bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The variation in hectolitre weight of wheat grain fed with or without enzyme supplementation influences nutrient digestibility and subsequently affects performance in pigs
Authors: Clarke Louise C. , Sweeney Torres , Duffy Sarah K. , Rajauria Gaurav , O’Doherty John V.
Published: December 2018

A 2 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding a wheat‐based diet of two different hectolitre weights (66 vs. 74 kg/hl), achieved through different agronomical conditions, with or without the supplementation of a β‐glucanase and β‐xylanase enzyme mix on young pigs. The parameter categories which were assessed included growth performance, coefficient of apparent total tract digestibility (CATTD), faecal consistency, faecal microbial populations and faecal volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations. Sixty‐four pigs (11.6 kg SD 0.97) were assigned to one of four dietary treatments: (T1) low hectolitre weight wheat diet, (T2) low hectolitre weight wheat diet containing 0.1 g/kg β‐glucanase and β‐xylanase enzyme supplement, (T3) high hectolitre weight wheat diet and (T4) high hectolitre weight wheat diet containing 0.1 g/kg β‐glucanase and β‐xylanase enzyme supplement. The inclusion of wheat was 500 g/kg in the diet. The low hectolitre weight grain had a higher level of zearalenone, aflatoxin and ochratoxin contamination compared to the high hectolitre weight grain. The high hectolitre weight wheat had a higher gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP) and lysine contents compared to the low hectolitre weight wheat. Pigs offered the low hectolitre weight diet had a lower average daily gain (ADG) (p < 0.001), a lower gain to feed (G:F) ratio (p < 0.001) and a higher faecal score (more diarrhoea) (p < 0.001) compared to pigs offered the high hectolitre weight. The low hectolitre weight diet had a reduced CATTD (p < 0.05) of nitrogen (N) and gross energy (GE) compared with pigs offered the high hectolitre weight diet. In conclusion, the higher level of mycotoxins and lower content of GE, CP and lysine in the low‐quality wheat reduced ADG and the CATTD of nutrients in pigs offered this diet. The inclusion of a β‐glucanase and β‐xylanase enzyme mix had no effect on growth performance or nutrient digestibility.
Dynamic changes of fatty acids and minerals in sow milk during lactation
Authors: Hu Ping , Yang Huairong , Lv Bo , Zhao Daoyuan , Wang Jing , Zhu Weiyun
Published: December 2018

The objective of the present study was to explore the changes in fatty acids (FAs) and minerals composition in sow milk in order to improve the knowledge about FAs and mineral requirements for piglets. The FAs and minerals composition in the sow milk samples which were collected from ten sows during a period of 16 days of lactation was analysed. The proportion of FAs in sow milk has a significant increase in C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, C14:1 and C16:1 FAs and the sum of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) according to the lactation period (p < 0.05). The proportion of C18:2 cis‐9,12 FA and the sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) significantly decreased with the advancing of lactation (p < 0.05). The concentrations of minerals, including potassium, copper, manganese and zinc, were higher on day 1 and day 2 than those on day 13 and day 16 (p < 0.05). On the contrary, the lowest concentrations of calcium, sodium, magnesium and iron and the lowest molar calcium: phosphorus ratio emerged in colostrum (p < 0.05). In summary, our results demonstrated FAs profile and minerals concentrations were changed with lactation period. Better understanding of the changes of FAs and minerals may be valuable to swine nutritionists in the commercial industry. In addition, those results provided some meaningful information for sow's diet formulation during lactation.
Effects of isoquinoline alkaloids from Macleaya cordata on physiological, immunological and inflammatory parameters in healthy beagles
Authors: Faehnrich B. , Pastor A. , Heide C. , Kröger S. , Zentek J.
Published: December 2018

The aim of the study was to investigate nutritional, physiological and immunological effects of a plant‐derived blend of isoquinoline alkaloids (Sangrovit® Extra) in healthy dogs. Two groups of healthy, adult beagles (N = 10) were tested in a cross‐over experiment, lasting two consecutive three‐week periods. The experimental group received 1.2 g additive/kg feed, according to the recommendation of 10–20 mg/kg live weight per day. The control group received the same feed without additive. Complete blood count, immunological parameters and amino acid concentrations in serum were assessed. Faeces were analysed for short‐chain fatty acids, lactate and ammonium; moreover, their quantity and consistency were determined. Neither feed intake, total apparent nutrient digestibility (crude protein and fat, organic matter, sodium, potassium) were affected by intake of the product. Lymphocyte and monocyte counts were slightly increased in both groups. Elevation was not treatment dependant. IgA, IgG, haptoglobin in serum and flow cytometric phenotyping of peripheral lymphocytes were not affected by alkaloids supplementation. Numerically greater methionine concentrations in blood serum occurred in the experimental group (p = 0.182). Quantity and consistency of faeces and ammonium concentration in faeces were not affected by the additive. Faecal concentrations of short‐chain organic acids differed between groups (acetic acid, % of total SCFA: control group 52.3 ± 5.2 vs. experimental group 57.1 ± 4.5, p = 0.042), lactate concentrations (d‐, l‐ and total) did not. Due to the shift of SCFA proportions in faeces, an effect of isoquinoline alkaloids (IQs) on the metabolic activity of intestinal microbiota is probable. In conclusion, the addition of IQs in the given dose was well tolerated and did not have adverse effects in healthy dogs.
Mosaic modularity: an updated perspective and research agenda for the evolution of vascular cambial growth
Authors: Tomescu Alexandru M. F. , Groover Andrew T.
Published: December 2018

Secondary growth from a vascular cambium, present today only in seed plants and isoetalean lycophytes, has a 400‐million‐yr evolutionary history that involves considerably broader taxonomic diversity, most of it hidden in the fossil record. Approaching vascular cambial growth as a complex developmental process, we review data from living plants and fossils that reveal diverse modes of secondary growth. These are consistent with a modular nature of secondary growth, when considered as a tracheophyte‐wide structural feature. This modular perspective identifies putative constituent developmental modules of cambial growth, for which we review developmental anatomy and regulation. Based on these data, we propose a hypothesis that explains the sources of diversity of secondary growth, considered across the entire tracheophyte clade, and opens up new avenues for exploring the origin of secondary growth. In this hypothesis, various modes of secondary growth reflect a mosaic pattern of expression of different developmental–regulatory modules among different lineages. We outline an approach that queries three information systems (living seed plants, living seed‐free plants, and fossils) and integrates data on developmental regulation, anatomy, gene evolution and phylogeny to test the mosaic modularity hypothesis and its implications, and to inform efforts aimed at understanding the evolution of secondary growth.
Imbalance of peripheral follicular helper T lymphocyte subsets in active vitiligo
Authors: Jacquemin Clément , Taieb Alain , Boniface Katia , Seneschal Julien ,   the FHU ACRONIM
Published: December 2018

Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of several autoantibodies, some of which are directed against melanocyte components and have been shown to be associated with the progression of the disease. However, the mechanism involved in the production of autoantibodies remains unclear. Follicular helper CD4+ T cells (TFH) are specialized in B‐cell activation and antibody production, especially the TFH cell subsets type 2 and type 17. To date, TFH cell subsets have not been studied in human vitiligo. This study in 44 vitiligo patients and 19 healthy controls showed an increase in circulating TFH cells associated with disease clinical progression. A more precise analysis of TFH cell phenotype demonstrated that vitiligo is characterized by populations of peripheral TFH cells responsible for helping B‐cell function, such as TFH type 2 and type 17 which produce Th2‐ and TH17‐related cytokines, respectively. These findings suggest a new mechanism involving TFH cell subsets in the pathogenesis of human vitiligo and leading to the production of autoantibodies and disease.
Internal strain tunes electronic correlations on the nanoscale
Authors: Pustogow A. , McLeod A. S. , Saito Y. , Basov D. N. , Dressel M.
Published: December 2018

Infrared nanoimaging reveals metallic and insulating stripes of μm size caused by internal strain at the charge-order transition.
In situ recombination junction between p-Si and TiO
2
enables high-efficiency monolithic perovskite/Si tandem cells
Authors: Shen Heping , Omelchenko Stefan T. , Jacobs Daniel A. , Yalamanchili Sisir , Wan Yimao , Yan Di , Phang Pheng , Duong The , Wu Yiliang , Yin Yanting , Samundsett Christian , Peng Jun , Wu Nandi , White Thomas P. , Andersson Gunther G. , Lewis Nathan S. , Catchpole Kylie R.
Published: December 2018

A minimalist approach to integration yields tandem solar cells with high efficiency.
T

RM

maintenance is regulated by tissue damage via P2RX7
Authors: Stark Regina , Wesselink Thomas H. , Behr Felix M. , Kragten Natasja A. M. , Arens Ramon , Koch-Nolte Friedrich , van Gisbergen Klaas P. J. M. , van Lier René A. W.
Published: December 2018

The recognition of tissue damage via P2RX7 reduces the persistence of tissue-resident memory T cells (T
RM
).
Changing the norms that drive intimate partner violence: findings from a cluster randomised trial on what predisposes bystanders to take action in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Abramsky Tanya , Musuya Tina , Namy Sophie , Watts Charlotte , Michau Lori
Published: December 2018

Introduction

Despite widespread calls to end violence against women, there remains limited evidence on how to prevent it. Community-level programmes seek to engage all levels of the community in changing norms that drive intimate partner violence (IPV). However, little is known about what predisposes ordinary people to become active in violence prevention.

Methods

Using data from the SASA! study, a cluster randomised trial of a community mobilisation intervention in Kampala, Uganda, we explore which community members are most likely to intervene when they witness IPV. A cross-sectional survey of community members (18–49 years) was conducted 4 years after intervention implementation began (2012). Among those who had seen IPV in their community (past year), multivariate logistic regression, disaggregated by sex and trial arm, explored the associations between ‘trying to help’ and demographics, IPV experience (women)/perpetration (men), childhood abuse experiences, IPV attitudes and SASA! exposure.

Results

Overall, SASA! community members were more likely to intervene than their control counterparts (57% vs 31%). In control communities, older age (women), increasing relationship duration (men), talking to neighbours (men) and believing it is okay for a woman to tell if she is experiencing IPV (men) were positively associated with trying to help. In SASA! communities associated factors were increasing relationship duration (women/men), employment (women), talking to neighbours (women), childhood abuse experiences (women), lifetime IPV (women/men), IPV-related attitudes (women/men) and greater SASA! exposure (women/men).

Conclusions

Differing results between intervention and control communities suggest contextual factors may modify the effects of personal characteristics/experiences on helping behaviours. Motivation to act brought about by personal experiences of IPV, for example, might only propel individuals into action if they are equipped with the skills, confidence and support of others to do so. Community mobilisation can help create environments and synergies supportive of action.

Trial registration number

NCT00790959.

Study protocol

Available athttp://www.trialsjournal.com/content/13/1/96.
Insufficient sleep and fitness to drive in shift workers: a systematic literature review protocol
Authors: Knott Melissa , Classen Sherrilene , Krasniuk Sarah , Tippett Marisa , Alvarez Liliana
Published: December 2018

Background

The majority of shift workers experience insufficient sleep as a result of their employment. Insufficient sleep is associated with impaired neurocognitive functioning, affecting key skills required for driving, resulting in shift workers experiencing a disproportionate burden of RTC injuries and fatalities. Yet, to our knowledge, no systematic literature review (SLR) exists to critically appraise and synthesise evidence on the determinants of fitness to drive (assessed on-road) and driving performance (assessed in a driving simulator) in shift workers with insufficient sleep.

Objectives

A SLR protocol is established to conduct analysis and synthesis of the level of evidence and confidence in the determinants of fitness to drive and driving performance, among shift workers with insufficient sleep.

Methods

This study follows Cooper and Hedges’ established SLR methodology: formulate the problem, locate and select studies, collect data, appraise critically, analyse and present data, interpret results and disseminate information. Critical appraisal and analysis follows the 2017 American Academy of Neurology guidelines determining the level of evidence and the level of confidence for each determinant identified in the literature. Protocol and results reporting adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols guidelines.

Conclusions

This SLR contributes to research evidence examining the impact of insufficient sleep and driver sleepiness on fitness to drive and driving performance. Analysis of the level of evidence and level of confidence in the existing literature will advance evidence-informed prevention strategies and critical decision-making, to mitigate adverse effects of insufficient sleep for improving road safety.
Work absence due to compensable RTCs in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Gray Shannon Elise , Gabbe Belinda J , Collie Alex
Published: December 2018

Introduction

RTC burden is commonly measured using fatality or hospitalisation statistics. However, non-fatal and less severe injuries contribute substantial economic and human costs, including work absence. In Victoria, Australia, two major compensation systems provide income support to employed people injured in RTCs; workers’ compensation (if RTC occurred during work) and an RTC-specific compensation system. This study aimed to describe the number and rate of episodes of work absence due to compensable RTC and determine factors associated with work-related RTC resulting in work absence.

Methods

Administrative data for working-age people (15–65 years) with accepted compensation claims between 1 July 2003 and 30 June 2013 were extracted from Victoria’s Compensation Research Database and analysed. Injured people receiving at least one day of income support were retained. Rate calculations used Victoria’s labour force as the denominator and negative binomial regression determined any time-based trend changes. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine odds of the RTC being work-related.

Results

There were 40 677 claims made by workers with an RTC injury that consequently missed work, averaging 4068 claims per year at a rate of 12.9 per 100 000 working population. Work-related cases contributed 17.4% (N=7061). Males, older adults and RTCs involving heavy vehicles, buses, trains and trams had higher odds of a work-related RTC resulting in work absence. More severe injuries tended not to be work-related.

Conclusions

Work absence due to RTC injury constitutes a substantial burden, and this measure could provide a valuable addition to conventional RTC statistics.
Use of supplemental oxygen in emergency patients: a systematic review and recommendations for military clinical practice
Authors: Cottey Laura , Jefferys S , Woolley T , Smith J E
Published: December 2018

Introduction

Supplemental oxygen is a key element of emergency treatment algorithms. However, in the operational environment, oxygen supply poses a challenge. The lack of high-quality evidence alongside emerging technologies provides the opportunity to challenge current guidelines. The aim of this review was to appraise the evidence for the administration of oxygen in emergency patients and give recommendations for its use in clinical practice.

Methods

A critical review of the literature was undertaken to determine the evidence for emergency supplemental oxygen use.

Results

Based on interpretation of the limited available evidence, five key recommendations are made: pulse oximetry should be continuous and initiated as early as possible; oxygen should be available to all trauma and medical patients in the forward operating environment; if peripheral oxygen saturations (SpO2) are greater than or equal to 92%, supplemental oxygen is not routinely required; if SpO2is less than 92%, supplemental oxygen should be titrated to achieve an SpO2of greater than 92%; and if flow rates of greater than 5 L/min are required, then urgent evacuation and critical care support should be requested.

Conclusion

Oxygen is not universally required for all patients. Current guidelines aim to prevent hypoxia but with potentially conservative limits. Oxygen should be administered to maintain SpO2at 92% or above. New areas for research, highlighted in this review, may provide a future approach for oxygen use from point of injury to definitive care.
Perceptions of health and healthcare in ex-Army residents of Tameside: a pilot qualitative study
Authors: Senior Steven L.
Published: December 2018

Background

Local authorities and other service providers need data on their local ex-military communities to be able to plan services. However, published research and data may not be applicable to the local population. Qualitative research offers a relatively low-cost way to get insights into the needs of local ex-military communities.

Methods

A pilot study using in-depth interviews with a small convenience sample of former ex-Army residents of Tameside. Framework analysis was used to identify and group themes arising from the data. This study was conducted using the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research.

Results

While participants saw mental health as a particular challenge, they felt that it tends to get disproportionate attention relative to other needs. The study identified potential barriers to accessing health services that arise from an interaction between aspects of military and civilian healthcare culture and practices. Participants also said that military service could affect the health of both partners and children and that these effects might be more pronounced at key times, such as during adolescence.

Conclusion

Participants’ perceptions of the health of former members of the Armed forces reflect the published epidemiological literature. This suggests that qualitative data can be valid for understanding the health needs of local ex-military communities. Further research is needed to test the findings here with a broader group of ex-military personnel, to explore the barriers faced in accessing healthcare and to understand the health needs of the families of ex-service personnel.
Childbearing and maternity leave in residency: determinants and well-being outcomes
Authors: Stack Shobha W , McKinney Christy M , Spiekerman Charles , Best Jennifer A
Published: December 2018

Purpose

To characterise determinants of resident maternity leave and their effect on maternal and infant well-being. Among non-parents, to identify factors that influence the decision to delay childbearing

Study design

In 2016, a survey was sent to female residents at a large academic medical centre on their experiences with maternity leave, the impact of personal and programme factors on length of leave, reasons for delaying childbearing and measures of well-being.

Results

Forty-four percent (214/481) of residents responded. Fifty (23%) residents were parents, and 25 (12%) took maternity leave during training. The average maternity leave length was 8.4 weeks and did not differ across programme type, size or programme director gender but was longer for programmes with fewer women than men. The most common self-reported determinant of leave was financial. Residents with >8 weeks of leave were less likely to have postpartum depression or burnout and more likely to breastfeed longer, perceive support from colleagues and programme directors, and be satisfied with resident parenthood. Among 104 non-parents who were married or partnered, 84 (81%) were delaying childbearing, citing busy work schedules, concern for burdening colleagues and finances.

Conclusions

This study suggests that multiple aspects of resident wellbeing are associated with longer maternity leaves, yet finances and professional relationships hinder length of leave and lead to delayed childbearing. These issues could be addressed at a programme level with clear policies describing how work is redistributed during parental leave and at an institutional and state level through provision of paid family leave.
Growth/differentiation factor 15 causes TGFβ-activated kinase 1-dependent muscle atrophy in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Garfield Benjamin E , Crosby Alexi , Shao Dongmin , Yang Peiran , Read Cai , Sawiak Steven , Moore Stephen , Parfitt Lisa , Harries Carl , Rice Martin , Paul Richard , Ormiston Mark L , Morrell Nicholas W , Polkey Michael I , Wort Stephen John , Kemp Paul R
Published: December 2018

Introduction

Skeletal muscle dysfunction is a clinically important complication of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), a prognostic marker in PAH, has been associated with muscle loss in other conditions. We aimed to define the associations of GDF-15 and muscle wasting in PAH, to assess its utility as a biomarker of muscle loss and to investigate its downstream signalling pathway as a therapeutic target.

Methods

GDF-15 levels and measures of muscle size and strength were analysed in the monocrotaline (MCT) rat, Sugen/hypoxia mouse and in 30 patients with PAH. In C2C12 myotubes the downstream targets of GDF-15 were identified. The pathway elucidated was then antagonised in vivo.

Results

Circulating GDF-15 levels correlated with tibialis anterior (TA) muscle fibre diameter in the MCT rat (Pearson r=−0.61, p=0.003). In patients with PAH, plasma GDF-15 levels of <564 pg/L predicted those with preserved muscle strength with a sensitivity and specificity of ≥80%. In vitro GDF-15 stimulated an increase in phosphorylation of TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1). Antagonising TAK1, with 5(Z)-7-oxozeaenol, in vitro and in vivo led to an increase in fibre diameter and a reduction in mRNA expression of atrogin-1 in both C2C12 cells and in the TA of animals who continued to grow. Circulating GDF-15 levels were also reduced in those animals which responded to treatment.

Conclusions

Circulating GDF-15 is a biomarker of muscle loss in PAH that is responsive to treatment. TAK1 inhibition shows promise as a method by which muscle atrophy may be directly prevented in PAH.

Trial registration number

NCT01847716; Results.
Impact of India’s National Tobacco Control Programme on bidi and cigarette consumption: a difference-in-differences analysis
Authors: Nazar Gaurang P , Chang Kiara C-M , Srivastava Swati , Pearce Neil , Karan Anup , Millett Christopher
Published: December 2018

Background

Despite the importance of decreasing tobacco use to achieve mortality reduction targets of the Sustainable Development Goals in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), evaluations of tobacco control programmes in these settings are scarce. We assessed the impacts of India’s National Tobacco Control Programme (NTCP), as implemented in 42 districts during 2007–2009, on household-reported consumption of bidis and cigarettes.

Methods

Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from nationally representative Household Consumer Expenditure Surveys (1999–2000; 2004–2005 and 2011–2012). Outcomes were: any bidi/cigarette consumption in the household and monthly consumption of bidi/cigarette sticks per person. A difference-in-differences two-part model was used to compare changes in bidi/cigarette consumption between NTCP intervention and control districts, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and time-based heterogeneity.

Findings

There was an overall decline in household-reported bidi and cigarette consumption between 1999–2000 and 2011–2012. However, compared with control districts, NTCP districts had no significantly different reductions in the proportions of households reporting bidi (adjusted OR (AOR): 1.03, 95% CI: 0.84 to 1.28) or cigarette (AOR: 1.01 to 95% CI: 0.82 to 1.26) consumption, or for the monthly per person consumption of bidi (adjusted coefficient: 0.07, 95% CI: −0.13 to 0.28) or cigarette (adjusted coefficient: −0.002, 95% CI: −0.26 to 0.26) sticks among bidi/cigarette consuming households.

Interpretation

Our findings indicate that early implementation of the NTCP may not have produced reductions in tobacco use reflecting generally poor performance against the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control objectives in India. This study highlights the importance of strengthening the implementation and enforcement of tobacco control policies in LMICs to achieve national and international child health and premature NCD mortality reduction targets.
Implications of bovine viral diseases for udder health
Authors: Silva Aline de Jesus da , Souza Fernando Nogueira de , Blagitz Maiara Garcia , Batista Camila Freitas , Bellinazzi Jéssyca Beraldi , Nobre Deisiane Soares Murta , Santos Kamila Reis , Della Libera Alice Maria Melville Paiva
Published: December 2018

Several factors can affect bovine mammary gland health and although bacterial mastitis is the most studied and reported cause, viral infections may also have negative effects on bovine udder health. Viral infections can indirectly damage the papillary duct of the teat, and induce or exacerbate signs of bovine mastitis due to viral-induced immunosuppressive effects that may lead to a greater susceptibility to bacterial mastitis and even intensify the severity of established bacterial infections. Some viruses (Bovine alphaherpesvirus 2, cowpox, pseudocowpox, foot-and-mouth disease, vesicular stomatitis and papillomavirus) affect the integrity of the udder skin, leading to teat lesions, favoring the entry of mastitis-causing pathogens. It is therefore possible that the association between mastitis and viruses is underestimated and may, for example, be associated with negative bacterial culture results. Few milk samples are tested for the presence of viruses, mainly because of the more laborious and expensive procedures required. Furthermore, samples for virus testing would require specific procedures in terms of collection, handling and storage. Thus, there is a knowledge gap in regard to the actual impact of viruses on bovine udder health. Despite the fact that serum anti-virus antibodies can be detected, there is not enough evidence to confirm or exclude the effect of viruses on udder health. However, any expectation of milk production from healthy animals should consider the possible impact of viral infections in mastitis development and not underestimate the importance of actions to diagnose and control the disease. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to describe the association of diagnosis and control of viral diseases and their effect on bovine udder health.
Dose-response effect of crude extracts produced by actinobacteria on in vitro rumen fermentation
Authors: Alves Bruna Gomes , Martins Cristian Marlon de Magalhães Rodrigues , Arcari Marcos André , Peti Ana Paula Ferranti , Moraes Luiz Alberto Beraldo de , Dos Santos Marcos Veiga
Published: December 2018

Actinobacteria have been researched as a source that produces crude extracts, which contain bioactive compounds able to act as antimicrobial agents. The present investigation evaluated the dose-response effect of two crude extracts, obtained at Caatinga rhizosphere (Caat) and Rhizophora mangle (AMC), on in vitro ruminal fermentation by: cumulative gas production, digestibility of dry (IVDMD) and organic matter (IVOMD), and short-chain fatty acids concentration (SCFA). Three multiparous Holstein dairy cows with ruminal fistula were used as the inoculum donors and fed a basal diet consisting of corn silage, soybean meal, urea, ground corn and mineral supplement. Ruminal fluid samples were incubated in glass bottles with 1 g of the dried and milled diet, a buffer solution, and the crude extracts evaluated in four doses (0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.20 mg/10 mL inoculum) in a randomized block design, and the donators were considered as blocks with random effects. Additionally, negative controls were used. The results were expressed as average values based on triplicate analyses. Decreased cumulative gas production was observed according to linear dose response at 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation with the addition of Caat extract. The IVOMD showed a linear decrease at 72 h of incubation with dose Caat inclusion. Furthermore, the inclusion of Caat extract linearly reduced butyric and isovaleric acid concentrations, as well as acetate:propionate ratio. Finally, the Caat inclusion increased the propionic acid concentration in comparison to AMC extract. However, the inclusion of AMC extract did not affect any of the analyzed variables at the used doses. The Caat extract could be used as a modulator of in vitro ruminal fermentation, since it reduced acetate:propionate ratio and cumulative gas production.
Análise comparativa estilística do gênero resumo
Authors: Glushkova Maria , Ferreira Raphael Bessa
Published: December 2018

Este artigo compara o gênero do resumo acadêmico em duas línguas: o russo e o português do Brasil. Inicialmente, ele apresenta algumas ideias sobre a estilística e relata brevemente a chegada desse modelo de análise no Brasil e na Rússia. Após mostrar o desenvolvimento das ideias de Mikhail Bakhtin sobre estilo e gênero em diálogo com a escola da estilística funcional russa, promove a análise comparativa do gênero ‘resumo de artigo científico’ nas respectivas comunidades etnolinguísticas com vistas a evidenciar semelhanças e diferenças entre seus enunciados. O gênero é abordado na pesquisa como uma forma fixa da comunicação científica que refrata e reflete a situação imediata da realidade científica em ambos os países.
Camarada Manoelóvsky? História, literatura e sociedade na obra poética de Manoel de Barros
Authors: Chaves Kelson Gérison Oliveira
Published: December 2018

O texto aborda a interface entre história, memória e narrativa literária na obra de Manoel de Barros. Exploram-se aspectos da trajetória desse sujeito histórico, Manoel de Barros, que se deu ao longo de quase todo o século XX e terminou na segunda década do século XXI, cotejando a memória poética instituída sobre o autor com questões sociais, políticas e históricas que permeiam sua obra, visando a reflexão sobre literatura e sociedade.
A pena da galhofa e a tinta da melancolia em Sentimental Journey
Authors: Vasconcelos Sandra Guardini
Published: December 2018

Em Uma viagem sentimental através da França e da Itália (1768), Laurence Sterne põe em xeque e tensiona uma série de concepções que se tornaram correntes principalmente a partir da segunda metade do século XVIII na Inglaterra. Valendo-se da tradição da narrativa de viagem, que ele também parodia, Sterne leva Yorick, sua personagem principal, à França para ficcionalizar um debate importante em seu tempo, tratando-o com humor e graça, sem, no entanto, apagar suas contradições.
Metafísicas da natureza na época das luzes (Diderot, D’Alembert, Buffon)
Authors: Pimenta Pedro Paulo
Published: December 2018

Trata-se de examinar a concepção de Natureza em Diderot de modo a mostrar a redefinição desse conceito em algumas passagens de sua obra, culminando com o Sonho de d'Alembert. Para tanto, são mobilizados, além de textos do próprio Diderot, também escritos de seus contemporâneos, Buffon e d’Alembert.
A paixão dos raios solares – uma leitura heliotrópica de Hilda Hilst e Georges Bataille
Authors: Barbosa Aline Leal Fernandes
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo pretende estabelecer um estudo comparativo entre as obras e as trajetórias de Hilda Hilst e de Georges Bataille, a partir das ideias de excesso e de transgressão, e apontando para a ideia do obsceno na literatura. A leitura desses autores será conduzida a partir da imagem do Sol, cara a Bataille. Em todo o seu excesso e exuberância, provedor e castrador, o Sol nos dará a medida da transgressão.
Mestre Boris e o saber socializado
Authors: Fonseca Maria Augusta
Published: December 2018

Recortes de Maria Augusta Fonseca.
Vozes de barbárie, vozes de cultura. Uma leitura dos contos de Rubem Fonseca
Authors: Schnaiderman Boris
Published: December 2018

Artigo de Boris Schnaiderman.
Um adolescente à procura de seu eu
Authors: Bezerra Paulo
Published: December 2018

O adolescente, de Doistoiévski, estrutura-se sobre a ideia de formação e educação, o que é incomum na vasta obra do escritor. Neste artigo é analisada a trajetória de formação do personagem que dá título ao romance em suas relações familiares, afetivas e sociais.
Aspectos diluídos do Bildungsroman em Extinção – Uma derrocada, de Thomas Bernhard
Authors: Santos José Lucas Zaffani dos , Maas Wilma Patricia
Published: December 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é destacar algumas características do conceito de Bildungsroman presentes na obra Extinção – Uma derrocada (1986), de Thomas Bernhard. O termo Bildungsroman surge associado à obra Os anos de aprendizado de Wilhelm Meister (1795-1796), de Goethe. No entanto, uma vez que os pressupostos históricos presentes no paradigma goethiano se alteraram, os elementos do Bildungsroman encontram-se diluídos nas obras que apresentam traços desse gênero. O romance Extinção possui semelhanças com o programa narrativo do Bildungsroman, contudo elas estão presentes de maneira diluída.
Formação de duas jovens esposas
Authors: Amaral Gloria Carneiro do
Published: December 2018

O ensaio enfoca o processo de construção do romance Mémoires de deux jeunes mariées, de Honoré de Balzac. Especial atenção é dispensada à correspondência de duas jovens aristocratas francesas da época da Restauração, Louise de Chaulieu e Renée de Maucombe, que trocam ideias sobre suas respectivas vidas afetivas e casamentos, depois de anos de convivência num convento de carmelitas, na qualidade de alunas internas. O objetivo principal do romancista consiste numa discussão sobre o casamento, tal como visto na época, e sobre duas perspectivas de amor – o afeto conjugal e a paixão – em suas relações com aquela instituição.
Políticas públicas para a biblioteca escolar e o fortalecimento da identidade regional brasileira: as contribuições do PNBE
Authors: Cabral Ada Miriam , Pereira Rodrigo
Published: December 2018

A biblioteca escolar enquanto instrumento potencial de transformação e desenvolvimento social, só pode ser efetiva quando são estabelecidas políticas públicas para a sua manutenção. O Programa Nacional Biblioteca da Escola (PNBE), estabeleceu-se como uma política que visa subsidiar às bibliotecas escolares, acervos que tornem possível a sua eficácia. Caracterizado por selecionar e distribuir acervos de obras literárias, obras de atualização e de fomento à leitura, é portanto, o único recurso de composição e atualização das coleções para a grande maioria das bibliotecas escolares da rede pública de ensino. Os critérios do PNBE estabelecidos anualmente defendem assim, uma diversidade textual e temática das obras selecionadas, visando representar por meio das coleções o multifacetamento da sociedade brasileira. Buscou-se assim, verificar se o PNBE tem contribuído para a construção da identidade regional brasileira por meio dos acervos selecionados e distribuídos para as bibliotecas escolares. A pesquisa de caráter exploratório, utilizou-se do método descritivo, comparativo e qualitativo com o uso da análise de conteúdo, buscando contemplar toda a complexidade do programa. Através da pesquisa documental, por meio dos documentos oficiais do programa, os dados foram coletados. A partir dos dados percebeu-se que há uma boa distribuição entre obras nacionais e internacionais, clássicos, contemporâneos e gerais. Dentre as obras que representam a cultura regional há a predominância de contextos urbanos e da região sudeste, ainda que estes sejam diversificados quanto a diversidade cultural que os compõe. São necessários outros estudos para aprofundar as percepções, e percebe-se que o caminho para a mudança da realidade da biblioteca escolar ainda é longo.
Análise dos jornais: “O Estado de S. Paulo” e “Diário de Notícias”. Diferentes posicionamentos da imprensa acerca do Movimento de 1932
Authors: Silva Bruna Oliveira da , Madeira Graziela Mazzeo
Published: December 2018

Este artigo propõe contrapor os jornais “O Estado de S. Paulo” e “Diário de Notícias” no período em que ocorre o Movimento de 1932. Objetiva-se analisar as diferentes posições da imprensa acerca deste acontecimento. Para tanto, investiga-se as quatro primeiras páginas que noticiam o início e o término do Movimento, nos dias 11 de julho e 04 de outubro de 1932. Nestas, averígua-se tanto a disposição textual e imagética proposta pelos editores, quanto o conteúdo nelas exposto. Adota-se como principal referência para este estudo, o posicionamento assumido por Maria Helena Capelato na obra O movimento de 32: a causa paulista. Evidencia-se a polarização política existente entre os periódicos e, por conseguinte, tendo por base que a imprensa é um veículo de comunicação capaz de influenciar a opinião pública através dos discursos expostos ressalta-se sua relevância para a análise deste acontecimento. Assim, o Movimento de 1932 pode ser compreendido de maneiras distintas, à depender dos interesses que os agentes históricos envolvidos, tais como: os editores, a elite paulista e o Governo almejam perpetuar, seja no período considerado ou nos dias atuais.
Anesthesia in Patients With Multiple-System Atrophy: A Narrative Review and Practice Guidance
Authors: Kumar Chandra M. , Seet Edwin , Singh Rohit Kumar , Joshi Girish P.
Published: December 2018

Multiple-system atrophy, a rare adult-onset neurodegenerative disease, is associated with autonomic dysfunction, features of parkinsonism, and cerebellar ataxia. This article discusses multiple-system atrophy pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and perioperative issues pertinent to anesthesia.
ACSM Preparticipation Health Screening Guidelines: A UK University Cohort Perspective
Authors: PRICE OLIVER J. , TSAKIRIDES COSTAS , GRAY MIKE , STAVROPOULOS-KALINOGLOU ANTONIOS
Published: December 2018

Purpose

Preparticipation health screening is recommended to detect individuals susceptible to serious adverse cardiovascular complications during exercise. Although expert opinion and best available scientific evidence have informed recent modifications, there remain limited experimental data to support or refute current practice. We therefore aimed to quantify the impact of change to the preparticipation health screening guidelines of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) on risk classification and referral for medical clearance in a large cohort of undergraduate university students.

Methods

Participants attended the laboratory on a single occasion to undergo preparticipation health screening. Information concerning health status was obtained via self-report questionnaire and objective physiological assessment with all data recorded electronically and evaluated against the ACSM screening guidelines (9th and 10th editions).

Results

Five hundred and fifty-three students completed the study. The 9th edition screening guidance resulted in 82 subjects (15%) classified as high risk, almost one-quarter (24%) classified as moderate risk, and almost two-thirds (61%) classified as low risk. In comparison, the updated 10th edition screening guidance resulted in a significant reduction in those previously classified as either high risk (5%) or moderate risk (2%), respectively. The majority of subjects (93%) were therefore cleared to begin a structured exercise program. Taken together, approximately one-third (32%) fewer medical referrals were required when applying the updated 10th edition guidance (χ24= 247.7,P< 0.001).

Conclusions

The updated ACSM 10th edition preparticipation screening guidance reduces medical referrals by approximately one-third. These findings are in keeping with previous reports and thus serve to consolidate and justify recent modification—particularly when applied to young adult or adolescent populations. The findings and arguments presented should be used to refine and inform future guidance.
Urban climate in Central European cities and global climate change
Authors: Bokwa Anita , Dobrovolný Petr , Gál Tamás , Geletič Jan , Gulyás Ágnes , Hajto Monika J , Holec Juraj , Hollósi Brigitta , Kielar Rafał , Lehnert Michal , Skarbit Nóra , Šťastný Pavel , Švec Marek , Unger János , Walawender Jakub , Žuvela-Aloise Maja
Published: December 2018

Urban areas are among those most endangered with the potential global climate changes. The studies concerning the impact of global changes on local climate of cities are of a high significance for the urban inhabitants' health and wellbeing. This paper is the final report of a project (Urban climate in Central European cities and global climate change) with the aim to raise the public awareness on those issues in five Central European cities: Szeged (Hungary), Brno (Czech Republic), Bratislava (Slovakia), Kraków (Poland) and Vienna (Austria). Within the project, complex data concerning local geomorphological features, land use and long-term climatological data were used to perform the climate modelling analyses using the model MUKLIMO_3 provided by the German Weather Service (DWD).
O significado do trabalho na indústria criativa: um estudo no porto digital do Recife
Authors: Rampazzo Nut Leão , Raboni Pierre Lucena , Mello Paula Roberta Callado Bezerra de
Published: December 2018

O presente estudo tem como objetivo central analisar o significado do trabalho na perspectiva de colaboradores do Porto Digital, de forma a auxiliar na elaboração de políticas empresariais para este setor da economia criativa. Os dados foram coletados através da aplicação de questionários do período de 6 a 9 de janeiro de 2014 junto àqueles que trabalham no Porto Digital. A análise dos dados foi realizada com o auxílio dos softwares SPSS 17.0 e Microsoft Excel 2007. Os resultados indicam que seis fatores influenciam a satisfação dos trabalhadores: a responsabilidade socioestrutural da empresa, as condições de trabalho, a realização obtida no trabalho, o desenvolvimento alcançado, os valores da empresa e macroestrutura oferecida pela empresa.
Perfil metodológico dos incentivos fiscais aplicados em políticas públicas: uma análise do cenário de 2006 a 2016
Authors: Batista Bruna Campanharo , De Oliveira Marilene Olivier Ferreira , Dornellas Vinicius de Almeida , De Carvalho Vinicius Ramon Taufner , D'Andréa Rafael
Published: December 2018

A concessão de incentivos fiscais é uma prática sólida e com utilização diversa na gestão do país, como por exemplo, desenvolvimento de setores do mercado e/ou de parques industriais, e ainda indução de comportamentos socialmente e ambientalmente corretos. Fato é que os instrumentos fiscais contidos nas leis e programas devem ser avaliados para que se tome as medidas necessárias em prol da melhoria contínua. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste artigo é apresentar, a partir do que foi publicado desde o ano de 2006 até 2016, quais as principais metodologias utilizadas para a análise dos incentivos fiscais. Para tanto, foi utilizado como método a pesquisa bibliográfica para se definir a amostra de estudo e, partir dela, ponderar sobre cinco critérios, que são: foco do estudo, ponto de vista, programa ou incentivo fiscal em voga, abordagem e método. Por fim, apresentou-se o panorama metodológico das pesquisas e foram elencados os principais caminhos percorridos pelos autores que se propuseram a avaliar os incentivos fiscais.
Longitudinal wind speed time series generation to wind turbine controllers tuning
Authors: González-González Asier , Lopez-Guede Jose Manuel
Published: December 2018

Although there are a wide variety of applications that require wind speed time series (WSTS), this paper emphases on WSTS to be used into wind turbine controllers tuning. These simulations involve several WSTS to perform a proper assessment. These WSTS must assure realistic wind speed variations such as wind gusts and include some rare events such as extreme wind situations. The architecture proposed to generate this WSTS is based on autoregressive models with certain post-processing. The methodology used is entirely described by precise notation as well as it is parametrized by means of data gathered from a weather station. Two main different simulations are performed and assessment; the first simulation is fed by weather data with high wind speed and great variability. The second simulation, on the opposite, use calm wind speed as a data source.Article History: Received 1st  June 2018; Received in revised form Sept 6th 2018; Accepted October 10th 2018; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: González, A.G. and Guede, J.M.L. (2018) Longitudinal Wind Speed Time Series Generated With Autoregressive Methods For Wind Turbine Control.  International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 7(3), 199-204.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.3.199-204
Mathematical Modelling of Molecular Separation Processes in Aggressive Solvent Systems
Authors: Sereewatthanawut Issara , Lisawadi Supranee , Prasittisopin Lapyote
Published: December 2018

Research works on membrane technology, particularly molecular separation in solvent-based systems, has increased tremendously in recent years. In order to apply this technology at industrial scale, a suitable mathematical model for process design and optimisation must be developed. In the present study, mathematical models to describe process performance were developed with different levels of complexities. The models were developed based on two general transport mechanisms, pore-flow and solution-diffusion principles. Models with different complexity levels were developed, ranging from simple process models to a combination of transport, mass transfer and osmotic pressure effects. Series of molecular separation experiments were conducted to validate the models and to compare the difference among all models. The experimental system conducted in this study was a mixture of organic dyes in n-Dimethylformamide (DMF) solution, which mimics a typical industrial application where molecular purification in aggressive organic solvent is required. The filtration results obtained from any mathematical models are in good agreement with the experiments. The calculated purity of the organic dyes in the permeate ranging from 99.72 % to 100 % in comparison to 99.76 % from the experiments at 8000 s. The results obtained from this study can potentially be applied for industrial application as a prediction tool without conducting any excessive experiments.