bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organizaciones públicas frente a cambios en su entorno: implicaciones de las capacidades de respuesta y de adaptación
Authors: Rentería César
Published: December 2021

Al explorar la relación entre organizaciones públicas y entorno, la literatura en administración pública favorece la noción de que el entorno de dichas organizaciones es estático y, por lo tanto, la gestión efectiva se fundamenta en rutinas e instituciones que dotan de capacidad de respuesta ante eventos. En este artículo se argumenta que la capacidad de respuesta puede ser inefectiva ante cambios del entorno. El estudio de la relación entre organizaciones públicas y su entorno puede enriquecerse al considerar entornos dinámicos, especialmente para distinguir entre capacidades de respuesta y de adaptación.
Supervisión en la ejecución de las penas alternativas: origen, fertilización y resistencias
Authors: Murillo Consuelo
Published: December 2021

En la actualidad podemos encontrar en los sistemas jurídicos del common law y del derecho civil castigos penales que se cumplen en libertad e implican una intervención en la vida del penado que adopta la forma de supervisión. Este trabajo sostiene que estos elementos de intervención estaban presentes en las penas alternativas desde su inicio dentro del sistema del common law, el cual posteriormente fertilizó a las jurisdicciones del derecho civil, que contaban con penas alternativas sin supervisión. Para hacerlo, se estudia el origen y la evolución de las penas alternativas en ambos grupos de jurisdicciones. También se tiene en cuenta la introducción de la supervisión en el sistema del derecho civil en la década de 1960 y un segundo momento de fertilización o transferencia en la década de 1990, recurriendo a los procesos jurídicos y culturales más amplios para explicar estas evoluciones y las principales resistencias ante estos cambios. Finalmente, se hace especial referencia al rol de las instituciones europeas en la homogeneización de los sistemas penales europeos.
La dignidad en función del sujeto. Tres posibles sentidos para un control de convencionalidad
Authors: Lell Helga María
Published: December 2021

Este trabajo expone tres categorías de uso de la noción de dignidad en función del sujeto: como estatus institucional, como nota propia del ser humano y como caracterización de otros elementos. En cada uno de los tipos, en primer lugar, se realiza una explicación teórica que, si bien es breve, pretende introducir algunas características sobre el respectivo sentido. En segundo término, se describe cómo la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos ha utilizado el término «dignidad» en el respectivo sentido; es decir, se incluye una revisión de la casuística. Finalmente, se comentan algunas reflexiones. La metodología ha sido analítica respecto al uso del concepto y parte de un análisis de los casos contenciosos y las opiniones consultivas del órgano mencionado.
Molecular Diagnostic Strategies for the Detection of Toxicological Changes in Animals: A Review
Authors: Khandelwal V. , Sharma T. , Gupta S. , Singh S.V.
Published: December 2021

Rapid industrialization and successful green revolution have introduced a wide array of chemicals into our environment; some of these chemicals entered in ecosystem; gets accumulated and exert serious health and ecological problems. These toxic substances can enter the food chain and emphasize pathological changes which damage either cell, organ or system (circulatory, immune, respiratory, digestive, nervous, reproductive and musculo-skeletal etc.) by altering structure and/or function of biological components; DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. This review article provides certain molecular diagnostic techniques used for their robust and accurate detection at molecular level. Investigations conducted during 2020-2021 where various review and research articles were surveyed and then extracted to enlist congestive datum for rapid detection of toxicological changes in animals. In our investigations we concluded that toxic substances present in our environment affects health of animals by altering structure and functioning of biomolecules and their concerned system. These cytological and systemic changes can be detected with the help of molecular diagnostic techniques including dideoxysequencing, pyrosequencing, allele specific RT-PCR, CRISPER/Cas, genotyping and microarrays etc. present collection of data will provide congestive information for rapid toxicological detection at molecular level.
Comprehensive Clinical Assessment, Radiological and Ultrasound Evaluation of Recumbent Cows with Abdominal Dysfunction
Authors: Sivaraman S. , Vijayakumar G. , Balasubramaniam G.A. , Dharmaceelan S. , Selvaraj P.
Published: December 2021

Background: Our study aimed clinical evaluation of recumbent cows with abdominal dysfunction in and around Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu, India. Methods: A total of 132 recumbent cattle brought to Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal were subjected to detailed clinical examination, radiography and ultrasonography. Result: The various abdominal dysfunctions noticed in recumbent cows in the present study were peritonitis, reticular disorders, ileus, rumen impaction and rumen lactacidosis. Ultrasound imaging is complementary to clinical evaluation to identify the etiology of recumbent cows with abdominal dysfunctions.
Under Rainfed Effect of Foxtail Millet [Setaria italica (L.) beauv] Germplasms Evaluation on Genotypic Variance, Correlation and Path Analysis
Authors: Singh Divya , Marker Shailesh , Suresh B.G. , Lawrence Kapil
Published: December 2021

Background: Setaria italica is an essential crop in the developing world and yield levels are low. To improve the yield, the utilization of diverse germplasm in a breeding program is vital. Methods: The present study aimed to characterize 50 genotypes in the first year and out of 50, 10 genotypes in the second year using multivariant traits. Wide variation was observed in both the qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Analysis of variance revealed the presence of significant differences for most symptoms. Higher estimates of GCV were followed for grain yields, followed by panicle lengths and organic outcomes. Higher estimates of PCV were observed for plant height and leaf length, followed by leaf width. Low GCV and PCV were recorded as leaf length, 50% flowering in days. PCV study indicated direct selection based on characters, panicle weight, test weight and strawweight showed a high and positive effect on grain yield per plant in both rainy and summer season indicating the proper relationship between these characters with grain yield per plant, which helps indirect selection for these traits thus in improving the grain yield per plant. Variability in foxtail millet germplasm allows plant breeders to effectively select specific donor lines for genetic improvement of foxtail millet. Result: Best 5 genotypes were found to be: Kangni-7 greater than Kangni-1 greater than Kangni-6 greater than Kangni-5 greater than Kangni-4.
The recirculated aquaculture system (RAS) development with nanobubble application to improve growth performance of grouper fish fry culture
Authors: Hanif Iik Muslihul , Effendi Irzal , Budiardi Tatag , Diatin Iis
Published: December 2021

One of the aquaculture commodities with high economic value is grouper fish (Epinephelus sp.). RAS is known as one of superior and suitable aquaculture systems in juvenile fish culture. RAS installed with NBs is expected to increase the stocking density and production of hybrid brown-marbled grouper. This study aimed to analyze the system performance of grouper fish juvenile culture in high stocking density with water exchange system, RAS, and combination of RAS and NBs. This study used a factorial design with two factors, namely different stocking densities and cultivation systems. The densities were 500, 600 and 700 fish/m3, while the treatment systems were RAS without NBs, RAS installed with NBs, and control treatment with 200% water change. Each treatment was replicated three times. The total aquaria used for this study were 27 as each size was 1.5 m × 0.5 m × 0.5 m. The study results showed that the RAS installed with NBs and a stocking density of 600 fish/m2 showed the best results on fish production performance.
Keywords: density, growth, grouper, nanobubble, RAS
 
 
ABSTRAK
 
Pendederan ikan kerapu meripakan salah satu segmen dalam usaha budidaya ikan kerapu (Epinephelus sp.).  Salah satu sistem akuakultur yang cocok yang dapat digunakan dalam pendederan ikan kerapu ini adalah sistem recirculated aquaculture system (RAS). RAS dengan instalasi nanobubble (NBs) ini diharapkan bisa meningkatkan padat tebar dan kinerja produksi benih ikan kerapu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja sistem pendederan ikan kerapu dengan padat tebar tinggi berbasis sistem pergantian air, RAS, dan perpaduan antara RAS dan NBs. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah faktorial dengan dua faktor, yaitu padat tebar dan sistem budidaya berbeda. Padat tebar yang digunakan adalah 500, 600, dan 700 ekor/m3, sedangkan sistem budidaya terdiri dari RAS tanpa NBs, RAS dengan NBs dan kontrol (sistem pergantian air 200%), setiap perlakuan terdiri dari atas tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendederan menggunakan RAS dengan NBs dengan padat tebar 600 ekor/m2 menunjukkan kinerja produksi ikan kerapu yang terbaik.
 
Kata kunci: ikan kerapu, kepadatan, nanobubble, pertumbuhan, RAS
Therapeutic Effects of Medicinal Plants on Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Refiani Efa , Maliza Rita , Fitri Husna , Lestari Putri
Published: December 2021

Diabetic Foot Pain and Ulcers is one of the complications diseases caused by Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Based on data from the Ministry of Health in 2014, diabetic foot ulcers in Indonesia 54%. Diabetic foot ulcer disease can cause infection and tissue death. Treatment of diabetic foot ulcers has been treated with ointments or gels containing antimicrobials, biomaterials, and active compounds, accelerating the wound healing process. The active compounds from medicinal plants that play a role in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers have been widely reported. The purpose of writing this article is to look at the therapeutic effects of active compounds that play a role in wound healing. In this systematic review, we searched the PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases to identify primer articles that were published from 2010 to 2020. Ten studies were selected and published between 2015-2020. Furthermore, the plant species used for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers contain active phenolic, gallic acid, flavonoids, gallic acid, flavonoids, and tannins compounds that play a role in the acceleration of the healing process of diabetic foot ulcers.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, diabetic foot ulcers, the active compound, medicinal plants
Pengaruh Grit terhadap Self-Determination pada Atlet yang Memutuskan Kembali Pasca Cedera Berat
Authors: Hidayat Azzah Ambarani , Kurniawan Afif
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji apakah terdapat pengaruh grit terhadap self-determination pada atlet yang memutuskan kembali pasca mengalami cedera berat. Self-Determination Theory memaparkan perkembangan kebutuhan dasar psikologis individu yang sifatnya melekat (inherent) dan dibawa sejak lahir (innate) sebagai faktor motivasi pada perilaku individu. Sedangkan grit mengukur ketertarikan seseorang apakah ia mampu fokus dan bertahan terhadap suatu bidang atau sering berganti-ganti ketertarikan pada suatu bidang tertentu. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini merupakan atlet yang memutuskan kembali pasca cedera berat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan kuantitatif eksplanatori. Pengambilan data diambil menggunakan survei google form dan mendapatkan 72 responden. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan pada grit terhadap self-determination atlet yang memutuskan kembali pasca cedera berat.
Evaluasi Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Sepsis Neonatus di Rumah Sakit X Purwakarta
Authors: Hendiyani Rani , Arozal Wawaimuli , Ramadaniati Hesty Utami
Published: December 2021

Pendahuluan: Angka morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi pada neonatus disebabkan oleh sepsis. Bakteri sebagai salah satu penyebabnya sehingga antibiotik menjadi salah satu terapi empiris. Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak rasional dapat menyebabkan bakteri menjadi resisten sehingga tujuan terapi tidak optimal. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi antibiotik yang digunakan oleh pasien sepsis neonatus baik dilihat dari kualitas (metode Gyssens) maupun kuantitas (metode Defined Daily Dose) serta untuk mengetahui hubungan antara rasionalitas obat dengan lama rawat menggunakan uji korelasi Rank Spearman. Metode: Penelitian observasional berdesain potong lintang yang di analisis secara deskriptif analitik. Pengumpulan data pasien secara Prospektif dari bulan Mei - Juli 2019 diperoleh 69 rekam medis yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil: Dari hasil evaluasi kualitas antibiotik diperoleh penggunaan antibiotik tepat sebanyak 26 pasien (37,7%) dan tidak tepat sebanyak 43 pasien meliputi 56,5%  dosis pemberian antibiotik tidak tepat, 4,3% karena terdapat antibiotik lain yang lebih efektif dan 1,4% adanya pemberian antibiotik terlalu lama sedangkan kuantitas penggunaan antibiotik diperoleh total 12,9 DDD/100 pasien-hari meliputi Ampisilin-sulbaktam 3,25 DDD/100 pasien-hari, Sefoperazone-sulbaktam 4 DDD/100 pasien-hari, Meropenem 2,42 DDD/100 pasien-hari sedangkan nilai DDD yang melebihi nilai standar WHO yaitu Gentamisin 1,94 DDD/100 pasien-hari dan Amikasin 12,9 DDD/100 pasien-hari meliputi Ampicilin-Sulbaktam (3,25), Cefoperazone Sulbaktam (4), Meropenem (2,42) sedangkan nilai DDD yang melebihi nilai standar WHO yaitu gentamicin (1,94) dan Amikasin (1,29). Hasil korelasi diperoleh nilai r = 0,223 (P ≥ 0,05) yang artinya korelasi rendah bahwa tidak menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara rasional obat dengan lama rawat. Kesimpulannya: Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat masih ada dengan kuantitas melebihi standar WHO.
Literature Review: Paparan Jangka Panjang PM2.5 Berisiko Meningkatkan Kematian Akibat COVID-19
Authors: Rahmawati Tri Meidya , Yudhastuti Ririh
Published: December 2021

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Jumlah kasus terhitung hingga 5 Mei 2021 terdapat 154.815.600 kasus yang terkonfirmasi COVID-19, termasuk 3.236.104 kematian dari seluruh dunia. PM2.5 diduga sebagai salah satu media yang dapat meningkatkan kasus kematian akibat COVID-19. Tujuan: Studi pustaka ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis paparan jangka panjang PM2.5 dalam meningkatkan risiko kematian akibat COVID-19.Metode: Menggunakan metode literature review dengan pencarian artikel penelitian yang relevan sesuai dengan variable dan tujuan dalam penulisan. Hasil:PM2.5 diindikasi menyumbangkan jumlah kasus kesakitan dan kematian pada kasus COVID-19. PM2.5 yang memiliki ukuran kecil berdiameter ≤2.5µm dan dapat menyerap racun, dapat masuk ke dalam paru-paru bagian dalam hingga menyebabkan berbagai penyakit pernapasan hingga kematian. Beberapa penelitian menemukan bahwa terdapat hubungan berbanding lurus antara peningkatan PM2.5 dan peningkatan kasus kematian COVID-19.Kesimpulan: PM2.5 memiliki andil dalam meningkatkan risiko kematian akibat COVID-19, karena konsentrasi PM2.5 yang diatas nilai ambang batas dapat menyebabkan berbagai penyakit pernapasan terhadap orang-orang yang sering terpapar PM2.5 dalam jangka waktu yang lama sehingga dapat memiliki penyakit kronis dan dapat menyebabkan imunitas menurun. Jika dikaitkan dengan COVID-19, pasien COVID-19 yang memiliki riwayat penyakit kronis akan memiliki risiko kematian yang lebih tinggi. Kata kunci: COVID-19, kasus kematian, pandemi, PM2.5
Formalização e axiomatização de provas ontológicas
Authors: Da Silva Vinícius Carvalho
Published: December 2021

Kurt Gödel foi um dos maiores matemáticos do século XX, com contribuições para a lógica e também para o campo da cosmologia à partir da elaboração de soluções para as equações de Einstein. Como filósofo, Gödel dedicou-se à lógica e aplicou-se à axiomatização não formal de uma prova ontológica. Benzmüller e Woltzenlogel Paleo desenvolveram, por meios computacionais, uma formalização do sistema axiomático gödeliano. O trabalho pode abrir novas perspectivas para a aplicação de técnicas das ciências da computação no campo da lógica matemática, suscitar questões epistemológicas importantes, além de ser historicamente relevante por colocar em destaque um trabalho não publicado de Gödel. Apresentamos a tradução do trabalho de Benzmüller e Woltzenlogel Paleo, antecedida por um artigo com considerações gerais sobre diferentes provas ontológicas, cosmológicas e físico-teleológicas.
Leyes, modelos y teorías en biología
Authors: Lorenzano Pablo
Published: December 2021

Tres conceptos metacientíficos objeto de análisis filosófico son los de ley, modelo y teoría. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar la elucidación de estos conceptos, y de sus relaciones, hecha dentro del marco del Estructuralismo Metateórico o Sneediano (BALZER; MOULINES & SNEED, 1987), y de su aplicación a un caso del ámbito de la Biología: la Genética Clásica. El análisis realizado posibilitará fundamentar, en contra de lo que sostienen algunos filósofos de la ciencia en general y de la biología en particular, las siguientes afirmaciones: a) que hay “leyes” en las ciencias biológicas, b) que muchos de los heterogéneos y distintos “modelos” de la Biología pueden ser acomodados bajo alguna “teoría”, y c) que justamente esto es lo que les confiere a las teorías biológicas su gran poder unificador.
Lingüística chomskyana: el conocimiento sobre nominales en ‘principios y parámetros’
Authors: Parera Griselda Sofía
Published: December 2021

El presente trabajo tiene como marco de análisis general a la teoría chomskyana conocida como ‘Principios y Parámetros’. En particular, se estudia una parcela de esta, la denominada ‘Ligamiento’. En primer lugar, se hace una presentación de los aspectos generales de la teoría, atendiendo particularmente al enfoque internalista que esta adopta, y de acuerdo con el cual se buscan caracterizar los aspectos mentales y constitutivos de la Facultad del Lenguaje. Para ello, se pone especial atención a las afirmaciones del autor, por lo que la presentación tiene un fuerte carácter textual. Dicha presentación posibilita identificar la estrategia que se persigue a los fines de dar cuenta del fenómeno del lenguaje y, por tanto, a la relación que se establece entre el explanandum y el explanans. A fin de encuadrar el objetivo explicativo de la teoría, se recurre a la propuesta de niveles de explicación de Marr. Posteriormente, se enmarcan los límites de la parcela Ligamiento, tras lo cual se ofrece una reconstrucción formal, la que se elabora desde la perspectiva de la Metateoría Estructuralista. Para ello, se hace una previa y detenida presentación de los datos lingüísticos, los que a modo de ejemplos paradigmáticos ilustran el tipo de fenómeno del lenguaje al que Ligamiento se aplica. Con ello se llega a una caracterización informal de las afirmaciones de Ligamiento. Finalmente, se ofrece la reconstrucción formal.
É possível fazer física sem filosofar?
Authors: Da Silva Vinícius Carvalho
Published: December 2021

Neste ensaio apresentaremos uma visão sobre o campo da filosofia da física e suas principais linhas de pesquisa. Questionamos em que medida é possível fazer física sem filosofar. Nossa ideia é a de que a história da física revela que em todos os tempos, os grandes acontecimentos no interior do campo foram protagonizados por cientistas que não dissociavam a atividade física da filosófica, considerando a análise filosófica como um pressuposto epistêmico da produção do conhecimento científico. O texto, na forma de ensaio, assume uma narrativa compatível com o gênero, menos formal e mais livre.
The 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda
Authors: Pulla Venkat Rao , Kalinganire Charles
Published: December 2021

This study, written collaboratively with a native Rwandan author, briefly recalls the historical reality from a Rwandan perspective and addresses the consequences of the Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda. Furthermore, the way the Western world was a passive spectator to the economic, political and social pillage and Genocide that occurred in the last part of the 20th Century, that was, in 1994, is discussed.  How is reconciliation fostered in the communities across Rwanda? In particular, the sites and communities where massacres were held?  Strong community ties and community being central to social work practice is observed in most East African countries, with no exception to Rwanda. While social work pedagogy is something new and possibly introduced by Western idiom, the tradition of welfare and mutual caring (would have been/ has been part) of the Kinyarwanda culture, language, and manner of living. What factors have worked for reconciliation, reconstruction of the society?  How were people made to understand violence, and what did they replace it with?    How is the post-genocide moral narrative shaped?  The traditional indigenous processes that have been utilised, including the Gacaca, unique court process, are briefly discussed. How do people implant hate into people? By the same token, how do people put peace and love into people? These are a few questions that were central to this study throughout.
Fan-shaped Spectrums of Species and Paleopolyploidy for Foundation of Crossbreeding Evolution
Authors: Liu Li-Yuan
Published: December 2021

Although Darwin‘s evolutionary mutation theory has been widely accepted, many endeavors tried to challenge it. With more and more observation of successful hybridization and hybrids, the sexual isolation between species has become vague. The mechanism of evolution has been expanded from the classical model of evolution to multiple routes of speciation. Furthermore, a fundamental crossbreeding theory has been raised and proved by two lines of evidences: paleopolyploidy and fan-shaped spectrum of species. Ancient genome duplications are widespread throughout eukaryotic lineages, particularly in plants. The genome polyploidization can break through the sexual incompatibility between diploid counterparts to hybridize and produce new species. By comparing characteristics, all species in every taxon, both in the extinct fossil and extant organisms, can be arranged into fan-shaped spectrum according to their similarity: left primitive type-middle advanced type-right primitive type. The species are primitive at the two ends and advanced at the middle. The primitive two species always resemble two types of more primitive species that can be confirmed as their ancestors respectively, and the middle species is half similar to the two ancestors respectively. These suggest that the species in the spectrum come from two different ancestors by crossbreeding and gene combination. As a sum, advanced species originated from crossbreeding of two primitive ancestors, by major method of polyploidization, and proved by results of fan-shaped spectrum of species. Then, sex is the cause, force and opportunity for evolution.
Museums and Digital Culture: From Reality to Digitality in the Age of Covid-19
Authors: Giannini Tula , Bowen Jonathan P.
Published: December 2021

Museums increasingly recognize the need to address advances in digital culture which impact the expectations and needs of their audiences. Museum collections of real objects need to be presented both on their own premises and digitally online, especially as social media becomes more and more influential in people’s everyday lives. We investigate these challenges magnified by advances in digital and computational media and culture looking particularly at recent and relevant reports on changes in the ways museums interact with the public. We find that the Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated many of the changes driving museum transformation. We believe that museums must be more prepared than ever to adapt to unabated technological advances set in the midst of cultural and social revolution, now intrinsic to the digital landscape in which museums are inevitably connected and participating across the global digital ecosystem where they inevitably find themselves entrenched.
La enfermedad que pervive: reescritura del mito de la Tierra Baldía en «Machines Like Me» de Ian McEwan
Authors: Botero Camacho Manuel , San Román Cazorla Julio
Published: December 2021

En las letras inglesas, el mito de la Tierra Baldía, célebre sobre todo por su inscripción en las narrativas del ciclo artúrico, se convirtió en un claro ejemplo de mito con un gran peso moral. Y, como todo mito, la Tierra Baldía ha evolucionado y el Grial, que la restituiría en paraíso, ha abandona la función curativa y se convierte en un imposible. En Machines Like Me (2019), Charlie hace frente a la adopción de un androide, Adam, que desde el comienzo se definirá como «el Grial de la Ciencia» y que, poco a poco, adquirirá un comportamiento más humano que el de su padre adoptivo. Las frustraciones de Charlie y la consecuente devastación de su vida personal, con Adam como eje motor, le embarcarán en la búsqueda de su propio paraíso en una Tierra Baldía asolada por la guerra de las Malvinas, donde Reino Unido será derrotado.
La senectud poética de Concha Lagos, María Victoria Atencia y Julia Uceda a la luz de la existencia
Authors: Palomo Ortega Ana
Published: December 2021

Este trabajo de investigación se centra en el análisis conjunto de motivos religiosos y filosóficos en las últimas obras de tres poetas del medio siglo: Concha Lagos, María Victoria Atencia y Julia Uceda. En el cuerpo argumental se analizarán los principales asuntos poéticos relacionados con el ser, la existencia y el estar en el mundo de estas tres poetas a partir del estudio de Últimas canciones (1996) de Concha Lagos, El umbral (2011) de María Victoria Atencia y Escritos en la corteza de los árboles (2013) de Julia Uceda, a fin de corroborar que sus poéticas tienen como base unos fuertes cimientos existencialistas y que entre las tres autoras hay conexiones que se prueban a través de los textos.
Glosas, recortes y andamiajes en la traducción poética: «The Bounty» (Derek Walcott) en español
Authors: Riesco Chueca Pascual
Published: December 2021

Un poema es un artefacto precario, sujeto por los automatismos de la lengua en que fue creado. A la luz de un libro de Walcott, traducido al español por Talens y Forés, se distinguen dos opciones para reactivar los mecanismos del texto original en la lengua de destino. Una vía recurre a la poda, el hipérbaton y la libre selección léxica, en aras a evitar que el texto traducido estire sus versos más allá de la métrica original. Otra opción intenta preservar los contenidos y matices del texto fuente, aunque para ello sea preciso incluir sutiles glosas, parafraseando y ampliando enclaves donde la comprensión lectora puede ofuscarse. En la presente traducción, predomina la opción segunda, sin que escaseen rasgos de la primera.
El arte de los ludópathos postchiripitifláuticos
Authors: Gutiérrez Valencia Cristina
Published: December 2021

Análisis e interpretación de la novela-artilugio Borges en Estocolmo, de Sonia Dalton, publicada por la editorial De Conatus.
A Qualitative 5-Country Comparison of the Perceived Impacts of COVID-19 on People Living with Dementia and Unpaid Carers
Authors: Giebel Clarissa , Lion Katarzyna , Mackowiak Maria , Chattat Rabih , Kumar PN Suresh , Cations Monica , Gabbay Mark , Moyle Wendy , Ottoboni Giovanni , Rymaszewska Joanna , Senczyszyn Adrianna , Szczesniak Dorota , Tetlow Hilary , Trypka Elzbieta , Valente Marco , Chirico Ilaria
Published: December 2021

Background
Emerging evidence shows an impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people living with dementia and informal carers, without any evidence-based global comparison to date. The aim of this international study was to explore and compare the perceived impact of COVID-19 and associated public health restrictions on the lives of people living with dementia and informal carers and access to dementia care across five countries.
Methods
Informal carers and people living with dementia who were residing in the community in the UK, Australia, Italy, India, and Poland were interviewed remotely between April and December 2020. Participants were asked about their experiences of the pandemic and how restrictions have impacted on their lives and care. Transcripts were analysed by researchers in each country using inductive thematic analysis.
Results
Fifteen people living with dementia and 111 informal carers participated across the five countries. Four themes emerged: (1) Limited access and support; (2) Technology and issues accessing remote support; (3) Emotional impact; and (4) Decline of cognitive and physical health reported by carers. Whilst variations were noted, the pandemic has indirectly affected people with dementia and carers across all five countries. The pandemic removed access to social support services and thus increased carer burden. Remote services were not always provided and were very limited in benefit and usability for those with dementia. As a result, carers appeared to notice reduced cognitive and physical health in people with dementia. Particular differences were noted between India and Poland vs. the UK, Italy, and Australia, with less impact on care provision in the former due to limited uptake of support services pre-pandemic based on cultural settings.
Conclusions
The pandemic has amplified dementia as a global public health problem, and people affected by the condition need support to better access vital support services to live well.
Dietary Patterns of Persons with Chronic Conditions in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population
Authors: Brian Tan Yeow Wee , Hua Lau Jue , AshaRani PV , Roystonn Kumarasan , Devi Fiona , Ying Lee Ying , Whitton Clare , Wang Peizhi , Shafie Saleha , Chang Sherilyn , Jeyagurunathan Anitha , Yiang Chua Boon , Abdin Edimansyah , Sum Chee Fang , Lee Eng Sing , Subramaniam Mythily
Published: December 2021

Background: Chronic conditions are a leading cause of death and disability worldwide and respective data on dietary patterns remain scant. The present study aimed to investigate dietary patterns and identify sociodemographic factors associated with Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) scores within a multi-ethnic population with various chronic conditions. Method: The present study utilised data from the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on diabetes study in Singapore – a nationwide survey conducted to track the knowledge, attitudes, and practices pertaining to diabetes. The study analysed data collected from a sample of 2,895 Singapore residents, with information from the sociodemographic section, DASH diet screener, and the modified version of the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) version 3.0 checklist of chronic medical conditions.Results: Respondents with no chronic condition had a mean DASH score of 18.5 (±4.6), those with one chronic condition had a mean DASH score of 19.2 (±4.8), and those with two or more chronic conditions had a mean DASH score of 19.8 (±5.2). Overall, the older age groups [35– 49 years (B = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.23 – 2.33, p <0.001), 50–64 years (B = 2.86, 95% CI: 22.24 – 3.47, p <0.001) and 65 years and above (B = 3.45, 95% CI: 2.73 – 4.17, p <0.001)], Indians (B = 2.54, 95% CI: 2.09 – 2.98, p <0.001) reported better diet quality, while males (B = -1.50, 95% CI: -1.87 – -1.14, p <0.001) reported poorer diet quality versus females. Conclusion: Overall, respondents with two or more chronic conditions reported better quality of diet while the sociodemographic factors of age, gender and ethnicity demonstrated a consistent pattern in correlating with diet quality, consistent with the extant literature. Results provide further insights for policymakers to refine ongoing efforts in relation to healthy dietary practices for Singapore.
Does Altruism Affect Participation in Cancer Research? A Systematic Review
Authors: Heo Danny HJ , Rodriguez M. Juanita , McNichol Megan , Moser A. James
Published: December 2021

Background: The impact of altruism on enrollment and longitudinal follow-up among cancer patients participating in clinical research studies remains poorly understood. This systematic review assesses published data reporting altruism as a motivator in cancer research and derives objective definitions of the four subtypes of altruism to permit future investigation in prospective therapeutic and non-therapeutic studies.Method: A qualitative systematic review of altruism and cancer was conducted according PRISMA after a literature search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and PsychINFO databases. Study aims, methodology, outcomes, and conclusions were extracted to perform qualitative analysis of altruistic motivations among cancer research participants. Quality and risk of bias were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal tool for Systematic Reviews Checklist for Qualitative Research. Results: Of 78 full-text manuscripts, fourteen met eligibility criteria for analysis, all of which used semi-structured interviews or questionnaires to study subsets of cancer patients participating in therapeutic clinical trials or non-therapeutic biobanking. Four distinct subtypes of altruism were demonstrated and defined according to an association map having the following four domains: personal benefit, benefit to family (kinship), benefit to others, and social exchange. Conclusion: Different types of altruism among cancer patients were observed both in therapeutic and non-therapeutic studies. Altruism remains as an underrecognized factor that affects clinical research studies.
Circulating Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor as a potential biomarker in stroke: a Systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Mojtabavi Helia , Shaka Zoha , Momtazmanesh Sara , Ajdari Atra , Rezaei Nima
Published: December 2021

Background
Stroke, an acute cerebrovascular event, is a leading cause of disability, placing a significant psycho-socioeconomic burden worldwide. Neuroplasticity is adaptation and reorganization following neuronal damage. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin coordinating neuroplasticity after various neurological disorders such as stroke.
Methods
We conducted a systematic search in the main electronic medical databases through January 2021 and identified studies that measured blood levels of BDNF in patients with stroke. The primary aim was to compare BDNF levels between patients with stroke and healthy controls (HC). The secondary aims included investigation of (1) longitudinal changes in the BDNF levels post-stroke, (2) effects of physical training, (3) repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), and presence of depression on BDNF levels in patients with stroke.
Results
Among 6243 reviewed records from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, 62 studies were eligible for inclusion. Subjects with stroke, n = 1856, showed lower BDNF levels compared to HC, n=1191 (SMD [95%CI] = -1.04 [-1.49 to -0.58]). No significant difference was detected in the level of BDNF through time points past stroke. BDNF levels were lower in the patients with depression compared to non-depressed subjects (SMD [95%CI] = -0.60 [-1.10 to -0.10]). Physical training had an immediate positive effect on the BDNF levels and not statistically significant effect in the long term; SMD [95%CI] = 0.49 [0.09 to 0.88]) and SMD [95%CI] = 0.02 [-0.43 to 0.47]). Lastly, rTMS showed no effect on the level of BDNF with 0.00 SMD.
Conclusions
This study confirms that stroke significantly affects the level of BDNF in various domains such as cognition, affect, and motor function. We believe that BDNF could be regarded as a valuable diagnostic biomarker for acute stroke and a potential prognostic biomarker for depression and cognitive deficits.
A tonoplast-localized magnesium transporter is involved in stomatal opening in Arabidopsis
Authors: Inoue Shin-ichiro , Hayashi Maki , Huang Sheng , Yokosho Kengo , Gotoh Eiji , Ikematsu Shuka , Okumura Masaki , Suzuki Takamasa , Kamura Takumi , Kinoshita Toshinori , Ma Jian Feng
Published: December 2021

Plant stomata play an important role in CO2 uptake for photosynthesis and transpiration, but the mechanisms underlying stomatal opening and closing are still not completely understood. Here, through large-scale screening, we identified an Arabidopsis mutant (cst2 for closed stomata2) defective in stomatal opening under light condition. A map-based cloning combined with complementation test revealed that the mutant phenotype was caused by a nucleotide substitution of a gene, which domains show similarity to human Mg efflux transporter ACDP/CNNM. Functional analysis showed that CST2 encodes a tonoplast-localized transporter for Mg. This protein is constitutively and highly expressed in the guard cells. Furthermore, CST2 is phosphorylated by calcineurin B-like protein (CBL)-interacting protein kinases 26 (CIPK26) in vitro, which is probably required for its activation. Knockout of this gene resulted in stomatal closing and growth retardation under high Mg concentration conditions, while over-expression of this gene increased tolerance to high Mg. Our results indicate that CST2 plays an important role in maintaining Mg homeostasis in plant cells through sequestering Mg into vacuoles especially in guard cells and that this homeostasis is required for stomatal opening, which provide a novel insight into mechanism of stomatal opening in plants.
Management of Solid Waste Marble Powder: Improving Quality of Sodium Chloride Obtained From Sulphate Rich Lake/Subsoil Brines With Simultaneous Recovery of High Purity Gypsum and Light Basic Magnesium Carbonate
Authors: Sanghavi Rahul J. , Upadhyay Sumesh C. , Kumar Arvind
Published: December 2021

Marble industry worldwide produces large amount of non-degradable marble dust powder (MDP) waste during mining and processing stages. MDP mainly comprises of CaCO3 with small amounts of Mg, Fe or Si in various forms. In India, mainly in Rajasthan state, marble is quarried in huge amounts and MDP thus produced is collected improperly and dumped at any abandoned land or identified disposal sites leading to several environment hazards. On the other hand, the composition of sub soil/lake brines of Rajasthan is typical in nature as it does not have much Ca2+ and Mg2+ impurities but contains higher levels of SO42-. Therefore, the common salt (NaCl) produced from such brines is contaminated with Na2SO4 (8-30 wt%) depending upon SO42- concentration in the brine. Such a salt produced is neither suitable for edible purpose nor for industrial usage. Herein, we have reacted MDP with HCl, and the resulting solution (CaCl2 and MgCl2 slurry) is used in stoichiometric ratio of Ca2+ to SO42- in brines to produce high purity NaCl and gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) via fractional crystallization. Remaining magnesium containing solution was reacted with Na2CO3 to prepare high purity light basic magnesium carbonate hydrate. Purity of crystallized NaCl, CaSO4·2H2O and MgCO3·6H2O has been ascertained through analytical and spectral methods (TGA, FTIR, P-XRD). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was used to elucidate morphology of crystals. The method reported for improving purity of NaCl along with CaSO4·2H2O and MgCO3·6H2O production from sulphate rich brines is simple and economic, and allow management of MDP generated in huge amounts, which poses problems of disposal and creates environment hazards.
Nanoreceptors promote mutant p53 protein degradation by mimicking selective autophagy receptors
Authors: Wen Long-ping , Huang Xiaowan , Cao Ziyang , Ding Tao , Qian Jieying , Zhang Hao , Zhong Suqin , Wang Xiaoli , Yao Guangyu , Yang Xian-Zhu , Zhang Yunjiao
Published: December 2021

More than half of human malignant tumors harbor TP53 gene mutations, most of which are point mutations within the DNA-binding domain of TP53, resulting in mutant p53 (mutp53) protein stabilization and accumulation in the cell and enhanced tumor progression. Depletion of mutp53 through the autophagy or proteasome pathway is considered the most direct strategy to target mutp53 for tumor treatment. However, due to the lack of specific autophagy receptors and the insufficient level of autophagy in tumor cells, targeted degradation of mutp53 by nanomaterials via the autophagy pathway has not been reported. Here, we propose a type of "nanoreceptors" (denoted NRs) that mimics selective autophagy receptors and develop a new platform for targeted degradation of mutp53. The NRs specifically bind mutp53 in tumor cells via mutp53-binding peptide (MBP). In addition, the level of cell autophagy is greatly increased due to the incorporated of cationic lipid. As a result, the NRs effectively degrade mutp53 through the autophagy pathway with complete autophagic flux. The knockout of ATG5, an essential autophagy-related gene, significantly inhibited the NRs-induced degradation of mutp53, demonstrating the critical role of autophagy in this effect. Subsequently, the degradation of mutp53 by the NRs abrogated mutp53-conferred gain-of-function (GOF) phenotypes, including enhanced cell proliferation and cell migration and reduced sensitivity to cisplatin (CDDP). Last, Pt(IV)-loaded NRs (NRs/Pt, consisting of Pt(IV) prodrug encapsulated in the NRs) showed outstanding synergistic antitumor effects in an ES-2 ovarian cancer model and a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) ovarian cancer model. Collectively, our study suggests the use of NRs/Pt as a new biomimetic nanoplatform for regulating autophagy, providing new ideas for precise tumor treatments that target mutp53.
Impact of HIV-Associated Cognitive Impairment/Functioning On Functional Independence, Frailty And Quality of Life In The Modern Era: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nweke Martins , Nombeko Mshunqane , Govender Nalini , Akinpelu Aderonke O. , Ukwuoma Maryjane
Published: December 2021

Background: HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is an important sequela of HIV infection. Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has improved the health outcomes of many people living with HIV but has given rise to a less severe but limiting form of HAND. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of HAND on medication adherence, activities of daily living (ADL), quality of life and frailty.Methods: This systematic review adheres to the guidelines for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, and PsycINFO online databases. Studies were included if they examined the relationship between HAND and medication adherence, ADL, quality of life and frailty, and were conducted between 1997 and 2021. We used a random-effects meta-analysis model to assess the impact of HAND on outcome variables.Results: Forty papers, totalling 11540 participants, were included in the narrative and quantitative syntheses. Forty papers were included in the narrative and quantitative syntheses. The 40 studies provided data for 11540 participants. Cognitive impairment was associated with poorer medication adherence (r=0.601, CI 0.338 to 0.776, p =0.001, I2= 94.66). Cognitive impairment did not influence ADL (r=0.167, CI-0.215 to 0.505, p= 0.393) and quality of life (r= 0.244, CI 0.117 to 0.548, p =0.182).Conclusions: In the cART era, HAND appears to be associated with adherence to medication, which may influence future health outcomes. In PLWHIV who are adherent to ART, cognitive impairment does not appear to interfere with ADL and quality of life. Registration: PROSPERO- CRD42021240726.
IVF and Early Pregnancy Outcome in Recent COVID 19 Recoverees.
Authors: Yossef Kabalkin B. , Bentov Yaakov , Gil Moran , Beharier Ofer , Jaber Sireen , Moav Arbel , Khwies Dua' , Ben-Meir Assaf , Broder Efrat Esh , Walfisch Asnat , Holzer Hananel , Hershko Anat
Published: December 2021

Background: COVID-19 global pandemic has affected more than 250 million people so far. Data regarding potential effects on reproduction are still limited. Our aim was to examine the effect of COVID-19 on post exposure IVF cycle parameters and obstetric outcomes of IVF-achieved pregnancies.The study contained two arms: a retrospective arm comparing IVF outcome parameters among patients exposed to COVID-19 having an IVF cycle within 3 months of exposure. Post COVID-19 cycle parameters were compared to previous cycles of the same individual, performed within one year of exposure. If not available, parameters were compared to non-exposed matched patients. Sperm parameters were compared before and after exposure. The second arm was prospective comparing pregnancy outcomes among IVF patients who contracted COVID-19 during pregnancy, vs. those who did not. Results: The first arm included 120 cycle of which 60 were in exposed female patients and another 60 in either the same patients prior to exposure or matched non exposed patients. Generally, total FSH dose, cycle length, and ovarian response did not significantly differ across exposure groups: including peak serum estradiol, number of oocytes and endometrial thickness, fertilization rate and number of top-quality embryos, were similar between exposed and non-exposed cycles. In 11 of the cycles in which the female partner was exposed the male partner had been recently exposed as well. In these couples, sperm quality showed a significantly lower post-exposure concentration: 6.27million/ml vs. 16.5 (p= 0.008). Interviews conducted in 189 patients with IVF-achieved pregnancies: pregnancy loss was as well as other pregnancy related complications and hospital admissions did not differ between groups. Conclusion: IVF treatment parameters and IVF-achieved pregnancies appear to be unaffected by SARS-CoV-2 exposure and do not involve an excess risk. Sperm concentration seems to be compromised.
Oncological and Obstetric Results After Radical Trachelectomy as the Fertility-Sparing Therapy on Early-Stage (FIGO 2018 Stage IA2-IB3) Cervical Cancer Patients
Authors: Chen Tao , Li Jia , Zhu Yan , Lu AnWei , Zhou Li , Wang JianSan , Zhang Ying , Wang JunTao
Published: December 2021

Purpose To explore the oncological and obstetric results after radical trachelectomy in early-stage cervical cancer. Methods Retrospective analysis of the oncological and obstetric results to 23 patients with early cervical cancer (stage IA2-IB3; International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2018) accepting radical trachelectomy in The Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Guiyang from Oct 2004 to Sep 2018. Results Among those patients with tumor size＞4cm (up to 5cm) three patients who wished to preserve fertility accepted radical trachelectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. 23 patients had cervical tumors of the histological type squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). All of the patients retained reproductive function. The mean time of the follow-up was 112.87±55.75months(36-199months). The median tumor size was 2.00±1.35cm (invisible by eyes-5.00cm). No occurred recurrence in any of the cases. Pregnancy outcomes are described as follows: 17 cases attempted to pregnancy, in which 8 cases (47.06%) conceived 12 times. First-trimester abortion and voluntary abandonment of pregnancy occurred in 4 cases (33.33%) respectively, one among patients who choose to abandon pregnancy being induced at 24 weeks of gestation. Second-trimester abortion occurred in3 cases (25.0%), and the reason for abortion was chorioamnionitis. Premature delivery at 32 weeks occurred once (8.33%). Conclusion Radical trachelectomy is a safe and effective treatment for young women with early-stage cervical cancer. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and Radical trachelectomy provides the possibility of preserving pregnant ability for patients with cervical tumor＞4cm. However, it is worth further exploration.