bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Wool-g-Glycidyl Methacrylate with a Constructed –SH Groups/Ammonium Persulfate Redox System and Characterization
Authors: LIU Xinhua , HOU Guangkai , ZHENG Hongliang , Li Wei
Published: March 2022

To explore suitable synthesis parameters of efficient graft copolymerization on wool, the disulfide bonds in wool chains were reduced to sulfhydryl groups by the treatment of thioglycolic acid to wool, and then wool-g-poly(glycidyl methacrylate) was prepared by graft copolymerization of wool with glycidyl methacrylate by building a redox system between sulfhydryl groups and ammonium persulfate. The wool-g-poly(glycidyl methacrylate) was characterized by the analyses of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric and x-ray diffraction. Influences of molar concentrations of monomer and initiator as well as reaction temperature on grafting ratios were investigated. The experimental results showed that the sulfhydryl groups/ammonium persulfate redox system built could effectively initiate graft polymerization of lipophilic glycidyl methacrylate on the wool surface in an aqueous medium. The suitable process parameters of graft copolymerization were: 0.6 mmol/L molar concentration of glycidyl methacrylate, 3.0 mmol/L molar concentration of ammonium persulfate, and reaction temperature of 50 ℃. At the suitable parameters, the grafting ratio of wool-g-poly(glycidyl methacrylate) showed a maximum value of 195.8 %, indicating an efficient graft copolymerization was achieved. The copolymerization could reduce the degree of crystallinity of wool. The wool-g-poly(glycidyl methacrylate) had higher thermal stability than raw wool at a temperature of below 406 ℃ by performing the thermogravimetric analysis. Based on the results, we successfully built new sulfhydryl groups on the wool/ammonium persulfate redox system, prepared the wool-g-poly(glycidyl methacrylate), and this work will lay an important foundation for the application of wool-g-poly(glycidyl methacrylate) in the textile field.
Korea und der Konfuzianismus
Authors: Lee Eun-Jeung
Published: March 2022

Korea plays a special role in the intellectual history of East Asia. Ever since the earliest times in their history, the states on the Korean peninsula have absorbed Chinese culture as well as other intellectual influences – e.g. Buddhism and, since the 18th century, Christian teachings – and developed independent interpretations of these doctrines. At the forefront of the various ideological currents was Confucianism, both as a state doctrine and as an everyday ethical system for Korean society as a whole. Despite all the transformations brought about by Korea's modernization over the past hundred years, Confucianism still plays an important role in Korea as well as in the current renaissance of Confucian doctrine in East Asia. This book traces the historical development of Confucianism on the Korean peninsula, describes its political instrumentalizations, and shows the diversity of its manifestations in Korea's past and present.
57-year-old Female with Unusual Left-arm Movements
Authors: Powell Christina , Rosenblatt Lauren , Bontempo Laura , Dezman Zachary
Published: March 2022

Introduction: A 57-year-old, right-hand dominant female presented to the emergency department striking herself with her left hand.
Case Presentation: The astute medical staff looked beyond a behavioral health etiology. A detailed history, physical examination, and workup reveals the fascinating final diagnosis.
Discussion: This case takes the reader through the differential diagnosis and systematic workup of uncontrolled limb movements with discussion of the studies which ultimately led to this patient’s diagnosis.
Augustine’s Use of Ps.-Athanasius on John 5:19 and the Chronology of De Consensu Euangelistarum
Authors: Beckwith Carl L. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2022

Augustine uses an unusual scriptural variant for the ending of John 5:19 twelve times. Ten occur in several Trinitarian writings produced around 418–420 CE. There is sufficient evidence to argue that Augustine’s use of Jerome’s translation of Didymus the Blind’s De spiritu sancto accounts for the presence of the variant in these writings. Augustine’s two earlier uses are more difficult to explain. The variant appears once in a sermon delivered at the end of 411 CE and once in De consensu euangelistarum, Book One, which is generally dated to 403–404 CE. The following article argues that Augustine’s use of ps.-Athanasius’s De trinitate, Book XI likely accounts for these two early uses.
"Beyond the Gates": René Girard and the Persistence of Sacrifice
Authors: Kirwan Michael ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2022

In 1972, René Girard’s La Violence et le Sacré was published, bringing widespread attention to his insights correlating religion, violence, and social and cultural formation. In 1992, the British philosopher Gillian Rose published an acerbic critique of Girard, taking issue with his demonization of the language and concept of sacrifice. For Rose, this placed Girard in the company of “postmodern” philosophers whose distrust of modern rationality and embrace of messianic alternatives amounted to an “exodus” from the imperium of reason. This article will revisit the dispute thirty years on: is it true that Girard has “left the city,” as Rose maintains? The charge is countered by a demonstration of the connection between Girardian theory and two areas of philosophical investigation: theodicy and the problem of evil; and political theory in the light of the ”return of the theo-political.” In the light of these, an overall re-assessment of Rose’s critique will be offered. Throughout, the persistence of ”sacrifice” as a philosophical and theological category will be noted.
A Revival of Metaphysics?
Authors: McMeans Joseph ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2022

In this article, I seek to review Philip Gonzales’s call for a revitalization of the Catholic analogia entis, both as a fundamental philosophical principle and as a guiding metaphysical vision for the Church today, as explicated in his recent work, Reimagining the Analogia Entis: The Future of Erich Pryzwara’s Christian Vision. I will begin by offering a short synopsis of Erich Przywara’s reappraisal of analogy in relation to the work of Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger, followed by an exposition of Philip Gonzales’s call for a non-identical repetition of Przywara’s metaphysical vision both in philosophy and the Church at large. In closing, I will seek to offer an evaluation of Gonzales’s proposal from a supportive yet concerned horizon of postmetaphysical mindfulness.
Limnoterrestrial ‘Typhloplanidae’ (Rhabdocoela, Platyhelminthes), with the description of four new species and a new genus
Authors: Houben Albrecht M. , Monnens Marlies , Proesmans Willem , Artois Tom J.
Published: March 2022

Four new species of limnoterrestrial rhabdocoels (‘Typhloplanidae’ Graff, 1905) are described. One of these – Faunulus nielsi Houben, Proesmans & Artois gen. et sp. nov. – could not be unambiguously placed within an existing genus. Faunulus nielsi most closely resembles species of the genus Adenocerca Reisinger, 1924 but can be clearly distinguished by the position of the testes. The three other new species described are Bryoplana belgica Houben, Proesmans & Artois sp. nov., Hoplopera isis Houben, Proesmans & Artois sp. nov., and Protoplanella leiae Houben, Proesmans & Artois sp. nov. All three belong to the subfamily ‘Protoplanellinae’ Reisinger, 1924 and are distinguished based on a detailed description of the reproductive system. Finally, new data are provided for nine other, known typhloplanids: Adenocerca minima Kolasa, 1981; Chorizogynopora italica Kolasa, 1981; Hoplopera opaca Reisinger, 1924; K. subterranea Reisinger, 1933; Krumbachia virginiana (Kepner & Carter, 1931) Ruebush, 1938; Olisthanellinella rotundula Reisinger, 1924; Prorhynchella minuta Ruebush, 1939; Protoplanella simplex Reisinger, 1924; and Ventrociliella romanae Kolasa, 1977. A detailed comparison of our material of V. romanae to what is described for Bockia deses Reisinger, 1924, leads us to consider the latter a nomen dubium.
Energy conversion during electrically actuated jumping of droplets
Authors: Liu Xiao-Juan , Li Zhan-Qi , Jin Zhi-Gang , Huang Zhi , Wei Jia-Zheng , Zhao Cun-Lu , Wang Zhan-Tao ,   College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhongshan Polytechnic, Zhongshan 528400, China,   School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Published: March 2022

Many industrial technologies, such as condensation cooling and fuel cells, require solid-liquid separation. Electrowetting is a very effective method of inducing droplets to detach from hydrophobic surfaces, and it is very convenient to control. The jumping of droplets excited by an electric field depends on the conversion of surface energy into kinetic energy and other forms of energy. At present, there is still a lack of in-depth research on this process. In this study, a high-speed camera is used to capture the jumping motion of a droplet on a hydrophobic surface under the actuation of electrowetting, and the threshold voltage that causes the droplet to detach is estimated based on the changes in contact angle and droplet shape. A self-written Matlab program is used to analyze and calculate the various forms of energy in the process of droplets detaching and subsequent bouncing. The results show that there is an obvious coupling relationship between the kinetic energy and potential energy of the droplet’s center of mass during the flight of the droplet from the surface. The vibrational kinetic energy and surface potential energy also show a certain coupling relationship during the flight phase. The internal dissipation caused by the viscosity of the droplet increases with the droplet oscillation amplitude increasing, and decays with time. Because it can cause the droplet to oscillate and deform and create more surface energy, AC pulses are more efficient than direct current in the droplet bounce. By revealing the energy conversion and dissipation mechanism in the process of droplet jumping driven by electrowetting, a theoretical reference is provided for the application of this technology in solid-liquid separation and three-dimensional digital microfluidics.
Data inversion and erroneous annealing of floating gate cell under proton radiation
Authors: Liu Ye , Guo Hong-Xia , Ju An-An , Zhang Feng-Qi , Pan Xiao-Yu , Zhang Hong , Gu Zhao-Qiao , Liu Yi-Tian , Feng Ya-Hui ,   School of Material Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China,   Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, China
Published: March 2022

In this paper, the 60-MeV proton beam is used to carry out the proton irradiation experiment on NAND (not and) flash memory, the single-event-upset cross section data of the floating gate cell are obtained, the annealing rule of the floating gate cell errors is analyzed, and the effect of proton irradiation on the data retention capability of floating gate cells is studied. The obtained results are as follows. The single-event-upset cross section of the floating gate cell increases with the increase of proton energy, and decreases with the increase of proton fluence. The floating gate cell errors continue to increase over time, and this effect is more pronounced when low energy protons are incident. After proton irradiation, the data retention capability of the floating gate cell is significantly degraded. The analysis suggests that the high energy protons are indirectly ionized through the nuclear reaction with the target atom, causing single-event-upset of the floating gate cell. The correlation between the upset cross section and the proton fluence is due to the difference in single-event-effect sensitivity of the floating gate cell. The proton-induced non-ionizing damage can form partially permanent defect damage in the tunnel oxide layer, creating multiple auxiliary trap channels that can leak floating gate electrons, resulting in the increase of floating gate cell errors and the degradation of data retention capability.
Phonon weak couplings in nanoscale thermophysics
Authors: Pan Dong-Kai , Zong Zhi-Cheng , Yang Nuo ,   School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China,   College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
Published: March 2022

With the development of nanoscale thermophysics, a vast number of novel phenomena have emerged, which closely relate to phonon weak couplings. The causes of phonon weak couplings mechanism and related physical discoveries are discussed in this article, including the size effect of low-dimensional systems, multi-temperature model, and van der Waals cross interfaces. Corresponding frontier researches are also summarized. The current problems of phonon weak couplings, such as how to add phonon wave-like behaviors into the theoretical model, are also briefly discussed and prospected.
Inclusion on Purpose
Authors: Tulshyan Ruchika
Published: March 2022

How organizations can foster diversity, equity, and inclusion: taking action to address and prevent workplace bias while centering women of color.

Few would disagree that inclusion is both the right thing to do and good for business. Then why are we so terrible at it? If we believe in the morality and the profitability of including people of diverse and underestimated backgrounds in the workplace, why don't we do it? Because, explains Ruchika Tulshyan in this eye-opening book, we don't realize that inclusion takes awareness, intention, and regular practice. Inclusion doesn't just happen; we have to work at it. Tulshyan presents inclusion best practices, showing how leaders and organizations can meaningfully promote inclusion and diversity.

Tulshyan centers the workplace experience of women of color, who are subject to both gender and racial bias. It is at the intersection of gender and race, she shows, that we discover the kind of inclusion policies that benefit all. Tulshyan debunks the idea of the “level playing field” and explains how leaders and organizations can use their privilege for good by identifying and exposing bias, knowing that they typically have less to lose in speaking up than a woman of color does. She explains why “leaning in” doesn't work—and dismantling structural bias does; warns against hiring for “culture fit,” arguing for “culture add” instead; and emphasizes the importance of psychological safety in the workplace—you need to know that your organization has your back. With this important book, Tulshyan shows us how we can make progress toward inclusion and diversity—and we must start now.
Lactococcus lactis secreting phage lysins as a potential antimicrobial against multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Chandran Carumathy , Tham Hong Yun , Abdul Rahim Raha , Lim Swee Hua Erin , Yusoff Khatijah , Song Adelene Ai-Lian
Published: March 2022

Background

Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic Gram-positive bacterium that can form biofilm and become resistant to many types of antibiotics. The treatment of multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MDRSA) infection is difficult since it possesses multiple antibiotic-resistant mechanisms. Endolysin and virion-associated peptidoglycan hydrolases (VAPGH) enzymes from bacteriophage have been identified as potential alternative antimicrobial agents. This study aimed to assess the ability of Lactococcus lactis NZ9000 secreting endolysin and VAPGH from S. aureus bacteriophage 88 to inhibit the growth of S. aureus PS 88, a MDRSA.

Method

Endolysin and VAPGH genes were cloned and expressed in L. lactis NZ9000 after fusion with the SPK1 signal peptide for secretion. The recombinant proteins were expressed and purified, then analyzed for antimicrobial activity using plate assay and turbidity reduction assay. In addition, the spent media of the recombinant lactococcal culture was analyzed for its ability to inhibit the growth of the S. aureus PS 88.

Results

Extracellular recombinant endolysin (Endo88) and VAPGH (VAH88) was successfully expressed and secreted from L. lactis which was able to inhibit S. aureus PS 88, as shown by halozone formation on plate assays as well as inhibition of growth in the turbidity reduction assay. Moreover, it was observed that the spent media from L. lactis NZ9000 expressing Endo88 and VAH88 reduced the viability of PS 88 by up to 3.5-log reduction with Endo88 being more efficacious than VAH88. In addition, Endo88 was able to lyse all MRSA strains tested and Staphylococcus epidermidis but not the other bacteria while VAH88 could only lyse S. aureus PS 88.

Conclusion

Recombinant L. lactisNZ9000 expressing phage 88 endolysin may be potentially developed into a new antimicrobial agent for the treatment of MDRSA infection.
Intestinal Metastases from Unknown Primary Masquerading as Primary Colonic NeoplasmsDiagnostic Dilemma Elucidated by Detailed Clinical Evaluation
Authors: Mandal Meghadipa , Chowdhury Anadiroy
Published: March 2022

Intestinal metastasis from unknown primary may simulate a primary colonic neoplasm in its clinical presentation. The gross histopathological examination may also mimic primary intestinal pathology. The diagnostic dilemma is furthered by paucity of available knowledge due to the limited literature. This article discusses three such cases, all of which clinically presented with bowel symptoms, either in the form of acute abdomen or intestinal obstruction. The imaging studies pointed towards an intestinal pathology. Although the initial presentation was dubious, on delving into the medical and surgical history, all of them had a previous known malignant neoplasm on different sites like skin, ovary and cervix. The diagnosis of intestinal metastasis of melanoma, High Grade Serous Carcinoma (HGSC) of ovary and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of cervix, respectively, were supported by suggestive histomorphology and ancillary studies like immunohistochemistry in one of the cases. The most alluring of the above three cases was that of intestinal metastasis from melanoma, where lack of melanin pigment made the histological diagnosis difficult. After retrieving medical history along with diffuse S100 and HMB45 positivity, definitive conclusion could be opined. Thus, clinical history of the patient was the cornerstone for definitive diagnosis in all of the three cases. Primary colonic neoplasms and intestinal metastasis from previous known malignant neoplasms have totally different clinical and prognostic outcomes. So, identification of these cases is extremely important from treatment point of view. It is possible only based on detailed clinical evaluation, clear suspicion, suggestive histomorphology and suitable ancillary investigations.
Atypical Recurrent Presentation of Histologically Aggressive Type of Basal Cell Carcinoma with a Challenging Management- A Rare Case Report
Authors: Vendhan Kalaimamani Ezhil , Balakrishnan Kamala , Gautam Aparajita , Harshitha S , Jeyaprakash .
Published: March 2022

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of eyelid malignancy among white race individuals but is rare among blacks and Indians. BCC predominantly affects the sun exposed parts like the neck, back and face (88-90%). These tumours are mostly located on the lower eyelid margin and the medial canthus as upper eyelids are protected from the Ultraviolet (UV) sunrays by the eyebrows and superior orbital margin. Although BCC seldom metastasizes, it is nonetheless considered malignant, since it can infiltrate adjacent tissues and cause substantial deformity and destruction. Here, authors have reported a rare case of 55-year-old female patient with recurrence of surgically treated BCC of upper eyelid involving eyebrow. Surgical excision is the most common employed treatment of choice in extensive tumours. Patient had extensive recurrent spread of BCC in left upper eyelid with multiple small ulcers in and around the left eye with pain and no Perception of Light (PL) vision. Exenteration of left eye was done followed by split skin autografting at the site. BCC is usually not fatal, but early diagnosis and appropriate treatment promises better functionality and aesthetic outcome.
Range extension of Czeblukov’s true sea snake Hydrophis czeblukovi (Elapidae:Hydrophiinae) southwest to Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia
Authors: Davenport A.M. , d’Anastasi B.R. , Fitzpatrick B.M.
Published: March 2022

Our understanding of the biology and ecology of many Australian marine snakes is inadequate to inform the conservation and management of their populations. Czeblukov’s true sea snake Hydrophis czeblukovi (Elapidae:Hydrophiinae) is an example of this, with an IUCN classification of “Data Deficient”. It is a wholly marine, ovoviviparous snake that is distinguishable by its dark colouration and unique pale banding forming dark pentagons on its dorsal surface and flanks. A recent biological survey in Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia found a recently dead H. czeblukovi specimen. This extends the species geographical range by approximately 300 kilometres southwest (minimum seaward distance). The stranding likely arose from the persistent onshore winds observed prior to the discovery or from self-stranding due to illness. This discovery brings the total number of marine snake species recorded from Exmouth Gulf to 11 out of ~24 known to occur in WA waters, which highlights the importance of this location for marine snake conservation. Here we compile the scarce knowledge for this data deficient species. We discuss the conservation implications of our findings in context of the dense industrial activity across the range of H. czeblukovi. We indicate the need for further research to inform conservation and management actions.
Awareness of Organisational Responsibility and Perceived Satisfaction Level of Farmer Producer Company Shareholders of Kerala, India
Authors: Ajith Akhil , Binoo B. P.
Published: March 2022

The research study aimed to understand responsibility awareness and satisfaction levels of primary producers who were shareholders of different producer companies of the State of Kerala, India and analyse the relationship between socioeconomic variables with the same. Study sample constituted of 120 shareholders of different farmer producer companies in the state. The overall responsibility and satisfaction levels for the respondents were found to be 68.81% and 62.24% respectively. The study revealed that 51% of the producers had awareness about the organisational laws while only 46 % of them took effort to read the by-laws and written rules of the organisation. The lowest satisfaction levels were noted for “Input supply” and “Expert visits” components. Out of the six socioeconomic variables, three variables exhibited positive correlation with the awareness of organisational responsibility and two variables had positive correlation with satisfaction levels measured. From this study, it is clear that improving the input supply services and arranging extension services to shareholders can improve their satisfaction level with the FPCs and improve their attitude. Responsibility sensitisation may be carried out through trainings designed for this purpose to various stakeholders, with special focus on the less educated senior shareholders.
Leverage of Firms and Earnings Management Practices in Nigeria Pre and Post IFRS Adoption Periods
Authors: Enakirerhi Lucky Izobo , Ewiwile Stephen , Orowhuo Wobo Henry
Published: March 2022

It has been argued that taking on more leverage in firm’s capital structure will force managers to disclose more information in line with agency theory and theoretically, this is expected to increase in postIFRS periods. Whether, this theoretical assertion holds in the case of Nigeria is subject to academic debate. Thus, the paper examines the association between leverage and earnings manipulative practice of firms in Nigeria pre and postIFRS periods and attempt to test the assertion of agency theory that higher leverage will be beneficial to improved earnings quality dues to pressure on managers by bondholders. The study incorporated data for 87 listed firms on the floor of the Nigeria Stock Exchange for 10 years, 5 years preIFRS (2007 to 2011) and 5 years postI FRS (2012 to 2016) making 870 firm year observations. It disaggregated the periods into pre and postIFRS to enable the researcher test for the effect of adoption. The panel regressions estimate (Random effect model) was used to test the effect of the association between the independent and dependent variables. The results deviate from norms and show that although taking on leverage in the capital structure of firms could be beneficial to earnings quality in line with agency theory in preIFRS, this benefit had been eroded after Nigeria’s adoption of the global standards. In postIFRS, leverage has a positive association, indicating that more leverage resulted in increased manipulation. Performance of firms proved to be an important factor affecting earnings quality as the results showed that lower performance was likely associated with increased earnings management practice post IFRS. The study is original and deviate from norms, puncturing the beliefs that IFRS adoption would limit managers’ ability to manipulate earnings. It also found, against popular assertion, that increased leverage may not be associated with reduced earnings manipulative practices. Leverage is unlikely to prevent earnings management practices.
Research on the Cognition of Pre-service High School Mathematics Teachers for Implementing Mathematical Abstract Literacy
Authors: Meng Yanyun , Sun Haojie , Zhou Xun , Yang Zezhong
Published: March 2022

Currently, mathematical abstract literacy has attracted extensive attention from all walks of life. Many relevant problems about it have been studied except the cognition of implementing mathematical abstract literacy of pre-service high school mathematics teachers. To address this gap, this study investigates 51 pre-service high school mathematics teachers through open-ended interviews in order to learn about the cognitive situation of pre-service high school mathematics teachers for implementing mathematical abstract literacy. After analyzing, it can be found that about implementing mathematical abstract literacy: 1. Pre-service high school mathematics teachers do not have a comprehensive cognition; their cognition, both overall and in different dimensions, is not half of the number of recommendations for implementation made by previous authors, and the subjects they realize for implementation are limited to both teachers and students. 2. Pre-service high school mathematics teachers do not have a very reasonable cognition; there is a certain one-sidedness, and some of the ideas lack feasibility or effectiveness, which need to be further explored and considered. Therefore, it is suggested that: 1. Experts and teachers who are responsible for educating teachers should increase emphasis on mathematical abstraction literacy and provide pre-service teachers with more opportunities to practice teaching. 2. Pre-service teachers should take the initiative to study and research, focus on combining theory and practice, and continuously reflect, adjust and improve.
Influence of Irrigation Water Deficit on Forage Yield, and Water Utilization Efficiency for Sorghum and Cowpea Forage Crops
Authors: El-Gaafarey Tamer G. , Elraouf Kasem Amira Abd , M. El-Nahrawy Shereen
Published: March 2022

The present study was carried out at Sakha Agricultural Research Station (clayey soils) during 2018 and 2019 to find out the role of water deficit on yield and some water relations for sorghum and cowpea summer forage crops. Three irrigation levels were executed; 100% (full irrigation), 90% (10% deficit) and 80% (20% deficit). Results showed that increasing water deficit, markedly led to decreasing fresh, dry yield and plant height at the three cuts in the two seasons. Regarding water relations, irrigation level with 90% (10% deficit) resulted in several advantages; almost same yield as recorded under full irrigation, 10% water saving as well as the highest values of water productivity (WP) and productivity of irrigation water (PIW). The mean values of fresh sorghum forage yield can be arranged in descending order as; 2917.0 > 2857.5 > 2561.0 kg.plot-1, while the corresponding values of the dry weight were; 381.6> 367.8> 319.6 kg.plot-1. Plant height for cowpea slightly affected with different irrigation treatments. On the contrary, both fresh and dry yields were significantly affected with water level or deficit irrigation. Moreover, the effect was highly significant in connection with the combined analysis. In this regard, mean values of fresh yield descending arranged as; 1502.5> 1447.0> 1321.5 kg.plot-1 for treatments A(control), B (90%) and C (80%), respectively. The corresponding values regarding dry yield are 253.5, 241.0 and 215.4 kg.plot-1. Comparing the deficit treatments with the control irrigation (Trt. A), overall mean decrease in fresh yield was 3.7% for treatment B (90%) and 12% for treatment C (80%). While, the corresponding decrease in dry yield were 4.9% and 15.0%.We can conclude that forage yield of sorghum and cowpea  not affect by water irrigation deficit about 10% at Middle North Nile Delta area.
Use of Academic Social Networks among Myanmar Academicians
Authors: Shwe Khin Mar
Published: March 2022

This study investigates to know Myanmar academicians’ use of academic social networks, with especially focus on the Google scholar, Academia.edu and Researchgate. Adopting the descriptive survey design, the study used web based questionnaires as research instrument and were distributed among academicians in Arts and Science Universities in Myanmar. In total, 500 academicians filled in questionnaire were received back. The finding reveals that Myanmar academicians have knowledge of academic social networks. Google scholar is the most common used academic social network among Myanmar academicians. Academicians want to gain more new research area and researchers, but also more communicate with academic social network members for their academic works by joining academic social networks. Furthermore, academicians knew how to use academic social networks for their academic life. Academic social networks are recognized as important one for academicians and also academic social networks should be put into better research tool services.
In-vitro Susceptibility Profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Selected Medicinal Plants Obtained from University of Calabar Farm, Nigeria
Authors: E. Andy Iniobong , A. Okpo Ekomobong , E. Ubengama Christiana
Published: March 2022

Antibiotic resistance represents the greatest challenges to global health. Strategies to curb the menace of antibiotic resistance include researching for new antimicrobials from plants. This study is aimed at determine the in-vitro susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Chromolaena odorata, Jatropha tanjorensis, Ocimum gratissimum, Vernonia amydalina, Hibiscus sabdariffa and Aloe barbadensis obtained within University of Calabar farm. All the test carried out were performed according to standard microbiological procedure. Ethanol was used for extraction of Phytochemicals and were purified using column chromatography. In-vitro susceptibility of selected plants against P. aeruginosa was in the order C. odorata>J. tanjorensis > O. gratissimum > H. sabdariffa >V. amydalina > A. barbadensis (Aloe vera). The result revealed that the leaves of C. odorata had the highest antimicrobial effect against P. aeruginosa. The first column of all the plant extracts showed no antimicrobial activity. MIC of C. odorata, J. tanjorensis, O. gratissimum and H. sabdariffa were observed in 10-7, 10-6, 10-5 and 10-4 dilution respectively. Statistical analysis between the zone of inhibitions and layers of column chromatography was significant (<0.05). Ethanol extract and the third column of Chromolaena odorata, Jatropha tanjorensis, Ocimum gratissimum have great potential antibacterial activity against P.  aeruginosa.
Physiological Quality of Badea Seeds (Passiflora quadrangularis L.) with and Without Storingon Different Substrates
Authors: Barros Daniella Inácio , Nunes Helber Veras , Pires Cardeal Indira Rayane , Godói Milhomem Valeska De , Aguiar Coelho Luiza Borges , Senna Quirino Mariana , De Oliveira Liomar Borges , Alencar Libório Ricardo , Gomes Sales Paulo Victor , Napoli Nunes Bruno Henrique Di
Published: March 2022

Badea is known for the size and shape of the fruit, or as giant passion fruit. The propagation of passifloraceas is mainly done by means of seeds. Seed conservation is one of the main steps in seedling production that makes it possible to guarantee the maximum quality of theseed for a given period oftime and can be done through refrigeration.The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Tocantins, city of Gurupi/TO, from March 17 to August 10, 2020. After fruit harvesting, pulping was performed using running water and light friction in the nylon sieve with sand to facilitate the separation of the seed and pulp. Then the seeds were placed on a paper towel for 24hours, partly storedin the refrigerator for 10 days, and another part is sownimmediately. The seeds of passion fruit melon, without storage, sowed in the commercial substrate, showed greater viability and vigor.
Statement on the Use of Untreated Manure Containing Raw Sewage
Authors: Lassen Jørgen , Eckner Karl , Lunestad Bjørn-Tore , Kapperud Georg , Nygård Karin , Robertson Lucy , Nesbakken Truls , Tranulis Michael , Tryland Morten , Yazdankhah Siamak
Published: March 2022

The Norwegian department of agriculture decided to re-evaluate the Regulation No. 951 of 4 July 2003 on fertilizers and soil improvers of organic origin. The Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA) requested VKM for a statement on the use of manure from farms where grey water and human waste (sewage) is disposed of directly to the farm manure cellar.

Consideration was given to differences in risk according to the types of domestic wastewater, the species of animal from which the manure derived, the extent and type of sanitary facilities, the crops to which the amended manure is applied, and the effects of storage on infection risk.

According to current legislation, sewage sludge cannot be spread on land where vegetables, potatoes, berries or fruit are grown. Furthermore, sewage cannot be spread on meadows or used for horticultural purposes. In private gardens, parks, playgrounds and similar residential areas, sewage may be used only as a component in a fertiliser, and not applied at the surface. Use of sewage as a fertilizer for the cultivation of grains is permitted. Sewage can also be used when establishing vegetation along roads and embankments.

VKM concludes that manure cellars, to which wastewater, from private household use, and sewage from toilets in the outbuildings are drained, may contain pathogens from humans, in addition to those pathogens originating from animals. The quantity and species of pathogens in this sewage-amended manure would reflect the species and prevalence of pathogens in the population using the facilities. Although the prevalence of intestinal pathogens in the Norwegian human population is relatively low, it should be noted that farms in Norway often provide tourist accommodation, camping facilities, and may house migrant short-term employees during the summer season during which labour requirements are increased. Thus non-Norwegian populations may also use toilet facilities on these farms, and thus when considering the risk of human pathogens, consideration should also be given to people from countries where the prevalence of such pathogens may be higher.

As many viruses and parasites are host-specific, the risk of contamination of produce with human pathogens from such manure is likely to be greater than from manure which has not been amended with untreated sewage.

Pathogen survival is affected by storage, but it should be noted that some pathogens have robust and environmentally resistant transmission stages (e.g. parasite oocysts, cysts and eggs), a proportion of which may survive for prolonged periods in stored manure.
Use of Statistical Models in Yield Forecasting of Wheat, Mustard and Potato Crop in Western Districts of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh Ajit , Nagar Viniti , Tanwar Nitin , Shahi U. P. , Bhan S. C.
Published: March 2022

Twenty five year (1992 to 2017) of weather data of wheat, mustard and potato crop for 11 districts Aligarh, Baghpat, Barielly, Bijnor, Bulandshahar, Gaziabad, Meerut, Muzaffarnagar, Rampur, Saharnpur and Sahjahnpur of Western Uttar Pradesh were used to develop pre harvest yield prediction model. Every year Agromet Field Unit (AMFU) Modipuram generate district level yield forecasting model for major crops (wheat, mustard and poatato) pre-harvest stage (F3) for the seasons i.e. rabi. Considering the importance of wheat, mustard and potato crop a attempt was made to develop pre harvest yield forecasting models, in the selected 11 districts of western Uttar Pradesh. The models were validated with 2015 and 2016 data set. The results revealed that per harvest for forecasting model had F3 stage R2 values between 0.44 to 0.96 per cent for wheat crop , 0.57 to 0.87 per cent for mustard crop to and 0.54 and 0.99 per cent for Potato crop in the different districts of western Uttar-Pradesh. During both the years of validation the observed yields were in good agreement with forecasted yield for wheat, mustard as well as potato crop.
First Report of New Invasive Thrips, Thrips parvispinus (Karny) (Thripidae: Thysanoptera) in Chilli Fields of Umreth in Anand District of Gujarat State
Authors: Patel N. B. , Bhagora J. K. , Raghunandan B. L. , Patel N. M.
Published: March 2022

During November 2021, a new invasive thrips Thrips parvispinus was recorded in chilli growing areas of Telangana state. In India, this pest was first reported on papaya (Carica papaya L.) and later on Brugmansia sp. (Solanaceae) and Dahlia rosea Cav. (Asteraceae). Based on these reports and alert received from ICAR-NBAIR, Bengaluru, a survey was carried out on new invasive thrips in major chilli growing areas of Anand district of Gujarat state. Incidence of T. parvispinus was noticed during the survey. The high population of invasive thrips (14-16 thrips/flower/plant) was recorded in chilli fields of Umreth taluka of Anand district and low population (4-6 thrips/flower/plant) was recorded in chilli fields of Anand, Anklav, Borsad, Petald, Sojitra and Tarapur talukas. It is highly essential to adopt IPM based strategies for the management of this invasive pest in chilli.
A Study to Determine the Prevalence of Traumatic Head Injuries in Zanzibar: Case Study of Mnazi Mmoja Hospital
Authors: Yusuf Said A. , J. Okafor Chukwuma , Said Said A. , Chussi Isack J. , Masoud Suhaila A. , R. Ali Salamuu , S. Bakar Shemsa , S. Juma Mohammed , Suleiman Adam R.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Worldwide, traumatic head injuries account for a high degree of morbidity and mortality. Road accidents appear to be the commonest cause of these injuries. This study is aimed at assessing the prevalence and predictive factors of Traumatic head injury at a tertiary institution health facility in Zanzibar.

Method: A retrospective observational study of  head injury patients that are attended  at Mnazi Mmoja Hospital, Zanzibar from May 2019 to May 2020

Results: A total number of 81 patients were included in the study and distributed as follows; 63 males (77.8%) and 18 females (22.2%) participants. The majority of patients were between the age group of 16-30 years and 40 (49.4%) in total. Road Traffic Accident was the leading cause of injuries (67.9%). Others include assault (13.6%), falling (13.6%), and being struck by an object (4.9%). The study also recorded a higher prevalence of traumatic brain injury TBI (57.9%), including, concussion (9.8%), contusion (18.5%), epidural hematoma (8.6%), skull fracture (14.8%), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (6.2%). This was compared with other causes of head injuries (42.1%) such as cut wounds (9.8%) and soft tissue injuries (32.1%). 64.2% of the patients were treated as outpatients, with 33.3% as inpatients. About 2.5% of the patients died. The west district recorded the highest prevalence of patients with injury rates compared to other districts.

Conclusion: Public awareness campaigns and health promotions concerning road safety rules are needed to help reduce the high burden of road traffic accidents.  Government should also pay attention to the improvement of roads as a way to curb this menace.
Influence of Calcium Hydroxide as an Intracanal Medicament on Apical Seal
Authors: Balani Pooja , Ahmed Hina
Published: March 2022

Aim of the Study: Aim of endodontic therapy is to restore the natural tooth functionally as well as esthetically. The success of the treatment depends predominantly on the reduction or complete eradication of pathogens and their byproducts (mechanically and chemically) along with adequate seal. Studies have concluded that chemo mechanical instrumentation alone will only render 50-70% of infected canals free of microorganisms therefore, an effective antimicrobial agent as intracanal medication should be used to improve treatment outcome. Moreover Improper apical seal has been reported as most common cause of endodontic treatment failure in different studies Therefore it is essential to know the effect of most commonly used intracanal medicament Ca (OH) 2 on apical seal, in order to reduce the chances of endodontic failure. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of intracanal medicament on apical seal.

Study Design: Quasi Experimental study.

Place of the Study: The samples were prepared at Ziauddin University and was analyzed at Karachi University.

Methodology: Mandibular premolars were prepared using step back technique and were divided into two groups.  In Group A, no intracanal medicament was placed and in Group B intracanal medicament was placed. Samples were placed in Indian ink dye for 7 days and were then cleaned in running water before sectioning up to 5 mm (1 mm each) using Microtome and analyzed under stereomicroscope. Shapiro-Wilks test and Mann Whitney U test was used for data analysis.

Results: Group with intracanal medicament showed least amount of dye penetration with mean value 2.30±1.832 as compared to non-medicated group mean value (2.96 ±1.69) but the results were not statically significant p value 0.072.

Conclusion: The results of this study concluded that there is no statistically significant difference in leakage between group A and group B (non-medicated and medicated group).
Evaluation of the Suitability of Carboxylmethyl Cellulose (CMC) from Rice Husks/Saw Dust as Replacement for Conventional Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose (HEC) as Additive for Cement Slurry Design
Authors: Mohammed Othman , Onuoha Wopara Fidelis , Emenike Wami
Published: March 2022

This study will evaluate the suitability and effectiveness of using Cellulose derived from Rice husk and Saw dust as cement slurry additive to replace the conventional cellulose in order to minimize cost and optimize drilling. Rice husks and Saw dusts were processed and Carboxylmethyl Cellulose (CMC) extracted with Sodium Hydroxide, Ethanol and Sodium Monochloroacetate. Three cement slurry samples from the produced CMC (Rice husks and Saw dust) and the conventional HEC were formulated. Different mass percent concentration of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6,0.8 and 1 of the CMC from Rice husks, Saw dust and Conventional HEC were added and subjected to different temperature conditions of 200°F, 300°F, 400°F, 500°F, 600°F. Rheological Properties of the formulated cement slurry such as Yield point and Plastic viscosity were tested at those temperature conditions. Results show that the yield point for all the temperature conditions and the additive concentration for the CMC from Rice husks and Saw dust have the same trend with the conventional HEC. Also, the plastic viscosity of the CMC from the Rice husks and Saw dust were in agreement and same trend with the conventional HEC. The results reveals that cellulose prepared from Rice husks and Saw dust gave almost the same rheological properties with that of the convention HEC and can be used in place of conventional HEC to reduce cost and also achieve the same results.
Viewpoints and Perception of Adverse Drug Reactions and Antibiotics Resistance among Healthcare Practitioners Regarding Antibiotics’ Self-Medication
Authors: Khan Salah-ud-Din , Iqbal Muhammad Shahid
Published: March 2022

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the viewpoints and perception about adverse drug reactions and antibiotics resistance among healthcare practitioners (HCPs) about self-medication of antibiotics.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was done using a validated research tool to obtain the required data. Data was obtained using different questions regarding viewpoints and perception of adverse drug reactions and antibiotics resistance from HCPs about antibiotics’ self-medication. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Different demographic characteristics were studied from the selected cohort of the HCPs. Around 153 (52.9%) of the studied HCPs were the females and 136 (47.1%) were males. The studied HCPs were of different professions, whereby 53 (18.3%) from medicine, 103 (35.6%) from pharmacy, 13 (4.45%) from dentistry, 98 (33.9%) from nursing, and 22 (7.6%) from others allied professions.

Conclusion: From the obtained results, it was concluded that all of the studied HCPs had varied viewpoints and different levels of perception about adverse drug reactions and antibiotics resistance. Still there is a greater need to strictly adhere with and follow the recommended and concerned guidelines regarding antibiotics usage to avoid any unwanted side effects, adverse drug reactions and antibiotics resistance.
Behavior and Attitude of Healthcare Practitioners about Antibiotics’ Self-medication
Authors: Khan Salah-ud-Din , Iqbal Muhammad Shahid
Published: March 2022

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the attitude and behavior of HCPs about self-medication of antibiotics.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was done using a validated research tool to obtain the required data. Data was obtained using different questions regarding the behavior and attitude towards antibiotics usage among HCPs about antibiotics’ self-medication. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Different demographic characteristics were studied from the selected cohort of the HCPs. Around 153 (52.9%) of the studied HCPs were the females and 136 (47.1%) were males. The studied HCPs were of different professions, whereby 53 (18.3%) from medicine, 103 (35.6%) from pharmacy, 13 (4.45%) from dentistry, 98 (33.9%) from nursing, and 22 (7.6%) from others allied professions.

Conclusion: From the obtained results, it was concluded that all of the studied HCPs had varied level of attitude and behavior towards antibiotics’ usage pattern but still there is a greater need to strictly adhere with and follow the recommended and concerned guidelines regarding antibiotics usage to avoid any unwanted side effects, adverse drug reactions and antibiotics resistance.