bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Whole-Body 177Lu–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Scan Pattern With Excess Free 177Lu-Chloride in a Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patient
Authors: Askari Emran , Moghadam Soroush Zarehparvar , Divband Ghasemali , Aryana Kamran
Published: September 2020

A 56-year-old man with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer was referred for radioligand therapy with 177Lu–prostate-specific membrane antigen. In the third cycle, a posttherapy whole-body scan showed unexpected skeletal and joint uptake apart from his known metastatic lesions. This observation raised suspicion for possible impurity (mainly free lutetium) in the applied radiopharmaceutical product. After contacting the radiopharmaceutical company, we were informed that the radiochemical purity of the used batch of 177Lu–prostate-specific membrane antigen had been 95%. This is the first report of excess free lutetium scan pattern and its complications in a patient undergoing radioligand therapy.
99mTc-RBC SPECT/CT for Duodenal Bleeding Point Detection
Authors: Kang Seo Young , Moon Byung Seok , Kim Hye Ok , Yoon Hai-Jeon , Kim Bom Sahn
Published: September 2020

This is a case of a 63-year-old man who presented with acute melena and low hemoglobin. Upper and lower gastrointestinal evaluations failed to localize the bleeding focus. 99mTc-RBC planar scintigraphy identified 2 sites of suspected bleeding in the lower abdomen area. Subsequent SPECT/CT was performed and identified the precise main focus of active bleeding, the second and third parts of the duodenum, and also described the blood accumulation in the jejunum. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was immediately performed, and results confirmed spurting blood from the small vessel with multiple ulcers in the second part of the duodenum.
Complete Metabolic Response Assessed by FDG PET/CT to FOLFOXIRI-Bevacizumab in First-Line Treatment of BRAFV600E Mutated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Amrane Karim , le Pennec Romain , Schick Ulrike , Metges Jean-Philippe , Abgral Ronan
Published: September 2020

Triplet chemotherapy (FOLFOXIRI) + bevacizumab regimen is indicated as first-line treatment of BRAFV600E-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Nevertheless, its proven therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials was solely based on partial morphologic responses assessed by CT. To date, only 1 case of complete response assessed by FDG PET/CT was reported in literature in BRAFV600E-mutated mCRC, but treated with doublet chemotherapy (FOLFIRI) + cetuximab regimen. We report a complete metabolic response assessed by FDG PET/CT, maintained over time (13 months) in a 60-year-old woman with BRAFV600E-mutated mCRC treated by FOLFOXIRI-bevacizumab. This also confirms that FDG PET/CT is emerging as a useful approach for therapeutic assessment of targeted drugs in mCRC.
Incidental Detection of Lung Adenocarcinoma Presenting as an Anterior Mediastinal Mass on 18F-Fluciclovine PET/CT in a Patient With Primary Prostate Cancer
Authors: Abiodun-Ojo Olayinka A. , Akintayo Akinyemi A. , Sica Gabriel L. , Alemozaffar Mehrdad , Schuster David M.
Published: September 2020

18F-fluciclovine is a PET radiotracer approved for detection of recurrent prostate cancer, with utility in other malignancies being investigated. We present the case of a 71-year-old man with high-risk primary prostate cancer (Gleason score 9, prostate-specific antigen 34 ng/mL) and newly diagnosed lung adenocarcinoma. As part of a clinical trial (NCT03081884), preoperative 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT showed localized abnormal uptake in the prostate gland with extracapsular extension. Additionally, an incidental anterior mediastinal mass measuring 2.2 × 1.8 cm demonstrated abnormal radiotracer uptake. Biopsy of the mediastinal mass confirmed invasive lung adenocarcinoma with solid and acinar patterns and high programmed death 1 ligand expression.
Radioligand Therapy With 177Lu–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen in a Patient With Non–Prostate-Specific Antigen–Secreting Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Pirayesh Elahe
Published: September 2020

Progression of prostate cancer and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) elevation are closely associated. In fewer than 1% of all cases, disease progression may occur despite low or undetectable PSA levels. In these conditions, androgen deprivation therapy is relatively ineffective, and the prostate cancer progresses very quickly. We present a 65-year-old man with non–PSA-secreting prostate cancer and widespread metastases with rather fair response to 177Lu-prostate-specific membrane antigen radioligand therapy.
Acute Aortic Dissection Initially Suspected on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Ulaner Gary A. , Muehlbauer Stefan , Goldberg Zoe
Published: September 2020

A 64-year-old man with anal cancer underwent follow-up 18F-FDG PET/CT to evaluate chemoradiation therapy response 5 months after an initial PET/CT. The follow-up 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated new FDG-avid curvilinear soft tissue adjacent to the abdominal aorta, interpreted as an aortic dissection. Despite lack of clinical symptoms, the patient was directed to an emergency room the same day, where a contrast-enhanced CT confirmed an aortic aneurysm with dissection. The patient underwent endovascular surgical repair the following day. This case demonstrates that newly FDG-avid aortic soft tissue should be recognized and may need further evaluation to characterize clinically significant vascular pathology.
Quality and Safety in Healthcare, Part LXXVIII
Authors: Harolds Jay A. , Miller Laura B.
Published: September 2020

Numerous expected competencies of a chief nursing officer are outlined in this article including communication, ability to build relationships, expertise about the environment of healthcare and its future directions, leadership, expertise in business matters, combating bullying, encouraging shared decision making, and optimizing interdisciplinary teams and the use of advanced practice providers. These skills are also expected of most other healthcare executives, whether or not they are nurses, because using these competencies increases quality, safety, and value for the patients and improves conditions for the healthcare organization and those who work there.
Rare Extramedullary Cardiac Involvement of Recurrent Multiple Myeloma Suspected on 18F-FDG and Confirmed on 18F-Fluorocholine
Authors: Zhang-Yin Jules , Garderet Laurent , Martino Suella , Montravers Françoise , Talbot Jean-Noël
Published: September 2020

A man experienced pain in the right hemithorax 6 months after a first-line therapy for multiple myeloma (MM). FDG PET/CT showed a large extramedullary extent in the right hemithorax, which was biopsy proven. During the second-line treatment, FDG PET/CT showed no response as well as a suspected myocardium spread, a rare extramedullary location in MM. 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT and then MRI confirmed myocardium lesions. This case confirms that 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT is able to detect MM recurrence and may be used to complete FDG PET/CT in difficult cases such as suspicion of cardiac MM.
Primary Atrial Undifferentiated Sarcoma Found on FDG PET/CT Mimicking Cardiac Myxoma
Authors: Wang Rang , Shen Guohua , Tian Rong
Published: September 2020

A 52-year-old man had shortness of breath and chest discomfort for 2 months. Chest CT and MRI showed a mass in the left atrium attached to the mitral annulus without obvious enhancement. Initial diagnosis was suspected of myxoma. Preoperative FDG PET/CT demonstrated the corresponding lesion with abnormal FDG uptake, indicating a malignancy. Finally, histopathologic examination revealed primary undifferentiated sarcoma.
Absent 18F-FDG Uptake in the Brain—Unsuspected Brain Death
Authors: Pedersen Mette Abildgaard , Jensen-Fangel Søren , Nielsen Edith , Borghammer Per , Vendelbo Mikkel Holm
Published: September 2020

Brain death is the complete, irreversible cessation of brain function, including the capacity for brainstem, respiratory, and vegetative activities. It is a clinical diagnosis that can be supplemented with brain perfusion imaging. Absent cerebral blood flow can be visualized with CT angiography or perfusion scintigraphy. 18F-FDG PET/CT, visualizing glucose uptake, is another approach that has been shown to indicate brain death in small case series. We here present a case with unsuspected absent 18F-FDG uptake and thus no metabolic activity, in the brain. The patient was declared brain dead later the same day.
De Novo Presentation of Sarcoidosis on Restaging FDG PET/CT in Rectal Carcinoma With Self-resolution
Authors: Santhosh Sampath , Jeeva Godwin , Thirumalairaj Raja
Published: September 2020

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disorder of unknown etiology characterized by development of noncaseating granulomas in more than 1 organ system. Development of sarcoidosis during or immediately after chemotherapy and immunotherapy is not uncommon. We present a 61-year-old woman in whom restaging 18F-FDG PET/CT detected asymptomatic sarcoidosis after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for carcinoma rectum, which resolved spontaneously by the end of adjuvant chemotherapy with no specific treatment. Recognition of anatomic-metabolic pattern of sarcoidosis could prevent erroneous upstaging of the primary malignancy during restaging PET/CT following chemotherapy, and such lesions may show self-resolution.
18F-FDG PET/CT Findings in a Rare Myoepithelial Carcinoma Arising in the Parapharyngeal Space
Authors: Li Chongjiao , Tian Yueli , Shen Ying , Wen Bing , He Yong
Published: September 2020

Myoepithelial carcinoma is an exceedingly rare malignant neoplasm that most frequently occurs in the salivary gland. We here report a case of myoepithelial carcinoma in a 57-year-old man. Unenhanced and contrast-enhanced CT scans showed an ill-defined, heterogeneous, contrast-enhancing mass in the left parapharyngeal space, which suggested malignancy. 18F-FDG PET/CT showed a hypermetabolic mass and multiple FDG-avid lymph nodes in the bilateral cervical regions. An incision biopsy was performed, and the pathological examination confirmed the mass to be a myoepithelial carcinoma.
Reorganization of a Nuclear Medicine Department in Northern Italy During a 2-Month Lockdown for COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Maffione Anna Margherita , Chondrogiannis Sotirios , Rampin Lucia , Grassetto Gaia , Marzola Maria Cristina , Bassan Alex , Massaro Arianna , Colletti Patrick M. , Rubello Domenico
Published: September 2020

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has profoundly changed the organization of hospital activities. We present our experience of reorganization of a nuclear medicine service settled in Northern Italy during the pandemic period of March and April 2020 characterized a government-mandated lockdown. Our service remained open during the whole period, performing approximately 80% of the routine practice, while maintaining it COVID-free despite the geographical context characterized by a high risk of infection. Reorganization involved all aspects of a nuclear medicine department, following local, national, and international guidelines for prioritizing patients, telephone and physical triages, deployment of appropriate personal protective equipment, social distancing, and logistic changes for scheduling examinations and disinfection procedures. All staff remained COVID-19–negative despite the unintentional admission of 4 patients who later turned out to be positive for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. These adopted measures would serve as the basis for safe nuclear medicine services in the post–lockdown phase.
Para-aortal Ganglion Mimicking a Lymph Node Metastases on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT
Authors: Schweighofer Zwink Gregor , Rendl Gundula , Schmeller Nikolaus , Pirich Christian
Published: September 2020

PSMA-based nuclear medicine imaging impacts increasingly the clinical decision process in prostate cancer patients. A well-known PSMA pitfall is uptake into autonomic ganglia. The intensity of uptake, the shape, and the exact location of the correlating structure in CT are supposed to aid discriminating between ganglia and lymph node metastases. In this patient, we found intense uptake in a nodular shaped para-aortal soft tissue lesion suspicious of a lymph node metastases at staging as well as restaging. After secondary resection, the lesion was histologically proven an autonomic ganglion with intense PSMA expression.
Solitary Hard Palate Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Demonstrated on PET/CT Scan in an Adult
Authors: Chen Haotian , Fan Qiuping , Su Minggang
Published: September 2020

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is rare in adults. Oral and maxillofacial LCH commonly affects the bones of the skull and jaws. Here we report a case of a 57-year-old man with a painless oral mass evaluated by 18F-FDG PET/CT. PET/CT showed a solitary 18F-FDG-avid tumor in his left hard palate. LCH was confirmed after surgery. This case reminds us that LCH should be considered in an adult with hypermetabolic hard palate lesion on 18F-FDG PET/CT.
18F-FDG PET/CT of Hepatosplenic Actinomycosis After Laparoscopic Cystojejunostomy for Pancreatic Pseudocyst
Authors: Zou Qiong , Jiao Ju , Liu Wei-min , Yang Ting , Zhang Yong
Published: September 2020

We report the 18F-FDG PET/CT appearance of abdominal actinomycosis in a 48-year-old immunocompetent woman with a history of laparoscopic cystojejunostomy for pancreatic pseudocyst previously. 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated multiple hypermetabolism in the liver, spleen, cystojejunostomy anastomosis, greater omentum, and umbilical region. Actinomycosis was verified by biopsy. Hepatosplenic actinomycosis secondary to cystojejunostomy is extremely rare and easily to be misdiagnosed. PET/CT is helpful for auxiliary diagnosis, guiding biopsy, and exploring the extent of the disease.
FDG PET/CT Findings of Melanoma in a Renal Allograft
Authors: Ran Pengcheng , Huang Leilei , Meng Fanhang , Liu Yupin
Published: September 2020

Renal melanoma is rare. We present a case with FDG-avid melanoma arising from renal allograft. This case indicates that melanoma can occur in the allograft, and it should be considered as a differential diagnosis of focal abnormal FDG uptake in the renal allograft.
68Ga-FAPI and 18F-FDG PET/CT Images in a Patient With Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Mimicking Malignant Tumor
Authors: Gu Bingxin , Luo Zhiguo , He Xinhong , Wang Jian , Song Shaoli
Published: September 2020

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is difficult to diagnose. Here, we report a case of extrapulmonary TB in a 68-year-old woman presented with mental fatigue, poor appetite, and weight loss. 18F-FDG PET/CT revealed elevated 18F-FDG uptake in the left inferior cervical, left supraclavicular, mediastinal, and splenic hilum lymph nodes and spleen, which were suspected of malignant tumor. To further differentiate benign and malignant diseases, 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT was performed. 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT also showed intense 68Ga-FAPI uptake in the previously mentioned FDG-avid lesions. However, biopsy of the left supraclavicular lymph node demonstrated the presence of TB.
Intense Increased 18F-FDG Uptake of Masticator Muscles After Cocaine Use
Authors: Meneret Pierre , Palard-Novello Xavier , Cuvilliers Cécile , Girard Antoine , Pontoizeau Clémence
Published: September 2020

18F-FDG is the most widely used PET tracer worldwide. Before the examination, recommendations are given to patients to avoid muscular activities, with the goal to limit 18F-FDG uptake in muscles. Here, we report the case of a 36-year-old man with Hodgkin disease referred to our department to perform an 18F-FDG PET/CT for immunotherapy assessment. The PET images showed a homogeneous, symmetric, and very intense uptake of the masticatory muscles. The medical examination exhibited a trismus, and the patient revealed to have been using cocaine 15 minutes before injection of 18F-FDG.
18F-FDG PET/CT in Osteoradionecrosis of the Hyoid
Authors: Antippa Sophia Huntley , Du Leanne , Price Nathan , Hsu Charlie Chia-Tsong
Published: September 2020

Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a well-documented complication following radiation treatment for head and neck malignancy. Facial bones, mainly the mandible, laryngeal cartilage, and skull, are frequently involved sites for ORN. A rare site for ORN is the hyoid, with very limited cases described in the literature. Recognition of the imaging pattern of hyoid ORN is critical to avoid misdiagnosis of recurrent disease, prompting early treatment.
Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Eltilib Mohamed , Fenner Jordan , Saramago Israel , Oldan Jorge
Published: September 2020

We report the case of a 57-year-old man who presented with a 6-year history of yellowish plaques on his left buttock and right medial knee, as well as ulcerating subcutaneous nodules on his forearms bilaterally. Skin biopsy, bone biopsy, and serum protein electrophoresis confirmed the diagnosis of necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with associated monoclonal gammopathy. Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma is a rare form of non-Langerhans histiocytosis characterized by development of chronic cutaneous nodules that enlarge over time to form plaques. The author discusses necrobiotic xanthogranuloma’s presentation and the utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT in disease staging, localizing optimal biopsy sites, and assessing treatment response.
A Keyhole Approach Centered by Anterior Squamous Suture to Hypertensive Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage
Authors: Lin Jianhao , Li Yehai , Ye Jing , Huang Fobao , He Guilu , Li Qiao , Zhang Liang
Published: September 2020

Objective:

This study aimed to improve the accuracy and efficacy of the keyhole transsylvian approach to remove hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage. The authors presented a stable keyhole craniotomy based on anterior squamous suture to expose insular cortex and basal ganglia.

Methods:

Twenty-nine patients with hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage were treated with keyhole surgery and studied in Guangdong sanjiu brain hospital.

Results:

By using a bone suture marked keyhole transsylvian approach, near-complete (90%) hematoma evacuation was achieved in 21 cases (72.4), 70% to 90% in 8 cases (24.1), and less than 70% in 1 case (3.4%). In our cohort, 55.1% (16/29) with good function (GOS score 4–5), 41.3% (12/29) with disability (GOS score 3), and 3.4% (1/29) in a vegetative state (GOS score 2). No patients died within 6 months of operation.

Conclusions:

Our method can greatly minimize the bone exposure and precisely located the distal Sylvian fissure. A stable keyhole craniotomy based on bone suture can be identically safe and effective in comparison with classic surgery, and it consumes less time and less intra-operative bleeding.
Diced Cartilage in Fibrin Glue for Dorsal Reconstruction as Part of Staged Paramedian Forehead Flap Reconstruction
Authors: Abdel-Aty Yassmeen , Prasad Navin , Hall Scott R. , Howard Brittany E.
Published: September 2020

The use of diced cartilage grafting is a powerful tool during rhinoplasty for dorsal augmentation; however, its application to nasal structural reconstruction has rarely been reported. Here we present a unique technique for Mohs defect reconstruction combining diced cartilage graft for dorsal augmentation and a folded paramedian forehead flap for soft tissue. A 54-year-old female presented with recurrent basal cell carcinoma of the nose that had been previously resected 3 times in the past. This was treated with Mohs surgery resulting in a through and through nasal defect. This was reconstructed with a staged folded paramedian forehead flap with staged. Due to a loss of dorsal volume and definition creating an excess supratip break, a diced cartilage graft with fibrin glue and temporalis fascia was used for dorsal augmentation. The use of diced cartilage has regained popularity over the last 2 decades with multiple techniques utilizing diced cartilage alone, wrapped in fascia, covered in fascia, wrapped in oxidized methylcellulose, or solidified with fibrin glue. Literature describing the use of fibrin glue suggests that it improves wound healing by promoting cartilage growth, stabilization, and diffusion of nutrients to the graft. Its malleable nature allows for adjustments after the initial placement. This report demonstrates the viability of diced cartilage graft for dorsal augmentation with a paramedian forehead flap for nasal reconstruction. This technique can serve as a powerful tool for the nasal reconstructive surgeon needing scaffolding to rebuild and define the nasal dorsum.
Global distribution of single amino acid polymorphisms in
Plasmodium vivax
Duffy-binding-like domain and implications for vaccine development efforts
Authors: Mittal Payal , Mishra Siddhartha , Kar Sonalika , Pande Veena , Sinha Abhinav , Sharma Amit
Published: September 2020

Plasmodium vivax
(
Pv
) malaria continues to be geographically widespread with approximately 15 million worldwide cases annually. Along with other proteins, Duffy-binding proteins (DBPs) are used by plasmodium for RBC invasion and the parasite-encoded receptor binding regions lie in their Duffy-binding-like (DBL) domains—thus making it a prime vaccine candidate. This study explores the sequence diversity in
Pv
DBL globally, with an emphasis on India as it remains a major contributor to the global
Pv
malaria burden. Based on 1358
Pv
DBL protein sequences available in NCBI, we identified 140 polymorphic sites within 315 residues of
Pv
DBL. Alarmingly, country-wise mapping of SAAPs from field isolates revealed varied and distinct polymorphic profiles for different nations. We report here 31 polymorphic residue positions in the global SAAP profile, most of which map to the
Pv
DBL subdomain 2 (
α
1–
α
6). A distinct clustering of SAAPs distal to the DARC-binding sites is indicative of immune evasive strategies by the parasite. Analyses of
Pv
DBL-neutralizing antibody complexes revealed that between 24% and 54% of interface residues are polymorphic. This work provides a framework to recce and expand the polymorphic space coverage in
Pv
DBLs as this has direct implications for vaccine development studies. It also emphasizes the significance of surveying global SAAP distributions before or alongside the identification of vaccine candidates.
Cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate mammalian digit tip regeneration
Authors: Storer Mekayla A. , Miller Freda D.
Published: September 2020

Digit tip regeneration is one of the few examples of true multi-tissue regeneration in an adult mammal. The key step in this process is the formation of the blastema, a transient proliferating cell mass that generates the different cell types of the digit to replicate the original structure. Failure to form the blastema results in a lack of regeneration and has been postulated to be the reason why mammalian limbs cannot regrow following amputation. Understanding how the blastema forms and functions will help us to determine what is required for mammalian regeneration to occur and will provide insights into potential therapies for mammalian tissue regeneration and repair. This review summarizes the cellular and molecular mechanisms that influence murine blastema formation and govern digit tip regeneration.
Faraday waves in soft elastic solids
Authors: Bevilacqua Giulia , Shao Xingchen , Saylor John R. , Bostwick Joshua B. , Ciarletta Pasquale
Published: September 2020

Recent experiments have observed the emergence of standing waves at the free surface of elastic bodies attached to a rigid oscillating substrate and subjected to critical values of forcing frequency and amplitude. This phenomenon, known as Faraday instability, is now well understood for viscous fluids but surprisingly eluded any theoretical explanation for soft solids. Here, we characterize Faraday waves in soft incompressible slabs using the Floquet theory to study the onset of harmonic and subharmonic resonance eigenmodes. We consider a ground state corresponding to a finite homogeneous deformation of the elastic slab. We transform the incremental boundary value problem into an algebraic eigenvalue problem characterized by the three dimensionless parameters, that characterize the interplay of gravity, capillary and elastic waves. Remarkably, we found that Faraday instability in soft solids is characterized by a harmonic resonance in the physical range of the material parameters. This seminal result is in contrast to the subharmonic resonance that is known to characterize viscous fluids, and opens the path for using Faraday waves for a precise and robust experimental method that is able to distinguish solid-like from fluid-like responses of soft matter at different scales.
Equilibria and stability of four point vortices on a sphere
Authors: Dritschel David G.
Published: September 2020

This paper discusses the problem of finding the equilibrium positions of four point vortices, of generally unequal circulations, on the surface of a sphere. A random search method is developed which uses a modification of the linearized equations to converge on distinct equilibria. Many equilibria (47 and possibly more) may exist for prescribed circulations and angular impulse. A linear stability analysis indicates that they are generally unstable, though stable equilibria do exist. Overall, there is a surprising diversity of equilibria, including those which rotate about an axis opposite to the angular impulse vector.
Pseudomonas xionganensis sp. nov., isolated from Baiyangdian Lake in Xiong'an New Area
Authors: Zhao Yingying , Yang Yunzhen , He Fei , Wang Chao , Feng Jie , Zhang Xiumin
Published: September 2020

An aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated as strain R-22–3 w-18T, was isolated from Baiyangdian Lake in Xiong'an New Area, PR China. Growth was observed at 15–37 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and pH 7.0–10.0 (optimum, pH 8.0). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed the strain in a separate branch in the

Pseudomonas putida

group, with

Pseudomonas anguilliseptica

DSM12111T as its closest phylogenetic relative (98.2 %). Whole-genome comparisons, using average nucleotide identity (ANI), average amino acid identity (AAI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) analyses, confirmed low genome relatedness to the closely related

Pseudomonas

species [below the recommended thresholds of 95 % (ANI), 95 % (AAI) and 70 % (DDH) for species delineation]. Phenotypic characterization tests could also distinguish this strain from other related species of the genus

Pseudomonas

. Therefore, based on genetic and phenotypic evidence, it is clear that strain R-22–3 w-18T represents a novel species of the genus

Pseudomonas

, for which the name Pseudomonas xionganensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is R-22–3 w-18T (=CGMCC 1.17250T=KCTC 72658T).
Preparation (mis)perception: effects of involvement on food attributes and desirability
Authors: Lefebvre Sarah , Orlowski Marissa
Published: September 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to assess the effect of involvement in food preparation on estimated calorie content, perception of portion size and desirability of the food item.

Design/methodology/approach

To test the hypotheses, three between-subjects experiments (one online, two in a laboratory setting) were conducted. Across the three experiments, participants were presented with a food item either ready for consumption (low involvement) or with the individual ingredients in need of assembly prior to consumption (high involvement).

Findings

Results showed that when a consumer is involved in the preparation of their food, they perceive the food to be lower in calories and smaller in portion size than when the same food is presented fully prepared and ready-to-eat. In addition, the effect of food preparation involvement on perception of portion size has negative downstream consequences on food desirability, as a smaller perceived portion resulted in a less desirable food item.

Originality/value

To the authors’ knowledge, the results of this research are the first to focus on the impact of preparation involvement on perceptions of the specific product attributes of calorie content and portion size, and the downstream effect on desirability.
The impact of anonymous, two-way, computer-mediated communication on perceived whistleblower credibility
Authors: Young Jacob A. , Courtney James F. , Bennett Rebecca J. , Ellis Timothy Selwyn , Posey Clay
Published: September 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of two-way, computer-mediated communication on investigator perceptions of whistleblower credibility.

Design/methodology/approach

Investigators were recruited to participate in an online experiment that tasked subjects with evaluating simulated two-way, computer-mediated communication between an investigator and whistleblower. Several rival explanations were also examined to account for potential confounds.

Findings

While anonymous whistleblowers were perceived to be less credible than identified whistleblowers when reporting via one-way communication, perceived whistleblower credibility was not statistically different when using two-way communication. Further, investigators allocated statistically similar amounts to investigate anonymous and identified reports.

Research limitations/implications

Based upon the results of this study, several new research directions can be explored with respect to maintaining anonymity, assessing credibility and designing reporting systems.

Practical implications

The results support the use of anonymous, two-way communication in whistleblowing reporting systems. Anonymous whistleblowers would benefit from the ability to maintain an active dialogue with investigators without jeopardizing their safety or the investigation.

Social implications

This study provides empirical support for strengthening whistleblowing reporting channels through the adoption of anonymous, two-way, computer-mediated communication. Doing so can better preserve the anonymity of those willing to report wrongdoing and better protect them from potential retaliation.

Originality/value

This study is among the first to empirically test the longstanding theory that anonymous reports are perceived by investigators as less credible than those from identified individuals. This study is also among the first to consider and incorporate anonymous, two-way communication in whistleblowing reporting.
Consensus on the definition of social entrepreneurship: a content analysis approach
Authors: Wu Yenchun Jim , Wu Tienhua , Arno Sharpe Jeremiah
Published: September 2020

Purpose

This study aims to reach academic consensus on key factors and boundaries used in defining the concepts of “social entrepreneurship” (SEsh), “social entrepreneur” (SE), and “social enterprise” (SEV). This study also explores the complex relationships among social/business enterprises, definitional categories and factors, missions, and impacts on effectiveness of practices and organizing for venture success.

Design/methodology/approach

Content analysis is conducted on articles published from 1998 to 2016 in peer-reviewed academic journals in the fields of management and organization. Furthermore, 80 articles are obtained and analyzed in terms of factors and frequently used terms for unified definitions and their intertwined linkages.

Findings

The unifying factors for the definitions of SEsh, SE, and SEV include primary mission and processes and resources. Strong linkages are observed between SEsh and actors, SE and characteristics, and SEV and organizational form. Results indicate that definitional categories and factors share numerous joint terms that can be used to propose unified definitions. This study identifies the effective interactions of variables among social mission, capabilities to manage resources and processes, entrepreneurial characteristics of actors, and forms of ventures in a process that provides potential for organizational sustainability and impact maximization.

Research limitations/implications

This paper contributes to research by identifying clear and agreed-upon factors and traits as boundaries to propose definitions that can advance the legitimacy of social entrepreneurship as an academic field worthy of future exploration.

Practical implications

The findings emphasize social mission that achieves public benefits while preventing mission drift. Economic value and choice of organizational form can advance the fulfillment of objectives and governance practices. This study also presents the key influencing factors at various stages of an entrepreneurial process to determine how these concepts interact to increase the likelihood of organizational emergence and survival.

Originality/value

This work is the first to systematically review management and organizational literature on the key factors and terms that constitute the distinct definitions of SEsh, SE, and SEV and help clarify their complex relations in an entrepreneurial process.
Food tourism: cooking holiday experiences in East Asia
Authors: Chang Janet , Okumus Bendegul , Wang Chih-Hung , Chiu Chien-Yin
Published: September 2020

Purpose

This study aims to investigate how the “cooking holiday” concept can be used by tourism authorities and practitioners and, to that end, proposes a hierarchical framework for improving culinary tourism.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopted the Delphi method to filter and verify the criteria, thereby constructing a hierarchical framework of cooking holidays in Taiwan. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was also applied to calculate the relative weight of each attribute and criterion, thus identifying their degrees of importance.

Findings

Four attributes (“local food,” “food trail,” “cooking experience” and “environment and atmosphere”) and 22 criteria were identified to comprise a cooking holiday experience framework. Research findings reveal “cooking experience” as the most crucial of the four attributes identified. Of the more numerous criteria, “ingredients with integrity,” “local features” and “diverse curriculum” were identified as the three most important.

Research limitations/implications

The hierarchical framework of cooking holiday experiences can be used by tourism authorities and practitioners to enhance experiential quality for tourists and promote culinary tourism in Taiwan. According to the research findings, cooking class participants can concentrate on the “cooking experience” while emphasizing “ingredients with integrity,” “local features” and “diverse curricula” in the context of cooking holidays.

Originality/value

This study offers valuable insights and suggests directions for future research on culinary tourism. This study also offers a framework for developing cooking holidays.
Variable expression of Van der Woude syndrome: A case report
Authors: Altuntaş Zeynep , Ismayilzade Majid , Altuntaş Mahmut , Yildirim Mehmet E. C.
Published: September 2020

Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is an autosomal dominant disorder with a rare clinical manifestation of orofacial disorders with deletion in the 1q32‐q41 chromosome band. In our study we present a clinical case of a 1‐year old boy with a bilateral cleft lip, a cleft palate and bilateral congenital pits on the lower lip and a father with various clinical presentations of VWS.
Tracing Complexity: The Case of Archaeology
Authors: Dan‐Cohen Talia
Published: September 2020

Complexity is everywhere. From biology to genomics, from anthropology to public policy, experts are marveling at the complexity of the phenomena they study. Yet in recent years, scholars have warned against taking all of this complexity at face value. In this spirit, this article frames “complexity” as an epistemic artifact traceable through particular histories and traditions of knowledge‐making. Attributions of relative complexity to different societies have a long history in anthropology. Archaeologists, in particular, have defined and redefined, debated and deconstructed complexity, leaving behind a lively textual trail. Examining this trail as a case study, the article investigates some of the different and sometimes conflicting logics behind what gets to count as complex, when, and why, as well as behind the more general expansion of complexity's reach in recent decades. By doing so, it exemplifies a way of approaching complexity as an anthropological problem and as a dominant problematic of our times. [knowledge, complexity, epistemology, archaeology]
Mycoplasma pneumoniae lipids license TLR-4 for activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy to evoke a proinflammatory response
Authors: Luo H , He J , Qin L , Chen Y , Chen L , Li R , Zeng Y , Zhu C , You X , Wu Y
Published: September 2020

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an obligate pathogen that causes pneumonia, tracheobronchitis, pharyngitis and asthma in humans. It is well recognized that membrane lipoproteins are immunostimulants exerting as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory responses upon M. pneumoniae infection. Here, we report that the M. pneumoniae-derived lipids are another proinflammatory agents. Using an antibody-neutralizing assay, RNA interference or specific inhibitors, we found that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) is essential for M. pneumoniae lipid-induced tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β production. We also demonstrate that NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome (NLRP3) inflammasome, autophagy and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-dependent pathways are critical for the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, while inhibition of TLR-4 significantly abrogates these events. Further characterization revealed that autophagy-mediated inflammatory responses involved the activation of NF-κB. In addition, the activation of NF-κB promoted lipid-induced autophagosome formation, as revealed by assays using pharmacological inhibitors, 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and Bay 11-7082, or silencing of atg5 and beclin-1. These findings suggest that, unlike the response to lipoprotein stimulation, the inflammation in response to M. pneumoniae lipids is mediated by the TLR-4 pathway, which subsequently initiates the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and formation of a positive feedback loop between autophagy and NF-κB signalling cascade, ultimately promoting TNF-α and Il-1β production in macrophages.
Metabolic and hormonal side effects of mitotane treatment for adrenocortical carcinoma: A retrospective study in 50 Danish patients
Authors: Vikner Malene Elbæk , Krogh Jesper , Daugaard Gedske , Andreassen Mikkel
Published: September 2020

Objective

Mitotane is used in the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). Metabolic and hormonal side effects of mitotane, the effect of subsequent treatment with statins and hormones and the effects of discontinuation of mitotane were assessed.

Patients and methods

Fifty patients were included. Lipid profiles, thyroid hormones, sex hormones and adrenal function from first year of mitotane treatment and after cessation were evaluated.

Results

After 6 months of mitotane treatment total cholesterol increased from (median) 5.1 (IQR 4.3 to 5.8) to 7.4 (6.2–9.0) mmol/L, p < .001. LDL, HDL and triglyceride also increased, all p ≤ .03. Three months of treatment with statins decreased total and LDL‐cholesterol, and cessation of mitotane led to further reduction in lipids. Plasma thyroxine decreased from 90 (78–111) to 57 (47–63) nmol/L and free thyroxine from 16.0 (13.0–18.3) to 11.7 (10.5–12.6) pmol/L on mitotane, both p < .001, while TSH remained unchanged. Treatment with thyroxin significantly increased plasma thyroxine and free thyroxine and decreased TSH. Cessation of mitotane increased total T4 (p < .001). Mitotane increased plasma SHBG from 36 (22–51) to 189 (85–259) nmol/L and LH from 4.6 (1.6–8.1) to 20.0 (10.0–34.9) IU/L, both p < .001. In males the changes were accompanied by an increase in testosterone from 9.8 (7.2–14.5) to 27.0 (15.3–34.8) nmol/L, p < .03. Fifteen of 24 tested patients regained normal adrenal function 6 (3–16) months after cessation of mitotane.

Conclusions

Mitotane treatment exerts multiple severe side effects involving both the metabolic and endocrine systems that may require treatment, but the effect appears to be partially reversible.
Multi‐center study of endoscopic revision after side‐by‐side metal stent placement for malignant hilar biliary obstruction
Authors: Inoue Tadahisa , Naitoh Itaru , Suzuki Yuta , Okumura Fumihiro , Haneda Kenichi , Kitano Rena , Yoshida Michihiro , Hayashi Kazuki , Yoneda Masashi
Published: September 2020

Background

The recent development of ultra‐thin delivery systems, which enable simultaneous insertion of two metal stents, has encouraged wider adoption of side‐by‐side (SBS) stent placement for malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO). However, the management of stent occlusion after SBS placement has not been well‐characterized. This study aimed to examine the outcomes of endoscopic reintervention (E‐RI) after SBS placement in patients with MHBO.

Methods

Sixty‐seven patients who underwent E‐RI for stent occlusion after SBS placement between 2013 and 2020 at three tertiary‐care referral centers were investigated. We evaluated the technical success, clinical success, recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO), and adverse events other than RBO rates associated with E‐RI. Furthermore, the factors associated with successful E‐RI were also evaluated.

Results

The technical success and clinical success rates were 79.1% (53/67) and 76.1% (51/67), respectively. Early adverse events other than RBO occurred in 4.5% (3/67) and late events in 3.9% (2/51). The RBO rate after E‐RI was 52.9% (27/51), and the median time to RBO after E‐RI was 85 days. Common bile duct (CBD) diameter (odds ratio 2.62; 95% confidence interval, 1.37–5.01; P = 0.003) and metastatic disease (odds ratio, 0.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.02–0.64; P = 0.015) were independently correlated with E‐RI success in the multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that E‐RI after SBS placement is technically feasible and safe, but the success rate was significantly lower in patients with narrow CBDs and metastatic diseases. These factors may be useful for the selection of the initial stenting method.
Development of a hypoglycaemia risk score to identify high‐risk individuals with advanced type 2 diabetes in DEVOTE
Authors: Heller Simon , Lingvay Ildiko , Marso Steven P. , Philis‐Tsimikas Athena , Pieber Thomas R. , Poulter Neil R. , Pratley Richard E. , Hachmann‐Nielsen Elise , Kvist Kajsa , Lange Martin , Moses Alan C. , Trock Andresen Marie , Buse John B. ,   DEVOTE Study Group
Published: September 2020

Aims

The ability to differentiate patient populations with type 2 diabetes at high risk of severe hypoglycaemia could impact clinical decision making. The aim of this study was to develop a risk score, using patient characteristics, that could differentiate between populations with higher and lower 2‐year risk of severe hypoglycaemia among individuals at increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Materials and methods

Two models were developed for the risk score based on data from the DEVOTE cardiovascular outcomes trials. The first, a data‐driven machine‐learning model, used stepwise regression with bidirectional elimination to identify risk factors for severe hypoglycaemia. The second, a risk score based on known clinical risk factors accessible in clinical practice identified from the data‐driven model, included: insulin treatment regimen; diabetes duration; sex; age; and glycated haemoglobin, all at baseline. Both the data‐driven model and simple risk score were evaluated for discrimination, calibration and generalizability using data from DEVOTE, and were validated against the external LEADER cardiovascular outcomes trial dataset.

Results

Both the data‐driven model and the simple risk score discriminated between patients at higher and lower hypoglycaemia risk, and performed similarly well based on the time‐dependent area under the curve index (0.63 and 0.66, respectively) over a 2‐year time horizon.

Conclusions

Both the data‐driven model and the simple hypoglycaemia risk score were able to discriminate between patients at higher and lower risk of severe hypoglycaemia, the latter doing so using easily accessible clinical data. The implementation of such a tool (http://www.hyporiskscore.com/) may facilitate improved recognition of, and education about, severe hypoglycaemia risk, potentially improving patient care.
OLFM4 polymorphisms predict septic shock survival after major surgery
Authors: Pérez‐García Felipe , Resino Salvador , Gómez‐Sánchez Esther , Gonzalo‐Benito Hugo , Fernández‐Rodríguez Amanda , Lorenzo‐López Mario , Heredia‐Rodríguez María , Gómez‐Pesquera Estefanía , Tamayo Eduardo , Jiménez‐Sousa Maria Ángeles ,   Group of Biomedical Research in Critical Care Medicine (BioCritic)
Published: September 2020

Background

Higher expression of olfactomedin‐4 (OLFM4), a gene regulated by nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB), has been related to a higher risk of organ failure and death in patients with septic shock. We aimed to evaluate the association between OLFM4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and septic shock‐related death in 175 patients who underwent major surgery, as well as its performance in predicting mortality.

Materials and methods

We carried out a retrospective study. A total of seven OLFM4 SNPs were genotyped by Agena Bioscience's MassARRAY platform. Statistical analysis was performed by Kaplan‐Meier and Cox regression tests. The diagnostic performance for predicting septic shock‐related death was evaluated by the area under the receiver‐operating characteristic (AUROC) curve.

Results

Patients with rs17552047 A allele and rs1891944 TT genotype had higher survival than patients with rs17552047 G allele (P‐value = .024) and patients with rs1891944 CC/CT genotype (P‐value = .038). However, only rs17552047 was associated with a lower risk of death under an additive inheritance model (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.27‐0.71). The multivariate model with the most significant clinical variables (lactate, chronic kidney disease, peritonitis, heart disease and elective surgery) showed an AUROC of 0.776 for predicting septic shock‐related death. When we added the OLFM4 rs17552047 SNP to the previous model, the AUROC was 0.811 and was close to reaching significant differences with the previous model (P‐value = .065).

Conclusion

OLFM4 rs17552047 A allele predicts septic shock survival in patients who underwent major surgery. Furthermore, rs17552047, together with clinical variables, could be useful to predict the outcome of septic shock.
Data breaches and corporate liquidity management
Authors: Boasiako Kwabena A. , Keefe Michael O'Connor
Published: September 2020

This paper investigates the effects of data breach disclosure laws and the subsequent disclosure of data breaches on the cash policies of corporations in the United States. Exploiting a series of natural experiments regarding staggered state‐level data breach disclosure laws, we find that the passage of mandatory disclosure laws leads to an increase in cash holdings. Our finding suggests that mandatory data breach disclosure laws increase the risks related to data breaches. Further, we find firms that suffer data breaches adjust their financial policies by holding more cash as well as decreasing external finance and investment.
Do governments keep their promises? An analysis of speeches from the throne
Authors: Kennedy John , Alcantara Christopher , A Armstrong David
Published: September 2020

Political parties regularly make promises to the public about what they hope to accomplish if and when they are elected to office. Once in office, the winning party, usually via the executive branch, announces its agenda by delivering a “speech from the throne” or a “state of the union/nation” address in the legislature. To what extent are governments able to fulfill the promises they make in these speeches? To answer this question, we investigate the impact of three structural constraints on promise fulfillment over time—procedural (e.g., majority vs. minority configurations); informational (e.g., new vs. incumbent governments); and economic (economic recession)—using an original dataset drawn from Canadian speeches from the throne between 1962 and 2013. Our findings, which both challenge and confirm the findings of existing literature on promise fulfillment, suggest that only procedural and economic constraints matter.