bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PSIII-34 Maternal disposition as related to calf weaning performance using chute scores
Authors: Sims Michael , Beck Paul A , Stewart Cyril B , Cauble Reagan
Published: December 2019

Cow disposition has been reported to impact calf performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cow disposition at calving to calf weaning performance. Data were collected from four University of Arkansas research locations on both spring and fall calving herds between August 2017 and May 2018.Cow behavior was observed at calving and received a disposition score (CDS) taken on a 5-point scale where a score of 1 was highly aggressive, and a 5 was apathetic. Calf birthweight (BW), birthdate, and sex were also noted. At weaning, calf weight (WW) was recorded and used to calculate a 205-day adjusted weaning weight (AWW). Calf chute behavior (CS) was taken on a 5-point scale; a score of 1 was indicative of a calm exit, and a 5 was aggressive when exiting the chute. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Significance was declared at P ≤ 0.05. Cow Disposition Score had an effect on calf BW (P = 0.0037). Cows that received a disposition score of 2 or 3 had greater calf BW than those who had a disposition score of 4 (P = 0.0021) and (P = 0.0017), respectively. Cow Disposition Score had no effect on calf WW or AWW. Chute Score had an effect on WW (P ≤ 0.05). Calves with a CS of 1 had higher WW than those who had a CS of 2 or 3 (P = 0.028) and (P = 0.005), respectively. Chute Score had an effect on AWW (P = 0.003). Calves that received a CS of 1 had higher AWW than those who had a CS of 2 or 3 (P = 0.0023) and (P = 0.0002), respectively. This study indicates that cows with more aggressive dispositions at calving and calves who had calmer dispositions at weaning had higher performance.
PSI-13 Allometric growth patterns in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) show no significant increase in total carcass meat yield
Authors: Vanderhout Ryley J , Baes Christine F , Mohr Jeff S , Wood Ben J
Published: December 2019

The body composition of livestock has been shown to change over time. Generally, bone maturation occurs first, followed by muscle growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth patterns of the most economically significant carcass components (pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, thigh, drum, and rack) in a commercial strain of turkeys. Live body weights and carcass component weights were collected on 1688 toms and 1085 hens between 2012 and 2017. Toms and hens were slaughtered between 109–149 days and 91–114 days of age, respectively. Yield values were calculated for each carcass component as a percentage of the live body weight. Regression coefficients (b) were calculated by regressing yield values on the age of the animal at slaughter. P. major and P. minor yield increased with age, though at different rates, for both toms (b=0.120, P < 0.01 and 0.003, P < 0.01, respectively) and hens (b=0.089, P < 0.01 and 0.020, P < 0.01, respectively). Tom drum and rack yield decreased with age (b=-0.012, P < 0.01 and -0.104, P < 0.01, respectively). Hen drum yield also decreased with age (b=-0.018, P < 0.01), while hen rack yield was found to not be significant from zero. Toms and hens showed similar trends of increasing breast yield with age and an equal combined decline in other carcass component yields. Thus resulting in a small significant increase in hen carcass meat yield (b=0.080, P < 0.01) and no significant increase in tom carcass meat yield (b=0.005, P > 0.01) which were both expected to increase with age given expected body composition changes over time. Strong selection for breast meat yield and the observed negative correlations between breast muscle yield and thigh and drum yields are likely the cause of this trend. Further research should investigate the use of carcass meat yield or other carcass component yields in turkey breeding programs.
PSI-10 Establishing a foundation to harvest the potential of the microbiome in poultry production
Authors: Marcolla Camila S , Willing Benjamin
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to characterize poultry microbiota composition in commercial farms using 16S rRNA sequencing. Animals raised in sanitized environments have lower survival rates when facing pathogenic challenges compared to animals naturally exposed to commensal organisms. We hypothesized that intensive rearing practices inadvertently impair chicken exposure to microbes and the establishment of a balanced gut microbiota. We compared gut microbiota composition of broilers (n = 78) and layers (n = 20) from different systems, including commercial intensive farms with and without in-feed antibiotics, organic free-range farms, backyard-raised chickens and chickens in an experimental farm. Microbial community composition of conventionally raised broilers was significantly different from antibiotic-free broilers (P = 0.012), from broilers raised outdoors (P = 0.048) and in an experimental farm (P = 0.006) (Fig1). Significant community composition differences were observed between antibiotic-fed and antibiotic-free chickens (Fig2). Antibiotic-free chickens presented higher alpha-diversity, higher relative abundance of Deferribacteres, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, and lower relative abundance of Firmicutes, Clostridiales and Enterobacteriales than antibiotic-fed chickens (P < 0.001) (Fig3). Microbial community composition significantly changed as birds aged. In experimental farm, microbial community composition was significant different for 7, 21 and 35 day old broilers (P < 0.001), and alpha diversity increased from 7 to 21d (P < 0.024), but not from 21 to 35d; whereas, in organic systems, increases in alpha-diversity were observed from 7d to 21d, and from 21d to 35d (P < 0.05). Broilers and layers raised together showed no differences in microbiota composition and alpha diversity (P > 0.8). It is concluded that production practices consistently impact microbial composition, and that antibiotics significantly reduces microbial diversity. We are now exploring the impact of differential colonization in a controlled setting, to determine the impact of the microbes associated with extensively raised chickens. This study will support future research and the development of methods to isolate and introduce beneficial microbes to commercial systems.
PSXIV-33 α-chaconine induces myogenesis of bovine satellite cells but less affect adipogenesis of adipocytes
Authors: Chung Ki Yong , Lee Eun Mi , Kwon Eung Gi , Kang Dong Hun , Han Man Hi
Published: December 2019

α-chaconine is a steroidal glycoalkaloid compound found in leaves, fruit and tubers of the solanaceae family such as potato, tomato, and eggplant. α-chaconine poisoning was reported in various animal models such as mice, rabbit, and chicken. However, previous study indicated that it is used to induce performance of beef cattle. We hypothesized that α-chaconine may affect myogenesis of bovine satellite cells but less affect adipogenesis of bovine adipocytes. Bovine satellite cells (BSC) were pronase-liberated from semimembranosus (SM) and longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle tissues of three new-born Hanwoo calves. Bovine preadipocytes were isolated from perirenal (PR) adipose tissues. BSC and preadipocytes were incubated with dulbecco modified eagle medium (DMEM) with 10% fetal bovine serum for proliferation. BSC induced differentiation with DMEM with 3% horse serum and preadipocytes induced differentiation with DMEM with insulin, dexamethasone, and ciglitazone. Cells were treated with various levels of α-chaconine (control, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10μM). mRNA abundance for myosin heavy chain 2X (MHC2X), glucose transportor 4 (GLUT4), β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) were measured by real-time quantitative PCR. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using the MIXED model, each treatment performed in triplicated. Means were considered different at P < 0.05. Relative MHC2X mRNA abundance was greater in BSC with dose-titrated chaconine treatments compared to the control (P < 0.05). Relative levels of β2-AR were greater in both BSC and adipocytes based on dose-dependent treatements (P < 0.05). The levels of PPARγ and SCD have no dose-titrated treatments in bovine PR adipocytes (P > 0.05). These result indicated that α-chaconine have a dose-dependent effect on MHC2X and β2-AR mRNA BSC and adipocytes but did not affect to adipogenesis in bovine PR adipocytes.
PSVII-35 Fecal innocula from horses fed DigestaWell® Fiber improves in-vitro dry matter digestibility of commercial hays in horses
Authors: Perron Brittany S , Wagner Ashley L , Boyd Jamie A , Medina Bertrand , Girard Ivan , Gutierrez Noheli , Burt Justin C , Splan Rebecca K
Published: December 2019

Enhanced microbial activity in the equine hindgut increases nutrient availability, reduces fecal waste, and adds value to low quality forages. The encapsulated dietary supplement DigestaWell® Fiber (DF; fibrolytic cofactors, methionine, B vitamins) has been shown to improve in-vitro digestibility measures of common hays fed to horses. However, its in-vivo effect on dry matter (DMd) and ADF digestibility (ADFd) is unknown. The objectives of this study were to test whether fecal innocula from horses fed DF would result in improved DMd or ADFd relative to innocula from unsupplemented horses consuming alfalfa or coastal bermudagrass hays. Utilizing a crossover design, four Quarter Horse mares were fed 2% BW daily alfalfa hay (AF; 32.8% NDF, 27.1% ADF) or coastal bermudagrass hay (CB; 63.2% NDF, 35.4% ADF), with or without oral DF supplementation (32 g/d), for 14d. Fresh feces were collected to serve as inoculum in an ANKOM Daisy II incubator at 37.5°C to determine in-vitro DMd and ADFd at 48h or 72h. Forage samples were run in triplicate. Data were transformed to approximate normality, then analyzed using a repeated measures mixed model in SAS with main effects of forage, treatment, incubation time, feeding period, and significant interactions. Across forages and incubation times, in-vivo DF supplementation improved DMd (P < 0.01). Across incubation times, DF improved ADFd of both AF (P < 0.0001) and CB (P = 0.04), but not DMd. Across forages, DF improved both DMd and ADFd at 48h (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively) but not at 72h (P = 0.29 and P = 0.27, respectively). Taken together, and combined with previous findings, these results provide further evidence that DF improves forage digestibility, presumably due to improved microbial fermentation in the equine hindgut.
PSVII-19 Transcriptomic analysis of the liver of laying hens fed diets containing supplemental fat at early laying stages
Authors: Han Gi Ppeum , Park Geun Hyeon , Kim Jong Hyuk , Choi Hyeon Seok , Kang Hwan Ku , Kil Dong Yong
Published: December 2019

Feeding diets containing supplemental fat to laying hens is reported to ameliorate pathogenesis of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS). However, molecular mechanisms for this positive effect have not been investigated. Thus, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis of the liver of laying hens fed diets containing supplemental fat at early laying stages. Two dietary treatments included basal diets with no supplemental fat and basal diets supplemented with 3.0% tallow. A total of 256 18-week-old Hy-line Brown laying hens were allotted to 1 of 2 treatments. Diets were fed to hens for 12 weeks. At the end of the experiment (30 weeks of age), 5 hens with similar BW per treatment were euthanized to collect liver tissues. The cDNA libraries were constructed with extracted RNA from the liver tissues, and sequenced using the Illumina Nextseq 500 sequencer. Genes with False Discovery Rate (FDR) < 0.05 were defined as differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Results indicated that a total of 951 DEGs were identified, with 483 being up-regulated and 468 being down-regulated in the liver of hens fed diets containing 3.0% tallow. The KEGG analysis revealed that the DEGs belong to several biological pathways such as cellular signaling pathways, carbon metabolism, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, TCA cycle, amino acid metabolism, drug metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Especially for fatty acid metabolism, the DEGs associated with fatty acid degradation (ECI2, ACSL1, HADHA, EHHADH, ACOX1, CPT1) were up-regulated, whereas those related to fatty acid synthesis (ACACA, ACSL5, FASN) were down-regulated in the liver of hens fed diets containing 3.0% tallow, which indicates that supplemental fat in diets may increase fat oxidation but decrease fat synthesis in the liver. These results provide the molecular insights for hepatic lipid metabolisms by feeding diets containing supplemental fat to laying hens at early laying stages.
PSXI-8 Effect of guava extract supplementation of japanese quail breeder (Coturnix coturnix japonica) on quality of neonate quail hatched by eggs storaged at different periods pre-incubation
Authors: Mello Heloisa Helena C , Xavier Hyara Paula Fleuri , Mascarenhas Alessandra Gimenez , Leandro Nadja Suzana Mogyca , da Conceição Edemilson Cardoso , Pinheiro Angelica Louredo
Published: December 2019

The objective was to evaluate the use of guava extract (Psidium guajava L.) as an antioxidant additive in the diets of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) in laying phase and to verify the quality of neonate quail hatched by eggs stored at different periods pre-incubation. The experiment was conduced at Federal University of Goias. A four hundred and thirty-two (432) eggs of layer Japanese quails fed with guava extract (contained 2.13% ellagic acid) in the diet were incubated in a completely randomized design, in a single-stage incubator. Temperature of 37°C and humidity of 65% was manteined. The eggs were distributed in 4x2 factorial design (levels of guava extract and stored pre-incubation period) with 54 replicates, each egg being considered an experimental unit. Four levels of guava extract were added in the ration of the breeders (0.0%, 0.3%, 0.6% and 0.9%) and two stored pre-incubation period (three and nine days) were studied. The quail neonate quality and intestinal development were analyzed. The results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test at 5% probability. To score quality was used Fisher exact test. The egg weight, neonate quail weight and quail lenght were lower when eggs were stored for nine days (P < 0.05) independent of levels of guava extract in breeder diets. The quality of neonate quail was not influenced by guava extract and stored pre-incubation period. The use of 0.9% guava extract as an antioxidant resulted in higher crypt depth in quails hatched from eggs stored for nine days. It is possible that antioxidant effect of el-lagic acid preserved the lipidic structures of the intestinal villi during the stored pre-incubation period. It is concluded that the use of 0.9% inclusion of guava extract in layer quail diets enhanced the intestinal development of the neonate quail but did not improve quality of neonate quail.
PSXI-29 Assessing enteric methane emissions from Nellore and Angus-Nellore crossbred cattle in a tropical, intensive beef cattle production system
Authors: Maciel Isabella Cristina F , Barbosa Fabiano A , Tomich Thierry R , Alvarenga Ramon C , Ferreira Ludhiana R , Rowntree Jason , Thompson Logan R , Lana Ângela Maria Q
Published: December 2019

Crossbreeding has been used to improve performance in beef cattle; however, the effects of breed composition on methane production, yield and intensity from cattle in a tropical intensive system remain unknown. To assess the impact of breed composition on enteric methane emissions, Nellore (NE; yr 1: BW = 171.5 ± 19.4 kg; n = 10; yr 2: BW = 215.8 ± 32.3 kg, n = 25) and Angus-Nellore crossbred (AN; yr 1: BW = 214.2 ± 26.4 kg, n = 10; yr 2: BW = 242.5 ± 32.2 kg, n = 25) were compared. At trial onset, 10 mo old steers grazed Megathyrsus maximus ‘Mombaça’ in the grazing period (GP) and then were finished in a feedlot (FL) (35:65% corn silage:concentrate diet). Steers (n = 8) from each breed composition were randomly selected in GP and FL to measure CH4 production using a sulfur hexafluoride technique and DMI using titanium dioxide. The NE produced 19% less CH4 than AN in GP (17.21 vs 21.17 kg, P < 0.01), and no difference was observed in FL (22.34 vs 22.67 kg, P > 0.10). However, in FL, NE had greater CH4 intensity (CH4/ADG) compared to AN (122.76 vs 97.49 g/kg, P < 0.01). Furthermore, CH4/carcass weight was greater for NE than AN (0.079 vs 0.067 g/kg CW, P < 0.01). Breed composition did not influence CH4 yield (CH4/DMI) in either phase. The percentage CH4/GEI (Ym) for GP was higher for AN than NE (4.5 vs 3.8%), but lower than the IPCC recommended Ym of 6.5%. In FL, Ym was similar between breed composition (5.0%) and greater than the IPCC Ym of 3%. In our study the introduction of Angus into Nellore has potential to reduce CH4 intensity in tropical climates, resulting in less methane emission per kg beef produced.
PSXI-2 A computer vision system for feed bunk management in beef cattle feedlot
Authors: Dorea João R R , Cheong Sek
Published: December 2019

Feed bunk scoring is a common management practice in feedlots. Usually, the bunk score is assigned visually by a trained person. However, the subjectivity of bunk scoring and inconsistency across bunk readers can result in excessive variation on feed delivery. Such variation can result on feed waste, sub-optimal animal performance, and increased incidence of metabolic disorders. The objective of this study was to develop an artificial intelligence system to perform bunk management in real-time. RGB-cameras were installed above the feed bunk in a commercial feedlot, and a total of 4,280 images were acquired, together with visual bunk scores with four categories: empty (no feed remaining), low (scattered feed remaining), medium (30–50% of feed remaining), and full (> 50% of feed remaining). Cattle behavior at the feed bunk was also classified into four classes: empty (no cattle at the feed bunk); low (< 30% bunk occupied); medium (30–70% feed bunk occupied); full (above 70% feed bunk occupied). The labeled images were then used for model training and a new set of 105 images were used for validation. A deep neural network (DNN) called ResNet was implemented to generate the predictions using a transfer learning with weights from the ImageNet dataset. A cloud computing system was developed to acquire, process and store images every 15 minutes, and implement real-time predictions of bunk score and cattle behavior. Prediction accuracies across bank score categories were: 81.8% (empty), 82.4% (low), 88.8% (medium), and 90% (full). For cattle behavior, accuracies were: 83.7% (empty), 66.6% (low), 71.4% (medium), and 86.6% (full). Combining feed bunk score and cattle behavior can provide an important decision-making tool to improve nutritional management in beef cattle feedlot. The use of artificial intelligence can allow the development of fully automated real-time systems to enhance livestock operations.
PSXI-34 Supplementation of grazing Nellore beef heifers during mid-to-late gestation as a strategy to improve skeletal muscle development of the offspring
Authors: Paula Rones G De , Zervoudakis Joanis T , Hatamoto-Zervoudakis Luciana K , Souza Marcos A , Paula Nelcino F De , borges Ana Paula S , Machado-Neto Otávio , Costa Caroline P
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate supplementation effects of grazing heifers during mid-to-late of gestation on skeletal muscle development and performance of the progeny until weaning. One hundred and eighty Nellore beef heifers confirmed pregnant (timed AI) to a single sire were allotted to a completely randomized design with 2 treatments. Ninety heifers were fed only mineral (control) and the other 90 were fed a protein supplement (44.5% CP, 0.15% BW) from 90 to 274 days of gestation. Cows were grazed on Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu pastures (5% CP and 64% NDF). At calving, cow–calf pairs were commingled and grazed on the same pasture until weaning. At 30 days after birth, a biopsy was performed to obtain samples of skeletal muscle tissue (Semitendinosus) from calves to determine the number and size of muscle ﬁbre. Least squares mean for all data were computed using PROC MIXED of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). Calves from heifers supplemented with protein had greater birth BW (P < 0.001), ADG (P = 0.0147) and BW at 155 d (P = 0.0016) compared with calves from heifers not supplemented. However, calf BW at weaning (P = 0.1508) and gain from birth to weaning (P = 0.1446) did not differ. On the other hand, calves born from dams supplemented with protein had greater muscle ﬁbre number (P = 0.0262), larger diameter of the fiber (P < 0.001), and smaller diameter of the fiber (P < 0.001) compared with calves from heifers not supplemented, although did not differ for mean fiber diameter (P = 0.8079). Fiber volume, fiber perimeter, and volume/area ratio were also affected (P < 0.001) by prepartum supplementation, and were greater on calves whose dams were fed with protein. In conclusion, supplementation of pregnant Nellore heifers with protein during the dry season improves calf birth BW, and promotes hyperplasia and hypertrophy in the skeletal muscle of the offspring.
PSXII-1 Effects of early weaning on feed intake, growth performance, and diarrhea rate of Hu lambs
Authors: Wang Shiqin , Diao Qiyu , Cui Kai , Bi Yanliang , Zhang Naifeng
Published: December 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of early weaning on growth performance, feed intake and diarrhea rate of Hu lambs, and establish the experimental model of early weaning stress in lambs. A total of 60 neonatal male Hu lambs were randomly allotted into 10 pens and 6 lambs in each pen with their ewes. Five pens of lambs were weaned at 21days of age as early weaning group (EW group), and the other 5 pens of lambs were remained with their ewes as control group (CON group). Body weight (BW) were recorded at birth (d0) and at d7, 14, 21, 22, 24, 26, 28, 35,42 and 49 after birth. Solid feed intake of lambs in each pen was recorded and diarrhea incidence was also monitored on daily basis. Data was analyzed using the MIXED model of SAS, and statistical significance was determined at P < 0.05. There was no difference in BW at birth and d21 between the two groups of lambs (P > 0.05). However, BW and average daily gain (ADG) of the lambs in EW group were significantly lower than those in CON group (P < 0.01) since weaning. Solid feed intake of the lambs in EW group were obviously higher than that in CON group (P < 0.01). In addition, the diarrhea rate was significantly higher than that in CON group from d21 to d35 (P < 0.01). The results indicated that lambs weaned at d21 showed strong stress response by significantly decreasing in BW and ADG, and had more feed intake but higher diarrhea rate. Future study is warranted to determine the changes in gut microbiota and barrier function to assess the mechanism of early weaning on health status and growth performance of lambs, and to investigate nutritional intervention methods to alleviate weaning stress.
PSXII-3 Impact of a fibrolytic enzyme additive on digestibility and performance in the grower and early finisher phases of feedlot cattle
Authors: Williams Melissa S , AlZahal Ousama , Mandell Ira B , McBride Brian W
Published: December 2019

The objective of this study was to examine if a fibrolytic enzyme feed additive would improve animal performance and apparent total tract digestibility of fibre in feedlot rations. To meet these objectives 54 steers were assigned to one of three pens by weight and fed a corn-based grower (78.7% corn-silage and 20% dried distillers grains plus solubles, DM basis) diet for 80 days, followed by a finisher diet (60% high moisture corn, 20% DDGS, and 17% alfalfa haylage, DM basis) for 60 days. Steers were randomly assigned to control (CON; n = 27) or enzyme (ENZ; n = 27) treatments, with ENZ steers receiving 0.75 ml/kg DM of the enzyme additive. Every 28 days body weight, ultrasound measures of back and rump fat depths were recorded, and blood was collected via jugular venipuncture. Ruminal pH was monitored using a reticulo-ruminal in-dwelling probe and recorded at five minutes intervals over three weeks each in the grower phase and through the transition. Apparent total tract digestibility was measured using acid-insoluble ash as an internal marker. Data were analyzed as a complete randomized block design using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS, with treatment as a fixed effect, and block as a random effect. Adding ENZ during the grower and early finisher phases did not impact (P ≥ 0.05) animal performance traits (gains, feed intake, feed conversion), blood metabolites, or ruminal pH in grower or finisher periods. However, ENZ significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, sugar, and net energy of gains. This study has demonstrated that the use of this fibrolytic enzyme in a corn-based feedlot diet improved digestibility of some nutrients, but this did not result in improved steer performance.
PSXII-18 The influence of molybdenum in drinking water or feed on apparent absorption and retention of molybdenum and copper in beef steers
Authors: Thorndyke Meghan P , Tillquist Nicole M , Jones Nicole M , Engle Terry
Published: December 2019

Twelve Angus steers (BW 694.1 ± 47.4 kg) fitted ruminal cannulae were used to examine the effect of molybdenum (Mo) supplemented in drinking water or feed on apparent absorption and retention of Mo and copper (Cu). Steers were fed a low-quality grass hay diet (DM basis: 6.5% CP; 0.13% S, 3.4 mg Cu/kg, 2.4 mg Mo/kg) for 14 d. Steers were then housed in individual metabolism stalls for 3 d to determine DMI. Steers were then blocked by BW and DMI and randomly assigned within block to one of three treatments (n = 4 steers per treatment). Treatments consisted of: 1) Control (no supplemental Mo); 2) 5.0 mg Mo/kg DM from sodium molybdate dihydrate (Mo-diet), and 3) 1.5 mg Mo/l from sodium molybdate dihydrate delivered in the drinking water (Mo-water). After the 3d DMI determination period, total fecal and urine output was collected for 5 d. Dry matter intake and DM digestibility were similar across treatments. Data were analyzed using a mixed effects model (PROC MIXED, SAS) for a completely randomized block design. Apparent absorption of Cu was greater (P < 0.05) in Control and Mo-water steers when compared to Mo-diet steers. Apparent retention of Cu was greater (P < 0.05) in Control steers when compared to Mo-diet steers. Steers receiving Mo-water had a similar apparent retention of Cu when compared to Control and Mo-diet steers. By design, treatment was a significant (P < 0.01) source of variation for Mo intake. Control steers had lesser (P < 0.05) Mo intake when compared to Mo-diet and Mo-water supplemented steers. Apparent absorption and retention of Mo were greater (P < 0.05) in Mo-diet steers compared to Control and Mo-water steers. These data indicate that Mo metabolism and apparent absorption of Cu are different when Mo is supplemented in water relative to feed.
PSXII-37 Effects of different sources of monensin on performance and carcass traits of feedlot beef cattle
Authors: Fernandes Juliano José R , Teixeira Daniel Augusto A , Bomfim Lorena E L M , Couto Victor R M , Lopes Catarina N
Published: December 2019

This study evaluated the effects of monensin source on performance and carcass characteristics of Nellore bulls offered a high-concentrate diet during the finishing phase. On d 0 of the study, 240 Nellore bulls (initial BW = 363.2 ± 40.9 kg) were ranked and blocked according to initial BW, whereas within blocks animals were allotted into pens and randomly assigned into 1 of 3 treatments: 1) no ionophore feeding (CONT), 2) CONT diet plus 28 ppm (mg/kg DM) of monensin sodium-A (Rumensin ™ -200; Elanco Animal Health), and 3) CONT diet plus 28 ppm monensin sodium-B (generic). The experimental period lasted 104 d and was divided into a 21-d adaptation period and an 83-d finishing phase. During the adaptation phase, both monensin sources increased (P ≤ 0.01) BW change, ADG, and F:G ratio, reducing the DMI variation (P = 0.02). When the entire experimental period was evaluated, no treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.26) on final BW, BW change, total DMI, DMI as % BW, and ADG. Nonetheless, DMI variation was reduced as monensin was included in the diet (P = 0.01) and, as expected, only MON-A improved the efficiency of the animals by reducing the F:G ratio (P = 0.05) compared with CONT and by reducing (P = 0.05) the biological efficiency when compared with the MON-B group. Additionally, carcass ADG tended (P = 0.10) to be greater for MON-A compared with MON-B, no other differences in the carcass characteristics were observed (P ≥ 0.53). In summary, monensin feeding reduced DMI variation in the feedlot, but the source of monensin is important for the feedlot scenario, given that only MON-A significantly benefited the performance during the finishing phase of Nellore bulls offered a high-concentrate diet.
PSXIV-9 Effect of monensin, a blend of essential oils and Lithothamnium calcareum over two racial groups in finishing cattle diets
Authors: Guerreiro Pedro , Meschiatti Murillo A , Monteiro Ludmila de Souza , Gouvêa Vinícius , Santos Flavio
Published: December 2019

This study aimed the evaluation of the effects of three feed additives – sodium monensin (MON; 32 mg/kg DM), Lithothamnium calcareum plus sodium monensim (LC+MON; LithoNutri® 5g/kg DM + 32 mg/kg DM) or a blend of essential oils (BEO; BioPhitus® 0.3g/kg DM) – and its interaction with two ratial groups of beef cattle – Nellore (NEL) vs. Crossbreds (CROSS) – on a finishing diet. Ninety Nellore bulls (initial BW = 394 ± 34 kg) and ninety crossbreds (initial BW = 406 ± 31 kg), were fed for 112 days, diets containing 8.5% sugarcane bagasse, 42.2% of fine ground corn, 41.7% of citrus pulp, 5% of soybean meal, 1.3% of urea, 0.35% of sodium chloride and 0.95% of minerals and vitamins. Treatments were NEL+MON; NEL+LC+MON; NEL+BEO; CROSS+MON; CROSS+LC+MON; CROSS+BEO in a randomized complete block with a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement (2 racial groups and 3 feed additives). There were no interactions between racial groups and feed additives (P > 0.05). Regardless of the additive used there were no differences in final BW (P = 0.237), ADG (P = 0.610), HCW (P = 0.120) or dressing (P = 0.095). Animals fed LC+MON had lower DMI (P < 0.01) than animals fed MON or BEO (7.74 kg, 8.64 kg, 9.26 kg, respectively). However, feed efficiency (G:F) of LC+MON did not differ from MON. Animals fed diets with BEO had lower G:F than animals fed diets with MON or LC+MON (P < 0.01; 0.1382, 0.1469 and 0.1550 respectively). Animals fed diets with MON or LC+MON were 6.3% and 12% more efficient than animals fed with BEO. Crossbred bulls had higher DMI (P < 0.001), ADG (P < 0.001), FBW (P < 0.001) and HCW (P < 0.001) than Nellore bulls. In summary, LC reduced DMI not altering feed efficiency. Diets containing BEO reduced G:F of the animals when compared with animals receiving diets containing MON.
PSX-30 Influence of cut, breed type and supplementation on consumer ratings of pasture-raised lamb
Authors: O’Brien Dahlia , Wildeus Stephan , Nartea Theresa , Lee Jung
Published: December 2019

Consumer ratings and influence of cut, breed type and feed supplementation on sensory attributes of lamb meat were investigated. Lamb cuts (leg, loin, rib and foreshank) were obtained from purebred hair sheep (PB; n = 18; Barbados Blackbelly or St. Croix) and crossbred wool × hair sheep ram lambs (CB; n = 17; Dorset × Barbados Blackbelly or Dorset × St. Croix) rotationally grazed for 77 d in late spring on tall fescue only (PS) or supplemented with soy hull (SH) or corn gluten (CG) at 2.0% of BW (DM basis) at individual feeding stations. Lambs were harvested at 10 mo of age. Customers (n = 170) of a local food hub randomly received two different cuts of lamb and were asked to complete a survey rating each cut for qualitative characteristics (1=extremely undesirable to 9=extremely desirable) before and after cooking. Customer demographics and diet habits were also recorded. Responses were analyzed using PROC NPAR1WAY and GLM procedures of SAS; survey response rate was 66% (113/170). Cut of lamb did not influence attributes. Breed type affected pre-cooking aroma (CB > PB; P < 0.05); tended to affect pre-cooking quality (CB > PB; P = 0.07); and affected after-cooking texture (PB > CB; P < 0.01). Diet affected (P < 0.05) pre-cooking texture (SH > CG > PS; P < 0.02) and tended to influence after cooking juiciness (PS < SH = CG; P = 0.09). Before-cooking attributes were influenced by a breed x diet interaction (P < 0.05) with CB x PS and PB x CG consistently receiving lower scores for color, texture, appearance, quality and ease of preparation. After-cooking aroma was lower (P < 0.05) for CB x SH and PB x PS compared to PB x CG lambs only. Results indicate that breed type and supplementation, but not type of cut, selectively influenced consumer sensory ratings of pasture raised hair sheep lamb.
PSX-31 Effects of substitution of corn and soybean meal with dried distiller’s grains and solubles (DDGS) in legume based diets on lamb feed intake, body weight gain and blood metabolites
Authors: Lyte Kianna E , Kouakou Brou , Lee Jung
Published: December 2019

In the United States, bioethanol is generated from corn and biodiesel from soybean oil to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. Ethanol production generates DDGS, high in bypass protein and soluble carbohydrates, which can be used as a cheaper alternative replacement for corn and soybean. This experiment was conducted to evaluate voluntary feed intake, body weight gain and blood metabolites of lambs fed legume-based diets supplemented with corn and soybean meal or dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS). Animals were individually housed in pens (1.52 mx 1.52 m) under a modified carport shed with woodchips as bedding. They were stratified into four groups (n = 9) with similar weights and standard deviation and randomly assigned to four treatments. The lambs were fed ground sericea hay (SL) or alfalfa meal (ALF) with either corn and soybean meal (control) or DDGS for 60 days. Treatments were SLC, SLDDGS, ALFC and AFLDDGS. The lambs were fed ad libitum based on their selected treatment and given water daily. At the end of the 60 days, weights and blood samples were collected. Plasma samples were analyzed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Data were analyzed using Proc Mix Procedure of SAS. Results indicated that replacing corn with DDGS did not (P > 0.05) affect voluntary feed intake, final live weight and carcass weight. Blood NEFA and glucose were not affected by dietary treatments. BUN increased in lambs fed alfalfa with corn and soybean meal compared to animals fed either legume supplemented with DDGS. Similarly animals fed sericea have lower (P < 0.05) BUN (19 vs 23 mg/dL) when corn and soybean meal were replaced with DDGS. DDGS can be used in legume diets for growing lambs in replacement for corn and soybean meal.
Impact of Profound Burn on the Quality of Life of Women Attended at the Referral Outpatient Clinic in the State of Pernambuco
Authors: Freitas Shirley Maria Santos Mergulhão , Lima Cláudia Fonseca , Albuquerque Ana Karlla , Freitas Júnior Ricardo Altino , Souza Gustavo Fonseca Albuquerque , Souza Alex Sandro Rolland
Published: December 2019

Analyze the influence of deep-degree burns on the quality of life (QoL) of women at treatment in ambulatory after hospital discharge. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a reference public hospital for burns in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, from August 2017 to May 2018. Fifty adult women over 20 years old who suffered deep burns and were in outpatient rehabilitation treatment were included. The variables studied were biological, sociodemographic, and clinical. The dynamometry and goniometry tests and the instruments to verify the QV Burn-Specific Health Scale–Revised were included in the analysis. Multiple linear regression models were fitted to identify factors associated with the six domains of the QoL instrument. The results identified a greater negative influence of burns on the QoL of women when associated with the variables: dark-black skin color, low levels of education, low income, motion impairment in right upper limb and lesions less than 6 months in the face, head and neck region. It should be noticed that the overall QoL score presented a median of 92.0, a score considered high, revealing an important QoL impairment. Deep-degree burn victims had a great impact on physical, emotional, and psychological abilities, acting harmfully on their self-image and causing difficulties in the execution of their daily and professional life activities, which are reinforced by aspects such as social position, level of education, and extent and duration of injury, resulting in a low QoL.
Multidisciplinary Treatment to Restore Vision in Ocular Burns
Authors: Christensen Joani M , Shanbhag Swapna S , Shih Grace C , Goverman Jeremy , Pomahac Bohdan , Chodosh James , Ehrlichman Richard J
Published: December 2019

Periorbital burns generate contraction and distortion of periorbital soft tissue, causing eyelid malfunction, further contributing to loss of vision from corneal scarring or perforation. We present our multidisciplinary algorithm to restore vision in patients with burn-related bilateral corneal blindness with light perception. Chart review was performed for four consecutive burn patients requiring periocular reconstruction and keratoprosthesis. Initial treatment included globe coverage with eyelid releases and grafts. Strategy of corneal replacement was determined by eyelid position and function and sufficiency of tear production. All patients were corneal blind with light perception only and cicatricial ectropion. The eye with better visual prognosis was reconstructed. Eyelid reconstruction procedures consisted of lid releases with full-thickness skin graft (FTSG) or split-thickness skin graft (STSG). Two patients regained adequate lid function and underwent standard keratoprosthesis placement. Two underwent mucous membrane grafts followed by keratoprosthesis. All patients experienced improved postoperative vision in their reconstructed eye. Corneal injury due to periocular burns can lead to blindness. Early involvement of ophthalmology, protective measures, and early ectropion release are critical. For severe burns, a multidisciplinary approach, where adequate globe protection is followed by keratoprosthesis placement, can effectively restore vision in patients with burn-related corneal blindness.
Buying First or Selling First in Housing Markets
Authors: Moen Espen R , Nenov Plamen T , Sniekers Florian
Published: December 2019

Housing transactions by moving homeowners take two steps—buying a new house and selling the old one. This paper argues that the transaction sequence decisions of moving homeowners have important effects on the housing market. Moving homeowners prefer to buy first whenever there are more buyers than sellers in the market. However, this congests the buyer side of the market and increases the buyer–seller ratio, further strengthening the incentives of other moving owners to buy first. This endogenous strategic complementarity leads to multiple steady state equilibria and large fluctuations, which are broadly consistent with stylized facts about the housing cycle.
Information is power: ruling C-239/18 and the informative obligation of official bodies vis-à-vis plant variety right holders within the framework of the agricultural exemption*
Authors: López Ángela Martínez
Published: December 2019

Case C-239/18, Saatgut-Treuhandverwaltungs GmbH v Freistaat Thüringen, Court of Justice of the European Union, judgment of 17 October 2019, EC?>LI?>:?>E?>U?>:?>C?>:?>2019:869

The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), in case C-239/18 Saatgut-Treuhandverwaltungs GmbH v Freistaat Thüringen (henceforth, ‘Freistaat Thüringen’), shed light on the scope of the information that official bodies must facilitate further to the request of a plant variety right holder within the framework of the so-called ‘agricultural exemption’ (commonly referred to as ‘farm-saved-seed’ privilege). For holders, knowledge of the users (and concrete use by such) of the agricultural exemption is of paramount importance in guaranteeing a tangible base upon which to enforce their right to remuneration from these users.
Radio stream aggregator TuneIn held to infringe rightholders' copyrights
Authors: Heinzl Bernhard
Published: December 2019

Warner Music UK Ltd v Tuneln Inc [2019] EWHC 2923 (Ch)

The High Court of England and Wales has held that radio stream aggregator TuneIn was in some cases infringing Warner's and Sony's copyrights by providing links to online streams of radio stations. The Court considered it a test case, and the parties submitted that the decision would no less than either ‘fatally undermine copyright’ or ‘break the internet’. In the finely nuanced judgment by Birss J, the CJEU's principle that linking to unlicensed content may infringe copyright was reinforced.
Infected Mosquitoes Have Altered Behavior to Repellents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lajeunesse Marc J , Avello Daniel A , Behrmann Morgan S , Buschbacher Thomas J , Carey Kayla , Carroll Jordyn , Chafin Timothy J , Elkott Fatima , Faust Ami M , Fauver Hope , Figueroa Gabriela D , Flaig Louisa L , Gauta Sarah A , Gonzalez Cristian , Graham Rowan M , Hamdan Khalid , Hanlon Thomas , Hashami Syad N , Huynh Dora , Knaffl Jessica L , Lanzas Milton , Libell Nicole M , McCabe Casey , Metzger Jamie , Mitchell Isabella , Morales Marisol A , Nayyar Yogi R , Perkins Aaron , Phan Tam-Anh , Pidgeon Nicholas T , Ritter Camryn L , Rosales Veronica C , Santiago Olivia , Stephens Rebecca , Taylor Ethan J , Thomas Anup J , Yanez Nicholas E
Published: December 2019

Here we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to reach a consensus on whether infected and uninfected mosquitoes respond differently to repellents. After screening 2,316 published studies, theses, and conference abstracts, we identified 18 studies that tested whether infection status modulated the effectiveness of repellents. Thirteen of these studies had outcomes available for meta-analysis, and overall, seven repellents were tested (typically DEET with 62% of outcomes), six mosquito species had repellence behaviors measured (typically Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes with 71% of outcomes), and a broad diversity of infections were tested including Sindbis virus (Togaviridae: Alphavirus) (33% of outcomes), Dengue (Flaviviridae: Flavivirus) (31%), malaria (Plasmodium berghei Vincke & Lips (Haemospororida: Plasmodiidae) or P. falciparum Welch (Haemospororida: Plasmodiidae); 25%), Zika (Flaviviridae: Flavivirus) (7%), and microsporidia (4%). Pooling all outcomes with meta-analysis, we found that repellents were less effective against infected mosquitoes—marking an average 62% reduction in protective efficacy relative to uninfected mosquitoes (pooled odds ratio = 0.38, 95% confidence interval = 0.22–0.66; k = 96). Older infected mosquitoes were also more likely to show altered responses and loss of sensitivity to repellents, emphasizing the challenge of distinguishing between age or incubation period effects. Plasmodium- or Dengue-infected mosquitoes also did not show altered responses to repellents; however, Dengue–mosquito systems used inoculation practices that can introduce variability in repellency responses. Given our findings that repellents offer less protection against infected mosquitoes and that these vectors are the most dangerous in terms of disease transmission, then trials on repellent effectiveness should incorporate infected mosquitoes to improve predictability in blocking vector–human contact.
Regular Aerobic Exercise-Alleviated Dysregulation of CAMKIIα Carbonylation to Mitigate Parkinsonism via Homeostasis of Apoptosis With Autophagy
Authors: Liu Wenfeng , Fu Rang , Wang Zhiyuan , Liu Shaopeng , Tang Changfa , Li Li , Yin Dazhong
Published: December 2019

This study investigated carbonylation of proteins with oxidative modification profiling in the striatum of aging and Parkinson disease (PD) rats, as well as the long-term effects of regular aerobic exercise on the carbonylation process and the damaging effects of PD vs habitual sedentary behavior. Regular aerobic exercise improved the PD rats’ rotational behavior, increased tyrosine hydroxylase expression in both the striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta, and decreased α-synuclein expression significantly. Interestingly, apoptotic nuclei and autophagosomes were increased in the aerobic exercise PD rat striatum. Carbonylated protein Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase alpha (CAMKIIα) was present in the middle-aged and aged groups but only in the sedentary, not the exercise, PD rat striatum. Notably, CAMKIIα was characterized by a 4-hydroxynonenal adduct. Regular aerobic exercise upregulated CAMKIIα expression level, activated the CAMK signaling pathway, and promoted the expression of autophagy markers Beclin1 and microtubule-associated proteins 1 A/1B light chain 3II. Aberrant carbonylation of CAMKII initiated age-related changes and might be useful as a potential biomarker of PD. Regular aerobic exercise alleviated protein carbonylation modification of CAMKIIα and regulated the CAMK signaling pathway, thereby affecting and regulating the homeostasis of apoptosis and autophagy in the striatum to alleviate the neurodegenerative process of PD lesions.
ADVANCING QUALITY COMPETITION IN BIG DATA MARKETS
Authors: Kuenzler Adrian
Published: December 2019

The European Commission in its decision in Google Search (Shopping) found that a dominant search engine abused its market power by giving preferential treatment to its own related services over those of rivals. Conventional market mechanisms, it is supposed, can no longer correct the harm arising from such conduct. But there is disagreement in legal scholarship as to what this harm actually represents. This article maintains that the practice of self-favouring is best understood as an attempt to ward off product quality degradations in digital markets, which are difficult to repair purely by means of the consumer’s sole ability to switch. Framed against Albert Hirschman’s well-known work on Exit, Voice, and Loyalty, the Commission’s ruling must be understood as recognition that rivalry stemming from smaller market actors will not necessarily prevent large platforms from degrading product quality, despite the consumer’s ability to gain access to a variety of services that are only a click away. The article explicates the market’s functioning and the available methods of recuperation against the backdrop of the available case law in this area, and expounds the Commission’s findings in light of Hirschman’s theory.