bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of pre-carbonization temperature on the porous structure and electrochemical properties of activated carbon fibers derived from kapok for supercapacitor applications
Authors: THAZIN Nu Myat , CHAIAMMART Nattapat , THU Myo Myo , PANOMSUWAN Gasidit
Published: March 2022

Activated carbon fibers (ACFs) were successfully synthesized from kapok via a two-step process: (i) pre-carbonization and (ii) chemical activation. The pre-carbonization temperature was varied at 300℃, 400℃, and 500℃. The mixing ratio of the pre-carbonized product and potassium hydroxide (KOH) was 3:1, while the activation temperature was 800℃. The effect of pre-carbonization temperature on the morphology, surface area and porosity, chemical functional group, and phase structure of ACFs was investigated and discussed. The characterization results showed that ACFs exhibited an amorphous carbon structure with a hollow fiber shape resembling the kapok. The specific surface area decreased from 487 m2×g-1 to 326 m2×g-1 as the pre-carbonization increased. The pore structure of ACFs possessed a major contribution of micropores, and mesopores became more dominant at a high pre-carbonization temperature. The potential use of ACFs as electrode materials in supercapacitors was electrochemically tested by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements. The ACFs obtained from pre-carbonization at 500℃ had the highest specific capacitance of 31.9 F×g-1 at a current density of 1 A×g-1. The results in this work will be a helpful guideline for the further design and development of ACFs from kapok for supercapacitor applications.
TRAINING PROGRAMS NEEDED TO DEVELOP YOUNG ENTREPRENEURS FROM TRAINING INSTITUTIONS IN BANDUNG: A QUALITATIVE PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Shaddiq Syahrial , Wanidison Eko
Published: March 2022

Unemployment is a problem that is often faced by every country, especially developing countries like Indonesia. The high level of unemployment in a country can have a negative impact on the economy of a country. Entrepreneurship is the potential to build the economy for the better. Duta Transformasi Insani Bandung is one of the training institutions that can develop entrepreneurial potential. This study used a qualitative descriptive method. Researchers found that in organizing training for young entrepreneurs, one of the training evaluation techniques was adopted, namely IPOO. In terms of Input regarding the recruitment of training participants, the Process in this program aims to become more independent and free from dependence. The Output and Outcomes of the training participants are motivated to start a business and make it easier for them to manage themselves better.
Integração entre robótica educacional e abordagem STEAM: desenvolvimento de protótipos sobre a temática responsabilidade social e sustentabilidade
Authors: Fernandes Nídia Mara Melchiades Castelli , Zanon Dulcimeire Aparecida Volante
Published: March 2022

Cada vez mais se faz necessária a introdução de Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação como recurso didático para o enfrentamento dos desafios da sociedade atual. Uma das possibilidades é a Robótica Educacional (RE) que abrange condições didático-pedagógicas motivadoras e proporciona a aprendizagem ativa. Sua potencialidade pode ser aumentada quando associada à abordagem STEAM, baseada em projetos investigativos. Dessa forma, estruturamos a seguinte questão de pesquisa: Como integrar a robótica educacional e a abordagem STEAM a fim de favorecer o desenvolvimento de protótipos por estudantes de 1ª série de um curso de Ensino Técnico Integrado ao Médio (Etim) de Informática para Internet sobre a temática responsabilidade social e sustentabilidade? A partir da análise dos protótipos desenvolvidos pelos estudantes, identificamos avanços nos conhecimentos apreendidos, bem como o favorecimento do desenvolvimento intelectual (criatividade, curiosidade, raciocínio, argumentação, tomada de decisão, solução de problemas) e social (interação, comunicação, colaboração e escuta ativa).
Indústria cultural e reificação: a subjetividade infantil em foco
Authors: Schunck Costa Pisaneschi Lucilene
Published: March 2022

O presente artigo apresenta um recorte de uma investigação que se dedicou a pesquisar a construção da subjetividade infantil no seio do modelo social capitalista vigente. As considerações aqui tratadas têm como objetivo discutir as relações existentes entre a Indústria Cultural e o processo de reificação infantil. A contemporaneidade tem produzido uma infância que expressa uma criança cada vez mais fragmentada: ora segura de si, ora dependente; ora autônoma; ora tutelada; ora um indivíduo que existe aqui e agora; ora um ser a ser preparado para o futuro. A pesquisa em questão, de caráter qualitativa, tomou como fontes de análise matérias jornalísticas veiculadas pela mídia impressa e digital que apresentam a maneira como os pequenos têm sido inseridos, de forma frenética, na lógica do consumo. Do ponto de vista teórico- metodológico tomamos como referência a teoria crítica frankfurtiana, em especial, as reflexões dos pesquisadores da primeira geração da escola de Frankfurt.  A análise do material possibilitou identificar como a presença de mecanismos criados pela Indústria Cultural tem operado a favor da universalização dos sujeitos contribuindo, do ponto de vista da infância, para a anulação das singularidades e para a reificação das crianças. Foi possível, também, trazer à tona as formas com que os pequenos olham para a realidade para além dos destroços que acumula, indicando-nos caminhos possíveis de resistências.
O pensamento de Paulo Freire no século XXI – questionamentos e validade atual
Authors: Navarro Daniel Fernando Sanchez , Kuhn Martin , Frantz Walter
Published: March 2022

O sentido deste texto é fazer uma reflexão em torno da pertinência do pensamento de Paulo Freire, considerando questionamentos que lhe são feitos hoje. O texto tem o desafio de buscar, criar ou refazer aportes de seu pensamento à construção de um mundo mais justo e solidário por meio do ato educativo. Isto é, de sua validade e pertinência à educação hoje. O percurso da reflexão se estrutura em dois movimentos. O primeiro interroga as propostas do Movimento da Escola sem Partido, apresentando as intencionalidades inerentes ao projeto, seus limites e como o pensamento freireano responderia a suas preocupações. O segundo movimento questiona a legitimidade dos argumentos presentes no livro, “Desconstruindo Paulo Freire”, organizado por Santos (2017). Não se explora a obra na integralidade, pois ela mesma nos parece uma compilação de coisas, que não estão necessariamente relacionadas, mas todas compartilham um objetivo comum: desconstruir o pensamento de Freire. Analisa-se, então, fragmentos que exemplificam seu objetivo e permitem avançar nas reflexões acerca da pertinência do pensamento pedagógico de Freire. O ensaio conclui, retomando os pressupostos sócio-políticos e pedagógicos humanistas de Freire, entendendo-os como promissores na construção de um mundo comum mais democrático, livre, justo e solidário. Antecipa-se que as teses sustentadas pelos dois movimentos se enquadram em um cenário de culpabilização e de criminalização dos movimentos sociais, como sendo responsáveis pelo fracasso da escola pública.
The effect of adding whole-body vibration exercises to home exercise program on muscle strength in patients with post-polio syndrome
Authors: Topaloğlu Mahir , Ketenci Ayşegül , Baslo Barış , Şahinkaya Türker
Published: March 2022

Objectives: This study aims to understand the effectiveness of whole-body vibration (WBV) exercises performed with home exercise program in patients with post-polio syndrome (PPS) in terms of muscle strength, fatigue, the quality of life, and laboratory parameters.

Patients and methods: Between October 2015 and March 2016, a total of 14 patients (7 males, 7 females; mean age: 45.1±6.6 years; range, 34 to 57 years) who were diagnosed with PPS were included in the study. The patients were randomized into two groups: the first group received WBV, home exercise program and patient education while the second (control) group received home exercise program and patient education. The patients were evaluated by knee isometric and isokinetic peak torque, Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS), Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), serum creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase at baseline and at the end of the treatment.

Results: At the end of the treatment, the exercise program administered to the patients was found to be effective in increasing knee muscle strength in PPS patients (p<0.05). This difference was more apparent on the sequela side, isometric extension peak torque in the group with WBV. There was no significant change in the markers of muscle damage or NHP in both groups.

Conclusion: Inclusion of WBV in home exercise program in PPS patients does not seem to be superior, except for reducing the effect of fatigue on the patient's life.
Uso de Rotinas StarPU em Simulação de Secagem de Grãos
Authors: Silva Hígor Uélinton da , Schepke Claudio
Published: March 2022

O foco deste trabalho é achar um modo para acelerar o tempo de processamento de uma aplicação de simulação de secagem de grãos utilizando uma abordagem orientada a tarefas. Para tal, optou-se pelo uso da interface de programação paralela StarPU. Como resultados obtidos foi possível gerado um código paralelo, mas redução no tempo de execução.
Compressão de Dados em Clusters HPC com Flink, MPI e SPar
Authors: Fim Gabriel Rustick , Welter Greice Aline , Löff Júnior , Griebler Dalvan
Published: March 2022

Este trabalho visa avaliar o desempenho do algoritmo de compressão de dados Bzip2 com as ferramentas de processamento de stream Apache Flink, MPI e SPar utilizando um cluster Beowulf. Os resultados mostram que as versões com maior desempenho em relação ao tempo sequencial são o MPI e SPar com speed-up de 7,6 e 7,2 vezes, respectivamente.
Compressão de Dados MIoT para Melhorar Desempenho da Rede Mantendo QoS
Authors: Andrade Alexandre , Cabral Arthur , Bellini Barbara , Righi Rodrigo da Rosa , Rodrigues Vinicius Facco
Published: March 2022

Esse artigo apresenta uma nova arquitetura que integra computação em nuvem e neblina com compressão de dados para aquisição e processamento de informações em uma base heterogênea de dispositivos medical IoT (MIoT) que monitoram sinais vitais. O modelo permite processar uma grande base de dados distribuídos com baixa latência e baixo consumo de banda de dados.
Padrões de programação paralela em nuvens computacionais
Authors: Andrade Cristiane de , Galante Guilherme
Published: March 2022

Padrões de computação paralela tem sido propostos com o objetivo de auxiliar desenvolvedores a tirar proveito do paralelismo em arquiteturas modernas. Este trabalho propõem apresentar padrões de projeto para o desenvolvimento de aplicações paralelas e uma classificação e definição desses padrões. E, além disso, estender este padrões propostos para que eles contemplem a elasticidade, realizando uma revisão dos trabalhos que abordem elasticidade e aplicações paralelas, com o objetivo de propor padrões de programação paralela para aplicações elásticas.
Avaliação do Esforço de Programação em GPU: Estudo Piloto
Authors: Andrade Gabriella , Griebler Dalvan , Fernandes Luiz Gustavo
Published: March 2022

O desenvolvimento de aplicações para GPU não é uma tarefa fácil, pois exige um maior conhecimento da arquitetura. Neste trabalho realizamos um estudo piloto para avaliar o esforço de programadores não-especialistas ao desenvolver aplicações para GPU. Os resultados revelaram que a GSParLib requer menos esforço em relação as demais interfaces de programação paralela. Entretanto, mais investigações são necessárias a fim de complementar o estudo.
Processing-In-Memory of Data Filter On Compressed Data
Authors: Kepe Tiago R. , Moreira Francis B. , Alves Marco A. Z.
Published: March 2022

The data filter is essential in data-centric applications, but it requires moving large data sets to the processing units. One approach to tackle such a hassle is data compression by using lightweight compression methods such as dictionary encoding. In this paper, we exploit the idea of Processing-In-Memory (PIM) data filters directly over compressed data. The initial experiments show noticeable speed-ups of over 2x against the AVX512 architecture.
The Impact of Economic Determinants on the Defence Burden in Selected NATO Countries
Authors: Dudzevičiūtė Gitana , Šimelytė Agnė
Published: March 2022

The paper examines the links between economic indicators and the defence burden in selected NATO countries during the period between 1980 and 2020. Three of the largest NATO spenders in terms of defence, such as Greece, Turke, and the USA, have been chosen for the investigation. The question being posed by this research is whether economic factors have an impact on the defence burden. To answer this question, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (further ARDL) modelling has been employed. The results reveal that, in the long-run, the defence burden responds negatively to output changes in the cases of Turkey and Greece. Inflation and the number of military personnel have positive effects on the defence burden in all three countries in the long-run. While in Greece the government gross debt affects the defence burden positively, in the United States and Turkey the government gross debt affects the defence burden negatively. Moreover, the investigation has shown that defence expenditure is less affected by economic determinants in the short term rather than in the long term. The outcomes of the study could be incorporated into the economic development policies of Greece, Turkey and the USA.
A new species of Plagiognathus (Heteroptera: Miridae) associated with the locally endemic Phlomis leucophracta (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) from Karaman, Turkey
Authors: Çerçi Barış
Published: March 2022

Plagiognathus ozgurkocaki sp. nov. is described based on a long series of specimens from Karaman, Turkey. The new species is remarkable among its congeners in Palearctic Region due to the combination of following characters: remarkably small size, dense and unicolorous pale yellow vestiture, darkened cuneus and yellow first antennal segment with a basal ring and pre-apical dots. The new species is associated with the endemic Phlomis leucophracta P.H.Davis & Hub.-Mor. (Lamiaceae) which makes it unique among all its congeners. Additionally, Plagiognathus bipunctatus albicans (Reuter, 1901) and Plagiognathus marivanensis Linnavuori, 2010 are recorded from Karaman, former constitutes a new record for Turkey.
Editorial "Sobreviver é a melhor maneira de resistir"
Authors: Sant'Anna Mara Rúbia , Tavares Cyntia
Published: March 2022

Apresentação crítico-poética do número lançado.
Greenwashing e o mito da sustentabilidade na moda: alienação e fetichismo da mercadoria
Authors: Benetti Luciana Paula , Held Maria Sílvia Barros de
Published: March 2022

O mito da sustentabilidade, juntamente com o greenwashing, são ferramentas de alienação utilizadas pelo mercado com o intuito de desviar a atenção dos problemas ambientais provocados pelo modo de produção capitalista. A abordagem do tema no presente artigo revela as contradições inerentes à forma socioeconômica vigente, especialmente no que tange ao espectro da moda, através da articulação dos conceitos de fetichismo da mercadoria, alienação, valor de uso e ruptura metabólica. Como objetivo, busca-se a intersecção dos discursos em torno da sustentabilidade na moda através de uma abordagem sociopolítica por meio de revisão bibliográfica de especialistas que auxiliem na desmistificação do modo de produção capitalista. Busca-se, portanto, demonstrar a insuficiência e as contradições das narrativas efetuadas pelo mercado da moda, e o sistema capitalista em geral, identificando também práticas de greenwashing, além da utilização do mito da sustentabilidade como instrumento de validação de práticas predatórias do sistema, tanto no que tange ao meio ambiente quanto à sociedade.
Role of biomarkers in the heart failure clinic
Authors: Kim Bong-Joon , Park Jae-Hyeong
Published: March 2022

Heart failure (HF) is a common cardiovascular disease that has a complex pathophysiology. Because it is the final stage of many cardiovascular diseases, proper diagnosis and treatment are crucial for prolonging patients’ survival and improving their well-being. Several biomarkers have been identified in HF, and their roles in diagnosis and prognostication have been widely investigated. Among them, natriuretic peptides are key for diagnosing HF, predicting its prognosis, and monitoring the effectiveness of HF treatment. Moreover, natriuretic peptides can also be used to treat HF. In addition to natriuretic peptides, several other biomarkers were included in the most recent HF management guidelines. Thus, we reviewed the role of the biomarkers included in these guidelines and discussed future perspectives.
High-fidelity storage and on-demand retrieval of quantum states via a microwave waveguide
Authors: Zhu Dao-Quan , Xiang Yu , Sun Feng-Xiao , He Qiong-Yi ,   State Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China,   Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Published: March 2022

On-demand quantum memory is an important step towards practical applications in various quantum information tasks such as long-distance entanglement distribution, quantum computation, and quantum networks. In this work, based on stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) protocol, we introduce a controllable delay between the reading pulse and writing pulse so that the quantum state can be stored in the superconducting waveguide and finally retrieved on demand with high fidelity. Through systematic numerical simulations, we find that if the duration of the writing pulse is set to be in a certain range, the readout unit is capable of retrieving the quantum state stored in the waveguide with high fidelity at any moment after a critical time. Moreover, we also investigate the robustness of our protocol, and find that the fidelity is robust against both the average number of thermal photons in the waveguide and the duration of the reading pulse. The numerical results also show that the pulse area in our protocol is only about one third of that in the original STIRAP protocol. Our protocol provides a practical way to combine the advantages of both on-demand quantum memory and the STIRAP protocol.
Inhibiting host-protein deposition on urinary catheters reduces associated urinary tract infections
Authors: Andersen Marissa Jeme , Fong ChunKi , La Bella Alyssa Ann , Molina Jonathan Jesus , Molesan Alex , Champion Matthew M , Howell Caitlin , Flores-Mireles Ana L
Published: March 2022

Microbial adhesion to medical devices is common for hospital-acquired infections, particularly for urinary catheters. If not properly treated these infections cause complications and exacerbate antimicrobial resistance. Catheter use elicits bladder inflammation, releasing host serum proteins, including fibrinogen (Fg), into the bladder, which deposit on the urinary catheter. Enterococcus faecalis uses Fg as a scaffold to bind and persist in the bladder despite antibiotic treatments. Inhibition of Fg–pathogen interaction significantly reduces infection. Here, we show deposited Fg is advantageous for uropathogens E. faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, and C. albicans, suggesting that targeting catheter protein deposition may reduce colonization creating an effective intervention for catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). In a mouse model of CAUTI, host-protein deposition was reduced, using liquid-infused silicone catheters, resulting in decreased colonization on catheters, in bladders, and dissemination in vivo. Furthermore, proteomics revealed a significant decrease in deposition of host-secreted proteins on liquid-infused catheter surfaces. Our findings suggest targeting microbial-binding scaffolds may be an effective antibiotic-sparing intervention for use against CAUTIs and other medical device infections.
A storage-efficient ensemble classification using filter sharing on binarized convolutional neural networks
Authors: Kim HyunJin , Alnemari Mohammed , Bagherzadeh Nader
Published: March 2022

This paper proposes a storage-efficient ensemble classification to overcome the low inference accuracy of binary neural networks (BNNs). When external power is enough in a dynamic powered system, classification results can be enhanced by aggregating outputs of multiple BNN classifiers. However, memory requirements for storing multiple classifiers are a significant burden in the lightweight system. The proposed scheme shares the filters from a trained convolutional neural network (CNN) model to reduce storage requirements in the binarized CNNs instead of adopting the fully independent classifier. While several filters are shared, the proposed method only trains unfrozen learnable parameters in the retraining step. We compare and analyze the performances of the proposed ensemble-based systems depending on various ensemble types and BNN structures on CIFAR datasets. Our experiments conclude that the proposed method using the filter sharing can be scalable with the number of classifiers and effective in enhancing classification accuracy. With binarized ResNet-20 and ReActNet-10 on the CIFAR-100 dataset, the proposed scheme can achieve 56.74% and 70.29% Top-1 accuracies with 10 BNN classifiers, which enhances performance by 7.6% and 3.6% compared with that using a single BNN classifier.
Synergistic effects of climate and landscape change on the conservation of Amazonian lizards
Authors: Teixeira Cássia de Carvalho , Trevelin Leonardo Carreira , Santos-Costa Maria Cristina dos , Prudente Ana , Silva Daniel Paiva
Published: March 2022

The leading causes of the worldwide decline in biodiversity are global warming, allied with natural habitat loss and fragmentation. Here, we propose an analysis of the synergistic effects of these two factors in 63 species of Amazonian lizards. We predicted that the high-climatic suitability areas of species would be significantly impacted by different deforestation scenarios and the resultant landscape structure and considered that forest-dwelling species would be especially susceptible to deforestation scenarios. We also pointed out species threatened by both drivers and suggested critical areas for their future conservation. According to our results, most species will face future reductions in suitable areas for their occurrence according to five different patterns, two of which represent significant risks for 15 species. Some of these species already deal with severe habitat loss and fragmentation of their current distribution ranges, whereas others will suffer a considerable area reduction related to future range shifts. We emphasize the importance of protected areas (PAs), especially indigenous lands, and the need to plan combined strategies involving PAs’ maintenance and possible implementation of ecological corridors. Finally, we highlight eight species of thermoconformer lizards that constitute present and future conservation concerns related to the combined effects of climate change and habitat loss and that should be carefully evaluated in extinction risk assessments.
Rapid parameter estimation for selective inversion recovery myelin imaging using an open-source Julia toolkit
Authors: Sisco Nicholas J. , Wang Ping , Stokes Ashley M. , Dortch Richard D.
Published: March 2022

Background

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used extensively to quantify myelin content, however computational bottlenecks remain challenging for advanced imaging techniques in clinical settings. We present a fast, open-source toolkit for processing quantitative magnetization transfer derived from selective inversion recovery (SIR) acquisitions that allows parameter map estimation, including the myelin-sensitive macromolecular pool size ratio (PSR). Significant progress has been made in reducing SIR acquisition times to improve clinically feasibility. However, parameter map estimation from the resulting data remains computationally expensive. To overcome this computational limitation, we developed a computationally efficient, open-source toolkit implemented in the Julia language.

Methods

To test the accuracy of this toolkit, we simulated SIR images with varying PSR and spin-lattice relaxation time of the free water pool (R1f) over a physiologically meaningful scale from 5% to 20% and 0.5 to 1.5 s−1, respectively. Rician noise was then added, and the parameter maps were estimated using our Julia toolkit. Probability density histogram plots and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficients (LCCC) were used to assess accuracy and precision of the fits to our known simulation data. To further mimic biological tissue, we generated five cross-linked bovine serum albumin (BSA) phantoms with concentrations that ranged from 1.25% to 20%. The phantoms were imaged at 3T using SIR, and data were fit to estimate PSR and R1f. Similarly, a healthy volunteer was imaged at 3T, and SIR parameter maps were estimated to demonstrate the reduced computational time for a real-world clinical example.

Results

Estimated SIR parameter maps from our Julia toolkit agreed with simulated values (LCCC > 0.98). This toolkit was further validated using BSA phantoms and a whole brain scan at 3T. In both cases, SIR parameter estimates were consistent with published values using MATLAB. However, compared to earlier work using MATLAB, our Julia toolkit provided an approximate 20-fold reduction in computational time.

Conclusions

Presented here, we developed a fast, open-source, toolkit for rapid and accurate SIR MRI using Julia. The reduction in computational cost should allow SIR parameters to be accessible in clinical settings.
An Analysis on Constraints Perceived by the Farmers in Adoption of Conservation Agriculture Practices in Selected Districts of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Ganapathy Ramu M. , Asokhan M.
Published: March 2022

The study was conducted to find out the constraints perceived by the farmers in adoption of conservation agriculture practices. Ex post facto research design was used for this study. The study was conducted in 12 blocks of Cuddalore, Viluppuram and Tiruvarur districts respectively. The constraints part of the interview schedule had open ended questions which were administered to 233 respondents to collect constraints related to adoption of conservation agriculture practices as perceived by the farmers. It has been found from the study that lack of awareness on conservation agriculture principles, non-availability of labours, lack of local manufacturers of conservation agriculture machineries, strong belief in ploughing, insufficient training programme were the major knowledge, agronomical, technology, socio-economic and institutional constraints respectively. Also, suitable suggestions and strategies such as capacity building of farmers as well as extension agents on conservation agriculture, promoting local manufacturers to develop technologies which may suit the local conditions, promote minimum tillage concept instead of intensive ploughing and organizing pre-season training programmes on conservation agriculture practices were discussed to overcome the constraints perceived by the farmers.
The Effects of Revolving Funds on Milk Yields in Kenya
Authors: Chepkirui Norah , Owuor George , Kibet Lawrence
Published: March 2022

The study primarily aimed at determining the effects of revolving funds on milk yields among smallholder dairy farmer groups in Bomet County, Kenya. A cross-sectional quantitative data from 288 sampled dairy farmers, both the adopters and non-adopters of revolving funds was used. Propensity score matching technique was employed and the study results demonstrated that adopters of revolving funds had no significance difference with the non-adopters. This contradicts with the theory of credit access and the possible explanation could be the diversion of these funds to other non-farm sectors. Hence it is recommended that factors inhibiting maximum absorption of farm credit in the farm sectors should be considered by the policy analysts. Specifically, a policy debate of whether to give cash or farm input should be reinforced to ensure that monies set for input purchases are directed to the intended sectors.
Enhancing the Antibacterial Activity of Quinoa Fermented by Probiotics: In vitro and In vivo Study
Authors: Abdelshafy Asem Mahmoud , El-Naggar Eid A. , Kenawi Mohamed N.
Published: March 2022

Fermentation of quinoa by probiotics provides higher nutritional value and can be considered as a significant source of bioactive compounds and alive probiotics for the human body. Moringa leaves powder (MLP) at the levels of 0.25 and 0.50 % were used as an additional prebiotic source to supply quinoa fermentation by Lactobacillus plantaram ATCC 14917 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus EMCC 11102 and produce healthier quinoa products. The results indicated that quinoa products fermented by probiotics showed different antibacterial activity against selected pathogenic bacteria, and supplementation of fermented quinoa products with MLP at bath levels improved its antibacterial activity in most cases. Also, the coliform group counts of rat feces were reduced after feeding for 30 d with fermented quinoa products supplemented with MLP (0.50%). Furthermore, Fermented quinoa products with MLP exhibited acceptable sensory properties compared with fermented quinoa products without MLP. Supplementation of fermented quinoa products with MLP resulted in improving its antibacterial activity with acceptable sensory properties.
\(H_{\infty}\) PID Control for Discrete-time Network Control Systems with Redundant Channels under Dynamic Event-triggered Scheme
Authors: Lin Sisi , Luo Mengzhuo , Jiang Jinhua
Published: March 2022

This paper is concerned with the \(H_{\infty}\) proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control problem for a class of discrete-time networked control systems (NCSs). First, a dynamic event-triggered control (DETC) scheme has been introduced to save the constrained network bandwidth of networked control systems. In addition, in order to reduce the probability of data packet loss and further improve the reliability of network communication, a redundant channels transmission mechanism has been constructed during the sensor transmission process. Considering that the system state may not be obtained directly, an observer has been added when designing a closed-loop system to observe the system state. Then, according to the closed-loop system construction, with the help of Lyapunov function and through a series of derivations, some sufficient conditions are established to guarantee the exponentially stability and the prescribed \(H_{\infty}\) performance for the controlled system. Meanwhile, under the condition that the system satisfies the \(H_{\infty}\) performance, the gains of the observer and PID controller can be derived by solving linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, a simulation example is presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
VÍRUS DO EPSTEIN-BARR: INFECÇÃO, MANIFESTAÇÕES E ONCOGÊNESE
Authors: Cunha Yane Ramos de Oliveira , Carneiro Luana Katlyn Batista Clementino , Izabel Tasciano Dos Santos Santa , Pimenta Rodolfo Cruz
Published: March 2022

O Vírus Epsein-Barr (EBV) pertence à família Herpesviridae, estima-se que se manifeste de maneira latente de 90-95% da população adulta e 40% da população infantil, é um dos sete vírus oncogênicos conhecidos pela humanidade, tem a capacidade de induzir diversas de outras patologias. Objetivos: Discorrer sobre o vírus fazendo alusão às principais características deste, abrangendo desde sua morfologia ao tratamento das doenças por ele influenciadas ou causadas. Metodologia: Foi empregada como técnica de pesquisa o levantamento bibliográfico de caráter sistemático, os critérios de inclusão foram: publicações em português, inglês ou espanhol, publicadas entre os anos de 2010-2020, em sua versão íntegra. Resultados: O período de transmissibilidade oral é de 18 meses, se aloja principalmente na glândula parótida (75 a 92%). A infecção pode ocorrer mais cedo em países com menor desenvolvimento socioeconômico, sem diferenças entre os sexos ou etnia. É capaz de infectar uma grande variedade de células, como epiteliais, linfócitos B, células NK e linfócitos T, indicando forte tendência de indução a doenças autoimunes, possui relação com uma extensa gama de cânceres (principalmente do sistema linfático e de cabeça e pescoço), as 3 principais patologias causadas pelo EBV são a Mononucleose Infecciosa, a Encefalite e a Síndrome de Alice no País das Maravilhas. Conclusão: O EBV é transmitido por contato orossexual e relacionado a diversas patologias e possui uma notável disseminação mundial, este artigo reuniu informações sobre o tratamento, o diagnóstico, a doença e o patógeno, contribuindo com a disseminação de informações relevantes sobre a temática.
Stretchable Microwave Transmission Lines Using Liquid‐Metal Embedded Elastomers
Authors: Watson Alexander M. , Ford Michael J. , Markvicka Eric J. , Fong William W. L. , Venkatesh Suresh , Sengupta Kaushik , Majidi Carmel , Tabor Christopher E.
Published: March 2022

The characterization of an RF transmitter composed of insulating and conducting regions of liquid‐metal embedded elastomer (LMEE) is presented along with in situ measurements of LMEE microstrip lines as they are subjected to local material strains up to 40%. The LMEE is comprised of microscale droplets of a gallium–indium alloy that is liquid at room temperature and suspended within a cured elastomer matrix of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The liquid metal microparticles were initially electrically isolated, but applying mechanical loading caused the permanent formation of highly localized conductive traces. Bonding films of LMEE onto a PDMS dielectric layer resulted in a stretchable microstrip structure that is capable of radio frequency (RF) transmission. Scattering parameter (S‐parameter) measurements for reflection and transmission are presented for these microstrip lines as the electrical length increased up to 19%. A customized clamp was utilized to isolate the mechanical strain on the material from the electrical connectors and allow for transmission line characterization under applied strain and dielectric characterization of the LMEE material was performed. The stretchable microstrip lines show remarkable consistency in transmission response at 0.5–5 GHz when mechanically loaded to 40% strain for 1000 loading cycles.
Flexible Ionic Diodes with High Rectifying Ratio and Wide Temperature Tolerance
Authors: Guo Zi Hao , Wang Hai Lu , Shao Yangshi , Li Longwei , Jia Luyao , Pu Xiong
Published: March 2022

Soft iontronics expand the toolbox of bio‐integrated or bio‐interfaced devices, owing to their natural resemblance with living systems; however, the development for analogous integrated ionic circuits is immature due to the difficulty of fabricating fundamental ionic logic elements. Among these, ionic diodes have motivated great endeavors for their unique ionic current rectifying characteristics. Nonetheless, it is still challenging to achieve high‐performance ionic diodes; also, most reported aqueous solution‐based ionic diodes fail to work at extreme temperatures, seriously hindering their practical uses. This work reports a highly rectifying, temperature‐tolerant, and flexible hydrogel ionic diode enabled by an ethylene glycol/water binary solvent system. The ionic diodes exhibit outstanding dehydration resistance to high temperatures (100 °C) and anti‐freezing performance at low temperatures (−20 °C). Rectification ratios as high as 1201 (with 0% ethylene glycol content) and 566 (with 40% EG content) are achieved, which are distinctly advantageous over most previous reports. A flexible four‐diode bridge full‐wave rectifier circuit is then fabricated, and its integration with the triboelectric nanogenerator for effective biomechanical energy harvesting is demonstrated. This work is believed to open up new insights for the development of future bio‐interfaced applications.
Protein Repellent, Surface‐Attached Hydrogels Through Spray Coating
Authors: Bentley Nathan , Scherag Frank Daniel , Brandstetter Thomas , Rühe Jürgen
Published: March 2022

This work describes a novel technique for the deposition of surface‐attached hydrogels, which is based on a combination of spray coating and CH‐insertion cross‐linking (CHic) to create a protein repellent surface. To this, hydrogel precursor polymers are spray coated onto the surface to be modified, dried, and photo cross‐linked in the solid state. Spray coating allows the application of the hydrogel precursors in a fast and flexible way, so that even geometrically challenging substrates can be coated, such as the round surfaces present in the inside of blood collection tubes. Characterization of the coatings shows that the layer thickness and roughness can be controlled in the sub micrometer range by varying coating parameters. Interestingly, the ability for the deposited and attached layer to repel proteins is highly affected by these parameters. For layers with an identical chemical composition, protein repellent and adsorbing layers can be formed depending on the spraying conditions. Finally, protein and human serum repellency of spray coated layers in glass blood collection tubes is investigated and show a drastic improvement over uncoated tubes.
Facile Fabrication of an Ultrasensitive All‐Fabric Wearable Pressure Sensor Based on Phosphorene‐Gold Nanocomposites
Authors: Weng Xuan , Zhang Cheng , Feng Chengke , Jiang Hai
Published: March 2022

Fabric‐based sensors play a vital role in the development of wearable and flexible electronics. However, the research of wearable fabric‐based sensors with high sensitivity, wearing comfortability, ease of fabrication, superior stability, and fast response time is full of challenges. In this study, an all‐fabric flexible and wearable pressure sensor based on phosphorene‐gold nanocomposites (BP‐AuNCs) is developed. The sensor consists of a pair of screen‐printed interdigital carbon electrodes (SPICEs) and a BP‐AuNCs decorated fabric electrode. Benefiting from the microstructure of fabric fibers and the unique property of BP‐AuNCs, the developed pressure sensor presents excellent piezoresistivity, including a high sensitivity up to 0.372 kPa−1 (0–1.5 kPa), a rapid response time of 24 ms, good stability and durability (>4000 cycles), as well as washing durability. The distinguished performance of the flexible pressure sensor enables detection of subtle signal of human body motion, real‐time monitoring of wrist pulse and respiratory. Importantly, the proposed all‐fabric pressure sensor is fabricated by a simple process and is able to achieve high sensitivity while performing well in response time, wearing comfortability, stability, and reliability, demonstrating its great potential for smart wearable electronics.
Coupled Solid and Inverse Antenna Stacks Above Metal Ground as Metamaterial Perfect Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers with Extreme Subwavelength Thicknesses
Authors: Kim Minji , Jung Kyungmin , Choi Youmee , Hwang Seung Sang , Hyun Jerome K.
Published: March 2022

The ability to completely absorb an electromagnetic (EM) wave with a material much thinner than the wavelength is a prerequisite for achieving ultracompact, flexible, and lightweight EM devices. Herein, a metamaterial microwave perfect absorber is demonstrated as thin as 1/1250 of the target wavelength by coupling an array of metal patches to inverse cross metal antennas through a dielectric separator and with a reflector placed underneath. Compared to a conventional three‐layer absorber, the modified design reduces the resonance frequency by up to tenfolds without altering the patch and dielectric layers, but by reconfiguring the induced current pathways that reorient the dipolar magnetic fields and dramatically boost the magnetic flux. With the reflector, the stack is framed for perfect absorption at the critical coupling condition, which is identified by monitoring the reflection phase shift across the resonance frequency. The study provides guidelines for shrinking the thickness further and can be extended to other frequencies.
Flexible Assembled Metamaterials for Infrared and Microwave Camouflage
Authors: Lee Namkyu , Lim Joon‐Soo , Chang Injoong , Bae Hyung Mo , Nam Juyeong , Cho Hyung Hee
Published: March 2022

Light, heat, and waves in electromagnetic energy are the foundation for the advancement of human being. Camouflage materials based on metamaterials are used to excel the performance limits by manipulating the electromagnetic energy. However, multispectral camouflage materials with flexibility are difficult to fabricate because required radiative properties in each spectral regime are different and have largely different scales of the unit cell in a single structure. The authors propose flexible assembled metamaterials (FAM) by assembling the flexible infrared (IR) emitter and flexible microwave absorber. The authors adopt the intermediate layer to assemble the IR emitter and the microwave absorber, leading to securing the selective emission in IR wave measured by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) measurement and broadening the wavelength of microwave absorption. They calculate the energy dissipation of accumulated energy due to the lowering the radiative energy in the IR regime similar to that of conventional camouflage materials. The wavelength having required absorption (>0.9) for microwave camouflage is wider 2–12 GHz than the conventional microwave absorber. FAM demonstrate multispectral camouflage performances through the decrease in the contrast radiant intensity for IR wave by 75% and the radar cross section for microwave by 99% compared to reference surfaces.
Stereoselective Transaminase‐Mediated Synthesis of Serotonin and Melatonin Receptor Agonists
Authors: Baud Damien , Tappertzhofen Nadine , Moody Thomas S. , Ward John M. , Hailes Helen C.
Published: March 2022

Transaminase enzymes have significant potential for the stereoselective synthesis of drugs or drug precursors. Here, starting from one prochiral β‐tetralone, a short and efficient chemoenzymatic synthesis of four agonists of the serotonin/melatonin receptors have been developed. The key step is the stereoselective transamination of the prochiral ketone to produce both enantiomers of 8‐methoxy‐2‐aminotetraline in high yields and enantiomeric excesses. This was followed by either amidation to give the 8‐methoxy‐2‐acetimidotetralines or several facile chemical steps to the 8‐hydroxy‐2‐aminodipropyltetralines.

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Robust Porous WC‐Based Self‐Supported Ceramic Electrodes for High Current Density Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wang Feihong , Wu Yutong , Dong Binbin , Lv Kai , Shi Yangyang , Ke Nianwang , Hao Luyuan , Yin Liangjun , Bai Yu , Xu Xin , Xian Yuxi , Agathopoulos Simeon
Published: March 2022

Developing an economical, durable, and efficient electrode that performs well at high current densities and is capable of satisfying large‐scale electrochemical hydrogen production is highly demanded. A self‐supported electrocatalytic “Pt‐like” WC porous electrode with open finger‐like holes is produced through industrial processes, and a tightly bonded nitrogen‐doped WC/W (WC‐N/W) heterostructure is formed in situ on the WC grains. The obtained WC‐N/W electrode manifests excellent durability and stability under multi‐step current density in the range of 30–1000 mA cm−2 for more than 220 h in both acidic and alkaline media. Although WC is three orders of magnitude cheaper than Pt, the produced electrode demonstrates comparable hydrogen evolution reaction performance to the Pt electrode at high current density. Density functional theory calculations attribute its superior performance to the electrode structure and the modulated electronic structure at the WC‐N/W interface.
A Bioinspired Artificial Injury Response System Based on a Robust Polymer Memristor to Mimic a Sense of Pain, Sign of Injury, and Healing
Authors: Xu Xiaojie , Cho En Ju , Bekker Logan , Talin A. Alec , Lee Elaine , Pascall Andrew J. , Worsley Marcus A. , Zhou Jenny , Cook Caitlyn C. , Kuntz Joshua D. , Cho Seongkoo , Orme Christine A.
Published: March 2022

Flexible electronic skin with features that include sensing, processing, and responding to stimuli have transformed human–robot interactions. However, more advanced capabilities, such as human‐like self‐protection modalities with a sense of pain, sign of injury, and healing, are more challenging. Herein, a novel, flexible, and robust diffusive memristor based on a copolymer of chlorotrifluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride (FK‐800) as an artificial nociceptor (pain sensor) is reported. Devices composed of Ag/FK‐800/Pt have outstanding switching endurance >106 cycles, orders of magnitude higher than any other two‐terminal polymer/organic memristors in literature (typically 102–103 cycles). In situ conductive atomic force microscopy is employed to dynamically switch individual filaments, which demonstrates that conductive filaments correlate with polymer grain boundaries and FK‐800 has superior morphological stability under repeated switching cycles. It is hypothesized that the high thermal stability and high elasticity of FK‐800 contribute to the stability under local Joule heating associated with electrical switching. To mimic biological nociceptors, four signature nociceptive characteristics are demonstrated: threshold triggering, no adaptation, relaxation, and sensitization. Lastly, by integrating a triboelectric generator (artificial mechanoreceptor), memristor (artificial nociceptor), and light emitting diode (artificial bruise), the first bioinspired injury response system capable of sensing pain, showing signs of injury, and healing, is demonstrated.
Water‐Saturated Ion Gel for Humidity‐Independent High Precision Epidermal Ionic Temperature Sensor
Authors: Kim Hyun Woo , Kim Eunseo , Oh Joosung , Lee Hyomin , Jeong Unyong
Published: March 2022

Although ion gels are attractive sensing materials for deformable epidermal sensors or implantable devices, their sensing performances are highly affected by environmental humidity change, so that their sensing reliability cannot be secured. This study proposes a new concept of maintaining the high‐precision temperature sensing performance of highly deformable ion gel sensors. In this approach, a hydrophobic ion gel sensing layer is kept water‐saturated by attaching a hydrogel layer, rather than attempting to completely block water penetration. This study performs experimental and theoretical investigation on water concentration in the ion gel, using the analysis of mass transportation at the interface of the ion gel and the hydrogel. By using the charge relaxation time of the ionic molecules, the temperature sensor is not affected by environmental humidity in the extreme range of humidity (30%–100%). This study demonstrates a highly deformable on‐skin temperature sensor which shows the same performance either in water or dry state and while exercising with large strains (ε = 50%).
Enantio‐ and Regioselective Construction of 1,4‐Diamines via Cascade Hydroamination of Methylene Cyclopropanes
Authors: Zhou Jian , Yang Qingjing , Lee Chi Sing , Wang Jun (Joelle)
Published: March 2022

Despite the widespread existence of chiral 1,4‐diamines in bioactive molecules and their applications in asymmetric catalysis, the catalytic and asymmetric synthesis of such structures from readily accessible substrates remains a long‐standing challenge. Here, we report a Cu‐catalyzed asymmetric cascade hydroamination protocol to construct a wide range of chiral 1,4‐diamine derivatives in high yields with excellent enatioselectivities (up to 95 % yield and up to >99 % ee). The use of two hydroxylamine esters containing different functionalized amino groups allowed us to increase the complexity of the final 1,4‐diamine structures. The desired products could be easily transformed into chiral 1,4‐diamines and chiral NH2‐Terfenadine. Mechanistic study demonstrates that this reaction proceeds through hydroamination ring‐opening and cascade hydroamination sequence.