bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mohr–Coulomb-Model-Based Study on Gas Hydrate-Bearing Sediments and Associated Variance-Based Global Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Li Chenglang , Yuan Jie , Cui Jie , Shan Yi , Yu Shuman
Published: February 2025

Different gas hydrate types, such as methane hydrate and carbon dioxide hydrate, exhibit distinct geomechanical responses and hydrate morphologies in gas-hydrate-bearing sediments (GHBSs). However, most constitutive models for GHBSs focus on methane-hydrate-bearing sediments (MHBSs), while largely overlooking carbon-dioxide-hydrate-bearing sediments (CHBSs). This paper proposes a modified Mohr–Coulomb (M-C) model for GHBSs that incorporates the geomechanical effects of both MHBSs and CHBSs. The model integrates diverse hydrate morphologies—cementing, load-bearing, and pore-filling—into hydrate saturation and incorporates an effective confining pressure. Its validity was demonstrated through simulations of reported triaxial compression tests for both MHBSs and CHBSs. Moreover, a variance-based sensitivity analysis using Sobol’s method evaluated the effects of hydrate-related soil properties on the geomechanical behavior of GHBSs. The results indicate that the shear modulus influences the yield axial strain of the CHBSs and could be up to 1.15 times more than that of the MHBSs. Similarly, the bulk modulus showed an approximate 5% increase in its impact on the yield volumetric strain of the CHBSs compared with the MHBSs. These findings provide a unified framework for modeling GHBSs and have implications for CO2-injection-induced methane production from deep sediments, advancing the understanding and simulation of GHBS geomechanical behavior.
Research on Visualization Methods for Marine Environmental Element Fields in Twin Spaces
Authors: Li Lianwei , Wu Shiyu , Xue Cunjin , Ma Yingying , Qin Qunce
Published: February 2025

Visualization of marine environmental field elements is one of the core technologies in marine science research. Particularly in the context of “digital twin of the ocean” (DTO) construction and application, accurately reproducing the dynamic evolution of marine environmental elements remains a critical challenge. Existing visualization methods are primarily limited to static displays and fail to achieve deep integration and dynamic expression of marine environmental elements and sea conditions. To address this, this paper proposes a new visualization method for marine environmental element fields in a twin-space framework. This method first constructs dynamic wave twin objects based on wave data, then develops a marine environmental element field model based on environmental element data, and finally generates a coupled marine environmental element twin object through integration. This approach facilitates the dynamic and collaborative visualization of multiple marine elements. The collaborative visualization results of wave information, ocean surface temperature, and salinity data indicate that this method effectively enhances the dynamic expression capability and information fusion level of the ocean environment feature field. It provides new ideas and approaches for the development of ocean environment visualization technology in twin spaces, with promising application potential.
A Six-Year Airborne Fungal Spore Calendar for a City in the Sonoran Desert, Mexico: Implications for Human Health
Authors: Ortega-Rosas Carmen Isela , Medina-Félix Diana , Macías-Duarte Alberto , Gamez Thanairi
Published: February 2025

Fungal spore calendars for Mexico are non-existent. This research represents the first fungal spore concentration data in the atmosphere of Hermosillo, Mexico, a city in the Sonoran Desert with high rates of allergies and public health problems. We used standardized sampling techniques frequently used by aerobiologists, including a Burkard spore trap to monitor airborne fungal spores daily for 2016–2019 and 2022–2023. Results are expressed as daily fungal spore concentrations in air (spores/m3 air). The most common fungal outdoor spores corresponded to Cladosporium (44%), Ascospora (17%), Smut (14%), Alternaria (12%), and Diatrypaceae (7%) of the total 6-year data. High minimum temperatures produce an increase in the most important spores in the air (Cladosporium and Alternaria), whereas precipitation increases Ascospore concentrations. The most important peak of fungal spore concentration in the air is recorded during summer–fall in all cases. Airborne fungal spores at Hermosillo had a greater impact on human health. These data will be of great help for the prevention, diagnostics, and treatment of seasonal allergies in the population and for the agricultural sector that has problems with some pathogens of their crops caused by fungus.
Exploring the Asymmetric Multifractal Dynamics of DeFi Markets
Authors: Benbachir Soufiane , Amzile Karim , Beraich Mohamed
Published: February 2025

The rapid growth of decentralized finance (DeFi) has revolutionized the global financial landscape, providing decentralized alternatives to traditional financial services. This study investigates the asymmetric multifractal behavior of nine DeFi markets—AAVE, Pancake Swap (CAKE), Compound (COMP), Curve Finance (CRV), Maker DAO (MKR), Synthetix (SNX), Sushi Swap (SUSHI), UniSwap (UNis), and Yearn Finance (YFI)—using Asymmetrical Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (A-MFDA). The use of generalized Hurst exponents, Rényi exponents, and singularity spectrum functions revealed that DeFi markets exhibit multifractal behaviors. The analysis uncovered clear differences between uptrend and downtrend fluctuation functions, highlighting asymmetric multifractal behavior. The asymmetry intensity was analyzed through excess differences in uptrend and downtrend generalized Hurst exponents. AAVE, COMP, SNX, UNis, SUSHI, and MKR exhibit negative asymmetry, with stronger correlations during negative trends. CAKE shifts from positive to negative asymmetry, showing sensitivity to both trends. CRV is more volatile in negative trends, while YFI consistently displays positive asymmetry across market fluctuations. The results also reveal that long-term correlations and heavy-tailed distributions contribute to the multifractality of DeFi assets. This study highlights the need for dynamic risk management in DeFi markets, urging investors to adopt adaptive strategies for volatile assets and prepare for sudden price fluctuations to safeguard investments.
Seasonal Changes in Thyrotropin and Thyroid Hormones in Women of Reproductive Age
Authors: Fakı Sevgül , Tam Abbas Ali , Demir Pervin , Özdemir Didem , Çuhacı Seyrek Fatma Neslihan , Köroğlu Ekin Yiğit , Topaloğlu Oya , Ersoy Reyhan , Çakır Bekir
Published: February 2025

Background: Thyroid hormones are essential for the proper functioning of the female reproductive system. Seasonal changes in thyroid hormones in women of reproductive age are not fully understood. we aimed to investigate seasonal changes in thyrotrophin and thyroid hormones in women of reproductive age. Methods: Approximately 75,000 TSH and thyroid hormone levels measured in 32,935 women between 2019 and 2023 were evaluated on a monthly and seasonal basis. The analysis of means (ANOM) method was utilized to compare the mean transformed rank of each group or the overall mean transformed rank for TSH, FT3, and FT4 values across months and seasons. Results: The differences from the maximum to minimum median values were 13.3% for TSH, 5.2% for free T3, and 5.9% for free T4. TSH levels were significantly lower in summer and autumn and higher in winter and spring than the overall transformed mean. The rate of individuals with TSH levels below 2.5 mIU/L was higher in summer and autumn than in spring and winter. Conclusions: TSH varies seasonally in women of reproductive age. It is appropriate to consider the season as well as other parameters that affect thyroid functions while evaluating thyroid hormones.
Low Brine Shrimp Bio-Toxicity Marine Lubricating Hydraulic Fluid with Ultra-Low Friction Coefficient and Enhanced Frictional Heat Suppression
Authors: Li Wei , Chen Huanyi , Chen Long , Ge Shanqin , Cai Qingzhao , Gong Genxiang , Yu Jinhong , Nishimura Kazuhito , Jiang Nan , Cai Tao
Published: February 2025

Hydraulic technology has been instrumental in the extensive application of offshore mechanical equipment, particularly in drilling platforms and ships, where high-performance hydraulic fluids are essential for safe and efficient operations. Addressing the urgent need for water-based hydraulic fluids as an alternative to traditional oil-based fluids, this study introduces a novel water-based hydraulic fluid fortified with phytic acid, derived from plant seeds, to achieve low biotoxicity, low coefficient of friction, and reduced frictional heat generation. The integration of phytic acid has significantly enhanced the lubricating performance, reducing the average coefficient of friction to as low as 0.013, as tested by the four-ball tester, which is the lowest value reported to date. Real-time monitoring of the temperature rise of the friction testing apparatus using an infrared thermal imager revealed a 78.6% reduction in temperature increase. Acute toxicity assays using Brine Shrimp demonstrated that the 96 h LC50 value for the water–glycol flame-resistant hydraulic fluid with added phytic acid exceeded 26,304 mg/L, indicating low toxicity. Characterization analyses elucidated the mechanisms underlying the improved tribological properties, highlighting the potential of this eco-friendly fluid for safe and efficient offshore operations.
The Effect of Hydrogen Annealing on the Electronic Conductivity of Al-Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Kawashige Ryoma , Okumura Hideyuki
Published: February 2025

In this research, Hall effect experiments and optical fittings were mainly conducted to elucidate the effect of hydrogen annealing on the electronic properties of polycrystalline Al-doped Zinc Oxide thin films by distinguishing the scattering by ion impurities and the scattering by grain boundaries. By comparing the carrier density and those mobilities of H2-annealed samples with Ar-annealed samples, the effect of H2 annealing was highlighted. AZO thin films were prepared on the quartz glass substrate at R.T. by an RF magnetron sputtering method, and the carrier density was controlled by changing the number of Al chips on the Zn target. After fabricating them, they were post-annealed in hydrogen or argon gas. Optical fitting was based on the Drude model using the experimental data of Near-Infrared spectroscopy, and the mobility at grain boundaries was analyzed by Seto’s theory. Other optical and crystalline properties were also checked by SEM, EDX, XRD and profilometer. It is indicated that the H2 annealing would improve both carrier density and mobility. The analysis referring to Seto’s theory implied that the improvement of mobility was caused by the carrier generation from introduced hydrogen atoms both at the grain boundary and its intragrain region. Furthermore, the effect of H2 annealing is relatively pronounced especially in low-doped region, which implies that Al and H have some interaction in AZO thin film. The interaction between Al and H in AZO thin film is still not confirmed, but this result implied that this interaction negatively affects the mobility at grain boundary.
Development of High-Strength Aerogel Concrete
Authors: Tsioulou Ourania , Lampropoulos Andreas , Cacciola Pierfrancesco
Published: February 2025

Aerogel is a synthetic porous ultralight material with very low thermal conductivity, and it is mainly used in buildings for external insulation in the form of blankets. In this study, the development of high-strength concrete with a partial replacement of sand with aerogel powder and aerogel beads is presented. Compressive strength, thermal conductivity, and shrinkage measurements have been conducted, and the results indicate that a replacement of sand with 30% aerogel beads leads to a high compressive strength (70 MPa) and relatively low thermal conductivity (1 W/mK) concrete.
Investigating the Genetic Association of Selected Candidate Loci with Alopecia Areata Susceptibility in Jordanian Patients
Authors: AL-Eitan Laith N. , Alasmar Maryam K. , Aljamal Hanan A. , Mihyar Ahmad H. , Alghamdi Mansour A.
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: Alopecia areata (AA) is a common cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the hair follicle that results in hair loss patches, affecting males and females of all ages and ethnicities. Although its etiology is not fully understood, AA is hypothesized to have a multifactorial basis with a strong genetic association. This study aims to replicate the genetic association of several risk loci in the Jordanian population for the first time. Materials and Methods: Genomic DNA samples of 152 patients with AA and 150 control individuals were extracted from EDTA blood tubes collected from dermatology clinics, in addition to the clinical data of participants. Genetic sequencing of the 21 targeted risk loci was carried out using the Sequenom MassARRAY® system (iPLEX GOLD), and the results were statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results: The results compared the distribution of alleles and genotypes and the association between control individuals and AA patients. However, our results do not support a significant association of all of the 21 SNPs in our AA cohort (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our data emphasize that AA has a varied genetic component between ethnic groups and suggest that other additional environmental and psychological triggers may be involved.
Transcriptomic and Lipidomic Characteristics of Subcutaneous Fat Deposition in Small-Sized Meat Ducks
Authors: Zheng Hao , Wang Cui , Zhou Ao , Chen Xing
Published: February 2025

Background: Subcutaneous fat deposition is associated with ducks’ meat quality and the methods used to cook them. However, the reasons underlying the differences in the lipid deposition of small-sized Wuqin10 meat ducks remain unclear. Method: In the present study, to elucidate the metabolic mechanisms of lipid deposition, we comprehensively analyzed the transcriptomics and lipidomics of subcutaneous fat in Wuqin10 meat ducks with different subcutaneous thicknesses with six replicates. Results: A total of 1120 lipids were detected in the lipidomic analysis, and 39 lipids were inexorably regulated in the ducks with the thick subcutaneous layer compared to those with the thin layer; further, the up-regulated lipids were primarily triglycerides (TGs), which may have resulted in adipocyte enlargement. Furthermore, the transcriptomic analysis identified 265 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 119 down-regulated and 146 up-regulated genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in the histidine, arginine, proline metabolism signaling and adipocytokine signaling pathways. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network in Cytoscape 3.8.2 identified hub genes HSP90AA1, RUNX2, ACTN2, ACTA1, IL10, CXCR4, EGF, SOCS3 and PTK2, which were associated with the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and regulation of adipocyte hypertrophy. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings reveal the patterns of lipids and the gene expression of subcutaneous fat, providing a basis for future studies of subcutaneous fat deposition in small-sized meat ducks.
Advances in Experimentation and Numerical Modeling of Aluminum and Copper Ultrasonic Welding
Authors: Li Zhe , Wu Shiying , Li Huan
Published: February 2025

Ultrasonic welding is characterized by its energy-saving and environmentally friendly nature. Compared to conventional molten welding technology, the intermetallic compounds formed by diffusion during ultrasonic welding are thinner, and material deformation is reduced. This process has become a primary welding technique for assembling lithium batteries in electric vehicles. Aluminum and copper ultrasonic welding has increasingly gained attention as a research hotspot. The research on aluminum and copper ultrasonic welding primarily focuses on the interfacial microstructure evolution, mechanical performance during the welding process, and numerical simulations to investigate macro- and micro-scale physical phenomena. Given the aluminum and copper multi-layer structures used in lithium battery packaging, numerous studies have been conducted on aluminum and copper multi-layer ultrasonic welding. For Al/Cu joints, advancements in understanding the microstructure evolution, joint performance, and finite element modeling of the welding process have been systematically reviewed and summarized. Moreover, significant progress has been made in molecular dynamics simulations of Al/Cu ultrasonic welding and hybrid welding techniques based on Al/Cu ultrasonic welding. Finally, several new research directions for Al/Cu ultrasonic welding and joining have been proposed to guide further in-depth studies.
Occurrence and Monitoring of the Zoonotic Pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in Various Zoo Animal Species
Authors: Riede Lara Luisa , Knauf-Witzens Tobias , Westerhüs Uta , Bonke Rebecca , Schlez Karen , Büttner Kathrin , Rau Jörg , Fischer Dominik , Grund Lisa , Roller Marco , Frei Andreas , Hertwig Stefan , Hammerl Jens Andre , Jäckel Claudia , Osmann Christine , Peters Martin , Sting Reinhard , Eisenberg Tobias
Published: February 2025

Infections with the zoonotic pathogen Yersinia (Y.) pseudotuberculosis are commonly causing clinical diseases and acute deaths in various mammal and bird species in zoos. These findings prompted us to conduct a targeted study that included animals of 18 German and 1 Swiss zoo that had been affected by the pathogen previously. This study provides a comprehensive overview of susceptible zoo animal species, clinical signs, therapies, antimicrobial resistance, pathogen monitoring, and prophylactic measures. In addition, fecal samples from species with documented infections and organ samples from deceased mammals and birds from two of the participating zoos, the urban zoo Wilhelma and the rural Opel Zoo, were examined for Y. pseudotuberculosis using both direct plating and enrichment. The overall prevalence of Y. pseudotuberculosis was 3.1% at the Opel Zoo and 1.3% at the Wilhelma. Fecal samples yielded positive results in 1.4% of the tested samples from the Opel Zoo but none from the Wilhelma. Among carcasses, 16.7% and 1.7% tested positive at the Opel Zoo and the Wilhelma, respectively (p = 0.006). Y. pseudotuberculosis was significantly more frequently isolated during the cold season (p = 0.002). Affected animals often died suddenly, displaying no or only non-specific clinical signs, but postmortem examinations revealed septicemia with multiple bacterial organ abscesses. Rodents, ruminants, primates, and Piciformes were the most commonly affected orders. Considering the zoonotic potential of Y. pseudotuberculosis, this research underscores the importance of investigations in zoos in accordance with the targets of the One Health approach.
Calcareous Skarn-like Mineral Paragenesis from Unaltered Basalt of the Alaid Volcano (Kuril–Kamchatka Island Arc)
Authors: Zhitova Elena S. , Nuzhdaev Anton A. , Davydova Vesta O. , Sheveleva Rezeda M. , Zhegunov Pavel S. , Kuznetsov Ruslan A. , Kutyrev Anton V. , Khokhlova Maria A. , Vlasenko Natalia S.
Published: February 2025

Conditions of high-temperature volcano-related mineral formation are a source of the new and rare minerals and their associations; they are rather fragmentarily described for volcanic systems as a whole, except for several objects characterized in this regard. The study aim is to present the first results of the mineralogical study of atypical suprasubduction zone neoformation encountered from the Taketomi flank eruption (1933–1934) of the Alaid volcano (Kuril Islands), which has been studied through electron microprobe analyses and powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The following mineral paragenesis is described: diopside, andradite, anorthite, wollastonite, esseneite, wadalite, rhönite-like mineral, fluorite, calcite, apatite, and atacamite. The parageneses of calcium silicates found in volcanic systems are usually interpreted as reworked crustal xenoliths and commonly associated with volcanoes that have a carbonate basement. However, carbonates have not been previously described at the base of the Alaid volcano. Even though the skarn nature of such a mineral paragenesis is possible, we suggest the important role of high-temperature volcanic gases along with the pyrometamorphic effect in the mineral-forming process at depth or in near-surface conditions (fumarole-like type in the form of a system of cracks and burrows). The described mineral paragenesis has not been previously documented, at least for the North Kuril Islands. A detailed mineralogical study of such formations is one of the important steps in understanding the functioning of magmatic systems, the circulation and transformation of natural matter, and mineral-forming processes.
The Development and Validation of a Simple HPLC-UV Method for the Determination of Vancomycin Concentration in Human Plasma and Application in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Aboelezz Asma , Tesfamariam Novel Solomon , Kharouba Maged , Gligoric Tamara , Mahmoud Sherif Hanafy
Published: February 2025

Vancomycin is an antimicrobial agent that exhibits high efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria. The importance of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for vancomycin has been substantiated in specific patient cohorts, underscoring the significance of determining vancomycin plasma levels. This study presents the development and validation of a simple, reproducible, and practical approach for quantifying vancomycin levels in human plasma samples through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Deproteinization of plasma samples (0.3 mL) was achieved using 10% perchloric acid. The chromatographic separation was achieved using a C18 column. The mobile phase, consisting of phosphate buffer and acetonitrile (90:10, v/v), was run at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Ultraviolet detection was conducted at a wavelength of 192 nm and the method was linear in the range of 4.5–80 mg/L (r2 > 0.99). Inter- and intra-day assay precision and accuracy were determined to be within the acceptable range. The run time was noted to be 10 min. This method was evaluated using different greenness tools, which indicated that the method is environmentally friendly. Our method was effectively applied to analyze vancomycin concentrations in critically ill patients. Thus, our approach has the potential for practical implementation in routine TDM procedures.
Sensory Perception During Partial Pseudo-Haptics Applied to Adjacent Fingers
Authors: Saga Satoshi , Sakae Kotaro
Published: February 2025

Pseudo-haptics, the phenomenon of creating a simulated tactile sensation by introducing a discrepancy between a voluntary movement and its visual feedback, is well known. Typically, when inducing pseudo-haptics, the same control-display ratio (C/D ratio) is applied to all effectors. However, with the aim of expanding the potential illusions that can be presented with pseudo-haptics, we investigated how perceived sensations change when partial pseudo-haptics are applied to adjacent body parts. In this research, we examined how perceived sensations change when pseudo-haptic stimuli are applied to adjacent body parts. Specifically, we investigated the correlation between finger states and the magnitude of illusory perception during both quasi-static and dynamic movements and identified the finger that experienced discomfort during dynamic movements with pseudo-haptics. Our findings revealed that: First, the magnitude of the illusion varied based on the contact state of adjacent fingers. Second, the illusion was more pronounced during dynamic movements compared to quasi-static movements. Third, regardless of the finger receiving the pseudo-haptic stimulus, the discomfort was primarily experienced in the finger exhibiting an overall inhibitory movement. The findings contribute to the practical application of pseudo-haptics as a virtual haptic display technology.
Rational Fabrication of Copper Nanoclusters and In Vitro Study of Antioxidant Property
Authors: Zhang Jiale , Liang Xiao , Yan Mijia , Zhang Qiuhong , Chen Hangrong
Published: February 2025

Oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases. The excessive accumulation of ROS can cause severe cellular damage, leading to tissue dysfunction and disease progression. The development of nanomaterials with antioxidant properties presents a promising strategy for addressing this challenge. Herein, we report the fabrication of albumin-biomineralized copper nanoclusters (BCNCs) as a novel antioxidant platform and evaluate their effectiveness in combating oxidative stress. Our results show that BCNCs exhibit potent ROS scavenging abilities and protect cells from oxidative stress-induced damage, highlighting their potential as an effective therapeutic strategy for oxidative stress-related diseases.
Correction: Sherstneva et al. Biodegradable Microparticles for Regenerative Medicine: A State of the Art and Trends to Clinical Application. Polymers 2022, 14, 1314
Authors: Sherstneva Anastasia A. , Demina Tatiana S. , Monteiro Ana P. F. , Akopova Tatiana A. , Grandfils Christian , Ilangala Ange B.
Published: February 2025

Acknowledgments were not included in the original publication [...]
Ionic Liquid Capsules as Flame-Retardant Additives for Emulsion Paint Systems
Authors: Ma Rong , Wu Bingqian , Wang Qingsheng
Published: February 2025

To develop a highly efficient and environmentally friendly flame-retardant system, ionic liquids (ILs) have recently emerged as promising candidates. However, the addition of ILs into emulsion paint disrupts emulsion stability, leading to rapid demulsification due to electrostatic effects. Herein, IL–silica capsules were developed using a soft-template method. These capsules can be directly added to an acrylic emulsion paint system as flame-retardant additives. Incorporating 5 wt% IL–silica capsules into the system and coating it on fabric reduced flammability by 53% compared to untreated fabric. This work provides a novel and practical approach to enhance flame retardancy in emulsion paint systems without compromising their stability.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Low-Velocity Impact and Compression Behavior of 3D-Printed PLA Cubic Samples
Authors: Dogan Oguz , Kamer Muhammed S. , Sahan Mehmet F.
Published: February 2025

This study investigates how various 3D printing parameters influence mechanical properties, specifically strength in compression and low-velocity impact (LVI) tests, and identifies the best printing parameters (layer thickness, nozzle diameter, and infill density) that lead to durable samples. Utilizing a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array, the study systematically examined the effects of three critical 3D printing parameters on the mechanical strength of cubic test samples. Nine experimental configurations were tested, each subjected to compression and LVI tests according to ASTM standards. Statistical analyses, including analysis of variance (ANOVA) and grey relational analysis (GRA), were employed to evaluate parameter significance and optimize results. Infill density significantly influenced the compression tests, while nozzle diameter was the most impactful parameter in LVI tests. Layer thickness had a minimal influence on both outcomes. Additionally, applying GRA revealed that optimal 3D printing parameters differ when considering the two mechanical properties simultaneously, highlighting the complexity of achieving balanced performance in 3D-printed structures. The application of the Taguchi method to optimize 3D printing parameters improved the mechanical properties of printed materials while significantly reducing the number of required experiments. By employing an efficient experimental design, this research demonstrates how to achieve high-quality results in compression and LVI tests with minimal resource use and time investment. Additionally, integrating GRA for the simultaneous optimization of multiple performance characteristics further enhances the practical applicability of the findings in additive manufacturing.
Chemically Polymerized Polypyrrole on Glucose-Porcine Skin Gelatin Nanofiber as Multifunctional Electrochemical Actuator-Sensor-Capacitor
Authors: Kiefer Rudolf , Otero Toribio F. , Harjo Madis , Le Quoc Bao
Published: February 2025

Multifunctional materials requiring low functional voltages are the main goal of new industrial smart technologies. Polypyrrole (PPy) was chemically synthesized by a simple dip-coating process on glucose–porcine skin gelatin nanofibers, accelerating mass production, here shown on nanofiber scaffolds (NFs) with those consisting of composites. The isometric and isotonic characterizations by electro-chemo-mechanical deformation (ECMD) of NFS-PPy are obtained from cyclic voltammetric and chronoamperometric responses in lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), lithium triflouromethanesulfonate (LiTF) and sodium perchlorate (NaClO4) in propylene carbonate (PC). The results indicate a prevalent anion-driven actuation of the linear actuator (expansion by oxidation and contraction by reduction). Different stress (4–2 kPa) and strain (0.7–0.4%) gradients are a function of the anion Van der Waals volume. During reversible actuation (expansion/contraction), the material stores/releases energy, obtaining greater specific capacitance, 68 F g−1, in LiTFSI solutions, keeping 82% of this capacity after 2000 cycles. The sensitivity (the slope of the linear sensing equation) is a characteristic of the exchanged anion. The reaction of the PPy-coated nanofiber is multifunctional, developing simultaneous actuation, sensing, and energy storage. The materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.
Metal–Phenolic Network-Loaded Sodium Alginate-Based Antibacterial and Antioxidant Films Incorporated with Geranium Essential Oil
Authors: Ren Yanming , Mao Shuifang , Ye Xingqian , Tian Jinhu
Published: February 2025

Owing to its natural degradability and excellent film-forming characteristics, sodium alginate (SA) is gaining growing popularity in the field of food packaging. However, the insufficient antioxidant and antibacterial properties hinder its application. In the current research, protocatechuic acid (PCA) and Fe3+ were utilized to fabricate a metal polyphenol network structure. Subsequently, geranium essential oil emulsion (GEOE) was incorporated into the SA matrix, and SA-based films were prepared through the flat-sheet casting method. The impacts of PCA/Fe and various concentrations of GEOE on the physical, structural, as well as functional characteristics of SA-based films were comprehensively examined. The thickness of the prepared SA-based films was between 30 and 50 μm. The results showed that PCA/Fe, GEOE, and SA exhibited good biocompatibility, and the formed films were uniform. The incorporation of PCA/Fe and GEOE significantly improved the UV blocking ability, thermal stability, and antibacterial activity of SA-based films. In addition, PCA/Fe and GEOE enhanced the total antioxidant capacity of SA-based films from 3.5% to 88%. This research could provide some theoretical basis for the utilization of metal polyphenol networks and natural essential oils within the realm of food active packaging films.
Fully Digital Workflow for Immediate Loading Using a Minimally Invasive Surgical Approach: A Case Report
Authors: Kouveliotis George , Papapmanoli Eirini , Tasopoulos Theodoros , Tampakos Ioannis , Michas Dimitrios , Tzanakakis Emmanouil-George , Zoidis Panagiotis
Published: February 2025

Objectives: CAD-CAM technology has enabled clinicians to provide accurate and predictable restorations. Chairside time has been reduced and patient’s comfort has been improved. A fully digital workflow can be now predictably adopted in implant surgery and implant restorations. Methods: A male patient, 55 years old, was referred for the restoration of his edentulous mandible. Radiographs and clinical evaluation were assembled to plan implant placement. The flapless approach is preferred to provide for a mucosa-supported surgical guide and lessen the patient’s post-operative complications. In flapless cases, the operator does not have any direct overview of the surrounding soft tissues and underlying bone. In this case, a new, minimally invasive H-shaped incision technique was performed. A fully digital protocol is presented with a two-piece stackable surgical guide to confirm accurate implant placement. Results: A high-performance polymer framework (PEEK) combined with zirconia crowns completes the digitally designed edentulous restoration. Conclusions: Adopting this technique offers the clinician benefits in both the surgical and the restorative part.
Highly Sensitive Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry: Detecting 0.01 dB Leakage over 1000 km for Classical and Quantum Communication
Authors: Yarovikov Michael , Smirnov Alexander , Aliev Aziz , Strizhak Daniel
Published: February 2025

Classical and quantum fiber-optic communication channels are vulnerable to possible intrusions. Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides a physically fundamental and theoretically secure communication method, but the key rate decays over long distances. Recently proposed by our group, a quantum communication protocol based on the physical estimation of an eavesdropper’s influence shows extreme efficiency even at distances of thousands of kilometers. In this paper, we investigate the physical limits of eavesdropper detection using optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) and demonstrate the successful detection of a 0.01 dB leakage over a distance of 1009 km.
Development and Validation of an Argon Triple Point Apparatus with a Novel Automatic Pressure Control System
Authors: Matas Ivan , Grgec Bermanec Lovorka , Šestan Danijel , Bojkovski Jovan , Žužek Vincencij
Published: February 2025

This paper describes the development and validation of an apparatus for the realization of the triple point of argon (83.8058 K), with a novel automatic pressure control system for the liquid nitrogen cryostat. The automatic pressure controller, together with custom-made software, was developed and tested in the Laboratory for Process Measurement at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb (FSB-LPM). Performance testing and characterization of the automatic pressure controller confirmed its suitability for precise and reliable control of gauge pressure in the cryostat. The characteristics and uncertainty of the measurement setup for the realization of the triple point of argon were validated through a bilateral hybrid comparison with the Laboratory of Metrology and Quality at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana (MIRS/UL-FE/LMK). A long-stem quartz-sheathed standard platinum resistance thermometer was used as a transfer standard. The realizations of the International Temperature Scale (ITS-90) were compared in the subrange from the triple point of argon to the triple point of water. The comparison results show that resistance ratio (W) values determined by FSB-LPM at the fixed points of argon and mercury deviate from the MIRS/UL-FE/LMK values, within the determined combined uncertainty of the comparison.
Assessing the Reliability of a Combat Sports Kick-Time Device
Authors: Robalino Johan , e Silva Cabral Ana Luiza Costa , Franchini Emerson , Goethel Márcio Fagundes , Vilas-Boas João Paulo , Mezêncio Bruno , Ferreira Jacielle Carolina
Published: February 2025

In combat sports, precise technique evaluation is crucial for performance optimization; however, traditional systems for evaluating kick performance are frequently unreasonably complicated and costly. This study offers a useful and accessible substitute by introducing a contact mat-based tool that measures the roundhouse kick’s execution time during both the attack and recovery phases and by demonstrating its reliability. The experimental sessions involved 16 male Shotokan karate athletes (age: 25.6 ± 7.1 years; height: 1.74 ± 0.05 m; body mass: 71.5 ± 8.7 kg; body fat percentage: 14.7 ± 6.7%; training experience: 11.0 ± 4.9 years). The protocol included four sessions, starting with a familiarization phase followed by three testing sessions (test, retest, and retest two), during which a standardized warm-up was performed along with the roundhouse kick test. The intraclass coefficient correlation (ICC) used indicated high reliability for the at-tack (ICC = 0.85, 95% CI [0.64, 0.94]), recovery (ICC = 0.89, 95% CI [0.75, 0.96]), and total time (ICC = 0.90, 95% CI [0.76, 0.96]). The Friedman test revealed no significant difference between testing sessions (p > 0.31), demonstrating high reliability and no significant differences between sessions. This study confirms the system as a simple and reliability tool for measuring roundhouse-kick timing in combat sports.
Dim Range-Spread Target Detection for Stepped-Frequency Radar Using a Bernoulli Extended Target Filter
Authors: Cai Fei , Tang Meiyu
Published: February 2025

Stepped-frequency radar is an important high range resolution radar. It can achieve wide overall bandwidth with narrow instant bandwidth. When the signal-to-noise ratio is low, detection and tracking become challenging due to dense false alarms and the range-Doppler coupling problem. In this paper, a new methodology is presented to address this problem. A Bernoulli extended target filter is used for joint detection and tracking of a dim range-spread target. The results of coherent processing are thresholded firstly using a low threshold, and the range-Doppler coupled detections generated by multiple scatterers, together with the false alarms, are fed to the Bernoulli filter. By appropriately modeling the range-Doppler coupling, the range spread, and the false alarms in the state and measurement models, the filter can detect the target effectively. Simulation results show that good detection performance is obtained and the range-Doppler coupling is decoupled simultaneously.
A Novel Framework for Quantum-Enhanced Federated Learning with Edge Computing for Advanced Pain Assessment Using ECG Signals via Continuous Wavelet Transform Images
Authors: Balasubramani Madankumar , Srinivasan Monisha , Jean Wei-Horng , Fan Shou-Zen , Shieh Jiann-Shing
Published: February 2025

Our research introduces a framework that integrates edge computing, quantum transfer learning, and federated learning to revolutionize pain level assessment through ECG signal analysis. The primary focus lies in developing a robust, privacy-preserving system that accurately classifies pain levels (low, medium, and high) by leveraging the intricate relationship between pain perception and autonomic nervous system responses captured in ECG signals. At the heart of our methodology lies a signal processing approach that transforms one-dimensional ECG signals into rich, two-dimensional Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) images. These transformations capture both temporal and frequency characteristics of pain-induced cardiac variations, providing a comprehensive representation of autonomic nervous system responses to different pain intensities. Our framework processes these CWT images through a sophisticated quantum–classical hybrid architecture, where edge devices perform initial preprocessing and feature extraction while maintaining data privacy. The cornerstone of our system is a Quantum Convolutional Hybrid Neural Network (QCHNN) that harnesses quantum entanglement properties to enhance feature detection and classification robustness. This quantum-enhanced approach is seamlessly integrated into a federated learning framework, allowing distributed training across multiple healthcare facilities while preserving patient privacy through secure aggregation protocols. The QCHNN demonstrated remarkable performance, achieving a classification accuracy of 94.8% in pain level assessment, significantly outperforming traditional machine learning approaches.
Advances in Primary Air Pollutant Emissions of Industrial Boilers in China: Emission Characteristics, Emission Inventories, and Mitigation Potentials
Authors: Tong Yali , Guo Xudong , Guo Fenghui , Yue Tao
Published: February 2025

Industrial boilers are one of the important anthropogenic emission sources of primary air pollutants including particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitric oxide (NOx). China possesses the largest number of industrial boilers in the world, characterized by a wide spatial and industrial distribution, and a small scale of individual capacity. The study of air pollutant emissions of industrial boilers in China is an essential field for realizing the green and sustainable development of Chinese industrial sectors in terms of air pollution and CO2 reduction. Therefore, this study comprehensively summarized the research progress of industrial boilers in terms of primary air pollutant emissions. Currently, significant progress has been made in the study of air pollutant emissions from industrial boilers in China, including the following aspects: (1) the characterization of air pollutant emissions based on field data, (2) the development of multi-scale air pollutant emission inventories, and (3) the scenario analysis of emission reduction potentials and control strategies. In addition, this study further clarified the evolution of air pollution control technologies, based on the analysis of the development of air pollutant emission standards for industrial boilers. Further, the shortcomings of the research on air pollutant emissions of industrial boilers were elucidated, and the perspectives were proposed in view of the development requirements of air pollution control in China. This is expected to provide important contributions to the development of pollution-carbon reduction policies and formulation of green sustainable development strategies related to industrial boilers.
Decision Analysis and Benefit Evaluation of Ridesharing Behavior in Bus Lanes Based on Cumulative Prospect Theory
Authors: Xue Yunqiang , Zhang Boru , Tan Caifeng , Chen Haibo , Bao Guangfa , Liu Jiayu , Bi Yuhan , Li Junying , Guan Hongzhi
Published: February 2025

Sharing dedicated bus lanes with ridesharing private vehicles plays a positive role in improving road traffic efficiency and alleviating traffic congestion. This study investigates the willingness to adopt ridesharing and analyzes the factors influencing ridesharing decisions. Under the scenario of opening dedicated bus lanes to private ridesharing vehicles, a ridesharing decision-making model for dedicated bus lanes is established based on cumulative prospect theory. We analyze the impact of the bus-lane-sharing strategy on travelers’ ridesharing decisions and traffic flow structure. In addition, a bus lane operational efficiency evaluation model based on the combined weighting–TOPSIS method is constructed. Using the principle of maximum closeness, the operational efficiency of bus lanes is evaluated through a case study in a specific area of Nanchang City. The research results indicate that the closeness degree is 0.3720 without the bus-lane-sharing strategy, while the minimum closeness degree is 0.3744 and the maximum closeness degree is 0.3749 when the bus-lane-sharing policy is implemented. Therefore, the implementation of the bus-lane-sharing strategy demonstrates better operational efficiency compared to scenarios without sharing strategies. Additionally, when the number of ridesharing vehicles is relatively small and their capacity is large, travel costs are significantly reduced, and the overall road operational efficiency is improved. This study provides important reference values and practical significance for alleviating traffic congestion, improving the utilization efficiency of road resources, and formulating bus-lane-sharing policies.
Economic Development, Renewable Energy Use, and International Tourism: Strategic Approaches to Carbon Emission Reduction in SICA Countries
Authors: Gazeloğlu Cengiz , Erkılıç Eren
Published: February 2025

This study analyzes the dynamic relationships among economic growth, international tourism, renewable energy use, and carbon emissions in the member countries of the Central American Inter-American Integration System (SICA). Conducted using a panel dataset, it was found that economic growth and international tourism increased carbon emissions. On the other hand, it was found that renewable energy usage significantly reduced emissions. The study evaluates the environmental impacts of economic growth in the context of the environmental Kuznets curve and carbon intensity theory. The study also suggests that low-carbon and renewable energy-based tourism practices strengthen both environmental sustainability and long-term economic resilience within the scope of the Energy Transition Theory. In the study, a panel dataset consisting of 140 observations from SICA countries from 2001 to 2020 was used, and the feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) model was applied. As a result, the long-term relationships between the variables were verified with the help of panel cointegration tests. The findings reveal that holistic and long-term policy strategies based on the interaction of economic growth, renewable energy use, and the tourism sector should be developed in order to achieve sustainable development goals in SICA countries.
The Monitoring of Macroplastic Waste in Selected Environment with UAV and Multispectral Imaging
Authors: Oberski Tomasz , Walendzik Bartosz , Szejnfeld Marta
Published: February 2025

Plastic pollution is becoming an increasingly serious threat to the natural environment. Macroplastics, primarily polyethylene films, pose significant ecological and economic risks, particularly in the agricultural sector. Effective monitoring of their presence is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation measures. Conventional techniques for identifying environmental contaminants, based on field studies, are often time-consuming and limited in scope. In response to these challenges, a study was conducted with the primary aim of utilizing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), multispectral cameras, and classification tools to monitor macroplastic pollution. The model object for the study was an industrial compost pile. The performance of four object-oriented classifiers—Random Forest, k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN), Maximum Likelihood, and Minimum Distance—was evaluated to effectively identify waste contamination. The best results were achieved with the k-NN classifier, which recorded a Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) of 0.641 and an accuracy (ACC) of 0.891. The applied classifier identified a total 37.35% of the studied compost pile’s surface as contamination of plastic. The results of the study show that UAV technology, combined with multispectral imaging, can serve as an effective and relatively cost-efficient tool for monitoring macroplastic pollution in the environment.