bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovative approaches to breeding in the dairy industry
Authors: Titorenko K V , Zhichkin K A
Published: April 2021

The article presents a study of the economic aspects of the dairy cattle artificial insemination use, including the sexed semen use. The authors’ classification of the breeding types is proposed, including on the insemination types basis and the used breeding material. The study aim is to determine the economic parameters of the dairy cattle artificial insemination system based on the use of foreign selection bulls sexed semen. Within the framework of this, the following tasks were solved: - foreign and domestic experience of using sexized semen was studied; - the breeding types classification has been developed; - production experience was carried out in the Samara region conditions; - the economic parameters of various scenarios for the dairy cattle use obtained using sexed semen have been determined. When considering the profitable part of the experiment, two scenarios were considered: - growing replacement young stock for pedigree sale to third-party organizations; - an increase in livestock for the commercial milk production. The profit from the implementation of the first scenario (the use of sperm divided by sex in the pedigree young stock sale) will amount to 7951.9 thousand rubles. The second scenario final profit, taking into account the first year production, will amount to 13026.8 thousand rubles. With further use in the production of this cattle, the additional income amount will increase by 4131.0 thousand rubles yearly. The maximum increase in the business economic efficiency (all other things being equal) is provided by the sexed semen technology use, which makes it possible to double the offspring of heifers and accordingly milk production. It makes possible to reach the farm breakeven point even without taking into account the payments of budgetary funds under the state support program.
Effective conditions for expanded reproduction of the agro-industrial complex in the region
Authors: Belokopytov A V , Moskaleva N V , Ternovchuk A N
Published: April 2021

The article examines the problems of development and reproduction of the agrarian sector of the economy of the Smolensk region, identifies trends in reproduction and problem points that determine the functioning of the industry. The authors identified the main directions for improving the reproduction of the resource potential of agriculture, taking into account external and internal factors. In addition, an econometric model of effective reproduction of agriculture has been developed and proposed, which determines the determinants of the progressive development of the agro-industrial complex in the region. Recommendations on the creation of effective conditions for conducting expanded reproduction in agriculture, taking into account investment activities, innovative development and the level of updating the material and technical base, are proposed.
The technological process of the grain harvester as a complex functional system
Authors: Orobinsky V I , Gulevsky V A , Gievsky A M
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the technological process of grain harvesting and its movement inside the grain harvester. The assessment of the most characteristic operations causing micro- and macrotrauma of grain is given. The presented process is considered as the work of a complex system “environment-man-machine”. An algorithm is proposed for determining the crushing and injury of grain behind the thresher of a grain harvester, which makes it possible to determine the level of its damage. The most promising ways of technological improvement of the cleaning process have been determined, which will reduce grain injury and improve its sowing quality.
Model for assessing personnel security of enterprises in the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Tsvetkova I I , Vakhovskaya M Yu , Sivolap A V
Published: April 2021

The article briefly examines the models and methods for assessing personnel security, highlighting their shortcomings. For enterprises of the agro-industrial complex, an additive-multiplicative assessment model has been developed. The factors influencing the personnel security of the agro-industrial complex enterprises, as well as the indicators of their assessment, are revealed. Distribution of factors is carried out according to two components of the model - additive and multiplicative.
Cyclic-genetic approach to the formation of theories of sustainable balanced development of agricultural production
Authors: Takhumova O V , Ibragimov A G
Published: April 2021

In modern conditions of the industrialization of the world community, the issues of the formation of a balanced innovative development of agricultural territories are actualized, on which not only the standard of living of the rural population, food security of the country, but also national security in general depend largely. In these conditions, the issues of forming an integrated mechanism for managing this process based on the results of innovation and self-organization tools are especially acutely discussed. However, in world, scientific practice there is still no common opinion on a single interpretation of the concept of “balance”, most judgments are based on the identification of the term with the concept of “sustainable development”. The paper presents the results of identifying the main stages of development of regional systems in world practice, highlights the features of the formation of theories of balanced development, the main representatives of the scientific community on the research problem. An attempt is made to distinguish between the concepts of “sustainable” and “balanced” development, it is shown that its lexical meaning “sustainable development” can be achieved only if a number of conditions are met, including the obvious fact of the need to achieve a balance of the studied conditions, phenomena in regional agricultural systems. An overview of the specific characteristics of the categorical side of the term “balance” is given. The results obtained expand the theoretical basis for the scientific understanding of the development of agricultural areas and will allow forming their own opinion about the theories of balanced development of agricultural systems. The material can be of scientific interest for the formation of scientific judgments about the functioning of effective agricultural production.
Experimental studies of the efficiency of incorporating green manure crops with a combined unit
Authors: Kalimullin M , Abdrakhmanov R , Latypov R , Pushkarenko N , Maksimov I , Salimzyanov M , Mukhametshin I
Published: April 2021

In recent years, many agricultural producers have begun to take care of environmental aspects and are gradually switching to the use of organic farming elements in the cultivation of agricultural crops, which include green fertilizers - siderates. Many experts recommend cutting the green mass of green manure crops with a mower and embedding it in the surface layer of the soil as mulch. However, not all termination methods are equally effective. In particular, when passing through a field with a rotary harrow’s green manure, the disc knives have to simultaneously perform two functions: chop and embed the vegetative mass of plants, which negatively affects the depth of processing. Therefore, the goal of our research is to develop a combined unit for mowing, crushing and embedding green mass of green manure crops into the soil. To achieve this, it is proposed to attach a plant chopper to the front of the tractor, which will mow and chop the plants, and two disc batteries installed on the rear hitch of the tractor will close the chopped organic mass. To determine the efficiency of using the proposed combined unit in different regions of the Republic of Tatarstan on different soils, comparative field tests were carried out, which consisted in determining the completeness of incorporation of green mass. The value of this indicator without using the mower on the front hitch was 65%, and with mowing and chopping - 95%, this is 1.5 times more than in the variant with the compared unit, which should have a favorable effect on the decomposition of the embedded organic matter.
The study of variability of dynamic properties of the drying chamber of the grain dryer changing the technological parameters of drying
Authors: Zakhakhatnov V G , Popov V M , Afon’kina V A
Published: April 2021

The complexity of identification of transfer-function of the drying chamber is connected with a great variety of grain crops, different drying modes of seed, food and feeding grain as well as thermolabile properties of wet material so that in the drying chamber there are grains with different stages of drying and as a consequence of this with different transfer functions. One of the forecasting methods of the dynamic processes of the drying chamber is based on the use of transfer functions of the drying chamber which were got based on the analysis of experimentally obtained transfer characteristics. This paper presents the results of processing of the transfer characteristics of the drying chamber which were got for different parameters of the technological process of drying – heat carrier temperature, grain initial moisture content, initial grain temperature. The transfer functions of the drying chamber for different parameters of the technological process of drying are obtained. For three exposure channels – heat carrier temperature-grain temperature, heat carrier temperature-grain moisture content, heat carrier temperature-worked out heat carrier temperature the variability of the dynamic properties of the drying chamber changing the technological parameters of drying is estimated. Qualitative assessments of inertial and frequency properties are obtained. A significant variability of the dynamic properties of the drying chamber was revealed, which was estimated by scattering of the PI controller settings when the object with the transfer functions under study was included in the automatic control system. The study is performed under the sponsorship of Russian Fundamental Research Fund and Chelyabinsk region as a part of the scientific project № 20-416-740001.
Improving the Quality of Agricultural Roads
Authors: Kamenchukov A V , Kravchuk V A , Nikolaeva G O , Maksimovich K Yu , Voinash S A , Sokolova V A , Alekseeva E A
Published: April 2021

The article considers the issues of improving the quality of construction and operation of agricultural roads. The main reasons for the need for the construction control of the quality of work are considered. The stages of the control of quality of pavement made of stone materials have been sequentially analyzed. The actual consequences of violation of the quality of construction and assembly works are given. The modeling of the work of the system «roadbed –pavement» in conditions of increased traffic load and watering of agricultural roads has been carried out. Recommendations for increasing the service life of agricultural roads using new building materials are presented and substantiated.
Improving the technology of post-harvest seed treatment
Authors: Orobinsky V I , Gulevsky V A , Chernyshov A V
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the issues of grain injury by elements of production lines. The evaluation of the most typical operations that cause macro - and microtraumation of grain by air-sieve-Trier machines is given. The most rational design parameters of the machines and their operating modes that guarantee minimal injury to seeds are identified. Possible ways to improve the quality of the seed fractions extracted by passing through the sieve B2 and descending from the sieve G. Preferably, each of them should be passed separately through a puppet Trier. At the same time, the level of seed injury is lower and the laboratory germination rate is higher.
Morphotechnological parameters and analysis of microplants of potato varieties with accelerated reproduction (in vitro) in a selection nursery
Authors: Romanova Ir N , Glushakov S N , Ptitsyna N V , Lyakina O A , Nikitin A N
Published: April 2021

The studies were carried out with in vitro test-tube micro plants at the Smolensk State Agricultural Academy in a research laboratory and in protected ground (frame greenhouses) under standard conditions and protection measures during the period of their cultivation. The article analyzes and presents data on the growth and development of potato varieties during their growing season. The object of research was micro plants of potato varieties Fritella, Grand, Mayak, Violet, Vympel, Vasilek, Meteor and Gulliver. The data obtained showed that test-tube micro plants of potato varieties by the end of the phase of intensive growth - the beginning of the phase of slow growth had a well-developed root system, 4-5 internodes, a plant height of 9.5-13.1 cm, a green color, a sufficiently developed leaf apparatus and planting them in flowerpots, survival rate was 100%. The duration of the growing season depended on the variety of micro plants and ranged from 82 to 107 days, height from 46.8 to 66.8 cm, the number of tubers from 3.5 pcs. up to 8.26 pieces, the yield of the seed fraction is from 44 to 92%. In terms of yield, the following potato varieties were distinguished: Gulliver (10.5 t / ha); Lighthouse (10.0 t / ha); Grand (9.24 t / ha); Meteor (9.20 t / ha); Purple (8.16 t / ha). The rest of the studied varieties had a lower yield level (5.5-7.35 t / ha), which is associated with both the high presence of fine-fraction tubers and the number of tubers in the nest. These circumstances necessitate additional seed reproduction of micro tubers (<15-20g) in the autumn-winter period in greenhouse conditions. In terms of morphobiological characteristics, the nature of setting, the formation of tubers, the structure of the clone, each variety, even one ripeness group, had its own varietal specificity, which should be taken into account when cultivating them in nurseries of original and elite seed production.
The use of a pulsating flow of the heat carrier for the intensification of heat transfer in plate heat exchangers in the production of liquid nitrogen fertilizers
Authors: Osintsev K V , Prikhodko Iu S , Gasimyanov R E , Patrushev A V , Shishkov A N
Published: April 2021

The article describes a method for improving the quality of produced liquid complex fertilizers by intensifying heat exchange using a pulsed flow of liquid in plate heat exchangers. The article is devoted to the question of the influence of impulse flow on the intensification of heat transfer in plate heat exchangers. Analysis of the literature shows that the increase in heat transfer is influenced by such factors as the shape of the channel, the location of the pulsation generator, as well as their amplitude and frequency. Changing the shape and pattern of the plates allows you to increase heat transfer, due to the receipt of greater flow turbulization. The results of the study of the heat transfer coefficient at various pulsation frequencies and coolant flow rates are also considered, from which the dependence of the heat transfer intensity on the pulsation frequency of the generator itself is visible.
Elements of the mathematical support for the design of an autonomous tractor
Authors: Dobretsov R Yu , Dobretsova S B , Voinash S A , Shcherbakov A P , Dolmatov S N , Sokolova V A , Taraban V V , Alekseeva S V , Taraban M V
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the issue of substantiating the requirements for the location of passive benchmarks as part of a local complex of precision farming in its minimum configuration. As such, we consider a mobile chassis (for example, a wheeled agricultural tractor) equipped with an autonomous control system and a set of two or three passive benchmarks. References are given to works that reveal the technologies that are in demand in the design of the chassis of such a tractor and a description of the test equipment used in the design and debugging of units and assemblies of robotic machines. Within the framework of the concept under consideration, it is important that the complex combines the capabilities of autonomous, remote and manual control and is based on a mobile chassis that meets the necessary ergonomic requirements. The considered simplest system can be built into a structure that uses satellite positioning technologies and supports the principle of organizing multi-agent systems. The object of the research is a local complex of precision farming in the minimum composition: an autonomous agricultural tractor and a set of passive benchmarks. The purpose of the study is to determine the basic requirements for the selection of sites for the installation of passive benchmarks. The basic technology is the use of binary maps of permeability as a variant of the discrete working plan of an autonomous robotic complex. The technology for building maps of cross-country ability has been worked out when creating models of rovers and special vehicles. The paper illustrates the actual method of solving the problem in its mathematical interpretation, provides the main results and practical recommendations. It is shown that the proposed solutions can be extended to the areas of the forest engineering and logging industry, to the solution of logistic problems of the Far North, the territories of the Arctic and Antarctic.
The possibility of using aluminosilicate composite materials after modification and processing in sunflower oil
Authors: Ignatyev Aleksey A , Razgovorov Pavel B , Abramov Mikhail A , Isaeva Natalya A
Published: April 2021

The paper presents the study results of the isotherms of nitrogen adsorption-desorption on blue and green powdered clays before and after the surface is modified with solutions of organic acids (oxalic, succinic) and sodium carbonate. Unlike powder of natural blue clay, the material of green clay is characterized by the presence of macropores (5%) with a diameter of more than 50 nm; 95% of volume is occupied by mesopores ranging in size 4-40 nm. According to the size distribution data, the total number of mesopores of blue and green clays has reduced after treatment with oxalic acid; it changes slightly after introduction of alkaline compound into system (sodium carbonate, 10 wt %). It was revealed that the process of adsorption of total impurity ingredients of fatty acid triglycerides provides the possibility of using acid-modified clays with a set of properties (specific surface area, pore distribution) after processing for 1 hour in sunflower oil to stabilize the digestive function of the gastrointestinal tract of poultry and improve the quality of eggs laid by them by daily evening introduction into the feed (1-3 wt %) for 1 month prior to laying.
Energy producing effectiveness study: larch and poplar chips, wood pellets
Authors: Lyubov V K , Popov A N , Popova E I , Belesov A V
Published: April 2021

Larch is one of the most valuable species of conifers. Its wood is widely used in many sectors of the economy. Therefore, determining the efficiency of energy use of by-products of processing of larch, as well as fast-growing wood species, which include poplar, is an important task. A study of the operational efficiency of the Firematic 60 boiler when working on larch and poplar chips, as well as spruce wood pellets with a diameter 6 mm was carried out. The elemental composition of burned fuels and residues was studied using an EDX-8000 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and a Euro EA-3000 analyzer. The components of the heat balance and emission of harmful substances were determined. The emissions of particulate matter and the content of soot particles were studied. The shape and composition of soot particles were determined using a Zeiss SIGMA VP electronic scanning microscope. The energy tests showed that the boiler provides high technical and economic indicators and minimal emissions of harmful substances into the environment when burning larch and poplar chips, wood pellets.
Study of technological properties of apples for jam production
Authors: Ryadinskaya A A , Ordina N B , Koschaev I A , Mezinova K V , Chuev S A , Zakharova D A
Published: April 2021

The work is devoted to the study of the fruits of winter and autumn apple trees grown on the territory of the Belgorod region. The results of research of technological indicators of apple quality are presented. According to the results of the tests carried out, it was found that the fruits of the Zhigulevskoe variety turned out to be the best in terms of a set of indicators: the dry matter content was 15.4%, sugars - 12.3%; organic acids - 1%, sugar-acid index - 12.3 units; concentration of vitamin C - 13.9 mg / 100 g; R - active substances - 110 mg / 100 g; the total amount of pectin substances - 6.4%, including 1.1% - water-soluble pectin. The efficiency of the technology for the production of apple jam with the addition of strawberries from fruit and berry raw materials obtained in the conditions of the Belgorod region has been substantiated.
Digital transformation model based on the digital twin concept for intensive aquaculture production using closed water circulation technology
Authors: Zhabitskii M G , Andryenko Y A , Malyshev V N , Chuykova S V , Zhosanov A A
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the complex digital transformation problem for the functioning aqua-biotechnological industrial company. The structure of the information model and digital twin for such objects is identified and described. The results of a comprehensive engineering and economic inspection of the state of the biotechnological, engineering, and economic system from the point of view of digital transformation are described. A conceptual scheme of the enterprise functioning based on the results of digital transformation is presented. The target effects of modernization and reconstruction of the existing biotechnological enterprise based on the end-to-end digital technologies of the fourth industrial revolution are formulated.
Formation of agro-industrial clusters in the North Caucasus
Authors: Zaburaeva Kh Sh , Daukaev As A , Alieva Kh A-V , Shaipova A A , Salamova M I
Published: April 2021

The article examines the regions of the North Caucasus in the context of the implementation of cluster projects. The functions and possibilities of clustering, the versatility of approaches to its definition in domestic and foreign publications are considered. Favorable preconditions for the formation of agro-industrial clusters in combination with agritourism (favorable natural and climatic conditions, operating agro-holdings, significant labor resources, rich cultural and historical heritage, etc.), as well as constraining factors (lack of a unified mechanism for the formation of regional agro-industrial clusters, insufficient activity of the business community in terms of generating ideas and implementing initiative projects, weak involvement of the population in dialogue with the business community and government authorities, etc.). A model of an interregional agro-industrial cluster has been proposed, the core of which will be agricultural holdings operating in the north-east of the Caucasus.
Features of introduction of innovative means in production activity of the agricultural enterprise
Authors: Ermakova A M
Published: April 2021

This article discusses the features of the use of innovative tools, their significance and impact on the production process. The author suggests the company to introduce an innovative RFID system, with the help of which further development of the enterprise is possible. The arguments presented in the article are formulated in a clear logical relationship, have consistency and validity, and can be useful in the production activities of a rural enterprise.
Theoretical research of multifunctional tillage unit scheme
Authors: Andreev V L , Demshin S L , Isupov A Ju , Ilichev V V
Published: April 2021

It is developed the multifunctional tillage unit includes replaceable sets of operfting bodies in the form flat-cutting paws or in the form cultivation paws, as well as disk sections. To justify the rational layout of flat-cutting paws or of cultivation paws relative to the disk operating bodies theoretical studies have been conducted out to analysis the stability of movement of a multifunctional tillage unit in the longitudinal-vertical plane. The arrangement of flat-cutting paws or cultivator paws in front of the disc sections is more preferable.
Influence of LED lighting power on Indau (Eruca sativa (Mill.))
Authors: Kondrat’ev V M , Osipova G S , Kiselyov M V , Gudiev O YU
Published: April 2021

The article investigates the reaction of four varieties of Indau sowing to the power of illumination by LED lamps. Indau sowing cultivars responded positively to the increase in lighting power at different stages of development, with the exception of Sicilia, which showed a neutral reaction. The Hooday variety has tasty formed a high rosette with wide leaves and the largest average weight of one plant of 25.72 g at an illumination power of 140 μmol / m2 / s. The Sicily cultivar formed standard rosettes of wide leaves weighing 16.33 g at an illumination power of 170 μmol / m2 / s. The Chudesnitsa cultivar formed standard rosettes of narrow leaves weighing 19.28 g at an illumination power of 140 μmol / m2 / s. Variety Dikovina formed a high rosette with wide leaves and the largest average weight of one plant 20.11 g at an illumination power of 170 μmol / m2 / s.
Influence of LED lighting power on basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
Authors: Kondrat’ev V M , Osipova G S , Kiselyov M V , Gudiev O YU
Published: April 2021

The article examines the response of four varieties of basil to the power of lighting with LED lamps. Basil cultivars reacted poorly to the increase in lighting power at different stages of development, with the exception of Emily, which showed a positive reaction. The Ararat cultivar formed compact plants with a wide habitus and the largest average weight of 4.11 g at an illumination power of 110 μmol / m2 / s. The Yerevan sapphire variety formed compact plants with a wide habit and the largest average weight of 4.89 g at an illumination power of 170 μmol / m2 / s. Variety Emily formed compact plants with a wide habit and the largest average weight of 5.44 g at an illumination power of 140 μmol / m2 / s. The Marian cultivar formed compact plants with a wide habit and the highest average weight of 11.50 g at an illumination power of 140 μmol / m2 / s.
High-tech production of edible mushrooms on an industrial basis in the Russian Federation
Authors: Mishurov N P , Selivanov V G , Devochkina N L , Rubtsov A A
Published: April 2021

The prospective development of industrial mushroom growing in the Russian Federation is assessed. Industrial mushroom growing is considered as the production of environmentally friendly products with a high content of food protein balanced in the content of the amino acid complex. Mushroom growing is an extremely capital-intensive, knowledge-intensive and labor-intensive agricultural production. General trends in the construction and establishment of new enterprises of the industry in the Russian Federation are determined based on the analysis of world trends in the development of industrial mushroom growing. Up-to-date approaches to technical and technological solutions prevailing in the world industrial mushroom growing are analyzed. An innovative organizational and technological system allows reaching a new level of labor productivity and ensuring high economic efficiency of production and achieving self-sufficiency of the population of the Russian Federation with mushroom products being 80% rich in protein [1].
On the issue of the reduction of the range and the number of birds of prey associated with illegal hunting
Authors: Momot N V , Kolina Yu A , Vasilyeva M A , Kamliya I L , Terebova S V
Published: April 2021

The article discusses issues related to the illegal catch of large birds of the genus Falco (Falco), which has a significant impact on reducing the number of these predators. The share of participation in these illegal actions of the Far East and other regions of Russia was revealed. As a result of the study, it has been shown that the main perpetrators of criminal acts are local residents who do not understand the amount of harm caused to nature in connection with the capture of birds of prey.
Electron-microscopic study of enterocytes of intestinal crypts of the small intestine of a hybrid of a yak (BOS MUTUS) with a cow of a black-and-white Holstein breed
Authors: Silkin I I , Batomunkuev A S , Dashko D V , Tarasevich V N
Published: April 2021

In this work, an electron microscopic study of the structural features of enterocytes of intestinal crypts of the small intestine of hybrids obtained by crossing a yak and a cow of a black-and-white Holstein breed in comparison with the original species was carried out. The study indicated the similarity of the structure in the hybrids of all studied variants of crosses and the original species of borderless and goblet enterocytes of intestinal crypts of the duodenum and jejunum. The infinite enterocytes of the intestinal crypts of the hybrids had a well-developed smooth and granular endoplasmic reticulum, as well as many free ribosomes. The Golgi complex of crypt enterocytes in its development varied greatly, mitochondria were small, most often round in shape. Secretory granules had different electron density, more often moderate, matrix - average electron density. The cells of the Brunner glands were conical in shape with rounded apical ends, a well-developed Golgi complex, a smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, which formed extensive dilated lumens containing fine-grained material. The mitochondria were found to be predominantly rounded. Secretory granules completely filled the apical end of the cell and had a low electron density.
Expediency of creation of technology of production of meat products of long term of storage of the combined structure
Authors: Cherednichenko O , Bal-Prylypko L , Paska M , Nikolaenko M
Published: April 2021

The technological properties of seaweed and activated water are studied in the article and various recipes of canned meat with the use of animal raw materials, elamine and catholyte are analyzed. The results of research of functional and technological properties, chemical composition, nutritional and nutritional value, organoleptic evaluation of the finished product are obtained. An improved technological scheme of production has been developed.
Analysis and estimate of efficiency technological methods the destruction of Sosnowsky hogweed in the north-west region of Russia
Authors: Dobrinov A V , Trifanov A V , Chugunov S V
Published: April 2021

The article explores a number of technological methods for the destruction of Sosnowsky hogweed (Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden) on agricultural lands. Graphical dependences of the degree of re-overgrowing by an invasive species of treated areas with working organs for its destruction were obtained. Based on the analysis of the obtained dependences, the most energy-efficient method of mechanical soil cultivation was revealed, which consists in high-quality pruning of the root system of weeds and the seeding of seeds with working bodies with a variable working width, which provides a significant decrease in the intensity of repeated overgrowing of the area with hogweed.
The influence of poplar forest belts on agrocenoses in the forest-steppe zone of the Altai Territory
Authors: Sokolova G G
Published: April 2021

The article considers the influence of protective forest strips forest strips composition and structure of agrocenoses in the forest-steppe zone of the Altai Territory. The territory of the Altai Territory is intensively plowed. Soils are subject to destruction and degradation. The creation of forest belts helps to improve the water regime, increase soil fertility and increase crop productivity. They bind carbon, helping to reduce the greenhouse effect and offsetting industrial carbon dioxide emissions. The role of forest belts in improving the microclimate and reducing wind erosion has been well studied. The changes in the species diversity of weeds and the structure of agrocenoses depending on the structure and species composition of forest belts have not been sufficiently studied. The article presents the results of the study of the influence of poplar forest belts of different designs (2-, 3 - and 4-row) on agrocenoses. The regularities of changes in the height and projective cover of the weed and cultural layer, the composition of weed species, depending on the location of the agrocenosis in relation to the forest belt are revealed. Data on the influence of forest belts of agrophytocenoses located on the southern and northern sides of the forest belt are presented. zanimaetsya diversity of weed species in ugrozenih on megalonyx sites.
To determine the equation of motion of a tuber in the drum of the planting apparatus of a potato planting machine
Authors: Latypov R M , Kalimullin M N
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of theoretical research on the improvement of planting devices for potato planting machines. The question of the movement of potato tubers relative to the planting apparatus of the potato planting machine is considered. A new design scheme of the planting apparatus is proposed. The obtained research results are the basis for research on ensuring the uniformity of the layout of potato tubers relative to the row and serve as a recommendation for agricultural producers.
Agroecological assessment of the effectiveness of different systems of soil protection measures in the reproduction of fertility of slope gray forest soils
Authors: Stepanova Lidiya Pavlovna , Petelko Anatoliy Ivanovich , Pisareva Aza Valerievna , Nakonechny Alexander Grigorievich , Bolmat Tatyana Nikolaevna
Published: April 2021

The increasing anthropogenic impact on the slopes, the involvement of new slope lands in the production sphere require reliable substantiation of their erosion resistance. The study of the effectiveness of the influence of the contour-band organization of the territory and various doses of fertilizers on the intensity of rain and snowmelt runoff, the composition and properties of flat gray forest soils was the main goal of our study. The object of the study was a plot of gray forest middle loamy soils located on the slopes of the western exposure, in 12 soil sections. The article presents a study of the influence of the contour-band structure of plots using cattle droppings and top dressing on the fertile properties of gray forest soils. We used standard research methods to determine the amount of humus and determine the aggregate properties of the soil, as well as to determine the properties of the solid phase of the soil density. We established the level of impact of the forest belt organized in the study area, while taking into account that we applied top dressing on the study area, which affects the nominal influence of factors that led to an increase in the environmental stability of the studied soils. It is proved that runoff-regulating contour forest belts provide optimization of density and increase in soil porosity, improve water-air regime, activate living organisms of agrobiocenosis, increase the thickness of the humus layer, content and reserves of humus in the soil up to 3,6% and 130,7 t/ha depending on its location on the slope. It is established that the use of fertilizers as top dressing on the studied destroyed soils significantly increases the yield of plant crops, as well as increases their environmental sustainability. The study of slopes from the standpoint of assessing, analyzing, and predicting their erosion resistance is an important direction of soil protection agriculture and in solving the food insecurity in Russia. Due to the intensive reduction of the area of agricultural land, the decrease in soil fertility, the problem of anti-erosion protection of land requires an immediate solution.
Modeling the process of liquid-mechanical cleaning of the bottom dish of the bottom conveyor of a beet harvester
Authors: Pukhov E V , Volkov V S , Sledchenko V A
Published: April 2021

Increasing the machinery productivity is a significant factor affecting the production cost. The study of technological processes of the equipment functioning and the identification of opportunities for the growth of their use indicators is an important task. For example, when analyzing the work of beet harvesting machinery, a significant amount of time was found to be wasted for cleaning the bottom dish of the bottom conveyor from soil contamination. In this case, the total drop in the daily productivity of harvesting with a beet harvester can reach 20 percent. To solve the problem of increasing the productivity of beet harvesting machinery, it is proposed to use the technology of wetting the surface of the conveyor bottom with some liquid (water). In this case, it is of interest to study the processes of interaction of soil masses with the bottom surface and their removal using mechanical action from the conveyor scrapers. This paper presents a mathematical model of the process of liquid-mechanical cleaning of the conveyor, built on the basis of classical mechanics. It allows carrying out the calculations to determine the rational modes of liquid consumption, cleaning time, and economic efficiency of the proposed solutions. The proposed results can be used to substantiate the mechanism of such processes in agricultural and other machinery.
The results of studies of specific energy intensity of the basin formation process of the onion harvester
Authors: Didmanidze O N , Dorokhov A S , Sibirev A V , Mosyakov M A , Sazonov N V
Published: April 2021

Crop farming is believed to be the most energy intensive sector of the agricultural industry. The sector accounts for 70% of all the expenses including more than 40% harvesting-related expenses. Conservation culture cultivation technologies are being actively introduced. These are based on the reduction of the number of production process operations and the replacement of moldboard soil cultivation with nonmouldboard processes, direct seeding of crops and application of herbicides at all stages of plant farming, harvesting of crops with the use of multi-function harvesters that perform a number of process operations during a singe pass: moving of tops, lifting and extraction of the tuber root-bearing layer, separation of commercial products from soil-and-vegetable impurities, and loading onto a vehicle with subsequent transportation for post-harvest processing and storage. A crucial problem implementation of any technology is aimed at solving is the decrease of labor and energy, and resource conservation, as well as increasing of the yield of cultivated crops and thus the reduction of prime cost of products. This aim is impossible to achieve without first determining the energy costs of agricultural product production process operations. Despite the substantial number of scientific studies dedicated to the problem of energy and resource preservation in the cultivation and harvesting of agricultural crops, and the development of engineering tools that ensure high quality of process operations, some issues remain unresolved to this day.
Trends in the spatial distribution of agrometeorological indicators on the territory of the Chelyabinsk region in the second half of the XX - early XXI century
Authors: Nazarenko N N , Panina M V , Skudar M K
Published: April 2021

The article examines the trends in the spatial distribution of air temperature and precipitation indicators on the territory of the Chelyabinsk region for the period from 1936 to 2019. The average annual temperatures and precipitation were analyzed for 24 meteorological stations of the Chelyabinsk region. The results obtained made it possible to differentiate the study area according to the conditions of the thermal regime and the regime of humidification. The amplitudes of temperature growth were determined with a tendency to an increase in the number of differentiated zones, while a shift of the warming boundary to the north was noted. In mountainous areas, low temperature zones are shrinking and shifting to the northwest. The precipitation regime is orographic in nature, but there is a tendency towards a decrease in the continuity of the identified zones, as well as greater moisture content in the territory of steppe (arid) landscapes, which play an important role in agricultural production in the Chelyabinsk region.
Disadvantages of the classical approach to managing sustainable development of natural-anthropogenic complexes of territories at the methodological level
Authors: Nardin D S , Nardina S A
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of research in the field of classical management of sustainable development of natural-anthropogenic complexes of rural areas, formed within the framework of grain production. Within the framework of classical management, the natural-anthropogenic complex is presented in the form of a system that is controlled using feedback mechanisms. Based on the emerging feedbacks, managerial influences are formed, which can be combined into an analytical model based on mathematical relationships between both the generated managerial influences and between their results. In this case, the object of modeling - the natural-anthropogenic complex itself - acts for the subject as a “black box”, into which certain resources are supplied to the input, and a certain result is formed at the output. On the one hand, such an approach to the management of natural-anthropogenic complexes makes it possible to build basic mathematical models of management, the use of which in the short term has a positive effect on the technological and economic efficiency of resource use. On the other hand, feedback mechanisms do not allow to ensure sustainable long-term development of natural-anthropogenic complexes, since their high complexity makes it difficult to reliably identify all connections and take into account their systemic impact on the controlled subsystem. This problem manifests itself especially clearly in the process of transition from the management of individual subsystems of natural-anthropogenic complexes to the management of the entire system as a whole.
Engineering biosorptional construction for drainage water treatment
Authors: Suprun V A , Shiryaeva M A
Published: April 2021

Drainage waters pollute water bodies and the environment, however, they can be considered as alternative water resources for agriculture. Now, there is an acute shortage of water resources in the Republic of Kalmykia, and therefore the existing areas are partially used. The solution to the problem may be the technology of reuse of drainage and waste water from the Sarpinskaya watering and irrigation system. For the subsequent use of this water for irrigation, water treatment and purification is required. One of the options for improving the ecological situation is the creation of a biosorption structure (BSS), the principle of which is to mobilize the natural capabilities of self-purification of ecosystems of water bodies, which allows in the future to reuse drainage and waste water for irrigation.
Advanced technology for the removal of trees and shrubs on the berms of irrigation canals using the oppression of stumps with chemicals
Authors: Abdrazakov F K , Churkina C I , Logashov D V
Published: April 2021

The introduction discusses the relevance and significance of the irrigation canal problem related to the growth and removal of shrub and tree vegetation on the berm and in the bed of the irrigation canal. A number of main problems of shrub and tree vegetation growth on the berm and in the canal bed are described. The presented images show the state of irrigation canals of the Engels branch of the Federal state budgetary institution “Saratovregiongaz”. The research methodology includes a description of the main methods of studying the problem and its representation in graphical form. The essence of the method for destroying stumps and undergrowth after cutting down tree and shrub vegetation along irrigation canals is described. The results of the study are presented using a theoretical description of the proposed improved technology for removing tree and shrub vegetation on irrigation canals of farms using chemical hemp suppression. The proposed schemes of movement of heavy machinery during cultural and technical work on the removal of tree and shrub vegetation are described. A set of spraying schemes is proposed based on the availability of equipment, the rate of consumption and distance of transportation of arboricide, as well as the form of sprayers. The process of operation of the sprayer on the canals depending on the dead-end part of the berm is presented. In conclusion, a General conclusion is made about the proposed improved technology for removing shrub vegetation using brushcutters and spraying stumps with chemicals, as well as about the practical and theoretical significance of the study.
Analysis of the critical limits of technogenic territorial resources in the conditions of a modern technopolis
Authors: Borisova V L , Sazonova E A , Terentyev S E , Vernigor A V , Anishchenkova N S
Published: April 2021

This article discusses the features of accounting for the shortage of land resources and their large-scale reduction in the conditions of modern technopolises, such as Moscow, St. Petersburg, Sochi, Anapa, and so on. These cities are characterized by a large-scale reduction of the environment-restoring territories. Therefore, it becomes important for modern society to preserve agricultural lands, which increase the productivity of landscapes, that is, they have the properties of restoring the city’s biosphere.
Method for increasing the efficiency of growing environmentally friendly crops
Authors: Gorshkov A D , Simonova M A , Ivakhnyuk G K
Published: April 2021

The article considers a way to increase the efficiency of growing crops. The influence of visible light spectra on the development of plant parts during the vegetative period has been revealed. The correlation table reflecting mutual influence of plant parts under exposure to visible light spectra has been compiled. The method of irrigation water polarization to increase its biological activity is considered. A complex method aimed at intensification of plant growth in a physical way, which can improve the productivity of production, is proposed.
On soil losses from agricultural fields for the periods from 1963 to 1986 and after 1986
Authors: Trofimetz L N , Panidi E A , Alexandrova A P , Tyapkina A P , Chaadaeva N N , Saraeva A M
Published: April 2021

Using the radiocesium method the paper presents the results of calculating the rate of erosion processes in agricultural fields of the Orel district of the Orel region for the periods from 1963 to 1986 and from 1986 to the present. It states that soil losses from a field occupied by grain crops have decreased by 3 times after 1986, and from a field occupied by row crops have decreased by 1.5 times.
Research into filtering properties of lavsan fabrics for dehydrating red mud of low-silicon bauxite
Authors: Salamatov V I , Fetisova S A , Salamatov O V
Published: April 2021

The research was carried out on lavsan and lavsan-capron filtering fabrics for dehydrating red mud of low-silicon bauxite. The filtering properties and clogging capacity of the synthetic fabrics were evaluated.