bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disjoint Steiner Trees in the Balanced Complete Multipartite Networks
Authors: Li Yinkui , Song Yilin , Wei Liqun
Published: August 2024

The generalized k‐connectivity κk(G) of a graph G, introduced by Hager in 1985, is a natural generalization of the concept of connectivity κ(G), which is just for k = 2. In (Basrah Journal of Science, 37(3) (2019), 430–441), authors discussed the problem of internally disjoint Steiner trees in an equally complete k‐partite network G by determining its generalized 3‐connectivity κ3(G). In this paper, we by determining the exact value of the generalized 4, 5‐(edge)‐connectivity of the balanced complete n‐partite graph to investigate the edge disjoint Steiner trees in the balanced complete n‐partite networks.
Does Induction or Augmentation of Labor Affect the Analgesic Efficacy of Intrathecal Opioids?: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Salmi Lotta , Jernman Riina , Väänänen Antti
Published: August 2024

Background. Induction or augmentation of labor may cause more painful contractions compared to spontaneous labor and pose a challenge to the efficacy of analgesia provided by spinal opioids alone in the early phase of labor. Therefore, we studied the analgesic efficacy and maternal satisfaction during spontaneous and artificially induced or augmented delivery in parturients receiving neuraxial analgesia with intrathecal opioids. Methods. A forty‐parturient cohort that received intrathecal opioid (sufentanil 5 µg or fentanyl 20 µg) by the combined spinal‐epidural method at an early phase of labor (cervical dilatation ≤5 cm) was used for this post hoc study. Maternal satisfaction and pain during contractions were measured on 0–100 visual analog scale at 30 minutes after the initiation of labor analgesia. Obstetric parameters (methods used to advance labor, cervical dilatation, use of oxytocin, effective time of spinal opioids, and labor outcome) were also measured. Results. Of the 40 parturients, 18 had spontaneous labor and 22 had induced or augmented labor (prior cervical dilatation, artificial rupture of membranes, or oxytocin infusion at the time of neuraxial analgesia initiation). Spontaneous labor associated with lower mean pain scores (6.4 (±12.8) vs 29.6 (±30.6) mm, P = 0.005) and higher satisfaction scores (96.9 (±5.3) vs 81.1 (±28.0) mm, P = 0.024) compared to induced or oxytocin augmented labor at 30 minutes after the initiation of analgesia. The parturients were at a similar stage of labor, and their labor progressed at a similar rate. Conclusions. In parturients undergoing nonspontaneous labor, the initiation of labor analgesia by intrathecal opioids alone may not be sufficient for adequate analgesia and either intrathecal or epidural analgesia with a mixture of opioid and local anesthetic should be considered in this population. This trial is registered with NCT02885350.
Cluster Computing‐Aided Open‐Source Programming Framework for Model Updating of Civil Structures
Authors: Zheng Junhao , Wang Darong , Guan Zhongguo , Lin Kaiqi
Published: August 2024

The finite element model updating (FEMU) and structural optimization of high‐fidelity numerical models for large civil structures require significant computational resources and efficient optimization algorithms. However, prior research has predominantly relied on commercial software, which has more restrictions compared to open‐source ones. A cluster computing‐aided programming framework for the FEMU of large civil structures was developed based on the open‐source platforms OpenSees and Python. The high‐performance computing (HPC) cluster was built to connect the cloud/local computing resources. Then, the cluster computing‐aided particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, suitable for scientific computing on HPC cluster, was developed. The software interfaces were programmed to connect OpenSees with HPC cluster to achieve high‐performance FEMU and structural optimization. The advantages of the framework include (1) an open‐source cluster computing platform suitable for FEMU and structural design optimization is developed utilizing dispy; (2) the framework is convenient to use, highly efficient in computation, and is capable of fully utilizing both local and cloud computational resources to improve computational efficiency; and (3) it has strong compatibility and is flexible to be customized for various engineering problems by embedding objective functions. Four examples were used to illustrate the applications of this framework in different fields.
Multiobjective Optimization Method for Energy‐Saving Design of Green Buildings
Authors: Yang Yuanting , Lu Fengxiang , Qing Lan
Published: August 2024

A multiobjective optimization model for energy‐saving design of green buildings is established by considering the two key indicators (energy efficiency and comfort) that are important for the design of green buildings. Using the energy consumption simulation software EnergyPlus to evaluate the fitness value of individuals, a multiobjective evolutionary optimization algorithm based on decomposition is used to optimize the above model. A multiobjective evolutionary optimization algorithm and its execution method are proposed for building energy efficiency, which integrates EnergyPlus. Taking a common multiroom residential building in northern China as an example, a multiobjective optimization is carried out. The results show that compared to classic intelligent optimization design algorithms such as nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA‐II), the proposed method reduces discomfort time by 1.29% while only increasing energy consumption by 0.61%.
Targeted Therapies, Novel Antibodies, and Immunotherapies in Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Clinical Evidence and Drug Approval Patterns
Authors: Koban Marén U. , Hartmann Markus , Amexis Georgios , Franco Pedro , Huggins Laura , Shah Imran , Karachaliou Niki
Published: August 2024

Since 2011, the US FDA has approved 30 new drugs for use in advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), mainly comprising tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors. NSCLC with oncogene driver alterations is amenable to treatment with targeted drugs, usually small-molecule inhibitors. In these cases, the demonstration of high overall response rates, coupled with a lasting duration of response, has allowed for accelerated approval in the United States, based on single-cohort or multicohort trials. Confirmatory clinical evidence was subsequently provided through postmarketing trials. In NSCLC without such driver alterations, regulatory agencies in both the United States and the European Union set clinical evidence expectations that foster the conduct of studies primarily focused on determining survival or event-free survival, based on randomized controlled trial designs. This review analyzes the approval patterns of novel therapeutics for NSCLC with a focus on small-molecule inhibitors that target driver alterations, as well as biologics. The latter include mAbs inhibiting immune checkpoints like PD-(L)1 or cell surface receptors and antibody–drug conjugates, highly potent biologics linked to a cytotoxic compound. The differentiation of NSCLC into oncogene- and non–oncogene-addicted subtypes determines drug development strategies, the extent of the clinical development program, access to orphan drug development incentives, and regulatory approval strategies.
Genomic and Epigenomic Analysis of Plasma Cell-Free DNA Identifies Stemness Features Associated with Worse Survival in Lethal Prostate Cancer
Authors: Chauhan Pradeep S. , Alahi Irfan , Sinha Savar , Ledet Elisa M. , Mueller Ryan , Linford Jessica , Shiang Alexander L. , Webster Jace , Greiner Lilli , Yang Breanna , Ni Gabris , Dang Ha X. , Saha Debanjan , Babbra Ramandeep K. , Feng Wenjia , Harris Peter K. , Qaium Faridi , Duose Dzifa Y. , Alexander Sanchez E. , Sherry Alexander D. , Jaeger Ellen B. , Miller Patrick J. , Caputo Sydney A. , Orme Jacob J. , Lucien Fabrice , Park Sean S. , Tang Chad , Pachynski Russell K. , Sartor Oliver , Maher Christopher A. , Chaudhuri Aadel A.
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) resistant to androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSI) is often lethal. Liquid biopsy biomarkers for this deadly form of disease remain under investigation, and underpinning mechanisms remain ill-understood.

Experimental Design:

We applied targeted cell-free DNA (cfDNA) sequencing to 126 patients with mCRPC from three academic cancer centers and separately performed genome-wide cfDNA methylation sequencing on 43 plasma samples collected prior to the initiation of first-line ARSI treatment. To analyze the genome-wide sequencing data, we performed nucleosome positioning and differential methylated region analysis. We additionally analyzed single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing data from 14 and 80 patients with mCRPC, respectively, to develop and validate a stem-like signature, which we inferred from cfDNA.

Results:

Targeted cfDNA sequencing detected AR/enhancer alterations prior to first-line ARSIs that correlated with significantly worse progression-free survival (P = 0.01; HR = 2.12) and overall survival (P = 0.02; HR = 2.48). Plasma methylome analysis revealed that AR/enhancer lethal mCRPC patients have significantly higher promoter-level hypomethylation than AR/enhancer wild-type mCRPC patients (P < 0.0001). Moreover, gene ontology and CytoTRACE analysis of nucleosomally more accessible transcription factors in cfDNA revealed enrichment for stemness-associated transcription factors in patients with lethal mCRPC. The resulting stemness signature was then validated in a completely held-out cohort of 80 patients with mCRPC profiled by tumor RNA sequencing.

Conclusions:

We analyzed a total of 220 patients with mCRPC, validated the importance of cell-free AR/enhancer alterations as a prognostic biomarker in lethal mCRPC, and showed that the underlying mechanism for lethality involves reprogramming developmental states toward increased stemness.

See related commentary by Nawfal et al., p. 7
CD36+ Proinflammatory Macrophages Interact with ZCCHC12+ Tumor Cells in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Promoting Tumor Progression and Recurrence
Authors: Zhang Xin , Guo Limei , Tian Wenyu , Yang Ying , Yin Yue , Qiu Yaruo , Wang Weixuan , Li Yang , Zhang Guangze , Zhao Xuyang , Wang Guangxi , Lin Zhiqiang , Yang Meng , Zhao Wei , Lu Dan
Published: August 2024

Local recurrence and distal metastasis negatively impact the survival and quality of life in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Therefore, identifying potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for PTC is clinically crucial. In this study, we performed a multiomics analysis that identified a subset of CD36+ proinflammatory macrophages within the tumor microenvironment of PTC. The recruitment of CD36+ macrophages to premalignant regions strongly correlated with unfavorable outcomes in PTC, and the presence of tumor-infiltrating CD36+ macrophages was determined to be a risk factor for recurrence. The CD36+ macrophages exhibited interactions with metabolically active ZCCHC12+ tumor cells. By secreting SPP1, the CD36+ macrophages activated the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, thereby promoting proliferation of the cancer cells. Dysregulation of iodine metabolism was closely related to the acquisition of the pro-inflammatory phenotype in macrophages. Iodine supplementation inhibited the activation of proinflammatory signaling and impeded the development of CD36+ macrophages by enhancing DUSP2 expression. Overall, our findings shed light on the intricate cross-talk between CD36+ macrophages and ZCCHC12+ tumor cells, providing valuable insights for the treatment and prognosis of PTC.
Etiologic Diagnosis of Genetic Hearing Loss in an Ethnically Diverse Deafness Cohort
Authors: Yan Denise , Nawab Aria , Smeal Molly , Liu Xue-Zhong
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Hearing loss is a common sensory disorder that impacts patients across the lifespan. Many genetic variants have been identified that contribute to non-syndromic hearing loss. Yet, genetic testing is not routinely administered when hearing loss is diagnosed, particularly in adults. In this study, genetic testing was completed in patients with known hearing loss. Methods: A total of 104 patients who were evaluated for hearing loss were enrolled and received genetic testing. Results: Of those 104 patients, 39 had available genetic testing, 20 had one missing allele, and 45 yielded no genetic diagnosis. Of the 39 cases with genetic testing data, 24 were simplex cases, and 15 were multiplex cases. A majority of patients presented with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern (n = 32), 26 of whom presented with congenital hearing loss. 38% of cases were positive for GJB2 mutation with c.35delG being the most common pathogenic variant. These findings are consistent with previous literature suggesting GJB2 mutations are the most common causes of non-syndromic hearing loss. Conclusion: Given the frequency of genetic variants in patients with hearing loss, genetic testing should be considered a routine part of the hearing loss work-up, particularly as gene therapies are studied and become more widely available. Lay Summary: Many genetic variants have been identified that contribute to non-syndromic hearing loss. Given the frequency of genetic variants in patients with hearing loss, genetic testing should be considered a routine part of the hearing loss work-up.
Active Inference and Reinforcement Learning: A Unified Inference on Continuous State and Action Spaces Under Partial Observability
Authors: Malekzadeh Parvin , Plataniotis Konstantinos N.
Published: August 2024

Reinforcement learning (RL) has garnered significant attention for developing decision-making agents that aim to maximize rewards, specified by an external supervisor, within fully observable environments. However, many real-world problems involve partial or noisy observations, where agents cannot access complete and accurate information about the environment. These problems are commonly formulated as partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs). Previous studies have tackled RL in POMDPs by either incorporating the memory of past actions and observations or by inferring the true state of the environment from observed data. Nevertheless, aggregating observations and actions over time becomes impractical in problems with large decision-making time horizons and high-dimensional spaces. Furthermore, inference-based RL approaches often require many environmental samples to perform well, as they focus solely on reward maximization and neglect uncertainty in the inferred state. Active inference (AIF) is a framework naturally formulated in POMDPs and directs agents to select actions by minimizing a function called expected free energy (EFE). This supplies reward-maximizing (or exploitative) behavior, as in RL, with information-seeking (or exploratory) behavior. Despite this exploratory behavior of AIF, its use is limited to problems with small time horizons and discrete spaces due to the computational challenges associated with EFE. In this article, we propose a unified principle that establishes a theoretical connection between AIF and RL, enabling seamless integration of these two approaches and overcoming their limitations in continuous space POMDP settings. We substantiate our findings with rigorous theoretical analysis, providing novel perspectives for using AIF in designing and implementing artificial agents. Experimental results demonstrate the superior learning capabilities of our method compared to other alternative RL approaches in solving partially observable tasks with continuous spaces. Notably, our approach harnesses information-seeking exploration, enabling it to effectively solve reward-free problems and rendering explicit task reward design by an external supervisor optional.
Spiking Neural Network Pressure Sensor
Authors: Markiewicz Michał , Brzozowski Ireneusz , Janusz Szymon
Published: August 2024

Von Neumann architecture requires information to be encoded as numerical values. For that reason, artificial neural networks running on computers require the data coming from sensors to be discretized. Other network architectures that more closely mimic biological neural networks (e.g., spiking neural networks) can be simulated on von Neumann architecture, but more important, they can also be executed on dedicated electrical circuits having orders of magnitude less power consumption. Unfortunately, input signal conditioning and encoding are usually not supported by such circuits, so a separate module consisting of an analog-to-digital converter, encoder, and transmitter is required. The aim of this article is to propose a sensor architecture, the output signal of which can be directly connected to the input of a spiking neural network. We demonstrate that the output signal is a valid spike source for the Izhikevich model neurons, ensuring the proper operation of a number of neurocomputational features. The advantages are clear: much lower power consumption, smaller area, and a less complex electronic circuit. The main disadvantage is that sensor characteristics somehow limit the parameters of applicable spiking neurons. The proposed architecture is illustrated by a case study involving a capacitive pressure sensor circuit, which is compatible with most of the neurocomputational properties of the Izhikevich neuron model. The sensor itself is characterized by very low power consumption: it draws only 3.49 μA at 3.3 V.
A Historiographical Survey of Sinophone Research into Mediterranean-East Asian Maritime Trade (1st–8th Centuries CE)
Authors: Han Xuefei , Darley Rebecca
Published: August 2024

This article presents an overview of Chinese-language historiography concerning ancient maritime trade between the Mediterranean and East Asia. It examines the impact of institutional structures, political context and wider questions within the Chinese research environment, revealing inter-disciplinary intersections and recent trends, including towards the intensive study of numismatic evidence and the centring of the (maritime) Silk Road as the focal point of a growing research community. This article aims to enable future research collaboration, in a contemporary context in which scholars working in China are often more aware of key debates in western scholarship than vice versa.
Remoulding Coroner’s Inquests in Hong Kong through the Right to Life
Authors: Wan Trevor T. W.
Published: August 2024

The burgeoning social significance borne by death inquests in Hong Kong has ushered in a string of judicial decisions that seeks to remould the interpretation and operation of provisions in the Coroners Ordinance. This article subjects attempts to marshal the right to life as an interpretive conduit to remould these provisions to scrutiny, focusing on its impact on the remit of inquests and the Court of First Instance’s power to override the Coroner’s refusal to hold one which ought to be held. It contends that such interpretive endeavours are unlikely to yield practical dividends, emerge effective, sustainable or consequential in the long run, or prove defensible on doctrinal grounds. The principal reason lies in the fact that local jurisprudence on the right to life remains thin and underdeveloped, such that it lacks the necessary doctrinal and jurisprudential arsenal to sustain such judicial efforts and furnish principled guidance to the courts on how to arm the remoulded law with real bite.
Codex Climaci Rescriptus I
Authors: Phillips Kim
Published: August 2024

This article presents a fresh transcription of Codex Climaci Rescriptus I, a Christian Palestinian Aramaic manuscript from the Early Period (ca. 6th century), containing parts of Matthew’s Gospel and Mark’s Gospel. The transcription has been made from high resolution multi-spectral images. In addition, an extended introduction examines the codicology of the manuscript and its paratextual features.
Free Indirect Discourse in Neo-Aramaic Narrative Folktales
Authors: Cohen Eran
Published: August 2024

Free indirect discourse (FID) is a literary, or narrative device which allows access to the thoughts and feelings of a protagonist, from his or her own perspective. FID is formally viewed as lying on the scale between indirect discourse (ID) and direct discourse (DD). It is non-embedded, consisting of a blend of features, few intrinsic to ID, while the rest are associated with DD. The paper aims to discuss the nature of the FID phenomenon in North Eastern Neo-Aramaic, based on folktales told in the Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Zakho, while paying close attention to the wider context, and more specifically, to the discourse type surrounding FID.
The BRICS Plus Challenge and Emerging Hierarchical Multilateralism
Authors: Ng Joel
Published: August 2024

The expansion of “BRICS Plus” indicates a more explicitly hierarchical world order. The putative equality of nation-states enshrined through the UN General Assembly’s one state–one vote formula is increasingly being eroded by neglect or through the emergence of unequal multilateral formats where rising powers have accorded themselves greater primacy in the new structures because of failures to gain greater shares of power or responsibility in global institutions. However, a more explicitly power-based order that dispenses with putative sovereign equality will be more unstable as the primary power-sorting mechanism will tend toward conflict. This article therefore calls for urgent reform for sustaining the multilateral rules-based order underpinned by the United Nations.
Present Climate and Future Changes in the Annual Cycle of TC Activity in the WNP Investigated by HighResMIP GCMs
Authors: Chen Kuan-Chieh , Hong Chi-Cherng , Tsou Chih-Hua , Wu Ding-Rong
Published: August 2024

Atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) and coupled general circulation models (CGCMs) in the High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP) were evaluated on their ability to simulate tropical cyclone (TC) activity in the western North Pacific (WNP) over its annual cycle. Specifically, we examined these models’ ability to simulate the south–north migration of the mean TC genesis location. The results revealed that both types of models realistically captured TC numbers and the south–north migration of TC genesis locations associated with the meridional migration of the WNP subtropical high ridge in response to the annual cycle. However, TC numbers decreased less rapidly in the AGCMs than in both the CGCMs and observed data during the monsoon retreat period (after September). This bias was probably attributed to a low-tropospheric cyclonic anomaly over the Philippine Sea in response to La Niña–like sea surface temperature (SST) differences between the AGCMs and the CGCMs. Because of these differences, the TC genesis frequency in the AGCMs over the Philippine Sea was overestimated. The cyclonic anomaly occurred when the northeasterly trade wind arose and was maintained through wind–evaporation–SST feedback. In future climate (2021–50), the main changes occurred during the monsoon retreat period. A more rapid decrease in TC numbers shown in AGCMs was likely attributed to the decrease (increase) of low-level vorticity (vertical wind shear) modulated by enhanced WNP subtropical high and subsidence anomalies. Conversely, a cyclonic circulation and ascending anomalies projected by CGCMs were identified off-equator, which favored TC genesis location shifting northward.

Significance Statement

Model performance and future changes in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone (TC) activity in the western North Pacific are investigated. We found that high-resolution uncoupled and coupled models realistically captured the TC numbers and meridional migration of TC genesis locations associated with the meridional migration of subtropical high ridge. However, TC numbers decreased more gradually in the uncoupled models than in the coupled models after September. This lower skill may stem from differences between the uncoupled and coupled models in simulating a cyclonic anomaly over the Philippine Sea in response to the La Niña–like sea surface temperature difference. In future climate (2021–50), TC numbers are significantly projected to decrease more rapidly during the monsoon retreat period in uncoupled models.
HLA and Nasal Polyposis Susceptibility: A Meta-analysis of Worldwide Studies
Authors: Witcher Ryan , Anur Sugosh M. , Thibaut Dylan , Venturino Luciano , Grube Jordon G.
Published: August 2024

Objectives:

Nasal polyposis (NP) is a common and recurrent condition of the sinonasal cavity which has significant impact on patients’ quality of life. NP pathophysiology involves a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. Several studies have explored the association between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles and NP, but the results have been conflicting. The aim of this meta-analysis is to investigate the association between HLA class II alleles, specifically HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, and HLA-DRB1and NP risk.

Methods:

A systematic review was conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library, to identify studies investigating the association between HLA class II alleles and NP. Eligible studies were identified by specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association between HLA class II alleles and NP risk. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled OR and corresponding 95% CI, and a study required a heterogeneity assessment value I2 < 25% to be considered for analysis.

Study design:

Meta-analysis.

Results:

A total of four studies were included in this meta-analysis, involving a total of 258 NP alleles and 802 control alleles. The analysis indicated that DQA1*0201 (OR = 3.08, 95% CI [1.70, 5.59]) and DRB1*7 (OR = 2.04, 95% CI [1.14, 3.66]) were significantly associated with increased risk of NP. The analysis of the NP risk alleles DQA1*0201 and DRB1*7 had an I2 < 0% representing low heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis with LFK indices showed minor asymmetry in either allele.

Conclusions:

This meta-analysis provides evidence that the HLA-DQA1*0201 and HLA-DRB1*7 alleles are risk factors for the development of NP. These findings could contribute to a better understanding of the genetic predisposition of NP and may have implications for the development of novel approaches for the prevention and treatment of this condition.
Synthesis of polymeric microcapsules filled with castor oil to enhance tribological properties in epoxy resin
Authors: Fernandes Mariza , Souza Juliana , Santos Ana Leticia , Medeiros Pamella , Bomio Mauricio , Costa Maria
Published: August 2024

The addition of microcapsules (MCs) to a polymer matrix has been gaining attention because it facilitates the attainment of composite materials with better mechanical, chemical and functional properties that enhance its tribological properties. In this work, poly (urea formaldehyde) (PUF) microcapsules filled with castor oil were synthesized using an in situ polymerization method and then added to the epoxy matrix at mass percentages of 2.5%, 5% and 10%. Spherical microcapsules were obtained with the desired composition, confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The surface of the composites was analyzed using the roughness parameters Ra, Rq, Rz, Rsk and Rku. The preliminary tribological properties were evaluated using tests with a pin-on-disk configuration. After the tribological tests, the wear track was characterized using SEM images. There was a reduction of approximately 50% in the coefficient of friction of the composites studied and the specimen with 2.5% microcapsules had the best self-lubricating performance, considering the characterizations of roughness and track sinking.
Speaking Truth to a Foreign Power: Anti-Bolshevism and Truth in the Early Cold War, 1945–53
Authors: Vessey David
Published: August 2024

Analysis of the periodical press allows historians to further their understanding of the turn against the Soviet Union in the West after the Second World War, and delineate how anti-Bolshevism was constructed to repudiate wartime partnership between 1941 and 1945. Right-wing periodicals such as Truth were active proponents of opposition towards Communism in early Cold War Britain, articulating concerns about the perversion of democratic values and the threat to liberal societies. The nature of Truth's anti-Bolshevism was reactionary but also reflective, highlighting unease on the Right around the postwar consensus, Labour's domestic programme of state intervention in the planning and management of economic activity, and the general eclipse in Britain's international standing. Truth's attempts to conflate the Communist threat with Labour's democratic socialism also frame the paper as an embryonic staging point in a wider chronology of neo-liberal challenges to the postwar political order. Anti-Bolshevism was therefore multifaceted and could speak to many different constituencies and agendas beyond a commentary on the actual basis of Soviet rule, Communist subversion, and the polarization of postwar Europe.
The Absence of Funeral Rites as a Risk Factor for the French Bereaved Population
Authors: Sani Livia , Cape Chad , Merheb José , Poulin Nicolas , Lassagne Boris , Canet Géraldine , Lallemant Maxime , Cherblanc Jacques , De Vincenzo Ciro , Testoni Ines , Canellopoulos Lissy , Kaufmann Nicholas T. , Bacqué Marie-Frédérique
Published: August 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, stringent measures were imposed in numerous countries, including France. These measures significantly disrupted societal practices, particularly mourning and funeral rituals. This study, conducted between June and September 2021 as part of the COVIDEUIL-France research, involved 242 participants, predominantly female (84%) with an average age of 49.64 years. The research aimed to investigate the consequences of the absence of funeral rituals and the adoption of personalized, domestic, and digital alternatives. Using online surveys and psychological tools, including the Traumatic Grief Inventory Self Report Version (TGI-SR), General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), and Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), the study found a significant correlation between the lack of traditional practices and grief complications. Despite 21.81% of participants compensating with personal commemorations, digital commemorations were underutilized, raising questions about their effectiveness. The study provides crucial insights, emphasizing the need to address the psychological effects of disrupted mourning practices in France.
Less is Better than More: Anthropomorphic App Icons With Small versus Large Tilt Angles Were Perceived as More Vivid
Authors: Zhang Yuanjun , Wang Fei , Liu Hongyan , Hu Zhiguo
Published: August 2024

In this study, we explored the impact of tilted designs of anthropomorphic app icons on users’ perceptions of icon vividness across three experiments. In Experiment 1, tilting with an angle of 45° to the left increased perceived icon vividness. In Experiment 2, sequential icon tilt angles at 30° intervals manipulation showed that small tilt angles (e.g., 30° to the left or right) enhanced participant perceptions of dynamism and vividness, and participants perceived greater vividness in anthropomorphic app icons with slight tilting, driven by this increased dynamism. In Experiment 3, we excluded the effect of the completeness of icons on these participants’ evaluations and affirmed that slightly tilting designs was an effective visual strategy for improving perceived vividness to attract users.
Why South Africa needs cognitive neuroscientists
Authors: Cockcroft Kate
Published: August 2024

Despite a long-standing and growing popularity in the minority world (wealthier regions that represent a small percentage of the world population), cognitive neuroscience has been slow to attract South African researchers and practitioners. This brief commentary reflects on why South Africa needs its own cognitive neuroscientists. Prevailing theories and constructs in the field are developed from minority world populations and are taken unquestioningly to reflect the neurocognition of all humanity. A significant potential contribution by local cognitive neuroscientists would be to challenge and critique these theories and constructs underlying neurocognition. Without representation from majority world contexts (developing nations whose populations form a significant demographic majority in the world), like South Africa, cognitive neuroscience will continue to be biased and its findings ungeneralizable. In addition, the contribution of South African cognitive neuroscientists extends beyond the conceptual. Currently, those working in the field have made some noteworthy contributions that have made a material difference in the lives of South Africans. Selected examples of these are provided. The future research agenda for the field promises increased integration of contributions from artificial intelligence (AI), psychometrics, bioinformatics, and genetics, as well as collaborative and open sharing of data. It is vital that South African cognitive neuroscientists keep pace with these developments.
Command filter–based fixed-time fault estimation and compensation control for nonlinear systems with prescribed performance
Authors: Lu Yuan , Meng Bo , Jin Xuan
Published: August 2024

For the uncertain nonlinear systems with prescribed performance, the command filter–based fixed-time fault estimation and compensation control strategy is investigated in this study. The radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) are utilized to approximate the uncertain nonlinear terms. Simultaneously, the composite disturbance observer is established to quickly estimate external disturbances, approximation errors, and additive actuation fault. Moreover, the actuation effectiveness of the actuator is quickly estimated online by constructing the cubic absolute-value Lyapunov function. Therefore, based on the fast estimation of the actuator fault parameters, the fixed-time fault-tolerant control method is proposed by adopting the command filter backstepping technology and prescribed performance function, which can compensate for the adverse effect of actuator fault and keep the tracking error stable in a short time interval. Finally, a simulation example is given to prove the performance of the designed controller.
Longing for the Past: The Dual Effects of Daily Nostalgia on Employee Performance
Authors: Methot Jessica R. , Rockmann Kevin W. , Rosado-Solomon Emily H.
Published: August 2024

Employees’ daily routines (e.g., commutes, lunch breaks, conversations with coworkers or family members) are vital rituals that create order and meaning. However, employees frequently experience changes to how their work and nonwork lives operate, which can generate discontinuity and spark nostalgia—a sentimental longing for the past. In this study, we draw from theory on the dual nature of emotional ambivalence and the literature on emotion regulation to explore countervailing effects of daily nostalgia on employee performance. In a sample of employed adults recruited from a northeastern U.S. university’s alumni database and LinkedIn ( n = 109), we used an experience sampling method to capture within-individual variation in nostalgia over 3 weeks. Results of multilevel path analysis showed, on one hand, nostalgia was positively associated with employees’ cognitive change strategies (e.g., reappraising one’s situation), which translated into heightened organizational citizenship behaviors; on the other hand, nostalgia was also positively associated with employees’ attentional deployment strategies (e.g., distraction), which reduced daily task performance and increased daily counterproductive work behaviors. Unexpectedly, results showed higher trait-level future temporal focus exacerbated the positive effect of nostalgia on attentional deployment. Our results suggest nostalgia embodies a complex mix of emotions that impact individuals’ response strategies and, ultimately, performance.
Prescriptive Theology for the Local Church: Tite Tiénou's Hermeneutical Contributions to African Evangelical Theology
Authors: van Veelen Wouter
Published: August 2024

This article analyses the hermeneutical contributions of Tite Tiénou, a leading figure in African evangelicalism. In the academic literature, African evangelical theology has often been characterised as a ‘biblicist’ form of theologising that does not account for the hermeneutical questions that arise from the encounter between the Christian message and African contexts. This negative perception seems to be based on the radical line of Byang Kato, the first African General Secretary of the Association of Evangelicals in Africa. This article argues that Tiénou, in his hermeneutical works, endeavours to develop what he calls a “third way” between academic and popular theologies. This third way honours Kato's theological legacy, yet moves beyond it to seriously addresses the challenges raised by African inculturation theologians. Characteristic of Tiénou's contribution is that he foregrounds the local Christian community, as both the source and the addressee of theology.
Loading path relevance of {101¯2} tensile twins in AZ31 magnesium alloy
Authors: Liu Weidi , Zhou Le , Mao Pingli , Wang Zhi , Wei Ziqi , Wang Feng , Liu Zheng
Published: August 2024

This article investigates the correlation between {10[Formula: see text]2} tensile twins and loading paths in extruded AZ31 magnesium alloy. By compressing along the extruded direction (ED) (perpendicular to the grain c-axis direction) and tension along the extruded radial direction (ERD) (parallel to the grain c-axis direction) to generate {10[Formula: see text]2} tensile twins. Observing the evolution of twins characteristics in two loading paths, and each path was chosen on three strains to detect by the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technology. The results show that by compressing along ED, there is significant better mechanical properties, but has better ductility in tension along ERD. The feature of twins number, twins area, twins nucleation and growth preferences within the sample are disparity. The process of {10[Formula: see text]2} twins nucleation and growth during tension, which was shown that twins tend to nucleate at low orientation angle grain boundaries and grow towards them. The number and area of twins are related to the effective interaction area between the force axis and the grain during loading, resulting in a ratio of 4:1 difference in the twins area inside the tensile sample compared to the same strain under compression conditions.
Enhanced abrasion resistance of laser cladding Fe-based coatings by addition of MgAl2O4 particles
Authors: Li Liangxun , Sang Shaobai , Zhu Tianbin , Li Yawei , Wang Heng
Published: August 2024

In this study, MgAl2O4 particles were introduced into Fe-based laser cladding coatings on the surface of the GCr15 steel roller, and the effects of MgAl2O4 content on the phase composition, microstructure, hardness and abrasion resistance of Fe-based coating were systematically investigated. The results showed that the well-bonded Fe-based coatings with the addition of MgAl2O4 particles were successfully prepared by laser cladding. The addition of MgAl2O4 particles promoted the formation of other hard-reinforced phases, such as Fe3Al and (Fe, Cr)7C3, playing an important role in grain refinement. Compared with the Fe-based coating, the hardness and abrasion resistance of Fe-based coatings with 30 wt% MgAl2O4 were evidently enhanced, which is attributed to the more hard-reinforced phase's dispersion strengthening and grain refinement.
In vitro corrosion behavior of PTFE coating on AZ31 by RF magnetron sputtering for biomedical application
Authors: Guo Guizhong , Hou Shusen , Wang Zhankui , Zuo Dunwen
Published: August 2024

Surface coatings are widely used for improving the biocompatibility or corrosion resistance of Mg alloy implant materials. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coating with about 100 nm thickness was prepared on AZ31 alloy substrate by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The coating was characterized via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, contact angle goniometer, atomic force microscope and white light interferometer. The corrosion behavior of PTFE coating were analyzed by electrochemical and immersion measurements in SBF. The results showed that PTFE coating with dense and flat surface can be formed on AZ31 alloy substrate by sputtering a PTFE target directly at room temperature. The corrosion current density declined from 1.92 × 10−4 A/cm2 (bare AZ31 alloy) to 1.07 × 10−8 A/cm2 (sample with PTFE coating), and the 7 days immersion tests revealed a complete surface morphology and very slight variation in pH value of the SBF, suggesting a significant increase in corrosion resistance. High viability rate of endothelial cells of the PTFE coated AZ31 proved the good biocompatibility. These results manifest that the PTFE is a protective coating on magnesium alloys for implants application.
Establishment of cerebral perfusion in a rat model with extracorporeal life support
Authors: Wu Yawen , Li Mingming , Zhai Kerong , Wei Shilin , Li Zhenzhen , Wu Xiangyang , Ying Junjie , Mu Dezhi , Ge Zhaoming , Li Yongnan
Published: August 2024

Background: Extracorporeal life support echniques as an Adjunct to Advanced Cardiac Life Support is usually suitable for complex heart surgery such as cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Cerebral perfusion is a clinically feasible neuroprotective strategy; however, the lack of a reliable small animal model.

Methods: Based on the rat model of ECLS we evaluate the effects of ECLS-CP using HE staining, Nissl staining, TUNEL staining and ELISA.

Result: We found that ECLS combined with the cerebral perfusion model did not cause brain injury and immune inflammation. There was no difference between the two by a left carotid artery or right carotid artery CP.

Conclusion: These experimental results can provide the experimental basis for selecting blood vessels for ECLS patients and clinical CP to offers a trustworthy animal model for future exploration of applying brain perfusion strategies during ECLS-CP.
Predictors and outcomes associated with right ventricular function in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome treated with Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Melamed Roman , Block Jason , Martins Summer L , Bullard Daniel , Levinstein Leeore , Phillips Angela , Saavedra Ramiro
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Right ventricular dysfunction is associated with mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) but information in veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) settings is limited. Study objectives were to examine factors associated with right ventricular (RV) systolic dysfunction (RVSD) and RV dilation in ECMO patients with ARDS, to compare outcomes in those with and without RVSD and RV dilation defined by qualitative and quantitative parameters, and to describe RVSD evolution during ECMO.

Methods

Retrospective observational study of adult ARDS patients supported with ECMO at a tertiary care hospital.

Results

Of a total of 62 patients, 56% had RVSD and 61% had RV dilation by qualitative assessment. Male gender, COVID-19, hypercarbia, and pneumothorax were associated with RVSD and RV dilation. In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in patients with RV dilation vs. no dilation (42% vs. 17%, p = .05) but comparisons for patients with and without RVSD (37% vs. 26%, respectively) did not reach statistical significance. Findings were similar when RV size and function were quantified by right to left ventricle end-diastolic area ratio and fractional area change (39% vs. 21% and 36% vs. 20% respectively; p = NS). Of 39 patients with multiple echocardiograms, 9 of 18 with initially normal RV function developed RVSD while RV function normalized in 10 of 21 patients who began ECMO with RVSD.

Conclusions

Study results suggest an association of RV dilation and RVSD with worse outcomes and a dynamic nature of RV function necessitating close monitoring during the ECMO course.
Efficacy of botulinum toxin injection using the right-sided unilateral retrocrural approach for celiac plexus in a cancer survivor with persistent abdominal pain: a case report
Authors: Yu Je Hyuk , Lee Hong Na , Kim Jeongsoo
Published: August 2024

Cancer survivors often face persistent abdominal pain, necessitating optimal pain management. While celiac plexus block (CPB) and botulinum toxin (BT) injection are viable options, traditional methods may encounter challenges due to patient-specific concerns and anatomical complexities. Here, the case of a cancer survivor in his 70 s experiencing recurrent abdominal pain, who declined conventional percutaneous CPB approaches due to anxiety related to aortic puncture, is presented. Following a pancreaticoduodenectomy, the patient developed chronic abdominal pain attributed to adhesions leading to small bowel obstruction. Concurrently, there was notable psychological distress, including anxiety, depression, and heightened concerns regarding tumor recurrence. Considering the patient’s specific concerns, a right-sided unilateral retrocrural single-needle technique was proposed, aimed at alleviating pain, while avoiding conventional CPB approaches. Initial right-sided retrocrural CPB offered short-term relief, prompting a subsequent BT injection using the same approach. Following BT injection, the patient reported significant and sustained pain reduction (from 8 to 1 on an 11-point numerical rating scale) at both 12 and 20 weeks post-procedure. Right-sided retrocrural BT injection offers an alternative approach, addressing patient concerns and demonstrating prolonged pain relief. This may benefit cancer survivors with upper abdominal pain, emphasizing the importance of personalized and innovative pain management strategies.
Clinical features of a novel compound heterozygous genotype of the BBS2 gene: a case report
Authors: Li Mojiang , Li Yingshu , Wen Ting , Zhou Haiyan , Xie Wanqin
Published: August 2024

Bardet–Biedl syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder with heterogenous clinical manifestations. The present study reports the clinical features of a novel compound heterozygous genotype of the BBS2 gene in a 14-year-old girl and her 6-year-old sister who had complaints of early-onset low vision. Fundus images revealed retinitis pigmentosa-like changes, and full-field electroretinograms showed no amplitude for the rod or cone response in both patients. Interestingly, nystagmus was observed in the older sister. On physical examination, the sisters had moderate obesity without polydactyly, hypogonadism, or intellectual disability. Exome sequencing revealed a novel compound heterozygous genotype of BBS2 in the sisters, namely the paternally inherited NM_031885.5:c.534 + 1G > T variant and the maternally inherited NM_031885.5:c.700C > T (p.Arg234Ter) variant. Both variants were classified as pathogenic according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. This study provides useful information on the genotype-phenotype relationships of the BBS2 gene for genetic counseling and diagnosis.