bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep learning radiomics-based prediction model of metachronous distant metastasis following curative resection for retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma: a bicentric study
Authors: Tian Zhen , Cheng Yifan , Zhao Shuai , Li Ruiqi , Zhou Jiajie , Sun Qiannan , Wang Daorong
Published: April 2024

Background

Combining conventional radiomics models with deep learning features can result in superior performance in predicting the prognosis of patients with tumors; however, this approach has never been evaluated for the prediction of metachronous distant metastasis (MDM) among patients with retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma (RLS). Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop and validate a preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT)-based deep learning radiomics model for predicting the occurrence of MDM in patients with RLS undergoing complete surgical resection.

Methods

A total of 179 patients who had undergone surgery for the treatment of histologically confirmed RLS were retrospectively recruited from two tertiary sarcoma centers. Semantic segmentation features derived from a convolutional neural network deep learning model as well as conventional hand-crafted radiomics features were extracted from preoperative three-phase CECT images to quantify the sarcoma phenotypes. A conventional radiomics signature (RS) and a deep learning radiomics signature (DLRS) that incorporated hand-crafted radiomics and deep learning features were developed to predict the risk of MDM. Additionally, a deep learning radiomics nomogram (DLRN) was established to evaluate the incremental prognostic significance of the DLRS in combination with clinico-radiological predictors.

Results

The comparison of the area under the curve (AUC) values in the external validation set, as determined by the DeLong test, demonstrated that the integrated DLRN, DLRS, and RS models all exhibited superior predictive performance compared with that of the clinical model (AUC 0.786 [95% confidence interval 0.649–0.923] vs. 0.822 [0.692–0.952] vs. 0.733 [0.573–0.892] vs. 0.511 [0.359–0.662]; both P < 0.05). The decision curve analyses graphically indicated that utilizing the DLRN for risk stratification provided greater net benefits than those achieved using the DLRS, RS and clinical models. Good alignment with the calibration curve indicated that the DLRN also exhibited good performance.

Conclusions

The novel CECT-based DLRN developed in this study demonstrated promising performance in the preoperative prediction of the risk of MDM following curative resection in patients with RLS. The DLRN, which outperformed the other three models, could provide valuable information for predicting surgical efficacy and tailoring individualized treatment plans in this patient population.

Trial registration

: Not applicable.
Attenuating Muscle Damage Biomarkers and Muscle Soreness After an Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage with Branched-Chain Amino Acid (BCAA) Supplementation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis with Meta-regression
Authors: Salem Atef , Ben Maaoui Khouloud , Jahrami Haithem , AlMarzooqi Mezna A. , Boukhris Omar , Messai Balsam , Clark Cain C. T. , Glenn Jordan M. , Ghazzaoui Hadeel A. , Bragazzi Nicola Luigi , Ammar Achraf , Trabelsi Khaled , Chtourou Hamdi
Published: April 2024

Background

Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation is one of the most popular strategies used by the general population and athletes to reduce muscle soreness and accelerate the recovery process of muscle damage biomarkers after an intense exercise or training session.

Objectives

This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of BCAA supplementation on muscle damage biomarkers and muscle soreness after exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD).

Methods

The systematic literature search for randomized controlled trials was conducted using seven databases, up to September 13th, 2022. The eligibility criteria for selecting studies were as follows: studies performed on healthy active participants, using BCAA at least once, controlled with a placebo or control group, performing resistance or endurance exercises, and followed up at least once post-EIMD. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the “SIGN RCT checklist”. Random-effects meta-analyses were processed to compute the standardized mean difference (Hedges’ g). Meta-regression analyses were completed with daily and total dosage and supplementation as continuous moderator variables.

Results

Of the 18 studies included in this meta-analysis, 13 were of high quality and five were of acceptable quality. Our results revealed BCAA supplementation elicits a significant effect on reducing creatine kinase (CK) levels immediately (g = − 0.44; p = 0.006) and 72 h (g = − 0.99; p = 0.002), but not 24 h, 48 h, and 96 h post-EIMD. Additionally, a significant effect on delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) was identified at 24 h (g = − 1.34; p < 0.001), 48 h (g = − 1.75; p < 0.001), 72 h (g = − 1.82; p < 0.001), and 96 h (g = − 0.82; p = 0.008), but not immediately post-EIMD. No significant effect was found on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels at any time point. Meta-regression indicated higher daily and total dosages of BCAA, and longer supplementation periods were related to the largest beneficial effects on CK (total dosage and supplementation period) at 48 h, and on DOMS at 24 h (only daily dosage).

Conclusion

The overall effects of BCAA supplementation could be considered useful for lowering CK and DOMS after EIMD, but not LDH. The longer supplementation period prior to the EIMD could be more effective for CK and DOMS reduction.
Reading processes of public and private middle school and high school students
Authors: de Oliveira Adriana Marques , Santos Jair Lício Ferreira , Capellini Simone Aparecida
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Reading has been widely discussed, mainly due to the published results of international performance tests of schoolchildren. The gaps generated in literacy hinder the development of basic skills necessary for reading, which will have a negative impact on the teaching-learning process from elementary school to high school. This study aimed to compare the reading performance of the students in public and private schools through tests of the Brazilian reading processes-PROLEC-SE-R.

Methods

Cross-sectional study. The Brazilian adaptation of the PROLEC-SE-R was administered to 436 students: 221 from the state school (G1 6th year, n = 30; G2 7th year, n = 33; G3 8th year, n = 35; G4 9th year, n = 31; G5 1st year, n = 32; G6 2nd year, n = 30; G7 3rd year, n = 30) e 215 private schools (G8 6th year, n = 31; G9 7th year, n = 31; G10 8th year, n = 30; G11 9th year, n = 31; G12 1st year, n = 30; G13 2nd year, n = 31; G14 3rd year, n = 31). Tools of descriptive and bivariate analysis were used.

Results

Superior performance of the private school students on spelling tests helps their reading as evidenced by their scores for syntactic and semantic processes. When the knowledge of the use of the word in text, extraction of meaning and its understanding was needed, the difficulty of access to the mental lexicon of the studied population became evident.

Conclusion

The PROLEC-SE-R, in addition to establishing the reading profile of elementary and high school students, shows that the gaps in teaching and learning, which exist between public and private education in the literacy period, accompany students throughout the basic education cycle. Knowing the reading profile and in which process there is a disruption is important so that the teaching of specific strategies can be promoted throughout the entire schooling process, especially in primary and secondary education.
Anthropogenetic study of the Arabic - speaking population of Chaouia Ouardigha (Morocco) based on autosomal STRs
Authors: Essoubaiy Othmane , Gazzaz Bouchaïb , Yahia Hakima , EL Ossmani Hicham , Talbi Jalal , El Houate Brahim , Fechtali Taoufiq
Published: April 2024

Background

The Chaouia - Ouradigha is a historical and ethno-geographic region of Morocco. Despite its historical relevance, this region has not received sufficient attention in terms of population genetic exploration. The present study aims to provide new data on the genetic background of the Chaouia-Ouardigha population, the Arabic-speaking North African population in the western center of Morocco, and to examine the relationship between this population and other reference populations based on our dataset as well as previously published population data. Genetic exploration will enable the reconstruction of past gene flows that have influenced the genetic makeup of this particular population. We utilized the Investigator® IDplex Plus PCR amplification kit (Qiagen, Germany) to establish the allelic frequencies and forensic statistical parameters of 15 autosomal Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) included in the kit in 153 random healthy unrelated individuals from the Chaouia-Ourdigha region.

Results

The Chaouia-Ouardigha population, which speaks Arabic, exhibits a high degree of genetic diversity with heterozygosity values ranging from 0.670 to 0.879. The loci with the highest allele frequencies, namely D7S820 and TPOX, have the lowest heterozygosity values (0.670 and 0.672, respectively), resulting in lower exclusion power (PE) and typical relatedness index (TPI) values (PE = 0.427 and TPI = 1.66 for TPOX; PE = 0.442 and TPI = 1.72 for D7S820). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Arabic-speaking population of Chaouia-Ouardigha was found to be distinct from Sub-Saharan, East Asian, and Latin American populations.

Conclusions

Our study provides insights into the genetic connections of the Chaouia Ouardigha population, highlighting how historical events, socio-cultural influences, and geographical proximity have contributed to shaping their genetic structure. It demonstrates the substantial impact of historical events and geographical closeness in fostering affinities between the Chaouia Ouardigha community and neighboring populations in North Africa, Southern Europe, and the Middle East. Additionally, the study has generated valuable data confirming the effectiveness of these 15 genetic markers for forensic applications across the broader population.
Synthetic modulation of ROS scavenging during host—Sclerotinia sclerotiorum interaction: a new strategy for the development of highly resistant plants
Authors: Ding Yijuan , Yan Baoqin , Zhao Siqi , Chen Yangui , Wan Huafang , Qian Wei
Published: April 2024

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a widespread fungal pathogen responsible for significant crop losses across the globe. The challenge of breeding resistant varieties is exacerbated by the fungus's sophisticated pathogenic mechanisms. A pivotal factor in the host-pathogen interaction is the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within both the fungi and the host plants. However, there is currently no efficient strategy to leverage this interaction mechanism for developing disease-resistant crop varieties. Here, we introduce an engineered ROS scavenging system designated as syn-ROS for impairing ROS neutralization in S. sclerotiorum while concurrently fortifying it in the host. The syn-ROS system comprises gene silencing constructs targeting the S. sclerotiorum Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SsSOD) and its copper chaperone (SsCCS), alongside overexpression constructs for the Arabidopsis thaliana AtSOD1 and AtCCS. Transgenic plants carrying the syn-ROS system demonstrated a marked enhancement in resistance to S. sclerotiorum. Upon infection, the expression of SsSOD and SsCCS was reduced, while the expression of AtSOD1 and AtCCS was enhanced in syn-ROS transgenic plants. Moreover, the infected syn-ROS plants showed decreased Cu/Zn SOD enzyme activity and elevated ROS concentrations within the fungal cells. In contrast, the cells of A. thaliana manifested increased Cu/Zn SOD enzyme activity and lowered ROS levels. Collectively, these findings suggest a novel and promising approach for contriving plants with robust resistance by synthetically manipulating ROS scavenging activities in the interaction between the host and S. sclerotiorum.
Automated analysis of pectoralis major thickness in pec-fly exercises: evolving from manual measurement to deep learning techniques
Authors: Cai Shangyu , Lin Yongsheng , Chen Haoxin , Huang Zihao , Zhou Yongjin , Zheng Yongping
Published: April 2024

This study addresses a limitation of prior research on pectoralis major (PMaj) thickness changes during the pectoralis fly exercise using a wearable ultrasound imaging setup. Although previous studies used manual measurement and subjective evaluation, it is important to acknowledge the subsequent limitations of automating widespread applications. We then employed a deep learning model for image segmentation and automated measurement to solve the problem and study the additional quantitative supplementary information that could be provided. Our results revealed increased PMaj thickness changes in the coronal plane within the probe detection region when real-time ultrasound imaging (RUSI) visual biofeedback was incorporated, regardless of load intensity (50% or 80% of one-repetition maximum). Additionally, participants showed uniform thickness changes in the PMaj in response to enhanced RUSI biofeedback. Notably, the differences in PMaj thickness changes between load intensities were reduced by RUSI biofeedback, suggesting altered muscle activation strategies. We identified the optimal measurement location for the maximal PMaj thickness close to the rib end and emphasized the lightweight applicability of our model for fitness training and muscle assessment. Further studies can refine load intensities, investigate diverse parameters, and employ different network models to enhance accuracy. This study contributes to our understanding of the effects of muscle physiology and exercise training.
Systems analysis and improvement approach to optimize tuberculosis (SAIA-TB) screening, treatment, and prevention in South Africa: a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial
Authors: van de Water Brittney J. , Brooks Meredith B. , Matji Refiloe , Ncanywa Betty , Dikgale Freck , Abuelezam Nadia N. , Mzileni Bulelwa , Nokwe Miyakazi , Moko Singilizwe , Mvusi Lindiwe , Loveday Marian , Gimbel Sarah
Published: April 2024

Background

The use of systems engineering tools, including the development and use of care cascades using routinely collected data, process mapping, and continuous quality improvement, is used for frontline healthcare workers to devise systems level change. South Africa experiences high rates of tuberculosis (TB) infection and disease as well as HIV co-infection. The Department of Health has made significant gains in HIV services over the last two decades, reaching their set “90–90-90” targets for HIV. However, TB services, although robust, have lagged in comparison for both disease and infection. The Systems Analysis and Improvement Approach (SAIA) is a five-step implementation science method, drawn from systems engineering, to identify, define, and implement workflow modifications using cascade analysis, process mapping, and repeated quality improvement cycles within healthcare facilities.

Methods

This stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial will evaluate the effectiveness of SAIA on TB (SAIA-TB) cascade optimization for patients with TB and high-risk contacts across 16 clinics in four local municipalities in the Sarah Baartman district, Eastern Cape, South Africa. We hypothesize that SAIA-TB implementation will lead to a 20% increase in each of: TB screening, TB preventive treatment initiation, and TB disease treatment initiation during the 18-month intervention period. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews with clinic staff will also be conducted to determine drivers of implementation variability across clinics.

Discussion

This study has the potential to improve TB screening, treatment initiation, and completion for both active disease and preventive measures among individuals with and without HIV in a high burden setting. SAIA-TB provides frontline health care workers with a systems-level view of their care delivery system with the aim of sustainable systems-level improvements.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT06314386. Registered 18 March 2024, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06314386. NCT06314386.
On the electromagnetic interaction and the anomalous term in the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau theory
Authors: Jirón Andrés G. , Castro Luis B. , de Castro Antonio S. , Obispo Angel E.
Published: April 2024

The problem of vectorial mesons embedded in an electromagnetic field via Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau (DKP) formalism is reinvestigated. Considering the electromagnetic interaction as a minimal coupling, an incorrect value

is identified for the gyromagnetic factor (g-factor). Furthermore, it is shown that it is cumbersome to find analytical solutions due to the presence of the so-called anomalous term for the spin-1 sector of the DKP theory. Suspecting that the anomalous term results from an incomplete version of the DKP equation to describe the electromagnetic interaction, we consider the addition of a non-minimal coupling. This leads to the correct g-factor

and, as a consequence, the anomalous term becomes proportional to an external four current. As an application, the DKP equation with a static uniform magnetic field is considered, yielding the corresponding Landau levels.
The Spectrum of GH Excess in Carney Complex and Genotype-phenotype Correlations
Authors: Tatsi Christina , Pitsava Georgia , Faucz Fabio R , Keil Meg , Stratakis Constantine A
Published: April 2024

Context

Carney complex (CNC) is a familial neoplasia syndrome associated with GH excess (GHE).

Objective

To describe the frequency of GHE in a large cohort of patients with CNC and to identify genotype-phenotype correlations.

Methods

Patients with CNC with at least 1 biochemical evaluation of GH secretion at our center from 1995 to 2021 (n = 140) were included in the study. Diagnosis of GHE was based on levels of IGF-1, GH suppression during oral glucose tolerance test, GH stimulation after thyrotropin administration and overnight GH secretion.

Results

Fifty patients (35.7%) had GHE, and 28 subjects (20%) had symptomatic acromegaly, with median age at diagnosis of 25.3 and 26.1 years, respectively. Most of the patients (99.3%) had a PRKAR1A gene defect. There was a higher risk of GHE in patients harboring a variant that led to no expression of the affected allele [hazard risk (HR): 3.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2-7.8] and for patients harboring the hotspot variant c.491_492delTG (HR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.1-4.1). Almost half of patients with CNC had an abnormal finding on pituitary imaging. CNC patients with abnormal pituitary imaging had a higher risk of GHE (HR: 2.94, 95% CI: 1.5-5.8), especially when single or multiple adenoma-like lesions were identified. Management of patients with symptomatic acromegaly involved surgical and medical approaches.

Conclusion

Dysregulation of GH secretion is a common finding in CNC. Knowing the clinical spectrum of this disorder and its association with genetic and imaging characteristics of the patient make more likely its prompt diagnosis and better management.
Prevalence of Dysbetalipoproteinemia in the UK Biobank According to Different Diagnostic Criteria
Authors: Paquette Martine , Trinder Mark , Guay Simon-Pierre , Brunham Liam R , Baass Alexis
Published: April 2024

Context

Dysbetalipoproteinemia (DBL) is a multifactorial disorder that disrupts the normal metabolism of remnant lipoproteins, causing increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, establishing a proper diagnosis is difficult, and the true prevalence of the disease in the general population remains unknown.

Objective

The objectives were to study the prevalence of the disease and to validate the performance of different clinical diagnostic criteria in a large population-based cohort.

Methods

This study included 453 437 participants from the UK Biobank. DBL was established in participants having an ε2ε2 genotype with mixed dyslipidemia or lipid-lowering therapy use (n = 964). The different diagnostic criteria for DBL were applied in individuals without lipid-lowering medication (n = 370 039, n = 534 DBL), to compare their performance.

Results

Overall, 0.6% of participants had an ε2ε2 genotype, of which 36% were classified as DBL, for a disease prevalence of 0.2% (1:469). The prevalence of DBL was similar between the different genetic ancestries (≤0.2%). Several diagnostic criteria showed good sensitivity for the diagnosis of DBL (>90%), but they suffered from a very low positive predictive value (0.6-15.4%).

Conclusion

This study reported for the first time the prevalence of DBL in the UK Biobank according to genetic ancestry. Furthermore, we provided the first external validation of different diagnostic criteria for DBL in a large population-based cohort and highlighted the fact that these criteria should not be used to diagnose DBL alone but should rather be used as a first screening step to determine which individuals may benefit from genetic testing to confirm the diagnosis.
Twin Pregnancy Complicated by Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes
Authors: Das Devika , Christie Hannah E , Hegazi Moustafa , Takawy Marina , Pone Karina A , Vella Adrian , Egan Aoife M
Published: April 2024

Context

The risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in twin pregnancies is more than double that of singleton pregnancies. Although twin pregnancies present unique challenges for fetal growth and prenatal management, the approach to GDM diagnosis and treatment is the same regardless of plurality. Data on pregnancy outcomes for individuals with GDM and a twin pregnancy are limited and conflicting.

Objective

To describe the maternal characteristics associated with GDM in twin pregnancies and to assess the associated pregnancy outcomes compared to twin pregnancies unaffected by GDM.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA, and included predominantly Causasian women aged 18 to 45 years who received prenatal care for a twin pregnancy from 2017-2022. Maternal characteristics and a broad spectrum of pregnancy outcomes were evaluated. Universal GDM screening involved a 50 g oral glucose challenge test +/− a 100 g oral glucose tolerance test.

Results

GDM was diagnosed in 23% pregnancies (n = 104/452). Compared to those without, women with GDM had known risk factors including a higher prepregnancy body mass index (31.1vs 26.3 kg/m2; P < .01) and a prior history of GDM (21.7 vs 5.9%; P < .01). There were no differences in maternal pregnancy complications or neonatal outcomes between groups. Attendance at postpartum glucose testing among women with GDM was poor at 27.9% (29/104).

Conclusion

These data suggest that women with twin pregnancies share a similar GDM risk profile to those with singleton pregnancies and provide reassuring evidence that current management for GDM twin pregnancies produces similar outcomes to twin pregnancies without GDM.
Regulation of the Drosophila transcriptome by Pumilio and the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex
Authors: Haugen Rebecca J. , Barnier Catherine , Elrod Nathan D. , Luo Hua , Jensen Madeline K. , Ji Ping , Smibert Craig A. , Lipshitz Howard D. , Wagner Eric J. , Freddolino P. Lydia , Goldstrohm Aaron C.
Published: April 2024

The sequence-specific RNA-binding protein Pumilio controls Drosophila development; however, the network of mRNAs that it regulates remains incompletely characterized. In this study, we utilize knockdown and knockout approaches coupled with RNA-Seq to measure the impact of Pumilio on the transcriptome of Drosophila cells in culture. We also use an improved RNA co-immunoprecipitation method to identify Pumilio-bound mRNAs in Drosophila embryos. Integration of these datasets with the locations of Pumilio binding motifs across the transcriptome reveal novel direct Pumilio target genes involved in neural, muscle, wing, and germ cell development, and cellular proliferation. These genes include components of Wnt, TGF-beta, MAPK/ERK, and Notch signaling pathways, DNA replication, and lipid metabolism. We identify the mRNAs regulated by the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex, a key factor in Pumilio-mediated repression, and observe concordant regulation of Pumilio:CCR4-NOT target mRNAs. Computational modeling reveals that Pumilio binding, binding site number, clustering, and sequence context are important determinants of regulation. In contrast, we show that the responses of direct mRNA targets to Pumilio-mediated repression are not influenced by their content of optimal synonymous codons. Moreover, contrary to a prevailing model, we do not detect a role for CCR4-NOT in the degradation of mRNAs with low codon optimality. Together, the results of this work provide new insights into the Pumilio regulatory network and mechanisms, and the parameters that influence the efficacy of Pumilio-mediated regulation.
The Prp19C subunit Syf2 and the Prp19C-associated protein Cwc15 function in TREX occupancy and transcription elongation
Authors: Henke-Schulz Laura , Minocha Rashmi , Maier Nils Holger , Sträβer Katja
Published: April 2024

The Prp19 complex (Prp19C) also named NineTeen Complex (NTC) is conserved from yeast to human and functions in many different processes such as genome stability, splicing and transcription elongation. In the latter, Prp19C ensures TREX occupancy at transcribed genes. TREX in turn couples transcription to nuclear mRNA export by recruiting the mRNA exporter to transcribed genes and consequently to nascent mRNAs. Here, we assess the function of the nonessential Prp19C subunit Syf2 and the nonessential Prp19C-associated protein Cwc15 in the interaction of Prp19C and TREX with the transcription machinery, Prp19C and TREX occupancy as well as transcription elongation. Whereas both proteins are important for Prp19C-TREX interaction, Syf2 is needed for full Prp19C occupancy, and Cwc15 is important for the interaction of Prp19C with RNA polymerase II and TREX occupancy. These partially overlapping functions are corroborated by a genetic interaction between Δcwc15 and Δsyf2. Finally, Cwc15 also interacts genetically with the transcription elongation factor Dst1 and functions in transcription elongation. In summary, we uncover novel roles of the Prp19C component Syf2 and the Prp19C-associated protein Cwc15 in Prp19C’s function in transcription elongation.
Impact of an educational flyer and sensitization on performance-enhancement attitudes of bodybuilders in United Arab Emirates
Authors: Thomas Dixon , Shabeek Adhnan Abdul , Ahmed Hala , Mohammed Malak , Kawaguchi-Suzuki Marina , Anderson Ashley , Gopakumar Aji , Alhosani Reema , Khalifa Sherief , Mottram David
Published: April 2024

Background A high proportion of bodybuilders use supplements to improve performance, with some turning to prohibited substances and methods. The attitudes of bodybuilders towards performance enhancement may be gauged through surveys such as the Performance Enhancement Attitude Scales (PEAS). Educational interventions are recommended as part of anti-doping measures. The objective of this project was to assess the impact of a pharmacy-led intervention using an antidoping educational flyer and the performance enhancement attitude scale to measure the attitude of bodybuilders in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods The PEAS eight-item short form questionnaire was administered to male bodybuilders in the UAE. The PEAS was conducted before and after administration of an educational flyer concerning the problems associated with supplement use among bodybuilders. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank and Kruskal Wallis tests were used for data analysis. Results A total of 218 bodybuilders, who reported taking dietary supplements, filled out the survey both pre and post viewing the antidoping educational flyer. A difference was observed between the full-time professional bodybuilders, students, and part-time bodybuilders with other primary occupations (p-value <0.05). In addition, PEAS score decreased among the study population for all eight PEAS items (p-value <0.05). Conclusions The pharmacy-led intervention using an antidoping educational flyer and sensitization by PEAS achieved more favorable scores, suggesting a significant shift of opinion toward avoiding use of performance enhancing substances among the bodybuilder study population. More research is required on sustaining the attitude and demonstrating the impact on doping behavior.
A comprehensive review of energy efficient routing protocols for query driven wireless sensor networks
Authors: Bekal Punith , Kumar Pramod , Mane Pallavi R , Prabhu Ghanshyam
Published: April 2024

In this current era of communications and networking, The Internet of things plays the main role in the making of smart communication and networking. In this article, we have focused on the literature survey on wireless sensor networks which are energy efficient. Various standard protocols are reviewed along with some enhanced protocols which makes the network energy efficient. The comparison of the standard and enhanced protocols with respect to various applications in wireless sensor networks is thoroughly done in this article. The outcomes of the enhanced protocols are also briefly discussed. For easier analysis to future researchers, a comparative table which lists the enhanced protocols which are compared with standard counterparts along with the factors for energy efficiency of the protocols. This article also comments on the issues and challenges of the protocols which can be further analyzed for making the wireless sensor network more energy efficient.
Digital Tools for Boosting the Impact of Fiscal Decentralization in Africa's Local Economies
Authors: Monkam Nara , Mangwanya Maonei Gladys
Published: April 2024

Background Fiscal decentralization offers potential for stimulating local economic development in Africa, empowering subnational governments to control revenue and spending. However, challenges such as urbanization, poverty, inequality, insufficient infrastructure, and governance issues hinder the successful implementation of the core tenets of fiscal decentralization. This paper explores the role of digital technologies in promoting greater fiscal decentralization and revenue enhancement, as a strategic response to these local economic development challenges in Africa. Method Through a systematic literature review, this study explores the role of fiscal decentralization in driving local economic development, with a focus on leveraging digital technologies to boost revenue generation and strengthen governance and institutional capacity at the subnational level. Results The research underscores the importance of investing in digital infrastructure, skill development, and regulatory frameworks, while addressing data privacy and security concerns. Conclusion By emphasizing the transformative impact of digital technologies fiscal decentralization and property taxation, this paper contributes to the existing literature and highlights avenues for promoting local economic development across Africa.
The top 50 most-cited articles about COVID-19 and the complications of COVID-19: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Singh Tanya , Rao Padubidri Jagadish , Shetty Pavanchand H. , Antony Manoj Matthew , Mary Therese , Thejaswi Pallempati Bhanu
Published: April 2024

Background This bibliometric analysis examines the top 50 most-cited articles on COVID-19 complications, offering insights into the multifaceted impact of the virus. Since its emergence in Wuhan in December 2019, COVID-19 has evolved into a global health crisis, with over 770 million confirmed cases and 6.9 million deaths as of September 2023. Initially recognized as a respiratory illness causing pneumonia and ARDS, its diverse complications extend to cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, renal, hematological, neurological, endocrinological, ophthalmological, hepatobiliary, and dermatological systems. Methods Identifying the top 50 articles from a pool of 5940 in Scopus, the analysis spans November 2019 to July 2021, employing terms related to COVID-19 and complications. Rigorous review criteria excluded non-relevant studies, basic science research, and animal models. The authors independently reviewed articles, considering factors like title, citations, publication year, journal, impact factor, authors, study details, and patient demographics. Results The focus is primarily on 2020 publications (96%), with all articles being open access. Leading journals include The Lancet, NEJM, and JAMA, with prominent contributions from Internal Medicine (46.9%) and Pulmonary Medicine (14.5%). China played a major role (34.9%), followed by France and Belgium. Clinical features were the primary study topic (68%), often utilizing retrospective designs (24%). Among 22,477 patients analyzed, 54.8% were male, with the most common age group being 26-65 years (63.2%). Complications of COVID-19 affected 13.9% of patients, with a recovery rate of 57.8%. Conclusion Analyzing these top-cited articles offers clinicians and researchers a comprehensive, timely understanding of influential COVID-19 literature. This approach uncovers attributes contributing to high citations and provides authors with valuable insights for crafting impactful research. As a strategic tool, this analysis facilitates staying updated and making meaningful contributions to the dynamic field of COVID-19 research.
Problemy interdyscyplinarnych badań nad tłumaczeniami na języki mniejsze: kaszubski i śląski (na przykładzie Le Petit Prince Antoine’a de Saint-Exupéry’ego)
Authors: Włodarska Julia
Published: April 2024

PROBLEMS OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH ON TRANSLATIONS INTO MINORITY LANGUAGES: KASHUBIAN AND SILESIAN (ON THE EXAMPLE THE LITTLE PRINCE BY ANTOINE DE SAINT-EXUPÉRY)
This article analyzes issues related to the interdisciplinary study of translations into the minority languages: Kashubian and Silesian. The studies undertaken in the article include the fields of translation studies, literary studies, linguistics and comparative studies. The text describes issues related to terminology, issues of division between dominant and dominated languages, the role of translation into dominated languages, and the influence of foreign languages in terms of translation practice. The subject of the work is also a discussion of identity-forming aspects related to cultural memory.
Spatio-Temporal Time Series Forecasting Using an Iterative Kernel-Based Regression
Authors: Hen Ben , Rabin Neta
Published: April 2024

Spatio-temporal time series analysis is a growing area of research that includes different types of tasks, such as forecasting, prediction, clustering, and visualization. In many domains, like epidemiology or economics, time series data are collected to describe the observed phenomenon in particular locations over a predefined time slot and predict future behavior. Regression methods provide a simple mechanism for evaluating empirical functions over scattered data points. In particular, kernel-based regressions are suitable for cases in which the relationship between the data points and the function is not linear. In this work, we propose a kernel-based iterative regression model, which fuses data from several spatial locations for improving the forecasting accuracy of a given time series. In more detail, the proposed method approximates and extends a function based on two or more spatial input modalities coded by a series of multiscale kernels, which are averaged as a convex combination. The proposed spatio-temporal regression resembles ideas that are present in deep learning architectures, such as passing information between scales. Nevertheless, the construction is easy to implement, and it is also suitable for modeling data sets of limited size. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed model for solar energy prediction, forecasting epidemiology infections, and future number of fire events. The method is compared with well-known regression techniques and highlights the benefits of the proposed model in terms of accuracy and flexibility. The reliable outcome of the proposed model and its nonparametric nature yield a robust tool to be integrated as a forecasting component in wide range of decision support systems that analyze time series data.

History: Kwok-Leung Tsui served as the senior editor for this article.

Funding: This research was supported by the Israel Science Foundation [Grant 1144/20] and partly supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Israel [Grant 5614].

Data Ethics & Reproducibility Note: The code capsule is available on Code Ocean at https://codeocean.com/capsule/6417440/tree and in the e-Companion to this article (available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijds.2023.0019 ).
Recurrent intra-stent coronary restenosis in a carrier of non-disease-specific antinuclear antibodies
Authors: Tomberli Benedetta , Fumagalli Stefano , Minopoli Tiziana Cristina , Menale Silvia , Scheggi Valentina , Marchionni Niccolò
Published: April 2024

Intracoronary in-stent restenosis (ISR) is a phenomenon that generally occurs between 3 and 6 months after stent placement. With the introduction of drug-eluting stents (DES), the incidence of ISR has decreased but not disappeared. We report a case of reiterant in-stent restenosis of an 81-year-old female patient who underwent multiple percutaneous coronary intervention and two coronary artery bypass surgeries. ISR is possibly associated with extra-stent, stent-related and intra-stent factors. Here, we excluded the first two and focused on the intra-stent factors that seem more likely in our case. A challenging diagnostic workup led us to the hypothesis of a coronary vasculitis potentially triggered by some component of the stent in a predisposed patient carrier of non-disease-specific ANA, with an exaggerated immune response. No recurrence of ISR occurred after the introduction of steroids. Biological and intra-stent causes of ISR should be taken into careful consideration to aim for the early detection of the underlying mechanism of restenosis and to embrace the best therapeutic strategy.
Should histoplasmosis be screened for before initiation of tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitors?
Authors: Edupuganti Srujan , Chirumammilla Yashitha , Upadhyay Manoj , Osterholzer Danielle
Published: April 2024

Histoplasmosis is a soil based dimorphic fungus endemic to the Midwest and Southeastern United States and is responsible for infection through inhalation of conidia. Infection is usually asymptomatic, as the fungal growth is contained by formation of granulomas. However, dissemination can occur in immunocompromised hosts due to the lack of optimal activity of interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-17. There is a significant overlap between the symptomatology of histoplasmosis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). We are reporting a case of a 48-year-old female who presented with high grade fever, worsening generalized weakness and tachycardia. She had a previous history of bilateral cavitary lung lesions for which she was evaluated at an outside facility. As her entire infectious work up was negative and found to be positive for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA), a diagnosis of GPA was made and she was initiated on rituximab infusions 7 weeks prior to her presentation to our facility. Repeat infectious work up at our facility was positive for (1,3) beta-D-glucan test and urine histoplasma antigen. Prompt discontinuation of rituximab and initiation of systemic antifungal therapy led to clinical improvement. Based on this experience we would like to highlight the association of histoplasma with ANCA positivity along with the importance of closely monitoring these patients, for possible clinical worsening after the initiation of immunosuppressive therapy, despite the negative infectious work up.
Going back to basics: remembering touch in the digital era
Authors: Sousa Beatriz R. , Faustino Diogo , Pocinho Rita
Published: April 2024

Internal medicine is the specialty with the most semiological training and it is taught that the combination of a complete clinical history with a thorough physical examination allows for a diagnosis to be reached in the majority of cases. We present a clinical case where an incomplete physical examination interfered with the course of hospitalisation. In a growing technological world where complementary diagnostic tests often allow us to see what is impossible to the eye, the physical examination is often neglected.
Systematic review and network meta-analysis of different non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Zeng Tao , Ye Jian-Zhong , Qin Hui , Xu Qian-Qian
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Various non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been used for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). However, the optimal method for JIA has not yet been developed.

AIM

To perform a systematic review and network meta-analysis to determine the optimal instructions.

METHODS

We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, CNKI, and Wanfang without restriction for publication date or language at August, 2023. Any RCTs that comparing the effectiveness of NSAIDs with each other or placebo for JIA were included in this network meta-analysis. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) analysis was used to rank the treatments. P value less than 0.05 was identified as statistically significant.

RESULTS

We included 8 RCTs (1127 patients) comparing 8 different instructions including meloxicam (0.125 qd and 0.250 qd), Celecoxib (3 mg/kg bid and 6 mg/kg bid), piroxicam, Naproxen (5.0 mg/kg/d, 7.5 mg/kg/d and 12.5 mg/kg/d), inuprofen (30-40 mg/kg/d), Aspirin (60-80 mg/kg/d, 75 mg/kg/d, and 55 mg/kg/d), Tolmetin (15 mg/kg/d), Rofecoxib, and placebo. There were no significant differences between any two NSAIDs regarding ACR Pedi 30 response. The SUCRA shows that celecoxib (6 mg/kg bid) ranked first (SUCRA, 88.9%), rofecoxib ranked second (SUCRA, 68.1%), Celecoxib (3 mg/kg bid) ranked third (SUCRA, 51.0%). There were no significant differences between any two NSAIDs regarding adverse events. The SUCRA shows that placebo ranked first (SUCRA, 88.2%), piroxicam ranked second (SUCRA, 60.5%), rofecoxib (0.6 mg/kg qd) ranked third (SUCRA, 56.1%), meloxicam (0.125 mg/kg qd) ranked fourth (SUCRA, 56.1%), and rofecoxib (0.3 mg/kg qd) ranked fifth (SUCRA, 56.1%).

CONCLUSION

In summary, celecoxib (6 mg/kg bid) was found to be the most effective NSAID for treating JIA. Rofecoxib, piroxicam, and meloxicam may be safer options, but further research is needed to confirm these findings in larger trials with higher quality studies.
Fractional Fourier-transform off-axis digital holographic imaging
Authors: Zhang Junjie , Liu Yiwei , Cui Wanying , Jiang Zhuqing
Published: April 2024

A fractional Fourier-transform digital holographic imaging method with resolution enhancement features is presented. In an optical configuration, an extended fractional Fourier-transform optical setup is set in the object arm of an off-axis digital holographic recording system to record a fractional Fourier-transform hologram via the optical interference of the fractional Fourier-transform wavefront of an object wave with a reference wave. For reconstruction imaging, the reconstruction approach for fractional Fourier-transform holograms is given. In the experiment, the fractional Fourier-transform digital holograms are recorded under the different recording parameters, and their amplitude images are effectively reconstructed. The imaging results demonstrate that the reconstruction-imaging resolution of fractional-order Fourier-transform holograms is obviously enhanced compared to that of conventional image-plane holograms. The presented fractional Fourier-transform digital holographic imaging with resolution enhancement and optical configuration flexibility provides, to our knowledge, a novel way for off-axis digital holographic imaging.
Active visual continuous seam tracking based on adaptive feature detection and particle filter tracking
Authors: Fan Rong , Zhang Peng , Guo Fengyun , Rong Jie , Lian Xupeng
Published: April 2024

Welding seam tracking based on online programming is the future trend of intelligent
production. However, most of the existing image processing methods
have certain limitations in the adaptability, accuracy, and robustness
of weld feature point detection. The online welding method of gas
metal arc welding (GMAW) based on active vision sensing is studied in
this paper. The Steger sub-pixel detection method is used to guarantee
the accuracy of feature point extraction, and a self-adaptive search
window and self-adaptive slope extraction are proposed on this basis.
The self-adaptive window is generated according to the linear
information of the weld area, and the scale factor and range threshold
constraint are added to realize the real-time detection of the weld
feature information. Screening the center pixel of the laser stripe in
the self-adaptive window of the current frame by the initial slope or
the self-adaptive slope of the previous frame, the linear information
of the weld area is obtained. The self-adaptive slope of the current
frame is fitted by the random sampling consistency method, and the
pixel margin is retained to adapt to the linear detection of different
continuous welds. When arc light and other serious interference make
it difficult to obtain weld information, a particle filter is used to
make the best prediction of the weld position. Finally, the welding
robot platform based on laser vision sensing was built to test various
continuous welds of the butt weld, fillet weld, and lap weld.
Experimental results show that the detection speed is 27 ms,
and the accuracy of detection and tracking can respectively reach
0.03 mm and 0.78 mm, which meets the requirements of
weld detection and tracking.
Information propagation of focus wave mode localized waves in anisotropic turbulent seawater
Authors: Zhao Guoqing , Zhang Yixin , Yan Qingze , Yu Lin , Zhu Yun , Hu Lifa
Published: April 2024

The evolution of the information transfer capability of an optical system for underwater focused wave mode localized wave (FWMLW) in anisotropic weakly turbulent absorbing seawater is studied. By developing the probability distribution function as well as the detection probability of the vortex modes carried by the FWMLW and the average bit error rate of the FWMLW underwater system, the information capacity of the FWMLW system with a pointing error is modeled. Through a numerical analysis of the effects of turbulent seawater and optical system parameters on the built light intensity, the detection probability, and the information capacity models, we find that the FWMLW system has an optimal delay time determined by the spectrum bandwidth when the spectrum bandwidth is greater than 1. The information capacity of the FWMLW system is higher than that of the X localized wave system under the same turbulent seawater channel condition, and FWMLW is a better optical signal source for vortex mode division multiplexing underwater systems than a Bessel–Gaussian beam.
Ab initio-simulated optical response of hot electrons in gold and ruthenium
Authors: Akhmetov Fedor , Vorberger Jan , Milov Igor , Makhotkin Igor , Ackermann Marcelo
Published: April 2024

Optical femtosecond pump-probe experiments allow to measure the dynamics of ultrafast heating of metals with high accuracy. However, the theoretical analysis of such experiments is often complicated because of the indirect connection of the measured signal and the desired temperature transients. Establishing such a connection requires an accurate model of the optical constants of a metal, depending on both the electron temperature T
e
and the lattice temperature T
l
. In this paper, we present first-principles simulations of the two-temperature scenario with T
e
 ≫ T
l
, showing the optical response of hot electrons to laser irradiation in gold and ruthenium. Comparing our simulations with the Kubo-Greenwood approach, we discuss the influence of electron-phonon and electron-electron scattering on the intraband contribution to optical constants. Applying the simulated optical constants to the analysis of ultrafast heating of ruthenium thin films we highlight the importance of the latter scattering channel to understand the measured heating dynamics.