bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRPV4-Gemma-3B: A Method for Discovering Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 Inhibitors Based on Causal Language Model
Authors: Li YuLin , Liu Yang , Ji Ye , Liu Dan-Dan , Hu Junjie , Wu Peng , Yang Guang
Published: December 2024

Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) functions as a multimodally activated Ca$^{2+}$ permeable, non-selective cation channel involved in osmotic and mechanical cue transduction, playing a significant role in joint pain and inflammatory responses in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). The deep learning-driven approach has already been applied to the research of TRPV4 and its inhibitors. Large language models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in knowledge transfer and downstream tasks, performing excellently even on small datasets of inhibitors. A fine-tuned model, TRPV4-Gemma-3B, was used to generate candidate molecules for de novo design of TRPV4 inhibitors. Additionally, our candidate screening protocol employs standard evaluation methods in small molecule drug discovery, including assessments of drug-likeness, synthetic accessibility, and target-ligand binding affinity. By combining affinity data and molecular fragments, we compared the differences between the sample data and the content generated by TRPV4-Gemma-3B. This further validated that our fine-tuned model successfully captured the structural characteristics of TRPV4 inhibitor molecules. We further validated the affinity between the molecules designed by TRPV4-Gemma-3B and the target using molecular dynamics methods, which also strengthened the reliability of our fine-tuned Gemma-based tool in redesigning TRPV4 inhibitors. In future work, further integrating reinforcement learning and multi-agent approaches to incorporate the diverse structural characteristics exhibited by inhibitor molecules into the alignment of large models will also be of significant importance.
Heteroatom-Substituted Re-Flashed Graphene
Authors: Scotland Phelecia , Eddy Lucas , Chen Jinhang , Chen Weiyin , Beckham Jacob , Choi Chi , Advincula Paul , Wyss Kevin , Savas Paul , Castelli Lorenzo , Lathem Alexander , Onah Obinna , Wehmeyer Geoff , Han Yimo , Tour James
Published: December 2024

Flash Joule heating is an ultrafast, energy-efficient, and scalable technique used in the production of a variety of organic and inorganic compounds, including flash graphene. This technique has also been used in the production of doped graphene by flash Joule heating amorphous carbon in the presence of heteroatom-donating compounds. Herein, we report a modified flash Joule heating technique by which graphene is formed with up to 21 at% of the graphene lattice containing substituted heteroatoms. This is achieved by re-flashing graphene in the presence of heteroatom-donating compounds, allowing this substitution to occur at lower temperatures than previously reported for flash Joule heating-synthesized doped graphene and thereby permitting much higher amounts of heteroatom insertion into the graphene lattice. We demonstrate nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and fluorine atom atomic substitution into or upon the graphene lattice, as well as multi-heteroatom substitution. Finally, the implementation of the nitrogen-substituted re-flashed graphene into battery anodes exhibits improved performance and stability relative to unsubstituted re-flashed graphene battery anodes.
A new Constructed Wetland design for enhanced nitrogen recovery, footprint reduction and process intensification
Authors: Soret Rémi , Fontaine Paul-Etienne
Published: December 2024

Nutrient recovery is a way to reduce water scarcity. Constructed Wetlands (CW) could be of interest to manage and recover nitrogen from high-load composting leachates. However, they require large treatment area which limits their spread to industries lacking available surfaces. In this study, a Verticalized SubSurface Flow constructed Wetland (VSSFW) offering 2.7 m² of treatment surface on 0.9 m² footprint was designed and compared to a 0.75 m² footprint Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (VFCW) of same packing-bed volume using a test solution simulating diluted composting leachates. The VSSFW showed higher performances for reducing NH4-N and P concentrations (RE (%) = 98.3 and 95.3 % respectively), and converting NH4-N to NO3-N (conversion rate of 1 : 0.56) than the VFCW (RE (%) = 59.2 and 46.3 % respectively, conversion rate of 1 : 0.14). The nitrate-concentrated solution obtained after treatment held 2.95 / 110 / 19.5 mg .L-1 NH4-N / NO3-N / P concentrations and could have interest for uses as fertilizer and hydroponic feeding solution. Intensification techniques in the form of microbubbles aeration and addition of external carbon (CaCO3) were afterward applied on the VSSFW. The intensified VSSFW showed higher performances (RENH4-N (%) = 97.5 % in 24h only, conversion rate 1 : 0.91), and a quicker production of final nitrate-concentrated solutions. The intensified VSSFW performed 16.5 times higher than the average CW.
Ketenimines as Aza-Dienophiles
Authors: DeAngelis Christopher J. , Goyal Geeta , Liss Marshall J. , Budwitz Jessica E. , Herlihy Mary Stuart , Conner Audrey V. , Wheeler Steven E. , Ma Pengchen , Li Miranda , Houk K. N. , Newton Christopher G.
Published: December 2024

N-Aryl ketenimines are established as highly reactive aza-dienophiles. Intermolecular cycloadditions are achieved upon heating in the presence of 2,5-bis(silyloxy)furans and proceed with high levels of peri-, regio-, chemo- and diastereo-selectivity. Spontaneous C–O cleavage yields oxygenated pyridone derivatives in a highly convergent and redox- neutral manner. Combined experimental and computational studies demonstrate N-aryl ketenimines to be significantly more reactive than imino dienophiles as a consequence of less distorted transition states. Derivatization studies include the development of isocyanate and cyclic ketenimine equivalents as aza-dienophiles, while extension to a one-pot aza-Diels–Alder/oxa- Diels–Alder sequence provides a three-component approach to complex fused pyridone/pyran systems.
Automated navigation of condensate phase behavior with active machine learning
Authors: Leurs Yannick , Hout Willem van den , Gardin Andrea , Dongen Joost van , Hest Jan van , Grisoni Francesca , Brunsveld Luc
Published: December 2024

Biomolecular condensates are essential functional cellular structures that form through phase separation of macromolecules such as proteins and RNA. Synthetic condensates have recently gathered great interest as they can be engineered to better understand the formation mechanism of these cellular condensates and serve as cell-mimetic platforms to develop novel therapeutic strategies. The complexity of the biomolecular components and their reciprocal interactions, however, makes precise engineering and systematic characterization of condensate formation a challenging endeavor. While constructing phase diagrams is a systematic approach to gain comprehensive insight into phase separation behavior, it is a time-consuming and labor-intensive process. Here, we present an automated platform for efficiently mapping multi-dimensional phase diagrams of condensates. The automated platform incorporates a pipetting system for sample formulation, and an autonomous confocal microscope for particle property analysis and characterization. Active machine learning – which allows iterative model improvement – is used to learn from previous experiments and steer future experiments towards an efficient exploration of phase boundaries. The versatility of the pipeline is demonstrated by showcasing its ability to rapidly explore the phase behavior of various polypeptides of opposite charge across formulations, producing detailed and reproducible multidimensional phase diagrams. Beyond identifying phase boundaries, the platform also provides information-rich data, enabling quantification of key condensate properties such as particle size, count, and volume fraction – adding functional insights to phase diagrams. This self-driven platform is robust and generalizable, allowing easy extension to any given combination of condensate-forming materials, ultimately providing key insights into their formation and characteristics.
Atroposelective de novo Access to Biaryls via Nickel-Catalyzed C-C Activation of Benzocyclobutenols: Aryl Sources Powered by Dual Ring Scissions
Authors: Li Xingwei , Wang Peiyuan , Hu Lingfei , Lu Gang , Wang Fen , Li Xiao-Xi , Huang Genping
Published: December 2024

The C-C bond activation allows direct reconstruction of organic framework. However, it has not been explored in atroposelective de novo synthesis of biaryls, and prior studies are predominantly limited to employment of alcohols with a preinstalled chiral axis. Described here is Ni(0)/PYBOX-catalyzed de novo construction of chiral axis via asymmetric C-C coupling of benzotriazinones and benzocyclobutenols, which proceeded under mild conditions with excellent enantioselectivity to give biaryls with multifunctional groups. The reactivity was enabled by N-N and C-C activation with dual ring scission as a driving force. A combination of experimental and computational studies revealed details of the catalytic mechanism. Key steps include N-N oxidative addition of the benzotriazinones to give a stable nickelacycle. Subsequent -carbon elimination of the ligated benzocyclobutenol is turnover-limiting, and the product is delivered from the enantio-determining C-C reductive elimination
A Simple Scalable Production Route for Monodispersed Metal/Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Reja Sohel , Vasudevan Sukumaran
Published: December 2024

The first-row transition metals and their oxides have garnered immense interest from academic as well as technological perspectives. Transition metals and their oxide are of particular interest because these elements support multiple oxidation states. As a result, the physiochemical properties of the transition metals are quite different from the main group element. They have found applications in diverse fields, such as supercapacitors, sensors, solar cells, catalysts and photocatalytic applications. In this work, the synthesis of transition metals (M = Co, Ni, Mn) and their oxides following a simple one-pot thermal decomposition route has been explored. Changing reaction parameters allows for the preparation of nanoparticles with different shapes and sizes. The preparative scheme can be adapted for the large-scale synthesis of monodispersed transition metal/metal oxide nanoparticles, making the procedure attractive for possible industrial applications for these materials.
Los fundamentos de la ética, en: A. Masferrer, «Derecho penal y moral en la era del consentimiento». Perspectivas interdisciplinarias, pp. 171-189
Authors: Carpintero Benítez Francisco
Published: December 2024

Una doctrina sobre los fundamentos de la ética ha de ser una reflexión sobre la Ley Natural. Ciertamente, cabe hablar de principios o valores que se consideran especialmente importantes y que pueden recibir el nombre de valores superiores o democráticos. Pero no son un fundamento sólido, y todos conocemos varios de estos valores que han perdido buena parte de su vigencia en los últimos años. Por ejemplo, recientemente, la ONU insta a los Estados a que tomen medidas sobre las confesiones religiosas para que estas acepten las leyes LGTBI.
La doctrina sobre la Ley Natural quedó establecida en los siglos XIII y XIV, primero con Tomás de Aquino y, más tarde, con Juan Duns Scoto. Los nominalistas como Scoto establecieron realidades del mismo tipo que los valores contemporáneos: los principios morales que han de informar al derecho son contenidos mentales que, simplemente, ‘están’ en nuestra razón. Francisco Suárez, con su nominalismo, lanzó a la Edad Moderna esta teoría a comienzos del siglo XVII.
La explicación de Tomás de Aquino fue poco aceptada, quizá poco entendida por falta de estudio, y fue olvidada. Al final del proceso histórico permaneció la idea de una Ley Natural que era un ordenamiento eterno e inmutable, porque, como explicó Suárez, “Dios no puede contradecirse”. Poco más tarde, los creyentes insistieron, poco matizadamente, en el fundamento estrictamente metafísico de la Ley Natural.
La suspensión del procedimiento de eliminación de barreras burocráticas cuando se encuentra en trámite un proceso judicial
Authors: Maraví Sumar Milagros , Llacza Romero Sheyla
Published: December 2024

Este artículo analiza la suspensión del procedimiento de eliminación de barreras burocráticas cuando se encuentra en trámite un proceso judicial, teniendo como referencia el procedimiento por medio del cual se cuestiona la prohibición de utilizar la tercerización laboral para las actividades que comprenden el “núcleo de negocio”. De esta manera, se explica las razones por las cuales se considera que la sola existencia de un proceso judicial en trámite no debería justificar la suspensión del procedimiento, siempre y cuando la autoridad administrativa cuente con elementos que permitan evidenciar que, independientemente de lo que se resuelva en la vía jurisdiccional, se ha constituido una barrera burocrática ilegal y/o carente de razonabilidad que requiere ser inaplicada a favor de los administrados y agentes económicos en el país.
Simples “demoras” vs. “inactividad administrativa”: Notas para el estudio conceptual de los plazos máximos de los procedimientos administrativos y su incumplimiento
Authors: Saavedra Bazán Ernesto José
Published: December 2024

El autor aborda las notas principales para un estudio conceptual del ‘plazo legal’ y el ‘plazo razonable’ en los procedimientos administrativos de evaluación previa, a efectos de asociarlos con los conceptos de simples ‘demoras’ e ‘inactividad administrativa’.  Se identifica una serie de oportunidades para mejoras legislativas a la normativa administrativa general nacional, así como para un cambio de paradigmas sobre el procedimiento administrativo mismo.
Responsabilidad civil por daños ocasionados por niños y adolescentes: problemática y propuestas de solución en el contexto jurídico peruano
Authors: Caballero Zavala Frank Carlos
Published: December 2024

El artículo examina la responsabilidad civil por daños causados por niños y adolescentes en Perú, problemática que se ha intensificado tras la derogación del artículo 1975 del Código Civil mediante el Decreto Legislativo número 1384, el cual establecía la responsabilidad solidaria de los padres o representantes legales. Actualmente, según el artículo 458 del Código Civil, tanto niños como adolescentes son civilmente responsables por los daños que causen, siempre que actúen con discernimiento. No obstante, la falta de recursos patrimoniales de los niños y adolescentes dificulta la exigibilidad de la reparación, dejando en situación de desprotección a las víctimas. Los objetivos del trabajo son esclarecer quién deber asumir la reparación civil y explorar las implicaciones de la derogación. La metodología empleada incluye un análisis histórico y normativo de la legislación peruana, evidenciando que la responsabilidad de los padres y representantes ha sido reconocida en todas las codificaciones civiles desde 1852. Así, se propone la reintroducción del artículo 1975, que restablecería la responsabilidad solidaria de los padres o representantes, facilitando tanto la exigibilidad de la reparación como la certeza para las víctimas.
El procedimiento administrativo y sistema interamericano de Derechos Humanos. Zulima Sánchez Sánchez
Authors: Méndez Vásquez Diego Enrique
Published: December 2024

El estudio del procedimiento como verdadera institución jurídica sigue en construcción y a este propósito se suma el libro de la profesora Sánchez. En este trabajo se consolida, sistematiza y abstraen bases de la jurisprudencia del Sistema interamericano de derechos humanos referidas al procedimiento administrativo como herramienta que permite controlar la actuación de la Administración pública.
ESG Rating Employing NLP and Multi-Criteria Ranking Techniques for Russian Corporations
Authors:   HSE University, Mylnikov L. A. , Storchevoy M. A. ,   HSE University, Lapina V. V. ,   HSE University, Murach A.A. ,   HSE University
Published: December 2024

The significance of the research outlined here lies in the challenge of selecting partner companies under tight timeframes and with limited access to comprehensive data, particularly concerning a wide range of ethics and sustainability issues. This study aims to address this challenge by developing a model for the automated processing and analysis of textual information concerning groups of companies, particularly within the context of the Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) concept. The study incorporates methods for automatically extracting topics from textual data, utilizing machine learning techniques, conducting multi-criteria ranking, and employing both comparative and expert analyses of the results. To conduct our experiments, we compiled a dataset comprising over 1200 reports from leading Russian companies spanning the years 2019 to 2022. Additionally, we leveraged news articles posted on the FORBES-Russia website. As a result of our work, we have developed a model and methodology for analyzing textual information about groups of companies, facilitating their ranking. The analysis of the obtained results, both qualitatively and quantitatively, demonstrates their non-random and justified nature.The study showcases the efficacy of the proposed model in selecting companies through the ranking of a limited set of candidates based on accessible textual information. The insights from this research are valuable not only for rating agencies but also for companies seeking to conduct their own analysis when choosing partners.
Smart Door Systems in the IoT Era
Authors:   Department of Information Technology Greater Noida Institute of Technology, Greater Noida, U.P., India, Singh Sandeep , Ram Rohit ,   Department of Information Technology Greater Noida Institute of Technology, Greater Noida, U.P., India, Akhtar Naim ,   Department of Information Technology Greater Noida Institute of Technology, Greater Noida, U.P., India, Singhal Prof.(Dr.)Vikas ,   Head, Department of Information Technology Greater Noida Institute of Technology, Greater Noida, U.P., India
Published: December 2024

Security has grown in importance in recent years as a result of the increased number of security-related problems that people are facing globally and the fact that security is now everyone's top priority. The protection of our life and belongings is referred to as security. Ensuring the safety of individuals and their belongings is crucial in order to deter unlawful handling. Thus, concentrating on gate or door lock security is crucial to minimizing other problems in the area under observation. Designing an internet-connected locking system that could be readily put on a variety of doors, operated online, and depended upon for security was the project's goal. Wireless switches with centralized management systems are quickly replacing standard switches in contemporary houses. A home system controlled by a smart phone is a modern option. The three primary advantages of our proposed solution are the capacity to design and implement an open-source, cost-effective home automation system, enhance home security, and develop a smart door lock that can be accessed by a smart phone. Through improved security, convenience, and the capacity to lead a luxurious lifestyle, this initiative will make people's lives more adaptable and will ultimately make them far more straightforward, refined, accessible, and stable.
Smart Healthcare Liver Segmentation Image Analysis Using AI
Authors:   Head, Dept of Information & Technology, Greater Noida Institute of Technology, Gautam Buddh Nagar, India, Singhal Prof.(Dr.)Vikas , Raj Vaibhav ,   Dept of Information & Technology, Greater Noida Institute of Technology, Gautam Buddh Nagar, India, Bhati Vishal ,   Dept of Information & Technology, Greater Noida Institute of Technology, Gautam Buddh Nagar, India, Kumar Subhash ,   Dept of Information & Technology, Greater Noida Institute of Technology, Gautam Buddh Nagar, India
Published: December 2024

With an emphasis on liver segmentation in medical pictures, this research investigates the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of smart healthcare. In medical image analysis, liver segmentation is a crucial task, especially for liver disease diagnosis, surgical planning, and therapy monitoring. While AI-powered approaches, particularly those that make use of deep learning, offer the potential for increases in accuracy and efficiency, traditional image analysis methods are frequently slow and prone to errors. We provide a summary of the state-of-the-art techniques, difficulties, and developments in AI-based liver segmentation, with a focus on deep learning frameworks like transfer learning and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The goal is to demonstrate how AI has the ability to transform liver disease detection and therapy by providing intelligent medical solutions. With an emphasis on diseases including pneumonia, lung cancer, and fractures, the suggested method uses Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to precisely identify anomalies and patterns. The technology improves diagnostic accuracy, decreases human error, and expedites clinical workflows by automating the diagnostic process. Furthermore, the system can get better over time by adjusting to new datasets and medical procedures because to the incorporation of continuous learning techniques. By facilitating prompt intervention and increasing diagnosis speed and accuracy, AI-based liver segmentation holds the potential to revolutionize medical practice. When handling complex liver pictures, deep learning models particularly those that make use of transfer learning and 3D segmentation networks have demonstrated greater performance, frequently attaining higher accuracy than conventional not withstanding these difficulties, recent techniques. However, addressing the inherent diversity in liver pictures resulting from variations in patient anatomy, disease development, and imaging modality (CT, MRI, Ultrasound) presents a difficulty. Developments have shown that AI models can effectively generalize to various patient populations and imaging situations when trained on sizable and varied datasets.
Electricity Load & Price Forecasting Using Deep Learning
Authors:   Head, Department of Information Technology Greater Noida Institute of Technology (Engg. Institute), Greater Noida, INDIA, Singhal Prof.(Dr.)Vikas , Kumar Udbhav ,   Department of Information Technology Greater Noida Institute of Technology (Engg. Institute), Greater Noida, INDIA, Yadav Utkarsh ,   Department of Information Technology Greater Noida Institute of Technology (Engg. Institute), Greater Noida, INDIA, Singh Vishal ,   Department of Information Technology Greater Noida Institute of Technology (Engg. Institute), Greater Noida, INDIA, Singh Vipin ,   Department of Information Technology Greater Noida Institute of Technology (Engg. Institute), Greater Noida, INDIA
Published: December 2024

Forecasting electricity prices and loads is essential for grid stability and efficient energy management. This study presents a novel technique to increase short-term load accuracy. and pricing projections by utilizing deep learning techniques. We examine past consumption data, weather trends, and market variables using sophisticated neural network architectures, such as CNN (Convolutional Neural Networks) and LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory). The suggested models outperform conventional forecasting techniques after being trained on a variety of datasets. The findings show that deep learning greatly lowers forecasting mistakes, allowing utilities and stakeholders to make better decisions. The results highlight how artificial intelligence may be used to optimize pricing and resource allocation for energy, which will ultimately lead to a more dependable and effective power market.
The problem of teaching speech activities in a foreign language to international law students
Authors: Bochenkov A. , Ivanova T.
Published: December 2024

The article explores the challenges and methodologies involved in teaching speech activities in English to students specializing in International Law at the School of Law. Theproblems are further complicated by the conditions of distance learning, which, on the one hand, exacerbate the teaching process, but on the other hand, offer facilitation as distance learning, by its nature, enhances interaction between students and teachers, granting flexibility in terms of both spatial and temporal dimensions. Among the many means of communication utilized, Zoom stands out as a prominent service for organizing online classes. The key factor in optimizing language skills is the use of a student-centered model. The current level of development of students’ speaking skills in the target language does not meet modern educational requirements, which emphasizes the relevance of this issue. In the era of globalization, the main goal of teaching English is not just to master the language system or gain linguistic knowledge, but to master it as a means ofcommunication. Creating favorable conditions for the development of students’ communicative skills in a foreign language is one of the main tasks of the teacher. By recreating circumstances that are similar to those when native speakers acquire native language skills, students can immerse themselves in a similar environment, and this will contribute to the effective development of their speech skills.

Law students specializing in international law should have the communicative competence that will allow them to communicate effectively with both native speakers and people who use the language as a communication tool. In the absence of a natural language environment, teachers should build the educational process in accordance with a reasonably constructed model of educational and professional communication. A prerequisite for the creative use of the acquired language and speech material is communicative orientation in the process of teaching a foreign language.
Environmental and Topographical Factors Influencing Moss Distribution in Semi-Arid Regions: A Study of Çankırı-Eldivan Mountain
Authors: Ursavaş Serhat , Edis Semih
Published: December 2024

This research investigated the environmental and topographical variables influencing the distribution of moss, utilizing data from 455 sampling locations in the Çankırı-Eldivan Mountain region. Logistic regression analysis results indicated that the primary determinants of moss presence were elevation, mean temperature, and slope. Elevation positively influences moss presence, whereas mean temperature negatively affects it. Slope, conversely, positively influenced moss habitats by enhancing water retention and soil stability. Despite the limited impact of the aspect, surfaces oriented towards the north and east were more advantageous. The total precipitation positively influenced moss presence; however, this effect was eclipsed by elevation. These findings significantly enhance the comprehension of mosses' ecological tolerance and reliance on environmental variables. The research underscores critical environmental variables influencing moss distribution and establishes a foundation for natural resource management, biodiversity conservation strategies, and evaluation of climate change impacts. Future research should investigate anthropogenic influences on moss distribution more comprehensively and employ molecular ecological techniques.
Application of Fiberoptic Bronchoscope Simulation Training in Airway Management and Thoracic Surgery Anesthesia Teaching
Authors: Hu Shan
Published: December 2024

Fiberoptic bronchoscope simulation training, as an emerging teaching method, has demonstrated significant advantages in airway management and thoracic surgery anesthesia teaching. This article reviews the application of fiberoptic bronchoscope simulation training in airway management and thoracic surgery anesthesia teaching, aiming to explore its teaching significance and practical application effects. Through literature review and case analysis, this article finds that fiberoptic bronchoscope simulation training can not only improve trainees’ operational skills but also deepen their understanding of anatomical knowledge, to achieve a skill level similar to or even better than traditional teaching and training in clinical practice.
Pre-experimental assessment of the influence of the approach angle of the working element of a harrow-hoe on the efficiency of impact on the soil
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Nesmiyan A.Yu.  , Arzhenovsky A.G. , Gorenkov M.Yu.
Published: December 2024

Soil hoeing is an effective and universal technique included in almost all modern crop production technologies. Improving the harrow-hoes is quite labor-intensive, long-term and costly, which indicates the prospects for modernization based on knowledge of the operating patterns of the units under consideration. The research goal is a pre-experimental study of the influence of the approach angle of the needle-type working 20 ТеХНИКА И ТХНОЛОГИИ АПК Агроинженерия. 2024. Т. 26, № 6. С. 19-27 Несмиян А.Ю., Арженовский А.Г., Горенков М.Ю. Доопытная оценка влияния угла атаки рабочего органа… element on the intensity of its impact on the soil. The article presents a methodology to calculate the complex factor of soil crumbling depending on the approach angle of working elements at values of 0, 8, 16, 24, and 32 degrees. Based on the calculations carried out the authors assumed that under average initial operating conditions of harrow-hoes, an increase in the approach angle of the working elements leads to an increase in the total trace of the needle movement in the soil with an average intensity of about 0.6 cm3 /deg. In the meanwhile, the sheared soil shell volume per needle first increases by 1.1 to 2.3 cm3 /deg., as the approach angle reaches 24 deg., and then decreases with further increase in the angle. In general, an increase in the approach angle leads to a decrease in the complex criterion of soil crumbling by a needle at a speed of about 0.1 deg. –1. At the same time, the overall intensity of the impact on the soil increases to an approximate value of about 24 deg. as the approach angle goes on increasing. The proposed calculation method is approximate in nature, but its application helps identify some general patterns in the influence of the parameters of the disk’s working element on the performance indicators. They include afrontality, the diameter of needles, the depth of their penetration into the soil, the working element diameter, the unit speed, etc.
Experimental study of the temperature field in the soil layer when heated by ultrahigh frequency radiation
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, VOLOZHANINOV SERGEY S. , ALDOSHIN NIKOLAI V. , ZAVALIY ALEKSEI A. , VOLOBUEV DMITRIY D.
Published: December 2024

The use of non-ionizing radiation in agro-industrial production is a promising environmentally friendly alternative solution for pest, disease and weed control. The main purpose of the research is the development and use of technologies and devices for its implementation. In the course of the study, a device was developed to disinfect the soil with ultrahigh-frequency radiation, the source of which is magnetrons with a radiation frequency of 2450 MHz and a power consumption of 800 to 1000 watts. The radiation energy is applied to the soil surface by a waveguide measuring 90 × 60 mm. Cardboard boxes with soil samples 200 mm long, 50 mm wide and 100 mm deep were used as microwave radiation receivers. The thermal imager Testo 882 was used to determine the temperature distribution Agricultural Engineering (Moscow), 2024;26(6): 28-35 FARM MACHINERY AND TECHNOLOGIES Volozhaninov S.S., Aldoshin N.V., Zavaliy A.A,, Volobuev D.D. Experimental study of the temperature field in the soil… in the soil layer operated by to the device. Thermography was performed at soil humidity of 4, 10, 15 and 20%. In order to determine the effect of reflected radiation on soil heating, an aluminum plate with a thickness of 1 mm was placed in the soil layer. The study revealed that at an exposure of 60 s, the soil layer heats up to 60 to 65°C to a depth of 25 to 35 mm, to 40 to 45°C to a depth of 90 to 100 mm. At the same time, soil moisture does not significantly affect its heating rate. The efficiency of microwave radiation and heating is still higher when a metal plate is placed under the soil layer, while up to 87% of the energy consumed by the device is accumulated by the soil layer.
Study of the resistance of bast fiber crop stems to abrasive wear
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, SVIRIDOV ALEKSEI S.
Published: December 2024

The development of technical means with optimal design parameters for harvesting bast fiber crops is closely related to the mechanical and technological properties of plant material. These properties characterize the structure of the stem, resistance to loads acting on it, behavior under various deformations and destruction, friction on working surfaces, etc. The stems of bast fiber crops, such as industrial hemp, contain fibers that have abrasive properties and cause rapid wear of the cutting edges of knives. However, there are still no studies of the resistance of the stems to abrasive wear. In order to determine the resistance of the fibrous layer of hemp stems to abrasive wear, the authors studied the physico-mechanical and strength properties of the stems of industrial hemp of three varieties – Lyudmila, Nadezhda, and Surskaya. The authors studied the micro-relief of the surface of the bast fiber layer of industrial hemp using atomic force microscopy with a scanning probe microscope. The abrasion experiment was carried out on the AT-100 rotary abrasion tester in accordance with GOST R17076-1- 2014. The study of the microrelief showed a more developed outer surface with a brightly colored fibrous structure. The greatest differences in microroughnesses were observed between the lower and apical parts of the stem. Indicators characterizing the mechanical properties of bast fibers, such as elasticity, hardness and modulus of elasticity, differed in various parts of the stem. The greatest value of the modulus of elasticity and hardness of the fibers was found in the middle part of the stem. Experimental data on the volumetric wear of the bast fiber layer of industrial hemp stems showed that the stems of the Nadezhda variety have the highest abrasion resistance (an abrasion index of 1.67), the Lyudmila variety has the lowest (an abrasion index of 3.71). The research results should be taken into account when designing and developing innovative harvesting machines and choosing abrasive wear-resistant materials to manufacture the cutting edges of knives.
Critical thickness of the hardening coating layer on the working surfaces of injector nozzle parts
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, EROKHIN MIKHAIL N. , KAZANTSEV SERGEY P. , IGNATKIN IVAN Yu , Logachev K.M.  , SKOROKHODOV DMITRY M.
Published: December 2024

Motor vehicles and tractors operate in conditions of high dustiness. The main reason for the short service life of precision parts of fuel equipment (FI) is the abrasive wear of working surfaces. The innovative CVD method of obtaining coatings by thermal decomposition of chromium hexacarbonyl with subsequent deposition of chromium carbides significantly increases the wear and corrosion resistance of the injector nozzle parts of diesel engines. To increase the service life of the sprayer, the authors propose to apply a hardening coating to both working surfaces of the parts - the needle (steel R6M5) and the inner surface of the housing (steel 12KH2N4А). In order to minimize costs in the manufacture of new precision parts, the authors determined the critical (minimum) coating thickness, ensuring its load-bearing capacity. They also obtained analytical relationships between the minimum required coating thickness depending on its microhardness and the size of quartz and corundum particles, as well as regression equations and response function graphs. It has been established that in order to ensure the bearing capacity of the hardening coating on the fuel injector nozzle parts of the diesel engine, its critical thickness a should be not less than 3 microns at a microhardness of 18.9 GP.
Weighted Sobolev orthogonal systems with two discrete points and Fourier series with respect to them
Authors: Magomed-Kasumov M. G.
Published: December 2024

We consider the properties of systems $\Phi_1$ orthogonal with respect to a weighted discrete-continuous Sobolev inner product of the form $\langle f,g \rangle_S = f(a)g(a)+f(b)g(b)+\displaystyle\int_a^b f'(t)g'(t)w(t)dt$. The completeness of systems $\Phi_1$ in the Sobolev space $W^1_{L^2_w}$ and the relation of $\Phi_1$ to systems orthogonal in weighted Lebesgue spaces $L^2_u$ are studied. We also analyze properties of the Fourier series with respect to systems $\Phi_1$. In particular, conditions for the uniform convergence of Fourier series to functions from $W^1_{L^2}$ are obtained.
MOTIVATION AND VALUE BASIS OF SCHOOLCHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECTS OF EDUCATIONAL STRATEGIES
Authors: Horokholinska Iryna
Published: December 2024

The author of the article analyzes a complex of worldview and axiological approaches that actualize the issue of physical activity and a healthy lifestyle as an integral component of a holistic psycho-emotional and axiological formation of a person rooted in the value structures of the individual, as well as evidence of his responsible attitude to «Life» in general. Through the specifics of the teachings and practices of famous philosophers, religious leaders and their followers, the interrelationship of instructions for physical activity and a healthy lifestyle with programs of spiritual and moral formation of the individual is demonstrated.

The logical-historical approach to the interpretation of the main concepts used by the author still allows her to extrapolate the analyzed problems to the current situation, which is characterized by the focused attention of specialists in various fields to issues of physical activity. It is primarily about finding ways to motivate it, especially for children, youth – the younger generation. They are category of the population, who suffers the most from the consequences that were brought at one time by the restrictions due to the pandemic of coronavirus. This seems to be relevant in the context of the need to form additional formats of rehabilitation and distraction from constant stress, which is an indispensable factor of life in war conditions. Habits of motor activity and a conscious approach to one’s own lifestyle are an important here.

It has been demonstrated that the axiological positive value of physical activity is quite vividly presented in philosophical and religious traditions. These ideas emphasize on the importance of its formation in a holistic strategy of self-education and self-development of an individual striving for integrity and harmonious development. The author indicates the possible ways of motivating such activity among young people in view of the analyzed religious and philosophical concepts and teachings.

The article was prepared in the context of the implementation of the main research tasks of the project «Active nation: a modern model of increasing the level of physical activity of schoolchildren as a strategic element of the state’s defense capability», registration number: 0124U000877.
IMPROVING THE LEVEL OF LANGUAGE COMPETENCE OF TEACHERS IN THE CITY OF KYIV: RESULTS OF A SOCIOLINGUISTIC RESEARCH
Authors: Boiko Maria
Published: December 2024

The article analyses the actual state of use of the Ukrainian language by pedagogical workers in Kyiv and identifies recommendations for improving teachers' language competence. The study provides a brief overview of linguistic works that reflect the status of the state language in the educational space at the beginning of the twenty-first century, identifies the factors that help teachers to switch to Ukrainian. Attention is paid to the results of a sociological study. In order to study the peculiarities of the functioning of the Ukrainian language in general secondary education institutions in Kyiv, 504 questionnaires were analysed. It is concluded that the problem of Ukrainian-Russian bilingualism in the educational space of Kyiv is extremely complex and controversial. It is noted that teachers of the capital do not resist the legislative consolidation of various provisions on the Ukrainian language. It is proved that the use of the Ukrainian language in the classroom in general secondary education institutions of Kyiv prevails, but there are institutions where employees still actively use Russian during breaks, devaluing the role of the Ukrainian language. The respondents believe that it is the Ukrainian-speaking environment that best helps to start speaking Ukrainian and will stimulate the development of the state language. Teachers also noted that in the future, Ukrainian should become the main language in all areas of communication. It is emphasised that such a reorientation should take place not only through reasonable and balanced actions of the leadership, but also through the conscious desire of the citizens themselves. The study notes that schools should be the centre of the revival of the Ukrainian language space, since it is teachers who are the guides who are able to shape the language culture of the younger generation.
THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL NETWORKS ON THE SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL STATE OF YOUNG PEOPLE
Authors: Gołębiowska Ewelina
Published: December 2024

The research problem of this article is the impact of social media on the social and emotional functioning of young people. Young people belong to an age group whose representatives use the Internet and all social media, and in addition, their presence in the online space is an important aspect of life for them. The study was conducted as part of a quantitative strategy, in which first-year students of second-cycle studies in the field of Pedagogy, educated at the Warsaw University of Life Sciences, participated. The study used a survey questionnaire, and the technique was surveying. The results of the study indicate a negative impact of using social media on both the emotional and social functioning of representatives of the young generation. Particularly negative consequences are visible in the emotional sphere and mental well-being. 28% of the respondents admitted that their self-esteem decreases after viewing various content in social media. Almost all respondents (96%) indicated that they feel overloaded with the influx of information from the Internet. Over 50% of the respondents admitted that they experience mood swings related to using the broadly understood Internet. 44% of respondents admitted that they use social media at the expense of sleep and regeneration. 44% admitted that their interpersonal contacts are weakened as a result of their use of the Internet. The data obtained also draw attention to the occurrence of the FOMO syndrome, or fear of missing out on something on the Internet, of falling out of circulation, which increasingly affects young people.
THE PHENOMENON OF CYBERBULLYING AMONG TEENAGERS
Authors: Kłos Sylwia
Published: December 2024

The aim of this article is to examine the phenomenon of cyberbullying among teenagers. This phenomenon has been defined as behavior that causes emotional harm, carried out using electronic means or as harassment, tormenting, persecution on the Internet. The phenomenon of cyberbullying covers a wide range, its types include cyberstalking, doxing, swatting, sexual harassment and revenge pornography, as well as slander, slander, peer violence, defamation, intimidation, incitement to suicide. The study was conducted as part of a quantitative strategy, in which 70 people between 12 and 21 years of age participated. The study used a questionnaire, and the technique was surveying. The results of the study indicate that young people encountered cyberbullying personally most often between the ages of 13 and 15. The conducted research shows that 97.1% of the respondents encountered cyberbullying personally. This result is surprising, because these are young people who are just starting their lives, and at such a young age they encountered cyberbullying. Respondents who experienced cyberbullying were asked to indicate the type of violence, the most common answers were: insults, blackmail, intimidation, racism. Regarding the response to cyberbullying, the most common response was to inform parents and contact the police. It can be concluded from this that young people seek help from people they trust the most and can rely on. The way to combat cyberaggression, cyberbullying is cooperation, both between parents and schools, as well as the student community, the police and other entities. In order to prevent and minimize the occurrence of cyberbullying, cooperation and support for victims is necessary.
STRUCTURAL-COMPONENT MODEL OF FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN FUTURE MANAGERS OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Moskalenko Alla
Published: December 2024

Modern managers of educational institutions serve as representatives of the management level of the management paradigm. Effective formation of their competence in the process of professional training is built in synergy with professional ethics. The basis of the latter is the fundamental training within the educational program of training future managers. The article is aimed at an expanded analysis of modern technologies of formation of professional ethics of future managers of educational institutions in the process of professional training. The study involved a number of general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, structural-logical and comparative methods, generalization. It studies specificity of traditional approaches to formation of the system of professional ethics of managers. The essence of technologies for the formation of professional ethics in future managers of educational institutions is determined, their role in the process of forming a successful career is identified. It is determined that the system of professional training of future managers by educational institutions should combine fundamental-theoretical and multifunctional professional-applied components of their professional ethics, which will contribute to deepening the formation of professional competence. The use of the synergistic influence of classical and innovative pedagogical technologies, the integral principle of building the study of professional disciplines, as well as the expansion of the range of opportunities for self-educational activities of students for the effective formation of sustainable professional ethics is proposed. The psychological basis of the mechanisms for the formation of professional ethics of future managers of educational institutions has been substantiated, in particular, to single out professional self-esteem, professional self-awareness and professional identity.