bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ agonist efatutazone impairs transforming growth factor β2‐induced motility of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor‐resistant lung cancer cells
Authors: Serizawa Masakuni , Murakami Haruyasu , Watanabe Masaru , Takahashi Toshiaki , Yamamoto Nobuyuki , Koh Yasuhiro
Published: April 2014

Epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKI) are effective for non‐small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) with EGFR‐activating mutations. However, most responders develop resistance. Efatutazone, a novel peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist, is currently under clinical evaluation; it has antiproliferative effects and induces cellular morphological changes and differentiation. The present study investigated the effects of efatutazone in EGFR‐TKI‐resistant NSCLC cells, while focusing on cell motility. The PC‐9‐derived NSCLC cell lines PC‐9ER and PC‐9ZD, resistant to EGFR‐TKI due to v‐crk avian sarcoma virus CT10 oncogene homolog‐like (CRKL) amplification‐induced phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/v‐akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT) activation and an EGFR T790M mutation, respectively, were used. These cells exhibit enhanced cell motility due to transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β)/Smad2 family member 2 (Smad2) pathway activation. Efatutazone had no growth‐inhibitory effect on the tested cells but inhibited the motility of EGFR‐TKI‐resistant cells in wound closure and transwell assays. Efatutazone plus erlotinib treatment provided greater inhibition of PC‐9ER cell migration than efatutazone or erlotinib alone. Efatutazone suppressed increased TGF‐β2 secretion from both cell lines (shown by ELISA) and downregulation of TGF‐β2 transcription (observed by quantitative RT‐PCR). Immunoblot analysis and luciferase assays revealed that efatutazone suppressed Smad2 phosphorylation and its transcriptional activity. These results suggest that efatutazone inhibits cell motility by antagonizing the TGF‐β/Smad2 pathway and effectively prevents metastasis in NSCLC patients with acquired resistance to EGFR‐TKI regardless of the resistance mechanism.
Effect of topical diclofenac on postoperative photorefractive keratectomy pain: a randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Eslampoor Alireza , Ehsaei Asieh , Abrishami Mojtaba
Published: April 2014

Background

A major disadvantage of photorefractive keratectomy is postoperative pain and discomfort. This study aims to evaluate whether topical diclofenac 0.1% therapy adds any extra benefit to systemic diclofenac in controlling pain after photorefractive keratectomy.

Design

Prospective randomized, double‐masked clinical trial applied in the Khatam‐al‐Anbia Eye Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Participants

Sixty‐eight individuals (age range, 18–35 years) having bilateral photorefractive keratectomy for myopic correction with or without astigmatism.

Methods

All patients received 100 mg of extended‐release oral diclofenac two times (12‐h interval) before photorefractive keratectomy surgery. Postoperatively, patients were randomized into the case and control groups. Case group was administered the diclofenac 0.1% drop, one drop 2 h preoperatively and four times daily postoperatively for 3 days, whereas the control group was given artificial tears instead.

Main Outcome Measures

Pain level, photophobia and functional activity were evaluated by the patient after operation.

Results

Two days after surgery, no statistically significant difference in pain level was noted between both groups. In addition, photophobia and functional activity was not different between the case and control groups. Eyelid oedema and conjunctival injection levels were significantly higher in the control group (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Administration of topical diclofenac to a standardized postoperative pain regime did not alleviate post‐photorefractive keratectomy pain, although it is effective in local signs like eyelid oedema and conjunctival injection. It can be concluded that oral diclofenac is sufficient in the management of post‐photorefractive keratectomy pain and addition of the topical diclofenac is unnecessary.
COMPARING FEDERAL AND PRIVATE‐SECTOR WAGES WITHOUT LOGS
Authors: Falk Justin R.
Published: April 2014

I use Current Population Survey data from 2005 through 2010 to compare the wages of federal employees and workers in the private sector who have similar observable characteristics. The distribution of wages differed drastically between the federal and private sectors. In particular, I find that federal employees with no more than a high school diploma earned 21% more, on average, than their private‐sector counterparts, whereas those with a professional degree or doctorate earned 23% less. Overall, the average of federal wages was about 2% higher than the average wage of similar private‐sector workers. Other researchers have found larger differences because they used log‐linearized models, which result in comparisons of geometric means. I show that arithmetic means are more relevant in the context of the relationship between a government's compensation policy and its budget. The discrepancy between differences in arithmetic and geometric means occurs because the wages of federal employees were much less dispersed than those of employees with similar characteristics in the private sector. (JEL J31, J38, J45)
Agreement between ultrasound and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry in assessing percentage body fat in college‐aged adults
Authors: Johnson Kelly E. , Miller Brian , Juvancic‐Heltzel Judith A. , Agnor Sarah E. , Kiger Dana L. , Kappler Rachele M. , Otterstetter Ronald
Published: April 2014

Background

The BodyMetrix® BX‐2000 Ultrasound device (ULTRA) shows prowess in being an effective alternative to the expense and technicality of dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). However, this technique has not been investigated using a seven‐site methodology.

Subject/Objective

To employ a cross‐over design to investigate the agreement between ULTRA using a seven‐site methodology and DXA in assessing body fat (%BF) in a normal‐weight sample of college‐age men and women. Methods: Subjects (n = 84, BMI = 23·6 ± 3·6 kg m−², age = 23·0 ± 4·7 years) participated in this study with %BF measurements following the manufacturer's specifications.

Results

Significant differences were observed between methods with ULTRA less than DXA (difference = 4·4 ± 0·8%, t‐statistic = 7·27, P<0·001) with no difference between men and women.

Conclusion

The current study showed that ULTRA using a seven‐site methodology did not agree with DXA in measuring %BF. Thus, this investigational ULTRA methodology might not be appropriate in estimating %BF in this population.
Coordination of proliferation and neuronal differentiation by the retinoblastoma protein family
Authors: Ajioka Itsuki
Published: April 2014

Once neurons enter the post‐mitotic G0 phase during central nervous system (CNS) development, they lose their proliferative potential. When neurons re‐enter the cell cycle during pathological situations such as neurodegeneration, they undergo cell death after S phase progression. Thus, the regulatory networks that drive cell proliferation and maintain neuronal differentiation are highly coordinated. In this review, the coordination of cell cycle control and neuronal differentiation during development are discussed, focusing on regulation by the Rb family of tumor suppressors (including p107 and p130), and the Cip/Kip family of cyclin dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitors. Based on recent findings suggesting roles for these families in regulating neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation, I propose that the Rb family is essential for daughter cells of neuronal progenitors to enter the post‐mitotic G0 phase without affecting the initiation of neuronal differentiation in most cases, while the Cip/Kip family regulates the timing of neuronal progenitor cell cycle exit and the initiation of neuronal differentiation at least in the progenitor cells of the cerebral cortex and the retina. Rb's lack of involvement in regulating the initiation of neuronal differentiation may explain why Rb family‐deficient retinoblastomas characteristically exhibit neuronal features.
Pallidotomy for medically refractory status dystonicus in childhood
Authors: Marras Carlo Efisio , Rizzi Michele , Cantonetti Laura , Rebessi Erika , De Benedictis Alessandro , Portaluri Francesco , Randi Franco , Savioli Alessandra , Castelli Enrico , Vigevano Federico
Published: April 2014

Aim

Status dystonicus is a rare and potentially fatal condition of continuous and generalized muscle contraction that can complicate dystonia. As status dystonicus is usually refractory to traditional pharmacological therapy, alternative and invasive strategies have been developed, but so far there are no guidelines on status dystonicus management. Pallidotomy has shown good results in status dystonicus treatment.

Method

We report indications, surgical strategy, and outcome of bilateral pallidotomy in four pediatric patients (four males; mean age at surgery 11y 5mo) with secondary dystonia, who developed refractory status dystonicus. Pallidotomy was performed in the area corresponding to the mid portion of the globus pallidus internus.

Results

This procedure allowed patients to recover the pre‐status dystonicus condition, controlling dystonic postures and movements of trunk and limbs. Moreover oromandibular dystonia, which is resistant to conservative approaches and deep brain stimulation, was significantly reduced. No postoperative complications were registered.

Interpretation

Our study suggests pallidotomy as a feasible treatment in patients with secondary dystonia complicated by status dystonicus.
Intracardiac Echocardiography of Ebstein's Anomaly
Authors: Dauphin Claire , Chalard Aurélie , Lusson Jean‐René
Published: April 2014

Mini‐Abstract

We report the case of a 9‐year‐old girl with a severe form of Ebstein's anomaly. Intracardiac echocardiography used for guidance in closure of the atrial septal defect (ASD) showed a clear picture of nondelamination of the septal and posterior leaflets of the tricuspid valve.
Ia Diastolic Dysfunction: An Echocardiographic Grade
Authors: Pandit Anil , Mookadam Farouk , Hakim Fayaz A. , Mulroy Eoin , Saadiq Rayya , Doherty Mairead , Cha Stephen , Seward James , Wilansky Susan
Published: April 2014

Objective

To demonstrate that a distinct group of patients with Grade Ia diastolic dysfunction who do not conform to present ASE/ESE diastolic grading exists.

Method and Results

Echocardiographic and demographic data of the Grade Ia diastolic dysfunction were extracted and compared with that of Grades I and II in 515 patients. The mean of age of the cohort was 75 ± 9 years and body mass index did not differ significantly between the 3 groups (P = 0.45). Measurements of left atrial volume index (28.58 ± 7 mL/m2 in I, 33 ± 10 mL/m2 in Ia, and 39 ± 12 mL/m2 in II P < 0.001), isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) (100 ± 17 msec in I, 103 ± 21 msec in Ia, and 79 ± 15 msec in II P < 0.001), deceleration time (248 ± 52 msec in I, 263 ± 58 msec in Ia, and 217 ± 57 msec in II P < 0.001), medial E/e′ (10 ± 3 in I, 18 ± 5.00 in Ia, and 22 ± 8 in II), and lateral E/e′ (8 ± 3 in I, 15 ± 6 in Ia, and 18 ± 9 in II P < 0.001) were significantly different in grade Ia compared with I and II. These findings remained significant even after adjusting for age, gender, diabetes, and smoking.

Conclusion

Patients with echocardiographic characteristics of relaxation abnormality (E/A ratio of <0.8) and elevated filling pressures (septal E/e′ ≥15, lateral E/e′ ≥12, average E/e′ ≥13) should be graded as a separate Grade Ia group.
Incremental Value of Three‐Dimensional over Two‐Dimensional Transthoracic Echocardiography in the Assessment of Cor Triatriatum Sinister in a Child
Authors: Liao Chung P. , Hsiung Ming C. , Yuzbas Burcu , Gok Gulay , Sharma Rohit , Nanda Navin C. , Chen Fong L.
Published: April 2014

A 2.5‐year‐old boy presented with frequent hospitalizations due to recurrent respiratory tract infections with dyspnea. A fibromuscular membrane dividing the left atrium with obstruction of left atrial inflow to the left ventricle was documented by two‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2DTTE). Live/real time three‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3DTTE) provided incremental value over 2DTTE by providing en face views of the 2 obstructing orifices in the membrane enabling accurate assessment of their position, shape and size. 3DTTE also showed clearly the location of the membrane superior and proximal to the left atrial appendage which was not well delineated by 2DTTE. In addition, 3DTTE demonstrated the full extent of the left atrial appendage and careful sequential cropping of the 3D dataset showed it to have 2 distinct lobes and no thrombus. These findings provided comprehensive assessment of the lesion and were helpful in surgical decision making and planning.
Determinants of an Abnormal Septal Curvature in Chronic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: López‐Candales Angel
Published: April 2014

Background

Even though systolic eccentricity index has been traditionally categorized based on right ventricular (RV) pressure overload, which hemodynamic component is particularly responsible for modulating leftward ventricular septal bowing (LVSB) in chronic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is less well‐known.

Methods

Therefore, currently used echocardiographic variables, as suggested by the American Society of Echocardiography, for evaluation of RV performance were evaluated in 60 patients to determine which of these commonly used parameters best determine an abnormal LVSB in chronic PAH patients.

Results

In a stepwise multiple regression analysis of the echocardiographic variables used in this study, elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressures was the best discriminatory variable to identify an abnormal LVSB at any level along the interventricular septum in chronic PAH patients followed by smaller left ventricular end‐diastolic volumes and larger RV end‐systolic areas.

Conclusion

Progressive RV failure in chronic PAH not only is associated with a decline in longitudinal base to apical motion of the annulus; but also with reduced inward displacement of the RV free wall. Additional reduction in RV systolic function also occurs as a result of progressive displacement of the interventricular septum toward the left ventricle. Therefore, as measures of LVSB along the interventricular septum not only are easily obtained and related to RV systolic performance in chronic PAH patients, routine use of these parameters might be helpful in monitoring decline of RV function as well as progression of end‐stage PAH.
Electrical source imaging in cortical malformation–related epilepsy: A prospective EEG‐SEEG concordance study
Authors: Rikir Estelle , Koessler Laurent , Gavaret Martine , Bartolomei Fabrice , Colnat‐Coulbois Sophie , Vignal Jean‐Pierre , Vespignani Herve , Ramantani Georgia , Maillard Louis G.
Published: April 2014

Objective

Delineation of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) in refractory epilepsy related to malformations of cortical development (MCDs) often requires intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, especially in cases of negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or discordant MRI and video‐EEG findings. It is therefore crucial to promote the development of noninvasive methods such as electrical source imaging (ESI). We aimed to (1) analyze the localization concordance of ESI derived from interictal discharges and EZ estimated by stereo‐EEG (SEEG); (2) compare the concordance of ESI, MRI, and electroclinical correlations (ECCs) with SEEG‐EZ; and (3) assess ESI added value in the EZ localization.

Methods

We prospectively analyzed 28 consecutive patients undergoing presurgical investigation for MCD‐related refractory epilepsy in 2009–2012. ESI derived from 64‐channel scalp EEG was interpreted with blinding to, and subsequently compared with, SEEG‐estimated EZ. Anatomic concordance of ESI with SEEG‐EZ was compared with that of video‐EEG and MRI. We further assessed ESI added value to ECC and MRI.

Results

Twelve patients (43%) had temporal and 16 (57%) had extratemporal epilepsy. MRI was negative in 11 (39%) and revealed a cortical malformation in 17 (61%). ESI was fully concordant with the EZ in 10 (36%) and partly concordant in 15 (53%). ECC presented a full and partial concordance with EZ in 11% and 82% of cases, respectively, and MRI in 11% and 46%, respectively. Of 11 patients with negative MRI, ESI was fully concordant with the EZ in 7 (64%) and partly concordant in 4 (36%). ESI correctly confirmed restricted or added localizations to ECC and MRI in 12 (43%) of 28 patients and in 8 (73%) of 11 patients with negative MRI.

Significance

ESI contributes to estimating the EZ in MCD‐related epilepsy. The added value of ESI to ECC is particularly high in patients with MCD and negative MRI, who represent the most challenging cases for epilepsy surgery.

A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section here.
Expression and activity of thimet oligopeptidase (TOP) are modified in the hippocampus of subjects with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE)
Authors: Simões Priscila Santos Rodrigues , Visniauskas Bruna , Perosa Sandra Regina , Yacubian Elza Márcia Targas , Centeno Ricardo , Canzian Mauro , Lopes‐Cendes Iscia , Maurer Morelli Claudia Vianna , Carrete Henrique , Cavalheiro Esper Abrão , Tufik Sergio , Chagas Jair Ribeiro , Naffah Mazzacoratti Maria da Graça
Published: April 2014

Objective

Thimet oligopeptidase (TOP) is a metalloprotease that has been associated with peptide processing in several nervous system structures, and its substrates include several peptides such as bradykinin, amyloid beta (Aβ), and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. As shown previously by our research group, patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) have a high level of kinin receptors as well as kallikrein, a kinin‐releasing enzyme, in the hippocampus.

Methods

In this study, we evaluated the expression, distribution, and activity of TOP in the hippocampus of patients with TLE and autopsy‐control tissues, through reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), enzymatic activity, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. In addition, hippocampi of rats were analyzed using the pilocarpine‐induced epilepsy model. Animals were grouped according to the epilepsy phases defined in the model as acute, silent, and chronic.

Results

Increased TOP mRNA expression, decreased protein levels and enzymatic activity were observed in tissues of patients, compared to control samples. In addition, decreased TOP distribution was also visualized by immunohistochemistry. Similar results were observed in tissues of rats during the acute phase of epilepsy model. However, increased TOP mRNA expression and no changes in immunoreactivity were found in the silent phase, whereas increased TOP mRNA expression and increased enzymatic activity were observed in the chronic phase.

Significance

The results show that these alterations could be related to a failure in the mechanisms involved in clearance of inflammatory peptides in the hippocampus, suggesting an accumulation of potentially harmful substances in nervous tissue such as Aβ, bradykinin, and antigenic peptides. These accumulations could be related to hippocampal inflammation observed in TLE subjects.
Health‐related quality of life, mood, and patient satisfaction after epilepsy surgery in Sweden—A prospective controlled observational study
Authors: Taft Charles , Sager Magnusson Elisabet , Ekstedt Gerd , Malmgren Kristina
Published: April 2014

Objective

To evaluate health‐related quality of life (HRQOL), mood, and patient satisfaction in epilepsy surgery candidates before and 2 years after epilepsy surgery or presurgical investigation.

Methods

In this prospective study of 141 patients, 96 underwent surgery and 45 did not. Questionnaires at baseline and at 2‐year follow‐up included the generic 36‐item Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD), and operated patients answered patient satisfaction questions. SF‐36 scores were compared with scores from a matched sample from the Swedish norm population. Numbers were calculated of patients achieving a minimum important change (MIC) in the SF‐36 Physical Composite Summary (PCS) and Mental Composite Summary (MCS).

Results

At baseline, patients had significantly lower values than the norm on all SF‐36 domains. At follow‐up, operated patients were divided into seizure‐free (International League Against Epilepsy [ILAE] class 1 and 2, n = 53) or with continued seizures (n = 43). No differences in baseline HAD or SF‐36 values were found between these groups. Seizure‐free patients reached the same levels as the norm in all SF‐36 domains except Social Function. Operated patients with continued seizures and nonoperated patients had unchanged scores. Fifty‐one percent of seizure‐free patients had an improvement reaching MIC for PCS and 45% for MCS. Corresponding results for patients with continued seizures were 28% in PCS and 28% in MCS, for nonoperated 33% in PCS and 29% in MCS. HAD anxiety scores improved significantly in only the seizure‐free patients. Of all operated patients, 80% were satisfied with having had surgery and 86% considered that they had benefited, whereas 20% thought that surgery caused some harm.

Significance

In patients who were seizure‐free after epilepsy surgery HRQOL normalized and anxiety decreased. Operated patients overwhelmingly considered epilepsy surgery to be beneficial. Nonetheless, only about half of the seizure‐free patients achieved important HRQOL improvements, suggesting that seizure freedom does not in and of itself guarantee improved patient well‐being.

A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section here.
Interannual variations in atmospheric forcing determine trajectories of hypolimnetic soluble reactive phosphorus supply in a eutrophic lake
Authors: Mackay Eleanor B. , Folkard Andrew M. , Jones Ian D.
Published: April 2014

We tested the hypotheses that variability in soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) loading from the hypolimnion to the epilimnion of a small, eutrophic, temperate zone lake is significant at both interannual and subannual scales, and that this variability is influenced by changes in lake thermal structure. We calculated weekly hypolimnetic fluxes of SRP, during the stratified periods of 2008 and 2009 in Esthwaite Water, U.K., and compared them with the SRP fluxes from external sources.

As a result of variations in the supply of SRP from the hypolimnion, which differed by c. 80% between years, we found a 30% difference in overall SRP loading to the epilimnion between the 2 years. Despite similarities in mean summer meteorological conditions, relatively subtle differences in weather conditions during the midsummer of only 0.7 m s−1 in wind speed and 8 W m−2 in solar radiation between the 2 years resulted in two diverging trajectories of hypolimnetic SRP loading.

In the first year, there was a high thermal lake stability of 102 J m−2 on average, and a relatively shallow epilimnion until the late summer, giving rise to prolonged deep‐water anoxia and a large accumulation of SRP that was mixed into the surface waters at the end of the summer. In contrast, 30% lower thermal stability and 20% deeper epilimnetic mixing in the second year resulted in the arrest and early decline of deep‐water anoxia and SRP accumulation, leading to lower SRP fluxes to the epilimnion.

Understanding this meteorologically driven variability in SRP supply is crucial for predicting nutrient loading in lakes. It is likely to become especially relevant to lakes around the globe for which the importance of internal loading is predicted to increase due to the effects of climate change.
The potential and realized spread of wildfires across Canada
Authors: Wang Xianli , Parisien Marc‐André , Flannigan Mike D. , Parks Sean A. , Anderson Kerry R. , Little John M. , Taylor Steve W.
Published: April 2014

Given that they can burn for weeks or months, wildfires in temperate and boreal forests may become immense (eg., 100– 104 km2). However, during the period within which a large fire is ‘active’, not all days experience weather that is conducive to fire spread; indeed most of the spread occurs on a small proportion (e.g., 1 – 15 days) of not necessarily consecutive days during the active period. This study examines and compares the Canada‐wide patterns in fire‐conducive weather (‘potential’ spread) and the spread that occurs on the ground (‘realized’ spread). Results show substantial variability in distributions of potential and realized spread days across Canada. Both potential and realized spread are higher in western than in eastern Canada; however, whereas potential spread generally decreases from south to north, there is no such pattern with realized spread. The realized‐to‐potential fire‐spread ratio is considerably higher in northern Canada than in the south, indicating that proportionally more fire‐conducive days translate into fire progression. An exploration of environmental correlates to spread show that there may be a few factors compensating for the lower potential spread in northern Canada: a greater proportion of coniferous (i.e., more flammable) vegetation, lesser human impacts (i.e., less fragmented landscapes), sufficient fire ignitions, and intense droughts. Because a linear relationship exists between the frequency distributions of potential spread days and realized spread days in a fire zone, it is possible to obtain one from the other using a simple conversion factor. Our methodology thus provides a means to estimate realized fire spread from weather‐based data in regions where fire databases are poor, which may improve our ability to predict future fire activity.
Mandibular cortical indices on cone‐beam computed tomography images in osteoporotic women on treatment with oral bisphosphonates
Authors: Diniz‐Freitas Márcio , Fernández‐Montenegro Paula , Fernández‐Feijoo Javier , Limeres‐Posse Jacobo , González‐Mosquera Antonio , Vázquez‐García Emma , Diz‐Dios Pedro
Published: April 2014

Objective

To evaluate the mandibular cortical indices in osteoporotic women receiving oral bisphosphonates (oBPs).

Material and methods

The study group included 46 Caucasian women aged over 55 years on treatment with oBPs for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Information recorded included age, weight, height, type of oBP, duration of treatment, comorbid conditions and coadjuvant medication. Forty‐six age‐matched Caucasian women with no known diagnosis of osteoporosis were selected as the control group. All participants underwent cone‐beam computed tomography, and the mandibular cortical width (MCW) and the height from the inferior mandibular border to the mental foramen (MBMF) were measured.

Results

The MBMF was similar in the participants with osteoporosis and in controls. MCW was significantly greater in the participants with osteoporosis than in the controls (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Mandibular cortical width should not be used to predict the risk of bisphosphonate‐associated osteonecrosis of the jaws.
Oral leiomyosarcoma: the importance of early diagnosis
Authors: Suárez‐Alén Fátima , Otero‐Rey Eva , Peñamaría‐Mallón Manuel , García‐García Abel , Blanco‐Carrión Andrés
Published: April 2014

Objective

Present a case clinic of leimyosarcoma.

Background

Leiomyosarcomas (LMSs) are malignant mesenchymal tumours of smooth muscle differentiation that grow rapidly and whose prognosis is dependent upon the tumour site and disease stage. Their location in the oral cavity is considered extremely rare due to the lack of smooth muscle tissue in that area.

Materials and methods

We present an LMSs case of the buccal mucosa in an elderly patient patient with a follow‐up of 4 years.

Conclusion

Early diagnosis and treatment play a key role in a better prognosis.
Renal function status in liver transplant patients in the first month post‐transplant is associated with progressive chronic kidney disease
Authors: Sato Kazushige , Kawagishi Naoki , Fujimori Keisei , Ohuchi Noriaki , Satomi Susumu
Published: April 2014

Aim

Renal dysfunction is a common complication of liver transplantation (LT), related to hepatorenal syndrome with end‐stage liver disease or calcineurin‐inhibitor nephrotoxicity. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is also a common problem in long‐term survivors post‐LT. This study was done to investigate the association between renal functional status soon after LT and the development of CKD.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 63 patients who were aged 18 years or older, and underwent LT at Tohoku University Hospital. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study equation for Japan.

Results

Before transplantation, 25 patients (39.7%) were diagnosed with CKD (eGFR, <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2). The incidence of CKD was 22.4% (13/58) at 2 years, 23.2% (13/56) at 3 years and 22.7% (12/54) at 5 years. The patients with CKD at 2 years post‐transplant were more likely to have a history of glomerulonephritis, and were significantly older at the time of LT, compared to those without CKD. Levels of eGFR of less than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 in the first month post‐transplant and a volume of intraoperative blood loss of more than 300 mL/kg were predictive factors for the development of CKD at 2 years post‐transplant and thereafter.

Conclusion

We have shown that there is an improvement of renal function in the majority of patients after LT. Regardless of the presence of pre‐existing CKD, both renal function status at the first month post‐transplant and a volume of intraoperative blood loss were predictive factors for the development of CKD at 2 years post‐transplant and thereafter.
Pathological prognostic factors in locally advanced rectal carcinoma after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy: analysis of 113 cases
Authors: Sannier Aurélie , Lefèvre Jérémie H , Panis Yves , Cazals‐Hatem Dominique , Bedossa Pierre , Guedj Nathalie
Published: April 2014

Aims

Neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCT) followed by surgical resection is the treatment for locally advanced mid‐rectal or low rectal cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate postoperative histological prognostic factors in a series of surgical specimens after neoadjuvant RCT.

Methods and results

One hundred and thirteen patients were included. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations were performed according to CAP recommendations, with additional criteria such as tumour budding, the presence of calcifications, and response to neoadjuvant therapy assessed according to Modified Rectal Cancer Regression Grade (m‐RCRG). The 3‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) was 67.6%. In univariate analysis, ypTN stage, tumour budding, circumferential margin, invaded margin and vascular and perineural invasion were prognostic factors. In multivariate analysis, the presence of calcifications (P = 0.04) and an involved circumferential margin (P = 0.03) were the only independent factors for worse DFS. mRCRG was not correlated with DFS. Among the 50 m‐RCRG1 tumours, DFS was better in ypT0 patients than in other ypT stages (P = 0.003).

Conclusions

The presence of calcifications in the tumour bed is described for the first time as a prognostic factor in rectal cancer. The prognostic value of budding was demonstrated in this study after neoadjuvant RCT. ypT stage appears to be a more reliable predictor of oncological outcome than histological tumour regression grade, which needs to be standardized for better reproducibility.
Effect of high‐pressure homogenisation on the retention of selected aroma compounds in model dairy emulsions
Authors: Innocente Nadia , Marchesini Giulia , Biasutti Marialuisa
Published: April 2014

The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of high‐pressure homogenisation on the aroma retention of mixed sodium caseinate–whey protein (2% + 2% w/v) emulsions. For this purpose, raw and pasteurised emulsions, with different fat contents (5%, 8% and 15% w/v) and subjected to different homogenisation pressures (0, 18, 100 and 150 MPa), were produced. The retention of seven aroma compounds (hexanal, benzaldehyde, diacetyl, ethyl butyrate, isoamyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate and ethyl octanoate) was evaluated by static headspace gas chromatography. Results showed that aroma release was affected by the presence and the quantity of the lipid phase. As regards homogenisation, an increase in the retention of hexanal with homogenisation pressure was observed and interactions between hexanal and caseinate were suggested. Benzaldehyde showed significant changes in headspace partition with increasing pressure only in the 5% fat content emulsions, whereas no homogenisation effect on aroma retention was observed for diacetyl or esters.
Chemical, antioxidant, functional and thermal properties of rice bran proteins after yeast and natural fermentations
Authors: Chinma Chiemela Enyinnaya , Ilowefah Muna , Shammugasamy Balakrishnan , Ramakrishnan Yogeshini , Muhammad Kharidah
Published: April 2014

The paper focuses on the chemical, antioxidant, functional and thermal properties of rice bran proteins after yeast, natural fermentations and unfermented rice bran. Protein content of yeast‐fermented rice bran protein concentrate (YFRBPC), naturally fermented rice bran protein concentrate (NFRBPC) and unfermented rice protein concentrate (UFRBPC) were 72.50%, 68.92% and 65.73%, respectively, while ash content were 4.72%, 4.61% and 3.04%, respectively. The total amino acids of YFRBPC, NFRBPC and UFRBPC were 123.16, 118.45 and 99.39, respectively. DPPH radical inhibition of YFRBPC, NFRBPC and UFRBPC were 58.62%, 55.29% and 47.14%, respectively, while ferric reducing ability power were 0.73, 0.58 and 0.41 mmol TE per gram, respectively. The highest foam capacity of UFRBPC (57.56%), NFRBPC (64.15%) and YFRBPC (76.00%) was observed at pH 9.0. YFRBPC and NFRBPC were lighter in colour than UFRBPC. YFRBPC had higher denaturation temperature and enthalpy value than NFRBPC and UFRBPC. The β‐sheets structures were more in YFRBPC and NFRBPC than UNFBPC.
Fermentation of blackgram paste: time‐dependent rheological characteristics, modelling and quality attributes of a traditional snack
Authors: Genevieve Koilparambil Sruthi , Bhattacharya Sila
Published: April 2014

The time‐independent and time‐dependent rheological characteristics were determined for blackgram pastes before and after fermentation, and related them with the quality attributes of the fried snack made from these pastes. The circular‐shaped fried snack was characterised for oil content, colour and texture in addition to sensory attributes. The nonfermented as well as fermented pastes of blackgram exhibited time‐independent shear‐thinning behaviour, and obeyed the Hershel–Bulkley model (r ≥ 0.994, P ≤ 0.01). The suitability of two‐ and three‐parameter models to characterise the time‐dependent rheological behaviour of blackgram paste was examined. The snack prepared from fermented paste was softer as evidenced by lower peak shear force of 7.2 N compared to that of nonfermented sample (11.2 N), and showed 30% less oil content compared to that of corresponding nonfermented sample. The present study indicated a pragmatic approach to reduce the oil content in the fried product by employing the process of fermentation.
Simultaneous effects of gelatin and espina corona gum on rheological, physical and sensory properties of cholesterol‐reduced probiotic yoghurts
Authors: Pavón Yanina L. , Lazzaroni Sandra M. , Sabbag Nora G. , Rozycki Sergio D.
Published: April 2014

The effects of gelatin (G) and espina corona gum (ECG) on rheological, physical and sensory properties of cholesterol‐reduced probiotic yoghurts were studied. The results showed that it was possible to efficiently remove the cholesterol (> 85%) and the probiotic microorganism counts were > 7 log10 CFU.g−1. The addition of G decreased flow behaviour index (n), while consistency index (K) increased with the addition of both thickeners. Thixotropy, initial shear stress of the clot to be deformed by mechanical action (A) and destruction rate of the structure (B) were enhanced by increasing G. ECG imparted greater creaminess, less grittiness and less astringency, while G gave more consistency. Both hydrocolloids helped to reduce acid taste and increased water retention index (> 95%). The optimum formulations were: 0.49% G – 0.41% ECG to obtain set yoghurts and 0.01% G – 0.43% ECG for stirred yoghurts, with desirable sensory, rheological and stability characteristics.
Prediction of sensory texture of broiler breast meat using instrumental spectral stress–strain analysis
Authors: Lee Youngseung , Xiong Rui , Meullenet Jean‐François
Published: April 2014

This study was conducted to examine the potential use of the spectral stress–strain analysis (SSSA) in conjunction with Meullenet‐Owens razor shear (MORS) in predicting sensory texture of broiler breast meat. Predictive models for the prediction of broiler breast meat texture were established using the MORS in combination with SSSA. Sensory texture characteristics of broiler breast meat deboned at nine different postmortem times and cooked by two different methods were evaluated by descriptive analysis and consumer testing. For the descriptive sensory attributes except moisture release, SSSA method was found to improve the prediction of water‐cooked breast meat texture by 18.5% in average for full models (FM) or 11.1% in average for jack‐knife optimised models, while the prediction of consumer sensory attributes except just‐about‐right juiciness was improved by 29.2–31.9% in average for FMs or 8.1–3.3% for jack‐knife optimised models for both cooking methods, respectively. Overall, predictive models established by MORS in conjunction with SSSA could be successfully used to improve the estimation of broiler breast meat sensory texture.
Effect of rice ageing and freeze‐thaw cycle on textural properties of cooked rice (Oryza sativaL.) cv. Khao Dawk Mali 105
Authors: Katekhong Wattinee , Charoenrein Sanguansri
Published: April 2014

This study investigated the effect of rice grain ageing (0.7–12 months) and freeze‐thaw 1–5 cycles on the textural properties of cooked rice. The cooked rice from aged rice grains was freezing and thawing up to five cycles. Ageing of the rice grain increased the hardness and decreased the stickiness of the cooked rice. Repeated freeze‐thaw cycles caused an increase in hardness and a decrease in stickiness of aged cooked rice. Scanning electron micrographs showed a rough surface on the cooked rice after repeated freeze‐thaw cycles, especially for cooked rice from rice aged for 12 months. Differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction showed increased starch retrogradation with increased freeze‐thaw cycles. The gelatinisation temperature and gelatinisation enthalpy increased when rice was aged for longer periods. Thus, ageing of rice and the number of freeze‐thaw cycles influence the textural properties of cooked rice.
Characterisation and comparison of phenols, flavonoids and isoflavones of soymilk and their correlations with antioxidant activity
Authors: Ma Yurong , Huang Huihua
Published: April 2014

To investigate the relationship between bioactive compounds and antioxidant property, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), individual and total isoflavone content of soymilk and their correlations with oxygen‐radical‐absorbing capacity (ORAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity values were evaluated and compared. Results showed that TPC, TFC, isoflavones (including concentration and profiles) and antioxidation activity significantly varied among ten tested soybean cultivars. Significant correlations were established between DPPH and TFC (r = 0.553, P < 0.01), DPPH and TPC (r = 0.753, P < 0.01), FRAP and TFC (r = 0.599, P < 0.01) and FRAP and TPC (r = 0.616, P < 0.01). Positive linear correlations were found between subtotal, total isoflavones and ORAC. Unlike other isoflavone monomers, aglycone isoflavones correlated positively with DPPH and FRAP significantly. DPPH well correlated with FRAP, whereas neither DPPH nor FRAP correlated with ORAC. TPC, TFC, individual and total isoflavone values are potentially useful for soymilk antioxidant activity assessment.
One‐stop shops: Increasing employability and overcoming welfare state fragmentation?
Authors: Minas Renate
Published: April 2014

The fragmentation of social security systems has emerged as a policy problem in Western Europe, resulting in the emergence of integrated service models, for example so‐called one‐stop shops. Bridging several policy domains, integrated services can be assumed to affect the institutional structure of benefits and services, such as entitlement criteria, target groups or governance processes. This article focuses on integrated service models that provide benefits and services to unemployed people who are receiving either social assistance or unemployment compensation. Recent reforms in Denmark, Finland, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway and the UK are analysed from both an organisational and a labour market perspective. The analysis shows that integrated service provision entails the risk of introducing stricter work conditionality for broad and vulnerable groups without fulfilling the promises of seamless services.
Dimensions of the impact of urinary incontinence on quality of life of affected women: a review of the English literature
Authors: Seshan Vidya , Muliira Joshua Kanaabi
Published: April 2014

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a condition encountered by many women in their middle ages and although it is not life threatening, it tremendously affects the quality of life (QOL) of affected women. The purpose of this review was to characterize the dimensions of women's QOL affected by UI. A systematic review of published literature reporting about primary studies was conducted using specific Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms: (urinary incontinence) and 1 – (quality of life), 2 – (outcome), 3 – (well‐being), 4 – (health outcomes), 5 – (women), 6 – (social well fair) and 7 – (signs and symptoms). This yielded 545 articles and 12 articles met the inclusion criteria. Searches were conducted from electronic databases including PubMed, CINHAL and SCOPUS. The studies included in the review used different measurements to reach conclusion about the effect of UI on QOL. All the studies emphasized that UI has a negative impact on at least two aspects of the affected woman's QOL. The results of the review show that UI negatively impacts women's QOL in four main dimensions such as physical health, mental health, sexual health and social well‐being. UI negatively impacts affected women's in various aspects of their life and to effectively address their health care needs it requires a multidisciplinary and holistic approach to their health care needs.
Transcriptional activation of antioxidants may compensate for selenoprotein deficiencies in Amblyomma maculatum (Acari: Ixodidae) injected with selK‐ or selM‐dsRNA
Authors: Adamson S. , Browning R. , Singh P. , Nobles S. , Villarreal A. , Karim S.
Published: April 2014

The Gulf‐Coast tick, Amblyomma maculatum, possesses an elaborate set of selenoproteins, which prevent the deleterious effects from oxidative stress that would otherwise occur during feeding. In the current work, we examined the role of selenoprotein K (SelK) and selenoprotein M (SelM) in feeding A. maculatum by bioinformatics, transcriptional gene expression, RNA interference and antioxidant assays. The transcriptional expression of SelK did not vary significantly in salivary glands or midguts throughout the bloodmeal. However, there was a 58‐fold increase in transcript levels of SelM in tick midguts. Ticks injected with selK‐dsRNA or selM‐dsRNA did not reveal any observable differences in egg viability but oviposition was reduced. Surprisingly, salivary antioxidant activity was higher in selenoprotein knockouts compared with controls, which is probably the result of compensatory transcriptional expression of genes involved in combating reactive oxygen species. In fact, quantitative real‐time PCR data suggest that the transcriptional expression of catalase increased in ticks injected with selM‐double‐stranded RNA. Additionally, the transcriptional expression of selN decreased ∼90% in both SelK/SelM knockdowns. These data indicate that SelK and SelM are salivary antioxidants but are not essential for tick survival or reproduction and are compensated by other antioxidant systems.
Suppressive effects of neutrophil bySalp16‐like salivary gland proteins fromIxodes persulcatus Schulze tick
Authors: Hidano A. , Konnai S. , Yamada S. , Githaka N. , Isezaki M. , Higuchi H. , Nagahata H. , Ito T. , Takano A. , Ando S. , Kawabata H. , Murata S. , Ohahsi K.
Published: April 2014

Salp16, a 16‐kDa tick salivary gland protein, is known to be the molecule involved in the transmission ofAnaplasma phagocytophilum, an obligate intracellular pathogen causing zoonotic anaplasmosis, from its mammalian hosts toIxodes scapularis.Recently, the presence ofA. phagocytophilumwas documented inJapan andIxodes persulcatuswas identified as one of its vectors. The purpose of this study was to identifySalp16genes inI. persulcatusand characterize their function. TwocDNAclones encoding theSalp16‐like sequences were obtained from the salivary glands of fed femaleI. persulcatusticks and designatedSalp16Iper1andIper2. Gene expression analyses showed that theSalp16Ipergenes were expressed specifically in the salivary glands and were up‐regulated by blood feeding. These proteins attenuated the oxidative burst of activated bovine neutrophils and inhibited their migration induced by the chemoattractant interleukin‐8 (IL‐8). These results demonstrate thatSalp16Iper proteins contribute to the establishment of blood feeding as an immunosuppressant of neutrophil, an essential factor in innate host immunity. Further examination of the role ofSalp16Iper in the transmission of pathogens, includingA. phagocytophilum, will increase our understanding of the tick–host–pathogen interface.
Relationships between A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza infection and infections with other respiratory viruses
Authors: Meningher Tal , Hindiyeh Musa , Regev Liora , Sherbany Hilda , Mendelson Ella , Mandelboim Michal
Published: April 2014

Background

A(H1N1)pdm09, a new influenza pandemic virus emerged in 2009. The A(H1N1)pdm09 infection had several unique characteristics which included rapid transmissibility and high morbidity in obese individuals, pregnant women and individuals suffering from chronic diseases.

Objectives

To study the relationships between A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza infection and infections with other respiratory viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumo virus (hMPV), adenovirus and seasonal influenza.

Methods

Samples (nasopharyngeal swabs or aspirates) collected between 2007 until 2012 from patients of various ages that were hospitalized due to respiratory virus infections were analyzed for the presence of various respiratory viruses, using qRT‐PCR.

Results

In 2009–2010, when the pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 first appeared, two major infection peaks were noted and individuals of various ages were infected. Following the decline of the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection, the percentages of patients infected with adenovirus and hMPV increased, while infection frequency with RSV B and with seasonal influenza virus decreased. Furthermore, RSV infections were delayed and very few percentages of patients were co‐infected with more than one virus. Interestingly, the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus lost its dominancy when it reappeared in the winter of 2010–2011, and at this time, only the incidence of RSV infections was affected by the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus.

Conclusions

The A(H1N1)pdm09 virus had distinct effects on other respiratory viruses when it first appeared versus later, when it evolved from being a pandemic to a seasonal virus.