bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanopaper‐Based Organic Inkjet‐Printed Diodes
Authors: Conti Silvia , Martínez‐Domingo Carme , Lay Makara , Terés Lluís , Vilaseca Fabiola , Ramon Eloi
Published: April 2020

The rise of internet of things (IoTs) applications has led to the development of a new generation of light‐weight, flexible, and cost‐effective electronics. These devices and sensors have to be simultaneously easily replaceable and disposable while being environmentally sustainable. Thus, the introduction of new functionalized materials with mechanical flexibility that can be processed using large‐area and facile fabrication methods (as, for example, printing technologies) has become a matter of great interest in the scientific community. In this context, cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are renewable, affordable, robust, and nontoxic materials that are rapidly emerging as components for eco‐friendly electronics. Their combination with conductive polymers (CPs) to obtain conductive nanopapers (CNPs) allows moving their functionality from just substrates to active components of the device. In this work, a route for the inkjet‐printing of organic diodes is outlined. The proposed strategy is based on the use of CNPs as both substrates and bottom electrodes onto which insulator and organic semiconducting layers are deposited to fabricate novel diode structures. Remarkable rectification ratios of up to 1.2 × 103 at |3 V| and a current density up to 5.1 µA cm−2 are achieved. As a proof‐of‐concept of the potentiality of the approach for versatile, low‐temperature, and disposable sensing applications, an NO2 gas sensor is presented.
Bench‐Stable Manganese NHC Complexes for the Selective Reduction of Esters to Alcohols with Silanes
Authors: Sousa Sara C. A. , Realista Sara , Royo Beatriz
Published: April 2020

Selective reduction of esters to alcohols was accomplished through Mn(I)‐mediated hydrosilylation reaction. The manganese tricarbonyl complex [Mn(bis‐NHC)(CO)3Br] resulted an active pre‐catalyst for the reduction of a variety of esters using phenylsilane and the cheap and readily available polymethylhydrosiloxane. An in situ examination of the catalytic reaction using 55Mn NMR spectroscopy allowed us to detect the formation of Mn(I) intermediate active species.

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Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Cyano(Fluoro)Alkylation of Alkenes
Authors: Israr Muhammad , Xiong Haigen , Li Yajun , Bao Hongli
Published: April 2020

A copper‐catalyzed asymmetric cyano(fluoro)alkylation reaction of alkenes is reported. A range of chiral fluoroalkyl cyanides were obtained in high yields and excellent enantiomeric excess from readily available chemicals. The method uses fluoroalkyl iodides as the fluoroalkyl source and employs mild conditions. The peroxide LPO plays a significant role in promotion of this radical asymmetric reaction.

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Chronic myeloid leukemia: 2020 update on diagnosis, therapy and monitoring
Authors: Jabbour Elias , Kantarjian Hagop
Published: April 2020

Disease overview

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm with an incidence of 1‐2 cases per 100 000 adults. It accounts for approximately 15% of newly diagnosed cases of leukemia in adults.

Diagnosis

CML is characterized by a balanced genetic translocation, t(9;22)(q34;q11.2), involving a fusion of the Abelson gene (ABL1) from chromosome 9q34 with the breakpoint cluster region (BCR) gene on chromosome 22q11.2. This rearrangement is known as the Philadelphia chromosome. The molecular consequence of this translocation is the generation of a BCR‐ABL1 fusion oncogene, which in turn translates into a BCR‐ABL oncoprotein.

Frontline therapy

Four tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib, and bosutinib are approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for first‐line treatment of newly diagnosed CML in chronic phase (CML‐CP). Clinical trials with second generation TKIs reported significantly deeper and faster responses, but they had no impact on survival prolongation, likely because of the existence of highly effective salvage therapies for patients who have a cytogenetic relapse with frontline TKI.

Salvage Therapy

For CML post failure on frontline therapy, second‐line options include second and third generation TKIs. Although potent and selective, these exhibit unique pharmacological profiles and response patterns relative to different patient and disease characteristics, such as patientsʼ comorbidities, disease stage, and BCR‐ABL1 mutational status. Patients who develop the T315I “gatekeeper” mutation display resistance to all currently available TKIs except ponatinib. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation remains an important therapeutic option for patients with CML‐CP who have failed at least 2 TKIs, and for all patients in advanced phase disease. Even among older patients who have a cytogenetic relapse post failure on all TKIs, they can maintain long‐term survival if they continue on a daily most effective/less toxic TKI, with or without the addition of non‐TKI anti‐CML agents (hydroxyurea, omacetaxine, azacitidine, decitabine, cytarabine, busulfan, others).
Predicting 19F NMR Chemical Shifts: A Combined Computational and Experimental Study of a Trypanosomal Oxidoreductase–Inhibitor Complex
Authors: Dietschreit Johannes C. B. , Wagner Annika , Le T. Anh , Klein Philipp , Schindelin Hermann , Opatz Till , Engels Bernd , Hellmich Ute A. , Ochsenfeld Christian
Published: April 2020

The absence of fluorine from most biomolecules renders it an excellent probe for NMR spectroscopy to monitor inhibitor–protein interactions. However, predicting the binding mode of a fluorinated ligand from a chemical shift (or vice versa) has been challenging due to the high electron density of the fluorine atom. Nonetheless, reliable 19F chemical‐shift predictions to deduce ligand‐binding modes hold great potential for in silico drug design. Herein, we present a systematic QM/MM study to predict the 19F NMR chemical shifts of a covalently bound fluorinated inhibitor to the essential oxidoreductase tryparedoxin (Tpx) from African trypanosomes, the causative agent of African sleeping sickness. We include many protein–inhibitor conformations as well as monomeric and dimeric inhibitor–protein complexes, thus rendering it the largest computational study on chemical shifts of 19F nuclei in a biological context to date. Our predicted shifts agree well with those obtained experimentally and pave the way for future work in this area.
Nanoformulated Single‐Stranded RNA‐Based Adjuvant with a Coordinative Amphiphile as an Effective Stabilizer: Inducing Humoral Immune Response by Activation of Antigen‐Presenting Cells
Authors: Park Hyo‐Jung , Bang Eun‐Kyoung , Hong Jung Joo , Lee Sang‐Myeong , Ko Hae Li , Kwak Hye Won , Park Hyelim , Kang Kyung Won , Kim Rhoon‐Ho , Ryu Seung Rok , Kim Green , Oh Hanseul , Kim Hye‐Jung , Lee Kyuri , Kim Minjeong , Kim Soo Young , Kim Jae‐Ouk , El‐Baz Karim , Lee Hyukjin , Song Manki , Jeong Dae Gwin , Keum Gyochang , Nam Jae‐Hwan
Published: April 2020

As agonists of TLR7/8, single‐stranded RNAs (ssRNAs) are safe and promising adjuvants that do not cause off‐target effects or innate immune overactivation. However, low stability prevents them from mounting sufficient immune responses. This study evaluates the adjuvant effects of ssRNA derived from the cricket paralysis virus intergenic region internal ribosome entry site, formulated as nanoparticles with a coordinative amphiphile, containing a zinc/dipicolylamine complex moiety as a coordinative phosphate binder, as a stabilizer for RNA‐based adjuvants. The nanoformulated ssRNA adjuvant was resistant to enzymatic degradation in vitro and in vivo, and that with a coordinative amphiphile bearing an oleyl group (CA‐O) was approximately 100 nm, promoted effective recognition, and improved activation of antigen‐presenting cells, leading to better induction of neutralizing antibodies following single immunization. Hence, CA‐O may increase the efficacy of ssRNA‐based adjuvants, proving useful to meet the urgent need for vaccines during pathogen outbreaks.
Fluoro‐Substituted Methyllithium Chemistry: External Quenching Method Using Flow Microreactors
Authors: Colella Marco , Tota Arianna , Takahashi Yusuke , Higuma Ryosuke , Ishikawa Susumu , Degennaro Leonardo , Luisi Renzo , Nagaki Aiichiro
Published: April 2020

The external quenching method based on flow microreactors allows the generation and use of short‐lived fluoro‐substituted methyllithium reagents, such as fluoromethyllithium, fluoroiodomethyllithium, and fluoroiodostannylmethyllithium. Highly chemoselective reactions have been developed, opening new opportunities in the synthesis of fluorinated molecules using fluorinated organometallics.
Taming the Reactivity of Phosphiranium Salts: Site‐Selective C‐Centered Ring Opening for Direct Synthesis of Phosphinoethylamines
Authors: Gasnot Julien , Botella Clément , Comesse Sébastien , Lakhdar Sami , Alayrac Carole , Gaumont Annie‐Claude , Dalla Vincent , Taillier Catherine
Published: April 2020

Advances in the field of phosphorus chemistry are documented, by revealing the synthetic utility of previously underutilized quaternary phosphiranium salts (QPrS) as three‐chain‐atom electrophilic building blocks. Notably, control of their challenging C‐centered electrophilicity is disclosed with an expedient synthesis of tertiary β‐anilino phosphines as a proof‐of‐concept.
Surface Charges at the CaF2/Water Interface Allow Very Fast Intermolecular Vibrational‐Energy Transfer
Authors: Lesnicki Dominika , Zhang Zhen , Bonn Mischa , Sulpizi Marialore , Backus Ellen H. G.
Published: April 2020

We investigate the dynamics of water in contact with solid calcium fluoride, where at low pH, localized charges can develop upon fluorite dissolution. We use 2D surface‐specific vibrational spectroscopy to quantify the heterogeneity of the interfacial water (D2O) molecules and provide information about the sub‐picosecond vibrational‐energy‐relaxation dynamics at the buried solid/liquid interface. We find that strongly H‐bonded OD groups, with a vibrational frequency below 2500 cm−1, display very rapid spectral diffusion and vibrational relaxation; for weakly H‐bonded OD groups, above 2500 cm−1, the dynamics slows down substantially. Atomistic simulations based on electronic‐structure theory reveal the molecular origin of energy transport through the local H‐bond network. We conclude that strongly oriented H‐bonded water molecules in the adsorbed layer, whose orientation is pinned by the localized charge defects, can exchange vibrational energy very rapidly due to the strong collective dipole, compensating for a partially missing solvation shell.
Structural phase transition, thermal analysis, and spectroscopic studies in an organic–inorganic hybrid crystal: [(CH3)2NH2]2ZnBr4
Authors: Mahfoudh N. , Karoui K. , Jomni F. , Ben Rhaiem A.
Published: April 2020

An organic–inorganic hybrid compound [(CH3)2NH2]2ZnBr4 has been prepared at room temperature under the slow evaporation method. Its structure was solved at 150 K using the single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction method. [(CH3)2NH2]2ZnBr4 crystallizes in the monoclinic system – a = 8.5512 (12) Å, b = 11.825 (2) Å, c = 13.499 (2) Å, β = 90.358 (6)°, V = 1365 (4) Å3, and Z = 4, space group P21/n. In the structure of [(CH3)2NH2]2ZnBr4, tetrabromozincate anions are connected to organic cations through N–H⋯Br hydrogen bonds. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements indicate that [(CH3)2NH2]2ZnBr4 undergoes four phase transitions at T1 = 281 K, T2 = 340 K, T3 = 377 K, and T4 = 408 K. Meanwhile, several studies including DSC measurements and variable‐temperature structural analyses were performed to reveal the structural phase transition at T = 281 K in [(CH3)2NH2]2ZnBr4. Conductivity and dielectric study as a function of temperature (378 < T [K] < 423) and frequency (10−1 < f [Hz] < 106) were investigated. Analysis of equivalent circuit, alternating current conductivity, and dielectric studies confirmed the phase transition at T4. Conduction takes place by correlated barrier hopping in each phase.
Robust and guaranteed output‐feedback force control of piezoelectric actuator under temperature variation and input constraints
Authors: Hammouche Mounir , Lutz Philippe , Rakotondrabe Micky
Published: April 2020

This paper addresses the control of manipulation force in a piezoelectric tube actuator (piezotube) subjected to temperature variation and input constrains. To handle this problem a robust output‐feedback design is proposed using an interval state‐space model, which permits consideration of the parameter uncertainties caused by temperature variation. The design method is robust in the sense that the eigenvalues of the interval system are designed to be clustered inside desired regions. For that, an algorithm based on Set Inversion Via Interval Analysis (SIVIA) combined with interval eigenvalues computation is proposed. This recursive SIVIA‐based algorithm allows to approximate with subpaving the set solutions of the feedback gain [K] that satisfy the inclusion of the eigenvalues of the closed‐loop system in the desired region, while at the same time ensuring the control inputs amplitude is bounded by specified saturation. The effectiveness of the control strategy is illustrated by experiments on a real piezotube of which the environmental temperature is varied.
Long‐term economic consequences of corporate environmental responsibility: Evidence from heavily polluting listed companies in China
Authors: Xu Fei , Yang Mian , Li Qiangyi , Yang Xiaolei
Published: April 2020

In this study, we aim to investigate the long‐term economic consequences of corporate environmental responsibility (CER) by companies from the perspective of earnings persistence and investors' response. Based on firm‐level data of 1,010 heavily polluting listed companies in China, the empirical results are as follows. First, the CER of China's heavily polluting listed companies has significantly improved their earnings persistence, that is, earnings quality. Second, the positive long‐term economic effect of CER has been achieved through two paths: improving companies' operational efficiency and reducing their credit costs. Third, CER increases investors' response to heavily polluting companies' accounting earnings. Moreover, state‐owned listed companies achieve more significant positive long‐term economic effects from CER than others. The results suggest that heavily polluting companies should correctly identify the long‐term value of CER rather than pay excessive attention to the impact of CER on their current costs and benefits.
UV‐Induced Charge‐Transfer States in Short Guanosine‐Containing DNA Oligonucleotides
Authors: Kufner Corinna L. , Zinth Wolfgang , Bucher Dominik B.
Published: April 2020

Charge transfer has proven to be an important mechanism in DNA photochemistry. In particular, guanine (dG) plays a major role as an electron donor, but the photophysical dynamics of dG‐containing charge‐transfer states have not been extensively investigated so far. Here, we use UV pump (266 nm) and picosecond IR probe (∼5–7 μm) spectroscopy to study ultrafast dynamics in dG‐containing short oligonucleotides as a function of sequence and length. For the pure purine oligomers, we observed lifetimes for the charge‐transfer states of the order of several hundreds of picoseconds, regardless of the oligonucleotide length. In contrast, pyrimidine‐containing dinucleotides d(GT) and d(GC) show much faster relaxation dynamics in the 10 to 30 ps range. In all studied nucleotides, the charge‐transfer states are formed with an efficiency of the order of ∼50 %. These photophysical characteristics will lead to an improved understanding of DNA damage and repair processes.
Plantamajoside inhibits the proliferation and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via modulating hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α‐dependent gene expression
Authors: Yin Wenzhe , Xu Jun , Li Chao , Dai Xiankui , Wu Tong , Wen Jifeng
Published: April 2020

As a potential antitumor herbal medicine, plantamajoside (PMS) benefits the treatment of many human malignances. However, the role of PMS in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the related molecular mechanisms is still unknown. Here, we proved that the cell viabilities of HepG2 cells were gradually decreased with the increasing concentrations of CoCl2 and/or PMS via cell counting kit‐8 assay. Meanwhile, 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and western blot assays were used to further confirm that PMS inhibited the CoCl2‐induced cell proliferation in HepG2 cells via suppressing the Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expressions. We also performed wound‐healing and transwell assays and demonstrated that PMS inhibited CoCl2‐induced migration and invasion in HepG2 cells via suppressing the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. In addition, the use of 3‐(5′‐hydroxymethyl‐2′‐furyl)‐1‐benzylindazole further proved that PMS inhibited the malignant biological behaviors of HepG2 cells under hypoxic condition by suppressing the hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) expression. Besides, we further confirmed that PMS suppressed the growth and metastasis of implanted tumors in vivo. Given that PMS suppressed the proliferation and EMT induced by CoCl2 in HCC cells via downregulating HIF‐1α signaling pathway, we provided evidence that PMS might be a novel anti‐cancer drug for HCC treatment.
Mental health consultation in education settings: Supporting grown‐ups to better support kids
Authors: Newland Rebecca , Silver Rebecca B.
Published: April 2020

Olivia has attended ABC Early Learning Program since infancy, and she transitioned to the preschool classroom 3 months ago, shortly after her fourth birthday. She has always been described as an “opinionated,” “busy” child, but her behaviors were manageable throughout her infant and toddler years. However, Olivia's preschool teacher, Miss Pam, calls the director into the classroom almost daily to help her manage Olivia's behavior. Miss Pam indicates that Olivia “goes from 0 to 100” quickly and can be triggered by “anything,” including a child taking her toy, not having her preferred snack, circle time, or transitions from a preferred activity (e.g., art) to a nonpreferred activity (e.g., cleanup, nap). When upset, Olivia will hit or kick peers, throw off her shoes, rip pictures and posters from the wall, and refuse to comply with teacher directions. It can take anywhere from 5 to 30 minutes for Olivia to calm down and rejoin the classroom routine. Miss Pam feels that Olivia is taking away important instructional time from the rest of the children and worries about other parents complaining that their children are being hurt. At home, Olivia's mother acknowledged that Olivia is a “tough kid” and she isn't always sure how to “make her listen.” Miss Pam and the center director wonder if they can support Olivia in their program. They have told Olivia's mother that she will need to find another placement if Olivia's behaviors do not improve in the next month.
#WordsMatter—Communicating the voluntary‐to‐involuntary spectrum in conversion disorder
Authors: Willis Matthew D.
Published: April 2020

Conversion disorder (also referred to as functional neurological disorder) represents one of the most functionally impairing and clinically challenging illnesses in all of pediatric mental health. While conversion disorder can present clinically in multiple ways, from nonepileptic seizures to psychogenic blindness to upper‐ and/or lower‐extremity weakness with or without significant gait disturbance, these clinical manifestations all share in common the presence of functionally impairing motor and/or sensory symptoms that exist in the absence of a specific identifiable structural cause, and are assessed to be either caused by or propagated by emotional (and therefore neurochemical) factors.
Telemental health comes into its own with social distancing
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: April 2020

Telepsychiatry, telemental health, telepsychology, teletherapy — whatever you call it, it is now required in the era of the coronavirus/COVID‐19 pandemic. “We should be doing it immediately; the more, the better,” said Robert Caudill, M.D., a member of the American Psychiatric Association's Committee on Telepsychiatry. “It's exploded in the past week, obviously,” he told CABL in a Zoom interview on March 23. But he thinks it should be the norm.
Pediatricians are ready for COVID‐19 and other emergencies
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: April 2020

In January — just as COVID‐19 was on the verge of being a worldwide pandemic — the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and emergency medicine associations released a joint policy statement, “Pediatric Readiness in Emergency Medical Services Systems,” designed to bolster the emergency medical system so that children are well cared for.
Tango therapy for Parkinson's disease: Effects of rush elemental tango therapy
Authors: Koh Youngsoon , Noh Geunwoong
Published: April 2020

Tango therapy is very effective by applying tango elements according to the clinical severity and status of a patient. Maximization of the clinical effects of tango therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease may be achieved by the proper prescription of tango elements according to the clinical status of a patient.
Lithium‐Ion Transfer at Cathode‐Electrolyte Interface in Diluted Electrolytes Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Ohashi Toshiyuki , Okazaki Ken‐ichi , Fukunaga Toshiharu , Ogumi Zempachi , Abe Takeshi
Published: April 2020

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) exhibits a superior performance in separating elementary processes based on different time constants of wide frequency scans without the destruction of electronic devices. Therefore, it was adapted for the evaluation of the interface between the electrode and the electrolyte in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Using the cathode half‐cell of the LIBs, systematic EIS analyses were conducted for various electrolyte concentrations and rest periods at precisely controlled states of charge. Remarkable hysteresis of the charge transfer resistance between the charge and discharge processes was presented in the diluted electrolyte solutions; furthermore, the hysteresis increased with longer rest periods and remained even after 10 h. It is very likely that the hysteresis was caused by the evolution of the cathode–electrolyte interface, which would depend on the relative ratio of solvated species to free solvents based on the concentration of the electrolyte.
Dense Reduced Graphene Oxide Films Obtained by Pressing Create Stable and Compact Capacitive Energy Storage
Authors: Lin Dou , Tang Zihui , Pan Qijun , Zhang Shiping , Huo Dexian , Yan Sisi , Han Fangming
Published: April 2020

It is generally believed that the re‐stacking of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets limits the electrochemical energy storage. Therefore, rGO based electrodes are usually designed to be non‐compact porous and fluffy structures. However, fluffy structures could reduce the conductance, structure stability, and cycling stability of electrodes. Here, to balance the contradiction, three electrodes with different compactness were studied. Amazingly, dense rGO hydrogel films (DrGO‐HF) achieved by simply pressing filtrated rGO films, show highly stable (92 % capacitance retention after 250 000 cycles) and high‐performance compact capacitive energy storage, which can be attributed to the structural stability and electrical conductivity enhanced by the close contact between graphene sheets. This study clarifies the scientific fact that the re‐stacking of rGO sheets would not degrade the electrochemical energy storage performances, which is of great significance for the design and preparation of supercapacitor electrodes with high volumetric energy density.
Emergence of a New [NNN] Pincer Ligand via Si−H Bond Activation and β‐Hydride Abstraction at Tetravalent Cerium
Authors: Werner Daniel , Bayer Uwe , Schädle Dorothea , Anwander Reiner
Published: April 2020

The cerium(IV) pyrazolate complexes [Ce(Me2pz)4]2 and [Ce(Me2pz)4(thf)] initiate β‐hydride abstraction of the bis(dimethylsilyl)amido moiety, to afford a heteroleptic cerium(IV) species containing a dimethylpyrazolyl‐substituted silylamido ligand, namely [Ce(Me2pz)3(bpsa)] (bpsa=bis((3,5‐dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)dimethylsilyl)amido; Me2pz =3,5‐dimethylpyrazolato), along with some cerium(III) species. Remarkably, the nucleophilic attack of the pyrazolyl at the silicon atom and concomitant Si−H‐bond cleavage is restricted to the tetravalent cerium oxidation state and appears to proceed via the formation of a transient cerium(IV) hydride, which engages in immediate redox chemistry. When [Ce(Me2pz)4]2 is treated with [Li{N(SiMe3)2}], that is, in the absence of the SiH functionality, any redox chemistry did not occur. Instead, the ceric ate complex [LiCe2(Me2pz)9] and the stable mixed‐ligand ceric species [Ce(Me2pz)2{N(SiMe3)2}2] were obtained.
RhIII‐Catalyzed Double Dehydrogenative Coupling of Free 1‐Naphthylamines with α,β‐Unsaturated Esters
Authors: Rej Supriya , Chatani Naoto
Published: April 2020

The RhIII‐catalyzed, consecutive double C−H oxidative coupling of free 1‐naphthylamine and α,β‐unsaturated esters through C−H/C−H and C−H/N−H bonds is reported. The one step reaction leads to the formation of biologically important alkylidene‐1,2‐dihydrobenzo[cd]indoles scaffolds. This efficient process is much more synthetically convenient and useful than others because the starting materials, such as 1‐naphthylamine derivatives are readily available and the free amine serves as a directing group.
Unterkante Eis
Authors: Feil Sylvia
Published: April 2020

Bei fallenden Temperaturen drohen Hydrathüllen in biologischen Systemen zu gefrieren. Dadurch können Membrane undicht werden oder Proteine denaturieren. Bekannt sind Frostschutzstrategien – doch ab wie vielen Wassermolekülen in der Umgebung sind sie nötig? Die untere Grenze für die Eiskristallbildung wurde nun erstmals genau bestimmt.
Von Kamelen und Krebsforschung
Authors: Dänzer Tatjana
Published: April 2020

Die moderne Medizin hat innerhalb der letzten Jahrzehnte große Fortschritte gemacht und viele Wirkstoffe an unerwarteten Orten entdeckt. Eine Forschungsrichtung beschäftigt sich nun mit der Nutzung von Kamelen, die in ihrem natürlichen Habitat schon lange als Lieferant von verschiedensten Heilmitteln gelten.
Australia's mysterious rock paintings
Authors: Weiler Reto
Published: April 2020

Jack Pettigrew spent much of his time and energy over the last decade after his retirement exploring the mysterious Bradshaw figures, which are part of the rock art found in the Kimberley region of Western Australia.
Explicitly semantic representation of pattern and combined geometrical specification
Authors: Peng Zhiguo , Huang Meifa , Zhong Yanru , Chen Leilei , Liu Guanghao
Published: April 2020

Model‐based definition (MBD) containing all product and manufacturing information (PMI) has become the data source of future product development because of its incomparable advantages over traditional two‐dimensional drawings. In the whole life cycle of product development, it is an urgent problem to realize the sharing of geometric tolerance specification information of PMI among different CAx (CAD, CAE, CAM, etc.) and the automatic interpretation of its semantics by computer. In this paper, the semantic representation ontology of pattern and combined geometrical specification is studied based on the new generation GPS theory and the construction process is introduced in detail through an example. Benefiting from the logic‐based semantics of the web ontology language (OWL) and semantic web rule language (SWRL), the pattern and combined geometrical specification semantic can be interpreted directly by computer and has the advantages of clear, unambiguous, and consistent at different stages of the product life cycle. At the same time, it can automatically check the consistency of knowledge, reason new knowledge, and semantic query.
Book Review
Authors: Jowers‐Barber Sandra
Published: April 2020

Academic Leadership: A Reflective Practice Guide for Community College Chairs
Book Review
Authors: Hollis Leah P.
Published: April 2020

Next‐Level Leadership
A survey study of attitudes toward, and preferences for, e‐therapy interventions for eating disorder psychopathology
Authors: Linardon Jake , Shatte Adrian , Tepper Hannah , Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz Matthew
Published: April 2020

Objective

E‐therapy shows promise as a solution to the barriers that stand in the way of people receiving eating disorder (ED) treatment. Despite the potential for e‐therapy to reduce the well‐known treatment gap, little is known about public views and perspectives on this mode of intervention delivery. This study explored attitudes toward, and preferences for, e‐therapy among individuals spanning the spectrum of eating pathology.

Method

Survey data assessing e‐therapy attitudes and preferences were analyzed from 713 participants recruited from the public. Participants were categorized into one of five subgroups based on the type of self‐reported ED symptoms and severity/risk level, ranging from high risk to a probable threshold or subthreshold ED.

Results

Attitudes toward e‐therapies appeared to be relatively positive; participants largely supported health care insurance coverage of costs for e‐therapies, and were optimistic about the wide‐ranging benefits of e‐therapy. Although three‐quarters of participants expressed a preference for face‐to‐face therapy, a significant percentage of participants (∼50%) reported an intention to use an e‐therapy program for current or future eating problems, with intention ratings highest (70%) among those with probable bulimia nervosa (BN). Variables associated with an e‐therapy preference were not currently receiving psychotherapy, more positive e‐therapy attitudes, and greater stigma associated with professional help‐seeking. Variables associated with e‐therapy intentions were more positive e‐therapy attitudes and a probable BN classification.

Conclusions

Present findings have important implications for increasing online intervention acceptance, engagement, and help‐seeking among those at different stages of illness.
Nikolaeva et al.'s reference book on seed dormancy and germination
Authors: Rosbakh Sergey , Baskin Carol C. , Baskin Jerry M.
Published: April 2020

Despite the recent advances in seed science research, information on seed dormancy and germination traits is still missing for many lineages of the seed plants. We translated and digitized a huge data set on seed dormancy and germination from the Reference Book On Dormant Seed Germination by M. Nikolaeva, M. Razumova, and V. Gladkova published in Russian in 1985 and previously not readily accessible to the great majority of people in the international scientific community interested in seeds. The data set contains information on the seed dormancy classification (sensu Nikolaeva et al., 1985; Baskin and Baskin, 2004), dormancy‐breaking conditions/germination, and for some of the included species storage behaviour, of seeds of nearly 3000 gymnosperm and angiosperm species from 843 genera and 164 families occurring worldwide. Additionally, the data set contains about 550 references, many of them unknown to seed scientists, to seed ecology research conducted between 1926 and 1985. The data set should be of value to applied, basic, and theoretical plant biologists, ecologists, and evolutionary biologists interested in the various aspects of regeneration of plants from seeds. There are no copyright or proprietary restrictions for research or teaching purposes. The originator of the data would appreciate notification when and how the data are used. When used in published analyses, this paper should be referred to as the data source.
The climatic space of European pollen taxa
Authors: Wei Dongyang , Prentice I. Colin , Harrison Sandy P.
Published: April 2020

Pollen data are widely used to reconstruct past climate changes, using relationships between modern pollen abundance in surface samples and climate at the surface‐sample sites as a calibration. Visualization of modern pollen data in multidimensional climate space provides a way to establish that taxon abundances are well behaved before using them in climate reconstructions. Visualization is also helpful for ecological interpretation of variations in pollen abundance in space and time. Here, we present Generalized Additive Models for the distribution of 195 European pollen and pteridophyte spore taxa in a bioclimate space defined by seasonal temperatures (as mean temperature of the coldest month and annual growing degree days) and an annual moisture index. These models can be used to explore the realized climate niche of pollen taxa and to build statistical models for palaeoclimate reconstruction. The data set is released under a Creative Commons BY license. When using the data set, we kindly request that you cite this article.
Quantifying the roles of seed dispersal, filtering, and climate on regional patterns of grassland biodiversity
Authors: Guittar John , Goldberg Deborah , Klanderud Kari , Berge Astrid , Ramírez Boixaderas Marta , Meineri Eric , Töpper Joachim , Vandvik Vigdis
Published: April 2020

Seed dispersal and local filtering interactively govern community membership and scale up to shape regional vegetation patterns, but data revealing how and why particular species are excluded from specific communities in nature are scarce. This lack of data is a missing link between our theoretical understanding of how diversity patterns can form and how they actually form in nature, and it hampers our ability to predict community responses to climate change. Here, we compare seed, seedling, and adult plant communities at 12 grassland sites with different climates in southern Norway to examine how community membership is interactively shaped by seed dispersal and local filtering, and how this process varies with climate across sites. To do this, we divide species at each site into two groups: locally transient species, which occur as seeds but are rare or absent as adults (i.e., they arrive but are filtered out), and locally persistent species, which occur consistently as adults in annual vegetation surveys. We then ask how and why locally transient species are disfavored during community assembly. Our results led to four main conclusions: (1) the total numbers of seeds and species that arrived, but failed to establish locally persistent populations, rose with temperature, indicating an increase in the realized effects of local filtering on community assembly, as well as an increase in the number of species poised to rapidly colonize those warmer sites if local conditions change in their favor, (2) locally transient species were selectively filtered out during seedling emergence, but not during seedling establishment, (3) selective filtering was partly driven by species climate preferences, exemplified by the poor performance of seeds dispersing outside of their realized climate niches into colder and drier foreign climates, and (4) locally transient species had traits that likely made them better dispersers (i.e., smaller seeds) but poorer competitors for light (i.e., shorter statures and less persistent clonal connections) than locally persistent species, potentially explaining why these species arrived to new sites but did not establish locally persistent adult populations. Our study is the first to combine seed, seedling, and adult survey data across sites to rigorously characterize how seed dispersal and local filtering govern community membership and shape climate‐associated vegetation patterns.
Analysis of nonequilibrium phenomena on electric characteristics of advanced MOSFETs by using a quantum energy transport model
Authors: Inugai Keisuke , Hiroki Akira
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we have investigated nonequilibrium effects for advanced MOSFETs by using a device simulator with quantum energy transport (QET) model. The QET model allows to simulate nonequilibrium carrier transport as well as quantum confinement. The QET model includes the mobility model as a function of carrier temperature in order to consider the nonlocal effects. We have simulated advanced MOSFETs down to 20 nm gate length using the QET model. The QET model is compared with the quantum drift diffusion (QDD) model which includes a mobility model with local assumptions. It is found that the nonlocal mobility model is needed to simulate the advanced MOSFETs with less than 40 nm.
Development of droop control with active power limitation and dc voltage limitation for multiterminal high‐voltage direct current system
Authors: Yoshihara Toru , Kimura Mamoru
Published: April 2020

As for the offshore wind farm connected multiterminal high‐voltage direct current system, this paper proposes the new droop control scheme for onshore converters with active power limitation and dc voltage limitation, and then the simulation results with three‐terminal high‐voltage direct current system model are shown.
High Capacity and Reversibility of Oxygen‐Vacancy‐Controlled MoO3 on Cu in Li‐Ion Batteries: Unveiling Storage Mechanism in Binder‐Free MoO3−x Anodes
Authors: Shin Sooeun , Yoon Jaesang , Kim Eunsoo , Yoon Won-Sub , Shin Hyunjung
Published: April 2020

MoO3 has great potential as an electrode for lithium‐ion batteries due to its unique layered structure that can host Li+. Despite high theoretical capacity (≈1117 mAh g−1), MoO3 is not widely used simply because of poor rate capability due to lower electronic conductivity and severe pulverization. The Li‐storage mechanism in MoO3 is also still unclear. Herein, oxygen‐vacancy‐controlled MoO3 is used without any additional binders and conductive materials to directly examine the Li‐storage mechanism on MoO3−x. Li‐storage capacity based on the reversible formation/decomposition of solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) films and the transformation of MoO3−x to amorphous Li2MoO3 is demonstrated. The surfaces of MoO3−x are conjugated with Cu2O nanoparticles via annealing at 200 °C. Cu2O acts as an effective catalyst for the formation of SEI films and the reversible reaction of MoO3−x with Li+ ions. As a result, Cu2O@MoO3−x exhibits a charge capacity of 1100 mAh g−1 after the second cycle and maintains a high reversible capacity, whereas MoO3−x exhibits a charge capacity of 900 mAh g−1 and fades to 590 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 1 A g−1.
Production Research as Key Factor for Successful Establishment of Battery Production on the Example of Large‐Scale Automotive Cells Containing Nickel‐Rich LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 Electrodes
Authors: Keppeler Miriam , Roessler Stefan , Braunwarth Wolfgang
Published: April 2020

The increased focus on electromobility in European countries is closely linked to the establishment of local lithium‐ion battery (LIB) mass production facilities, such as Tesla's Gigafactory 1 in Nevada. While extensive knowledge in LIB lab‐scale assembly already exists, the transfer to industry‐scale production is an area of challenge that is tackled through intense production research. Slurries of nickel‐rich NMC811 that is sensitive to environmental conditions, and therefore more difficult to process, are successfully up‐scaled to 65 kg industry‐scale batches and investigated through rheological measurements. Defect‐free, double‐side‐coated electrodes with ≈400 m in length are obtained via slot‐die coating and assembled into large‐scale PHEV‐1 cells with graphite as the counter electrode. Possible production‐induced defects are examined through computed tomography (CT). The obtained qualified, automotive cells are investigated through galvanostatic charge/discharge testing that confirms excellent cycling performance with discharge capacities of 26.3 Ah (1st cycle) and 25.4 Ah (300th cycle), which corresponds to a capacity retention of 96.6%. These results are compared with NMC811‐containing cells from lab‐scale/literature, and large‐scale products (slurries, electrodes, and PHEV‐1 cells) containing the predecessor material NMC622. The scalability of slurry preparation, electrode production, and cell assembly with special emphasis on differences between lab‐scale and industry‐scale production is discussed.
Listening to and Supporting Teachers in the United Arab Emirates: Promoting Educational Success for the Nation
Authors: Goe Laura , Alkaabi Alanood Khalifa , Tannenbaum Richard J.
Published: April 2020

In this study, we provide insights into the experiences of teachers in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in order to identify concerns and develop strategies to support teachers' development and retention in the profession. Researchers interviewed 94 teachers from public and private schools across the UAE in four focus groups. Interviews focused on six constructs related to their work as teachers, including teachers' motivation to join the profession, teaching practices, challenges encountered, professional development, job satisfaction, and suggestions for change. The study team analyzed and coded these responses to develop a consensus interpretation. We present our findings with the goal of encouraging further consideration about how best to support teachers through better understanding their needs.
Influence of pre‐freezing conditions of octacalcium phosphate and collagen composite for reproducible appositional bone formation
Authors: Yanagisawa Toshiki , Yasuda Ayato , Makkonen Ria I. , Kamakura Shinji
Published: April 2020

Even though conventionally prepared octacalcium phosphate and collagen composite (OCP/Col) has exhibited excellent bone regeneration and has recently been commercialized for treating bone defects, reproducible appositional bone formation with OCP/Col has never been achieved. The present study investigated whether appositional bone formation could be achieved by altering the density of OCP/Col and applying liquid nitrogen during the preparation of OCP/Col. The prepared OCP/Col disks had eight variations and were divided into categories according to four different type of densities (1.0, 1.3, 1.7, and 2.0) of OCP/Col and two different pre‐freezing conditions of gas phase (G group: −80°C) and liquid phase (L group: −196°C). These disks were implanted into subperiosteal pockets in rodent calvaria, five samples per each eight variations. Radiomorphometric analysis was conducted at 4 and 12 weeks after implantation, and histological analysis was conducted at 12 weeks after implantation. OCP/Col samples in the L group tended to retain their height and shape and had enhanced appositional bone formation, whereas OCP/Col samples in the G group tended to lose their height and shape and had limited appositional bone formation. The appositional bone formation increased along with growing density of OCP/Col, and L2.0 demonstrated higher appositional bone formation than other samples. These results suggest that the pre‐freezing conditions and densities of OCP/Col affect the appositional bone formation.
Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia in Pregnancy: Diagnostic Pitfalls
Authors: Jones Alicia R , Hare Matthew JL , Brown Justin , Yang Jun , Meyer Caroline , Milat Frances , Allan Carolyn A
Published: April 2020

Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) is a group of autosomal dominant disorders caused by dysfunction of the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) and its downstream signaling proteins, leading to generally asymptomatic hypercalcemia. During pregnancy, distinguishing FHH from primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is important, as the latter is associated with adverse outcomes and can be treated surgically during pregnancy, whereas the former is benign. This case report highlights the difficulties in diagnosing FHH during pregnancy. A 32‐year‐old woman was found to have asymptomatic hypercalcemia at 14‐weeks’ gestation. Investigations showed a corrected calcium (cCa) of 2.61 mmol/L (2.10 to 2.60), ionized Ca (iCa) of 1.40 mmol/L (1.15 to 1.28), 25OHD of 33 nmol/L (75 to 250), and PTH of 9.5 pmol/L (1.5 to 7.0). The patient was treated with 2000 IU cholecalciferol daily with normalization of 25OHD. The urine calcium / creatinine clearance ratio (CCCR) was 0.0071, and neck US did not visualize a parathyroid adenoma. Upon a retrospective review of the patient's biochemistry from 2 years prior, hypercalcemia was found that was not investigated. The patient was monitored with serial iCa levels and obstetric US. She delivered a healthy boy at 38‐weeks’ gestation. Postnatal iCa was 1.48 mmol/L and remained elevated. Her son had elevated iCa at birth of 1.46 mmol/L (1.15 to 1.33), which rose to 1.81 mmol/L by 2 weeks. He was otherwise well. Given the familial hypercalcemia, a likely diagnosis of FHH was made. Genetic testing of the son revealed a missense mutation, NM_000388.3(CASR):c.2446A > G, in exon 7 of the CaSR, consistent with FHH type 1. To our knowledge, there are only three existing reports of FHH in pregnancy. When differentiating between FHH and PHPT in pregnancy, interpretation of biochemistry requires an understanding of changes in Ca physiology, and urine CCCR may be unreliable. If the decision is made to observe, clinical symptoms, calcium levels, and fetal US should be monitored, with biochemistry and urine CCCR performed postpartum, once lactation is completed © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Cover Image, Volume 100, Issue 6
Authors: Ye Mengliang , Zhang Chunhui , Zhu Lingyu , Jia Wei , Shen Qingshan
Published: April 2020

The cover image is based on the Research Article Yak (Bos grunniens) bones collagen‐derived peptides stimulate osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation via the activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway by Mengliang Ye et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10286.

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Nano‐vesicular formulation of propolis and cytotoxic effects in a 3D spheroid model of lung cancer
Authors: Ilhan‐Ayisigi Esra , Ulucan Fulden , Saygili Ecem , Saglam‐Metiner Pelin , Gulce‐Iz Sultan , Yesil‐Celiktas Ozlem
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Propolis exhibits therapeutic properties due to the presence of phenolic acids, esters, and flavonoids. The scope of this study was to develop a nano‐vesicular formulation and establish a three‐dimensional (3D) spheroid model in which lung cancer is recapitulated.

RESULTS

Niosome vesicles doped with galangin‐rich propolis extract were synthesized by the ether injection method using a cholesterol : surfactant mass ratio of 1 : 3 at 40 °C for 1 h. Formulated niosomes were administered to 3D lung cancer spheroid model and the cytotoxicity was compared with that of a two‐dimensional (2D) setting. The galangin content was determined as 86 μg mg–1 propolis extract by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The particle size of loaded niosome was 151 ± 2.84 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of about 0.232, and an encapsulation efficiency of 70% was achieved.

CONCLUSION

The decrease in cell viability and the scattering in the 3D spheroids of A549 lung cancer cells treated with propolis‐loaded niosomes were notable, indicating a profound cytotoxic effect and suggesting that they can be utilized as an effective nano‐vesicle. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry