bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Children in Iranian legends”
Authors: Jalali Maryam , Taheri Ghodratollah , Tavakoli Sara
Published: March 2016

Legends are regarded as a type of oral literature. Holistically, the children’s family life can be divided into 3 categories: living with parents: living with a parent either of them and living with a guardian (anyone except parents such as grandmother, aunt and, etc.). Parents reflect a specific personality or behavior toward their child according to each of these forms. Moreover, the personality of child is remarked as the only born one in the story and it usually plays an important role in any legend plot. Ten samples of the legends series are studied to analyze in order to specify family formation and parents behavior to their child. The main question is how the family and parents behavior are made in a legend.  A hypothesis is presented to answer this question clarifying that child is the only one born in a family who is often living with one of the parents or both or a guardian and parents provide their child with innovation. The current research aims at presenting the family conditions of child as an important factor identifying his life style.
Arahan Optimasi Penggunaan Lahan Melalui Pendekatan Telapak Ekologis di Kabupaten Gresik
Authors: Ghozali Achmad , Ariastita Putu Gde
Published: March 2016

Daya dukung lingkungan Kabupaten Gresik mengalami ketidakseimbangan dalam mewadahi setiap peningkatan kegiatan akibat pertumbuhan penduduk dan perubahan guna lahan yang semakin intensif. Ditandai dengan adanya ketidakseimbangan antara supply daya dukung lingkungan dan konsumsi sumber daya alam dimana perubahan penggunaan lahan di Kabupaten Gresik berakibat pada kerusakan ekologis seperti penurunan produktivitas lahan, krisis air, bencana banjir, dan pencemaran lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komponen daya dukung optimasi penggunaan lahan di Kabupaten Gresik. Metode yang digunakan adalah melalui pendekatan telapak ekologis dimana dapat diukur tingkat konsumsi sumber daya alam dan kemampuan lahan dalam menyediakan kebutuhan konsumsi tersebut dalam satuan lahan global hektar (gha). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biokapasitas Kabupaten Gresik mencapai 319.179,6 gha yang banyak tersebar di wilayah periurban. Prosentase biokapasitas tertinggi pada jenis lahan pertanian sebesar 53.92%. Meskipun demikian biokapasitas tersebut tidak sebanding dengan konsumsi telapak ekologis yang mencapai 1.63 juta gha terutama pada wilayah urban akibat tingginya populasi dan aktivitas kegiatan. Hal ini memperkuat kondisi ketidakseimbangan daya dukung lingkungan di Kabupaten Gresik yang sudah mengalami defisit ekologis sebesar 1.04 gha/kapita. Semua jenis lahan mengalami kondisi deficit dan hanya jenis lahan peternakan yang mengalami kondisi surplus sebesar 0.05 gha/kapita. Hasil pemetaan kondisi defisit ekologis menunjukkan bahwa optimasi penggunaan lahan perlu dilakukan dengan penerapan pembangunan kota kompak (Compact City) sehingga pembangunan mudah dikendalikan dan terjadi efisiensi penggunaan energi. Selain itu juga perlu penerapan sistem agropolitan melalui peningkatkan produktifitas lahan pada wilayah peri urban sebagai supply sumber daya utama di wilayah Kabupaten Gresik.
Penerapan Water Safety Plans (WSP)-Komunitas dalam Penyediaan Air Minum Berbasis Masyarakat di Kelurahan Bangetayu Kulon Kecamatan Genuk Kota Semarang
Authors: Effendi Saura Olivia
Published: March 2016

Water safety plan (WSP) didefinisikan sebagai pendekatan penilaian risiko yang komprehensif dan pendekatan manajemen risiko untuk memastikan keamanan pasokan air minum yang mencakup semua tahapan dalam pasokan air, dari sumber hingga pelanggan dengan target berbasis kesehatan (Sam Godfrey and Guy Howard, 2004 dan WHO, 2009). Konsep WSP yang dikembangkan mencakup empat elemen dasar yaitu: WSP-Sumber, WSP-Operator, WSP- Komunitas, dan WSP-Konsumen. Penerapan WSP di Indonesia akan ditekankan pada konsep WSP-Komunitas. Pamsimas merupakan program pemerintah berbasis komunitas dalam pemenuhan dan pengamanan air yang bertujuan meningkatkan akses pelayanan air minum dan sanitasi bagi masyarakat miskin perdesaan dan daerah pinggiran kota. Bulan Februari 2012, BPSPAMS Tirto Makmur Abadi Kelurahan Bangetayu Kulon Kota Semarang menempati ranking pertama di Kota Semarang Tahun 2012. Berdasarkan uraian di atas, peneliti ingin mengkaji apakah konsep WSP-komunitas telah diterapkan dalam penyediaan air minum berbasis masyarakat oleh Pamsimas di Kelurahan Bangetayu Kulon Kecamatan Genuk Kota Semarang. Pendekata n penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan penelitian campuran (gabungan kualitatif dan kuantitatif). Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi dan analisis, pelaksanaan penyediaan air minum oleh Pamsimas di Kelurahan Bangetayu Kulon masih belum sesuai dengan penerapan konsep WSP- Komunitas. Dari 5 komponen penerapan WSP, belum ada kriteria yang telah dilaksanakan oleh Pamsimas terkait sistem pengamanan air minum. Pamsimas belum menerapkan sistem pengamanan seperti konsep WSP, dimana langkah pengamanan baru ditentukan saat program selesai dilaksanakan dan dampak telah dirasakan.
Keterkaitan Perkembangan Permukiman dan Perubahan Harga Lahan di Kawasan Tembalang
Authors: Pidora Dodi , Pigawati Bitta
Published: March 2016

Kawasan Tembalang diarahkan sebagai lokasi kawasan pendidikan, khususnya perguruan tinggi. Hal ini menjadi daya tarik penduduk untuk menempati kawasan ini dan berakibat pada peningkatan kebutuhan ruang. Peningkatan kebutuhan lahan untuk permukiman, perdagangan dan jasa, berakibat pada peningkatan harga lahan di kawasan tembalang. Tujuan dari penelitian mengkaji keterkaitan antara perkembangan permukiman dengan perubahan harga lahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan analisis spasial. Keterkaitan perkembangan permukiman dan perubuhan harga lahan menunjukan adanya korelasi bernilai 0,45 (Pearson Correlation). Perkembangan permukiman umumnya berada di harga lahan rendah, dan secara langsung memberikan efek pada peningkatan harga lahan. Perkembangan permukiman paling tinggi berada di radius 1-2 Km mencapai 204% pada tahun 2012. Perubahan harga lahan sendiri menunjukkan peningkatan yang sangat tinggi. Khususnya di daerah yang memiliki kedekatan jarak dari Kawasan UNDIP seperti di Kelurahan Bulusan meningkat hingga sebesar 800% dari 2002 ke 2012.
Analisis Prioritas Penanganan Ruas Jalan Strategis Untuk Pengembangan Wilayah di Kabupaten Demak
Authors: Setya Krismawati Natalia Eka
Published: March 2016

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan prioritas penanganan ruas jalan strategis di Kabupaten Demak, serta untuk mengetahui penanganan ruas jalan strategis yang terjadi di lapangan untuk pengembangan wilayah di Kabupaten Demak. Data primer diperoleh berdasarkan kuesioner terhadap 11 orang tenaga ahli dalam bidang penanganan jalan. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui korespondensi, dan daftar pertanyaan (questionaire), sedang analisis data dilakukan dengan metode AHP menggunakan program Expert Choice. Bentuk umum yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan teknik Analisis Rasio Manfaat-Biaya (Benefit Cost Ratio), yang dibentuk oleh dua hirarki yaitu hirarki yang berhubungan dengan Evaluasi Manfaat (KAD, PHD, KTBO dan PWT), serta yang berhubungan dengan Evaluasi Biaya (BI, BOP serta BPL). Berdasarkan hasil penilaian responden melalui kuesioner, ruas jalan strategis di Kabupaten Demak antara lain jalan Mranggen-Bulusari, jalan Karangawen-Pamongan, jalan Gajah-Dempet, jalan Demak-Bonang, dan jalan  Bengkal-Karanganyar. Sedangkan hasil analisis dengan metode AHP menggunakan program Expert Choice diperoleh bahwa variabel terpenting dari Kriteria Manfaat adalah KTBO, lalu untuk Kriteria Biaya, variabel terpentingnya ialah BOP. Kemudian dengan membandingkan hasil Kriteria Manfaat Menyeluruh dengan hasil Kriteria Biaya Menyeluruh diperoleh 3 (tiga) ruas jalan strategis yang Rasio Manfaat-Biaya (Benefit-Cost Ratio) lebih besar dari satu (B/C>1) yaitu jalan Mranggen-Bulusari, jalan Karangawen-Pamongan, dan jalan Gajah-Dempet. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa menurut hasil analisis di atas, dengan eksisting di lapangan yang melibatkan pengambil kebijakan terdapat perbedaan, dimana jalan Muka Kabupaten, jalan Menco-Jetak, jalan Gajah-Dempet, jalan Demak-Bonang, dan jalan Trengguli-Demung menjadi prioritas penanganan jalan strategis tahun 2013 oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Demak. Artinya masih ada beberapa hal yang ditentukan oleh pihak-pihak tertentu sehingga hasil dari keputusan yang diambil belum sepenuhnya murni hasil pendekatan ilmiah yang terstruktur, dan beberapa masih bersifat subyektif.
Livelihood Change as Impact of Rural-Urban Transformation in Sleman Regency
Authors: Ardhityatama Benino Indra
Published: March 2016

Indonesia as one of many developing countries in the world is facing the same problem, which is about the rapidly high level of urbanization. In Indonesia, this transformation from rural to urban area will give impact to the changing of current livelihood, especially to the area that depends on the agriculture sector. Looking at more specific area, Yogyakarta is one of the big provinces in Indonesia that has rural and urban characteristic. The research question is “How does the rural community still resilient on agriculture based condition towards urbanization related to the livelihood changes?” This research focuses on the discovery on what family condition that they still resilient for their agriculture livelihood even though there are many changes caused by the urbanization. Qualitative method is used in this study because it can describe how people feel and their thoughts deeply, but it cannot tell you how many of the target population feel or think that way as quantitative method can. The study area development in Sleman and Godean Sub-District is triggered by the existence of the main access or main road. People that live alongside the main access are more likely to not become farmer again, so does to people that live in collector road. However, those who live in the remote area where the level of urbanization is low, the livelihood there is likely still as farmer considering the agriculture land still can be found easily. The general conclusion of this research is that the farmers in Sleman and Godean Sub-District have considerably high adaptability level. This is shown by the ability of the farmer that still can find a way to survive from the rapid urbanization that reduced their work field availability.
Kajian Aktivitas Penambangan Minyak Tua dan Pertanian dalam Upaya Pengembangan Ekonomi Lokal Desa Bangowan Kecamatan Jiken Kabupaten Blora
Authors: Prasetyo Sigit Irvan
Published: March 2016

Pengembangan Ekonomi Lokal (PEL) bertujuan menciptakan lapangan kerja baru guna merangsang peningkatan kegiatan ekonomi dan meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat lokalnya. Desa Bangowan Kecamatan Jiken memiliki dua potensi lokal yaitu potensi pertanian dan pertambangan. Isu di Desa Bangowan meliputi seberapa besar kegiatan PEL dengan memanfaatkan sumberdaya alam, dalam meningkatkan pendapatan, produktivitas dan kesejahteraan penduduk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji produktivitas tenaga kerja dan kesejahteraan masyarakat sebagai penambang dan petani dalam upaya pengembangan ekonomi lokal. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif yang didukung dengan metode kualitatif dengan analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis regresi ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan belum tercapainya indikator suksesnya PEL, yaitu tidak ada keberdayaan lembaga usaha mikro dan kecil; pola kemitraan PEL yang kurang sempurna; tidak tersedianya fasilitas bisnis klaster; tidak terjadi multiplier effect dari aktivitas penambangan dan pertanian; tidak adanya upaya untuk pengembangan sumberdaya manusia. Kesimpulan yang bisa didapat adalah karakteristik penambang, produktivitas tenaga kerja penambang, kesejahteraan penambang lebih baik daripada petani, kondisi perekonomian penduduk penambang diketahui meningkat.
Perubahan Kesiapsiagaan Masyarakat DAS Beringin Kota Semarang dalam Menghadapi Ancaman Banjir Bandang
Authors: Nurromansyah Afrizal Novan , Setyono Jawoto Sih
Published: March 2016

Pada tahun 2010 terjadi banjir bandang besar di kawasan DAS Beringin Kota Semarang. Pasca kejadian tersebut, pemerintah bersama masyarakat Kota Semarang menjalankan program ketahanan kota melalui program Flood Early Warning System (FEWS) yang dilaksanakan di Kawasan DAS Beringin. Salah satu prioritas tindakannya adalah memperkuat kesiapsiagaan terhadap bencana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan perubahan upaya kesiapsiagaan yang terjadi setelah berjalannya program FEWS. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Metode sampling menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan teknik analisis data menerapkan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, perubahan kesiapsiagaan terjadi pada upaya pemahaman kebencanaan, mobilisasi sumber daya, sistem peringatan dini banjir bandang, dan perencanaan kesiapsiagaan. Pemahaman kebencanaan terjadi perubahan pada aspek sumber informasi pengetahuan dan aspek paradigma tindakan mitigatif bencana. Pada upaya kesiapsiagaan terkait mobilisasi sumber daya, perubahan terjadi pada aspek ketersediaan tim bencana, prosedur komando, aspek peran kelembagaan, aspek struktur kelembagaan, aspek skema komunikasi dan koordinasi, kesepakatan penggunaan alat dan manajemen komunikasi ke luar dan dalam wilayah.
Alternatif Strategi Pengembangan Desa Rahtawu Sebagai Daya Tarik Wisata di Kabupaten Kudus
Authors: Suryo Wibowo Prasetyo Adi , Ma’rif Samsul
Published: March 2016

Wisata Alam Colo merupakan salah satu tempat wisata yang berkembang di Kabupaten Kudus. Wisata alam ini mempunyai daya tarik baik dari segi fisik alam maupun dari segi aktivitasnya. Berdasarkan perkembangan pariwisata, permasalahan yang sering muncul di setiap tempat obyek wisata adalah keterbatasan penyediaan sarana dan prasarana penunjang pariwisata dan kurangnya daya tarik masyarakat terhadap obyek wisata. Oleh sebab itu, solusi yang dapat mengurangi permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan memberikan pelayanan sarana dan prasana penunjang pariwisata yang merata, promosi terhadap obyek wisata dan atraksi yang diberikan oleh setiap obyek wisata supaya dapat menarik wisatawan yang berkunjung. Bertolak belakang dengan Wisata Colo yang berkembang, terdapat Desa Wisata Rahtawu yang merupakan wisata alam yang perkembangannya kurang pesat. Padahal obyek wisata Desa Rahtawu merupakan salah satu obyek wisata yang potensial untuk dikembangkan, berdekatan dengan Wisata Colo yang mempunyai daya tarik wisata alam bagi pengunjung, seperti air terjun dan kali yang masih jernih serta pemandangan pegunungan yang menawan. Oleh karena itu potensi yang dimiliki oleh Desa Rahtawu perlu dikembangkan agar dapat meningkatkan daya tarik wisatawan yang berkunjung seperti Wisata Colo. Potensi yang dimiliki adalah potensi alam dengan menggunakan elemen pariwisata sebagai dasar kriteria pengembangan wisata yang nantinya dapat dilakukan dengan pemilihan alternatif pengembangan wisata yaitu bergabung dengan Wisata Colo atau berkembang sendiri. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan deskriptif didukung teknik analisis proses hierarki analitik (PHA) dan didukung oleh analisis kuanlitatif. Hasil analisis PHA melibatkan beberapa narasumber terkait sebagai pemangku kepentingan pengem-bangan wisata Desa Rahtawu. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa para nasasumber memperlihatkan alternatif yang terpilih untuk mengembangkan Desa Rahtawu adalah dengan berkembang sendiri dengan persentase bobot nilai sebesar 65.16% berkembang sendiri dan 34.84% bergabung dengan wisata Colo. Elemen pariwisata yang memberikan prioritas pengaruh dalam pengembangan wisata Desa Rahtawu yaitu 34.04% atraksi wisata, 17.02% adalah elemen transportasi, akomodasi dan promosi sedangkan prioritas terakhir adalah elemen pengunjung sebesar 14.89%. Pengembangan prioritas utama yang dilakukan adalah dengan meperbaiki atraksi wisata yang telah ada serta memberikan sarana dan prasarana penunjang pariwisata.
Investigasi Efisiensi Propeler Kapal Ikan Tradisional
Authors: Mulyana Deni , Jamari Jamari , Ismail Rifky
Published: March 2016

Kapal ikan tradisional biasanya dibuat dari kayu dan dengan pola kapal yang diperoleh secara empiris sebagai warisan turun-temurun tanpa diketahui nilai hambatan kapalnya. Adapun sistem propulsi kapal ikan tradisional saat ini biasanya menggunakan propeler sebagai pendorong kapal. Pemilihan propeler biasanya hanya berdasarkan kesediaan di pasaran dan kecocokan dengan shaft kapal yang dipakai, tanpa memperhatikan faktor hambatan kapal sebagai pertimbangan pemilihan propeler. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi nilai hambatan kapal ikan tradisional serta mengetahui kinerja propeler yang terpasang sehingga dapat diketahui apakah pemilihan propeler kapal yang terpasang di kapal sudah baik atau tidak. Jenis kapal ikan yang diteliti adalah kapal ikan jenis purse seine di perairan Tegal. Pengambilan data mencakup ukuran utama kapal serta ukuran utama propeler yang terpasang. Kemudian dilakukan pemodelan kapal, estimasi hambatan kapal, dan estimasi efisiensi propeler yang terpasang pada kapal dengan mengasumsikan bahwa propeler kapal merupakan tipe B-series. Efisiensi open water propeler terpasang akan dibandingkan dengan efisiensi open water propeler yang dirancang dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak. Dari pengolahan data didapatkan bahwa nilai hambatan kapal diprediksi sebesar 3.08 kN pada kecepatan kapal 7 knot. Efisiensi open water propeler terpasang sebesar 0.478 sedangkan propeler hasil perhitungan perangkat lunak mempunyai efisiensi open water sebesar 0.546. Ini menunjukkan bahwa pemilihan propeler yang terpasang pada kapal ikan tradisional yang diteliti masih kurang baik
Perencanaan Fasilitas Rekreasi Pada Kolam Retensi di Kelurahan Muktiharjo Kidul, Kota Semarang (Dalam Aspek Perancangan Fisik)
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad , Suwandono Djoko
Published: March 2016

Kolam retensi merupakan salah satu cara untuk mengatasi permaslaahn banjir yang sering terjadi. Kolam retensi tersebut dapat ditingkatkan menjadi sebuah ruang aktivitas agar lahan dari kawasan kolam retensi tersebut dapat berkembang. Penelitian dan perencanaan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan fungsi dari kolam retensi yang hanya bersifat fungsional untuk pengendali banjir yang mengakibatkan fungsi lahan kolam retensi tidak produktif sehingga diperlukan sebuah aktivitas untuk meningkatkan fungsi tersebut. Isu permasalahan berupa lokasi dari koalm retensi yang perlu dilakukan kajian ulang dan juga diperlukan sebuah rencana untuk menyatukan kolam retnnsi dan fasilitas rekreasi dengan upaya pemenuhan kebutuhan masyarakat berupa fasilitas rekreasi. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan teknik analisis statistic deskriptif yang kemudian diketahui hasil dari penelitian yang didapat. Hasil dari penelitian yaitu masih banyaknya masyarakat yang belum terpenuhi akan fasilitas rekreasi. Selain itu, aktivitas rekreasi pada kolam retensi perlu dibangun untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat permukiman yang terdapat di sekitar kolam retensi tersebut. Konsep yang digunakan yaitu, Public Recreation Space, yang mendukung elemen society dan nature sehingga ruang public dapat menjadi wadah bagi masyarakat serta menjadi salah satu paru – paru kota Semarang.
Kajian Perkembangan Penggunaan Lahan Permukiman di Koridor Semarang Timur
Authors: Rudiarto Iwan , Prakasa Rizqy Ridho , Wiryanti Kariza Dewi , Putri Renni Maharani , Masykuroh Dinda Kholivia
Published: March 2016

Pertumbuhan penduduk yang tinggi menuntut pemerintah untuk menyediakan kebutuhan akan rumah yang layak huni dan terjangkau bagi seluruh lapisan masyarakat serta dilengkapi fasilitas pelayanan umum. Lokasi merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam pemilihan rumah. Rumah yang berada di pusat kota memudahkan bagi penghuni untuk melakukan aktiftas sehari-hari dengan meminimalisir biaya transportasi. Saat ini ketersediaan lahan di pusat kota tidak mampu memenuhi perkembangan perumahan. Fenomena ini membuat perkembangan perumahan bergeser ke daerah pinggiran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah mengkaji perkembangan penggunaan lahan permukiman di daerah pinggiran koridor Semarang Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan pemodelan spasial yang menggambarkan kondisi nyata di lapangan. Perkembangan Penggunaan Lahan Permukiman pada tahun 2002, 2006 dan 2011 menunjukkan bahwa lahan permukiman semakin berkembang. Jika dilihat pada arah perkembangan yang terjadi, pemusatan permukiman cenderung semakin padat kearah perbatasan Kota Semarang dengan Kabupaten Demak. Begitu juga dengan arah kepadatan penduduk yang cenderung berkembang kearah pinggiran tersebut.

 
PERAN GENDER DALAM PENINGKATAN KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DESA WISATA COLO KABUPATEN KUDUS
Authors: Puspasari Deny Aditya , Sariffuddin S
Published: March 2016

<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Amasis MT','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-AU">Development of Village tourism development model is initiated by the Ministry of tourism and Creative Economy for poverty in rural paved. It's what makes Holy County Government initiative to develop the village into a tourist village Colo based nature tourism. Sunan Muria with fame in Kudus, making the village a Colo is located in the mountains of Muria as one of the tourist destinations that continues to evolve. See this potential, the villagers do tourism management in non-governmental and informal communities through the establishment of supporting tourism, such as taxi, hawkers and street vendors. There is a unique phenomena that are contained in the village of Colo namely management of tours with gender roles. Gender roles are not only happening in the improvement of well-being. Be interesting to examined how gender roles towards the improvement of the welfare of the Community tourism village Colo? to answer that question, this research uses a quantitative approach through descriptive statistics methods. Data were collected through document review, interviews and questionnaire to 134 KK as respondents. The results showed that gender roles related to the improvement of the welfare of the community. There is a pattern of increasing well-being of informally through changes in livelihood and ultimately increase revenue.
Detecting overweight and obesity among young Syrian boys based on skinfold thickness
Authors: Al-Bachir Mahfouz , Ahhmad Hussam
Published: March 2016

There is no data on the prevalence of overweight and obesity in young Syrian boys. Therefore, the present study aimed to provide baseline and reference data on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among young Syrian boys using skin-fold thickness measurements and deuterium dilution (DD) as a reference method. The sample of 2470 healthy Syrian 18- to 19-year-old boys were enrolled in this study. SFTs were measured at the biceps (B), triceps (T), subscapular (SI) and suprailiac locations (SS) were done and validated using the DD technique as a reference method. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was drawn to determine appropriate cut-off points of the Σ2 limb SFT (T+B), Σ2 trunk SFT (SI+SS), Σ4 SFT (T+B+SI+SS) and Log Σ4 SFT for defining overweight and obesity. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity in young Syrian boys, based on biceps SFT, triceps SFT, subscapular SFT, suprailiac SFT, Σ2 limb SFT, Σ2 trunk SFT, Σ4 SFT, logarithm Σ4 SFT, and DDT were 35.3%, 32%, 31.6%, 14.8%, 32.9%, 26.6%, 28.1%, 24.1%, 46.5%, respectively. Strongly positive correlation was found between SFT and total body fat in adolescents. For diagnosing overweight on the basis of Σ2 limb SFT, Σ2 trunk SFT, Σ4 SFT and logarithm Σ4 SFT, we propose the following cut-off points: 17.25 mm, 23.50 mm, 39.25 mm and 1.60, respectively. To predict obesity, Σ2 limb SFT, Σ2 trunk SFT, Σ4 SFT and logarithm Σ4 SFT threshold were increased to 23.25 mm, 32.50 mm, 55.25 and 1.75, respectively. Basing on SFT clearly leads to underestimates of the prevalence of weight problems among young boys. SFT measurement screen missed 11.2 to 31.7% of overall overweight and obesity cases.
"A Companion to Medical Anthropology"
Authors: Żądzińska Elżbieta
Published: March 2016

Merrill Singer and Pamela I. Erickson (eds.). 2015. A Companion to Medical Anthropology. Blackwell Companions to Anthropology. Wiley Blackwell, United Kingdom, 541 pp. ISBN: 978-1-118-86321-3.
Balance Impossible? Between Customizability and Comparability of Employee Satisfaction Surveys
Authors: Hartebrodt Christoph , Chtioui Yvonne
Published: March 2016

In a significant share of cases, when multi-objective management systems (e.g. Balanced Scorecard, Quantum Performance Measurement) are in use, the goal of employee satisfaction is part of the set of strategic goals. Quite frequently, this goal is flanked by an indicator, mostly a so-called employee satisfaction index, which is frequently derived from an employee satisfaction survey (ESS). On one hand such a survey has to reflect the characteristics and structure of the enterprises, on the other hand it is known that the question for intercompany-comparison turns up immediately after the disclosure of the results. The paper discusses the results of a meta-analysis of ESS in seven of the larger forest enterprises in Germany. The main topics are underlined and the problems of comparability of customized ESS are shown, while focusing on both wording and scales used for their measurement. A methodological approach of dealing with various scales is discussed based on the results of inter- and intra-company ESS. A vision of a common ESS framework is outlined.
Oxygen transfer rate and pH as major operating parameters of citric acid production from glycerol by Yarrowia lipolytica W29 and CBS 2073
Authors: Ferreira Patrícia , Lopes Marlene , Mota Manuel , Belo Isabel
Published: March 2016

The amount of citric acid (CA) produced by
ZnO-nanorods as economical catalyst for synthesis of 4-amino-2-iminodithiole derivatives using tetramethyl thiourea in water
Authors: Rostami-Charati Faramarz , Hajinasiri Rahimeh , Alangi Seyyed Zahra Sayyed , Abad Saeid Afshari Sharif
Published: March 2016

4-amino-2-iminodithiole derivatives were synthesised via multi-component reactions of tetramethyl thiourea, isothiocyanates and alkyl bromides in the presence of ZnO nanorods (ZnO-NR) as the catalyst in water at ambient temperature. These reactions provide low yields without catalysts. The catalyst exhibited significant reusable activity.
The Inward Shift in 21st-Century Linguistic Studies
Authors: Zhang Jie , Yu Hongbing
Published: March 2016

Since the latter half of the 20th century, studies of linguistic signs have exhibited a steady tendency to shift inwards from “form” to “cognition”, the unfolding of which is driven by linguistic globalization and cultural globalization. The present article attempts to account for this shift and to further explore the implications of contemporary linguistic sign studies for the internal mechanism of the human brain and neurons and the intelligent mechanism of the text and culture. If it can be said that the 20th century was the era of formal linguistics, then it is rightful to say that the 21st century will be the era of cognitive linguistics. “Shifting toward cognition” will have a profound impact upon the development of various disciplines in the 21st century and all humanity.
Minimal Computation and the Architecture of Language
Authors: Chomsky Noam
Published: March 2016

The article argues that humans are endowed with an inborn language faculty. The ‘Basic Property’ of language is defined as a finitely-specified procedure represented in the brain, which generates a discrete infinity of hierarchically structured expressions. These unordered structures are linked to two interfaces: (i) the sensorimotor interface and (ii) the conceptual-intentional interface. The sensorimotor interface externalizes and linearizes internal structures, usually in the sound modality. Externalization and linearization account for the structural diversity of the world’s languages. Human language did not evolve from simpler communication systems. The available evidence suggests that language is primarily an instrument of thought, not of communication.
Global Semiotics vs. Human Semiology
Authors: Pablé Adrian
Published: March 2016

This paper adopts as its point of reference an integrational semiology as developed by Oxford Professor of linguistics Roy Harris. It contrasts two contemporary approaches to communication as proposed by global semiotics and Saussurean semiology. Against the former, integrational linguists argue that there is no ‘science’ of communication (i.e., there is no way to isolate communication as a ‘thing’ and only then decide what is rightly called communication), and against the latter that there are no impersonal languages determining for its speakers what counts as communication and what does not. The paper introduces the Harrisian semiological notion of radical indeterminacy and suggests that a linguistics of the 21st century should be ‘lay-oriented’ and should recognize that individuals possess unique communicational histories.
Biological Simplexity and Linguistic Cognition
Authors: Cowley Stephen J.
Published: March 2016

I use biological simplexity to argue that, since the natural world repeats tricks such as emotion, inhibition, or anticipation, language can emerge from coordinated embodiment. In exemplifying the claim, I show how, in both face-to-face dialogue and text messaging, felt experience is yoked to verbal patterning. Language activity is multi-scalar, individual, and collective: people mesh vocal, manual, and gestural techniques with embodied coordination. People gain cognitive skills that link historically derived patterns with how, as vertebrates, they mesh perception with action (in perçaction). This view applies to evolution, know-how, and individual-collective agency: as people draw on the logic shown in the Taiji Yin-Yang emblem, they use language to change the bio-ecology (plant-animal-human-cultural formations) as cultural products transform terrestrial life. It is concluded that recognition of the simplex nature of language can help linguists and semioticians play a major part in reducing the degradation of the living world.
‘Quo Vadimus?’ from a Cognitive Linguistic Perspective
Authors: Panther Klaus-Uwe
Published: March 2016

In this article, I offer some comments on the general theme “The Study of Linguistic Sign Systems in the 21st Century” of this special issue of CSS and on the individual contributions therein. I comment on topics such as the shift from form to cognition in contemporary linguistics (Zhang & Yu), the faculty of language (Chomsky, Cowley), sign systems and their use by nonhuman organisms (Pable), the nature of the linguistic sign and its indeterminacy (Zhang & Yu, Pable, Liszka, and Cowley). One focus is the debate between “nativists” and “non-nativists”, i.e. the question whether the language faculty is inborn or explainable by non-specialized cognitive learning mechanisms. My own conception of language and communication, which is inspired by cognitive linguistics and contemporary pragmatics, regards language as a sign system of conventional form-meaning pairs. Successful human communication requires socio-cultural skills such as cooperative behavior and the ability to infer non-coded meanings.
Écrire la guerre sans fin : le roman Syngué Sabour. Pierre de patience d’Atiq Rahimi
Authors: Körömi Gabriella
Published: March 2016

Atiq Rahimi’s Syngué Sabour is not a classical war novel, in spite of the fact that war is the organizing theme of the novel. The plot of the novel may be set in Afghanistan, a country where war has been a permanent and integral part of the people’s everyday life for generations. How is it possible to describe a never ending, dreadful war without making the writing sensationalist or pathetic? What kinds of language tools and stylistic devices are used by Rahimi to describe the violence of war? When words are not adequate for the depiction of the violence of war, what extralinguistic strategies can the writer employ? These are the research questions the article explores.
Quelques aspects de l’écriture de la violence dans le roman L’Attentat de Yasmina Khadra
Authors: Rădulescu Valentina
Published: March 2016

Violence and its devastating effects challenge writers more than ever. Based on the novel L’Attentat [The Attack] (Julliard, 2005), by the Algerian writer Yasmina Khadra, this paper aims to demonstrate that the writing of violence is both the consequence and the mirror of today’s world convulsions. The analytical approach is focused on the functions of this type of writing, the various forms of violence and their problematic aspects, as well as on the relation of a discourse explaining terrorism with a humanist pacifist discourse, as it appears in the novel.
Simone Schwarz-Bart et l’écriture de la violence (post)coloniale dans le roman Pluie et vent sur Télumée Miracle
Authors: Massoni Da Rocha Vanessa
Published: March 2016

This text is dedicated to studying the fictionalization of traumas of (post)colonialism in the novel Pluie et vent sur Télumée Miracle by the Guadeloupean writer Simone Schwarz-Bart. Published in 1972, the book is built on the premise of novel writing as a therapeutic expression of trauma to be overcome. This implies bringing out the pain of slavery and of a miserable life in the sugar cane plantations through the resistance saga of four generations of valiant women. From a bottom-up perspective of history (Jim Sharpe) and the possibility of the subaltern’s testimony (Gayatri Spivak), emphasis is placed on the oppressed colonized (Frantz Fanon) as main characters, who break the silence for a long time imposed by their masters (Albert Memmi) in order to tell their story.
De la violence à l’écriture : destruction et reconstruction dans la littérature judéo-méditerranéenne et orientale francophone
Authors: Schulz Élisabeth
Published: March 2016

Violence is a central element in the Judeo-Mediterranean and oriental literature written in the French language because it is not only a source of trauma but also originates in an exile without return. Various narratives show us the evolution of verbal abuse which, eventually, turns into murderous acts. In the face of this destructive madness, some writers make use of non-violent writing as a means of reconstruction and restoration. Their objective is to show the concrete consequences of violence and urge readers to become aware of the suffering it causes.
An den Grenzen der Sprache?
Authors: Demmerling Christoph
Published: March 2016

This paper discusses the question of the role played by concepts in human cognition, perception and action. Taking recourse to Heidegger’s Zeug analysis, it defends the thesis that all human experience is perfused with concepts, though without necessarily being propositionally or linguistically structured. Heidegger’s analysis is used to express a non-linguistical version of the conceptuality thesis, and to differentiate between linguistic and practical modes of commanding a concept.
Gründe für Vertrauen, Vertrauenswürdigkeit und Kompetenz
Authors: Budnik Christian
Published: March 2016

One reason that trust is interesting for philosophers is that there are reasons for trust. We want to know when it is appropriate to trust other people, because trusting foolishly can be dangerous. The paper argues that there are two competing ways of understanding reasons of trust – a non-voluntarist and a voluntarist way. On the non-voluntarist picture, reasons for trust are associated with the trustworthiness of another person. On the voluntarist picture, you can appropriately trust another person without judging her to be trustworthy. In the paper a case is made against the voluntarist interpretation. At the same time it is argued that non-voluntarist theories of trust are faced with a particular problem. This problem has to do with the assumption that in order to appropriately trust another person you have to judge her competent in the relevant area of interaction. It is argued that this competence assumption should not be understood as a necessary condition for trustworthiness but rather as a necessary condition for mere reliability. Doing so helps to solve problems associated with trust in medicine ethics and political philosophy, and it opens up new perspectives for theories of trust.
The Use of Filtration Materials to Remove Ammonia from Water / Využitie Filtračných Materiálov Na Odstraňovanie Amoniaku Z Vody
Authors: Hanusová Anna
Published: March 2016

Ammonia nitrogen is the primary product of the decomposition of plant and animal organic nitrogenous materials. Ammonium salts are part of some nitrogen fertilizers and are getting into ground and surface waters from agricultural areas. Secondary ammonium compounds can be formed directly in waters by reducing nitrates. This article is focused just on removing ammonia from drinking water, while the current research emphasizes the use of natural materials, especially for the removal of inorganic contaminants from water. The aim of this work consists in verifying the possibility of using natural filter materials - zeolites in ammonia removal and other filter materials, verify sorption (ion exchange) properties and efficiency of available types of materials under laboratory conditions.
Influence of Water Temperature and Salinity on PH During Dry Season in Lower Dong Nai River System, Vietnam
Authors: Dung Dang Quoc , Duc Pham Anh
Published: March 2016

This paper uses the gvSIG 2.2.0 software, IDW interpolation method, river and stream network data, and 36 sampling sites to build the maps of three monitored parameters such as pH, water temperature, and salinity in the Lower Dong Nai River system (2009-2010) in dry season. Based on an analysis of these maps and statistical assessment by using the R software, the correlations between pH, temperature, and salinity are clarified. The results show that the pH and temperature values have a tendency to decrease, whereas the salinity tends to increase annually. The pH value has good and significant correlations with the water temperature and salinity in both simple and multiple linear regression models. The results aim to provide a scientific reference for further research on the water environment in this area.
Heavy metal intoxication compromises the host cytokine response inAscaris Suummodel infection
Authors: Dvorožňáková E. , Dvorožňáková M. , Šoltys J.
Published: March 2016

Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd) and Mercury (Hg) are recognized for their deleterious effect on the environment and immunity where subsequently compromised immune response affects the susceptibility to the potential parasitic infections. This study examined the host cytokine response after heavy metal intoxication (Pb, Cd, and Hg) and subsequentAscaris suuminfection in BALB/c mice. Pb modulated murine immune response towards the Th2 type of response (delineated by IL-5 and IL-10 cytokine production) what was also dominant for the outcome ofA. suuminfection. Chronic intoxication with Pb caused a more intensive development of the parasite infection. Cd stimulated the Th1 immune response what was associated with increase in IFN-γ production and reduction of larvae present in the liver of intoxicated mice. The larval burden was also low in mice intoxicated with Hg. This was probably not related to the biased Th1/Th2 type of immune response, but rather to the bad host conditions caused by mercury toxicity and high level of pro-cachectic cytokine TNF-α.
Report ofNeospirorchis schistosomatoides Price 1934 (Digenea: Spirorchiidae) infecting a Green Turtle, Chelonia mydas Linnaeus, 1758 (Testudines, Cheloniidae), from Brazil
Authors: Werneck M. R. , Souza G. B. , Berger B. C.
Published: March 2016

We report the occurrence of Neospirorchis schistosomatoidesPrice 1934 in a juvenile green turtle (Chelonia mydas L.1758) from the Brazilian coast. This species has been reported only in green turtles from the USA, Bermuda and Australia. Only two entire specimens and parts of six worms were found in the host’s heart. The collection, identification and morphometric data of intact specimens of N. schistosomatoides are rare and restricted to the original description. This paper presents the first report of N. schistosomatoides in green turtles from the western South Atlantic Ocean.
Mineral Matter in Nigerian Coals and Tar Sand and Their Implications in Binary Blend Formulation and Co-Carbonisation
Authors: Ryemshak Solomon A. , Jauro Aliyu , Chindo Istifanus Y. , Ekanem Eno O.
Published: March 2016

In blend simulation for metallurgical applications, the knowledge of the type and amount of mineral matter in coal and other additives, as well as their derivatives as a result of combustion is important in assessing the coke quality and blast furnace efficiency. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques were used in assessing the mineral matter contents and oxides produced up on combustion of the following Nigerian coals: Afuze (AFZ), Garin-Maiganga (GMG), Lamza (LMZ), Shankodi-Jangwa (SKJ), and Chikila (CHK) in addition to a tar sand from Ondo (OTS). Coal samples from Afuze (AFZ) and Chikila (CHK) were found to contain quartz, hematite, and anhydride as the dominant minerals. The Garin-Maiganga coal sample (GMG) was found to contain quartz, magnetite, anhydride, and magnesite. Quartz and hematite were dominant in Lamza coal (LMZ), while Shankodi-Jangwa coal (SKJ) is associated with dolomite and quartz. The bitumen was found to contain quartz, kaolinite, and rutile. The XRF analysis revealed the presence of sixteen elemental oxides: the most abundant being silicon dioxide, ferric oxide, aluminium oxide, sulphur trioxide, calcium oxide, and titanium oxide. Amongst the coal samples, CHK, AFZ and GMG coals have low acidic/basic and basic/acidic ratios, which indicate that cokes originating from them may form the least slag with the best blast furnace efficiency.
Comparative Study of Advanced Oxidation Processes to Treat Petroleum Wastewater
Authors: Atallah Aljubourya Dheeaa Al Deen , Palaniandy Puganeshwary , Aziz Hamidi Bin Abdul , Feroz Shaik
Published: March 2016

This study was carried out to compare the performance of different oxidation processes, such as solar photo-Fenton reaction, solar photocatalysis by TiO2, and the combination of the two for the treatment of petroleum wastewater from Sohar Oil Refinery by a central composite design with response surface methodology. The degradation efficiency was evaluated in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) reductions. Solar photocatalysis by the TiO2/Fenton method improved the performance of the photocatalyst at neutral pH for petroleum wastewater without the need to adjust the pH during this treatment. Under acidic conditions, the solar photo-Fenton process is more efficient than solar TiO2photocatalysis while it is less efficient under alkaline conditions. The TiO2dosage and pH are the two main factors that improved the TOC and COD reductions in the solar photocatalysis using combined TiO2/Fenton and the solar TiO2photocatalysis processes while the pH and H2O2concentration are the two key factors that affect the solar photo-Fenton process.
Risk and protective profile of tobacco and alcohol use among Iranian adolescents: a population- based study
Authors: Baheiraei Azam , Soltani Farzaneh , Ebadi Abbas , Foroushani Abbas Rahimi , Cheraghi Mohammad Ali
Published: March 2016

Background: Identification of risk and protective factors is of great importance in designing preventive and interventional programs. The aim of the present study has been to investigate peer/individual, family, school, and community risk and protective factors as predictors of tobacco and alcohol use among Iranian adolescents.

Methods: In a cross-sectional population-based study, 870 Iranian adolescents aged 15–18 years old, filled out the adopted form of “Communities That Care Youth Survey”. Thirty-two risk and protective factors were entered in adjusted logistic regression analyses to predict the lifetime cigarette and alcohol use.

Results: Sixteen risk and seven protective factors predicted both lifetime cigarette and alcohol use in the bivariate logistic regression analysis. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis 12 risk factors including friends’ use of drugs, interaction with antisocial peers, sensation seeking, intention to use, perceived risks of drug use, family history of drug use, poor family management, parental attitudes favorable toward drug use, family conflict, academic failure, school low commitment, perceived availability of drugs predicted both lifetime cigarette and alcohol use as well as four protective factors including religiosity, self-esteem, family rewards for prosocial involvement, and school rewards for prosocial involvement. The highest OR were related to the risk factor of “Rewards for antisocial involvement” [3.9(1.5–10)], and protective factor of “Religiosity” [0.1(0.1–0.3)].

Conclusion: The present study has produced evidences about risk and protective factors related to adolescents substance use and can help designing and implementing of preventive interventions for maintaining and promoting adolescents health.
Crystal structure of poly[(μ2-biphenyl-2,2′-dicarboxylato-κ4
O,O′:O′′,O′′′)(μ2-4,4′-bipyridine-κ2
N:N′)copper(II)], C24H16CuN2O4
Authors: Liang En-Xiang , He Bin-Hong , Xu Yi-Xue , Yi Jian-Min , Ren Shao
Published: March 2016

CuC24H16N2O4, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 20.262(7) Å, b = 9.530(3) Å, c = 11.444(3) Å, β = 117.095(5)°, V = 1967.2(11) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0271, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0998, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of poly[diaquabis(μ4-benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylato-κO
1,κO
2:κO
3,κO
4:κO
5:κO
6)-bis(μ2-4,4′-benzene-1,3-diylbis(4H-1,2,4-triazole-κ2
N:N′)tricadmium(II)] tetrahydrate, C38H34Cd3N12O18
Authors: Miao Shao-Bin
Published: March 2016

C38H34Cd3N12O18, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 35.076(3) Å, b = 7.5997(7) Å, c = 18.5480(18) Å, β = 117.8560(10)°, V = 4371.3(7) Å3, Z = 6, R
gt
(F) = 0.0314, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1265, T = 296(2) K.
Association of dioxins, furans and dioxin-like PCBs in human blood with nephropathy among US teens and young adults
Authors: Everett Charles J. , Thompson Olivia M.
Published: March 2016

We assessed the association of three chlorinated dibenzo-
Connecting science with industry: lessons learned transferring a novel plasmonic mercury sensor from the bench to the field
Authors: Crosby Jeffrey , James Jay
Published: March 2016

Mercury is a pollutant of pressing global concern. National and international efforts are focused on reducing mercury in the environment to prevent its adverse health impacts. Better sensors would aid in these efforts. This paper details ongoing efforts to deploy novel plasmonic mercury sensors. The authors describe the research efforts to develop the fundamental technology in a research lab and the experience translating that fundamental research into a viable field-ready sensor. Lessons learned along the way are explored.