bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seismic-structural and energy multi-criteria optimization of a multi-story light-frame timber building
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Ingeniería, Wenzel Schwarzenberg Alexander
Published: September 2023

El sector de edificación representa el 22% del consumo de energía a nivel mundial. El uso de la madera como material de edificación presenta beneficios en la eficiencia energética, energía proveniente de la producción de materiales y costos de construcción. Los edificios de madera presentan un alto riesgo a sobrecalentarse por la baja masa térmica de sus elementos constructivos, lo que puede generar disconfort o problemas de salud. Dentro de las soluciones para mitigar el riesgo de sobrecalentamiento en edificios de madera surge como alternativa el aumento de la masa térmica en los elementos constructivos, lo que genera una reducción en el consumo energético pero mayores fuerzas estructurales y aumento de costos en el uso de ensambles de mayor capacidad y dimensión. La literatura muestra metodologías de integración del comportamiento estructural energético y sísmico/estructural pero no se analiza el efecto del tipo de clima y zona sísmica en el diseño óptimo de un edificio ligero de marco plataforma de madera, en el cual es típico que presente una baja masa térmica y problemas relacionados a los desplazamientos entre pisos. Se presenta como hipótesis que para un edificio ligero de marco plataforma de madera, el número de pisos, conector lateral, tipo de clima, zona sísmica y masa térmica tiene un gran impacto en la selección de la solución óptima en el ámbito energético y sísmico/estructural. Los resultados muestran que la integración de ambos comportamientos produce diferentes soluciones óptimas dependiendo del número de pisos, conector lateral, tipo de clima, zona sísmica y masa térmica. Las zonas sísmicas que comprenden mayores aceleraciones limitan aún más el aumento de peso en el edificio, priorizando algunas variables sobre otras con el objetivo de minimizar las cargas de calefacción y enfriamiento. Como futuro trabajo debería incluir la implementación de un algoritmo de optimización multiobjetivo, independizar el objetivo estructural, considerar objetivos asociados a análisis ciclo de vida e incorporar sistemas de climatización.
Relationship between outside view quality and visual comfort in office spaces with roller shades
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Ingeniería, Fuentes Sánchez María Fernanda
Published: September 2023

El sostenido crecimiento de la urbanización ha generado un aumento en la construcción de grandes edificios, no solo residenciales, sino también comerciales y de oficina, por lo que el tiempo que las personas pasan dentro de ellos está lejos de ser despreciable. De hecho, solo en edificios comerciales y de oficina, un trabajador pasa en promedio 7 horas de su día laboral. Dado este escenario, es necesario proveer un ambiente interior confortable, en donde el confort visual juega un rol fundamental. Existen varios factores que influyen en el confort visual, pero hay uno en particular que se observa en menor medida en estándares y guías de diseño: la calidad de la vista al exterior. Teóricamente se ha probado que una buena vista al exterior estimula positivamente el confort visual de los ocupantes de un recinto, incluso pudiendo aumentar la productividad y bienestar de sus trabajadores. Sin embargo, no se observan criterios estandarizados que permitan evaluar espacios de oficina con respecto a la vista al exterior con la que son diseñados. En consecuencia, el objetivo de esta tesis es establecer un criterio que identifique variables que permitan evaluar la calidad de la vista al exterior, y evaluar cuantitativamente el efecto que esta puede tener en el confort visual. Por medio de una extensa revisión de literatura se establece un criterio en base a 3 variables: interés, claridad y acceso de la vista al exterior. Posteriormente, se compara la calidad de la vista al exterior, medida en 5 rollers por medio del índice revisado de claridad de la vista (Flamant et al., 2022a), con el confort visual medido a través de DGP e iluminancia, en conjunto con encuestas de percepción del nivel de iluminación y deslumbramiento. Se concluye que la satisfacción con el ambiente lumínico percibido por los ocupantes está positiva y significativamente correlacionada con la claridad de la vista al exterior. Por lo tanto, los resultados de este estudio contribuyen a la disponibilidad de una evaluación más completa de la calidad de la vista al exterior, que podría utilizarse en futuros estándares y guías de diseño, además de ofrecer un respaldo empírico del efecto de la calidad de la vista al exterior en el confort visual.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Preprocedural Rinse and Ultrasonic Coolant using Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Povidoneiodine in Reducing Aerosol Contamination: A Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Prathipaty Rini J , Kancharla Anil Kumar , Naidu N Sowparnica , Tasneem Mohammad Sheema , Adeni Tabassum , Nandigam Anwesh Reddy , Gummaluri Shiva Shankar , Doppalapudi Hemalatha
Published: September 2023

Introduction: The production of airborne particles with embedded microorganisms poses a high risk to dental professionals. Antimicrobials, when used in various forms such as pre-procedural rinse or ultrasonic coolant agents, could reduce the aerosol load. Aim: To compare the effectiveness of ultrasonic coolant, preprocedural rinse using 0.2% Chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate, and 2% Povidone-iodine (PVI) in reducing aerosol contamination. Materials and Methods: A prospective single-centre, triple-blind, randomised clinical trial was conducted in the Department of Periodontology at Sree Sai Dental College and Research Institute, Srikakulam, India. The study duration was four months, from November 2021 to February 2022. A total of 75 patients diagnosed with gingivitis, aged 20 to 30 years, systemically healthy, with probing depths of <3 mm were included and randomly assigned to one of two groups: pre-procedural rinse or ultrasonic cooling agent. They were then divided into five subgroups: Subgroup I - CHX pre-procedural rinse, Subgroup II - PVI pre-procedural rinse, Subgroup III - ultrasonic cooling agent CHX, Subgroup IV - ultrasonic cooling agent PVI, and Subgroup V - control (distilled water). Agar plates were placed at three different locations, followed by a 20-minute ultrasonic scaling procedure. The agar plates were then incubated at 37°C for 48 hours, and the Colony Forming Units (CFU) were counted using a digital colony counter. Multiple measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed for group-wise comparisons, and Tukey’s post-hoc test was performed for intergroup comparison of CFU. Results: All the groups reported statistically significant differences. The control group had higher CFU (616.85, 871.77, 342.23 for the operator, patient, and back of the patient’s head, respectively) compared to the rinse and coolant groups. However, the CHX coolant group showed lower CFU (186.31±41.508 at the operator’s chest area, 415.38±59.219 at the patient’s chest area, 71.69±10.323 at the back of the patient’s head) compared to the other subgroups. The patient’s chest area had higher CFUs (415.38±59.219 for CHX coolant, 545.85±38.105 for PVI coolant group, 580.38±48.290 for CHX rinse group, 752.46±41.667 for PVI rinse group, 871.77±98.826 for the control group) compared to the blood agar plates placed at other locations. Conclusion: The results of the study clearly indicate that CHX coolant can be considered a promising alternative in reducing aerosol contamination produced during ultrasonic scaling procedures.
Development of Procedures in Designing Blended Learning Integrated Soft Skills in Higher Education
Authors: Ismiyati Nur , Mulbar Usman , Rusli
Published: September 2023

Blended learning is a teaching approach that combines face-to-face and online learning, requiring instructors to design instruction that considers the combination and timing of both types of learning. The integration of these approaches aims to achieve learning goals. Thus, there is a need for a guide to assist instructors in designing valid, practical, and effective blended learning experiences. This study follows an Educational Design Research (EDR) methodology, which includes preliminary research, a prototyping phase, and an assessment phase, following the Plomp model. The research instruments used in this study include validation sheets, implementation assessment sheets completed by subjects, and participant response questionnaires. The data were analyzed using techniques to assess validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The analysis results indicate that all instruments fall within the valid category. The evaluation of practicality based on participant response questionnaires yielded an overall score of 80%, indicating practicality. The evaluation of effectiveness for the assessment of the design created by the subjects showed excellent results. Participant responses were positive, and the data on the impact of the design structure on new knowledge and skills indicated that participants effectively applied the acquired knowledge and skills. Therefore, the soft skills-oriented blended learning design in higher education has met the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness.
Myocarditis Induced by Immunotherapy: A Rare but Fatal Complication
Authors: Mulendele P. M. , Njie M. , Charfo M. B. , Lukifimpa G. M. , Boutar M. S. , Ovaga B. E. , Haboub M. , Arous S. , Benouna M. G. , Drighil A. , Azzouzi L. , Habbal R.
Published: September 2023

The emergence of immunotherapy and the gradual expansion of its indications in oncology will require particular vigilance to detect and quickly take care of the potential cardiac toxicities. They have improved prognosis and survival, including patients with kidney, lung or skin cancers (melanoma) and certain lymphomas. The incidence of unwanted cardiac events under immunotherapy is rare, undoubtedly less than 1 % under Ipilimab, Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab. Cardiac toxicity can be induced by many drugs but this time we focused on myocarditis induced by immuno-modulators, which is a rare but very fatal complication and has 2 main parts: an illustration of a clinical case and a review of the literature comprising generality, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic strategy and therapeutic management based on the guidelines of the European Society of cardiology on cardio-oncology recently published in 2022. Corticosteroids are drugs effective in the treatment of cardiac toxicity induced by immunotherapy.
Strategies and Technologies in Weed Management: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Moond Vishnu , Panotra Narinder , P. Ashoka , Saikanth D. R. K. , Singh Gurinder , Prabhavathi N. , Verma Badal
Published: September 2023

The global burden of weed infestations presents profound challenges for agricultural productivity, economic profitability, and environmental sustainability. This comprehensive review encapsulates a broad spectrum of weed management strategies, examining traditional practices and probing into the frontier of emerging technologies. The review begins by elucidating the historical context and significance of weed management, substantiated by a diverse range of scholarly works. We explore the complex nature of weeds, including their definitions, classifications, and the multifaceted impacts they exert on agriculture, ecosystems, and, where applicable, human health. Traditional weed management strategies, encompassing manual, cultural, biological, and chemical controls, are discussed with a balanced evaluation of their merits and demerits, supported by a wide array of research. The core of this review is an in-depth analysis of burgeoning technologies in weed management, comprising precision agriculture, genomic approaches, and robotic weed control, among others. We provide case studies highlighting the effectiveness of these innovations, while also addressing potential implementation challenges. Further, the review engages in an evaluation of the environmental and socioeconomic implications of both traditional and modern weed management strategies.

Discussion: Around the environmental footprint of weed control, the economic benefits, potential downsides, and labor issues are corroborated by substantial literature. Recognizing the limitations of current strategies and the challenges posed by the implementation of nascent technologies, the review culminates in an exploration of prospective directions for weed management. Considering the continuous technological advancements, a future replete with precise, sustainable strategies, and the advent of smart systems, fortified by artificial intelligence and machine learning is anticipated. Moreover, the importance of fostering interdisciplinary collaborations and recommendation of the development of policies that incentivize the adoption of sustainable weed management practices are underestimated. This review, consequently, serves as a sound source for researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers in charting the course of new endeavors in weed management.
Precise Methods for Single Spore Isolation and Controlled Sporulation in Magnaporthe oryzae Isolates
Authors: Aravind K. , Babu T. Kiran , Rajeswari B. , Pushpavalli S. N. C. V. L.
Published: September 2023

The present investigation focuses on enhancing the understanding of Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of rice blast disease, by developing simple and cost-efficient protocols for single spore isolation and controlled sporulation with minimal equipment. In pursuit of this objective, various natural hosts were evaluated for their sporulation potential at different time intervals. The results revealed the significant differences in sporulation of M. oryzae among different hosts at different time intervals, showing higher sporulation at 14 DAI compared to 10 DAI. Notably, rice leaves from TN-1 and HR-12 cultivars exhibited robust sporulation at 14 DAI under a 14-hr light + 8 hr dark conditions. Validating these findings, twelve isolates from various locations in Telangana State consistently confirmed that rice leaves from cultivar TN-1 supporting the highest mean sporulation rate, followed by the HR-12 cultivar. The implications of these findings extend to aiding researchers and rice breeders in comprehending disease dynamics, formulating effective control strategies, and developing rice cultivars resilient against rice blast.
Saffron Bulb Mite Rhizoglyphus robini (Claparede) Its Occurrence, Biology and Chemical Intervention Tactics on Saffron Corms in Kashmir, India
Authors: Sherwani Asma , Mukhtar Malik , Maqsood Saima , Mushtaq Tahmina , Sofi Muneer Ahmad , Bano Parveena
Published: September 2023

Saffron corms are attacked by a wide variety of arthropod pest species and mites are one of them. Among Arachnida class bulb mite causes considerable damage to saffron crop and presence of this pest is a regular feature in its cultivation. To record the occurrence of saffron bulb mite, field study was conducted at different saffron growing areas of Kashmir. For biology of the pest, laboratory study was conducted at Department of Entomology, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Shalimar. The mean percent infestation of saffron bulb mite from all the locations revealed highest and lowest percent mite infestation of 25.83 and 12.50 recorded from Dhussu and Saffron research station respectively. Passing through five active stages viz., Egg, Larva, Protonymph, Tritonymph and adult completed the life cycle of Rhizoglyphus robini. The heteromorphic deutonymph or hypopal stage is sometimes produced for phoresis when population is overcrowded, but this stage was not observed during the study. The results revealed that the females laid their eggs on the corms. The average incubation period of egg was observed to be of 6.16 ±0.78 days while as other developmental periods Larva, Protonymph, and Tritonymph were of 5.22 ±0.68, 5.76 ±0.52, and 7.00 ±0.91 days at 25± 50C respectively. The longevity of adult male and female were 27.9 ±0.44 and 22.9 ±0.69 days respectively. The efficacy of different doses of acaricides against Saffron bulb mite revealed that drenching the soil with chlorpyrifos 20 EC + foliar spray with cyenopyrafen 30 SC showed best results with 4.23 percent leaves with stunted growth and chlorosis, 97.34 percent flower emergence and 2.23 percent bulb rot.
Impact of Organic Farming Practices on Soil Organic Matter: A Review
Authors: Asha  , Diksha  , Shabnam  , Sanwal Priyanka , Dagar Sandeep , Dagar Harender
Published: September 2023

Organic farming plays an important role in the improvement of soil organic matter content. Adoption of organic farming leads to overall balance of the ecosystem and sustaining environmental health. Although conventional farming practices are quite better in achieving global food security, the adoption of organic farming is beneficial in terms of long-run ecosystem balance. Organic farming largely excludes the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, genetically modified crops and feed additives. Organic farming is an important tool to reverse the trend of declining soil organic matter status in the soils. It is mediated by returning plant residues and manures from livestock back to the land, enhancing biological nitrogen fixation by legumes, and versatile crop rotations. Soil organic matter (SOM) balances are the most common decision support tools in organic farming management. The concentration of soil organic matter often serves as a foundational attribute that controls many soil properties. In organically managed systems where no synthetic fertilizers are allowed, soil microbial biomass is important to supply plant nutrients by mineralization processes and to avoid nutrient leaching. The soil organic matter is affected by land use practices, soil depth and climatic conditions under organic farming.
Morphological Characterization and Pathogenicity Test of Alternaria Leaf Spot of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.)
Authors: Patel Shyam Narayan , Kumar Pradip , Raghuvanshi Vishwa Vijay , Patel Suraj Kumar , Siddharth Prabha , Singh Abhishek , Milan Anand
Published: September 2023

Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) is an important leafy vegetable crop. It has good nutritional and medicinal value. Among all diseases affecting the plant, Alternaria leaf spot is a serious disease hampering its successful cultivation. Keeping in view this serious implication,            an experiment on Alternaria leaf spot of Chinese cabbage caused by Alternaria brassicae,             A. brassicicola and A. alternata was carried out at Main Experimental Station, Vegetable of ANDUA&T, Kumarganj Ayodhya for studying a means to effectively manage the disease. The disease was first appeared in the first week of November as small, yellow to brown spots with a light green to yellow halo. As the disease advances, several lesions coalesced, giving a blighted appearance. Stem and pods were also affected by the disease. The pathogen was readily isolated on 2% Potato Dextrose Agar medium and pathogenicity was proved following Koch's postulates. Cultural and morphological characters were observed as colonies of pure black amphigenous, effused, radial growth, conidia light brown to black in colour. The size of the conidia of A. brassicae, A. brassicicola and A. alternata were found 110.16 -162.0 µm, 94.08 – 120.72 µm and 25.44 - 46.32 µm, having septal variation 5-11, 0-8 and 2-6, respectively.
Procurement of Pancreatic Tissue for Research From Deceased Donors Before vs After the CMS Final Rule in 2020
Authors: Goldberg David S. , Lahrman Darren D. , Wadsworth Matthew
Published: September 2023

This cohort study examines changes in research pancreas procurement from deceased donors before and after the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) updated its Final Rule in November 2020.
Use of Abortion Services in Massachusetts After the Dobbs Decision Among In-State vs Out-of-State Residents
Authors: Keefe-Oates Brianna , Fulcher Isabel , Fortin Jennifer , Goldberg Alisa B. , Chen Jarvis T. , Gottlieb Barbara , Janiak Elizabeth
Published: September 2023

This cohort study compares observed vs expected abortion counts after Dobbs in Massachusetts among in-state vs out-of-state residents.
Identifying the optimal deep learning architecture and parameters for automatic beam aperture definition in 3D radiotherapy
Authors: Gay Skylar S. , Kisling Kelly D. , Anderson Brian M. , Zhang Lifei , Rhee Dong Joo , Nguyen Callistus , Netherton Tucker , Yang Jinzhong , Brock Kristy , Jhingran Anuja , Simonds Hannah , Klopp Ann , Beadle Beth M. , Court Laurence E. , Cardenas Carlos E.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Two‐dimensional radiotherapy is often used to treat cervical cancer in low‐ and middle‐income countries, but treatment planning can be challenging and time‐consuming. Neural networks offer the potential to greatly decrease planning time through automation, but the impact of the wide range of hyperparameters to be set during training on model accuracy has not been exhaustively investigated. In the current study, we evaluated the effect of several convolutional neural network architectures and hyperparameters on 2D radiotherapy treatment field delineation.

Methods

Six commonly used deep learning architectures were trained to delineate four‐field box apertures on digitally reconstructed radiographs for cervical cancer radiotherapy. A comprehensive search of optimal hyperparameters for all models was conducted by varying the initial learning rate, image normalization methods, and (when appropriate) convolutional kernel size, the number of learnable parameters via network depth and the number of feature maps per convolution, and nonlinear activation functions. This yielded over 1700 unique models, which were all trained until performance converged and then tested on a separate dataset.

Results

Of all hyperparameters, the choice of initial learning rate was most consistently significant for improved performance on the test set, with all top‐performing models using learning rates of 0.0001. The optimal image normalization was not consistent across architectures. High overlap (mean Dice similarity coefficient = 0.98) and surface distance agreement (mean surface distance < 2 mm) were achieved between the treatment field apertures for all architectures using the identified best hyperparameters. Overlap Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and distance metrics (mean surface distance and Hausdorff distance) indicated that DeepLabv3+ and D‐LinkNet architectures were least sensitive to initial hyperparameter selection.

Conclusion

DeepLabv3+ and D‐LinkNet are most robust to initial hyperparameter selection. Learning rate, nonlinear activation function, and kernel size are also important hyperparameters for improving performance.
Efficient, Near‐Infrared Light‐Induced Photoclick Reaction Enabled by Upconversion Nanoparticles
Authors: Fu Youxin , Wu Kefan , Alachouzos Georgios , Simeth Nadja A. , Freese Thomas , Falkowski Michal , Szymanski Wiktor , Zhang Hong , Feringa Ben L.
Published: September 2023

Photoclick reactions combine the selectivity of classical click chemistry with the high precision and spatiotemporal control afforded by light, finding diverse utility in surface customization, polymer conjugation, photocross‐linking, protein labeling, and bioimaging. Nonetheless, UV light, pivotal in prevailing photoclick reactions, poses issues, especially in biological contexts, due to its limited tissue penetration and cell‐toxic nature. Herein, a reliable and versatile strategy of activating the photoclick reactions of 9,10‐phenanthrenequinones (PQs) with electron‐rich alkenes (ERAs) with near infrared (NIR) light transduced by spectrally and structurally customized upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) is introduced. Under NIR irradiation, the UCNPs become UV/blue nanoemitters uniformly distributed in the reaction system. Enabled by the customized UCNPs, 800 or 980 nm light effectively activates the photocycloaddition reactions via radiative energy transfer in both general and triplet–triplet energy transfer (TTET)‐mediated PQ‐ERA systems. In particular, the novel sandwich structure UCNPs achieve the click reaction with up to 76% production yield in 10 min under NIR light irradiation. Meanwhile, the tricky side effect of photoclick product absorption‐induced quenching is successfully circumvented from the fine‐tuning of the upconversion spectrum. Moreover, through‐tissue irradiation experiments, the authors show that the UCNP‐PQ‐ERA reaction unlocks the full potential of photoclick reactions for in vivo applications.
Fibrin Stiffness Regulates Phenotypic Plasticity of Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Heilala Maria , Lehtonen Arttu , Arasalo Ossi , Peura Aino , Pokki Juho , Ikkala Olli , Nonappa  , Klefström Juha , Munne Pauliina M.
Published: September 2023

The extracellular matrix (ECM)‐regulated phenotypic plasticity is crucial for metastatic progression of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). While ECM faithful cell‐based models are available for in situ and invasive tumors, such as cell aggregate cultures in reconstituted basement membrane and in collagenous gels, there are no ECM faithful models for metastatic circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Such models are essential to represent the stage of metastasis where clinical relevance and therapeutic opportunities are significant. Here, CTC‐like DU4475 TNBC cells are cultured in mechanically tunable 3D fibrin hydrogels. This is motivated, as in circulation fibrin aids CTC survival by forming a protective coating reducing shear stress and immune cell‐mediated cytotoxicity and promotes several stages of late metastatic processes at the interface between circulation and tissue. This work shows that fibrin hydrogels support DU4475 cell growth, resulting in spheroid formation. Furthermore, increasing fibrin stiffness from 57 to 175 Pa leads to highly motile, actin and tubulin containing cellular protrusions, which are associated with specific cell morphology and gene expression patterns that markedly differ from basement membrane or suspension cultures. Thus, mechanically tunable fibrin gels reveal specific matrix‐based regulation of TNBC cell phenotype and offer scaffolds for CTC‐like cells with better mechano‐biological properties than liquid.
HLA‐Ehigh/HLA‐Ghigh/HLA‐IIlow Human iPSC‐Derived Cardiomyocytes Exhibit Low Immunogenicity for Heart Regeneration
Authors: Fang Yi‐Hsien , Wang Saprina P. H. , Liao I‐Chuang , Tsai Kuen‐Jer , Huang Po‐Hsien , Yang Pei‐Jung , Yen Chia‐Jui , Liu Ping‐Yen , Shan Yan‐Shen , Liu Yen‐Wen
Published: September 2023

Although human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs)‐derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC‐CMs) can remuscularize infarcted hearts and restore post‐infarct cardiac function, post‐transplant rejection resulting from human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatching is an enormous obstacle. It is crucial to identify hypoimmunogenic hPSCs for allogeneic cell therapy. This study is conducted to demonstrate the immune privilege of HLA‐Ehigh/HLA‐Ghigh/HLA‐IIlow human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)‐derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC‐CMs). Ischemia‐reperfusion surgery is done to create transmural myocardial infarction in rats. At post‐infarct 4 days, hPSC‐CMs (1.0×107 cells per kg), including human embryonic stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (hESC‐CMs), HLA‐Elow/HLA‐Glow/HLA‐IIhigh hiPSC‐CMs, and HLA‐Ehigh/HLA‐Ghigh/HLA‐IIlow hiPSC‐CMs, are injected into the infarcted myocardium. Under the treatment of very low dose cyclosporine A (CsA), only HLA‐Ehigh/HLA‐Ghigh/HLA‐IIlow hiPSC‐CMs survive in vivo and improved post‐infarct cardiac function with infarct size reduction. HLA‐Ehigh/HLA‐Ghigh/HLA‐IIlow hiPSC‐CMs activate the SHP‐1 signaling pathway of natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T cells to evade attack by NK cells and cytotoxic T cells. Herein, it is demonstrated that using a clinically relevant CsA dose, HLA‐Ehigh/HLA‐Ghigh/HLA‐IIlow hiPSC‐CMs repair the infarcted myocardium and restore the post‐infarct heart function. HLA‐Ehigh/HLA‐Ghigh/HLA‐IIlow hiPSCs are less immunogenic and may serve as platforms for regeneration medicine.
Realizing Unassisted Photo‐Charging of Zinc–Air Batteries by Anisotropic Charge Separation in Photoelectrodes
Authors: Kong Lingqiao , Ruan Qiushi , Qiao Jingyuan , Chen Pengyu , Yan Bingzhen , He Wei , Zhang Wei , Jiang Chaoran , Lu Chengjie , Sun ZhengMing
Published: September 2023

Solar rechargeable zinc–air battery is a promising approach for capturing and storing intermittent solar energy through photoelectrochemical reactions. However, unassisted photo‐charging of zinc–air batteries is challenging due to suboptimal carrier accumulation on photoelectrodes, resulting in sluggish reaction kinetics. Here, unassisted photo‐charging of zinc–air battery is achieved by investigating anisotropic photogenerated charge separation on a series of representative semiconductors (ZnIn2S4, TiO2, and In2O3), among which the exceptional anisotropic charge separation on a ZnIn2S4 photoelectrode is revealed based on anisotropic charge diffusion capabilities. The charge separation is facet‐dependent, which is observed using Kelvin probe force microscopy, verifying a cause‐and‐effect relationship between the photo‐charge accumulation on photoelectrodes and their photo‐charging performance in zinc–air batteries. This work achieves an unassisted photo‐charging current density of 1.9 mA cm−2 with a light‐to‐chemical energy conversion efficiency of 1.45%, highlighting the importance of anisotropic semiconductors for unassisted photo‐charging of zinc–air batteries via efficient photogenerated charge separation.
High‐Efficiency Area‐Emissive White Organic Light‐Emitting Transistor for Full‐Color Display
Authors: Miao Zhagen , Gao Can , Gao Haikuo , Qin Zhengsheng , Hu Wenping , Dong Huanli
Published: September 2023

The construction of high‐performance white organic light‐emitting transistor (OLET) with uniform area emission is crucial for smart display technologies but remains greatly challenging. Herein, high‐efficiency uniform area‐emissive OLETs based on a unique lateral‐integrated device configuration which incorporates efficient energy transfer of phosphorescent and fluorescent guests, enabling color‐tunable and white emission, are demonstrated. Through precisely regulating the energy transfer between host and guests, high external quantum efficiency of 13.9% for white‐emission OLETs is achieved due to the improved high exciton utilization and light outcoupling efficiency which is the highest value reported so far for OLETs and prevents exciton‐charge annihilation and electrode photon losses. Moreover, good loop stability is also achieved, along with effective gate tunability and ultralow driving voltage of below 5 V. Finally, a 4 × 6 white‐emission OLET array for full‐color display is demonstrated for the first time, suggesting its great potential applications for advanced display technologies.
Hydro Electroactive Janus Micro/Nano Fiber Dressing with Exudate Management Ability for Wound Healing
Authors: Li Ling , Zhao Qian , Feng Fan , Li Chenglin , Wang Tiantian , Chen Weichao , Ren Xiaochuan , Huang Yuesheng , Li Jiwei
Published: September 2023

Exudate management and bioelectric signals are critical to promoting wound healing. In this study, the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofiber is directly electrospun on the cotton microfibers (Cotton) to prepare a Janus dressing (TPU/Cotton), which can unidirectionally drain the excess exudate. Then, Ag/Zn dot electrodes are deposited on the TPU layer, which can produce an electric field penetrating the wound when activated by wound exudate. The hydro‐activated Ag/Zn's electrical stimulation (ES) can promote the migration of fibroblast cells and shows excellent antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Furthermore, in vivo experiments show that the exudate management coupled with ES accelerated wound healing at multiple stages by promoting re‐epithelization, collagen deposition, and vascularization. Moreover, the Ag/Zn@TPU/Cotton dressing shows excellent biocompatibility in the vitro cytotoxicity experiments. These findings may shed some light on developing the next generation of wound dressings with self‐activated electrical stimulation and exudate management.
Unprecedented Aqueous Solubility of TEMPO and its Application as High Capacity Catholyte for Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Pedraza Eduardo , de la Cruz Carlos , Mavrandonakis Andreas , Ventosa Edgar , Rubio‐Presa Rubén , Sanz Roberto , Senthilkumar Sirugaloor Thangavel , Navalpotro Paula , Marcilla Rebeca
Published: September 2023

Despite the excellent electrochemical properties of non‐functionalized 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO), its use in aqueous organic redox flow battery (AORFB) is hindered to date due to its insolubility in water. However, in this study, an unprecedented solubility of 5.6 m is demonstrated in an aqueous solution of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), which is 80 times higher than in water (0.07 m). A computational study reveals that the unique interaction between TEMPO and TFSI is essential to achieve this record solubility. TEMPO catholytes are tested in symmetric flow cells, demonstrating high capacity (23.85 Ah L−1), high material utilization (89%), and robust reversible performance with long‐term stability (low capacity fading of 0.082%/day). When paired with sulfonated viologen anolyte ((SPr2)V), an AORFB with low capacity fading over cycling (0.60%/day, 0.048%/cycle) is achieved, constituting the first example of a non‐functionalized TEMPO catholyte for AORFB. Notably, this solubilization strategy could be applied to other unexplored chemistries in aqueous electrolytes, leading to the development of new AORFBs.
Phylogenomic and morphological data reveal hidden patterns of diversity in the national tree of Brazil, Paubrasilia echinata
Authors: Rees Mathew , Neaves Linda E. , Lewis Gwilym P. , de Lima Haroldo C. , Gagnon Edeline
Published: September 2023

Premise

Paubrasilia echinata (common names, pau brasil, brazilwood) is the national tree of Brazil and an endangered species endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Over its wide distribution of 2000 km, its leaflets morphology exhibits extensive plasticity. Three morphotypes are commonly identified based on leaf size, but it is unclear if they represent distinct taxa or a single polymorphic species. This study aims to clarify the taxonomic position of the three morphotypes to inform conservation decisions.

Methods

A morphometric study of leaf characters of herbarium specimens was coupled with genetic analyses using genotype‐by‐sequencing data. We used maximum‐likelihood and coalescent methods to evaluate the phylogenetic and population structure of the species. We compared these with a morphological dendrogram built from hierarchical clustering.

Results

Two of the three morphotypes formed separately evolving lineages, the third morphotype formed two geographically separate lineages, and northern trees with intermediate leaf morphology formed a separate fifth lineage. Leaflet size varied by over 35‐fold, and although morphological clustering generally matched the genetic patterns, there were some overlaps, highlighting the cryptic diversity within this group.

Conclusions

Our genetic and morphological results provide some evidence that cultivated trees from different states in Brazil seem to have a limited genetic origin and do not reflect the broader genetic and geographical diversity of the species. As a result, more care is likely needed to preserve the overall genomic diversity of this endangered and iconic species.
Uncertainty and disturbance estimator‐based geometry tracking control for quadrotors without linear velocity measurements
Authors: Hu Yang , Miao Zhiqiang , Wang Yaonan , Lin Jie , Lin Qiong
Published: September 2023

This paper addresses the trajectory tracking control problem of a quadrotor under uncertain model parameters, external disturbances, and unmeasurable linear velocity. The main contribution of this paper is to present a geometric control strategy with a simple structure and easily adjustable parameters, which combines the differentiator and uncertainty and disturbance estimator techniques to achieve global trajectory tracking control. First, a cascade control framework is introduced to solve the strong coupling and underactuated problems of quadrotors. Furthermore, an antidisturbance outer‐loop differentiator‐based position controller is designed based on the uncertainty and disturbance estimators (UDE) to achieve accurate quadrotor tracking of the desired trajectory. The higher order control inputs of the translational dynamics are estimated using a differentiator to determine the desired angular velocity and its derivative. Then, a robust inner‐loop geometric controller is derived in Lie algebraic space using the rotation matrix. After that, the stability analysis of the closed‐loop system is executed using the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, the numerical simulation verifies that the method enables the quadrotor to have strong robustness and excellent tracking capability in the presence of large initial angles, time‐varying disturbances, and unmeasured linear velocity.
What drives consumer expectations for institutional food? Identifying antecedents of normative and predictive expectations in baby boomers
Authors: Andreassen Hanne , Gjerald Olga
Published: September 2023

Consumer expectations play a crucial role in shaping consumer experiences, and it is important to understand what factors contribute to these expectations. However, there is limited research on the factors that influence expectations, particularly internal factors. Additionally, few studies differentiate between types of expectations and their underlying causes. This study focuses on normative and predictive expectations related to institutional food and examines how individual psychological factors (such as entitlement, subjective knowledge, and sensitivity to disconfirmation) and sociocultural factors (like word of mouth and temporal focus) influence these expectations. The researchers used surveys to collect data from two different groups of baby boomers in Norway, with a total of 300 participants in each group. The findings reveal that normative and predictive expectations for institutional food differ in their content, and individual psychological and sociocultural factors affect different types of expectations. Individual psychological factors have a stronger influence on normative expectations, whereas sociocultural factors primarily impact predictive expectations. Further research should explore the relationship between the content of expectations and their drivers in other contexts. This study contributes to our understanding of the factors that shape consumer expectations, particularly in non‐hedonic consumption experiences.
[Fe]‐Hydrogenase, Cofactor Biosynthesis and Engineering
Authors: Arriaza‐Gallardo Francisco J. , Zheng Yu‐Cong , Gehl Manuel , Nomura Shunsuke , Fernandes‐Queiroz J. Pedro , Shima Seigo
Published: September 2023

[Fe]‐hydrogenase catalyzes the heterolytic cleavage of H2 and reversible hydride transfer to methenyl‐tetrahydromethanopterin. The iron‐guanylylpyridinol (FeGP) cofactor is the prosthetic group of this enzyme, in which mononuclear Fe(II) is ligated with a pyridinol and two CO ligands. The pyridinol ligand fixes the iron by an acyl carbon and a pyridinol nitrogen. Biosynthetic proteins for this cofactor are encoded in the hmd co‐occurring (hcg) genes. The function of HcgB, HcgC, HcgD, HcgE, and HcgF was studied by using structure‐to‐function analysis, which is based on the crystal structure of the proteins and subsequent enzyme assays. Recently, we reported the catalytic properties of HcgA and HcgG, novel radical S‐adenosyl methionine enzymes, by using an in vitro biosynthesis assay. Here, we review the properties of [Fe]‐hydrogenase and the FeGP cofactor, and the biosynthesis of the FeGP cofactor. Finally, we discuss the expected engineering of [Fe]‐hydrogenase and the FeGP cofactor.
4‐Oxo‐β‐Lactams as Novel Inhibitors for Rhomboid Proteases
Authors: Yang Jian , Carvalho Luís A. R. , Ji Shanping , Chen Suyuan , Moreira Rui , Verhelst Steven H. L.
Published: September 2023

Intramembrane serine proteases (rhomboid proteases) are involved in a variety of biological processes and are implicated in several diseases. Here, we report 4‐oxo‐β‐lactams as a novel scaffold for inhibition of rhomboids. We show that they covalently react with the active site and that the covalent bond is sufficiently stable for detection of the covalent rhomboid‐lactam complex. 4‐Oxo‐β‐lactams may therefore find future use as both inhibitors and activity‐based probes for rhomboid proteases.
CO2 Hydrogenation to CH3OH over Cu‐Based Catalysts: Primary and Side Reactions
Authors: Zhao Dan , Han Shanlei , Kondratenko Evgenii V.
Published: September 2023

Carbon dioxide (CO2) hydrogenation to methanol (CH3OH) is one of the most promising approaches to provide this platform chemical and to close carbon cycles. In this minireview, we systematically analyze primary and secondary reactions which can take place in this reaction over Cu‐based catalysts. In addition to repeatedly discussed reverse water gas shift reaction (RWGS) and CH3OH production directly from CO2, we consider decomposition, dehydration, dehydrogenation, and steam reforming of the desired alcohol. These reactions are usually ignored in the studies dealing with CO2 hydrogenation to CH3OH but can worsen the catalyst efficiency. Apart from the corresponding thermodynamic analysis, proposed reaction mechanisms and active sites are described and discussed. The effects of co‐fed water, CH3OH and methyl formate on catalyst performance are critically scrutinized, too. We also provide several criteria for unambiguous comparison of different catalysts in terms of CH3OH selectivity and their activity.
Synthesis of Chrysanthemum‐Like BiOBr Microspheres by Structure Induction of Chitosan for Enhancing Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Geng Yuanze , Zhang Zhancheng , Zhang Yaping , Cao Peiyu , He Yufeng , Wang Rongmin
Published: September 2023

Photocatalysis is a green technology with important application prospects in environmental fields such as wastewater treatment. Herein, we synthesized chrysanthemum‐like BiOBr microspheres (CLB0.45) by introduction of structure guide and soft‐template. Natural biomass chitosan (CS) in the precursor of BiOBr successfully suppressed the growth of both (001) and (102) lattice planes through the solvent effect, and promoted the exposure of (110) lattice planes that dominated the photocatalytic performance. Significantly, the polymer chains regulated the nanosheets of BiOBr to accurately self‐assemble. The obtained CLB0.45 had narrower band gap and more active sites due to surface defects, and the photocatalysts have higher photo‐electron hole pairs separation efficiency. Additionally, the degradation performance towards rhodamine B (RhB; 99.7 %, 30 min) of the CLB0.45 was increased, which was 4.6 times higher than that of pure BiOBr. The degradation rate of tetracycline (TC) was also excellent (85.3 %). The photodegradation mechanism of CLB0.45 was proposed and verified. In summary, the prepared CLB0.45, obtained through structure guiding and using a soft template, have a promising future in the photocatalytic purification of organic pollutants.
End‐to‐End Semi‐automated Mid‐scale Protein Screening Platform for Drug Discovery Research
Authors: Zilberleyb Inna , Kugel Christine , Patel Purvit , Tam Christine , Hsu Peter L. , Franke Yvonne , Pahuja Kanika Bajaj
Published: September 2023

The drug discovery landscape is ever‐evolving and constantly demands revolutionary technology advancements in protein expression and production laboratories. We have built a higher‐throughput mid‐scale semi‐automated protein expression and screening platform to accelerate drug discovery research. The workflow described here enables comprehensive expression and purification screening assessment of challenging or difficult‐to‐express recombinant proteins in a fast and efficient manner by delivering small but sufficient amounts of high‐quality proteins. The platform has been implemented for a wide range of applications that include identification of optimal constructs and chaperones for poorly expressing proteins, assessment of co‐expression partners for expressing stable multiprotein complexes, and suitable buffer/additive screening for insoluble or aggregation‐prone proteins. The approach allows parallel expression, purification, and characterization of 24 different samples using co‐infection or a polycistronic approach in insect cells and enables parallel testing of multiple parameters to improve protein yields. The strategy has been successfully adopted for screening intracellular and secreted proteins in Escherichia coli, mammalian transient expression, and baculovirus expression vector systems. Proteins purified from this platform are used for several structural and functional screens, such as negative staining, biochemical activity assays, mass spectrometry, surface plasmon resonance, and DNA‐encoded chemical library screens. In this article, for simplicity, we have focused on detailed expression and purification screening of intracellular protein complexes from insect cells. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Baculovirus generation via homologous recombination

Support Protocol 1: Anti‐glycoprotein 64 antibody assay

Basic Protocol 2: Generation of insect cell biomass expressing target protein(s)

Basic Protocol 3: Mid‐scale affinity purification

Support Protocol 2: Automated method for affinity purification on Hamilton STAR

Basic Protocol 4: Size exclusion chromatography

Support Protocol 3: Chromeleon 7 operation on Vanquish Duo
Historically restricted or historically empowered? Differences in access to historical content knowledge between low‐ and high‐SES pupils
Authors: Rosenlund David , Persson Magnus
Published: September 2023

In the study presented in this article, the aim is to further the understanding regarding the differences between pupils (aged 15–16) from schools with low or high socio‐economic status (SES), regarding the amount and diversity of content knowledge in history that they have acquired by the end of compulsory schooling. Following a definition of historical content knowledge, we situate the concept in relation to other aspects of the history school subject. This is done to visualize historical content knowledge's central role in more complex aspects of the subject. The empirical material used in the study is pupils' responses on both selected and constructed response items on the Swedish national test in history. In the study, a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches is used. The results show not only that pupils in low‐SES schools provide fewer examples of historical content knowledge. We can also establish that the historical content knowledge of pupils from high‐SES schools represents several perspectives while there are few perspectives present in the responses from pupils in low‐SES schools. The results are used to discuss how the differences between pupils in low‐ and high‐SES schools may affect their possibilities for educational success and active participation in society.