bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spojrzenie z bliska. Koncepcja kosmosu i ciał niebieskich jako świata oswojonego kulturowo
Authors: Błahut Grzegorz
Published: July 2021

A View From Up Close: The Concept of the Cosmos and Celestial Bodies as Culturally Tamed WorldThe concept of the cosmos, shaped in ancient Greek philosophy, has a different meaning today. This change of meaning reflects rejection of the idea of the cosmos as order established by the gods. The author of the article, as a cultural anthropologist and amateur astronomer, describes this problem by analyzing selected examples of the concepts of the cosmos and of celestial bodies, such as Venus and Sirius. These concepts are examples of alternative knowledge that was an important component of cultural systems. Also touched upon in the article are issues of epistemology and philosophy of science. Spojrzenie z bliska. Koncepcja kosmosu i ciał niebieskich jako świata oswojonego kulturowoPojęcie kosmosu ukształtowane w starożytnej filozofii greckiej ma współcześnie odmienną treść, co odzwierciedla porzucenie idei kosmosu jako ustanowionego przez bogów porządku. Autor artykułu, jako antropolog kulturowy i adept astronomii, opisuje ten problem, analizując wybrane koncepcje kosmosu oraz takich ciał niebieskich, jak Wenus czy Syriusz. Koncepcje te to przykłady alternatywnej wiedzy, która była ważnym składnikiem systemów kulturowych. Na drugim planie podjętych w tym artykule rozważań brane są pod uwagę kwestie dotyczące epistemologii i filozofii nauki.
Demokracja na burzliwe czasy
Authors: Kohák Erazim , Mętrak Maciej
Published: July 2021

Foul-Weather DemocracyThis article is a translation comprising the last chapter and summary of the book Průvodce po demokracii [A Guide Through Democracy], first published in 1997, in which Erazim Kohák shares the experiences of his life in the US and compares it with challenges faced by the new Central-European democracies. This essay describes three fundamental threats the world faces at the turn of the 21st century: demographic, ecological and moral crises. The author underlines the importance of an open dialogue and voluntary involvement of citizens in shaping the social life in a democratic system. Demokracja na burzliwe czasyPrzełożony tekst stanowi ostatni rozdział i podsumowanie wydanej po raz pierwszy w 1997 roku książki Průvodce po demokracii (Przewodnik po demokracji), w której Erazim Kohák dzieli się swoimi doświadczeniami życia w USA i porównuje je z wyzwaniami stojącymi przed młodymi demokracjami Europy Środkowej. Esej przedstawia trzy fundamentalne zagrożenia przełomu XX i XXI wieku: kryzysy demograficzny, ekologiczny i moralny. Autor podkreśla w nim wagę, jaką ma dla demokracji otwarcie się na dialog i dobrowolne zaangażowanie obywateli w kształtowanie życia społecznego.
Marine Boundary Layers above Heterogeneous SST: Alongfront Winds
Authors: Sullivan Peter P. , McWilliams James C. , Weil Jeffrey C. , Patton Edward G. , Fernando Harindra J. S.
Published: July 2021

Turbulent flow in a weakly convective marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) driven by geostrophic winds Vg = 10 m s−1 and heterogeneous sea surface temperature (SST) is examined using fine-mesh large-eddy simulation (LES). The imposed SST heterogeneity is a single-sided warm or cold front with jumps Δθ = (2, −1.5) K varying over a horizontal x distance of 1 km characteristic of an upper-ocean mesoscale or submesoscale front. The geostrophic winds are oriented parallel to the SST isotherms (i.e., the winds are alongfront). Previously, Sullivan et al. examined a similar flow configuration but with geostrophic winds oriented perpendicular to the imposed SST isotherms (i.e., the winds were across-front). Results with alongfront and across-front winds differ in important ways. With alongfront winds, the ageostrophic surface wind is weak, about 5 times smaller than the geostrophic wind, and horizontal pressure gradients couple the SST front and the atmosphere in the momentum budget. With across-front winds, horizontal pressure gradients are weak and mean horizontal advection primarily balances vertical flux divergence. Alongfront winds generate persistent secondary circulations (SC) that modify the surface fluxes as well as turbulent fluxes in the MABL interior depending on the sign of Δθ. Warm and cold filaments develop opposing pairs of SC with a central upwelling or downwelling region between the cells. Cold filaments reduce the entrainment near the boundary layer top that can potentially impact cloud initiation. The surface-wind–SST-isotherm orientation is an important component of atmosphere–ocean coupling. The results also show frontogenetic tendencies in the MABL.
Errors in the winter temperature response to ENSO over North America in seasonal forecast models
Authors: Kim Seon Tae , Lee Yun-Young , Oh Ji-Hyun , Lim A-Young
Published: July 2021

This study presents the ability of seasonal forecast models to represent the observed mid-latitude teleconnection associated with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events over the North American region for the winter months of December, January, and February. Further, the impacts of the associated errors on regional forecast performance for winter temperatures are evaluated, with a focus on one-month lead time forecasts. In most models, there exists a strong linear relationship of temperature anomalies with ENSO and, thus, a clear anomaly sign separation between both ENSO phases persists throughout the winter, whereas linear relationships are weak in observations. This leads to a difference in the temperature forecast performance between the two ENSO phases. Forecast verification scores show that the winter season warming (cooling) events during El Niño in northern (southern) North America are more correctly forecasted in the models than the cooling (warming) events during La Niña. One possible reason for this result is that the remote atmospheric teleconnection pattern in the models is almost linear or symmetric between the El Niño and La Niña phases. The strong linear atmospheric teleconnection appears to be associated with the models’ failure in simulating the westward shift of the tropical Pacific rainfall response for the La Niña phase compared to that for the El Niño phase, which is attributed to the warmer central tropical Pacific in the models. This study highlights that understanding how the predictive performance of climate models varies according to El Niño or La Niña phases is very important when utilizing predictive information from seasonal forecast models.
Design and Experimental Study of a Novel Full-ocean-depth Pressure-retaining Sediment Sampler
Authors: He Shudong , Peng Youduo , Jin Yongping , Yan Jian , Wan Buyan
Published: July 2021

Deep-sea sediments hold evolutionary records of the oceanic environment, records of great significance for scientific fields investigating marine sedimentary processes, structural evolution, and seabed mineral resource exploration. However, the acquisition of original samples from deep-sea sediments is completely dependent on advanced seabed sediment collection methods and technical equipment. In this paper, a novel sampler is proposed to obtain intact sediment samples at full-ocean-depth. It mainly consists of a sampling device, pressure-retaining device, pressure-compensating device and sample transfer device. The sampler can collect samples at full-ocean-depth (11,000 m) with a maximum core diameter of 54 mm and core length of 350 mm, and samples can be maintained at near in situ pressures during recovery. The sampler can be installed on a remote operated vehicle (ROV) or human occupied vehicle (HOV), and operated with a single mechanical arm to collect pressure-retained samples. The experimental test showed that the novel sampler had good pressure-retaining performance and suitability with a mechanical arm, and can be applied to pressure-retaining sampling of seabed sediments at depth of 11,000 m.
Immune cells surveil aberrantly sialylated O-glycans on megakaryocytes to regulate platelet count
Authors: Lee-Sundlov Melissa M. , Burns Robert T. , Kim Taylor O. , Grozovsky Renata , Giannini Silvia , Rivadeneyra Leonardo , Zheng Yongwei , Glabere Simon H. , Kahr Walter H. A. , Abdi Reza , Despotovic Jenny M. , Wang Demin , Hoffmeister Karin M.
Published: July 2021

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a platelet disorder. Pediatric and adult ITP have been associated with sialic acid alterations, but the pathophysiology of ITP remains elusive, and ITP is often a diagnosis of exclusion. Our analysis of pediatric ITP plasma samples showed increased anti–Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (TF antigen) antibody representation, suggesting increased exposure of the typically sialylated and cryptic TF antigen in these patients. The O-glycan sialyltransferase St3gal1 adds sialic acid specifically on the TF antigen. To understand if TF antigen exposure associates with thrombocytopenia, we generated a mouse model with targeted deletion of St3gal1 in megakaryocytes (MK) (St3gal1MK−/−). TF antigen exposure was restricted to MKs and resulted in thrombocytopenia. Deletion of Jak3 in St3gal1MK−/− mice normalized platelet counts implicating involvement of immune cells. Interferon-producing Siglec H–positive bone marrow (BM) immune cells engaged with O-glycan sialic acid moieties to regulate type I interferon secretion and platelet release (thrombopoiesis), as evidenced by partially normalized platelet count following inhibition of interferon and Siglec H receptors. Single-cell RNA-sequencing determined that TF antigen exposure by MKs primed St3gal1MK−/− BM immune cells to release type I interferon. Single-cell RNA-sequencing further revealed a new population of immune cells with a plasmacytoid dendritic cell–like signature and concomitant upregulation of the immunoglobulin rearrangement gene transcripts Igkc and Ighm, suggesting additional immune regulatory mechanisms. Thus, aberrant TF antigen moieties, often found in pathological conditions, regulate immune cells and thrombopoiesis in the BM, leading to reduced platelet count.
Mining a stroke knowledge graph from literature
Authors: Yang Xi , Wu Chengkun , Nenadic Goran , Wang Wei , Lu Kai
Published: July 2021

Background

Stroke has an acute onset and a high mortality rate, making it one of the most fatal diseases worldwide. Its underlying biology and treatments have been widely studied both in the “Western” biomedicine and the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). However, these two approaches are often studied and reported in insolation, both in the literature and associated databases.

Results

To aid research in finding effective prevention methods and treatments, we integrated knowledge from the literature and a number of databases (e.g. CID, TCMID, ETCM). We employed a suite of biomedical text mining (i.e. named-entity) approaches to identify mentions of genes, diseases, drugs, chemicals, symptoms, Chinese herbs and patent medicines, etc. in a large set of stroke papers from both biomedical and TCM domains. Then, using a combination of a rule-based approach with a pre-trained BioBERT model, we extracted and classified links and relationships among stroke-related entities as expressed in the literature. We construct StrokeKG, a knowledge graph includes almost 46 k nodes of nine types, and 157 k links of 30 types, connecting diseases, genes, symptoms, drugs, pathways, herbs, chemical, ingredients and patent medicine.

Conclusions

Our Stroke-KG can provide practical and reliable stroke-related knowledge to help with stroke-related research like exploring new directions for stroke research and ideas for drug repurposing and discovery. We make StrokeKG freely available athttp://114.115.208.144:7474/browser/(Please click "Connect" directly) and the source structured data for stroke athttps://github.com/yangxi1016/Stroke
Assessing the filtration efficiency and regulatory status of N95s and nontraditional filtering face-piece respirators available during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Plana Deborah , Tian Enze , Cramer Avilash K. , Yang Helen , Carmack Mary M. , Sinha Michael S. , Bourgeois Florence T. , Yu Sherry H. , Masse Peter , Boyer Jon , Kim Minjune , Mo Jinhan , LeBoeuf Nicole R. , Li Ju , Sorger Peter K.
Published: July 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has severely disrupted supply chains for many types of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), particularly surgical N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs; “masks”). As a consequence, an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) from the FDA has allowed use of industrial N95 respirators and importation of N95-type masks manufactured to international standards; these include KN95 masks from China and FFP2 masks from the European Union.

Methods

We conducted a survey of masks in the inventory of major academic medical centers in Boston, MA to determine provenance and manufacturer or supplier. We then assembled a testing apparatus at a university laboratory and performed a modified test of filtration performance using KCl and ambient particulate matter on masks from hospital inventories; an accompanying website shows how to build and use the testing apparatus.

Results

Over 100 different makes and models of traditional and nontraditional filtering facepiece respirators (N95-type masks) were in the inventory of surveyed U.S. teaching hospitals as opposed to 2–5 models under normal circumstances. A substantial number of unfamiliar masks are from unknown manufacturers. Many are not correctly labelled and do not perform to accepted standards and a subset are obviously dangerous; many of these masks are likely to be counterfeit. Due to the absence of publicly available information on mask suppliers and inconsistent labeling of KN95 masks, it is difficult to distinguish between legitimate and counterfeit products.

Conclusions

Many FFRs available for procurement during the COVID-19 pandemic do not provide levels of fit and filtration similar to those of N95 masks and are not acceptable for use in healthcare settings. Based on these results, and in consultation with occupational health officers, we make six recommendations to assist end users in acquiring legitimate products. Institutions should always assess masks from non-traditional supply chains by checking their markings and manufacturer information against data provided by NIOSH and the latest FDA EUA Appendix A. In the absence of verifiable information on the legitimacy of mask source, institutions should consider measuring mask fit and filtration directly. We also make suggestions for regulatory agencies regarding labeling and public disclosure aimed at increasing pandemic resilience.
Effects of a DVD-delivered randomized controlled physical activity intervention on functional health in cancer survivors
Authors: Salerno Elizabeth A. , Gothe Neha P. , Fanning Jason , Peterson Lindsay L. , Colditz Graham A. , McAuley Edward
Published: July 2021

Background

Supervised physical activity interventions improve functional health during cancer survivorship, but remain costly and inaccessible for many. We previously reported on the benefits of a DVD-delivered physical activity program (FlexToBa™) in older adults. This is a secondary analysis of the intervention effects among cancer survivors in the original sample.

Methods

Low active, older adults who self-reported a history of cancer (N = 46; M time since diagnosis = 10.7 ± 9.4 years) participated in a 6-month, home-based physical activity intervention. Participants were randomized to either the DVD-delivered physical activity program focused on flexibility, toning, and balance (FlexToBa™; n = 22) or an attentional control condition (n = 24). Physical function was assessed by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) at baseline, end of intervention, and at 12 and 24 months after baseline.

Results

Repeated measures linear mixed models indicated a significant group*time interaction for the SPPB total score (β = − 1.14, p = 0.048), driven by improved function from baseline to six months in the FlexToBa™ group. The intervention group also had improved balance (β = − 0.56, p = 0.041) compared with controls. Similar trends emerged for the SPPB total score during follow-up; the group*time interaction from 0 to 12 months approached significance (β = − 0.97, p = 0.089) and was significant from 0 to 24 months (β = − 1.84, p = 0.012). No significant interactions emerged for other outcomes (ps > 0.11).

Conclusions

A DVD-delivered physical activity intervention designed for cancer-free older adults was capable of eliciting and maintaining clinically meaningful functional improvements in a subgroup of cancer survivors, with similar effects to the original full sample. These findings inform the dissemination of evidence-based physical activity programs during survivorship.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.govNCT01030419. Registered 11 December 2009
Diagnostic difficulties and possibilities of NF1-like syndromes in childhood
Authors: Pinti Eva , Nemeth Krisztina , Staub Krisztina , Lengyel Anna , Fekete Gyorgy , Haltrich Iren
Published: July 2021

Background

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), which is caused by heterozygous inactivating pathogenic variants in the NF1, has poor phenotypic expressivity in the early years of life and there are numerous conditions, including many other tumor predisposition syndromes, that can mimic its appearance. These are collectively termed NF1-like syndromes and are also connected by their genetic background. Therefore, the NF1’s clinical diagnostic efficiency in childhood could be difficult and commonly should be completed with genetic testing.

Methods

To estimate the number of syndromes/conditions that could mimic NF1, we compiled them through an extensive search of the scientific literature. To test the utility of NF1’s National Institutes of Health (NIH) clinical diagnostic criteria, which have been in use for a long time, we analyzed the data of a 40-member pediatric cohort with symptoms of the NF1-like syndromes’ overlapping phenotype and performed NF1 genetic test, and established the average age when diagnostic suspicion arises. To facilitate timely identification, we compiled strongly suggestive phenotypic features and anamnestic data.

Results

In our cohort the utility of NF1’s clinical diagnostic criteria were very limited (sensitivity: 80%, specificity: 30%). Only 53% of children with clinically diagnosed NF1 had a detectable NF1 pathogenic variation, whereas 40% of patients without fulfilled clinical criteria tested positive. The average age at first genetic counseling was 9 years, and 40% of children were referred after at least one tumor had already been diagnosed. These results highlight the need to improve NF1-like syndromes’ diagnostic efficiency in childhood. We collected the most extensive spectrum of NF1-like syndromes to help the physicians in differential diagnosis. We recommend the detailed, non-invasive clinical evaluation of patients before referring them to a clinical geneticist.

Conclusions

Early diagnosis of NF1-like syndromes can help to prevent severe complications by appropriate monitoring and management. We propose a potential screening, diagnostic and management strategy based on our findings and recent scientific knowledge.
Insecticide-treated net ownership, utilization and knowledge of malaria in children residing in Batoke–Limbe, Mount Cameroon area: effect on malariometric and haematological indices
Authors: Teh Rene Ning , Sumbele Irene Ule Ngole , Meduke Derick Ndelle , Nkeudem Gillian Asoba , Ojong Samuel Takang , Teh Exodus Akwa , Kimbi Helen Kuokuo
Published: July 2021

Background

Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are the most widely used interventions for malaria control in Africa. The aim of this study was to assess the ownership and utilization of ITNs and the knowledge of malaria and their effects on malariometric and haematological indices in children living in the Mount Cameroon area.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study involving a total of 405 children aged between 6 months and 14 years living in Batoke–Limbe was carried out between July and October 2017. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to document demographic status, knowledge on malaria and ITN ownership and usage. Venous blood sample was collected from each child to determine the prevalence and intensity of parasitaemia by Giemsa-stained microscopy and full blood count by auto haematology analysis to obtain white blood cell (WBC) and red blood cell (RBC) counts, haemoglobin (Hb) level, haematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). A multilinear regression model was used to determine the relationship between haematological parameter as dependent variable and the independent variables.

Results

The overall prevalence of parasitaemia, anaemia, knowledge about malaria, ITN ownership, usage and effective usage was 46.7%, 54.7%, 40.7%, 78.8%, 50.9% and 29.9%, respectively. The prevalence of parasitaemia was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in children who ineffectively utilized ITNs (54.9%) than effective users (27.3%). Having knowledge of malaria, negatively correlated with WBC counts (P = 0.005), but positively correlated with Hb levels (P < 0.001), RBC counts (P < 0.001), Hct (P < 0.001), MCV (P < 0.001) and MCH (P < 0.001). ITN use positively correlated with WBC counts (P = 0.005) but negatively with Hb levels (P = 0.004), RBC counts (P = 0.006), and MCH (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, parasitaemia negatively correlated with Hb levels (P = 0.004), RBC counts (P = 0.01), Hct (P = 0.04) and MCHC (P = 0.015).

Conclusion

There is need for more sensitization on the benefits of using the ITNs to meet up with the intended and expected impact of the free distribution of ITNs.
The complexities of insulin allergy: a case and approach
Authors: Aberumand Babak , Jeimy Samira
Published: July 2021

Background

Insulin hypersensitivity is rare, but challenging for individuals with diabetes. The prevalence of insulin allergy has decreased since the introduction of human recombinant insulin preparations. Hypersensitivity reactions range from injection site erythema and swelling, to anaphylaxis. While some reactions are to excipients (zinc, protamine, metacresol), many are to recombinant insulin itself. We present a case of type 1 hypersensitivity to various preparations of insulin in a patient with insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Case presentation

A 61-year-old woman with a 30-year history of insulin-dependent T2DM was referred for evaluation of reactions to insulin. She had two episodes over 5-months; both required Emergency Department visits and epinephrine administration. The first episode entailed a burning sensation of the extremities and nausea, immediately after injecting NovoRapid® insulin. The second event entailed a similar reaction but this time there was also angioedema of the upper airway with difficulty breathing and hypotension, immediately after injecting Levemir® and NovoRapid®, and taking metformin. There were no cofactors such as exercise, infectious illness, or NSAIDs use. Skin testing was performed with metformin, Lantus®, Humalog®, NovoRapid®, glulisine, insulin regular, NPH, Levemir® and the excipient protamine, as per published testing concentrations. Metacresol was not tested as its use was restricted by the hospital pharmacy. Insulin preparations with and without metacresol were included in testing however. A clinic staff served as a negative control. The patent had negative testing with protamine, but sensitization to all insulin preparations. Metformin skin testing and challenge along with latex IgE were negative. Subsequently, she underwent intentional weight loss of 70 lb, and was started on oral hypoglycemics with good effect.

Conclusions

Our case highlights the importance of diagnosing insulin allergy through a detailed history and focused testing. Therapeutic strategies include avoidance and insulin alternatives, alternate insulin preparations, or desensitization. In severe recurrent hypersensitivity reactions, Omalizumab or pancreatic transplantation have been effective.
Neurofibromatosis type 1 with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to multiple and de novo aneurysms: a case report
Authors: Uchida Tatsuya , Amagasaki Kenichi , Hosono Atsushi , Nakaguchi Hiroshi
Published: July 2021

Background

Neurofibromatosis type 1 causes various lesions in many organs including the skin, and the incidence of complications with intracranial aneurysms is 9–11%. Here we report a case of neurofibromatosis type 1 with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to multiple andde novoaneurysms.

Case presentation

The patient was a 49-year-old Japanese woman with a history of neurofibromatosis type 1. She was transported to our hospital owing to disturbance of consciousness and was diagnosed with subarachnoid hemorrhage by computed tomography. Computed tomography angiography revealed multiple, small intracranial aneurysms, and we suspected that one of them in the peripheral branch of the left middle cerebral artery was the source of hemorrhage based on the distribution of hematoma. The patient underwent emergency surgery. Because it was difficult to identify an aneurysm in the most peripheral part of the left middle cerebral artery in the initial surgery, only one aneurysm was clipped. Later, a peripheral aneurysm was clipped using the navigation system. Because both aneurysms were small intracranial aneurysms (< 2 mm), either of them could be the source of hemorrhage. The postoperative course was good, and the patient was discharged in healthy condition. Because brain magnetic resonance imaging performed in the previous year did not find aneurysms at the same site, she was diagnosed with rupture of ade novoaneurysm. Neurofibromatosis type 1 might have caused the rupture of multiple intracranial aneurysms in a short period in this patient.

Conclusion

Neurofibromatosis type 1 may be complicated by the formation of multiple intracranial aneurysms in a short period.
Ensemble completeness in conformer sampling: the case of small macrocycles
Authors: Seep Lea , Bonin Anne , Meier Katharina , Diedam Holger , Göller Andreas H.
Published: July 2021

In this study we compare the three algorithms for the generation of conformer ensembles Biovia BEST, Schrödinger Prime macrocycle sampling (PMM) and Conformator (CONF) form the University of Hamburg, with ensembles derived for exhaustive molecular dynamics simulations applied to a dataset of 7 small macrocycles in two charge states and three solvents. Ensemble completeness is a prerequisite to allow for the selection of relevant diverse conformers for many applications in computational chemistry. We apply conformation maps using principal component analysis based on ring torsions. Our major finding critical for all applications of conformer ensembles in any computational study is that maps derived from MD with explicit solvent are significantly distinct between macrocycles, charge states and solvents, whereas the maps for post-optimized conformers using implicit solvent models from all generator algorithms are very similar independent of the solvent. We apply three metrics for the quantification of the relative covered ensemble space, namely cluster overlap, variance statistics, and a novel metric, Mahalanobis distance, showing that post-optimized MD ensembles cover a significantly larger conformational space than the generator ensembles, with the ranking PMM > BEST >> CONF. Furthermore, we find that the distributions of 3D polar surface areas are very similar for all macrocycles independent of charge state and solvent, except for the smaller and more strained compound 7, and that there is also no obvious correlation between 3D PSA and intramolecular hydrogen bond count distributions.
Imaging of a serpentinite complex in the Kamuikotan Zone, northern Japan, from magnetotelluric soundings
Authors: Ichihara Hiroshi , Mogi Toru , Uchida Toshihiro , Satoh Hideyuki , Yamaya Yusuke , Fujii Masakazu , Yamazaki Shusaku , Okazaki Kenji , Tada Noriko
Published: July 2021

We conducted magnetotelluric measurements to investigate a large serpentinite complex in the northern Kamuikotan Zone that intruded a Cretaceous–Paleocene forearc sedimentary sequence. The resistivity model we derived by three-dimensional inversion clearly shows a low-resistivity zone beneath the outcrop of the serpentinite complex. We interpret the low-resistivity zone to represent aqueous pore fluid within a serpentinite mélange derived from the subducting Pacific plate or mantle wedge. Previous geological studies in the area have shown that the serpentinite mélange had uplifted during the early Pleistocene. They indicate that the ultramafic rocks and aqueous fluids have continued to rise in the area. The uplifting serpentinite body might have formed a zone enriched in pore fluid that promoted the occurrence of a previously identified intra-plate slow slip event. These results demonstrate the important role of fluid transport during tectonic processes related to uplift in subduction zones.
The diagnostic accuracy of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and shear wave elastography in comparison to dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI for diagnosing BIRADS 3 and 4 lesions
Authors: Abdel Rahman Rasha Wessam , Refaie Reham Mohammed Abd ElHai , Kamal Rasha Mohammed , Lasheen Shaimaa Farouk , Elmesidy Dalia Salaheldin
Published: July 2021

Background

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of female morbidity and mortality. Management options vary between lesions of BIRADS categories 3 and 4. Therefore, reliable differentiation would improve outcome. Although sonomammography and contrast-enhanced breast magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) remain the cornerstone for assessment of breast disease, additional, non-invasive techniques can be used to increase the efficiency of evaluation such as shear wave elastography (SWE) and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI). This prospective study included 66 breast lesions that were categorized as BIRADS 3 or 4 by ultrasound ± mammography. All lesions were evaluated by SWE, CE-MRI and DW-MRI. For SWE, lesions were evaluated by both qualitative and quantitative methods. For CE-MRI, both morphological and kinematic evaluations were done and for DW-MRI, both qualitative and quantitative assessments were studied. Results of all imaging modalities were correlated to histopathology.

Results

Thirty-seven out of the examined 66 lesions (56.06%) were categorised as BIRADS 3, out of which 1 (2.7%) turned out to be malignant on histopathology and 36 (97.29%) were proved benign. Twenty-nine (43.93%) were categorized as BIRADS 4, out of which 2 (6.89%) turned out to be benign on pathology and 27 (93.1%) were proved malignant. Morphological and kinematic evaluations of CE-MRI showed 92.59% and 92.86%sensitivity, 94.74% and 84.21% specificity, 92.59 and 81.25%PPV, 94.74 and 94.12% NPV, and 93.85% and 87.88% accuracy respectively. Color-coded scoring of SWE showed indices of 89.29%, 68.42%, 67.57%, 89.66%, and 77.27% respectively. The calculated cut-off value forEmax differentiating benign from malignant was 65.15 kpa, resulting in indices of 96.43%, 57.89%, 95.65%, 62.79%, and 74.24% respectively. ForEratio, the calculated cut-off value was 4.55, resulting in indices of 71.43%, 68.42%, 76.47%, 62.50% and 69.70% respectively. For qualitative evaluation of DW-MRI, indices were 78.57%, 65.79%, 62.86%, 80.65%, and 71.21% respectively. For ADC, the calculated cut-off value was 1.25 × 103 mm2/s, which resulted in indices of 75.00%, 84.21%, 82.05%, 77.78%, and 80.30% respectively.

Conclusion

CE-MRI showed the best diagnostic performance indices. While, SWE and DW-MRI present variable diagnostic performance, both techniques can be used as an adjunct to other imaging modalities to aid the clinical decision and increase its diagnostic confidence.
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency Due to Bilateral Adrenal Infarction in COVID-19
Authors: Machado Iza F R , Menezes Isabel Q , Figueiredo Sabrina R , Coelho Fernando M A , Terrabuio Debora R B , Ramos Davi V , Fagundes Gustavo F C , Maciel Ana Alice W , Claudia Latronico Ana , Fragoso Maria Candida B V , Cancado Eduardo L R , Mendonca Berenice B , Almeida Madson Q
Published: July 2021

Context

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a proinflammatory and prothrombotic condition, but its impact on adrenal function has not been adequately evaluated.

Case report

A 46-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain, hypotension, and skin hyperpigmentation after COVID-19 infection. The patient had hyponatremia, serum cortisol <1.0 µg/dL, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) of 807 pg/mL, and aldosterone <3 ng/dL. Computed tomography (CT) findings of adrenal enlargement with no parenchymal and minimal peripheral capsular enhancement after contrast were consistent with bilateral adrenal infarction. The patient had autoimmune hepatitis and positive antiphospholipid antibodies, but no previous thrombotic events. The patient was treated with intravenous hydrocortisone, followed by oral hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone.

Discussion

We identified 9 articles, including case reports, of new-onset adrenal insufficiency and/or adrenal hemorrhage/infarction on CT in COVID-19. Adrenal insufficiency was hormonally diagnosed in 5 cases, but ACTH levels were measured in only 3 cases (high in 1 case and normal/low in other 2 cases). Bilateral adrenal nonhemorrhagic or hemorrhagic infarction was identified in 5 reports (2 had adrenal insufficiency, 2 had normal cortisol levels, and 1 case had no data). Interestingly, the only case with well-characterized new-onset acute primary adrenal insufficiency after COVID-19 had a previous diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome. In our case, antiphospholipid syndrome diagnosis was established only after the adrenal infarction triggered by COVID-19.

Conclusion

Our findings support the association between bilateral adrenal infarction and antiphospholipid syndrome triggered by COVID-19. Therefore, patients with positive antiphospholipid antibodies should be closely monitored for symptoms or signs of acute adrenal insufficiency during COVID-19.
Treatment Switch in Poor Responders with Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Liu Zining , Wang Yinkui , Shan Fei , Ying Xiangji , Zhang Yan , Li Shuangxi , Jia Yongning , Miao Rulin , Xue Kan , Li Zhemin , Li Ziyu , Ji Jiafu
Published: July 2021

Background

Among locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) patients, poor response to initial neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is associated with unfavorable outcomes; however, changing the postoperative therapy regimen in this group of patients is unclear. We compared the poor responders who continued the original protocols with that of patients who switched treatment after NAC plus D2 gastrectomy.

Methods

Our study included LAGC patients who achieved tumor regression grade 3 according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer/College of American Pathologists system, after NAC, between December 2006 and December 2017 at our institution. Outcomes were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and adverse events during postoperative treatment. The propensity score matching method was used to match patients.

Results

Overall, 160 patients were enrolled in the final analysis set, including 21 switched cases and 139 non-switched cases. A 1:2 matched cohort (21 switching vs. 42 non-switching) was generated to eliminate all confounding factors. No statistical differences were observed in OS and PFS, either in the whole patients (OS: log-rank p = 0.804; PFS: log-rank p = 0.943) or in the matched cohort (OS: log-rank p = 0.907; PFS: log-rank p = 0.670) between the two groups. Patients with changed regimens had a significantly higher rate of peripheral neurotoxicity (p = 0.045). Contrarily, a lower rate of overall adverse events was observed in the non-switching group with marginal significance (p = 0.069).

Conclusion

Adjusting to a non-cross-resistant regimen only by post-NAC pathological evaluation may not be sufficient for designing an effective treatment route for LAGC poor responders. Treatment change required a more scrutinized clinical track, which involved a multifaceted assessment.
Effects of the COVID-19 Recession on the US Labor Market: Occupation, Family, and Gender
Authors: Albanesi Stefania , Kim Jiyeon
Published: July 2021

The economic crisis associated with the emergence of the novel corona virus is unlike standard recessions. Demand for workers in high contact and inflexible service occupations has declined while parental supply of labor has been reduced by lack of access to reliable child care and in-person schooling options. This has led to a substantial and persistent drop in employment and labor force participation for women, who are typically less affected by recessions than men. We examine real-time data on employment, unemployment, labor force participation and gross job flows to document the impact of the pandemic by occupation, gender and family status. We also discuss the potential long-term implications of this crisis, including the role of automation in depressing the recovery of employment for the worst hit service occupations.
Tracking the Pandemic in Real Time: Administrative Micro Data in Business Cycles Enters the Spotlight
Authors: Vavra Joseph
Published: July 2021

In this paper I discuss the increasingly prominent role of administrative micro data in macroeconomics research. This type of data proved important for interpreting the causes and consequences of the Great Recession, and it has played a crucial role in shaping economists’ understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic in near real-time. I discuss a number of specific insights from this research while also illustrating some of the broader opportunities and challenges of working with administrative data.
A Longitudinal Analysis of Functional Disability, Recovery, and Nursing Home Utilization After Hospitalization for Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions Among Community‐Living Older Persons
Authors: Gettel Cameron J , Venkatesh Arjun K , Leo‐Summers Linda S , Murphy Terrence E , Gahbauer Evelyne A , Hwang Ula , Gill Thomas M
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE

Hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs) are considered potentially preventable. With little known about the functional outcomes of older persons after ACSC‐related hospitalizations, our objectives were to describe: (1) the 6‐month course of postdischarge functional disability, (2) the cumulative monthly probability of functional recovery, and (3) the cumulative monthly probability of incident nursing home (NH) admission.

METHODS

The analytic sample included 251 ACSC‐related hospitalizations from a cohort of 754 nondisabled, community‐living persons aged 70 years and older who were interviewed monthly for up to 19 years. Patient‐reported disability scores in basic, instrumental, and mobility activities ranged from 0 to 13. Functional recovery was defined as returning within 6 months of discharge to a total disability score less than or equal to that immediately preceding hospitalization.

RESULTS

The mean age was 85.1 years, and the mean disability score was 5.4 in the month prior to the ACSC‐related hospitalization. After the ACSC‐related hospitalization, total disability scores peaked at month 1 and improved modestly over the next 5 months, but remained greater than the pre‐hospitalization score. Functional recovery was achieved by 70% of patients, and incident NH admission was experienced by 50% within 6 months after the 251 ACSC‐related hospitalizations.

CONCLUSIONS

During the 6 months after an ACSC‐related hospitalization, older persons exhibited total disability scores that were higher than those immediately preceding hospitalization, with 3 of 10 not achieving functional recovery and half experiencing incident NH admission. These findings provide evidence that older persons experience clinically meaningful adverse patient‐reported outcomes after ACSC‐related hospitalizations.
Postpamięć schyłkowego okresu socjalizmu w Polsce a kompetencja tłumaczeniowa studentów filologii rosyjskiej
Authors: Chudyk Dorota , Żarska Anna
Published: July 2021

Post-memory and Translation Competence of Russian Philology Students (Based on the Decline of Socialist Period in Poland)

Translation competence is not only a good command of the languages but also the knowledge about the reality, culture, and history of both communities of communication. The observations conducted during the process of developing translation competence on philological studies allow us to make a hypothesis. The knowledge about the reality, affairs, and trauma associated with the decline of the socialist period and political transformation in Poland should be stored in the young generation’s memory not only thanks to history teaching at school, but also their parents’ and grandparents’ memories. However, the knowledge is not sufficient for adequate translation from Polish to Russian. The article presents the results of questionnaire surveys conducted among primary schools pupils in the Rzeszów region and Russian Philology students at the University of Rzeszów. The young generation’s memory of the decline of Polish People’s Republic and the texts translated by students of the translation speciality are discussed.
An Inclusive Model of Memory Work in Poland: Bridge to Poland as a Case Study
Authors: Ambrosewicz-Jacobs Jolanta , Tec Leora
Published: July 2021

The memory of World War II in Poland is sometimes plagued by an us/them mentality or a competition of suffering. This paper will attempt to answer several questions: how are non-Jews contributing to Holocaust memorialization in Poland today? How can recognizing this contribution serve to heal rifts and change deep-seated stereotypes? We will present a case study, based on participant observation, of Bridge To Poland, which emphasizes memory work conducted by non-Jewish Poles. Bridge To Poland’s latest project in conjunction with the Grodzka Gate-NN Theatre Centre, The Neshoma Project: Conversations with Poles Rescuing Jewish Memory, highlights those whom Tec calls “Rescuers of Memory”. Exposing people to their work, Tec believes, results in breaking down negative stereotypes about non-Jewish Poles and building bridges between people.
Econometrics and the Growth of Firms: Perspectives from Evolutionary Economics
Authors: Coad Alex
Published: July 2021

This article discusses recent results and future research possibilities in the areas of econometrics and firm growth, drawing on Dosi and Marengo’s “10 building blocks” of evolutionary theory. These 10 building blocks are: dynamics first!, microfoundations, realism is a virtue, bounded rationality, persistent heterogeneity, novelty in the system, selection mechanisms, emergent properties at the aggregate level, emergence of organizational forms and institutions, and coevolution across levels of analysis and timescales. As it happens, many of our comments relate to the theme of “realism is a virtue.” We also suggest, in some cases, which econometric techniques might be more appropriate for research into firm growth and performance, given these 10 building blocks.
A máscara e o que pode ser dito: mecanismos de silenciamento ontem e hoje e as fake news
Authors: Queiroz Veronica Santana
Published: July 2021

As fake news têm sido usadas como estratégia política para a disseminação de informações falsas fazendo uso das mídias sociais com a finalidade de manipular opiniões em detrimento do silenciamento de fatos e de vozes historicamente mortificadas. Esse fenômeno tem como correlato as máscaras coloniais que serviam para impor o silenciamento nos sujeitos negros escravizados, em especial, nas mulheres. A hipótese central do artigo é que o mecanismo de silenciamento que ora foram as máscaras coloniais foi atualizado na forma das fake news persistindo os rastros da colonialidade. Trazer à superfície versões da história que foram ocultadas é uma aposta para provocar fissuras nas máscaras.
As três faces da latinidade: significante, repetição e recalque
Authors: Barbosa Keylla
Published: July 2021

Historicamente, a palavra “latino” marca de maneira diferente três povos distintos: os romanos, os europeus e os americanos. Tomando como ponto de partida essa recorrente nomeação, este artigo visa discutir, a partir do ponto de vista do significante “latino” seus significados e seus efeitos em cada um desses três cortes temporais. Afim de nos aprofundarmos nisso que insiste na repetição não necessária, mas contingente, deste significante, usaremos do método psicanalítico com o objetivo de articular insistência, repetição e recalque. Deste modo, poderemos abarcar isso que, da insistência do significante latino, no plano da nomeação, por mais de 2.500 anos de história, não pode ser dito e por isso, pela via da repetição, não cessa de se inscrever.
Um mundo sem devastação é possivel: repensar a floresta como conceito, metáfora e espaço compartilhado
Authors: Provenzano Luca , Fragozo Fernando , De Oliveira Mendonça André Luis
Published: July 2021

Para muitos povos tradicionais, a floresta não é apenas a materialidade formada pelo conjunto de árvores que a compõem: ela inclui também a essência viva dos seres que a habitam. Cada um desses seres (humanos, animais, plantas e, eventualmente, outros) possui sua própria perspectiva sobre a floresta e, por consequência, seu próprio espaço existencial. A  proposta deste ensaio é a elaboração de um conceito de floresta segundo o qual a floresta não é apenas um objeto material, mas refere-se ao fora do próprio mundo, com o qual uma outra dinâmica que não a da predação possa ser estabelecida. Com esse objetivo em vista, em primeiro lugar, investiga-se o conceito de inimigo proposto por Eduardo Viveiros de Castro como contrapartida ao conceito de sujeito ocidental. Em seguida, analisa-se o conceito de limite, proposto por Alexandre Nodari, como contraposição ao conceito de espaço ocidental. Ao tensionar-se os conceitos de inimigo e limite, propõe-se o termo floresta para referir-se a outro modo de relação possível com a sociodiversidade de mundos humanos e a biodiversidade. Por fim, são apresentados os traços gerais da experiência de floresta, na floresta dos yanomani, a partir dos trabalhos de Bruce Albert, François-Michel Le Tourneau e Julia Verdum. Nas considerações finais discute-sea floresta como uma disposição espacial e modo de convívio capaz de “adiar o fim do mundo”.
Territorialidades e Contexto Urbano nos Estudos sobre a Relação Pessoa-Ambiente: Revisão Integrativa de Literatura
Authors: Sousa Adria De Lima , Zeni Luis Augusto , Schneider Daniela Ribeiro
Published: July 2021

Grande parte da população mundial vive atualmente nas cidades, sendo a territorialidade um modo de compreensão contemporâneo da constituição desses espaços de vida. Esse estudo teve como objetivo compreender de que modo o conceito de territorialidade tem se relacionado com os estudos sobre a relação pessoa-ambiente no contexto urbano. A pesquisa propõe uma revisão integrativa utilizando bases nacionais como Scielo e Pepsic, e internacionais, como Web of Science, Sage Journal e Science Direct. As buscas resultaram em 219 artigos e, após seleção conforme os critérios de elegibilidade, obtiveram-se 21 artigos completos para análise. Os resultados indicaram um aumento da produção nos últimos anos, com temas relacionados a aspectos psicossociais, planejamento urbano, criminalidade e segurança, aspectos culturais e religiosos, saúde, educação. Destacou-se o entendimento da territorialidade atrelado aos contextos urbanos a partir de aspectos físicos e simbólicos do uso, ocupação e transformação dos espaços. A territorialidade, tomada como um conceito interdisciplinar, permite dialogar com a psicologia ambiental e com a psicologia existencialista, sustentando a importância dos territórios na dimensão social da existência.