bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Political Rights
Authors: Talbott William J
Published: November 2023

In the previous chapter I discussed the consequentialist and nonconsequentialist rationales for a package of eight basic human rights. As yet, there are no political rights in the package. In this chapter, I add them. It may seem obvious that democratic rights should be added to the package. Advocates of democratic rights usually try to justify them in one of three ways: by appeal to (1) autonomy, (2) procedure, or (3) results. I discuss each of them briefly and then explain why I favor the third.
Introduction
Authors: Ashkenazi Michael
Published: November 2023

“Be careful of the snake,” Mr. Takayama said conversationally. We were passing beneath a large cryptomeria on our way back from a purification ritual he had conducted in a small shrine set among ripening rice fields.

“Where?” I looked down, expecting the snake to appear, fangs dripping venom, from between the gnarled roots.

“Oh, he’s around somewhere,” Mr. Takayama said vaguely. “I just didn’t want you startled. I’ve already warned the people at the shrine.”

Behind us, a small group of people—farmers mostly—milled around the little wooden model building that served as a shrine. Before it two rather ratty banners fluttered in the breeze.

“It’s very bad to hurt one of these snakes, the ones that live in the cryptomerias near shrines. They are always messengers of Ryujin.” Mr. Takayama led the way along the narrow path that headed for his car. It was a ten-minute ride to the city, whose buildings were clearly visible before us.
Earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus) in Northwestern Europe: Sublethal Effects of Copper on Population Viability
Authors: Klok Chris
Published: November 2023

In a large number of industrialized countries, soils are polluted with a mixture of contaminants such as heavy metals (Bengtsson and Tranvik 1989; Eeva and Lehikoinen 1996). In the Netherlands, for instance, as many as 175,000 sites in rural areas are classified as highly polluted on the basis of soil quality criteria for single pollutants (Swartjes 1999). Remediation of these sites would require an enormous effort and lead to an extreme high cost for society. Additionally, the extent of the risk these polluted soils actually pose to below- and above-ground ecosystems remains unclear. Earthworm populations are an important study organism to gain more insight in these risks. Earthworms form the largest part of the animal biomass in most temperate soils (Lavelle and Spain 2001); they strongly influence soil fertility (Edwards and Lofty 1977) and are a major food source for many species (Lee 1985). Given their link in many food chains, earthworms play a key role in transporting pollutants from the soil into the above-ground ecosystem.
Potential Effects of Freshwater and Estuarine Contaminant Exposure on Lower Columbia River Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Populations
Authors: Spromberg Julann A , Johnson Lyndal L
Published: November 2023

The Columbia River provides critical habitat for 13 stocks of threatened and endangered salmon species in the Pacific Northwest. For at least some period of time, all of these stocks use the Columbia River estuary for a migration corridor, and ocean-type stocks that outmigrate as subyearlings, such as the lower Columbia River (LCR) fall chinook, use it for a more extended period of rearing. Hydroelectric dams, overharvest, hatchery production, and habitat degradation are commonly cited as causes of the long-term decline in Columbia River salmon stocks (National Research Council 1996). However, one component of that habitat degradation—toxic contamination—has not been well explored, although it is increasingly recognized as a potential limiting factor for salmon recovery in watersheds with significant agricultural, urban, or industrial land use coverage (National Marine Fisheries Service 1998). Toxic contaminants may pose a particular threat to the LCR chinook salmon evolutionarily significant unit (ESU), which was listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in 1999 (National Marine Fisheries Service 1999).
The Trifurcated Islam of Central Asia: A Turkish Perspective
Authors: Yavuz M Hakan
Published: November 2023

After the collapse of the Soviet Union (USSR), many scholars focused on the role of Islam and Islamic movements in the newly formed southern tier states. The struggle over memory and suppressed identities, the tension between the center and the periphery, were all interpreted as the revival of Islam. Islam in general, and Islamic movements in particular, became the object of debate and sources of speculation. For instance, the events in the Fergana Valley in 1989, which resulted in the destruction of large numbers of Meskhetian Turks by mostly ethnic Uzbeks, the similar conflict between Uzbeks and Kyrgyz ethnic groups in Osh province of Kyrgyzstan in 1990, and the 1992–97 civil war in Tajikistan were all read as a struggle between modernity and Islamic fanaticism. In fact, a closer examination of these events indicates that their causes and public manifestations are not the same. The Tajik civil war was not primarily about the revival of Islam or creating an Islamic republic.
The Free Air of the New World: The Protestant Immigrant Experience
Authors: Joselit Jenna Weissman
Published: November 2023

Most of us go about our lives giving little thought to the Pilgrims or the Puritans, the seventeenth-century immigrants who, settling in what is now Massachusetts and Virginia, formed the very first generation of British colonists in North America. And when we do think of these two groups, usually (and fleetingly) at Thanksgiving, we tend to associate them, writes historian Edmund Morgan, with “kill-joys in tallcrowned hats, whose main occupation was to prevent each other from having any fun and whose sole virtue lay in their furniture.” A closer look, however, at the people who proudly called themselves Pilgrims and Puritans-the Bradfords and the Winthrops, the Kembles and the Eddys-tells a different and far more complex story, one in which ordinary human beings, motivated by a profound sense of faith, set out to create a new kind of moral community amid the wilderness of the New World.
In the Land of the Flowery Flag: Immigrants of the Late Twentieth Century
Authors: Joselit Jenna Weissman
Published: November 2023

Up in the southern California hills, just north of Malibu, stands the majestic Sri Venkateshwara Temple, the largest Hindu shrine in the Western Hemisphere. Built in 1981 by expert craftsmen and temple builders brought from India, the shrine, said the Los Angeles Times, is a “sight to behold.” With its nine domed towers encasing carved statues of the Hindu gods, gold-topped cupolas, and intricate carvings of lions and dragons, elephants and lotus blossoms, the temple looks like something straight out of Hollywood. But it is real, a place where thousands of Hindus go to pray and congregate, a place where East meets West.
An Ancient Faith in the New World
Authors: Erickson John H
Published: November 2023

A little Orthodox child once explained why he liked to go to church. “We usually get something,” he said. And that certainly is true. Worshipers receive blessed fruit on the feast of Christ’s transfiguration; holy water at Epiphany, the feast of his baptism; palms and pussy willows on Palm Sunday, to mark his entry into Jerusalem; an egg at Easter, the feast of his resurrection; sweet-smelling oil on the forehead at nearly every vigil service; something sweet to taste when receiving Holy Communion. No doubt this child’s understanding of the Christian faith will become more sophisticated as he gets older. But even at a very early age, he has grasped something important.
The Quest for Unity
Authors: Erickson John H
Published: November 2023

Since the mid-twentieth century the ethnic jurisdiction has remained one of the most visible features of Orthodoxy in America. When Orthodoxy is mentioned, people tend to think first of its ethnic aspect. Orthodox Christians who are asked about their religious affiliation almost always add an ethnic qualifier-Greek, Serbian, Russian, Ukrainian, or the like. In the decades immediately following World War II (1939--45), the number of such jurisdictions in America increased, mostly because of political changes in Eastern Europe. Some of the new jurisdictions were formed by smaller ethnic groups-such as the Belorusians or Estonians-that had not been represented earlier. Others resulted from political divisions within ethnic groups. But even as the number of jurisdictions multiplied, Orthodoxy in America was changing from within.
Worlds Old and New
Authors: Butler Jon
Published: November 2023

The French Jesuit Pierre de Charlevoix was fascinated by the religious customs of the Algonquian-speaking Indians of southern Canada and northern New York and New England. In his two-volume Journal of a Voyage to North-America (1761), Charlevoix related many stories about Algonquian religion that seemed both wonderful and strange. Charlevoix was especially intrigued by Algonquian dreaming and its dramatic effect among traditional Algonquian believers. He was particularly taken by a story told to him by French Jesuit missionaries working among the Algonquian Indians. An Algonquian man dreamed that he had been a prisoner held by Algonquian enemies. When he awoke, he was confused and afraid. What did the dream mean? When he consulted the Algonquian shaman, the ﬁgure who mediated between humans, the gods, and nature, the shaman told him he had to act out the implications of the dream. The man had himself tied to a post, and other Algonquians burned several parts of his body, just as would have happened had his captivity been real.
Religion and Missions in New Spain and New France
Authors: Butler Jon
Published: November 2023

The Spanish, Portuguese, French, and English conquerors, who so ferociously subjugated the “New World” after Columbus discovered America in 1492, were startled by America’s native inhabitants. Natives worshiped gods the Europeans found incomprehensible but displayed goods the Europeans found irresistible—gold, crops, plants, and animals. Natives were no less startled by the Europeans. Europeans brought new gods—in competing versions of Christianity—as well as goods that natives found irresistible—tools, clothing, weapons, and foods. Europeans and natives proved as serious about their gods as about their goods, and the interchanges among the Spanish, French, and North American natives that began in the early 1500s, which were often deadly, became the foundation for two centuries of changing religious patterns in northern Mexico, Florida, and Canada.
‘The Law and the Prophets’
Authors: Barton John
Published: November 2023

The problem of the canon is like many other problems in biblical studies in that we probably already possess all the evidence we are ever likely to have. Certainly I have no fresh information that is not freely available elsewhere from which to argue for an explanation of the place of the Prophets in the canon different from that of the consensus view just summarized. I shall begin, however, by calling attention to seven facts which, though not in dispute, fit very uneasily into the framework established by the consensus, and then go on to present an alternative explanation which accommodates them as well as the evidence on which the consensus itself is based.’
Prophets and their Message
Authors: Barton John
Published: November 2023

Without prophets, there would have been no Scriptures: on that Josephus and most of his contemporaries were agreed. But what were these prophets like? Though their words came from God himself, they were more than mere copy-typists, their inspiration affected the kind of people they were in every way; and they did other things besides writing holy books. In this chapter we shall canvass the opinions of the varied witnesses in our period, and try to discover how different groups saw the ancient prophets whose writings were held in so much reverence.
Lim In Ali Ty And The Courage To Change Making the Decision to Become a Single Mother
Authors: Hertz Rosanna
Published: November 2023

James was my first really true love relationship. But it just was n’t meant to be. We shared quirky amusements-like who could do the Sunday crossword puzzle faster-and I admired his artistic talents. He would wake me up in the morning by playing music at the foot of our bed; he wrote love songs to me that made me melt. We shared a connection that is really beyond words, a soul mate. He loved my “flashes of insight,” his exact words, which still remain with me.
Moving On When Baby Makes Two
Authors: Hertz Rosanna
Published: November 2023

After years together, my girlfriend and I had discussed at length having a child together-she was gung-ho about the idea and we had many conversations dis cussing how we wanted to have this baby and who would do it. I really wanted to experience pregnancy, and since I was older, in my early thirties, we thought I should have my turn first. We decided that a childhood friend of mine, probably my oldest male friend that I have known since we were ten, would be a great person to ask. We’re pretty close even though he lives in Pennsylvania, so we approached him about it, just had a general conversation. And at the time, he said, “Oh, yeah, that’s something I would think about.”
What does single mean?
Authors: Hertz Rosanna
Published: November 2023

The term “single mother” is in many ways a misnomer. The lives of these women challenge the idea of singleness as a monolithic concept. While all these women are legally single because they are not married, single implies they are alone, and these women are anything but. In one context, being single-the opposite of being married-implies that these women are available for romantic partnering. In another context, being a single mother, defined by politicians discussing poverty and out of wedlock births, is taken to mean parenting alone, in absence of the child’s father.
Downshifting Careers While Financing Motherhood: Relying on the Gift-Giver, the Roommate, and the Careworker
Authors: Hertz Rosanna
Published: November 2023

I work at a hospital and I also work in research. Except when I am attending at the hospital, my hours are very predictable. But I’ve had to shift things around to get it this way-I mean, I turned down a big promotion and some other interesting opportunities just to have a child. I’m thinking of moving out of the clinical side, because the hours are n’t regular. It would be hard to spend less time at the clinic, but honestly, weird hours are n’t compatible with babysitters.
Introduction: Divine Motives for the Incarnation
Authors: Van Driel Edwin Chr.
Published: November 2023

In 1991, the year I entered divinity school, the church in the Netherlands was involved in a reprise of a perennial theological debate: what should we think of the resurrection? Articles were written, debates organized, and pamphlets published. One of these pamphlets was written by a professor in systematic theology of the school where I studied, and as a dutiful new student I bought and read it. My professor engaged a number of philosophical and scientific arguments against the resurrection, and finally came to speak of its theological meaning. There, at the end of the pamphlet, a short passage caught my attention.
Darner’s Supralapsarian Christology
Authors: Van Driel Edwin Chr.
Published: November 2023

Isaak August Dorner (1809-84) is nowadays a little-known German theologian. He did not attract many followers; his influence is hardly recognizable in subsequent theologians. His systematics, System der Christliche Glaubenslehre, was published when Albrecht Ritschl and his school already were putting their mark on the theological scene. At the publication of the first volume, Dorner himself wrote to his friend Hans Lassen Martensen: “The book will be like a stranger to the current generation.” Dorner might have been right. Ritschlian theology has little patience for the high Christological approach and the ontological arguments that Dorner builds his thoughts upon. But while his System was like a stranger to his.
Villas del Riachuelo Life amid Hazards, Garbage, and Poison
Authors: Auyero Javier , Swistun Débora Alejandra
Published: November 2023

Fifty years after their emergence in the urban landscape, shantytowns are a permanent (and expanding) part of the geography of Argentina. Despite their presence and growth, however, not much is known about these territories of urban relegation. This brief chapter provides a general description of their growth in Buenos Aires and then focuses attention on one of the defining, though understudied, features of shantytowns: their unsanitary environment and its attendant health-threatening effects. Both themes will command our attention in the rest of the book.

There have been many insightful attempts to comprehend what goes on within these enclaves of ranchos de lata, which are situated at the very bottom of the hierarchy of urban places. Lucas Demare’s early realist film Detrás de un Largo Muro (1957) was a first attempt to capture the lives of the villeros. Demare’s antipopulist ideological biases should not detract his effort to portray the diversity of shantytown life—its hopes, its conflicts, its miseries. Villa Miseria También es América, written in 1957 by Bernardo Verbitsky, whom many credit with coining the term villa miseria, endeavors (to a great extent successfully) to present an intimate portrait of the lives of the urban destitute.
Toxic Wor(l)ds
Authors: Auyero Javier , Swistun Débora Alejandra
Published: November 2023

Karina Olmos has been living in Flammable for twenty years. She lives in a precarious wood house whose garbage-filled backyard slopes downward into a filthy swampland. Unable to find a job (in the past, she had several as a cleaning person in some of the plants and homes inside the compound), Karina is one of the hundreds of thousands of beneficiaries of the Plan Jefas y Jefes state welfare program. She and her husband, Pedro (a car-service driver and also a beneficiary of the welfare program), are barely able to provide for themselves and their three children. Every Monday, Karina attends a workshop on nutrition that is funded by Shell for mothers of undernourished children. There, every month, Karina receives free food that, together with the state-funded soup kitchens where their children eat on a daily basis, help the household in making ends meets.

Luisa, Karina’s eleven-year-old daughter, is lead-poisoned. According to a blood test she had two years ago, her lead levels are 18.5 micrograms per deciliter, far above what is now considered to be a nontoxic blood level of lead (10 g/dl). That might explain Luisa’s restless nights (“her sleep is jumpy,” her mother says[duerme sobresaltada]), her random bouts of fever, and her occasional convulsions.
Durable Goods
Authors: Ehrenfeld David
Published: November 2023

I have been reading about the Lenape. It started as a kind of penance. Every day I pick up the newspaper and learn about different ethnic peoples who have been driven from their homeland by some other ethnic peoples or have been simply exterminated in place, a more lasting way of getting rid of them. One morning, while eating oatmeal and skimming over the news of the latest genocide in the New York Times, a thought occurred to me: Are n’t I lucky that this is n’t happening in New Jersey? Not that it could n’t, but at the moment it seems quite unlikely.
Preserving Our Capital
Authors: Ehrenfeld David
Published: November 2023

A deeply felt aversion to spending accumulated capital is an ancient part of the heritage of most societies. Although my father was a doctor, not a businessman, he taught this to me. He had lived through the bankruptcy of his own parents during the Great Depression, watching as they gradually sacrificed the inventory of their store in Passaic, New Jersey, to keep the family in food and clothing. On one side of this store, my grandfather sold records, phonographs, and sewing machines and repaired the appliances that he sold; on the other side, my grandmother, a brilliant dress designer, prepared bridal gowns for customers who came from as far away as New York City
Wilderness as Teacher
Authors: Ehrenfeld David
Published: November 2023

First fragment. I am in my apartment, a modern, starkly decorated eyrie in a high-rise building. I know it is my apartment in the intuitive but unchallengeable way one knows things in dreams. Actually, I am in a short hallway within the apartment—a parqueted floor and a window at the end of the hall stick in my mind. There is a storm going on, but the other side of the window seems very far away. It grows dark outside; lightning flashes intermittently. Sam, my youngest child, warns me to stay away from the window; he points out that there is a danger of tornadoes.
The Utopia Fallacy
Authors: Ehrenfeld David
Published: November 2023

Do we believe in Utopia? Most would say no. But in our preoccupation with the problems of our time, we often find it convenient to evade reality and assume that the future will take care of itself in a benevolent way—if only we patch things up now. Sensible people who should know better act as if the resolution of today’s troubles will usher in a golden age tomorrow, as if the ending of one evil could not possibly lead to another.
What Do We Owe Our Children?
Authors: Ehrenfeld David
Published: November 2023

Shortly before the birth of our first child, Kate, now thirty-six, Joan and I bought a copy of Dr. Benjamin Spock’s Baby and Child Care. It proved to be very reassuring. A thick book with no wasted words, it told almost everything we needed to know about the coughs, the sneezes, the spots, the fevers, the crying at three in the morning, the rejection of nourishment, the emergence or nonemergence of teeth, and the terror-inspiring inclination of sleeping infants to stop breathing for a while just when their parents are getting settled in bed.
Eigenvalues of Matrices
Authors: Pozrikidis C
Published: November 2023

Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices arise under different guises in many branches of fundamental and applied science and engineering. For example, in chapters 3 and 4, we saw that computing the eigenvalues of projection matrices is necessary for assessing the convergence of linear mapping encountered in solving systems of linear and nonlinear equations. More applied examples can be drawn from the areas of quantum mechanics, vibration dynamics, and hydrodynamic stability.
The Historical Jesus
Authors: Cicovacki Predrag
Published: November 2023

What is the historical Jesus to us when we preserve him from any spurious admixture of the present with the past? We are struck by a direct awareness that his personality, despite all its strange and enigmatic qualities, has something great to say to all ages so long as the world shall last, no matter how much the knowledge and attitudes of men may change. We know that he can enrich our religion profoundly. We feel ourselves called upon to articulate clearly this elemental feeling, so that it does not soar away in dogmatic formulas or lure historical research into the inevitably hope-less attempt to modernize Jesus by diluting or explaining away whatever is historically conditioned in his preaching—as though he would mean more to us thereby.
The Ethics of Reverence for Life
Authors: Cicovacki Predrag
Published: November 2023

In the history of world thought, we seem to be met by a confusion of antagonistic systems. But if we look closely, we see that certain essential laws of thought are to be discerned. And as we trace them, we see a definite progress in this bewildering history. In fact, there emerge two main classes of problems. To begin with, we see certain facade problems, important looking, but not really connected with the main structure. Questions as to the reality of the world and the problem of knowledge belong here. Kant tried in vain to solve the essential questions by busying himself with these scientific, facade problems. Admittedly, they are intriguing, but they are not the real, elementary matters.
Cosmetic Treatments: Surgery, Dermatologic, Dental, and Other Treatments
Authors: Phillips Katharine A
Published: November 2023

Even though there are effective treatments for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), most people seek and receive treatments that don’t seem to work. These treatments include surgery, dermatologic treatment, and other cosmetic treatments, such as dental treatment to fix “ugly” teeth. Other people get electrolysis to remove unwanted facial or body hair, join hair clubs, and try other remedies. This can waste lots of time and money. Even more concerning, people with BDD often end up bitterly disappointed when these procedures don’t give them the relief they’re so desperately seeking.
Anorexia Nervosa, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, and Other Psychiatric Disorders—What’s Their Relationship to Body Dysmorphic Disorder?
Authors: Phillips Katharine A
Published: November 2023

The question of whether body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is related to certain other psychiatric disorders—or is even the same as another disorder—is important. If it is, treatments that work for those disorders might also work for BDD, which would expand treatment options for BDD. And because related disorders tend to run together in families, we could predict that relatives of people with BDD would be at increased risk for a related disorder, and vice versa. But, if BDD isn’t exactly the same as other disorders, that makes it important to diagnose BDD as a separate disorder and to treat BDD specifically.
The Crisis Management Plan
Authors: Roberts Albert R , Yeager Kenneth R
Published: November 2023

Most adults have a network of social and emotional resources. Spend time with them to determine what aspects of their lives will serve as supports for stabilization. Working toward the solution and building upon individual strengths is the foundation of disaster mental health. Each individual has an inherent skill set that can be applied to disaster response. It is important to frame this stage of intervention as examining knowledge that will bring forward opportunities to problem solving. Such problem-solving opportunities include, but are not limited to The identification of alternative actions serves as the first step in the rebuilding process. Up to this point, intervention actions have been directed toward stabilization and restoration of cognitive functioning. From here, the intervenor is able to move the individual into the recovery process.
Crisis Intervention With Sexual Abuse/Assault Victims
Authors: Roberts Albert R , Yeager Kenneth R
Published: November 2023

Sexual violence (SV) refers to any type of sexual activity in which consent is not obtained or freely given on the part of both participants. Although anyone is at risk for exposure to sexual violence, the majority of victims are female, and the individual perpetrating the violent act is typically male. Additionally, in most cases the person perpetrating the violence is known to the victim. Frequently, the individual is a friend, neighbor, coworker, family member, or classmate.
Crisis Intervention With Homicide Attempt Survivors
Authors: Roberts Albert R , Yeager Kenneth R
Published: November 2023

A homicide occurs when one human being deliberately, recklessly, or accidentally takes the life of another. When working with surviving families, peers, and individuals with special and casual ties to the homicide victims, crisis intervenors meet unique challenges, beginning with notification, continuing through grieving and processing phases. In working with homicide survivors, the crisis intervenor can expect to be confronted by two primary responses to a homicide. The first, is the ‘‘trauma-reaction’’ in response to the horrific news of the loss of a loved one, at times combined with graphic details of the event. Second is the ‘‘numbing’’ or emotional retreat from information that simply is too painful to comprehend immediately. This is frequently accompanied with a reaction of denial of the possibility of the untimely death of a loved one whose life has been cut short.
The Ten Stages of Acute Traumatic Stress Management
Authors: Roberts Albert R , Yeager Kenneth R
Published: November 2023

A number of crisis intervention practice models have been promulgated over the years (e.g., Collins & Collins, 2005; Greenstone & Leviton, 2002; Jones, 1968; Roberts & Grau, 1970). However, there is one model that builds upon and expands the seminal thinking of the founders of crisis theory (Caplan, 1964; Golan, 1978; Lindemann, 1944): Roberts’ Seven-Stage Crisis-Intervention Model (R-SSCIM) (Roberts, 1991, 1995, 1998, 2005a). It represents a practical example of a stepwise blueprint for crisis responding that has applicability across a broad spectrum of crises.
Multicomponent Critical Incident Stress Management
Authors: Roberts Albert R , Yeager Kenneth R
Published: November 2023

One only needs to pick up a newspaper to understand the need for effective crisis response capabilities. Crisis situations worldwide are growing, ranging from man-made disasters such as war, fire, building collapse, terrorist bombings, and chemical attacks to seemingly increasing numbers of natural disasters such as tornados, hurricanes, ice storms, blizzards, mudslides, floods, and tsunamis.
The Wellness Model vs. the Disease Model
Authors: Epstein Susan J
Published: November 2023

The term wellness is usually associated with a health club or fitness program, and not linked to a neurology department where the focus is on the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Yet most people could benefit from stronger muscles and better nutrition, despite a medical diagnosis. The question then becomes how much, how long, and how hard? I remember a cardiac patient asking me if it was alright to be intimate with his wife after a bypass surgery. The quest to get back to regular living is usually the goal, even for people with chronic conditions.

The diagnosis must then be the springboard to healthier living—shifting the focus away from the disease model of treatment. Many individuals with chronic disease suffer from severe fatigue, muscle pain, and weakness, while others are ambulatory with no visible disability. All are looking for ways to lead a healthier life. In a survey of 100 random patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), 80% reported they were overweight and wanted to become healthier. All were looking for ways to improve energy levels, become more physically fit, and gain an advantage over their disease. Improving health moves the patient out of the disease model into the wellness model.
Fueling the Body with Quality Calories
Authors: Epstein Susan J
Published: November 2023

This book began with the point that knowledge does not equal behavior change. The foundations of the LIFE calorie system were introduced first along with behavioral concepts that could make the calorie system usable. It can be overwhelming to ask a person to eat more than 5 servings of fruits and vegetables a day, 2–3 servings of fish, and low-fat dairy products, as well as exercise and track calories, all while carrying on with their life’s responsibilities. Mastering the calorie system and working to change behaviors to come closer to managing an improved bodyweight is the underlying principle here, but only a piece of the puzzle for living well with MS. Making behavioral changes would be quite simple if each person’s environmental design was controlled and set up for healthy eating. Instead, the complexity of life continues, making it almost impossible to improve health behaviors and maintain a diet that provides the body with adequate fuel. If you consider eating as not only a means of pleasure, but also a primary source of fuel, calories take on a new dimension. For example, if calories were only about fuel then consumers could travel to their local feed store and pick up a week’s worth of “kibble.”
Introduction
Authors: Golder Herbert , Pevear Richard
Published: November 2023

‘‘The ancient simplicity into which honor so largely entered was laughed down and disappeared,’’ wrote Thucydides (3.83), describing the moral decline of the late fifth century b.c. That same judgment might equally well be applied to the story of the Homeric warrior Aias, whose betrayal and tragic suicide embodies the final eclipse of ancient honor itself. In the arts of war and in sheer magnificence, Aias, Homer’s ‘‘bulwark of the Achaians,’’ was second only to Achilles. By rights, after Achilles died, his armor, the highest prize of honor, was owed to Aias. But the Greeks denied Aias his due, awarding the arms instead to the wily Odysseus. To Aias, the man of action, that his prize should be given to Odysseus, the man of words, was intolerable. Outraged and humiliated, noble Aias did as his honor demanded, dying on his own sword.
Characters
Authors: Golder Herbert , Pevear Richard
Published: November 2023

Line numbers in the right-hand margin of the text refer to the English translation only, and the Notes beginning at p. 81 are keyed to these lines. The bracketed line numbers in the running heads refer to the Greek text. athene I always see you like this, Odysseus, hunting out some advantage against your enemies. Now you’re sniffing around where Aias and his sailors pitched their tents at the end of the battle line, pacing over his fresh tracks, wondering if he has gone in or is still out roaming. The scent has led you like a sharp-nosed Spartan bitch to the right place. No need to peer through the gates: he’s there, his head and sword-slaying hands still dripping sweat. But tell me, why are you pursuing him? You may learn from what I know.
Notes
Authors: Williams C K , Dickerson Gregory W
Published: November 2023

1–93 / 1–93 Prologue 1 / 1 The palace of Keyx . . . The manuscripts of Greek tragedy contain no stage directions. We have been sparing in our reconstruction. In the original production all performers were male and masked. Since the Greek tragedians were allotted, in addition to a chorus, only three actors for the performance of all speaking parts, it is probable that both Deianeira and Herakles were played by the most accomplished of the three, the protagonist appointed by the state. It is impossible to assess what effect, if any, this conventional doubling of roles, so intriguing in terms of twentieth-century psychology, exercised upon an ancient audience.
On The Translation
Authors: Carson Anne , Shaw Michael
Published: November 2023

A translator is someone trying to get in between a body and its shadow. Translating is a task of imitation that faces in two directions at once, for it must line itself up with the solid body of the original text and at the same time with the shadow of that text where it falls across another language. Shadows fall and move. The following paper, based on my own attempts to render the Greek text of Sophocles’ Electra into English, will indicate some of the moving shadows cast by this unusual and difficult play and describe how they have proven problematic for its translation into readable verse and performable drama.
Characters
Authors: Carson Anne , Shaw Michael
Published: November 2023

Line numbers in the right-hand margin of the text refer to the English translation only, and the Notes beginning on p. 295 are keyed to these lines. The bracketed line numbers in the running heads refer to the Greek text.
Notes
Authors: Carson Anne , Shaw Michael
Published: November 2023

A few formal terms: The basic divisions of a Greek tragedy, according to the tradition, is into prologue, parodos, episodes, and stasima. A Greek tragedy contains a variety of levels of speech, in the most general terms the meter of spoken verse (iambitrimeters) and lyric. The prologue and the episodes are usually in iambic trimeter. Characters may speak to each other or to the chorus. A lyric exchange between the chorus and one or more characters is a kommos. The parodos is the entry song of the chorus (in the Electra this takes the form of a kommos between Electra and the Chorus). A stasimon is a choral song that divides two episodes. The episodes, which are mostly in iambic trimeter, are what we would call scenes; the final episode, which ends the drama, can also be called the exodos. These choral songs are typically constructed of strophe, antistrophe, and epode. A strophe is a stanza, while an antistrophe is a stanza whose metrical form closely follows that of a strophe. An epode is a single stanza which follows a paired strophe and antistrophe, but whose metrical form is unique.
The Balkans: Realia—Qu’est-ce qu’il y a de hors-texte?
Authors: Todorova Maria
Published: November 2023

All European states were included, among them all Balkan states at the time of writing: Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, and Yugoslavia. There were some technical omissions: for example, Turkey was missing (instead there was the song “Turkey in the Straw”), but the Ottoman Empire was in, as was Istanbul, the Bosporus, and the Black Sea. Al- though it was an oversight, one cannot help wondering about a psychological slip in omitting two Central European states: Poland and Austria.
Chapter 1
Authors: Chatterji Bankimchandra
Published: November 2023

So, in all, ten years passed—ten years from the day Haraballabh called Prafulla a Bagdi’s daughter and drove her away. But these ten years didn’t go well for Haraballabh Ray. I have already spoken about the parlous state of the land—about the misdeeds of Debisingh the leaseholder, and about those of the bandits. On one occasion, after the bandits had looted a consignment of money on its way from an estate under Haraballabh’s jurisdiction, Debi-singh didn’t receive his revenue, so he sold off one of Haraballabh’s estates. Debisingh could hardly be criticized for the way he sold things off in this way; thanks to Mr Hastings and Gangagobind Singh every government officer did his bidding, so he could do whatever he wished in this respect. Debisingh himself bought up Haraballabh’s estate worth Rs.10,000, for Rs.250. The outstanding revenue was hardly cleared by this, and the balance of what was due remained. Because of Debisingh’s harassment and the fear of imprisonment, Haraballabh mortgaged another property and cleared the debt. All this led to a big fall in his income, but not to the slightest reduction in his expenditure: it’s not easy to lower the fine lifestyle one’s got used to! A day comes for nearly every individual when the Goddess of wealth makes her presence felt and says: “Either you give up your old ways or you give me up!” and many reply, “My dear, I’ll have to give you up, for I cannot give up my ways.” Haraballabh was one of these.
The Rhetorical Background
Authors: Herrman Judson
Published: November 2023

Hyperides’ Funeral Oration was addressed to a large audience of Athenians and foreigners at the public ceremony for the burial of the war dead in early 322. We will now consider the institutional setting of the speech and the characteristic elements found in Athenian state funeral orations. We will then focus on the Demosthenic Funeral Oration and examine the coexistence of traditional motifs and current attitudes to- ward Macedon in that speech. We will see that Demosthenes defends the decision to fight the Macedonians at Chaeronea by invoking patriotic models from Athenian history, and at the same time his speech reflects its historical context in 338. From there we will turn to other speeches of the 330s and find a similar attitude of nostalgic patriotism alongside acknowledgment of the Macedonian hegemony. This discussion of the rhetorical background to Hyperides’ speech will help illuminate the innovative techniques and newfound optimism of Hyperides’ Funeral Oration, on which we will concentrate in the following section.
What next? Research and policy recommendations
Authors: Ceci Stephen J , Williams Wendy M
Published: November 2023

Readers may recall research described in Chapter 2 showing that women biologists conduct higher-impact work than their male counterparts when assessed later in their careers (17 years post-PhD). Clearly, these older biologists may represent more of a select group than today’s average biologist. Nevertheless, it seems justified to probe the differing life courses of women’s versus men’s careers, to see how the timing of the current tenure and promotion system may be denying society and science the services of some talented women. If women in STEM fields make greater impacts and do more important work later in their careers, once the bulk of childrearing is complete, and if this work can be shown to compare favorably with that of male colleagues, then at minimum our institutions should be investigating and testing potential systems for offering women part-time tenure-track jobs (with concomitantly longer periods of time in which to amass a tenure portfolio) that convert to full-time tenured jobs, if they wish, once family responsibilities have lessened. Men wishing to experience day-to-day fatherhood rather than abdicating it to their partners might also wish to take advantage of such nontraditional.
Introduction To The First Edition
Authors: Darwin Charles
Published: November 2023

Many works have been written on expression, but a greater number on physiognomy that is, on the recognition of a character through the study of the permanent form of the features. With this latter subject I am not here concerned. The older treatises,2 which I have consulted, have been of little or no service to me. The famous Conferences3 of the painter Lebrun, published in 1667, is the best known ancient work, and contains some good remarks. Another somewhat old essay, namely, the Discourse, delivered 177482, by the well known Dutch anatomist Camper,4 can hardly be considered as having made any marked advance in the subject. The following works, on the contrary, deserve the fullest consideration.
Low Spirits, Anxiety, Grief, Dejection, Despair
Authors: Darwin Charles
Published: November 2023

General effect of grief on the system Obliquity of the eyebrows under suffering On the cause of the obliquity of the eyebrows On the depression of the corners of the mouth.

After the mind has suffered from an acute paroxysm of grief, and the cause still continues, we fall into a state of low spirits; or we may be utterly cast down and dejected. Prolonged bodily pain, if not amounting to an agony, generally leads to the same state of mind. If we expect to suffer, we are anxious; if we have no hope of relief, we despair.

The words for closely related feelings can be confusing. In the next paragraph Darwin uses the term grief (which the dictionary says is sorrow or anguish in response to a loss) as a general term for two more specific emotions: distress and sadness. W each have suggested that the term distress be used for what Darwin describes as the violent and almost frantic movements of grief. We reserve the term sadness for the state which often follows distress, when, as Darwin observes, the person no longer wishes for action but becomes passively resigned to the feelings of grief.
Joy, High Spirits, Love, Tender Feelings, Devotion
Authors: Darwin Charles
Published: November 2023

Joy, when intense, leads to various purposeless movements to dancing about, clapping the hands, stamping, etc., and to loud laughter. Laughter seems to be the expression of mere joy or happiness. We clearly see this in children at play, who are almost incessantly laughing. With young persons past childhood, when they are in high spirits, there is always much meaningless laughter. The laughter of the gods is described by Homer as ‘the exuberance of their celestial joy after their daily banquet’. A man smiles and smiling, as we shall see, graduates into laughter at meeting an old friend in the street, as he does at any trifling pleasure, such as smelling a sweet perfume. Laura Bridgman, from her blindness and deafness, could not have acquired any expression through imitation, yet when a letter from a beloved friend was communicated to her by gesture language, she ‘laughed and clapped her hands, and the colour mounted to her cheeks’. On other occasions she was seen to stamp for joy.2Idiots and imbecile persons likewise afford good evidence that laughter or smiling primarily expresses mere happiness or joy. Dr Crichton Browne, to whom, as on so many other occasions, I am indebted for the results of his wide experience, informs me
‘A Crazy Enterprise’: German Translators of Sophocles, from Opitz to Boeckh
Authors: Stoneman Richard
Published: November 2023

Kindly spirits have long since fled from here. Two knights in dented armour lie in the dust beside a soot-blackened industrial hoist. Iron girders encircle a ruined factory, flames belch from metal casks. The human beings in this post-war rubbish dump declaim, screaming and stuttering, into the void; they lacerate and humiliate each other uncomprehendingly to death. In the highest row of the theatre the schoolchildren are scarcely disturbed by the surrounding racket. Any videotape could offer them something more exciting. At most they whisper more quietly, whenever their teacher leans over to admonish them.
Technical Details
Authors: Cook B F
Published: November 2023

Different types of marble were used in the friezes,. and stable isotope analysis has been used as an aid to identification.Although the analytical technique is widely accepted as a most useful method of distinguishing white marbles, interpretation of the results, leading to the determination of the actual source of the marble, includes comparison against a database of samples (chiefly from known quarries), and the reliability of the method may therefore be limited by the comprehensiveness of the database. It may also be limited by another difficulty: samples from particular sources regularly produce a range of slightly different readings, which for statistical reasons may be represented in the graphs as ellipses, known as ‘quarry signatures’. The ambiguities that arise where the quarry signatures overlap are difficult to resolve.
Eighth-Century Attic Inscriptions
Authors: Immerwahr Henry R
Published: November 2023

No extant Attic inscriptions are earlier than the third quarter of the eighth century BC; nor am I aware of potters’ marks or other signs on Attic Protogeometric or Early Geometric pottery, with the exception of an upright painted cross under one handle of a Protogeometric amphora from the Athenian Agora. In view of the large quantity of Attic pottery from these periods, this fact supports the notion that Greece was illiterate in the first quarter of the first millennium BC, especially since potters’ marks are frequent in the Mycenaean period and reappear after the middle of the eighth century.
Developed Black-Figure Writing, 550–530BC
Authors: Immerwahr Henry R
Published: November 2023

As mentioned earlier, after the middle of the sixth century it is best to divide the vases into large and small, or pots and cups. This isolates the majority of the Little Master cups (below, Section III). The three major groups of large vases (treated in Section I) are (r) Lydos and his circle, (2) Group E and Exekias, and (3) the Amasis Painter. Beside these stand a peculiar group, that of the so-called Tyrrhenian vases (below, Section II).