bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Security Management for Sports and Special Events
Authors: Hall Stacey A. , Cooper Walter E. , Marciani Lou , McGee James A.
Published: April 2020

Security Management for Sports and Special Events: An Interagency Approach to Creating Safe Facilities presents a systematic approach to stadium and venue security. Unlike traditional risk management books that present guidelines to promote safety and discourage litigation in sport and recreation settings, Security Management for Sports and SpecialEvents deals specifically with natural disasters, terrorism, crowd control problems, and other large-scale threats. As sport and facility managers seek to broaden their building management capabilities, this text offers detailed guidance in improving the quality, coordination, and responsiveness of security protocols within their facilities.

With this text, sport and facility managers examine the concerns and challenges to security and emergency planning for both sport and non-sport events held at their facilities. Security Management for Sports and Special Events offers an organized explanation of event security to support the planning, implementation, and communication of security and emergency plans to staff and game-day hires as well as the assessment of emergency preparation. Drawing on numerous examples from both in and out of sport, readers will consider the challenges, solutions, best practices, and prescriptions for coordinating the efforts of staff, law enforcement, and security personnel.
Recreation, Event, and Tourism Businesses
Authors: Pfister Robert E. , Tierney Patrick T.
Published: April 2020

Recreation, Event, and Tourism Businesses provides students with practical business concepts and content that link to the core principles of the RET field so they’ll be professionally prepared to deliver appropriate services. They’ll explore contemporary management practices while discovering the diverse career opportunities available in the RET industry. The following are other student-friendly features:

• Tech Applications describe various specialized technologies and their applications to the RET industry.

• Multinational case studies provide detailed analysis of recreation businesses, with discussions of start-up, services provided, marketing, revenues and costs, management challenges, and future plans.

• Green Tips provide practical suggestions for making specific elements of an RET business more environmentally responsible.

• Spotlight On sections highlight the profiles of successful entrepreneurs and their locations, backgrounds, and professional advice or plans for the future

Recreation, Event, and Tourism Businesses also presents new professionals and potential business owners with clear, easy-to-read directions for developing and writing a business plan. A student or entrepreneur can use chapters in the book to develop sections of a business plan as a semester-long project or a serious business endeavor. The book’s business profiles and case studies serve as examples to follow when working on the plan and help readers gain insight into how businesses are planned, started, and funded. It lays out important strategies for startinng a business and shares best practices based on successful RET businesses. The authors also share advanced management and marketing strategies based on their experience as business owners. The key concepts of liability, marketing, finance, and operational standards are not simply academic concepts but practices honed by the authors’ 20-plus years of experience in operating recreation and tourism businesses.
“Sex” and body region effects on bone mineralization in male pigs
Authors: Bernau Maren , Schrott Juliane , Schwanitz Sebastian , Kreuzer Lena Sophie , Scholz Armin Manfred
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Lameness in pigs is one of the major reasons for culling and early losses in
pigs. This can be linked to osteoporosis due to pathologic alterations in
bone mineral density (BMD) or bone mineral content (BMC) and may also be
linked to the sex. Dealing with the ban on piglet castration without
anaesthesia in Germany 2021, we have three male “sex” types: entire
boars (EB), immunocastrated boars (IB), and surgically castrated boars (SB).
The hypothesis of the present study is that BMC or BMD varies between different
male sex types. If sex has an effect on bone mineralization
(BMC or BMD) and if this affects leg health, it could result in more lameness
and problems during fattening in the negatively affected sex type. The
present study evaluated bone mineralization (in terms of BMD and BMC) and
body composition traits using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) three
times during growth at 30, 50, and 90 kg live body weight. Nine body regions
were analysed for bone mineral traits and compared for different male sex
types and the fattening season. Significant differences were found
regarding BMD (and BMC) among EB, IB, and SB for whole-body BMD (BMC).
Additionally significant differences were found in the front and lower hind
limbs, where SB showed a significantly higher BMD compared to EB, with IB
in between. Additionally regional differences were detected among the groups.
Further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of these differences in
bone mineralization on leg health.
Vertical profiles of submicron aerosol single scattering albedo over the Indian region immediately before monsoon onset and during its development: research from the SWAAMI field campaign
Authors: Manoj Mohanan R. , Satheesh Sreedharan K. , Moorthy Krishnaswamy K. , Coe Hugh
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Vertical structures of aerosol single scattering albedo
(SSA), from near the surface through the free troposphere, have been
estimated for the first time at distinct geographical locations over the
Indian mainland and adjoining oceans, using in situ measurements of aerosol
scattering and absorption coefficients aboard the Facility for Airborne
Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe-146 aircraft
during the South West Asian Aerosol Monsoon Interactions (SWAAMI) campaign
from June to July 2016. These are used to examine the spatial variation of
SSA profiles and also to characterize its transformation from just prior to
the onset of Indian Summer Monsoon (June 2016) to its active phase (July
2016). Very strong aerosol absorption, with SSA values as low as 0.7,
persisted in the lower altitudes (<3 km) over the Indo-Gangetic
Plains (IGP), prior to the monsoon onset, with a west-to-east gradient;
lower values occurred in the north-western arid regions, peaking in the
central IGP and somewhat decreasing towards the eastern end. During the
active phase of the monsoon, the SSA is found to increase remarkably,
indicating far less absorption. Nevertheless, significant aerosol absorption
persisted in the lower and middle troposphere over the IGP. Inputting these
SSA and extinction profiles into a radiative transfer model, we examined the
effects of using height-resolved information in estimating atmospheric
heating rates due to aerosols, over similar estimates made using a single
columnar value. It was noted that use of a single SSA value leads to an
underestimation (overestimation) of the heating rates over regions with low
(high) SSA, emphasizing the importance of height-resolved information.
Further, the use of realistic profiles showed significant heating of the
atmosphere by submicron aerosol absorption at the middle troposphere, which
may have strong implications for clouds and climate.
Drawing everyday sexism in academia: observations and analysis of a community-based initiative
Authors: Bocher Marie , Ulvrova Martina , Arnould Maëlis , Coltice Nicolas , Mallard Claire , Gérault Mélanie , Adenis Alice
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Sexist behaviour in the workplace contributes to create a
hostile environment, hindering the chance of women and gender non-conforming
individuals to pursue an academic career, but also reinforcing gender
stereotypes that are harmful to their progress and recognition. The Did this really happen?! project
aims at publishing real-life, everyday sexism in the form of comic strips.
Its major goal is to raise awareness about unconscious biases that transpire
in everyday interactions in academia and increase the visibility of sexist
situations that arise within the scientific community, especially to those
who might not notice it. Through the website didthisreallyhappen.net, we
collect testimonies about everyday sexism occurring in the professional
academic environment (universities, research institutes, scientific
conferences…). We translate these stories into comics and publish them
anonymously without any judgement or comments on the website. By now, we
have collected over 100 testimonies. From this collection, we identified six
recurrent patterns: (1) behaviours that aim at maintaining women in
stereotypical feminine roles, (2) behaviours that aim at maintaining men in
stereotypical masculine roles, (3) the questioning of the scientific skills
of female researchers, (4) situations where women have the position of an
outsider, especially in informal networking contexts, (5) the objectification
of women, and (6) the expression of neosexist views. We first present a
detailed analysis of these categories, then we report on the different ways
we interact and engage with the Earth science community, the scientific
community at large and the public in this project.
Statistical reconstruction of daily precipitation and temperature fields in Switzerland back to 1864
Authors: Pfister Lucas , Brönnimann Stefan , Schwander Mikhaël , Isotta Francesco Alessandro , Horton Pascal , Rohr Christian
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Spatial information on past weather contributes to better understanding the processes behind day-to-day weather variability and to assessing the risks arising from weather extremes. For Switzerland, daily resolved spatial information on meteorological parameters is restricted to the period starting from 1961, whereas prior to that local station observations are the only source of daily long-term weather data. While attempts have been made to reconstruct spatial weather patterns for certain extreme events, the task of creating a continuous spatial weather reconstruction dataset for Switzerland has so far not been addressed. Here, we aim to reconstruct daily high-resolution precipitation and temperature fields for Switzerland back to 1864 with an analogue resampling method (ARM) using station data and a weather type classification. Analogue reconstructions are post-processed with an ensemble Kalman fitting (EnKF) approach and quantile mapping. Results suggest that the presented methods are suitable for daily precipitation and temperature reconstruction. Evaluation experiments reveal excellent skill for temperature and good skill for precipitation. As illustrated with the example of the avalanche winter of 1887/88, these weather reconstructions have great potential for various analyses of past weather and for climate impact modelling.
Variability of the thermohaline structure and transport of Atlantic water in the Arctic Ocean based on NABOS (Nansen and Amundsen Basins Observing System) hydrography data
Authors: Zhurbas Nataliya , Kuzmina Natalia
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) transects across continental
slope of the Eurasian Basin and the St. Anna Trough performed during
NABOS (Nansen and Amundsen Basins Observing System) project in
2002–2015 and a transect from the 1996 Polarstern expedition are
used to describe the temperature and salinity characteristics and
volume flow rates (volume transports) of the current carrying the
Atlantic water (AW) in the Arctic Ocean. The variability of the AW
on its pathway along the slope of the Eurasian Basin is
investigated. A dynamic Fram Strait branch of the Atlantic water
(FSBW) is identified in all transects, including two transects in
the Makarov Basin (along 159∘ E), while the cold waters on
the eastern transects along 126, 142, and
159∘ E, which can be associated with the influence of the
Barents Sea branch of the Atlantic water (BSBW), were observed in
the depth range below 800 m and had a negligible effect on
the spatial structure of isopycnic surfaces. The geostrophic volume
transport of AW decreases farther away from the areas of the AW
inflow to the Eurasian Basin, decreasing by 1 order of magnitude
in the Makarov Basin at 159∘ E, implying that the major
part of the AW entering the Arctic Ocean circulates cyclonically
within the Nansen and Amundsen basins. There is an absolute maximum
of θmax (AW core temperature) in 2006–2008 time
series and a maximum in 2013, but only at 103∘ E. Salinity
S(θmax) (AW core salinity) time series display
a trend of an increase in AW salinity over time, which can be referred
to as an AW salinization in the early 2000s. The maxima of θmax and S(θmax) in 2006 and 2013 are
accompanied by the volume transport maxima. The time average
geostrophic volume transports of AW are 0.5 Sv in the
longitude range 31–92∘ E, 0.8 Sv in the St. Anna
Trough, and 1.1 Sv in the longitude range
94–107∘ E.
Of commissars, cults and conspiratorial communities: The role of countercultural spaces in “democracy hacking” campaigns
Authors: Whyte Christopher
Published: April 2020

The goal of this article is to place the cultivation of virtual conspiratorial communities by prosecutors of influence operations within a theoretical structure of information warfare as “democracy hacking.” We join emerging scholarship in describing democracies as information systems wherein maintaining high standards for the quality, origination, credibility and perceived freedom of information in discourse is necessary for ensuring the moderating function of the whole. While the cyber attacks, data leaks and bot manipulation of social media that are the common focus of much analysis constitute the most visible efforts to spoof the function of mechanisms that ensure these standards, the success of each nevertheless depends on a strong foundation from which disruptive narratives can gain credibility in the public eye. Closed, conspiratorial communities are an essential part of this foundation. Such spaces are commonly characterized by cult-like discursive practices that discourage critical thought, “meme-ify” controversial content and encourage hostile rebuttal of external criticism. At the same time, platform and cross-platform opportunities for information dissemination without violation of the insular boundaries of such spaces provide unique possibilities for the spread of community narratives. Taken together, these dynamics amount to a dramatically improved ability to combat the moderating features of democratic systems. The study examines these dynamics with specific reference to the case of r/The_Donald and finds strong validity for the suggested framework.
Substantiation of basic stages of gluten-free steamed bread production and its influence on quality of finished product
Authors: Shanina Olga , Minchenko Sergii , Gavrysh Tetyana , Sukhenko Yuriy , Sukhenko Vladyslav , Vasyliv Volodimyr , Miedviedieva Natalia , Mushtruk Mikhailo , Stechyshyn Myroslav , Rozbytska Tatyana
Published: April 2020

Development and introduction of high quality gluten-free products is one of the priorities of food industry. Feasibility of producing gluten-free steamed bread based on rice and corn flour using flaxseed, sunflower, sorghum and quinoa flour additives is proved in the article. Recommended ratios of flours are established: Frc:Ffs 95:5, Frc:Fsn 95:5, Fcn:Fqn 85:15, Fcn:Fsg 90:10. The parameters of dough kneading are studied and the influence of additives on relative elasticity, plasticity and resilience is established. Use of additives leads to a decrease in irreversible relative deformation of dough for 36 – 68% and relative plasticity for 16 – 18%, to increase of its elasticity relative resilience up to 2.3 times. Dough fermentation process is investigated. It is established that amount of carbon dioxide accumulated in gluten-free dough increases by 10 – 30%. Process of acid accumulation during fermentation is studied. A flow chart for the production of gluten-free steamed bread is proposed. The parameters for the production of gluten-free steamed bread were established and justified. Product is prepared in a single-phase method, adopted in practice of baking bread. The duration of dough mixing is 10 – 15 min, fermentation 20 – 35 min. Steam treatment is carried out under atmospheric pressure. Recommended steam processing time is 35 min for bread based on rice flour, 30 min for based on corn flour. In comparison with the traditional technological scheme, it is recommended to use a double boiler instead of an oven.
Duplicated vas deferens as an incidental finding during indirect inguinal hernia repair: A case report and literature review
Authors: Ismaiel Mohammad , Shuaib Abdullah , Edward Maged , Marafi Bader
Published: April 2020

Duplication of vas deferens is an anomaly that is generally encountered during inguinal hernia repair, orchiopexy, radical prostatectomy, varicocelectomy, and vasectomy. The estimated rate of this anomaly in the United States is 0.01%. This anomaly may predispose to iatrogenic vas deferens injury during inguinal hernia repair. Embryological point of view suggests that the duplication of the mesonephric duct system could result in duplicated vas deferens. Failure to recognize this anomaly may lead to injury, obstruction, or spermatic granuloma. Furthermore, it is important to identify duplicated vas deferens during vasectomy to avoid failure of the procedure. Identification of duplicated vas deferens is important during inguinal hernia surgery, vasectomy, and varicocelectomy. Herein, we report a case of duplicated vas deferens during open indirect inguinal hernia repair.
Development and Field Application of a Passive Sampler for Atmospheric Mercury
Authors: Cha Seung-Hwan , Han Young-Ji , Jeon Ji-Won , Kim Young-Hee , Kim Hyuk , Noh Seam , Kwon Myeong-Hee
Published: April 2020

In this study, a passive sampler for gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) was developed and applied to field monitoring. Three Radiello® diffusive bodies with iodineimpregnated activated carbon (I-IAC) as a Hg adsorbent were placed in an opaque acrylic external shield with a stainless steel lid. The performance of the passive sampler was evaluated at seven monitoring sites in South Korea. Hg uptake mass by the passive sampler linearly increased as the deployment time increased up to four months. The reproducibility of the sampler uptake mass for the different deployment periods was also good, and the average relative standard deviation calculated for the three adsorbents in one passive sampler was 9%. Using the Hg concentration measured by an active sampler, an experimental sampling rate (SR) of 0.082 m3 day−1 was obtained. It was shown that the experimental SR was significantly affected by meteorological parameters, and a calibration equation was successfully derived based on wind speed, temperature, and relative humidity. With the calibrated SRs, there was a significant correlation between the active and passive Hg concentrations. When the passive samplers were deployed in an industrial district, the GEM concentration showed very large spatial variation, suggesting its potential for application in future field monitoring.
Temporal Variations and Characteristics of the Carbonaceous Species in PM2.5 Measured at Anmyeon Island, a Background Site in Korea
Authors: Lee Jong Sik , Kim Eun Sil , Kim Ki-Ae , Yu Jian Zhen , Kim Yong Pyo , Jung Chang Hoon , Lee Ji Yi
Published: April 2020

Routine measurements of carbonaceous species in PM2.5 inculidng organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), and humic-like-substance carbon (HULIS-C) in PM2.5 were performed at Anmyeon Island (AI) to clarify the seasonal variation and carbonaceous aerosol concentrations at a background site in Korea between 2015 and 2016. The annual average OC and EC concentrations were 4.52±3.25 μg/m3 and 0.46±0.28 μg/m3, respectively, and there were no clear seasonal variations in OC and EC concentrations. The average concentrations of WSOC and water-insoluble organic carbon (WISOC) were 2.56±1.95 μg/m3 and 1.96±1.45 μg/m3, respectively, and their composition in OC showed high temporal variations. A low correlation between WISOC and EC was observed, while WSOC concentrations were highly correlated with secondary organic carbon concentrations, which were estimated using the EC tracer method. The results indicate that the formation of secondary organic aerosols is a major factor for the determination of WSOC concentrations in this region. HULIS-C was the major component of WSOC, accounting for 39–99% of WSOC and the average concentration was 1.88±1.52 μg/m3. Two distinct periods with high carbonaceous speciess in PM2.5 were observed and characterized by their OC/EC ratios. The high concentration of OC with high ratio of OC/EC was due to the influence of a mixture of emissions from biomass burning and secondary formation transported from outside AI. While, the high concentrations of OC and EC with low OC/EC ratio were related to local vehicular emissions.
Trend Characteristics of Atmospheric Particulate Matters in Major Urban Areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Rana Masud , Khan Munjurul Hannan
Published: April 2020

The urban areas of Bangladesh suffer from severe air quality problem especially in dry season (November–April) when the PM concentrations frequently rise to 7–8 times of the WHO guideline value. The Clean Air and Sustainable Environment (CASE) Project of the Department of Environment has deployed countrywide continuous air monitoring systems to regularly monitor the air quality of the urban areas of Bangladesh. In this paper hourly concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 captured using β-attenuation method from 2013 to April 2018 in six important cities located in different regions of the country were exhaustively analyzed. Statistical analyses, diurnal and seasonal trends, and polar plots of PM concentrations were examined. Long range sources were spotted by Concentration Weighted Trajectory (CWT) method, where the trajectories were calculated using HYSPLIT-4 model. The analyses identified cities in the middle of the country (Dhaka, Narayanganj, Gazipur) as the most polluted ones while the city to the northeast region (Sylhet) was the least polluted. Average PM10 concentrations at Dhaka, Chattogram, Narayanganj, Gazipur, Sylhet and Barisal stations in dry seasons (November–April) were found 238.7±155.4, 190.7±108.5, 303.6±161.4, 227.3±142.7, 151.7±105.0 and 170.7±108.4 μg m−3 respectively whereas those in wet seasons (May–October) were 75.0±51.6, 55.5±40.8, 102.4±84.4, 60.6±48.5, 52.7±38.3, and 54.4±41.6 μg m−3 respectively. Correlative study of diurnal variations in PM concentrations and meteorological parameters revealed that the congenial meteorology aided in developing higher concentrations of both PM10 and PM2.5 during nighttime. Sources located to the northwestern districts (Naogao, Rangpur, Bogura) were traced by the CWT method contributing to the air pollution in other regions of the country. Outside the boundary, sources in Nepal, and Delhi-NCR and Uttar Pradesh regions of India could have contributed to fine particles at the middle of the country.
Missing Value Imputation for PM10 Concentration in Sabah using Nearest Neighbour Method (NNM) and Expectation-Maximization (EM) Algorithm
Authors: Rumaling Muhammad Izzuddin , Chee Fuei Pien , Dayou Jedol , Chang Jackson Hian Wui , Kong Steven Soon Kai , Sentian Justin
Published: April 2020

Missing data in large data analysis has affected further analysis conducted on dataset. To fill in missing data, Nearest Neighbour Method (NNM) and Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm are the two most widely used methods. Thus, this research aims to compare both methods by imputing missing data of air quality in five monitoring stations (CA0030, CA0039, CA0042, CA0049, CA0050) in Sabah, Malaysia. PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic size below 10 microns) dataset in the range from 2003–2007 (Part A) and 2008–2012 (Part B) are used in this research. To make performance evaluation possible, missing data is introduced in the datasets at 5 different levels (5%, 10%, 15%, 25% and 40%). The missing data is imputed by using both NNM and EM algorithm. The performance of both data imputation methods is evaluated using performance indicators (RMSE, MAE, IOA, COD) and regression analysis. Based on performance indicators and regression analysis, NNM performs better compared to EM in imputing data for stations CA0039, CA0042 and CA0049. This may be due to air quality data missing at random (MAR). However, this is not the case for CA0050 and part B of CA0030. This may be due to fluctuation that could not be detected by NNM. Accuracy evaluation using Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) shows that NNM is more accurate imputation method for most of the cases.
Cultural Globalization and Human Security
Authors: Pieczywok Andrzej
Published: April 2020

We live in a world of great opportunities, but also of boundless demands. It is generally
agreed that the 21st century would be a century of culture. Globalization of culture is an important
element of social globalization. This process should be understood as a formation of
various relationships and dependencies between societies and their cultures. Globalization
of culture entails a change in values and norms, a disturbance of social memory, and shallow
culture. Presently culture has become a consumer culture, and it is created by the world of
media and the Internet.
The article is an important voice in a wider discussion on the impact of cultural globalism
on human security. The author is convinced that cultural globalism to the greatest extent
affects human personality and social hazards. An important part of it is the description of
personal security, in which human subjectivity, freedom and responsibility of cultural threats
play a significant role.
Investigation of thermomechanical
processes in miniature membrane
elastic elements
Authors: Tykhan M. , Dilay I. , Markina O. , Markovych V.
Published: April 2020

Purpose: The demand for the devices structures reliability and machines requires
understanding elements operation, in particular elastic elements, under the effect of nonstationary
temperature factors. Therefore, it is important to investigate the behaviour of
these elements under variable temperature effecting.
Design/methodology/approach: In this article, the temperature field and the thermal
stresses of the membrane type elastic elements, as well as the thermal deformation of its
body part were investigated by the method of numerical analysis. The theoretical results
have experimental confirmation.
Findings: The article shows possibilities significantly reduce the thermal stress in an elastic
element, thereby increase its functional and structural reliability by varying the geometric
parameters of the elastic element, the materials selection, and body shape.
Research limitations/implications: Numerical modelling of thermal processes requires
accurate information about the physico-mechanical properties of materials and heat-exchange
coefficient, which in practice may differ from the theoretical ones. Therefore, experimental
confirmation of research and decisions is needed. The influence of the "hot" thermal shock
was investigated. There is performed interest to investigate the "cold" thermal shock.
Practical implications: The obtained results allow creating elastic elements with better
functional characteristics for operation in a wide temperature range. They can also be used
in the designing of elastic elements not only of membrane type.
Originality/value: Performed investigation of thermomechanical processes in the membrane
elastic element has revealed important features of its temperature deformations with nonstationary
thermal influence. Namely, the nature of thermal deformations can be changed by
selecting the geometrical parameters of the element, its material, as well as the conditions of
heat-exchange conditions with mating member (body). In this way, it is possible to obtain a
controlled deformation and to design the elastic elements with predetermined functional tasks.
On the other hand, the design of the membrane element body can create elastic hinges,
which allows reducing the thermal stress in the membrane, which significantly increases the
reliability of the element operation of this type in conditions of non-stationary temperatures.
In general, the conducted investigations allow efficient design of elastic elements for
devices, sensors and other precision mechanisms.
Der aussergerichtliche Debt-Equity-Swap – Empirische Analyse der Anreizfaktoren der einzelnen Akteure zur Beteiligung am Debt-Equity-Swap
Authors: Helms Nils
Published: April 2020

Im Rahmen des Beitrags werden die Zustimmungsanreize der Gesellschafter und der Gläubiger zu einem aussergerichtlichen Debt-Equity-Swap analysiert. Die empirische Untersuchung basiert auf einer Dokumentenanalyse in Verbindung mit strukturierten Experteninterviews. Es zeigt sich, dass bereits im Vorfeld einer Debt-Equity-Swap Durchführung Entwicklungen auf Gläubiger- und Gesellschafterseite eintreten, die für die spätere Zustimmung entscheidend sind. Finanzinvestoren nehmen aufgrund ihrer spezifischen Motivation sowohl als Altgesellschafter als auch als Gläubiger eine beson- dere Stellung für den Durchführungserfolg ein. Weiterhin hängt die erfolgreiche Durchführung des Swaps gemäss der recherchierten Dokumente und der geführten Interviews zentral von der zumindest anteiligen Einflussmöglichkeit der Altgesellschafter auf Unternehmensentscheidungen nach Realisierung des Swaps ab. Bei Gläubigern ist die Anlageeinstellung von besonderer Bedeutung für die Zustimmung zum Debt-Equity-Swap. Weiterhin konnte auf Basis der aktuellen Rechtssituation der Hold-out Value als Anreizproblem zur Zustimmung verifiziert werden, wobei sich mit der diesjährig verabschiedeten EU-Richtlinie zur Restrukturierung und Insolvenz dieses Problem verringern dürfte.
What Can Philosophy Learn from Improvisational Theater?
Authors: Preston-Roedder Erica ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2020

Can we learn about philosophical practice, and philosophical teaching, by examining an apparently very different discipline—improvisational theater? The short answer: yes! In particular, a consideration of improvisational theater reveals four values—play/playfulness, physicality, ensemble, and inclusivity—all of which have a role in philosophical practice and pedagogy. First, we can think of philosophy as a form of intellectual play, where theatrical techniques demonstrate that play can deepen the focus of our students. Second, philosophical teaching can be done in ways that productively utilize physicality in order to maintain focus or allow students to express their ideas through their bodies. Third, philosophical practice, and teaching, should aim to establish ensemble, which can be understood as a social configuration which establishes equality in terms of mutual dependence and responsiveness. Finally, inclusivity in the philosophical classroom can be heightened through the use of appropriately adapted improvisational techniques. In addition to laying the conceptual groundwork to understand the connection between improvisational theater and philosophy, this essay includes a number of specific exercises for instructors who wish to introduce these techniques to the classroom.
Pre-Reflective vs. Reflexive Self-Awareness
Authors: Horgan Terry ,   ProtoSociology Project
Published: April 2020

In this paper I propose an account pre-reflective self-awareness, both vis-à-vis onself and vis-à-vis one’s own phenomenally conscious mental states and processes. I argue that pre-reflective self-awareness is a form of acquaintance with oneself and with one’s phenomenal states that is distinctively direct in this sense: it is not mediated by mental representations of those states or of oneself. I also argue that there is an important kind of reflective self-awareness that is reflexive, in this sense: it involves mental representations of one’s phenomenally conscious states, and of oneself, in which pre-reflective self-awareness plays a distinctive contributory role—a role I call ‘direct self-presentation’.
Higher-Order Theories of Consciousness and the Heidelberg Problem
Authors: Weisberg Josh ,   ProtoSociology Project
Published: April 2020

It is widely held that consciousness is partially constituted by a “pre-reflective” self-consciousness. Further, it’s argued that the presence of pre-reflective self-consciousness poses a problem for “higher-order” theories of consciousness. Higher-order theories invoke reflective representation and so do not appear to have the resources to explain pre-reflective self-consciousness. This criticism is rooted in the Heidelberg School’s deep reflection on the nature of self-consciousness, and accordingly, I will label this challenge the “Heidelberg problem.” In this chapter, I will offer a higher-order answer to the Heidelberg problem. Instead of attacking the problem head-on, I’ll argue that the view can explain why there appears to be a Heidelberg problem, even if consciousness is ultimately realized by higher-order representation. But I’ll also argue that the theory has indexical resources to more directly counter the Heidelberg problem. Either way, I hope to show that the higher-order theory survives its trip to Heidelberg.
Pre-Reflective Self-Awareness in Psychotic Disorders
Authors: Heinz Andreas ,   ProtoSociology Project
Published: April 2020

Disorders of the self figure prominently in psychotic experiences. Subjects de­scribe that “alien” thoughts are inserted in their mind by foreign powers, can sometimes hear their thoughts aloud or describe complex voices interacting with each other. Such experiences can be conceptualized in the framework of a Philosophical Anthropology, which suggests that human experience is characterized by centric and excentric positionality: subjects experience their environment centered around their enlived body and at the same time can reflect upon their place in a shared lifeworld from an excentric point of view. Pre-reflective self awareness has been suggested to ensure that subjects can identify their own thoughts or actions as belonging to themselves, even when they reflect upon them from an excentric point of view. This pre-reflective self awareness appears to be impaired during psychotic experiences, when subjects no longer identify thoughts in their own stream of consciousness as belonging to themselves and instead attribute them to an outside agent. Among several potential causes, it is suggested that such impairments can be due to discrimi­natory or traumatic experiences, which affect the enlived (centric) position of a person and make her feel encircled and deeply threatened by aversive powers. As a consequence, the afflicted individual may fundamentally distance herself from her current centric position in a hostile environment, at the price of experiencing her own thoughts or actions as alien. Philosophical Anthropology may thus help to explain how social exclusion, discrimination and traumatization can promote psychotic experiences and why social support is of primary importance for any treatment of psychosis.
Pre-Reflectivite Self-Consciousness as a Bodily Trait
Authors: Borner Marc ,   ProtoSociology Project
Published: April 2020

A theory of pre-reflective self-consciousness (TOPS) can be made fruitful if pre-reflectivity is understood as a bodily trait. This approach helps to overcome certain blurry definitions of pre-reflective self-consciousness (PrSCs) from the past, and can aid to a philosophical explanation of self-consciousness, which also goes in line with many psychological and cognitive neuro-scientific find­ings. Especially it can help to understand certain pathologies like neurodegenerative, affective or psychotic disorders from a different angle and thus might help to bring new insights into these fields.
Nonconceptual Self-Awareness and the Constitution of Referential Self-Consciousness
Authors: Lang Stefan ,   ProtoSociology Project
Published: April 2020

This essay argues that persons not only have nonconceptual bodily self-awareness and nonconceptual mental anonymous self-awareness but also, at least if they produce the expression ‘I’, nonconceptual mental egological self-awareness. It contains information of ‘I’ being produced by oneself. It is argued that this can be seen if we examine the constitution of referential self-consciousness, i.e. the consciousness of being the referent of ‘I’ oneself. The main argument is: A. It is not possible to explain the constitution of referential self-consciousness if it is not assumed that persons have nonconceptual mental egological self-awareness. B. It is possible to explain the constitution of referential self-consciousness if it is assumed that persons have nonconceptual mental egological self-awareness. C. Thus it is reasonable to assume that persons have nonconceptual mental egological self-awareness. The justification of the thesis that persons have nonconceptual mental egological self-awareness is presented while discussing Tomis Kapitan’s analysis of conceptual egological self-consciousness. Conceptual egological self-consciousness contains infor­mation of being a subject oneself. It is argued that it is not possible to explain the constitution of referential self-consciousness with the help of Kapitan’s interpretation of conceptual self-consciousness. However, it is possible to ex­plain the constitution of referential self-consciousness within the framework of Kapitan’s account if it is assumed that persons have nonconceptual mental egological self-awareness.
The Logic of Conspiracy Thought
Authors: Roniger Luis , Senkman Leonardo ,   ProtoSociology Project
Published: April 2020

This article analyzes the logic of conspiracy theories, stressing that it would be erroneous to assume that such theories about collusions and intrigues are irrational in nature. On the contrary, they operate on a logic that is no less coherent than scientific discourse, although it differs from the latter in its verification and discard methodology as well as in its mobilizing role. Being part of a larger research that explains the recurrent spread of conspiracy narratives in one region of the world, elucidating their historical and contemporary conditions of crystallization, the article claims that such research agenda has universal appeal, particularly in an era of institutional distrust and changes in the structure of information diffusion.
Reflexivity, Transparency, and Illusionism
Authors: Zahavi Dan ,   ProtoSociology Project
Published: April 2020

The notion of pre-reflective self-awareness is much more accepted today than 20 years ago and has become part of the standard repertoire in philosophy of mind. The notion’s increasing popularity has not surprisingly also led to an increasing amount of criticism. My focus in the present contribution will be on a particular radical objection that can be found in Jay Garfield’s book Engaging Buddhism. It seeks to undercut the appeal to pre-reflective self-awareness by arguing that there ultimately is no such thing as phenomenal consciousness.
Retributivism and Victim Compensation
Authors: Lippke Richard L. ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: April 2020

Given the desert-centric character of retributive penal theory, it seems odd that its supporters rarely discuss the undeserved losses and suffering of crime victims and the state’s role in responding to them. This asymmetry in the desert-focus of retributive penal theory is examined and the likely arguments in support of it are found wanting. Particular attention is paid to the claim that offenders, rather than the state, should supply compensation to victims. Also, standard retributive accounts of why the deserving should be punished are shown to support state-supplied victim compensation.
Gestão de pessoas no serviço público: avaliação de desempenho nas organizações públicas estaduais
Authors: Ferreira Lucas Maximiano , Guimarães Júnior Ernani de Souza , Moreira Alessandro Messias
Published: April 2020

Este estudo aborda a avaliação de desempenho realizada no estado de Minas Gerais. Tal abordagem se justifica em analisar as bases teóricas e jurídicas que regulamenta a avaliação de desempenho do servidor público estadual dentro da administração pública. O propósito deste estudo que tem como tema central a gestão de pessoas no setor público estadual, em especial quanto à avaliação de desempenho, é caracterizar a avaliação de desempenho realizada pelo governo de Minas Gerais.  Utilizou-se como metodologia para alcançar o objetivo a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Como resultado constatou-se que o governo estadual em questão faz uso da ferramenta de avaliação por comissões onde um grupo seleto de pessoas é responsável pela coordenação e retorno ao final do processo avaliativo. A avaliação de desempenho propicia ao serviço prestado um controle de qualidade, pois além de avaliar o comportamento do colaborador avalia suas habilidades e competências. Os dados são utilizados como subsídios de futuras ações, o que caracteriza a gestão do desempenho.
Comment la condamnation d’une forme de concurrence fiscale peut en favoriser d’autres ?1
Authors: Latulippe Lyne , St-Cerny-Gosselin Julie
Published: April 2020

Dans le cadre du projet sur l’érosion de la base d’imposition et le transfert des bénéfices (Base Erosion and Profit Shifting – BEPS) lancé en 2013, l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques (OCDE) a spécifiquement exprimé des préoccupations concernant les régimes préférentiels pour le revenu généré par la propriété intellectuelle et a recommandé que ces régimes requièrent que les bénéficiaires poursuivent des activités économiques réelles pour éviter qu’un régime soit assimilé à une pratique fiscale dommageable. L’adoption par plusieurs pays de régimes de propriété intellectuelle conformes à la recommandation de l’OCDE illustre l’effet de substitution entre les formes de concurrence fiscale et pourrait accroître la pression sur d’autres pratiques de concurrence fiscale.
«Paine pour joie». La divisa de Pere de Portugal, un príncep de la tardana edat mitjana
Authors: Molina Figueras Joan
Published: April 2020

Les divises van sorgir a finals del segle XIV amb l’objectiu de superar les limitacions del sistema heràldic, subjecte a un codi massa rígid i concebut exclusivament per traslladar conceptes dinàstics i de llinatge. Aquest estudi proposa una dissecció de l’autèntic «alter ego» literari i estètic escollit pel noble Pere de Portugal, efímer rei dels catalans (1464-1466). La cartografia de la seva divisa, present a tota mena d’espais arquitectònics i objectes personals i institucionals, revela que en va fer un ús extraordinàriament intensiu, primer a Portugal i, més tard, a Catalunya. Darrera la majoria d’aquestes manifestacions hi palpiten el desig de legitimació i un fort sentit estètic. Però per damunt de tot la voluntat d’expressar una màxima moral, connectada amb la literatura cavalleresca o especular, inspirada, entre d’altres, en els corrents de la filosofia moral pagana (Sèneca i Boeci) i dels humanistes del tres-cents italià. Només així podem entendre que la divisa Paine pour joie, com altres fórmules emblemàtiques semblants, és fruit de les inquietuds i els anhels intel·lectuals d’un cavaller tardomedieval més que el reflex-sublimació de les seves experiències biogràfiques.
El multilingüisme a l’escola: tendències educatives i nous reptes
Authors: Portolés Laura
Published: April 2020

Aquest article tracta sobre les tendències educatives actuals i els nous reptes que l’educació multilingüe planteja. Es presenta la situació lingüística actual a la gran majoria de centres educatius on vàries llengües coexisteixen dins i fora de l’aula. S’expliquen les diferents tendències educatives lligades al foment del multilingüisme, com ara la importància del manteniment de les llengües pròpies de l’alumnat,la incorporació de l’anglés a una edat primerenca i els nous enfocaments metodològics en l’ensenyament de llengües, com són els programes CLIL i EMI. S’exposa un nou paradigma emergent en el camp del multilingüisme, anomenat translanguaging, que adopta per primera vegada un enfocament purament multilingüe i incorpora la recerca avantguardista en adquisició de llengües addicionals i competència multilingüe. Es conclou amb una sèrie de valoracions sobre didàctica multilingüe i futures línies de recerca.
Aprendre anglès per a parlar amb el món: reflexions al voltant de l’ensenyament de l’anglès com a llengua franca global
Authors: Llurda Enric
Published: April 2020

Aquest article explora les implicacions de la dimensió global de l’anglès com a llengua franca mundial a l’hora d’ensenyar aquesta llengua en el nostre entorn educatiu. S’hi argumenta la necessitat de transcendir el paradigma del parlant nadiu com a model d’aprenentatge i ensenyament per a caminar cap a un model basat en l’usuari competent de la llengua, i s’aprofundeix en la figura del professor ideal des d’aquest punt de vista, així com els reptes que comporta a l’hora d’avaluar la competència lingu?ística i d’introduir-hi també la competència intercultural.
Josep Sancho, «Artur Bladé, escriure la memòria (1907-1995)», Valls, Cossetània Edicions / Centre d’Estudis de la Ribera d’Ebre, 2018, 488 p.
Authors: Madí Besalú Pol
Published: April 2020

Ressenya sobre el llibre de Josep Sancho, Artur Bladé, escriure la memòria (1907-1995), Valls, Cossetània Edicions / Centre d’Estudis de la Ribera d’Ebre, 2018, 488 pp., ISBN: 978-84-9034-752-2.
Cuadro de mando integral para la gestión del impacto social en organizaciones de empleo inclusivo
Authors: Murillo Perez Lina Maria
Published: April 2020

Los retos que presentan las organizaciones sociales en cuanto a la medición y visibilización del impacto social van en incremento. Las progresivas demandas de las comunidades, el mercado y la cooperación público-privada, exigen mayores esfuerzos en la búsqueda de eficacia y eficiencia de la acción social. Ante las múltiples debilidades en la planificación estratégica y los inexistentes o inadecuados sistemas de medición y control, que permitan conocer y gestionar los resultados de manera efectiva, se hace necesario proponer herramientas de gestión acopladas a las características, recursos y capacidades internas de estas organizaciones. El presente estudio busca desarrollar un instrumento para la gestión del impacto social de organizaciones o proyectos que tienen como misión fomentar el empleo inclusivo. La herramienta propuesta es una adaptación del Mapa Estratégico y el Cuadro de Mando Integral (CMI) a la empresa social. Como resultado del proyecto, se propone un CMI de 54 indicadores, cuantitativos y cualitativos, asociados a 21 objetivos estratégicos, en su mayoría, comunes a las organizaciones que trabajan por el empleo inclusivo. Dichos indicadores se definen a partir del análisis estratégico de dos organizaciones/proyectos que trabajan por la inclusión socio-laboral de colectivos vulnerables y, además, del análisis de diversas metodologías o enfoques ampliamente utilizados en la evaluación de desempeño social. Después de validar la herramienta, se concluye que su adopción puede resultar en diversos beneficios para las entidades sociales, no solo para la planificación y control de resultados, sino también para la tarea comunicativa y de rendición de cuentas.