bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvements in Quality Assurance for Blowout Preventers Assembling/Disassembling and Maintenance Operations
Authors: Nae Ion , Ionescu Gabriela Cristina , Ionescu Octavian Narcis
Published: June 2014

The oil extraction industry presents many hazard related issues and consequently the majority of equipment used in oil well rigs has to present an increased degree of reliability. Within many other pieces of equipment with concerns the most relevant it is the blowout preventer. Any fault of the blowout preventers could lead to major accidents, with serious consequences on oil well rig equipment integrity, personnel health and not the last environmental damages. Based on the pervious presented issues there it is obvious that assembling/disassembling and all the maintenance operations conducted on blowout preventers shall be thoroughly conducted, carefully monitored and well documented in order to avoid any further problem in service.
In this article it is presented a new approach in monitoring assembling/disassembling and maintenance operations conducted on blowout preventers. This new approach is based on the facilities offered by Microsoft Project software package and uses the Gantt chart project template as a monitoring tool for different operations conducted on blowout preventers.
Vision Based Measurement of Refueling Drogue for Autonomous Aerial Refueling
Authors: Wang Xu Feng , Dong Xin Min , Kong Xing Wei , Zhi Jian Hui
Published: June 2014

Autonomous aerial refueling (AAR) can improve the long-distance and rapid strike capacities of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) significantly by extending its range as well as loiter time. This paper has mainly studied on the measurement of refueling drogue during the docking phase of the probe-drogue UAV-AAR. Firstly, the monocular vision based drogue detection and recognition method is presented. Secondly, the measuring method of relative position between the drogue and UAV based on the model of camera calibration is researched. Finally, the semi-physical experimental system of drogue spacial location for UAV-AAR during short-range docking phase is constructed. The drogue measuring experiment based on monocular vision is implemented, and the performance of the monocular vision method for drogue measurement and the validity of the experimental scheme are verified.
Research on the Gear Box Fault Diagnosis of Self-Propelled Artillery Based on Vibration Signal Analysis
Authors: Zhou Ren Bin , Zhang Yong Feng , Yang Jie Min , Ling Feng
Published: June 2014

As a universal component connection and power transmission gear box, is widely used in the modern industrial equipment, but also an easy failure parts, has a great influence on the running state of the working performance of the whole machine. This paper first analyzes the gear box fault form and characteristics, the gear box fault diagnosis method based on vibration signal analysis, and analysis of the vibration signal processing method for gear vibration signal analysis in time domain, including parameters, resonance demodulation method and cepstrum analysis method. Then using Visual C + + language and data acquisition card for real-time acquisition of gearbox vibration data software, including parameter setting, data acquisition module, signal real-time display module and data storage module. The data acquisition program is developed, the actual acquisition of gearbox vibration data of gear fault and bearing fault, and analyzed.
Structural Design and Analysis of Abrasive Disk for Biplane of Multiple Workpieces
Authors: Bian Pei Ying
Published: June 2014

The planetary lapping is an effective method to improve the precision and efficiency, to obtain the ideal grinding trajectory by changing the planetary structure on the basis of the traditional abrasive mechanism. In order to grinding double plane of multi workpieces at the same time, first the design specific analyze the trajectory, Then, the planetary grinding structure is designed according to the processing requirements, and finally, the trajectory of the lapping is simulated by the kinematics and geometry, in order to verify its availability. The grinding machine is not only has a high machining accuracy and machining quality, but also is simultaneously used in the multiple workpieces having different cross-section within a certain size, in addition, it improves the processing efficiency and reduces processing costs. tables etc.
Construction of the Precision Solution Spraying System Based on Single-Axis Servo Control
Authors: Tang Xiao Long , Geng Chun Ming
Published: June 2014

In modern industrial processing of the materials, the solution spraying technology is widely used. Spraying a layer of special solution plays an important role to change their physical and chemical properties. Based on single-axis servo control, precision solution spraying system is able to spray a very thin and a uniform layer of solution on the surface of materials as required. The spraying system mechanical structure is mainly composed of these parts: housing, single-axis servo translation stage, push-pull syringe, multifunctional nozzle and other components. The servo translation stage is capable of providing precise control of speed and stroke by using a specialized controller and driver. The system is running stably and smoothly throughout the experiments after the completion of the entire system assembly and it can fully comply with the requirements of customers with excellent sealing performance, feature-rich and human-friendly control interface and compact mechanical structure.
Analyzing the Technical Evolutionary Paths of Converter Tilting Mechanism and Forecasting the Further Development Tendency
Authors: Wang Jian Xin , Cao Xian Qing , Wu Qi Ming
Published: June 2014

Developments of products and technologies always follow certain objective law and the same objective law can be applied in different technical fields. the innovation processes of any products follow a law, the development of all technical innovation is toward maximum function. By applying some technical evolution paths, this paper analyses the technical development process of Converter Tilting Machines and forecasts the future development. The evolutionary paths of converter tilting mechanism has been analyzed by using TRIZ Theory, and, the development of Converter Tilting Machine has been forecasted. According to the path toward flexibility, we can forecast that Converter Tilting Machine can be driven by Filed force.
Fire Rescue Robot Design Based on Solidworks
Authors: Zhang Rong , Wang Wen Ping , Shi Zhi Qiang , Hu Jun , Xu Peng Fei , Wu Xing , Li Hui
Published: June 2014

This paper introduces the fire rescue the robot's stability of the mechanical design and theory research. Through the Solidworks 3d software simulation model is established, and summarizes the analysis of its mechanical structure reliability and the stability of the overall performance, help to promote the equipment used in our country in the process of fire rescue..
Research on Power Communication Network Integrated All-Optical Switching
Authors: Shen Wen , Deng Hui , Wang Wei , Yu Hai
Published: June 2014

In this paper, we give an introduction to all-optical switching in power communication network. We apply the all-optical technology into electric power communication network. Edge node is designed to complete the optical packet optical packet generation and split into groups of common features. The core node is designed to forward optical packet to complete way finding functionality. All-optical technology shows advantages in protecting the transmission of real-time business requirements to maximize bandwidth utilization and network availability.
Waste Electronics Recycling System Based on Electronic Information Platform
Authors: Wang Chao Chao , Wang Dong Dong , Song Jia Ling
Published: June 2014

It is very important to recycle and deal with them effectively for environment protection resources saving. In this paper, on the basis of relevant knowledge of classified recycling, we combine the situation of our surveying actually, establish electronic information platform which is suitable waste electronics. More important being, we design a recovery bins can be classified recycling battery. What’s more, according to the waste electronics recycling system, we put forward to increase the recovery rate and the better classified recycling.
Influence of Attributes Relationship to Parameter Estimation in DINA
Authors: Yu Xiao Feng , Luo Zhao Sheng , Gao Chun Lei , Li Yu Jun
Published: June 2014

DINA model appreciated by many researchers considers the relationships among attributes as mutually independent, conjunction and non-compensation relationship, but in real applications, there may not be able to meet such a relationship. Study the impacts on parameter estimates for the DINA model because of attribute relationships. Simulation results show that when there is a hierarchical relationship between attributes, there will be a great impact on the parameter estimation accuracy of DINA model; and the parameter estimation accuracy mainly affected by attribute hierarchy and the number of subjects. When existing hierarchy relationships among attributes, using DINA model as cognitive diagnosis model would affect the validity of diagnostic tests.
The Mould Management System and Application Based on Agile Supply Chain
Authors: Zhao Rong , Xu Liu , Chen Xiao Fan , Ma Chao
Published: June 2014

This article introduced the mold business management informationization superiority and the importance. Then introduced the mold agile supply chain management technology. Proposed a management system. Finally, write out the application of the system.
Improvement of Joinability in Mechanical Clinching of Ultra-High Strength Steel Sheets Using Counter Pressure
Authors: Abe Yohei , Nishino Shoma , Mori Kenichiro , Kato Toru
Published: June 2014

A mechanical clinching using counter pressure of a rubber disk was developed to join the ultra-high strength steel sheets having low ductility. In the proposed process, the interlock was increased by the increment of metal flow with the counter pressure of rubber disk in the die cavity. The two kind of ultra-high strength steel sheets having different ductility were used in the mechanical clinching. The effect of the shape of rubber disk on the deforming behaviour of the sheets was investigated. The joinability was improved under the appropriate shape of rubber disk for both sheets, and then the sheets having 56% of reduction area were successfully joined whereas the sheets were not joined without the counter pressure. Although the joinability of the sheets having 43% of reduction area was improved, the cracks occurred in the upper sheet around the punch sidewall. The maximum static load and the fatigue limit of the joined sheets were measured in the tension-shearing and cross-tension tests. It was effective for the improvement of joinability in the mechanical clinching of ultra-high strength steel sheets to use the counter pressure of the rubber disk.
Data Processing in Environmental Performance of Building Systems Applied in Residential Design
Authors: Jia Xiao Yu , Li Tao
Published: June 2014

In the face of the global energy and environment problems, our country carries out some measures toward energy-saving environmental protection route in the construction field, which requires architects must start from the overall design concept for the preliminary design, fully considering the benefits between the various elements of environmental performance of building system. Environmental performance of building systems involves building system, the indoor environment of regional environmental impact and influence on the earth's environment, is a complex system. This paper introduces in detail the effects of five important factors in residential design in order to save energy, the effective use of resources to build low environmental load safety, healthy, efficiency, comfortable living space, people, environment and the construction of coexistence, continuous development of new construction mode.
Data Processing and Modelling with Information Technology in Choosing College Best Trainer
Authors: Li Pei Lin
Published: June 2014

Choosing a good college trainer needs to consider various factors. In the paper, I take advantage of relevant data of the college trainers, and then establish an effective model with information technology to choose the best college trainer. First I collect the data of college trainers of football using information technology. Based on the two characteristic indexes of excellent college trainers, such as the basic quality and the competition results, I discuss the characteristic indexes of excellent college trainers using data processing and set up the model: fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model established by simplified DHFG algorithm. Thus, the results are gained and the top 5 trainers are picked out. Finally, I compare the results with the real ranking on Bleacher Report, and the results prove well.
Experiment Study on Mixed Combustion of Biomass and Coal
Authors: Cai Ping , Zhao Li Jun , Wang Kun , Kong Song Tao
Published: June 2014

Mixed combustion of biomass and coal is a new combustion way of comprehensive utilization biomass and coal energy resources. Biomass is more volatile, lower combustion temperature, combustion is mainly concentrated in front, low calorific value and the use of value is limited. Coal is less volatile, high combustion temperature, combustion exothermic are mainly concentrated in coke combustion, and exothermic is high. Studying on the combustion process and the combustion characteristics of mixed combustion of biomass and coal is development technologies based of mixed combustion of biomass and coal. Choose two biomass sample Sawdust, confetti and a coal, analyze combustion characteristics to mixing sample of different ratio, to obtain combustion process of mixed sample, combustion performance impact of biomass to coal and calorific influence of coal to biomass.
Lightweight Aggregate Mortars for Sustainable and Energy-Efficient Building
Authors: Corinaldesi Valeria , Nardinocchi Alessandro , Donnini Jacopo
Published: June 2014

Self-leveling lightweight mortars were developed to attain good workability, sufficient compressive strength (at least 5 MPa after 28 days of wet curing), and low specific weight (less than 1100 kg/m3), as well as low thermal conductivity (lower than 0.3 W/m∙K). The attention was also focused on the sustainability of this construction material, which was improved by using in the mixture both glass reinforced plastic (GRP) industrial by-product as filler replacing limestone powder, and recycled aggregates replacing natural sand. GRP is a composite material made of glass fibres dispersed in a resin, usually polyester, widely used in several fields from building to furniture factory to boatyard. The recycled aggregates used were alternatively either wooden waste or polyurethane waste particles. Concerning wooden waste, they are produced by cutting, drilling and milling operations, where wood is removed from a finished product; they are sawdust and offcuts often collected in filter bags or dust collectors. On the other hand, the polyurethane waste particles were obtained as a rejection of a factory producing rubber soles for the footwear industry. The influence of GRP filler and waste particles on fresh mortar workability, compressive and flexural strength of hardened mortar, as well as on its thermal conductivity was examined. An optimization of the mortar mixture proportions was carried out by suitably varying the dosage of the ingredients. The experimental investigation showed that both the material unit weight and its thermal conductivity resulted strongly reduced, thus indicating a high and promising potential for future developments.
On the Proportionality of Damage Rule in Finite Element Simulations of the Ductile Failure
Authors: Šebek František , Hůlka Jiří , Kubík Petr , Petruška Jindřich
Published: June 2014

Extended Mohr–Coulomb criterion which is uncoupled, therefore the plasticity is not influenced by the damage, was selected and calibrated. Experiments on the aluminum alloy 2024-T351 were carried out. Further, the impact of the damage rule proportionality was investigated. The damage exponent was sequentially held 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Therefore, the influence of the damage rate on the damage failure in finite element simulations was examined. Numerical simulations of the tensile test of smooth and notched cylindrical specimens and flat grooved specimen were performed. It is also shown that there is inability to predict slant fracture by uncoupled models for flat grooved specimen and in the final phase of tensile tests of cylindrical specimens.
Basic Approaches to Green Production of Board Wood Composite Materials
Authors: Tishchenko V.P. , Mayorova L.P. , Morina O.M.
Published: June 2014

Deep processing of wood raw materials is the main field of its use. The forecast of timber industry development provides deep chemical processing and start-up of board materials production. In the available forest reserves the share of pulpwood and forestry engineering raw materials is up to 13 per cent. Some measures will contribute to settle the problems of increasing wood raw material complex use and green production of board wood composite materials. They include the improvement of existing technologies and implementation of progressive technologies and systems increasing the volume and quality of board output. One of the main directions will be the maximum possible use of all components of raw materials, when some production wastes are the raw material for the manufacture of new products. This will provide the balance in efficient environmental management. The priority will be given to creation of a relatively closed cycle of wood resources use. Particularly promising in achieving a balance of economic and environmental interests of society will be obtaining of cheap boards capable to be not worse than solid wood with minimum cost of natural resources and preservation of individual properties of each component.
Flow Field Analysis and Response Surface Research on the Rotor in Dry Powder Inhaler
Authors: Cao Zhi Chen , Li Hao Ying , Shi Shi Hong , Zhou En Long
Published: June 2014

In order to find out the correspond relationship of the outlet velocity and rotor speed in dry powder inhaler, the intermediate parameter was inserted in Workbench response surface based on CFD. The simulation of the suction drive rotor rotation mechanism was based on MRF model in FLUENT. It can be easily obtained the rotor’s performance curve under different aerodynamic conditions and found out the optimized flow rate is 66.127L/min. This method verifies the clinical phenomena and could guide the clinical research and machinery optimization.
Resolving National Energy Crisis through Energy Efficient Appliances: Use of Ground Water Heat Pump for Air Conditioning Systems
Authors: Aizaz Ahmad , Hafeez Nauman
Published: June 2014

Energy crisis are deepening with every year passing by in a country like Pakistan. One of the major contributors of energy consumption in the domestic as well as in some commercial sector is the environment air conditioning (during summers) and heating systems (during winters). One possible solution to this national energy crisis is available in the form of tapping the available renewable natural resources of energy, specifically the Ground Water Heat Pumps (GWHP). Despite its wider applications in the advanced countries, the confidence in this technology is much feeble in less advanced countries, like Pakistan, mainly due to lack of awareness about the technology among the public and lack of subsoil temperature data for the scientific / engineering community. Thus, the aim of this study is to collect subsoil water temperature data of at least one particular location for over a year, and demonstrate the usefulness of sub soil ground water in improving the performance of conventional air-conditioning system both in cooling as well as in heating modes. This study shows significant improvement in the Coefficient of Performance (COP) of the Air Conditioner both in Cooling as well as in heating modes and thus reducing the expensive electricity consumption.
The Design and Implementation of Optimal Scheduling in Hydro-Thermal-Wind System
Authors: Tian Xue Feng
Published: June 2014

This paper mainly put forwards the design and implementation of hydropower, thermal power, and wind power joint optimal scheduling system, introduces the framework and functional module of JAVA enterprise application technology, and focuses on the key technologies of the system. The system is based on provincial scheduling automation platform. It takes decision-making as the target, realizes wind power probability prediction, conventional power generation planning, hydropower, thermal power, and wind power joint scheduling, constraint checking, impact assessment and other functions, and helps the operators to make scientific and reasonable power generation plans, achieve intelligent scheduling, and enhance system operation level.
The Development of New Steel Backing Wood Landscape Guardrail
Authors: Zhou Zhi Wei , Wang Cheng Hu , Li Meng
Published: June 2014

Steel-wood combination guardrail is a kind of environment-friendly and harmonious highway ancillary structure. It can provide comfortable and superior experience for highway users. At present, there is no steel-wood combination guardrail qualified for 160kj protection level of highway barriers in China. The Development of New Steel Backing Wood Landscape Guardrail takes reliability, economical efficiency, convenience of construction into account. The researchers optimize structure by computer simulation. This guardrail eventually passed the full-scale impact test with real vehicle. The test proves that it can become a model applied on the actual scenic highway.
A Characteristic Seismic Study and Development of Earthquake Resistant Techniques in Existing Structures
Authors: Yasuhide Mochida , Yashwanth Hanumantharayappa
Published: June 2014

The characteristic methods involved in underpinning construction are studied in this research. The analysis of the structure is performed with respect to the geotechnical risk and possible retrofitting techniques. In the past several decades, a number of studies mainly focused on base isolation techniques to preserve the structure, but the merits of underpinning technique, geotechnical risk involved, temporary support for safety measures and cost ratio induced were unexpressed. The second generation of research evaluates the measure to reduce ground risk with characterization methods and detailed quality check through construction management system. Current research has pointed out the crucial features of underpinning construction process and its scope in restricted locations and geotechnical perils.
On Optimal Planning for DNA Nanomechanical Robots
Authors: Popov Vladimir
Published: June 2014

In this paper, we consider the optimal reconfiguration planning problem of finding the least number of reconfiguration steps to transform between two configurations for chain-type modular robots. We propose an intelligent algorithm for solution of the problem. In particular, we use the set of parameterized k-covers problem and the approximate period problem to detect periodic regularities in genetic sequences of DNA nanomechanical robots. We try to use similar reconfiguration actions for similar parts of genetic sequences. We consider an artificial physics optimization algorithm. We use Runge Kutta neural networks for the prediction of virtual force law.
Influence of Clay Content and Surfactant on the Rheology of Non Aqueous Drilling Fluids
Authors: Dantas Suylan Lourdes Araújo , Guedes I.C. , Marques K.A. , Ferreira Heber Sivini , Dutra Ricardo Peixoto Suassuna
Published: June 2014

Organophilic clays are widely used in non-aqueousdrilling fluids, mixtures of different components being used in a well bore. As bentonite claysare not naturally organophilic, they can be modified by specific treatments with surfactants (ionic or nonionic). Recent studies demonstrate the influence of clay, surfactant,and the presence of a dispersant in the rheology of fluids. In this study we verified the influence of clay, and surfactant in the production of organophilic clays using an alcoholic route for the rheology of non-aqueous fluids.As such, we performed the characterization of organophilic clays by X-ray diffraction (XRD),these non-aqueous fluids were produced according to Petrobras norms for rheological testing. The results evidenced influences of the clay / surfactant ratio on the rheology of non-aqueous drilling fluids.
Polycrystalline Tetragonal Zirconia of the Form ZrO2: 3 mol% Re2O3 (Re-TZP) for Use in Oxygen Sensors: Synthesis, Characterization and Ionic Conductivity
Authors: Muñoz R.A. , Cajas Paola Cristina , Rodriguez J.E. , Rodrigues A.C. , Silva Cosme R.M.
Published: June 2014

Oxygen ion conductors of zirconia based ceramics are a class of materials with technological applications in several application areas: sensors of chemical species, oxygen pumps, solid oxide fuel cells among others [1]. For these applications, the zirconia must possess the fluorite type crystal structure, or close to it. Such oxides with this structure are the classic oxygen ion conductors [2]. The fluorite structure consists of a cubic lattice of oxygen ions surrounded by cations. The cations are arranged in a face centered cubic structure with anions occupying tetrahedral positions. This leads to an open structure with large empty octahedral interstices.
Effects of the Addition of Ions Barium on the Structural and Electrical Properties of PZT Ceramic
Authors: Silva Margarete S. , Teixeira Guilhermina Ferreira , Cavenago Gustavo F. , Silva Lucas L. , Dias Rafael Gomes , Zaghete Maria Aparecda , Cilense Mário , Longo Elson , Cavalheiro Alberto A.
Published: June 2014

Lead zirconate titanate, with Zr/Ti ratio of 53/47 was prepared by the polymeric precursor method. It was investigated the barium (II) modification at 0.0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mol% in substitution to the lead (II) cation in A site of perovskite structure. The powder samples were characterized by XRD and the diffraction patterns were used to Rietveld refinement. The percentages of tetragonal and rhombohedral phases and a systematic study of the effect of barium (II) on the morphology and the dielectric properties of PZT were carried out. The results showed that the tetragonal phase is favored and the ceramic density is improved with the barium (II) insertion. The Curie temperature (Tc) is increased besides the slight reduction of dielectric constant (Kc).
Microstructural Analysis of Clay Ceramic Added with Argillite and Grog
Authors: Candido Veronica Scarpini , Pinheiro Regina Maria , Monteiro Sergio Neves , Vieira Carlos Maurício Fontes
Published: June 2014

The microstructure of a 1050oC fired clay ceramic added with both argillite and discarded ceramic waste, known as grog, was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The objective was to evaluate not only the developed crystallographic phases but also the ceramic sintering conditions associated with the grog and argillite additions. The XRD results showed the presence of quartz and feldspar existing in the raw materials as well as hematite and mullite transformed at high temperature from the precursor clays. The SEM analysis revealed a consolidated ceramic structure in which the sintering process was effective in reducing the initial space between particles and thus improving the structural compactness.
Characterization of Ceramic Composite Waste of Granite, Marble and Caulim for Production of Coating Plates
Authors: Sales Joseanne Lima , Morais C.R.S. , Lima L.M.R. , Araújo J.L. , Cibalde J.C.B.
Published: June 2014

The mining industry generates large amounts of waste resulting in a very strong environmental impact. Its reuse in ceramic matrix composites are used as coating for floors that have high strength properties with low porosity due to the addition of a structuring polyester resin . This perspective, this work aims at the use of waste generated in the exploration and kaolin processing industries , and solid waste from the cutting of ornamental marble and granite , studying their properties in anticipation of production of coating plates . The residues were benefited by using the process of dry grinding in mill gauges and passed through sieve 0.074 mm ( No. 200 ABNT ) . Were performed on composites testing technology ( water absorption , apparent porosity , bulk density and flexural strength ) and microstructural ( Scanning Electron Microscopy - SEM) . The results showed that the composites showed water absorption ≤ 0.5 having no direct relationship with the porosity , which showed strength within the required standards ( ABNT 13,816 ) for coating plates . Variations in composition ( resin / residue ) showed that composites with higher strength and increased amount of waste resin showed less porous structure , a fact which can be attributed to a better adherence of these residues to the polymer resin and a process of mixing the components more efficient , showing the viability of its production having demonstrated satisfactory properties.
Characterization of Natural Slip Materials Geologically Found in the North of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Chrispim Zélia Maria Peixoto , Alves Maria da Gloria , de Almeida Luciana Lezira Pereira , Alexandre Jonas , de Azevedo Afonso Rangel Garcez , de Souza Araujo Ronaldo , Monteiro Sergio Neves
Published: June 2014

Slip is a semifluid clayey type of material used in the ceramic industry for coating earthware products, such as bricks and tiles, thus providing distinct surface colors or patterns. In the present work a characterization was conducted to identify the mineralogical as well the chemical and physical properties of geological materials existing in the slip used by industries in the north region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The basic natural materials composing a slip, namely clay and kaolin, are responsible for changes not only the slip plasticity but also in its viscosity and adhesion to the surface of the ceramic piece. The slip characterization was performed in terms of particle size analysis, Atterberg limits and actual grain density. The chemical composition was obtained by X-ray fluorescence and the thermal properties by differential thermal analysis. The results indicated that marked differences exist between slip from distinct origins. A few slip samples failed to present the required properties.
Hybrid Membranes Development Made by Chitosan and Calcium Phosphate
Authors: Wladymyr J.B.S. , Nascimento Emanuel Pereira , Almeida K.V. , Farias K.A.S. , Cardoso M.J.B. , Meneses R.L. , Fook M.V.L.
Published: June 2014

Medicine seeks increasingly to treat problems related to bone regeneration and tissue in order to minimize surgical trauma and some bone diseases. The technology advancement in the biomaterials field allows develop materials that assist in reconstructive procedures of body parts and increase treatments improving the life quality of human beings. Due to the biodegradability, biocompatibility and biofunctionality characteristics, chitosan has attracted attention of researchers in order to obtain new materials. Its unique features promote the incorporation of other materials such as calcium phosphate ceramics which are used in this bone replacement and bone regeneration due to submit biocompatibility, bioactivity, osteoconductivity in addition to allowing the bone cells proliferation, collagen and proteins in their surfaces, thus allowing tissue regeneration. This study aimed to develop biodegradable chitosan membranes with 1%, 3% and 5% calcium phosphate for use in bone regeneration. The composites were prepared and Characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and angle contact wettability. The results indicates the composite formation and show an increased crystallinity in the chitosan membrane through the phosphate incorporation, besides confirming the composites hydrophilicity. Preliminary results indicates that the composite is a promising biomaterial.
Systematic Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Expression of CD46, CD55, and CD59 in Colon Cancer
Authors: Shang Yulong , Chai Na , Gu Yong , Ding Li , Yang Yan , Zhou Jinfeng , Ren Gui , Hao Xiaoke , Fan Daiming , Wu Kaichun , Nie Yongzhan
Published: June 2014

Context.—The expression of membrane-bound complement regulatory proteins (mCRPs) that inhibit the complement system in normal tissues is essential for self-protection against an autologous immune reaction. However, the expression patterns of mCRPs, including CD46, CD55, and CD59, are inconsistent in different types of cancer cells.

Objectives.—To determine whether CD46, CD55, and CD59 are differentially expressed in neoplastic and adjacent normal colon tissues and to assess their clinical significance.

Design.—Immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue microarrays of cancerous and adjacent normal colon tissues.

Results.—The expression levels of CD46, CD55, and CD59 were significantly higher in colon cancer tissues compared with the normal adjacent colon tissues. We found that the expression levels of CD55 and CD59 correlated with the grade of differentiation in colon cancers. In addition, the expression of CD55 and CD59 was greater in stage III and stage IV colon cancers than in stage I and stage II cancers according to staging by the TNM classification.

Conclusions.—CD46, CD55, and CD59 are up-regulated in colon cancer. Specifically, CD55 and CD59 are of clinical relevance to differentiation and TNM staging of colon cancer. These data suggest that CD46, CD55, and CD59 have the potential to be used for molecular staging diagnoses and for colon cancer therapies.
The temporal and spatial variability in submeter scale surface roughness of seasonal snow in Sodankylä Finnish Lapland in 2009–2010
Authors: Anttila Kati , Manninen Terhikki , Karjalainen Tuure , Lahtinen Panu , Riihelä Aku , Siljamo Niilo
Published: June 2014

Seasonal snow surface roughness is an important parameter for remote sensing data analysis since it affects the scattering properties of the snow surface. To understand the phenomenon, snow surface roughness was measured near the town of Sodankylä, in Finnish Lapland, during winters 2009 and 2010 using a photogrammetry‐based plate method. The images were automatically processed so that an approximately 1 m long horizontal profile was extracted from each image. The data set consists of 669 plate profiles from different times and canopy types. This large data set was used to study the temporal and spatial variability of seasonal snow surface roughness. The profiles were analyzed using parameters derived from the root mean square height (σ) and correlation length (L) as functions of measured length. Also, the autocorrelation functions were calculated and analyzed. The (σ) and (L) were found to be so strongly correlated (R2 ~ 0.97) that a more detailed analysis was made using only the scaling parameters derived from σ. These parameters are related to the distance dependence of the rms height. The results show that they react to different characteristics of the profiles and are therefore well able to distinguish between different types of snow. They also show a clear difference between midwinter snow and melting snow, and the effects of snowfall events and slower melting in forested areas are evident in the data.
Use of a Validated Algorithm to Judge the Appropriateness of Total Knee Arthroplasty in the United States: A Multicenter Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Riddle Daniel L. , Jiranek William A. , Hayes Curtis W.
Published: June 2014

Objective

In previous studies conducted outside the US, ∼20% of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgeries were judged to be inappropriate. The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence rates of TKA surgeries classified as appropriate, inconclusive, and inappropriate in a knee osteoarthritis population in the US.

Methods

We used a modification of a validated appropriateness classification system and applied it to patients in the Osteoarthritis Initiative data set who underwent TKA. A variety of preoperative data were used in the classification, including Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index pain and physical function scores, radiographic features, knee motion and laxity measures, and age.

Results

Data on 205 patients who underwent TKA were examined. The prevalence rates for classification of the procedure as appropriate, inconclusive, and inappropriate were 44.0% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 37–51%), 21.7% (95% CI 16–28%), and 34.3% (95% CI 27–41%), respectively.

Conclusion

Approximately one‐third of TKA surgeries were judged to be inappropriate. Variation in the characteristics of patients undergoing TKA was extensive. These data support the need for consensus development of criteria for patient selection among US practitioners treating patients who are potential candidates for TKA. Among the important issues, consensus development needs to address variation in patient characteristics and the relative importance of preoperative status and subsequent outcome.
Embolization of a left uterine artery mycotic aneurysm after a neglected, perforated appendicitis before delivery
Authors: van Doorn Dette Elise Anne , van Leuken Maarten , Rijnders Robertus Johannes Paulus
Published: June 2014

Key Clinical Message

We report a case of a successful embolization of a mycotic aneurysm of the left uterine artery in the puerperium after a neglected perforated appendicitis. A mycotic aneurysm, meaning an infection of the vessel wall which leads to an aneurysmatic dilatation of the vessel, is potentially life threatening if rupture occurs.
A Smart Sensor System for Detecting Hydrocarbon Volatile Organic Compounds in Sea Water
Authors: Tonacci Alessandro , Corda Daniele , Tartarisco Gennaro , Pioggia Giovanni , Domenici Claudio
Published: June 2014

Hydrocarbons are among the most dangerous pollutants for the marine environment. The creation of smart systems to detect hydrocarbon spills in the marine environment is often complex and involves many issues. This paper presents an innovative approach based on a sensor system capable of detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by hydrocarbons. The system was composed of an array of photo ionization detectors, lodged in a flow chamber and arranged in radial symmetry, in order to receive the same amount of air flow. The air inlet was placed on the upper face of the chamber, while the air outlet was on the lower face. The sensor characterization at the laboratory bench was performed using different kinds of hydrocarbons, such as gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, and crude oil, and their response was acquired using a smart electronic system based on an Arduino™ electronic board. With this approach, it was possible to detect mild‐to‐high concentrations of VOCs with a portable, lightweight, smart system, placed in an autonomous underwater vehicle and in a moored buoy.
Electrical characterization of a buried GaSb p‐n junction controlled by native defects
Authors: Gorni M. , Parisini A. , Gombia E. , Baldini M. , Vantaggio S. , Ghezzi C.
Published: June 2014

Buried GaSb junctions were induced in Te‐doped GaSb bulk crystals by growing a heavily Zn‐doped GaAs layer on GaSb. However, the p‐n junction resulted to be located much more deeply with respect to the Zn diffusion front and originated by a local rising up of native acceptor density, which controls the p‐type conductivity conversion of the GaSb substrate for about 1 μm beyond the Zn penetration depth. Admittance spectroscopy measurements supported the identification of such defects with the double native acceptor GaSb. Current‐voltage characteristics of the p‐n junction, performed after the removal of the GaAs layer, were here analyzed as a function of the temperature for different Zn doping levels and resulted consistent with the model previously proposed to explain the formation of the junctions.
Catalyst‐free Growth Mechanism and Structure of Graphene‐like Nanosheets Formed by Hot‐Filament CVD
Authors: Wang Biben , Zheng Kun , Cheng Qijin , Wang Li , Chen Chengcheng , Dong Guobo
Published: June 2014

We report on a simple and effective method of synthesizing graphene‐like nanosheets on silicon substrates pre‐deposited with a carbon film or carbon nanodots in hot‐filament(HF)CVD from a methane precursor. The results of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and micro‐Raman spectroscopy (RS) indicate that the structure of graphene‐like nanosheets is changed with the flow rate change of methane and the pretreatment of the substrate surface. The catalyst‐free growth of graphene‐like nanosheets is related to the diffusion and assembly of carbon atoms on the substrate surface and the separation of graphene‐like nanosheets from the substrate surface.
Investigating residual trapping in CO2 storage in saline aquifers – application of a 2D glass model, and image analysis
Authors: Soroush Mansour , Wessel‐Berg Dag , Torsaeter Ole , Kleppe Jon
Published: June 2014

Two‐dimensional glass model experiments are used to investigate the residual trapping mechanism of CO2 stored in saline aquifers. For this purpose, two proxy fluids are chosen to simulate the CO2‐brine behavior under reservoir conditions. The first set of experiments is carried out by flooding n‐heptane in a mixture of glycerol and water inside a glass bead porous media. Fluids and porous materials are designed so that the dimensionless groups are in the range of real storage sites. Another set of proxy fluid consists of dodecane and a different mixture of glycerol and water, representing the second wettability condition for the system. The size of the glass beads chosen was fine (70–110 μm) in order to investigate residual trapping phenomena. For each set, after complete drainage process, an imbibition process is performed and in each time step, images are taken from the phenomena. The images are processed using a red, green, blue (RGB) color concept using a Matlab code that was developed for this study. By using this process, it is possible to measure the residual trapping of CO2 proxy fluid for each test and to determine the saturation profile in the model. Tests are carried out at various imbibition and drainage rates to study the effect of the rate on the results. Fine‐scale numerical simulation models are constructed for comparison with experimental results. Good agreement is obtained between the simulation results and the image processing estimations, as well as the readings from the material balances during the experiments. This study could provide a framework for modeling different reservoir conditions for residual trapping mechanism and the impact of different parameters in future studies.
Assessment of multiple hormonal activities in wastewater at different stages of treatment
Authors: Bain Peter A. , Williams Mike , Kumar Anu
Published: June 2014

Changes in the endocrine potency of municipal wastewater at 3 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Australia were investigated using a panel of in vitro receptor-driven transactivation assays. The assays were based on human estrogen receptor α, androgen receptor, progesterone receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2. Total removal efficiencies for estrogenic activity in the dissolved phase were 79.8% to 99.4%. Chemical analysis of 17β-estradiol, estrone, and 17α-ethinylestradiol levels showed that they accounted for the majority of the observed in vitro estrogenic activity in the final effluents but only 18% to 70% of estrogenic activity in the influents. Removal efficiency for androgenic activity was 97.5% to 100%. Endocrine activity levels were low in the final effluent of the WWTP with the lowest catchment population, with only estrogenic activity detected. In the final effluent of the WWTP with an intermediate catchment population, estrogenic, glucocorticoid, and peroxisome proliferator activities were detected. Estrogenic, antiandrogenic, progestagenic, glucocorticoid, and peroxisome proliferator activities were detected in the final effluent of the WWTP with the highest catchment population. The present study confirms the efficacy of secondary and tertiary treatment in reducing the concentrations of endocrine-active compounds in municipal wastewater. Further work is required to determine the possible health risks to aquatic biota posed by multiple hormonal activities present at low levels. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2297–2307. © 2014 SETAC
Root and foliar uptake, translocation, and distribution of [14C] fluoranthene in pea plants (Pisum sativum)
Authors: Zezulka Štěpán , Klemš Marek , Kummerová Marie
Published: June 2014

Uptake of 14C-labeled fluoranthene ([14C]FLT) via both roots and leaves of Pisum sativum seedlings and distribution of [14C] in plants by both acropetal and basipetal transport was evaluated. The highest [14C] level was found in the root base (≈270 × 104 dpm/g dry wt) and the lowest level in the stem apex (<2 × 104 dpm/g dry wt) after just 2 h of root exposure. For foliar uptake, the highest level of [14C] was found in the stem and root apex (both ≈2 × 104 dpm/g dry wt) (except for treated leaves), while the lowest level was found in the root base (<0.6 × 104 dpm/g dry wt). Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2308–2312. © 2014 SETAC
Differentiating DNI from DNR: Combating code status conflation
Authors: Breu Anthony C. , Herzig Shoshana J.
Published: June 2014

Goals of care discussions, including those focused on code status, are meant to foster autonomous decision making. Unfortunately, these discussions often conflate decisions regarding the use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation for cardiac arrest and mechanical ventilation for prearrest respiratory failure. They also exclude discussions of outcomes, particularly those associated with prearrest respiratory failure. In doing so, they may fail in their intention of extending patient autonomy. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:669–670. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
HOW SUSTAINABLE ARE DONOR‐DRIVEN SOLAR POWER PROJECTS IN REMOTE AREAS?
Authors: Marquardt Jens
Published: June 2014

Since the 1980s, donors already support solar power projects in the Philippines. Reports and documentations provide a positive image on project success, but field trips to earlier project sites tell an opposing story. This field report shows that even in an area with only little donor fragmentation problems like a lack of coordination, communication and learning lead to unsustainable projects. It confronts official project reports with the latest experiences from the field and provides qualitative information to an ongoing debate about potentials and problems of donor diversification. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Macroeconomic Consequences of the One Laptop per Child Project
Authors: James Jeffrey
Published: June 2014

Because some developing countries have adopted the One Laptop per Child (OLPC) project at the national level and others are planning to do so, the macroimplications of this idea can no longer be ignored. Accordingly, I examine whether or not full adoption of OLPC computers in primary schools imbalances the national education budget. Using a simple formula, I address this question in relation to Peru, Uruguay, Rwanda and several other countries. The results suggest tentatively that the OLPC proposal tends to be untenable in poor developing countries, tenable or untenable in middle‐income countries and redundant in most rich countries. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.