bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Invention and characterization of a systemically administered, attenuated and killed bacteria-based multiple immune receptor agonist for anti-tumor immunotherapy
Authors: Newman Michael J.
Published: November 2024

Activation of immune receptors, such as Toll-like (TLR), NOD-like (NLR) and Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) is critical for efficient innate and adaptive immunity. Gram-negative bacteria (G-NB) contain multiple TLR, NOD and STING agonists. Potential utility of G-NB for cancer immunotherapy is supported by observations of tumor regression in the setting of infection and Coley’s Toxins. Coley reported that intravenous (i.v.) administration was likely most effective but produced uncontrollable toxicity. The discovery of TLRs and their agonists, particularly the potent TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-endotoxin, comprising ~75% of the outer membrane of G-NB, suggests that LPS may be both a critical active ingredient and responsible for dose-limiting i.v. toxicity of G-NB. This communication reports the production of killed, stabilized, intact bacteria products from non-pathogenic G-NB with ~96% reduction of LPS-endotoxin activity. One resulting product candidate, Decoy10, was resistant to standard methods of cell disruption and contained TLR2,4,8,9, NOD2 and STING agonist activity. Decoy10 also exhibited reduced i.v. toxicity in mice and rabbits, and a largely uncompromised ability to induce cytokine and chemokine secretion by human immune cells in vitro, all relative to unprocessed, parental bacterial cells. Decoy10 and a closely related product, Decoy20, produced single agent anti-tumor activity or combination-mediated durable regression of established subcutaneous, metastatic or orthotopic colorectal, hepatocellular (HCC), pancreatic, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) tumors in mice, with induction of both innate and adaptive immunological memory (syngeneic and human tumor xenograft models). Decoy bacteria combination-mediated regressions were observed with a low-dose, oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), anti-PD-1 checkpoint therapy, low-dose cyclophosphamide (LDC), and/or a targeted antibody (rituximab). Efficient tumor eradication was associated with plasma expression of 15-23 cytokines and chemokines, broad induction of cytokine, chemokine, innate and adaptive immune pathway genes in tumors, cold to hot tumor inflammation signature transition, and required NK, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, collectively demonstrating a role for both innate and adaptive immune activation in the anti-tumor immune response.
Exploring challenges and enablers for community pharmacists using electronic prescriptions (Wasfaty) in Makkah region, Saudi Arabia: a qualitative study using the theoretical domains framework
Authors: Alharthi Mohammed S.
Published: November 2024

Background

Transition to electronic prescribing (e-prescribing) systems, such as Wasfaty, represents a significant advancement in healthcare. Introduced by the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health in 2019, Wasfaty aims to enhance medication availability and streamline healthcare delivery. This study explores the challenges and enablers community pharmacists face when using the Wasfaty system in Saudi Arabia. This study uses the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to analyse behavioural and contextual factors influencing pharmacists’ adoption of electronic prescriptions. TDF identifies key challenges and enablers across multiple behavioural domains, making it well-suited for understanding complex healthcare implementation processes.

Methods

A qualitative study design was employed using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to understand factors affecting Wasfaty use. Participants were purposively sampled, focusing on community pharmacists experienced with Wasfaty prescriptions. Recruitment and interviews occurred from June to August 2024. Data saturation was achieved at 18 interviews. Transcripts were coded and mapped into TDF domains to identify barriers and enablers.

Results

Five key TDF domains influenced Wasfaty use: environmental context and resources; social influences; beliefs about capabilities; social/professional role and identity; and knowledge. Challenges included high prescription volumes, medication shortages, technical difficulties, resistance from elderly patients, and inconsistent training. Some pharmacists reported inadequate training as a barrier, while others highlighted effective programs as enablers.

Conclusion

Significant barriers, such as insufficient training and high prescription volumes, impede effective Wasfaty use. However, continuous training, prior experience with electronic systems, and organisational support were crucial enablers. Addressing these challenges through targeted interventions can enhance e-prescription efficiency, improving patient care and outcomes. Findings underscore the importance of ongoing professional development and supportive work environments in fostering pharmacists’ competence in electronic systems.
AKK-derived outer membrane vesicles alleviate indomethacin-induced mucin secretion reduction in LS174T cells by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Zhang Lijun , Ma Shuang , Liang Huixi , Chen Xin , Zhao Jingwen
Published: November 2024

Introduction

AKK-derived outer membrane vesicles (AKK-OMVs) have shown potential in modulating intestinal mucosal immunity by increasing the number of intestinal goblet cells. However, it remains unclear whether AKK-OMVs can directly regulate MUC2 secretion in goblet cells exposed to indomethacin in vitro and the underlying mechanisms involved.

Methods

The abnormal mucin secretion model in LS174T cells was established using indomethacin, with treatment including Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK) supernatant, AKK-OMVs, and extracellular vesicle removal supernatant. The effects of these treatment on MUC2 expression were observed. Transcriptomic sequencing analysis was used to explore the underlying regulatory mechanisms, which were further validated through qRT-PCR and western blotting.

Results

The treatment with AKK supernatant and AKK-OMVs alleviated the indomethacin-induced reduction in MUC2 secretion in goblet cells. Mechanistically, transcriptomic analysis showed that the gene expression associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were upregulated after indomethacin treatment in LS174T cells. This suggests that AKK-OMVs, as the active component in the supernatant, improved MUC2 expression by inhibiting ER stress.

Conclusion

AKK-OMVs can directly stimulate goblet cells to promote MUC2 secretion, providing potential for further in vivo studies to confirm their protective effects against indomethacin-induced intestinal injury.
Crystallographic insights into lipid-membrane protein interactions in microbial rhodopsins
Authors: Bukhdruker S. , Melnikov I. , Baeken C. , Balandin T. , Gordeliy V.
Published: November 2024

The primary goal of our work is to provide structural insights into the influence of the hydrophobic lipid environment on the membrane proteins (MPs) structure and function. Our work will not cover the well-studied hydrophobic mismatch between the lipid bilayer and MPs. Instead, we will focus on the less-studied direct molecular interactions of lipids with the hydrophobic surfaces of MPs. To visualize the first layer of amphiphiles surrounding MPs and analyze their interaction with the proteins, we use the available highest-quality crystallographic structures of microbial rhodopsins. The results of the structure-based analysis allowed us to formulate the hypothetical concept of the role of the nearest layer of the lipids as an integral part of the MPs that are important for their structure and function. We then discuss how the lipid-MPs interaction is influenced by exogenous hydrophobic molecules, noble gases, which can compete with lipids for the surface of MPs and can be used in the systematic approach to verify the proposed concept experimentally. Finally, we raise the problems of currently available structural data that should be overcome to obtain a more profound picture of the lipid-MP interactions.
Association between ideal cardiovascular health and bowel conditions among US adults
Authors: Wang Yiwen , Wang Zhigang
Published: November 2024

Objective

The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between ideal cardiovascular health (CVH), as assessed using the Life’s Essential 8 (LE8), and bowel conditions.

Methods

This cross-sectional study selected 11,108 participants aged ≥20 years from 2005 to 2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. LE8 scores (range 0–100) were measured according to American Heart Association definitions and were divided into health behavior and health factor scores. Bowel conditions including chronic diarrhea, constipation, and fecal incontinence were diagnosed by the Bowel Health Questionnaire. Weighted logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were used for correlation analysis.

Results

Logistic regression results showed that LE8 scores were negatively associated with chronic diarrhea and fecal incontinence, but the difference with chronic constipation was not statistically significant. The health behaviors subscale was also negatively correlated with chronic diarrhea, chronic constipation, and fecal incontinence, but health factors were negatively related to chronic diarrhea and fecal incontinence and positively related to chronic constipation. The RCS was consistent with the trend of the logistic regression findings. Sensitivity analyses reconfirmed these outcomes.

Conclusion

LE8 is highly associated with chronic diarrhea and fecal incontinence, not with chronic constipation. Encouraging optimization of CVH levels may be beneficial for bowel disorders, and prevention of bowel disorders may enhance CVH.
Association between serum carotenoids and hyperuricemia: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES 2001–2006
Authors: Chen Pengfei , Miao Lina , Zhang Lixiao , Du Jianpeng , Guo Ming , Shi Dazhuo
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the association between serum carotenoids and hyperuricemia.

Methods

Data were sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2001 and 2006. Hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid (UA) levels of ≥7 mg/dL for males and ≥ 6 mg/dL for females. Serum carotenoid levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the correlation between serum carotenoids and UA levels. Multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were performed to explore the potential association between serum carotenoids and hyperuricemia. Additionally, subgroup and interaction analyses were conducted to determine variations across different population groups.

Result

This cross-sectional study included 13,561 participants. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that higher levels of serum carotenoids were correlated with lower UA levels. Specifically, the beta coefficients (β) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were as follows: α-carotene (−0.23 [−0.31, −0.15]), β-carotene (−0.30 [−0.38, −0.21]), β-cryptoxanthin (−0.17 [−0.25, −0.09]), lutein/zeaxanthin (−0.12 [−0.20, −0.04]), and total serum carotenoids (−0.25 [−0.33,-0.16]). However, lycopene showed no significant correlation with UA (−0.01 [−0.09, 0.08]). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicates a significant inverse association between serum carotenoids and the risk of hyperuricemia. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95%CIs were as follows: α-carotene (0.61 [0.49, 0.77]), β-carotene (0.67 [0.51, 0.86]), β-cryptoxanthin (0.69 [0.51, 0.88]), lutein/zeaxanthin (0.72 [0.56, 0.97]), lycopene (0.82 [0.67, 1.00]) and total serum carotenoids (0.73 [0.57, 0.92]). RCS analysis indicated a potential nonlinear relationship between lycopene and hyperuricemia, with an inflection point at 33.45 μg/dL. Subgroup and interaction analyses demonstrated that the inverse association remained consistent across various demographic groups.

Conclusion

This study found that higher serum carotenoid levels are associated with lower UA levels and reduced risk of hyperuricemia. Notably, while lycopene was associated with reduced hyperuricemia risk, its effect showed some heterogeneity.
Angle-of-approach and reversal-movement effects in lateral manual interception
Authors: Ledouit Simon , Borooghani Danial , Casanova Remy , Benguigui Nicolas , Zaal Frank T. J. M. , Bootsma Reinoud J.
Published: November 2024

The present study sought to replicate two non-intuitive effects reported in the literature on lateral manual interception of uniformly moving targets, the angle-of-approach (AoA) effect and the reversal-movement (RM) effect. Both entail an influence of the target trajectory’s incidence angle on the observed interceptive hand movements along the interception axis; they differ in the interception location considered. The AoA effect concerns all trajectory conditions requiring hand movement to allow successful interception, while the RM effect concerns the particular condition where the target will in fact arrive at the hand’s initial position and no hand movement is therefore required but nevertheless regularly produced. Whereas the AoA effect has been systematically replicated, the RM effect has not. To determine whether the RM effect is in fact a reproducible phenomenon, we deployed a procedure enhancing the uncertainty about the target’s future arrival locations with respect to the hand’s initial position and included low-to-high target motion speeds. Results demonstrated the presence of both the AoA effect and the RM effect. The AoA effect was observed for all relevant interception locations, with the effect being stronger for the farther interception locations and the lower target speeds. The RM effect, with the hand first moving away from its initial position, in the direction of the target, before reversing direction, was observed in a higher proportion of trials for target trajectories with larger incidence angles and lower speeds. Earlier initiation gave rise to reversal movements of larger amplitude. Both effects point to visual guidance of hand movement partially based in reliance on information with respect to current lateral ball position. We conclude that the information used in lateral manual interception is of an intermediate order, which can be conceived as resulting from a partial combination of target position and velocity information or information in the form of a fractional order derivative.
Efficacy of acupuncture combined with mirror therapy in the treatment of post-stroke limb movement disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Ke Weihao , Cheng Hongxin , Ren Xiaoxuan , Yang Liang , Lai Xiaomin , Wang Zhenyu
Published: November 2024

Objective

To investigate whether the combination of acupuncture and mirror therapy can improve motor impairment in stroke patients.

Design

A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Data sources

CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, Embase, Vip, web of since, Cochrane database and CBM database.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

The included randomized controlled trials compared the efficacy of acupuncture therapy (AT) combined with mirror therapy (MT) against AT, MT, and conventional rehabilitation therapy on limb motor impairment in stroke patients, with independent data extraction and study quality assessment conducted. A META analysis using fixed-effect and random-effect models was performed to calculate the mean difference (MD) in motor scores and the Total effective rate RR (Risk ratio) between the AT combined with MT group and the control group.

Main outcome measures

The Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) for motor function includes the FMA-T (total FMA), FMA-UE (upper extremity FMA), and FMA-L (lower extremity FMA).

Results

A total of 42 randomized controlled trials were included, involving 3,340 patients with post-stroke motor impairment. AT combined with MT was more favorable for FMA-UE (mean difference [MD] = 6.67, 95% CI [5.60–7.93], Z = 11.42, P < 0.0001), FMA-L [MD = 3.37, 95% CI (2.99–3.76), Z = 17.31, P < 0.001], and FMA-T [MD = 6.84, 95% CI (5.92–7.77), Z = 14.48, P < 0.001]. The combined AT and MT treatment was more favorable for the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) score in post-stroke motor impairment [MD = 10.82, 95% CI (8.52–13.12), Z = 9.22, P < 0.001]. AT combined with MT was more favorable for the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) [MD = −0.34, 95% CI (−0.66 to −0.03), Z = 14.48, P < 0.001]. AT combined with MT was more favorable for the Total effective rate in treating post-stroke motor impairment (relative risk = 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.19–1.37], Z = 6.54, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

AT combined with MT can effectively improve patients’ motor function and daily living abilities.

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO, identifier, CRD42024559992.
Model Reference Adaptive System of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Current Residual Compensation Without Position Measurement
Authors: Cao Yuanchao , Ren Xing , Guo Qing , Zhan Haoran , Li Wei , Wu Guicheng , Long Qiang
Published: November 2024

There exists an inaccurate measurement problem in permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) due to low motor speed operation, high temperatures and humid environments, which will degrade the motion performance and stability of PMSMs. In this study, a model reference adaptive system without position measurement is presented in a PMSM to improve the output performance with external disturbance suppression caused by an environmental change. Firstly, a PI adaptive estimation law is designed to identify the motor speed. Then, a optimization method based on the sliding mode variable structure technique is proposed to realize the stability augmentation of the speed loop by using the parametric fuzzy logic design. To reject the current loop noise, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) is adopted to compensate the input signal in the current loop. The effectiveness of this proposed method is verified via a numerical simulation in the case of different speeds and external loads.
Detection of Bombyx mori as a Protein Source in Feedingstuffs by Real-Time PCR with a Single-Copy Gene Target
Authors: Marien Aline , Dubois Benjamin , Anselmo Abigaël , Veys Pascal , Berben Gilbert , Kohl Cloé , Maljean Julien , Guillet Stéphanie , Morin Jean-François , Debode Frédéric
Published: November 2024

The silkworm, Bombyx mori, is reared on a large scale, mainly for silk production. The waste from this silk production, like pupae, is underused. As an edible insect, B. mori is a good source of protein in human food and animal feed. In recent years, European legislation on the use of insects has evolved and a multitude of European companies have initiated the rearing of insects specifically for food and feed applications. Regarding animal feed, Commission Regulations (EU) 2021/1372 and 2021/1925 authorize eight insect species, including silkworm, as processed animal proteins for use in fish, pig, and poultry feed. The incorporation of edible insects into the human diet falls within Regulation (EU) No. 2015/2283 concerning novel foods. Implementation of authentication methods is imperative to ensure the conformity of the products. In the present study, we propose a specific real-time PCR method for the detection of silkworm (B. mori). The developed PCR test amplifies a 98 bp fragment of the cadherin gene. This gene is present in a single-copy per haploid genome, as demonstrated by experimental evidence. The qualitative method was successfully evaluated on the performance criteria of specificity, sensitivity, efficiency, robustness, and transferability. The applicability of the test was assessed on samples of B. mori from industry. Light microscopy and DNA metabarcoding approaches were used as a complement to genomic analysis as a means of providing authentication of the samples.
Factors Influencing Adoption of the PlantVillage Nuru Application for Cassava Mosaic Disease Diagnosis Among Farmers in Benin
Authors: Ahoya Dèwanou Kant David , Sawadogo-Compaore Eveline Marie Fulbert Windinmi , Yabi Jacob Afouda , Zandjanakou-Tachin Martine , Houngue Jerome Anani , Houedjissin Serge Sètondji , Pita Justin Simon , Ahanhanzo Corneille
Published: November 2024

Cassava production in Africa is constrained by number of biotic factors, including cassava mosaic disease (CMD). In response to this challenge, the PlantVillage Nuru application, which employs artificial intelligence for CMD diagnosis, provides farmers with the ability to independently detect the disease. This study examines the factors influencing the adoption of the innovative Nuru application by farmers in Benin. Data were randomly collected from 305 farmers in three Agricultural Development Poles (PDAs 5, 6 and 7). A binary logit model was used to analyze the determinants of adoption. The results show that, despite the potential of the Nuru application, the adoption rate remained relatively low at 14.1%. The key drivers of adoption were found to be participation in CMD training, disease knowledge, ownership of an Android smartphone, education level and practice of crop association. These findings emphasize the necessity of intensifying farmers’ training and raising awareness about CMD. Effective strategies to reach and train a significant number of farmers are crucial. Enhancing Nuru adoption can lead to more effective CMD management and improved cassava production, which will have a positive impact on food security in Africa and strengthen the resilience of farming communities against biotic challenges.
Growth and Yield Response of Soybean (Glycine max L.) in Relation to Sowing Date in the Southern Region of South Korea
Authors: Seo Jinhee , Park Jaesung , Choi Mansoo , Jung Kiyeol , Chun Hyenchung , Lee Sanghun , Gong Donghyeok , Chae Se Eun , Jeon Seung Ho , Yoon Dong-Kyung
Published: November 2024

A double-cropping system is widely adopted in southern Korea, in which the sowing date of the second crop (soybean) can be delayed depending on the growth period of the first crop and weather conditions. Soybean yields may be reduced because of the shorter vegetative growth period and earlier flowering. This study examined soybean growth and yield responses as plant populations at a late planting date. A field experiment was conducted in the upland field at the Department of Southern Area Crop Science in Miryang, Gyeongsangnam-do, for two years (2022–2023) using four cultivars (Seonyu 2, Jungmo 3015, Seonpung, and Jangpung). A split-plot block design was used with three replications. The main plots had four sowing dates at 10-day intervals from 25 June to 25 July. The date of maturity was recorded, and the yield components and yield were examined after harvesting. The optimum planting population for maximizing the soybean yield with late planting was compared with the standard population result. To maintain pre- and post-crop yields and cultivate stable production, the sowing date limit for early maturing soybeans was July 15 and that for mid-maturing soybeans was July 5. The results highlight the potential to produce an economic soybean production level.
Soil Microbiome Response to Reduced Nitrogen Supply in an Over-Fertilized Wheat-Maize System
Authors: Liu Xing , Cheng Yanan , Zhang Ying , Li Yonggang , Wang Fei , Shen Changwei
Published: November 2024

Excessive nitrogen (N) fertilization harms the diversity, structure, and function of the soil microbiome. Yet, whether such adverse effects can be repaired through reducing the subsequent N fertilization rate remains not completely clear so far. Here, using a long-term N-overfertilized wheat-maize cropping field, we assessed the effect of reducing various proportions of the subsequent N fertilization rate over six years on crop productivity, soil physicochemical and biochemical properties, and microbiome. Five treatments were employed in our field experiment: the farmers’ conventional N fertilization rate (zero reduction, as a control) and the reduction in the farmers’ N rate by 20%, 40%, 60%, and 100%. The results showed that moderate N reduction (20–40%) enhanced crop productivity and soil fertility but did not affect soil enzyme activity. Soil bacterial and fungal community diversity were insensitive to N fertilization reduction, whereas their community structures changed significantly, with more prominent alteration in the fungal community. Functional prediction indicated that average relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased with N fertilization reduction but that of ectomycorrhizal fungi decreased. Moderate N reduction (20–40%) enhanced species interactions and, thus, provided a more complex cross-kingdom microbial co-occurrence network. Both bacterial and fungal community assembly were governed by stochastic processes, and this was not altered by N fertilization reduction. Overall, the response of the soil microbiome to N fertilization reduction was greatly dependent on the reduced N proportion. The findings obtained here shed light on the importance of optimal N fertilization rate in the intensively cultivated, high-input grain production system.
Verification of the Vitek Reveal System for Direct Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing in Gram-Negative Positive Blood Cultures
Authors: Menchinelli Giulia , Squitieri Damiano , Magrì Carlotta , De Maio Flavio , D’Inzeo Tiziana , Cacaci Margherita , De Angelis Giulia , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Posteraro Brunella
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 20776-2:2021, which replaces ISO 20776-2:2007, focuses solely on the performance of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) assays, emphasizing the ISO 20776-1 broth microdilution method as the reference standard. Consequently, categorical agreement (CA) and associated errors should not be applied. We verified the Vitek Reveal AST assay according to both ISO 20776-2:2021 and ISO 20776-2:2007 criteria. Methods: Samples from 100 simulated and clinical Gram-negative (GN) positive blood cultures (PBCs) were tested at a large teaching hospital. The simulated GN-PBCs were obtained from a hospital collection of isolates selected to represent diverse antimicrobial resistance profiles. The Reveal assay results were compared with those from the reference assay, and the time to result (TTR) for the Reveal assay was calculated. Results: The essential agreement rates were 96.1% (816/849) for simulated and 98.8% (929/940) for clinical GN-PBC samples. The bias values were −3.1 for simulated and −11.0 for clinical samples. The CA rates were 97.7% (808/827) for simulated and 99.2% (924/931) for clinical samples. The mean TTR ± SD (hours) for resistant organisms was significantly lower (4.40 ± 1.15) than that for susceptible, increased exposure (5.52 ± 0.48) and susceptible (5.54 ± 0.49) organisms. Conclusions: Our findings reinforce the potential of the Reveal assay as a valuable tool and support its implementation in clinical microbiology laboratories.
Characterization of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Diarrhoeal Faeces from 0 to 5-Year-Old Children Attending Public Hospitals in Franceville, Gabon
Authors: Dikoumba Anicet-Clotaire , Mbehang Nguema Pierre Philippe , Oyaba Yinda Leresche Even Doneilly , Lendamba Romeo Wenceslas , Obague Mbeang Jean Constan , Ndong Atome Guy Roger , Zinga Koumba Christophe Roland , Godreuil Sylvain , Onanga Richard
Published: November 2024

Background: In Gabon, studies on the characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in young children with diarrhoea are almost nonexistent. The objective was to evaluate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in children at public hospitals in Franceville, Gabon. Methods: Seventy diarrhoea faecal samples were collected from children aged 0–5 years. The culture and isolation of colonies were carried out on MacConkey agar. The colonies were identified using VITEK 2. The determination of the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase’s profiles was accomplished using the double disk method. The identification of phylogroups and pathotypes was performed by PCR. Identification of the ESBL genes was performed by sequencing. Results: A total of 26 strains of Escherichia coli (33.0%) were identified from 78 bacterial isolates. Twenty (77.0%) Escherichia coli strains carried extended-spectrum beta-lactamases blaCTX-M-15 and 5.0% carried blaSHV-12 subtypes. Phylogroup D (62.0%) was predominant, followed by B1 (12.0%), B2 (8.0%) and E (4.0%). The bacterial pathogens causing diarrhoea were enterohemorrhagic E. coli (12.0%), typical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (8.0%), atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (4.0%), Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (4.0%) and enteroinvasive E. coli (4.0%). Conclusions: This study showed a high prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, Escherichia coli of phylogroup D and pathotype enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in children under 5 years old in public hospitals in Franceville, most probably due to the misuse or inappropriate consumption of beta-lactams.
Leveraging the ROS–TME Axis for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Papavassiliou Kostas A. , Sofianidi Amalia A. , Gogou Vassiliki A. , Papavassiliou Athanasios G.
Published: November 2024

The discovery of reactive oxygen species (ROS) dates back to the early 20th century [...]
A Systematic Review of the Twelve Most Popular Bean Varieties, Highlighting Their Potential as Functional Foods Based on the Health Benefits Derived from Their Nutritional Profiles, Focused on Non-Communicable Diseases
Authors: Dimopoulou Maria , Vareltzis Patroklos , Gortzi Olga
Published: November 2024

According to the US Department of Agriculture, more than 4000 types of beans are cultivated in the United States and worldwide; nevertheless, the demand for beans continues to rise. To some extent, diet can treat inflammation and consequently reduce the chances of developing comorbidities, such as diabetes. A diet based on alternative plant protein sources, such as beans, is a sustainable solution for overall health due to the overconsumption of meat that characterizes Western societies and is even more important for regions that suffer from malnutrition, such as Africa. Reviewing the nutritional profile of the different varieties of beans produced in various locations would help enhance their quality, strengthen the role of producer groups, and protecting Geographical Indications (GI), thereby increasing simplification, sustainability, and transparency towards consumers. PubMed-Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant articles published by 30 March 2024. The results have given the green light to the reform of EFSA rules, strengthening the health claims of beans, protecting the GI for each variety, and also highlighting the public demands for functional foods based on the nutritional aspects of this product and its impact on disease management or prevention.
Adaptive Robust Control for Pump-Controlled Pitch Systems Facing Wind Speed and System Parameter Variability
Authors: Zhang Tiangui , Yu Bo , Wang Xuewei , Liu Yinping , Chen Gexin , Liu Keyi , Ai Chao , Wang Lihui
Published: November 2024

This paper proposes an Adaptive Robust Control (ARC) strategy for pump-controlled pitch systems in large wind turbines to address challenges in control accuracy and energy efficiency. First, a mathematical model integrating pitch angle dynamics and hydraulic characteristics is established, with pitch angle, pitch angular velocity, and hydraulic cylinder thrust as state variables. Then, an ARC strategy is designed using the backstepping method and incorporating parameter adaptation to handle system nonlinearities and uncertainties. The controller parameters are optimized using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) under wind disturbance conditions, and comparative analyses are conducted with traditional PID control. The numerical simulation results show that both controllers achieve similar tracking performance under nominal conditions, with PID achieving a 0.08° maximum error and ARC showing a 0.1° maximum error. However, the ARC strategy demonstrates superior robustness under parameter variations, maintaining tracking errors below 0.15°, while the PID error increases to 1.5°. Physical test bench experiments further validate these findings, with ARC showing significantly better performance during cylinder retraction with 0.1° error compared to PID’s 0.7° error. The proposed control strategy effectively handles both the inherent nonlinearities of the pump-controlled system and external disturbances, providing a practical solution for precise pitch control in large wind turbines while maintaining energy efficiency through the pump-controlled approach.
Acute Effects of Photobiomodulation Therapy Combined with Static Magnetic Field in C2C12 Muscle Cells Exposed and Not Exposed to H2O2
Authors: Ferlito Marcos Vinicius , Ferlito João Vitor , Scariot Fernando Joel , Salvador Mirian , Leal-Junior Ernesto Cesar Pinto , Marchi Thiago De , Branco Catia Santos
Published: November 2024

Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been applied in biomedical technology to improve cellular responses. Specifically in sports medicine, it is used to accelerate metabolic and structural repair and adaptation in skeletal muscle under stress overload. Currently, PBM has been associated with static Magnetic Field (sMF) in clinical applications, enhancing the effects displayed by PBM when used in isolation. However, the biochemical and molecular effects of PBM-sMF in myoblasts remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PBM combined with static magnetic field (PBM-sMF) at different doses in C2C12 muscle cells in the presence or absence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a standard oxidant. Different spectrophotometric and fluorometric assays were conducted after cellular treatments. PBM-sMF was shown to be effective compared to H2O2 regarding cell viability and release of nitric oxide (NO), dsDNA, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. It positively modulated mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity under normal conditions and restored both to normal levels when impacted by H2O2. Regarding apoptosis, the recovery in viable cells observed on PBM-sMF treated cells was dose-dependent. In conclusion, PBM-sMF has a biphasic effect in normal and oxidative environments and may differently modulate myoblast cells depending on their redox status.
Impact of Sound and Image Features in ASMR on Emotional and Physiological Responses
Authors: Kim Yubin , Cho Ayoung , Lee Hyunwoo , Whang Mincheol
Published: November 2024

As media consumption through electronic devices increases, there is growing interest in ASMR videos, known for inducing relaxation and positive emotional states. However, the effectiveness of ASMR varies depending on each video’s characteristics. This study identifies key sound and image features that evoke specific emotional responses. ASMR videos were categorized into two groups: high valence–low relaxation (HVLR) and low valence–high relaxation (LVHR). Subjective evaluations, along with physiological data such as electroencephalography (EEG) and heart rate variability (HRV), were collected from 31 participants to provide objective evidence of emotional and physiological responses. The results showed that both HVLR and LVHR videos can induce relaxation and positive emotions, but the intensity varies depending on the video’s characteristics. LVHR videos have sound frequencies between 50 and 500 Hz, brightness levels of 20 to 30%, and a higher ratio of green to blue. These videos led to 45% greater delta wave activity in the frontal lobe and a tenfold increase in HF HRV, indicating stronger relaxation. HVLR videos feature sound frequencies ranging from 500 to 10,000 Hz, brightness levels of 60 to 70%, and a higher ratio of yellow to green. These videos resulted in 1.2 times higher beta wave activity in the frontal lobe and an increase in LF HRV, indicating greater cognitive engagement and positive arousal. Participants’ subjective reports were consistent with these physiological responses, with LVHR videos evoking feelings of calmness and HVLR videos inducing more vibrant emotions. These findings provide a foundation for creating ASMR content with specific emotional outcomes and offer a framework for researchers to achieve consistent results. By defining sound and image characteristics along with emotional keywords, this study provides practical guidance for content creators and enhances user understanding of ASMR videos.
A Decision Framework for Selecting Highly Sustainable Packaging Circular Model in Mass-Customized Packaging Industry
Authors: Rajendran Ravishankar , Ranjitharamasamy Sudhakarapandian
Published: November 2024

The selection of a sustainable packaging circular model approach entails numerous obstacles under rapidly developing circumstances, such as environmental factors, market competition, and advancing technology, impacting decision-making processes. We have considered Z-number-based decision-making methods as an alternative to the conventional method. This study presents a selection of circular sustainable packaging models, considering significant challenges from five primary objectives: economic, environmental, social responsibility, sustainability, and time-based, with three circular models: biodegradable, compostable, and recycling. The ZF-DEMATEL-TOPSIS method is used in an integrated manner to address the packaging circular model selection problem. The study results indicate that the mass-customized recyclable packaging circular model is the most highly sustainable among the three models. At the same time, the most significant challenges are production cost, energy efficiency, and makespan. The proposed method was validated using the sensitivity analysis with an 90% consistency ratio. We conducted this study to aid in analyzing and developing a highly sustainable mass-customized circular packaging model.
Bridge Damage Localization Through Response Reconstruction with Multiple BP-ANNs Under Vehicular Loading
Authors: Lu Xuzhao , Wei Chenxi , Sun Limin , Zhang Wei
Published: November 2024

Damage detection is a critical aspect of bridge health monitoring. While data reconstruction has been posited as a promising method for damage detection, its effectiveness in this context has rarely been empirically validated. In this study, we introduce a novel approach to pinpoint potential bridge damage by reconstructing bridge inclination data. For an intact bridge, we selected reference cross-sections and trained multiple Backpropagation Artificial Neural Networks (BP-ANNs) to simulate transfer matrices for inclination between these base sections and other sections of the bridge. These BP-ANNs were then employed to reconstruct inclination data at the same cross-sections on a bridge with artificial damage. We demonstrated that damage localization is feasible through a comparison of the reconstructed and actual measured responses. The theoretical underpinnings of the transfer matrix and the damage localization method were initially elucidated through an analysis of the dynamics of a simplified vehicle–bridge interaction (VBI) system. A series of finite element models were constructed to substantiate the theoretical basis of the damage localization method. Additionally, a large-scale laboratory experiment was carried out to assess the practical effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed method has been demonstrated to effectively pinpoint the location of potential structural damage. It successfully differentiates between areas in close proximity to the damage and those that are more distant. Compared to existing research, our method does not necessitate prior knowledge of factors such as mode shape functions, traffic conditions, or the constraint of inspecting with a single vehicle. This approach is anticipated to be more convenient for engineering applications, particularly in the development of online monitoring systems, due to its streamlined requirements and robust performance in identifying damage localization.
Comprehensive Evaluation Method for the Grouting Management Effect of Mine Water Hazards Based on the Combined Assignment of the TOPSIS and RSR Methods
Authors: Tang Shuangcheng , Fu Xuehai , Xie Baolei
Published: November 2024

The effectiveness of grouting management is closely linked to the safety of mining operations, making the scientific and accurate evaluation of mine water hazard grouting management a critical issue that demands immediate attention. Current evaluation technologies for grouting effectiveness are limited by singularity in indicator assignment, reliance on isolated indicators, and the generalization of weak metrics. Using the top and bottom grouting project of the 110504 working face at the Banji coal mine in Anhui Province as a case study, both theoretical and practical insights were integrated. Drilling fluid consumption, final grouting pressure, water permeability, and dry material per unit length were selected as key indicators to establish a comprehensive grouting effect evaluation index system. To address the limitations of previous assignment methods, this study proposes a novel approach that combines the Precedence Chart (PC) with the Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) method. This integrated approach resolves the issues of singularity and subjectivity in prior assignment techniques. The evaluation system was constructed based on a single indicator framework, incorporating a comprehensive evaluation model that uses the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) for ranking and the Rank Sum Ratio (RSR) for classification support. The model demonstrates a high goodness-of-fit, with a value of 0.938, indicating strong performance. The model’s results were visualized in the form of a grouting effect zoning map, further validated through comparisons with actual on-site water discharge data and exploration borehole water inflow measurements. A maximum recorded influx of 70 m3/h, aligning with the relatively weak grouting zones identified in the evaluation. The findings demonstrate that the proposed model exhibits a high degree of reliability and scientific rigor, providing valuable theoretical guidance for enhancing coal body stability and minimizing coal loss.
Neuroprotective, Anti-Hyperpigmentation, and Anti-Diabetic Effects and Bioaccessibility of Flavonoids in Ginkgo Leaf Infusions from Green and Yellow Leaves
Authors: Jurčević Šangut Iva , Šola Ivana , Šamec Dunja
Published: November 2024

Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) is a widely used medicinal plant, with its green spring leaves commonly utilized for preparing extracts with various therapeutic properties, and leaf infusions also frequently employed. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro neuroprotective, anti-hyperpigmentation, anti-diabetic, and antioxidant activities, as well as the flavonoid content and its bioaccessibility, of ginkgo leaf infusions, comparing leaves collected in spring and autumn. Infusions made from yellow leaves, both those collected directly from the tree and fallen leaves, exhibited significantly higher total polyphenol content (3.2-fold and 2.5-fold, respectively) and flavonoid content (3.1-fold and 2.4-fold, respectively), along with greater flavonoid bioaccessibility in the salivary phase. These infusions also demonstrated enhanced tyrosinase inhibition (6.0-fold and 5.7-fold, respectively) and antioxidant activity (4.8-fold and 3.5-fold, respectively). Notably, infusions from fallen yellow leaves showed 2.5-fold higher acetylcholinesterase inhibition compared to spring leaf infusions, while α-glucosidase inhibition remained comparable across all samples. These findings suggest that yellow ginkgo leaves, including those that have fallen, could be considered a valuable material for making infusions with potential neuroprotective, anti-hyperpigmentation, and anti-diabetic properties.
FedDB: A Federated Learning Approach Using DBSCAN for DDoS Attack Detection
Authors: Lee Yi-Chen , Chien Wei-Che , Chang Yao-Chung
Published: November 2024

The rise of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks on the internet has necessitated the development of robust and efficient detection mechanisms. DDoS attacks continue to present a significant threat, making it imperative to find efficient ways to detect and prevent these attacks promptly. Traditional machine learning approaches raise privacy concerns when handling sensitive data. In response, federated learning has emerged as a promising paradigm, allowing model training across decentralized devices without centralizing data. However, challenges such as the non-IID (Non-Independent and Identically Distributed) problem persist due to data distribution imbalances among devices. In this research, we propose personalized federated learning (PFL) as a solution for detecting DDoS attacks. PFL preserves data privacy by keeping sensitive information localized on individual devices during model training, thus addressing privacy concerns that are inherent in traditional approaches. In this paper, we propose federated learning with DBSCAN clustering (FedDB). By combining personalized training with model aggregation, our approach effectively mitigates the common challenge of non-IID data in federated learning setups. The integration of DBSCAN clustering further enhances our method by effectively handling data distribution imbalances and improving the overall detection accuracy. Results indicate that our proposed model improves performance, achieving relatively consistent accuracy across all clients, demonstrating that our method effectively overcomes the non-IID problem. Evaluation of our approach utilizes the CICDDOS2019 dataset. Through comprehensive experimentation, we demonstrate the efficacy of personalized federated learning in enhancing detection accuracy while safeguarding data privacy and mitigating non-IID concerns.
Computational Modeling of U-Shaped Seismic Dampers for Structural Damage Mitigation
Authors: Tuninetti Víctor , Gómez Álvaro , Bustos Flavia , Oñate Angelo , Hinojosa Jorge , Gallo Calogero , Habraken Anne-Marie , Duchêne Laurent
Published: November 2024

U-shaped seismic dampers, passive metallic devices that dissipate energy by cyclic plastic deformation, are designed to mitigate the effects of seismic loads on structures. This study focuses on the development of an advanced computational model of a U-shaped damper, chosen for its unique design of variable thickness and width, which contributes to its superior performance. The simulation uses nonlinear finite element analysis and a bilinear hardening model calibrated to the actual stress–strain curve of the low-carbon steel. To ensure accuracy, a rigorous mesh convergence analysis is performed to quantify numerical prediction errors and establish a model suitable for predicting local deformation phenomena, including strain and stress fields, throughout the displacement-based loading protocol. Mesh sensitivity analysis, performed by examining the equivalent stress and cumulative plastic strain, derives the damper hysteresis curve and confirms the convergence criteria of the mesh within the experimentally observed plastic response range of the material. The resulting computational model is a novel contribution that provides reliable predictions of local inhomogeneous deformation and energy dissipation, essential for optimizing damper design and performance through more sophisticated damage-fatigue models that guarantee the lifetime of a damper.