bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research of secure two-party quantum comparing protocol
Authors: Liu Wen  , Wang Yong-Bin  ,   School of Computer, Communication University of China, Beijing 100024, China
Published: December 2020

Secure two-party comparing problem is used to compare two private integer without further leaking of information. But in case of the quantum computer the currently available solutions become useless. A secure two-party quantum comparing protocol in semi-honest model is presented based on the a quantum implicit module n+1 addition. The security of the protocol is analyzed.
The Logistic-Unified hybrid chaotic system
Authors: Liu Yang-Zheng  , Lin Chang-Sheng  , Li Xin-Chao  , Liu Hai-Peng  , Wang Zhong-Lin  ,   (1)Department of Physics and Electronics, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256603, China; (2)Institute of Nonlinear Physics, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China
Published: December 2020

A Logistic-Unified hybrid chaotic system is generated. In this system, following the random changing of the state variable values of the Logistic map, the parameter values of the Unified system can be modulated randomly, and the Logistic-Unified hybrid chaotic system can be switched between the generalized Lorenz system, Lü system and generalized Chen system randomly. The extremely complicated chaotic signal is generated via the Logistic-Unified hybrid chaotic system. The Logistic-Unified hybrid chaotic system is realized based on digital signal processing (DSP). Hardware experiments and software simulation are completely consistent, and the results demonstrate the validily of the theoretical analysis.
Observer synchronization method for a class of perturbed chaotic systems with unknown parameters
Authors: Li Xiu-Chun  , Gu Jian-Hua  , Wang Yun-Lan  , Zhao Tian-Hai  ,   Centre for High Performance Computing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
Published: December 2020

Combining the observer and adaptive method, chaos synchronization is realized for a class of the perturbed chaotic systems with unknown parameters. Lyapunov stability theory and Barbalat lemma are adopted to design observer for achieving chaos synchronization. This method has fewer constraints and can be applied to many chaotic systems. Numerical simulations of representative chaotic systems further verify the validity of the proposed method.
Projective synchronization of a weighted network in a laser spatiotemporal chaos model
Authors: Lü Ling  , Meng Le  , Guo Li  , Zou Jia-Rui  , Yang Ming  ,   College of Physics and Electronic Technology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
Published: December 2020

A method is introduced to realize spatiotemporal chaos projective synchronization for a weighted network. The coupling function between connected nodes of the weighted network is derived and the range of the linear coefficient matrix of separated configuration in state equation of the node is obtained through constructing an appropriate Lyapunov function. Each node of the weight network is a laser spatiotemporal chaos model in which Bragg acousto-optical bistable system and unilateral coupled map lattices are taken as the local function and the spatial extended system, respectively. The projective synchronization effect of the weighted network is checked by numerical emulation. The results show that projective synchronization can be realized even if the coupling strength between the nodes are given arbitrary weight values.
ADRC and CMAC combined optimization and control for a class of discrete-time uncertain chaotic systems
Authors: Li Xiao-Hua  , Liu Zhao-Hua  , Zhang Ying-Jie  , Zhang Jing  , Wu Jian-Hui  ,   (1)College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (2)College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; School of Computer and Communication, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (3)Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Changsha Normal College, Changsha 410100,China; (4)School of Computer and Communication, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
Published: December 2020

Immune dynamic particle swarm optimization (IDPSO) strategy integrated with active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) and cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC) combined control is designed for uncertain nonlinear discrete-time chaotic systems. The ADRC-CMAC is comprised of a cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC) and an ADRC controller. The ADRC controller is designed to guarantee the stability of the system and restrict the disturbance. The CMAC is used to guarantee the control precision and response speed. Immune binary-state particle swarm algorithm is used to tune online the parameters of the ADRC-CMAC. Simulation results of uncertain nonlinear discrete-time systems demonstrate that performance with favorable response speed and restrained disturbance can be achieved by using the proposed control system.
Analysis and design of semiconductor detector for high-power terahertz pulse
Authors: Wang Guang-Qiang  , Wang Jian-Guo  , Tong Chang-Jiang  , Li Xiao-Ze  , Wang Xue-Feng  ,   (1)Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (2)Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, China
Published: December 2020

A 0.14 THz high-power terahertz pulse detector based on hot electron effect in semiconductors is designed in this paper. First, the working principle of the detector is analyzed and its relative sensitivity is derived according to the structural characteristics of the detector. Then a three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method is used to simulate the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and relative sensitivity in a linear region. With optimized structural parameters, the VSWR of the designed detector is less than 1.3 while the relative sensitivity is about 0.6 kW-1, fluctuating no more than 10% in a frequency range of 0.13—0.16 THz. Subsequently discussed are the effect of Joule heat on the detector, and the relation between variation ratio of the output voltage and terahertz pulse duration. Finally the detecting simulations of the detector and its analysis results show that the detector with response time of picosecond-leval can handle a maximum power of about 2.2 kW, while the maximum power of its linear working region reaches tens of watts, so it can accomplish the direct measuring of 0.14 THz high-power terahertz pulses with nanosecond-level durations, increasing the accuracy of power measurement.
The antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model after a suddenly switched-on interaction
Authors: Zhou Zong-Li  , Zhang Guo-Shun  , Lou Ping  ,   (1)School of Physics & Material Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China; (2)School of Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
Published: December 2020

Based on the Heisenberg model, the anti-ferromagnet following the interaction suddenly switched-on at t=0 is considered in this paper. In the limit of low temperature, the time evolution of observables is analytically studied by utilizing the flow equation method. According to the unique feature of the system, the way to obtain the evolution of observables is shown and applied to the system we focused on. Further, special emphasis is laid on the application of the flow equation method to non-equilibrium magnetic systems so that the validity of the method applied to this kind of systems is traced. By means of this method, the evolution of magnetization of the ground state is traced in detail. It is found that the magnetization oscillates with time rather than converges,which is different from that of non-equilibrium Luttinger liquids.
Investigation on inert gases transport processin plutonium aerosol
Authors: Wu Huai-Long  , Tian Dong-Feng  , Hao Fan-Hua  , Gong Jian  ,   Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang 621900,China
Published: December 2020

It is a key aspect to study security of radioactivity gas in reactor circulation. It is necessary to study the transport process of radioactivity inert gases krypton in plutonium aerosol environment after fission occurrence. The experimental data of Kr87 and Kr88 were analyzed. According to the physical propertics of the two different sources,Kr87/Kr88 ratio variety law was analyzed at different sampling times. The physiced picture and model of transport process in plutonium aerosol environment were established by comparing with experimental data.
Response function and relative efficiency measurementsof the BC501A scintillator by usinga 252Cf fast fission chamber
Authors: Li Cheng  , Wang Mei  , Yan Jie  , Liu Rong  , Jiang Li  , Lu Xin-Xin  ,   (1)Department of Modern Physics,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China; (2)Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemisty, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
Published: December 2020

The response function and relative efficiency of a Φ50.8 mm×50.8 mm BC501A scintillator has been measured by using a252Cf fast fission chamber. In this method,a multi-parameter data acquisition system is employed to take the time-of-flight (TOF),pulse shape discrimination (PSD) and recoil energy (RE. note: fission neutron induces recoil proton while the prompt gamma ray induces Compton recoil electron) of the fission neutron and prompt gamma ray in an event-by-event mode with a TOF gate. The off-line data analysis method for separating the prompt gamma ray from the fission neutron as well as its contribution to the TOF spectrum and RE spectrum to obtain the relative efficiency and response function is discussed in detail. An accurate calibration of the effective neutron detection threshold is carried out by a linear extrapolation of the section around the point of inflexion in the relative efficiency plots using neutron energy directly. The relative efficiency with 0.51 MeV effective neutron detection threshold agrees with the Monte Carlo calculation result of NEFF. The response function from 0.5 MeV to 5 MeV generally agrees with the published experimental result of the NE213 scintillator of the same size.
Surface enhanced Raman scattering of pyridazine molecule:absorption configuration and enhancementmechanism via bond polarizabilities
Authors: Fang Chao  , Wu Guo-Zhen  ,   (1)Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China; (2)Molecular and Nano Sciences Laboratory,Department of Physics,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China
Published: December 2020

The temporal molecular bond polarizabilities of pyridazine molecule absorbed on Ag electrode were explored from its surface enhanced Raman intensities, showing that the two nitrogen atoms are the absorption sites and the enhancement is dominated by the charge transfer mechanism. The behaviors of the charges on the skeletal bonds were demonstrated under various applied voltages, which shows the conjugation effect. This algorithm is universal for the surface systems as long as their Raman spectra are available.
Study on double incidence left-handed material composed of double Z-shaped metal strips
Authors: Wang Hai-Xia  , Lü Ying-Hua  , Zhang Hong-Xin  , Wu Yan-Ling  ,   School of electronic engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
Published: December 2020

A new 2D left-handed material structural unit is proposed by setting two reversely symmetrical Z metal strips on each side of the dielectric substrate respectively. The structure can present left-handed properties in X waveband, with electromagnetic waves incident either perpendicularly or parallel to the plane of the substrate. By means of numerical simulation, extracting the effective permittivity and permeability from S parameters and building the equivalent magnetic resonance circuits of the structure, the left-handed property is further analyzed and verified. And by comparing the double Z-shape unit with the traditional H-shape unit, it is shown that they have similar responses of presenting left-handed pass band when electromagnetic waves are incident perpendicularly to the substrate, but only the double Z-shape unit can achieve left-handed features when electromagnetic waves are incident parallel to the substrate. The results indicate that the double Z-shape left-handed structural unit is superior to the traditional H-shape structure, namely, the double Z-shape can redound to design left-handed structural unit for double dimension incidence of electromagnetic waves.
Determination of the optical constants of the magnetron sputtered aluminum oxide films from the transmission spectra
Authors: Liao Guo-Jin  , Luo Hong  , Yan Shao-Feng  , Dai Xiao-Chun  , Chen Ming  ,   (1)Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Liaoning University of technoligy, Jinzhou 121001,China; (2)Petro China Northeast Refining ＆ Chemicals Engineering Company Limited Jinzhou Design Institute, Jinzhou 121001,China
Published: December 2020

By combining Swanepoel's theory and the Wemple-DiDomenico dispersion model, a simple method was established to determine the optical contants of the magnetron sputtered aluminum oxide films directly from the corresponding transmission spectra. The results showed that the magnetron sputtered aluminum oxide films exhibit the optical characteristics of high refractive index of 1.5661.76 (at 550 nm), negligible absorption in spectral region of 4001100 nm, as well as the direct band gap of about 3.914.2 eV. And the specific values of the optical constants strongly depend on the annealing temperature , which is one of the important technological parameters for the magnetron sputtered aluminum oxide films. Moreover, in the weak and medium absorption spectral regions, the calculated values of refractive indices are in satisfactory agreement with the results derived from the high-resolution Tek3000 film-characterization system, indicating the reliability and feasibility of the method in determining the optical constants of Al2O3films.
Research on the algorithm of three-dimensional information encryption based on the phase extraction
Authors: Shi Yi-Shi  , Wang Ya-Li  , Yang Yu-Hua  , Xiao Jun  ,   (1)College of Applied Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (2)Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Published: December 2020

The algorithm for three-dimensional information encryption based on the phase extraction is proposed. The three-dimensional information with the pure amplitude and pure phase are constructed as the encryption target. First, the complex amplitude of the three-dimensional information is calculated under the scalar diffraction theory. Then its phase distribution is extracted independently and it is encrypted with the double random phase encoding. The decryption algorithm is just the inverse process as the above. Computer simulations demonstrate the feasibility, the robustness and the security of the algorithm. Further, it is revealed the potential of applying the algorithm for the three-dimensional information encryption with much larger information quantity.
The study of color digital holography free from the zero-order diffraction interruption
Authors: Fan Ze-Bin  , Song Qing-He  , Li Jun-Chang  , Tankam Patrice  , Picart Pascal  ,   (1)ENSIM-École Nationale Supérieure d’Ingénieurs du Mans, rue Aristote, 72085 LE MANS, France; (2)Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093,China; (3)LAUM, CNRS, Université du Maine, Av. O. Messiaen, 72085 LE MANS, France
Published: December 2020

In the study of color digital holography, using the spherical wave as the reconstruction wave, the wave-front reconstruction with the angular spectrum diffraction formula is an effective approach. However, this method is usually accompanied by intense zero-order diffraction interruption. In this paper, based on the theoretical analysis, an important modification of the wave-front reconstruction process has been made. The color digital holography experiment result demonstrated that the quality of reconstructed color image has been improved remarkably with this modified method.
The use of dynamic cavity environment to achieve controlling of the process of spontaneous emission of an atom
Authors: Huang Xian-Shan  , Liu Hai-Lian  ,   School of Math and Physics Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243000,China
Published: December 2020

In the paper, we theoretically discuss the use of dynamic cavity environment to realize controlling of the evolution of spontaneous emission from an excited two-level atom. It is found that cyclical changes in cavity environment leads to the interaction betwcen the electromagnetic modes, resulting in the redistribution of the electromagnetic modes density; both the frequency of energy exchange and the energy dissipation rate between atom and environment are affected. When the frequency of environment change is relatively accordant with the process of energy exchange between the atom and environment, the decay rate is obviously inhibited and a stable coherence evolution can be obtained. Thus the evolution of coherent states can be modulated by using dynamic environment changes.
The two-photon absorption saturation process in an Au nanoparticle array
Authors: Wang Kai  , Long Hua  , Fu Ming  , Zhang Li-Chao  , Yang Guang  , Lu Pei-Xiang  ,   Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Division of Laser Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074,China
Published: December 2020

The triangular Au nanoparticle array of size 37 nm was fabricated on a quartz substrate using nanosphere lithography. By performing the Z-scan method with femtosecond laser (800 nm, 50 fs), the optical nonlinearity of the Au nanoparticle array was determined. The results showed an intensity-related two-photon absorption saturation processes. As the excitation intensity increases, the nonlinear absorption changes from two-photon absorption to saturated absorption, while the nonlinear refraction exhibits self-defocusing effect. The one- and two-photon figures of merit, W=7.5 and T=0.12, were obtained, validating a high efficiency nonlinear material for all-optical switching.
Three-dimensional short-range interactions of strongly nonlocal optical spatial solitons
Authors: Zhang Xia-Ping  ,   Department of Physics,Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 210017,China
Published: December 2020

Basing on the accurate Gaussian analytical solution of a pair of (1+2)D optical spatial solitons with symmetrical oblique incidence,we investigated the short-range interactions in the strongly nonlocal nonlinear media.Two solitons in close proximity can be intertraped via the strong nonlocality ,and propagate together in a stable spiral and the trajectory of mass center of solitons will deflect because of the phase difference and the ratio of the power of two solitons under the condition of momentum conservation. It is possible to find its application in planar all-optical interconnection in bulk media.We analyszed the evolution of the Poynting vector as they propagate through the strongly nonlocal media.
Compound photonic crystals with cholesteric liquid crystals sandwiched isotropic defect layers
Authors: He Zheng-Hong  , Ye Zhi-Cheng  , Li Zheng-Guang  , Cui Qing-Yu  , Su Yi-Kai  ,   Displays and Lighting Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, National Engineering Lab of TFT-LCD Materials and Technologies, Shanghai 200240, China
Published: December 2020

Forbidden gaps of one-dimensional compound photonic crystals consisting of cholesteric liquid crystals sandwiched by periodic isotropic layers are investigated. The common forbidden gaps appear for both incident left and right polarization light which is different from the cholesteric liquid crystals. The forbidden gaps for incident left polarization light will disappear and the forbidden gaps for incident right polarization light will merge and become wider with the increasing of thickness ratio of cholesteric liquid crystals to periodic isotropic layers. The effect of forbidden gaps for incident left and right polarization light becomes obvious with the increasing of refractive index of periodic isotropic layers. The corresponding forbidden gaps for two colors of red, green and blue will appear by tuning thickness ratio of cholesteric liquid crystals to periodic isotropic layers and the refractive index of periodic isotropic layers, which can be used to fabricate reflective color filters for liquid display.
Heat transfer characteristics in fabrication of heat method in photonic crystal fiber grating
Authors: Qi Yue-Feng  , Qiao Han-Ping  , Bi Wei-Hong  , Liu Yan-Yan  ,   Institue of Information science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
Published: December 2020

The grating fabrication technology with heat method in photonic crystal fiber based on its structural change is researched. The principle of photonic crystal fiber grating is analyzed theor etically. Heat transfer theory and finite element method are both used to analyze the thermal field distribution in the fiber, as well as the influence of air hole structure in the cladding, and the parameters of laser beam in the process of grating fabrication are discussed. The research results show that the grating can be formed by the periodic air hole collapse in the cladding of photonic crystal fiber. Under double-point heating, the energy will be uniformly distributed in the radial direction and approximated by the Gaussian distribution in the axial direction. The collapsed air holes in the cladding accelerate the process of forming grating. In the same size of luminous spot, as the layers and the radii of air holes increase, the laser power for collapsing fiber decreases. Moreover, the relationship between laser power and air filling rate is obtained by stimulating the grating fabrication process in photonic crystal fiber with 1 to 7 layers of air holes. This kind of photonic crystal fiber grating can improve the thermal and long-term stability of conventional grating, and so it will have great potential applications in the relevant fields of optical fiber sensors.
Analysis of coupling characteristics of midinfrared high polarization chalcogenide glass dual-core photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Liu Shuo  , Li Shu-Guang  , Fu Bo  , Zhou Hong-Song  , Feng Rong-Pu  ,   Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, College of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004,China
Published: December 2020

A kind of chalcogenide glass midinfrared dual-core photonic crystal fiber has been proposed in this paper. The coupling characteristic of this fiber has been studied by multipole method using the basic theory of coupling. It is found that the birefringence of dual-core PCF with pitch 5.4 μm, air-hole radius 1.35 μm and air-filling fraction 0.5 is 0.551×10-2 at normalized frequency λ/Λ = 2.04 μm. At normalized frequency λ/Λ = 0.93 μm, coupling lengths are 145.32 μm and 154.68 μm for x-polarized mode and y-polarized mode, respectively. The band extended to midinfrared. This dual-core photonic crystal fiber with coupling length and high polarization is useful for manufacturing midinfrared band optical fiber coupler.
Transmission characteristics of elastic wave in 1D solid-solid cylindrical phononic crystal
Authors: Liu Qi-Neng  ,   Computer Science and Information Engineering College of Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
Published: December 2020

Transmission characteristics of elastic wave in solid-solid cylindrical phononic crystal are obtained under condition of restrictied transrerse elastic wave, and the characteristics of mode is studied. Transmission characteristics of elastic wave versus mode quantum number and cylinder radius are calculated by the transfer matrix method. The new characteristics of elastic wave in solid-solid cylindrical phononic crystal are obtained. Transmission characteristics of elastic wave are determined by the mode quantum number and cylinder radius.
Numerical simulation study on characteristics of gliding arc discharge
Authors: Wang Yu  , Li Xiao-Dong  , Yu Liang  , Yan Jian-Hua  ,   State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Published: December 2020

The arc temperature field, electric field and size of conducting zone of gliding arc plasma are important parameters to determine the temperature and density of the electrons, the chemical reaction rates and energy efficiency. Electrical parameters of a 50 Hz ac gliding arc discharge were measured under conditions of two gas flow rates, 1.43 L/min and 6.42 L/min. An instantaneous model which was used to describe the energy transfer of gliding arc discharge was simplified by using an approximate expression for the electrical conductivity and diffusivity of plasma, which ravelled out the moving boundary in the gliding arc simulation resulting from variation of arc structure. The current density, electric field, dynamic temperature field and the structure of ac gliding arc was calculated. The electric field strength from the simulation result of the model was in agreement with the experimental data. According to the calculational result, the temperature on the axis of arc reached as high as 5700—6700 K. It showed the gas flow directly affected the arc structure and current density, thus further affected the electric field strength and temperature distribution. The electric field strength increased firstly and then decreased during a discharge period.
Dynamic relaxation behaviors of poly(methyl methacrylate)/Ga nanocomposites
Authors: Zhou Xue-Mao  , Chen Xiao-Meng  , Wu Xue-Bang  , Shui Jia-Peng  , Zhu Zhen-Gang  ,   Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
Published: December 2020

Two kinds of poly(methyl methacrylate)/gallium (PMMA/Ga) nanocomposites with different Ga contents (11.3% and 13.5%) were prepared by free radical polymerization. The relaxation dynamics of PMMA/Ga nanocomposite above the glass transition temperature has been investigated by mechanical spectroscopy. It was found that the peak temperatures of α relaxation of the nanocomposites increase with the increasing Ga content, but the peak heights of α relaxation decrease. Besides, the composition-dependent dynamics of the α' relaxation in PMMA/Ga nanocomposites was also studied.
Monte Carlo simulation on the property of ferromagnetic order of Zn1- x Mn x O Nanofilms
Authors: Gao Qian  , Lou Xiao-Yan  , Qi Yang  , Shan Wen-Guang  ,   School of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
Published: December 2020

Based on the analysis of ferromagnetic mechanism of diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs), an Ising model with multi-exchange interactions is established. The reason of the shape of ferromagnetic order is simulated by Monte Carlo (MC) simulation with the Metropolis algorithm. The result reveals that the lower concentrations of Mn doping (x) are helpful for forming the ferromagnetic order. However, with the lower concentrations of Mn doping the magnetization of the system will be smaller and the Courier temperature will be lower. The modifying efect of carrier on the formation of ferromagnetism is enhanced with the increase of x and the decrease of the anisotropy constant (K). This work predicts that the increase of K will heighten the ferromagnetism and the Courier temperature.
Microstructure formation mechanism of rapidly solidified ternary Co-Cu-Pb monotectic alloys
Authors: Yan Na  , Wang Wei-Li  , Dai Fu-Ping  , Wei Bing-Bo  ,   Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
Published: December 2020

The metastable phase separation and rapid solidification of ternary Co-Cu-Pb monotectic alloys have been investigated under free fall condition. With the decrease of droplet diameter, the microstructures of Co51Cu47Pb2 and Co47Cu44Pb9 alloys display a "dendrite→core-shell→dendrite" transformation and a morphology transition from core-shell to homogeneous microstructure, respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that the solidified microstructures are composed of α(Co), (Cu) and (Pb) phases. α(Co) and (Cu) phases grow mainly in dendritic manner, and (Pb) phase is distributed interdendritically among (Cu) phase. Both experimental results and theoretical calculations reveal that the interfacial energy between (Co)/(Pb) liquid phases is larger than thoses of (Co)/(Cu) and (Cu)/(Pb) phases. The weak wetting ability between (Co) and (Pb) liquids results in the distribution of (Pb) phase inside the Cu-rich zone instead of Co-rich zone. Three possible solidification routes are deduced according to the solidification microstructure, in which the solidification process consists of phase separation L→L1(Cu)+L2(Co), peritectic transformation α(Co)+L→(Cu) and monotectic transformation L(Cu)→S(Cu)+L(Pb).
Statistical power consumption of RC interconnect tree with process fluctuation
Authors: Dong Gang  , Xue Meng  , Li Jian-Wei  , Yang Yin-Tang  ,   Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Wide Band-Gap Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Microelectronics Institute, Xidian University, Xian 710071, China
Published: December 2020

In order to effectively analyze the statistical power consumption of RC interconnect tree with process fluctuation, a method of constructing interconnect parasitic parameters and driving point admittance moments is first presented in this paper. Then, the expressions of mean and standard deviations of interconnect power consumption are obtained. The calculation results indicate that the errors of mean and standard deviations are less than 4.36 % and 6.68 % respectively compared with those calculated by the widely used Monte Carlo method. Results show that the proposed method has a good accuracy and high efficiency.
The type identification of dislocation loops by TEM and the loop formation in pure Fe implanted with H+*
Authors: Huang Yi-Na  , Wan Fa-Rong  , Jiao Zhi-Jie  ,   Department of Material Physics and Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Published: December 2020

This paper is divided into two parts: the first part is to identify the type of dislocation loops in materials by using TEM. The inside-outside method to identify V-loops or I-loops is described in detail. The second part discusses the dislocation loops in pure Fe implanted with H+ in a accelerator and followed by aging at 673—773 K.
Microstructure and magnetic properties of the cobalt ions implanted TiO2 films
Authors: Yang Xin-An  , Li Jian-Qi  , Ding Peng  , Liu Fa-Min  ,   (1)Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (2)School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Measurement-Manipulation and Physics (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100191, China
Published: December 2020

TiO2 thin films were prepared by direct current magnetron sputtering on glass substrates, then were implanted by cobalt ions, and finally annealed at 500 ℃ for 50 min. Specimens for transmission electron microscopy were prepared by peeling-scattering technology, and were observed in situ by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The films were identified as anatase structure. The Co ions exist mainly in a thin layer beneath the surface of the films. The implanted Co ions damage the TiO2 crystals and some of them exist as CoO. The annealing treatment could repair the TiO2 grains and make the Co ions diffuse into the TiO2 lattice. The vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements show that the Co ion implanted TiO2 films are ferromagnetic at room temperature and the annealing treatment in vacuum could enhance the ferromagnetism, which could be explained within the scope of the BMP theory.
Non-solvent addition induced self-organization for enhancement of performance of poly(3-hexylthiophene) organic field-effect transistors
Authors: Zhao Su-Ling  , Xu Zheng  , Yao Jiang-Feng  , Zhang Fu-Jun  , Tian Xue-Yan  ,   Beijing Asahi Glass Electronics co., Ltd. (BOE Technology Group),Beijing 100016,China;,   Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education,Beijing 100044,China;,   Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education,Beijing 100044,China; Beijing BOE Technology Research Institute, Beijing 1001
Published: December 2020

In order to enhance the performance of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (RR-P3HT) organic field-effect transistors (OFET) by low temperature solution-process of non-solvent addition (acetonitrile and ethanol), the resulting self-organization of polymer semiconductor layer and performance of RR-P3HT OFET are studied in this paper. The results fshow that an appropriate non-solvent addition (acetonitrile and ethanol) promotes the formation of more microcrystalline lamellae and improves the self-organization of polymer semiconductor layer, resulting in electrical properties enhancement of polymer OFET. The results indicate that the field-effect of RR-P3HT OFET with 5% acetonitrile addition can reach 3.39×10-3 cm2/V ·s, which is higher by a factor of 8 than that with 0% acetonitrile addition. Encessive non-solvent addition (acetonitrile and ethanol) leads to more precipitates which reduce microcrystalline lamellae and lowers the quality of polymer film, resulting in performance degradation of polymer OFET.
Study of zinc tin oxide thin-film transistor
Authors: Wang Xiong  , Cai Xi-Kun  , Yuan Zi-Jian  , Zhu Xia-Ming  , Qiu Dong-Jiang  , Wu Hui-Zhen  ,   Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
Published: December 2020

Thin film transistors with zinc tin oxide as the active channel layer were fabricated on ITO glass by rf magnetron sputtering. SiO2 gate dielectric was grown using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). These devices operate with a maximum field effect mobility of 9.1 cm2/V ·s, threshold voltage of -2 V, and current on/off ratio of 104.
Influence of AC current on the profile of GMI effect in Fe-based nanocrystalline wire
Authors: Li Yin-Feng  , Feng Su-Qin  , Wang Jian-Yong  ,   Department of Physicis, Xingtai University, Xingtai 054001, China
Published: December 2020

The influence of AC current (with amplitud of Iac ＝0.2—20 mA and frequency of f＝1 kHz—1 MHz) upon the profile of gian magnetoimpedance (GMI) effect of a Fe-based nanocrystalline wire with transverse domain structure have been investigated. The experiment indicates that the GMI effect of the sample exhibits a two-peak feature. With the increasing of f, the peak field Hm increases, while Hm decreases even to H=0 when Iac increases. According to the current theoretical models, the peak field Hm should conrrespond to the transverse anisotropy field Hk, Hm=Hk. However, we found that this conclusion is correct only for the case of very small AC current. So a relationship Hm=Hk cos3θ, where θ is the angle between saturation magnetisation and the axis of wire, has been deduced by minimizing the energy in the process of magnetisation rotation. The experiments can be explained by this result.
Fabrication of single-domain GdBCO bulk superconductors using a novel configuration
Authors: Li Guo-Zheng  , Yang Wan-Min  ,   College of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian 710062, China
Published: December 2020

Based on the top seeded infiltration and growth technique (TSIG), a novel configuration was employed to fabricate single-domain Gd-Ba-Cu-O (GdBCO) bulk superconductors. And the morphology, microstructure, and superconducting properties of the products were investigated in detail. The results indicate that, employing the novel configuration can increase the supporting ability of the liquid source pellet, and the slope or collapse of the sample during the heat treatment process can be effectively avoided, thus the stability and repeatability of the experiments are advanced. In addition, the novel configuration also contributes to the complete growth of the whole bulk.
Microscopic mechanism of the zero-field splitting parameters for 6 S(3d5) state ions at trigonal symmetry crystal filed
Authors: Yang Zi-Yuan  ,   Department of Physics and Information Technology, Baoji University of Arts and Science, Baoji 721007, China
Published: December 2020

The microscopic mechanism of the zero-field splitting parameters (ZFS) including D and (a-F) for 6 S(3d5) state ion in trigonal-symmetry crystal field have been investigated using the complete diagonaliztion method (CDM) by taking into account the spin-spin (SS), the spin-other-orbit (SOO) and the orbit-orbit (OO) magnetic interactions besides the well-known spin-orbit (SO) magnetic interaction. It was found that the contribution to the ZFS parameters D and (a-F) arising from the spin-orbit (SO) magnetic interaction is the most important in most of the crystal field (CF) ranges,but the contribution to the zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameter D and (a-F) from the other three mechanisms, including the SS mechanism, SOO mechanism and OO mechanism, cant be ignored. The ZFS parameters D and (a-F) arise from the net spin quartet states as well as the combined effects of the spin doublet states and the spin quartets states, and the contribution to the ZFS parameters from the net spin doublet states are zero. Our investigation shows that the rank-2 ZFS parameter D primarily results from the net spin quartet states whereas the rank-4 ZFS parameter (a-F) primarily results from the combined effect of the spin doublet states and the spin quartet states. An illustrative evaluation is performed for the typical crystal material Fe3+: Al2O3. Good agreement between the theoretical values and the experimental finding are obtained.
Theory of giant magneto-impedance effect in amorphous ribbon with transverse bias magnetic field
Authors: Bao Bing-Hao  , Ren Nai-Fei  , Luo Ying  ,   (1)School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (2)School of Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Published: December 2020

Taking into account the amorphous alloy ribbon with the 180°magnetic domain walls and transverse bias magnetic field, and adopting multi-domain structure model, the theory of giant magneto-impedance (GMI) effect was found by minimizing the total free energy and by the solution of the Maxwell’s equations combining with Landau-Lifshitz equation. A new four-state method is proposed to calculate the average magnetic permeability of four states of the amorphous materials, which is used to replace the permeability obtained based on the single domain model. The method has an advantage in explaining the GMI effect over the theory established by single domain model.
Dielectric properties and nonlinear current-voltage behavior of MgTiO3-doped CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics
Authors: Cao Lei  , Liu Peng  , Zhou Jian-Ping  , Wang Ya-Juan  , Su Li-Na  , Liu Cheng  ,   College of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian 710062, China
Published: December 2020

The CaCu3Ti4O12-xMgTiO3(x= 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0) ceramics have been prepared by a solid-state reaction method. The effects of MgTiO3 doping on the phase structure, microstructure and dielectric properties of CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics have been investigated. The results indicate that MgTiO3 doping not only reduced the dielectric loss of low frequency range and raised the breakdown voltage but also significantly improved the I-V nonlinearity coefficient. The optimized properties of MgTiO3 doped CaCu3Ti4O12 can be well explained by the uniformity of the grains, the reduction of the average grain boundary thinkness and the enhancement of the grain boundary resistance. Among the CaCu3Ti4O12-MgTiO3 specimens in this work, the CaCu3Ti4O12-0.5MgTiO3 specimen has achieved the best comprehensive properties, which include a dielectric constant (εr) of 53958, dielectric loss (tanδ) of 0.06 at 1 kHz, breakdown voltage (Eb) of 295 V/mm and a large nonlinearity coefficient of 66.3.
A new method to measure the carrier concentration of p-GaN
Authors: Zhao De-Gang  , Zhou Mei  ,   (1)Department of Physics, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083,China; (2)State key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
Published: December 2020

A new method to measure the carrier concentration of p-GaN is proposed. The main idea is as follows: the difference between p-n+ structure GaN ultraviolet photodetector’s quantum efficiency at two different wavelengths varies remarkably with increasing reversed bias, and the most characteristic change occurs at a reversed voltage under which the p-GaN layer starts to be completely depleted, consequently the carrier concentration of p-GaN can be derived basing on this effect. The simulation results prove the validity of the idea even under the condition of high surface recombination velocity and bad ohmic contact. The thickness choice of p-GaN samples during the carrier concentration test experiment using this method is investigated. It is shown that the optimized thickness of p-GaN decreases with the increase of carrier concentration of p-GaN samples.
Photovoltaic effect of a-C: Fe/AlOx /Si based heterostructures
Authors: Wu Li-Hua  , Zhang Xiao-Zhong  , Yu Yi  , Wan Cai-Hua  , Tan Xin-Yu  ,   Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Published: December 2020

The photovoltaic effect of a-C: Fe/AlOx/Si based heterostructures prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) and its applications for solar cells were investigated. Thin alumina layer with a thickness of ~2nm was introduced to the interface between carbon and silicon, and the photovoltatic properties, such as open circuit voltage of ~0.33 V and short current density of ~4.5 mA/cm2, were improved dramatically compared with the samples without the insulation alumina layer. This may be related to the improvement of interface quality, where there are lower recombination centers such as defects and traps, which are approved by the C-V measurement. This work may shed light on the carbon/silicon based solar cells.
Single-photon interference based on a single InAs quantum dot
Authors: Li Yuan  , Dou Xiu-Ming  , Chang Xiu-Ying  , Ni Hai-Qiao  , Niu Zhi-Chuan  , Sun Bao-Quan  ,   State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructure, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
Published: December 2020

Single InAs quantum dot (QD) sample is grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE), and the photoluminescence (PL) from a single QD at 5 K is measured. By means of Hanbury-Brown and Twiss (HBT) setup, we measure the photon correlation of the PL which indicates that the PL of QD is single-photon emission. This single-photon source is used to demonstrate experimentally the single-photon interference via Mach-Zehnder (MZ) interferometer. In addition, the measured interference and fringe visibility are analyzed by changing the different linear polarization of the photon between two arms of MZ interferometer.
The effect of oxidation randomly textured up-pyramid on the silicon solar cell
Authors: Zhou Chun-Lan  , Li Xu-Dong  , Wang Wen-Jing  , Zhao Lei  , Li Hai-Ling  , Diao Hong-Wei  , Cao Xiao-Ning  ,   (1)Beijing Sunda Solar Energy Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 100083, China; (2)Institute of Electrical Engineering,Key Laboratory of Solar Thermal Energy and Photovoltaic System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Published: December 2020

Thermally grown silicon dioxide is commonly used in high-efficiency monocrystalline silicon solar cell designs as a diffusion mask, electroless plating mask, passivation layer and rudimentary anti-reflection coating. These high efficiency device designs also utilize upright random textured up-pyramids etched by alkalinous solution to minimize front surface reflection. The silicon solar cells passivated with thermal SiO2/plasma SiN stacks have the evident character: the dark reverse current-voltage curve presents "soft breakdown", and the shunt resistance is lower than that of silicon solar cells passivated with the plasma SiN. The study shows that the cause of monocrystalline silicon solar cell performance degradation is the dislocation induced by the thermal growth of silicon dioxide on textured wafers. The performance of thermal SiO2/plasma SiN stack passivated silicon solar cells has evident improvement when a 2-min isotropic etching was applied after surface texturing to round off the pyramids.
Fabrication of superconducting nanowiresingle-photon detector
Authors: Zhang La-Bao  , Kang Lin  , Chen Jian  , Zhao Qing-Yuan  , Jia Tao  , Xu Wei-Wei  , Cao Chun-Hai  , Jin Biao-Bing  , Wu Pei-Heng  ,   Department of Electronic Science and Engineering of Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China
Published: December 2020

In this paper,the fabrication details and optimization of micro-fabrication process are presented for developing superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD). Besides,the device failure analysis is also introduced. With those methods,we successfully fabricated high-quality SNSPDs whose maximum system efficiencies were up to 30% for 660 nm wavelength and 4.2% for 1550 nm wavelength according to the single-photon detection experiment. At the dark count rate of 10 c/s,the detection efficiencies were 20% (660 nm) and 3% (1550 nm) with the SNSPD fabricated with above mentioned methods.
Study of evaporation properties of a nano-particle carbonate cathode
Authors: Wang Qi-Fu  , Wang Xiao-Xia  , Luo Ji-Run  ,   Key Laboratory of High Power Microwave Sources and Technologies, Institute of Electronics,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Published: December 2020

Time-of-flight mass spectroscopy and quartz crystal oscillator are used to analyze the evaporation properties of the reservoir oxide cathode coated nano-particle carbonates in decomposing and activating process at different temperatures. The results show that the purity of the reservoir oxide cathode is high. It can fully be decomposed and activated in the conventional technologic process with more freed Ba and lower evaporation rate, compared with the conventional reservoir oxide cathode.
Remediation of radiation belt electrons caused by ground based man-made VLF wave
Authors: Wang Ping  , Wang Huan-Yu  , Ma Yu-Qian  , Li Xin-Qiao  , Lu Hong  , Meng Xiang-Cheng  , Zhang Ji-Long  , Wang Hui  , Shi Feng  , Xu Yan-Bing  , Yu Xiao-Xia  , Zhao Xiao-Yun  , Wu Feng  ,   Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Published: December 2020

The physics mechanisms of radiation belt electrons loss and acceleration are important issues in space physics research. Recently, France Microsatellite DEMETER has discovered the correlation between man-made VLF signals and radiation belt electrons precipitation in the NPM(the U.S. VLF transmitter located at Lualualei) experiment. Our research focuses on the explanation of the relation among affected pitch angle distribution, kinetic energy and position of electrons. This is achieved by calculating the local diffusion coeffcient based on the theory of qusi-linear diffusion with resonant interaction. Our result has a good explanation of radiation belt electron precipitation discovered by DEMETER during NPM experiment. Furthermore, we have discussed the effciency of radiation belt remediation in an artificial way.