bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliability Evaluation of Power Supply for More-Electric-Aircraft Based on Information Entropy
Authors: Qi Xuanxuan , Cao Jian’an , Li Xiaojiao
Published: August 2019

In order to overcome the shortcomings of traditional power supply reliability evaluation model of multi-electric aircraft in the process of multi-component system research, this paper introduces the approximate probability distribution of multi-component system by cross-entropy, it proposes a Monte Carlo method based on information entropy to evaluate the power supply reliability of multi-electric aircraft, and obtains the approximate probability distribution by differential evolution to make the reliability evaluation. The estimated variance is approximately zero. Finally, taking an aircraft power supply system as an example, the convergence and accuracy of several reliability analysis methods are compared and analyzed. The results show the superiority of this method.
Research on High Brightness Light Source Equipment for Wind Tunnel Test
Authors: Fei XUE , Chengdong MING , Huaqiang WANG , Yuchao WANG
Published: August 2019

The experimental technology of high brightness light source was studied in sub-transonic supersonic wind tunnel. The elevation light source should be installed on the smooth wall of the tunnel, and the elevation camera should be installed in the safe area of the lower wall of the wind tunnel. The falling image of the missile model in the test is reflected into the elevation camera through a reflector mounted on a curved knife. The full trajectory images and aerodynamic parameters of projectiles of embedded weapons in aircraft can be obtained by the wind tunnel dual-view angle, high brightness light path system and six-degree-of-freedom image analysis system. The newly developed high brightness light source system makes the image clearer and the accuracy of model angle of attack identification less than 0.2 degrees, which is conducive to the analysis of model trajectory. The optical system is designed reasonably, so that the motion trajectory and six-degree-of-freedom data of the model can be obtained easily by using the dual-view technology. Wind tunnel tests under complex aerodynamic conditions of sub-transonic supersonic and multi-body interference have been completed, and all parameters have reached or surpassed the existing technical indicators, meeting the requirements of wind tunnel test research on ejection of embedded weapons in aircraft.
Dynamic Simulation and Vibration Test of the Active Potential Controller
Authors: Junfeng Wang , Tao Li , Hua Zhao , Qiongying Ren , Yi Zong , Qinghai Liu , Xufeng Fan
Published: August 2019

The Active Potential Controller was used to avoid the risk of damaging the life of astronauts outside spaceships in outer space by controlling the potential of the spaceship. This paper analyzed the structure of the Active Potential Controller by dynamic simulation, including setting up a finite element method (FEM) model, modal character and frequency response. At last, the designing and analysis was proved by the data from a vibration test. In this field, decreasing the weight was a key theme, the goal is cutting the cost. But cancelling or improving the sine vibration test could also save a lot cost, either for the payload or the satellite.
Whole Body Surface Assessment – Implementierung und
Erfahrungen von 360° 3D Ganzkörperscans: Möglichkeiten zur Objektivierung und
Verlaufskontrolle an den Extremitäten und am Körperstamm
Authors: Etzel Lucas , Koban Konstantin Christoph , Li Zhouxiao , Frank Konstantin , Giunta Riccardo Enzo , Schenck Thilo Ludwig
Published: August 2019

Hintergrund Dreidimensionale (3D) Oberflächenaufnahmen haben sich als
objektiver Mehrwert in der Planung und Dokumentation unterschiedlicher plastisch
chirurgischer Eingriffe erwiesen. Obwohl Oberflächen- und Volumenanalysen für
einzelne Bereiche wie der Brust und des Gesichts im klinischen Alltag eingesetzt
werden, war es bislang nicht ausreichend möglich, Auswirkungen auf die gesamte
Körperoberfläche zu erfassen und zu quantifizieren. Ziel dieser Studie war die
Implementierung von 360° Ganzkörperscans zur zukünftigen Therapie-Evaluierung
beim Lipödem.

Patienten, Material und Methoden Drei unterschiedliche 3D
Oberflächenscanner (Eva, Thor und Sense) wurden am Probanden hinsichtlich ihrer
Reproduzierbarkeit und Präzision für 360° Aufnahmen evaluiert. Unter einem
standardisierten Setting bestehend aus einem automatischen Drehteller und
definierten Posen wurden axiale Umfangsmessungen und schichtweise Volumina
bestimmt. Statistische und klinische relevante Abweichungen wurden
untersucht.

Ergebnisse Ein standardisierter 360° Scan Ablauf wurde implementiert. Die
Reproduzierbarkeit aller Scanner war zufriedenstellend (p > 0,05). Es zeigten
sich vergleichbare axiale Umfangsmessungen und Volumina für den Eva und Thor
Scanner (p > 0,05). Der Sense Scanner erreichte eine ausreichende
Messgenauigkeit im Thoraxbereich, jedoch signifikante Abweichungen an der
unteren Extremität (p < 0,05). Die Datenauswertung konnte auf ausgewählte
klinische Beispiele übertragen werden.

Schlussfolgerung Es konnte erfolgreich eine 360°
Oberflächenaufnahmetechnik und Analyse in der Plastischen Chirurgie eingeführt
werden. Zwei der getesteten Geräte ermöglichen objektive Umfangs- und
Volumenmessungen am gesamten Körper. Das dritte Gerät, der günstige Sense
Scanner, ermöglichte zwar 360° Aufnahmen, jedoch war dessen Präzision nicht für
alle Bereiche ausreichend. In Zukunft könnten somit die Auswirkungen
unterschiedlicher Therapien an der gesamten Körperoberfläche evaluiert
werden.
Vermeidung von Clustering und Urge bei der chirurgischen transanalen Therapie der distalen tiefen Rektozele
Authors: Benecke Claudia , de Santo Gianluca , Strik Martin , Keck Tobias , Zimmermann Markus
Published: August 2019

Die Behandlung obstruktiver Beschwerden des Anorektums stellt eine Herausforderung dar. Die Vorhersagewahrscheinlichkeit eines Erfolges chirurgischer Maßnahmen ist weiterhin unsicher. Aufgrund der aus dem tiefen Rektum intramural vermittelten Rückmeldesignale und konsekutiver Motilitätsmodulation des Kolorektums können morphologische Veränderungen nicht allein zur Indikationsstellung herangezogen werden. Andererseits gilt es, die Physiologie des enterischen Nervensystems in die Indikationsstellung und Verfahrenswahl mit einzubeziehen. Rektozelen können ein morphologisches Korrelat für eine Outlet-Obstruktion darstellen. Es kann hier nach der Höhenlokalisation in hohe, mittlere und distale Formen unterteilt werden, deren Erscheinungsbild sich in den oberen Dritteln eher flächig darstellt, deren Genese eng mit der Anzahl der Geburten korreliert und die Evaluation der Levatorenschenkeldistanz erforderlich macht. Die distalen tiefen verhaltbildenden Formen finden sich auch bei Nulliparae und haben ihre Ursache in einem transversen Querriss direkt oberhalb der Verankerung des Septums am Perineum. Bei diesen Patientinnen mit ventraler distaler Ventilrektozele überprüften wir die Ergebnisse der Versorgung mittels interner Vollwandraffung und Mukosaresektion im Hinblick auf die Kurz- und Langzeitergebnisse, Komplikationen, ODS-Symptomatik und insbesondere mit der Frage nach der Entstehung von De-novo-Urge oder Clustering. Im Zeitraum zwischen Januar 2009 und Januar 2014 erfolgten 35 Eingriffe bei distalen tiefen symptomatischen ventralen Rektozelen in modifizierter Technik nach Sullivan. Es fanden sich keine intraoperativen oder frühpostoperativen Komplikationen, in den Kontrollen nach 2 Wochen keine Nahtdehiszenzen oder Blutungen, 4 Wochen postoperativ keine Urge-Symptomatik, kein Clustering. In einer Langzeitbefragung (2 – 7 Jahre) postoperativ gaben über 80% an, ihr Operationsergebnis subjektiv dauerhaft positiv zu bewerten. Der mittlere obstruktive Defäkations-Score (ODS) nach Altomare et al. wurde um 9 Punkte reduziert.
Obstruktives Defäkationssyndrom: Stellenwert der sakralen Neuromodulation
Authors: Kollmann Cathérine , Kim Mia
Published: August 2019

Nach der erfolgreichen Etablierung des sakralen Nervenschrittmachers in der Therapie der fäkalen Inkontinenz zeigten erste Kohortenstudien ebenfalls vielversprechende Ergebnisse in der Therapie der konservativ refraktären chronischen Konstipation und obstruktiven Defäkation. Langzeitdaten wie auch Studien höchster Evidenz konnten diese jedoch nicht bestätigen. So zeigten randomisierte Studien keinen Vorteil einer sakralen Nervenstimulation verglichen mit nicht stimulierten Patienten. Im Langzeitverlauf erleiden viele Patienten einen Wirkverlust oder unerwünschte Ereignisse nach Implantation, die wiederum zu hohen Explantationsraten führen. Aufgrund der aktuellen Studienlage kann der sakralen Nervenstimulation momentan noch kein klarer Stellenwert im Allgemeinen Therapiealgorithmus der chronischen Konstipation und der obstruktiven Defäkation zugeordnet werden. Noch ist unklar, ob und welches Patientenkollektiv von einer sakralen Nervenstimulation (SNS) profitieren könnte. Weitere Studien zur Identifikation möglicher Selektionskriterien für die sakrale Nervenstimulation bei chronischer Konstipation und obstruktiver Defäkation sind hierfür notwendig. Ziel dieses narrativen Reviews ist es, einen Überblick über die aktuelle Datenlage in Hinblick auf den Stellenwert der SNS-Therapie bei der obstruktiven Defäkation als eine Subgruppe der chronischen Konstipation zu geben.
Female Patient with Simultaneous Occurrence of Subacute Thyroiditis and Focal Autonomy
Authors: Loberg Christina , Mallek Dirk , Mottaghy Felix M. , Beheshti Mohsen , Heinzel Alexander
Published: August 2019

Clinical presentation

A 57-year-old female patient presented at the emergency department with fatigue, increased sweating, flushing symptoms, loss of appetite, drowsiness and severe diarrhea. Besides she also mentioned painful left-sided sore throat radiating to the temples, beginning two weeks after a flu and subfebrile temperatures.
Paraneoplastische Livedovaskulopathie bei einem jungen Mann mit Embryonalzellkarzinom des Hodens – ein Fallbericht
Authors: Angeletti Flavia , Meissner Markus , Kaufmann Roland , Valesky Eva
Published: August 2019

Die Livedovaskulopathie (LV) ist eine Erkrankung der kleinen Gefäße der Haut, bei der es durch Thromben zu Gefäßverschlüssen kommt. Klinisch präsentieren die Patienten eine Livedo racemosa und schmerzhafte Ulzerationen, die narbig als Atrophie blanche abheilen. Mit der Erkrankung vergesellschaftet sind häufig Störungen der Gerinnung mit Hyperkoagulabilität, aber auch Autoimmunerkrankungen und Neoplasien. Eine gründliche Diagnostik sollte daher bei bestehendem Verdacht auf eine LV durchgeführt werden. Wir präsentieren hier den Fall eines jungen Mannes mit LV, der neben einer Faktor V Leiden-Mutation, ein Antiphospholipid-Syndrom und einen Embryonalzelltumor des Hodens aufwies.
CF3COOH/O2-Mediated Metal-Free Domino Construction of the Isatin Skeleton
Authors: Zhou Jiadi , Chen Yongjian , Wang Fang , Zhang Qiwei , Li Jianjun
Published: August 2019

Directed by the strategy of C–H activation, an efficient construction of the isatin skeleton was developed through aerobic oxidation of glycine esters. The reactions were performed under CF3COOH/O2 conditions in the absence of metal catalysts. The reaction mechanisms were investigated with control experiments.
Copper-Catalyzed 6-endo-dig O-Cyclization of 2-(But-3-en-1-yn-1-yl)benzamide
Authors: Wang Rui-Xiang , Fang Zhuang , Qiu Guanyinsheng , Xie Wenlin , Liu Jin-Biao
Published: August 2019

The copper-catalyzed synthesis of 3-vinylisocoumarin-1-imine is reported. The transformation proceeds smoothly with good yields in THF and the regioselectivity was determined by a O-nucleo­philic 6-endo cyclization. Studies on the mechanism indicate that copper trifluoroacetate serves as a Lewis acid, and the use of vinyl-connected 2-alkynylbenzamide is important for this O-nucleophilic 6-endo cyclization.
A Straightforward Conversion of Activated Amides and Haloalkanes into Esters under Transition-Metal-Free Cs2CO3/DMAP Conditions
Authors: Jian Junsheng , Wang Zijia , Chen Liuqing , Gu Ying , Miao Liqiong , Liu Yueping , Zeng Zhuo
Published: August 2019

The esterification of activated amides, N-acylsaccharins, under transition-metal-free conditions with good functional group tolerance has been developed, resulting in C–N cleavage leading to efficient synthesis of a variety of esters in moderate to good yields. This work demonstrates that esterification may proceed by using simple N-acylsaccharins, haloalkanes, and Cs2CO3 as oxygen source.
The Impact of Patient Interactive Systems on the Management of Pain in an Inpatient Hospital Setting: A Systematic Review
Authors: Aldekhyyel Raniah N. , Bakker Caitlin J. , Pitt Michael B. , Melton Genevieve B.
Published: August 2019

Background While some published literature exists on the use of interactive patient care systems, the effectiveness of these systems on the management of pain is unclear. To fill this gap in knowledge, we aimed to understand the impact and outcomes of pain management patient interactive systems in an inpatient setting.

Methods A systematic literature review was conducted across seven databases, and results were independently screened by two researchers. To extract relevant data, critical appraisal forms were developed and each paper was examined by two experts. Information included patient interactive system category, patient population and number of participants/samples, experiment type, and specific outcome measures.

Results Out of 58 full-text articles assessed for eligibility, 18 were eligible and included in the final qualitative synthesis. Overall, there were two main types of pain management interactive systems within the inpatient setting (standalone systems and integrated platform systems). While systems were diverse especially for integrated platforms, most reported systems were entertainment distraction systems. Reports examined a variety of outcome measures, including changes in patient-reported pain levels, patient engagement, user satisfaction, changes in clinical workflow, and changes in documentation. In the 13 systems measuring pain scores, 12 demonstrated a positive impact on pain level scores.

Conclusion Pain management systems appear to be effective in lowering patient level scores, but research comparing the effectiveness and efficacy of one type of interactive system versus another in the management of pain is needed. While not conclusive, pain management systems integrated with other technology platforms show potentially promising effects with improving patient communication, education, and self-reporting.
Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Incidentally Detected Unicornuate Uteri
Authors: Matthews Kathy C. , Chasen Stephen T.
Published: August 2019

Objective To estimate the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with incidentally detected unicornuate uteri.

Study Design This is a descriptive study. Database review identified patients with unicornuate uteri and singleton pregnancies at ≥12 weeks' gestation. Patients were excluded if the diagnosis of unicornuate uterus was made after a midtrimester loss or preterm delivery. Records were reviewed to obtain clinical outcomes. Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and Mann–Whitney U-test were used for statistical analysis.

Results Forty patients with 67 pregnancies were included. Most diagnoses were made during infertility work-up (76.2%). There was one midtrimester loss (1.5%). In the remaining 66 pregnancies, median gestational age at delivery was 38 weeks. There were 20 (30.3%) preterm births, 9 (13.6%) spontaneous preterm births, and 11 (16.7%) indicated preterm births. Women with indicated preterm births were more likely to have placental abnormalities. Of the available placental pathology, 45.2% had histological lesions of malperfusion. Cesarean delivery was performed in 77.3% of cases.

Conclusion Most women with incidentally detected unicornuate uteri gave birth at term. More than half the preterm births were indicated, with relatively high rates of placental abnormalities. In patients without a poor obstetrical history, rates of midtrimester loss and spontaneous preterm birth were lower than previously described.
Risk of Severe Maternal Morbidity or Death in Relation to Prenatal Biochemical Screening: Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Lentz Eric J.M. , Park Alison L. , Langlois Alec W.R. , Huang Tianhua , Meschino Wendy S. , Ray Joel G.
Published: August 2019

Objective This study aimed to examine whether prenatal biochemical screening analytes are associated with an increased risk of severe maternal morbidity (SMM) or maternal mortality.

Study Design This population-based cohort study includes all women in Ontario, Canada, who underwent prenatal screening from 2001 to 2011. Increasing fifth percentiles of the multiple of the median (MoM) for alphafetoprotein (AFP), total human chorionic gonadotropin, unconjugated estriol (uE3), dimeric inhibin-A (DIA), and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A were evaluated. An abnormally high concentration (>95th percentile MoM) for each analyte, individually and combined, was also evaluated. The main outcome assessed was the adjusted relative risk (aRR) of SMM or maternal mortality from 20 weeks' gestation up to 26 weeks thereafter.

Results Among 748,972 pregnancies, 11,177 resulted in SMM or maternal mortality (1.5%). Except for uE3, the aRR of SMM or maternal mortality increased in association with increasing fifth percentiles of the MoM for all analytes. AFP (aRR: 2.10; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.97–2.25) and DIA (aRR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.98–2.74) > 95th versus ≤ 5th percentile of the MoM were especially associated with SMM or death.

Conclusion Women with abnormally high concentrations of certain prenatal biochemical analytes may be at a higher risk of SMM or death in pregnancy or postpartum.
Risk Factors for Inpatient Mortality in Patients Born with Gastroschisis in the United States
Authors: Lamoshi Abdulraouf , Rothstein David H.
Published: August 2019

Objective This study aimed to characterize risk factors for inpatient mortality in patients born with gastroschisis in a contemporary cohort.

Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of infants born with gastroschisis using the Kids' Inpatient Database 2016. Simple descriptive statistics were used to characterize the patients by demographics, and illness severity was estimated using the All-Patient Refined Diagnosis-Related Groups classification. Variables associated with an increased risk of mortality on univariate analysis were incorporated into a multivariable logistic regression model to generate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for mortality.

Results An estimated 1,990 patient with gastroschisis were born in 2016, with a 3.7% mortality rate during the initial hospitalization. Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated the following variables to be associated with an increased risk of inpatient mortality: black or Asian race compared with white (aOR: 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–6.1, p = 0.03 and aOR: 4.1, 95% CI: 1.3–13.3, p = 0.02, respectively), whereas private health insurance compared with government (aOR: 0.2; 95% CI: 0.2–0.8; p = 0.007) and exurban domicile compared with urban (aOR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.2–0.9; p = 0.04) appeared to be associated with a decreased risk of inpatient mortality.

Conclusion Inpatient mortality for neonates with gastroschisis is relatively low. Even after correcting for illness severity, race, health insurance status, and domicile appear to play a role in mortality disparities. Opportunities may exist to further decrease mortality in at-risk populations.
Smallness at Birth and Neonatal Death: Reexamining the Current Indicator Using Sibling Data
Authors: Tabet Maya , Flick Louise H. , Xian Hong , Jen Jen Chang
Published: August 2019

Objective The similarity in size among siblings has implications for neonatal death, but research in this area is lacking in the United States. We examined the association between small-for-gestational age (SGA), defined as a birthweight <10th percentile for gestational age, and neonatal death, defined as death within the first 28 days of life, among second births who had an elder sibling with SGA (“repeaters”) versus those whose elder sibling did not have SGA (“nonrepeaters”).

Study Design We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study including 179,436 women who had their first two nonanomalous singleton live births in Missouri (1989–2005). Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between SGA and neonatal death among second births, stratified by whether the elder sibling was SGA.

Results Out of 179,436 second births, 297 died in the neonatal period. There was a significant interaction between birthweight-for-gestational age of first and second births in relation to neonatal death (p = 0.001). Second births with SGA had increased odds of neonatal death by 2.15-fold if they were “repeaters,” and 4.44-fold if they were “nonrepeaters,” as compared with non-SGA second births.

Conclusion Our findings suggest that referencing sibling birthweight may be warranted when evaluating infant size in relation to neonatal death.
Robust, carbon related, superconducting nanostructure at the apex of a tungsten STM tip
Authors: Ayani C. G. , Calleja F. , Casado Aguilar P. , Norris A. , Navarro J. J. , Garnica M. , Acebrón M. , Granados D. , Vázquez de Parga A. L. , Rodrigo J. G. , Miranda R.
Published: August 2019

By pulsing the tunneling voltage between the Tungsten (W) tip of a Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) and a graphene-covered metal surface, a superconducting (SC) nanostructure is formed at the apex of the STM tip. We have characterized the SC properties of the resulting nanotip as a function of temperature and magnetic field, obtaining a transition temperature of 3.3 K and a critical field well above 3 T. The SC nanotip is robust and stable and achieves atomic resolution. A non-SC tip can be easily recovered by controlled voltage pulsing on a clean metal surface. The present result should be taken into account when studying zero-bias features like Kondo resonances, zero-bias-conductance peaks, or superconductivity on graphene-based systems by means of STM using tungsten tips.
Spin-wave diagnostics of the magnetization distribution over the thickness of a ferrite film
Authors: Tikhonov V. V. , Litvinenko A. N.
Published: August 2019

High-intensity microwave excitation of short-wavelength exchange spin waves in a normally magnetized epitaxial film of an yttrium iron garnet (YIG) has been found. The waves were excited in a thin diffusion layer at the boundary between the YIG film and a nonmagnetic gadolinium gallium garnet substrate. It propagates into the YIG film. In the pulsed excitation mode, a series of delayed echo pulses of the exchange waves reflected from the opposite surface of the film was observed. The distribution function of the magnetization over the thickness of the ferrite film was calculated based on the measurements of the time delay of the echo pulses. The dispersion characteristics of the detected waves were calculated.
Rare earth-implanted lithium niobate: Properties and on-chip integration
Authors: Jiang Xiaodong , Pak Dongmin , Nandi Arindam , Xuan Yi , Hosseini Mahdi
Published: August 2019

We investigated the optical properties of rare-earth ions (Yb3+ and Er3+) implanted into lithium niobate (LN) crystals and observed superluminescent emission from a sheet of Yb ions in the Yb-implanted LN crystal (Yb:LN). Moreover, by directly integrating the Er-implanted LN crystal (Er:LN) with a silicon photonic chip with waveguide and resonator structures, we observed the evanescent coupling of photoluminescent light from the Er ions to the optical modes of the waveguide and microcavity. We measured an optical quality factor of about 104 and observed a modification of the photoluminescent emission from Er3+ ions in the integrated structure. The platform can ultimately enable developing the integrated multifunctional quantum photonic devices.
Ultrafast measurements of polarization switching dynamics on ferroelectric and anti-ferroelectric hafnium zirconium oxide
Authors: Si Mengwei , Lyu Xiao , Shrestha Pragya R. , Sun Xing , Wang Haiyan , Cheung Kin P. , Ye Peide D.
Published: August 2019

The ultrafast measurements of polarization switching dynamics on ferroelectric (FE) and antiferroelectric (AFE) hafnium zirconium oxide (HZO) are studied. The transient current during the polarization switching process is probed directly on the nanosecond scale. The switching time is determined to be as fast as 10 ns to reach fully switched polarization with characteristic switching times of 5.4 ns for FE HZO and 4.5 ns for AFE HZO by the nucleation limited switching model. The limitation by the parasitic effect on capacitor charging is found to be critical in the correct and accurate measurements of intrinsic polarization switching speed of HZO.
Quantitative investigation of intrinsic shear strain and asymmetric interface conditions in semiconductor superlattices
Authors: Li Yuan , Liu Fengqi , Ye Xiaoling , Liu Yu , Wang Jiawei , Chen Yonghai
Published: August 2019

We introduce a convenient and nondestructive method for the quantitative study of symmetry-related factors in low-dimensional semiconductor structures. By experimentally monitoring the intrinsic valence-bands mixing effect (VBME) and its variation with external strain modulation, together with the application of effective-mass theory, intrinsic shear strain and asymmetric interface conditions can be simultaneously determined in InGaAs/InAlAs superlattices. The observed shear strain is of the order of 10−3. Further analysis reveals that the VBME induced by asymmetric interface conditions is weaker than that induced by intrinsic shear strain. In addition, they exhibit a compensating relationship in the studied superlattices. The proposed method can be generalized for quantitative investigation of symmetry-related factors in many other semiconductor nanostructures in the framework of k⋅p perturbation theory.
Ultralow-field nuclear magnetic resonance of liquids confined in ferromagnetic and paramagnetic materials
Authors: Tayler Michael C. D. , Ward-Williams Jordan , Gladden Lynn F.
Published: August 2019

A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) procedure is used to measure weak magnetic fields in the vicinity of dilute ferromagnetic and/or paramagnetic materials. By detecting 1H Larmor precession in common solvents at extremely low frequencies (<50 Hz), the magnetic field produced by remanent magnetization of the material is measured by NMR to a precision of <1 nT. In one example, the technique is used to quantify the magnitude and direction of remanent magnetization in a common aluminum alloy. In another example, a 1H NMR linewidth <1 Hz is demonstrated for liquid decane (n-C10H22) embedded inside a mesoporous silica matrix, despite the high concentration of paramagnetic cobalt sites that produce magnetic susceptibility gradients in the system. Application to systems of industrial relevance is discussed.
Realization of arbitrary state-transfer via superadiabatic passages in a superconducting circuit
Authors: Yang Zhen , Tan Xinsheng , Dong Yuqian , Yang Xiaopei , Song Shuqing , Han Zhikun , Chu Ji , Li Zhiyuan , Lan Dong , Yu Haifeng , Yu Yang
Published: August 2019

We propose and demonstrate experimentally the arbitrary state-transfer in a qubit by using a superadiabatic approach in a superconducting circuit. We encode the qubit in a time-dependent dark state generated by an applied microwave field, speeding up the adiabatic evolution by transitionless quantum driving algorithms. This approach is realized experimentally in a qutrit system, which consists of a qubit and an ancillary level. Furthermore, we analyze the robustness of the implementation and measure the fidelity of transfer operation by using randomized benchmarking technique.
Film deposition by thermal laser evaporation
Authors: Braun Wolfgang , Mannhart Jochen
Published: August 2019

We study the thermal evaporation of materials by irradiation with laser light to deposit layers with atomically precise thickness. Under ultrahigh to moderate vacuum pressures, a focused laser beam is directed to the front surface of a source target to heat it to temperatures suitable for thermal evaporation. The local heating, combined with efficient radiative heat dissipation at high temperatures, allows the evaporation of solid elements from self-supported targets, eliminating the need for crucibles. The temperature is controlled by a sensor on the back of the target with feedback to the laser power. Evaporating representative metals, we achieve ultrahigh evaporation temperatures exceeding 2000 °C as well as temperature stabilities of better than ±0.1 °C. Combined with laser substrate heating, this enables a thermal laser epitaxy process that is capable in principle of accurately co-depositing any combination of chemical elements at any substrate temperature under a vacuum pressure only to provide a mean free path exceeding the target–sample distance.
Surface parametric instability of star-shaped oscillating liquid drops
Authors: Dong Jiahao , Liu Yuping , Xu Qian , Wang Yinlong , Wang Sihui
Published: August 2019

The star-shaped oscillation of water drops has been observed in various physical situations under vertical excitation with different sources. In the past, the motion of such drops was simplified to two dimensions and only the azimuthal oscillation modes were considered. The parametric instability mechanism explained with the 2D (two-dimensional) model and the corresponding dispersion relation are not satisfactory. In this paper, we show that the external excitation induces a Faraday-wave-like parametric instability on the upper surface of the drop, and the surface patterns and azimuthal oscillations are coupled to produce star-shaped oscillations, which induces a significant softening to oscillation frequencies. We build a 3D (three-dimensional) theoretical model, in which the surface patterns and azimuthal oscillations are connected via kinematical boundary conditions and vary at the same frequency. Given the surface and azimuthal mode numbers, we propose a quasi-3D dispersion relation, which shows better consistency with the experimental data compared with the previous quasi-2D dispersion relation. Our theoretical model provides a more accurate description of the dynamics of liquid drops and will motivate a wide range of applications.
Adsorbed gas layers limit the mobility of micropancakes
Authors: Teshima Hideaki , Takata Yasuyuki , Takahashi Koji
Published: August 2019

In contrast to surface nanobubbles, the properties of atomically flat gas phases such as micropancakes remain unclear. In this study, we investigated nanoscopic gas phases existing at the interface between highly ordered pyrolytic graphite and air-supersaturated pure water using high-sensitivity frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy (AFM). Micropancakes appeared on a disordered gas layer overlying an ordered gas layer and moved in the direction of AFM scanning. Their movement stopped at the edge of the disordered gas layers, whereas the two gas layers did not move at all. The limited mobility of micropancakes is explained by assuming that the disordered and ordered gas layers, which are composed of strongly adsorbed gas molecules, behave like solid surfaces, and that the surface heterogeneity between them results in a pinning effect.
Sensitivity enhancement of poly(methyl methacrylate) upon exposure to picosecond-pulsed extreme ultraviolet
Authors: Hosaka Yuji , Oyama Tomoko Gowa , Yamamoto Hiroki , Ishino Masahiko , Dinh Thanh-Hung , Nishikino Masaharu , Maekawa Yasunari
Published: August 2019

Short-pulse extreme ultraviolet (EUV) of a free-electron laser (FEL) is a prime candidate as a next-generation EUV lithography light source. However, the physical events and chemical reactions in resist materials, induced by the short-pulse EUV, have not yet been elucidated. In this study, the morphological and chemical changes in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) induced by picosecond-pulsed EUV were investigated using an X-ray laser (XRL) as a touchstone for next-generation EUV-FEL lithography. The XRL is suitable for the evaluation of resist materials in next-generation EUV-FEL lithography because of its short pulse width (7 ps) and high intensity (approximately 200 nJ/pulse at a maximum). The sensitivity of PMMA upon exposure to a 7 ps XRL pulse was enhanced by approximately 50 times in comparison with using conventional EUV sources, which have a typical pulse width of the order of nanoseconds. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the decomposition of both the main and side chains of PMMA after XRL irradiation. These changes only occurred for relatively high doses of EUV irradiation at picosecond timescales. Thus, the results suggest the importance of a specific resist design for next-generation EUV-FEL lithography.
Anomalous dispersion of oblique terahertz waves localized in the plate of a layered superconductor
Authors: Apostolov S. S. , Maizelis Z. A. , Shimkiv D. V. , Shmat’ko A. A. , Yampol’skii V. A.
Published: August 2019

A theoretical study of localized waves propagating along a plate with finite thickness, made out of a layered superconductor with layers perpendicular to the surface of the plate. Due to the strong anisotropy of the layered superconductor, the electromagnetic field of the mode is a superposition of the ordinary and extraordinary waves that, in general, cannot be separated from each other. The dispersion law for an arbitrary direction of the propagation of such localized modes with respect to the layers is derived. It is shown that the dispersion curves may increase in both a monotonic and non-monotonic manner, i.e. they contain regions with anomalous dispersion. The frequencies at which the anomalous dispersion may be observed are determined as a function of the propagation angle. The dependence of the frequency on both the modulus of the longitudinal wave vector and its projections is analyzed. The results obtained may be of significant importance to practical applications in terahertz-range electronics.
n-Octyl (Thio)glycosides as Potential Cryoprotectants: Glass Transition Behaviour, Membrane Permeability, and Ice Recrystallization Inhibition Studies
Authors: Raju Rekha , Merl Theresa , Adam Madeleine K. , Staykov Emiliyan , Ben Robert N. , Bryant Gary , Wilkinson Brendan L.
Published: August 2019

A series of eight n-octyl (thio)glycosides (1α, β–4α, β) with d-glucose or d-galactose-configured head groups and varying anomeric configuration were synthesized and evaluated for glass transition behaviour, membrane permeability, and ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activity. Of these, n-octyl β-d-glucopyranoside (2β) exhibited a high glass transition temperatures (Tg), both as a neat sample and 20 wt-% aqueous solution. Membrane permeability studies of this compound revealed cellular uptake to concentrations relevant to the inhibition of intracellular ice formation, thus presenting a promising lead candidate for further biophysical and cryopreservation studies. Compounds were also evaluated as ice recrystallization inhibitors; however, no detectable activity was observed for the newly tested compounds.
Long-term monitoring of potamodromous migratory fish larvae in an undammed river
Authors: Rosa Rafael Rogério , Silva Jislaine Cristina , Bialetzki Andréa
Published: August 2019

Freshwater fish reproduce annually in environments that provide favourable conditions for spawning and larval survival and growth. Thus, the aims of this study were to use long-term larval density data to evaluate the temporal distribution of the dourado Salminus brasiliensis, its habitat use for larval development and the effects of environmental variables on reproduction. S. brasiliensis larvae were mainly recorded in October and January in the Ivinheima River, and higher densities of larvae, primarily in the preflexion and flexion stages, were captured in the river and backwater biotopes. Water level, dissolved oxygen and temperature were the primary variables affecting the density of larvae, and this species can migrate over 200km to reproduce in the Ivinheima River and its tributaries. Therefore, S. brasiliensis is reproducing annually, indicating favourable local conditions for migration and spawning, and exhibits differential use of biotopes for reproduction, including rivers and backwaters (spawning) and lagoons (refuge and growth). Therefore, considering that the dourado is a key species for conservation, ensuring its reproductive success means maintaining a balanced ecological structure.
Motility-limited aggregation of mammary epithelial cells into fractal-like clusters
Authors: Leggett Susan E. , Neronha Zachary J. , Bhaskar Dhananjay , Sim Jea Yun , Perdikari Theodora Myrto , Wong Ian Y.
Published: August 2019

Significance

Individually migrating cells cluster into multicellular tissues during tissue formation, inflammation, and cancer. The corresponding increase in cell density can result in arrested motion, analogous to the “jamming” of soft materials such as glasses and gels. Here, we show that cells with reduced motility and proliferation organize into branching clusters, reminiscent of aggregation in nonliving colloidal particles. Subsequently, “leader cells” guide collective migration to link clusters together into spanning networks. These arrested dynamics occur at unusually low density and are reminiscent of gelation. Furthermore, increased motility and proliferation recover a glass-like transition at higher density. Overall, arrested motion in living cells has striking similarities with nonliving colloidal particles, suggesting physical signatures of clustering and branching morphogenesis in development and disease.
Rickettsia conorii
O antigen is the target of bactericidal Weil–Felix antibodies
Authors: Kim Hwan Keun , Premaratna Ranjan , Missiakas Dominique M. , Schneewind Olaf
Published: August 2019

Rickettsial diseases have long been diagnosed with serum antibodies cross-reactive against
Proteus vulgaris
(Weil–Felix reaction). Although Weil–Felix antibodies are associated with the development of immunity, their rickettsial target and contribution to disease pathogenesis are not established. Here, we developed a transposon for insertional mutagenesis of
Rickettsia conorii
, isolating variants defective for replication in cultured cells and in spotted fever pathogenesis. Mutations in the
polysaccharide synthesis operon
(
pso
) abolish lipopolysaccharide O-antigen synthesis and Weil–Felix serology and alter outer-membrane protein assembly. Unlike wild-type
R. conorii
,
pso
mutants cannot elicit bactericidal antibodies that bind O antigen. The
pso
operon is conserved among rickettsial pathogens, suggesting that bactericidal antibodies targeting O antigen may generate universal immunity that could be exploited to develop vaccines against rickettsial diseases.
Uphill quenching to reduce residual stress in a heat treatable aluminium alloy
Authors: Robinson J. S. , Truman C. E. , O'Donovan A. , Rebelo Kornmeier J.
Published: August 2019

Three rectilinear blocks of the aluminium alloy 7449 were characterised using neutron and X-ray diffraction. One block was heat treated normally and two blocks were subject to uphill quenching from −196°C to 100°C. Boiling water and steam were used to rapidly increase the temperature of the blocks to reverse the thermal gradients introduced by cold water quenching. It was possible to detect the beneficial influence of uphill quenching on residual stress using either fluid. The influence of steam was very effective but localised and limited to the surface in close proximity to the steam jet. For more uniform stress relief, multiple steam jets will be required to ensure the entire surface receives a significant thermal input.
Yet another paradigm change? Narratives and competing policy paradigms in Brazilian labour market policies
Authors: Vogeler Colette S
Published: August 2019

When policy paradigms compete for sovereignty, a well thought-out narrative story is essential to arguing why one paradigm is superior to another. Narrative stories can be applied to underline the imperative for paradigmatic policy change. Combining Hall’s work on policy paradigms with Stone’s conceptualisation of narrative stories, this article explores how narrative stories are applied to support or oppose competing policy paradigms and proposes that the systematic analysis of narrative stories fosters a better understanding of policy paradigms. The case of labour market policy in Brazil is used to exemplify the argument: 13 years of Workers’ Party rule induced far-reaching changes in Brazilian social and labour market policy based on demand-orientation. Following the impeachment of President Rousseff, interim-President Temer initiated major labour reforms, reviving liberal narratives. This article explores how these policy changes are representative of the competition between policy paradigms, which are reflected in party-political competition, and how recent paradigm change is supported by the construction of narrative stories.
Opto-electromechanically induced transparency in a hybrid opto-electromechanical system*
Authors: Liu Hui , Qin Li-Guo , Tian Li-Jun , Ma Hong-Yang
Published: August 2019

We study opto-electromechanically induced transparency in a hybrid opto-electromechanical system made up of an optical cavity tunneling-coupled to an opto-mechanical cavity, which is capacitively coupled to a charged mechanical oscillator by a charged and moveable mechanical cavity mirror as an interface. By studying the effects of the different parameters on the output field, we propose a scheme to modulate the opto-electromechanically induced transparency (OEMIT). Our results show that the OEMIT with the transparency windows from single to double to triple can be modulated by changing the tunneling, opto-mechanical and electrical couplings. In addition, the explanation of the OEMIT with multi-windows is given by the energy level diagram based on quantum interference. Our investigation will provide an optimal platform to manipulate the transmission of optical field via microfabricated opto-electromechanical device.
Compact finite difference schemes for the backward fractional Feynman–Kac equation with fractional substantial derivative*
Authors: Hu Jiahui , Wang Jungang , Nie Yufeng , Luo Yanwei
Published: August 2019

The fractional Feynman–Kac equations describe the distributions of functionals of non-Brownian motion, or anomalous diffusion, including two types called the forward and backward fractional Feynman–Kac equations, where the non-local time–space coupled fractional substantial derivative is involved. This paper focuses on the more widely used backward version. Based on the newly proposed approximation operators for fractional substantial derivative, we establish compact finite difference schemes for the backward fractional Feynman–Kac equation. The proposed difference schemes have the q-th (q = 1,2,3,4) order accuracy in temporal direction and fourth order accuracy in spatial direction, respectively. The numerical stability and convergence in the maximum norm are proved for the first order time discretization scheme by the discrete energy method, where an inner product in complex space is introduced. Finally, extensive numerical experiments are carried out to verify the availability and superiority of the algorithms. Also, simulations of the backward fractional Feynman–Kac equation with Dirac delta function as the initial condition are performed to further confirm the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Nondeterministic Model Updating of Laser Spot Welded Structure via Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Shah M A S Aziz , Yunus M A , Rani M N Abdul , Salleh N , Iskandar Mirza W I I Wan , Peter C
Published: August 2019

This paper presents the application of response surface method in finite element model updating, as an approach for improving the accuracy and efficiency of the finite element model of a laser spot welded structure, to reflect the physical responses of the structure. The procedures of implementation for response surface in model updating such as sampling method, selecting the significant updating parameters and constructing a quadratic polynomial response surface are discussed. Initially, the finite element model of the structure was developed using CQUAD4 shell element alongside CWELD element connectors to represent laser spot weld joints. Then, NASTRAN SOL 103 was used to calculate the dynamic behaviour of the model (natural frequencies and mode shapes). The experimental modal analysis was then conducted under free-free boundary conditions via LMS SCADAS to obtain experimental data. The minimisation of the discrepancies of the finite element model was based on objective function that was formed by the residuals between finite element and experimental natural frequencies. Results show that response surface method was efficient to be used in finite element model updating since it is capable to improve the accuracy of the finite element model.
Identification dynamic behaviour of disc brake based on finite element model updating approach
Authors: Fouzi M. S. M. , Sani M. S. M. , Ishak M. F. R.
Published: August 2019

Braking system is an essential mechanism that designed to provide a good handling in order to slow down or to stop a vehicle depends on situation and driver’s capability. In order to slow down or to stop the vehicle, brake pad will be pushed and make contact with the disc/rotor to form the friction. Resultant from braking event, it will produce vibration on disc/rotor structure. Thus, this study presents numerical prediction approach to identify the dynamic behaviour of disc brake structure using normal mode analysis in FEA software. Since the result of FEA is a prediction, the fidelity of FE model might be questioned. Therefore, measured data from EMA used to validate the predicted result of FEA through correlation process. As FE model used in this study made from assumption and simplification apart of real structure, it drive to discrepancy between FEA result and EMA data during correlation process. Hence, FE model updating approach implemented in order to reduce the discrepancy and increase the trustworthiness of FE model and it is become the main goal in the present study. The updating process has successfully reduced the discrepancy between FEA and EMA from 9.00 % of error to 4.05 % of error from its original value. As conclusion, the use of model updating process is important in preparing a reliable FE model of test structure no matters how simple or complex it is before being used for further analysis.
Vibration Analysis on Palm Oil Methyl Ester Biodiesel as a Fuel with The Additional of Butanol
Authors: Zikri J.M. , Sani M.S.M. , Erdiwansyah  , Yusop A.F. , Izzudin I. , Sapee S.
Published: August 2019

Along with the development of alternative fuel to replace the usage of petroleum-derivatives, the vibration in the diesel engine has become one of the main focus by researchers recently. The biodiesel has been investigated numerously since the application does not need any modification of the engine and with the different fuel properties, the biodiesel can enhance or deteriorates the engine. Hence, this study will be carried out to investigate the effect adding butanol in two different biodiesel blends by using vibration analysis. The vibration level will be determined in velocity term in RMS by using uniaxial accelerometer. The results indicated that the B10Bu10 blend shows a better reduction in vibration level with the decrement more than 30% for both speed in 25% load while in the 50% load, the decrement was observed to be 13.46% for 1800 RPM and 22.9% for the 2100 RPM. Finally, it can be conclude that the usage of biodiesel with the additional of butanol can improve the vibration level in the diesel engine, however, with an additional volume of biodiesel in the blend tends to increase the vibration level in certain condition.