bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of HPV16 Lineages in South African and Mozambican Women with Normal and Abnormal Cervical Cytology
Authors: Maueia Cremildo , Carulei Olivia , Murahwa Alltalents T. , Taku Ongeziwe , Manjate Alice , Mussá Tufária , Williamson Anna-Lise
Published: August 2024

Background: Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) is an oncogenic virus responsible for the majority of invasive cervical cancer cases worldwide. Due to genetic modifications, some variants are more oncogenic than others. We analysed the HPV16 phylogeny in HPV16-positive cervical Desoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) samples collected from South African and Mozambican women to detect the circulating lineages. Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the long control region (LCR) and 300 nucleotides of the E6 region was performed using HPV16-specific primers on HPV16-positive cervical samples collected in women from South Africa and Mozambique. HPV16 sequences were obtained through Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) methods. Geneious prime and MEGA 11 software were used to align the sequences to 16 HPV16 reference sequences, gathering the A, B, C, and D lineages and generating the phylogenetic tree. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the LCR and E6 regions were analysed and the phylogenetic tree was generated using Geneious Prime software. Results: Fifty-eight sequences were analysed. Of these sequences, 79% (46/58) were from women who had abnormal cervical cytology. Fifteen SNPs in the LCR and eight in the E6 region were found to be the most common in all sequences. The phylogenetic analysis determined that 45% of the isolates belonged to the A1 sublineage (European variant), 34% belonged to the C1 sublineage (African 1 variant), 16% belonged to the B1 and B2 sublineage (African 2 variant), two isolates belonged to the D1–3 sublineages (Asian-American variant), and one to the North American variant. Conclusions: The African and European HPV16 variants were the most common circulating lineages in South African and Mozambican women. A high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) was the most common cervical abnormality observed and linked to European and African lineages. These findings may contribute to understanding molecular HPV16 epidemiology in South Africa and Mozambique.
Modeling the 2014–2015 Vesicular Stomatitis Outbreak in the United States Using an SEIR-SEI Approach
Authors: Humphreys John M. , Pelzel-McCluskey Angela M. , Shults Phillip T. , Velazquez-Salinas Lauro , Bertram Miranda R. , McGregor Bethany L. , Cohnstaedt Lee W. , Swanson Dustin A. , Scroggs Stacey L. P. , Fautt Chad , Mooney Amber , Peters Debra P. C. , Rodriguez Luis L.
Published: August 2024

Vesicular stomatitis (VS) is a vector-borne livestock disease caused by the vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV). This study presents the first application of an SEIR-SEI compartmental model to analyze VSNJV transmission dynamics. Focusing on the 2014–2015 outbreak in the United States, the model integrates vertebrate hosts and insect vector demographics while accounting for heterogeneous competency within the populations and observation bias in documented disease cases. Key epidemiological parameters were estimated using Bayesian inference and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, including the force of infection, effective reproduction number (Rt), and incubation periods. The model revealed significant underreporting, with only 10–24% of infections documented, 23% of which presented with clinical symptoms. These findings underscore the importance of including competence and imperfect detection in disease models to depict outbreak dynamics and inform effective control strategies accurately. As a baseline model, this SEIR-SEI implementation is intended to serve as a foundation for future refinements and expansions to improve our understanding of VS dynamics. Enhanced surveillance and targeted interventions are recommended to manage future VS outbreaks.
QuickFit: A High-Throughput RT-qPCR-Based Assay to Quantify Viral Growth and Fitness In Vitro
Authors: Galvez Nicolas M. S. , Sheehan Maegan L. , Lin Allen Z. , Cao Yi , Lam Evan C. , Jackson Abigail M. , Balazs Alejandro B.
Published: August 2024

Quantifying viral growth rates is key to understanding evolutionary dynamics and the potential for mutants to escape antiviral drugs. Defining evolutionary escape paths and their impact on viral fitness allows for the development of drugs that are resistant to escape. In the case of HIV, combination antiretroviral therapy can successfully prevent or treat infection, but it relies on strict adherence to prevent escape. Here, we present a method termed QuickFit that enables the quantification of viral fitness by employing large numbers of parallel viral cultures to measure growth rates accurately. QuickFit consistently recapitulated HIV growth measurements obtained by traditional approaches, but with significantly higher throughput and lower rates of error. This method represents a promising tool for rapid and consistent evaluation of viral fitness.
Nifuroxazide Prevents Chikungunya Virus Infection Both In Vitro and In Vivo via Suppressing Viral Replication
Authors: Liu Yangang , Xu Mingxiao , Xia Binghui , Qiao Zhuoyue , He Yanhua , Liu Yan , Pan Zhendong , Zhang Congcong , Peng Haoran , Liang Xuesong , Zhao Ping , Tang Hailin , Zheng Xu
Published: August 2024

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a reemerging arbovirus causing disease on a global scale, and the potential for its epidemics remains high. CHIKV has caused millions of cases and heavy economic burdens around the world, while there are no available approved antiviral therapies to date. In this study, nifuroxazide, an FDA-approved antibiotic for acute diarrhea or colitis, was found to significantly inhibit a variety of arboviruses, although its antiviral activity varied among different target cell types. Nifuroxazide exhibited relatively high inhibitory efficiency in yellow fever virus (YFV) infection of the hepatoma cell line Huh7, tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and west nile virus (WNV) infection of the vascular endothelial cell line HUVEC, and CHIKV infection of both Huh7 cells and HUVECs, while it barely affected the viral invasion of neurons. Further systematic studies on the action stage of nifuroxazide showed that nifuroxazide mainly inhibited in the viral replication stage. In vivo, nifuroxazide significantly reduced the viral load in muscles and protected mice from CHIKV-induced footpad swelling, an inflammation injury within the arthrosis of infected mice. These results suggest that nifuroxazide has a potential clinical application as an antiviral drug, such as in the treatment of CHIKV infection.
Prevalence and Seasonal Patterns of 16 Common Viral Respiratory Pathogens during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Gauteng Province, South Africa, 2020–2021
Authors: Reddy Bhaveshan , Simane Andiswa , Mthiyane Hloniphile , Mashishi Bonolo , Mbenenge Nonhlanhla , Treurnicht Florette K.
Published: August 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in widespread morbidity and mortality, but generally, the diagnosis of other respiratory viruses was limited. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of other respiratory viruses during the 2020/2021 pandemic among patients of all ages who accessed care at public healthcare facilities in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Laboratory diagnosis for respiratory viruses, with or without SARS-CoV-2, was conducted via multiplex real-time polymerase chain reactions using respiratory specimens. A total of 1776 patients were included from 1 April 2020 to 31 March 2021, of which 766 (43.1%) were positive for respiratory viruses other than SARS-CoV-2. RV (368/1776; 20.7%) was the most prevalent, followed by RSV (304/1776; 17.1%), AdV (112/1776; 6.3%) and EV (105/1776; 5.9%). hCoV-OC43 (39/1776; 2.2%) was the most prevalent common coronavirus. SARS-CoV-2 co-infections were detected in 4.8% (24/500) of patients. Only 27.1% (482/1776) of patients were admitted to high-care or intensive care units. A decrease in respiratory virus detections was observed, except for RSV, EV and hCoV-OC43. RSV prevalence increased in 2021, while influenza A/B viruses remained undetected.
A Non-Hemadsorbing Live-Attenuated Virus Vaccine Candidate Protects Pigs against the Contemporary Pandemic Genotype II African Swine Fever Virus
Authors: Truong Quang Lam , Wang Lihua , Nguyen Tuan Anh , Nguyen Hoa Thi , Le Anh Dao , Nguyen Giap Van , Vu Anh Thi , Hoang Phuong Thi , Le Trang Thi , Nguyen Huyen Thi , Nguyen Hang Thu Thi , Lai Huong Lan Thi , Bui Dao Anh Tran , Huynh Le My Thi , Madera Rachel , Li Yuzhen , Retallick Jamie , Matias-Ferreyra Franco , Nguyen Lan Thi , Shi Jishu
Published: August 2024

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and severe hemorrhagic transboundary swine viral disease with up to a 100% mortality rate, which leads to a tremendous socio-economic loss worldwide. The lack of safe and efficacious ASF vaccines is the greatest challenge in the prevention and control of ASF. In this study, we generated a safe and effective live-attenuated virus (LAV) vaccine candidate VNUA-ASFV-LAVL3 by serially passaging a virulent genotype II strain (VNUA-ASFV-L2) in an immortalized porcine alveolar macrophage cell line (3D4/21, 50 passages). VNUA-ASFV-LAVL3 lost its hemadsorption ability but maintained comparable growth kinetics in 3D4/21 cells to that of the parental strain. Notably, it exhibited significant attenuation of virulence in pigs across different doses (103, 104, and 105 TCID50). All vaccinated pigs remained healthy with no clinical signs of African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection throughout the 28-day observation period of immunization. VNUA-ASFV-LAVL3 was efficiently cleared from the blood at 14–17 days post-infection, even at the highest dose (105 TCID50). Importantly, the attenuation observed in vivo did not compromise the ability of VNUA-ASFV-LAVL3 to induce protective immunity. Vaccination with VNUA-ASFV-LAVL3 elicited robust humoral and cellular immune responses in pigs, achieving 100% protection against a lethal wild-type ASFV (genotype II) challenge at all tested doses (103, 104, and 105 TCID50). Furthermore, a single vaccination (104 TCID50) provided protection for up to 2 months. These findings suggest that VNUA-ASFV-LAVL3 can be utilized as a promising safe and efficacious LAV candidate against the contemporary pandemic genotype II ASFV.
Interpretation of Soil Characteristics and Preferential Water Flow in Different Forest Covers of Karst Areas of China
Authors: Kan Xiaoqing , Cheng Jinhua , Zheng Wengang , Zhangzhong Lili , Li Jing , Liu Changbin , Zhang Xin
Published: August 2024

Soil hydrology seriously affects the prevention of desertification in karst areas. However, water infiltration in the different soil layers of secondary forests and artificial forests in karst areas remains uncertain. This lack of clarity is also the factor that constrains local vegetation restoration. Therefore, monitoring and simulating the priority transport of soil moisture will help us understand the shallow soil moisture transport patterns after artificial vegetation restoration in the local area, providing a reference for more scientific restoration of the ecological environment and enhancement of carbon storage in karst areas. The integration of soil physical property assessments, computed tomography (CT) scanning, dye tracing studies, and HYDRUS-2D modeling was utilized to evaluate and contrast the attributes of soil macropores and the phenomenon of preferential flow across various forestland categories. This approach allowed for a comprehensive analysis of how the soil structure and water movement are influenced by different forest ecosystems and infiltration head simulations (5 mm, 15 mm, 35 mm, and 55 mm) to elucidate the dynamics of water movement across diverse soil types within karst regions, to identify the causes of water leakage due to preferential flow in secondary forests, and to understand the mechanisms of water conservation and reduction in artificial forests adopting a multifaceted approach. This study demonstrated that (1) the soil hydrological capacity of a plantation forest was 20% higher than a natural forest, which may be promoted by the clay content and distribution. (2) Afforestation-enhanced soils in karst regions demonstrate a significant capacity to mitigate the loss of clay particles during episodes of preferential flow and then improve the soil erosion resistance by about 5 times, which can effectively control desertification in karst area. (3) The uniform distribution of macropores in plantation forest soil was conducive to prevent water leakage more effectively than the secondary forest but was incapable of hindering the occurrence of preferential flow. The secondary forest had a very developed preferential flow phenomenon, and soil clay deposition occurred with an increase in depth. (4) Moreover, the results for preferential flow showed that the matrix flow depth did not increase with the increase in water quantity. Short-term and high-intensity heavy rainfall events facilitated the occurrence of preferential flow. Infiltration along the horizontal and vertical directions occurred simultaneously. These results could facilitate a further understanding of the contribution of the plantation to soil amelioration and the prevention of desertification in karst areas, and provide some suggestions for the sustainable development of forestry in karst areas where plantation restoration is an important ingredient.
Modification and Improvement of the Churchill Equation for Friction Factor Calculation in Pipes
Authors: Benavides-Muñoz Holger Manuel
Published: August 2024

Accurate prediction of the friction factor is fundamental for designing and calibrating fluid transport systems. While the Colebrook–White equation is the benchmark for precision due to its physical basis, its implicit nature hinders practical applications. Explicit correlations like Churchill’s equation are commonly used but often sacrifice accuracy. This study introduces two novel modifications to Churchill’s equation to enhance predictive capabilities. Developed through a rigorous analysis of 240 test cases and validated against a dataset of 21,000 experiments, the proposed Churchill B(Re) and Churchill B(V,ε) models demonstrate significantly improved accuracy compared to the original Churchill equation. The development of these functions was achieved through generalized reduced gradient (GRG) nonlinear optimization. This optimized equation offers a practical and precise alternative to the Colebrook–White equation. The mean relative errors (MRE) for the modified models, Churchill B(Re) and Churchill B(V,ε), are 0.025% and 0.807%, respectively, indicating a significant improvement over the original equation introduced by Churchill in 1973, which exhibits an MRE of 0.580%. Similarly, the mean absolute errors (MAE) are 0.0008% and 0.0154%, respectively, compared to 0.0291% for the original equation. Beyond practical applications, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of friction factor phenomena and establishes a framework for refining other empirical correlations in the field.
Graywater Treatment Efficiency and Nutrient Removal Using Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) Systems: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Nourredine Hajar , Barjenbruch Matthias
Published: August 2024

Using wastewater in response to water-related challenges from climate variation has gained significance. Various sophisticated technologies have been developed to meet the demand for wastewater treatment and reuse. Graywater, an intrinsic component of wastewater, is acknowledged for its practical potential in the context of reuse. Decentralized wastewater treatment systems, exemplified by Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors (MBBRs), have emerged as efficient alternatives in urban settings. By comparing the physicochemical analyses conducted in the three treatment units and evaluating the treatment efficiency of each unit, we will first establish the validity of the MBBR system for treating and recycling graywater, achieving up to 98% elimination rates for BOD5. Subsequently, the possibility of optimizing the system will be explored by evaluating the different treatment stages of MBBR reactors.
A Circular Economy Approach to Addressing Waste Management Challenges in Tamale’s Waste Management System
Authors: Tahiru Abdul-Wahab , Cobbina Samuel Jerry , Asare Wilhemina
Published: August 2024

Ghana Tamale’s current waste management system is overwhelmed by the growing waste crisis, necessitating the exploration of Waste-to-Energy technologies (WtE) as an innovative solution. This study explores challenges and opportunities for integrating WtE technologies into Tamale’s existing waste management system. Qualitative research identified policy hurdles, financial constraints, social concerns, and institutional weaknesses as key barriers. Conversely, stakeholder collaboration, public education, and capacity building emerged as some success factors. A proposed implementation plan emphasizes feasibility studies, public engagement, public–private partnerships (PPPs), and technology selection based on waste composition. Additionally, a novel framework for WtE integration within a broader Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) system is presented. This framework incorporates waste sorting, recycling, WtE alternatives, and responsible management of residuals. Validation by key stakeholders confirmed the framework’s potential to improve waste management in Tamale. By overcoming identified challenges and implementing the proposed framework, Tamale can achieve environmental sustainability, energy generation, and progress towards UN SDGs 7, 11, and 12. This research offers valuable insights for policymakers and paves the way for a cleaner and more sustainable future for Tamale, potentially serving as a model for other developing cities.
Youth Mentoring as a Means of Supporting Mental Health for Minoritized Youth: A Reflection on Three Theoretical Frameworks 20 Years Later
Authors: Gowdy Grace , Jones Kristian , Griffith Aisha N.
Published: August 2024

Youth mentoring as a field of study has grown immensely in recent years, with hundreds of peer-reviewed research articles on the subject. A key driver of this interest is the demonstrated ability of youth mentoring to support positive mental health for minoritized youth. Three central theoretical models, published nearly twenty years ago, drive the majority of this body of research: the systemic model, the relational model, and the mechanisms of mentoring model. The present paper examines these theoretical models through conversation with their authors and presents their reflections and insights, the contexts in which these models were originally written, and the similarities and differences among them. By understanding the origins of these three influential theoretical models, what they center, and what they do not center, we can begin to consider the ways in which the body of work on youth mentoring is framed. Ultimately, these analyses and reflections outline future directions for the field and a forthcoming updated conceptual model of youth mentoring that centers issues of equity and social justice.
“I Will Still Fight for It till the End”: Factors That Sustain and Detract from Indian Youths’ Climate Activism
Authors: Wilf Sara , Rudra Aditi , Wray-Lake Laura
Published: August 2024

This qualitative study utilized semi-structured interviews with 22 Indian youth climate activists (mean age = 19) from 13 cities across India to explore factors that sustain or detract from climate activism. Data were analyzed using reflexive Thematic Analysis. In addition to two gatekeeping factors (lack of family support and financial and job pressures) that may prevent youth from joining or cause youth to quit their climate activism entirely, this study identified factors that affected youth’s sustained climate activism: two detracting factors (negative interactions with government, and online and in-person bullying and harassment); four supporting factors (sense of community, internal motivations, seeing tangible achievements, and personal growth); and one factor (climate anxiety) with mixed effects on sustaining youth activism. Further, we describe ways in which youth holding minoritized identities, including lower-income, Muslim, and rural youth, had distinct experiences.
Birinci Basamakta Aşı Tereddüdü; Nedenleri, Sonuçları ve Öneriler
Authors: Şimşek Erhan
Published: August 2024

Aşı tereddüdü, bireylerin aşıları almayı ertelemeleri veya reddetmeleri olarak tanımlanır ve sağlık sistemleri için önemli bir sorun teşkil eder. Aşı tereddüdünün nedenleri arasında bilgi eksikliği, sağlık profesyonellerine güven eksikliği, yanlış bilgi ve komplo teorileri, kişisel inançlar ve kültürel faktörler yer alır. Ayrıca, sosyal medya ve yanlış bilgilendirme de tereddüdü artıran önemli etkenler arasında sayılmaktadır. Aşı tereddüdü toplum sağlığını tehdit etmektedir. Aşılanma oranlarının düşük olması, toplumda hastalıkların yeniden ortaya çıkmasına ve salgınlara yol açmakta ve bu durum hem bireylerin hem de toplumun sağlığını riske atmaktadır. Aşı tereddüdünün üstesinden gelmek için sağlık profesyonellerinin eğitimi, toplumsal farkındalık artırma kampanyaları, güvenilir bilgi kaynaklarının sağlanması ve bireysel endişelere yönelik empatili yaklaşım gibi stratejiler uygulanabilir. Ayrıca, aşı konusunda doğru ve bilimsel bilgilerin geniş kitlelere ulaştırılması önemlidir. Bu öneriler, aşı tereddüdünü azaltarak halk sağlığını korumaya yardımcı olabilir.
Teaching Experience Differences in Social-Emotional Aspects of Emergency Remote Teaching
Authors: Avissar Nissim
Published: August 2024

The present mixed-method research studied the perceptions of teachers following shift to emergency remote teaching (ERT). It also examined differences between more and less experienced teachers, emphasizing their subjective interpretations of personal experiences, teachers' perspectives on students, and their views on educational relationships. An online questionnaire, specifically constructed for this purpose, explored the social-emotional dimensions of the shift to ERT. The results expose a spectrum of stances and perceptions regarding the change. Overall, the participants reported that no significant change has occurred following the transition to ERT, neither in self-perception nor in the quality of their relationships with their students. However, significant differences were found between more and less experienced teachers. In adapting to the transition, less experienced teachers reported encountering greater challenges than their more seasoned colleagues. This study explores possible links between remote (or online) teaching and Social-Emotional Learning (SEL). It calls for the inclusion of social and emotional components in educational and teacher training processes. Such changes will allow better preparation and adoption of effective strategies to cope with remote-online teaching challenges.
PROFESSIONAL BURNOUT, STRESS RESISTANCE AND PERSONAL SELF-ACTUALIZATION OF NURSES WITH DIFFERENT WORK EXPERIENCE
Authors: Ермакова E.C.
Published: August 2024

Эмпирическое исследование посвящено сравнительному анализу параметров профессионального выгорания, стрессоустойчивости и самоактуализации медицинских сестёр с разным стажем работы. Не было обнаружено значимых различий показателей профессионального выгорания, стрессоустойчивости и самоактуализации медицинских сестёр со стажем работы менее 10 лет и со стажем работы более 10 лет. Дифференцированная структура отрицательных корреляционных связей показателей профессионального выгорания, стрессоустойчивости и самоактуализации личности у медицинских сестер со стажем работы менее 10 лет может говорить о более успешном применении ими ресурсов самоактуализации для противодействия профессиональному выгоранию, чем у их коллег со стажем работы более 10 лет. Обнаруженные общие особенности структуры корреляционных связей медицинских сестёр с разным стажем работы позволяют полагать, что ценности самоактуализации препятствуют профессиональному выгоранию медицинских сестер.

The empirical study is devoted to a comparative analysis of the parameters of professional burnout, stress resistance and self-actualization of nurses with different work experience. No significant differences were found in the indicators of professional burnout, stress resistance and self-actualization of nurses with less than 10 years of work experience and with more than 10 years of work experience. The differentiated structure of negative correlations between indicators of professional burnout, stress resistance and personal self-actualization among nurses with less than 10 years of work experience may indicate a more successful use of self-actualization resources by them to counteract professional burnout than their colleagues with more than 10 years of work experience. The discovered general features of the structure of correlations between nurses with different work experience suggest that the values of self-actualization prevent professional burnout among nurses.
EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS IN CHILDREN AGED 7-12 YEARS WITH DIFFERENT LATERAL PREFERENCES
Authors: Широкова И.В.
Published: August 2024

Целью этого исследования было изучение исполнительных функций у детей с различными латеральными предпочтениями. Оценка исполнительных функций проводилась с использованием методов, направленных на оценку объема рабочей памяти и рефлексометрии. Оценка латеральных предпочтений была основана на описании асимметрии в сенсорной и моторной сферах (профиль функциональной сенсомоторной асимметрии). Выборка состояла из 160 детей в возрасте от 7 до 12 лет. Полученные нами данные подтверждают, что процесс обучения должен основываться на физиологических закономерностях организации и управления поведением и деятельностью человека на определенных этапах онтогенеза.

The aim of this study was to investigate the executive functions in children with different lateral preferences. Executive function evaluation was performed using methods aimed at estimating the working memory capacity and reflexometry. Lateral preference assessment was based on the description of asymmetry in the sensory and motor spheres (functional sensorimotor asymmetry profile). The sample consisted of 160 children aged 7 to 12 years. The data obtained by us confirm that the learning process should be based on the physiological patterns of organization and management of human behavior and activity at certain stages of ontogenesis.
NFORMATIZATION OF EDUCATION GENERATES A STABLE HUMAN-COMPUTER BIOTECHNICAL SYSTEM
Authors: Резунков Д.А. , Резункова О.П.
Published: August 2024

Персональный компьютер, при всех его преимуществах, остается источником повышенной опасности. После длительной работы за компьютером в течение нескольких дней человек чувствует усталость, становится крайне раздражительным, у него ослабевает память, нарушается сон. Поэтому защита человеческого организма от воздействия электромагнитного излучения остается важной задачей. При выборе конкретных методов и средств защиты учитываются их экономические показатели, простота и надежность эксплуатации. В данной работе с этой целью была исследована металлизированная ткань "Метатрон".

A personal computer, for all its advantages, remains a source of increased danger. After prolonged work at the computer for several days, a person feels tired, becomes extremely irritable, his memory weakens, and sleep is disturbed. Therefore, protecting the human body from the action of electromagnetic radiation remains an important task. The choice of specific methods and means of protection takes into account their economic indicators, simplicity and reliability of operation. In this work, for this purpose, the metallized fabric "Metakron" was studied.
ASSESSMENT OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM OF STUDENTS OF EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS OF DIFFERENT TYPES, DEPENDING ON THE LEVEL OF SCHOOL ANXIETY
Authors: Серен-Чимит О.О.
Published: August 2024

В данной статье приведены результаты изучения показателей дыхательной системы в зависимости от уровня школьной тревожности учащихся 5, обучающихся в образовательных организациях разного вида Республики Тыва - Тувинском республиканском лицее-интернате и СОШ № 2. Школьную тревожность определяли по тесту Филлипса. Установлено, что у всех исследуемых учащихся преобладает низкий уровень тревожности. Оценка показателей дыхательной системы организма в зависимости от уровня школьной тревожности девочек и мальчиков пятых классов лицея-интерната и школы свидетельствуют, что в состоянии относительного покоя среднее значение показателей пробы Штанге, жизненной емкости легких и жизненного индекса пятиклассников обеих образовательных организаций не выходило за пределы возрастных норм. Анализ факторов подтверждает вывод о том, что в 5-х классах значительных различий по разным типам образовательных организаций не выявлено. Тем не менее, для девочек лицея проверка знаний наиболее значима, чем для школьниц. Однако в 5-х классах, как у девочек, так и мальчиков этот фактор является самым незначительным. Девочки лицея-интерната по сравнению с девочками школы не боятся самовыражения.

This article presents the results of studying the respiratory system indicators depending on the level of school anxiety of 5 students studying in educational organizations of different types of the Republic of Tuva - Tuva Republican Boarding Lyceum and Secondary School No. 2. School anxiety was determined by the Phillips test. It was found that all the studied students have a predominant low level of anxiety. The assessment of the respiratory system of the body, depending on the level of school anxiety of girls and boys of the fifth grades of boarding school and school, indicates that in a state of relative rest, the average value of the Barbell test, the vital capacity of the lungs and the life index of fifth-graders of both educational organizations did not exceed the age norms. The analysis of factors confirms the conclusion that there were no significant differences in different types of educational organizations in grades 5. Nevertheless, for the girls of the lyceum, the knowledge test is more significant than for schoolgirls. However, in grades 5, both girls and boys, this factor is the most insignificant. The girls of the boarding school are not afraid of self-expression in comparison with the girls of the school.
THE PEOPLE AND MONSTERS
Authors: Меньчиков Г.П.
Published: August 2024

Предпринимается попытка осмыслить сущность монстра и монструозности как феноменов бытия, понять причины их появления и, главное, что с ними сообществу землян практически делать, а не только "изумляться", как говорит Платон, проявлять "толерантность" и нелепый "гуманизм". Изучение этих вопросов обращено к фундаментальным вопросам: что есть жизнь, человек, общество, социальная реальность?

An attempt is made to comprehend the essence of the monster and monstrosity as phenomena of life, to understand the reasons for their appearance and, most importantly, what the community of earthlings should practically do with them, and not only "be amazed", show "tolerance" and ridiculous "humanism". The study of these issues is addressed to fundamental questions: of what life, man, society, and social reality are?
FEATURES OF EXPERTS' SELF-ASSESSMENT OF THEIR CONDITION WHEN LISTENING TO A SPEECH MESSAGE
Authors: Куцырева М.А.
Published: August 2024

В статье рассматриваются особенности самооценки экспертами своего состояния при прослушивании речевого сообщения в зависимости от характеристик речевого сообщения, физиологических и психологических показателей речи говорящего. Новые результаты подтверждают ранее полученные данные о влиянии характеристик речевого продукта на эмоциональный фон слушателя. Существенное влияние оказывают темпоральные характеристики речи. Если рассмотрим влияние употребления в речи различных ее частей на эмоциональный ответ слушателя, то наибольший эмоциональный отклик вызывает употребление в речи глаголов, прилагательных, а также причастий и деепричастий. Была выявлена взаимосвязь между физиологическими, психологическими показателями и психологической защитой говорящих и эмоциональным откликом слушателей.

The article examines the features of self-assessment by experts of their state when listening of speech message, depending on the characteristics of the speech message, physiological and psychological indicators of the speaker's speech. New results confirm the previously obtained data on the influence of speech product’s characteristics on the emotional state of the listener. The speed characteristics of speech have a significant impact. If we consider the influence of various parts of speech in speech on the emotional response of the listener, then the greatest emotional feedback is caused by the usage in speech of verbs, adjectives, as well as participles and adverbials. The relationship between the physiological indicators psychological indicators and psychological protection of the speakers and emotional response of the listeners was identified.
ASSESSMENT OF THE PSYCHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL STATUS OF JUDOISTS
Authors: Бугаец Ю.Е. , Малука М.В. , Исаенко Т.А.
Published: August 2024

Представлены результаты исследования психомоторного и психоэмоционального компонентов дзюдоистов различной квалификации в рамках адаптации к спортивной деятельности. Выявлены групповые различия в проявлении силы, подвижности и сбалансированности нервных процессов, ситуативной и личностной тревожности, напряженности адаптационных механизмов и уровне их функциональных возможностей. Был проведен корреляционный анализ нейродинамических параметров и психического напряжения.

The results of the study of psychomotor and psychoemotional components of judoists of different qualifications within the framework of adaptation to sports activities are presented. Group differences in the manifestation of strength, mobility and balance of nervous processes, situational and personal anxiety, tension of adaptation mechanisms and the level of their functional capabilities were found. A correlation analysis of neurodynamic parameters and mental tension was carried out.
SIMPLE SENSORIMOTOR REACTIONS AND EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS
Authors: Ефимова В.Л. , Дружинин О.А.
Published: August 2024

В статье представлены результаты экспериментального исследования, проведенного с помощью устройства УПФТ-1/30 "Психофизиолог". На выборке детей и взрослых 7-25 лет изучались простые зрительно-моторные, слухо-моторные реакции в миллисекундном диапазоне, а также моторная реакция на движущийся объект. Получены экспериментальные данные, показывающие, что качество выполнения тестов возрастает до 15-16 лет, что совпадает с окончанием функционального созревания мозжечка и базальных ганглиев. Обсуждается роль корково-подкорковых связей в исполнительных функциях (executive functions), а также возможности практического применения сенсомоторных аппаратных тестов для раннего выявления детей, у которых в будущем могут возникнуть трудности в обучении.

The article presents the results of an experimental study carried out with the help of the device UPFT-1/30 "Psychophysiologist". On a sample of children and adults 7-25 years old simple visual-motor, auditory-motor reactions in the millisecond range as well as motor reactions to a moving object were studied. Experimental data are obtained showing that the quality of test performance increases until the age of 15-16 years, which coincides with the end of functional maturation of the cerebellum and basal ganglia. The role of cortical-subcortical connections in executive functions is discussed, as well as possibilities of practical application of sensorimotor hardware tests for early identification of children who may have difficulties in learning in the future.
PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LENGTH OF SERVICE AND THE LEVEL OF EMOTIONAL BURNOUT OF TEACHING STAFF
Authors: Халфина Р.Р.
Published: August 2024

В статье описреаны результаты исследования особенностей развития эмоционального выгорания у педагогических работников, имеющих различный профессионнальный стаж. Полученные в ходе нашего исследования результаты свидетельствуют о том, что профессиональная деятельность педагогов действительно относится к разряду стрессогенных, и благоприятна для формирования синдрома эмоционального выгорания. С увеличением стажа работы увеличивается риск возникновения эмоционального выгорания у педагогов. Эмпирически доказано, что в фазе напряжения прогрессируют симптомы переживания психотравмирующих обстоятельств и тревоги. Накапливаются отчаяние и негодование, ощущение неразрешимости ситуации. Возможно проявление тревожно-депрессивной симптоматики, переживание разочарования в себе, профессии, месте работы.

The article describes the results of a study of the features of the development of emotional burnout in teaching staff with different professional experience. The results obtained in the course of our study indicate that the professional activity of teachers really belongs to the category of stressful, and is favorable for the formation of emotional burnout syndrome. With an increase in work experience, the risk of emotional burnout among teachers increases. It has been empirically proven that in the stress phase, symptoms of experiencing traumatic circumstances and anxiety progress. Despair and indignation are accumulating, a feeling of the insolubility of the situation. Perhaps the manifestation of anxiety-depressive symptoms, the experience of disappointment in yourself, profession, place of work.
VIRTUAL REALITY INTERVENTION ON E-CIGARETTE SMOKING BEHAVIOR: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Мейсялла Л.Н. , Демарева В.А.
Published: August 2024

В данном систематическом обзоре оценивалась эффективность VRинтервенций в отношении поведения при курении электронных сигарет или вейпа. Поиск проводился в базах данных Scopus, PubMed и Google scholar по ключевым словам и фразам. Результаты анализа литературы показали, что вмешательство на основе VR-игр повысило уровень знаний и восприятия вреда электронных сигарет, а также снизило вероятность использования электронных сигарет в будущем. VR, основанная на сообщениях, увеличила желаемые намерения и восприятие риска, связанного с вейпингом, увеличила поведение, направленное на убеждение других отказаться от вейпинга после недели воздействия. Удовольствие участников от использования виртуальной реальности позволяет сделать вывод о том, что такое вмешательство представляется перспективным для дальнейшей разработки VR-интервенций с дополнительным привлечением психотерапии.

This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of VR interventions on ecigarette or vape smoking behavior. The search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, and Google scholar databases using keywords and phrases. Results of the literature review showed that a VR game-based intervention increased knowledge and perceptions of e-cigarette harms and decreased the likelihood of future e-cigarette use. Message-based VR increased desired intentions and perceptions of risk associated with vaping, stimulated behaviour to persuade others to quit vaping after a week of exposure. Participants' enjoyment of virtual reality suggests that this intervention appears promising for further development of VR interventions with additional involvement of psychotherapy.
ADAPTIVE CHANGES IN THE MENTAL STATUS IN CHILDREN OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL OF THE CHECHEN REPUBLIC
Authors: Захкиева Р.С.-А. , Губарева Л.И. , Халидова Л.М.
Published: August 2024

Перспективным направлением этнопсихофизиологии является исследование специфических особенностей возрастной периодизации и развития физиологии и психики детей. Нами установлены половые и возрастные различия психического развития школьников 7-10 лет, проживающих в городской и сельской местности Чеченской республики (чеченцы) и Ставропольского края (русские), в ходе адаптации к учебным нагрузкам. Наиболее выраженные изменения были выявлены по показателям уровня тревожности, адекватности самооценки, переживания социального стресса и школьной мотивации.

A promising direction in ethnopsychophysiology is the study of the specific features of age periodization and the development of the physiology and psyche of children. We have established gender and age differences in the mental development of schoolchildren aged 7-10 living in urban and rural areas of the Chechen Republic (Chechens) and the Stavropol Territory (Russians), in the course of adaptation to academic loads. The most pronounced changes were identified in terms on the level of anxiety, the adequacy of self-esteem, the experience of social stress and school motivation.
PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILE OF STUDENTS IN MODERN LEARNING CONDITIONS
Authors: Бартош О.П. , Микитюк Н.В. , Шакина Н.А.
Published: August 2024

Исследовали психологические характеристики девушек-студенток в современных условиях обучения (n=111, возраст 19.0±0.21 лет), использовали стандартизированные методы. Результаты исследования показали, что психологический профиль девушек с высоким уровнем тревожности значимо (p<0.001) отличался от студенток с умеренной тревожностью. Выявлен высокий уровень дистресса, наличие алекситимии, признаки психологического неблагополучия, низкие показатели субъективного счастья и удовлетворённостью жизнью. Это может негативно отразиться в целом на психическом соматическом и репродуктивном здоровье девушек.

The psychological characteristics of female students in modern conditions of study (n=111, age 19.0 ± 0.21 years) were studied, standardized methods were used. The results of the study showed that the psychological profile of girls with a high level of anxiety significantly (p<0.001) differed from students with moderate anxiety. A high level of distress, the presence of alexithymia, signs of psychological distress, low indicators of subjective happiness and life satisfaction were revealed. This can negatively affect the overall mental, somatic and reproductive health of girls.
FEATURES OF FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS OF FOSTER PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES
Authors: Волкова И.П. , Емельянов В.Д. , Сидорова М.К. , Булгакова О.С.
Published: August 2024

Статья посвящена теоретико-эмпирическому изучению взаимоотношений в семьях, воспитывающих приемных детей. Представлены результаты сравнительного исследования социально-демографических характеристик приемных родителей детей с ограниченными возможностями здоровья и приемных родителей детей с нормативным развитием, показано наличие статистически значимых различий в типах воспитания детей с нарушенным и нормативным развитием, запросов родителей на оказание социально-психологической помощи.

The article is devoted to the theoretical and empirical study of relationships in families raising adopted children. The results of a comparative study of the socio-demographic characteristics of foster parents of children with disabilities and foster parents of children with normative development are presented, the presence of statistically significant differences in the types of upbringing of children with impaired and normative development, and parents' requests for socio-psychological assistance are shown.
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND COPING BEHAVIOR AMONG STUDENTS OF A TRANSPORT UNIVERSITY
Authors: Казначеева Н.Б.
Published: August 2024

Исследование посвящено сравнительному анализу параметров эмоционального интеллекта и совладающего поведения у студентов транспортного вуза. Сравнение при помощи t-критерия Стьюдента показателей эмоционального интеллекта у юношей и девушек не выявило значимых различий, но были выявлены значимы различия по копинг-стратегиям самоконтроля и положительной переоценки, данные показатели оказались более выражены у девушек. Девушки чаще юношей предпринимают попытки преодоления негативных переживаний в связи с проблемой за счет целенаправленного подавления и сдерживания эмоций, используют высокий контроль поведения, стремятся к самообладанию. Корреляционные структуры показателей эмоционального интеллекта и копинг-стратегий у сравниваемых подгрупп респондентов при определенной схожести имеют свою специфику. Так в структуре у девушек задействовано большее количество показателей и выявляется большее количество значимых взаимосвязей между ними, что может говорить о большей зрелости и сформированности эмоционального интеллекта и копинг-стратегий у девушек по сравнению с юношами.

The study is devoted to a comparative analysis of the parameters of emotional intelligence and coping behavior among students of a transport university. A comparison using the Student's t-test of emotional intelligence indicators in boys and girls did not reveal significant differences, but significant differences were found in coping strategies of self-control and positive reassessment, these indicators were more pronounced in girls. Girls are more likely than boys to attempt to overcome negative experiences in connection with the problem by purposefully suppressing and restraining emotions, using high behavior control, striving for self-control. The correlation structures of indicators of emotional intelligence and coping strategies in the compared subgroups of respondents have their own specifics, with certain similarities. Thus, a greater number of indicators are involved in the structure of girls and a greater number of significant relationships between them are revealed, which may indicate a greater maturity and formation of emotional intelligence and coping strategies in girls compared to boys.
THE HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF IDEAS ABOUT THE BRAIN MECHANISMS OF ENSURING COGNITIVE ACTIVITY AND THE FORMATION OF PURPOSEFUL BEHAVIOR IN THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL OF ST. PETERSBURG UNIVERSITY
Authors: Соколова Л.В. , Александров А.А.
Published: August 2024

В статье представлена история развития кафедры высшей нервной деятельности и психофизиологии Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета за 70 лет своего существования. Выделены ключевые вехи в становлении психофизиологической проблематики кафедры и описаны основные научные достижения в области изучения мозговых механизмов обеспечения когнитивной деятельности и формирования целенаправленного поведения. Подчеркнуто, что кафедра на сегодняшний день является одним из ведущих научно-образовательных центров нашей страны по исследованию нейробиологических и психофизиологических основ поведения человека и животных, успешно сочетая в себе уникальные традиции университетской физиологической школы и самые прогрессивные тенденции в развитии науки и образования.

The article presents the history of the development of the Department of Higher Nervous Activity and Psychophysiology of St. Petersburg State University for 70 years of its existence. The key milestones in the formation of the psychophysiological problems of the department are highlighted and the main scientific achievements in the field of studying brain mechanisms for ensuring cognitive activity and the formation of purposeful behavior are described. It is emphasized that the department is currently one of the leading scientific and educational centers of our country for the study of the neurobiological and psychophysiological foundations of human and animal behavior, successfully combining the unique traditions of the University School of Physiology and the most progressive trends in the development of science and education.