bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of Monetary Circulation in the Concentration camps of the Third Reich in Northern Germany: Neuengamme, Sachsenhausen, Ravensbrück
Authors:   Financial University Under the Government of Russian Federation, Anatoly S. Kislyakov , Vladimir V. Eremin ,   Financial University Under the Government of Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

This article addresses the issues of monetary circulation in concentration camps during the entirety of the Nazi dictatorship in Germany (January 1933 – April 1945). Throughout this period, concentration camps were estab-lished both within and outside the state’s borders, serving to detain individuals deemed undesirable by the Reich, racially impure, and, with the onset of the large-scale war, military prisoners as well. The authors exam-ine the financial aspects of the Nazi camp system, highlighting issues such as currency replacement, the intri-cacies of currency production, the visual characteristics of monetary notes, and the methods of their acquisition and implementation. The primary focus is on three concentration camps located in northern Germany: Sach-senhausen, Neuengamme, and Ravensbrück. The article is founded upon universally recognized principles in historical scholarship, specifically objectivity and historicism, with a comparative method being employed as the primary approach. The analysis draws on secondary data and historical sources to elucidate the nuances of monetary practices in these camps. In investigating these financial practices, the authors aim to contribute to the broader discourse on the economic dimensions of the Nazi concentration camp system, providing insights into how monetary circulation functioned as a tool of oppression, as well as a means of survival for detainees in a highly controlled and coercive environment.
Balancing Ethics and Innovation in Artificial Intelligence
Authors:   National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Oleg Ye. Backsanskiy , Svetlana G. Sorokina ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University  of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)
Published: January 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming various facets of human activity, ranging from decision-making to communication, while simultaneously engendering complex ethical challenges. This article examines the critical ethical principles of AI – beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, justice, and explainability – and ana-lyzes how modern AI technologies align with these principles. Particular attention is given to algorithmic bias, the Black Box Problem, and accountability in AI systems. Algorithmic bias is explored through practical testing of AI models, specifically OpenAI’s generative systems. The study tasked the models with generating images based on prompts such as “school teacher” and “university professor”. The outputs revealed entrenched gender and age stereotypes. Further tests involving prompts for “female” and “male” professions demonstrated similar biases, with outputs reflecting cultural and demographic limitations in the training data. These examples high-light the pressing need for representative datasets and rigorous validation processes to mitigate bias in AI sys-tems.
The Projective Nature of Utopia and its Unfalsifiability
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Alexandra M. Zhelnova
Published: January 2025

The article examines various analytical approaches to utopias in their implicit connection to the principles of rationalism and their overtly projective character. Utopias construct an image of a blessed place where a cer-tain ideal of the common good has been achieved. However, there exists an ontological and epistemological contradiction, evident in the fact that the term “a place that does not exist” refers to a rational project that should be implemented. This yields a circular reasoning, where utopia, being by definition something irrational, utilizes the image of an ideal society and the aspiration toward it to seek for ways to create it. The pathways to the reali-zation of utopia can be delineated in a fully logical and purposeful manner. This creates a problem for the criti-cal detection of utopias, since they and the ways of their implementation can be rationally justified. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that the projective nature of utopia, coupled with its argumentation towards rational natural history, has repeatedly led to attempts to resolve the “social question” once and for all.
Historiography of Government Custody for Teachers (On the Example of the Ufa Province of 1865‒1917)
Authors:   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Svetlana D. Galiullina , Georgy A. Makarov ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University
Published: January 2025

The study is devoted to the historiography of the problem of government custody for teachers in Ufa province (1865‒1917), it covers the analysis of approaches of the pre-revolutionary, Soviet and post-Soviet periods. Par-ticular attention is given to the works of pre-revolutionary scholars such as K.D. Ushinsky, S.V. Rozhdestvensky, and N.I. Pirogov, as well as Soviet and modern researchers who have examined educational reforms and the organization of school districts. A special place is occupied by the study of the role of trustees, whose activities contributed to the creation of conditions for the professional growth of teachers, improving their social status and ensuring a favorable educational environment. The work identifies key trends, gaps and contradictions in the study of the topic, emphasizing the importance of government guardianship in strengthening the educa-tional system, improving the quality of teacher training and the implementation of state educational policy.
Facial profile analysis by photometry among elementary school students: an observational analytic study
Authors: Putri Taghna Zahradena Shafira , Sulistiyani Sulistiyani , Setyorini Dyah , Prihatiningrum Berlian , Probosari Niken , Sukanto Sukanto , Rahardjo Roedy Budi , Novita Masniari , Anthony Osunwoke Emeka
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The facial profile refers to the anteroposterior relationship visible from the lateral view of the face. There are three types of the facial profile: straight, convex, and concave. Photometry is a reliable, simple and accurate methods for determining the facial profile. Facial profile can be influenced by various factors, such as genetics, gender, age, and environment. This study aims to analyze the differences in facial profiles between male and female elementary school students. Methods: an observational analytic with a cross-sectional design. The subjects were elementary school students in Jember Regency, aged 6-12 years. A of 141 children participated in the study, consisting of 76 males and 65 females. Data analysis included Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, the Levene test for homogeneity, and an independent parametric t-Test to compare the facial profiles of males and females. Results: The average facial profile angle among elementary school students shows a straight facial profile. The average angle for females was 157.71º, which was slightly greater than that of males. However, there was no significant difference between male and female facial profiles. Similarly, no significant difference observed between the facial profiles of students aged 6-9 years old and those aged 10-12 years old. Conclusion: Elementary school students predominantly exhibit straight facial profiles, with this profile being more common among males.
The colour stability of nanofilled composite resin after immersion in pomegranate juice: a laboratory experimental study
Authors: Widyastuti Wiena , Gabriela Maria , Zulkifly Dinie Qurratuaini
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Composite resin is highly valued for its aesthetic appeal, as its colour closely resembles that of natural teeth. Nanofilled composite resins, in particular, offer impressive colour stability. However, restorative materials can undergo colour changes due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. One such extrinsic factor is fruit pigments, like those found in pomegranates. This study aims to analyze the colour stability of nanofilled composite resin after immersion in pomegranate juice. Methods: This laboratory experiment utilized a pre-test and post-test control group design. A total sample of forty nanofilled composite resins (Filtek Z350 XT), each with a diameter of 10 mm and a thickness of 2 mm, was divided into four groups. Each sample in the two treatment groups was immersed in 10 mL of commercial pomegranate juice for one day and seven days, respectively. Meanwhile, each sample in the two control groups was immersed in 10 mL of distilled water for the same duration. Colour measurements were carried out before and after immersion using a spectrophotometer. The data were statistically analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test to assess distribution. For normally distributed data, a one-way ANOVA was conducted, followed by the Tukey HSD post-hoc test for significant differences. For non-normally distributed data, the Kruskal-Wallis test was applied, followed by the Mann-Whitney post-hoc test if significant differences were observed. Results: The one-way ANOVA test for the L parameter yielded a p-value of 0.067 (p>0.05), indicating no significant changes after immersion in both pomegranate juice and distilled water. The Kruskal-Wallis test yielded p-values of 0.000 for E, 0.001 for C, and 0.000 for H (p<0.05), demonstrating substantial differences after immersion in both pomegranate juice and distilled water. Conclusion: The nanofilled composite resin exhibited minimal discolouration after immersion in pomegranate juice, as evidenced by changes in E, C, and H. No significant change was observed in L.
Planeación estratégica como herramienta en la gestión hospitalaria: el caso del Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre
Authors:   , Soto Mecalco César Iván
Published: January 2025

Existen retos importantes para las administraciones de los nosocomios en México. Las situaciones son cada vez más desafiantes y demandan la aplicación de procesos de una gestión moderna orientada a la obtención de resultados. El objetivo de hacer uso de la Planeación Estratégica, es construir un puente entre la situación en que está el Centro Médico 20 de Noviembre y su situación futura. A través de ésta, se pretende identificar una ruta adecuada para mejorar y prepararlo de cara al futuro, adhiriéndole una ventaja competitiva de largo plazo, considerando el contexto interno y externo. El objetivo general de este trabajo es realizar un análisis estratégico general del Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre” y sugerir alternativas estratégicas para la planeación del nosocomio. Los objetivos específicos serían los siguientes: Analizar los elementos de la planeación estratégica y la forma en que se proponen alternativas generales para el Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre” y sugerir alternativas estratégicas en el Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”. El trabajo se estructura en tres capítulos: el primero, es sobre Planeación Estratégica; el segundo, muestra la gestión hospitalaria; finalmente el tercero, es la aplicación de la planeación estratégica en un nosocomio público.
Criticality disaster risk assessment for urban rail transport in Indonesia
Authors: Kusuma Andyka , Karina Karina , Anggraheni Evi , Pratama Mochamad Adhiraga
Published: January 2025

The increasing frequency of extreme weather events due to climate change poses significant risks to urban rail systems, especially in disaster-prone regions like Indonesia. Urban railways, with limited rerouting options, are highly vulnerable to natural disasters such as floods, landslides, and earthquakes. These disruptions can cause cascading economic impacts, including infrastructure damage, productivity loss, and prolonged travel times. This study develops a methodological framework to assess disaster risk and climate vulnerability in urban rail systems, with Bandung, Indonesia, as the case study. The framework integrates Climate Vulnerability and Risk Assessment (CVRA) with the Movement and Place (M&P) framework, leveraging Geographic Information System (GIS) technology to identify and prioritize high-risk areas. CVRA evaluates hazards, exposure, and vulnerabilities, while M&P assesses the functional significance of transport nodes based on movement patterns and land use density. The combined analysis produces a risk matrix, enabling targeted mitigation strategies that integrate engineering solutions, urban planning, and policy interventions. Findings highlight critical vulnerabilities in Bandung’s proposed LRT system, particularly at stations susceptible to earthquakes and landslides. Recommended mitigation measures include resilient infrastructure designs, strategic planning for high-risk zones, and stakeholder engagement for prioritization. This framework offers practical guidance for policymakers to enhance urban rail resilience, reduce climate-related risks, and ensure sustainable urban mobility. It serves as a scalable model for other cities in Indonesia and globally, supporting adaptive and sustainable transport systems.
Disposition of enrofloxacin in plasma, pulmonary epithelial lining fluid, peritoneal fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid of healthy mares
Authors: Larson Molly A. , Credille Brent C. , Berghaus Londa J. , Papich Mark G. , Beasley Erin M.
Published: January 2025

Objective

To investigate the disposition of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite, ciprofloxacin, in plasma, pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF), peritoneal fluid, and CSF in horses following IV administration of enrofloxacin at doses of 5 mg/kg and 7.5 mg/kg of body weight.

Methods

6 healthy, mature mares were randomly assigned to receive a single dose of enrofloxacin at either 5 mg/kg or 7.5 mg/kg in a crossover design with a washout period of 10 days. Concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were determined in plasma, PELF, peritoneal fluid, and CSF.

Results

Both doses of enrofloxacin were generally well tolerated. One horse developed focal, self-limiting limb edema. The median maximum concentration extrapolated to time 0 and area under the plasma concentration-versus-time curve from time 0 to the last quantifiable time point (24 hours) for enrofloxacin in plasma were significantly greater when horses were given enrofloxacin at 7.5 mg/kg. Similarly, the median elimination rate constant, half-life of the terminal phase, peak serum concentration (Cmax), area under the plasma concentration-versus-time curve from time 0 to the last quantifiable time point (24 hours), area under the plasma concentration-versus-time curve extrapolated to infinity, and mean residence time for ciprofloxacin in plasma were significantly greater following administration of enrofloxacin at 7.5 mg/kg. There were no significant differences between doses in any of the measured pharmacokinetic variables in PELF.

Conclusions

There was no apparent pharmacokinetic advantage of enrofloxacin at the 7.5-mg/kg dose for susceptible isolates; however, this dose achieved higher concentrations and prolonged persistence in fluid matrices. Further studies are required to evaluate repeated administration at this dose for tolerability and clinical efficacy.

Clinical Relevance

Despite the wide use of enrofloxacin in horses, pharmacokinetic data is limited. This study provides pharmacokinetic data that can be used in a clinical setting.
Exposed digits increase weight bearing and alter sub-bandage pressures in dogs with forelimb splints
Authors: Stark Sarah J. , Meester Y. Lucia , Evans Richard , Gordon-Evans Wanda
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study was to evaluate the difference in weight bearing in a toes-in splint versus a toes-out forelimb splint and to determine the difference in sub-bandage pressures between the groups. We hypothesized that (1) weight bearing would not be different between the 2 splints and that (2) sub-bandage pressures would be distributed higher on the distal digits in the toes-out splint and pressures would be more evenly distributed across the paw in the toes-in splint.

METHODS

In this controlled crossover trial, a random forelimb of 10 healthy dogs was bandaged with a splint that left the digits exposed and again with a splint that encompassed the digits. The ground reaction forces and the difference in sub-bandage pressures between 2 sensor sections were compared between the toes-in and toes-out bandages.

RESULTS

The mean (SD) of peak vertical force was 26.76% (11.86%) for the toes-in bandage and 49.85% (9.21%) for the toes-out bandage. The mean (SD) sub-bandage pressure differences between sections were –121.28 (138.28) mm Hg and 130.32 (116.40) for toes-in and toes-out bandages, respectively (P = .001). This remained significant even after weight bearing was removed as a factor (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS

Leaving the distal aspect of digits 3 and 4 exposed by a splint results in better weight bearing, but also creates a sub-bandage pressure increase on the toes relative to the rest of the paw.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

These results suggest that splint placement should be adjusted based on the needs of each patient.
Harmonisasi Lembaga Hukum Nasional dan Adat dalam Mengatasi Perkawinan Bawah Umur di Kabupaten Lingga
Authors: Tan Winsherly , Jaya Febri , Agustianto Agustianto
Published: January 2025

Marriage is everyone's right. However, the phenomenon that occurs is the practice of underage marriage, this also occurs in the indigenous community of the Orang Laut tribe in Lingga Regency. The aim of this research is to analyze the regulation of national law and customary law in dealing with underage marriage in the Orang Laut tribal community and to find a concept of legal harmonization that can resolve the practice of underage marriage. The research method used is empirical juridical. The type of data sourced from primary data is through observation and interviews as well as primary data. The basic theories used are the Theory of Legal Work and the Theory of Development Law. The results of the research state that there is a regulatory inconsistency between marriage law and child protection law. The marriage law allows for underage marriages by applying for dispensation, while Article 26 of the child protection law strictly stipulates that parents are obliged to prevent child marriages from occurring. And there is a culture of "reciprocation" which is the basis for the Sea People tribe to perpetuate the practice of underage marriage. In fact, marriages are only carried out through traditional ceremonies and according to their respective religions without applying for dispensation to the court. This means that the marriage carried out is only valid according to custom and religion and is not legally valid. Therefore, it is necessary to harmonize the law with an institutional approach in overcoming the phenomenon of underage marriage in the indigenous people of the Orang Laut tribe, Lingga Regency.
Wage System for Workers in The Confectionery Company
Authors: Wiryawan I Wayan Gde , Apriliani Kadek
Published: January 2025

A decent living is a standard requirement for an employee or single worker to live physically well within a month. To fulfill this, the government has established regulations so that the wages earned by workers can meet their basic living needs. This study discusses the wage system in Indonesia, as well as the Wage System for Workers at PT Wedanata Industri Nusantara in Badung, Bali. The methodology used is an empirical juridical research methodology, approaching facts occurring in the field related to the legal issues examined. The aim of this research is to understand the implementation of wage regulations in conversion companies. It can be concluded that Indonesia has regulations governing wages and wage systems.
Pemanfaatan Artificial Intelligence dalam Deteksi dan Pencegahan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang: Potensi dan Tantangan Hukum?
Authors: Febriyani Emiliya , Syarief Elza , Seroja Triana Dewi
Published: January 2025

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the leading technologies that has begun to attract attention in the financial sector across various regions worldwide, including Southeast Asia. One potential application of AI is its ability to automatically detect specific data or situations within an electronic system, which can be utilized to identify money laundering activities. However, this cutting-edge technology may also result in certain unintended legal implications. The purpose of this study is to explore the potential and legal challenges in utilizing AI for the detection and prevention of money laundering. This research employs a normative legal research method to examine the legal implications of AI utilization in efforts to prevent and combat money laundering. The analysis reveals that significant normative issues persist regarding the legal certainty of AI applications in general, which poses complex challenges when coupled with specific legal implications, such as consumer protection and the safeguarding of privacy and data rights. This study proposes a legal development model that emphasizes balancing the efforts to prevent and combat money laundering with the rights of financial service users to maintain the integrity of the financial system.
Pertanggungjawaban Tindakan Aborsi yang Dilakukan Pelaku : Perspektif Hukum Kesehatan
Authors: Surya Paramitha Sagung Dinda , Purwani Sagung Putri M. E
Published: January 2025

The purpose of writing this scientific article is as a material to deepen insight related to the perspective of criminal law and health law regarding the act of abortion and how the form of liability of the perpetrator who performs the act of abortion based on juridical perspective. Abortion is an act of miscarriage of the unwanted / unwanted pregnancy that is done intentionally and is an event that occurs as a result of a human action with his efforts so that a pregnancy can be aborted. When reviewing abortion in terms of the Criminal Code, there is no room for such actions. However, when looking at the Health Law (Law No. 36 of 2009 generally prohibits abortion, but there are special provisions that become exceptions so that abortion can be done. In this case there is a misalignment between the two regulations.
Double materiality or how to transcend the matrix of material topics when reporting on sustainable development
Authors: SOLOVEI Tat'yana N. , TEPLOVA Ol'ga A.
Published: January 2025

Subject. This article discusses the non-financial reporting of Russian companies, international and national standards and initiatives in the field of sustainable development.
Objectives. The article aims to analyze the distinctive features of approaches to determining material topics in the formation of sustainability reporting, as well as identify the approach used by representatives of Russian companies in the for­mation of non-financial reporting at present.
Methods. For the study, we used analysis and synthesis, comparison, and generalization.
Results. Based on consideration of the evolution of approaches to determining materiality in the formation of sustainability reporting, the article substantiates the priority of the Double Materiality approach, which is gradually replacing the approach of determining the Materiality of Impacts, summarizes the steps to select material topics, and identifies the characteristic features of the formation of sustainability reports by Russian companies in terms of stakeholder engagement and identification of material topics.
Conclusions and Relevance. In recent years, international and national standards and initiatives in the field of sustainable development contain recommen­dations on the application of the Double Materiality approach, which in turn implies not only the assessment of Impact Materiality, but the assessment of Financial Materiality as well. At the moment, Russian companies mainly apply the approach to determining material topics based on the assessment of the company's impact on the economy, environment and society, while the disclosure of information on the consideration of stakeholder opinions is formal. The findings suggest that most Russian companies are in the process of revising their approach to determining material topics, which implies a step-by-step review of this process engaging stakeholders. The results obtained can be used by experts in the field of sustainable development and representatives of companies when preparing recommendations for assessing materiality in the formation of non-financial reporting.
PERAN PENGASUHAN AYAH TERHADAP KEMANDIRIAN ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Syafrina Rizqi , Andini Nadya
Published: January 2025

Orangtua saat pandemi Covid 19 ini memiliki peran penting dalam memaksimalkan aspek perkembangan anak usia dini. Dimana saat sebelum pandemi terjadi anak yang bersekolah ada pendampingan guru di sekolah, namun saat ini anak usia dini didampingi sepenuhnya oleh orang tua. Kemandirian anak usia dini berawal dari keluarga, dimana anak akan diajarkan oleh orang tua untuk menjadi pribadi yang mandiri dan siap terjun ke masyarakat. Hal ini sesuai dengan pendapat Hurlock (1999) dimana keluarga merupakan Pendidikan utama bagi anak. Anak dilatih sejak usia dini untuk mampu berkembang secara maksimal sesuai dengan usianya. Selama pandemi terjadi anak usia dini lebih banyak melakukan aktivitas di rumah dan banyak orangtua yang mulai mengeluhkan saat anak mereka tidak bersekolah pola kemandirian anak juga ikut berubah. Berdasarkan keterangan dari orangtua, orangtua mengatakan jika anak lebih banyak minta dibantu oleh orangtua, seperti ke kamar mandi, mengenakan pakaian, makan, dan merapikan mainan yang dimainkan. Selain itu orangtua juga mengatakan anak mereka ada yang bangun lebih siang selama tidak bersekolah. Anak dilatih sejak usia dini untuk mampu berkembang secara maksimal sesuai dengan usianya. Saat berjalannya waktu, orangtua yang dulunya bekerja dari rumah mulai kembali bekerja normal dan tidak lagi bekerja dari rumah, sehingga orangtua mulai kesulitan dalam mendampingi proses belajar kemandirian anak dirumah. Terutama untuk peran pengasuhan ayah, ayah sebagai pencari nafkah utama akan lebih banyak bekerja di luar rumah. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui peran pengasuhan ayah terhadap kemandirian anak usia dini. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Teknik statistik yang digunakan untuk menguji penelitian korelasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hipotesis â€œada peran pengasuhan ayah terhadap kemandirian anak usia diniâ€ diterima. Nilai F hitung sebesar 4,300 dengan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 0,045 dimana p < 0,05. Hal ini menunjukkan peran pengasuhan ayah memiliki pengaruh terhadap kemandirian anak usia dini.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PONDASI UNTUK KEMAMPUAN PROBLEM SOLVING ANAK KELOMPOK B DI TKM NU 12 AZ- ZAHRA PANDANSARILOR JABUNG KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Anggraini Novita , Asmah Ayu
Published: January 2025

This research is motivated by the problem solving abilities of group B children at TKM NU 12 Az-Zahra Pandansarilor Jabung Malang Regency, whose teaching and learning activities are still dominated by the use of learning media in magazines, notebooks and blackboards. So we need media that can stimulate this ability, therefore a learning media is developed which is named pondok cerdas inspirasi (PONDASI). The purpose of this development research is develop an appropriate PONDASI  media for the problem solving abilities of group B children at TKM NU 12 Az-Zahra Pandansarilor Jabung, Malang Regency. The development model used in this study is R&D. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, questionnaires and documentation. Based on the results of the research that has been done, this research produce a PONDASI media with the results of the validation of media experts get a percentage of 95% and material experts 97%. The results of the trial of PONDASI â€‹â€‹media activities on children obtained 82% results for 8 students and the operational field trials obtained 90% results for 15 students, all of which were categorized as "very feasible". These results can be concluded that the development of PONDASI media is very feasible and very well used for children's problem solving abilities. PONDASI  media is very good for children when they are already doing these activities where they can practice independence, able to solve simple problems and think logically. This research can be used as input and consideration for teachers in stimulating children's problem solving abilities and for other researchers, it can be used as further research on PONDASI media for other aspects of development.
The perception and attitude of clinical years medical students and interns towards choosing anesthesiology as a future specialty
Authors: Babiker Yasir , Safhi Abdulrahman , Matari Mohammed , Alasiri Mohand , Shaker Shahad , Alawi Yahya , Suwaid Osama , Zaylaee Mohsen , Asiri Almutasim , Hakami Ghalia
Published: January 2025

Objective:
The study aimed to assess attitude and factors influencing anesthesia as a career.
Methods:
It was a cross-sectional design conducted in Saudi Arabia. Data was collected via an electronic survey from clinical-year medical students and interns in Saudi Arabia. Convenience sampling was employed.
Results:
This study involved 400 participants, with 193 females (48.3%). Most were interim doctors (39.3%), followed by 6th-year (31.5%) medical students. Interest in anesthesia was expressed by 160 participants (40.0%). Notably, 176 (44.0%) were considering anesthesiology as a future career. Financial income (34.5%) was the top motivator for choosing anesthesia, followed by case variety (17.8%). Deterrents included stress (29.8%) and lengthy training (12.3%), with 47.5% citing other interests as a primary reason for not pursuing anesthesia. A significantly higher proportion of interns participated in elective anesthesia rotations as compared to clinical medical students (69.2% vs. 30.8%; p < 0.001). The most significant predictor of choosing anesthesia was an expressed interest in residency, with an odds ratio of 39.648 for clinical students (p < 0.001) and 261.433 for interns (p < 0.001).
Conclusion:
This study highlighted several factors influencing anesthesia as a career choice, with financial incentives and residency interest as strong predictors. Addressing stress and training length might improve interest, particularly among interns, who showed greater engagement through elective rotations.
Yap-işlet-devret modeli ile ihale edilen otoyollarda Monte Carlo simülasyonu ile projenin değerlemesi
Authors: Üçer Çiftçi Füsun
Published: January 2025

Yap-İşlet-Devret modeli, Türkiye genelinde son yıllara ait altyapı yatırım çalışmalarında sıkça kullanılan finansal yöntemlerden birisidir. Özellikle karayolu ağının otoyollarla yeniden inşa edilmeye başlamasıyla ülkemizdeki otoyol yatırımları neredeyse tamamen bu yöntem kullanılarak yapılmaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, YİD modeli ile ihalesi yapılan bir otoyol projesinde ihaleye verilecek imtiyaz süresinin hesabı için literatürdeki yöntemler içerisinden Monte Carlo Simülasyonu ve hesaplanan aralığın daraltılması için de Pazarlık-Oyun Teorisi yöntemleri seçilmiş ve bu model de Kuzey Marmara Otoyolu projesi üzerinde çalıştırılmıştır. Çalışmada farklı senaryolar oluşturulmuş ve bu senaryolar üzerinden projeyi gerçekleştirmeye hak kazanan ortaklığın teklif olarak verdiği imtiyaz süresi hakkında değerlemeler yapılıp projenin devlet ve özel sektör açısından karlılık durumları araştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, projeye verilen imtiyaz süresinin özel sektör yatırımcısı açısından projenin yapılabilirliği ve çekiciliği, devlet açısından ise karlılığının maksimum seviyede dengelendiği bir süre olduğu görülmüştür.
Comparison of hybrid binary GWO-PSO algorithm with feature selection methods by using machine learning classifiers
Authors: Tiryaki Buğra Kaan
Published: January 2025

In the field of machine learning, feature selection methods used in the pre-processing of data for the classifier have become very popular. Instead of the whole dataset, it is important to create a new sub-dataset by discarding the irrelevant and redundant variables in the dataset to make the data ready for analysis. In this way, both the performance of the learning classifier will increase, and cost and time savings will be achieved. In this study, the performance of the hybrid binary grey wolf optimization - particle swarm optimization (BHGWOPSO) algorithm with machine learning methods is investigated. In addition, a comparison was made between BHGWOPSO and other feature selection methods such as principial component analysis and filter methods in contrast to literature. Thus, it is aimed to show which of the different feature selection methods will work better. For this purpose, five different benchmark datasets with different number of features were selected. Both feature selection methods and machine learning classifiers were compared with each other using the accuracy metric. As a result of the comparisons, it was observed that a different feature selection method and a different classifier had higher accuracy values for each data set.
Exploring the evolution and future trajectory of transportation technologies
Authors: Ekici Üsame , Kasap Eyüp Emre
Published: January 2025

The need for people to relocate due to the environmental difficulties they experienced centuries ago gave birth to the concept of transportation; It has become one of the indispensable needs of people such as food, drink, health and shelter. In order to meet this displacement requirement, various tools have been developed and used according to the continental or marine characteristics of the Earth, and the need for transportation has continued to develop dynamically and become an integral part of our daily lives. In this study, the development of the need to relocate, which is among the basic needs, from past to present under the umbrella of transportation, its technological evolution and popular demand factors were investigated. As a result of the study, it has been reached that electric vehicles have become popular in the 21st century with the increase in urban population, people's demand for individual transportation vehicles and the development of sustainable energy-based fuel technologies. Urban air mobility solutions, including electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft and drones, have the potential to relieve congestion on roadways and offer efficient transportation options for urban commuters. Additionally, autonomous and connected vehicles have the potential to optimize traffic flow and reduce congestion, thereby improving the energy efficiency of transportation systems. However, more concrete and quantitative comparisons are required to determine their impact on fuel consumption.
On approximation properties by exponential type of Bernstein-Stancu Operators
Authors: Acar Ecem
Published: January 2025

In the paper, we introduced a generalization of Bernstein-Stancu-Kantorovich operators that reproduces exponential functions. For appropriate function spaces, both the uniform and L^p convergence have been established. We proved that the new operators satisfy the Korovkin tests with the exponential functions and calculated the operators’ analytical expressions evaluated on various powers of e ^μxwhich is necessary to get the uniform convergence conclusion using the well-known Korovkin Theorem. Consequently, the convergence theorem for the new operators, which transfer the weighted space L_μ^p ([0,1]) to itself, has been established. Additionally, using the usual modulus of continuity of the estimated function in the continuous case, we provide quantitative estimates for the approximation error.
Erythemato-squamous diseases diagnosis and prediction using artificial intelligence
Authors: Balbal Kadriye Filiz
Published: January 2025

In this study, artificial intelligence was applied to accurately diagnose and predict erythemato-squamous diseases (ESDs). Feature selection was performed for 34 features in the dataset with the wrapper feature selection method. 18 features were selected using the feature selection method. In the analyses performed with machine learning algorithms, results were obtained and compared with both the initial 34 features and the selected 18 features. Six different machine learning classification algorithms were compared for erythemato-squamous diseases. Naive Bayes algorithm was determined as the most successful algorithm in the diagnosis and prediction of erythemato-squamous diseases with an accuracy rate of 99.45%. In addition, it was determined that the applied feature selection method increased the performance of all algorithms. When the results obtained in the study are examined, it is seen that wrapper feature selection plays an important role in improving the performance of machine learning models.
A novel isolation method for chondrocytes differentiated from synovial fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cell
Authors: Altuntaş Candan , Duruksu Gökhan , Hunç Fatih , Yazır Yusufhan
Published: January 2025

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in synovial fluid (SF) actively participate in the regeneration process of healthy joints and have been defined as a good source of chondrocyte cells, which can be obtained by in vitro differentiation of stem cells. This cell population derived from synovial fluid shares cellular characteristics with bone marrow and synovial membrane MSCs with respect to their differentiation potency. Current cell isolation protocols for cartilage therapy mainly focus on the isolation of chondrocytes or MSCs from biological samples. However, the isolation of chondrocytes after the in vitro differentiation from MSCs has not been described in the literature. In this context, we defined a novel method based on Ficoll-Paque density gradient centrifugation for high-throughput isolation of differentiated chondrocytes from human synovial fluid mesenchymal stem cells (hSF-MSCs) without the requirement for cell labeling.
In this study, terminally differentiated chondrocytes were obtained after 21 days of chondrogenic differentiation from hSF-MSCs and were isolated using this novel protocol. The isolated chondrocytes were later analyzed for cell viability and functionality by staining with Alcian Blue and by gene expression analysis for chondrocyte markers.
In conclusion, the novel chondrocyte isolation method described here is capable of achieving low-cost efficiency. According to the minimal process principles, we hope that this protocol will find use in both translational research and routine clinical applications involving the differentiation and isolation of chondrocytes in vitro.
هوية الثقافة السياسية للتعليم في العراق ودور المؤسسة الدينية في مواجهة التطرف الديني
Authors: ا.م.د عدنان عبد الامير مهدي
Published: January 2025

تعد الثقافة السياسية بوصفها مجموعة قيم ومعايير سلوكية مرتبطة بالأفراد ومن ثم الجماعة من خلال علاقتهم بالسلطة السياسية، أو بالنظام السياسي الحاكم بوجه أدق فلسفة مهمة في تحقيق امتيازات العيش الكريم والسلم الأهلي والتماسك الاجتماعي وهذا بدوره أن تحقق سوف يبدد من فورة العنف والطرف الديني الذي استشرى في مفاصل المجتمع من بينها المؤسسة التعليمية مما يتطلب توجيه واستشراد كافة الطاقات والمؤسسات الحكومية للحد من موجة العنف والتطرف، من أجل عراق خال من نزعات العنف والإرهاب، ومن هنا تنبع أهمية المؤسسة الدينية بكونها المفعول الأكثر تأثيراً على قيم وسلوك وتصرف الأفراد لتوجيههم وتخطيهم مظاهر العنف والتطرف.
Using a Hypotheticodeductive Reasoning Approach to Identify Coronary Artery Stenosis and Myocardial Ischemia in a Patient With Upper Arm, Scapular, and Wrist Pain
Authors: Bikkers Samuel J.
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND: A 58-year-old male with left upper extremity pain presented for second opinion via video teleconferencing secondary to his physician’s recommendation for potential rotator cuff surgery.

CASE PRESENTATION: He reported subacute variable left upper extremity pain. He denied questioning targeting the cardiopulmonary symptoms but also denied movement-based aggravating factors of the cervical spine and shoulder.

OUTCOME: A movement-based exam targeting potential cervical and shoulder differential diagnoses failed to elicit symptoms. The physical therapist advocated for referral by the primary care provider to a cardiologist to rule out an underlying cardiac etiology. Per-recommendation stress electrocardiogram (EKG) testing reproduced his symptoms and caused abnormal EKG behavior, leading to angiography and stenting.

FOLLOW-UP: At follow-up 48 hours, 1 week, and 4 weeks after stent placement, the patient reported complete resolution of symptoms.

DISCUSSION: This case underscores the importance of ruling out competing differential diagnoses, the role the physical therapist can have in entry-point care, and the value that telehealth-based services can have in patient triage. JOSPT Cases 2025;5(1):57-65. Epub 22 January 2025. doi:10.2519/josptcases.2025.0104
ЭВАКУАЦИЯ ГОСБАНКА СССР И ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЕГО ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ В ГОДЫ ВЕЛИКОЙ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ВОЙНЫ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ КИЕВСКОЙ ГОРОДСКОЙ КОНТОРЫ)
Authors: Крылова А.В.
Published: January 2025

Актуальность темы объясняется отсутствием ее системного исследования, а также возможностью получения новой информации из рассекреченных документов, что может придать глубину работам современных ученых; необходимостью аргументированной интерпретации фактов, что способствует недопущению появления исторических фейков. Цель работы – изучить особенности эвакуационных мероприятий, функционирования контор и отделений, а также быт сотрудников Госбанка в процессе перемещения из Киева в другие города УССР и РСФСР во время Великой Отечественной войны. В результате исследования была проведена периодизация эвакуационных мероприятий, выделены характерные черты основных этапов; обозначены ключевые проблемные моменты, их причины и шаги для устранения; проанализированы факторы, влиявшие на процесс принятия решений; выделены типичные и индивидуальные аспекты процесса эвакуации Киевской городской конторы Госбанка в сравнении с другими конторами и отделениями, банками, а также промпредприятиями и иными организациями (культуры, образования); показан вклад в Победу рядовых работников Госбанка СССР.

The relevance of the topic is explained by the lack of its systematic research, the possibility of obtaining new information from declassified documents, which can give depth to the work of modern scientists; as well as the need for substantiated interpretation of the facts, which helps to prevent the appearance of «historical fakes». The purpose of the work is to study the features of evacuation measures, the functioning of offices and branches, as well as the everyday life of employees of the State Bank in the process of moving from Kiev to other cities of the Ukrainian SSR and the RSFSR during the Great Patriotic war. As a result of the study, the periodisation of evacuation measures was carried out, the characteristic features of the main stages were highlighted; key problematic points, their causes and steps to eliminate were identified; factors affecting the decision-making process were analyzed; typical and individual aspects of the evacuation process of the Kiev city office of the State Bank were distinguished from those of other offices and branches, banks, as well as industrial enterprises and other organisations (culture, education); the contribution of ordinary employees of the USSR State Bank to the Victory was shown.
МОДЕЛИ ВНУТРЕННЕЙ КАРТИНЫ БОЛЕЗНИ МУЖЧИН И ЖЕНЩИН С КАРДИОПАТОЛОГИЕЙ
Authors: Лакомская А.В. , Семенова С.В.
Published: January 2025

В статье описаны результаты исследования внутренней картины болезни у пациентов, перенесших реваскуляризацию миокарда и проходящих реабилитационный этап лечения. В исследовании приняли участие 62 респондента в возрасте 50–60 лет. 30 женщин и 32 мужчины. Все пациенты на момент исследования находились на санаторно-восстановительном лечении после перенесенной операции на сосудах сердца. Пациенты отвечали на вопросы авторского интервью, которое включало вопросы о заболевании, социально-демографических характеристиках и вопросы о преставлениях пациентов о различных проявлениях их болезни и их отношении к ней. Полученные ответы о внутренней картине собственной болезни были проанализированы с помощью контент-анализа и структурированы в модели. Проанализированы и описаны сходства и различия представлений мужчин и женщин о своем заболевании. В группе мужчин выделено шесть моделей внутренней картины болезни, у женщин пять. Модели: «здесь и сейчас», «да, я болен» и «тревога завтрашнего дня», представлены как у мужчин, так и у женщин. Остальные модели различаются как по содержанию, так и по форме проявления у пациентов разного пола. Основным отличием является выделение у мужчин дополнительной, не представленной среди женщин модели «болезнь на расстоянии вытянутой руки». Результаты исследования расширяют представления о личности мужчин и женщин, страдающих от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, будут актуальны для специалистов, работающих с данной категорией пациентов и их родственников.

This article describes the results of a study of the internal picture of the disease in patients who undergone myocardial revascularization and are undergoing rehabilitation treatment. The study involved 62 respondents aged 50-60 years. 30 women and 32 men. At the time of the study, all patients were undergoing sanatorium rehabilitation treatment after undergoing surgery on heart vessels. The patients answered questions from the author's interview, which included questions about the disease, socio-demographic characteristics, and questions about patients' perceptions of various manifestations of their disease and their attitude to it. The answers received about the internal picture of one's own illness were analyzed using content analysis and structured in a model. The similarities and differences between men and women's ideas about their disease are analyzed and described. Six models of the internal picture of the disease were identified in the group of men, and five in women. The models: «here and now», «yes, I'm sick» and «anxiety of tomorrow» are presented in both men and women. The remaining models differ both in content and in the form of manifestation in patients of different sexes. The main difference is the allocation of an additional «arm's length disease» model in men, which is not represented among women. The results of the study expand the understanding of the personality of men and women suffering from cardiovascular diseases, and will be relevant for specialists working with this category of patients and their relatives.
АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ РАЗВЕДКА ПО ЛЕВОМУ БЕРЕГУ ОЗЕРА САУСКАНОВСКОГО В 2004 Г.
Authors: ЗАГВАЗДИН Е П.
Published: January 2025

В статье приводятся неопубликованные материалы разведочных археологических исследований, проведённых автором в 2004 г. на левобережье Иртыша, по левому берегу озера Саускановского. В ходе разведки у деревень Сабанаки и Юрты Иртышатские собрана гончарная керамика. В окрестностях п. Сумкино обследованы берега р. Тулумки (Малышки, Сумка) и близлежащий бор. На северо-восточной окраине поселка, на мусульманском кладбище, выявлен памятник местонахождение Сумкино I, который по керамике датирован X-XIII вв.
ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЯ ЛАСТОНОГИХ (PINNIPEDIA) В ДРЕВНЕЙШЕМ ИСКУССТВЕ СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДНОЙ ПАСИФИКИ (ОХОТСКОЕ, ЯПОНСКОЕ И БЕРИНГОВО МОРЯ)
Authors: ПАНКИНА А И.
Published: January 2025

В данной статье предложен подробный обзор изображений представителей правотряда ластоногих (Pinnipedia) в древнейшем искусстве побережья северо-западной части Тихого океана (водосборные бассейны Японского, Охотского и Берингова морей). Имеющаяся коллекция изображений (мобильная скульптура и наскальная живопись) демонстрирует широкое разнообразие способов изготовления изделий и используемого сырья (обсидиан, керамика, кость морских животных), а также различных стилистических приемов для передачи образа. Предложенная в исследовании биологическая классификация рассматриваемых изделий позволила определить некоторые изображения по набору экстерьерных признаков вплоть до вида и/или семейства (ушастые тюлени, настоящие тюлени). Полученные результаты органично вписываются в общую историю морского зверобойного промысла в регионе, реконструированного в основном на фаунистических материалах и орудийных комплексах, представляют дополнительную информацию о его особенностях.