bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Problem of Light and Aerial Environment Imaging in an Etude
Authors: Chernova I. , Biktagirov Arslan , Leonova I.
Published: January 2020

The article reflects the problems arising in the process of teaching painters and designers to create etudes. By the empiric way the authors of the article have come to the conclusion that it is possible to group the problems which students face when reflecting light-and-air environment in etudes. On the basis of vast teaching practice the authors distinguish such most significant problems as:

• difficulty in realizing the limitation of tone range of painting and graphics in comparison with natural surroundings;

• mistakes made in defining the ratio of maximum light and maximum dark elements of the natural surroundings;

• difficulty in reflecting the space depth.

The authors’ vast teaching experience has allowed to formulate a complex approach to eliminating the above mentioned problems combining teaching and technical aspects and providing the following

skills:

• the complex perception of the nature object;

• the ability to establish the ratio of the big main color spots;

• the understanding of the nature objects’ tone and color change mechanism;

• the ability to define the dependence between the visual tone and color and the distance to the object.

To realize the mentioned complex approach the authors suggest implementing a system of different exercises and trainings. In the article they describe two alternative variants of trainings. The first one molds the perception of light-and-air environment by the method of “dyeing”, with the following fixing the molded skills in creating a series of elementary academic settings. The second training is based on the stipulation that watercolor grisaille does not demand any preliminary preparation for perception the influence of light-and-air environment. Thus, according to the training methods, a student automatically gets tone ranging of the whole work area. In the authors’ opinion, in addition to the mentioned exercises, students should be offered less difficult tasks in order to fix the skills and form the dynamic stereotype of defining the light-and-air environment’s influence in etudes.
Position of multi-family approach in the therapy of adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Description of the method and results of clinical studies.
Authors: Taurogiński Bartłomiej , Tomasiewicz Aleksandra
Published: January 2020

Autorzy kontynuując tematykę terapii wielorodzinnej (ang. Multi-family therapy — MFT) przedstawiają zastosowanie tego rodzaju oddziaływań terapeutycznych w leczeniu dzieci i młodzieży z zaburzeniami odżywiania. Metoda pracy terapeutycznej, w której uczestnikami jest równocześnie kilka systemów rodzinnych borykających się z chorobą swojego dziecka jest stosowana na świecie od późnych lat osiemdziesiątych, jednak jej intensywny rozwój miał miejsce w ostatnich dwudziestu latach. Autorzy, opierając się na licznych doniesieniach naukowych, wskazują na zalety terapii wielorodzinnej w leczeniu nastolatków z anoreksją. Przytaczają modele oparte o doświadczenie i pracę kilku europejskich zespół terapeutów i przedstawiają wyniki przeprowadzonych dotąd badań. Terapia wielorodzinna okazuje się metodą równie skuteczną co klasyczna terapia rodzin w leczeniu omawianej grupy pacjentów. Jej zaletą jest aktywne wykorzystywanie zasobów uczestników oraz tworzenie kontekstu przyspieszającego zachodzenie zmian w rodzinach. Ze względu na niedostateczną liczbę danych omawiany sposób pracy wymaga prowadzenia dalszych badań nad jego skutecznością. Autorzy rekomendują włączanie tego rodzaju oddziaływań do oferty leczenia zaburzeń odżywiania na terenie Polski.
Gra figurami pamięci zbiorowej w utworze artystycznym. Z zagadnień lingwistyki pamięci
Authors: Niewiara Aleksandra
Published: January 2020

Playing with Figures of Collective Memory in Artistic Work. Issues in Memory LinguisticsThe article presents an ethnolinguistic analysis of A. Stasiuk’s drama Czekając na Turka (‘Waiting for the Turk’). Staged in 2009, the play examines figures of communicative and cultural collective memory, to use Jan Assmann’s terminology. Particular attention is given to linguistic means of lexical and syntactic archaization of literary text, used to elicit associations with the past images of Turks in Polish and European imagination, and in consequence, to propose an interpretation of an important event in European culture and history at the end of the 20th century: the fall of the Berlin Wall. In comparison with the older concept of antemurale Christianitatis (associated with Ottoman Turks’ incursions against European countries), the importance of the modern, current concept is reduced.
Językowo-kulturowy obraz męskości w felietonach Tomasza Raczka
Authors: Majewska Magdalena
Published: January 2020

The Linguistic and Cultural Image of Masculinity in Tomasz Raczek’s FeuilletonsIn this paper, the author presents the linguistic layer of Tomasz Raczek’s feuilletons published in the “Wprost” weekly. Analysed are the various linguistic means, phraseologisms, and lexemes occurring in Raczek’s texts, which showcase masculine and non-masculine social attitudes, and thereby the subjective value system represented by the author of the “Ekran osobisty” (‘Personal screen’) series of feuilletons. Moreover, the paper presents the narrative strategies of Raczek’s feuilletons, revealing the linguistic and cultural image of masculinity in Raczek’s texts: the culture of intertextuality and conceptual metaphors.
Zagadka bratka. Nazwa jako narzędzie językowego porządkowania świata
Authors: Szadura Joanna
Published: January 2020

The Pansy Puzzle. Name as a Tool of Linguistic Ordering of the WorldThe paper analyses Polish names for ‘wild pansy’. Two fitonymic models have been reconstructed: a botanical, and a cultural one. The former is represented by the Linnean name Viola tricolor; the latter also refers to the botanical characteristics of the plant, but can be reinterpreted in accordance with the knowledge of the world which is fixed, and conventionalized, in the given community. This is an internally diversified model, dynamic, open to the influence of other cultures, and determined by the context. Among others, it is realized by names connected to family relationships, such as macoszki ‘stepmothers’ which refers to Germanic beliefs, or brat ‘brother’ and siostra ‘sister’ related to Eastern and Western Slavic culture.
Frazeologiczne kalki, półkalki i hybrydy w mowie dwujęzycznej społeczności staroobrzędowców mieszkających w Polsce
Authors: Grupa-Dolińska Magdalena
Published: January 2020

Phraseological Calques, Semi-calques and Hybrids in the Language of the Bilingual Community of Old Believers in PolandThe paper is an attempt to create the definitions of and delimitations between the terms calque, semi-calque, and phraseological hybrid, based on the material collected among the bilingual community of Old Believers in Poland. Many scientfic papers have been written on calques, semi-calques, and phraseological hybrids, contributing to a better understanding of those linguistic phenomena, and deepening the possibilities of their interpretation. Calques, semi-calques, and lexical hybrids have been described in a quite satisfactory way; with reference to phraseology, however, theoretical and methodological discussions are still lacking. Their correct interpretation is key for an analysis of the phraseological store of the bilingual community of Old Believers in Poland. For more than half a century, their Russian dialect has been subjected to an incessant, strong influence of Polish, resulting in the appearance of an increasingly large number of elements borrowed from Polish, especially in the lexical system: borrowings, lexical calques, as well as phraseological calques and semi-calques.
Słownik gwarowy Kazimierza Nitscha
Authors: Okoniowa Joanna
Published: January 2020

Kazimierz Nitsch’s Dialectal DictionaryThe paper presents the profile of Kazimierz Nitsch on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of his death. Particular attention was given to Nitsch’s achievements in connection with modern dialectal lexicography.
Kazimierz Nitsch i "Mały atlas gwar polskich"
Authors: Reichan Jerzy
Published: January 2020

Kazimierz Nitsch and Mały atlas gwar polskich (‘A small atlas of Polish dialects’)This paper describes K. Nitsch’s road to dialectology and linguistic geography. It begins with a presentation of some events from Nitsch’s youth. In those times, he was inspired by Baudouin de Courtenay’s phonological methods and Gilliéron’s linguistic geography. Having completed his genius description of Polish dialects, Nitsch began work on the atlas and dictionary of Polish dialects. After World War II, he organized the work on Mały atlas gwar polskich (‘A small atlas of Polish dialects’) which was planned to precede a large one. This work, commenced by an editorial team under the direction of Nitsch in a special department of the Polish Academy of Sciences, was continued and completed under the supervision of Nitsch’s student, M. Karaś. The work discussed in the present paper comprises 13 volumes, 601 maps, 116 main and about 200 supplementary localities. Linguistic phenomena have been shown on maps using geometric figures, coloured areas, and isoglosses. Labels were rarely used. The atlas focuses on phonetic and morphological phenomena. It also contains multiple lexical maps. Mały atlas gwar polskich is the single largest work in the field of Polish linguistic geography.
Związki przymiotnika "były" z rzeczownikami
Authors: Piotrowska Adrianna
Published: January 2020

Connectivity of the Adjective były ‘Former’ with NounsThe paper discusses the grammatical and semantic characteristics of the adjective były ‘former’, with a particular regard to its connectivity with nouns. The adjective były is an element of a nominal group, it connotes a noun on the right side, and cannot be used in the function of a predicate. It connects with certain groups of common nouns which denote people and artifacts, as well as with geographical names; it does not connect with names of animals or plants.
Profesor Mirosław Skarżyński (1952–2019)
Authors: Czelakowska Anna , Rak Maciej
Published: January 2020

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O wyzwaniach i zadaniach pamięcioznawstwa lingwistycznego
Authors: Chlebda Wojciech
Published: January 2020

On the Challenges and Tasks of Linguistic Memory Research

The paper summarizes the first stage of development of a new subfield of linguistics known as linguistic memory research, and poses three questions which are important for its further development: what are the mutual relations and tangents between language and memory (both individual and collective), what are the mutual relations between linguistic memory research and the related field of cognitive ethnolinguistics (as well as such disciplines in humanities as historiography and theoretical archaeology), and lastly, in what areas can linguistic memory research and ethnolinguistics support each other most effectively. A greater part of the paper is devoted to a brief overview of the ten problem areas in memory research, and a presentation of specific tasks posed before linguists by questions concentrated in those areas: from the determination of the role of memory in the processes of lexicalization and phraseologization, through the classification of verbal (phonic, lexical, phraseological, syntactic, genre-related, etc.) exponents of memory, and the determination of their role in the learning of aspects of individual and collective memory, up to an analysis of the role of the given ethnic language in the building of large mental constructs interepreting the reality, such as collective memory, linguistic image of the world, and community knowledge.
Zenon Klemensiewicz a składnia dialektów polskich i słowiańskich
Authors: Rak Maciej
Published: January 2020

Zenon Klemensiewicz and the Syntax of Polish and Slavic Dialects

The paper discusses two issues: 1) Z. Klemensiewicz’s previously unknown research in the area of dialectal syntax, and 2) his dispute with J. Bauer, regarding the inclusion of syntax in Ogólnosłowiański atlas językowy (‘General Slavic linguistic atlas’). It has transpired that the collections of the Archive of Science of PAN and PAU in Cracow contain Klemensiewicz’s materials for Zarys składni polskich dialektów (‘An outline of the syntax of Polish dialects’), excerpted from K. Nitsch’s Wybór polskich tekstów gwarowych (‘A selection of Polish dialectal texts’), as well as the manuscript of the polemic with Bauer’s proposal. It seems probable that, by describing the syntax of Polish dialects, Klemensiewicz wanted to capture the characteristics of the syntax of spoken Polish.
Stability Analysis of Stochastic Linear Car-Following Models
Authors: Wang Yu , Li Xiaopeng , Tian Junfang , Jiang Rui
Published: January 2020

Recent scholars have developed a number of stochastic car-following models that have successfully captured driver behavior uncertainties and reproduced stochastic traffic oscillation propagation. Whereas elegant frequency domain analytical methods are available for stability analysis of classic deterministic linear car-following models, there lacks an analytical method for quantifying the stability performance of their peer stochastic models and theoretically proving oscillation features observed in the real world. To fill this methodological gap, this study proposes a novel analytical method that measures traffic oscillation magnitudes and reveals oscillation characteristics of stochastic linear car-following models. We investigate a general class of stochastic linear car-following models that contain a linear car-following model and a stochastic noise term. Based on frequency domain analysis tools (e.g., Z-transform) and stochastic process theories, we propose analytical formulations for quantifying the expected speed variances of a stream of vehicles following one another according to one such stochastic car-following model, where the lead vehicle is subject to certain random perturbations. Our analysis on the homogeneous case (where all vehicles are identical) reveals two significant phenomena consistent with recent observations of traffic oscillation growth patterns from field experimental data: A linear stochastic car-following model with common parameter settings yields (i) concave growth of the speed oscillation magnitudes and (ii) reduction of oscillation frequency as oscillation propagates upstream. Numerical studies verify the universal soundness of the proposed analytical approach for both homogeneous and heterogeneous traffic scenarios, and both asymptotically stable and unstable underlying systems, as well as draw insights into traffic oscillation properties of a number of commonly used car-following models. Overall, the proposed method, as a stochastic peer, complements the traditional frequency-domain analysis method for deterministic car-following models and can be potentially used to investigate stability responses and mitigate traffic oscillation for various car-following behaviors with stochastic components.
Species of forages utilized by farmers producing halal goats in Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM), Philippines
Authors: NAVARRA GERALDSON A. , SALVAÑA FLORENCE ROY P. , SEPELAGIO ELMA G. , SANCHEZ CARLITO B. , BESANA CYRELLE M. , MANCERAS LEANNES JAY S. , BRA SULOG G.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Navarra GA, Salvaña FRP, Sepelagio EG, Sanchez CB, Besana CM, Manceras LJS, Bra SG. 2019. Species of forages utilized by farmers producing halal goats in Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM), Philippines. Asian J Ethnobiol 2: 1-7. Local production of small ruminants necessitates forage assessment considering the fact that animals are typically fed with locally available plant species. This study was carried out to determine the species of plants used as forage by raisers producing halal goats in BARMM (Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao). Personal interview with the respondents producing halal goats was conducted and a questionnaire was used to determine species of forages. A total of eight municipalities were included in the survey, seven of which were from Maguindanao and one was from Lanao del Sur. Purposive sampling was used in the survey. A total of 47 respondents was interviewed based on the criteria: (i) a believer of Islam (ii) with 5 to 24 breeder does; and (iii) willingness of the farm owner to participate in the survey. All respondents fall to these criteria were interviewed. All respondents used forage species including paragrass (Brachiaria mutica), carabao grass (Paspalum conjugatum), ipil-ipil (Leucaena leucocephala) and kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) in all sampling sites. Other species included malunggay (Moringa oleifera), banana (Musa balbisiana), stylo (Stylosanthes humilis), centrosema (Centrosema pubescens), langka (Artocarpus heterophyllus), pinto peanut (Arachis pintoi), napier (Pennisetum purpureum), barnyard grass (Echinochloa sp.), Guinea grass (Panicum maximum), indigofera (Indigofera tinctoria), calliandra (Calliandra calothrysus), katurai (Sesbania grandiflora) and rensonii (Desmodium rensonii). Only eleven percent (11%) of the respondents utilized improved and domesticated species of forages. Improved and domesticated forage species are plants commonly cultivated forage for livestock production. Some species of plants present in open vegetated areas like Erigeron canadensis, Sphagneticola trilobata, Ageratum conyzoides and Urena lobata were also consumed by goats according to the respondents. There were also plant-related toxicosis observed by the respondents caused by C. pubescens and Urena lobata. Most of the respondents in BARMM are not utilizing improved and domesticated species of forages and rely on locally available forages present in rangeland. Most of them have limited knowledge of the nutritional requirements of goats. There is a need to enhance the understanding of farmers on the importance of proper forage selection and combination.
Improved control of electron computer-generated holographic grating groove profiles using ion beam gas-assisted etching
Authors: Johnson Cameron W. , Bauer Dylan H. , McMorran Benjamin J.
Published: January 2020

In a transmission electron microscope, electrons are described by matter-waves with wavelengths five orders of magnitude smaller than optical electromagnetic waves. Analogous to optical holography, electron wavefronts can be shaped using nanoscale holographic gratings. Here we demonstrate a novel, scalable nanofabrication method for creating off-axis holographic gratings that demonstrate near ideal diffraction efficiencies for binary, sinusoidal, and blazed grating groove profiles. We show that this method can produce up to 50 µm diameter area gratings that diffract up to 68% of the transmitted electron wave into a desired diffraction order with less than 7% into any other order. Additionally, we find that the amount of inelastically scattered electrons from the material gratings remaining in the coherent diffraction orders from the gratings is negligible in the far field.
Multi-focus image fusion method using energy of Laplacian and a deep neural network
Authors: Zhai Hao , Zhuang Yi
Published: January 2020

Multi-focus image fusion consists in the integration of the focus regions of multiple source images into a single image. At present, there are still some common problems in image fusion methods, such as block artifacts, artificial edges, halo effects, and contrast reduction. To address these problems, a novel, to the best of our knowledge, multi-focus image fusion method using energy of Laplacian and a deep neural network (DNN) is proposed in this paper. The DNN is composed of multiple denoising autoencoders and a classifier. The Laplacian energy operator can effectively extract the focus information of source images, and the trained DNN model can establish a valid mapping relationship between source images and a focus map according to the extracted focus information. First, the Laplacian energy operator is used to perform focus measurement for two source images to obtain the corresponding focus information maps. Then, the sliding window technology is used to sequentially obtain the windows from the corresponding focus information map, and all of the windows are fed back to the trained DNN model to obtain a focus map. After binary segmentation and small region filtering, a final decision map with good consistency is obtained. Finally, according to the weights provided by the final decision map, multiple source images are fused to obtain a final fusion image. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed fusion method is superior to other existing ones in terms of subjective visual effects and objective quantitative evaluation.
Design of an arbitrary ratio optical power splitter based on a discrete differential multiobjective evolutionary algorithm
Authors: Xie Yuan , Huang Tianye , Ji Qizheng , Yang Ming , Wang Jin , Tu Xin , Cheng Zhuo , Xu Guizhen , Wei Qian , Wu Yiheng , Ping Shum Perry
Published: January 2020

Traditional photonic integrated devices are designed to predict their optical response by transforming the structure and parameters, and it is often difficult to obtain devices with excellent performance in all aspects. The nanophotonic computing design method based on the optimization algorithm has revolutionized the traditional photonic integrated device design technology. Here, we report a discrete differential evolution algorithm that simulates a natural selection process to achieve an ultracompact arbitrary power ratio splitter. The footprint of the designed splitter is only

2.5

µ

m

×

2

.

5

µ

m

, the simulated total transmission efficiency is above 90%, the power ratio error is less than 3%, and it can work normally over the C-band. Our algorithm can provide new ideas for the application of genetic algorithms to the automatic optimization of photonic integrated devices.
Single longitudinal mode GaAs-based quantum dot laser with refractive index perturbation
Authors: Ding Yun-Yun , Lv Zun-Ren , Zhang Zhong-Kai , Yuan Hui-Hong , Yang Tao
Published: January 2020

We report on the design, fabrication, and characterization of single longitudinal mode InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers emitting at the 1.3 µm communication band. The influence of simply etched surface high-order gratings in the ridge of the Fabry–Perot lasers has been studied. A 35th-order surface grating is fabricated by standard photolithography to introduce the refractive index perturbation, which leads to the reduced mirror loss at the desired wavelength and thus realizing single longitudinal mode lasing. Stable single-mode operations are maintained at the injection current range of 45–100 mA with a side-mode suppression ratio up to 33 dB.
Concentric re-emission pattern from a planar waveguide with a thin uniform luminescent layer
Authors: Matsumura Ryo , Tsutsumi Yasuhiro , Fujieda Ichiro
Published: January 2020

When a beam of light excites a single spot on a thin luminescent layer
embedded in a planar waveguide, a concentric re-emission pattern is
observed. An analytical expression is formulated by following the
series of events in the waveguide: generation of angle-dependent
photoluminescence spectra, reflection at the waveguide–air boundary,
absorption by the luminescent layer, and generation of next-generation
photoluminescence. The formula reproduces the peak radii observed in
the experiments with some organic dyes. It provides insights for the
re-emission events in a luminescent solar concentrator and the cross
talk in an energy-harvesting display based on photoluminescence.
Constraints and performance trade-offs in Auger-suppressed HgCdTe focal plane arrays
Authors: Vallone Marco , Goano Michele , Bertazzi Francesco , Ghione Giovanni , Hanna Stefan , Eich Detlef , Sieck Alexander , Figgemeier Heinrich
Published: January 2020

Majority carrier depletion has been proposed as a method to suppress the dark current originating from quasi-neutral regions in HgCdTe infrared focal plane array detectors. However, a very low doping level is usually required for the absorber layer, a task quite difficult to achieve in realizations. In order to address this point, we performed combined electromagnetic and electric simulations of a planar

5
×
5

pixel miniarray with 5 µm wide square pixels, assessing the effect of the absorber thickness, its doping level in the interval

N
D

=
[

10

14

,

10

15

]

c
m

−
3

, and temperature in the interval 140 K–230 K, both in the dark and under illumination. Looking for a trade-off, we found that the path towards high-temperature operation has quite stringent requirements on the residual doping, whereas a reduction of the absorber thickness helps only moderately to reduce the dark current. Under illumination, interpixel cross talk is only slightly cut down by a decrease of temperature or absorber doping in the considered intervals, whereas it gets more effectively reduced by thinning the absorber.
Absorption path extension tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy system with a dual fiber loop configuration
Authors: Zhu Cunguang , Li Chenxi , Wang Pengpeng , Peng Feng , Cui Xiaojun , Chu Tongwei , Wu Bing
Published: January 2020

Increasing absorbance by lengthening the absorption path is a direct and effective approach to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of infrared gas absorption spectroscopy. However, once the absorption path is extended by designing and optimizing the gas cell structure to a certain extent, a bottleneck will appear due to the difficulties in the optical alignment and the interference effect. A modified tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy system with a dual fiber loop configuration is proposed that can extend the effective absorption path length of the original multipass cell several times. The relevant theoretical model has been established and its effectiveness has been verified through experiments.
Integrated principal component analysis denoising technique for phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry vibration detection
Authors: Ibrahim Atubga David Atia , Lin Shengtao , Xiong Ji , Jiang Jialin , Fu Yun , Wang Zinan
Published: January 2020

This paper presents an integrated principal component analysis (IPCA) technique for denoising phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (

Φ

-OTDR) sensing data for vibration detection. As one of the key distributed optical fiber sensing technologies, it has attracted great attention, mainly due to its high sensitivity, fast response time, dynamic range, and vibration detection abilities. To enhance vibration detection along the sensing fiber, an appropriate denoising method must be carefully selected. Hence, the PCA that can effectively reduce noise on signals while preserving significant details of the denoised signal is identified. It was then applied on the said signal after digital down-conversion where the noise was greatly reduced. Then angle and phase unwrapping was performed and the vibration was clearly detected with a significant enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio. As proof of concept, the theoretical analysis and an experimental demonstration of a vibration sensing range of 800 m are presented.
Optical Coulomb blockade lifting in plasmonic nanoparticle dimers
Authors: Sivun Dmitry , Klar Thomas A.
Published: January 2020

If two metal nanoparticles are ultimately approached, a tunneling current prevents both an infinite redshift of the bonding dipolar plasmon and an infinite increase of the electric field in the hot spot between the nanoparticles. We argue that a Coulomb blockade suppresses the tunneling current and sustains a redshift even for sub-nanometer approach up to moderate fields. Only for stronger optical fields, the Coulomb blockade is lifted and a charge transfer plasmon is formed. Numerical simulations show that such scenarios are well in reach with manageable nanoparticle dimensions, even at room temperature. Applications may include ultrafast, optically driven switches, photo detectors operating at 500 THz, or highly nonlinear devices.
Study of atomic geometry and its effect on photon generation and storage [Invited]
Authors: Furuya Keiichiro , Nandi Arindam , Hosseini Mahdi
Published: January 2020

We report the result of our study on the dependency of the photon
generation and storage to atomic geometry in an optical resonator. We
show that the geometry of atoms in an ensemble can be engineered to
control collective excitations in a way to achieve high degree of
correlation between photons. Moreover, we discuss the role of geometry
in such structures to efficiently store photons among a small number
of atomic regions.
Simultaneous length extension and temporal prolongation of high-density plasma filaments generated by a femtosecond laser in the air
Authors: Hefets Ynon , Papeer Jenya , Dey Indranuj , Zigler Arie
Published: January 2020

We experimentally demonstrate a simultaneous spatial extension and temporal prolongation of plasma wire generated by a high-power femtosecond laser undergoing filamentation. A single femtosecond laser pulse, transmitted through a specially designed telescopic lens array, creates three concatenated segments of the plasma wire with total length of over 3 meters and free electron density of ∼1016 cm−3 along the entire distance. The plasma filaments were irradiated by a secondary nanosecond laser that propagates collinear to the plasma wire. The plasma wire absorbs energy from the secondary laser and its lifetime is prolonged from about 3 ns to above 30 ns. The obtained plasma wire length and lifetime prolongation is limited only by the fs/ns lasers parameters.
Arquitetura vitruviana e retórica antiga
Authors: Santos Settings Gilson Charles dos
Published: January 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a analogia básica entre arquitetura e retórica antiga a partir dos tratados De Architectura, de Vitrúvio, e o De Oratore, de Cícero. A analogia se verifica na definição do artífice, dos gêneros e partes das técnicas e dos fins de cada uma delas. Para tanto, tomaram-se como referência as fontes do tratado vitruviano, que menciona a influência de Varrão na gramática, de Lucrécio na filosofia e de Cícero no método oratório. A analogia com Cícero serve tanto para conferir autoridade ao modelo de arquiteto vitruviano quanto para diferenciar a arquitetura das demais ciências, sobretudo a filosofia, objeto de debate na obra ciceroniana.
“Taylorismo” antes de Taylor
Authors: Rocha Ivan Esperança
Published: January 2020

O taylorismo é identificado com o sistema de organização e administração do trabalho proposto, no início do século XX, por Frederick Winslow Taylor, e busca alcançar o máximo de produção e rendimento com o mínimo de tempo e de esforço despendidos, por meio de padronizações e simplificações num momento de expansão da indústria que exigiu grandes preocupações com a eficiência do trabalho. Apesar de vinculado inicialmente à atividade industrial, o taylorismo foi adaptado à racionalização das mais diversas atividades econômicas, inclusive da agricultura. Neste texto será analisada a obra De re rustica de Columela como uma proposta de racionalização “taylorista” do trabalho em uma villa romana do século I a.C., marcada por processos de padronização e de organização do sistema produtivo rural.
A “Constituição dos Atenienses” de Pseudo-Xenofonte
Authors: Marino Silvio
Published: January 2020

A Constituição dos Atenienses é uma pequena obra acerca da politeia de Atenas e das condições que permitem que a democracia permaneça em Atenas como forma de gerenciar a vida da polis. Esta obra representa um problema filológico e historiográfico, porque, embora esteja no corpus das obras de Xenofonte, ela é considerada obra de outro autor, conhecido como Pseudo-Xenofonte ou “Velho Oligarca”. Trata-se de um pamphlet de orientação oligárquica que apresenta Atenas como um mundo ao contrário, em que os piores comandam e os melhores são como escravizados pela multidão ignorante.
Ein Relief mit der Geißelung Christi im Kulturhistorischen Museum Stralsund und einige Bemerkungen zu einer niederländischen Werkgruppe aus der ersten Hälfte des 15. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Knüvener Peter
Published: January 2020

Ein Relief mit der Geißelung Christi im Kulturhistorischen Museum Stralsund und einige Bemerkungen zu einer niederländischen Werkgruppe aus der ersten Hälfte des 15. Jahrhunderts

The collection of the Stralsund Kulturhistorisches Museum contains a hitherto almost undocumented carved relief of the Flagellation of Christ. Its style suggests that it belongs to a group of widely disseminated works of Flemish origin. For example, similar stylistic details can be observed in the retables of the Capela da Santo Antão da Faniqueira in Portugal, and the Aegidienkirche, now in the St. Annen-Museum, Lübeck. This article will argue that the carvings of the Heiligenthaler altarpiece in the church of St. Nikolai in Lüneburg, traditionally held to be locally produced work, should also be reattributed to this group of works. Consequently, the attribution of a further relief illustrating the Temptation of Christ in the collection of the Liebieghaus Museum (Frankfurt a. M.), also currently regarded as having originated in Lüneburg, should be reconsidered in light of this new classification.
Die Renaissance des Epos im romantischen Fresko
Authors: Grewe Cordula
Published: January 2020

If the nineteenth century is correctly seen as an age when a new and acute historical awareness reshaped the cultural sensibility, then it is no small irony that in the age of history, history painting was in crisis. One reaction to this crisis is the subject of this paper. Focusing on one of the Nazarenes’ most enchanting fresco projects, the decoration of the Casino Massimo in Rome after major epics by Dante, Tasso, and Ariosto, it traces the reworking and redefinition of history in painting by the German Nazarenes. In so doing, it examines the transformation of history painting into symbolic representation, and maps out the narrative structures, aesthetic strategies, and amalgamation of temporalities that carried this process and were produced in the process.
Neue Identitäten – neue Genealogien: Jacques-Louis Davids künstlerische Selbstdarstellung nach dem 9. Thermidor 1794
Authors: Tauber Christine
Published: January 2020

How and to what extent did the collapse of the Terreur affect the self-stylizations of Jacques-Louis David? Which strategies of artistic self-representation and self-legitimization did he use after 9 Thermidor 1794 and the preceding “patricide” of King Louis XVI, and did they undergo a similarly fundamental change as France’s political culture of the time? To discuss these questions, the article draws upon written “ego-documents” as well as paintings by David, including his famous self-portrait of 1794, which he painted while in prison. The article investigates David’s self-stylizations as autonomous, fatherless artist, and how he compensated for the loss of his father by constructing a new genealogy: claiming for himself the role of the père de l’école davidienne, with his disciples figuring as his “sons” in aestheticis – a model already underlying his Socrates of 1787. David’s aesthetic concept of the pre-Revolution period is outlined by referring to the Horatii (1784) and Brutus (1789). As can be shown, the Republican ideal manifest in both works will much later reoccur in the Léonidas (1799 – 1814), this time to show the failure of a moderate republicanism under the conditions of Napoleonic imperialism.
»Gott segne Kupfer« Goethes Kunstbeschreibungen im Zeitalter der semitechnischen Reproduzierbarkeit
Authors: Pirholt Mattias
Published: January 2020

This study investigates how the experience of reproductions – drawings, copperplate engravings, woodcuts, lithography, plaster casts, and so forth – influenced Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s conception of art in general and his descriptions of art (e.g., ekphrases, reviews, and autobiographical accounts) in particular. Well acquainted with the technologies of reproduction of his time, Goethe, often in collaboration with Johann Heinrich Meyer, acknowledged the crucial role of reproductions for the understanding of the productive idea of the original work. Experiences of reproductions and comparisons between copies, drafts, and the original enabled Goethe to grasp the idea as an ever-transforming productive constant of the continuous process of becoming of the work.
Ornament und Abstraktion: die »Arabeske als Triebfeder der Moderne«?
Authors: Prange Regine
Published: January 2020

Contrary to the current discourse on world art, which revives the notion of the ornament as a global artistic phenomenon that transgresses cultures and connects tradition and modernity, this article will elaborate how this concept actually follows a modernist ideology, which evades the crisis of a specifically Western art term in order to reconcile abstraction and representation. The recourse to artisanal procedures of jewelry making motivated an aesthetics of process, within which social practice and its depiction seemed to be unified. Semper’s consequential idea of the ornament as a symbol of art entered exemplary artist theories of the twentieth century. This mythology of the ornament is, however, to be differentiated from the ornament-critical materiality of the paintings of Mondrian, Pollock, and Warhol, which simultaneously nourish a radically iconoclastic impulse, questioning the claim of totality of the classic panel painting by negating the identity of line and surface, figure, and ground.
‹ Rococo › : du jargon à la catégorie de style
Authors: Martin Marie-Pauline
Published: January 2020

Today there is a consensus on the definition of the term ‘rococo’: it designates a style both particular and homogeneous, artistically related to the reigns of Louis XV and Louis XVI. But we must not forget that in its primitive formulations, the rococo has no objective existence. As a witty, sneering, and impertinent word, it can adapt itself to the most varied discourses and needs, far beyond references to the eighteenth century. Its malleability guarantees its sparkling success in different languages, but also its highly contradictory uses. By tracing the genealogy of the word ‘rococo’, this article will show that the association of the term with the century of Louis XV is a form of historical discrimination that still prevails widely in the history of the art of the Enlightenment.
« This new-born word is rococo » Généalogie et fortune du rococo aux États-Unis
Authors: Tornier Etienne
Published: January 2020

This article deals with the use of the term ‘rococo’ in the English language and more specifically in the United States, where it is today used to describe both the style of eighteenth-century cabinetmakers, and American mid-nineteenth-century furniture. Yet, the term was not favored by furniture makers and dealers before the end of the nineteenth century. Offering a precise analysis of the roots of the term in the United States, this article sheds light on its semantic evolution since the 1830s, through a variety of sources including newspapers, art journals, and ephemera, and in relation with the fluctuating taste of middle- and upper-class American households throughout the nineteenth century.
Spiegelschau im Garten Eden Amico Aspertinis Genesis-Stich
Authors: Saß Maurice
Published: January 2020

This paper focuses on Amico Aspertini’s engraving Genesis Scene with Fall, Expulsion, Adam and Eve after the Fall, and Abel’s Sacrifice, a complex allegory that places a self-mirroring man in the middle of the events. The aim of the article is to highlight the general importance of the mirror motif in representations of the biblical story of Eden. On the one hand, the seduction of Eve was understood as a visual event and as an act of artful illusion. On the other hand, envy (invidia) or, alternatively, pride (superbia) was considered to be the reason for the original sin. And either personification had a mirror as its main attribute. Aspertini’s engraving takes up this understanding of the fall to show that his own art and more generally all figurative imitations thrive on the productive tension between diabolic allurement and divine vision.
›Beziehungskästchen‹. Die Übersetzung europäischer Bildvorlagen am singhalesischen Elfenbeinkästchen des Berliner Museums für Asiatische Kunst
Authors: Saviello Alberto
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the use of images from two Parisian books of hours on a Sinhalese ivory casket of the sixteenth century, which today is kept at the Museum für Asiatische Kunst in Berlin. Comparing the Berlin casket to a group of similar Sinhalese ivory boxes, the article argues for its being a gift of the declining Sinhalese dynasty of Kōṭṭe that was made for the Portuguese house of Aviz. Furthermore, the analysis of the alterations and recombination of the European models in this context allows a better understanding of the box as a product of cross-cultural negotiation. Merging both European and Sinhalese artistic traditions, the casket presents a creative expression of a Sinhalese-Christian identity that, while being in the process of forming itself, also addresses the contradictions between missionary promises of salvation and colonial violence.
Community-Based Measurement of Body Composition in Hispanic Women: Concurrent Validity of Dual- and Single-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance
Authors: Szeszulski Jacob , Lorenzo Elizabeth , Arriola Anel , Lee Rebecca E.
Published: January 2020

Szeszulski, J, Lorenzo, E, Arriola, A, and Lee, RE. Community-based measurement of body composition in hispanic women: concurrent validity of dual- and single-frequency bioelectrical impedance. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 577–584, 2022—We examined the concurrent validity of single-frequency (SF) and dual-frequency (DF) bioelectrical impedance (BIA) scales among Hispanic women participating in a community-based health promotion program in Arizona. Hispanic women (N = 14), age 31.9 ± 6.5 years old, with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 31.1 ± 8.1 kg·m−2, were measured using SF BIA, DF BIA, BMI, and skinfold calipers in 2017. Intrarater reliability and concurrent validity were calculated. Bland-Altman plots examined agreement of each BIA measure within measurement tools, between tools, and with skinfold calipers. Scatter plots were used to examine agreement between BIAs and BMI. Short-term intrarater reliability was perfect within measurements for SF and DF BIAs (α = 1.0). The coefficient of variation within a measurement tool (CV%) was slightly smaller for DF BIA (0.2%; n = 13) than for SF BIA (0.3%; n = 14). Concurrent validity measures revealed that DF (M = 39.3 ± 7.3% fat; within sample CV% = 18.6; n = 14) and SF (M = 39.4 ± 7.5% body fat; within sample CV% = 19.0; n = 14) BIAs were highly correlated (Pearson r = 0.885; p < 0.001; n = 14) and had an absolute mean difference of −0.2 ± 3.5% fat (range 0.7–6.0% fat; n = 14). The CV% between BIA measures was 5.4%. Dual-frequency and SF BIAs were both strongly correlated with BMI and skinfolds. There was evidence of bias between skinfolds and both BIA measures. Strength and conditioning practitioners should feel confident in using either SF or DF BIA measures with Hispanic women who participate in training interventions in community-based settings, because they offer similar measurement value.
Québec est ses dilemmes urbanistiques : les enseignements du terrain et des débats médiatiques
Authors: Simard Martin
Published: January 2020

Les villes d’une certaine taille sont constamment interpellées par des enjeux ou projets urbanistiquesde différentes natures et dimensions. Québec vit actuellement une période de croissance, et plusieursdilemmes urbains se présentent simultanément dans la sphère publique et se télescopent, dans une certainemesure. Ces dilemmes se démarquent par la taille des projets et des investissements requis ainsi que par l’ampleur des effets pressentis. Les délibérations sur ces dilemmes sont intéressantes dans le sens où elles fontressortir différentes questions théoriques dans le champ de l’urbanisme. Nous traiterons donc de ces interrogations à l’aide d’une revue de presse sur les trois dilemmes identifiés, de quelques traitements statistiques et cartographiques ainsi que d’un retour sur les principes fondamentaux du champ de l’urbanisme qui sont mis à l’épreuve sur le terrain.
Géographie de la nouvelle économie montréalaise en 2016, 29 selon les variables du genre et de l’appartenance ethnolinguistique
Authors: Paré Sylvie , Thérasmé Kelogue
Published: January 2020

Depuis la fin des années 1980, environ 90 % des PME du Québec oeuvrant dans les secteursd’activité traditionnels ont introduit de nouvelles technologies dans la gestion de leurs opérations et dans leursmodes de production. Une mutation s’est amorcée vers une économie du savoir dans la région métropolitainede recensement (RMR) de Montréal ainsi que dans l’ensemble du Québec. Le présent article s’intéresse à cestransformations tant organisationnelles que territoriales en tenant compte des variables du genre et de l’appartenance ethnolinguistique. C’est à partir de la Base de données commerciale des Répertoires Scott’s de 2016 que nous examinons les changements survenus chez les propriétaires et gestionnaires d’entreprises depuis une dizaine d’années dans la RMR de Montréal. Les données montrent que, près de 10 plus tard, les différences persistent entre hommes et femmes en entrepreneuriat, soit la stagnation de la place des femmes entrepreneures dans la nouvelle économie. Les données montrent aussi que l’économie montréalaise est axée de plus en plus vers la nouvelle économie dans les divers groupes ethnolinguistiques.
Retour vers le futur de l’échange marchand
Authors: Ertz Myriam , Hallegate Damien , Bousquet Julien
Published: January 2020

Cet article vise à présenter les contributions majeures de l’ouvrage collectif intitulé Les reconfigurationsde l’échange marchand : Tour d’horizon, enjeux et perspectives, publié aux Presses universitaires du Québec etdirigé par les professeurs Myriam Ertz, Julien Bousquet et Damien Hallegatte. D’après l’ensemble des collaborateurs de cet ouvrage, l’échange marchand est en mutation profonde. Cette métamorphose a résulté en quatre grandes évolutions : une conceptualisation revue de l’échange marchand, l’émergence de devisesd’échanges alternatives, la réactualisation du produit aux coeur d’échange reconfigurés, et la quête de sens dans la consommation. Si les causes de ces évolutions sont assez difficiles à isoler de manière précise, il n’endemeure pas moins que cette modification en profondeur de la manière dont fonctionne le marché résulte dela convergence de trois tendances lourdes : les évolutions technologiques, les évolutions socioculturelles, et lescontraintes économico-financières. Cet article résume ainsi les domaines de changement ainsi que les causesde changement tel qu’identifié par les auteurs de l’ouvrage collectif.
ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНО-МАНІПУЛЯЦІЙНА ПРИРОДА НЕОРУСИНСЬКОГО РУХУ
Authors: Ґрещук Василь
Published: January 2020

Рецензія
МОВНА КАРТИНА СВІТУ ГУЦУЛІВ КРІЗЬ ПРИЗМУ ХУДОЖНЬОГО ТЕКСТУ. ГОРА
Authors: ҐРЕЩУК Василь
Published: January 2020

У статті проаналізовано мовну картину світу гуцулів у сегменті поняттягора, представлену українською художньою мовою. Гуцульську мовну картинусвіту репрезентують одиниці гуцульського говору, передовсім номінативні. В літературних текстах, з огляду на художнє осмислення світу гуцулів, здійснюється його моделювання. Мовна картина світу гуцулів постає крізь призму художньої мови, що є окремим об’єктом лінгвістичних студій. Як засвідчив аналізконкретного матеріалу, гуцульська мовна картина в сегменті поняття горавідрізняється від аналогічного сегмента поза ареалом гуцульського говору. Длягорянина, попри те, що він теж послуговується загальнонаціональним найменуванням гора, у гуцульському говорі функціонує ще низка слів на позначення гори,зокрема ґрунь, кичера, китиця, маґура, малява, голиця, ґоргани. Цим забезпечується значно детальніше лексико-семантичне категоризування навколишньоїдійсності, фіксування номінативними засобами ознак, значущих для життєдіяльності горян, але індиферентних для пересічного українця з рівнинної частиниУкраїни. Крім того, гуцульська картина світу в українській художній мові збагачена низкою образних компонентів, зумовлених використанням аналізованихдіалектизмів в художніх компаративних сполуках, в поетичних метафорах.