bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The path to condensates—19th Wiley Prize in Biomedical Sciences laureates share their discovery stories
Authors: Brangwynne Clifford , Hyman Anthony A. , Rosen Michael K.
Published: October 2022

Preface by Prof. Titia de Lange, Laboratory for Cell Biology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA

The 19th Annual Wiley Prize in Biomedical Sciences celebrated a breakthrough in cell biology: how membrane‐less cellular compartments are formed. The existence of membrane‐less organelles, often called bodies or puncta, has been known for a long time, but what exactly they represented and how they were formed was not known. This problem was solved by a physicist, Clifford Brangwynne, a cell biologist, Anthony Hyman, and a chemist, Michael Rosen. Each, synergistically, made groundbreaking contributions to the discovery that membrane‐less organelles are liquid–liquid phase‐separated entities. The two independent discoveries leading to the principle that multivalent low‐affinity interactions between selected sets of macromolecules, some containing intrinsically disordered regions, formed a molecular condensate with unique dynamic properties, gave birth to the large, blossoming field of biomolecular condensates. The implications of those findings have influenced almost all further research of intracellular processes, including RAS signaling, immune synapses, DNA repair, transcriptional activation, and the functions of nuclear pores, the nucleolus and centrosomes. In this perspective article, the laureates of the award take us on their personal and professional trip that led to their scientific discoveries. Their stories are a celebration of the interdisciplinary essence of Natural Sciences and the potential unlocked when scientists from different fields work together to solve mysteries.
Addressing insurance‐related barriers to novel antiobesity medications: Lessons to be learned from bariatric surgery
Authors: Gasoyan Hamlet , Sarwer David B.
Published: October 2022

The past decade has witnessed significant progress in the development of new antiobesity medications, with several having greater efficacy than pharmacological agents previously approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Despite the potential of new medications to combat America's obesity crisis, access to these agents is severely limited. This Perspective presents the current coverage landscape for antiobesity medications, including the recent requirement by the US Office of Personnel Management for Federal Employees Health Benefits Program carriers to offer adequate coverage of FDA‐approved antiobesity medications, and it makes parallels with conditions that made expanded insurance coverage for bariatric surgery possible, as well as emphasizes the need for additional action by the legislature and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to expand coverage of evidence‐based obesity treatments.
Association of BMI with general health, working capacity recovered, and post‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19
Authors: Peter Raphael S. , Nieters Alexandra , Brockmann Stefan O. , Göpel Siri , Kindle Gerhard , Merle Uta , Steinacker Jürgen M. , Kern Winfried V. , Rothenbacher Dietrich ,   for the EPILOC Phase 1 Study Group
Published: October 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the risk of post‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19 associated with the continuous spectrum of BMI.

Methods

Epidemiology of Long COVID (EPILOC) is a population‐based study conducted in Baden‐Württemberg (Germany), including subjects aged 18 to 65 years who tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 between October 2020 and April 2021. Eligible subjects answered a standardized questionnaire, including sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and the presence of specific symptoms. Participants assessed their current general health recovery and working capacity compared with the pre‐infection situation and provided their body height and weight. Generalized additive models were used to assess the association of BMI with general health recovered, working capacity recovered, and prevalence of fatigue, cognitive impairment, and chest symptoms.

Results

The analyses included 11,296 individuals (41% male), with a mean age of 44.0 (SD 13.7) years. Best general health recovery was observed at BMI of 22.1 (95% CI: 21.0‐27.0) kg/m2 in men and BMI of 21.6 (95% CI: 20.3‐23.1) kg/m2 in women. In addition, we found that increasing BMI was consistently associated with post‐COVID fatigue, neurocognitive impairment, and chest symptoms.

Conclusions

High BMI contributes to impaired recovery after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection; however, a low BMI is associated with impaired recovery as well.
Preparation and characterization of temperature‐responsive Ca–alginate/poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel
Authors: Tang Qichen , Qian Shanhua , Chen Weiwei , Song Xiaofei , Huang Jianfeng
Published: October 2022

Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) is widely implemented in responsive soft actuators. However, there are still defects of low brittleness and poor mechanical properties. Moreover, little attention has been paid to diameter shrinkage deformation of tubular PNIPAm hydrogels. In this study, physical crosslinking between Ca2+ cations and sodium alginate (SA) was introduced to form an interpenetrating network with chemically crosslinked PNIPAm, and then Ca–alginate/PNIPAm hydrogels were prepared. Molecular structure, surface morphology, swelling properties and mechanical properties were characterized. The results indicated that the pure PNIPAm hydrogel obtained using thermal initiation polymerization had better swelling and temperature‐responsive properties (with a maximum swelling ratio of 1134.65% and a fastest decrease rate of 318.45% min−1 in swelling ratio) compared to the hydrogel using ultraviolet polymerization. The mechanical properties the Ca/PNIPAm hydrogel were enhanced until the SA concentration exceeded 8 wt%. The compressive modulus of the hydrogel with SA concentration of 8 wt% (16.61 kPa) was increased by 10 times as compared with the pure PNIPAm hydrogel (1.42 kPa), and its corresponding elastic modulus increased by 47%. Moreover, a model soft actuator was prepared based on annular and tubular hydrogels. It had reversible diameter shrinkage behavior at 50 °C, and excellent temperature‐responsive property. The results reported herein provide valuable insight into the engineering application of temperature‐responsive PNIPAm‐based hydrogels. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Tandem gait test–retest reliability among healthy physically active young adults
Authors: Santo Ashley L. , Joyce Meredith E. , Lynall Robert C.
Published: October 2022

Background

A tandem gait assessment is recommended after concussion. There is limited research examining psychometric properties of tandem gait assessments.

Objective

To determine tandem gait test intertrial and 1‐week test–retest reliability. It was hypothesized that the tandem gait test would yield moderate to good reliability, times would improve across trials/sessions, and average scores would have higher reliability.

Design

Reliability study.

Setting

Research laboratory.

Interventions

Sixty participants (36 females, age: 20.4 ± 1.8 years) completed 10 tandem gait test trials on two occasions.

Main Outcome Measures

Dependent variables included number of normal trials (participants stayed on the line, heel and toe touched on every step, and they avoided touching an examiner/object) and times for each trial. We analyzed intertrial reliability using a one‐way analysis of covariance and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and test–retest reliability using dependent samples t‐tests and ICCs.

Results

At the first testing session, there were significant differences in times across seven trials (F2.44,80.42 = 21.55, p < .001). All trials were faster than the first trial. The second, third, and fifth trial were faster than the previous trial. There was moderately high overall reliability across the first seven trials (ICC2,1 = 0.77, 95% confidence interval = 0.63, 0.87). All times were faster at the second testing session (compared to the first). Most outcomes for the 1‐week test–retest reliability demonstrated at least moderate reliability, including the best times for the first three, four, and five trials; average times for the first four and five trials; and best and average times for all of the participants' normal trials during five and 10 attempted trials.

Conclusions

There are practice effects when administering multiple tandem gait test trials, but scores stabilize after the fifth trial. There are practice effects associated with multiple administrations of the tandem gait test, but outcomes using times for four or five trials have adequate 1‐week test–retest reliability in healthy physically active young adults.
Counting partitions of Gn,1/2$$ {G}_{n,1/2} $$ with degree congruence conditions
Authors: Balister Paul , Powierski Emil , Scott Alex , Tan Jane
Published: October 2022

For , the Erdős–Renyi random graph, let be the random variable representing the number of distinct partitions of into sets so that the degree of each vertex in is divisible by for all . We prove that if is odd then , and if is even then . More generally, we show that the distribution is still asymptotically Poisson when we require all degrees in to be congruent to modulo for each , where the residues may be chosen freely. For , the distribution is not asymptotically Poisson, but it can be determined explicitly.
Preferential Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Mono‐ and Di‐substituted Benzimidazole Derivatives
Authors: Paul Saikat Ranjan , Saha Poushali , Rahman Fahad Imtiaz , Dhar Saran , Abdur Rahman S. M.
Published: October 2022

A series of substituted benzimidazoles were synthesized by condensing o‐phenylenediamine with aromatic aldehydes in water using surfactants as catalyst. Mono and disubstituted benzimidazoles were formed preferentially with benzalkonium chloride and sodium dodecyl sulfate respectively. In silico molecular docking study revealed that 1‐(4‐chlorobenzyl)‐2‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole bound strongly with delta, mu and kappa opioid receptors with binding scores of −9.4, −8.7 and −9.9 Kcal/mol respectively. This derivative also possessed highest binding (−9.0 Kcal/mol) against tubulin (binding score of albendazole was −6.4 Kcal/mol). The molecule also showed potential antibacterial activity with MIC50ranging 16–128 μg/ml inin vitroantibacterial assay. Two benzimidazole derivatives showed powerful interaction with cyclooxygenase‐1 and cyclooxygenase‐2 (−8.1 and −8.9 Kcal/mol respectively) indicating their high analgesic and anti‐inflammatory potentials. All the compounds produced significant binding (−5.2 to −8.2 Kcal/mol) towards urate oxidase, glutathione reductase and peroxiredoxin. Monosubstituted derivative 4‐(1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)phenol displayed superior binding (−6.5 Kcal/mol) with glucosamine 6‐phosphate synthase compared to ciprofloxacin (−6.3 Kcal/mol). In PASS analysis, monosubstituted derivatives demonstrated significant drug‐like potential (Pa>0.7). Hence, the synthesized benzimidazole derivatives can be used as potential leads for developing new drugs.
Early career software developers and work preferences in software engineering
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Ovais , Ahmad Iftikhar , Qayum Fawad
Published: October 2022

Context: The software engineering researchers and practitioners echoed the need for investigations to better understand the engineers developing software and services. In light of current studies, there are significant associations between the personalities of software engineers and their work preferences. However, limited studies are using psychometric measurements in software engineering.

Objective: We aim to evaluate attitudes of early‐stage software engineers and investigate link between their personalities and work preferences.

Method: We collected extensive psychometric data from 303 graduate‐level students in Computer Science programs at four Pakistani and one Swedish university using Five‐Factor Model. The statistical analysis investigated associations between various personality traits and work preferences.

Results: The data support the existence of two clusters of software engineers, one of which is more highly rated across the board. Numerous correlations exist between personality qualities and the preferred types of employment for software developers. For instance, those who exhibit greater levels of emotional stability, agreeableness, extroversion, and conscientiousness like working on technical activities on a set timetable. Similar relationships between personalities and occupational choices are also evident in the earlier studies. More neuroticism is reported in female respondents than in male respondents. Higher intelligence was demonstrated by those who worked on the “entire development process” and “technical components of the project.”

Conclusion: When assigning project tasks to software engineers, managers might use the statistically significant relationships that emerged from the analysis of personality attributes. It would be beneficial to construct effective teams by taking personality factors like extraversion and agreeableness into consideration. The study techniques and analytical tools we use may identify subtle relationships and reflect distinctions across various groups and populations, making them valuable resources for both future academic research and industrial practice.
Numerical modelling of thermal quantities for improving remote laser welding process capability space with consideration to beam oscillation
Authors: Mohan Anand , Ceglarek Dariusz , Auinger Michael
Published: October 2022

This research aims to explore the impact of welding process parameters and beam oscillation on weld thermal cycle during laser welding. A three-dimensional heat transfer model is developed to simulate the welding process, based on finite element method. The results obtained from the model pertaining to thermal cycle and weld morphology are in good agreement with experimental results found in the literature. The developed heat transfer model can quantify the effect of welding process parameters (i.e. heat source power, welding speed, radius of oscillation, and frequecy of oscillation) on the intermediate performance indicators (IPIs) (i.e. peak temperature, heat-affected zone (HAZ) volume, and cooling rate). Parametric contour maps for peak temperature, HAZ volume, and cooling rate are developed for the estimation of the process capability space. An integrated approach for rapid process assessment, and process capability space refinement, based on IPIs is proposed. The process capability space will guide the identification of the initial welding process parameters window and helps in reducing the number of experiments required by refining the process parameters based on the interactions with the IPIs. Among the IPIs, the peak temperature indicates the mode of welding while the HAZ volume and cooling rate represent weld quality. The regression relationship between the welding process parameters and the IPIs is established for quick estimation of IPIs to replace time-consuming numerical simulations. The application of beam oscillation widens the process capability space, making the process parameter selection more flexible due to the increase in distance from the tolerance boundaries.
MR imaging profile and histopathological characteristics of tumour vasculature, cell density and proliferation rate define two distinct growth patterns of human brain metastases from lung cancer
Authors: Kiyose Makoto , Herrmann Eva , Roesler Jenny , Zeiner Pia S. , Steinbach Joachim P. , Forster Marie-Therese , Plate Karl H. , Czabanka Marcus , Vogl Thomas J. , Hattingen Elke , Mittelbronn Michel , Breuer Stella , Harter Patrick N. , Bernatz Simon
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Non-invasive prediction of the tumour of origin giving rise to brain metastases (BMs) using MRI measurements obtained in radiological routine and elucidating the biological basis by matched histopathological analysis.

Methods

Preoperative MRI and histological parameters of 95 BM patients (female, 50; mean age 59.6 ± 11.5 years) suffering from different primary tumours were retrospectively analysed. MR features were assessed by region of interest (ROI) measurements of signal intensities on unenhanced T1-, T2-, diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) normalised to an internal reference ROI. Furthermore, we assessed BM size and oedema as well as cell density, proliferation rate, microvessel density and vessel area as histopathological parameters.

Results

Applying recursive partitioning conditional inference trees, only histopathological parameters could stratify the primary tumour entities. We identified two distinct BM growth patterns depending on their proliferative status: Ki67high BMs were larger (p = 0.02), showed less peritumoural oedema (p = 0.02) and showed a trend towards higher cell density (p = 0.05). Furthermore, Ki67high BMs were associated with higher DWI signals (p = 0.03) and reduced ADC values (p = 0.004). Vessel density was strongly reduced in Ki67high BM (p < 0.001). These features differentiated between lung cancer BM entities (p ≤ 0.03 for all features) with SCLCs representing predominantly the Ki67high group, while NSCLCs rather matching with Ki67low features.

Conclusion

Interpretable and easy to obtain MRI features may not be sufficient to predict directly the primary tumour entity of BM but seem to have the potential to aid differentiating high- and low-proliferative BMs, such as SCLC and NSCLC.
Asymptotic Distributions of Covering and Separation Measures on the Hypersphere
Authors: Seri Raffaello
Published: October 2022

We consider measures of covering and separation that are expressed through maxima and minima of distances between points of an hypersphere. We investigate the behavior of these measures when applied to a sample of independent and uniformly distributed points. In particular, we derive their asymptotic distributions when the number of points diverges. These results can be useful as a benchmark against which deterministic point sets can be evaluated. Whenever possible, we supplement the rigorous derivation of these limiting distributions with some heuristic reasonings based on extreme value theory. As a by-product, we provide a proof for a conjecture on the hole radius associated to a facet of the convex hull of points distributed on the hypersphere.
Polydorid species (Annelida: Spionidae) associated with commercially important oyster shells and their shell infestation along the coast of Normandy, in the English Channel, France
Authors: Sato-Okoshi Waka , Okoshi Kenji , Abe Hirokazu , Dauvin Jean-Claude
Published: October 2022

Polydorid species (Annelida, Spionidae), which inhabit the shells of the commercially important oyster Crassostrea gigas, were investigated along the coast of Normandy, France. Eight species, including five new records for Normandy (Polydora onagawaensis, Polydora websteri, Boccardia pseudonatrix, Boccardia proboscidea, and Boccardiella hamata) and two first records in European waters (P. onagawaensis and B. pseudonatrix), were identified based on morphological, molecular biological, and ecological characteristics. Polydora onagawaensis, which belongs to the Polydora ciliata/websteri complex, was discovered in the shells of wild and suspended cultured oysters, as well as in limestone substrates. In the phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial COI gene sequences, specimens of P. onagawaensis collected from Normandy were grouped together with specimens from the USA into a single clade and were distinguished from the other three lineages that comprised Japanese and USA specimens. Polydora websteri inhabited shells of suspended cultured oysters. Polydora hoplura, Dipolydora giardi, and Dipolydora sp. were observed in shells from the sandy oyster culture grounds. Boccardiella hamata has been found in wild oyster shells from muddy oyster culture grounds. Boccardia pseudonatrix was observed in the shells of both the wild and cultured oysters. Adult and juvenile Boccardia proboscidea were observed in coralline algae, as well as in suspended cultured oysters. Mud tubes were observed to protrude from the outer surface of the shells, and abnormal black and calcareous deposits were secreted on the inner surface of the shells against polydorid penetration.
Are natural deep eutectic solvents always a sustainable option? A bioassay-based study
Authors: Vieira Sanches Matilde , Freitas Rosa , Oliva Matteo , Mero Angelica , De Marchi Lucia , Cuccaro Alessia , Fumagalli Giorgia , Mezzetta Andrea , Colombo Dugoni Greta , Ferro Monica , Mele Andrea , Guazzelli Lorenzo , Pretti Carlo
Published: October 2022

The traditional use of organic solvents in various branches of industry is being rethought as these compounds very often display high volatility, toxicity and lipophilicity (related to the ability to interact with biological membranes). More recently, developments in the field of Green Chemistry are focusing on the design of more sustainable and cost-effective solvent alternatives like Ionic Liquids (ILs), bio-based solvents and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs). The present study aimed at performing an ecotoxicological screening of 15 NADESs using an extensive set of marine and freshwater bioassays, based on different endpoints as the following: immobilization of the crustacean Daphnia magna, growth inhibition of Raphidocelis subcapitata and of Phaeodactylum tricornutum, larval development alterations on the serpulid Ficopomatus enigmaticus and bioluminescence inhibition of Aliivibrio fischeri. What emerged was a general absence of toxicity of all samples. However, both algal assays showed a certain degree of biostimulation, up to over 100% growth increase in respect to controls with 8 out of 15 compounds tested with Raphidocelis subcapitata. Despite NADESs-induced negligible toxicity effects to invertebrates, encouraging their labelling as “sustainable” solvents, the liability of their intentional or accidental release into aquatic systems may represent a serious risk in terms of ecosystem functioning impairments.
Transformation Towards Renewable Energy Systems: Evaluating the Role of Development Financing Institutions
Authors: Xu Jiajun , Gallagher Kevin P.
Published: October 2022

Our paper seeks to evaluate the role of development financing institutions (DFIs) in fostering renewable energy transformations. Whereas the conventional approach to renewable energy finance emphasizes the bankability of individual projects, we advance an alternative approach for the role of DFIs in overcoming system-level constraints to enhance renewable energy transformations. We identify four constraints, namely, the incumbent entrenchment of fossil fuels, unmet energy demand of energy-intensive industries, weak production capacity of renewable energies, and lack of supporting infrastructure. We argue that DFIs can potentially address these constraints by setting a mission-driven vision, acting as honest brokers to overcome the incumbent entrenchment, scaling up renewable energy financing to make the cost of renewable energies more competitive, incubating nascent renewable energies, and financing supporting infrastructure. We then select representative DFIs to evaluate the role of DFIs in fostering renewable energy transformations. We find that most sampled DFIs have recently prioritized financing renewable energy, supported pilot projects to achieve demonstration effects, and made investments in complementary infrastructure. Yet few DFIs have achieved the economies of scale to bring down the renewable energy price or shape the policy environment in favor of renewable energy in a manner that can trigger significant transformational change.
Emplaced activism: what-if environmental education attuned to young people’s entanglements with post-industrial landscapes?
Authors: Ivinson Gabrielle Mary , Renold EJ
Published: October 2022

Cultures that recognise the many forces and memories held in landscape can make important contributions to climate emergency. We argue there is another group which has knowledge to call upon; young people growing up in post-industrial places. In this paper, we draw on over 10 years of research with young people to speculate about the potential of outsider knowledge as the basis for emplaced activism as an original and significantly new approach to environmental education. The first part of the paper presents the argument, concepts and methodology for thinking about environments as lived experience. Next we introduce the place where capitalist and industrial forces are knotted with the distinctive histories of post-industrial communities. Place is explored through stories of the geological and historical legacies of south Wale’s valleys in sections titled: Earth Matters; Industrial Matters; Affective Matters and Matters of Decline. Next, three lines of flight that took off in creative workshops with young people: Troubled Landscapes, Embodied Landscape and Activist Landscapes are presented. Finally, we set out a new approach to environmental education and research by asking what if environmental activism starts from young people’s troubled experiences of living in marginal and forgotten places?
African Studies Keyword:Okà
Authors: Elleh Nnamdi
Published: October 2022

In the pursuit of modernization, professors of architecture have adopted methods of teaching and professional practices which colonize building epistemes as exclusively European intellectual property, derived from scientific techniques. Students of architecture in the African academy are aware of this colonial bias, which encourages them to unlearn and to forget their African built environment heritage, and they are calling for inclusive reformed curriculums. Usingokà, an Èkpèyè multidimensional, organic, aesthetic, discursive approach to celebrations and to solving complex problems as an example, Elleh advocates for integrated curriculums that approach the discipline without the ordering/othering distinctions between indigenous and modern built environment knowledge.
Radiocarbon Dates for Las Chimeneas (Cantabria, Spain) Palaeolithic Cave Art: Quality of Radiocarbon and Relevance to Parietal Art
Authors: García-Diez Marcos , Ibero Álvaro , Ochoa Blanca , López-Calle Paula , Garrido Daniel
Published: October 2022

AMS radiocarbon dating has been widely applied in Palaeolithic art research and its value has been proven over the past three decades. Yet it still suffers from issues that need to be discussed and analysed to improve future sampling strategies and strengthen the interpretation of the results. This study presents new AMS dates for the parietal art in Cueva de Las Chimeneas in northern Spain, describes the quality of the samples, and discusses their reliability. The joint assessment of the dates and its comparison with previously obtained dates as well as stratified and dated portable art makes it possible to put forward a hypothesis about the time of creation of the cave's parietal art and the degree of synchrony or diachrony in its production. Consequently, it is proposed that the cave art at Las Chimeneas was created in the lower Magdalenian, between 19,000 and 17,500 cal bp.
Flows, growth rates, and the veering polynomial
Authors: LANDRY MICHAEL P. , MINSKY YAIR N. , TAYLOR SAMUEL J.
Published: October 2022

For a pseudo-Anosov flow
$\varphi $
without perfect fits on a closed
$3$
-manifold, Agol–Guéritaud produce a veering triangulation
$\tau $
on the manifold M obtained by deleting the singular orbits of
$\varphi $
. We show that
$\tau $
can be realized in M so that its 2-skeleton is positively transverse to
$\varphi $
, and that the combinatorially defined flow graph
$\Phi $
embedded in M uniformly codes the orbits of
$\varphi $
in a precise sense. Together with these facts, we use a modified version of the veering polynomial, previously introduced by the authors, to compute the growth rates of the closed orbits of
$\varphi $
after cutting M along certain transverse surfaces, thereby generalizing the work of McMullen in the fibered setting. These results are new even in the case where the transverse surface represents a class in the boundary of a fibered cone of M. Our work can be used to study the flow
$\varphi $
on the original closed manifold. Applications include counting growth rates of closed orbits after cutting along closed transverse surfaces, defining a continuous, convex entropy function on the ‘positive’ cone in
$H^1$
of the cut-open manifold, and answering a question of Leininger about the closure of the set of all stretch factors arising as monodromies within a single fibered cone of a
$3$
-manifold. This last application connects to the study of endperiodic automorphisms of infinite-type surfaces and the growth rates of their periodic points.
A variational principle for weighted topological pressure under -actions
Authors: HUO QIANG , YUAN RONG
Published: October 2022

Let
$k\geq 2$
and
$(X_{i}, \mathcal {T}_{i}), i=1,\ldots ,k$
, be
$\mathbb {Z}^{d}$
-actions topological dynamical systems with
$\mathcal {T}_i:=\{T_i^{\textbf {g}}:X_i{\rightarrow } X_i\}_{\textbf {g}\in \mathbb {Z}^{d}}$
, where
$d\in \mathbb {N}$
and
$f\in C(X_{1})$
. Assume that for each
$1\leq i\leq k-1$
,
$(X_{i+1}, \mathcal {T}_{i+1})$
is a factor of
$(X_{i}, \mathcal {T}_{i})$
. In this paper, we introduce the weighted topological pressure
$P^{\textbf {a}}(\mathcal {T}_{1},f)$
and weighted measure-theoretic entropy
$h_{\mu }^{\textbf {a}}(\mathcal {T}_{1})$
for
$\mathbb {Z}^{d}$
-actions, and establish a weighted variational principle as
$$ \begin{align*} P^{\textbf{a}}(\mathcal{T}_{1},f)=\sup\bigg\{h_{\mu}^{\textbf{a}}(\mathcal{T}_{1})+\int_{X_{1}}f\,d\mu:\mu\in\mathcal{M}(X_{1}, \mathcal{T}_{1})\bigg\}. \end{align*} $$

This result not only generalizes some well-known variational principles about topological pressure for compact or non-compact sets, but also improves the variational principle for weighted topological pressure in [16] from
$\mathbb {Z}_{+}$
-action topological dynamical systems to
$\mathbb {Z}^{d}$
-actions topological dynamical systems.
Efficacy of an aerosol-resistant pepsin powder used in artificial digestion for the detection of Trichinella larvae in meat
Authors: Vasilev S. , Suvajdzic B. , Mitic I. , Sabljic Lj. , Karabasil N. , Sofronic Milosavljevic Lj. , Vasilev D.
Published: October 2022

Trichinellosis is an important worldwide foodborne zoonosis. The gold standard test to detect Trichinella spp. larvae in muscle samples of animals intended for human consumption is the artificial digestion method. Handling and dispensing of conventional pepsin powder present significant safety risks for analysts. The use of pepsin powder that is resistant to aerosolization should alleviate these safety concerns. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of an aerosol-resistant pepsin powder to conventional pepsin powder in the artificial digestion method. Proficiency samples of pork diaphragm containing specific numbers of viable Trichinella spiralis larvae were tested in two laboratories. The results revealed that aerosol-resistant pepsin was simple, effective and convenient to use, and showed good solubility and larval recovery that met the requirements of the European Union regulation EU 2015/1375. Overall, the efficacy of the aerosol-resistant pepsin was comparable to the conventional pepsin and safer for analysts.
Doodles: an exhibition of the drawings of Stirling, Wilford & Associates, 1984–2000
Authors: Berman Alan
Published: October 2022

Ticks, crosses and amendments: revealing the design methods of Stirling's office.
Silence and the city: an examination of the power of architectural form
Authors: Lyons Frank
Published: October 2022

The article suggests that the misuse of architectural form is the major threat to our cities. Form has power and form used mindlessly has indiscriminate consequences for the urban environment and its citizens.

To explore this ‘silent’ power of form, the article takes Louis Kahn’s lecture on ‘Silence and Light’ as its opening text. Kahn‘s distinction between the ‘measurable’ and ‘unmeasurable’ dimensions of architecture is compared to similar distinctions made by Kant, and extended by Schopenhauer at the turn of the nineteenth century. We learn that it is the ‘unmeasurable’ aspect of reality that gives form its power and in the second part of the article, using detailed analyses of Frank Lloyd Wright’s work, we are able to explain how the ‘unmeasurable’ is revealed within the ‘measurable’ and how such carefully balanced use of form can make a significant contribution to the health of our cities.
Effects of early-life voluntary exercise and fructose on adult activity levels, body composition, aerobic capacity, and organ masses in mice bred for high voluntary wheel-running behavior
Authors: Cadney Marcell D. , Albuquerque Ralph L. , Schwartz Nicole E. , McNamara Monica P. , Castro Alberto A. , Schmill Margaret P. , Hillis David A. , Garland Theodore
Published: October 2022

Fructose (C6H12O6) is acutely obesogenic and is a risk factor for hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the possible long-lasting effects of early-life fructose consumption have not been studied. We tested for effects of early-life fructose and/or wheel access (voluntary exercise) in a line of selectively bred High Runner (HR) mice and a non-selected Control (C) line. Exposures began at weaning and continued for 3 weeks to sexual maturity, followed by a 23-week "washout" period (equivalent to ∼17 human years). Fructose increased total caloric intake, body mass, and body fat during juvenile exposure, but had no effect on juvenile wheel running and no important lasting effects on adult physical activity or body weight/composition. Interestingly, adult maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) was reduced in mice that had early-life fructose and wheel access. Consistent with previous studies, early-life exercise promoted adult wheel running. In a 3-way interaction, C mice that had early-life fructose and no wheel access gained body mass in response to 2 weeks of adult wheel access, while all other groups lost mass. Overall, we found some long-lasting positive effects of early-life exercise, but minimal effects of early-life fructose, regardless of the mouse line.
The effect of a movable headrest in shoulder assist device for overhead work
Authors: Ishii Chiharu , Hirasawa Kanta
Published: October 2022

Recently, many kinds of shoulder-support exoskeletons have been developed and some of them are commercially available. However, to the best of our knowledge, shoulder-support exoskeletons that have neck-support mechanism have not been found. During the overhead work, physical strain is added to not only upper limb and shoulder but also neck of workers since the workers work keeping their face raised. Therefore, in this study, to reduce the physical strain on the neck during the overhead work, a movable headrest that can be attached to the shoulder assist device was developed, which has reclining and slide functions of a head. The main purpose of this article was to evaluate usefulness of the proposed movable headrest. To this end, measurements of electromyogram were carried out under simulating an overhead work activity, and the reduction effect for physical strain of the neck was compared among three types of headrests: (a) slide-type headrest which can slide the head backward and forward, (b) reclining-type headrest which can recline the head, and (c) reclining and slide-type headrest which can recline and slide the head. In addition, usefulness of the shoulder assist device with the proposed headrest was evaluated for a realistic overhead work activity through measurements of muscular stiffness of neck and shoulder. The experimental results showed that the existence of the headrest in the shoulder assist device is effective to reduce the physical strain to the workers, and that (c) reclining and slide-type headrest is the most effective among these three types of headrests.
An Imaging Evidence of the East Wall Structuring of Eastward Drifting Depletions Observed Near the EIA Crest in India
Authors: Padincharapad Saranya , Parihar Navin , Taori Alok , Sripathi Samireddipalle
Published: October 2022

Structuring on the west (east) wall of eastward (westward) drifting airglow depletion under quiet (storm) time is common. Here, we report for the first time the rare occurrence of the east wall structuring of an eastward drifting depletion near the crest of equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) in India on 16 April 2012 under quiet geomagnetic conditions. We observed a linear depletion having a westward tilt of ∼25° and eastward drift speed of ∼129 m/s in the beginning. First prominent structuring occurred on its west wall that later swiftly surged poleward within next 6–12 min and bifurcated, that is, behaved like a secondary depletion growing on the primary one. Second west wall structuring then occurred but had considerably subdued growth. Meanwhile, main depletion bent slightly eastward above its branching node, and two structuring appeared on the east wall in succession. Secondary depletion then slightly contracted equatorward, and structuring emerged from its east wall, too, that later stretched eastward, got linked with main depletion and formed grid mesh shaped feature. Second structuring on the west wall started fading; while, those on the east wall swiftly evolved, surged poleward and gained prominence. Also, their westward tilt decreased. During the occurrence of these events, gravity waves (GWs) and the retreat of EIA were active overhead. Current study serves as first imaging evidence of Zalesak et al. (1982, https://doi.org/10.1029/JA087iA01p00151) simulations that the east wall of a westward tilted depletion can become unstable and host secondary instabilities. Possibly these structuring were excited by GWs via Rayleigh‐Taylor instability.
Blood levels of T-Cell Receptor Excision Circles (TRECs) provide an index of exposure to traumatic stress in mice and humans
Authors: McCullough Kenneth M. , Katrinli Seyma , Hartmann Jakob , Lori Adriana , Klengel Claudia , Missig Galen , Klengel Torsten , Langford Nicole A. , Newman Emily L. , Anderson Kasey J. , Smith Alicia K. , Carroll F. Ivy , Ressler Kerry J. , Carlezon William A.
Published: October 2022

Exposure to stress triggers biological changes throughout the body. Accumulating evidence indicates that alterations in immune system function are associated with the development of stress-associated illnesses such as major depressive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder, increasing interest in identifying immune markers that provide insight into mental health. Recombination events during T-cell receptor rearrangement and T-cell maturation in the thymus produce circular DNA fragments called T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) that can be utilized as indicators of thymic function and numbers of newly emigrating T-cells. Given data suggesting that stress affects thymus function, we examined whether blood levels of TRECs might serve as a quantitative peripheral index of cumulative stress exposure and its physiological correlates. We hypothesized that chronic stress exposure would compromise thymus function and produce corresponding decreases in levels of TRECs. In male mice, exposure to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) produced thymic involution, adrenal hypertrophy, and decreased levels of TRECs in blood. Extending these studies to humans revealed robust inverse correlations between levels of circulating TRECs and childhood emotional and physical abuse. Cell-type specific analyses also revealed associations between TREC levels and blood cell composition, as well as cell-type specific methylation changes in CD4T + and CD8T + cells. Additionally, TREC levels correlated with epigenetic age acceleration, a common biomarker of stress exposure. Our findings demonstrate alignment between findings in mice and humans and suggest that blood-borne TRECs are a translationally-relevant biomarker that correlates with, and provides insight into, the cumulative physiological and immune-related impacts of stress exposure in mammals.
Impact of high-access exercise prior to and during early adolescence on later vulnerability to opioid use and relapse in male rats
Authors: Lynch Wendy J. , Bakhti-Suroosh Anousheh , Abel Jean M.
Published: October 2022

Middle- and high-school athletes participating in certain team sports are at greater risk of opioid misuse and addiction than those who do not. While this risk is thought to be due to increased access to opioids, in this study we explored the possibility that the sensitizing effects of discontinued high-intensity exercise may also contribute. Specifically, using male rat models with fentanyl, we tested the hypothesis that high-access exercise (24 h/day access to a running wheel) during pre/early adolescence (two weeks, postnatal-day 24–37) would enhance vulnerability to opioid use and relapse during late adolescence/adulthood. Rats with a history of high-access exercise showed stronger fentanyl-associated lever discrimination during acquisition, greater motivation to obtain infusions of fentanyl following acquisition, and had an enhanced sensitivity to the reinstating effects of fentanyl-associated cues following extended (24 h/day), intermittent-access self-administration and protracted abstinence (14 days) compared to sedentary controls. In contrast, sedentary rats had greater overall responding (active- and inactive-lever) during acquisition and greater non-specific (inactive-lever) responding during extended-access self-administration. Molecular markers associated with opioid seeking/relapse were also differentially expressed in the nucleus accumbens core of rats with versus without a history of high-access exercise following relapse testing (e.g., Bdnf-IV and Drd2 expression). Together, these findings demonstrate that high-access exercise prior to and throughout early-adolescence enhances vulnerability to the reinforcing and cue-induced reinstating effects of opioids during later adolescence/adulthood. Thus, it is possible that the discontinuation of high intensity exercise contributes to the enhanced vulnerability observed in middle- and high-school athletes.
Activation of RhoC by regulatory ubiquitination is mediated by LNX1 and suppressed by LIS1
Authors: Kholmanskikh Stanislav , Singh Shawn , Ross M. Elizabeth
Published: October 2022

Regulation of Rho GTPases remains a topic of active investigation as they are essential participants in cell biology and the pathophysiology of many human diseases. Non-degrading ubiquitination (NDU) is a critical regulator of the Ras superfamily, but its relevance to Rho proteins remains unknown. We show that RhoC, but not RhoA, is a target of NDU by E3 ubiquitin ligase, LNX1. Furthermore, LNX1 ubiquitination of RhoC is negatively regulated by LIS1 (aka, PAFAH1B1). Despite multiple reports of functional interaction between LIS1 and activity of Rho proteins, a robust mechanism linking the two has been lacking. Here, LIS1 inhibition of LNX1 effects on RhoGDI-RhoC interaction provides a molecular mechanism underpinning the enhanced activity of Rho proteins observed upon reduction in LIS1 protein levels. Since LNX1 and RhoC are only found in vertebrates, the LIS1-LNX1-RhoC module represents an evolutionarily acquired function of the highly conserved LIS1. While these nearly identical proteins have several distinct RhoA and RhoC downstream effectors, our data provide a rare example of Rho-isoform specific, upstream regulation that opens new therapeutic opportunities.
Ultrasound-assessed diaphragm dysfunction predicts clinical outcomes in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Zheng Jing , Yin Qing , Wang Shi-yuan , Wang Ying-Yan , Xiao Jing-jie , Tang Tao-tao , Ni Wei-jie , Ren Li-qun , Liu Hong , Zhang Xiao-liang , Liu Bi-Cheng , Wang Bin
Published: October 2022

Skeletal muscle atrophy is prevalent and remarkably increases the risk of cardiovascular (CV) events and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. However, whether diaphragm dysfunction predicts clinical outcomes in HD patients is unknown. This was a prospective cohort study of 103 HD patients. After assessment of diaphragm function by ultrasonography and collection of other baseline data, a 36-month follow-up was then initiated. Participants were divided into diaphragm dysfunction (DD+) group and normal diaphragm function (DD−) group, according to cutoff value of thickening ratio (i.e. the change ratio of diaphragm thickness) at force respiration. The primary endpoint was the first nonfatal CV event or all-cause mortality. A secondary endpoint was less serious CV events (LSCEs, a composite of heart failure readmission, cardiac arrhythmia or myocardial ischemia needed pharmacological intervention in hospital). 98 patients were eligible to analysis and 57 (58.16%) were men. 28 of 44 patients(63.64%) in DD+ group and 23 of 54 patients (42.59%) in DD− group had at least one nonfatal CV event or death (p = 0.038). Compared to DD− group, DD+ group had significantly higher incidence of LSCEs (21 vs.14, p = 0.025) and shorter survival time (22.02 ± 12.98 months vs. 26.74 ± 12.59 months, p = 0.046). Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed significantly higher risks of primary endpoint (p = 0.039), and LSCEs (p = 0.040) in DD+ group. Multivariate hazard analysis showed that DD+ group had significantly higher risk of primary endpoint [hazard ratio (HR) 1.59; 95% confident interval (CI) 1.54–1.63], and LSCEs (HR 1.47; 95%CI 1.40–1.55). Ultrasound-assessed diaphragm dysfunction predicts clinical outcomes in HD patients.

Trial registration: This study was registered with Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (www.chictr.org.cn) as ChiCTR1800016500 on Jun 05, 2018.
Case growth analysis to inform local response to COVID-19 epidemic in a diverse U.S community
Authors: de Oliveira Otto Marcia C. , Brito Frances A. , Tark Ji Yun , Bakota Eric , Yamal Jose-Miguel , Marko Dritana , Sharma Shreela V. , Brown Michael R. , Appana Savitri N. , Rector Alison M. , Linder Stephen H. , Kiger Jennifer , Tseng Karen C. , Morrison Alanna C. , Boerwinkle Eric
Published: October 2022

Early detection of new outbreak waves is critical for effective and sustained response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a growth rate analysis using local community and inpatient records from seven hospital systems to characterize distinct phases in SARS-CoV-2 outbreak waves in the Greater Houston area. We determined the transition times from rapid spread of infection in the community to surge in the number of inpatients in local hospitals. We identified 193,237 residents who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 via molecular testing from April 8, 2020 to June 30, 2021, and 30,031 residents admitted within local healthcare institutions with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, including emergency cases. We detected two distinct COVID-19 waves: May 12, 2020–September 6, 2020 and September 27, 2020–May 15, 2021; each encompassed four growth phases: lagging, exponential/rapid growth, deceleration, and stationary/linear. Our findings showed that, during early stages of the pandemic, the surge in the number of daily cases in the community preceded that of inpatients admitted to local hospitals by 12–36 days. Rapid decline in hospitalized cases was an early indicator of transition to deceleration in the community. Our real-time analysis informed local pandemic response in one of the largest U.S. metropolitan areas, providing an operationalized framework to support robust real-world surveillance for outbreak preparedness.