bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome Analysis to Study the Molecular Response in the Gill and Hepatopancreas Tissues of Macrobrachium nipponense to Salinity Acclimation
Authors: Xue Cheng , Xu Kang , Jin Yiting , Bian Chao , Sun Shengming
Published: May 2022

Macrobrachium nipponense is an economically important prawn species and common in Chinese inland capture fisheries. During aquaculture, M. nipponense can survive under freshwater and low salinity conditions. The molecular mechanism underlying the response to salinity acclimation remains unclear in this species; thus, in this study, we used the Illumina RNA sequencing platform for transcriptome analyses of the gill and hepatopancreas tissues of M. nipponense exposed to salinity stress [0.4‰ (S0, control group), 6‰ (S6, low salinity group), and 12‰ (S12, high salinity group)]. Differentially expressed genes were identified, and several important salinity adaptation-related terms and signaling pathways were found to be enriched, such as “ion transport,” “oxidative phosphorylation,” and “glycometabolism.” Quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated the participation of 12 key genes in osmotic pressure regulation in M. nipponense under acute salinity stress. Further, the role of carbonic anhydrase in response to salinity acclimation was investigated by subjecting the gill tissues of M. nipponense to in situ hybridization. Collectively, the results reported herein enhance our understanding of the mechanisms via which M. nipponense adapts to changes in salinity.
Root-Specific Expression of Vitis vinifera VviNPF2.2 Modulates Shoot Anion Concentration in Transgenic Arabidopsis
Authors: Wu Yue , Henderson Sam W. , Walker Rob R. , Gilliham Matthew
Published: May 2022

Grapevines (Vitis viniferaL.,Vvi) on their roots are generally sensitive to salt-forming ions, particularly chloride (Cl–) when grown in saline environments. GraftingV. viniferascions to Cl–-excluding hybrid rootstocks reduces the impact of salinity. Molecular components underlying Cl–-exclusion inVitisspecies remain largely unknown, however, various anion channels and transporters represent good candidates for controlling this trait. Here, two nitrate/peptide transporter family (NPF) membersVviNPF2.1andVviNPF2.2were isolated. Both highly homologous proteins localized to the plasma membrane of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) protoplasts. Both were expressed primarily in grapevine roots and leaves and were more abundant in a Cl–-excluding rootstock compared to a Cl–-includer. Quantitative PCR of grapevine roots revealed thatVviNPF2.1and2.2expression was downregulated by high [NO3–] resupply post-starvation, but not affected by 25 mM Cl–. VviNPF2.2 was functionally characterized using an Arabidopsis enhancer trap line as a heterologous host which enabled cell-type-specific expression. Constitutive expression ofVviNPF2.2exclusively in the root epidermis and cortex reduced shoot [Cl–] after a 75 mM NaCl treatment. Higher expression levels ofVviNPF2.2correlated with reduced Arabidopsis xylem sap [NO3–] when not salt stressed. We propose that when expressed in the root epidermis and cortex, VviNPF2.2 could function in passive anion efflux from root cells, which reduces the symplasmic Cl–available for root-to-shoot translocation. VviNPF2.2, through its role in the root epidermis and cortex, could, therefore, be beneficial to plants under salt stress by reducing net shoot Cl–accumulation.
Deep Learning-Based Segmentation of Peach Diseases Using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Yao Na , Ni Fuchuan , Wu Minghao , Wang Haiyan , Li Guoliang , Sung Wing-Kin
Published: May 2022

Peach diseases seriously affect peach yield and people’s health. The precise identification of peach diseases and the segmentation of the diseased areas can provide the basis for disease control and treatment. However, the complex background and imbalanced samples bring certain challenges to the segmentation and recognition of lesion area, and the hard samples and imbalance samples can lead to a decline in classification of foreground class and background class. In this paper we applied deep network models (Mask R-CNN and Mask Scoring R-CNN) for segmentation and recognition of peach diseases. Mask R-CNN and Mask Scoring R-CNN are classic instance segmentation models. Using instance segmentation model can obtain the disease names, disease location and disease segmentation, and the foreground area is the basic feature for next segmentation. Focal Loss can solve the problems caused by difficult samples and imbalance samples, and was used for this dataset to improve segmentation accuracy. Experimental results show that Mask Scoring R-CNN with Focal Loss function can improve recognition rate and segmentation accuracy comparing to Mask Scoring R-CNN with CE loss or comparing to Mask R-CNN. When ResNet50 is used as the backbone network based on Mask R-CNN, the segmentation accuracy of segm_mAP_50 increased from 0.236 to 0.254. When ResNetx101 is used as the backbone network, the segmentation accuracy of segm_mAP_50 increased from 0.452 to 0.463. In summary, this paper used Focal Loss on Mask R-CNN and Mask Scoring R-CNN to generate better mAP of segmentation and output more detailed information about peach diseases.
γ-Aminobutyrate Improves the Postharvest Marketability of Horticultural Commodities: Advances and Prospects
Authors: Aghdam Morteza Soleimani , Flaherty Edward J. , Shelp Barry J.
Published: May 2022

Postharvest deterioration can result in qualitative and quantitative changes in the marketability of horticultural commodities, as well as considerable economic loss to the industry. Low temperature and controlled atmosphere conditions (low O2 and elevated CO2) are extensively employed to prolong the postharvest life of these commodities. Nevertheless, they may suffer from chilling injury and other physiological disorders, as well as excessive water loss and bacterial/fungal decay. Research on the postharvest physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of horticultural commodities indicates that low temperature/controlled atmosphere storage is associated with the promotion of γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) pathway activity, with or without the accumulation of GABA, delaying senescence, preserving quality and ameliorating chilling injury. Regardless of whether apple fruits are stored under low temperature/controlled atmosphere conditions or room temperature, elevated endogenous GABA or exogenous GABA maintains their quality by stimulating the activity of the GABA shunt (glutamate GABA succinic semialdehyde succinate) and the synthesis of malate, and delaying fruit ripening. This outcome is associated with changes in the genetic and biochemical regulation of key GABA pathway reactions. Flux estimates suggest that the GABA pool is derived primarily from glutamate, rather than polyamines, and that succinic semialdehyde is converted mainly to succinate, rather than γ-hydroxybutyrate. Exogenous GABA is a promising strategy for promoting the level of endogenous GABA and the activity of the GABA shunt in both intact and fresh-cut commodities, which increases carbon flux through respiratory pathways, restores or partially restores redox and energy levels, and improves postharvest marketability. The precise mechanisms whereby GABA interacts with other signaling molecules such as Ca2+, H2O2, polyamines, salicylic acid, nitric oxide and melatonin, or with phytohormones such as ethylene, abscisic acid and auxin remain unknown. The occurrence of the aluminum-activated malate transporter and the glutamate/aspartate/GABA exchanger in the tonoplast, respectively, offers prospects for reducing transpirational water in cut flowers and immature green fruit, and for altering the development, flavor and biotic resistance of apple fruits.
Between Light and Shading: Morphological, Biochemical, and Metabolomics Insights Into the Influence of Blue Photoselective Shading on Vegetable Seedlings
Authors: Formisano Luigi , Miras-Moreno Begoña , Ciriello Michele , Zhang Leilei , De Pascale Stefania , Lucini Luigi , Rouphael Youssef
Published: May 2022

High nursery densities reduce the seedling quality due to the competition for light. High light intensity, shading, and blue light depletion activate morphophysiological and metabolomic responses in plants, resulting in size modification to gain an advantage over neighboring plants. Our research aimed to unravel the effects of light intensity and quality on nursery seedlings at the morphological and biochemical levels. To this aim, the effect of black shading and blue photoselective shading nets were investigated in terms of morphometric, ionomic, and untargeted metabolomics signatures in Cucurbita pepo L., Citrullus lanatus L., Solanum lycopersicum L., and Solanum melongena L. seedlings. Plant height, diameter, sturdiness index, leaf area, specific leaf area, shoot/root ratio, and mineral content (by ion chromatography-IC) were evaluated. In C. pepo L and C. lanatus L., the blue net reduced the shoot/root and chlorophyll a/b ratios and increased stem diameter and total chlorophyll content. The black net increased plant height, stem diameter, and sturdiness index in Solanum lycopersicum L. and Solanum melongena L. At the same time, unshading conditions reduced leaf area, specific leaf area, shoot/root ratio, and total chlorophyll content. The blue net improved the sturdiness index and quality of C. pepo L. and C. lanatus L. Such impact on morphological parameters induced by the different shading conditions was corroborated by a significant modulation at the metabolomics level. Untargeted metabolomic phytochemical signatures of the selected plants, and the subsequent multivariate analysis coupled to pathway analysis, allowed highlighting a broad and diverse biochemical modulation. Metabolomics revealed that both primary and secondary metabolism were largely affected by the different shading conditions, regardless of the species considered. A common pattern arose to point at the activation of plant energy metabolism and lipid biosynthesis, together with a generalized down accumulation of several secondary metabolites, particularly phenylpropanoids. Our findings indicate an intriguing scientific interest in the effects of selective shading and its application to other species and different phenological stages.
Blame the Machine? Insights From an Experiment on Algorithm Aversion and Blame Avoidance in Computer-Aided Human Resource Management
Authors: Maasland Christian , Weißmüller Kristina S.
Published: May 2022

Algorithms have become increasingly relevant in supporting human resource (HR) management, but their application may entail psychological biases and unintended side effects on employee behavior. This study examines the effect of the type of HR decision (i.e., promoting or dismissing staff) on the likelihood of delegating these HR decisions to an algorithm-based decision support system. Based on prior research on algorithm aversion and blame avoidance, we conducted a quantitative online experiment using a 2×2 randomly controlled design with a sample of N = 288 highly educated young professionals and graduate students in Germany. This study partly replicates and substantially extends the methods and theoretical insights from a 2015 study by Dietvorst and colleagues. While we find that respondents exhibit a tendency of delegating presumably unpleasant HR tasks (i.e., dismissals) to the algorithm—rather than delegating promotions—this effect is highly conditional upon the opportunity to pretest the algorithm, as well as individuals’ level of trust in machine-based and human forecast. Respondents’ aversion to algorithms dominates blame avoidance by delegation. This study is the first to provide empirical evidence that the type of HR decision affects algorithm aversion only to a limited extent. Instead, it reveals the counterintuitive effect of algorithm pretesting and the relevance of confidence in forecast models in the context of algorithm-aided HRM, providing theoretical and practical insights.
A Systematic Review of “Helicopter Parenting” and Its Relationship With Anxiety and Depression
Authors: Vigdal Julia Schønning , Brønnick Kolbjørn Kallesten
Published: May 2022

Background

Emerging evidence suggests that overprotective and controlling parenting, often referred to as “helicopter parenting” may have negative implications on the child's mental health such as anxiety and depression. However, no systematic review on the topic exists.

Objective

Conducting a systematic review to identify all studies where the relationship between helicopter parenting and symptoms of anxiety and/or depression have been investigated.

Method

A systematic literature search conducted the 3rd of November 2021 yielded 38 eligible studies. Since helicopter parenting is a fairly new construct, this review considered parental control and overprotective parenting to be dimensions of helicopter parenting and thus, eligible for the study. Study quality was assessed in accordance with Campbells Validity Typology.

Results

The majority of the studies included in this review found a direct relationship between helicopter parenting and symptoms of anxiety and depression. However, validity problems undermine these findings with regarding to assessing the causal relationship between helicopter parenting and these symptoms. There were no longitudinal studies of sufficient quality to determine if helicopter parenting precedes the outcome of anxiety and depression.

Conclusion

Even though the majority of the studies included in this systematic review found a relationship between helicopter parenting and anxiety and depression, the evidence for this relationship is insufficient and must be investigated further. Findings suggest that it is important to include both maternal and paternal parenting style in future studies as they could affect the outcome of anxiety and depression differently.

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020167465, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=167465.
Who Is Affecting Who: The New Changes of Personal Influence in the Social Media Era
Authors: Yi Hongfa , Wang Yike
Published: May 2022

With the development of social media, some individuals who have a great influence on the Internet have become opinion leaders, which means that the traditional agenda-setting theory cannot explain the mechanism of social consensus generation in the social media era. Therefore, the individual agenda is a new perspective to studying social consensus and personal influence in social media. This study defined the concept of the “individual agenda,” and conducted an empirical study on the relationship between the media agenda, the opinion leaders’ agenda, and the individual agenda, based on 71.77 million tweets sampled from the Twitter platform in 2015 with the approach of topic modeling. This study found that (1) most individual agendas are not consistent with the traditional public agenda, and the intrapersonal issue salience is highly related to the interpersonal issue salience; therefore, the concept of “individual agenda” has been validated empirically; (2) the media agenda has a significant positive correlation with 30.3% of the individual agendas, which means that professional media influences only a small number of individuals; and (3) the opinion leaders’ agenda has no significant correlation with the media agenda, while it has a significant positive correlation with 31.1% of the individual agendas, which means that opinion leaders have become strong competitors of traditional professional media in agenda-setting. This study also discussed the relationship between individual agenda-setting and public agenda-setting and the potential research directions in the future.
Research Orientation and Development of Social Psychology’s Concept of Justice in the Era of Cloud Computing
Authors: Zhao Yongyan , Du Desheng
Published: May 2022

With the maturity and rapid expansion of social psychology, great progress has been made in the integration of social psychology with other disciplines. From the very beginning, social psychology is destined to have a diversified and multidisciplinary research orientation and disciplinary nature, which also makes it difficult for social psychology to be defined in a single disciplinary field and a single research method. With the rapid development of the Internet, the emergence of cloud computing technology not only facilitates the orientation of psychological research, but also promotes the emergence and development of some new psychological disciplines. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to study the orientation of social psychology and its current development in the context of cloud computing era. This paper collects, organizes, and integrates the research data of college students’ view of justice from the perspective of social psychology through cloud computing technology, and uses empirical research methods to conduct in-depth research on people’s view of justice in social psychology. This paper collects the data reports of college students on social justice issues through cloud computing technology to make the results more accurate. The experimental results show that nearly 70% of college students pay more attention to social justice issues. This data clearly reflects the optimistic trend of people’s attention to justice issues in social psychology.
The Italian Version of the International Trauma Questionnaire: Symptom and Network Structure of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in a Sample of Late Adolescents Exposed to a Natural Disaster
Authors: Rossi Rodolfo , Socci Valentina , Pacitti Francesca , Carmassi Claudia , Rossi Alessandro , Di Lorenzo Giorgio , Hyland Philip
Published: May 2022

The 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases has endorsed substantial changes in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and has introduced Complex PTSD (cPTSD). The objective of this study was to assess the symptom and network structure of PTSD and cPTSD using the International Trauma Questionnaire- Italian version (ITQ) and the prevalence of PTSD and cPTSD in a community sample of late adolescents enriched with exposure to a destructive earthquake. A 1,010 high school students participated to the study. Confirmatory Factor Analysis supports that a six first-order correlated factors was the best fitting model of ICD-11 PTSD/cPTSD. The network analysis supports a clear separation between core PTSD symptoms and disturbances in self-organization (DSO) symptoms, avoidance, and negative self-concept were the most central items. The prevalence of PTSD and cPTSD was 9.11 and 4.06%, respectively. Female participants reported higher rates of both PTSD and cPTSD. This is the first study to report on ICD-11 PTSD and cPTSD rates on an Italian adolescence community sample. Consistent with other community samples, we found higher rates of PTSD compared to cPTSD. The results confirmed the factorial validity of the ITQ. The network structure highlights the importance of negative self-concept in cPTSD and avoidance in PTSD.
Usability, Feasibility, and Effect of a Biocueing Intervention in Addition to a Moderated Digital Social Therapy-Platform in Young People With Emerging Mental Health Problems: A Mixed-Method Approach
Authors: van Doorn Marilon , Nijhuis Laurens A. , Monsanto Anne , van Amelsvoort Thérèse , Popma Arne , Jaspers Monique W. M. , Noordzij Matthijs L. , Öry Ferko G. , Alvarez-Jimenez Mario , Nieman Dorien H.
Published: May 2022

Introduction

To optimize treatment, it is of utmost importance to take into account the myriad of biological, social, and psychological changes that young people go through during adolescence which make them more vulnerable for developing mental health problems. Biocueing, a non-invasive method to transform physiological parameters into an observable signal, could strengthen stress- and emotion regulation by cueing physiologically unusual values in daily life. The aim of this study is to investigate the usability, feasibility, and exploratory effect of biocueing in addition to ENgage YOung people earlY (ENYOY), a moderated digital social therapy-platform, in young people with emerging mental health complaints.

Methods

A user-centered mixed-method design was used. A focus group was conducted to optimize the ENYOY-platform and biocueing intervention. Biocueing was operationalized by a smartwatch and the Sense-IT app. A within-subjects design was used; 10 days for all participants ‘biofeedback off' (control), followed by 10 days ‘biofeedback on' (experimental). Emotional awareness and perceived stress were measured using ecological momentary assessment. Eight individuals participated. User-friendliness, usability, and acceptance were assessed using a qualitative design.

Results

Findings from the focus group resulted in several adaptations of the biocueing intervention to the ENYOY-platform and vice versa. The average measurement compliance rate was 78.8%. Level-one findings showed different individual effects on perceived stress and emotional awareness. Level-two analyses showed no overall effects on perceived stress (B = −0.020, p = 0.562) and overall positive effects on emotional awareness (B = 0.030, p = 0.048) with small effect sizes (Improvement Rate Difference = 0.05–0.35). The intervention was found to be acceptable and showed moderate usability. Participants indicated they experienced improvements in reflection on feelings and changes in behavior, such as pausing and evaluating the situation.

Conclusion

These preliminary results show that biocueing could be a promising addition to digital treatment platforms and help young people become more emotionally aware. Improvements should be made regarding the usability and acceptability of the smartwatch, as well as more extensive integration of the biocueing intervention with a digital treatment platform. It would be relevant to gain a better understanding of which individuals would benefit most from an additional biocueing intervention.
Physical Disability and Psychedelic Therapies: An Agenda for Inclusive Research and Practice
Authors: Mintz Kevin T. , Gammer Brinn , Khan Amanda J. , Shaub Gretchen , Levine Steven , Sisti Dominic
Published: May 2022

Over the past decade, there has been an increase in the number of clinical trials for psychedelic therapies as treatments for a wide range of psychiatric conditions. We are concerned that research organizations overseeing these trials have neglected the inclusion of individuals with physical and sensory disabilities. We suggest that psychedelic research organizations should prioritize and plan for the inclusion of individuals with physical and sensory disabilities to address the mental health burdens they confront. Not doing so risks reinforcing structural ableism in healthcare: the discriminatory manifestation of lowered expectations toward people with disabilities on the part of medical providers. Drawing on scholarship from disability studies and medical ethics, we offer four recommendations for disability inclusion in research. We recognize particular populations shoulder significant mental health burdens; these populations deserve priority and should be given a range of accommodations. We emphasize the need for extensive disability awareness training for those facilitating psychedelic therapies and encourage psychedelic researchers and therapists to exercise cultural humility toward individuals with physical and sensory disabilities. This article should be the impetus for further scholarship and debate about how psychedelic research and therapies can be made accessible to members of disability communities who might benefit.
Inflammation as a Key Outcome Pathway in Particle Induced Effects in the Lung
Authors: Borm Paul J. A. , Lison Dominique , Driscoll Kevin , Duffin Rodger , Harkema Jack , Weber Klaus , Elder Alison
Published: May 2022

Inflammation is considered a key event in the pathology of many chronic diseases, including pulmonary and systemic particle induced effects. In addition, inflammation is now considered as the key response in standard setting for poorly-soluble low toxicity (PSLT) particles and also the critical endpoint to screen for in OECD based sub-chronic animal inhalation testing protocols. During Particles & Health 2021, an afternoon session was dedicated to the subject and a brief summary of the most important messages are summarized in this paper. In the first part of this session, two speakers (Prof. Lison and Dr Duffin) provided state of the art insight into different aspects and sequels to (persistent) inflammation as a protective or adverse response. Most recent insights on the role of different macrophage cell types were presented as well as perspectives and data provided by inflammatory pathways in humans, such as in asthma and COPD. A brief review of the expert workshop on PSLT particles focusing on the regulatory impact of using persistent inflammation as a key outcome was provided by Kevin Driscoll. The second part of the session focused on the outcomes that are associated with inflammation in animal studies, with an emphasis by Drs. Harkema (Michigan State) and Weber (Anapath) on cell proliferation and other pathologies that need to be considered when comparing human and animal responses, such as outcomes from 14- or 28 day inhalation studies used for specific target organ toxicity classification.
Sustainability of Nursing Leadership and Its Contributing Factors in a Developing Economy: A Study in Mongolia
Authors: Wang Bing-Long , Batmunkh Munkh-Ulzii , Samdandash Oyunsuren , Divaakhuu Duumaam , Wong Wing-Keung
Published: May 2022

The sustainability of nursing leadership is a very important problem. Every country continually strives to find the best ways to advance in nurse management and patient care services. Nursing leadership is most desirable in the delivery of health care services. Since there is limited information about leadership skills in Mongolia, to solve the problem of the sustainability of nursing leadership, we carried out this study to explore factors contributing to the sustainability of nursing leadership and their correlation relatively to nurse managers in healthcare institutions. A sample of 205 nurse managers from all forms of health facilities participated in this study. The data were analyzed by descriptive, correlation, and multiple linear regression models using SPSS 19 version. The linear combination of the five independent variables was significantly related to the dependent variable (nurse leadership). Both the behavior and problem-solving are significant regressors of the dependent variable. The correlation analysis significance of the independent study variables, two were found to have a significant effect on nursing leadership: behavior and performance of nurses significantly and positively effect nursing leadership. The transformational role and nurse leadership produced a significantly positive Correlation coefficients give a direction of causation in the relationships of variables, and the multiple linear regression analysis says that two of the variables, namely, behavior and problem-solving, positively contribute to nursing leadership, two of the variables namely, work environment and performance nurse manager do not support; however, variable transformational ability majorly contributes to the sustainability of nursing leadership.
Analysis of the Impacts on the Psychological Changes of Chinese Returning College Students After the Outbreak of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease
Authors: Xue Yingying , Pyong Kwak Han , Oh Sae Sook , Tao Yingying , Liu Taofeng
Published: May 2022

This work aims to analyze the impacts on the psychological changes of Chinese returning college students after the outbreak of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). A questionnaire survey is used to take 1,482 college students who returned to school after the epidemic as the research objects. The Chinese college students' knowledge of the epidemic, alienation in physical education class, school happiness, and expectations for a healthy life in the future are investigated and analyzed. The research results manifest that Chinese returning college students have relatively poor awareness of COVID-19, and the overall degree of alienation in physical education classes after the epidemic is low, with an average score of 3.55 ± 1.018. The overall level of school happiness is high, with an average score of 4.94 ± 0.883; the overall level of expectation for a healthy life in the future is high, with an average score of 3.50 ± 0.840. It denotes that the epidemic has a great psychological impact on returning college students, and it is necessary to strengthen mental health education for college students after COVID-19. It provides a sustainable theoretical reference for the formulation of psychological intervention measures for returning college students.
Protocol for Comparing the Efficacy of Three Reconstruction Methods of the Digestive Tract (Kamikawa Versus Double-Tract Reconstruction Versus Tube-Like Stomach) After Proximal Gastrectomy
Authors: Wang Wei Dong , Gao Rui Qi , Chen Tong , Dong Dan Hong , Yang Qin Chuan , Zhou Hai Kun , Wei Jiang Peng , Yu Peng Fei , Yang Xi Sheng , Li Xiao Hua , Ji Gang
Published: May 2022

Background

Appropriate gastrointestinal reconstruction after proximal gastrectomy can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative complications in patients with proximal early gastric cancer. However, there is still great controversy about the choice of digestive tract reconstruction after proximal gastrectomy, and there is no clinical consensus on the choice of digestive tract reconstruction after proximal gastrectomy. Currently, there is a lack of large-sample, prospective, randomized controlled studies to compare the efficacy of Kamikawa, double-tract reconstruction, and tube-like stomach reconstruction after proximal gastrectomy.

Methods/design

This study will investigate the efficacy of three reconstruction methods after proximal gastrectomy in a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial, which will enroll 180 patients with proximal early gastric cancer. Patients will be randomly divided into three groups: Group A (Kamikawa, n = 60), Group B (double-tract reconstruction, n = 60), and Group C (tube-like stomach, n = 60). The general information, past medical history, laboratory findings, imaging findings, and surgical procedures of the patients will be recorded and analyzed. The incidence of reflux esophagitis will be recorded as the primary endpoint. The incidence of anastomotic leakage, anastomotic stenosis, operative time and intraoperative blood loss will be recorded as secondary endpoints.

Discussion

This study will establish a large-sample, prospective, randomized controlled trial to compare the efficacy of Kamikawa, double-tract reconstruction, and tube-like stomach reconstruction after proximal gastrectomy.

Trial registration

This study was approved by the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry and registered on April 30, 2021. The registration number is ChiCTR2100045975.
A comparative Study of Novel Extramedullary Fixation and Dynamic Hip Screw in the Fixation of Intertrochanteric Fracture: A Finite-Element Analysis
Authors: Ding Kai , Zhu Yanbin , Wang Haicheng , Li Yonglong , Yang Weijie , Cheng Xiaodong , Zhang Yingze , Chen Wei , Zhang Qi
Published: May 2022

Background

Dynamic hip screw (DHS) is one of the most widely internal fixations for stabilizing intertrochanteric fracture, however, with a high risk of postoperative complications. The triangle support fixation plate (TSFP) is developed to reduce the postoperative complications. The purpose of study is to evaluate the biomechanical performance of the DHS and TSFP and demonstrate the rationality of triangular internal fixation for stabilizing intertrochanteric fractures.

Methods

The CT data of the proximal femur were used to establish finite-element models. Evans type I and IV intertrochanteric fracture were constructed and stabilized with the DHS and TSFP. The Von-Mises stress, maximum principal stress, minimum principal stress, and displacement were used to evaluate the biomechanical effect of two implants on intertrochanteric fracture.

Results

Under a 600N axial load, the maximum stress and displacement of an intact proximal femur were 13.78 MPa and 1.33 mm, respectively. The peak stresses of the bone in the TSFP were 35.41 MPa and 68.97 MPa for treating Evans type I and IV intertrochanteric fractures, respectively, which were lower than those in the DHS. The maximum overall displacement and relative distance of the fracture surface in the DHS fixation model were 1.66 mm and 0.10 mm for treating Evans type I intertrochanteric fracture, which was 29.59% and 150% higher than that in the TSFP, and were 2.24 mm and 0.75 mm for treating Evans type IV intertrochanteric fracture, which was 42.58% and 650% higher than that in the TSFP.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the TSFP has obvious advantages in stress distribution and stability than the DHS, providing a promising option for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures.
Contralateral vs. Ipsilateral Approach to Superior Hypophyseal Artery Aneurysms: An Anatomical Study and Morphometric Analysis
Authors: Sahin Balkan , Aydin Serdar Onur , Yilmaz Mehmet Ozgur , Saygi Tahsin , Hanalioglu Sahin , Akyoldas Goktug , Baran Oguz , Kiris Talat
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Surgical clipping of superior hypophyseal artery (SHA) aneurysms is a challenging task for neurosurgeons due to their close anatomical relationships. The development of endovascular techniques and the difficulty in surgery have led to a decrease in the number of surgical procedures and thus the experience of neurosurgeons in this region. In this study, we aimed to reveal the microsurgical anatomy of the ipsilateral and contralateral approaches to SHA aneurysms and define their limitations via morphometric analyses of radiological anatomy, three-dimensional (3D) modeling, and surgical illustrations.

Method

Five fixed and injected cadaver heads underwent dissections. In order to make morphometric measurements, 75 cranial MRI scans were reviewed. Cranial scans were rendered with a module and used to produce 3D models of different anatomical structures. In addition, a medical illustration was drawn that shows different sizes of aneurysms and surgical clipping approaches.

Results

For the contralateral approach, pterional craniotomy and sylvian dissection were performed. The contralateral SHA was reached from the prechiasmatic area. The dissected SHA was approached with an aneurysm clip, and maneuverability was evaluated. For the ipsilateral approach, pterional craniotomy and sylvian dissection were performed. The ipsilateral SHA was reached by mobilizing the left optic nerve with left optic nerve unroofing and left anterior clinoidectomy. MRI measurements showed that the area of the prechiasm was 90.4 ± 36.6 mm2 (prefixed: 46.9 ± 10.4 mm2, normofixed: 84.8 ± 15.7 mm2, postfixed: 137.2 ± 19.5 mm2, p < 0.001), the distance between the anterior aspect of the optic chiasm and the limbus sphenoidale was 10.0 ± 3.5 mm (prefixed: 5.7 ± 0.8 mm, normofixed: 9.6 ± 1.6 mm, postfixed:14.4 ± 1.6 mm, p < 0.001), and optic nerves’ interneural angle was 65.2° ± 10.0° (prefixed: 77.1° ± 7.3, normofixed: 63.6° ± 7.7°, postfixed: 57.7° ± 5.7°, p: 0.010).

Conclusion

Anatomic dissections along with 3D virtual model simulations and illustrations demonstrated that the contralateral approach would potentially allow for proximal control and neck control/clipping in smaller SHA aneurysm with relatively minimal retraction of the contralateral optic nerve in the setting of pre- or normofixed chiasm, and ipsilateral approach requires anterior clinodectomy and optic unroofing with considerable optic nerve mobilization to control proximal ICA and clip the aneurysm neck effectively.
Risk Factors of Postoperative Meningitis in Lateral Ventricular Trigone Meningiomas: A Clinical Analysis of 64 Patients
Authors: Han Xiaodi , Hu Tianhao , Wang Run , Li Longjie , Yu Juanhan , Zhang Li , Han Sheng
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Patients with intraventricular tumors are more susceptible to postoperative meningitis (POM) than other intracranial tumors. In this study, we explored the risk factors of POM in lateral ventricular trigone meningiomas (LVTMs).

Methods

Clinical features of 64 patients with LVTMs were analyzed. Age, gender, body mass index, medical history, intraoperative blood loss (IBL), intraventricular drainage placement, surgical duration, tumor grade, postoperative tumor cavity hemorrhage, and tumor size were included in univariate and multivariate analyses of POM.

Results

Of the 64 patients, 14 patients (21.9%) received diagnosis of POM. The univariate analysis revealed IBL ≥400 mL (odds ratio [OR], 9.012; p = 0.003), tumor size ≥50 cm3 (OR, 3.071; p = 0.080), and surgical duration ≥5 h (OR, 2.970; p = 0.085) were considered possible risk factors for POM (p < 0.10). Tumor size (R = 0.514) and surgical duration (R = 0.624) were significantly correlated with IBL (p < 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, only IBL was found to be an independent risk factor for POM.

Conclusion

The IBL ≥400 mL is independently associated with the increased risk of POM in LVTM patients. Our results demonstrate the importance of controlling IBL for preventing POM, especially in large tumors and long surgeries.
Effect of Cyclic Heat Stress on Hypothalamic Oxygen Homeostasis and Inflammatory State in the Jungle Fowl and Three Broiler-Based Research Lines
Authors: Brugaletta Giorgio , Greene Elizabeth , Ramser Alison , Maynard Craig W. , Tabler Travis W. , Sirri Federico , Anthony Nicholas B. , Orlowski Sara , Dridi Sami
Published: May 2022

Heat stress (HS) is devastating to poultry production sustainability due its detrimental effects on performance, welfare, meat quality, and profitability. One of the most known negative effects of HS is feed intake depression, which is more pronounced in modern high-performing broilers compared to their ancestor unselected birds, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully defined. The present study aimed, therefore, to determine the hypothalamic expression of a newly involved pathway, hypoxia/oxygen homeostasis, in heat-stressed broiler-based research lines and jungle fowl. Three populations of broilers (slow growing ACRB developed in 1956, moderate growing 95RB from broilers available in 1995, and modern fast growing MRB from 2015) and unselected Jungle fowl birds were exposed to cyclic heat stress (36°C, 9 h/day for 4 weeks) in a 2 × 4 factorial experimental design. Total RNAs and proteins were extracted from the hypothalamic tissues and the expression of target genes and proteins was determined by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively. It has been previously shown that HS increased core body temperature and decreased feed intake in 95RB and MRB, but not in ACRB or JF. HS exposure did not affect the hypothalamic expression of HIF complex, however there was a line effect for HIF-1α (P = 0.02) with higher expression in JF under heat stress. HS significantly up regulated the hypothalamic expression of hemoglobin subunits (HBA1, HBBR, HBE, HBZ), and HJV in ACRB, HBA1 and HJV in 95RB and MRB, and HJV in JF, but it down regulated FPN1 in JF. Additionally, HS altered the hypothalamic expression of oxygen homeostasis- up and down-stream signaling cascades. Phospho-AMPKThr172 was activated by HS in JF hypothalamus, but it decreased in that of the broiler-based research lines. Under thermoneutral conditions, p-AMPKThr172 was higher in broiler-based research lines compared to JF. Ribosomal protein S6K1, however, was significantly upregulated in 95RB and MRB under both environmental conditions. HS significantly upregulated the hypothalamic expression of NF-κB2 in MRB, RelB, and TNFα in ACRB, abut it down regulated RelA in 95RB. The regulation of HSPs by HS seems to be family- and line-dependent. HS upregulated the hypothalamic expression of HSP60 in ACRB and 95RB, down regulated HSP90 in JF only, and decreased HSP70 in all studied lines. Taken together, this is the first report showing that HS modulated the hypothalamic expression of hypoxia- and oxygen homeostasis-associated genes as well as their up- and down-stream mediators in chickens, and suggests that hypoxia, thermotolerance, and feed intake are interconnected, which merit further in-depth investigations.
Influence of pH, Humic Acids, and Salts on the Dissipation of Amoxicillin and Azithromycin Under Simulated Sunlight
Authors: Rodríguez-López Lucía , Santás-Miguel Vanesa , Núñez-Delgado Avelino , Álvarez-Rodríguez Esperanza , Pérez-Rodríguez Paula , Arias-Estévez Manuel
Published: May 2022

This work is focused on the study of the dissipation of the antibiotics amoxicillin (AMX) (an amino penicillin) and azithromycin (AZT) (belonging to the macrolide group), performed at a laboratory scale, under simulated sunlight and in the dark, at pH values 4.0, 5.5, and 7.2, and in the presence of humic acids and different inorganic salts. The results indicate that AMX is more affected than AZT by simulated sunlight, with half-lives ranging 7.7–9.9 h for AMX and 250–456 h for AZT. The lowest half-life values were obtained at pH 7.2 for AMX (7.7 h) and at pH 4.0 for AZT (250 h). Regarding the effect of various salts, the presence of NaNO3 causes that C/C0 decreases from 0.6 to 0 under simulated sunlight, having no effect on the dissipation of AMX in the dark. However, in the presence of FeCl3 at concentrations of 500 mg L−1, AMX suffered total dissipation, both under simulated sunlight and in the dark. For AZT the influence was lower, and the salts that caused a higher increase in its dissipation were NaCl (with C/C0 decreasing from 0.5 to 0.2) and CaCl2 (C/C0 decreasing from 0.5 to 0.3). The presence of humic acids caused a slight increase in the dissipation of AMX, both under simulated sunlight and in the dark, a fact that was attributed to the adsorption of the antibiotic onto these organic substances, which, however, caused a more marked increase in the dissipation of AZT (reaching 68%) under simulated sunlight. The overall results of this research can be considered clearly relevant, mainly to determine the fate of AMX and AZT when these antibiotics reach the environment as pollutants, either as regards their exposure to natural sunlight, or in relation to the use of inactivation/photo-degradation systems in decontamination procedures focused on environmental compartments.
Methodology for Assessing the Digital Image of an Enterprise with Its Industry Specifics
Authors: Rodionov Dmitriy , Kryzhko Darya , Tenishev Timur , Uimanov Victor , Abdulmanova Alsu , Kvikviniia Ani , Aksenov Pavel , Solovyov Mark , Kolomenskii Fedor , Konnikov Evgenii
Published: May 2022

This study provides a framework for the comparative assessment of the key industry aspects of competitiveness among logistics services and the logistics systems of enterprises in the informational environment. Frequently, the relationships between a consumer and a company created by means of the informational environment determine how the enterprise positions itself in the market. For instance, the evaluation of a company’s representation in the information field is an essential aspect of determining the company’s competitiveness. The study suggests a set of special metrics for measuring the representation of digital components and other aspects of an enterprise’s digital image via data gathering and analysis of the most encountered tokens. The proposed automated analysis algorithm allows companies to examine their image in the digital environment and implement effective decisions. The functionality of the algorithm fosters data collection, helping to form the desired image of the company. Tokens of several thematic groups on social media are collected during the process, and the most significant of them that are valuable for the competitiveness of the enterprise are extracted. The outcome can be used for the tracking of the dynamics of key parameters of an enterprise’s image and for conducting a comparative analysis of the digital image of its competitors.
A Data-Driven Fault Tree for a Time Causality Analysis in an Aging System
Authors: Waghen Kerelous , Ouali Mohamed-Salah
Published: May 2022

This paper develops a data-driven fault tree methodology that addresses the problem of the fault prognosis of an aging system based on an interpretable time causality analysis model. The model merges the concepts of knowledge discovery in the dataset and fault tree to interpret the effect of aging on the fault causality structure over time. At periodic intervals, the model captures the cause–effect relations in the form of interpretable logic trees, then represents them in one fault tree model that reflects the changes in the fault causality structure over time due to the system aging. The proposed model provides a prognosis of the probability for fault occurrence using a set of extracted causality rules that combine the discovered root causes over time in a bottom-up manner. The well-known NASA turbofan engine dataset is used as an illustrative example of the proposed methodology.
Bounded-Error Parameter Estimation Using Integro-Differential Equations for Hindmarsh–Rose Model
Authors: Jauberthie Carine , Verdière Nathalie
Published: May 2022

A numerical parameter estimation method, based on input-output integro-differential polynomials in a bounded-error framework is investigated in this paper. More precisely, the measurement noise and parameters belong to connected sets (in the proposed work, intervals). First, this method, based on the Rosenfeld–Groebner elimination algorithm, is presented. The latter provides differential equations containing derivatives, sometimes of high order. In order to improve the numerical results, a pretreatment of the differential relations is done and consists in integration. The new relations contain, essentially, integrals depending only on the outputs. In comparison with the initial relations, they are less sensitive to measurement noise. Finally, the impact of the size of the measurement noise domain on the estimated intervals is studied.
A Multi-Objective Model and Algorithms of Aggregate Production Planning of Multi-Product with Early and Late Delivery
Authors: Liu Lanfen , Yang Xinfeng
Published: May 2022

Due to the influence of insufficient production capacity or shortage of production materials, production enterprises may produce products in advance or be backordered. In order to improve the adaptability of enterprises and reduce production costs, the impacts of early delivery and delayed delivery are analyzed, and the method to determine the loss threshold is put forward. Moreover, the maximum allowable shortage of customers with different tardiness is calculated, and the cost of delayed delivery and loss of sales is determined. Considering the production cost, raw material cost, inventory cost, staff cost, stockout, and lost sales cost, an early/delay multi-objective optimization model is developed for an aggregate production planning (APP) problem to minimize total production costs and instability in the workforce. Three algorithms and three different hybrid strategies are designed to solve the model. Finally, some test experiments are employed in order to validate the performance of the proposed evaluation of the three algorithms. The results show that: The method of determining the loss threshold can effectively reflect the double influence of customer satisfaction with waiting time and shortage quantity. The definition of unit tardiness cost reflects the law that it increases gradually with waiting time. The determination of the feasible range of product output and the number of workers in the workforce can reduce the search scope of the algorithm and improve the efficiency of the algorithm.