bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CAT FLU TREATMENT DUE TO CALICI VIRUS AND HERPES VIRUS INFECTION IN MIXED DOMESTIC CATS
Authors: Dominika Kevin , Arjentinia Putu Gede Yudhi , Suartha I Nyoman
Published: April 2024

Feline Calicivirus (FCV) and Feline Herpesvirus (FHV) are the most common viral agents that affect cats globally. FCV and FHV can cause respiratory disorders in infected cats. This study aims to present the therapeutic results in mixed-breed domestic cats experiencing chronic feline flu due to FCV and FHV infections. The examinations conducted include physical examinations, routine hematology, radiography, cytology, and rapid tests for FCV and FHV. Cats exhibited symptoms of frequent sneezing accompanied by red-tinged mucus discharge and coughing during the physical examination. Routine hematology results showed leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and eosinophilia in cats. Radiographic examination with X-rays revealed bronchopneumonia in cats. Cytological examination indicated a significant infiltration of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Rapid tests for FCV and FHV showed that the cats were positive for FCV and FHV antigens. On the 14th day, the cats showed symptomatic improvement after treatment with cefadroxil antibiotics (22 mg/kg BW; q24 hours; orally), dexamethasone (0.5 mg; q12 hours; orally), dexchlorpheniramine maleate (2 mg; q12 hours; orally), bromhexine HCl (1 mg/kg BW; q12 hours; orally), and vitamin B complex (1 tablet; q24 hours; orally). Further research is needed on the incidence rate of coinfection between Feline Calicivirus and Feline Herpesvirus in Bali.
THE CAUSATIVE FACTOR DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF BOOPHILUS SP. INFESTATION IN BALI CATTLE IN BARRU REGENCY, SOUTH SULAWESI
Authors: Yuliani Suparmin , Pradhany Risha Catra , Zakariya Faizal
Published: April 2024

In tropical climates such as Indonesia, the presence of ectoparasites occurs almost annually, which becomes one of the major problems due to ectoparasite infestations on ruminant farms. One problem occurred is the Boophilus sp. This study aimed to detect and identify causative factor in infestation of Boophilus sp. and correlation between tick infestation and incidence of blood parasite in Barru Regency. The study unit was the Bali cattle breeders spreaded in Mallusetasi District, Barru Regency. This study used a cross-sectional study to identify and determine the relationship between the causative factors of maintenance management and stock farmer knowledge level on the application of maintenance management in Bali cattle farms. The tabulated data of the maintenance management in Bali cattle breeding and breeder knowledge level causative factors against the tick ectoparasite infestation were descriptively analyzed and tested with a chi-square (χ2) method to measure the relationship of these factors and Boophilus sp. tick infestation at 95% of confidence level. The magnitude of relationship strength was calculated by the odd ratio (OR) test at a 95% of confidence level. Boophilus sp. tick ectoparasite infestation occurred in Bali cattle farms in Mallusetasi District, Barru Regency with an incidence rate of 68,8%. The causative factors that influence the incidence of tick infestations included the farmer educational level, breeder experience, number of maintenance, maintenance pattern, poor cage condition, and breeder's knowledge. The infestation of Boophilus sp. tick had a very significant correlation on the incidence of blood parasitic diseases. Therefore, to reduce tick infestation and the incidence of blood parasitic disease, planning of integrated control measures to create awareness about the importance and control of tick for livestock farmers is required.
The Social Stratification System in Forming a Balinese Identity
Authors: Yoga Segara I Nyoman , Kuckreja Ravinjay
Published: April 2024

This article defines the various layers and identity labels of the Balinese society. Much of their indigenous customs have been linked with Hinduism, and many would regard the two to be inseparable. This article, however, attempts to separate the indigenous elements of ancestral worship from the Vedic or Hindu understanding of societal divisions in order to properly study the two and how they influence one another. The history of the island has enforced the rigid caste system, but the application of Hindu philosophy serves an idealized definition of caste. In such a way, the Hindu or Vedic belief does provide much relief for Balinese society. However, they are still defined by their patrilineal heritage, and are bound to ancestral worship as per their indigenous religion. Fueled by the contemporary socio-political landscape of Bali, there is a need to properly define what Balinese identity actually is.
PRODUCTIVITY OF Asystasia gangetica (L.) Subsp. Micrantha WAS GIVEN NPK FERTILIZER SUBSTITUTED WITH COW BIOURIN
Authors: N. G. K. RONI , LINDAWATI S. A. , DEWI P. J. N.
Published: April 2024

The research aims to obtain a dose of NPK fertilizer substituted for cow biourine that can produce the best productivity of Asystasia gangetica (L.) subsp. Micrantha, used a completely randomized design consisting of 9 tre- atments repeated 7 times, so there were 63 experimental units. Treatments consisted of D0: no fertilizer, D1: NPK 200 kg ha-1, D2: Cow biourine (CB) 5,000 l ha-1, D3: CB 7,500 l ha-1, D4: CB 10,000 l ha-1, D5: NPK 50 kgha-1 + CB 5,000 l ha-1, D6 : NPK 50 kgha-1 + CB 7,500 l ha-1, D7 : NPK 100 kgha-1 + CB 5,000 l ha-1, and D8 : NPK 100 kgha-1 + CB 7,500 l ha-1. The results showed that Asystasia gangetica that received the D5 treatment produced a higher number of leaves, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, and total forage dry weight compared to D0 and the same as the D1 treatment. It was concluded that Asystasia gangetica (l.) subsp. Micrantha that received D5 fertilizer treatment (NPK 50 kgha-1 + cow biourine 5,000 l ha-1) showed better growth and yield compared to without fertilizer and the same as D1 treatment (NPK 200 kg ha-1).
THE ROLE OF BELANTIK IN MARKETING BALI CATTLE IN BALI PROVINCE: A REVIEW
Authors: N. M. A. K. DEWI , SYAHLANI S. P. , HARYADI F. T.
Published: April 2024

The marketing strategy needs serious attention because the marketing process with the right marketing channels can provide the best selling price because it has an impact on increasing farmers' income. In 1990, farmers implemented direct marketing channels. On the other hand, the last two decades have shown that farmers' dependence on belantik is higher compared to direct marketing channels. A study to identify the role of belantik needs to be carried out to determine the basis of livestock farmers' dependence on belantik as an intermediary in the marketing channel for Bali cattle in Bali Province. The method used is a literature review. The results of the study show that marketing of Bali cattle in Bali Province is still dominated by indirect marketing involving belantik to market livestock to inter-island traders and slaughterers. The high dependence of farmers on belantik is due to the farmers' weak bargaining power, such as small livestock ownership scale, high transportation costs, unavailability of capital, livestock as a side business, lack of entrepreneurial spirit, no livestock price standards, and farmers lack skills in estimating body weight which allows livestock not to be sold or sold at low prices. This condition shows that belantik has quite an important role in marketing bali cattle in Bali Province.
MANAGEMENT OF MARGINAL ULCERS IN OBESE PATIENTS AFTER LAPAROSCOPIC GASTRIC BYPASS
Authors: Ioffe Olexander , Nevmerzhytskyi Victor
Published: April 2024

Marginal ulcer (MU) is a frequent late complication in patients after laparoscopic gastric bypass, occurring in 3-25% of patients. During the past 10 years, there has been a decrease in the rate of marginal ulcers, due to the improvement of surgical techniques and the widespread use of proton pump inhibitors II generation. According to the time of occurrence, marginal ulcers are classified into early (up to 30 days after surgery) and late (after 30 days).

Aim. To improve the management of marginal ulcers in obese patients after laparoscopic gastric bypass.

Materials and Methods. A retrospective analysis of 348 patients who underwent laparoscopic gastric bypass from 2011 to 2023 at the Department of General Surgery №2 of the National Medical University named after O.O. Bogomolets Patients aged 25 to 59 years with obesity according to IFSO criteria. The minimum observation period is 12 months.

Results and Discussion. The study included 348 patients after laparoscopic gastric bypass. The majority are women 189 (54.3%). The average age was 44,81±9,79 years (25-59 years) and the average BMI was 45,43±4,77 kg/m2 (41.21-59.41). Marginal ulcers were diagnosed in 12 patients (3.4%). Symptoms were present in 10 patients (83.3%), the asymptomatic course was present in 2 patients (16.7%). Marginal ulcers were more often diagnosed in men 7/154 (4.54%). According to logistic regression, taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs OR = 3.62 (95%CI 1.04-12.6, p<0.001), diabetes type 2 OR = 2.62 (95%CI 0.75-9.09, p<0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases OR=2.25 (95%CI 1.19-4.28, p<0.001), affect the occurrence marginal ulcers. During 2011-2020, 8 (4.49%) cases of MU were detected among 178 treated patients, and during 2020-2023 only 4 (2.35%) among 170 patients. For the prevention of MU, a scheme was created: proton pump inhibitors II generation 20 mg twice a day for 6 months, instead of a scheme - proton pump inhibitors II generation 20 mg twice a day for 30 days after surgery.

Conclusion. Risk factors for the occurrence of marginal ulcers are the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, diabetes mellitus type 2, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Modification of the management of obese patients after laparoscopic gastric bypass in the volume - the use of a regimen for the prevention of marginal ulcers: a proton pump inhibitor II generation 20 mg twice a day for 6 months, contributed to a decrease in the number of marginal ulcers.
The General Strike and the Specter of Anarchism in the German “Mass Strike Debate”
Authors: Paxton Gabriel
Published: April 2024

In the quarter century before the outbreak of the Great War in 1914, German Social Democrats engaged in strenuous disputes about the most effective forms of political action. Central to this debate was the question of the utility of the “political mass strike,” a widespread work stoppage intended to achieve a political rather than an economic end, and potentially also to heighten workers’ consciousness of their political power. An aspect of the mass strike debate that has received less systematic attention is the role of anti-anarchist rhetoric, in particular regarding the “general strike,” in shaping the development of this intra-party conflict. Throughout the mass strike debate, German Social Democrats frequently came to explain their own ideology through the prism of their antipathy to anarchism. In associating the political mass strike with the anarchist general strike, Social Democratic reformists stigmatized the radicals in their own ranks who advocated the cultivation of workers’ revolutionary sentiments. On the other side, proponents of the political mass strike, such as Rosa Luxemburg, accused party moderates of succumbing, like anarchists, to a bourgeois mindset. Thus, throughout the Social Democrats’ mass strike debate, the accusation that one’s opponents adhered to an anarchist deviation from correct Marxist thought served as a tool to delegitimize their perspective. Insisting on the complete irrationality and folly of anarchists, and attributing to Socialist opponents those same failures, made the conflict sharper and more acrimonious, and less amenable to resolution, as it went to core issues of socialist identity.
Biocontrol activity of Streptomyces isolate SDSRO-13 against Colletotrichum spp. causing anthracnose disease of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Savita D S , Onkarappa R
Published: April 2024

A total of 18 Streptomyces species were isolated from the rhizospheric soil of maize. Among 18 isolates, SDSRO-13 showed strong inhibition against Colletotrichum spp. of chilli. SDSRO-13 was identified as Streptomyces sp. based on morphological, biochemical and 16S rRNA partial gene sequence analysis. In this study, two strains of Colletotrichum sp. were used for pathogenicity test. For in vivo antifungal activity, spore suspension of the test pathogens were used on the fresh chilli fruit by making a small puncture on the fruit, in completely sterile conditions and incubated for up to 21 days. The chilli fruits treated with SDSRO-13 and test pathogens showed no disease symptoms. The infected fruits were subjected for Koch’s postulate test and they showed the similar morphological features compared to the pure cultures of the pathogens.  We conclude that Actinomycetes, especially members of the genus Streptomyces are potential biocontrol agents which offer safer alternative management strategy to control the chilli fungal pathogens.
The economic landscape of clove production in India: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Thomas Lijo , Anees K , Muhammed Nissar V A
Published: April 2024

Clove is a valuable spice commodity with high demand in India, yet domestic production has remained stagnant, leading to import dependency. This study analyzed the clove economy in India, focusing on production trends, trade patterns, cost of production, and returns from clove farming. The data from primary survey of 40 clove plantations from five clove growing regions of Kerala (Idukki, Kozhikode and Kollam districts) and Tamil Nadu (Kanyakumari and Tenkasi districts) were used to estimate the cost of production and profitability of clove farming. The cost of production was estimated to be Rs 581 per kilogram of dry clove. The study reveals that clove cultivation faces challenges such as low genetic variability, poor agronomic practices, inadequate soil fertility management, biotic stress factors, senile plantations, unorganized markets, and labour shortages during harvest. These challenges constrain domestic production and hinder profitability. Intervention opportunities include developing high-yielding, disease-resistant varieties, enhancing extension services and training, strengthening disease and pest control measures, encouraging replanting and rejuvenation of senile plantations, establishing organized markets and price stabilization mechanisms, and addressing labour shortages during harvest. Addressing these challenges and implementing suggested interventions can increase domestic clove production, reduce import dependency, and improve the profitability and sustainability of clove farming in India.
نسبة مساهمة المسافات الجزئية وتغيير الزخم لمراحل الأداء بإنجاز الوثبة الثلاثية تحت 20 سنة
Authors: علي جعفر ايوب , احمد محمد حميد
Published: April 2024

يهدف البحث إلى :

- التعرف على المسافة المفقودة بين قدم اللاعب ولوحة الارتقاء في المرحلة الأولى.

 -التعرف على نسبة مساهمة الارتفاعات العمودية والأفقية لتلك المراحل لمركز ثقل الجسم خلال مراحل الأداء في انجاز الوثبة الثلاثية.

  -التعرف على نسبة مساهمة لفروق الزخوم والإنسيابية لكل مرحلة من مراحل الأداء في انجاز الوثبة الثلاثية.

   واستخدم الباحثان المنهج الوصفي بأسلوب العلاقات الارتباطية والتي تعد هي الأقرب لطبيعة المشكلة وكذلك تلائم المنهج المتبع  لحلها.

أن عملية تحديد واختيار مجتمع البحث يعد هو من أول الخطوات وأهمها في الأبحاث العلمية، إذ قام الباحث بتحديد مجتمع البحث وعينته والمتمثلين بواثبي فعالية الوثبة الثلاثية المشاركين ببطولة الاندية والمؤسسات الرياضية ، وتم اختيارهم بالطريقة العمدية المقصودة لتوفر الشروط والظروف التي تتلاءم مع اجراءات البحث، إذ تم اجراء المخاطبات اللازمة والحصول على الموافقات الأصولية، لتطبيق اجراءات البحث، وتمثل مجتمع البحث بـ (12) واثباً ويمثلون نسبة (100%)  ،  أما عينة البحث تمثل بـ (10) واثبين ويمثلون نسبة (33,83%) من مجتمع البحث وذلك بعد إستبعاد واثبين  لإصابة أحدهما ، وإنسحاب الآخر من البطولة .
Manifestações clínicas e complicações da Síndrome Pós-COVID-19 em indivíduos adultos
Authors: Angelim Fabio Pereira , Rodrigues Diogo de Souza , Tavares Erick Sousa , Linhares Glória Pinheiro Arruda , Barbosa João de Sousa Pinheiro
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: Definir as principais manifestações clínicas e complicações da Síndrome Pós-COVID-19. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada por meio da busca nas bases de dados PubMed e BVS. Após aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, 20 artigos foram selecionados. Resultados: Há uma elevada prevalência da COVID Longa em casos leves, moderados e graves da COVID-19, sendo caracterizada por sequelas multissistêmicas. Observou-se o predomínio da dispneia, mialgia e fadiga como sintomas físicos característicos da COVID Longa, além da anedonia, névoa cerebral, prejuízo cognitivo e sintomas de estresse pós-traumático constituírem as principais manifestações clínicas que afetam a saúde mental. Foram relatados, entre as complicações predominantes, dor torácica, doenças cardíacas e pulmonares, neuropatia autonômica e perda de memória. Considerações finais: Considera-se que a investigação diagnóstica fundamentada na sintomatologia e o manejo adequado dos quadros de Síndrome Pós-COVID-19 podem melhorar a qualidade de vida e a recuperação dos pacientes, reduzindo os custos sociais, pessoais e dos sistemas de saúde.
Análise epidemiológica das neoplasias de esôfago na região sudeste do Brasil entre 2011 a 2021
Authors: Nogueira Ruymara Candal , Costa Monique Teixeira , Pilonetto Gabriela Carlot , Ichihara Giovana Ayumi , Borges de Méllo Aurélia Lorena Toscano de Medeiros , Rocha André Sousa
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: Descrever a análise epidemiológica das neoplasias de esôfago na região sudeste do Brasil no período de 2011 a 2021. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico do tipo ecológico com coleta de dados realizada no Departamento de Informática do SUS (DATASUS) através do Sistema de Informações de Câncer (SISCAN - câncer de esôfago). A população foi composta por todos os casos notificados de Neoplasias Malignas de Esôfago na região Sudeste do Brasil no período, imputados no tabulador genérico de domínio público (Tabnet), pela Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID) C15. Utilizou-se variáveis como estado, sexo, faixa etária e ano. A busca foi realizada em novembro de 2023. Resultados: A taxa de mortalidade apresentou queda a partir de 2018, sendo maior no sexo masculino e nas faixas etárias a partir dos 50 anos. A incidência se mantém linear, com discreta redução de 2016 adiante. Foram observadas altas taxas de letalidade no intervalo, evidenciando a gravidade dessa doença. Conclusão: São necessários mais estudos para a compreensão dos fatores que levam a resistir às altas taxas de incidência e letalidade dessa neoplasia na região sudeste do Brasil, com o intuito de diagnosticar e tratar precocemente.
Planejamento em saúde no contexto municipal: uma abordagem integrada e orientada por dados
Authors: Faccin Deniz , Santos Melissa Costa , Luz Ana Beatriz Cardoso da , Andrade Matheus Pacheco de , Calderon Daniela Baumgart de Liz , Barros Rodolfo Miranda de
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: Desenvolver e implementar um modelo integrado e orientado por dados para o planejamento em saúde no município de Florianópolis, visando à melhoria da gestão da saúde pública. Métodos: Utilizou-se uma abordagem descritiva para a concepção do modelo, integrando tecnologias de análise de dados, indicadores de saúde, e ferramentas tecnológicas. A metodologia incluiu análise situacional, elaboração e validação do modelo utilizando técnicas de mapa mental e diagrama conceitual, e a seleção de indicadores com base no referencial da Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde. Resultados: O método resultou em um meta-modelo modular, adaptável às diferentes áreas técnicas da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, que deu origem ao Programa Monitora Saúde Floripa. Os resultados preliminares indicam progresso na integração dos níveis de gestão, uso estratégico de dados para tomada de decisão e melhor alinhamento estratégico. Conclusão: O modelo proposto constitui uma ferramenta promissora para o avanço da gestão da saúde pública, enfatizando a decisão baseada em evidências e o alinhamento estratégico.
Evaluation of Antiulcer Activity for Selective and Functional Millet using Pylorus Ligation Induced Ulcer in Rat
Authors: Vanjari Archana V , Kumbhar Subhash T
Published: April 2024

Although millet has long been thought to have gastroprotective properties, much research does not assess its efficacy as a treatment for stomach ulcers. Currently, medication therapy is the primary clinical treatment for stomach ulcers. Antacids, cytoprotective medicines, proton pump inhibitors (PPI), H2 histamine receptor antagonists have many side effect and poor patient compliance. Hence, inexpensive, easily accessible, and with less negative effects, millets are an excellent and traditional source in the treatment of a variety of diseases like ulcers. In the present research, pearl millet, finger millet and sorghum millet formulation is used and toxicity and antiulcer activity are determined on wistar rats grouped in six different groups consisting of control, disease, standard, millet formulation, glycerin (gly.) vehicles and millet along with glycerin vehicle. After the test item was administered once at a solitary dosage of 2000 mg/kg, none of the treatment group animals showed several clinical indications of toxicity or mortality. In antiulcer activity, ulcer scoring was found to be less in group treated with millet and glycerin than in the diseased group and standard group and %inhibition was also increased in groups treated with millet with glycerine. Total acidity and pepsin estimation was done and these values for the millet group with glycerine were found within limit compared to disease control. The millet and glycerine treatment significantly inhibited lesions associated with stomach ulcers.
Simultaneous Estimation of Montelukast and Doxofylline in Bulk Drug and Tablet Dosage Form by UHPLC Method
Authors: Patil MA , Godge Rahul K , Dhamak KV , Mhaske SB
Published: April 2024

The study’s primary goal is to create a novel ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) technique that is exact, sensitive, and accurate. The primary goal is to calculate the dosages of montelukast and doxofylline in both pharmaceutical and bulk forms. A C18 (AGILENT) column was used to achieve the chromatographic separation of the drug and contaminants. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% OPA and 57:43% v/v methanol (a pH of 4.2 with TEA). The detection was performed at 278 nm utilizing UV detection. According to the results, dinoxyline and montelukast were effectively eluted at retention durations of 3.523 and 4.918 minutes, respectively, with the flow rate adjusted at 1.0 mL/dinoxyline, with good resolution. The suggested method demonstrated linearity in the dosage ranging from 1 to 5 μg/mL of montelukast and 40 to 200 μg/mL of doxofylline. The range of recovery percentages for montelukast and doxofylline is 100.565 to 101.061%. The method’s validation was carried out in compliance with the specifications of the International Symposium on Harmonisation, resulting in good precision, sensitivity, accuracy, linearity, specificity, and robustness. In conclusion, the developed method successfully separates and estimates doxofylline and montelukast. Its application in routine analysis of these compounds in pharmaceutical formulations is viable and reliable.
In-silico Docking and ADME Studies of Natural Phytoconstituents from Different Medicinal Plants as Potential HIV Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Authors: Kotadiya Manisha , Ajudia Ravi
Published: April 2024

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a serious global public health concern, having claimed more than 35 million lives to date. Human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase is an essential enzyme for viral replication. If the enzyme is blocked, viral replication may be dramatically reduced. Several human immunodeficiency virus medicines are available, though better effective treatments are always needed due to the drug confrontation and negative outcomes. According to prior research, several natural substances have a high affinity for the human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase enzyme. Flavonoid glycosides are some of these chemicals. This work aimed to get more ideas about phytocompounds with human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory effects utilising docking. From the results, the most suggested phytocompounds, those with the highest negative free energy to make complex were menthoside, morindin and sesaminol glucosides. This was due to the interactions of all three phytocompounds with key amino acid residues: Leu 100, Val 179, Tyr 318, Tyr 188, Val 106, Lys 101, Gly 190, His 235. Flavonoid glycoside (Menthoside) showed lowest binding energy with a docking score -10.6 kcal/mol.
In-vitro and In-vivo Anticancer Activity of Indigofera cordifolia against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma
Authors: Sana Sayed , Namratha J Risy
Published: April 2024

The research study investigated the anticancer properties of Indigofera cordifolia in relation to ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in mice. The substance was administered intraperitoneally at 10 mg per kilogram of body‑weight. The extract was supplied nine successive days and mice were euthanized after 24 hours since the previous dosage and after fasting for 18 hours. The antitumor impact was evaluated by measuring tumor dimensions, counting viable & non-viable cancer cells, measuring the weight of tumor, & analyzing hematological considerations of the host harboring EAC. A histopathological examination of the liver sections was conducted. The study found a statistically considerable (p < 0.001) improvement in endurance times for tumor-bearing mice treated with ethanolic extraction of I. cordifolia. The extract also reduced the weight of subjects with EAC tumors. Hematological analyses indicate a reduction in hemoglobin (Hb) levels in mice treated with EAC, while extract-treated animals showed a restoration of Hb levels close to normal. Noted with a statistically significant decrease (p <0.001) in red blood cell count up & boost in white blood cell count in mice supplied with the extract/fraction compared to those treated with EAC. The study stated that extract had noteworthy anticancer activity, which was equivalent to that of doxorubicin. The histological sections of the liver tissue showed enhanced hepatic architecture following treatment with a 400 mg/kg dosage of the test extract.
Solubility Enhancement of Palbociclib Supersaturable Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System by Central Composite Design
Authors: Chandran Rajinikanth , Krishnasamy Kathiresan
Published: April 2024

Nowadays, solid self-nano-emulsifying supersaturable drug delivery systems (S-SNEDDS) are being investigated to overcome the limitations of self-nano-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS). The current study established S-SNEDDS for better drug dissolution and stability. S-SNEDDS were made with saturated solubility capryol® 90, labrosol®, and transcutol® HP. The composition was optimized using ternary phase diagrams. Palbociclib-SNEDDS created droplet size (Y1), polydispersity index (PDI) (Y2), and 15-minute drug release (Y3) responses using the central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). To optimise SNEDDS (S1) and evaluate S-SNEDDS, several precipitation inhibitors (PIs) were introduced. The best formulation, S1, had a minimum particle size of 129.34 nm and a maximum zeta potential (ZP) of 28.6 ± 2.12 mV. Unlike other inhibitors, methylcellulose kept the medicine supersaturated. The optimized formulation (F3) had a higher ZP (-24.6 ±1.8 mV) and smaller particle size (118.42 ± 1.26 nm), making it more stable than regular SNEDDS amorphous palbociclib was found in S-SNEDDS utilizing differential scanning calorimetry (DLS) and X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD). F3 released >99% in 90 minutes, compared to 19% for pure drug dispersion and 95% for SNEDDS. Results showed that S-SNEDDS formulation improved palbociclib solubility and stability.
Efficacy of Oral Tramadol vs Tizanidine for Controlling Intraoperative Shivering among Patients undergoing Spinal Anesthesia: A Prospective Comparative Study
Authors: P Dinesh Kumar , B Arun Kumar , Brindha R , Eswari S B Janani
Published: April 2024

Background: Shivering is one of the most frequent postoperative side effects for patients receiving spinal anesthesia. The frequency of shivering varies but is generally between 40 and 50%. The presence of vasodilatation prior to shivering indicates that shivering among patients sustaining neuraxial anesthesia has been a typical thermoregulation mechanism. This study assessed and compared the efficiency of oral tizanidine and tramadol in lessening shivering intraoperatively among patients sustaining spinal anesthesia for urological procedures. Materials and Methods: The Department of Urology conducted this prospective, randomized comparative study of a tertiary care institute for a six-month period. About 100 patients who underwent spinal anesthesia in the Department of Urology for various procedures were selected into the study and assigned into the groups randomly (50 in each group). Group A included the patients who were given oral tramadol 50 mg for 90 minutes before surgery. Group B included the patients who were given oral tizanidine 4 mg for 90 minutes before surgery. Results: The mean age in the oral tramadol group (Group A) and oral tizanidine group (Group B) are 39.7 and 42.4 years, respectively. The oral tramadol (Group A) comprised 39 males and 11 females. The tizanidine group (Group B) comprised 37 males and 13 females. The oral tramadol group showed greater shivering than the oral tizanidine group. Conclusion: Oral tramadol and oral tizanidine have comparable efficacy to control intraoperative shivering, while oral tizanidine has more sedative effects than oral tramadol.
HPTLC Finger Print Development and Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Alstonia scholaris Linn. Root Extract
Authors: Sharma Saurabh , Goyal Swapnil
Published: April 2024

Aim: The present research is grounded in a comprehensive approach encompassing pharmacognostic study, high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) profiling, and the preparation and characterization of silver nanoparticles derived from the aqueous root extract of Alstonia scholaris Linn. R. Br. Methods: Successive extraction of root parts was conducted, and preliminary phytochemical screening was employed to identify the presence of primary and secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, glycosides, and tannins. HPTLC densitometric analysis of the aqueous root extract was performed using the CAMAG HPTLC system, yielding chromatograms scanned at wavelengths of 254 and 366 nm. The study further delves into the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles, utilizing the aqueous root extract. The reduction of silver ions and the subsequent formation of silver nanoparticles were monitored using a UV-vis spectrometer. Results: Phytochemical screening confirmed the diverse array of primary and secondary metabolites present in the aqueous root extract. HPTLC densitometric analysis provided chromatographic results, offering insights into the chemical composition at specific wavelengths. The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the plant extract demonstrated successful reduction of silver ions, with further investigation of particle size distribution through transmission electron microscope (TEM) and field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) revealing morphological characteristics of the prepared silver nanoparticles. Conclusion: The findings from this multidisciplinary study shed light on the pharmacognostic attributes, chemical composition, and green synthesis potential of A. scholaris Linn R. Br. The documented presence of bioactive compounds and the successful synthesis of silver nanoparticles underscore the therapeutic potential of this plant. These results contribute to understanding the plant’s medicinal properties and hold promise for future applications in healthcare and nanotechnology.
A Novel Metered Dose Inhalation Formulations with Formoterol 6 Mcg and Beclomethasone 200 Mcg by Using Breath Actuated Inhaler
Authors: VP Musale , PJ Shah
Published: April 2024

Metered spray inhalers represent a broadly utilized dosage form for delivering anti-asthmatic drugs to the pulmonary system. The drug-device combination formulation, which includes beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) and formoterol fumarate (FF), are widely employed for the treatment of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). The current formulation available in the market contains both active ingredients, FF and BDP, dissolved in a mixture of hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) 134a and ethanol are commonly used together as a co-solvent. However, individuals with religious or cultural concerns may opt to avoid using inhalers containing alcohol. In such cases, they may prefer non-alcoholic alternatives that are also accessible in the market. This study presents an innovative formulation strategy for metered-dose inhalers based on HFA that are non-alcoholic in combination therapy of FF and BDP inhalers. The novelty of the recently developed formulation lies in the substitution of ethanol with PEG 1000 as a co-solvent. Additionally, PEG 1000 serves the dual function of acting as a dispersing agent, thereby stabilizing the developed formulation. Moreover, it facilitates the delivery of synergistic effects by lubricating the valve components, ensuring smooth and flawless spray performance. The assay results for FF were 99.7 and 98.4%, while for beclomethasone, they were 101.0 and 99.7%, respectively, for pMDI and breath actuated inhaler (BAI). The percentage of emitted dose was 43.7 and 44.2% for pMDI, and 42.9 and 49.8% for BAI. Overall, both the developed conventional pMDI formulations and BAI exhibited efficient performance characteristics with equivalent performance.
Exploring the Binding Affinity and Molecular Interactions: A Comprehensive Study on the Molecular Docking of Benzimidazole Derivatives
Authors: Koparde Akshada A , Patil Rutuja S , Patil Shraddha D , Patil Anup A , Jadhav Namdeo R
Published: April 2024

The aim of this research work was to study the comparative binding affinities of benzimidazole derivatives (2-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole and 2-phenyl benzimidazole) against COX, LOX, and estrogen receptor. Benzimidazole stands as a vital heterocyclic aromatic organic molecule, playing a pivotal role in medicinal chemistry due to its essential pharmacophore and structural significance. The three-dimensional structures of COX, LOX, and the estrogen receptor were sourced from the PDB database. Concurrently, the structures of the benzimidazole derivatives, namely 2-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole and 2-phenyl benzimidazole, were obtained from the PubChem database. Docking studies were conducted using the PyRx software. A total of nine modes for each receptor were generated, and 2E77 was selected as the best dock. The docking result shows that the interaction of 2-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole with E77 has the highest binding energy. A total of nine modes for each receptor were generated, and 1CX2 was selected as the best dock. The docking result shows that the interaction of 2-phenyl benzimidazole with 1CX2 has the highest binding energy. The in-silico studies show that 2-phenyl benzimidazole has more binding energy with receptors as compared to 2-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole.
Formulation, Optimization and Evaluation of Solid SMEDDS of Itraconazole in Effervescent Granules Form
Authors: Patil Manisha R , Kshirsagar Sanjay K
Published: April 2024

This investigation assessed nine formulations of liquid self-micro-emulsifying drug delivery systems (L-SMEDDS) for itraconazole (ITZ). The most effective formulation (ILS6) consisted of 40% clove as the oil, 40% Kolliphor CS 20 as the surfactant, and 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 as the co-surfactant. ILS6 displayed a droplet size of 130 to 165 nm, well below 200 nm, and a polydispersity index (PDI) value of 0.47 to 0.73, indicating the development of an emulsion with nanosized droplets and even spreading. The finalized formulation demonstrated stability under numerous conditions and achieved supreme drug loading capacity. The optimized L-SMEDDS was solidified into solidified SMEDDS (S-SMEDDS) utilizing sylloid 244 FP, resulting in a free-flowing powder without drug interactions. The effervescent system was successfully formulated by incorporating S-SMEDDS with different excipients. The selected effervescent system passed quality control and stability tests. The effervescent system exhibited a rapid and pH-independent release profile. The combined impact of SMEDDS and the effervescent system collectively enhanced the solubility and dissolution of itraconazole.
Assessment of Biochemical Markers for Early Detection and Monitoring of Cardiovascular Diseases: Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure
Authors: Nai Sarath M , Pareek Ashutosh , Jamali Mohammad C
Published: April 2024

This paper comprehensively analyzes biochemical markers for early detection and monitoring of myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure (HF). It begins by examining traditional biomarkers like troponin for MI and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) for HF, discussing their roles, limitations, and clinical challenges. The study then explores emerging genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic biomarkers, assessing their potential for more precise and personalized diagnostics than traditional markers. Additionally, the thesis investigates how these novel biomarkers can be integrated with digital health technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, to enhance diagnostic accuracy and develop patient-specific treatment strategies. It also considers the role of these biomarkers in preventive cardiology, particularly in identifying individuals at risk before symptoms appear. The thesis concludes by emphasizing the importance of advanced diagnostic tools in early detection and monitoring of MI and HF, the promising future of personalized medicine in cardiovascular disease care, and suggests directions for future research. The overall aim is to contribute to improved patient outcomes and better management of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) globally.
The Role of Anti-Caries Agent Sodium Fluoride Application in Rampant Caries Patients
Authors: Ahmed Shadab , T Nagaland , Archana PS , Jayaraj Merlin
Published: April 2024

Background: Rampant caries poses a significant challenge in dental practice, particularly in patients with compromised oral health. Sodium fluoride (NaF) has long been recognized for its caries-preventive properties due to its ability to enhance remineralization and inhibit demineralization of dental enamel. However, its specific role in managing rampant caries remains a subject of investigation. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial involving 50 patients diagnosed with rampant caries was conducted. The patients were divided into two groups: Group A received topical applications of NaF and group B received standard oral care without NaF application. The NaF group received biweekly applications of 2.26% NaF gel for a period of six months. Clinical evaluations and radiographic assessments were conducted at baseline and after the intervention period. Results: Following the six-month intervention, patients in group A demonstrated a significant reduction in caries progression compared to group B. The mean number of new carious lesions was 3.2 ± 1.5 in group A, whereas it was 6.8 ± 2.3 in group B (p < 0.001). Additionally, radiographic analysis revealed a higher rate of remineralization in group A, with a mean increase in mineral density of 15.4 ± 3.8% compared to 5.6 ± 2.1% in group B (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Topical application of NaF demonstrated efficacy in managing rampant caries by reducing caries progression and promoting remineralization of dental enamel. Incorporating NaF into the treatment regimen for patients with rampant caries can serve as an effective preventive measure to mitigate the disease burden and improve oral health outcomes.
Molecular Docking Analysis of Potentilla fulgens Polyphenols against Estrogen Receptors Involved in Breast Cancer
Authors: Deore Sunita , Wagh Vinod , Tare Harshal , Kayande Nandu , Thube Ujjwala
Published: April 2024

Breast cancer is still a major worldwide health issue, which makes the search for new treatment options necessary. Through their interactions with estrogen receptors (ERs), polyphenolic chemicals from Potentilla fulgens may prove to be effective therapeutics for breast cancer treatment. This work investigates this possibility using molecular docking analysis. A curated library of polyphenols was compiled from the PubChem database, ensuring diversity and biological relevance. Crystallographic structures of ERα and ERβ were selected, and molecular docking studies were conducted using the CB-Dock2 server. The results revealed intricate binding affinities, with compounds such as afzelechin, epiafzelechin, epicatechin, and catechin demonstrating robust interactions with both receptors. Structural analysis of cavity pockets in ERα and ERβ unveiled distinct features, highlighting variations in volume, center coordinates, and size. Comparison with the standard tamoxifen indicated nuanced binding patterns, suggesting potential alternatives or complementary agents. Epigallocatechingallate exhibited higher affinity for ERα, while afzelechin (4β→8) epicatechin and epiafzelechin (4β→8) epicatechin showed moderate binding favoring ERβ. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular interactions of P. fulgens polyphenols with ERs, laying the groundwork for the development of targeted interventions for breast cancer.
In-silico Discovery of Potential Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cell Division Protein FtsZ Inhibitors: A Natural Ligand Piperine-Derived 3-Point Pharmacophore Screening and Structure-Guided Blind Docking Study
Authors: Deore Sunita , Wagh Vinod , Thube Ujjwala , Kayande Nandu , Tare Harshal
Published: April 2024

This research employs a computational strategy to identify potential inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis FtsZ, a crucial cell division protein. The crystal structure of FtsZ was meticulously validated, serving as the foundation for pharmacophore-based virtual screening and subsequent molecular docking simulations. Piperine, a natural ligand derived from black pepper, guided the development of a 3-point pharmacophore model, which successfully screened a diverse chemical database. Ten top-ranking compounds emerged with promising pharmacophore scores, demonstrating potential interactions with the FtsZ binding site. Molecular docking simulations revealed specific compounds, including ZINC000012440615 and ZINC000014658239, displaying consistent preferences for pocket C5 and C1, respectively. The structural analysis of FtsZ unveiled a diverse set of pockets (C1–C5) with varying volumes and sizes, emphasizing the complexity of the protein’s architecture. These findings provide crucial insights into potential inhibitors for further experimental validation and drug development against M. tuberculosis.
Sensitive Quantification of Antiretroviral Trio in Plasma: Lamivudine, Zidovudine, and Nevirapine by LC-MS/MS with Abacavir
Authors: Shelke Ashwini , Lokhande Tushar , Pardeshi Vaishali
Published: April 2024

This study centers on creating and confirming a specialized liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS) bioanalytical technique for accurately measuring the levels of lamivudine, zidovudine, and nevirapine in human plasma. The approach utilizes abacavir as a reference point. The utilization of positive ionization mode, solid-phase extraction (SPE) technology, and the deliberate addition of formic acid in the mobile phase played a crucial role in enhancing the sensitivity of the approach. The purity advance C18 column exhibited superior performance, ensuring favorable peak shapes and responses even at low concentrations. Rigorous method validation, in accordance with international guidelines, confirmed the method’s reliability, meeting acceptance criteria for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness. Successful application to patient samples highlighted the method’s practical utility for routine monitoring and quality control in pharmaceutical and clinical settings. The paper discusses comprehensive findings, suggesting further optimization for simultaneous determination and emphasizing the potential for broader applications in pharmacokinetic studies and therapeutic drug monitoring.
Comparative Study using Dexmedetomidine- Propofol vs Fentanyl- Propofol in Short Surgical Procedure a Prospective Randomised Study
Authors: Roshan GP , Jassim NM , Thilaak Prabhu , Brindha R
Published: April 2024

Background: I-gel is a supraglottic airway device (SGAD) in the second generation offers reduced air passage complications in contrast with other SGADs with inflatable cuffs. Propofol combined with opioids facilitates its insertion. This study aimed to compare dexmedetomidine and fentanyl pre-treatment for i-gel insertion under propofol anesthesia in terms of jaw relaxation, hemodynamic stability, and overall insertion conditions. Methods: Methods: In this prospective, randomized trial, 60 individuals (18–60 years old, ASA I–II) were allocated at random to undergo anesthesia with either 1 μg/kg of fentanyl or 1 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine, followed by 2 mg/kg of propofol. Jaw relaxation, hemodynamic parameters (modified Lund and Stovener scheme), and propofol requirement were assessed. Results: Both groups achieved comparable I-gel insertion conditions (excellent in 66.7% with fentanyl and 63.3% with dexmedetomidine). However, dexmedetomidine showed a significantly lower mean heart rate compared to fentanyl. Propofol requirements were slightly higher in the fentanyl group (2.03 vs. 1.40 mg/kg). Conclusions: Comparable general conditions are offered by fentanyl and dexmedetomidine for i-gel insertion with propofol. While both offer hemodynamic stability, dexmedetomidine exhibits superior attenuation of the heart rate response and reduced propofol requirement, potentially leading to improved patient outcomes.
Formulation Development and Evaluation of Brivaracetam Extended-Release Tablets by QbD Approach
Authors: Pund Atul , Mundada Atishkumar
Published: April 2024

This research article outlines a systematic and science-based approach to formulate extended-release tablets of brivaracetam (BRV) by means of quality by design (QbD) method. BRV, a potent antiepileptic drug, faces challenges due to its short half-life, necessitating twice-daily dosing and impacting patient adherence. The study focuses on addressing these challenges through the development of extended-release tablets, aiming for once-daily dosing to enhance patient compliance and adherence. QbD is a systematic approach to developing pharmaceuticals, focusing on proactive risk management and quality assurance. It is supported and recommended by regulatory bodies. QbD, seeks to enhance processes and guarantee consistent product quality by engaging in activities such as establishing target profiles and identifying crucial qualities. Feasibility trials involve the identification of optimal polymers and concentrations following USP regulations. Materials, including Vivapur 200, HPMC K4 M, Blanose 7H4XF, HPMC K-200, magnesium stearate, SYLOID 244 FPFP, and brivaracetam, are carefully selected. The formulation process includes precise weighing, blending, tablet compression, and quality control tests. Dissolution testing under simulated physiological conditions assesses drug release, with UV spectrophotometry quantifying brivaracetam release. Evaluation of pre-compression parameters ensures a thorough understanding of powder blend characteristics. The study further presents the results and discussion on physical parameters and dissolution studies of feasibility trial formulations. In conclusion, the research establishes a foundation for the formulation development of extended-release BRV tablets, emphasizing the importance of the QbD approach in achieving optimal drug release profiles. The identified formulation (BRERT-17) is highlighted as the most promising, paving the way for future advancements in epilepsy management with improved patient compliance.