bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Técnicas estadísticas de análisis multivariante aplicadas a la interpretación de variables del cambio climático
Authors: Rosal Chicas Jose Antonio
Published: May 2018

Los métodos multivariados son una herramienta de mucha aplicación en series de datos con gran cantidad de variables, las cuales muchas veces no tienen una correlación directa, pero de los cuales se necesita hacer interpretaciones y estimaciones.  Un ejemplo son todos los datos que pueden estar relacionados con el cambio climático. Los países hacen mediciones de muchos factores que pueden ser causa o son consecuencia del mismo. Esto aporta bases de datos muy grandes, que son de difícil interpretación.  Los métodos de análisis como el de componentes principales o el factorial, ayudan a la interpretación y agrupamiento de gran número de parámetros en series más sencillas. Para este estudio se utilizaron datos del Banco Mundial, en específico para los países de América Latina. Se eligieron datos sobre tierras agrícolas, área selvática, áreas terrestres protegidas, crecimiento de la población, población total, crecimiento de la población urbana y población urbana. Todas estas parecen tener cierta correlación, pero la misma no es tan evidente y en especial cuando se trata de mediciones en diferentes unidades.  Sin embargo con el método de componentes principales se lograron encontrar grupos que se pueden relacionar con la necesidad de alimento,  con la necesidad de tierra para vivienda y con la pérdida de ecosistemas. En el caso del análisis factorial, los grupos en los factores encontrados muestran conceptos como el uso de la tierra, las poblaciones totales y los crecimientos poblacionales. En ambos análisis se evidencia la utilidad de estos métodos para interpretación de grandes grupos de datos.
Desigualdad, equidad e inclusión en la educación superior de Honduras
Authors: Mejia-Castillo Harin Joel
Published: May 2018

El presente documento constituye un análisis de la situación actual de la educación en Honduras en cuanto a la desigualdad, inclusión y equidad educativa.  Para ello es fundamental y necesario conocer las tendencias políticas del país y de la región.  Los parámetros evaluados se han vinculado fuertemente con la pobreza generada por las distintas oportunidades en educación, empleo y bajos ingresos económicos.  En Honduras se muestra una ligera reducción de la desigualdad en 2011 respecto al 2009 esto a pesar de: la crisis política y social vivida en el país en 2009.  Los actuales esfuerzos por mejorar la equidad de la educación se enfocan en la búsqueda de intervenciones que, gestionando los escasos recursos disponibles, disminuyan las brechas en el acceso y el desempeño escolar asociados a las diferencias por estratos socioeconómicos, grupos étnicos, género, o por región de residencia de los estudiantes.
Metodologías para analizar los factores que limitan al docente en la integración inclusiva de los niños y niñas con necesidades educativas especiales
Authors: Lindo Ivett Francisca , Zuniga-Gonzalez Carlos Alberto
Published: May 2018

Este estudio pretende analizar las diferentes estrategias metodológicas aplicadas por los y las docentes a niños con necesidades educativas asociadas a una discapacidad las técnicas utilizadas para la recopilación de la información serán: Análisis  documental entrevistas observación a .Director, Docentes Padres de Familias, especialistas en Educación inclusiva y a niños y niñas con necesidades educativas especiales.
La metodología de investigación evaluativa una alternativa para la valoración de proyectos
Authors: Mejia-Castillo Harin Joel
Published: May 2018

El presente ensayo se centró en una revisión de la literatura acerca de la metodología de investigación evaluativa con el objetivo de profundizar este modelo pertinente en la valoración de proyectos sociales y especialmente educativos, por su flexibilidad y rigurosidad en términos de tiempo, espacio, actores, objetivos y resultados. En este sentido la conceptualización del estudio nos indica que la investigación evaluativa bebe entenderse como un proceso riguroso, controlado y sistemático de recogida y análisis de información valida y fiable para tomar decisiones acerca del programa educativo. Además de ello en este ensayo se presenta un resumen de los modelos y visiones de la investigación evaluativa en educación, analizándose el modelo CIPP como sus tipos de evaluación.
Orientation and Experience in the Perception of Form: A Study with the Arizona Whale–Kangaroo
Authors: Kihlstrom John F. , Peterson Mary A. , McConkey Kevin M. , Cranney Jacquelyn , Glisky Martha L. , Rose Patricia M.
Published: May 2018

When subjects are presented with the Arizona whale–kangaroo, an ambiguous figure, perception of the whale is more common than perception of the kangaroo. However, this difference is smaller in Australian than American subjects. Perception of the kangaroo is more orientation dependent than perception of the whale, which is perceived at all orientations of the stimulus. Together with the difference between subject populations, this effect reveals an influence of past experience on the perception of this new ambiguous figure. Perception of the whale versus the kangaroo differs in both reconstrual of parts and realignment of the object-centered reference frame. Observers report reference frame reconstruals before reference frame reversals, shedding light on the organization of object memory.
An Investigation of Prospective Memory with Output Monitoring in Preschool Children
Authors: Kelly Andrew J. , Perdue Bonnie M. , Love Melany W. , Parrish Audrey E. , Beran Michael J.
Published: May 2018

The ability to perform an intended behavior in some future circumstance, known as prospective memory (PM), is an important cognitive ability for young children to develop. In this study, we examined PM in preschool children, with the addition of an output monitoring component, which is the ability to remember whether a previously intended action was completed. Participants were engaged in an ongoing task of sorting cards with a variety of images such as animals, tools, and foods by the size of pictures on the card. They were also instructed to sort any cards with animals into cardboard boxes marked as zoos. The first time any given animal was seen, it was to be placed in “Zoo 1,” and if the same animal was noticed again, it was to be placed in “Zoo 2.” Participants completed the task 3 times (each with different targets) on 3 separate days. Participants’ PM accuracy improved with practice. There was a relationship between age and PM performance on the first trial, with older children detecting more PM targets. This relationship was not present on the second and third trials, and a significant relationship between ongoing task errors and PM performance emerged, such that making fewer errors on the sorting task was associated with better PM performance. Regarding output monitoring errors, children most frequently placed both occurrences of the same PM target in the first zoo.
Differences in Vocabulary Knowledge as a Function of Children’s Oral Comprehension Performance in Greek: A Cross-Sectional Developmental Study
Authors: Chrysochoou Elisavet , Bablekou Zoe , Kazi Smaragda , Tsigilis Nikolaos
Published: May 2018

The present cross-sectional developmental study examined differences in vocabulary knowledge as a function of children’s oral comprehension skill and age. Participants (174 children, aged 5.5, 7.5, and 9.5 years) were presented with oral stories in Greek, accompanied by questions tapping higher-order comprehension skills (generation of necessary and elaborative inferences, simile comprehension, and comprehension control). Children performing at the highest and the lowest 25% of every age level were identified as skilled and less-skilled oral comprehenders, respectively (5.5. years: 14 vs. 17, 7.5 years: 15 vs. 15, and 9.5 years: 15 vs. 19, less-skilled vs. skilled comprehenders). Participants were assessed with a receptive vocabulary task and with short-term and working memory tasks. In line with our hypotheses, the effect of comprehension skill on vocabulary knowledge increased in our eldest group, even when we controlled for memory effects. Our findings contribute to the discussion of advantages observed in vocabulary growth for skilled comprehenders, attributed to a significant extent to their early linguistic experiences and oral language skills rather than their intellectual and learning potential. We point at the additive value of identifying comprehension skill groups based on oral measures, allowing for the evaluation of higher-order text processing skills from the critical preschool years.
Listening, Muhabbet, and the Practice of Masculinity
Authors: Gill Denise
Published: May 2018

This article extends debates interrogating the sonic and affective intricacies of how muhabbet—intimate social practices in which individuals gather to make music, converse, and share stories—structures gender difference. Extensive ethnographic fieldwork in Istanbul reveals how a particular community of Turkish classical musicians and Islamic artisans recognize their muhabbet as forming an alternative masculinity that resists dominant, normative gender norms. These men astutely understand that more than musical participation or voicing, listening and silentness are the most constitutive elements of making muhabbet and becoming better men.

Bu makale, musiki yapmak için toplanan bir grubun, muhabbet üzerinden toplumsal cinsiyetin sınırlarını yeniden yorumlamasını konu alıyor. Kendilerini klasik Türk musikisine adamış müzisyen ve İslam zanaatkâları olarak tanımlayan bir grup erkeğin, muhabbete iştirak ederek nasıl bir alternatif erkeklik alanı oluşturdukları ve toplumsal cinsiyet normları dışında nasıl bir söylem üretebildikleri, İstanbul’da gerçekleştirmiş olduğum saha çalışması ışığında inceleniyor. Bahsi geçen erkekler için asıl erdemin muhabbete iştirak etmektense sükûnet ve dinlemekte yattığı tartışmaya açılıyor.
“Like a Cry from the Heart”: An Insider’s View of the Genesis of Alan Lomax’s Ideas and the Legacy of His Research: Part I
Authors: Wood Anna L. C.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. This article takes us on a journey into the origins of Cantometrics and other interdisciplinary studies of expressive style undertaken by Alan Lomax (1915–2002) in collaboration with Conrad Arensberg (1910–97), Victor Grauer, Forrestine Paulay, Edith Trager, Norman Markel, and others. Using archival sources, it traces their theoretical development, influences, methodologies, and outcomes as accretions of knowledge, observation, and converging streams of thought. It documents the trail of Lomax’s discourse with a wide range of authorities and collaborators. I render a candidly critical portrait of Lomax (my father) in relation to his work, collaborations, and rhetorical style.
Interview with Mira Puacz, Owner of Polonia Bookstore, Chicago
Authors: Ziółkowska-Boehm Aleksandra
Published: May 2018

An interview with Mira Puacz, the retiring longtime owner of Polonia Bookstore in Chicago. For nearly half a century Polonia Bookstore functioned as a leading center of Polish literary and artistic activity in Chicago, and the entire United States. Among other matters, the discussion covers the founding of the store in 1969 by Edward Puacz, the interviewee’s late husband, its contacts with Polish authors and Polish scholars and publishing houses in emigration, and its own catalogue of publications.
The Psychogeographical Understanding of Identity in both Elizabeth Gilbert’s Eat, Pray, Love and Mitch Albom’s Tuesday’s with Morrie
Authors: Zaki Al-Hasan Aya Fayiz , Bani-Khair Baker M
Published: May 2018

This study questions the effect of geography on the identity of the main characters in Elizabeth Gilbert's Eat, Pray,Love and Mitch Albom's Tuesdays with Morrie. This study also sheds light on the psychogeographical awarenessregarding identity growth and maturity in the major characters due to geographical drives. It mainly appliesBachelard, Merlin, and Debord's Psychogeographical theories on both memoirs. It studies the effect of travelling tothree different countries on the identity formation of Liz. It also shows the effect of going to another city to visit thedying professor on Mitch. It also shows how New York which is the place the two characters live in, affects theiridentity formation process. It is indeed an important factor on the identity formation of both characters. It is one ofthe essential elements in the formation of identity. Individuals still may change while they are in the same place butthat does not decrease the importance of changing the place on one’s identity.
The Role of Persian Elaboration on Incidental Vocabulary Learning from Reading by EFL Learners
Authors: Vaezi Shahin , Biri Aso , Moradi Farhang
Published: May 2018

This study attempted to tap into the potential of reading for incidental vocabulary learning by exposing EFL learnersto elaborated texts. This study was also concerned with investigating learners’ attitudes toward using elaboratedpassages in their reading classes. To this end, 38 students were selected as the participants of this research anddivided into two groups. Students attending the experimental group (N=20) read Persian elaborated texts in whichthe Persian meanings of the specified target words were provided in apposition to them. On the other hand, studentsof the control group (N=18) were required to read the non-elaborated version of the aforementioned texts. Generally,the results of the post-test pointed to the effectiveness of this approach in incidental vocabulary learning, and theparticipants of the experimental group were found to gain a significant vocabulary improvement in comparison to thecontrol group. Furthermore, the interview suggested that students held positive attitudes to reading elaborated textsand regarded them as effective in their vocabulary learning experience. The findings of this study have implicationsfor material developers who need to reconsider the role of modified materials.
Synthesis of Analogues of Dicoumarol and Their Biological Evaluation
Authors: Obi Julie , Ezenwa Tagbo
Published: May 2018

Both symmetrical (1a-f) and asymmetrical (2a-f) analogues of dicoumarol were synthesized in 20 – 86% yield by using microwave assisted one-pot protocol. Their ability to inhibit NAD (P)H:oxidorectase quinone 1 (NQO1) and cytotoxicity towards A549 small lung cancer cell line were evaluated. Interestingly, (E)-3-(2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-y)chroman-2,4-dione (2d) showed not only moderate inhibitory potency (IC50 = 20 ± 6 nM) towards NQO1 but also was toxic (IC50 = 9.2 ± 0.2 µM) towards the A549 small lung cancer cell line.
W poszukiwaniu błękitnego kwiatu, czyli o romantycznym ideale Bildung w Henryku von Ofterdingen Novalisa
Authors: Rolka Malwina
Published: May 2018

The main aim of the paper is reconstruction of the concept of Bildung (considered as forming
the man’s personality) in an educational novel entitled Henry von Ofterdingen written by Novalis
(Friedrich von Hardenberg). Novalis’s novel – inspired by Goethe’s Wilhelm Meister Lehrejahre – is
one of the most original early romantic works which prove the importance of the idea of Bildung
for German culture at the beginning of the 19th century. In the first part of the text the author
discusses the literary image of Bildung presented in the plot of the novel and then indicates its
inner contradiction. In the second part of the article the author reconstructs the philosophical
roots of this ideal regarding Novalis’s notion of Bildung in light of the thought of German
idealism (transcendental philosophy of Immanuel Kant and Johann Gottlieb Fichte in particular)
because the theory of romantic progressive poetry (elaborated most fully by Friedrich Schlegel)
originates there. The perspective taken in the paper allows the author to reveal the universal
significance of the inner contradiction of the romantic idea of forming man’s personality as a sign
of the fundamental crisis of the modern ideal of humanity.
Filozoficzne aspekty koncepcji wychowania dzieci i młodzieży w Żywocie człowieka poczciwego Mikołaja Reja
Authors: Leszczyński Rafał Marcin
Published: May 2018

It has been proved in the article that Mikołaj Rej’s views concerning the upbringing of children
and youth are based on ancient philosophy, primarily on Stoicism. Mikołaj Rej’s Good Man is
a counterpart of a Stoic wise man, whose life goal is to achieve emotionlessness and virtue.
All the methods and ideas of upbringing described by Rej are subject to this very goal, which
leads to the formation of a virtuous and rational man.
Kultura konsumpcyjna jako kontekst refleksji i praktyki pedagogicznej
Authors: Mazurek Mateusz
Published: May 2018

The author claims that consumer culture is nowadays the key factor in the shaping of our
society and of course also of educational environments. Therefore it is worth serious consideration
and analysis. This article is devoted to the issues of most important features of
consumer culture which, according to the author, are fundamental factors in shaping the context
in which education takes place. The author includes among them: excessive consumerism
understood as granting consumption the primary importance in the individual and social life,
growth in importance of the fashion and displacement of custom, radical individualism, culture
of hurry and displacement of culture of thought, and treatment of pleasure as the highest value.
Adult children from dysfunctional families:
A few words about the functioning and the consequences of living in the wrong family environment
Authors: Dąbrowska Anna
Published: May 2018

The article focuses on the ecosystem of the family as the basic socializing environment of the child. However, this is not another definitional approach, but rather a synthesis of knowledge necessary to determine the background constituting the fundamental issues of family environment. This study is centered around the consequences of growing up in the families involved in crises and its consequences for the further functioning in adulthood. Today, more and more attention is paid not only to adults with an adult child of an alcoholic syndrome (DDA), but also more broadly – on an adult child of a dysfunctional family (DDD), thereby making it clear that children who grew up in the wrong, dysfunctional environment, design disturbed behaviour on their own life partner, family and social surroundings.
Taming disability. Working with parents of children after specialist diagnosis
Authors: Lewko Agnieszka
Published: May 2018

This article discusses the subject of effective working with parents of children with disabilities. It describes the fundamentals of proper relationships, the stages of taming disability, and negative parental attitudes in the context of their aptitude for engagement. It also includes conclusions from selected research reports and the goals of working with parents. Its task is to approximate the specifics of the situation of parents with children with disabilities, to more effectively support them, to select the content of pedagogy, and indirectly to allow optimal development of the child.
Failures in school of the pupils of early school education and the perception of school experiences of their parents
Authors: Ochojska Danuta
Published: May 2018

This article concerns selected aspects of school functioning and school learning difficulties for early childhood education students in perception of their parents and their retrospective evaluation of their own experiences from that period. The study was conducted among 99 parents using a questionnaire. The purpose of the analyzes was to compare the features of parents and their children, analyze the specificities of school difficulties and the conditions of abnormal behaviours, as well as the attitudes of children and parents towards school. Studies have confirmed the importance of generational transmission when we take into account the specificities of school behaviour and learning disabilities.
ATIVIDADE FÍSICA E FATORES ASSOCIADOS EM ADOLESCENTES DO INTERIOR DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Stochero Nadiessa , Leal Greice Vieiro da Silva , Ceni Giovana Cristina , Kirsten Vanessa Ramos
Published: May 2018

O objetivo do estudo consistiu em avaliar a prática de atividade física e fatores associados em adolescentes.  A prática de atividade física foi avaliada segundo o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física, e se o adolescente praticava alguma modalidade esportiva. Os fatores associados foram sexo, idade, se já experimentou cigarro, uso de bebida alcoólica nos últimos 30 dias, excesso de peso e consumo diário de frutas e verduras. A amostra foi considerada ativa fisicamente (87,2%) e praticante de modalidade esportiva (72,3%). Adolescentes do sexo masculino apresentaram-se mais ativos e praticantes de modalidades esportivas do que as moças. Jovens de 12-15 anos praticam mais modalidades esportivas do que os de 16-19 anos. Os adolescentes que fazem uso de bebidas alcoólicas são os que mais praticam modalidades esportivas. A amostra apresentou prevalência de adolescentes fisicamente ativos e praticantes de modalidades esportivas, e estiveram associados com idade, sexo, consumo de bebida alcoólica e cigarro.
PERFIL DOS ACIDENTES DE TRABALHO EM UMA CIDADE DE PEQUENO PORTE NO SUL DO BRASIL
Authors: Fontana Luísa Ortlieb , Grillo Luciane Peter
Published: May 2018

Introdução: Acidente de trabalho é aquele que ocorre pelo exercício do trabalho a serviço da empresa provocando lesão corporal ou perturbação funcional que causa a morte ou a perda, ou redução permanente ou temporária da capacidade para o trabalho. Objetivo: Descrever o perfil dos acidentes de trabalho ocorridos no município de Curitibanos, Estado de Santa Catariana, Brasil, no período de 2011 a 2015. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório descritivo, com dados secundários provenientes das Comunicações de Acidentes do Trabalho fornecido pelo Instituto Nacional de Seguridade Social. Resultados: No período estudado foram registrados 487 acidentes, destes 85,4% (n=416) eram homens com renda média entre um e dois salários mínimos (n=369, 75,8%), idade entre 20 e 39 anos (n=298, 61,2%), solteiros (n=236, 48,5%), atuando na ocupação de alimentador de linha de produção (n=124, 25,5%), tendo atingido membros superiores ou inferiores (n=372, 76,3%), sofrendo lesão de fratura, corte, laceração ou ferida contusa (n=204, 41,9%). Conclusão: Estes resultados podem contribuir para subsidiar a vigilância de causas externas e direcionar políticas públicas voltadas para a promoção da saúde do trabalhador, principalmente neste município estudado.Descritores: acidentes de trabalho; saúde do trabalhador; notificação de acidentes de trabalho; riscos ocupacionais.
PROCESSO DE ESTERILIZAÇÃO EM UM CENTRO DE SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA À LUZ DA LEGISLAÇÃO BRASILEIRA
Authors: Ascari Rosana Amora , Trindade Letícia De Lima , Maus Junior Sérgio , Reichert Solange Mariane , Liebgott Suelen Juliane , Schorr Vanessa
Published: May 2018

Objetivo: analisar o processo de esterilização de um Centro de Saúde da Família no Oeste de Santa Catarina à luz da legislação brasileira.  Metodologia: trata-se de estudo realizado como atividade integrativa de um curso de graduação em Enfermagem da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, através de um checklist semi-estruturado, desenvolvido a partir da Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária - nº 15 de 15 de março de 2012, a qual define os padrões mínimos necessários para o processamento de produtos para saúde. Conclusão: verificou-se que embora a estrutura física da central de materiais seja adequada, existem falhas no processo de esterilização, armazenamento, monitoramento e registro das etapas do processo de esterilização, além do despreparo profissional quanto à identificação da validade dos produtos. Foi possível o desenvolvimento de raciocínio clínico para a prática profissional, priorizando a promoção da saúde da população e prevenção de doenças.
CUIDADO FARMACÊUTICO APLICADO À MULHERES COM CÂNCER DE MAMA NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE
Authors: Alberti Fernanda Fávero , Cardoso Manuela Borges Sangoi , Canterle Liana Pedrolo , Donini Eduardo Kraetzig
Published: May 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar o acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico de pacientes mulheres pertencentes a um grupo de apoio ao câncer de mama vinculado à Atenção Básica do município de Santiago – Rio Grande do Sul. Foi realizada uma média de 3 consultas farmacêuticas com cada paciente. A média de idade das participantes da pesquisa era de 54,1 (± 8,2) anos. A média de menopausa das pacientes era de 44,4 (± 8,2) anos e a idade de menarca de 13,2 (± 2,0) anos. Em 36% de todos os casos de metástase foram explicados pelo estágio do câncer de mama. Foram identificados 3 suspeitas de problemas relacionados à medicamentos e 9 suspeitas de resultados negativos à medicamentos, além de serem realizadas 18 intervenções. Descritores: Câncer de mama; Acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico; Farmácia Clínica.
The External Economic Factor in the Development of Northwestern Regions: Institutional Support and an Impact Assessment
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of Russian Academyof Sciences, Andreeva E. L. ,   Ural State University of Economics, Ratner A. V. ,   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of Russian Academyof Sciences, Myslyakova Y. G. ,   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of Russian Academyof Science; Ural State University of Economics, Glukhikh P. L. ,   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of Russian Academyof Sciences
Published: May 2018

This research is warranted, since the Northwestern Federal District accounts for a significant proportion of Russia’s exports. The study aims to reveal the connection between the federal district’s external and internal economic development and to identify the extent to which institutional support for international economic cooperation facilitates brisk international trade. The authors consider international trade from the perspective of its procedural and institutional components. The study stresses dependence between the total international trade and internal economic performance of Russia’s North-West. Another focus is an analysis of institutional support for the development factors and the levels and areas of international economic cooperation. The analysis shows that the Northwestern regions’ external and internal economic development is interdependent and there is considerable support for international cooperation at different levels and in different areas. To a degree, this is explained by the federal district’s geographical position and transport connections, the ‘Nordic’ character of the economy shared by the Russian and neighbouring territories, and the multi-tier nature of the institutional framework for international economic cooperation in the international region.
The Role of Public Companies in Creating a Platform for Economic Growth in Saint Petersburg
Authors:   Institute of Regional Economic Problems of RAS, Kuznetsov S. V. , Rastova Y. I. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Economics, Sushcheva N. V. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Economics
Published: May 2018

Saint Petersburg has a special mission in delivering national development priorities, ensuring sustainable economic growth, and commercializing R&D. This necessitates research on the situation in the corporate sector, including investment potential and propensity to invest. The authors estimate the readiness of Saint Petersburg public companies to employ investment tools in delivering development strategies, which determine to a large extent the competitiveness of the city’s economy. This article presents a study into the response of twenty local public companies to changes in the economy and their ability to stay efficient and preserve investment potential in volatile economic conditions. The measures taken by the companies are considered as inert and inefficient. The authors surveyed managers from 70 Russian non-public companies, who confirmed the hypothesis that businesses are interested in investing in the earning assets (securities) of other companies to receive interest (dividends). The respondents tend to associate the risk of such investments with the issuer’s corporate control and corporate governance, which often fall short of best practices. The authors conclude that there is a need to improve knowledge of corporate relations, which affect competitiveness and the raising of funds necessary for sustainable economic growth in Saint Petersburg.
The Kaliningrad Region: Challenges of the Exclave Position and Ways to Offset Them
Authors:   Institute of Geography of Russian Academy of Sciences, Sebentsov A. B. , Zotova M. V. ,   Institute of Geography of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2018

The recent geopolitical shifts and Russia’s response to them have had a significant impact on the Kaliningrad region. This has created new challenges and warranted a revision of the old ones. The article investigates the reaction of the region’s economy to the challenges of its exclave position and considers possible measures to offset related problems in the current geopolitical situation. The article employs statistics, regional strategies, cross-border cooperation programmes, and expert interviews conducted by the authors in Kaliningrad in 2012—2014. The vast body of empirical data is instrumental in analysing the views of different stakeholders and estimating the problems and prospects of the region’s development as either Russia’s military outpost in Europe or as a ‘cooperation laboratory.’ The analysis takes into account collaborations with the neighbouring states. In striving to identify the preferable regional development conception, the authors reveal low susceptibility of local cross-border cooperation actors to the belligerent rhetoric of national authorities on either side of the border. The study of the state of affairs in tourism, a promising area of regional specialization, demonstrates a dual effect of the exclave position, which can be considered both as a challenge and an opportunity.
Estimating the Development of the Latvian - Estonian - Russian Transboundary Tourism and Recreation Region
Authors:   Pskov State University, Manakov A. G. , Golomidova E. S. ,   InTour Ltd.
Published: May 2018

In 2004, the Pskov — Livonia Euroregion was established across the borders of Estonia, Latvia and Russia (the Pskov region). Tourism became a cooperation priority in the Euroregion. This necessitated research on the local tourism and recreation areas. This study aims to estimate the development prospects of transboundary microregions which have been identified by the authors within the Latvian-Estonian-Russian tourism and recreation mesoregion. The authors employ ten additional criteria proposed in the general conception of transboundary tourism and recreation regions. The article identifies five microregions: Pskov-Pechory- Tartu and Pskov-Izborsk-Cesis (first level), Pytalovo-Rezekne (second level), and Izborsk- Pechory district- Setomaa and Lake Chudskoe area (third level). The authors classify the microregions according to their level of development. The development of the Izborsk-Pechory district-Setomaa microregion is defined as ‘above average’, that of Pskov-Pechory-Tartu as ‘average’, and that of Pskov-Izborsk-Cesis as ‘below average’, and finally, the development of Pytalovo-Rezekne microregion is described as ‘poor’. The Lake Chudskoe area microregion is classified as an ‘emerging’ one. The overall level of development of transboundary tourism and recreation microregions is assessed as ‘below average’. The results of the study can be used in preparing recommendations for the development of transboundary microregions within the Latvian-Estonian-Russian tourism and recreation mesoregion.
Politicization in the name of the majority: The role of cultural, economic, and political grievances
Authors: Simon Bernd , Mommert Alex , Reininger Klaus Michael
Published: May 2018

The article reports two experiments that examined politicization in the name of the majority population and intergroup polarization as a function of perceived grievances of the majority population. To manipulate perceived majority grievances, we used three different injustice frames (cultural, economic, political), each of which targeted an important arena of societal participation and thus a typical breeding ground for societal injustices and psychological grievances. In addition, both experiments included a (no frame) control condition. The samples recruited for the two experiments differed from each other in (left–right) political orientation and consequently in their perceptions of and reactions to potential majority grievances. The most striking differential influences were observed for the cultural grievance symbolized by the political correctness norm. However, both experiments provided evidence that majority politicization mediates the effect of majority grievances on intergroup polarization and that, in contrast to the divisive role of majority politicization, majority solidarity likely fosters social inclusion.
Corpo, cidade e política na poética do coletivo Opavivará!
Authors:   Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Nogueira Pedro Caetano Eboli
Published: May 2018

Este artigo se destina a pensar possíveis entrelaçamentos entre política, corpo e cidade, no âmbito da poética do coletivo carioca Opavivará! Inicialmente apresentamos algumas relações entre os poderes que atuam na conformação do espaço urbano e produção de subjetividades, explicitando de que forma a experiência urbana contemporânea dificulta os processos de singularização. Em seguida pontuamos de que maneira os coletivos podem assumir os vultos de importantes sujeitos políticos no contemporâneo, para então analisarmos alguns trabalhos do coletivo supracitado.
Exploring the Performance of Methods to Deal Multicollinearity: Simulation and Real Data in Radiation Epidemiology Area
Authors: Dubocq Mickaël , Haddy Nadia , Schwartz Boris , Rubino Carole , Dayet Florent , Vathaire Florent de , Diallo Ibrahima , Allodji Rodrigue S.
Published: May 2018

The issue of multicollinearity has long been acknowledged in statistical modelling; however, it is often untreated in the most of published papers. Indeed, the use of methods for multicollinearity correction is still scarce. One important reason is that despite many proposed methods, little is known about their strength or performance. We compare the statistical properties and performance of four main techniques to correct multicollinearity, i.e., Ridge Regression (R-R), Principal Components Regression (PC-R), Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS-R), and Lasso Regression (L-R), in both a simulation study and two real data examples used for modelling volumes of heart and Thyroid as a function of clinical and anthropometric parameters. We find that when the statistical approaches were used to address different levels of collinearity, we observed that R-R, PC-R and PLS-R appeared to have a somewhat similar behavior, with a slight advantage for the PLS-R. Indeed, in all implemented cases, the PLS-R always provided the smallest value of root mean square error (RMSE). When the degree of collinearity was moderate, low or very low, the L-R method had also somewhat similar performance to other methods. Furthermore, correction methods allowed us to provide stable and trustworthy parameter estimates for predictors in the modelling of heart and Thyroid volumes. Therefore, this work will contribute to highlighting performances of methods used only for situations ranging from low to very high multicollinearity.
Indonesia Poverty Reduction Strategies: Shifting policies to promote employment in the poorest four deciles
Authors: Adji Ardi , Rachmad Sri Hartini
Published: May 2018

This paper observes the working status and conditions of people who fall into the poorest four deciles in Indonesia. The research aims to provoke policy shifts in the drive to accelerate poverty reduction in Indonesia, taking a longer view of people being more employable and less dependent; also identifying the dominant factors preventing people from moving out of poverty and improving their life quality. By comparing elements of gender, age, education and health against employment status and opportunities. Simultaneously social assistance and protection programs are evaluated in relation to their stated target groups to determine their suitability and their impact.
Revenue and Distributional Impact Analysis of Indonesian Personal Income Tax Reform in 2008
Authors: Wijayanto Bimo , Vidyattama Yogi
Published: May 2018

Since 1983, Indonesian tax policy has been the subject of ongoing reforms in order to replace the old colonial tax arrangements, reduce income dependency from oil and gas, decrease the government's foreign debt and maintain its fiscal sustainability. Nevertheless, after 25 years of reform, actual Indonesian tax performance is still far from what might have been expected as Indonesia have one of the lowest total tax ratios among the ASEAN countries. This research show that the most recent changes put in place may have reduced potential tax revenue from personal income but an increase in the compliance rate.
Distinct roles of ATM and ATR in the regulation of ARP8 phosphorylation to prevent chromosome translocations
Authors: Sun Jiying , Shi Lin , Kinomura Aiko , Fukuto Atsuhiko , Horikoshi Yasunori , Oma Yukako , Harata Masahiko , Ikura Masae , Ikura Tsuyoshi , Kanaar Roland , Tashiro Satoshi
Published: May 2018

Chromosomal translocations are hallmarks of various types of cancers and leukemias. However, the molecular mechanisms of chromosome translocations remain largely unknown. The ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein, a DNA damage signaling regulator, facilitates DNA repair to prevent chromosome abnormalities. Previously, we showed that ATM deficiency led to the 11q23 chromosome translocation, the most frequent chromosome abnormalities in secondary leukemia. Here, we show that ARP8, a subunit of the INO80 chromatin remodeling complex, is phosphorylated after etoposide treatment. The etoposide-induced phosphorylation of ARP8 is regulated by ATM and ATR, and attenuates its interaction with INO80. The ATM-regulated phosphorylation of ARP8 reduces the excessive loading of INO80 and RAD51 onto the breakpoint cluster region. These findings suggest that the phosphorylation of ARP8, regulated by ATM, plays an important role in maintaining the fidelity of DNA repair to prevent the etoposide-induced 11q23 abnormalities.
Comment on “Evolutionary transitions between beneficial and phytopathogenic Rhodococcus challenge disease management”
Authors: Randall Jennifer J , Stamler Rio A , Kallsen Craig E , Fichtner Elizabeth J , Heerema Richard J , Cooke Peter , Francis Isolde
Published: May 2018

We would like to address a number of concerns regarding this paper (Savory et al., 2017)
Response to comments on “Evolutionary transitions between beneficial and phytopathogenic Rhodococcus challenge disease management”
Authors: Chang Jeff H , Putnam Melodie L , Grünwald Niklaus J , Savory Elizabeth A , Fuller Skylar L , Weisberg Alexandra J
Published: May 2018

Randall et al., 2018 and Vereecke, 2018 have raised concerns about a paper we published (Savory et al., 2017). Here, we respond to those concerns.
Seasonal migrations, body temperature fluctuations, and infection dynamics in adult amphibians
Authors: Daversa David R. , Monsalve-Carcaño Camino , Carrascal Luis M. , Bosch Jaime
Published: May 2018

Risks of parasitism vary over time, with infection prevalence often fluctuating with seasonal changes in the annual cycle. Identifying the biological mechanisms underlying seasonality in infection can enable better prediction and prevention of future infection peaks. Obtaining longitudinal data on individual infections and traits across seasons throughout the annual cycle is perhaps the most effective means of achieving this aim, yet few studies have obtained such information for wildlife. Here, we tracked spiny common toads (Bufo spinosus) within and across annual cycles to assess seasonal variation in movement, body temperatures and infection from the fungal parasite, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Across annual cycles, toads did not consistently sustain infections but instead gained and lost infections from year to year. Radio-tracking showed that infected toads lose infections during post-breeding migrations, and no toads contracted infection following migration, which may be one explanation for the inter-annual variability in Bd infections. We also found pronounced seasonal variation in toad body temperatures. Body temperatures approached 0 °C during winter hibernation but remained largely within the thermal tolerance range of Bd. These findings provide direct documentation of migratory recovery (i.e., loss of infection during migration) and escape in a wild population. The body temperature reductions that we observed during hibernation warrant further consideration into the role that this period plays in seasonal Bd dynamics.
Bioinformatic analysis of the fold type I PLP‐dependent enzymes reveals determinants of reaction specificity in l‐threonine aldolase from Aeromonas jandaei
Authors: Fesko Kateryna , Suplatov Dmitry , Švedas Vytas
Published: May 2018

Understanding the role of specific amino acid residues in the molecular mechanism of a protein's function is one of the most challenging problems in modern biology. A systematic bioinformatic analysis of protein families and superfamilies can help in the study of structure–function relationships and in the design of improved variants of enzymes/proteins, but represents a methodological challenge. The pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate (PLP)‐dependent enzymes are catalytically diverse and include the aspartate aminotransferase superfamily which implements a common structural framework known as type fold I. In this work, the recently developed bioinformatic online methods Mustguseal and Zebra were used to collect and study a large representative set of the aspartate aminotransferase superfamily with high structural, but low sequence similarity to l‐threonine aldolase from Aeromonas jandaei (LTAaj), in order to identify conserved positions that provide general properties in the superfamily, and to reveal family‐specific positions (FSPs) responsible for functional diversity. The roles of the identified residues in the catalytic mechanism and reaction specificity of LTAaj were then studied by experimental site‐directed mutagenesis and molecular modelling. It was shown that FSPs determine reaction specificity by coordinating the PLP cofactor in the enzyme's active centre, thus influencing its activation and the tautomeric equilibrium of the intermediates, which can be used as hotspots to modulate the protein's functional properties. Mutagenesis at the selected FSPs in LTAaj led to a reduction in a native catalytic activity and increased the rate of promiscuous reactions. The results provide insight into the structural basis of catalytic promiscuity of the PLP‐dependent enzymes and demonstrate the potential of bioinformatic analysis in studying structure–function relationship in protein superfamilies.
Flat Cell Culturing Surface May Cause Misinterpretation of Cellular Uptake of Nanoparticles
Authors: Behzadi Shahed , Vatan Naazanene M. , Lema Kevin , Nwaobasi Dike , Zenkov Ilia , Abadi Parisa P. S. S. , Khan Daid Ahmad , Corbo Claudia , Aghaverdi Haniyeh , Farokhzad Omid C. , Mahmoudi Morteza
Published: May 2018

In vitro cellular uptake of nanoparticles (NPs) is typically evaluated using a monolayer of cells seeded on a 2D culture plate, with the assumption of reliable and reproducible outcomes. However, recent developments reveal that 2D culture may produce errors in the measurement of cellular uptake of NPs due to issues including sedimentation and diffusion of NPs in cell‐culture media. To shed more light on the effect of culture methods on the uptake of NPs, the same number of prostate cancer cells is cultured in 2D and 3D substrates and their uptake of quantum dots (QDs, as a model NP) and entrance mechanisms are assessed. Significantly fewer QDs are taken up, but they are more evenly distributed among the cells, in the 3D compared to the 2D culture method; in addition, QDs enter the cells via different mechanisms of endocytosis in 2D than they do in 3D approaches. Findings regarding cell cycle phase distribution also vary between 3D and 2D samples, which results in a significantly lower percentage of QDs being taken up in 3D compared to 2D culture. These findings indicate that the culture environment drastically influences NP–cell readouts, which may lead to misinterpretation of in vitro outcomes.
High Lightweight Potential of Ultrafine‐Grained Aluminum/Steel Laminated Metal Composites Produced by Accumulative Roll Bonding
Authors: Kümmel Frank , Diepold Benedikt , Sauer Kim Florian , Schunk Christopher , Prakash Arun , Höppel Heinz Werner , Göken Mathias
Published: May 2018

The focus of this paper is the designing of ultrafine‐grained aluminum/steel laminated metal composites for innovative lightweight materials concepts used for cyclic loading. These ultrafine‐grained composites are produced by the accumulative roll bonding process. Three different aluminum/steel composites are studied, where the position of the steel layers is varied, to investigate the influence of the layer architecture. The mechanical properties are measured in monotonic and cyclic three‐point bending tests. The influence of the meso‐ and microstructure are intensively studied by scanning electron microscope observations. Furthermore, the internal stresses during elastic straining are calculated by a finite element simulation. In the composites, both monotonic and cyclic mechanical properties are strongly increased and are clearly higher as expected by a linear rule of mixtures of the constituent materials. This increase is particularly high for the fatigue properties resulting in a strongly enhanced specific fatigue limit of the composites.
Soft Robotic Grippers
Authors: Shintake Jun , Cacucciolo Vito , Floreano Dario , Shea Herbert
Published: May 2018

Advances in soft robotics, materials science, and stretchable electronics have enabled rapid progress in soft grippers. Here, a critical overview of soft robotic grippers is presented, covering different material sets, physical principles, and device architectures. Soft gripping can be categorized into three technologies, enabling grasping by: a) actuation, b) controlled stiffness, and c) controlled adhesion. A comprehensive review of each type is presented. Compared to rigid grippers, end‐effectors fabricated from flexible and soft components can often grasp or manipulate a larger variety of objects. Such grippers are an example of morphological computation, where control complexity is greatly reduced by material softness and mechanical compliance. Advanced materials and soft components, in particular silicone elastomers, shape memory materials, and active polymers and gels, are increasingly investigated for the design of lighter, simpler, and more universal grippers, using the inherent functionality of the materials. Embedding stretchable distributed sensors in or on soft grippers greatly enhances the ways in which the grippers interact with objects. Challenges for soft grippers include miniaturization, robustness, speed, integration of sensing, and control. Improved materials, processing methods, and sensing play an important role in future research.