bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Picturing Bravery: A Rapid Review of Needle Procedures Depicted in Children’s Picture Books
Authors: Nauman Hiba , Dobson Olivia , Taddio Anna , Birnie Kathryn , McMurtry C.
Published: June 2023

Existing research has identified evidence-based strategies for mitigating fear and pain during needle procedures; yet, families often experience limited access to health professionals who deliver these interventions. Children may benefit from learning about such strategies in a developmentally appropriate and accessible format such as a picture book. This review aimed to summarize content related to needle procedures represented in picture books for 5- to 8-year-old children. Key terms were searched on Amazon, and the website was used to screen for relevant eligibility criteria. Three levels of screening and exclusions resulted in a final sample of 48 books. Quantitative content analysis was used to apply a coding scheme developed based on relevant Clinical Practice Guidelines and systematic reviews. Cohen’s Kappa indicated strong reliability, and frequencies were calculated to summarize the content. The books were published between 1981 and 2022. All 48 books included at least one evidence-based coping strategy. Distressing aspects such as scary visuals were often included (27.1%), as well as specific expressions of fear (52.1%) and pain (16.7%). Overall, this study paves the way for researchers interested in evaluating the effectiveness of picture books on children’s knowledge and self-efficacy, as well as creating interventions for coping.
Genus-Level Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Mini Review
Authors: Levkova Mariya , Chervenkov Trifon , Pancheva Rouzha
Published: June 2023

Autism is a global health problem, probably due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. There is emerging data that the gut microbiome of autistic children differs from the one of typically developing children and it is important to know which bacterial genera may be related to autism. We searched different databases using specific keywords and inclusion criteria and identified the top ten bacterial genera from the selected articles that were significantly different between the studied patients and control subjects studied. A total of 34 studies that met the inclusion criteria were identified. The genera Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Coprococcus, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Streptococcus, and Blautia exhibited the most substantial data indicating that their fluctuations in the gastrointestinal tract could be linked to the etiology of autism. It is probable that autism symptoms are influenced by both increased levels of harmful bacteria and decreased levels of beneficial bacteria. Interestingly, these genera demonstrated varying patterns of increased or decreased levels across different articles. To validate and eliminate the sources of this fluctuation, further research is needed. Consequently, future investigations on the causes of autism should prioritize the examination of the bacterial genera discussed in this publication.
Study on Soil Corrosion Resistance Reinforced with Reactive Powder Concrete in Chloride Environment
Authors: Wang Haozhen , Cai Xin , Peng Xi , Wang Hui , Wang Pengqian
Published: June 2023

The accumulation of residue soil (generally composed of soil, residue, or mud consolidation) is one of the important causes of damage to the environment limiting urban development. At present, the recycling rate of residue soil in developed countries is as high as 90%, while in China it is less than 5%. In marine construction, reinforced concrete often suffers from corrosion, which leads to a decrease in the service life and durability of the structure. Reactive powder concrete (RPC) with high strength and good corrosion resistance can solve these problems. In order to efficiently dispose of residue soil, protect the environment, and promote urbanization development, this study uses residue soil as a raw material to replace some cement in RPC, and studies the corrosion resistance of it (under dry–wet alternations and freeze–thaw cycles). In this study, five types of reinforced RPC with different residue soil contents (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%) are prepared. Firstly, the working performance of blank freshly mixed residue soil RPC slurry is analyzed. Then, the corrosion resistance of residue-soil-reinforced RPC under the dry–wet alternations with 3% NaCl and freeze–thaw cycles is analyzed through parameters such as mass loss rate, electrical resistivity, ultrasonic velocity, AC impedance spectroscopy, and Tafel. The results show that under the dry–wet alternations, when the residue soil content is 10%, the corrosion rate and corrosion depth of the residue-soil-reinforced RPC are the minimum, at 43,744.84 g/m2h and 640.22 mm/year, respectively. Under the freeze–thaw cycles, the corrosion rate and corrosion depth of the 10% residue soil content group are higher than that of the 5%, being 52,592.87 g/m2h and 769.71 mm/year, respectivley. Compared to the other groups, the reinforced RPC with 10% residue soil content shows good corrosion resistance in both dry–wet alternations and freeze–thaw cycles. Replacing some of the cement in RPC with residual soil to control the amount of residual soil at 10% of the total mass of RPC can effectively improve the corrosion resistance of residue-soil-reinforced RPC and maximize the consumption of residue soil. This plan provides a feasible method for residue soil treatment in the construction industry, while also providing inspiration for research on the corrosion resistance of concrete in marine buildings.
Shell of Viviparid Snail as an Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in 1 M HCl
Authors: Wang Qihui , Zhao Chongkang , Zheng Huahao , Zhang Qi , Zhou Xing , Wang Ruozhou , Yan Zhitao , Sun Yi , Li Xueming
Published: June 2023

The shell of viviparid snail extract (SVSE) was prepared by a simple and environmentally friendly hydrolysis method and the corrosion inhibition of carbon steel (CS) by SVSE in 1 M HCl was investigated. HPLC and FTIR analysis showed that the main component of SVSE was a mixture of various amino acids. The results of electrochemical and surface analysis showed that SVSE is a hybrid corrosion inhibitor with a corrosion inhibition efficiency of 95.23%. In addition, the adsorption behavior of SVSE on CS surfaces was also investigated in depth by adsorption isotherms, quantum chemistry (QC) and molecular dynamics simulations (MDS).
Enhancing Infrared Photoluminescence Performance via Li+ Substitution and Yb3+ Codoping in Na3ScSi3O9:Cr3+ Phosphor
Authors: Zhang Zhuanzhuan , Liang Yanjie
Published: June 2023

Cr3+-doped broadband infrared luminescent materials have attracted growing attention in consideration of their potential applications in phosphor-converted infrared light sources. However, discovering infrared-emitting luminescent materials with ultrabroadband emission and excellent thermal stability still remains a challenge. In this work, we report the significant improvement of infrared photoluminescence properties in Na3ScSi3O9:Cr3+ phosphor via Li+ substitution and Yb3+ codoping. The prepared Na3ScSi3O9:Cr3+ phosphor can produce broad infrared emission over 650–1350 nm with a peak maximum at 898 nm under the excitation of blue light. Through the substitution of Li+ for Na+, the maximum infrared emission peak can be tuned from 898 nm to 850 nm. When the Li+ content is 0.5, the integrated infrared luminescence intensity of the obtained Na2.5Li0.5ScSi3O9:Cr3+ phosphor increases by 4.2 times compared with that of the Na3ScSi3O9:Cr3+ phosphor, and the luminescence thermal stability is also improved significantly (58.5%@100 °C). Moreover, Yb3+ codoping can simultaneously realize the characteristic infrared luminescence of Cr3+ and Yb3+, resulting in a broadened spectral width due to efficient energy transfer from Cr3+ to Yb3+. Finally, an ultrabroadband infrared light-emitting diode prototype is fabricated through a combination of the optimized Na2.5Li0.5ScSi3O9:2%Cr3+,0.5%Yb3+ phosphor with a commercial 490 nm LED chip, giving an infrared output power of 5.2 mW at 320 mA drive current. This work provides an effective way to optimize the infrared photoluminescence performance of Cr3+-doped Na3ScSi3O9 infrared phosphors.
Mountain Biodiversity, Species Distribution and Ecosystem Functioning in a Changing World
Authors: Zhang Lin , Wang Jinniu
Published: June 2023

Mountains encompass more than 30% of all land and 23% of the Earth’s forests, with high levels of biodiversity and endemism, and they support diverse habitats and refuges for approximately 85% of amphibian, bird, and mammal species [...]
Evaluation of Emotions from Brain Signals on 3D VAD Space via Artificial Intelligence Techniques
Authors: Işık Ümran , Güven Ayşegül , Batbat Turgay
Published: June 2023

Recent achievements have made emotion studies a rising field contributing to many areas, such as health technologies, brain–computer interfaces, psychology, etc. Emotional states can be evaluated in valence, arousal, and dominance (VAD) domains. Most of the work uses only VA due to the easiness of differentiation; however, very few studies use VAD like this study. Similarly, segment comparisons of emotion analysis with handcrafted features also use VA space. At this point, we primarily focused on VAD space to evaluate emotions and segmentations. The DEAP dataset is used in this study. A comprehensive analytical approach is implemented with two sub-studies: first, segmentation (Segments I–VIII), and second, binary cross-comparisons and evaluations of eight emotional states, in addition to comparisons of selected segments (III, IV, and V), class separation levels (5, 4–6, and 3–7), and unbalanced and balanced data with SMOTE. In both sub-studies, Wavelet Transform is applied to electroencephalography signals to separate the brain waves into their bands (α, β, γ, and θ bands), twenty-four attributes are extracted, and Sequential Minimum Optimization, K-Nearest Neighbors, Fuzzy Unordered Rule Induction Algorithm, Random Forest, Optimized Forest, Bagging, Random Committee, and Random Subspace are used for classification. In our study, we have obtained high accuracy results, which can be seen in the figures in the second part. The best accuracy result in this study for unbalanced data is obtained for Low Arousal–Low Valence–High Dominance and High Arousal–High Valence–Low Dominance emotion comparisons (Segment III and 4.5–5.5 class separation), and an accuracy rate of 98.94% is obtained with the IBk classifier. Data-balanced results mostly seem to outperform unbalanced results.
Modeling and Optimization of Hydraulic and Thermal Performance of a Tesla Valve Using a Numerical Method and Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Vaferi Kourosh , Vajdi Mohammad , Shadian Amir , Ahadnejad Hamed , Moghanlou Farhad Sadegh , Nami Hossein , Jafarzadeh Haleh
Published: June 2023

The Tesla valve is a non-moving check valve used in various industries to control fluid flow. It is a passive flow control device that does not require external power to operate. Due to its unique geometry, it causes more pressure drop in the reverse direction than in the forward direction. This device’s optimal performance in heat transfer applications has led to the use of Tesla valve designs in heat sinks and heat exchangers. This study investigated a Tesla valve with unconventional geometry through numerical analysis. Two geometrical parameters and inlet velocity were selected as input variables. Also, the pressure drop ratio (PDR) and temperature difference ratio (TDR) parameters were chosen as the investigated responses. By leveraging numerical data, artificial neural networks were trained to construct precise prediction models for responses. The optimal designs of the Tesla valve for different conditions were then reported using the genetic algorithm method and prediction models. The results indicated that the coefficient of determination for both prediction models was above 0.99, demonstrating high accuracy. The most optimal PDR value was 4.581, indicating that the pressure drop in the reverse flow direction is 358.1% higher than in the forward flow direction. The best TDR response value was found to be 1.862.
Effect of the RF Power of PECVD on the Crystalline Fractions of Microcrystalline Silicon (μc-Si:H) Films and Their Structural, Optical, and Electronic Properties
Authors: Moreno Mario , Torres-Sánchez Arturo , Rosales Pedro , Morales Alfredo , Torres Alfonso , Flores Javier , Hernández Luis , Zúñiga Carlos , Ascencio Carlos , Arenas Alba
Published: June 2023

In this work, we report on the deposition of microcrystalline silicon (µc-Si:H) films produced from silane (SiH4), hydrogen (H2), and argon (Ar) mixtures using the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique at 200 °C. Particularly, we studied the effect of RF power on the crystalline fraction (XC) of the deposited films, and we have correlated the XC with their optical, electrical, and structural characteristics. Different types of characterization were performed in the µc-Si:H film series. We used several techniques, such as Raman scattering spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), among others. Our results show that RF power had a strong effect on the XC of the films, and there is an optimal value for producing films with the largest XC.
Sliding Mode with Equivalent Control for Induction Motor Drive Based on Multi-Pulse VSC
Authors: Castañeda Carlos E. , Valderrabano-Gonzalez Antonio , Gabbar Hossam A. , Morfín Onofre A.
Published: June 2023

In this work, the application of a sliding mode equivalent control for an induction motor drive based on a multi-pulse Voltage Source Converter is proposed. This is accomplished by transforming the squirrel-cage induction motor mathematical model into a block control form. The equivalent control method is applied to the sliding manifold, where the voltages are obtained in the stationary reference frame to control the angular velocity of the motor. In addition, a proportional-integral control is designed and applied to the motor represented in this form in order to make performance comparisons with the equivalent control method. Multi-pulse converters of 6, 12, and 84 pulses are used directly to feed the plant that is being controlled. The outcomes of using these power electronics devices are used to perform comparisons among the velocity tracking performance, control voltages in stationary reference frame, tracking errors, and rejection of external disturbances. Furthermore a dynamic and steady-state analysis of the velocity tracking performance is executed. The energy profiles for the startup, torque variations, and steady-state are also obtained. Additionally, total harmonic distortion values are added. All comparisons are carried out using the established plan for the motor, both with and without the use of power electronics converters, and with both control algorithms. The obtained results demonstrate that the use of a high-quality voltage source converter, along with a good control strategy, allows for a general improvement in the overall system and a significant reduction in energy usage, whilst also reducing controller complexity.
Energy-Exergy–Economic (3E) -Optimization Analysis of a Solar System for Cooling, Heating, Power, and Freshwater Generation System for a Case Study Using Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Authors: Assari Mohammad Reza , Assareh Ehsanolah , Agarwal Neha , Setareh Milad , Alaei Nazanin , Moradian Ali , Lee Moonyong
Published: June 2023

In this research, analysis of a cogeneration system harnessing solar energy with the purpose of producing electricity and freshwater is carried out. A parabolic trough collector (PTC), a reverse osmosis (RO) desalination system and a steam Rankine cycle are considered as the primary modules of the system. Optimization is conducted on the basis of the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), while the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) is used to cope with the presented thermodynamic model. Sensitivity analysis of different key parameters including pump and turbine efficiencies, pump and turbine inlet pressures, evaporator pinch point and inlet temperature and, finally, solar radiation are calculated. A location with high solar energy potential is selected to explore the feasibility of installing the designed system. The case study results show that the maximum level of freshwater production happens during June and July due to an increased sunlight and ambient temperature. Annual electricity and distilled water production of 260,847.6586 MW and 73,821.34 m3 are calculated, respectively. Furthermore, the optimum results regarding the cost rate and exergy efficiency were found to be 35.26 $/h and 12.02%, respectively.
Effects of Boundary Conditions on Performance Prediction of Deep-Buried Ground Heat Exchangers for Geothermal Energy Utilization
Authors: Ma Zhendi , Qin Siyu , Zhang Yuping , Chen Wei-Hsin , Jia Guosheng , Cheng Chonghua , Jin Liwen
Published: June 2023

An accurate prediction for deep-buried ground heat exchangers (DBGHEs) is the premise for efficient utilization of geothermal energy. Due to the complexity of the geological composition spanning thousands of meters, the configuration of boundary conditions plays a critical role in evaluating DBGHE thermal performance. This paper proposed a three-dimensional model of full-scale DBGHE involving both conductive and convective heat transfer in aquifuge and aquifer layers. The constant inlet temperature and constant heating power boundaries in the DBGHE domain, and the surface–bottom temperature and heat flux boundaries in the rock-soil domain were examined. It was found that the differences in the performance prediction caused by different DBGHE boundary conditions were closely related to the system’s operating time. The relative differences in heat extraction amount and average borehole temperature of 2000 m DBGHE caused by the two inlet boundaries on the 30th day were, respectively, 19.5% and 18.3%, while these differences on the 120th day were decreased to 8.4% and 9.9%, respectively. It was found that the constant inlet temperature boundary was more appropriate than the constant heating power condition for estimating aquifer effects on the performance of DBGHE. For the rock-soil domain, the results showed that the heat extraction amount of DBGHE under the heat flux boundary was 12.6%–13.6% higher than that under the surface–bottom temperature boundary. Particularly, when considering the velocity change of groundwater in the aquifer, the relative difference in heat extraction amount increments caused by the two types of rock-soil boundaries can reach 26.6% on the 120th day. It was also found that the thermal influence radius at the end of a heating season was hardly affected by either the DBGHE inlet or rock-soil domain boundary conditions.
A Comprehensive Small-Signal Model Formulation and Analysis for the Quasi-Y Impedance-Source Inverter
Authors: Santos Rafael , Rodrigues Marcus V. M. , Arenas Luis De Oro , Gonçalves Flávio A. S.
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a detailed derivation of the small-signal model and components design considerations for the Quasi-Y-Source inverter. The design methodology is based on the converter steady-state operation, considering the impedance network inductor and capacitor voltage and charge balances, respectively. Moreover, the additional design criteria for component selection, considering control constraints and performance compromise, are given by parametric variation analysis based on converter dynamic response. The small-signal model and transfer functions are obtained using a state-space averaged model, including converter non-ideal characteristics given by equivalent-series resistances (ESR), which makes possible the proposition of different control strategies, using both single or multi-loop schemes. To demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed small-signal model, a DSP-based single-loop type-II PI control strategy is used in which the peak DC-link voltage is indirectly controlled through the measurement of the impedance network capacitor voltage. The controller and converter performances are verified with simulation and experimental results and successfully confirm the validity of the proposed dynamic model. Finally, the obtained results are validated with a built small-scale three-phase/three-wire inverter prototype.
On the Issue of the Creation and Functioning of Energy Efficiency Management Systems for Technological Processes of Mining Enterprises
Authors: Rzazade Ulvi , Deryabin Sergey , Temkin Igor , Kondratev Egor , Ivannikov Alexander
Published: June 2023

This work is devoted to the construction and analysis of the functioning of energy efficiency management systems for the technological processes of mining industries. The main idea of this work is to substantiate and describe an approach to the intellectualization of data processing methods and tools used in the operation of energy efficiency management systems. This paper provides a brief overview of the problems of implementing the ISO 50001 standard and provides a justification for the need to bring the energy efficiency management systems prescribed by the standard to an automated form. Functional requirements for the construction of such automated systems for mining industries, considering the use of Industry 4.0 technologies, are formulated. A structural–functional model of the conceptual architecture of the proposed system is given. The problems of the direct integration of computational methods of data mining for the implementation of the required functions are shown. A statistical analysis of the technological information of 11 enterprises is presented, confirming the described problems and the validity of the stated requirements for building the system. Based on the results of the work, steps to eliminate problems and further plans for the modernization of energy efficiency management systems in the industry have been identified.
Neural Network Predictive Control for Improved Reliability of Grid-Tied DFIG-Based Wind Energy System under the Three-Phase Fault Condition
Authors: Behara Ramesh Kumar , Saha Akshay Kumar
Published: June 2023

This research explores a distinctive control methodology based on using an artificial neural predictive control network to augment the electrical power quality of the injection from a wind-driven turbine energy system, engaging a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) into the grid. Because of this, the article focuses primarily on the grid-integrated wind turbine generation’s dependability and capacity to withstand disruptions brought on by three-phase circuit grid failures without disconnecting from the grid. The loading of the grid-integrated power inverter causes torque and power ripples in the DFIG, which feeds poor power quality into the power system. Additionally, the DC bus connection of the DFIG’s back-to-back converters transmits these ripples, which causes heat loss and distortion of the DFIG’s phase current. The authors developed a torque and power content ripple suppression mechanism based on an NNPC to improve the performance of a wind-driven turbine system under uncertainty. Through the DC bus linkage, it prevented ripples from being transmitted. The collected results are evaluated and compared to the existing control system to show the advancement made by the suggested control approach. The efficacy of the recommended control methodology for the under-investigation DFIG system is demonstrated through modelling and simulation using the MATLAB Simulink tool. The most effective control technique employed in this study’s simulations to check the accuracy of the suggested control methodology was the NNPC.
Economic Viability of Implementing Structural Health Monitoring Systems on the Support Structures of Bottom-Fixed Offshore Wind
Authors: Vieira Mario , Snyder Brian , Henriques Elsa , White Craig , Reis Luis
Published: June 2023

Offshore wind (OSW) energy is a renewable source with strong prospects of development that may decisively contribute towards energy independence. Offshore wind is, however, not yet ubiquitously cost competitive, and frequently requires support schemes to finance its extensive capital requirements. Therefore, cost reduction strategies are necessary for the future development of offshore wind technologies. Even if structural health monitoring (SHM) systems are currently applied for the inspection of critical mechanical structures, they have not been the focus of research from offshore wind stakeholders. The main goal of this study is to evaluate the viability of SHM systems on the support structures of bottom-fixed offshore wind (BFOSW), alongside the impact of implementing these systems on life-cycle. Economic models are used to estimate the impact of implementing these systems, explained using a case-study of the Kaskasi farm in the German North Sea. General results indicate that installing SHM systems on the support structures of offshore wind can shift the maintenance strategies from preventive to predictive, allowing the intervals between inspections to be increased without a reduction on equipment availability. The greatest benefit is related with the possibility of extending the operational life of the farm.
Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision for Geoinformation System-Based Offshore Wind Farm Positioning in Croatia
Authors: Racetin Ivana , Ostojić Škomrlj Nives , Peko Marina , Zrinjski Mladen
Published: June 2023

Renewable energy is one of the main components of a sustainable world and its future. The consumption of electricity from renewable sources in Croatia has an impressive rate of 53.5%, but offshore wind turbines (OWT) have not yet been installed in the Adriatic Sea. The aim of this study is to determine the possibilities for offshore wind farm (OWF) positioning in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea using marine spatial planning (MSP). Initial research to determine the points of interest was conducted based on wind speed. The authors established ten possible points for further research. Subsequently, different parameters were used as inputs for exclusion. The Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to calculate the weighting coefficients for a suitable set of criteria, exactly six of them. Using a combination of geoinformation system (GIS) analysis and weighting coefficients established through Fuzzy AHP, four points were established as suitable for OWF installation in Croatia. Finally, the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method was used to select the best order for OWF positioning in the eastern part of the Adriatic Sea. To conclude, there are not many options for OWF positioning in Croatia. Furthermore, it is clear that they exist and should be explored further.
Environmental and Social Life Cycle Assessment of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Management in Italy According to EU Directives
Authors: Ghisellini Patrizia , Passaro Renato , Ulgiati Sergio
Published: June 2023

The current Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) management system of the European Union to be applied in all member states was introduced in 2002 by the first WEEE directive (2002/96/EC). Since the beginning, the system was intended to improve the management of WEEE and promote circular economy principles in the sector. This study aims at evaluating the environmental and social impacts of the WEEE management system in Italy, with a special focus on collection and recycling in Campania Region (the third more populated Italian Region, Southern Italy). The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is jointly applied with the Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA). All five categories of WEEE (R1 to R5) are considered in the assessment. The LCA results show that the extraction of metals and materials from 1 tonne of WEEE collection and recycling generates much lower environmental impacts than the extraction and refining of an equivalent amount of virgin resources. In particular, the results of the environmental LCA highlight that the treatment of 1 tonne of WEEE collected in the Campania Region provides the opportunity to recover several metals such as Aluminum, Iron, Steel and ferrous materials, Copper, Nickel, Lead, and precious metals (Gold, Silver, and Palladium). According to S-LCA, the collection and recycling of 1 tonne of WEEE provides positive impacts to the investigated sub-categories of recipients (i.e., local community and society), except in some cases where the collection may potentially generate negative impacts, expressed by a lower “safe and healthy living conditions” indicator in the local community sub-category. In particular, much more must be done to support small Municipalities towards better collection procedures and integration within the largest Regional and national WEEE valorization networks. Solutions are suggested to improve the transition of the WEEE management system towards a more just environmental and social circular economy model.
Optimizing Bacillus thuringiensis (Btk) Aerial Spray Prescriptions in Mixed Balsam Fir-White Spruce Stands against the Eastern Spruce Budworm
Authors: Fuentealba Alvaro , Pelletier-Beaulieu Émile , Dupont Alain , Hébert Christian , Berthiaume Richard , Bauce Éric
Published: June 2023

Forest protection against eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), relies on aerial applications of Bacillus thuringiensis (Btk). However, Btk prescriptions have been developed for balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) stands, generating uncertainty as to the relevance of this protection approach on white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss). The main goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of three Btk application treatments (early application, late application, and double application) for protecting white spruce and balsam fir in mixed stands. Our results show that all Btk treatments tested kept defoliation under the 50% threshold on balsam fir (27.7 to 38.1% less defoliation than in controls). In contrast, differences in defoliation among treatments were not significant for white spruce. Larval mortality was significantly lower on white spruce than on balsam fir. The low efficacy of Btk treatments on white spruce may be explained by its shoot phenology (most bud caps were still present during the early application), and its foliar chemistry, which could decrease Btk efficacy. Consequently, many larvae may survive simply because Btk spores do not reach them, or because they may consume sublethal doses. We recommend maintaining the current strategy in mixed stands, as it provides a good protection for balsam fir. Further research is needed to determine the causes of the low efficacy of Btk treatments on white spruce.
The Evaluation of the Grade of Leaf Disease in Apple Trees Based on PCA-Logistic Regression Analysis
Authors: Xing Bingqian , Wang Dian , Yin Tianzhen
Published: June 2023

Extensive research suggested that the core of how to use pesticides scientifically is the careful and accurate determination of the severity of crop diseases. The existing grading standards of plant leaf diseases have been excessively singular. Thus, the diseases roughly fall into general and severe grades. To address the above problems, this study considered the effect of the distribution of disease spots, and two evaluation indicators (termed the imbalance degree and main vein distance) were newly added to optimize the grading criteria of apple leaf diseases. Combined with other factors, the grade evaluation indicator was determined through PCA principal component analysis. A gradual multivariate logistic regression algorithm was proposed to evaluate apple leaf disease grade and an optimized apple leaf disease grade evaluation model was built through PCA-logistic regression analysis. In addition, three common apple leaf diseases with a total of 4500 pictures (i.e., black rot, scab, and rust) were selected from several open-source datasets as the subjects of this paper. The object detection algorithm was then used to verify the effectiveness of the new model. As indicated by the results, it can be seen from the loss curve that the loss rate reaches a stable range of around 70 at the epoch. Compared with Faster R-CNN, the average accuracy of Mask R-CNN for the type and grade recognition of apple leaf disease was optimized by 4.91%, and the average recall rate was increased by 5.19%. The average accuracy of the optimized apple leaf disease grade evaluation model was 90.12%, marking an overall increase of 20.48%. Thus, the effectiveness of the new model was confirmed.
Heart DT: Monitoring and Preventing Cardiac Pathologies Using AI and IoT Sensors
Authors: Avanzato Roberta , Beritelli Francesco , Lombardo Alfio , Ricci Carmelo
Published: June 2023

Today’s healthcare facilities require new digital tools to cope with the rapidly increasing demand for technology that can support healthcare operators. The advancement of technology is leading to the pervasive use of IoT devices in daily life, capable of acquiring biomedical and biometric parameters, and providing an opportunity to activate new tools for the medical community. Digital twins (DTs) are a form of technology that are gaining more prominence in these scenarios. Many scientific research papers in the literature are combining artificial intelligence (AI) with DTs. In this work, we propose a case study including a proof of concept based on microservices, the heart DT, for the evaluation of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals by means of an artificial intelligence component. In addition, a higher-level platform is presented and described for the complete management and monitoring of cardiac pathologies. The overall goal is to provide a system that can facilitate the patient–doctor relationship, improve medical treatment times, and reduce costs.
Secure Partitioning of Cloud Applications, with Cost Look-Ahead
Authors: Bocci Alessandro , Forti Stefano , Guanciale Roberto , Ferrari Gian-Luigi , Brogi Antonio
Published: June 2023

The security of Cloud applications is a major concern for application developers and operators. Protecting users’ data confidentiality requires methods to avoid leakage from vulnerable software and unreliable Cloud providers. Recently, trusted execution environments (TEEs) emerged in Cloud settings to isolate applications from the privileged access of Cloud providers. Such hardware-based technologies exploit separation kernels, which aim at safely isolating the software components of applications. In this article, we propose a methodology to determine safe partitionings of Cloud applications to be deployed on TEEs. Through a probabilistic cost model, we enable application operators to select the best trade-off partitioning in terms of future re-partitioning costs and the number of domains. To the best of our knowledge, no previous proposal exists addressing such a problem. We exploit information-flow security techniques to protect the data confidentiality of applications by relying on declarative methods to model applications and their data flow. The proposed solution is assessed by executing a proof-of-concept implementation that shows the relationship among the future partitioning costs, number of domains and execution times.
Approximation of Aperiodic Signals Using Non-Integer Harmonic Series: The Generalized NAFASS Approach
Authors: Nigmatullin Raoul R. , Khamzin Airat A. , Chen Yangquan
Published: June 2023

In this paper, the non-orthogonal amplitude-frequency analysis of smoothed signals (NAFASS) method) is used to approximate discrete aperiodic signals from various complex systems with the non-integer harmonic series (NIHS). When approximating by the NIHS, there is a problem in determining the dispersion law for harmonic frequencies. In the original version of the NAFASS approach, the frequency dispersion law was determined from a linear-difference equation. However, many complex systems in nature have frequency distributions that differ from the linear law, which is used in the conventional Fourier analysis of periodic signals. This paper proposes a generalization of the NAFASS method for describing aperiodic signals by the NIHS with a frequency distribution that satisfies a recursive formula, which coincides with the local generalized geometric mean (GGM). The methodology of the generalized NAFASS method is demonstrated using descriptions of financial data (prices for metals) and sound data (sounds of insects) as examples. The results show the effectiveness of the generalized NAFASS approach for describing real-world time data. This discovery allows us to propose a new classification scheme for smoothed and aperiodic signals captured as responses and envelopes from various complex systems.
Update on Molecular Diagnostics in Thyroid Pathology: A Review
Authors: Alzumaili Bayan , Sadow Peter M.
Published: June 2023

Thyroid nodules are quite common, and the determination of a nodule of concern is complex, involving serum testing, radiology and, in some cases, pathological evaluation. For those nodules that raise clinical concern of neoplasia, fine needle aspiration biopsy is the gold standard for evaluation; however, in up to 30% of cases, results are indeterminate for malignancy, and further testing is needed. Advances in molecular testing have shown it to be of benefit for both diagnostic and prognostic purposes, and its use has become an integral part of thyroid cancer management in the United States and in several global nations. After The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) consortium published its molecular landscape of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and reduced the “black matter” in PTC from 25% to 3.5%, further work ensued to clarify the remaining fraction not neatly attributed to the BRAFV600E-like or RAS-like phenotypes of the TCGA. Over the past decade, commercial molecular platforms have been refined as data accrues, and they increasingly cover most genetic variants of thyroid carcinomas. Molecular reporting focuses on the nodule tested, including related clinical information for that nodule (size of nodule, Bethesda category, etc.). This results in a comprehensive report to physicians that may also include patient-directed, clear language that facilitates conversations about nodule management. In cases of advanced or recurrent disease, molecular testing may become essential for devising an individual therapeutic plan. In this review, we focus on the evolution of integrated molecular testing in thyroid nodules, and how our understanding of tumor genetics, combined with histopathology, is driving the next generation of rational patient management, particularly in the context of emerging small, targetable therapeutics.
Dynamic Prediction of Longitudinal Settlement of Existing Tunnel Using ConvRes-DLinear Model with Integration of Undercrossing Construction Process Information
Authors: Nie Cong , Zhang Dongming , Ouyang Linghan , Huang Xu , Zhang Bo , Tong Yue
Published: June 2023

Undercrossing construction can cause severe structural deformation of the above existing tunnel in operation. The induced longitudinal differential settlement between the segments can pose a huge risk to running subways, hence it is of great importance to monitor and predict the settlement. Within this study, a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) system was implemented to obtain hourly monitoring data of settlement from the very beginning of undercrossing to post construction period. An improved direct multi-step (DMS) forecasting model called ConvRes-DLinear is proposed, which fuses monitoring data with time and process encoding bias to deeply extract and learn temporal correlation of time series. A residual LSTM model is also constructed to compare the accuracy of the improved DLinear model. The training and testing experiment on the monitoring data of longitudinal settlement obtained by WSN system shows that the ConvRes-DLinear model with time and process encoding bias performs surprisingly well with a minimum prediction error. The features of the proposed model are discussed to make the results explainable. The monitoring system and time series forecasting model proposed in this study have a guiding significance for the monitoring and prediction of longitudinal differential settlement of tunnels under environmental disturbance.
A Low-Cost, Repeatable Method for 3D Particle Analysis with SfM Photogrammetry
Authors: Tunwal Mohit , Lim Aaron
Published: June 2023

The characterisation of particle shape is an important analysis in the field of sedimentary geology. At finer scales, it is key for understanding sediment transport while at coarser scales, such as boulders, it is vital for coastal protection. However, the accurate characterisation of particle shape is restricted by the application of 2D imaging for 3D objects or expensive and time-consuming 3D imaging methods such as X-ray tomography or laser scanning. This research outlines a low-cost, easy-to-use 3D particle imaging and shape characterisation methodology employing structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry. A smartphone device was used to capture 2D images of pebble/cobble-sized samples, which were converted to 3D image models using SfM. The 3D image models were then analysed using a comprehensive set of 16 size and shape parameters. Furthermore, a minimum resolution, independent of particle size, is proposed here for the 3D image models for reliable and reproducible size and shape analysis. Thus, the methodology presented here for 3D particle imaging and size and shape analysis can be translated for a range of particle sizes. This work thus opens a pathway for the use of readily accessible imaging devices, such as smartphones, to flexibly obtain image data both in situ as well as in laboratories, thus providing an immensely powerful tool for research and teaching.
Feasibility of Ecofriendly Mortars with Different Hemp Additions for Use in Building Sector
Authors: Ferrández Daniel , Álvarez Dorado Manuel , Zaragoza-Benzal Alicia , Leal Matilla Alberto
Published: June 2023

Cement mortars are commonly used in building works for the execution of enclosures and exterior rehabilitation of facades. The incorporation of plant-based additives enables the development of ecofriendly construction materials. In this work, a physical and mechanical characterisation of cement mortars with the incorporation of hemp in three morphologies (fibre, powder and pellet) was conducted. The results show how the additions of hemp powder and pellets with a partial replacement of natural aggregate reduce the final density of cement mortars and their thermal conductivity by more than 16% and 19%, respectively. On the other hand, the addition of hemp fibres reduces shrinkage during the setting of cement mortars, improving their flexural strength and increasing their durability. For this reason, it is possible to recommend the use of these mortars with the addition of natural hemp fibres without prior surface treatment to improve the physical-mechanical properties of these construction materials and extend their application field as ecofriendly materials for masonry work.
Long-Term Non-Users of Transcutaneous Auditory Implants: Thirty Years of Experience at a Single Institution
Authors: Calvino Miryam , Sánchez-Cuadrado Isabel , Gavilán Javier , Lassaletta Luis
Published: June 2023

Background: Although it is a recognized phenomenon, there is little published in the literature on the discontinuation of auditory implant use. Aim: To evaluate the incidence of device non-use of transcutaneous auditory implants. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study of all living individuals (children and adults) implanted at the La Paz Hospital (Madrid, Spain) between 1992–2015, with a follow-up examination endpoint of December 2022. 356 device recipients were included: 316 with cochlear implants (CI), 22 with middle-ear implants (Vibrant Soundbridge, VSB), and 18 with bone conduction implants (Bonebridge, BB). Results: Nine CI recipients (2.8%) were identified as non-users (mean follow-up 15.1 ± 5.4 years). The reasons for non-use were implant failure and reimplantation rejection, lack of benefit, non-attendance of rehabilitation sessions, loss of the audio processor, and cognitive and linguistic difficulties. None of them experienced any surgical complications. Six VSB recipients (27.3%) were device non-users (mean follow-up 11.4 ± 2.1 years). All of them experienced device failure or surgical complications. To date, none of the BB recipients is a non-user (mean follow-up 8.6 ± 1.1 years). Conclusion: The rates of non-use of transcutaneous auditory implants vary widely between different types of implants. Given the small proportion of non-users, information on what are the predictive factors could not be determined. The reasons for non-use should be carefully documented and used to guide careful patient selection to reduce the risk of non-use in future candidates.
Sources of Microplastic Generation in the Environment
Authors: Moita Neto José Machado , Silva Elaine Aparecida da
Published: June 2023

The number of scientific papers on microplastics in the environment has grown exponentially [...]
Job Satisfaction and Perceived Structural Support in Remote Working Conditions—The Role of a Sense of Community at Work
Authors: Buonomo Ilaria , Ferrara Bruna , Pansini Martina , Benevene Paula
Published: June 2023

Changes in work assets due to the COVID-19 pandemic posed several challenges to employees’ well-being, especially in the light of the changes in the work organization, such as remote working and the massive use of IT. According to the literature on the role of technologies at work, the organization’s ability to support remote working is a valuable protective factor. At the same time, social distancing due to the pandemic forced employees to use a new relational asset. This, in turn, can shed new light on how the sense of connection and belonging to an organization impacts remote working experiences. This paper will test the mediational effect of structural support and sense of community at work in the link between job demands and job satisfaction in a sample of remote workers. The study involved 635 participants aged 21 to 70 (mean = 46.7, SD = 11; females = 61%). Among them, 33% had remote working experiences before the first Italian lockdown (March 2020). The research protocol included scales from the COPSOQ-III (job demands, sense of community, job satisfaction) and a questionnaire to evaluate the structural support related to the remote working asset. Results from a structural equation model showed a partial mediating effect of sense of community, but not of structural support, in the link between job demands and job satisfaction (χ2(22) = 76.918, p = 0.00, CFI = 0.966, TLI = 0.944, RMSEA = 0.063 (90% CI = 0.048–0.078, p = 0.079), SRMR = 0.044). The role of such associations for future technology-based work assets is detailed in the discussion.
Recent Insight about HE4 Role in Ovarian Cancer Oncogenesis
Authors: Anastasi Emanuela , Farina Antonella , Granato Teresa , Colaiacovo Flavia , Pucci Beatrice , Tartaglione Sara , Angeloni Antonio
Published: June 2023

Currently, ovarian cancer (OC) is a target of intense biomarkers research because of its frequent late diagnosis and poor prognosis. Serum determination of Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is a very important early detection test. Most interestingly, HE4 plays a unique role in OC as it has been implicated not only in OC diagnosis but also in the prognosis and recurrence of this lethal neoplasm, actually acting as a clinical biomarker. There are several evidence about the predictive power of HE4 clinically, conversely less has been described concerning its role in OC oncogenesis. Based on these considerations, the main goal of this review is to clarify the role of HE4 in OC proliferation, angiogenesis, metastatization, immune response and also in the development of targeted therapy. Through a deeper understanding of its functions as a key molecule in the oncogenetic processes underlying OC, HE4 could be possibly considered as an essential resource not only for diagnosis but also for prognosis and therapy choice.