bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Race and Ethnicity and Clinician Linguistic Expressions of Doubt in Hospital Admission Notes
Authors: Lee Courtney R. , Aysola Jaya , Chen Xinwei , Addisu Eden , Klein Ari , Weissenbacher Davy , Gonzalez-Hernandez Graciela , Weissman Gary E.
Published: October 2024

Importance

Stigmatizing language in electronic health records (EHRs) can generate or reinforce negative stereotypes about patients from minoritized groups and erode their trust and experience. However, less is known about the use of such language to cast doubt on patient clinical history in hospital settings.

Objective

To compare the prevalence of language expressing doubt about patient clinical history (eg, experiences and symptoms) in hospital admission notes by patient race and ethnicity.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this cohort study, natural language processing tools were applied to analyze 54 936 admission notes from 1249 clinicians about patients aged 18 years or older at admission and hospitalized at an academic health system in the Northeast US between January 1, 2018, and February 28, 2023. Data were analyzed from September 1, 2022, to July 31, 2023.

Exposure

Patient race and ethnicity (non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White, and racial and ethnic minoritized groups excluding non-Hispanic Black [includes multiple racial and ethnic groups, such as Hispanic and Asian]) as recorded in the EHR based on self-report or registrar determination.

Main Outcome and Measure

Binary indicator for at least 1 term casting doubt on patient clinical history was defined using epistemic stance, a linguistic construct expressing a writer’s degree of certainty in information. Terms were manually validated via iterative review of notes by the study team.

Results

Among 56 325 admission notes (mean [SD] age of patients, 55.9 [19.0] years; 30 913 notes among female patients [54.9%]; 25 649 notes among non-Hispanic Black patients [45.5%], 26 442 notes among non-Hispanic White patients [46.9%], and 2985 notes among members of racial and ethnic minoritized groups excluding non-Hispanic Black patients [5.3%]), we analyzed 54 936 admission notes that had no missing data. Among all analyzed admission notes, 39 023 notes (71.0%) contained doubt language. Notes written about non-Hispanic Black patients had increased odds of containing at least 1 word or phrase of doubt (adjusted odds ratio, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.14-1.28; P < .001) compared with notes among non-Hispanic White patients. Compared with notes among non-Hispanic White patients, notes written about members of racial and ethnic minoritized groups excluding non-Hispanic Black patients had similar odds of containing at least 1 term of doubt.

Conclusion and Relevance

In this study, language casting doubt on patient clinical history was more likely to be found in notes of non-Hispanic Black patients. These results suggest that with the implementation of policies allowing patients full access to their health records, examining clinical documentation standards may be associated with improved patient experience.
Emergency Department Visits Among Patients With Dementia Before and After Diagnosis
Authors: Gettel Cameron J. , Song Yuxiao , Rothenberg Craig , Kitchen Courtney , Gilmore-Bykovskyi Andrea , Fried Terri R. , Brody Abraham A. , Nothelle Stephanie , Wolff Jennifer L. , Venkatesh Arjun K.
Published: October 2024

This cohort study assesses changes in emergency department (ED) use among Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older before and after receiving a diagnosis of dementia.
Dispense Printing of Silver Flake Inks on Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Surfaces
Authors: Idris Mohamad Kannan , Grau Gerd
Published: October 2024

In printed electronics, achieving precise deposition of conductive materials on challenging substrates like Teflon is critical. This study delves into dispense printing, a technique that offers precision and versatility for creating electronic patterns. The deposition of high‐viscosity silver flake inks on both hydrophobic surfaces is investigated, such as Teflon, and hydrophilic ones, highlighting the significant interplay between ink viscosity and substrate wettability. This interaction is key to controlling ink spreading, drying behavior, and, ultimately, printing success. Research explores the relationships between critical parameters such as nozzle height, dispense pressure, and print speed, aiming to enhance the quality and functionality of printed electronics. The printing process is analyzed through its distinct phases: extrusion from the nozzle, spreading on the substrate, and line shrinking during drying. This methodological approach allows one to pinpoint how each parameter specifically influences the printing outcome, particularly on challenging substrates like Teflon. By advancing the understanding of these dynamics, the study offers valuable theoretical insights and practical advancements for fabricating high‐quality, flexible electronics across diverse substrates. The findings underscore dispense printing's potential to meet the growing demand for flexible electronics.
Recent Research on the Optimization of Interfacial Structure and Interfacial Interaction Mechanisms of Metal Matrix Composites: A Review
Authors: Zhong Zheng , Jiang Xiaosong , Sun Hongliang , Wu Zixuan , Yang Liu , Matamoros‐Veloza Adriana
Published: October 2024

Interfaces in metal matrix composites (MMCs) are crucial in determining the mechanical properties and functionality of MMCs. This article reviews recent scientific advances and issues related to MMC interfaces from four different perspectives: interfacial structural design, interfacial defect control, thermodynamics and kinetics of interfacial reactions, and interfacial microstructure properties‐based numerical simulation. The influence of interfacial microstructural features on interfacial strength–toughness trade‐offs and their functionality is given special attention. The interfacial problem is still one of the main challenges to be solved in the composite system, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects: interfacial microstructure–deformation mechanisms in complex systems, precise control of interfacial defects and interfacial reaction products, and the efficient and cost‐effective application of numerical simulation techniques. The integrated computation and intelligent design (artificial intelligence) of composites through multiscale computational simulation with the guidance of “interface design‐property prediction” will be the key area of MMC interface research in the future.
Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Tensile Properties of SiC Particle‐Reinforced Composites
Authors: Li Datao , Gao Yingrong , Wei Xiahui , Wang Binhua
Published: October 2024

In this study, experiments and finite element modeling (FEM) are performed to study the tensile mechanical properties of SiC particle‐reinforced 6061 Al‐matrix composites (SiCp/6061Al) at various volume fractions (VFs) of SiCp. The Young's modulus, yield strength, and tensile strength of SiCp/6061Al display an overall upward trend with the increment of the VF of SiCp. The fracture analysis results demonstrate that the fracture of SiCp/6061Al is a hybrid of matrix fracture, reinforcement fracture, and interface debonding. An algorithm is developed to construct the mesostructure of particle‐reinforced composites, based on the random sequential absorption algorithm. The VFs of the particles of the representative volume element (RVE) model constructed using the novel algorithm are as high as 42%. The tensile mechanical properties of SiCp/6061Al are predicted by replacing the irregular particle reinforcements in SiCp/6061Al with spherical particles in the RVE model. Comparisons reveal that the stress–strain curves obtained via experiment and FEM are highly consistent in the elastic‐plastic stage, which verifies the effectiveness and rationality of the novel algorithm.
Multifunctional Hydrogel Containing Oxygen Vacancy‐Rich WOx for Synergistic Photocatalytic O2 Production and Photothermal Therapy Promoting Bacteria‐Infected Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Sun Xichen , Wang Pengfei , Tang Liuyan , Li Ningning , Lou Yan‐Ru , Zhang Yuezhou , Li Peng
Published: October 2024

An effective method capable of simultaneously providing antibacterial activity, blood glucose regulation, and angiogenesis promotion for healing bacteria‐infected diabetic wounds is not reported to date, but urgently required. In this study, a hydrogel composite (γ‐PGA/PDA/GOx/WOx (PPGW)), endowed with these desired attributes is fabricated by incorporating polydopamine (PDA), glucose oxidase (GOx), and tungsten oxide (WOx) nanowires into the poly(γ‐glutamic acid) (γ‐PGA) framework. The exceptional photothermal conversion properties of PDA facilitated notable antibacterial effects on bacteria‐infected diabetic wounds; GOx regulated high blood glucose by consuming glucose and generating hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); while WOx nanowires displayed remarkable photocatalytic abilities, converting H2O2 into oxygen (O2) when exposed to 808‐nm near‐infrared radiation. Density functional theory calculations and experiments are conducted to confirm the mechanism of WOx‐mediated photocatalytic degradation of H2O2 to produce O2. These transformations aided in alleviating the hypoxic conditions in wounds associated with diabetes, expediting angiogenesis, and fostering cell crawling and proliferation. Consequently, the multifunctional hydrogel dressing PPGW, featuring photothermal, antibacterial, and enzyme‐catalyzed activity reduces hyperglycemia at the wound site. Moreover, photocatalytic O2 production represents a promising strategy for addressing chronic bacteria‐infected diabetic wounds.
Nanowires for Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Zhang Hong , Xu Haoran , Xiao Zixin , Dong Guangyao , Cheng Yu , Fei Fan , Hu Xinkuan , Xu Lin , Mai Liqiang
Published: October 2024

A vital approach to accessing high‐safety and high‐energy‐density lithium batteries is to develop solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) instead of liquid electrolytes. However, lithium‐ion transport and interface stability issues puzzle the construction of solid‐state lithium batteries (SSLBs). Thus, developing fast‐ionic conductors with high electrochemical performances and chemical stability is crucial to SSLBs. Nanowires (NWs) possess high aspect ratios for maintaining carrier transport along the radial direction, thus being extensively employed in SSLBs for the enhancement of ion transport efficiency, mechanical properties, thermostability, flame retardancy, and interface stability between electrodes and electrolytes, consequently boosting the cycle stability and safety of SSLBs. In this work, the advances in NWs for SSLBs, from rational design and synthesis strategies to applications in composite cathodes, anode materials, and SSEs of SSLBs, are systematically reviewed. The key role of NWs in electrodes and the enhancement mechanism of SSE performance by introducing NWs are concluded in detail. Finally, the existing challenges and anticipated prospects for the future development of advanced nanowire‐based SSLBs are summarized and demonstrated. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding to facilitate the application of NWs in SSLBs.
Fluorescent Protein PEGylation for Stable Photon Manipulation in Deep‐Red Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Armayor David , Ferrara Sara , Nieddu Mattia , Zieleniewska Anna , Costa Rubén D.
Published: October 2024

PEGylation is a classic strategy to reduce denaturation and immunogenicity in therapeutic proteins, bioimaging, and drug delivery. However, this concept has not been applied to incorporate biogenic materials as functional components in optoelectronics. Herein, PEGylation is rationalized as an effective tool to stabilize fluorescent proteins in solid‐state photon manipulation down‐converters integrated into bio‐hybrid light‐emitting diodes. In short, the archetypal red‐emitting protein mCherry is nonspecifically PEGylated with methoxypolyethylene glycols (mPEG) chains of different lengths (mPEG‐350/‐750/‐2000). These derivatives hold the same photoluminescence figures‐of‐merit of mCherry, but an improved resistance against organic solvents, pH, temperature, and polymers (in solution/dry‐coatings) upon increasing the mPEG length. Indeed, the best‐performing mCherry‐mPEG‐2000 adduct leads to deep‐red devices with threefold enhanced color stability (>300 h) under harsh operation conditions (150 mW cm−2) over the prior art. Different device architectures along with spectroscopic, thermocycling, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies of the prepared coatings aid in rationalizing that PEGylation successfully reduces i) nonreversible thermal denaturation, ii) aggregation in solid‐state, and iii) photo‐induced oxidation and H+‐transfer deactivation of the chromophore, since oxygen diffusivity and H+‐reorganization across the protein skeleton are slowed down by strong H+‐bonding/hydrophobic mCherry‐mPEG interactions. Hence, this simple supramolecular modification is of utmost relevance for future advances in protein‐based optoelectronics.
Liquid Crystal Enables Extraordinarily Precise Tunability for a High‐Q Ultra‐Narrowband Filter Based on a Quasi‐BIC Metasurface
Authors: Yu Binbin , Yang Fei , Zeng Mengdie , Meng Xiangyu , Qian Ziheng , Tai Yonghang , Li Tao
Published: October 2024

Notch filters usually involve high costs, great difficulties in processing, and very limited tunability. By coating a nematic liquid crystal (LC) layer onto a well‐designed quasi‐bound states in the continuum (quasi‐BICs) metasurface, this work designs and demonstrates a high‐Q tunable filtering system with precise tunability in the near‐infrared spectral range. Optimal structural parameters and the filtering performance are first determined by numerical simulations and then confirmed in experiments. The precise tunability is enabled by modifying the LC molecules’ principal axes with an applied voltage, where the least distinguishable central wavelength interval is smaller than 0.3 nm, and the largest Q factor extracted from experiments can be ≈256.1. Compared to most of the commercial notch filters that work in the visible region and have no tunability, this work achieves an ultra‐narrowband filtering system that features low manufacture difficulty and cost, and great control of light propagation. The proposed design also opens new avenues for developing BIC‐based high‐Q devices with enhanced signal‐to‐noise ratio and multifunctional properties.
Modulating Yeager Adsorption Configuration of O2 Through Cd Doping in Zn3In2S6 for Photosynthesis of H2O2
Authors: Jiao Dongxu , Ding Chunsheng , Xu Minghua , Ruan Xiaowen , Ravi Sai Kishore , Cui Xiaoqiang
Published: October 2024

The photocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a key pathway for producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). While most previous studies have focused on the two‐step 2e− ORR process, the one‐step two‐electron ORR route offers thermodynamic and kinetic advantages that can significantly enhance 2e− ORR activity and selectivity. In this study, a photocatalyst design is reported by incorporating cadmium into vacancy‐rich Zn3In2S6 (Cd‐SV/ZIS). This catalyst enables H2O2 production via a one‐step 2e− ORR process without the use of sacrificial agents, achieving a high H2O2 yield of 39.42 µmol g−1 min−1 under UV–vis light irradiation, outperforming most reported ZIS‐based photocatalysts. Theoretical simulations and experimental results demonstrate that Cd doping improves the carrier kinetics of the catalyst, broadens its light absorption range, and promotes the Yeager adsorption configuration of O2, leading to highly active and selective H2O2 generation. This study provides insights into the design of efficient ZIS‐based photocatalysts for H2O2 production.
Hierarchical Nanostructures as Acoustically Manipulatable Multifunctional Agents in Dynamic Fluid Flow
Authors: Kim Dong Wook , Wrede Paul , Estrada Hector , Yildiz Erdost , Lazovic Jelena , Bhargava Aarushi , Razansky Daniel , Sitti Metin
Published: October 2024

Acoustic waves provide a biocompatible and deep‐tissue‐penetrating tool suitable for contactless manipulation in in vivo environments. Despite the prevalence of dynamic fluids within the body, previous studies have primarily focused on static fluids, and manipulatable agents in dynamic fluids are limited to gaseous core‐shell particles. However, these gas‐filled particles face challenges in fast‐flow manipulation, complex setups, design versatility, and practical medical imaging, underscoring the need for effective alternatives. In this study, flower‐like hierarchical nanostructures (HNS) into microparticles (MPs) are incorporated, and demonstrated that various materials fabricated as HNS‐MPs exhibit effective and reproducible acoustic trapping within high‐velocity fluid flows. Through simulations, it is validated that the HNS‐MPs are drawn to the focal point by acoustic streaming and form a trap through secondary acoustic streaming at the tips of the nanosheets comprising the HNS‐MPs. Furthermore, the wide range of materials and modification options for HNS, combined with their high surface area and biocompatibility, enable them to serve as acoustically manipulatable multimodal imaging contrast agents and microrobots. They can perform intravascular multi‐trap maneuvering with real‐time imaging, purification of wastewater flow, and highly‐loaded drug delivery. Given the diverse HNS materials developed to date, this study extends their applications to acoustofluidic and biomedical fields.
Achieving the 1D Atomic Chain Limit in Van der Waals Crystals
Authors: Teeter Jordan , Kim Na Yeon , Debnath Topojit , Sesing Nicholas , Geremew Tekwam , Wright Dylan , Chi Miaofang , Stieg Adam Z. , Miao Jianwei , Lake Roger K. , Salguero Tina , Balandin Alexander A.
Published: October 2024

Experiments with graphene have demonstrated that 2D van der Waals materials can be stable, robust, and efficiently manipulated at the level of individual atomic planes. However, the stability and manipulation of 1D van der Waals materials and individual atomic chains remains elusive. Here, the ability to exfoliate and process two representative van der Waals materials containing 1D motifs, namely MoI3 and Ta2Se8I, at the scale of individual atomic chains is demonstrated. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy studies confirm the presence of stable individual atomic chains of MoI3 at room temperature. It is further shown that 1D van der Waals materials with low exfoliation energy, such as Ta2Se8I, can be processed with electron beams to achieve suspended individual atomic chains. Ab initio calculations corroborate the findings regarding the cleavage energies and the thermodynamic stability of individual atomic chains in these 1D van der Waals materials. These results demonstrate that the top‐down approach in material processing can be extended to the scale of individual chains.
Modulating the Electronic Structure of MnNi2S3 Nanoelectrodes to Activate Pyroptosis for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen‐Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Jingrui , Wang Gang , Wen Zhaoyu , Sun Shumin , Han Zhihui , Yang Yuqi , Wu Jie , Pei Zifan , Liu Luyao , Chen Youdong , Cheng Liang
Published: October 2024

Hydrogen (H2) therapy has demonstrated antitumor effect, but the therapeutic efficacy is restricted by the low solubility and nontarget delivery of H2. Electrolysis of H2O by electrocatalysts sustainably releases enormous amounts of H2 and inspires the precise delivery of H2 for tumor therapy. Herein, manganese‐doped Ni2S3 nanoelectrodes (MnNi2S3 NEs) are designed for the electrocatalytic delivery of H2 and the activation of antitumor immunity to effectively potentiate H2‐immunotherapy. Ni atoms featuring empty 3d orbitals reduce the initial energy barrier of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by promoting the adsorption of H2O. Moreover, Mn atoms with different electronegativity modulate the electronic structure of Ni atoms and facilitate the desorption of the generated H2, thus enhancing the HER activity of the MnNi2S3 NEs. Based on the high HER activity, controllable delivery of H2 for electrocatalytic hydrogen therapy (EHT) is achieved in a voltage‐dependent manner. Mechanistically, MnNi2S3 NE‐mediated EHT induces mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, which subsequently activates pyroptosis through the typical ROS/caspase‐1/GSDMD signaling pathway. Furthermore, MnNi2S3 NE‐mediated EHT enhances the infiltration of CD8+ T lymphocytes into tumors and reverses the immunosuppressive microenvironment. This work demonstrates an electrocatalyst with high HER activity for synergistic gas‐immunotherapy, which may spark electrocatalyst‐based tumor therapy strategies.
Interface Dependent Coexistence of Two‐Dimensional Electron and Hole Gases in Mn‐doped InAs/GaSb
Authors: Riney Logan , Bac Seul‐Ki , Zhukovskyi Maksym , Orlova Tatyana , Fields Shelby S. , Wang Jiashu , Kotte Tommy , Graf David , Bennett Steven P. , Liu Xinyu , Assaf Badih A.
Published: October 2024

The interface of common III‐V semiconductors InAs and GaSb can be utilized to realize a two‐dimensional (2D) topological insulator state. The 2D electronic gas at this interface can yield Hall quantization from coexisting electrons and holes. This anomaly is a determining factor in the fundamental origin of the topological state in InAs/GaSb. Here, the coexistence of electrons and holes in InAs/GaSb is tied to the chemical sharpness of the interface. Magnetotransport, in samples of Mn‐doped InAs/GaSb cleaved from wafers grown at a spatially inhomogeneous substrate temperature, is studied. It is reported that the observation of quantum oscillations and a quantized Hall effect whose behavior, exhibiting coexisting electrons and holes, is tuned by this spatial nonuniformity. Through transmission electron microscopy measurements, it is additionally found that samples that host this co‐existence exhibit a chemical intermixing between group III and group V atoms that extends over a larger thickness about the interface. The issue of intermixing at the interface is systematically overlooked in electronic transport studies of topological InAs/GaSb. These findings address this gap in knowledge and shed important light on the origin of the anomalous behavior of quantum oscillations seen in this 2D topological insulator.
Ultraflat, Monolithic, Highly Stable Supercontinuum Source Based on Fluorotellurite Fiber
Authors: Lei Hao , Jiao Yadong , Zhao XinSheng , Xie Kunlin , Chen Junsheng , Zhong Wenbo , Guo Xiaohui , Luo Hongyu , Li Jianfeng , Jia Zhixu , Qin Guanshi
Published: October 2024

Supercontinuum (SC) sources covering near‐infrared and midinfrared region have attracted enormous interest and found significant applications in tissue imaging, sensing, spectroscopy, defense, and environmental monitoring. Herein, an 8.45 W all‐fiber ultraflat SC source with a spectral range of 1.01–4.05 μm using a flat high‐power 1.9–2.7 μm SC fiber source to pump a piece of fluorotellurite fiber is presented. The SC spectrum exhibits a 3 dB bandwidth of 1850 nm, ranging from 1870 to 3720 nm, and a 10 dB bandwidth of 2770 nm, ranging from 1120 to 3890 nm. The measured power stability is 0.19% (root mean square) for 5 h of continuous operation, proving the excellent power stability of the system. To the best of knowledge, the SC spectrum exhibits the widest reported 3 and 10 dB bandwidths for 1–4 μm SC sources.
Mapping Nanoscale‐To‐Single‐Cell Phosphoproteomic Landscape by Chip‐DIA
Authors: Muneer Gul , Gebreyesus Sofani Tafesse , Chen Ciao‐Syuan , Lee Tzu‐Tsung , Yu Fengchao , Lin Chih‐An , Hsieh Min‐Shu , Nesvizhskii Alexey I. , Ho Chao‐Chi , Yu Sung‐Liang , Tu Hsiung‐Lin , Chen Yu‐Ju
Published: October 2024

Protein phosphorylation plays a crucial role in regulating disease phenotypes and serves as a key target for drug development. Mapping nanoscale‐to‐single‐cell samples can unravel the heterogeneity of cellular signaling events. However, it remains a formidable analytical challenge due to the low detectability, abundance, and stoichiometry of phosphorylation sites. Here, we present a Chip‐DIA strategy, integrating a microfluidic‐based phosphoproteomic chip (iPhosChip) with data‐independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA‐MS) for ultrasensitive nanoscale‐to‐single‐cell phosphoproteomic profiling. The iPhosChip operates as an all‐in‐one station that accommodates both quantifiable cell capture/imaging and the entire phosphoproteomic workflow in a highly streamlined and multiplexed manner. Coupled with a sample size‐comparable library‐based DIA‐MS strategy, Chip‐DIA achieved ultra‐high sensitivity, detecting 1076±158 to 15869±1898 phosphopeptides from 10±0 to 1013±4 cells, and revealed the first single‐cell phosphoproteomic landscape comprising druggable sites and basal phosphorylation‐mediated networks in lung cancer. Notably, the sensitivity and coverage enabled the illumination of heterogeneous cytoskeleton remodeling and cytokeratin signatures in patient‐derived cells resistant to third‐generation EGFR therapy, stratifying mixed‐lineage adenocarcinoma‐squamous cell carcinoma subtypes, and identifying alternative targeted therapy for late‐stage patients. With flexibility in module design and functionalization, Chip‐DIA can be adapted to other PTM‐omics to explore dysregulated PTM landscapes, thereby guiding therapeutic strategies toward precision oncology.
PUMA: Deep Metric Imitation Learning for Stable Motion Primitives
Authors: Pérez‐Dattari Rodrigo , Della Santina Cosimo , Kober Jens
Published: October 2024

Imitation learning (IL) facilitates intuitive robotic programming. However, ensuring the reliability of learned behaviors remains a challenge. In the context of reaching motions, a robot should consistently reach its goal, regardless of its initial conditions. To meet this requirement, IL methods often employ specialized function approximators that guarantee this property by construction. Although effective, these approaches come with some limitations: 1) they are typically restricted in the range of motions they can model, resulting in suboptimal IL capabilities, and 2) they require explicit extensions to account for the geometry of motions that consider orientations. To address these challenges, we introduce a novel stability loss function that does not constrain the function approximator's architecture and enables learning policies that yield accurate results. Furthermore, it is not restricted to a specific state space geometry; therefore, it can easily incorporate the geometry of the robot's state space. Proof of the stability properties induced by this loss is provided and the method is empirically validated in various settings. These settings include Euclidean and non‐Euclidean state spaces, as well as first‐order and second‐order motions, both in simulation and with real robots. More details about the experimental results can be found at https://youtu.be/ZWKLGntCI6w.
Advancing Equity in Rare Disease Research: Insights From the Undiagnosed Disease Network
Authors: Borja Nicholas A. , Tinker Rory J. , Bivona Stephanie A. , Smith Carson A. , Locker Theodore Krijnse , Fernandes Samuela ,   Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Phillips John A. , Stoler Justin , Taylor Herman , Zuchner Stephan , Tekin Mustafa
Published: October 2024

Rare diseases affect 6%–8% of the population and present diagnostic challenges, particularly for historically marginalized ethnic and racial groups. The Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) aims to enhance diagnosis rates and research participation among such minoritized groups. A retrospective review was conducted from 2015 to 2023, analyzing 2235 UDN participants to evaluate its progress toward this objective. Data on demographics, disease phenotypes, diagnostic outcomes, and socioeconomic factors were collected and statistical analyses assessed differences among ethnic and racial groups. This demonstrated that Hispanic and Black non‐Hispanic groups were underrepresented, while White non‐Hispanic participants were overrepresented in the UDN compared to the US population. Individuals whose primary language was not English were also significantly underrepresented. Diagnosis rates varied, with the highest rates among Asian non‐Hispanic (39.5%) and Hispanic (35.3%) groups and the lowest rate in the White non‐Hispanic group (26.8%) (p < 0.001). Binomial logistic regression found, however, that only participant age and disease phenotype predicted the likelihood of receiving a diagnosis (p < 0.001). Persistent ethnic and racial disparities in UDN participation appear to be associated with major differences in application rates. Under‐enrollment of historically marginalized ethnic and racial groups may be due to economic hardships and language barriers. No differences in the diagnostic yield among ethnic and racial groups were observed after controlling for other factors. This work highlights the value of comprehensive genetic evaluations for addressing healthcare disparities and suggests priorities for advancing inclusion in rare disease research.
An Electrochemical Route to Novel N‐benzoyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles and Protein Binding Studies of Selected Triazole Derivatives
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Manas , Goswami Upasi , Ghorai Shubhankar , Pathak Swastik , Ganguly Debabani , Escorihuela Jorge , Ganguly Jhuma , Bera Mrinal K.
Published: October 2024

An electrochemical, cost‐efficient and atom‐economic method for the synthesis of novel, structurally unique N‐benzoyl‐1,2,3‐triazole derivatives has been developed via cascade oxidation‐ 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of readily available propargyl alcohol and benzoyl azide. The electro‐oxidation of propargyl alcohol and subsequent cycloaddition was performed in an undivided cell using graphite rod and stainless‐steel plate as inexpensive electrode materials. Numerous 4,5‐disubstituted N‐benzoyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles may be synthesized from milli to multi‐gram scale employing this protocol. The biological significance of few selected triazole derivatives were evaluated via protein binding studies.
Unravelling the Crucial of Spatial Al Distribution to Realize Precise Alkali‐Treatment for Target Acid‐Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Li Junjie , Chen Huihui , Liu Wen , Zhi Yuchun , Ta Na , Xie Sujuan , Xu Longya , Li Xiujie , Zhu Xiangxue , Xu Shutao
Published: October 2024

Constructing mesoporous structure within zeolites by alkali‐treatment is an effective protocol to improve their diffusion properties. However, undesirable changes in Brönsted acid site (BAS) densities always offset this advantage in acid‐catalyzed reactions. In this context, the crucial roles of spatial aluminum (Al) distribution were unraveled during alkali‐treatment of MFI zeolite and the desirable BAS density was achieved in obtained hierarchical samples for the target reactions. Various characterization methods, particularly the multiple one‐ and two‐dimensional magic‐angle spinning (MAS) NMR techniques, were performed to track the alkali‐treatment processes. For the sample with a more uniform spatial Al distribution, more tetrahedral Al sites would fall off and migrate around the Si‐OH in zeolite as Al(OH)4−. Those re‐deposited Al(OH)4− sites were easily transformed into NMR‐invisible Al sites during the calcination process, which contributed negligibly to both Brönsted and Lewis acidities, thus being referred to “acid‐free” Al species. While most tetrahedral Al sites were preserved after the alkali‐treatment of sample with non‐uniform Al distribution and the BAS density gradually increased with treatment time. According to the requirements of typical acid‐catalyzed reactions, such as catalytic cracking of 1,3,5‐triisopropylbenzene and methanol‐to‐olefins, the desired hierarchical zeolite catalysts were developed by matching the amounts of extracted Si and generated “acid‐free” Al during the precise alkali‐treatment.
A Turn‐On Fluorescence Probe Based on a New Salamo‐Co (II) Coordination Polymer for Tyrosine Detection and Its Application in Water Samples
Authors: Yuan Pei‐Lin , Chai Zhi‐Lei , Zhang Hai‐Wei , Tuo Na , Wang Li , Sun Chu‐Feng , Dong Wen‐Kui
Published: October 2024

A novel salamo‐Co (II) coordination polymer probe CP was synthesized firstly, and its crystal structure, [Co3(L)2(PTA)(H2O)2]n·4nDMF, was determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The probe has a rare aggregation‐induced luminescence enhancement (AIEE) effect. When applied to amino acid detection, it was found to have a high selective recognition of tyrosine. With the increase of tyrosine, the fluorescent strength of the probe was enhanced in a short period of time. In addition, the binding ratio of probe to Tyr was determined by fluorescence titration experiment, and the detection limit LOD of probe CP for Tyr was calculated to be 2.57 × 10−9 M, and the binding constant Ka was 2.96 × 105 M−1. According to UV absorption spectrum, FT‐IR spectra, ESI mass spectrometry, and DFT calculation, it was speculated that Tyr can bind to the probe after adding Tyr into the probe solution, triggering FRET and ICT effects, resulting in increased fluorescence intensity and blue shift, and finally achieving the specific recognition of tyrosine by probe CP. Finally, the practical application of probe CP was studied. Through strip test and real water sample test, it was found that the probe can be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of tyrosine.
Supported Nickel Nanoparticles as Catalyst in Direct sp3 C−H Alkylation of 9H‐Fluorene Using Alcohols as Alkylating Agent
Authors: M Vageesh , Joshi Harsh , A S Anupriya , Dey Raju
Published: October 2024

Herein, we report an inexpensive first‐row transition metal Ni heterogeneous catalytic system for the Csp3‐mono alkylation of fluorene using alcohols as alkylating agents via borrowing hydrogen strategy. The catalytic protocol displayed versatility with high yields of the desired products using various types of primary alcohols, including aryl/hetero aryl methanols, and aliphatic alcohols as alkylating agents. The catalyst Ni NPs@N−C was synthesized via high‐temperature pyrolysis strategy, using ZIF‐8 as the sacrificial template. The Ni NPs@N−C catalyst was characterized by XPS, HR‐TEM, HAADF‐STEM, XRD and ICP‐MS. The catalyst is stable even in the air at room temperature, displayed excellent activity and could be recycled 5 times without appreciable loss of its activity.
Oxidative Amidation of Ferrocenyl Aldehydes with Amines Catalyzed by Chalcogenised Fe3Se2(CO)9 Cluster: Direct Transformation of Aldehyde to Amides
Authors: Sharma Deepak , Choudhary Aditya , Tomar Vijesh , Joshi Raj K.
Published: October 2024

With the interest and knowing the importance of ferrocenyl conjugates, a direct amidation of ferrocenyl aldehyde has been developed under feasible conditions. Varieties of amines has been oxidatively coupled with ferrocene aldehyde in the presence of highly economical and robustly stable iron chalcogenide ironcarbonyl clusters [Fe3E2(CO)9, E= S, Se, and Te] and TBHP. The reaction worked in greener solvent water at a moderate temperature of 70 °C and the ferrocenyl‐amides in just 30 minutes. All the varieties of amines were found to be well tolerated for the present method, and due to the high medicinal importance of ferrocenyl‐amides, sole focus of this report was concentrates on the synthesis of various new ferrocenyl‐amides in good to excellent amounts.
Rundum runder Holzbau
Authors: Jacob‐Freitag Susanne , Schmidt Jonas
Published: October 2024

Mit dem in 2023 fertiggestellten Globe Theater hat Coburg ein neues Highlight der besonderen Art. Das neue Theater ist nicht nur ein viergeschossiger Rundbau, sondern auch fast ein purer Holzbau. Es dient als Übergangslösung für die Zeit der Generalsanierung des altehrwürdigen Landestheaters im historischen Stadtzentrum. Das Gebäudeensemble liegt zentrumsnah auf dem Areal des ehemaligen Güterbahnhofs und besteht aus einem Haupt‐ und drei Nebengebäuden in Holzbauweise. Dabei ragt der eigentliche Theaterbau als Rundbau markant in die Höhe. Die drei Nebengebäude schließen an das Hauptgebäude hintereinander an und sind durch einen verglasten Verbindungsgang miteinander verbunden. Der Rundbau aus Brettsperrholz, Brettschichtholz und Geschossdecken in Holz‐Beton‐Verbund‐Trockenbauweise war für alle Planer und Bauausführenden eine Herausforderung. Gerade auch bei der Werkplanung, Fertigung, Anlieferung und Montage der Holz‐Beton‐Verbunddecken galt es, einen optimalen Ablauf zu gewährleisten, den ZÜBLIN Timber aus Aichach verantwortete. Die neue Interimsspielstätte findet seit Eröffnung großen Zuspruch und soll auch nach Wiedereröffnung des Landestheaters für Veranstaltungen genutzt werden.
Relationship of PSC to embryos: Extending and refining capture of PSC lines from mammalian embryos
Authors: Ying Qi‐Long , Nichols Jennifer
Published: October 2024

Pluripotent stem cell lines derived from preimplantation mouse embryos have opened opportunities for the study of early mammalian development and generation of genetically uncompromised material for differentiation into specific cell types. Murine embryonic stem cells are highly versatile and can be engineered and introduced into host embryos, transferred to recipient females, and gestated to investigate gene function at multiple levels as well as developmental mechanisms, including lineage segregation and cell competition. In this review, we summarize the biomedical motivation driving the incremental modification to culture regimes and analyses that have advanced stem cell research to its current state. Ongoing investigation into divergent mechanisms of early developmental processes adopted by other species, such as agriculturally beneficial mammals and birds, will continue to enrich knowledge and inform strategies for future in vitro models.
The power of empathy
Authors: Skipworth Stan
Published: October 2024

Recently, my family brought home a new dog. Her name is Maggie. Our family has fostered Labrador and Golden Retriever dogs for adoption for many years, so having a new pup in the house wasn’t all that unusual. But in this case, we were adopting Maggie right into our family. Maggie had some requisite medical needs and vaccines that needed to be taken care of, so within a week of her arrival home, we were at the veterinarian.
Anti‐transgender laws have large impact on youth suicide rate, according to research
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: October 2024

States that passed anti‐trans laws aimed at minors and young adults saw suicide attempts by transgender and gender‐nonconforming teenagers increase by as much as 72% in the years after the legislation passed, according to a new study by The Trevor Project. Between 2018 and 2022, 19 states passed 48 different anti‐transgender laws (as defined by The Trevor Project, “laws that restrict the rights of transgender and non‐binary people”).
In Vitro Inhibitory Effect of Berberine Against Rotavirus
Authors: Nguyen Hue Thi , Hoa‐Tran Thi Nguyen , Tran Huy Quang , Nguyen Thuy Thi Thu
Published: October 2024

Although berberine (BBR) is well known as an active constituent in traditional medicines used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, its potential against viral gastroenteritis has not been specifically reported. This study aims to investigate the antiviral activity of BBR against rotavirus and evaluate its cytotoxicity and pharmacological efficacies, including antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities in vitro. Using ultraviolet‐visible absorption spectroscopy, the saturation concentration of BBR was determined as 2261 μg/mL, indicating that BBR is a poor water‐soluble compound. The inhibition rate of nitric oxide (NO) production of BBR solution at a concentration of 283 μg/mL was similar to that of Cardamonin 0.3 μM with a cell viability of 92.46±0.35 %, revealing the anti‐inflammatory activity of BBR. The cytotoxicity of the BBR solution depended on its concentration, whereby the 50 % cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) of BBR after 96 h exposure was 664 μg/mL. Investigation of cytopathic effects (CPEs) of MA104 cells treated with BBR and BBR‐incubated rotavirus indicates that BBR could effectively inhibit the replication of rotavirus. CPEs were not observed in the cells inoculated with rotavirus (100TCID50) which was pre‐incubated with BBR for 96 hours at a BBR concentration of 283 μg/mL. Therefore, the study provides reliable results to demonstrate the ability of BBR to inhibit the replication of rotavirus.
Bacterial Acyl Homoserine Lactones Triggered Non‐Native Substrate Hydroxylation Catalyzed by Directed‐Evolution‐Derived Cytochrome P450BM3 Mutants
Authors: Yokoyama Yuya , Ariyasu Shinya , Karasawa Masayuki , Kasai Chie , Aiba Yuichiro , Sugimoto Hiroshi , Shoji Osami
Published: October 2024

We report the directed evolution of cytochrome P450BM3 to efficiently utilize the bacterial quorum sensing signalling molecule N‐decanoyl homoserine lactone (C10‐HSL) as an effective decoy molecule. This represents the first important step in our endeavor to develop of a self‐sufficient decoy‐molecule system in whole‐cells that only necessitates the addition of culture medium and substrate to realize the hydroxylation of non‐native substrates. Following five rounds of directed evolution, mutant P450BM3, in the presence of C10‐HSL, catalyzed the hydroxylation of benzene at a rate of 475 min−1, the highest turnover rate recorded for any P450 enzyme, and achieving a 46% yield in a whole‐cell reaction system. High‐resolution X‐ray crystal structure analysis of a series of mutants narrates the directed evolution process, revealing how C10‐HSL is fixed in the binding pocket to permit binding of non‐native substrates. Finally, introduction of the C10‐HSL synthase gene ExpI into Escherichia coli, enabled the in situ production of C10‐HSL, realizing, for the first time, the hydroxylation of non‐native substrates without the need for the laborious synthesis and addition of decoy molecules.
3’‐Dehydroxypurpurogallin‐4‐Carboxamides as Influenza A Endonuclease Inhibitors: Synthesis, Structure‐Activity Relationship Analysis, and Structural Characterization of Protein Complex
Authors: Kráľ Michal , Kotačka Tomáš , Reiberger Róbert , Panýrková Gabriela , Radilová Kateřina , Osifová Zuzana , Flieger Miroslav , Konvalinka Jan , Majer Pavel , Kožíšek Milan , Machara Aleš
Published: October 2024

The influenza RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase harbours an endonuclease subunit characterized by a catalytic site housing two divalent metal ions. By effectively chelating both Mg2+ and Mn2+ ions, a small‐molecule inhibitor with a metal‐binding pharmacophore can halt endonuclease activity. Herein, two 3’‐dehydroxypurpurogallin‐4‐carboxamide series, namely twelve C‐4’ unsubstituted and twelve C‐4’ phenyl substituted congeners were designed and prepared to be tested as inhibitors of the metal‐dependent viral enzyme. These inhibitors were accessed through the chemoenzymatic reaction of gallic acid with either pyrocatechol or phenylpyrocatechol moderated by laccase, followed by amidation. Experimental IC50 values were determined using AlphaScreen technology, with the most potent inhibitors exhibiting IC50 values around 0.35 μM. Using X‐ray crystallography, we analyzed structure of the endonuclease in complex with one potent 3’‐dehydroxypurpurogallin‐carboxamide at 2.0 Å resolution, revealing the coordination of the compound's triad of oxygen atoms with the two metal ions in the influenza A endonuclease active site.
Insights into the Hydration Layer of Reduced Graphene Oxides: A Computational Study
Authors: Savazzi Filippo , Risplendi Francesca , Cicero Giancarlo
Published: October 2024

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has emerged as a versatile material with diverse applications, particularly in aqueous environments. Understanding its interactions with water molecules is crucial for various fields, ranging from energy storage to sensing. In this study, we investigate the behavior of graphene and rGO in water, focusing on elucidating their wetting properties and the influence of oxygen‐containing functional groups. Through extensive molecular dynamics simulations, we analyze the orientation and electrostatic dipole of water molecules near the rGO interface, revealing a direct correlation between rGO hydrophilicity and oxidation level. Specifically, we observe stronger hydrogen bonding networks near higher coverage rGO monolayers, indicating enhanced hydrophilicity. Furthermore, by studying water confined between rGO layers, we find uniform water transport with lateral self‐diffusion coefficients comparable to bulk water, highlighting the potential of rGO membranes in various applications. Our findings provide insights into the atomic‐scale interactions governing rGO‐water interfaces, paving the way for the rational design of graphene‐based materials for application in aqueous environments.
The Effect of Spatio‐Temporal Sampling and Biological Replication on the Detection of Kelp Forest Fish Communities Using eDNA Metabarcoding
Authors: Courtaillac Kira‐Lee , Landschoff Jannes , Hull Kelvin , von der Heyden Sophie
Published: October 2024

Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding surveys can support the acquisition of extensive biodiversity data to support ecosystem monitoring and conservation actions. However, the optimization of eDNA metabarcoding project design is essential to capture spatio‐temporal heterogeneity of eDNA signals and maximize diversity detection. In this study, we developed a system‐specific approach to detect fish communities in kelp forests, by analyzing fine‐scale spatio‐temporal patterns in eDNA signals at two sites along the South African coastline, as well as testing the effect of biological replication and pooling of replicates on species detection. At each site, samples were collected at two stations along the shoreline at two depth zones, and this was repeated at two time points (24 h apart). We detected 113 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) across 32 families, but fewer than 20% of OTUs could be assigned to species, indicating that barcode reference libraries need to be drastically improved. We detected significant differences in communities across small spatial scales (< 600 m) and time points, suggesting that to best capture a site's diversity patterns, samples should be collected at multiple points and times within at least 24 h. To detect ~80% of the fish community, including some low abundance species, a minimum of four samples appear sufficient. In addition, a higher number of OTUs (76 vs. 65) were found in individual replicates than in any of the pools. However, pooling samples prior to sequencing can still detect valuable broad‐scale biodiversity patterns for monitoring and can offset the decrease in data resolution with the benefit of accumulating comprehensive data from increased sampling efforts over time. As a pilot investigation into how best to maximize kelp forest‐associated fish communities, this study provides a basis for optimizing sampling design for coastal eDNA‐based surveys in southern Africa and strengthens the development of long‐term eDNA monitoring programs to better support conservation and management actions.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ru(II)−NSHC Catalysts Bearing Thiamine Analogs in Water‐Solvent Transfer Hydrogenation Catalysis
Authors: Kılınçarslan Rafet , Menderes Melek , Tuncer Hayriye , Özdemir Sedef , Özdemir Namık , Çetinkaya Bekir
Published: October 2024

Thiamine analogues with 3‐methyl and 4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl) substituents on the backbone of thiazole ring, were used to synthesize monodentate Ru(II)‐thiazolylidene complexes in a single step via transmetalation under mild conditions. These novel complexes catalyze the conversion of ketones and aldehydes to alcohols by transfer hydrogenation in a 5 : 2 HCO2H/NEt3 buffer in water. However, their efficiency was found to be much lower than the thiamine‐derived bidentate Ru(II) complexes, which strongly indicates that the ‘N−H’ plays a crucial role in the reaction.