bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unilateral coercive measures against Cuba, secondary sanctions and “crawling” extraterritorial jurisdiction
Authors: Mikhaliova Tatsiana N. , Frolova Evgenia E.
Published: March 2024

Is a retrospective review of the U.S. regulatory policy and sanctions imposed on Cuba, citizens and legal entities of this country, as well as against third countries and persons related to this state. The aim is to comprehensively understand the scope of such restrictive measures. The research provides a brief analysis of the impact of such measures on civil and business relations along with examples of secondary sanctions and the use of extraterritorial jurisdiction, which have a negative and long-term impact on the business partners in terms of excessive compliance with restrictions (overcompliance). The authors offer assessment of concepts of economic coercion, extraterritorial jurisdiction, as well as limits of responsibility of private and public actors for breach of legal obligations due to compliance with sanctions restrictions. Continuing the study of issues related to consequences of unlawful unilateral application of restrictive economic measures against a number of states by the U.S., the EU and imposition by countries of their jurisdiction on the parties of a dispute, including those complicated by a foreign element, in the process of dispute resolution , raised by authors' colleagues on scientific research in their published scientific articles (Tsepova E.A. Unprecedented law: Protecting the Russian financial system against the impact of sanctions. RUDN Journal of Law . 2022. Vol. 26. No. 3, 655-677; Ermakova E.P. When the “pro-arbitration” policy of the United States becomes aggressive . Eurasian Law Journal . 2023. No. 5 (180), 77-80; Rusakova E.P., Frolova E.E. Digital disputes in the new legal reality. RUDN Journal of Law. 2022. Vol. 26, No. 3, 695-704), the authors come to the conclusion that it is necessary to develop obligations directly as the duty of businesses to comply with universally recognized norms regarding property, non-discrimination, legal certainty even under the pressure of secondary sanctions and unlawfully expanding extraterritorial jurisdiction of certain countries imposing sanctions, as well as understanding the complex negative impact on the structure of all levels of the economy and sustainable social relations, as well as de jure existence of already designated legal positions on the need to gain consolidated support from all the actors of international communication to overcome the existing rupture: condemnation and recording of illegality in the public law field and forced compliance with such non-legal requirements of certain jurisdictions in the domain of private law relations.
Information technologies in judicial process: opportunities of artificial intelligence in evidence system
Authors: Sherstoboev Oleg N. , Mikheeva Irina V.
Published: March 2024

The study is devoted to ambiguous issues of using artificial intelligence (AI) in judicial process. The purpose of the study is to present foreign experience of using information technologies in court proceedings based on the example of the most controversial and debated ideas concerning resources of artificial intelligence in the system of evidence. Special attention is paid to successful mechanisms of using AI in foreign judicial practice at the stage of evidence assessment. The study presents several decisions of foreign courts, formed with the help of AI. The findings allow to express opinion about admissibility of evidence evaluated by AI. The study employs methods of general scientific cognition and special methods including comparative legal. The dialectical method allows to investigate genesis and progressive development of judicial process technologization. The methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction contribute to highlighting disadvantages of predictive coding at the proving stage and advantages of electronic research of evidence, options for simultaneous disclosure of evidence using different methods on the example of specific court decisions. The comparative legal method helps to identify best practices of using artificial intelligence in the system of evidence in foreign countries. The study not only describes the tools of predicting justice in European judicial practice, but also examines the problems of Chinese "instrumental justice" that can arise in any country. Conclusion justifies predictive coding as a tool of predictive justice, provided that general rules for information disclosure are developed and specifics of machine learning for a particular case are considered. It is noted that artificial intelligence has not yet become the predominant method in any types of legal proceedings. This may be explained by insufficient confidence in it across legal communities and time needed to form a successful history of its use for solving legally significant tasks in various spheres of human life.
NAVEGANDO PELO CONHECIMENTO - O IMPACTO DA INTERNET EM ATIVIDADES ESCOLARES
Authors: Matos Luisa Silva de , Martins José Lauro , Amorim Wegle Borges
Published: March 2024

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o uso da internet por estudantes de escolas urbanas em 2019 (antes da pandemia) e responder "Qual era a finalidade da utilização da internet nas atividades escolares por parte dos estudantes de escolas urbanas em 2019 (antes da pandemia)?” com foco nos dados provenientes da pesquisa realizada pelo Cetic.br em 2019. Além disso, exploramos a contribuição da Teoria da Atividade de Vygotsky, Leontiev e Engestrom para a compreensão do processo de aprendizagem de estudantes que utilizam tecnologias mediadoras. Destacam-se várias tendências, como a adesão a jogos educativos, realização de pesquisa e a realização de trabalhos em grupo online. A pesquisa também apresenta baixa divulgação científica na internet, como também baixa comunicação entre professores e estudantes. Os resultados destacam o papel mediador significativo da internet na aprendizagem de estudantes da Educação Básica na região Norte do Brasil. Além disso, é ressaltada a importância de integrar o letramento digital ao currículo escolar para preparar os alunos para o mundo digital em constante evolução. A pesquisa também destaca a necessidade de superar barreiras socioeconômicas e promover o acesso à internet como um direito fundamental. Os resultados confirmam o potencial mediador da internet na aprendizagem de estudantes da Educação Básica do Norte do Brasil.
Prognostic Factors and Cancer-Specific Survival of Surgically Managed Renal Cell Carcinoma With Venous Thrombus: A 30-Year Experience at a Tertiary Referral Center
Authors: Lee Hyun Young , Kim Yunjoong , Lim Bumjin , You Dalsan , Song Cheryn , Jeong In Gab , Hong Bumsik , Hong Jun Hyuk , Ahn Hanjong , Suh Jungyo
Published: March 2024

Purpose: This study investigated the prognostic factors and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of patients who had renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with venous thrombus and underwent radical nephrectomy with thrombectomy (RNTx).Materials and Methods: From January 1990 to December 2022, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients diagnosed with RCC with venous thrombus who underwent RNTx at a single tertiary medical center. Univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were conducted to identify significant prognostic factors affecting CSS. A Kaplan-Meier model was used to calculate CSS rates at 1, 3, and 5 years after RNTx.Results: We included 262 patients in the final analysis (median age, 59 years) with a median follow-up of 28 months. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year CSS rates were 84.1%, 62.5%, and 46.4%, respectively. Multivariable analysis revealed that pathologic T4 stage (hazard ratio [HR], 3.711; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.599–8.611, p=0.002), pathologic N1 stage (HR, 2.371; 95% CI, 1.231–4.567; p=0.01), sarcomatoid differentiation (HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.027–3.477; p=0.041), and tumor necrosis (HR, 2.993; 95% CI, 1.132–7.914; p=0.027) were associated with CSS.Conclusions: Approximately one-third of all RCC patients with venous thrombus remained disease-free, and half survived 5 years after RNTx. Sarcomatoid differentiation and the presence of tumor necrosis in pathology predicted poorer CSS outcomes in our study. Further retrospective studies are required to validate these findings.
Poorer Outcomes in Bladder Cancer Patients With Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Addressing Over 226,472 Bladder Cancer Patients
Authors: Frost Stefani , Ziarati Parisa , Moen Ryan , Kysh Lynn , Johnson Robert , Pearce Shane , Daneshmand Siamak , Siegmund Kimberly D. , Cortessis Victoria K.
Published: March 2024

Purpose: Diabetes mellitus, a frequent comorbid condition in cancer patients, has been shown to increase risk of all-site cancer mortality. This relationship has not been systematically studied in bladder cancer patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify, evaluate, and synthesize available evidence on the relationship between history of diabetes and outcomes in bladder cancer patients.Materials and Methods: Systematic searches interrogated OVID MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library to identify scholarly reports relating diabetes to all-cause mortality, bladder cancer-specific mortality, recurrence, and progression in bladder cancer patients. After critical review, meta-analysis was used to quantitively synthesize qualifying data and assess potential influence of publication bias, clinical heterogeneity, and residual confounding.Results: We synthesized data on over 226,472 patients treated with curative intent uniquely represented in 28 studies that met quality metrics. Having diabetes was positively associated with each outcome. Hazard ratio estimates were indistinguishable for mortality from any cause, 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–1.33) and bladder cancer-specific mortality, 1.28 (95% CI 1.17–1.41) and notably stronger in patients with muscle-invasive and high-risk non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer, 1.32 (95% CI, 1.15–1.50) and 1.48 (95% CI, 1.06–2.06). Neither publication bias, systematic error, nor confounding by factors such as smoking or obesity is likely to explain the observed associations.Conclusions: Bladder cancer patients with diabetes experience elevated mortality that is not explained by diabetes-related comorbidities or complications. Future research should explore type, severity, and duration of diabetes in relation to unfavorable bladder cancer outcomes.
Targeted Therapy Following Metastasectomy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Gu Hui Mo , Jung Seung Il , Kwon Dongdeuk , Kim Myung Ha , Jung Jae Hung , Han Mi Ah , Lee Seung Hwan , Jeong In Gab , Kim Sun Il , Hwang Eu Chang
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) following metastasectomy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).Materials and Methods: A systematic search of multiple electronic databases was conducted. The inclusion criteria encompassed randomized clinical trials evaluating the use of TKIs after metastasectomy in mRCC patients. Study outcomes were relapse-free survival (RFS)/disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events of TKIs.Results: Two studies with 197 randomized participants that compared TKIs following metastasectomy versus metastasectomy alone were identified. According to these studies, TKIs following metastasectomy may result in little to no difference in RFS/DFS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65–1.57; I2=29%; low-certainty evidence). TKIs after metastasectomy may slightly increase OS, but the CI crossed the line of no effect (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.06–9.87; I2=86%; low-certainty evidence). TKIs after metastasectomy likely resulted in a large increase in adverse events (risk ratio, 2.76; 95% CI: 1.65–4.62; I2=not applicable; moderatecertainty evidence).Conclusions: TKIs following metastasectomy did not improve RFS/DFS, but slightly improved OS. It is likely that TKIs following metastasectomy increase adverse events compared to surgery only. The certainty of evidence ranged from moderate (signaling confidence that the reported effect size is likely close to the true effect) to low (indicating that the true effect may be substantially different from the effect estimate). The findings of this study should help to inform future guidelines and clinical decision-making at the point of care.
Nephron-Sparing Surgery for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Kim Sung Han , Savul Ilma S. , Lerner Seth P.
Published: March 2024

Radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) remains the gold standard for the surgical management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) from the ureterovesical junction to the renal pelvis. However, the removal of the ipsilateral intact kidney causes morbidity due to renal functional deterioration after RNU. Recently, the indications for nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) in UTUC have been expanded to preserve the intact kidney. Minimally invasive surgical approaches, including endourological, laparoscopic, and robotic-assisted techniques for segmental resection of the distal ureter with ureteral reimplantation have shown favorable oncological and clinical outcomes (for both noninvasive and invasive ureteral tumors). The established guidelines for UTUC have limited indications for NSS. Because of low tumor burden, stage Ta/T1 UTUC is considered the best indication for NSS. NSS requires close follow-up and managing the risk of recurrence in the preserved ipsilateral ureter and/or renal pelvis. To overcome these limitations, adjuvant administration of various immuno-chemotherapeutic agents is being explored to overcome the resistance to therapeutic cell death and evasion of immune destruction from current therapies with better prognostic outcomes. The aim is to reduce urothelial cancer recurrence improving the effectiveness of NSS and to achieve comparable outcomes to RNU in UTUC. In this review article, we have comprehensively discussed the different types of NSS in UTUC, the indications for NSS in the international guidelines, and oncological outcomes of each of the NSS techniques.
Multidisciplinary Team Approach in Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Theranostics for Prostate Cancer: A Narrative Review
Authors: Suh Minseok , Cheon Gi Jeong
Published: March 2024

In managing prostate cancer, the integration of multidisciplinary team (MDT) with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) theranostics marks a significant advancement, addressing the disease's spectrum from indolent forms to aggressive metastatic stages. MDTs, comprising urology, oncology, radiation oncology, pathology, radiology, and nuclear medicine experts, are pivotal in delivering tailored, evidence-based care, essential for the varied clinical presentations of prostate cancer. The introduction of PSMA-targeted theranostics and PSMA positron emission tomography imaging has impacted the approach to diagnosis and treatment, offering enhanced precision in disease localization and enabling more nuanced management strategies for conditions such as oligometastatic prostate cancer, metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. The collaborative approach of MDTs in utilizing PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy emphasizes meticulous patient selection, predictive assessment of therapy response, and careful management of therapy-related toxicities. Additionally, recent strategies, including combination therapies from ENZA-P and Lu-PARP trials, show potential for improving treatment efficacy. This unified approach showcases the critical role of MDTs in optimizing treatment outcomes, underscoring the importance of collaboration in advancing the treatment of prostate cancer with PSMAtargeted therapies, thereby setting a new paradigm in personalized prostate cancer management.
Pigmented Bowen’s Disease in African Males: A Two-Case Series
Authors: Ramadimetja Sema-Ramashala Agnes
Published: March 2024

Background Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in Africans is less
common than in Caucasians because of melanin, which plays a protective
role against ultraviolet radiation and subsequent skin cancers. However,
Bowen’s disease, a type of skin carcinoma-in-situ, occurs on both
sun-exposed and sun-protected sites and if missed, may progress to
invasive squamous cell carcinoma. In general, there is paucity of
literature on NMSC occurring in skin of colour versus in white skin, and
pigmented Bowen’s disease (PBD) is no exception. Clinicians should be
able to recognise this type of cancer in black skin to avoid invasive
malignancy. Case I A 68-year-old male presented with a
30-year-history of a pigmented plaque with cutaneous horns on the right
lower trunk. The patient was unsuccessfully treated with various topical
and oral medication until he was referred to a tertiary hospital. A
biopsy was taken and the cutaneous horns, together with the underlying
epithelium, were shaved. The histopathology confirmed PBD and invasive
cancer was excluded. He was referred to the plastic surgeons for
excision. Case II An 88-year-old male presented with a 30-year
history of an asymptomatic pigmented 6cm x 10cm plaque on the left upper
trunk, which was unresponsive to topical treatment from different
healthcare facilities. The plaque was notched in one area, where there
was associated hyperpigmentation. Histopathology of lesional skin
confirmed PBD. Conclusion Rare in Africans though it is, skin
cancer should always be suspected in a long-standing lesion that does
not respond to any treatment. It is essential to biopsy such lesions for
histopathological evaluation.
Research of Recombinant Influenza A Virus as a Vector for Mycoplasma Pneumoniae P1a and P30a
Authors: Liang Yu , Wang Yongbo , Yang Shengjun , Tan Jia , Xu Ya , Liao Guoyang , Ma Linna
Published: March 2024

Methods: In this study, the major antigen genes P1a of MP adhesion
factor P1(3862-4554 bases) and P30a of P30(49-822 bases) were inserted
into the nonstructural protein (NS) gene of Influenza A virus strain
A/Puerto Rio/8/34(H1N1), PR8 for short, to construct the recombinant
vectors NS-P1a or NS-P30a. The recombinant pHW2000 plasmids containing
NS-P1a or NS-P30a were co-transfected with the rest 7 fragments of PR8
into HEK293T cells. After inoculating chicken embryos, the recombinant
influenza viruses rFLU-P1a and rFLU-P30a were rescued. RT-PCR and
sequencing were used to identify the recombinant viruses. The
hemagglutination titers of rFLU-P1a and rFLU-P30a were determined after
5 successive generations in chicken embryos so as to indicate the
genetic stability of the recombinant viruses. The morphology of
recombinant influenza viruses was observed under electron microscopy.
Results: P1a or P30a was designed to be inserted into the modified NS
gene sequence separately and synthesized successfully. RT-PCR
identification of the recombinant viruses rFLU-P1a and rFLU-P30a showed
that P1a (693bp), P30a (774bp), NS-P1a (1992bp) and NS-P30a (2073bp)
bands were found, and the sequencing results were correct. After 5
successive generations, each virus generation has a certain
hemagglutination titer(from 1:32 to 1:64), and the band of P1a or P30a
can be seen in the corresponding positions. The virus particles under
the electron microscope appeared as spheres or long strips connected by
several particles, revealing a complete viral membrane structure
composed of virus lipid bilayer, hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, and
matrix proteins. Conclusion: The recombinant viruses rFLU-P1a and
rFLU-P30a which carried the advantaged immune regions of the P1 and P30
genes in MP were successfully constructed and identified. The genetic
stability of rFLU-P1a or rFLU-P30a was relatively high. The typical
morphology of influenza virus was observed under the electron
microscope. Our research provided a foundation for the further
development of MP vaccines for human.
Clinical Pharmacology considerations and drug-drug interactions with long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine relevant to a sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Steulet Adrian , Obura Bonniface , Waitt Catriona , Laker Eva , Nicol Melanie , Cresswell Fiona
Published: March 2024

Long-acting injectable (LAI) cabotegravir and rilpivirine for HIV
treatment and LAI cabotegravir for pre-exposure HIV prophylaxis are
being rolled out in a multitude of countries worldwide. Due to the
prolonged exposure, it can be challenging to undertake ‘traditional’
pharmacokinetic studies and current guidance is derived from their oral
equivalents or physiologically-based pharmacokinetic studies. This
review aims to consider pharmacokinetic characteristics of cabotegravir
and rilpivirine and describe anticipated drug-drug interactions (DDIs)
with frequent concomitant medications in African settings. Relevant
comedications were identified from the WHO 2021 List of Essential
Medicines. All original human and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic
studies published in English on PubMed, discussing DDIs with LAI
cabotegravir and rilpivirine prior to April 2023, were reviewed. The
Liverpool HIV interaction database was also reviewed. LAI cabotegravir
and rilpivirine have half-lives of 6-12 and 13-28 weeks, respectively.
Cabotegravir is primarily metabolised by UDP-glucuronyltransferase
(UGT)-1A1 and rilpivirine by cytochrome P450 (CYP)-3A4. LAI cabotegravir
and rilpivirine themselves exhibit low risk of perpetrating interactions
with comedications as they do not induce or inhibit the major drug
metabolising enzymes. However, they are victims of DDIs relating to the
induction of their metabolising enzymes by concomitantly administered
medication. Noteworthy contraindicated comedications include rifamycins,
carbamazepine, phenytoin, flucloxacillin and griseofulvin, which induce
CYP3A4 and/or UGT1A1, causing clinically-significant reduced
concentrations of rilpivirine and/or cabotegravir. In addition to
virologic failure, subtherapeutic concentrations resulting from DDIs can
lead to emergent drug resistance. Clinicians should be aware of
potential DDIs and counsel people receiving LAI cabotegravir/rilpivirine
appropriately to minimise risk.
To exascale and beyond – The Simple Cloud-Resolving E3SM Atmosphere Model (SCREAM), a performance portable global atmosphere model for cloud-resolving scales
Authors: Donahue Aaron Sheffield , Caldwell Peter Martin , Bertagna Luca , Beydoun Hassan , Bogenschutz Peter A , Bradley Andrew , Clevenger Thomas C , Foucar James G , Golaz Jean-Christophe , Guba Oksana , Hannah Walter M. , Hillman Benjamin R , Johnson Jeffrey , Keen Noel D. , Lin Wuyin , Singh Balwinder , Taylor Mark A , Tian Jingjing , Terai Christopher Ryutaro , Ullrich Paul , Yuan Xingqiu , Zhang Yunyan
Published: March 2024

The new generation of heterogeneous CPU/GPU computer systems offer much
greater computational performance but are not yet widely used for
climate modeling. One reason for this is that traditional climate models
were written before GPUs were available and would require an extensive
overhaul to run on these new machines. In addition, even conventional
“high–resolution’ simulations don’t provide enough parallel work to
keep GPUs busy, so the benefits of such overhaul would be limited for
the types of simulations climate scientists are accustomed to. The
vision of the Simple Cloud-Resolving Energy Exascale Earth System (E3SM)
Atmosphere Model (SCREAM) project is to create a global atmospheric
model with the architecture to efficiently use GPUs and horizontal
resolution sufficient to fully take advantage of GPU parallelism. After
5 yrs of model development, SCREAM is finally ready for use. In this
paper, we describe the design of this new code, its performance on both
CPU and heterogeneous machines, and its ability to simulate real-world
climate via a set of four 40 day simulations covering all 4 seasons of
the year.
Metapneumovirus infection in children in modern conditions: clinical and immunological parallels
Authors: Popova O. P. , Trushakova S. V. , Fedorova I. M. , Koteleva S. I. , Bunin S. V. , Shvetsova Ju. V. , Vartyanyan R. V. , Lyubeznova I. G.
Published: March 2024

Aim. The study of metapneumovirus infection clinical and immunological features in children of different ages. Patients and methods. An analysis of 22 patients with mono-metapneumovirus infection is presented. There were 7 (31.8%) children under the age of 1 year, 8 (36.4%) — 1—3 years old, 7 (31.8%) — 4—7 years old. Diagnosis of metapneumovirus infection was based on clinical data and on PCR analysis of nasopharyngeal mucus. Immunological studies in 10 patients included immunophenotype of patient's blood lymphocytes and analysis of the interferon system. Results. Among children under the age of 1 year 71.4 ± 17.1% were diagnosed with obstructive bronchitis and 28.6 ± 17.1% had pneumonia. In patients aged 1—3 years pneumonia was observed more often (55.6 ± 17.6%), obstructive bronchitis — less often (33.3 ± 16.7%), and in 11.1 ± 11.1% bronchitis occurred without symptoms of bronchial obstruction. In children aged 4—7 years only the upper respiratory tract was affected in 14.3 ± 13.2% of cases, 57.1 ± 18.7% developed bronchitis and 28.6 ± 17.1% — pneumonia. The immune system state was characterized by a low content of T-helpers (CD3 + CD4 + ) and NK-cells (CD3-CD16 + CD56 + ) detected in 7 (70%) and 5 (50%) patients respectively. IFNγ production was reduced in 70% of children and IFNα in 80%. Conclusion. Metapneumovirus infection in children in modern conditions is characterized by the frequent development of inflammatory changes in the bronchopulmonary system in the early stages of the disease. The disease severity was due to both manifestations of respiratory failure and severe symptoms of intoxication. Immunological studies revealed changes in the cellular link and the interferon system in all age groups.
Multiple complications of wound infection of mixed etiology: clinical case
Authors: Egorova N. Yu. , Molochkova O. V. , Rakhalina A. A. , Romanova Yu. V. , Belyanina A. S. , Adamova D. A.
Published: March 2024

Purpose: to demonstrate a case of mixed purulent wound infection of the leg with the sequential development of multiple complications — phlegmon, staphylococcal infection with scarlet-like syndrome and the skin-articular form of Henoch-Schönlein hemorrhagic vasculitis in a 12-year-old child. Results. A severe, complicated form of purulent lesions of the skin and subcutaneous tissue is described — phlegmon of the lower leg, which arose as a result of infection of previously damaged tissues by the main causative agents of mixed wound infection — S. aureus and S. pyogenes in the IV degree of contamination. On the 7th day of the disease, the manifestation of an immune complex complication was noted — the skin-articular form of Henoch-Schönlein hemorrhagic vasculitis and symptoms of staphylococcal infection with scarlet-like syndrome, which required a differential diagnosis with wound (extrabucal) scarlet fever.

 Conclusion. The difficulties of differential diagnosis are shown. The delayed appearance of the rash on the 7th day of illness, pronounced hyperemia of the skin with a cyanotic tint around the wound, the formation of a large affected area, the appearance of peeling of the skin earlier than with scarlet fever — already against the background of a fading rash, allowed us to think about a staphylococcal infection with scarlet fever-like syndrome.
Non homogeneous dual wavelet frames and oblique extension principles in Hs(K)
Authors: Ahmad Owais
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we introduce the notion of nonhomogeneous dual wavelet frames
in Sobolev spaces over local fields. We provide the complete
characterization of nonhomogeneous dual wavelet frames on local fields.
Furthermore, we obtain a mixed oblique extension principle for such frames.
Randomized average block iterative methods for solving factorised linear systems
Authors: Zhao Jing , Wang Xiang , Zhang Jianhua
Published: March 2024

Recently, some randomized iterative methods are proposed to solve large-scale
factorised linear systems. In this paper, we present two randomized average
block iterative methods which still take advantage of the factored form and
need not perform the entire matrix. The new methods are pseudoinverse-free
and can be implemented for parallel computation. Furthermore, we analyze
their convergence behaviors and obtain the exponential convergence rate.
Finally, some numerical examples are carried out to show the effectiveness
of our new methods.
A new type of exponential operator
Authors: Gupta Vijay , Anjali A
Published: March 2024

In the present research, we investigate a novel type of exponential operator.
This operator is developed using p(x) = x4/3. Here, we establish the direct
estimate, quantitative variants of the Voronovskaja theorem, same
quantification for functions having exponential growth and some other
convergence estimates for the newly defined exponential-type operator. Later
in the end, we analyze graphically the convergence of the new operator for
the exponential function e?4x.
Hamiltonicity and pancyclicity of superclasses of claw-free graphs
Authors: Sahraoui Abdelkader , Benmeziane Zineb
Published: March 2024

A graph G is called to be fully cycle extendable graph [3] if each vertex of
G belongs to a triangle and for any cycle C with |V(C)| < |V(G)| there
exists a cycle C? in G such that V(C) ? V(C?) and |V(C?)| = |V(C)|+1. In
this paper, we show that every graph G that is triangularly connected,
partly claw-free and {K1,4,K4}-free is fully cycle extendable graph if its
claw centers set is P4-free. This paper generalizes the concept of Hendry
fully cycle extendable graph [3] for the largest superclass of partly
claw-free graphs defined by Abbas and Benmeziane [1].
Diffusion bonding of RAFM steels: Evolution of interfacial oxide layer with pressure and microstructure and mechanical property after post bonding heat treatment
Authors: Chen J.-G. , Wang W.-J. , Dong J. , Wang C.-C. , Wei Y.-S.
Published: March 2024

The effect of increasing the bonding pressure from 10 to 20 MPa (5 MPa interval) at 1050?C for 60 minutes on the diffusion bonded joint of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steel was investigated. The results indicate that the quality of the bond improves accordingly with increasing bonding pressure. The oxide layer at the bonding interface underwent an evolution process from continuous to discontinuous and ultimately disappeared with the increase of bonding pressure. The optimal joint was achieved in this work at the pressure of 20 MPa. Considering the research of reliability of joints in engineering applications, the optimum joint was subjected to post-bonding heat treatment (PBHT) of 750?C for 90 minutes. The diffusion bonded sample subjected to PBHT exibits microstructural features and tensile properties similar to those of the base metal. It is noteworthy that the tensile fracture does not occur at the bonding interface, but in the base metal far away from the interface. This work can provide a feasible method for the removal of oxides at the diffusion bonding interface of RAFM steel and also contribute to the establishment and optimization of diffusion bonding processes, thereby improving the quality of the diffusion bonding joint.
Finite Elements Analysis and Topology Optimization of Parking Brake Lever and Ratchet
Authors: Kahraman Funda , Küçük Mehmet
Published: March 2024

Topology optimization is known as one of the basic categories of structural optimization. Topology optimization is received increasing attention in many engineering disciplines. Topology optimization contributes to minimizing emissions and environmental effects by increasing material utilization efficiency and manufacturing sustainability. The mechanical parking brake is still used in many vehicles. This study aims to contribute to the reduction in vehicle weight by applying topology optimization. In addition, it also purposes to promote sustainability in manufacturing by reducing material usage and energy consumption. A CAD model was created by considering the existing mechanism element dimensions. The parking brake lever mechanism component was evaluated using topology optimization and finite element analysis methods. Static analyses were performed using a finite element analysis program. The results of this analysis were used as input data for topology optimization. In the topology optimization, the response constraint mass was increased by 5 increments from 50% to 95%. As a result, the maximum equivalent (von Mises) stress for the parking brake lever is 230,29 MPa, and for the ratchet is 11,559 MPa. The maximum total deformation value for the brake lever is 0,95853 mm and for the ratchet is 0,0079482 mm. The parking brake lever mass decreased by 18,48% from 0.27751 kg to 0.22622 kg. The ratchet mass decreased from 0.095042 kg to 0.061911 kg by 34.85%.
Research on automotive scrap metal classification method using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and two-step clustering algorithm
Authors: Lin Jingjun , Dai Panyang , Che Changjin , Lin Xiaomei , Li Yao , Yang Jiangfei , Huang Yutao , Ren Yongkang , Zhen Xin , Yang Xingyue
Published: March 2024

In the recycling of scrap metal, the establishment of the classification database of recyclables has the advantages of fast classification speed and high analysis accuracy. However, the classification and recycling of unknown samples become highly significant due to the extensive variety of standard metal samples and the challenges in obtaining them. In this study, a method for multi-element classification of automotive scrap metals in general environmental conditions was achieved by utilizing laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and two-step clustering algorithm (K-means, hierarchical clustering). The two unsupervised learning algorithms were employed to cluster the LIBS spectral data of 60 automotive scrap metal samples rapidly and hierarchically. Three rare metal elements and three elements for distinguishing metal categories were selected to meet the recycling requirements. After applying the multiplicative scatter correction to the spectral data for calibration, the initial clustering clusters were determined using the Davies–Bouldin index, Calinski–Harabasz index, and silhouette coefficient. Then, the Kruskal–Wallis test was conducted on each cluster to check the significance. The clusters that failed the test were split and reclustered until all clusters met the significance criterion (α=0.05). The accuracy of the proposed method for classifying the collected automotive scrap metals reached 97.6%. This indicates the great potential of this method in the field of automotive scrap metal classification.
Preparation of Ag-Cu nanoparticle film using a dual-beam pulsed laser deposition for power electronic packaging
Authors: Zhou Bolong , Jia Qiang , Wang Yishu , Li Dan , Zhang Hongqiang , Hu Huan , Ma Limin , Zou Guisheng , Guo Fu
Published: March 2024

Ag-Cu nanoparticles, integrating the advantages of Ag and Cu, are promising materials for power electronic packaging. In this work, a novel dual-beam pulsed laser deposition method was proposed to prepare an Ag-Cu nanoparticle film with various component ratios and used for die attach at low temperatures. The as-deposited Ag-Cu nanoparticle film was mainly composed of Ag-Cu solid solution, Ag element, and Cu element, and most of the nanoparticles were in the alloying state. The Ag-Cu sintered joint presented a dense microstructure with 10.8% porosity, and the shear strength of Ag-Cu sintered joints could reach 60 MPa at 250 °C. The sintered joint porosity increased as more Cu were added in the Ag-Cu nanoparticle film, resulting in a decrease in the interfacial connection ratio. The fracture mode of sintered joints gradually changed from the sintered layer to the mixed sintered layer and interface fracture. The dual-beam pulsed laser deposition method could guide in designing the component ratios of bimetallic nanoparticles.
Formulation Development and Evaluation of Mouth Dissolving Film of Taurine and Their Future Perspectives
Authors: RN Ajay
Published: March 2024

This study focuses on the formulation development and evaluation of mouth dissolving films (MDFs) containing taurine, an amino acid with potential therapeutic benefits. Taurine-loaded MDFs were formulated using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) E5 as the polymer, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) as the plasticizer, and sucrose as the sweetening agent. Additional ingredients included menthol for flavoring and citric acid for saliva stabilization. The formulations were evaluated for various parameters including physical appearance, thickness, weight variation, surface pH, in vitro disintegration time, folding endurance, drug content, and in vitro drug release. Results demonstrated uniformity, flexibility, and rapid drug release, with formulation F5 exhibiting the highest drug content and desirable properties. Future perspectives include exploring therapeutic applications, personalized medicine, and regulatory approval for clinical use. This study highlights the potential of taurine MDFs as a patient-friendly dosage form with promising therapeutic efficacy
Assessment on Indigestible Foreign Bodies of Cattle and Associated Risk Factors at Selected Slaughtere House of East Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: M* Asledin
Published: March 2024

A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2023 to March 2024 with the aim of assessing the prevalence of indigestible foreign bodies and associated risk factors in cattle slaughtered at selected districts of east Ararghe municipal abattoirs. A total of 384 cattle were selected randomly and examined to check for the presence of indigestible foreign bodies in the rumen and reticulum of study animals. Among them, 109(28.39%) were found positive for the occurrence of indigestible foreign bodies in rumen and reticulum. Age, body condition and origin of the animals were determined during ante mortem examination while animals were examined for indigestible foreign bodies during postmortem examination. Age, body condition score and origin of animals had significant (P<0.05) effect on the prevalence of foreign bodies. Foreign bodies were highest in cattle old age groups 58(36.71%) followed by young 28(23.53%) and adult 23(21.50%). The prevalence rate recorded in poor, medium, and good body condition of cattle were 62(68.89%), 34(32.69%) and 13(6.84%), respectively. The significantly (P=0.000) higher foreign bodies in rumen and reticulum were found in cattle originated from Babile 58(60.42%) followed by kombolcha 24(25.00%) and Girawa 17(17.71%) and the lower prevalence were observed in Gorogutu 10(10.42%). Out of 109 (28.39%) total positive cases of foreign bodies 56(14.58%), 35(9.11 %) and 18(4.69 %) prevalence rate of foreign bodies were observed in rumen, reticulum and both rumen and reticulum, respectively. Rumen harbored mostly non-metallic foreign materials while reticulum was the major site for the retention of metallic objects. Plastic 38(9.90%) were recovered as the most common foreign bodies followed by rope 16(4.17%), cloth and plastic 16(4.17%), Nail 13(3.39%), wire 12 (3.13%), cloth 7(1.82 %), and rope and plastic 7(1.82 %). Presence of the foreign bodies in the rumen and reticulum of the current study area was expose cattle to health associated problems and contribute for reduction in production. Consequently, appropriate solid waste disposal system need to implement in the study area to prevent health risk of ruminants and also to protect the environment.
Acute Urinary Retention due to Hematocolpos: A Case Report
Authors: Lakhdar Khaoula
Published: March 2024

Acute urinary retention is an uncommon occurrence in the pediatric population, usually arising from a mechanical obstruction. It may result from hematocolpos, a gradual accumulation of menstrual blood in the vaginal cavity due to outflow tract disorders, with imperforate hymen being the most prevalent. Despite the simplicity of diagnosing and treating Imperforate Hymen, the occurrence of missed or delayed diagnoses is a common clinical challenge. This issue is attributed to the condition’s low incidence, the presence of nonspecific symptoms, or insufficient physical examinations. We present a case of a 16-year-old patient, presented to the emergency department with a one-day history of acute urinary retention. She had not yet begun menses, and reported a background of cyclical lower back-pain and discomfort during urination. After urethral catheterization, physical examination revealed a regular, resilient pelvic mass and the visual inspection of the external genital tract revealed a thick, bulging, and non-bluish hymen. An ultrasound scan confirmed the diagnosis of hematocolpos. She underwent a hymenectomy using a radial incision and made a good recovery postoperatively. Hematocolpos should be systematically sought in young girls with urinary symptoms and primary amenorrhea. If not managed at time, it may have devasting complication such as tubal adhesion, pelvic endometriosis, and infertility.
The Role of Hormonal Imbalances in Amenorrhea
Authors: R* Haider
Published: March 2024

Amenorrhea, the absence of menstrual periods in women of reproductive age, is a multifaceted and clinically significant gynecological condition that can have various underlying causes and far-reaching implications for a woman’s overall health and well-being. This abstract provides a concise overview of amenorrhea, encompassing its classification, etiology, clinical presentation, and management. Amenorrhea can be categorized into two primary types: Primary and secondary. Primary amenorrhea refers to the absence of menstruation by the age of 16 years in the presence of normal secondary sexual characteristics, or by the age of 14 years with no signs of puberty. Secondary amenorrhea, on the other hand, is characterized by the cessation of regular menstruation for at least three cycles or six months in women with a history of regular menstruation. The etiology of amenorrhea is diverse and may be attributed to various factors including hormonal imbalances, structural abnormalities in the reproductive tract, excessive exercise, stress, and eating disorders. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hypothalamic amenorrhea are common hormonal causes, while Asherman’s syndrome and structural abnormalities in the uterus are anatomical factors contributing to amenorrhea. The clinical presentation of amenorrhea varies depending on its underlying cause but often includes symptoms such as changes in weight, hair growth patterns, and breast development. An accurate diagnosis requires a comprehensive evaluation, which may involve hormonal assays, imaging studies, and sometimes a biopsy. The management strategies for amenorrhea depend on this cause. Hormone therapy, lifestyle modifications, and surgical interventions are recommended to address hormonal imbalances, structural abnormalities, or other contributing factors. Psychosocial support and counseling play crucial roles in the management of amenorrhea, especially when related to eating disorders or psychological stress.
Konsep Merdeka Belajar bagi Anak Usia Dini Menurut Ki Hajar Dewantara
Authors: Wiyani Novan Ardy
Published: March 2024

Merdeka belajar dalam kurikulum merdeka bukanlah hal baru. Gagasan merdeka belajar sejak lama didiseminasikan oleh Ki Hajar Dewantara. Hal itulah yang menjadikan penulis tertarik untuk mengkaji konsep merdeka belajar bagi anak usia dini menurut Ki Hajar Dewantara. Tulisan ini ditujukan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis konsep merdeka belajar bagi anak usia dini menurut Ki Hajar Dewantara. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kepustakaan. Data dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan menggunakan teknik dokumentasi kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis isi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Merdeka belajar bagi Ki Hajar Dewantara bukanlah memberikan kebebasan tanpa batas pada anak usia dini dalam bermain. Merdeka belajar merupakan upaya memberikan kebebasan kepada anak untuk bermain dengan tetap dituntun oleh guru. Merdeka belajar bagi Ki Hajar Dewantara dijadikan sebagai dasar dan tujuan dalam mendidik anak usia dini serta menjadi salah satu dari lima dasar Panca Dharma, yaitu kebebasan atau kemerdekaan, kebudayaan, kodrat alam, kebangsaan dan kemanusiaan. Pemikiran Ki Hajar Dewantara terkait dengan konsep merdeka belajar pada tulisan ini telah menunjukkan bahwa ada sumbangsih ideologis dari Ki Hajar Dewantara dalam pengembangan kurikulum merdeka yang sedang diimplementasikan secara gradual sejak tahun 2022 di lembaga-lembaga pendidikan seperti lembaga PAUD.
Moderasi Beragama melalui Film Animasi: Peluang dan Tantangan pada Generasi Digital
Authors: Dianto Icol
Published: March 2024

This research aims to examine the opportunities and challenges in the use of animated films as a medium to instill religious moderation in Indonesia. The method used in this research is literature research by analyzing the results of research, legal text, and information related to religious moderation and animated film media. The results found that Indonesia has a great opportunity to utilize information and multimedia technology, especially in producing animated films. The opportunity can be detailed that Indonesia has a technology infrastructure that is almost evenly distributed in all corners of the country, rich in local culture and wisdom, and has reliable human resources in the field of multimedia technology. On the other hand, the rapid flow of information containing religious conservatism through online media and television media dominated by violence is a challenge for the Government of Indonesia. The ideology of religious moderation must be packaged creatively and attract the interest of the audience. Thus, understand the moderation of religion that is expected to be ingrained in the life of the nation and state.Keyword : Religious Moderation; Animated Film; Religious Conservatism
ЧИННИКИ ДЕ-СОЦІАЛІЗАЦІЇ СПОРТСМЕНІВ В КОНТЕКСТІ ЇХ ПОСТ-СПОРТИВНОГО ЖИТТЯ
Authors: Корж Наталія Леонідівна , Захаріна Євгенія Анатоліївна , Чередниченко Інна Анатоліївна
Published: March 2024

У статті розглянуто основні причини та чинники, які негативно впливають на соціальну сферу екс-спортсменів у пост спортивному житті. Відповідно до статистичних даних міжнародного спортивного простору 30-33% екс-спортсменів, продовжують свою кар’єру в сфері фізичної культури та спорту, а більшість не може «знайти себе». Зазначено, що головною проблемою нестабільного пост спортивного життя екс-спортсменів є де-соціалізація, а саме: руйнування та зміна звичної системи цінностей її перехід до нових; зміна соціальних ролей і прийняття нових. Тому фокус даної статті спрямований на опис труднощів, з якими стикнулися екс-спортсмени на шляху особистої де-соціалізації (соціальної адаптації) у пост-спортивному житті. Мета – визначити основні причини та чинники, які негативно вплинули на соціальну сферу екс-спортсменів у пост-спортивному житті. Методи дослідження: У роботі були застосовані методи теоретичного рівня дослідження: аналіз науково-методичної літератури; соціологічні методи: анкетування, тестування; методи математичної статистики: аналіз анкетних даних. Всі види збору інформації відбувалися в он-лайн форматі. Результати. Зроблено комплексний аналіз: наукової літератури, щодо аспектів соціальної адаптації особистості спортсмена в умовах громадського життя та значення спорту в сучасному суспільстві. Визначено: актуальні проблеми з якими стикнулися екс-спортсмени в умовах соціальної адаптації до громадської діяльності; чинники, що негативно вплинули на де-соціалізацію екс-спортсменів у життєвому просторі поза спортом та причини завершення спортивної кар’єри. Зазначено, що основною проблемою позитивної де-соціалізації екс-спортсменів в контексті їх пост-спортивного життя є відсутність інституції з сучасними інструментами, які б підготували їх до життя поза спортом і могли б позитивно вплинути на процес соціальної адаптації. Висновки. На основі отриманих результатів шляхом анкетування доведено що: професійний спорт істотно впливає на формування системи цінностей особистості спортсмена. Все це вимагає формування базових умов, які б дозволили планомірно підготувати основу для кожного наступного етапу перетворень особистості спортсмена в соціумі поза спортом.
Revolución y autodeterminación en el cuerno de África
Authors: Calchi Novati Glampaolo
Published: March 2024

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