bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spoken Language Alterations can Predict Phenoconversion in Isolated Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Šubert Martin , Novotný Michal , Tykalová Tereza , Hlavnička Jan , Dušek Petr , Růžička Evžen , Škrabal Dominik , Pelletier Amelie , Postuma Ronald B. , Montplaisir Jacques , Gagnon Jean‐François , Galbiati Andrea , Ferini‐Strambi Luigi , Marelli Sara , St. Louis Erik K. , Timm Paul C. , Teigen Luke N. , Janzen Annette , Oertel Wolfgang , Heim Beatrice , Holzknecht Evi , Stefani Ambra , Högl Birgit , Dauvilliers Yves , Evangelista Elisa , Šonka Karel , Rusz Jan
Published: November 2023

Objective

This study assessed the relationship between speech and language impairment and outcome in a multicenter cohort of isolated/idiopathic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD).

Methods

Patients with iRBD from 7 centers speaking Czech, English, German, French, and Italian languages underwent a detailed speech assessment at baseline. Story‐tale narratives were transcribed and linguistically annotated using fully automated methods based on automatic speech recognition and natural language processing algorithms, leading to the 3 distinctive linguistic and 2 acoustic patterns of language deterioration and associated composite indexes of their overall severity. Patients were then prospectively followed and received assessments for parkinsonism or dementia during follow‐up. The Cox proportional hazard was performed to evaluate the predictive value of language patterns for phenoconversion over a follow‐up period of 5 years.

Results

Of 180 patients free of parkinsonism or dementia, 156 provided follow‐up information. After a mean follow‐up of 2.7 years, 42 (26.9%) patients developed neurodegenerative disease. Patients with higher severity of linguistic abnormalities (hazard ratio [HR = 2.35]) and acoustic abnormalities (HR = 1.92) were more likely to develop a defined neurodegenerative disease, with converters having lower content richness (HR = 1.74), slower articulation rate (HR = 1.58), and prolonged pauses (HR = 1.46). Dementia‐first (n = 16) and parkinsonism‐first with mild cognitive impairment (n = 9) converters had higher severity of linguistic abnormalities than parkinsonism‐first with normal cognition converters (n = 17).

Interpretation

Automated language analysis might provide a predictor of phenoconversion from iRBD into synucleinopathy subtypes with cognitive impairment, and thus can be used to stratify patients for neuroprotective trials. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:530–543
‘How I wonder what you are?’: what infant observation offers family therapy
Authors: Bunston Wendy , Jones Sarah J.
Published: November 2023

Training in infant observation, highly valuable in the infant mental health (IMH) field, has an enormous amount to offer family therapists. These two fields of practice, both hold working with the relational world of their clients as central. As two senior family therapists who are also IMH practitioners, we invite those reading this paper to explore the possibilities inherent in undertaking infant observation training as a pathway to enriching and expanding their practice. We provide an overview of infant observation training, how this approach was conceived, and explore the benefits of honouring the subjectivity of the infant, that of bringing the infant's experience alive in the therapeutic space. We provide direct examples from our own practice. We conclude with how infant observation might be incorporated into family therapy training and practice.
Edible oleogels as solid fat alternatives: A review from patent perspectives
Authors: Li Jiaxi , Xiao Yahao , Zhang Hong , Bi Yanlan , Xu Xuebing
Published: November 2023

Oleogel technology has grown into a substantial research area over the past decade and development through a body of scientific patents and publications. Despite many exciting improvements in structural mechanisms and system development, promoting this technology from a laboratory study into an industrial production is not an easy task. Successful commercialization is predicated on the oleogel being able to adequately replace the various roles played by conventional plastic fats in complex food systems. To this end, certain inevitable limitations, such as poor plasticity, low structural stability, and intricate production procedures, need to be addressed first. This review gives the freedom‐spaces available for product developments and provides a deeper understanding for researchers in the oleogel technology combining both sides of patents and literatures. An insight analysis regarding research trends, hot topics, influences, and technology life cycle of current inventions has been conducted. Current structural strategies, formulations, and implementation scales are also discussed. Finally, future perspectives on the technology are highlighted.
Cochlea development shapes bat sensory system evolution
Authors: Anthwal Neal , Hall Ronald P. , de la Rosa Hernandez Frederick Aneudy , Koger Michael , Yohe Laurel R. , Hedrick Brandon P. , Davies Kalina T. J. , Mutumi Gregory L. , Roseman Charles C. , Dumont Elizabeth R. , Dávalos Liliana M. , Rossiter Stephen J. , Sadier Alexa , Sears Karen E.
Published: November 2023

Sensory organs must develop alongside the skull within which they are largely encased, and this relationship can manifest as the skull constraining the organs, organs constraining the skull, or organs constraining one another in relative size. How this interplay between sensory organs and the developing skull plays out during the evolution of sensory diversity; however, remains unknown. Here, we examine the developmental sequence of the cochlea, the organ responsible for hearing and echolocation, in species with distinct diet and echolocation types within the ecologically diverse bat super‐family Noctilionoidea. We found the size and shape of the cochlea largely correlates with skull size, with exceptions of Pteronotus parnellii, whose high duty cycle echolocation (nearly constant emission of sound pulses during their echolocation process allowing for detailed information gathering, also called constant frequency echolocation) corresponds to a larger cochlear and basal turn, and Monophyllus redmani, a small‐bodied nectarivorous bat, for which interactions with other sensory organs restrict cochlea size. Our findings support the existence of developmental constraints, suggesting that both developmental and anatomical factors may act synergistically during the development of sensory systems in noctilionoid bats.
Hierarchical predefined‐time bipartite tracking of Euler–Lagrange systems over a signed graph
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Yu , Han Tao , Xiao Bo , Zhan Xi‐Sheng , Yan Huaicheng
Published: November 2023

This paper addresses the hierarchical predefined‐time bipartite tracking problem in networked Euler–Lagrange systems (ELSs) over a signed graph, considering the presence of outer disturbances and dynamic uncertainties. An algorithm about the novel hierarchical predefined‐time control (HPTC) is presented here, which aims to guide the states of two opposing subgroups of the ELSs to achieve the leader's trajectory while the signs are opposite. The algorithm allows for flexibility in setting the desired settling time for the system, the upper bound of which is simple to be predetermined in advance and adjusted like other parameters.Through Lyapunov stability analysis, a sufficient criteria is established for achieving predefined‐time bipartite tracking problem. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness and performance of the developed methods.
Distinct neurocognitive profiles and clinical phenotypes associated with copy number variation at the 22q11.2 locus
Authors: O'Hora Kathleen P. , Kushan‐Wells Leila , Schleifer Charles H. , Cruz Shayne , Hoftman Gil D. , Jalbrzikowski Maria , Gur Raquel E. , Gur Ruben C. , Bearden Carrie E.
Published: November 2023

Rare genetic variants that confer large effects on neurodevelopment and behavioral phenotypes can reveal novel gene‐brain‐behavior relationships relevant to autism. Copy number variation at the 22q11.2 locus offer one compelling example, as both the 22q11.2 deletion (22qDel) and duplication (22qDup) confer increased likelihood of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and cognitive deficits, but only 22qDel confers increased psychosis risk. Here, we used the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (Penn‐CNB) to characterized neurocognitive profiles of 126 individuals: 55 22qDel carriers (MAge = 19.2 years, 49.1% male), 30 22qDup carriers (MAge = 17.3 years, 53.3% male), and 41 typically developing (TD) subjects (MAge = 17.3 years, 39.0% male). We performed linear mixed models to assess group differences in overall neurocognitive profiles, domain scores, and individual test scores. We found all three groups exhibited distinct overall neurocognitive profiles. 22qDel and 22qDup carriers showed significant accuracy deficits across all domains relative to controls (episodic memory, executive function, complex cognition, social cognition, and sensorimotor speed), with 22qDel carriers exhibiting more severe accuracy deficits, particularly in episodic memory. However, 22qDup carriers generally showed greater slowing than 22qDel carriers. Notably, slower social cognition speed was uniquely associated with increased global psychopathology and poorer psychosocial functioning in 22qDup. Compared to TD, 22q11.2 copy number variants (CNV) carriers failed to show age‐associated improvements in multiple cognitive domains. Exploratory analyses revealed 22q11.2 CNV carriers with ASD exhibited differential neurocognitive profiles, based on 22q11.2 copy number. These results suggest that there are distinct neurocognitive profiles associated with either a loss or gain of genomic material at the 22q11.2 locus.
It wasn't me, it was the AI: Intellectual property and data privacy concerns with nonprofits' use of artificial intelligence systems
Authors: Garhart Nate , Rowland Cynthia
Published: November 2023

In today's rapidly changing technological landscape, artificial intelligence (AI) is making headlines and being discussed constantly. To be sure, AI provides a powerful tool to nonprofits in creating content and exploiting for countless cost‐effective purposes. As nonprofit executives, you may be wondering how AI intersects with intellectual property and data privacy law, and how it could affect your organization. While the full extent of the implications will only be fully understood after some history with the use of AI, some of the issues are already predictable.
A comparison of infants' birth defects self‐reported by mothers with data provided by general practitioners: Data from the Dutch Pregnancy Drug Register
Authors: Maas Veronique Y. F. , Ederveen Ellen G. T. , van Rijt‐Weetink Yrea R. J. , Woestenberg Petra J. , Bergman Jorieke E. H. , Conijn Maartje
Published: November 2023

Background

Since the presence of a birth defect is often a primary outcome in drug‐safety studies among pregnant women, researching the validity of data collection methods is imperative. The aim of this study is to compare self‐reported birth defects in infants by mothers with the information provided by general practitioners (GP (singular) or GPs (plural)).

Methods

Mothers who participated in the Dutch Pregnancy Drug Register reported information about possible birth defects of their infants via questionnaires. GPs were approached to provide information on possible birth defects of the same infants. All reported birth defects by mothers and GPs were blindly coded using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD‐10) index and EUROCAT‐classified as either a minor or major birth defect. Differences in reported birth defects between participants and GPs were assessed.

Results

Participants and GPs (N = 551) reported 67 and 53 birth defects respectively, leading to a total of 120 birth defects among 65 infants. When both the GP and the participant reported a birth defect, 76.9% of these birth defects (N = 60) were coded with an identical ICD‐10 code. Information on the absence of a birth defect and the presence of a major birth defect was identically reported by the GP and the mother in almost all cases (98.2%). Of the major birth defects reported by the GP, 67% could be matched with information provided by the participant, for 33% contradicting information was reported.

Conclusion

Self‐reported questionnaire data on infants' birth defects from mothers yield fairly similar information compared to information obtained through GPs. Future studies should validate the accuracy of self‐reported birth defects by mothers more extensively to improve the quality of drug safety studies during pregnancy.
Upgrading interferometric scattering microscopy with ensemble statistical analysis
Authors: Lee Minsu , Hong Seok‐Cheol , Cho Minhaeng
Published: November 2023

Interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy, label‐free high‐speed (up to ~1000 frames per second) imaging and tracking technique, has proven to be a versatile tool by measuring the mass and 3D position of nanoparticles and biomolecules as well as visualizing real‐time dynamics of nanoscale events in complex cellular environments. However, the quantification of iSCAT signals has not been straightforwardly defined in practical terms. We delve into several issues associated with signal processing in iSCAT: error‐prone post‐processing routine and lack of statistical reliability in the convention of iSCAT contrast. After providing a brief account of concepts and principles of correlation spectroscopy, we here discuss an alternative ensemble (higher number density of scatterers) statistical analysis that can be used to extract the dynamic information of scattering particles from fluctuating iSCAT signals. Finally, our perspective on the correlation approach toward time‐correlated iSCAT technique will be presented.
Digital orientation, digital eco‐innovation and circular economy in the context of sustainable development goals
Authors: Mishra Ruchi , Singh Rajesh Kr , Rana Nripendra P.
Published: November 2023

Digitalisation increasingly offers numerous opportunities for firms to integrate several environmental management practices into their day‐to‐day operations. Studies in the field of digital technology and circular economy (CE) have pointed out inherent tensions involved in the adoption of technology and CE practices. Firms often prioritise competing goals and prefer one over another, thereby underestimating their interdependent co‐existing relationships. In this context, the study addresses the following research questions: How does digital orientation facilitate digital eco‐innovation for CE‐linked sustainable development goals (SDGs)? What paradoxes do firms encounter while using digital eco‐innovation for CE‐linked SDG practices? What possible strategies could be used to overcome the various paradoxes associated with adopting digital eco‐innovation for CE‐linked SDG practices?

Drawing from the paradox theory and using the SAP‐LAP model of inquiry, the study addresses research questions by applying a case study approach. The findings of a qualitative case study provide a novel perspective on digital eco‐innovation and CE literature. Unlike previous studies that deal with digital eco‐innovation and CE independently, the study primarily contributes to the literature by understanding how digital orientation contributes to digital eco‐innovation and the role of digital eco‐innovation in CE practices in the context of SDGs.
Did court dismiss student's Title IX deliberate indifference claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: November 2023

Marshall University student Jane Roe reported to the local police department that she had been sexually assaulted by a male student, John Doe. The assault took place while Roe and Doe were watching a university football game at an off‐campus apartment. The police department arrested and charged John Doe.
Ladle Furnace Slag: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Jacob Liya
Published: November 2023

Ladle slag is a byproduct formed during the ladle refining stage of steel making. It is a dusty material that has been considered industrial waste. Technical advancements towards a sustainable industry led to the development of different applications for ladle slag. Depending on the processing methods during the steel slag production and the weathering of the slag post‐production, the elemental composition of the steel slag largely varies. Owing to this, its characteristics cannot be generalized and specific applications depending on the sources are developed. It is generally used in construction materials, soil rejuvenation, and CO2 capture. This paper reviews the production process, the mineralogical and morphological properties, stabilization techniques, and the applications of ladle furnace (LF) slag. One of the prime focuses of waste remediation and sustainable industry is to find meaningful ways to turn waste into products. In this respect, a comprehensive review of the properties of LF slag and its current application will help provide a framework for the development of future sustainability goals. With increased slag usage, the ladle refining process of steelmaking can be turned into a more carbon‐neutral process.
Coenzyme A Thioester Intermediates as Platform Molecules in Cell‐Free Chemical Biomanufacturing
Authors: Ducrot Laurine , López Idania L. , Orrego Alejandro H. , López‐Gallego Fernando
Published: November 2023

The in vitro synthesis of Coenzyme A (CoA)‐thioester intermediates opens new avenues to transform simple molecules into more complex and multifunctional ones by assembling cell‐free biosynthetic cascades. In this review, we have systematically cataloged known CoA‐dependent enzyme reactions that have been successfully implemented in vitro. To faciliate their identification, we provide their UniProt ID when available. Based on this catalog, we have organized enzymes into three modules: activation, modification, and removal. i) The activation module includes enzymes capable of fusing CoA with organic molecules. ii) The modification module includes enzymes capable of catalyzing chemical modifications in the structure of acyl‐CoA intermediates. And iii) the removal module includes enzymes able to remove the CoA and release an organic molecule different from the one activated in the upstream. Based on these reactions, we constructed a reaction network that summarizes the most relevant CoA‐dependent biosynthetic pathways reported until today. From the information available in the articles, we have plotted the total turnover number of CoA as a function of the product titer, observing a positive correlation between both parameters. Therefore, the success of a CoA‐dependent in vitro pathway depends on its ability to regenerate CoA, but also to regenerate other cofactors such as NAD(P)H and ATP.
Pneumoscrotum with extensive subcutaneous emphysema in traumatic perineal injury: A case report
Authors: Siddiqui Tariq , Peralta Ruben , Ibnas Muhamed , El‐Menyar Ayman , Al‐Thani Hassan , Rizoli Sandro
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

We present a rare case of pneumoscrotum with subsequent subcutaneous emphysema in penetrating perineal injury with a tangential wound. It is important to diagnose the underlying disease and treat the cause. An examination under anesthesia is crucial for the diagnosis and management of the set of injuries.

Pneumoscrotum with subcutaneous emphysema in traumatic perineal injuries is an alarming sign and may indicate life‐threatening intraabdominal injuries or necrotizing fasciitis. We reported a case of pneumoscrotum and extensive subcutaneous emphysema of the abdomen and chest 2 days after admission. Pneumoscrotum was not seen on the initial Computerized tomographic scan.
External fetus in fetu presenting in the second trimester: A case report and literature review
Authors: Zhu Ying , Xu Le , Beejadhursing Rajluxmee , Chen Suhua
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

Fetus in fetu (FIF) is a rare congenital anomaly that originates from various sites of the host twin's body. The clinical manifestations of FIF are diverse and the location and size of FIF indicate the degree of threat, which may directly affect the prognosis. A 33‐year‐old woman presented at the hospital with an abdominal mass in her fetus. Prenatal ultrasound observed that mass included soft tissue, bone‐like structures, and fluid. Immature cartilage, nerve tissue, muscle tissue, and glands in the parasitic fetus without signs of neoplastic lesions were reported by histological examination. CNV (copy number variation) and WES (whole exome sequencing) did not detect any abnormal mutations. FIF can continue to grow with gestational age or host infant growth. So complete resection is essential for improving the outcome of the host twin. It is also important that long‐term follow‐up is recommended to monitor any residual or recurrent cysts or malignancies.
The use of advanced‐platelet rich fibrin (A‐PRF) in the management of medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ): A case report
Authors: Asfour Maan Ahmad Rafik , Aljoujou Abeer Ahmad , Saifo Maher Sadik , Jabban Haya A. L.
Published: November 2023

Medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) is a serious debilitating disease resulting from long‐term treatment with Antiresorptive drugs such as Bisphosphonates or Denosumab, which significantly affects patients' quality of life. A 43‐year‐old female patient with stage 4 breast cancer and treated with Zoledronic Acid for bone metastases was referred to the Department of Oral Medicine at the Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University. The main complaint was pain in the right maxilla. Intraoral examination showed an exposure of necrotic bone in the right maxillary region with presence of purulent exudate. The treatment plan was discussed with the patient. Treatment included resection of all necrotic bone and application of Advanced platelet‐rich fibrin (A‐PRF) clots and membranes. Follow‐up and outcome were conducted by clinical measures to assess healing and recurrence (6‐month follow‐up). Topical treatment with A‐PRF demonstrated a reduction in pain and resulted in complete wound healing within 30 days. A‐PRF stimulates the release of growth factors and chemotaxis involved in tissue repair mechanisms. This method seemed to be effective in the treatment of MRONJ.
Separation and simultaneous estimation of enantiomers and Diastereomers of muscarinic receptor antagonist Solifenacin using stability‐indicating Normal‐phase HPLC technique with chiral stationary phase amylose tris‐(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate)
Authors: Vadagam Niroja , Haridasyam Sharath Babu , Venkatanarayana Muvvala , Lakka Narasimha S. , Chinnakadoori Sanjeeva R.
Published: November 2023

The R,S‐enantiomer impurity and diastereomer impurities (S,S‐isomer and R,R‐isomer) of the solifenacin (S,R‐enantiomer) were effectively separated and quantified simultaneously utilizing normal‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with a chiral stationary phase consisting of amylose tris (3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) coated on silica‐gel (Chiralpak, AD‐H). The enantiomeric and stereo‐selective separation was achieved within a run time of 35 minutes using a mobile phase of ‘n‐hexane, ethanol, and diethylamine’ in an isocratic elution mode with a detection wavelength of 220 nm. The validation attributes assessed were accuracy (which showed excellent recoveries between 97.5% and 100.4%) and linearity (which was proven in the range of 0.081–1.275 μg.mL−1, with a linear regression of 0.999). The stress testing experiments proved that the developed methodology by the HPLC technique has stability‐indicating characteristics, as all closely eluting peak pairs were separated well with a resolution of 2.3 and without any interference. The proposed methodology was highly efficient in separating and simultaneously determining the chiral impurities (enantiomers and diastereomers) of the solifenacin in the release and stability sample analyses of drug substances and tablets in pharmaceutical formulations.
Heterogeneous catalysts, reaction kinetics, and reactor designs for methanol production from carbon dioxide: A critical review
Authors: Wang Xuguang , Liu Yaxin , Li Xue , Liu Dianhua
Published: November 2023

The process of preparing methanol from carbon dioxide is one of the ways to solve the environmental problems caused by greenhouse gases, the problem of fossil energy depletion, and the problem of fuel exhaust emissions. However, after decades of development, the process of preparing methanol from carbon dioxide is still unable to achieve large‐scale industrialization. This critical review sharply points out the problems and obstacles that need to be solved urgently on the industrialization road of carbon dioxide methanol preparation process and summarizes its progress. The problems faced by the methanol production industry from carbon dioxide are first the thermodynamic constraints, second the lower reaction rate and conversion effect, and finally the energy loss. In order to solve these problems, this paper first introduces the active sites, structural effects, and dynamic changes of copper‐based catalysts, as well as the unique reaction mechanism and doping modification of indium‐based catalysts. Zinc and zirconium promoters and some metal oxide supports can form unique interactions with active components to improve the catalytic performance of the catalyst. Next, various kinetic models and applications of methanol production from carbon dioxide are summarized, which is an important bridge linking laboratory and industrialization; the advantages and disadvantages of fixed bed reactor and paddle reactor were compared. Finally, the full text is summarized and prospected.
Application of AMR in evaluating microvascular dysfunction after ST‐elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Wang Hao , Wu Qi , Yang Lang , Chen Long , Liu Wen‐Zhong , Guo Jun , Xu Jing‐Song
Published: November 2023

Background

A guidewire‐free angiography‐derived microcirculatory resistance (AMR) derived from Quantitative flow ratio (QFR) exhibits good diagnostic accuracy for assessing coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), but there are no relevant studies supporting the specific application of AMR in patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The study aims to evaluate CMD in patients with STEMI using the AMR index.

Methods

This study included patients with STEMI who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from June 1, 2020 to September 28, 2021. All patients were divided into two groups: the CMD (n = 215) and non‐CMD (n = 291) groups. After matching, there were 382 patients in both groups.1‐year follow‐up major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) were evaluated.

Results

After matching, the primary endpoint was achieved in 41 patients (10.7%), with 27 and 14 patients in the CMD and non‐CMD groups, respectively (HR 1.954 [95% CI 1.025–3.726]; 14.1% versus 7.3%, p = .042). Subgroup analysis revealed that 18 patients (4.7%) were readmitted for heart failure, with 15 and 3 in the CMD and non‐CMD groups, respectively (HR 5.082 [95% CI 1.471–17.554]; 7.9% versus 1.6%, p = .010). Post‐PCI AMR ≥ 250 was significantly associated with a higher risk of the primary endpoint and was its independent predictor (HR 2.265 [95% CI 1.136–4.515], p = .020).

Conclusion

The retrospective use of AMR with a cutoff value of ≥250 after PCI in patients with STEMI can predict a significant difference in the 1‐year MACE rates when compared with a propensity score‐matched group with normal AMR.
Asthma is associated with increased severity and duration of rhinitis: A study with the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma classes in the Constances cohort
Authors: Savouré Marine , Bousquet Jean , Leynaert Bénédicte , Ribet Céline , Goldberg Marcel , Zins Marie , Jacquemin Bénédicte , Nadif Rachel
Published: November 2023

Background

Few population‐based studies have described allergic rhinitis (AR) according to the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) classification, and none have assessed the impact of asthma on this classification. Our aims were to 1) describe AR according to four ARIA classes and 2) within each of the four ARIA classes, compare participants with AR alone versus those with AR and asthma.

Methods

Cross‐sectional analyses were performed using data from the 2014 annual follow‐up questionnaire of the French adult population‐based cohort Constances. Current AR was defined by the report of sneezing, runny, or blocked nose in the last 12 months and the report of nasal allergies. Following ARIA recommendations, rhinitis was classified according to its severity (mild or moderate‐severe) and duration (intermittent or persistent). Ever asthma was also defined by a questionnaire.

Results

Among the 4675 participants with AR (57% women, mean age 50.2 ± 12.7 years), 44% were classified as mild/intermittent, 16% mild/persistent, 25% moderate‐severe/intermittent, and 15% moderate‐severe/persistent. Within each of the four ARIA classes, compared to participants with rhinitis alone, participants with rhinitis and asthma had significantly more severe symptoms, more conjunctivitis, a higher mean eosinophil count and more treatments with intra‐nasal corticosteroids and oral antihistamines co‐medication.

Conclusions

This is a paradigm shift study as for the first time this large population‐based study in adults showed that asthma status has a profound effect on the ARIA classification. Rhinitis alone and rhinitis with asthma represent two distinct phenotypes. These results reinforce the need to include asthma status in the ARIA classification and guidelines.
Stackelberg game‐based task offloading in mobile edge computing‐enabled hierarchical multi‐coalition unmanned aerial vehicle networks
Authors: Gong Yamei , Tian Jie , Li Xuran , Liu Qingde , Li Tiantian , Bian Ji
Published: November 2023

The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) coalition networks have been widely used in emergency mission scenarios. The introduction of the mobile edge computing (MEC) paradigm into multi‐coalition UAV networks further improves the mission processing performance of UAV coalitions. In this paper, we investigate the problem of minimizing total task processing delay of UAV members in MEC‐enabled coalition‐based UAV networks. First, we propose a hierarchical offloading model in which multiple UAV heads decide its position selection strategy and multiple UAV members decide its offloading strategy when offloading tasks to UAV heads. Considering data arrival from multiple UAV member nodes at each UAV head, the first come first served (FCFS) queuing model is introduced when the UAV head processes tasks from members. Second, the hierarchical offloading delay minimization problem is formulated as a multi‐leader multi‐follower Stackelberg game. The existence of a Stackelberg equilibrium (SE) is proved by showing that multi‐leader subgame and multi‐follower subgame are exact potential games (EPGs) with Nash equilibrium (NE). We design a best response‐based hierarchical iterative offloading algorithm to solve SE. Finally, the simulation results show that the performance of the proposed scheme is better than that of other benchmark methods and the proposed scheme can effectively reduce the total delay for all UAV members.
Body mass index, weight change in midlife, and dementia incidence: the Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective Study
Authors: Tashiro Miwa , Yasuda Nobufumi , Inoue Manami , Yamagishi Kazumasa , Tsugane Shoichiro , Sawada Norie
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION

Insufficient evidence exists on the sex‐specific associations of body mass index (BMI) and weight change through midlife with dementia incidence, especially in Asian populations.

METHODS

For 37,414 Japanese residents aged 40 to 59 years, BMIs at baseline (year 1990 or 1993) and 10‐year follow‐ups were obtained. Weight changes between baseline and 10‐year follow‐ups were determined. Disabling dementia incidence from 2006 to 2016 was ascertained using long‐term care insurance (LTCI) certifications. Hazard ratios (HRs) were computed.

RESULTS

Increased dementia risk was observed with obesity at baseline and with underweight at 10‐year follow‐ups. Weight loss after baseline was at greater risk than weight gain. No sex difference was observed.

DISCUSSION

In both sexes, obesity in midlife increased the risk of developing dementia with increasing impacts of weight loss after midlife. A healthy body weight throughout adulthood is beneficial for dementia prevention.

Highlights

Obesity in midlife is a risk factor for incident dementia.

Weight loss is a bigger risk factor than weight gain in later midlife.

Association of BMI and weight change in midlife with dementia does not vary by sex.
Novel sulfonamide‐phosphonate conjugates as carbonic anhydrase isozymes inhibitors
Authors: Bekheit Mohamed S. , Sabry Eman , Mohamed Hanan A. , Ewies Ewies F. , Kariuki Benson M. , Fouad Marwa A. , Vullo Daniela , Supuran Claudiu T.
Published: November 2023

The three‐components one‐pot Kabachnik‐Fields reaction of sulfapyridine, diethyl phosphite, and aldehyde under thermal catalysis reaction condition in the presence of bismuth (III) triflate as a catalyst afford the corresponding sulfonamide‐phosphonates (3a−3p) in good to excellent yields (78%−91%). The structures of the new synthesized compounds were elucidated and confirmed by variable spectroscopic studies. Single crystal X‐ray studies for 3a, 3d, and 3i verified the proposed structure. The newly developed sulfonamide‐phosphonates were evaluated for their inhibitory properties against four isoforms of human carbonic anhydrase (hCA I, II, IX, and XII). The results demonstrated that they exhibited greater potency in inhibiting hCA XII compared to hCA I, II, and IX, with Ki ranging from 5.1 to 51.1 nM. Compounds 3l and 3p displayed the highest potency, exhibiting selectivity ratios of I/XII >298.7 and 8.5, and II/XII ratios of 678.1 and 142.1, respectively. Molecular docking studies were conducted to explore their binding patterns within the binding pocket of CA XII. The results revealed that the sulfonamide NH group coordinated with the Zn2+ ion, and hydrogen bond interactions were observed with residue Thr200. Additionally, hydrophobic interactions were identified between the benzenesulfonamide phenyl ring and Leu198. Compounds 3p and 3l exhibited an additional hydrogen bonding interaction with other amino acid residues. These supplementary interactions may contribute to the enhanced potency and selectivity of these compounds toward the CA XII isoform.
Tracing growth patterns in cod (Gadus morhua L.) using bioenergetic modelling
Authors: Funk Steffen , Funk Nicole , Herrmann Jens‐Peter , Hinrichsen Hans‐Harald , Krumme Uwe , Möllmann Christian , Temming Axel
Published: November 2023

Understanding individual growth in commercially exploited fish populations is key to successful stock assessment and informed ecosystem‐based fisheries management. Traditionally, growth rates in marine fish are estimated using otolith age‐readings in combination with age‐length relationships from field samples, or tag‐recapture field experiments. However, for some species, otolith‐based approaches have been proven unreliable and tag‐recapture experiments suffer from high working effort and costs as well as low recapture rates. An important alternative approach for estimating fish growth is represented by bioenergetic modelling which in addition to pure growth estimation can provide valuable insights into the processes leading to temporal growth changes resulting from environmental and related behavioural changes. We here developed an individual‐based bioenergetic model for Western Baltic cod (Gadus morhua), traditionally a commercially important fish species that however collapsed recently and likely suffers from climate change effects. Western Baltic cod is an ideal case study for bioenergetic modelling because of recently gained in‐situ process knowledge on spatial distribution and feeding behaviour based on highly resolved data on stomachs and fish distribution. Additionally, physiological processes such as gastric evacuation, consumption, net‐conversion efficiency and metabolic rates have been well studied for cod in laboratory experiments. Our model reliably reproduced seasonal growth patterns observed in the field. Importantly, our bioenergetic modelling approach implementing depth‐use patterns and food intake allowed us to explain the potentially detrimental effect summer heat periods have on the growth of Western Baltic cod that likely will increasingly occur in the future. Hence, our model simulations highlighted a potential mechanism on how warming due to climate change affects the growth of a key species that may apply for similar environments elsewhere.
Non‐invasive sampling reveals low mitochondrial genetic diversity for an island endemic species: The critically endangered Grenada Dove Leptotila wellsi
Authors: Peters Catherine , Geary Matthew , Hosie Charlotte , Nelson Howard , Rusk Bonnie , Muir Anna
Published: November 2023

As an island endemic with a decreasing population, the critically endangered Grenada Dove Leptotila wellsi is threatened by accelerated loss of genetic diversity resulting from ongoing habitat fragmentation. Small, threatened populations are difficult to sample directly but advances in molecular methods mean that non‐invasive samples can be used. We performed the first assessment of genetic diversity of populations of Grenada Dove by (a) assessing mtDNA genetic diversity in the only two areas of occupancy on Grenada, (b) defining the number of haplotypes present at each site and (c) evaluating evidence of isolation between sites. We used non‐invasively collected samples from two locations: Mt Hartman (n = 18) and Perseverance (n = 12). DNA extraction and PCR were used to amplify 1751 bps of mtDNA from two mitochondrial markers: NADH dehydrogenase 2 (ND2) and Cytochrome b (Cyt b). Haplotype diversity (h) of 0.4, a nucleotide diversity (π) of 0.00023 and two unique haplotypes were identified within the ND2 sequences; a single haplotype was identified within the Cyt b sequences. Of the two haplotypes identified, the most common haplotype (haplotype A = 73.9%) was observed at both sites and the other (haplotype B = 26.1%) was unique to Perseverance. Our results show low mitochondrial genetic diversity and clear evidence for genetically isolated populations. The Grenada Dove needs urgent conservation action, including habitat protection and potentially augmentation of gene flow by translocation in order to increase genetic resilience and diversity with the ultimate aim of securing the long‐term survival of this critically endangered species.
Participatory energy futures as decision support on subnational scales
Authors: Copeland Claire
Published: November 2023

This paper argues the case for participatory exploratory energy futures development to assist net zero emissions decision making on subnational scales (local and regional authorities, communities, and neighbourhoods). There are many challenges for net zero decision making on subnational scales in the United Kingdom including a lack of statutory responsibility and societal consent for the local transformation required, and no allocation of emissions reduction to meet the national net zero emissions legislated target in aggregate. Participatory exploratory energy futures can contribute to addressing these challenges and support local decision making. This is by exploring diverse possible futures and understanding the capacity for local climate change mitigation. Participatory exploratory energy futures can act too as a seeding strategy for wider debates on a preferred local future. A framework for participatory exploratory energy futures using the 2 × 2 matrix method is proposed. It is envisaged that these exercises would be complementary to other activities on subnational scales such as climate assemblies or ‘mini‐publics’. Local electoral cycles and a lack of statutory responsibility can lead to there being a focus on implementing mini‐public recommendations that are feasible in the near term. The participatory exploratory futures developed explore possibilities for the local energy system and how it may evolve in a holistic manner not just in the near term but the longer term. When local policy and decision making is recognised as aligning with the desired rather than undesired future, this can motivate all in the herculean efforts to avoid dangerous levels of climate change.
Sustaining business as usual or enabling transformation? A discourse analysis of climate change mitigation policy in Swedish municipalities
Authors: Andersson Malin , Gyberg Veronica Brodén
Published: November 2023

This article explores how discourses may influence the potential for success in mitigating climate change in Swedish municipalities. We identify dominant discourses in climate change mitigation policy in three Swedish municipalities using argumentative discourse analysis, based on policy documents and interviews as empirical material. Political leadership and adequate organizational preconditions are necessary for working with climate change mitigation in municipalities, but the role of discourse is also significant. Policy discourse constructs preconditions for certain scenarios while rendering others less likely. Previous studies have shown that the ecological modernization (EM) discourse tends to be dominant, something which this study confirms and investigates further. We find that the dominant discourse is strong EM, which largely considers it possible to decouple economic growth and environmental problems through renewable energy and technology. A focus on collaboration between stakeholders is central and a global climate justice perspective is present to some extent. Potential solutions that are not related to the market or technological innovation risk being rendered invisible when this discourse is dominant, but the inclusion of a diversity of actors and an increased focus on climate justice could potentially minimize this risk. Finally, emerging discourses around transformation and circular economy have potential to enable the forging of new paths. This depends, however, on how these concepts are framed and how they are used.
Charge storage performance of a structurally flexible hybrid ionic liquid electrolyte
Authors: Tatrari Gaurav , Bhowmick Sourav , Filippov Andrei , An Rong , Shah Faiz Ullah
Published: November 2023

The electrochemical and charge storage performance of a fluorine‐free structurally flexible hybrid pyrrolidinium‐based ionic liquid electrolyte (HILE) in a symmetric graphite‐based supercapacitor is thoroughly investigated. The HILE revealed thermal decomposition at above 230°C, a glass transition (Tg) temperature of below −70°C, and ionic conductivity of 0.16 mS cm−1 at 30°C. The chemical and electrochemical properties are investigated using a systematic variable temperature 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy and diffusometry, cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and galvanostatic charge‐discharge (GCD). The supercapacitor demonstrated a notable specific capacitance of 186 F g−1 at a scan rate of 1 mV s−1 and a specific capacitance of 122 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. The maximum energy density of 48.8 Wh kg−1, a power density of 450 W kg−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1, and a potential window of 4 V were obtained. Altogether, this study demonstrates that the new HILE can be used in symmetric graphite‐based supercapacitors over a wide potential window of 4 V and a temperature range from −20°C to 90°C.
Ion cocktail therapy for myocardial infarction by synergistic regulation of both structural and electrical remodeling
Authors: Que Yumei , Shi Jiaxin , Zhang Zhaowenbin , Sun Lu , Li Hairu , Qin Xionghai , Zeng Zhen , Yang Xiao , Chen Yanxin , Liu Chong , Liu Chang , Sun Shijie , Jin Qishu , Zhang Yanxin , Li Xin , Lei Ming , Yang Chen , Tian Hai , Tian Jiawei , Chang Jiang
Published: November 2023

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Few drugs hold the ability to depress cardiac electrical and structural remodeling simultaneously after MI, which is crucial for the treatment of MI. The aim of this study is to investigate an effective therapy to improve both electrical and structural remodeling of the heart caused by MI. Here, an “ion cocktail therapy” is proposed to simultaneously reverse cardiac structural and electrical remodeling post‐MI in rats and minipigs by applying a unique combination of silicate, strontium (Sr) and copper (Cu) ions due to their specific regulatory effects on the behavior of the key cells involved in MI including angiogenesis of endothelial cells, M2 polarization of macrophages and apoptosis of cardiomyocyte. The results demonstrate that ion cocktail treatment attenuates structural remodeling post‐MI by ameliorating infarct size, promoting angiogenesis in both peri‐infarct and infarct areas. Meantime, to some extent, ion cocktail treatment reverses the deteriorative electrical remodeling by reducing the incidence rate of early/delayed afterdepolarizations and minimizing the heterogeneity of cardiac electrophysiology. This ion cocktail therapy reveals a new strategy to effectively treat MI with great clinical translation potential due to the high effectiveness and safety of the ion cocktail combination.
Citizens envisioning life in 2040: A qualitative corporate foresight study in London
Authors: Komonen Pauli , Jacobson Susanne
Published: November 2023

Urban living is changing. Citizens explore new lifestyles in practice and envision alternative urban futures. Companies, as significant stakeholders in cities, are building urban infrastructure and serving citizens' needs. To succeed in the future, companies must be able to navigate the complexity and diversity of evolving cities. However, former corporate foresight research on cities is sparse. This participatory corporate foresight study examines city life in 2040 by engaging a group of London citizens with a lead user profile. A qualitative multimethod approach, consisting of online diaries, a futures imagining workshop, and in‐depth interviews, explores citizens' images of the future and lifestyle changes. The lifestyle adjustments experienced during the COVID‐19 pandemic period have acted as a catalyst for novel personal and communal futures. The broad range of visions included both continuity and discontinuity, with a moderately optimistic undertone, and featured communal, infrastructural, ecological, and technological aspects of life. These visions emphasized sustainability in multiple areas of life and demonstrated the dynamic relationship of the past, present, and future. The methodological contribution of this paper lies in its multimethod approach, which enabled an agile collection of textual and audio‐visual datasets in both online and face‐to‐face contexts. This agility is particularly relevant in a corporate foresight context, where companies must balance efficiency, depth, and applicability while operating under resource constraints. The article also extends the lead user approach's use from individual products and services to the city environment and urban lifestyle in general.