bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
No Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation on Kynurenine Pathway, Inflammation, Depressive Symptoms, and Stress Response in Males: A Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Bidzan-Wiącek Monika , Tomczyk Maja , Błażek Magdalena , Mika Adriana , Antosiewicz Jędrzej
Published: October 2024

Background: Increased inflammation and heightened physiological stress reactivity have been associated with pathophysiology of depressive symptoms. The underlying biological mechanisms by which inflammation and stress may influence neurogenesis are changes in the kynurenine (KYN) pathway, which is activated under stress. Supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) has anti-inflammatory properties and can increase stress resilience. Whether n-3 PUFAs alter KYN stress response is unknown. Objectives: This placebo-controlled study investigated the effect of n-3 PUFAs on KYN metabolism, inflammation, depressive symptoms, and mood. Moreover, stress-induced changes following a laboratory stressor have been assessed. Methods: In this placebo-controlled study, 47 healthy male adults received either 4 g n-3 PUFAs per day (Omega-3 group) or a placebo (Placebo group) for 12 weeks. Results: A significant group-by-time interaction was found for the inflammatory markers gp130 (F = 7.07, p = 0.011), IL-6R alpha (F = 10.33, p = 0.003), and TNF_RI (F= 10.92, p = 0.002). No significant group-by-time interactions were found for KYN metabolites, depressive symptoms, and mood (except for Hedonic tone (F = 6.50, p = 0.014)), nor for stress-induced changes in KYN metabolites and mood following a laboratory stressor. Conclusions: Overall, increased n-3 PUFA levels in healthy men ameliorate inflammatory markers but do not ameliorate KYN metabolism, depressive symptoms, mood, or KYN metabolism and mood following a stress induction. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the identifier NCT05520437 (30/08/2022 first trial registration).
Comparing the Effectiveness of Different Dietary Educational Approaches for Carbohydrate Counting on Glycemic Control in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: Findings from the DIET-CARB Study, a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ewers Bettina , Blond Martin Bæk , Bruun Jens Meldgaard , Vilsbøll Tina
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Carbohydrate counting is recommended to improve glycemic control in type 1 diabetes (T1D), but the most effective educational methods are unclear. Despite its benefits, many individuals struggle with mastering carbohydrate counting, leading to inconsistent use and suboptimal glycemic outcomes. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two group-based programs with individual dietary counseling (standard care) for glycemic control. Methods: The trial was a randomized, controlled, open-label, parallel-group design. Adults with T1D on multiple daily insulin injections (MDIs) and with glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 53–97 mmol/mol were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to basic (BCC), advanced carbohydrate counting (ACC), or standard care. Primary outcomes were the changes in HbA1c or mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGEs) in BCC and ACC versus standard care after six months. Equivalence testing was performed to compare BCC and ACC. Results: Between November 2018 and August 2021, 63 participants were randomly assigned to BCC (N = 20), ACC (N = 21), or standard care (N = 22). After 6 months, HbA1c changed by −2 mmol/mol (95% CI −5 to 0 [−0.2%, −0.5 to 0]) in BCC, −4 mmol/mol (−6 to −1 [−0.4%, −0.6 to −0.1]) in ACC, and −3 mmol/mol (−6 to 0 [−0.3%, −0.6 to 0]) in standard care. The estimated difference in HbA1c compared to standard care was 1 mmol/mol (−3 to 5 [0.1%, −0.3 to 0.5]); p = 0.663 for BCC and −1 mmol/mol (−4 to 3 [−0.1%, −0.4 to 0.3]); p = 0.779 for ACC. For MAGEs, changes were −0.3 mmol/L (−1.5 to 0.8) in BCC, −0.0 mmol/L (−1.2 to 1.1) in ACC, and −0.7 mmol/L (−1.8 to 0.4) in standard care, with differences of 0.4 mmol/L (−1.1 to 1.9); p = 0.590 for BCC and 0.7 mmol/L (−0.8 to 2.1); p = 0.360 for ACC versus standard care. An equivalence in effect between BCC and ACC was found for HbA1c, but not for MAGEs. Conclusions: Group-based education in BCC and ACC did not demonstrate a clear advantage over individualized dietary counseling for overall glycemic control in adults with T1D. Healthcare providers should consider flexible, patient-centered strategies that allow individuals to choose the format that best suits their learning preferences when selecting the most suitable dietary educational approach.
Parental Feeding Practices, Weight Perception, and Children’s Appetitive Traits Are Associated with Weight Trajectories in Preschoolers: A Longitudinal Study in China
Authors: Chen Yujia , Qu Fangge , Wei Xiaoxue , Song Xinyi , Wu Ruxing , Wang Jian , Cao Yang , Guo Ningyuan , Hua Wenzhe , Tang Xianqing , Zhu Daqiao
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study aimed to examine the trajectories of body mass index-for-age z-score (BAZ) in preschoolers and its association with parental feeding practices, weight perception, and children’s appetitive traits. Methods: A total of 433 preschoolers and their parents from eight public kindergartens in Shanghai were assessed annually over two years. A group-based trajectory model was employed to identify distinct BAZ patterns. Logistic regression was utilized to investigate the baseline factors associated with the BAZ trajectories. Results: Three distinct BAZ trajectories were identified among the preschoolers: “low-stable group” (n = 154, 37.3%), “moderate-stable group” (n = 214, 47.3%), and “progressive overweight and obesity group” (n = 65, 15.4%). The children perceived as overweight and obese by parents (OR = 10.57, 95% CI: 4.89–22.86), and those with lower satiety responsiveness at baseline (OR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.76–0.97) were more likely to fall into the progressive overweight and obesity group as opposed to the moderate-stable group. Conversely, the children perceived as underweight by parents (OR = 457, 95%CI: 2.71–7.70) had a higher likelihood of being in the low-stable group rather than the moderate-stable group. Conclusions: This study unveiled three unique body weight trajectories among preschool children. Parental perception of children’s weight and lower satiety responsiveness were associated with preschoolers’ subsequent weight change, while parental feeding practices were not associated.
Growth of Renal Cancer Cell Lines Is Strongly Inhibited by Synergistic Activity of Low-Dosed Amygdalin and Sulforaphane
Authors: Markowitsch Sascha D. , Pham Thao , Rutz Jochen , Chun Felix K.-H. , Haferkamp Axel , Tsaur Igor , Juengel Eva , Ries Nathalie , Thomas Anita , Blaheta Roman A.
Published: October 2024

Background: Plant derived isolated compounds or extracts enjoy great popularity among cancer patients, although knowledge about their mode of action is unclear. The present study investigated whether the combination of two herbal drugs, the cyanogenic diglucoside amygdalin and the isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SFN), influences growth and proliferation of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines. Methods: A498, Caki-1, and KTCTL-26 cells were exposed to low-dosed amygdalin (1 or 5 mg/mL), or SFN (5 µM) or to combined SFN-amygdalin. Tumor growth and proliferation were analyzed by MTT, BrdU incorporation, and clone formation assays. Cell cycle phases and cell cycle-regulating proteins were analyzed by flow cytometry and Western blotting, respectively. The effectiveness of the amygdalin–SFN combination was determined using the Bliss independence model. Results: 1 mg/mL amygdalin or 5 µM SFN, given separately, did not suppress RCC cell growth, and 5 mg/mL amygdalin only slightly diminished A498 (but not Caki-1 and KTCTL-26) cell growth. However, already 1 mg/mL amygdalin potently inhibited growth of all tumor cell lines when combined with SFN. Accordingly, 1 mg/mL amygdalin suppressed BrdU incorporation only when given together with SFN. Clonogenic growth was also drastically reduced by the drug combination, whereas only minor effects were seen under single drug treatment. Superior efficacy of co-treatment, compared to monodrug exposure, was also seen for cell cycling, with an enhanced G0/G1 and diminished G2/M phase in A498 cells. Cell cycle regulating proteins were altered differently, depending on the applied drug schedule (single versus dual application) and the RCC cell line, excepting phosphorylated Akt which was considerably diminished in all three cell lines with maximum effects induced by the drug combination. The Bliss independence analysis verified synergistic interactions between amygdalin and SFN. Conclusions: These results point to synergistic effects of amygdalin and SFN on RCC cell growth and clone formation and Akt might be a relevant target protein. The combined use of low-dosed amygdalin and SFN could, therefore, be beneficial as a complementary option to treat RCC. To evaluate clinical feasibility, the in vitro protocol must be applied to an in vivo model.
Efficacy and Mechanism of Schisandra chinensis Fructus Water Extract in Alzheimer’s Disease: Insights from Network Pharmacology and Validation in an Amyloid-β Infused Animal Model
Authors: Yang Hye-Jeong , Zhang Ting , Kim Min-Jung , Hur Haeng-Jeon , Wu Xuangao , Jang Dai-Ja , Park Sunmin
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Schisandra chinensis Fructus (SCF) is a traditional medicinal herb containing lignans that improves glucose metabolism by mitigating insulin resistance. We aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential and action mechanism of SCF for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) using a network pharmacology analysis, followed by experimental validation in an AD rat model. Methods: The biological activities of SCF’s bioactive compounds were assessed through a network pharmacology analysis. An AD rat model was generated by infusing amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) (25–35) into the hippocampus to induce Aβ accumulation. The AD rats were fed either 0.5% dextrin (AD-Con) or 0.5% SCF (AD-SCF group) in a high-fat diet for seven weeks. The rats in the normal/control group received an Aβ (35–25) infusion (no Aβ deposition) and were fed a control diet (Normal-C). Aβ deposition, memory function, inflammation, and glucose/lipid metabolism were evaluated. Results: The network analysis revealed significant intersections between AD-related targets and bioactive SCF compounds, like gomisin A, schisandrin, and longikaurin A. Key AD genes prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 (PTGS2, cyclooxygenase-2) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were linked to SCF compounds. In the rats with AD induced by bilaterally infusing amyloid-β (25–35) into the hippocampus, the 0.5% SCF intake mitigated hippocampal amyloid-β deposition, neuroinflammation, memory deficits, and dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism versus the AD controls. SCF reduced hippocampal AChE activity, inflammatory cytokine expression related to PTGS2, and malondialdehyde contents and preserved neuronal cell survival-related factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor similar to normal rats. The neuroprotective effects validated the network analysis findings. Conclusions: SCF could be a potential AD therapeutic agent by activating the parasympathetic nervous system to reduce hippocampal oxidative stress and inflammation, warranting further clinical investigations of its efficacy.
The Concurrent Association of Magnesium and Calcium Deficiencies with Cognitive Function in Older Hospitalized Adults
Authors: Kravchenko Ganna , Stephenson Serena S. , Gutowska Agnieszka , Klimek Karolina , Chrząstek Zuzanna , Pigłowska Małgorzata , Kostka Tomasz , Sołtysik Bartłomiej K.
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia are common conditions among older adults that may contribute to cognitive decline. However, most of the existing research has focused primarily on dietary intake rather than the actual serum levels of these nutrients or examined them separately. This study aims to investigate the relationship between hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, and the concurrent presence of both deficiencies in relation to cognitive performance among seniors. Methods: A total of 1220 hospitalized patients aged 60 and older were included in the analysis. The participants were categorized into four groups: those with normal serum levels of magnesium and calcium, those with hypomagnesemia, those with hypocalcemia, and those with both serum magnesium and calcium deficiencies. To evaluate the potential influence of age, sex, common comorbidities, and disturbances in magnesium and calcium levels on cognitive performance, two general linear models were employed, using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Clock-Drawing Test (CDT) as dependent variables. Results: After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and comorbidities, the mean values for the MMSE and CDT were 23.33 (95%CI: 22.89–23.79) and 5.56 (95%CI: 5.29–5.83) for the group with normomagnesemia and normocalcemia, 22.59 (95%CI: 21.94–23.24) and 5.16 (95%CI: 4.77–5.54) for the group with hypomagnesemia, 19.53 (95%CI: 18.36–20.70) and 4.52 (95%CI: 3.83–5.21) for the group with hypocalcemia, and 21.14 (95%CI 19.99–22.29) and 4.28 (95%CI 3.61–4.95) for the group with both hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia, respectively. Magnesium and calcium deficiencies contributed to MMSE and CDT variance in the general linear models. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that in addition to age, body mass index, and chronic heart failure, both hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia are associated with reduced cognitive performance.
Klebsiella in Wildlife: Clonal Dynamics and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles, a Systematic Review
Authors: Quintelas Micaela , Silva Vanessa , Araújo Sara , Tejedor-Junco Maria Teresa , Pereira José Eduardo , Igrejas Gilberto , Poeta Patricia
Published: October 2024

Klebsiella spp. are a genus of Gram-negative, opportunistic bacteria frequently found in the flora of the mucosal membranes of healthy animals and humans, and in the environment. Species of this group can cause serious infections (meningitis, sepsis, bacteraemia, urinary tract infections, liver damage) and possible death in immunocompromised organisms (and even in immunocompetent ones in the case of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae) that are exposed to them. K. pneumoniae is part of the ESKAPE organisms, and so it is important to understand this genus in terms of multidrug-resistant bacteria and as a carrier of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. As it is a durable bacterium, it survives well even in hostile environments, making it possible to colonize all kinds of habitats, even the mucosal flora of wildlife. This systematic review explores the prevalence of Klebsiella spp. bacteria in wild animals, and the possibility of transmission to humans according to the One Health perspective. The isolates found in this review proved to be resistant to betalactams (blaTEM, blaOXA-48…), aminoglycosides (strAB, aadA2…), fosfomycin, tetracyclines, sulphonamides, trimethoprim, phenicols (catB4), and polymyxins (mcr4).
3D-Printed Plasmonic Nanocomposites: VAT Photopolymerization for Photothermal-Controlled Drug Release
Authors: Torres Fredes Ignacia Paz , Cortés-Adasme Elizabeth Nicole , Barrientos Bruno Andrés , Real Juan Pablo , Gomez Cesar Gerardo , Palma Santiago Daniel , Kogan Marcelo Javier , Real Daniel Andrés
Published: October 2024

Background: Gold nanoparticles can generate heat upon exposure to radiation due to their plasmonic properties, which depend on particle size and shape. This enables precise control over the release of active substances from polymeric pharmaceutical formulations, minimizing side effects and premature release. The technology of 3D printing, especially vat photopolymerization, is valuable for integrating nanoparticles into complex formulations. Method: This study aimed to incorporate gold nanospheres (AuNSs) and nanorods (AuNRs) into polymeric matrices using vat photopolymerization, allowing for controlled drug release with exposure to 532 nm and 1064 nm wavelengths. Results: The AuNSs (27 nm) responded to 532 nm and the NRs (60 nm length, 10 nm width) responded to 1064 nm. Niclosamide was used as the drug model. Ternary blends of Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate 250 (PEGDA 250), Polyethylene Glycol 400 (PEG 400), and water were optimized using DesignExpert 11 software for controlled drug release upon specific wavelength exposure. Three matrices, selected based on solubility and printability, underwent rigorous characterization. Two materials achieved controlled drug release with specific wavelengths. Bilayer devices combining AuNSs and AuNRs demonstrated selective drug release based on irradiation wavelength. Conclusions: A pharmaceutical device was developed, capable of controlling drug release upon irradiation, with potential applications in treatments requiring delayed administration.
Cardiovascular Effects of a Glycosylated Flavonoids-Rich Leaf Extract from Brazilian Erythroxylum campestre: A Potential Health Bio-Input
Authors: de Lima Letícia Henrique Dantas Gomes , Gomes Marcos Willian Francelino , Curado Thays Siqueira de Sá , Naves Lara Marques , Marques Stefanne Madalena , Oliveira Marilene Silva , Ogbu John Ihayi , Menezes Antonio Carlos Severo , Vila Verde Giuliana Muniz , Fajemiroye James Oluwagbamigbe , Pedrino Gustavo Rodrigues
Published: October 2024

Background: Bioactivity assessments of plant-derived products can benefit human and animal health, especially in regions with vast plant diversity. This study focused on chemical and cardiovascular analyses of Erythroxylum campestre A. St. Hil. leaf extracts. Methods: High-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to elucidate the structures of the flavonoids in E. campestre. The E. campestre methanolic fraction (ECM-ppt-M; at doses of 1, 2, 3, and 6 mg∙kg−1 or vehicle) was administered intravenously to normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), and we recorded the mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), renal vascular resistance (RVR), and aortic vascular resistance (AVC). Results: The ECM-ppt-M extract demonstrated significant antihypertensive activity, as evidenced by reductions in MAP, RVR, and AVR, with effects that were particularly pronounced in SHRs. Following the establishment of these cardiovascular effects, phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of glycosylated flavonoids, which are likely contributors to the observed antihypertensive properties of the extract. Conclusions: The notable reductions in MAP and vascular resistance observed with ECM-ppt-M treatment suggest its antihypertensive effect. These findings demonstrate the potential therapeutic value of this extract with regard to the treatment of hypertension. Future studies on ECM may provide a promising therapeutic alternative capable of reducing the risk of toxicity and adverse effects associated with synthetic drugs.
Green Synthesis, Characterization and Pharmaceutical Applications of Biocompatible Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Heliotropium rariflorum Stocks
Authors: Uza Noor Ul , Dastagir Ghulam , Shah Syed Tanveer , Pavlova Elitsa , Jamal Aftab , Seleiman Mahmoud F. , Černý Jakub
Published: October 2024

Background: Zinc oxide nanoparticles are safe, non-toxic, and biocompatible. These NPs are used in food packaging materials, self-cleaning glass, ceramics, deodorants, sunscreens, paints, coatings, ointments, lotions, and as preservatives. This study explored the biological potential of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using H. rariflorum. Methods: In vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Candida albicans, Penicillium notatum, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus solani were determined. Antioxidant activity was explored using the DPPH radical scavenging method. In vivo analgesic, antipyretic and sedative potential of synthesized nanoparticles was investigated using a mouse model. Results: SEM with various magnification powers showed that some particles were spherical while some were aggregated, flake-shaped, and hexagonal with rough and irregular surfaces. The EDX analysis revealed Zn (12.63%), O (22.83%) and C (63.11%) with trace quantities of Si (0.40%), Ca (0.54%) and P (0.49%). The XRD pattern indicated an amorphous state, with no peaks observed throughout the spectrum. The UV–visible spectrophotometry revealed a characteristic absorption peak at 375 nm, indicating the presence of ZnO nanoparticles. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) displayed several small peaks between 1793 and 2370 cm−1, providing evidence of the presence of different kinds of organic compounds with different functional groups. ZnO-NPs showed dose-dependent antibacterial and antifungal potential against all strains. Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were the most susceptible strains. The nanoparticles exhibited a maximum antioxidant effect of 85.28% at 100 μg/mL. In this study, the acute toxicity test showed no mortality, and normal behavior was observed in mice at ZnO-NP doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg. For analgesic and antipyretic activities, a two-way ANOVA revealed that dose, time, and the interaction between dose and time were significant. In contrast, the samples had a non-significant effect on sedative activity. Conclusions: This innovative study suggests a potential use of plant resources for managing microbes and treating various diseases, providing a scientific basis for the traditional use of H. rariflorum.
Advancements in Targeting Ion Channels for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Li Yuxuan , Fu Jingxuan , Wang Hui
Published: October 2024

Ion channels are integral membrane proteins embedded in biological membranes, and they comprise specific proteins that control the flow of ion transporters in and out of cells, playing crucial roles in the biological functions of different cells. They maintain the homeostasis of water and ion metabolism by facilitating ion transport and participate in the physiological processes of neurons and glial cells by regulating signaling pathways. Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders characterized by the progressive loss of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) or peripheral nervous system (PNS). Despite significant progress in understanding the pathophysiological processes of various neurological diseases in recent years, effective treatments for mitigating the damage caused by these diseases remain inadequate. Increasing evidence suggests that ion channels are closely associated with neuroinflammation; oxidative stress; and the characteristic proteins in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Therefore, studying the pathogenic mechanisms closely related to ion channels in neurodegenerative diseases can help identify more effective therapeutic targets for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we discuss the progress of research on ion channels in different neurodegenerative diseases and emphasize the feasibility and potential of treating such diseases from the perspective of ion channels.
Probiotic and Rice-Derived Compound Combination Mitigates Colitis Severity
Authors: Khalifa Ashraf , Alkuwayti Mayyadah Abdullah , Abdallah Basem M. , Ali Enas M. , Ibrahim Hairul Islam M.
Published: October 2024

Background: This study investigated the ability of Enterococcus lactis (E. lactis) and Hasawi rice protein lysate (HPL) to suppress colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in miceColitis is characterized by inflammation of the colon, and exploring potential therapeutic agents could lead to improved management strategies. Methods: Male mice were subjected to DSS treatment to induce colitis, followed by supplementation with E. lactis and/or HPL. The study assessed various parameters, including disease activity index (DAI) scores, gut permeability measured using FITC-dextran, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in excised colon tissues from both treated and untreated control groups. Results: E. lactis supplementation significantly alleviated DSS-induced colitis, as evidenced by improved DAI scores and enhanced gut permeability. Notably, E. lactis combined with HPL (0.1 mg/108) exhibited superior tolerance to a 0.5% pancreatin solution compared to E. lactis alone. Both E. lactis and the combination treatment significantly increased SOD activity (5.6 ± 0.23 SOD U/mg protein for E. lactis and 6.7 ± 0.23 SOD U/mg protein for the combination) relative to the Azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS group, suggesting a reduction in oxidative stress. Additionally, pro-inflammatory markers were significantly reduced in the group receiving both E. lactis and HPL compared to the E. lactis-only group. Levels of proteins associated with cell death, such as PCNA, PTEN, VEGF, COX-2, and STAT-3, were significantly decreased by 14.8% to 80% following E. lactis supplementation, with the combination treatment showing the most pronounced effects. Conclusions: These findings suggest E. lactis supplementation may be beneficial for colitis, with HPL potential to enhance its effectiveness.
Cariprazine in Bipolar Disorder and Substance Use: A Dual Approach to Treatment?
Authors: Pardossi Simone , Cuomo Alessandro , Koukouna Despoina , Pinzi Mario , Fagiolini Andrea
Published: October 2024

Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by recurrent episodes of mania, hypomania, and depression and is often complicated by comorbid substance use disorders (SUDs). Up to 60% of individuals with BD experience SUDs, which exacerbate mood instability and increase the risk of rapid cycling, suicide, and poor clinical outcomes. Current treatment strategies, including lithium and valproate, show limited efficacy in treating both BD and SUD. Psychotherapeutic approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) offer benefits but lack a specific focus on substances such as cannabis and cocaine. Since there is still debate on how to treat this comorbidity, there is a need to find new therapeutic options; this mini-review examines the pharmacological properties of cariprazine and its emerging role in the treatment of comorbid BD and SUD. Cariprazine, an atypical antipsychotic with partial agonism at dopamine D2 and D3 receptors, has shown promise in treating both mood symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in BD. Its unique affinity for D3 receptors, which are involved in motivation and reward processing, may offer advantages in reducing drug craving. Clinical trials indicate that cariprazine effectively treats manic, depressive, and mixed episodes in BD with a favorable side effect profile, particularly at lower doses. Preliminary results suggest its potential to reduce craving and substance use in individuals with co-occurring BD and SUD. Therefore, cariprazine, with its unique pharmacodynamic mechanism, could be further studied for the treatment of BD in comorbidity with SUD. However, evidence on the role of cariprazine in the treatment of SUDs remains limited, based primarily on case reports and animal studies. Further research, including large-scale clinical trials, is needed to determine its full efficacy in this dual diagnosis.
Far-Detuning Laser Frequency Disturbance Suppression for Atomic Sensor Based on Intrinsic Fiber Fabry–Pérot Cavity
Authors: Li Guanghui , Duan Lihong , Zhou Xinxiu , Quan Wei
Published: October 2024

The method of laser far-detuned frequency locking is proposed based on a fiber Fabry–Perot cavity which transfers the ultra-stable atomic reference frequency stability to the target laser utilized for atomic sensors. The control transfer function of the closed-loop system is established to elucidate the process of perturbation suppression. It is illustrated that this method is robust against the disturbance to the laser and cavity by controlling the cavity with different parameters. After the long-term experimental test, the stability of the laser frequency locked on the fiber cavity achieves an Allan deviation of 9.9×10−11 and the detuning of the nearest atomic frequency resonance point is more than 200 GHz. Its stability and detuning value exceed previous reports.
Changes in Soil Chemical Attributes in an Agrosilvopastoral System Six Years After Thinning of Eucalyptus
Authors: Borges Wander Luis Barbosa , Andreotti Marcelo , Pianta da Cruz Luan Carlos , Osaki de Oliveira Douglas Yuri , Borges João Francisco , Silva Laryssa de Castro
Published: October 2024

The changes in soil chemical attributes in agrosilvopastoral systems after the thinning of trees are unclear. To address this gap, this study evaluated the effects of the thinning of eucalyptus hybrid Urograndis H-13 (Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake × E. grandis W. Hill ex Maiden) on soil chemical fertility in an agrosilvopastoral system in an Arenic Hapludalf in Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block with a 3 × 4 factorial design comprising three treatments (thinning of 0%, 50%, or 100% of the eucalyptus trees) and four sampling positions relative to the eucalyptus line (0, 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 m). Six years after eucalyptus thinning, soil acidification was observed in the 0% and 50% eucalyptus thinning treatments, especially at 0 and 2 m from the eucalyptus line. Decreases in soil pH were associated with increases in the total acidity pH 7.0 (H+ + Al3+) and Al3+ content and decreases in the K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ contents and base saturation over the soil profile (0–1.0 m).
Exploration of Strawberry Fruit Quality During Harvest Season Under a Semi-Forcing Culture with Plants Nursed Without Chilling
Authors: Pedrozo Paula , Lado Bettina , Moltini Ana Inés , Vicente Esteban , Lado Joanna
Published: October 2024

Strawberry, a profitable crop, adapts well to diverse environments. This study evaluated the stability of fruit quality in different strawberry varieties produced as green plants without chilling during the harvest season in northern Uruguay. The focus was on understanding the impact of harvest date versus agricultural practices (different orchards and growers) on key fruit quality variables such as color, firmness, sugars, and acidity. Results indicated that the INIA Yrupé variety showed greater stability in external coloration and sugar content across harvest dates, suggesting that standardizing fruit coloration is viable under challenging conditions. INIA Guapa consistently met minimum requirements for soluble solids and ratio, with stable acidity and red coloration. Firmness was positively correlated with ratio (r = 0.81) and negatively impacted by rainfall 2–3 days before harvest. The findings suggest that harvest date has a more significant impact on INIA Yrupé fruit quality than growing conditions or practices, with variability observed in firmness and ratio but minimal variation in fruit coloration. These insights highlight the importance of harvest timing for maintaining stable fruit quality traits, which is crucial for breeding programs and ensuring consistent sensory quality and crop profitability.
‘140R’ Rootstock Regulates Resveratrol Content in ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ Grapevine Leaves Through miRNA
Authors: Zhu Chunmei , Zhang Zhijun , Liu Zhiyu , Shi Wenchao , Zhang Dongliang , Zhao Baolong , Sun Junli
Published: October 2024

Grafting is important for increasing the resistance of grapevines to environmental stress, improving fruit quality, and shortening the reproductive period. In this study, ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ (CS) grafted on the resistant rootstock 140R (CS/140R), self-grafted grapevines of the resistant rootstock 140R (140R/140R), and self-grafted grapevines of CS (CS/CS) were subjected to high-throughput sequencing; small RNA (sRNA) libraries were constructed, and miRNAs responsive to the grafting process were identified. A total of 177 known miRNAs and 267 novel miRNAs were identified. Many miRNAs responsive to the grafting process were significantly down-regulated in CS/140R leaves relative to CS/CS leaves, such as vvi-miR171c, vvi-miR171e, et al., suggesting that the expression of these miRNAs might be affected by grafting. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that the differentially expressed miRNAs regulated the expression of genes in the phenylpropanoid synthesis pathway. Grapevine leaves transiently overexpressing vvi-miR171c were assayed, and the expression of the target gene, VvMYB154, and the resveratrol content were decreased, indicating that vvi-miR171c negatively regulates the expression of VvMYB154. In sum, 140R increased the resveratrol content of the scion by grafting, down-regulating the expression of vvi-miR171c. These results provide new information that will aid future analyses of the effects of grafting on the content of secondary metabolites.
Effects of Applying Organic Amendments on Soil Aggregate Structure and Tomato Yield in Facility Agriculture
Authors: Tao Wen-Qu , Wu Qian-Qian , Zhang Jie , Chang Ting-Ting , Liu Xin-Na
Published: October 2024

Amendment significantly improves soil structure and promotes crop growth. To combat soil degradation and low crop yields in facility agriculture, it is crucial to study the optimal application rate of amendments. This study analyzed the effects of biochar, vermicompost, and mineral-source potassium fulvic acid on the stability of aggregate structure, soil nutrient content, and tomato yield in cambisols, providing a theoretical basis for improving the soil quality of plastic greenhouses in Southern China. A pot experiment on tomato cultivation was carried out in yellow-brown soil in plastic greenhouses. The experiment included eight treatments: 1% biochar (B1); 3% biochar (B3); 5% biochar (B5); 3% vermicompost (V3); 5% vermicompost (V5); 0.1% mineral-source potassium fulvic acid (F1); 0.2% mineral-source potassium fulvic acid (F2); and the control condition without adding soil amendments (CK). The results showed that the biochar and vermicompost treatments effectively reduced soil bulk density and increased total soil porosity. Compared to the control, treatments with soil amendments significantly increased soil pH and had different effects on soil nutrients: F2 showed the most significant improvement in the content of available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium, with an increase of 133.33%, 834.59%, and 74.34%, respectively; B3 treatment had the highest increase in dissolved organic carbon (DOC), while B5 treatment had the highest organic matter content. Compared to the CK, the particle size of the biochar treatment was mainly 0.053~0.25 mm, while the V3, F1, and F2 mainly occurred with a particle size > 0.25 mm; and V3 has the best aggregate stability. Biochar, vermicompost, and mineral potassium fulvic acid can all promote tomato yield, with the F2 and V3 treatments having a yield increase effect of over 30%. Furthermore, Pearson’s correlation analysis showed a highly significant positive correlation between geometric mean diameter (GMD) and mean weight diameter (MWD), water-stable macroaggregate content (R0.25), and a positive correlation between alkaline-dissolved nitrogen, available phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon content, and aggregate stability indicators. Adding 0.2% mineral-source potassium fulvic acid optimizes cambisols’ properties, enhances aggregate formation and stability, boosts tomato yield, and shows great application potential.
Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Constitutive Modeling of Polyurethane Microporous Elastomers
Authors: Liu Huiming , Xiao Youcai , Zou Yu , Han Yong , Fan Chenyang , Sun Yi
Published: October 2024

The present study fabricated samples of polyurethane elastomers (PUEs) with three distinct densities and assessed their mechanical responses using split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests. The findings reveal a significant increase in PUE stress with increasing strain rate and density. To further investigate the influence of strain rate sensitivity on PUEs, a strain rate sensitivity coefficient was employed to quantify the impact of strain rate on the mechanical properties of PUEs. Separate quantifications were performed for collapse stress, plateau stress, and densification strain as indicators of the strain rate sensitivity coefficient. The results demonstrate that the collapse stress sensitivity coefficient was notably affected by the applied strain rate. Additionally, both collapse and plateau stresses exhibited an increase with increasing density, which could be described by a power function relationship. Based on the theory of strain energy function, a constitutive model considering density and strain rate effects was developed to describe the stress–strain behavior of PUEs under various densities and strain rates. A comparison between this constitutive relationship and experimental results showed good agreement, highlighting its potential in describing dynamic mechanical behavior.
Green and Mild Fabrication of Magnetic Poly(trithiocyanuric acid) Polymers for Rapid and Selective Separation of Mercury(II) Ions in Aqueous Samples
Authors: Li Qianqian , Ruan Boxian , Yu Yue , Ye Linshu , Dai Aoxiong , You Sasha , Zhao Bingshan , Ren Limin
Published: October 2024

The removal and detection of highly toxic mercury(II) ions (Hg2+) in water used daily is essential for human health and monitoring environmental pollution. Efficient porous organic polymers (POPs) can provide a strong adsorption capacity toward heavy metal ions, although the complex synthetic process and inconvenient phase separation steps limit their application. Hence, a combination of POPs and magnetic nanomaterials was proposed and a new magnetic porous organic polymer adsorbent was fabricated by a green and mild redox reaction in the aqueous phase with trithiocyanuric acid (TA) and its sodium salts acting as reductive monomers and iodine acting as an oxidant. In the preparation steps, no additional harmful organic solvent is required and the byproducts of sodium iodine are generally considered to be non-toxic. The resulting magnetic poly(trithiocyanuric acid) polymers (MPTAPs) are highly porous, have large surface areas, are rich in sulfhydryl groups and show easy magnetic separation ability. The experimental results show that MPTAPs exhibit good adsorption affinity toward Hg2+ with high selectivity, rapid adsorption kinetics (10 min), a large adsorption capacity (211 mg g−1) and wide adsorption applicability under various pH environments (pH 2~8). Additionally, MPTAPs can be reused for up to 10 cycles, and the magnetic separation step of MPTAPs is fast and convenient, reducing energy consumption compared to centrifugation and filtration steps required for non-magnetic adsorbents. These results demonstrate the promising capability of MPTAPs as superior adsorbents for effective adsorption and separation of Hg2+. Based on this, the prepared MPTAPs were adopted as magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) materials for isolation of trace Hg2+ from aqueous samples. Under optimized conditions, the extraction and quantification of trace Hg2+ in water samples were accomplished using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detection after MSPE procedures. The proposed MPTAPs-based MSPE-ICP-MS method is efficient, rapid, sensitive and selective for the determination of trace Hg2+, and was successfully employed for the accurate analysis of trace Hg2+ in tap water, wastewater, lake water and river water samples.
Development of Polymer Composite Membrane Electrolytes in Alkaline Zn/MnO2, Al/MnO2, Zinc/Air, and Al/Air Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Lin Sheng-Jen , Su Juin-Yih , Chen Dave W. , Wu Gwomei
Published: October 2024

This paper reports on the novel composite membrane electrolytes used in Zn/MnO2, Al/MnO2, Al/air, and zinc/air electrochemical devices. The composite membranes were made using poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(acrylic acid), and a sulfonated polypropylene/polyethylene separator to enhance the electrochemical characteristics and dimensional stability of the solid electrolyte membranes. The ionic conductivity was improved significantly by the amount of acrylic acid incorporated into the polymer systems. In general, the ionic conductivity was also enhanced gradually as the testing temperature increased from 20 to 80 °C. Porous zinc gel electrodes and pure aluminum plates were used as the anodes, while porous carbon air electrodes or porous MnO2 electrodes were used as the cathodes. The cyclic voltammetry properties and electrochemical impedance characteristics were investigated to evaluate the cell behavior and electrochemical properties of these prototype cells. The results showed that these prototype cells had a low bulk resistance, a high cell power density, and a unique device stability. The Al/MnO2 cell achieved a density of 110 mW cm−2 at the designated current density for the discharge tests, while the other cells also exhibited good values in the range of 70–100 mW cm−2. Furthermore, the Zn/air cell consisting of the PVA/PAA = 10:5 composite membrane revealed an excellent discharge capacity of 1507 mAh. This represented a very high anode utilization of 95.7% at the C/10 rate.
Study of Polysulfone-Impregnated Hydroxyapatite for Ultrafiltration in Whey Protein Separation
Authors: Sriani Tutik , Mahardika Muslim , Arifvianto Budi , Yusof Farazila , Whulanza Yudan , Prihandana Gunawan Setia , Baskoro Ario Sunar
Published: October 2024

Polysulfone (Psf) ultrafiltration flat-sheet membranes were modified with hydroxyapatite (HA) powder during preparation using the wet-phase inversion method. HA was incorporated to enhance the protein separation capabilities. The asymmetric Psf membranes were synthesized using NMP as the solvent. Through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis, it was revealed that HA was distributed across the membrane. Incorporating HA led to higher flux, the improved rejection of protein, and enhanced surface hydrophilicity. The permeability flux increased with HA concentration, peaking at 0.3 wt.%, resulting in a 38% improvement to 65 LMH/bar. Whey protein separation was evaluated using the model proteins BSA and lysozyme, representing α-Lactalbumin. The results of protein rejection for the blend membranes indicated that the rejection rates for BSA and lysozyme increased to 97.2% and 73%, respectively. Both the native and blend membranes showed similar BSA rejection rates; however, the blend membranes demonstrated better performance in lysozyme separation, indicating superior selectivity compared to native membranes. The modified membranes exhibited improved hydrophilicity, with water contact angles decreasing from 66° to 53°, alongside improved antifouling properties, indicated by a lower flux decline ratio value. This simple and economical modification method enhances permeability without sacrificing separation efficiency, hence facilitating the scalability of membrane production in the whey protein separation industry.
Biochar as a UV Stabilizer: Its Impact on the Photostability of Poly(butylene succinate) Biocomposites
Authors: Papadopoulou Katerina , Ainali Nina Maria , Mašek Ondřej , Bikiaris Dimitrios N.
Published: October 2024

In the present study, biocomposite materials were created by incorporating biochar (BC) at rates of 1, 2.5, and 5 wt.% into a poly(butylene succinate) (PBSu) matrix using a two-stage melt polycondensation procedure in order to provide understanding of the aging process. The biocomposites in film form were exposed to UV irradiation for 7, 14, and 21 days. Photostability was examined by several methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which proved that new carbonyl and hydroxyl groups were formed during UV exposure. Moreover, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) measurements were employed to record the apparent UV effect in their crystalline morphology and thermal transitions. According to the molecular weight measurements of composites, it was apparent that by increasing the biochar content, the molecular weight decreased at a slower rate. Tensile strength tests were performed to evaluate the deterioration of their mechanical properties during UV exposure, while Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images illustrated the notable surface alternations. Cracks were formed at higher UV exposure times, to a lesser extent in PBSu/BC composites than in neat PBSu. Furthermore, the mechanism of the thermal degradation of neat PBSu and its biocomposites prior to and upon UV exposure was studied by Pyrolysis–Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (Py–GC/MS). From all the obtained results it was proved that biochar can be considered as an efficient UV-protective additive to PBSu, capable of mitigating photodegradation.
Polyindole-Functionalized RGO-NiFe2O4-SiO2 Nanocomposite: A Dual-Functional Nanomaterial for Efficient Antimony Adsorption and Subsequent Application in Supercapacitor
Authors: Shoeb Mohd , Mashkoor Fouzia , Khan Mohmmad Naved , Jeong Changyoon
Published: October 2024

Effective wastewater treatment remains a critical challenge, especially when dealing with hazardous pollutants like antimony (Sb(III)). This study addresses this issue by using innovative nanocomposites to remove Sb(III) ions from water, while simultaneously repurposing the spent adsorbents for energy storage applications. We developed reduced graphene oxide-NiFe2O3-SiO2-polyindole nanocomposites (RGO-NiFe2O3-SiO2-PIn NCs) via a hydrothermal synthesis method, achieving a high removal efficiency of 91.84% for Sb(III) ions at an initial concentration of 50 mg/L at pH 8. After adsorption, the exhausted adsorbent was repurposed for energy storage, effectively minimizing secondary pollution. The Sb(III)-loaded adsorbent (RGO-NiFe2O3-SiO2-PIn@SbOx) exhibited excellent performance as an energy storage material, with a specific capacitance (Cs) of 701.36 F/g at a current density of 2 A/g and a retention rate of 80.15% after 10,000 cycles. This dual-purpose approach not only advances wastewater treatment technologies but also contributes to sustainable and economical recycling practices, particularly in the field of energy storage.
Partial Discharge Method for State-of-Health Estimation Validated by Real-Time Simulation
Authors: Camargo-Trigueros Eugenio , Visairo-Cruz Nancy , Núñez-Gutiérrez Ciro-Alberto , Segundo-Ramírez Juan
Published: October 2024

Accurate estimation of the state of health (SOH) of batteries for automotive applications, particularly in electric vehicle battery management systems (EV-BMS), remains a critical study area to ensure battery system availability. This paper proposes a comprehensive SOH estimation method that transcends traditional approaches based on estimating the available capacity using the integral of the battery current or estimating the increase in internal resistance. The SOH estimator employs a partial discharge method (PDM) and a linear state-of-charge (SOC) observer based on an equivalent electrical circuit model (ECM), utilizing readily available manufacturer data and designed for real-time applications. The proposed method was tested and validated using three different automotive battery technologies and a real-time simulation on the OPAL-RT platform. The simulations involved voltage and current measurements of pulsed-discharge current profiles under temperature-controlled conditions and an electric vehicle driving profile. The results showed a high accuracy in SOH estimation, with a maximum standard deviation of approximately 0.03497 V for lithium-ion batteries, representing about 7.124% of the mean value of the SOH estimator output. For other technologies, the standard deviations were even lower, all below 0.61% of their respective mean values. These outcomes demonstrate the reliability and accuracy of our method, making it suitable for real-time SOH estimation in EV-BMSs.