bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of the optimal hybrid train trajectory by using artificial neural network models
Authors: Din Tajud , Tian Zhongbei , Bukhari Syed Muhammad Ali Mansur , Din Misbahud , Hillmansen Stuart , Roberts Clive
Published: January 2024

This paper presents the development and validation of two artificial neural networks (ANN) models, utilising time and power‐based architectures, to accurately predict key parameters of a hydrogen hybrid train profile and its optimal trajectory. The research employs a hybrid train simulator (HTS) to authenticate the ANN models, which were trained using simulated trajectories from five unique hybrid trains on a designated route. The models’ performance was evaluated by computing the mean square normalisation error and mean absolute performance error, while the output's reliability was confirmed through the HTS. The results indicate that both ANN models proficiently predict a hybrid train's critical parameters and trajectory, with mean errors ranging from 0.19% to 0.21%. However, the cascade‐forward neural network (CFNN) topology in the time‐based architecture surpasses the feed‐forward neural network (FFNN) topology concerning mean squared error (MSE) and maximum error in the power‐based architecture. Specifically, the CFNN topology within the time‐based structure exhibits a slightly lower MSE and maximum error than its power‐based counterpart. Additionally, the study reveals the average percentage difference between the benchmark and FFNN/CNFN trajectories, highlighting that the time‐based architecture exhibits lower differences (0.18% and 0.85%) compared to the power‐based architecture (0.46% and 0.92%).
Improving the assessment of the cadastral value of agricultural land in green economy conditions
Authors: Arzamastseva Natalia V.
Published: January 2024

The formation and development of the “green economy” involves changes in methodologies and methods for assessing economic processes and categories. The green economy considers not only economic, but also environmental and social indicators. The article considers that the current methodology for calculating the cadastral value of agricultural land evaluates the economic efficiency of using a land plot, the ecological aspect is considered in a small volume, and there is no social component of land valuation at all. It is revealed that the improvement of the assessment of the agricultural land cadastral value in green economy is to consider new agroecological, anthropogenic, social indicators characterizing land condition and use. It is shown that reliable and timely information about the state of the soil cover of an agricultural land plot should be considered in the transformation of land use types. The ultimate purpose of the study, one of the stages of which are the proposals presented in the article, is to substantiate approaches to improve the state cadastral valuation of agricultural land in the context of green economy development.
Mechanisms of non-agrarian entrepreneurship development in the regions
Authors: Tadjiev Bexzod , Saidov Dilshodbek , Rajapov Xayrulla , Gurbanov Parviz
Published: January 2024

In this аrtiсle, direсtiоns аnd meсhаnisms fоr сreаting а enсоurаging envirоnment fоr the develоpment оf smаll аnd middle business аnd entrepreneurship in nоn-аgrаriаn direсtiоns in the regiоns, inсluding “grоwth pоints” fоr sосiо-eсоnоmiс develоpment оf сities аnd distriсts аnd lifting the pоpulаtiоn оut оf pоverty, direсtiоns fоr оrgаnizing nоn-аgrаriаn smаll аnd middle business аnd entrepreneurship entities in the seсtоr оf mаhаllаs in the regiоns аnd “develоpment pоints” оf mаhаllаs, The оrgаnizаtiоnаl-eсоnоmiс system аnd strаtegies fоr the develоpment аnd suppоrt оf smаll аnd middle business аnd entrepreneurship in the regiоns, аs well аs the systems fоr the соnfigurаtiоn аnd develоpment оf strаtegiс аlternаtives fоr smаll аnd middle business аnd entrepreneurship in the regiоns, аnd the fоrms, types аnd direсtiоns оf entrepreneurship thаt саn be develоped in the regiоns were соnsidered.
Environmental pollution and implementation of sustainable development goals
Authors: Khasanova Satsita S. , Saydulgerieva Maryam A.
Published: January 2024

Environmental problems are getting worse as the industrialization of the social system develops. Due to the severity of the problem of environmental pollution, in accordance with the goals of sustainable development, methods with indicators are used to report and measure the environmental performance of companies and industrial regions to compare environmental efficiency with the economic efficiency of their activities. Environmental pollution is not a new phenomenon, but it remains the greatest global challenge facing humanity and a leading environmental cause of morbidity and mortality. Human activities associated with urbanization, industrialization, mining and exploration are at the forefront of global environmental pollution. Developed and developing countries share this burden together, although awareness and stricter laws in developed countries contribute more to protecting the environment within their territories. Despite global attention to pollution, its impact is still felt due to its serious long-term consequences. The purpose of this work is to display the severity of the problem of environmental pollution, in particular, water pollution, air pollution, radioactive pollution, noise pollution. Pollution of our planet is one of the most pressing problems and its solution must come first, since practice shows the negative impact of pollution on people and their health, animals and the planet as a whole. When writing the article, materials and methods obtained from studying scientific works were used.
Linear fractional optimization over the efficient set of multi-objective integer quadratic problem
Authors: Bencheikh Ali , Moulaï Mustapha
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we introduce an exact algorithm for optimizing a linear fractional utility function over the efficient set of a multi objective integer quadratic problem. The algorithm is based on the “Branch and Cut” principle, which combines the branching process to ensure decision variables’ integrity and efficient cuts built off the non-increasing gradients’ directions of objective functions to eliminate inefficient integer solutions. The proposed approach accelerates the convergence to the efficient solution that optimizes the utility function. After presenting and describing the algorithm, a detailed didactic example is illustrated, followed by an experimental study to validate our approach and show computational costs.
Prognostic relevance of ARFI elastography in comparison to liver histology and the FIB-4 score
Authors: Klüppel Moritz , Adler Werner , Schellhaas Barbara , Jesper Daniel , Neurath Markus F , Pfeifer Lukas
Published: January 2024

Purpose Liver histology has prognostic relevance and is used in surveillance and therapeutic strategies. This longitudinal study was designed to evaluate the prognostic relevance of ARFI elastography in comparison to liver histology and to the FIB-4 score in a 5-year observation interval.

Materials and Methods Based on the hospital database, patients with an elastography examination of the liver between 2010–2012, a liver biopsy, and a follow-up of 5 years were included in the study. The AUROCs of the events liver-related death, HCC, and liver decompensation/variceal bleeding were calculated for ARFI elastography, liver histology, and FIB-4 and compared using the DeLong test.

Results In the final analysis 113 patients were included with 30 (26.5 %) patients having high-grade fibrosis and 19 (16.8 %) having liver cirrhosis in histology. The AUROC for liver-related death in the 5-year interval (9.7 %, n=11) was 0.80 [0.68–0.92] for ARFI elastography, 0.79 [0.66–0.92] for liver histology, and 0.66 [0.53–0.79] for FIB-4 with a p-value of 0.83 comparing ARFI to histology and a p-value of 0.02 comparing ARFI to FIB-4. The AUROC for liver decompensation/variceal bleeding (13.3 %, n=15) was 0.86 [0.76–0.94] for ARFI, which is significantly higher than the AUROC of liver histology with 0.71 [0.56–0.86] (p=0.02) and FIB-4 with 0.67 [0.54–0.80] (p=0.003). There was no significant difference for the event HCC when comparing ARFI to histology (p=0.33) or FIB-4 (p=0.14).

Conclusion The prognostic value of ARFI elastography seems to not be inferior to liver histology regarding liver-related survival and might even outperform histology and the FIB-4 score for predicting some liver-related complications.
Animal and Cell Culture Models of PPGLs – Achievements and
Limitations
Authors: Karna Bhargavi , Pellegata Natalia Simona , Mohr Hermine
Published: January 2024

Research on rare tumors heavily relies on suitable models for basic and
translational research. Paragangliomas (PPGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors
(NET), developing from adrenal (pheochromocytoma, PCC) or extra-adrenal (PGL)
chromaffin cells, with an annual incidence of 2–8 cases per million.
While most PPGL cases exhibit slow growth and are primarily treated with
surgery, limited systemic treatment options are available for unresectable or
metastatic tumors. Scarcity of appropriate models has hindered PPGL research,
preventing the translation of omics knowledge into drug and therapy development.
Human PPGL cell lines are not available, and few animal models accurately
replicate the disease’s genetic and phenotypic characteristics. This
review provides an overview of laboratory models for PPGLs, spanning cellular,
tissue, organ, and organism levels. We discuss their features, advantages, and
potential contributions to diagnostics and therapeutics. Interestingly, it
appears that in the PPGL field, disease models already successfully implemented
in other cancers have not been fully explored.
Current Evidence on Local Therapies in Advanced Adrenocortical
Carcinoma
Authors: Kimpel Otilia , Dischinger Ulrich , Altieri Barbara , Fuss Carmina Teresa , Polat Bülent , Kickuth Ralph , Kroiss Matthias , Fassnacht Martin
Published: January 2024

International guidelines emphasise the role of local therapies (LT) for the
treatment of advanced adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). However, large studies are
lacking in this field. Therefore, we performed a review of the literature to
synthesise current evidence and develop clinical guidance. PubMed database was
searched for systematic literature. We identified 119 potentially relevant
articles, of which 21 could be included in our final analysis. All were
retrospective and reported on 374 patients treated with LT for advanced ACC (12
studies on radiotherapy, 3 on transarterial chemoembolisation and
radioembolisation, 4 on image-guided thermal ablation [radiofrequency, microwave
ablation, and cryoablation, and two studies reporting treatment with several
different LT]). Radiotherapy was frequently performed with palliative intention.
However, in most patients, disease control and with higher dosage also partial
responses could be achieved. Data for other LT were more limited, but also point
towards local disease control in a significant percentage of patients. Very few
studies tried to identify factors that are predictive on response. Patients with
a disease-free interval after primary surgery of more than 9 months and
lesions<5 cm might benefit most. Underreporting of toxicities
may be prevalent, but LT appear to be relatively safe overall. Available
evidence on LT for ACC is limited. LT appears to be safe and effective in cases
with limited disease and should be considered depending on local expertise in a
multidisciplinary team discussion.
Structure and Funding of Clinical Informatics Fellowships: A National Survey of Program Directors
Authors: Patel Tushar N. , Chaise Aaron J. , Hanna John J. , Patel Kunal P. , Kochendorfer Karl M. , Medford Richard J. , Mize Dara E. , Melnick Edward R. , Hron Jonathan D. , Youens Kenneth , Pandita Deepti , Leu Michael G. , Ator Gregory A. , Yu Feliciano , Genes Nicholas , Baker Carrie K. , Bell Douglas S. , Pevnick Joshua M. , Conrad Steven A. , Chandawarkar Aarti R. , Rogers Kendall M. , Kaelber David C. , Singh Ila R. , Levy Bruce P. , Finnell John T. , Kannry Joseph , Pageler Natalie M. , Mohan Vishnu , Lehmann Christoph U.
Published: January 2024

Background In 2011, the American Board of Medical Specialties established clinical informatics (CI) as a subspecialty in medicine, jointly administered by the American Board of Pathology and the American Board of Preventive Medicine. Subsequently, many institutions created CI fellowship training programs to meet the growing need for informaticists. Although many programs share similar features, there is considerable variation in program funding and administrative structures.

Objectives The aim of our study was to characterize CI fellowship program features, including governance structures, funding sources, and expenses.

Methods We created a cross-sectional online REDCap survey with 44 items requesting information on program administration, fellows, administrative support, funding sources, and expenses. We surveyed program directors of programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education between 2014 and 2021.

Results We invited 54 program directors, of which 41 (76%) completed the survey. The average administrative support received was $27,732/year. Most programs (85.4%) were accredited to have two or more fellows per year. Programs were administratively housed under six departments: Internal Medicine (17; 41.5%), Pediatrics (7; 17.1%), Pathology (6; 14.6%), Family Medicine (6; 14.6%), Emergency Medicine (4; 9.8%), and Anesthesiology (1; 2.4%). Funding sources for CI fellowship program directors included: hospital or health systems (28.3%), clinical departments (28.3%), graduate medical education office (13.2%), biomedical informatics department (9.4%), hospital information technology (9.4%), research and grants (7.5%), and other sources (3.8%) that included philanthropy and external entities.

Conclusion CI fellowships have been established in leading academic and community health care systems across the country. Due to their unique training requirements, these programs require significant resources for education, administration, and recruitment. There continues to be considerable heterogeneity in funding models between programs. Our survey findings reinforce the need for reformed federal funding models for informatics practice and training.
The quality of life in Czech rural and urban spaces
Authors: Rypl Oldřich , Macků Karel , Pászto Vít
Published: January 2024

Quality of life is a frequently discussed topic among scientists, politicians and the general public; it touches on a wide range of scientific disciplines and is discussed in various contexts. Its relation to specific conditions of the external environment, which shape the individual and society, makes it possible to look at it through a geographical lens and study its spatial differentiation. The study aimed to explore and assess the relationships between the objective dimension of the quality of life and the degree of municipal membership in a rural and an urban continuum. Methodologically, the study builds on global and local analyses of the phenomena. Spatial autocorrelation indicated that quality of life data tends to cluster. A positive geographically weighted correlation implied that increased quality of life corresponds with increasing urban space membership. Further, a typology and quantification of the occurrence of the defined types was made. Through this, it was found that the potential for a high quality of life is in the intermediate spaces (suburbs) lying between urban and rural spaces.
A study of one-dimensional colliding laser-produced plasmas through modeling and experimentation
Authors: Bai Xiongfei , McCormack Tom , Hayden Patrick , Sokell Emma
Published: January 2024

An investigation was conducted into two colliding laser-produced plasmas collimated by two face-to-face channels, which makes the plasmas close to one-dimensional (1-D) and thus easier to simulate. The study was carried out using time-resolved imaging, and a 1-D fluid-descriptive model with the ambipolar electric field and collisional coupling taken into account. The time-resolved images show that the 1-D colliding plasmas follow a division into three distinct periods, namely, pre-colliding, colliding, and finally the stagnation layer dissipating. In the pre-colliding period, there is no plasma coming out of the channels, but illumination features are observed near the inner surfaces of the two blocks for more than 150 ns, which is much longer than the laser pulse duration. In the colliding period, there is continuous ejection of plasma from the channels and the formation of a stagnation layer due to the collision of the two plasmas. The dissipation of the stagnation layer into its nearby space in the third stage can be clearly observed in the images. Applying the 1-D model, the simulation results predict the temperature spikes and density increase in the layer due to the conversion of the macro-kinetic energy of the plasmas into their internal energy with the flow velocities almost vanishing. The ratios of the ion–ion mean-free-path to the characteristic length at the midpoint of the two plasmas, extracted from the simulation, indicate that the stagnation layer is a soft one with partial plasma interpenetration through the interface between the two plasmas.
Data-driven reduced-order modeling for nonlinear aerodynamics using an autoencoder neural network
Authors: Moni Abhijith , Yao Weigang , Malekmohamadi Hossein
Published: January 2024

The design of commercial air transportation vehicles heavily relies on understanding and modeling fluid flows, which pose computational challenges due to their complexity and high degrees of freedom. To overcome these challenges, we propose a novel approach based on machine learning (ML) to construct reduced-order models (ROMs) using an autoencoder neural network coupled with a discrete empirical interpolation method (DEIM). This methodology combines the interpolation of nonlinear functions identified based on selected interpolation points using DEIM with an ML-based clustering algorithm that provides accurate predictions by spanning a low-dimensional subspace at a significantly lower computational cost. In this study, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by the calculation of transonic flows over the National Advisory Committee of Aeronautics 0012 airfoil and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Common Research Model wing. All the results confirm that the ROM captures high-dimensional parameter variations efficiently and accurately in transonic regimes, in which the nonlinearities are induced by shock waves, demonstrating the feasibility of the ROM for nonlinear aerodynamics problems with varying flow conditions.
Weakly nonlinear dynamics of viscous dissipation instability involving Poiseuille flows of binary mixtures
Authors: Amar K. Ali , Hirata S. C. , Ouarzazi M. N.
Published: January 2024

A weakly nonlinear stability analysis is carried out to study thermal instability induced by viscous dissipation in Poiseuille flows for binary fluid mixtures with a positive separation ratio. The impermeable lower boundary of the channel is considered adiabatic, while the impermeable upper boundary is isothermal. The linear stability of this problem has been performed by Ali Amar et al. [Phys. Fluids 34, 114101 (2022)] and showed that longitudinal rolls are the preferred mode of convection at the onset of instability. By employing weakly nonlinear theory, we derive a cubic Landau equation that describes the temporal evolution of the amplitude of convection rolls in the unstable regime. It is found that the bifurcation from the conduction state to convection rolls is always supercritical for the weak viscous dissipation intensity. Otherwise, the interplay between the viscous dissipation and the Soret effects determines the supercritical or the subcritical nature of the bifurcation. In the parameter range where the bifurcation is supercritical, we determine and discuss the Soret effects on the amplitude of convection rolls, iso-contours and the corresponding average heat transfer, and the mixing of the two fluid components. Similarities and differences with a one-component fluid case are highlighted.
Record high electron mobilities in high-purity GaN by eliminating C-induced mobility collapse
Authors: Kaneki Shota , Konno Taichiro , Kimura Takeshi , Kanegae Kazutaka , Suda Jun , Fujikura Hajime
Published: January 2024

Impact of carbon impurities on the electrical properties of lightly doped n-type GaN [electron concentration ∼(1–2)×1015 cm−3 at room temperature] was investigated using temperature-dependent Hall effect measurements. GaN crystals with a threading dislocation density of (1–3)×106 cm−2 were grown by our originally developed quartz-free hydride vapor phase epitaxy method, which enabled the background Si, O, and C concentrations to be suppressed to below the mid-1014 cm−3 range. We prepared three samples with different C concentrations ([C]) by intentional C doping. The C incorporation induced severe mobility collapse at temperatures greater than 60 K, where the measured mobility decreased and deviated from the theoretical value as [C] increased. The mobility collapse was eliminated for the purest GaN crystal with [C] ∼1.4×1014 cm−3, exhibiting a record high room-temperature mobility of 1480 cm2/(V·s), as well as a record high maximum mobility of 14 300 cm2/(V·s) at 62 K. The latter was almost double the previous record. We found that the overall mobility behavior can be well reproduced by adding an empirical [C]-dependent mobility component expressed as μUNK=K/TnUNK with 1≤nUNK≤2 and K∝C−1 to the conventional mobility theory (phonon and impurity scattering). Although the mechanism of the component remains uncertain, our findings provide insight into the unsolved issue of mobility collapse.
The electromagnetic field’s quantum nature and spin
Authors: Arbab A. I.
Published: January 2024

The interaction of the electron (charge) with the electromagnetic field is investigated using the minimum coupling prescription, in which the electron’s spin appears in the Dirac and Pauli–Schrödinger equations. However, we analyze the use of this approach in Maxwell’s equations and the repercussions here. The application of this prescription resulted in novel electrodynamics associated with spin. The complex Maxwell’s equations are discovered to describe a massless electromagnetic field governed by the Dirac equation interacting with a particle with a double charge whose wavefunction is the electromagnetic field’s energy density. The conservation equation for electromagnetic field helicity (spin) is obtained directly from the new electrodynamics. We demonstrated that the quantization of the electromagnetic field (Maxwell’s equations) interacting with a photon field results in the electromagnetic field’s quantization. The energy density of the electromagnetic field is shown to fulfill a massless Dirac equation. This indicates the material nature of the electromagnetic field (photon). As a result, the electromagnetic spin charge and current densities are determined. We obtained the Josephson energy–current relationship from the spin current produced by an electromagnetic field. A quantum nonlinear Ohm’s law is developed. Quantum power and force associated with the quantum nature of the electromagnetic field are proposed.
Advancing thermochemical diagnostics in kilogram-scale explosive fireballs via laser absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Murzyn C. M. , Allen D. J. , Baca A. N. , Egeln A. A. , Houim R. W. , Guildenbecher D. R. , Marinis R. T. , Welliver M. C.
Published: January 2024

This article presents methodological advances in the state-of-the-art for making time-dependent, thermochemical measurements within kilogram-scale explosive post-detonation fireballs utilizing tunable laser absorption spectroscopy. This measurement capability is critical for validating multi-scale, multi-physics models of post-detonation dynamics. The technique is based on hardened gauges built around rapidly-tunable lasers and custom post-processing algorithms that provide quantitative thermochemical data interior to large and opaque explosive fireballs. The authors present a holistic overview of the technique including gauge design, the laser absorption diagnostic, and the custom data processing algorithms. Additionally, fielding high-bandwidth laser absorption probes at stand-off ranges presents new challenges in data processing that must compensate for long distance signal transmission effects. We highlight representative data from a hardened gauge measurement at 0.81 m stand-off from a 2.78 kg LX-14 explosive charge detonated in an outdoor test arena. We discuss progress in all-optical measurement of temperature, pressure, and water vapor number density at a 100 kHz repetition rate during the first 10 ms of the fireball evolution. We conclude the article with a brief discussion on our current approach for comparing hardened gauge measurements with computational fluid dynamic simulations.
Hydrodynamic responses and layout optimization of wave energy converter arrays consisting of five-degree-of-freedom truncated cylinders in front of a vertical wall
Authors: Kang Yuanshun , Zeng Xiaohui , Cui Zhehua , Chen Jiahao
Published: January 2024

The hydrodynamic responses and layout optimization of a group of cylindrical wave energy conversion devices (WEC) in front of a fully reflecting vertical wall are investigated. Each truncated floating cylinder can oscillate with five degrees of freedom, i.e., surge, sway, heave, roll, and pitch. Based on the linear water wave theory, an analytical solution is developed for the hydrodynamic problem. The results of specific parameter studies suggest that the wall reflection effect significantly improves the energy extraction performance of the WEC array with the appropriate parameter conditions. A multi-level optimization method based on a genetic algorithm is developed. This paper investigates the optimal layout of the six WEC arrays, composed of 2–7 buoys, respectively. Additionally, the impact of other degrees of freedom (DOFs), besides the heave mode, on the hydrodynamic performance of the array is investigated. For β ≤ π/12, there is no need to consider the impact of other DOFs on the energy extraction in heave mode. The dimensionless amplitudes of other DOFs gradually decrease as the equivalent constraint stiffness increases. For k0a > 1.0, the heave amplitude and energy capture performance of the WEC array are significantly smaller. However, the amplitudes of other DOFs still have considerable magnitudes for k0a > 1.0. Therefore, for the sea area with high-frequency incident waves (k0a > 1.0), setting up a power takeoff system on other DOFs of each buoy to extract energy is a feasible solution to improve the performance of the WEC array.
The role of 3D electrostatic field in modeling the electrospinning process
Authors: Rahman S. M. , Gautam S. , Tafreshi H. V. , Pourdeyhimi B.
Published: January 2024

Electrospinning is a cost-effective but very intricate method of producing polymeric nanofibers at room temperature. Unfortunately however, it is extremely difficult to predict the diameter or other properties of the fibers produced via electrospinning a prior. In this paper, we present a new approach to simulate fiber formation during electrospinning. Our work builds on the mathematical framework that was originally developed by Reneker and Yarin in 2000. Our approach incorporates the 3D electrostatic field that surrounds the fiber in a Lagrangian discrete particle tracking algorithm that tracks the trajectory of the fiber in air and predicts its deposition velocity and diameter. We investigate the effects of electrostatic field spatial variation on fiber electrospinning and compare our results with those obtained using a constant electrostatic field, the traditional approach, and with experiments (conducted using polyurethane). We considered three different electrospinning configurations of single-needle-plate-collector, single-needle-drum-collector, and two-needles-drum-collector to investigate how different electrostatic fields impact fiber formation. The computational model developed in this work helps to advance the current state of the art in modeling the electrospinning process.
HKDC1, a target of TFEB, is essential to maintain both mitochondrial and lysosomal homeostasis, preventing cellular senescence
Authors: Cui Mengying , Yamano Koji , Yamamoto Kenichi , Yamamoto-Imoto Hitomi , Minami Satoshi , Yamamoto Takeshi , Matsui Sho , Kaminishi Tatsuya , Shima Takayuki , Ogura Monami , Tsuchiya Megumi , Nishino Kohei , Layden Brian T. , Kato Hisakazu , Ogawa Hidesato , Oki Shinya , Okada Yukinori , Isaka Yoshitaka , Kosako Hidetaka , Matsuda Noriyuki , Yoshimori Tamotsu , Nakamura Shuhei
Published: January 2024

Mitochondrial and lysosomal functions are intimately linked and are critical for cellular homeostasis, as evidenced by the fact that cellular senescence, aging, and multiple prominent diseases are associated with concomitant dysfunction of both organelles. However, it is not well understood how the two important organelles are regulated. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is the master regulator of lysosomal function and is also implicated in regulating mitochondrial function; however, the mechanism underlying the maintenance of both organelles remains to be fully elucidated. Here, by comprehensive transcriptome analysis and subsequent chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR, we identified hexokinase domain containing 1 (HKDC1), which is known to function in the glycolysis pathway as a direct TFEB target. Moreover, HKDC1 was upregulated in both mitochondrial and lysosomal stress in a TFEB-dependent manner, and its function was critical for the maintenance of both organelles under stress conditions. Mechanistically, the TFEB–HKDC1 axis was essential for PINK1 (PTEN-induced kinase 1)/Parkin-dependent mitophagy via its initial step, PINK1 stabilization. In addition, the functions of HKDC1 and voltage-dependent anion channels, with which HKDC1 interacts, were essential for the clearance of damaged lysosomes and maintaining mitochondria–lysosome contact. Interestingly, HKDC1 regulated mitophagy and lysosomal repair independently of its prospective function in glycolysis. Furthermore, loss function of HKDC1 accelerated DNA damage–induced cellular senescence with the accumulation of hyperfused mitochondria and damaged lysosomes. Our results show that HKDC1, a factor downstream of TFEB, maintains both mitochondrial and lysosomal homeostasis, which is critical to prevent cellular senescence.
Exploring in-plane interactions beside an adsorbed molecule with lateral force microscopy
Authors: Nam Shinjae , Riegel Elisabeth , Hörmann Lukas , Hofmann Oliver T. , Gretz Oliver , Weymouth Alfred J. , Giessibl Franz J.
Published: January 2024

Atomic force microscopy with a CO-functionalized tip can be used to directly image the internal structure of a planar molecule and to characterize chemical bonds. However, hydrogen atoms usually cannot be directly observed due to their small size. At the same time, these atoms are highly important, since they can direct on-surface chemical reactions. Measuring in-plane interactions at the sides of PTCDA (3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride) molecules with lateral force microscopy allowed us to directly identify hydrogen atoms via their repulsive signature, which we confirmed with a model incorporating radially symmetric atomic interactions. Additional features were observed in the force data and could not be explained by H-bonding of the CO tip with the PTCDA sides. Instead, they are caused by electrostatic interaction of the large dipole of the metal apex, which we verified with density functional theory. This calculation allowed us to estimate the strength of the dipole at the metal tip apex. To further confirm that this dipole generally affects measurements on weakly polarized systems, we investigated the archetypical surface adsorbate of a single CO molecule. We determined the radially symmetric atomic interaction to be valid over a large solid angle of 5.4 sr, corresponding to 82°. We therefore find that in both the PTCDA and CO systems, the underlying interaction preventing direct observations of H-bonding and causing a collapse of the radially symmetric model is the dipole at the metal apex, which plays a significant role when approaching closer than standard imaging heights.
Gut metabolite L-lactate supports
Campylobacter jejuni
population expansion during acute infection
Authors: Sinha Ritam , LeVeque Rhiannon M. , Callahan Sean M. , Chatterjee Shramana , Stopnisek Nejc , Kuipel Matti , Johnson Jeremiah G. , DiRita Victor J.
Published: January 2024

How the microaerobic pathogen
Campylobacter jejuni
establishes its niche and expands in the gut lumen during infection is poorly understood. Using 6-wk-old ferrets as a natural disease model, we examined this aspect of
C. jejuni
pathogenicity. Unlike mice, which require significant genetic or physiological manipulation to become colonized with
C. jejuni
, ferrets are readily infected without the need to disarm the immune system or alter the gut microbiota. Disease after
C. jejuni
infection in ferrets reflects closely how human
C. jejuni
infection proceeds. Rapid growth of
C. jejuni
and associated intestinal inflammation was observed within 2 to 3 d of infection. We observed pathophysiological changes that were noted by cryptic hyperplasia through the induction of tissue repair systems, accumulation of undifferentiated amplifying cells on the colon surface, and instability of HIF-1α in colonocytes, which indicated increased epithelial oxygenation. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated that lactate levels in colon content were elevated in infected animals. A
C. jejuni
mutant lacking
lctP
, which encodes an L-lactate transporter, was significantly decreased for colonization during infection. Lactate also influences adhesion and invasion by
C. jejuni
to a colon carcinoma cell line (HCT116). The oxygenation required for expression of lactate transporter (
lctP
) led to identification of a putative thiol-based redox switch regulator (LctR) that may repress
lctP
transcription under anaerobic conditions. Our work provides better insights into the pathogenicity of
C. jejuni
.
Manipulation in exceptional times
Authors: Maillat Didier , Oswald Steve
Published: January 2024

This chapter offers a cognitively-grounded account of manipulative strategies speakers may use to
challenge and discredit scientific discourse in times of crisis, in which the perceived reliability of scientific
communication is vulnerable. Specifically, we explore how such an overwhelming context is ideally
suited for manipulative attempts to spread misinformation. We illustrate our account by analysing two strategies: one
by which political authorities attempted to discredit scientific expertise, and one by which minority experts tried to
weaken mainstream scientific expertise. In so doing, we provide a principled account of the way manipulation targeting
expert voices in public discourse can affect an audience’s epistemic vigilance mechanisms, while offering insights
into the role overwhelming contexts can play in bringing about these manipulative effects.
The apparent-time construct as a proxy to spoken conversational data in the 20th century
Authors: Enghels Renata , Roels Linde
Published: January 2024

The 20th century is characterized by important changes in the sociohistorical context of Spain, which have led to
the steady process of colloquialization of Spanish, in both spoken and written language. Still, these major developments
contrast sharply with the scarcity of oral conversational data. This paper investigates whether the apparent-time construct
offers a solution for the data problem. According to this method, a linguistic phenomenon is analyzed across the speech of
different generations during one time period. The basic assumption is that differences between generations mirror historical
developments in language. This study investigates whether generational differences in the use of the Spanish pragmatic marker
sabes ‘you know’ correspond to the grammaticalization cline previously observed in real-time data.
Cultural products, passing fashions, and linguistic changes
Authors: Fedriani Chiara , Molinelli Piera
Published: January 2024

This study explores the emergence and conventionalization of the Italian pragmatic marker ma vieni
‘hooray’ (lit. ‘but come’) in the short micro-diachrony of the past thirty years, considering both extra-linguistic and
systemic factors. We show that a number of audio-visual media helped trigger the emergence of this marker, which first
conventionalized as a sort of catchphrase for young people in the 1990s, and also helped constrain its social embedding.
Through an analysis of audio-visual media and data collected using a socio-pragmatic questionnaire, we investigate the spread
of ma vieni in its development up to recent years. The chapter thus offers a detailed micro-analysis of a
recent pragmatic innovation, drawing considerably on the theoretical and methodological underpinnings provided by the
analytical construct of apparent time as used in sociolinguistic research to study language change in progress; it also
explores the impact of linguistic modes and cultural tendencies on language, by investigating the intriguing intersection
between entertainment products, passing fashions, and linguistic changes.
Diatopic variation as evidence for diachronic changes in the 20th and 21st centuries
Authors: Mihatsch Wiltrud , Vazeilles Ana
Published: January 2024

In Latin American varieties of Spanish there is a series of pragmatic markers that fulfil similar functions.
Tipo, onda and como are mitigators, but they also express
approximation, exemplification, focalisation, discourse structuring and quotation. Pragmatic functions arise in the 20th
century, although approximating como goes back to Old Spanish. Corpus data, metalinguistic comments and
cross-linguistic observations point to the countercultures of the 20th century as a probable trigger leading to
pragmaticalisation. We propose a comparative study of acceptability judgements of the three markers in their Argentinian and
Mexican varieties, contributing to a semantic map showing different stages of pragmaticalisation which, combined with other
data, offers insights into diachronic processes that emerged in the 20th century.
Social indexicality and pragmatic change in the late 20th century
Authors: Ghezzi Chiara
Published: January 2024

This paper considers the role of social indexicality in the pragmatic development of Italian cioè
‘that is’ and tipo ‘type’ in the second half of the 20th century. It analyses listeners’ phone-ins to a radio
station gathered in 1976 and in 2010, together with questionnaires on speakers’ attitudes regarding the use of
cioè and tipo. Firstly, it describes the pragmatic trajectory of the two forms.
Secondly, it discusses how their frequencies and polyfunctionality are subject to rapid changes, and how these changes are
propelled by the social indexicality acquired by the forms. The development of these indexicalities benefits from the
technological innovations of the 20th century, which have a relevant role in the spread of speakers’ interactive
practices.
Phenomenology
Authors: Ostovar-Namaghi Seyyed Ali
Published: January 2024

This chapter aims to explore Phenomenology as
a research methodology. To this end, it will first present its
epistemological, ontological, and axiological underpinnings. It
will then briefly explain its theoretical foundations by
explaining the similarities and differences between
transcendental and interpretative Phenomenology. This is
followed by the principles and properties that differentiate
Phenomenology from other modes of qualitative research.
Subsequently, the purpose of this mode of research is clarified
by explaining and exemplifying the types of research questions
it tackles. More practical aspects of this methodology will then be
explored by illustrating how the data are collected and analysed
and how ethical issues are addressed in the research process and
product. Finally, it will present responses to the critiques
levelled against this research methodology before concluding the
chapter.
Narrative inquiry
Authors: Perrino Sabina M.
Published: January 2024

This chapter describes how narratives can be
useful analytical and methodological tools through a close
analysis of two narrative excerpts that I collected in Senegal
and Northern Italy. Both examples examine how certain
interactional patterns, such as participant transposition and
the co-construction of individuals’ identities and stances, are
enacted and sustained in storytelling practices. These patterns
would not emerge if narratives were not considered as situated
speech events in which speech participants’ interactional moves
(“interactional text”) are as important as the narrative content
(“denotational text”). It is thanks to this
narratives-as-practices approach, versus the more traditional
narratives-as-texts approach, that scholars are able to unveil
participants’ interactional dynamics. The two case studies,
moreover, are fully contextualized and situated.
Slowly rotating ultra-compact Schwarzschild star in the gravastar limit
Authors: Beltracchi Philip , Posada Camilo
Published: January 2024

We reconsider the problem of a slowly rotating homogeneous star, or Schwarzschild star, when its compactness goes beyond the Buchdahl bound and approaches the gravastar limit

R
→
2
M

. We compute surface and integral properties of such configuration by integrating the Hartle–Thorne structure equations for slowly rotating relativistic masses, at second order in angular velocity. In the gravastar limit, we show that the metric of a slowly rotating Schwarzschild star agrees with the Kerr metric, thus, within this approximation, it is not possible to tell a gravastar from a Kerr black hole by any observations from the spacetime exterior to the horizon.
Deep unfolding as iterative regularization for imaging inverse problems
Authors: Cui Zhuo-Xu , Zhu Qingyong , Cheng Jing , Zhang Bo , Liang Dong
Published: January 2024

Deep unfolding methods have gained significant popularity in the field of inverse problems as they have driven the design of deep neural networks (DNNs) using iterative algorithms. In contrast to general DNNs, unfolding methods offer improved interpretability and performance. However, their theoretical stability or regularity in solving inverse problems remains subject to certain limitations. To address this, we reevaluate unfolded DNNs and observe that their algorithmically-driven cascading structure exhibits a closer resemblance to iterative regularization. Recognizing this, we propose a modified training approach and configure termination criteria for unfolded DNNs, thereby establishing the unfolding method as an iterative regularization technique. Specifically, our method involves the joint learning of a convex penalty function using an input-convex neural network to quantify distance to a real data manifold. Then, we train a DNN unfolded from the proximal gradient descent algorithm, incorporating this learned penalty. Additionally, we introduce a new termination criterion for the unfolded DNN. Under the assumption that the real data manifold intersects the solutions of the inverse problem with a unique real solution, even when measurements contain perturbations, we provide a theoretical proof of the stable convergence of the unfolded DNN to this solution. Furthermore, we demonstrate with an example of magnetic resonance imaging reconstruction that the proposed method outperforms original unfolding methods and traditional regularization methods in terms of reconstruction quality, stability, and convergence speed.
Broadband white electroluminescence from a dopant-free OLED comprising pure electromer and electroplex emission
Authors: Barah Dhruvajyoti , Ray Debdutta
Published: January 2024

The utilization of multiple charge transfer complex-based emissions from a bilayer organic device is a low-cost and simple technique to realize white organic light emitting diodes (WOLEDs). In this work, a WOLED structure is presented where a planar heterojunction of 1, 1-bis ((di-4-tolylamino) phenyl) cyclohexane (TAPC)/Bis [2-(diphenylphosphino) phenyl] ether oxide (DPEPO) is employed for white-light generation and thereby eliminating the blend of host and dopants which is typically used as the emissive layer in OLEDs. The WOLED exhibits a broadband emission with a full-width half maxima of 330 nm. A systematic investigation is carried out to interpret the origins of the red (R), yellow (Y), and blue (B) components of the spectrum. It is shown that the electroplex emission originating from TAPC/DPEPO hetero-interface is responsible for the blue emission peak at a wavelength of 488 nm. The electromer emissions from TAPC and DPEPO result in yellow and red emissions with peak intensities at wavelengths 575 nm and 670 nm, respectively. By tuning the relative intensities of the RYB components, the colour of the emitted light from the OLED can be varied and a pure white emission with the Commission International d’Eclairage coordinate of (0.34, 0.36) and colour rendering index of 89 is demonstrated.
Aperiodic dynamical quantum phase transition in multi-band Bloch Hamiltonian and its origin
Authors: Cao Kaiyuan , Guo Hao , Yang Guangwen
Published: January 2024

We investigate the dynamical quantum phase transition (DQPT) in the multi-band Bloch Hamiltonian of the one-dimensional periodic Kitaev model, focusing on quenches from a Bloch band. By analyzing the dynamical free energy and Pancharatnam geometric phase (PGP), we show that the critical times of DQPTs deviate from periodic spacing due to the multi-band effect, contrasting with results from two-band models. We propose a geometric interpretation to explain this non-uniform spacing. Additionally, we clarify the conditions needed for DQPT occurrence in the multi-band Bloch Hamiltonian, highlighting that a DQPT only arises when the quench from the Bloch states collapses the band gap at the critical point. Moreover, we establish that the dynamical topological order parameter, defined by the winding number of the PGP, is not quantized but still exhibits discontinuous jumps at DQPT critical times due to periodic modulation. Additionally, we extend our analysis to mixed-state DQPT and find its absence at non-zero temperatures.
Two-dimensional antiferromagnetic nodal-line semimetal and spin Hall effect in MnC4
Authors: Fernandez H , Gonzalez-Hernandez R , Paez J , Hoat D M , Takeuchi Tan N , Guerrero-Sanchez J , Perez-Tijerina E G
Published: January 2024

Nodal-line semimetals, characterized by Dirac-like crossings along one dimensional k-space lines, represent a unique class of topological materials. In this study, we investigate the intriguing properties of room-temperature antiferromagnetic

M
n

C
4

and its nodal-line features both with and without spin–orbit coupling (SOC). In the absence of SOC, we identify a doubly degenerate Dirac-nodal line, robustly protected by a combination of time-reversal, mirror, and partial-translation symmetries. Remarkably, this nodal line withstands various external perturbations, including isotropic and anisotropic strain, and torsional deformations, due to the ionic-like bonding between Mn atoms and C clusters. With the inclusion of SOC, we observe a distinctive quasi-Dirac-nodal line that emerges due to the interplay between antiferromagnetism and SOC-induced spin-rotation symmetry breaking. Finally, we observed a robust spin Hall conductivity that aligns with the energy range where the quasi-nodal line appears. This study presents a compelling example of a robust symmetry-protected Dirac-nodal line antiferromagnetic monolayer, which has potential for applications in next-generation spintronic devices.