bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gravity Data Inversion with Method of Local Corrections for Finite Elements Models
Authors: Martyshko Petr S. , Ladovskii Igor V. , Byzov Denis D. , Tsidaev Alexander G.
Published: October 2018

We present a new method for gravity data inversion for the linear problem (reconstruction of density distribution by given gravity field). This is an iteration algorithm based on the ideas of local minimization (also known as local corrections method). Unlike the gradient methods, it does not require a nonlinear minimization, is easier to implement and has better stability. The algorithm is based on the finite element method. The finite element approach in our study means that the medium (part of a lithosphere) is represented as a set of equal rectangular prisms, each with constant density. We also suggest a time-efficient optimization, which speeds up the inversion process. This optimization is applied on the gravity field calculation stage, which is a part of every inversion iteration. Its idea is to replace multiple calculations of the gravity field for all finite elements in all observation points with a pre-calculated set of uniform fields for all distances between finite element and observation point, which is possible for the current data set. Method is demonstrated on synthetic data and real-world cases. The case study area is located on the Timan-Pechora plate. This region is one of the promising oil- and gas-producing areas in Russia. Note that in this case we create a 3D density model using joint interpretation of seismic and gravity data.
Chemical Diversity of Metal Sulfide Minerals and Its Implications for the Origin of Life
Authors: Li Yamei , Kitadai Norio , Nakamura Ryuhei
Published: October 2018

Prebiotic organic synthesis catalyzed by Earth-abundant metal sulfides is a key process for understanding the evolution of biochemistry from inorganic molecules, yet the catalytic functions of sulfides have remained poorly explored in the context of the origin of life. Past studies on prebiotic chemistry have mostly focused on a few types of metal sulfide catalysts, such as FeS or NiS, which form limited types of products with inferior activity and selectivity. To explore the potential of metal sulfides on catalyzing prebiotic chemical reactions, here, the chemical diversity (variations in chemical composition and phase structure) of 304 natural metal sulfide minerals in a mineralogy database was surveyed. Approaches to rationally predict the catalytic functions of metal sulfides are discussed based on advanced theories and analytical tools of electrocatalysis such as proton-coupled electron transfer, structural comparisons between enzymes and minerals, and in situ spectroscopy. To this end, we introduce a model of geoelectrochemistry driven prebiotic synthesis for chemical evolution, as it helps us to predict kinetics and selectivity of targeted prebiotic chemistry under “chemically messy conditions”. We expect that combining the data-mining of mineral databases with experimental methods, theories, and machine-learning approaches developed in the field of electrocatalysis will facilitate the prediction and verification of catalytic performance under a wide range of pH and Eh conditions, and will aid in the rational screening of mineral catalysts involved in the origin of life.
Naturally Occurring Asbestos (NOA) in Granitoid Rocks, A Case Study from Sardinia (Italy)
Authors: Lucci Federico , Della Ventura Giancarlo , Conte Alessandra , Nazzari Manuela , Scarlato Piergiorgio
Published: October 2018

All six minerals defined as “asbestos” by the existing regulation on asbestos hazard, i.e., actinolite, tremolite, anthophyllite, crocidolite and amosite amphiboles, and the serpentine-group mineral chrysotile are typical constituents of mafic and ultramafic magmatic rocks of ophiolitic sequences. However, little is known about the presence and distribution of naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) in plutonic felsic rocks. The Isadalu magmatic complex outcropping in central Sardinia and belonging to the post-variscan Permian volcanic cycle, is described here as an interesting occurrence of fibrous amphiboles in granitoid rocks. Field work and collected mineralogical/petrological data show that NOA fibers from the Isadalu complex belong compositionally to the actinolite-tremolite series. They were generated by metasomatic growth on pristine magmatic hornblende, at ca. 470 °C at 1 kbar, during sodic-calcic hydrothermal alteration. In terms of environmental hazard, the Isadalu complex represents a high-value case study, since the actinolite-bearing felsic rocks outcrop in a strongly anthropized area. Here, towns with local and regional strategic infrastructures (dams, pipes, hydroelectric power plants, water supply, roads) have been developed since the last century, also using the granitoid asbestos-rich stones. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that NOA and relative hazard are not univocally connected to a restricted typology of rocks. This result should be taken into account in any future work, procedure or regulation defining asbestos occurrences in natural environments.
Implicit 3D Modeling of Ore Body from Geological Boreholes Data Using Hermite Radial Basis Functions
Authors: Wang Jinmiao , Zhao Hui , Bi Lin , Wang Liguan
Published: October 2018

Modeling ore body in 3D is the basis of digital intelligent mining. However, most existing three-dimensional mining software uses the contour approach that requires too much man–machine interaction and difficult partial updating. Moreover, accounting for uncertainty and low geometric quality picking is very difficult in the direct contour approach. Therefore, an implicit modeling approach to automatically build the three-dimensional model for ore body by means of spatial interpolation directly based on the geological borehole data with Hermite radial basis function (HRBF) algorithm as the core is proposed. Furthermore, in order to solve the problems of weak continuity of models due to the long-distance original boreholes as well as the boundary-point normal solution error, the densification of original borehole data with the virtual borehole as well as the calculation of point-cloud normal direction based on the adjacent hole-drilling method is proposed. The verification of two mine engineering projects and comparison with the explicit modeling results show that this approach could realize the automatic building of three-dimensional models for the ore body with high geometric quality, timely update and accurate results.
A New Protocol for the Synthesis of New Thioaryl-Porphyrins Derived from 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin: Photophysical Evaluation and DNA-Binding Interactive Studies
Authors: Foletto Patrícia , Correa Fabiula , Dornelles Luciano , A. Iglesias Bernardo , H. da Silveira Carolina , A. Nogara Pablo , T. da Rocha João B. , F. Faustino Maria A. , D. Rodrigues Oscar E.
Published: October 2018

A new protocol for the preparation of thioaryl-porphyrins is described. The compounds were prepared from different disulfides employing NaBH4 as a reducing agent. The methodology allowed the preparation of four different thioaryl-porphyrins in very-good to excellent yields under soft conditions, such as short reaction times and smooth heating. Additionally, the photophysical properties of new compounds were determined and experimental and theoretical DNA interactions were assessed.
Selective Synthesis of 3-O-Palmitoyl-Silybin, a New-to-Nature Flavonolignan with Increased Protective Action against Oxidative Damages in Lipophilic Media
Authors: Drouet Samantha , Doussot Joël , Garros Laurine , Mathiron David , Bassard Solène , Favre-Réguillon Alain , Molinié Roland , Lainé Éric , Hano Christophe
Published: October 2018

A selective acylation protocol using cerium chloride (CeCl3) as catalyst was applied to functionalize silybinin (1), a natural antioxidant flavonolignan from milk thistle fruit, in order to increase its solubility in lipophilic media while retaining its strong antioxidant activity. The selective esterification of 1 at the position 3-OH with a palmitate acyl chain leading to the formation of the 3-O-palmitoyl-silybin (2) was confirmed by both mass spectroscopy (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. The antioxidant activity of 1 was at least retained and even increased with the CUPRAC assay designed to estimate the antioxidant activity of both hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds. Finally, the 3-O-palmitoylation of 1, resulting in the formation of 2, also increased its anti-lipoperoxidant activity (i.e., inhibition of conjugated diene production) in two different lipophilic media (bulk oil and o/w emulsion) subjected to accelerated storage test.
Light Trapping Effect in Perovskite Solar Cells by the Addition of Ag Nanoparticles, Using Textured Substrates
Authors: Hao Jiabin , Hao Huiying , Li Jianfeng , Shi Lei , Zhong Tingting , Zhang Chen , Dong Jingjing , Xing Jie , Liu Hao , Zhang Zili
Published: October 2018

In this contribution, the efficiencies of perovskite solar cells have been further enhanced, based on optical optimization studies. The photovoltaic devices with textured perovskite film can be obtained and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the textured fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)/Ag nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in c-TiO2/m-TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au showed 33.7% enhancement, and a maximum of up to 14.01% was achieved. The efficiency enhancement can be attributed to the light trapping effect caused by the textured FTO and the incorporated Ag NPs, which can enhance scattering to extend the optical pathway in the photoactive layer of the solar cell. Interestingly, aside from enhanced light absorption, the charge transport characteristics of the devices can be improved by optimizing Ag NPs loading levels, which is due to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) from the incorporated Ag NPs. This light trapping strategy helps to provide an appropriated management for optical optimization of perovskite solar cells.
Antecedents of Trust in Organic Foods: The Mediating Role of Food Related Personality Traits
Authors: Ayyub Samia , Wang Xuhui , Asif Muhammad , Ayyub Rana Muhammad
Published: October 2018

The current study focuses on identifying the factors responsible for building trust in organic foods. This study also attempted to establish the mediating role of food-related personality traits in building such trust. The quantitative data was collected from the Liaoning province of China through a structured questionnaire (n = 420). Established scales were adopted for measuring constructs. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses. The results indicated that consumer trust towards retailers was found to be highly significant in creating trust of customers regarding organic food products, followed by information on the label. The trust of consumers towards food manufacturer was also found to be a significant predictor, while the perceived knowledge of customers about organic food products was found to be a weak contributor towards building trust. Furthermore, food-related personality traits were found to mediate the hypothesized model. This study extends the literature on trust in organic food consumption by intending to provide a detailed analysis of the factors that build trust in organic food consumption in China. The findings of this study will help producers, retailers, and marketers to identify the appropriate strategies to establish and improve the consumer trust in organic food.
The phylogeny of pholcid spiders: a critical evaluation of relationships suggested by molecular data (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Authors: Huber Bernhard A. , Eberle Jonas , Dimitrov Dimitar
Published: October 2018

With almost 600 species, the latest molecular phylogeny of pholcid spiders (Eberle et al. 2018, BMC Evolutionary Biology) more than triples the largest previously available molecular phylogeny of the family. At the level of genera, the coverage is high (86%, i.e., 75 of the 87 named genera), and at the level of subfamilies it is complete. The present paper is an effort to critically evaluate the implications of this phylogeny for pholcid systematics. The analyses largely support the division of Pholcidae into five subfamilies: Ninetinae, Arteminae, Modisiminae, Smeringopinae, and Pholcinae. Their compositions are largely unchanged except thatChisosaHuber, 2000 is moved from Ninetinae to Arteminae. The positions ofArtemaWalckenaer, 1837 andPrisculaSimon, 1893 in this system remain dubious. Relationships among subfamilies remain weakly supported, except for the sister group relationship between Smeringopinae and Pholcinae. Several major clades within subfamilies are separated from each other along geographical boundaries; for example within Modisiminae a South American clade and a Central + North American + Caribbean clade, and within Smeringopinae a Sub-Saharan clade and a clade ranging from the Mediterranean to Central Asia. Central + North American + Caribbean clades in both Ninetinae and Modisiminae may originate from South American ancestors.

Many taxonomic changes are suggested by the data, some of which are formally implemented herein. Two new genera result from the splitting ofCalapnitaSimon, 1892 andPanjangeDeeleman-Reinhold & Deeleman, 1983, respectively:NipisaHuber,gen. n.; andApokayanaHuber,gen. n.Nine new genera result from splitting ofPholcus:CantikusHuber,gen. n.;KelabitaHuber,gen. n.;KintaqaHuber,gen. n.;MurutaHuber,gen. n.;MerahaHuber,gen. n.;PaiwanaHuber,gen. n.;PribumiaHuber,gen. n.;TerangaHuber,gen. n.; andTissahamiaHuber,gen. n.Two genera are newly synonymized:PlatnickniaÖzdikmen & Demir, 2009 is synonymized withModisimusSimon, 1893;SihalaHuber, 2011 is synonymized withPholcusWalckenaer, 1805.PholcusagadirHuber, 2011 is moved toMicropholcusDeeleman-Reinhold & Prinsen, 1987, resulting in the new combinationMicropholcusagadir(Huber, 2011).
The Oriental flat bug genus Libiocoris Kormilev, 1957 revisited: re-examination, synonymy, and description of a new genus (Heteroptera, Aradidae)
Authors: Bai Xiaoshuan , Heiss Ernst , Cai Wanzhi
Published: October 2018

Re-examination of type specimens ofLibiocorisKormilev 1957,L.poecilusfrom New Guinea and other taxa assigned to this genus, the ChineseLibiocorisheissiBai, Yang & Cai, 2006 andLibiocorissinensisBai, Yang & Cai, 2006 proved to be synonyms, thusL.heissi=L.sinensissyn. n. They are, however, different fromLibiocorisKormilev, 1957 to which they were originally assigned and a new genusParalibiocorisgen. n.is proposed for them. ThereforeParalibiocorisheissicomb. n. =LibiocorisheissiBai et al., 2006 =LibiocorissinensisBai et al., 2006, syn. n. From Hainan Island, China, the following new species,P.roundangulussp. n.,P.hainanensissp. n., andP.limuensissp. n., are described and figured and a key to species is provided.
Révolution et sociabilité en Normandie au tournant des xviiie et xixe siècles
Authors: Saunier Eric
Published: October 2018

Franc-maçonnerie et Révolution ont permis, depuis le classement des sources maçonniques déposées à la Bibliothèque Nationale par Alain Le Bihan il y a plus de trente ans, de mener de nombreuses études fondées sur une approche positiviste. Détruisant progressivement les thèses qui, derrière des oripeaux renouvelés, visaient à faire des loges et des maçons des acteurs portant culture et pratiques révolutionnaires, les recherches successives ont souvent montré que cette forme de sociabilité subissait plus les événements qu'elle ne les infléchissait. Il était cependant devenu nécessaire de dépasser ce constat pour tenter de saisir les temps et les formes de la transformation rencontrée par la franc-maçonnerie durant la période révolutionnaire.

En plaçant 1789 au cœur de sa trame chronologique, c'est l'objectif que s'est fixé cette étude. Située dans le cadre d'une province vaste et peuplée où le "fait maçonnique" toucha près de 6000 francs-maçons rassemblés dans plus de cent loges et chapitres de hauts grades, la recherche, menée à partir de la constitution d'un vaste fichier informatisé, analyse la formation du réseau maçonnique puis met en lumière destins collectifs et individuels. La sociabilité maçonnique apparaît alors comme un large espace de socialisation qui, au xviiie siècle, reflète, dans ses structures sociologiques profondes, les tensions minant la société d'Ordres. Investie par le politique, se détachant progressivement du cordon du catholicisme, elle devient au fil du temps, notamment par le canal philanthropique qui fonde son identité originelle et permet l'affirmation progressive de son rayonnement vers le monde extérieur, un espace culturel profondément transformé. À partir de la réaction Ultra, les loges normandes peuvent ainsi résolument s'intégrer dans la nébuleuse des "cercles" et les hommes qui la fréquentent montrer, pour la plupart, une sensibilité caractérisée par l'adhésion au libéralisme politique. La franc-maçonnerie, parce qu'elle fut radicalement transformée par l'événement révolutionnaire, est alors prête à participer aux grandes batailles politiques et culturelles qui jalonneront son histoire à partir de 1848.
The Ordered Porous Aluminum: Modeling, Preparation, and Properties with Designed Structures
Authors: Hao Hai , Wang Han , Li Kai Yan
Published: October 2018

Porous structure is the most important feature for porous metals, which influences the properties of porous metals. The size, shape and distribution of traditional porous metals are usually random and irregular. Therefore, it is difficult to establish the relationship between structures and properties in porous metals with random structure. The idea proposed that size, shape and distribution in porous metals are all ordered, which contributes to achieve the structure design and help the prediction of properties. Traditional methods are difficult to control the pore size, shape and distribution by gas, solid and hollow spheres. The direct rapid prototype technique can achieve the structure design and control, but there are some inevitable limitations. Therefore, the indirect method combining the infiltration casting and the selected laser sintering technique is carried out in this study. The 2D honeycomb structure and the 3D ordered porous structure can be both fabricated by this new method. The whole simulation process including modeling the ordered porous structure, fabricating the ordered porous specimen, and predicting the properties of the ordered porous metals can be achieved. Through this way the optimum structures and properties of ordered porous aluminum can be obtained.
On the Role of both Vacuum System and Initial Size on Fabrication of Aluminum-LECA Composite Foam
Authors: Moloodi Ahmad , Moradi Mohammad Reza
Published: October 2018

In this work the Aluminum-LECA composite foam was fabricated using the molten method. First, the LECA pellets were sieved in to three different sizes. The sieved LECA was placed on a regular and irregular form in to the mold cavity and then the molten aluminum was poured. The effect of LECA pellets as like as using vacuum system on filling the mold were also studied. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the pour morphology and the bonding of LECA and aluminum. The results show that using vacuum system can improve the fluidity of molten aluminum as like as the bounding with the LECA pellet and the aluminum matrix. It is also illustrated that with increase in the pellet size, the fluidity was increased. It was while that the orientation of LECA pellets has a significant influence on the fluidity. Keywords: Aluminum-LECA composite, fluidity, Vacuum system
The Compressive Properties of Open-Cell Zn-22Al Foams with Spheroidal Pore at Different Temperatures
Authors: Liu Jia An , Qu Qing Xiang , Zheng Zhao Bin , Zhang Tian Yao
Published: October 2018

Open-cell Zn-22Al foams with different porosities were fabricated by replication process using spheroidal CaCl2 particles as space holder. A series of compressive tests were carried out at different temperatures (i.e., room temperature, 100 °C and 200 °C). The effect of porosity and testing temperature on compressive property and energy absorption characteristic of Zn-22Al foams were studied. The experimental results showed that the compressive properties of the foams are dependent on porosity and testing temperature: the compressive yield stress decreases with the increasing testing temperature and the porosity; In addition, the energy absorption capacity also decreases with the increasing temperature and porosity; Moreover, Gibson-Ashby model can be used to describe the relationship between relative yield stress and relative density of the foams.
Influence of Cell Morphology on the Compressive Deformation Behavior of Aluminum Foams
Authors: Li Min , Cao Zhuo Kun , Yu Yang , Luo Hong Jie , Shi Jian Chao , Zhou Li Ping , Yao Guang Chun
Published: October 2018

Closed-cell aluminum foams with different morphology were fabricated under both increased and reduced pressure. It is shown that the cell size distribution and cell wall thickness is significantly influenced by foaming pressure. Quasi-static compressive tests were performed on foam specimens with similar density but different cellular structure. Results indicates that compressive stress of aluminum foams with homogenous structure is much higher than that of specimen with wide cell size distribution.
Sulfidation Resistance of Porous FeCrAl Alloy
Authors: Tan Ping , LI Ai Jun , Chen Jin Mei , Li Zeng Feng , Ge Yuan
Published: October 2018

FeCrAl alloy is regarded as the optimization material for coal-gasification purification with high temperature, due to its good mechanical property, oxidation resistance and sulfide resistance. This paper focuses on the effect of preoxidation on sulfidation resistance of porous FeCrAl alloy. The continuous and dense Al2O3 film, which was formed on the surface of porous FeCrAl alloy after preoxidation, can prevent the diffusions of atom S and metal ion and improve the sulfidation resistance.
Numerical Simulations and Experimental Studies on the Quasi-State Axial Compression Behavior of Steel-Based Porous Materials
Authors: Wei Yan Peng , Yang Quan Zhan , Gao Peng , Miao Zhi Quan , Cheng Jing Chang , Sun Xun , Yu Bo
Published: October 2018

As a new type composite material, steel-based porous materials presented the higher stiffness, strength and higher temperature resistance in comparison with the nonferrous metals. In order to realize the free-design of pore structure and free-control of porosity of steel-based porous material, indirect 3D printing technology combined with the investment casting process has been used to fabricate the steel-based porous materials. The finite element method has been carried out to study the relationship between the porosity and the mechanical properties by quasi-static compression simulation, which is consistent with compression test. The modified Gibson-Ashby formula is used to establish the quantitative relationship between porosity and elastic modulus and yield strength of steel-based porous materials based on Kelvin structure.
Formation Mechanism and Properties of Thickness-Controllable Tungsten Coating on Diamond Surface by Salt Bath Plating
Authors: Dong Ying Hu , Zhang Rui Qing , Zhou Lang , Chu Ai Min , Luo Tie Gang , Chen De Zhi , Chen Qing Jun , Ye Zhi Guo , Zhang Bo Liang
Published: October 2018

The fabrication of porous diamond preforms is a key step for obtain diamond/metal copposites with high proporties by liquid infiltration. In order to prepare porous diamond preforms with high strength and excellent compatibility with liquid metal. The diamond metallization should be treated first usually.In this paper, the microstructure, composition, phase structure and bond strength of tungsten coating on diamond surface by using salt-bath method were observed and analyzed experimentally including scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy spectrometer analysis (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that tungsten start to react with carbon atoms on the surface of diamond at 1100°C while a dense and completely covered coating can be obtained at the temperature of 1150°C with 10-120 minutes dwell time. With this process, the layer on diamond surface can be regulated in the range of 1.18 to 3.24μm. The phase structure of coating from outside to inside is W, W2C and WC phase, respectively. Thermal shock experiments also show that the coatings on diamond surface have excellent bond strength as well as high temperature resistance.
Antimicrobial Effect of Lotus-Type Porous Copper
Authors: Nakajima Hideo , Yasunaga Kazufumi , Yamagishi Ryuichiro , Matsuda Susumu
Published: October 2018

Copper is a superior antibacterial metal, which is used for various antibacterial products. It is known that the antimicrobial property is generated by direct contact of bacterial cell to the copper surface. Since porous copper has a benefit to increase the surface area contacted to atmospheric medium, it is expected that antibacterial effect can be enhanced. Two kinds of lotus-type porous copper with different directional open pores were used as samples. In order to elucidate such enhancement, four kinds of culture tests on porous copper plates were carried out using bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enteritidis. While the counts of viable bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli cultured on non-porous copper do not change significantly, the counts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enteritidis decreases. The counts of the viable bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli cultured on porous copper drastically decrease, while the counts of Salmonella enteritidis decreases to some degree. However, the porosity does not affect the decrease of counts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Thus, apparent antibacterial property of porous copper is attributed to increase of contact area of the bacteria to porous copper for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis.
Energy Absorption Efficiency of Open-Cell Carbon Foams
Authors: Asai Fumi , Fukazawa Hiroshi , Kitazono Koichi
Published: October 2018

Energy absorbing properties of open-cell carbon foams were evaluated by quasi-static and dynamic compression tests. Though carbon foams show brittle deformation behaviors, they have wide plateau region. The plateau stress linearly increases with increasing the relative density. Furthermore, the strain rate sensitivity is 0.03 and 0.15 at low and high strain rate region, respectively. Indentation tests were performed on cylindrical sample having porosity of 92.3 to 92.8% with different impact speeds. No plateau region is observed and macro cracks occur in the high speed indentation test. The energy absorption efficiency of carbon foams is higher than that of conventional aluminum foams because of their wide plateau regions.
Fabrication, Properties and Applications of Porous Metals with Directional Pores
Authors: Nakajima Hideo , Ide Takuya
Published: October 2018

Porous metals with long cylindrical pores aligned in one direction are fabricated by unidirectional solidification through pressurized gas method (PGM) and thermal decomposition method of gas compounds (TDM). The pores are evolved from insoluble gas when the molten metal dissolving the gas is solidified in the dissolving gas (PGM) or inert gas (TDM). Three fabrication techniques, mold casting, continuous zone melting and continuous casting techniques, are adopted. The latter two techniques can control the solidification velocity and the last one possesses a merit for mass production of lotus metals. The porosity, pore diameter and its length are able to be controlled by the solidification velocity and ambient gas pressure, while the pore direction can be controlled by the solidification direction. Anisotropy in the elastic and mechanical properties is resulted from anisotropic pore morphology. The anisotropic behaviors of tensile, compressive and fatigue strength are explained in terms of the dependence of stress concentration on the pore orientation. The anisotropic properties of thermal, electrical conduction and magnetization are also found, which are attributed to the scattering of heat flux, electric current and magnetic flux with anisotropic pores, respectively. Several applications of the porous metals to manufacturing products are investigated. The unidirectional pores can be utilized for high performance of heat sinks for electronic devices of cars and computers. Thus, the porous metals are expected to be used for various manufacturing products.
Prevalence of hepatitis C among HIV-1, HIV-2 and dually reactive patients: A multi-country cross-sectional survey in West Africa
Authors: Ekouevi Didier K. , Coffie Patrick A. , Tchounga Boris K. , Poda Armel , Jaquet Antoine , Dabis François , Eholie Serge P.
Published: October 2018

Little is known on the impact of HIV-2 infection on HCV viral replication. The aim of the study was to compare HCV prevalence and viral replication based on HIV types in West Africa. A cross-sectional survey was conducted within the IeDEA HIV-2 West Africa cohort from March to December 2012. All HIVinfected adult patients who attended participating HIV clinics during the study period were included. Blood samples were collected and re-tested for HIV type discrimination, HCV serology and viral load. A total of 767 patients were enrolled: 186 HIV-1, 431 HIV-2 and 150 HIV-1&2 dually reactive. At time of sampling, 531 (69.2%) were on ART and median CD4+ cell count was 472/mm3. Thirty (3.9%, 95% CI 2.7-5.5) patients were anti-HCV positive (4.3% in HIV-1, 4.0% in HIV-1&2 dually reactive and 3.7% in HIV-2; p=0.91). Detectable HCV RNA was identified in 21 (70.0%) patients (100% in HIV-1 and HIV- 1&2 dually reactive vs. 43.8% in HIV-2; p=0.003). Systematic screening should be promoted and performed in this population, since HCV is now potentially curable in sub- Saharan Africa.
Future scenarios of thermal bioclimatic conditions in a humid tropical city under urban development
Authors: Silva Vicente De Paulo Rodrigues da , Santos Joel Silva , Lima Eduardo Rodrigues Viana de , Holanda Romildo Morant de , Sousa Enio Pereira de , Araújo Lincoln Eloi de
Published: October 2018

Urbanization modifies the heat balance in urban areas and has negative effects on landscape, aesthetics, energy efficiency, human health and the inhabitants’ quality of life. This work evaluated future scenarios of bioclimatic conditions for João Pessoa, a humid tropical city in Northeast Brazil. The scenarios were determined based on trends in air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed for the time period from 1968 to 2015. The study was performed for two distinct periods of three months each (dry and wet seasons) using data from weather stations equipped with thermo-hygrometers and cup anemometers located in nine representative areas of the city. Trends in air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and effective temperature index (ET index) time series were evaluated using the Mann-Kendall test. Results indicated that the air temperature showed an increasing trend of 0.34°C/decade, whereas the relative humidity showed a decreasing trend of 0.49%/decade and the wind speed values ranged from 1.3 ms-1 to 3.80 ms-1. These trends are statistically significant according to the Mann-Kendall test (p<0.05). The air temperature increased between the 1980s and 2010s, which corresponds to a period of rapid urbanization of the city. Future environmental conditions in João Pessoa will be determined in accordance with the urbanization processes.
The relationship between inflation and unemployment: a critique of Friedman and Phelps
Authors: Rochon Louis-Philippe , Rossi Sergio
Published: October 2018

The ‘natural rate of unemployment’ was not an important part of Friedman's presidential address, although it is what the paper is remembered for. On the 50th anniversary of the paper, we argue that there is no ‘natural rate of unemployment’, and that the relation between inflation and unemployment is not the one assumed by Friedman or neoclassical theory. In Section 2 we present the conventional framework in which the Phillips curve is drawn by neoclassical economists. It emphasizes the exogenous nature of money, as well as the assumption that (a large part of) unemployment has to do with workers’ trade-off between paid work and leisure time (in a utility maximization perspective). Section 3 explains that the neoclassical framework is flawed, because money is endogenous and unemployment is not simply an outcome of workers’ choices with regard to the observed ‘equilibrium’ wage level. This section points out that inflation cannot be controlled with an interest-rate policy and that unemployment is the result of a lack of effective demand (hence it is involuntary). Section 4 provides two alternative macroeconomic analyses, one where inflation as well as unemployment are explained by the disorderly working of the banking system and another where conflict in the functional distribution of income within a monetary economy of production dominates. The conclusion offers some policy-oriented remarks as regards contemporary fiscal and monetary policies that a variety of countries have been adopting in their (largely ineffective) attempt to emerge from the crisis that erupted in 2008 at the global level – whose negative consequences still affect a relevant part of the world population.
La domesticación de éros y poesía en las Leyes: la síntesis platónica de vida y poesía
Authors: Macua Martínez Mª Elena
Published: October 2018

Este trabajo constituye la última fase de un estudio que pretende destacar la profundidad de la huella de la poesía en el pensamiento de Platón, poniendo de manifiesto que la evolución de su tratamiento en las Leyes (con respecto a la República), se corresponde con otra paralela, y del mismo signo, en el éros; y planteando una interpretación del último modelo platónico de ciudad como logro del anhelo frustrado de los poetas de la generación precedente: la síntesis de vida y poesía. A ella llega Platón creando un nuevo equilibrio entre las fuerzas en tensión que espolean el deseo humano, y revirtiendo el proceso de desacralización del lenguaje poético consumado por Gorgias, con lo que consigue cerrar por fin la fractura entre poesía trascendente y poesía pragmática, y hacer confluir en una idéntica naturaleza, divina e inmutable, el lógos de la poesía y el de la ley.
Morphophysiology of guava cv. Paluma with water of different salt concentrations and proline doses
Authors: Veloso Luana Lucas de Sá Almeida , Nobre Reginaldo Gomes , Souza Cristiane Milenne Alves de , Fatima Reynaldo Teodoro de , Souza Leandro Pádua de , Elias Jutahy Jorge , Azevêdo Felipe Luênio de , Santos João Batista dos
Published: October 2018

Quantitative and qualitative limitations of water resources in Northeast Brazil, besides the excessive use of fertilizers without criteria related to soil analysis and crop needs, has called the attention for studies on techniques that allow saline waters to be used in agriculture. This study aimed to evaluate physiological and growth responses of grafted guava plants, cv. Paluma, as a function of irrigation with saline water and foliar applications of proline. The experiment was carried out in protected environment in Pombal – PB, Brazil, in a randomized block design in 4 x 4 factorial scheme, with three replicates, and treatments consisted of four levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity – ECw (0.3; 1.0; 1.7 and 2.4 dS m-1) associated with four doses of proline (0, 5, 10 and 15 mmol L-1). Grafted plants of guava cv. Paluma can be grown using water with ECw of 1.1 dS m-¹ since it led to acceptable mean reduction of 10% in growth and physiological activity. Mean proline dose of 8 mmol L-1 leads to increase in the number of leaves and dry matter accumulation. The interaction between proline doses and water salinity levels did not affect either growth or physiology of grafted plants of guava cv. Paluma, at 101 days after transplanting.
Biometric variables and photosynthetic pigments in tamarind seedlings irrigated with saline water and biofertilizers
Authors: Lima Neto Antonio João de , Cavalcante Lourival Ferreira , Nunes Járisson Cavalcante , Souto Antônio Gustavo de Luna , Bezerra Francisco Thiago Coelho , Cavalcante Adailza Guilherme
Published: October 2018

Saline level of water or soil beyond the limit tolerated by crops may impair morphological, physiological, and biochemical processes of plants in general, including tamarind. This problem requires the adoption of management and input techniques to reduce the degenerative effects of salts on plant species. In this sense, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of bovine biofertilizers on biometric variables and chlorophyll contents in tamarind seedlings irrigated with saline water. The experiment was conducted from October 2012 to January 2013, in Areia, PB, Brazil, in a randomized block design with four replications and five plants per plot in a 5 × 3 factorial scheme, consisting of electrical conductivity of water of 0.5, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 dS m?1 and soil without and with common and chemically enriched biofertilizers. Leaf area, shoot dry matter, and contents of chlorophyll a, b, total, and carotenoids were assessed at 100 days after sowing. The increased water salinity reduced leaf area and seedling biomass formation, with a higher intensity in the soil without biofertilizer. The addition of biofertilizers allows the formation of tamarind seedlings irrigated with water of a salinity not tolerated by them when cultivated in the soil without the tested inputs.
Spoilage potential of spore-forming bacteria from refrigerated raw milk
Authors: Ribeiro Júnior José Carlos , Tamanini Ronaldo , Oliveira André Luís Martinez de , Ribeiro Juliane , Beloti Vanerli
Published: October 2018

Aerobic bacterial spores are an important group of microorganisms in raw milk. These microbes are thermoduric, whereas the vegetative forms are thermophilic, thermoduric and psychrotrophic and reduce the shelf life of pasteurized milk. In Brazil, there are a lack of studies on the load of aerobic spores in raw milk; thus, little is known about the spoilage activity of these organisms. The aim the present study was to quantify the aerobic spores in Brazilian refrigerated raw milk of dairy region of Castro, Paraná state, assess the potential proteolytic and/or lipolytic isolates and identify the microorganisms derived from the germination. Twenty milk samples were evaluated, and the aerobic spore count was performed after plating the samples following heat treatment at 80°C for 12 min. The activity proteolytic and lipolytic isolates were evaluated through subculture on milk agar and tributyrin agar, respectively, and these microorganisms were identified using partial 16S rRNA gene sequences that were compared through GenBank. The aerobic spore counts ranged from 1 to 3.7 log CFU.mL-1, with a mean of 1.75 (± 0.59) log CFU.mL-1. After spore germination, 137 aerobic bacterial isolates were obtained, 40 of which (29.2%) showed milk spoilage activity. Among these, 31 isolates (77.5%) were proteolytic and lipolytic, seven isolates (17.5%) were exclusively lipolytic and two isolates (5%) were only proteolytic. Based on the 16S rRNA gene analysis, Bacillus licheniformis (55%), Bacillus spp. (27.5%), Paenibacillus spp. (7.5%), Bacillus pumilus (5%), Bacillus circulans (2.5%) and Brevibacillus spp. (2.5%) were identified. Studies of Brazilian raw milk microbiota have not yet described B. circulans which are frequently detected in milk from other countries. Among the 22 B. licheniformis isolates, 21 microbes (95.5%) showed proteolytic and lipolytic activity, and one isolate (4.5%) exhibited only proteolytic activity. The two B. pumilus isolates were proteolytic and lipolytic, whereas the B. circulans isolate was only lipolytic. Among the 11 Bacillus spp. isolates, eight isolates (72.7%) were proteolytic and lipolytic, one isolate (9.1%) was proteolytic and the other two isolates (18.2%) were lipolytic. The three Paenibacillus spp. and Brevibacillus spp. isolates were primarily lipolytic. Therefore, to extend the shelf life of pasteurized milk, preventive measures must be adopted to reduce contamination with spores because one-third of these microorganisms exhibited proteolytic and/or lipolytic activity.
Attribution Theories in Language Learning Motivation: Success in Vocational English for Hospitality Students
Authors: Fielden Laura V. , Rico Mercedes
Published: October 2018

One of the overlooked motivational areas for VET hospitality students learning English is attribution theories, students’ beliefs about why they fail or succeed. Weiner identified four basic attributions that people tend to have in achievement situations (2010; 1984): ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck, which contribute to students’ motivation to study. With the aim of researching motivation in order to prevent program abandonment, which is high in Spain, this 2-phased study examined attribution theories for a group of 51 adult, English for hospitality students studying in vocational courses offered by the public employment agency in Extremadura, Spain. It found that in general students’ attribution theories were mostly negative, though they strongly indicated that they could improve through effort. These results may be associated with students’ perception of the instructor and course and the social, dynamic nature of students’ beliefs in general as they are formulated in situ. Suggestions are made for incorporating this possible influence into future vocational course visions for English for hospitality students.
A Study on Factors of the E-Purchasing Product Intention toward a Dynamic Vietnamese Internet Shopping
Authors: Wang Chia-Nan , Dang Dinh-Chien , Thanh Nguyen Van
Published: October 2018

Vietnam in recently years is considered to be a country with rapid development of the e-commerce with a lot of online shopping sites e.g., Shoppee, Lazada, Tiki, and Adayroi. These sites provide a high variety of products from household devices to motorbike. However, Vietnamese people are still aware of risk in doing e-purchasing. They often go to tradition outlets to buy products. This study aims to investigate the antecedents of customers’ intentions for the case of using Internet as a new way to purchase products in Vietnam. A research model is developed relied on the integration of theory of Technology Accepted Model and Perceived risk theory to predict customer intentions to online shopping. Five factors are included in this research: Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of use, Perceived Risk, Customer’s Attitude and Customer’s intention. A convenience sample of 336 respondents was collected through online and offline survey. The results of this study support that exist a positive relationship between Perceived ease of use and Perceived usefulness. Attitude, in turn is positive affected by Perceived ease of use and Perceived usefulness in which Perceived ease of use has stronger influences. While perceived risk negative impacts customers’ intention, perceived risk and Perceived usefulness, on the other hand, positive influences customers’ intention. All hypotheses are supported. It is evident that online shoppers intention are evaluated mostly based on their attitude, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived risk.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Economics and Finance, Vol. 10, No. 10
Authors: Zhang Michael
Published: October 2018

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Economics and Finance, Vol. 10, No. 10
Annotatie bij beschikking Hoge Raad 8 december 2017, ECLI:NL:HR:2017:3104
Authors: de Haan J.P.
Published: October 2018

Annotatie bij beschikking Hoge Raad 8 december 2017, ECLI:NL:HR:2017:3104

Tenuitvoerlegging van Zwitsers arbitraal vonnis op Curaçao. Welke appeltermijn geldt voor beslissing houdende verlof tot tenuitvoerlegging: artikel 429n lid 2 Rv (zes weken) dan wel artikel 989 lid 2 Rv van Curaçao (een maand)? Geldt een in Nederland op grond van het Verdrag van New York gegeven verlof tot tenuitvoerlegging van een buitenlandse rechterlijke of arbitrale beslissing ook in de andere landen van het Koninkrijk? Reikwijdte artikel 40 Statuut voor het Koninkrijk.
Bestuursrechtelijke criminologie: relevant voor het bijzondere strafrecht?
Authors: van der Vorm B.
Published: October 2018

Bestuursrechtelijke criminologie: relevant voor het bijzondere strafrecht?

De deeldiscipline bestuursrechtelijke criminologie is gericht op de werking van de bestuursrechtelijke handhaving. Het is een empirische wetenschap, die ook relevant is voor het bijzondere strafrecht.
Data science als de eeuwige belofte?
Authors: van der Voort Haiko
Published: October 2018

Data science als de eeuwige belofte? Over de effecten van data science op de organisatie van inspecties

Big data en, breder, data science, belooft veel voor toezicht. Om de beloften waar te maken moeten de nieuwe methoden en technieken wel worden toegepast in een inspectieorganisatie. Veel literatuur gaat over de beloften en bedreigingen van data science, weinig over de implementatie in organisaties. Deze bijdrage exploreert een aspect van dit onderwerp, namelijk de relatie tussen de nieuwe data scientist en de inspecteur. Beide vertegenwoordigen verschillende, en soms strijdige, essentiële kennisbronnen voor risicogebaseerd toezicht. Hoe kan er synergie tussen deze kennisbronnen worden bereikt? Deze bijdrage omschrijft deze uitdaging en verkent een drietal oplossingsrichtingen.
Characterization of camel (camelus bactrianus) echinococcosis from Southern Mongolia
Authors: B Chinchuluun , S Lkhagvatseren , Ch Nominchuluun , Ts Munkhjargal , A Altanchimeg , U Nyamdolgor , D Temuulen , Yanagida T , Ito A , Z Batsukh
Published: October 2018

A total 22 (30.5%) camels were infected with 34 echinococcal cysts out of 72 slaughtered camels in Khurmen soum of Southgobi province. The prevalence of infection in camels between 5-7 years (14/22) was 18.2-22.7% and 8 years camels (6/22) were 27.3%. The fertile cyst rate was 40.9% and sterile cyst rate was 22.7%. Camel cystic echinococcosis cyst status was fertile, sterile, abscessed and calcified. Most of the cysts were located in the lungs 54.5%, liver 27.3% and lung-liver 18.2% and were spherical in shape, unilocular and 1-3 cysts located in lung and liver of one camel, cyst diameter was 2-10 cm and with cyst fluid ranging from 1 to 200 ml. Camel echinococcal cysts status and appearance were revealed as age dependent, as older camels echinococcal cysts were revealed as calcified statistically significant (p=0.0458). Histologically, leucocyte infiltration and mild hepatocellular degeneration and infiltration in the liver were noticed. In lungs, there was proliferation of fibrous connective tissue and infiltration of mononuclear cells.
Varietal identification study of six wheat varieties using ISSR markers
Authors: M Tungalag , M Ariungerel , B Otgonbayar , Ya Myagmarsuren
Published: October 2018

The identification of cereal and horticultural varieties are important for registration and agricultural systems. The traditional way to variety identification is the recording of morphological characters using descriptors. But molecular markers may serve as a modern and suitable approach to variety identification such as ISSR. The objective of the study was to identify the 17 ISSR primers, 801~849, for varietal identification of six wheat varieties, Darkhan-34, Darkhan-166 (Arvin), Darkhan-131, Darkhan-144, Khalkhgol-1 and Tsogt. As a result of ISSR marker observation on varieties, Arvin can be identified with 817, Khalkhgol-1 with 817 and 827, Tsogt with 822, Darkhan-34 with 830, Darkhan-131 with 830 and 848 and Darkhan-144 with 827, 830 and 848 primers. Among the surveyed ISSR primers, five can be used as variety-specific primers, 817, 827, 822, 830 and 848.