bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying early changes in influenza vaccination uptake following a government funded immunisation program using a participatory community surveillance program
Authors: Moberley Sarah A , Carlson Sandra J , Durrheim David N , Dalton Craig B
Published: July 2020

Following Australia’s severe influenza season in 2017, the health departments of the states and territories commenced funding in 2018 of influenza vaccine for all children aged six months to five years. As the national immunisation register has recently been extended to include recording of vaccination for all age groups, Australia’s community-based influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance system, Flutracking, was used to explore influenza vaccine coverage in participants.
Flutracking participants respond to a weekly survey about ILI from April to October each year. Participants report their influenza vaccine status with the current year’s vaccine in the first weekly survey, and if unvaccinated (or unknown), participants are prompted with the question weekly until the end of the Flutracking season. Detailed methods for Flutracking are available elsewhere.1
Self-reported vaccine coverage by age group (<5 years, 5 to 17 years, 18 to 64 years and ≥65 years) was calculated at 21 October (timing of the final 2018 Flutracking survey) for participants who had completed at least one survey in 2018. The five-year average was calculated for the percentage vaccinated at the end of the Flutracking survey for the years 2013 to 2017, and compared to 2018.
Flutracking received ethics approval from the University of Newcastle (# 06/03/22.403) in 2006. In 2009 the program applied to the University of Newcastle to exit the ethics committee review as Flutracking had been incorporated into the national influenza surveillance system.
The total number of participants completing at least one survey increased from 18,437 in 2013 to 45,532 in 2018. Flutracking participants are more likely to be female (59.8% compared to 50.4%) and more likely to have completed a postgraduate degree (22.6% compared to 3.6%) than the general Australian population.2 A relatively large proportion of Flutracking participants are health care workers, working face to face with patients (17.5%).
Keywords: flutracking, vaccine coverage, influenza vaccine, influenza like illness, community based surveillance
PERBANDINGAN HASIL BELAJAR ANTARA MODEL PEMBELAJARAN EXAMPLES NON EXAMPLES DENGAN PEMBELAJARAN SAINTIFIK
Authors: Hestavia Ahen , Maizora Syafdi , Yensy Nurul Astuty
Published: July 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan model pembelajaran Examples Non Examples dengan pendekatan saintifik terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 14 Kota Bengkulu. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 14 Kota Bengkulu, sedangkan sampelnya yaitu siswa kelas VII.3 sebagai kelas eksperimen 2 dengan menerapkan pembelajaran saintifik dan siswa kelas VII.4 sebagai kelas eksperimen 1 dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran Examples Non Examples. Untuk analisis data menggunakan uji-t dengan data berdistribusi normal dan homogen. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai rata-rata siswa yang diajar dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Examples Non Examples lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan nilai rata-rata siswa yang diajar tanpa menggunakan pembelajaran Examples Non Examples. Hasil uji hipotesis diperoleh thitung > ttabel jadi 11,7 > 1,698 dengan = 5%. sehingga H0 ditolak maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbandingan model pembelajaran Examples Non Examples dengan pendekatan saintifik terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 14 Kota Bengkulu. Kata kunci: Hasil Belajar, Examples Non Examples, saintifik AbstractThis research aimed to know the comparison learning Examples Non Examples  with scientific learning on the study’s result of mathematics for student grade VII SMP Negeri 14 Kota Bengkulu. This research population was students grade VII SMP Negeri 14 Kota Bengkulu where as white the sample was student grade VII.3 as experiment 2 class by applying scientific learning and student grade VII.4 as experiment 1 class by applying learning Examples Non Examples. For data analysis using t-test with normal distribution of data and homogeneous. Based on the results obtained by the average value of students being taught by using learning Examples Non Examples is higher than the average student is taught without learning Examples Non Examples. Hypothesis test result obtained value tcount > ttable then 11,7  > 1,698  with   = 5%. So that H0was rejected and it can be comparison that there was comparison of learning Examples Non Examples with scientific learning on the study’s result of mathematics for student grade VII SMP Negeri 14 Kota Bengkulu.Keyword: Study’s result, Examples Non Examples, Scientific
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN CONCEPT ATTAINMENT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS MATEMATIKA SISWA SMP
Authors: Sijabat Fransisca Theresia , Muchlis Effie Efrida , Yensy Nurul Astuty
Published: July 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara penerapan model pembelajaran concept attainment sehingga dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar matematika siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Pondok Kelapa. Jenis penelitian yang dilaksanakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui lembar observasi aktivitas siswa. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII 2 SMP Negeri 1 Pondok Kelapa tahun ajaran 2017/2018 yang berjumlah 28 orang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan penerapan model pembelajaran concept attainment dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa. Peningkatan aktivitas dapat dilihat dari skor rata-rata observasi siswa siklus I, II, dan III secara berturut-turut yaitu 27,875 (cukup aktif); 36,75 (aktif); dan 43,75 (sangat aktif).Kata kunci: aktivitas belajar, model pembelajaran concept attainment. AbstractThe aim of this research was to know how to implement concept attainment learning model in order to improve student’s activity of grade VII class at Junior High School Number 1 Pondok Kelapa. The type of research was Classroom Action Research (CAR) with collecting data technique by using observation sheet of student’s activity. The Subject in this research was 28 students of class VII 2 Junior High School 1 Pondok Kelapa even semester of academic year 2017/2018. Amount of the subject in this research was 28 students. This research showed that the implementation of concept attainment learning model can improve student’s activity. The activity improvement can be seen from mean scores of student’s observation on first, second and third cycle respectively which were 27,875; 36,75; and 43,75 with their criteria that include quite active, active, and very active. Key terms: learning activity, concept attainment learning models
PERBANDINGAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN MATEMATIKA REALISTIK DAN PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK DI KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 14 KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Sari Bet Sri Anita , Maizora Syafdi , Hanifah Hanifah
Published: July 2020

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah hasil belajar peserta didik yang menggunakan Pendekatan Matematika Realistik (PMR) lebih dari hasil belajar peserta didik yang menggunakan pendekatan Saintifik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu dengan populasi seluruh peserta didik kelas VII SMPN 14 Kota Bengkulu Semester Genap Tahun Ajaran 2017/2018. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar  tes. Sampel diambil menggunakan teknik purposive sampling sehingga diperoleh kelas VII 1 sebagai kelas eksperimen dengan peserta didik yang berjumlah 29 peserta didik yang mendapat perlakuan Pendekatan Matematika Realistik (PMR) dan kelas VII 2 sebagai kelas kontrol dengan peserta didik yang berjumlah 29 peserta didik yang mendapat perlakuan Pendekatan Saintifik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang menggunakan Uji-t diperoleh nilai sig. 2 (tailed) yaitu 0,003 dengan taraf nyata (?) = 5%, sehingga nilai sig.2(tailed) < ?. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil belajar matematika siswa menggunakan Pendekatan Matematika Realistik (PMR) lebih tinggi dari hasil belajar matematika siswa yang menggunakan Pendekatan Saintifik di kelas VII SMPN 14 Kota Bengkulu.Kata Kunci: Hasil belajar matematika, Pendekatan Matematika Realistik, Pendekatan Saintifik. ABSTRACTThis research was aimed at investigating whether of the students learning result using Realistic Mathematic Approach more than students learning result using Scientific Approach. This research was quasi-experimental and the total population were the entire students of Grade VII Junior High School 14 Bengkulu, odd semester academic year of 2017/2018. The instrument used for data collection in this study is a test sheet. The samples were collected by using purposive sampling technique in that there were the class of VII 1 as the experiment one with total students of 29 treated by Realistic Mathematic Approach and the class of VII 2 as the control class with the total students of 29 treated by Scientific Approach. Based on the data analysis using t-test were found sig.2(tailed) 0,003 with the significance level (?) = 5%, hence the sig.2(tailed) < ?. Therefore, it could be concluded that the result of learning mathematics student used realistic mathematics approach more than the result of learning mathematics student used Scientific approach in class VII SMPN 14 Bengkulu.Keyword: Result of learning mathematics, Realistic Mathematics approach, Scientific approach
DESKRIPSI HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA PESERTA DIDIK MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) PADA KELAS VIII
Authors: Wulandari Hesti , Hanifah Hanifah , Maizora Syafdi
Published: July 2020

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hasil belajar matematika peserta didik kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Kota Bengkulu dengan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif (Descriptive Research). Sampel diambil dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas VIII F SMP Negeri 2 Kota Bengkulu Tahun Ajaran 2017/2018 yang berjumlah 34 orang peserta didik. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar tes dan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) pada materi lingkaran. Berdasarkan hasil deskriptif hasil belajar matematika peserta didik menggunakan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar peserta didik menjadi lebih meningkat. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan rata-rata hasil nilai LKPD menggunakan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning yaitu 89,63 dan rata-rata nilai tes yaitu 84,56.Kata Kunci : Deskriptif, Hasil Belajar Belajar, Problem Based LearningABSTRACTThe aim of this research was to describe the results of learning mathematics students VIII grade SMP Negeri 2 Kota Bengkulu with Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model. This research was a descriptive research (Descriptive Research). The sample was taken by using purposive sampling technique, the sample of this research was the students of class VIII F SMP Negeri 2 Kota Bengkulu academic year 2017/2018 with 34 students. The instruments that used for data collection in this research were test sheet and Student Worksheet on the circle material. Based on the results of descriptive mathematics learning outcomes of students using Problem Based Learning the learning outcomes of students were more increased. This research was done by avarage value of LKPD using Problem Based Learning is 89,63 and the avarage test score 84,56. Keywords: Descriptive, Learning Outcomes Learning, Problem Based Learning
PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK (LKPD) DENGAN PEDEKATAN SAINTIFIK PADA MATERI STATISTIKA DI SMA NEGERI 4 KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Jaya Sukma , Maizora Syafdi , Muchlis Effie Efrida
Published: July 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD)  dengan Pendekatan Saintifik pada Materi Statistika di SMA Negeri 4 Kota Bengkulu yang memenuhi kriteria valid, praktis, dan efektif. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan menggunakan prosedur pengembangan 4-D Thiagarajan yaitu tahap pendefinisian (define), tahap perancangan (design), dan tahap pengembangan (develop) yang terdiri dari uji validitas, uji kepraktisan, dan uji efektivitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) LKPD dengan Pendekatan Saintifik pada materi Statistika di SMA Negeri 4 Kota Bengkulu termasuk dalam kategori sangat valid dari aspek materi, konstruksi dan bahasa dengan skor rata-rata 4,56; (2) LKPD dengan Pendekatan Saintifik pada Statistika di SMA Negeri 4 Kota Bengkulu termasuk dalam kategori sangat praktis dengan skor rata-rata 4,26; (3) LKPD dengan Pendekatan Saintifik pada Statistika di SMA Negeri 4 Kota Bengkulu termasuk dalam kategori sangat efektif dengan skor rata-rata 4,61.Kata Kunci : Penelitian Pengembangan, Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD), Pendekatan Saintifik AbstractThis research aimed to produce students’ Worksheet with  Scientific Approach on Statistic  at SMA N 4 Bengkulu City that are valid, practical, and effective. The instruments of this research study were the validated students’ worksheet, the practical students’ worksheet, and the effective students’ worksheet. This research was a developmental research (Research and Development) use procedures 4-D Thiagarajan which are defining, designing, and developing that consisted of validity, practicaility and effectiveness test. The results of research study showed that: (1) Students’ Worksheet with  Scientific Approach on Statistic at SMA N 4 Bengkulu City was very valid from the aspect of material, construction, and languages with an average score about 4,56; (2) Students’ Worksheet with on Scientific Approach on Statistic at SMA N 4 Bengkulu City was very practical with an average score about 4.26, (3) Students’ Worksheet with on Scientific Approach on Statistic at SMA N 4 Bengkulu City was very effective with an average score about 4.61.Keywords : Research and Development, Student Worksheet, Scientific Approach
DESKRIPSI KESALAHAN SISWA SMP DALAM MENGIDENTIFIKASI SEGI EMPAT BERDASARKAN SIFAT SISI DAN SUDUT
Authors: Oktavia Reni , Maizora Syafdi , Rusdi Rusdi
Published: July 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis kesalahan siswa kelas VII di SMP IT Iqra’ Kota Bengkulu dalam mengidentifikasi segiempat berdasarkan sifat sisi dan sudut. Jenis penelitian yang dilaksanakan adalah penelitian deskriptif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIIA dan VIIF SMP IT Iqra’ Kota Bengkulu tahun akademik 2016/2017 yang terdiri dari 58 orang. Instrumen  penelitian  yang  digunakan  adalah  lembar validasi dan hasil tes. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa dari pengumpulan data hasil tes diagnostik secara keseluruhan kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh siswa adalah kesalahan konsep yaitu (1) siswa salah dalam mengidentifikasi segi empat  berdasarkan sifat sehadap dan panjang sisi; (2) siswa salah dalam mengidentifikasi segi empat  berdasarkan sifat sudut-sudut yang berhadapan tidak sama besar. Kata  Kunci  :  Penelitian Deskriptif,  Segi empat .  Abstract The aims of this study was to find out type of error in identifying the properties of the rectangular wake properties. The type of research conducted is descriptive research. Subjects in this study were students of grade VIIA and VIIF at SMP IT Iqra’ City of Bengkulu of  academic year 2016/2017 consisting of 58 people. The instruments of this study were validation sheets and test results. The results of this study can be concluded that the data collection of diagnostic test results as whole error made by students is a concept error that is: 1) the student is wrong in identifying the rectangular based on side-facing and side-lenght; 2) the student is wrong in identifying the rectangular based on the nature of the corner.Keywords : Descriptive research, quadrangle
EFEKTIFITAS LEMBAR KERJA SISWA DENGAN PENDEKATAN KONTEKSTUAL DI KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 13 KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Yolanda Melan , Yensy Nurul Astuty , Siagian Teddy
Published: July 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan lembar kerja siswa berbasis pendekatan kontekstual pada materi kubus, balok, prisma dan limas di kelas VIII SMP Negeri 13 Kota Bengkulu yang memiliki kriteria efektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan  model pengembangan 4D yang dimodifikasi menjadi 3D yang meliputi pendefinisian (define), perancangan (design) dan pengembangan (develop). Instrumen penilaian dalam penelitian ini menggunakan lembar pengamatan aktivitas siswa, lembar angket respon siswa, dan tes hasil belajar siswa. Hasil penelitian ini didapat lembar kerja siswa berbasis pendekatan kontekstual pada materi kubus, balok, prisma dan limas di kelas VIII SMP Negeri 13 Kota Bengkulu yang memiliki kriteria efektif dengan nilai efektivitas sebesar 4,42.Kata kunci : Pendekatan Kontekstual, Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) AbstractThis study aimed to produce mathematics student worksheet based on contextual Approaches on cubes, beams, prisms and pyramid Material in Class VIII of SMPN 13 Bengkulu City that has effectiveness. This research used 4D development model that is modified into 3D which includes define, design and development. Assessment instruments in this study used student activity observation sheet, student response questionnaire, and test result sheet. The results of this study obtained a student worksheet based on a contextual approach on the material of cubes, beams, prisms and pyramid in class VIII SMPN 13 Bengkulu city which has effective criteria with effectiveness test score 4,42. Keywords : contextual approach, student worksheet
Budget impact analysis of extended half-life recombinant factor IX (rFIXFc) in the treatment of haemophilia B
Authors: Aiello Andrea , Mancuso Maria Elisa , Colombo Alessio , Teruzzi Cristina , Berto Patrizia
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Prophylaxis with factor IX (FIX) concentrates, produced by recombinant DNA technology (rFIX) or human plasma-derived concentrates, is the treatment of choice for haemophilia B (HB); rFIX covalently fused to the Fc domain of human immunoglobulin G1 (rFIXFc) allows for prophylaxis/treatment with one infusion every 7-14 days. The purpose of this study is to quantify the financial impact of prophylaxis with rFIXFc vs. other approved rFIX and reimbursed for treatment of HB in Italy.

Methods: The number of patients was estimated according to Italian epidemiological data and use of rFIX. Dose and frequency of administration used for weekly prophylaxis were those recommended in the Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC), while clinical trials and literature data were used to calculate bleeding rates and management. Drug costs were calculated using regional ex-factory net prices. In the model, a reference scenario (Reference) vs. an alternative scenario (Alternative) were created to account for introduction of rFIXFc, estimating an increasing trend of the market share of rFIXFc in a 3-year timeframe. The analysis was developed in the perspective of the National Health Service and included healthcare costs related to rFIX for prophylaxis and resolution of bleeding events.

Results: The model estimated an overall cumulative expenditure (years 1-3) of €209,453,646 for the Reference and €207,465,568 for Alternative scenarios, with calculated cumulative savings of €1,988,068.

Conclusions: The increasing use of rFIXFc as a substitute for other rFIX concentrates in the treatment of HB can represent a financially viable choice for the Italian National Health Service while ensuring effective control of bleeding.
Effects of α-tocopherol on hemolysis and oxidative stress markers on red blood cells in β-thalassemia major
Authors: Sovira Nora , Lubis Munar , Wahidiyat Pustika Amalia , Suyatna Franciscus D. , Gatot Djajadiman , Bardosono Saptawati , Sadikin Mohammad
Published: July 2020

Background: The accumulation of unpaired α-globin chains in patients with β-thalassemia major may clinically create ineffective erythropoiesis, hemolysis, and chronic anemia. Multiple blood transfusions and iron overload cause cellular oxidative damage. However, α-tocopherol, an antioxidant, is a potent scavenger of lipid radicals in the membranes of red blood cells (RBCs) of patients with β-thalassemia major.Purpose: To evaluate the effects of α-tocopherol on hemolysis and oxidative stress markers on the RBC membranes of patients with β-thalassemia major.Methods: Forty subjects included in this randomized controlled trial were allocated to the placebo and α-tocopherol groups. Doses of α-tocopherol were based on Institute of Medicine recommendations: 4–8 years old, 200 mg/day; 9–13 years old, 400 mg/day; 14–18 years old, 600 mg/day. Hemolysis, oxidative stress, and antioxidant variables were evaluated before and after 4-week α-tocopherol or placebo treatment, performed before blood transfusions.Results: Significant enhancements in plasma haptoglobin were noted in the α-tocopherol group (3.01 mg/dL; range, 0.60–42.42 mg/dL; P=0.021). However, there was no significant intergroup difference in osmotic fragility test results; hemopexin, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione (GSH), or oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels; or GSH/GSSG ratio.Conclusion: Use of α-tocopherol could indirectly improve hemolysis and haptoglobin levels. However, it played no significant role in oxidative stress or as an endogen antioxidant marker in β-thalassemia major.
Stable isotopes of amino acids from reef fishes uncover Suess and nitrogen enrichment effects on local ecosystems
Authors: Sabadel AJM , Durante LM , Wing SR
Published: July 2020

In 1979, the Suess effect was described as decreasing δ13C in the oceans linked to anthropogenic CO2 emissions. After years of over-fertilization of farming soils and runoff, we hypothesized that δ15N in coastal environments would also decline, whereby synthetic fertilizers lead to depletion of the heavy isotope 15N. We used museum-preserved and modern samples of 3 fishes from Otago, New Zealand, to reconstruct the isotopic baselines of C and N and assess specific trophic positions through time (1955-present) based on bulk and amino acid stable isotope values. Our sample set included Odax pullus, a strictly herbivorous species, and 2 commercially important species: Nemadactylus macropterus and Parapercis colias. Muscle tissue of the fishes recorded the change in δ13CBulk through time, which matched estimated Suess effect values for New Zealand. We also resolved the effects on the C isotopic baseline from natural changes in the food web using analysis of the δ13C of essential amino acids and found that while P. colias maintained a steady diet, the food web position of N. macropterus likely changed. Analysis of δ15N of phenylalanine in O. pullus indicated a decrease of 0.023‰ yr-1 since 1955, which corroborates our coastal N-enrichment hypothesis. Furthermore, we found that isotopic changes for N. macropterus were consistent with overfishing and habitat degradation in the region. These data provide vital information for our resolution and understanding of how past environments have changed in terms of both anthropogenic influences on coastal food web structure and biogeochemical cycles of C and N in marine ecosystems.
Distribution of Atlantidae species (Gastropoda: Pterotracheoidea) during an El Niño event in the Southern California Current System (summer-fall 2015)
Authors: Aceves-Medina G , Moreno-Alcántara M , Durazo R , Delgado-Hofmann D
Published: July 2020

Atlantids are holoplanktonic gastropods present in tropical to sub-polar waters, and have gained an increasing interest due to their potential use as biological indicators of climate change and ocean acidification. However, there is a lack of information regarding their distribution for large areas of some oceans, particularly in the California Current System (CCS), which has been used as a model for many acidification studies and where intense warming events occur. The distribution patterns of 18 species of Atlantidae off the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico, representing 90% of the atlantid species registered for the Pacific Ocean, were analyzed during a period of warm anomalies associated with the El Niño of 2015-2016 and the 2014-2016 marine heat wave (MHW). The species distribution showed 3 groups: 2 in the north (coastal and oceanic) and 1 in the south. The limit of distribution between these 3 groups was found in the vicinity of Punta Eugenia (PE). The southernmost community of atlantids was characterized by tropical and subtropical species that were transported northward due to coastal advection of warm waters associated with the El Niño of 2015-2016. North of PE, the warm-water affinity oceanic speciesAtlanta roseaandA. fragiliswere found, evidencing the entrance of water from the Central Pacific related to MHW which affected the oceanic region off the coast of PE. The response of the distribution patterns proves that atlantids can be used as biological indicators, as they reflect the effect of environmental anomalies in the southern CCS.
THE IMPROVEMENT, UTILIZATION AND PRODUCTION OF LOW ALTITUDE TUSSOCK COUNTRY IN OTAGO
Authors: Ludecke T.E. , Molloy B.P.J.
Published: July 2020

IN THIS PAPER it is planned to review research work in Central Otago and the work carried out at Tara Hills High Country Research Station, Omarama, prior to 1966, into the improvement of low altitude tussock country, the utilization of this improved country and the increases in production which can occur. Discussion will mainly be concerned with the improvement of tussock country in areas where the rainfall is greater than 20 in. per annum and where clovers can be introduced by oversowing. Lucerne is the legume suited to areas where the rainfall is less than 20 in.
THE IMPROVEMENT AND UTILIZATION OF TUSSOCK GRASSLANDS: A SCIENTIST'S VIEWPOINT
Authors: O'Connor K.F.
Published: July 2020

THERE has been a large increase in the volume of facts about tussock grassland improvement in the last few years. Although facts are important to the scientist, he is not merely a facts-gatherer. He also makes general statements. In the tradition of Anglo-Saxon logic formulated by John Stuart Mill, the scientist derives these general statements from the facts by the process called induction. Nobel Prizewinner for Medicine, Dr P. B. Medawar, questions this traditional assumption. He claims that "truth takes shape in the mind of the observer: it is his imaginative grasp of what might be true that provides the incentive for finding out, so far as he can what is true." If this imaginative idea of truth still fits the facts after rigorous testing, then it is a good idea and the facts themselves can be conveniently forgotten. Paradoxically, therefore, the factual burden of a science grows less as a science matures. As a science advances, "particular facts are comprehended within and therefore in a sense annihilated by general statements of steadily increasing explanatory power and compass".
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE VALUE OF PASTORAL DEVELOPMENT IN NORTHLAND
Authors: Mcarthur A.T.G. , Sanderson K.T.
Published: July 2020

THIS PAPER presents the results of an economic study of farm development in Northland.* In this study, records were collected of 32 dairy farm case histories which had increased butterfat production by 105% in an average of 6 years, and 18 sheep farm case histories for which wool production increased 116% over a 7-year period. Also included are data supplied by the Lands and Survey Department on the economic outcome of two land development blocks. Before presentation of these results of phenomenal technical progress, some points about the meaning of value of development require clarification.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRIVATE SHEEP FARMS IN NORTHLAND: 2. The Adviser's Viewpoint
Authors: Currie J.D.
Published: July 2020

THE Northland flock is increasing rapidly. The sheep population reflects the progress made in pasture development over the past fourteen years, the two million sheep wintered this year representing a remarkable 200% increase in numbers since 1953. It is the initiative of progressive farmers in pioneering improved management techniques, and the courage of the Lands and Survey Department in implementing these methods on a large scale, and with such convincing success, that have shown the way. But it is only during the last three favourable growth years that the extension message of more fertilizer and lime, and, above all, more stock, has been widely accepted. Fertilizer sales have doubled over this three-year period, and sheep owners (of which there are 1,000 with 500 or more sheep), reached a climax this year when they increased their flocks by three times the national average.
PASTURE SPECIES FOR NORTHLAND
Authors: Lambert J.P.
Published: July 2020

UNDER the usual management system, pasture surpluses are converted into fodder for feeding in periods of shortage, and sheep or cattle are grazed on pastures most of the year. It is this type of management which influences the present evaluation of pasture species. Whether this outlook is to continue is debatable, but it can be said that the potential production of many species is rarely achieved in practice.
IRRIGATION
Authors: Lobb W.R.
Published: July 2020

REFERENCE to irrigation in Canterbury generally implies flood irrigation, although there is also a very big investment in sprinkler systems jotted throughout the area and some mention must be made of these.
PERFORMANCE AND POTENTIAL USE OF SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER STRAINS IN NEW ZEALAND
Authors: Smetham M.L.
Published: July 2020

Commenting on the discovery of subterranean clover in New South Wales in 1896, Mr Maiden, Botanist to the State Government, wrote : "This is not an introduction which need render us uncomfortable." In making this statement, he could scarcely have foreseen that there would be an estimated 20 to 30 million acres of sown subterranean clover pastures in Australia by the 1950s (Davies, 1952).
PASTURE SPECIES AND THElR PERFORMANCE IN THE WAIRARAPA
Authors: Rumball W.
Published: July 2020

An outline is given of trials in the Wairarapa of the currently available pasture species, and also of prospective new varieties. Attempts to bleed new varieties specially suited to the dry east coast hill pastures are described. ln spaced-plant trials of ryegrass and cocksfoot, the overseas material was rarely as good as thalt collected or bred in New Zealand, In Phduris, however, the best lines were usually from Portugal and Australia. Most Mediterranean lines could also provide genes for winter growth. Future stages of the project are discussed.
THE PROGRESS OF GRASSLAND RESEARCH IN BRITAIN DURING THE LAST DECADE
Authors: Woodford E.K.
Published: July 2020

GRASS still occupies about 65% of the agricultural land of the islands that make up the United Kingdom. The research effort devoted to all aspects of its growth and utilization is considerable and is carried out by many official organizations, by large commercial firms, and by a few farmers. A review of the progress during the last decade, if confined to the limits of a single paper, is in consequence likely to be biased- in the direction of the writer's own interests. I confess at the start that this review is based largely on my experiences at the Grassland Research Institute at Hurley during the last five years and draws freely on the thoughts and recollections of several of my senior colleagues.
SOILS AND FARMING PATTERNS OF THE CENTRAL PUMICE REGION
Authors: Gordon R.B.
Published: July 2020

TAUPO has evolved as a region of New Zealand with unique features. The volcanic ash covered some 9,000 square miles and the soils which developed, though young in geological age, were found to be highly suited to both exotic timber production and, eventually, pastoral use. Taupo is the fount of that valuable resource - water, a vital element fully exploited by man for both electricity and trout fishing.
PRESENT AND FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR FORESTRY IN THE CENTRAL PUMICE REGION
Authors: Ure J.
Published: July 2020

The region contains half the area of exotic forest in New Zealand and the major industries dependent thereon. Both are expanding rapidly to meet promising export markets. Local conditions are particularly favourable for this form of primary production and continued expansion is expected.
KINERJA APARATUR DINAS PERDAGANGAN KOPERASI DAN USAHA KECIL MENENGAH DALAM PELESTARIAN TENUN IKAT DI KABUPATEN SIKKA PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
Authors: Sina Irmgard Y. N. , Tefa Gradiana
Published: July 2020

The tie Weaving of Sikka is a cultural heritage that currently it’s preservation is not really famous among woman in Sikka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. This research aims to determine the performance of the apparatus Department of Trade Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in elevate people awareness to preserve the tie weaving of Sikka, also to know the inhibiting factors and efforts already made by the department. The method used is descriptive research method with inductive approach. Data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and documentation

The results shows that in the field is the preservation already running, but there are still some inhibiting factors. Besides the efforts of the government, the weavers must have an active participation in this preservation process so as to achieve the purpose of the process is to be achieved.
Padovan numbers which are palindromic concatenations of two distinct repdigits
Authors: Chalebgwa Taboka , Ddamulira Mahadi
Published: July 2020

In this paper we determine all Padovan numbers that are palindromic concatenations of two repdigits.
Perrin numbers which are concatenations of two distinct repdigits
Authors: Chalebgwa Toboka , Ddamulira Mahadi
Published: July 2020

We determine all Perrin numbers that are concatenations of two repdigits.
Nuclear Factor-Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) and Mitochondrial Dynamics/Mitophagy in Neurological Diseases
Authors: Kang Tae-Cheon
Published: July 2020

Mitochondria play an essential role in bioenergetics and respiratory functions for cell viability through numerous biochemical processes. To maintain mitochondria quality control and homeostasis, mitochondrial morphologies change rapidly in response to external insults and changes in metabolic status through fusion and fission (so called mitochondrial dynamics). Furthermore, damaged mitochondria are removed via a selective autophagosomal process, referred to as mitophagy. Although mitochondria are one of the sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS), they are themselves vulnerable to oxidative stress. Thus, endogenous antioxidant defense systems play an important role in cell survival under physiological and pathological conditions. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a redox-sensitive transcription factor that maintains redox homeostasis by regulating antioxidant-response element (ARE)-dependent transcription and the expression of antioxidant defense enzymes. Although the Nrf2 system is positively associated with mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial quality control, the relationship between Nrf2 signaling and mitochondrial dynamics/mitophagy has not been sufficiently addressed in the literature. This review article describes recent clinical and experimental observations on the relationship between Nrf2 and mitochondrial dynamics/mitophagy in various neurological diseases.
Interaction of 2,6,7-Trihydroxy-Xanthene-3-Ones with Iron and Copper, and Biological Effect of the Most Active Derivative on Breast Cancer Cells and Erythrocytes
Authors: Mladěnka Přemysl , Karlíčková Jana , Hrubša Marcel , Veljović Elma , Muratović Samija , Carazo Alejandro , Shivling Mali Akash , Špirtović-Halilović Selma , Saso Luciano , Pour Milan , Durić Kemal
Published: July 2020

Metal chelators can be potentially employed in the treatment of various diseases, ranging from metal overload to neoplastic conditions. Some xanthene derivatives were previously reported to complex metals. Thus, in a search for a novel iron or copper chelator, a series of 9-(substituted phenyl)-2,6,7-trihydroxy-xanthene-3-ones was tested using a competitive spectrophotometric approach. The most promising compound was evaluated in biological models (breast adenocarcinoma cell lines and erythrocytes). In general, substitution of the benzene ring in position 9 had a relatively low effect on the chelation. Only the trifluoromethyl substitution resulted in stronger chelation, probably via a positive effect on solvation. All compounds chelated iron, but their copper-chelating effect was only minimal, since it was no longer observed under highly competitive conditions. Interestingly, all compounds reduced both iron and copper. Additional experiments showed that the trifluoromethyl derivative protected erythrocytes and even cancer cells against excess copper. In summary, the tested compounds are iron chelators, which are also capable of reducing iron/copper, but the copper-reducing effect is not associated with increased copper toxicity.
Human Skeleton Data Augmentation for Person Identification over Deep Neural Network
Authors: Kwon Beom , Lee Sanghoon
Published: July 2020

With the advancement in pose estimation techniques, skeleton-based person identification has recently received considerable attention in many applications. In this study, a skeleton-based person identification method using a deep neural network (DNN) is investigated. In this method, anthropometric features extracted from the human skeleton sequence are used as the input to the DNN. However, training the DNN with insufficient training datasets makes the network unstable and may lead to overfitting during the training phase, causing significant performance degradation in the testing phase. To cope with a shortage in the dataset, we investigate novel data augmentation for skeleton-based person identification by utilizing the bilateral symmetry of the human body. To achieve this, augmented vectors are generated by sharing the anthropometric features extracted from one side of the human body with the other and vice versa. Thereby, the total number of anthropometric feature vectors is increased by 256 times, which enables the DNN to be trained while avoiding overfitting. The simulation results demonstrate that the average accuracy of person identification is remarkably improved up to 100% based on the augmentation on public datasets.
Proceedings of the 2019 NanoFlorida International Conference Held at the University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
Authors: Mohapatra Shyam S. , Frisina Robert D. , Mohapatra Subhra , Singh Mandip , Phan Manh-Huong
Published: July 2020

The nanotechnology revolution embodies an interdisciplinary approach and is bringing scientists together from nearly every area of scientific study [...]
A Semi-Analytical Load Distribution Model for Cycloid Drives with Tooth Profile and Longitudinal Modifications
Authors: Zhang Ting , Li Xuan , Wang Yawen , Sun Lining
Published: July 2020

The current load distribution model for cycloid drives based on the Hertz contact stiffness typically assumes a two-dimensional planar problem without considering the tooth longitudinal modification effects, which fails to comply with the practical situation. In this paper, this issue is clarified by developing a semi-analytical load distribution model based on a three-dimensional and linear elastic solution. Unloaded tooth contact analysis is introduced to determine the instantaneous mesh information. The tooth compliance model considering tooth contact deformation is established by combining the Boussinesq force–displacement relationships in elastic half-space with an influence coefficient method. With this, the loads, contact patterns, and loaded transmission error are calculated by enforcing the compatibility and equilibrium conditions. Comparisons to predictions made with the assumption of Hertz contact stiffness are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model, which shows good agreement. At the end, the effect of tooth longitudinal modifications on load distributions is investigated along with various loading conditions. This study yields an in-depth understanding of the multi-tooth contact characteristics of cycloid drives and provides an effective tool for extensive parameter sensitivity analysis and design optimization studies.
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Driving Phobia Disorder: System Design and Development
Authors: Trappey Amy , Trappey Charles V. , Chang Chia-Ming , Kuo Routine R.T. , Lin Aislyn P.C. , Nieh C.H.
Published: July 2020

Driving phobia is an anxiety disorder. People are greatly impaired in their daily lives when suffering from driving phobia disorders. The anxieties can be triggered under various conditions, such as driving over bridges, driving at high speeds, or driving in close proximity to large trucks. Traditional cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and exposure therapy are the most common approaches used in the treatment of psychological disorders, such as anxiety disorder (AD) and panic disorder (PD). This research focuses on virtual reality (VR)-based exposure therapy, called VRET, and describes the design and development of a system which uses alternating levels of fear-based driving scenarios that can be recorded and automatically adjusted to maximize exposure effectiveness without causing the subjects to panic. The proposed VRET integrates an advanced feedback database module for tracing and analyzing the system, along with the user’s bio-data to show the valid data collection of the system and its effectiveness for future use in clinical trials. The research conducts a system’s pre-test analysis using 31 subjects to demonstrate the effectiveness of the system. This research demonstrates the systematic development of the VRET for driving phobia disorder by depicting the system framework, key system modules, system integration, bio-database management, and pre-test data analysis to support our next research efforts in hospital-based clinical trials and for additional VRET development applications for clinical psychology.
Effects of the FEL Fluctuations on the 2s2p Li+ Auto-Ionization Lineshape
Authors: Katravulapally Tejaswi , Nikolopoulos Lampros A. A.
Published: July 2020

The photoionization of Lithium (Li+) via its doubly-excited state 2s2p 1P in intense free electron laser (FEL) radiation is studied. A recently developed perturbative statistical description of the atomic dynamics is used to calculate the ionization yield. It is observed that the FEL temporal fluctuations affect the lineshape significantly, strongly dependent on the product of the pulse’s coherence time with its intensity, ∼τcI0, which is a measure of the effect of the field in one correlation time. The weak-field long-pulse asymmetric resonant Fano-profile is broadened to resemble a Voight profile. As the intensity increases, the subsequent ionization of Li2+ takes over and causes further distortion of the lineshape for Li+.
Intrinsic Type 1 Interferon (IFN1) Profile of Uncultured Human Bone Marrow CD45lowCD271+ Multipotential Stromal Cells (BM-MSCs): The Impact of Donor Age, Culture Expansion and IFNα and IFNβ Stimulation
Authors: Ganguly Payal , Burska Agata , Davis Charlotte , El-Jawhari Jehan J. , Giannoudis Peter V. , Jones Elena
Published: July 2020

Skeletal aging is associated with reduced proliferative potential of bone marrow (BM) multipotential stromal cells (MSCs). Recent data suggest the involvement of type 1 interferon (IFN1) signalling in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) senescence. Considering that BM-HSCs and BM-MSCs share the same BM niche, we investigated IFN1 expression profile in human BM-MSCs in relation to donor age, culture-expansion and IFN1 (α and β) stimulation. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting was used to purify uncultured BM-MSCs from younger (19–41, n = 6) and older (59–89, n = 6) donors based on the CD45lowCD271+ phenotype, and hematopoietic-lineage cells (BM-HLCs, CD45+CD271−) were used as controls. Gene expression was analysed using integrated circuits arrays in sorted fractions as well as cultured/stimulated BM-MSCs and Y201/Y202 immortalised cell lines. IFN1 stimulation led to BM-MSC growth arrest and upregulation of many IFN1-stimulated genes (ISGs), with IFNβ demonstrating stronger effects. Uncultured MSCs were characterised by a moderate-level ISG expression similar to Y201 cells. Age-related changes in ISG expression were negligible in BM-MSCs compared to BM-HLCs, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in BM-MSCs did not significantly correlate with donor age. Antiaging genes Klotho and SIRT6 correlated with more ISGs in BM-MSCs than in BM-HLCs. In patients with osteoarthritis (OA), BM-MSCs expressed considerably lower levels of several ISGs, indicating that their IFN1 signature is affected in a pathological condition. In summary, BM-MSCs possess homeostatic IFN1 gene expression signature in health, which is sensitive to in vitro culture and external IFN1 stimulation. IFN signalling may facilitate in vivo BM-MSC responses to DNA damage and combating senescence and aberrant immune activation.
Ectopic Expression of Hematopoietic SHIP1 in Human Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Schaks Matthias , Allgoewer Kristina , Nelson Nina , Ehm Patrick , Heumann Asmus , Ewald Florian , Schumacher Udo , Simon Ronald , Sauter Guido , Jücker Manfred
Published: July 2020

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease that results from the accumulation of mutations in colonic mucosa cells. A subclass of CRC is characterized by microsatellite instability, which is thought to occur mainly through inactivation of the DNA mismatch repair genes MLH1 and MSH2. The inositol 5-phosphatase SHIP1 is expressed predominantly in hematopoietic cells. In this study, the expression of SHIP1 in carcinomas and its putative correlation with clinicopathologic parameters, expression of DNA repair genes and microsatellite instability was investigated. By analyzing a multi-tumor tissue microarray, expression of SHIP1 was detected in 48 out of 72 cancer entities analyzed. The expression of SHIP1 protein of 145 kDa was confirmed by Western blot analysis in 7 out of 14 carcinoma cell lines. Analysis of a large colorectal cancer tissue microarray with 1009 specimens revealed SHIP1 expression in 62% of the samples analyzed. SHIP1 expression was inversely correlated with lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion and tumor grade, and it was positively associated with left-sided tumor localization. Interestingly, a strong relationship between the expression of SHIP1 and nuclear and membranous beta-catenin and the DNA repair genes MLH1 and MSH2 was observed.