bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moral Injury, Substance Use, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Military Personnel: An Examination of Trait Mindfulness as a Moderator
Authors: Davies Rachel L. , Prince Mark A. , Bravo Adrian J. , Kelley Michelle L. , Crain Tori L.
Published: May 2019

Mindfulness‐based approaches have been suggested as possible methods to treat moral injury in military personnel. However, empirical research has yet to evaluate if mindfulness acts as a protective factor for the possible negative effects of moral injury, such as alcohol use, drug use, or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. In this study, we investigated if five facets of mindfulness (i.e., observing, nonjudging, nonreactivity, awareness, and describing) moderated associations between moral injury and the outcomes of PTSD symptoms, alcohol misuse, and drug abuse symptoms in a sample of military personnel. Participants were 244 military personnel (the majority were former military members) who had been deployed at least once during the Iraq War, War in Afghanistan, other wars, or humanitarian missions. The study results indicated that nonjudging, β = −.22, and awareness, β = −.25, had significant attenuating effects on the association between moral injury and drug abuse symptoms. However, observing, β = .17; nonreactivity, β = .23; and describing, β = .15, had significant synergistic effects (i.e., they strengthened the association between moral injury and drug abuse symptoms). There were no significant moderation effects on the associations between moral injury and PTSD symptoms or between moral injury and alcohol misuse. Our results provide initial evidence that not all facets of mindfulness may protect against the challenges of coping with moral injury. Directions for future research and implications for practice are discussed.
Comparison of the Fat‐to‐Lesion Strain Ratio and the Gland‐to‐Lesion Strain Ratio With Controlled Precompression in Characterizing Indeterminate and Suspicious Breast Lesions on Ultrasound Imaging
Authors: Chee Charlyn , Lombardo Paul , Schneider Michal , Danovani Rameysh
Published: May 2019

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of the fat‐to‐lesion strain ratio (FLR) and gland‐to‐lesion strain ratio (GLR) for patients with indeterminate or suspicious breast lesions on ultrasound (US) imaging under a controlled precompression technique and to see whether the technique improves the reproducibility of FLR and GLR measurement.

Methods

Fifty‐three lesions in 39 consecutive patients who had scheduled core biopsy or excision surgery based on US findings were examined by US elastography. Each lesion was acquired under controlled precompression by 2 sonographers independently. Both the FLR and GLR of the lesion were calculated. For diagnostic performance, the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy were obtained. Interobserver reliability between different sonographers was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results

Forty lesions were benign, and 13 lesions were malignant. Both the FLR and GLR were significantly higher in malignant than benign lesions (P < .05). The FLR yielded higher accuracy and specificity compared to the GLR (accuracy, 79.2% versus 60.4%; and specificity, 87.5% versus 50.0%). With the controlled precompression applied at less than 25% during elastography, the interobserver agreement was excellent for FLR measurements (ICC, 0.853; 95% confidence interval, 0.738–0.920) and GLR measurements (ICC, 0.779; 95% confidence interval, 0.619–0.87).

Conclusions

The FLR performed better than the GLR in the detection of breast malignancy; thus, fatty tissue was a better reference tissue for calculating the strain ratio on malignant breast tumor elastography. Keeping precompression to less than 25% will enable different operators to acquire similar elastograms with reproducible FLR and GLR readings.
Fish‐scale pit effects on erosion and water runoff dynamics when positioned on a soil slope in the Loess Plateau region, China
Authors: Guo Huili , Zhang Binbin , Hill Robert L. , Wu Shufang , Dong Qingge , Sun Liquan , Zhang Kuandi
Published: May 2019

Soil moisture construction is a very important way to reduce soil erosion and maintain crop growth in arid and semiarid regions of China. A microcatchment technique for soil erosion prevention widely used on soil slopes on the Loess Plateau are fish‐scale pits (FSPs). This technique is combined with afforestation techniques to store runoff, interrupt the dynamics of soil erosion, and help mitigate frequent water deficiencies encountered by forest trees. This study investigated the effects of FSPs on soil erosion dynamics including rill formation and runoff. A three‐dimensional (3D) laser scanner was used to evaluate the erosion resistance of a 15° slope treated with FSPs arranged in a triangular pattern and the hydraulic characteristics of the flow on this slope during several intermittent simulated rainfall events. The following results were obtained. (a) The FSP‐treated slope displayed eight progressive stages of erosion: splash erosion, sheet erosion, scouring by water streams, formation of the scour pits, rill erosion, down‐slope erosion, up‐slope erosion, and collapse of the pit walls. (b) As the rainfall duration increased, the runoff velocities at various locations on the slope fluctuated, but generally, the runoff velocities were significantly higher in the down‐slope positions than for the midslope and upslope positions. When the cumulative rainfall duration reached approximately 58 min and the total rainfall reached approximately 88.5 mm, the ability of the FSPs to intercept and store runoff rapidly decreased. In the first two rainfall events, both the runoff reduction benefits (RRB) and sediment reduction benefits (SRB) were positive, but following the third rainfall event, the SRB and RRB of the FSPs were negative. The accuracy of erosion parameters extracted using the 3D laser equipment and the ArcGIS software in comparison with the measured rill erosion parameters all less than 10%. The relative error between the measured sediment and the calculated sediment is within 5.66–22.13%. (c) During the rainfall process, the flow on the upslope was constantly in the laminar regime, but after the FSPs were completely filled with water, the laminar flow on the downslope transitioned into a turbulent flow. (d) As the cumulative rainfall duration increased, the degree of topographic relief and the number of rills increased, as did the measurements of surface roughness and flow resistance. In conclusion, the microcatchment methods reduced the rill erodibility and enhanced the soil's resistance to concentrated flow erosion.
Equal relevance of omega‐3 and omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids for the fitness of Daphnia spp.
Authors: Ilić Maja , Werner Christian , Fink Patrick
Published: May 2019

Essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been recognized as a crucial factor that determines the trophic transfer efficiency in plankton communities. As many animals cannot synthesize the classes of ω3‐ and ω6‐PUFAs, the dietary availability of these PUFAs can constrain the fitness of freshwater zooplankton such as Daphnia spp. In particular, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5ω3) is considered to be a crucial determinant of the transfer of biomass at the freshwater plant‐herbivore interface. In contrast to ω3‐PUFAs, the group of ω6‐PUFAs has previously been considered to be of less ecological relevance, although the potential role of the ω6‐PUFA arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4ω6) remains controversial. To investigate its potential role, we conducted dose‐response growth experiments with two Daphnia species, D. pulex and D. magna, supplemented with EPA or ARA, which allowed us to calculate EPA and ARA saturation thresholds for growth and reproduction of both Daphnia species. Our results provide evidence that not only the availability of ω3‐PUFAs, but also the availability of a ω6‐PUFA, namely ARA, can limit both the growth and reproduction of Daphnia spp. to an equal extent. The saturation thresholds for growth and reproduction were consistently, but not significantly, higher for EPA than for ARA in both Daphnia species. As shifts in phytoplankton community composition might result in environmental fluctuations in the dietary availability of ω3‐ and ω6‐PUFAs, our findings present a significant step in understanding the consequences of the ongoing global biodiversity loss for trophic transfer efficiency at the phytoplankton‐zooplankton interface.
Combined Markers to Assess Meat Intake—Human Metabolomic Studies of Discovery and Validation
Authors: Cuparencu Cătălina , Rinnan Åsmund , Dragsted Lars O.
Published: May 2019

Scope

Biomarkers of red meat may clarify the relationship between meat intake and health. This paper explores the discovery of biomarkers of intake for three types of meat with varying heme iron content. Candidate biomarkers for red and general meat are further evaluated based on defined validation criteria.

Methods and results

In a randomized cross‐over meal study, healthy volunteers consume a randomized sequence of four test meals: chicken, pork, beef, and a control made of egg white and pea. Fasting and postprandial urine samples are collected to cover 48 h and profiled by untargeted LC‐ESI‐qTOF‐MS metabolomics. The profiles following the meal challenges are explored by univariate and multivariate analyses. Nine red, four white, and eight general meat biomarkers are selected as putative biomarkers, originating from collagen degradation, flavour compounds, and amino acid metabolism. Heme‐related metabolites are masked by the chlorophyll content of the control meal. The candidate biomarkers are confirmed in an independent meal study and validated for plausibility, robustness, time‐response, and prediction performance. Combinations of biomarkers are more efficient than single markers in predicting meat intake.

Conclusion

New combinations of partially validated biomarkers are proposed to assess terrestrial meat intake and thus help disentangle the effects of meat consumption on human health.
Online evaluation of the process noise covariance matrix for event‐based state estimators
Authors: Martínez‐Rey Miguel , Santos Carlos , Nieto Rubén , Losada Cristina , Espinosa Felipe
Published: May 2019

In state estimation, adjusting the process noise covariance matrix is an important and often difficult task. Well‐known methods use the innovation vector to perform an adaptive adjustment, but when using event‐based sensors, the innovation vector is not available for the estimator. We propose an online method for adjusting the process noise covariance matrix using the expected and observed event rates, which is based on the golden section search optimization algorithm. Simulation results confirm the suitability and efficiency of our proposed method. The process noise covariance parameter converges to the actual covariance iteratively, reducing the sensor transmission rate and the estimation error.
Body image issues and attitudes towards exercise amongst men undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) following diagnosis of prostate cancer
Authors: Gentili Caterina , McClean Stuart , Hackshaw‐McGeagh Lucy , Bahl Amit , Persad Raj , Harcourt Diana
Published: May 2019

Background

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is an established treatment for prostate cancer (PCa), but its side‐effects can affect body appearance and functioning. However, research into the impact of ADT on body image is limited. Exercise can help patients to counterbalance some side‐effects, potentially improving body image too. However, adherence to exercise recommendations is low. Therefore, we explored body image after ADT and attitudes towards exercise.

Methods

Twenty two semi‐structured interviews were conducted with PCa patients receiving ADT (Mage = 67.9 years old, SD = 9.99).

Results

Participants expressed appearance dissatisfaction focusing on body feminization. Participants exercised to counterbalance ADT side‐effects and improve mood. Exercise also helped them to re‐establish a sense of control over their body and experience a sense of achievement. However, some men described being worried that their appearance and physical performance would be judged by others, so they often exercised alone or gave up exercise. Time management and fatigue were also identified as exercise barriers.

Conclusion

These findings highlight the need to further investigate body image concerns and exercise barriers in PCa patients undergoing ADT. These results could also inform support groups and health care professionals on the topic. However, further research should explore the most effective and acceptable ways to provide support to PCa patients on body image issues.
Wet Synthesis of Energetic Aluminum Hydride
Authors: Park Mijeong , Kim Wooram , Kwon Younja , Kim Junhyung , Jo Youngmin
Published: May 2019

Aluminum hydride (alane, AlH3) is a promising candidate material for solid propulsion, explosives and beyond, particularly in the aerospace field due to its high energetic capacity. This study attempted to produce a stable alane structure through a wet chemical synthesis process. Preliminary dissolution of starting reactants in ether produced a consistent crystal structure (cubic shape) and elemental constituents analogous to the theoretical composition. The chemical structure, when examined by XRD, matched well with the standard reference α‐type alane, and the resulting particle size of the precipitated α‐type alane ranged from 7 to 13 μm. A pivotal step in the alane synthesis was selective crystallization from the liquid phase alane−etherate (AlH3 ⋅ (Et2O)n), followed by acid treatment of the precipitated particulate alanes using an appropriately mixed solution.
A sticky situation: honeydew of the pear psylla disrupts feeding by its predator Orius sauteri
Authors: Ge Yang , Liu Pingping , Zhang Liu , Snyder William E , Smith Olivia M , Shi Wangpeng
Published: May 2019

Background

Honeydew is valuable food source for predators that can build predator numbers and strengthen biological control. Honeydew excreted by hemipterans often supplements the diets of their predators and parasitoids. However, dense sticky honeydew also creates a difficult foraging environment, potentially limiting predator efficiency.

Results

We examined the benefits and costs of honeydew excreted by the pear psylla (Cacopsylla chinensis [Yang and Li]) for its key predator in much of Asia, the anthocorid bug Orius sauteri (Poppius). We found these predators spent more time foraging and laid more eggs in the presence of psyllid honeydew compared to the control. However, predators more often foraged among psylla without honeydew than those coated in honeydew. This suggests that while O. sauteri recognized honeydew as a useful cue to prey presence, the predators were more likely to attack pear psylla lacking the sugary excretion. In foraging trials, honeydew consistently reduced the number of psyllids killed by the predator, suggesting it limited O. sauteri mobility or reduced the nutritional value of psyllids as prey. We also found slowed development, reduced longevity, and reduced fecundity of O. sauteri reared on moth eggs (Sitotroga cerealella [Olivier]) coated in honeydew compared to those reared on moth eggs alone.

Conclusion

Altogether, our results suggest that psyllid honeydew could serve as a prey‐location and oviposition cue for O. sauteri. However, honeydew also limited predator foraging with the potential to limit biological control. More generally, honeydew might form an important type of defense for stationary feeders like psyllids. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Ion‐Induced Defects in Graphite: A Combined Kelvin Probe and Raman Microscopy Investigation
Authors: Rodriguez Raul D. , Khan Zoheb , Ma Bing , Mukherjee Ashutosh , Meszmer Peter , Kalbacova Jana , Garratt Elias , Shah Harsha , Heilmann Jens , Hight Walker Angela R. , Wunderle Bernhard , Sheremet Evgeniya , Hietschold Michael , Zahn Dietrich R. T.
Published: May 2019

Carbon nanomaterials are important for future sensors and electronics. Defects determine the material properties, therefore, it is critical to find new ways to investigate defects at the nanoscale. In this context, Raman spectroscopy (RS) is the tool of choice to study defects in carbon nanomaterials. On the other hand, Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) provides structural and surface potential information at the nanoscale. Here, the authors demonstrate the synergistic application of these methods in the investigation of ion‐beam‐induced defects in graphite. KPFM and RS imaging are used for visualizing ion‐induced defects in a wide range of ion doses from 1010 to 1016 ions cm−2. For the lower range of ion dose, the authors find that RS provides image contrast for the different defect regions in graphite up to a dose of 5 × 1013 ions cm−2. For higher doses, the sp2 carbon concentration becomes so small that the Raman spectra get dominated by broad amorphous carbon bands. For this dose range, the KPFM contrast allows the defective regions to be differentiated. This contrast in KPFM originates from sp3 carbons that act as charge traps. The results show that KPFM and Raman microscopy make a powerful and necessary combination for studying the spatial distribution of defects in carbon.
Tunable PMA and Interfacial Microstructure Induced by a Hf(HfO2) Interfacial Spacer in MTJs with Two MgO Layers
Authors: Li Minghua , Wang Shuanghai , Zhang Shijie , Fang Shuai , Cao Xingzhong , Wang Baoyi , Zhang Peng , Yu Guanghua
Published: May 2019

The insertion of a metal (metal oxide) layer in a ferromagnetic layer is highly effective for tailoring the interfacial microstructures of magnetic multilayers and consequently their physical, chemical, and magnetic properties. In this study, the authors add Hf (HfO2) spacer layers to magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with two MgO layers to ensure the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) of the films after annealing at 375 °C. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy shows that the MgO and Ta layers are partially crystallized, while the CoFeB layers are predominantly amorphous. The different Ta, MgO, and CoFeB layers can be easily distinguished by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that some HfO2 is formed when the film is deposited, and more HfO2 is formed during annealing. More Fe and Co oxides are also formed as oxygen reduced from BOx and MgO combines with Fe and Co in the CoFeB layer, which strengthens the PMA. The results indicate that the insertion of a metal (metal oxide) layer is an effective way to improve the magnetic properties of MTJs.
Tunneling Through a Multi‐Unit Graphene Superlattice
Authors: Choubabi El Bouâzzaoui , Kamal Abdellatif , Jellal Ahmed
Published: May 2019

Using Chebyshev polynomials, the tunneling effect of massless Dirac fermions is studied in a multi‐unit graphene superlattice composed of three regions. Matching the wavefunctions and using the transfer matrix method, the transmission probability, the conductance, and Fano factor are explicitly determined. It is shown that extra Dirac points appear at the transverse wave vector ky =0 and incident energy ϵ = mπ, with m integer value. At these points, the transmission probability has transmission gaps, the conductance is minimal and the Fano factor reaches a maximum. Consequently for a potential and with energy range , (m + 1) transmission gaps located at ϵ = mπ are found. The influence of the main parameter of our theory, distance q2, on the transmission is examined.
Detecting bliss synergy in in vivo combination studies with a tumor kinetic model
Authors: Zhao Wei , Vicini Paolo , Novick Steven , Anderton Judith , Davies Gareth , DAngelo Gina , O'Day Terrance , Yu Binbing , Harper Jay , Narwal Rajesh , Roskos Lorin , Yang Harry
Published: May 2019

Linear models are generally reliable methods for analyzing tumor growth in vivo, with drug effectiveness being represented by the steepness of the regression slope. With immunotherapy, however, not all tumor growth follows a linear pattern, even after log transformation. Tumor kinetics models are mechanistic models that describe tumor proliferation and tumor killing macroscopically, through a set of differential equations. In drug combination studies, although an additional drug‐drug interaction term can be added to such models, however, the drug interactions suggested by tumor kinetics models cannot be translated directly into synergistic effects. We have developed a novel statistical approach that simultaneously models tumor growth in control, monotherapy, and combination therapy groups. This approach makes it possible to test for synergistic effects directly and to compare such effects among different studies.
Quantifying the role of individual diabatic processes for the formation of PV anomalies in a North Pacific cyclone
Authors: Attinger Roman , Spreitzer Elisa , Boettcher Maxi , Forbes Richard , Wernli Heini , Joos Hanna
Published: May 2019

Processes that do not conserve potential vorticity (PV) have a profound impact on the intensity, evolution, and mesoscale details of extratropical weather systems. This study aims at quantifying and improving the understanding of how and when physical processes modify PV in cyclones. To this end, a 6‐day forecast of a North Pacific cyclone is performed using a recent operational version of the ECMWF global numerical weather prediction model. Hourly instantaneous temperature and momentum tendencies of each parametrized process are used to compute the corresponding PV tendencies. By integrating these diabatic PV rates along backward trajectories, the relative contribution of individual processes for the PV budget can be assessed. The cold front is characterized by an elongated filament of increased PV, generated by latent heating due to condensation at the front as well as long‐wave radiative cooling at the surface. Turbulent mixing at the interface of the boundary layer decreases PV behind the cold front during the early stage of the cyclone, while sublimation of snow produces negative PV in the mature phase. A broad region of enhanced PV is found along the warm front, generated by condensation and turbulence at the front as well as long‐wave radiative cooling at the surface. The region of decreased PV north of the warm front is mainly modified by snow melting and sublimation. Finally, high values of PV along the bent‐back front and the cyclone centre are generated by condensation, convection, snow melting and sublimation. In general, turbulent mixing offsets intense PV modification induced by the other processes. This study highlights the relevance of condensation, melting and sublimation of snow, long‐wave radiative cooling, turbulence, and convection for the production of low‐level PV anomalies and underlines the importance of correctly representing these processes in weather prediction models.
Improved accuracy and precision of water stable isotope measurements using the direct vapour equilibration method
Authors: Mattei Alexandra , Barbecot Florent , Guillon Sophie , Goblet Patrick , Hélie Jean‐François , Meyzonnat Guillaume
Published: May 2019

Rationale

A method to measure the δ2H and δ18O composition of pore water in soil samples using direct vapour equilibration and laser spectrometry was first described in 2008, and was rapidly adopted. Here, we describe an improved setup to measure pore water δ2H and δ18O values through direct vapour equilibration with a laser spectrometer, combining a liquid and a vapour mode for water isotope analyses, and resulting in improved accuracy.

Methods

We first tested new gas sampling bags as part of the equilibration protocol. Then, to assess measurement accuracy, vapour samples from equilibrated liquid waters of known isotope composition were measured in the liquid mode of the analyser using the new setup as well as the manufacturer's vapour mode. Various modes of preparing liquid water standards, namely equilibration, nebulisation, and vapourisation, were tested to determine the best calibration in terms of accuracy. Finally, the proposed modified liquid setup was validated by analysing water vapour equilibrated from soil pore water of a known composition.

Results

The δ2H and δ18O measurements were found to be more accurate by the modified liquid mode than by the factory‐setup vapour mode. The strong and non‐linear dependence of measured δ2H and δ18O values on H2O concentration in vapour mode, especially at concentrations equal to the vapour pressure saturation typically found in laboratories, is problematic for corrections. Regarding calibration and standards, the use of two equilibrated liquid water standards was found to best calibrate measurements in the modified liquid setup. Finally, the modified liquid mode setup and its calibration, as described here, were shown to be appropriate for soil pore water analysis.

Conclusions

The proposed modified setup results in more precise δ2H and δ18O soil pore water values than the usual protocols. An average standard deviation of 0.04‰ for δ18O values and 0.3‰ for δ2H values, based on 228 soil sample analyses, was obtained.
5‐2: Fluorescent OLED Achieving External Quantum Efficiency over 20% and Longer Lifetime than Phosphorescent OLED
Authors: Seo Satoshi , Haruyama Takuya , Ohishi Anna , Ohsawa Nobuharu , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: May 2019

This paper reports an exciton‐harvesting fluorescent OLED achieving an external quantum efficiency of 22% and three times longer lifetime than a phosphorescent OLED in the same emission color. A fluorescent dopant designed to prevent Dexter energy transfer from an energy donor plays an important role in such high performance.
5‐5: Late‐News Paper: Low‐Power‐Consumption Flexible AMOLED Display with Highly Efficient TE‐Type Blue OLED
Authors: Umeda Tokiyoshi , Tsukamoto Yuto , Zhang Bai , Jo Tomoaki , Imada Hiroshi , Kawato Shinichi , Mitsui Seiichi
Published: May 2019

Low‐power‐consumption 6.18” WQHD+ flexible AMOLED displays with highly efficient top‐emission type blue OLEDs have been developed. Using a blue emitter with narrow spectrum and short peak wavelength, which indicates deep blue chromaticity, the AMOLED displays show 11% lower power consumption at entire white image.
9‐1: Invited Paper: Metal‐oxide readout electronics based on Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc‐Oxide and Indium‐Tin‐Zinc‐Oxide for in‐panel fingerprint detection application
Authors: Papadopoulos Nikolaos , Steudel Soeren , Smout Steve , Willegems Myriam , Nag Manoj , Ameys Marc , Kronemeijer Auke Jisk , Heremans Paul , Myny Kris
Published: May 2019

This work describes integrated readout electronics for on‐panel fingerprint detection, focusing on two key building blocks: charge sense amplifier (CSA) and analog‐to‐digital converter (ADC). The CSA has been realized in a dual‐gate self‐aligned IGZO thin‐film transistor (TFT) technology with channel length downsizing to 3µm, enabling 1.3mm bezel size for the peripheral readout electronics and 1fps readout of a 1‐Mpixel 500dpi sensor array. The ADC has been realized in two different transistor technologies, IGZO and Indium‐Tin‐Zinc‐Oxide (ITZO). The ITZO ADC achieves a sampling rate of 1kS/s, which is 7.5x faster compared to the IGZO ADC, due to the larger mobility of ITZO.
11‐5: Late‐News Paper: High PPI Micro LED Display for Small and Medium Size
Authors: Nakamitsu Sho , Ito Hiroaki , Suzuki Takanobu , Nishide Masahiko , Imaizumi Kunio , Yamanoguchi Katsumi , Rahadian Fanny , Aoki Katsumi , Matsuda Seiji , Yokoyama Ryoichi
Published: May 2019

Our Micro LED Display achieved PPI the best in class based on LTPS display technologies, such as circuit design on a glass substrate, micro‐fabrication technology, and multi‐layer process. A full color display is realized with rich color reproduction by controlling each independent LED chip of RGB in accordance with chip characteristics.
37‐2: Development of high mobility top gate IGZO‐TFT for OLED display.
Authors: Takeda Yujiro , Kobayashi Shunsuke , Murashige Shogo , Ito Kazuatsu , Ishida Izumi , Nakajima Shinji , Matsukizono Hiroshi , Makita Naoki
Published: May 2019

We report the high performance top gate IGZO‐TFT for OLED display. By optimizing the conditions of process, we fabricated the transistor with mobility from 7 to 32 cm2 /Vs with enhanced threshold voltage. They also have reliability PBT/NBT enough to use application. Finally, the prototype 12.3” ultrawide flexible OLED display was successfully demonstrated.
40‐4: High‐Temperature Operational Stability of Deep‐Red Phosphorescent OLED with Exciplex‐Forming Host Material and Guest Material
Authors: Yamaguchi Tomoya , Inoue Hideko , Kido Hiromitsu , Sasaki Toshiki , Ohsawa Nobuharu , Seo Satoshi , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: May 2019

Our deep‐red phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) demonstrated a long lifetime at 85°C. This durability was derived not only from a stable exciplex host but also from a dopant with high thermal resistivity. The exciplex host made by a premix technique also worked as well as that made by co‐deposition.
44‐1: Photo Sensors Embedded within TFT‐LCD with Three Primary Colors Optical Touch Function
Authors: Kuo Chia-Wei , Hung Ching-Lang , Liao Yi-Yang , Tsai Lo-Hsien , Tzeng Bo-Shiang , Lu Shao-Ping , Liu Yu-Jung , Lin Ching-Huan , Chiang Min-Feng , Lin Yu-Chieh , Yu Jian-Shen
Published: May 2019

In this paper, a 15‐inch XGA TFT‐LCD with embedded 113×256 three primary colors photo sensors is successfully developed by a‐Si:H TFT. Each photo sensor consists of one TFT switch, one storage capacitor and diode‐connected TFTs covered with color filters of three primary colors (red, green, and blue). The diode‐connected TFTs include a recently proposed white‐light photocurrent gating (WPCG) sub‐circuit to suppress the effects of ambient light illumination.
44‐2: Distinguished Paper: A Full Integration of Electromagnetic Resonance Sensor and Capacitive Touch Sensor into LCD
Authors: Uchino Satoshi , Azumi Kohei , Katsuta Tadayoshi , Suzuki Daich , Ozawa Yutaka , Sakai Toshirou , Mitsuzawa Yutaka
Published: May 2019

We have developed a transmissive and reflective LCD which integrates electromagnetic resonance and capacitive touch sensors using existing in‐cell process. This technology has a good SNR of 42.5dB for electromagnetic resonance pen sensing and contributes the added benefits for thin design, lightweight panel, compared to conventional LCD techniques.
44‐3: 3D Piezo‐Capacitive Touch with Capability to Distinguish Conductive and Non‐Conductive Touch Objects for On‐Screen Organic User Interface in LCD and Foldable OLED Display Application
Authors: de Dieu B. Mugiraneza Jean , Maruyama Takenori , Yamamoto Takuma , Sugita Yasuhiro
Published: May 2019

We propose a 3D touch sensor technology that uses transparent P(VDF‐TrFE) layer and pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) to allow high resolution dynamic and static pressure sensing. Combining with our proposed electrode design; inherent sensor is able not only detect multi touches and pressures but also to distinguish type of touching object. The pressure as low as 250g/cm2 comparable to make force of keyboards can be detected. The sensor is fabricated on display using thin film technology compatible to LCD and OLED displays process. Sensor potentially allows and distinguish conductive and non‐conductive touch which gives advantage for thick gloves touch input and reduces typo errors for pressure input.

As a result, this technology is promising for good performance on‐screen keyboard application. As the fabrication process is suitable to flexible substrate, application in flexible and foldable display is anticipated.
46‐2: Invited Paper: A Flexible OLED Display with Robustness and Bendability
Authors: Eguchi Shingo , Kato Sho , Kamada Taisuke , Suematsu Yui , Nakamura Daiki , Nagata Takaaki , Aoyama Tomoya , Sugisawa Nozomu , Toyotaka Kouhei , Katayama Masahiro , Adachi Hiroki , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: May 2019

This study aims to focus on a cover film with a considerably low Young's modulus to achieve robust and flexible displays. We fabricated a prototype flexible display with such a film on its surface and achieved a display with robustness and bendability, which can be used in various applications.
52‐4: Highest PPI Micro‐OLED Display Sustain for Near‐eye Application
Authors: LU Pengcheng , Huang Guanda , Yang Shengji , Chen Xiaochuan , Dong Xue , Wang Hui , Wang Yanming , Xuan Minghua , Zhang Can , Yang Ming , Wang Can , Yue Han
Published: May 2019

The paper presents the highest 5644 PPI Micro‐display completion which performs the FHD resolution in one 0.39 inch display. A 4.5um pixel by sub‐pixel rendering (SPR) technic is applied to achieve the demonstration in reliable and qualified image performance for near‐eye application especially in the field of virtual reality (VR)and augmented reality (AR).
58‐1: Distinguished Paper: Bezel Free Design of Organic Light Emitting Diode Display via a‐InGaZnO Gate Driver Circuit Integration within Active Array
Authors: Kim Kyung Min , Han Inhyo , Park Hae Jin , Noh Seok , Jang Young In , Oh Kilhwan , Kim Bumsik , Kang In-Byeong
Published: May 2019

In this article, we described an innovative design technology of organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, to provide a bezel free design. To demonstrate it, we located gate driver circuit of amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide thin‐film transistors (TFTs) within the active array, and have successfully prevented capacitive coupling and interference between the emission circuit and gate driver circuit. Finally, we have successfully demonstrated bezel free designed OLED display of 18.3″ HD (1366x768, 85ppi) driven by a‐InGaZnO TFTs.
61‐3: Invited Paper: CIE Activities on Wide Colour Gamut and High Dynamic Range Imaging
Authors: Hung Po-Chieh
Published: May 2019

International Commission on Illumination (CIE) is an international organization working on the fundamental and scientific issues that can be applied to the evaluation of wide colour gamut (WCG) and high dynamic range (HDR) imaging. A model to estimate cone sensitivity with respect to age and field‐of‐view can be used to evaluate metamerism for WCG displays. CIE is developing new uniform colour space applicable for it in consideration of adaptations.
63‐2: Room Temperature Curable Liquid Optically Clear Adhesive for Automotive Display
Authors: Yoshitake Makoto , Swatowski Brandon
Published: May 2019

A silicone‐based optically clear adhesive, exhibiting low shrinkage, enhanced cure performance, and stable reliability, is described. The target utility of the adhesive is to provide a reliable silicone solution for the fabrication of high‐quality display modules that require long‐term reliability, such as outdoor applications and automotive displays. This paper describes the performance of DOWSIL™ VE‐12XX series silicone‐based optically clear adhesives which provide quick cure behavior even at room temperature, enable high throughput optical bonding processes and higher performance reliability due to a unique rheology for enhanced adhesion and stress release performance.
77‐1: Invited Paper: Liquid Crystals beyond Displays: Smart Antennas and Digital Optics
Authors: Fritzsch Carsten , Snow Benjamin , Sargent Joe , Klass Dagmar , Kaur Sarabjot , Parri Owain
Published: May 2019

Applications of Liquid Crystals (LC) beyond displays have gained increasing interest throughout established material and display industries as well as disruptive startup companies. In this paper we describe new materials and device concepts for smart antennas and digital optics applications.
P‐2: Effect of Buffer Layer on Performance and Reliability of Flexible a‐IGZO TFTs Fabricated on Colorless Polyimide of G4.5
Authors: Xie Hua-Fei , Shi Yu , Lu Ma-Cai , Liu Nian , Li Zhu-Hui , Wen Lei , Mei Xue-Ru , Chen Shu-Jhih , Zhang Sheng-Dong , Lee Chia-Yu
Published: May 2019

A series of gas barrier films on colorless polyimide substrates are studied at G4.5 backplane. The performances of barrier layer and TFT are identified by the film‐forming temperature, film structure, reliabilities, NBTIS and WVTR. The use of a SiNx‐SiOx (100nm–500nm) at PECVD temperature 285/295 °C resulted in the best light transmittance and reliabilities, and the electrical properties of a‐IGZO TFTs on glass is better than on cPI. The WVTR value of the SiNx‐SiOx (100nm–500nm) barrier layer on cPI are calculated to be 8.5×10−5 g/(m2‐day) at 37.8°C/100% RH, the NBTIS are improved after LLO and are deterioration after WVTR test. It is believed that the moisture and hydrogen diffusion from the underlying layers including cPI and environment atmosphere can be effectively suppressed by SiNx‐SiOx (100nm–500nm) barrier, and a flexible array backplane is demonstrated by means of these methods.
P‐3: A Study on the Hot Carrier Effect in InGaZnO Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Park Hyun-Woo , Bae Jungmin , Kang Hara , Kim Dae Hwan , Jung PyongGil , Park HyeKyung , Lee SeokRyoul , Bae Jong Uk , Yoon Soo Yong , Kang Inbyeong
Published: May 2019

This study provides the most plausible origin of the drain current drop (DCD) phenomenon by hot carrier effect in InGaZnO thin film transistors (IGZO‐TFTs). The degraded performance of IGZO‐TFTs after the DCD phenomenon was related to the charge trapping and modification of the electronic structure by collision of an IGZO matrix with hot carriers.
P‐8: A Depletion‐Mode Compatible Gate Driver on Array for a‐IGZO TFT‐OLED Displays
Authors: Wang Ying , Liao Congwei , Zhang Shengdong
Published: May 2019

The a‐IGZO TFTs integrated gate driver being compatible depletion‐mode device is proposed for AMOLEDs. The circuit features a bootstrapping inverter, which is initialized by global signal and controlled by cascading gate‐driving signals. Two sets of clocks with different low voltages are employed. Enhanced stability and reduced power consumption is thus resulted. The circuit can generate ultra‐wide compensation signals for AMOLED displays even with Vth of ‐6 V.
P‐22: The Pixel Circuit of Out‐Pixel Compensation for LTPS PMOS OLED Displays
Authors: Yin Xinshe , Dong Tian , Huangfu Lujiang , Liu Libin , Shi Shiming
Published: May 2019

A 4T1C pixel circuit of out‐pixel compensation and the driving methods are proposed for LTPS PMOS OLED displays. The in‐pixel circuit is only to sense the characteristics of driving TFTs and write the driving voltage into its storage capacitor. The compensation is implemented by the out‐pixel circuits. The sensing period is separated from the driving period so that there is enough sensing time for the driving TFT to establish the stable sensing‐line voltage included the threshold voltage (Vth) information.
P‐29: Solution‐processed Single‐walled Carbon Nanotube Thin Film Transistors In‐situ Patterned by Inkjet‐printing of Surface Treatment Material
Authors: Kim Hyeonggyu , Seo Jiseok , Seong Narkhyeon , Kim Taehoon , Lee Seunghwan , Hong Yongtaek
Published: May 2019

We introduce inkjet printing of Poly‐L‐Lysine (PLL) technique to in‐situ pattern the solution‐processed and directly deposited random networks of single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT). And based on this technique, we successfully implemented 8 × 8 SWCNT thin film transistors (TFTs) array on the Si/SiO2 substrate.
P‐51: Design of Integrated Gate drivers with Low Temperature Poly‐Silicon Thin Film Transistor
Authors: Zheng Can , Liu Libin , Chen Yipeng , Lu Jiangnan , Shi Shiming
Published: May 2019

A couple of gate drivers are fabricated with LTPS TFTs in this paper. In order to improve the stabilization of the circuit output, the three TFTs’ structure are utilized in the scan circuit and the method of inserting a TFT is adopted in the emission circuit. Moreover, high temperature operation at 85 °C within 240 hours and low temperature operation at −40 °C within 240 hours without failure show the useful stabilization of the proposed circuits. Finally, a 5.5‐in. QHD OLED panel on substrate was successfully demonstrated with the gate driver circuits.
P‐90: Image Enhancement of 3D Holographic Head‐Up Display Using Multi‐Constraints Angular Spectrum Algorithm
Authors: Shen Che-Yung , Cheng Yi , Huang Shang-Hao , Huang Yi-Pai
Published: May 2019

The digital holographic projection has been developed rapidly in recent years. It is expected to be applied to 3D displays like VR, AR, and HUD. However, the issues about the low image quality remain unsolved. In this paper, a new method called multi‐constraints angular spectrum algorithm is proposed to enhance the image quality and is demonstrated in HUD.
P‐127: The Substrate Thickness Dependence on Micro LED Chip Arrays
Authors: Yang Shu-Mei , Wang Po-Hsun , Chao Chia-Hsin , Chu Chun-Wen , Chen Yu-Sheng , Chang Feng-Pin , Fang Yen-Hsiang , Lin Chien-Chung , Wu Chih-I
Published: May 2019

A simulation scheme was developed to explore the light distribution of full‐color micro scale LED arrays. We investigated the influence of substrate thickness on emitting efficiency, color variation and visual appearance. The result shows that the substrate thickness affects the light output distribution. The angular color variation of micro LED arrays with substrate can be reduced by almost 73% than the micro LED arrays without substrate. The emitting efficiency also increases by more than 61%. The experimental verification was conducted to compare the simulation result of 225µmx125µm mini LED with substrate 90µm thickness, and the result shows good consistency.
P‐129: Theoretical Analysis of Carrier‐Injection Behavior for QLEDs
Authors: Kim Sun-Kyo , Lee Woo-Jin , Choi Jong-Sun , Kim Yong-Seog
Published: May 2019

Current injection behavior for QLEDs was theoretically analyzed, assuming traps are in Gaussian distribution in energy levels. The effects of several key factors on the carrier injection behavior was investigated. Our calculated results show that modulating parameters including Schottky barrier is not effective way to to enhance the efficacy of QLEDs.
P‐203: Late‐News Poster: Integrated Full‐Color RGB Superluminescent LED Module for Micro‐Displays
Authors: Primerov Nikolay , Dahdah Jean , Gloor Stefan , Matuschek Nicolai , von Niederhäusern Tim , Castiglia Antonino , Malinverni Marco , Mounir Christian , Rossetti Marco , Duelk Marcus , Vélez Christian
Published: May 2019

We present the first light source module that is realized with RGB superluminescent LEDs in a compact 14‐pin butterfly housing for speckle‐free display applications. The module provides a free‐space output with collimated RGB beams that are colinearly aligned having 10 mW output power per color.
P‐141: Research on the Improvements of Invisibility of Metal Mesh Touch Panel and Influencing Factors
Authors: Zhang Xinxiu , Guo Zongjie , Xie Xiaodong , Xu Zouming , Yang Zhongzheng , Wang Min HeJing
Published: May 2019

This thesis takes the metal mesh touch panels as the research objects, firstly discusses the factors that affect the optical invisibility of metal electrode. In order to obtain the best production conditions for the optical invisibility, various parameters of design and process are researched through the software simulation and experiment. Finally, the effects of new technology on the metal mesh invisibility are also studied.
P‐174: Improved Operation Lifetime of Highly Efficient Sky‐Blue TADF OLEDs using Hexaphenylbenzene‐based Hole‐transporters
Authors: Ito Nozomi , Kamata Takahiro , Sasabe Hisahiro , Igarashi Masahiro , Kido Junji
Published: May 2019

We successfully develped highly efficient 5TCzBN‐based sky‐blue TADF OLEDs exhibiting maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 21.6 % and operation lifetime at 50 % (LT50) of approximately 1,800 hours at an initial luminance of 500 cd m–2. Here, novel hexaphenylbenzene‐based sterically bulky hole‐transporters named 4DBTHPB and 4DBFHPB with deep Ip of –5.8 eV and high ET of 2.7 eV were used to improve the operation lifetime.
P‐178: Flexible AMOLED Display Fabricated by Mask‐less Digital Lithography Technology
Authors: Chen Wei-Chung , Liou Wei-Tong , Jung Chi-Wen , Chen Glory , Ho Jia-Chong , Chen Janglin , Lee Cheng-Chung
Published: May 2019

Low temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) TFT backplane for AMOLED display was successfully demonstrated on PI substrate by mask‐less digital lithography technology (DLT). LTPS TFTs fabricated with resolution of 4µm and overlay accuracy within 1.5µm, show electrical properties: field‐effect mobility of 70 cm2/Vs, Vth of −0.31 V, and S.S. of 0.37 V/decade, respectively.
P‐186: Reducing Angular Color Shift in RGB OLEDs by the Introduction of a Circular Polarizer with a Diffractive Optical Element
Authors: Xu Wei-Feng , Hong Cyun-Tai , Kuo Chen-Kuan
Published: May 2019

A circular polarizer combined with a diffraction optical structure was developed to reduce the angular color shift of RGB OLEDs with a microcavity structure. The 45° tilted color gamut of commercial OLED tablet displays was enhanced from 61% to 69% NTSC (CIE 1931), and the visible greenish white images at the large viewing angle have been suppressed substantially. We attribute this to the moderate blue shift phenomenon of RGB emission spectrum and the matched angular emission distributions of RGB sub‐pixels.
The Constitution of Estonia: The Unexpected Challenges of Unlimited Primacy of EU Law
Authors: Ernits Madis , Ginter Carri , Laos Saale , Allikmets Marje , Tupay Paloma Krõõt , Värk René , Laurand Andra
Published: May 2019

The report informs that due to historical ties to the German legal culture, the most influential model for reconstruction of the Estonian legal order after the restoration of independence was German law, including when drafting the 1992 Constitution. However, with regard to EU law, a different approach was chosen: a blanket clause in a self-standing constitutional act that suspends the Constitution, in order to give full supremacy to EU law. The Supreme Court and its Constitutional Review Chamber have adopted an unconditionally EU-friendly approach. However, the report documents the widespread concerns that have emerged amongst Estonian lawyers with regard to setting aside the Constitution, as well as the practical difficulties in constitutional adjudication by the Supreme Court. The tensions peaked in the process of ratification of the ESM Treaty, which was approved by 11 judges against 8, with the latter submitting strongly worded dissenting opinions expressing concerns about the impact of the very large financial liabilities on the rule-of-law-based, democratic and social state. Concerns by lawyers were also raised with regard to the European Arrest Warrant system, which led to review proceedings initiated by the Chancellor of Justice based on defence rights. The report also explores the excess sugar stocks cases concerning the principles of legitimate expectations and non-retroactivity, and issues regarding publication of laws in the context of EU law. The report finds that broadly speaking, any strains on constitutional values have been justified, given the benefits of EU integration. It nevertheless recommends introducing a German Solange-style limitation clause into the Constitution.