bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The application of machine learning in nanoparticle treated water: A review
Authors: Ngu Joyce Chen Yen , Chan Mieow Kee , Yeo Wan Sieng , Nandong Jobrun
Published: April 2023

Pollution from industrial effluents and domestic waste are two of the most common sources of environmental pollutants. Due to the rising population and manufacturing industries, large amounts of pollutants were produced daily. Therefore, enhancements in wastewater treatment to render treated wastewater and provide effective solutions are essential to return clean and safe water to be reused in the industrial, agricultural, and domestic sectors. Nanotechnology has been proven as an alternative approach to overcoming the existing water pollution issue. Nanoparticles exhibit high aspect ratios, large pore volumes, electrostatic properties, and high specific surfaces, which explains their efficiency in removing pollutants such as dyes, pesticides, heavy metals, oxygen-demanding wastes, and synthetic organic chemicals. Machine learning (ML) is a powerful tool to conduct the model and prediction of the adverse biological and environmental effects of nanoparticles in wastewater treatment. In this review, the application of ML in nanoparticle-treated water on different pollutants has been studied and it was discovered that the removal of the pollutants could be predicted through the mathematical approach which included ML. Further comparison of ML method can be carried out to assess the prediction performance of ML methods on pollutants removal. Moreover, future studies regarding the nanotoxicity, synthesis process, and reusability of nanoparticles are also necessary to take into consideration to safeguard the environment.
The effect of defatted black soldier fly (Hermentia illucens) meal inclusion in the formulated feed on the pellet stability at different salinity levels
Authors: Saputra Ishaaq , Fotedar Ravi
Published: April 2023

Black soldier fly (Hermentia illucens) meal has become a promising alternative substitution of fishmeal as protein resources in aquafeeds. However, the effect of defatted BSF meal inclusion on the juvenile lobster feed stability have not been assessed. The present study is aimed to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of defatted BSF meal (25, 35 and 50 % replacement), the salinity level of seawater (30 and 35 ppt) and the immersion time (15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes) on the pellet stability of formulated feed for juvenile lobster. The pellet stability was determined by calculate the dry matter loss of the feed (wet durability test). Results has shown that the dry matter loss of the feed ranged from 3.17 ± 0.03 % to 4.87 ± 0.26 % for the salinity of 30 ppt, and 3.27 ± 0.04 % to 4.46 ± 0.66 % for the salinity of 35 ppt. The dry matter loss was affected by the levels of defatted BSF inclusion level, the salinity, and the immersion time. The means of dry matter loss in formulated feeds were conversely affected by the salinity level and consistent in all formulated feeds. The means of dry matter loss in BSF25, BSF35 and BSF50 feed were significantly affected by the immersion time (P<0.05). At the salinity 30 ppt, significant differences of dry matter loss were observed after 120 minutes of immersion. Meanwhile, at 35 ppt the significant differences of dry matter loss were observed after 60 minutes after immersion. Significant differences (P<0.05) of dry matter loss were observed in the feed with the inclusion level of BSF of more than 25%. In conclusion the dry matter loss of formulated feeds for juvenile lobster is affected by the inclusion level of the defatted BSF, the salinity levels and the immersion times at acceptable level.
Performance Enhancement of VAWT using Diffuser for Energy Extraction from Cooling Tower Exhaust Air
Authors: Singh Enderaaj , Roy Sukanta , San Yam Ke , Chiat Law Ming
Published: April 2023

Renewable energy generation need to be accelerated to battle climate change and depletion of fossil fuel resources. Innovation to design wind recovery system which are efficient is vital to contribute green energy production. Many advancements in vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) were made over the years however, it is still not as efficient as conventional turbines, and some countries does not have the luxury of strong consistent wind throughout the year. Therefore, this study focuses on extracting wind energy from unnatural sources, specifically for cooling tower exhaust air energy recovery. In this study, cycloidal diffuser with different shroud lengths was used to study the performance of a 3-bladed H-Darrieus VAWT (HDWT) with S-1046 airfoils under accelerated wind conditions in a 3-dimensional numerical study using shear stress transport k-ω turbulence model. The cycloidal diffuser with shroud length of 0.48D increased the HDWT power coefficient by 26.66% compared to the bare HDWT at tip speed ratio of 2.0. Aerodynamics around the energy extractor system was also discussed and this investigation has provided good understanding of the flow behaviour of the wind augmented HDWT under cooling tower exhaust air.
A comparison study between different kernel functions in the least square support vector regression model for penicillin fermentation process
Authors: Malang Jameson , Yeo Wan Sieng , Chua Zhen Yang , Nandong Jobrun , Saptoro Agus
Published: April 2023

Soft sensors are becoming increasingly important in our world today as tools for inferring difficult-to-measure process variables to achieve good operational performance and economic benefits. Recent advancement in machine learning provides an opportunity to integrate machine learning models for soft sensing applications, such as Least Square Support Vector Regression (LSSVR) which copes well with nonlinear process data. However, the LSSVR model usually uses the radial basis function (RBF) kernel function for prediction, which has demonstrated its usefulness in numerous applications. Thus, this study extends the use of non-conventional kernel functions in the LSSVR model with a comparative study against widely used partial least square (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR) models, measured with root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and error of approximation (Ea) as the performance benchmark. Based on the empirical result from the case study of the penicillin fermentation process, the Ea of the multiquadric kernel (MQ) is lowered by 63.44% as compared to the RBF kernel for the prediction of penicillin concentration. Hence, the MQ kernel LSSVR has outperformed the RBF kernel LSSVR. The study serves as empirical evidence of LSSVR performance as a machine learning model in soft sensing applications and as reference material for further development of non-conventional kernels in LSSVR-based models because many other functions can be used as well in the hope to increase the prediction accuracy.
The Antecedents of Facebook Brand Page Engagement in Public Relations
Authors: Morshed Ahmed Fahim , lee Goi Chai , Adamu Adamu Abbas
Published: April 2023

Social media has increased the integration of marketing and PR. Consequently, due to this transition, businesses increasingly value customer relations above transactional marketing through social media brand pages communication. However, according to recent research, a practical problem has been identified: despite the significance of social media in marketing and communication, there is a lack of understanding among PR practitioners about how to successfully and strategically communicate via social media. PR practitioners still use social media asymmetrically and as promotional or advertising tools rather than for forming relationships with the public, which creates a lack of engagement. Secondly, a recent empirical study showed that humanise interaction can create customer and brand engagement through social media brand pages. Hence, recent public relations and social media-related research did not focus on humanised interaction influencing people to engage on brands’ social media Facebook pages. Thirdly, consumer brand engagement on social media was researched for several years. Furthermore, recent research conceptualised consumer engagement and brand engagement and called it social media brand engagement. Hence, social media brand engagement does not conceptualise or analyse humanised interaction and two-way symmetrical communication in computer-mediated communication in public relations related literature. Moreover, it is unclear how humanise interaction to create customer engagement through social media brand pages. This study aims to fill the research gap by providing a clear picture of how humanising interaction (as an antecedent) creates brand engagement and how to maintain a two-way communication strategy (as an antecedent) to maintain effective communication and build relationships. To answer these questions, this study conceptualises and develops a research framework where conversational human voice from relational maintenance theory and two-way symmetrical communication from excellence theory are taken as the antecedents of social media brand engagement.
A multi-field coupling simulation model for the centrifugal pump system
Authors: Dong Lie-Yi , Shuai Zhi-Jun , Yu Tao , Jian Jie , Guo Yi-Bin , Li Wan-You
Published: April 2023

In this paper, a multi-field coupling simulation model, including the motor, shaft, and pump, is established to analyze the motor's influence and the shaft on the pump's operating status. First of all, different forms of simulation calculation models are established according to each device's characteristics. Then, the Predictor-Corrector Newmark-β method (PC Newmark-β method) is used to calculate the operating status of the motor, shaft, and pump under mutual influence. Finally, the validity of the simulation model is verified by comparing the experimental data. The results show that the centrifugal pump, shaft, and motor should be viewed as a complete system to analyze. The torque and speed of different equipment are interrelated and influenced. In addition, the dynamic characteristics of the shaft will also cause the fluctuation of the pump's operating speed. The fluctuation of the centrifugal pump impeller's rotational speed further affects the characteristics of the pressure pulsation on the wall of the centrifugal pump, which is finally reflected in the vibration characteristics of the pump casing.
Reliability evaluation of electromechanical braking system of mine hoist based on fault tree analysis and Bayesian network
Authors: Jin Huawei , Wang Xu , Xu Huwei , Chen Zhuqi
Published: April 2023

Electromechanical braking system is the key way to improve the braking response ability of mine hoist. At present, the reliability research of electromechanical braking system is less. In order to further analyze and improve the reliability of electro-mechanical braking system, this paper adopts the reliability analysis method of electro-mechanical braking system based on fault tree and Bayesian network. Firstly, the fault tree of the electro-mechanical braking system is established, and then the fault tree is transformed into a Bayesian network, and the posterior probability, probability importance and key importance of each root node are inversely deduced. The diagnosis results show that the ball screw is the weakest link of the electro-mechanical braking system. Then the static simulation and fatigue life simulation of the ball screw are carried out for optimization, and the optimal model of the ball screw is determined. Finally, the electro-mechanical brake installed with the optimized ball screw is tested and analyzed. After the reliable performance test of the electro-mechanical brake, it is finally determined that the braking effect of the optimized electro-mechanical brake is stable.
Laboratory Workup of Hypereosinophilia
Authors: Sundaresan Durga Devi , Sreedharanunni Sreejesh
Published: April 2023

Hypereosinophilia (HE) can be caused by a wide variety of non-hematologic (secondary or reactive) and hematologic (primary, clonal) disorders. Diagnosing hypereosinophilia/hypereosinophilic syndrome (HE/HES) is challenging due to the complex nature of disease manifestations and numerous underlying etiologies. Knowing that only rare cases are clonal, it is wise to rule out reactive conditions and proceed with molecular and other advanced tools. The exclusion of secondary causes needs a detailed clinical evaluation followed by a wide range of serological and imaging investigations. Once reactive eosinophilia has been ruled out, the diagnosis of primary HE/HES is made using a combination of morphologic examination of the blood and bone marrow, conventional cytogenetics, fluorescent in situ hybridization, flow-cytometry, and T-cell clonality evaluation to look for histopathologic or clonal evidence of an underlying hematological disorder. The accurate diagnosis of clonal eosinophilia-causing myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms and the identification of numerous gene rearrangements significantly enhance patient outcomes, because a proportion of these patients (such as PDGFRA and PDGFRB rearrangements) responds well to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Considering the complex etiopathologies, the cost of testing, and the time involved, the workup needs to be tailored according to the urgency of the situation and the resources available. In urgent situations with organ damage, it is crucial to initiate appropriate management without waiting for the results of investigations. In contrast, in a resource-limited situation, it is acceptable to employ step-by-step rather than comprehensive testing to rule out the most common causes first. Here, we discuss various laboratory investigations employed in diagnosing HE/HES, highlighting their importance in different situations.
The Care of Childhood Cancer Survivors in India: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Prasad Maya , Goswami Savita , Kurkure Purna A.
Published: April 2023

Purpose We describe the challenges faced and lessons learnt over three decades of a childhood cancer survivorship program in India.

Methods We provide a descriptive analysis of the challenges and barriers faced in running this program, our strategies in management, and detail the stages of development of holistic support system.

Results The profile of late effects in our cohort of survivors is notable for the high prevalence of psychosocial issues and metabolic syndrome. Major difficulties faced were transitioning of patients to survivorship care and attrition to follow-up, which were overcome to an extent by ensuring constant communication/rapport-building, updated databases, and peer support groups. Collaborations with nonprofit organizations and other donors have enabled financial, psychosocial, educational, and vocational rehabilitation.

Conclusions It is feasible to establish and sustain a survivorship program in a large-volume center in low- and medium-income country. Understanding the unique spectrum of late effects and establishing a holistic support system go a long way in ensuring the long-term physical and mental health and psychosocial concerns of childhood cancer survivors. Decentralization, development of a strong national networks, capacity building, and incorporation of sustainable technology should be priorities in survivorship care.
Molecular MRD Assessment in Acute Myeloid Leukemias
Authors: Harankhedkar Shivangi , Patkar Nikhil
Published: April 2023

Detection of measurable residual disease (MRD) is of significant value in the management of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Along with multicolor flowcytometry (MFC), molecular techniques form an integral tool in AML MRD detection. Multiple studies have reiterated the role of molecular MRD evaluation in AML at defined timepoints during the course of therapy, helping in risk stratification, prediction of relapse, and as guide for pre-emptive therapy. The latest World Health Organization (WHO) classification (WHO-HEME5) has refined the classification of AML bringing forth newer entities defined by molecular abnormalities, especially fusions. AML is a clonally heterogeneous disease characterized by a spectrum of multiple molecular abnormalities including gene mutations and fusions. Accordingly, the molecular methods employed are also diverse and need robust technical standardization in clinical laboratories. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), digital PCR, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) are the major molecular platforms for AML MRD. The European LeukemiaNet (ELN) MRD Working Party consensus document recently updated in 2021 for the first time has reflected on the technical recommendations for NGS MRD in AML and stressed the value of an integrated approach. It is, therefore, desirable for physicians, scientists, and pathologists alike to thoroughly understand these molecular methods for appropriate utilization and interpretation. In this article, we discuss the various facets of molecular methods for MRD detection in AML including technical requirements, advantages, drawbacks, and applications.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Pierre Robin Sequence and Its Prognosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhong ChunYan , Xie Zhaopeng , Dong Hongmei , Chen Ting , Zhang Xiaohang , Ran SuZhen
Published: April 2023

Objective This study aimed to explore the efficiency of ultrasound (US) in prenatal diagnosis and prognosis of Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) of 18 cases.

Study Design A total of 79,305 women admitted for prenatal US examinations were recruited from January 2017 to December 2020. Eighteen cases of PRS fetuses were selected form the cohort and 40 cases of isolated micrognathia were recruited randomly as control group. All the clinical and imaging results were retrospectively reviewed. General condition, US measurements, and prognosis of fetuses were compared between groups.

Results Cleft palate, glossoptosis, and micrognathia were found in all 18 fetuses with PRS by prenatal US. Compared with the isolated micrognathia group, there were no significant differences in the PRS group in examination of maternal age, gestational weeks at assessment, and gender of fetuses, but significant lower measures in inferior facial angle, jaw index, and frontal nasal–mental angle (each p < 0.05). Twelve fetuses were defined to have other associated malformations. Ear malformations were the most common associated malformations with a prevalence of 44.4% (8/18). All of the18 cases were confirmed with PRS after delivery or autopsy. Two delivered infants were found bucking easily, one baby was spitting up frequently but growth showed normal.

Conclusion Prenatal detection of PRS with US examination is highly efficient. Even with the triad of malformations, isolated PRS had good outcomes following initial stabilization and management in the neonatal period. Prenatal detection of Pierre Robin syndrome with targeted US examination is efficient in discerning characteristics of this rare syndrome. Even with the triad of malformations, isolated PRS had good outcomes following initial stabilization and management in the neonatal period.

Key Points
The Pitfalls of Global Hemostasis Assays in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms and Future Challenges
Authors: Tiu Andrew , Chiasakul Thita , Kessler Craig M.
Published: April 2023

Venous and arterial thromboembolism are major complications of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), comprising polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Global hemostasis assays, including thrombin generation assay (TGA), rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM), and thromboelastography (TEG), have been proposed as biomarkers to assess the hypercoagulability and thrombotic risk stratification in MPNs. We performed a systematic literature review on the parameters of TGA, ROTEM, and TEG and their association with thrombotic events and treatment strategies in MPNs. Thirty-two studies (all cross-sectional) were included, which collectively enrolled 1,062 controls and 1,608 MPN patients. Among the 13 studies that reported arterial or venous thrombosis, the overall thrombosis rate was 13.8% with 6 splanchnic thromboses reported. Out of the 27 TGA studies, there was substantial heterogeneity in plasma preparation and trigger reagents employed in laboratory assays. There was a trend toward increased peak height among all MPN cohorts versus controls and higher endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) between ET patients versus controls. There was an overall trend toward lower ETP between PV and PMF patients versus. controls. There were no substantial differences in ETP between JAK2-positive versus JAK2-negative MPNs, prior history versus negative history of thrombotic events, and among different treatment strategies. Of the three ROTEM studies, there was a trend toward higher maximum clot firmness and shorter clot formation times for all MPNs versus controls. The three TEG studies had mixed results. We conclude that the ability of parameters from global hemostasis assays to predict for hypercoagulability events in MPN patients is inconsistent and inconclusive. Further prospective longitudinal studies are needed to validate these biomarker tools so that thrombotic potential could be utilized as a primary endpoint of such studies.
Role of Molecular Targeted Therapeutic Drugs in Treatment of Glioblastoma: A Review Article
Authors: Singh Himanshu
Published: April 2023

Glioblastoma is remarkably periodic primary brain tumor, characterizing an eminently heterogeneous pattern of neoplasms that are utmost destructive and threatening cancers.

An enhanced and upgraded knowledge of the various molecular pathways that cause malignant changes in glioblastoma has resulted in advancement of numerous biomarkers and the interpretation of various agents that pointedly target tumor cells and microenvironment. In this review, literature or information on various targeted therapy for glioblastoma is discussed. English language articles were scrutinized in plentiful directory or databases like PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Sciences, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The important keywords used for searching databases are “Glioblastoma,” “Targeted therapy in glioblastoma,” “Therapeutic drugs in glioblastoma,” and “Molecular targets in glioblastoma.”
The rationality of adaptive decision-making and the feasibility of optimal growth planning
Authors: Sakaki Shungo
Published: April 2023

Rationality, the premise of economics, is an ideal behavioral norm. In the real world, however, intertemporal decision-making is based on adaptive behavioral principles from companies to individual households. It bases on managerial accounting procedures, whereby action plans are formulated and implemented, differences from actual results are recognized, and revisions accumulate over time. We take the intertemporal decision-making problem of households’ consumption/saving (investment) planning in this paper. And we compare the validity of rationality and adaptability as decision-making principles. First, rational decision-making in the optimal growth model leads to a unique path. However, optimal growth planning is practically unstable on the saddle-point path and can only realize if it assumes rationality leading to perfect foresight. On the other hand, the growth paths guided by budget-controlled adaptive decision-making are diverse and distributed in the myriad around the optimal growth path. This redundancy creates stability in the management and operation of the plan. Because through the trial-and-error process of planning and actual comparison, we can implement a more advantageous plan while allowing for multiple next-best goals, including the optimal growth path. Moreover, the numerical results show that the sequentially adaptive consumption/investment planning is comparable to the optimal growth plan on a social welfare basis calculated by accumulating consumption utility and is practically manageable. For example, paths that exceed 0.9 as a ratio to the optimal growth plan are reachable from the initial planning stage at a ratio of 0.58. Based on the above results, we can now analyze intertemporal economic problems with this realistic, practical, and simple method, replacing dynamic optimization ones.
Superconducting single-photon detectors fabricated via a focused electron beam-induced deposition process
Authors: Steinhauer Stephan , Iovan Adrian , Gyger Samuel , Zwiller Val
Published: April 2023

Superconducting detectors have become essential devices for high-performance single-photon counting over a wide wavelength range with excellent time resolution. Detector fabrication typically relies on resist-based lithography processes, which can limit possibilities for device integration, e.g., on unconventional substrates. Here, we demonstrate a resist-free fabrication route for realizing superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors based on focused electron beam-induced deposition. Utilizing direct writing of a Pt–C mask, we achieved nanowire meanders with linewidths below 100 nm, operated them as superconducting devices for the detection of visible and near-infrared photons, and showed detector integration on side-polished optical fibers. Being compatible with device fabrication on curved irregular surfaces, our approach could enable superconducting detector integration in complex configurations.
The influence of component defect states on bandgaps of 2D composite beam frame structures
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Wang Qin , Su Yu , Tian Junwei , Wang Xingang , Wang Shoumin
Published: April 2023

This paper investigates the vibration bandgap properties of two-dimensional (2D) periodic composite beam frame structures with component defects. Combined with the topological characteristics of the structure, a generalized position coordinate system is proposed, and an assembly method of the stiffness matrix for the virtual full component model is presented. Then the spectral equations of motion of the whole 2D periodic composite beam frame structures and the ones with component defects are established. Compared with the frequency-domain solutions calculated using the finite element method, the accuracy and the feasibility of the spectral element method (SEM) solutions are verified. It can be shown that the SEM is suitable for analyzing the vibration bandgap properties, and the influence of different component defects and their combination on the bandgap characteristics of 2D periodic frame structures is studied. The results show that forbidden gap splitting will occur in the main bandgap of the structure, but the degree of influence varies. The results also show that the influence of component defects on unsymmetrical or irregular positions of the vibration bandgaps of periodic frame structures is greater than the one in symmetrical or regular positions.
Melatonin improves the ability of spermatozoa to bind with oocytes in the mouse
Authors: Liu YaNan , Zhang YuSheng , Wang ZeLin , Teng Zi , Zhu Peng , Xie MeiNa , Liu FuJun , Liu XueXia
Published: April 2023

Context and aims Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant regulating various biological functions, including alleviating male reproductive damage under pathological conditions. Here, we aim to analyse the effect of melatonin on normal male reproduction in mice. Methods Male mice received an intraperitoneal injection of melatonin (10 mg/kg body weight) for 35 consecutive days. The testis and epididymis morphology, and epididymal sperm parameters were examined. PCNA, HSPA2, SYCP3, ZO-1 and CYP11A1 expressions in epididymis or testis were detected by immunohistochemistry or Western blotting. Male fertility was determined by in vivo and in vitro fertilisation (IVF) experiments. The differentially expressed sperm proteins were identified by proteomics. Key results No visible structural changes and oxidative damage in the testis and epididymis, and no significant side effects on testis weight, testosterone levels, sperm motility, and sperm morphology were observed in the melatonin-treatment group compared with the control group. Spermatogenesis-related molecules of PCNA, SYCP3, ZO-1, and CYP11A1 showed no significant differences in melatonin-treated testis. However, PCNA and HSPA2 increased their expressions in the epididymal initial segments in the melatonin-treatment group. Normal sperm fertilisation, two-cell and blastocyst development were observed in the melatonin-treated group, but melatonin significantly enhanced the sperm binding ability characterised as more sperm binding to one oocyte (control 7.2 ± 1.3 versus melatonin 11.8 ± 1.5). Sperm proteomics demonstrated that melatonin treatment enhanced the biological process of cell adhesion in sperm. Conclusions and implications This study suggests that melatonin can promote sperm maturation and sperm function, providing important information for further research on the physiological function and protective effect of melatonin in male reproduction.
Simultaneously enhanced photon blockades in two microwave cavities via driving a giant atom
Authors: Zheng Chang-Mei , Zhang Wei , Wang Dong-Yang , Han Xue , Wang Hong-Fu
Published: April 2023

We propose a scheme to enhance photon blockades simultaneously in two microwave cavities connected by a giant atom. In the case that only one cavity is weakly driven, we observe that the enhanced photon blockades occur in both cavities at the same time, which is attributed to the anharmonic eigenenergy spectrum constructed by the resonantly coupled giant atom. When the cavity and the atom are simultaneously driven, the stronger photon blockades in two cavities can be successfully achieved by the destructive quantum interference of two-photon excitation. Interestingly, we find that high single-photon occupations can be obtained in both cases. Moreover, we give the optimal conditions for conventional and unconventional photon blockades through analytical calculations, which are in good agreement with numerical results. Our scheme opens a prospective path to achieve simultaneous photon blockades in two indirectly coupled cavities, and provides a promising method to generate the high-quality and brightness single photon source.
Multi-messenger constraints on Abelian-Higgs cosmic string networks
Authors: Hindmarsh Mark , Kume Jun'ya
Published: April 2023

Nielsen-Olesen vortices in the Abelian-Higgs (AH) model are the simplest realisations of
cosmic strings in a gauge field theory. Large-scale numerical solutions show that the dominant
decay channel of a network of AH strings produced from random initial conditions is classical
field radiation. However, they also show that with special initial conditions, loops of string
can be created for which classical field radiation is suppressed, and which behave like Nambu-Goto (NG) strings with a dominant decay channel into gravitational radiation. This indicates that
cosmic strings are generically sources of both high-energy particles and gravitational waves.
Here we adopt a simple parametrisation of the AH string network allowing for both particle and
gravitational wave production. With a reference to a specific model for NG-like loop distribution,
this sets the basis for a “multi-messenger” investigation of this model. We find that, in order
to explain the NANOGrav detection of a possible gravitational wave background, while satisfying
the constraint on NG-like loop production from simulations and bounds from the cosmic microwave
background, the tension of the AH string in Planck units Gμ and the fraction of the NG-like
loops f
NG should satisfy Gμ
f
NG
2.6 ≳ 3.2 × 10-13 at 95% confidence. On
the other hand, for such string tensions, constraints from the diffuse gamma-ray background (DGRB)
indicate that more than 97% of the total network energy should be converted to dark matter (DM)
or dark radiation. We also consider joint constraints on the annihilation cross-section, the
mass, and the relic abundance of DM produced by decays of strings. For example, for a DM mass of
500 GeV, the observed relic abundance can be explained by decaying AH strings that also account
for the NANOGrav signal.
Separability criteria based on a class of symmetric measurements
Authors: Lai Lemin , Luo Shunlong
Published: April 2023

Highly symmetric quantum measurements, such as mutually unbiased measurements (MUMs) and general symmetric informationally complete positive-operator-valued measures (GSIC-POVMs), play an important role in both foundational and practical aspects of quantum information theory. Recently, a broad class of symmetric measurements were introduced [K Siudzińska, (2022) Phys. Rev. A
105, 042209], which can be viewed as a common generalization of MUMs and GSIC-POVMs. In this work, the role of these symmetric measurements in entanglement detection is studied. More specifically, based on the correlation matrices defined via (informationally complete) symmetric measurements, a separability criterion for arbitrary dimensional bipartite systems is proposed. It is shown that the criterion is stronger than the method provided by Siudzińska, meanwhile, it can unify several popular separability criteria based on MUMs or GSIC-POVMs. Furthermore, using these (informationally complete) symmetric measurements, two efficient criteria are presented to detect the entanglement of tripartite quantum states. The detection power and advantages of these criteria are illustrated through several examples.
Cross-correlation Forecast of CSST Spectroscopic Galaxy and MeerKAT Neutral Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Surveys
Authors: Jiang Yu-Er , Gong Yan , Zhang Meng , Xiong Qi , Zhou Xingchen , Deng Furen , Chen Xuelei , Ma Yin-Zhe , Yue Bin
Published: April 2023

Cross-correlating the data on neutral hydrogen (H i) 21 cm intensity mapping with galaxy surveys is an effective method to extract astrophysical and cosmological information. In this work, we investigate the cross-correlation of MeerKAT single-dish mode H i intensity mapping and China Space Station Telescope (CSST) spectroscopic galaxy surveys. We simulate a survey area of ∼300 deg2 of MeerKAT and CSST surveys at z = 0.5 using Multi-Dark N-body simulation. The PCA algorithm is applied to remove the foregrounds of H i intensity mapping, and signal compensation is considered to solve the signal loss problem in H i-galaxy cross power spectrum caused by the foreground removal process. We find that from CSST galaxy auto and MeerKAT-CSST cross power spectra, the constraint accuracy of the parameter product ΩH I
b
H I
r
H I,g
can reach ∼1%, which is about one order of magnitude higher than the current results. After performing the full MeerKAT H i intensity mapping survey with 5000 deg2 survey area, the accuracy can be enhanced to <0.3%. This implies that the MeerKAT-CSST cross-correlation can be a powerful tool to probe the cosmic H i property and the evolution of galaxies and the Universe.
Bi-metal Sulfides Embedded in MOF-derived N-doped Carbon Polyhedral Nanocages for High-performance Lithium-ion Batteries
Authors: Cai Yangbo , Wu Chenyu , Wang Xiuzhen , Kong Wei
Published: April 2023

The high rate and long life performance of the lithium ion batteries are affected by serious volume change and low conductivity of the active electrode material during the charging and discharging. Herein, bimetal sulfides embedded in N-doped carbon polyhedral nanocages (SnS@CoS@NCNTs) are successfully designed by employing porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as precursors. Benefiting from the abundant active sites of metal sulfide, the catalytic properties of CoS, and the high conductivity of porous carbon, SnS@CoS@NCNTs electrode materials exhibit excellent performance. The electrode delivers the initial specific capacity of 1112 mA·h·g−1 and the remarkable capacity of nearly 440 mA·h·g−1 after 300 cycles in current density of 1 A·g−1, which may be caused by the synergistic effect of bimetal sulfides and N-doped carbon polyhedral nanocages to enhance the structural stability and ion/electron conductivity. This work provides a feasible method for constructing bimetal-sulfide/carbon composites with excellent electrochemical performance.
Study on the Influence of the Tube Bundle Arrangement on the Performance of Condenser in Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Yan Dong , Sun Yueheng
Published: April 2023

Nuclear power generation technology is obviously a safe and economical way of generating power in modern society. As the low temperature heat source, the condenser of the nuclear power technology condenses the steam into condensate water and then establishes a certain degree of vacuum at the exhaust port of the turbine. The operation of condenser is critical to the nuclear power generation technology. In this paper, the influences of the arrangement of tube bundles on the condenser of nuclear power generation technology were investigated. Three types of condensers, including the church window type, the centripetal type, and the UT type, were analyzed using Ansys Fluent software. The steam flow velocity distribution, air concentration distribution, temperature distribution, and heat transfer coefficient distribution were studied. Under specific design conditions, the flow velocity in the church window type was large, the exhaust air concentration was small, the maximum flow rate distribution was relatively reasonable, and the air concentration distribution was more concentrated. The performances of the centripetal type and the UT type were slightly worse, and the steam condensation was less. In contrast, the condensation of the church window type was large, the relative performance was high, and the heat transfer performance was better.
Exploration of NLM Based on MMC on Offshore Wind Power
Authors: Yang Xinglin , Zhang Ruirui , Chen Zhenzhen , Zhou Min
Published: April 2023

Nowadays, the world is facing a common problem of resource scarcity, so the search for a new clean energy source is the trend of the future. China is rich in marine resources and is close to the centers of electricity consumption. Offshore wind power as a future clean energy source is thus a new avenue to pursue today. Now, one of the technical issues limiting the expansion of offshore wind power is the reliable and economical transmission of long-range electricity to onshore power grids. However, traditional high-voltage DC transmission is no longer suitable for large, long-distance offshore wind farms due to its economics, the difficulty of compensating for offshore reactive power, and the complexity of large-scale system coupling. The flexible HVDC transmission method based on MMC (Modular Multilevel Converter) has become the development direction for HVDC transmission due to its high output quality and economic advantages. MMC is the core device for flexible HVDC transmission. In order to improve the output voltage quality and ensure the stability of the transmission process, the selection of a suitable modulation method is a basic condition. Among the existing applied modulation methods, this paper took NLM (nearest level modulation) based on MMC as the research object. It was verified through principal analysis and simulation that this method could not only achieve multi-level output but also that the more sub-module (SM) investment, the higher the output waveform quality.
Reliability-based Multi-objective Optimization with Uncertain Wind Power
Authors: Wang Lele , Xian Richang , Li Zhi , Zhang Mengmeng
Published: April 2023

The unpredictability for wind power interprets the critical factor limiting its large-scale penetration in microgrids. Gaussian and Cauchy distributions describe both the arbitrary and vague characteristics of wind power to evaluate wind power unpredictability. Afterward, the wind power is presumed an undefined arbitrary variable, and a multi-objective optimization model concerning the credibility density function is developed to balance the economics and the reliability of microgrids. For the solution of the model, the NSGA-II algorithm is applied to seize the Pareto front. By fully deliberating the cognitive uncertainty of the dispatchers, the evidence-theory-based decision-making is employed to drive the eventual scheduling from the Pareto set. The emulation performances substantiate the appropriateness and efficacy of the proffered model with unpredictable wind power by providing a compromise scheme between economics and reliability.
Analysis Method for the Substitution Effect of the Alternative Energy Storage of Power Grid Functions Based on the Annual Cost Method
Authors: Liang Hao , Zhang Jialei , Li Nana , Meng Zihan , Huang Bibin , Hu Jing , Liu Li
Published: April 2023

New energy storage is an important technology and fundamental equipment for building a new electric power system, an important support for achieving the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, and also a development focus for emerging strategic industries. In light of typical situations, such as a lack of station site resources and large-scale access to distributed new energy for power supply on a sea island, new energy storage is proposed to solve power supply capacity or quality problems in local areas and to replace or postpone power transmission and distribution investment. Considering the different life cycles of energy storage and power grid facility projects, we proposed an assessment method for the substitution effect of alternative energy storage on power grid functions based on the annual cost method and measured its cost-effectiveness under typical application scenarios.
Stiffness-dependent dynamic effect of inflammation on keratocyte phenotype and differentiation
Authors: Chen Jialin , Mo Qingyun , Sheng Renwang , Long Qiuzi , Chen Zhixuan , Liu Chuanquan , Zhang Aini , Luo Yifan , Liu Jia , Zhang Wei
Published: April 2023

Although extensive studies have evaluated the regulation effect of microenvironment on cell phenotype and cell differentiation, further investigations in the field of the cornea are needed to gain sufficient knowledge for possible clinical translation. This study aims to evaluate the regulation effects of substrate stiffness and inflammation on keratocyte phenotype of corneal fibroblasts, as well as the differentiation from stem cells towards keratocytes. Soft and stiff substrates were prepared based on polydimethylsiloxane. HTK and stem cells were cultured on these substrates to evaluate the effects of stiffness. The possible synergistic effects between substrate stiffness and inflammatory factor IL-1β were examined by qPCR and immunofluorescence staining. In addition, macrophages were cultured on soft and stiff substrates to evaluate the effect of substrate stiffness on the synthesis of inflammatory factors. The conditioned medium of macrophages (Soft-CM and Stiff-CM) was collected to examine the effects on HTK and stem cells. It was found that inflammatory factor IL-1β promoted keratocyte phenotype and differentiation when cells were cultured on soft substrate (∼130 kPa), which were different from cells cultured on stiff substrate (∼2 × 103 kPa) and TCP (∼106 kPa). Besides, macrophages cultured on stiff substrates had significantly higher expression of IL-1β and Tnf-α as compared to the cells cultured on soft substrates. And Stiff-CM decreased the expression of keratocyte phenotype markers as compared to Soft-CM. The results of our study indicate a stiffness-dependent dynamic effect of inflammation on keratocyte phenotype and differentiation, which is of significance not only in gaining a deeper knowledge of corneal pathology and repair, but also in being instructive for scaffold design in corneal tissue engineering and ultimate regeneration.
Flood impacts on global crop production: advances and limitations
Authors: Kim Wonsik , Iizumi Toshichika , Hosokawa Nanae , Tanoue Masahiro , Hirabayashi Yukiko
Published: April 2023

Considering the anticipated rise in wet extremes due to climate change, effective management of flood risks in global agriculture necessitates an initial assessment of the impact of floods on crop production. Such estimation can inform the development of strategies to enhance the resilience of the global agricultural system against floods, particularly in the face of growing demand for food. To this end, a worldwide calculation of inundation areas’ return periods was conducted using a global river and inundation model output. This information was then linked to a global historical yield map, allowing for the identification of flood-induced crop yield changes. The findings revealed that for return periods over ten years, global average yield losses were estimated to be 4% for soy, 3% for rice, 2% for wheat, and 1% for maize. These losses amounted to a total production loss of 5.5 billion United States dollars during the 1982–2016 period. This first global estimation of flood impacts on crop production contributes to the advancement of flood risk management in agriculture, although the limitations identified in this study need to be addressed in future research.
Nanoscale surface profile measurement using state space approach in digital holographic microscopy
Authors: Pandey Dhruvam , Gannavarpu Rajshekhar
Published: April 2023

Surface profile measurement at the nanoscale level has important applications in non-destructive testing and evaluation. The paper proposes a robust method for surface profilometry using digital holographic microscopy setup. The proposed method relies on extracting the phase map encoded in the hologram signal, which directly corresponds to the surface profile, using state space approach. The main advantage of the proposed method is high robustness against noise, which is demonstrated using numerical simulations. For designing the experimental system, a combination of Raspberry-Pi computer and camera module is used for hologram acquisition and processing, which is a step towards low cost imaging. For surface profile measurement, the experimental system has both temporal and spatial sensitivity parameters within 5 nanometers, which indicates robust design. In addition, experimental results show that the proposed method shows superior performance compared to the existing methods for measuring 100 nanometers surface profile features corresponding to different micro-structure regions of a standard calibration test target. Overall, the proposed method allows for single shot, non-contact and full-field measurement of nanoscale surface profile with additional benefits of noise robustness and low cost imaging design.
How Media’s factor and governmental factor affected individual’s opinion on haze in China
Authors: Liu Huan
Published: April 2023

Understanding the underlying mechanism of individual’s opinion on haze is important to govern public opinion on haze, and the major question of exiting research is that it has not yet explored what factors and how do they affect individual’s opinion on haze. This study aimed to uncover the underlying influencing mechanism of individual’s opinion on haze. This study conducted Partial Least Square Structural equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to examine the impacts of media’s factor (i.e. agenda setting, media accountability, and information credibility), governmental factor (i.e. policy instrument) and psychological factor (i.e., social distance, spatial distance) on individual’s opinion on haze. Based on the Agenda Melding Theory and stakeholders (i.e., media, government, and resident), this study constructed a conceptual model, which is empirically examined by conducting questionnaire survey data of 973 residents in China. The results indicate that media’s factor (media accountability, information credibility), governmental factor (policy instrument), and psychological distance have significant positive direct impacts on individual’s opinion on haze. Furthermore, media’s factor (agenda setting) only has an indirect impact on individual’s opinion on haze through the mediation effects of information credibility. However, information credibility also had significant moderation effects on the relationship between psychological distance and individual’s opinion on haze. The moderation and mediation effects of information credibility indicated that it played a vital role in guiding individual’s opinion on haze. These findings suggest that further research is required on the interaction of stakeholders and that concerted efforts of different stakeholders to assist governing individual’s opinion on haze.