bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity of Dark Matter Density Profiles in the Galactic Dwarf Spheroidal Satellites
Authors: Hayashi Kohei , Chiba Masashi , Ishiyama Tomoaki
Published: November 2020

The core–cusp problem is one of the controversial issues in the standard paradigm of Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) theory. However, under the assumption of conventional spherical symmetry, the strong degeneracy among model parameters makes it unclear whether dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies indeed have cored dark matter density profiles at their centers. In this work, we revisit this problem using nonspherical mass models, which have the advantage of being able to alleviate the degeneracy. Applying our mass models to the currently available kinematic data of the eight classical dSphs, we find that within finite uncertainties, most of these dSphs favor cusped central profiles rather than cored ones. In particular, Draco has a cusped dark matter halo with high probability even considering a prior bias. We also find the diversity of the inner slopes in their dark matter halos. To clarify the origin of this diversity, we investigate the relation between the inner dark matter density slope and stellar-to-halo mass ratio for the sample dSphs and find that this relation is generally in agreement with the predictions from recent ΛCDM and hydrodynamical simulations. We also find that the simulated subhalos have an anticorrelation between the dark matter density at 150 pc and pericenter distance, which is consistent with the observed one. We estimate their astrophysical factors for dark matter indirect searches and circular velocity profiles associated with huge uncertainties. To more precisely estimate their dark matter profiles, wide-field spectroscopic surveys for the dSphs are essential.
How Well Can We Measure the Stellar Mass of a Galaxy: The Impact of the Assumed Star Formation History Model in SED Fitting
Authors: Lower Sidney , Narayanan Desika , Leja Joel , Johnson Benjamin D. , Conroy Charlie , Davé Romeel
Published: November 2020

The primary method for inferring the stellar mass (M
*) of a galaxy is through spectral energy distribution (SED) modeling. However, the technique rests on assumptions such as the galaxy star formation history (SFH) and dust attenuation law that can severely impact the accuracy of derived physical properties from SED modeling. Here we examine the effect that the assumed SFH has on the stellar properties inferred from SED fitting by ground-truthing them against mock observations of high-resolution cosmological hydrodynamic galaxy formation simulations. Classically, SFHs are modeled with simplified parameterized functional forms, but these forms are unlikely to capture the true diversity of galaxy SFHs and may impose systematic biases with underreported uncertainties on results. We demonstrate that flexible nonparametric SFHs outperform traditional parametric forms in capturing variations in galaxy SFHs and, as a result, lead to significantly improved stellar masses in SED fitting. We find a decrease in the average bias of 0.4 dex with a delayed-τ model to a bias under 0.1 dex for the nonparametric model, though this is heavily dependent on the choice of prior for the nonparametric model. Similarly, using nonparametric SFHs in SED fitting results in increased accuracy in recovered galaxy star formation rates and stellar ages.
Thermodynamics of equilibrium states and approaches to analyzing the mass transport in metal-oxide systems
Authors: Lavrova Olga V. , Legkikh Aleksandr Yu.
Published: November 2020

Analysis of corrosion processes has a major role in justifying the reliability and safety of developed nuclear reactors of a new generation with heavy liquid metal coolants. An approach has been developed which allows practical conclusions to be made with respect to the processes in the given metal-oxide system based on analyzing state diagrams for these systems in the "oxidation potential – temperature" coordinates. The proposed approach relies on a long-term experience of experimental and computational studies concerned with the interaction of various steel grades with molten lead and lead-bismuth, as well as with the transport of metal impurities within these molten metals. The oxidation potential of a metal-oxide system is measured in experimental studies using oxygen activity sensors developed and manufactured at IPPE. The applicability of the proposed approach to analyzing the processes of mass transport in iron-oxygen, lead-oxygen, sodium-oxygen, and iron-water vapor systems has been demonstrated.
On a significant slowing-down of the kinetics of fast transient processes in a fast reactor
Authors: Kulikov Gennady G. , Shmelev Anatoly N. , Apse Vladimir A. , Kulikov Evgeny G.
Published: November 2020

The kinetics of nuclear reactors is determined by the average neutron lifetime. When the inserted reactivity is more than the effective delayed neutron fraction, the reactor kinetics becomes very rapid. It is possible to slow down the fast reactor kinetics by increasing the neutron lifetime. The authors consider the possibility of using the lead isotope, 208Pb, as a neutron reflector with specific properties in a lead-cooled fast reactor. To analyze the emerging effects in a reactor of this type, a point kinetics model was selected, which takes into account neutrons returning from the 208Pb reflector to the reactor core.

Such specific properties of 208Pb as the high atomic weight and weak neutron absorption allow neutrons from the reactor core to penetrate deeply into the 208Pb reflector, slow down in it, and have a noticeable probability to return to the reactor core and affect the chain fission reaction. The neutrons coming back from the 208Pb reflector have a long ‘dead-time’, i.e., the sum of times when neutrons leave the reactor core, entering the 208Pb reflector, and then diffuse back into the reactor core. During the ‘dead-time’, these neutrons cannot affect the chain fission reaction. In terms of the delay time, the neutrons returning from the deep layers of the 208Pb reflector are close to the delayed neutrons. Moreover, the number of the neutrons coming back from the 208Pb reflector considerably exceeds the number of the delayed neutrons.

As a result, the neutron lifetime formed by the prompt neutron lifetime and the ‘dead-time’ of the neutrons from the 208Pb reflector can be substantially increased. This will lead to a longer reactor acceleration period, which will mitigate the effects of prompt supercriticality. Thus, the use of 208Pb as a neutron reflector can significantly improve the fast reactor nuclear safety.
A new species of Eriotheca (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) from coastal areas in northeastern Brazil
Authors: Carvalho-Sobrinho Jefferson , da Mota Aline C. , Dorr Laurence J.
Published: November 2020

A new species ofEriotheca(Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) from coastal areas in the northeastern Brazilian states of Alagoas and Bahia is described and illustrated.Eriotheca alversoniiinhabits Atlantic coastal forest and is found principally on sandy soils in restinga vegetation. It is most similar morphologically toE. parvifolia. Both species have 3-foliolate leaves and short petioles on fertile branches, but the new species has smaller flowers, truncate to crenulate calyces, and smaller globose to subglobose capsules. The affinities ofE. alversoniito morphologically similar species and its phenology are discussed. A distribution map and preliminary assessment of its conservation status are provided.
Rotated $ A_n $-lattice codes of full diversity
Authors: Ferrari Agnaldo José , de Souza Tatiana Miguel Rodrigues
Published: November 2020

Some important properties of lattices are packing density and full diversity, which may be good for signal transmission over both Gaussian and Rayleigh fading channel, respectively. The algebraic lattices are constructed through twisted homomorphism of some modules in the ring of integers of a number field \begin{document}$ \mathbb{K} $\end{document}. In this paper, we present a construction of some families of rotated \begin{document}$ A_n- $\end{document}lattices, for \begin{document}$ n = 2^{r-2}-1 $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ r \geq 4 $\end{document}, via totally real subfield of cyclotomic fields. Furthermore, closed-form expressions for the minimum product distance of those lattices are obtained through algebraic properties.
Multiple solutions for nonlinear cone degenerate elliptic equations
Authors: Chen Hua , Wei Yawei
Published: November 2020

The present paper is concerned with the Dirichlet boundary value problem for nonlinear cone degenerate elliptic equations. First we introduce the weighted Sobolev spaces, inequalities and the property of compactness. After the appropriate energy functional established, we obtain the existence of infinitely many solutions in the weighted Sobolev spaces by applying the variational methods.
Para além da Pintura. Alguns apontamentos sobre as outras coleções do conde Daupias
Authors: Gonçalves Ramiro A.
Published: November 2020

Pedro Eugénio Daupias (1818-1900), 1.º visconde e 1.º conde de Daupias, foi um dos mais importantes colecionadores em Portugal no último quartel do século XIX. Das várias coleções reunidas, a de pintura, pela excelência de algumas peças, é a que ganha maior destaque para a história da arte, estando alinhada com o gosto parisiense, embora as suas tendências ecléticas o tivessem levado a reunir todo o tipo de objetos artísticos: escultura, cerâmica, têxteis, mobiliário, ourivesaria, entre outros. No presente artigo faremos uma análise descritiva das diversas coleções, com referência a alguns objetos comentados pelos visitantes da Galeria do conde Daupias ou referidos, com descrições específicas, em catálogos de exposições ou leilões. O conde fez publicar em 1882 um catálogo dedicado à pintura e escultura modernas. A dispersão da coleção começa em 1892, quando uma seleção das melhores pinturas foi à praça em Paris. Em 1894, realizou-se um leilão dedicado às artes decorativas, novamente na capital francesa. E, dez anos após a morte do colecionador, em 1910, foi vendido num leilão em Lisboa o remanescente da coleção.
Gostos ecléticos em coleções, repercussões em museus nacionais: o caso da coleção Ferreira das Neves
Authors: Malta Marize
Published: November 2020

Jerônimo Ferreira das Neves (1854-1918), um colecionador brasileiro, viveu, com a sua esposa Eugênia Barbosa de Carvalho Neves (1860-1946), em Lisboa nas décadas de 1880 e 1890, reunindo uma coleção eclética, composta por livros raros, moedas, medalhas e objetos de arte. O casal não juntou apenas peças antigas de elevado valor estético, mas também objetos do quotidiano de uso comum, perfazendo uma diversidade complexa, reflexo das práticas colecionistas do período e dos chamados museus ecléticos. Parte da coleção foi doada à Escola Nacional de Belas Artes do Rio de Janeiro, antiga Academia Imperial, em 1947, por vontade testamentária de Eugênia Neves, integrando o acervo do Museu D. João VI, museu da referida Escola, criado em 1979. Quase 60 anos depois da doação de Eugênia Neves, após o Museu D. João VI ter sido alvo de renovação museológica na primeira década do século XXI, foi possível expor a coleção em toda a sua diversidade, entre outras obras de ensino académico. Esta apresentação da coleção recupera a sua natureza eclética e instiga novos questionamentos sobre as coleções oitocentistas, modos de exibição e de compreensão da arte e das suas práticas historiográficas. Pretendemos, assim, a partir das reflexões sobre museus nacionais brasileiros e as experiências de colecionismo de Oitocentos no Rio de Janeiro, discutir as repercussões das doações a instituições públicas, dos seus usos e implicações na contemporaneidade.
Para uma árvore genealógica museológica: o caso singular do Museu Machado de Castro
Authors: Freitas Duarte Manuel
Published: November 2020

No presente estudo almejamos não só delinear o “passado genético” do Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro (Coimbra), fundado em 1911, como também listar o seu contributo, a vários níveis, na criação de outros espaços museológicos no distrito onde se insere. A partir da análise das fontes coligidas (escritas e icononímicas) estabeleceu-se uma estrutura discursiva que se inicia com uma breve reflexão sobre o nascimento e o perecimento dos fenómenos museológicos (I – In Principio), seguindo-se a compreensão do fator humano instituidor (II – Ecce homo), com destaque para António Augusto Gonçalves (1848-1932), fundador e primeiro diretor do museu, sendo uma das figuras notáveis no meio conimbricense das artes e da proteção do património. No momento seguinte (III – Avorum), procurar-se-á as origens remotas da instituição, a partir do estudo de três organizações museológicas tardo-oitocentistas da cidade (Museu Municipal de Arte e Indústrias, Museu do Instituto de Coimbra e o Tesouro da Sé), recebendo delas o espólio, os vetores missionais e o know-how. Examina-se, em seguida, o ato fundador do MNMC (IV – Nativitate), marcado por um novo contexto sociopolítico definido pela então jovem República Portuguesa e pelas conceções museológicas firmadas pelo seu instituidor. A contribuição do museu estatal conimbricense na criação e manutenção de dois novos espaços museológicos (Museu Monográfico de Conímbriga e o Museu Etnográfico de Coimbra) será, de igual modo, evidenciada (V – Semina), apresentando-se já nas considerações finais (VI – Peractio), para além da habitual súmula, uma árvore genealógica do objeto de estudo.
Vues vérifiées, écoute évacuée : la valorisation publicitaire de la musique sur YouTube
Authors: HEUGUET Guillaume
Published: November 2020

Depuis 2013, YouTube est reconnu comme la « première destination » des auditeurs de musique en France. Fondée par trois anciens employés de PayPal en 2005 comme l’éditrice d’un site de stockage et de publication de vidéos, l’entreprise a peu à peu développé un système technique et un modèle d’affaires qui entendent « monétiser » la musique publiée sur le site en articulant l’écoute « à la demande » avec un système de régie publicitaire. S’appuyant notamment sur une veille sur différents espaces de youtube.com, le blogue YouTube et l’étude de brevets, cet article s’intéresse aux médiations techniques, sémiotiques et symboliques sur lesquelles repose la valorisation marchande de la musique dans un dispositif médiatique généraliste d’abord conçu pour la vidéo. Il analyse l’hétérogénéité des calculs et des signes liés à une mesure d’audience spécifique, la « vue ». Il montre ensuite son statut d’étalon contesté parmi les acteurs du marché de la musique. Il interroge enfin les aspects anthropologiques des normes de l’économie et de la consommation des médias qui structurent l’acceptabilité d’une telle activité de mesure. Entre la prétention de YouTube à se situer au plus près des pratiques musicales des internautes pour les attirer et séduire les annonceurs et un mode de calcul conçu indépendamment de tout rapport spécifique à la musique, la médiation des valeurs de la musique sur YouTube apparaît comme un paradoxe.
Enseigner la guitare sur YouTube. Le tutoriel gratuit et les contradictions de la « numérimorphose » de l’enseignement de l’instrument : le cas de la chaîne MrGalagomusic
Authors: ROTH Raphaël , SWINNEN Laure-Hélène
Published: November 2020

Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude sur les modalités d’enseignement de la guitare sur YouTube. Il met en lumière une des contradictions propres au Do (Learn) It Yourself et à la gratuité. « Je me demande si je n’ai pas tué le métier de prof de guitare en proposant des contenus gratuits », s’interroge l’auteur de la chaîne MrGalagomusic lors d’un entretien. Comment, alors que la transformation de la consommation de l’écoute musicale intègre une tension qui tend à diminuer, le tutoriel, par sa gratuité, renouvelle-t-il une tension inhérente à la reproductibilité sonore dans le domaine de la transmission des gestes, des savoirs et des connaissances liés à l’apprentissage d’un instrument ? Cette tension est propre à la culture de la convergence qu’analyse Henry Jenkins : la contribution d’une communauté par une intelligence collective de l’apprentissage se confronte toujours au problème de la rémunération du créateur. Que devient donc son statut lorsque l’apprentissage est pluriel ?
La musique québécoise est-elle compatible avec le streaming  ? Usages et représentations de la musique francophone québécoise sur les plateformes de streaming au Québec
Authors: Jamet Romuald , Roberge Jonathan
Published: November 2020

Les plateformes de streaming musical ont inéluctablement transformé l’industrie musicale ainsi que les formes et les pratiques d’écoute des auditeurs. Ceci est des plus perceptible au Québec, notamment concernant la musique locale : alors que l’industrie musicale peine, de par sa structuration historique et politique, à relever les enjeux liés au streaming et aux dernières modalités technologiques de diffusion, les auditeurs, eux, se sont massivement tournés vers ces plateformes et semblent avoir profondément « numérimorphosé » leurs pratiques d’écoute en se détournant au demeurant de la musique francophone québécoise. Quels rapports entretiennent les Québécois envers le streaming et, entre autres, pourquoi la musique québécoise francophone, pourtant disponible sur ces plateformes, y semble de moins en moins écoutée ? À partir des résultats d’une enquête qualitative et exploratoire auprès d’auditeurs québécois (n=20), cet article sera l’occasion de proposer une analyse des rapports complexes et pour le moins ambigus qu’entretiennent les utilisateurs québécois avec les plateformes de streaming.
EMI Reduction of PFC Rectifier and LLC Converter with Automatic Output Ripple Improvement
Authors: Kobori Yasunori , Oiwa Noriyuki , Katayama Shogo , Bustoni Ahmad , Sun Yi Fei , Tran Minh Tri , Kuwana Anna , Kobayashi Haruo
Published: November 2020

This paper proposes the method of the Electro-Magnetic Interference (EMI) noise reduction of the AC-DC rectifiers and the DC-DC converters with the insulated transformers. For the Power Factor Correction (PFC) rectifier, the power factor is the most important item, but the EMI noise emitted from the clock pulse is not remarked. For the DC-DC converters such as the forward converter, the efficiency is the most important. We have focused on the EMI noise reduction for the PFC rectifier and insulated DC-DC converters with the frequency modulation of the clock pulses. First, the spectrum level of the clock pulse is introduced to be much reduced by shaking the clock frequency for the PFC rectifier and the forward converter. Next, we have investigated the EMI reduction of the LLC converter whose operating frequency varies to make the output voltage stable. It is difficult to modify the operating frequency to reduce the EMI noise. We have investigated to reduce the EMI noise by shaking the duty ratio of the resonant signals for the LLC converter. In this case, the output voltage ripple is increased by much EMI noise reduction. Finally, the technology to stabilize the increased ripple is introduced.
Pulse Coding Controlled Switching Converters with Notch Frequency Generation in Noise Spectrum
Authors: Kobori Yasunori , Sun Yi Fei , Tran Minh Tri , Kuwana Anna , Kobayashi Haruo
Published: November 2020

This paper proposes a new technology about generating notch characteristics in noise spectrum of DC-DC switching converters for the communication devices. There are very few reports about the pulse coding controlled switching converter, though it is sometimes used in digital-to-analog converter (DAC) field, to our knowledge. We have investigated the pulse coding technology to switching converters to generate automatically the notch characteristics in the noise spectrum. The notch frequency Fn in the spectrum of the switching pulses is created by two coding pulses to control the main power switch. The clock and coding pulses are automatically generated from the input frequency Fin to create the notch frequency Fn=Fin. In addition, the notch frequency is experimentally confirmed with the prototype circuit.
Automatic Current Balance for Multi-Phase Switching Converters with Ripple Control or Soft Switch
Authors: Kobori Yasunori , Li Jing , Sun Yi Fei , Tran Minh Tri , Kuwana Anna , Kobayashi Haruo
Published: November 2020

This paper proposes a new multi-phase switching converter with atuotomatic current barance technique. It is well-known that the multi-phase switching converter is suitable to handle large output current with small output voltage ripple for the buck converters which use the clock pulse. This paper investigates a multi-phase controlled method for the ripple-controlled converters and the soft switching converters, that use no clock pulse; for this reason, these converters are difficult to realize multi-phase converter configurations. There are some multi-phase hysteretic controlled converters; they utilize a main clock generator or an external sub-clock pulse, which has the master-slave synchronization method. But it is difficult to respond to a frequency change of the master converter. These multi-phase converters have not considered the imbalance among phase currents caused by variations of inductors and semiconductor switches in the power stage. For the commercialized multi-phase Voltage Regulating Modules (VRMs), the inductors and the semiconductor switches are selected to adjust the balance among the phase currents. However, there is no multi-phase soft switching converter.Then we have developed the multi-phase ripple-controlled converter and the multi-phase soft switching converter with the technique of detecting 180-degree from the variable operating frequency of the main converter. Moreover, in these converters, there appears the current imbalance because of the element variations among inductors and capacitors, if some cares are not taken there. Then we have developed the automatic correction for the current imbalance by modifying the width of the Constant On Time (COT) pulse or modifying the slope of the saw-tooth signal.
EMI Noise Reduction of DC-DC Switching Converters with Automatic Output Ripple Cancellation
Authors: Kobori Yasunori , Sun Yi Fei , Tran Minh Tri , Kuwana Anna , Kobayashi Haruo
Published: November 2020

This paper proposes new EMI reduction technologies and automatic output voltage ripple cancellation method for the PWM buck converter with voltage-mode or current-mode and the ripple-controlled converters. Genenrally, modfying the clock frequeny is effective to reduce the EMI noise, but it may increase the output ripple substantially. We have developed techniques to cancel the increased ripple by modifying the slope of the saw-tooth signal or current of the ripple injection circuit. The EMI spectrum of the operating frequency is reduced by more than 15dB and the modified large ripple is canceled to the stable level.
Pore Structure of TiO2- Modified ZrO2 Particles Prepared by the Glycothermal Method
Authors: Sugiyama Fuya , Hayashi Shunsuke , Iwamoto Shinji
Published: November 2020

Titania-modified zirconias with different Ti/Zr ratios were synthesized via thermal treatment of zirconium (IV) tetra-n-propoxide and titanium (IV) tetra-iso-propoxide in 1,4-butanediol at 300 °C. The obtained products were spherical particles composed of nanocrystals with the tetragonal ZrO2 structure. The products had large specific surface areas, large pore volumes, and relatively narrow pore size distributions in the mesopore region. After calcination at high temperatures, the obtained TiO2-modified ZrO2 samples preserved large surface areas and pore structure. Having these superior thermal stability and pore structure, the obtained TiO2-modified ZrO2 particles are expected to show high performance as catalytic materials.
Rehabilitation Assistance Systems for Three-Dimensional Gait Analysis Using Motion Capture Devices
Authors: Yuminaka Yasushi , Fujii Motoaki , Nakazato Syogo , Tsukagoshi Setsuki , Ikeda Yoshio , Hasegawa Makoto , Wada Naoki
Published: November 2020

Patients with Parkinson’s disease or stroke show symptoms of motor disorders that disturb gait and mobility. Although the objective and/or quantitative assessment of the rehabilitation to evaluate the degree of improvement is significantly important, three-dimensional (3D) motion capture systems to evaluate body movement are very expensive and require many markers attached to patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of medical and healthcare ICT-supported rehabilitation assistance systems for 3D gait analysis using low-cost markerless motion capture devices in response to practical clinical needs. The clinical data obtained by our system showed that there were significant differences between the patient group and the healthy subject group.
Numerical Simulation for the Starting Characteristics of a Wind Turbine
Authors: Kuwana Anna , Bai Xue Yan , Yao Dan , Kobayashi Haruo
Published: November 2020

There are many types of wind turbine. Large propeller-type wind turbines are used mainly for large wind farms and offshore wind power generation. Small vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are often used in distributed energy systems. In previous studies on wind turbines, the basic characteristics such as torque coefficient have often been obtained during rotation, with the turbine rotating at a constant speed. Such studies are necessary for the proper design of wind turbines. However, it is also necessary to conduct research under conditions in which the wind direction and wind speed change over time. Numerical simulation of the starting characteristics is carried out in this study. Based on the flow field around the wind turbine, the force required to rotate the turbine is calculated. The force used to stop the turbine is modeled based on friction in relation to the bearing. Equations for the motion of the turbine are solved by their use as external force. Wind turbine operation from the stationary state to the start of rotation is simulated. Five parameters, namely, blade length, wind turbine radius, overlap, gap, and blade thickness, are changed and the optimum shape is obtained. The simulation results tend to qualitatively agree with the experimental results for steadily rotating wind turbines in terms of two aspects: (1) the optimal shape has an 20% overlap of the turbine radius, and (2) the larger the gap, the lower the efficiency.
Systematic Evaluation of Hybridization Property and Photo-Crosslinking Ability of Modified Oligonucleotides Containing Benzophenone-Bearing Glycol Nucleoside Analogs
Authors: Sunaga Masatoshi , Motegi Dai , Motegi Yuya , Shinozuka Kazuo , Moriguchi Tomohisa
Published: November 2020

Antigene technology is the one strategy for the artificial regulation of gene expression by the formation of triple structure on triplex forming oligonucleotide (TFO) with dsDNA. For the enhancement of the thermal stability of triplex structure, photo-crosslinking reaction is attractive by the covalent bond formation between TFO and dsDNA. In this paper, we designed the novel TFOs containing benzophenone moiety as a photo-crosslinkable agent. Several types of glycol nucleoside analogs having glycol scaffold and benzophenone residues with different linker length were prepared, and the these were incorporated into TFOs. The thermal stability of triplex and the photo-crosslinking reaction efficiency of TFOs toward dsDNA was systematically evaluated.
Theology of Jiḥād based on the ḥadīth: Ṣaḥīh Bukhāri’s perspective
Authors: Sayadi Wajidi , Elmansyah Elmansyah , Prasojo Zaenuddin H. , Muaffaq Ahmad
Published: November 2020

Some people think that various acts of terrorism are always related to Islam as it is a doctrine which is identical to war with all its derivative forms. It will appear to be incompatible if we trace the example of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, written in Ṣahīh Bukhāri’s ḥadīths. This research aimed to uncover the meaning of Jiḥād in Islam as stated in the ḥadīths of the Prophet Muhammad in the book Ṣahīh Bukhāri, the work of the distinguished ḥadīth scholar named Muhammad bin Ismail bin Ibrahim bin al-Mugirah al-Bukhāri (Imam Bukhāri). This interpretation is expected to be a guide for Muslims in the Jiḥād itself, and it could provide accurate information for researchers about Islam, making it possible for scientists to change the stigmatic perspective of terrorism related to Islam. The researchers used a descriptive method by discussing the philosophical meaning of Matan (content) of ḥadīth contained in the book Ṣahīh Bukhāri about Jiḥād. It was concluded in this research that the term Jiḥād does not mean war. It means the effort in the path of Allah, doing Jiḥād against lust, serving the parents, reconciling the parties in conflict, keeping of the promise, supporting old widows, supporting neglected children and the poor, doing hajj Mabrur, and so forth. Jiḥād could also be defined in the context of social welfare, such as in education and economics, which support the framework of bringing about prosperity on earth.Contribution: The number of terrorism cases in the name of Jiḥād lately is very detrimental to Muslims. Because of a lack of understanding of Jiḥād’s meaning, it is a broad sense apart from the war against infidels. This article calls on the importance of understanding Jiḥād, both for Muslims themselves and for people other than Islam. This article provides theological reasons for Jiḥād that can contribute to making peace in the world.
In honour of the extraordinary career of Prof. A. James Barkovich
Authors: Misser Shalendra K. , Sperryn Clive
Published: November 2020

No abstract available.
Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Osteoarthritis-affected Knee Joints
Authors: Singh Abhay Pratap , Saran Sonal , Thukral Brij Bhushan , Kaushik Ravikant
Published: November 2020

Background:

The objective was to compare ultrasonographic findings with clinical and radiographic findings in osteoarthritis (OA)-affected knee joints.

Methods:

This prospective study was conducted in Subharti Medical College, Meerut, after getting clearance from the ethical committee. Eighty-five symptomatic knees fulfilling American College of Rheumatology criteria for OA were included in the study. Patients with trauma, inflammatory, and infective conditions of the knee and with a history of intra-articular interventions and surgery were excluded. Demographic data, body mass index (BMI), visual analog scale (VAS), and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis (WOMAC) questionnaire score were obtained. Kellgren–Lawrence (K-L) score was obtained on radiography. Ultrasonographic findings which were recorded include effusion, meniscal extrusion, femorotrochlear cartilage grading, maximum length of osteophytes at medial and lateral compartments, and presence or absence of Baker cyst.

Results:

A total of 85 consecutive symptomatic knees were examined. The male: female ratio was 22:63, with a mean age of 54.52 ± 9.44 years, mean duration of disease of 24.24 ± 19.14 months, mean BMI of 28.91 ± 3.69 kg/m2, and mean score of VAS and WOMAC pain scale of 6.27 ± 1.45 and 62.45 ± 10.96, respectively. K-L grading of 1, 2, 3, and 4 was reported in 12.9%, 21.2%, 25.9%, and 40% of the knees, respectively. The mean VAS score and WOMAC score showed statistically significant correlation with KL grading (P < 0.05). Knees with the presence of osteophytes, medial meniscal extrusion, effusion, and medial femoral trochlear cartilage grading showed statistically significant correlation with VAS and WOMAC scores (P < 0.05). However, the correlation was not significant for lateral meniscus extrusion and lateral femoral trochlear cartilage grading.

Conclusion:

Our study found that K-L grading and few ultrasonographic criteria showed a significant positive correlation with pain scores, while few other ultrasonographic criteria did not. Both imaging modalities are complementary to each other, rather than one being superior to the other.
Equivariant cohomology of torus orbifolds
Authors: Darby Alastair , Kuroki Shintarô , Song Jongbaek
Published: November 2020

We calculate the integral equivariant cohomology, in terms of generators and relations, of locally standard torus orbifolds whose odd degree ordinary cohomology vanishes. We begin by studying GKM-orbifolds, which are more general, before specializing to half-dimensional torus actions.
Acupuncture in addition to budesonide does not further improve RQLQ apart from the sleep domain
Authors: Wang S-z. , Zhao J-p/ , Guo S-n. , Qu S-h. , Zeng W-m. , Xie Q. , Zhang Y. , Chen S.
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: Acupuncture can effectively alleviate the nasal symptoms of allergic rhinitis (AR); however, the mechanism is unclear. Previous studies suggested it may be related to improve hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction. MATERIALS and METHODS: The study was a randomised controlled trial including ninety patients with moderate to severe persis- tent AR. Subjects were randomised 1:1:1 to the 8-weeks treatment with mind-regulating acupuncture combined with intranasal glucocorticosteroids (INGC), conventional acupuncture combined with INGC and INGC alone (MA, CA, GC respectively). The primary outcome was the change from baseline in the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score of nasal symptoms. Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) score was a key secondary outcome. The levels of corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH), cortisol (COR) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were also analysed. RESULTS: MA, CA and GC reduced VAS score and total RQLQ by a similar degree, but the sleep domain of RQLQ significantly impro- ved in MA and CA compared to GC. Meanwhile, the COR and ACTH level increased, and CRH level decreased after treatment in MA and CA, but the changes showed no difference among the three groups after Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSIONS: Although acupuncture combined with INGC may have potential effect on sleep quality, the combination therapy cannot further improve nasal symptoms or RQLQ compared to INGC alone in AR patients. The influence of acupuncture on HPA axis needs to be further explored.
TORQUE-TENSION TESTING AND EVALUATION OF FASTENER FINISHES
Authors:   USCAR
Published: November 2020

This standard provides a test method for determining the torque-tension relationship of a fastener finish as applied to a surrogate screw for the purpose of measuring the frictional characteristic of the fastener finish. The results obtained by this test shall be used as a process control attribute of the fastener finish and shall not be utilized for specific applications.
STANDARD FOR IN-TANK ELECTRIC FUEL PUMPS
Authors:   USCAR
Published: November 2020

This standard covers the operational characteristics, environment, durability procedures, and test procedures for in-tank electric fuel pumps for automotive gasoline applications. Specific performance and test criteria used in conjunction with this procedure are specified on the pump drawing. Particular sections of this document may be required for all applications. This standard is intended to evaluate specific characteristics as a supplement to normal material inspections, dimensional checking, and in-process controls, and should in no way adversely influence other inspection operations.
Investigation of flow dynamic characteristics of inverse fluidized bed biofilm reactor for degrading pharmaceutical based biomedical wastewater
Authors: Begum S Sabarunisha , Yacin Sikkandar Mohamed , NB Prakash , Bakouri Mohsen , Bakhit Alanazi Ahmed , Mohammed Saad Alkhatlan Nasser
Published: November 2020

The paper investigates the flow dynamic behaviour of inverse fluidized bed biofilm reactor (IFBBR) for the treatment of pharmaceutical based biomedical wastewater. The residence time distribution (RTD) study has been employed as a tool to investigate the flow dynamic behaviour of wastewater within the reactor. The biofilm reactor is operated using Pseudomonas fluorescens for various ratios of settled bed volume to reactor working volume (Vb/Vr) with different superficial air velocities and examined their impact on flow dynamics. The outcomes of this study demonstrate the presence of dead volume and short circuiting in the reactor were reduced for the optimized (Vb/Vr) ratio of 0.20 and optimum superficial air velocity (Ug)m of 0.220 m/s. The potential of IFBBR was experimentally validated by analysing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency, total dissolved solids (TDS) and total suspended solids (TSS) emanating from the wastewater. Findings of this study reveals that maximum COD reduction of about 92% was achieved when the reactor was operated with (Vb/Vr)m of 0.20 with superficial air velocity, Ugm of 0.220 m/s showing the optimal operating parameters for IFBBR which has good mixing and less back mixing condition inside the reactor.
Bir Alt Kültür Olarak Rock Kültürünün Türkiye’deki Evrimi
Authors: BULUBAY Can
Published: November 2020

Rock müziğin Türkiye’deki etkisi ve görünürlüğü 1980’lerin sonunda geçmiş yıllara oranla daha da artmıştır. Darbe sonrası dönemde siyasetten uzaklaşan gençlerin önemli bir kısmı müziğe tutunmuşlardır. Rock müzik de bu noktada gençlerin ilgi gösterdiği bir alan olarak öne çıkmıştır. Rock müziğe olan tutku, yalnızca bu müziğe olan ilgi ile sınırlı kalmamış, rock bir hayat tarzı olarak gençler arasında yaygınlaşmıştır. İnsanların rock’ı algılama biçimi ise farklılıklar göstermiş ve herkes rock’a farklı anlamlar yüklemiştir. Bazı insanlar rock’ı bir alt kültür olarak kabul etmiş, bazıları ise ona bir karşı kültür anlamı yükleyerek ondan çok daha büyük şeyler beklemişlerdir. Küreselleşmenin uluslar arasındaki akışı güçlendirmesi ile birlikte rock da zaman içinde endüstrileşmiş ve ona kimliğini veren ruhunu kaybetmiştir. Buna ek olarak rock’ın, ona karşı kültür yakıştırması yapılmasını sağlayan muhalif niteliğinin de bozulduğu söylenmiştir. Bu fikirler, rock müzisyenleri ve rock müzik dinleyicileri için paralel olarak gelişmiştir. Bu araştırma, Türkiye’de de belirgin şekilde gelişen bu sürecin daha iyi anlaşılması ihtiyacı olduğu düşüncesiyle yapılmıştır. Araştırma dahilinde, ilgili dönemi bizzat yaşamış ve hâlâ müzik sektöründe çalışan kişilerle mülakatlar yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın teorik altyapı açısından güçlü olması için ise konuyla ilgili literatür detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiş ve geçmişten günümüze uzanan derinlemesine bir analiz yapılmaya çalışılmıştır.
A Prediction Method of Network Security Situation based on QPSO-SVM
Authors: Zhang Jian-an , Luo Hui
Published: November 2020

In network security situation awareness system, situation prediction is the key point. The traditional intrusion detection method lacks scalability in the face of the changing network structure and lacks adaptability in the face of unknown attack types. In order to ensure and improve the accuracy of situation prediction, a QPSO-SVM prediction model is proposed by combining the optimization performance of quantum particle swarm optimization and the prediction accuracy of support vector machines. By adding the original sequence to the original sequence, this model weakens the irregular disturbance in the original sequence and enhances the regularity of the sequence. Compared with the traditional SVM and PSOSVM, the superiority of the prediction precision is better, the prediction accuracy can be ensured, and the validity of the model is tested by the simulation experiment.
Study on human resource allocation efficiency based on DEA analysis
Authors: Bao Guannan , Zeng Fanlei , Wang Mingwei
Published: November 2020

As a new resource, human resource has attracted wide attention in many social fields. The competition of human resource is the competition of productivity between different enterprises. With the reform and opening up, national economy of China continues to develop rapidly. The sound macro-economy and rapidly development of capital market lead the banking industry to have a good development prospect. Whether the human resource allocation of commercial Banks is effective or not has a great impact on the bank earning. This study aims to further clarify the human resource allocation efficiency of banks to improve the efficiency and realize the improvement of bank profits. In this study, computer software was used to calculate the scale efficiency, pure technical efficiency, the change of scale interval and data envelopment analysis (DEA) efficiency of some selected representative banks according to the DEA model. The analysis showed that the DEA scale of many banks could reach the valid value 1, and the human resource allocation efficiency was optimized. The pure technical efficiency of some banks was valid value 1, but the scale efficiency was low and ineffective, which needed to be enlarged appropriately. And the DEA efficiency of some banks was invalid, which was caused by the valid value 1 of the scale efficiency and relatively low pure technical efficiency, and such banks need to make reasonable allocation of human resources.
Optimization of the ground observation
Authors: Mazal Jan , Bruzzone Agostino G. , Kutěj Libor , Scurek Radomir , Zlatník Daniel
Published: November 2020

Increasing dynamics and complexity of the operational environment will have a serious impact on the human performance in various decision-making tasks, which were intuitively solved in the past with vast application of the human experience and estimation. The paper deals with the problem of the area ground observation optimization, which is very common in the wide set of observation tasks and its automation by the UGV’s or other assets. The problem is defined as a minimization of the observation point count within selected area to cover (by observation) the maximum of the target area. The problem solution complexity depends on variety of other assumptions, especially if we consider the observation point in other “tactical” ways, particularly the observation point carry other attributes which plays the role in the chaining of these points within a reconnaissance path.
La investigación con temas sensibles en los Trabajos Fin de Grado en Criminología
Authors: Díaz-Fernández Antonio M. , Del Real Castrillo Cristina
Published: November 2020

Una parte importante de los Trabajos de Fin de Grado (TFG) en Criminología se realizan sobre temas considerados sensibles. Este artículo analiza cómo las primeras promociones de egresados los han llevado a cabo considerando las importantes implicaciones en la seguridad de los participantes y estudiantes, la adecuada gestión de sus sentimientos y emociones, y el riesgo de que un mal desarrollo del trabajo queme el campo para ulteriores promociones. Para el análisis, se analizaron las experiencias de 83 graduados y graduadas en Criminología (43% del universo estimado de los estudiantes de Criminología que habían realizado sus TFG en universidades españolas) en torno a las fases del proceso de investigación desde el inicio del trabajo de campo hasta su finalización. Las respuestas se analizaron conforme a las variables: i) percepción de riesgo, ii) valoración del método de investigación, iii) empleo de medidas de seguridad, iv) relación con el grupo y, v) emociones y sentimientos. La investigación generó una tipología de estudiantes cuyo análisis en profundidad se abordará en futuras investigaciones.
Análisis Conjunto de Configuraciones de Caso: una introducción al Pensamiento Configural
Authors: Hart Timothy C. , Moneva Asier
Published: November 2020

El presente artículo constituye la primera guía paso a paso en castellano para llevar a cabo un Análisis Conjunto de Configuraciones de Caso (Miethe, Troshynski, & Hart, 2008). Este se define como una técnica exploratoria para el análisis multivariado de datos categóricos que supone una alternativa a otros métodos tradicionales. Mediante su desarrollo lógico se pretende mostrar un método sistemático de preparación de datos que permite realizar con ellos una amplia gama de análisis, mostrando tanto las ventajas que brinda como las limitaciones que presenta. Para ilustrar claramente su proceso de aplicación se ha recurrido a dos bases de datos gestionadas por el Instituto de Investigación Social de la Universidad de Michigan: The National Incident Based Reporting System y The Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics. La interpretación de los resultados de esta técnica permite alcanzar conclusiones que pueden tener importantes implicaciones en los distintos procesos de toma de decisiones basados en evidencias.
¿Discrimina el Código Penal español a las mujeres?
Authors: Pedrosa Albert
Published: November 2020

Los datos oficiales muestran que en el contexto español se da una realidad hasta ahora poco conocida: las mujeres reciben proporcionalmente más penas de prisión que los hombres. El objetivo de este artículo es tratar de conocer si esto se debe a un fenómeno de discriminación directa, en tanto ciertos colectivos de mujeres son tratados más punitivamente; o a un fenómeno de discriminación indirecta, si el Código Penal castiga más duramente los delitos cometidos por las mujeres. Para comprobar esto se han analizado datos oficiales sobre imposición de penas y delincuencia conocida para el período 2007-15. Los resultados muestran que el alto porcentaje de penas de prisión impuestas a mujeres puede deberse a la poca libertad que otorga el Código Penal para imponer penas alternativas para delitos leves, especialmente en relación a la delincuencia patrimonial, más cometida por las mujeres, apoyando la existencia de un fenómeno de discriminación indirecta.
El profesorado español ante el maltrato infantil. Estudio piloto sobre variables que influyen en la detección de menores en riesgo
Authors: Vila Rosa , Greco Ana Martina , Loinaz Ismael , Pereda Noemí
Published: November 2020

El profesorado se encuentra en una situación privilegiada para poder detectar el maltrato infantil, pero solo un pequeño porcentaje de los casos conocidos son notificados por las escuelas. Existen protocolos de detección y herramientas para facilitarla, pero aun así la detección por parte del profesorado parece encontrar obstáculos. Este estudio pretende conocer las cifras de detección y notificación en las escuelas e indagar qué variables pueden incidir en ellas. Se realizó un cuestionario auto administrado de 29 preguntas a los 79 tutores de educación infantil y primaria de seis colegios de una ciudad de 16 500 habitantes de Cataluña. Los resultados concluyen que el profesorado considera que no está bien formado y apenas detecta posibles casos de maltrato infantil, pero, en caso de detectarlos, informan a su superior. Variables como la identificación de casos de maltrato sin violencia física y la edad correlacionan con la detección.
Progresar hacia el régimen abierto: la visión de los profesionales
Authors: Ibàñez i Roig Aina
Published: November 2020

Este trabajo explora la problemática de las personas que finalizan su condena de prisión sin una transición escalonada en la comunidad -régimen abierto o libertad condicional. Sus objetivos son conocer porqué hay personas que no finalizan su condena de manera escalonada, qué elementos del modelo pueden dificultarlo y cuáles son las vías más efectivas o las mejores prácticas para mejorar las posibilidades de reinserción de estas personas. Para ello se ha entrevistado a profesionales de distintos colectivos: técnicos de rehabilitación del sistema penitenciario, profesionales que diseñan e implementan las políticas de tratamiento y reinserción, entidades comunitarias que colaboran en este proceso y órganos de control establecidos. Los resultados muestran los ámbitos desde donde se puede influir en los factores de reinserción de quienes terminan la condena en régimen ordinario -sistema, profesión, internos y entorno- y ayudan a reflexionar sobre cómo se pueden modificar o flexibilizar por los profesionales que intervienen.