bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observed and unobserved heterogeneity in failure data analysis
Authors: Zaki Rezgar , Barabadi Abbas , Barabady Javad , Nouri Qarahasanlou Ali
Published: June 2021

In reality, failure data are often collected under diffract operational conditions (covariates), leading to heterogeneity among the data. Heterogeneity can be classified as observed and unobserved heterogeneity. Un-observed heterogeneity is the effect of unknown, unrecorded, or missing covariates. In most reliability studies, the effect of unobserved covariates is neglected. This may lead to inaccurate reliability modeling, and consequently, wrong operation and maintenance decisions. There is a lack of a systematic approach to model the unobserved covariate in reliability analysis. This paper aims to present a framework for reliability analysis in the presence of unobserved and observed covariates. Here, the unobserved covariates will be analyzed using frailty models. A case study will illustrate the application of the framework.
Shame and blame: Secondary stigma among families of convicted sex offenders
Authors: Evans Douglas , Trahan Adam , Laird Kaleigh
Published: June 2021

The detriment of incarceration experienced by the formerly incarcerated has been increasingly explored in the literature on reentry. A tangential but equally concerning issue that has recently received more research attention is the effect on family members of the incarcerated. The stigma of a criminal conviction is most apparent among families of convicted sex offenders, who experience consequences parallel to those of their convicted relative. Drawing from interviews with 30 individuals with a family member incarcerated for a sex offence in the United States, this study explores manifestations of stigma due to familial association. The findings suggest that families face negative treatment from social networks and criminal justice officials, engage in self-blame and that the media’s control over the narrative exacerbates family members’ experiences. Given the pervasiveness of criminal justice system contact, the rapid growth of the sex offender registry in the United States, and the millions of family members peripherally affected by one or both, justice system reforms are needed to ensure that family members are shielded from the harms of incarceration and registration.
Cyberplace: From fantasies of placelessness to connective emplacement
Authors: Halstead Huw
Published: June 2021

Digital memories have often been interpreted – both pejoratively and positively – as free-floating and placeless. On the one hand, digital technology is dismissed for creating a placeless sameness and meaninglessness: memories cut loose from the distinctive places in which they were formed and which gave them meaning. On the other hand, it is celebrated for creating a progressive placelessness in which memories may develop unencumbered by the restrictions, antagonisms and exclusivity of boundaries, borders and rootedness. Yet, an increasingly everted and pervasive 21st century Internet – and the rise of mobile and locative technologies – challenge the notion that place is significant to digital memory only in its absence. Digital memories are also personal and local memories, which are both marked by the contours of existing place politics and social geographies, and capable of reshaping these contours into new, heterogeneous and dynamic place-making. This is cyberplace: malleable, shifting, often disorientating; but also textured, uneven and located.
Digital disorientation and place
Authors: Relph Edward
Published: June 2021

Digital technologies affect experiences of place in ways that are disorienting because they overwhelm us with information and images, bring into question what is real and what is fake, confuse real and virtual reality, and exacerbate extreme views about who belongs where. The consequences of this ‘digital disorientation’ might seem to be experienced as unremarkable and benign. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that these consequences include a digitally poisoned sense of place based on exclusionary attitudes paradoxically fostered in the echo chambers of non-place communities. Resisting this and its political manifestations will require finding ways to promote an open and inclusive digital sense of place that is necessarily grounded in the actual places of everyday life; that understands that digitally these actual places are both permeated by and reach out into distant times and places; and that embraces rather than denies difference.
‘We did commit these crimes’: Post-Ottoman solidarities, contested places and Kurdish apology for the Armenian Genocide on Web 2.0
Authors: Halstead Huw
Published: June 2021

Web 2.0 facilitates the articulation of transcultural solidarities between Armenian, Assyrian, Greek and Kurdish social media users. This has led to a growing trend for some Kurdish users to apologise for Kurdish complicity in Ottoman crimes, most notably the Armenian Genocide. These post-Ottoman solidarities layer different times and places, creating digital palimpsests where fantasies about place can be constructed, but fantasies that remain connected to enduring and historical place identities and concerns about future territorial borders. These multitemporal montages can foster reconciliation between erstwhile antagonists, lead to mutual recognition of shared victimhood, and perhaps even form the basis for a more inclusive sense of shared (lost) place. Yet, these solidarities can also incubate nationalist irredentism and othering. Moreover, they frequently founder on the very notions of territoriality and exclusive place identity that they sometimes seem ostensibly to transcend.
The new grey of memory: Andrew Hoskins in conversation with Huw Halstead
Authors: Hoskins Andrew , Halstead Huw
Published: June 2021

Andrew Hoskins – interviewed by Huw Halstead – discusses the tensions and paradoxes of memory and place in the connective era. Digital media liberate memory from the spatial archive, but they also create a connective compulsion and dependency, a disconnect from the present moment and a loss of control over memory. The overwhelming abundance and immediacy of digital data breed a placelessness of the digital traces of ourselves, an algorithmic narrowing of information, knowledge and life. The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified this compulsion to record to such an extent that it may be considered a new memory boom, an obsessive desire to remember. Locative and mobile technology may seem to locate us in space more than ever before, but they do so in ways that are beyond our comprehension: our smartphones know more about our locatedness than we do, ushering in a ‘new grey’ in digital memory. Yet, it is critical to be aware of the variegated geography of connective memory – and of Memory Studies itself.
A comparison of intramedullary cannulated screws versus miniplates for fixation of unstable metacarpal diaphyseal fractures
Authors: Kibar Birkan , Cavit Ali , Örs Abdullah
Published: June 2021

We carried out a prospective randomized study to compare the clinical and radiological results of metacarpal diaphyseal fractures treated with retrograde intramedullary headless cannulated screws (IHCS) and plates. Fractures were fixed with IHCS in 34 patients (37 metacarpals) and locked miniplates in 35 patients (40 metacarpals). The mean age was 33 years (range 18–61) in the IHCS group and 32 years (range 17–68) in plate group. All patients were followed up for 1 year. All fractures in the IHCS group united but there was one nonunion in the plate group. At final follow-up, there was no significant difference between the groups in total active movement, visual analogue pain score, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score and grip strength, although the study was not sufficiently powered to exclude differences with certainty. IHCS is a safe and fast technique that is a good alternative to plate fixation in metacarpal diaphyseal fractures.

Level of evidence: I
Donor–recipient matching in hand transplantation: a comparison of anthropometric measurements, 3-dimensional virtual models and printed epitheses
Authors: Ruiz-Moya Alejandro , Infante-Cossio Pedro , Gomez-Ciriza Gorka , Gomez-Ciriza Mikel , Gomez-Cia Tomas
Published: June 2021

Donor–recipient matching in hand transplantation remains challenging. The usefulness of three-dimensional (3-D) virtual models and printed epitheses were compared with measurements on cadaveric extremities to evaluate the most accurate method of donor–recipient matching for allograft procurement. Ten anthropometric measurements were recorded from 12 human cadaveric upper extremities and matched to printed epitheses and 3-D virtual models. Five circumferential and two longitudinal measurements obtained an intra-class correlation of >0.75 with all three methods, with the Kaplan (0.973) and wrist circumferences (0.942) achieving the highest concordance. Measurement on cadaveric specimens was the most reliable method. Using different combinations of donor hand and recipient forearms, a series of 72 virtual transplantations were then created, and their compatibility rated by ten transplant surgeons. The results confirmed that anthropometric measurements, obtained directly from potential human donor limbs and based on wrist circumference as the primary parameter, provide the best and most clinically relevant donor–recipient match.
7T MRI with post-processing for the presurgical evaluation of pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy
Authors: Chen Cong , Xie Juan-Juan , Ding Fang , Jiang Ya-Si , Jin Bo , Wang Shan , Ding Yao , Li Hong , Jiang Biao , Zhu Jun-Ming , Ding Mei-Ping , Chen Zhong , Wu Zhi-Ying , Zhang Bao-Rong , Hsu Yi-Cheng , Lai Hsin-Yi , Wang Shuang
Published: June 2021

Background:

We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic yield of seven-tesla (7T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with post-processing of three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted (T1W) images by the morphometric analysis program (MAP) in epilepsy surgical candidates whose 3T MRI results were inconclusive or negative.

Methods:

We recruited 35 patients with pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy. A multidisciplinary team including an experienced neuroradiologist evaluated their seizure semiology, video-electroencephalography data, 3T MRI and post-processing results, and co-registered FDG-PET. Eleven patients had suspicious lesions on 3T MRI and the other 24 patients were strictly MRI-negative. 7T MRI evaluation was then performed to aid clinical decision. Among patients with pathologically proven focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) type II, signs of FCD were retrospectively evaluated in each MRI sequence (T1W, T2W, and FLAIR), and positive rates were analyzed in each MAP feature map (junction, extension, and thickness).

Results:

7T MRI evaluation confirmed the lesion in nine of the 11 (81.8%) patients with suspicious lesions on 3T MRI. It also revealed new lesions in four of the 24 (16.7%) strictly MRI-negative patients. Histopathology showed FCD type II in 11 of the 13 (84.6%) 7T MRI-positive cases. Unexpectedly, three of the four newly identified FCD lesions were located in the posterior quadrant. Blurred gray–white boundary was the most frequently observed sign of FCD, appearing on 7T T1W image in all cases and on T2W and FLAIR images in only about half cases. The 7T junction map successfully detected FCD (10/11) in more cases than the extension (1/11) and thickness (0/11) maps. The 3D T1W images at 7T exhibited superior cerebral gray–white matter contrast, more obviously blurred gray–white boundary of FCD, and larger and brighter positive zones in post-processing than 3T T1W images.

Conclusion:

7T MRI with post-processing can enhance the detection of subtle epileptogenic lesions for MRI-negative epilepsy and may optimize surgical strategies for patients with focal epilepsy.
A multicenter analysis of treatment patterns and clinical outcomes of subsequent therapies after progression on palbociclib in HR+/HER2− metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Li Yi , Li Wei , Gong Chengcheng , Zheng Yabin , Ouyang Quchang , Xie Ning , Qu Qing , Ge Rui , Wang Biyun
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

Endocrine therapy and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) are standard treatment options for hormone receptor positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2–) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, the efficacy of standard subsequent therapies after CDK4/6i-based treatment is unclear. This study aimed to examine physician practice patterns and treatment outcomes of subsequent therapies administered after progression on palbociclib therapy in clinical practice.

Methods:

The study included 200 patients with HR+/HER2– MBC who underwent subsequent treatments after progressing on palbociclib-based regimens in five Chinese institutions between August 2017 and April 2020. The treatment pattern, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and objective response rate (ORR) were reported.

Results:

A total of 200 patients were included, of whom 147 (73.5%) and 53 (26.5%) received subsequent chemotherapy and endocrine therapy, respectively. The frequently used monochemotherapy regimens were taxane ( n = 29), capecitabine ( n = 21), and vinorelbine ( n = 17), while the endocrine therapy regimens were chidamide plus exemestane ( n = 16) and everolimus plus exemestane ( n = 9). The overall median PFS (mPFS) was 5.5 months, with no significant difference in mPFS between the chemotherapy and endocrine therapy groups ( p = 0.669). However, among patients not sensitive to prior palbociclib treatment, those administered chemotherapy had significantly longer PFS than those administered endocrine therapy ( p = 0.006). The mPFS with endocrine therapy after first-, second-, and subsequent-line palbociclib was 13.4, 3.1, and 4.1 months, respectively ( p = 0.233); in contrast, the mPFS with chemotherapy was 7.2, 6.5, and 4.9 months after first-, second-, and subsequent-line palbociclib, respectively ( p = 0.364). The median OS was not achieved. The ORR was 10.6% among the 198 patients included in the analysis.

Conclusions:

Physicians prefer chemotherapy over endocrine therapy for the treatment of patients with HR+/HER2– MBC who develop progression on palbociclib. Sensitivity to previous palbociclib treatment might be one of the indicators for predicting response to subsequent treatment. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04517318
Exploring Gen Y Luxury Consumers’ Webrooming Behavior: An Integrated Approach
Authors: Jain Sheetal , Shankar Amit
Published: June 2021

This study investigates Gen Y luxury consumers’ webrooming behavior. A total of 402 usable responses were collected using questionnaire surveys from the millennials in India. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and PROCESS Macro were run to test the hypotheses. The findings show that the link between perceived usefulness of searching online, perceived ease of searching online, and webrooming intention is significantly mediated by attitude toward webrooming. Results also indicate that online risk perception moderates the association of attitude toward webrooming with webrooming intention. The results of this research will help luxury marketers in formulating effective channel strategies to maximize their reach via both offline and online channels. This study provides several contributions to the luxury marketing and retailing literature by examining luxury consumers’ webrooming intention using an integrated Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)–Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) framework.
Inspecting Insulin Products Using Water Proton NMR. I. Noninvasive vs Invasive Inspection
Authors: Taraban Marc B. , Wang Yilin , Briggs Katharine T. , Yu Yihua Bruce
Published: June 2021

Background:

There is a clear need to transition from batch-level to vial/syringe/pen-level quality control of biologic drugs, such as insulin. This could be achieved only by noninvasive and quantitative inspection technologies that maintain the integrity of the drug product.

Methods:

Four insulin products for patient self-injection presented as prefilled pens have been noninvasively and quantitatively inspected using the water proton NMR technology. The inspection output is the water proton relaxation rate R2(1H2O), a continuous numerical variable rather than binary pass/fail.

Results:

Ten pens of each product were inspected. R2(1H2O) displays insignificant variation among the 10 pens of each product, suggesting good insulin content uniformity in the inspected pens. It is also shown that transferring the insulin solution out of and then back into the insulin pen caused significant change in R2(1H2O), presumably due to exposure to O2 in air.

Conclusions:

Water proton NMR can noninvasively and quantitatively inspect insulin pens. wNMR can confirm product content uniformity, but not absolute content. Its sensitivity to sample transferring provides a way to detect drug product tampering. This opens the possibility of inspecting every pen/vial/syringe by manufacturers and end-users.
The role of carfilzomib in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Yee Andrew J.
Published: June 2021

Carfilzomib is the second proteasome inhibitor approved for relapsed multiple myeloma. Since its approval in 2012, carfilzomib has been an active and versatile drug, based on its efficacy as a single agent; superiority as a doublet with dexamethasone compared with bortezomib and dexamethasone; and as a partner in diverse three drug combinations such as with lenalidomide or daratumumab. While it has an established place in relapsed disease, clinicians should be aware of its cardiovascular and renal adverse event profile, which is manageable, in order to optimize outcomes. This review will provide a perspective on the current and future role of carfilzomib in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.
Advances in the diagnosis and the management of primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Islam Ana Kashfia
Published: June 2021

The parathyroid glands, one of the last organs to be discovered, are responsible for maintaining calcium homeostasis, and they continue to present the clinician with diagnostic and management challenges that are reviewed herein. Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) comprises the vast majority of pathology of the parathyroid glands. The classic variant, presenting with elevated calcium and parathyroid hormone levels, has been studied extensively, but the current body of literature has added to our understanding of normocalcemic and normohormonal variants of PHPT, as well as syndromic forms of PHPT. All variants can lead to bone loss, kidney stones, declining renal function, and a variety of neurocognitive, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal complaints, although the majority of PHPT today is asymptomatic. Surgery remains the definitive treatment for PHPT, and advances in screening, evolving indications for surgery, new imaging modalities, and improvements in intra-operative methods have greatly changed the landscape. Surgery continues to produce excellent results in the hands of an experienced parathyroid surgeon. For those patients who are not candidates for surgery, therapeutic advances in medical management allow for improved control of the hypercalcemic state. Parathyroid cancer is extremely rare; the diagnosis is often made intra-operatively or on final pathology, and recurrence is common. The mainstay of treatment is normalization of serum calcium via surgery and medical adjuncts.
Frailty Severity and Hospitalization After Dialysis Initiation
Authors: Clark David , Matheson Kara , West Benjamin , Vinson Amanda , West Kenneth , Jain Arsh , Rockwood Kenneth , Tennankore Karthik
Published: June 2021

Background:

Frailty is associated with hospitalization and mortality among dialysis patients. To now, few studies have considered the degree of frailty as a predictor of hospitalization.

Objective:

We evaluated whether frailty severity was associated with hospitalization after dialysis initiation.

Design:

Retrolective cohort study.

Setting:

Nova Scotia, Canada.

Patients:

Consecutive adult, chronic dialysis patients who initiated dialysis from January 1, 2009 to June 30, 2014, (last follow-up June, 2015).

Methods:

Frailty Severity, as determined by the 7-point Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS, ranging from 1 = very fit to 7 = severely frail), was measured at dialysis initiation and treated as continuous and in categories (CFS scores of 1-3, 4/5, and 6/7). Hospitalization was characterized by cumulative time admitted to hospital (proportion of days admitted/time at risk) and by the joint risk of hospitalization and death. Time at risk included time in hospital after dialysis initiation and patients were followed until transplantation or death.

Results:

Of 647 patients (mean age: 62 ± 15), 564 (87%) had CFS scores. The mean CFS score was 4 (“corresponding to “vulnerable”) ± 2 (“well” to “moderately frail”). In an adjusted negative binomial regression model, moderate-severely frail patients (CFS 6/7) had a >2-fold increased risk of cumulative time admitted to hospital compared to the lowest CFS category (IRR = 2.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31-3.63). In the joint model, moderate-severely frail patients had a 61% increase in the relative hazard for hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.29-2.02) and a 93% increase in the relative hazard for death compared to the lowest CFS category (HR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.16-3.22).

Limitations:

Potential unknown confounders may have affected the association between frailty severity and hospitalization given observational study design. The CFS is subjective and different clinicians may grade frailty severity differently or misclassify patients on the basis of limited availability.

Conclusions:

Among incident dialysis patients, a higher frailty severity as defined by the CFS is associated with both an increased risk of cumulative time admitted to hospital and joint risk of hospitalization and death.
The Power of Schadenfreude: Predicting Behaviors and Perceptions of Trolling Among Reddit Users
Authors: Brubaker Pamela Jo , Montez Daniel , Church Scott Haden
Published: June 2021

Trolling is an uncivil behavior that is increasingly prevalent in online social interactions. This study sought to understand trolling by examining the psychological predictors that motivate trolling behaviors, as well as perceptions of trolling among 438 Reddit users. A path analysis indicated the motivation of schadenfreude mediates the relationship between personality traits (i.e., the dark triad) and trolling. Outspokenness neither directly nor indirectly predicted trolling. Results also showed that Reddit users motivated by schadenfreude and users who exhibit trolling behaviors view trolling as not being a dysfunctional or undesirable response to online discourse. In addition, those with schadenfreude considered the practice of trolling to be functional/comprehensible. Those who merely observe trolling on Reddit did not consider trolling to be a functional part of online discourse. Age, time spent on Reddit, and the dark triad did not predict functional or dysfunctional perceptions of trolling, but gender played a role.
Perceived Adequacy of Tangible Support during Stay-at-Home Orders in Chicago and New York
Authors: O’Conor Rachel , Opsasnick Lauren , Pack Allison , Yoshino Benavente Julia , Curtis Laura M. , Lovett Rebecca M. , Luu Han , Wismer Guisselle , Kwasny Mary J. , Federman Alex D. , Bailey Stacy C. , Wolf Michael S.
Published: June 2021

Objectives:

Physical distancing precautions during the COVID-19 pandemic may challenge the provision of tangible support many middle age and older adults receive in managing their health. We examined the association between unmet tangible support needs and self-management behaviors and mental health status during the stay-at-home orders in Chicago and New York.

Methods:

We used data from the COVID-19 & Chronic Conditions study collected between May 1st and May 22nd, 2020. A total of 801 middle age and older adults with ≥1 chronic condition in Chicago and New York City completed the telephone interview. Adequacy of tangible social support was measured using a brief, validated scale that determined whether an individual needed assistance managing his or her health, and if yes, whether this need was met. Participants reported their level of difficulty engaging in self-management behaviors using 2 discrete items; they also self-reported medication adherence using the ASK-12 medication adherence scale. Mental health status was measured using the depression and anxiety PROMIS short-form instruments.

Results:

Participants’ mean age was 63 years; 30% identified as Black, 26% identified as Latino, and 12% identified unmet support needs. Inadequacy of tangible support was associated with greater difficulty managing one’s health and accessing medications due to COVID-19, as well as poorer medication adherence, increased anxiety and depressive symptoms, and poorer overall well-being ( P’s < .05).

Conclusions:

Perceived unmet support needs during stay-at-home orders were associated with greater difficulty engaging in self-management behaviors and poorer overall well-being. Two brief items quickly identified individuals with unmet support needs.
COVID-19 Recurrence Without Seroconversion in a Patient With Mannose-Binding Lectin Deficiency
Authors: Hayes Breanne , Stanley Jonathan , Peppers Brian P.
Published: June 2021

Introduction

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has infected more than 63,000,000 people worldwide after emerging from Wuhan, China in December 2019. This outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency in January 2020, and a pandemic in March. While rare, reinfection with the virus has been reported on multiple occasions.

Case Presentation

We present a case report of an individual with mannose binding lectin deficiency who tested positive on two separate occasions, months apart, and did not develop IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. This patient Is a 30- year-old female healthcare worker with a past medical history of ITP, pancreatitis, GERD, anxiety and recurrent pneumonia. She presented in March 2020 with fever, nasal congestion, and dry cough. She was diagnosed with COVID-19 in March 2020, via PCR through employee health. She was treated with a course azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine. Symptoms resolved, however in June 2020, SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were negative. Seven months later in October, she once again developed symptoms which were milder. She was found to have a decreased level of mannose binding lectin, normal immunoglobulin levels, and normal streptococcus pneumonia IgG antibodies. On immune work-up after recovery, she was found to have a decreased level of mannose binding lectin (<50 ng/mL), normal immunoglobulin levels, and protective Streptococcus pneumoniae IgG antibodies with appropriate vaccine response. Her SARS-CoV-2 IgG returned back as positive 8 weeks after her second infection.

Discussion

This case illustrates that patients with mannose binding lectin deficiency may be at greater risk of re-infection than the general population.
Programming Language Training With the Flipped Classroom Model
Authors: Taşpolat Ata , Özdamli Fezile , Soykan Emrah
Published: June 2021

The flipped classroom method, which could be considered as one of the crucial new generation teaching approaches, is a permutation of the educational activities that are carried out inside and outside of the classroom environment. The main purpose of the present study is to determine the impact of the flipped classroom approach on students’ academic achievement and their attitudes toward programming and methodology at the higher education level. The current study employed a mixed research method as findings were transcribed on the basis of quantitative and qualitative data sets. Academic achievement tests and attitudes toward programming scales were used to collect quantitative data, whereas a semistructured focus group interview was used to collect the qualitative data set. The findings demonstrated that a statistically significant difference existed among the students in the experimental group and students within the control group regarding their attitudes toward programming and academic achievement. The results of the study reported that the experimental group had more positive attitudes and higher levels of academic achievement when compared with the control group. The advantages of the flipped classroom model include the elevated teacher–student interaction, raised independence in terms of accessing courses regardless of time and place, the opportunity to save time particularly during practicing, student-centered structure and increased motivation. This method also has many disadvantages. These include the need for technological requirements, students not watching videos, poor attendance to the course, and the lowered student–teacher interaction, especially outside the classroom.
Emotion and Emotion Preferences in Daily Life: The Role of Anxiety
Authors: Vanderlind W. Michael , Everaert Jonas , Caballero Camila , Cohodes Emily M. , Gee Dylan G.
Published: June 2021

People vary in their emotion preferences (i.e., desired emotional states). No study, however, has examined the nature of emotion preferences in anxiety. In the current study, we used a 14-day ecological momentary assessment paradigm to investigate the daily dynamics of emotion preferences and state emotion as they relate to individual differences in trait anxiety and anxiety symptom severity. Individuals with higher levels of trait anxiety and with more severe anxiety symptoms reported greater preferences for state anxiety compared with their low-anxiety counterparts. Relations between anxiety preferences and subsequent anxiety vary as a function of trait anxiety and symptom severity, and different associations are observed between the two measures of anxiety. The current findings suggest that aberrant emotion preferences may contribute to emotion dysfunction in anxiety and highlight emotion preferences as a novel treatment target for interventions that aim to improve emotion functioning among people with elevated levels of anxiety.
Canadian Trends in Free Flap Management for Microsurgical Lower Limb Reconstruction
Authors: Bonapace-Potvin Michelle , Govshievich Alexander , Tessier Laurent , Karunanayake Mihiran , Tremblay Dominique , Chollet André
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Free tissue transfers have become a mainstay in lower limb salvage, allowing safe and reliable reconstruction after trauma, tumor extirpation, and complex wounds. The optimal perioperative (PO) management of these flaps remains controversial. This study aims to assess the current state of practice among Canadian microsurgeons. Methods: Sixty-four Canadian microsurgeons were approached to complete an online questionnaire regarding their PO management of fasciocutaneous free flaps used for lower limb reconstruction. Trends in dangling timing and duration, use of venous couplers, compressive garments, thromboprophylaxis, and surgeons’ satisfaction with their protocol were assessed. Results: Twenty-eight surgeons responded. Fifty-seven percent did not have a specific mobilization protocol. Dangling was mainly initiated on postoperative days 5 to 6 (44%). The most common protocol duration was 5 to 6 days (43%). The concern for prolonged venous pooling was the main reason for delay of dangling (71%). Compressive garments were placed routinely by 12 surgeons (43%) with 20% starting before dangling, 46% with dangling, and 33% after dangling. Venous couplers were routinely used by 24 surgeons (85.7%). Trends in management were influenced by previous training in 53.6% of cases (vs evidence-based medicine 7.1%). Although 89.3% were satisfied with their approach, 92.8% would consider changing practice if higher-level evidence was available. Conclusions: The majority of Canadian microsurgeons initiate dangling early and utilize venous couplers. However, the use of compressive garments is limited. Trends in management are largely based on personal experience. Nearly all surgeons would consider changing their practice if higher-level evidence was available.
A case series of intra-articular diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee: Prognosis of complete synovectomy under arthroscopic surgery
Authors: Cheng You-Hung , Lin Yi-Hsuan , Tseng I-Chuan , Chan Yi-Sheng
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcome and prognosis of complete synovectomy performed under arthroscopic surgery in the treatment of diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis (DPVNS) of the knee.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed 7 cases (6 female and 1 male) diagnosed with diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis (DPVNS) of knee from 2013 to 2017. All of these cases were treated with knee arthroscopy-assisted complete synovectomy. The follow-up period ranged from 36 months to 60 months (average: 48.0 months). The pain score, range of motion and functional outcome of the knee joint were evaluated after surgery. Symptoms and signs were monitored and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were routinely requested to note for possible recurrence during clinical follow up.

Results:

During and after the surgeries of complete synovectomy under arthroscope by the same surgeon, no complications were noted in the ward or the clinic. Significant improvements were achieved in terms of the range of motion and Lysholm knee function score. There was no recurrence of DPVNS observed in our patients during a follow-up of 4 years.

Conclusions:

Intra-articular DPVNS of the knee can successfully be treated by complete synovectomy under arthroscope. This case series emphasized the technique of multiple portals and cycling different shavers to achieve satisfactory outcomes.
Moderating Role of Education and Gender on the Effects of Celebrity Endorsement on Strength, Uniqueness, and Favourability in Brand Association: Evidence from India
Authors: Saini Aarti , Parayitam Satyanarayana
Published: June 2021

Volumes of research documented the positive effects of celebrity endorsement in influencing the consumers in their purchase decisions. One area that has been understudied, to our knowledge, is the effect of level of education and gender on celebrity endorsement. The present study considers level of education as a moderator in the relationship between the effect of celebrity endorsement and its outcomes. In addition, we also study gender as a moderator in the relationship between trustworthiness and favourability. Using a structured instrument, data were collected from 678 respondents in a cosmopolitan city in northern part of India and analysed after checking the psychometric properties of the instrument. A conceptual model was developed and evaluated using hierarchical regression. Results showed that level of education plays a major role in changing the strength of relationship between perceived characteristics of celebrities and customer-based brand equity in terms of strength, uniqueness, and favourability of brand association. Results reveal that consumers with lower levels of education are more likely to get influenced by characteristics of celebrities when compared to consumers with higher levels of education. Apart from education, gender also plays a crucial role as a moderator in the relationship between trustworthiness and favourability. The implications are discussed.
Influence of Femoral Version on the Outcomes of Hip Arthroscopic Surgery for Femoroacetabular Impingement or Labral Tears: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Chenghui , Sun Yaying , Ding Zheci , Lin Jinrong , Luo Zhiwen , Chen Jiwu
Published: June 2021

Background:

It remains controversial whether abnormal femoral version (FV) affects the outcomes of hip arthroscopic surgery for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) or labral tears.

Purpose:

To review the outcomes of hip arthroscopic surgery for FAI or labral tears in patients with normal versus abnormal FV.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library were searched in July 2020 for studies reporting the outcomes after primary hip arthroscopic surgery for FAI or labral tears in patients with femoral retroversion (<5°), femoral anteversion (>20°), or normal FV (5°-20°). The primary outcome was the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), and secondary outcomes were the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, Hip Outcome Score–Sport-Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS), Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS), failure rate, and patient satisfaction. The difference in preoperative and postoperative scores (Δ) was also calculated when applicable.

Results:

Included in this review were 5 studies with 822 patients who underwent hip arthroscopic surgery for FAI or labral tears; there were 166 patients with retroversion, 512 patients with normal version, and 144 patients with anteversion. Patients with retroversion and normal version had similar postoperative mHHS scores (mean difference [MD], 2.42 [95% confidence interval (CI), –3.42 to 8.26]; P = .42) and ΔmHHS scores (MD, –0.70 [96% CI, –8.56 to 7.15]; P = .86). Likewise, the patients with anteversion and normal version had similar postoperative mHHS scores (MD, –3.09 [95% CI, –7.66 to 1.48]; P = .18) and ΔmHHS scores (MD, –1.92 [95% CI, –6.18 to 2.34]; P = .38). Regarding secondary outcomes, patients with retroversion and anteversion had similar ΔNAHS scores, ΔHOS-SSS scores, ΔVAS scores, patient satisfaction, and failure rates to those with normal version, although a significant difference was found between the patients with retroversion and normal version regarding postoperative NAHS scores (MD, 5.96 [95% CI, 1.66-10.26]; P = .007) and postoperative HOS-SSS scores (MD, 7.32 [95% CI, 0.19-14.44]; P = .04).

Conclusion:

The results of this review indicated that abnormal FV did not significantly influence outcomes after hip arthroscopic surgery for FAI or labral tears.
Deworming Coverage and its Predictors among Ethiopian Children Aged 24 to 59 Months: Further Analysis of EDHS 2016 Data Set
Authors: Mulaw Getahun Fentaw , Wassie Feleke Fentaw , Ahmed Seada Seid , Bamud Juhar Admama
Published: June 2021

Intestinal parasitic infections are the major public health problem globally, mostly in developing countries. World Health Organization recommends deworming to all at-risk people living in endemic areas as a prevention or intervention strategy. Therefore this study aimed to assess the deworming coverage and its predictors among Ethiopian children aged 24-59 months. The study analyzed retrospectively cross-sectional data on a weighted sample of 5,948 children aged 24-59 months nested within 645 clusters after extracting from the Ethiopian Demographic health survey. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was employed to assess the association of variables. Predictors at p-value < 0.25 were entered into the multivariable logistic regression model, and statistical significance was declared at P-value < 0.05. In this study, the prevalence of maternal reported deworming supplements among children aged 24-59 months was 15.1%. Predictive variables significantly associated with deworming supplementation include maternal media exposure, maternal control of household healthcare decisions, institutional healthcare delivery, and child vitamin-A supplementation. Having history of a diarrheal disease, maternal and paternal education, and family size were also statistically significant predictors of deworming supplements. Therefore, deworming supplementation among children is low. Maternal education and employment, paternal education, family size, decision-making process, maternal media exposure, place of delivery, vitamin-A supplementation, and a having history of diarrhea were predictors of deworming supplements. Multifaceted interventions aimed at those predictors should be given emphasis.
Postsecondary Educational Attainment and Health among Younger U.S. Adults in the “College-for-All” Era
Authors: Zajacova Anna , Lawrence Elizabeth
Published: June 2021

Population-health research has neglected differentiation within postsecondary educational attainments. This gap is critical to understanding health inequality because college experience with no degree, vocational/technical certificates, and associate degrees may affect health differently. We examine health across detailed postsecondary attainment levels. We analyze data on 14,750 respondents in Waves I and IV of the nationally representative Add Health panel spanning adolescence to ages 26 to 34. Multivariate regression and counterfactual approaches to minimize the impact of confounders estimate multiple health outcomes across postsecondary attainment levels. Compared to high school diplomas, we find significant returns to bachelor’s degrees for most health outcomes and smaller but largely significant returns to associate degrees. In contrast, adults with some college but no degree or with vocational/technical certificates do not have better physical health than high school graduates. Our findings highlight the stark differentiation within higher education as reflected by the disparate health outcomes in early adulthood.
Use of vonoprazan, a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, for the treatment of proton pump inhibitor-refractory reflux esophagitis in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Shirai Yuichiro , Kawami Noriyuki , Iwakiri Katsuhiko , Kuwana Masataka
Published: June 2021

Objective:

Proton pump inhibitor-refractory reflux esophagitis is one of the intractable conditions of systemic sclerosis for which new treatments are required. Vonoprazan is a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker and has been shown to have several advantages over conventional proton pump inhibitors, including a long duration of gastric acid suppression.

Methods:

To investigate the efficacy of vonoprazan for treating proton pump inhibitor-refractory reflux esophagitis in patients with systemic sclerosis, 10 patients with proton pump inhibitor-refractory reflux esophagitis who were switched to vonoprazan were selected from our systemic sclerosis database. Reflux esophagitis was evaluated by endoscopy, and gastroesophageal reflux disease–related symptoms were assessed by the frequency scale for the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire before and after switching from proton pump inhibitor to vonoprazan at an average interval of 3.5 [2–5.5] months.

Results:

After switching patients to vonoprazan, the endoscopic findings of reflux esophagitis were significantly improved ( p = .033), and six patients (60%) achieved mucosal healing. The total frequency scale for the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease score was also significantly decreased ( p = .043), mainly by improving the acid reflux score. Vonoprazan was well tolerated and was continued for 15.5 [11.25–23.75] months in all patients.

Conclusion:

Vonoprazan is a potential treatment option for treating proton pump inhibitor-refractory reflux esophagitis in systemic sclerosis patients.
Book review: Dalvir S. Pannu, The Sikh Heritage: Beyond Borders
Authors: Singh Chiranjiv
Published: June 2021

Dalvir S. Pannu, The Sikh Heritage: Beyond Borders. San Jose, CA: Pannu Dental Group, 2019, 416 pp., ₹5400, ISBN: 9781733293709.
Reflections on the measurement of implementation constructs
Authors: Wensing Michel
Published: June 2021

To advance research and practice, it is crucial to build on validated measures. A wide range of measures for implementation research were identified in seven systematic reviews conducted under the auspices of the project, “Advancing Implementation Science through Measure Development and Evaluation,” but many had unclear or limited measurement qualities. In this commentary, I suggest the psychometric paradigm of measurement validation may have to be reconsidered because many determinants and outcomes of interest are defined at higher levels of aggregation than the individual. Nonetheless, the practice of using non-validated measures should be reduced, and measurement validation research should be encouraged. Adaptation of existing measures to different domains, settings, and languages further adds to the need for validation research. Coordination of the development and validation of measures is required to avoid unneeded replication in some domains and lack of measures in others, and to take care that validation research remains instrumental to the purposes of implementation research and practice.

Plain language abstract: Many measures for implementation research have limited or unknown qualities. There is thus a need for better measures and targeted research is required to provide those. New studies should use measures of high-quality whenever possible.
Site effects of the Denis-Perron dam (SM-3): A case study in Eastern North America
Authors: Verret Daniel , LeBœuf Denis , Péloquin Éric
Published: June 2021

Eastern North America (ENA) is part of a region with low-to-moderate seismicity; nonetheless, some significant seismic events have occurred in the last few decades. Recent events have reemphasized the need to review ENA seismicity and ground motion models, along with continually reevaluating and updating procedures related to the seismic safety assessment of hydroelectric infrastructures, particularly large dams in Québec. Furthermore, recent researchers have shown that site-specific characteristics, topography, and valley shapes may significantly aggravate the severity of ground motions. To the best of our knowledge, very few instrumental data from actual earthquakes have been published for examining the site effects of hydroelectric dam structures located in eastern Canada. This article presents an analysis of three small earthquakes that occurred in 1999 and 2002 at the Denis-Perron (SM-3) dam. This dam, the highest in Québec, is a rockfill embankment structure with a height of 171 m and a length of 378 m; it is located in a narrow valley. The ground motion datasets of these earthquakes include the bedrock and dam crest three-component accelerometer recordings. Ground motions are analyzed both in the time and frequency domains. The spectral ratios and transfer functions obtained from these small earthquakes provide new insights into the directionality of resonant frequencies, vibration modes, and site effects for the Denis-Perron dam. The crest amplifications observed for this dam are also compared with previously published data for large dams. New statistical relationships are proposed to establish dam crest amplification on the basis of the peak ground acceleration (PGA) at the foundation.
Antimicrobial activity and physicochemical characterization of thermoplastic films based on bitter cassava starch, nanocellulose and rosemary essential oil
Authors: Araya Josette , Esquivel Marianelly , Jimenez Guillermo , Navia Diana , Poveda Luis
Published: June 2021

Extended shelf-life of many foods is a modern requirement that has been achieved by means of fossil-based plastic films despite their environmental issues. Recently, starch-based, fully biodegradable thermoplastics are gaining momentum as packaging material; however, if they are in contact with food, aspects such storage, water interaction and spoilage due to microorganisms must be considered. Essential oils are of great interest due to their antimicrobial action, so incorporating these compounds into natural polymers can promote a longer shelf life through active packaging. In this study, antibacterial activity, optical, mechanical and barrier properties of thermoplastic starch (TPS) films based on cassava starch ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) and rosemary essential oil (REO) were studied. Furthermore, the effect of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) on TPS properties were surveyed. Film mechanical properties and those related to the interaction with water, showed that the highest resistance and barrier properties corresponded to the TPS/CNC 15% film, while adding oil to the films increased morphological heterogeneity, contributed to reduce tensile strength, and increased water solubility and water vapor permeability. Likewise, TPS films containing rosemary oil showed enhanced antibacterial activity mostly against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria and A. niger fungus. Therefore, adding essential oils as natural additives favors using these biocomposites as functional packaging, and as potential replacements for single-use plastics.