bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mansuroğlu Mahallesi (Bayraklı-İzmir) Alüvyonel Zeminlerin Sıvılaşma Potansiyeli / Liquefaction Potential of Alluvial Soils in Mansuroglu District (Bayrakli-Izmir)
Authors: Kıran Ekin , Kıncal Cem
Published: December 2024

Sisam Depremi, Yunanistan Sisam Adası’nda Seferihisar Merkezine 23 km mesafede meydana gelmiştir. AFAD (2020) kayıtlarına göre 16 sn devam eden 6,6 moment büyüklüğündeki depremin etkisi çevre illerde hissedilmesine karşın en büyük etkiyi merkeze 60 km mesafedeki Bornova Ovasında (İzmir) göstermiştir. Deprem sonucunda 117 kişi hayatını kaybederken, 1.034 kişi yaralı olarak kurtulmuştur. Yıkılan bina sayısının ve kayıp insanların en fazla olduğu yer Bayraklı İlçesine bağlı Mansuroğlu Mahallesidir. Depremin sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde, üzerinde yapılan binanın kalitesinin yanında inşaa edildiği alanın jeoteknik özelliklerinin de binanın güvenliğinde büyük önem arz ettiği görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada, Bayraklı İlçesi Mansuroğlu Mahallesi’nin sıvılaşma etkileri bölgede yapılmış olan sondaj verileri üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir.
Modeling of liver hypoxia in an in vivo experiment
Authors:   National Medical Research Centre for Oncology: Rostov-on-Don, RU, Goncharova A.S. , Gurova S.V. ,   National Medical Research Centre for Oncology: Rostov-on-Don, RU, Khodakova D.V. ,   National Medical Research Centre for Oncology: Rostov-on-Don, RU, Kecheryukova T.M. ,   National Medical Research Centre for Oncology: Rostov-on-Don, RU, Maksimov A.Yu. ,   National Medical Research Centre for Oncology: Rostov-on-Don, RU, Lapteva T.O. ,   National Medical Research Centre for Oncology: Rostov-on-Don, RU, Romanova M.V. ,   National Medical Research Centre for Oncology: Rostov-on-Don, RU, Allilueva E.V. ,   National Medical Research Centre for Oncology: Rostov-on-Don, RU
Published: December 2024

We studied an effect of the portal triad blood flow reduction on liver enzymes, the organ status and survival of laboratory mice. The study included Balb/c mice divided into groups (n=6 for each group): group 1 – controls, blood and liver were collected; group 2 – liver blood flow reduction for 20 minutes, blood and liver were collected 2 hours after the procedure; group 3 – liver blood flow reduction for 20 minutes, blood and liver were collected 24 hours after the procedure; group 4 – liver blood flow reduction for 20 minutes, and the follow-up during the next 14 days to assess the survival. The blood flow was reduced by occlusion of the portal triad: the animals underwent laparotomy, then the portal triad was isolated and a needle with suture material was brought under it; weights were attached to the ends of the suture material, and the vessels were occluded due to the tension of the ligature. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in both groups with reduced blood flow were statistically significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.05), and also statistically significantly higher in the group with blood sampling 24 hours after reperfusion, compared to the group with blood sampling 2 hours after reperfusion (p<0.05). Histological examination showed signs of ischemic damage in tissues, and an increase in the number of vessels in liver samples of animals with blood flow reduction, compared to the control. The animal survival after the procedure was over 80%, which was satisfactory, but nevertheless indicated the need for such a number of animals that will allow statistical processing of the results even if some animals die. The results of the study demonstrated the model as an important tool for the study of ischemic and hypoxic-associated pathological liver states.
Keywords: hypoxia, oxygenation, liver, liver diseases, in vivo models.
Некоторые особенности состава микробиоты поверхности сетки Уикхема и эрозивно-язвенных элементов у пациентов с красным плоским лишаем слизистой оболочки полости рта
Authors:   postgraduate student of the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Bashkir State Medical University, Guryevskaya O.A. , Usmanova I.N. ,   MD, PhD, professor, Department of Therapeutic Den-tistry, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Lakman I.A. ,   Ph.D., Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Head of the Scientific Laboratory for the Study of Social and Economic Problems, Ufa University of Science and Technology, Ufa, Tuigunov M.M. ,   MD, Professor, Head of the Department of Microbiology and Virology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Khusnarizanova R.F. ,   PhD in Biology, Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Ushnitsky I.D. ,   MD, Professor, Head of the Department of Therapeutic, Surgical, Orthopaedic Dentistry and Childhood Dentistry of the Medical Institute of M.K.Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Bortsova J.L. ,   PhD in Biology, Associate Professor, Department of Fundamental and Applied Microbiology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Senina V.O. ,   a postgraduate student of the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Bash-kir State Medical University, Ufa
Published: December 2024

A comparative study of the microbiota profile of the Wickham mesh surfaces (a typical form of lichen planus (LP) (L43.80) and erosive-ulcerative elements in the erosive-ulcerative form (L43.82) of LP with localization on the buccal mucosa was carried out. In the studied microbiota of the surface of erosive and ulcerative elements, significant differences were revealed from the composition of the microbiota of the surface of the Wickham mesh, which is associated with clinical manifestations of the oral cavity mucous lining (LP OCML). The data on the quantitative and qualitative composition of microorganisms in the erosive-ulcerative form of LP were significantly different from the typical form of LP, which indicates the need for further studies of the microbiota in other forms of LP OCML. The revealed changes in the composition of the microbiota in the typical form of LP OCML can serve as a potential prognostic criterion for the conditional norm, and in the erosive-ulcerative form, as a criterion indicating the progression and aggravation of the clinical picture.
Keywords: lichen planus, typical form, erosive-ulcerative form, Wickham mesh, erosions, ulcers, microbiota, Candida spp.
Diagnosis and treatment of heart injuries
Authors:   MD, Professor, Head of the Department of General Surgery, Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Altai State Medical University MH RF, Zeimakh E.A. , Buldakov P.N. ,   surgeon of the surgical department No. 2, Regional State Budgetary Healthcare Institution ‘Regional Clinical Emergency Hospital, Barnaul’, Makin A.A. ,   chief physician of the Regional State Budgetary Healthcare Institution Regional Clinical Emergency Hospital, Barnaul, Rucheikin N.Yu. ,   Assistant of the Department of General Surgery, Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Altai State Medical University MH RF, Karkavin V.M. ,   surgeon of the Surgical Department No. 2, Regional State Budgetary Healthcare Institution Regional Clinical Emergency Hospital, Barnaul, Dorokhina S.A. ,   surgeon of the surgical department No. 2, Regional State Budgetary Healthcare Institution Regional Clinical Emergency Hospital, Barnaul, Averkina A.A. ,   surgeon of the surgical department No. 2, Regional State Budgetary Healthcare Institution Regional Clinical Emergency Hospital, Barnaul
Published: December 2024

The main objective of this work is to develop optimal tactics for early diagnosis of heart injuries for the most rapid decision-making on the need to perform therapeutic manipulations. We studied the clinical symptoms found in patients upon admission the most frequent clinical symptoms of heart injuries with ranking them as reliable and probable. Сonclusions were drawn about the optimal tactics of managing emergency surgical patients admitted with suspected heart injury. It was determined that the most effective method of treating patients with penetrating heart trauma is emergency surgical treatment.
Keywords: heart injury, surgical treatment of heart injury, additional research methods, videothoracoscopy, thoracotomy, heart wound suturing.
Cognitive impairment after the novel coronavirus COVID-19 in young people
Authors:   PhD, associate professor, M. K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Konnikova E.E. , Borisov A.I. ,   5th year student of the Medical Institute of M.K. Ammosov NEFU, Tappakhov A.A. ,   PhD, associate professor of the Medical Institute of  M.K. Ammosov NEFU, senior researcher of the Center neurodegenerative diseases, Yakut Science Center for Complex Medical Problems, Nikolaeva T.Ya. ,   MD, Prof., Head of the Department of the Medical Institute of M.K. Ammosov NEFU
Published: December 2024

Cognitive impairment is one of the frequent neurological manifestations of post-COVID syndrome. The aim of this study was to assess cognitive impairment in young people after a mild novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19).
Materials and methods. The main group included 50 people with mild COVID-19 at the age of 19–35 years, incl. 17 (34%) men and 33 (66%) women. The control group included 50 people without a history of COVID-19, aged 18 to 33 years. All participants underwent neuropsychological testing: the Beck depression scale, the Spielberg questionnaire for identifying personal and situational anxiety, the subjective asthenia assessment scale (MFI-20), the 12-picture memory test, the 5-word memory test, the study of phonetic speech activity, and the Schulte test.
Research results. Study participants who had COVID-19 during the acute phase of the disease complained of general weakness (90%), headaches (86%), mental exhaustion (72%), muscle and joint pain (66%), decreased attention (64%), decreased sense of smell (62%), sleep disturbance (60%), apathy (54%), shortness of breath (34%) and chest pressure (26%). All complaints regressed after recovery, and their frequency did not differ from those of complaints in the control group. Neuropsychological examination revealed a somewhat higher level of depression (10.5 vs. 6.5 points on the Beck scale), some decrease in visual memory (11 vs. 11.5 pictures) and a higher incidence of general asthenia (74% vs. 44%) in patients COVID-19 (p ≤ 0.05). There was no correlation between the severity of cognitive impairment and the duration of COVID-19.
Conclusions. COVID-19 is mildly accompanied by the development of mild cognitive impairment in young patients.
Keywords: cognitive impairment, COVID-19, depression, anxiety, asthenia.
Epidemiological characteristics of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for 2020-2021
Authors:   postgraduate student of the Department of Infectious Diseases, Phthisiology and Dermatovenereology, Ilyina N.A. , Sleptsova S.S. ,   MD, associate professor, Head of the Department of Infectious Diseases, Phthisiology and Dermatovenereology, Sleptsov S.S. ,   PhD in Biology, associate professor, senior researcher, Laboratory of Clinical Population and Medical and Social Research
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The first confirmed case of COVID-19 in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) was registered on March 18, 2020, and in June the regional incidence rate reached 267.7 people/100,000 population, which was significantly higher than the national average.
Objective. Conduct an analysis of the epidemiological situation of the incidence of a new coronavirus infection (NCVI) in the RS (Y) for 2020-2021.
Materials and methods. The work used data from official statistics of the Office of Rospotrebnadzor in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), FGUZ "Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)" and Rosstat.
Results. Despite the regional peculiarities of the population of Yakutia, epidemic rises in the incidence of NCVI COVID-19 in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) corresponded to the periods of spread of the "Wuhan" strain of the virus in 2020 (2,531.0 people/100 thousand people) and the Indian strain " delta” in 2021 (8,196.9 people/100 thousand people), which was reflected in a 3.6-fold increase in the mortality rate in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) (from 39.0 to 141.8 people/100 thousand of us.). The incidence in the first year of the pandemic was directly related to the transport accessibility of certain territories of Yakutia and the implementation of anti-epidemic measures. The incidence of COVID-19 in all territories in 2021 was significantly higher than in 2020.
Conclusion. Morbidity and mortality rates of NCVI for 2020-2021 comparable with periods of rising morbidity and mortality in Russia.
Keywords: COVID-19, coronavirus pandemic, Yakutia, morbidity, mortality, epidemic rises.
Association of the PTGS2 polymorphism rs689466 with plasma irisin level in residents of Yakutia
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Yakut Science Center of Complex Medical Problems, Nikanorova A.A. , Barashkov N.A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Yakut Science Center of Complex Medical Problems, Pshennikova V.G. ,   Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Yakut Science Center of Complex Medical Problems, Nakhodkin S.S. ,   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Fedorova S.A. ,   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University
Published: December 2024

Prostaglandin E2 may be involved in an increase in body temperature during cold stress by the type of fever. At the same time, a significant part of heat production is produced during shivering thermogenesis, due to arbitrary muscle activity, which is accompanied by the release of the hormone irisin. Prostaglandin E2 is formed from arachidonic acid by the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2, which is encoded by the PTGS2 gene. The transcriptional activity of the PTGS2 gene depends on its allelic variants, which can affect thermoregulation processes in different ways. In this regard, the aim of this study is to analyze the polymorphism rs689466 of the PTGS2 gene with the level of irisin in blood plasma in a population of Yakuts living in cold climatic conditions. The study involved 183 women and 80 men (average age 19.73±1.99 years). Analysis of the association of polymorphism rs689466 of the PTGS2 gene with irisin levels showed that in men with the TT genotype, irisin levels (8.2±1.85 μg/ml) were statistically significantly higher (U=261; p=0.005), compared with men with CT+CC genotypes (7.1±1.25 μg/ml). In addition, it was found that men with the TT genotype (63.6±6.67 kg) had a lower weight than men with the CT+CC genotypes (67.93±7.28 kg; U=279; p=0.01). The detected association of the TT rs689466 genotype of the PTGS2 gene with elevated irisin levels and with a lower weight in men may indicate the effect of prostaglandin E2 on shivering thermogenesis during cold stress, which may play a role in human adaptation to a cold climate.
Keywords: irisin, prostaglandin E2, gene PTGS2, rs689466, fever, cold stress.
Genetic factors of obesity
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Yakut Science Center for Complex Medical Problems, Pavlova N.I. , Alekseev V.A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Yakut Science Center for Complex Medical Problems
Published: December 2024

The rapidly increasing prevalence of obesity in the population in recent decades is an important public health issue because it increases the risk of diabetes, heart disease, stroke and other serious diseases. Its causes include excessive consumption of high-calorie foods, as well as a sedentary lifestyle. It has been proven that, in addition to energy imbalance, 40–70% of the development of obesity is influenced by hereditary factors. As a rule, obesity results from the interaction of certain gene polymorphisms with the environment. Only a small number of cases of obesity are the result of the presence of mutations in certain genes (monogenic obesity), causing Mendelian syndromes with a very low frequency in the population. This review describes the genetic causes of obesity, including syndromal, monogenic and polygenic causes.
Keywords: Obesity, genes, polymorphisms.
The role of melatonin in disorders of the psychoemotional sphere
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, Grigorieva A.A. , Okhlopkova E.D. ,   Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk
Published: December 2024

An analysis of the works of domestic and foreign literature devoted to the study of the effect of melatonin on the psycho-emotional state of the organism was carried out. According to most researchers, the trend towards an increase in the prevalence of depressive disorders continues. Currently, there is a search for new approaches in the treatment of depression. The relationship between melatonin and the occurrence of depressive disorders requires further study.
Keywords: melatonin, depression, circadian rhythm, neuroinflammation, nervous system, chronotype.
О ПРИМЕРНОСТИ МОЛОДЫХ ОФИЦЕРОВ КОСМИЧЕСКИХ ЧАСТЕЙ В ВЫПОЛНЕНИИ ВОИНСКОГО И СЛУЖЕБНОГО ДОЛГА В ПЕРИОД ИХ СТАНОВЛЕНИЯ КАК САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ СОСТАВНОЙ ЧАСТИ ВООРУЖЕННЫХ СИЛ СССР. (ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ 19811991 гг.)
Authors: В.М. ЛАТАНОВ , О.А. КУРБАТОВ
Published: December 2024

Статья посвящена изучению деятельности командиров, политорганов, общественных организаций космических частей в работе с молодыми офицерами по выполнению ими воинского и служебного долга в период их становления. В статье раскрываются проблемы, с которыми пришлось столкнуться руководству космических частей в условиях развернувшейся в стране перестройки, говориться о реальном положении и состоянии дел в космических частях исследуемого периода. В статье показана практическая работа командиров, политорганов, общественных организаций космических частей, по выполнению поставленных задач государственнополитическим руководством СССР и Главным управлением космических средств МО СССР в деле повышения требований к примерности офицерского состава Вооруженных Сил. Авторы приходят к выводу о том, что проделанная работа в целом была выполнена успешно, однако добиться коренного улучшения дисциплины среди молодых офицеров в космических частях в рассматриваемый период не удалось. Сказывалось негативное влияние перестроечных процессов в стране, падение престижности офицерской службы, значительное отставание от потребностей развития социальнокультурной сферы в космических частях. Имели место и недостатки в организации воспитательной работы с молодыми офицерами.

The article is devoted to the study of the activity of commanders, political bodies, public organizations of space units in working with young officers to perform their military and official duty during their formation. The article reveals the problems that the leadership of space units had to face in the conditions of the perestroika that unfolded in the country and the tasks that were set by the state and political leadership of the USSR and the Main Directorate of space assets of the USSR defense Ministry in increasing the requirements for the exemplary officers of the Armed Forces. We talk about the real situation and the state of Affairs in the space parts of the study period. The article shows the work of commanders, political bodies, public organizations of space units, to fulfill the tasks of the countrys leadership. The authors conclude that the work done has generally been successful, but that there has been no major improvement in discipline among young officers in space units during the period under review. The negative impact of the perestroika processes in the country, the fall in the prestige of the officer service, a significant backlog from the needs of the sociocultural sphere in space units. There were also shortcomings in the organization of educational work with young officers.
ФОЛЬКЛОР И ХОРОВОЕ ИСКУССТВО СЕВЕРНОЙ ОСЕТИИ. ДИРИЖЕРХОРМЕЙСТЕР Л.С. МАМУКОВА И ЕЕ ВКЛАД В ХОРОВУЮ КУЛЬТУРУ СЕВЕРНОЙ ОСЕТИИ
Authors: Э. БАТАГОВА Т , В. КАБИСОВ С
Published: December 2024

Статья посвящена осетинской хоровой культуре на современном этапе ее развития, в частности таким ее формам, как хоровое пение в любительских, учебных коллективах средних и высших учебных заведений РСО-А. В центре исследования фигура дирижера-хормейстера Людмилы Сергеевны Мамуковой, чья профессиональная деятельность осуществляется в музыкально-исполнительском, воспитательно-эстетическом и образовательном направлениях. Руководитель учебных, любительских, студенческих хоровых коллективов, Л.С. Мамукова поддерживает и развивает лучшие традиции отечественного хорового искусства. Создание таких коллективов, как юношеский хор «Ацамаз», студенческий хор «Ӕлутон», активизирует интерес молодежи к традиционной музыкальной культуре, формирует у хористов творческое мышление. Многогранная деятельность хорового дирижера Л.С. Мамуковой способствует раскрытию творческого потенциала учащихся и студентов, дает дополнительные импульсы к развитию молодежного фольклорного движения.

The article is devoted to the Ossetian choral culture at the present stage of its development, in particular its forms such as choral singing in amateur, educational collectives of secondary and higher educational institutions of RSO-A. In the center of the study is the gure of the conductor-choirmaster Lyudmila Sergeevna Mamukova, whose professional activity is carried out in the musical-performing, educational-aesthetic and educational directions. The head of educational, amateur, student choirs, L.S. Mamukova supports and develops the best traditions of Russian choral art. The creation of such collectives as the youth choir "Atsamaz", the student choir "Aluton", activates the interest of young people in traditional musical culture, forms the choristers' creative thinking. The multifaceted activity of choral conductor L.S. Mamukova contributes to the disclosure of the creative potential of students and students, gives additional impulses to the development of the youth folklore movement.
РОЛЬ ФОСФОРА В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ ПРИ ПРИМЕНЕНИИ УДОБРЕНИЙ И НЕФТЯНОМ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИИ ПОЧВ
Authors: Назарюк Владимир Митрофанович , Калимуллина Флюра Рахматуллаевна
Published: December 2024

В микрополевых опытах на серой лесной почве, загрязненной нефтью ( из расчета 10 т/га ) была исследована роль фосфатов в оптимизации минерального питания зерновых культур с использованием органических и минеральных удобрений. Загрязнение углеводородами приводило к повышению содержания подвижных форм фосфатов во все годы исследований (2009-2013г). Внесение минеральных удобрений стабилизировало фосфатный режим почвы, что отразилось на увеличении запасов подвижных фосфатов. Самое значительное повышении этой формы отмечено при совместном применении органических и минеральных удобрений. На загрязненной нефтью почве резко снизилось формирование биомассы растений и соответственно вынос фосфора, особенно в первый год проведения исследований. Сочетание органических и минеральных удобрений устранило негативное действие токсиканта. Баланс фосфора в почве контрольного варианта и с нефтяным загрязнением складывался отрицательным, тогда как при внесении органоминеральных удобрений он был положительный.

In microfield experiments on grey forest soil contaminated with oil (at the rate of 10 t/ha), the role of phosphates in optimizing the mineral nutrition of grain crops using organic and mineral fertilizers was investigated. Hydrocarbon pollution led to an increase in the content of mobile forms of phosphates in all the years of research (2009-2013). The introduction of mineral fertilizers stabilized the phosphate regime of the soil, which affected the increase in the reserves of mobile phosphates. The most significant increase in this form was noted with the combined use of organic and mineral fertilizers. On oil-contaminated soil, the formation of plant biomass and, accordingly, the removal of phosphorus has sharply decreased, especially in the first year of research. The combination of organic and mineral fertilizers eliminated the negative effect of the toxicant. The phosphorus balance in the soil of the control variant and with oil pollution was negative, whereas when applying organic-mineral fertilizers, it was positive.
Азотные удобрения и удельная активность Сs фитомассы загрязненных радионуклидами пойменных сенокосов
Authors: Пакшина Светлана Михайловна , Белоус Николай Максимович , Смольский Евгений Владимирович , Шаповалов Виктор Федорович , Харкевич Людмила Петровна , Кротова Елена Анатольевна
Published: December 2024

В опыте на алювиально-луговой песчаной почве в пойме р. Ипуть (Новозыбковский район, Брянская область) показано, что удельная активность Cs фитомассы трав при внесении полного минерального удобрения (NPK) при условии, что отношение доз K к N равно 1, выше, чем при внесении фосфорно-калийного в равных с NPK дозах P и K. При внесении NPK в постоянных дозах N и P удельная активность Cs фитомассы трав уменьшается закономерно при значениях K / N ≥ 1. Математическая модель адсорбции ионов на поверхности корневых систем посевов свидетельствует, что отношение адсорбированных ионов K к N при внесении фосфорно-калийного удобрения выше, чем при внесении NPK при K / N = 1. В этом варианте недостаток К для биосинтеза азотсодержащих органических соединений возмещается ионами Cs, интенсивный обмен которого на ионы К, находящиеся на корнях, усиливается после перехода К в другие органы растения. При внесении фосфорно-калийного удобрения недостаток азота компенсируется усиленным поглощением Mg для биосинтеза хлорофилла и экстрактивных веществ. Оптимальные свойства фитомассы трав пойменных сенокосов достигаются при внесении NPK при условии, что K / N ≥ 1,5.

In the experiment on the alluvial-meadow sandy soil at the Iput river floodplain (Novozybkov district, Bryansk region) it was shown that the specific activity of 137Cs in herbs phytomass was higher at introduction of full mineral fertilizer (NPK) with K/N ratio equal to 1, than at the application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers in the same doses of P and K. During the introduction of NPK at constant doses of N and P the specific 137Cs activity of grasses phytomass decreases when K / P ≥ 1. The mathematical model of ion adsorption on the surface of the crops root systems demonstrated that the ratio of adsorbed K to N ions was higher at the application of phosphorus-potash fertilizers than at introduction of NPK with K / N = 1. In this variant the shortcoming of K for the biosynthesis of nitrogen-containing organic compounds was replenished by ions 137Cs, intensive exchange of which for K + ions located on the roots, amplified after the K+ transition to other organs of the plant. At introduction of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer the lack of nitrogen was compensated by the strengthened absorption of Mg2+ for biosynthesis of chlorophyll and extractive substances. Optimum properties of herbs biomass at inundated haymakings were reached at NPK introduction on the condition that K/N ≥ 1,5.
Влияние длительного применения удобрений на азотный режим дерново-подзолистой почвы и урожайность картофеля (um L.)
Authors: Ямалтдинова Венера Рафхатовна , Фомин Денис Станиславович , Шишков Данил Глебович
Published: December 2024

Изучено влияние органической, минеральной и органоминеральной систем удобрения на содержание азота в дерново-подзолистой тяжелосуглинистой почве. Установлено, что независимо от системы удобрения, в азотном фонде преобладала негидролизуемая фракция азота - 51,2-57,2% от общего количества. Содержание трудногидролизуемого азота составило 28,0-34,3%, легкогидролизуемого - 11,5-13,6%, минерального - 1,8-2,8%. Наиболее высокое содержание всех форм азота в почве отмечено при применении органоминеральной системы удобрения. Наибольшее повышение урожайности картофеля было достигнуто при применении минеральных и органоминеральных удобрений 10,67-13,59 т/га. Максимальное содержание сухого вещества (19,45%) и крахмала (13,40%) в клубнях картофеля было получено в варианте без удобрений.

The influence of organic, mineral and complex fertilization systems on the content of nitrogen in soddy-podzolic loamy soil was studied. It was found that the non-hydrolysable fraction of nitrogen prevailed in the soil nitrogen stock (51.2-57.2% of the total amount) under all investigated fertilization systems. The hardly hydrolyzable nitrogen content was of 28.0-34.3 %, easily hydrolyzable - 11.5-13.6%, mineral - 1.8-2.8 %. The highest content of all forms of nitrogen in the soil was observed under application of complex (organic and mineral) fertilization systems. The greatest increase in potato yield was obtained from the use of mineral and complex fertilizеrs systems 10.67-13.59 t/ha. The maximum content of dry matter (19.45%) and starch (13.40%) in potato tubers was determined in the variant without fertilizers.
Изменение и взаимосвязь физических и микробиологических показателей луговых почв юго-востока ЦЧЗ в результате агрогенеза
Authors: Турусов Виктор Иванович , Чевердин Юрий Иванович , Титова Татьяна Витальевна , Беспалов Владимир Алексеевич , Гармашова Любовь Васильевна
Published: December 2024

Важным показателем плодородия почв является состав почвенного микробоценоза. В исследованиях, проведенных в ФГБНУ «НИИСХ ЦЧП им. В.В. Докучаева» в условиях юго-востока ЦЧЗ на луговых почвах - агрочерноземе гидрометаморфизованном (повышение рельефа) и гумусово-гидрометаморфической засоленной почве (ложбина) в 2016-2018 гг. установлена взаимосвязь показателей физических свойств почв, одним из которых является ее структурный состав, с интенсивностью биологических процессов в почвах. Численность аммонификаторов, как и иммобилизаторов углерода, была больше в мелких фракциях. Размер почвенных агрегатов определяет количество почвенных микроорганизмов, развивающихся в них. Регулируя физические свойства почвы, одним из которых является ее структурное состояние, можно влиять на количество почвенных микроорганизмов, определяющих интенсивность биологических процессов, происходящих в почве, и, как следствие этого, ее плодородие.

Composition of the soil microbiocenosis is the important soil fertility index. The research was performed in the federal state budgetary institution «Scientific Research Institute of Central Chernozem zone Agriculture named after V.V. Dokuchayev» in 2016-2018. The interrelation of the physical properties of meadow soils of the South-East of the Central-Chernozem Zone, one of which is their structural composition, with the intensity of soil biological processes was established. The number of ammonifying bacteria as well as carbon immobilizators were higher in the finer fractions. The size of soil aggregates determined the number of soil microorganisms developing in them. By adjusting physical properties of the soil, one of which is its structural condition, it is possible to influence the amount of soil microorganisms and enzymes that determine the intensity of soil-biological processes in the soil, and, consequently, its fertility.
Изменение и взаимосвязь физических и микробиологических показателей луговых почв юго-востока ЦЧЗ в результате агрогенеза
Authors: Трушков Анатолий Владимирович , Одабашян Мэри Юрьевна , Казеев Камиль Шагидуллович , Колесников Сергей Ильич
Published: December 2024

Исследование посвящено изучению изменения содержания органического вещества в первые годы залежного режима постагрогенных черноземов Ростовской области. Установлено, что содержание общего органического вещества в верхнем горизонте почвы (0-10 см) возрастает с увеличением возраста залежи от 3,4% на пахотном участке до 6,4% на целинном участке. Общее содержание органического вещества в постагрогенных черноземах повышается уже через год залежного режима. На глубине 45-50 см увеличение содержания исследуемого показателя отмечено через 17 мес. после прекращения обработки почвы. Выявлена динамика увеличения содержания окисляемого углерода в исследуемых почвах в течение периода наблюдений. В период активной вегетации уровень этого показателя в почвах всех опытных участков был в 4,5-5 раз выше, чем в период засухи. В верхнем горизонте почвы содержание окисляемого углерода на участке молодой залежи было в 2,5 раза выше, чем на пахотном участке, но при этом в 1,5 раза ниже, чем в контрольном варианте - многолетней залежи возрастом 72 года.

The changes in the postagrogenic chernozems organic matter content in the first years of the fallow regime were investigated in Rostov region. The content of organic matter in the upper soil horizon (0-10 см) increased with the age of the deposit from 3.4% in the arable plot to 6.4% in the virgin area. The total content of organic matter in postagrogenic chernozems increased after the first year of fallow regime. At a depth of 45-50 cm, the increase was noted at the 17th month of the natural regeneration. Active carbon content dynamics in the studied soils during the observation period was revealed. The content of this indicator in all experimental plots was 4.5-5 times higher during the vegetation period than in the period of drought. The active carbon content in the upper horizon of the young deposit soil was 2.5 times higher than in the arable area, while 1.5 times lower than in the positive control, that was the deposit of 72 years old.
Влияние препарата «Геотон» и микробных препаратов на микромицеты и урожайность ярового ячменя (Hordeum vulgare L.) в условиях Нечерноземья
Authors: Суслов Алексей Афанасьевич , Свириденко Дмитрий Георгиевич , Арышева Светлана Петровна , Васильева Наиля Анатольевна , Ефимова Екатерина Сергеевна , Якубовская Алла Ивановна , Титова Вера Ивановна
Published: December 2024

В изучении вопроса деструкции органического вещества важной группой микроорганизмов является грибная микробиота. Выращивание сельскохозяйственных культур на дерново-подзолистых почвах, бедных по запасам питательных веществ, требует значительного поступления элементов питания для растений. В качестве современных биологически активных веществ могут применяться гуматные препараты, а также высокоактивные штаммы микроорганизмов. Исследованиями показано влияние органоминерального комплекса «Геотона» и микробных препаратов (биополицид, фосфоэнтерин, ризоагрин) на численность грибов в прикорневой зоне ярового ячменя в условиях Центрального Нечерноземья. При использовании «Геотона» 1:80 в 2015 г. в период полной спелости растений существенно снижалась численность грибов на 1,7 × 10 КОЕ грибных зачатков / г почвы, 2017 г. - на 1,0 × 10 КОЕ грибных зачатков/ г почвы. В варианте применения ризоагрина в период молочной спелости зафиксировано достоверное повышение данного показателя в 2015 г. на 3,5 . 10 КОЕ грибных зачатков /1 г почвы, в 2016 г. на 2,7 × 10 КОЕ грибных зачатков / г почвы, в 2017 г. на 4,4 × 10 КОЕ грибных зачатков/1 г почвы по отношению к контролю. Зафиксировано уменьшение численности микромицетов (фаза молочной спелости) при использовании «Геотона» 1:60 + ризоагрин в 2015 г. на 3,9 × 10 КОЕ грибных зачатков / г почвы, в 2016 г. 1,0 × 10 КОЕ грибных зачатков / г почвы, к «Геотону» 1:60.

In studying the degradation of organic matter, an important group of microorganisms is fungal microflora. Growing crops on soddy-podzolic soils, poor in nutrient reserves, requires a significant supply of nutrients for plants. Humate preparations as well as highly active strains of microorganisms can be used as modern biologically active substances. The studies showed the influence of the Geoton organo-mineral complex and microbial preparations (biopolicide, phosphoenterin, risoagrin) on the number of fungi in the basal zone of spring barley in the Central Non-Black Earth region. When using Geoton 1:80 in 2015 during the period of complete ripeness of plants, the number of fungi by 1.7 × 10 CFU of mushroom germs/ g of soil was significantly reduced, 2017 by 1.0 × 10 CFU of mushroom germs/ g of soil. In the variant of using risoagrin during the period of dairy ripeness, a reliable increase in this indicator was recorded in 2015 by 3.5 × 10 CFU of mushroom germs/ g of soil, in 2016 by 2.7 × 10 CFU of mushroom germs/ g of soil, in 2017 by 4.4 × 10 CFU of mushroom germs/ g of soil, in regard to the control. A decrease in micromycetes (milky ripeness phase) was recorded when using Geoton 1:60 + risoagrin in 2015 by 3.9 × 10 CFU of mushroom germs/ g of soil, 2016 by 1.0 × 10 CFU of mushroom germs/ g of soil, to Geoton 1:60 relative to control.
ПОСЛЕДЕЙСТВИЕ ДЛИТЕЛЬНОГО ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ОСАДКА ГОРОДСКИХ СТОЧНЫХ ВОД В СОЧЕТАНИИ С ИЗВЕСТКОВАНИЕМ ДЕРНОВО-ПОДЗОЛИСТОЙ СУПЕСЧАНОЙ ПОЧВЫ НА СОСТОЯНИЕ МЕДИ В СИСТЕМЕ ПОЧВА-РАСТЕНИЕ
Authors: Сунгатуллина Альбина Нурфаязовна , Егоров Владимир Сергеевич , Касатиков Виктор Александрович , Шабаев Валерий Павлович
Published: December 2024

Исследования на базе длительного стационарного опыта позволили выявить влияние последействия высоких доз осадка городских сточных вод в сочетании с известкованием на поведение меди в системе почва-растение. Высокое содержание органического вещества в осадке сточных вод способствовало снижению содержания потенциально доступных растениям форм меди, повышению уровня гумусированности почвы. Известкование дерново-подзолистой супесчаной почвы не привело к снижению концентрации меди в почве до нормативного уровня. Содержание меди в растениях овса и тритикале охарактеризовано как дефицитное, известкование почвы способствовало снижению концентрации меди в растениях до уровня ниже установленных норм.

In the studies held in the long-term stationary experiments the aftereffect of high doses of urban sewage sludge in the combination with liming on the behavior of copper in the soil-plant system was identified. The high content of organic matter in the sewage sludge contributed to a decrease in the content of potentially available forms of copper, an increase in soil humus level. The liming of the soddy-podzolic sandy loam soil did not reduce the copper concentration in the soil to the standard level. The copper content in oat and triticale plants was characterized as scarce; liming of the soil contributed to a decrease in the copper concentration in plants to a level below the established norms.
Влажностный гистерезис торфоземов: значение структуры порового пространства
Authors: Сорокина Н.В. , Шеин Е.В. , Абросимов К.Н.
Published: December 2024

Капилляриметрическим методом исследовали гистерезис основной гидрофизической кривой в области pF от 1 до 3 для трех торфоземов, отличающихся происхождением и эволюцией: древесных, подстилаемых травяным осоковым торфом; агроминеральных и гипновых. Для всех торфоземов отмечалась широкая петля гистерезиса, обусловленная трансформацией структуры порового пространства. Методами томографии показано, что объемы макропор (диаметром 75–1000 мкм) увеличиваются (от 66 до 87%), за счет снижения мезопор (30–75 мкм) (от 31 до 18%) и частично микропор (от 3 до 1%) для гипнового торфозема. Наиболее ярко этот процесс выражен в гипновом торфоземе и в древесном торфоземе, что вызывает необходимость учитывать гистерезис ОГХ при использовании математических физически обоснованных моделей прогноза водного режима, опираясь в основном на ботанический состав торфоземов.

The capillarimetric method was used to study the hysteresis of water retention curve (WRC) in the pF range from 1 to 3 for three peat soils that differ in origin and evolution: forest, underlain by herbaceous sedge peat; agromineral and hypnic. A wide hysteresis loop was recorded for all peat soils due to the transformation of the pore space structure. For hypnum peat soil the tomography methods have shown that the volumes of macropores (with the diameter of 75–1000 µm) increased (from 66 to 87%) due to the decrease in mesopores (30–75 µm) (from 31 to 18%) and partially micropores (from 3 to 1%). This process is mostly pronounced in hypnum peat soil and forest peat soil, which lead to necessity of considering the WRC hysteresis when using mathematical physically based models for predicting the water regime based mainly on the botanical composition of peat soils.
СТИМУЛИРУЮЩИЙ ФИТОЭФФЕКТ Fе3O4-АКТИВИРОВАННОГО УГЛЯ ПРИ КОМБИНИРОВАННОМ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИИ ПОЧВЫ АНТИБИОТИКОМ ЦИПРОФЛОКСАЦИНОМ И МЕДЬЮ
Authors: Дзеранов А.А. , Самбрано Г.С.К. , Батаков А.Д. , Кыдралиева К.А. , Терехова В.А.
Published: December 2024

Исследованы эффекты активированного угля, модифицированного наночастицами оксида железа − магнетита Fe3O4, в сравнении с промышленными гуминовыми препаратами по отношению к антибиотику ципрофлоксацину и меди, содержащимися по отдельности и совместно в образцах дерново-подзолистой почвы. Фитостимулирующая эффективность Fe3O4 -активированного угля оказалась более высокой при комбинированном загрязнении. Обсуждается возможный механизм более высокой стимулирующей рост корней тест-растений активности Fe3O4 -активированного угля по сравнению с промышленными гуматами при загрязнении почвы смесью меди и ципрофлоксацина.

The effects of activated carbon modified with magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were studied in comparison with commercial humic preparations in relation to the antibiotic ciprofloxacin and copper contained separately and together in soddy-podzolic soil samples. The combined action of pollutants causes a greater toxic effect on the growth of plant roots than copper and antibiotic alone. The phytostimulating efficiency of Fe3O4 - activated carbon turned out to be higher with combined pollution. A possible mechanism of competitive interaction of copper cations and antibiotic on the surface of the sorbent is proposed, which explains the advantages of the detoxifying ability of the efficiency of Fe3O4 - activated carbon.
ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ФОРМ АЗОТНЫХ УДОБРЕНИЙ ПРИ ВЫРАЩИВАНИИ ЗЛАКОВЫХ ТРАВ НА НЕФТЕЗАГРЯЗНЕННОЙ ОЛИГОТРОФНОЙ ТОРФЯНОЙ ПОЧВЕ
Authors: Арзамазова А.В. , Гальцова А.Д. , Кинжаев Р.Р. , Григорьева И.И.
Published: December 2024

Максимально благоприятные условия для роста и развития злаковых трав на нефтезагрязненной олиготрофной торфяной почве создавались при повышенном уровне обеспеченности растений элементами минерального питания, а оптимальным вариантом для роста злаковых трав оказался вариант с внесением аммонийно-нитратной формы азотных удобрений. При дозе нефтезагрязнения 130 г/кг почвы внесение аммиачно-нитратной формы азотных удобрений увеличивало активность уреазы в 2–3 раза по сравнению с контролем. Активность фосфатазы увеличивалась во всех удобренных вариантах, достигая максимальных значений в варианте с аммиачно-нитратными удобрениями. На активность каталазы внесение удобрений не оказало существенного влияния. Наибольшее снижение содержания нефти произошло в вариантах с внесением азота в аммиачно-нитратной форме и составило в среднем 10–14 %.

The most favorable conditions for the growth and development of grasses on oil-polluted oligotrophic peat soil were created with an increased level of plant supply with elements of mineral nutrition, and the best option for the growth of grasses was the option with the introduction of an ammonia-nitrate form of nitrogen fertilizers. At a dose of oil contamination of 130 g / kg of soil, the introduction of an ammonia-nitrate form of nitrogen fertilizers increased the activity of urease by 2–3 times compared with the control. Phosphatase activity increased in all fertilized variants, reaching maximum values in the variant with ammonium nitrate fertilizers. The application of fertilizers did not have a significant effect on the activity of catalase. The greatest decrease in the oil content occurred in variants with the addition of nitrogen in the ammonia-nitrate form and averaged 10–14%. Keywords: oil pollution, oligotrophic peat soil, soil enzymatic activity.
Detection and investigation of roméite group minerals in historical silicate glass using electron backscatter diffraction and microcathodoluminescence spectroscopy
Authors: Yuryeva Tatyana V. , Malyhin Sergey A. , Kudryavtsev Andrey A. , Afanasyev Ilya B. , Karpenko Vladimir Y. , Yuryev Vladimir A.
Published: December 2024

Early 19th century silicate glass of opal beads made at Murano has been studied by means of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectral analysis and elemental mapping, electron backscatter diffraction, and cathodoluminescence spectroscopy and mapping. The studied glass has been found to contain micro crystals of some accessory minerals associated with the quartz raw material at the site of extraction; they got into the glass melt with quartz as an uncontrolled impurities during glass making. Most of these particles are minerals of the roméite group, mainly fluorcalcioroméite and “fluornatroroméite”; the glass studied also contains micro inclusions of baryte and cerussite. Micro cathodoluminescence spectra of opal glass and fluorcalcioroméite inclusions have been investigated; the spectra of fluorcalcioroméite consist of a broad high-energy band and a much narrower low-energy one at the temperature of both 300 and 80 K. A set of narrow lines with maximum close to the quantum energy of 1.7 eV are a feature of fluorcalcioroméite luminescence; these lines predominate at the temperature of 80 K in its low-energy CL band. Based on the mineral composition of the micro inclusions, possible places of mining of the quartz raw material used for the manufacture of opal beads in the 19th century have been discussed. Several locations in the territories of modern Italy, Switzerland and Austria have been considered. It is concluded that mineral particles in historical glass can be used for the provenance determination of the silica raw material used for the glass production.
GENERATIVE APPROACHES TO BEHDINI-KURDISH STUDENTS' ACQUISITION OF ENGLISH PASSIVIZATION
Authors: Toma Shivan
Published: December 2024

This research examines how Behdini-Kurdish students acquire passive voice in English, focusing on the interaction between their innate linguistic abilities and external language input. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study investigates the strategies used by Kurdish learners on acquiring passive voice constructions, which pose a notable challenge for many individuals learning English as a foreign language. By analyzing the cognitive processes and tactics used by these students, this research aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in second language acquisition (SLA) from the perspective of generative grammar. Preliminary observations suggest that Kurdish students' acquisition of the passive voice in English is influenced by factors such as the linguistic structure of their native language, exposure to language input, and their inherent language acquisition ability. This study emphasizes the importance of tailored pedagogical strategies that align with the theories of generative grammar to enhance Kurdish students' competence in mastering passive voice structures in English. Practical results show that explicit instruction and increased exposure to passive constructions in English significantly improve learners' proficiency. In addition, error analysis reveals common problems with verb forms and agent placement, necessitating focused educational interventions. This study provides important insights into the challenges faced by Behdini-Kurdish students in acquiring passive voice structures in English. Several key conclusions are drawn from this study including challenges in learning passive voice in English among the majority of Behdini-Kurdish learners due to the effect of language transfer in most cases.