bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of leadership and participation
Authors: Gallardo Rita M.
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to offer pointers to local government executives on the qualities of leadership that drive social innovation (SI) as well as locate the roles of leadership and participation in the output and outcome of SI. Further, the findings of the study can hopefully contribute to the discourse on leadership for a sustainable future.

Design/methodology/approach

The purpose of the study was to highlight the forms of participation among the actors in the different stages of SI, the qualities of the leaders that drove SI and the roles of leadership and participation in the output and outcome of SI. To answer the research questions, the researcher applied the case study research design and employed the grounded theory approach for data analysis and interpretation.

Findings

The cases showed leadership that encourages, as leadership qualities of the governors. These were manifested in terms of being empowering, giving the freehand, being goal-oriented, resource mobilizer, consultative and practicing both bottom-up and top-bottom approaches to make sure that the outputs are achieved, as well as having the qualities of a supportive leader. The cases showed all three employed forms of participation, as categorized by Lowndes et al. (2001). Government can indeed foster innovation when there is close involvement and participation of the workforce in innovation. Leadership and participation play a big role in achieving output and outcome of SI.

Originality/value

The study is a review of the unpublished dissertation by Gallardo (2014) at the National College of Public Administration and Governance, University of the Philippines.
Connecting personality traits to social networking site addiction: the mediating role of motives
Authors: Chen Adela , Roberts Nicholas
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether four motives – conformity, enhancement, social and coping – mediate relationships between four personality types – agreeableness, extraversion, neuroticism and openness to experience – and social networking site (SNS) addiction. Impulse control is included as a moderator.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses a survey to collect data at two points in time from 304 SNS users. Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis.

Findings

Empirical results show that conformity, enhancement and coping motives act as mediators between various personality types and SNS addiction. Furthermore, impulse control weakens the effects of two motives – enhancement and social – on SNS addiction.

Research limitations/implications

The research model included only four motives. Future research could investigate other motivational mechanisms and moderators. The research method surveyed university students in the USA; thus, results may not generalize to a different user population. The method also included only one SNS, Facebook.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to the literature by showing that motives of SNS use connect personality to SNS addiction. This study also shows that self-reflective factors like impulse control can reduce the positive effects of motives on SNS addiction.
A liminal approach to parents in leadership positions in schools with students of high socioeconomic background in Israel
Authors: Addi-Raccah Audrey , Friedman Noa
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Parents’ collective involvement in their children’s education takes the form of holding leadership positions in schools. Employing the concept of liminality, which is used in anthropological and sociological approaches, the purpose of this paper is to explore the features of parent leadership in schools (PLS).

Design/methodology/approach

Interviews were conducted with 18 individuals: 11 chairpersons and 7 members of the parent leadership of 11 primary schools in Israel attended by students of high socioeconomic backgrounds.

Findings

Data analyses disclose PLS as a liminal framework, which constitutes both formal and informal dimensions, whether these be its in-school limited activities or out-of-school actions in introducing change and supporting the institutions. PLS’s functions are restricted by school principals, but simultaneously enhance school principals’ position.

Practical implications

The study’s findings carry implications for school collaboration with external entities. School principals need to support PLS and keep encouraging entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation. There is a need for acknowledging the value of PLS’s contributions whereas policy makers must provide more guidelines and support to parent leaders.

Originality/value

The study focuses on exploring the position of collective parental involvement in schools. This issue is of significance in a time where parents gain more responsibility over their children’s education and schools support more collaborative relationships with external agencies. The study highlights the benefits of parents in leadership positions for school benefits and for school principals’ legitimacy, from the approach of liminality.
Pride festivals as a space of self-expression: tourism, body and place
Authors: Kaygalak-Celebi Sonay , Kaya Sehriban , Ozeren Emir , Gunlu-Kucukaltan Ebru
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the authentic experiences and sense-making processes of LGBTQ+ participants of Amsterdam Pride as well as their bodily and spatial interactions that arise during the festival.

Design/methodology/approach

By taking a critical, poststructuralist stance on pride festivals and drawing on 40 in-depth interviews and participant observation, the data are subjected to an inductive, qualitative, thematic content analysis for key themes.

Findings

Amsterdam Pride provides distinct spaces for LGBTQ+ individuals to express their carnivalesque bodily practices freely. While Pride offers an existential authentic experience by creating spaces for LGBTQ+ individuals where they can be themselves, the participants exhibit their “authentic” identities freely only within limited time and space that are not separated from the heteronormative order. Pride is increasingly perceived by LGBTQ+ participants as an arena for demonstrating their “normality”. Thus, the paper “signposts” greater political tensions between the queer movement and growing normalisation/citizenship trends among LGBTQ+ individuals.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to a growing body of knowledge around issues of LGBTQ+ identities within the context of an oppressive heteronormative social order. It also reinforces the need for pride festivals for embracing queer, disruptive, sexually dissident expressions of identity as well as continuing transgressive and sexually dissident spaces. This study fills a significant void in the mainstream festival and event management literature and contributes to the theoretical development of festival and critical tourism research by identifying aspects of LGBTQ+ tourists’ authentic experiences at Amsterdam Pride.
Sustainable smart specialisation of small-island tourism countries
Authors: Bhaduri Korak , Pandey Shivendra
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) development and terrestrial and marine protection on the economic and environmental sustainability of small-island tourism countries. The current study expands the smart specialisation literature in the context of small-island tourism nations. It also proposes sustainable future growth strategies for these countries.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper adopted structural equation modelling using the data of 14 island nations between 1995 and 2014. The selection of countries was based on a set of criteria borrowed from literature.

Findings

The results indicate that the development of ICT infrastructure was not only associated with a higher inflow of tourists and a higher GDP per capita but also with a higher carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. Results also suggest that higher protection of terrestrial and marine areas has no impact on tourist inflows in tourism countries. Also, higher protection decreases the dependence of the total output on the tourism sector.

Research limitations/implications

A limitation of this study is the lack of available macro data on some other relevant variables for the countries studied.

Social implications

Following the findings of this study, the governments of these countries should make stringent environmental regulations and relax the telecom regulations for sustainable smart specialisation.

Originality/value

This study presents a novel insight into the sustainability challenge of island nations through the lens of smart specialisation. It also contributes to the literature on ICT and development.
Cylindrical slicing and path planning of propeller in wire and arc additive manufacturing
Authors: Wang Rui , Zhang Haiou , Gui-Lan Wang , Zhao Xushan
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a promising technology, but the parts are mostly manufactured on the plane and along the vertical direction. The purpose of this paper is to propose a cylindrical slicing and manufacturing method.

Design/methodology/approach

For revolved parts, e.g. blades of a propeller, instead of planes, a series of cylindrical surfaces intersect with the STL model of the part. The generated slicing layers lie on the cylindrical surface, and then these spatial contours are unfolded onto the plane by the use of the cylindrical coordinate system. A deposition system based on an NC machine is established to examine deposition paths. The temperature and stress of part of two deposition orders are analyzed using the finite element method.

Findings

The scan parallel path and contour offset path are not suitable to fabricate blades directly. The hybrid of two types of paths and the hybrid of skeleton and contour offset paths are capable of forming blades without gaps. Deposition symmetrically can decrease the deformation of the propeller.

Originality/value

The slicing algorithm is simply implemented and practicable for any parts. The recognition of gaps and supplementary skeleton path can guarantee the full deposition of contour offset paths.
Action research and participatory democracy in social enterprise
Authors: Gleerup Janne , Hulgaard Lars , Teasdale Simon
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the reader to the Nordic tradition of Critical Utopian Action Research (CUAR) and to demonstrate how CUAR might reinvigorate participatory democracy as an intrinsic characteristic of social enterprise. This leads us to sketch out the beginnings of how researchers might work with communities to help realise their democratic impulses through social enterprise.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper aims to synthesise the participatory action research literature, particularly CUAR, with literature on social enterprise and democracy to demonstrate how the two approaches might fruitfully be combined.

Findings

The authors show how CUAR might be utilised by researchers, to articulate new social enterprise organisational responses to local problems or to reinvigorate democracy within existing social enterprises.

Originality/value

This exploratory paper marks (we believe) the first attempt to bring together social enterprise and CUAR.
Examining the effects of CE and BE on consumers’ purchase intention toward green apparels
Authors: Joshi Yatish , Srivastava Anugamini Priya
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of customer engagement (CE) on green apparel purchase intention (GPI) among young consumers in India.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was performed on 460 young consumers. Structural equation modeling was applied to check the extent to which the considered variables predicted green purchase intention.

Findings

The results determined CE and social influence as key predictors of consumers’ purchase intention toward green apparel products. Study further confirms that CE mediates the association between brand experience (BE) and purchase intention toward green apparels.

Research limitations/implications

Data were collected from young consumers. Further the impact of only few determinants was studied.

Practical implications

The study offers deep insights into the role of CE on consumers’ GPI, which may enable managers to plan suitable marketing plans to encourage such intentions.

Social implications

The outcomes of this study can be used by managers to incorporate CE strategies in their environmental campaigns for promoting green purchasing practices. Such activities may limit the harmful effect of purchasing practices on the nature.

Originality/value

The current study is a pioneer in examining the role of CE and BE on GPI of consumers in India.
Inclusion and SEN coaching: how accelerated learning and ‘workplace’ immersion can help develop core sport coaching skills
Authors: Crisp Philippe
Published: October 2019

In terms of best practice, the debate concerning SEN and disability sports coaching continues to be a contested area that many believe warrants further investigation (Townsend, Smith, and Cushion, 2015). Alongside this, higher education institutions (HEIs) in the UK continue to develop courses for sports coaches that emphasise reflection as a key component of student learning (Crisp, 2018). Through the use of a qualitative design and method, this study examines the use of a prolonged community engagement programme for UK college pupils with SEN and disabilities as a mechanism within which 25 student‐coaches could facilitate learning and reflection. Of most note, the student‐coaches’ perspectives and reflections on how coaching within the SEN and disability context could ‘accelerate’ their learning is presented.
Acquiring Feedback from Students in Co‐Taught Classes
Authors: King‐Sears Margaret E. , Brawand Anne , Johnson Todd M.
Published: October 2019

Acquiring feedback from students with and without disabilities about their experiences in co‐taught settings can provide valuable information to co‐teachers. In this article, informal surveys, interviews, and illustrations, derived from research, are described for co‐teachers to acquire feedback from students. Examples of queries and response formats are provided. Emphasis is also on co‐teachers using students’ feedback to maintain effective practices and make instructional refinements.
Population‐based interventions addressing food insecurity in Australia: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Yii Vivien , Palermo Claire , Kleve Sue
Published: October 2019

Aim

Food insecurity (FI) is a critical public health issue in Australia. Population‐based interventions aiming to address the socio‐ecological determinants of FI are critical for relieving and preventing it. This review aimed to map and summarise the characteristics of population‐based interventions addressing household and/or community FI in Australia.

Methods

A systematic scoping review was undertaken. Five databases, selected for range and relevance to FI in Australia (“CINAHL plus”, “Ovid MEDLINE”, “Sociological Abstracts”, “Australian Public Affairs Information Service”, and “Rural and Remote Health”) were searched in May 2018 using the terms and relevant synonyms “FI” and “interventions”. In addition a systematic grey literature search using multiple Google searches was undertaken. Data synthesis included categorisation and counting intervention type. Interventions were defined and charted by influence of at least one dimension of food security and impact on the socioeconomic, cultural and environmental conditions.

Results

A total of 3565 published and grey literature records were identified, with the final 60 records describing 98 interventions. Few national interventions were identified, with approaches predominantly in Victoria, Northern Territory and Tasmania. Determinants related to living and working environments, food availability and food utilisation were most frequently addressed. Interventions addressing the key determinant of FI economic access were limited. A number of interventions did not appear to be associated with rigorous evaluation.

Conclusions

While there is evidence of population responses to FI in Australia, the effectiveness of these remains limited. Importantly there is a lack of coordinated and coherent national responses that address the range of FI determinants.
The effect of different anthropogenic disturbances on litterfall of a dominant pioneer rain forest tree in Gabon
Authors: Midoko Iponga Donald , Mpikou Rykielle Grace J. , Loumeto Joël , Picard Nicolas
Published: October 2019

Tropical rain forests worldwide are affected by anthropogenic disturbances, and secondary forests that develop afterwards are often dominated by pioneer tree species, but the consequences of different anthropogenic disturbances on nutrient cycling are poorly understood. Because most nutrient cycling in tropical rain forests occurs through litterfall and in the soil organic layer, we measured litterfall of a widespread and dominant pioneer tree, okoume (Aucoumea klaineana, Burseraceae) in Gabon, in one forest previously disturbed by logging and in another by agriculture. Litterfall of okoume trees, measured over 14 months, was 18.2 Mg ha−1 year−1in the formerly logged forest, which was 72.6% greater than in the forest more recently disturbed by agriculture (10.6 Mg ha−1 year−1). Litter decomposition rates were more rapid in the formerly logged forest, and this may explain why litter thickness was 32% lower in the formerly logged forest, despite the greater litterfall within it. Our results highlight that two widespread anthropogenic disturbances in Gabonese rain forests have significantly different consequences on litterfall of a dominant tree and therefore are likely to have different effects on nutrient cycling and forest ecosystem function.
Dupilumab is very effective in a large cohort of difficult‐to‐treat adult atopic dermatitis patients: First clinical and biomarker results from the BioDay registry
Authors: Ariëns Lieneke F. M. , van der Schaft Jorien , Bakker Daphne S. , Balak Deepak , Romeijn Margreet L. E. , Kouwenhoven Tessa , Kamsteeg Marijke , Giovannone Barbara , Drylewicz Julia , van Amerongen Cynthia Catalina Aurora , Delemarre Evelien M. , Knol Edward F. , van Wijk Femke , Nierkens Stefan , Thijs Judith L. , Schuttelaar Marie L. A. , de Bruin‐Weller Marjolein S.
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Dupilumab has recently been approved for the treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in adults. Daily practice data on dupilumab treatment are scarce.

Objective

To study the effect of 16‐week treatment with dupilumab on clinical response and serum biomarkers in adult patients with moderate‐severe AD in daily practice.

Methods

Data were extracted from the BioDay registry, a prospective multicenter registry. Sixteen‐week clinical effectiveness of dupilumab was expressed as number of patients achieving EASI‐50 (Eczema Area and Severity Index) or EASI‐75, as well as patient‐reported outcomes measures (Patient‐Oriented Eczema Measure, Dermatology Life Quality Index, Numeric Rating Scale pruritus). Twenty‐one biomarkers were measured in patients treated with dupilumab without concomitant use of oral immunosuppressive drugs at five different time points (baseline, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks).

Results

In total, 138 patients treated with dupilumab in daily practice were included. This cohort consisted of patients with very difficult‐to‐treat AD, including 84 (61%) patients who failed treatment on ≥2 immunosuppressive drugs. At week 16, the mean percent change in EASI score was 73%. The EASI‐50 and EASI‐75 were achieved by 114 (86%) and 82 (62%) patients after 16 weeks of treatment. The most reported side effect was conjunctivitis, occurring in 47 (34%) patients. During dupilumab treatment, disease severity‐related serum biomarkers (TARC, PARC, periostin, and IL‐22), eotaxin‐1, and eotaxin‐3 significantly decreased.

Conclusion

Treatment with dupilumab significantly improved disease severity and decreased severity‐related serum biomarkers in patients with very difficult‐to‐treat AD in a daily practice setting.
Letter: should we delay surgery, or stop anti‐TNF therapy prior to elective surgical procedures in Crohn’s disease patients receiving anti‐TNF agents? Authors’ reply
Authors: Lin Yang‐Sheng , Chen Ming‐Jen , Lin Wei‐Chen , Wang Yuan‐Hung , Chen Chiehfeng
Published: October 2019

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Line et al and Yamamoto and Kotze papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15184 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15450.
The association of age with the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of colorectal cancer: a UK single‐centre retrospective study
Authors: Anele C. C. , Askari A. , Navaratne L. , Patel K. , Jenkin J. T. , Faiz O. D. , Latchford A.
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is uncommon in patients under the age of 40 years and its association with poor histological features and survival is uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate age‐related differences in clinicopathological features and prognosis in patients diagnosed with CRC.

Method

A single‐centre retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with CRC between 2004 and 2013 was performed. Patients were stratified into three age groups: (1) 18–40 years, (2) 41–60 years and (3)> 60 years. Clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes were compared between the three groups.

Results

A total of 1328 patients were included, of whom 57.2% were men. There were 28 (2.1%) patients in group 1, 287 (21.6%) in group 2 and 1013 (76.3%) in group 3. Group 1 had the highest proportion of rectal tumours (57.1% in group 1, 50.2% in group 2 and 31.9% in group 3; P < 0.001). Tumour histology and disease stage were comparable between the groups. Group 1 had significantly worse disease‐free survival (DFS) than the two older groups (44%, 78% and 77%, respectively; P = 0.022). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age was not an independent prognostic factor whereas Stage III disease [hazard ratio (HR) 4.42; 95% CI 2.81–6.94; P < 0.001] and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (HR 1.65; 95% CI 1.06–2.58; P = 0.026) were associated with increased risk of recurrence.

Conclusion

Patients under the age of 40 are more likely to present with rectal cancer and have comparable histological features than the older groups. Despite higher rates of adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment, the young group were found to have worse DFS.
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies associated disease: how important are B cells?
Authors: Hacohen Yael , Marignier Romain
Published: October 2019

This commentary is on the case series by Albassam et al. on pages 390–395 of this issue.
Mechanical and electromechanical properties of piezoelectric ceramic fibers drawn by the alginate gelation method
Authors: Mensur‐Alkoy Ebru , Kaya Mustafa Yunus , Sarı Huseyin Alptekin , Pekel Ozan , Olukkent Recep , Tur Yahya K. , Sebastian Tutu , Clemens Frank J. , Alkoy Sedat
Published: October 2019

Piezoelectric ceramic fibers are widely used in piezocomposite devices. The various methods that are used to draw ceramic fibers differ in the way the fiber form is obtained, which in return closely affects the density, uniformity and the properties of the fibers that are obtained at the end. In this study, the processing‐property relationship in the piezoceramic fibers drawn using the alginate gelation method is investigated, with a focus on the mechanical and electrical properties of individual fibers. Fibers with a Weibull strength of 65.3 MPa, remanent polarization of 22 μC/cm2 and a total bipolar field induced strain of 0.25% under an electric field of 2.5 kV/mm, piezoelectric coefficient of 300 pm/V and dielectric constant of 3323 were produced. 1‐3 piezocomposite devices prepared from these fibers had a 6 dB higher free‐field voltage sensitivity and a 50% wider bandwidth compared to a solid disk transducer of the same dimensions.
Relaciones laborales y medidas de ajuste frente a la crisis. Análisis microestadístico comparativo de Francia y Gran Bretaña
Authors: AMOSSÉ Thomas , ASKENAZY Philippe , CHEVALIER Martin , ERHEL Christine , PETIT Héloïse , REBÉRIOUX Antoine
Published: October 2019

En este estudio comparativo, los autores analizan los vínculos entre las relaciones laborales y los ajustes salariales o de plantilla tras la crisis de 2007–2008, a partir de dos encuestas comparables sobre empresas de Gran Bretaña (WERS) y de Francia (REPONSE) en 2010–2012. Pese a las diferencias contextuales (composición del tejido productivo, circunstancias temporales e intensidad de la crisis), los vínculos entre las relaciones laborales y las estrategias de ajuste son parecidos (la presencia sindical no logra evitar los ajustes). Por lo tanto, la diferenciación de los sistemas de relaciones laborales no permite explicar las divergencias entre las modalidades de ajuste a nivel macroeconómico.
El efecto de la polarización del mercado de trabajo sobre la inserción laboral de los estudiantes universitarios en la República de Corea. Repercusiones en el desempleo juvenil
Authors: CHUNG Sungyup
Published: October 2019

Se estima el efecto del entorno del mercado de trabajo y de las variables macroeconómicas sobre las decisiones y los indicadores laborales de los estudiantes universitarios en la República de Corea, según datos de la encuesta sobre movilidad laboral de los graduados para 2005–2013. Los resultados indican que la polarización del mercado de trabajo, medida con el índice de polarización de Chung y Jung (2016), incide significativamente en el desempleo nominal y encubierto (por la prolongación de la etapa estudiantil y el traslado de universidad) de los universitarios. Se concluye que la estructura del mercado de trabajo es un elemento fundamental para entender el desempleo juvenil.
Lack of habitat segregation and no interspecific territoriality in three syntopic cryptic species of the golden‐spectacled warblers Phylloscopus (Seicercus) burkii complex
Authors: Opaev Alexey , Kolesnikova Yulia
Published: October 2019

It is widely accepted that exploitative competition prevents the coexistence of any two or more closely‐related species unless differences exists in their ecological niches and resource use. In sibling bird species, exploitative competition is reduced mainly by spatial segregation of competing species. Spatial segregation can be achieved in two basic ways: by using different habitats or microhabitats that each species is predominately exploiting, or by interspecific territoriality. To our knowledge, either habitat segregation or interspecific territoriality or both have been found in all dyads and groups of sympartic sibling bird species studied so far. In this study, we investigated the coexistence of three cryptic sibling species of the golden‐spectacled warblers Phylloscopus burkii complex in Hunan Province, China: Ph. tephrocephalus, Ph. omeiensis and Ph. valentini. We analyzed their habitat preferences, and spatial interrelations between the species. In order to analyze either presence or absence of interspecific territoriality, we additionally performed con‐ and heterospecific playback experiments. Contrary to expectations, we found no evidences for either habitat segregation or interspecific territoriality in these three species.
Alopecia totalis and universalis long‐term outcomes: a review
Authors: Burroway B. , Griggs J. , Tosti A.
Published: October 2019

Alopecia totalis (AT) and universalis (AU) represent the most severe subtypes of alopecia areata with more dramatic features and worse prognosis. The goal of this review is to identify all studies with long‐term prognostic data on patients with AT and AU and provide a long‐term outcome estimate. The PubMed database was queried to identify all articles discussing the long‐term prognosis of AT and AU. A total of nine articles discussing long‐term recovery rates of AT and AU were identified. The articles described 689 (162 = AT, 245 = AU, 282 = not specified) total patients. Six of the nine studies identified complete recovery as a potential end point in a total of 375 (39 = AT, 75 = AU, 261 = not specified) patients. According to these studies 8.5% (32/375) of AT and AU patients achieved complete recovery. A larger proportion of patients will obtain at least transient recovery periods of partial or total hair regrowth. The poor long‐term outcomes of AT and AU may cause patients to lose hope with treatment. Response to treatment is often unpredictable, and physicians should be aware of the prognosis and its effects in order to properly counsel patients.
Resistance to Streptococcus iniae and its genetic associations with traits of economic importance in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer)
Authors: Van Khang Pham , Van Nha Vo , Nguyen Nguyen Hong
Published: October 2019

Streptococcus iniae is one of the most serious aquatic pathogens, causing significant economic losses in marine and freshwater species, including Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer). Controlling this gram‐positive bacterial pathogen has been an issue in aquaculture systems, due to the combined effects of aquaculture intensification and climatic impacts. To date, there have not been any genetic parameter estimates for S. iniae resistance in Asian seabass. The main aim of this study was to examine genetic variation in S. iniae resistance and its genetic correlations with growth and cannibalism in Asian seabass families produced from a breeding programme for high growth in 2016 and 2017. The study included a total of 5,835 individual fish that were offspring of 41 sires and 60 dams (31 half‐sib and 34 full‐sib families). The experimental fish were challenged by intraperitoneal injection with a volume containing 105 CFU (colony‐forming unit)/fish. Resistance to S. iniae was measured as survival rate at 6 hr, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 days post‐challenge test. There were significant variations in S. iniae resistance among families at different observation periods (ranging from 24.4% to 80%). Restricted maximum‐likelihood method and mixed model analysis were applied to estimate heritability for S. iniae resistance. The heritability for S. iniae resistance ranged from 7% to 18% across different statistical models used. The common full‐sib effects accounted for 0.1%–2% of the total variation in resistance to S. iniae. Genetic correlations of the S. iniae resistance at 6 hr and 3 days with later post‐challenge test periods were low to moderate. However, these estimates for S. iniae resistance between successive measurement times (5, 7, 10 and 15 days) were high and close to 1. The genetic correlations of resistance with body weights at 180, 270 and 360 days post‐hatch were not significant as well with cannibalism. It is concluded that there is substantial additive genetic variation in resistance to S. iniae, suggesting there is potential for genetic improvement of Asian seabass for resistance to S. iniae through selective breeding.
Benefits of an advanced quantitative precipitation information system
Authors: Johnson Lynn E. , Cifelli Robert , White Allen
Published: October 2019

A reconnaissance‐level regional resource accounting approach was applied to quantify benefits associated with an advanced quantitative precipitation information (AQPI) system being developed for the San Francisco Bay area. The AQPI system would provide incrementally higher resolution monitoring of rainfall events and longer lead‐time forecasts compared to current practice. AQPI system costs were estimated to have initial costs of $66 M and $3.3 M annual operation and maintenance; these translate to a present value cost (at 10 years and 6%) of $90 M. Benefits were associated with avoided flood damages, increasing water supplies, and enhancement of ecological, recreational, and transportation services. Total incremental benefits are estimated to be $61 M/year. Taken by category about 48% of the benefits are for flood damage mitigation ($29 M/year), with water supply (32%, $19.5 M/year), ecosystem (3.3%, $2 M/year), recreation (7.6%, $4.6 M/year), and transportation (9.5%, $5.8 M/year). These translate to a present value benefit of $449 M which computes to a base‐level B/C ratio of 5 to 1. Sensitivity analysis indicates a range of B/C up to 10 and down to 2. Given that most of the benefits are dependent on appropriate actions by hazards and water management agencies and citizens, then the AQPI project development involves outreach and training to maximize responses.
Dedicated to the Mission: Strategies US Department of Veterans Affairs Home‐Based Primary Care Teams Apply to Keep Veterans at Home
Authors: Haverhals Leah M. , Manheim Chelsea , Gilman Carrie , Karuza Jurgis , Olsan Tobie , Edwards Samuel T. , Levy Cari R. , Gillespie Suzanne M.
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Home‐Based Primary Care (HBPC) Program provides interdisciplinary, long‐term primary care for frail, disabled, or chronically ill veterans. This research identifies strategies used by HBPC teams to support veterans in their homes, rather than in institutionalized care.

DESIGN

Focus groups and semistructured interviews were conducted with HBPC interdisciplinary team (IDT) members, including program directors, medical directors, and key staff, from September 2017 to March 2018. Field observations were gathered during visits to veterans’ homes and IDT meetings.

SETTING

In‐person site visits were conducted at eight HBPC Programs across the United States. Sites varied in location, setting, and primary care model.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 105 HBPC professionals.

MEASUREMENT

Qualitative thematic content analysis.

RESULTS

Four main strategies drive and support the shared mission of IDTs to support veterans at home: fostering frequent communication among IDT members, veterans, caregivers, and outside agencies; development of longitudinal, trusting, reliable relationships within IDTs and with veterans and caregivers; ongoing, consistent education for IDT members and veterans and caregivers; and collaboration within and outside IDTs. Adhering to this mission meant providing timely and efficient care that kept veterans in their homes and minimized the need for acute hospitalizations and nursing home placement.

CONCLUSION

HBPC IDTs studied worked together across disciplines to effectively create a dedicated culture of caring for veterans, caregivers, and themselves, leading to keeping veterans at home. Focusing on the strategies identified in this research may be useful to achieve similar positive outcomes when caring for medically complex, homebound patients within and outside the VA. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2511–2518, 2019
Wnt5a is involved in LOX‐1 and TLR4 induced host inflammatory response in peri‐implantitis
Authors: Zhang Qian , Liu Jie , Ma Lei , Bai Na , Xu Huirong
Published: October 2019

Background and objective

Peri‐implantitis is a plaque‐associated pathological condition occurring in tissues around dental implants, characterized by inflammation in the peri‐implant mucosa and subsequent progressive loss of supporting bone. Wnt5a is the activating ligand of the non‐canonical Wnt signaling pathways and plays important roles in leukocyte infiltration and cytokine/ chemokine production in inflammatory disorders. Previous studies showed that Wnt5a was significantly up‐regulated in gingival tissues of chronic and aggressive periodontitis. However, the roles and the regulatory mechanisms of Wnt5a in peri‐implantitis are not well known.

Methods

The expression of Wnt5a in gingival tissues collected from 8 healthy implant patients and 8 peri‐implantitis patients was analyzed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Porphyromonas gingivalis infected macrophages isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy volunteers were used as an in vitro cellular model of peri‐implantitis. Using neutralizing antibodies, inhibitors and siRNA, the production and roles of Wnt5a in peri‐implantitis were assessed by immunofluorescence, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and Western blotting. Unpaired two‐tailed Student's t test was used to compare qRT‐PCR and Western blotting results. P ≤ .05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Wnt5a was highly expressed in the gingival tissues of peri‐implantitis patients. Compared to controls, Wnt5a increased in P gingivalis infected macrophages. Wnt5a production in response to P gingivalis infection was dependent on LOX‐1 and TLR4. Compared to controls, Wnt5a knockdown impaired IL‐1β, MCP‐1, and MMP2 production induced by P gingivalis infection.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that Wnt5a is involved in LOX‐1 and TLR4 induced inflammatory signature via inflammatory cytokines production in response to P gingivalis infection. These findings demonstrate that Wnt5a maybe an important component of the host immune response in peri‐implantitis.
Fragmentation reduces the importance of niche‐based factors relative to dispersal traits in structuring temperate forest understories
Authors: Sonnier Grégory , Johnson Sarah E. , Waller Donald M.
Published: October 2019

Aim

The relative importance of stochastic and deterministic niche processes can affect the assembly of communities in response to land use context and change. In this study, we quantified the relative importance of dispersal‐ vs niche‐based processes in structuring forest plant metacommunities and sought to understand how these processes have changed in these forests over the past 50 years.

Location

Wisconsin, USA.

Methods

We used plant understorey community survey data in both the 1950s and 2000s from 142 upland forest stands in southern and northern Wisconsin forests to relate compositional similarity to geographic and environmental distances among sites (reflecting dispersal and niche‐based processes, respectively). We then partitioned the variance to determine their relative importance over time. Finally, we classified species into three dispersal groups based on seed mass, dispersal mode, and plant height to assess how these affect community structure.

Results

Both niche and dispersal processes influence the structure of Wisconsin's forest plant understories. Niche‐based processes related to environmental differences among sites dominate the mostly continuous northern upland forests. In contrast, dispersal processes dominate community assembly in the more fragmented southern upland forests. Dispersal processes increased in importance in both regions and especially in more fragmented southern upland forests over the past 50 years. We detected no differences among dispersal groups in how similarity decays with geographic distance.

Conclusions

In regions retaining heavy forest cover, niche‐based assembly still predominates while in areas with smaller scattered patches of forest, stochastic dispersal plays a greater role. Dispersal‐based processes increasingly dominate forest metacommunity dynamics in both regions.
Birdsbesafe® collar cover reduces bird predation by domestic cats (Felis catus)
Authors: Pemberton Catherine , Ruxton Graeme D.
Published: October 2019

The domestic cat (Felis catus) is one of the world’s most damaging invasive species, especially threatening to local bird populations. This study examined the efficacy of the Birdsbesafe® collar cover at reducing predation rates by household cats on avian populations. The vivid colours of the Birdsbesafe® collar cover are assumed to alert nearby birds to the cat’s presence, allowing them to escape safely. Overall, 19 cats were trialled over 8 weeks and the Birdsbesafe® collar cover resulted in a reduction of 78% in the number of birds killed. Further research is required into owner attitudes to collars in order to examine whether these collar‐based devices could be widely adopted.
Physiological characteristics and metabolomics reveal the tolerance mechanism to low nitrogen in Glycine soja leaves
Authors: Zhao Mingli , Guo Rui , Li Mingxia , Liu Yuan , Wang Xiaoxia , Fu Hui , Wang Shiyao , Liu Xueying , Shi Lianxuan
Published: October 2019

To explore the regulatory mechanisms involved in the adaption to nitrogen (N) deficiency of wild soybean, the ion balance, photosynthetic characteristics, metabolic and transcriptional changes in leaves of common and low N (LN)‐tolerant wild soybean seedlings under LN stress were determined. The LN‐tolerant wild soybean seedlings showed a stronger ability to maintain photosynthesis and nutrient balance than common wild soybean. A total of 52 differentially accumulated metabolites, mainly related to carbon and N metabolism, were identified between the control and the LN treatment group. In general, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, shikimic acid pathway, synthetase/glutamate synthase (GS/GOGAT) cycle and accumulation of most organic acids were enhanced in LN‐tolerant wild soybean, while reduced in common wild soybean under LN stress compared with their respective control group. Moreover, glycolysis, sugar and polyol and fatty acid metabolism increased in both wild soybean genotypes, and increased more in LN‐tolerant wild soybean. A total of 3381 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in leaves of both wild soybean genotypes and the expressed level of DEGs associated with sugars, polyols, fatty acids and energy metabolism was significantly higher in LN‐tolerant wild soybean than in common wild soybean, consistent with changes in metabolite level. Our results suggest new ideas for the study of LN tolerance of wild soybean and provide a theoretical basis for development and utilization of wild soybean resources.
A Joint Scoring Model for Peer-to-Peer and Traditional Lending: A Bivariate Model with Copula Dependence
Authors: Calabrese Raffaella , Osmetti Silvia Angela , Zanin Luca
Published: October 2019

We analyse the dependence between defaults in peer-to-peer lending and credit bureaus. To achieve this, we propose a new flexible bivariate regression model that is suitable for binary imbalanced samples. We use different copula functions to model the dependence structure between defaults in the two credit markets. We implement the model in the R package BivGEV and we explore the empirical properties of the proposed fitting procedure by a Monte Carlo study. The application of this proposal to a comprehensive data set provided by Lending Club shows a significant level of dependence between the defaults in peer-to-peer and credit bureaus. Finally, we find that our model outperforms the bivariate probit and univariate logit models in predicting peer-to-peer default, in estimating the value at risk and the expected shortfall.
Information Asymmetry and Leverage Adjustments: A Semiparametric Varying-coefficient Approach
Authors: Jin Man , Zhao Shunan , Kumbhakar Subal C.
Published: October 2019

Information asymmetry reflects the risk and uncertainty faced by investors and is a measure of a firm's transparency. High information asymmetry could increase the cost of external financing, which in turn impedes a firm's leverage (debt–asset ratio) adjustment. The paper studies the adjustment speed towards the target leverage in the presence of information asymmetry by using microlevel data from China. In contrast with previous studies, we allow heterogeneity in the adjustment speed coefficient by modelling it as a non-parametric function of information asymmetry and other firm characteristics. This refinement not only allows for more flexibility in the model, but it also facilitates further exploration into the differences and determinants of firms’ financing behaviour. We uniquely build the firm level measure of information asymmetry into the traditional partial leverage adjustment framework. Based on our firm level measure of the adjustment speed, our paper explores why the leverage adjustment speed matters by examining its association with corporate performance indicators. We find that China's firms do have leverage targets and they slowly adjust towards these targets. We also find that the adjustment speed decreases with an increase in information asymmetry. Overall, firms which converge towards their targets faster perform better in value, profitability, investment and costs.
Associations of 24‐hours activity composition with adiposity and cardiorespiratory fitness: The PregnActive project
Authors: Oviedo‐Caro Miguel Ángel , Bueno‐Antequera Javier , Munguía‐Izquierdo Diego
Published: October 2019

Aim

This study examined the associations of activity behaviors composition (sleep, sedentary time, light and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity) with adiposity and cardiorespiratory fitness, and how isotemporal reallocations of time between activity behaviors are associated with differences in adiposity and cardiorespiratory fitness.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted in 130 women during midpregnancy. Activity behaviors, conceptualized as a 24‐hours composition, were objectively assessed by multi‐sensor monitors. Skinfold thickness, fat mass index, and body mass index were calculated as indicators of adiposity. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using a 6‐minute walk test. Log‐ratio multiple linear regression models and compositional isotemporal substitutions were used to analyze the associations and estimated differences in outcomes.

Results

The activity composition was significantly associated with adiposity indicators (all P < .001) and cardiorespiratory fitness (P values from .025 to <.001) during midpregnancy. The isotemporal substitutions were asymmetrical, showing the highest estimated differences in adiposity (8.7%, 0.80 kg/m2, for fat mass index; 6.0%, 2.65 mm, for the sum of skinfold thickness; and 3.8%, 1.02 kg/m2, for body mass index) and cardiorespiratory fitness (3.0%, 1.00 mL/kg min) when 30 minutes of moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity was reallocated by sedentary time.

Conclusion

The activity composition was associated with adiposity and the cardiorespiratory fitness levels during midpregnancy, with moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity being the leading activity behavior. The most unfavorable differences in adiposity and cardiorespiratory fitness were found when moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity was replaced by another behavior, mainly sedentary time, reinforcing the importance of at least maintaining moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity during pregnancy.