides in the soil and treating plants with a height of up to 4-11 cm at the early stages of development - 1-3 pairs of leaves. Reliable suppression of lamb's quarters in experiments was provided by the soil (before sowing or before soybean seedlings) use of herbicides containing active substances metribuzin, imazetapir, trifluralin, pendimetalin and acetochlor. Among the active ingredients of the tested foliar herbicides, fomesafen, combinations of bentazone + acifluorfen and imazamox + chlorimuron-ethyl were the most toxic for lamb's quarters. It is recommended to use the following herbicidal preparations to control the spread of lamb's quarters: before sowing or sprouting of soybeans - Lazurit, Zenkor Ultra, Pivot, Proponit, Fabian; for processing vegetative plants - Flex, Galaksi Top, Concept, Classic Forte (Harmony Classic), Proponit.
Spatial structure and motor activity of horses of Zabaikalsky breed
Authors: Shkuratova G. M. , Khamiruev T. N. , Dashinimaev S. M. , Bazaron B. Z.
Published: October 2021

The total influence of external environmental factors by seasons on the spatial structure and motor activity of herd horses of Zabaikalsky breed with year-round grazing was studied. The scientific and economic research was carried out in Trans-Baikal Territory. Grazing of 10 herds of horses (20-27 heads) was carried out on the area of 301.5 km2 at different distances from each other. The distance from the horse-breeding camp was 2300-7900 m. According to the motor activity assessment of horses in the spring and summer seasons during 14 hours of grazing, the average speed was 1.4 and 1.1 km/h, the distance traveled was 16828 and 14827 m. The average air temperature during these periods was 10.4 and 12.2 °С, average air velocity was 4.5 and 2.1 m/s, average relative air humidity was 32.2 and 53.3%. In the autumn period, during 10 hours of grazing, the distance was 13879 ± 195.7 m at a horse speed of 1.2 ± 0.07 km/h, average air temperature of minus 1.1 °C, air speed of 2.3 m/s, and air humidity of 54.4%. In winter, the grazing time was 8 hours, the horses in the experiment covered the distance of 12190 ± 142.3 m at a speed of 1.8 ± 0.03 km/h with an average temperature of minus 24.7 °C, wind speed of 1.5 m/s and relative humidity of 64.7%. In the spring, the horses covered the distance greater than in summer, by 13.5% (p < 0.01), in autumn - by 21.2% (p < 0.001) and in winter - by 38.0% (p < 0.001). The highest nutritional value of pasture herbage was noted in the summer (0.60 feed units/kg of dry weight, 102.3 g of digestible protein/ feed unit). In the spring, the nutritional value of pasture grass was 0.35 feed units/kg of dry weight with 31.5 g of digestible protein.
Features of embryonic development of meat quails
Authors: Kolokolnikova T. N. , Dymkov A. B. , Pontan'kova E. P.
Published: October 2021

The influence of breed and storage period of hatching eggs on the duration and results of incubation and the development of quail was studied. It has been noted that in breeding quail farms, the collection period for hatching eggs can be as long as 2-3 weeks. Storage time has a negative effect on incubation time, embryo development, egg hatchability and hatchability of young chicks, which consequently reduces the economic efficiency of the poultry farm. The study was carried out on the eggs of the Pharaoh and Texas White quail breeds. It was found that storage of quail eggs for more than 7 days reduces the hatchability of eggs by 8.3-38.2% and the hatchability of young quail eggs by 15.7-41.4%. Reduced fertilization of eggs correlated with the loss of egg weight during storage (r = 0.974-0.995, p < 0.05). Extending the shelf life of quail eggs to 14-21 days increased the average incubation hour of the Pharaoh breed by 6.3-12.1 hours, and the Texas white breed by 2.5-9.7 hours, had a significant effect during the embryogenesis period on the live weight of day-old quails of both breeds, utilization of yolk sac nutrients and development of the heart, liver and gizzard (η2= 0.541-0.902, p <0.05-0.01). Hatchery eggs of the meat quail breeds Pharaoh and Texan White should be stored for no more than 7 days before incubation. The results of this study can be used in breeding, industrial and farm quail farms for planning sampling times, the number of eggs laid for incubation and places for planting day-old chicks, the number of future layers, the amount of feed needed; in the educational process of agrarian educational institutions.
The influence of birth season on the growing of heifers and their further productivity
Authors: Belozertseva S. L. , Petrukhina L. L.
Published: October 2021

The results of studies on the effect of the birth season factor on the lifetime productivity and growth rate of cows are presented. The material for the research was the information database of the "Selex" breeding record program for the highly productive herd of black-motley cattle of the "Pre-Baikal type". The research was carried out under the conditions of the Irkutsk region in 20152019. Replacement heifers, which were evaluated for growth and development, and subsequently for milk production during the 1st and 3rd lactations and lifetime production, were chosen as an object of research. Heifers born in the summer-autumn period, according to the 1st lactation, gave the highest productivity, their milk yield was 6151-6179 kg of milk with a fat content of 3.85%. By the 3rd lactation, cows born in the summer months retained high productivity (7001 kg with a milk fat content of 3.83%). From the cows born in winter, a maximum lifetime production of 30,519 kg was obtained. The cows born in spring have 856 kg less lifetime productivity. With the maximum lifelong productivity, the age in lactations was 4.5, with the minimum - 4.0. This indicates that the shorter the period of productive use, the lower the lifetime milk yield of cows. The cows that gave the highest milk production in the first lactations dropped out of the herd sooner for various reasons, thereby not having reached their full genetic potential and not having shown their possible maximum milk production.
Analysis of the episootic situation of cattle leukemia in the Siberian Federal District
Authors: Gulyukin M. I. , Gulyukin A. M. , Donchenko A. S. , Donchenko N. A. , Barsukov Yu. I. , Loginov S. I. , Agarkova T. A. , Razumovskaya V. V. , Dvoeglazov N. G. , Osipova N. A.
Published: October 2021

The analysis of the epizootic situation of cattle leukemia in the Siberian Federal District as a whole and in individual regions of the district is given. The study was carried out in the Republics of Altai, Tuva and Khakassia, in the Altai and Krasnoyarsk Territories and in five regions: Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Omsk and Tomsk. The materials of diagnostic studies obtained by veterinary specialists of the Siberian Federal District for 2017-2019 are presented. This information has been analyzed and summarized both for the Siberian Federal District as a whole and for its individual constituent entities. Studies show the spread of bovine leukemia virus infection in the whole district. A tense epizootic situation with cattle leukemia was noted, since the Siberian Federal District ranks second in Russia in terms of the number of adverse locations (322). However, compared to 2017, the number of adverse locations in 2019 decreased by 57, sick animals - by 977 heads, infected animals - by 70836 heads. The number of adverse locations has decreased slightly, while the number of infected animals in some regions has increased. As of January 1, 2020, no hematologically sick animals were found in the Republics of Altai, Khakassia, Buryatia and Tuva, but the number of animals infected with BLV increased. The experience of individual regions of the country that are free from BLV infection (Sverdlovsk, Vologda, Leningrad, Murmansk, Arkhangelsk, Kostroma, Kirov regions, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District, etc.) shows that bovine leukemia is an infection that can be controlled. It is possible to eliminate the disease in herds of cattle with any level of BLV infection as a result of carrying out complex health-improving measures, as well as organizational and veterinary-sanitary measures with the obligatory removal of sick and BLV infected animals from the herd.
Ecology of microorganisms in the conditions of permafrost
Authors: Neustroev M. P. , Donchenko A. S. , Tarabukina N. P.
Published: October 2021

The results of research into the ecology of pathogens of infectious diseases in permafrost conditions are presented. The work was carried out in laboratory conditions and horse breeding farms of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), located in the permafrost zone. Isolation and identification of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms were carried out by generally accepted methods used in microbiological practice. The survival rate of microorganisms was studied by methods of veterinary sanitation. The studies conducted showed that the survival time of some microorganisms on the objects of the environment in permafrost conditions is 2-3 times longer than the survival time of similar microorganisms in the southern and European territories of Russia and abroad. When studying microbial contamination and the survival time of microorganisms, a significant content of aerobic spore-forming bacteria (more than 2 x 106 CFU/g) in permafrost soils of Central Yakutia was established. Isolation of viable bacteria of the genus Bacillus from representatives of mammoth fauna preserved in permafrost soils (age 30-40 thousand years) proves the role of permafrost in the preservation of bacteria of the Pleistocene period. Permafrost contributes to the long-term preservation of foci and transmission factors of pathogens of infectious diseases. Isolation of pathogens of yersiniosis from the surfaces of glaciers and from wild animals indicates the danger of contamination of food during storage and consumption. The establishment of the circulation of pathogens of viral diseases among reindeer suggests the role of migratory birds in the spread of infectious diseases. The study of the epizootology of anthrax remains relevant. Knowledge of the survival time of microorganisms on the objects of the environment in the extreme conditions of the Far North and the study of the microbiota of wild animals and migratory birds are necessary to optimize antiepizootic and epidemiological measures in the prevention or elimination of infectious diseases in humans and animals.
The main directions of introducing bachelors-future teachers to research activities
Authors: Zembatova Larisa T. , Puhaeva Ilona U.
Published: October 2021

The article actualizes the problem of introducing bachelors-future teachers to research activities. Today, in connection with the reform of the higher education system, increased attention is paid to the competence of future teachers. Society requires a competent, creative, initiative, independent specialist, competitive in the labor market, able to develop ideas and find non-standard solutions to professional problems. For the most successful implementation of the goals of professional training of future specialists in a pedagogical university, research activities should become an integral part of it. Thus, the provisions of the Bologna Declaration speak about the fundamental nature of education, the focus on training specialists who are able to engage in science. Socio-economic progress is impossible without science. The authors, having analyzed the scientific and methodological literature on the problem of introducing bachelors-future teachers to research activities, identified the most effective areas that improve the quality of this process. Among them, the authors include: the use of the research principle in the process of training future teachers; the implementation of the project-research model of “learning through action”; the construction of training based on a competence-based approach; their involvement in the research space of the university. The article describes the main types of research activities in which future teachers can be involved in order to form research skills. These are: a pedagogical workshop; an experimental platform; participation in scientific, practical, theoretical and pedagogical conferences, seminars; compilation of a reference book, dictionary, thematic collections (together with teachers); writing articles in collections, magazines, newspapers; preparation of reports, speeches; development of abstracts on topical topics; conducting diagnostic studies; studying at the master’s degree, and then postgraduate studies, job application ( long-term plan).
Differences between European and Latin American consciousness in the learning process
Authors: Ivanov Oleg B. , Posevina Natalia V.
Published: October 2021

To achieve effective results in the learning process as a conscious type of activity, it is important to understand preconditions that determine basic components contributing to manifestation of subject’s mechanisms of perception of the surrounding reality, as well as features of thinking while implementing certain objectives. In this regard, it is of particular interest to research human consciousness in the process of its formation and functioning within the conditions of different cultural paradigms. The purpose is to identify mentally determined patterns of forming differences between national consciousness of the Europeans and the Latin Americans along with the factors predetermining individual’s mental and behavioral reactions. The authors also aim to determine the correlation between ethnical and sociocultural traditions and mechanisms of a subject’s manifestation of consciousness in the learning process. The analysis is based on the conceptual achievements in psychology, sociology, and education. The category of consciousness is considered from the point of view of the historically established mental differences between the European and the Latin American national consciousness on the basis of conceptual studies and taking into account sociocultural indicators. The research methods used include analysis and synthesis, classification and the comparative typological method. As a result, the obvious impact of the mental component upon formation and realization of Spanish native speakers’ consciousness within the conditions of European and Latin American paradigms was revealed. Particularly, the research has identified differences in parenting and education processes in the given cultures that have an impact on individual’s development and personality as a whole, as well as the factors determining subjects’ motivation when solving problems and achieving goals in the educational process.
The novelty of information as one of the principles of studying the work of a Russian writer in a national audience
Authors: Tedtoeva Zinaida Kh.
Published: October 2021

Humanities education, knowledge of the life of a great person, his work – all this is a true means of moral, aesthetic education of students, the formation of a comprehensive personality of a person. The issues of studying Russian literature in the national audience are relevant, as clearly evidenced by the works of A.I. Gusev, M.M. Rybnikova, V.F. Infantiev, A.A. Lipaev, A.G. Losev, K.K. Maltseva, I.H. Mayorova, N.K. Kungurov, B.A. Khodzhibaeva, L.A. Sheiman, A.V. Ryzhevolova, M. M. Abduvalieva and others. In their research, it provides scientific justification and characteristics of the proposed methods. So, as noted by the authors: it is necessary to carry out taking into account the factors that form the ethical and aesthetic traditions and artistic taste of students. In a lesson dedicated to the activities of the great writer, the teacher acquaints students with a brilliant creator, whose life is mastering the heights of human knowledge, a feat of serving the native people, an example of honesty, morality, and integrity. The novelty of the solution to the problem under consideration lies in the fact that the author has convincingly shown that information about the translations of the works of the Russian writer, in particular, I.S. Turgenev into the native language of students; translation work is a school of excellence for a national writer.
Problems of Iran’s relations with the leading world Powers in the initial period of the Second World War (1939–1941)
Authors: Dudaiti Аlbert K.
Published: October 2021

The article examines the complex relations between Iran and the leading world powers at the initial stage of the Second World War. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that Iran’s foreign policy is considered in the context of active diplomatic maneuvers of the Reza Shah government aimed at distancing itself from the belligerent powers and preserving Iran’s neutrality. The novelty of the research consists in studying the features of the foreign policy actions of the government of the Ira, which allow us to reveal the reasons for the formation of conflict relations with Great Britain and the USSR in the initial period of the war. It is established that despite the predominant military-political rivalry at the beginning of the war between Germany and Great Britain, the Iranian authorities were afraid of an invasion of the country by Anglo-Soviet troops. At the same time, it is emphasized that such a danger was real, given the active underground activities of Nazi agents in this country directed against the USSR, as well as the growth of pro-German sentiments in the Iranian government. These circumstances caused the desire of the USSR leadership to secure the southern borders of the country; In turn, the government of Great Britain set a goal to prevent Nazi Germany from implementing its long-term plans to invade the territories of the Near and Middle East controlled by the British, as well as British India. As a result of the conducted research, it is concluded that the entry of Anglo-Soviet troops into the territory of Iran was the logical consequence of the failed foreign policy actions of the Shah’s government aimed at further rapprochement with Nazi Germany, with the expectation that after its victory over the Soviet Union, Iran will be able to expand its borders at the expense of the border territories of the Soviet Transcaucasia.
Control and evaluation activity of primary schoolchildren and its formation in mathematics lessons
Authors: Khablieva vetlana R. , Kargieva Zamirat K.
Published: October 2021

The article actualizes the problem of the formation of control and evaluation activities of junior schoolchildren in mathematics lessons, reveals the essence of the basic concepts of the study. Various aspects of control and evaluation activities are described. The problem of readiness to use modern means of assessment is considered.
Methods and means of forming control and evaluative independence of primary schoolchildren are systematized. The problems that are encountered when using innovative assessment tools are identified, as well as the advantages of modern assessment tools in comparison with the traditional system. The stages of the formation of control and evaluative activity in younger schoolchildren, implying the development of evaluative independence, have been determined. Control and evaluation activities should be considered as an element of formative assessment, containing control and evaluation activities of the teacher and the student.
The federal state educational standard of primary general education is focused on achieving the planned results: personal, metasubject and subject. When considering metasubject results, universal educational actions are distinguished, consisting of regulatory universal educational actions, including elements of control and assessment. During the formation of control and assessment, junior schoolchildren develop control and assessment independence.
Until now, the assessment system was built within the framework of a subject-oriented approach, therefore it reflects only the result of mastering knowledge in each subject, and not educational and cognitive activities or, moreover, the assessment of personal and metasubject educational achievements of students. In the new assessment system, criteria are developed jointly by the teacher and students and are aimed at ensuring that students participate in assessment and assessment activities, thereby developing the skills of control, mutual control and self-assessment.
The development of pedagogical science, the experience of Russia’s participation in international procedures for assessing the quality of education, the introduction and implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard and the resulting changes in the system for assessing learning outcomes determined the relevance of the topic under consideration.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of innovative development in countries with different types of national innovation systems
Authors: Dadashova Tatyana A.
Published: October 2021

Today, in the context of crisis phenomena, limited resources, external challenges and threats, the key importance in managing the economic systems of states is to maintain economic growth and sustainable economic development. One of the main factors for ensuring economic growth is the active introduction of innovations in various spheres of social production. With the help of innovations, the growth of the main macroeconomic indicators is carried out by reducing material costs (reducing energy intensity, capital intensity of production) and without additional involvement of labor in production. In the scientific literature, there are various models of the transition of the state’s economic system to the path of innovative development. The main condition for the effectiveness of the innovation process in the state is the integrity of its institutional infrastructure. In a broad sense, such an infrastructure is understood as a national innovation system (NIS). In the economic literature, there are three main types of NIS: Euro-Atlantic, Asian, and alternative. The article assesses the dependence of economic growth on the innovative development of states with different types of NIS. The factors that have the greatest impact on economic growth in the Russian Federation are identified, and the main directions for the development of innovation activities are formed, depending on the identified factors.
Research into the genesis of innovative products and professions of the future in the context of technological revolutions
Authors: Orekhov Viktor D. , Blinnikova AllaV. , Karanashev Anzor Kh.
Published: October 2021

A survey method was used to investigate the genetic relationships between innovative products and professions of the future potential technological revolution of the cyber-physical, biomedical, and related spheres. It is shown, that products of biomedical orientation lead in the field of high estimates, with 8 products having a C2-5 score of 4.13-4.08, which is higher than the leading product in cyberphysical area (compact supercomputers – 4.02). In the area of lower scores, the difference in scores between the two areas increases. The leaders among the products of the biomedical field are: successful treatment of heart attack and stroke, vision restoration, successful treatment of 95% of cancer patients, prevention of genetic diseases, treatment of drug and alcohol addiction, hearing restoration, human organ regeneration, and physical organ rehabilitation (C2-5=4.13 to 4.05).
Comparison of the specialties from the “Atlas of New Professions” of cyberphysical and biomedical orientation with the corresponding innovative products indicated the presence of genetic links between them. The key requirement for the development of professional skills of human capital in conditions of technological revolutions is the orientation on the professions required for the most demanded innovative products, primarily medical and biological, cyber-physical and cyber-medical specializations.
The results obtained can be used for investment forecasts, as well as for long-term planning of professional training of specialists in the period of the emerging technological revolution.
The Role of Political Economy in Determining the Goals of Firm Laws
Authors: Mohammad Reza Pasban  , Seyyed Hadi Farrokhi
Published: October 2021

The emergence of political schools, especially leftist views, created a closer link between economy on the one hand and political views and schools on the other hand. In fact, prior to the advent of economics-based political schools, the relationship between political schools and economics was not clear, and instead, economic tendencies were mostly stressed by scholars and business organizations. Despite the fact that mercantilism did not last long, and survived for almost only two centuries, it exerted a profound impact on the structure of the western economy. Although the classical school, and mainly Adam Smith, played a role in undermining the idea of mercantilism, it lost its position with the rise of nationalist ideas in the 19th century. In fact, the discriminatory implications and issues of the liberal approach led to the boom of socialism. In the field of political economy, the function of corporate governance has long been of interest to scholars, at the core of which are the two shareholder-based and stakeholder-based views. While the former highlights the interests of the ultimate owners of the company, the latter underscores the interests of the community and all stakeholders as the goal of corporate governance, and both pursue different and sometimes conflicting objectives. The basis of such a difference lies in the discrepancy between individualism and socialism, an influential factor in goal determination of firms.
Development of a roadmap for the development of industrial holdings in the digital economy
Authors: Rudenko Nikolai S.
Published: October 2021

The development of the market economy at the present stage is characterized by the mass use of technologies of the fourth industrial revolution in key areas of activity of organizations and individual entrepreneurs. The article considers the impact of the digital economy on the development of industrial holdings in the Russian Federation. When implementing digital technologies, industrial holdings may face financial and production risks. To minimize these risks, the heads of industrial holdings need to carefully plan the process of digitalization of an industrial holding. The most promising method of planning is the system of corporate roadmaps of an industrial holding. Currently, roadmaps are actively used in all spheres of the economy. Road mapping technologies can be used to solve various tasks of an industrial holding. The paper provides an overview of the existing approaches of Russian and foreign economists to understanding the roadmap. The author’s definition of the industrial holding’s roadmap is proposed, taking into account the main provisions of the digital economy. The main functions and goals of roadmaps in Russian industrial holdings are systematized. The study describes the existing types of road maps. The main advantages of using the roadmap by industrial holdings of the Russian Federation are determined. The key disadvantages of using road maps are identified on the basis of the graph method. The object of the study is the industrial holdings of the Russian Federation. The subject of the research is the development of an algorithm for the roadmap for the introduction of digital technologies into the activities of an industrial holding. The methodological features of the algorithm for creating the roadmap of an industrial holding are determined. The research methods used include analysis and synthesis, the method of logic, description and modeling.
The corporate component of the public sector of the Russian economy: structure, assessment parameters, characteristics
Authors: Khimchenko Andrey N. , Plaksina Anastasiia M.
Published: October 2021

The article systematizes the organizational and legal forms of legal entities of financial and non-financial corporations under the control of the state in the Russian Federation, which made it possible to outline the boundaries of the corporate component of the public sector of the economy. A system of indicators for quantitative measurement of this segment of the national economy is proposed.
The most important indicators of the financial and economic activities of federal joint-stock companies (JSC) and federal state unitary enterprises (FSUE) are highlighted, data on which are presented on the website of the Federal State Statistics Service. The analysis of the dynamics of the number of federal JSCs and FSUEs in 2016-2020 was carried out, as a result of which a tendency towards a decrease in their number in Russia was revealed. An assessment of the share of profitable federal joint-stock companies and federal state unitary enterprises for each type of activity is given in comparison with this indicator on average in Russia. The dynamics of the profit received by federal JSCs and FSUEs and the share in the total volume of profits in the Russian Federation in 2018-2019 were also investigated.
It was revealed that in Russia the municipal level in most information sources on the functioning of the state sector of the economy is not covered by statistical observation. It is noted that the work of the Analytical Center under the Government of the Russian Federation helps to compose the idea of ​​the activities of unitary enterprises at all three levels of government. At the same time, the available information base makes it possible to characterize the activities of only joint-stock companies of the federal level. In this regard, for a more complete characterization of the scale of the corporate component of the public sector of the economy, it is proposed to analyze the share of the largest companies with state participation (KSU) in the country’s aggregate economic indicators, information about which is provided by various rating agencies. It has been proved that in terms of capitalization of KSUs and the number of employed in them, Russia is ahead of many developed countries. This allows us to conclude that the Russian public sector is being built on the basis of a “corporate model”.
Worldview formation and Otto von Bismarck development as a politician
Authors: Lokhova Irina V.
Published: October 2021

The main aim of the article is to consider impartially the formation of O. Bismarck’s worldview and the stages of his development as a political figure. A lot of biographers are often biased and sometimes reach panegyric or censure in their attitude to this person. The article examines objectively the factors that influenced the formation of O. Bismarck’s personality, limiting itself only to the main features of his personal character and family environment, without dwelling in detail on his political activities. Bismarck’s mother was excellently educated, combined the sentimental-religious mood of her century and the liberal beliefs inherited from her father, she aimed to awaken ambition and the desire to achieve her goals in her children from childhood. His father, unlike emotionless and refined mother, was a former military man who preferred rural life to urban life and he spoiled children in every possible way and was the soul of the family. She was shrewd and ambitious, personified intelligence and she loved to have conversations with intelligent people and to play chess, he was full of humor and fun and he preferred living on the estate and hunting. Perhaps due to this inconsistency, Bismarck was not brought up in class prejudices in his native home, but later his basic beliefs were formed under the influence of the environment.
Public associations of the Cossacks of modern Russia (early 1990s – early 2020s)
Authors: Matsievsky German O.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the consideration of modern Cossack public organizations, the dynamics of their formation, the goals of their activities. The relevance of the topic is that representatives of the Cossack movement live in all regions of the country. They are actively involved in social, political, economic and cultural life. Today in Russia there are two main organizational forms of the Cossack movement - public Cossack organizations, acting on the basis of the Federal Law “On Public Organizations”, and Cossack societies, which are included in the state register for carrying out civil service, they operate on the basis of the Federal Law “On Civil Service Russian Cossacks “. The purpose of the article is to study all-Russian public associations of the Cossacks on the basis of considering their development, formulated goals and objectives. In the course of the study, methodological principles such as historicism and scientific objectivity were used, comparative, historical-genetic, problem-chronological and “oral history” methods were used.
In modern Russia, the largest and most authoritative are two public organizations of the Cossacks: the All-Russian public organization “Union of Cossacks” and the All-Russian public organization for the development of the Cossacks “Union of Cossacks-Warriors of Russia and Abroad”. These organizations demand the revival of the Cossacks as a “special nation”, participation in strengthening statehood, socio-political stability and interethnic harmony, participation in the organization of military-patriotic education of youth and educational activities, the development of the economic base of the Cossacks and the promotion of its cultural and historical characteristics.
Problems of admission of female persons to jurors in the Russian Empire in the period from 1864 to 1917
Authors: Musinova Tamara N.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the problems of admission of women to the jury after the judicial reform of Alexander II. Despite the absence of legal restrictions, women were not allowed in the new one. At that time, there was no requirement to regulate the legal practice of women, since the judicial statutes in article 354 had already closed women’s access to the profession because they could not obtain higher education. They had to go through a thorny path from private attorney to sworn attorney. Act of 1874 c. there was an institution of private attorneys and it did not say anything about education and restrictions on the admission of women and women were able to become defenders of their relatives, etc. Emperor Alexander II, by Decree of 1876, banned the access of women to private attorneys. It was not until 1894 that the question of the «women’s bar» reached the government level for the second time. Even 100 deputies of the State Duma appealed in defense of the position of the weaker sex, but without success. Only in 1917, when the Provisional Government issued a Decree «On the admission of women to conduct other people’s cases in judicial institutions», women were legally allowed to conduct cases in the role of jurors. The article is based on: A letter from the Minister of Justice Shcheglovitov dated 21.12.1909 No. 66305 to P. A. Stolypin regarding the granting of women the right to be sworn attorneys, which is stored in the funds of the RSIA. The article examines the conditions under which women were introduced to a new class of lawyers in the legal circles of St. Petersburg. The regional aspect of the problem has not yet been sufficiently developed and the study of the female class of jurors is just beginning. It is shown that the topic deserves scientific deepening, since the female sex of lawyers in the middle of the XIX century was a small professional group. The author of the article draws a conclusion about the problems faced by women when entering a new class.