bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Projected Augmented Reality Intelligent Model of a City Area with Path Optimization
Authors: Mendes Mateus , Almeida Jorge , Mohamed Hajji , Giot Rudi
Published: July 2019

Augmented Reality is increasingly used for enhancing user experiences in different tasks. The present paper describes a model combining augmented reality and artificial intelligence algorithms in a 3D model of an area of the city of Coimbra, based on information extracted from OpenStreetMap. The augmented reality effect is achieved using a video projection over a 3D printed map. Users can interact with the model using a smart phone or similar device and simulate itineraries which are optimized using a genetic algorithm and A*. Among other applications, the model can be used for tourists or travelers to simulate travels with realism, as well as virtual reconstructions of historical places or remote areas.
Raindrop Size Distribution Characteristics for Tropical Cyclones and Meiyu-Baiu Fronts Impacting Tokyo, Japan
Authors: Chen Yong , Duan Jing , An Junling , Liu Huizhi
Published: July 2019

Tropical cyclones and meiyu-baiu fronts, as the two main synoptic systems over East Asia, bring heavy rain during summers, but their long-term and vertical raindrop size distribution (RSD) features over the midlatitude Japan Islands are limited. Radar-based quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) techniques require RSD observations. In this study, five-year observations from Tokyo with a ground-based impact Joss-Waldvogel disdrometer (JWD) and a vertically pointing micro rain radar (MRR) with a vertical range of 0.2–6.0 km were used to study the vertical structures of RSD and QPE parameters. The results showed that the convective rain associated with tropical cyclones had a maritime nature, while the rain associated with the meiyu-baiu front had a continental nature. The rain associated with tropical cyclones had a relatively higher concentration of raindrops and a larger average raindrop diameter than the rain associated with the meiyu-baiu front. The Z–R (radar reflectivity-rain rate) relationships (Z = ARb) based on the JWD data for tropical cyclones, the meiyu-baiu front and total summer rainfall in Tokyo were Z = 189 R1.38, Z = 214 R1.35 and Z = 212 R1.33, respectively. When the Z–R relationships obtained in this study were used to replace the operational relationship of Z = 300 R1.4, the standard deviation of the rain rate was reduced from 5.50 mm/h (2.34 mm/h) to 2.34 mm/h (1.32 mm/h) for typhoon (meiyu-baiu front) rainfall, although the change for total summer rainfall was small. In addition, with increasing height below 4 km, the value of A and b decreased.
Aerosol Indirect Effects on the Predicted Precipitation in a Global Weather Forecasting Model
Authors: Kang Jung-Yoon , Bae Soo Ya , Park Rae-Seol , Han Ji-Young
Published: July 2019

Aerosol indirect effects on precipitation were investigated in this study using a Global/Regional Integrated Model system (GRIMs) linked with a chemistry package devised for reducing the heavy computational burden occurring in common atmosphere–chemistry coupling models. The chemistry package was based on the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport scheme of Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem), and five tracers that are relatively important for cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) formation were treated as prognostic variables. For coupling with the cloud physics processes in the GRIMs, the CCN number concentrations derived from the simplified chemistry package were utilized in the cumulus parameterization scheme (CPS) and the microphysics scheme (MPS). The simulated CCN number concentrations were higher than those used in original cloud physics schemes and, overall, the amount of incoming shortwave radiation reaching the ground was indirectly reduced by an increase in clouds owing to a high CCN. The amount of heavier precipitation increased over the tropics owing to the inclusion of enhanced riming effects under deep precipitating convection. The trend regarding the changes in non-convective precipitation was mixed depending on the atmospheric conditions. The increase in small-size cloud water owing to a suppressed autoconversion led to a reduction in precipitation. More precipitation can occur when ice particles fall under high CCN conditions owing to the accretion of cloud water by snow and graupel, along with their melting.
Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: Work-Up, Staging, and Local Intervention Strategies
Authors: van Veldhuisen Eran , van den Oord Claudia , Brada Lilly J. , Walma Marieke S. , Vogel Jantien A. , Wilmink Johanna W. , del Chiaro Marco , van Lienden Krijn P. , Meijerink Martijn R. , van Tienhoven Geertjan , Hackert Thilo , Wolfgang Christopher L. , van Santvoort Hjalmar , Groot Koerkamp Bas , Busch Olivier R. , Molenaar I. Quintus , van Eijck Casper H. , Besselink Marc G. ,   the Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Group and International Collaborative Group on Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Published: July 2019

Locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) has several definitions but essentially is a nonmetastasized pancreatic cancer, in which upfront resection is considered not beneficial due to extensive vascular involvement and consequent high chance of a nonradical resection. The introduction of FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy and gemcitabine-nab-paclitaxel (gem-nab) has had major implications for the management and outcome of patients with LAPC. After 4–6 months induction chemotherapy, the majority of patients have stable disease or even tumor-regression. Of these, 12 to 35% are successfully downstaged to resectable disease. Several studies have reported a 30–35 months overall survival after resection; although it currently remains unclear if this is a result of the resection or the good response to chemotherapy. Following chemotherapy, selection of patients for resection is difficult, as contrast-enhanced computed-tomography (CT) scan is unreliable in differentiating between viable tumor and fibrosis. In case a resection is not considered possible but stable disease is observed, local ablative techniques are being studied, such as irreversible electroporation, radiofrequency ablation, and stereotactic body radiation therapy. Pragmatic, multicenter, randomized studies will ultimately have to confirm the exact role of both surgical exploration and ablation in these patients. Since evidence-based guidelines for the management of LAPC are lacking, this review proposes a standardized approach for the treatment of LAPC based on the best available evidence.
Genetic Aberration Analysis in Thai Colorectal Adenoma and Early-Stage Adenocarcinoma Patients by Whole-Exome Sequencing
Authors: Intarajak Thoranin , Udomchaiprasertkul Wandee , Bunyoo Chakrit , Yimnoon Jutamas , Soonklang Kamonwan , Wiriyaukaradecha Kriangpol , Lamlertthon Wisut , Sricharunrat Thaniya , Chaiwiriyawong Worawit , Siriphongpreeda Bunchorn , Sutheeworapong Sawannee , Kusonmano Kanthida , Kittichotirat Weerayuth , Thammarongtham Chinae , Jenjaroenpun Piroon , Wongsurawat Thidathip , Nookaew Intawat , Auewarakul Chirayu , Cheevadhanarak Supapon
Published: July 2019

Colorectal adenomas are precursor lesions of colorectal adenocarcinoma. The transition from adenoma to carcinoma in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) has been associated with an accumulation of genetic aberrations. However, criteria that can screen adenoma progression to adenocarcinoma are still lacking. This present study is the first attempt to identify genetic aberrations, such as the somatic mutations, copy number variations (CNVs), and high-frequency mutated genes, found in Thai patients. In this study, we identified the genomic abnormality of two sample groups. In the first group, five cases matched normal-colorectal adenoma-colorectal adenocarcinoma. In the second group, six cases matched normal-colorectal adenomas. For both groups, whole-exome sequencing was performed. We compared the genetic aberration of the two sample groups. In both normal tissues compared with colorectal adenoma and colorectal adenocarcinoma analyses, somatic mutations were observed in the tumor suppressor gene APC (Adenomatous polyposis coli) in eight out of ten patients. In the group of normal tissue comparison with colorectal adenoma tissue, somatic mutations were also detected in Catenin Beta 1 (CTNNB1), Family With Sequence Similarity 123B (FAM123B), F-Box And WD Repeat Domain Containing 7 (FBXW7), Sex-Determining Region Y-Box 9 (SOX9), Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 5 (LRP5), Frizzled Class Receptor 10 (FZD10), and AT-Rich Interaction Domain 1A (ARID1A) genes, which are involved in the Wingless-related integration site (Wnt) signaling pathway. In the normal tissue comparison with colorectal adenocarcinoma tissue, Kirsten retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (KRAS), Tumor Protein 53 (TP53), and Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) genes are found in the receptor tyrosine kinase-RAS (RTK–RAS) signaling pathway and p53 signaling pathway, respectively. These results suggest that APC and TP53 may act as a potential screening marker for colorectal adenoma and early-stage CRC. This preliminary study may help identify patients with adenoma and early-stage CRC and may aid in establishing prevention and surveillance strategies to reduce the incidence of CRC.
Are Integrins Still Practicable Targets for Anti-Cancer Therapy?
Authors: Alday-Parejo Begoña , Stupp Roger , Rüegg Curzio
Published: July 2019

Correlative clinical evidence and experimental observations indicate that integrin adhesion receptors, in particular those of the αV family, are relevant to cancer cell features, including proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, and metastasis. In addition, integrins promote events in the tumor microenvironment that are critical for tumor progression and metastasis, including tumor angiogenesis, matrix remodeling, and the recruitment of immune and inflammatory cells. In spite of compelling preclinical results demonstrating that the inhibition of integrin αVβ3/αVβ5 and α5β1 has therapeutic potential, clinical trials with integrin inhibitors targeting those integrins have repeatedly failed to demonstrate therapeutic benefits in cancer patients. Here, we review emerging integrin functions and their proposed contribution to tumor progression, discuss preclinical evidence of therapeutic significance, revisit clinical trial results, and consider alternative approaches for their therapeutic targeting in oncology, including targeting integrins in the other cells of the tumor microenvironment, e.g., cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune/inflammatory cells. We conclude that integrins remain a valid target for cancer therapy; however, agents with better pharmacological properties, alternative models for their preclinical evaluation, and innovative combination strategies for clinical testing (e.g., together with immuno-oncology agents) are needed.
Activated Carbon as a Cathode for Water Disinfection through the Electro-Fenton Process
Authors: Chen Long , Pinto Ameet , Alshawabkeh Akram N.
Published: July 2019

Unlike many other water disinfection methods, hydroxyl radicals (HO•) produced by the Fenton reaction (Fe2+/H2O2) can inactivate pathogens regardless of taxonomic identity of genetic potential and do not generate halogenated disinfection by-products. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) required for the process is typically electrogenerated using various carbonaceous materials as cathodes. However, high costs and necessary modifications to the cathodes still present a challenge to large-scale implementation. In this work, we use granular activated carbon (GAC) as a cathode to generate H2O2 for water disinfection through the electro-Fenton process. GAC is a low-cost amorphous carbon with abundant oxygen- and carbon-containing groups that are favored for oxygen reduction into H2O2. Results indicate that H2O2 production at the GAC cathode is higher with more GAC, lower pH, and smaller reactor volume. Through the addition of iron ions, the electrogenerated H2O2 is transformed into HO• that efficiently inactivated model pathogen (Escherichia coli) under various water chemistry conditions. Chick–Watson modeling results further showed the strong lethality of produced HO• from the electro-Fenton process. This inactivation coupled with high H2O2 yield, excellent reusability, and relatively low cost of GAC proves that GAC is a promising cathodic material for large-scale water disinfection.
Candida albicans-Cell Interactions Activate Innate Immune Defense in Human Palate Epithelial Primary Cells via Nitric Oxide (NO) and β-Defensin 2 (hBD-2)
Authors: Casaroto Ana Regina , da Silva Rafaela Alves , Salmeron Samira , Rezende Maria Lúcia Rubo de , Dionísio Thiago José , Santos Carlos Ferreira dos , Pinke Karen Henriette , Klingbeil Maria Fátima Guarizo , Salomão Priscila Aranda , Lopes Marcelo Milanda Ribeiro , Lara Vanessa Soares
Published: July 2019

The presence of Candida albicans in the biofilm underlying the dental prosthesis is related to denture stomatitis (DS), an inflammatory reaction of the oral mucosa. The oral epithelium, a component of the innate immune response, has the ability to react to fungal invasion. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro effect of viable C. albicans on the apoptosis, nitric oxide (NO) production, and β-defensin 2 (hBD-2) expression and production of human palate epithelial cells (HPECs). We further determined whether or not these effects were correlated with fungal invasion of epithelial cells. Interaction between HPEC primary culture and C. albicans was obtained through either direct or indirect cell–cell contact with a supernatant from a hyphal fungus. We found that the hyphae supernatants were sufficient to induce slight HPEC apoptosis, which occurred prior to the activation of the specific mechanisms of epithelial defense. The epithelial defense responses were found to occur via NO and antimicrobial peptide hBD-2 production only during direct contact between C. albicans and HPECs and coincided with the fungus’s intraepithelial invasion. However, although the hBD-2 levels remained constant in the HPEC supernatants over time, the NO release and hBD-2 gene expression were reduced at a later time (10 h), indicating that the epithelial defense capacity against the fungal invasion was not maintained in later phases. This aspect of the immune response was associated with increased epithelial invasion and apoptosis maintenance.
Galectin-3 Regulates Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-Dependent Cross-Talk between Colon-Infiltrating Dendritic Cells and T Regulatory Cells and May Represent a Valuable Biomarker for Monitoring the Progression of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Volarevic Vladislav , Zdravkovic Natasa , Harrell Carl Randall , Arsenijevic Nebojsa , Fellabaum Crissy , Djonov Valentin , Lukic Miodrag L. , Simovic Markovic Bojana
Published: July 2019

Galectin-3 regulates numerous biological processes in the gut. We investigated molecular mechanisms responsible for the Galectin-3-dependent regulation of colon inflammation and evaluated whether Galectin-3 may be used as biomarker for monitoring the progression of ulcerative colitis (UC). The differences in disease progression between dextran sodium sulphate-treated wild type and Galectin-3-deficient mice were investigated and confirmed in clinical settings, in 65 patients suffering from mild, moderate, and severe colitis. During the induction phase of colitis, Galectin-3 promoted interleukin-1β-induced polarization of colonic macrophages towards inflammatory phenotype. In the recovery phase of colitis, Galectin-3 was required for the immunosuppressive function of regulatory dendritic cells (DCs). Regulatory DCs in Galectin-3:Toll-like receptor-4:Kynurenine-dependent manner promoted the expansion of colon-infiltrated T regulatory cells (Tregs) and suppressed Th1 and Th17 cell-driven colon inflammation. Concentration of Galectin-3 in serum and stool samples of UC patients negatively correlated with clinical, endoscopic, and histological parameters of colitis. The cutoff serum values of Galectin-3 that allowed the discrimination of mild from moderate and moderate from severe colitis were 954 pg/mL and 580 pg/mL, respectively. Fecal levels of Galectin-3 higher than 553.44 pg/mL indicated attenuation of UC. In summing up, Galectin-3 regulates the cross-talk between colon-infiltrating DCs and Tregs and represents a new biomarker for monitoring the progression of UC.
Impact of Rotor–Airframe Orientation on the Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic Characteristics of Small Unmanned Aerial Systems
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Henricks Quinten , Zhuang Mei , Pandey Anshuman , Sutkowy Mark , Harter Braxton , McCrink Matthew , Gregory James
Published: July 2019

With the rapid increase in the number of multi-rotor small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) in recent years and a plethora of possible applications, the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic characteristics of these vehicles become very important issues. Due to the limited research on the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic characteristics of sUAS which include an airframe or support arm, this paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the flow and acoustic features with the inclusion of said geometry. The influence of rotor orientation—either mounted above or below the airframe—was comprehensively studied through experimental and computational analyses. Detailed experimental investigations—including particle image velocimetry (PIV), pressure transducer readings, and acoustic measurements—were employed to assess the aerodynamic and acoustic characteristics of a rotor–airframe system used on typical multirotor sUAS. The results from the computational methodology were also compared to those from the experiment to assess accuracy and possible benefits.
Utilization of Food and Agricultural Residues for a Flexible Biogas Production: Process Stability and Effects on Needed Biogas Storage Capacities
Authors: Saracevic Ervin , Frühauf Susanne , Miltner Angela , Karnpakdee Kwankao , Munk Bernhard , Lebuhn Michael , Wlcek Bernhard , Leber Jonas , Lizasoain Javier , Friedl Anton , Gronauer Andreas , Bauer Alexander
Published: July 2019

Biogas plants can contribute to future energy systems’ stability through flexible power generation. To provide power flexibly, a demand-oriented biogas supply is necessary, which may be ensured by applying flexible feeding strategies. In this study, the impacts of applying three different feeding strategies (1x, 3x and 9x feeding per day) on the biogas and methane production and process stability parameters were determined for a biogas plant with a focus on waste treatment. Two feedstocks that differed in (1) high fat and (2) higher carbohydrate content were investigated during semi-continuous fermentation tests. Measurements of the short chain fatty acids concentration, pH value, TVA/TIC ratio and total ammonium and ammonia content along with a molecular biology analysis were conducted to assess the effects on process stability. The results show that flexible biogas production can be obtained without negative impacts on the process performance and that production peaks in biogas and methane can be significantly shifted to another time by changing feeding intervals. Implementing the fermentation tests’ results into a biogas plant simulation model and an assessment of power generation scenarios focusing on peak-time power generation revealed a considerable reduction potential for the needed biogas storage capacity of up to 73.7%.
Scaling of Pulverized-Fuel Jet Flames That Apply Large Amounts of Excess Air—Implications for NOx Formation
Authors: Edland Rikard , Normann Fredrik , Allgurén Thomas , Fredriksson Christian , Andersson Klas
Published: July 2019

Measures to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) formation in industrial combustion processes often require up-scaling through pilot-scale facilities prior to being implemented in commercial scale, and scaling is therefore an important aspect of achieving lower NOx emissions. The current paper is a combined experimental and modelling study that aims to expand the understanding of constant velocity scaling for industrial jet flames applying high amounts of excess air. These types of flames are found in e.g., rotary kilns for production of iron ore pellets. The results show that, even if the combustion settings, velocity, and temperature profiles are correctly scaled, the concentration of oxygen experienced by the fuel during char combustion will scale differently. As the NO formation from the char combustion is important in these flames, the differences induced by the scaling has important impacts on the efficiencies of the applied primary measures. Increasing the rate of char combustion (to increase the Damköhler number), by using, for example, smaller-sized particles, in the pilot-scale is recommended to improve scaling.
An Energy-Efficient Timetable Optimization Approach in a Bi-DirectionUrban Rail Transit Line: A Mixed-Integer Linear Programming Model
Authors: Lv Huanhuan , Zhang Yuzhao , Huang Kang , Yu Xiaotong , Wu Jianjun
Published: July 2019

The quick growth of energy consumption in urban rail transit has drawn much attention due to the pressure of both operational cost and environmental responsibilities. In this paper, the timetable is optimized with respect to the system cost of urban rail transit, which pays more attention to energy consumption. Firstly, we propose a Mixed-Integer Non-Linear Programming (MINLP) model including the non-linear objective and constraints. The objective and constraints are linearized for an easier process of solution. Then, a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model is employed, which is solved using the commercial solver Gurobi. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of system cost, we present an alternative objective to optimize the total operational cost. Real Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) data from the Changping Line of Beijing urban rail transit is applied to validate the model in the case study. The results show that the designed timetable could achieve about a 35% energy reduction compared with the maximum energy consumption and a 6.6% cost saving compared with the maximum system cost.
Harmonic Stability Analysis for Multi-Parallel Inverter-Based Grid-Connected Renewable Power System Using Global Admittance
Authors: Cao Wu , Liu Kangli , Wang Shunyu , Kang Haotian , Fan Dongchen , Zhao Jianfeng
Published: July 2019

Multi-parallel grid-connected voltage source inverters (VSIs) are widely applied in the fields of renewable energy, energy storage, harmonic suppression, etc. However, these inverters may cause harmonic stability problems due to the interactions among the grid-connected inverters through the grid impedance, which can seriously threaten system stability. The impedance-based stability criterion provides an effective tool for analyzing harmonic instability issues and can be divided into two types, namely, a ratio type and a sum type. Based on the existing studies of the sum-type criterion, this paper further proposes a new sum-type form based on the global admittance from the PCC to assess system stability through frequency-domain analysis. This global admittance-based stability criterion can be used not only to analyze system stability, but also to reveal the influence of each VSI unit on system stability with a lower computational burden and provide guidance for resonance suppression, especially in the case of a large number of grid-connected inverters and asymmetric inverter parameters. Finally, a MATLAB/Simulink model and 400 kVA/400 V experimental platform consisting of six grid-connected VSIs were established, and the corresponding results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Voltage Stability Index Calculation by Hybrid State Estimation Based on Multi Objective Optimal Phasor Measurement Unit Placement
Authors: Matsukawa Yoshiaki , Watanabe Masayuki , Abdul Wahab Noor Izzri , Othman Mohammad Lutfi
Published: July 2019

Operation of a power system close to the voltage stability limit due to increasing of load demand and limited power sources may result in disastrous economic loss with voltage collapse of the entire power system. A system operator has to understand how far the system is from the critical boundary of the voltage collapse. This paper investigated the influence of State Estimation (SE) in the calculation of the Critical Boundary Index (CBI) as a voltage stability index. For SE, Hybrid State Estimation (HSE), including the measurement set of both Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) in Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU), is employed. Concurrently, the CBI is estimated using voltage phasor estimated by HSE based on optimal PMU location, which is selected from a Pareto optimal front obtained by the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). As a result of CBI estimation, HSE using PMU is relatively accurate in voltage stability index estimation compared to SCADA SE, which uses the RTU alone. However, when a mixed measurement condition in some lines affects the CBI estimation, it is suggested that it may be necessary to discard PMU measurements in some cases.
If They Come, Where will We Build It? Land-Use Implications of Two Forest Conservation Policies in the Deep Creek Watershed
Authors: Anputhas Markandu , Janmaat Johannus , Nichol Craig , Wei Adam
Published: July 2019

Research Highlights: Forest conservation policies can drive land-use change to other land-use types. In multifunctional landscapes, forest conservation policies will therefore impact on other functions delivered by the landscape. Finding the best pattern of land use requires considering these interactions. Background and Objectives: Population growth continues to drive the development of land for urban purposes. Consequently, there is a loss of other land uses, such as agriculture and forested lands. Efforts to conserve one type of land use will drive more change onto other land uses. Absent effective collaboration among affected communities and relevant institutional agents, unexpected and undesirable land-use change may occur. Materials and Methods: A CLUE-S (Conversion of Land Use and its Effects at Small Scales) model was developed for the Deep Creek watershed, a small sub-basin in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia, Canada. The valley is experiencing among the most rapid population growth of any region in Canada. Land uses were aggregated into one forested land-use type, one urban land-use type, and three agricultural types. Land-use change was simulated for combinations of two forest conservation policies. Changes are categorized by location, land type, and an existing agricultural land policy. Results: Forest conservation policies drive land conversion onto agricultural land and may increase the loss of low elevation forested land. Model results show where the greatest pressure for removing land from agriculture is likely to occur for each scenario. As an important corridor for species movement, the loss of low elevation forest land may have serious impacts on habitat connectivity. Conclusions: Forest conservation policies that do not account for feedbacks can have unintended consequences, such as increasing conversion pressures on other valued land uses. To avoid surprises, land-use planners and policy makers need to consider these interactions. Models such as CLUE-S can help identify these spatial impacts.
Occurrence Prediction of the Citrus Flatid Planthopper (Metcalfa pruinosa (Say, 1830)) in South Korea Using a Random Forest Model
Authors: Lee Dae-Seong , Bae Yang-Seop , Byun Bong-Kyu , Lee Seunghwan , Park Jong Kyun , Park Young-Seuk
Published: July 2019

Invasive species cause a severe impact on existing ecosystems. The citrus flatid planthopper (CFP; Metcalfa pruinosa (Say, 1830)) is an invasive species in many countries. Predicting potential occurrence areas of the species related to environmental conditions is important for effective forest ecosystem management. In this study, we evaluated the occurrence patterns of the CFP and predicted its potential occurrence areas in South Korea using a random forest model for a hazard rating of forests considering meteorological and landscape variables. We obtained the occurrence data of the CFP in South Korea from literature and government documents and extracted seven environmental variables (altitude, slope, distance to road (geographical), annual mean temperature, minimum temperature in January, maximum temperature in July, and annual precipitation (meteorological)) and the proportion of land cover types across seven categories (urban, agriculture, forest, grassland, wetland, barren, and water) at each occurrence site from digital maps using a Geographic Information System. The CFP occurrence areas were mostly located at low altitudes, near roads and urbanized areas. Our prediction model also supported these results. The CFP has a high potential to be distributed over the whole of South Korea, excluding high mountainous areas. Finally, factors related to human activities, such as roads and urbanization, strongly influence the occurrence and dispersal of the CFP. Therefore, we propose that these factors should be considered carefully in monitoring and surveillance programs for the CFP and other invasive species.
Influence of Cooking Methods on Glucosinolates and Isothiocyanates Content in Novel Cruciferous Foods
Authors: Baenas Nieves , Marhuenda Javier , García-Viguera Cristina , Zafrilla Pilar , Moreno Diego
Published: July 2019

Brassica vegetables are of great interest due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, being responsible for the glucosinolates (GLS) and their hydroxylated derivatives, the isothiocyanates (ITC). Nevertheless, these compounds are quite unstable when these vegetables are cooked. In order to study this fact, the influence of several common domestic cooking practices on the degradation of GLS and ITC in two novel Brassica spp.: broccolini (Brassica oleracea var italica Group x alboglabra Group) and kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica L.) was determined. On one hand, results showed that both varieties were rich in health-promoter compounds, broccolini being a good source of glucoraphanin and sulforaphane (≈79 and 2.5 mg 100 g−1 fresh weight (F.W.), respectively), and kale rich in glucoiberin and iberin (≈12 and 0.8 mg 100 g−1 F.W., respectively). On the other hand, regarding cooking treatments, stir-frying and steaming were suitable techniques to preserve GLS and ITC (≥50% of the uncooked samples), while boiling was deleterious for the retention of these bioactive compounds (20–40% of the uncooked samples). Accordingly, the appropriate cooking method should be considered an important factor to preserve the health-promoting effects in these trending Brassica.
A Fire in the Belly of Hineāmaru: Using Whakapapa as a Pedagogical Tool in Education
Authors: Webber Melinda , O’Connor Kapua
Published: July 2019

The numerous iwi (tribes) and hapū (subtribes) of Te Tai Tokerau (Northland) have a long whakapapa (genealogy) of influential leaders that have made a significant impact on the Māori world and beyond. However, ruinous media narratives that focus without relent on poverty, low employment, inadequate housing, and lagging educational outcomes—particularly among Māori—continue to negatively impact the ways students from this region define their identity. This paper presents a number of strengths-based narratives—focusing on tūpuna (ancestors) from Te Tai Tokerau whakapapa—that act as counter-narratives to this rhetoric. The paper discusses how these narratives can be used as powerful pedagogical tools that enhance Te Tai Tokerau Māori students’ self-efficacy, aspiration, optimism, and cultural pride, presenting them as powerful agents of their own destiny. This paper draws on data produced from a Marsden-funded study—led by Te Tai Tokerau descendents—that has collected and re-presented multifaceted hapū/iwi-based narratives that celebrate Te Tai Tokerau distinctiveness, success, history, and identity. This wider study has examined, contextualised, and celebrated diverse characteristics recurring in Te Tai Tokerau pūrākau (genealogical stories), pepeha (tribal sayings), waiata (songs), karakia (incantations), televisual materials, and written histories.
miR403a and SA Are Involved in NbAGO2 Mediated Antiviral Defenses Against TMV Infection in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Diao Pengfei , Zhang Qimeng , Sun Hongyu , Ma Wenjie , Cao Aiping , Yu Ruonan , Wang Jiaojiao , Niu Yiding , Wuriyanghan Hada
Published: July 2019

RNAi (RNA interference) is an important defense response against virus infection in plants. The core machinery of the RNAi pathway in plants include DCL (Dicer Like), AGO (Argonaute) and RdRp (RNA dependent RNA polymerase). Although involvement of these RNAi components in virus infection responses was demonstrated in Arabidopsis thaliana, their contribution to antiviral immunity in Nicotiana benthamiana, a model plant for plant-pathogen interaction studies, is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the role of N. benthamiana NbAGO2 gene against TMV (Tomato mosaic virus) infection. Silencing of NbAGO2 by transient expression of an hpRNA construct recovered GFP (Green fluorescent protein) expression in GFP-silenced plant, demonstrating that NbAGO2 participated in RNAi process in N. benthamiana. Expression of NbAGO2 was transcriptionally induced by both MeSA (Methylsalicylate acid) treatment and TMV infection. Down-regulation of NbAGO2 gene by amiR-NbAGO2 transient expression compromised plant resistance against TMV infection. Inhibition of endogenous miR403a, a predicted regulatory microRNA of NbAGO2, reduced TMV infection. Our study provides evidence for the antiviral role of NbAGO2 against a Tobamovirus family virus TMV in N. benthamiana, and SA (Salicylic acid) mediates this by induction of NbAGO2 expression upon TMV infection. Our data also highlighted that miR403a was involved in TMV defense by regulation of target NbAGO2 gene in N. Benthamiana.
Defining the Clinical, Molecular and Ultrastructural Characteristics in Occipital Horn Syndrome: Two New Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Beyens Aude , Van Meensel Kyaran , Pottie Lore , De Rycke Riet , De Bruyne Michiel , Baeke Femke , Hoebeke Piet , Plasschaert Frank , Loeys Bart , De Schepper Sofie , Symoens Sofie , Callewaert Bert
Published: July 2019

Occipital horn syndrome (OHS) is a rare connective tissue disorder caused by pathogenic variants in ATP7A, encoding a copper transporter. The main clinical features, including cutis laxa, bony exostoses, and bladder diverticula are attributed to a decreased activity of lysyl oxidase (LOX), a cupro-enzyme involved in collagen crosslinking. The absence of large case series and natural history studies precludes efficient diagnosis and management of OHS patients. This study describes the clinical and molecular characteristics of two new patients and 32 patients previously reported in the literature. We report on the need for long-term specialized care and follow-up, in which MR angiography, echocardiography and spirometry should be incorporated into standard follow-up guidelines for OHS patients, next to neurodevelopmental, orthopedic and urological follow-up. Furthermore, we report on ultrastructural abnormalities including increased collagen diameter, mild elastic fiber abnormalities and multiple autophagolysosomes reflecting the role of lysyl oxidase and defective ATP7A trafficking as pathomechanisms of OHS.
groEL Gene-Based Phylogenetic Analysis of Lactobacillus Species by High-Throughput Sequencing
Authors: Xie Miaoqi , Pan Mingluo , Jiang Yang , Liu Xiaoming , Lu Wenwei , Zhao Jianxin , Zhang Hao , Chen Wei
Published: July 2019

Lactobacillus is a fairly diverse genus of bacteria with more than 260 species and subspecies. Many profiling methods have been developed to carry out phylogenetic analysis of this complex and diverse genus, but limitations remain since there is still a lack of comprehensive and accurate analytical method to profile this genus at species level. To overcome these limitations, a Lactobacillus-specific primer set was developed targeting a hypervariable region in the groEL gene—a single-copy gene that has undergone rapid mutation and evolution. The results showed that this methodology could accurately perform taxonomic identification of Lactobacillus down to the species level. Its detection limit was as low as 104 colony-forming units (cfu)/mL for Lactobacillus species. The assessment of detection specificity using the Lactobacillus groEL profiling method found that Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Weissella, and Leuconostoc genus could be distinguished, but non-Lactobacillus Genus Complex could not be detected. The groEL gene sequencing and Miseq high-throughput approach were adopted to estimate the richness and diversity of Lactobacillus species in different ecosystems. The method was tested using kurut (fermented yak milk) samples and fecal samples of human, rat, and mouse. The results indicated that Lactobacillus mucosae was the predominant gut Lactobacillus species among Chinese, and L. johnsonii accounted for the majority of lactobacilli in rat and mouse gut. Meanwhile, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus had the highest relative abundance of Lactobacillus in kurut. Thus, this groEL gene profiling method is expected to promote the application of Lactobacillus for industrial production and therapeutic purpose.
The Integrated Management of Information about the Geodetic Point Fields—A Case of the Czech Republic
Authors: Janečka Karel
Published: July 2019

The geodetic point fields play a crucial role in measuring a terrain, in surveying, and mapping applications. Due to the rapid development in the domain of information technologies, it makes sense to consider using the database and web technologies to manage and disseminate the available information about the geodetic point fields. The paper presents the creation of a spatial database which integrates the information about the various kinds of established geodetic point fields (horizontal, vertical and gravitational) with the aim of enabling their effective management. Furthermore, based on the integrated spatial database, the prototype of the new information system of geodetic point fields has been developed. The functionality of the prototype also considers the requirements coming from the international efforts, i.e., the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe (INSPIRE) directive. The prototype, based on Java Enterprise Edition (EE) technology, implements the features reflecting the cyber-security issues and ensures the modularity and scalability of the system, which is important for further development of the system and dissemination and accessibility of the information about the geodetic point fields via modern web technologies.
Spatiotemporal Transmission Patterns and Determinants of Dengue Fever: A Case Study of Guangzhou, China
Authors: Chen Yebin , Zhao Zhigang , Li Zhichao , Li Weihong , Li Zhipeng , Guo Renzhong , Yuan Zhilu
Published: July 2019

Dengue fever is one of the most common vector-borne diseases in the world and is mainly affected by the interaction of meteorological, human and land-use factors. This study aims to identify the impact of meteorological, human and land-use factors on dengue fever cases, involving the interplay between multiple factors. The analyses identified the statistically significant determinants affecting the transmission of dengue fever, employing cross-correlation analysis and the geo-detector model. This study was conducted in Guangzhou, China, using the data of confirmed cases of dengue fever, daily meteorological records, population density distribution and land-use distribution. The findings highlighted that the dengue fever hotspots were mainly distributed in the old city center of Guangzhou and were significantly shaped by meteorological, land-use and human factors. Meteorological factors including minimum temperature, maximum temperature, atmospheric pressure and relative humidity were correlated with the transmission of dengue fever. Minimum temperature, maximum temperature and relative humidity presented a statistically significant positive correlation with dengue fever cases, while atmospheric pressure presented statistically significant negative correlation. Minimum temperature, maximum temperature, atmospheric pressure and humidity have lag effects on the transmission of dengue fever. The population, community age, subway network density, road network density and ponds presented a statistically significant positive correlation with the number of dengue fever cases, and the interaction among land-use and human factors could enhance dengue fever transmission. The ponds were the most important interaction factors, which might strengthen the influence of other factors on dengue fever transmission. Our findings have implications for pre-emptive dengue fever control.
Spatial Clusters of Children with Cleft Lip and Palate and Their Association with Polluted Zones in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area
Authors: Gasca-Sanchez Francisco Manuel , Santos-Guzman Jesus , Elizondo-Dueñaz Ricardo , Mejia-Velazquez Gerardo Manuel , Ruiz-Pacheco Cecilia , Reyes-Rodriguez Deborah , Vazquez-Camacho Elsie , Hernandez-Hernandez José Ascencion , Lopez-Sanchez Rosa del Carmen , Ortiz-Lopez Rocio , Olvera-Posada Daniel , Rojas-Martinez Augusto
Published: July 2019

This study examines the spatial structure of children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and its association with polluted areas in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area (MMA). The Nearest Neighbor Index (NNI) and the Spatial Statistical Scan (SaTScan) determined that the CLP cases are agglomerated in spatial clusters distributed in different areas of the city, some of them grouping up to 12 cases of CLP in a radius of 1.2 km. The application of the interpolation by empirical Bayesian kriging (EBK) and the inverse distance weighted (IDW) method showed that 95% of the cases have a spatial interaction with values of particulate matter (PM10) of more than 50 points. The study also shows that 83% of the cases interacted with around 2000 annual tons of greenhouse gases. This study may contribute to other investigations applying techniques for the identification of environmental and genetic factors possibly associated with congenital malformations and for determining the influence of contaminating substances in the incidence of these diseases, particularly CLP.
Magnesium Is a Key Player in Neuronal Maturation and Neuropathology
Authors: Yamanaka Ryu , Shindo Yutaka , Oka Kotaro
Published: July 2019

Magnesium (Mg) is the second most abundant cation in mammalian cells, and it is essential for numerous cellular processes including enzymatic reactions, ion channel functions, metabolic cycles, cellular signaling, and DNA/RNA stabilities. Because of the versatile and universal nature of Mg2+, the homeostasis of intracellular Mg2+ is physiologically linked to growth, proliferation, differentiation, energy metabolism, and death of cells. On the cellular and tissue levels, maintaining Mg2+ within optimal levels according to the biological context, such as cell types, developmental stages, extracellular environments, and pathophysiological conditions, is crucial for development, normal functions, and diseases. Hence, Mg2+ is pathologically involved in cancers, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and demyelination. In the research field regarding the roles and mechanisms of Mg2+ regulation, numerous controversies caused by its versatility and complexity still exist. As Mg2+, at least, plays critical roles in neuronal development, healthy normal functions, and diseases, appropriate Mg2+ supplementation exhibits neurotrophic effects in a majority of cases. Hence, the control of Mg2+ homeostasis can be a candidate for therapeutic targets in neuronal diseases. In this review, recent results regarding the roles of intracellular Mg2+ and its regulatory system in determining the cell phenotype, fate, and diseases in the nervous system are summarized, and an overview of the comprehensive roles of Mg2+ is provided.
Nitropyridine-1-Oxides as Excellent π-Hole Donors: Interplay between σ-Hole (Halogen, Hydrogen, Triel, and Coordination Bonds) and π-Hole Interactions
Authors: Galmés Bartomeu , Franconetti Antonio , Frontera Antonio
Published: July 2019

In this manuscript, we use the primary source of geometrical information, i.e., Cambridge Structural Database (CSD), combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations (PBE0-D3/def2-TZVP level of theory) to demonstrate the relevance of π-hole interactions in para-nitro substituted pyridine-1-oxides. More importantly, we show that the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) value above and below the π–hole of the nitro group is largely influenced by the participation of the N-oxide group in several interactions like hydrogen-bonding (HB) halogen-bonding (XB), triel bonding (TrB), and finally, coordination-bonding (CB) (N+–O− coordinated to a transition metal). The CSD search discloses that p-nitro-pyridine-1-oxide derivatives have a strong propensity to participate in π-hole interactions via the nitro group and, concurrently, N-oxide group participates in a series of interactions as electron donor. Remarkably, the DFT calculations show from strong to moderate cooperativity effects between π–hole and HB/XB/TrB/CB interactions (σ-bonding). The synergistic effects between π-hole and σ-hole bonding interactions are studied in terms of cooperativity energies, using MEP surface analysis and the Bader’s quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM).
Heat Transfer in a Square Ribbed Channel: Evaluation of Turbulent Heat Transfer Models
Authors: Wörz Beate , Wieler Mark , Dehe Viola , Jeschke Peter , Rabs Michael
Published: July 2019

This paper presents the results of integral heat transfer measurements taken in a square ribbed cooling channel configuration for evaluating heat transfer and turbulent flow characteristics in convective cooled gas turbine blades and draws a comparison with numerical results. The heated section of the channel is either smooth or equipped with 45 ∘ crossed ribs on two opposite walls. The first part of the paper describes the instrumentation and experimental setup in detail. The second part compares the numerical calculations with the experimentally determined results. The turbulent heat transfer is calculated using two common algebraic models and three implemented explicit algebraic models, each time in combination with an explicit algebraic Reynolds stress model. The numerical calculations show that the use of higher-order models for the turbulent heat flux provides a higher accuracy of the heat transfer prediction for both configurations. The best model is able to predict almost all results within the experimental uncertainties.
The Role of In Vitro Immune Response Assessment for Biomaterials
Authors: Lock Alistair , Cornish Jillian , Musson David S.
Published: July 2019

Grafts are required to restore tissue integrity and function. However, current gold standard autografting techniques yield limited harvest, with high rates of complication. In the search for viable substitutes, the number of biomaterials being developed and studied has increased rapidly. To date, low clinical uptake has accompanied inherently high failure rates, with immune rejection a specific and common end result. The objective of this review article was to evaluate published immune assays evaluating biomaterials, and to stress the value that incorporating immune assessment into evaluations carries. Immunogenicity assays have had three areas of focus: cell viability, maturation and activation, with the latter being the focus in the majority of the literature due to its relevance to functional outcomes. With recent studies suggesting poor correlation between current in vitro and in vivo testing of biomaterials, in vitro immune response assays may be more relevant and enhance ability in predicting acceptance prior to in vivo application. Uptake of in vitro immune response assessment will allow for substantial reductions in experimental time and resources, including unnecessary and unethical animal use, with a simultaneous decrease in inappropriate biomaterials reaching clinic. This improvement in bench to bedside safety is paramount to reduce patient harm.