bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolomic response to collegiate football participation: Pre- and Post-season analysis
Authors: Vike Nicole L. , Bari Sumra , Stetsiv Khrystyna , Talavage Thomas M. , Nauman Eric A. , Papa Linda , Slobounov Semyon , Breiter Hans C. , Cornelis Marilyn C.
Published: February 2022

Contact sports participation has been shown to have both beneficial and detrimental effects on health, however little is known about the metabolic sequelae of these effects. We aimed to identify metabolite alterations across a collegiate American football season. Serum was collected from 23 male collegiate football athletes before the athletic season (Pre) and after the last game (Post). Samples underwent nontargeted metabolomic profiling and 1131 metabolites were included for univariate, pathway enrichment, and multivariate analyses. Significant metabolites were assessed against head acceleration events (HAEs). 200 metabolites changed from Pre to Post (P < 0.05 and Q < 0.05); 160 had known identity and mapped to one of 57 pre-defined biological pathways. There was significant enrichment of metabolites belonging to five pathways (P < 0.05): xanthine, fatty acid (acyl choline), medium chain fatty acid, primary bile acid, and glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and pyruvate metabolism. A set of 12 metabolites was sufficient to discriminate Pre from Post status, and changes in 64 of the 200 metabolites were also associated with HAEs (P < 0.05). In summary, the identified metabolites, and candidate pathways, argue there are metabolic consequences of both physical training and head impacts with football participation. These findings additionally identify a potential set of objective biomarkers of repetitive head injury.
Effects of fatty acid metabolites on nocturia
Authors: Ihara Tatsuya , Shimura Hiroshi , Tsuchiya Sachiko , Kanda Mie , Kira Satoru , Sawada Norifumi , Takeda Masayuki , Mitsui Takahiko , Shigetomi Eiji , Shinozaki Yoichi , Koizumi Schuichi
Published: February 2022

Dysregulation of circadian rhythm can cause nocturia. Levels of fatty acid metabolites, such as palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), 9-hydroxy-10E,12Z-octadecadienoic acid (9-HODE), and 4-hydroxy-5E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (4-HDoHE), are higher in the serum of patients with nocturia; however, the reason remains unknown. Here, we investigated the circadian rhythm of fatty acid metabolites and their effect on voiding in mice. WT and Clock mutant (ClockΔ19/Δ19) mice, a model for nocturia with circadian rhythm disorder, were used. Levels of serum PEA, 9-HODE, and 4-HDoHEl were measured every 8 h using LC/MS. Voiding pattern was recorded using metabolic cages after administration of PEA, 9-HODE, and 4-HDoHE to WT mice. Levels of serum PEA and 9-HODE fluctuated with circadian rhythm in WT mice, which were lower during the light phase. In contrast, circadian PEA and 9-HODE level deteriorated or retreated in ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice. Levels of serum PEA, 9-HODE, and 4-HDoHE were higher in ClockΔ19/Δ19 than in WT mice. Voiding frequency increased in PEA- and 4-HDoHE-administered mice. Bladder capacity decreased in PEA-administered mice. The changes of these bladder functions in mice were similar to those in elderly humans with nocturia. These findings highlighted the novel effect of lipids on the pathology of nocturia. These may be used for development of biomarkers and better therapies for nocturia.
Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of a pre-exposure prophylaxis program for HIV prevention for men who have sex with men in Japan
Authors: Yamamoto Nao , Koizumi Yoshiki , Tsuzuki Shinya , Ejima Keisuke , Takano Misao , Iwami Shingo , Mizushima Daisuke , Oka Shinichi
Published: February 2022

Men who have sex with men (MSM) have been disproportionally affected by the HIV epidemic in many countries, including Japan. Although pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a strong prevention tool, it is not yet approved in Japan. A Markov model was developed to describe HIV infection and disease progression in an MSM cohort (N = 1000) in Japan receiving a PrEP program. The model was used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a PrEP program. HIV/AIDS treatment, screening, hospitalization due to AIDS, and PrEP were considered as costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained as utilities. Cost-effectiveness was assessed by comparing the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) over a 30-year period against the willingness to pay (WTP) threshold. One-way sensitivity and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. With 50% PrEP coverage, the PrEP program became dominant against the program without PrEP, using a threshold of 5.0 million JPY/QALY (45,455 USD). The probabilistic sensitivity analysis revealed that the PrEP program was dominant or at least cost-effective in most cases of 10,000 simulations. Therefore, preparing cheaper PrEP pills, which results in PrEP being dominant or ICER being lower than the WTP threshold, is important to make the program cost-effective. Introduction of PrEP to an MSM cohort in Japan would be cost-effective over a 30-year time horizon.
The impact of glucose tolerance state on seropositivity rate after hepatitis B vaccination
Authors: Chang Villacreses Maria Mercedes , Karnchanasorn Rudruidee , Ou Horng-Yih , Samoa Raynald , Chuang Lee-Ming , Chiu Ken C.
Published: February 2022

Immunization is recommended for people with diabetes mellitus (DM), but little information is available on their seropositivity rates. To determine the impact of glucose tolerance state on seropositivity rate after hepatitis B vaccination, we included 7645 adult participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2016 who reported three doses of hepatitis B vaccine and were seropositive for anti-hepatitis B surface antibody (≥ 12.0 mIU/mL), after exclusion of those positive for anti-hepatitis B core antibody and/or hepatitis B surface antigen. We classified the states of glucose tolerance as normal glucose tolerance (NGT, 61.68%), abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT, 26.02%), or DM (13.30%). We observed a stepwise decline in hepatitis B seropositivity rate from NGT (53.64%) to AGT (45.52%) to DM (28.84%) (P < 0.0001). We confirmed these results after standardization for age and BMI (P < 0.0001 for all subgroup analyses) and in subgroup analyses by gender and racial/ethnic group. Dysregulated glucose metabolism is associated with a decreased seropositivity rate after hepatitis B vaccination. Our observations suggest that regular follow-up screening for anti-hepatitis B surface antibody, with additional booster vaccination as necessary, is especially important in patients with DM. Whether a similar phenomenon exits for other vaccines, especially COVID-19, remains to be investigated.
In depth analysis of heterogeneous catalysts for the chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution of β-amino esters
Authors: Adriaensen Koen , Vercammen Jannick , Van Goethem Cédric , Agrawal Kumar Varoon , De Vos Dirk
Published: February 2022

The chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution of β-amino esters is established after detailed evaluation of metal-based heterogeneous catalysts for racemization and enzyme catalysts for kinetic resolution.
Discovery and characterization of amentoflavone as a naturally occurring inhibitor against the bile salt hydrolase produced byLactobacillus salivarius
Authors: Li Chun-Yu , Wang Hao-Nan , He Rong-Jing , Huang Jian , Song Li-Lin , Song Yun-Qing , Huo Peng-Chao , Hou Jie , Ji Guang , Ge Guang-Bo
Published: February 2022

Following the screening of more than one hundred natural products, amentoflavone (AMF) displayed the strongest lsBSH inhibition activity.
Live Lactobacillus acidophilus alleviates ulcerative colitis via the SCFAs/mitophagy/NLRP3 inflammasome axis
Authors: Li Pei , Chen Guoping , Zhang Jiaxian , Pei Chaoying , Chen Ying , Gong Jing , Deng Song , Cai Kaiwei , Li Haiyan , Wang Dawei , Shen Baochun , Xie Zhiyong , Liao Qiongfeng
Published: February 2022

The live Lactobacillus acidophilus (La) alleviated colitis by ameliorating intestinal barrier and suppressing inflammation. SCFAs modulated and enriched by La promoted the mitophagy/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, which helped to improve gut functions.
Characterization of the structure, stability, and activity of hypoglycemic peptides fromMoringa oleiferaseed protein hydrolysates
Authors: Wang Xuefeng , Fan Yaozhu , Xu Feiran , Xie Jing , Gao Xiaoyu , Li Lingfei , Tian Yang , Sheng Jun
Published: February 2022

Moringa oleiferaseed protein hydrolysates exhibit good hypoglycemic activity, but their specific peptide components have not yet been characterized.
Simultaneous ultraviolet-C and near-infrared enhancement in heterogeneous lanthanide nanocrystals
Authors: Liu Yachong , Zhou Mingzhu , Zhou Meng-Tao , Wei Han-Lin , Su Yan , Su Qianqian
Published: February 2022

A dye-sensitized heterogeneous lanthanide nanocrystal regulates the energy transfer pathway for UVC and NIR enhancement under 793 nm excitation.
Scalable nanomanufacturing of holey graphene via chemical etching: an investigation into process mechanisms
Authors: Bi Kun , Wang Dini , Dai Rui , Liu Lei , Wang Yan , Lu Yongfeng , Liao Yiliang , Ding Ling , Zhuang Houlong , Nian Qiong
Published: February 2022

Partial reduction of graphene oxide results in vacancy defects. The growth of these atomic vacancies to nanosized holes under peroxide etching is studied for efficient holey graphene manufacturing.
Synthesis of novel series of 3,5-disubstituted imidazo[1,2-d] [1,2,4]thiadiazoles involving SNAr and Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions
Authors: Pescheteau Clémentine , Place Matthieu , Sava Alexandru , Nunes Lea , Profire Lenuta , Routier Sylvain , Buron Frédéric
Published: February 2022

A convenient design of 3,5-disubstituted imidazo[1,2-d][1,2,4]thiadiazoles is reported from 2-mercaptoimidazole, which afforded a versatile platform that was then used to access a variety of original heterocycles.
Reactive synthesis and phase evolution of W2FeB2 alloy powders
Authors: Zhou Xin , Li Jun , Wan Junshan , Chen Kangwei , Wang Renquan , Liu Ying
Published: February 2022

The high impurity (93.42 wt%) W2FeB2 alloy powder was successfully prepared by reaction synthesis, proceeded by the diffusion of B atoms and Fe atoms into the W matrix. The powder morphology can be optimized by plasma spheroidization, leading to the fluidity improvement.
RSM, ANN-GA and ANN-PSO modeling of SDBS removal from greywater in rural areas via Fe2O3-coated volcanic rocks
Authors: Feng Xiaoying , Liu Yuankun , Li Xing , Liu Hongrun
Published: February 2022

This paper provides a new method for SDBS removal and parameter optimization of the adsorption process using RSM and ANN models.
Synaptotagmin-1 C2B domains cooperatively stabilize the fusion stalk via a master-servant mechanism
Authors: Di Bartolo Ary Lautaro , Masone Diego
Published: February 2022

Synaptotagmin-1 is a low-affinity Ca2+ sensor that triggers synchronous vesicle fusion.
High-performance all-solid-state electrolyte for sodium batteries enabled by the interaction between the anion in salt and Na3SbS4
Authors: Lu Yong , Li Lin , Zhang Qiu , Cai Yichao , Ni Youxuan , Chen Jun
Published: February 2022

A high-performance all-solid-state PEO/NaTFSI/Na3SbS4 electrolyte for sodium batteries is realized owing to the electrostatic interaction between TFSI− in the salt and Na3SbS4, which immobilizes TFSI− anions and promotes the dissociation of NaTFSI.
Construction of SnNb2O6/MgIn2S4 heterojunction photocatalysts with enhanced visible-light-driven activity for tetracycline hydrochloride degradation and Cr(vi) reduction
Authors: Xu Jingjing , Liu Yang , Chen Mindong
Published: February 2022

A novel type II SnNb2O6/MgIn2S4 composite photocatalyst was prepared. The prepared composite photocatalyst exhibited significantly improved photocatalytic activity for Cr(vi) reduction and tetracycline hydrochloride degradation under visible light.
Simultaneous binding of heme and Cu with amyloid β peptides: active site and reactivities
Authors: Nath Arnab Kumar , Dey Somdatta Ghosh
Published: February 2022

Active site environment of simultaneously bound heme and Cu with amyloid β (Aβ) peptides and its reactivities with small molecues like O2, NO and NO2- associated with Alzheimer's disease.
Na4Ga8S14: a Ga-enriched wide band gap ternary alkali-metal sulfide with unique [Ga12S42] 12-membered rings
Authors: Luo Ling , Wang Linan , Bai Chen , Zhou Jiazheng , Wei Lai , Su Xin
Published: February 2022

A Ga-enriched wide band gap ternary alkali-metal sulfide Na4Ga8S14, with unique [Ga12S42] tunnels, has been fabricated by a high temperature solid-state reaction.
eHealth Education and Support for Pediatric Hearing Aid Management: Parent Goals, Questions, and Challenges
Authors: Nichols Natalie , Muñoz Karen , San Miguel Guadalupe G. , Twohig Michael P.
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to investigate parent goals, questions, and challenges that emerged during coaching phone calls in an eHealth program designed to provide education and support for hearing aid management.

Method:

Coaching phone calls were audio-recorded, transcribed, and qualitatively analyzed for emergent themes within the categories of goals, questions, and challenges.

Results:

Emergent themes revealed that parent goals were focused on self-efficacy, routines, device care, and child development. Emergent themes for questions revealed that parents asked questions related to the device care, audiology appointments, confirmation of learning, and child development. For challenges, emergent themes revealed parents' own struggles (e.g., with emotions), issues related to working with their audiologist, child factors, and anticipated challenges.

Conclusions:

The eHealth intervention allowed parents to raise questions and discuss their challenges in a supportive environment. Supportive accountability helped participants identify and address barriers to hearing aid management based on their priorities and current challenges. Providing supplemental learning support, in addition to routine audiology visits, can help parents develop more effective hearing aid management routines.
Ein Unterfangen, das wohlüberlegt sein sollte – Internationale Entwicklungszusammenarbeit
Authors: von Laufenberg Isabel , Hauser Theresa
Published: February 2022

Viele Therapeut*innen haben den Wunsch, für eine begrenzte Zeit im Ausland berufliche Erfahrungen zu sammeln. Zwei Studierende haben sich im Rahmen ihrer Bachelorarbeit mit diesem Thema befasst und zusammengetragen, worauf bei der Wahl eines Auslandsaufenthaltes zu achten ist.
Die Mischung macht’s – Digitale Angebote und Praxisarbeit kombinieren
Authors: Crüts Björn , Dierkes Wiebke , Kleinert Jens
Published: February 2022

Digitale Herausforderungen annehmen und therapeutische Angebote auch online ermöglichen – das funktioniert unter anderem mit dem Blended-Care-Ansatz: Hier werden Interventionen in der Praxis durch digitale Komponenten, zum Beispiel Online-Coaching, erweitert.
Mobbing im Netz – Digitale Einschüchterung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Paulus Frank W. , Möhler Eva , Ohmann Susanne , Popow Christian
Published: February 2022

Durch die digitalen Medien hat sich das klassische Mobbing erweitert: Täter können anonym bleiben, körperliche Überlegenheit ist nicht notwendig, Nachrichten sind unbegrenzt speicherbar und kaum zurücknehmbar. Cybermobbing hat schwerwiegende Probleme für Opfer bzw. Täter zur Folge und beeinträchtigt deren physische und psychische Gesundheit. Dabei sind präventive Maßnahmen verfügbar. Sie können (Cyber-)Mobbing verhindern und zu einem besseren schulischen und innerfamiliären Klima beitragen.
Diskriminierung entgegenwirken – Rassismus in der ergotherapeutischen Praxis
Authors: Bilgen Zehra
Published: February 2022

Es kommt immer wieder vor, dass Ergotherapeut*innen rassistischer Diskriminierung etwa durch Klient*innen ausgesetzt sind. Zehra Bilgen stellt Handlungsempfehlungen vor, die Betroffene in solchen Situationen nutzen können, um adäquat mit diesen Übergriffen umgehen zu können.
Was hinter der Maske steckt – Kommunikation mit Mundschutz verbessern
Authors: Wienand Gernot
Published: February 2022

Auch in den kommenden Wochen wird der Mund-Nasen-Schutz unser ständiger Begleiter bleiben. Dass er sich auf unsere Kommunikation auswirkt, hat jede bzw. jeder schon bemerkt. Zeit, noch mal innezuhalten, und zu überlegen, wie sich die Kommunikation mit Klient*innen unterstützen lässt.
Reactions of α-Phenylglyoxylic Acids with ortho-Functionalized Anilines in Deep Eutectic Solvents: Selective Syntheses of 3-Aryl-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-2-ones, 2-Arylbenzothiazoles, and 3-Arylquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones
Authors: Xie Zongbo , Le Zhanggao , Jiang Guofang , Chen Guoqing , Yang Jiangnan , Li Hongxia , Chen Zhongsheng
Published: February 2022

α-Phenylglyoxylic acid is a novel cyclization reagent. In this study, three cyclization products were synthesized by the reaction of α-phenylglyoxylic acids with ortho-functionalized anilines in deep eutectic solvents (DES). The five-membered-ring-formation products, the 2-arylbenzothiazoles, with a highest yield of 88%, were obtained by the reaction between 0.30 mmol of an o-aminothiophenol and 0.30 mmol of an α-phenylglyoxylic acid in choline chloride (ChCl)/d-(–)-tartaric acid DES at 60 °C for 0.5 h. The six-membered-ring-formation products, 3-aryl-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-2-one derivatives, were obtained in yields up to 99% by the reaction between 0.30 mmol of an o-aminophenol and 0.60 mmol of an α-phenylglyoxylic acid in ChCl/urea DES at 80 °C for 2.0 h. In the reaction between 0.30 mmol of o-phenylenediamine and 0.45 mmol of an α-phenylglyoxylic acid in ChCl/anhydrous tin(II) chloride DES at 70 °C for 1.5 h, the six-membered-ring-formation products, 3-arylquinoxalin-2(1H)-one derivatives, were synthesized, with a highest yield of 96%. This cyclization reaction occurred without the addition of other catalysts, and the title compounds were obtained with good yields under mild conditions.
Determinants of Patient Refusal of Postoperative Radiation Therapy in Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kshirsagar Rijul S. , Eide Jacob G. , Prasad Aman , Carey Ryan M. , Rajasekaran Karthik , Brant Jason A. , Newman Jason G. , Palmer James N. , Adappa Nithin D.
Published: February 2022

Objectives Although adjuvant radiotherapy may be indicated in patients with sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) following primary surgery, some patients choose to forgo recommended postoperative radiation therapy (PORT). This study aimed to elucidate factors associated with patient refusal of recommended PORT in SNSCC and examine overall survival.

Methods Retrospective analysis of patients with SNSCC treated with primary surgery from the National Cancer Database diagnosed between 2004 and 2016. A multivariable logistic regression model was created to determine the association between clinical or demographic covariates and likelihood of PORT refusal. Unadjusted Kaplan–Meier estimates, log-rank tests, and a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model were used to assess overall survival.

Results A total of 2,231 patients were included in the final analysis, of which 1,456 (65.3%) were males and 73 (3.3%) refused recommended PORT. Patients older than 74 years old were more likely to refuse PORT than those younger than 54 (odds ratio [OR] 3.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.84–6.62). Median survival among the entire cohort, those who received recommended PORT, and those who refused PORT was 83.0 months (95% CI: 74.6–97.1), 83.0 months (95% CI: 74.9–98.2), and 63.6 months (95% CI: 37.3–101.4), respectively. Refusal of PORT was not associated with overall survival (hazard ratio: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.69–1.42).

Conclusions PORT refusal in patients with SNSCC is rare and was found to be associated with several patient factors. The decision to forgo PORT is not independently associated with overall survival in this cohort. Further study is required to determine the clinical implications of these findings as the treatment decisions are complex.
Histology of the Porous Oculomotorius: Relevance to Anterior Skull Base Approaches
Authors: Rennert Robert C. , Goodwill Vanessa , Steinberg Jeffrey A. , Fukushima Takanori , Day John D. , Khalessi Alexander A. , Levy Michael L.
Published: February 2022

Objective Mobilization of cranial nerve III (CNIII) at its dural entry site is commonly described to avoid damage from stretching during approaches to the parasellar, infrachiasmatic, posterior clinoid, and cavernous sinus regions. The histologic relationships of CNIII as it traverses the dura, and the associated surgical implications are nonetheless poorly described. We herein assess the histology of the CNIII–dura interface as it relates to surgical mobilization of the nerve.

Methods A fronto-orbitozygomatic temporopolar approach was performed on six adult cadaveric specimens. The CNIII–dural entry site was resected and histologically processed. The nerve–tissue planes were assessed by a neuropathologist.

Results Histologic analysis demonstrated that CNIII remained separate from the dura within the oculomotor cistern (porous oculomotorius up to the oculomotor foramen). Fusion of the epineurium of CNIII and the connective tissue of the dura was seen at the level of the foramen, with no clear histologic plane identified between these structures.

Conclusion CNIII may be directly mobilized within the oculomotor cistern, while dissections of CNIII distal to the oculomotor foramen should maintain a thin layer of connective tissue on the nerve.
Fatigue Resistance of Cast-on Implant Abutment Fabricated with Three Different Alloys
Authors: Puengpaiboon Usanee , Didron Pavinee Padipatvuthikul
Published: February 2022

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate fatigue resistance of cast-on implant abutment using three alloys.

Materials and Methods Forty specimens of implant-supported crowns were prepared; Group 1 (TA) stock titanium abutments, Group 2 (GS) abutment cast with 40% gold alloy, Group 3 (GP) abutment cast with palladium alloy, and Group 4 (CN) abutment cast with nickel–chromium alloy. Specimens were cyclic loaded at 20 Hz, starting from 200 N (5,000 cycles), followed by stepwise loading of 400, 600, 800, 1,000, 1,200, 1,400, 1,600, and 1,800 N (30,000 cycles/step). Specimens were loaded until failure or reached 245,000 cycles.

Statistical Analysis The withstand cycles were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Weibull survival analysis. Fracture surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy.

Results The results of withstand cycles were TA (189,883 ± 22,734), GS (195,028 ± 22,371), GP (187,662 ± 22,555), and CN (200,350 ± 30,851). The statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.673).

Conclusion Although CN has higher Weibull characteristic strength which means greater durability, its lower Weibull modulus demonstrated less structural reliability. Consistent failures at implant fixture level were also found in CN group.
Plasmonic enhancement of photoacoustic strain-waves on gold gratings
Authors: de Haan G. , Abram E. , van den Hooven T. J. , Planken P. C. M.
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we report on the time-dependent strain-wave-induced changes in the reflection and diffraction of a gold plasmonic grating. We demonstrate efficient excitation of strain waves using enhanced absorption at and around the surface plasmon polariton resonance. In addition, we observe that the strain-wave-induced changes in the reflection and diffraction of the grating show an approximately quadratic dependence on pump fluence when probed at a wavelength of 400 nm. We tentatively attribute this non-linear behavior to strain-induced nonlinear changes of the interband transition energy. Using a model that calculates the permittivity of the gold taking into account the d to s/p interband transition, we deduce that the interband transition energy would have to change by about 0.013 eV to account for the measured changes in reflection.
On drag and lift coefficient computations by using hybrid meshing of physical domain rooted with regular obstacles
Authors: Rehman Khalil Ur , Shatanawi Wasfi , Abodayeh Kamaleldin
Published: February 2022

The study of drag and lift forces on natural or manmade physical objects in confined domains owns both practical and theoretical importance in the field of general sciences, which particularly includes physical science. In this regard, this work is the numerical effort to examine drag and lift coefficients for the moving liquid stream at a low Reynolds number in the Convergent–Divergent (CD) channel. The liquid stream flows with the parabolic profile from the inlet and interacts with the case-wise infinite cylinders as barriers in the right vicinity of CD throat. The differential formulation is designed toward CD channel for the flow area, and the numerical solution is stated using the hybrid meshed finite element method. The contour and line graph analysis was conducted for a greater understanding of the involved flow variables. The comparative analysis is enclosed by setting a fixed Reynolds number for the hydrodynamic forces against mounted obstacles in a CD throat. It is seen that the square-shaped cylinder experienced the greater drag force as compared to the circular obstruction.
Revealing the quasiparticle electronic and excitonic nature in cubic, tetragonal, and hexagonal phases of FAPbI3
Authors: Muhammad Zeeshan , Liu Peitao , Ahmad Rashid , Jalali-Asadabadi Saeid , Franchini Cesare , Ahmad Iftikhar
Published: February 2022

The development of three-dimensional (3D) hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites has sparked much interest because of their rich light-harvesting capabilities in solar cells. However, the understanding of the electronic and optical properties, particularly the excitonic shifts upon structural phase transition with temperature in these materials, is not fully clear. Here, we report the accurate description of electronic and optical properties of mostly studied FAPbI3 across the cubic–tetragonal–hexagonal phases, using the relativistic GW method and Bethe–Salpeter Equation (BSE), including the spin–orbit coupling effects. Our GW calculations reveal that the bandgap values vary from 1.47 to 3.54 eV from the room temperature cubic phase to the low temperature hexagonal phase. Our optical analysis shows that excitonic peaks are blue-shifted, and exciton binding energies estimated by the model BSE approach increase from 74 to 567 meV going from the cubic to hexagonal phases. Our results may have important impacts on the practical uptake of hybrid perovskite based solar cells under different climatic conditions.
Analysis of nonlinear vibration and stability of Jeffcott rotor supported on squeeze-film damper by IHB method
Authors: Ri Kwangchol , Ri Yongjae , Yun Cholil , Kim Kwangchol , Han Poknam
Published: February 2022

In this paper, a methodology to analyze the nonlinear vibration of a Jeffcott rotor supported on a squeeze-film damper (SFD) with centering springs, which is widely used in high-speed rotating machines, is proposed using the incremental harmonic balance (IHB) method. In this paper, the IHB method is modified to analyze the dynamic behavior of rotor systems supported on fluid-film bearings, such as SFDs. The processing of the mass matrix, stiffness matrix, and linear force matrix proceeds in exactly the same way as in classical IHB. The nonlinear force generated in the oil film of the SFD is calculated using the alternating frequency/time method and the transformation matrix and incorporated into the computational processing of the classical IHB method. This calculation method is first proposed in this paper. Solutions computed using the proposed method are compared with solutions computed using numerical integration. The results are very close. The stability of the calculated solutions is determined using the Floquet theory. Based on this, frequency–response curves according to the change in various parameters are constructed. The proposed method can be effectively used to analyze the nonlinear vibration characteristics of rotor systems supported on fluid-film bearings, such as SFDs.
Natural Asset Farming
Authors: Lindenmayer David , Macbeth Suzannah , Smith David , Young Michelle
Published: February 2022

Farm dams, creeklines, vegetation and rocky outcrops are natural assets that are essential for healthy, sustainable farms. Protecting and enhancing these elements of natural capital on farms not only supports biodiversity, but also contributes to farm productivity and to the well-being of farmers and farming communities.

Natural Asset Farming: Creating Productive and Biodiverse Farms reveals seven key natural assets and why they are so valuable for biodiversity and productivity on farms. Drawing on two decades of long-term ecological monitoring and knowledge exchange with farmers, Landcare groups and natural resource management experts, this book is a tool for building and enhancing natural assets in agricultural landscapes. In bringing together ecological science and the experience of farmers in the wheat–sheep belt of south-eastern Australia, Natural Asset Farming will help foster ideas, boost resilience and improve the sustainability of agricultural production.
Harvest weed seed control: impact on weed management in Australian grain production systems and potential role in global cropping systems
Authors: Walsh Michael J. , Powles Stephen B.
Published: February 2022

The introduction of harvest weed seed control (HWSC) techniques and associated machinery has enabled the routine use of an alternative weed control technology at a novel weed control timing in global grain cropping fields. Driven by the significant threat of widespread populations of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) with multiple-herbicide resistance, in the 1990s Australian growers and researchers developed techniques to target, at grain harvest, the seed production of annual ryegrass and other important weed species. The HWSC approach to weed management is now routinely used by a majority of Australian grain producers as an integral component of effective weed control programs. Here we detail the development and introduction of current HWSC systems and describe their efficacy in Australian grain production systems. The use of HWSC has likely contributed to lower annual ryegrass population densities and thus mitigated the impacts of herbicide resistance as well as slowing further evolution of resistance. In addition, low weed densities enable the introduction of site-specific weed control technologies and the opportunity to target specific in-crop weeds with non-selective alternative weed control techniques. With an awareness of the evolutionary potential of weed species to adapt to all forms of weed control, there is an understanding that HWSC treatments need to be judiciously used in grain cropping systems to ensure their ongoing efficacy. The successful use of Australian developed HWSC systems has attracted global interest and there is now a considerable international research effort aimed at introducing this alternative weed control approach and timing into the world’s major cropping systems.
Phylogeny of the South American genus
Authors: Roig-Juñent Sergio A. , Cisterna Gabriela , Griotti Mariana
Published: February 2022

The genus Baripus Dejean is a carabid beetle endemic to southern South America, inhabiting grassland and shrub habitats in mountain and lowland areas. In this work, the phylogeny of the genus is updated and new species restricted to isolated mountains from the Patagonia Biogeographic Province are described. The cladistic analysis showed that the new mountain species comprise a monophyletic clade with five other species. Within this group, the species are arranged in two internal clades. Each clade contains one or two lowland species with a wide distribution range and the remaining species with microendemic distribution on each mountain system. Their distribution pattern suggests that mountain species of Baripus could have originated since (by) the end of the Cenozoic when the mountains uplifted and acted as a refuge for populations of lowland species that remained isolated and later became differentiated from one another. Based on morphological and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I molecular data, Baripus (Cardiophthalmus) palauco, sp. nov., Baripus (Cardiophthalmus) tromen, sp. nov., Baripus (Cardiophthalmus) aucamahuida, sp. nov. and Baripus (Cardiophthalmus) payun, sp. nov. are described and a key to all currently known species of Baripus (Cardiophthalmus) is provided.
Trophic ecology of sympatric juvenile stingrays within a nursery area
Authors: Martins A. P. B. , Matley J. K. , Heupel M. R. , Fisk A. T. , Chin A. , Simpfendorfer C. A.
Published: February 2022

Nursery areas are crucial for many elasmobranch species, providing advantages such as increased access to prey and reduced predation risk. This study investigated the trophic interactions of two juvenile stingray species within a coastal communal nursery using stable isotope analysis. Muscle, plasma and red blood cells samples were taken from the mangrove whipray Urogymnus granulatus and the cowtail stingray Pastinachus ater, and δ15N, δ13C and δ34S measured. Urogymnus granulatus had higher mean δ13C, δ15N and δ34S than P. ater. General linear models showed no significant trends between δ13C, δ15N or δ34S and body size or sex. Low isotopic niche overlap, combined with previous data on movement patterns, provided evidence of niche partitioning between stingrays that likely reflect differences in feeding grounds and prey selection. Despite the differences in feeding grounds and prey selection, previous studies showed that U. granulatus and P. ater share sand and reef flat areas for most of the day (~20 h). δ13C and δ34S values suggested that mangrove-derived carbon had little importance to stingrays’ diets in the study area. Results presented in this study bring new insights to the feeding ecology of two sympatric stingray species and their trophic interactions within a communal nursery area.
Abolishing the prelamin A ZMPSTE24 cleavage site leads to progeroid phenotypes with near-normal longevity in mice
Authors: Wang Yuexia , Shilagardi Khurts , Hsu Trunee , Odinammadu Kamsi O. , Maruyama Takamitsu , Wu Wei , Lin Chyuan-Sheng , Damoci Christopher B. , Spear Eric D. , Shin Ji-Yeon , Hsu Wei , Michaelis Susan , Worman Howard J.
Published: February 2022

Significance

The zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24 removes the last 15 amino acids of prelamin A, including a farnesylated cysteine, to produce mature lamin A. The premature aging disorder Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome is caused by a permanently farnesylated prelamin A variant lacking the ZMPSTE24 cleavage site. ZMPSTE24 loss of function leads to the accumulation of farnesylated prelamin A and causes progeroid disorders. Some studies have implicated prelamin A in physiological aging. We describe mice with an amino acid substitution in prelamin A that blocks the ZMPSTE24-catalyzed cleavage. These mice develop progeroid phenotypes but, in contrast to those modeling Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome or ZMPSTE24 deficiency, have near-normal lifespans, thus providing a model to study the effects of farnesylated prelamin A during aging.
Cheap robust learning of data anomalies with analytically solvable entropic outlier sparsification
Authors: Horenko Illia
Published: February 2022

Entropic outlier sparsification (EOS) is proposed as a cheap and robust computational strategy for learning in the presence of data anomalies and outliers. EOS dwells on the derived analytic solution of the (weighted) expected loss minimization problem subject to Shannon entropy regularization. An identified closed-form solution is proven to impose additional costs that depend linearly on statistics size and are independent of data dimension. Obtained analytic results also explain why the mixtures of spherically symmetric Gaussians—used heuristically in many popular data analysis algorithms—represent an optimal and least-biased choice for the nonparametric probability distributions when working with squared Euclidean distances. The performance of EOS is compared to a range of commonly used tools on synthetic problems and on partially mislabeled supervised classification problems from biomedicine. Applying EOS for coinference of data anomalies during learning is shown to allow reaching an accuracy of

97
%
±
2
%

when predicting patient mortality after heart failure, statistically significantly outperforming predictive performance of common learning tools for the same data.
zMADM (zebrafish mosaic analysis with double markers) for single-cell gene knockout and dual-lineage tracing
Authors: Xu Bing , Kucenas Sarah , Zong Hui
Published: February 2022

Significance

The transparent body of the larval zebrafish makes it an excellent vertebrate model for studying both developmental and disease processes in real time. However, the difficulty of genetic manipulation of zebrafish has greatly hindered its full power in biological studies. To overcome these hurdles, we establish a genetic system called zebrafish mosaic analysis with double markers (zMADM). zMADM has three unique advantages: First, it can achieve conditional knockout of genes residing on the zMADM-bearing chromosome without the need to generate floxed alleles, which is highly challenging and time consuming in the zebrafish; second, it allows the fate mapping of two sibling lineages; and third, it enables cell autonomous phenotypic analysis at single-cell resolution with sibling wild-type cells as internal control.
Gone unexpectedly
Authors: Cruschina Silvio
Published: February 2022

In this paper, I discuss a periphrastic construction involving the verb go in Sicilian that is used to express surprise and unexpectedness with respect to a past event. I show that the special meaning and function of this structure is best accounted for by postulating that in this construction the verb go is now a functional verb associated with a mirative conventional implicature. In this use, the construction is grammatically in the present tense, but is used within a narrative context to foreground an unexpected or surprising event that happened in the past. To account for the present-tense morphology, I propose that the conversational backgrounds – and in particular the ordering source defining the set of expectations of the conversation participants – can be indexed to the present time. I finally explore the hypothesis that the mirative use of this construction can shed light on the development of the Catalan go-past.
Pseudo-coordination and ellipsis
Authors: Mendes Gesoel , Ruda Marta
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we offer some comments about the syntax of pseudo-coordination in colloquial registers of Brazilian Portuguese and Polish. Focusing on V1-take (and) pseudo-coordination, we suggest that, in both of them, V1-take (and) belongs to the expressive realm of language and we analyze V1-take (and) as an appositive element adjoined to vP in the extended projection of V2. In addition to the meaning of the structure, evidence for the expressive nature of V1-take (and) comes from the fact that it can be ignored for ellipsis purposes in contexts such as verb-echo answers, polarity contrast, verb-doubling and VP-topicalization. Evidence for the positioning of V1-take (and) at the vP edge is provided by distributional patterns, including the placement of adverbs and sentential negation with respect to V1-take (and) and V2. We propose that two minimally different structures are available for pseudo-coordination, depending on whether a coordinator accompanies V1.
Pseudo-coordination, pseudo-subordination, and para-hypotaxis
Authors: Edzard Lutz
Published: February 2022

The phenomena of pseudo-coordination and, to a lesser degree, pseudo-subordination have been recognized to play an important role in Semitics linguistics, notably in the realm of converb (gerund) and serial verb constructions, albeit under different scholarly labeling. As the distinction between coordinated (paratactic) and subordinated (hypotactic) structures is often blurred in this context, this paper additionally refers to the concept of “para-hypotaxis”. As will be shown, this choice of terminology, further elaborating on a basic model proposed by Yuasa and Sadock (2002: 91), is useful to describe an analyze a number of phenomena in the domain of complex predicates, in both ancient and modern Semitic languages.
Ambiguities in Japanese pseudo-coordination and its dialectal variation
Authors: Shimada Masaharu , Nagano Akiko
Published: February 2022

This paper addresses Japanese pseudo-coordination containing an existential verb by focusing on the two types of existential verbs, one taking an animate subject and the other taking an inanimate subject. Though both can form a pseudo-coordination expression, one is two-way ambiguous in aspectual interpretation, and the other is not. Moreover, dialectal variation is observed. This paper attempts to explain the difference between the two interpretations of Japanese pseudo-coordination and assigns a different structure to each interpretation. More specifically, in one interpretation, existential verbs are truly existential verbs of a lexical category, and in the other interpretation, they are functional categories. Based on this analysis, dialectal variation is also explained based on the notion of externalization.
Three German discourse particles as speech act modifiers
Authors: Schneider Johannes
Published: February 2022

This work attempts to reduce the properties of three German discourse particles (DPs), ja,
nicht and etwa, to the basic building blocks of a formal discourse model (Farkas & Bruce 2010). We propose a definition of DPs as speech act
modifiers that restricts the space of allowed variation of their meanings, arguing against previous approaches in
terms of speaker attitudes. Speech acts modified by ja update the Common Ground
(CG) directly; previous characterizations of the epistemic status of the proposition arise as
descriptions of common justifications for such an imposed CG update. Etwa and
nicht turn open polar questions with two default resolutions into questions with only one
unmarked resolution; epistemic or bouletic attitudes arise as frequent connotations.
Diggers-out, leaf clearer-uppers and stayer-onner-for-nowers
Authors: Lensch Anke
Published: February 2022

To this day, the English -er suffix prototypically derives agent nouns from verbs (ride
V → rider – ‘someone who Vs’). Over the course of a millennium, the -er suffix construction has consistently extended its range of application, and from the 20th century onwards, it has further gained in variablity in that it allows for multiple attachment of -er, such as in looker-onner or stayer-onner-for-nower. The repetition of -er is accompanied by an increase in expressiveness. Additionally, internet attestations suggest there are several other English suffixes that can be repeated in the same manner as -er, consider -y in runny-outy red felt pen and -ed in kicked-upped. The systematicity of this morphosyntactic phenomenon suggests that some speakers of English occasionally choose to flout some rules to create structurally unusual, expressive, and extravagant complex words.
They’re proing it up hardcore1
Authors: Schneider Ulrike
Published: February 2022

The V it up construction expresses an exuberant or excessive performance of the activity denoted by the verb. The present study uses data from Twitter and the Urban Dictionary to analyse current uses of V it up. It employs the frameworks of extravagance (Haspelmath 1999/Keller 1994), expressiveness (Zwicky & Pullum 1987) and gradual transitivity (Hopper & Thompson 1980) to assess the range of heads that partake in the construction and the way it marks these as verbs. Results show that the construction is productively used with verbs converted from various word-classes and even with phrases in the open slot. The construction’s ability to take these extravagant heads goes hand in hand with its penchant for imperatives and progressives, which emphasise the action and are thus excellent verbalisers.
Wild words
Authors: Masini Francesca , Mattiola Simone
Published: February 2022

In this paper we analyse the formal and functional ‘extravagance’ of general extenders embedded within morphological schemas, either at the end of coordinate compounds, or as constituents of complex words, especially at the end of lists of complex words formed according to the same schema. After discussing two case studies from Italian (eccetera ‘etcetera’ and tutto ‘everything/all’), we conclude that complex words containing general extenders are ‘wild words’, namely ‘contextuals’ (Clark & Clark 1979) that are created to meet specific communicative needs and are meant not to be stored. As such, they serve as a strategy to create ‘ad hoc categories’ (Mauri & Sansò 2018a). The relationship of ‘wild words’ with lists is also explored and deemed crucial both for their semantic interpretation and for explaining their collocation within morphological structures.
Ribbon boosts ribosomal protein gene expression to coordinate organ form and function
Authors: Loganathan Rajprasad , Levings Daniel C. , Kim Ji Hoon , Wells Michael B. , Chiu Hannah , Wu Yifan , Slattery Matthew , Andrew Deborah J.
Published: February 2022

Cell growth is well defined for late (postembryonic) stages of development, but evidence for early (embryonic) cell growth during postmitotic morphogenesis is limited. Here, we report early cell growth as a key characteristic of tubulogenesis in the Drosophila embryonic salivary gland (SG) and trachea. A BTB/POZ domain nuclear factor, Ribbon (Rib), mediates this early cell growth. Rib binds the transcription start site of nearly every SG-expressed ribosomal protein gene (RPG) and is required for full expression of all RPGs tested. Rib binding to RPG promoters in vitro is weak and not sequence specific, suggesting that specificity is achieved through cofactor interactions. Accordingly, we demonstrate Rib’s ability to physically interact with each of the three known regulators of RPG transcription. Surprisingly, Rib-dependent early cell growth in another tubular organ, the embryonic trachea, is not mediated by direct RPG transcription. These findings support a model of early cell growth customized by transcriptional regulatory networks to coordinate organ form and function.
Engaging high school students to remote laboratories: the case of the μNet project
Authors: Petropoulos M , Tsirigotis A , Leisos A
Published: February 2022

The microNet (μNet) project aims at the development of an extended network of educational cosmic ray telescopes in the geographical area of western Greece. In the initial phase (2022–2023) of the project, 20 telescopes will be deployed in high school buildings, while more than 50 schools will attend the educational program of μNet by distance, using the remote operated extensive air shower (EAS) detection stations and astroparticle-physics experimental devices deployed at the Hellenic Open University (HOU) campus. A pilot run of the μNet project started in 2020 for the deployment and operation of a small school network of cosmic ray telescopes in the prefecture of Achaea where the HOU is located. Although the original design of the pilot run included mainly activities that are carried out in person, due to the COVID-19 pandemic the remote operations of the μNet project gained focus, advancing the corresponding distance learning activities and remote laboratory methodologies. In this report we present the design of the pilot project, the remote experimental procedures followed during the run and discuss the results and the findings concerning the students’ and schoolteachers’ receptiveness of our methodology.