bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First-Trimester Prediction of Preterm Prelabour Rupture of Membranes
Authors: El-Achi Vanessa , de Vries Bradley , O’Brien Cecelia , Park Felicity , Tooher Jane , Hyett Jon
Published: April 2020

Background: Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPRoM) is commonly associated with preterm delivery and affects up to 3% of all pregnancies. It is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality for the mother and the newborn. Objectives: To identify risk factors for PPRoM and develop a model for first-trimester prediction of risk of PPRoM. Methods: A retrospective analysis of a series of women who had first-trimester (11–13+6 weeks) screening for aneuploidy and pre-eclampsia and delivered in the same institution was performed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify maternal and pregnancy factors and then develop a clinical prediction model for PPRoM. Results: 10,280 women were screened between April 2010 and October 2016. 144 (1.4%) had PPRoM. Maternal factors predictive of PPRoM included nulliparity (parous women, OR 0.53; 95% CI 0.4–0.8), pre-existing diabetes mellitus (DM) (Type 1 DM, OR 6.7; 95% CI 2.3–19.4, Type 2 DM, OR 5.3; 95% CI 1.6–18.3), maternal age group (p = 0.004), and BMI category (p = 0.012). Uterine artery pulsatility index (UAPI) and biochemical parameters (PAPP-A, free βHCG) did not reach statistical significance. The predictive model had moderate efficacy with an area under the ROC curve of 0.67. Conclusions: Several maternal characteristics collected during first-trimester screening predict PPRoM. Biomarkers currently measured during first-trimester screening (PAPP-A, βHCG, and UAPI) do not predict PPRoM. Whilst a predictive model can be generated with information currently collected at 11–13+6 weeks, this has only modest screening performance. First-trimester screening provides a structured framework where other predictors could improve model performance, and future studies should focus on the addition of other risk factors and biomarkers that may improve screening efficacy.
Aerobic capacity of wistar rats: the effects of training and physical detraining at middle-aged
Authors: Ghezzi Ana Carolina , Cambri Lucieli Teresa , Araújo Gustavo Gomes de , Botezelli José Diego , Ribeiro Carla , Mello Maria Alice Rostom de
Published: April 2020

It has been shown that engaging in regular physical exercise yields short- and long-term health benefits, primarily by mitigating the risk for cardiovascular disease, but little information is known about physical deconditioning at aging process. The aim of the present study was to analyze the aerobic capacity, through maximal lactate steady state (MLSS), in Wistar rats of different ages (2,4, 6 e 12 months ) and physical conditioning deconditioning responses in middle-aged rats. The results were significant for weight gain in the sedentary (588 ± 71 g) and detraining animals (576 ± 62 g) at 12 months, whereas the conditioned group maintained their original body weights – BW (515 ± 72 g), similar at four (455 ±17 g) and six months of age (471 ± 37 g). MLSS decreased with age (2 months sedentary (8.4 ± 1% Body Weight, 4 months sedentary (6.4 ± 0.6% BW), 6 months sedentary (5.8 ± 1% BW), 12 months sedentary (5.1 ± 0.7% BW), but physical exercise was effective in attenuating the age-related loss of aerobic capacity after 12 months (5.8 ± 1.3% BW). The physical detraining was (5.3 ± 0.4% BW) was similar at 12 months trained. The physical training in long term protected against the increased of the body weight and fat depots caused by aging, but, this effect was found by deconditioning physical. Additionally, the physical training attenuated the aerobic capacity loss due to aging process and this effect was maintained after detraining physical.
Stabat Mater
Authors: Ramos Luiz Fernando
Published: April 2020

Leitura crítica do espetáculo Stabat Mater, de Janaína Leite, feita para além das muitas camadas de significado que a referência medieval e cristã do título enseja e evitando a descrição objetiva das referências contemporâneas a que a encenação alude. O procedimento crítico permitiu- se registrar uma contextualização impressionista da efetividade fática do espetáculo frente ao que se deduziu como sua ambição estética.
Trabalho artístico como prática de tradução no mercado de arte global
Authors: Banov Luiza , Klein Gabriele
Published: April 2020

Identidade, diferença e tradução são conceitos teóricos importantes no campo dos estudos da tradução e dos estudos pós-coloniais. Um pressuposto básico desta palestra é a exposição da tradução estética e cultural ao paradoxo de identidade e diferença, e como esse paradoxo é particularmente evidente em práticas artísticas performáticas como a dança e a coreografia. Focando o trabalho artístico da coreógrafa e dançarina Germaine Acogny (Senegal), a palestra abordará práticas de tradução artísticas em condições pós-coloniais no mercado de arte global da chamada “dança contemporânea”. O objetivo é ilustrar como os processos de tradução cultural e estética são contraditórios, híbridos e fragmentados; como o mercado de arte global configura as estratégias artísticas de tradução; e como a produtividade estética reside na impossibilidade de traduzir a experiência cultural artisticamente.
Estratégias de aprendizagem e preparação da performance musical
Authors: Bock Vana , Brietzke Marta Macedo , Suetholz Robert John , Oliveira Mário André Wanderley , Presgrave Fabio Soren
Published: April 2020

Neste texto, apresentamos ideias sobre performances musicais baseadas em processos de estudo calcados em proposições criativas, configurando-se como a confluência de resultados parciais de duas pesquisas em andamento, a nível de mestrado e doutorado, do Programa de Pós-Graduação da Unversidade de São Paulo. Também toma como base resultados e reflexões de uma pesquisa de mestrado já concluída na mesma universidade. As pesquisas se situam dentro de propostas ligadas ao violoncelo, instrumento com o qual as autoras se relacionam. O objetivo deste texto é apresentar elementos da revisão bibliográfica, que serve de fundamentação para as pesquisadoras, além de considerações advindas de atividades empíricas relacionadas à aprendizagem musical ao violoncelo. A metodologia dos trabalhos buscou fundamentos na abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa, com base em Denzin (2000), Flick (2009) e Velardi (2018). Como procedimento de construção dos dados, foram utilizadas a revisão bibliográfica de obras pedagógicas da literatura do violoncelo, a observação participante, questionários e entrevistas, bem como a reflexão das autoras dentro das experiências de pesquisa. Como resultados parciais dos trabalhos é possível apontar algumas ideias: a criatividade passa a ser considerada como um processo contínuo e não linear; o processo criativo pode ser aprendido e refinado; a performance envolve a tomada de decisões; episódios envolvendo práticas criativas podem ocorrer sem o uso do instrumento. Como principais contribuições para as áreas envolvidas pela pesquisa se destacam a inserção dos trabalhos dentro dos contextos atuais do que se considera performance musical, abrangendo áreas que vão da educação musical às práticas interpretativas; a contribuição da revisão de literatura específica da área de violoncelo relacionada à criatividade; a relação dos processos criativos utilizados no contexto das estratégias de estudo do violoncelo; e a contribuição para processos educacionais ao violoncelo, baseados em elementos ligados à criatividade, através da compreensão da música como elemento lúdico.
Long-term stability of clinically relevant chemistry analytes in pleural and peritoneal fluid
Authors: Milevoj Kopcinovic Lara , Brcic Marija , Culej Jelena , Miler Marijana , Nikolac Gabaj Nora , Bozovic Marija , Unic Adriana , Vrtaric Alen
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Our aim was to investigate the stability of clinically relevant analytes in pleural and peritoneal fluids stored in variable time periods and variable storage temperatures prior to analysis. Materials and methods: Baseline total proteins (TP), albumin (ALB), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TRIG), creatinine (CREA), urea, glucose and amylase (AMY) were measured using standard methods in residual samples from 29 pleural and 12 peritoneal fluids referred to our laboratory. Aliquots were stored for 6 hours at room temperature (RT); 3, 7, 14 and 30 days at - 20°C. At the end of each storage period, all analytes were re-measured. Deviations were calculated and compared to stability limits (SL). Results: Pleural fluid TP and CHOL did not differ in the observed storage periods (P = 0.265 and P = 0.170, respectively). Statistically significant differences were found for ALB, LD, TRIG, CREA, urea, glucose and AMY. Peritoneal fluid TP, ALB, TRIG, urea and AMY were not statistically different after storage, contrary to LD, CHOL, CREA and glucose. Deviations for TP, ALB, CHOL, TRIG, CREA, urea and AMY in all storage periods tested for both serous fluids were within the SL. Deviations exceeding SL were observed for LD and glucose when stored for 3 and 7 days at - 20°C, respectively. Conclusions: TP, ALB, CHOL, TRIG, CREA, urea and AMY are stable in serous samples stored up to 6 hours at RT and/or 30 days at - 20°C. Glucose is stable up to 6 hours at RT and 3 days at - 20°C. The stability of LD in is limited to 6 hours at RT.
Dark brown serum and plasma samples
Authors: Dukic Lora , Maric Nikolina , Simundic Ana-Maria
Published: April 2020

This case report describes occurrence of unusual, dark brown coloration of citrate plasma and serum samples in a female 68 years old patient admitted
into Emergency department (ED).
Patient complained of nausea and vomiting, fever up to 38.9°C, colicky pain in abdomen, diminished urinary output and yellowish skin tone. Her
medical history included arterial hypertension, hypothyroidism and facial squamous cell carcinoma. For previous two years, she was treated with
tuberculostatic therapy for Mycobacterium avium positive interstitial lung disease. Regular follow-up showed no signs of active disease. Upon admission
to ED, complete blood count (CBC) analysis showed low red blood count (RBC) (3.76 x1012/L (reference interval (RI) 3.86 – 5.08 x1012/L)), low
haemoglobin (Hb) concentration (111 g/L (RI 119 - 157 g/L)) and low haematocrit (Hct) (0.310 L/L (RI 0.360 – 0.470 L/L)). Biochemistry analytes were
high, with foremost lactate dehydrogenase (LD) activity (2900 U/L, RI < 240 U/L). After communication with the clinician, methaemoglobin measured
in arterial blood gas sample was reported. Patient was admitted to the Intensive care unit and upon reflex testing of haptoglobin, intravascular
haemolysis was confirmed. This case indicates that every case of brown coloration of the serum must be promptly communicated to the clinician.
Reflex testing assured timely diagnosis and favourable patient outcome.
Underwater Cultural Heritage in Africa and Questions of Immunity, State Ownership and Succession: What Role for Equity?
Authors: Risvas Michail
Published: April 2020

Underwater cultural heritage (UCH) is an emerging topic of the law of the sea and international law. Nonetheless, little attention has been paid to UCH situated off the coasts of Africa, despite its archaeological, historical and cultural value. At the same time, there is a growing trend of restitution of cultural heritage removed from African States by their former (Western) colonial powers. Against this background the article argues that the principle of equity regarding State ownership, succession in relation to, and immunity of, African UCH constitutes the mechanism which can lead to a more balanced distribution of UCH between Western and African States.
The Conditions That Promote or Discourage Physical Punishment as Described by Taiwanese and Taiwanese American Mothers
Authors: Lin Joyce
Published: April 2020

Physical punishment and the conditions that promote and discourage its use were explored in a sample of Taiwan-born mothers living in Taiwan ( n = 19) and the United States ( n = 15), and U.S.-born Taiwanese American mothers ( n = 15). Grounded theory was used to extract themes from focus group transcriptions. Mothers from all groups indicated that they preferred a variety of nonphysical methods to correct their children’s misbehaviors. U.S.-born mothers were less likely to report use of violent/forceful physical punishment than the other two groups. Some conditions were associated with mothers’ use of physical punishment, such as holding traditional gender beliefs, believing in filial piety and familism, having experienced physical punishment, receiving support from others for physical punishment, experiencing physical punishment as being effective for one’s child, and having a male child. However, other conditions were associated with the rejection of physical punishment, including believing in saving face or the stereotype that physical punishment is illegal in the United States, having personally experienced physical punishment as negative, having experienced nonphysical discipline/punishment, experiencing physical punishment of one’s child as ineffective, and experiencing regret from physical punishment use. Conditions related to physical punishment use and rejection ranged from distal to proximal, and these independently and interactively influenced choices to use physical punishment or not. Findings emphasize the complexity of caregivers’ decisions to use or reject physical punishment, underscoring both maternal experiences and cultural contributions, and highlighting areas that researchers and interventionists may further explore to reduce the use of physical punishment.
Use of Capture–Recapture Analysis to Assess Reporting Completeness of Births to Hepatitis B–Positive Women in New York City, 2013-2014
Authors: Devinney Katelynn , Lazaroff Julie , Rosen Jennifer B. , Zimmerman Christopher M. , Zucker Jane R.
Published: April 2020

Objectives

The New York City (NYC) Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) depends on reporting by health care facilities and laboratories for disease surveillance. Our objective was to evaluate the completeness of DOHMH surveillance to identify births to hepatitis B virus (HBV)–positive women to prevent perinatal transmission.

Methods

We identified infants born to HBV-positive women by matching mothers of all infants born in NYC during May 1, 2013–May 1, 2014, identified from the Citywide Immunization Registry (CIR) to persons with HBV-positive laboratory reports in the Electronic Laboratory Reporting (ELR) system. We then matched infants born to mothers identified in the CIR/ELR match to infants born to HBV-positive women from the DOHMH perinatal HBV surveillance database. We performed capture–recapture analysis to evaluate completeness of DOHMH case identification. We compared the proportion of infants born to HBV-positive mothers reported to DOHMH with the proportion of infants identified only through the CIR/ELR match for receipt of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) and completion of the HBV vaccination series and post-vaccination serology testing.

Results

Of 1662 infants identified from the CIR/ELR match and 1554 infants in the DOHMH database, 1493 infants matched. Of 169 infants only in the CIR/ELR data set, 55 were born to HBV-positive women residing in NYC. Sixty-one infants were only in the DOHMH database. An estimated 2 infants were not identified by either method. The CIR/ELR match increased infant identification by 3.5%, from 1554 to 1609 infants. The proportion of infants who received PEP was significantly higher among infants whose mothers were reported to DOHMH (vs not reported to DOHMH).

Practical Implications

Use of the CIR/ELR match may further improve DOHMH identification of infants born to HBV-positive women and receipt of infant PEP.
Transoral Laser Surgery for Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Glottis: First Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Kendall William , Dimitriadis Panagiotis A. , Tahir Fawzia , Sionis Sara
Published: April 2020

Adenosquamous carcinoma of the head and neck is a rare cancer associated with poor prognosis. Histologically, it is identified through the presence of both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, although it may be difficult to diagnose from initial endoscopic biopsies. We report a case of adenosquamous carcinoma of the glottis in an 82-year-old female patient who presented with progressive hoarseness of voice and in whom initial biopsies had shown only moderate to severe dysplasia. This is the first case in the literature of a primary adenosquamous carcinoma of the glottis managed successfully with a CO2 laser left type Va cordectomy. The patient remained disease-free 28 months postoperatively.
Nothing to disconnect from? Being singular plural in an age of machine learning
Authors: Bucher Taina
Published: April 2020

This essay makes the claim that there is nothing to disconnect from in the digital world, and that the logic of machine learning provides the most obvious empirical case for this. Drawing on Jean-Luc Nancy’s concept of Being as always already a being-with, the argument is made that the inescapability of others does not provide the end-point for a gesture towards disconnection but an opportunity to rethink the ethics of dis/connectivity in a more productive way. I situate these claims in the scholarly discussion on digital disconnection and privacy within media studies with the purpose of contributing a critique of a discourse predominantly concerned with framing disconnection as a form of voluntary and empowered form of media refusal.
Clinical Practice Guideline: Ménière’s Disease
Authors: Basura Gregory J. , Adams Meredith E. , Monfared Ashkan , Schwartz Seth R. , Antonelli Patrick J. , Burkard Robert , Bush Matthew L. , Bykowski Julie , Colandrea Maria , Derebery Jennifer , Kelly Elizabeth A. , Kerber Kevin A. , Koopman Charles F. , Kuch Amy Angie , Marcolini Evie , McKinnon Brian J. , Ruckenstein Michael J. , Valenzuela Carla V. , Vosooney Alexis , Walsh Sandra A. , Nnacheta Lorraine C. , Dhepyasuwan Nui , Buchanan Erin M.
Published: April 2020

Objective

Ménière’s disease (MD) is a clinical condition defined by spontaneous vertigo attacks (each lasting 20 minutes to 12 hours) with documented low‐ to midfrequency sensorineural hearing loss in the affected ear before, during, or after one of the episodes of vertigo. It also presents with fluctuating aural symptoms (hearing loss, tinnitus, or ear fullness) in the affected ear. The underlying etiology of MD is not completely clear, yet it has been associated with inner ear fluid (endolymph) volume increases, culminating in episodic ear symptoms (vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness). Physical examination findings are often unremarkable, and audiometric testing may or may not show low‐ to midfrequency sensorineural hearing loss. Conventional imaging, if performed, is also typically normal. The goals of MD treatment are to prevent or reduce vertigo severity and frequency; relieve or prevent hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness; and improve quality of life. Treatment approaches to MD are many and typically include modifications of lifestyle factors (eg, diet) and medical, surgical, or a combination of therapies.

Purpose

The primary purpose of this clinical practice guideline is to improve the quality of the diagnostic workup and treatment outcomes of MD. To achieve this purpose, the goals of this guideline are to use the best available published scientific and/or clinical evidence to enhance diagnostic accuracy and appropriate therapeutic interventions (medical and surgical) while reducing unindicated diagnostic testing and/or imaging.
Evaluating the co-use of opioids and cannabis for pain among current users using hypothetical purchase tasks
Authors: Bergeria Cecilia L , Dolan Sean B , Johnson Matthew W , Campbell Claudia M , Dunn Kelly E
Published: April 2020

Background:

Cannabinoids may potentiate opioid analgesia and therefore could be used to reduce reliance on opioids for analgesia.

Aims:

The current study evaluated whether the concurrent availability of cannabis influences opioid consumption using a behavioral economic demand framework.

Methods:

An online survey assessed cannabis and opioid use frequency and dependence measures, pain severity, and demand for both cannabis and opioids alone and when concurrently available using hypothetical purchase tasks. Adults reporting current use of opioids for pain management and past 30-day cannabis exposure ( N=155) completed two hypothetical purchase tasks in which only grams of cannabis or units of participants’ index opioids were available for purchase, and two hypothetical tasks in which both were concurrently available and the price of one drug increased whereas the other was kept constant. Paired-sample t-tests compared the demand of each drug alone with when it was available concurrently with an alternative.

Results:

Demand intensity was significantly reduced and demand elasticity was significantly increased for both cannabis and opioids when the alternate commodity was available, although the reductions in cannabis consumption were more pronounced than they were for opioid consumption in the presence of the alternate commodity.

Conclusions:

These data provide behavioral economic evidence that cannabis access may modestly reduce demand for opioids in persons who have pain. Additional clinical studies that evaluate the analgesic effects of cannabis and cannabis-opioid effects on pain are warranted.
Treatment with 7% and 10% CO2 enhanced expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in hypoxic cultures of human whole blood
Authors: Ding Hongguang , Li Ya , Li Xusheng , Liu Xinqiang , Chen Shenglong , Liu Mengting , Zeng Hongke
Published: April 2020

Objective

This study investigated whether hypercapnia influenced the inflammatory response of hypoxic blood.

Methods

Human whole blood was cultured with 0.2% oxygen (O2) and treated with 5%, 7%, or 10% carbon dioxide (CO2). Interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-6 were evaluated in whole blood cultures. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and expression levels of caspase-1 and IL-1β were evaluated in THP-1 monocytic cells.

Results

IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels were higher in the hypoxia + 7% CO2 group than in the hypoxia + 5% CO2 group. The hypoxia + 10% CO2 group had the highest IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels, compared with the hypoxia + 7% CO2 and hypoxia + 5% CO2 groups. Expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 were significantly negatively correlated with pH levels in the cell culture medium. Treatment with 7% and 10% CO2 increased the production of ROS and the expression of caspase-1 and IL-1β in hypoxia-activated THP-1 cells.

Conclusions

High levels of CO2 treatment increased expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in hypoxic whole blood cultures. High levels of CO2-induced ROS overproduction and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in monocytes may comprise a target to mitigate the inflammatory response of hypoxic blood.
Superior Capsular Reconstruction With the Long Head of the Biceps Autograft Prevents Infraspinatus Retear in Massive Posterosuperior Retracted Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Barth Johannes , Olmos Manuel Ignacio , Swan John , Barthelemy Renaud , Delsol Philippe , Boutsiadis Achilleas
Published: April 2020

Background:

Materials and patches with increased biomechanical and biological properties and superior capsular reconstruction may change the natural history of massive rotator cuff tears (RCTs).

Purpose:

To compare structural and clinical outcomes among 3 surgical techniques for the treatment of massive posterosuperior RCTs: double-row (DR) technique, transosseous-equivalent (TOE) technique with absorbable patch reinforcement, and superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) with the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) autograft.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence 3.

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed the 3 techniques in patients who underwent repair of massive posterosuperior RCTs between January 2007 and March 2017. All patients completed preoperative and 24-month postoperative evaluations: range of motion, subjective shoulder value, Simple Shoulder Test, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, visual analog scale for pain, and Constant score. Tendon integrity was assessed with ultrasound 1 year postoperatively.

Results:

A total of 82 patients completed the final evaluation (28 patients, DR; 30 patients, TOE + patch; 24 patients, SCR with LHBT). Groups were statistically comparable preoperatively, except for active forward elevation and tendon retraction, which were significantly worse in the SCR group ( P = .008 and P = .001, respectively). After 24 months, the mean ± SD scores for the respective groups were as follows: 76 ± 10, 72 ± 15, and 77 ± 10 for the Constant score ( P = .35); 84 ± 10, 84 ± 15, and 80 ± 15 for the ASES ( P = .61); 9 ± 2, 9 ± 3, and 8 ± 3 for the Simple Shoulder Test ( P = .23); 82 ± 15, 80 ± 18, and 75 ± 18 for the subjective shoulder value ( P = .29); and 1.4 ± 1.7, 1.8 ± 2, and 1.4 ± 1.4 for the visual analog scale ( P = .65). The strength of the operated shoulder was 4 ± 3 kg, 4.7 ± 3 kg, and 6.4 ± 1.6 kg for the DR, TOE + patch, and SCR groups, respectively ( P = .006). At 12 months postoperatively, 60.7% (17 of 28) of the DR group, 56.7% (17 of 30) of the TOE + patch group, and 91.7% (22 of 24) of the SCR group remained healed on ultrasound. The infraspinatus tendon remained healed in 75% of the DR group, 76.5% of the TOE + patch group, and 100% of the SCR with the LHBT group ( P = .006).

Conclusion:

In cases of massive posterosuperior RCTs, SCR with the LHBT should be considered a reliable, cost-effective treatment option that protects infraspinatus integrity.
Seven lessons from the field: Research on transformation of health systems for older adults
Authors: Stolee Paul , MacNeil Maggie , Elliott Jacobi , Tong Catherine , Kernoghan Alison
Published: April 2020

Research can play a key role in efforts to transform healthcare systems. Our group’s long-standing research program has been aimed at understanding how to support greater integration and coordination of healthcare services for older adults with complex conditions. Drawing on this experience, we outline seven “lessons from the field” that highlight research-related challenges that may hinder health system transformation. These challenges relate to conducting research in a complex and constantly changing system; co-design approaches that are simultaneously deemed essential yet too ambiguous to fund; patient, family caregiver, and citizen engagement; limited funding for health systems research; and lack of use of research findings. We hope that these reflections will help to inform an ongoing conversation about how these challenges might be overcome.
Trapped in Precariousness? Risks and Opportunities of Female Immigrants and Natives Transitioning from Part-Time Jobs in Spain
Authors: Muñoz-Comet Jacobo , Steinmetz Stephanie
Published: April 2020

Using panel data from the Spanish Labour Force Survey (2008–2016), we explore the risks and opportunities of job transitions (to unemployment, inactivity, full-time work and promotion) of female immigrants and natives in part-time work. This is the first study examining the two possible functions of part-time employment (stepping stone or trap) for different types of women across different working time categories. It contributes to the ongoing discussion about the function of non-standard work by applying an intersectional lens. Our results confirm that the signalling of different types of part-time job works positively, although the signal is weaker for immigrant women, particularly for those working in marginal and substantial part-time employment. The main sociodemographic and structural drivers of labour transitions explain only partially the gross migrant–native differences. As female immigrants experience a stronger outsider position, additional determinants of signalling beyond human capital and labour market segmentation factors might be at work.
A novel approach to hot die-less clinching process for high strength AA7075-T6 sheets
Authors: Atia Mostafa K S , Jain Mukesh K
Published: April 2020

High strength AA7075-T6 aluminum sheets were joined by hot die-less clinching by locally heating the clinching region with an electrical resistance heating method. This method applied a large amount of current in the range 7.5–15 kA over a time period of 2–3 s to enhance the local ductility of AA7075-T6 sheets. A modified die-less clinching tool was developed to carry current from the blank holder to the anvil through a pair of AA7075-T6 sheets to be clinched. The above range of applied current and time duration led to an increase in sheet metal temperature in the range 175–260 ℃ leading to material softening and a consequent reduction in the clinch forming force as well as improved material flow. The clinched joints produced with constant forming force of 60 kN resulted in an increase in lap shear joint strength up to 41% with an applied current of 15 kA. Microstructure examination of the clinched region for a range of electrical resistance heating conditions revealed sound joints with previously reported forming and force locking mechanisms as well as recently identified elevated temperature material locking mechanism in the literature. The geometric interlock resulted in nonlinear increase in force with displacement in the lap shear test as well as instantaneous drop in the force due to failure of material locking.
Modelling and analysis of a magneto-rheological damper featuring non-magnetized flow paths in the piston
Authors: Li Guo-Jie , Shangguan Wen-Bin , Rakheja Subhash
Published: April 2020

The damping characteristics of a magneto-rheological damper featuring non-magnetized flow paths in the piston are analysed using the Eyring constitutive model considering both viscous and minor hydraulic losses. The force–displacement and force–velocity characteristics of the magneto-rheological damper with non-magnetized flow paths were experimentally evaluated under different excitations and magnetic field intensity. Experimental results revealed relatively largerpre-yield-like region, attributed to flows through the non-magnetized paths, which increased with an increase in the coil current. A mathematical model of the damper was subsequently formulated using the Eyring constitutive model considering pressure drop across the piston and viscous effect in addition to the current-dependent friction. The Eyring model parameters were identified as a function of the magnetic field intensity and thus the coil current. For this purpose, a finite element model was formulated to identify a relation between the coil current and the magnetic field intensity. The validity of the proposed model is demonstrated by comparing the model-predicted force–velocity characteristics with the measured data under different applied currents. The model results are also compared with those obtained from the widely reported modified Bouc–Wen model and the Bingham constitutive model. The comparisons showed that the Eyring constitutive model can yield more accurate predictions of the damping properties compared to the Bingham model but similar to those from the modified Bouc–Wen model, while the Bouc–Wen model involves identifications of considerably greater number of parameters. The proposed model provided more accurate prediction of the damping force in the pre-yield region compared to the other models.
Serum levels of soluble programmed cell death protein 1 and soluble programmed cell death protein ligand 2 are increased in systemic lupus erythematosus and associated with the disease activity
Authors: Hirahara Shinya , Katsumata Yasuhiro , Kawasumi Hidenaga , Kawaguchi Yashushi , Harigai Masayoshi
Published: April 2020

Objective

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) pathway plays important roles in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We aimed to elucidate the association of serum soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) and related molecules with SLE and to explore their usefulness as biomarkers.

Methods

We retrospectively measured the serum levels of sPD-1, soluble PD-ligand 1 (sPD-L1), soluble PD-ligand 2 (sPD-L2) and interleukin (IL)-21 by ELISA in SLE patients, systemic sclerosis patients and healthy controls. Repeat sera samples were also obtained post treatment.

Results

The serum levels of sPD-1 and sPD-L2 in SLE patients with high disease activity were significantly higher than those in SLE patients with low disease activity, systemic sclerosis patients and healthy controls ( n = 58, 15, 20 and 21, respectively; p < 0.001). However, the serum levels of sPD-L1 and IL-21 were not elevated in SLE patients. The serum levels of sPD-1 and sPD-L2 were higher among active SLE patients who tested positive for anti-dsDNA antibodies than in those who tested negative ( p = 0.002 and <0.001, respectively). There were moderate correlations between the serum levels of sPD-1 and sPD-L2 and the SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 scores, the titres of anti-dsDNA antibodies and the serum levels of complements. Furthermore, the serum levels of sPD-1 and sPD-L2 decreased significantly in accordance with disease amelioration following treatment ( p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The present study demonstrated the association of serum sPD-1 and sPD-L2 with SLE and suggests their usefulness as disease activity biomarkers for SLE.
Real-world prevalence of hepatitis B virus reactivation in cancer patients in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Chi-Hua , Hsieh Hui-Hsia , Wu Tien-Yuan
Published: April 2020

Background

Hepatitis B virus carriers who receive systemic cancer chemotherapy have been found to be at a higher risk of hepatitis B virus reactivation. However, lack of standard prophylaxis protocol resulted in life-threatening adverse events.

Objective

This retrospective study is to investigate prevalence and chemotherapy drug-induced hepatitis B virus reactivation in all types of cancer patients and establish an institutional clinical practice protocol. Methodology: This retrospective cohort study evaluated the incidence of hepatitis B virus infection, the pre-chemotherapy screening rate of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and the severity of hepatitis B virus reactivation of cancer patients receiving intravenous chemotherapy between 2013 and 2014. Patients receiving local chemotherapy with intra-cavity instillation, drug- or alcohol-related hepatitis, or chemotherapy for immune diseases were excluded.

Results

In total 784 patients, 404 patients (51.53%) underwent hepatitis B virus serum antigen (HBsAg) testing before chemotherapy, and 61 patients (7.78%) tested positive. Only 32 patients (4.08%) received prophylactic hepatitis B virus antiviral therapy. Patients receiving prophylactic antiviral drugs were significantly lower risk of hepatitis B virus reactivation than nonprophylaxis (relative risk, RR: 0.53, number needed to treat, NNT: 12). Moreover, our study found specific single or combined chemotherapy that may cause hepatitis B virus reactivation different from those of other studies conducted in Western countries. The differences may refer to enzymes, proteins and immune response of patients.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that cancer patients receiving prophylactic antiviral drugs remain at risk of hepatitis B virus reactivation during chemotherapy. Therefore, the hepatitis B virus screen and chemotherapy control system was established in 2017 to reduce the risk of hepatitis B virus reactivation and improve patient safety.
Adverse drug reactions associated with chemotherapeutic agents used in breast cancer: Analysis of patients’ online forums
Authors: Assi Sulaf , Torrington Ebony , Cheema Ejaz , Hamid Abdullah Al
Published: April 2020

Background

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women worldwide. The benefits of chemotherapy vary depending on the treatment regimen used and the characteristic of the tumour. However, adverse drug reactions associated with chemotherapeutic agents can cause dose delays or reductions; thereby, affecting the treatment outcomes.

Objective

To explore adverse drug reactions of chemotherapeutic agents used to treat breast cancer from the patients’ perspective.

Methods

A total of 110 threads from nine online discussion forums were evaluated. They were exported into NVivo for Mac where content analysis was applied. Threads were read carefully to observe emerging patterns which were then coded into sub-themes and grouped into main themes.

Results

The participants’ characteristics on online discussion forums were often missing. Four hundred and eleven participants experienced 473 adverse drug reactions that were mainly associated with the nervous and immune systems. The forums’ analysis yielded three main themes: patient–patient advice, self-medication and lifestyle changes.

Conclusion

Online discussion forums proposed valued source of data on adverse drug reactions associated with chemotherapeutic agents and overall patients’ experience with cancer. The adverse drug reactions experienced by patients changed their priorities and the way they dealt with the disease. Therefore, healthcare professionals must consider the patients’ experience and attitudes towards cancer when designing a treatment plan. This can be established by increasing communication between healthcare professionals and patients.
The Methodological Potential of Scrapbooking: Theory, Application, and Evaluation
Authors: Walling-Wefelmeyer Ros
Published: April 2020

The methodological possibilities of scrapbooking have hitherto been largely neglected in social science research. This article provides much needed theoretical and empirical insights into its potential, positing it as a practical and conceptual process of saving, sharing, and making sense(s) of the everyday and ephemeral. Scrapbooking highlights both the contingency and partiality of the scraps themselves and its own performance of giving them form. Research into how women experience and interpret ‘men’s intrusions’ over the course of 1 week put these ideas into practice. The study used both physical and digital scrapbooks, for which the social media platform Tumblr was employed. An evaluation of scrapbooking’s methodological potential produced three characteristic ‘tensions’: between freedom and constraint, between the raw and the processed, and between the therapeutic and the intrusive. These three tensions necessitate further exploration.
Screen-based media use and blood pressure in preschool-aged children: A prospective study in the Odense Child Cohort
Authors: Pedersen Jesper , Rasmussen Martin G. , Neland Mette , Grøntved Anders
Published: April 2020

Aims: To examine prospective and cross-sectional associations between screen time and blood pressure (BP) in preschool children. Methods: The Odense Child Cohort study started in January 2010. Children who were born in the municipality of Odense underwent a clinical examination at 3 and 5 years of age and their parents were asked to complete a questionnaire. A total of 628 children were included in the prospective analysis and 964 children were included in two cross-sectional analyses at 5 years of age. Multivariable adjusted linear and logistic regression models were computed to examine prospective and cross-sectional associations between screen time and BP with adjustment for putative confounding factors. Results: No significant prospective association was found between a 2-year change in screen time and systolic BP (0.55 BP percentile change per 1 h increase in screen time, 95% confidence interval (CI) −1.51 to 2.60) and diastolic BP (0.74 BP percentile change per 1 h increase in screen time, 95% CI −1.09 to 2.57). No significant cross-sectional association was observed between screen time (⩽1 h/day, >1–2 h/day, >2 h/day) and the prevalence of high BP at 5 years of age. Exposure to screen time before bedtime 2–5 days/week and ⩾6 days/week was significantly associated with a greater prevalence of high BP compared with screen time before bedtime 0–1 day/week (odds ratios 1.57 (95% CI 1.02–2.42) and 1.82 (95% CI 1.18–2.89), respectively. Conclusions: No prospective association was found between screen time and BP. However, a significant cross-sectional association was found between screen time before bedtime and high BP in preschool children.
‘I do not share it with others. No, it’s for me, it’s my care’: On sharing of patient accessible electronic health records
Authors: Nurgalieva Leysan , Cajander Åsa , Moll Jonas , Åhlfeldt Rose-Mharie , Huvila Isto , Marchese Maurizio
Published: April 2020

This study explores patients’ perspectives on sharing their personal health data, which is traditionally shared through discussions with peers and relatives. However, other possibilities for sharing have emerged through the introduction of online services such as Patient Accessible Electronic Health Records (PAEHR). In this article, we investigate strategies that patients adopt in sharing their PAEHR. Data were collected through a survey with 2587 patients and through 15 semi-structured interviews with cancer patients. Results show that surprisingly few patients share their information, and that older patients and patients with lower educational levels share more frequently. A large majority of patients trust the security of the system when sharing despite the high sensitivity of health information. Finally, we discuss the design implications addressing identified problems when sharing PAEHR, as well as security and privacy issues connected to sharing.
Study on the stability and vibration reduction of nonlinear active suspension system with time-delayed feedback control
Authors: Shao Su-Juan , Ren Chuan-Bo , Jing Dong , Yan Ting-Hao
Published: April 2020

In this paper, a nonlinear two-degrees-of-freedom active suspension system model with time-delayed feedback control is studied. It is well known that a time delay has destabilizing effect in mathematical models. A stability judgment method is proposed, which is produced in the process of seeking analytic solutions by using multiple-scales method. The influence of feedback control parameters with time delay on vibration reduction of active suspension system is studied. The optimal feedback control parameter combination is obtained. Numerical simulations are provided to support the theoretical analysis. The results show that the feedback gain coefficient and time delay can be used as switches for controlling the stability of the system. The vibration of the nonlinear active suspension system with time delay can be controlled by adjusting the time delay and gain coefficient. There is an optimal parameter combination of gain coefficient and time delay, so that the vibration damping effect is the best. Under the optimal parameters control, the vibration of vehicle is obviously reduced compared with that without control, which proves the effectiveness of time-delayed vibration reduction control in automobile application.
Residual calculation in He’s frequency–amplitude formulation
Authors: Wu Yue , Liu Yan-Ping
Published: April 2020

He’s frequency–amplitude formulation and its modifications mainly depend upon the residual calculation. A suitable choice of a residual leads to an ideal result. This paper discusses some effective methods for the residual calculation, and a modification with a free parameter is suggested to effectively estimate the frequency of a nonlinear oscillator. Furthermore, an energy-based residual calculation is also suggested, which is deduced from a variational principle.
Direction of arrival estimation with off-grid target based on sparse reconstruction in impulsive noise
Authors: Liang LongKai , Shi YiRan , Shi YaoWu , He WenChao
Published: April 2020

This paper proposes a direction of arrival estimation based on sparse signal reconstruction in the presence of alpha noise by the off-grid orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm. Assuming Gaussian distribution as the noise model, the previous sparse reconstruction enhances robustness by utilizing the least square criterion-based direction of arrival estimation algorithms. However, they severely degrade, even invalid, when there is thick trailing and large impulse in the noise molded by [Formula: see text] stable distribution. In addition, due to the discretization of the potential angle space, the accuracy of these methods will be reduced when the target is not completely on the divided mesh exactly. Increasing the grid density to improve estimation effect will increase the computation burden. The compressed sensing signal model is reconstructed by reshaping the fractional lower order covariance matrix of the sensor array received signal. Based on the reshaped signal model, the novel reshaped orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm and reshaped off-grid orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm are derived. Compared to the least square criterion method with Gaussian distribution assumption, the proposed algorithm obtains high-resolution direction of arrival estimation in [Formula: see text] noise. Moreover, the reshaped off-grid orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm improves the direction of arrival estimation accuracy with off-grid target. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed method in direction of arrival estimation with off-grid targets in [Formula: see text] noise.
Future development and the need for sustainable affordable social housing: How do we get from here to there?
Authors: Crowley Anthony
Published: April 2020

This opinion argues that there is a desperate need to create more sustainable affordable social housing in the UK, like Goldsmith Street in Norwich, because the younger generation in particular cannot currently afford to buy homes and that this demand is likely to increase in the future. It argues that in order to create sustainable affordable housing, the government needs to raise taxes to pay for it (which is unpopular); that local people need to accept this type of development in terms of where it is located (including in their backyard); that existing legislation, including the planning system and indeed government itself, needs to be more supportive in creating this type of housing by offering incentives to developers and by using more creative tools (such as encouraging sustainable design features and allowing for more lenient or perhaps more and stricter planning conditions as is currently being mooted by government and by requiring minimum/higher standards to be met); and that the students of the future learning to become the planners, architects and construction professionals of tomorrow need to be better educated in how to design and deliver it in practice.
Numerical study of 3-D finlets using Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes computational fluid dynamics for trailing edge noise reduction
Authors: Shi Yuejun , Lee Seongkyu
Published: April 2020

This paper uses Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes computational fluid dynamics to study trailing edge noise reduction with 3-D finlets. Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes computational fluid dynamics provides boundary layer parameters near a trailing edge for an empirical wall pressure spectrum model, and then an acoustic model predicts far-field noise based on pressure fluctuations obtained from the wall pressure spectrum model. First, this numerical approach is validated against experiments. Second, a comprehensive trend analysis is conducted to give insight into the design of 3-D finlets under different flow conditions. A data-driven turbulence spanwise length scale model is developed to tackle finlets with small spacing. Combined with acoustic results, detailed computational flow field results are analyzed to understand the physical mechanism of noise reduction. While the major part of the proposed mechanism is the same as prior work, several new observations are shown which better understand the physical mechanism of noise reduction with 3-D finlets. The goals of the current paper are to provide an efficient Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes-based approach to predict trailing edge noise of 3-D finlets, to give complete trend analysis results with various finlets under different flow conditions, and to advance an understanding of the underlying physics.