bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a Virtual Human for Supporting Tobacco Cessation During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Loveys Kate , Lloyd Erica , Sagar Mark , Broadbent Elizabeth
Published: October 2023

People who consume tobacco are at greater risk of developing severe COVID-19. Unfortunately, the COVID-19 pandemic reduced the accessibility of tobacco cessation services as a result of necessary social restrictions. Innovations were urgently needed to support tobacco cessation during the pandemic. Virtual humans are artificially intelligent computer agents with a realistic, humanlike appearance. Virtual humans could be a scalable and engaging way to deliver tobacco cessation information and support. Florence, a virtual human health worker, was developed in collaboration with the World Health Organization to remotely support people toward tobacco cessation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Florence delivers evidence-based information, assists with making quit plans, and directs people to World Health Organization–recommended cessation services in their country. In this viewpoint, we describe the process of developing Florence. The development was influenced by a formative evaluation of data from 115 early users of Florence from 49 countries. In general, Florence was positively perceived; however, changes were requested to aspects of her design and content. In addition, areas for new content were identified (eg, for nonsmoker support persons). Virtual health workers could expand the reach of evidence-based tobacco cessation information and personalized support. However, as they are a new innovation in tobacco cessation, their efficacy, feasibility, and acceptability in this application needs to be evaluated, including in diverse populations.
A Digital Music-Based Mindfulness Intervention (“healing attempt”) for Race-Based Anxiety in Black Americans
Authors: Jones Grant , Castro-Ramirez Franchesca , McGuire Taylor , Al-Suwaidi Maha , Herrmann Felipe
Published: October 2023

This study replicates and extends findings that “healing attempt”—a brief digital music-based mindfulness intervention—represents a feasible and potentially effective intervention for race-based anxiety in the Black community.
The Impact of Multimodal Large Language Models on Health Care’s Future
Authors: Meskó Bertalan
Published: October 2023

When large language models (LLMs) were introduced to the public at large in late 2022 with ChatGPT (OpenAI), the interest was unprecedented, with more than 1 billion unique users within 90 days. Until the introduction of Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4) in March 2023, these LLMs only contained a single mode—text.
As medicine is a multimodal discipline, the potential future versions of LLMs that can handle multimodality—meaning that they could interpret and generate not only text but also images, videos, sound, and even comprehensive documents—can be conceptualized as a significant evolution in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). This paper zooms in on the new potential of generative AI, a new form of AI that also includes tools such as LLMs, through the achievement of multimodal inputs of text, images, and speech on health care’s future. We present several futuristic scenarios to illustrate the potential path forward as multimodal LLMs (M-LLMs) could represent the gateway between health care professionals and using AI for medical purposes. It is important to point out, though, that despite the unprecedented potential of generative AI in the form of M-LLMs, the human touch in medicine remains irreplaceable. AI should be seen as a tool that can augment health care professionals rather than replace them. It is also important to consider the human aspects of health care—empathy, understanding, and the doctor-patient relationship—when deploying AI.
A Digital Music-Based Mindfulness Intervention (“healing attempt”) for Race-Based Anxiety in Black Americans (Preprint)
Authors: Jones Grant , Castro-Ramirez Franchesca , McGuire Taylor , Al-Suwaidi Maha , Herrmann Felipe
Published: October 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

This study replicates and extends findings that “healing attempt”—a brief digital music-based mindfulness intervention—represents a feasible and potentially effective intervention for race-based anxiety in the Black community.
The role of augmented reality in advancing medical training techniques: a study on cricothyroidotomy (Preprint)
Authors: Cho Hyunchung , Kim Jongchul , Kim Sumin , Chang Hansol , Heo Sejin , Kim Minha , Lee Se Uk , Cha Won Chul , Kim Taerim
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Cricothyroidotomy, which is as crucial as tracheal intubation in difficult airway situations, does not have many actual instances, therefore few medical professionals are familiar with the method. The purpose of this study was to develop a Cricothyroidotomy training program utilizing Augmented Reality (AR), which has lately been utilized extensively to medical education, to determine if it can be used in the clinical setting as effectively as traditional training.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency compared to existing education of conducting cricothyroidotomy education by medical staff through AR-based education.

METHODS

This prospective pilot study was conducted in Samsung Medical Center (SMC), Seoul from November to December 2022. Doctors and Emergency medical technicians (EMT) who have never experienced HoloLens before have been registered. We randomized a total of 30 participants into two groups: PowerPoint presentation (PPT) and AR groups. AR group participants were trained step by step by wearing head-mounted displays, while PPT group used presentations displayed on their laptop computers. Participants conducted a total of five training sessions, and after two weeks, they went through one more training to see how well they remembered the procedure.

RESULTS

The total time required for the procedure was derived as primary outcome. As for the second outcome, confidence, satisfaction, and pre-posttest were conducted through a survey between two groups. In addition, researchers assigned educational evaluation indicators for participants' cricothyroidotomy skills and conducted usability evaluation for HoloLens2 through Stell Use Stainless (SUS) and HoloLens Likert feedback surveys. In the estimated procedure time, which was the main outcome, both groups were recorded similarly, and performance satisfaction was also similar.

CONCLUSIONS

Examining the time required for the pre-post exam revealed that students' short-term memories were preserved, and educational satisfaction was high. These findings underscore the success of this training approach, particularly in scenarios where remote learning is essential, including situations influenced by factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic and other constraints.
Privacy Barriers in Health Monitoring: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Sun Luyi , Yang Bian , Kindt Els , Chu Jingyi
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Health monitoring technologies help patients and older adults live better and stay longer in their own homes. However, there are many factors influencing their adoption of these technologies. Privacy is one of them.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the privacy barriers in health monitoring from current research, analyze the factors that influence patients to adopt assisted living technologies, provide a social psychological explanation, and propose suggestions for mitigating these barriers in future research.

METHODS

A scoping review was conducted, and web-based literature databases were searched for published studies to explore the available research on privacy barriers in a health monitoring environment.

RESULTS

In total, 65 articles met the inclusion criteria and were selected and analyzed. Contradictory findings and results were found in some of the included articles. We analyzed the contradictory findings and provided possible explanations for current barriers, such as demographic differences, information asymmetry, researchers’ conceptual confusion, inducible experiment design and its psychological impacts on participants, researchers’ confirmation bias, and a lack of distinction among different user roles. We found that few exploratory studies have been conducted so far to collect privacy-related legal norms in a health monitoring environment. Four research questions related to privacy barriers were raised, and an attempt was made to provide answers.

CONCLUSIONS

This review highlights the problems of some research, summarizes patients’ privacy concerns and legal concerns from the studies conducted, and lists the factors that should be considered when gathering and analyzing people’s privacy attitudes.
Factors Impacting Chinese Older Adults’ Intention to Prevent COVID-19 in the Post–COVID-19 Pandemic Era: Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Guan Huixin , Wang Wei
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Understanding the factors influencing individuals’ health decisions is a dynamic research question. Particularly, after China announced the deregulation of the COVID-19 epidemic, health risks escalated rapidly. The convergence of “no longer controlled” viruses and the infodemic has created a distinctive social period during which multiple factors may have influenced people’s decision-making. Among these factors, the precautionary intentions of older individuals, as a susceptible health group, deserve special attention.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to examine the intention of older adults to engage in preventive behaviors and the influencing factors, including social, media, and individual factors, within the context of the postepidemic era. Drawing upon the structural influence model of communication, this study tests the potential mediating roles of 3 different types of media exposure between cognitive and structural social capital and protective behavior intention, as well as the moderating role of negative emotions between social capital and media exposure.

METHODS

In this study, a web survey was used to collect self-reported quantitative data on social capital, media exposure, negative emotions, and the intention to prevent COVID-19 among older adults aged ≥60 years (N=399) in China.

RESULTS

The results indicate that cognitive social capital significantly influenced protective behavior intention (P<.001), with cell phone exposure playing an additional impactful role (P<.001). By contrast, newspaper and radio exposure and television exposure mediated the influence of structural social capital on protective behavior intention (P<.001). Furthermore, negative emotions played a moderating role in the relationship between cognitive social capital and cell phone exposure (P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

This study suggests that using tailored communication strategies across various media channels can effectively raise health awareness among older adults dealing with major pandemics in China, considering their diverse social capital characteristics and emotional states.

CLINICALTRIAL
Five flavonoids from Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) varieties
Authors: Grechana Olena , Serbin Anatoly , Rudnik Anna , Saliy Olena
Published: October 2023

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L., Fabaceae) is knowed as perennial herbaceous leguminous plant species that originated in southwestern Asia and used as folk medicine for the treatment of various ailments. The upperground part of Lucerne contain phenolic compound such as flavonoids etc., that contributes to its biological activities. The aim of this study was to determine five widely knowing flavonoids in extracts 20 alfalfa varieties herb at the Ukrainian steppe growing. We selected 50 seeds of the same size from twenty alfalfa cultivars from different countries, were cultivated under controlled areas of southern part of the Ukrainian left-bank at border of forest-steppe and steppe zones (Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine) from April to June, with 15 °C/ 07 °C (day/night), 14 h/10 h (light/dark) and 60–65% relative humidity. The content of flavonoids were found unequable in ethanol extracts. The chemical compositions and their content were assessed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography. The content of five flavonoids were different in the 20 alfalfa varieties raw materials. Umbelliferone were found high in ethanol extract of Mongolian colorful hybrid (Mongolia, 0,23 mg|g). Four sorts have not contained umbelliferone: Кisvardai (Hungary), Nizona (Cuba), Тanhuato (Mexico) and Mesopotamian (Iraq). The leader from cinaroside content was sort Commercial 2-52-75 of UK origin. Routine has been found in the highest quantities in WL 50 from USA. Ferganska 700 from Uzbekistan was leader in luteolin content and Кisvardai, Hungary was leader in average of kaempferol content (0,030 mg|g). The present article comprises the hierarchical cluster analyses from the data flavonoid assay.
Molecular docking and ADMET prediction studies of Flavonoids as multi-target agents in COVID-19 therapy: anti-inflammatory and antiviral approaches
Authors: Fakhrudin Nanang
Published: October 2023

Recent studies showed that hyper-inflammatory reactions including cytokines storm leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome and responsible for death toll in COVID-19. Thus, the pathways involved in inflammation and SARS-Cov-2 replication represent a promising therapeutic target. By employing a computational model, we investigated the effect of plant flavonoids on pro-inflammatory proteins (glucocorticoid receptor (GR), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes), and on proteins involved in virus replication (main protease (Mpro), and papain-like protease (PLpro)). This in silico study study aimed to identify promising flavonoids with anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities (multi-target) for combating COVID-19. Mpro (PDBID: 6LU7), PLpro (PDBID: 6WX4), COX-2 (PDBID: 6COX), LOX (PDBID: 6N2W), and GR (PDBID: 1P93) were selected as target proteins. The molecular docking experiment was done using PLANTS software. Parameters for Lipinski’s “Rule-of-Five'', and the prediction of pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles were done using the online platform, pkCSM. We found that 2 flavonoids, diosmin and hesperidin demonstrated low binding score and stronger than that of the reference ligands for the target proteins of Mpro, PLpro, and LOX. These compounds interact with amino acid residues of the protein targets through hydrogen bonds and show similar binding pattern compared to the approved drugs and native ligands. The ADMET and drug-likeness profiles prediction indicated that they have low toxicity, and good pharmacokinetic properties with the exception of the absorption profile. Hesperidin and diosmin are the promising candidates to be further investigated as multi-target agent for the treatment of COVID-19 through simultaneous inhibition of inflammation and virus replication.
Impact of Gene Polymorphism on Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaco-dynamics of Calcium Channel Blockers: A Narrative Review
Authors: Atmaja Sarah Puspita , Nugrahaningsih Dwi Aris Agung , Rawar Ellsya Angeline , Ani Kristiyani  , Sadewa Ahmad Hamim , Virginia Dita Maria
Published: October 2023

A class of drugs known as calcium channel blockers (CCBs) is used to treat hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias. There are two subcategories of this medication class: dihydropyridines and non-dihydropyridines. Studies on CYP3A5*3, AGTR1 rs275653, ABCB1 (MDR1) rs1045642, and POR*28 A503V have all investigated the effects of SNPs on CCBs. This study will carry out more research to ascertain which SNPs have the most influence on the effectiveness of CCBs. The narrative reviews in this article come from a variety of sources. We performed searches in Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using the terms "calcium channel blocker," "efficacy," "blood pressure response," "pharmacokinetic," and "polymorphism" OR "genetic" OR "genomic" to find pertinent articles. When prescription antihypertensive medications, particularly calcium channel blockers, it is important to take into account certain gene variants for example CYP3A5*3/*3, CYP3A4 *1G/*1G, MDR1 C3435T , RyR3 gene rs877087 because of their considerable effects.
A Narrative Review of Staphylococcus hominis Resistance Pattern: Multidrug- and Possible Extensively Drug-Resistance
Authors: Meriyani Herleeyana , Sanjaya Dwi Arymbhi , Juanita Rr. Asih , Ketut Ernawati Desak
Published: October 2023

Staphylococcus hominis is the third most frequent opportunistic pathogen in neonates and immunosuppressed patients that cause bacteremia, septicemia, endophthalmitis, and endocarditis. The emergence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus hominis (MRSHo) has been reported and is a growing concern. This review was intended to determine the susceptibility of Staphylococcus hominis to antibiotic agents with pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamic approach. In addition, this review was determined the phenotypic criteria and antibiotic choice of Staphylococcus hominis infection. Four databases i.e., PubMed, PlosOne, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar were employed in searching process. Antibiotic resistance was identified using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the percentage of resistance. The breakpoint value was based on The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MIC and zone diameters Version 11.0. There were 876 articles identified, 35 duplications were removed. These gave a total of 841 articles were screened yet 820 articles were irrelevant. Eventually, 21 articles were reviewed in this report. This review found that Staphylococcus hominis is potentially had MDR activity and a possible XDR bacterium that resistant to some antibacterial agents. The susceptibility of antibiotic to bacteria is not identical, and the regional reported drug resistance varies commonly due to differences in environment and antibiotic use. The resistance profile of Staphylococcus hominis is a complex interaction that affected by multifactorial such as: pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics index, mutant prevention concentration (MPC), mutant selection window (MSW), and the capability to produce biofilm.
Bioactivity Profiles of Actinobacterium Strain BTA 1-131 (InaCC A1205) Isolated from Indonesian Sponge Melophlus sarassinorum
Authors: Atikana Akhirta , Sukmarini Linda , Warsito Mega Ferdina , Untari Febriana , Murniasih Tutik , Rahmawati Siti Irma , Qodria Lailatul , Siwi Olga Rakha , Ratnakomala Shanti , Prasetyoputri Anggia , Putra Masteria Yunovilsa , Lisdiyanti Puspita
Published: October 2023

The phylum Actinobacteria recognized as the most promising producers of many bioactive compounds. Among actinobacteria, the genus Streptomyces are widely known as prolific producers of many antibiotics, for example Streptomycin. The present study investigates potential bioactivity of actinobacteria BTA 1-131 isolated from an Indonesian marine sponge Melophlus sarassinorum. Molecular identification using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the isolate is similar to Streptomyces kunmingensis (98.4%). The isolate was cultivated on to three different fermentation media (ISP2, YS, and SYP) to select the best media for bioactive compounds production. The compounds were extracted from both solid and liquid cultures using methanol as a solvent. The crude methanol extracts were tested for antibacterial and anticancer activity. The bioactivity screening indicates active potential of the extracts against bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13420, invasive breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells CaCo-2. The extracts profiling using LC-MS/MS method indicates probable influence among different fermentation media to selectively induce production of target bioactive compounds. Although further compounds dereplication and fractionation are important for specific identification, the present study demonstrates the potential of Streptomyces BTA 1-131 as producer of tetracycline and/or staurosporine. In addition to that, further genome-mining approach and analysis using a whole genome sequencing data also important to comprehensively explore the bioactive potential of the actinobacteria BTA 1-131.
Nano-Perfumes As A Fragrance Carrier: Their Brief History, Essential Aspects, Development, Preparation Methods, Characteristics, And Future Perspectives
Authors: Gunawan Indra , Daryono Budi Setiadi , Noviana Eka , Sulaiman T N Saifullah
Published: October 2023

Nano-perfume is an alcohol-free perfume in the form of oil-in-water nanoemulsions containing fragrance. Due to its favorable properties, nano-perfume may appeal to a broader client base, including children and individuals with sensitive skin. This technology can provide an alternative solution to the low permanence of fragrances by eliminating ethanol and decreasing the amount of surfactant, co-surfactant, and solvents used in the formulation. However, relatively few researchers have studied and developed this technology to date. In this review, we examine several essential elements of nano-perfume, therefore it is hoped that relevant questions will be raised regarding the future of this technology. The discussion is focused on the definition and composition of perfume, the notion of "notes" in fragrances products, nanotechnology in the cosmetics industry, significant characteristics of nano-perfume, as well as problems and prospects.
The Effects of Duration of Fermentation on Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Isoflavones of The Germinated Jack Bean Tempeh (Canavalia Ensiformis)
Authors: Tsalissavrina Iva , Murdiati Agnes , Raharjo Sri , Lestari Lily Arsanti
Published: October 2023

The daily consumption pattern of people in Indonesia is very close to the consumption of side dishes derived from legumes, especially those consumed in the form of tempeh food products. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, antioxidant activity and isoflavone content of germinated jackbean tempeh with a fermentation duration of 0–5 days. Isoflavone extract was obtained by the extraction method using 70% alcohol. The total content of phenolic compounds was measured by the method of Folin ciocalteau, antioxidant activity was measured with DPPH and isoflavone content was determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).  The total content of phenolic compounds (TPC), antioxidant activity and isoflavone was analyzed using the ANOVA assay and differences between treatments compared to the Smallest Real Difference test with a meaningfulness level of 5%. The total phenolic compound content and the highest antioxidant activity during the tempeh fermentation process were obtained on the 5th day fermentation period of 10.70±0.31 (mg. GAE/g) for total phenolic and 457.04±151.91(%) for IC50 values with intergroup test results showed significant differences. The highest isoflavone deposits were also obtained at day 5 tempeh fermentation duration for all isoflavones i.e. daidzein, glycitein, genistein and factor-2 and there were significant differences between treatment groups.   The isoflavone content was 4.6341±1.7431 mg/kg for daidzein, 5.4483±2.2936 mg/kg for glycitein, 0.9236±0.3288 mg/kg for genistein and 0.458±0.209 for factor-2.   This study shows that the germination and fermentation process of tempeh causes changes in the content of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity as well as increasing and influencing the isoflavone profile.
Development of Questionnaire on Willingness-to-Pay for Health Insurance Cost-Sharing for Catastrophic Prescription Drugs
Authors: Nugraheni Diesty Anita , Satibi Satibi , Kristina Susi Ari , Puspandari Diah Ayu
Published: October 2023

Prescription drug cost-sharing in Indonesia remains challenging because no valid willingness-to-pay (WTP) questionnaire for this cost-sharing is available. The aim of this study was to conduct item selection and evaluate the content validity of the questionnaire on the WTP for prescription drug cost-sharing under the national health insurance scheme in patients with catastrophic illnesses. The method was a cross-sectional study and used a three-step design, namely literature review, consultation with some health economics experts, and evaluation of content validity. This study involved 9 experts, consisting of academicians and health professionals who worked in a hospital, to perform content validation of a questionnaire on the WTP for prescription drug cost-sharing. This study used CVI (content validity index) and CVR (content validity ratio) for both individual item measurement and the overall scale. This study's results reveal a questionnaire comprising 47 items grouped into five domains: healthcare utilization information, participation in health insurance information, drug information, and cost-sharing scenarios. The questionnaire items were extracted from many sources. The items that could be used for the study should have an I-CVI of 0.79-1.00. There were three items removed because of criticisms from the experts and Item-CVI<0.79 and CVR<0.62. Those with Item-CVI>0.79 were revised. The overall scale of the questionnaire was excellent with an S-CVI/Ave of 0.94. We conclude that the questionnaire on the willingness-to-pay for prescription drug cost-sharing was developed and validated through expert consultation, item selection, and CVI. The questionnaire reviewed in this study had good content validity. As a follow-up, a new 42-item questionnaire was developed.
Nephroprotective effect of milkfish, patin, and snakehead fish oil by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetic rats
Authors: Sasongko Heru , Endro Nugroho Agung , Nurrochmad Arief , Rohman Abdul
Published: October 2023

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has been linked to a number of long-term problems caused by diabetes mellitus. Inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways contribute to DN development and progression. Many studies have shown the preventive advantages of diets rich in substances like anti-inflammatory and antioxidant elements like omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) in preventing DN. Milkfish (Chanos chanos F.), patin (Pangasius micronema Blkr.), and snakehead fish (Chana striata Bloch) are types of fish oils that are known to contain n-3 FA. This study aims to prove the nephroprotective effect of the three types of fish oil in a rat model of diabetes mellitus. Thirty male rats were used in this study. The animals were randomly divided into six groups (n = 5): the non-diabetic group, the diabetes mellitus group, the diabetic with 150 mg/kg metformin orally group, the diabetic with 1000 mg/kg milkfish oil orally group, the diabetic with 1000 mg/kg patin fish oil orally group, and the diabetic with 1000 mg/kg snakehead fish oil orally group. Diabetes models were induced using 65 mg/kg streptozotocin and 230 mg/kg nicotinamide intraperitoneally. The test was carried out for 8 weeks, followed by the observation of the biochemical profiles of blood, urine, oxidative stress, and the immunohistochemistry of the kidneys. A normally and homogeneously distributed test followed by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the LSD post hoc test were used to look at the data. At p≤0.05, the data was considered statistically significant. The results showed that serum creatinine levels did not differ significantly after the administration of milkfish, catfish, and snakehead fish oil for 8 weeks (p≥0.05). Different results were shown where the levels of serum BUN, uric acid, urine urea, and microalbumin urine were significantly different after administration of the three types of fish oil (p≤0.05). The same results were shown in oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and malondialdehyde) and inflammation (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α) profiles (p≤0.05). The conclusion is that milkfish, patin, and snakehead fish oils have moderate nephroprotection by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress.
Empirical studies assessing the perceptions and knowledge of medicine in Mongolia: A Nationwide Population-based study
Authors: Lkhagvasuren Dulmaa , Bayarbat Uranbileg , Khongorzul Ganbat , Tsetsgee Purevjav , Aslam Muhammad Shahzad
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Purpose

The availability and affordability of medicine is an essential issue in any population globally, and drug regulatory agencies need the information to prevent an unforeseen matter and take necessary decisions by relevant agencies so that medicine will be available at an affordable price. Moreover, it is also essential to assess the consumer perception of patterns and knowledge about medicine use, subject to perception bias and belief bias. The current study examines consumers’ perceptions of medicine availability, medicine spending, affordability of medicine, patterns and knowledge of medication use.

Design/methodology/approach

A nationwide cross-sectional study was performed in Mongolia. The survey consists of nineteen closed-ended questionnaire items. The manuscript has presented according to The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines on the cross-sectional study.

Findings

A total of seven thousand five hundred and thirty-two (n=7532) had participated in the study. 46.3% of the study population consider the quality during buying of medicine. The average spending of medicine per month in Mongolia is 4.00 USD-17.00 USD/= per month. A large percentage of the population (47.8%) has skipped buying prescription drugs due to affordability issues. 47.4% of the population believe that the price of the drug sold in the market is expensive. A surprisingly 56% of study population indicate that the pharmacy does not have enough type and stock of drug. The study population (40.4%) does not have enough awareness about falsified medicine, and 30.4% cannot buy discounted medicine covered by the health insurance fund. A considerable percentage of the population (74.2%) take medicine according to doctor instructions and is firmly in favour of the government to regulate the drug prices (79.9%).

Originality/value

The current study showed consumers’ perception, pattern, knowledge and affordability about medicines. The results indicate a lack of education by the healthcare providers on falsified medicine, the financial burden of medicine on the population, and the unavailability of different medicine stock.
Impact of Dapagliflozin as add-on therapy on glycemic status and quality of life in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Najim Hadeel Delman , Mohammed Mahmood Mohammed  , Abbas Mahdi Rahmah
Published: October 2023

Evaluate the efficacy of dapagliflozin on glycaemic and non-glycaemic indices and assess quality of life in type 2 diabetes patients (T2DM) with inadequate glycaemic control on three oral antidiabetic agents (OADs). Patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes [Haemoglobin A1c 7.0%-12.0%] on sulfonylurea, metformin and gliptin were selected to receive dapagliflozin 5mg/day for 16 weeks (n=40). Fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin A1c, body weight, and waist circumference were measured. Assessment of patients’ quality of life was performed using Quality of Life Scale for Iraqi Diabetic patients (QOLSID) at baseline and after administration of dapagliflozin. Dapagliflozin showed high significant reduction in fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI) and index of central obesity (ICO) (p<0.001). High significant changes in the QOLSID score after treatment (p<0.001). High BMI is negative predictor for patients’ quality of life. Dapagliflozin improved both glycaemic and non-glycaemic parameters in T2DM patients who already on three OADs. This is promising results in short period makes the treatment a suitable alternative to insulin specially in patients not prefer to use injected medication. Dapagliflozin showed an improvement in the patients’ physical and psychological condition and consequently overall QOL.
Nephroprotective effect of ethanol extract Abelmoschus manihot l. Leaves in gentamicin-induced mice
Authors: Dwi Sandhiutami Ni Made , Nurefrialia Nisa Rila , Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani Bantari
Published: October 2023

Nephrotoxicity is the most common side effect of gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic group. It was mediated by oxidative stress mechanisms. Abelmoschus manihot L. leaves (AML) have antioxidant activity flavonoids. This study aims to determine the nephroprotective effect of AML in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity using mice models. It conducted an experimental design study in a pharmacology laboratory using mice models. It was conducted experimentally in 7 groups. There are normal, solvent, negative control, and four test groups (given an ethanolic extract of AML at doses of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kgBW) which were administered orally for 7 days. Gentamicin 112 mg/kgBW was induced intraperitoneally on the 8th day. All mice were anesthetized on the 11th day to collect blood serum and renal organs for further examination. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 for One Way ANOVA test and followed by Duncan's post-hoc analysis test. The difference is considered significant if the p-value <0.05. Gentamicin successfully induced renal damage based on increasing creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. This was by histopathology analysis which showed renal necrosis in the negative control group. Ethanolic extract of AML prevents nephrotoxicity due to gentamicin in a dose-dependent manner in creatinine level but not in BUN and histopathology. However, taken together all results showed that ethanol extract of AML has a nephroprotective effect in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity.

Keywords: Abelmoschus manihot L., gentamicin, nephroprotection, renal histopathology
Dialect Writing in Liu Renqian’s Vernacular Novels
Authors: Zhu Yan
Published: October 2023

In terms of vernacular novels, it is impossible to read the divine reason and flavor of life in the dry language, and some life contents can only be expressed through dialect. It should be seen that dialect is the main form of language narration in Fragrant River. Dialect in Liu Renqian’s writing no longer exists as a rhetoric, but has the status and significance of organic ontology. Dialect writing is not only a local expression of vernacular daily life, but also a way of Liu Renqian’s characterization, as well as one of the ways of constructing the narrative and plot of the work. The large number of Xinghua dialects in Liu Renqian’s novels prepares the atmosphere for the content of the stories, and at the same time, it also gives the characters an innate local flavor and fireworks, which well reflects the novelist’s vision of making a biography of his hometown and passing on the cultural characteristics of Wang’s novels. This kind of dialect writing is to keep a literary archive for the local culture, and at the same time, it is to sing an endless elegy for this dying culture.
Research on the Achievements, Experience and Innovation Path of China’s Green Sharing Economy in the New Era
Authors: Wang Junwei , Lan Tian
Published: October 2023

The Green Sharing Economy represents a novel economic paradigm emergent under the auspices of global technological revolutions and industrial transformation. This paradigm facilitates optimal resource allocation, establishing precise alignments between “demand pools” and “supply pools.” It concurrently enhances ecological environments, creating a harmonious interplay between lush landscapes and prosperous economies, while expanding employment opportunities, and fostering synergistic developments in mass entrepreneurship and innovation. Within the framework of the New Era, China’s Green Sharing Economy has experienced rapid ascension. This growth fundamentally stems from the continuous refinement of top-level designs by the Chinese government, guiding high-quality development in the Green Sharing Economy. Initiatives include the advancement of administrative streamlining and decentralization, creating a conducive business environment; the acceleration of information technology development, eliminating connectivity barriers; and significant investment in digital talent cultivation, providing the necessary human capital foundation. At this historical juncture, it is imperative to expedite the construction of a trust system for the Green Sharing Economy, continuously optimize its platform technology, constantly improve its regulatory framework, and actively expand its global market presence.
Калмыцкая знать в начале ХХ в.: нойон Церен-Давид Цанджинович Тундутов
Authors: Komandzhaev Alexandr N. , Ochirov Baatr V. , Bovaev Nikolay B.
Published: October 2023

Introduction. The article focuses on the figure of Noyon (Prince) Tseren-David Tundutov, a most renowned Kalmyk nobleman whose multifaceted efforts were derived from the dramatic social upheavals and disturbances of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The topic still remains understudied since earlier works contained only insufficient data which made it virtually impossible to describe his personality in greater detail. Furthermore, the bulk of the former were published in the Soviet era, and the evaluations of Kalmyk noblemen’s endeavors are definitely to be revised. Goals. So, the paper aims to — wherever possible — extensively outline sociopolitical, economic, and household aspects of Noyon Ts.-D. Tundutov’s life. Materials and methods. The study basically employs both general scientific and special historical methods, with particular roles to be played by that of systems analysis and the principle of historicism that have proved instrumental in examining Noyon Ts.-D. Tundutov’s deeds contextually. The principle of objectivity has been secured by specially selected and compared sources of diverse origin, including some newly introduced material pertaining to records management. Results. Noyon Ts.-D. Tundutov was taking a most active part in solving social and political issues that arose from facts of the early twentieth-century Kalmyk life, namely: land and nationality questions, religious problems, economic affairs, and his endeavors as a deputy of the Imperial Duma. Special attention should be paid to the complete data on the Noyon’s real and personal property uniquely published herein. Conclusions. Despite the 1892 Reform had virtually deprived him of any subject commoners he succeeded in gaining opportunities for a successful development of his gardens and farms reported to have became diversified enough. In social and political life, he did achieve a status of somewhat ethnos-wide leader capable of demonstrating personal qualities required by the community in the early twentieth century.
CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO (TEACHING) AMERICAN LITERATURE
Authors: Kocić Stanković Ana , Mitić Marko
Published: October 2023

The paper aims to present some of the most important critical approaches to American literature in recent period and their potential application in the classroom. The first part briefly discusses some of the most important and influential twentieth and twenty-first century theoretical frameworks in the study of American literature, including New Criticism, Postcolonial Theory, Race, Ethnic and Minority Studies, Feminist Criticism. The second part of the paper is dedicated to the specific genres and forms of American literature, e.g., short story, drama, poetry and their treatment in theoretical literature. In the case of the short story, attention is dedicated to recent scholarly approaches to the form that try to re-examine traditional essential definitions by inspecting the short story in its historical and cultural context. The paper also outlines the treatment of American short story writers and their contribution to the development of the genre in theoretical literature.
CONNECTIONS BETWEEN NORTHROP FRYE AND ROBERT GRAVES
Authors: Cvetković Tanja
Published: October 2023

Though any written trace of direct communication between Canadian theoretician Northrop Frye and British poet and novelist Robert Graves cannot be found, Frye often referred to the prolific British author in his reviews especially when weighing in Graves’ contribution to the mythopoetic school of criticism. In Frye’s opinion, Graves’s contribution is not in creating a “systematic mythology” but in depicting “mythical use of poetic language, where we invent our own myths and apply them to an indefinite number of human themes” (Gill 2010, lvi).  Graves does not lead us to the objective systematic mythology since the myth in his poetry does not seem to be part of an objective system but a kaleidoscopic chaos of human fragments. It is the combination of mythical fragments that create the meaning of the poem after all while the central path to the author’s mind is found through broken images. In that sense the paper shows how the absence of direct correspondence between two authors gives way to the presence of relations between their works which is mainly reflected through the way they applied the myth of the Goddess in their works.
Efficient Design of Majority-Logic-Based Approximate Arithmetic Circuits using Quantam-Dot Celluar Automata (QCA) Technique
Authors: Manogna Manchiryala , Kumar M. Shiva
Published: October 2023

Abstract: In this paper, we propose an approximate multiplier that is Approximate computing (AC) offers benefits by reducing the requirement for accuracy, thereby reducing delay. The majority logic (ML) gate functions as the fundamental logic block of many emerging nanotechnologies. These adders are designed to prevent the propagation of inexact carry-out signals to higher order computing parts to enhance accuracy. We implemented the proposed multiplier by using a unique partial product reduction (PPR) circuitry, which was based on the parallel approximate 6:3 compressor. The implemented by quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) are analyzed to evaluate the adder designs. A significant improvement is observed over previous designs based on the experimental results. The proposed design is further designed using kogge stone adder. Finally, It has added advantage that reduces logic size and facilitates with less power and delay. Here we are using Verilog HDL and Xilinx ISE14.8 software tools for simulation and synthesis purpose
Litigation Hampers a Country\'s Development - Study on National Highway Projects
Authors: Oza D K , Bhatt Rajiv
Published: October 2023

Abstract: Court proceedings and litigation are on the rise globally. The judiciary is having trouble keeping up with the daily rise in lawsuits. Litigation impedes the development of the nation. Both developed and developing nations have their unique systems for conducting legal proceedings. The legal proceeding is intricate, time-consuming, and expensive. Each nation allocates a larger portion of its budget to infrastructure since it helps the nation's socioeconomic development. The study area is considered a national highway project of India. In this study, the eleven-year litigation data was collected from the Supreme Court of India, Gujarat High court, and Delhi High court for the National Highway Authority of India. The said data are compared with each other by a linear relationship. The finding indicates that in the various courts a significant number of unresolved cases are increasing daily. The study is valuable for displaying and quantifying the potential threat of litigation that could hamper a country's development. This study has the capacity to effectively address litigation in national highway project. This study has two limitations it has considered only national highway projects under NHAI and it focuses only on three court cases i.e. Supreme Court, Gujarat high court, and Delhi high court.
Korean speaking study using conversational generative AI(artificial intelligence) ChatGPT: Based on role-playing, from using Talk-to-ChatGPT to utilizing AIPRM-for-ChatGPT
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Han Song Hee
Published: October 2023

Objectives To provide an interesting and informative AI speaking training tool by developing a role-play-based practice method and generating prompts for Korean speaking training using ChatGPT, an interactive generative AI with real-time two-way voice speaking practice.
Methods I look at the criteria for selecting ‘role-playing’ as a suitable speaking activity for an AI, and for selecting ChatGPT as the interactive generative AI to perform the role-playing. ChatGPT suggests intuitive prompts that are easy to understand and easy for Korean teachers and Korean learners to use. It also suggests real-world examples and “3 ways to conduct speaking role-plays” to make it easy and comfortable to use anytime, anywhere.
Results I looked at the criteria for selecting one interactive generative AI to use as a speaking tool, the appropriate intuitive prompts for it, and three ways to role-play. I found that role-playing can be done on any topic, and that ChatGPT, with its basic function of “assigning role-plays,” is the best tool for speaking practice and is learner-centered. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the tool was demonstrated by learners using it in practice. I also suggested ways to use it in the classroom.
Conclusions In the information age, I saw the possibility of selecting and utilizing AI educational tools for real-time two-way voice Korean speaking practice. Through innovations in the field of Korean language education and suggestions for effective teaching methods, new possibilities and expectations for the convergence of technology and education were presented.
God-sphere in German mysticism of the Late Middle Ages
Authors:   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Reutin M. Yu.
Published: October 2023

The article deals with the phenomenon of mystical experiences inspired by pictorial images and literary texts within the framework of female mysticism in Germany at the end of the 13th — first half of the 14th centuries. The article consists of a preface and two parts. The preface briefly discusses the influence of local speech practices and particular image systems, developed and existing in everyday monastic life, on the content of ecstatic contemplations described by medieval charismatics. In part one, this influence is demonstrated through the example of one of the nocturnal ecstasies of Margaret Ebner, a nun of the Dominican convent of Maria-Medingen on the Danube (1330s-1340s). In part two, we consider the Beguine Mechthild of Magdeburg’s (last third of the 13th century) vision of God in the form of a sphere: it was by, inspired by the anonymous “Book of the XXIV Philosophers” (second half of the 12th century), very popular among German mystics and philosophers of the late Middle Ages. At the end of the article, the author raises the question of how the specificity and status of the literary and pictorial image, which had become a fact of mystical experience, was changing. At the same time, the new spiritual practice of self-determination, opposed by charismatics to traditional church piety, is briefly touched upon.