bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sexually Transmitted Infections and Associated Conditions Among Women Who Have Sex with Women
Authors: Singh Devika , Marrazzo Jeanne M.
Published: April 2014

Available data support that women who have sex with women (WSW) are at risk for a variety of sexually
transmitted infections (STI) and vaginitis. Risk of STI transmission in this group depends on the specific STI under
consideration and the sexual practices involved. Data demonstrates that WSW receive less standard gynecologic screening
than their heterosexual counterparts. This may be due, in part, to provider and patient assessment of risk. Based on
available evidence, there is a need to increase provider education on the sexual health of WSW. Moreover, enhancement
of STI screening guidelines that specifically mention WSW, particularly for cervical cancer and infections caused by C.
trachomatis, are essential.
Microbial Community Analysis of a Single Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell Using Potato Wastewater
Authors: Li Zhen , Haynes Rishika , Sato Eugene , Shields Malcolm S. , Fujita Yoshiko , Sato Chikashi
Published: April 2014

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) convert chemical energy to electrical energy via bio‐electrochemical reactions mediated by microorganisms. This study investigated the diversity of the microbial community in an air cathode single chamber MFC that used potato‐process wastewater as substrate. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism results indicated that the bacterial communities on the anode, cathode, control electrode, and MFC bulk fluid were similar, but differed dramatically from that of the anaerobic domestic sludge and potato wastewater inoculum. The 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing results showed that microbial species detected on the anode were predominantly within the phyla of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. Fluorescent microscopy results indicated that there was a clear enhancement of biofilm formation on the anode. Results of this study could help improve understanding of the complexity of microbial communities and optimize the microbial composition for generating electricity by MFCs that use potato wastewater.
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies on the Removal of Oil from Water Using Superhydrophobic Kapok Fiber
Authors: Wang Jintao , Zheng Yian , Wang Aiqin
Published: April 2014

In this paper, an oil sorbent based on superhydrophobic kapok fiber fabricated by the sol‐gel method was used for the selective sorption of oil from the surface of artificial seawater. The effects of process parameters such as seawater pH, seawater temperature, and contact time on the extent of oil sorption were investigated. The as‐prepared fiber showed higher oil sorption capacity than raw fiber in both the trenchant acid and alkaline seawater environment. Results of the kinetic studies show that the sorption process follows pseudo‐second‐order reaction kinetics. The thermodynamic investigations demonstrate that the sorption process is spontaneous and endothermic. In addition, the as‐prepared fiber can float on the water surface after the sorption of oil, which facilitates the post‐processing of oil‐loaded fiber. The modified fiber might provide a simple method for the removal and collection of oil on the water surface.
Remedy for Radiation Fear — Discard the Politicized Science
Authors: Cuttler Jerry M.
Published: April 2014

The great tragedy of science—the slaying of a beautiful hypothesis by an ugly fact. —Huxley TH. English biologist (1825–1895)

Seeking a remedy for the radiation fear in Japan, the author re-examined an article on radiation hormesis. It describes the background for this fear and evidence in the first UNSCEAR report of a reduction in leukemia of the Hiroshima survivors in the low dose zone. The data are plotted and dose-response models are drawn. While UNSCEAR suggested the extra leukemia incidence is proportional to radiation dose, the data are consistent with a hormetic J-shape and a threshold at about 100 rem (1 Sv). UNSCEAR data on lifespan reduction of mammals exposed continuously to gamma rays indicate a 2 gray/year threshold. This contradicts the conceptual basis for radiation protection and risk determination established in 1956–58. In this paper, beneficial effects and thresholds for harmful effects are discussed, and the biological mechanism is explained. The key point: the rate of DNA damage (double-strand breaks) caused by background radiation is 1000 times less than the endogenous (spontaneous) rate. It is the effect of radiation on an organism's very powerful adaptive protection systems that determines the dose-response characteristic. Low radiation up-regulates the protection systems, while high radiation impairs these systems. The remedy for radiation fear is to expose and discard the politicized science.
Gene Expression during Imidacloprid-Induced Hormesis in Green Peach Aphid
Authors: Ayyanath Murali-Mohan , Cutler G. Christopher , Scott-Dupree Cynthia D. , Prithiviraj Balakrishnan , Kandasamy Saveetha , Prithiviraj Kalyani
Published: April 2014

Imidacloprid-induced hormesis in the form of stimulated reproduction has previously been reported in green peach aphid, Myzus persicae. Changes in gene expression accompanying this hormetic response have not been previously investigated. In this study, expression of stress response (Hsp60), dispersal ( OSD, TOL and ANT), and developmental (FPPS I) genes were examined for two generations during imidacloprid-induced reproductive stimulation in M. persicae. Global DNA methylation was also measured to test the hypothesis that changes in gene expression are heritable. At hormetic concentrations, down-regulation of Hsp60 was followed by up-regulation of this gene in the subsequent generation. Likewise, expression of dispersal-related genes and FPPS I varied with concentration, life stage, and generation. These results indicate that reproductive hormesis in M. persicae is accompanied by a complex transgenerational pattern of up- and down-regulation of genes that likely reflects trade-offs in gene expression and related physiological processes during the phenotypic dose-response. Moreover, DNA methylation in second generation M. persicae occurred at higher doses than in first-generation aphids, suggesting that heritable adaptability to low doses of the stressor might have occurred.
Two Men with Advanced Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Operate a Computer-Aided Television System through Mouth or Throat Microswitches
Authors: Lancioni Giulio E. , Ferlisi Gabriele , Zullo Valeria , Settembre Manuela F. , O'Reilly Mark F. , Singh Nirbhay N. , Sigafoos Jeff
Published: April 2014

This study assessed a simple technology to enable two men affected by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, in an advanced stage (i.e., with pervasive motor disabilities and lack of speech), to operate a computer-aided television system. The technology included microswitches, a portable computer, an interface connecting the microswitches to the computer, a commercial software package to allow the possibility of watching television via computer, and specific software to allow microswitch activations to be recorded as forward commands for channel change. The participants (a) gained control over the television programs to watch or not to watch (i.e., through channel changes) and (b) showed increased attention to the programs (i.e., an increase in their watching time). The practical relevance of the findings, the integration of the technology used in this study within the participants' wider recreation and communication program, and ways of extending the research were discussed.
Happy Twitter Tweets are More Likely in American States with Lower Levels of Resident Neuroticism
Authors: McCann Stewart J. H.
Published: April 2014

Relations between Big Five personality scores aggregated at the American state level and the happiness of Twitter tweet content emanating from each of the 50 American states were explored with the 50 states as the units of analysis. Tweet happiness correlated negatively with Neuroticism, and the relation remained when partial correlation and multiple regression adjusted and controlled for state socioeconomic status, white population percent, and urban population percent. In contrast, state levels of Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, and Agreeableness showed no relation to state levels of the happiness of tweet content.
Review of Trimester-Specific Gestational Weight Gain and Childhood Adiposity
Authors: Thapa K
Published: April 2014

Childhood obesity is a global epidemic and a major public health challenge. There has been increasing evidence that intrauterine exposures, such as alcohol, smoking, and maternal nutritional status, may affect both the long and short term health consequences of the mother and offspring. Childhood adiposity may be affected by the mother’s pre-pregnancy weight and her weight gain during pregnancy. Consequently, interventions may need to start before conception of the child to prevent childhood obesity. In 2009, the Institute of Medicine updated its gestational weight gain recommendations by incorporating rates of gestational weight gain in the second and third trimesters based on the mother’s pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index. There is extensive research on the association between total gestational weight gain and short-term offspring adiposity. However, this review focuses on the association between trimester-specific gestational weight gain and childhood adiposity for singleton pregnancies with respect to the Institute of Medicine’s newly defined weight gain recommendations as very few studies have examined the association between the gestational weight gain during each trimester and childhood adiposity. Identifying the trimester that is most associated with childhood adiposity may help in the development of targeted interventions, guide physician’s nutritional and weight-gain recommendations for child-bearing mothers, and direct future research. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i1.8429   J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(1):48-53
Recurrent pneumonia-H type Tracheoesophageal fistula, diagnostic dilemma.
Authors: Adhikari S , Malla K , Poudyal P
Published: April 2014

Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) without associated esophageal atresia (EA) is a rare congenital anomaly.  Most of the children are treated for episodes of pneumonia prior to definitive diagnosis.  A 5 months infant presented with recurrent pneumonia and diagnosis of H type TEF was made with contrast esophagram.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i1.8517   J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(1):71-73
Neurofibromatosis
Authors: Sharma D , Murki S , Madhavi V
Published: April 2014

Neurofibromatosis is a genetically-inherited disorder in which the nerve tissue grows tumors (neurofibromas) that may be benign and may cause serious damage by compressing nerves and other tissues. Neurofibromatosis is an autosomal dominant disorder, which means only one copy of the affected gene is needed for the disorder to develop(1). We report a baby who was admitted with us in view of prematurity (34 weeks gestation ) and low birth weight (1.32 Kg). Baby’s  mother was antenatally diagnosed with NF 1(figure no 1,2). Baby had multiple café au lait spots all over the bodies (figure no 3,4). Baby was discharged from nursery in well condition.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i1.8535 J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(1):81-82
Snodgrass Tubularized Incised Plate Urethroplasty for Distal and Midpenile Hypospadias
Authors: Thapa B , Pun M
Published: April 2014

Introduction: Despite hundreds of repair techniques for hypospadias, the introduction of tubularized incised plate urethroplasty (TIP) by Warren T. Snodgrass has become popular because of good functional and cosmetic outcome. The objective of this study was to share our experience of Snodgrass tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty for the repair of distal and mid-penile hypospadias. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was carried out for a period of 24 months. It included 46 male patients with the mean age of 4.1 years (18 months to 10 years). Proximal hypospadias and those distal with moderate to severe chordee were excluded. All cases underwent TIP urethroplasty as described by Snodgrass and the neourethra was covered by single or double layer of dorsal prepucial layer. The results were analyzed on the basis of duration of surgery, types of postoperative complications like urethrocutaneous fistula, meatal stenosis and wound dehiscence. Functional results assessed with ease of voiding, force and direction of urinary stream and cosmetic with external look of penis. Results: The overall complication rate requiring surgical intervention was 8 (17.3%). Mean duration of surgery was 66 minutes (60-80 minutes). Urethrocutaneous fistula occurred in 5 (10.8%), meatal stenosis in 1 (2.1%) and wound dehiscence in 2 (4.3%) patient. The cosmetic appearance was excellent in all patients involved in this study except 2 cases of wound dehiscence. All of them had vertically oriented slit like meatus with straight urinary stream. Conclusion: Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty gives good functional and excellent cosmetic results with low rate of complications in distal and mid-penile hypospadias. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i1.8692 J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(1):29-33
Neonatal Purpura Fulminans
Authors: Sharma D , Yadav J
Published: April 2014

Neonatal purpura fulminans is a rare, life-threatening condition of dermal microvascular thrombosis associated with DIC and perivascular hemorrhage in the newborn period associated with high morbidity and mortality [1]. Gram negative organisms and Staphylococcus species are the most common causes of the acute infectious type [2]. It may be congenital, as a result of protein C and S deficiency, or acquired due to severe infection. It is characterized by the rapid spread of symmetrical, bluish-black hemorrhages into the skin, affecting mainly the extensor surfaces of the extremities and showing a tendency to deep necrosis and the formation of sero-sanguineous bullae. The haemorrhagic areas are well defined and are surrounded by oedema. These lesions are accompanied by a high fever and intense systemic symptoms.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i1.8975 J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(1):80
Adverse Events of Exchange Transfusion in Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Chitlangia M , Shah GS , Poudel P , Mishra OP
Published: April 2014

Introduction: Jaundice is an important problem during neonatal period. When total serum bilirubin (TSB) level exceeds a critical limit, it crosses the blood brain barrier and results into bilirubin encephalopathy. The main aim of therapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is prevention of bilirubin encephalopathy by phototherapy and/or exchange transfusion. The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of exchange transfusion (ET) and observe the adverse events during and following three days of ET in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. Materials and Method: Hospital based cross-sectional descriptive study. All neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit and /or paediatric wards of a tertiary- care centre between September 2010 to March 2012, requiring ET were enrolled. Results: A total of 139 ETs were performed in 120 neonates. The common causes were ABO incompatibility (30.8%), prematurity (30.8%), idiopathic (27.5%), Rh isoimmunization (6.7%) and cephalhematoma (4.2%). Mean pre- ET total serum bilirubin (TSB) was 24.2 mg% dL. There was 58% reduction in TSB in post ET and 31% net reduction in 6 hr post ET. Term and preterm neonates showed equal percentage of TSB reduction. Respiratory distress (10.8%) and bradycardia (6.7%) were the common adverse events during, and hypocalcemia (98.3%) and thrombocytopenia (34.2%) in 3 days following ET. The sick neonates had significantly higher incidence of thrombocytopenia (p= 0.031), respiratory distress (p=0.009), apnea (p<0.001) and cardiorespiratory arrest (p<0.001). Overall mortality was 4.2%, and non-survivors were mostly low birth weight, born outside the present hospital and had higher incidence of adverse events. Conclusion: Exchange transfusion is an effective intervention in reducing the serum bilirubin level. However, these neonates require monitoring of ionised calcium and thrombocytopenia. Sick neonates had higher incidence of adverse events than healthy and close clinical monitoring is needed to improve the outcome. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i1.9030   J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(1):7-13
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Fourteen Years Experience of a Single Institution
Authors: Sah KP , Shrestha PN
Published: April 2014

Introduction: Leukemia commonly known as blood cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm in childhood accounting for about 41 % of all malignancies that occur in children younger than 15 year of age. The objectives of this study were to find out the clinico-laboratory features and survival of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) during fourteen years in pediatric oncology unit of a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at Kanti Children’s Hospital (KCH) from March 1998 to March 2012. Bone marrow aspiration showing ≥25 % blast cells was the criteria for diagnosis of ALL. Results: Out of 755 childhood cancers reported in this hospital during study period, total number of Acute leukemia patients were 375 (49.7%). Among acute leukemia, patients with ALL were 300, which was 80.0 % among all leukemias and 39.7% of all cases of cancers. Among cases of ALL, L1, L2 and L3 constituted 163 (54.3%), 131 (43.7%) and 6 (2%) respectively. The age of the children with acute leukemia ranged from six months to fourteen years, with a mean age of 7.3 years. The majority of children (61.7 %) with ALL fell into the age group of 2-9 years. Males: Female ratio was (M:F=1.3:1 ). The most common presenting features in ALL were fever (89.2 %), followed by splenomegaly (89.1%), hepatomegaly (69.2%) and lymphadenopathy (58.4 %). Among all patients, remission rate was 28.3% at ≥ 5 years, 17.7% were on maintenance, 30.3% abandoned treatment and 23.7 % died. Conclusion: This study showed that the patients on remission at ≥ 5 years in this centre were 28.3%. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i1.9056 J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(1):1-6
Serum Calcium Levels in Preterm and Term Neonates on Phototherapy
Authors: Arora S , Narang GS , Singh G
Published: April 2014

Introduction: In addition to known causes of hypocalcemia like, prematurity, Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), asphyxia, sepsis, infants of diabetic mothers (IDM), high phosphate formula, Magnesium deficiency, effect of phototherapy on serum calcium levels has caught attention of researchers from time to time. The objectives of this study were to evaluate serum calcium levels in relation to duration of phototherapy, single surface Vs double surface phototherapy in term and preterm neonates. Materials and Methods: This study was done in a neonatal ICU of a tertiary care hospital. Hundred preterm and term neonates > 72 hrs of age with weight appropriate for gestational age were selected. Serum calcium levels were measured at the onset and after 24 hrs and 48 hrs of phototherapy and results were analyzed in both the groups. Results: Hypocalcemia was more frequently observed in term group as compared to preterm group. Hypocalcemia occurred more frequently after 48 hrs of continuous phototherapy in both groups. Hypocalcemia was more common under DSPT as compared to SSPT in both groups. Conclusion: Hypocalcemia is a significant problem in neonates subjected to phototherapy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i1.9165 J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(1):24-28
An Assessment of Drawing Age in Pre-School Children Using 'Draw-A-Man' Test
Authors: Raja S , John BM
Published: April 2014

Introduction: Goodenough-Harris ‘Draw-a-Man’ Test has been traditionally used as a simple tool to measure mental development in a child. There have very few studies looking at utility of ‘Draw a man’ test in the Indian subcontinent in the recent past. We carried out an assessment of correlation of drawing age with chronological age in pre-school children by the ‘Draw- a- man test’ and looked for any associations with respect to a deviation (delay or advancement) in the calculated drawing age.  Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 100 neurologically normal pre-school children between 36 to 72 months. The data was then analyzed with Pearson correlation and Chi square test on SPSS version 14.0 Result: There was a low positive correlation between drawing age and chronological age (Pearson correlation: r=+0.31, p=0.002).There were more boys (p=0.004) and more children with prematurity (p=0.012) in the group with low or equal drawing age compared to chronological age. Conclusion: In view of the low positive correlation found in our study, further studies with a larger sample need to be conducted to establish the ‘Draw-a-man’ test as a screening tool for mental age assessment in our subcontinent. We did find a significant association of deviation of drawing age from chronological age with respect to gender and prematurity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i1.9299   J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(1):14-17
Surgical Management of Spinal Dysraphism: Five -year Experience in a Central Hospital
Authors: Banskota N , Jha R , Khadka N , Sharma GR , Bista P , Kumar P
Published: April 2014

Introduction: Spinal dysraphism is a heterogeneous group of congenital spinal anomalies resulting from defective closure of the neural tube early in fetal life and anomalous development of the caudal cell mass. Meningomyelocele is common among Neural tube defects. Patients with myelomeningocele present with a spectrum of impairments, including primary functional deficits like are lower limb paralysis, sensory loss, bladderbowel dysfunction and cognitive dysfunction. Medical, surgical management and rehabilitation have helped patients with neural tube defects to participate and be productive in mainstream society. The aims of this study were to review the clinical presentation, surgical management and their outcome in the patient with spinal dysraphism. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of Forty-one cases of spinal dysraphism managed during a period of five years from January 2008 to December 2012 in Department of Neurosurgery, National Academy of Medical Sciences (NAMS), Bir Hospital. Demographic profiles, clinical presentation of patients with spinal dysraphism, associated hydocephalus, surgical management and outcome were studied. Results: Out of total 41 cases studied, male patients outnumbered female with 58.5% to 41.5%. Age ranged from 5 days to 29 years and mean age was 2.71 years whereas. Lump (97%) and paraparesis (88%) were frequent mode of presentation. Lumbar lesion (65%) was commonest followed by lumbosacral (29%). Hydrocephalus was present in 51% of cases and in 24% cases developed hydrocephalus later after repair. Total 75.6% of cases were treated with VP shunt. Conclusion: Spinal dysraphism is debilitating entity and management is challenging. Lump on back and weakness of limb are major factor for children and their parents seek medical service. Lesion in low back (lumbar and lumbosacral) were most common location. Besides repair, majority of them needed CSF diversion surgery for hydocephalus. Aim of surgical management was to prevent further deterioration, control of hydrocephalus or leak. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i1.9378 J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(1):34-38
Bleeding Meckel's Diverticulum in an Infant - A Case Report
Authors: Shrestha MK , Gurubacharya RL , Devkota K , Agarwal N
Published: April 2014

Meckel’s diverticulum is a congenital diverticulum. Mostly it is asymptomatic. In children the commonest complication is lower GI bleeding. High index of suspicion is required for its diagnosis. Technetium-99m pertechnetate scan is useful to detect ectopic gastric mucosa. Surgical treatment of symptomatic Meckel’s diverticulum is diverticulectomy or ileal resection.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i1.9523J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(1):54-56
Disseminated BCG Infection (BCGosis) After BCG Vaccination
Authors: Poudel P , Chitlangia M
Published: April 2014

BCG vaccine has excellent safety profile. Disseminated BCG infection, so called BCGosis and death have occurred in few cases, mainly in those with impaired immunity. We are reporting a seven month old infant who developed BCGosis after BCG vaccination. She presented with weight loss, fever, axillary lymphadenopathy and hepato-splenomegaly. She did not respond to standard antitubercular treatment. In the context of increasing number of reported cases of BCGois in HIV era, inoculation of BCG might be postponed in a suspected case of immune-deficiency disease, until it is ruled out. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i1.9679   J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(1):62-64
Communicable Diseases - Abstracts of Poster Presentations
Authors: Editor The
Published: April 2014

Abstracts of the Poster Presentations at the session on Communicable Diseases at the International Conference on Research Methodology and Research Writing (ICRMSW) 2013. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v4i2.10149
Mental Health - Abstracts of Poster Presentations
Authors: Editor The
Published: April 2014

Abstracts of the Poster Presentations at the session on Mental Health at the International Conference on Research Methodology and Research Writing (ICRMSW) 2013. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v4i2.10168
Maternal Health - Abstracts of Oral Presentations
Authors: Editor The
Published: April 2014

Abstracts of the Oral Presentations at the session on Maternal Health at the International Conference on Research Methodology and Research Writing (ICRMSW) 2013. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v4i2.10174
Nutrition and Health - Abstracts of Oral Presentations
Authors: Editor The
Published: April 2014

Abstracts of the Oral Presentations at the session on Nutrition and Health at the International Conference on Research Methodology and Research Writing (ICRMSW) 2013. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v4i2.10175
Tobacco and Alcohol - Abstracts of Oral Presentations
Authors: Editor The
Published: April 2014

Abstracts of the Oral Presentations at the session on Tobacco and Alcohol at the International Conference on Research Methodology and Research Writing (ICRMSW) 2013. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v4i2.10186
Open Papers - Abstracts of Oral Presentations
Authors: Editor The
Published: April 2014

Abstracts of the Oral Presentations at the Open Papers session at the International Conference on Research Methodology and Research Writing (ICRMSW) 2013. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v4i2.10187
Reciprocal Relationships: The Role of Government and the Social Economy in the Co-construction of Social Policy in Atlantic Canada
Authors: Myers Jan , MacDonald Martha
Published: April 2014

This paper reports on research exploring the contribution to social policy of social economy organizations (SEOs) in Atlantic Canada. Of particular interest is whether SEOs and government are engaged in what we have termed “reciprocal relationships,” through inclusive, cross-sector alliances linked to improved policy planning and decision-making. Initial findings suggest that reciprocity of relationships between government and SEOs to enhance policy solutions and service provision is not yet fully realized and that SEOs remain structurally marginalized in the design and implementation of policy. The paper points to investment in appropriate support mechanisms to make government-SEO alliances meaningful and more durable.
Michel Foucault, Postmodernity, Nietzsche, and Buddhism
Authors: Mayer John
Published: April 2014

Abstract:

This paper introduces some strands of thought that may account for Foucault thinking along the lines of post-modernity: existential concern with his homosexuality, Nietzschean ideas on transvaluing and overcoming of ressentiment, interest in Zen Buddhism and process thought, and an openness to cultural history and non-linear thinking.
Ronald Thiemann's Theologia Crucis and the Task of Public Theology
Authors: Jones Paul Dafydd
Published: April 2014

Abstract:

This article suggests that a Luther-inspired understanding of the “blessed exchange”—Christ bearing the sins of humankind on the cross while communicating to humankind a justifying righteousness—animates Ronald Thiemann's understanding of public theology. Through a close analysis of Revelation and Theology: The Gospel as Narrated Promise, I argue that Thiemann's Christologically shaped proposal regarding divine prevenience is itself a starting point for an understanding of Christian life that obliges the Christian to engage the world and apply the good news of the resurrection through a vigorous involvement in political and public life.
Under Construction: Agape as Comparative Category and Christian Criterion of Hindu Truth
Authors: Locklin Reid B.
Published: April 2014

Abstract:

In an influential 1985 article, Peggy Starkey proposed radical love of neighbour, agape, as the “central, saving revelation” of God in Christ and thus the primary “criterion” for Christians to recognize saving truths in other religious paths. In this essay, I survey several recent works in Hindu-Christian comparative theology, with an eye to Starkey's proposal and the consequences of translating distinctively Hindu texts and traditions into the idiom of Christian love. Whether one focuses on the more devotional or the non-dualist traditions, the literature reveals an animated conversation on the question of love—including agapic love—and thus supports the continuing relevance of Starkey's claim. At the same time, proper to the distinctive aims and methods of comparative theology, such love has functioned less as a criterion for evaluation than as a conduit for new or renewed insights into Christian discipleship. Christian comparativists are increasingly pursuing the question of love with their Hindu interlocutors, not primarily to test the truth of these traditions but to learn how to love more fully and more faithfully, as Christians and as inter-religious theologians.
Public Theology in Brazil: A First Overview
Authors: von Sinner Rudolf
Published: April 2014

Abstract:

In view of current challenges in the Brazilian public sphere, discussion on the presence of crucifixes in courthouses in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, as well as on the activities of evangélico congressmen, this article offers a first overview of the reflection on a public theology in Brazil. It presents four lines of thought in the emerging Brazilian discussion, starting in 2001 and getting new energy with the creation of the Global Network of Public Theology in 2007. The first tendency focuses on the academic citizenship of theology, the second seeks to recover a liberal Protestant tradition in contrast to the dominant fundamentalisms, while the third, situated in Latin American left-wing evangelicalism, promotes a dialogue with post-metaphysical and post-secular thinkers, namely Jürgen Habermas. The fourth tendency is being presented more at large, a public theology as theology of citizenship, stemming from Hugo Assmann, incorporating central elements of liberation theology and theological assets from the Lutheran tradition. Finally, the article seeks to show the pertinence and potential of a public theology in Brazil—both with boldness and humility. Underlying is the constant question, what is public theology? The article seeks to answer it, but not with a clear-cut and uniform definition. Rather, it explores opportunities, reviewing concrete challenges and current trends, and tries to argue why a public theology is relevant to and fruitful for the Brazilian context—and probably beyond it.
Efficacy of Local Corticosteroid in Idiopathic Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ahmed Anis , Islam Md Rafiqul , Rahman Hasan Zahidur , Bhuiyan Md Moniruzzaman , Majumder Sukumar , Sarker Provat Kumar , Reza Md Alimur , Imam Hasan
Published: April 2014

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common health problem in Bangladesh especially among women. It causes significant morbidity and reduces work output in affected patients. There are few treatment options available like oral steroid, steroid injection, UST, surgical treatment etc. Considering the cost, time and consequence of surgery, short term nonsurgical management is desirable e.g. local steroid injection in the affected limb. Therefore a comparative analysis is necessary to understand the efficacy of local steroid injection.Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of local corticosteroid injection in the treatment of idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome. Methods: 60 idiopathic CTS patients divided into two groups by randomization. One group received Inj. Triamcinolone 30 mg close to carpal tunnel and other group received oral steroids. Efficacies of treatmemt were compared in between groups.Result: The mean age of two groups were 37.5 ± 10.5 and 37.0 ± 10.24 years respectively (p = 0.272) and Majority of the patients in both treatment groups (76.7% in local steroid and 80% in oral steroid groups, p = 0.754) were female. Relief from tingling sensation and nocturnal awakening was higher in the steroid injection receivers (100% and 86.7% respectively) than that in the oral steroid receivers (6.9% and 3.4% respectively) during evaluation of outcome at the end of 3 month. End point treatment shows that none but SNAP at wrist in the local steroid group improved significantly better than that in the oral steroid group (16.2 ± 10.5 vs. 12.4 ± 6.3, p =0.039). No major side effects occurred in local steroid group except depigmentation in injected area 3 (10%) cases.Conclusion: It may be concluded that local steroid injection is an effective treatment of idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome. But long-term efficacy of steroid injection remains uncertain.Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2012; Vol. 28 (1): 10-15
Anterolateral Retroperitoneal Approach of Thoraco-lumbar Spine; A Study of 20 Cases
Authors: Nath Haradhan Deb , Rahman Zillur , Mainuddin Dr , Uddin Kamal , Rahman Luthfar , Islam Md Aminul , Haque ANM Fazlul
Published: April 2014

This cross sectional study was done from April 2005 to November 2009 in the department of Neurosurgery of Chittagong Medical College Hospital. We have studied 20 patients of D12, L1, L2 & L3 fracture with lower limb weakness. Data were collected by a brief history, clinical examination, surgery & postoperative follow up. Most of the sufferers were male (90.00%). The age groups were 21-40 years gripped the major proportion (50.00%) of the patients. The commonest causes of injury were fall from height (60.00%). The majority of patients had been suffering from L1 fracture (45.00%). The most (90.00%) of the sufferers had parapareses. The highest groups of patients (90.00%) improved after surgery. So, the study concludes that the anterolateral decompression, fusion & fixation is one of the best options of treatment of throracolumbar spine fracture.Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2012; Vol. 28 (1): 24-28
Intracranial Aneurysms: Acute VS Delayed Surgery - An Analysis of 52 Cases
Authors: Alam Shamsul , Rahman Asifur , Uddin AN Wakil , Islam KM Tarikul , Mojumder Mosiur Rahman , Rahman Mahfuzur , Ahmed Anis , Obaida ASM Abu , Ul Haque Saif , Uddin Mohammad Najim
Published: April 2014

Background: Aneurysm surgery is increasing day by day in our country but the exact timing of surgery is still controversial.Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the results of early and late surgery for aneurismal subarachnoid haemorrhage. The aim of microneurosurgical management of an aneurysm is the total occlusion of the aneurysm sac by clipping at the neck of aneurysm with preservation of flow in the parent artery and preservation of all its perforating arteries with minimal or no brain retraction.Methods: There were 52 patients included in this study among them 3 patients expired soon after the admission before surgery could take place. Hence 49 patients underwent clip surgery from July 2005 to May 2012 for 52 aneurysms because 3 patients harboured multiple aneurysms. Patients history, clinical findings, Hunt & Hess grading, Fisher grading of CT scan, preoperative & postoperative CT angiography, postoperative outcome were collected and analyzed.Results: Most of the clipping (57.14%) were done in intermediate stage (4th to 10th days), because patients usually referred from peripheral hospital on 2nd or 3rd day after the acute SAH Those who was admitted early and H&H status good, was fit to do early surgery (within 3rd day), (28.57%). Overall outcome was assessed at 3 months after SAH using the Glasgow Outcome Scale. Good outcome were observed in 40 cases among them 22 cases (42.3%) were able to return premorbid activities. Total mortality in this series were 10 cases (19.23%) which includes preoperative death while waiting for clipping -3 cases and postoperative death- 7 cases( 14.2%).Conclusion: There is no reason to postpone clipping surgery in patients who are eligible for surgery at day 5. Surgery after day 10 is associated with worse outcome. Although these studies is having high rate of mortality which can be progressively minimize by our continuous improvement of surgical skills and postoperative critical care management of aneurysm patients.Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2012; Vol. 28 (1): 29-37
MRI of Diffusely Infiltrating Intracranial Astrocytomas: Association between the Volume of Peritumoural Edema and the degree of Contrast Enhancement
Authors: Khan Robert Ahmed , Khan SIM Mhairun Nabi , Rahman Mahfuzur , Hossain Mafzal
Published: April 2014

Background: The development of peritumoural edema and contrast enhancement of brain tumour is both thought to be due to breakdown of blood-brain barrier. However, the exact mechanisms by which these phenomena occur are not completely understood. Our purpose was to find association between the volume of peritumoural edema and the degree of contrast enhancement in MRI of diffusely infiltrating astrocytomas.Method: A total of 42 patients with intracranial astrocytomas diagnosed by MRI findings who underwent surgery with histopathology showing diffusely infiltrating astrocytomas were selected from the study population. The volume of peritumoural edema was measured and visual assessment of the degree of contrast enhancement was scored.Result: A highly significant association was found (p<0.001) between the volume of peritumoural edema and the degree of contrast enhancement.Conclusion: These results can be viewed as indirect, radiological evidence that edema production is quantitatively related to the degree of breakdown of the BBB as determined by the gadolinium enhancement.Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2012; Vol. 28 (1): 38-44
The Sitting Position in Neurosurgery: A Clinical Study in 30 Cases
Authors: Alam Shamsul , Hossain ATM Mossaraf , Amin Rezaul , Wakil ANM , Islam KM Tarikul , Chowdhury Rukun Uddin
Published: April 2014

Objective: Sitting position for operation of posterior fossa lesions, occipital and posterior parietal lesions, foramen magnum, upper cervical spinal lesions provides an excellent visualization because of slack of brain due to gravity drainage of CSF and blood. Hence gross total tumour removal relatively easy and less complicative.Methods: From January 2008 to march 2010 total 30 cases underwent neurosurgical procedure in sitting position. Physical characteristics including patients age, sex, size of the tumour and histological diagnosis were collected. The post operative image were studied to see the extent of tumour removal and early detection of complications. Almost all patients required peroperative cerebral venous line or peripheral inserted central venous line, precordial doppler sound, ETCO2, O2 saturation and close monitoring of blood pressure.Results: Venous air embolism were detected in two cases (6.6%). Total tumour removal was possible in 17 (56.6%) cases and subtotal in 11 (36.6%) cases. There were 4 (13.33%) mortality in thirty cases, two cases from CP angle tumour and another case from petroclival meningioma and another from pineal region tumour. There was pneumocephalus in almost all cases and post-operative new facial paresis in 10 (33.3%) cases. Fifth cranial nerve palsy developed in 3 (10%) cases. Temporary lower cranial nerve palsy developed in 2 cases. Post-operative tumour bed haematoma developed in 4 (13.33%) cases. Most of the patient had good outcome (GOS 5).Conclusion: Sitting position can be safely done with good preoperative physiological, peroperative close monitoring of the patient regarding blood pressure, ETCO2 and oxygen saturation. However postoperative complication like tumour bed haematoma, pneumocephalus, cranial nerve palsy have to be bring in mind.Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2012; Vol. 28 (1): 45-51
Alzheimers Disease - An Update
Authors: Rahman Aminur , Salam Farhana , Islam Md Aminul , Anwarullah AKM , Islam Md Rafiqul , Miah Md Nurul Amin , Saha Uttam Kumar , Ali Zahed
Published: April 2014

Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2012; Vol. 28 (1): 52-58
Development of lyophilization cycle for direct thrombin Inhibitor and influence of excipients and process parameter during the cycle
Authors: Panda Sunil Kumar , Dinda Subas Chandra
Published: April 2014

The objective of this study was to develop stable lyophilized product of Bivalirudin, a direct thrombin inhibitor with good reconstitution time, % yield of good vials and cake quality. The % loss of crystallinity was determined by DSC for any crystallographic changes of the bulking agent after freeze drying. The glass transition temperature of 5% w/v of Bivalirudin, 3% w/v of mannitol and 0.03% of sodium acetate was approximately ?31°C and the collapse temperature was approximately -28°C. Tubular vials were found to withstand the thermal transition during freeze drying. Water content was inversely proportional to the primary drying set point. Reconstitution time was inversely proportional to annealing temperature and vacuum set point. The % yield of good vials and cake quality was directly proportional to annealing time and primary drying set point. The % loss of crystallinity by DSC was independent of all factors and directly proportional to annealing time. Drying at -10°C results in transition of ? form of mannitol, whereas drying at -7.5°C and -5°C results in ? and ? form of mannitol respectively. On annealing at -7°C for 54 minutes and drying at -6.5°C at 215mT lyophilized product with less than 2% water content, reconstitution time less than 10 seconds, with high yield of more than 95% yield of good vials with best cake quality was obtained.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v3i5.18533 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, April 2014, 3(5): 259-264
Docking studies of Physalis peruviana ethanol extract using molegro virtual docker on insulin tyrosine kinase receptor as antidiabetic agent
Authors: Puspaningtyas Ayik Rosita
Published: April 2014

Physalis peruviana Linn in Indonesia was better known as ciplukan, based on information from urban people in Indonesia is as antidiabetic. In the previeous studies, the levels of blood glucose in animals experimental of Physalis peruviana quantified with glucometer and compared with oral antidiabetic drugs gliclazide, showed that Gliclazide was decrease more levels of glucose significantly than ethanol extract of Physalis peruviana. We have done molecular docking using Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD) on ethanol extract of Physalis peruviana and gliclazide to compare between in silico and in vivo studies. Based on studies before the main content of the ethanol extract of Physalis peruviana were withanolide, 4-OH-withanolide, and perulactone. In this study the results showed that gliclazide had been better bond in insulin tyrosine kinase receptor than main content of Physalis peruviana which can be seen from Moldock score 105.217 and Rerank score -68,2931 means that the energy was lower and more stable binding. Moldock Score of main content Physalis peruviana (withanolide, 4-OH-withanolide, and perulactone) were -93.5472; 70.5843; 88.7881, respectively. Rerank score of main content Physalis peruviana (withanolide, 4-OH-withanolide, and perulactone) were -61.5149; -67.5345; -65.7979, respectively. The hydrogen bonds of withanolide, 4-OH-withanolide, perulactone and gliclazide with amino acid of insulin tyrosine kinase receptor were Phe 1186 and Thr 1186. Finally, in the 3D MVD visualization between main content of ethanol extract of Physalis peruviana and gliclazide can be concluded that interaction of gliclazide was more harmonious than main content of ethanol extract Physalis peruviana.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v3i5.18534 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, April 2014, 3(5): 265-269
Hepatoprotective effect of Ecballium Elaterium fruit juice against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats
Authors: Elmhdwi Maraia Farag , Muftah Saleh Mosbah , El tumi Salem Gaber , Elslimani Fatma Al-zaroug
Published: April 2014

This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of Ecballium elaterium "Fruit juice" extract against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. The hepatotoxicity was induced by acetaminophen (PCM) at dose of 400 mg/kg in male albino rats. It was administered orally once a day, every 48 h at the same time for twenty two days. The biochemical liver functional tests ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin, total protein, antioxidant enzymes (GR, GPx, CAT, SOD), and histopathological changes were examined. Our results showed that Levels of liver enzymes ALT, AST, ALP, G-GT and total bilirubin and MDA level were significantly enhanced by administration of acetaminophen and level of total protein while antioxidant enzymes "GR, GPx, CAT, SOD" were decreased. However, the pretreatment with The E. elaterium "fruit juice" at 1 ml/kg orally revealed attenuation of serum ALT, AST, ALP. The histopathological studies also supported the protective properties of E. elaterium "fruit juice". The area of necrosis and degeneration of hepatocytes were observed in the toxic group. The prophylactic and curative groups showed a marked protective effect with decreased necrotic zones and hepatocellular degeneration. The present results clearly demonstrate the marked antihepatotoxic effects of E. elaterium "fruit juice" extract through its antioxidant activity on acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity in rats.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v3i5.18535 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, April 2014, 3(5): 270-274