bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated management of cryptococcal meningitis and concurrent opportunistic infections to improve outcomes in advanced HIV disease: a randomised strategy trial
Authors: Ellis Jayne , Nsangi Laura , Bangdiwala Ananta , Hale Gila , Gakuru Jane , Kagimu Enock , Mugabi Timothy , Kigozi Enos , Tukundane Asmus , Okirwoth Michael , Kandole Tadeo Kiiza , Cresswel Fiona , Harrison Thomas S. , Moore David , Fielding Katherine , Meya David , Boulware David , Jarvis Joseph N.
Published: January 2024

Background: Mortality associated with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis remains high even in the context of clinical trials (24–45% at 10 weeks); mortality at 12-months is up to 78% in resource limited settings. Co-prevalent tuberculosis (TB) is common and preventable, and likely contributes to poor patient outcomes. Innovative strategies to increase TB preventative therapy (TPT) provision and uptake within this high-risk group are needed.

Protocol: The IMPROVE trial is a nested open label, two arm, randomised controlled strategy trial to evaluate the safety (adverse events) and feasibility (adherence and tolerability) of two ultra-short course TPT strategies, in the context of recent diagnosis and treatment for cryptococcal meningitis. We will enrol 205 adults with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis from three hospitals in Uganda. Participants will be randomised to either inpatient initiation (early, week 2) or outpatient initiation (standard, week 6) of 1HP (one month of isoniazid and rifapentine). Participant follow-up is to include TB screening, pill counts and tolerability reviews on alternate weeks until week-18. The trial primary endpoint is TB-disease free 1HP treatment completion at 18-weeks, secondary endpoints: 1HP treatment completion, 1HP discontinuation, grade ≥3 adverse events and serious adverse events, drug-induced liver injury, incident active TB, 18-week survival; rifapentine, fluconazole and dolutegravir concentrations will be measured in a drug-drug interaction sub-study of 15 eligible participants.

Discussion: The IMPROVE trial will provide preliminary safety and feasibility data to inform 1HP TPT strategies for adults with advanced HIV disease and cryptococcal meningitis. The potential impact of demonstrating that inpatient initiation of 1HP TPT is safe and feasible amongst this high-risk subpopulation with advanced HIV disease, would be to expand the range of clinical encounters in which clinicians can feasibly provide 1HP, and therefore increase the reach of TPT as a preventative intervention.

ISRCTN registration: ISRCTN18437550 (05/11/2021)
The Role of Stakeholders in Practicing Intangible Cultural Heritage: The Example of the Koniaków Lace
Authors: Czerwińska Kinga
Published: January 2024

This article analyzes activities focused on cultural heritage resources, undertaken from a local position. The theoretical considerations refer to the example of the Koniaków lace. This handicraft, despite the changing reality, for more than 100 years has continuously been a manifestation of the region’s tradition. Local lace makers adapt their forms to new emerging needs. The educational or commercial activity concentrated around the lace makes this skill an important bonding element for the local community. The lively activity of dissemination and promotion of the Koniaków lace resulted in an entry to UNESCO’s National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2017. The Koniaków lace also became one of the elements representing the Silesian region at the 2022 EXPO in Dubai. These events are the result of cultural policies implemented at the level of the institution and the result of the activity of the local community, influencing and shaping the frequently emotional relationships within it. The purpose of this article is to present practices using Koniaków lace, which are related to such issues as cultural policy, heritage management, or community empowerment.
Głos buntu. O politycznym potencjale opowieści o Jakubie Szeli na przykładzie spektaklu Historia Jakubowa. Opowieść chłopska i babska
Authors: Bednarek Magdalena
Published: January 2024

Artykuł podejmuje refleksję na temat politycznego potencjału narracji o wiejskim doświadczeniu w kontekście współczesnych ruchów populistycznych na przykładzie widowiska Historia Jakubowa. Opowieść chłopska i babska Małgorzaty Litwinowicz, który miał premierę w 2020, równolegle z trwającymi Czarnymi Protestami. Analiza tego spektaklu pozwala postawić tezę, że dzięki afektywnemu oddziaływaniu opowieść o chłopskim oporze służy we współczesnej kulturze formowaniu nieliberalnej kategorii ludu jako podmiotu działań politycznych w tych projektach, które mają charakter przynajmniej w części audialny. Wybór głosu jako medium dla sztuki próbującej wyrazić ludowy gniew i jego siłę transformacyjną wobec porządku społecznego jest uzasadniony jego większą zdolnością do afektywnego oddziaływania – a przez to do budowania identyfikacji grupy, a następnie wspólnoty społecznej.
Radio – muzyka – polityka. Z Marią Baliszewską rozmawia Piotr Grochowski
Authors: Grochowski Piotr , Baliszewska Maria
Published: January 2024

MARIA BALISZEWSKA etnomuzykolożka i dziennikarka. Od roku 1973 roku pracuje w Polskim Radiu. Autorka wielu audycji o tematyce ludowej i nagrań polskiego folkloru muzycznego oraz nagrań studyjnych i festiwalowych. Założycielka i kierowniczka Radiowego Centrum Kultury Ludowej (1994-2007), koordynatorka Europejskiej Unii Radiowej ds. muzyki tradycyjnej i folkowej (1998-2009), jurorka festiwali i przeglądów muzyki tradycyjnej (m.in. Ogólnopolskiego Festiwalu Kapel i Śpiewaków Ludowych w Kazimierzu oraz Międzynarodowego Konkursu Kapel, Instrumentalistów i Śpiewaków Ludowych w Zakopanem). W 1998 roku z jej inicjatywy powstał Folkowy Festiwal Polskiego Radia „Nowa Tradycja”. Autorka wielu płyt z serii Muzyka Źródeł wydawanej przez Polskie Radio, a także innych albumów, m.in. Pod Tatrami, Polskie instrumenty ludowe, Welcome Europe. Członkini Związku Kompozytorów Polskich oraz Rady Naukowej Stowarzyszenia Twórców Ludowych. Uhonorowana m.in. Złotym Mikrofonem (1993), medalem Zygmunta Glogera (2003) ), nagrodą Ministra Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego (2007) oraz nagrodą im. Oskara Kolberga (2014).
Hyper-agency as the new norm of social recognition: notes on the neoliberal regime of recognition
Authors: Guéguen Haud
Published: January 2024

The aim of this article is to examine the normative effects of neoliberalism on the social processes of recognition, or what we might call the ‘neoliberal regime of recognition’. The hypothesis defended here is that this new regime of recognition tends to make the norm of the ‘hyper-agency’ of the ‘hyper-subject’ the ideal norm to which one must conform in order to be socially recognised. As a result, there is a tendency to misrecognise and instrumentalise the radical vulnerability that underpins human beings’ vital need for recognition.
Highly sensitive ammonia sensor based on a PMMA/PANI microwire structure
Authors: Cheng Cai-Hong , Han Bo , Cheng Liangliang , Zheng Weizong , Xia Feng , Zhao Yong , Zhang Ya-Nan
Published: January 2024

In this paper, a highly sensitive ammonia (NH3) sensor based on a polymethyl methacrylate/polyaniline (PMMA/PANI) microwire structure is designed and implemented. First, a micron-sized PMMA microwire was fabricated and connected with two tapered single-mode fibers to form a coupling structure; thus, the Mach–Zehnder (MZ) interference was successfully excited due to the good light conductivity of the PMMA. It was demonstrated that the coupling structure behaved with a high refractive index detection sensitivity of 3044 nm/RIU. To make it sensitive to NH3, the PANI was selected to mix with PMMA and then formed a micron-level PMMA/PANI fiber. The experimental results showed that the PMMA/PANI fiber can selectively sense NH3 with a high sensitivity of 65.3 pm/ppm. This proposed NH3 sensor not only solves the problem of sensitive film shedding, but also possesses the advantages of good integration, high sensitivity, good selectivity, and short response time.
Experimental recognition of vortex beams in oceanic turbulence combining the Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm and convolutional neural network
Authors: Fan Wen-Qi , Gao Feng-Lin , Xue Fu-Chan , Guo Jing-Jing , Xiao Ya , Gu Yong-Jian
Published: January 2024

In underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC), vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) can improve channel capacity but are vulnerable to oceanic turbulence (OT), leading to recognition errors. To mitigate this issue, we propose what we believe to be a novel method that combines the Gerchberg–Saxton (GS) algorithm-based recovery with convolutional neural network (CNN)-based recognition (GS-CNN). Our experimental results demonstrate that superposed Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beams with small topological charge are ideal information carriers, and the GS-CNN remains effective even when OT strength C
n
2 is high up to 10−11K2m−2/3. Furthermore, we use 16 kinds of LG beams to transmit a 256-grayscale digital image, giving rise to an increase in recognition accuracy from 0.75 to 0.93 and a decrease in bit error ratio from 3.98×10−2 to 6.52×10−3 compared to using the CNN alone.
Challenges in power scaling of Cr:LiCAF lasers: effect of passive losses
Authors: Erturk Zekican , Kilinc Muharrem , Okuyucu Serdar , Ozturk Yusuf , Demirbas Umit
Published: January 2024

In this work, we have investigated the continuous-wave (cw) lasing potential of thin slab-shaped Cr:LiCAF crystals with a low chromium doping level of around 1% and various lengths of 1 to 2 cm. These relatively long crystals with low Cr-doping facilitate the distribution of heat load in a larger volume and could enable power scaling of Cr:LiCAF lasers. However, long crystals tend to have larger passive losses, and it is also more challenging to achieve efficient mode-matching to the low-brightness pump mode in a longer gain element, which could hinder laser performance. To explore the issue, we have performed detailed cw lasing experiments in single- and multimode diode-pumped Cr:LiCAF laser systems employing crystals with different doping and length. Our results showed that current state-of-the-art crystal growth methods provide Cr:LiCAF crystals with low enough passive losses to enable cw laser efficiencies of up to 50%, even in these long samples. The pump powers available in this study (5.35 W) limited the cw powers we could achieve experimentally to 2.25 W level; however, our simulations indicate that thin slab-type Cr:LiCAF crystals with low Cr-doping have the potential to achieve cw powers above 10 W level.
Performance analysis of OSSK-UWOC systems considering pointing errors and channel estimation errors
Authors: Ding Guixuan , Du Xing , Du Hao , Wang Sheng , Feng Hui , Xu Guoning , Xiong Zhenyang , Jia Zhongzhen , Li Yongxiang
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we present the bit error rate (BER) performance of the underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) systems using the optical space shift keying (OSSK) on the gamma-gamma turbulent fading channel, which also considers pointing errors and channel estimation errors. Firstly, we develop the new expressions for the probability density function (PDF) based on the Gamma-Gamma distribution with error factors. Subsequently, we analyze the statistical characteristic of the difference in attenuation coefficients between two channels in the OSSK system, by which we provide analytical results for evaluating the average BER performance. The results show that the effective improvement of spectral efficiency (SE) and BER performance is achieved by rationally allocating the number of lasers and detectors in the system. The OSSK-UWOC system performs better when a narrow beam waist is used. Furthermore, the presence of channel estimation error brings the BER performance advantage to the system, and the system with a high channel estimation error (ρ = 0.7) shows a 4 dB improvement in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain compared to the system with a low channel estimation error (ρ = 0.95). The findings in this paper can be used for the UWOC system design.
Rapid ellipsometric imaging characterization of nanocomposite films with an artificial neural network
Authors: Kfoury Patrick , Battie Yann , Naciri Aotmane En , Voue Michel , Chaoui Nouari
Published: January 2024

Imaging ellipsometry is an optical characterization tool that is widely used to investigate the spatial variations of the opto-geometrical properties of thin films. As ellipsometry is an indirect method, an ellipsometric map analysis requires a modeling step. Classical methods such as the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm (LM) are generally too time consuming to be applied on a large data set. In this way, an artificial neural network (ANN) approach was introduced for the analysis of an ellipsometric map. As a proof of concept this method was applied for the characterization of silver nanoparticles embedded in a poly-(vinyl alcohol) film. We demonstrate that the LM and ANN give similar results. However, the time required for the ellipsometric map analysis decreases from 15 days for the LM to 1 s for the ANN. This suggests that the ANN is a powerful tool for fast spectroscopic-ellipsometric-imaging analysis.
Efficient parametric down-conversion by gain-trapped solitons
Authors: Hamrouni Marin , Jankowski Marc , Hwang Alexander Y. , Jornod Nayara , Mishra Jatadhari , Stokowski Hubert S. , McKenna Timothy P. , Langrock Carsten , Südmeyer Thomas , Safavi-Naeini Amir , Fejer Martin M.
Published: January 2024

Optical parametric amplification is one of the most flexible approaches for generating coherent light at long wavelengths, but typical implementations require prohibitively large pump pulse energies to realize useful amounts of gain. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate an approach to optical parametric amplification in which an interplay between parametric gain and symmetric temporal walk-off confines the non-degenerate signal and idler to form a three-wave soliton. Gain-trapped solitons propagate stably over arbitrarily long interaction lengths, which reduces the energy required for high-gain operation by orders of magnitude. The devices demonstrated here realize large parametric gains (>70dB) with only picojoules of pump pulse energy in a 5-mm-long thin-film lithium niobate on sapphire nanowaveguide. In addition, we observe an array of desirable features including high conversion efficiencies (>50%), wide tuning ranges (>100nm), and broad spectral bandwidths (>180nm 3 dB for the 3200-nm idler). When combined with the dispersion engineering available in tightly confining nanowaveguides, this approach enables high-gain optical parametric amplifiers operating at any wavelength.
Near-term forecasting of Covid-19 cases and hospitalisations in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Plank Michael J. , Watson Leighton , Maclaren Oliver J.
Published: January 2024

Near-term forecasting of infectious disease incidence and consequent demand for acute healthcare services can support capacity planning and public health responses. Despite well-developed scenario modelling to support the Covid-19 response, Aotearoa New Zealand lacks advanced infectious disease forecasting capacity. We develop a model using Aotearoa New Zealand’s unique Covid-19 data streams to predict reported Covid-19 cases, hospital admissions and hospital occupancy. The method combines a semi-mechanistic model for disease transmission to predict cases with Gaussian process regression models to predict the fraction of reported cases that will require hospital treatment. We evaluate forecast performance against out-of-sample data over the period from 2 October 2022 to 23 July 2023. Our results show that forecast performance is reasonably good over a 1-3 week time horizon, although generally deteriorates as the time horizon is lengthened. The model has been operationalised to provide weekly national and regional forecasts in real-time. This study is an important step towards development of more sophisticated situational awareness and infectious disease forecasting tools in Aotearoa New Zealand.
Are we really Bayesian? Probabilistic inference shows sub-optimal knowledge transfer
Authors: Lin Chin-Hsuan Sophie , Do Trang Thuy , Unsworth Lee , Garrido Marta I.
Published: January 2024

Numerous studies have found that the Bayesian framework, which formulates the optimal integration of the knowledge of the world (i.e. prior) and current sensory evidence (i.e. likelihood), captures human behaviours sufficiently well. However, there are debates regarding whether humans use precise but cognitively demanding Bayesian computations for behaviours. Across two studies, we trained participants to estimate hidden locations of a target drawn from priors with different levels of uncertainty. In each trial, scattered dots provided noisy likelihood information about the target location. Participants showed that they learned the priors and combined prior and likelihood information to infer target locations in a Bayes fashion. We then introduced a transfer condition presenting a trained prior and a likelihood that has never been put together during training. How well participants integrate this novel likelihood with their learned prior is an indicator of whether participants perform Bayesian computations. In one study, participants experienced the newly introduced likelihood, which was paired with a different prior, during training. Participants changed likelihood weighting following expected directions although the degrees of change were significantly lower than Bayes-optimal predictions. In another group, the novel likelihoods were never used during training. We found people integrated a new likelihood within (interpolation) better than the one outside (extrapolation) the range of their previous learning experience and they were quantitatively Bayes-suboptimal in both. We replicated the findings of both studies in a validation dataset. Our results showed that Bayesian behaviours may not always be achieved by a full Bayesian computation. Future studies can apply our approach to different tasks to enhance the understanding of decision-making mechanisms.
SH2 domain protein E and ABL signaling regulate blood vessel size
Authors: Schumacher Jennifer A. , Wright Zoë A. , Rufin Florat Diandra , Anand Surendra K. , Dasyani Manish , Batta Surya Prakash Rao , Laverde Valentina , Ferrari Kaitlin , Klimkaite Laurita , Bredemeier Nina O. , Gurung Suman , Koller Gretchen M. , Aguera Kalia N. , Chadwick Griffin P. , Johnson Riley D. , Davis George E. , Sumanas Saulius
Published: January 2024

Blood vessels in different vascular beds vary in size, which is essential for their function and fluid flow along the vascular network. Molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of a vascular lumen of appropriate size, or tubulogenesis, are still only partially understood.Src homology 2 domain containing E (She)protein was previously identified in a screen for proteins that interact with Abelson (Abl)-kinase. However, its biological role has remained unknown. Here we demonstrate that She and Abl signaling regulate vessel size in zebrafish embryos and human endothelial cell culture. Zebrafishshemutants displayed increased endothelial cell number and enlarged lumen size of the dorsal aorta (DA) and defects in blood flow, eventually leading to the DA collapse. Vascular endothelial specific overexpression ofsheresulted in a reduced diameter of the DA, which correlated with the reduced arterial cell number and lower endothelial cell proliferation. Chemical inhibition of Abl signaling in zebrafish embryos caused a similar reduction in the DA diameter and alleviated theshemutant phenotype, suggesting that She acts as a negative regulator of Abl signaling. Enlargement of the DA size inshemutants correlated with an increased endothelial expression ofclaudin 5a (cldn5a), which encodes a protein enriched in tight junctions. Inhibition ofcldn5aexpression partially rescued the enlarged DA inshemutants, suggesting that She regulates DA size, in part, by promotingcldn5aexpression. SHE knockdown in human endothelial umbilical vein cells resulted in a similar increase in the diameter of vascular tubes, and also increased phosphorylation of a known ABL downstream effector CRKL. These results argue that SHE functions as an evolutionarily conserved inhibitor of ABL signaling and regulates vessel and lumen size during vascular tubulogenesis.
Prevalence, mortality, and aetiology of paediatric shock in a tertiary hospital in Malawi: A cohort study
Authors: Kumwenda Mercy , Assies Roxanne , Chathima Gloria , Khofi Harriet , van Woensel Job B. M. , Chimalizeni Yamikani , Langton Josephine , Calis Job C. J.
Published: January 2024

Shock is considered one of the most important mechanisms of critical illness in children. However, data on paediatric shock in sub-Saharan Africa is limited, which constrains development of effective treatment strategies. We aimed to describe the prevalence, mortality, and aetiology of paediatric shock in a tertiary hospital in Malawi. Children aged two months to 16 years presenting with shock (FEAST criteria; respiratory distress and/or impaired consciousness, and at least one sign of impaired circulation; capillary refill>3 seconds, cold extremities, weak pulse, or severe tachycardia) to the emergency department were included and followed-up prospectively using routinely collected data between February 2019 and January 2020. Prevalence, mortality and aetiology of shock were reported for both the FEAST criteria and World Health Organization (WHO) definition. The association between aetiology and mortality was assessed with univariable analysis. Of all screened admissions (N = 12,840), 679 (5.3%) children presented with shock using FEAST criteria and the mortality was 79/663 (11.9%). WHO-defined shock applied to 16/12,840 (0.1%) and the mortality was 9/15 (60.0%). Main diagnoses were viral/reactive airway diseases (40.4%), severe pneumonia (14.3%), gastroenteritis (11.3%) and presumed sepsis (5.7%). Children diagnosed with presumed sepsis and gastroenteritis had the highest odds of dying (OR 11.3; 95%-CI:4.9–25.8 and OR 4.4; 95%-CI:2.4–8.2). Considering the high mortality, prevalence of paediatric shock (FEAST and WHO definitions) in Malawi is high. Sepsis and gastroenteritis are diagnoses associated with poor outcome in these children. Consensus on a clinical meaningful definition for paediatric shock is essential to boost future studies.
Evaluation of a comprehensive health check offered to frontline health workers in Zimbabwe
Authors: Marambire Edson T. , Chingono Rudo M. S. , Calderwood Claire J. , Larsson Leyla , Sibanda Sibusisiwe , Kavenga Fungai , Nzvere Farirai P. , Olaru Ioana D. , Simms Victoria , McHugh Grace , Bandason Tsitsi , Redzo Nicol , Gregson Celia L. , Maunganidze Aspect J. V. , Pasi Christopher , Chiwanga Michael , Chonzi Prosper , Ndhlovu Chiratidzo E. , Mujuru Hilda , Rusakaniko Simbarashe , Ferrand Rashida A. , Kranzer Katharina
Published: January 2024

Health workers are essential for a functioning healthcare system, and their own health is often not addressed. During the COVID-19 pandemic health workers were at high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection whilst coping with increased healthcare demand. Here we report the development, implementation, and uptake of an integrated health check combining SARS-CoV-2 testing with screening for other communicable and non-communicable diseases for health workers in Zimbabwe during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health checks were offered to health workers in public and private health facilities from July 2020 to June 2022. Data on the number of health workers accessing the service and yield of screening was collected. Workshops and in-depth interviews were conducted to explore the perceptions and experiences of clients and service providers. 6598 health workers across 48 health facilities accessed the service. Among those reached, 5215 (79%) were women, the median age was 37 (IQR: 29–44) years and the largest proportion were nurses (n = 2092, 32%). 149 (2.3%) healthcare workers tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Uptake of screening services was almost 100% for all screened conditions except HIV. The most common conditions detected through screening were elevated blood pressure (n = 1249; 19%), elevated HbA1c (n = 428; 7.7%) and common mental disorder (n = 645; 9.8%). Process evaluation showed high acceptability of the service. Key enablers for health workers accessing the service included free and comprehensive service provision, and availability of reliable point-of-care screening methods. Implementation of a comprehensive health check for health workers was feasible, acceptable, and effective, even during a pandemic. Conventional occupational health programmes focus on infectious diseases. In a society where even health workers cannot afford health care, free comprehensive occupational health services may address unmet needs in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment for chronic non-communicable conditions.
Association between water insecurity and antiretroviral therapy adherence among pregnant and postpartum women in Greater Accra region of Ghana
Authors: Nutor Jerry John , Okiring Jaffer , Yeboah Isaac , Thompson Rachel G. A. , Agbadi Pascal , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena , Getahun Monica , Agbadi Wisdom , Hoffmann Thomas J. , Weiser Sheri D.
Published: January 2024

Background

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) can substantially reduce morbidity and mortality among women living with HIV (WLWH) and prevent vertical transmission of HIV. However, in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), more than 50% of new mothers discontinue ART and HIV care after childbirth. The role of water insecurity (WI) in ART adherence is not well-explored. We examined the relationship between WI and ART adherence among pregnant and postpartum WLWH in Greater Accra region of Ghana.

Methods

Using a cross-sectional survey, we recruited 176 pregnant and postpartum WLWH on ART across 11 health facilities. We examined the association between WI (measured using the Household Water Insecurity Experience Scale, and categorized as moderate and severe WI compard to low WI) and poor ART adherence (defined as scoring a below average observed CASE index score). Bivariate analysis was performed using chi-square test followed by multivariate logistic regression models. We included all variables with p-values less than 0.20 in the multivariate analysis.

Results

Most (79.5%) of the pregnant and postpartum WLWH enrolled on ART, were urban residents. Over 2/3 were aged 30 years and older. Overall, 33.5% of respondents had poor ART adherence. Proportion of poor ART adherence was 19.4% among those with low WI, 44.4% in those with moderate WI, and 40.0% among those with high WI. Respondents with moderate household water insecurity had a greater odds of reporting poor ART adherence, as compared to those with low water insecurity (adjusted Odds ratio (aOR) = 2.76, 95%CI: 1.14–6.66, p = 0.024), even after adjusting for food insecurity. Similarly, respondents with high WI had a greater odds of reporting poor ART adherence, as compared to those with low water insecurity (aOR = 1.49, 95%CI: 0.50–4.48, p = 0.479), even after adjusting for food insecurity.

Conclusion

Water insecurity is prevalent among pregnant and postpartum WLWH and is a significant risk factor for poor ART adherence. Governments and other stakeholders working in HIV care provision should prioritize water security programming for WLWH along the HIV care continuum.
Screening for antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of Sri Lankan marine sponges through microfractionation: Isolation of bromopyrrole alkaloids from Stylissa massa
Authors: Kosgahakumbura Lakmini , Gamage Jayani , Robertson Luke P. , Muhammad Taj , Hellman Björn , Göransson Ulf , Jayasinghe Prabath , Hettiarachchi Chamari , Cárdenas Paco , Gunasekera Sunithi
Published: January 2024

Sri Lanka is a biodiversity hotspot and one of the richest geographical locations of marine sponges in the Indian ocean. However, the most extensive taxonomical study on Sri Lankan sponge biodiversity dates back ~100 years and only a limited number of studies have been conducted on sponge natural products. In the current study, 35 marine sponge specimens (collected from 16 sponge habitats around Sri Lanka) were identified, microfractionated and evaluated for antibacterial and anticancer assays. In total, 30 species were characterized, of which 19 species gave extracts with antibacterial and/or cytotoxic activities. Microfractionated organic extract of Aciculites orientalis gave the most potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and strongest lymphoma cell toxicity was exhibited by the organic extract of Acanthella sp. Guided by the molecular ion peaks in the bioactive fractions, large-scale extraction of Stylissa massa led to the isolation of three bromopyrrole alkaloids, sceptrin, hymenin and manzacidin A/C. Of these, sceptrin exhibited broad spectrum antibacterial activity against both Escherichia coli and S. aureus (MIC of 62.5 μM against both species). Based on natural product literature, seven promising species were identified as understudied. Their further exploration may lead to the discovery of structurally novel compounds.
A saúde e as determinantes sociais da saúde. Ensaio metodológico para a deteção de disparidades espaciais em saúde no Estado da Baviera, Alemanha
Authors: Bauer Antonia , Nogueira Helena
Published: January 2024

As disparidades em saúde que, a diferentes escalas, se observam entre diferentes grupos populacionais, e diferentes estruturas espácio-temporais, têm sido cada vez mais associadas aos determinantes sociais da saúde. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a associação e a correlação espacial entre o estado de saúde pública da Baviera e determinantes sociodemográficos e socioeconómicos específicos. Foi efetuada uma análise de autocorrelação espacial para detetar aglomerações espaciais de saúde. Efetuou-se, também, uma análise de regressão linear múltipla, a fim de identificar as variáveis preditivas dos resultados em saúde mais adequadas. Além disso, para explicar a correlação espacial entre saúde e determinantes sociais da saúde, foi efetuado um modelo de regressão geograficamente ponderado. Foram encontrados agrupamentos estatisticamente relevantes em distritos da região norte da Baviera (alto-alto, alto-baixo) e na região metropolitana de Munique (baixo-baixo, baixo-alto). O modelo de regressão linear múltipla indicou que o número de pessoas com qualificação profissional (p=0.015e-7), a taxa de desemprego (p=0.0334332e-3), o rácio de jovens (p=0.0072) e o rácio de idosos (p=0.012e-7) têm uma influência significativa no estado de saúde da população. Os resultados da regressão geograficamente ponderada mostram um padrão circular, com os valores mais elevados na parte nordeste (R2 local=0.8077) e os valores mais baixos na parte sudoeste (R2 local=0.5865) da Baviera. Pode afirmar-se que as variáveis supramencionadas predizem ligeiramente melhor uma saúde pública pobre do que uma saúde pública boa. As maiores disparidades espaciais em matéria de saúde continuam a verificar-se entre os distritos do norte e os distritos da região metropolitana de Munique. As variáveis da dimensão educativa, económica e demográfica são capazes de explicar estas diferenças.
Bar Semente (Rio de Janeiro) e Tejo Bar (Lisboa): assegurar a renovação de tradições culturais enraizadas
Authors: Brufato Aline , Bartholo Roberto , Loureiro Felipe
Published: January 2024

This article proposes a reflection on artistic-cultural entrepreneurship, the management of artistic (immaterial) and relational heritage in artistic and cultural entrepreneurship efforts, in particular, music. This study presents two cases: Bar Semente, born and developed in Rio de Janeiro's Lapa neighborhood, and Tejo Bar, from Lisbon's Alfama. Both music ventures are outside the mainstream cultural industry. Lapa and Alfama are territories of cultural heritage, historical and touristic regions. But it is not tourism that "creates" Lapa or Alfama. These places are rooted in the living memory of the city of Rio de Janeiro and Lisboa. For this reason, they also become cultural heritage and tourist attractions. But these roots are transient and can be destroyed by predatory tourist practices. This means that cultural heritage is not a guarantee of continuity. By applying a contemporary lens to the process of entrepreneurship, it was possible to gain insights about the situated music entrepreneurs in both cases who manage a relational and artistic (immaterial) heritage that projects the image and identity of a city to the world, including in tourist and cultural itineraries.
Los interlocutores italianos de las «chicas raras»: Carmen Martín Gaite y Carmen Laforet en el hispanismo italiano actual
Authors: Urraca de la Fuente Patricia
Published: January 2024

Entrada la democracia en España, la narrativa femenina del siglo XX suscitó una gran atención en el hispanismo italiano. El abandono del feminismo militante de las narradoras españolas, causado por el desarrollo de la Transición, hizo que la crítica italiana virase sus intereses hacia la narrativa femenina hispanoamericana. Impelida por el boom, la literatura hispanoamericana se convertía en uno de los máximos intereses de los hispanistas italianos. Pese al aparente inicial cambio de rumbo, la narrativa española de primer orden del siglo XX y, especialmente la de la posguerra, mantuvo constante el interés por Carmen Martín Gaite y Carmen Laforet. Las trayectorias de estas autoras son difícilmente clasificables en una u otra generación debido a sus especiales particularidades. Actualmente, el hispanismo italiano más joven continúa estudiándolas y traduciéndolas, siguiendo las vías abiertas ya en los noventa por quienes hoy son referentes no sólo para el hispanismo italiano y español, sino también para el hispanismo internacional. Siguiendo la estela crítica de Maria Vittoria Calvi, Elide Pittarello, Elisabetta Sarmati o Luigi Contadini, la bibliografía especializada sobre Martín Gaite y Laforet se enriquece de forma constante con las nuevas aportaciones de Luca Cerullo, Maura Rossi, Giulia Tosolini y Marcella Uberti-Bona, entre otros. La expresión «chica rara», que Martín Gaite creó para referirse a Carmen Laforet en 1987, ha pasado a designar al arquetipo que puebla los universos literarios creados por las autoras. También ellas fueron dos «chicas raras» que han encontrado en los hispanistas italianos de varias generaciones a los mejores interlocutores de su vida, a través del estudio de sus textos personales y de sus obras literarias.
Un mapa de la literatura italiana del siglo XX en la España franquista a través de los expedientes de censura
Authors: Bresadola Andrea
Published: January 2024

Se ofrece una exploración de las traducciones italianas del siglo XX en la España franquista a través de los expedientes de censura editorial conservados en el Archivo General de la Administración (AGA), de Alcalá de Henares. Los datos censorios –en la mayoría inéditos– se contrastan en primer lugar con los catálogos, efectuando a continuación una lectura comparativa de los mecanografiados, guardados en el archivo, con las galeradas y las ediciones que finalmente se publicaron. La observación directa de esta variada documentación permite reconstruir los mecanismos de edición y recomponer la trayectoria de traducciones e importaciones de volúmenes impresos al exterior. Se estudian así las anomalías –tanto en lengua española como catalana– de la recepción dificultosa y fragmentaria de la literatura italiana, reseñando cuáles fueron los libros que no llegaron a editarse o vieron la luz mutilados y «suavizados». Se documenta la acogida de obras representativas de narrativa, poesía, teatro, ensayos y guiones cinematográficos, atravesando todos los decenios de la dictadura. El conjunto del material confirma el carácter coercitivo del órgano censorio, pero, a la vez, su pragmatismo, su arbitrariedad de juicio y la presencia de condicionamientos externos (como el affaire Einaudi). A pesar de la evolución del aparato franquista, se prueba que la mayoría de las obras italianas, a menudo identificadas con el «realismo», se obstaculizaron porque violaban la ortodoxia moral del régimen. La lentitud y la inseguridad del procedimiento, además, empujaron a la autocensura de editoriales y agentes literarios. Los efectos conjuntos del sistema represivo y de la autocensura hicieron que obras clave de la literatura italiana llegaran con enorme retraso a España y, en algunos casos, después del fin de la dictadura y de su opresiva máquina de control.
Miguel Delibes e Italia: encuentros y desencuentros
Authors: Londero Renata
Published: January 2024

Se analiza la relación de Miguel Delibes (1920-2010) con Italia desde una perspectiva doble: en la primera parte se considera de qué forma y qué aspectos culturales y literarios del país conoció y apreció el autor –durante viajes y estancias emprendidos desde 1956 hasta 1985 por motivos profesionales–, mientras que en la segunda se examina la recepción de la obra delibeana por parte de los intelectuales italianos (sobre todo, académicos) a través de los ensayos y de las traducciones publicados desde finales de los cincuenta del siglo XX hasta hoy. Las huellas principales que el contacto con Italia dejó en la producción delibeana consisten en las ocho estampas dedicadas a varias ciudades italianas, recogidas en el libro de viajes Europa, parada y fonda (1963); un interesante conjunto de reseñas (1948-1957), donde el vallisoletano expresa su pasión por el cine neorrealista; un breve y tardío texto sobre Alberto Moravia (1990) y la cita de Cesare Pavese en un trabajo de 2004. El balance, bastante decepcionante, se debe al hecho de que el reflexivo e introvertido Delibes quedó al margen de los ambientes de mayor intercambio artístico entre Italia y España en su época: las ferias de libros, las tertulias y los premios literarios. Probablemente fueron razones ideológicas –vinculadas con la permanencia del escritor en España durante el franquismo, a pesar de su velada oposición al régimen, que le proporcionó muchos problemas con la censura– las que provocaron un desierto crítico en Italia con respecto a su narrativa hasta por lo menos los años sesenta. De hecho, los estudios italianos sobre Delibes y las versiones de algunos de sus cuentos y novelas, realizados en especial por docentes universitarios (empezando por Giuseppe Bellini), se han desarrollado en los últimos cuarenta años: sobre ellos versan las páginas finales, donde se abriga la esperanza de que un clásico contemporáneo como Delibes despierte más atención crítica en Italia en un futuro próximo.
Reseña del libro: María Isabel López Martínez (2022), Los poetas de Picasso
Authors: Rocamora Montenegro Raquel
Published: January 2024

Reseña del libro: María Isabel López Martínez (2022), Los poetas de Picasso.
La filología de autor aplicada a textos hispánicos: la escuela de Pavía
Authors: Tanganelli Paolo
Published: January 2024

La línea genealógica formada por Segre, Caravaggi y Mazzocchi ha marcado la escuela de Pavía con su riguroso enfoque filológico, centrado en la crítica textual neolachmanniana, pero en alianza, dependiendo de las diferentes tradiciones, con la filología de autor y la filología del texto impreso. El grupo de hispanistas que se reconocen en ella han privilegiado cada vez más las investigaciones sobre variantes de autor, a la zaga de los ejemplos señeros de crítica de las variantes brindados por Segre y Caravaggi, así como de las reflexiones teóricas de Mazzocchi. Este compendio recuerda las siguientes líneas de investigación: 1) Andrea Baldissera sobre Francisco Borja («príncipe de Esquilache»), Cristóbal de Virués, Luis Lobera de Ávila, Gil de los Arcos y Alférez, Miguel de Molinos, Santa Teresa de Jesús y Ramón de la Cruz; 2) Rafael Bonilla Cerezo sobre Cayetano María Huarte y Ruiz de Briviesca y Juan Alfonso de Guerra y Sandoval; 3) Andrea Bresadola sobre el manuscrito 3911 de la Biblioteca Nacional de España, Miguel de Unamuno, Luis Martín-Santos, Manuel Lueiro Rey y Miguel Delibes; 4) Mirko Brizi sobre Ginés Pérez de Hita; 5) Giovanni Caravaggi sobre Antonio Machado, Federico García Lorca, Miguel Hernández y Manuel Altolaguirre; 6) Marta Fabbri sobre Miguel de Unamuno; 7) Laura Fernández Rodríguez sobre Tassis y Peralta; 8) Ornella Gianesin sobre Pedro de Oña; 9) Giulia Giorgi sobre Alonso de Castillo Solórzano y Miguel de Unamuno; 10) Paola Laskaris sobre Pedro de Padilla; 11) Eugenio Maggi sobre Max Aub; 12) Olga Perotti sobre Santa Teresa de Jesús y Miguel de Unamuno; 13) Paolo Pintacuda sobre Cosme de Aldana, Miguel Giner, Federico García Lorca, la traducción al español de la Proclama de Marinetti y las versiones italianas de los poemas de Manuel Machado; 14) Paolo Tanganelli sobre San Juan de la Cruz y Miguel de Unamuno.
Cuando el estilo se hace método: Carmelo Samonà
Authors: Baldissera Andrea
Published: January 2024

El ensayo toma en consideración la figura de Carmelo Samonà (1926-1990), protagonista del hispanismo italiano del siglo XX, e intenta relacionar el estilo de su prosa (especialmente el de los manuales de historia literaria) con su visión crítico-estética, basándose también en los enunciados teóricos del propio estudioso y la bibliografía existente sobre su obra crítica. Asimismo, se comentan fragmentos extraídos de las páginas de Samonà para comprobar la funcionalidad de un estilo de escritura que resulta muy literario. En efecto, Samonà, que conocía perfectamente las teorías críticas contemporáneas y no ignoraba en absoluto sus tecnicismos, se decantó por un estilo de exposición literario y clásico, adoptando una retórica (lingüística y argumental) en la que se había formado, pero que también eligió a sabiendas, al servicio de su profesión de investigador (y escritor).
Turismo de Base Comunitária em Unidades de Conservação de uso sustentável no Brasil: para pensar práticas de gestão
Authors: Moraes Edilaine Albertino de , Guerra Marília Falcone , Mendonça Teresa Cristina de Miranda , Fenerich Gabriel Nogueira
Published: January 2024

O turismo de base comunitária tem sido considerado uma estratégia fundamental para compreender e apoiar a conservação, valorizar os atributos de natureza e cultura e o próprio processo de gestão de unidades de conservação. As primeiras iniciativas dessa prática surgiram, em meados da década de 1990, nas Regiões Norte, Nordeste e Sul do Brasil, caracterizadas por um forte componente de participação e protagonismo da comunidade local, no processo de planejamento e gestão das atividades, sobretudo, em defesa dos seus territórios tradicionalmente ocupados, que, em sua maioria, são vinculados às unidades de conservação de uso sustentável. O artigo busca, assim, analisar as percepções dos atores locais e interlocutores institucionais sobre o turismo de base comunitária em unidades de conservação de uso sustentável federais, considerando quatro experiências: Área de Proteção Ambiental Guapi-Mirim (RJ), Área de Proteção Ambiental de Cairuçu (RJ), Reserva Extrativista Prainha do Canto Verde (CE) e Reserva Extrativista Tapajós-Arapiuns (PA). A metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa adotada se baseou, principalmente, em levantamentos bibliográfico e documental, no trabalho de campo virtual e na análise e tratamento dos dados. Os principais resultados alcançados revelaram inúmeras oportunidades de turismo de base comunitária em unidade de conservação de uso sustentável, de organização sociopolítica, reconhecimento e valorização mútua de natureza-cultura, além do diálogo entre comunidades, ICMBio, parceiros e sociedade civil.
Impactos do processo sucessório gerencial na oferta agroturística em Venda Nova do Imigrante-ES
Authors: Fraga Baptista Carnielli Gabriele , Lanna Peixoto Daniel , Brusco Ribeta Paola
Published: January 2024

O agroturismo, que é predominantemente familiar, tem evidenciado uma ascensão em razão das suas características singulares, as quais permitem que o turista vivencie e participe das atividades exercidas pelos empreendimentos. Com esse crescimento da modalidade, surgiu a preocupação com o futuro das empresas que promovem o agroturismo, ou seja, com o processo sucessório gerencial, uma vez que por seu intermédio será definido o sucesso ou o insucesso da organização. Portanto, este artigo tem por objetivo compreender os impactos do processo sucessório gerencial na oferta agroturística, descrevendo a forma como iniciativas desse tipo promovem o agroturismo, além de analisar como ocorre o processo sucessório em pequenas propriedades familiares e quais suas influências na atividade. Para esse fim, foi desenvolvido um estudo de casos múltiplos em dois empreendimentos localizados em Venda Nova do Imigrante (ES), município em que a atividade agroturística se desenvolveu de forma representativa, tornando-se a “Capital Nacional do Agroturismo”. Este artigo ratifica a ideia de complexidade do processo sucessório e contribui para melhor compreendê-lo em empresas familiares, estando as atenções direcionadas, principalmente, aos conflitos entre gerações de uma mesma família, remuneração dos sucessores, inovação por meio da sucessão e o papel da mulher no processo sucessório.
Comunicación persuasiva del influencer en el turismo: Teorías disponibles para su estudio
Authors: Rodriguez-Hidalgo Alma Belen , Tamayo Salcedo Ana Leticia , Guadarrama Tavira Enrique
Published: January 2024

La inmersión de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación en el sector turístico ha modificado la forma de comunicación en todos los ámbitos, uno de los más evidentes ha sido en la promoción turística en entornos virtuales. Cuestión que ha promulgado la implementación del influencer como una herramienta estratégica para transformar el diálogo que sea de interés para su comunidad de seguidores e incidir en sus intenciones de viaje. Mediante una revisión sistemática y análisis de contenido, este artículoreflexiona sobre los principales paradigmas teóricos de la comunicación: crítico, estructuralista y funcionalista,disponibles para el estudio de la comunicación persuasiva por parte de influencers en turismo. Mediante la recolección de artículos y libros sobre comunicación, se explican las características de cada paradigma, a fin de proponer nuevas perspectivas disponibles para el estudio del reciente fenómeno. Se concluye que, debido a la divergencia entre paradigmas, la elección de un paradigma dependerá del investigador y de los objetivos de la investigación. Se sugiere profundizar en las repercusiones que tiene la figura comunicativa del influencer desde la mirada de cada uno de los paradigmas que contribuyan a la fundamentación teórico-metodológica de este fenómeno en los diferentes contextos socioculturales.
Cluster do turismo: estudo de caso do destino Porto de Galinhas-PE
Authors: Soares Lívia Maria da Silva , Pereira Yakara Vasconcelos
Published: January 2024

Esta investigação visa identificar as características do cluster do turismo de Porto de Galinhas-PE (BR). Para atingir o propósito do estudo, foram considerados os seguintes aprofundamentos teóricos: identificação das características do cluster do turismo; e, análise do modo que as características do cluster impulsionam o destino turístico. Cabe evidenciar que a localidade apresenta o principal cluster turístico de destino Sol e Mar do estado de Pernambuco. Para viabilizar a investigação, foi adotado o estudo de caso no âmbito da pesquisa qualitativa. Utilizou-se como instrumento de coleta de dados o roteiro de entrevista para acessar 17 interlocutores de empresas, instituições governamentais e associações locais. Nos dados secundários, obteve-se 54 matérias de jornais e revistas. Os resultados mostram que o impacto do cluster de turismo é relevante para a região, tanto do ponto de vista econômico quanto social. A pesquisa também expressa o desafio conceitual devido à existência da diversidade geográfica e variedade de contextos setoriais do cluster. As contribuições teóricas identificam as características endógenas da região, esclarece que para fazer parte do cluster não é necessário que as empresas estejam sediadas no destino, há empresas atuantes do cluster sediadas em: Washington, D.C. (EUA), São Paulo -SP (BR) e Rio de Janeiro- RJ (BR). Houve a constatação de uma nova subcategoria, experiências turísticas memoráveis, que impulsiona a atratividade do destino. Por fim, pode-se evidenciar que neste estudo as características do cluster do turismo potencializam aspectos genuínos inerentes à região e fortalece o desempenho organizacional e local do destino.