bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
R. Byron Bird: The integration of transport phenomena into chemical engineering
Authors: Armstrong Robert C.
Published: January 2014

This article, as is this issue of the AIChE Journal, is a tribute to R. Byron Bird, who has had a profound impact on the discipline of chemical engineering, playing a dominant role in the chemical engineering science paradigm shift that occurred around 1960. His textbook, Transport Phenomena, with Warren Stewart and Edwin Lightfoot, fundamentally changed the way chemical engineers are taught fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and mass transfer. By showing the interconnections among molecular, microscopic, and macroscopic treatments of these three transport processes, as well as the underlying similarities among the three transport processes, he has enabled chemical engineers to contribute to many new areas. In his research he has focused on polymeric fluids – their rheology and fluid mechanics – again spanning molecular to macroscopic problems. Bird is also known throughout the profession as a superb teacher and lecturer. He is gifted in languages and music, and he has a great love of the outdoors. In this article, I try to highlight some of Bird's history and accomplishments in these many areas. His influence is clear in the papers that follow. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 1219–1224, 2014
A comparison of facial expression properties in five hylobatid species
Authors: Scheider Linda , Liebal Katja , Oña Leonardo , Burrows Anne , Waller Bridget
Published: January 2014

Little is known about facial communication of lesser apes (family Hylobatidae) and how their facial expressions (and use of) relate to social organization. We investigated facial expressions (defined as combinations of facial movements) in social interactions of mated pairs in five different hylobatid species belonging to three different genera using a recently developed objective coding system, the Facial Action Coding System for hylobatid species (GibbonFACS). We described three important properties of their facial expressions and compared them between genera. First, we compared the rate of facial expressions, which was defined as the number of facial expressions per units of time. Second, we compared their repertoire size, defined as the number of different types of facial expressions used, independent of their frequency. Third, we compared the diversity of expression, defined as the repertoire weighted by the rate of use for each type of facial expression. We observed a higher rate and diversity of facial expression, but no larger repertoire, inSymphalangus(siamangs) compared toHylobatesandNomascusspecies. In line with previous research, these results suggest siamangs differ from other hylobatids in certain aspects of their social behavior. To investigate whether differences in facial expressions are linked to hylobatid socio‐ecology, we used a Phylogenetic General Least Square (PGLS) regression analysis to correlate those properties with two social factors: group‐size and level of monogamy. No relationship between the properties of facial expressions and these socio‐ecological factors was found. One explanation could be that facial expressions in hylobatid species are subject to phylogenetic inertia and do not differ sufficiently between species to reveal correlations with factors such as group size and monogamy level. Am. J. Primatol. 76:618–628, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Traumatic brain injury and young onset dementia: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Nordström Peter , Michaëlsson Karl , Gustafson Yngve , Nordström Anna
Published: January 2014

Objective

To investigate the association between traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and the risk of young onset dementia (YOD), that is, dementia before 65 years of age.

Methods

The study cohort comprised 811,622 Swedish men (mean age = 18 years) conscripted for military service between 1969 and 1986. TBIs, dementia, and covariates were extracted from national registers. Time‐dependent exposures using Cox proportional hazard regression models were evaluated.

Results

During a median follow‐up period of 33 years, there were 45,249 men with at least 1 TBI in the cohort. After adjustment for covariates, 1 mild TBI (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.5–2.0), at least 2 mild TBIs (HR = 2.5, 95% CI = 0.8–8.1), or 1 severe TBI (HR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.1–5.2) were not associated with Alzheimer dementia (AD). Other types of dementia were strongly associated with the risk of 1 mild TBI (HR = 3.8, 95% CI = 2.8–5.2), at least 2 mild TBIs (HR = 10.4, 95% CI = 6.3–17.2), and 1 severe TBI (HR = 11.4, 95% CI = 7.4–17.5) in age‐adjusted analysis. However, these associations were largely attenuated after adjustment for covariates (1 mild TBI: HR = 1.7; at least 2 mild TBIs: HR = 1.7; 1 severe TBI: HR = 2.6; p < 0.05 for all).

Interpretation

In the present study, we found strong associations between YOD of non‐AD forms and TBIs of different severity. These associations were, however, markedly attenuated after multivariate adjustment. Ann Neurol 2014;75:374–381
Understanding lignin biodegradation for the improved utilization of plant biomass in modern biorefineries
Authors: Camarero Susana , Martínez María Jesús , Martínez Angel T.
Published: January 2014

Wood‐rotting fungi are the sole organisms in nature able to degrade the lignin polymer making the polysaccharide components of lignocellulose fully accessible. This process has been investigated for decades as a model for biotechnological application in the pulp and paper industry, animal feeding, and ethanol production. In the current lignocellulose biorefinery concept, ligninolytic fungi and the oxidoreductases (laccases and peroxidases) secreted by these fungi constitute powerful biotechnological tools for the complete utilization of plant biomass. The evolution of molecular biology, which brings into play specifically designed biological systems and on‐demand enzymes, together with the technological advances in processing of plant biomass, smoothes the way for a sustainable conversion of renewable feedstocks to new added‐value products, with lower energy costs and less environmental impact. The present study reviews some of the main achievements attained by our group in the field of lignin biodegradation that have contributed to: (i) better understanding of the mechanisms by which fungi delignify the lignocellulosic materials; and (ii) assessing the applicability of these ligninolytic systems to increase the efficiency of some industrial processes and to develop new means for sustainable and environmentally sound production of chemicals, materials, and fuels. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Placental Transfer of Fc‐Containing Biopharmaceuticals across Species, an Industry Survey Analysis
Authors: Bowman Christopher J. , Breslin William J. , Connor Anu V. , Martin Pauline L. , Moffat Graeme J. , Sivaraman Lakshmi , Tornesi M. Belen , Chivers Simon
Published: January 2014

BACKGROUND

Understanding species differences in placental transfer of Fc‐containing biopharmaceuticals (particularly monoclonal antibodies) will improve human risk extrapolation from nonclinical embryo‐fetal development toxicity data.

METHODS

Maternal and fetal concentration data from 10, 15, 8, and 34 Fc‐containing biopharmaceuticals in the rabbit, rat, mouse, and cynomolgus monkey, respectively, from an industry survey were analyzed for trends in placental transfer.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

Embryonic (before the end of organogenesis) exposure was assessed in one molecule each in rabbit, rat, and mouse, but detectable levels were present only in rodents. In rodents, fetal levels remained relatively constant from gestation day (GD) 16 and 17 until the end of gestation, while maternal levels decreased or remained constant in rat and decreased in mice. In rabbits, following a last dose on GD 19, fetal levels increased markedly in late gestation while maternal levels decreased. In the cynomolgus monkey, fetal levels increased substantially from GD 50 to 100 and were maintained relatively constant through parturition (approximately GD 165). Based on available data of both the monkey and rabbit, IgG1 molecules appeared to transfer more readily than other isotypes in late gestation. Across all species, there was no differential transfer based on pharmacologic target being soluble or membrane bound. Within each species there was a correlation between maternal and fetal exposure, suggesting it may be possible to predict fetal exposures from maternal exposure data. These nonclinical data (both temporal and quantitative aspects) are discussed in a comparative context relative to our understanding of IgG placental transfer in humans.
ChemInform Abstract: A Triclinic Polymorph of Dicadmium Divanadate(V).
Authors: Saleck Ahmed Ould , Assani Abderrazzak , Saadi Mohamed , El Ammari Lahcen
Published: January 2014

Cd2V2O7 is obtained under hydrothermal conditions from CdO, NH4VO3, and ZnO in a molar ratio of Cd:V:Zn = 11:8:1 with Zn acting as a mineralizer (autoclave, 493 K, 4 d).
ChemInform Abstract: The Lithium Fluoride Tetrafluoroborate Li2F[BF4].
Authors: Pilz Thomas , Schleid Thomas , Jansen Martin
Published: January 2014

Colorless Li2F[BF4] is obtained by partial thermal decomposition of Li[BF4] (sealed silica ampoule, 573 K, 500 h).
ChemInform Abstract: The First Phosphates of Heptavalent Rhenium.
Authors: Islam Saiful M. , Glaum Robert , Pelka Axel , Daniels Joerg , Hoffbauer Wilfried
Published: January 2014

ReVIIO2(PO4) (I) and (ReVII2O5)Si2 [Si2O(PO4)6] (II) are obtained from the reaction of Re2O7 and P4O10 in sealed silica tubes (temperature gradient 400 → 300 °C, 2 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties of the Ordered Double Perovskite Sr2CoOsO6.
Authors: Paul Avijit Kumar , Reehuis Manfred , Felser Claudia , Abdala Paula M. , Jansen Martin
Published: January 2014

The new title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of SrO2, OsO2, and Co3O4 (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis with Gold Complexes Immobilized on Carbon Nanotubes by π—π Stacking Interactions: Heterogeneous Catalysis versus the Boomerang Effect.
Authors: Vriamont Charles , Devillers Michel , Riant Olivier , Hermans Sophie
Published: January 2014

A pyrene tagged gold catalyst is developed and tested for the cyclization of 1,6‐enynes (I), (III), and carbonates of type (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Cascade‐ and Orthoamide‐Type Overman Rearrangements of Allylic Vicinal Diols.
Authors: Nakayama Yasuaki , Sekiya Ruriko , Oishi Hiroki , Hama Naoto , Yamazaki Miki , Sato Takaaki , Chida Noritaka
Published: January 2014

Two novel types of Overman rearrangements from vicinal diols are developed by simply changing the reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Trisequential Photooxygenation Reaction: Application to the Synthesis of Carbasugars.
Authors: Baran Arif , Aydin Gokay , Savran Tahir , Sahin Ertan , Balci Metin
Published: January 2014

4,5‐Dimethylenecyclohex‐1‐ene (I) is subjected to a photooxygenation reaction to introduce complex oxygen functionalities.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Suzuki—Miyaura Reactions Using Chiral Mono‐ and Bidentate Phosphorus Ligands.
Authors: Balanta Castillo Angelica , Perandones Bernabe F. , Zangrando Ennio , Gladiali Serafino , Godard Cyril , Claver Carmen
Published: January 2014

A series of monodentate and bidentate chiral phosphorus based ligands including carbohydrate‐derived diphosphites are tested in the asymmetric Suzuki coupling of aryl halides with 1‐naphthylboronic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aminocyclobutanes by Iron‐Catalyzed [2 + 2] Cycloaddition.
Authors: de Nanteuil Florian , Waser Jerome
Published: January 2014

This is the first Lewis acid catalyzed [2 + 2] cycloaddition for the synthesis of β‐amino acid cyclobutane derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Pyridylsulfinamides as Effective Catalysts in the Asymmetric Alkylation of Aldehydes with Diethylzinc.
Authors: Prasad Kavirayani R. , Revu Omkar
Published: January 2014

The enantioselective alkylation of aldehydes with diethylzinc is achieved in the presence of a chiral sulfinamide as optimal catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Regioselective Oxo‐Acyloxylation of Alkenes with Aromatic Aldehydes: A High Yield Synthesis of α‐Acyloxy Ketones and Esters.
Authors: Reddi Rambabu N. , Malekar Pushpa V. , Sudalai Arumugam
Published: January 2014

A novel organocatalytic process for the facile synthesis of α‐acyloxycarbonyl derivatives via an oxo‐acyloxylation of alkenes with aromatic aldehydes is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical, Pharmacological, and in vitro Metabolic Stability Studies on Enantiomerically Pure RC‐33 Compounds: Promising Neuroprotective Agents Acting as σ1 Receptor Agonists.
Authors: Collina Simona , et al. et al.
Published: January 2014

Both RC‐33 enantiomers (III) show similar affinities for the σ1 receptor, but the (R)‐RC‐33 exhibits higher in vitro hepatic metabolic stability in the presence of NADPH.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Direct Aldol Reactions Catalyzed by Chiral Amine Macrocycle—Metal(II) Complexes under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Tanaka Koichi , Asakura Azusa , Muraoka Toshihide , Kalicki Przemyslaw , Urbanczyk‐Lipkowska Zofia
Published: January 2014

The anti‐aldol products are obtained with high enantioselectivity in comparison to the same reaction in the solution or in neat with traditional magnetic stirring.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of the Tricyclic A—B—C Core of the Veratrum Alkaloids.
Authors: Taber Douglas F. , Berry James F.
Published: January 2014

Acid‐catalyzed Robinson annulation of ketone (I) obtained in three steps from 2‐iodocyclohexenone gives the bicyclic enone (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Grob‐Type Fragmentation of 5‐Oxabicyclo[2.1.1]hexane System: A Strategy for Synthesis of Annulated and 2,2,5‐Trisubstituted Tetrahydrofurans.
Authors: Mahadevegowda Surendra H. , Khan Faiz Ahmed
Published: January 2014

A stereoselective Grob‐fragmentation of 5‐oxabiocyclo[2.1.1]hexane derivatives is developed allowing the synthesis of annulated 2,2,5‐trisubstituted tetrahydrofurans.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogenized Tungsten Complex: An Efficient and High Yielding Catalyst for the Synthesis of Structurally Diverse Tetra Substituted Pyrrole Derivatives via Four‐Component Assembly.
Authors: Atar Amol B. , Jeong Yeon Tae
Published: January 2014

A simple one‐pot protocol for the cyclocondensation of aldehydes, α‐methylene ketones, amines, and nitroalkanes allows the synthesis of tetrasubstituted pyrroles.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of 2‐Mercapto‐oxazoles via β‐Ketoazide and Its Application to a Key Intermediate of PI3Kγ Inhibitors.
Authors: Oka Yusuke , Yabuuchi Tetsuya , Sekiguchi Yoshinori
Published: January 2014

A modified synthesis of 2‐mercaptooxazoles (III) via an iminophosphorane‐mediated reaction and its application to the multi‐gram preparation of compound (IIIi), a key intermediate for PI3Kγ inhibitors, is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu‐Catalyzed Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions of (Benzo)thiazoles with Cyclic Ethers.
Authors: Xie Zengyang , Cai Yuping , Hu Hongwen , Lin Chen , Jiang Juli , Chen Zhaoxu , Wang Leyong , Pan Yi
Published: January 2014

The novel mild method allows the formation of new C‐C bonds between thiazoles and cyclic ethers.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Substituted Dihydropyranopyrazolones.
Authors: Zhang Han‐Ming , Lv Hui , Ye Song
Published: January 2014

Title compounds (III) and (V) are synthesized via NHC‐catalyzed enantioselective [4 + 2] annulation of α‐chloroaldehydes (II) and pyrazolone‐derived oxodienes (I) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Kinetics of the Cyclization of 3‐(Dialkylaminophenyl)‐2‐(phenylcarbonyl)‐prop‐2‐enenitriles.
Authors: Platonova A. Yu. , Glukhareva T. V. , Zimovets O. A. , El'tsov O. S. , Morzherin Yu. Yu.
Published: January 2014

Reaction of o‐pyridazinobenzaldehydes (I) with benzoylacetone affords fused tetrahydroquinoline derivatives (IV) in a diastereoselective fashion via intermediate propenenitriles (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Conversion of ortho‐Alkynyl Benzaldehydes into Indolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines.
Authors: Kraus George A. , Beasley Jonathan
Published: January 2014

Treatment of alkynylbenzaldehydes with aniline ylide (II) results in the formation of indole intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I) Iodide‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines from 2‐Aminopyridines and Methyl Ketones.
Authors: Mohan Darapaneni Chandra , Donthiri Ramachandra Reddy , Rao Sadu Nageswara , Adimurthy Subbarayappa
Published: January 2014

The reaction proceeds through C—H activation with oxidative linkage of two C—N bonds under mild conditions and oxygen as a sole oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Oxidative Cyclization of Haloalkynes: Synthesis of 2‐Halo‐Substituted Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines, Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrazines and Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidines.
Authors: Gao Yang , Yin Meizhou , Wu Wanqing , Huang Huawen , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: January 2014

The products bearing a halogen can be further functionalized using known cross‐coupling procedures.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Aminoquinoline‐1,3,5‐triazine: Design, Synthesis, in vitro Antimalarial Activity and Docking Studies.
Authors: Bhat Hans Raj , Singh Udaya Pratap , Gahtori Prashant , Ghosh Surajit Kumar , Gogoi Kabita , Prakash Anil , Singh Ramendra K.
Published: January 2014

The synthesized compounds show considerable activity against chloroquine sensitive and chloroquine resistant strains of P.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Benzo[b]selenophenes.
Authors: Arsenyan P. , Paegle E. , Belyakov S.
Published: January 2014

Methods for the synthesis of 3‐cyano‐, 3‐tetrazolyl‐, and 3‐acylamino‐ benzoselenophene derivatives as well as a convenient method for the chlorination of benzoselenophenes at the selenium atom are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐(Organylmethylidene)bis(chloromethylidene)thiomorpholin‐4‐amines and ‐selenomorpholin‐4‐amines.
Authors: Martynov A. V. , Makhaeva N. A. , Amosova S. V.
Published: January 2014

synthesis and characterization by NMR and mass spectrometry
ChemInform Abstract: New Phenstatin—Fatty Acid Conjugates: Synthesis and Evaluation.
Authors: Chen Jinhui , Brown David P. , Wang Yi‐Jun , Chen Zhe‐Sheng
Published: January 2014

6 Phenstatin or isophenstatin‐containing esters of oleic, linoleic and stearic acid of type (VII) or (VIII) are prepared by a reaction sequence as outlined for (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: [HMIM][Br9]: A Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquid Based on a Polybromide Anion.
Authors: Haller Heike , Hog Michael , Scholz Franziska , Scherer Harald , Krossing Ingo , Riedel Sebastian
Published: January 2014

[hmim][Br9] is prepared by addition of Br2 to [hmim]Br in a molar ratio of 5:1 (‐40 °C, 72 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Customized Spin Waves. Structured Nanomagnets, in Which Spin Waves Propagate, Promise Multiple Applications
Authors: Demokritov Sergej O. , Grundler Dirk
Published: January 2014

Review: 15 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Coordination Modes of Metals with Diaryl Sulfides and Its Derivatives. Mini Review
Authors: Moosun Salma , Laulloo Sabina Jhaumeer , Bhowon Minu Gupta
Published: January 2014

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Homogeneous Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Zou You‐Quan , Chen Jia‐Rong , Xiao Wen‐Jing
Published: January 2014

Review: 18 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Catalytic Enantioselective Reformatsky Reaction
Authors: Fernandez‐Ibanez M. Angeles , Macia Beatriz , Alonso Diego A. , Pastor Isidro M.
Published: January 2014

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxazolidinones as Chiral Auxiliaries in Asymmetric Aldol Reactions Applied to Total Synthesis
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Zadsirjan Vahideh
Published: January 2014

Review: 193 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transforming Lipid‐Based Oral Drug Delivery Systems into Solid Dosage Forms: An Overview of Solid Carriers, Physicochemical Properties, and Biopharmaceutical Performance
Authors: Tan Angel , Rao Shasha , Prestidge Clive A.
Published: January 2014

Review: 119 refs.
Synthesis of Acetonitrile from Ammonium Acetate in Sub‐ and Supercritical Water
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thu Hang , Aras Gökhan , Vogel G. Herbert
Published: January 2014

Acetonitril ist ein wichtiges Lösungsmittel und Zwischenprodukt der chemischen Industrie und fällt bisher als Nebenprodukt der Acrylnitrilsynthese an. Um eine industriell unabhängige, nachhaltige Herstellroute auf Basis von nachwachsenden Rohstoffen zu entwickeln, wurde im Rahmen dieser Arbeit ein direkter Syntheseweg, ausgehend von Essigsäure bzw. Ammoniumacetat in nah‐ und überkritischem Wasser, untersucht. Die Experimente erfolgten in einer Hochdruckanlage. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass Acetonitril nach einem Zweireaktorkonzept, ohne Zusatz eines Katalysators, mit nahezu quantitativer Ausbeute hergestellt werden kann.
Performance Evaluation of Light‐Weight Aggregates‐Based Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetlands for Domestic Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Meng Panpan , Pei Haiyan , Hu Wenrong , Shao Yuanyuan , Li Zheng
Published: January 2014

This study evaluated the performance of horizontal flow constructed wetlands for secondary domestic wastewater treatment, using lightweight aggregates (LWA) as upper substrate. The use of LWA allowed average removal rates of 31–44, 55–69, and 34–43% for total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand, and total nitrogen, respectively. No significant decline in removal efficiency was observed during the monitored period. After operation for 19 months, in total 4.19–4.61 kg/m2 of organic matter was accumulated and annual solids accumulation rates ranged from 5.3 to 6.0 kg dry matter/m2 per year. High porosity (46%) and specific surface area (11.89 m2/g) of LWA favored to a slight reduction (6.8–13.6% of initial value) of hydraulic conductivity in both systems. Overall, results showed that LWA can be used as candidate materials in engineered wetlands and has a potential of longer lifetime.
Adjuvant radiotherapy and lymph node dissection in pancreatic cancer treated with surgery and chemotherapy
Authors: Mellon Eric A. , Springett Gregory M. , Hoffe Sarah E. , Hodul Pamela , Malafa Mokenge P. , Meredith Kenneth L. , Fulp William J. , Zhao Xiuhua , Shridhar Ravi
Published: January 2014

BACKGROUND

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) and lymph node dissection (LND) on survival in patients with pancreatic cancer.

METHODS

The 2004 to 2008 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was analyzed to identify patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent surgery and received chemotherapy and to evaluate the correlation between overall survival (OS), PORT, and LND.

RESULTS

In total, 2966 patients were identified who underwent pancreatic resection (1842 PORT, 1124 no PORT). Median survival, 1‐year OS, and 3‐year OS were 21 months, 77%, and 28%, respectively, with PORT versus 20 months, 70%, and 25%, respectively, without PORT (P = .02). Subset analysis revealed that the benefit of PORT was limited to lymph node‐positive (N1) patients. Median survival, 1‐year OS, and 3‐year OS for patients with N1 disease were 19 months, 73%, and 25%, respectively, for those who received PORT versus 18 months, 67%, and 20%, respectively, for those who did not receive PORT (P < .01). An increasing lymph node count was associated with increased survival on multivariate analysis in all patients and in patients with N1 disease (both P < .001). Significant cutoff points for OS based on LND in patients with N1 disease were identified for those who had ≥8, ≥10, ≥12, ≥15, and ≥20 lymph nodes resected. Multivariate analysis for OS revealed that increasing age, T3 and T4 tumors, N1 stage, and moderately and poorly differentiated grade were prognostic for increased mortality, while female gender, PORT, and LND were prognostic for decreased mortality. In patients with N1 disease, other than patient age, all of these factors remained significant. In patients with N0 disease, only T1 and T2 tumor classification and having a tumor that was less than high grade were associated with survival benefit.

CONCLUSIONS

This SEER analysis demonstrated an associated survival benefit of PORT and LND in patients with N1, surgically resected pancreatic cancer who received chemotherapy. Cancer 2014;120:1171–1177. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Synergistic effect of smoking with genetic variants in the AMPKα1 gene on the risk of coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ma Xiaowei , Zhang Jianwei , Deng Ruifen , Ding Shan , Gu Nan , Guo Xiaohui
Published: January 2014

Background

Increasing evidence suggests that adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a critical physiological role in the cardiovascular system. The objective of this study was to assess the possible correlation between the genetic variability of the AMPKα1 (PRKAA1) gene and the risk of cardiovascular disease, as well as the interactive effects of the genetic variations and environmental factors, on the risk in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Five haplotype‐tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the AMPKα1 locus and 404 unrelated Chinese Han subjects with type 2 diabetes were studied; 260 individuals with coronary artery disease and 144 non‐coronary artery disease controls were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism assay.

Results

Minor allele C at rs3805489 was protective from coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetic subjects compared with allele A (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.48–0.92, p = 0.015). There was no significant correlation between the genotypes at five SNPs and the risk of coronary artery disease. In addition, a significant interaction was identified between smoking status and rs3805489 (p = 0.018 for interaction). The smokers with genotype AA at the SNP had a three‐fold higher risk of coronary artery disease compared with non‐smokers with genotypes AC or CC (OR′ 3.02, 95% CI′ 1.39–6.57, p′ = 0.005, after adjustment for other known coronary artery disease risk factors).

Conclusions

The genetic variability at the AMPKα1 locus has synergetic effects with smoking to increase the risk of coronary artery disease in the Chinese Han population with type 2 diabetes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Severe retinopathy following radiation therapy with a moderate dose for orbital mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma
Authors: Hata Masaharu , Kaneko Akihiro , Tomita Naoto , Inoue Tomio
Published: January 2014

Mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a radiosensitive malignancy. We report on a case of severe retinopathy following radiation therapy with a moderate dose for orbital MALT lymphoma. A 69‐year‐old woman with orbital MALT lymphoma received definitive radiation therapy with a total dose of 36 Gy in 18 fractions. The patient showed complete response but had severe retinopathy along with marked deterioration in visual acuity at 2 years after irradiation. Although the patient underwent treatments for retinopathy, including laser photocoagulation and steroid injection, improvement of the visual acuity was modest. This case developed severe radiation‐induced retinopathy after radiation therapy with the moderate dose of 36 Gy that is considered to be usually safe. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of a Combined Nontreponemal (VDRL) and Treponemal Immunoblot to Traditional Nontreponemal and Treponemal Assays
Authors: Franken Alicia A. , Oliver Joyce H. , Litwin Christine M.
Published: January 2014

Background

Serology is the mainstay for the diagnosis and management of patients with syphilis. Newer technologies such as immunoblotting are now available for the diagnosis of syphilis.

Methods

A commercial IgM/IgG immunoblot assay that detects both nontreponemal (VDRL‐Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) and treponemal antibodies was compared with standard nontreponemal and treponemal assays. The immunoblot and T. pallidum particle agglutination assay (TP‐PA) were performed on 198 samples. Ninety‐seven samples were Rapid plasma reagin (RPR)‐positive and one hundred one were RPR‐negative. Positive RPR samples were titered by VDRL.

Results

The agreement, sensitivity, and specificity of the IgM/IgG VDRL results of the immunoblot compared to RPR were 74.2% (95% CI: 67.2–80.2), 77.3% (95% CI: 70.2–83.4), and 71.3% (95% CI: 64.4–77.1), respectively. The agreement, sensitivity, and specificity of the IgM/IgG treponemal immunoblot compared to TP‐PA were 100% for all parameters, if the ten equivocal results were not used in the calculation.

Conclusion

The treponemal portion of the ViraBlot IgM/IgG immunoblot compared well with the treponemal confirmation assay and could be a useful supplemental method to fluorescent treponemal antibody or TP‐PA for the confirmation of syphilis. The addition of the detection of nontreponemal antibodies to the immunoblot assay, however, may not be of added benefit to the overall assay, due to decreased sensitivity and specificity compared to standard assays.
Individual SERS substrate with core–satellite structure decorated in shrinkable hydrogel template for pesticide detection
Authors: Wu Yiping , Li Pan , Yang Liangbao , Liu Jinhuai
Published: January 2014

Individual Au@PNIPAM/Ag composite has been designed and fabricated as surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate in this paper. Because of the high porosity of the polymer shell and the driving force of the Au core to Ag+(H2O)n (n = 1–4) in aqueous solution, chemical reactions can be carried out while aggregation is completely avoided. Also, this makes the formation of vast and monodisperse Ag nanoparticles within PNIPAM and increases the colloidal stability. The Au cores with different sizes and the vast Ag nanoparticles then form core–satellite structures that can generate plasmon resonance. Moreover, this kind of individual Au@PNIPAM/Ag composite can be seen directly through Raman optical microscope, and uncertain effects on SERS signals resulting from variability of the configurations are minimized because these individual composite particles are relatively uniform. Importantly, the gaps between the Au and Ag nanoparticles can decrease because the PNIPAM shrinks from swollen to collapse state, so the substrate can also be used for inspecting pesticide residues accurately and rapidly. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immunogenicity of a 2009 pandemic influenza virus A H1N1 vaccine, administered simultaneously with the seasonal influenza vaccine, in children receiving chemotherapy
Authors: Ottóffy Gábor , Horváth Petra , Muth Lajos , Sólyom Alexander , Garami Miklós , Kovács Gábor , Nyári Tibor , Molnár Dénes , Pauler Gábor , Jankovics István
Published: January 2014

Background

No examination of simultaneous vaccination against pandemic H1N1 and the seasonal influenza virus strains, in children with cancer receiving chemotherapy, are yet published. We investigated the immunogenicity of a whole‐virion, inactivated, adjuvanted pandemic H1N1, and seasonal influenza vaccines administered simultaneously to children with cancer undergoing chemotherapy.

Procedure

We prospectively enrolled 27 pediatric patients receiving therapy for various types of cancer. All received influenza vaccination once in a seasonal risk period. We checked hemaglutination‐inhibition (HAI) antibody titers in the sera of patients before, and 21–28 days after vaccination. Seroprotective titer was defined as an antibody titer ≥40, and seroresponse as ≥4‐fold increase in antibody titers after vaccination.

Results

The pre‐ and post‐vaccination seroprotective rates were H1N1: 33–48%, H3N2: 56–78%, B: 0–15% for seasonal influenza, and for pandemic H1N1: 15–37%. The seroresponse rates for seasonal influenza H1N1, H3N2, and B were 22%, 37%, and 22%, respectively, and 30% for the pandemic H1N1 vaccine.

Conclusions

Whole‐virion, inactivated, adjuvanted vaccine for the pandemic H1N1 Influenza A virus and the seasonal influenza vaccines were found safe and partially immunogenic in children with cancer receiving chemotherapy. The only determinants of responsiveness were lymphocyte count and serum immunoglobulin‐G. Only influenza B vaccine elicited significant differences in differences in pre‐ and post‐vaccination seroprotective rates. The response to vaccination for pandemic H1N1 is as effective as other vaccines, however administration of a single vaccine during chemotherapy is more comfortable for pediatric cancer patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1013–1016. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mikrowelt im Lichtgriff
Authors: Alpmann Christina , Kruse Annika , Denz Cornelia
Published: January 2014

Optische Pinzetten manipulieren transparente Mikro‐ und Nanopartikel mit Laserlicht. Die beiden grundlegenden Kräfte, die dies bewirken, sind die Streukraft sowie die Gradientenkraft durch inhomogene Lichtfelder. Diese Kräfte formen optische Fallen, die Partikel zerstörungsfrei fangen und bewegen. Es gibt zahlreiche unterschiedliche Bauformen, die abhängig von der Aufgabenstellung eingesetzt werden. Besonders flexibel ist die holographisch optische Pinzette. Bei ihr werden die Fallen durch Hologramme auf einem Flüssigkristalldisplay computergesteuert. Das erlaubt Hunderte von verschiedenen Fallen in der Probe, die einzeln ansteuerbar sind. Derzeit wird an Pinzetten mit noch komplexeren Lichtfeldern geforscht. Die optische Mikromanipulation ermöglicht zahlreiche Anwendungen, zum Beispiel in der Untersuchung lebender Zellen oder in der Organisation von Materie auf der Nanoskala.
Proteomic mapping for legume nodule organogenesis
Authors: Ahsan Nagib , Stevenson Severin E.
Published: January 2014

While genetic screens have identified mutants of the model legume Lotus japonicus that can nodulate in the absence of rhizobia, the lack of a proteome map is a major hindrance to understanding the functional protein networks associated with this nodulation process. In this issue of Proteomics, Dam et al. (Proteomics 2014, 14, 230–240) developed 2D gel‐based reference maps of nodules and roots of Lotus and a spontaneous nodule formation mutant (snf1). Comparative proteomic analysis of roots and two developmental stages of nodules provide useful insights into tissue‐specific mechanisms underlying nodule organogenesis. Additionally, a comparison of interspecies nodule proteomes displays that overlapping and individual mechanisms are associated with legume nodulation.
Ancestral mutations as a tool for solubilizing proteins: The case of a hydrophobic phosphate‐binding protein
Authors: Gonzalez Daniel , Hiblot Julien , Darbinian Nune , Miller Jernelle C. , Gotthard Guillaume , Amini Shohreh , Chabriere Eric , Elias Mikael
Published: January 2014

Stable and soluble proteins are ideal candidates for functional and structural studies. Unfortunately, some proteins or enzymes can be difficult to isolate, being sometimes poorly expressed in heterologous systems, insoluble and/or unstable. Numerous methods have been developed to address these issues, from the screening of various expression systems to the modification of the target protein itself. Here we use a hydrophobic, aggregation‐prone, phosphate‐binding protein (HPBP) as a case study. We describe a simple and fast method that selectively uses ancestral mutations to generate a soluble, stable and functional variant of the target protein, here named sHPBP. This variant is highly expressed in Escherichia coli, is easily purified and its structure was solved at much higher resolution than its wild‐type progenitor (1.3 versus 1.9 Å, respectively).
Citizenship Education Goes Digital
Authors: Blevins Brooke , LeCompte Karon , Wells Sunny
Published: January 2014

After years of neglect, civics education is gaining the attention of educators, political scientists, and politicians in the United States. As recent national citizenship reports have suggested, the level of civic knowledge in the U.S. has remained unchanged or even declined over the past century ( NCES, 2011 ). New technological innovations are, however, providing promising hope for restoring civic education in the United States. This study explores the impact of one of these innovative technologies, iCivics.org, an online civics education gaming program. This study examined the impact of structured game engagement in 13 classrooms (grades 4, 5, 6, 8, 12) with over 250 children. To explore the effectiveness of this program on students’ civic knowledge, this article presents a three-dimensional analysis of the results, including both quantitative and qualitative data. Initial results of this study suggest that iCivics provides positive gains in students’ content knowledge. Moreover, findings highlight the important role teachers play in implementing iCivics and the need for more research on civics education through gaming formats.
Regionale Koordination in der Psychiatrie
Authors: Elgeti Hermann
Published: January 2014

Einleitung

Unsere seelische Gesundheit ist ein ebenso kostbares wie verletzliches Gut, sie steht in engen Wechselbeziehungen zu körperlichem Wohlbefinden und sozialer Lage. Psychische Erkrankungen sind häufig und vielgestaltig, neigen zur Chronifizierung und benötigen individuell passgenaue Hilfen. Das psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutische Hilfesystem ist weithin zersplittert und lückenhaft, seine wirksame regionale Koordination immer wieder gefordert und doch bisher nur hier und da in Ansätzen verwirklicht.
,,Verrückt? Na und!‘‘ - Ein Projekt von Irrsinnig Menschlich
Authors: Göller Norbert
Published: January 2014

Einleitung

Das Projekt „Verrückt? Na und!“ lädt junge Menschen ab 14 Jahre und ihre Lehrkräfte zum offenen Austausch über die großen und kleinen Fragen der seelischen Gesundheit ein. Das Projekt hilft, psychischen Krisen vorzubeugen und macht Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen Mut, aufeinander zuzugehen und offener miteinander zu reden – auch über schwierige und ernste Themen. Bis 2020 soll in fast jedem Kreis in Deutschland eine Regionalgruppe entstehen, die Projekt in Schulen und anderen Einrichtungen anbieten.
COPSOQ International Network: Co-operation for research and assessment of psychosocial factors at work
Authors: Nübling Matthias , Burr Hermann , Moncada Salvador , Kristensen Tage S.
Published: January 2014

COPSOQ is a comprehensive questionnaire on psychosocial factors at work which is internationally widely used since approx. 10 years for risk assessments in organisations. The International COPSOQ-Network was established in 2009 by scientific and empirical users of the COPSOQ. Main aim is the international scientific exchange concerning the use of COPSOQ. A second goal lies in the coordination of research and further development of the questionnaire (content and measurement qualities), to facilitate international comparison studies. Further information: www.copsoq-network.org
Traumatic Injury Patterns Associated With Static Line Parachuting
Authors: Ball Vincent L. , Sutton Jared A. , Hull Aicha , Sinnott Bridget A.
Published: January 2014

Objective

We investigated the incidence and injury patterns of acute parachuting injuries evaluated at a level II military facility during a 5-year period to compile medical information that may assist in improving the safety of parachuting.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of all parachuting injuries that presented to the Madigan Army Medical Center emergency department in Tacoma, Washington, during a 5-year period from February 2005 to June 2011.

Results

A total 110 patient charts met inclusion criteria. Lower extremity injuries made up 65% of total injuries, followed by 22% head injuries, 22% neck or back injuries, and 19% upper extremity injuries. One patient died in the emergency department of head injuries, and 1 patient was transferred for an open-book pelvic fracture. The most common phase of the jump in which to sustain injury was at landing. A total of 15 patients were admitted to the hospital. It is of note that some patients had combined injuries. The mechanism of injury documented in 96 of 110 (87%) patients and 10 of 15 (66%) admitted patients was a difficult landing.

Conclusions

The rate of injury for each area of the body is within previously reported rates, with lower extremity injuries making up the largest category and leading to the majority of admissions. The most common time to sustain an injury was during landing, which represented a majority of both emergency room visits and hospitalizations.
Social networks and labor market inequality between ethnicities and races
Authors: TOOMET OTT , VAN DER LEIJ MARCO , ROLFE MEREDITH
Published: January 2014

This paper analyzes the relationship between unexplained racial/ethnic wage differentials on the one hand and social network segregation, as measured by inbreeding homophily, on the other. Our analysis is based on both the US and Estonian surveys, supplemented with the Estonian telephone communication data. In the case of Estonia we consider the regional variation in economic performance of the Russian minority, and in the US case we consider the regional variation in black--white differentials. Our analysis finds a strong relationship between the size of the wage differential and network segregation: Regions with more segregated social networks exhibit larger unexplained wage gaps.
The Psychology of Social Undermining in Organisational Behaviour
Authors: Strongman Luke
Published: January 2014

The purpose of this article is to define ‘social undermining’ and to discuss its causes and effects within an organisational context. Central to social undermining is the effect of moral disengagement, which is the main precursor to the manifestation of social undermining in personal and professional behaviours. Possible causes and motivations for the social undermining of others and behavioural symptoms in its victims are examined. Reasons for why social undermining is important for organisations, employees, and the effect of it on workplace behaviours within organisations are then explored. Employee and organisational reputation are discussed in the context of social undermining as a workplace stressor and as existing on a continuum of supportive and/or derogative workplace behaviours.
Conflicting Nostalgia: PerformingThe Tale of Ch'unhyang(春香傳) in the Japanese Empire
Authors: Kwon Nayoung Aimee
Published: January 2014

In the Japanese empire in 1938, an imperial-language theatrical adaptation of a folktale from colonial Korea,The Tale of Spring Fragrance (Ch'unhyang chŏn)opened to rave reviews in major metropolitan cities throughout Japan. The performance's popularity ignited an encore run later the same year throughout colonial Korea. The play was commissioned by Murayama Tomoyoshi and his Shinkyō Theater Troupe in Japan. The script was penned in Japanese by Chang Hyǒkchu, a bilingual writer from the colony. This article examines a forgotten moment of colonial “collaboration” between Korea and Japan when the two countries’ literary histories converged in a widely publicized performance across the empire. By reading the tensions between parallel yet unbridgeable nostalgic desires between Japan and Korea, and measuring the gap between the consumption of the tale as trendy “colonial kitsch” and timeless “national tradition,” the performance can be read not as the embodiment of harmonious imperial assimilation as touted at the time, but as performing its anxieties and breakdown. This article further considers the significance of the failed collaboration and translation across colonial divides for postcolonial relations.
BBC Proms 2013: Diana Burrell, Harrison Birtwistle, Param Vir and Charlotte Seither
Authors: Conway Paul
Published: January 2014

As in previous Proms seasons, Cadogan Hall's 2013 chamber concerts series presented some of the most interesting repertoire. On 5 August, Tine Thing Helseth and her all-female brass ensemble tenThing gave the world premiere of a new piece by Diana Burrell. She has already written a substantial work for brass ensemble, Gold, dating from 2001 (which also requires 3 gongs and a piano), and her new BBC commission has a similarly punchy title capturing the bright and burnished qualities of its instrumentation – Blaze. Scored for three trumpets, flugelhorn, horn, three tenor trombones, bass trombone and tuba, this virtuosic, 10-minute showcase grabbed the audience's attention from the start with a striking, fanfare-like idea that recurred in extended form as unison chords during the closing bars, providing an incandescent coda. In a brief pre-performance talk, the composer spoke of the often-untapped technical capabilities of brass instruments, and her demanding piece successfully tapped into this potential, as she gave each performer a chance to shine within its teeming textures. In addition to these challenging solo episodes, the score was memorable for its inventive deployment of various combinations of instruments, denoting a genuinely chamber-oriented work. Blaze provided a strong focal point for a programme that otherwise consisted solely of arrangements, nearly all by guitarist Jarle Storløkken, of repertoire originally conceived for other forces, such as piano pieces by Grieg and excerpts from Carmen and The Threepenny Opera.
BBC Proms 2013: Helmut Lachenmann, John McCabe, Colin Matthews, Philip Glass, Naresh Sohal and Anthony Payne
Authors: Anderson Martin
Published: January 2014

This year's Proms prospectus was the sixth to bear Roger Wright's name at the bottom of the preface, and under his aegis the Proms have taken on a non-doctrinaire openness that have seen some refreshing programming choices, among them Langgaard's wonderfully weird Music of the Spheres in 2010 and his six-minute Eleventh Symphony (complete with four concertante tubas) in 2012; between them, in 2011, came the most important of all maverick works, Brian's Gothic Symphony, almost tailor-made for the Proms and, more importantly, one of music's masterpieces. In the 37 years of my experience of the Proms (I went to my first one in 1977, God help me) new music has followed a longer-term but essentially similar trend of what one might call disindoctrination, as composers have increasingly felt free to write what they wanted to write rather than what they were expected to write. In my early Promming days you expected to have to fight for your new music: most of it inhabited varying degrees of uncompromising modernism.
Salvatore Sciarrino The Killing Flower Music Theatre Wales, Buxton Opera House
Authors: Mottershead Tim
Published: January 2014

Sciarrino's two-act chamber opera Luci mie traditrici is based on the true story of Renaissance composer Carlo Gesualdo's brutal murder of his wife and her lover. Numerous composers in the last 50 years or so have been sufficiently fascinated by Gesualdo to write works based on his life or music, including seven operas appearing in the last two decades. Sciarrino based his libretto on a drama written only 50 years after Gesualdo's death by Giacinto Andrea Cicognini. This UK premiere conducted by Michael Rafferty was given at the Buxton Festival by Music Theatre Wales, translated into English by Paola Loreto (and set to the music by Kit Hesketh-Harvey) as The Killing Flower.
Harry Partch Delusion of the Fury musikFabrik; Ruhrtriennale 2013
Authors: Mörchen Raoul
Published: January 2014

Let us imagine we are approaching the shore of an unknown island, taking part in an expedition. With great surprise, we recognise that the island is inhabited. Strange-looking but seemingly friendly people step out of the woods; they wave to us and invite us to take part in a big celebration. A ritual is being performed in our honour with exotic music played on exotic instruments. The unfamiliar sounds accompany a narrative that we cannot fully grasp. Two men are fighting; the winner spares the life of the loser. Then, in Act Two, a woman enters the scene: she seems to have lost a goat from her herd, she argues with a guy who is deaf and cannot help her; all of a sudden there is a big party going on and everyone is cheering happily. We are left stunned by the mysterious performance, by its energy and physicality, by the impact of its sounds and rhythms.