bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of high and low‐supportive footwear on female tri‐planar knee moments during single limb landing
Authors: Sayer Timothy A. , Hinman Rana S. , Paterson Kade L. , Bennell Kim L. , Fortin Karine , Bryant Adam L.
Published: September 2018

Background

Higher landing‐related external knee joint moments at later stages of female pubertal development likely contribute to a higher incidence of non‐contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Athletic footwear may provide a potential strategy to alter higher knee moments.

Methods

Thirty‐one late/post‐pubertal girls (Tanner stage IV‐V, menarche and growth spurt attained) performed a single limb drop lateral jump in three footwear conditions (barefoot, low support shoes and high support shoes), in which peak knee abduction moment (KAbM), flexion moment (KFM) and internal rotation moments (KIRM) were measured. Repeated measures ANOVA and ANCOVA were used to test for a main effect of footwear with and without foot posture index (FPI) as a covariate (p < 0.05) with post‐hoc test carried out via Fisher's Least Significant Difference (LSD).

Results

A main effect of footwear condition was observed for peak KFM (p < 0.05), but not KAbM or KIRM, in both unadjusted and adjusted models. Post‐hoc analysis demonstrated that both high‐ and low‐support shoes increased peak KFM compared with barefoot (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Our findings indicate commercially available high‐ and low‐supportive footwear increase peak KFM, but do not effect KAbM or KIRM while landing among late/post‐pubertal girls. This suggests that these styles of footwear are inadequate at reducing higher knee moments in an at‐risk cohort.
The effect of antibiotic stewardship interventions with stakeholder involvement in hospital settings: a multicentre, cluster randomized controlled intervention study
Authors: Wathne Jannicke Slettli , Kleppe Lars Kåre Selland , Harthug Stig , Blix Hege Salvesen , Nilsen Roy M. , Charani Esmita ,   The Bergen Intervention Teams, Markussen Dagfinn Lunde , Thelle Andreas , Neteland Marion Iren , Hope Ottar , Smith Ingrid
Published: September 2018

Background

There is limited evidence from multicenter, randomized controlled studies to inform planning and implementation of antibiotic stewardship interventions in hospitals.

Methods

A cluster randomized, controlled, intervention study was performed in selected specialities (infectious diseases, pulmonary medicine and gastroenterology) at three emergency care hospitals in Western Norway. Interventions applied were audit with feedback and academic detailing. Implementation strategies included co-design of interventions with stakeholders in local intervention teams and prescribers setting local targets for change in antibiotic prescribing behaviour. Primary outcome measures were adherence to national guidelines, use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and change in locally defined targets of change in prescribing behaviour. Secondary outcome measures were length of stay, 30-day readmission, in-hospital- and 30-day mortality.

Results

One thousand eight hundred two patients receiving antibiotic treatment were included. Adherence to guidelines had an absolute increase from 60 to 66% for all intervention wards (p = 0.04). Effects differed across specialties and pulmonary intervention wards achieved a 14% absolute increase in adherence (p = 0.003), while no change was observed for other specialties. A pulmonary ward targeting increased use of penicillin G 2 mill IU × 4 for pneumonia and COPD exacerbations had an intended increase of 30% for this prescribing behaviour (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Pulmonary wards had a higher increase in adherence, independent of applied intervention. The effect of antibiotic stewardship interventions is dependent on how and in which context they are implemented. Additional effects of interventions are seen when stakeholders discuss ward prescribing behaviour and agree on specific targets for changes in prescribing practice.
Prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations Among High-Risk Saudi Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Abulkhair Omalkhair , Al Balwi Mohammed , Makram Ola , Alsubaie Lamia , Faris Medhat , Shehata Hussam , Hashim Ahmed , Arun Banu , Saadeddin Ahmed , Ibrahim Ezzeldin
Published: September 2018

Purpose

Over the past three decades, the incidence rate of breast cancer (BC) among Arab women has continually increased. However, data on the prevalence of BRCA1/2 mutations are scarce. Although the population in Saudi Arabia is at large homogeneous and consanguinity is common, especially in the central, eastern, and southern regions of the country, the prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and the characteristics of BC are not well studied in the country.

Methods

This prospective observational study intended to determine the prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and sought to examine the clinicopathologic features of BC associated with these mutations.

Results

Of 310 patients, 270 (87%) had no mutation. BRCA mutations were identified in 40 patients; BRCA1 mutations were found in 11% of patients, and BRCA2 mutations were found in 2% of patients. Variants of unknown significance were found in 15% of patients (45 patients). Triple-negative BC (TNBC) accounted for 86% of all patients with BC and mutations. The following three recurrent deleterious founder BRCA1 mutations were observed: c.4136_4137delCT was observed in five unrelated patients, c.5530delC was observed in three unrelated patients, and c.4524G>A mutations were observed in five unrelated patients. One novel mutation was identified in the BRCA1 gene (c.5512 dup [p.Glu1838Glyfs*42]).

Conclusion

Among high-risk Saudi patients with BC, BRCA1 mutations are prevalent (11%). TNBC is the most common BC subtype. Furthermore, age alone does not have a significant association with mutation, but a combination of risk factors such as age, familial history, and TNBC has a significant association with BRCA mutation.
Analysis of Efficacy and Toxicity Profile of First-Line Sunitinib or Pazopanib in Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Brazilian Population
Authors: Isaacsson Velho Pedro , Nardo Mirella , Souza Manoel Carlos Leonardi de Azevedo , Bonadio Renata R.C. Colombo , Marta Guilherme Nader , Muniz David Q.B. , Bastos Diogo Assed , Dzik Carlos
Published: September 2018

Purpose

Sunitinib and pazopanib are multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that act against vascular endothelial growth factor receptors and are standard first-line treatment options for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The Brazilian public health system diverges from the randomized clinical trials in the availability of first and subsequent lines of treatment and in clinical and demographic characteristics of patients. Therefore, it is essential to describe the history of advanced ccRCC during and after TKI treatment in this population.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with advanced ccRCC treated with a first-line TKI (either sunitinib or pazopanib) between February 2009 and March 2017 in a single academic Brazilian cancer center (Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo).

Results

Of the 222 patients, 109 were treated with sunitinib and 113 with pazopanib. The median duration of treatment and overall survival (OS) were 6.4 and 15.2 months for sunitinib and 6.7 and 14.2 months for pazopanib, respectively. Discontinuation of treatment occurred secondarily to progressive disease or death in 64.2% of patients using sunitinib and in 54.8% of patients using pazopanib. Adverse events were responsible for discontinuation of treatment in 28.4% of patients in the sunitinib group and in 22.1% in the pazopanib group. According to Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center risk categories, the OS was 32.9 months, 15.9 months, and 8.1 months for low risk, intermediate risk, and poor risk, respectively (hazard ratio, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.13 to 2.26; P < .001).

Conclusion

The use of TKI inhibitors as first-line treatment of metastatic RCC is effective and feasible in the Brazilian public health. However, the median OS of our population is considerably lower compared with the prospective trials that evaluated the same drugs.
Functional differences of short and long isoforms of spastin harboring missense mutation
Authors: Plaud Clément , Joshi Vandana , Kajevu Natallie , Poüs Christian , Curmi Patrick A. , Burgo Andrea
Published: September 2018

Mutations of the SPG4 (SPAST) gene encoding for spastin protein are the main causes of hereditary spastic paraplegia. Spastin binds to microtubules and severs them through the enzymatic activity of its AAA domain. Several missense mutations located in this domain lead to stable, nonsevering spastins that decorate a subset of microtubules, suggesting a possible negative gain-of-function mechanism for these mutants. Of the two main isoforms of spastin, only mutations of the long isoform, M1, are supposed to be involved in the onset of the pathology, leaving the role of the ubiquitously expressed shorter one, M87, not fully investigated and understood. Here, we show that two isoforms of spastin harboring the same missense mutation bind and bundle different subsets of microtubules in HeLa cells, and likely stabilize them by increasing the level of acetylated tubulin. However, only mutated M1 has the ability to interact with wild-type M1, and decorates a subset of perinuclear microtubules associated with the endoplasmic reticulum that display higher resistance to microtubule depolymerization and increased intracellular ionic strength, compared with those decorated by mutated M87. We further show that only mutated M1 decorates microtubules of proximal axons and dendrites, and strongly impairs axonal transport in cortical neurons through a mechanism likely independent of the microtubule-severing activity of this protein.
Εκτίμηση και μοντελοποίηση του κινδύνου διάβρωσης στη λεκάνη απορροής του Ξηροπόταμου Καστοριάς με χρήση ΓΣΠ.
Authors: ΖΑΡΚΑΔΑΣ Π. , ΜΑΡΓΩΝΗ Σ. , ΨΙΛΟΒΙΚΟΣ ΑΡ. , ΔΑΛΕΖΙΟΣ Ν.
Published: September 2018

The hazard of erosion in the Xeropotamos river drainage basin on the eastern side of Kastoria lake is examined in this paper, through G.I.S. techniques (methodology).Eight levels of information were taken into account: The channel network, the Digital Elevation Model (DEM through TIN), the surface slope degree and orientation, the lithology, the vegetational cover, the rainfall distribution and the wind blown factors.The combination of the above levels of information allowed the production of two alternative erosional hazard assessment maps. One counts for equal and another counts for not equal influence of all the above factors in the model. The erosional capacity of Xeropotamos is reflected on the flatlands of the eastern side of Kastoria lake,where the river deposits heavy sediment loads, thus forming a deltaic lobe into the lake. It threatens to split the lake, unless antierosional measures on the drainage basin reduces its capacity.
Η συμβολή των δορυφορικών πολυφασματικών εικόνων στη Γεωμορφολογία, από τη δεκαετία του 70 (δορυφόροι LANDSAT) μέχρι σήμερα (δορυφόροι IKONOS, QuickBird). Παραδείγματα από την Ελλάδα.
Authors: ΑΣΤΑΡΑΣ Θ. , ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΔΗΣ Δ. , ΜΟΥΡΑΤΙΔΗΣ Α.
Published: September 2018

This paper describes initially the availability of multispectral satellite images, from the launch of the first Earth Resources Satellites (Landsat series), with medium resolution capabilities (80m), to the launch of the contemporary satellites (QuickBird, 2001), with very high resolution capabilities (60cm). It reviews researches, concerning the visual and digital image analyses of the LANDSAT series, SPOT, 1RS, TERRA and QuickBird satellite images that have been carried out during the last 20 years in the Department of Physical and Environmental Geography, School of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. These researches are of geomorphological-geological interest and involve applications in various areas of Greece. In particular, practical examples are provided, concerning the detection and delineation of landslides in Macedonia and Epirus Provinces, the detection and classification of geomorphological units (land systems) in Peloponnesos, Thrace, Macedonia and Santorini areas and the analysis of drainage network in Central Macedonia Province with emphasis in the delineation of severe erosional phenomena. Reason for this review paper, is the contemporary use of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) with 10-30 m accuracy, from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM / 2000) and their contribution, along with the high resolution satellite images, (from TERRA, QuickBird, etc), in the 3-D visualization of the Earths' relief. In particular, the use of 3-D satellite images will assist geoscientists and especially geomorphologists, to study the Earths' relief and its' evolution, more quickly, with better accuracy and at lower cost, compared with aerial photographs and 2-D satellite images, which have been used during the last 20 years.
ΒΙΟΣΤΡΩΜΑΤΟΓΡΑΦΙΚΗ ΣΗΜΑΣΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΔΟΜΗΣ ΤΩΝ ΑΠΟΛΙΘΩΜΕΝΩΝ ΧΑΥΛΙΟΔΟΝΤΩΝ
Authors: Αθανασίου Α.
Published: September 2018

Fossil elephants of Eurasia are very useful for biostratigraphical correlations, as they were widespread geographically and they are generally common and well preserved as fossils. A relatively new method that contributes to the taxonomic identification of proboscidean tusks is the study of their microstructure, as it is expressed in their Schreger pattern. This pattern is characteristic of the proboscidean dentine. It is visible in tusk cross sections as intersecting spiral lines. The method can be applied in small, otherwise not determinable, tusk fragments to help with their taxonomic identification, making subsequently possible to come to biostratigraphical conclusions. The present study presents the application of this method in Greek samples, as well as the resulting taxonomic and biostratigraphic data
Respiratory disease in cattle — a practical approach
Authors: Statham Jonathan
Published: September 2018

An estimated 1.9 million animals are affected by bovine respiratory disease (BRD) each year in the UK cattle industry with costs estimated at around £60 million annually. The principal pathogens assumed to be implicated in BRD have been identified and their epidemiology and pathogenesis generally understood. A range of effective therapeutic (anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial products) and preventative tools (vaccines) have been developed and offer positive opportunities for control. However, BRD is complex, multi-factorial and despite the available tools continues to represent a threat to cattle health, welfare and farm profitability. A fundamental appreciation of animal–pathogen–environment interactions is necessary to understand the success and failure of current control measures. This article explores whether some current control strategies are actually unsuccessful, is knowledge exchange inadequate, are recommendations generally being ignored or are there new developments, pathogens or approaches that merit investigation?
Rumen fluke: past, present and future
Authors: Forbes Andrew
Published: September 2018

There has been a rapid expansion in the range of the rumen fluke species Calicophoron daubneyi over the last decade in the UK and Ireland, preceded by a similar increase in France from 1990. The reasons for this are unclear, but this species of rumen fluke utilises the mud snail, Galba truncatula, as its intermediate host, in contrast to other paramphistomes, for which aquatic snails are the commonest intermediate hosts. G. truncatula has a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate regions, and is also an intermediate host for Fasciola hepatica. Paramphistomosis has two manifestations in domestic ruminants: 1) a potentially fatal, acute disease with sudden onset of watery diarrhoea and weight loss that results from extensive pathology in the duodenum, where the juvenile flukes develop; and 2) colonisation of the rumen by adult flukes, without apparent detrimental effects on the host. Rumen fluke infections can be diagnosed through faecal samples, examined for either eggs or immature fluke or both. Oxyclozanide is the only available anthelmintic that is effective against both adult and immature rumen fluke. While prompt treatment of acute larval paramphistomosis is essential, the rationale for treating adult rumen fluke infections is less clear.
A review of cleaning and disinfection studies in farming environments
Authors: Gosling RJ
Published: September 2018

Veterinary disinfectants are a vital component in the control of animal and zoonotic disease strategies, both in the everyday prevention of disease and in controlling the spread of infections during outbreaks. Effective cleaning and disinfection is a key factor in disease control within farming industries and can also impact on productivity, feed conversion and welfare.

A range of different methods have been used to assess the efficacy of disinfectants within farming environments, using controlled laboratory studies, structured field trials and observations of on-farm practices. These studies generally result in the same conclusions, with a reduction in bacterial load occurring after cleaning and disinfection, with a range of different disinfectants, although the aldehyde-based disinfectants were the most effective on surfaces. Chlorocresol-based disinfectants were most effective in boot dip style models. All disinfectants performed better when organic matter had been removed.

Cleaning and disinfection plays a key role in the control of disease on farms, but it is not a stand-alone activity, and will be most effective when combined with high levels of farm biosecurity.
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: Mueller Kristina
Published: September 2018

Introduction:

This third edition of Bovine Surgery and Lameness provides a well-illustrated practical resource for practitioners, with accessible takehome messages and up to date information.
Antimicrobial drug use in critically ill horses
Authors: Dunkel Bettina
Published: September 2018

Treatment of severely ill horses often requires administration of antimicrobial drugs. Due to increasing antimicrobial drug resistance, their use should be considered on a case-by-case basis, choosing first-line antimicrobial drugs whenever feasible and discontinuing treatment as soon as the possible. In most cases, a short duration of antimicrobial therapy, ranging from a single dose (for example pre-operatively) to 24–72 hours, might be sufficient. Only rare exceptions require long-term treatment. The article aims to provide practical information about antimicrobial drug usage in sick horses, by describing ancillary diagnostic aids that can help establishing whether or not an infection is present; listing commonly encountered pathogens and their typical antimicrobial drug sensitivity patterns; and highlighting clinically important characteristics of antimicrobial drugs, such as volume of distribution, tissue penetration and side effects.
Glucocorticoids and laminitis: a real risk?
Authors: Knowles Edd
Published: September 2018

The relationship between glucocorticoids and laminitis has been a long-standing area of fear, debate and controversy. Evidence continues to emerge that supports clinicians' observations that risk is not uniform across the equine population, and that risk varies between different glucocorticoid preparations, their doses and durations of treatment. In a healthy adult horse, with no previous history of laminitis and without other laminitis risk factors, the risk that therapeutic glucocorticoid use (at commonly used doses) will result in laminitis can be considered negligible or absent. However, in horses with pre-existing laminitis risk factors, in particular those with a previous history of laminitis, a higher degree of risk is likely and should be weighed against the therapeutic benefits of glucocorticoid treatment. Further studies are required to assess the value of screening for insulin dysregulation prior to therapeutic glucocorticoid use, and to understand the relative risks of different glucocorticoid preparations, doses and routes of administration.
Evaluation of Pediatrician Adherence to the American Academy of Pediatrics Health Supervision Guidelines for Down Syndrome
Authors: O'Neill Meghan E. , Ryan Alexandra , Kwon Soyang , Binns Helen J.
Published: September 2018

The American Academy of Pediatrics's guideline on health supervision for children with Down syndrome (DS) offers pediatricians guidance to improve detection of comorbid conditions. Pediatrician adherence has not yet been comprehensively evaluated. Medical records of 31 children with DS who received primary care at two urban academic clinic sites from 2008–2012 were reviewed. Data was extracted on adherence to age-specific individual guideline components for each subject by year-of-life (total 84 years-of-life). Overall adherence across all components was 83% (2001 guideline) and 67% (2011 guideline). Adherence to thyroid, hearing, vision, and developmental components was >85%, and anticipatory guidance regarding atlantoaxial instability and sexuality was <35%. Overall adherence was higher when a subject was younger and when a provider was an attending-level pediatrician.
Identifying Needs-Based Groupings Among People Accessing Intellectual Disability Services
Authors: Painter Jon , Ingham Barry , Trevithick Liam , Hastings Richard P. , Roy Ashok
Published: September 2018

There is increasing emphasis on needs-led service provision for people with intellectual disability (ID). This study outlines the statistical cluster analysis of clinical data from 1,692 individuals accessing secondary care ID services in the United Kingdom (U.K.) Using objective needs assessment data from a newly developed ID assessment tool, six clusters were identified. These had clinical face validity and were validated using six concurrently (but independently) rated tools. In keeping with previous studies, the clusters varied in terms of overall level of need as well as specific clinical features (autism spectrum disorder, mental health problems, challenging behaviors and physical health conditions). More work is now needed to further develop these clusters and explore their utility for planning, commissioning and optimizing needs-led services.
Systematic Review of Interventions Involving Aided AAC Modeling for Children With Complex Communication Needs
Authors: Biggs Elizabeth E. , Carter Erik W. , Gilson Carly B.
Published: September 2018

Building the communicative competence of individuals who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) requires intervention and support. This systematic review examined experimental studies involving aided AAC modeling to promote the expressive communication of children and youth (i.e., birth to age 21) with complex communication needs. A search yielded 48 studies involving 267 participants. Interventions were categorized according to three different approaches to aided AAC modeling—augmented input, models as prompts, and models within instructional demonstrations. Although the procedures varied, interventions were generally effective at improving diverse measures of expressive communication. This review provides insight for both researchers and practitioners by describing interventions involving three distinct approaches to aided AAC modeling, highlighting areas needing future research, and offering implications for practice.
Dynamic blood flow phantom with negative and positive photoacoustic contrasts
Authors: Jawad Hind J. , Sarimollaoglu Mustafa , Biris Alexandru S. , Zharov Vladimir P.
Published: September 2018

In vivo photoacoustic (PA) flow cytometry (PAFC) has great clinical potential for early, noninvasive diagnosis of cancer, infections (e.g., malaria and bacteremia), sickle anemia, and cardiovascular disorders, including stroke prevention through detection of circulating white clots with negative PA contrast. For clinical applications, this diagnostic platform still requires optimization and calibration. We have already demonstrated that this need can be partially addressed by in vivo examination of large mouse blood vessels, which are similar to human vessels used. Here, we present an alternative method for PAFC optimization that utilizes novel, clinically relevant phantoms resembling pigmented skin, tissue, vessels, and flowing blood. This phantom consists of a scattering-absorbing medium with a melanin layer and plastic tube with flowing beads to model light-absorbing red blood cells (RBCs) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs), as well as transparent beads to model white blood cells and clots. Using a laser diode, we demonstrated the extraordinary ability of PAFC to dynamically detect fast-moving mimic CTCs with positive PA contrast and white clots with negative PA contrast in an RBC background. Time-resolved detection of the delayed PA signals from blood vessels demonstrated complete suppression of the PA background from the modeled pigmented skin. This novel, medically relevant, dynamic blood flow phantom can be used to calibrate and maintain PAFC parameters for routine clinical applications.
Optimization of Substrate and Starter Cell Concentrations for Dibenzothiopene Biodegradation by Indigeneous Marine Bacteria Mauricauda olearia LBF-1-0009, Alcanivorax xenomutants LBF-1-0018, and Stakelama pacifica LBF-1-0031
Authors: Yetti Elvi , Thontowi Ahmad , Yopi Yopi
Published: September 2018

Dibenzothiophene (DBT) and its derivatives have been widely used as model organic sulfur compounds in petroleum, included their biodegradation process. The abilities of microorganisms to degrade pollutants are significantly influenced by various factors such as microbial species, nutrients and environmental parameters. In this research, we carried out further study to determine optimal condition for DBT biodegradation regarding with substrate and strains cell concentration by several indigenous marine bacteria from Indonesia. These three isolates were belong to Mauricauda olearia, Alcanivorax xenomutants, and Stakelama pacifica, with homology result 99% each. Optimal dibenzothiophene as substrate reached by all isolates is 100 ppm, while cell concentration or microbial numbers that gave highest growth for all isolates is 20 based on conversion of OD600 nm measurement.
EFECTO DE DISTINTOS SISTEMAS DE PRODUCCIÓN Y FORMAS DE SUJECIÓN SOBRE LAS PÉRDIDAS POSCOSECHA EN ACELGA (BETA VULGARIS L. VAR. CICLA L.)
Authors: GRASSO R. , ROTONDO R. , ORTIZ MACKINSON M. , MONDINO M. , CALANI P. , BALABAN D. , VITA LARRIEU E. , TORRES P.
Published: September 2018

El trabajo se realizó en la FCA-UNR en otoño, invierno y primavera, con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de los sistemas de producción, forma de sujeción y días de almacenamiento sobre el rendimiento y las pérdidas poscosecha. El ensayo se realizó teniendo en cuenta tres factores: 1) sistemas de producción: invernadero (I), media sombra (MS), manta fl otante (MF) y campo (C), 2) formas de sujeción: manojo (A) y granel (G) y 3) días de almacenamiento. Las variables medidas fueron: rendimiento, materia seca, pérdida de peso por descarte y por agua e índice de color. En las tres épocas, I obtuvo el mayor rendimiento y menor contenido de materia seca. I y MF obtuvieron las menores pérdidas de peso por descarte en otoño; en invierno y otoño aumentan con los días de almacenamiento. I y MF registraron las menores pérdidas de peso por agua en otoño en los días 3 y 6 de almacenamiento. La acelga mostró una tendencia hacia el verde amarillento en MF en otoño, C en invierno e I en primavera, en todos los días de almacenamiento.
THE PLACE OF STRONTIUM RANELATE IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH OSTEOPOROSIS (RESULTS OF THE MARC PROGRAM)
Authors: Nikitinskaya O. A. , Toroptsova N. V. , Nasonov E. L.
Published: September 2018

Strontium ranelate (SR) that has a proven efficacy in reducing the risk of fractures and in increasing bone mineral density is currently recommended as a second choice drug for the treatment of severe osteoporosis (OP) in postmenopausal women and elderly men. Subjects and methods. In 2014–2015, a survey within the framework of the MARC program (The Use of Antiosteoporotic Drugs in Real Clinical Practice) was conducted in 1799 OP patients aged 25 to 92 years, who had been treated for this disease for at least one year. Among the respondents, there were 1696 people aged 50 years and older (mean age, 64±7 years; disease duration, 2.7±2.4 years) (86% women and 14% men) who were the subjects of this survey. Adherence to performed antiosteoporotic therapy was evaluated within the last 12 months before the survey by the following parameters: which drug had been taken; the number of packages used, treatment gaps and compliance with the treatment regimen. Results and discussion. The survey of the patients included in the study showed that 19% of them had received SR at any time over the course of the disease, and 8% had taken the drug within the year preceding the survey. Thus, SR remains a popular drug in real clinical practice for the treatment of severe OP in patients with no history of coronary heart disease, uncontrolled hypertension, cerebrovascular diseases, peripheral artery disease, and a predisposition to thrombosis and thromboembolism.
MACROPHAGE FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Gerasimova E. V. , Popkova T. V.
Published: September 2018

Одна из актуальных и развивающихся проблем современной медицинской науки – поражение сердечно-сосудистой системы, обусловленное атеросклеротическим поражением сосудов, у больных с иммуновоспалительными ревматическими заболеваниями (РЗ). Ревматоидный артрит (РА) – заболевание с известно высоким кардиоваскулярным риском. Установлено, что основная причина высокой преждевременной смертности при РА связана с сердечно-сосудистыми осложнениями, обусловленными ускоренным прогрессированием атеросклероза. Распространенность субклинических и клинических проявлений атеросклероза при РА составляет 35–59%. Наиболее часто ССО развиваются у больных РА с низким или умеренным кардиоваскулярным риском, но с высокой клинико-иммунологической активностью болезни. Привлекает внимание схожесть механизмов иммунопатогенеза классических РЗ и хронического low-grade воспаления при атеросклерозе. По современным представлениям, хроническое воспаление, развитие которого связывают с неконтролируемой активацией как врожденного, так и приобретенного иммунитета, играет фундаментальную роль на всех стадиях аутоиммунных РЗ и атеросклеротического процесса. Среди многочисленных «иммунных» клеток и медиаторов, участвующих в иммунопатогенезе как РА, так и атеросклероза, важное место занимают моноциты-макрофаги и цитокины, продуцируемые ими. Дисбаланс между M1- и M2-фенотипами макрофагов рассматривается в качестве одной из причин развития РА. Определена важная роль М1-макрофагов, продуцирующих два основных «провоспалительных» цитокина – интерлейкин 6 (ИЛ6) и ИЛ23, – в поддержании ревматоидного воспаления. Проводятся поиски возможных механизмов возникновения дизрегуляции М1/М2-макрофагов при воспалении. Изучение ключевого патогенетического фактора в развитии аутоиммунного и атеросклеротического воспаления – активированных моноцитов-макрофагов – не только углубит знания о патогенезе хронического воспаления, но и позволит расширить представления о патогенетическом и предиктивном значении «клеточных» маркеров и перевести на качественно новый уровень раннюю диагностику атеросклеротического поражения при РА.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT-ONSET STILL’S DISEASE IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Authors: Lebedeva V. V. , Muravyev Yu. V.
Published: September 2018

The review gives an update on adult-onset Still’s disease: on its causes, the specific features of its pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical presentations (with identification of subtypes), and treatment with consideration for the nature of the course of the disease and life-threatening complications.
Evaluación de impacto ambiental de la cantera “La Represa”, en la provincia de San Luis, Argentina
Authors: Marchevsky Natalia Judith , Giubergia Andrea Alejandra , Ponce Néstor Hugo
Published: September 2018

Contexto: Los estudios de impacto ambiental (EIA) constituyen herramientas importantes puesto que permiten pronosticar las consecuencias que tiene el desarrollo de una actividad extractiva en el entorno donde se localiza. El objetivo de este trabajo es adelantar la evaluación ambiental de la cantera de piedra laja La Represa, ubicada en la provincia de San Luis, Argentina.Método: Se utilizó una matriz de doble entrada que permite estimar los impactos ambientales en el medio receptor. Dicha matriz considera determinadas cualidades de los pasivos ambientales que se introducen en una función para generar un índice denominado importancia del pasivo ambiental (IM). Mediante la comparación de estos índices es posible determinar los impactos ambientales que resultan críticos para el entorno estudiado.Resultados: El análisis efectuado permitió determinar que el paisaje es el único elemento ambiental que tiene una afectación negativa crítica en inmediaciones de la explotación de la cantera. No obstante, se evidenció un importante mejoramiento en la calidad de vida de los pobladores de la zona a partir de este emprendimiento minero.Conclusiones: La explotación de piedra laja es primordial para la manutención de varias familias en la localidad de Riocito. Sin embargo, es conveniente tomar medidas que puedan amortizar la afectación paisajística en el lugar. Este trabajo propone algunas opciones de remediación y restauración que podrían implementarse durante y al finalizar la operación.
Nonlinear dynamics of open quantum systems
Authors: Samarin Alexey Yur'evich
Published: September 2018

С помощью интегрального волнового уравнения с ядром оператора эволюции в виде интеграла по траекториям рассматривалось изменение волновой функции замкнутой системы, состоящей из двух подсистем.
Предполагалось, что одной из подсистем системы является квантовая частица. На основе интегрального волнового уравнения для замкнутой системы описана динамика матрицы плотности этой частицы и выведено соответствующее уравнение. Это нелинейное уравнение зависит от предыстории эволюции всей замкнутой системы. Показано, что в процессе эволюции открытой квантовой системы в общем случае не сохраняется след матрицы плотности и необходима процедура нормировки следа, которая в данном случае является математическим образом реально существующего нелокального физического процесса. В качестве иллюстрации этого предположения представлено описание нелокальных явлений коллапса волновой функции при измерении и ЭПР-корреляции.
Критерий однозначной разрешимости спектральной задачи Дирихле
для одного класса многомерных гиперболо-параболических уравнений
Authors: Алдашев Серик Аймурзаевич , Aldashev Serik Aimurzaevich
Published: September 2018

В цилиндрической области евклидова пространства для одного класса многомерного
гиперболо-параболических уравнений рассматривается
спектральная задача Дирихле с однородными краевыми условиями. Решение ищется в виде разложения по многомерным сферическим функциям. Доказаны теоремы существования и единственности решения. Получены условия однозначной разрешимости поставленной задачи, которые существенно зависят от высоты цилиндра.
OLTPshare
Authors: Rehrmann Robin , Binnig Carsten , Böhm Alexander , Kim Kihong , Lehner Wolfgang , Rizk Amr
Published: September 2018

In the past, resource sharing has been extensively studied for OLAP workloads. Naturally, the question arises, why studies mainly focus on OLAP and not on OLTP workloads? At first sight, OLTP queries - due to their short runtime - may not have enough potential for the additional overhead. In addition, OLTP workloads do not only execute read operations but also updates. In this paper, we address query sharing for OLTP workloads. We first analyze the sharing potential in real-world OLTP workloads. Based on those findings, we then present an execution strategy, called OLTPShare that implements a novel batching scheme for OLTP workloads. We analyze the sharing benefits by integrating OLTPShare into a prototype version of the commercial database system SAP HANA. Our results show for different OLTP workloads that OLTPShare enables SAP HANA to provide a significant throughput increase in high-load scenarios compared to the conventional execution strategy without sharing.
BTrim
Authors: Gurajada Aditya , Gala Dheren , Zhou Fei , Pathak Amit , Ma Zhan-Feng
Published: September 2018

To address the need for extreme OLTP performance on commodity multi-core hardware supporting large amounts of memory, SAP ASE is re-architected to tightly integrate an In-Memory Row Store (IMRS) within the existing database engine. The IMRS is both a store and a caching layer to host "hot" rows in-memory, in a row-oriented format. The IMRS is an extension to the traditional buffer-cache which deals with data in a page-oriented storage format (referred to as the page-store). Data in individual tables marked as IMRS-enabled can be fully memory-resident or can straddle the page store and the IMRS. Cold data in the IMRS is organically identified, harvested, and "packed" back to the page store. SQL statements and transactions can access data transparently from both stores for the same table. All Transact-SQL capabilities and language constructs are supported with no application or stored procedure code changes required. Full durability for in-memory data is provided, including support for backup and restore of database archives and periodic transaction dumps.

The high-level system design supporting this architecture, along with experimental results and performance benefits is presented.
Sherlock
Authors: S. Avinesh P. V. , Hättasch Benjamin , Özyurt Orkan , Binnig Carsten , Meyer Christian M.
Published: September 2018

There exists an ever-growing set of data-centric systems that allow data scientists of varying skill levels to interactively manipulate, analyze and explore large structured data sets. However, there are currently not many systems that allow data scientists and novice users to interactively explore large unstructured text document collections from heterogeneous sources.

In this demo paper, we present a new system for interactive text summarization called Sherlock. The task of automatically producing textual summaries is an important step to understand a collection of multiple topic-related documents. It has many real-world applications in journalism, medicine, and many more. However, none of the existing summarization systems allow users to provide feedback at interactive speed. We therefore integrate a new approximate summarization model into Sherlock that can guarantee interactive speeds even for large text collections to keep the user engaged in the process.
FASTER
Authors: Chandramouli Badrish , Prasaad Guna , Kossmann Donald , Levandoski Justin , Hunter James , Barnett Mike
Published: September 2018

Over the last decade, there has been a tremendous growth in data-intensive applications and services in the cloud. Data is created on a variety of edge sources such as devices, and is processed by cloud applications to gain insights or make decisions. These applications are typically update intensive and involve a large amount of state beyond what can fit in main memory. However, they display significant temporal locality in their access pattern. We demonstrate F
aster
, a new key-value store that combines a latch-free concurrent hash index with a
hybrid log
: a concurrent log-structured record store that spans main memory and storage, while supporting fast in-place updates in memory. F
aster
achieves up to orders-of-magnitude better throughput than systems deployed widely today. It is built as an embedded high-level language component using dynamic code generation, and can work with any storage back-end such as local SSD or cloud storage. Our demonstration focuses on: (1) the ease with which cloud applications and state stores can deeply integrate state management into their high-level language logic at low overhead; and (2) the innovative system design and the resulting high performance, adaptability to varying memory capacities, durability, and natural caching properties of our system.
PTrider
Authors: Chen Lu , Gao Yunjun , Liu Zixian , Xiao Xiaokui , Jensen Christian S. , Zhu Yifan
Published: September 2018

Ridesharing is popular among travellers because it can reduce their travel costs, and it also holds the potential to reduce travel time, congestion, air pollution, and overall fuel consumption. Existing ridesharing systems (e.g., lyft, uberPOOL) often offer each traveler only one choice that aims to minimize system-wide vehicle travel distance or time. In this demonstration, we present a price-and-time-aware ridesharing system, termed as PTRider, which provides more options. It considers both pick-up time and price, so that travellers are able to choose the vehicle matching their preferences best. To answer the ridesharing request in real time, PTRider builds indexes on the road network and vehicles separately, and utilizes corresponding efficient matching methods. A real-life dataset that contains 432,327 trips extracted from 17,000 Shanghai taxis for one day (May 29, 2009) is used to demonstrate that PTRider can return various options for every ridesharing request in real time.
RuDiK
Authors: Ortona Stefano , Meduri Venkata Vamsikrishna , Papotti Paolo
Published: September 2018

RuDiK is a system for the discovery of declarative rules over knowledge-bases (KBs). RuDiK discovers both
positive
rules, which identify relationships between entities, e.g., "if two persons have the same parent, they are siblings", and
negative
rules, which identify data contradictions, e.g., "if two persons are married, one cannot be the child of the other". Rules help domain experts to curate data in large KBs. Positive rules suggest new facts to mitigate incompleteness and negative rules detect erroneous facts. Also, negative rules are useful to generate negative examples for learning algorithms. RuDiK goes beyond existing solutions since it discovers rules with a more
expressive rule language
w.r.t. previous approaches, which leads to wide coverage of the facts in the KB, and its mining is robust to existing
errors and incompleteness in the KB.
The system has been deployed for multiple KBs, including Yago, DBpedia, Freebase and Wiki-Data, and identifies new facts and real errors with 85% to 97% accuracy, respectively. This demonstration shows how RuDiK can be used to interact with domain experts. Once the audience pick a KB and a predicate, they will add new facts, remove errors, and train a machine learning system with automatically generated examples.
The return of jedAI
Authors: Papadakis George , Tsekouras Leonidas , Thanos Emmanouil , Giannakopoulos George , Palpanas Themis , Koubarakis Manolis
Published: September 2018

JedAI is an Entity Resolution toolkit that can be used in three ways:
(i)
as an open-source library that combines state-of-the-art methods into a plethora of end-to-end workflows,
(ii)
as a user-friendly desktop application with a wizardlike interface that provides complex, out-of-the-box solutions even to lay users, and
(iii)
as a workbench for comparing the performance of numerous workflows over both structured and semi-structured data. Here, we present its significant upgrade, JedAI 2.0, which enhances the original version in three important respects:
(i) time efficiency
, as the running time has been drastically reduced with the use of high performance data structures and multi-core processing,
(ii) effectiveness
, since we enriched its library with more established methods, a new layer that exploits loose schema binding as well as the automatic, data-driven configuration of individual methods or entire workflows, and
(iii)
usability
, as the GUI now enables users to manually configure any method based on concrete guidelines, to store the matching results into any of the supported data formats and to visually explore both input and output data.
Provenance summaries for answers and non-answers
Authors: Lee Seokki , Ludäscher Bertram , Glavic Boris
Published: September 2018

Explaining why an answer is (not) in the result of a query has proven to be of immense importance for many applications. However, why-not provenance, and to a lesser degree also why-provenance, can be very large, even for small input datasets. The resulting scalability and usability issues have limited the applicability of provenance. We present
PUG
, a system for why and why-not provenance that applies a range of novel techniques to overcome these challenges. Specifically, PUG limits provenance capture to what is relevant to explain a (missing) result of interest and uses an efficient sampling-based
summarization
method to produce compact explanations for (missing) answers. Using two real-world datasets, we demonstrate how a user can draw meaningful insights from explanations produced by PUG.
REGAL
+
Authors: Tan Wei Chit , Zhang Meihui , Elmeleegy Hazem , Srivastava Divesh
Published: September 2018

The goal of query reverse engineering is to re-generate the SQL query that produced a given result from some known database. The problem has many real world applications where users need to better understand the lineage and trustworthiness of various data reports even when the authors of those reports are no longer reachable or are unable to provide the required explanations anymore. It gets more challenging as the complexities of both the query and database schema increase. Prior work has addressed the reverse engineering of constrained types of SQL queries and sometimes on constrained schemas, such as single-table schemas. In this demonstration, we present a framework called REGAL
+
, which builds upon, and extends prior work to enable the discovery of Select-Project-Join-Aggregation (SPJA) queries over arbitrary schemas. Without any prior schema knowledge or SQL expertise, the user only needs to upload a data report (e.g., as a spreadsheet), and the system will automatically compute and display the queries capable of generating that report from the database.
Fault-tolerance for distributed iterative dataflows in action
Authors: Xu Chen , Lemaitre Rudi Poepsel , Soto Juan , Markl Volker
Published: September 2018

Distributed dataflow systems (DDS) are widely employed in graph processing and machine learning (ML), where many of these algorithms are iterative in nature. Typically, DDS achieve fault-tolerance using checkpointing mechanisms or they exploit algorithmic properties to enable fault-tolerance without the need for checkpoints. Recently, for graph processing, we proposed utilizing
unblocking checkpointing
, to parallelize the execution pipeline and checkpoint writing, as well as
confined recovery
, to enable fast recovery upon partial node failures. Furthermore, for ML algorithms implemented using broadcast variables, we proposed utilizing
replica recovery
, to leverage broadcast variable replicas and facilitate failure recovery checkpointing-free. In this demonstration, we showcase these fault-tolerance techniques using Apache Flink. Attendees will be able to: (i) run representative iterative algorithms including PageRank, Connected Components, and K-Means, (ii) explore the internal behavior of DDS under the influence of unblocking checkpointing, and (iii) trigger failures, to observe the effects of confined recovery and replica recovery.
Questpro
Authors: Abramovitz Efrat , Deutch Daniel , Gilad Amir
Published: September 2018

We propose to demonstrate QuestPro, a prototype interactive system aimed at allowing non-expert users to specify SPARQL queries. Notably, QuestPro makes an extensive use of provenance in deriving the SPARQL queries, in two ways. First, we ask users to provide example output nodes
along with explanations
that are then treated as the provenance of the underlying query, guiding the system's search for a fitting query. We have designed an intuitive interface through which users can gradually build their explanations while understanding the connections between the different objects. The system then generates a set of candidate queries and uses provenance to explain each candidate, prompting user feedback to choose between them. We will demonstrate the usability of QuestPro using an ontology of academic publications, engaging the audience in the interactive process while explaining the under-the-hood model and algorithms.