bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of gaseous toluene removal by photocatalysis using hydrothermal synthesis carbon nanodots/TiO2 combined with zeolite ZSM-5
Authors: Thuan N M , Nhan N V H , Hieu T L M , Oanh N T K , Linh N T M , Phuong N T T , Duong N T H , Long N Q
Published: September 2024

Many studies have been conducted to produce composite materials that possess the ability to transform volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to other nontoxic forms economically and environmentally by means of photocatalytic method. However, the main drawbacks of these materials include restricted surface area, low affinity towards organic molecules, and wide band gap energy which dramatically inhibit their performance. In this research, a composite material that surpasses the above disadvantages has been successfully synthesized from TiO2 - carbon nanodots (CDs) - zeolite ZSM-5. Particularly, CDs synthesized by bottom-up method were coated on TiO2 before being uniformly distributed on zeolite ZSM-5. The powder samples with varying CDs/TiO2 and zeolite ZSM-5 content were tested for their photocatalytic oxidization capability to determine the appropriate ratio. The results revealed that samples with higher zeolite content improved photocatalytic activity. Under other survey conditions such as low toluene flowrate, high relative humidity as well as high UV intensity, the photocatalytic performance was enhanced notably. The newly produced material has corrected most disadvantages of traditional photocatalysts, however, further researches need to be made to improve the removal stability.
Radionuclide characterization and handling strategy of irradiated Fission Product Material (FPM) capsule waste from molybdenum-99 production
Authors: Aisyah  , Artiani P. A. , Rachmadetin J. , Parjono  , Saputra D. L. I. , Setiawan R. , Heriyanto K. , Ratiko  , Wati  , Purwanto Y. , Nurliati G. , Mirawaty
Published: September 2024

Irradiated FPM Capsule waste is one of the types of radioactive waste generated from Molybdenum-99 (99Mo) production. This 99Mo is a 99mTc parent radionuclide that is used for the diagnosis of human organ disorders. In its production, the capsule is used for the emplacement of uranium target for irradiation in the GA Siwabessy Reactor. Since the beginning of production until now, the irradiated FPM capsules waste are still being stored in the hot cells because no data on their characteristics and handling systems that are necessary for their treatment. However, long-term storage of the FPM capsules waste in the hot cells shall be avoided because it can disrupt the production process of 99Mo and pose radiation risk to workers. The objectives of this research are to characterize radionuclides composition in the FPM capsule waste and identify its appropriate handling system. The radionuclides characterization was carried out using ORIGEN 2.1 software whereas the selection of the handling system was based on the suitability or modification of the available facilities at Radioactive Waste Management Installation (RWMI)-BRIN. The characterization results show that up to a decay time of 50 years, an FPM capsule waste contains activation product radionuclides such as 55Fe, 59Ni, and 63Ni with a total specific activity of 7.11x106 Bq/g. Three FPM capsule waste handling systems were identified that can be implemented at the RWMI facility, namely by using a 350 -liter concrete shell and then storing in an interim storage for low and intermediate-level waste, using a 60-liter stainless-steel canister which is then stored in the interim storage pit for high-level waste, or by modifying the interim storage pit for high-level waste. Radionuclide characterization and appropriate handling systems are required for the safe management of irradiated FPM capsule waste. This FPM capsule waste management is important for human and environmental protection.
Facile room temperature synthesis of MIL-100(Fe) from magnetic zircon tailing and its application for methylene blue removal
Authors: Karelius K , Ediati R , Santoso E , Santoso U T , Atmaja L , Kulsum U , Faaizatunnisa N , Agnestisia R
Published: September 2024

Some of the dominant minerals found in the magnetic separation of zircon tailing are minerals containing iron (Fe). These materials have the potential to be processed into adsorbents. One of the materials synthesized using iron compounds as a precursor is MIL-100(Fe). The aim of this research was to obtain MIL-100(Fe) by utilizing magnetic zircon tailing, and applied as an adsorbent for methylene blue. The synthesis of MIL-100(Fe) was initiated by destruction of magnetic zircon tailing with HCl, followed by reacting the destruction filtrate with trimesic acid (H3BTC) for 24 hours at room temperature, in which the H3BTC was dissolved in NaOH with a molar ratio of 1.5 Fe : 1 H3BTC : 3 NaOH, prior to the reaction. A reddish orange precipitate obtained was then washed, dried, and characterized by using FTIR, XRD and SEM. Characteristics of FTIR spectra, XRD pattern and SEM images was similar with MIL-100(Fe) reported. The best-fitting model for the adsorption mechanism was the pseudo-second order. The most suitable adsorption isotherm was the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity of MIL-100(Fe)-W (222.89 mg/g) was higher than that of MIL-100(Fe)-C (151.59 mg/g). The result indicated that iron content in magnetic zircon tailing can be used as precursor for synthesis of MIL-100(Fe).
Synthesis of ferrate by electrolysis of iron at extreme pH for remediation of aquatic environments from dye and antibiotic wastes
Authors: Gunawan  , Prasetya N B A , Wijaya R A
Published: September 2024

The presence of dyestuffs and antibiotics in aquatic environments creates toxic contaminants and microbial resistance, which are harmful to human health and require special handling methods. The Advanced Oxidation Process method with ferrate (Fe(VI)) oxidising material has the potential for effective degradation of water pollutants, is environmentally friendly, and is easy to prepare. Therefore, in this study, ferrate synthesis from the electrolysis of iron at extreme pH for the remediation of the aquatic environment from waste dyes and antibiotics has been successfully carried out. Electrolysis was performed in a 14 M NaOH electrolyte using iron and zinc plates as anode and cathode electrodes, respectively. The effects of synthesis parameters such as time, NaOH concentration, and ferrate stability were observed. In addition, ferrate was applied to degrade the dyes methylene blue and the antibiotic ciprofloxacin. The degradation mechanism and application parameters such as pH, dosage, and time were also observed. The success of the synthesis was confirmed by the presence of FeO(OH) groups and the Na2FeO4 peaks characterised using FTIR, XRF, and XRD. Ferrate application for dyes obtained the best results on methylene blue degradation of 98% at pH 8 and a contact time of 70 minutes. The optimum ciprofloxacin degradation of 86.7% was obtained at pH 7 and 120 minutes. Dye degradation occurs through the breakdown of the C-S=C and azo (N=N) bonds. In contrast, in antibiotics, it occurs through the reaction of HFeO4
−/H2FeO4 with the active site of the piperazine ring. This shows that ferrate can potentially produce water remediation from dye and antibiotic waste for a better environment.
Mercury absorption using rice husk charcoal inoculated with five resistant bacteria
Authors: Efadeswarni  , Akhadi D H , Suyanti S , Herlina S , Amandita F Y , Suryati T , Andriyani R , Gafur N A , Apriyana A Y , Zulaikha S , Hidayati N , Ambarsari H
Published: September 2024

The use of biosorption for the rehabilitation of polluted water and soils has recently gained popularity. Biosorption is a low-risk method that immobilizes harmful compounds by employing organic waste. Mercury contamination in Indonesia requires an immediate remedy that is both inexpensive and applicable in rural regions where pollution sources are concentrated. The current study aims to investigate the usage of various organic materials, namely rice husk charcoal, compost, coco dust, and zeolite, as biosorption agents for mercury remediation through collaboration with mercury-resistant bacteria. Five previously examined bacteria strains were shown to be viable only in compost and rice husk charcoal after 30 days of observation. Further research on rice husk charcoal has shown that it might reduce mercury contamination in liquid medium with and without the inclusion of microorganisms. At 24 hours, the partnership of rice husk charcoal and mercury-resistant bacteria was shown to be more successful in absorbing the mercury by up to 66 percent. In contrast, biochar alone can only absorb mercury by up to 31 percent. This suggests that the activity of the bacteria can boost biochar’s capability to immobilize the mercury compound. Thus, the utilization of rice husk biochar amended with mercury-resistant bacteria is valuable and should be further studied as a possible mercury bioremediation agent.
From waste to an added-value commodity: challenges in valorization opportunity of tin-residual sand for silica-based industry
Authors: Sulista S
Published: September 2024

Extensive tin mining activities produce sand piles with high silica, leaving vast environmental and economic responsibilities. The circular economy implementation can address these problems by valorizing quartz sand as industrial sand. Therefore, the study assesses the quartz sand left over from tin mining and processing activities on Bangka Island to become a valuable product within the CPQvA Framework consisting of classification (C), potential utilization (P), quantity and viability (Qv), and application (A). The criteria comprise 12 weighted questions to define the criticality indices categorized as easy, moderate, and difficult. With complex purification technology, quartz sand can be used as silica sand for ceramics, foundry mould, refractory bricks, glass, and solar cells. The quantity is large and feasible for a factory scale with expensive investment and operational costs. The product performance shows good quality from a technical aspect. Due to impurities content and its complex purification technology, the valorization of quartz sand produces a difficult criticality index for the solar cells, a moderate criticality index for the glass and ceramics industry, and an easy criticality index for the glaze, refractory brick, and foundry mold industries. Therefore, proven and efficient purification technology is crucial for further research.
Enhancing aquaponic cultivation in Indonesia: A comparative study of bioball biofilters with different additives
Authors: Taufikurahman Taufik , Tri Astutiningsih Novi , Shofiyah Ulfa Nanda , Aliyyatussaadah Izma , Izzurahman Thoriq
Published: September 2024

The development of aquaponic cultivation in Indonesia remains limited despite its potential to significantly boost farmers’ and communities’ income. In aquaponics, fish are regularly fed, while plants solely rely on nutrients derived from leftover feed and fish waste, without external supplementation. Biofilters play a crucial role in aquaponic systems, providing a growth medium for microorganisms that convert fish feces’ ammonia into nitrates, essential for plant nutrition. In general, biofilters use bioball material, so as to optimize the biofilter, this study compares the effectiveness of different materials, namely activated charcoal, shells, and coconut fiber, when incorporated into bioball biofilters within aquaponic systems. The research was conducted on an aquaponic installation featuring an NFT system utilizing PVC pipes. The experiment involved 45 tilapia fish, each measuring 7-11 cm and weighing 10-15 grams, alongside red lettuce plants planted in 10 holes per pipe, with 6 replications. After 45 days from planting, the plants were harvested, and observations were made on both plant and fish growth. The growth of red lettuce plants in the biofilter installation with shells addition (BS) showed the best results based on parameters such as plant height, leaf width, plant dry weight, and shoot:root ratio. The installation with coconut fiber addition (BS) showed the best results in terms of number of leaves. BA installation with activated carcoal addition (BA) showed the best results in terms of number of Leaf chlorophyll. The highest percentage of survival for Nile tilapia was observed in the BS and BA installation with a rate of 88.89%, followed by 78.57% in the BC installation, and 60.46% in the BB installation.
PLTBg investment analysis from agricultural organic waste to produce electrical energy: preliminary potential analysis study and investment in the Caringin Main Market, Bandung
Authors: Priantoro E A , Butar Butar E S , Sembiring T
Published: September 2024

Biogas is a product of the decomposition of organic matter by microbial decomposers under anaerobic conditions. Biogas consists of various gases, especially methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, H2S and other gases as impurities. Biogas can be converted into fuel or electrical energy. One of the potential biogas raw materials is agricultural organic waste. This article and study are based on a survey of the potential for agricultural organic waste produced by the Caringin Main Market. Bandung and the amount of organic waste production reached 84 tons/day, resulting from the trading process in the market. The waste produced by the market is suitable to be used as biogas with an organic content of more than 97.7%; the remaining 2.3% is inorganic waste. Based on the economic and financial analysis, the NPV value was 356,487,559,415.34 and the IRR was 23%, which means it was higher than the interest rate set by the bank, while the PBP value was 5.8 years, much lower set by investors for 10 years and Profitable Index of 4,2 so that this project is declared economically and financially feasible.
Investigating the potential of deep eutectic solvents for metal recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Widya Aryani M , Manaf Azwar , Bahfie Fathan , Sapto Handoko Anton , Prasetyo Erik
Published: September 2024

The development of electric vehicles and portable electronic devices has increased the use of lithium-ion batteries, resulting in increased battery waste. Currently, efficient, and environmentally friendly lithium-ion battery recycling technology is needed to reduce environmental pollution due to LIB waste. Deep eutectic solvent (DES) is attracting attention as an environmentally friendly solvent that can be used in recycling processes. This research aims to obtain Co and Mn elements from recycled lithium-ion batteries using the leaching method using DES. In the DES synthesis process, ChCl is used as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and oxalic acid as a hydrogen bond donor (HBD) with an HBA/HBD ratio (1/1). Deep eutectic solvent ChCl: oxalic acid is used as a solvent in the process of leaching valuable metals from used lithium-ion batteries. The effect of temperature and time will be investigated on the leaching recovery. These variables include temperature variations (30°C, 55°C and 80°C), time variations (1,3,5,7, and 10 minutes) and S/L 1gr/50ml with a stirring speed of 1000rpm. The results showed that the leaching recovery of Co was 62.88% and Mn was 43.56% at a temperature of 80°C for 10 minutes.
Assessment of the level of heavy metal pollution in the river sediments near the landfill area
Authors: Wardhani E , Manova N A , Irmansyah A Z
Published: September 2024

A landfill creates new problems for the surrounding environment if the landfill is not managed properly. Some of the impacts of a poorly managed landfill can cause on the water and soil, and the potential for pollution to both is also very large. The parameter of heavy metal is one of the lines of landfill operations. The parameters of heavy metals come from the accumulation of organic and inorganic waste decomposition results. This study aims to analyze the concentration of heavy metals in water and river sediments adjacent to the landfill. The research location was carried out at two points: before and after the Sarimukti landfill. Measurement of heavy metal concentrations was carried out at Cipanawuan River by measuring Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Based on the research, it can be concluded that no heavy metal concentrations were detected in the water but were detected in the sediment. Compared to the ANZECC standard, the concentration of heavy metals in sediments still meets the standards. How to identify sediment quality is calculated using CF, Igeo, and MPI. The risk of heavy metal content in sediments is analyzed by PERI calculation. Based on the research, it is known that the CF value has a low level of pollution. Based on the Igeo value, it is not polluted to moderately polluted. Based on the MPI calculation, it is not polluted and has low ecological risk.
Building resilience of the green product supply chain in the apparel industry
Authors: Trihastuti D , Gunawan I , Sianto M E , Sagitha B R R
Published: September 2024

Implementing a green supply chain does not necessarily increase supply chain resilience. Industries with green product labels generally face more significant supply chain challenges. These challenges can come from internal or external disruptions. Therefore, building supply chain resilience (SCRes) capability is one strategy to survive and overcome disruptions while practising green business. Resilience is the ability of a system to respond to disturbances that occur due to an event. Strategic SCRes capabilities enable the supply chain to develop survival capacities that can absorb, adapt, and restore to form a new business model. This study investigates the gap between the resilience capability performance in the green supply chain and stakeholders’ expectations. It took place in an apparel manufacturer in Indonesia that supplies and produces for various global fashion brands where high environmental performance is required. A survey was conducted of 45 experts in the apparel supply chain to determine the SCRes’ capabilities. It employs the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method to analyze the result. The analysis includes the extent of the SCRes capabilities practices. It also examines the degree of gaps, whether larger or smaller, in positive or negative trends. The research found that the most challenging disruption in the green apparel supply chain is the availability of green material. The result shows that effective communication and coordination are the most significant SCRes capabilities. The second is the supply chain readiness toward demand fluctuation. Furthermore, the IPA results provide recommendations for increasing the resilience performance of the green supply chain in the apparel industry.
Arsenic contamination in rice consumption in Bandung city - West Java
Authors: Koesmawati T A , Fitria N , Pitoi Mariska M , Yusiasih R , Tanuwidjaja S , Pinarsih I , Gunawan A A , Rohman O , Syamsudin M
Published: September 2024

Arsenic contamination in rice is of concern due to the potential health risks associated with various health problems, including certain types of bladder and lung cancers and skin lesions. Arsenic is a naturally occurring element that can be found in soil and water and its contamination in rice is possible. Meanwhile, rice is a staple food in Indonesia and its consumption is widespread across the country. According to the US Department of Agriculture, Indonesia is the world’s fifteenth-largest rice consumption with 128.6 kg per capita per year thus arsenic in rice is a concern. This study was conducted to measure the arsenic contamination in rice consumed by people in Bandung. Bandung was preferably selected due to its high population. As the capital city of West Java, its population hits more than 2.5 million and places it as the 5th most populated area in Indonesia. Ten rice samples were collected from a traditional market in Bandung, West Java. The sample was prepared using the Indonesian Regulation Standard (SNI) method and measured by ICP-MS. The arsenic concentration in rice was found varies between 0.0775-0.2550 mg/kg. The maximum allowable arsenic content for consumption based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) is 0.4 mg/kg, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) is 0.3 mg/kg, and according to the European Commission Standard for parboiled milled rice, the maximum level is 0.15 mg/kg. The HQAs value was higher than 1 (HQAs > 1), the rice in Bandung Market have potential for non-carcinogenic risk in long-term. ILCRAs result in this study between ILCR > 10−3 and >10−4 indicates threshold cancer risk for rice consumption. By calculating the ILCR, scientists and policymakers can prioritize interventions, implement regulatory measures, and develop strategies to reduce exposure levels, ultimately mitigating the potential cancer risks within a given population. It is important to note that the study should be continued over the next few years, to monitor the potential health risks associated with consuming contaminated rice.
Green synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles using Tribulus terrestris: characterization and evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial efficacy against wound isolates
Authors: Choudary Maganti Raghav Prasad , Surya Muthuvel , Saravanan Muthupandian
Published: September 2024

Multi-drug resistance (MDR) infections are a significant global challenge, necessitating innovative and eco-friendly approaches for developing effective antimicrobial agents. This study focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. The CeO2 NPs were synthesized using a Tribulus terrestris aqueous extract through an environmentally friendly process. Characterization techniques included UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), x-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis. The UV–vis spectroscopy shows the presence of peak at 320 nm which confirms the formation of CeO2 NPs. The FT-IR analysis of the CeO2 NPs revealed several distinct functional groups, with peak values at 3287, 2920, 2340, 1640, 1538, 1066, 714, and 574 cm−1. These peaks correspond to specific functional groups, including C-H stretching in alkynes and alkanes, C=C=O, C=C, alkanes, C-O-C, C-Cl, and C-Br, indicating the presence of diverse chemical bonds within the CeO2 NPs. XRD revealed that the nanoparticles were highly crystalline with a face-centered cubic structure, and SEM images showed irregularly shaped, agglomerated particles ranging from 100–150 nm. In terms of biological activity, the synthesized CeO2 NPs demonstrated significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The nanoparticles exhibited 82.54% antioxidant activity at 100 μg ml−1, closely matching the 83.1% activity of ascorbic acid. Additionally, the CeO2 NPs showed 65.2% anti-inflammatory activity at the same concentration, compared to 70.1% for a standard drug. Antibacterial testing revealed that the CeO2 NPs were particularly effective against multi-drug resistant strains, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, and MRSA, with moderate activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae. These findings suggest that CeO2 NPs synthesized via T. terrestris have strong potential as antimicrobial agents in addressing MDR infections.
CDHu40: a novel marker gene set of neuroendocrine prostate cancer
Authors: Liu Sheng , Nam Hye Seung , Zeng Ziyu , Deng Xuehong , Pashaei Elnaz , Zang Yong , Yang Lei , Li Chenglong , Huang Jiaoti , Wendt Michael K , Lu Xin , Huang Rong , Wan Jun
Published: September 2024

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent cancer affecting American men. Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) can emerge during hormone therapy for PCa, manifesting with elevated serum prostate-specific antigen levels, continued disease progression, and/or metastasis to the new sites, resulting in a poor prognosis. A subset of CRPC patients shows a neuroendocrine (NE) phenotype, signifying reduced or no reliance on androgen receptor signaling and a particularly unfavorable prognosis. In this study, we incorporated computational approaches based on both gene expression profiles and protein–protein interaction networks. We identified 500 potential marker genes, which are significantly enriched in cell cycle and neuronal processes. The top 40 candidates, collectively named CDHu40, demonstrated superior performance in distinguishing NE PCa (NEPC) and non-NEPC samples based on gene expression profiles. CDHu40 outperformed most of the other published marker sets, excelling particularly at the prognostic level. Notably, some marker genes in CDHu40, absent in the other marker sets, have been reported to be associated with NEPC in the literature, such as DDC, FOLH1, BEX1, MAST1, and CACNA1A. Importantly, elevated CDHu40 scores derived from our predictive model showed a robust correlation with unfavorable survival outcomes in patients, indicating the potential of the CDHu40 score as a promising indicator for predicting the survival prognosis of those patients with the NE phenotype. Motif enrichment analysis on the top candidates suggests that REST and E2F6 may serve as key regulators in the NEPC progression.
The Pocosin's Lesson: Translating respect for Indigenous knowledge systems in environmental research
Authors: Emanuel Ryan E
Published: September 2024

Indigenous peoples living in what is now coastal North Carolina gave the name pocosin to a unique type of nonriparian wetland endemic to the region. Their Algonquian dialects are poorly documented in colonial records and have been dormant for centuries; not even contemporary Indigenous peoples in the region speak these particular languages. But for decades, environmental researchers and practitioners have asserted in publications, classrooms, and public-facing materials that pocosin literally translates to “swamp on a hill.” Despite widespread assertions, no evidence exists to support the claim. This article debunks the widely circulated translation and explains, more generally, how even well-intentioned efforts to acknowledge Indigenous peoples and their knowledge systems within Western scientific frameworks may cause harm by undermining those Indigenous peoples’ stewardship of traditional ecological knowledge or by reinforcing other aspects of colonialism. The lessons apply broadly to researchers, practitioners, and institutions that engage with Indigenous peoples and their knowledge systems.
Patient, tumour, and dosimetric factors influencing survival in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy
Authors: Padden-Modi Minal , Spivak Yevhen , Gleeson Ian , Robinson Andrew , Thippu Jayaprakash Kamalram
Published: September 2024

Objectives

We aimed to analyse clinical outcomes of peripheral, early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR), and evaluate potential patient, tumour, and dosimetric variables influencing survival.

Methods

Data were collected retrospectively from patients treated between September 2012 and December 2016 and followed up until January 2021. Patient demographics, tumour characteristics, SABR dosimetric parameters, and survival data were collected from electronic patient medical records. Descriptive statistics were performed, and SPSS software was used for survival analysis.

Results

Eighty-nine patients were included of whom 49.5% were male and 50.5% female. Median age was 74 years. 98.8% of patients had T1-2 tumours and 89.9% underwent 55 Gy in 5 fractions. Median overall survival time was 58.7 months. On uni- and multi-variate analysis, neither patient nor tumour variables showed association with overall survival. However, planning target volume (PTV) and minimum dose to PTV correlated with overall survival. There was a signal for association between mean lung dose and overall survival on multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

Our long-term results show SABR is an effective treatment for peripheral, early-stage NSCLC with excellent overall survival, comparable to other series. Our study found only the PTV and minimum dose to PTV had an impact on overall survival, which demonstrates the importance of generating optimal SABR plans.

Advances in knowledge

Our work identified lung SABR dosimetric parameters that correlate with survival, which illustrates the importance of producing optimal lung SABR plans.
Local organization of spatial and shape information in the primate prefrontal cortex
Authors: Sun Yunyi , Dang Wenhao , Jaffe Rye G , Constantinidis Christos
Published: September 2024

The current understanding of sensory and motor cortical areas has been defined by the existence of topographical maps across the brain surface, however, higher cortical areas, such as the prefrontal cortex, seem to lack an equivalent organization, and only limited evidence of functional clustering of neurons with similar stimulus properties is evident in them. We thus sought to examine whether neurons that represent similar spatial and object information are clustered in the monkey prefrontal cortex and whether such an organization only emerges as a result of training. To this end, we analyzed neurophysiological recordings from male macaque monkeys before and after training in spatial and shape working memory tasks. Neurons with similar spatial or shape selectivity were more likely than chance to be encountered at short distances from each other. Some aspects of organization were present even in naïve animals, however other changes appeared after cognitive training. Our results reveal that prefrontal microstructure automatically supports orderly representations of spatial and object information.
Partisan Politics in Greece from 1974 to the Economic Crisis and Beyond
Authors: Economides George , Kammas Pantelis , Konstantinou Panagiotis , Sarantides Vassilis
Published: September 2024

This paper presents the main features of the Greek political landscape during the period 1974–2008 and examines whether the governing ideology of the country’s main political parties is correlated with specific fiscal and monetary policy patterns. The descriptive analysis reveals two key findings. First, the data indicates ideological differences in fiscal policy during the pre-1993 period, with PASOK governments exhibiting higher public spending and deficits, while the conservative New Democracy (ND) demonstrated greater fiscal restraint. Monetary policy during this period also appears to follow ideological differences. Second, in the post-1993 period, two trends emerged that do not seem to be ideologically driven. From 1994 to 2001, both major political parties in Greece focused on joining the Economic and Monetary Union, aligning their policies with the Maastricht Treaty. This resulted in a decrease in government expenditure and an increase in total revenue, even under the left-wing PASOK government that was in office during that period. However, after Greece joined the eurozone, external constraints such as the Stability and Growth Pact did not effectively enforce fiscal discipline. From 2001 onward, there was an increase in expansionary fiscal policies, even under the right-wing ND government, suggesting that government ideology had minimal influence on fiscal variables during this period. Greece provides an intriguing example of how partisan politics can intersect with international institutional and policy constraints. (JEL codes: H2 and H1)
2L-LSH: A Locality-Sensitive Hash Function-Based Method For Rapid Point Cloud Indexing
Authors: Wang Shurui , Zhang Yuhe , Guo Ruizhe , Zhang Yaning , Xie Yifei , Zhou Xinyu
Published: September 2024

The development of 3D scanning technology has enabled the acquisition of massive point cloud models with diverse structures and large scales, thereby presenting significant challenges in point cloud processing. Fast neighboring points search is one of the most common problems, which is frequently used in model reconstruction, classification, retrieval and feature visualization. Hash function is well known for its high-speed and accurate performance in searching high-dimensional data, which is also the core of the proposed 2L-LSH. Specifically, the 2L-LSH algorithm adopts a two-step hash function strategy, in which the popular step divides the bounding box of the point cloud model and the second step constructs a generalized table-based data structure. The proposed 2L-LSH offers a highly efficient and accurate solution for fast neighboring points search in large-scale 3D point cloud models, making it a promising technique for various applications in the field. The proposed algorithm is compared with the well-known methods including Kd-tree and Octree; the obtained results demonstrated that the proposed method outperforms Kd-tree and Octree in terms of speed, i.e. the time consumption of kNN search can be 51.111% and 94.159% lower than Kd-tree and Octree, respectively. And the RN search time can be 54.519% and 41.840% lower than Kd-tree and Octree, respectively.
The impact of cone beam CT on outcomes associated with endodontic access cavity preparation: a controlled human analogue study using 3D-printed first maxillary molars
Authors: McGuigan Margarete B , Duncan Henry F , Krastl Gabriel , Ludwig Julia , Honari Bahman , Horner Keith
Published: September 2024

Objectives

To identify if supplemental preoperative cone beam CT (CBCT) imaging could improve outcomes related to endodontic access cavity preparation, using 3D-printed maxillary first molars (M1Ms) in a rigorously simulated, controlled human analogue study.

Methods

Eighteen operators with 3 experience-levels took part in 2 simulated clinical sessions, 1 with and 1 without the availability of CBCT imaging, in a randomized order and with an intervening 8-week washout period. Operators attempted the location of all 4 root canals in each of 3 custom-made M1Ms (2 non-complex and 1 complex mesiobuccal [MB] canal anatomy). The primary outcome was tooth volume removed. Secondary outcomes were linear cavity dimensions, canals located, and procedural time. Operator confidence and “helpfulness” of available imaging were recorded. Statistical analysis of data included: paired t-tests, Fisher’s exact test, linear mixed-effect modelling, and Mann-Whitney U test, with an alpha level of .05 for all.

Results

When supplemental preoperative CBCT was available, there were significant reductions in volume of the access cavity and procedural times, with significantly increased MB2 canal location, but only for teeth with non-complex anatomies and for more experienced operators. Linear mixed-effect modelling identified image type and operator experience as significant predictors of tooth volume removed and procedural time. There was significantly lower confidence in canal location and perceived “helpfulness” (all Experience Groups) when conventional imaging only was used compared with when CBCT was available.

Conclusions

Supplemental preoperative CBCT had several beneficial impacts on access cavity preparation, although this only applied to teeth with non-complex anatomy and for more experienced operators.
Right ventriculography to guide left bundle branch pacing in pacing-induced cardiomyopathy: a novel case report
Authors: Dulay Mansimran Singh , Ahmed Raheel , Child Nick , Arnold Ahran , Tanner Mark
Published: September 2024

Background

There is emerging evidence for the potential utility of left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP), as an alternative to conventional cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). The utility of right ventriculography by way of power injector to facilitate lead placement has not yet been reported in the literature.

Case summary

A 79-year-old female, with a background of poorly rate-controlled atrial fibrillation, presented with worsening dyspnoea. She had recently undergone single-chamber pacemaker insertion prior to an atrioventricular nodal (AVN) ablation, owing to failure in achieving successful CRT coronary sinus lead placement. She had clinical evidence of volume overload, and her electrocardiogram demonstrated right ventricular pacing. Echocardiography demonstrated left ventricular (LV) impairment, with an ejection fraction (EF) of 35%, and severe functional mitral regurgitation (MR). Her diagnosis was overall consistent with pacing-induced cardiomyopathy (PIC). In this patient, the use of right ventriculography, using power-injector-delivered contrast, successfully facilitated placement of an LBBAP lead, with confirmation of good threshold and sensing parameters. Following an upgrade to conduction system pacing, the patient recovered well. On recent follow-up, repeat echocardiography (24 months post initial presentation) demonstrated improved LV function (EF 45% from 35%) and only mild-to-moderate MR.

Discussion

In conclusion, we demonstrate the utility of right ventriculography to facilitate placement of an LBBAP lead, successfully treating a patient who developed PIC from chronic right ventricular pacing following AVN ablation.
Sexually antagonistic coevolution can explain female display signals and male sensory adaptations
Authors: Wiberg R Axel W , Murray Rosalind L , Herridge Elizabeth , Pärssinen Varpu , Gwynne Darryl T , Bussière Luc F
Published: September 2024

The prevalence and diversity of female ornaments pose a challenge to evolutionary theory because males should prefer mates that spend resources on offspring rather than on ornaments. Among dance flies, there is extraordinary variation in sexual dimorphism. Females of many species have conspicuous ornaments (leg scales and inflatable abdominal sacs). Meanwhile, males of some species have exaggerated regions of their eyes with larger ommatidial facets that allow for regionally elevated photosensitivity and/or acuity. Here, we conduct a comparative study of these traits using both species descriptions available from the literature, as well as quantitative measures of eyes and ornaments from wild-caught flies. We show a conspicuous covariance across species between exaggerated male dorsal eye regions and the extent of female ornaments: species with highly ornamented females have males with more exaggerated eyes. We discuss this pattern in the context of competing hypotheses for the evolution of these traits and propose a plausible role for sexually antagonistic coevolution.
Identification of Stutzerimonas stutzeri volatile organic compounds that enhance the colonization and promote tomato seedling growth
Authors: Ren Fangfang , Liu Ning , Gao Bei , Shen Hui , Li Shanshan , Li Linmei , Zheng Donghui , Shen Weishou , Gao Nan
Published: September 2024

Aims

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have an important function in plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) development and plant growth. This study aimed to identify VOCs of the PGPR strain, Stutzerimonas stutzeri NRCB010, and investigate their effects on NRCB010 biofilm formation, swarming motility, colonization, and tomato seedling growth.

Methods and results

Solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were performed to identify the VOCs produced during NRCB010 fermentation. A total of 28 VOCs were identified. Among them, seven (e.g. γ-valerolactone, 3-octanone, mandelic acid, 2-heptanone, methyl palmitate, S-methyl thioacetate, and 2,3-heptanedione), which smell well, are beneficial for plant, or as food additives, and without serious toxicities were selected to evaluate their effects on NRCB010 and tomato seedling growth. It was found that most of these VOCs positively influenced NRCB010 swarming motility, biofilm formation, and colonization, and the tomato seedling growth. Notably, γ-valerolactone and S-methyl thioacetate exhibited the most positive performances.

Conclusion

The seven NRCB010 VOCs, essential for PGPR and crop growth, are potential bioactive ingredients within microbial fertilizer formulations. Nevertheless, the long-term sustainability and replicability of the positive effects of these compounds across different soil and crop types, particularly under field conditions, require further investigation.
How do you solve a problem like jāhiliyya? The struggle over sayyid Quṭb’s legacy among Jordanian Muslim Brothers
Authors: Wagemakers Joas
Published: September 2024

The Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood ideologue Sayyid Quṭb (1906–66) is perhaps the most famous Islamist intellectual of the twentieth century, mostly because of his radical ideas. In academic literature, Quṭb’s controversial views—especially his use of the term ‘jāhiliyya’—are equally dominant and it is also because of this that Muslim scholars allied to the Egyptian state have criticized him. To deal with the Egyptian state’s repression of Islamists and its vilification of Quṭb as emblematic of the danger they supposedly represent, several Egyptian Brothers have tried to salvage Quṭb as a martyr for the cause, but have apologetically portrayed his ideas as moderate. This article analyses how Jordanian Muslim Brothers, who participate in a far more inclusive political environment, have interpreted Quṭb’s works (especially the concept of jāhiliyya), and what this tells us about Quṭb’s legacy.
Physiological and molecular insights into alternate bearing in mango using next-generation sequencing approaches
Authors: Sharma Nimisha , Vittal Hatkari , Dubey Anil K , Sharma Radha M , Singh Sanjay K , Sharma Neha , Singh Nisha , Khandelwal Ashish , Gupta Deepak K , Mishra Gyan P , Meena Mahesh Chand , Pandey Rakesh , Singh Nagendra Kumar
Published: September 2024

The productivity of the mango crop in India is hindered by many factors, one of the most important factors is our limited understanding of the genomic complexities behind the regular versus alternate bearing habit of fruit. In this study, we quantified carbohydrate fractions, protein content, and macro- and micronutrient storage pools together with their transportation and contributions to a regular bearing variety, Totapuri, and to an alternate-bearer, Bombay Green during the ‘off’ year. RNA-sequencing was used to assess gene expression dynamics between buds and flowers of these varieties. Differential pathway analysis showed the greatest number of differentially expressed genes in metabolic processes, followed by oxidoreductase, hormone, oxidative stress, starvation, alternate bearing, flowering, meristem, and cellular component pathways. Bioinformatics analysis showed that, among 15 highly differentially expressed genes between varieties representing alternate bearing, hormone, and carbohydrate metabolism pathways, 12 were up-regulated in Totapuri and 3 in Bombay Green, and this was confirmed by qRT-PCR. In addition, 202 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in 32 genes related to alternate bearing. Our results confirmed the strong ability of reproductive buds to import sugars, proteins, and starch in the regular-bearer variety, thereby enhancing flowering and fruiting during ‘off’ years. Thus, our study shows a potential role for the mineral nutrient and biochemical constituents of buds and leaves in determining the regular versus alternate bearing fruiting habit in mango.
Double-stranded DNA antibody test using BioPlex220 system: unacceptable option for SLE diagnosis and follow-up
Authors: Kadkhoda Kamran , Schroeder Gordon , Boyert Nicole , Dee Matthew
Published: September 2024

The anti-double-stranded (ds)DNA antibody test is an integral part of diagnosing systemic lupus erythematosus when the entry criterion is satisfied. We investigated the sensitivity of the BioPlex 2200 instrument compared with the serological gold standard and other tests and clinical information. The results showed an unacceptable sensitivity for this method. Laboratories should be cognizant of this shortcoming when selecting this platform for dsDNA antibody testing.
Achondroplasia
Authors: Clark Robin D. , Curry Cynthia J.
Published: September 2024

This chapter reviews the incidence, recurrence risk, and etiology of achondroplasia, the most common skeletal dysplasia. This may be suspected by US in the late second trimester. The clinical features at birth are characteristic with macrocephaly, rhizomelic shortening and a trident hand. Radiographs can confirm the diagnosis. Molecular testing may not be needed in typical cases. Monitoring these infants for compression of the foramen magnum should be based on clinical symptoms such as central sleep apnea, wosening hypotonia and poor feeding. The incidence of SIDS is increased in achondroplasia due to cord compression. Cognitive development is usually normal. Recommendations for parents caring for these infants are included as well as links to the major support group. Clinical trials for drug treatment in Achondroplaia are in process and results are encouraging.
Unlocking the Potential of the CICERO Spinning Disk System: Exploring Diverse Applications
Authors: Ferrucci Laura , Brighi Carlo , Giubettini Maria
Published: September 2024

CrestOptics aims to make their products accessible to researchers, enabling a variety of applications, and to create products that are both efficient and user-friendly. The CICERO confocal spinning disk system embodies these principles, designed for easy integration into any imaging setup. Its compactness and flexibility make advanced fluorescence microscopy accessible to laboratories worldwide. This article will focus on the great versatility and strengths of the CICERO system, which is a complete widefield (WF) and spinning disk confocal (CF) solution. It will demonstrate its key features, namely its use on both inverted and upright microscopy configurations, its wide spectral range, the high resolution and sectioning power, and its large field of view (FOV). Microscopy Today has awarded CICERO a 2024 Innovation Award for these features.
Kalman tracking and parameter estimation of continuous gravitational waves with a pulsar timing array
Authors: Kimpson Tom , Melatos Andrew , O’Leary Joseph , Carlin Julian B , Evans Robin J , Moran William , Cheunchitra Tong , Dong Wenhao , Dunn Liam , Greentree Julian , O’Neill Nicholas J , Suvorova Sofia , Thong Kok Hong , Vargas Andrés F
Published: September 2024

Continuous nanohertz gravitational waves from individual supermassive black hole binaries may be detectable with pulsar timing arrays. A novel search strategy is developed, wherein intrinsic achromatic spin wandering is tracked simultaneously with the modulation induced by a single gravitational wave source in the pulse times of arrival. A two-step inference procedure is applied within a state-space framework, such that the modulation is tracked with a Kalman filter, which then provides a likelihood for nested sampling. The procedure estimates the static parameters in the problem, such as the sky position of the source, without fitting for ensemble-averaged statistics such as the power spectral density of the timing noise, and therefore complements traditional parameter estimation methods. It also returns the Bayes factor relating a model with a single gravitational wave source to one without, complementing traditional detection methods. It is shown via astrophysically representative software injections in Gaussian measurement noise that the procedure distinguishes a gravitational wave from pure noise down to a characteristic wave strain of $h_0 \approx 2 \times 10^{-15}$. Full posterior distributions of model parameters are recovered and tested for accuracy. There is a bias of $\approx 0.3$ rad in the marginalized one-dimensional posterior for the orbital inclination $\iota$, introduced by dropping the so-called pulsar terms. Smaller biases $\lesssim 10~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ are also observed in other static parameters.