bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Front Liner terhadap Kepuasan Nasabah Perbankan Syariah di Bank Muamalat Cabang Palangka Raya
Authors: Yopiannor Farid Zaky , Yasin Nur
Published: July 2019

Front Liner body to customer satisfaction Bank Muamalat branch Palangka Raya. The methods used in this research are quantitative methods, data collection techniques using Angket (questionnaire), the number of samples in this research is as many as 345 customers of Bank Muamalat in Palangka Raya. Sampling techniques are by means of random sampling techniques or randomized samples, the analytical techniques used to process the data are with techniques of simple linear regression analysis. Results of analysis using simple linear regression in the equation can be regression (Y = a + BX), changed known Y = 26,885 + 0205 x, then there is the influence of Bak quality to the satisfaction of Bank Muamalat customers in the city of Palangka Raya
Kinerja Bidang Pariwisata dalam Pengembangan Destinasi dan Industri Pariwisata pada Dinas Kebudayaan, Pariwisata, Pemuda dan Olahraga Kabupaten Katingan
Authors: Muhtar Sabirin , Nawawi Muhammad Iqbal
Published: July 2019

This study aims to provide an overview of the Performance of the Tourism Sector in Destination and Tourism Industry Development at the Katingan Regency Culture, Tourism, Youth and Sports Agency. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. Where is the technique of collecting data by observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis uses qualitative data analysis procedures, namely extracting meaning, drawing, explaining and placing data on their respective contexts. The results of the research show in this research are the Performance of Tourism in Destination and Tourism Industry Development at the Katingan Regency Office of Culture, Tourism, Youth and Sports. But the need for community participation in tourism development and the synergy of government programs and related institutions will be even better in developing tourism in Katingan Regency, because considering tourism in Katingan Regency is still virgin or still natural with objects in the form of lakes, mountains, rivers, rocks and others that are still natural.
Kecukupan Keterbukaan Informasi Publik dalam Perspektif Tata Kelola Pelayanan e-KTP di Kantor Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Kabupaten Katingan
Authors: Muhtar Sabirin , Priadi Priadi
Published: July 2019

This study aims to explain and describe the Sufficiency of Public Information Openness in the E-KTP Service Governance Perspective at the Katingan Regency Population and Civil Disablement Office. The type of research used is qualitative research methods, where data collection techniques are through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis uses qualitative data analysis, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The primary data in this study as informants are in the Making of E-KTP (Head of Population Registration Services) in the Population and Registration Office of Katingan District, and Kepat Masyarakat of Katingan District and Secondary Sources, namely sources that do not directly provide data to data collectors, the data comes from materials, both in the form of books, articles, scientific works that are loaded in mass media such as magazines and newspapers, and scientific journals. Based on the results of the study using the theory of effectiveness related to the adequacy, it can be explained that the relevance of public information disclosure in the E-KTP Service Governance Perspective at the Katingan Regency Population and Civil Disability Service Office still has some need for improvement in providing Public Information Openness in the E-Service Governance perspective. KTP, about efficiency, adequacy, leveling, responsiveness, accuracy in providing public information disclosure to make E-KTP.
Efektivitas Layanan Konseling Individu Dengan Pendekatan Realitas Untuk Pemantapan Peminatan Pada Peserta Didik SMAN-2 Palangkaraya
Authors: Fatmawati Fatmawati , Karyanti Karyanti
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study is to find out the individual counselling services of SBMT and OAP can strengthen the interest of students of class XI MIPA at SMAN-2 Palangka Raya. The population in this study amounted to 35 students. The number of research samples consisted of 2 students. Sampling is determined by purposive sampling technique. The data collection technique uses observation and the scale of stabilisation of the audience. The method used is pre-experiment, the process of analysing data using One-Sample T-Test or better known as Pre-Post Design is an analysis involving two measurements on the same subject against a particular influence or treatment. Based on the results of the study and discussion above, it can be concluded that WDEP Individual Counseling Services (Wants, Direction, Evaluation, Plan) WDEP can strengthen specialisation in Students in Class XI MIPA 3 of SMAN-2 Palangka Raya. This is based on the results of the One-Sample T-Test, indicating that consolidation of speciality has increased by an average of 45 to 74, with an average number of increases of 29. Meaning "Counseling Services Individual Realities with Techniques (Wants, Direction, Evaluation, Plan) WDEP can improve stabilisation of interest in Class XI MIPA 3 Students of SMAN-2 Palangka Raya.
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Matematika dengan menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Teams Games Tournament (TGT) pada SDN 2 Selat Dalam Kuala Kapuas Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017
Authors: Anisa Rizki Nur , Riadin Agung
Published: July 2019

This study aims to (1) find out the increased activity of students in teaching and learning activities using the cooperative learning model of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) type (2) knowing the improvement in mathematics learning outcomes for fourth grade students of SDN 2 Selat in Kuala Kapuas after using Teams Games Tournament (TGT) model. The type of research used by researchers is Classroom Action Research (CAR) which seeks to solve the problems faced in the current situation. Analysis The subjects of this study were 24 students, namely nine men and 15 women. Technical data analysis uses qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The results showed that: (1) the activities of students with the implementation of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) model became better and improved in each cycle. In the first cycle the activities of students gained scores with an average of 2.87 with sufficient categories and increased in the second cycle with an average value of 3.75 with good grades, (2) there was an increase in Mathematics learning outcomes through the use of Teams Games Tournament models ( TGT) wherein the first cycle obtained an average value of 40 with classical completeness of 29.16% and increased in the second cycle with an average value of 78 with artistic integrity of 91.6%.
MUSIK VOKAL ETNIK MINAHASA BUDAYA TRADISI DAN POPULER BARAT
Authors: Lapian Alrik , Mulyana Aton Rustandi
Published: July 2019

AbstrakPerkembangan musik vokal di Minahasa memperlihatkan pengaruh budaya Barat yang kuat. Musik-musik tradisi Minahasa khususnya lagu beserta gaya-gaya tradisinya bercampur dengan pola-pola musik populer Barat, dari bentuk lagu hingga alat musik yang digunakan mengacu pada musik populer. Musik vokal etnik Minahasa dengan berbagai elemen musiknya hampir hilang wujudnya dalam perpaduan tersebut. Oleh sebab itu dengan pendekatan budayadan konsep-konsep musik vokal etnik Minahasa, tulisan ini menunjukkan ciri khas budaya Minahasa dan praktek bernyanyi etnik Minahasa pada musik tradisi dan musi populer Barat.Kata Kunci: Budaya, Musik, Minahasa, Populer.
The Influence of the Ownership Form of the Educational Organization on the Salary of Pedagogical Employees
Authors: Sinitsa Arseniy L.
Published: July 2019

Currently, the pace of socio-economic development is largely determined by the development level of the education system. Preschool and general education plays a special role, as they form the main features of the future workforce. The quality of the education system depends on many factors, one of which is the remuneration of pedagogical employees. The first goal of the work is to demonstrate that, despite the adoption of Presidential Decree No. 597, the salary of pedagogical employees and their standard of living continue to remain low. The second goal of the work is to analyze their wages, taking into account the ownership form of the educational organization. The article describes the basic pedagogical employees pay indicators that are presented in open databases of the statistical authorities or calculated by the author: absolute pedagogical employees’ salary and its growth; pedagogical employees’ salary as compared to the regional salary and ratio of pedagogical employees’ salary to the consumer basket of a working age adult. It is shown that in 2013–2017 the living standards of pedagogical employees as a whole has been decreasing, and the target indicator has not been reached, however, their salary markedly differs depending on the ownership form of the educational organization. In preschool education pedagogical employees of organizations in regional ownership are in the best position. Pedagogical employees of organizations in federal ownership have the best performance in general education. However, they have fairly close indices that exceed the target indicator. The most numerous pedagogical employees of municipal educational organizations are in the worst position, and their salary is far behind the wages of pedagogical employees in state-owned organizations and is well below target values.
Theory of Collective Action: Structuring a Collective under Deficit of Trust
Authors: Skarzhinskaia Elena M. , Tsurikov Vladimir I.
Published: July 2019

The article examines the possibilities of coordinating action among members in a collective with the aim of maximizing individual gains. Projected aggregate income is assumed to increase as the effort invested by each individual member of the collective increases, subject to the law of decreasing returns. Mathematical analysis is performed using two income functions: one non-specific, used for finding the overall solution, and the other – a specifically formulated, manifest mathematical relationship serving to calculate the results of collective action. It is shown that in order to avoid a balanced (equilibrium) yet inefficient outcome, coordination of respective effort is necessary. Coordination based on mutual trust among all members is capable of attaining optimal outcomes for the collective. Deficit of trust, characteristic of numerous collectives, alongside their members’ desire to maximize individual gains, creates demand for the formation of smaller groups of individuals united by mutual trust. Within each group of this kind, members coordinate their actions, aiming to maximize gains as a group. As a result, members of the group increase their effort above equilibrium levels, thus increasing individual gains for all members of the larger collective. The same effect is produced by an increase in the number of members in any group, as well as formation of new groups out of previously unaffiliated members of the larger collective. In view of decreasing returns and lack of information where value is created collectively, transformation of a uniform collective into a more intricately structured system partially compensates for the lack of social capital, opening the road to increasing the efficiency of collective action.
Strategic planning forever
Authors: Braginsky O. B.
Published: July 2019

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Evo-Devo: Paradigmal Challenge for Institutional-Evolutionary Analysis
Authors: Frolov Daniil P.
Published: July 2019

In modern biological science, there is a change in the paradigm of evolutionary research associated with the rejection of neo-Darwinism principles. The article discusses the prospect of using the conceptual ideas of evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo) as the new dominant metaphors of institutional-evolutionary analysis. For example, metaphors of niche construction and developmental system stimulate the rejection of externalism (securing the key role in selection for the environment) and dichotomous thinking (opposition of actors and the environment, micro- and macro-analysis). The concept of institutional configurations developed in this vein makes it possible to analytically combine institutional, agential and environmental factors in their interaction into a unified framework. The metaphor of bricolage actualizes the importance of abandoning the optimization concepts of evolution and one-sidedly negative interpretation of institutional anomalies (dysfunctions, failures, traps, etc.) in favor of studying institutional kludges as quasi-optimal persistent institutions created by non-professional actors, and positively rethinking anomalous institutions as a main output of institutional complexity. The metaphor of modularity is associated with the abandonment of thinking in the spirit of traditional totally integrated systems and the transition to the research of assemblages – super-complex institutional systems based on multiple logics and orders for which heterogeneity, fragmentation and hybridity are organic properties and evolutionary advantages.
Geokimia Endapan Nikel Laterit di Tambang Utara, Kecamatan Pomalaa, Kabupaten Kolaka, Provinsi Sulawesi Tengara
Authors: Indra Kusuma Riko Ardiansyah , Kamaruddin Hashari , Rosana Mega Fatimah , Tintin Yuningsih Euis
Published: July 2019

Pomalaa is administratively located in Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The nickel mining business area in Pomalaa is managed by State-Owned Enterprises and Private Enterprises. Pomalaa is a sub-district that has natural resources in the form of nickel. Nickel Laterite deposits is a result weathering of ultramafic rock that is leaching process and accumulates in the supergen enrichment zone. The lateritization factor is controlled by lithology, morphology, and structure. In general, the profile of laterite nickel deposits in the North Mine area from top to bottom consists of top soil, limonite, saprolite, and bedrock zones. The laterite nickel precipitate in the North Mine shows varying thickness, based on color, texture, size and mineral composition. Laterite deposits from drilling results reaches an range of 25 - 30 meters. Soil and rocks sampling from each laterite zone every meter resulting from drilling are carried out by laboratory testing using XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) analysis method with 283 total sample. High Ni element show enrichment in the saprolite zone, whereas in the high Fe (iron) element in the limonite zone.Keywords: nickel, laterite, geochemical, Pomalaa
Kallen matkassa Itä-Euroopan kaupunkikohteissa
Authors: Saarenmaa Laura
Published: July 2019

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan seksiturismia suomalaisen Kalle-lehden Neuvostoliittoon ja Itä-Eurooppaan suuntautuneissa seksimatkakertomuksissa vuosien 1975 ja 1985 välisenä aikana. Analyysin lähtökohtana on ajatus populaarimedian todellisuutta tuottavista mekanismeista ja roolista asenteiden, ihanteiden sekä ajattelu- ja toimintamallien muokkaamisessa. Antropologi Arjun Appadurain (1996) sosiaalisen mielikuvituksen määritelmää seuraten artikkelissa tulkitaan Kallen matkakertomuksissa ilmaistuja käsityksiä ja asenteita Neuvostoliittoa ja sen etupiiriin kuuluneita sosialistimaita kohtaan lehden lukijoille tarjoutuneena sosiaalista mielikuvitusta muokanneena mielikuvaharjoituksena. Seksimatkakertomusten voi nähdä haastaneen aikansa valtajulkisuuden normeja. Kymmenen vuoden aikajänteellä näkyväksi tulevat myös Neuvostoliittoa koskevien asenteiden muuttuminen sekä kyynistyvät asenteet naisia kohtaan.
Despoblamiento y turismo en zonas de baja densidad: otra perspectiva sobre el efecto del turismo en el patrimonio
Authors: Costa Rosado Ana , Reimão Costa Miguel , Pérez Cano María Teresa
Published: July 2019

Contrariamente a las grandes ciudades y destinos turísticos costeros, donde la masificación del turismo es un riesgo para la cohesión de las estructuras sociales, en las pequeñas y medias urbes del interior el turismo aún puede ser una oportunidad de desarrollo local, si se buscan políticas adecuadas de valoración patrimonial e integración de la comunidad.  Frente a la despoblación, el patrimonio puede ser un instrumento de crecimiento económico y de refuerzo de identidad, siempre que su valoración se haga en estrecha colaboración con la comunidad y se genere empleo de calidad relacionado con el patrimonio cultural.
Sin comunidad. ¿Hacia experiencias diluidas en un patrimonio desarraigado?
Authors: Sevilla Álvarez Juan
Published: July 2019

La noción de ‘patrimonio’, en nuestro contexto cultural, parte originariamente de planteamientos marcados por consideraciones estéticas y de valoración histórico-artística, pero evoluciona y se extiende, sobremanera durante el pasado siglo, hasta integrar muy variadas clases de realidades materiales e inmateriales. En el momento actual, la consideración patrimonial tiene que ver con la importancia otorgada por nuestras sociedades a la protección y a la transmisión de toda manifestación valiosa de la memoria y de la cultura, así como de los lugares en los que éstas se enraízan. Así entendido, el patrimonio da pie a un fenómeno creciente de aprovechamiento como factor para el desarrollo, en tanto que recurso turístico y también como objeto de estudio en los ámbitos académico y científico. Genera una oportunidad que, con todo, debe ser contemplada con cautela por la dificultad de conciliar la conservación y la exposición de los bienes patrimoniales, así como por el riesgo de pérdida de valores cuando la comunidad que le da sentido languidece o desaparece.
Inhibitor of pro-apoptotic PERK-dependent signalling pathway as a novel treatment strategy in Alzheimer’s disease treatment
Authors: Rozpędek Wioletta , Basak Justyna , Sokołowski Igor , Wojtczak Radosław , Pytel Dariusz , Diehl Alan J. , Majsterek Ireneusz
Published: July 2019

Objectives. The newest data reported that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis and progression are correlated with excessive activation of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress conditions and, as a result, pro-apoptotic branch of the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK)-dependent Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) signalling pathway, in which the major apoptotic marker constitutes C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). The aims of the study were the evaluation of LDN-0060609 in terms of its inhibitory activity towards pro-apoptotic branch of the PERK-dependent UPR signalling pathway as well as evaluation of LDN-0060609 cytotoxicity.

Material and methods. Research was conducted on mouse neurons CATH.a. Cells were incubated with LDN-0060609 at the concentration range and with thapsigargin as an activator of ER stress. Evaluation of CHOP protein level was performed by Western Blot technique; apoptosis analysis – by flow cytometry; whereas evaluation of LDN-0060609 cytotoxicity – by XTT assay.

Results. The results of the study showed that inhibitor LDN-0060609 at 25μM concentration evokes 80% decrease in the CHOP protein level as compared to untreated control cells. Additionally, at 25μM, LDN-0060609 effectively inhibits apoptosis in cells with activated ER stress. Only 5.6% less viable cells were shown as compared to control cells incubated with 0.01% DMSO. LDN-0060609 did not evoke a cytotoxic effect at any used concentrations and incubation times.

Conclusions. The results of our own research showed that LDN-0060609 inhibitor effectively inhibits apoptosis-mediated neuronal cell death and does not evoke a cytotoxic effect. Thus, low-molecular inhibitors of pro-apoptotic branch of PERK-dependent UPR signalling pathway may constitute an innovative therapeutic strategy for AD treatment.
Optimasi Green Time Simpang Bersinyal dengan Menggunakan Ptv Vissim dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Simpang
Authors: Eka Putra Reza Asriandi , Ramanda Ferriyansyah
Published: July 2019

Kinerja simpang merupakan salah satu tantangan utama dalam sistem transportasi perkotaan. Pergerakan dalam sistem transportasi membutuhkan hubungan antar ruas yang memadai. Oleh karena itu manajemen persimpangan menjadi suatu hal yang perlu diperhatikan. Salah satu metode pengelolaan simpang adalah dengan optimasi green time pada simpang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan besar pengaruh optimasi green time pada simpang dengan menggunakan aplikasi PTV VISSIM. Terdapat 3 buah data yang dikumpulkan sebagai data primer yaitu data arus lalu lintas, data green time, serta data geometri jalan. Data primer yang diperoleh dimasukan ke dalam simulasi PTV VISSIM sehingga diperoleh kinerja persimpangan berupa panjang antrian 916 m serta tundaan total 4381 detik. Selanjutnya dilaksanakan optimasi persimpangan sehingga menghasilkan green time yang berbeda pada setiap lengannya yaitu untuk pendekat utara selama 30 detik, selatan 22 detik timur 46 detik, dan barat 39 detik. Dari hasil optimasi simpang tersebut diperoleh perubahan kinerja simpang yaitu panjang antrian 892 m dan tundaan total 3632 detik.

Kata kunci: PTV Vissim, Kinerja Simpang, Tundaan, Optimasi Simpang, Green Time
Analisis Waktu Pencampuran dan Perendaman Terhadap Kuat Tekan Mortar Beton pada Perkerasan Jalan
Authors: Nuryati Sri
Published: July 2019

Mortar atau sering disebut mortar beton merupakan sebagai bahan dasar dari campuran beton yang berupa pasir, agregat kasar, semen dan air, biasanya digunakan untuk bahan pengecoran dan plesteran dinding. Mortar bisa menciptakan sebuah ikatan yang kuat antara  batu bata, jangkar atau logam untuk mencegah masuknya air dan kelembaban ke dalam struktur. Kurang homoginnya waktu pencampuran bahan mortar membuat mutu mortar berkurang kekuatannya, mulai dari retak-retak sampai lepasnya ikatan terutama pada pekerjaan plesteran dinding dan lantai. Pemakaian mortar beton sebagai bahan beton juga digunakan untuk pekerjaan perkerasan jalan dengan beban bergerak di atasnya.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui waktu yang tepat atau optimal pada pencampuran mortar untuk mendapatkan mutu mortar yang berkwalitas dan dapat djadikan rekomendasi pada pekerjaan struktur. Metode yang dilakukan dengan pengujian laboratorium. Durasi waktu pencampuran bervariasi mulai dari 3,6,9,12, dan 15 menit, dan masa perawatan atau perendaman benda uji selama 28 hari kemudian dilakukan pengujian kuat tekan mortar.

Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diketahui bahwa, pencampuran bahan mortar selama 3 menit sampai 12 menit nilai kuat tekannya meningkat yaitu berturut-turut sebesar 292,01 kg/cm², 320,74 kg/cm², 347,41 kg/cm² dan 397,33 kg/cm². Tetapi pada lama pencampuran selama 15 menit nilai kuat tekan mortar menurun yaitu sebesar 366,55 kg/cm², hal ini disebabkan karena bahan material telah mengalami perubahan bahan mortar akibat perubahan mekanik mortar.

 

Kata kunci : waktu pencampuran, mortar beton, kuat tekan
Analisis Perbandingan Perencanaan Fortal Frame Perletakan Jepit-Jepit dan Sendi-Sendi dengan Variasi Sudut Kemiringan Atap
Authors: Meidiani Srikirana , Riwayati Susi , Imriany Dessy
Published: July 2019

Fortal Frame adalah struktur yang terdiri dari elemen-elemen linear, umumnya balok dan kolom yang saling dihubungkan pada ujung-ujungnya oleh joints (titik hubung). Pada umumnya bangunan Fortal Frame lebih sering menggunakan profil baja tunggal WF, karena untuk bangunan yang membutuhkan ruang volume yang besar seperti gudang, bangunan serbaguna, bangunan pasar tradisional, Aula, Pabrik, Hanggar Pesawat dan lain sebagainya maka type bangunan portal frame dengan baja WF sering digunakan. Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut maka peneliti mencoba untuk mengetahui tingkat ekonomis dari sisi berat pemakaian konstruksi baja profil WF pada bangunan Fortal Frame. Penelitian ini membandingkan berat pemakaian konstruksi baja yang terdiri dari Gording, Balok dan Kolom pada  fortal frame perletakan jepit-jepit dan perletakan sendi-sendi dengan variasi kemiringan atap. Fortal frame direncanakan dengan bentang 18 M dan tinggi kolom 7 M dengan variasi kemiringan atap 20°; 25° dan 30°. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menghitung beban dan momen yang terjadi pada fortal frame secara manual dengan bantuan exel. Rumus-rumus yang digunakan adalah rumus empiris yang mengacu pada SNI, buku Teknik Sipil dan Buku Mekanika Struktur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan berat pemakaian kontruksi baja (gording, balok dan kolom) pada fortal frame perletakan jepit-jepit cenderung naik atau linear dengan semakin besarnya kemiringan atap yaitu dengan variasi kemiringan 20°; 25° dan 30° diperoleh berat konstruksi baja masing-masing : 18912,46 kg, 20857,73 kg dan  23289,51 kg. Sedangkan pada perletakan sendi-sendi diperoleh berat konstruksi baja masing-masing: 20550.46 kg , 19288.83 kg  dan 25901.01 kg. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa pada fortal frame  perletakan jepit-jepit berat minimal konstruksi terjadi pada kemiringan atap 20° yaitu sebesar 18912,46 kg dan pada perletakan sendi-sendi terdapat berat optimum pada kemiringan atap 25° yaitu sebesar 19288,83 kg.

Kata Kunci :Fortal Frame, Profil WF, Perletakan Jepit-Jepit, Perletakan Sendi-Sendi, Berat Kontruksi
KELEMAHAN OTOT GLUTEAL SEBAGAI FAKTOR RESIKO MUNCULNYA KELUHAN NYERI PUNGGUNG BAWAH
Authors: Pristianto Arif
Published: July 2019

Otot sebagai jaringan lunak kontraktilitas yang ada pada tubuh manusia tersusun oleh rangkaian yang saling berhubungan. Rangkaian ini menunjukkan bahwa kerja otot saling mempengaruhi dalam menjalankan fungsinya. Fungsi dari otot sebagai stabilisator maupun mobilitator dibedakan atas lapisan dan letak otot tersebut. Mobilitas yang ada di ektremitas baik atas maupun bawah tentunya akan lebih baik jika ditunjang stabilitas pada batang tubuh. Kondisi batang tubuh yang kurang baik dapat dilihat dari postur yang buruk serta adanya keluhan nyeri pada punggung bawah atau yang sering disebut low back pain. Nyeri punggung bawah sebenarnya merupakan simtomatif yang merujuk adanya masalah pada area punggung ke bawah. Masalah ini dapat muncul karena ketegangan otot akibat aktivitas yang berlebih pada otot punggung dan dapat disebabkan oleh kerja otot lain yang kurang aktif. Salah satu aktivasi otot yang turut menetukan beban kerja pada otot punggung adalah kelompok otot gluteal. Otot-otot gluteal merupakan komponen penting pada saat trunk berada pada posisi setengah ekstensi dari posisi fleksi penuh. Secara anatomi, kelompok otot ini memberikan stabilisasi lateral pada sendi panggul dan panggul karena tugasnya adalah mengontrol posisi panggul dalam menjaga stabilitas batang tubuh. Pada individu yang memiliki kecenderungan duduk dalam waktu yang lama, otot gluteal dapat mengalami atropi dan penurunan kekuatan/aktivasi. Hal ini merubah kestabilan kerja pada otot panggul dan batang tubuh pada bagian depan dan belakang serta atas dan bawah. Konsep muscle imbalance dimana bagian yang menurun aktivasinya akan memicu aktivasi berlebih pada bagian lain dan dari hal inilah muncul keluhan muskuloskeletal pada pinggang bawah yang ditandai dengan adanya nyeri pada area pinggang bawah.
Nicotine Biosynthesis inNicotiana: A Metabolic Overview
Authors: Zenkner Fernanda Fleig , Margis-Pinheiro Márcia , Cagliari Alexandro
Published: July 2019

Alkaloids are important compounds found in Nicotiana plants, essential in plant defense against herbivores. The main alkaloid of Nicotiana tabacum, nicotine, is produced in roots and translocated to the leaves. Nicotine is formed by a pyrrolidine and a pyridine ring in a process involving several enzymes. The pyridine ring of nicotine is derived from nicotinic acid, whereas the pyrrolidine ring originates from polyamine putrescine metabolism. After synthesis in root cortical cells, a set of transporters is known to transport nicotine upward to the aerial part and store it in leaf vacuoles. Moreover, nicotine can be metabolized in leaves, giving rise to nornicotine through the N-demethylation process. Some Nicotiana wild species produce acyltransferase enzymes, which allow the plant to make N-acyl-nornicotine, an alkaloid with more potent insecticidal properties than nicotine. However, although we can find a wealth of information about the alkaloid production in Nicotiana spp., our understanding about nicotine biosynthesis, transport, and metabolism is still incomplete. This review will summarize these pathways on the basis on recent literature, as well as highlighting questions that need further investigation.
Bertahan Sampai Kesudahan Akan Diselamatkan
Authors: Faot Agustinus , Octavianus Jonathan , Juanda Juanda , Wibowo Daniel Ari
Published: July 2019

The case that is quite serious in theology is the doctrine of salvation, there is also a text which may confuse readers of the Bible if it does not have the ability to expose the Bible, Matthew 24:13, which can reveal that those who endure to the end are saved that, defense is an effort in every human being to strengthen himself or confirm life against all the problems he faces.

It is important to note also that survival also does not always explain an active action to boast of itself, but surviving can be understood as a definite action subjected to actions by other people, other events. Then last into a passive position where people are required to be ready to bear claim, action or punishment; related to the concept of human salvation that God works fully. But there is a time when humans are obliged to survive. An idea more suitable to understand the text of Matthew 24:13, requires accurate observation of the Gospel of Matthew to understand actely the entire discussion from Matthew 24:13, must read and understand this paper from beginning to end. Because the questions relating to blessed salvation and those who survive in Matthew 24:13, are discussed in this scientific work.
Acoustical Impact of Architectonics and Material Features in the Lifespan of Two Monumental Sacred Structures
Authors: Sü Gül Zühre Sü
Published: July 2019

Hagia Sophia and Süleymaniye Mosque, built in the 6th and 16th centuries, respectively, are the two major monuments of the İstanbul World Heritage Site. Within the context of this study, sound fields of these two sacred multi-domed monumental structures are analyzed with a focus on their architectonic and material attributes and applied alterations in basic restoration works. A comprehensive study is undertaken by a comparative analysis over acoustical field tests held in different years and over an extensive literature review on their material and architectural characteristics. Initially, the major features of Hagia Sophia and Süleymaniye Mosque are presented, and later, basic alterations in regard to function and materials are provided. The methodology includes the field tests carried both within the scope of this research as well as the published test results by other researchers. Acoustical simulations are utilized for comparison of unoccupied versus occupied conditions and also for discussion on original materials. The impact of historical plasters on the acoustics of domed spaces is highlighted. Common room acoustics parameters as of reverberation time and clarity are utilized in comparisons. The formation of multi-slope sound energy decay is discussed in light of different spiritual and acoustical needs expected from such monumental sacred spaces.
Effect of Gibberellic Acid on Growth, Yield, and Quality of Leaf Lettuce and Rocket Grown in a Floating System
Authors: Miceli Alessandro , Moncada Alessandra , Sabatino Leo , Vetrano Filippo
Published: July 2019

Gibberellins (GAs) are growth hormones strongly involved in a wide variety of physiological activities. Currently, gibberellins are commercially used to enhance phenotypic characteristics, earliness, and productivity of many vegetable and ornamental crops. In this work, the efficacy of supplementation of low levels of gibberellic acid (0, 10−8, 10−6, and 10−4 M GA3) through the mineral nutrient solution of a floating system on yield and quality of leaf lettuce and rocket plants was tested. The marketability of plants was lost when 10−4 M GA3 was added to the mineral nutrient solution. This study demonstrated that the addition of 10−4 M GA3 exceeded the acceptable threshold for use in hydroponics production systems. Below the concentration of 10−4 M, the presence of GA3 in the mineral nutrient solutions (MNS), especially at 10−6 M GA3, stimulated plant growth and enhanced the yield. Various morphological and physiological traits were enhanced by GA3 treatments (biomass accumulation, leaf expansion, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency (WUE), Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), etc.), with superimposable trends in both lettuce and rocket. The addition of 10−6 M GA3 to the nutrient solution of a hydroponic floating system can promote growth and quality of lettuce and rocket plants.
The Effect of Drying Methods on Water-Soluble Carbohydrates and Crude Protein Concentrations and Their Ratio in Two Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars
Authors: Moscoso Cristian J. , Morgan Sarah A. , Rivero M. Jordana
Published: July 2019

The objective of this study was to assess the joint effect of perennial ryegrass cultivars and drying methods on concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and crude protein (CP) and WSC/CP ratio. AberMagic AR1 and Expo AR1 forage were collected in December 2016, March, June, September and November 2017 and either oven-dried at 60 °C for 48 h (OD_60), at 80 °C for 16 h (OD_80), frozen at −80 °C for 48 h then freeze-dried (−80_FD), or flash-frozen with liquid N then freeze-dried (LN_FD). Data were analyzed by ANOVA in a factorial design with cultivar and drying method as factors. AberMagic AR1 had between 9.0 to 31.5% higher WSC concentration than Expo AR1 in the four samplings. Freeze-drying preserved more WSC than oven-drying treatments (+22.7%), particularly in June. The CP concentration of Expo AR1 was higher only in December (+6.8%), and was 22.9 and 10.9% higher in OD_60 samples compared to LN_FD samples in December and November, respectively. The WSC/CP ratio varied in June, being greater in AberMagic AR1 (+36.1%). Drying method affected WSC/CP ratio in December, June and November where freeze-drying produced greater ratios. Drying techniques generated differences in WSC, CP and WSC/CP ratio, which may affect the accuracy of the estimated impacts of forages on productivity and N use efficiency.
Foliar Zn Spraying Simultaneously Improved Concentrations and Bioavailability of Zn and Fe in Maize Grains Irrespective of Foliar Sucrose Supply
Authors: Xia Haiyong , Kong Weilin , Wang Lan , Xue Yanhui , Liu Wenlong , Zhang Chunyan , Yang Shenggang , Li Chong
Published: July 2019

Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a global nutritional problem that is reduced through agronomic biofortification. In the current study, the effects of foliar spraying of exogenous ZnSO4·7H2O (0.2% in Quzhou and 0.3% in Licheng, w/v) and/or sucrose (10.0%, w/v) on maize (Zea mays L.) agronomic traits; concentrations of Zn, iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), total phosphorus (P), phytic acid (PA) P, carbon (C), and nitrogen (N); C/N ratios; and Zn and Fe bioavailability (as evaluated by molar ratios of PA/Zn, PA × Ca/Zn, PA/Fe and PA × Ca/Fe) in maize grains were studied under field conditions for two years at two experimental locations. The results confirmed that there were no significant differences in maize agronomic traits following the various foliar treatments. Compared with the control treatment of foliar spraying with deionized water, foliar applications of Zn alone or combined with sucrose significantly increased maize grain Zn concentrations by 29.2–58.3% in Quzhou (from 18.4–19.9 to 25.2–29.6 mg/kg) and by 39.8–47.8% in Licheng (from 24.9 to 34.8–36.8 mg/kg), as well as its bioavailability. No significant differences were found between the foliar spraying of deionized water and sucrose, and between Zn-only and “sucrose + Zn” at each N application rate and across different N application rates and experimental sites. Similar results were observed for maize grain Fe concentrations and bioavailability, but the Fe concentration increased to a smaller extent than Zn. Foliar Zn spraying alone or with sucrose increased maize grain Fe concentrations by 4.7–28.4% in Quzhou (from 13.4–17.1 to 15.2–18.5 mg/kg) and by 15.4–25.0% in Licheng (from 24.0 to 27.7–30.0 mg/kg). Iron concentrations were significantly and positively correlated with Zn at each N application rate and across different N application rates and experimental locations, indicating that foliar Zn spraying facilitated the transport of endogenous Fe to maize grains. Therefore, foliar Zn spraying increased the Zn concentration and bioavailability in maize grains irrespective of foliar sucrose supply while also improving Fe concentrations and bioavailability to some extent. This is a promising agricultural practice for simultaneous Zn and Fe biofortification in maize grains, i.e., “killing two birds with one stone”.
Paramylon Treatment Improves Quality Profile and Drought Resistance in Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Micro-Tom
Authors: Barsanti Laura , Coltelli Primo , Gualtieri Paolo
Published: July 2019

Tomatoes, the most cultivated vegetables worldwide, require large amounts of water and are adversely affected by water stress. Solanum lycopersicum L., cv. Micro-Tom was used to assess the effects of β-(1,3)-glucan (paramylon) purified from the microalga Euglena gracilis on drought resistance and fruit quality profile. Plants were grown in an aeroponic system under three cultivation conditions: optimal water regimen, water scarcity regimen, and water scarcity regimen coupled with a root treatment with paramylon. Eco–physiological, physicochemical and quality parameters were monitored and compared throughout the lifecycle of the plants. Drought stress caused only a transient effect on the eco–physiological parameters of paramylon-treated plants, whereas physicochemical and biochemical parameters underwent significant variations. In particular, the fruits of paramylon-treated plants reached the first ripening stage two weeks before untreated plants grown under the optimal water regime, while the fruits of stressed untreated plants did not ripe beyond category II. Moreover, antioxidant compounds (carotenoids, phenolic acid, and vitamins) of fruits from treated plants underwent a two-fold increase with respect to untreated plants, as well as soluble carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, and sucrose). These results show that paramylon increases plant resistance to drought and highly improves the quality profile of the fruits with respect to untreated plants grown under drought stress.
The Inclusion of Concentrate with Quebracho Is Advisable in Two Forage-Based Diets of Ewes According to the In Vitro Fermentation Parameters
Authors: Rufino-Moya Pablo Jose , Blanco Mireia , Lobón Sandra , Bertolín Juan Ramon , Armengol Ramón , Joy Margalida
Published: July 2019

Ewes receive hay or graze on fresh pastures supplemented with concentrates to fulfil their lactation requirements. Quebracho (Schinopsis balansae) can be added to change the ruminal fermentation. Fermentation parameters of forages alone and 70:30 forage:concentrate diets with control and quebracho concentrate were compared after 24 h of in vitro incubation. Fresh forage diets produced less gas (p < 0.05) and had greater IVOMD (p < 0.001), ammonia (NH3-N) content, valeric acid, branched-chain volatile fatty acid proportions, and lower propionic acid proportion than the hay diets (p < 0.01). In the hay diets, methane production increased with control concentrate (p < 0.01) and tended to decrease with quebacho concentrate (p < 0.10). The inclusion of both concentrates increased the acetic:propionic ratio (p < 0.01), and only the inclusion of quebracho concentrate increased the IVOMD (p < 0.01). In the fresh forage diets, gas and methane production increased with the inclusion of the control concentrate (p < 0.05), but methane production decreased with quebracho concentrate (p < 0.01). The inclusion of quebracho concentrate reduced the NH3-N content and valeric acid proportion (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the inclusion of quebracho concentrate would be advisable to reduce the CH4 production and NH3-N content in fresh forage diets and to increase the IVOMD in hay diets in comparison with the forages alone.
Effects of Creatine Treatment on Jejunal Phenotypes in a Rat Model of Acidosis
Authors: Sironi Chiara , Bodega Francesca , Zocchi Luciano , Porta Cristina
Published: July 2019

We investigated the effects of creatine treatment on jejunal phenotypes in a rat model of oxidative stress induced by acidosis. In particular, the activities of some antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione reductase), the level of lipid peroxidation, the expression of heat shock proteins (HSP70), and the expression of the major carriers of the cells (Na+/K+-ATPase, sodium-glucose Transporter 1—SGLT1, and glucose transporter 2—GLUT2) were measured under control and chronic acidosis conditions. Creatine did not affect the activity of antioxidant enzymes in either the control or acidosis groups, except for catalase, for which the activity was reduced in both conditions. Creatine did not change the lipid peroxidation level or HSP70 expression. Finally, creatine stimulated (Na+/K+)-ATPase expression under both control and chronic acidosis conditions. Chronic acidosis caused reductions in the expression levels of GLUT2 and SGLT1. GLUT2 reduction was abolished by creatine, while the presence of creatine did not induce any strengthening effect on the expression of SGLT1 in either the control or chronic acidosis groups. These results indicate that creatine has antioxidant properties that are realized through direct interaction of the molecule with reactive oxygen species. Moreover, the administration of creatine seems to determine a functional strengthening of the tissue, making it more resistant to acidosis.
Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis and Energy Dispersion X-ray Microanalysis to Evaluate the Effects of Decontamination Chemicals and Heat Sterilization on Implant Surgical Drills: Zirconia vs. Steel
Authors: Scarano Antonio , Noumbissi Sammy , Gupta Saurabh , Inchingolo Francesco , Stilla Pierbiagio , Lorusso Felice
Published: July 2019

Background: Drills are an indispensable tool for dental implant surgery. Today, there are ceramic zirconium dioxide and metal alloy drills available. Osteotomy drills are critical instruments since they come in contact with blood and saliva. Furthermore, they are reusable and should be cleaned and sterilized between uses. Depending on the material, sterilizing agents and protocols can alter the surface and sharpness of implant drills. The hypothesis is that cleaning and sterilization procedures can affect the surface structure of the drills and consequently reduce their cutting efficiency. Methods: Eighteen zirconia ceramic drills and eighteen metal alloy drills were evaluated. Within the scope of this study, the drills were not used to prepare implant sites. They were immersed for 10 min in human blood taken from volunteer subjects and then separately exposed to 50 cycles of cleansing with 6% hydrogen peroxide, cold sterilization with glutaraldehyde 2%, and autoclave heat sterilization. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersion X-ray (EDX) microanalysis were conducted before and after each cycle and was used to evaluate the drill surfaces for alterations. Results: After exposure to the cleansing agents used in this study, alterations were seen in the steel drills compared to zirconia. Conclusions: The chemical sterilization products used in this study cause corrosion of the metal drills and reduce their sharpness. It was observed that the cycles of steam sterilization did not affect any of the drills. Zirconia drill surfaces remained stable.
Estimating Airway Resistance from Forced Expiration in Spirometry
Authors: Das Nilakash , Verstraete Kenneth , Topalovic Marko , Aerts Jean-Marie , Janssens Wim
Published: July 2019

Spirometry is the gold standard to detect airflow limitation, but it does not measure airway resistance, which is one of the physiological factors behind airflow limitation. In this study, we describe the dynamics of forced expiration in spirometry using a deflating balloon and using this model. We propose a methodology to estimate ζ (zeta), a dimensionless and effort-independent parameter quantifying airway resistance. In N = 462 (65 ± 8 years), we showed that ζ is significantly (p < 0.0001) greater in COPD (2.59 ± 0.99) than healthy smokers (1.64 ± 0.18), it increased significantly (p < 0.0001) with the severity of airflow limitation and it correlated significantly (p < 0.0001) with airway resistance (r = 0.55) and specific conductance (r = −0.60) obtained from body-plethysmography. ζ also showed significant associations (p < 0.001) with diffusion capacity (r = −0.64), air-trapping (r = 0.68), and CT densitometry of emphysema (r = 0.40 against % below −950 HU and r = −0.34 against 15th percentile HU). Moreover, simulation studies demonstrated that an increase in ζ resulted in lower airflows from baseline. Therefore, we conclude that ζ quantifies airway resistance from forced expiration in spirometry—a method that is more abundantly available in primary care than traditional but expensive methods of measuring airway resistance such as body-plethysmography and forced oscillation technique.
The Rapid Establishment of Large Wind Fields via an Inverse Process
Authors: Sun Shanxun , Liu Shi , Zhang Guangchao
Published: July 2019

Physical-approach-based wind forecasts have the merit of a heavily reduced uncertainty in predictions, but very often suffer from a prohibitively lengthy numerical computation time, if high spatial resolutions are required. To tackle this hurdle, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) has manifested extraordinary power in reducing the number of computation grids and hence the computation time. However, POD itself suffers from difficulties in extracting basis vectors when the snapshots contain large amounts of data, when considering large areas using high spatial resolution. By means of computational simulations and inverse process analyses, in this study the authors developed a new method for rapid wind field reconstruction with high spatial resolution, while reducing the computation load to a minimum. The strategy is to establish snapshots of velocity fields in a large area, but only using a much smaller subset of the large area to extract the basis vectors. The basis vectors are then used to reconstruct the wind field of the large area with a high spatial resolution. The method can dramatically reduce the overall computation work due to the much smaller grid size in the subset area. The new method can be applied to situations where the velocity distributions for a large area need to be known with high spatial resolution.
Non-Energy Use of Fuels in the Greenhouse Gas Emission Reporting
Authors: Krtková Eva , Danielik Vladimir , Szemesová Janka , Tarczay Klára , Kis-Kovács Gábor , Neuzil Vladimir
Published: July 2019

In the context of greenhouse gas emissions, CO2 emissions from fuels are not arising only from combustion of the fuels, but also from non-energy use of fuels. In order to keep the inventory transparent, comparable, accurate, consistent, and complete, it is necessary to carefully assess such emissions in order to neither not omit nor double count them. The paper presents the methodological guidance of non-energy use of fuels given by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2006 Guidelines. Further, approaches of the Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, and Hungary, three neighboring countries, for reporting CO2 emissions from non-energy use of fuels are presented and discussed.