bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPAIRED OBJECT RECOGNITION MEMORY AND ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY IN ANIMAL MODEL OF POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER-RESTORED BY ECLIPTA ALBA LINN. A DIETARY HERB.
Authors: Vinay Vidya Shree , S Malathi , R Ravindran
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are important therapeutic targets to treat memory impairment caused due to stress, post-traumaticstress disorder (PTSD) results from traumatic stress exposure. Cognition and mood symptoms can begin or worsen after the traumatic event. In thisstudy, we aimed to evaluate the role of Eclipta alba Linn. as an antistressor, AChE inhibitor, and on object recognition memory in an animal model of PTSD.Methods: Adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control, chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) (30 days), CUS+ethanolicextract of E. alba (EEEA) (200 mg/kg body weight), and EEEA (200 mg/kg body weight) treatment groups and were assessed for novel objectrecognition task (NORT), plasma corticosterone, and AChE activity.Results: We found significant improvement in NORT (p<0.05) plasma corticosterone levels in stress group was significantly increased (p<00.05)which is resumed with EEEA treatment (p<0.05) AChE activity was found to be reduced after EEEA treatment.Conclusion: EEEA is found to possess cognitive enhancing activity in the animal model of PTSD.Keywords: Recognition memory,PTSD,Unpredictable stress,Eclipta alba
A REVIEW ON BIOANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION
Authors: Tijare Lokesh Khushalrao , Nt Rangari , Un Mahajan
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTIn this review article, bioanalytical methods are widely used to quantitate drugs and their metabolites in plasma matrices and the methods should beapplied to studies in areas of human clinical and nonhuman study. Bioanalytical method employed for the quantitative estimation of drugs and theirmetabolites in biological media and plays an important role in estimation and interpretation of bioequivalence, pharmacokinetic, and toxicokineticstudies. The major bioanalytical role is method development, method validation, and sample analysis. Every step in the method must be investigatedto decide the extent to which environment, matrix, or procedural variables can interfere the estimation of analyte in the matrix from the time of setup to the time of analysis. Techniques such as high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography coupled with double massspectrometry (LCMS-MS) can be used for the bioanalysis of drugs in body. Each of the instruments has its own merits and demerits. Chromatographicmethods are HPLC and gas chromatography have been mainly used for the bioanlysis of small/ large molecules, with LC/MS/MS. Linearity, accuracy,precision, selectivity, sensitivity, reproducibility, and stability are some of the regularly used parameters. In this review article, we are proposedto add some points regarding bioanalytical method development and validation parameter, beneficial to quality assurance to determine the drug,concentration and its metabolite.Keywords: Method development, Clinical and nonclinical study, Analyte, Validation of bioanlysis techniques, Validation parameter.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AGE, BODY MASS INDEX, WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE, LIPID PROFILE PARAMETERS, AND SYMPTOMATIC BACTERIAL URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN IRAQI ADULT WOMEN
Authors: Hantoosh Sundus Fadhil , Al-rubai Haider K , Zageer Dheaa Sh , Al-musawi Ibtisam Hammood Naser
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: This study was conducted to investigate the association between age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and incidence ofsymptomatic bacterial urinary tract infections in adult women and to study the impact of infection on lipid profile.Methods: A total of 30 women enrolled with symptomatic bacterial urinary tract infections and 10 healthy women as control group. Mid-stream urinesamples were submitted. BMI, WC, and lipid profile were measured. Both leukocyte esterase and nitrite tests were used to diagnose the urinary tractinfection, and viable quantification was done as confirmatory for the diagnosis.Results: Revealed that there was a significant relationship between the incidence of symptomatic bacterial urinary tract infections and age groups(p=0.04) as age group (21-30) years recorded the highest percentage (33.33%) followed by the age group (31-40) which recorded 30%. No significantassociation was found between BMI, WC and incidence of symptomatic bacterial urinary tract infections (p=0.08, p=0.14) respectively. Comparedto healthy control group, there was a significant decrease in the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density-lipoprotein, very-low-densitylipoprotein,and low-density-lipoprotein (p=0.0001, p=0.006, p=0.001, p=0.006, and p=0.0001), respectively.Conclusion: The young women were significantly susceptible to symptomatic bacterial urinary tract infections than other age groups. Both BMI andWC were not significant indicators for the incidence of symptomatic bacterial urinary tract infections in adult women. Adult women with symptomaticbacterial urinary tract infections showed a significant decrease in lipid profile parameters when compared with the control healthy adult women.Keywords: Age, Body mass index, Waist circumference, Lipid profile, Urinary tract infections.
EVALUATION OF CYCLIC ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE AND NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN EXPERIMENTAL OBESITY: IMPACT OF BLACK PEPPER AND COFFEE AQUEOUS EXTRACTS
Authors: Latif Yasmin Abdel , Fathy Shadia , El-khayat Zakaria , Moustafa Maha , Farrag Abdel Razik , Farahat Aya
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of black pepper and coffee extracts on chronic and acute experimental-induced obesity and energyhomeostasis.Methods: Rats were divided into 10 groups including control, high-fat diet (HFD), triton, HFD+triton, black pepper+HFD, black pepper+HFD+triton,coffee+HFD, coffee+HFD+triton, mixture+HFD, and mixture+HFD+triton groups. Blood glucose, serum insulin, and insulin resistance were estimated.Body mass index, food efficiency intake, and body weight gain were calculated. Lipid profile, liver and kidney functions were measured, serum and braincyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) was estimated, and brain neurotransmitters were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography.Furthermore, histopathology of liver was performed.Results: Findings showed that blood glucose, insulin resistance, lipid profile, kidney and liver functions as well as brain cAMP and neurotransmitterswere significantly increased, concomitant with a significant decrease in insulin resistance and serum cAMP in both HFD and triton-induced obesitygroups compared to control.Conclusion: Supplementation with black pepper extract, coffee extract, and a mixture of both significantly improved these findings. In conclusion,black pepper and coffee extracts are overlooked as promising weight reduction and antihyperlipidemic agents.Keywords: Energy homeostasis, Obesity, Black pepper extract, Coffee extract, Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, Neurotransmitters.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP, DOCKING, ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY, AND BRINE SHRIMP LETHAL STUDIES ON L-PHENYLALANINE SCHIFF BASES
Authors: Deivanayagam Easwaramoorthi , R Jayaprakash , Sha Aroj Kumar , S Hemalatha
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Aim of this work is to synthesize and characterization of the hydroxyl group the hydroxyl group substituted L-phenylalanine Schiff basesto compare their predicted quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and molecular docking against Escherichia coli protein ZipA (1s1j)outcomes with the antibacterial activity and brine shrimp lethal assay (BSLA) results.Methods: The Schiff bases of L-Phenylalanine were synthesized by the simple condensation reaction using methanol, water in 2:1 ratio at reflux andwere characterized by spectral techniques. QSAR parameters of the Schiff bases were predicted using java-based online and offline tools. Moleculardocking carried through online mcule server and CLC Drug Discovery Workbench 3. Antibacterial activity and toxicity studies were conducted usingbroth dilution and brine shrimp lethal assay methods, respectively.Results: The Schiff bases fulfilled the QSAR drug-likeness parameters and showed the docking score between −6.8 and −6.0 Kcal/mol which arehigher than amoxilicillin and gentamicin like standard drugs. They also possess good inhibition for urinary tract infection causing E. coli bacteria,and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) exists between 3.25 and 5.25 μg/ml. The brine shrimp lethal concentration for 50% mortality [LC50])between 58.73 and 135.6 μg/ml.Conclusion: Para, meta and 2,4 hydroxyl substituted Schiff bases exhibited good inhibition against Gram-negative E. coli bacteria at low concentrationand the MIC exists below the LC50 value. The Schiff base showed high drug score, high docking score, and low toxicity than other Schiff base. Dockingscore, high inhibition, low clogP, low MICKeywords: L-phenylalanine, Schiff base, Quantitative structure-activity relationship, Docking, Antibacterial, Lethal concentration for 50% mortality.
EFFECT OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC POLYMERS ON THE PROPERTIES OF CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL MATRIX TABLET PREPARED BY DRY GRANULATION
Authors: Salih Omar Saeb , Nief Roaa Abdalhameed
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this study is to develop a controlled release matrix tablet of candesartan cilexetil to reduce the frequency of administration,enhance bioavailability and improve patient compliance; a once daily sustained release formulation of candesartan cilexetil is desirable.Methods: The prepared tablets from F1 to F24 were evaluated with different evaluation parameters like weight variation, drug content, friability,hardness, thickness and swelling ability. In vitro release for all formulas were studied depends on the type and amount of each polymer, i.e. (16 mg,32 mg and 48 mg) respectively beside to the combination effect of polymers on the release of the drug from the tablet.Results: In vitro release showed that formula 13 had the faster release (100% after 4 h) which contained acacia (1:1) and the lowest sustain releasewas showed for F7 (73% after 8 h) which contained HPMC K100M (1:1). Formula 1 was an 89 % release after 8 h which contain eudragit RS100; F4was a 100 % release after 5 h which contain Na CMC, F10 was a 100% after 8 h which contain xanthan gum and F16 was a 100 % release after 5 hwhich contain tragacanth polymer. Formula 9 had a lower release than F7 and F8 respectively. Formula 7 can be used for sustain oral drug delivery ofcandesartan cilexetil while Formula 13 can be used in contrary as fast release tablets for faster response.Conclusion: Controlled drug delivery system is promising for less dosing and higher patient compliance.Keywords: Angiotensin II receptor antagonist, Hypertension, Matrix system, Control release.
“NEWS ON AIR!” - AIR SURVEILLANCE REPORT FROM INTENSIVE CARE UNITS OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Banerjee Barnini , Mukhopadhyay Chiranjay , Ke Vandana , Bupendra Archana , Varma Muralidhar
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTBackground: The role of airborne microorganisms in the nosocomial infections is debatable since past. Very limited and inconclusive data availableabout the contribution of the air microflora, especially the multidrug resistant (MDR) one, to the hospital-acquired infections in the Intensive CareUnits (ICUs).Objective: To analyze the microbial population and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the indoor air in relation to the nosocomial infectionsin the different ICUs at different periods in the tertiary care hospital.Methods: Microbial monitoring of the air was performed in 5 different ICUs for 1 year by passive sampling method.Results: A total of 221 air samples were collected for 1 year from five different ICUs. 92.53% were Gram-positive bacteria and 8.11% were Gramnegativebacteria. Staphylococcus spp. (34.21%) and Acinetobacter spp. (63.04%) were the most common isolated bacteria among Gram-positiveand Gram-negative organisms, respectively, and among the fungal isolates, all of them were Aspergillus spp. (5.84%) from the air sample. Ventilatorassociatedpneumonia was the most common nosocomial infection and Acinetobacter spp. was the frequently isolated MDR organism.Conclusion: Air could be the major source of nosocomial infections by MDR Gram-negative organisms in the ICUs which require special attention andsurveillance.Keywords: Air sampling, Intensive Care Units, Multidrug-resistant organisms, Nosocomial infection.
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ACTIVITIES OF ANTI BACILLARY DYSENTRY SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE OF SYZYGIUM POLYANTHUM AND DRACAENA ANGUSTIFOLIA LEAVES ETHANOL EXTRACTS
Authors: Mustarichie Resmi , Fitri Sri Agung , Ramdhani Danni
Published: April 2017

Objective: This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of bay (Syzygium polyanthum W.) and suji (Dracaena angustifoliaRoxb.) leaves against Shigella dysenteriae and the amount of potassium to the discovery of anti-dysentery drug candidates.Methods: Testing activities and comparative value activities performed by the agar diffusion method, whereas the determination of minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was done with the subculture media incubation test followed with microdilution method on Mueller Hinton Agar medium sterile. Potassium levels of the extract were carried out quantitatively using atomic absorption spectrophotometry.Results: The test results showed that the ethanol extract of both leaves had antibacterial activity against S. dysenteriae with MBC values were in the range of 10-20% w/v. Value comparative effectiveness suji leaf ethanol extract to the bay leaf was 1:0.4. Potassium levels ethanol extract of bay and suji leaves were 1.027% and 3.795%, respectively.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of bay and suji leaves has antibacterial activity against bacteria S. dysenteriae ATCC 13313. Rated comparative activity of the ethanol extract of the suji leaves with bay leaves ethanol extract was 1:0.4 which means to generating resistor diameter equal to 1 part suji leaf ethanol extract equivalent to 0.4 parts of the ethanol extract of bay leaves. The minimum kill concentration ethanol extract of bay and suji leaves ethanol extract was in the range of 10-20% w/v. Both bay and suji leaves have potential as a supplier of potassium in patients with hypokalemia dysentery.Keywords: Bay leaves, Suji leaves, Shigella dysenteriae, Potassium, Atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
TEORIA DO RECONHECIMENTO E ECONOMIA SOLIDÁRIA: UMA PROPOSTA DE RECOMPOSIÇÃO ENTRE IGUALDADE E SOLIDARIEDADE
THEORY OF RECOGNITION AND SOLIDARITY ECONOMY: A PROPOSAL FOR RECOMPOSITION BETWEEN EQUALITY AND SOLIDARITY
Authors: Martins (Associação Imagem Comunitária – MG) Paula Gontijo
Published: April 2017

O presente artigo busca concatenar duas bases teóricas complementares. O escrito que segue propõe, portanto, alargar a discussão que se tem da Teoria do Reconhecimento com a Economia Solidária. A reflexão proposta se baseia nos paradigmas da descentralização das decisões, autogestão ou gestão compartilhada e construção ética de um ambiente de trabalho.
Serbuk Dari Limbah Cangkang Telur Ayam Ras Sebagai Adsorben Terhadap Logam Timbal (Pb)
Authors: Satriani Dewi , Ningsih Purnama , Ratman Ratman
Published: April 2017

The aim of this study is to determine the optimum time and weight required for eggshell powder when it absorbs Pb, and to determine the adsorption capacity of the eggshell powder at the optimum condition for Pb with the shaking time variation of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 minutes. The weight variation of adsorbent is 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1 and 1.25 grams. The work steps in this study were production of the eggshell powder as the adsorbent, making of a solution of Pb 60 ppm, and determination the Pb concentration at equilibrium using a spectrophotometer spektrodirect respectively. The results obtained after the adsorption process for the time variation was 30 minutes, this optimum time giving %Pb absorbed was 94.65%. The weight variation of adsorbent is 1 gram, this optimum weight giving %Pb absorbed was 98.91%. Furthermore, the absorption capacity adsorbent of eggshell powder in both optimum conditions was 0.078 mg Pb/mg adsorbent.
Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Buah Bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb.) Sebagai Pengawet Alami Cabai Merah (Capsicum annuum L)
Authors: Larasari Citra , Hamzah Baharuddin , Suherman Suherman
Published: April 2017

Red chili is one of the food susceptible to decay. It caused by its high water content and so it causes to keep power of red chili abbreviated. Jicama (pachyrizuserosus (L.) Urb.) can act as a natural preservative for red chili due to the saponin compounds contained there in. This study aimed to prove the use of jicama extract as a natural preservative for red chili and to determine the most effective concentration of jicama extract as a natural preservative. The methods used in this study were a maceration to prepare the extract of jicama, and an iodimetric titration to determine the levels of vitamin C before and after curing. The results showed that jicama extract can be used as a natural preservative for red chili. The most effective concentration of jicama extract in preserving the red chili was 4% with preservation durability of red chili for 14 days in which the smallest level of vitamin C decreased among other concentrations, i.e. from 84.47 mg/100 g to 75.13 mg/100 g of material.
Penentuan Waktu Optimum Dalam Pembuatan Bioetanol Dari Bonggol Pisang Tanduk(Musa paradisiaca formatypisa) Melalui Fermentasi
Authors: Setiawati Eka Lilis , Gonggo Siang Tandi , Abram Paulus Hengky
Published: April 2017

Banana tuber contains 76% starch as a source of organic material that can be changed to bioethanol which is an alternative of fuel oil. This study aimed to determine the optimum time of fermentation in the process of producing bioethanol from banana (musa paradisiaca formatypisa) tuber. In this study the fermentation of banana tuber is determined using saccharomyces cereviseae with the variation time of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 10 days. The stages carried out in this study were preliminary or sample preparation, delignification, hydrolysis, fermentation and separation. Bioethanol from the fermented ricestraw was analyzed using alcoholmeter. The content of bioethanol product increased on days 3 to 7 and reach the optimum on the day 7 which was 8.90%, where on the day 8 and 10 decreased the ethanol content.
Bioetanol dari Limbah Kulit Singkong (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) Melalui Proses Fermentasi
Authors: Erna Erna , Said Irwan , Abram Paulus Hengky
Published: April 2017

Carbohydrates can be obtained from tubers such as cassava. Cassava is a plant from family euphorbiaceae and typical tropical plants. Cassava peel is a major waste that contains carbohydrates. The peel of cassava can be used as an energy source, namely ethanol.The purpose of this study is to determine the contents of ethanol through the fermentation process of cassava peel where obtainable from Malino village, Batu Daka West, Tojo Una-Una. The parameters in this study was content of ethanol that was obtained by fermentation using saccaromyces cerevisiae yeast. The fermentation process was conducted by varying day of fermentation, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days. The results showed the fermentation of ethanol with time variation respectively is 4.50, 5.20, 6.00 and 4.00%. In conclusion, it can be said that the highest ethanol content is 6.00% with the fermentation time of 8 days.
Pengaruh Ekstrak Seledri (Apium graveolens L.) Terhadap Kelarutan Kalsium Dalam Batu Ginjal
Authors: Dewi Evie Kurnia Maya , Walanda Daud K. , Sabang Sri Mulyani
Published: April 2017

Celery (apium graveolens L.) contains chemicals that can be used as traditional medicine for various treatments. The research objective is to determine the effect of celery (apium graveolens L.) extractsin dissolving calcium kidney stones and calcium to determine the relationship between the concentration of extract of celery (apium graveolens L.) with the solubility of calcium in the kidney stones. Determination of the solubility of calcium in an extract of celery is by flame fotometer. The concentration of the extract was varried into 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20%. It showed that a concentration of 1% can dissolve the calcium as much as 15.104%; concentration of 5% can dissolve the calcium as much as 18.708%; concentration of 10% can dissolve the calcium as much as 23.683%; concentration of 15% can dissolve the calcium as much as 28.869%; and to a concentration of 20% can dissolve the calcium as much as 35.048%. It can be concluded that celeries extract can dissolve calcium of kidney stones.
Studi Perbandingan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw dan NHT (Numbered Head Together)Terhadap Hasil Belajar Stoikiometri Siswa Kelas X SMAN 8 Palu
Authors: Nizar Nizar , Said Irwan , Suherman Suherman
Published: April 2017

The aim of this study is to compare the learning outcomes of student in SMA Negeri 8 Palu using the cooperative learning model between jigsaw and NHT (numbered head together) on the stoichiometry. This research using a quasi-experimental design with factorial 2 x 2. The population of this study is all student of class X SMA 8 Palu with academic year 2015/2016 which consists of four classes. The sample of this study consists of two classes, namely class XB with amount of 16 students (experimental class) and class XC with amount of 17 students (control class) which was determined by purposive sampling. Data was collected by using test instruments, namely an achievement test that contains the stoichiometry material. The examination of data was conducted by using statistical analysis t-test two sides and one side (right side) non-parametric or Mann-Whitney U test. The average score of the learning outcomes of student by using the jigsaw type was (78.00; SD = 13.63), and by using NHT type was (70.47; SD = 16.51). Based on statistical analysis of the hypothesis test for two sides, it was obtained a value of 0.195 Asymp sig (2-tailed) and was obtained a value 0.204 Exact Sig (1-tailed) of 0.204, both of datas were at the rejection area of H0 which was a significance value greater than 0.05 (P> 0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that there was a difference in learning outcomes using the cooperative model jigsaw type with NHT type, furthermore the type of jigsaw better than the NHT on the learning outcomes of students of stoichiometry in class X SMA Negeri 8 Palu.
Pemanfaatan Ampas Tahu Sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Biodiesel
Authors: Trisnawati Trisnawati , Walanda Daud K. , Said Irwan
Published: April 2017

Biodiesel is an alternative raw material for fuel of diesel motor made from vegetable oil. This study attempted to utilize tofu dregs as raw material for biodiesel. This study aimed to determine the yield of biodiesel produced and the content of methyl esters in the biodiesel yield, and to analyze the quality of biodiesel produced based on Indonesian national standard (SNI). This study consisted of four stages: the provision of samples, pre-treatment, esterification and transesterification, and analysis of the quality of biodiesel produced which include the density at 15 °C, the viscosity at 40 °C, and the moisture content. The results showed that the yield of biodiesel was 4.01%, and the content of methyl ester shown by larger Rf (0.87) using eluent of hexane:diethylether:formic acid. Results of the analysis of biodiesel quality obtained the density at 15°C was 864 kg/m3, the viscosity at 40 °C was 2.57 mm2/s, and the water content was 4%. Based on the parameters ofthe density at 15 °C and the viscosity at 40 °C, the product of biodiesel met the requirements of SNI, while in term of the water content the product did not meet the requirements of SNI.
Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Sambiloto (A. Paniculata [burm.F] ness) Sebagai Bahan Pengawet Alami Tomat Dan Cabai Merah
Authors: Pusung Widya Astuti , Abram Paulus Hengky , Gonggo Siang Tandi
Published: April 2017

Preservation synthetically or naturally is intended to extend the storability of tomato and red chili. Sambiloto (A. paniculata [Burm.f] Nees) is containing saponins that has anti-bacterial properties, therefore can be used as a preservative. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the extract of sambiloto leaf can be used as a natural preservative for tomato and red chili, and to determine the concentration of extract of sambiloto leaf which was effectively used as the preservative. The method used in this study was maceration to produce extract and iodometric titration to determine the levels of vitamin C before and after preservation. The results showed that the pickling tomatoes and red chili using extract of sambiloto leaf with a concentration of 6% sustained tomates up to 9 days and red chilies up to 11 days. Level of vitamin C contained in tomato was decreasing from 39.9 mg/100g to 37.54 mg/100g of material while red chilli is decreasing from 79.78 mg/100g to 72.74 mg/100g of material.
Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Tanaman Putri Malu (mimosa pudica linn) Sebagai Bahan Pengawet Alami Tomat
Authors: Fadlian Fadlian , Hamzah Baharuddin , Abram Paulus Hengky
Published: April 2017

Putri malu plant (mimosa pudica Linn) is known to contain saponin which is antibacterial compounds that can be used as a preservative. This study aims to prove whether the putri malu extracts can be used as a natural preservative for tomato and to determine the concentration of putri malu extracts to preserve tomatoes. The extraction method used was maceration and iodimetric titration to determine the levels of vitamin C before and after preservation. The results showed that the putri malu extract can be used as a natural preservative for tomatoes and the most effective concetration in preserving tomatoes was of 6%, that was for 11 days. At this level of concentration vitamin C showed the smallest value among others concentration where it decreased from 36.373 mg/100 g into 34.613 mg/100 g of material.
Analisis Kadar Kalsium (Ca) dan Fosforus (P) pada Limbah Sisik dan Sirip Ikan Mujair (Oreochromis mossambicus) dari Danau Lindu Sulawesi Tengah
Authors: Tiwow Vanny M. A. , Hafid Inda Widiarti , Supriadi Supriadi
Published: April 2017

The most fish species live in lake Lindu is mujair fish with the average number production of 1080 per day. The scales and fins of mujair fish are the biggest waste that is produced from the processing of this fish and they were just thrown away, which can pollute the environment. The aim of this study is to analyze the level of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) on waste of mujair fish (scales and fins) from the lake Lindu as a basic ingredient of a liquid organic fertilizer. Samples of the scales and fins were taken from a seller mujair fish at Touwa street Palu. To analyze the level of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) from the scales and fins was used a Spectrodirect. Based on the results of the analysis, the average of level of calcium (Ca) in the scales and fins was 4.98 mg/L and 33.33 mg/L, while the average of level of phosphorus (P) was 73.33 mg/L and 145.33 mg/L. The average concentration of dry weight of Ca in samples of the scales was 3,32 mg/kg and the fins was 22,22 mg/kg. The average concentration of the dry weight of P in samples of the scales was 48,88 mg/kg and the fins was 96,88 mg/kg. The results of this analysis showed that the highest concentration of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) was in the fins of mujair fish.
Pemanfaatan Biomassa Serbuk Gergaji Sebagai Penyerap Logam Timbal
Authors: Intan Dey , Said Irwan , Abram Paulus Hengky
Published: April 2017

Lead (Pb) is one kind of heavy metal that has high level of toxicity. One way to reduce the level of Pb is by adsorption using cellulose and lignin of sawdust. The aim of this study is to determine the optimum pH, the optimum weight and to determine the adsorption capacity of sawdust when it absorbs Pb in solution of Pb(NO3)2. The adsorption process is carried out by using the various pH of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 with a weight of 100 mg, and then the various weight of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg with the pH optimum. The analysis of Pb content in the solution was conducted by Spectro-direct. The analysis result shows the determination of pH occured at pH 7, Pb absorbed is 14.89 mg/g, and the percentage of Pb absorbed was 96.97%. For the determination of 400 mg of the adsorbent weight of Pb absorbed was 3,83 mg/g, the adsorption percentage of Pb was 99.98%, and the optimum adsorption for optimum weight was 0.15 mg Pb/mg sawdust.
Pengaruh Ion Logam Cu(II) Terhadap Persen Ekstraksi Ion Pb(II) Menggunakan Teknik Emulsi Membran Cair
Authors: Irawati Dwi Ardi , Hamzah Baharuddin , Rahman Nurdin
Published: April 2017

This study aimed to determine effect of Cu(II) ion toward percent extraction of Pb(II) ion using emulsion liquid membrane technique. Variation concentrations of Cu(II) added were 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 ppm with the initial concentration of Pb(II) was 245 ppm. This extraction used benzoyl acetone as a chelating agent. The extraction results were measured by Spectrodirect. The results showed that percent extraction of Pb(II) ion prior addition of Cu(II) ion was 99.09%, but after addition of Cu(II) to a concentration up to 250 ppm, the percent extraction of Pb(II) ions turned to decrease by 97.92%.
Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Buah Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lamk) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Candida Albicans
Authors: Nuryanti Siti , Mustapa Kasmudin , Sudarmo I Gede
Published: April 2017

Moringa (moringa oleifera lamk) is a nutritious plant that can cure various diseases. Part of this plant such as leaves, roots, flowers, and fruits serve as a traditional medicine. The aim of this study is to determine the inhibitory of extract of moringa fruit on the growth of the fungus candida albicans. The extract of moringa fruit is made by using several solvents such as distilled water, ethanol and hexane. Suspension of the candida albicans obtained from Clinical Laboratory, Palu, Central Sulawesi. Suspension of the candida albicans is synchronized with Mc. Farland solution. The fungus test uses a pitting method. The results showed that inhibition of extract of moringa fruit on the growth of the fungus candida albicans with solvents of distilled water provides greater results as compared with ethanol and hexane. Based on the results of the observation, the percentage of inhibition of the extract of moringa fruit on the growth of the fungus candida albicans with various solvents are 100% for distilled water, 59.99% for ethanol and 6.97% for hexane. The result of phytochemical screening test showed that the moringa fruit contains alkaloids, flavonoids and steroids.
Efektivitas Ekstrak Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus De Vriese) Asal Kabupaten Poso Sebagai Alternatif Penurun Kadar Gula Darah
Authors: Diah Anang Wahid M. D. , Diani Ni Kadek Ana , Jura Minarni Rama
Published: April 2017

Bioactive compounds contained in red fruit (pandanus conoideus De Vriese) among others are flavonoids and tannins. The compounds are classified as very powerful antioxidants and can inhibit free radicals. This study aimed to determine the effective concentration of the red fruit extract from Poso as an alternative for lowering blood sugar levels. The separatin method used was boiling. The animals test were 15 male of mice (Mmus musculus) induced by ethylene diamine tetra acetic (EDTA). The mice were divided randomly into 5 groups with different treatments. The first, the second, and the third treatments were given red fruit extract each with a concentration of 10%, 20% and 30%. The fourth treatment was given glibenclamide suspension as a positive control, and the fifth treatments was given Na-CMC as a negative control. Data were analyzed using a statistical analysis of variance (Anova) test followed by Duncan test. The results showed that the preclinical test of red fruit extract reduced blood sugar levels of mice, and the most effective concentration was 20% as much as 68% (w/v) with significance level a = 0.05.
Pemanfaatan Arang Aktif Biji Kapuk (Ceiba Pentandra L.) sebagai Adsorben Logam Timbal (Pb)
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Ningsih Purnama , Ratman Ratman
Published: April 2017

Lead is a heavy metal that has been a problem particulary in the aquatic environment. This reseach is an effort to reduce these problems by using adsorption method that utilizes an adsorbent of cotton seeds to Pb. Cotton seeds were chemically activated trough the process using a solution of 85% H3PO4. This study aims to determine the optimum weight of activated charcoal an adsoption capacity in optimum condition by using two parameter variations of weight of 0,3; 0,6; 0,9; 1,2 and 1,5 grams and Pb concentration of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 ppm by using a contact time of 30 minutes. Pb concentration was measured using a spectrophotometer spectro-direct. The result obtained that optimum weight of active charcoal cotton seeds was 1,2 grams with a percentage of 97,76% uptake an adsorption capacity in optimum condition Pb was 0,05 mg/mg activated charcoal.
Pengaruh Waktu Fermentasi Terhadap Kadar Bioetanol Dari Kulit Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata)
Authors: Agustina M. Renni , Ratman Ratman , Said Irwan
Published: April 2017

This study aimed to determine the effect of fermentation time on the level of bioethanol from sweet corn bark. Sweet corn bark is one of the agricultural wastes containing cellulose which can be converted to bioethanol through several stapes. The steps were sample preparation, delignification, hydrolysis, and fermentation. This study applied fermentation process on the sweet corn bark using yeast bread (saccharomyces cereviseae) with time variations i.e 2-8 days.The products of fermented ethanol increasedand reached the optimum at 6 days fermentation with the bioethanol level of 4.50,then decrease the ethanol content at day 7 and 8.
ISOLASI KARAKTERISASI DAN UJI EKSPRESI GEN ALP1 DI ESCHERICHIA COLI DH5A
Authors: Puspaningsih Ni Nyoman Tri , Akhmaloka Akhmaloka , Hadi Sofyan , Manuhara Y. Sri Wulan , Irawan Bambang
Published: April 2017

Amylase gene (ALP1) insertion in YCp 50 cloning vector was detected by Direct Screening PCR. Result of Direct Screening PCR showed one transformants which assumed have amylase gene insert. Characterization of the recombinant DNA by Stu1 and EcoR1 restriction enzymes indicated nucleotide sequence of insert gene. Digestion by BamHI, Cla1, and EcoRV restriction enzymes showed only one band that assumed size of insert gene is about 1500 bp. Gene expression showed that amylase enzyme activity by using Somogyi-Nelson method was 88.0265 Unit. This activity was 10 percent higher than transformant control (Escherichia coli DH5a which content YCp50).
PENGARUH UKURAN TUBUH IKAN POECILIA RETICULATA PADA DAYA PEMANGSAANNYA TERHADAP LARVA CULEX QUINQUIFASCIATUS
Authors: Moehammadi Noer
Published: April 2017

The research aimed to know the influence of Poecilia reticulata body size, in the feeding capacity on Culex quinquifasciatus larvae. The research was experimental method with Complete Random Design., each treatment with 5 replications. The taken body size of Poecilia reticulata were; 1,50 cm; 2.50 cm; and 3.50 cm. the size of fish's body was measured from the tip of snout up to the end of fin (cm). The feeding capacity was determined by subtracting the first amount of larvae which was given the rest of larvae after 24 hours. The result showed that the difference of size of Poecilia reticulate body was significantly different in the feeding capacity on Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. The fish whose body size was 1.50 cm had the lowest feeding capacity by eating 77.2 larvae for average, and the highest one was the fist which body size was 2.50 cm by eating 113.6 larvae for average, subsequently the feeding capacity decrease to the fish which body size was 3.50 cm because of eating 100,6 larvae for 24 hours.
PENGHILANGAN GEN Lacz DARI PLASMID pUKC 815 UNTUK MEMBENTUK VEKTOR EKSPRESI DI RAGI Saccharomyces cereviceae
Authors: Thontowi Ahmad , T P Ni Nyoman , Loegito Mariatun
Published: April 2017

The pUKC 815 plasmid was a shuttle vector. This plasmid had the genetic marker to the urasil (URA3) in yeast and ampicillin resistanced marked in E. coli. The pUKC 815 plasmid also had a promotor gene PGK. The PGK promotor was expected to inducting the expression of amylase gene. Expression of amylase gene in S. cereviceaecould be do by preparing the pUKC 815 plasmid as an expression vector through reducing the LacZ gene then it would be replace by the amylase gene. This research used several methods. These method were isolate the pUKC 815 plasmid, the digestion of the pUKC 815 DNAwith the BamHI restriction enzyme, electrolution, ligation and the transformation of 8.000 pb fragment pUKC 815 plasmid in to the cell of E. coli DH5a. the result shown that the expression vector in yeast (S. cereviceae) from the pUKC 815 plasmid with the 8.000 pb was formed.
The Conservation of Kali Pasir Jami’ Mosque in Tangerang, Banten
Authors: Lukito Yulia Nurliani , Asy Syahid Mushab Abdu
Published: April 2017

Abstract—The aim of this study is to elaborate the conserving Kali Pasir Jami’ Mosque in Tangerang City, Banten Province that includes the participation of local communities. There is an initial conservation program proposed by the local government but it is not yet clear of how should the collaboration between communities who have done practical conservation and local government who slowly plans the conservation program. The lack of historical documentation of the building and unstructured research done by communities imply a potential threat to the conservation effort and loss of historical values of the mosque. This paper is the result of both qualitative and quantitative approaches such as observation and in-depth interviews in analyzing the conservation of the mosque. The finding of the research shows the important role of local communities in the sustainability of the mosque although there is also an urge to involve experts and government to create the right strategy in conserving the mosque.Keywords—conservation, Kali Pasir Jami’ Mosque, preservation
Current Density Induced in the Human Body due to Power Distributions Lines using the Boundary Element Method
Authors: Peratta Andrés , Gonzalez Marıa Cristina , Poljak Dragan
Published: April 2017

The paper presents the human exposure assessment to Extremely Low Frequency fields (ELF) by means of the three dimensional Boundary Element Method (BEM). The formulation is based on a rather realistic representation of the human body. The paper analizes the response of the density current due to variations on the detail of the conceptual model considered. Variations on the geometry model and the inclusion of organs have been considered. The results obtained with and without considering the rough representations of the internal organs were compared. This comparison allows to estimate their relevance in numerical modellings at ELF.
Skipping Strategies for High Definition H.264/AVC Real Time Video Coding
Authors: Spinsante Susanna , Gambi Ennio , Chiaraluce Franco
Published: April 2017

This paper discusses the feasibility of High Definition H.264/AVC video coding in the Baseline profile, for real time applications like videoconferencing. By means of suited SKIP strategies and exploiting the higher resolution, redundancyand visual information amount of the High Definition formats,with respect to Standard Definition, it is possible to speed upsignificantly the Mode Decision procedure, without affecting thefinal perceived quality.
THE FINAL GRADE IF THERE ARE SEVERAL EVALUATION OPTIONS USING THE EXAMPLE OF INFORMATION SECURITY PROBLEMS
Authors: Popov Alexander Georgievich , Popov Georgiy Aleksandrovich
Published: April 2017

The problem of choosing the most acceptable variant of expert estimating parameters of objects in a situation where there are multiple results is considered. The procedure for assessing the acceptability of the results of expert estimation when solving a particular problem was built. Based on comparison of acceptability assessments it was suggested to choose the most acceptable result. Set of indicators was formed on the basis of which the degree of acceptability was estimated and the expressions for the integral index of acceptability were given. Five possible methods of expert data were described. On the example of one of the tasks of information security sphere the procedure for using these methods and comparing the obtained results were shown. As an example, the task of assessing the vulnerability of individual PC components in relation to information security threats was considered. The most effective method of treatment of expert linguistic data type - a method based on randomization of expert assessments and attraction of the maximum likelihood method was detected. The expert data processing method, which takes into account the degree of competence of the experts only on the basis of affixed assessments, has been proposed. The procedure of formation of the final result of the expert assessment was described in the presence of several variants of expert evaluation of set of objects on a given group of indicators by integrating all the results in one integrated one. These obtained procedures can be used to process the results of the expert evaluation of objects of any nature.
MODELING OF TECHNOLOGICAL INSTALLATIONS OF RESOURCE SAVING CHEMICAL-TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES BASED ON OBJECT-ORIENTED APPROACH
Authors: Maystrenko Alexander Vladimirovich , Maystrenko Natalia Vladimirovna
Published: April 2017

The possibility of using an object-oriented approach to the creation of information systems of modeling and design of complex chemical-technological processes are considered. Building information models of technological processes using the object-oriented approach involves several stages: the construction of the domain model, the creation of the model of system activity, the formation of an information model and the creation of database models of technological process. As a result of an iterative process, with incremental build-up opportunities, object-oriented design model of chemical-technological system was elaborated; it is to be subject to further code generation. The proposed scheme of designing information models of chemical and technological systems has been used in the development of computer environment for modeling and design of processes of thin organic synthesis - diazotization and azo coupling. Built in the system information models of diazotization and azo coupling allow to calculate not only the parameters of the state of chemical-engineering processes, but also to determine their quality indicators. The results of the calculation of quality indicators of azo pigment were shown as an example. Computational experiments, modeling of technological processes of synthesis of azo pigments, study their static modes, construction areas of permitted functioning modes of the reactor azo coupling system allow to come to the the conclusion about the necessity of formulating and solving problems on optimization of technological modes of process of synthesis of the azo pigments. This will not only improve the quality of the azo pigment, but also receive azo pigment with specified quality and physical and coloristic indicators.
SWITCHING ELEMENT CONTROL IN OPTICAL SYSTEM WITH PARALLEL SEARCH OF COMMUNICATION CHANNELS
Authors: Beresnev Ilya Aleksandrovich , Barabanov Igor Olegovich , Barabanova Elizaveta Aleksandrovna
Published: April 2017

The all-optical switching system is considered. It does not transform the optical information signal into an electrical signal and vice versa. The algorithm of operation of the optical switching system in which the selection of the desired output takes place without the involvement of an external electronic control device is designed. The algorithm reduces the switching time and does not require an electronic control unit. The process of searching available communication channels is parallel. The three-stage scheme of connection and parallel algorithm processing is used. Due to the fact that the search takes place within the switching system and a parallel search of communication channels the algorithm helps reduce the switching time. The switching system is constructed on the basis of active optical switching cells, which are set by comparing the optical wavelengths according to the developed algorithm. The functional schemes of optical cell input, intermediate and output stages are offered. They differ from the known ones in presence of the configuration element in addition to the switching element.
A Simulation Model for Performance Improvement of Triage-Based Emergency Care
Authors: Al-Araidah Omar , Al-Hawari Tarek , Azeez Ma'en Al-Abdel
Published: April 2017

Abstract— The paper presents a discrete event simulation model to evaluate the performance in an emergency department. Following evaluation of current state of emergency care, the study proposes establishing a general medicine clinic within or next to the emergency department such that patients with low emergency priorities can be directed to the clinic where they can see a non emergency physician. Results obtained from testing the proposed model illustrate performance advantage with respect to urgent classified cases ranging from 19.27% to 24.36% reduction in waiting time compared to it in the traditional emergency department system.
Optimal Truck Dispatching For Construction Waste Conveyance
Authors: Yan Shangyao , Chen Yi-Chun , Chang Ching-Fang
Published: April 2017

Abstract—Waste from the construction industry has to be conveyed to and disposed at specific waste-treatment plants. Decision makers, who work in environmental protection companies, usually schedule and dispatch the trucks used for conveying construction waste to plants manually, which is neither efficient nor effective. In practice, there are space and capacity limitations in every construction site and waste-treatment plant, meaning that the amount of the construction waste for transporting and disposing at a specific time and position is restricted. Moreover, when the number of trucks is insufficient, the responsible environmental protection companies could also hire vehicles from car rental companies. Given these considerations, coupled with the related operational constraints and objective of construction waste conveyance in practice, in this study we employ a time-space network flow technique to develop an optimal scheduling model that can assist decision makers in dispatching both their own and rented trucks for conveying construction waste efficiently. The model is formulated as an integer network flow problem with side constraints. Finally, a case study using the real data from an environmental protection company in Taiwan is performed and the results indicate that the model could be useful for dispatching trucks efficiently and thus decreasing the conveyance cost.
Developing a Driver Alert and Alarm System for High Quality Driving Supports
Authors: Yamashita Rei-Jo , Yao Hsiu-Hsen , Yamashita Hiroki , Chi Lo
Published: April 2017

Abstract—Prevention and vigilance plays a key role in preventing threatening risks and potential dangers when one is driving. In other to achieve the goal of averting danger when driving, people need valid and up to date information about: driving behavior, driving environment and vehicle status. There are a lot of factors that needs to be considered in order to keep a driver safe. Drunk driving, blind spots, bad driving habits, fatigue driving, and vehicle status are all factors that needs to be taken into account if safety is to be improved. Driving comfortability greatly depends on vehicle’s status and driver’s behavior. To evaluate the comfort level for a particular ride, we developed a number of formulas for evaluating various variable like vibration which has their base from the ISO. Rules for detecting these factors like fatigue driving, blind spot collision, etc., were set in this study, each of which has a threshold that shouldn’t be exceeded. In this paper, we introduce an in-car monitoring system for driving safety and provide alert and alarm functions using Android device connected to the car’s on-board diagnostics system(OBD-II) and the in-car module.