bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalência e determinantes de obesidade e sobrepeso em mulheres em idade reprodutiva residentes na região semiárida do Brasil
Authors: Correia Luciano Lima , Silveira Dirlene Mafalda Ildefonso da , Silva Anamaria Cavalcante e , Campos Jocileide Sales , Machado Márcia Maria Tavares , Rocha Hermano Alexandre Lima , Cunha Antônio José Ledo Alves da , Lindsay Ana Cristina
Published: December 2010

O estudo estimou a prevalência e identificou fatores determinantes do sobrepeso e obesidade em mulheres em idade fértil na região semiárida do Brasil. Na amostra por conglomerados de oito mil domicílios do estado do Ceará, foram pesquisadas 6.845 mulheres. Sobrepeso e obesidade foram medidos pelo Índice de Massa Corporal, utilizando-se a análise multivariada para a identificação dos fatores determinantes. As prevalências de sobrepeso e obesidade foram de 32,6% e 16,1%, respectivamente. Na análise ajustada, a obesidade esteve positivamente associada a: idade >30 anos (RP=1,55), estado civil casada (RP=1,36), escolaridade fundamental (RP=1,40), idade na menarca <12 anos (RP=1,59), ter tido >1 filho (RP=1,65), uso de contraceptivos (RP=1,31). Os fatores relacionados à saúde e à nutrição, referentes à obesidade mórbida, foram: hipertensão arterial (RP=3,11), diabetes (RP=2,08), insatisfação com a imagem corporal (RP=4,26) e procedimentos para perder peso (RP=2,73). Sobrepeso e obesidade são altamente prevalentes na região semiárida. A educação foi o único fator socioeconômico passível de ser modificado. Os fatores reprodutivos identificados apontam para a necessidade de mobilização dos serviços de pré-natal, pós-parto e planejamento familiar na prevenção e no controle da obesidade.
Extensão fenomenológica dos conceitos de saúde e enfermidade em Heidegger
Authors: Nogueira Roberto Passos
Published: December 2010

Heidegger deu uma extraordinária contribuição ao estudo fenomenológico da saúde e da enfermidade nos seminários de Zollikon, a única oportunidade, ao longo de sua vida, em que o filósofo pôde tratar com profundidade dessas questões. Aí a enfermidade foi ontologicamente determinada como sendo uma privação da saúde. Contudo, Heidegger não desenvolveu explicitamente o conceito de saúde. O autor busca extrair consequências fenomenológicas das teses expostas nesses seminários a partir de duas determinações aí esboçadas: a essência da saúde humana é a própria essência extática do Dasein em sua abertura ao ser; toda enfermidade é uma "limitação da possibilidade de viver".
Representações e intenção de uso da fitoterapia na atenção básica à saúde
Authors: Rosa Caroline da , Câmara Sheila Gonçalves , Béria Jorge Umberto
Published: December 2010

O presente estudo observacional, de caráter exploratório, objetivou conhecer as representações e a utilização da fitoterapia na atenção básica à saúde e os fatores relacionados à intenção de uso dessa terapia. A população em estudo foi composta por 27 médicos do Programa de Saúde da Família no município de Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa foi realizada através de um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada abrangendo: conceitualização, experiências com fitoterápicos e fitoterapia na atenção básica. Tais temas originaram subcategorias como atitudes, percepção de pares, controle sobre a prescrição e intenção de uso de fitoterápicos na atenção básica. Os resultados demonstraram que os médicos não possuem conhecimento institucionalizado sobre o assunto; maior intenção de uso vincula-se ao conhecimento dos profissionais sobre essa modalidade terapêutica, decorrente da crença em sua comprovação científica. Para a institucionalização da fitoterapia na atenção básica, faz-se necessária maior divulgação de estudos acerca da comprovação científica, além de investimentos na capacitação dos profissionais. Dessa forma, a população poderá se beneficiar da fitoterapia, como uma alternativa mais acessível aos cuidados da saúde
O óbito e sua investigação: reflexões sobre alguns aspectos relevantes
Authors: Jorge Maria Helena P. de Mello , Laurenti Ruy , Di Nubila Heloisa Brunow Ventura
Published: December 2010

O artigo aborda questões relativas ao óbito e sua investigação como elementos importantes para a Epidemiologia e a Saúde Pública. Ressalta aspectos ligados à melhoria da sua qualidade e da vigilância, bem como da pesquisa científica/epidemiológica nessa área, vistos sob a óptica da legislação e das normas éticas existentes no Brasil. Discute o problema relativo, a saber, "a quem pertence a informação em saúde e quais os limites de sua utilização", tratando, inclusive, da possibilidade do uso de bancos de dados identificados. Conclui sugerindo meios hábeis, como "Termo de Responsabilidade e Confidencialidade" por parte do pesquisador, para que a pesquisa científica/epidemiológica possa ter continuidade no país, com agilidade e oportunidade.
Comparação de métodos de imputação única e múltipla usando como exemplo um modelo de risco para mortalidade cirúrgica
Authors: Nunes Luciana Neves , Klück Mariza Machado , Fachel Jandyra Maria Guimarães
Published: December 2010

INTRODUÇÃO: A perda de informações é um problema frequente em estudos realizados na área da Saúde. Na literatura essa perda é chamada de missing data ou dados faltantes. Através da imputação dos dados faltantes são criados conjuntos de dados artificialmente completos que podem ser analisados por técnicas estatísticas tradicionais. O objetivo desse artigo foi comparar, em um exemplo baseado em dados reais, a utilização de três técnicas de imputações diferentes. MÉTODO: Os dados utilizados referem-se a um estudo de desenvolvimento de modelo de risco cirúrgico, sendo que o tamanho da amostra foi de 450 pacientes. Os métodos de imputação empregados foram duas imputações únicas e uma imputação múltipla (IM), e a suposição sobre o mecanismo de não-resposta foi MAR (Missing at Random). RESULTADOS: A variável com dados faltantes foi a albumina sérica, com 27,1% de perda. Os modelos obtidos pelas imputações únicas foram semelhantes entre si, mas diferentes dos obtidos com os dados imputados pela IM quanto à inclusão de variáveis nos modelos. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados indicam que faz diferença levar em conta a relação da albumina com outras variáveis observadas, pois foram obtidos modelos diferentes nas imputações única e múltipla. A imputação única subestima a variabilidade, gerando intervalos de confiança mais estreitos. É importante se considerar o uso de métodos de imputação quando há dados faltantes, especialmente a IM que leva em conta a variabilidade entre imputações para as estimativas do modelo.
Prevalência e fatores associados a sintomas depressivos em adultos do sul do Brasil: estudo transversal de base populacional
Authors: Rombaldi Airton José , Silva Marcelo Cozzensa da , Gazalle Fernando Kratz , Azevedo Mario Renato , Hallal Pedro Curi
Published: December 2010

Com o objetivo de identificar a prevalência de sintomas depressivos e examinar fatores associados em uma população adulta do sul do Brasil, foi realizado um estudo transversal de base populacional, incluindo 972 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, idade entre 20 e 69 anos, moradores na zona urbana da cidade de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. A seleção amostral teve os setores censitários do município como unidades amostrais primárias e os domicílios como unidades secundárias. O questionário incluiu variáveis socioeconômicas, comportamentais e nutricionais. As prevalências dos sintomas depressivos tristeza, ansiedade, falta de energia, falta de disposição, pensar no passado e preferir ficar em casa, na população de Pelotas, foram, respectivamente, de 29,4%, 57,6%, 37,4%, 40,4%, 33,8% e 54,3%. Concluiu-se que as prevalências de sintomas depressivos foram elevadas e os indivíduos do sexo feminino, idade avançada, fumantes e obesos mostraram-se associadas à maioria dos desfechos. A depressão é um importante problema de saúde publica e o conhecimento de como a sintomatologia depressiva se distribui na população e os fatores associados à sua presença podem ajudar no melhor entendimento da fenomenologia dos transtornos depressivos e a traçar estratégias de prevenção e intervenção.
Média diária de tempo sentado e fatores associados em adultos residentes no município de Ribeirão Preto-SP, 2006: projeto OBEDIARP
Authors: Suzuki Cláudio Shigueki , Moraes Suzana Alves de , Freitas Isabel Cristina Martins de
Published: December 2010

Estimaram-se médias do tempo sentado e fatores associados, em adultos residentes em Ribeirão Preto-SP, em 2006. O estudo, de base populacional, teve delineamento transversal com amostra selecionada por conglomerados em três estágios. Em amostra de 1.205 elegíveis, 930 participaram do estudo. A variabilidade introduzida na terceira fração de amostragem foi corrigida pela atribuição de pesos amostrais que levaram em consideração a taxa de não-resposta e o número de elegíveis em cada domicílio, originando uma amostra ponderada de 2.197 participantes. Para o estudo de associação foram construídos modelos de regressão linear múltipla. Todas as estimativas foram calculadas levando-se em consideração o efeito de desenho amostral. O tempo sentado médio diário foi de 280,9 minutos. Na análise multivariada permaneceram associadas ao tempo sentado as seguintes variáveis: sexo; anos de escolaridade; hábito de fumar; gasto metabólico (Mets*min*semana-1); nº de horas de trabalho/dia e número de antecedentes de obesidade. Os resultados permitiram identificar os principais fatores associados ao tempo sentado, oferecendo subsídios para a construção de políticas públicas de promoção e prevenção em saúde.
In Vitro Binding of Bile Salts by Different Insoluble Dietary Fiber Extracted from Brewers' Spent Grain
Authors: Fu Quanyi , Li Lin , Yu Xucong , Li Bing
Published: December 2010

Brewers spent grain (BSG), one of the major by-products of the brewing industry, has been mainly used as fertilizer or animal feed. Nevertheless, BSG was shown to contain a number of potentially high-value components such as insoluble dietary fiber (IDF). Recently, most studies on health benefits associated with IDF have been demonstrated. In the present study, the water holding capacity (WHC), swelling capacity (SC), oil holding capacity (OHC) and bile salts binding of the different insoluble dietary fiber extracted from BSG were tested in vitro. The results showed WHC, SC and OHC of the different IDF increased greatly. The WHC, SC and OHC of IDF extracted by alkaline hydrolysis were 2.63±0.11, 1.31±0.06 and 2.33±0.09 fold of BSG, respectively. The WHC, SC and OHC of IDF extracted by enzymatic hydrolysis were 2.94±0.14, 1.96±0.09 and 2.87±0.13 fold of BSG, respectively. We also investigated the in vitro binding of bile salts by BSG and IDF. IDF extracted by enzymatic hydrolysis showed a greater bile salts binding capacity than IDF extracted by alkaline hydrolysis. Bile salts binding by IDF may influence cholesterol lowering and lipid metabolism in body. It can be concluded that IDF extracted from BSG may have potential application as a food additive in functional foods.
"The price you pay": The impact of state-funded secondary school performance on residential property values in England
Authors: Glen John , Nellis Joseph
Published: December 2010

This paper examines the relationship between state-funded secondary school
performance and local residential property values in seven major English
cities. When choosing which secondary school they wish their children to
attend, parents will be aware of the school?s performance in Key Stage 3,
GCSE and A- level examinations. We suggest that GCSE examination results will
be the measure of school performance that parental choice will be most
closely correlated with. Therefore, secondary schools with good GCSE
examination results will be ?oversubscribed? in that more students will wish
to attend these schools than there are places available. Schools will then
have to develop mechanisms for rationing the available places - central to
rationing strategies in English schools at the moment is geographical
proximity of the family home to the school of choice. Parents will thus have
a strong incentive to purchase houses in the ?catchment? area of high
performing schools. Our results suggest that this is the case, with high
performing schools stimulating a price premium in local residential property
markets of between 1% and 3% for each additional 10% point improvement in the
pass rate in GCSE examinations.
Educating the Future Educators: The Quest for Professionalism in Early Childhood Education
Authors: Musgrave Jackie
Published: December 2010

This article examines the implications of recent and proposed changes to the college-based training of practitioners in early childhood education (ECE). These changes will change the length of courses by shortening them and, therefore, the depth of teaching that students will experience on a college-based course. The links between level of education and improved outcomes for children are discussed. This colloquium explores how these changes may impact on the professionalization of the early childhood workforce. Definitions of professionalism found in the early childhood literature and the notion of the professional ECE student are explored. The current barriers to viewing ECE as a profession and the ongoing professionalism of the field are discussed, as are possible solutions to removing the barriers.
Cohesin in Oocytes—Tough Enough for Mammalian Meiosis?
Authors: Revenkova Ekaterina , Adelfalk Caroline , Jessberger Rolf
Published: December 2010

Sister chromatid cohesion is essential for cell division. During meiosis, it is also required for proper synapsis of pairs of sister chromatids and for chiasma formation and maintenance. Since mammalian oocytes remain arrested in late prophase for a very long period—up to five decades in humans—the preservation of cohesion throughout this period is a formidable challenge. Mouse models with cohesin deficiencies and aging wild-type mice showed that this challenge is not fully met: cohesion weakens and deteriorates with increasing age. These recent findings have highly significant implications for our comprehension of the genesis of aneuploidies.
Chemistry of the Fe2O3/BiFeO3 Interface in BiFeO3 Thin Film Heterostructures
Authors: Arredondo Miryam , Ramasse Quentin M. , Bogle Kashinath , Nagarajan Valanoor
Published: December 2010

We investigate the interfacial chemistry of secondary Fe2O3 phases formed in a BiFeO3 (BFO) layer in BFO/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO)/SrTiO3 (STO) heterostructures. A combination of high-resolution spherical aberration corrected scanning TEM and spectroscopy results, reveals that specific chemical and crystallographic similarities between Fe2O3 and BFO, enable the BFO layer to form a facile host for Fe2O3.
A Novel Piezo-Actuator-Sensor Micromachine for Mechanical Characterization of Micro-Specimens
Authors: Ladani Leila , Nelson Steven
Published: December 2010

Difficulties associated with testing and characterization of materials at microscale demands for new technologies and devices that are capable of measuring forces and strains at microscale. To address this issue, a novel electroactive-based micro-electro-mechanical machine is designed. The micromachine is comprised of two electroactive (piezoelectric) micro-elements mounted on a rigid frame. Electrical activation of one of the elements causes it to expand and induce a stress in the intervening micro-specimen. The response of the microspecimen to the stress is measured by the deformation and thereby voltage/resistance induced in the second electro-active element. The concept is theoretically proven using analytical modeling in conjunction with non-linear, three dimensional finite element analyses for the micromachine. Correlation of the output voltage to the specimen stiffness is shown. It is also demonstrated through finite element and analytical analysis that this technique is capable of detecting non-linear behavior of materials. A characteristic curve for an isotropic specimen exhibiting linear elastic behavior is developed. Application of the proposed device in measuring coefficient of thermal expansion is explored and analytical analysis is conducted.
Cellulosic Bionanocomposites: A Review of Preparation, Properties and Applications
Authors: Siqueira Gilberto , Bras Julien , Dufresne Alain
Published: December 2010

Cellulose is the most abundant biomass material in nature. Extracted from natural fibers, its hierarchical and multi-level organization allows different kinds of nanoscaled cellulosic fillers—called cellulose nanocrystals or microfibrillated cellulose (MFC)—to be obtained. Recently, such cellulose nanoparticles have been the focus of an exponentially increasing number of works or reviews devoted to understanding such materials and their applications. Major studies over the last decades have shown that cellulose nanoparticles could be used as fillers to improve mechanical and barrier properties of biocomposites. Their use for industrial packaging is being investigated, with continuous studies to find innovative solutions for efficient and sustainable systems. Processing is more and more important and different systems are detailed in this paper depending on the polymer solubility, i.e., (i) hydrosoluble systems, (ii) non-hydrosoluble systems, and (iii) emulsion systems. This paper intends to give a clear overview of cellulose nanoparticles reinforced composites with more than 150 references by describing their preparation, characterization, properties and applications.
Determination of Silver(I) by Differential Pulse Voltammetry Using a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Synthesized N-(2-Aminoethyl)-4,4'-Bipyridine
Authors: Radulescu Maria-Cristina , Chira Ana , Radulescu Medeea , Bucur Bogdan , Bucur Madalina Petruta , Radu Gabriel Lucian
Published: December 2010

A new modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) based on a synthesized N-(2-aminoethyl)-4,4'-bipyridine (ABP) was developed for the determination of Ag(I) by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). ABP was covalently immobilized on GC electrodes surface using 4-nitrobenzendiazonium (4-NBD) and glutaraldehyde (GA). The Ag(I) ions were preconcentrated by chemical interaction with bipyridine under a negative potential (−0.6 V); then the reduced ions were oxidized by differential pulse voltammetry and a peak was observed at 0.34 V. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range from 0.05 μM to 1 μM Ag(I) with a detection limit of 0.025 μM and RSD = 3.6%, for 0.4 μM Ag(I). The presence of several common ions in more than 125-fold excess had no effect on the determination of Ag(I). The developed sensor was applied to the determination of Ag(I) in water samples using a standard addition method.
Resolution Enhancement in Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on Waveguide Coupled Mode by Combining a Bimetallic Approach
Authors: Lee Kyeong-Seok , Son Ju Myeong , Jeong Dae-Yong , Lee Taek Sung , Kim Won Mok
Published: December 2010

In this study, we present and demonstrate a new route to a great enhancement in resolution of surface plasmon resonance sensors. Basically, our approach combines a waveguide coupled plasmonic mode and a kind of Au/Ag bimetallic enhancement concept. Theoretical modeling was carried out by solving Fresnel equations for the multilayer stack of prism/Ag inner-metal layer/dielectric waveguide/Au outer-metal layer. The inner Ag layer couples incident light to a guided wave and makes more fields effectively concentrated on the outer Au surface. A substantial enhancement in resolution was experimentally verified for the model stack using a ZnS-SiO2 waveguide layer.
Map Building and Monte Carlo Localization Using Global Appearance of Omnidirectional Images
Authors: Payá Luis , Fernández Lorenzo , Gil Arturo , Reinoso Oscar
Published: December 2010

In this paper we deal with the problem of map building and localization of a mobile robot in an environment using the information provided by an omnidirectional vision sensor that is mounted on the robot. Our main objective consists of studying the feasibility of the techniques based in the global appearance of a set of omnidirectional images captured by this vision sensor to solve this problem. First, we study how to describe globally the visual information so that it represents correctly locations and the geometrical relationships between these locations. Then, we integrate this information using an approach based on a spring-mass-damper model, to create a topological map of the environment. Once the map is built, we propose the use of a Monte Carlo localization approach to estimate the most probable pose of the vision system and its trajectory within the map. We perform a comparison in terms of computational cost and error in localization. The experimental results we present have been obtained with real indoor omnidirectional images.
Treatment of Vaccinia and Cowpox Virus Infections in Mice with CMX001 and ST-246
Authors: Quenelle Debra C. , Kern Earl R.
Published: December 2010

Although a large number of compounds have been identified with antiviral activity against orthopoxviruses in tissue culture systems, it is highly preferred that these compounds have activity in vivo before they can be seriously considered for further development. One of the most commonly used animal models for the confirmation of this activity has been the use of mice infected with either vaccinia or cowpox viruses. These model systems have the advantage that they are relatively inexpensive, readily available and do not require any special containment facilities; therefore, relatively large numbers of compounds can be evaluated in vivo for their activity. The two antiviral agents that have progressed from preclinical studies to human safety trials for the treatment of orthopoxvirus infections are the cidofovir analog, CMX001, and an inhibitor of extracellular virus formation, ST-246. These compounds are the ones most likely to be used in the event of a bioterror attack. The purpose of this communication is to review the advantages and disadvantages of using mice infected with vaccinia and cowpox virus as surrogate models for human orthopoxvirus infections and to summarize the activity of CMX001 and ST-246 in these model infections.
« Je t'ai conçu en tatouant ta mère ». La femme tatouée de Yoichi Takabayashi
Authors: Ribas Denys
Published: December 2010

Résumé La Femme tatouée , film de Yoichi Takabayashi, met en scène un mythe œdipien et incestueux qui nous éclaire sur la valeur de l’inscription charnelle de la scène primitive, son impossibilité psychotique et son recours au masochisme érogène pour être pensable.
De la scarification au trait de maquillage au cours de la psychothérapie d'un préadolescent
Authors: Maupas Anne
Published: December 2010

Résumé L’auteur s’interroge sur la signification de l’acte de scarification chez un pré-adolescent qui présente des troubles de l’identité sexuelle. Le contenu des séances de psychothérapie et la relation transférentielle servent de support à sa réflexion.
The Representation of Womanhood in the Press of Slovenian Political Emigration in Argentina
Authors: Mlekuž Jernej
Published: December 2010

Besedilo odstira, kaj in kako se je pisalo o ženskah v Svobodni Sloveniji, osrednjem tiskanem mediju slovenske politične emigracije v Argentini, v obdobju 1948–1990. Časopis je gradil zelo homogeno, stereotipno podobo ženske: ženske kot matere, vzgojiteljice otrok, kot žene, opore možu, kot gospodinje, kraljice doma. V številnih prispevkih o ženskah je opazno tudi razlikovanje med odnosom obravnavane skupnosti do žensk in odnosom do žensk v nesojeni domovini, strah pred materializmom, liberalizmom itn. To pa kaže, da ženske nikakor niso bile izključene iz ideološkega boja slovenske politične emigracije z zasovraženim režimom v domovini.
***
The text reveals what and how it was written about women in Svobodna Slovenija, the central printed media of Slovenian political emigration in Argentina in the period 1948-1990. The newspaper has built a homogeneous, stereotypic image of the woman: the woman as mother, educator of children, wife, support of the husband, housewife, the queen of home. In several contributions on women, a differentiation between the attitudes towards women is present in the dealt community and in the undestined homeland, fear of materialism, liberalism etc. All mentioned indicates that women were not at all excluded from the ideological struggle of the Slovenian political emigration with the disliked regime in the homeland.
On Peasant Culture
Authors: Puconja Miran
Published: December 2010

Kmet, ki je po letu 1848 postal lastnik zemlje, je z naraščajočo narodno zavestjo tvoril temelj narodno-prebudnega gibanja. Iz nastajajočih gospodarskih in kulturnih organizacij je raslo tkivo političnega življenja kmetov. Zaradi gospodarske krize v času karadžordževičevske Jugoslavije je med drugo svetovno vojno nemška okupacijska oblast zlahka uvedla nekaj gospodarskih inovacij in obnovila staro štajersko tržišče. Racionalizacija kmetijstva po drugi svetovni vojni je ukinila tradicionalne oblike kmetovanja, s tem pa bistveno spremenila tudi miselnost kmečkega človeka. Dotedanjo samopreživetveno vlogo kmetij je nadomestila tržna usmerjenost kmečkih gospodarstev. Izvirne prvine kmečke kulture izginjajo; nadomešča jih sodobna množična kultura.
***
After the land reform of 1848, when farmers were allowed to become landowners, this social class became the basis of the gradually awakening national awareness. The newly formed economic and cultural associations of farmers became the fabric of their political movement. Due to the pressing economic depression in Yugoslavia during the rule of the Karađorđević family, during the Second World War the German occupational government had no difficulties in introducing several economic reforms and in renewing the previous markets of Štajersko. Rationalization of agriculture, which was introduced after the war, dispensed with old, traditional agricultural forms, thus greatly affecting the farmers’ ways of thinking. Once self-sufficient farms were replaced by market-oriented agricultural homesteads, a result of which is a gradual disappearance of original agricultural elements that are being replaced by modern mass culture.
Everyday Food Culture of the Zasavje Miners with Regard to Food Supply Booklets and Other Sources of Provisions
Authors: Mlakar Adamič Jana
Published: December 2010

V prispevku je obravnavana vsakdanja prehrana zasavskih mezdnih delavcev, med katerimi prevladuje poklicna skupina rudarjev in njihovih družin. Z analizo nabavnih knjižic kot primarnega vira pojasnjuje, zakaj se je pri nižjih družbenih plasteh središče zanimanja za prehrano premaknilo z načina priprave živil na način nabave. Predstavljeni so raznoteri individualni viri oskrbe s hrano v industrijskem okolju in regionalna kuhinja na dozdaj slabo raziskanem območju Slovenije.
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The article focuses on everyday food culture of minimumwage workers, mostly miners, and their families in Zasavje. An analysis of food supply booklets as a primary source shows why the interest of this lower social class had shifted from food preparation to food supply. Examined is a variety of food supply sources and local cuisine in this industrial, hitherto seldom researched, region.
Bajeslovno izročilo v bohinjskem folklornem pripovedništvu
Authors: Cvetek Marija
Published: December 2010

Razprava je posvečena bajnim bitjem v knjigi Naš voča so včas zapodval [Cvetek 1993], kjer je bohinjsko folklorno pripovedništvo zapisano v bohinjskih govorih. Poleg te zbirke povedk je v razpravo pritegnjen še bohinjski literarni opus pisatelja Janeza Mencingerja. Vanj je bohinjski rojak vtkal folklorne pripovedi, za katere trdi, da jih ni bilo potrebno »kaj dosti piliti ali prenarejati«. Te povedke še danes živijo v bohinjskem folklornem izročilu, nekatere od njih so se seveda že izgubile. Izgubila ali spremenila so se tudi nekatera bajna bitja iz Mencingerjevih del. Nekaj neobjavljenih terenskih zapiskov še dodatno prispeva k osvetlitvi te tematike. V omenjenem gradivu spoznavamo trdoživo bohinjsko bajeslovno dediščino, odnos do nje v Mencingerjevem pisanju in času in tudi današnji razmislek o davnih verovanjih naših prednikov.
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The treatise deals with the mythological beings depicted in the book titled Naš voča so včas zapodval (Our Father Used to Tell Us, Cvetek 1993). The book is a collection of folk narratives from Bohinj, written in the local dialects. It also contains writer Janez Mencinger’s literary work focusing on this area. In his work, Mencinger included folk narratives that, according to him, “did not need much polishing or alteration.” With the exception of some that had long been forgotten, many of these stories are still alive in the folklore tradition of the Bohinj area. Some of the mythical beings from Mencinger’s work have likewise disappeared or have been transformed. The treatise also contains some of the so far unpublished fieldwork notes on the subject. The narratives aptly portray the headstrong nature of the mythological heritage of Bohinj, Mencinger’s attitude toward the subject, and contain reflections on the ancient beliefs of our forefathers.
Franc Kramar and His Collection of »Oral Tradition from Ig and Other Regions«
Authors: Kropej Monika
Published: December 2010

V članku je predstavljen skladatelj Franc Kramar iz Matene pri Igu na Dolenjskem predvsem kot nabiralec pripovednega izročila. Ljudske pesmi je začel zapisovati že v mladosti, ob tem pa je nabiral tudi drugo gradivo, še posebej ljudske pravljice in povedke, anekdote, šaljive zgodbe, zagovore, ljudske molitve, ljudske vraže in prerokovanja, pregovore, uganke in otroške igre. Nabrano izročilo je nameraval izdati v samostojni zbirki Ižansko in drugo narodno blago. Po nasvete in priporočilo se je obrnil na pravnika ter mladinskega in humoristčnrga pisatelja Frana Milčinskega. Milčinski je priporočil natis tega gradiva, ki mu je bilo oddano v pogled leta 1914, toda objavo je preprečila prva svetovna vojna.
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The author analyzes the work of composer Franc Kramar from Matena by Ig in Lower Carniola, focusing primarily on his role of a collector of folk narratives. As a youth, Kramar started to record on paper folk songs along with other material, especially folktales, anecdotes, humorous stories, invocations, folk prayers, folk believe, prophesies, riddles, and children’s games. Intending to publish this material in a publication with the title Ižansko in drugo narodno blago (Oral Tradition from Ig and Other Regions), he seeked advice and recommendation from lawyer and author of humorous and children’s stories Fran Milčinski. Upon examining the material submitted by Kramar in 1914 Milčinski wrote a recommendation, but the onset of the First World War prevented the printing of the book.
Bells. Their Musical and Semantic Characteristics in Modern Slovenian Poetry, Folk Songs, Proverbs, and Sayings
Authors: Kovačič Mojca
Published: December 2010

Pogosta upodobitev zvona v ljudski in umetni poetiki priča o velikem pomenu, ki ga je imel zvon v življenju skupnosti oziroma posameznika. Podrobnejši pogled v dela pesnikov slovenske moderne, v slovenske pregovore, reke in ljudske pesmi odkriva, na kakšne načine zvon zaživi v teh delih, kdaj prevlada njegova semantična, kdaj zvočna stran, v kakšen kontekst je vključena njegova stvarna, metaforična ali simbolna upodobitev ter kako se njegova zvočnost odzvanja v teksturi ljudske pesmi.
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Frequent use of bells in popular and literary poetics indicates the importance that the bell had for the individual as well as the whole community. An analysis of poems from the period of the Slovenian Moderna, Slovenian proverbs, sayings, and folk songs shows a number of findings: how the bell functions in these works; when its semantic aspect prevails over its musical one; the context of its material, metaphoric, and symbolic depictions; and how the texture of folk song reflects the musicality of the bell.
Popular Arrangements of Folk Songs
Authors: Šivic Urša
Published: December 2010

Stikanje ljudske glasbe tako z umetno kakor popularno je konstanta njune zgodovine, iz katere jemlje pričujoča raziskava segment citatne uporabe slovenske ljudske glasbe v popularni glasbi po letu 1990. V središču je glasbena analiza, predvsem izsledki opazovanja načinov oblikovanja priredb, v katerih se stikata v glasbeno strukturnem, poetološkem in sociološkem pogledu različni glasbi.
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Like art music, popular music has always had at least some connections with folk music. The paper looks at the ways in which Slovenian folk music has been used and transformed in popular songs after 1990. Analyzed are arrangements of popular songs that contain elements of folk music, and examined both types of music that are sociologically, poetologically, and structurally very different.
A Call for Awakening or a Swan Song? On the First Dictionary and First Novel in Raba Valley Slovenian
Authors: Ftičar Jože
Published: December 2010

Porabsko-knjižnoslovensko-madžarski slovar in roman Garaboncijaš Franceka Mukiča sta nadvse pomembni deli porabsko-slovenskega slovstva in z lingvističnega in še katerega stališča zaslužita posebno obravnavo. Priložnostna poročila ob njunem izidu še zdaleč ne zajamejo teže in pomena njunega pojava ne le v zamejenem krogu lokalnega narečja, temveč v najširšem diapazonu skupine vzhodnoslovenskih dialektov in slovenistike nasploh. Prispevek zato skuša ob kratki analizi obe deli umestiti v ustrezen kulturološki okvir.
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Francek Mukič's three-way Porabsko-knjižnoslovenskomadžarski slovar (Dictionary of the Rába Valley Dialect, Literary Slovenian, and Hungarian), together with his novel Garaboncijaš (The Wizard), represent important literary achievements of Rába Valley Slovenian that merit special attention from linguistic and other points of view. The reviews that appeared when the two works were published fall far short of encompassing their importance and significance, not only in the limited circle of the local dialect, but also in the broader range of the eastern Slovenian dialect group and Slovenian studies in general. This article therefore briefly analyzes both works and attempts to place them in an appropriate culturological framework.
Architecture and Dwelling Culture in the Vipava Valley. Overview of Sources and Bibliography for the Period Prior to the Second World War
Authors: Ledinek Lozej Špela
Published: December 2010

Avtorica razpravlja o najpomembnejših virih in literaturi za raziskovanje stavbarstva in bivalne kulture v Vipavski dolini, spisanih pred drugo svetovno vojno. Upoštevani so potopisi, poročila, zemljevidi, risbe, kataster, periodika, domoznanska literatura in leposlovje. Sledi predstavitev poglavitne jezikoslovne, etnološke, geografske in siceršnje literature o stavbarstvu in bivalni kulturi Vipavske doline.
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The authoress discusses the most important sources and literature written before WW II about architecture and culture of dwelling in the Vipava's valley. Among the sources itineraries, reports, maps, drawings, a cadastral register, periodicals and belles-lettres are considered. The presentation of principal filological, ethnological, geografical and other literature about architecture and dwelling culture of Vipava's valley follows.
Antibody-Targeted NY-ESO-1 to Mannose Receptor or DEC-205 In Vitro Elicits Dual Human CD8+ and CD4+ T Cell Responses with Broad Antigen Specificity
Authors: Tsuji Takemasa , Matsuzaki Junko , Kelly Marcus P. , Ramakrishna Venky , Vitale Laura , He Li-Zhen , Keler Tibor , Odunsi Kunle , Old Lloyd J. , Ritter Gerd , Gnjatic Sacha
Published: December 2010

Immunization of cancer patients with vaccines containing full-length tumor Ags aims to elicit specific Abs and both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Vaccination with protein Ags, however, often elicits only CD4+ T cell responses without inducing Ag-specific CD8+ T cells, as exogenous protein is primarily presented to CD4+ T cells. Recent data revealed that Ab-mediated targeting of protein Ags to cell surface receptors on dendritic cells could enhance the induction of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. We investigated in this study if these observations were applicable to NY-ESO-1, a cancer-testis Ag widely used in clinical cancer vaccine trials. We generated two novel targeting proteins consisting of the full-length NY-ESO-1 fused to the C terminus of two human mAbs against the human mannose receptor and DEC-205, both internalizing molecules expressed on APC. These targeting proteins were evaluated for their ability to activate NY-ESO-1–specific human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in vitro. Both targeted NY-ESO-1 proteins rapidly bound to their respective targets on APC. Whereas nontargeted and Ab-targeted NY-ESO-1 proteins similarly activated CD4+ T cells, cross-presentation to CD8+ T cells was only efficiently induced by targeted NY-ESO-1. In addition, both mannose receptor and DEC-205 targeting elicited specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from PBLs of cancer patients. Receptor-specific delivery of NY-ESO-1 to APC appears to be a promising vaccination strategy to efficiently generate integrated and broad Ag-specific immune responses against NY-ESO-1 in cancer patients.
Infection-Induced Myelopoiesis during Intracellular Bacterial Infection Is Critically Dependent upon IFN-γ Signaling
Authors: MacNamara Katherine C. , Oduro Kwadwo , Martin Olga , Jones Derek D. , McLaughlin Maura , Choi Kyunghee , Borjesson Dori L. , Winslow Gary M.
Published: December 2010

Although microbial infections can alter steady-state hematopoiesis, the mechanisms that drive such changes are not well understood. We addressed a role for IFN-γ signaling in infection-induced bone marrow suppression and anemia in a murine model of human monocytic ehrlichiosis, an emerging tick-borne disease. Within the bone marrow of Ehrlichia muris-infected C57BL/6 mice, we observed a reduction in myeloid progenitor cells, as defined both phenotypically and functionally. Infected mice exhibited a concomitant increase in developing myeloid cells within the bone marrow, an increase in the frequency of circulating monocytes, and an increase in splenic myeloid cells. The infection-induced changes in progenitor cell phenotype were critically dependent on IFN-γ, but not IFN-α, signaling. In mice deficient in the IFN-γ signaling pathway, we observed an increase in myeloid progenitor cells and CDllbloGr1lo promyelocytic cells within the bone marrow, as well as reduced frequencies of mature granulocytes and monocytes. Furthermore, E. muris-infected IFN-γR–deficient mice did not exhibit anemia or an increase in circulating monocytes, and they succumbed to infection. Gene transcription studies revealed that IFN-γR–deficient CDllbloGr1lo promyelocytes from E. muris-infected mice exhibited significantly reduced expression of irf-1 and irf-8, both key transcription factors that regulate the differentiation of granulocytes and monocytes. Finally, using mixed bone marrow chimeric mice, we show that IFN-γ–dependent infection-induced myelopoiesis occurs via the direct effect of the cytokine on developing myeloid cells. We propose that, in addition to its many other known roles, IFN-γ acts to control infection by directly promoting the differentiation of myeloid cells that contribute to host defense.
Expression of the SLAM Family of Receptors Adapter EAT-2 as a Novel Strategy for Enhancing Beneficial Immune Responses to Vaccine Antigens
Authors: Aldhamen Yasser A. , Appledorn Daniel M. , Seregin Sergey S. , Liu Chyong-jy J. , Schuldt Nathaniel J. , Godbehere Sarah , Amalfitano Andrea
Published: December 2010

Recent studies have shown that activation of the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family of receptors plays an important role in several aspects of immune regulation. However, translation of this knowledge into a useful clinical application has not been undertaken. One important area where SLAM-mediated immune regulation may have keen importance is in the field of vaccinology. Because SLAM signaling plays such a critical role in the innate and adaptive immunity, we endeavored to develop a strategy to improve the efficacy of vaccines by incorporation of proteins known to be important in SLAM-mediated signaling. In this study, we hypothesized that coexpression of the SLAM adapter EWS-FLI1–activated transcript 2 (EAT-2) along with a pathogen-derived Ag would facilitate induction of beneficial innate immune responses, resulting in improved induction of Ag-specific adaptive immune responses. To test this hypothesis, we used rAd5 vector-based vaccines expressing murine EAT-2, or the HIV-1–derived Ag Gag. Compared with appropriate controls, rAd5 vectors expressing EAT-2 facilitated bystander activation of NK, NKT, B, and T cells early after their administration into animals. EAT-2 overexpression also augments the expression of APC (macrophages and dendritic cells) surface markers. Indeed, this multitiered activation of the innate immune system by vaccine-mediated EAT-2 expression enhanced the induction of Ag-specific cellular immune responses. Because both mice and humans express highly conserved EAT-2 adapters, our results suggest that human vaccination strategies that specifically facilitate SLAM signaling may improve vaccine potency when targeting HIV Ags specifically, as well as numerous other vaccine targets in general.
An Intact Canonical NF-κB Pathway Is Required for Inflammatory Gene Expression in Response to Hypoxia
Authors: Fitzpatrick Susan F. , Tambuwala Murtaza M. , Bruning Ulrike , Schaible Bettina , Scholz Carsten C. , Byrne Annette , O’Connor Aisling , Gallagher William M. , Lenihan Colin R. , Garvey John F. , Howell Katherine , Fallon Padraic G. , Cummins Eoin P. , Taylor Cormac T.
Published: December 2010

Hypoxia is a feature of the microenvironment in a number of chronic inflammatory conditions due to increased metabolic activity and disrupted perfusion at the inflamed site. Hypoxia contributes to inflammation through the regulation of gene expression via key oxygen-sensitive transcriptional regulators including the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and NF-κB. Recent studies have revealed a high degree of interdependence between HIF and NF-κB signaling; however, the relative contribution of each to hypoxia-induced inflammatory gene expression remains unclear. In this study, we use transgenic mice expressing luciferase under the control of NF-κB to demonstrate that hypoxia activates NF-κB in the heart and lungs of mice in vivo. Using small interfering RNA targeted to the p65 subunit of NF-κB, we confirm a unidirectional dependence of hypoxic HIF-1α accumulation upon an intact canonical NF-κB pathway in cultured cells. Cyclooxygenase-2 and other key proinflammatory genes are transcriptionally induced by hypoxia in a manner that is both HIF-1 and NF-κB dependent, and in mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking an intact canonical NF-κB pathway, there is a loss of hypoxia-induced inflammatory gene expression. Finally, under conditions of hypoxia, HIF-1α and the p65 subunit of NF-κB directly bind to the cyclooxygenase-2 promoter. These results implicate an essential role for NF-κB signaling in inflammatory gene expression in response to hypoxia both through the regulation of HIF-1 and through direct effects upon target gene expression.
In Vitro Biocompatibility and Mechanical Performance of Titanium Doped High Calcium Oxide Metaphosphate-Based Glasses
Authors: Abou Neel Ensanya A. , Chrzanowski Wojciech , Georgiou George , Dalby Matthew J. , Knowles Jonathan C.
Published: December 2010

This study challenged to produce phosphate-based glasses (PBG) for the treatment of osseous defects. The glasses contained, among other components, 40 mol% CaO and 1–5 mol% TiO2. The mechanical performance and in vitro biocompatibility using both human osteosarcoma and primary osteoblasts were carried out. Incorporation of TiO2 into PBG had no significant effect on strength and modulus. These glasses encouraged attachment and maintained high viability of osteosarcoma cells similar to the positive control surface. Cells grown directly (on glasses) or indirectly (in the presence of glass extracts) showed similar proliferation pattern to the positive control cells with no significant effect of TiO2 detected. Increasing TiO2 content, however, has a profound effect on cytoskeleton organization and spreading and maturation of primary osteoblasts. It is believed that TiO2 might have acted as a chemical cue-modulating cells response, and hence the substrates supported maturation/mineralization of the primary osteoblasts.
Using exploratory factor analysis in personality research: Best-practice recommendations
Authors: Laher Sumaya
Published: December 2010

Orientation: Exploratory factor analysis is the method of choice with objective personality instruments, particularly to establish the construct validity and construct equivalence of trait-based instruments.Research purpose: This article presents more objective methods to determine the number of factors, most notably parallel analysis and Velicer’s minimum average partial (MAP). The benefits of rotation are also discussed. The article argues for more consistent use of Procrustes rotation and congruence coefficients in factor analytic studies.Motivation for the study: Exploratory factor analysis is often criticised for not being rigorous and objective enough in terms of the methods used to determine the number of factors, the rotations to be used and ultimately the validity of the factor structure.Research design, approach and method: The article adopts a theoretical stance to discuss the best-practice recommendations for factor analytic research in the field of psychology. Following this, an example located within personality assessment and using the NEO-PI-R specifically is presented. A total of 425 students at the University of the Witwatersrand completed the NEO-PI-R. These responses were subjected to a principal components analysis using varimax rotation. The rotated solution was subjected to a Procrustes rotation with Costa and McCrae’s (1992) matrix as the target matrix. Congruence coefficients were also computed.Main findings: The example indicates the use of the methods recommended in the article and demonstrates an objective way of determining the number of factors. It also provides an example of Procrustes rotation with coefficients of agreement as an indication of how factor analytic results may be presented more rigorously in local research.Practical/managerial implications: It is hoped that the recommendations in this article will have best-practice implications for both researchers and practitioners in the field who employ factor analysis regularly.Contribution/value-add: This article will prove useful to all researchers employing factor analysis and has the potential to set the trend for better use of factor analysis in the South African context.