bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Effects of the Tibetan Plateau on Cyclonic Transient Eddies: A System-Centered View
Authors: Ren Qiaoling , Hodges Kevin I. , Schiemann Reinhard , Dai Yongjiu , Jiang Xingwen , Yang Song
Published: June 2023

Using an objective feature-tracking algorithm and the fifth major global reanalysis produced by ECMWF data (ERA5), the seasonal behaviors of cyclonic transient eddies (cyclones) at different levels around the Tibetan Plateau (TP) were examined to understand the effects of the TP on cyclones. Results show that the TP tends to change the moving directions of the remote cyclones when they are close to the TP, with only 2% of the 250-hPa eastward-moving cyclones directly passing over the TP. The sudden reductions of their moving speeds and relative vorticity intensities around the TP suggest a suppression effect of the plateau. Over 70% of these cyclones perish over the TP regardless of the altitude. This percentage decreases to around 65% during summertime, exhibiting a weaker summer suppression effect. On the other hand, the TP has a stimulation effect on local cyclones through its dynamic forcing in winter, thermodynamic forcing in summer, and both forcings in the transitional seasons. The numbers of locally generated cyclones, especially at 500 hPa, just above the TP, are significantly larger than those of the remote cyclones during all seasons. Although about one-half of the local cyclones dissipate over the TP, the cyclones moving off the plateau significantly outnumber the moving-in cyclones, with the differences ranging from 0 to 6 cyclones per month. Only the 250-hPa wintertime moving-off cyclones are fewer than the cyclones entering the TP, which may be caused by the weaker stimulation effect and stronger suppression effect of the TP on the wintertime upper-level cyclones.

Significance Statement

Cyclonic transient eddies (cyclones), steered by westerly jet streams, can influence climate and induce extreme weather processes under certain conditions. The Tibetan Plateau (TP), the highest and largest obstacle embedded in the westerly jet streams, suppresses remote cyclones entering the TP region, destroying over 70% of these cyclones. However, because of the excitation effect of the TP on local cyclones, the numbers of cyclones moving off the TP are still larger than or equal to those of the moving-in cyclones, except at the upper levels in winter. This feature suggests that the TP cannot significantly decrease the total cyclone numbers in most cases, but it indeed weakens the mean intensity and moving speed of the cyclones.
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and SGLT-2 Inhibitors in Patients With Versus Without Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Trial Sequential Analysis
Authors: Kilickap Mustafa , Kozluca Volkan , Tan Türkan Seda , Akbulut Koyuncu Irem Muge
Published: June 2023

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1Ra) and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). We assessed whether the effect differs in patients with and without cardiovascular (CV) disease, and rated the certainty of evidence by conducting a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials. Certainty of the evidence (CoE) was rated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation guidelines. The reduction in the risk of MACE was significant for both medications (high CoE), and the effect was similar in patients with and without CV disease (moderate CoE). GLP1Ra and SGLT2i reduced the risk of CV death (with high and moderate CoE, respectively), and the effects were consistent in the subgroups, but with very low CoE. While SGLT2i reduced the risk of fatal or non-fatal MI with a consistent effect in the subgroups, GLP1Ra reduced the risk of fatal or non-fatal stroke (with high CoE). In conclusion, GLP1Ra and SGLT2 inhibitors reduce the MACE to a similar extent in patients with and without CV disease, but have a differential effect on the reduction of fatal or non-fatal MI and stroke.
Effect of Dupilumab on Type 2 Biomarkers in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps: SINUS-52 Study Results
Authors: Bachert Claus , Laidlaw Tanya M. , Cho Seong H. , Mullol Joaquim , Swanson Brian N. , Naimi Souad , Classe Marion , Harel Sivan , Jagerschmidt Alexandre , Laws Elizabeth , Ruddy Marcella , Praestgaard Amy , Amin Nikhil , Mannent Leda P.
Published: June 2023

Objectives:

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), asthma, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-exacerbated respiratory disease (NSAID-ERD) are frequent coexisting conditions and share type 2 inflammatory pathophysiology, with interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 as key cytokines. Dupilumab is a monoclonal antibody that blocks the shared receptor for IL-4 and IL-13. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate dupilumab’s effect on type 2 inflammation biomarkers in patients with CRSwNP with/without coexisting asthma or NSAID-ERD from the SINUS-52 (NCT02898454) study.

Methods:

Patients received treatment with dupilumab or placebo for 52 weeks. Blood and urinary biomarkers were evaluated through 52 weeks, and nasal secretions and mucosa brushings through 24 weeks.

Results:

Of 447 patients, 60% had coexisting asthma and 27% had coexisting NSAID-ERD. At baseline, blood eotaxin-3, eosinophils, and periostin, nasal secretion eotaxin-3, and urinary leukotriene E4 were significantly higher in patients with coexisting NSAID-ERD than without. Dupilumab reduced eotaxin-3, thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, periostin, and total immunoglobulin E in blood, eotaxin-3, periostin, IL-5, and eosinophil cationic protein in nasal secretions, and leukotriene E4 in urine. Reductions were generally similar or greater in the subgroups with asthma and NSAID-ERD than without. Dupilumab also reduced MUC5AC and mast cell counts in nasal mucosa brushings.

Conclusion:

Dupilumab reduced local and systemic type 2 inflammatory biomarkers in patients with CRSwNP, including mast cells in nasal mucosa and cysteinyl leukotrienes in urine. These findings provide insight into the processes driving CRSwNP and the mechanisms of dupilumab’s therapeutic effects.

Clinical Trial Registry Name:

SINUS-52 https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02898454

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:

NCT02898454
Outcomes and Management of Infants Who Refer Newborn Hearing Screening
Authors: Schild Sam D. , Mendelsohn Matthew A. , Plum Ann , Goldstein Nira A.
Published: June 2023

Objectives:

With the implementation of Universal Newborn Hearing Screening, early diagnosis and referral has been expedited. Many patients who refer screening pass subsequent testing with otoacoustic emissions (OAE) or auditory brainstem response (ABR). The objective of our study was to identify the incidence and etiology of hearing loss in infants who refer initial testing in an urban, tertiary care pediatric otolaryngology practice.

Methods:

We performed a chart review of infants who were evaluated after referring newborn hearing screening from 2017 to 2021. Data collected included birth history, hospital screening results, subsequent audiology and otolaryngology visit findings, final hearing diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes.

Results:

Of the 450 patients, 83.8% (n = 377) had normal hearing bilaterally after repeat testing (OAE and/or ABR). Thirty five patients were diagnosed with otitis media with effusion (OME) (7.8%) and 17 patients (3.8%) were diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss. Twenty seven patients (6.0%) were diagnosed with obstructing cerumen/vernix, many times in addition to another diagnosis. Of the 17 patients with sensorineural hearing loss, 2 had genetic syndromes and 2 had congenital cytomegalovirus. Sensorineural hearing loss was significantly associated with the presence of a deafness syndrome ( P = .004) and in-utero infections ( P = .04). About 11 (2.4%) underwent myringotomy with tube placement, 5 (1.1%) were fitted with hearing aids, 2 (0.4%) were referred for hearing aids, 4 (0.9%) had both myringotomy with tube placement and hearing aids, 1 child had a soft band/Bone Anchored Hearing Aid (BAHA) (0.2%), and 1 child (0.2%) had a cochlear implant.

Conclusion:

Our incidence of sensorineural hearing loss was 3.8% (95% CI 2.0, 5.5), compared to rates of 0.44 to 68% in the published literature. Most patients had normal hearing, usually identified after only 1 repeat test. OME requiring myringotomy tube insertion was the most common pathology requiring intervention. Close observation for resolution and intervention, if warranted, is critical to prevent sequelae.
Birth History and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Youth With Significant Obesity
Authors: Hurley Sara K. , Vizthum Diane , Ducharme-Smith Kirstie , Kamath-Rayne Beena D. , Brady Tammy M.
Published: June 2023

Children born prematurely have greater lifetime risk for hypertension. We aimed to determine (1) the association between prematurity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among 90 children with obesity and elevated blood pressure and (2) if dietary sodium intake modified these associations. Multivariable regression analysis explored for associations between prematurity (<37 weeks gestation; early gestational age) and low birth weight (<2.5 kg) with hypertension, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Effect modification by dietary sodium intake was also explored. Patients were predominately male (60%), black (78%), adolescents (13.3 years), and with substantial obesity (body mass index: 36.5 kg/m2). Early gestational age/low birth weight was not an independent predictor for hypertension, LVMI, or LVH. There was no effect modification by sodium load. Our results suggest the increased CVD risk conferred by prematurity is less significant at certain cardiometabolic profiles. Promoting heart-healthy lifestyles to prevent pediatric obesity remains of utmost importance to foster cardiovascular health.
Trauma and Resilience in Adolescents and Young Adults With Opioid Use and Eating Disorders
Authors: McKnight Erin R. , Gardner Spencer M. , Cottrill Andrew C. , Levy Casey B. , Bonny Andrea E.
Published: June 2023

Substance use disorders and feeding and eating disorders (FEDs) often manifest in early adolescence, are difficult to treat, and tend to co-occur. Despite their co-occurrence, little is known about their shared risk factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted to compare standardized measures of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and protective factors among 90 adolescents and young adults seeking outpatient treatment for either opioid use disorder (OUD) or an FED. These were assessed using the Modified Adverse Childhood Experience Survey and Southern Kennebec Healthy Start Resilience Survey. Reported ACEs were high in both groups compared with the national average, and those with OUD were more likely to endorse ≥4 resilience factors. Meanwhile, the prevalence of emotional neglect, household mental illness, and peer victimization/isolation/rejection was similar between groups. Opioid use disorder patients were also less likely to endorse ≥9 resilience factors. Health providers should be mindful to assess for trauma and resiliency in both these populations.
The Long-Term Theft Prediction in Beijing Using Machine Learning Algorithms: Comparison and Interpretation
Authors: Zhang Yanji , Cai Liang , Song Guangwen , Zhu Chunwu
Published: June 2023

To advance the interpretability of machine learning for long-term crime prediction in China, we compared the performance of multiple machine learning algorithms in predicting the spatial pattern of theft in Beijing. Gradient boosting decision tree emerged as the algorithm with best predictive accuracy. After identifying the importance of criminogenic features, we extended the interpreter SHAP to reveal nonlinear and spatially heterogeneous associations between environmental features and theft and we summarized six relation types of such associations at the global scale. At the local scale, we clustered six area types according to the contribution of environmental attributes to theft prediction in each grid. Policy makers should adopt place-based crime prevention measures based on the specific type of each grid belongs to.
Can certification improve the professional competence of Chinese social workers?
Authors: Qin Haibo , Li Yukun
Published: June 2023

The social work certification system in China does not require a professional education in social work and makes compromises for a lack of higher education. This brief statement introduces a study we are currently conducting to analyze the impact of the government-led social work certification system on the professional competence of practitioners. As a ‘level evaluation’ rather than an ‘admission requirement’ qualification exam, social workers without professional backgrounds show significant improvement in their professional competence after obtaining a license. This provides a new perspective for the development of social work in other countries, promoting the rapid development of social work through government-led initiatives and lowering barriers.
Reinforcement of cracked aluminum plates using polymeric composite patches embedded with prestressed SMA wires
Authors: Nejati M , Shokrieh MM , Ghasemi Ghalebahman A
Published: June 2023

Many studies have been performed on composite patches as reinforcement of cracked metal sheets. However, in most previous research, composite patches without prestressing have been used to repair cracks. In the present study, a novel method for repairing cracked aluminum sheets is proposed by using polymer composite patches with embedded prestressed Nitinol shape memory alloy (Ni-Ti SMA) wires. Elastic-plastic finite element analysis of an aluminum plate, with a central crack in the pure mode I and the mixed-mode I/II fracture, repaired with SMA wires reinforced composite patch (SMA-CP) was performed. The peel stress on the adhesive layer between the composite patch and the aluminum plate was calculated to evaluate the performance and efficiency of the repair. The effect of the prestress of the embedded Ni-Ti SMA wires on the efficiency of the composite patch was examined. The results show that embedding prestressed SMA wires in the composite patch reduces the stiffness ratio of the patch. Also, the value of the J-integral and the size of the plastic area compared to the patch without SMA wires were decreased.
Accelerated aging of polymer composite from Pennisetum purpureum fibers with recycled low-density polyethylene
Authors: Grillo Camila Cezar , Saron Clodoaldo
Published: June 2023

The use of natural fibers (NF) as reinforcement in polymer composites have been an interesting option to improve their mechanical properties and to decrease production costs since several crops can produce large amounts of NF with low cost. This is particularly attractive for polymer waste recycling that depends of the production of cheap materials to be economically viable. Elephant grass ( Pennisetum purpureum schum) is a tropical climate plant of fast growth with high potential for production of NF. However, studies on the use of P. purpureum fibers as reinforcement in polymers, mainly for recycled polymers, have been restricted. The aims of this study was to evaluate the action of the P. purpureum fibers on the properties of composites using matrix of low-density polyethylene waste (LDPE-w) as well as to verify the behavior of recycled polymer when submitted to the accelerated photochemical aging using UVA radiation. LDPE-w and LDPE-w composite with P. purpureum fibers (LDPE-composite) were analyzed at different aging times by tensile and impact tests, melt flow rate, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared. It was verified that P. purpureum fibers induce defects in matrix of LDPE-w, decreasing the performance of mechanical properties. Similar effect also occurs when LDPE-w is submitted to the first hours of accelerated aging. On the other hand, effects of stabilization of the degradation on the polymer matrix can be attributed to the P. purpureum fibers at high aging times. Thus, P. purpureum presents high potential for use as reinforcement in recycled thermoplastic waste.
University Knowledge Inside: How and When University–Industry Collaborations Make New Products More Attractive to Consumers
Authors: Maier Lukas , Schreier Martin , Baccarella Christian V. , Voigt Kai-Ingo
Published: June 2023

In this research, the authors examine how consumers perceive the fruits of university–industry collaborations (i.e., new products codeveloped with universities). Eight studies document a positive university effect and highlight its practical significance and boundary conditions. An Instagram A/B test utilizing a video that refers (vs. does not refer) to the underlying university–industry collaboration results in higher click-through rates and ad engagement levels. Another field study demonstrates that university-codeveloped products are more attractive to consumers, even after an actual product trial. Further, several consequential studies reveal that consumers are willing to pay up to 65% more for products marketed as codeveloped with a university. The authors argue and show that collaborating with a university infuses the underlying firm with a stronger sense of scientific legitimacy, thereby making the resulting product more attractive to consumers. Congruously, the authors find that the effect is more pronounced when the scientific legitimacy engendered by universities is more important to the focal product (i.e., high tech vs. low tech), underlying company (i.e., new vs. established), or target customer (i.e., high vs. low belief in science).
The Consequences of Hate Crime Victimization: Considering Prejudicial Attitudes as an Outcome of Interracial Bias-Motivated Conflict
Authors: Lantz Brendan , Malcom Zachary T. , Wenger Marin R.
Published: June 2023

Objectives: While extant research has largely framed prejudicial attitudes as a precursor to hate crime offending, the current research considers the possibility that negative outgroup attitudes may also be an important consequence of hate crime victimization as well. Methods: Using survey data from 3,183 respondents across the United States, this research employs a series of regression models to examine the relationship between hate crime victimization and three different types of prejudicial attitudes: anti-Asian xenophobia, anti-Hispanic xenophobia, and anti-Black prejudice. Results: Results indicate that hate crime victimization is significantly and positively associated with all three prejudicial attitudes, such that those who experienced a hate crime are more likely to report higher levels of anti-Asian xenophobia ( b = .455; p < .001), anti-Hispanic xenophobia ( b = .408; p < .001), and anti-Black prejudice ( b = .360; p < .001). Results also indicate that these patterns are both offender race-specific and stronger for more recent victimization, compared to less recent victimization. Conclusions: When interpreting these results within a pattern matching framework, we argue that they suggest important initial evidence that prejudice may not be just a precursor to hate crime offending, but also a possible consequence of hate crime victimization, thus implying a potentially cyclical relationship between intergroup offending and victimization that should be the subject of future research.
Embryo Selection in the Context of In Vitro Fertilization
Authors: Pugeda Teofilo Giovan S.
Published: June 2023

From the Catholic perspective, in vitro fertilization (IVF) is morally problematic because it artificially separates the procreative and unitive aspects of the conjugal act. Embryo selection (ES) in the context of IVF is an injustice against the resulting embryos because it treats them as commodities and works against their right to life by determining their implantation potential in light of their features. The Church opposes the eugenics mentality underlying ES. Meanwhile, the IVF industry increasingly uses artificial intelligence (AI) for ES. However, doing so could worsen the injustice by deepening the disrespect of human lives under the technocratic paradigm. As such, Catholic bioethicists are encouraged to advocate for the Church's teachings with renewed vigor. In this commentary, we will examine (1) ES in the context of IVF, (2) using AI for ES, (3) the moral implications of using AI for ES, and (4) points for further consideration.

Summary: Using AI for Embryo selection in the context of IVF deepens the disrespect of human lives under the technocratic paradigm.
Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis of Good Death Research from 2001–2021
Authors: Hsieh Ming-Hsuan , Lin Wei-Chih , Yeh Te-Chun , Liu Chia-Jen , Chen Mingchih , Liu Chih-Kuang
Published: June 2023

Quantitative analysis via bibliometric field analyses is a recent, gradually emerging method. We conducted a bibliometric study to investigate the authors’ scientific influence and contributions and evaluate trends and research foci in good death-related literature using the Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection. A total of 1,157 publications were selected for the analysis. There was a significant increase in annual publications per year ( R2 = 0.79). The publication (317, 27.4%) and average citation (29.2) numbers were highest in the USA. Controlling for population number and GDP, the Netherlands had the highest number of articles per million persons (5.89) and US$ 1010 GDP (1.02). North American and Western European countries are leaders in the field, but some East Asian countries (Japan and Taiwan) perform well. Current research focuses on patient perspectives of good death and advance care planning among patients, families, and health care providers.
A Pre-Registered Examination of the Relationship Between Psychopathy, Boredom-Proneness, and University-Level Cheating
Authors: Blais Julie , Fazaa George R. , Mungall Luke R.
Published: June 2023

Academic cheating is a prevalent problem in all educational institutions. Finding solutions for cheating requires an understanding of who is more likely to engage in these behaviors. In this pre-registered study (including an a priori power analysis), we investigated the relationship between the four facets of psychopathy, boredom-proneness, and academic cheating in undergraduate university students ( N = 161) while controlling for demographic factors (age, sex, and socioeconomic status) and attitudes supportive of cheating. Students were asked whether they had cheated in the fall 2021 term (yes/no) and about the different types of cheating behaviors they engaged in. Overall, 57% of students admitted to cheating, with online cheating being the most frequently reported behavior. Participants scoring higher on the antisocial facet of psychopathy and endorsing more positive attitudes towards cheating were more likely to report cheating in fall 2021 and engaged in a higher number of different types of cheating behaviors. Those scoring lower on the affective facet of psychopathy (i.e., more emotional) were also more likely to engage in a higher number of cheating behaviors. Boredom-proneness was correlated to both cheating outcomes in the bivariate analyses, but this effect disappeared once controlling for psychopathy and other known correlates. Understanding the features of students who engage in cheating behaviors allows for a critical examination of the potential effectiveness of anti-cheating policies and the development of more preventative classroom practices.
Modeling of drill string dynamics in directional wells for real-time simulation
Authors: Tengesdal Njål Kjærnes , Fotland Gaute , Holden Christian , Haugen Bjørn
Published: June 2023

Simple and computationally efficient drill string models running real-time describing motion in all axes in directional wells are important for the implementation of closed-loop control and assisted monitoring during drilling operations. This paper proposes a new simplified three-dimensional model based on a parametric curve and lumped-parameter modeling, where Kane’s method is used to establish the equations of motion. Validation of the steady-state motion and convergence for the lumped model in vertical and horizontal alignment was compared with a finite-element model. The configuration and restoring forces show good results compared with finite-element analysis. Hence, the model demonstrate the axial contraction as a function of the body restoring forces being oriented to the inertial frame, inherently producing nonlinear coupled axial tension forces. The qualitative response of the model is confirmed in simulation case studies, being showcased by a deviated J-well configuration. Traveling block velocity and top drive torque are included as actuated inputs to analyze off-bottom friction and contact along the wellbore. The model is proposed to act as a virtual sensor for drilling directional wells.
Amalgamated Masculinities: The Masculine Identity of Contemporary Marginalised Working-Class Young Men
Authors: Gater Richard
Published: June 2023

Recent, UK-based studies have focused on the construction of working-class masculine identity and documented changes and softer displays among young men. This article contributes to this literature and is based on ethnographic research conducted in Wales, UK, and a sample consisting of the most marginalised working-class young men often associated with protest masculinity, homophobia and misogyny. The findings illustrate that although the participants disclose behaviours linked to protest masculinity, they also demonstrate softer masculine displays, including physical tactility, sensitivity, gender-egalitarian views and rejection of homophobia. Although the elements of protest masculinity discount the embodiment of pure inclusive masculinity, the changes in views and behaviours among the subgroup of working-class young men are significant and congruent with other research in this field. The combination of gender practices is conceptualised as ‘amalgamated masculinities’, a fusion of locally constructed protest masculine characteristics and softer masculine attributes adopted through external cultural influence.
Organizational Ecology's Contagion Growth Perspective in the Study of Standalone Charter Schools in New York City
Authors: Gulosino Charisse
Published: June 2023

This study aims to examine standalone charters in terms of organizational ecology's contagion growth that spread across New York City's neighborhoods from 2000 to 2007. Spatial autoregressive models and geographic information systems reveal that the density dependence that occurs from one standalone charter location to its nearby neighborhoods is associated with low commercial property values, renter-occupied housing units, African-American and Hispanic population, school-age children, and income measures. Among nonprofit types, education- and religious-related nonprofits appear to be among the most consistent significant variables. This study suggests that promising directions for future research centered on ecosystems of charter school growth are context-dependent.
Labor Studies: Who and Where? A Global Perspective on the Future of Work(ers)
Authors: Jackson Jason , Meer Ayan
Published: June 2023

This article argues that a global approach to labor studies that takes equal account of labor's Fordist-Keynesian as well as its colonial and anti-colonial histories in the Global North and South would make an important contribution to emerging discourses and debates on the future of work. It contrasts the evolution of workers and work in both developing and advanced industrial economies from the inter-war period onwards, highlighting ways in which political struggles and legal transformations produced distinct labor institutions: ‘good’ union protected jobs for some in the Global North and pervasive informality for most in the Global South. Yet despite these different starting points, the article argues that the emergence of new technologies of production such as artificial intelligence and advanced automation amidst the broader context of neoliberalism is prompting convergence rather than divergence in the trajectories of workers in the developing and industrialized worlds, as mostly clearly seen in the rising casualization of work. The article thus suggests that a truly global approach to labor studies that takes account of the historical and institutional trajectories of work in different contexts would strengthen both the analytic foundations and normative commitments of the discipline as scholars address the anxieties and concerns associated with the future of work.
The Compounding Impact of Racial Microaggressions: The Experiences of African American Students in Predominantly White Institutions
Authors: DeCuir-Gunby Jessica T. , McCoy Whitney N. , Gibson Stephen M.
Published: June 2023

Background/Context:

African American students often encounter racial microaggressions when attending predominantly white institutions (PWIs). Experiencing racial microaggressions can negatively affect African American students’ feelings of belonging to the campus community. Racial microaggressions can also affect their physical and emotional stability.

Purpose of Study:

Using a critical race theory (CRT) framework, we focused on the centrality of race and racism and intersectionality. We examined how experiencing racial microaggressions influenced African American students’ ( n = 15) feelings of belonging at PWIs. In addition, we explored how students emotionally coped with their experiences.

Research Design:

A semi-structured interview was conducted with participants. Using thematic analysis through the process of open coding and axial coding, we developed themes based on students’ experiences with microaggressions, feelings of belonging, and coping strategies. We connected the themes to the larger research literature, focusing on our CRT framework.

Conclusions/Recommendations:

Experiencing racial microaggressions made students feel devalued in the campus community. In addition, racial microaggressions intersected with other forms of oppression, further impacting students’ sense of belonging. These experiences often led students to use maladaptive coping mechanisms; despite this, students were able to create community by using self-protective coping mechanisms, such as creating supportive networks. Racism-related stress caused by racial microaggressions should be considered a public health issue. By exploring racial microaggressions, researchers and policy makers can understand how racism impacts individuals and provide tools on how to challenge racism on systemic levels.
COVID-19 Related Job Outcomes for Nurses of Color in the United States
Authors: Woodward Kyla F. , Willgerodt Mayumi , Walsh Elaine , Johnson Susan , Herting Jerald
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with negative job outcomes for nurses during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on nurses of color. The study used data from 3,782 nurses in the Current Population Survey to examine the relationship between nurse characteristics and COVID-19-related inability to work or look for work during May through December 2020. The analysis showed that race and gender did not significantly impact nurses’ job outcomes. The odds of a negative impact were increased by age (1.5% per year, p < .05), having a child in the home (43%, p < .01), having no spouse present (36%, p < .01), and working in an outpatient role (48%, p < .001). While race alone was not linked to negative outcomes, nurses of color had higher rates of other factors that were associated with negative outcomes, indicating a need for a more nuanced examination of their work and life contexts and job outcomes throughout the pandemic.
Insider Out: Cross-National Differences in Foreign-Born Female Labor Force Participation in the United States, Sweden, and Japan
Authors: Ivory Tristan , Chihaya Guilherme Kenji , Takenoshita Hirohisa
Published: June 2023

This article assesses the impact of household composition and intermarriage on foreign-born women's labor force participation in Japan, Sweden, and the United States. Whereas previous literature on immigrant integration and intermarriage has treated social integration and labor force participation as tightly interlinked phenomena, we use new and previously unavailable data on Japan and the literature on institutional gender inequality to show that, in some cases, social integration through intermarriage might actually result in lower labor force participation for foreign-born women. We argue that the degree of institutional support for immigrants and families directly affects foreign-born women's labor force participation in the anticipated direction for each country. We argue that these cross-national differences are largely an outcome of differences in the degree of institutional support for working women and families within the host society and help clarify instances where social integration might have negative implications for labor force participation. These findings highlight the importance of accounting for both gender and social context when assessing the role intermarriage plays in receiving country immigrant integration.
No increased prevalence of prosopagnosia in aphantasia: Visual recognition deficits are small and not restricted to faces
Authors: Monzel Merlin , Vetterlein Annabel , Hogeterp Svea A. , Reuter Martin
Published: June 2023

Aphantasia and prosopagnosia are both rare conditions with impairments in visual cognition. While prosopagnosia refers to a face recognition deficit, aphantasics exhibit a lack of mental imagery. Current object recognition theories propose an interplay of perception and mental representations, making an association between recognition performance and visual imagery plausible. While the literature assumes a link between aphantasia and prosopagnosia, other impairments in aphantasia have been shown to be rather global. Therefore, we assumed that aphantasics do not solely exhibit impairments in face recognition but rather in general visual recognition performance, probably moderated by stimulus complexity. To test this hypothesis, 65 aphantasics were compared to 55 controls in a face recognition task, the Cambridge Face Memory Test, and a corresponding object recognition task, the Cambridge Car Memory Test. In both tasks, aphantasics performed worse than controls, indicating mild recognition deficits without face-specificity. Additional correlations between imagery vividness and performance in both tasks were found, suggesting that visual imagery influences visual recognition not only in imagery extremes. Stimulus complexity produced the expected moderation effect but only for the whole imagery-spectrum and only with face stimuli. Overall, the results imply that aphantasia is linked to a general but mild deficit in visual recognition.
Social reproduction and public finance: A comparative study of TIF in California and Chicago
Authors: McFadden Keavy , Wright Robin
Published: June 2023

Tax increment financing (TIF) is a mechanism used by municipal governments throughout the United States to fund public and private urban development projects. This paper examines the trajectories of TIF in the state of California and the City of Chicago, where the expansion of TIF as a mechanism for publicly financed development is inextricable from disinvestments in social reproduction and the transformation of public funding for K-12 education. Taking seriously the divergent paths of TIF in each case, we argue that the framework of social reproduction helps expand the scope of TIF as a “policy in place,” bringing into view other path and place-dependent factors that shape the adaptation and implementation of public finance mechanisms. Bridging the literature on urban policy and feminist political economy, we suggest that scholars must investigate the place-specific entanglements of social reproduction and public finance if we are to understand how mechanisms such as TIF are adopted, expanded, or curtailed within the broader framework of neoliberal urban governance. In making such an intervention, we expand on calls to attend to the ways public finance can heighten or mitigate economic inequality.
Determinants of Marxian labor productivity in the Greek economy 1960–2020
Authors: Maniatis Thanasis , Passas Costas
Published: June 2023

This paper discusses productivity growth in the context of the Greek economy. Productivity of labor in the Marxian sense is estimated using the distinction between productive and unproductive labor, and it is compared and contrasted with its mainstream counterpart. Marxian productivity is generally higher in level and exhibits a higher average rate of growth than mainstream productivity. We also estimate econometrically the determinants of productivity growth. Variables stressed in the classical-Marxian approach expressing capital accumulation appear to account for most of the variation in productivity growth. This is in contrast to certain radical approaches and especially the Social Structures of Accumulation school which stress the importance of ‘social’ variables for the explanation of productivity growth. In particular, the negative correlation found here between productivity growth and unemployment rate for Greece contradicts earlier findings in the Social Structures of Accumulation literature which postulate a positive correlation between those variables for countries like Greece and the United States.

JEL classification: E11, E24, J21
Managerial influences on the inclusion of transgender and gender-diverse employees: A critical multi-method study
Authors: Ladwig Robin C
Published: June 2023

This article examined the work experiences of transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) individuals concerning the organisational environment and managerial influence on their workplace inclusion. The qualitative multi-method study design included semi-structured online interviews with TGD workers ( n = 22); followed by an open-ended, photo-elicit questionnaire with organisational leaders and management personnel, including human resource management and career development practitioners ( n = 42), to evaluate their awareness and approach regarding the inclusion of TGD individuals. A critical grounded theory approach was applied to identify numerous enablers and barriers for TGD employees. Further analysis identified three impact areas of managers: building an inclusive organisational infrastructure, fostering a safe psychological environment and supporting diverse impression-fit management. The three managerial areas provide practical recommendations concerning language use, leadership style, work practices and arrangements that should be considered for increasing TGD workplace inclusion.

JEL Classification:

M12, M14
The Evolution of the Four Eras of Urban Planning Education in the United States
Authors: Anacker Katrin B.
Published: June 2023

The evolution of urban planning education in the United States has undergone four eras: First, from the early to mid-twentieth century, professionals from select disciplines and fields collaborated and institutionalized planning education. Second, during the mid-twentieth century, there were tensions between design/physical planning and policy/social sciences, as well as generalist and specialist education. Third, from the mid- to the late-twentieth century, there was institutionalization through recognition and accreditation. Fourth, since the late-twentieth century, planning education has transitioned to studio instruction and internationalization. In an evolving fifth era, triggered by sustainability, planning education is transitioning from interdisciplinarity to transdisciplinarity.
Black History in Adult Education in the United States: A Historical Review and Historiographical Critique
Authors: Bohonos Jeremy William , James-Gallaway Chaddrick , James-Gallaway ArCasia D. , Turner Francena F. L.
Published: June 2023

This article pushes towards the integration of the history of Black Adult Education (AE) into the broader history of AE literature and it contributes a critique of the field's general omissions and misrepresentations of Black history. The purpose of this paper is twofold: (1) to critique the white-dominated history of AE texts and (2) to provide a historiographical essay that highlights works focused on the Black history of AE. In doing so, we offer a historical counternarrative rooted in the secondary historical literature that addresses the history of Black education. Ultimately, this paper critiques historiographical essays focused on AE, situates our discussion within debates on approaches to race in AE, and revisits works of Black AE from within the field as well as key works by educational historians that address issues related to Black AE.
Bacterial cellulose: Biopolymer with novel medical applications
Authors: Jadczak Krzysztof , Ochędzan-Siodłak Wioletta
Published: June 2023

Due to the growing importance of green chemistry, the search for alternatives to cellulose has begun, leading to the rediscovery of bacterial cellulose (BC). The material is produced by Gluconacetobacter and Acetobacter bacteria, mainly Komagataeibacter xylinus. It is a pure biopolymer, without lignin or hemicellulose, forming a three-dimensional mesh, showing much lower organization than its plant counterpart. Thanks to its design, it has proven itself in completely unprecedented applications - especially in the field of biomedical sciences. Coming in countless forms, it has found use in applications such as wound dressings, drug delivery systems, or tissue engineering. The review article focuses on discussing the main structural differences between plant and bacterial cellulose, methods of bacterial cellulose synthesis, and the latest trends in BC applications in biomedical sciences.
Development of adaptive cruising strategy of extended range electric vehicle based on driving behavior
Authors: Ma Chao , Gao Jie , Chen Jianhui , Yang Kun , Tan Di
Published: June 2023

In order to develop an efficient and humanized adaptive cruise control (ACC) system for the extended range electric vehicle (EREV), a driving behavior based novel adaptive cruising strategy is developed using ACC system and EREV co-simulation model. The virtual driving platform is constructed and virtual driving experiments for various drivers are performed to obtain the core characteristics of different driver types. The constant time headway (CTH) safety distance model based on core characteristics and car-following model based on model predictive control (MPC) algorithm are developed to meet expectations of different driver types. An adaptive cruising strategy of ACC system in EREV is developed. Specially, the vehicle drive cost is investigated while the battery life and equivalent fuel consumption are considered. It is seen from the simulation results that the ACC system can meet the requirement of different driver types. Compared with the other three control strategies, the proposed adaptive cruising strategy can effectively reduce the vehicle drive cost.
Decoupling and driving analysis of carbon emissions in China: Evidence from five national-level urban agglomerations
Authors: Wu Jie , Zhao Ruizeng , Sun Jiasen
Published: June 2023

Urban agglomerations are significant contributors of greenhouse gases, and their transition towards low-carbon development will aid in achieving China's carbon neutrality objective. This study provides a decoupling index that assesses the level of separation between economic development and carbon emissions in five national urban agglomerations. In addition, the double fixed-effect STIRPAT and mediation effect models are utilized to test the impact factors and potential mechanisms of carbon emission efficiency (CEE). Results show that urban agglomerations are in a state of weak decoupling, yet achieving strong decoupling poses a challenge. The CEE is significantly varied across different regions and remains inefficient overall. The urban agglomeration with the highest CEE is the Pearl River Delta, with an average of 0.70. Moreover, the industrial structure represents a significant mediating effect in the relationship between economic growth and CEE. Technological innovation, opening up level, foreign direct investment, fiscal intervention and energy intensity negatively impact CEE. Finally, this paper proposes several recommendations.
Smoothed simulated pseudo-maximum likelihood estimation for nonlinear mixed effects models with censored responses
Authors: Song Yue , Wang Rui
Published: June 2023

Nonlinear mixed effects models have been widely applied to analyses of data that arise from biological, agricultural, and environmental sciences. Estimation of and inference on parameters in nonlinear mixed effects models are often based on the specification of a likelihood function. Maximizing this likelihood function can be complicated by the specification of the random effects distribution, especially in the presence of multiple random effects. The implementation of nonlinear mixed effects models can be further complicated by left-censored responses, representing measurements from bioassays where the exact quantification below a certain threshold is not possible. Motivated by the need to characterize the nonlinear human immunodeficiency virus RNA viral load trajectories after the interruption of antiretroviral therapy, we propose a smoothed simulated pseudo-maximum likelihood estimation approach to fit nonlinear mixed effects models in the presence of left-censored observations. We establish the consistency and asymptotic normality of the resulting estimators. We develop testing procedures for the correlation among random effects and for testing the distributional assumptions on random effects against a specific alternative. In contrast to the existing variants of expectation-maximization approaches, the proposed methods offer flexibility in the specification of the random effects distribution and convenience in making inference about higher-order correlation parameters. We evaluate the finite-sample performance of the proposed methods through extensive simulation studies and illustrate them on a combined dataset from six AIDS Clinical Trials Group treatment interruption studies.