bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flood hazard in Hungary: a re-assessment
Authors: Lóczy Dénes
Published: December 2010

Some decades ago the concept of flood hazard in the Carpathian Basin was interpreted solely as riverine flood hazard, mostly restricted to the Tisza and Danube Rivers, and was closely associated with the impacts of river flow regulation in the second half of the 19th century. Recent assessments, however, allow us to outline a more diverse picture. Climate change is predicted to bring about both an increase in the frequency of droughts and excessive rainfall events, resulting in irregulaties in the water regimes of rivers in Hungary. Excess water hazard from raised groundwater levels is found to affect much larger areas than previously thought. Recent strongly localized cloudbursts, point to the increasing significance of flash floods.Riverine flooding and excess water hazard are more common in lowlands, whereas flash flood hazards are primarily, but not exclusively, affect the mountainous and hilly regions of the country. This paper intends to assess the relative importance of the three types of inundation hazard analyzed and to illustrate their overall spatial occurrences by microregions on a map series.
Using Robot-Applied Resistance to Augment Body-Weight–Supported Treadmill Training in an Individual With Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Lam Tania , Pauhl Katherine , Krassioukov Andrei , Eng Janice J.
Published: December 2010

Background and Purpose

The efficacy of task-specific gait training for people with spinal cord injury (SCI) is premised on evidence that the provision of gait-related afferent feedback is key for the recovery of stepping movements. Recent findings have shown that sensory feedback from flexor muscle afferents can facilitate flexor muscle activity during the swing phase of walking. This case report was undertaken to determine the feasibility of using robot-applied forces to resist leg movements during body-weight–supported treadmill training (BWSTT) and to measure its effect on gait and other health-related outcomes.

Case Description

The patient described in this case report was a 43-year-old man with a T11 incomplete chronic SCI. He underwent 36 sessions of BWSTT using a robotic gait orthosis to provide forces that resist hip and knee flexion.

Outcomes

Tolerance to the training program was monitored using the Borg CR10 scale and heart rate and blood pressure changes during each training session. Outcome measures (ie, 10-Meter Walk Test, Six-Minute Walk Test, modified Emory Functional Ambulation Profile [mEFAP], Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale, and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure) were completed and kinematic parameters of gait, lower-extremity muscle strength (force-generating capacity), lower-limb girth, and tolerance to orthostatic stress were measured before and after the training program.

Discussion

The patient could tolerate the training. Overground walking speed, endurance, and performance on all subtasks of the mEFAP improved and were accompanied by increased lower-limb joint flexion and toe clearance during gait. The patient's ambulatory self-confidence and self-perceived performance in walking also improved. These findings suggest that this new approach to BWSTT is a feasible and potentially effective therapy for improving skilled overground walking performance.
Bodenschutz im Wald – Annäherung an ein Wahrnehmungsproblem (Essay) | Soil protection in forests – approaching a problem of perception (essay)
Authors: Borer Franz
Published: December 2010

Sustainable forest management is totally dependent on an intact production base such as the soil. Today's soil has been shaped by soil formation processes over hundreds and thousands of years in the context of various natural cycles. In contrast to these very slow soil formation processes, timber harvesting methods have evolved within a few decades from manual harvesting to high-tech harvesting with heavy machinery. The impact of these on the soil structure is comparable to that of the ice sheets during the last glaciation. The consequences of this development are not easily visible to the eye. But there is the threat of irreversible damages in the form of soil compaction. Now what about sustainability, this fundamental requirement that wood production can be maintained over many tree generations keeping the production base intact? What about the responsibility of forest owners and managers for future forest stands to the coming generations of people?

The knowledge exists about the soil processes and the possible damages caused by overstraining the natural limits of the soil system. There are also guidelines for careful forest management even with modern machinery. Rejecting wood harvesting techniques with integrated state-of-the-art soil protection measures purely on economic grounds is incompatible with sustainable thinking.
Kohlenstoff in Schweizer Waldböden – bei Klimaerwärmung eine potenzielle CO2-Quelle | Soil organic carbon in Swiss forest soils – a potential CO2 source in a warming climate
Authors: Hagedorn Frank , Moeri Ana , Walthert Lorenz , Zimmermann Stephan
Published: December 2010

Soils contain the largest carbon stocks of terrestrial ecosystems. The expected climatic warming may turn soils into a CO2 source by increasing the mineralization of soil organic matter. However, changes in soil carbon (C) are hardly detectable because the expected changes within some years are much smaller than the large amounts of C stored in soils. Our approach was to quantify changes in soil C storage along natural climatic gradients by comparing C stocks of more than 250 soil profiles at different altitudes across Swiss forest ecosystems. In addition, we studied the response of soil CO2 effluxes to an experimental soil warming by 4°C at the alpine treeline. The carbon dynamics along the natural and experimental temperature gradients strongly suggest losses of soil carbon under climatic warming. Soil warming at the treeline induced 25% to 40% higher soil CO2 effluxes during three treatment years. In Swiss forest ecosystems, soil carbon stocks decrease with decreasing altitude and thus, they decline with increasing mean temperatures, but also with a changing dominance from coniferous to deciduous trees. This decrease in soil carbon is particularly strong in the organic layer. Translating the decline in soil carbon with decreasing altitude to the expected climatic warming by 1.8 to 4°C during the next century suggests carbon losses of 15 to 34 million t C from Swiss forest soils, which would cancel out the C sink in Swiss forests of several decades. The CO2 lost from soils would foster the climatic warming.
Registration of Asian Soybean Rust–Resistant Soybean Germplasm G01‐PR16
Authors: Boerma H. Roger , Monteros Maria J. , Ha Bo-Keun , Wood E. Dale , Phillips Daniel V. , Walker David R. , Missaoui Ali M.
Published: December 2010

The soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm line G01‐PR16 (Reg No. GP‐371, PI 659503) was developed and released by the Georgia agricultural experiment stations in October 2007. It was released for its combination of resistance to Asian soybean rust (ASR; caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd.), bacterial pustule [caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines (Nakano) Dye], and southern root‐knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood], and for its earlier maturity and higher seed yield relative to ‘Hyuuga’ (the late‐maturing, ASR‐resistant parent of G01‐PR16). Asian soybean rust has become a consistent late‐season problem in the southeastern USA, requiring soybean growers to apply fungicides to limit yield loss. G01‐PR16 was selected from a cross between ‘Dillon’ and Hyuuga made in the summer of 1998. The F2–F5 generations of this population were advanced by single‐seed descent to the F6 generation. Seed from a single F6 plant was composited and designated G01‐PR16. Agronomic evaluation and ASR screening occurred in the southern USA. G01‐PR16 produced the red‐brown, or resistance, reaction to ASR in field plots near Attapulgus, GA with naturally occurring populations of P. pachyrhizi and in greenhouse evaluations when challenged with P. pachyrhizi isolates collected across Georgia. Over seven yield trials in Georgia and Arkansas, G01‐PR16 (relative maturity of 6.4) matured an average of 2 d earlier than Dillon and had 90% of the seed yield of Dillon and 122% that of Hyuuga. Like Hyuuga, G01‐PR16 contains the Rpp?(Hyuuga) resistance gene.
Registration of ‘Bailey’ Peanut
Authors: Isleib Thomas G. , Milla-Lewis Susana R. , Pattee Harold E. , Copeland Susan C. , Zuleta M. Carolina , Shew Barbara B. , Hollowell Joyce E. , Sanders Timothy H. , Dean Lisa O. , Hendrix Keith W. , Balota Maria , Chapin Jay W.
Published: December 2010

‘Bailey’ (Reg. No. CV‐111, PI 659502) is a large‐seeded virginia‐type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) with partial resistance to five diseases that occur commonly in the Virginia‐Carolina production area: early leaf spot (caused by Cercospora arachidicola Hori), late leaf spot [caused by Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Deighton], Cylindrocladium black rot [caused by Cylindrocladium parasiticum Crous, M.J. Wingf. & Alfenas], Sclerotinia blight (caused by Sclerotinia minor Jagger), and tomato spotted wilt (caused by Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus). It also has partial resistance to southern stem rot (caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.). Bailey was developed as part of a program of selection for multiple‐disease resistance funded by growers, seedsmen, shellers, and processors. Bailey was tested under the experimental designation N03081T and was released by the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service (NCARS) in 2008. Bailey was tested by the NCARS, the Virginia Agricultural Experimental Station, and five other state agricultural experiment stations and the USDA‐ARS units participating in the Uniform Peanut Performance Tests. Bailey has an alternate branching pattern, an intermediate runner growth habit, medium green foliage, and high contents of fancy pods and medium virginia‐type seeds. It has approximately 34% jumbo and 46% fancy pods, seeds with tan testas and an average weight of 823 mg seed−1, and an extra large kernel content of approximately 42%. Bailey is named in honor of the late Dr. Jack E. Bailey, formerly the peanut breeding project's collaborating plant pathologist.
Registration of Tx2935 through Tx2944 Sorghum Germplasm
Authors: Rooney W. L. , Odvody G. N. , Schaefer K. , Collins S. D.
Published: December 2010

The sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] germplasm lines Tx2935 through Tx2944 (Reg. No. GP‐674, PI 650871 to Reg. No. GP‐683, PI 650880) were developed and released by Texas Agricultural Experiment Station—now Texas AgriLife Research—College Station, TX in 2004. These germplasm lines were selected and developed to provide the sorghum industry with elite seed‐parent sorghum germplasm of diverse pedigree with good general combining ability and unique combinations of grain color, plant color, agronomic traits, and resistance to head smut [caused by Sporosorium relianum) (Kuhn) Langdon & Fullerton], rust [caused by Puccinia purpurea (Cooke)], and anthracnose [caused by Colletotrichum graminicola (Ces.) G.W. Wilson]. These lines were developed using the pedigree breeding approach with selection environments in Texas and Puerto Rico. Each of these germplasms was then evaluated in testcross combinations (with common seed parent testers) in multiple environments in Texas. Each of these germplasms showed good general combining ability and adaption for Texas sorghum production environments. This germplasm is suitable for use as a pollinator parent for the production of grain sorghum hybrids or as a parental source for the development of improved pollinator parent lines
Registration of ‘NH03614 CL’ Wheat
Authors: Baenziger P. S. , Graybosch R. A. , Nelson L. A. , Regassa T. , Klein R. N. , Baltensperger D. D. , Santra D. K. , Ibrahim A. M. H. , Berzonsky W. , Krall J. M. , Xu L. , Wegulo S. N. , Bernards M. L. , Jin Y. , Kolmer J. , Hatchett J. H. , Chen M.-S. , Bai G.
Published: December 2010

‘NH03614 CL’ (Reg. No. CV‐1051, PI 653833) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed cooperatively by the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station and the USDA‐ARS and released in 2008 by the developing institutions and the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and the Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station. In addition to researchers at the releasing institutions, USDA‐ARS researchers at Manhattan, KS and St. Paul, MN participated in the development of NH03614 CL. NH03614 CL was selected from the cross ‘Wesley’ sib//‘Millennium’ sib/‘Above’ sib that was made in the spring of 1997 to develop new herbicide‐tolerant cultivars. NH03614 CL was selected using the bulk breeding method as an F3:4 line (F3–derived line in the F4 generation) in 2001, and in 2003 was assigned experimental line number NH03164. NH03614 CL was released primarily for its herbicide tolerance to imadazolinone compounds which control many previously difficult‐to‐control weeds in wheat production systems, and for its superior adaptation to rainfed wheat production systems in Nebraska, Wyoming, South Dakota, and counties in adjacent states.
Registration of Common Bacterial Blight Resistant Cranberry Dry Bean Germplasm Line USCR‐CBB‐20
Authors: Miklas P. N. , Singh S. P. , Terán H. , Kelly J. D. , Smith J. R.
Published: December 2010

Common bacterial blight (CBB; caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli) is a serious disease of dry and green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in warm humid climates. Crop loss up to 40% has been reported due to this disease, which is most prominent east of the continental divide in the United States. Cranberry beans are very susceptible to CBB, so our objective was to develop a cranberry dry bean with improved resistance to the disease. A combination of marker‐assisted selection for quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance in early generations followed by selection under disease pressure in later generations was used to develop the cranberry dry bean germplasm line USCR‐CBB‐20 (Reg. No. GP‐281, PI 659069), which has improved resistance to CBB. USCR‐CBB‐20, released in 2008 by the USDA‐ARS in cooperation with the Idaho and Michigan agricultural experiment stations, possesses the sequence‐characterized amplified region markers SU91 and SAP6, which are associated with CBB resistance QTL on linkage groups 8 and 10, respectively. USCR‐CBB‐20 had an average disease score of 5.3 in greenhouse tests, which is a remarkable improvement over the previous cranberry line released with CBB resistance, which scored 8.4 (9 = completely susceptible) in the same tests. Except for relatively small seed size, USCR‐CBB‐20 exhibits commercially acceptable agronomic traits for the cranberry bean market class. Yield potential was above average in Michigan and below average in Washington. USCR‐CBB‐20 will be useful for improving CBB resistance in the cranberry and other large‐seeded dry and green‐bean market classes of Andean origin.
Registration of the BTx623/IS3620C Recombinant Inbred Mapping Population of Sorghum
Authors: Burow G. B. , Klein R. R. , Franks C. D. , Klein P. E. , Schertz K. F. , Pederson G. A. , Xin Z. , Burke J. J.
Published: December 2010

The BTx623/IS3620C sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] mapping population (Reg. No. MP‐1, NSL 469802 MAP) is a set of 430 F7 and F9 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) (F7 lines: PI 658758 through PI 659060; F9 lines: PI 659144 through PI 659271) from a cross between the inbred lines BTx623 (PI 659985 MAP) and IS3620C (PI 659986 MAP). This sorghum mapping population was released jointly by the Plant Stress and the Germplasm Development Unit, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, USDA‐ARS, Lubbock, TX and the Crop Germplasm Research Unit, USDA‐ARS, College Station, TX in 2009. The original 137 RILs of this mapping population served as the basis for the construction of landmark high‐density genetic and physical maps, with the integrated genome map subsequently used to aid in assembly of the sorghum genome sequence. This population has been genotyped by a number of investigators with a total of 3348 markers—including amplified fragment length polymorphisms, DArT (Diversity Arrays Technology, Yarralumla, Australia), restriction fragment length polymorphisms, simple sequence repeats, and insertion‐deletions—mapped to ten linkage groups corresponding to the ten sorghum chromosomes. The population has been utilized to map quantitative trait loci that underlie various agronomic traits, including tillering, floral architecture, plant height, flowering date, grain size, and abiotic stress tolerance. The registration of this recombinant inbred mapping population will allow public access to the genomic and germplasm resources that can facilitate mapping and gene discovery for complex traits in sorghum and related cereal species.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Perceived Smoking Prevalence: Evidence from a National Survey of Teens
Authors: Davis Kevin C. , Nonnemaker James M. , Asfaw Hosanna A. , Vallone Donna M.
Published: December 2010

Prior studies show that perceived smoking prevalence is a significant predictor of smoking initiation. In this study, we examine racial/ethnic differences in perceived smoking prevalence and racial/ethnic differences in exposure to contextual factors associated with perceived smoking prevalence. We used cross-sectional time series data from the Legacy Media Tracking Surveys (LMTS), a national sample of 35,000 12- to 17-year-olds in the United States. Perceived smoking prevalence was the primary outcome variable, measured using an LMTS question: “Out of every 10 people your age, how many do you think smoke?” Multivariable models were estimated to assess the association between perceived smoking prevalence; race/ethnicity; and exposure to social contextual factors. Findings indicate that African American, Hispanic, and American Indian youth exhibit the highest rates of perceived smoking prevalence, while white and Asian youth exhibit the lowest. Minority youth are also disproportionately exposed to social contextual factors that are correlated with high perceived smoking prevalence. These findings suggest that disproportionate exposure to social contextual factors may partially explain why minority youth exhibit such high levels of perceived smoking prevalence.
Optimization of Enzymatic Production of Oligopeptides from Apricot Almonds Meal with Neutrase and N120P
Authors: Wang Chunyan , Wang Qiang , Tian Jinqiang
Published: December 2010

Neutrase 0.8L and N120P proteases were used for oligopeptide production from apricot almonds meal, and response surface design was carried out to optimize the effect of hydrolysis conditions on hydrolysis degree (DH) and oligopeptide yield rate. Four independent variables were used to optimize the hydrolysis process: hydrolysis temperature (X1), enzyme-to substrate ratio (E/S) (X2), substrate concentration (X3) and reaction time (X4). Statistical analysis indicated that the four variables, quadratic terms of X1, X3, and X4, and the interaction terms with X1 had a significant (p
Optimization of Bacterial Plasmid Transformation Using Nanomaterials Based on the Yoshida Effect
Authors: Tan Haidong , Fu Li , Seno Masaharu
Published: December 2010

With the help of sepiolite, a unique method for transforming DNA into bacteria, based on the Yoshida effect, has been developed recently. However, we confronted many problems when this newest method was tried. Only a few transformants could be obtained even when 100 ng of plasmid pET15b was used, and a successful result seemed difficult to repeat. To address this problem, we optimized the operating method and could achieve about 15,000 transformants using the same amount of plasmid, which could match the efficiency gained using the calcium chloride transformation method. Meanwhile, the results could also be reproduced well. In the same way, carbon nanotubes were used to attain more than 15,000 transformants in the same situation. Therefore, the transformation method could be extended to other nanomaterials. Meanwhile, compared with the mechanism previously reported, we verified quite a different principle for the mechanism responsible for such a transformation. In sum, this unique transformation can be developed to become the third widely-used transformation method in laboratories in addition to the chemical method and electroporation.
Computational Prediction of O-linked Glycosylation Sites that Preferentially Map on Intrinsically Disordered Regions of Extracellular Proteins
Authors: Nishikawa Ikuko , Nakajima Yukiko , Ito Masahiro , Fukuchi Satoshi , Homma Keiichi , Nishikawa Ken
Published: December 2010

O-glycosylation of mammalian proteins is one of the important posttranslational modifications. We applied a support vector machine (SVM) to predict whether Ser or Thr is glycosylated, in order to elucidate the O-glycosylation mechanism. O-glycosylated sites were often found clustered along the sequence, whereas other sites were located sporadically. Therefore, we developed two types of SVMs for predicting clustered and isolated sites separately. We found that the amino acid composition was effective for predicting the clustered type, whereas the site-specific algorithm was effective for the isolated type. The highest prediction accuracy for the clustered type was 74%, while that for the isolated type was 79%. The existence frequency of amino acids around the O-glycosylation sites was different in the two types: namely, Pro, Val and Ala had high existence probabilities at each specific position relative to a glycosylation site, especially for the isolated type. Independent component analyses for the amino acid sequences around O-glycosylation sites showed the position-specific existences of the identified amino acids as independent components. The O-glycosylation sites were preferentially located within intrinsically disordered regions of extracellular proteins: particularly, more than 90% of the clustered O-GalNAc glycosylation sites were observed in intrinsically disordered regions. This feature could be the key for understanding the non-conservation property of O-glycosylation, and its role in functional diversity and structural stability.
Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Some New Heterocyclic Spiro-Derivatives with Potential Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Youssef Mohamed Mohamed , Amin Mahmoud Ahmed
Published: December 2010

Homophthalic anhydride reacts with different aromatic amines to produce N-substituted homophthalimides. Bromination of the latter produces 4,4-dibromo-homophthalimide derivatives that can be used as precursors for spiro-derivatives. The dibromo derivatives react with different binucleophilic reagents to produce several spiro-isoquinoline derivatives. Reaction of the dibromo derivatives with malononitrile produces dicyanomethylene derivatives which react with different binucleophiles to produce new spiro-derivatives. Structures of the newly synthesized compounds are proved using spectroscopic methods such as IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The newly synthesized compounds were tested for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, showing weak or no antimicrobial activity. On the other hand select compounds showed promising antioxidant activities.
Atypical Antipsychotics and Other Therapeutic Options for Treatment of Resistant Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Seo Rubo J. , MacPherson Holly , Young Allan H.
Published: December 2010

Antidepressant therapies, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are current first-line treatments for Major Depressive Disorder. However, over 50% of treated patients show an inadequate response to initial antidepressant therapy. If the therapeutic outcomes from two antidepressant therapies are suboptimal, potentially resulting in Treatment Resistant Depression, subsequent strategies include switching to another antidepressant or augmenting treatment by combining with other agents. When combined with SSRIs, atypical antipsychotics have supplementary action on dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems. Studies on combined treatment with atypical antipsychotics have shown significantly increased remission rates, shortened response times, and favorable side effects. Augmentation of antidepressants with atypical antipsychotics is now an acceptable treatment strategy which leads to increased remission rates and better outcomes for patients.
Surface Roughening of Polystyrene and Poly(methyl methacrylate) in Ar/O2 Plasma Etching
Authors: Ting Yuk-Hong , Liu Chi-Chun , Park Sang-Min , Jiang Hongquan , Nealey Paul F. , Wendt Amy E.
Published: December 2010

Selectively plasma-etched polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) diblock copolymer masks present a promising alternative for subsequent nanoscale patterning of underlying films. Because mask roughness can be detrimental to pattern transfer, this study examines roughness formation, with a focus on the role of cross-linking, during plasma etching of PS and PMMA. Variables include ion bombardment energy, polymer molecular weight and etch gas mixture. Roughness data support a proposed model in which surface roughness is attributed to polymer aggregation associated with cross-linking induced by energetic ion bombardment. In this model, RMS roughness peaks when cross-linking rates are comparable to chain scissioning rates, and drop to negligible levels for either very low or very high rates of cross-linking. Aggregation is minimal for very low rates of cross-linking, while very high rates produce a continuous cross-linked surface layer with low roughness. Molecular weight shows a negligible effect on roughness, while the introduction of H and F atoms suppresses roughness, apparently by terminating dangling bonds. For PS etched in Ar/O2 plasmas, roughness decreases with increasing ion energy are tentatively attributed to the formation of a continuous cross-linked layer, while roughness increases with ion energy for PMMA are attributed to increases in cross-linking from negligible to moderate levels.
Estimating Plasma Glucose from Interstitial Glucose: The Issue of Calibration Algorithms in Commercial Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices
Authors: Rossetti Paolo , Bondia Jorge , Vehí Josep , Fanelli Carmine G.
Published: December 2010

Evaluation of metabolic control of diabetic people has been classically performed measuring glucose concentrations in blood samples. Due to the potential improvement it offers in diabetes care, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in the subcutaneous tissue is gaining popularity among both patients and physicians. However, devices for CGM measure glucose concentration in compartments other than blood, usually the interstitial space. This means that CGM need calibration against blood glucose values, and the accuracy of the estimation of blood glucose will also depend on the calibration algorithm. The complexity of the relationship between glucose dynamics in blood and the interstitial space, contrasts with the simplistic approach of calibration algorithms currently implemented in commercial CGM devices, translating in suboptimal accuracy. The present review will analyze the issue of calibration algorithms for CGM, focusing exclusively on the commercially available glucose sensors.
On the Relevance of Using Bayesian Belief Networks in Wireless Sensor Networks Situation Recognition
Authors: Bagula Antoine B. , Osunmakinde Isaac , Zennaro Marco
Published: December 2010

Achieving situation recognition in ubiquitous sensor networks (USNs) is an important issue that has been poorly addressed by both the research and practitioner communities. This paper describes some steps taken to address this issue by effecting USN middleware intelligence using an emerging situation awareness (ESA) technology. We propose a situation recognition framework where temporal probabilistic reasoning is used to derive and emerge situation awareness in ubiquitous sensor networks. Using data collected from an outdoor environment monitoring in the city of Cape Town, we illustrate the use of the ESA technology in terms of sensor system operating conditions and environmental situation recognition.
Performance Analysis of Receive Diversity in Wireless Sensor Networks over GBSBE Models
Authors: Goel Shivali , Abawajy Jemal H. , Kim Tai-hoon
Published: December 2010

Wireless sensor networks have attracted a lot of attention recently. In this paper, we develop a channel model based on the elliptical model for multipath components involving randomly placed scatterers in the scattering region with sensors deployed on a field. We verify that in a sensor network, the use of receive diversity techniques improves the performance of the system. Extensive performance analysis of the system is carried out for both single and multiple antennas with the applied receive diversity techniques. Performance analyses based on variations in receiver height, maximum multipath delay and transmit power have been performed considering different numbers of antenna elements present in the receiver array, Our results show that increasing the number of antenna elements for a wireless sensor network does indeed improve the BER rates that can be obtained.
Perceptions of Community Pharmacy Staff regarding Strategies to Reduce and to Improve the Reporting of Medication Incidents
Authors: Scobie Andrea C. , Boyle Todd A. , MacKinnon Neil J. , Deal Heidi , Mahaffey Tom
Published: December 2010

Background:

Medication incidents can have serious consequences for the health of patients and the perceived safety of community pharmacy practice. This study was designed to assess the perceptions of pharmacy staff members about various strategies for reducing and improving the reporting of medications incidents, with the ultimate goal of helping pharmacy managers to determine which practices are likely to be widely accepted.

Methods:

Staff members of community pharmacies were recruited from 13 pharmacies in Nova Scotia. This convenience sample consisted of pharmacists, pharmacy managers and owners, and pharmacy support staff (i.e., technicians, interns and pharmacy students). The questionnaire had 5 sections, including sections on demographic characteristics, organizational culture within the pharmacies, strategies for reducing and for improving the reporting of medication incidents and existing reporting processes and desired changes, along with an open-ended section on reporting of medication incidents in general. The current article reports data from the 20-question section that sought respondents' perceptions, according to a Likert-type scale, of selected practices for reducing medication incidents and for identifying and disclosing any such incidents that do occur. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to examine overall differences in mean ratings for various strategies by staff group or ownership type. Follow-up univariate analysis and Tukey test were used to examine differences in staff groups and ownership types for each reduction and reporting strategy. Correlation analyses were performed to determine strategies for which individual respondents had similar perceptions. Only pairs of strategies with moderate or strong correlations ( r ≥ 0.60) are discussed.

Results:

MANOVA indicated significant differences in the perceived effectiveness of various strategies for reducing and for improving the reporting of medication incidents. Respondents indicated that having clinical pharmacists help physicians to select drug therapies would be the most effective strategy to reduce the frequency of medication incidents, and they thought that sharing with colleagues any lessons learned from incidents that did occur and assuring anonymity of reporting would be the most effective ways to increase the reporting of medication incidents.

Conclusions:

Instituting strategies for reducing and enhancing the reporting of medication incidents that are viewed as effective by pharmacy staff members may help to increase reporting rates and to reduce the number of such incidents occurring at the community pharmacy.
Development and Initial Validation of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 Responder Index 50
Authors: TOUMA ZAHI , GLADMAN DAFNA D. , IBAÑEZ DOMINIQUE , UROWITZ MURRAY B.
Published: December 2010

Objective.

To describe the development and validation of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) Responder Index 50 (SRI-50), an index to measure improvement in disease manifestations on followup visits.

Methods.

We proposed 50% improvement of SLEDAI-2K scores as this was felt by clinicians to reflect a clinically important improvement. We determined the best definitions of 50% improvement in each of the SLEDAI-2K descriptors. The SRI-50 data retrieval form was developed to standardize the documentation of the descriptors. The new assigned scores for the descriptors of SRI-50 were derived by dividing the score of SLEDAI-2K by 2. To evaluate the construct validity of SRI-50, all patients attending the Lupus Clinic from September 2009 to December 2009 were studied. Patients were assessed initially and on a followup visit according to both SLEDAI-2K and SRI-50 along with physician response assessment on a Likert scale (LS), which was considered the external construct.

Results.

SRI-50 is a 2-page document comprising 24 descriptors. The scoring method is simple, intuitive, and cumulative, and can be derived during the patient visit. Of the 298 patients enrolled in this study, 141 had a followup visit and were studied further. SRI-50 scores decreased more in patients with LS ≥ 50% compared to LS < 50% with a decrease of > 3. The decrease in SRI-50 scores was statistically and clinically more significant than the decrease in SLEDAI-2K scores. SRI-50 detected incomplete improvement, which would not have been discerned using SLEDAI-2K.

Conclusion.

SRI-50 has construct validity and is able to demonstrate incomplete, but clinically significant, improvement in disease activity between visits in patients with lupus.
Enfants venus d'ailleurs : accueillir et soigner
Authors: Ferradji Taieb
Published: December 2010

Résumé Du projet migratoire aux premières expériences en exil se construit un parcours métissé où les représentations culturelles tiennent une place centrale. Le respect de l’autre naît de la représentation qu’on s’en fait, s’exprime dans la manière dont on en parle et dont on le nomme. La relation à l’altérité participe de la conception que nous avons de la culture de l’autre. La clinique transculturelle, dans une référence au différent, permet de comprendre combien, en opposition ou en rupture, la culture s’exprime de façon prévalente par la souffrance humaine.
Grandir et vivre ensemble dans un contexte de mondialisation conflictuelle
Authors: Rousseau Cécile , Jamil Uzma , Hassan Ghayda , Moreau Nicolas
Published: December 2010

Résumé Le contexte international, marqué par la mondialisation, est traversé de tensions qui influencent les relations entre les minorités immigrantes et les majorités des pays qui les accueillent. En présentant sommairement les résultats de recherches portant sur le rapport des familles immigrantes à l’adversité qui caractérise ce contexte, cet article propose une réflexion sur le rôle protecteur ou vulnérabilisant de la transmission familiale du sens et des stratégies face à ces nouvelles formes d’exclusion.
Approche psychosociale et transculturelle des processus de construction de « l'être-mère » dans un groupe de parole
Authors: Bouche-Florin Laëtitia , Mercadante André
Published: December 2010

Résumé casita , situé dans le département de Seine-Saint-Denis, est une maison des adolescents qui a pour vocation d’accueillir et de soigner les adolescents en souffrance psychique et leur famille. Une part importante des parents reçus sont des migrants. Face au mal-être de ces parents, il a été décidé de créer un groupe thérapeutique de parole. La première partie de cet écrit s’intéresse aux éléments constitutifs du cadre. La seconde traite des enjeux psychothérapeutiques à l’œuvre dans le groupe avec pour points d’appui théoriques la psychosociologie clinique et la psychologie transculturelle.
Les pratiques éducatives des familles migrantes maghrébines : éducation ou maltraitance ?
Authors: Aouattah Ali
Published: December 2010

Résumé La manière de penser les enfants et de les faire grandir est déterminée par les représentations et les modalités éducatives de chaque culture. Ces dernières sont diverses, de sorte que celles qui prévalent dans une culture peuvent paraître inacceptables dans une autre. Dans le contexte migratoire, cette divergence débouche sur des malentendus entre les parents et les professionnels de la protection de l’enfant. Dès lors, pour le bien de l’enfant et des familles, quelle clinique de la négociation instaurer pour faire dialoguer les différents modèles ?
Psychanalyse et droits de l'homme
Authors: Didier-Weill Alain
Published: December 2010

Résumé La psychanalyse est exposée par la question des droits de l’homme à un faisceau de contradictions. La première de ces contradictions est structurelle : elle est liée à ce que le sujet, dès qu’il s’ouvre à la parole, est sollicité par deux injonctions antinomiques qui le déchirent. La première de ces injonctions traduite par Freud « wo es war soll ich werden » – là où c’était tu dois devenir ! impute au sujet une capacité de devenir par laquelle lui est supposé un rapport non impossible à la liberté. La contradiction à laquelle la psychanalyse est exposée par l’existence du commandement « là où c’était, deviens » tient à la découverte de l’existence d’un tout autre commandement – celui que Freud a nommé le surmoi – qui tend à contredire radicalement l’appel au devenir pour autant que sa vocation est, tout au contraire, de signifier au sujet : « Ne deviens pas ! Tu n’es pas libre de le faire. »
Loi et culture brésilienne
Authors: Maurano Denise , Coutinho Jorge Marco Antonio
Published: December 2010

Résumé En soulignant, dans notre approche de la Déclaration universelle des droits de l’homme, le commentaire de Didier-Weill qui indique l’héritage des Lumières comme celui d’une lettre progressivement dénuée de son esprit, nous cherchons, dans ce travail, à contribuer à la discussion sur la façon dont l’invocation de l’éthique de la psychanalyse peut servir au réveil de l’esprit de la lettre qui s’y trouve refoulé. En ce sens, nous posons que ces droits universels peuvent être transmis par des actes qui s’engagent dans une valorisation radicale de la vie : l’accueil du réel, ce qu’on peut traduire, selon notre point de vue, par le souci effectif de la nature vivante, au sens large.
Petite rêverie romaine
Authors: Zaepffel Alain
Published: December 2010

Résumé Le point de départ du texte, Malaise dans la civilisation , semble bien être la lettre que Romain Rolland envoie à Freud après la réception de son livre, L’avenir d’une illusion. Freud compare l’appareil psychique à la ville de Rome ; il présente la ville éternelle sous la forme d’un diptyque en anamorphose : celle-ci nous ouvre les portes d’un rêve de la Traumdeutung où l’on reconnaît Freud en général Carthaginois, rival futur de Romain Rolland.
La déclaration du psychanalyste
Authors: Charmoille Danielle
Published: December 2010

Résumé À la Déclaration universelle des droits de l’homme, l’auteur substitue la déclaration du psychanalyste. Y insiste le renouvellement de la découverte de Freud sur un nouveau savoir de l’être parlant, le savoir sexuel.
Traits culturels, système de management de la qualité et performances en Algérie. Etude de cas de deux PME (publique et privée) algériennes
Authors: Labaronne Daniel , Mustapha Meziani
Published: December 2010

Résumé Nous tentons de repérer les traits culturels des salariés algériens, plus précisément kabyles, susceptibles de déterminer les comportements au travail et d’influencer la performance des organisations. A partir d’une analyse structurelle appliquée à deux PME algériennes évoluant en Kabylie, nous dégageons trois variables déterminantes dans l’instauration d’un système de management qualité : le style de leadership, la culture d’entreprise et l’histoire de l’entreprise. Nous examinons, au regard des traits culturels kabyles, dans quelle mesure ces variables peuvent être un frein ou un stimulant dans l’appropriation des objectifs qualité par les salariés. Nous étudions les résultats du système management qualité de ces deux PME à travers l’étude de la satisfaction de leurs clients. Nous notons que ces résultats révèlent l’absence versus la présence d’une cohérence effective entre la stratégie qualité, la structure organisationnelle et les valeurs socioculturelles des salariés de chacune de ces deux entreprises.
Les instruments alternatifs de couverture des risques climatiques en agriculture : une opportunité pour les pays en développement ?
Authors: Hardelin Julien
Published: December 2010

L’article présente les enjeux et opportunités liés à la couverture des risques naturels en agriculture. Après avoir exposé les raisons, multiples, de l’incomplétude des marchés d’assurance dans ce secteur, il discute de ses conséquences en termes de bien-être social et de développement. Enfin, il met en lumière les solutions envisageables, en insistant tout particulièrement sur le rôle de l’État et les possibilités nouvelles offertes par les instruments alternatifs de transfert des risques tels que l'assurance sur indice climatique.
La production des espaces pour l'entreprise au Maroc.
Authors: Piermay Jean-Luc
Published: December 2010

L'article analyse le Programme Émergence pour le développement industriel du Maroc à travers la production d'espaces pour l'entreprise. Il révèle cinq logiques différentes dont l'articulation n'est pas dénuée de paradoxes. Partie intégrante d'une évolution de long terme des politiques publiques, le Programme Émergence peut être porteur de changements institutionnels importants.
Prologue
Authors: de Callataÿ Damien
Published: December 2010

La grâce au sens profane est toujours gratuite : son bénéficiaire l’éprouve sans contrainte. Par contre, le don n’est jamais totalement gratuit : son destinataire est toujours affecté – et contraint – par la volonté du donneur manifestée dans l’acte de donner. Parce qu’elle est totalement gratuite, seule la grâce procure la plénitude essentielle au bonheur.
Le rapport Stiglitz : une extension démesurée du PIB
Authors: Harribey Jean-Marie
Published: December 2010

Le rapport de la Commission Stiglitz sur la mesure du progrès économique et social rappelle que le PIB ne donne qu’une vision partielle de la richesse. D’une part, il propose d’y intégrer des éléments non pris en compte comme le temps libre. D’autre part, il étudie plusieurs indicateurs complémentaires pour prendre en compte le bien-être et la soutenabilité du développement, et il fixe son choix sur l’épargne nette ajustée. Mais ce rapport souffre de plusieurs limites. Il vise à monétariser la plupart des activités humaines, de façon à rendre toutes les ressources substituables entre elles, une fois réduites à du capital. Ainsi la conception de la soutenabilité qui prévaut est la version faible.
La gratuité, le chemin d'émancipation
Authors: Sagot-Duvauroux Jean-Louis
Published: December 2010

Pour traduire le mot « gratuit », les anglo-saxons emploient le mot free , libre d’accès. Et en effet, la gratuité entretient un rapport étroit avec la liberté, en réalisant dans certains champs de l’existence une vieille espérance de l’émancipation humaine : « De chacun selon ses capacités, à chacun selon ses besoins ». La sécurité sociale à la française, sous réserve des reculs de ces dernières années, fait entrer ce rêve dans la réalité. Le mouvement du logiciel libre et les libres échanges d’informations sur l’internet rendent possible des réseaux universels de partage gratuit. Dans cet article, l’auteur explore la façon dont les inventions politiques de gratuité nous aident à penser et à mettre en oeuvre un chemin d’émancipation qui dépasse l’ordre marchand sans se perdre dans le totalitarisme.
Qu'est-ce que l'agapè ?
Authors: Bobineau Olivier
Published: December 2010

Cet article a pour point de départ une simple question : qu’est-ce que l’ agapè  ? Question simple, mais y apporter des éléments de réponse nécessite un parcours qui commence par l’exégèse, passe par la théologie pour s’achever par l’anthropologie du don. La tétralogie d’Alain Caillé d’origine maussienne (intérêt pour autrui, intérêt pour soi, liberté, obligation) nous permet de placer l’ agapè du côté de l’intérêt pour autrui, la grâce du côté de la liberté, le tout constituant ce que nous appelons l’anthropologie de la dilection.
Éros, Philia et Agapè.
Authors: Bruni Luigino
Published: December 2010

À partir de la distinction classique entre Éros, Philia et Agapè, cet article présente une théorie multidimensionnelle de la réciprocité. Après avoir décrit les principes caractéristiques de chacune d’entre elles, il montre comment elles interagissent. La thèse principale de cet article est que seule une approche pluraliste de la réciprocité, du contrat au don, permet d’analyser comment la réciprocité peut être viable à long terme.
Du passant ordinaire au Samu social : la (bonne) mesure du don dans la rencontre avec les sans-abri
Authors: Gayet-Viaud Carole
Published: December 2010

Le trouble qui surgit dans la rencontre avec les sans-abri invite à reconsidérer la capacité de l’indifférence civile à dire le tout des enjeux du côtoiement urbain. C’est l’empêtrement du citadin qu’il s’agit de comprendre, indissociable de la série des éléments qui entravent son engagement auprès des sans-abri, en dépit du trouble suscité par leur présence. D’un côté, les pentes vertigineuses du don plénier, de l’autre les lacunes du don tronqué, le livrent, ballotté entre ces deux écueils opposés, à un sentiment d’impuissance, et au repli sur l’indifférence. Les formes d’innovations dans l’assistance aux sans-abri prennent acte de cette dépendance de l’agir moral aux ressources pratiques, par l’effort mené pour requalifier ces situations comme relevant du secours. L’enjeu est de (re)dessiner un espace clair et efficace pour qu’une réponse, possible et donc exigible, puisse être apportée à même les situations, c’est-à-dire, selon cet horizon à la fois restreint et exigeant, qu’est celui de la relation en face-à-face et en personne.
Orwell, le socialisme et la « gauche »
Authors: Michéa Jean-Claude
Published: December 2010

Dans cet entretien, l’auteur fait retour sur le socialisme de George Orwell. Tout en en soulignant l’actualité et l’originalité, il souligne la complexité de ses liens avec la « gauche » et la nature et la force de la critique du libéralisme contemporain qu’il ouvre aujourd’hui.
Superposition des collectivités territoriales, dépenses publiques locales et hétérogénéité spatiale
Authors: Binet Marie-Estelle , Guengant Alain , Leprince Matthieu
Published: December 2010

Résumé Les études internationales sur les effets de la superposition montrent un effet systématique d’inflation de la dépense publique induit par la complémentarité des biens publics locaux offerts. En introduisant des différences spatiales dans les comportements de demande de bien public, on montre ici que, dans le cas français, cet effet n’apparaît qu’en Île-de-France, le reste du territoire étant caractérisé par une indépendance des biens publics des villes et des départements.
La construction sociale de la singularité. Une stratégie entrepreneuriale des artisans d'art
Authors: Jourdain Anne
Published: December 2010

Résumé La singularité des produits d’artisanat d’art est le fruit d’une stratégie entrepreneuriale. En mettant l’accent sur la qualité, les artisans d’art se protègent de la concurrence de l’industrie et de celle des amateurs sur le marché. Ils peuvent ainsi justifier des prix élevés ajustés à leurs importants coûts de production. Pour cela, ils s’investissent dans un travail de persuasion et mettent en place des dispositifs marchands qui valorisent leurs spécificités productives en les présentant comme des critères essentiels d’achat pour les consommateurs.