bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An analysis of productivity app strengths: An environmental scan
Authors: Dhaliwal Harshdeep , Ahluwalia Kundan , Zada Dana Kukje , Qin Daphne , Tanveer Rameen , Botros Julianna , Xu Joy
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUNDIn recent years, productivity apps have become the most commonly used apps. While some may feel productivity apps work solely as a result of the placebo effect , productivity apps have been shown to have three major benefits: accountability, assessment, and improvement. Stress levels were especially reduced in the two meditation groups as opposed to the muscle relaxation group . Furthermore, there has been reported evidence on the effectiveness of app-based meditation and mindfulness in reducing stress and increasing productivity for users.METHODSIn order to answer the research question, published articles from ProQuest, Business Source Premier and Web of Science were used. Additionally, Harvard Business Review was also used as a source of grey literature. Information was collected in order to determine the strengths of competing productivity apps and how they could limit or be applied to the Felicity App. The research was reviewed based on screening tools that assessed validity and relevance. Included studies were published within Asia, North America, Australia, or Europe, and were either quantitative, qualitative, randomized controlled trial (RCT), surveys, experiments with participants, or academic studies. Study screening and extraction were completed independently among two authors. Disagreements following reconciliation between the two authors were settled by a third author.RESULTSThe selected articles discuss information including methods of improving productivity, mobile-based interventions that are effective at improving either overall health or productivity, and techniques that may be applicable to the Felicity App as a mobile-based intervention.CONCLUSIONThe results show that the Felicity App can improve user outcomes by integrating features from other applications.
Review of "“Evidence-Based Statistics" by Cahusac
Authors: Dienes Zoltan
Published: September 2021

In press, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) Review of "“Evidence-Based Statistics: An Introduction to the Evidential Approach - from Likelihood Principle to Statistical Practice”; Cahusac, Peter "
Kegunaan Terapi Musik dalam Bimbingan Konseling
Authors: Hapsari Skolastika
Published: September 2021

Musik merupakan seni yang terbentuk dari kumpulan suara dan irama yang selaras, serta musik dapat kita dengarkan melalui telinga dengan merdu dan indah. Berbagai media yang dapat konselor gunakan dalam konseling, yaitu musik merupakan suatu media yang digunakan secara eksklusif dalam serangkaian terapi. Para ahli menjelaskan bahwa mendengarkan musik dapat membantu individu untuk rileks dan belajar, dan mengarahkan perhatian mereka jauh dari stresor kehidupan. Mendengarkan musik juga dapat membantu klien mengubah suasana hati mereka dengan mengurangi kecemasan mereka atau membangkitkan emosi mereka. Dengan musik konselor proses rapport antara konselor dan konseli dapat berlangsung dengan baik, karena musik merupakan bahasa yang universal dan dapat menembus batas-batas multikultural.
Music In Counseling
Authors: Megarina Yulietha
Published: September 2021

Secara keseluruhan, musik dapat menimbulkan berbagai respons mental, emosional, fisik, dan spiritual. Musik digunakan untuk menarik perhatian, memunculkan ingatan, mengomunikasikan perasaan, dan menciptakan rasa kebersamaan (Mandsager, Newsome, & Glass, 1997. Dalam Gladding, 2016). Musik sebagai terapi biasanya dikenal dengan terapi musik. Sejak tahun 1992, Gladding (2016, dalam Situmorang, D. D. B., Mulawarman, M., & Wibowo, M. E. (2018) memperkenalkan penggunaan musik dalam konseling. Musik dapat dijadikan sebagai medium untuk membantu konseli agar dapat merasa lebih nyaman, rileks, dan bahagia, sehingga proses dan intervensi konseling yang diberikan dapat menjadi lebih efektif. Selanjutnya, penggunaan musik seperti ini di dalam proses konseling dikenal dengan istilah music therapy. Musik sebagai salah satu media dalam terapi seni diyakini dapat menembus batas-batas yang ada. Siapapun menyukai musik, tanpa memandang usia, gender, suku, agama, ras, latar belakang pendidikan, dan lainnya (Djohan, 2006; Situmorang, 2005). Terdapat beberapa jenis dalam penerapan musik terapi memiliki beberapa jenis yaitu passive music theraphy dan active music theraphy.
Victim-focused political apology predicts political support via perceived sincerity, trust and positive emotional climate: The case of the 2018 bushfire in Attica
Authors: Gkinopoulos Theofilos
Published: September 2021

Political leaders tend to apologize for wrongdoings. This study focuses on a disaster occurred on July 2018 in east Attica, Greece, where wildfires destroyed houses and left dozens of people dead. 2 pilot studies and 1 main study were conducted testing perceptions of apology as sincere, perceived trust, positive emotional climate and participants’ support towards the governmental policies. 180 participants were recruited for the 2 pilot studies overall and 222 participants for the main study. Participants were recruited from the disaster zone of east Attica. Results confirmed the hypotheses, detecting a main effect of apology condition on the dependent measures, as well as indirect effects of perceived sincerity, trust and positive emotional climate on the relationship between apology condition and political support towards the governmental policies. Political and psychological implications of forms of public apologies are discussed.
Interpreting Cross-Cultural Bias in Psychological Assessments: An Empirical Example
Authors: Lasker Jordan
Published: September 2021

Cockcroft et al. (2015) fit a multigroup confirmatory factor model to Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III (WAIS-III) data from South Africa and the United Kingdom. They found evidence for measurement bias and suggested that bias was greatest in those subtests of the WAIS-III that showcased the largest mean group differences. They went on to state that the "[i]dentification of tests that do not favor individuals from Eurocentric and favorable SES circumstances with advantaged educational backgrounds is valuable in providing direction for the development of culture fair tests", in effect suggesting that the results confirmed the test was biased towards culturally European groups. However, a reanalysis that included estimation of the effect sizes and directions of bias showed that, far from their conclusions, bias operated in different directions, but primarily in favor of the lower-scoring South African population examined in their study. The need for greater qualification in measurement invariance testing is shown and recommended.
Clinical Application of Violet LED In-office Bleaching with or without Traditional Systems: Case Series
Authors: Kury Matheus , de Almeida Resende Bruna , Pacheco da Silva Daylana , Eiko Wada Erica , de Moura Antonialli Fernanda , Giannini Marcelo , Cavalli Vanessa
Published: September 2021

Objective: This study evaluated the efficacy and tooth sensitivity of bleaching with the novel violet LED light used in different in-office approaches. Clinical Considerations: Three patients were submitted to anamnesis, clinical and radiographic exams and to different bleaching protocols and materials. Case report I: Violet LED light was applied in 20 irradiations of 1 minute at 30-s intervals without the use of peroxide agents. After eight appointments with 4 or 7-day intervals, no tooth sensitivity (TS) was reported and color changed from A2 to A1 and from B3 to A2 in upper central incisor (tooth 11) and upper canine (tooth 13), respectively. Case report II: The same protocol established for violet LED light application was used and associated with 37% carbamide peroxide in three appointments at intervals of 7 days. Color changed from A3,5 to B2 (tooth 13), and provoked TS was reported. Case report III: 35% hydrogen peroxide was associated with the same violet LED regimen and number of sessions. Although spontaneous TS was reported in low levels, color changed from A2 to B1 (tooth 11) and from A3 to B1 (tooth 13). Conclusion: Although the three treatments promoted different bleaching responses, in vitro and in vivo investigations of the violet LED protocols are still necessary. In addition, the fact that the sensitivity levels obtained are compatible with conventional bleaching treatments demonstrated that violet LED light is possibly adequate for clinical use. Clinical Significance: Bleaching of vital teeth with violet LED with or without peroxide agents exhibited acceptable clinical results and low sensitivity responses.
Barriers to Health Care for Children with Orofacial Clefts: A Systematic Literature Review and Recommendations for Research Priorities
Authors: Nidey Nichole , L. Wehby George
Published: September 2021

Background: There is a growing interest in health services research of orofacial clefts (OFC) in the United States. The objective of this study is to summarize the empirical knowledge to date about barriers to health care for children with OFC. Methods: We completed a systematic literature review to identify articles on barriers to health care for children with OFC in the United States. Pubmed, Embase, CINAHL, and Medline were searched from their dates of origin through June 2018 using a combination of key terms related to access and barriers to health care. Case reports and studies of populations outside of the United States were excluded. Results: 4079 publications were identified using our search strategy. After a title and abstract review, 18 were included in our review as they met inclusion criteria. These studies examined health care costs, health insurance coverage, access to team care, geographic barriers, adequacy of training of community-based providers in providing services to children with OFC, and socioeconomic and demographic factors. The key findings indicate much higher health care costs for children with OFC than unaffected children early in childhood, racial/ethnic disparities in certain access measures, and inadequate insurance coverage, distance to teams, and inadequate training of community-based providers in OFC-specific services as potential areas of concern. Except for studies on health care costs, the evidence is largely based on relatively small and primarily descriptive studies. Conclusions: The extant literature documents high health care costs for OFC treatments and suggests inadequate insurance coverage, long distance to cleft teams, and racial/ethnic disparities as critical factors related to access. We discuss multiple future research priorities. Among these, understanding the impacts of variation between states in mandates for private insurance benefits and generosity in Medicaid coverage on access to care as well as effects of differences in provider reimbursements are particularly understudied areas that can be meaningful for policymaking aimed at improving access and health outcomes of children with OFC. Examining access throughout childhood and later in life and employing robust designs and population-representative data are also important research and methodological extensions of the current literature.
Dento-Skeletal Abnormalities in School-aged Children in Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shirazi Mohsen , Farajzadeh Jalali Yasamin , Hessari Hossein
Published: September 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate skeleto-dental abnormalities in 9-11-year-old school children, in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this population-based cross-sectional descriptive study, a random cluster sampling was done among 19 school districts. A total of 1,429 socioeconomically and ethnically diverse Iranian schoolchildren, aged 9-11 years were studied. A brief questionnaire including background information such as gender and age was completed by the parents. Clinical examinations included the evaluation of sagittal and vertical skeletal relationship, Facial form (facial index), and the presence of significant asymmetry. Results: There were 758 males and 671 females with the mean age of 10 years±8 months. According to the sagittal skeletal relationship, the most prevalent type was convex (63%) that presenting the skeletal Cl II jaw relation; followed by straight (32.9%); and then concave (4.1%). In the vertical skeletal relationship, 73.9% of the children had an average facial relationship, 18.4 % had a long face pattern; and 7.8% had a short face pattern. Regarding facial form in the frontal view, the most common was the average form (79.3%); followed by narrow (14%); and broad (6.7%). The prevalence of significant facial asymmetry was 15.2%. Conclusion: The prevalence of dento-skeletal abnormalities were high. The majority of the Iranian schoolchildren, aged 9-11 years, had at least one dento-skeletal abnormality, even though it is commonly preventable.
Early Childhood Caries - Essential Information for Primary Healthcare Providers
Authors: Mariam Saniya , Ahmed Liyakat Nishath , Kanamkote Narayanan Vidya , Kalyanasundaram Sridhar , Krishnamurthy Kandamaran
Published: September 2021

Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is one of the most common chronic infectious diseases of childhood. It represents a significant disease burden with long-term consequences for a child's health and well-being. Primary health care providers (pediatricians, family physicians, pediatric nurses) are the first point of contact for parents for any child health-related issues as they see them repeatedly in the first few years of life for vaccinations and "well-baby" visits. However, their awareness regarding caries in primary dentition and its complications may be limited. This article has summarized important information on ECC, focusing on the health care provider's role in its early diagnosis and prevention.
Stress among Dental Students: Brief Review and Messages to All Related
Authors: Saad Alshamrani Alhanouf , A. Alshalan Thakib
Published: September 2021

ress is a human’s reaction to any change that requires an adjustment or response. It affects almost every human being. Here, we reviewed several selected publications related to dental stress among dental students. Dentistry is a branch of medical specialties that focus on its study in the oral and para-oral structures and tissues. Number of years for students to graduate from a dental program varies from one country to another. Literature has high number of publications related to “stress” and “dentistry”. In this brief review, the main areas of stress among dental students that are presented include: (1) sources and (2) prevalence. At the end, we have included some suggestions that may lead to lowering stress among dental students.
Distribution of Optimized Public Assets Utilization in Yogyakarta Province
Authors: Khoirudin Rifki , Wahyuni Sri , Nugraha Catur Budi
Published: September 2021

Public asset is an integral part of regional assets that is owned and controlled by regional government, this asset could be financed partly or wholly by regional budget. Asset should be distributed proportionally to optimally support the economic development. This study examines the distribution of assets to boost regional economic growth that eventually will increase the regional government revenue. The optimized distribution of public assets is expected to be a source of regional financing and asset management is one of the keys to successfully manage regional economic. The conclusion is that the asset management with innovation and technology could optimize the utilization of regional assets in boosting the economy.
Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Mediating Effect of Work Satisfaction
Authors: Widjajani Susi , Rahmawati Fitri , Yulianti Eka
Published: September 2021

The use of village funds in 2020 is prioritized to finance the implementation of programs and activities in the field of development and empowerment of village communities. In order  for  the  use  of  village  funds  to  be  managed  optimally,  organizational  citizenship behavior  (OCB)  from  the  Village  Apparatus  is  needed  as  the  implementer.  OCB behavior willemerge if Village Apparatus feel the existence of organizational justice and are  satisfied  with  their  work.  This  study  aims  to  examine  the  mediating  role  of  job satisfaction on the effect of organizational justice on OCB. The study population was 94 village apparatus in the Village Government of Padureso District, Kebumen Regency. The sampling technique used census techniques and data analysis using Path Analysis. The  questionnaire  used  was  adopted  from  previous  research  and  its  validity  and reliability were tested. The results showed that there was an indirect influence between organizational  justice  on  OCB,  with  job  satisfaction  as  the  mediating  variable.  The implication  of  this  research  is  that  there  is  a  positive  relationship  between  employees (village apparatus) and the organization if employees feel justice in the organization and job satisfaction
The Effect of Regional Income, Leverage, Regional Property on Internet Financial Reporting Disclosure
Authors: Iszardani Cindy Gustiara , Hardiningsih Pancawati
Published: September 2021

This study aims to analyze the effect of local revenue, leverage, local government wealth on the disclosure of web-based local government financial statements. The population and sample of this study are the regional government financial reports of Central Java Province which consist of 29 districts and 6 cities for the 2015-2018 fiscal year which have been audited by the BPK. The analysis method uses a multiple regression panel data model with the Eviews 9 application. The results of this study indicate that local revenue and general allocation funds have a significant positive effect on the disclosure of web-based local government financial reports. However, the wealth of the local government in turn has a negative effect on the disclosure of web-based local government financial reports. Meanwhile, leverage has no effect on the disclosure of web-based local government financial statements. The results of this study can be used as a consideration for the government informing regulations, rewards, and sanctions in order to increase the transparency of digital financial reports.
Intellectual Capital and Risk Management to Overcome Non Performing Loans
Authors: Azmi Fika , Kurniawan Pratomo Cahyo
Published: September 2021

The implementation of risk management is an obligation that must be carried out by rural banks in every business activity in accordance with Financial Services Authority regulation 13/OJK.03/2015. This study aims to examine whether the implementation of risk management can strengthen or weaken the effect of intellectual capital on non-performing loans. The sampling method used the saturated method and obtained data of 26 research samples. The selected respondents were the leaders of the rural banks in Semarang City. Data analysis using Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) shows that intellectual capital has a negative effect to non-performing loans. Furthermore, the implementation of risk management strengthens the relationship between intellectual capital and non-performing loans. This means that optimal management of intellectual capital and supported by effective risk management will reduce non-performing loans
Implication of Environmental Management System and Environmental Performance on Financial Performance of Entities with Foreign Ownership as Moderator
Authors: Anggara Berwin , Safitri Vera Apri Dina , Naz Isbahna
Published: September 2021

This research aims to examine the determination of the Environmental Management System (EMS) and environmental performance on the company's financial performance as moderated by foreign ownership in the stock structure of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This research uses a quantitative method by analyzing 27 manufacturing companies listed on the IDX through purposive sampling-based sample selection, then data analysis using the moderated regression analysis method. The results showed that foreign ownership could not moderate the effect of EMS proxied by ISO 14001 certification on the financial performance of the entity proxied by ROA, but on the other hand, the structure of foreign ownership shares could positively and significantly moderate the effect of environmental performance proxied by PROPER KLHK. on the entity's financial performance. Meanwhile, if tested directly, neither EMS nor environmental performance has an effect on the company's financial performance.
Stable systems of schedule contracts
Authors:   Central Economics and Mathematics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Danilov V.I.
Published: September 2021

The paper studies the systems of paired contracts between agents of two complementary groups (workers and firms, students and universities, depositors and banks). Multiple contracts are allowed, as well as flexible contracts when the contract is concluded with some intensity. Agent preferences are described using choice functions. It is shown that if these choice functions satisfy the condition that we call conservativeness, then there are so-called stable systems of contracts, when it is unprofitable for any pair of counterparties to change the concluded contracts. The existence of a stable system of contracts is established using the transfinite process of sequential approximation, which generalizes the classical Gale−Shapley algorithm. As a result, we relieved of the finiteness conditions of the set of contracts. Such properties of stable systems as polarization and latticeness are also studied.
Regions of Russia during a pandemic: Socio-economic dynamics and budget revenues
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Zubarevich N.V. ,   Institute for Social Analysis and Forecasting (INSAP), Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2021

It is difficult to identify the most and the least affected regions in the pandemic crisis, since the dynamics of different indicators did not coincide. Industrial output decline was deeper in oil-extracting regions. Agglomerations of federal cities, recreation regions of the South and the republics of the North Caucasus had the strongest decline in the service sector. The dynamics of labor markets in the regions during the pandemic strongly depended on institutional factors – state support for employed in small businesses and assistance to the unemployed. Small business employment in most regions did not decline. The level of registered unemployment grew faster in the largest agglomerations, and the slowest emerging from the crisis were the underdeveloped republics. After a strong decline in the population incomes in the 2nd quarter of 2020 due to lockdowns, a gradual convergence of regional dynamics began, but without a noticeable improvement. In terms of population income and employment, Moscow is recovering from the crisis much faster thanks to its huge competitive advantages. The dynamics of own revenues of regional budgets during pandemic is associated with the structure of the economy and the importance of profit tax in the budget revenues. The largest losses in 2020 were experienced by the oil-extracting regions due to a sharp reduction in profit tax. Since 2021, the own revenues of the budgets of metallurgical regions grew the fastest due to a threefold increase in this tax. Lockdowns in the first wave of the pandemic turned out to be less significant because the number of regions with a decline in their own revenues in the 2nd quarter of 2020 was 1,5 times less than in 2020.
Fiscal decentralization in pandemic and post-pandemic times
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia, Klimanov V.V. , Mikhaylova A.A. ,   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2021

In 2020, many countries, including Russia, faced a unique situation in which subnational authorities were forced to take on new powers to combat the pandemic and its consequences. At the same time, fiscal decentralization, which can be characterized by indicators of decentralization of income, expenditures or as tax decentralization, has decreased. The share of intergovernmental transfers in the revenues of regional budgets has increased. Before that, attempts to increase the role of the regional level in the country’s budget system were made in Russia, but they usually ended in failure. The article shows that the multidirectional trends of the 2020 crisis determined the new state of regional budgets and their dependence on the federal center. At the same time, it is transfers from the federal budget that have become the leading factor in resilience to shocks in regional budgets.
Spatial development in the post-COVID period: New challenges or old problems?
Authors:   Federal Research Center “Informatics and Control”, RAS, Kuznetsova O.V. ,   Plekhanov Russian Economic University, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2021

The article shows that the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has not lead to the emergence of fundamentally new patterns of spatial development, but has escalated its old problems. Thus, the importance of the largest cities in the country’s economy has not decreased at all. On the contrary, their traditional advantages have revealed, including those connected with an increased level of education of residents. But at the same time, the most important problem of the largest cities has also aggravated, and cannot be ignored — that is strong social stratification of citizens. The development of remote employment, the scale of which will obviously be greater than pre-crisis, may lead to changes in the settlement system within urban agglomerations, but not beyond them. This is due to the potential dominance of not completely remote, but combined employment, which is necessary to ensure the transfer of implicit knowledge. But even within urban agglomerations, the possible scale of changing permanent residence due to a number of factors (climate, features of the housing stock, availability of infrastructure facilities) is very limited, the most important will be an increase in the duration of stay in dachas. This will further aggravate the existing complex of problems associated with the extremely weak consideration of the actual life of people on two houses in the activities of the authorities.
The fiscal impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Russian regions: An overview of federal support measures
Authors:   Leontief Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia, Yushkov A.O. ,   Indiana University, USA, Alexeev M.V. ,   Indiana University, Bloomington, USA
Published: September 2021

The Russian regions were negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. In most regions, corporate income tax revenues and small business tax revenues significantly declined, while heath care and social policy expenditures increased. The federal government responded to this challenge by increasing federal transfers to regions by roughly 50% compared to 2019 (up to 3,8, trill RUB.) Despite significant federal fiscal support, many transfers were nontransparent and irregular, while the structure of intergovernmental transfers and the strategy used by the federal government were changing considerably throughout the year. In this article, we analyze the structure of federal fiscal support to the regions and compare the largest intergovernmental transfers in 2020 and 2019 by their type (unconditional transfers, subsidies, subventions, and other transfers). We pay particular attention to non-transparent forms of federal fiscal support, namely, discretionary unconditional transfers and other transfers from the reserve fund of the Russian federal government.
Tax evasion and R&D subsidy in a mixed market
Authors:   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Moscow, Russia, Bogoroditskaya N.V.
Published: September 2021

In this paper I consider a mixed duopoly where a private firm competes with a public one. The private firm maximizes its profit and the public firm maximizes social welfare. R&D investments of firms are subsidized by the government, profits of both firms are taxed and the private firm might evade taxes. It is shown that tax evasion (decision not to declare part of profit) directly affects a rate of the optimal R&D subsidy and makes it dependent on a profit tax rate. While making a choice on the rate of the R&D subsidy the government takes into account both positive and negative effects of the subsidy on social welfare. On the one hand the R&D subsidy results in a decrease in total production costs because an allocation of total output between two firms is improved; on the other hand it results in an increase in social costs of tax evasion. The optimal R&D subsidy decreases with an increase in a profit tax rate and increases with an increase in tax evasion costs. An equilibrium allocation is not efficient, but an increase in tax evasion costs leads to the reduction of difference between efficient and equilibrium welfare levels.
Digitalization as a driver of economic growth: Does only infrastructure matters?
Authors:   Institute of Control and Supervision, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia, Ponomareva E.A.
Published: September 2021

The development of digital technologies leads to significant changes in all sectors of the economy. However, digital transformation is a complex process, depending on various factors, such as the availability of digital infrastructure, the level of readiness of digital technologies, the availability of qualified personnel who are able not only to collect data, but also to identify dependencies in them and use these results to increase productivity and scale different types of activities. During the coronavirus pandemic, the relevance of the introduction of digital technologies increases due to the need for social distancing, including the exclusion of a person from certain stages of production, as well as the need to coordinate a large number of people and devices not related to workplace. This article considers the impact of digital technology development on macroeconomic parameters, in particular, economic output by analyzing the system of simultaneous equations that takes into account not only the production function of the economy, but also the equilibrium in the ICT services sector on the data of Russian regions. The obtained results show that along with the possibility to use broadband access to the Internet, the quality of its use also matters: 1% growth in the number of broadband access subscribers on average leads to a 0,1% increase in output, in addition, an increase in the intensity of digital technology use on 1% leads to an additional 0,05% increase in output.
Spatial aspects of wage curve estimation in Russia
Authors:   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Moscow, Russia, Demidova O.A. , Timofeeva E.A. ,   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2021

The wage curve is traditionally defined as the negative relationship between wages and unemployment rates (taking into account various control variables). It was empirically shown that the wage curve exists in some countries, including Russia. However, usually in such studies with data for the Russian regions, the mutual influence of Russian regions is not taken into account. This could create the problem of omitted variable bias. In this paper, we took into account the corresponding impact using spatial-econometric models and gave a detailed interpretation of the results. The estimate of the parameter reflecting the effect of unemployment on wages in the model without spatial effects is almost twice the corresponding estimate in the models where these effects are taken into account. According to panel data for 2005–2018 for 81 regions we estimated the partial marginal effects of changes in unemployment in one region on wages in the other regions. Similar calculations were made for the other variables. Using partial marginal effects, we found for each region: 1) the regions most affected by this one, 2) the regions, changes in which will most likely affect the selected one. This is important, for example, for assessing consequences of government programs etc
Institutional reforms and human capital
Authors:   Central Economics and Mathematics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Balatsky E.V. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2021

The article focuses on the interaction between institutional reforms and human capital. The Stevenson depopulation phenomenon is the starting point of the analysis. The stylized examples allow to highlight the impact of reforms on human capital, including vitality, health and life expectancy. Within the framework of an interdisciplinary approach, it is shown that many psychologists, sociologists, political scientists, doctors and linguists share the opinion about the impact of institutional changes on the viability of the population. The proposed simple model of economic growth demonstrates the principle of the need to dose reforms, i.e. to limit their scale, depth and speed of implementation. This strategy in contrast to shock therapy is called adaptive reform. The article examines the interaction between institutional reforms and human capital. As a starting point of the analysis, the phenomenon of Stevenson’s depopulation is used, which consists in the mass extinction of the natives of Polynesia under the influence of the forceful imposition of new standards of life by the colonists. These stylized examples allow us to focus on the impact of reforms on human capital in terms of the vitality, health and life expectancy of an individual. The analogy between the phenomenon of Stevenson’s depopulation and the decrease in the population during the institutional reforms in Russia in the 90s is considered. Within the framework of an interdisciplinary approach, it is shown that many psychologists, sociologists, political scientists, doctors and linguists share the opinion about the impact of institutional changes on the viability of the population. The main thesis of these studies: a person’s health is not only inside him (his body and consciousness), but also outside (in the social environment and psychological environment). A simple model of economic growth is proposed, from which the paradox of reforms follows, when productive institutional changes generate an economic downturn. The analysis of the conditions for the emergence of this paradox shows that the scale, depth and speed of reforms should be strictly dosed, otherwise their negative impact on people can outweigh the positive organizational effect inherent in them. It is shown that in addition to institutional changes, technological progress also has a destructive impact on human capital, which is also incorporated into the proposed model of economic growth.
Difference in intensity of exchange rate factors in countries with targeting inflation regime
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia, Grebenkina A.M. , Khandruev A.A. ,   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2021

The paper analyzes features of prime factors of nominal exchange rate in countries with inflation targeting regime and high cross-border financial openness. The paper aims to test the hypothesis about different strength of these factors in developed countries and emerging market economies (EMEs). Using a panel vector autoregressive model and panel data for 2010 — 1st half-year 2020 period for 9 developed countries and 10 EMEs, the paper estimates significance of factors from the side of global commodity and financial markets, as well as the side of national monetary policy. The paper finds some evidence of greater sensitivity of EMEs’ nominal exchange rate to global commodity and financial market factors and a greater sensitivity of developed countries’ nominal exchange rate to national monetary policy. The paper regards this result as an argument for EMEs’ exchange rate policy specification, considering the necessity to cope with heightened exchange rate volatility in these countries under the influence of external factors.
Correlation between economic complexity and economic development in different types of Russian regions
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, Shubin I.A.
Published: September 2021

Economic complexity, according to the results of various studies at the country level, can be used as an indicator of economic development: more developed countries usually have a higher level of economic complexity. For Russian regions, the relationship between economic complexity, the level of innovative development and investment attractiveness is also revealed. This paper identifies the correlation between the complexity of export and the level of economic development for Russian regions and their separated more homogeneous groups. The results obtained by the author for regions of Russia contradict the rule identified for countries. For all Russian regions, there is a slight inverse correlation between the complexity of export and the value of per capita GRP. A slight positive correlation was found only for regions with a low export-to-GRP ratio and a high level of economic complexity. Such results are explained by the simple structure of Russian export, because of this the main recipients of export income are regions with a lower level of economic complexity — mainly oil and gas producing regions, as well as capitals that act as intermediaries.
Mercantilism, world-system hegemony and protoanalysis of national competitiveness
Authors:   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Moscow, Russia, Gloveli G.D.
Published: September 2021

The article represents in a world-system retrospect the European mercantilist discourse versus William Petty’s “Political Arithmetic”. It is revealed that the elevation of the Dutch Republic (the United Provinces of the Northern Netherlands) as the first hegemonic power of the emerging capitalist world-system during 17th century, made this land the “reference area” of the balance-of-trade doctrine. It is demonstrated that W. Petty gave the most insightful and profound explanations of the commercial success and industrial competitiveness of Holland, including various structural and institutional aspects. It is exposed that, unlike other proponents of the doctrine of an active trade balance, Petty did not limit himself to characterizing the Dutch leadership in shipbuilding and navigation and transit trade. He recorded the advanced development in Holland of diversified agriculture (rotation of crops, dairy farming and industrial crops), energy (wind mechanization) and the manufacturing industry (especially on far-delivered raw materials). It is explained in the context of world-systems approach that Petty reflected the core–peripheral structure of the emerging system of the international division of labor and noted that the fastening of the specialization of European countries East of the Elbe in laborious agriculture was the seamy side of the Dutch domination in oversea trade and their specialization in highly profitable industries. In comparison with M. Porter’s “diamond of national competitive advantages”, it was explicated that W. Petty in “Political Arithmetic”, using the example of Holland, actually analyzed three of the four main elements of national competitiveness: 1) parameters of production factors; 2) segment structure and other demand conditions; 3) the presence in the country of related or supporting industries that are competitive in the international market. The foresight of Petty as a forecaster is noted, which allowed him to discern the essential signs of the rise of England as a new hegemonic power in the next systemic cycle of capitalist accumulation. The distinctive features of England as the reference area of Physiocracy and classical political economy are briefly characterized, in contrast to the Dutch reference area of the trade balance doctrine.
New technologies and regional development in the modern period
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia, Zemtsov S.P.
Published: September 2021

The article describes the possible impact of modern technological changes (disruptive technologies, digitalization, and automation) on regional development in Russia based on the patterns of geography of innovations and previous trends. The rates of non-resource growth over the past twenty years have been higher in those regions where inventive activity, intensity of R&D expenditures, share of researchers and employees with higher education were higher, but the same relationship cannot be traced with the intensity of the use of advanced production technologies (automation) and the availability of the Internet. During the declared pandemic in Russia in 2020, patent activity in the vast majority of regions decreased, the processes of production automation slowed down, but digitalization accelerated in terms of internet access and the development of online commerce. The creation of disruptive technologies is still concentrated in large cities and super-regions due to agglomeration effects, knowledge spillovers and concentration of human capital. But the effects of their introduction and distribution can be differentiated. In the leading regions with high proportion of creative professionals and entrepreneurs, development may accelerate, in old industrial regions, automation will increase the risks of temporary unemployment and inequality. For the least developed territories, the lack of digitalization potential and lack of highly qualified personnel may further worsen the situation.
Measuring Opportunity Cost in Statistics Using Evaluative Space Grid Items: Results from a Pilot Study
Authors: Whitaker Douglas , Barss Joseph , Drew Bailey
Published: September 2021

Challenges to measuring students’ attitudes toward statistics remain despite decades of focused research. Measuring the expectancy-value theory (EVT) Cost construct has been especially challenging owing in part to the historical lack of research about it. To measure the EVT Cost construct better, this study asked university students to respond to items using both a Likert-type response and an Evaluative Space Grid (ESG)- type response. ESG items enable bivariate responses in a single item and permit distinguishing among two different types of neutral attitudes: indifferent and ambivalent. This pilot study evaluates the appropriateness of ESG-type items for measuring the EVT Cost construct by analyzing student response patterns to ESG-type items and comparing them with Likert-type items. Validity evidence is documented using descriptive statistics and graphs, correlations among items, and a trinomial hypothesis test. Internal consistency reliability indices are also reported. Friedman’s Test is used to compare the average response times for items of different types. Results indicate that students can meaningfully respond to ESG-type items in ways that are similar to their Likert-type responses, that students respond to ESG-type items quicker with more practice, and that distinguishing among indifferent and ambivalent attitudes seems appropriate for the EVT Cost construct. These findings suggest that ESG-type items may provide new insights not possible with Likert-type items but also that more research should be conducted to better understand their advantages and disadvantages within statistics education.
Der öffentliche Gesundheitsdienst in der Corona-Krise: zwischen Hierarchie, loser Koppelung und polyzentrischer Koordination
Authors: Klenk Tanja , Cacace Mirella , Ettelt Stefanie
Published: September 2021

Der öffentliche Gesundheitsdienst (ÖGD) spielt bei der Bewältigung der Covid-19 Pandemie eine zentrale Rolle. Sein Krisenmanagement ist im hohen Maße auf Koordination angewiesen, was jedoch durch die Komplexität der Strukturen und die Vielzahl der Akteure im deutschen Gesundheitssystem erschwert wird. Die verwaltungswissenschaftliche Literatur unterschiedet drei Paradigmen der Koordination: hierarchisch-funktional, lose verbunden (neoinstitutionalistisch) und polyzentrisch. Der Beitrag nutzt diese Unterscheidung als theoretischen Rahmen und zeigt, dass alle drei Formen der Koordination in der Struktur und im gesetzlichen Auftrag des ÖGD angelegt sind. Wir zeigen anhand von zwei Aufgaben des Krisenmanagements, Testung und Kontaktnachverfolgung, dass sich hierarchische Koordinationsformen in der Krise als unzureichend herausgestellt haben und zunehmend polyzentrische Ansätze erprobt wurden. Eine nachhaltige Verankerung der polyzentrischen Koordination verlangt allerdings eine grundlegende Reform der institutionellen Architektur des ÖGD, auch im Regelbetrieb. Abschließend plädiert der Beitrag dafür, das durch die Krise entstandene „Window of Opportunity“ für eine solche Reform zu nutzen.
UNSURLARI YER DEĞİŞTİRMİŞ İSİM TAMLAMALARININ YÜKLEM OLDUĞU CÜMLELER ÜZERİNE
Authors: BALYEMEZ Sedat
Published: September 2021

Bir cümlenin devrik mi yoksa kurallı mı olduğu daha ilk bakışta kolaylıkla anlaşılabildiği için söz dizimi kitaplarında bu konu az sayıda örnekle işlenmiş, sıra dışı olarak nitelendirilebilecek örnekler üzerinde çok fazla durulmamıştır. Cümledeki ögelerin veya bazı kelime gruplarındaki unsurların yeri özellikle şiir dilinde değişebilmektedir. Bu değişiklik imkânı, yüklemin yeri bakımından devrik mi yoksa kurallı mı olduğunun tartışılması gereken ancak edebî yönü elbette kuvvetli olan bazı cümleler ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Örneklemek gerekirse Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı’nın meşhur “Dante gibi ortasındayız ömrün” dizesi, özellikle sosyal medyada dil bilgisi meraklıları tarafından çok fazla tartışılmaktadır. Bu cümleyi “devrik cümle” olarak değerlendirilenler olduğu gibi “kurallı cümle” olarak kabul edenler de vardır. Söz dizimi kitaplarının ilgili bölümlerinde bu tür cümleler üzerinde çok fazla durulmamıştır. Bu çalışmada unsurları yer değiştirebilen kelime gruplarının yüklem olduğu ve bu yüklemin de sonda olduğu cümlelerin devrik mi yoksa kurallı mı oldukları, devrik cümlenin tanımı, işlevi ve kelime gruplarının özelliklerinden hareket edilerek tartışılacaktır. Söz konusu cümlelerin “yüklemin yerine göre kurallı cümle” olarak alınması gerektiği savunulacaktır.
İKİ KAFİYELİ GAZEL YA DA BİR KAFİYE KUSURU OLARAK GAZELDE İKİ KAFİYE
Authors: UYSAL BOZASLAN Seda
Published: September 2021

Mısra sonlarındaki ses tekrarı biçiminde tanımlanan kafiye, özellikle divan şiirinde vezinle birlikte şiiri sözden ayıran en önemli ögelerdendir. Bir inceleme alanı olarak kafiye, doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak birçok çalışmaya konu olmuştur. Kafiye ilminin kapsamlı bir biçimde ele alındığı bilinen en eski tarihli Türkçe eser, Kemal Paşazâde’nin Kâfiye Risâlesi’dir. Kemal Paşazâde’nin Kâfiye Risâlesi ve sonrasında yazılmış, tespit edilebilen diğer yazma eserlerin metinleri Türk edebiyatına kazandırılmıştır. Yazma eserler ve kafiye ilmini ele alan metinler üzerine yapılan çalışmalar yanında bazı divanlardaki kafiye uygulamaları ve kusurları da araştırmacılarca değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada 15-19. yüzyıl arasında yazılmış bazı gazellerde karşılaşılan kafiye kelimelerinin aynı anda iki farklı kafiye türüne birden işaret etmesi örneklerle açıklanacak ve bunun kusur ya da uygulama kabul edilip edilemeyeceği üzerinde durulacaktır.