bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adivasis in Assam Issues and Concent
Authors: Singh Prabhat K
Published: May 2022

Adivasis of Assam, whose forefathers had migrated to Assam Tea Gardens in search of their food and livelihood as the labourers, today, they are popularly known as Tea Tribes. These tea tribes are not enlisted in the list of Scheduled tribes by the Assam government, though; their brethrens are scheduled tribes in Chotanagpur of central India. Surprisingly, the Scheduled tribes of Assam also do net recognize them as the tribe; and their agony and apathy often results into conflict and bloodshed. This paper deals with the background of Adivasis in Assam in the first part, and the second part deals with the Socio-economic situation of Adivasis of Assam. In the third part, a discussion on the concept of tribe as understanding the tribe has been done, and finally some issues and concern for Adivasis have been discussed.
Awareness and Attitudes concerning AYUSH among the Villagers of Yamunanagar District Haryana
Authors: Khatri Avanee , Sinha A. K
Published: May 2022

The Indian Systems of Medicine and Homoeopathy (ISM&H) were given an independent identity in the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in 1995 by creating a separate Department of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy (AYUSH) in November 2003. Mainstreaming of AYUSH implies integration of infrastructure, manpower and medicines of Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy (AYUSH) to strengthen the public health care delivery and strengthen the AYUSH systems at grass root level by establishing a linkage between modern medicine and AYUSH systems in a collaborative way. Mainstreaming of AYUSH is a policy commitment of government of India and it received momentum by the launch of National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) in April, 2005. The present study was done in two villages of district Yamunanagar, Haryana on the sample of 25 which consisted professional allopathic doctors, traditional healers and vitlage respondents to know their awareness and altitudes regarding AYUSH. In the present study it was found that the potential barriers that emerge are the lack of awareness about the government's AYUSH scheme and for successful implication it is required that awareness at grass root level should be promoted.
Social Gradation and Inter-Ethnic Stratification among the Muslims of Darjeeling Himalaya
Authors: Chatterjee Rajib
Published: May 2022

The Muslims of Darjeeling Himalaya an a mosaic of diverse ethnic groups. They are divided into a number of segments and social groupings, and a notion of hierarchy or social gradation on the basis of purity is observed among them; though theoretically, Islam advocates an egalitarian social order. The present paper helps us to dispel an established monolithic believe regarding the social and cultural homogeneity of the Indian Muslims, and come to prove the differences in their religious ideologies, cultural practices, and ethnic characters. The covert (i.e., Islamic ideology based on textual Islam), and overt, (i.e., local traditions or lived Islam) aspects of the society have also been examined, as an existing phenomena, as the Muslim society of Darjeeling Himalayan town is deeply fragmented into various social orders. An effort has been made here to sketch an account of the social stratification of the Himalayan Muslims through an extensive field work in the Himalayan town of Darjeeling, West Bengal.
Whether to Eat or not to Eat? An Enquiry into the Food Foraging Tactics of the Jarawas of Andamans
Authors: Barik Subhra Sankha
Published: May 2022

This paper is one of the most pioneering anthropological researches on the Jarawas- one of the Negrito hunter-gatherer communities of the world, inhabiting the Andaman Islands in the Bay of Bengal. In addition, the author is also one of the few early anthropologists to have done fieldwork among them; and thus, got the initial opportunity to peep inside the daily life of the Jarawas from so close quarters. The Jarawas are very sparsely distributed in the tropical rainforests along the western coast of Middle and South Andaman. An attempt has been made in this paper to explore the economic pursuits carried out by a band of the Jarawa tribe that revolve round foraging of various kinds of terrestrial and aquatic food sources that are seasonally available in and around their habitat. Food is the primary biological necessity of human kind. The food intake of a group greatly depends upon the food habit with which the group feels closely affiliated with each of the biotic as well as a-biotic thing in its surrounding, which ultimately organises the whole process of economic behaviour of the group. As one of the forest dwelling band-communities of the Andamans, the Jarawas have been still maintaining their foraging mode of subsistence since time immemorial It is assumed that their social and economic critetia of food selection and rejections are the outcomes of ecological adaptation in strict biological terms. This means, they are expected to modify their food foraging behaviour in ways that maximise inclusive fitness under specific ecological condition. Since all living organisms require energy to function, it is hypothesized that selection of food resources generally help the Jarawas to maximise the rale of energy acquisition while foraging at any given time and space. Two formal evolutionary biological models: Optimal Diet Breadth and Patch Choice have been applied as theoretical base to understand the food foraging strategy of the Jarawas. It has been observed that the Jarawas are enormously opportunistic in their response to changing social and ecological circumstances, depending upon fitness-cost (efforts investment) and benefits (returns obtained). In this way they adjust the cost (efforts investment) and benefit (energy returns) with alternative resource and foraging sites. As optimal foragers, the Jarawas do continue foraging expedition till net energy-return fulfils their needs. As a result their diet consists of more varieties of natural resources during the dry season than other seasons of the year.
Education in Peace-building: The Case of Post-Conflict Chittagong Hill Tracts in Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Ala
Published: May 2022

The paper frames the role of education in peace-building in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) of Bangladesh. The CHT witnessed ethnic conflict since the mid-1970s. The situation intensified with a government sponsored population transfer program toward the region that began in 1979, not only changed the demographic profile of the region, but it forcibly displaced many indigenous people (Pahari)-who less than two decades earlier had already been displaced by a hydroelectric project. Consequently, the Pahari, who were already in duress because of the land scarcity caused by the dam and transmigration, faced further survival problem in competition with the settlers that eventually led to a conflicting situation. However, an accord was signed in 1997 to end the two decade-long bloody conflict in the hills. Although 17 years have elapsed since the signing of the accord, still the CHT is neither a peaceful nor a secured region to its people. This paper posits, education is not a complete solution to the long-standing conflict; however, it has significant role to play in peace-building in the post-conflict and conflict-affected societies. Addressing the sensitive issues education can contribute to reconstruction and social renewal in the aftermath of conflict in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh.
Migratory Trajectories: Determinations of Inward and Outward Movement in India
Authors: Joshi Tarun , Deb Roumi
Published: May 2022

For a country like India whose cultural and economic dimensions vary a lot, it is important to understand the impetus or motivation behind any movement which is on record or not. Internal migration has its own routes and thresholds which may differ from region to region. The basic interest of the movement is prosperity and better life standards, however, the definition of these vary according to the standards predisposed in mind.

In general it is been preconceived and also supported by census of India that men migrate more often than women on grounds of employment but studies have shown that there is a shift and women are the one who migrates maximum outnumbering men in many cases. But it is a pity that national level large scale surveys are unable to capture this reality as a result women are treated as secondary earners

International migration to and from India have its own pros and cons. Immigration provides cheap labour and strengthen political bonds between party nations, while on the other hand emigration bring foreign exchange to the country. The definition of status is also radically altered by the effect of social meaning of migrant remittances. The emigrants are preferred as a marriage partner in many parts of India especially Punjab which has even lead to the increasing cases of fraud on marital grounds.
Drinks and Drinking Habits of the Bondo Highlanders
Authors: Sahoo Arpita
Published: May 2022

During my college days, an interesting phenomenon caught my attention. On the one hand, there was a growing popularity of booze. Boozing amongst the peers was seen as modern, liberal, progressive. On the other hand, back home parents viewed drinking liquor as a social evil, undesirable influence of western culture, associated mostly with social discrepant. Parents often were haunted by the horror of their children giving in to boozing there by ruining their reputation and future. The question thus arises, are these only two available perspectives on booze and social drinking or do we have any other value system around the same prevalent in a society? Is social drinking a sign of the modern liberal society? Is it a foreign influence hazardous for Indian culture? Do we have an alternative story on the culture of drinks from within Indian community? I found that there are historical documentations on drinking, habits in royal courts, merchant guilds, etc. However, it was among the tribes of India that, I found the most extensive cultural practices, and a holistic value system on indigenous drinks and drinking habits. In this paper, I would like to describe the role and use of indigenous drinks in the life cycle and various ceremonies of one of the identified Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group, called the Bondo Highlanders.
Migrants and Violence in South Africa : The April 2015 Xenophobic Attacks in Durban
Authors: Desai Ashwin
Published: May 2022

In 2015, a wave of xenophobic attacks swept across South Africa. The violence was at its worst in Durban, where thousands of immigrants, mainly from Africa, were attacked by their fellow South Africans, their businesses looted and people Jailed. This article looks at the sparks for the violence, while unpacking the complex relations between locals and African immigrants against the backdrop of an earlier episode of violence in 2008/9. The latter part of the article focuses on the struggle of civil society to build a strong anti-xenophobic front against the background of growing inequality and a government determined to pursue high-end mega projects.
Living in Liminal Spaces: Zimbabwean Immigrant Teachers’ Othering in South Africa
Authors: Manik Sadhana
Published: May 2022

Zimbabwean teachers are the largest cohort of foreign teachers in South Africa. This paper explores Zimbabwean immigrant teachers’ migration experiences in South Africa after fleeing from socio-economic and political strife in Zimbabwe post 2000. The data draws from the findings of two studies (one qualitative and the other mixed methods) undertaken in South Africa on immigrant teachers; teachers being a category of highly skilled professionals in demand globally. Both studies were on the nature of teacher migration to South Africa. The former study was centred specifically on Zimbabwean teachers’ reasons for migration and their experiences (undertaken in 2011) and the other more broadly on immigrant teachers’ experiences (undertaken in 2012). Bhabha's construct of diasporic identity was used as a portal to understand immigrant teachers’ socio-economic and professional experiences in South Africa. The findings revealed that Zimbabwean immigrant teachers can be conceived as nomads, experiencing multiple struggles personally and professionally, which commenced from their entry into South Africa, in their search for acceptance. Their ‘othering’ which locates them in a marginalized position results in them being treated with hostility by government officials, ignored for their contribution to educational development in South Africa and being fearful, prone to xenophobic attitudes and behavior in schools and society.
Gender, Migration and Human Trafficking: The Untold Story of the Gurgaon Maids’ Migration from the Sunderbans
Authors: Sen Nandini C
Published: May 2022

Gurgaon -is the face of modern india which is defined by sky high apartments, malls and state of the art office complexes. To keep the city running smoothly and maintaining its residents’ high end lifestyle is a huge back up of domestic servants who serve as maids, cooks, drivers, ayahs and so on are required. These servants who comprise the vast unorganized sector in Gurgaon are typically migrant workers from comparatively poorer states of Bengal, Bihar and Chattisgarh. This paper seeks to examine the life stories of three Hindu women of different age groups who work as maids in an upscale apartment complex in Gurgaon.

Kamala (42), Rani (23) and Gitu (16) hail from the Sunderbans in West Bengal - a land away from the mainland Kolkata and known for its jungles and tiger population. Kamala, a grandmother at 42 has to work for a living to feed her family of six. She works on a part time basis in 6 houses earning a salary of Rs. 10,000. After taking care of the basic needs of her dependents, she has barely any money to take care of medical emergencies. Rani is slightly better off as her husbana works as a gardener. They have left their daughter in the village to be cared for by her in- laws. Most of what she earns is remitted back to her village. Gitu has been brought to the city by a lady who runs a maid agency. She has been sold off by her parents. She works as a full timer in houses and has barely any access to her salary. Her salary is collected by the lady who also decides her working terms and conditions. She lives like a bonded labour and nurtures a hope that one day she might be able to escape. These women live in perpetual fear of being sexually abused by their employers or the agency people. It is a grim battle for survival made doubly difficult by their gender. This paper seeks to look into the working conditions of women in the unorganized sector, the causes for migration and the human trafficking that carries on unabated in the urban metropolis of Gurgaon. The three women have been selected based on convenience sampling as they work in the apartment complex in which I reside.
Migration and Education Narratives of Student Mobility in South Africa
Authors: Hiralal Kalpana
Published: May 2022

This paper examines student mobility in South Africa via the narratives of three immigrant students who are registered for a post-graduate degree at the University of Kwazulu-Natal (UKZN). Their narratives highlight the complexities of assimilation and accommodation in the context of identity, belonging and citizenship. For many student immigrants, particularly from within Africa, South Africa is seen as the ‘New York’ of Africa, with good infrastructure, a highly developed educational system and enduring political stability. These ‘pull’ factors aided by ‘push’ factors in their home countries such as poverty, political violence, lack of basic amenities, has collectively led to an influx of cross border student mobility. This paper identifies and discusses the ‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors of cross-border student mobility and the challenges and constraints they experience at UKZN in the context of language barriers, academic facilities, identity, transient families and xenophobia. The findings of this paper concludes that student mobility at the University of Kwazidu-Natal share similar trajectorial paths in the context of decision-making and assimilation in the host country. The paper also argues that to some extent, higher education is used as a channel for emigration to South Africa. The narratives in this study provide an opportunity to document the lives of immigrant students from their own perspective, thereby providing some insight into the complexities of student mobility and its overall implications for South African tertiary institutions. Findings and conclusions from this paper will add to current debates on student mobility both within an African and international context.
Social Production/Reproduction: Second-Generation Asian Indian Youths as Sources of Upclassing
Authors: Saran Rupam
Published: May 2022

Focusing on second-generation Asian Indian youth in the United States this minority performance ethnography explores two issues: First, how second-generation Asian Indian youth's educational attainment works as a source of social production/reproduction for their parents and how it leads to upward mobility and upclassing. Second, to what extent academic achievement of the children of Indian immigrants is influenced by parental social and cultural capital. Due to their economic and academic success in the United States, Asian Indians and their children are described as “successful good minorities.” In order to maintain their positive image and to ensure upward mobility, Asian Indian parents expect their children to excel academically and obtain high paying secure professions. They consider their children's education as an investment. Findings indicate that parental cultural and social capital plays a significant role in their children's academic achievement and future economic success. Data shows that in general Asian Indian youth with higher level of inherited cultural and social capital have higher levels of academic attainment. Professional Asian Indian immigrants with higher human capital view their children's success as a means to reproduce their socioeconomic status and to achieve political and social power in the dominant society. Parents with a lower level of human capital also viewed their children's success as a source of empowerment and upclassing. They had high expectations and aspirations for their children. They believe that their children's educational attainment will provide them with prestige and economic stability and will accelerate their movement to higher economic social class status. Thus, the academic achievement of second-generation Asian Indian students intercedes as an agent to maintain or improve their family's position in the class structure.
Migration from Pakistan to South Africa: Case Studies of Pakistanis in Verulam, South Africa
Authors: Singh Shanta Balgobind
Published: May 2022

Since the late 1990's, in the context of the transition from an apartheid led regime to a non-racial democracy, there has been an influx of migrants into South Africa, particularly in view of its perceived business opportunities, and financial and relative political stability. Most migrants came from different regions of Africa and the Asia, while there are smaller numbers from North Africa and the Middle East. This article examines the arrival and settlement of Pakistanis in Verulam, a town on the North Coast of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. The growing prominence of Pakistani controlled businesses in Verulam led to an interest in examining the reasons for them migrating to South Africa, in particular what factors led to their migration; how they identified South Africa as a potential place of destination; who they migrated with and how; the skills and social capital that they came with; the manner in which they integrated into the local community; how they have adapted and settled in their new setting, and the ways in which they maintain contact back home. This article is an exploratory study of the complexities of the migrant experience from the perspectives of individuals’ themselves. It is based on a case study approach using qualitative, semi-structured interviews to acquire data. The five case studies illustrate that migrants, in general, leave their family for far off places under difficult circumstances with the expectation of and ambitions for a more prosperous life for both themselves and their families back in the villages of Pakistan. To achieve this they are compelled to work long hours, live under difficult conditions, visit home rarely, and put up with locals’ xenophobia.
A Rapid Ethnographic Assessment of Cultural and Social Perceptions and Practices About COVID-19 in Bangladesh: What the Policy Makers and Program Planners Should Know
Authors: Akhter Sadika , Bashar Farzana , Kamruzzaman Mohammed , Mahmood Nabila , Rahman Aminur , Anwar Iqbal , Hawkes Sarah
Published: May 2022

Anthropological literature on health beliefs and practices related to COVID-19 is scarce, particularly in low and middle-income countries. We conducted a qualitative research on perceptions of COVID-19 among slum residents of Dhaka, Bangladesh from November 2020 through January, 2021. Methods included in-depth interviews and photo elicitation with community residents. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed thematically. Results show scientific explanations of COVID-19 conflicted with interviewees’ cultural and spiritual beliefs such as: coronavirus is a disease of rich, sinful people; the virus is a curse from Allah to punish sinners. Interviewees rejected going to hospitals in favor of home remedies, and eschewed measures such as mask-wearing or social distancing instead preferring to follow local beliefs. We have highlighted a gap between community beliefs about the pandemic and science-led interventions proposed by health professionals. For public health policy to be more effective it requires a deeper understanding of and response to community perceptions.
Town Meeting and Community Engagement
Authors: Uline Cynthia L.
Published: May 2022

Much attention of late has been given to the town meeting as a concept for effecting community involvement. As the public is perceived to be apathetic and the school desirous of commitment, town meetings are attractive vehicles. And yet, these activities seem to be taking place without regard for what a town meeting is and has been for over 300 years. This article considers the town meeting as a vehicle for active reflection within school communities. The article draws upon the history of the town meeting as a means to understanding the institution. It then considers how a particular New England public school district has used town meetings effectively as a vehicle for reform. The article challenges us to respect the history of this democratic institution and acknowledge it for its original thinking. Doing so reveals a powerful vehicle for school change.
The Study of Stress in Principals: Towards an Improved Methodology
Authors: Thomas A. Ross
Published: May 2022

This paper considers the study of stress in school principals from three perspectives. In the first of these reference is made to three critical reviews of studies which have revealed heavy dependence on data gathered via questionnaires and treated by correlational analysis, the inadequacy of conceptual frameworks, and wide variations in the definitions of stress. Acknowledgement is then made of several Australian studies through the 1980s and 1990s which have investigated stress in principals in situ through observation and observation plus physiological measurement. Finally, consideration is given to possible future methodologies that seek to address criticisms of stress research by acknowledging the place of both appropriate questionnaires and observation/physiological measures and suggesting how these may be productively combined.
Reconstructing the Internship
Authors: Calabresel Raymond L. , Straut Diana
Published: May 2022

This paper examines the education administrative internship and offers a conceptual model for transition from the prevailing reactive and traditional model toward the emerging integrated and evolving model. This transition requires a close examination of the assumptions, classifications, and cognitive constructs that influence contemporary internship programs. This paper proposes that the administrative internship move toward a set of outcome-driven, diagnostic and developmental experiences that promote administrative competence through increased ability to make accurate and appropriate decisions. A description of an internship program that incorporates these characteristics is included as an example of prototype programs.
Towards Maximizing Instructional Time: The Nature and Extent of Externally-Imposed Classroom Interruptions
Authors: Leonard Lawrence J.
Published: May 2022

Prompted at least in part by continuing expectations of enhanced student performance and greater professional accountability, schools and school districts are demonstrating increased awareness of the need to optimize the use of allotted instructional time. This study investigated the nature and extent of interruptions to teaching and learning sessions originating beyond the physical boundaries of the classroom. Both survey questionnaires and non-participant observation strategies were used to determine the sources and frequencies of externally-imposed classroom interruptions at a dozen schools in three rural school districts in Western Canada. The results indicate that estimates of class intrusions may be underestimated and more concerted efforts may be necessary to address the problem.
The Clinical Significance of Clinocephaly in Late-Presentation Sagittal Craniosynostosis
Authors: Pfaff Miles J. , Fenton Regina , Mittal Aditya , Mocharnuk Joseph W. , Owoc Maryanna S. , Bruce Madeleine K. , Beiriger Justin W. , Losee Joseph E. , Goldstein Jesse A.
Published: May 2022

The diagnosis of late-presentation sagittal suture craniosynostosis (SCS) can be challenging, especially in the setting of subtle physical exam findings. The clinical significance of clinocephaly—a retro-coronal concavity along the midvault—in this context remains unknown. The aim of this study is to evaluate the predictive value of clinocephaly in identifying late-presentation SCS.

A retrospective chart review of all patients >1 year old presenting to the craniofacial clinic with a concern for SCS was performed. The presence or absence of SCS in the setting of clinocephaly was recorded following diagnostic imaging. Student's t test, Chi Square test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to determine predictors for SCS.

75 patients met inclusion criteria. 32 patients (42.7%, 6% female) were diagnosed with SCS. No difference in age between patients with and without SCS was detected. Stratification of patients by age (1–2, 2–4, and >4 years) revealed a higher rate of SCS in younger patients (P = 0.04). The cephalic index (C.I.) of those with sagittal synostosis was significantly smaller but within the normal range, indicating a more scaphocephalic shape (P = 0.003). Logistic regression analysis revealed that C.I. was a strong predictor for SCS (P = 0.003). Of those with SCS, a mix of complete and partial fusion of the sagittal suture was appreciated.

This study found that 42.7% of patients with clinocephaly had SCS. C.I. was the only predictor for SCS and unique suture fusion patterns were identified in those with SCS. This study suggests that clinocephaly should be considered a core component of the exam and work-up for SCS. Future studies aimed at evaluating the positive predictive value of this exam finding and identifying risk factors associated with late-presentation SCS are underway.
UCSQ Method Applied on 3D Photogrammetry: Non-Invasive Objective Differentiation Between Synostotic and Positional Plagiocephaly
Authors: Kronig Sophia A.J. , Kronig Otto D.M. , Vrooman Henri A. , Van Adrichem Léon N.A.
Published: May 2022

Objective

Objective differentiation between unilateral coronal synostosis (UCS) and positional posterior plagiocephaly (PPP) based on 3D photogrammetry according to Utrecht Cranial Shape Quantificator (UCSQ).

Design

Retrospective study.

Setting

Primary craniofacial center.

Patients, Participants

Thirty-two unoperated patients (17 UCS; 15 PPP) (age < 1 year).

Interventions

Extraction of variables from sinusoid curves derived using UCSQ: asymmetry ratio forehead and occiput peak, ratio of gradient forehead and occiput peak, location forehead and occiput peak.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Variables, derived using 3D photogrammetry, were analyzed for differentiation between UCS and PPP.

Results

Frontal peak was shifted to the right side of the head in left-sided UCS (mean x-value 207 [192-220]), and right-sided PPP (mean x-value 210 [200-216]), and to the left in right-sided UCS (mean x-value 161 [156-166]), and left-sided PPP (mean x-value 150 [144-154]). Occipital peak was significantly shifted to the right side of the head in left-sided PPP (mean x-value 338 [336-340]) and to the left in right-sided PPP (mean x-value 23 [14-32]). Mean x-value of occipital peak was 9 (354-30) in left- and 2 (350-12) in right-sided UCS. Calculated ratio of gradient of the frontal peak is, in combination with the calculated asymmetry ratio of the frontal peak, a distinctive finding.

Conclusions

UCSQ objectively captures shape of synostotic and positional plagiocephaly using 3D photogrammetry, we therefore developed a suitable method to objectively differentiate UCS from PPP using radiation-free methods.
School Nurses’ Language Needs When Caring for Students from Limited English Proficiency Households
Authors: Bennett Sheryl , Watts Theresa
Published: May 2022

The number of school-aged students with diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds is increasing across the United States. This survey identifies strategies school nurses use for communicating to families with limited English proficiency and describes recommendations to improve language needs. The online survey was completed by K–12 school nurses and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Among the 52 participants, only 23% (n = 12) indicated that resources they were currently using to interpret health information always met their language needs, with the most common resource described as school personnel who can speak the language needed for interpretation. To improve communication, most (73%; n = 38) participants described preferences for in-person resources and estimated that if on-demand interpreter resources were readily available, they would use on-demand resources for approximately 3.6 hours per week. By improving linguistic and cultural competencies among students and families with limited English proficiency, school nurses can improve student health outcomes.
The Green Morocco Plan in Boudnib: Examining Effects on Rural Livelihoods
Authors: Elder Alison D.
Published: May 2022

In southeastern Morocco, irrigated agriculture is expanding rapidly in a desert area formerly characterized by oasis agriculture and livestock grazing. The 2008 Green Morocco Plan (GMP) is fueling this expansion with incentives encouraging agricultural growth and foreign investment. Despite the GMP’s green, poverty fighting claims, job opportunities are low-paying and unreliable and water supply is decreasing. Outsider investors and farmers benefit from free groundwater and cheap local labor, leaving locals to deal with the long-term ecological damage. This research utilizes a mixed methods approach including document analysis, semi-structured interviews, household surveys, and a roundtable discussion. It examines GMP implementation in Boudnib as a continuation of historical, state-managed water policies that emphasize technological fixes and ignore associated social and environmental costs. It calls for action on the part of those in power to prevent the deepening of existing inequalities and threats to the livelihoods and environment of already vulnerable populations.
Don’t Look Up: Science Communication Revisited
Authors: Angelone Samer
Published: May 2022

In my workshops, Storytelling and Storyboarding Science, I teach scientists how to use the narrative techniques and strategies employed in movies to produce persuasive presentations and publications. Although the movie Don’t Look Up was initially intended as an allegory about climate change and the idea that decision makers are not listening to scientists, this movie does in fact highlight important issues regarding how scientists communicate science to the wider public. In this article, I discuss how this movie illustrates the challenges that I teach my students to cope with in science communication.
Venous Thromboembolism In Cancer Patients: “From Evidence to Care”
Authors: Salgado Mercedes , Brozos-Vázquez Elena , Campos Begoña , González-Villarroel Paula , Pérez María Eva , Vázquez-Tuñas María Lidia , Arias David
Published: May 2022

This article seeks to review the current status of treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) in cancer patients after the addition of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) to the therapeutic arsenal available. The suitability of DOAC use in complex clinical situations, poorly represented in clinical trials, is controversial and difficult for care activity, making the recommendations in clinical practice guidelines the focus of special attention in this area. Recently, several randomized trials have compared low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) to DOAC for the management of CAT. Potential drug interactions with DOACs or the increased risk of bleeding in intraluminal tumors require special precautions, as do metastatic or primary brain disease and comorbid conditions, such as renal or liver failure, which are not suitably represented in pivotal studies. Furthermore, few data are available for situations involving elevated bleeding risk, with thrombocytopenia levels below the inclusion criterion of clinical trials, or recurrence during active anticoagulant therapy. Similarly, it is less clear that patients and physicians accept the presumption that oral DOAC administration is more convenient than subcutaneous LMWH, particularly when drug absorption may be compromised. The non-inclusion or under-representation of patients at higher risk for complications with anticoagulation in randomized clinical trials, makes their use complex in certain situations in health care. This paper provides a practical review of current clinical guideline recommendations regarding LMWH and/ or DOAC to treat and prevent CAT, as well as the most controversial clinical conditions for their use.
Investigation of the frictional damping in friction induced vibration
Authors: Liu Xiaogang , Wu Junbo , Zhou Huiyang
Published: May 2022

Some phenomena of friction induced vibration can be illustrated using negative damping theory, basing on the assumption that the frictional damping of friction induced vibration is constant. The frictional damping of friction induced vibration, however, has not been investigated in details yet. In order to address this problem, a test rig is developed in this research to provide a constant sliding velocity underneath the block. In order to acquire the frictional damping of friction induced vibration, force and vibration should be measured simultaneously. As Fibre Bragg Grating sensing technology can measure distributed systems simultaneously, it is applied to develop the force sensor and acceleration sensor. The natural frequencies of these two sensors designed by finite element method are much higher than the vibration frequency of the test rig acquired with analytical method, ensuring the accuracy of measurement. The force and vibration are measured by the force sensor and acceleration sensor that connected together via one fibre, and the results show that measured dominant frequencies of force and vibration are consistent at various sliding velocities when the block vibrates steadily. In comparison, the dominant vibration frequencies of the test rig acquired by experimental method are slightly lower than the vibration frequency acquired by analytical method due to the existence of frictional damping at the contact interface. A mathematical method for the frictional damping at various sliding velocities is developed, and the results show that the frictional damping is constant when sliding velocity is beyond a certain value, which can verify the assumption that the frictional damping of friction induced vibration is constant, thus complementing negative damping theory.
Dynamic amplification in a periodic structure with a transition zone subject to a moving load: Three different phenomena
Authors: Fărăgău Andrei B , de Oliveira Barbosa João M , Metrikine Andrei V , van Dalen Karel N
Published: May 2022

The study of periodic systems under the action of moving loads is of high practical importance in railway, road, and bridge engineering, among others. Even though plenty of studies focus on periodic systems, few of them are dedicated to the influence of a local inhomogeneous region, a so-called transition zone, on the dynamic response. In railway engineering, these transition zones are prone to significant degradation, leading to more maintenance requirements than the rest of the structure. This study aims to identify and investigate phenomena that arise due to the combination of periodicity and local inhomogeneity in a system acted upon by a moving load. To study such phenomena in their purest form, a one-dimensional model is formulated consisting of a constant moving load acting on an infinite string periodically supported by discrete springs and dashpots, with a finite domain in which the stiffness and damping of the supports is larger than for the rest of the infinite domain; this model is representative of a catenary system (overhead wires in railway tracks). The identified phenomena can be considered as additional constraints for the design parameters at transition zones such that dynamic amplifications are avoided.
From the Tag to the #Hashtag: Street Art, Instagram, and Gentrification
Authors: Polson Erika
Published: May 2022

One of the key trends that can be seen in gentrifying environments is the use of “street art” murals, which are increasingly connected to official government-sanctioned “street art festivals,” to decorate the walls of urban neighborhoods—sometimes located in officially designated “arts” or “creative districts.” In this article, I consider the role that Instagram practices have played in the popularization of such districts. In a case study of Denver’s RiNo Art District, I argue that as street art is used to turn everyday urban environments into sites of adventurous exploration, the sharing of images from these discoveries on social media helps to make territories more familiar and thus more open to socioeconomic change. This case is considered as an example of how mediatization is connected to gentrification processes.
The mediating role of vaccine hesitancy in the relations of COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs and vaccination outcomes: Which dimensions matter?
Authors: Howard Matt C. , Davis Maggie M.
Published: May 2022

COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs have a powerful detrimental influence on COVID-19 vaccine perceptions and behaviors. We investigate an expanded range of outcomes for COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs, and we test which vaccine hesitancy dimensions mediate these relations. Our results show that COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs relate to COVID-19 vaccination willingness and receipt, flu vaccination willingness and receipt, as well as vaccine word-of-mouth. Many of these relations are mediated by vaccine hesitancy dimensions that represent perceptions that vaccines pose health risks as well as perceptions that vaccines are not needed because the respondent is healthy. Our discussion identifies directions for future research.
Test and development of SMA-based negative stiffness isolation device
Authors: Shao Chenxi , Cao Sasa
Published: May 2022

Although shape memory alloy (SMA) wires/cables can improve the re-centering capacity of traditional isolation devices to prevent residual displacement, pounding, or falling of girders, they also raise the forces in the substructure since the stiffness of the device is increased. In this paper, quasi-static lateral shear tests of an SMA-based negative stiffness isolation device were conducted at first to reduce the increased forces of the substructure. The mechanical properties and the failure modes of the SMA-based negative stiffness isolation device are studied. Next, the SMA-based negative stiffness isolation device is updated based on its failure modes. Finally, the mechanical properties of the improved device were numerically studied. The results show that the new SMA-based negative stiffness isolation device can partially reduce the force responses of the substructure in addition to keeping excellent re-centering capability. Moreover, it can also limit the excessive displacement of bridges to prevent the girders from falling.
The life of people with dementia who have multiple children in rural China: A phenomenological case study
Authors: Yang Juan , Zhang Xiubin , McCormack Brendan , Andrew Jane
Published: May 2022

Objectives

The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of a rural dwelling person living with dementia and his children. Using a phenomenological case study methodology, it aims to explore the health-related and personal dilemmas faced by multiple family members who provide care to a person living with dementia in a rural area in Henan, China. The study also investigates the barriers to quality dementia care in this kind of setting in order to inform the relevant stakeholders.

Method

A phenomenological case study was designed for this study. The case that formed the focus of the research included a person living with dementia and multiple family members. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were undertaken with the five family members of the person living with dementia. Smith’s interpretative phenomenological analysis was used for data analysis.

Findings

Three major themes were identified: (1) Dementia as a normal ageing process or a bad disease; (2) Commitment to and challenges of family caring and (3) Life in rural areas.

Conclusion

With the development of China’s economy and its social-cultural changes, traditional home-based care provision in rural areas of China is being challenged for people with dementia who have multiple children. It suggests that there needs to be an exploration into providing more appropriate care for people with dementia living in rural settings. It also suggests that more support is required to increase dementia awareness and to improve the quality of life of people with dementia and their families in rural China.
Assessment tools for measurement of dementia-friendliness of a community: A scoping review
Authors: Diaz Laura G , Durocher Evelyne , Gardner Paula , McAiney Carrie , Mokashi Vishal , Letts Lori
Published: May 2022

Background

A quantitative assessment of the dementia-friendliness of a community can support planning and evaluation of dementia-friendly community (DFC) initiatives, internal review, and national/international comparisons, encouraging a more systematic and strategic approach to the advancement of DFCs. However, assessment of the dementia-friendliness of a community is not always conducted and continuous improvement and evaluation of the impact of dementia-friendly initiatives are not always undertaken. A dearth of applicable evaluation tools is one reason why there is a lack of quantitative assessments of the dementia-friendliness of communities working on DFC initiatives.

Purpose

A scoping review was conducted to identify and examine assessment tools that can be used to conduct quantitative assessments of the dementia-friendliness of a community.

Design and methods

Peer-reviewed studies related to DFCs were identified through a search of seven electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, EMCare, HealthSTAR, and AgeLine). Grey literature on DFCs was identified through a search of the World Wide Web and personal communication with community leads in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Characteristics of identified assessment tools were tabulated, and a narrative summary of findings was developed along with a discussion of strengths and weaknesses of identified tools.

Results

Forty tools that assess DFC features (built environment, dementia awareness and attitudes, and community needs) were identified. None of the identified tools were deemed comprehensive enough for the assessment of community needs of people with dementia.
Normalising spatial vulnerability in the era of climate crisis? Private property, informality, and post-disaster planning in peri-urban east Attica/Greece
Authors: Triantis Loukas
Published: May 2022

This paper focuses on the peri-urban space of east Attica and aims to theorise the politics of recovery planning following the wildfire of 23 July 2018, showing the crucial interrelations between vulnerability, space and land development processes in an era of climate crisis. Certain processes of land development increase vulnerability, creating a greater risk of disasters. Through critical discourse and content analysis, we trace the genealogy of peri-urban land development trends in Greece, and explore connections with contemporary theoretical debates, focussing on the burnt area of east Attica as a paradigmatic case study. Particular emphasis is placed on understanding dimensions beyond, beside, outside or even within recovery policies and planning, such as land ownership, private property, formal and informal practices and institutional adaptations during climate crisis. Considering particular land development processes as an inherent and integral part of spatial vulnerability regimes, we argue that, insofar as they maintain and reproduce the factors that produce and reproduce it, post-disaster recovery policies and planning may actually normalise spatial vulnerability, thus leading to future disasters.
Diabetic nephropathy ameliorated in patients with normal home blood pressure compared to those with isolated high home systolic blood pressure: A 5-year prospective cohort study among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kitagawa Nobuko , Ushigome Emi , Kitagawa Noriyuki , Ushigome Hidetaka , Yokota Isao , Nakanishi Naoko , Hamaguchi Masahide , Asano Mai , Yamazaki Masahiro , Fukui Michiaki
Published: May 2022

Background:

Using normal home blood pressure (home BP) as a reference, isolated high home systolic blood pressure (IH-home SBP) increases the risk of diabetic nephropathy. However, whether diabetic nephropathy would improve among diabetic patients without IH-home SBP has not been previously assessed.

Methods:

This prospective 5-year cohort study of 264 patients with moderate or severe albuminuria investigated the effect of IH-home SBP or normal home BP on the risk of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Improvement of diabetic nephropathy was defined as remission or regression from moderate or severe albuminuria to normal or mildly increased albuminuria.

Results:

Improvement of diabetic nephropathy was shown in 59 out of 264 patients during 5 years. The adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of normal home BP for improving diabetic nephropathy was 2.52 (1.01–5.99, p = 0.05).

Conclusion:

Normal home BP had relation to an improvement in diabetic nephropathy among type 2 diabetic patients with moderate and severe increased albuminuria in the observation period of 5 years. Good home BP control might be valuable to ameliorate diabetic nephropathy.