bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parasitoid community responds indiscriminately to fluctuating spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and other caterpillars on balsam fir (Pinaceae)
Authors: Greyson-Gaito Christopher J. , McCann Kevin S. , Fründ Jochen , Lucarotti Christopher J. , Smith M. Alex , Eveleigh Eldon S.
Published: April 2021

The world is astoundingly variable, and organisms – from individuals to whole communities – must respond to variability to survive. One example of nature’s variability is the fluctuations in populations of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), which cycle every 35 years. In this study, we examined how a parasitoid community altered its parasitism of budworm and other caterpillar species in response to these fluctuations. Budworm and other caterpillar species were sampled from balsam fir (Pinaceae) in three plots for 14 years in Atlantic Canada, then were reared to identify any emerging parasitoids. We found that the parasitoid community generally showed an indiscriminate response (i.e., no preference, where frequencies dictated parasitism rates) to changes in budworm frequencies relative to other caterpillar species on balsam fir. We also observed changes in topology and distributions of interaction strengths between the parasitoids, budworm, and other caterpillar species as budworm frequencies fluctuated. Our study contributes to the hypothesis that hardwood trees are a critical part of the budworm–parasitoid food web, where parasitoids attack other caterpillar species on hardwood trees when budworm populations are low. Taken together, our results show that a parasitoid community collectively alters species interactions in response to variable budworm frequencies, thereby fundamentally shifting food-web pathways.
Effect of exercise training on gene expression of adiponectin and its receptors in testicles and sex hormones in diabetic rats
Authors: Nadi Zahra , Bayat Mohammad , Karami Hadi , Parastesh Mohamad , Bayat Parvin Dokht
Published: April 2021

Adiponectin and its receptors are expressed in the male reproductive system, which play a role in regulating male sex hormones and fertility. Diabetes was induced by Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide (STZ-NA i.p) in rats and after performing the trainings, adiponectin gene expression and its receptors in the testis were evaluated using real time PCR, and blood serum was then used in order to assess FSH, LH and testosterone. The STZ-NA significantly increased the fasting blood glucose, gene expression of adiponectin AdipoR1 in the testicles of diabetic rats. A significant reduction in serum testosterone and LH levels were observed in the diabetic group. Resistance and endurance training decreased blood glucose, adiponectin and AdipoR1 gene, and also increased the serum testosterone and LH levels in diabetic rats. Overall, our data suggest the role played by training in improve expression of adiponectin and AdipoR1 gene by increasing the serum testosterone and LH levels in type 2 diabetic rats.
Shoulder arthroplasty in dwarfism: A case report of pseudoachondroplasia with 17-year follow-up
Authors: Gasbarro Gregory , Galvin Joseph W. , Prete Alexander , Barghi Ameen , Obeidallah Aisha , Warner Jon J.P.
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this case report is to report the long-term outcome following shoulder hemiarthroplasty in a patient with dwarfism. A 60-year old female with pseudoachondroplasia dwarfism presented 17 years post-operative with a Subjective Shoulder Value of 90% and minimal pain. Custom designed implants were critical for surgical success. Preoperative planning with a CT scan was important in assessing glenoid dysplasia and determining the feasibility of glenoid resurfacing. The emergence of 3D CT virtual preoperative planning tools can further assist in the recognition of deformity to determine if custom designed implants are needed. Shoulder arthroplasty in dwarfism can lead to excellent long-term outcomes.
Shoulder-Abduction Angle and Trapezius Muscle Activity During Scapular-Retraction Exercise
Authors: Kara Dilara , Harput Gulcan , Duzgun Irem
Published: April 2021

Context

Scapular-retraction exercises are often prescribed to enhance scapular stabilization.

Objective

To investigate upper trapezius (UT), middle trapezius (MT), and lower trapezius (LT) activities and UT/MT and UT/LT ratios during scapular-retraction exercises with elastic resistance at different shoulder-abduction angles.

Design

Descriptive laboratory study.

Setting

Biomechanical analysis laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

Thirty-five asymptomatic individuals.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Surface electromyography was used to evaluate UT, MT, and LT activities during the scapular-retraction exercise at 0°, 45°, 90°, and 120° of shoulder abduction.

Results

The mean muscle activity ranged from 15.8% to 54.7% maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) for UT, 30.5% to 51.6% MVIC for MT, and 21.4% to 25.5% MVIC for LT. A significant muscle × angle interaction was found (P < .001). Post hoc analysis revealed that the MT was more activated than the UT and LT during both retraction at 0° (P < .001 and P = .01, respectively) and 120° (P = .03 and P = .002, respectively). During retraction at 45° and 90°, the LT generated less activity than the UT (P = .02 and P = .03, respectively) and MT (P < .001 and P = .002, respectively). Further, UT/MT and UT/LT ratios during retraction at 0° were lower than at 45° (P = .03 and P = .001, respectively) and 90° (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively). Retraction at 90° resulted in a higher UT/LT ratio than at 45° (P = .004) and 120° (P = .004).

Conclusions

Due to less UT relative to MT activity, retraction at 0°, 45°, and 120° can be preferable in early shoulder training or rehabilitation. Additionally, retraction at 90° was the most effective exercise in activating all parts of the trapezius muscle.
Changes in the Health of Adolescent Athletes: A Comparison of Health Measures Collected Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: McGuine Timothy A. , Biese Kevin M. , Petrovska Labina , Hetzel Scott J. , Reardon Claudia L. , Kliethermes Stephanie , Bell David R. , Brooks Alison , Watson Andrew M.
Published: April 2021

Context

In spring 2020, schools closed to in-person teaching and sports were cancelled to control the transmission of COVID-19. The changes that affected the physical and mental health among young athletes during this time remain unknown.

Objective

To identify changes in the health (mental health, physical activity, and quality of life) of athletes that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Sample recruited via social media.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 3243 Wisconsin adolescent athletes (age = 16.2 ± 1.2 years, 58% female) were surveyed in May 2020 (During COVID-19). Measures for this cohort were compared with previously reported data for Wisconsin adolescent athletes (n = 5231; age = 15.7 ± 1.2 years, 47% female) collected in 2016 to 2018 (PreCOVID-19).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Demographic information included sex, grade, and sport(s) played. Health assessments included the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Item to identify depression symptoms, the Pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale to gauge physical activity, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 to evaluate health-related quality of life. Univariable comparisons of these variables between groups were conducted via t or χ2 tests. Means and 95% CIs for each group were estimated using survey-weighted analysis-of-variance models.

Results

Compared with preCOVID-19 participants, a larger proportion of During COVID-19 participants reported moderate to severe levels of depression (9.7% versus 32.9%, P < .001). Scores of the During COVID-19 participants were 50% lower (worse) on the Pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale (mean [95% CI] = 12.2 [11.9, 12.5] versus 24.7 [24.5, 24.9], P < .001) and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 compared with the PreCOVID-19 participants (78.4 [78.0, 78.8] versus 90.9 [90.5, 91.3], P < .001).

Conclusions

During the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescent athletes described increased symptoms of depression, decreased physical activity, and decreased quality of life compared with adolescent athletes in previous years.
Management of External Cervical Resorption using Mineral Trioxide Aggregate
Authors: Himasindhu Uppalapati , Suneelkumar Chinni , Lavanya Anumula , Swapna Sannapureddy
Published: April 2021

External cervical resorption (ECR) is a relatively rare form of external root resorption, which may occur in any tooth in the permanent dentition. The etiology is usually obscure. It is characterized by its cervical location and the invasive nature; this resorptive process leads to the progressive and usually destructive loss of the tooth structure. It is often misdiagnosed, leading to improper treatment or unnecessary loss of the tooth. The article describes a case report of the ECR and its management. The salient features were a sizeable resorptive defect and localized fibrous growth located on the cervico-palatal aspect of the maxillary right central incisor. Treatment included root canal treatment, surgical exploration, and restoration of the defect with mineral trioxide aggregate. Proper diagnosis and the appropriate treatment is the key to a successful outcome in the management of ECR.
Prosthodontic Management of a Clinically Short Implant Abutment Due to the Deep Placement of a Single-Piece Implant – A New Approach
Authors: Femil Jilta C. , Harsha Kumar K. , Ravichandran R. , Nair Vivek V.
Published: April 2021

Maintaining the integrity of the connection between the prosthetic superstructure and the fixture plays an important role in the success of implant treatment. Implant restorations can be screw retained or cement retained, each having its own advantages and disadvantages. Nowadays, cemented restoration is commonly opted as it has several advantages for use as a fixed implant prosthesis such as passive cast, equal stress distribution, enhanced esthetics, lower cost, and less time-consumting. Despite higher success and survival rates of cement-retained prosthesis due to advanced materials and proven designs, mechanical failures like cementation failures are been reported. This may be due to the compromised retentive form of the abutment or bond failure. Here, a case is documented where the patient reported with frequent dislodgment of cement-retained crown due to compromised height of implant abutment in a deeply placed single-piece implant.
Assessment of Correlation Between Presence of Red Complex Bacterias and Periodontitis
Authors: Singh Malvika
Published: April 2021

Context:

Oral cavity offers diverse habitats to various species of different microorganisms; some of them under certain conditions cause loss of connective tissue and bone ultimately leading to periodontitis. Once such complex of bacteria often referred to as red complex bacteria consist of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia have been regarded as the one associated with severe form of periodontitis. With increasing advances in the field of medicine N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide (BANA) test, a modern chairside paraclinical method has been designed to detect the presence of one or more such bacteria. Aim: The aim of the study was to detect the presence of red complex bacteria in patients suffering from various forms of periodontitis using BANA test kit.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between the presence of red complex bacteria and the severity of periodontal disease.

Settings and Design:

A total of 150 patients suffering from various forms of periodontitis were selected for the study.

Subjects and Methods:

These were divided into three groups – Group I: mild periodontitis, Group II: moderate periodontitis, and Group III: severe periodontitis. Microbial parameters were recorded using BANA test.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Mann–Whitney test and Pearson's Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis.

Results:

Group III had significantly greater percentage of BANA-positive sites, followed by Group II and Group I.

Conclusions:

There is a positive correlation between the presence of red complex bacteria and the severity of periodontitis.
Sealing Ability of Zinc Oxide–Eugenol and Zinc Oxide–Aloe vera Combination as a Root Canal Sealer
Authors: Mehreen Kulsum N. , Borthakur Bikash Jyoti , Swathika B. , Ganesan S.
Published: April 2021

Background:

Zinc oxide–eugenol is the most commonly used sealer. However, it has irritating and cytotoxic effects. Therefore, research in this field was being carried out to develop newer root canal sealers. Aloe vera gel is known for its medicinal properties. Thus, an attempt has been made to replace eugenol with Aloe vera.

Aims:

To compare the sealing ability of zinc oxide–eugenol and zinc oxide–Aloe vera, as a root canal sealer by in vitro scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty freshly extracted single-rooted anterior teeth were selected and randomly divided into two equal groups. Access cavities were prepared, and canals were irrigated and instrumented followed by obturated with a zinc oxide–eugenol sealer and gutta-percha for Group I, whereas for Group II, zinc oxide–Aloe vera sealer was used with gutta-percha. The teeth were longitudinally split into two halves and subjected to SEM analysis to assess interface between obturating material and dentin.

Statistical Analysis:

Data obtained were analyzed by Student's t-test.

Results and Conclusions:

Zinc oxide–Aloe vera showed significantly better sealability as compared to zinc oxide–eugenol sealer (P ≤ 0.05). The analyzed data revealed that zinc oxide–Aloe vera as a root canal sealer is a better alternative to zinc oxide–eugenol.
Evaluation of Physician Burnout Syndrome among Pediatric Resident Doctors in Nigeria
Authors: Ikenna Ndu K. , Ewenitie Eki-Udoko F. , Chidiebere Osuorah D. I. , Uchenna Ekwochi , Isaac Asinobi N. , Ezinne Nwaneli I.
Published: April 2021

Background:

Medical practice and education are known to lead to emotional and mental exhaustion as well as physical tiredness among healthcare workers. This study analyzed the prevalence and factors associated with physician burnout syndrome (PBS) among resident doctors in paediatric across Nigeria.

Methodology:

This cross-sectional study was conducted among paediatric resident doctors across Nigeria using the public welfare questionnaire of the American Welfare Association comprising 28 questions related to sleep affectation, energy levels, personal relationships, professional relationships, quality of job environment, and work satisfaction.

Results:

117 residents were enrolled with varying degrees of burnout. The mean PBS score was 75.3 ± 19.1 with minimum and maximum scores of 32 and 125, respectively. The prevalence of Grades 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 PBSs was 3.7%, 4.9%, 28.1%, 42.7%, and 18.3%, respectively, while 63.4% of respondents exhibited signs of symptomatic PBS. The residents' rank (P = 0.05) was significantly associated with the prevalence of symptomatic PBS, while age (P = 0.567), gender (P = 0.755), number of years in training (P = 0.411), marital status (P = 0.173), number of children (P = 0.974), religion (P = 0.09), and prior knowledge of PBS (P = 0.719) had no association with the development of symptomatic PBS among surveyed resident doctors.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of PBS is high among paediatric resident doctors. There is an urgent need for the postgraduate medical colleges in collaboration with the Ministry of Health to formulate programmes that will help to balance social and professional lives among paediatric resident doctors in Nigeria.
Profile of Nonhypertensive Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Traders in the Calabar Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Ukweh Ofonime Nkechinyere , Oparah Sidney K. , Ukweh Ikechukwu Henry , Iya-Benson Joy N.
Published: April 2021

Background:

The global burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is mainly driven by modifiable risk factors, with sub-Saharan Africa as the region to bear the brunt of the increasing burden. Emphasis has been on hypertension while side-lining the others to variable extents. Furthermore, the work environment, which plays an important role in the social life of adults has received less attention. This study aimed to identify nonhypertensive modifiable cardiovascular risk factors among traders in an urban market in Calabar metropolis, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, we collected data on demographic characteristics and cardiovascular risk profile from eligible traders at Marian market, using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. The anthropometric and blood sugar measurements of the participants were duly obtained.

Results:

A hundred and fifty-one traders comprising 97 (64.2%) females and 54 (35.8%) participated in the study. Physical inactivity (58.3%), obesity (33.1%), risky alcohol consumption (17.9%), diabetes (9.9%), and cigarette smoking (2%) were the identified modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. A greater proportion of the females was obese compared to the males (P = 0.009), whereas the males had greater proportions with physical inactivity (P = 0.003), risky alcohol consumption (P = 0.026), and cigarette smoking (P = 0.022).

Conclusion:

The proportion of nonhypertensive cardiovascular risk factors was high in the traders, with physical inactivity, obesity, and risky alcohol consumption identified as the most prevalent. Preventive measures to mitigate the increasing burden of CVDs should be extended to traders.
Penile Fracture in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Ogbetere Friday Emeakpor , Otobo Odezi Fidelis
Published: April 2021

Background:

Penile fracture is an uncommon genitourinary emergency due to an abrupt trauma to an erect penis. Urgent exploration and repair of tunica albuginea tear is advocated. This study aimed to assess the etiology, presentation, location of the tear, and management outcome of penile fracture in two tertiary hospitals in southern Nigeria.

Patients and Methods:

Data were obtained retrospectively from the patients' health records in the two tertiary hospitals from April 2009 to March 2019. Their biodata, mechanism of injury, injury-to-presentation time, clinical features, location of the injury, the treatment offered, duration of hospital admission, and follow-up were studied.

Results:

Thirteen patients aged 22–54 years (mean 34.0 years) were treated within the 10-year study period. Ten (76.9%) had tertiary education, while 7 (53.8%) were married. Heterosexual intercourse accounted for penile fracture in 12 (92.3%) patients while rolling over an erect penis in bed in 1 (7.7%) case. Male-dominant sex position (n = 9; 69.2%) was the most predominant. In 8 (61.5%) patients, girlfriends/mistresses were involved. Most patients (n = 9; 69.2%) presented within 24 h, while one came after 7 days. All patients presented with penile pain, crackling sound, sudden detumescence, swelling, and penile deformity. The left corpus cavernosum was affected in 9 (69.2%) patients. Three patients (23.1%) had associated urethral injuries. All patients had surgical exploration and repair with minimal complications. Average hospital admission and follow-up duration were 6.7 days and 9.3 months, respectively.

Conclusion:

Heterosexual intercourse was the predominant cause of penile fracture in our study. Surgical management gave excellent outcomes even in delayed presentation.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Psychosocial Wellbeing of Dental Therapists in Nigeria
Authors: Umeizudike Kehinde Adesola , Ayanbadejo Patricia Omowunmi , Omidiran Debola Onaolapo , Ogundana Ayodele Charles , Akaji Ezi Abigail , Cardoso Janet Titilayo , Igbokoyi Adeyemi Victor
Published: April 2021

Background:

The first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019, as a highly contagious infection transmitted via droplets, and person-to-person contact. Airborne and aerosol transmission have also been implicated. Aerosol generating procedures such as scaling and polishing may increase the risk for developing COVID-19 in dental clinics, and may thus place some psychological strain on dental therapists. This study aimed to determine the psychosocial effect of COVID-19 on dental therapists in Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was carried out following ethical approval from the institutional Ethics Committee. Data collection was through self-administered online questionnaires and included socio-demographic characteristics. Psychosocial well-being was assessed using a five-point Likert scale that assessed the level of worry. Scores were summed up to obtain the mean (range 5–25). Statistical significance was set at a level of P ≤ 0.05.

Results:

The 192 respondents had a mean age of 28.0 ± 7.2 years, 96.9% were aware of COVID-19. Sixteen (8.3%) participants reported at least one medical condition. The mean psychosocial-wellbeing score was 18.4 ± 4.9. Most (90.1%) were worried about the COVID-19 pandemic, while 76% were severely worried about getting infected with COVID-19 in the dental clinic, and 72.9% were severely worried about the availability of personal protective equipment (PPE) in the clinic. Participants with self-reported medical conditions had a slightly higher psychosocial score (18.6 vs. 18.4), but this was not significant (P = 0.902).

Conclusion:

The psychosocial effect of the COVID-19 pandemic was considerable on the dental therapists. The provision of PPE, training on Infection Prevention and Control, and psychosocial support will reduce the psychosocial effect of COVID-19 on dental therapists in Nigeria as they are willing to ensure patients' safety.
Patterns of Antimicrobial Use in a Specialized Surgical Hospital in Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Nnadozie Ugochukwu Uzodimma , Umeokonkwo Chukwuma David , Maduba Charles Chidiebele , Onah Ifeanyichukwu I. , Igwe-Okomiso Dorothy , Ogbonnaya Iheuko S. , Onah Cosmas Kenan , Okoye Patric Chukwuemeka , Versporten Ann , Goossens Herman
Published: April 2021

Background:

Antimicrobial resistance remains a growing global health menace. One of the key actions to curb this menace by the World Health Organization is antimicrobial stewardship (AMS). A prescription protocol is one of the cost-effective AMS interventions in surgery. This study determines the patterns of antimicrobial usage in a hospital specialized in orthopedic and plastic surgeries care in Nigeria.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was carried out at National Orthopaedic Hospital Enugu, a tertiary hospital specialized in orthopedic and plastic surgeries in Southeast Nigeria in May 2019. All the inpatients were included in the study. A standardized tool for point prevalence survey was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using Epi Info version 7.2.4.

Results:

A total of 127 inpatients participated in the survey with 387 antimicrobial encounters. The most common reasons for antimicrobial use were for the treatment of community-acquired infections (65.0%) and prophylaxis (29.4%). The decision for their use was made majorly on an empirical basis (92.4%). The reasons for antimicrobial prescriptions were documented in the majority (97.5%) of the cases and stop review dates in all (100%) of the prescriptions. Ceftriaxone (25.7%), tinidazole (21.9%), and metronidazole (14.6%) were the commonest antimicrobials prescribed among the patients.

Conclusion:

Orthopedic and plastic surgery practices require tailored prophylactic antibiotic regimens in the tropics due to peculiarities of both the specialties and the subregion. The claim that existing protocols in the temperate regions may apply in the tropics has been questioned due to the microbial profile on the tropics.
Star flows and multisingular hyperbolicity
Authors: Bonatti Christian , da Luz Adriana
Published: April 2021

A vector field

X

is called a star flow if every periodic orbit of any vector field

C^1

-close to

X

is hyperbolic. It is known that the chain recurrence classes of a generic star flow

X

on a 3- or 4-manifold are either hyperbolic, or
singular hyperbolic
(see [MPP] for 3-manifolds and [LGW] for 4-manifolds).

As it is defined, the notion of singular hyperbolicity forces the singularities in the same class to have the same index. However in higher dimensions (i.e.

≥ 5

), [dL1] shows that singularities of different indices may be robustly in the same chain recurrence class of a star flow. Therefore the usual notion of singular hyperbolicity is not enough for characterizing the star flows.

We present a form of hyperbolicity (called
multisingular hyperbolicity
) which makes the hyperbolic structure of regular orbits compatible with the one of singularities even if they have different indices. We show that multisingular hyperbolicity implies that the flow is star, and conversely we prove that there is a

C^1

-open and dense subset of the open set of star flows which are multisingular hyperbolic.

More generally, for most of the hyperbolic structures (dominated splitting, partial hyperbolicity etc.) well defined on regular orbits, we propose a way of generalizing it to a compact set containing singular points.
Stability Regions of Fractional First Order Controllers Applied to Fractional Order Delay Systems
Authors: Saadaoui Karim
Published: April 2021

This paper focuses on the problem of stabilizing fractional order time delay systems by fractional first order controllers. A solution is proposed to find the set of all stability regions in the controller’s parameter space. The D-decomposition method is employed to find the real root boundary and complex root boundaries which are used to identify the stability regions. Illustrative examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach, and it is remarked that the stability region obtained for the fractional order controller is larger than the non-fractional controller.
The Role of Organizational Development in Achieving the Competitive Advantage of University of Hail as one of the requirements of The vision of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2030
Authors: Almutairi Nada Zwayyid , Rizk Eman Salah Ibrahim
Published: April 2021

The current study aimed to identify the role of organizational development (curricula - strategies) in achieving the competitive advantage of the University of Hail as one of the requirements of the Kingdom's Vision 2030, and to achieve this goal the study used the descriptive method. The study reached a number of results, the most important of which are: Hail University has a high degree in applying the curricula of organizational development practices, and a medium degree in applying organizational development strategies. It also achieved a high degree in its ability to achieve a competitive advantage. A positive correlation with statistical significance at the level of (0.01) was found between the application of curricula and strategies for organizational development at the University of Hail and its ability to achieve competitive advantage as one of the requirements of the Kingdom's Vision 2030 as seen by the academic leaders. The strategy of values and re-education was the one that most contributed to predicting the amount of impact on the ability to achieve the competitive advantage of the University of Hail as one of the requirements of the Kingdom's 2030 vision, followed by the strategy of strength - oppression and finally the career approach, and at the end of the study it was recommended that for the success of the competitive advantage at the University of Hail, more reliance should be placed on the career approach in organizational development processes by developing the philosophy, mission, goals and strategies of the organization in response to changes in the surrounding environment.
FOREIGN TRADE SPATIAL DYNAMICS AND PROMOTION OF AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Authors:   Ryazan State Agrotechnological University Named after P.A. Kostychev, Minat V.N.
Published: April 2021

As part of the study of agricultural production, as one of the leading export-oriented sectors of the US economy, the dynamics of foreign trade in American agricultural products, which is objectively recognizable in the categorical and economic evolution of spatial patterns, is considered. The latter are considered in the context of the global regional structure of agricultural exports and imports of the United States in 1946–2019 and the features of stimulating the export of American agricultural products in the context of the main regions and countries of the world for the same period of time. Based on the synthesis of historical/evolutionary and spatial approaches, methodologically filled with methods of abstract-logical and statistical-economic analysis of official American statistics, the provisions on geo-economic conjuncture, expansionism and protectionism of US foreign trade in the world/global agricultural market are empirically proved.
CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE BY OBJECT CONTENT: SOCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
Authors:   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Belik V.A.
Published: April 2021

The article considers the conceptual apparatus of transport, transport system and transport infrastructure and studies the existing classifications of transport infrastructure on the basis of their object content. The key characteristics of these classifications are determined and enlarged groups of infrastructure elements are identified, on the basis of which a consolidated grouping of transport infrastructure objects is formulated. The main problems of classification of transport infrastructure objects and approaches to their formation are identified. The author's classification of transport infrastructure elements is developed, including two new concepts: social transport infrastructure and industrial transport infrastructure. In order to justify the advantages of the author's classification, a detailed differentiation of infrastructure objects by means of transport within two new groups is made.
MODERN PROBLEMS OF CHANGES MANAGEMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA
Authors:   Samara State University of Economics, Zhabin A.P. , Kandrashina E.A. ,   Samara State University of Economics
Published: April 2021

The accelerating flow of changes in all spheres of society puts humanity in the face of the problem of determining its place and role in this flow. Should we follow the limits set by the parameters and conditions of the flow, or try to control it? The answer to this by no means idle question should be given first of all by university science – that part of science that produces not only new knowledge, but also the main resource for their practical implementation – competent people. Accordingly, universities should also be in the flow of changes and determine the goals, objectives and content of ongoing changes not only for society, but also for themselves. The basic contours of this personal identity process are already beginning to become clear. There is a consensus that the transformation of higher education should be managed. But many questions, both theoretical and practical, remain open. And the main among them is question of how and by whom this process should be managed. The article deals with the features of the current stage of development of management relations in higher education in Russia. The necessity of transforming university activities is shown. The conditions and approaches to making changes are described. The practical policy of implementing changes is analyzed. Suggestions for its improvement are put forward and justified.
La mujer combatiente en la propaganda de los grupos insurgentes. El caso de las FARC-EP./Female combatants in the propaganda of the insurgent groups. The case of the FARC-EP.
Authors: Roux Clément
Published: April 2021

Entre 2004 y 2016, la guerrilla colombiana de las FARC-EP pasó por varias mutaciones antes de firmar un acuerdo de paz que marcó el fin de su lucha armada. En cada una de estas etapas, lo que los guerrilleros llamaban “propaganda” ha jugado un papel central en la estrategia del grupo. Este artículo analiza 37 números de Resistencia, la revista publicada clandestinamente por las FARC-EP. Interroga críticamente la evolución de la representación de la mujer combatiente, elemento central del discurso fariano y de la guerra propagandística en Colombia. Revela dos estrategias sucesivas. En un primer tiempo, las FARC-EP desarrollaron un discurso de compensación simbólica, ofreciendo a las mujeres farianas constantes homenajes en su revista, pero dejando poco espacio para la expresión de la voz femenina. A partir de 2012, se observa una progresiva transversalización del género, que corresponde a la emergencia de figuras femeninas de primer plano tanto en la mesa de negociación como en las páginas de Resistencia. Confirmando los efectos materiales que puede tener el discurso feminista sobre las organizaciones insurgentes, el análisis también revela la persistencia en Colombia de estrategias discursivas que buscan reciclar estereotipos de género militarizados producidos por los actores armados durante la guerra.
Identifikasi Elemen Logistik Kota Batam Sebagai Hub Logistik Asean
Authors: Arifa Fikriya Zaharol Muna
Published: April 2021

Kota Batam merupakan salah satu kota yang potensial dikembangkan menjadi Hub Logistik ASEAN. Kondisi geografis yang berupa perbatasan Indonesia dan lokasi yang dekat dengan selat Malaka menjadikan Kota Batam banyak dilalui oleh kapal serta menjadi salah satu jalur logistik yang ramai. Dalam merencanakan pengembangan kualitas logistik maka perlu diketahui elemen prioritas logistik yang menjadi titik tumpu. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dari wawancara serta data sekunder dari jurnal kemudian dianalisa dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data yang diperoleh akan diolah dengan triangulasi, reduksi, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Elemen infrastruktur menjadi elemen prioritas yang harus dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas dan kapabilititas Kota Batam sebagai Hub Logistik ASEAN. Elemen tersebut dimasukkan pada elemen perencanaan strategic, tactical dan operasional berupa layanan pelanggan, ketersediaan tempat penyimpanan serta kemudahan akses termasuk di dalamnya pengembangan program logistik secara digital. Selain itu elemen tersebut berkaitan erat dengan kemudahan pengiriman, layanan logistik, tracking dan tracing serta mempercepat waktu pengiriman yang dikelola dan dikembangkan oleh BP Batam, Disperindag, PT Pelindo, MRO Hang Nadiem dan PT Citra Shipyard. Elemen kepabean dikelola langsung oleh Bea Cukai sebagai pemegang dan penegakan kebijakan hukum serta identitas lalu lintas barang. Identifikasi elemen logistik dapat menjadi titik ukur perencanaan pengembangan Kota Batam sebagai Hub Logistik ASEAN.
Kinerja Dinas Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Desa Kabupaten Gianyar dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat
Authors: Prabawati Ni Putu Anik , Ni Wayan Supriliyani
Published: April 2021

Abstrak

         Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja dari Dinas Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Desa Kabupaten Gianyar dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat di lingkungan kabupaten Gianyar. Mengetahui program-program yang dilaksanakan dalam memperdaya masyarakat serta realisasi program tersebut. Dalam mendapatkan data-data tersebut, maka penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, dengan menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa Dinas Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan desa telah melaksanakan kinerja sesuai dengan ketentuan indikator pengukuran kinerja dalam memberdayakan masyarakat. Terdapat berbagai jenis program pengembangan dan pemberdayaan yang dilaksanakan untuk mendorong perkembangan industri kreatif dalam masyarakat. Simpulan dari penelitian ini ialah kinerja Dinas Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Desa sudah efektif dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat di lingkungan Kabupaten Gianyar. Implikasi Penelitian ini ialah agar dapat dijadikan acuan oleh para pelaksana kegiatan pemberdayaan dalam memaksimalkan potensi daerahnya masing-masing.

Kata Kunci: Kesejahteraan; Masyarakat; Pemberdayaan
Peran Daerah Dalam Mengimplementasikan Program Sebagai Upaya Perlindungan Tindak Kekerasan Terhadap Anak Di Kabupaten Karimun Dalam Mewujukan Kota Layak Anak
Authors: Indrawan Indrawan
Published: April 2021

Anak merupakan aset sekaligus generasi penerus bangsa, sudah  seharusnya pemerintah daerah mengambil langkah Stategis untuk memenuhi perlindungan anak yang berkelanjutan. Pemerintah daerah sebagai perwakilan pemerintah yang pertama kali bersentuhan lansung dengan anak, harusnya mempunyai langkah Strategis yang langsung menyentuh akar persoalan terhadap anak, konsep pemenuhan perlindungan anak yang berkelanjutan oleh pemerintah daerah. Perlindungan anak ini merupakan bagian dari yang tidak terpisahkan didalam konstitutional Indonesia pun hal ini jelas diutarakan, jangan sampai dengan lemahnya perlindungan anak, akan membawa dampak kehancuran bagi kemajuan dan perkembangan bangsa Indonesia. Karena bangsa  ini kedepannya terletak di tangan seorang anak-anak indonesia
Teachers’ Perceptions of the Home-School Collaboration: Enhancing Learning for Children with Autism
Authors: Josilowski Chana
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to explore the relationship between teachers and students’ families and address the deficiencies in the body of research regarding the performance gap between children with autism and their age-equivalent peers. The research question was: How do teachers of children with autism perceive the home-school collaboration and its impact on learning? Ten state-certified special educators with at least 3 years’ experience teaching children with autism, and experience collaborating with their students’ families participated in face-to-face interviews, answering 8 open-ended questions in this generic qualitative study. Inductive thematic analysis yielded 6 themes: (a) collaboration improves learning, (b) communication is vital, (c) collaboration supports overall student improvement, (d) challenges impact collaboration, (e) parental involvement is imperative, and (f) teachers find ways to promote parental engagement. A strong home-school connection improved students’ ability to grasp material in the classroom, decreased the children’s anxiety and enhanced their sense of security; also, involved parents reinforced the learning process at home. Recommendations for future research include studying a larger sample to increase generalizability and covering a larger geographic area for better representation of the population.
Choose Your Words Wisely: Descriptions of a Professional Early Childhood Practitioner
Authors: Oke Ayooluwa , Butler Judith , O'Neill Cian
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to understand the components that determine quality early childhood education and Care (ECEC) from the views of practitioners and parents participating in the ECCE Scheme (2010). A major component of quality ECCE as identified by practitioners in this study related to professionalism in ECEC. This paper presents a critical view on traditional perspectives on what it means to be a professional within the context of ECCE. It seems that within the ECCE model, a professional practitioner is one who finds purpose in their work. However, they are also experts in ECCE. That is, a professional practitioner is knowledgeable in ECCE has a deep sense of respect and love for childhood as a distinct period in human growth and develop. These characteristics are the embodiment of a professional practitioner. To describe this phenomenon, this research coins the term “professional purpose.”
Breaking the Secrets behind the Polyglots: How Do They Acquire Many Languages?
Authors: Noprival Noprival , Rafli Zainal , Nuruddin Nuruddin
Published: April 2021

In this study, participants acquired three types of language, those are regional, national and foreign ones. The purpose of this research was to explore how Indonesian polyglots acquire several different languages. We collected data through demographic questionnaires and semi-structured interviews obtained from nine participants. Four salient themes and sub-themes that emerged in this research were (a) mastering languages through instructed learning (learning in formal educational institution and learning in informal educational institution), (b) gaining extra amounts of languages input beyond the classroom (getting more access to a national language environment and getting more access to foreign languages environment), (c) learning languages autonomously (self-directed learning through printed resources and self-directed learning through media and technology), and (d) acculturating with a new language group in society. The findings indicated that the polyglots acquired several different languages through a natural process, a learning process, and a mixture of both naturalistic as well as instructed experiences.
“Listen to Your Gut”: A Reflexive Approach to Data Analysis
Authors: Brown Nicole
Published: April 2021

Over the last two decades qualitative research has seen significant shifts towards the narrative, reflexive and creative. And yet, analytical frameworks do not seem to have stayed abreast of these developments. Using research into the construction of identity under the influence of fibromyalgia as an example, this paper seeks to exemplify a reflexive approach to data analysis that accounts for the researcher’s positionality as well as the increasingly untraditional, unconventional data stemming from creative data collection methods. The paper provides insight into data analysis and reflexivity and offers two practical examples of reflexive data analysis—an illustrated poem and an installation. After an outline of the processes and practical steps involved in the creation of these analytical outcomes, the paper concludes with thoughts relating to challenges, potential areas of application and a look to the future of this innovative approach to data analysis. In this approach, data analysis is in itself a form of knowledge generation through the process of assemblage and “listening to gut feelings.” This approach may be seen as unscientific, but given its advantages in relation to new insights, dissemination and communication of ideas, this approach is more fruitful than detrimental to developing qualitative research further.
The Perception of Students and Lecturer of Occupational therapy on the Importance of Involvement in Research Projects: The MIND & GAIT Project
Authors: Ribeiro Jaime , Carolina Noversa Ana , Soares Soares , Azevedo Joana , Gomes Patrícia , Braúna Costa Mônica , dos Anjos Coelho Rodrigues Dixe Maria , Daniela Costa Couto Filipa , Luís Alves Apóstolo João
Published: April 2021

Involvement in research is increasingly playing a crucial role in the training of higher education students, however, there isn’t much found on the literature on this particular subject. The present study aims to gauge the participants’ perception of pedagogical and scientific contributions in the development of research projects, specifically in the elaboration of a Cognitive Stimulation Program. Procedures followed a qualitative approach trough an exploratory descriptive case study research. For data collection, a semi-structured interview, a focus group, with key informants, and a questionnaire, were used for a set of participants (students and a professor) of the third year of Occupational Therapy Degree of the Polytechnic of Leiria. Data was processed resorting to content analysis according to Bardin and supported by WebQDA software. There was evidence of the pedagogical contributions, with perceived effective learning and scientific advancement, namely in the area of cognitive stimulation, particularly in the development of clinical reasoning. The students’ practical involvement in research projects enhanced learning and knowledge acquisition, as well the advancement of research practice.
Something for Everyone: A Review of Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing among Five Approaches
Authors: Tarnoki Cecilia , Puentes Katheryne
Published: April 2021

Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches (2018), by John W. Creswell and Cheryl N. Poth was written for anyone who is considering themselves to be researchers or interested in learning more about qualitative research. As students in doctoral programs studying family therapy at Nova Southeastern University, we felt that parts of the text were explicitly tailored toward the social sciences; however, the chapters are useful for anyone interested in qualitative research from many angles and aspects.
Fiction, Feminism, and Qualitative Research: An Interview with Dr. Patricia Leavy
Authors: Leavy Patricia
Published: April 2021

In this interview, sociologist Patricia Leavy introduces arts-based research, discusses how qualitative researchers can use fiction, and reviews her own practice of writing feminist novels including her latest release, Film.
OD OR NOT AN OD - A CASE STUDY ANALYSIS OF ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES IN GOVERNMENT SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS IN PAKISTAN
Authors:   Institute of Business & Technology, Karachi., Cheema Farooq-E-Azam
Published: April 2021

Purpose-Purpose of this case study and its analysis is to highlight the structural and functional changes in the government sector organizations in Pakistan undertaken under the name of organization development. Whereas, in fact, there is a great mismatch between the theory and practice of organizational development as far as the government sector organizations in developing countries like Pakistan go. Methodology-The study is based on comprehensive literature reviewed critically and the diverse factors affecting these two activities as tools of employee development identified including their prerequisites and possible barriers in the way of their introduction and application. Findings-In theory and practice both, Organizational development is aimed at improving an organization's performance and individual development of its employees. It focuses on the health of an entire organization rather than a particular group or certain individuals. This process requires the organization be viewed as a consistent system composed of many subsystems, the human resources being the most important one. Involvement of the people in the process of organizational development is hallmark of this process. Practical Implications-Findings of the case study have professional implications for the OD practitioners. They, perhaps, may not follow the OD good practices in certain OD interventions that are context specific like team-building, participatory management style, MBO, job enrichment, reward administration etc. similarly, nor can they suggest long term OD interventions keeping in view the ad hoc nature culture and system of such departments.
COMMON CHALLENGES IN VIETNAMESE-ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH-MAJORED JUNIORS AT TAY DO UNIVERSITY, VIETNAM
Authors: Phan Thi Minh Uyen , Nguyen Thi Thuy Hang , Ly Thi Tra My , Nguyen Ly Bao Ngan
Published: April 2021

It is undoubted that translation plays an indispensable role in exchanging information, news, culture, literature and sciences among people globally. In other words, translation facilitates communication and understanding between people who come from various cultures and speak different languages. Owing to the significance of translation, it is employed as a fundamental subject to English majored students. Nevertheless, it is not an easy subject for students to master. Thus, this study aimed at investigating the obstacles that students often encountered when translating texts from Vietnamese to English. This was a quantitative and qualitative research. The questionnaire and test paper were used as two major instruments to gain the most reliable findings. To achieve the goal, 74 English majored juniors from both English 10A and 10B at Tay Do University were selected as the sample for this research. The results showed that English majored juniors faced many challenges in Vietnamese-English translation, consisting of vocabulary, grammatical structures and cultural aspects.

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