bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of the ETDQ‐7 for Identifying Persons with Eustachian Tube Dysfunction
Authors: Teixeira Miriam S. , Swarts J. Douglas , Alper Cuneyt M.
Published: September 2017

Objective

To compare the accuracy of the Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire (ETDQ‐7) in identifying people with eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction based on symptoms and an objective ET function test.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional study.

ObjSettingective

Tertiary referral center.

Subjects and Methods

Fifty‐five subjects with and without symptoms suggestive of ET dysfunction completed the ETDQ‐7 and had their ET function evaluated by the percentage of middle ear pressure equilibrated after 5 swallows (PEq5) either during a pressure chamber test (intact tympanic membranes) or by the inflation‐deflation test (nonintact tympanic membranes). ETDQ‐7 score ≥14.5 and PEq5 <60% were used to define ET dysfunction, and sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the level of association between ETDQ‐7 scores and PEq5.

Results

Twenty‐five asymptomatic subjects (group 1 = 15 females, 15 white; mean ± SD age, 32 ± 12.8 years) and 30 subjects with ET dysfunction symptoms (group 2 = 17 females, 25 white; age, 27 ± 16.3 years) were included in the analysis. ETDQ‐7 sensitivity and specificity regarding correct group assignment were 70% and 100%, respectively, and with respect to predicting PEq5<60%, 54% and 78%. An area under the curve (AUC) of 0.68 (95% CI, 0.53‐0.83) at the participant level and 0.64 (95% CI, 0.50‐0.77) at the ear level indicated a moderate level of association that was lower, though not statistically significant, for nonintact tympanic membranes (AUC = 0.63 at the participant level and AUC = 0.49 at the ear level).

Conclusion

The ETDQ‐7 score had a higher correlation with the ET dysfunction symptoms than with an objective measure of ET function.
An Algorithm to Evaluate Suspected Lung Metastases in Patients with HPV‐Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer
Authors: VanKoevering Kyle K. , Marchiano Emily , Walline Heather M. , Carey Thomas E. , McHugh Jonathan B. , Brenner J.Chad , Goudsmit Christine M. , Belille Emily , Spector Matthew E. , Shuman Andrew G. ,   the University of Michigan Head and Neck SPORE Team
Published: September 2017

Distinguishing between distantly metastatic and metachronous lung primary carcinoma is challenging for patients with a history of head and neck cancer. There are implications for registry data, prognosis and related counseling, and management options, including eligibility for precision oncology trials. Patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma who were treated under a uniform clinical protocol and achieved a complete response were identified in a single‐institution prospective head and neck cancer epidemiology database (n = 205). Fifteen patients presented with pulmonary nodule(s) after completion of therapy. We describe our algorithm for the evaluation of these patients, including histopathology, p16 immunohistochemistry, and HPV in situ hybridization.
Hybrid method in severe pulmonary embolism not suitable for systemic fibrinolysis
Authors: Hang Luk Wing , Chan Ho Fung , Pan Nin Yuan , Tse Ka Hei , Cheng Lik Fai , Ma Johnny Ka Fai
Published: September 2017

Acute massive pulmonary embolism is known to be associated with high mortality, and treatment options may be limited if systemic fibrinolysis is contraindicated. We report the exciting results of a novel mechanical-pharmacological hybrid approach in 3 patients with life-threatening massive pulmonary embolism, in whom systemic fibrinolysis was contraindicated.
Democratising diagnoses? The role of the depathologisation perspective in constructing corporeal trans citizenship
Authors: Davy Zowie , Sørlie Anniken , Schwend Amets Suess
Published: September 2017

In the scope of the current revision process of the diagnostic manuals Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Other Health Problems (ICD), an international trans depathologisation movement has emerged that demands, among other claims, the removal of a diagnostic classification of gender transition processes as a mental disorder. The call for submissions launched by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) and World Health Organization (WHO) seems to provide the opportunity for a participation of civil society in the DSM and ICD revision processes. These developments open up a number of questions for us that will be discussed in this article. We conducted a meta-narrative review to explore the trans depathologisation movement’s contribution to the DSM and ICD revision process, uncover evidence of a ‘democratised turn’ in the process and review depathologisation proposals implemented in trans healthcare practices, human rights frameworks and legal gender recognition processes. We argue that the trans depathologisation movement has had little impact on medical practices in trans healthcare. However, there is some movement in local health services towards an informed consent model for limited healthcare interventions. Within some European and South/Central American legal frameworks, the depathologisation movement’s demands to free legal gender recognition from medical interventions and examinations have, in different degrees, been incorporated into legal recommendations and enacted in some recent gender recognition laws.
‘The Cruellest of all Forms of Coercion’: The Catholic Church and Conflicts around Death and Burial in Spain during the Restoration (1874–1923)
Authors: Martorell Linares Miguel
Published: September 2017

Throughout the nineteenth century and up to the proclamation of the Second Republic in 1931 the Catholic Church played an essential role with regard to death in Spain: it had the power to decide where the dead were buried. It could refuse to bury a body in a Catholic cemetery, or prevent one from being interred in a civil cemetery. The prohibition of burials in consecrated ground frequently gave rise to serious conflicts with the relatives of the deceased, as in other countries such as France, Italy or Portugal where Catholicism had been the hegemonic religion at the beginning of the late modern period. However, in the early 1900s the Church changed its strategy. Without renouncing any of its principles, but aware that the prohibition of burials in holy ground was encouraging the growth of civil funerary rituals, it gradually set aside the denial of ecclesiastical burial. Nevertheless, in order to combat the spread of secular funerals, it still demanded that all those who had been baptized and had not formally renounced their religion should be consigned to Catholic cemeteries, even when their families wished for a burial in a civil cemetery, so that this new policy continued to provoke conflicts around the issues of death and burial.

This article analyses this type of clashes in Spain between 1874 and 1923: in particular, the Church’s criteria for denying ecclesiastical burial or claiming the dead for Catholic cemeteries; the ways families, friends, neighbours or political associates of the dead reacted; and the attitude taken by the civil authorities.
Francophilia and Political Failure: Lord Shelburne and Anglo-French Interactions, c. 1760–1789
Authors: Aston Nigel
Published: September 2017

This article draws attention to William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne’s (1737–1805) capacity for fostering a culture of mutual respect and constructive interaction in Anglo-French relations that had no contemporary equivalent, and explores his contacts with the French political world before the Revolution. For someone who was usually lambasted for sophistry and inconsistency, his career-long commitment to Anglo-French cordiality over three decades stands out, and his activities thus offer the historian a major case study in gallophilia, that neglected enlightened counterpart to its obverse: rooted antipathy to the French ‘other’. This paper argues that this apparently enlightened attitude played a significant and neglected role in explaining why an individual as gifted as Shelburne failed so conspicuously as a politician.
A study to assess whether fixed-width beam walking provides sufficient challenge to assess balance ability across lower limb prosthesis users
Authors: Sawers Andrew , Hafner Brian J
Published: September 2017

Objective:

To evaluate the feasibility of fixed-width beam walking for assessing balance in lower limb prosthesis users.

Design:

Cross-sectional.

Setting:

Laboratory.

Subjects:

Lower limb prosthesis users.

Methods:

Participants attempted 10 walking trials on three fixed-width beams (18.6, 8.60, and 4.01 wide; 5.5 m long; 3.8 cm high).

Main measures:

Beam-walking performance was quantified using the distance walked to balance failure. Heuristic rules applied to each participant’s beam-walking distance to classify each beam as “too easy,” “too hard,” or “appropriately challenging” and determine whether any single beam provided an appropriate challenge to all participants. The number of trials needed to achieve stable beam-walking performance was quantified for appropriately challenging beams by identifying the last inflection point in the slope of each participant’s trial-by-trial cumulative performance record.

Results:

In all, 30 unilateral lower limb prosthesis users participated in the study. Each of the fixed-width beams was either too easy or too hard for at least 33% of the sample. Thus, no single beam was appropriately challenging for all participants. Beam-walking performance was stable by trial 8 for all participants and by trial 6 for 90% of participants. There was no significant difference in the number of trials needed to achieve stable performance among beams ( P = 0.74).

Conclusion:

Results suggest that a clinical beam-walking test would require multiple beams to evaluate balance across a range of lower limb prosthesis users, emphasizing the need for adaptive or progressively challenging balance tests. While the administrative burden of a multiple-beam balance test may limit clinical feasibility, alternatives to ease this administrative burden are proposed.
Associations of fatty acids with cognition, psychopathology, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and related disorders treated with paliperidone extended release
Authors: Chung Young-Chul , Cui Yin , Sumiyoshi Tomiki , Kim Min-Gul , Lee Keon-Hak
Published: September 2017

This study assessed fatty acid and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and related disorders. The levels of erythrocyte fatty acids and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor were measured at baseline and week 8 after treatment with paliperidone extended release. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Cognitive Assessment Interview and the cognition subscale of the Neuroleptic-Induced Deficit Syndrome Scale. There were significant decreases in stearic acid and nervonic acid levels and a significant increase in eicosapentaenoic acid levels after eight weeks. At week 8, cognition was positively associated with dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid levels, and negatively associated with nervonic acid levels. Psychopathology was positively correlated with polyunsaturated fatty acid levels, and negatively correlated with saturated fatty acid levels at week 8. At both baseline and week 8, brain-derived neurotrophic factor level had a negative association with polyunsaturated fatty acids and a positive association with saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids. The present study demonstrated that fatty acids have significant associations with cognition and psychopathology at week 8, and with brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels at both baseline and week 8.
Methylphenidate enhances implicit learning in healthy adults
Authors: Klinge Corinna , Shuttleworth Claire , Muglia Pierandrea , Nobre Anna C , Harmer Catherine J , Murphy Susannah E
Published: September 2017

Background and purpose:

One limiting factor in the development of pharmacological interventions to enhance cognition is the absence of biomarkers that can be used in healthy volunteers to screen novel compounds. Drug discovery has tended to rely heavily on explicit measures of cognition, but these are typically insensitive to cognition-enhancing effects in healthy volunteers. This study investigated whether a novel battery of implicit cognition measures is sensitive to the effects of methylphenidate (Ritalin) in healthy volunteers.

Experimental approach:

Eighty healthy volunteers were randomised to receive either a single (10 mg) dose of methylphenidate or matched placebo. Participants completed a battery of tasks measuring implicit cognition (location priming, contextual cueing, implicit task switching). The effect of methylphenidate on standard, explicit measures of cognition was also assessed.

Key results:

Methylphenidate enhanced implicit learning on the location priming task and the implicit task-switching task. In line with previous work, we found that these effects were greater in male volunteers. There was no evidence for improved learning in any of the explicit measures.

Conclusion and implications:

These results demonstrate that implicit measures of cognition are sensitive to pharmacological interventions in healthy volunteers. As such, implicit cognition measures may be a useful way of screening and tracking cognitive effects of novel agents in experimental medicine studies.
Peripherally inserted central catheters: dependency of radiation exposure from puncture site and level of training
Authors: Jonczyk Martin , Gebauer Bernhard , Schnapauff Dirk , Rotzinger Roman , Hamm Bernd , Collettini Federico
Published: September 2017

Background

Several interventional procedures show a dependency on fluoroscopy times (FT) and level of training. Furthermore, FT and dose area products (DAP) vary depending on access site and target vessel for chest port implantations, but not for other thoracic interventions such as percutaneous coronary interventions.

Purpose

To evaluate the influence of the combination of venous access site and level of training on FTs and DAPs during peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) implantations in a large cohort of patients.

Material and Methods

In this retrospective study, PICC implantations of 681 consecutive patients (385 women, 296 men; mean age = 55.0 ± 16.7 years) were analyzed. Two groups of junior (< 50 interventions) and senior (≥ 50 implantations) radiologists were investigated in respect to FT and DAP during PICC placement procedures. Statistical analysis included the Mann–Whitney U test and the Kruskal–Wallis test. P values < 0.05 were considered significant.

Results

Senior radiologists required significantly less FT (senior = 0.43 s, junior = 0.53 s, P = 0.041), but there was no significant difference in DAPs (senior = 56.3 µGy*m2, junior = 60.6 µGy*m2, P = 0.151). PICC implantations through the left side resulted in a significant reduction of the median FT by 60.9% (left = 0.45 s, right = 1.15 s, P = 0.010).

Conclusion

Due to considerable dose reduction, the left-sided puncture, especially via the basilic and brachial veins, performed by well-trained interventional radiologists seem to be the preferable approach for PICCs.
Reconstructing the pattern of the Bara Shigri Glacier fluctuation since the end of the Little Ice Age, Chandra valley, north-western Himalaya
Authors: Chand Pritam , Sharma Milap Chand , Bhambri Rakesh , Sangewar Chandrashekhar V , Juyal Navin
Published: September 2017

The pattern of glacial records since the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA) are essential for evaluating glacier fluctuations and their link to post-LIA climate change. Although recession of the Himalayan glaciers is well-documented in this period, debate continues as to the magnitude and accuracy of estimated recession rates. This study presents a reconstruction of the pattern of fluctuations at the Bara Shigri Glacier in the Himachal Himalaya during the termination of the LIA (∼1850). A multi-data integrative analysis (MDIA) technique consisting of repeat terrestrial photographs, historical archives and reports, geomorphological evidence and maps, and high to medium spatial resolution satellite images (Corona, Hexagon, Landsat and WorldView-2) was used with supplemented by extensive field validation. The results indicate that during the early part of the 19th century the terminus of Bara Shigri Glacier was at ∼3900 m asl. Following this, there was a continuous recession with a total retreat of 2898 ± 50 m, which corresponds to a frontal areal loss of 4 ± 1 km2 in the last 151 years (1863–2014). Compared to this, during the last half century (1965–2014), the glacierised area was reduced by 1.1 ± 0.02 km2 with a concomitant terminus retreat of 1100 ± 32 m. The early 19th century advance is ascribed to a combination of cooling during this period, glacier topographical characteristics and contributions from steep-fronted avalanching tributaries. The late 19th century recession can be attributed to an overall increase in the temperature with a corresponding decrease in precipitation in the north-western Himalaya. Results are at variance with earlier, larger estimates of the frontal area loss for the Bara Shigri Glacier using either Survey of India (SoI) topographic maps or coarse spatial resolution satellite images (e.g. Landsat MSS) as historical datasets, and demonstrate the utility of mixed method approaches including higher-resolution satellite imagery for accurate estimation of glacier behaviour in this region.
Segond Fractures Are Not a Risk Factor for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Failure
Authors: Gaunder Christopher L. , Bastrom Tracey , Pennock Andrew T.
Published: September 2017

Background:

Segond fractures may be identified when an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear is diagnosed and likely represent an avulsion of the anterolateral ligament. It is currently unclear whether these fractures can be ignored at the time of ACL reconstruction or if they should be addressed surgically.

Purpose:

To compare the incidence of Segond fractures in patients undergoing primary ACL reconstruction compared with those undergoing revision ACL reconstruction in an attempt to determine if the presence of a Segond fracture predisposes to ACL reconstruction failure.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A retrospective review of all patients undergoing primary or revision ACL reconstruction between 2007 and 2014 was performed. Demographic data (age, sex, body mass index), injury variables (acuity, mechanism of injury), and radiographic features (concomitant ligamentous injuries, growth plate status) were documented. Each Segond fracture was analyzed for its specific location, size, displacement, and healing using both radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging. Statistical analysis was performed using a P value of <.05.

Results:

A total of 552 patients underwent primary ACL reconstruction, and 47 patients underwent revision ACL reconstruction who met inclusion criteria. The incidence of Segond fractures was 6% in the primary reconstruction group. The fracture fragment averaged 6.6 mm in height and 2.3 mm in width and was displaced a mean of 5.0 mm. The fracture fragment bed was localized at the tibial attachment site of the anterolateral ligament a mean 20.6 mm posterior to the Gerdy tubercle in nearly all patients. After ACL reconstruction, the Segond fracture healed in 90% of patients. The incidence of Segond fractures was 3 times as common in male patients ( P = .02); otherwise, its presence was not associated with any other demographic data, injury variables, or radiographic features ( P > .05). No patients undergoing revision surgery had a Segond fracture, and no patient with a Segond fracture had graft failure.

Conclusion:

Patients with a Segond fracture are at no higher risk to require revision ACL reconstruction compared with patients without a Segond fracture. This may be attributable to its high union rate. At the time of primary ACL reconstruction, if a Segond fracture is identified, it can be ignored (not repaired or reconstructed), and this approach does not appear to predispose to early ACL graft failure.
Structural Evolution of Nonoperatively Treated High-Grade Partial-Thickness Tears of the Supraspinatus Tendon
Authors: Kong Bong Young , Cho Minjoon , Lee Hwa Ryeong , Choi Young Eun , Kim Sae Hoon
Published: September 2017

Background:

High-grade partial-thickness rotator cuff tears (hPTRCTs) are frequently encountered in the shoulder. However, little information is available on the prevalence or timing of tear progression.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose was to prospectively evaluate the structural progression of hPTRCTs with a minimum follow-up of 1 year using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The hypothesis was that a substantial portion of hPTRCT patients would experience tear progression or evolution to a full-thickness rotator cuff tear.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Between May 2010 and December 2015, 362 patients were diagnosed with hPTRCT (tear involvement >50% of the mediolateral length of the footprint) of the supraspinatus and were treated nonoperatively. Among these patients, 81 underwent follow-up MRI at least 1 year after initial presentation, and these patients were included in the final analysis. Initial and follow-up MRIs were used to determine whether tears had improved, had not changed, or had progressed. A change in tear involvement of >20% was defined as a significant change. Patients were categorized as follows: (1) a decrease in tear involvement of >20% (improved), (2) an increase or decrease of ≤20% (no change), or (3) an increase in tear involvement of >20% (progressed). Demographic data and morphologic data were analyzed to identify variables related to tear progression. Among them, severity of tendinosis was graded using MRIs: grade 1 (mild tendinosis), mild focal increase in tendon signal; grade 2 (moderate tendinosis), moderate focal increase in tendon signal; and grade 3 (marked tendinosis), marked generalized increase in tendon signal.

Results:

At initial diagnosis, 23 were articular-side (28%) and 58 were bursal-side (72%) hPTRCTs. The study cohort was composed of 51 women and 30 men, and the mean patient age was 62.3 years (range, 41-77 years). Follow-up MRI was performed at a mean 19.9 ± 10.9 months (range, 12-52 months). A significant change in tear involvement was observed at follow-up. In 13 patients (16%, 2 articular-side and 11 bursal-side tears), tears were classified as progressed (the progressed group); in 48 patients (59%), tears exhibited no change (the unchanged group); and in 20 patients (25%, 9 articular-side and 11 bursal-side tears), tears were improved (the improved group). Univariate analysis showed initial tendinosis grade was significantly different in the 3 groups (grade 1, 2, and 3: 5, 4, and 4 in progressed; 36, 11, and 1 in unchanged; 10, 8, and 2 in improved group, respectively, P = .007).

Conclusion:

Although progression of hPTRCT in the long term is uncertain, after 1-year follow-up with MRI, tears progressed in 16% of the tears in this study. Furthermore, some tears were healed or reduced in size, which indicates that decisions to undertake surgical repair at time of presentation may be excessive.
Comparative Study of a New Dietary Screener to Assess Food Groups of Concern in Children
Authors: Bleiweiss-Sande Rachel , Kranz Sarah , Bakun Peter , Tanskey Lindsay , Wright Catherine , Sacheck Jennifer
Published: September 2017

Background:

Although there are several valid and reliable dietary screeners to measure child intake patterns, there is a paucity of brief assessment tools targeting under- and overconsumed foods.

Objective:

To compare the Fueling Learning through Exercise study (FLEX) dietary questionnaire, a screener designed to assess consumption patterns in third to fifth graders, to a validated dietary assessment tool.

Methods:

The FLEX dietary questionnaire was developed to assess fruit, vegetable, snack, and beverage consumption and was compared to the Block Kids Food Screener (BKFS). Correlations were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient. Agreement was assessed using Bland-Altman plots.

Results:

The sample (n = 63) had mean age of 9.9 years (SD 0.7). Most participants were non-Hispanic white (70%) and eligible for free/reduced price lunch (57%). Correlations between food group categories were significant for all groups ( P < .05) except fruits ( r = 0.51) and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) ( r = 0.21). We found moderate-to-strong correlations between reported vegetable, salty snack, sweet snack, total beverage, milk, and fruit juice consumption (0.62, 0.59, 0.69, 0.47, 0.48, and 0.46, respectively). The FLEX screener reported systematically higher mean servings per day (0.24-1.1) compared to the BKFS (0.05-0.51).

Conclusion:

Based on these correlations, the FLEX dietary questionnaire performs similarly to a validated tool in assessing intake of under- and overconsumed food groups in a diverse third to fifth grade population. Overall serving size discrepancies are likely due to more relevant food items on the FLEX questionnaire and a more child-friendly format. This study highlights the need to update older diet screeners to reflect current child consumption patterns.
Confirmatory Factor Analytic Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents in a Longitudinal Sample of Adolescents
Authors: Ng Zi Jia , Huebner E. Scott , Maydeu-Olivares Alberto , Hills Kimberly J.
Published: September 2017

While adolescence is a critical stage of development marked by heightened bottom-up emotional reactivity and immature top-down regulatory control, research on emotion regulation has relatively neglected middle childhood to adolescence years. This may be attributed to the limited number and scope of age-appropriate, reliable, and valid measures of emotion regulation. This study examines the confirmatory factor analytic structure and measurement invariance of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA), a 10-item self-report measure designed to measure habitual use of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, across a 1-year time interval in school samples of adolescents. Results indicate low test–retest reliability but high to acceptable internal consistency over a 1-year time period. The two-factor model has an approximate but close fit to the data collected, which is consistent with underlying theoretical framework and prior empirical findings. Tests of measurement equivalence support strong invariance, indicating that there were no statistically significant differences in factor means, variances, and correlations over a 1-year interval.
Writing About the Body and the Body of Writing: The Girl’s Body in Israeli Teenage Girls’ Blogs
Authors: Segev Einav , Hochman Yael
Published: September 2017

This qualitative study focuses on blogs written by Israeli girls, aged 14 to 18, concerning their body and the developmental process of identity construction. Using a sociocultural approach, the study examined the ways in which the girls write about their bodies, what issues they raise in their blogs concerning their body and identity, and what blog writing about the body offers to them in the process of identity construction. A combination of thematic-categorical analysis and structural-linguistic analysis was used to analyze 27 blogs (86 posts) written by Israeli girls. The findings reveal a complex picture about the ways in which girls experience their bodies and perceive societal norms concerning their appearance. The blogs included the girls’ feelings of insecurity, stress, and confusion about their body and at the same time served as a place where girls were able to voice resistance to the current ideal of beauty and of social conventions. Findings also reveal the ways in which the girls presented their body to their girl peers. The study concludes that writing blogs is an important channel for Israeli girls to engage in discourse about the body as part of the process of identity formation.
Designing Skin Cancer Prevention Messages: Should We Emphasize Gains or Losses? Message Framing, Risk Type, and Prior Experience
Authors: Lee Moon J. , Kang Hannah
Published: September 2017

Purpose:

To test whether message framing (ie, gain vs. loss) and risk type (ie, health vs appearance risk) in skin cancer prevention messages interact with one’s prior experience. Design: Two experiments with a 2 (message framing: gain vs loss) × 2 (risk type: health vs appearance risk) factorial design were conducted.

Setting:

The participants were given a URL to the experiment website via e-mail. On the first page of the website, the participants were told that they would be asked to evaluate a skin cancer print public service announcement (PSA): Online experiments.

Participants:

A total of 397 individuals participated (236 for experiment 1 and 161 for experiment 2).

Apparatus:

Four versions of the skin cancer print PSAs were developed. Four PSAs were identical except for the 2 manipulated components: message framing and risk type.

Measures:

Measures were adopted from Cho and Boster (message framing), Jones and Leary and Kiene et al. (risk type), De Vries, Mesters, van’t Riet, Willems, and Reubsaet and Knight, Kirincich, Farmer, and Hood (prior experience), and Hammond, Fong, Zanna, Thrasher, and Borland and Hoffner and Ye (behavioral intent).

Analysis:

General linear models were used to test hypotheses.

Results:

Three-way interactions among message framing, risk type, and prior experience were found: When the intent of the message was to encourage sunscreen use, the effects of message framing and risk type were shown to be the exact opposite directions from when the intent was to discourage indoor/outdoor tanning.

Conclusion:

To discourage tanning among those with prior experience, messages emphasizing losses in terms of one’s health will work better. For those with no prior experience, messages emphasizing potential appearance losses will work better for discouraging tanning while messages emphasizing gains like improving appearance will do a better job in encouraging sunscreen use.
Women’s Discourses of Leadership in STEM Organizations in Singapore: Negotiating Sociocultural and Organizational Norms
Authors: Dutta Debalina
Published: September 2017

The study explores how women in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) careers in Singapore discursively construct leadership. Drawing from 42 in-depth interviews with women in STEM careers, the study examines women’s discourses of leadership, articulating patriarchal sociocultural and organizational norms that serve as barriers to women’s access to leadership positions in STEM. The analysis elucidates the negotiations of work–home pressures shaped by patriarchal gender roles, culturally constituted organizational perceptions of women and their leadership potential, and gendered discourses of leadership as the key themes reflecting the experiences with and understandings of leadership among women in STEM. Particularly salient are the double binds that women experience, reflecting, for instance, Asian cultural norms about gendered performance that foreground women’s roles in face saving and discourses of leadership that call for aggressiveness. Moreover, women experience gendered stereotypes about their content-based competence in STEM areas, further impeding the opportunities available for them to lead in STEM careers.
Capturing Serendipity in Careers: An Evaluation of the Planned Happenstance Career Inventory With Lithuanian Undergraduates
Authors: Urbanaviciute Ieva , Kairys Antanas , Paradnikė Kristina , Pociute Birute
Published: September 2017

In the contemporary world, career counseling professionals need to focus on skills that help people bring benefit from positive chances and minimize the damage of negative events. The Planned Happenstance Career Inventory (PHCI) was created to measure these skills. The main aim of the present study was to test the dimensionality and concurrent validity of the PHCI scores in a Lithuanian student sample. A heterogeneous sample of undergraduates participated in the study ( N = 1,064). Confirmatory factor analyses revealed four interrelated planned happenstance skill factors. A fifth––the flexibility factor––was found to function in a separate manner. To further test for concurrent validity, the PHCI scores were correlated with a range of positive career development variables, namely, goal adjustment, academic major satisfaction, and vocational identity. The results supported the hypothesized links, thereby providing evidence on the validity of PHCI scores among Lithuanian students.
Peripherally Acting μ-Opioid Receptor Antagonists for the Treatment of Opioid-Related Side Effects: Mechanism of Action and Clinical Implications
Authors: Streicher John M. , Bilsky Edward J.
Published: September 2017

Opioid receptors are distributed throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and on many nonneuronal cells. Therefore, opioid administration induces effects beyond analgesia. In the enteric nervous system (ENS), stimulation of µ-opioid receptors triggers several inhibitory responses that can culminate in opioid-induced bowel dysfunction (OBD) and its most common side effect, opioid-induced constipation (OIC). OIC negatively affects patients’ quality of life (QOL), ability to work, and pain management. Although laxatives are a common first-line OIC therapy, most have limited efficacy and do not directly antagonize opioid effects on the ENS. Peripherally acting µ-opioid receptor antagonists (PAMORAs) with limited ability to cross the blood-brain barrier have been developed. The PAMORAs approved by the U S Food and Drug Administration for OIC are subcutaneous and oral methylnaltrexone, oral naloxegol, and oral naldemedine. Although questions of cost-effectiveness and relative efficacy versus laxatives remain, PAMORAs can mitigate OIC and improve patient QOL. PAMORAS may also have applications beyond OIC, including reducing the increased cardiac risk or potential tumorigenic effects of opioids. This review discusses the burden of OIC and OBD, reviews the mechanism of action of new OIC therapies, and highlights other potential opioid-related side effects mediated by peripheral opioid receptors in the context of new OIC therapies.
Social media data used in the measurement of public services effectiveness: Empirical evidence from Twitter in higher education institutions
Authors: Agostino Deborah , Arnaboldi Michela
Published: September 2017

Measuring public service effectiveness has become a central issue for public authorities worldwide, often driven by governmental pressures to ensure value for money. In this context, social media data represent a potential powerful tool in the hands of public authorities to support the evaluation of public service performance. By relying on an action research project in the higher education field, this study explores how social media data can contribute to measure service effectiveness by focusing specifically on Twitter in the higher education field. The final aim of the paper is to develop a set of measures, derived from Twitter data, to quantify the effectiveness of higher education services. This investigation supports a broader discussion about the extent to which social media data can contribute to performance measurement in the public sector.
Novel CH3NH3PbI3/polyimide composites with enhanced film-forming and electrical conductive properties
Authors: Li Qing , Li Jing , Zhang Shulai , Yi Changfeng , Xu Zushun
Published: September 2017

A series of CH3NH3PbI3/polyimide (PI) composite films were successfully fabricated using simple solution mixing. CH3NH3PbI3 particles were evenly dispersed into PI substrate, which could be seen from scanning electron microscopy images. Tensile test showed that the tensile strength of CH3NH3PbI3/PI composite film (5 wt%) was improved to the maximum (102.2 MPa), 127% higher than pure PI; and the elongation at break was remarkably stretched to 13% for CH3NH3PbI3/PI composite film (3 wt%), 171% greater than pure PI. Moreover, the thermal performance was enhanced to the optimum with the addition of 5 wt% CH3NH3PbI3. Ultraviolet–visible absorption curves revealed that the colors of CH3NH3PbI3/PI composite films were darkened and the red shift increased with the increasing content of CH3NH3PbI3. Furthermore, the CH3NH3PbI3/PI composite films exhibited increased dielectric constant with the maximum value of 13.8, compared with pure PI (3.6). These composite films may be promising to be used as dielectric materials in electronic industry.
A hybrid fabrication approach and profile error compensation for silicon aspheric optics
Authors: Sharma Rohit , Mishra Vinod , Khatri Neha , Garg Harry , Karar Vinod
Published: September 2017

Aspheric optics is widely used for many optical applications due to their advantages, that is, light weight, cost-effectiveness and efficiency. There are many fabrication challenges which affect the quality of aspheric optics used for infrared-based applications. Diamond turning is one of the most suitable techniques for fabrication of infrared aspheric lens with high profile accuracies, due to its deterministic approach. However, for optics with large sag value, multiple machining cycles are required to make the best fit surface. Repeated machining cycles result in generation of inherent stresses leading to subsurface deformation and poor quality. In this study, hybrid approach of grinding and machining is proposed for fabrication of silicon infrared optics in large volume. The proposed approach results in reduced fabrication time and subsurface deformation with improved surface quality and tool life. The profile accuracy after compensation of profile error ( Pt) is 0.21 µm and surface roughness ( Ra) 10.5 nm is achieved.
Fault detection for turbine engine disk using adaptive Gaussian mixture model
Authors: Chen Jiusheng , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhang Na , Guo Kai
Published: September 2017

Rotating turbine engine disk is one of the most critical components of the aircraft engine. Therefore, fault detection for rotating turbine engine disk is particularly significant. An adaptive Gaussian mixture model is put forward to deal with the dynamic working process of rotating turbine engine disk. Different from the standard expectation–maximization algorithm, the criterion based on minimum within-cluster distance and maximum between-cluster distance is used to update the weight of each Gaussian component. The incoming samples obtained by a forgetting mechanism are adopted to modify the fault detection model by exponentially weighted algorithm, which improves the ability of fault detection model to accommodate the actual situation of turbine engine disk. The comparison results between the multiple principal component analysis, the classical Gaussian mixture model, and the proposed algorithm show that the proposed approach has much superiority on the fault detection of turbine engine disk.
A Methodology for Searching and Allocating Enterprises in the Supply Chain by Using the Business Information Database and Trademark Rights Database
Authors: Lim Daehyeon , Moon Youngsu , Kim Kanghoe , Lee Hoshin
Published: September 2017

As a number of support programmes for competence improvement are provided to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Korea, it is recommended that these enterprises collaborate with each other. However, without information about other enterprises in the industry that they belong to or are planning to enter, many SMEs f ind it diff icult to look for partners that they can collaborate with.

This article focuses on extracting a list of enterprises in a supply chain of a specif ic industry through a business information database and a Korean trademark rights database. Also, it focuses on suggesting a methodology that would show a list of actual deals made between enterprises found through a business deal database.

Through these, it becomes possible for SMEs to have knowledge about other enterprises and their previous deals in a supply chain or a system of a specif ic industry. SMEs will thus be able to build a suitable business plan based on such information.

Moreover, this article will be helpful for policymakers as it will help them understand the system and characteristics of the industry and come up with a suitable programme for the industry that can support SMEs.
Measuring Customer Response to Word-of-mouth Messages on Social Media: Development of a Multi-item Scale
Authors: Sharma Ruppal Walia , Srivastava Deepti
Published: September 2017

Word of mouth (WoM) is increasingly becoming a key element of marketing communication and is being leveraged on social media for increasing customer engagement. Literature on WoM on social media (E-WoM) is still relatively scarce. From the existing body of work on WoM, a number of causes and drivers of WoM emerge but there is not much work done in studying the customer’s responses to E-WoM (or E-WoM outcomes) and a comprehensive scale covering all dimensions has not been developed. This article attempts to identify potential outcomes of E-WoM on social media and develop a multi-item scale for measuring the same.

A list of 37 items of customer’s responses to E-WoM was generated based on the literature review and exploratory study. These items were tested through a survey administered to youth across four metro cities of India. EFA and CFA were conducted to identify the relevant dimensions. The research resulted in the development of a comprehensive 30-item scale measuring 7 dimensions of E-WoM outcomes on social media. The seven E-WoM outcomes measured by the scale are awareness and interest creation, information search online, online buzz generation, offline buzz generation, lead generation, liking and trial, and purchase intention.
Making Green Stuff? Effects of Corporate Greenwashing on Consumers
Authors: De Jong Menno D. T. , Harkink Karen M. , Barth Susanne
Published: September 2017

The marketing success of green products has spawned the phenomenon of greenwashing, but studies on the effects of greenwashing on consumers are still limited. Using a 4 × 2 randomized experimental design, this study examines such effects by determining whether consumers respond differently to greenwashing, silent brown, vocal green, and silent green organizations selling hedonic products (perfume) or utilitarian products (detergent). The results show that consumers recognized the green claims in the greenwashing condition, which led to an environmental performance impression in between green and brown organizations but also to more negative judgments about the integrity of communication. Regarding purchase interest, greenwashing organizations performed similarly as silent brown organizations, with significantly lower scores than those of vocal green and silent green organizations. No significant effects of product type and no interaction effects were found. Overall, greenwashing has only limited benefits (perceived environmental performance), poses a major threat (perceived integrity), and has no true competitive advantage (purchase interest).
Psychosocial Correlates of Jordanian Adolescents’ Help-Seeking Intentions for Depression: Findings From a Nationally Representative School Survey
Authors: Dardas Latefa Ali , Silva Susan G. , van de Water Brittney , Vance Ashlee , Smoski Moria J. , Noonan Devon , Simmons Leigh Ann
Published: September 2017

Little is known about help-seeking for depression among Jordanian adolescents who are a vulnerable population with high rates of depressive symptoms and few mental health services. The purpose of this study was to (1) explore Jordanian adolescents’ helpseeking intentions for depression and (2) examine whether depression stigma, depression severity, or their interaction are associated with Jordanian adolescents’ willingness to seek help for depression and the type of treatment they would seek. In collaboration with the Jordanian Ministry of Education, we conducted a nationally representative, school-based survey of adolescents aged 12–17 years ( N = 2,349). One fourth of the adolescents reported they would not seek professional help for depression, and those respondents had higher average depression scores. Among those adolescents willing to seek help, the most likely sources included family member (57%), school counselor (46%), psychiatrist (43%), religious leader (39%), and general health practitioner (28%). Lower stigma scores were associated with greater likelihood to seek psychotherapy or visit a psychiatrist, while higher stigma scores were associated with increased likelihood to seek help from a school counselor or a family member. Jordanian adolescents experience significant barriers to seeking professional help for depression. However, even among adolescents with greater depression severity and depression stigma, school counselors were identified as a key resource for help. These findings suggest that school-based interventions may fill a critical service need for adolescents with depression and other mental health problems. School nurses should be leveraged along with counselors to address mental health issues in this vulnerable population.
Pilot study: duodenal MDR1 and COX2 gene expression in cats with inflammatory bowel disease and low-grade alimentary lymphoma
Authors: Castro-López Jorge , Teles Mariana , Fierro Camino , Allenspach Karin , Planellas Marta , Pastor Josep
Published: September 2017

Objectives

Multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) encodes a protein called P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which serves as an efflux pump membrane protein implicated in intestinal homeostasis and drug resistance. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of proinflammatory prostaglandins, tumourigenesis and in mucosal defence. Despite the importance of MDR1 and COX2, changes in their mRNA levels have not been studied in cats with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and low-grade alimentary lymphoma (LGAL). The present study aimed to determine the mRNA levels of MDR1 and COX2 in cats with IBD and LGAL, and to evaluate their correlation with clinical signs, histological severity and between genes.

Methods

Cats diagnosed with IBD (n = 20) and LGAL (n = 9) between 2008 and 2015 were included in the current study. Three healthy animals composed the healthy control cats group in which endoscopy was performed immediately before the ovariohysterectomy. All duodenal biopsy samples were obtained by endoscopy. Feline chronic enteropathy activity index was calculated for all cases. IBD histopathology was classified according to severity. MDR1 and COX2 mRNA levels were determined by absolute reverse transcriptase-quantitative real-time PCR.

Results

Statistically significant differences were observed for MDR1 and COX2 mRNA levels between the IBD and LGAL groups. No correlations were observed between molecular gene expression, feline chronic enteropathy activity index and histological grading for IBD, and between MDR1 and COX2 genes. However, a positive statistically significant correlation was observed between MDR1 and COX2 expression in the duodenum of cats.

Conclusions and relevance

MDR1 and COX2 gene expression is increased in cats with LGAL compared with cats with IBD. The control group tended to have lower values than both diseased groups. These results suggest that these genes may be involved in the pathogenesis of IBD or LGAL in cats.