bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial Analysis of a Tuberculosis Incidence in Magelang City in 2021
Authors: Fatikha Amira Nada , Martini Martini , Hestiningsih Retno , Kusariana Nissa
Published: December 2021

Background: TubercuIosis is a health problem of global concern, especially in Southeast Asia. Indonesia is the second-Largest contributor to tuberculosis after India. Some causes influence the increasing burden of tuberculosis in Indonesia, including environmental and socio-economic factors. Therefore, spatial analysis is needed to see the distribution of tuberculosis cases based on risk factors. This study focuses on conducting spatial analysis in Magelang City. Methods: This research is a quantitative descriptive observational study using an ecologic study approach. The sample size in this study was 38 tuberculosis patients with total sampling. Data collection was carried out using observation sheets. Data analyzed by software ArcGIS. results: The spatial pattern of distribution occurred according to the Iow population density (97.4%), the environmental temperature meet the requirements (84.2%), the air humidity meet the requirements (100%), the BCG immunization coverage was not being met (100%), the distance to health services is close (100%), the household with low-level social welfare is at the most (23.7%). Conclusion: An urban village with the highest tuberculosis cases is in the household with low-level social welfare is at the most. There is a need to improve social welfare and coverage of BCG immunization.
The Mediating Effect of Depression on the Relationship between Cognitive Function and the Activities of Daily Living in Post-stroke Patient
Authors: Kim Ji Eun , Wee Hwee
Published: December 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the relationship between cognitive function and activities of daily living (ADL) in addition to the mediating effect exerted by depression on this relationship in post-stroke patients.Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed. A total of 182 patients were recruited from two general and three geriatric hospitals in South Korea between July 2017 and June 2018. Cognitive function, depression, and ADL measures were assessed after informed consent was obtained. Data obtained were analyzed using multiple regression and a simple mediation model that applies the PROCESS macro with a 95% bias-corrected bootstrap confidence interval (5,000 bootstrap resampling).Results: The covariates were sex, age, educational level, types of paralysis, and type of hospital. After controlling for the demographic covariates, cognitive function significantly accounted for the variance of ADL. It was also demonstrated that depression partially mediated the relationship between cognitive function and ADL in post-stroke patients.Conclusion: Cognitive function directly influences the ADL in post-stroke patients and indirectly influences it through depression. This suggests that strategies for improving depression in post-stroke patients should be considered while managing cognitive functioning for improving the ADL.
Effects of Meaning in Life and Social Support on Posttraumatic Growth in Pancreatic Cancer Survivors
Authors: Kim Youjin , Hwang Boyoung
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the correlations among meaning in life, social support, and posttraumatic growth and to identify the factors related to posttraumatic growth in pancreatic cancer patients.Methods: A total of 118 pancreatic cancer patients who received care in an outpatient clinic and inpatient units in an oncology center in Seoul were enrolled from February 2021 to March 2021. We collected data using self-report survey tools. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple linear regression with SPSS/WIN 26.0Results: Meaning in life, social support, and posttraumatic growth had significant positive correlations with each other, and the correlation between posttraumatic growth and meaning in life was the highest (r=.63, p<.01). In the hierarchical multiple regression model of posttraumatic growth (adjusted R2=.48, p<.001), marital status (β=-.14, p=.04), meaning in life (β=.44, p<.001), and social support (β=.27, p=.001) were statistically significant.Conclusion: There is a need for nursing interventions that provide social support and promote the meaning in life to facilitate posttraumatic growth in pancreatic cancer patients.
Ukrainian dialect emphasis: algorithum of the research
Authors:   Institute for the Ukrainian Language of the NAS of Ukraine, Kobyrynka Halyna
Published: December 2021

Dialect language as one of the main forms of the national language, which accumulates and reflects the linguistic and spiritual code of the people, its ethnic identity, is in the center of attention of linguists. Today dialects are perceived and evaluated as a phenomenon of natural functioning of language, a source of enrichment of literary language, knowledge of the ethnopsychology of the speaker, the study of historical language processes. One of the means of identifying a person in the information space is the emphasis, which is presented as a separate section in the ancient Ukrainian grammars of the XVI century. Some aspects of dialectal stress have sporadically attracted the attention of linguists in phonetic and morphological aspects. Their works, in which the peculiarities of speech in general and emphasis in particular are considered with varying completeness, serve as a reliable source in further research. A large, qualitatively new empirical base of Ukrainian dialectology has been created to date, which is the basis for the formulation and solution of complex linguistic issues, including the creation of a cadastre of dialectal phenomena and their scientific interpretation; implementation of comparative and historical-typological analysis of dialectal phenomena in national and Slavic contexts. The algorithm of research of dialectal stress is presented in the studio; stepwise analysis of mobility / immobility of accents of nouns, adjectives, pronouns, numerals in Ukrainian religious speech has been illustrated. The analysis of the dialect material presented in various sources made it possible to single out nouns, adjectives, pronouns, numerals, which differentiate and integrate the Ukrainian dialect continuum in word change, word formation. It was found that the common accentuation feature in the Ukrainian dialect space is the presence of each of these accent types; differentiation lies in the repertoire and in the fullness of the accent type. Integration-differential features in the Ukrainian dialect space in the word-changing paradigm of nouns are the emphasis of individual nouns, their forms. The proposed scheme of analysis of dialectal stress will help the researcher to systematize, classify the collected material. In the article it is impossible to give a complete list of words that differentiate the Ukrainian dialect space on the basis of emphasis. The given list of words is open. It is hoped that in the future it will be supplemented with tokens of different grammatical classes, as one of the urgent tasks of Ukrainian dialectologists is to create a cadastre of such words and phenomena that differentiate the Ukrainian dialect continuum.
From Ladder and Thread to Heaven: The Symbolic Meaning of the Path in a Fragment of the Linguistic World Image
Authors:   Institute of Ukrainian Studies I. Kripyakevich NAS of Ukraine, Simovych Oksana
Published: December 2021

This article «From Ladder and Thread to Heaven: The Symbolic Meaning of the Path in a Fragment of the Linguistic World Image» explores the problem of the analysis of folk customs. These customs could be verbalized both in folk texts and in dialects. The specifics of this study lie in the linguistic analysis of the symbols which are usually interpreted as folk customs and folk objects. However, the symbolism of the objects in national customs causes the development of a symbolic meaning of the respective word that defines these objects. In this way, many symbols in folk customs become verbal, and the context of the custom creates a foundation for the development of the symbolic meaning. The verbal symbols analyzed are a «thread», a «ball of twine», a «ladder», a «bridge» and a «cross». In the national Ukrainian linguistic space, these words have the general semantics of the ‘connection between worlds’. It is stressed that the symbolic meaning of the (celestial) ladder has been discovered in the biblical context. This is also relevant for the clarification of the subject of continuity in the development of the symbolic meanings, which are also documented in the Ukrainian context. A concrete situation in linguistics and custom creates conditions under which arise symbolic co-meanings that develop in the framework of the same main symbolic archetypical meaning. All analyzed symbols belong to the archetypical ones. That is why they have been also discovered with the same semantics in other languages. This is the reason why the analysis of such symbols requires not only facts documented in the dictionaries and texts in Ukrainian, but also information about the respective symbol in other linguistic cultures. It is also pointed out that the thread is analyzed as an apotropaic symbol. This word has also been documented linguistically as a symbol of the demarcation line between one’s own world and the world of «others».
Dialect text as a source of information about the life of eastern sloboda inhabitants
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Voloshynova Maryna
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of structural features of dialect texts about the life and way of living the eastern Sloboda inhabitants. It has been emphasized that in recent years, scholars have increasingly chosen large volumes of coherent texts as an object of their study, concerning the high level of informativeness, spontaneity and ease. In systematic descriptions, scholars pay attention to the study of linguistic, cognitive and pragmatic parameters of dialect texts, their structural and semantic features. Dialect texts recorded in Ukrainian East Sloboda dialects are grouped into the following thematic groups: texts about food and drink; texts about dishes and kitchen utensils; texts about folk beliefs; texts about life. The analysis focuses on dialect texts-descriptions of food and beverages, which are of great value to dialectologists, ethnologists, historians, as informants during the story describe in detail the ways of cooking various dishes, their recipes, eating traditions, modern and archaic management. It was found that the texts on traditional spiritual culture, which reflect superstitions and folk beliefs in the afterlife, saturate numerous repetitions (so-called identical repetitions). Such speech techniques are usually used by dialect speakers to emphasize the importance of reported events. Repetitions themselves become a means of coherence in the text and ensure its integrity. The conclusions to the article emphasize the importance of further research of East Sloboda dialect texts on their features at the phonetic, lexical, grammatical levels.
Phraseologized morphemic structure of image derivatives and conditions for establishing motivational relationships
Authors:   Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Hutsulyak Tetiana
Published: December 2021

The influence of motivational relations on the phraseologisation of the morpheme structure of a derived word is analyzed the article. The main factors that help to find the hidden semantic components of figurative derivatives that have not received formal expression are outlined. Figuratively motivated derivative units, the morpheme structure of which cannot reflect the entire amount of information related to this element of reality are the object of the study. The phraseologization of the morpheme structure of figurative derivatives is caused by several factors: 1) the absence of the indication to the nomination object in the morpheme structure of the word; 2) «blurriness» of features – the basis of figurative and comparative relations; the speaker has to establish this feature independently, based on the typical figurative ideas inherent in the collective consciousness of a particular ethnic community; 3) the invariance of the affixes meanings. The conditions for establishing motivational relationships, namely, the presence of a minimal contextual environment of the derivative, play an important role in determining the hidden semantic components. In addition, the meaning of the word-forming formants should also be taken into account. The verbal context enables to actualize in the semantics of the figurative derivative the motivational feature that served as the basis for the formation of individual lexical and word-forming meaning, which is more or less part of the structure of lexical meaning of the word. In some cases, particularly for derivative words rarely used in modern language (obsolete, socially marked ones, etc.), synonymous relations can be such a kind of «context». In addition to the verbal context, an important element for establishing motivational features is the reliance on the internal context, which helps to understand the content of figurative derivatives by referring to the diverse knowledge of native speakers about the motivator and the stable associative and figurative representations fixed by it.
The canonical genre of confession in christian communication
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Kolesnykova Larysa
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the canonical genre of confession in Christian communication. It is noted that in the complex global linguistic picture of the world, scientists identify many private pictures, each of which is characterized by linguistic uniqueness, which is manifested at all levels. The notion of the genre of confession is seen as intersecting with the interests of different branches of science, although the keen interest of linguists in this object of study is a relatively new phenomenon. The article gives definitions of the concept of confession, which are recorded in religious and secular literature; the forms of realization of the confessional genre are analyzed and the situations of confession available. In the scientific literature, the study of confession as a genre of communication has a fragmentary character: it is considered as a genre and as an intention, as an intended and an act of communication. Confession as a genre is characterized by communicative freedom, relative stylistic and compositional independence. The conditions of sincerity and conscious intention to tell the truth, which are embedded in the genre characteristics of confession, make it possible to distinguish it from other genre forms.
Reflection of Christian ideological orientation through liturgical symbolism in P. Tchaikovsky's opera music
Authors: Nemchenko Kateryna , Loboda Larisa , Nosulya Anatoliy , Kuchma Olena
Published: December 2021

This article examines the opera music by P.I. Tchaikovsky from the point of view of its Christian orientation as a leading trend in the development of the national opera style of the 19th century and the manifestation of liturgical symbolism in it at different levels of the musical and dramatic whole. Most of the opera compositions of the composer are investigated in the context of the manifestation of iconic elements of Christian culture in them, which is common to Western and Eastern European, with a later branching into two main branches: Catholicism and Orthodoxy. The main liturgical symbols in the drama and musical fabric of opera compositions are highlighted, their gradual increase in each subsequent opera composition by P. Tchaikovsky is noted, in connection with the composer's search for spiritual truths and his appeal to certain subjects, which became the basis for the libretto of opera compositions. The greatest attention is paid to the composer's late operas: “The Maid of Orleans” and “Iolanta”, as compositions with the most pronounced symbolism of the Christian cultural tradition. The question of the manifestation of liturgical symbolism at different levels is revealed: from the general dominant idea of the composition, which can be defined as the main line of drama, its deep focus, to more particular ones, through certain dramatic, stylistic, musical techniques and verbal texts, to musical and intonational formulas, intonation stable complexes, which over time received the status of a symbol, a certain sign of a complex expression of the liturgical musical and intonational, verbal and semantic field, became rhetorical figurations, such as “Rest with the Saints” in the Orthodox tradition and “Dies irea” in the Catholic
Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism and Alzheimer’s Risk in Kashmiri Population
Authors: Nissar Kamran , Hussain Arshad , Ahmad Ganai Bashir
Published: December 2021

Background: Although the cause of Alzheimer's disease is unknown, most experts feel that the disease is caused by a combination of circumstances rather than a single cause. Age, gene polymorphism, diabetes, and other conditions are all risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. Given the importance of gene polymorphism in different diseases, we intended to find out the association of APOE gene polymorphism with Alzheimer's risk in the Kashmiri population. Method: Out of 300 patients who were referred to the memory clinic of the hospital, to evaluate the probable relation of APOE gene variation in Alzheimer's disease, we conducted the study on 59 clinically confirmed Alzheimer's patients and 52 age and ethnicity-matched healthy controls found in a community survey. Results: Our data revealed a statistically significant association of ε4 variant genotype of the APOE gene with AD susceptibility in the Kashmiri population. Conclusions: The current study's findings provided insight into the role of APOE polymorphisms in Alzheimer's disease susceptibility. The identified susceptibility variant may become a marker genotype for AD.
Shigellosis and Development of Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms of Shigella spp.
Authors: Ahamed SK Tousif , Giri Nabanita
Published: December 2021

Shigellosis is a serious public health issue. Millions of people suffer from this deadly food and water borne disease each year. The main manifestations of affected persons are bloody diarrhea with excessive dehydration. The causative agent of this disease is the bacteria Shigella spp. which has four serogroups. Though Shigella flexneri and Shigella dysenteriae are the dominant serogroups in developing countries, reports of other serogroups, namely Shigella boydii and Shigella sonnei, in the food contaminations are available. There are seasonal variations of Shigella infection throughout the world. In Asian subcontinent, monsoon and post monsoon times are the ideal for infection. The transmission of the bacteria in human is usually caused by feco-oral route or by contaminated food and water. There are several groups of antibiotics like foscomycin, macrolide, amiglycoside, tetracycline etc. which were used before. But they are now become useless as Shigella spp. is getting resistant against those drugs. The quinolone groups of antibiotics like ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, norflxacin, ceftriaxone etc. are the important drugs for the cure of the disease shigellosis but prevalence of drug resistant strains of Shigella spp. against those drugs are a great concern nowadays. The occurrence of plasmid mediated quinolone resistance genes (PMQR), efflux pump proteins and effective mutations at drug binding region of gyrA etc. are the major mechanisms for the development of drug resistance.
Identification of Pathogenic Microbes in Tools of Beauty Salon in Jeddah City
Authors: Alharbi Najwa , Alhashim Hanan Mohammed
Published: December 2021

Beauty salons may draw in customers with glamour; however, they could also be considered a major health issue. They can cause the spread of bacterial and fungal infections. The purpose of this research was to identify pathogenic microbes from beauty salon tools. Microorganisms from contaminated salon tools and cosmetic products were isolated using various selective media. Microbial isolates were identified based on their molecular and biochemical characteristics. The most common bacterial species isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus equorum, Microbacterium spp., Bacillus siamensis, Bacillus subtilis, Sphingomonas aeria, Macrococcus spp., Microbacterium oxydans, Brachybacterium spp., Micrococcus luteus, and Brachybacterium nesterenkovii. Fungal isolates included Penicillium spp., Aspergillus niger, Purpureocillium lilacium, and Aspergillus flavus. Overall, Staphylococcus spp. and A. niger were the most common organisms isolated from the samples. The presence of potential pathogens indicates that the tools used in salons have not been adequately sterilized and the high risk of diseases spread.
Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Five Medicinal Plants Against Different Microbes
Authors: Mittal Amita , Manpreet Manpreet , Dhania Geeta
Published: December 2021

The present study aims to assess the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of selected medicinal plants (Achyranthes bidentata, Linum usitatissimum, Pedalium murex, Sphaeranthus indicus and, Terminalia bellirica) extracts against seven different microorganisms Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis, and Streptococcus mutants. Leaf, root, and flower extracts of plants were prepared in different solvents like methanol, distilled water, dichloromethane, ethanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, petroleum ether, propanol, benzene, and hexane. All the prepared extracts showed very good antimicrobial activity except distilled water extract. Most of the extracts were found to have antimicrobial potential against pathogens but Linum usitatissimum and T. bellirica leaf and seed extract prepared in methanol and chloroform solvents show a higher zone of inhibition against E. coli. Only Linum usitatissimum shows activity aganist Candida albicans. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration for Achyranthes bidentata extracts varied from 150µl/ml to 200µl/ml in different solvents. Antioxidant studies were carried out in methanolic extracts of all the plants. The maximum scavenging activity of methanolic leaf extracts was observed between 80 -100 μg/ml concentrations.
Anatomical reconstruction of the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament in elite athletes using InternalBrace suture tape
Authors: Harris Nick J. , Nicholson Gareth , Pountos Ippokratis
Published: December 2021

Aims

The ideal management of acute syndesmotic injuries in elite athletes is controversial. Among several treatment methods used to stabilize the syndesmosis and facilitate healing of the ligaments, the use of suture tape (InternalBrace) has previously been described. The purpose of this study was to analyze the functional outcome, including American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores, knee-to-wall measurements, and the time to return to play in days, of unstable syndesmotic injuries treated with the use of the InternalBrace in elite athletes.

Methods

Data on a consecutive group of elite athletes who underwent isolated reconstruction of the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament using the InternalBrace were collected prospectively. Our patient group consisted of 19 elite male athletes with a mean age of 24.5 years (17 to 52). Isolated injuries were seen in 12 patients while associated injuries were found in seven patients (fibular fracture, medial malleolus fracture, anterior talofibular ligament rupture, and posterior malleolus fracture). All patients had a minimum follow-up period of 17 months (mean 27 months (17 to 35)).

Results

All patients returned to their pre-injury level of sports activities. One patient developed a delayed union of the medial malleolus. The mean return to play was 62 days (49 to 84) for isolated injuries, while the patients with concomitant injuries returned to play in a mean of 104 days (56 to 196). The AOFAS score returned to 100 postoperatively in all patients. Knee-to-wall measurements were the same as the contralateral side in 18 patients, while one patient lacked 2 cm compared to the contralateral side.

Conclusion

This study suggests the use of the InternalBrace in the management of unstable syndesmotic injuries offers an alternative method of stabilization, with good short-term results, including early return to sports in elite athletes. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(1):68–75.
Outcomes of soft-tissue sarcoma in nonagenarians
Authors: Hartley Laura J. , AlAqeel Motaz , Kurisunkal Vineet J. , Evans Scott
Published: December 2021

Aims

Current literature suggests that survival outcomes and local recurrence rates of primary soft-tissue sarcoma diagnosed in the very elderly age range, (over 90 years), are comparable with those in patients diagnosed under the age of 75 years. Our aim is to quantify these outcomes with a view to rationalizing management and follow-up for very elderly patients.

Methods

Retrospective access to our prospectively maintained oncology database yielded a cohort of 48 patients across 23 years with a median follow-up of 12 months (0 to 78) and mean age at diagnosis of 92 years (90 to 99). Overall, 42 of 48 of 48 patients (87.5%) were managed surgically with either limb salvage or amputation.

Results

A lower overall local recurrence rate (LRR) was seen with primary amputations compared with limb salvage (p > 0.050). The LRR was comparable between free (R0), microscopically (R1), and macroscopically positive (R2) resection margins in the limb salvage group. Amputation was also associated with longer survival times (p < 0.050). Overall median survival time was limited to 20 months (0 to 80).

Conclusion

Early and aggressive treatment with appropriate oncological surgery confers the lowest LRR and a survival advantage versus conservative treatment in this cohort of patients. With limited survival, follow-up can be rationalized on a patient-by-patient basis using alternative means, such as GP, local oncology, and/or patient-led follow-up. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(1):177–182.
Does the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score aid in the management of patients undergoing surgery for a soft-tissue sarcoma?
Authors:   The mGPS Study Group, Spence Stephanie , Doonan James , Farhan-Alanie Omer M. , Chan Corey D. , Tong Daniel , Cho Hwan Seong , Sahu Muhammad A. , Traub Frank , Gupta Sanjay
Published: December 2021

Aims

The modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) uses preoperative CRP and albumin to calculate a score from 0 to 2 (2 being associated with poor outcomes). mGPS is validated in multiple carcinomas. To date, its use in soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) is limited, with only small cohorts reporting that increased mGPS scores correlates with decreased survival in STS patients.

Methods

This retrospective multicentre cohort study identified 493 STS patients using clinical databases from six collaborating hospitals in three countries. Centres performed a retrospective data collection for patient demographics, preoperative blood results (CRP and albumin levels and neutrophil, leucocyte, and platelets counts), and oncological outcomes (disease-free survival, local, or metastatic recurrence) with a minimum of two years' follow-up.

Results

We found that increased mGPS, tumour size, grade, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and disease recurrence were associated with reduced survival. Importantly, mGPS was the best at stratifying prognosis and could be used in conjunction with tumour grade to sub-stratify patient survival.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that prognosis of localized STS strongly correlates with mGPS, as an increasing score is associated with a poorer outcome. We note that 203 patients (41%) with an STS have evidence of systemic inflammation. We recommend the mGPS and other biochemical blood indicators be introduced into the routine diagnostic assessment in STS patients to stratify patient prognosis. Its use will support clinical decision-making, especially when morbid treatment options such as amputation are being considered. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(1):168–176.
Proposal for Prevention of Drowsy Driving-Related Motor Vehicle Accidents in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Sunwoo Jun-Sang , Cho Jae Wook , Yim Soo Hwan , Kim Daeyoung , Koo Dae Lim , Im Hee-Jin , Kim Hyeyun , Kim Kyung Min , Yang Kwang IK ,   On behalf of the Korean Sleep Research Society
Published: December 2021

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is known to be associated with various health concerns, including sleepiness, fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, diminished quality of life, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and stroke. OSA-induced sleepiness at the wheel reduces vigilance and driving performance, which significantly increase the risk of motor vehicle accidents. Sleepiness-induced motor vehicle accidents are characterized by high morbidity and mortality. OSA is a well-established significant risk factor for drowsy driving-related motor vehicle accidents, which can be prevented through appropriate treatment. However, currently no clinical guidelines or regulations are available for evaluation or management of the risk of motor vehicle accidents in patients with OSA in Korea. In this review, we discuss the risk of motor vehicle accidents in patients with OSA, the effects of positive airway pressure therapy as a preventive measure to reduce this risk, and the published recommendations for OSA in other countries with regard to fitness to drive. We propose recommendations for screening, evaluation, and treatment of OSA with regard to the risk of motor vehicle accidents, which would serve as useful practical guidelines for sleep specialists in clinical practice. Further research is warranted to establish optimal strategies for effective improvements in OSA-related traffic safety.
Different adjuvanted pediatric HIV envelope vaccines induced distinct plasma antibody responses despite similar B cell receptor repertoires in infant rhesus macaques
Authors: Berendam Stella J. , Morgan-Asiedu Papa K. , Mangan Riley J. , Li Shuk Hang , Heimsath Holly , Luo Kan , Curtis Alan D. , Eudailey Joshua A. , Fox Christopher B. , Tomai Mark A. , Phillips Bonnie , Itell Hannah L. , Kunz Erika , Hudgens Michael , Cronin Kenneth , Wiehe Kevin , Alam S. Munir , Van Rompay Koen K. A. , De Paris Kristina , Permar Sallie R. , Moody M. Anthony , Fouda Genevieve G.
Published: December 2021

Different HIV vaccine regimens elicit distinct plasma antibody responses in both human and nonhuman primate models. Previous studies in human and non-human primate infants showed that adjuvants influenced the quality of plasma antibody responses induced by pediatric HIV envelope vaccine regimens. We recently reported that use of the 3M052-SE adjuvant and longer intervals between vaccinations are associated with higher magnitude of antibody responses in infant rhesus macaques. However, the impact of different adjuvants in HIV vaccine regimens on the developing infant B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire has not been studied. This study evaluated whether pediatric HIV envelope vaccine regimens with different adjuvants induced distinct antigen-specific memory B cell repertoires and whether specific immunoglobulin (Ig) immunogenetic characteristics are associated with higher magnitude of plasma antibody responses in vaccinated infant rhesus macaques. We utilized archived preclinical pediatric HIV vaccine studies PBMCs and tissue samples from 19 infant rhesus macaques immunized either with (i) HIV Env protein with a squalene adjuvant, (ii) MVA-HIV and Env protein co-administered using a 3-week interval, (iii) MVA-HIV prime/ protein boost with an extended 6-week interval between immunizations, or (iv) with HIV Env administered with 3M-052-SE adjuvant. Frequencies of vaccine-elicited HIV Env-specific memory B cells from PBMCs and tissues were similar across vaccination groups (frequency range of 0.06–1.72%). There was no association between vaccine-elicited antigen-specific memory B cell frequencies and plasma antibody titer or avidity. Moreover, the epitope specificity and Ig immunogenetic features of vaccine-elicited monoclonal antibodies did not differ between the different vaccine regimens. These data suggest that pediatric HIV envelope vaccine candidates with different adjuvants that previously induced higher magnitude and quality of plasma antibody responses in infant rhesus macaques were not driven by distinct antigen-specific memory BCR repertoires.
Community vibrancy and its relationship with safety in Philadelphia
Authors: Sinchaisri Wichinpong Park , Jensen Shane T.
Published: December 2021

To what extent can the strength of a local urban community impact neighborhood safety? We construct measures of community vibrancy based on a unique dataset of block party permit approvals from the City of Philadelphia. Our first measure captures the overall volume of block party events in a neighborhood whereas our second measure captures differences in the type (regular versus spontaneous) of block party activities. We use both regression modeling and propensity score matching to control for the economic, demographic and land use characteristics of the surrounding neighborhood when examining the relationship between crime and our two measures of community vibrancy. We conduct our analysis on aggregate levels of crime and community vibrancy from 2006 to 2015 as well as the trends in community vibrancy and crime over this time period. We find that neighborhoods with a higher number of block parties have a significantly higher crime rate, while those holding a greater proportion of spontaneous block party events have a significantly lower crime rate. We also find that neighborhoods which have an increase in the proportion of spontaneous block parties over time are significantly more likely to have a decreasing trend in total crime incidence over that same time period.
Measurement and spatiotemporal analysis of high-quality development of China’s industry
Authors: Yang Yuexiang , Ren Lei , Du Zhihui , Tong Guanqun
Published: December 2021

Background

China’s economy has been transitioning from a phase of rapid growth to high-quality development. The high-quality development of industry is the foundation of a sustainable and healthy growth of national economy, and is of great significance to improve people’s living standards, and to meet people’s needs for a better life.

Methods

We develop an evaluation index system of high-quality development of industry from the perspectives of industrial benefit, innovation ability, coordination ability, green ability, opening ability and sharing ability. Based on a panel data of 30 provinces in China during 1999–2018, we evaluate the level of high-quality development of industry using the entropy-weight method and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. Meanwhile we select six specific years and adopt the Natural Breaks method to classify the provinces according to their levels. At last, Moran’s I index is used to analyze the spatial correlation among the provinces.

Results

Opening ability and innovation ability are found to have greater impacts on industrial high-quality development than other indices, and their influence has been increasing in recent years. There are large spatial and temporal differences among different provinces. Municipalities and coastal provinces are found to be at constantly high levels. The levels in the central region dropped first and then increased, however it was the opposite in the western region. In the northeast region, the levels fluctuated greatly. Overall, the high-quality development of industry among China’s provinces shows positive spatial correlation. Most provinces in China are in High-High and Low-Low clustering States. The High-High clustering type is mainly distributed in the eastern region and the Low-Low clustering type is mainly distributed in the western and central regions.

Conclusion

(1) Innovation ability and open ability are the most important factors. (2) Green ability has not sufficiently contributed to China’s industrial development. (3) Regional and time evolution differences are significant. (4) There is a significant and stable spatial clustering effect in the high-quality development of industry among China’s provinces.
Online public opinion evaluation through the functional resonance analysis method and deep analysis
Authors: Yu Linxing , Chen Huaming , Luo Wenqi , Li Chang
Published: December 2021

A conventional model of public opinion analysis is no longer suitable when the internet is the primary arena of information dissemination. Thus, a more practical approach is urgently needed to deal with this dynamic and complicated phenomenon of propagating public opinion. This paper proposes that the outbreak of internet public opinion and its negative impacts, such as the occurrence of major security incidents, are a result of coupling and the complex interaction of many factors. The Functional Resonance Analysis Method model is composed of those factors and considers the stages of network information dissemination, the unique propagation rule, and textual sentiment resonance on the internet. Moreover, it is the first public opinion governance method that simultaneously highlights the complex system, functional identification, and functional resonance. It suggests a more effective method to shorten the dissipation time of negative public opinion and is a considerable improvement over previous models for risk-prediction. Based on resonance theory and deep learning, this study establishes public opinion resonance functions, which made it possible to analyze public opinion triggers and build a simulation model to explore the patterns of public opinion development through long-term data capture. The simulation results of the Functional Resonance Analysis Method suggest that the resonance in the model is consistent with the evolution of public opinion in real situations and that the components of the resonance of public opinion can be separated into eleven subjective factors and three objective factors. In addition, managing the subjective factors can significantly accelerate the dissipation of negative opinions.
Effects of weather and moon phases on emergency medical use after fall injury: A population-based nationwide study
Authors: Yuh Min Ah , Kim Kisung , Woo Seon Hee , Jeong Sikyoung , Oh Juseok , Kim Jinwoo , Hong Sungyoup
Published: December 2021

Background

Previous studies reported that changes in weather and phases of moon are associated with medical emergencies and injuries. However, such studies were limited to hospital or community level without explaining the combined effects of weather and moon phases. We investigated whether changes in weather and moon phases affected emergency department (ED) visits due to fall injuries (FIs) based on nationwide emergency patient registry data.

Methods

Nationwide daily data of ED visits after FI were collected from 11 provinces (7 metropolitan cities and 4 rural provinces) in Korea between January 2014 and December 2018. The daily number of FIs was standardized into FI per million population (FPP) in each province. A multivariate regression analysis was conducted to elucidate the relationship between weather factors and moon phases with respect to daily FPP in each province. The correlation between weather factors and FI severity was also analyzed.

Results

The study analyzed 666,912 patients (418,135 in metropolitan and 248,777 in rural areas) who visited EDs on weekdays. No regional difference was found in age or gender distribution between the two areas. Precipitation, minimum temperature and wind speed showed a significant association with FI in metropolitan areas. In addition, sunshine duration was also substantial risk factors for FI in rural areas. The incidence of FIs was increased on full moon days than on other days in rural areas. Injury severity was associated with weather factors such as minimum temperature, wind speed, and cloud cover.

Conclusion

Weather changes such as precipitation, minimum temperature, and wind speed are associated with FI in metropolitan and rural areas. In addition, sunshine duration and full moon are significantly associated with FI incidence only in rural areas. Weather factors are associated with FI severity.
Rice quality and its impacts on food security and sustainability in Bangladesh
Authors: Saha Indrani , Durand-Morat Alvaro , Nalley Lawton Lanier , Alam Mohammad Jahangir , Nayga Rodolfo
Published: December 2021

Rice market efficiency is important for food security in countries where rice is a staple. We assess the impact of rice quality on rice prices, food security, and environmental sustainability in Bangladesh. We find that while price varies as expected for most quality attributes, it is unaffected by a broken percentage below 24.9 percent. This reveals a potential inefficiency, considering the average 5 percent broken rate observed in the market. An increase in the broken rate of milled rice within the limits supported by our findings can, ceteris paribus, increase rice rations by 4.66 million a year, or conversely, yield the current number of rice rations using 170.79 thousand fewer hectares and cutting emissions by 1.48 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent. Thus, producing rice based on quality assessment can improve food security and its sustainability.
Effectiveness and safety of oral lactococci-based vaccine encoding triple common allergens to prevent airway allergy in mice
Authors: Lee Mey-Fann , Chiang Chu-Hui , Lin Shyh-Jye , Wu Chi-Sheng , Chen Yi-Hsing
Published: December 2021

Allergic airway disease is the most common chronic airway inflammatory disorder in developed countries. House dust mite, cockroach, and mold are the leading allergens in most tropical and subtropical countries, including Taiwan. As allergen avoidance is difficult for patients allergic to these perennial indoor allergens, allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is the only available allergen-specific and disease-modifying treatment. However, for patients sensitized to multiple allergens, ASIT using each corresponding allergen is cumbersome. In the present study, we developed a recombinant L. lactis vaccine against the three most common indoor aeroallergens and investigated its effectiveness for preventing respiratory allergy and safety in mice. Three recombinant clones of Der p 2 (mite), Per a 2 (roach), and Cla c 14 (mold) were constructed individually in pNZ8149 vector and then electroporated into host strain L.lactis NZ3900. BALB/c mice were fed with the triple vaccine 5 times per week for 4 weeks prior to sensitization. The effectiveness and safety profile were then determined. Oral administration of the triple vaccine significantly alleviated allergen-induced airway hyper-responsiveness in the vaccinated mice. The allergen-specific IgG2a was upregulated. IL-4 and IL-13 mRNA expressions as well as inflammatory cell infiltration in the lungs decreased significantly in the vaccinated groups. No body weight loss or abnormal findings in the liver and kidneys were found in any of the groups of mice. This is the first report to describe a triple-aeroallergen vaccine using a food-grade lactococcal expression system. We developed a convenient oral delivery system and intend to extend this research to develop a vaccination that can be self-administered at home by patients.
A replication study separates polymorphisms behind migraine with and without depression
Authors: Petschner Peter , Baksa Daniel , Hullam Gabor , Torok Dora , Millinghoffer Andras , Deakin J. F. William , Bagdy Gyorgy , Juhasz Gabriella
Published: December 2021

The largest migraine genome-wide association study identified 38 candidate loci. In this study we assessed whether these results replicate on a gene level in our European cohort and whether effects are altered by lifetime depression. We tested SNPs of the loci and their vicinity with or without interaction with depression in regression models. Advanced analysis methods such as Bayesian relevance analysis and a neural network based classifier were used to confirm findings. Main effects were found for rs2455107 of PRDM16 (OR = 1.304, p = 0.007) and five intergenic polymorphisms in 1p31.1 region: two of them showed risk effect (OR = 1.277, p = 0.003 for both rs11209657 and rs6686879), while the other three variants were protective factors (OR = 0.4956, p = 0.006 for both rs12090642 and rs72948266; OR = 0.4756, p = 0.005 for rs77864828). Additionally, 26 polymorphisms within ADGRL2, 2 in REST, 1 in HPSE2 and 33 mostly intergenic SNPs from 1p31.1 showed interaction effects. Among clumped results representing these significant regions, only rs11163394 of ADGRL2 showed a protective effect (OR = 0.607, p = 0.002), all other variants were risk factors (rs1043215 of REST with the strongest effect: OR = 6.596, p = 0.003). Bayesian relevance analysis confirmed the relevance of intergenic rs6660757 and rs12128399 (p31.1), rs1043215 (REST), rs1889974 (HPSE2) and rs11163394 (ADGRL2) from depression interaction results, and the moderate relevance of rs77864828 and rs2455107 of PRDM16 from main effect analysis. Both main and interaction effect SNPs could enhance predictive power with the neural network based classifier. In summary, we replicated p31.1, PRDM16, REST, HPSE2 and ADGRL2 genes with classic genetic and advanced analysis methods. While the p31.1 region and PRDM16 are worthy of further investigations in migraine in general, REST, HPSE2 and ADGRL2 may be prime candidates behind migraine pathophysiology in patients with comorbid depression.
Evidence for use of a healthy relationships assessment tool in the CHARISMA pilot study
Authors: Tolley Elizabeth E. , Martinez Andres , Zissette Seth , Palanee-Phillips Thesla , Mathebula Florence , Tenza Siyanda , Hartmann Miriam , Montgomery Elizabeth T.
Published: December 2021

Introduction

The CHARISMA intervention, nested within the MTN-025/HOPE vaginal ring trial in Johannesburg, South Africa, seeks to facilitate women’s use of HIV prevention products by promoting partner dialogue and mitigating intimate partner violence (IPV). We developed “HEART”, a lay counselor-administered relationship assessment tool, for the CHARISMA pilot. The five-scale tool assesses participants’ endorsement of Traditional Values (TV), her HIV Prevention Readiness (HPR) and levels of partner support (PS), abuse and control (PAC), and resistance to HIV prevention (PR), guiding decisions about which of three counselling modules to offer (partner communication/A; ring disclosure/B; and IPV prevention/C).

Methods

We correlated baseline scores on HEART subscales with a) independent measures of relationship stability, disclosure and IPV to assess construct validity, and b) with specific modules offered to determine how HEART was used in the pilot. We examined changes in HEART scores at three and six months. Finally, we ran separate growth models for each subscale to examine changes in scores, accounting for partnership changes and counseling module(s) received.

Results

Baseline HEART scores correlated as predicted among subscales and with other measures. Reliabilities for four subscales were 0.75 or higher. Women who disclosed study participation and ring use scored higher on PS and lower on PR. Women experiencing IPV scored lower on PS, and higher on PAC and PR. During the pilot, 82% of women received one and 17% received two or more modules; over half received the IPV module. Women with higher PAC and PR scores were more likely to receive the IPV than the communication or disclosure modules. Over time, the TV, PAC and PR scores decreased, and PS score increased. Receiving the IPV module was associated with a decreased PAC score.

Conclusions

These data offer preliminary evidence for HEART construct and predictive validity and support its further evaluation to guide implementation and monitor the impact of the CHARISMA intervention in a randomized controlled evaluation.