bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transformations of body image associated with impaired perception
Authors: Levytska I.
Published: October 2019

The article presents a theoretical generalization and empirical study of the reasons of occurrence are revealed in the article and the diagnostic markers of disturbances of perception of physical I in early adolescence are described, the expediency of organization of psychological and pedagogical influence on correction of body image as a factor of optimization of self-image of girls of 15-18 years to the image of physical self is emphasized;  described a program of social and psychological training aimed at changing the attitude of girls to their health by updating the subjective importance of the functional component of the image of the physical self; an experimental and diagnostic study of indicators of the effectiveness of the program of psychological development and correction of body image in young adolescents is shown.

The image of the physical I am tightly connected with self-esteem, as the cognitive component is not perceived by the person indifferent, but awakens in her the assessments and emotions, the intensity of which depends on the context and the cognitive content itself.  Global self-expression, which symbolizes the individual's feelings for or against, has a macrostructure that contains four emotional components and two subsystems: the self-esteem system and the emotional-value system. Self-esteem develops on the basis of leading activity, hierarchy of values, basic motives, social ideas, stereotypes, standards, norms of behavior in relation to which a person conceives his / her self and creates personal meanings.

 The structure of self-esteem can be expressed as follows: First, there is some generalized self-esteem (self-esteem, self-esteem), which is a holistic, one-dimensional and universal formation, which expresses the degree of positive attitude of the individual to his own imagination of the image of "I";  second, this generalized self-integration is in some way integrated with partial self-esteem according to their subjective significance.
Young Women`s Opinions about the Use of Cosmetics and Its Impact on Health
Authors: Šniepienė Gražina , Maniušienė Margarita , Jonuševičienė Judita , Žiliukas Geriuldas
Published: October 2019

Research background. Young women use cosmetic products daily to maintain a good aesthetic appearance and express their individuality. Their habits of use aﬀect not only their skin and hair condition but also their well-being and health. After getting familiar with the young women’s opinion about the use of cosmetics, we aimed to promote women’s interest in the safe use of cosmetics. The aim of the study was to assess the opinions of young women towards the use of cosmetics. Methods. Quantitative research, questionnaire method was applied. The study sample consisted of students of the Klaipeda University of Applied Sciences studying in the feld of biomedicine (girls and women, n = 240). Results. The study showed that the most commonly used were hygiene products. Most respondents used between 5 and 10 cosmetic products per day (39.6%). The main choice criteria of cosmetic products were as follows: benefcial long-term eﬀects and the desired eﬀect on beauty. More than 90% of young women believed that cosmetic products might contain substances that were harmful to health, but about 36% of them asked about the presence of specifc substances. Conclusion. The study showed that young women’s habits posed a certain risk of adverse eﬀects, as a large number of them were not interested in the composition of the product before purchasing. Despite the fact that the majority of women experienced side eﬀects, a few of them performed a patch test. Most women agreed that it was worth buying organic, though more expensive cosmetics, but a small number applied it themselves.Keywords: cosmetics, women, opinion.
The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Body Composition and Psycho-Emotional State in Obese Women
Authors: Žlibinaitė Laura , Žagoraitytė Viltė
Published: October 2019

Background. Overweight and obesity are described as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that can aﬀect health (WHO, 2016). Aerobic exercise as a form of physical activity is highly recommended for people with overweight and obesity by reducing weight and fat mass (Lee, Oh, 2014). Furthermore, it has a positive eﬀect on mental health (Said et al., 2017). The aim of the study was to determine the impact of four-week aerobic exercise on body composition and psycho-emotional status in obese women. Methods. Twelve obese women participated in moderate intensity aerobic training intervention (65–75% of max HR). Duration of the session was 60 min, 3 times per week. Measurements were taken twice: at the beginning and at the end of the study. Body composition was evaluated with “Tanita TBF-300” (UK Ltd., UK) analyzer: body weight (kg), BMI (kg/m2), percentage fat mass, fat mass (kg), fat free mass (kg), total body water (kg). Waist and hip circumferences were measured with a centimeter strip. To estimate psycho-emotional status we used Perceived Stress Scale 14 (PSS-14). Results. After aerobic exercise intervention, the body weight, fat mass, hip and waist circumferences were signifcantly reduced (p < 0.05). Changes in body mass index, lean body mass and waist-hip ratio were not statistically signifcant (p ≥ 0.05). During the study, the eﬀect of aerobic exercise intervention on the psychoemotional state was evaluated and subjectively perceived stress decreased statistically signifcantly (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Aerobic exercise intervention for four weeks reduced body weight, fat mass, waist and hip circumference and improved psycho-emotional state in obese women.Keywords: aerobic exercise, physical therapy, overweight, body composition, stress.
Effects of Different Myofascial Trigger Point Release Techniques on Pain, Function and Quality of Lifef for Patients after Surgical Treatment of the Rotator Cuff
Authors: Grigėnaitytė Greta , Lapinskas Edgaras
Published: October 2019

Research background. Musculoskeletal pain in the shoulder joint is a major cause of non-traumatic upper limb pain (Tejera-Falcón et al., 2017). Miofascial release is a fast-moving form of manual therapy to reduce pain and restore soft tissue functions. Chronic pain relief in the movement apparatus is a major burden on health care systems and state economics due to the deteriorating quality of life of people experiencing these problems (Laimi et al., 2018). Research aim was to determine the eﬀect of diﬀerent myofascial trigger release techniques on pain, function and quality of life in patients after surgical treatment of rotator cuﬀ. Methods. The study included volunteers (n = 14) who met the selection criteria. Research methods included a VAS pain scale, active range of motion, isometric muscle strength and subjective assessment of functional changes (PSFS) and quality of life (SF-36). Results. After 14 days of physiotherapy exercises involving the release of myofascial trigger points, the intensity of pain decreased signifcantly from 5.6 ± 1.4 points to 1.8 ± 1.5 points (p < 0.05). After treatment of the range of motion, isometric muscle strength signifcantly increased (p < 0.05). The treatment used had a positive eﬀect on subjective functional changes (before 3.1 ± 0.8 points, followed by 7.8 ± 1.4 points, p < 0.05) and quality of life. Conclusion. The use of diﬀerent myofascial trigger release techniques is eﬀective in reducing myofascial trigger pain, improving function and quality of life in patients after surgical treatment of rotator cuﬀs. However, there were no statistically signifcant diﬀerences between the groups after treatment.Keywords: myofascial pain syndrome, myofascial trigger point, ischemic compression, soft tissue mobilization.
Oral History of Charles R. Wright (1927-2017)
Authors: Pooley Jefferson
Published: October 2019

A distinguished sociologist of mass communication, Charles (Charlie) Wright was noted for his functionalist analysis of media as codified in the 1959 book Mass Communication. Wright joined the Annenberg School faculty in 1969. Over the span of 45 years, and well after his formal retirement in 1996, Wright taught generations of Annenberg students--notably his signature graduate course, Sociology of Mass Communications. That course--and indeed Wright’s career-long project to instill a sociological sensibility into communication research--had its roots in his mid–1950s teaching as a Columbia University graduate student and instructor.
Pengaruh Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis Sebagai Larvasida Vektor Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) Terhadap Benur Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Suryaningkunti Jeany Audina , Setyaningrum Endah , Susanto G. Nugroho
Published: October 2019

ABSTRAKPenyakit endemis yang menyebabkan angka kematian tertinggi hampir di seluruh provinsi di Indonesia adalah demam berdarah dengue (DBD). Vektor utama dalam penyebaran penyakit DBD adalah nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Usaha pembibitan udang banyak dikembangkan di Lampung namun usahanya tidak diikuti dengan penyelamatan lingkungan, sehingga muncul wabah DBD dari usaha pembibitan tersebut. Salah satu pengendalian vektor penyakit DBD dengan menggunakan larvasida Bti. Selain harus efektif membunuh larva nyamuk, Bti juga harus aman bagi organisme non target seperti udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei).Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh Bti sebagai larvasida vektor DBD terhadap mortalitas benur udang vaname (L. vannamei). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan November sampai Desember 2018 di Laboratorium Zoologi II, Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Lampung. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu kontrol (tidak diberi Bti), dan penambahan Bti 20 ppm, 40 ppm, 60 ppm, 80 ppm, serta 100 ppm. Parameter yang diamati adalah mortalitas benur udang vaname (L. vannamei), pertumbuhan berupa berat dan panjang, kelulushidupan serta kualitas air selama pemeliharaan. Data pertumbuhan yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan ANOVA, sedangkan data persentase mortalitas, kelulushidupan dan kualitas air yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Bti dengan berbagai konsentrasi tidak memberikan  pengaruh secara nyata terhadap pertumbuhan (p>0,05), persentase mortalitas dan kelulushidupan benur udang vaname (L. vannamei) sehingga larvasida tersebut dapat digunakan untuk pemberantasan vektor DBD pada hatchery dan tambak udang vaname.Kata kunci : Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, benur udang vaname (L. vannamei), pertumbuhan, mortalitas, kelulushidupan
Short-Term Response of Soil Microbial Community to Field Conversion from Dryland to Paddy under the Land Consolidation Process in North China
Authors: Li Xiaoxiao , Ma Jing , Yang Yongjun , Hou Huping , Liu Gang-Jun , Chen Fu
Published: October 2019

Land consolidation of dryland-to-paddy conversion for improving tillage conditions and grain production capacity is widely implemented throughout the world. The conversion affects soil ecological stability, especially the most active soil microorganisms. However, the impacts of the dryland-to-paddy conversion has paid little attention in recent decades. In this study, a pot experiment was used to explore the responses of the microbial community and their interactions with soil properties after rice in the first season (five months). The results indicated that a significant decrease in the topsoil pH, organic matter content, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonical nitrogen, and an increase in soil electrical conductivity (EC) was observed (p < 0.05) after the dryland-to-paddy conversion. The richness and diversity of bacteria and fungi decreased in the short term. The composition of the soil microbial community and the soil microbial dominant bacteria had considerably changed after the conversion. Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Olpidiomycota were found to be highly sensitive to the dryland-to-paddy conversion. The soil microbial community structure had extremely significant positive correlations with soil pH, EC, organic matter, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonical nitrogen (p < 0.05). Microorganisms are the most important component of soil nutrient cycling. Converting a large area of dryland to paddy may lead to an imbalance in the soil carbonitride cycle and should be further examined in North China.
Stimulatory Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on the Growth and Flowering of Potted Oriental Lilies
Authors: Salachna Piotr , Byczyńska Andżelika , Zawadzińska Agnieszka , Piechocki Rafał , Mizielińska Małgorzata
Published: October 2019

Nanoparticles exhibit unique biological activities and may serve as novel plant growth stimulators. This research consisted of a two-year pot experiment designed to find out if silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) might be used in the cultivation of Oriental lilies. In the first year, we evaluated the effects of various concentrations of AgNPs (0, 25, 50, 100, and 150 ppm) and their application methods (pre-planting bulb soaks, foliar sprays, and substrate drenches) on the growth and flowering of Lilium cv. Mona Lisa. In the second year, we evaluated the effects of soaking the bulbs of cv. Little John in the same concentration of AgNP solution on plant morphological features, leaf content of photosynthetic pigments, basic macronutrients, and complex biomolecules with the use of the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Soaking the bulbs in a nanoparticle solution turned out to be the most effective strategy for growth and flowering promotion. AgNPs stimulated plant growth, as manifested by enhanced accumulation of leaf and bulb biomass and accelerated flowering. Moreover, plants treated with silver nanoparticles showed higher leaf greenness index, formed more flowers, and flowered longer. At 100 ppm AgNPs, the leaves accumulated the highest content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids, and were the richest in potassium, calcium, and sulfur. The FTIR spectra did not show any changes in absorbance intensity and chemical composition in the leaves from AgNP-treated bulbs.
Anti-Oxidant Activity of Gallotannin-Enriched Extract of Galla Rhois Can Associate with the Protection of the Cognitive Impairment through the Regulation of BDNF Signaling Pathway and Neuronal Cell Function in the Scopolamine-Treated ICR Mice
Authors: Park Ji Won , Kim Ji Eun , Kang Mi Ju , Choi Hyeon Jun , Bae Su Ji , Kim Sou Hyun , Jung Young Suk , Hong Jin Tae , Hwang Dae Youn
Published: October 2019

The antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-metastatic/anti-invasion activities and laxative activity of Galla Rhois (GR) are well-known, although the neuropreservation effects of their extracts are still to be elucidated. To investigate the novel therapeutic effects and molecular mechanism of GR on alleviation of cognitive impairment, two different dosages of gallotannin-enriched GR (GEGR) were administered to Korl:ICR mice for three weeks, and to induce memory impairment, scopolamine (SP) was administered during the last seven days of the GEGR treatment period. GEGR showed the high level of the free radical scavenging activity to DPPH and suppressive activity to reactive oxygen species (ROS) in B35 cells as well as enhanced SOD and CAT activity in brains of the SP-induced model. Latency time for memory impairment assessed by the passive avoidance test significantly protected in the SP+GEGR treated group as compared to the SP+Vehicle treated group. Moreover, similar protective effects were observed on the secretion of BDNF in SP+GEGR treated mice. The expression of TrkB receptor, and phosphorylation of PI3K on the TrkB receptor signaling pathway were dramatically protected in the SP-induced model after GEGR treatment, whereas the expression of p75NTR receptor, the phosphorylation of JNK, and expression of Bax/Bcl-2 on the p75NTR receptor signaling pathway was significantly protected in the same group. Furthermore, the GEGR treated SP-induced model showed decreased number of dead neural cells and suppressed acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity and inhibited inflammatory responses. Taken together, these results indicate that the anti-oxidant activity of GEGR contributes to improving the neuronal cell function and survival during cognitive impairment in the SP-induced model through regulation of BDNF secretion and their receptor signaling pathway.
Bioenzymatic and Chemical Derivatization of Renewable Fatty Acids
Authors: Akula Ravi Kumar , Kwon Yong-Uk
Published: October 2019

In addition to our previous efforts toward bioenzymatic and chemical transformations of ricinoleic acid and oleic acid to their corresponding ,-dicarboxylic acids via their ester intermediates driven in Escherichia coli cells, several efficient oxidation conditions were investigated and optimized for the conversion of -hydroxycarboxylic acids to ,-dicarboxylic acids. Pd/C-catalyzed oxidation using NaBH4 in a basic aqueous alcohol and Ni(II) salt-catalyzed oxidation using aqueous sodium hypochlorite were considered to be excellent as a hybrid reaction for three successive chemical reactions (hydrogenation, hydrolysis, and oxidation) and an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and practical approach, respectively. Omega-hydroxycarboxylic acids and -aminocarboxylic acid were also easily prepared as useful building blocks for plastics or bioactive compounds from the bioenzymatically driven ester intermediate. The scope of the developed synthetic methods can be utilized for large-scale synthesis and various derivatizations.
Two Opposing Faces of Retinoic Acid: Induction of Stemness or Induction of Differentiation Depending on Cell-Type
Authors: Mezquita Belén , Mezquita Cristóbal
Published: October 2019

Stem cells have the capacity of self-renewal and, through proliferation and differentiation, are responsible for the embryonic development, postnatal development, and the regeneration of tissues in the adult organism. Cancer stem cells, analogous to the physiological stem cells, have the capacity of self-renewal and may account for growth and recurrence of tumors. Development and regeneration of healthy tissues and tumors depend on the balance of different genomic and nongenomic signaling pathways that regulate stem cell quiescence, proliferation, and differentiation. During evolution, this balance became dependent on all-trans retinoic acid (RA), a molecule derived from the environmental factor vitamin A. Here we summarize some recent findings on the prominent role of RA on the proliferation of stem and progenitor cells, in addition to its well-known function as an inductor of cell differentiation. A better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of stemness and cell differentiation by RA may improve the therapeutic options of this molecule in regenerative medicine and cancer.
Immune Dysfunctions and Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer: The Role of Dendritic Cells
Authors: Gessani Sandra , Belardelli Filippo
Published: October 2019

Colorectal cancer (CRC), a multi-step malignancy showing increasing incidence in today’s societies, represents an important worldwide health issue. Exogenous factors, such as lifestyle, diet, nutrition, environment and microbiota, contribute to CRC pathogenesis, also influencing non neoplastic cells, including immune cells. Several immune dysfunctions were described in CRC patients at different disease stages. Many studies underline the role of microbiota, obesity-related inflammation, diet and host reactive cells, including dendritic cells (DC), in CRC pathogenesis. Here, we focused on DC, the main cells linking innate and adaptive anti-cancer immunity. Variations in the number and phenotype of circulating and tumor-infiltrating DC have been found in CRC patients and correlated with disease stages and progression. A critical review of DC-based clinical studies and of recent advances in cancer immunotherapy leads to consider new strategies for combining DC vaccination strategies with check-point inhibitors, thus opening perspectives for a more effective management of this neoplastic disease.
The Role of Green Infrastructures in Urban Planning for Climate Change Adaptation
Authors: Sturiale Luisa , Scuderi Alessandro
Published: October 2019

The population that lives in cities has surpassed the one that lives in the countryside. Cities are recognized as apriority source of pollution. The degradation of air quality and the phenomenon of Urban Heat Island (UHI) are some of the most well-known consequences of urban development. The adaptation of the cities is emerging as one of the greatest challenges that urban planners will face in this century. Urban Green Infrastructures (GIs) could help cities adapt to climate change, and the strategy of expansion of greening in urban planning could play an important role in enhancing the sustainability and resilience of cities and communities. Many studies have shown the benefits of GIs to climate change mitigation and adaptation in urban areas and their role as an important urban planning tool to satisfy environmental, social, and economic needs of urban areas. The objective of this article is to propose a methodological approach to evaluate the social perception of citizens regarding urban green areas. The proposed methodology, applied to the reality of the “urban green system” of Catania, is based on an integrated approach between participatory planning and the methods social multi criteria evaluation to guiding the city’s government to realize a new urban resilient development.
Effect of Compaction and Hydraulic Gradient on Subbase Layer Permeability
Authors: Filotenkovas Vilius , Vaitkus Audrius
Published: October 2019

In order to prevent or at least reduce the deformation of road surface, it is necessary to ensure adequate water permeability of the structural layers and control of groundwater level. In geotechnical engineering, the water permeability of the mineral aggregates or soils is determined using a constant head water permeability apparatus. In order to assess the suitability of the results, it is necessary to take into account particle size distribution of the test object and perform the test at different hydraulic ramps. The aim of this research is to define and clarify unbound mineral aggregate mixtures hydraulic gradient and compaction level of road layer impact on water permeability. The following properties have been determined during the tests: particle size distribution, particle density, Proctor density, optimum water quantity, water permeability under different compaction and hydraulic slopes. Based on the results of the research, low-dustiness non-bonded mineral materials are recommended for frost resistant layers. For the water-permeability coefficient test, it is recommended that the test layer should be compacted to a design compaction ratio and the hydraulic gradient should not be higher than 1.0. Other conclusions and recommendations for further research and for improvement of water permeability functionality in the road pavement are presented.
Kolmogorov Complexity of Coronary Sinus Atrial Electrograms Before Ablation Predicts Termination of Atrial Fibrillation After Pulmonary Vein Isolation
Authors: Stępień Katarzyna , Kuklik Pawel , Żebrowski Jan J. , Sanders Prashanthan , Derejko Paweł , Podziemski Piotr
Published: October 2019

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is related to a very complex local electrical activity reflected in the rich morphology of intracardiac electrograms. The link between electrogram complexity and efficacy of the catheter ablation is unclear. We test the hypothesis that the Kolmogorov complexity of a single atrial bipolar electrogram recorded during AF within the coronary sinus (CS) at the beginning of the catheter ablation may predict AF termination directly after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). The study population consisted of 26 patients for whom 30 s baseline electrograms were recorded. In all cases PVI was performed. If AF persisted after PVI, ablation was extended beyond PVs. Kolmogorov complexity estimated by Lempel–Ziv complexity and the block decomposition method was calculated and compared with other measures: Shannon entropy, AF cycle length, dominant frequency, regularity, organization index, electrogram fractionation, sample entropy and wave morphology similarity index. A 5 s window length was chosen as optimal in calculations. There was a significant difference in Kolmogorov complexity between patients with AF termination directly after PVI compared to patients undergoing additional ablation (p < 0.01). No such difference was seen for remaining complexity parameters. Kolmogorov complexity of CS electrograms measured at baseline before PVI can predict self-termination of AF directly after PVI.
Developing Connective Pedagogy in Cultural Research—A Case Study from the Teachers’ Perspective in Adopting a Problem-Based Approach in Higher Education
Authors: Kumpulainen Kaisu , Vierimaa Sanna-Mari , Koskinen-Koivisto Eerika
Published: October 2019

The article examines the challenges university teachers face when adopting connective pedagogy in organizing teaching. Instead of studying the learning outcomes of the method, we decided in this research to focus on the teachers’ experiences when doing things differently in a fairly traditional pedagogical institution like a university. In spring 2019, as a part of our new degree programme entitled Culture, Communities, and Change (KUMU) at the University of Jyväskylä, we implemented a multisensory ethnography course in collaboration with a third sector development project promoting village tourism in Central Finland. On the course, we applied a problem-based approach to implement the connective pedagogy through which we wanted to increase the students’ working life skills and public engagement. While the main objective of the multisensory ethnography course was to develop village tourism and teach the students how to do ethnographic research, we also scrutinized our own teaching experience in developing higher education pedagogy through documenting our own activities in field diaries and analysing our own roles through self-reflexive ethnographic practice. The group discussions and the diaries of the teachers during the course are the data that has been analysed by means of social practice theory. The three elements of social practices—material, competence, and meaning—helped us to identify the important factors that should be taken into consideration when trying to change everyday practices in our work, in this case to organize collaborative teaching with a third sector development project. According to our results, a problem-based approach is an effective tool on a collaborative project course between the university and a third sector organization because it enabled us to practice connective pedagogy at a very practical level. There are also challenges in applying a new method. Studying our diaries and notes of group discussions and reflecting our experiences, we identified the following critical stages and weak spots: Planning and co-ordinating the course took a lot of time and resources and teachers must tolerate a certain amount of uncertainty. The competence of the teachers was also challenged; they needed to be open, for example, to dealing with unfamiliar research topics. Even if the teachers’ meanings, motivation, and values were in accordance with the principles of connective pedagogy, there are still many contradictions in the meaning element of problem-based teaching practice. Above all, the teachers were compelled to question their role as experts when taking third sector actors as equal partners in producing new knowledge.
Towards Energy Neutral Wireless Communications: Photovoltaic Cells to Connect Remote Areas
Authors: Das Sovan , Poves Enrique , Fakidis John , Sparks Adrian , Videv Stefan , Haas Harald
Published: October 2019

In this work, we have designed, developed and deployed the world’s first optical wireless communication (OWC) system using off-the-shelf lasers and solar photovoltaics. Four bidirectional OWC prototypes have been installed on the Orkney Islands of Scotland at a 30 m link distance for the provision of high-speed internet access to two residential properties. The silicon-made solar panels can harvest power up to 5 W from sunlight and they offer data rates as high as 8 Mb/s. Using additional analogue processing, data rates higher than the existing landline broadband connection are achieved. This breakthrough opens the development path to low cost, self-powered and plug-and-play free-space optical (FSO) systems.
Performance Evaluation and Prediction of BIPV Systems under Partial Shading Conditions Using Normalized Efficiency
Authors: Lee Chul-sung , Lee Hyo-mun , Choi Min-joo , Yoon Jong-ho
Published: October 2019

The performance of the Operable Building Integrated Photovoltaic (OBIPV) system applied to the building envelope to reduce the building energy consumption varies significantly depending on the operation method and influence of the surrounding environment. Therefore, optimization through performance monitoring is necessary to maximize power generation of the system. This study used temperature-corrected normalized efficiency (NE*) to evaluate the power generation performance of the operation methods and predict that of the OBIPV system based upon the measured data. It was confirmed that power generation performance decreased when the photovoltaic (PV) operation angle changed, the system remaining the same. A decrease in power generation performance due to partial shading from an overhang was also observed. As a result of the power generation prediction for two months using NE*, the error of the measured values was found to be less than 3%. In addition, with or without any partial shading of the OBIPV system, its performance degradation was predicted with an annual electricity generation decrease by 36 kWh/yr (6.5%). Therefore, NE* can be used as an indicator for evaluating the power generation performance of PV systems, and to predict generation performance considering partial shading.
Microsites and Climate Zones: Seedling Regeneration in the Alpine Treeline Ecotone Worldwide
Authors: Johnson Adelaide C. , Yeakley J. Alan
Published: October 2019

Microsites, local features having the potential to alter the environment for seedling regeneration, may help to define likely trends in high-elevation forest regeneration pattern. Although multiple microsites may exist in any alpine treeline ecotone (ATE) on any continent, some microsites appear to enhance density of seedling regeneration better than others. Known seedling regeneration stresses in the ATE include low temperature, low substrate moisture, high radiation, drought, wind, and both high and low snowfall amount. Relationships among various microsite types, annual temperature, annual precipitation, and tree genera groups were assessed by synthesizing 52 studies from 26 countries spanning six continents. By categorization of four main microsite types (convex, concave, object, and wood) by mean annual precipitation and temperature, four major climatic zone associations were distinguished: cold & dry, cold & wet, warm & dry, warm & wet. Successful tree recruitment varied among microsite types and by climatic zones. In general, elevated convex sites and/or decayed wood facilitated earlier snow melt for seedlings located in cold & wet climates with abundant snowfall, depressions or concave sites enhanced summer moisture and protected seedlings from wind chill exposure for seedlings growing in cold & dry locations, and objects protected seedlings from excessive radiation and wind in warm & dry high locations. Our study results suggest that climate change will most benefit seedling regeneration in cold & wet locations and will most limit seedling regeneration in warm & dry locations given likely increases in fire and drought. Study results suggest that high-elevation mountain forests with water-limited growing seasons are likely to experience recruitment declines or, at best, no new recruitment advantage as climate warms. Climate envelope models, generally focusing on adult trees rather than seedling requirements, often assume that a warming climate will move tree species upward. Study results suggest that climate models may benefit from more physically-based considerations of microsites, climate, and current seedling regeneration limitations.
Autochthonous Saccharomyces cerevisiae Starter Cultures Enhance Polyphenols Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Anti-Inflammatory Response of Apulian Red Wines
Authors: Grieco Francesco , Carluccio Maria Annunziata , Giovinazzo Giovanna
Published: October 2019

Several biotic and abiotic factors can influence the amount of polyphenols in grape tissues. During vinification, the temperature, presence of grape seeds and peel, and use of enzymes, can influence the extraction of polyphenols. However, little information is available on the effects of yeast strains used in the polyphenolic composition of wine. With this aim, two selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, ITEM 14093 and ITEM 14077 were used to produce wine from two Italian grape cultivars, Primitivo and Negroamaro. At the end of the alcoholic fermentation, the content of total polyphenols and of particular classes of polyphenols (stilbenes, phenolic acids, flavonols, and flavanols) and the antioxidant activity were evaluated and compared in the obtained wines. We also examined the effects of red wine extracts in a culture model of vascular inflammation. The results obtained comparing wine extracts obtained by utilizing commercial or autochthonous yeast showed that wines obtained with selected yeast significantly inhibited vascular inflammation. The results are positively directed towards the healthy properties of wine drinking.
Patterns and Constraints in the Evolution of Sperm Individualization Genes in Insects, with an Emphasis on Beetles
Authors: Vizán-Rico Helena I. , Mayer Christoph , Petersen Malte , McKenna Duane D. , Zhou Xin , Gómez-Zurita Jesús
Published: October 2019

Gene expression profiles can change dramatically between sexes and sex bias may contribute specific macroevolutionary dynamics for sex-biased genes. However, these dynamics are poorly understood at large evolutionary scales due to the paucity of studies that have assessed orthology and functional homology for sex-biased genes and the pleiotropic effects possibly constraining their evolutionary potential. Here, we explore the correlation of sex-biased expression with macroevolutionary processes that are associated with sex-biased genes, including duplications and accelerated evolutionary rates. Specifically, we examined these traits in a group of 44 genes that orchestrate sperm individualization during spermatogenesis, with both unbiased and sex-biased expression. We studied these genes in the broad evolutionary framework of the Insecta, with a particular focus on beetles (order Coleoptera). We studied data mined from 119 insect genomes, including 6 beetle models, and from 19 additional beetle transcriptomes. For the subset of physically and/or genetically interacting proteins, we also analyzed how their network structure may condition the mode of gene evolution. The collection of genes was highly heterogeneous in duplication status, evolutionary rates, and rate stability, but there was statistical evidence for sex bias correlated with faster evolutionary rates, consistent with theoretical predictions. Faster rates were also correlated with clocklike (insect amino acids) and non-clocklike (beetle nucleotides) substitution patterns in these genes. Statistical associations (higher rates for central nodes) or lack thereof (centrality of duplicated genes) were in contrast to some current evolutionary hypotheses, highlighting the need for more research on these topics.
Associations between Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Early Life and Astigmatism among Chinese Preschool Children
Authors: Li Chen-Guang , Yang Gui-You , Schmid Katrina L. , Huang Li-Hua , He Guan-Hao , Liu Li , Ruan Zeng-Liang , Chen Wei-Qing
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to investigate the association between environmental exposure to tobacco smoke (ETS) during early life and astigmatism in Chinese preschool children. In this cross-sectional study, information concerning prenatal and postnatal ETS exposure at three stages of early life (during pregnancy, from birth to one year and from one to three years), visual problems of children and parents (including a confirmed diagnosis of astigmatism), socio-demographics and perinatal characteristics were obtained from 27,890 parent-reported questionnaires. Logistic regression analyses were undertaken to yield adjusted odds ratios (OR) for assessing their associations. After adjusting for the potential confounders, children were more likely to exhibit astigmatism when they were exposed to ETS during pregnancy + from one to three years [OR (95% CI) = 1.37 (1.02, 1.84)], or from birth to one year + from one to three years [OR (95% CI) = 1.36 (1.11, 1.66)], or during pregnancy + from birth to one year + from one to three years old [OR (95% CI) = 1.29 (1.16, 1.45)], compared to children without ETS exposure at any stage of early life. In Chinese preschool children, prenatal and postnatal astigmatism was associated with ETS exposure; the greater the ETS dose, the greater the astigmatism risk.
Using Photo Stories to Support Doctor-Patient Communication: Evaluating a Communicative Health Literacy Intervention for Older Adults
Authors: Koops van ‘t Jagt Ruth , Tan Shu Ling , Hoeks John , Spoorenberg Sophie , Reijneveld Sijmen A. , de Winter Andrea F. , Lippke Sonia , Jansen Carel
Published: October 2019

Older adults often have limited health literacy and experience difficulties in communicating about their health. In view of the need for efficacious interventions, we compared a narrative photo story booklet regarding doctor-patient communication with a non-narrative but otherwise highly similar brochure. The photo story booklet included seven short picture-based stories about themes related to doctor-patient communication. The non-narrative brochure had comparable pictures and layout and dealt with the same themes, but it did not include any stories. We conducted two Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) among older adults with varying levels of health literacy: one RCT in Germany (N = 66) and one RCT in the Netherlands (N = 54); the latter one was followed by an in-depth interview study among a subset of the participants (81.5%; n = 44). In the RCTs, we did not find significant differences between the photo story booklet and the non-narrative brochure. In the interview study, a majority of the participants expressed a preference for the photo story booklet, which was perceived as recognizable, relevant, entertaining and engaging. We conclude that photo story booklets are a promising format but that there is room for improving their effectiveness.
Socio-Ecological Model of Correlates of Double Burden of Malnutrition in Developing Countries: A Narrative Review
Authors: Mahmudiono Trias , Segalita Calista , Rosenkranz Richard R.
Published: October 2019

(1) Background: The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is a complex problem involving the coexistence of under- and over-nutrition within the same individual, household or population. This review aimed to discuss the correlates of the double burden of malnutrition through the socio-ecological model (SEM); (2) Methods: The PubMed database was systematically searched for peer-reviewed articles related to the double burden of malnutrition. Information on correlates of the double burden of malnutrition was extracted for analysis and discussion in alignment with the levels of the socio-ecological model.; (3) Results and Discussion: The correlates of the double burden of malnutrition identified from previous literature were: Race/genetics; maternal short stature; breastfeeding status; low maternal education; family size; household food security; household dietary diversity; and rural and urban settings. In the absence of evidence linking factors in a certain level of the SEM and the double burden of malnutrition, we employed correlates of overweight status and obesity to complete this narrative. Potential intervention strategies were proposed in alignment with the targets and settings identified, based on the socio-ecological approach; (4) Conclusions: The double burden of malnutrition is a public health phenomenon associated with a variety of socio-ecological determinants. An integrated approach is needed to address the root causes of malnutrition in all its forms, and at all life stages.
Season, Terrestrial Ultraviolet Radiation, and Markers of Glucose Metabolism in Children Living in Perth, Western Australia
Authors: Clarke Catherine L. , Bell Lana M. , Gies Peter , Henderson Stuart , Siafarikas Aris , Gorman Shelley
Published: October 2019

Seasonality in glucose metabolism has been observed in adult populations; however, little is known of the associations between season and glucose metabolism in children. In this study, we examined whether markers of glucose metabolism (fasting glucose, insulin and HbA1c) varied by season in a paediatric population (6–13 years of age) located in Perth (Western Australia, n = 262) with data categorised by weight. Linear regression was used to analyse the nature of the relationships between mean daily levels of terrestrial ultraviolet radiation (UVR) (prior to the day of the blood test) and measures of glucose metabolism. Fasting blood glucose was significantly lower in autumn compared to spring, for children in combined, normal and obese weight categories. Fasting insulin was significantly lower in autumn and summer compared to winter for individuals of normal weight. HbA1c was significantly higher in summer (compared with winter and spring) in overweight children, which was in the opposite direction to other published findings in adults. In children with obesity, a strong inverse relationship (r = −0.67, p = 0.002) was observed for fasting glucose, and daily terrestrial UVR levels measured in the previous 6 months. Increased safe sun exposure in winter therefore represents a plausible means of reducing fasting blood sugar in children with obesity. However, further studies, using larger paediatric cohorts are required to confirm these relationships.
Attributes of Perceived Bikeability in a Compact Urban Neighborhood Based on Qualitative Multi-Methods
Authors: Kang HaeLi , Kim Dong Ha , Yoo Seunghyun
Published: October 2019

Cycling provides opportunities to promote healthy and sustainable cities. However, few studies examine cyclists’ perceived attributes of a bicycle-friendly environment in relation to compact urban contexts. This study explored the attributes of perceived bikeability and urban context related to the cycling experience in Seoul, Korea. Purposive sampling with public recruitment and a snowball technique was used to recruit twenty-two cyclists and three bicycle-related community service providers from a bikeable environment. Qualitative multi-methods, including semi-structured interviews and bicycle tours with a GPS device, were adopted. The main themes of perceived bikeability were derived through thematic analysis. Cyclists perceived the attributes of a bicycle-friendly physical environment as essential components of bikeability. In urban environments where cycling is not yet recognized as the main transportation mode, internal conflict among cyclists and external conflicts between cyclists and other transportation users were evident. A supportive community system included developing an appropriate environment, providing information, and expanding riding opportunities. A bicycle-friendly culture accumulated over a long period influenced the initiation and maintenance of cycling and contributed to a more bikeable community environment. Cyclists’ attitude, behaviors, and perceived environment differed according to purpose. Policy, system, and environmental changes are required to promote cycling in compact urban contexts.
The Limits of Cognitive Reappraisal: Changing Pain Valence, but not Persistence, during a Resistance Exercise Task
Authors: Berman Catherine J. , O’Brien Julia D. , Zenko Zachary , Ariely Dan
Published: October 2019

Physiological discomfort is commonly cited as a barrier for initiating and persisting with exercise. Although individuals may think of physiological discomfort as determined by physical sensations, it can also be influenced by cognitive and emotional factors. We explored the impacts of interpreting the purpose of pain as a sign of muscle building (helpful) vs. a sign of muscle tearing and possible injury (harmful) and tested the effect of cognitive reappraisals, or shifting interpretations of pain, on exercise persistence and the subjective experience of discomfort during exercise. Seventy-eight participants were randomized to listen to voice recordings that framed exercise-related pain as helpful vs. harmful before participating in a standard muscular endurance test using the YMCA protocol. Although the two experimental groups did not differ in the overall number of resistance training repetitions achieved, participants who were asked to think about the benefits (rather than the negative consequences) of pain reported less negative pain valence during exercise. Thus, the experience of pain was influenced by appraisals of the meaning of pain, but differences in pain valence did not impact exercise persistence. Theoretical implications and applications for affect-based exercise interventions are discussed.
Unmet Need for Family Planning among Urban and Rural Married Women in Yangon Region, Myanmar—a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wai Myint Myint , Bjertness Espen , Stigum Hein , Htay Thein Thein , Liabsuetrakul Tippawan , Moe Myint Aye Nyein , Sundby Johanne
Published: October 2019

Despite increasing contraceptive use and prevalence, many women who want to avoid or delay pregnancy are not using contraceptives. This results in unintended pregnancies, which increases the risk of unsafe abortions. This study aimed to explore the extent of the unmet need for family planning (FP) among urban and rural married women in Myanmar and their demand for and satisfaction with FP. A cross-sectional survey using adapted Demographic and Health surveys questions was conducted in south and north Yangon from September 2016 to November 2016. A total of 1100 currently married women of 18–49 years participated. The contraceptive prevalence was 67.2% in total, 63% urban, and 70% rural. About 19.4% (95% CI: 16.7%–22.4%) of the studied women had an unmet need for FP, significantly higher in urban than rural women (22.6% versus 16.6%). Rural women also showed significant lesser odds (adjusted OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.461–0.849) of unmet need than the urban counterparts. About 86% of the women had demand for contraception and 77% of them satisfied their demand. The study population revealed a fairly good contraceptive coverage; however, a considerable proportion of women had an unmet need for FP, especially the urban women. The demand for contraception is increasing, and contraceptive services need to expand coverage to marginalized groups in order to reduce the risk of unsafe abortions.