bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross Sectional Online Survey to Determine the Prevalence, Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Smoking Tobacco Among Students of Medical Science College in Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ahmad Wasim , Ahmad Ayaz , Ali Mohammad Daud , Hassan Yousif Amin , Albanai Raghad Abdullah R , Al-dossary Raghad Barrak , Alabdullah Ahlam Abdullatif
Published: November 2021

Objectives:

The present study was conducted to examine the prevalence of tobacco smoking among students' of different departments of private medical science college at Dammam, as well as to assess students' attitude, practice, knowledge, and awareness towards smoking and its harmful effects.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was performed at Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences (MACHS) in February 2020. Data were obtained through adopted pretested validated questionnaire based on the Global Adult Tobacco Survey. The questionnaire contains demographic details, smoking behavior, knowledge, and behavior attitude toward smoking.

Results:

A total of 388 students completed the questionnaire out of them 108 males (27.8%) and 280 females (76.2%), the prevalence ratio of tobacco use 19.84%. The prevalence ratio of female current smokers was 7.9%, whereas male 11.8%, even though the number of female participants were high. Female students had better knowledge in comparison with male students regarding the harmful effects of tobacco smoking on health (78.7% vs. 82.8%; P ≤ 0.001), and as a risk factor of brain thrombosis (59.2% vs. 60%; P ≤ 0.001), gastric ulcer (55.5% vs. 62.1%; P ≤ 0.001), asthma (62.9% vs. 72.1%; P ≤ 0.001), and lung cancer (81.4% vs. 86.7%; P ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion:

The prevalence of smoking tobacco was relatively low among MACHS students who had good general knowledge regarding the harmful effects of smoking tobacco. This study results showed the harmful effects of smoking and can be used as a basis for the development of tobacco education programs at MACHS and any other institution for providing professional support for students to quit smoking.
Retrospective Assessment of the Reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions in a Malaysian Clinical Training Center
Authors: Elkalmi Ramadan M. , Elnaem Mohamed Hassan , Sapar Nurmisaliza Mohd , Blebil Ali
Published: November 2021

Objectives:

This study aimed to assess the completeness and quality of adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports that were submitted to the Pharmacovigilance Unit (PVU) in clinical training center (CTC), Faculty of Medicine, UiTM Sungai Buloh Campus.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective study was conducted using all ADR reports that were submitted to the PVU in CTC from December 31, 2000, to December 31, 2018. The completeness was assessed by reviewing all the required elements to be filled in the ADR reports. The quality was assessed by investigating the required information in the ADR reporting form. Descriptive statistics have been used to present the findings.

Key Findings:

In a total of 31 reports that were submitted to the PVU in CTC, 98.9% of patient's information and 100% of ADR descriptions were completed. Suspected drug information and the reporter's details were completed by 52.2% and 79.6%, respectively. Of 58.0% of the information about seriousness recorded, 38.9% (n = 7) is mild, 44.4% (n = 8) is moderate, and 16.7% (n = 3) is severe. Among all the suspected medicines, drug class of antibiotics (32.4%, n = 12) is the most reported suspected drugs that caused ADR, followed by opioid analgesic (8.1%, n = 3) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (8.1%, n = 3).

Conclusion:

Further efforts and relevant interventions should be considered to increase the reporting frequency and to enhance the completeness and the quality of the ADR reports in the study setting.
Genetics of hyperuricemia and gout
Authors: Ko Yu-Lin
Published: November 2021

Gout is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis in adults. Elevation serum uric acid (SUA) concentration is known to be the key to gout pathogenesis. Since the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) for SUA was performed in 2007, the number of gene loci known to be associated with hyperuricemia and gout has grown rapidly. GWASs and Mendelian randomization studies have also reported numerous novel results regarding the genetics of hyperuricemia and gout since 2018. We concisely review recent advances in scholarship on the effects of genetics on hyperuricemia and gout risk. We also review data from genetic association studies in Taiwan and perform GWASs of SUA levels among Taiwan Biobank participants.
Saline waters and nitrogen/potassium fertilization combinations on physiological aspects and production of West Indian cherry
Authors: Silva Evandro Manoel da , Gheyi Hans Raj , Nobre Reginaldo Gomes , Soares Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos , Bonifácio Benedito Ferreira
Published: November 2021

This study evaluated the influence of combinations of nitrogen and potassium doses on the physiology and fruit production of West Indian cherry irrigated with waters of different salinities in the second year of cultivation. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Pombal-PB, Brazil, in plastic containers adapted as lysimeters installed in the field, in a randomized block design, 5 x 4 factorial scheme corresponding to five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (ECw): 0.3, 1.3, 2.3, 3.3 and 4.3 dS m-1, and four combinations of nitrogen and potassium fertilization: 70% N + 50% K2O; 100% N + 75% K2O; 130% N + 100% K2O and 160% N + 125% K2O of the dose recommended for West Indian cherry, with three replicates and one plant per plot. The cv. ‘Flor Branca’ was grafted on the cv. ‘Junco’, between 420 and 550 days after transplanting. Nitrogen and potassium combinations did not mitigate the deleterious effects of water salinity on the physiology and fruit formation of West Indian cherry. An increase in ECw intensifies the intercellular electrolyte leakage and reduces the water potential in the branch, chlorophyll content in the leaves, CO2 assimilation rate, equatorial and polar diameters as well as the mass of fruits. Fertilization of plants with 70% N + 50% of K2O, compared to the other fertilization combinations, causes less intercellular electrolyte leakage and promotes higher CO2 assimilation rates, higher chlorophyll content in leaves, and fruits of larger size and mass.

Keywords: Malpighia emarginata D. C, mineral fertilization, salt stress.
Oral administration of Weissella and Pediococcus sp alleviates formalin induced inflammation in rats by Cytokine Modulation
Authors: Oladejo B. O. , Oluwasola H. M.
Published: November 2021

This study was designed to study the cytokine modulatory activity of three lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains, Weisella cibaria II-1-59, Weisella confusa JMC 1093, and Pediococcus pentosaceus DSM20336 isolated from a Nigerian locally fermented food condiment; “iru” using paw oedema acute inflammatory model induced with 1% formalin in Wistar rats. Rats were distributed into six groups (A-F). Rats in Groups A were neither administered formalin nor treated with LAB, while Group B received formalin injection only. Rats in Groups C, D, and E were  administered formalin and were treated orally with 2 × 107 CFU/ml of Weisella cibaria II-1-59, Weisella confusa JMC 1093, and Pediococcus pentosaceus DSM20336 respectively, while Group F received diclofenac sodium treatment following administration of formalin. The dose of LAB strain used for the oral treatment was 2 × 107 CFU/ml for all the groups while the dose of diclofenac sodium used was 150 mg/kg body weight of the rats. Paw thickness (mm) was checked at t = 0, 1, 4, 8, 24, 72, 168 and 336 h. Cytokine assay for C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin (IL-10) and Transforming growth factor (TGF-β) was performed on serum samples of the rats using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Oral administration of W. cibaria II-1-59 showed the best significant decrease in the paw thickness of the rats, which was followed by P. pentosaceus DSM20336 and W. confusa JMC 1093 respectively, and was shown to be statistically significant at P<0.05. There was also a significant decrease (below standard 2000 pg/ml) in the secretion of pro-inflammatory biomarker (CRP) in all LAB treated groups at 1 hour, while there was an increase in the serum levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF- β in Groups C-E rats which was maximally increased in W. confusa JMC 1093 treated rats. This study suggests that W. cibaria II-1-59, W. confusa JMC 1093 and P. pentosaceus DSM20336 possess anti-inflammatory potentials.

Keywords: Inflammation, Cytokines, Weisella, Formalin, Oedema, Pediococcus
Biosynthesis and characterizations of extracellular enzymes of microbial isolates from dairy industrial effluent
Authors: Osho M. B. , Awe-Mathias C. A. K , Onajobi I. B.
Published: November 2021

Diary effluents are environmental pollutant which could serve as source of substrate for microbial enzymes' synthesis. This research investigated the isolation and screening of bacteria and fungi with potential extracellular proteolytic and amylolytic properties from dairy effluents, and their characteristics for maximum enzyme production. Effluent from a dairy industry located in Ibadan, Nigeria, was collected for isolation and screening of microbial species for enzymatic activities. The Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Soluble Solid (TTS), and pH of the effluent were determined using standard procedures. The potential isolates were characterized morphologically and by molecular techniques. Proteolytic and amylolytic activities of isolates were investigated on skimmed milk starch agar respectively and optimized with varying pH (6.0 - 9.0), temperature (27 - 60 °C) and incubation period (12 - 72 h). Data were analyzed by Duncan Multiple Range Test. Biological Oxygen Demand, Total Soluble Solid and pH of the effluent were 14.67 mg/L, 13.33% and 7.58 respectively. Eleven isolates were positive for either protease or amylase synthesis, but only two showed both proteolytic and amylolytic activities and were molecularly characterized as Bacillus stratosphericus CM2HG6 and Aspergillus welwitschiae. Optimization showed that enzyme production by B. stratosphericus CM2HG6 was highest at 35 °C, pH 7.0 for 48 h, and that of A. welwitschiae achieved optimum production at 37 °C, pH 8.0 for 72 h. Under optimized conditions, Bacillus stratosphericus CM2HG6 was the highest amylase and protease producer (24.4 and 30.74 U/ml respectively), while A. welwitschiae was the lowest producer (12.58 and 18.8 U/ml respectively). The study successfully showed that these industrially-important enzymes can be produced by microbial strains isolated from dairy effluent, and production can be further optimized
Tamarind extract pretreatment: Valorization of sugarcane bagasse for cellulase production by Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Kazeem M. O. , Ajijolakewu K. A. , Ahmed El - Imam A.M. , Salau R. B.
Published: November 2021

Effective pretreatment is crucial for cellulase production from sugarcane bagasse. Pretreatment with tamarind extract could reduce the hazardous effect associated with chemical pretreatment. The present work investigated tamarind (Tamarindus indica) extract in combination with H2SO4 and thermal pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse for cellulase production by Aspergillus flavus. The sugarcane bagasse was pretreated with tamarind extract pH 2 and pH 4, followed by 1% H2SO4 and thermal treatment at 121°C for 15 min. The pretreatment slurry was analysed for reducing sugar while solid bagasse was analysed for weight loss. Aspergillus flavus grew on sugarcane bagasse under solid state fermentation and the Carboxy Methyl Cellulase (CMCase) and Filter Paper Assay (FPA) activities were compared on the various pretreatments. The pretreatments changed the visible morphology of the sugarcane bagasse observed by the swelling, fibrous appearance and colour change. Pretreatment slurry yielded highest soluble reducing sugar at 60.01 mg/ml in tamarind extract (pH 4/1% H2SO4 ) and highest weight  loss of solids at 73.70% in tamarind extract (pH 2/1% H2SO4 /thermal 121°C). Aspergillus flavus performed better on tamarind extract (pH 2/1% H2SO4 ) by producing optimal CMCase and FPA activities at 0.100 U/ml and 0.409 U/ml respectively after 3 days of fermentation. Cellulase was maximally active at temperature of 50 °C. The tamarind extract pretreatment successfully proved to be an alternative organo-chemical pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse as evidenced by the physical properties, soluble reducing sugars and cellulase activities.

Keywords: Aspergillus flavus, Cellulase, Pretreatment, Sugarcane bagasse, Tamarind extract
Growth and some surface characterization of tin Sulphide (SnS) thin film by two-electrode cell arrangement for photo absorption
Authors: Lasisi A. R. , Alabi A. B. , Taleatu B. A. , Babalola O. A.
Published: November 2021

This study presented deposition of tin sulphide (SnS) thin film using a two-electrode electrochemical cell arrangement. The bath electrolyte comprised tin sulphate (SnSO4 ), hydrated sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3∙5H2O) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4 ). The acid was used to adjust the pH of the bath. The deposited film was characterised using Surface Profilometer, X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Uv-Visible Spectrophotometer and four point probe technique. Surface profiling revealed that the film is continuous with thickness of about 60 nm. The XRD result showed that the film has orthorhombic crystal structure. Film's crystallite size was estimated as 0.61 nm and interplanar spacing as 0.29 nm. The Uv-visible Spectrophotometer result reveals that, the film has good absorbance but poor reflectance and transmittance in the visible light region. The film has direct allowed transition with energy band gap of 1.69 eV. Values of surface resistivity and conductivity were deduced from data obtained from Four-point probe studies as 5.12 x 10-4Ω-cm and 1.96 x 103Ω-1cm-1 respectively. The I-V characteristics curve of ITO/SnS/Ag structure is linear indicating an Ohmic contact between the substrate electrode and the deposited layer. It can therefore be suggested that the film can allow pathway for photoabsorption and also aid charge transfer in photovoltaic process.

Keywords: tin sulphide, orthorhombic, electrochemical deposition, characterization, photovoltaic and surface resistivity.
Prawo do bycia offline jako podstawowe prawo pracownika
Authors: Moras-Olaś Kinga
Published: November 2021

The right to disconnect as an employees’ fundamental right

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the associated possibilities for the employers to order employees to perform their work remotely has caused the widespread perception of the employee’s right to be offline outside its working hours (also referred to as a “right to disconnect”) as a fundamental right. This article contains a synthetic analysis of the institution of remote working as the main source of threat to employees’ rights as well as considerations with regard to proposed solutions aimed at protecting the employee against such threat. On the one hand, remote work has a protective function being instrumental in safeguarding the continuity of businesses and the employee’s workplace despite the pandemic, but on the other hand, it significantly interferes with the private sphere and may lead to violations of the regulations on working time. The European Parliament’s proposals on the right to be offline should be assessed positively, although they undoubtedly only guarantee an absolute minimum level of protection. The analysis was carried out following the formal dogmatic method also taking into account comparative tools.
Zasiłek dla bezrobotnych byłych funkcjonariuszy i żołnierzy – wybrana problematyka prawna na tle orzecznictwa sądowego
Authors: Paluszkiewicz Magdalena
Published: November 2021

Unemployment benefit for former officers of the uniformed services and soldiers – selected legal issues in the context of court rulings

Although the unemployment benefit is a well-established institution in the Polish legal system, which makes it possible to mitigate the material consequences of unemployment, its practical functioning sometimes encounters serious difficulties, which is illustrated by the extensive court decisions regarding various aspects of the right of former officers of the uniformed services and soldiers to that benefit. The aim of the study is to show the more important problems of interpretation and to formulate proposals of their solution.
The Requirement of Employment under an Employment Relationship in Public Procurement and the Protective Function of the Labour Law
Authors: Moras Małgorzata
Published: November 2021

The issues included in the article focus on a tool ensuring compliance with provisions of the social law and labour law, as well as collective agreements (so-called cross-cutting “social clause” or horizontal clause) and more precisely on the analysis of regulations of Polish Public Procurement Law related to the requirement posed in relation to economic operators or subcontractors, concerning mandatory employment of staff under an employment relationship when they execute public procurement contracts. The regulation fulfils the protective function of the labour law, underlying the priority of employment. It was emphasized that socially responsible public procurement are inseparably connected with compliance with the provisions of the labour law, whose main aim is to protect the employee. The article also analyses selected issues concerning socially responsible public procurement and the notion of an employment relationship.
An exploration into Historical and Political factors for the deviation of the Early Church from Scriptural Principles of Government in Reformed Church perspective
Authors: Zgambo Rev. Dr. Humphreys Frackson
Published: November 2021

The question of church government deals with order and authority of the church. The basic principles for sound church polity base on the Scriptural conviction of the Sovereignty of God and Christ as Head and Ruler of the church. The church moved away from this Scriptural principle due to historical and political factors beyond her authority. The study holds that nowhere in the Scriptures do we find an exclusive picture related to any of the fully developed systems of church government today. The New Testament Scriptures suggest a flexible evolving format of plurality of elders in church polity. The aim of the study is to investigate how some ideas and concepts of church government evolved and developed in the history of the church, how historical and political factors forced the church to shift away from principles of Scripture to advocate for a prelacy theory of government practiced over the centuries. In reformed traditional view, the characteristics of hierarchicalism and clericalism in church structures are not accepted. There is no such a thing as highly hierarchical and clerical or ecclesiastical power in the church of Jesus Christ.
Cumhuriyet Dönemi Çanakkale’sinde Gündelik Yaşamın Belirleyicisi Olarak Eğlence Mekanları (1923-1973)
Authors: ŞAHİN Güneş
Published: November 2021

Cumhuriyet’in ilan edilmesiyle birlikte topyekûn bir modernleşme sürecine giren iktidar tüm olanakları ile birlikte sosyal yaşamın değişimi ve dönüşümü için mücadele vermiştir. Deniz kenarında küçük bir kent görünümünde olan Çanakkale’de kamusal bir alan yaratılmasında, sahil kenarının kullanılması, modernleşme pratiğinin mekânsal uygulama alanları olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Çalışmada, kuramsal biçimde kamusal mekan ve gündelik hayat tahlili yapmaktan ziyade Çanakkale’de cumhuriyet döneminde eğlence kültürünün gelişimine etkileri olan ve gündelik hayat içinde kullanılan restoran, aile çay bahçesi ve şehir kulübü gibi mekanların gündelik yaşamdaki katkılarına temas edilmiştir. Üst sınıfların siyasal iktidarla olan ilişkilerinin de geliştiği şehir kulübünün yanında halkevi, restoran, panayır, aile çay bahçesi ya da gazinosu gibi mekanlar da kentte vatandaşların gündelik yaşamları içerisinde belirleyici olmuştur. Vatandaşların gittikleri yerler sadece eğlenceli vakit geçirme ya da sosyalleşmenin ötesinde aslında sınıfsal bir temsil yeri olarak da kendini göstermiştir. Dolayısıyla söz konusu mekanlar Çanakkale halkının gündelik ha-yatlarında, zamanlarını nasıl geçirdikleri ve birbirleriyle ne tarz ilişkiler kurduklarının ortaya çıkarılması açısından belirgin ipuçlarına sahiptir. Bu ipuçlarından yola çıkılarak cumhuriyetin modernleşme hamlelerine kentte ne ölçüde ulaşılabildiğini tespit etmek çalışmanın ana hedeflerinden biridir.
The Microsite
Authors: Šula Tomáš , Banyár Milan
Published: November 2021

This paper deals with the analysis of microsites as a low-cost marketing communication tool used to effectively address prospective applicants for admissions to higher education institutions. The paper contains the analysis of the microsite www.ustav44.cz, which has been created to promote the Department of Marketing Communications at Tomas Bata University in Zlín. Specifically, it has been created to promote the degree course in Marketing Communications. The authors of the paper describe the individual stages of the microsite design as well as its implementation and launch, including a subsequent analysis of its functionality and overall effectiveness within a selected target group. Based on the survey results, a proposal outlining how to improve particular user elements of this microsite and how to improve the microsite as a whole has been developed. The final part of this paper contains general instructions and basic tips that may help readers create a microsite of a similar type.
A Study on the Direction of AI Liberal Arts Education Based on the AI Perceptions of Freshmen in University
Authors: Moon Kyonghi , Yang Jayoung , Park Seongho
Published: November 2021

In the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution, AI competency is essential not only for computer majors but also for non-majors. Therefore, AI courses are being offered as liberal arts education for non-majors at universities. Compared to designing a curriculum for AI majors, when designing an AI curriculum for non-majors their experiences and perceptions of AI must be taken into account.The purpose of this study is to examine the direction that the design of a liberal arts AI curriculum needs to take by examining the experiences and perceptions of AI among freshmen at university. A survey was conducted on 286 freshmen enrolled in the Humanities, Social Studies, and Arts departments of P University at the beginning of the first semester of 2021. The questionnaire consisted of questions to determine the degree of experience the students had with AI, as well as questions to determine their overall perception of AI. Based on the results of the survey, the correlation between their AI experience and their perception of AI was also examined. Furthermore, we considered the direction that AI liberal arts education should take for non-majors in universities. I hope this study will help us better design an AI liberal arts curriculum.
Real-time Online College Writing Teaching Methods to Promote Interaction Between Class Members －Based on the results of analyzing the needs of college students
Authors: Lee Yun-Bin
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study is to construct and propose real-time online college writing teaching methods to promote interaction between class members (instructor-learner, learner-learner).
Through surveys and interviews with learners who hadn’t experienced real-time, online college writing education, we confirmed that the main perceptions and demands of learners for real-time online classes were as follows: First, the learners’ reluctance to show oneself in such a class and the demand for interaction with minimal online exposure. Second, the burden of writing in an isolated environment and the demand for detailed assistance of instructor’s in the writing process. Third, the reluctance to show the learner’s written text and the demand for receiving sufficient feedback anonymously.
Therefore, this study proposed the following three teaching methods: First, a method to ensure learner anonymity to allow learners to participate in classes using a “sub-character” rather than their real names. Second, to conduct a short [lecture-practice-feedback] method, instead of a one-time [lecture-practice] method, was implemented several times in one class. Thirdly, to simultaneously share the learners' practice results through chat windows and to provide multiple types of feedback.
This study confirmed that the proposed methods promote interaction between members in an online writing education environment and generate positive teaching and learning effects by reviewing specific class application cases and the learners' responses to these classes.
Foreign Language Course for General Education on the Basis of Learner’s Knowledge －Focusing on the case of a 〈Basic German course〉 at the H. University
Authors: Jeong Hyeryun
Published: November 2021

Foreign language courses for General Education generally suffer from poor conditions when it comes to the promotion of the communicative competence of learners. This is due to the predominance of frontal teaching, an insufficient number of lessons, different learner language portfolios, etc. However, learners present many advantages for language acquisition, e.g., the linguistic foundation provided by their mother tongue, their world knowledge, and their English learning experience. Therefore, the limits of the foreign language course for General Education may be overcome by the learners themselves. Thus, such courses should not focus on communicative competence, but rather should serve to strengthen the characteristics of General Education. Above all, motivating learners and promoting autonomous learning are the most important tasks that foreign language courses for General Education should strive to achieve.
The Necessity and Method of Death Education as a Liberal Arts Subject
Authors: Hwang Sul Joong
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this essay is to create and promote a discourse on how to develop and operate convergence education within the liberal arts. Currently, the liberal arts curriculum is suffering from considerable difficulties caused by the logic of capital that has penetrated into universities. In such a crisis situation, death education can be an important motive for restoring the value of liberal arts. Students must one day face their own death. In the face of existential and ontological death, students are forced to ask the most valuable and meaningful questions in life, and these questions contain the classic essence of the liberal arts.Death has a very complex and multi-layered nature that can not be dealt with only by a single major subject. In order to fully and deeply deal with death, convergence education is needed. As death is a mirror that reflects life as a whole, it is necessary for us to review carefully the various and opposing views and positions on death together. Therefore, rather than having one professor in charge of death education, it is much more effective for many professors with different majors to participate in the lecture as possible. Seen in this light, a lecture on ‘Life and Death’ as an example of convergence education in the liberal arts is presented. By participating in free and open discussion about the problems of life and death without trying to provide only one right answer, students can gain a broader perspective on human beings and the world, as well as have an opportunity to reflect on their own lives and make independent decisions.
A study on the improvement of basic general mathematics according to changes in the basic mathematical ability of first-year college students in the fields of science and engineering
Authors: Choi Hye Yoon , Shim Sang Kil
Published: November 2021

The objective of this study is to examine changes in the Mathematics Curriculum and the College Scholastic Ability Test that affect the changes in the Basic Mathematical Ability of students enrolled in Science and Engineering departments and to compare and analyze the educational contents of basic general mathematics completed by first-year students in science and engineering fields in order to provide improvement plans for basic general mathematics. In Korea, whenever the mathematics curriculum is revised, the content covered in the previous curriculum is deleted or weakened in order to optimize the educational content, and ‘Calculus’ and ‘Geometry’ are required for science and engineering students to choose in the college scholastic ability test. Thus, the basic academic ability of mathematics is lowered, and it is difficult to complete the basic general mathematics taught in the first year of university. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to analyze the mathematics and curriculum to include deleted or weakened contents in the university's basic general mathematics, to understand the students' basic academic ability in mathematics, and to operate basic general mathematics by level or operate basic mathematics courses. In addition, when revising the mathematics both in curriculum and the university scholastic ability test, the opinions of professors in charge of basic general mathematics education at universities should be sufficiently reflected to minimize changes in key factors for students to complete basic general mathematics, and it is necessary to provide policy support at the national level for the development and operation of the curriculum for general mathematics education at a college level.
A study on untact online class operation －Focusing on 〈Inference and Argumentation〉 classes at University B
Authors: Ha Youngmi
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced the majority of universities in Korea to switch to untact classes. However, we now expect that untact classes will expand even into the post-coronavirus era. Online learning has advantages when it comes to convenience, connectivity, and accessibility. In addition, many of the students who have experienced untact online classes expect to expand online classes if the qual-ity of the classes is guaranteed. Considering these points, it is necessary for us to seek qualitative improvements in the operation of untact classes.This study examines practical educational strategies and their effects in untact situations using the  course at University B in Bus-an as an example. The course consisted of pre-recorded video and real-time video classes in parallel every other week. In the pre-video class, students take in theo-retical explanations and conduct example solving activities, and assignments are required. The real-time class consists of the students solving the assignments tog-ether, so that prior learning and the real-time classes are organically linked. In the real-time class, students' problem solving was checked through chatting, enab-ling learners to understand and reinforce their understanding of learning. The eff-ectiveness of this untact class operation is checked through a questionnaire. In the questionnaire, not only the level of improvement in critical and logical thinking skills before and after learning were measured, but also their understanding of pre-recorded video classes. Although this is subjective survey, it is possible for us to gauge how much the learners' academic achievement has improved, as well as the educational efficacy they feel through the untact operation of the course.
CONCEPTUAL STUDY ON CLINICAL APPLICATION OF YAVAGU KALPANA
Authors: Thakre Swati , Nalkande Mangesh
Published: November 2021

In Ayurveda many times Aushadhi Dravya’s our combined with Aahariya Dravya’s in different conditions where the patient is not able to consume the medicine due to their Virya Pradhanta, Bala Kshya or Ag-nimandhya “Yavagu Kalpna” is one of the Ahariya Kalpna which when siddha with Aushadhi Dravya’s can be used in different conditions for eradication of the disease. Yavagu not only cure’s the disease but also helps in the prevention of a disease by its different properties and nutritive value. So, in this review “Yavagu Kalpana” is critically analysed & compiled from Ayurveda text for their clinical application in future.

Keywords: Yavagu, Aushadhi Dravya, Aahariya Dravya
Professional and public accreditation of basic educational programs in the field of railway transport
Authors: Chaplinsky S. I.
Published: November 2021

Professional and public accreditation is increasingly included in the practice of interaction between employers and the education system. Topical issues of carrying out the procedure of professional and public accreditation of basic educational programs implemented for the training of qualified personnel in the field of railway transport are considered. The goals and objectives of professional and public accreditation are outlined, practical aspects that help an educational organization to effectively go through the appropriate procedure are highlighted.

The presented experience is the result of the author's practical work on the organization of professional and public accreditation of basic educational programs on behalf of employers of railway transport.
Advanced training in industry education
Authors: Aleshchenko N. M.
Published: November 2021

The experience of the Federal Agency for Railway Transport (Roszheldor) conducting annual training courses for the heads of educational institutions of secondary vocational education and heads of state universities of railways supervising their work, organized by the Training and Methodological Center for Education in Railway Transport, considered. The main issues and problems that were discussed from September 13 to 16, 2021 at the courses “Improving the quality of secondary vocational education in the field of railway transport: prospects and ways of development”, held on the basis of the Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University.

The topical issues, the study of which is devoted to the event: the results of the work of educational institutions of secondary vocational education of Roszheldor; interaction of educational organizations of Roszheldor with the main employer — JSC Russian Railways; educational and methodological support of basic professional educational programs of secondary vocational education; new organizational and methodological mechanisms in the system of secondary vocational education through Federal educational and methodological association; introduction of technological innovations into secondary vocational education in railway transport through professional skill con-tests; WorldSkills championships; informational, organizational, scientific and methodological resources for solving problems of training mid-level specialists for railway transport.
Comparative analysis of the structure of passenger transportation in Russia
Authors: Sugorovsky A. V. , Voronina E. V. , Karpova E. R. , Podverbnykh A. A.
Published: November 2021

Passenger transport of the country has a significant impact on the level of its economic development, providing the connection of the population with objects of industrial, social, cultural and household purposes.

In Russia, intercity passenger transportation by public transport is mainly represented by bus, rail, aviation (aircraft) and water (domestic). The article analyzes the dynamics of passenger transportation and passenger turnover of public transport for the period from 2015 to 2020, presents a calculation of the number of flights performed by bus, rail, air (aircraft) and water (domestic) transport, identifies the reasons for the lack of development of passenger transportation and suggests solutions.

It is established that inland water transport is currently undergoing decline and state intervention is necessary for their development. Also, during the period under review, there is a decrease in the popularity of buses and a preference for private transport to public, it is necessary to improve the quality of transportation. The indicators of air and rail transport have positive dynamics, but they also require growth. The development of air transport in Russia can be carried out by the introduction of new services, for example, air taxi, rail-transport in the field of urban and suburban communications, the construction of new high - speed highways. In 2020, due to the announcement of restrictions on movement and quarantine measures, there is a sharp decline in indicators for all types of transport.

The materials can be used to analyze and improve the work of the country's passenger complex.
Digital transformation of workers interaction of workers railway station
Authors: Devyatkina V. A. , Nikitina A. A. , Shutov I. N.
Published: November 2021

The issues of interaction of railway station personnel when troubleshooting infrastructure malfunctions are considered on the example of track devices and signaling, centralization and blocking equipment. Examples of specific solutions to problem situations are given when training a duty officer at a railway station using a simulator representing virtual workplaces of a duty officer and/or train dispatcher. The experience and options for using the simulator in the motion control laboratory are described. The relevance of the publication is associated with the digital transformation of management and the need to train staff at railway stations to interact in a virtual simulation of the transportation process. Changes in the display on the monitor of the simulator in the sequence of actions of the attendant at the railway station are shown. Examples of discrepancy between real methods of troubleshooting at the station and the software of the training complex are given. The perspective of development of virtual control technologies using artificial intelligence is explained. The current instructions and normative documents are used as information materials. A variant of paperwork is proposed as a result of the interaction of employees of various subordination in accordance with the requirements of the current regulatory and technological documents.

As scientific methods, the content analysis of the protocols of the students' work on the simulators was used, analytical comparisons of the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the work on the organization of the transportation process during the digital transformation of management were carried out. The didactic forms of using digital simulators in educational work and other forms of educational activity are listed. The results obtained are in improving the quality of training students in professional competencies, ensuring the demand for graduates of educational institutions of the middle level of railway transport in the promising labor market.
Historical aspects of transportation of oil cargo during the Great Patriotic War
Authors: Kurenkov P. V. , Chebotareva E. A. , Solop I. A.
Published: November 2021

Economic development cannot be imagined without oil and petroleum products. The rhythmic and efficient operation of industrial enterprises and other sectors of the national economy depends on uninterrupted supplies, therefore, logistics transport schemes for the delivery of petroleum products are very important. Such types of transportation are well studied in the modern period, but until now no one has considered them in wartime. An attempt is made to analyze the variety of delivery schemes and their diversification during the war with the aim of applying the experience in peacetime.

The experience of organizing the transportation of oil cargo during military events is considered, the historical aspects of the use of unique schemes for the delivery of oil cargo are disclosed. The study of schemes for the transportation of oil cargo in transport and logistics systems in the historical context gives an idea of the uniqueness of individual delivery methods. Thanks to the feat of the oilmen and sailors, the supply of the front through the Caspian Sea Baku — Krasnovodsk and Baku — Astrakhan was established. From the very first days of the Great Patriotic War, oil Baku has been supplying the front with oil and oil products without interruption.

The study of historical facts shows that the schemes for the transportation of oil cargo have always been aimed at the maximum interaction of modes of transport and the use of their technical advantages. The possibility of using modern transport and technological systems for oil transportation, which have been developed by expanding the development of logistics tools and principles of logistics, is given.
Bulanık Mantık Yaklaşımıyla Süneklik Düzeyi Sınırlı Betonarme Kirişlerin Kesme Dayanımlarının Hesabı
Authors: ÖZTEKİN Ertekin
Published: November 2021

Bu çalışmada, süneklik düzeyi sınırlı dikdörtgen kesitli betonarme kirişlerin kesme dayanımının hesabı için bulanık mantık yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada, kesit genişliği, kesit yüksekliği, brüt beton örtüsü kalınlığı, karakteristik beton basınç dayanımı ve etriye aralığı değişken parametre olarak, dikdörtgen betonarme kesitin kesme dayanımı ise çıktı olarak tanımlanmıştır. Çalışmada değişken parametrelerinin dikkate alınan değerlerinin tüm kombinasyonu için 600 adet örnek problem datası ile Kesme dayanımı için geliştirilen bulanık mantık modeli oluşturulmuş ve bu datanın haricinde 120 farklı problem ile oluşturulan model doğrulanmaya çalışılmıştır. Test sonuçları üzerinde gerçekleştirilen irdelemelerde ortalama mutlak yüzde hata değeri % 0.22 olarak, korelasyon katsayısı R2 =0.9997 olarak elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu sonuçlar ile bu çalışmada geliştirilen bulanık mantık modelinin dikdörtgen betonarme kirişlerin hesabında kullanılabileceği ortaya konulmuştur.
DIVERSITY OF EARTHWORMS (CLITELLATA: OLIGOCHAETA) FROM SERBIAN SIDE OF ŠAR MOUNTAIN
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies, Sekulić Jovana , Stojanović Mirjana , Trakić Tanja , Radosavljević Slobodanka , Popović Filip
Published: November 2021

This paper presents the currently known records on the diversity of earthworm fauna on Šar Mountain. The Šar Mt. is located in the south part of Serbia and is a part of the Šar-Pindus Mountain system. The complete list of present taxa of the family Lumbricidae in the researches area was formed by reviewing data from old collections, relevant literary sources and by its own field research in the period from 2019 to 2020. The list comprises 24 taxa, belonging to 10 genera of the family Lumbricidae. The genera with the largest number of the registered taxa are Dendrobaena (7) and Aporrectodea (5), while the genera Bimastos, Eiseniella, Helodrilus, Octodrilus and Octolasion are represented by one taxon. With respect to the zoogeographical analysis, the majority of the recorded taxa belong to the group of peregrine species (12). The endemic species are represented by two taxa and belong to the genera Dendrobaena and Helodrilus. The Balkan endemic subspecies Helodrilus balcanicus plavensis (Karaman, 1972) and illyric Dendrobaena illyrica (Cognetti, 1906), were recorded on new sites from the Šar Mt., that represent the southernmost limits of the geographical range of these species at the moment.
DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS AND SECONDARY METABOLITES OF „PEUCEDANUM OREOSELINUM“ (APIACEAE)
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Pavlović M. , Simić Z. , Đelić Gorica
Published: November 2021

The total quantity of metals (Mg, Ca, Ni, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) in soil samples and in sixteen different extracts from plant parts of Peucedanum oreoselinum (L.) Moench as well as the content of total phenols and flavonoids in plant extracts was determined. The contents of metals were determined by the atomic absorption spectrometer. Based on the average values of the metal concentration in the soil, they could be arranged in the following sequence: Fe > Ca > Mg > Mn > Zn > Cu > Ni. Soil concentrations of all tested metals were lower than the maximum allowed concentration. The results demonstrated that the analyzed plant extracts contained higher quantities of Ni and Ca. Although the studied species accumulate analyzed metals in different quantities, they are not hyperaccumulators of these metals. Total phenols were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and their amounts ranged from 1.94 to P. oreoselinum, hyperaccumulation, phenols, flavonoids32.38 mg GA/g. The amounts of flavonoids in plant extracts were in range from 0.69 to 25.83 mg RU/g. We examined the correlation of metals and the phenolic compounds content in the extracts. According to our results the use P. oreoselinum for tea preparation is safe to a great extent for people, because in spite of the determined metal absorption by plant organs, the tea does not contain dangerous quantity of heavy metals. Also, it is suitable for the preparation of teas and herbal extracts due to minimal content of toxic metal (Ni), phenols and flavonoids.
CONSUMPTION OF RAW WATER – THE HEALTH RISKS RELATED TO THE PRESENCE OF HEAVY METALS AND „ESCHERICHIA COLI“
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies, Grujović Mirjana , Mladenović Katarina , Simić Zoran , Đuretanović Simona
Published: November 2021

This research aimed to investigate the quality of drinking water from the rural area of village Pajsijević (Šumadija, central Serbia). The water is consumed as raw since it is not purified or chlorinated before consumption. The water was collected at three sampling points – in the spring of Kotlenik Mountain stream (W1 sample), in the local reservoir (W2 sample), and from the tap (W3 sample). Also, the sediment samples (soil and sand) were analyzed, too. The health risks related to the presence and concentration of some major and trace elements (Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Zn) and N, NO, NN3, NH4, P, P2O5, and PO4 were evaluated. Additionally, the presence and the number of total coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli (as an indicator of fecal contamination) were evaluated. The concentrations of analyzed major and trace elements in all water samples were below those at which toxic effects may occur. The exception was the concentrations of Fe (2.02 – 2012 mg/L), which were higher than is allowed. The origin of Fe in water is from sediment (soil and sand), which also showed high content of Fe (3006.0 mg/g and 2229.9 mg/g, respectively). The results of the Colorimetric test indicated the presence of coliform bacteria as well as the presence of E. coli in all water samples. Further research needs to include characterization of isolated coliform bacteria and serological investigation of E. coli strains in order to evaluate the risks of consumption related to waterborne illness.
PRELIMINARY RESULTS REGARDING PHYLOGENY OF THE NOBLE CRAYFISH (DECAPODA, ASTACIDAE, „ASTACUS ASTACUS“) IN SERBIA
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Đuretanović Simona , Veličković Tijana , Milošković Aleksandra , Radenković Milena , Nikolić Marijana , Maguire Ivana , Simić Vladica
Published: November 2021

The noble crayfish is one of the three autochthonous species that inhabit the freshwater ecosystems of Serbia, along with stone and Danube crayfish. The noble crayfish has a complex historical and genetic status shaped by geological events, habitat loss, pollution, translocations, and reintroductions of both autochthonous and allochthonous crayfish species. That led to the disruption of the species genetic structure, mixing, and loss of populations across Europe. According to recent data, its populations in the freshwater ecosystems of Serbia are significantly reduced, so it has the status of a "strictly protected species". The genetic structure of the species must be known for endangered species conservation. Unfortunately, there is lack of such data for the territory of Serbia, which due to its position on the Balkan Peninsula, was an important refuge during the glaciation period. In this paper, the genetic structure of seven crayfish populations in freshwater ecosystems of Serbia was examined. Analyzes were performed on the COI and 16S rRNA genes of mitochondrial DNA. The study results showed a significant diversity of COI and 16S rRNA haplotypes compared to already described haplotypes. Three haplotypes were detected, of which Hap26 is the most common and was detected in five studied populations. Haplotypes Hap47 and Hap49 were detected in one and two populations, respectively. The results obtained in this study, together with previously published morphometric data, represent a good starting point for further genetic and population research, which are the basis for the proposal of conservation measures.