bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Art of Transference
Authors: Kirichenko Alexander
Published: February 2016

Inspired by insights of modern cognitive science, this article investigates the use of self-referential metaphors in Pindar’s epinicians and demonstrates that these metaphors serve to enhance the cognitive effect of the rhetoric of praise. The starting point of the argument is the (dis)analogy between the self-referential deixis that religious hymns use to map aetiological myths to their performance context and the self-referential metaphors that Pindar uses to blend the observable context of the victory celebration with the context of the original victory. It is to emphasize the ‘presentification’ of the victory in the context of the victory celebration (and beyond) that Pindar employs the analogy between poetry and visual arts—presenting his poems either as architectural structures commemorating multiple layers of the past (Olympian 6) or as victor statues endowed with speech and movement (Nemean 5).
The Drifting of the “South” to Beijing:The Southern Factor in Beijing Culture of the Early Qing
Authors: Chen Dandan
Published: February 2016

How did southern China figure in Beijing, the Qing capital? Here “the South” (Jiangnan) must be understood as a cultural rather than geographical term. It does not, however, merely refer to the cultural space in which intellectuals gathered but, rather, to their lifestyle and spiritual existence typical of the elites who resided in regions south of the Yangzi River. This sense of the South involved the body, sense, memory, and everyday experience of Han culture in this period.

Using Foucault’s notion of the “body politic,” I consider the South in opposition to macro politics, the Qing regime, which carried out society’s disciplinary and punishment functions. The body politic is a kind of “micro power,” which can sometimes override or undermine macro politics. In the process of accepting discipline and punishment from the Qing court, the South, drifting northward as its most talented men arrived to serve the Qing, was able to penetrate and reshape national politics in Beijing. In this sense, it maintained a measure of influence even in the face of hostile macro politics. To unpack the interaction between macro politics and micro politics, this article explores how the southern literati migrated to Beijing and established cultural circles there; how southern literati rewrote the idea of the “South” in the North and turned its remembrance into textual, physical, and spiritual rituals; and finally, how the South and the inscribing of the South, either in text or in action, served as a mode of existence for Chinese elites. I consider how intellectuals maintained or created links to the old culture by extending the South into the real spaces of the North and, more importantly, into their psychology.
Weeding the nettles IV: A redefinition of Urtica incisa and allies in New Zealand and Australia, including the segregation of two new species Urtica sykesii and U. perconfusa
Authors: Grosse-Veldmann Bernadette , Conn Barry J , Weigend Maximilian
Published: February 2016

Taxon differentiation in Urtica from Australia and New Zealand initially appears to be uncomplicated, with taxa being easy to distinguish. However, a revision of the type material, more recent collections and a comparison of Australian and New Zealand material shows that three of the names are misapplied. Urtica gracilis (as U. dioica subsp. gracilis, North America) has been reported as introduced to New Zealand, but molecular data retrieve the corresponding specimens with the other NZ-species and we argue that they belong to the polygamous Australian species Urtica incisa. A critical revision of the protologues and type collections reveals that the names Urtica incisa, originally described from mainland Australia, and U. incisa var. linearifolia from Tasmania, have been misapplied to New Zealand taxa. Both New Zealand “Urtica linearifolia” and “U. incisa” represent unnamed taxa and are here formally described as Urtica perconfusa and Urtica sykesii, respectively. Urtica perconfusa corresponds to what is erroneously known as U. linearifolia. Urtica sykesii is an overlooked species, erroneously interpreted as U. incisa in New Zealand. It may be differentiated from U. incisa Poir. by its smaller, deltoid leaf lamina with a truncate to subcordate base (versus truncate to cuneate), fewer leaf teeth (9–12 on each side rather than 14–20 in U. incisa) and smaller plant size (20–60 cm rather than 60–200 cm in U. incisa). We found evidence for the presence of true introduced U. dioica subsp. dioica in New Zealand, but not for U. gracilis. Rather, New Zealand specimens assigned to the putatively introduced northern hemisphere U. gracilis belong to U. incisa as described from Australia. Typifications for the species treated here are provided, including an updated key to the Australian and New Zealand taxa. There are thus six native species of Urtica in New Zealand, four of them endemic, and two also indigenous in Australia.
Tardigrades of the Tree Canopy: Milnesium swansoni sp. nov. (Eutardigrada: Apochela: Milnesiidae) a new species from Kansas, U.S.A.
Authors: YOUNG ALEXANDER , CHAPPELL BENJAMIN , MILLER WILLIAM , LOWMAN MARGARET
Published: February 2016

Milnesium swansoni sp. nov. is a new species of Eutardigrada described from the tree canopy in eastern Kansas, USA. This species within the order Apochela, family Milnesiidae, genus Milnesium is distinguished by its smooth cuticle, narrow buccal tube, four peribuccal lamellae, primary claws without accessory points, and a secondary claw configuration of [3-3]-[3-3]. The buccal tube appears to be only half the width of the nominal species Milnesium tardigradum for animals of similar body length. The species adds to the available data for the phylum, and raises questions concerning species distribution.
New species and new record of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) from Mexico, with updates to type depository for two species of Disteniinae
Authors: HEFFERN DANIEL , SANTOS-SILVA ANTONIO
Published: February 2016

Three new species are described from Mexico belonging to two different subfamilies: Derobrachus moroni (Prioninae); Elytrimitatrix (Grossifemora) nogueirai, and E. (G.) cunninghami (Disteniinae). The new species are illustrated and included in existing keys. A new country record is given for Neomallodon arizonicus (Casey, 1912) (Prioninae). The type depository is corrected for two species of Disteniinae.
Atmospheric Deposition of Macronutrients (Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen and Phosphorous) onto the Black Sea and Implications on Marine Productivity*
Authors: Koçak M. , Mihalopoulos N. , Tutsak E. , Violaki K. , Theodosi C. , Zarmpas P. , Kalegeri P.
Published: February 2016

Two-sized aerosol samples were obtained from a rural site located close to Sinop on the south coastline of the Black Sea. In addition, bulk deposition samples were collected at Varna, located on the west coastline of the Black Sea. Both aerosol and deposition samples were analyzed for the main macronutrients, NO3−, NH4+, and PO43−. The mean aerosol nitrate and ammonium concentrations were 7.1 ± 5.5 and 22.8 ± 17.8 nmol m−3, respectively. The mean aerosol phosphate concentration was 0.69 ± 0.31 nmol m−3, ranging from 0.21 to 2.36 nmol m−3. Interestingly, phosphate concentration over Sinop was substantially higher than those of most Mediterranean sites. Comparison of the atmospheric and riverine inputs for the Black Sea revealed that atmospheric dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) only ranged between 4% and 13%, while the atmospheric dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) fluxes had significantly higher contributions with values ranging from 12% to 37%. The molar N:P ratios in atmospheric deposition for Sinop and Varna were 13 and 14, respectively, both of which were lower than the Redfield ratio (16). The atmospheric molar N:P ratios over the Black Sea were considerably lower than those reported for riverine fluxes (41) and the Mediterranean region (more than 200). The atmospheric P flux can sustain 0.5%–5.2% of the primary production, whereas the N flux can sustain 0.4%–4.8% of the primary production. The contribution of the atmospheric flux may enhance by 2.6 when the new production is considered.
Impacts of the Pacific–Japan and Circumglobal Teleconnection Patterns on the Interdecadal Variability of the East Asian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Wu Bo , Zhou Tianjun , Li Tim
Published: February 2016

Based on the Twentieth Century Reanalysis (20CR) dataset, the dominant modes of interdecadal variability of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) are investigated through a multivariate empirical orthogonal function analysis (MV-EOF). The first mode (EA1) is characterized by an anomalous cyclone centered over Taiwan and an anomalous anticyclone centered over the Bohai Sea. These phenomena are part of the meridional wave–like teleconnection pattern propagating poleward from the southern tropical western North Pacific (WNP), referred to as the interdecadal Pacific–Japan (PJ) pattern. The interdecadal PJ pattern is driven by negative anomalous convective heating over the southern tropical WNP, which is associated with the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO) and the interdecadal Indian Ocean basin mode (IOBM). The amplitude of the EA1 and its contribution to the total variance of the EASM decrease remarkably after the 1960s. The second MV-EOF mode (EA2) is characterized by cyclone anomalies extending from northeastern China to Japan, which are part of a circumglobal wave train. Given the spatial scale of the wave train in the zonal direction (wavenumber 5), as well as the fact that it possesses barotropic structures and propagates along the Northern Hemispheric jet stream, it is referred to herein as the interdecadal circumglobal teleconnection (CGT) pattern. The interdecadal CGT pattern is associated with the forcing from the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO). Though the interdecadal PJ and CGT patterns are derived from the 20CR dataset, they are carefully verified through comparisons with various observational and reanalysis datasets from different perspectives.
Characterizing Predictability of Precipitation Means and Extremes over the Conterminous United States, 1949–2010*
Authors: Jiang Mingkai , Felzer Benjamin S. , Sahagian Dork
Published: February 2016

The proper understanding of precipitation variability, seasonality, and predictability are important for effective environmental management. Precipitation and its associated extremes vary in magnitude and duration both spatially and temporally, making it one of the most challenging climate parameters to predict on the basis of global and regional climate models. Using information theory, an improved understanding of precipitation predictability in the conterminous United States over the period of 1949–2010 is sought based on a gridded monthly precipitation dataset. Predictability is defined as the recurrent likelihood of patterns described by the metrics of magnitude variability and seasonality. It is shown that monthly mean precipitation and duration-based dry and wet extremes are generally highly variable in the east compared to those in the west, while the reversed spatial pattern is observed for intensity-based wetness indices except along the Pacific Northwest coast. It is thus inferred that, over much of the U.S. landscape, variations of monthly mean precipitation are driven by the variations in precipitation occurrences rather than the intensity of infrequent heavy rainfall. It is further demonstrated that precipitation seasonality for means and extremes is homogeneously invariant within the United States, with the exceptions of the West Coast, Florida, and parts of the Midwest, where stronger seasonality is identified. A proportionally higher role of variability in regulating precipitation predictability is demonstrated. Seasonality surpasses variability only in parts of the West Coast. The quantified patterns of predictability for precipitation means and extremes have direct applications to those phenomena influenced by climate periodicity, such as biodiversity and ecosystem management.
Error and Energy Budget Analysis of a Nonhydrostatic Stretched-Grid Global Atmospheric Model
Authors: Uchida Junya , Mori Masato , Nakamura Hisashi , Satoh Masaki , Suzuki Kentaroh , Nakajima Teruyuki
Published: February 2016

A nonhydrostatic stretched-grid (SG) model is used to analyze the large-scale errors generated by stretching horizontal grids and their influence on a region of interest. Simulations by a fully compressible, nonhydrostatic global atmospheric model, the Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM), and its SG regional model, stretched-NICAM, were performed for the months of March, April, and May of 2011 using various resolutions and stretching factors. A comparison of week-long accumulative precipitation amounts between the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite data and the quasi-uniform and SG simulations showed that a stretched run better represents storms and associated precipitation because the errors generated in the outer regions with coarser grid spacing do not significantly affect the inner domain centered at the focal point. For season-long simulations, in one particular set of stretched runs with the focal point located in the eastern United States, the artificial suppression of baroclinic development of midlatitude eddies in the Southern Hemisphere weakened the eddy-driven polar-front jet (PFJ), which yielded a cold bias at mid- to high latitudes. However, in the Northern Hemisphere, in contrast, the aforementioned changes are less apparent. Therefore, for the SG runs, the mean temperature was maintained at the region of interest, and an increased amount of moderate to heavy precipitation, which is also frequently found in the TRMM data, was observed; thus, the benefits of increased resolution were realized. However, careful attention must be given when applying the SG model because a regional climate response to the change in the large-scale circulations may not be fully accounted for.
On What Scale Can We Predict the Agronomic Onset of the West African Monsoon?
Authors: Fitzpatrick Rory G. J. , Bain Caroline L. , Knippertz Peter , Marsham John H. , Parker Douglas J.
Published: February 2016

Accurate prediction of the commencement of local rainfall over West Africa can provide vital information for local stakeholders and regional planners. However, in comparison with analysis of the regional onset of the West African monsoon, the spatial variability of the local monsoon onset has not been extensively explored. One of the main reasons behind the lack of local onset forecast analysis is the spatial noisiness of local rainfall. A new method that evaluates the spatial scale at which local onsets are coherent across West Africa is presented. This new method can be thought of as analogous to a regional signal against local noise analysis of onset. This method highlights regions where local onsets exhibit a quantifiable degree of spatial consistency (denoted local onset regions or LORs). It is found that local onsets exhibit a useful amount of spatial agreement, with LORs apparent across the entire studied domain; this is in contrast to previously found results. Identifying local onset regions and understanding their variability can provide important insight into the spatial limit of monsoon predictability. While local onset regions can be found over West Africa, their size is much smaller than the scale found for seasonal rainfall homogeneity. A potential use of local onset regions is presented that shows the link between the annual intertropical front progression and local agronomic onset.
Making femicide visible
Authors: Weil Shalva
Published: February 2016

The sociological literature on femicide, compared to intimate partner and other forms of gender violence, is scarce. While feminist sociology has addressed the inaudibility of women, femicide remains invisible. Femicide rates are social facts worthy of sociological attention. Like suicide, femicide has to be defined and analysed according to type. The article postulates possible reasons for the invisibility of the phenomenon, such as the unpleasantness of the subject, scope, its conception as a radical feminist idea, fuzziness, its identification with other concepts like genocide, and methodological difficulties in researching it because of the impossibility of researching dead women first-hand, missing data and the difficulties in comparing data cross-nationally. None of the seven posited hypotheses could account for the dearth of sociological literature on the subject. Suggestions for enhancing the visibility of femicide are made, with a call to unearth the phenomenon and remove its invisibility in sociology.
Sudden unexpected death due to strangulated inguinal hernia
Authors: Menezes Ritesh G , Padubidri Jagadish Rao , Raghavendra Babu YP , Naik Ramadas , Kanchan Tanuj , Senthilkumaran Subramanian , Chawla Khushboo
Published: February 2016

Sudden unwitnessed, unexpected deaths when the bodies are found in public places require a complete and meticulous medicolegal autopsy to ascertain the cause and manner of death to avoid further unnecessary investigations by the legal authorities. Such deaths attributed to gastrointestinal causes at autopsy are relatively uncommon. We report a case of sudden unexpected death due to strangulated inguinal hernia in a 60-year-old man. The body was discovered in a public area near a place of worship. The present case illustrates a potentially preventable sudden unexpected death due to a surgically correctable gastrointestinal condition. In the present case, the individual feared being hospitalised for treatment of his scrotal swelling with potential surgery and the eventual loss of daily income. In our opinion, such apprehensions may have delayed the potentially life-saving hospital surgical intervention in the individual.
Sulphuric acid marketed in water bottle in India: A cause for fatal accidental poisoning in an adult
Authors: Behera C , Chopra Saurav , Garg Aayushi , Kumar Rajesh
Published: February 2016

Corrosive acid ingestion is a rare but serious health hazard with fatal complications. Cases of suicidal and accidental acid ingestion have been documented in the scientific literature. Accidental acid poisoning due to a mistaken identity of the bottle containing sulphuric acid is a matter of grave concern especially in a household set-up. We hereby report a fatal case of accidental sulphuric acid ingestion in an adult, who unsuspectingly swallowed about 50 ml of ‘toilet-cleaner’ at his residence. The bottle containing the acid was recently purchased from a local vendor and placed with water bottles in the kitchen. The autopsy and toxicological findings of this case are discussed in this paper with discussion of medico-legal issues on the sale and use of such corrosive acids in illegal bottles and its subsequent health hazards in India.
Regulatory Cooperation on Cross-Border Banking – Progress and Challenges After the Crisis
Authors: Beck Thorsten
Published: February 2016

This paper surveys the recent academic literature on the economics of cross-border regulatory cooperation as well as recent policy developments in this area. While institutional arrangements of cross-border regulatory cooperation used to focus on day-to-day supervisory tasks, the crisis has given an impetus to a focus on cooperation at the bank resolution stage, with an array of different cooperation forms. A growing theoretical literature has documented different externalities arising from national supervision of cross-border banks, while empirical evidence has been relatively scarce. The paper concludes with a forward looking agenda both for policy reform and academic research in this area.
Macroprudential Supervision: From Theory to Policy
Authors: Schoenmaker Dirk , Wierts Peter
Published: February 2016

Financial supervision focuses on the aggregate (macroprudential) in addition to the individual (microprudential). But an agreed framework for measuring and addressing financial imbalances is lacking. We propose a holistic approach for the financial system as a whole, beyond banking. Building on our model of financial amplification, the financial cycle is the key variable for measuring financial imbalances. The cycle can be curbed by leverage restrictions that might vary across countries. We make concrete policy proposals for the design of macroprudential instruments to simplify the current framework and make it more consistent.
A case for local neighbourhood policing and community intelligence in counter terrorism
Authors: Thomas Garry
Published: February 2016

Neighbourhood policing is often considered by those responsible for policing to be a soft option, carried out by a few select police officers and police community support officers located in small geographical areas, and is not considered by many to be real policing. This article attempts to dispel this misconception, by suggesting that neighbourhood policing (as originally intended) is a style of policing undertaken by all police officers and staff to identify, action and resolve problems within communities, including virtual and non-traditional communities. Problems within this context would also include more serious crimes and disorders, such as terrorism.
Association of Serum Phosphate Levels and Anemia in Critically Ill Surgical Patients
Authors: Otero Tiffany M. N. , Canales Cecilia , Yeh D. Dante , Johnson Emily A. , Harrison Tara M. , Belcher Donna , Quraishi Sadeq A.
Published: February 2016

Background: Deranged serum phosphate (Phos) levels are associated with anemia in hospitalized patients, but their relevance to critical illness is unclear. Therefore, our goal was to investigate whether abnormal Phos on admission to the surgical intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with anemia. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of data from an ongoing study of nutrition in critical illness. Serum Phos and hemoglobin levels were obtained at ICU admission. Normal Phos was defined as 2.5–4.0 mg/dL. To investigate the association between Phos and anemia, we performed logistic regression analyses, while controlling for age, sex, race, body mass index, Nutrition Risk Screening score, Deyo‐Charlson Comorbidity Index, creatinine, mean corpuscular volume, and serum albumin. Results: In total, 510 patients comprised the analytic cohort; 62% were anemic, 30% had Phos >4.0 mg/dL, and 14% had levels <2.5 mg/dL. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated each unit increment in Phos was associated with a 25% higher likelihood of anemia (odds ratio [OR], 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.50). Moreover, patients with Phos >4.0 mg/dL had a 68% higher likelihood of anemia compared with those with normal levels (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.02–2.80). Patients with Phos <2.5 mg/dL were not more likely to be anemic compared with those with normal levels. Conclusion: Surgical ICU patients with admission Phos >4.0 mg/dL are more likely to be anemic compared with those with normal levels. Our findings support the need for studies to determine whether globally maintaining optimal Phos reduces the likelihood of anemia and whether ideal Phos during acute care hospitalization influences clinical outcomes.
Minipigs in Translational Immunosafety Sciences
Authors: Rubic-Schneider Tina , Christen Brigitte , Brees Dominique , Kammüller Michael
Published: February 2016

The porcine immune system has been studied especially with regard to infectious diseases of the domestic pig, highlighting the economic importance of the pig in agriculture. Recently, in particular, minipigs have received attention as alternative species to dogs or nonhuman primates in drug safety evaluations. The increasing number of new drug targets investigated to modulate immunological pathways has triggered renewed interest to further explore the porcine immune system. Comparative immunological studies of minipigs with other species broaden the translational models investigated in drug safety evaluations. The porcine immune system overall seems functionally similar to other mammalian species, but there are some anatomical, immunophenotypical, and functional differences. Here, we briefly review current knowledge of the innate and adaptive immune system in pigs and minipigs. In conclusion, more systematic and cross-species comparisons are needed to assess the significance of immunological findings in minipigs in the context of translational safety sciences.
Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Longitudinal Characterization of Lung Structure Changes in a Yucatan Miniature Pig Silicosis Model
Authors: Hammond Emily , Newell John D. , Dilger Samantha K. N. , Stoyles Nicholas , Morgan John , Sieren Jered P. , Thedens Daniel R. , Hoffman Eric A. , Meyerholz David K. , Sieren Jessica C.
Published: February 2016

Medical imaging is a rapidly advancing field enabling the repeated, noninvasive assessment of physiological structure and function. These beneficial characteristics can supplement studies in swine by mirroring the clinical functions of detection, diagnosis, and monitoring in humans. In addition, swine may serve as a human surrogate, facilitating the development and comparison of new imaging protocols for translation to humans. This study presents methods for pulmonary imaging developed for monitoring pulmonary disease initiation and progression in a pig exposure model with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. In particular, a focus was placed on systematic processes, including positioning, image acquisition, and structured reporting to monitor longitudinal change. The image-based monitoring procedure was applied to 6 Yucatan miniature pigs. A subset of animals ( n = 3) were injected with crystalline silica into the apical bronchial tree to induce silicosis. The methodology provided longitudinal monitoring and evidence of progressive lung disease while simultaneously allowing for a cross-modality comparative study highlighting the practical application of medical image data collection in swine. The integration of multimodality imaging with structured reporting allows for cross comparison of modalities, refinement of CT and MRI protocols, and consistently monitors potential areas of interest for guided biopsy and/or necropsy.
Dermatotoxicology
Authors: Willard-Mack Cynthia , Ramani Thulasi , Auletta Carol
Published: February 2016

The minipig has long been identified as the nonrodent animal of choice for preclinical safety evaluation of topically applied materials. This article reviews types of topical applications, study designs, and practical considerations. Dermal administration to the minipig presents multiple challenges. Issues to be considered are the area of exposure, the nature of the test article, the need for covering of the dose site, preparation of the dose site, and procedures for administration. The potential for cross-contamination (exposure of control animals to test article) is very high in topical studies and appropriate safeguards to prevent this are discussed. Topical administration to the intact skin is the most commonly utilized form of safety evaluation, but procedures have also been developed for intradermal administration and for the use of nonintact/wounded skin; these will be discussed. Evaluation of local (topical) effects is critical and can become complicated. Considerations in evaluations of the skin are interobserver variability, use of different scoring systems and discrepancies between in vivo observations, necropsy observations, and microscopic pathology findings. Causes for apparent discrepancies and suggestions for practical resolution through appropriate procedures are discussed. Practical issues in necropsy and histotechnology procedures and techniques to optimize preservation of skin are also discussed.
Is Science the Only Driver in Species Selection? An Internal Study to Evaluate Compound Requirements in the Minipig Compared to the Dog in Preclinical Studies
Authors: Schaefer Kai , Rensing Susanne , Hillen Heinz , Burkhardt John E. , Germann Paul-Georg
Published: February 2016

Dogs have been often chosen as a nonrodent species for preclinical development of small molecule drugs mainly due to availability and relative ease of handling. Recently, focus has increased on the minipig as a potential alternative to the dog, based on either scientific rationale or public opinion concerns. There are, however, other factors influencing nonrodent choices, in particular drug amount and synthesis time, which differ between species and therefore may impact the milestones of a drug development program. To assess the magnitude of compound need, a retrospective internal survey was conducted on drug amounts used in dog studies which were translated into the requirements for minipigs. Compound need approximately doubles if minipigs are used. Costs of compound are accordingly higher, and synthesis times are slightly increased. In our company, the differences were not considered significant enough to preclude the use of minipigs if the later preclinical program might benefit from improved human risk prediction.
Benjamin Terry and his rapid razor section method for intraoperative diagnosis
Authors: Duchesne Stéphan R , Naugler Christopher , Wright James R
Published: February 2016

Benjamin Taylor Terry (1876–1955), a little-known pathologist, played a critical role in the popularization of intraoperative diagnostic techniques in the 1920s and 1930s. He developed both a stain and his own rapid razor section method. Intraoperative diagnostic techniques were ultimately responsible for the transition of the practice of pathology and laboratory medicine from private commercial laboratories to a hospital-based practice, forever changing the history of pathology and surgery in North America. Although the intraoperative diagnostic technique he personally developed was reportedly better, faster and more economical than frozen sections, the latter ultimately won the battle for intraoperative diagnostic supremacy.
Collaboration Strategies Between Family Counselors and Attorneys in Child Abuse and Neglect Cases, Child Custody Cases and Reporting
Authors: Robertson Derek L.
Published: February 2016

In this interview, Deirdra Ward, JD, provides guidance to family counselors whose clients are involved with Children’s Protective Services (CPS). Ms. Ward addresses such issues as court appearances, documentation, working within scope of practice, and understanding and communicating effectively with attorneys. Ms. Ward also outlines procedures for reporting abuse as well as the type of information marriage and family counselors should report to the court when working with a family under investigation by CPS.
Healing Together
Authors: Teague-Palmieri Emily B. , Gutierrez Daniel
Published: February 2016

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) has become increasingly common among teens and emerging adults. An individual may engage in NSSI for a variety of reasons from coping with emotional pain or as a distraction from difficult thoughts and painful memories. Although NSSI is a common presenting concern, those in supportive roles of clients struggle to understand the motivations to self-injure as well as how to include appropriate supportive family members in the counseling process for long-term healing. The purpose of this article is to (a) review attachment styles in conceptualizing NSSI, (b) discuss the value of including supportive caregivers/family members in treatment, and (c) provide an evidence-based summative list of suggestions for counselors to provide to caregivers. A case illustration is provided.
Depletion of brain functional connectivity enhancement leads to disability progression in multiple sclerosis: A longitudinal resting-state fMRI study
Authors: Faivre Anthony , Robinet Emmanuelle , Guye Maxime , Rousseau Celia , Maarouf Adil , Le Troter Arnaud , Zaaraoui Wafaa , Rico Audrey , Crespy Lydie , Soulier Elisabeth , Confort-Gouny Sylviane , Pelletier Jean , Achard Sophie , Ranjeva Jean-Philippe , Audoin Bertrand
Published: February 2016

Background:

The compensatory effect of brain functional connectivity enhancement in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) remains controversial.

Objective:

To characterize the relationships between brain functional connectivity changes and disability progression in RRMS.

Methods:

Long-range connectivity, short-range connectivity, and density of connections were assessed using graph theoretical analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data acquired in 38 RRMS patients (disease duration: 120 ± 32 months) and 24 controls. All subjects were explored at baseline and all patients and six controls 2 years later.

Results:

At baseline, levels of long-range and short-range brain functional connectivity were higher in patients compared to controls. During the follow-up, decrease in connections’ density was inversely correlated with disability progression. Post-hoc analysis evidenced differential evolution of brain functional connectivity metrics in patients according to their level of disability at baseline: while patients with lowest disability at baseline experienced an increase in all connectivity metrics during the follow-up, patients with higher disability at baseline showed a decrease in the connectivity metrics. In these patients, decrease in the connectivity metrics was associated with disability progression.

Conclusion:

The study provides two main findings: (1) brain functional connectivity enhancement decreases during the disease course after reaching a maximal level, and (2) decrease in brain functional connectivity enhancement participates in disability progression.
Type D personality and physical inactivity: The mediating effects of low self-efficacy
Authors: Wiencierz Stacey , Williams Lynn
Published: February 2016

Type D personality is associated with health-damaging behaviours among the general population. This study assessed the relationship between Type D personality, physical activity and self-efficacy. A total of 189 participants completed measures of Type D personality, physical activity and self-efficacy. Type D individuals had significantly lower levels of self-efficacy and engaged in significantly less walking and total exercise compared to non-Type D’s. Furthermore, self-efficacy fully mediated the relationship between Type D and physical activity. Low levels of self-efficacy may be one mechanism to help explain why Type D individuals engage in more disease-promoting behaviours.
‘I was in control of it from the start’: A qualitative study of men’s experiences of positive adjustment following a heart attack
Authors: Smith Fran , Banwell Elizabeth , Rakhit Roby
Published: February 2016

A qualitative design was used to explore the experience of positive adjustment following a heart attack. Ten men attending a cardiac rehabilitation programme completed in-depth semi-structured interviews. An overarching theme: ‘I was in control of it from the start’ emerged with six subthemes, relating to intrapersonal and interpersonal factors and processes. The subthemes reflected the importance of identifying controllable versus non-controllable factors and employing adaptive coping strategies.
The cloud, online piracy and global copyright governance
Authors: Wang Shujen
Published: February 2016

Piracy is taking on an entirely new character in the age of media in the cloud. Global technology and business models are evolving rapidly, while regulators and lawmakers are catching up in attempts to work out a new set of rules of engagement. In this article, I explore the divergent developments between a retrograde global copyright governance regime and cloud-based media distribution that focuses on connectivity and access. I also examine attempts at business model innovation that seek to effectively embrace and control the continually evolving user–content–platform interaction in the cloud. This article will contribute to our understanding of this rapidly changing ecosystem and the dynamics between technology, law and market.
Collapse analysis of reinforced concrete frames including bar fracture
Authors: Valipour Hamid Reza , Vessali Nima , Foster Stephen
Published: February 2016

A nonlinear one-dimensional compound frame element is formulated and applied to collapse analysis of reinforced concrete frames including fracture of longitudinal reinforcing bars. The proposed formulation can take account of geometrical and material nonlinearities including cracking and crushing of the concrete, yielding of steel bars, post-yield tension stiffening and fracture of reinforcing steel bars and fixed-end rotation. The material nonlinearities are formulated within the framework of a distributed nonlinearity model, and the rupture of reinforcing bars is captured by nodal springs with damage multipliers. The developed analytical tool is verified against available experimental data in the literature. It is shown that the developed compound element and proposed modelling strategies can capture the full load–deflection response and the ultimate loading capacity of reinforced concrete beam assemblages/frames subjected to large displacements.
Cytoskeletal architecture and cell motility remain unperturbed in mouse embryonic fibroblasts from Plk3 knockout mice
Authors: Michel Daniel R , Mun Kyu-Shik , Ho Chia-Chi , Stambrook Peter J
Published: February 2016

Polo-like kinase 3 (Plk3) is best known for its involvement in cell cycle checkpoint regulation following exposure to cytotoxicants or induction of DNA damage. Yet, Plk3 has also been implicated in roles beyond those of cellular responses to DNA damage. Here, we have investigated the proposition, suggested by the Plk literature, that Plk3 regulates cytoskeletal architecture and cell functions mediated by the cytoskeleton. To this end, we have assayed mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) generated from both Plk3 knockout and wild-type mice. In particular, we asked whether Plk3 is involved in actin fiber and microtubule integrity, cell migration, cell attachment, and/or cell invasion. Our results demonstrate that functional Plk3 is not critical for the regulation of cytoskeletal integrity, cell morphology, cell adhesion, or motility in MEFs.
Safety and Feasibility of Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery in Patients With Mechanical Circulatory Assist Devices
Authors: Ashfaq Awais , Chapital Alyssa B. , Johnson Daniel J. , Staley Linda L. , Arabia Francisco A. , Harold Kristi L.
Published: February 2016

Objectives. Increasing number of mechanical circulatory assist devices (MCADs) are being placed in heart failure patients. Morbidity from device placement is high and the outcome of patients who require noncardiac surgery after, is unclear. As laparoscopic interventions are associated with decreased morbidity, we examined the impact of such procedures in these patients. Methods. A retrospective review was conducted on 302 patients who underwent MCAD placement from 2005 to 2012. All laparoscopic abdominal surgeries were included and impact on postoperative morbidity and mortality studied. Results. Ten out of 16 procedures were laparoscopic with 1 conversion to open. Seven patients had a HeartMate II, 2 had Total Artificial Hearts, and 1 had CentriMag. Four patients had devices for ischemic cardiomyopathy and 6 cases were emergent. Surgeries included 6 laparoscopic cholecystectomies, 2 exploratory laparoscopies, 1 laparoscopic colostomy takedown, and 1 laparoscopic ventral hernia repair with mesh. Median age of the patients was 63 years (range, 29-79 years). Median operative time was 123 minutes (range, 30-380 minutes). Five of 10 patients were on preoperative anticoagulation with average intraoperative blood loss of 150 mL (range, 20-700 mL). There were 3 postoperative complications; acute respiratory failure, acute kidney injury and multisystem organ failure resulting in death not related to the surgical procedure. Conclusion. The need for noncardiac surgery in post-MCAD patients is increasing due to limited donors and due to more durable and longer support from newer generation assist devices. While surgery should be approached with caution in this high-risk group, laparoscopic surgery appears to be a safe and successful treatment option.
Postmarketing Analysis of a Novel, Cordless Ultrasonic Dissector
Authors: Baker Erin H. , Kirks Russell C. , Drummond Jessica , Naumann Robert W. , Stefanidis Dimitrios , Swan Ryan Z. , Martinie John B. , Vrochides Dionisios , Iannitti David A.
Published: February 2016

Introduction. Tissue dissection and vessel sealing is performed using a variety of energy sources and surgical devices. We describe the postmarketing analysis of a cordless ultrasonic dissector and vessel sealer in a series of general and gynecological procedures. Methods. Patients were prospectively screened and consented for participation. Data collected included demographics, device activations/seals and failures, and patient complications. Surgeons were surveyed following each case. Data was analyzed using standard statistical methods. Results. A total of 110 patients were consented and participated in the study. The most frequently performed procedures were bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (n = 48) and total laparoscopic hysterectomy (n = 36). Mean age was 54.2 years and 79.2% were female. The most frequent number of device activations per case was between 26 and 50 (36.6%). Five failed seals occurred out of 4858 total estimated seals (0.11%). Failed seals were felt to be due to thickened, scarred tissue not amenable to device compression. There were no patient intraoperative complications related to the device itself. Overall, surgeons felt the device was extremely easy to use (97.6%) and no visual obstruction due to steam from the device was encountered (95%). Ninety-five percent of surgeons felt the device was beneficial for soft tissue dissection and vessel sealing. Conclusion. Sonicision is safe and effective for use in dissection of soft tissues and vessel sealing in a variety of laparoscopic and open procedures. In this study, there were no complications related to the device itself. The remarkable cordless design of this device enhances its ease of use with overall excellent effectiveness.
Fast Adomian decomposition method for the Cauchy problem of the time-fractional reaction diffusion equation
Authors: Shi Xiang-Chao , Huang Lan-Lan , Zeng Yi
Published: February 2016

The fractional reaction diffusion equation is one of the popularly used fractional partial differential equations in recent years. The fast Adomian decomposition method is used to obtain the solution of the Cauchy problem. Also, the analytical scheme is extended to the fractional one where the Taylor series is employed. In comparison with the classical Adomian decomposition method, the ratio of the convergence is increased. The method is more reliable for the fractional partial differential equations.
The Cost of Recovery
Authors: Roddy Juliette , Draus Paul , Asabigi Kanzoni
Published: February 2016

This paper describes the economic changes experienced by former Detroit sex workers as they progressed through a court-supervised treatment and recovery program. Semistructured interviews were conducted with women during three phases of the program: pretreatment ( n = 31), treatment ( n = 24), and transitional housing/independence ( n = 31). Interviews were also conducted with women who had terminated from the program ( n = 8). Sources and levels of income and expenses in each phase were recorded in detail. We found that women earned and spent substantially more money when they actively engaged in street sex work. Legal income remained low after the treatment phase, with only 39 percent of women in the final phase reporting regular work. We conclude that decreased drug expenditures are not enough to offset the decrease in income that accompanies termination of sex work. Policies supporting income, employment, and education for people in transition are recommended.
Reporting systems in gastrointestinal endoscopy: Requirements and standards facilitating quality improvement: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy position statement
Authors: Bretthauer Michael , Aabakken Lars , Dekker Evelien , Kaminski Michal F , Rösch Thomas , Hultcrantz Rolf , Suchanek Stepan , Jover Rodrigo , Kuipers Ernst J , Bisschops Raf , Spada Cristiano , Valori Roland , Domagk Dirk , Rees Colin , Rutter Matthew D ,   ESGE Quality Improvement Committee
Published: February 2016

To develop standards for high quality of gastrointestinal endoscopy, the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) has established the ESGE Quality Improvement Committee. A prerequisite for quality assurance and improvement for all gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures is state‐of‐the‐art integrated digital reporting systems for standardized documentation of the procedures. The current paper describes the ESGE’s viewpoints on requirements for high‐quality endoscopy reporting systems. The following recommendations are issued:

Endoscopy reporting systems must be electronic.

Endoscopy reporting systems should be integrated into hospital patient record systems.

Endoscopy reporting systems should include patient identifiers to facilitate data linkage to other data sources.

Endoscopy reporting systems shall restrict the use of free text entry to a minimum, and be based mainly on structured data entry.

Separate entry of data for quality or research purposes is discouraged. Automatic data transfer for quality and research purposes must be facilitated.

Double entry of data by the endoscopist or associate personnel is discouraged. Available data from outside sources (administrative or medical) must be made available automatically.

Endoscopy reporting systems shall enable the inclusion of information on histopathology of detected lesions; patient’s satisfaction; adverse events; surveillance recommendations.

Endoscopy reporting systems must facilitate easy data retrieval at any time in a universally compatible format.

Endoscopy reporting systems must include data fields for key performance indicators as defined by quality improvement committees.

Endoscopy reporting systems must facilitate changes in indicators and data entry fields as required by professional organizations.
Optimizing Tailored Health Promotion for Older Adults
Authors: Marcus-Varwijk Anne Esther , Koopmans Marg , Visscher Tommy L. S. , Seidell Jacob C. , Slaets Joris P. J. , Smits Carolien H. M.
Published: February 2016

Objective: This study explores older adults’ perspectives on healthy living, and their interactions with professionals regarding healthy living. This perspective is necessary for health professionals when they engage in tailored health promotion in their daily work routines. Method: In a qualitative study, 18 semi-structured interviews were carried out with older adults (aged 55-98) living in the Netherlands. The framework analysis method was used to analyze the transcripts. Results: Three themes emerged from the data—(a) healthy living: daily routines and staying active, (b) enacting healthy living: accepting and adapting, (c) interaction with health professionals with regard to healthy living: autonomy and reciprocity. Discussion: Older adults experience healthy living in a holistic way in which they prefer to live active and independent lives. Health professionals should focus on building an equal relationship of trust and focus on positive health outcomes, such as autonomy and self-sufficiency when communicating about healthy living.