bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"Entrar y salir, entrar y mirar, entrar y quedarse" Fases metodológicas a una aproximación etnográfica virtual gitana.
Authors: Heredia Trucarte Mayte
Published: November 2018

Este artículo recoge algunas de las reflexiones que aparecen en la investigación ";Gitan@s en Internet. Usos, relaciones, pautas culturales y redefiniciones identitarias";, del Máster en Investigació Bàsica i Aplicada en Antropologia (UAB), presentado en septiembre 2005 y dirigido por la Doctora Teresa San Román y el Doctor José Luis Molina.
El primer año de la Moving Anthropology Student Network (MASN)
Authors: Bailo Laia , Carballo María , Colera Montse , Domínguez Pablo , Martínez Cristina , Martínez Mónica , Sabariego Antón , Soteres Ivan
Published: November 2018

En estas líneas, el comité local de la Moving Anthropology Student Network, integrado por estudiantes de licenciatura y doctorado de la UAB, pretende dar a conocer el nacimiento, funcionamiento y la estructura de la red europea de estudiantes de antropología social, hacer balance del primer año de vida del grupo de la UAB y valorar las actividades transnacionales de la red durante su primer año de vida.
"Comprender los rituales ganaderos en los Andes y más allá. Etnografías de lidias herranzas y arrierías". Juan Javier Rivera Andía (ed.)
Authors: Medina Miranda Héctor Manuel
Published: November 2018

El estudio de las prácticas ganaderas en las sociedades amerindias nos obliga, en todos los casos, a atestiguar la avidez con la que dichos grupos se apropiaron de los animales que no existían en el “nuevo continente”. Nos apremia a contemplar la capacidad de innovación indígena, que sin dilación incluyó a los nuevos ganados en las prácticas rituales y el pensamiento mítico preexistente. En algunas regiones de América, hablar de “ganadería prehispánica” equivaldría a disertar acerca de la “hípica azteca”, la “urbanística gitana”, la “agricultura antártica” o cualquier otra de las asignaturas imposibles que Umberto Eco imaginara para su novela El péndulo de Foucault. Sin embargo, este no es el caso de la región andina, donde la crianza de camélidos –principalmente la llama y la alpaca– han ocupado un lugar por demás importante desde tiempos inmemorables.
From “tribes” to “regions”. Ethnicity and musical identity in western Uganda
Authors: Cimardi Linda
Published: November 2018

This article looks at how the paradigm of ethnicity in Uganda has influenced the conception and perception of cultural identity, and specifically of music identity. According to the 2002 Census, Uganda counts more than 50 different peoples within its territory. For most of these, the language spoken locally and the complex of musics and dances characterize their identity. These elements are currently fostered by the Government also by promoting annually a national festival where each area presents, among other items, its own music and dance repertoires. The structure of the present school festival intends to follow historical and cultural sedimentations (identifying “regions”), but it can still be traced to the colonial classification of peoples (“tribes”). Considering data especially from western Uganda, the intermingling of the paradigm of ethnicity with the ones of music representativeness and identity will be observed. Discussion will consider the repertoires chosen for representativeness in the national context and concentrate on the ambiguity of the ethnic uniqueness of these musics and on the possibilities of expression of minorities.
“Now, you are one of us” - participatory observation in the study of non-professional musical activities. A case study of Tuna Souselense.
Authors: Duarte Marques Rui Filipe
Published: November 2018

This article takes as its starting point a case study of Tuna Souselense, a musical group founded in 1910, the year of the implantation of the Republic in Portugal. This study comprised two complementary perspectives: a diachronic view, based on archival research and a synchronic one, sustained in fieldwork. The project’s implementation revealed a musical organization in which predominates a family-type organization, scarcely opened to the action of external researchers. Furthermore, an inexistent split between musicians and audience marks the activity carried out by this group. Nevertheless, this separation is staged in public events. These features raised challenges that could only be overcome through participant observation as a conductor and an instrumentalist, which allowed me to establish dialogical interactions with musicians and other community’s elements. How to study a musical field with such characteristics? How to understand the meanings attributed by these people to the act of making music together? What is its impact on the construction of individual and collective identities? These are the questions that guide my analysis.
Etnografía musical en el Río Magdalena: el son de Berroche de la Subregión de Loba
Authors: Ciro Gómez Bernardo Alonso
Published: November 2018

La Tambora es una manifestación de tradición oral celebrada  por los habitantes de los municipios ubicados al sur de los departamentos de Bolívar, Cesar y Magdalena en Colombia. A través de una etnografía musical, se hicieron hallazgos a partir del son de berroche que podrían representar la necesidad de observarlas y estudiarlas desde otro locus de enunciación, permitiendo que las prácticas de investigación en artes reconozcan la importancia de la construcción conjunta en el desarrollo de los procesos de conocimiento y de transformación social. Indagar por el son de berroche comprendiendo las percepciones, sensaciones y sensibilidades de los detentores, y la forma en cómo sus prácticas musicales son subsumidas por constructos identitarios, por las dimensiones objetiva y subjetiva de la realidad social y como evidencia de constantes procesos de negociación, pone de manifiesto la necesidad de una construcción dialógica entre  la investigación en artes y  los discursos de disciplinas como la Etnomusicología y la Antropología de la Música.
Informe sobre el estado del desarrollo de la antropología de la procreación
Authors: González Echevarría Aurora
Published: November 2018

Resumen
Advancing the Pomorskie RIS3 Multi-Level Implementation Scheme
Authors: Przedrzymirska Joanna
Published: November 2018

The aim of the proposed scheme is to assist the Pomorskie regional authority in the further implementation of the smart specialization concept for the benefit of the blue growth sectors
that are considered as a competitive advantage of this region against all other Polish regions. Current implementation system is based on Agreements on Pomorskie Smart Specializations
and on the regulation on the Council performance. The regional self-government is the owner
of the implementation process, including the entrepreneurial discovery process. The proposed advanced implementation system postulates that the Council should become the owner of the latter process, its operation should be based on the regulation concluded between the Marshal
and the Council. Moreover, it is proposed that the Council is supported by a dedicated
and experienced coordinator well rooted in the domain of the smart specialization. Activities
of the coordinators are financed by the regional self-government authorities via the dedicated financial tool, so-called strategic project. Advanced implementation scheme is expected to enable the regional authorities to create the functional and efficient set up of RIS3 for the next financial perspective.
Visual impairment as a consequence of brain tumour: difficulties experienced by the child in spatial orientation, and in the cognitive, social and communication areas
Authors: Paplińska Małgorzata , Walkiewicz-krutak Małgorzata
Published: November 2018

Childhood brain tumour, especially when its treatment begins in early life and causes visual and motor disability, can imply a number of difficulties in spatial orientation, and in cognitive, social and communication areas. The article presents a case study of a 10-year-old boy with low vision. His impairment arose as a consequence of a tumour in deep structures of the right cerebral hemisphere, including the optic chiasm. The aim of the study was to understand how cancer and visual impairment affect the functioning of the boy in question. The study involved the use of tools for functional diagnosis of children with visual impairment. Document analysis, interviewing and observation were also used. The results are consistent with previous studies on the threats to the accomplishment of developmental tasks for children with brain tumour and concomitant
neurodevelopmental deficits, as well as reduced psychosocial functioning whose cancer treatment started before the age of 6.
A new tardigrade species of the genus Neostygarctus Grimaldi de Zio et al., 1982 (Tardigrada, Arthrotardigrada) from the Great Meteor Seamount, Northeast Atlantic
Authors: Tchesunov Alexei V.
Published: November 2018

A new species of Neostygarctus Grimaldi de Zio et al., 1982 is described from the Great Meteor Seamount summit plateau in the Northeast Atlantic. Neostygarctus grossmeteori sp. nov. is characterized by the number and position of dorsomedian spines (five spines on the cephalic plate and each body plate and on the caudal plate, the spines decreasing in length backwards); the presence of eyes and of one or two pairs of ventral cervical spines; a transversal row of two to five short but strong spikes on the ventral side of the lateral body processes; only the internal claws of each leg provided with a normal accessory spine. The new species is related to N. acanthophorus Grimaldi de Zio et al., 1982 but differs by details of the dorsal body spines and the sculptures, the presence of ventral neck spines and ventral spikes on lateral body projections. Neostygarctus grossmeteori sp. nov. differs from two other known species of Neostygarctus, N. oceanopolis Kristensen et al., 2015 (Condor Seamont, NE Atlantic) and N. lovedeluxe Fujimoto & Miyazaki, 2013 (submarine cave NW Pacific), even more obviously by the number and position of dorsal body spines.
Hemoparasitoses em cães: análise de dados laboratoriais
Authors: Colombo Breda Jéssica , Dalpicolli Rodrigues Adriana , Spada Patrícia Wilmsen Dalla Santa , Torriani Tânia
Published: November 2018

AO objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a ocorrência de hemoparasitos em cães, consultando os laudos de análises sanguíneas de um laboratório de análises clínicas veterinárias do município de Bento Gonçalves, RS. Para tanto, foram avaliados 413 laudos emitidos de janeiro a junho do ano de 2013, cuja técnica utilizada foi a hematoscopia. Dos laudos avaliados com hemoparasitos, 45/53 (84,9%) apontaram eritrócitos parasitados por Babesia sp./Rangelia vitalli, 5/53 (9,4%) para leucócitos parasitados e níveis plaquetários diminuídos devido à Ehrlichia sp., e 3/53 (5,7%) parasitados simultaneamente por Babesia sp./R. vitalli e Ehrlichia sp. As amostras também foram caracterizadas pela evidência de anemia, sendo que 120/413 cães (29,1%) apresentavam quadro anêmico, 40 desses hemoparasitados; 293/413 (70,9%) não apresentaram anemia e 13/293 desses eram hemoparasitados. Na série vermelha, estavam laudados quadros de anisocitose, policromatofilia e/ou presença de eritroblastos para 129/413 (31,2%) cães, sendo 43/129 hemoparasitados; já 284/413 (68,8%) cães não apresentaram alterações da série vermelha, sendo 10/284 hemoparasitados. Para a série branca, 301/413 cães (72,9%) foram indicados com quadros de leucocitose, leucopenia, linfocitose e/ou neutrofilia, sendo que 50/301 desses (24,9%) eram hemoparasitados; 112/413 (27,1%) não apresentaram alterações da série branca, onde 3/112 eram hemoparasitados. Quanto às alterações plaquetárias, a trombocitopenia foi detectada em 131/413 (31,7%) cães, sendo 37/131 desses hemoparasitados; 282/413 (68,3%) não apresentaram alterações, dos quais 16/282 eram hemoparasitados. Mediante esses achados, pode-se constatar que as alterações hematológicas geralmente estão associadas à presença de hemoparasitos e os resultados servem para alertar sobre a importância do manejo adequado do local de vivência dos cães, certificando-se da ausência de carrapatos.
Postmortem transport in fossil and modern shelled cephalopods
Authors: Yacobucci Margaret M.
Published: November 2018

The chambered shells of cephalopod mollusks, such as modern Nautilus and fossil ammonoids, have the potential to float after death, which could result in significant postmortem transport of shells away from living habitats. Such transport would call into question these clades’ documented biogeographic distributions and therefore the many (paleo)biological interpretations based on them. It is therefore imperative to better constrain the likelihood and extent of postmortem transport in modern and fossil cephalopods. Here, I combine the results of classic experiments on postmortem buoyancy with datasets on cephalopod shell form to determine that only those shells with relatively high inflation are likely to float for a significant interval after death and therefore potentially experience postmortem transport. Most ammonoid cephalopods have shell forms making postmortem transport unlikely. Data on shell forms and geographic ranges of early Late Cretaceous cephalopod genera demonstrate that even genera with shell forms conducive to postmortem buoyancy do not, in fact, show artificially inflated biogeographic ranges relative to genera with non-buoyant morphologies. Finally, georeferenced locality data for living nautilid specimens and dead drift shells indicate that most species have relatively small geographic ranges and experience limited drift. Nautilus pompilius is the exception, with a broad Indo-Pacific range and drift shells found far from known living populations. Given the similarity of N. pompilius to other nautilids in its morphology and ecology, it seems unlikely that this species would have a significantly different postmortem fate than its close relatives. Rather, it is suggested that drift shells along the east African coast may indicate the existence of modern (or recently extirpated) living populations of nautilus in the western Indian Ocean, which has implications for the conservation of these cephalopods.
DockerBIO: web application for efficient use of bioinformatics Docker images
Authors: Kwon ChangHyuk , Kim Jason , Ahn Jaegyoon
Published: November 2018

Background and Objective

Docker is a light containerization program that shows almost the same performance as a local environment. Recently, many bioinformatics tools have been distributed as Docker images that include complex settings such as libraries, configurations, and data if needed, as well as the actual tools. Users can simply download and run them without making the effort to compile and configure them, and can obtain reproducible results. In spite of these advantages, several problems remain. First, there is a lack of clear standards for distribution of Docker images, and the Docker Hub often provides multiple images with the same objective but different uses. For these reasons, it can be difficult for users to learn how to select and use them. Second, Docker images are often not suitable as a component of a pipeline, because many of them include big data. Moreover, a group of users can have difficulties when sharing a pipeline composed of Docker images. Users of a group may modify scripts or use different versions of the data, which causes inconsistent results.

Methods and Results

To handle the problems described above, we developed a Java web application, DockerBIO, which provides reliable, verified, light-weight Docker images for various bioinformatics tools and for various kinds of reference data. With DockerBIO, users can easily build a pipeline with tools and data registered at DockerBIO, and if necessary, users can easily register new tools or data. Built pipelines are registered in DockerBIO, which provides an efficient running environment for the pipelines registered at DockerBIO. This enables user groups to run their pipelines without expending much effort to copy and modify them.
An Electrocorticography Device with an Integrated Microfluidic Ion Pump for Simultaneous Neural Recording and Electrophoretic Drug Delivery In Vivo
Authors: Proctor Christopher M. , Uguz Ilke , Slezia Andrea , Curto Vincenzo , Inal Sahika , Williamson Adam , Malliaras George G.
Published: November 2018

The challenge of treating neurological disorders has motivated the development of implantable devices that can deliver treatment when and where it is needed. This study presents a novel brain implant capable of electrophoretically delivering drugs and recording local neural activity on the surface of the brain. The drug delivery is made possible by the integration of a microfluidic ion pump (µFIP) into a conformable electrocorticography (ECoG) device with recording cites embedded next to the drug delivery outlets. The µFIP ECoG device can deliver a high capacity of several biologically important cationic species on demand. The therapeutic potential of the device is demonstrated by using it to deliver neurotransmitters in a rodent model while simultaneously recording local neural activity. These developments represent a significant step forward for cortical drug‐delivery systems.
Functional Nanomaterials Optimized to Circumvent Tumor Immunological Tolerance
Authors: Gong Ningqiang , Zhang Yuxuan , Zhang Zhen , Li Xianlei , Liang Xing‐Jie
Published: November 2018

Advances in cancer immunology have revealed that immunological tolerance, which is characterized by low immunogenicity, insufficient antigen presentation, and low T lymphocyte infiltration, increases the expression of inhibitory receptors and cytokines in tumors. These features make it possible for tumor cells to easily escape attack by immune cells. Nanomaterials, with unique properties such as ultrasmall size, unique surface characteristics, and multivalent effects, have attracted an increasing amount of attention in the regulation of the immunological microenvironment of tumors. In this review, the use of functional nanomaterials to reverse immunological tolerance in tumors is examined, including the use of nanomaterials for efficient cancer vaccines, checkpoint blockade delivery, cytokine delivery, artificial antigen presentation cells, and adoptive cell therapy. The benefits and challenges of using nanomaterials to circumvent the immunological tolerance of tumors are also discussed.
Intrinsically Low Thermal Conductivity in BiSbSe3: A Promising Thermoelectric Material with Multiple Conduction Bands
Authors: Liu Xiaoying , Wang Dongyang , Wu Haijun , Wang Jinfeng , Zhang Yang , Wang Guangtao , Pennycook Stephen J. , Zhao Li‐Dong
Published: November 2018

Bi2Se3, as a Te‐free alternative of room‐temperature state‐of‐the‐art thermoelectric (TE) Bi2Te3, has attracted little attention due to its poor electrical transport properties and high thermal conductivity. Interestingly, BiSbSe3, a product of alloying 50% Sb on Bi sites, shows outstanding electron and phonon transports. BiSbSe3 possesses orthorhombic structure and exhibits multiple conduction bands, which can be activated when the carrier density is increased as high as ≈3.7 × 1020 cm−3 through heavily Br doping, resulting in simultaneously enhancing the electrical conductivities and Seebeck coefficients. Meanwhile, an extremely low thermal conductivity (≈0.6–0.4 W m−1 K−1 at 300–800 K) is found in BiSbSe3. Both first‐principles calculations and elastic properties measurements show the strong anharmonicity and support the ultra‐low thermal conductivity of BiSbSe3. Finally, a maximum dimensionless figure of merit ZT ∼ 1.4 at 800 K is achieved in BiSb(Se0.94Br0.06)3, which is comparable to the most n‐type Te‐free TE materials. The present results indicate that BiSbSe3 is a new and a robust candidate for TE power generation in medium‐temperature range.
Biogenic (R)‐(+)‐Lipoic Acid Only Constructed Cross‐Linked Vesicles with Synergistic Anticancer Potency
Authors: Liao Chunyan , Dai Xin , Chen Ying , Liu Jie , Yao Yongchao , Zhang Shiyong
Published: November 2018

Although the drug delivery systems (DDSs) hold great potential for cancer chemotherapy, the drug carriers themselves become redundant substances in the body, once the delivering task is finished. They not only have no therapeutic effect, but even can sometimes cause unexpectedly toxic and side effects, which confine seriously the clinical prospect of DDSs. Herein, a new drug container of cross‐linked lipoic acid vesicles (cLAVs) constructed solely by biogenic (R)‐(+)‐lipoic acid (LA) is developed. Benefited from the structure homology with LA, the cLAVs are no longer the redundant substances after drug delivery, but LA‐like “vitamins” with strong synergistic anticancer potency both in vitro and in vivo, and, thus represent a particularly powerful carrier for cancer chemotherapy.
Mussel‐Inspired Polydopamine‐Treated Reinforced Composite Membranes with Self‐Supported CeOxRadical Scavengers for Highly Stable PEM Fuel Cells
Authors: Yoon Ki Ro , Lee Kyung Ah , Jo Sunhee , Yook Seung Ho , Lee Kwan Young , Kim Il‐Doo , Kim Jin Young
Published: November 2018

The physical and chemical degradations of a state‐of‐the‐art proton exchange membrane (PEM) composed of a perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomer and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) reinforcement are induced through the repeated expansion/shrinkage of the ionomer and free radical attacks. Such degradations essentially originate from the loose structure of the materials and the low interactive binding force among the PEM constituents. In this study, the need for simplified design principles of adhesives led to the use of mussel‐inspired polydopamine (PD) as an interfacial modifier for the fabrication of highly durable PEM. Indeed, a self‐polymerized dopamine layer acts as an interfacial glue, and enables efficient impregnation of a hydrophilic PFSA ionomer into porous hydrophobic PTFE with high packing density, resulting in strong adhesion between the PTFE and the PFSA polymers in the membrane. In addition, the redox property of the PD end groups spontaneously reduces the partial Ce salts in the ionomer solution and anchors them to the PD@PTFE substrate as defective cerium oxide (CeOx) nanoparticles, reducing the dissolution and subsequent migration under cell operations. Finally, a CePD@PTFE membrane shows outstanding durability in fuel cells under an accelerated humidity cycling test with a reduction in the degree of physical and chemical failures.
Atomic Insights for Optimum and Excess Doping in Photocatalysis: A Case Study of Few‐Layer Cu‐ZnIn2S4
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Shen Zhurui , Xia Yuguo , Wang Haitao , Zheng Lirong , Xi Wei , Zhan Sihui
Published: November 2018

Herein, an example of Cu‐doped few‐layer ZnIn2S4 nanosheets is used to reveal the origin of optimum and excess doping for photocatalysts at atomic level. Results show that the metal‐S4 coordination maintains well with 0.5 wt% Cu substituted Zn atoms in the lattice. The introduced Cu atoms bring electronic acceptor states close to the valence band (VB) maximum and thus ensures higher charge density and efficient carrier transport, resulting in an optimum hydrogen evolution rate of 26.2 mmol h−1 g−1 and an apparent quantum efficiency of 4.76% at 420 nm. However, a distorted atomic structure and largely upshift of VB maximum with Cu‐S3.6 coordination are found with excess doping concentration (3.6 wt%). These bring the heavy charge recombination and consequentially dramatic reduced activity. This work provides a new insight into elemental doping study and takes an important step toward the development of ultrathin 2D photocatalysts.
Specific Biosensing Using DNA Aptamers and Nanopores
Authors: Kong Jinglin , Zhu Jinbo , Chen Kaikai , Keyser Ulrich F.
Published: November 2018

The multiplexed biosensing of target molecules with high specificity and accuracy is of fundamental importance in both biological research and medical diagnostics. In this paper, the working range of the recent nanopore‐DNA carrier based method is extended by introducing a two‐step assay using specific DNA aptamers. A signal translation step allows for binding of the target in physiological conditions before the nanopore measurements. Using protein encoded DNA carriers, the simultaneous detection of three targets spanning several orders of magnitude in molecular weight is demonstrated. The single‐molecule method may be integrated into nanopore sensing devices for future applied research and point‐of‐care applications.
Fundamental Understanding of Water‐Induced Mechanisms in Li–O2 Batteries: Recent Developments and Perspectives
Authors: Dai Alvin , Li Qidong , Liu Tongchao , Amine Khalil , Lu Jun
Published: November 2018

Modern sustainability challenges in recent years have warranted the development of new energy storage technologies. Practical realization of the lithium–O2 battery holds great promise for revolutionizing energy storage as it holds the highest theoretical specific energy of any rechargeable battery yet discovered. However, the complete realization of Li–O2 batteries necessitates ambient air operations, which presents quite a few challenges, as carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) contaminants introduce unwanted byproducts from side reactions that greatly affect battery performance. Although current research has thoroughly explored the beneficial incorporation of CO2, much mystery remains over the inconsistent effects of H2O. The presence of water in both the cathode and electrolyte has been observed to alter reaction mechanisms differently, resulting in a diverse range of effects on voltage, capacity, and cyclability. Moreover, recent preliminary research with catalysts and redox mediators has attempted to utilize the presence of water to the battery's benefit. Here, the key mechanism discrepancies of water‐afflicted Li–O2 batteries are presented, concluding with a perspective on future research directions for nonaqueous Li–O2 batteries.
Zn‐Ion Hybrid Micro‐Supercapacitors with Ultrahigh Areal Energy Density and Long‐Term Durability
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Li Yang , Wang Gang , Wang Faxing , Yang Sheng , Zhu Feng , Zhuang Xiaodong , Schmidt Oliver G. , Feng Xinliang
Published: November 2018

On‐chip micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs), as promising power candidates for microdevices, typically exhibit high power density, large charge/discharge rates, and long cycling lifetimes. However, as for most reported MSCs, the unsatisfactory areal energy density (<10 µWh cm−2) still hinders their practical applications. Herein, a new‐type Zn‐ion hybrid MSC with ultrahigh areal energy density and long‐term durability is demonstrated. Benefiting from fast ion adsorption/desorption on the capacitor‐type activated‐carbon cathode and reversible Zn stripping/plating on the battery‐type electrodeposited Zn‐nanosheet anode, the fabricated Zn‐ion hybrid MSCs exhibit remarkable areal capacitance of 1297 mF cm−2 at 0.16 mA cm−2 (259.4 F g−1 at a current density of 0.05 A g−1), landmark areal energy density (115.4 µWh cm−2 at 0.16 mW cm−2), and a superb cycling stability without noticeable decay after 10 000 cycles. This work will inspire the fabrication and development of new high‐performance microenergy devices based on novel device design.
Diazo Compounds: Versatile Synthons for the Synthesis of Nitrogen Heterocycles via Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Cascade C–H Activation/Carbene Insertion/Annulation Reactions
Authors: Xiang Yunyu , Wang Cong , Ding Qiuping , Peng Yiyuan
Published: November 2018

This review covers some unique diazo compounds, the coupling partners to access various versatile functionalized nitrogen heterocycles, such as indoles, indolines, isoquinolines, isoquinolones, and so on. Different transition metals (such as Rh, Pd, Ru, Ir, Cu, and Co) are involved in these transformations, which involve consecutive processes: transition metal‐catalyzed cascade C–H activation/carbene insertion/intramolecular annulation.

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The Use of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) as a Building Block in Organic Synthesis from an Industrial Perspective
Authors: Dabral Saumya , Schaub Thomas
Published: November 2018

The use of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a building block in organic synthesis is a topic of high interest. We here reflect from an industrial perspective, which of the approaches may have the potential to be applied in the near future in industrial organic synthesis on a significant scale. Drawbacks to overcome and challenges to be addressed are also discussed in this critical review. This review focuses on systems providing a high atom‐efficiency and which could be competitive to other state‐of‐the art syntheses.

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Homogeneous Iron Catalysts in the Reaction of Epoxides with Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Della Monica Francesco , Buonerba Antonio , Capacchione Carmine
Published: November 2018

Among the attempts to consolidate the so‐called circular economy, the conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into added‐value products has gained more and more attention during the last three decades. One of the feasible applications of CO2 as a C1 building block is its incorporation into cyclic organic carbonates (COCs) and aliphatic polycarbonates (APCs) by reaction with epoxides. A plethora of homogeneous catalytic systems has been reported to promote this reaction, based mainly on magnesium, aluminium, cobalt, chromium and zinc complexes. Despite the abundance and low toxicity of iron, only few examples of catalysts based on this metal had been reported until fifteen years ago, and relevant advances were made only during the last decade. This review seeks to cover this progress and to give a renewed impulse for further research into iron utilisation in this kind of catalysis.

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Synthesis of 4‐(Iso)Quinolinyl‐3(2H)‐furanones from (Iso)Quinoline N‐oxides and 1,4‐Diyn‐3‐ones: A Comparison of Copper Catalysis and Metal‐free Reaction
Authors: Li Xuetong , Wang Tao , Zhang Zunting
Published: November 2018

A facile synthesis of (iso)quinolinyl‐3(2H)‐furanones from (iso)quinoline N‐oxides and 1,4‐diyn‐3‐ones in the presence of copper catalyst or under metal‐free conditions was developed. The resulting (iso)quinolinyl‐3(2H)‐furanones could be easily converted to (iso)quinolinyl‐isoxazoles, pyrazoles and polycyclic (iso)quinoline derivatives. In addition, the success in one‐pot, metal‐free synthesis of isoquinolinyl‐3(2H)‐furanone starts from isoquinoline shows the capacity of this method for the metal‐free derivatization of pyridine, quinoline and isoquinoline.

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Isolated Fe Single Atomic Sites Anchored on Highly Steady Hollow Graphene Nanospheres as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Qiu Xiaoyu , Yan Xiaohong , Pang Huan , Wang Jingchun , Sun Dongmei , Wei Shaohua , Xu Lin , Tang Yawen
Published: November 2018

The rational design of economical and high‐performance nanocatalysts to substitute Pt for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is extremely desirable for the advancement of sustainable energy‐conversion devices. Isolated single atom (ISA) catalysts have sparked tremendous interests in electrocatalysis due to their maximized atom utilization efficiency. Nevertheless, the fabrication of ISA catalysts remains a grand challenge. Here, a template‐assisted approach is demonstrated to synthesize isolated Fe single atomic sites anchoring on graphene hollow nanospheres (denoted as Fe ISAs/GHSs) by using Fe phthalocyanine (FePc) as Fe precursor. The rigid planar macrocycle structure of FePc molecules and the steric‐hindrance effect of graphene nanospheres are responsible for the dispersion of Fe–N
x
species at an atomic level. The combination of atomically dispersed Fe active sites and highly steady hollow substrate affords the Fe ISAs/GHSs outstanding ORR performance with enhanced activity, long‐term stability, and better tolerance to methanol, SO2, and NO
x
in alkaline medium, outperforming the state‐of‐the‐art commercial Pt/C catalyst. This work highlights the great promises of cost‐effective Fe‐based ISA catalysts in electrocatalysis and provides a versatile strategy for the synthesis of other single metal atom catalysts with superior performance for diverse applications.
Neue Rollen für photoangeregtes Eosin Y in photochemischen Reaktionen
Authors: Yan Dong‐Mei , Chen Jia‐Rong , Xiao Wen‐Jing
Published: November 2018

Neutrale angeregte Zustände von Eosin Y haben sich als nützliche Photosäuren sowie als Katalysatoren für den direkten Wasserstoffatomtransfer (“hydrogen atom transfer”, HAT) in der Aktivierung von Glykalen bzw. C‐H‐Bindungen erwiesen. Diese Untersuchungen ebenen den Weg für die weitere Verwendung von Eosin Y in der photochemischen Synthese.
Carbonylation of Alkyl Radicals Derived from Organosilicates through Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Cartier Alex , Levernier Etienne , Corcé Vincent , Fukuyama Takahide , Dhimane Anne‐Lise , Ollivier Cyril , Ryu Ilhyong , Fensterbank Louis
Published: November 2018

Primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl radicals formed by the photocatalyzed oxidation of organosilicates underwent efficient carbonylation with carbon monoxide (CO) to give a variety of unsymmetrical ketones. This study introduces the possibility of radical carbonylation under a photooxidative regime.
A Hydrostable Cathode Material Based on the Layered P2@P3 Composite that Shows Redox Behavior for Copper in High‐Rate and Long‐Cycling Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yan Zichao , Tang Liang , Huang Yangyang , Hua Weibo , Wang Yong , Liu Rong , Gu Qinfen , Indris Sylvio , Chou Shu‐Lei , Huang Yunhui , Wu Minghong , Dou Shi‐Xue
Published: November 2018

Low‐cost layered oxides free of Ni and Co are considered to be the most promising cathode materials for future sodium‐ion batteries. Biphasic Na0.78Cu0.27Zn0.06Mn0.67O2 obtained via superficial atomic‐scale P3 intergrowth with P2 phase induced by Zn doping, consisting of inexpensive transition metals, is a promising cathode for sodium‐ion batteries. The P3 phase as a covering layer in this composite shows not only in excellent electrochemical performance but also its tolerance to moisture. The results indicate that partial Zn substitutes can effectively control biphase formation for improving the structural/electrochemical stability as well as the ionic diffusion coefficient. Based on in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction coupled with electron‐energy‐loss spectroscopy, a possible Cu2+/3+ redox reaction mechanism has now been revealed.
New Roles for Photoexcited Eosin Y in Photochemical Reactions
Authors: Yan Dong‐Mei , Chen Jia‐Rong , Xiao Wen‐Jing
Published: November 2018

Neutral eosin Y‐derived photoexcited states have been found to serve as photoacids and direct hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalysts in the activation of glycals and C−H bonds, respectively. These studies pave the way for further use of eosin Y in photochemical synthesis.
Blue‐Light‐Induced Carbene‐Transfer Reactions of Diazoalkanes
Authors: Hommelsheim Renè , Guo Yujing , Yang Zhen , Empel Claire , Koenigs Rene M.
Published: November 2018

Carbenes are very important reactive intermediates to access a variety of complex molecules and are applied widely in organic synthesis and drug discovery. Typically, their chemistry is accessed by the use of transition metal catalysts. Herein, we describe the application of low‐energy blue light for the photochemical generation of carbenes from donor–acceptor diazoalkanes. This catalyst‐free and operationally simple approach enables highly efficient cyclopropenation reactions with alkynes and the rearrangement of sulfides under mild reaction conditions, which can be utilized for both batch and continuous‐flow processes.
Facile Synthesis of Hierarchical Iron Phosphide/Biomass Carbon Composites for Binder‐Free Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Hui , Li Xueying , Chen Lizhuang , Dan Yuanyuan
Published: November 2018

Seeking a simple direct construction strategy for transition‐metal‐phosphide‐based composites as anodes for sodium‐ion batteries is attracting great attention for the development of high‐performance sodium‐ion batteries. In this work, we design iron phosphide nanosheets grown on a biomass carbon membrane by a facile electrodeposition method, followed by an annealing process. The biomass carbon membranes as three dimensional frameworks, possessing initial biological structures from Magnolia leaves, do not only improve the conductivity of the electrodes but also relieve iron phosphide aggregation during the charging‐discharging processes. The iron phosphide nanosheets could increase the accessible surface area for electrochemical reactions, further promoting the storage of sodium ions. Due to the unique structure of the iron phosphide nanosheets/biomass carbon membrane, the electrodes exhibit 500.9 mAh g−1 at a current density of 50 mA g−1 after 100 cycles. Even at a high current density of 500 mA g−1, the electrodes still retain 197 mAh g−1 after a long‐time test (500 cycles). These novel features make the composite a great potential anode material for binder‐free sodium‐ion batteries.
Phenolic Compounds and Allelopathic Potential of Fermented and Unfermented Wheat and Corn Straw Extracts
Authors: Đorđević Tijana , Sarić‐Krsmanović Marija , Gajić Umiljendić Jelena
Published: November 2018

Total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) content, individual phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of methanol extracts of wheat and corn straw were determined. Germination bioassay was conducted with Abutilon theophrasti Medik., Asclepias syriaca L., and Chenopodium album L. seed. Samples were fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum and changes in TPC, TFC, antioxidant, and biological activity were investigated. TPC and TFC were significant in both samples and after fermentation their recovery was improved. All samples contain mainly quercetin, cinnamic acid, p‐coumaric acid, and ferulic acid. Fermentation changed the content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, differently in each case. All tested extracts showed high DPPH activity with IC50 being significantly lower for fermented samples. FRAP activity was also high. Crude straw extracts were overall more effective than fermented ones concerning inhibition of germination and seedlings growth, mainly without statistically significant differences between wheat and corn. Compared with mesotrione, extracts were more effective in germination and seedling growth inhibition of C. album and in seedling growth inhibition of A. theophrasti.
Caution! You're approaching a gray zone: FFR outcomes and the role of CFR and IMR
Authors: Kern Morton J. , Seto Arnold H.
Published: November 2018

Key Points

This study demonstrates that compared with low‐ fractional flow reserve (FFR) lesions (<0.75), those in the gray‐zone FFR (0.75–0.80) are less likely to have improvement or more likely to have impairment in flow after percutaneous coronary intervention.

The findings suggest index of microcirculatory resistance measurement may help identify lesions in the FFR gray zone that are most likely to improve.

The study reinforces that FFR measurements represent a continuum of ischemic values and that a single dichotomous threshold oversimplifies the answer to whether a lesion should be revascularized.
Which embolic protection device is ideal during carotid artery stenting?
Authors: Patel Nachiket J. , Heuser Richard R.
Published: November 2018

Key Points

Embolic stroke is one of the main risks of carotid artery stenting.

The EMBOLDEN trial demonstrates the safety and efficacy of the Gore® embolic filter.

There is no clear evidence for the benefit of one filter‐type over another. It is important to choose the device with which the interventionalist has significant familiarity.
Relationship between coronary diastolic pressure indexes during the wave‐free period and a novel pressure‐derived index: Diastolic pressure ratio at the optimal point
Authors: Nakao Fumiaki , Ikeda Yasuhiro , Oda Takamasa , Ueda Tooru , Ueyama Takeshi , Fujii Takashi
Published: November 2018

Objectives

We aimed to determine the diastolic pressure ratio at the optimal point (DROP) using a simple measurement algorithm and to compare DROP with distal coronary‐to‐aortic pressure ratios during the wave‐free period (PRWFP) and at the mid‐diastolic point (PRMD).

Methods

Distal coronary and aortic pressures were measured from color pressure images of 440 beats in 48 patients with coronary stenoses. The DROP measurement point was 67% for one beat between the two rising points on the aortic pressure curve according to the distribution of the wave‐free period and the mid‐diastolic point.

Results

DROP correlated closely with PRWFP (r = 0.993, P < 0.0001) and PRMD (r = 0.997, P < 0.0001). The diagnostic efficiency was excellent (area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve, 0.997) for both PRWFP ≤ 0.89 (specificity, 0.99; sensitivity, 0.96) and PRMD ≤ 0.89 (specificity, 0.95; sensitivity, 1.00).

Conclusions

A simple pressure‐derived physiological marker of coronary stenosis, DROP, might represent other diastolic pressure indexes with a numerical equivalency to the instantaneous wave‐free ratio. DROP can be measured automatically assuming that the rising points on the aortic pressure curve are detectable. However, further large‐scale clinical investigations are needed to determine whether DROP could contribute to the further generalization of physiology‐guided percutaneous coronary intervention.
Performance of Surface‐Oxidized Ni3B, Ni2B, and NiB2 Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Yuan Wenyi , Zhao Xiangsen , Hao Weiju , Li Jiaxuan , Wang Lincai , Ma Xiaohua , Guo Yanhui
Published: November 2018

The development of efficient and earth‐abundant bifunctional electrocatalysts is of great important for energy conversion and storage technologies. Three surface oxidized nickel borides of Ni−B−O@Ni3B, Ni−B−O@Ni2B and Ni−B−O@NiB2 electrocatalysts have been prepared and investigated. Surface oxidation, which is inevitable for the bifunctional nickel borides, promotes the activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), but leads to activity degradation for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Meanwhile, boron is found to play a crucial role in the oxidation of nickel, facilitating the formation of an active intermediate for the OER. Ni−B−O@Ni3B turns out to be the best bifunctional electrocatalyst. An alkaline electrolyzer constructed using Ni−B−O@Ni3B electrodes as both anode and cathode has achieved a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at 1.58 V for overall water splitting with satisfied durability, rivaling the integrated noble metal electrode.
Efficient Capture of Organic Dyes and Crystallographic Snapshots by a Highly Crystalline Amino‐Acid‐Derived Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Mon Marta , Bruno Rosaria , Tiburcio Estefanía , Casteran Pierre‐Edouard , Ferrando‐Soria Jesús , Armentano Donatella , Pardo Emilio
Published: November 2018

Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Emilio Pardo at Universitat de València, and Donatella Armentano at Università della Calabria. The image depicts both water contamination by industry and decontamination by metal–organic frameworks. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201803547.
Abatement of Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, and Chloramphenicol From Aqueous Solutions Using Activated Carbon Prepared From Grape Slurry
Authors: Chitongo Rumbidzai , Opeolu Beatrice O. , Olatunji Olatunde S.
Published: November 2018

The adsorption of amoxicillin (AMX), ampicillin (AMP), and chloramphenicol (CHLR) from simulated antibiotic‐contaminated water using adsorbents prepared from grape slurry waste is studied. Batch adsorption experiments are carried out to evaluate the adsorption capacity of the adsorbents for AMX, AMP, and CHLR. Adsorption isotherms are described by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, while the pseudo‐second order kinetics describe the sorption processes. Negative values of the enthalpy change show that the sorption processes are exothermic, and the positive values of the Gibbs free energy change indicates non‐spontaneous but feasible nature of the adsorption. The study shows that grape slurry waste could be a good precursor to prepare effective adsorbents for the remediation of antibiotic‐contaminated wastewater.
Safety and survival outcomes for bloodless transplantation in patients with myeloma
Authors: Joseph Nisha S. , Kaufman Jonathan L. , Boise Lawrence H. , Valla Kelly , Almaula Dhwani K. , Obidike Chikaodili O. , Langston Amelia A. , Waller Edmund K. , Khoury Hanna J. , Flowers Christopher R. , Graiser Michael , Heffner Leonard T. , Lonial Sagar , Nooka Ajay K.
Published: November 2018

High‐dose therapy (HDT) and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) are established components in the treatment of multiple myeloma; however, undergoing transplantation usually requires hematopoietic support, which poses a challenge among patients who are unwilling to receive blood products. Most transplant centers decline HDT/ASCT to these patients because of safety concerns. Here, the authors’ institutional data on safety, engraftment parameters, and survival outcomes after bloodless ASCT (BL‐ASCT) are examined among patients with myeloma. This retrospective case‐control study included patients who underwent BL‐ASCT and Transfusion‐supported ASCT (TS‐ASCT) at Emory University Hospital between August 2006 and August 2016. In total, 24 patients who underwent BL‐ASCT and 70 who underwent TS‐ASCT were included. The median time for neutrophil engraftment, platelet engraftment and the median length of hospital stay all were equivalent for both groups. There were no transplant‐related cardiovascular complications or mortality in either the BL‐ASCT group or the TS‐ASCT group. The median progression‐free survival was 36 months and 44 months in the BL‐ASCT and TS‐ASCT groups, respectively (P = .277), and the median OS was not reached in either group at a median follow‐up of 59 months after ASCT (P = .627). There was no transplant‐related mortality at the 100‐day or 1‐year mark in either group. BL‐ASCT is safe and feasible; transplant‐related mortality, cardiovascular and hematologic complications are similar to those associated with TS‐ASCT. Furthermore, BL‐ASCT can yield similar engraftment and survival parameters comparable to those observed with TS‐ASCT.
Multiple Ether‐Functionalized Phosphonium Ionic Liquids as Highly Fluid Electrolytes
Authors: Philippi Frederik , Rauber Daniel , Zapp Josef , Präsang Carsten , Scheschkewitz David , Hempelmann Rolf
Published: November 2018

Ionic liquids (ILs) are promising electrolytes, although their often high viscosity remains a serious drawback. The latter can be addressed by the introduction of multiple ether functionalization. Based on the highly atom efficient synthesis of tris(2‐ethoxyethyl) phosphine, several new phosphonium ionic liquids were prepared, which allows studying the influence of the ether side chains. Their most important physicochemical properties have been determined and will be interpreted using established approaches like ionicity, hole theory, and the Walden plot. There is striking evidence that the properties of phosphonium ionic liquids with the methanesulfonate anion are dominated by aggregation, whereas the two triple ether functionalized ILs with the highest fluidity show almost ideal behavior with other factors being dominant. It is furthermore found that the deviation from ideality is not significantly changed upon introduction of the ether side chains, although a very beneficial impact on the fluidity of ILs is observed. Multiple ether functionalization therefore proves as a powerful tool to overcome the disadvantages of phosphonium ionic liquids with large cations.