bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Idea of Phenomenology: Reading Husserliana as Reductions
Authors: Himanka Juha
Published: March 2011

Edmund Husserl strongly emphasized the importance of reduction to his phenomenology. For his followers, however, it has proved a formidable task to specify exactly how this intricate accomplishment that opens up the possibility for phenomenological research is to be performed. In this article, we study different approaches to gaining access to reduction and conclude by suggesting that we should read Husserliana itself as a set of accomplished reductions. In other words, our task is to pinpoint chapters where the movement of reduction takes place. As an example of such a reading, I will point out events that come about in Husserl’s Idea of Phenomenology.
Church of England Army Chaplains in the First World War: Goodbye to ‘Goodbye to All That’
Authors: SNAPE MICHAEL
Published: March 2011

The British experience of the First World War has given rise to a host of myths and misconceptions in both the folklore and the historiography of the war. The most damaging of these for the Church of England has been that its army chaplains skulked in the rear while a generation of British men fought and died in the trenches of the Western Front. This article exposes the falsity of this myth, tracing its origins to the inter-war boom in ‘war books’ and its longevity among ecclesiastical historians in particular to the pacifist sensitivities and flawed historiography of the 1960s and the 1970s.
Sales and Advertising Expenditure for Interwar American Department Stores
Authors: Scott Peter M. , Walker James
Published: March 2011

Department stores represented one of the most advertising-intensive sectors of American interwar retailing. Yet it has been argued that a competitive spiral of high advertising spending, to match the challenge of other local department stores, contributed to an inflation of operating costs that eroded long-term competitiveness. We test these claims, using both qualitative archival data and establishment-level national data sets. The quantitative analysis confirms that the relationship between advertising expenditure and sales deteriorated markedly over the period, but indicates that the growing negative impact of retaliatory advertising by rival department stores was less important than contemporaries perceived.
Moral Hazard in a Mutual Health Insurance System: German Knappschaften, 1867–1914
Authors: Guinnane Timothy W. , Streb Jochen
Published: March 2011

TheKnappschaftwas a mutual association through which German miners insured themselves against accident, illness, and old age. TheKnappschaftunderlies Bismarck's sickness and accident insurance legislation, and thus Germany's system today. This article focuses on moral hazard, which plagued theKnappschaftenin the later nineteenth century. Sick pay made it attractive for miners to feign illness that made them unable to work. We outline the moral hazard problem theKnappschaftenfaced as well as the mechanisms they devised to control it, and then use econometric models to demonstrate that those mechanisms were at best imperfect.
American Mobility and the Expansion of Public Education
Authors: Parman John
Published: March 2011

Educational institutions and intergenerational mobility are closely related; access to schools is a major determinant of a child's future success. This article offers new insight into this relationship with a study of mobility at the beginning of the United States' expansion of public schools in the early twentieth century. A new intergenerational data set is used to establish high rates of income mobility at the start of the century and a negative relationship between school quality and mobility. Educational attainment estimates reveal that this was a product of high-income families being more responsive to improving schools than poor families.
Marine Insurance in Philadelphia During the Quasi-War with France, 1795–1801
Authors: Kingston Christopher
Published: March 2011

Until the 1790s marine insurance in the United States was organized by brokers and underwritten by private individuals. Beginning in 1792, however, the private underwriters had to compete with newly formed marine insurance corporations. Each organizational form had advantages and disadvantages. This article uses archival data from a private underwriter and a corporation to study how the competition between these different organizational forms was affected by a powerful exogenous shock which substantially increased the risks to American merchant shipping in the late 1790s: the “Quasi-War” between the United States and France.
Announcing the Human: Rethinking the Relationship Between Wisdom of Solomon 13–15 and Romans 1.18–2.11
Authors: Linebaugh Jonathan A.
Published: March 2011

Although the relationship between Rom 1.18–2.5 and Wisdom of Solomon 13–15 is variously interpreted, those who detect a level of textual engagement tend to agree that while Rom 2.1–5 critiques Wis 15.1–4, Rom 1.18–32 stands as a compressed yet theologically consistent restatement of Wis 13.1–14.31, 15.7–19. This paper challenges this virtual consensus by rereading Rom 1.18–32 in light of the rhetorical turn at Rom 2.1. The kerygmatic location of Paul's polemic, together with a series of alterations to the Hellenistic Jewish polemical tradition, suggest an interpretation of Rom 1.18–32 that runs directly counter to Wisdom of Solomon's rhetorical and theological purposes in chs. 13–15. Whereas Wisdom of Solomon's polemic functions to reinforce the anthropological distinction between Jew and Gentile on the basis of true and false worship, Paul reworks the aniconic tradition to establish the essential unity of humanity.
A NOTE FROM THE EDITORS
Authors: Capper Charles , La Vopa Anthony
Published: March 2011

Roughly eight years ago we met in Manhattan with Nick Phillipson to plan a new journal to be launched by Cambridge University Press. Two Americans who knew each and had worked together well, and who were largely in agreement about what MIH should accomplish. We were well aware of the quality of Nick's scholarship, of course, and had heard through the transatlantic grapevine that he was a great colleague. Still, we were more than a little apprehensive. What if Nick had a totally different idea of the journal? What if the personal chemistry didn't work? Within an hour of our discussion we knew that we had “lucked out” on both counts. Readers familiar with Nick's work will surely agree that he has one of the sharpest and most imaginative minds in the discipline, and that he had been combining intellectual history with social and cultural history well before historians started making such a fuss about it. Manhattan was the right place to meet. An urban gentleman (in the best of senses), Nick is a gourmet of awesome range (everything from haute cuisine to deli food) and a sparkling conversationalist and raconteur. Lunch or dinner with him is an event. No one takes more care, or pleasure, in ordering a good bottle of wine. The subject of conversation need not be history; he is a lover of art and music, and has been very active in the cultural and civic life of Edinburgh, where he was a celebrated teacher at the university from 1965 to 2004.
GERMAN POST-DARWINIAN BIOLOGY REASSESSED
Authors: GREGORY FREDERICK
Published: March 2011

It is hard to imagine two more engaging and thoroughly researched works on German science than the two here under review. This is especially rewarding because in the period covered—the second half of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth—it is often the physical sciences that command the attention of historians. This was the time when Helmholtz was at the peak of his profession and Einstein was emerging onto the scene. Richards and Nyhart are among those historians of science who are reexamining assumptions about the sciences of life in Germany from the beginning of the nineteenth century on. In particular, as scholars of Germany they refuse to concede to any other country or individual (including Darwin) the undisputed center of attention where biological science and even the subject of evolution are concerned. Both works are much more than straightforward narrative histories. Nyhart and Richards have each taken on difficult historiographical challenges in the course of presenting the results of their research.
AYN RAND AND AMERICAN CONSERVATISM IN THE COLD WAR ERA
Authors: ALLITT PATRICK
Published: March 2011

An American conservative movement developed rapidly after World War II. It brought together intellectuals and politicians opposed to the New Deal in domestic policy and Soviet communism in foreign policy. The movement's first presidential candidate, Barry Goldwater, lost the election of 1964 but its second, Ronald Reagan, won the election of 1980. It has remained an influential force in American life up to the present, despite strong internal contradictions, which include disagreements about centralized power, about religion, about tradition, about elites, and about the free market. To some of the movement's early luminaries, such as Russell Kirk, free-market capitalism was the antithesis of conservatism since it required perpetual innovation and the sweeping away of traditional forms. To others, such as Ayn Rand, capitalism was the heart and soul of conservatism because it alone preserved the dignity and freedom of the individual.
Sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciifolia): a beneficial forage legume
Authors: Hayot Carbonero Christine , Mueller-Harvey Irene , Brown Terence A. , Smith Lydia
Published: March 2011

TheOnobrychisgenus comprises a few agronomically important forage legume species, with sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) being the most widespread.O. viciifoliahas a long history of traditional culture worldwide, but its use has declined in western countries over the last decades. It suffers from low productivity and is more difficult to maintain than other legumes but is known to have valuable characteristics such as palatability and drought tolerance. Recent studies suggest that it has several other highly beneficial properties due to its unique tannin and polyphenol composition. Condensed tannins present inOnobrychisspecies have been shown to confer anthelmintic properties, increase protein utilization and prevent bloating; they may also have the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Positive effects on wildlife and honey production could also be advantageous in the context of sustainable farming. Modern breeding programmes have not been a priority, leading to a lack of genetic knowledge in comparison to extensively used forage legumes. It is expected that potential forO. viciifoliaimprovements could be achieved by rigorous characterization of the available germplasm and utilization of characters derived from close relatives of the genus. Breeding priorities for the future would include enhanced germination and improved early establishment, allied to the best anthelmintic properties observed in some varieties.
Genetic diversity of Colombian landraces of common bean as detected through the use of silver-stained and fluorescently labelled microsatellites
Authors: Díaz Lucy M. , Buendía Héctor F. , Duque Myriam C. , Blair Matthew W.
Published: March 2011

Colombia, situated at the northern end of the Andes mountains of South America and in proximity to Central America, is an important centre of diversity for common bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) that has a mix of cultivated germplasm from both major gene pools (Andean and Mesoamerican) for the species. Microsatellites are a useful marker system for analyzing genetic diversity of this crop and can be analyzed with manual (silver-stain) or automated (ABI) detection systems and using unlabelled or fluorescently labelled markers, respectively. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the genetic diversity of 92 Colombian landraces and gene pool controls with 36 fluorescent and 30 non-fluorescent microsatellite markers and to determine the extent of introgression between the Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools for this germplasm. A comparison of fluorescentversusnon-fluorescent marker systems was performed with 14 loci, which were evaluated with both methods; the fluorescent markers were found to be more precise than the non-fluorescent markers in determining population structure. A combined analysis of 52 microsatellites using the 36 fluorescent markers and 16 non-overlapping, silver-stained markers produced an accurate population structure for the Andean gene pool that separated race Nueva Granada and race Peru genotypes and clearly identified introgression between these races and the gene pools. The results of this research are important for the application of microsatellite markers to diversity analysis in common bean and for the conservation of landraces in Colombia and neighbouring countries of Latin America, where similar germplasm exists and where gene pool or race mixtures also occur.
Germplasm resources in legumes
Authors: Ellis T. H. Noel
Published: March 2011

The collected articles in this volume are discussed in their wider context.
The Impact of the 2009 Red River Flood on Interpersonal Risk Factors for Suicide
Authors: Gordon Kathryn H. , Bresin Konrad , Dombeck Joseph , Routledge Clay , Wonderlich Joseph A.
Published: March 2011

Background: Natural disasters are frequently associated with increases in risk factors for suicide, yet research indicates that suicide rates tend to stay the same or decrease in the wake of disasters (e.g., Krug et al., 1999 ). Aims: The present research sought to shed light on this counterintuitive phenomenon by testing hypotheses derived from Joiner’s (2005 ) interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior, which proposes that the desire to die by suicide is the result of feeling like one does not belong and feeling like one is a burden on others. During natural disasters, community members often pull together in volunteering efforts, and it was predicted that such behaviors would boost feelings of belonging and reduce feelings that one is a burden. Methods: The present study tested these predictions in a sample of 210 undergraduate students in Fargo, North Dakota, following the 2009 Red River Flood. Results: Consistent with prediction, greater amounts of time spent volunteering in flood efforts were associated with increased feelings of belongingness and decreased feelings of burdensomeness. Conclusions: The findings in the current study are consistent with the notion that communities pulling together during a natural disaster can reduce interpersonal risk factors associated with the desire for suicide.
Impact of reservoirs on river discharge and irrigation water supply during the 20th century
Authors: Biemans H. , Haddeland I. , Kabat P. , Ludwig F. , Hutjes R. W. A. , Heinke J. , von Bloh W. , Gerten D.
Published: March 2011

This paper presents a quantitative estimation of the impact of reservoirs on discharge and irrigation water supply during the 20th century at global, continental, and river basin scale. Compared to a natural situation the combined effect of reservoir operation and irrigation extractions decreased mean annual discharge to oceans and significantly changed the timing of this discharge. For example, in Europe, May discharge decreased by 10%, while in February it increased by 8%. At the end of the 20th century, reservoir operations and irrigation extractions decreased annual global discharge by about 2.1% (930 km3 yr−1). Simulation results show that reservoirs contribute significantly to irrigation water supply in many regions. Basins that rely heavily on reservoir water are the Colorado and Columbia River basins in the United States and several large basins in India, China, and central Asia (e.g., in the Krishna and Huang He basins, reservoirs more than doubled surface water supply). Continents gaining the most are North America, Africa, and Asia, where reservoirs supplied 57, 22, and 360 km3 yr−1 respectively between 1981–2000, which is in all cases 40% more than the availability in the situation without reservoirs. Globally, the irrigation water supply from reservoirs increased from around 18 km3 yr−1 (adding 5% to surface water supply) at the beginning of the 20th century to 460 km3 yr−1 (adding almost 40% to surface water supply) at the end of the 20th century. The analysis is performed using a newly developed and validated reservoir operation scheme within a global‐scale hydrology and vegetation model (LPJmL).
Determining rheology from deformation data: The case of central Italy
Authors: Carafa Michele M. C. , Barba Salvatore
Published: March 2011

The study of geodynamics relies on an understanding of the strength of the lithosphere. However, our knowledge of kilometer‐scale rheology has generally been obtained from centimeter‐sized laboratory samples or from microstructural studies of naturally deformed rocks. In this study, we present a method that allows rheological examination at a larger scale. Utilizing forward numerical modeling, we simulated lithospheric deformation as a function of heat flow and rheological parameters and computed several testable predictions including horizontal velocities, stress directions, and the tectonic regime. To select the best solutions, we compared the model predictions with experimental data. We applied this method in Italy and found that the rheology shows significant variations at small distances. The strength ranged from 0.6 ± 0.2 TN/m within the Apennines belt to 21 ± 6 TN/m in the external Adriatic thrust. These strength values correspond to an aseismic mantle in the upper plate and to a strong mantle within the Adriatic lithosphere. With respect to the internal thrust, we found that strike‐slip or transpressive, but not compressive, earthquakes can occur along the deeper portion of the thrust. The differences in the lithospheric strength are greater than our estimated uncertainties and occur across the Adriatic subduction margin. Using the proposed method, the lithospheric strength can be also determined when information at depth is scarce but sufficient surface data are available.
Laplacians in polar matrix coordinates and radial fermionization in higher dimensions
Authors: Masuku Mthokozisi , Rodrigues João P.
Published: March 2011

We consider the quantum mechanical Hamiltonian of two, space indexed, Hermitian matrices. By introducing matrix valued polar coordinates, we obtain the form of the Laplacian acting on invariant states. For potentials depending only on the eigenvalues of the radial matrix, we establish that the radially invariant sector is equivalent to a system of noninteracting 2 + 1 dimensional fermions and obtain its density description. For a larger number of matrices, the presence of a repulsive radial intereigenvalue potential is identified.
Superhydrophobic surface at low surface temperature
Authors: He Min , Li Huiling , Wang Jianjun , Song Yanlin
Published: March 2011

Superhydrophobic surfaces have aroused great attention for promising applications, e.g., anti-ice/frost. However, most surfaces which are superhydrophobic at room temperature lose their superhydrophobicity at low surface temperatures. Here, surfaces with different area fractions of the solid surface in contact with the liquid (f1) were designed. It is found that surfaces with f1 equal to or smaller than 0.068 maintain the superhydrophobicity when the surface temperature approaches the dew-point. These results are crucial to understand the correlation between the surface morphology and the superhydrophobicity around the dew-point, and design effective surfaces with desired wettability.
The influence of hanging water droplets on discharge activity, application to high voltage insulators
Authors: Bojovschi A. , Rowe W. S. T. , Wong K. L.
Published: March 2011

An investigation into the effect of hanging water droplets on a high voltage electrode is presented. This study is extended to a real life application of water droplets hanging on the sheds of high voltage ceramic insulators. The role of the water droplets on the partial discharge and flash over activity is considered. The results show that hanging droplets have a significant influence on corona discharges, which are visible between the sheds of insulators in a power network.
Order–disorder behavior of ferroelectric phase transition of KTa1−xNbxO3 probed by Brillouin scattering
Authors: Ohta Ryu , Zushi Junta , Ariizumi Takuma , Kojima Seiji
Published: March 2011

The precursor dynamics of a cubic–tetragonal ferroelectric phase transition of potassium tantalate niobate (KTa1−xNbxO3 with x=0.32) crystals is studied by Brillouin scattering. The appearance of the central peak (CP) and marked softening of the elastic constant c11 are clearly observed above the Curie temperature, TC–T, owing to the interaction between the LA mode and local polarization fluctuations of polar nanoregions (PNRs). The relaxation time determined by the CP width clearly shows a critical slowing down above TC–T, indicating an order–disorder feature of the ferroelectric phase transition. The size of a dynamic PNR is evaluated, and it increases toward TC–T.
Energetic stability, structural transition, and thermodynamic properties of ZnSnO3
Authors: Gou Huiyang , Zhang Jingwu , Li Zhiping , Wang Gongkai , Gao Faming , Ewing Rodney C. , Lian Jie
Published: March 2011

First principles calculations were performed on ZnSnO3 polymorphs to understand their energetic stability and structural transition under high pressure environments. The experimentally-identified ilmenite (IL)-type and LiNbO3 (LN)-type ZnSnO3 may coexist at zero pressure considering the effect of zero point energy. IL-type ZnSnO3 becomes unstable under high pressure due to the appearance of imaginary frequency in phonon spectra. Enthalpy differences suggest that the phase stability follows the sequence: ZnO+SnO2 below 5.9 GPa, Zn2SnO4+SnO2 up to 7.1 GPa, and LN-type phase above 7.1 GPa. Pressurization at 34.5 GPa causes a phase transformation from the LN-type to the orthorhombic CdSnO3-type. Thermodynamic properties including Helmholtz free energy, specific heat at constant volume and Debye temperature were also calculated.
The effect of music‐induced mood on attentional networks
Authors: Jiang Jun , Scolaro Ashley J. , Bailey Kira , Chen Antao
Published: March 2011

Attention network theory suggests that there are three separate neural networks that execute the discrete functions of alerting, orienting, and executive attention. Previous research on the influence of mood on attention has shown subtle and inconsistent results. The attention network theory may aid in clarifying the influence of mood on attention. The present study investigated the influence of mood on attentional networks in a normal population. Participants performed the Attention Network Test (ANT), which provides functional measures of alerting, orienting, and executive attention. Positive or negative mood was induced by listening to music with a positive or negative valence, respectively; neutral mood was induced by reading a collection of basic facts about China. The results revealed that negative mood led to a significantly higher alerting efficiency relative to other moods, while there were no significant mood effects on orienting or executive attention efficiency. According to the algorithm underlying the ANT, the higher alerting efficiency in the negative mood condition can be attributed to relatively greater benefits of cueing effects. The findings are discussed in the context of the noradrenergic system and of evolutionary significance. Specifically, the increase in the alerting function during negative mood states may be due to the modulation effect of negative mood on the noradrenergic system, and/or to the survival benefit resulting from an increase in automatic vigilance towards negative information. The current results suggest that as the influence of negative mood on attention appears to specifically consist in an enhanced alerting function, it may not be found in studies where the three attentional networks are not dissociated.
The Influence of Psychiatric Symptoms and Cognitive Abilities on Competence-Related Abilities
Authors: Ryba NancyL. , Zapf PatriciaA.
Published: March 2011

This study evaluated the influence of psychiatric symptoms (psychoticism, withdrawal, depression, hostility) and cognitive abilities (executive functioning, working memory, attention, processing speed) on competence-related abilities (understanding, reasoning, appreciation). Seventy-seven male forensic patients were administered the MacCAT-CA, the BPRS, and several cognitive measures. Results revealed that, when considered as a group, the cognitive abilities accounted for more variance in the scores for all three competence-related abilities than did the psychiatric symptoms although there was an additive effect when these groups of variables were considered collectively. Both the psychiatric symptoms and cognitive abilities accounted for a substantial portion of the variance in understanding and reasoning scores, but less so for appreciation. Psychoticism and attention were important factors across all aspects of competence, while working memory was associated with understanding and reasoning, but not appreciation. The presence of symptoms of psychosis had a moderating effect on all four cognitive variables with regard to reasoning, but not understanding or appreciation. The knowledge gained from these results can be used by practitioners to help improve the consistency and accuracy of competency evaluations.
ENT Emergencies: The Management of Choking
Authors: Verma Poonam
Published: March 2011

Choking results from the acute obstruction of the upper airways by food or other objects. For both the patient and the bystanders it can be an extremely distressing event. Obstructions can partially or completely occlude the airway. Choking most commonly affects young children and the elderly and often occurs in locations devoid of medical facilities, such as restaurants or schools. Emergency medical teams may not arrive in time to save a choking victim's life. Therefore, successful management relies on prompt and effective first aid administered at the scene to expel the object. Collectively, these factors make this an important topic for GPs.
Interprofessional Education, Collaborative Practice and Primary Care
Authors: Jackson Ann , Bluteau Patricia
Published: March 2011

A diverse range of professionals work within the primary care setting in order to provide for and meet the health and social care needs of patients. Effective communication, collaboration and team working are crucial to ensure that patients receive high-quality cost-effective care. Interprofessional education both at undergraduate and at postgraduate levels has the potential to improve communication, collaboration and team working.
Halomonas xianhensis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a saline soil contaminated with crude oil
Authors: Zhao Baisuo , Wang Hui , Mao Xinwei , Li Ruirui , Zhang Yun-Jiao , Tang Shukun , Li Wen-Jun
Published: March 2011

A Gram-negative, aerobic, short rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium, strain A-1T, was isolated from a saline soil contaminated with crude oil in Xianhe, Shangdong Province, China. Strain A-1T formed yellow colonies, was moderately halophilic and grew with 0.05–27.5 % (w/v) total salts (optimum 5–8 %), at 10–42 °C (optimum 30 °C) and at pH 5.5–9.0 (optimum pH 7.2). The dominant fatty acids (>5 %) were C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), C18 : 1ω7c, C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c and C12 : 0 3-OH and the predominant ubiquinone was Q-9. The genomic DNA G+C content was 67.1 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain A-1T belonged to the genus Halomonas in the class Gammaproteobacteria. The closest relatives were Halomonas lutea YIM 91125T (97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), H. muralis LMG 20969T (95.6 %), H. pantelleriensis AAPT (95.5 %) and H. kribbensis BH843T (95.2 %). DNA–DNA relatedness between strain A-1T and H. lutea CCTCC AB 206093T was 27±3 %. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic features, strain A-1T should be placed in the genus Halomonas as a representative of a novel species. The name Halomonas xianhensis sp. nov. is proposed, with strain A-1T ( = CGMCC 1.6848T  = JCM 14849T) as the type strain.
Evidence of two lineages of the symbiont ‘Candidatus Erwinia dacicola’ in Italian populations of Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) based on 16S rRNA gene sequences
Authors: Savio Claudia , Mazzon Luca , Martinez-Sañudo Isabel , Simonato Mauro , Squartini Andrea , Girolami Vincenzo
Published: March 2011

The close association between the olive flyBactrocera oleae(Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and bacteria has been known for more than a century. Recently, the presence of a host-specific, hereditary, unculturable symbiotic bacterium, designated ‘CandidatusErwinia dacicola’, has been described inside the cephalic organ of the fly, called the oesophageal bulb. In the present study, the 16S rRNA gene sequence variability of ‘Ca.E. dacicola’ was examined within and between 26 Italian olive fly populations sampled across areas where olive trees occur in the wild and areas where cultivated olive trees have been introduced through history. The bacterial contents of the oesophageal bulbs of 314 olive flies were analysed and a minimum of 781 bp of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced. The corresponding host fly genotype was assessed by sequencing a 776 bp portion of the mitochondrial genome. Two ‘Ca. E. dacicola’ haplotypes were found (htA and htB), one being slightly more prevalent than the other (57 %). The two haplotypes did not co-exist in the same individuals, as confirmed by cloning. Interestingly, the olive fly populations of the two main Italian islands, Sicily and Sardinia, appeared to be represented exclusively by the htB and htA haplotypes, respectively, while peninsular populations showed both bacterial haplotypes in different proportions. No significant correlation emerged between the two symbiont haplotypes and the 16 host fly haplotypes observed, suggesting evidence for a mixed model of vertical and horizontal transmission of the symbiont during the fly life cycle.
N‐3‐hydroxyl‐2‐naphthoyl hydrazone derivatives as inhibitors for corrosion of carbon steel in H2SO4 acid solution
Authors: Fouda A.S. , EL‐Sayyad S.A. , Abdallah M.
Published: March 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the inhibiting properties of four N‐3‐hydroxyl‐2‐naphthoyl hydrazone derivatives in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution and to study the mechanism of their action.

Design/methodology/approach

The effect of various parameters on the behavior of these inhibitors has been studied using the weight loss and polarization measurements.

Findings

The inhibiting action of the investigated compounds depends primarily on their concentration and molecular size. The compounds act as mixed type inhibitors and function via adsorption on carbon steel surface, which follows Frumkin adsorption isotherm. The addition of KI, KBr and KSCN to N‐3‐hydroxyl‐2‐naphthoyl hydrazone derivatives had a synergistic effect in enhancing the efficiency of corrosion inhibition.

Originality/value

This paper provides useful information regarding inhibition effect of N‐3‐hydroxyl‐2‐naphthoyl hydrazone derivatives and clarifies the role of the molecular structure and substituents on the inhibition efficiency of these investigated compounds on the corrosion of carbon steel in acidic solutions.
Customization of quality practices: the impact of quality culture
Authors: Jinhui Wu Sarah , Zhang Dongli , Schroeder Roger G.
Published: March 2011

Purpose

This study aims to investigate how firms should customize quality practices to obtain or maintain quality advantage with the development of quality culture. The paper seeks to adopt March's learning framework and to differentiate quality management practices into two bundles: exploitation and exploration.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey dataset, including 238 manufacturing plants located in eight countries and three industries was used to test the hypotheses. The total sample was classified into two groups depending on the maturity of quality culture, and regression analysis was conducted in each of the groups for comparison.

Findings

Data analysis results show that quality exploitation practices are highly related to performance outcome when quality culture has not become a prevailing organization culture. In contrast, quality exploration practices are significantly associated with operations performance after quality culture plays a critical role in organizational culture.

Research limitations/implications

The findings encourage future research on customization of quality management practices.

Practical implications

The findings suggest when it is more appropriate to adopt explorative‐ oriented quality practices and when to adopt exploitative‐oriented quality practices to make quality management programs more effective.

Originality/value

This paper advances the understanding of quality management practices from the context‐dependent perspective. Particularly, the study suggests the selective adoption of certain quality management practices based on the evolvement of quality culture.
Constrained economic design of S control charts for random process shifts
Authors: Castagliola Philippe , Celano Giovanni , Costa Antonio , Fichera Sergio
Published: March 2011

Purpose

The use of control charts to monitor a product quality characteristic requires the selection of their design parameters. To select feasible design parameters, the constraints related to the inspection resources available at the workstation, its configuration and the process operating parameters should be taken into account. The aim of this research is to discuss the design of Shewhart and EWMA control charts monitoring dispersion in the presence of these constraints and for processes characterized by a random shift size.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper the design of the investigated control charts has been intended in a broader sense as the design of a local inspection procedure constrained by a set of resource/environmental process factors characterizing the workstation configuration. An economic objective pursuing the minimization of the total inspection cost has been considered.

Findings

Constraining the design of a control chart is an essential issue to find chart design parameters that can be effectively implemented by quality practitioners. The influence of the process‐operating parameters has been modelled and some guidelines have been suggested through the use of contour plots.

Originality/value

The economic design of control charts has been scarcely implemented by quality practitioners due to the difficulty of adapting them to the multifaceted complexity and constraints present within manufacturing environments. This paper tries to contribute to the existing literature by improving the available mathematical models through modelling the actual workstation configuration and resource allocation; furthermore, for random shift processes it investigates the performance of the Shewhart and EWMA control charts monitoring process dispersion.
Effect of lauric acid‐based Al‐Zr coupling agent on the surface modification of long afterglow phosphors
Authors: Guo B. , Yin P. , Xu J. , Yi F.C. , Dai Y. , Gao Y. , Guo F.Q.
Published: March 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to report on a study which aims to improve the compatibility of the long afterglow phosphors SrMgAl4O8:Eu2+, Dy3+with organic matrix, including its water resistance.

Design/methodology/approach

The phosphors were modified by the lauric acid‐based Al‐Zr coupling agent (CA). Then, they were characterised by attenuated total reflection fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR), pH and electric conductivity in water, scanning electron microscope (SEM), contact angle and fluorescence decay curves before and after modification.

Findings

The pH and electric conductivity displayed the improved water resistance, as the Al‐Zr CA addition increased, and the minimum contact angle with resin decreased from 68.3 to 40.3°C, which showed that the compatibility with organic matrix was enhanced significantly. The afterglow luminous properties were unimpaired.

Research limitations/implications

The researchers are encouraged to test the proposed method and enhance the compatibility further.

Practical implications

This method will extend the applications of phosphors in the paint, coatings, ink and plastics industry.

Originality/value

This paper introduces the lauric acid‐based Al‐Zr CA to modify the luminescent pigments of long afterglow phosphors; it can be also applied to other inorganic powders.
Novel methods to fabricate PbS/poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) composite fibres
Authors: Chen J. , Yang P. , Huang Z. , Wang C. , Wang C.
Published: March 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate three preparation processes and the photoluminescent (PL) properties of PbS/poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) (PPV) composite fibres.

Design/methodology/approach

By the combination of electrospinning technology, chemical vapour deposition and chemical liquid deposition, PbS/PPV composite nanofibres were prepared by three simple methods. The morphologies of the fibres and the PL properties were researched with the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the eclipse fluorescence spectrophotometer.

Findings

By different synthetic methods, the dispersion morphologies of PbS nanoparticles and the PL properties of their respective PbS/PPV composite fibres were different. Moreover, the effects of PbS nanoparticles on the luminescence quenching of the PPV were observed in all the synthesised PbS/PPV composite fibres, respectively.

Research limitations/implications

The dispersion morphologies of PbS nanoparticles were not uniform enough.

Practical implications

A new method was used for preparing nanoparticles/polymer composite fibres.

Originality/value

The combination of electrospinning technology and chemical liquid deposition was used for the first time to fabricate the sulfide/polymer composite fibres. In addition, we hope that the results obtained here will provide some useful evidences for the interaction mechanism between IV‐VI group semiconductors and conjugated polymers, and the prepared composite fibres will have applications in the nano‐optoelectronic field.
Acid corrosion inhibition of copper by mangrove tannin
Authors: Shah A.M. , Rahim A.A. , Yahya S. , Raja P.B. , Hamid S.A.
Published: March 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the corrosion inhibition potential of mangrove (Rhizopora apiculata) tannin in hydrochloric acid medium on copper with the view of developing a natural corrosion inhibitor.

Design/methodology/approach

The mangrove tannin was extracted from the mangrove bark and its anticorrosion potential was studied by weight loss, electrochemical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis.

Findings

It has been found that the mangrove tannin effectively inhibits the corrosion on copper metal in hydrochloric acid solution. The results of the electrochemical and weight loss methods showed that the inhibition efficiency of mangrove tannin increases with increasing its concentration. Inhibition is achieved through the adsorption of tannin molecules onto the copper surface and the adsorption follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. SEM study also supports the adsorption of the inhibitor molecules onto the copper surface.

Originality/value

In this paper, mangrove tannin has been studied for the first time as a potential copper corrosion inhibitor in hydrochloric acid medium. The anticorrosion effect of tannin has been proven by standard methods. This natural inhibitor could find use in industries where copper is used as a fabrication metal.
Integrating supply chain infrastructure and process to create joint value
Authors: McCarthy‐Byrne Teresa M. , Mentzer John T.
Published: March 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the structural and process integration mechanisms used by firms to form a hybrid mode of supply chain governance referred to as supply chain value integration (SCVI).

Design/methodology/approach

The authors employ a multi‐method approach, conducting depth interviews following the grand touring technique to develop the model, and survey methodology to test the model using partial least squares approach for structural path estimation.

Findings

SCVI is a multi‐dimensional concept comprised of two second‐order constructs, SCVI infrastructure and SCVI process, each comprised of three first‐order constructs, that lead to joint value creation and improved supply chain performance.

Practical implications

Dependent suppliers striving to compete on value creation can adopt bonding behavior by establishing an integrative infrastructure comprised of people, technology, and knowledge components, which balances the level of dependence and motivates the customer to engage in integrative processes.

Originality/value

The authors expand on previous models of integration by developing and testing a comprehensive multi‐dimensional theory of SCVI that explains the relationships between resource dependency theory, resource‐based view of the firm, and relational exchange theory.
Cross‐cultural group performance
Authors: Mitchell Rebecca , Boyle Brendan , Nicholas Stephen
Published: March 2011

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the assumption that the impact of cultural diversity on knowledge creating capability is consequent to associated differences in knowledge and perspectives, and suggests that these knowledge differences produce their effect by triggering deliberative, collaborative behaviours.

Design/methodology/approach

To investigate the impact of intervening variables on diversity's impact in teams, the paper assesses whether cognitive heterogeneity operates as a mediating variable between cultural diversity and knowledge creation, and whether debate operates as a second stage mediator. The paper utilises a survey‐based, quantitative approach and collects data from 98 teams, which is analysed using causal steps approach.

Findings

The results provide support for the assumed impact of cognitive heterogeneity and also support the existence of sequential mediation pathway, with debate operating as a second stage mediator between cognitive heterogeneity and knowledge creation.

Originality/value

The paper advances the research on diversity, cross‐cultural team dynamics and knowledge creation in two main ways. First, it investigates the role of team cognitions in the creation of new ideas by cross‐cultural teams. This responds to calls to understand the factors impacting on the performance of diverse teams (Ayoko and Hartel). Second, it incorporates deliberative team processes into the model as a second‐stage mediator, which responds to calls to understand the role of process variables in team knowledge creation efforts (Drach‐Zahavy and Somech).
Knowledge management antecedents and its impact on employee satisfaction
Authors: Singh Ajay Kr. , Sharma Vandna
Published: March 2011

Purpose

Managers in many organizations have indicated that in today's highly competitive environment, knowledge management will be the key to organizational success in this millennium. This paper aims to analyze how the organizational culture and organizational learning impacts knowledge management, and ultimately the satisfaction of employees working in the firm.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey instrument comprising organisational culture ethos, organisational learning diagnostics, KM orientation and employee satisfaction was developed. Through a postal and personal survey, data were collected from the telecom sector in India. The sample included 80 knowledge workers, project managers, team members, consultants, researchers and designers randomly drawn from Indian telecom companies.

Findings

The survey instrument was shown to be both reliable and valid. Statistical analytical tools such asF‐test,t‐test, ANOVA coefficient of correlation and multiple regressions and other descriptive statistics scores have been used. The results of the data analysis revealed sufficient evidence to establish a correlation between organisational culture, organisational learning, KM and employee satisfaction.

Research limitations/implications

The accuracy of the analysis is dependent on the accuracy of the data reported by selected organizations.

Practical implications

The results of this study would help telecom organisations to better understand the KM discipline, to facilitate its adoption and to prioritise its practices. Academics can use the results to build models that would further expand the KM domain.

Originality/value

This study is probably the first to systematically determine the antecedents of KM implementation in the Telecom sector in India. It offers a beneficial source of information to telecom organisations, which are still lagging far behind when it comes to KM practices.
High involvement work practices that really count: perspectives from the UAE
Authors: Behery Mohamed
Published: March 2011

Purpose

The aim of the current study is to examine the impact of high involvement work practices (HIWPs) upon trust and commitment in a non‐Western cultural context, namely the UAE.

Design/methodology/approach

Quantitative, empirical data for the study were collected using self‐administered questionnaires with 600 participants from different service organizations in the UAE. Respondents were asked to provide their perceptions of a range of practices and their impact on trust and commitment.

Findings

The analyses support a model in which a collection of HIWPs positively influenced trust and commitment. In addition, work status and citizenship were used as control variables and played a partially significant role in explaining the effect of those practices on the outcomes.

Research limitations/implications

The findings imply that managers should realize that implementing high involvement policies, and benefiting from them, is not as simple as instituting a single practice. What is required is an organizational culture that cultivates HIWPs.

Originality/value

Since little is known about the process by which UAE organizations promote the HIWPs, this article is the first to examine these issues in a non‐Western setting. Consequently, it contributes to the literature by examining whether the empirical results found in Western environments can be extended to non‐Western contexts.
Target shareholders' wealth creation in domestic and cross‐border acquisitions in India
Authors: Jit Singh Mann Bikram , Kohli Reena
Published: March 2011

Purpose

This paper seeks to compare target shareholders' wealth gains in domestic and cross‐border acquisitions in India. Two existing schools of thought namely, the industrial organizational theory and bid‐specific factors theory have been compared to identify which of these two theories affect the target shareholders' announcement wealth gains in India.

Design/methodology/approach

Standard event study methodology has been applied to compute the announcement returns for domestic and cross‐border acquisitions. Cross‐border effect is calculated to compare the value creation in the two sets of acquisitions. Furthermore, cross‐sectional regression analysis is conducted to capture the impact of bid‐related features on target shareholder's value creation.

Findings

The results indicate that both domestic and cross‐border acquisitions have created value for the target company shareholders on the announcement. Nonetheless, the analysis of cross‐border effect as well as regression analysis makes it evident that value creation is higher for domestic acquisitions as compared to cross‐border acquisitions due to the influence of various bid‐specific factors. Thus, in India, bid‐related variables are the fundamental drivers of the target's announcement wealth gains irrespective of the nationality of the acquirer.

Originality/value

The paper extends the discussion on the target's wealth creation in domestic and cross‐border acquisitions by segregating the existing literature into two schools of thoughts namely, the industrial organizational school and bid‐specific factors school in an emerging economy like India. Moreover, various reasons specific to Indian mergers and acquisitions have been forwarded to explain the subdued market reaction to cross‐border acquisitions.