bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endovascular Treatment of Tentorial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulae
Authors: Wajnberg E. , Spilberg G. , Rezende M.T. , Abud D.G. , Kessler I. , Mounayer C.
Published: January 2017

Tentorial dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) is a rare vascular disease, which accounts for less than 4% of all cases of intracranial DAVF. Because of the high risk of intracranial hemorrhage, patients with tentorial DAVF need aggressive treatment. Management approaches are still controversial, and endovascular treatment has emerged as an effective alternative. In the current work, we describe our experience with the endovascular approach in the treatment of these deep and complex DAVF of the tentorium.

Eight patients were treated between January 2006 and July 2009. Six patients (75%) presented with intracranial hemorrhage related to the DAVF rupture. Four patients (50%) had subarachnoid bleeding and two had intraparenchymal hematoma. Endovascular treatment was performed via the transarterial route alone in five cases (62.5%), by the transvenous approach in two cases (25.0%) and in a combined procedure using both arterial and venous routes in one patient (12.5%). Complete obliteration of the fistula was achieved in all cases. The outcome at 15 months was favorable (modified Rankin scale 0–3) in seven (87.5%) patients. Complete cure of the lesion was confirmed in these cases.

This paper reports on the effectiveness of endovascular treatment in tentorial DAVF management. The choice of the venous versus the arterial approach is determined by regarding different anatomical dispositions.
Bone Healing Using a Bi-Phasic Ceramic Bone Substitute Demonstrated in Human Vertebroplasty and with Histology in a Rabbit Cancellous Bone Defect Model
Authors: Hatten H.P. , Voor M.J.
Published: January 2017

A non-exothermic material that demonstrates clinical pain relief comparable to polymethylacrylate (PMMA) for vertebroplasty and promotes bone healing is desirable. The purpose of this investigation is to demonstrate clinical pain score improvement and bone healing following vertebroplasty with a novel bi-phasic ceramic cement.

Twenty patients were prospectively treated for compression fractures in a single center in the USA with the injectable bi-phasic ceramic bone substitute. Statistical comparison of pain scores was made during a 12 month follow-up retrospectively against a matched cohort of patients treated with PMMA vertebroplasty by the same neuroradiologist (HPH) in the same setting. The bone remodeling material was also evaluated with histology in a New Zealand white rabbit model.

The bi-phasic material demonstrated a preoperative mean VAS score of 8.5 (± 1.6) with a significant post-operative pain relief mean VAS score of 1.8 (± 2.5) after one week, which was maintained throughout the 12 month follow-up period. These data are in line with the pain scores for the PMMA treated cohort. CT scans six and 12 months after surgery with the bi-phasic cement showed healing of the osteoporotic fractures. In the rabbit model, histology with the study material showed evidence of incorporation, new bone growth and bone healing in a cancellous bone defect.

Both the clinical results and the histologic evidence of bone healing and new bone growth support the application of this new bioinjectable material as an alternative to the use of PMMA for vertebroplasty.
A Late Haemorrhagic Complication in an ArterioVenous Malformation Cured with Radiosurgery
Authors: Le Feuvre D.E.J. , Parkes J.D. , Mukheiber P. , James R. , Taylor A.G.
Published: January 2017

Radiosurgery is a recognized safe form of treating and usually curing arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Complications related to radiosurgery, especially late sequelae, are rare. Such sequelae may be secondary to incomplete treatment of the original lesion such as haemorrhage, or secondary to the radiation damage to the tissue, or both. Sometimes treatment may induce new lesions. We report a patient who had an AVM cured with radiosurgery, but developed hemisensory loss acutely and had changes on MRI in keeping with a haematoma. We discuss the possible differential diagnosis that should be considered.
Endovascular Treatment of Internal Carotid and Vertebral Artery Aneurysms Using a Novel Pericardium Covered Stent
Authors: Vulev I. , Klepanec A. , Bazik R. , Balazs T. , Illes R. , Steno J.
Published: January 2017

Intracranial aneurysm is a fairly common (often asymptomatic) condition. Subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with aneurysmal rupture is a potentially lethal event with a mortality rate as high as 50 percent and a high rate of disability among those who survive the initial hemorrhage, such that recently published guidelines support treatment of intracerebral aneurysms. The current treatment options include surgical clipping and endovascular treatment, but these are not without significant problems. Despite the trend toward endovascular treatment the rate of recurrence and complications is high. Current published evidence of the use of covered stent is limited to stents covered with polytetrafluoroethylene. It is now recognized that mammalian extracellular matrix represents an excellent scaffold material suitable for many therapeutic applications and glutaraldehyde treated pericardium has been widely used for many years due to its desirable features such as low immunogenicity and durability. This report describes the first published experience with the Aneugraft Pericardium Covered Stent (ITGI Medical, OR Akiva, Israel) in the treatment of internal carotid and vertebral artery aneurysms in three patients. In all three cases, the implantation of this novel device has resulted in successful closure of aneurysms.
Peripheral Disc Margin Shape and Internal Disc Derangement: Imaging Correlation in Significantly Painful Discs Identified at Provocation Lumbar Discography
Authors: Bartynski W.S. , Rothfus W.E.
Published: January 2017

Annular margin shape is used to characterize lumbar disc abnormality on CT/MR imaging studies. Abnormal discs also have internal derangement including annular degeneration and radial defects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential correlation between disc-margin shape and annular internal derangement on post-discogram CT in significantly painful discs encountered at provocation lumbar discography (PLD).

Significantly painful discs were encountered at 126 levels in 86 patients (47 male, 39 female) studied by PLD where no prior surgery had been performed and response to intradiscal lidocaine after provocation resulted in either substantial/total relief or no improvement after lidocaine administration. Post-discogram CT and discogram imaging was evaluated for disc-margin characteristics (bulge/protrusion), features of disc internal derangement (radial annular defect [RD: radial tear/fissure/annular gap], annular degeneration) and presence/absence of discographic contrast leakage.

In discs with focal protrusion, 50 of 63 (79%) demonstrated Grade 3 RD with 13 (21%) demonstrating severe degenerative change only. In discs with generalized-bulge-only, 48 of 63 (76%) demonstrated degenerative change only (primarily Dallas Grade 3) with 15 of 63 (24%) demonstrating a RD (Dallas Grade 3). Differences were highly statistically significant (p<0.001). Pain elimination with intra-discal lidocaine correlated with discographic contrast leakage (p<0.001).

Disc-margin shape correlates with features of internal derangement in significantly painful discs encountered at PLD. Discs with focal protrusion typically demonstrate RD while generalized bulging discs typically demonstrated degenerative changes only (p<0.001). Disc-margin shape may provide an important imaging clue to the cause of chronic discogenic low back pain.
Endovascular Management of Vascular Injury during Transsphenoidal Surgery
Authors: Çinar C. , Bozkaya H. , Parildar M. , Oran I.
Published: January 2017

Vascular injury is an unusual and serious complication of transsphenoidal surgery. We aimed to define the role of angiography and endovascular treatment in patients with vascular injuries occurring during transsphenoidal surgery.

During the last ten-year period, we retrospectively evaluated nine patients with vascular injury after transsphenoidal surgery. Eight patients were symptomatic due to vascular injury, while one had only suspicion of vascular injury during surgery. Four patients presented with epistaxis, two with subarachnoid hemorrhage, one with exophthalmos, and one with hemiparesia. Emergency angiography revealed a pseudoaneurysm in four patients, contrast extravasation in two, vessel dissection in one, vessel wall irregularity in one, and arteriovenous fistula in one. All patients but one were treated successfully with parent artery occlusion, with one covered stent implantation, one stent-assisted coiling method, while one patient was managed conservatively. One patient died due to complications related to the primary insult without rebleeding.

Vascular injuries suspected intra or postoperatively must be investigated rapidly after transsphenoidal surgery. Endovascular treatment with parent artery occlusion is feasible with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates in the treatment of vascular injuries occurring in transsphenoidal surgery.
A Novel Swine Model to Evaluate Arterial Vessel Injury after Mechanical Endovascular Thrombectomy
Authors: Gory B. , Bresson D. , Rouchaud A. , Yardin C. , Mounayer C.
Published: January 2017

Few animal models have been reported to evaluate and compare mechanical endovascular thrombectomy (MET) devices used to treat human ischemic stroke. These models may contribute to the understanding of arterial injury induced by a MET device and potentially by extrapolation to human intracranial arteries. We have developed a novel swine model for MET that allows visualization of the thrombus/device interaction and characterization of mechanical impact on the vessel wall. Twenty superficial femoral arteries were occluded with radiopaque thrombus, and 20 without thrombus were treated with thrombectomy devices. Acute histopathological changes were evaluated. The swine femoral artery, which is comparable in size to the human middle cerebral artery or basilar artery, may offer a useful animal model for the study of histologic alterations induced by MET.
Percutaneous Treatment of a Sacral Metastasis with Combined Embolization, Cryoablation, Alcohol Ablation and Sacroplasty for Local Tumor and Pain Control
Authors: Lee J.H. , Stein M. , Roychowdhury S.
Published: January 2017

Multiple treatment options have been introduced for the treatment of sacral tumoral bone pain. These options include pre-operative sacral embolization, percutaneous cryoablation, alcohol ablation, and sacroplasty. We intend to show that in the correct clinical scenario, a combination of the four procedures performed as a two-stage process can effectively treat tumoral bone pain refractory to medical therapy.
Usefulness of Intravascular Doppler Flow Measurements in Cerebral Endovascular Treatment
Authors: Fukui K. , Negoro M. , Takahashi I. , Fukasaku K. , Nakabayashi K. , Yoshida J.
Published: January 2017

Measurement of cerebral blood flow in cerebral endovascular procedures is useful for the assessment of treatment effects. We used transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) and Doppler guide wires (SmartWire®, Cardiometrics Co.) in intravascular treatment.

The cases were 6 brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM), 2 carotid cavernous fistulas (CCF), 2 facial angiomas, and 2 carotid stenoses.

Intravascular cerebral blood flow measurements with the SmartWire were performed during the endovascular procedure. TCD was used pre- and post-endovascular treatment, and velocity, pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) were compared with the SmartWire.

For both TCD and SmartWire, blood velocity of the main artery decreased, and PI and RI were improved after embolisation of AVM.

In angioplasty cases, post stenotic flow velocity, as measured by SmartWire, was improved, and the flow of MCA measured with TCD was also improved after treatment. The SmartWire is useful to assess cerebral blood flow changes during the neuroendovascular procedure.

Combined with repeated follow up with TCD, Doppler flow measurements are useful to assess the effect of endovascular treatment.
Anatomic Variations and Pathologic Conditions as Risk Factors of Complications in Percutaneous Lumbar Nucleotomy
Authors: Dullerud R. , Johansen J.G. , Haakonsen M. , Nakstad P.H.
Published: January 2017

This study was carried out to assess anatomic variations and pathologic changes associated with a potentially increased risk of complications during percutaneous nucleotomy.

The MRI and CT examinations of 88 patients were reviewed with regard to the positional relationship between the trajectory to the disc and the bowel and iliac vessels respectively at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels. Pathologic conditions involving the anterior part of the annulus were assessed both by MRI and by CT-discography of 97 discs.

The shortest distance from the needle course to the bowels was 29 mm. At ten other disc levels this distance was less than 40 mm.

The position of the bowels is influenced by the size of the patient, the size and course of the psoas muscles and the amount of retroperitoneal fat. The bowels are at greaten distance from the trajectory at the L5-S1 than at the L4-L5 level. The risk of bowel puncture seems to be minimal.

The iliac vessels were positioned behind the midportion of the disc in three patients. There was greater variation and a shorter distance to the trajectory at the L5-S1 than at the L4-L5 level.

Anterior disc hernias, and particularly severe annular degeneration involving the anterior part of the annulus are frequently seen. These conditions include a weakening of the annulus and may increase the risk of anterior perforation during nucleotomy.
Endovascular Stenting for Pseudoaneurysms of the Cervical Carotid Artery
Authors: Miyachi S. , Ishiguchi T. , Taniguchi K. , Miyazaki M. , Maeda K.
Published: January 2017

The authors report two cases of pseudoaneurysm of the cervical carotid artery treated with endovascular stenting. One patient presented with cerebral ischemia due to traumatic carotid dissection and underwent stent placement 3 weeks after injury when the wide-necked pseudoaneurysm was seen to enlarge at the dissecting portion.

The aneurysm thrombosed while the carotid artery remained patent without ischemic complications for 2 years. The other patient developed repeated massive bleeding from an exposed pseudoaneurysm at the right carotid-subclavian junction resulting from radiotherapy for thyroid cancer with subsequent skin infection.

Since skin grafting failed and two attempts at coil embolization resulted in compaction with recurrent enlargement of the aneurysm, endovascular stenting was performed with endosaccular coil packing between the stent struts. Hemostasis was achieved for 2 months. Both cases illustrate successes of the stent in highly difficult situations.
Detection of Embolic Signals during and after Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty of Subclavian and Vertebral Arteries Using Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography
Authors: Sawada M. , Hashimoto N. , Nishi S. , Akiyama Y.
Published: January 2017

We investigate the safety and/or risk of PTA for vertebral and subclavian artery stenosis by monitoring embolic signals using transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography.

Twelve consecutive patients undergoing PTA for subclavian and vertebral artery stenosis of atherosclerotic origin were studied. Before, during and after PTA, TCD monitoring was performed to detect embolic signals for 30 minutes at each time.

No embolic signals were detected in any patient before angioplasty. During angioplasty, one embolic signal was detected immediately after balloon deflation in one of 12 patients. Several embolic signals were detected after the procedure in six of 12 patients, but thereafter embolic signals became less frequent in number. Three days after angioplasty, embolic signals were not detected in any patient.

TCD monitoring could be a useful modality for detection of microemboli during and after PTA in the posterior circulation. Our present study suspected that subclinical microemboli are released from the dilated vessels for three days after vertebral and subclavian PTA and anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapies may prevent embolic complications after the procedure.
Successful Treatment of Superior Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis
Authors: Niwa J. , Ohyama H. , Mastumura S. , Sasaki T.
Published: January 2017

A 22-year-old pregnant women showed a rapid deterioration in her clinical condition.

Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis was diagnosed, and direct transvenous infusion of t-PA into the superior sagittal sinus was performed.

This treatment resulted in recanalization of the occluded superior sagittal sinus and in a dramatic improvement of neurological deficits.
A Microguide Wire with a Scale (Scaler Guide)
Authors: Nishi S. , Hashimoto N. , Todaka T. , Nomura A.
Published: January 2017

There are various methods for measuring an affected vascular size during embolization or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). Metallic balls, electrodes, grids, coins on the skin were simple and useful in this sense, but not stable and exact for measuring.

A 0.014 “or 0.016” microguide wire with 5 gold markers in the tip is newly developed and used clinically (a scaler guide). One marker measures 1 mm in length. There is a distance of 4 mm between two neighboring markers. A microcatheter is navigated using a standard microguide wire into the vessels of the lesion. Bilateral digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is performed after exchange of a microguide wire with a scaler guide. Magnification ratio between distance measured by DSA and real distance from markers is calculated. Thereafter, the size of the vessels will be measured.

With this method, the size of vessels was measured in patients with aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation or stenotic lesion. Selection of coils or PTA balloons could be made easily and effectively. Interventions were more safely performed with this new scaler guide.
Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Binds Reversibly in Vitro to Guglielmi Detachable Coils
Authors: Kallmes D.F. , Hankins G.R. , Borland M.K. , Cloft H.J. , Jensen M.E. , Dion J.E. , Helm G.A.
Published: January 2017

We determined the propensity for and reversibility of transforming growth factor-ß (TGFß) binding to uncoated Guglielmi Detachable Coils (GDC) and to GDC coated with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins.

Three 1.0 centimetre samples each of uncoated GDC-18 and of GDC-18 coated with either poly-L-lysine, laminin, type I collagen, type IV collagen, fibronectin, or poly-L-lysine and laminin were prepared. These samples were immersed briefly in a solution containing I125-labelled TGFß at a concentration of 0.225 μg/ml with initial specific activity of 123.3 mCi/mg (DuPont-NEN, Billerica, MA), and were counted using a scintillation counter. Each sample was then placed in a vial containing saline, shaken for 60 seconds, and counted again. Selected samples were immersed for varying periods within the TGFß solution and counted before and after saline rinse. Samples were rinsed one week after initial rinsing and counted again. The amount of binding between coil types was compared using the Student t test.

For all samples initial binding of TGFß was in the order of 60–120 pg/cm. For the pre-rinse data there were no statistically significant differences between the amount bound to any single coil coating type relative to other coatings. Compared to the initial accumulations, the amount remaining after rinsing ranged from 40% (poly-L-lysine) to 63% (poly-L-lysine with laminin), with a mean of 55% among the seven coil types. After rinsing there was more growth factor remaining on uncoated coils than on poly-L-lysine-coated coils (p=0.05), fibronectin-coated coils (p=0.01), and type IV collagen-coated coils (p=0.04). There was a trend toward greater residual growth factor on coils coated with poly-L-lysine and laminin compared to coils coated with poly-L-lysine alone (p=0.10). Delayed, second rinsing of the samples one week after initial testing demonstrated only minor incremental loss of TGFß from the coil surfaces. After five minutes of immersion, accumulation was approximately 200% greater than that noted with brief submersion, but immersions lasting over five minutes did not yield increasing levels of TGFß binding.

TGFß binds to GDC coils. Binding is not improved with ECM protein-coated coils compared to uncoated coils. The absolute amount of TGFß bound to the coil will likely result in local concentrations of growth factor in the order of those required for biological activity in vivo.
Paediatric Spinal Arteriovenous Malformations: Angioarchitecture and Endovascular Treatment
Authors: Emery D.J. , Willinsky R.A. , Burrows P.E. , Armstrong D. , Montanera W. , Terbrugge K.
Published: January 2017

This is a retrospective review of the clinical records and imaging of 14 children with spinal arteriovenous malformations referred to the neurointerventional service at our institution. The lesions are categorized by anatomic location into subpial (5 cases), epidural (3 cases), and paraspinal (6 cases).

There were no dural arteriovenous fistulas in this group. The subpial lesions include both the intramedullary arteriovenous malformations (2 cases) and the perimedullary arteriovenous fistulas (3 cases). Two of the patients with perimedullary fistulas were first cousins and both had Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome. The six paraspinal lesions were vertebral-vertebral fistulas with five of these located at the first cervical metamere.

Eleven cases (79%) were arteriovenous fistulas and three cases (21%) were arteriovenous malformations with a nidus. There were nine (82%) high flow arteriovenous fistulae and two (18%) low flow arteriovenous fistulae. The ages range from seven months to 15 years, with a mean age of seven years.

There were nine males and five females. Clinical presentations included: bruit alone (6 patients), progressive scoliosis (1 patient), pain (2 patients), neurologic deficit (4 patients) and one case of Cobb's syndrome. Management included: no treatment (1 patient), endovascular embolisation (10 patients) and surgery (3 patients). Of the patients who underwent endovascular treatment all were treated from the arterial side. Two patients were treated by N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) alone, two with NBCA and coils, one with balloons alone, three with balloons and coils and two with coils alone.

In the endovascular treatment group, nine fistulae were completely obliterated (all high flow fistulae) and one patient had partial treatment (a spinal cord arteriovenous malformation). There were no complications from endovascular treatment.
“Corrosion” of Tungsten Spirals. A Disturbing Finding
Authors: Weill A. , Ducros V. , Cognard C. , Piotin M. , Moret J.
Published: January 2017

Very long-term (more than 30 months after treatment) skull plain films of patients treated with Mechanical Detachable Spirals “MDS” (tungsten) for intracranial aneurysm or dural fistula by venous approach, showed a decreasing level of radiopacity of the spirals suggesting that this material was resorbing with time. To date, all the aneurysms selectively treated with “MDS” which were followed-up by angiography more than 30 months after treatment (three cases) showed recanalization. The recanalization was proportional to degree of the “corrosion”.
Results and Problems in Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty for Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis
Authors: Yoshimura S. , Kaku Y. , Ueda T. , Hayashi K. , Nishimura Y. , Andoh T. , Sakai N.
Published: January 2017

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is currently performed as a therapeutic strategy for the management of the cervical carotid artery stenosis. In our clinic, PTA was performed successfully in all 24 patients initially.

Restenosis was observed in 4 of 24 patients who received 3 to 6 month follow-up angiography. Repeated PTA was performed in 4 patients, 3 of whom were successfully treated, while severe wall dissection occurred in 1 patient. Furthermore, asymptomatic re-restenosis was noted in 1 of 4 patients who received repeated PTA. Dissection was noted in 5 of 28 procedures, which occurred more often in the patients with calcified or restenotic lesions.

These results suggest that stenting or emergent surgery should be prepared in PTA of the carotid artery stenosis to avoid major complications, especially when the patients have calcified or restenotic lesions.
Morphological Study of Carotid Artery of WHHL Rabbit after Balloon Dilatation
Authors: Yokouchi T. , Iwabuchi S. , Tomiyama A. , Samejima H. , Takahashi K. , Shiomi M.
Published: January 2017

We performed balloon dilatation in the carotid artery of WHHL rabbits and examined subsequent morphological alteration over time. The balloon was inserted as far as the carotid bifurcation and observations were made on the morphological alteration after dilatation in the atherosclerotic intimal thickening from immediately after balloon dilatation over a period of ten months. Immediately after balloon dilatation, endothelial cells came of circularly and stretching, fragmentation off elastic fibers and coming off of smooth muscle cells of the media were confirmed. No change in the degree of thickening after dilatation was seen in the atherosclerotic intimal thickening of the carotid bifurcation. Three weeks later, endothelium covering except some parts, circular neointima and fibrosis of the media were observed; foamy cells had accumulated in the upper layer of the atherosclerotic intimal thickening, and that region was not yet covered with endothelial cells. The progress of fibrous intimal thickening so as to keep the lumen smooth was seen up to six months later, but foamy cells were not found in the neointima.
Spinal Cord Infarction Complicating Embolisation of Vertebral Metastasis
Authors: Cloft H.J. , Jensen M.E. , Do H.M. , Kallmes D.F.
Published: January 2017

A 70-year-old woman presented with severe back pain secondary to metastasis of renal cell carcinoma to the second lumbar vertebral body. She had no evidence of spinal cord compression clinically or on MR imaging. Tumour embolisation was performed for pain relief. The embolisation was complicated by spinal cord infarction resulting from angiographic masking of a spinal artery by diversion of contrast material into the high-flow tumour.
Initial Experiences of Carotid Stenting with Palmaz Stent
Authors: Sadato A. , Taki W. , Sakai N. , Aoki T. , Isaka F. , Oowaki H. , Sato T. , Kawanabe Y. , Hashimoto N.
Published: January 2017

Results of cervical carotid stenting are reported. Twenty-nine lesions in 25 cases were treated by percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty combined with stent placement. All the lesions were successfully dilated.

There was one embolic complication during the operation that caused deterioration of preoperative symptoms. Stent deformation causing more than 30% luminal narrowing occurred in one case. Instent restenosis with more than 50% luminal narrowing was seen in bilateral lesions in one case. These were satisfactory results as an initial experience, but further improvement in this technique is considered essential especially to avoid embolic complications.
Preoperative Tumor Embolization
Authors: Akaji K. , Onozura S. , Hayashi T. , Katayama M. , Kawase T.
Published: January 2017

We performed an embolization of tumors which we considered to need preoperative embolization, such as deep-seated tumors, or hypervascular tumors. We experienced 12 such cases in the two-year period from September 1996. Eight cases were meningiomas, one case was a hemangiopericytoma, one case was an angiofibroma and two cases were glomus tumors. As embolic material, we usually use estrogen-alcohol and polyvinyl acetate which soften the tumor. When a provocative test is either impossible or positive, the distal induction of a microcatheter is impossible or a dangerous anastomosis is present, we select polyvinyl alchol particles (120∼250μm) and liquid coils. We performed an embolization of a very hypervascular tumor, juvenile angiofibroma, by a direct tumor puncture, using a mixure of N-butylcyanoacrylate, lipiodol and tantalum powder. Angiography in all cases showed a reduction of the tumor stain. The embolic method should be selected based on a combination of such factors as the purpose of embolization, the identification of the feeding artery and the histological findings.
Supercodes Reflected in Titles Battered Women Accord to Their Life Stories
Authors: Kacen Lea
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate a new method of analyzing life story interviews. According to this method, interviewees are asked to title their life story at the end of the main interview. These titles are analyzed as texts by the researcher, in order to identify the central storyline. Comparison of storylines enables us to define the supercode of the interviewee's life stories. In this article, the author uses titles that battered women give to their life stories to demonstrate the process of analyzing titles, and discusses the advantages as well as the limitations of this method.
Interpreters/Translators and Cross-Language Research: Reflexivity and Border Crossings
Authors: Temple Bogusia , Edwards Rosalind
Published: January 2017

In this article, the authors examine the implications of extending calls for reflexivity in qualitative research generally to cross-language research with interpreters. Drawing on the concept of ‘borders’, they present two research projects to demonstrate the need to locate the interpreter as active in producing research accounts. They extend the concept of ‘border crossing’, relating this to identity politics and the benefits of making the interpreter visible in research.
Hermeneutic Inquiry: Paying Heed to History and Hermes An Ancestral, Substantive, and Methodological Tale
Authors: Moules Nancy J.
Published: January 2017

Hermeneutic or interpretive inquiry is a living tradition of interpretation with a rich legacy of theory, philosophy, and practice. This paper is not intended to be a treatise on the right way to view and practice this tradition, but an exploration of the legacies that inform the philosophy of practice as the author has taken it up. In this explication, the author examines the ancestral, philosophical, and methodological histories that inform a current practice of hermeneutic inquiry.
The Argumentative Quality of the Qualitative Research Report
Authors: Smaling Adri
Published: January 2017

The author argues that, to be convincing, the claims of a qualitative research report must be logically and clearly supported. Eight rules for good argumentative dialogue are presented. The author then presents the process of analogical reasoning to support cross-case generalization.
Maintaining Validity: The Development of the Concept of Trust
Authors: Hupcey Judith E.
Published: January 2017

Maintaining validity while moving a concept to a higher level of maturity is a dilemma that faces all qualitative researchers. In this section, research projects related to the concept of trust will be used to illustrate how new studies can be built on previous ones and then all studies integrated to develop a comprehensive model without compromising validity. The multiple stages of inquiry will be elucidated using the strategies of deconstruction, development of a skeletal framework, and scaffolding as described by in the opening section by Morse and Mitcham.

The strategy of deconstruction was used in the initial project (Morse, 2000), which was a multidisciplinary concept analysis to determine the level of conceptual maturity. Once it was determined that trust was not well developed in the context of health care interactions, literature was used as data (Morse, 2000) to advance the concept further for the purposes of concept clarification. Although this began the process of identifying the structural features of the concept, these data left us with many questions, particularly since the trust literature was context bound and thus not easily applied to health care relationships. A skeletal framework was then developed to investigate trust in health care relationships using grounded theory (Hupcey, Penrod, & Morse, 2000). This project also advanced the concept further toward maturity, but some aspects still remained unclear. For example, risk as a precondition for trust as found during the concept clarification was not necessarily seen when trust was applied to health care relationships. The strategy of scaffolding was then used as data collection continued with other types of participants and in different contexts to clarify discrepancies in the data and verify the developing model of the concept of trust in health care interactions (Hupcey, Clark, Hutcheson, & Thompson, in press; Thompson, Hupcey, & Clark, in press). Here, I focus on the process of deconstruction, and briefly describe the development of a skeletal framework and the scaffolding process for this research program related to the concept of trust.
Issues in Multi-Method Research: Constructing Self-Care
Authors: Meetoo Danny , Temple Bogusia
Published: January 2017

In this article, the authors examine claims that using more than one method in research automatically enhances validity. They argue that if the findings from different methods are the same this does not automatically prove the study is valid. It may show that the researchers looked only for evidence that supported the findings from one method. Complementarity of methods does not mean that different methods have to produce the same findings. That different methods work together as equal partners has to be demonstrated rather than assumed. A study of self-care in relation to people with diabetes is used to draw out some of the issues in the operationalisation of multiple method validation.
Advancing Women's Social Justice Agendas: A Feminist Action Research Framework
Authors: Reid Colleen
Published: January 2017

Feminist action research is a promising, though under-developed, research approach for advancing women's health and social justice agendas. In this article the foundations, principles, dimensions, promises, and challenges of engaging in feminist action research are explored.
Living Spaces for Talk with/in the Academy
Authors: Patterson Donna , Brogden Lace Marie
Published: January 2017

Exploring to find the question is always already exploring to find the method. What's (really) happening when we talk in academic spaces? What talk(s) belong in the Academy? Where does the ‘talk’ happen and how is it (in)visible? Based on ‘talk’ of reflective practice shared between two colleagues, this article examines issues of ethics, methodology and usefulness as they pertain to the terra (in)cognito of idea talk with/in the Academy. Through a dialogue about methods and method in which we emphasize permission to dwell, we hope to further inquiry into the role of talk with/in the Academy.
Multiple Voices and Methods: Listening to Women Who Are in Workplace Transition
Authors: Balan B. Nicole
Published: January 2017

In this article, the author illustrates, through one participant's transcripts, the two-part method used in research that sought a deeper understanding of the perceived learning of female professionals during workplace transition. Five women participated in a 1-hour interview and a focus group. To give voice to each participant while also identifying common themes and learning experiences, the author used a two-step research method. The first step entailed individual interviews, which the author analyzed using a voice-centered relational method. The author chose the second step, the focus group, to facilitate women's learning from each other's experience.
Incommensurability in Cross-Disciplinary Research: A Call for Cultural Negotiation
Authors: MacCleave Anne
Published: January 2017

What happens when a clinical psychologist, a grounded theorist, an ethnographer, and a phenomenologist meet to collaborate on an interdisciplinary grant proposal on childhood loneliness? Excerpts of an imaginary dialogue reveal how different disciplines can be thought of as different “cultures,” because each has its own way of doing things, deeply embedded assumptions about knowledge and the construction/representation of reality, and different specialized languages. Some of these differences might be incommensurable and call for cultural negotiation if a coherent approach is to be adopted. Cultural negotiation helps to make differences more accessible and understandable rather than creating inflexible or polarized ideological camps. This process might help methodologists think about researching across disciplines in new and more effective ways.
Exploiting Exceptions to Enhance Interpretive Qualitative Health Research: Insights from a Study of Cancer Communication
Authors: McPherson Gladys , Thorne Sally
Published: January 2017

Although it has long been understood that a well-constructed data set ought to be filled with complexities and contradictions, observations that challenge or contradict analytic interpretations are not often given sufficiently serious attention in the methodological qualitative health literature. When researchers attempt to produce comprehensive or “holistic” findings, they all too often set aside or gloss over the negative cases that fail to conform to their emerging interpretive generalizations. In this article, the authors challenge fellow qualitative health researchers to engage actively in identifying and exploiting both actual and theoretical exceptions as a valuable analytic strategy. They argue that heightened sensitivity for negative cases uncovers the assumptive claims deriving from our various methodological orientations and illuminates alternative explanations. They propose that thoughtful attention to contradictory or challenging observations can deepen our expectations about the kinds of knowledge products that qualitative research ought to yield, thereby helping us advance the credibility of our findings and the ultimate utility of our empirical conclusions.
Listening above the Din: The Potential of Language in Organizational Research
Authors: Murphy Steven A. , O'Brien Annik N.
Published: January 2017

In this article, the authors critically examine the use of language in organizational research. A literature review of management articles since the 1950s reveals that qualitative research is increasingly using quantitative methods to bolster arguments and argue for increased reliability. The authors found relatively few articles that included any analysis of the language or context embedded in any empirical study. They offer suggestions for the creation of alternative research paradigms that incorporate language and provide a voice to previously muted methods and voices.
Reciprocity and Constructions of Informed Consent: Researching with Indigenous Populations
Authors: Ellis Jason Brent , Earley Mark A.
Published: January 2017

In this article, the authors present a discussion of institutional review boards and potential challenges qualitative researchers may face when presenting human subjects research proposals to these boards for approval. In particular, they focus on issues of consent and reciprocity with Indigenous populations, whose culture and traditions might be quite different from those review boards typically see. After presenting these issues, the authors close with a framework that can be used as a guide for ethical considerations in research with Indigenous peoples.
Subjectivity and the “Native” Ethnographer: Researcher Eligibility in an Ethnographic Study of Urban Indian Women in Hindu Arranged Marriages
Authors: Chawla Devika
Published: January 2017

In this conversation, the author's goal is to discuss subjectivity/s as evolving and temporal representational emergences in ethnographic fieldwork. She uses her participation in a narrative ethnographic study of women's experiences in Hindu arranged marriages to show how her positions traveled and constantly shifted in the years of fieldwork. Ultimately, she shifts focus to her fieldwork and explores the ways in which her co-participants shifted her selves and, in so doing, “represented” their own marital stories. As she does so, she shows herself caught between eligibilities granted to her by her participants and how these shaped what she discerned in the narratives. Her broader goal in enacting these tough yet healthy tensions is to facilitate a dialogue on how the resculpting of the ethnographer shows us the recursive relationship among subjectivity/s, representation, and interpretation.
Reflections on the Narrative Research Approach
Authors: Moen Torill
Published: January 2017

In her reflections on the narrative research approach, the author starts by placing narrative research within the framework of sociocultural theory, where the challenge for the researcher is to examine and understand how human actions are related to the social context in which they occur and how and where they occur through growth. The author argues that the narrative as a unit of analysis provides the means for doing this. She then presents some of the basic premises of narrative research before she reflects on the process of narrative inquiry and addresses the issue of the “true” narrative. Throughout the article, the author refers to educational research and in the concluding section argues that the results of narrative research can be used as thought-provoking tools within the field of teacher education.
Views from the Village: Photonovella with Women in Rural China
Authors: Heinonen Tuula , Cheung Maria
Published: January 2017

In this article the authors provide an overview of the situation of women in rural China as a backdrop for the photonovella process and inquiry activities conducted by the first author in three rural sites in China. They describe the key themes identified through analysis of the narrative accounts and photographs presented by groups of rural women. The photonovella enabled rural women to select from their pictures several photos of significance to them to show and describe these to women from other villages and to the researcher. Concerns, interests, hardships, and achievements of the women related to their work, families, and communities were voiced as they showed their photos. This method, used in conjunction with other qualitative methods—including focus group interviews, village visits, and survey data—provided information that complemented and enriched our understanding of rural women's lives in China.
Unity and Detachment: A Discourse Analysis of Doctoral Supervision
Authors: Bradbury-Jones Caroline , Irvine Fiona , Sambrook Sally
Published: January 2017

In this article the authors report on an approach that they used to enhance their understanding of the complex nature of doctoral supervision by analyzing e-mail communication within a supervisory relationship. Although some scholars have discussed research supervision, empirical research on the subject is limited, and the authors found no published attempts to explore doctoral supervision through the analysis of e-mail communication. The authors analyze correspondence between one doctoral student and two supervisors using discourse analysis influenced by the Foucauldian notion of disciplinary power. The findings revealed the discourses of unity and detachment operating throughout the course of the doctoral relationship. The authors suggest that research students might be no less detached from their supervisors on completion of their studies than at the beginning of their relationship and argue that understanding the discourses of doctoral supervision can enhance the quality and successful outcome of the experience.
Qualitative Interviewing Using Interpersonal Process Recall: Investigating Internal Experiences during Professional-Client Conversations
Authors: Larsen Denise , Flesaker Keri , Stege Rachel
Published: January 2017

Interpersonal process recall (IPR) interviewing uses video-assisted recall to access conscious yet unspoken experiences in professional caregiving interactions. Although IPR has been employed across the helping professions, little has been written about effectively conducting IPR interviews. Drawing on their IPR-based counseling research on hope, the authors provide a framework for the use of IPR interview strategies and for addressing challenges unique to IPR. Specific issues include (a) preparing the research team and setting, (b) issues specific to IPR interviewing, including framing IPR questions, (c) working with heightened emotion, and (d) negotiating professional/researcher roles. Finally, they discuss participant experiences and potential applications of IPR.
Expanding the Action Project Method to Encompass Comparative Analyses
Authors: Domene José F. , Young Richard A.
Published: January 2017

This article is an exploration of the possibility and pragmatics of conducting between-groups comparative analysis in action theory and the action project method of qualitative research. After establishing the need for such a procedure and describing the compatibility of these analyses with the paradigm assumptions of action theory, the authors describe a specific set of procedures for conducting qualitative comparisons within the action project method. They also discuss limitations of the procedure and future directions for continuing the expansion of methods of comparison in qualitative research. Finally, they present a case illustration of the use of this comparative analysis method.
A Neophyte's Journey through Qualitative Analysis Using Morse's Cognitive Processes of Analysis
Authors: Walker Rachel , Cooke Marie , McAllister Margaret
Published: January 2017

Abstract: In the early stages of her master's thesis the author became increasingly concerned about how she would analyze the data for her planned critical interpretive study. She felt that she needed clear direction about the process of qualitative analysis but found the “how to” of theory development within qualitative data analysis poorly described and vague. A book chapter by qualitative researcher Janice Morse (1994) provided guidance. In it Morse outlined four cognitive and essentially sequential processes, which the author adapted to guide the analysis of data for her study.
Roving Focus Groups: Collecting Perceptual Landscape Data in Situ
Authors: Propst Dennis B. , McDonough Maureen H. , Vogt Christine A. , Pynnonen Dori M.
Published: January 2017

Although focus groups are adaptable to unique situations, experts warn that the physical environment in which discussions take place should (a) be free from distractions, (b) be neutral, and (c) permit participants to face each other. In 2004 and 2005 the authors experimented with roving focus groups in the rural landscape of Michigan (USA). As they moved along in a vehicle, participants discussed features that contributed to and detracted from rural landscape character. Results from a follow-up survey supported focus group themes. Such a congruence of results provides confidence in the procedure and expands interpretation of the concept, rural character. Qualitative procedures are rarely used to evaluate landscapes. In this study roving focus group results provided reliable and valid policy-relevant criteria at sufficient detail for planning purposes. The authors demonstrate the technology used to record the focus groups and discuss the pros and cons and ways of improving this procedure.
Using Q Method in Qualitative Research
Authors: Shinebourne Pnina
Published: January 2017

In this paper the author outlines the features of Q method and assesses its suitability as a qualitative research method. She discusses the process of using the method and its particular approach to researching the range and diversity of subjective understandings, beliefs, and experiences. Q method is particularly suitable for identifying commonality and diversity and has a powerful capacity for thematic identification and analysis. In the author's view, Q method makes a contribution to expanding the repertoire of qualitative research methods.