bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Моделирование лазерного энергоподвода в газовый поток
Authors: Киселева Т.А. , Коротаева Т.А. , Яковлев В.И.
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe results of numerical modeling of laser energy supply in a supersonic flow are presented. In contrast to the common approach, in the new calculation model, not only the absorbed power is taken into account, but also the plasma breakdown impulse in the domain of emission focusing does. The value of the impulse is determined using the model of radiation absorption behind the front of the laser-supported detonation wave. An analysis of the results is presented.
Метод повышения эффективности тепловой регенерации сенсора на основе силикалита: молекулярно-динамическое моделирование
Authors: Куцова Д.С. , Богатиков Е.В. , Шебанов А.Н. , Бормонтов Е.Н.
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe molecular dynamics simulation has been used to find a nonlinear temperature dependence of the sorption/desorption probability coefficients in the methane–silicalite system. A method is proposed for using this nonlinearity to raise the efficiency of methane desorption from the silicalite via oscillatory heating. The results obtained can be used in thermal regeneration of zeolite-based gas-sensitive sensors.
Обменная пружина в гетероструктуре с низкотемпературным ферромагнетиком Pd-=SUB=-0.96-=/SUB=-Fe-=SUB=-0.04-=/SUB=-
Authors: Янилкин И.В. , Мухаметова Э.Т. , Вахитов И.Р. , Гумаров А.И. , Юсупов Р.В. , Тагиров Л.Р.
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe exchange bias of the magnetic hysteresis loop and the exchange-spring effect have been observed in thin-film heterostructures comprising layers of Pd_0.96Fe_0.04 low-temperature ferromagnet, metallic cobalt, and cobalt monoxide (CoO) grown on single-crystalline sapphire by methods of magnetron sputtering and molecular beam epitaxy in an ultrahigh-vacuum system. It is established that the exchange anisotropy of Pd_0.96Fe_0.04 layer in Pd_0.96Fe_0.04/CoO/Co/Al_2O_3 thin-film heterostructure is absent and the exchange-spring effect in this system is not manifested. In the case of a Pd_0.96Fe_0.04/Co/CoO/Al_2O_3 structure, it is shown that, according to the results of magnetometric measurements, the inversion of the order of antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic layers leads to pinning of the magnetic moment of Pd_0.96Fe_0.04 layer at the interface with cobalt and to realization of the exchange-spring effect. Additional evidence in favor of this interpretation was obtained using the micromagnetic modeling of magnetic hysteresis loops.
Генерация импульсно-периодической последовательности наносекундных искровых разрядов в воздушном промежутке между прозрачными гидрогелевыми электродами
Authors: Дубинов А.Е. , Кожаева Ю.П.
Published: March 2019

AbstractHydrogel electrodes transparent in the visible range have been used for the first time to generate periodic sequences of nanosecond pulsed spark discharges with current amplitude up to 400 A at a 250-Hz repetition frequency. Video images of the discharge and craters formed on the surface of hydrogel electrodes are presented.
Адаптивные свойства спайковых нейроморфных сетей с синаптическими связями на основе мемристивных элементов
Authors: Никируй К.Э. , Емельянов А.В. , Рыльков В.В. , Ситников А.В. , Демин В.А.
Published: March 2019

AbstractNeuromorphic computing networks (NCNs) with synapses based on memristors (resistors with memory) can provide a much more effective approach to device implementation of various network algorithms as compared to that using traditional elements based on complementary technologies. Effective NCN implementation requires that the memristor resistance can be changed according to local rules (e.g., spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP)). We have studied the possibility of this local learning according to STDP rules in memristors based on (Co_0.4Fe_0.4B_0.2)_ x (LiNbO_3)_1 –_ x composite. This possibility is demonstrated on the example of NCN comprising four input neurons and one output neuron. It is established that the final state of this NCN is independent of its initial state and determined entirely by the conditions of learning (sequence of spikes). Dependence of the result of learning on the threshold current of output neuron has been studied. The obtained results open prospects for creating autonomous NCNs capable of being trained to solve complex cognitive tasks.
Электронная структура металлических слоев в двухслойном квазидвумерном органическом металле (BETS)-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-HgBr-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-(C-=SUB=-6-=/SUB=-H-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-Cl-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-)
Authors: Любовский Р.Б. , Песоцкий С.И. , Жиляева Е.И. , Флакина А.М. , Любовская Р.Н.
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe have studied the behavior of the Shubnikov–de Haas (SdH) oscillations in the quasi-two-dimensional dual-layered organic metal (BETS)_4HgBr_4(C_6H_4Cl_2). It is established that the spectrum of SdH oscillations in this compound agrees well with theoretical calculations and qualitatively coincides with the analogous spectrum of (ET)_4HgBr_4(C_6H_4Cl_2) isostructural organic metal. The fractional substitution of sulfur by selenium in the cationic layer strongly decreases the values of cyclotron masses. This decrease is most probably caused by weakening of the electron–phonon interaction.
Искажения прямоугольного радиоимпульса с хаотической несущей, распространяющегося в диспергирующей резонансно-поглощающей газовой среде
Authors: Стрелков Г.М. , Худышев Ю.С.
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe briefly describe the possible character and peculiarities of dispersion-induced distortions of a rectangular pulse with chaotic carrier modeled using the third-order Chebyshev map of the first kind propagating in a resonantly absorbing gas medium. It is established that, as the pulse goes away from the radiator, its envelope exhibits transformation toward a noiselike shape. In a rather wide region of parameters of the dispersive medium, distortions of the envelope are not accompanied by breakage or principal changes of its autocorrelation and frequency correlation functions.
Systematic Review of Postural Sway Features in Parkinson's Disease Classification (Preprint)
Authors: Ge Wenbo , Lueck Christian J. , Apthorp Deborah , Suominen Hanna
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. It is associated with impaired quality of life, reduced working capacity, and increased mortality. Current diagnosis and tracking lacks objectivity, resulting in late diagnosis and suboptimal treatment.

OBJECTIVE

Our objective is to review the existing literature to 1) assess the effectiveness of features currently being used and determine if any refinements may increase feature effectiveness, and 2) provide a summary of current methods being used.

METHODS

A systematic review of the literature, searching 5 online databases. An Effect Size (ES) was derived for every feature reported in each article. Effect size were combined over several articles by averaging and by pooling. The effect of sampling rate and clinical state on ES were also assessed.

RESULTS

443 papers were found, reduced to 31 after review. 25 of these contained enough information to derive effect sizes. The most common features were not the most effective, that there was a relationship between sampling rate and ES, assessment when off medication best distinguished patients from controls.

CONCLUSIONS

This review identifies the optimal features when measuring postural sway, including sampling rate, and clinical state, to maximize ES when trying to distinguish patients with PD from controls. The findings will influence future research and assist in developing a more objective tool for the assessment of PD.
Models for Drone Go Aerial Disaster Relief Response System
Authors: Shen Yin Chen
Published: March 2019

According to the requirement, we established a non-linear programming model and a three-dimensional packing model and designed a Drone Go disaster response system meeting the demand of medical supplement and road video reconnaissance. We also determine the optimal location selection, container assembly schemes, as well as the UAV flight routes and flight plans.

First of all, we established a coordinate system to fit the topographic map of Puerto Rico through the digital image processing method and collect the road pixels in the topographic map. Then compared it with the detection range of the UAVs to analyze the exploration area and reconnaissance rate of different flight plans.

Second, we establish a nonlinear programming model with the constraint of the distance between the hospitals and the distribution of the medicine. Using time and exploration area as the target function to determine the optimal location and make a best decision by weighing both factors.

Third, we establish a model of three-dimensional packaging and using the heuristic algorithm to determine the best package solution of two iso container respectively. The constraint is to take enough medicine and drone to make the two highest utilization rates of the volume of the container, trying to reduce the use of buffer material.
Finally, the optimal flight plan is determined with the consideration of the highest flight safety and detection efficiency of UAV. In the stability analysis of our model, we prove the reliability of our model from different perspectives. Then we analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of our model.
Capital humano y pobreza regional en Perú
Authors: León Mendoza Juan Celestino
Published: March 2019

El objetivo del artículo es determinar la influencia del capital humano sobre la evolución de la pobreza monetaria regional en Perú. En el marco de la teoría del capital humano, se postula que la acumulación de este capital, aproximado por las variables de educación y salud, contribuyó a reducir la magnitud de la pobreza mediante el crecimiento económico. Para ello se efectuaron estimaciones econométricas con el método de los mínimos cuadrados ordinarios y las pruebas de heterocedasticidad, multicolinealidad y autocorrelación. Los resultados indican que por cada año más de escolaridad alcanzado y por cada año adicional en la esperanza de vida, el porcentaje de individuos en situación de pobreza se redujo en 8.7 y 3.1 puntos respectivamente. El estudio se limitó al análisis de la pobreza monetaria, y se halló la relevancia del capital humano en la reducción de ésta en las regiones.
El paciente y su relación con el médico radiólogo
Authors: Perochena González Anamari
Published: March 2019

La seguridad del paciente es lo primero. De ahí que la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) recomiende incrementar la “comunicación efectiva con el paciente”. En esta ocasión se invita a la reflexión con el tema de la relación médico-paciente, que desde luego incluye la atención del radiólogo en una propuesta internacional de “una radiología centrada en el paciente”.
Serie Presenta No. 3 Expresión facial
Authors: Olvera López Adriana , Fortoul van der Goes Teresa I. , Sánchez Mendiola Melchor
Published: March 2019

El rostro es el principal vehículo de la comunicación no verbal, y es también el más complicado. En esta tercera entrega de la serie encontrarás sugerencias para identificar tus expresiones faciales y para prepararte a mostrar emociones que comuniquen mejor los contenidos de tu presentación.
TETANUS IMMUNIZATION AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN: COVERAGE RATE AND RATE OF PROTECTION AT TIME OF DELIVERY
Authors: Aljedry Zamzam Ali Hezam Saleh , Shaib Alia A. , Al-Shamahy Hassan A H. , Al-Jaufy Ahmed Y.
Published: March 2019

Even though attempts have been effectively applied to eradicate the neonatal tetanus through widespread childhood vaccination and improved conditions at delivery, it remains major cause of infant mortality and continues a problem of public health in developing countries including Yemen.  The aims of this study were to determine the tetanus immunization status, the association between the risk factors and failure of protection in pregnant women at time of delivery. This cross-sectional study included 476 women seeking care for delivery at Al Thawra Modern General Hospital and Al Sabain Hospital, women age ranged from 16-49 years old. Immunization information and factors affecting it were obtained through a standard questionnaire. Serum samples were collected and level of IgG antibody against Clostridium tetani was measured by ELISA technique. Protected women were defined as those with serum antibody levels > or = 0.6 IU/ml.  The total vaccine covering rate of tetanus was 87%, and  maternal vaccine rate was 33.6%, the protective rate at time of delivery was 68.5%. There were significant association between  unvaccinated (OR=18.6), older ages (OR=1.7), rural residency (OR=34) and malaria infection during pregnancy (OR=2.9); with protection failure in pregnant women at time of delivery. It can be concluded that the total vaccine coverage rate and antenatal tetanus vaccine rate were insufficient. In addition, the protective rate at time of delivery was low and large numbers of neonate are susceptible to neonatal tetanus and death. Vaccinating every pregnant woman with at least one dose of TT would be an affordable and effective way to protect against neonatal tetanus, and would be a step toward eliminating the deaths that continue to occur due to this preventable disease in Yemen.
STUDY ON FRESH LEAF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF FLACOURTIA INDICA FOR HEPATOPROTECTIVE, ANTI-ANEMIC AND HYPOGLYCEMIC ABILITIES IN CCL4 INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS
Authors: A Idoko , Emmanuel Ufedo-Enyo G.
Published: March 2019

Hepatic injury and its associated conditions have been reportedly shown to be managed through herbal remedies. In this study, investigation of the fresh leaf aqueous extract of Flacourtia indica (of the family of Salicaceae) as hypoglycemic, anti-anemic and hepatoprotective agent in albino wistar rats induced CCl4 hepatotocxicity was done. Fifteen rats of either sex, weighing 175-295g, divided into five groups (I-V) of three rats each, were used. Group-I is negative control, II-positive control and III –V test groups. Groups II-V were induced 200mg/Kg/bodyweight CCl4, for 3-days, for hepatic injury and anemia. Groups III-V were respectively treated orally with 400, 600 and 800 mg/Kg/bodyweight of fresh leaf aqueous extracts (FLAE) of Flacourtia indica, for 7-days. Activities of Alanine aminotransferase, Aspartate aminotransferase, Alkaline phosphatase, concentrations of Bilirubin, Albumin, Total protein, blood glucose and packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin were assayed. Results after induction showed significant (p˂0.05) decrease in heamoglobin and PCV, significant (p˂0.05) increase in the liver function enzymes and blood glucose compared with results of liver function enzyme and blood glucose having significant (p˂0.05) decrease, and significant (p˂0.05) increase of PCV and hemoglobin after treatment with FLAE of Flacourtia indica. Body weight of rats induced CCl4 was found to increase with FLAE of Flacourtia indica treatment. It may be concluded that the potentials exhibited by FLAE of Flacourtia indica to manage hyperglycaemia, hepatic injury and anemia induced by CCl4 are associated with its antioxidant activity and the presence of phytochemicals, minerals and nutrients value.
Instrumentos que orientan las tesis y los trabajos de titulación: el caso de las guías y manuales en la Universidad de Cuenca-Ecuador (2010-2016)
Authors: Novillo-Verdugo Miguel Angel , Villavicencio-Quinde Manuel
Published: March 2019

Un requisito previo a la obtención del título profesional en las distintas carreras universitarias es la elaboración de una tesis o un trabajo de titulación que, necesariamente, obedece a parámetros según las exigencias de la Universidad. El presente artículo toma como punto de partida la problemática que se reconoce en el proceso de investigación y en la elaboración de los trabajos de titulación -bajas tasas de graduación, falencias de escritura y dispersión de requerimientos-, y aborda como caso de estudio la Universidad de Cuenca (Ecuador) y las distintas facultades que la constituyen. La metodología y el objetivo principal consistieron en analizar los diferentes dispositivos que son utilizados en las facultades (guías y manuales), por medio de documentos primarios.
Recursos Educativos Abiertos en la Universidad Estatal a Distancia
Authors: Hernández-Montoya Diana , Sandoval-Poveda Ana María
Published: March 2019

Este artículo pretende evidenciar el recorrido de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED) de Costa Rica en el tema de los Recursos Educativos Abiertos (REA, por sus siglas en español): sus inicios, sus procesos, sus logros y sus retos actuales. Para lograrlo, se comenzará por ubicar los REA en el ámbito mundial y nacional, de forma que sea evidente la necesidad institucional de adaptar estos recursos a los procesos educativos de la UNED. Además, se presentará el recorrido y los esfuerzos realizados para difundir su uso, adaptación y creación en diferentes áreas del saber y los resultados obtenidos hasta el momento. Finalmente, se plantearán los retos de la universidad y cómo se enfrentan; de manera que sea patente la invitación a unirse a esta forma de trabajo.
Estrategias de gestión en educación superior: análisis desde los enfoques basados en resultados y en procesos
Authors: Zamora-Serrano Evelyn , González-Rodríguez Jonnathan Enrique
Published: March 2019

El artículo sistematiza las características de los enfoques de gestión por resultados y de gestión por procesos, sus premisas, métodos y beneficios dentro del ámbito de la educación superior. Provee insumos suficientes para que, quienes lideran las distintas unidades académicas o administrativas universitarias, puedan tomar decisiones sobre su implementación, de acuerdo con su contexto y realidad particulares. Se propone una herramienta para la identificación de afinidades con cada enfoque y se concluye con el detalle de los impactos que el uso de estos enfoques podría tener sobre asuntos de planificación estratégica, manejo de recursos e integración participativa institucional, entre otros aportes. La utilidad que deviene de la indagación realizada, como valor agregado, es que una instancia académica pueda identificar cuál de los enfoques es facilitador para el logro de metas en su contexto particular.
Relación de la inteligencia emocional y la evaluación de desempeño docente
Authors: Hernández-Jaimes Belem Gabriela
Published: March 2019

La investigación tuvo como propósito identificar la relación que existe entre la Inteligencia Emocional y la Evaluación de Desempeño Docente con el fin de concientizar a los docentes de hacer algún cambio sobre su comportamiento dentro y fuera del aula de clase. La investigación fue de tipo transeccional correlacional, y se obtuvo un censo de 225 docentes de dos facultades de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM). Se utilizaron dos instrumentos: Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) del autor Reuven Bar-On (2000) y la evaluación de desempeño docente a partir de la opinión de los alumnos. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, se pudo determinar que la inteligencia emocional se relaciona significativamente con la evaluación de desempeño docente.
Adaptation and mitigation strategies in the transportation sector to reduce the greenhouse gases emission in Batu City
Authors: Lestari Juwita Amanda , Boedisantoso Rachmat , Assomadi Abdu Fadli
Published: March 2019

The increased number of tourists in Batu City has resulted in traffic congestion, which led to the increase of emission contributing to GHGs effect and caused global warming. According to Presidential Regulation Number 71 of 2011, each region is required to conduct a national inventory of GHGs emission, in order to determine the appropriate adaptation and mitigation strategies in reducing the GHG emission. This research aimed to reduce the GHGs emission and to determine the appropriate adaptation and mitigation strategies in Batu City especially in the transportation sector. IPCC Guidelines 2006 was used as the method to calculate GHGs emissions. Such method allowed the researchers to determine the emission level by using secondary data obtained from the relevant institution. Determination upon adaptation and mitigation strategies was on the basis of several scenarios of emission level reduction while the prioritized strategy selection was based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process method. This research revealed that the GHGs emission with business as usual scenario in 2030 contributed by transportation reached 2,072.64 Gg of CO2 while the greatest reduction of GHG emissions amounted to -6.13% taken from the scenario of Intelligent Transport System application. More importantly, the researchers figured out that the prioritized adaptation strategies should be the improvement of Urban Open Space and public transportation rejuvenation for the mitigation.
Métodos para aferir a adesão à farmacoterapia em doenças crônicas: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Soldatelli Oliboni Lívia , Silveira de Castro Mauro
Published: March 2019

Estima-se que a não-adesão atinja quase a metade dos usuários crônicos de medicamento. Objetivo: considerando a importância da identificação da não-adesão à farmacoterapia, tem-se o objetivo de mapear a literatura existente no que diz respeito aos métodos de aferi-la. Método: esta revisão narrativa foi conduzida sem limitação temporal, por meio de buscas realizadas nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed, Scielo e Google Acadêmico. Para isso, utilizaram-se os descritos em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) (Medication Adherence e Adesão à Medicação; Patient Compliance e Cooperação do Paciente; Surveys and Questionnaires e Inquéritos e Questionários); os termos MESH (medication adherence, patient compliance, surveys and questionnaires); e outros termos gerais. Resultados: os métodos para aferir adesão são categorizados em medidas diretas e indiretas. Não há um padrão ouro para aferir a adesão, pois sempre há vantagens e desvantagens em cada método. A medida indireta de autorrelato parece ser o método mais indicado para monitorar a adesão e avaliar o comportamento da não-adesão e para ser utilizado na prática clínica. Conclusão: apesar da riqueza de informações encontradas nesta área, não há consenso entre os pesquisadores. Deve-se verificar qual dimensão se quer medir quanto à adesão e então escolher o instrumento adequado ou então associar instrumentos para realizar a medida pretendida.
Desafios na gestão do componente especializado da assistência farmacêutica: resultados de uma oficina de trabalho
Authors: Assunção Costa Lindemberg , Ribeiro Pinto Charleston , Mariano F. Cassarini Alexandra , Cláudio Rocha Souza Filho Homero , De Oliveira Carneiro Emmanuel , Pereira Pinto Roney , Fernandes Freitas Gabrieli , Tupiná de Alcântara Aramis , Segal Lopes Fernanda , Lourenço Silva Anderson
Published: March 2019

Introdução: Apesar de avanços importantes nas políticas públicas de medicamentos no Brasil, a disponibilização de medicamentos de forma contínua e em quantidade adequada às necessidades da população ainda é um desafio, especialmente, para medicamentos de alto valor agregado. Há poucos estudos que avaliam o Componente Especializado da Assistência Farmacêutica (CEAF) na perspectiva dos profissionais envolvidos com sua gestão. Objetivo: Descrever os resultados de três oficinas sobre a gestão do CEAF. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, qualitativo com discussão em grupos envolvendo informantes chaves da gestão da Assistência Farmacêutica das Secretarias Estaduais de Saúde (SES’s). Resultados: Diversas barreiras para a melhor gestão do CEAF foram identificadas, incluindo questões relacionadas ao financiamento, recursos humanos, infraestrutura das unidades de saúde, gestão da logística de medicamentos e sistemas de informação para o gerenciamento das atividades. Conclusões: A implementação de novas diretrizes de financiamento da Assistência Farmacêutica, que garantam melhor equilíbrio financeiro entre os entes federados, e a melhor articulação entre o Ministério da Saúde e as SES’s foram apontados como alternativas para melhor da gestão da Assistência Farmacêutica.
Editorial: Gestão da assistência farmacêutica no sistema único de saúde: desafios e propostas para sua qualificação
Authors: Ribeiro Pinto Charleston , Assunção Costa Lindemberg
Published: March 2019

Próximo a completar 30 anos, o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) deixa um legado de avanços na área de Assistência Farmacêutica (AF), principalmente após a Política Nacional de Medicamentos e a Política Nacional de Assistência Farmacêutica. Cabe destacar a promoção do acesso aos medicamentos e a descentralização das ações de Assistência Farmacêutica. A importância da Assistência Farmacêutica nas políticas públicas é visível ao se analisar seu investimento que 2003 era cerca R$ 2 bilhões passando para aproximadamente R$ 15 bilhões em 2015. No ano de 2014, somente no âmbito do Componente Especializado da Assistência Farmacêutica (CEAF) foram destinados R$ 4,9 bilhões dos R$ 12,4 bilhões investidos em medicamentos pelo Ministério da Saúde. Apesar de avanços consideráveis alcançados no campo das políticas farmacêuticas no SUS, o acesso aos medicamentos continua sendo um desafio, principalmente em virtude da baixa disponibilidade de medicamentos essenciais em unidades públicas de saúde. Dados recentes da Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos (PNAUM) que envolveu 8.591 usuários em municípios das cinco regiões do Brasil encontrou que 59,8% dos usuários declararam ter acesso total a medicamentos por meio de unidades dispensadoras do SUS.
Speed search for information
Authors: Ziedenberg Mark
Published: March 2019

No Abstracts Available
World Wide Web editorial inspires readers to write
Authors: DeKay Eldon
Published: March 2019

No Abstracts Available
Data Resource: the National Pupil Database (NPD)
Authors: Jay Matthew Alexander , Mc Grath-Lone Louise , Gilbert Ruth
Published: March 2019

IntroductionThe National Pupil Database (NPD) is a record-level administrative data resource curated by the UK government’s Department for Education that is used for funding purposes, school performance tables, policy making, and research.

ProcessesData are sourced from schools, exam awarding bodies, and local authorities who collect data on an on-going basis and submit to the Department for Education either termly or yearly.

Data contentsNPD contains child-level and school-level data on all pupils in state schools in England (6.6 million in the 2016/17 academic year). The primary module is the census, which has information on characteristics and school enrolment. Other modules include alternative provision, exam attainment, absence and exclusions. Data from children’s social care are also available on children referred for support and those who become looked after. Children’s records are linkable across different modules and across time using a nationally unique, anonymised child-level identifier. Linkage to external datasets has also been accomplished using child-level identifiers.

ConclusionsThe NPD is an especially valuable data resource for researchers interested in the educational experience and outcomes of children and young people in England. Although limited by the fact that children in private schools or who are home schooled are not included, it provides a near-complete picture of school trajectories and outcomes for the majority of children. Linkage to other datasets can enhance analyses and provide answers to questions that would otherwise be costly, time consuming and difficult to find.
Reflexiones en torno al método científico y sus etapas / Reflections on the scientific method and its stages
Authors: Cienfuegos Velasco María de los Angeles
Published: March 2019

El desarrollo de habilidades y competencias en el quehacer investigativo exige la revisión de las diferentes etapas de su método. Por ello, el principal objetivo de este ensayo es reflexionar acerca de la ciencia tanto básica como aplicada, su método y sus etapas de ejecución. En concreto, en el presente trabajo se consideraron las siguientes nomenclaturas: 1) población de estudio, 2) ejecución de la investigación (observacional o experimental), 3) resultados y 4) conclusiones, las cuales se superponen, por lo que es difícil establecer fronteras entre ellas. En tal sentido, se concluye que cuando se trabaja en cada una de estas es conveniente tener presente tanto las anteriores como las posteriores. Asimismo, se debe prever que el criterio experimental tiene un solo proyecto (el experimento) enfocado, tradicionalmente, en las ciencias naturales. En cambio, el criterio observacional (con nueve diseños o proyectos) se centra habitualmente en las ciencias sociales. A pesar de esto, ambos son complementarios, de modo que se pueden utilizar en un mismo proyecto de investigación, lo cual debe ser advertido por profesores, asesores, metodólogos e investigadores.
Método de Pólya aplicado al lenguaje algebraico en primer año de licenciatura / Pólya Method Applied to the Algebraic Language in First Year of Degree
Authors: Saucedo Fernández Mario , Espinosa Carrasco Martha Elena , Herrera Sánchez Santa del Carmen
Published: March 2019

El bajo rendimiento presente en los estudiantes de diversos niveles en el ámbito matemático es un tema preocupante en la actualidad para los docentes. Mediante este estudio se efectuó un análisis documental a través del cual se pudo evidenciar que el método de Pólya, como estrategia didáctica aplicada a las matemáticas, incrementa las habilidades en los alumnos como resolutores. El estudio de alcance correlacional se trabajó con dos grupos, control y experimental, formados a partir de la población de 68 estudiantes de primer año de la Universidad Autónoma del Carmen. El desarrollo de la investigación consistió en una evaluación previa para verificar la homogeneidad de los grupos; posteriormente se implementó la estrategia didáctica al grupo experimental, y finalmente se evaluaron los conocimientos adquiridos. Dentro de los resultados arrojados por las pruebas estadísticas se pudo encontrar evidencia significativa, y se concluyó que el método de Pólya incrementó el rendimiento de los estudiantes con los que se trabajó la estrategia en comparación con aquellos a los que no se les aplicó.
Vuorovaikutuksen näkökulmia imperatiivisten vuorojen rakenteeseen ja käyttöön
Authors: Lilja Niina
Published: March 2019

Arvioitu teos:

Marja-Leena Sorjonen, Liisa Raevaara & Elizabeth Couper-Kuhlen (toim.): Imperative turns at talk. The design of directives in action. Studies in Language and Social Interaction 30. Amsterdam: John Benjamins 2017. 435 s. isbn 978-90-272-2640-2.
Lukutaito emansipaation välineenä ja yhteisön voimavarana
Authors: Hiidenmaa Pirjo
Published: March 2019

Arvioitu teos:

Tuija Laine: Aapisen ja katekismuksen tavaamisesta itsenäiseen lukemiseen. Rahvaan lukukulttuurin kehitys varhaismodernina aikana. Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura 2017. 210 s. isbn 978-952-222-862-8.
Sosiolingvistinen teoria ja aikamme ilmiöt
Authors: Vaattovaara Johanna
Published: March 2019

Arvioitu teos:

Nikolas Coupland (toim.): Sociolinguistics. Theoretical debates. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2016. 458 s. isbn 978-1-107-63575-3.
ACHIEVING DIVERSITY THROUGH ONLINE INTER-INSTITUTIONAL COLLABORATIONS
Authors: McCurdy Shari
Published: March 2019

This paper examines best practices for technology use in online, collaborations between the University of Illinois at Springfield and Chicago State University in class sessions shared across institutional boundaries. We explore the collaborations between these two ethnically and culturally diverse institutions. The University of Illinois at Springfield received two grants in the fall of 2004 to address the challenge of encouraging diversity in online and on campus classes. One grant, from the Illinois Board of Higher Education supported the development of online collaborations between classes at UIS with astudent population that is approximately 9% ethnic minority and Chicago State University with a student population that is more than 90% ethnic. Highlighted are synchronous and asynchronous exchanges using Elluminate Live’s synchronous, web-based two–way audio conferencing and Blackboard’s asynchronous discussion board technologies.
QUALITY MATTERS: INTER-INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY IMPROVEMENT FOR ONLINE COURSES
Authors: Sener John
Published: March 2019

The Quality Matters (QM) project funded by FIPSE and administered by MarylandOnline (MOL) is creating a replicable inter-institutional continuous improvement model to assess, assure, and improve the quality of online courses. Designed to address statewide and national needs for credible quality assurance in online learning, the inter-institutional collaboration is an integral and essential feature of QM project organization, implementation, and impact. The project uses inter-institutional, intersegmental peer review teams as an integral part of the quality improvement process; the expansion of the peer reviewer pool to involve faculty from two- and four-year institutions beyond MOL members in peer reviews of courses is also particularly noteworthy. The QM project’s success to date indicates the viability of creating an interinstitutional collaborative process for quality improvement in online courses. Future efforts will focus on determining whether the project can build and maintain a sustainable model for the long term.
CASES OF INSTITUTIONAL TRANSFORMATION
Authors: Universities Six
Published: March 2019

Six institutions provide snapshots of some of the major transformative effects of online education.
BUSINESS MODELS FOR ONLINE EDUCATION
Authors: Lorenzo George
Published: March 2019

Nine institutions—Colorado State University, Dallas County Community College District (DCCCD), Duquesne University, Georgia Institute of Technology, University of Central Florida, The University of Illinois at Springfield, University of Massachusetts Lowell, University of Michigan, University of Georgia—share information about their business models.
COMMUNITY COLLEGES AND DISTANCE LEARNING
Authors: Ives Kathleen Susan
Published: March 2019

The goal of community colleges is to serve local needs. Community colleges’ low tuition helps keep higher education affordable for a diverse population. Distance learning holds the promise of providing yet another mechanism by which community colleges can bring education to a non-traditional student body. This paper explores the role of distance learning opportunities in community colleges within the context of today’s current environmental scan.
AN ONLINE DISCUSSION FOR SUPPORTING STUDENTS IN PREPARATION FOR A TEST
Authors: Steimberg Y. , Ram J. , Nachmia R. , Eshel A.
Published: March 2019

This research examines classroom-based student participation in online discussion groups while preparing for a test, as well as the relation between the type of participation and student achievement. The online discussion groups were set up towards particular tests in a large-scale course, Introduction to Ecology, during the academic years of 2004 (N=99) and 2005 (N=72). They were intended to be a virtual meeting place for students to exchange information related to a question pool, when no face-to-face meetings with the teachers take place. The results indicate that a high percentage of the students who take the test (85%) participate in the discussion groups. Mixed results were found regarding the relations between the participation in the discussion and achievements. Based on the quantitative data and interviews with students we outline recommendations with regard to the effective use of discussion groups for supporting students in their preparation for tests.
The Economics of ALN: Some Issues
Authors: Arvan Lanny
Published: March 2019

This paper examines the social cost of ALN. This social cost is considered from several vantage points. First, student time is identified as the primary input in instruction. This time investment is not forthcoming automatically - several incentive problems must be resolved to elicit it. The resolution of these incentive problems entails additional cost. Second, the relationship between ALN and economies of scale in instruction is discussed. One channel for increasing returns is the better matching of instructor attributes with the demands of the course. This happens because the matching occurs in a global "market" rather than a market internal to the educational institution. Third, since distance ALN requires no brick and mortar investment, the paper considers how institutional commitment to quality instruction can be had without the brick and mortar. If there are institutional-specific investments associated with learning how to run a distance-ALN program, then institutional reputation is the likely mechanism. Otherwise, the labor market will require external verification, such as having students in ALN degree programs pass a series of standardized exams, to value such an ALN degree.
Writing Across the Curriculum Encounters Asynchronous Learning Networks or WAC Meets Up With ALN
Authors: Hawisher Gail E. , Pemberton Michael A.
Published: March 2019

This paper illustrates some of the problems and successes that the authors encountered while integrating ALN into a writing across the curriculum program and an online writing lab at a large research university. Using transcripts from ALN class discussions, the authors examine students’ networked interactions and analyze the classes’ responses to a variety of online assignments in a class on English composition and pedagogy, a course on electrical and computing engineering, and a class on writing technologies. In so doing, the authors set forth several pedagogical principles which emerged from their experiences with ALN in their individual classes but which also share a number of commonalities with effective WAC practices.
Costs for the Development of a Virtual University
Authors: Turoff Murray
Published: March 2019

This paper is an update of one that the author published in 1982. It deals with the costs and effort required to set up a first class academic program for 2000 students that is made up of students and faculty scattered around the world. The establishment of such a University would cost less than the addition of a single classroom building on a physical college campus (approximately $15 million US).
The Future of the University in an Age of Knowledge
Authors: Duderstadt James J.
Published: March 2019

We have entered an age of knowledge in which educated people and their ideas, facilitated and augmented by rapidly evolving information technology, have become not only key to our social well-being but are driving great change in all social institutions. Although the primary missions of the university ¾ the creation, preservation, integration, transmission, and application of knowledge ¾ are not changing, the particular realization of each of these roles is changingdramatically. So, too, is the nature of the higher education enterprise as it evolves into a global knowledge industry. We discuss the implications of these shifting paradigms for the university and conclude that higher education must evolve rapidly to create a culture of learning for our society, a culture in which educational opportunities become pervasive through the use of information technology.
Two Cheers and a Pint of Worry: An On-Line Course in Political and Social Philosophy
Authors: Heath Eugene F.
Published: March 2019

During the past decade there have been numerous efforts to reinvigorate distance education; some of these have involved video technology, but others have made use of computers and advances in the design of computer software. In 1995, the State University of New York, funded by a major grant from the Sloan Foundation, embarked upon the creation of an "on-line" learning program--a set of asynchronous and distance learning courses delivered solely via computer. In whatfollows, I detail the genesis and structure of a course in political and social philosophy that I designed (and taught) for this project. After some preliminary comments on the "virtual classroom”. I illustrate the design of the course, and then offer a brief qualitative assessment. I close the essay with some cautionary reflections on computer-mediated education. Athough my initial skepticism about such courses has been modified, I still believe that there is something valuable about the direct, face-to-face, encounter of teacher and student that is not easily compensated for in computer-mediated learning.
Understanding the 'Electronic' Student: Analysis of Functional Requirements for Distributed Education
Authors: Carswell Linda , Thomas Pete , Petre Marian , Price Blaine , Richards Mike
Published: March 2019

This paper describes how the Open University, as a large distance education institution, has used the Internet to transform the learning environment for distance students. We review the process involved in understanding the requirements of distance education students and how they can be supported via the Internet. We describe the tools developed in our Internet-based implementation and how they address the needs of geographically remote learners: electronic student registration, electronic assignment handling, electronic tutorial sessions, and electronic examinations. The paper reflects on the impact of this implementation and the gains in using the Internet for global distance learners, realised in flexible study practices and efficient communiqués.
Implementing Computer Mediated Communication in an Undergraduate Course - A Practical Experience
Authors: Graham Mary , Scarborough Helen , Goodwin Christine
Published: March 2019

Computer mediated communication (CMC) is used to foster a collaborative learning environment in a number of courses within the Faculty of Business and Law at Deakin University. This paper examines how this technology has been implemented at the undergraduate level in the School of Economics and some key issues arising from this experience are identified and discussed. Although the practical experience described has been gained from a particular discipline based initiative, the issues raised pertain to all disciplines. The potential provided by integrating technology into the curriculum is exciting, however this paper highlights some of the areas that need consideration when implementing an asynchronous learning network (ALN). No definitive guidelines have been provided, rather the way to maximise educational outcomes will only be found as experience and practical use is extended and shared within the academic community.
Asynchronous Learning Networks for Knowledge Workforce Learning
Authors: Lytle Richard H.
Published: March 2019

Improved workforce learning is imperative for individual knowledge workers, for companies that depend on knowledge workers, and for the U.S. economy. Meeting this need requires innovative, restructured education and training organizations; integrated knowledge drawn from currently isolated sources; and widespread replacement of the traditional classroom with appropriate learning delivery technologies. In this concept paper, a powerful and holistic solution to workforce learning is proposed, called Learning Systems Integration (LSI). While similar to current U.S. corporate and military training as a process, LSI will be significantly different in practice because it will target knowledge workers, integrate knowledge from many sources, and utilize asynchronous technology as an essential component of learning. Thispaper concludes with an assessment of the prospects for improved knowledge workforce learning.
Keeping Online Asynchronous Discussions on Topic
Authors: Beaudin Bart P.
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this research was to identify various techniques recommended and used by online instructors for keeping online learners on topic during asynchronous discussion and to identify what factors affected selection. A thirty-seven item online questionnaire was developed and completed by 135 online instructors subscribing to an international distance education listserv. Thirteen techniques for keeping online asynchronous learners on topic were rated using a sixpoint Likert scale. The results of the study showed that online instructors rated the following as the top four techniques for keeping asynchronous online discussion on topic: 1) Carefully design questions that specifically elicit on-topic discussion, 2) provide guidelines to help online learners prepare on-topic responses, 3) reword the original question when responses are going in the wrong direction and 4) provide discussion summary on a regular basis. Experience, training and differences between what respondents recommended and used to keep online asynchronous discussion on topic produced statistically significant results at the 0.05 level.
Online professional education: A case study of an MBA program through its transition to an online model
Authors: Schrum Lynne , Benson Angela
Published: March 2019

Recently a large corporation joined with a large southeastern university’s College of Business MBA program to create a distance MBA program uniquely suited to the corporation's high level workers’ needs to obtain the degree while they continue working. This corporation invested significantly in the design and development of this tailored program which includes online and face-to-face components. This paper reports on research on the first year of this pilot program from the faculty, administrative, and student perspectives. Conclusions are given and suggestions are made for further research.
Student Satisfaction and Perceived Learning with On-line Courses: Principles and Examples from the SUNY Learning Network
Authors: Fredericksen Eric , Pickett Alexandra , Shea Peter , Pelz William , Swan Karen
Published: March 2019

The State University of New York (SUNY) Learning Network (SLN) is the online instructional program created for the 64 colleges and nearly 400,000 students of SUNY. The foundation of the program is freedom from schedule and location constraints for our faculty and students. The primary goals of the SLN are to bring SUNY's diverse and high-quality instructional programs within the reach of learners everywhere, and to be the best provider of asynchronous instruction for learners in New York State and beyond. We believe that these goals cannot be achieved unless faculty receives appropriate support.This paper will examine factors that have contributed to the high level of faculty satisfaction we have achieved in the SLN. The analysis will be done on several levels. This first section will look at the SLN at a program-wide level and will provide information regarding the systemic implementation of our asynchronous learning environment.The second section examines issues that contribute to on-line teaching satisfaction from a faculty-development and course-design perspective. This section will present the evolution of the four-stage faculty development process and a seven-step course design process that was developed by SLN and comment on lessons learned.The third section presents results from the SLN Faculty Satisfaction Survey conducted in spring 1999. This section examines factors from a quantitative analysis that significantly contributes to faculty satisfaction with online teaching and offers recommendations for course and program design based on these factors.The fourth section examines faculty satisfaction at the level of individual institutions with examples from specific courses. This section will introduce the reader to local implementation of SLN courses at two college programs in the SUNY system: the Department of Educational Theory and Practice at the University at Albany (UA), and the Internet Academy (IA) of Herkimer County Community College (HCCC). These case studies present and examine important evidence of faculty satisfaction from a single-institution and individual-faculty perspective.