bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of the Anti-seizure and Antiepileptic Effects and Mechanisms of Piperine
Authors: Rahimi-Dehkordi Nasim , Heidari-Soureshjani Saeid , Rostamian Sahar
Published: July 2024

Introduction and Aim:

Seizures due to epilepsy in any form cause a wide range of
problems in a patient's physical, psychological, and social health. This study aimed to investigate
piperine's anti-seizure and antiepileptic effects and mechanisms.

Methods:

In this systematic review study, which was conducted according to the principles of
PRISMA 2020, the initial search was conducted on November 2, 2023, using EndNote software.
Various databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus were
searched using specific keywords. After screening the articles, a form was designed according to
the objectives of the study, and the information related to the included articles was entered in the
form, and the studies were reviewed.

Results:

Piperine showed its antiepileptic activity by affecting the brain's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,
and anti-apoptotic activity. It also, by modulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic activity, can control seizures. In addition, piperine
can help treat seizures and epilepsy by elevating 5-HT levels in the brain, modulating astrocyte
and microglia function, modulatory effects on Ca2+ and NA+ channels, increasing antiepileptic
drugs bioavailability and influencing protein and gene expression.

Conclusion:

In vivo and in vitro studies showed beneficial effects on treating epilepsy. Although
clinical studies also showed similar results, these needed to be increased, and more clinical studies
needed to be designed in this field.
Simulation and Analysis of Pressure Waves in Flow Channels of Axial and Radial Gas Wave Ejectors
Authors: Haoran Li , Yiming Zhao , Dapeng Hu
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

As an efficient energy transfer technology, the gas wave ejector (GWE)
holds several patents poised to address the challenges of low-carbon energy. These patents find applications
in numerous fields. Traditional axial-flow GWE patents encounter limitations under certain
application conditions, whereas radial-flow GWE patents offer an effective solution to these
issues. However, the mechanisms behind the performance differences between these two types of
GWEs have not yet been studied.

Objective:

Since pressure waves are central to energy transfer in wave rotors, this study analyzes the
coupling effects of centrifugal forces and pressure waves. By examining the differences in pressure
wave intensity and propagation velocity within two types of wave rotor channels, the mechanisms
underlying the performance disparities are elucidated.

Method:

Fluent was utilized for numerical simulations, and Response Surface Methodology was
employed to model the influence of various factors.

Result and Discussion:

It can be observed that the propagation velocity and intensity of pressure
waves changed under the influence of centrifugal forces. The propagation velocities of S1 and E2,
which propagate in the same direction as the fluid flow within the rotor, increase 9% and 32% respectively,
whereas the propagation speed of E1, which propagates in the opposite direction of the
fluid flow, decreases 15%. Regarding the intensity of each pressure wave, the coupling effect of
centrifugal force resulted in an increase of 1.04 to 2.55 kPa. This paper is the first to fit a relational
expression for the speed differential of pressure wave propagation within axial and radial flow channels,
correlating the main pressure wave velocities (S1, E1, E2) with flow channel length, rotational
speed, compression ratio, and expansion ratio, thus providing a reference for GWE design and analysis.
Through analysis of variance and significance tests, it is evident that each parameter significantly
contributes to the fitting degree of the pressure wave propagation velocity difference (p < 0.01). Furthermore,
the inadequacy test (F-value=2.36~3.56) suggests a low level of discrepancy.

Conclusion:

The fundamental reason for the performance disparity between the two types of gas
wave ejectors (GWE) lies in the discrepancies in pressure wave intensity and propagation velocity
resulting from centrifugal force effects. Based on the fitted relationships, theoretical foundations can
be provided for subsequent wave rotor design and performance analysis. For example, the differences
in pressure wave propagation speed can inform the design and analysis of corresponding pressure
ports.
Positive Regulation of Osteoblast Proliferation and Differentiation in MC3T3- E1 Cells by 7,3′,4′-Trimethoxyflavone
Authors: Fayyaz Sharmeen , tul-Wahab Atia , Taj Bushra , Iqbal Choudhary M.
Published: July 2024

Objectives:

Increasing ratio of bone fragility, and susceptibility to fractures constitutes a major health problem worldwide. Therefore, we aimed to identify new
compounds with a potential to increase proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts.

Methods:

Cellular and molecular assays, such as ALP activity, alizarin staining, and flow cytometry were employed to check the effect of TMF on
osteogenesis. Moreover, gene expression analysis of certain important genes and transcriptional factors was also performed.

Results:

Our findings report for the first time that 7,3′,4′-trimethoxyflavone is capable of enhancing proliferation, and differentiation in osteoblast cells.
Results from flow cytometry analysis also indicated that TMF increases the number of cells in S-phase. Furthermore, treatment with TMF altered
the expression of osteogenic genes, OCN and Axin-2 indicating possible activation of Wnt signaling pathway.

Conclusion:

Taken together, this study identified that 7,3′,4′-trimethoxyflavone has the potential to enhance osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, possibly
due to the activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Thus, demonstrating TMF as naturally occurring agent to promote osteogenesis and prevention of
bone fragility, and related disorders.
Introduction: Thermal Spray Coatings and their Historical Developments
Authors: Kant Shashi
Published: July 2024

Thermal spray coatings are a method of surface modification in which
various metallic and non-metallic materials are sprayed in molten, semi-molten, or
even solid state on a prepared substrate. The coating material is present in two forms:
wire or powder. The most common thermal spraying techniques include cold spray,
electric arc spray, plasma spray, detonation gun spray, flame spray, and high-velocity
oxy-fuel spray. The coating's thickness, which is calculated in millimeters or microns
and has distinguishing features from the base material's surface, is acceptable in many
industrial sectors and is ideal for on-site industrial applications. These processes also
offer affordable solutions in many industrial sectors and are capable of providing
surface modification approaches with enhanced surface properties comprising better
texture and high mechanical strength in terms of hardness, scratch resistance, and
porosity. This chapter presents the evolution of coatings developed during the last few
decades using various coating processes and materials for the protection of service
components. Coating measures are developed for use in thermal power plants, gas
steam, and the automotive industry for the treatment of components, able to work in
harsh environments of flue gases and chemicals.
Immunopathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and other Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Shukla Ajay Kumar , Yadav Vimal Kumar , Srivastava Ankur , Dwivedi Deepti , Singh Satya Prakash
Published: July 2024

 Neurodegenerative diseases are categorized mostly by protein deposits or
known hereditary mechanisms, despite recent studies showing overlap and intraindividual variations in these symptoms. A synergistic interaction between pathological
proteins advises extensive pathogenic pathways. Animal models and other studies have
uncovered the fundamental mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration and cell death,
opening up new avenues for future prevention and therapy plans. A multidomain
therapy approach that emphasizes the underlying reasons why diseases alike
Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, etc. occur. Neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's
disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are becoming far more common in the
Western world. Neuronal inflammation, gut microbiota, extracellular misfolded protein
accumulation, hallmarks of various neurodegenerative nephropathies, and failure of the
systemic and cerebral immune systems are some of the elements that affect the
immunopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Deficits in the ubiquitin
proteasome autophagy system, abnormal protein dynamics brought on by oxidative
stress and free radical formation, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired bioenergetics,
neurotrophins dysfunction, “neuroinflammatory” processes, and (secondary)
distractions of neuronal Golgi apparatus and axonal passage are some of the
fundamental mechanisms that contribute to immunopathogenesis. Long-term
cooperation between these interconnected systems results in programmed cell death. In
this review, we discussed every idea and hypothesis that have been put up on the
pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders.
Immunobiology and Immunotherapies in Huntington's Disease
Authors: Pal Arttatrana , Kumari Golden , Kumar Sonu
Published: July 2024

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative complication
of the brain that causes uncontrolled choreatic movements, memory loss, abnormal
motor function, emotional changes, and a decline in cognition as well as an inability to
perform daily routine tasks. The development of advanced techniques, including
genetics, molecular biology, and genetic engineering, is beginning to discover an
anomalous role of immune modulatory molecules in HD onset and pathophysiological
complications. However, the role of immunoregulatory molecules, which are the key
chemical messengers that mediate intracellular communication to regulate cellular and
nuclear functions in HD pathogenesis, is still being unexplored. Here we present recent
immunological association studies on HD and emerging mechanisms for the
immunotherapies implicated in HD pathogenesis. The implications of immunotherapies
are very critical under both healthy and HD disease conditions. Recently, research
work has established new functional aspects of their pathways. Moreover, we propose
future directions for immune-related research in HD pathogenesis and potential
therapeutic approaches for immune-related therapies.
Interplay Between Gut-microbiota and Neurodegeneration
Authors: Ashique Sumel , Pal Radheshyam , Kumar Shubneesh , Verma Bharti , Kumar Nitish , Kahwa Ivan , Farid Arshad , Mishra Neeraj , Kumar Prashant , Taghizadeh-Hesary Farzad
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The body of scientific evidence linking the microbiome to
many diseases has grown dramatically over the past several years; neurological
diseases have also shown a similar tendency. As a result, the gut-brain axis theory as
well as the notion that there could be a connection between the gut microbiome and
several CNS-related disorders whose pathophysiology is still not known have both
emerged.
Development: We look at the role played by gut microbiomes in the gut-brain axis as
well as the neurological conditions neuromyelitis optica, Alzheimer's, amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's, and multiple sclerosis, where changes in the gut
microbiota have been linked to human studies.Conclusions: The amount of data connecting gut microbiota to different neurological
illnesses has significantly increased. Today, there is no longer any doubt that the gut
microbiota of the host influences brain function. This review assembles a sizable body
of credible research that is essential in emphasizing the crucial role of microbiota
colonization in neurodevelopment and how changes in microbiota dynamics might
have an age-dependent effect on brain function.
Epigenetics as Diagnostic and Therapeutic Tool in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Wasim Rufaida , Mahmood Tarique , Ahsan Farogh , Singh Aditya , Ahmad Asad
Published: July 2024

Epigenetics is a field that is concerned with the investigation of heritable
modifications in gene expression that transpire without DNA sequence alterations,
thereby establishing a connection between the genome and its surroundings.
Epigenetics simply analyzes gene expression amendment beyond variation to the DNA
sequence. The gradual accumulation of epigenetic changes over the course of an
individual's life span may contribute to neurodegeneration. This chapter deals with
epigenetic alteration, which affects the progress of neurodegeneration with age.
Epigenetic regulation, encompassing DNA methylation and histone modification, has
been implicated in the anomalous alterations in gene expression that occur during the
progression of neurodegeneration. The concept of epigenetics is useful to synthesize
novel medications to target these disorders. In recent times, a plethora of epigeneticsbased medications have been developed for the treatment of neurodegenerative
diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's. Due to a major lack of
early screening processes that allow therapeutic agents to be distributed to afflicted
neurons paramount to cell death, many neurological conditions have severely restricted
options for treatment. Significant progress has been seen in neurodegenerative disease
biomarkers. These biomarkers have been unfortunate, due to substantial disparities
amidst the tissues acclimated to source biomarkers and biomarkers of disease.
Neurodegeneration may be exacerbated by epigenetic changes that develop gradually.
Epigenetic biomarkers could aid in the diagnosis, and monitoring, of neurodegenerative
diseases.
Current Therapeutic Options and Repurposed Drugs for Neurodegeneration
Authors: Dhaneshwar Suneela , Bhat Mohammad Aadil , Singh Anuradha , Roy Supriya
Published: July 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases are a vast collection of neurological disorders
with various clinical and pathological manifestations that impact particular subsets of
neurons in distinct functional anatomic systems; they begin for unexplained reasons
and advance inexorably. Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, Friedreich ataxia, and Spinal muscular atrophy are the
major neurodegenerative diseases. The prevalence and incidence of these diseases rise
dramatically with age; thus, the number of cases is expected to increase for the
foreseeable future as life spans in many countries continue to increase. Although there
are several medicines currently approved for managing neurodegenerative disorders, a
large majority of them only help with associated symptoms. The limitations of
pharmacotherapy in these disorders have led to an urgent shift towards the
development of novel compounds, interventions, and methods that target shared
features across the spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases. Drug repurposing is a
novel strategy where existing drugs that have already been approved as safe in patients
for the management of certain diseases are redeployed to treat other, unindicated
diseases. In this chapter, we have covered the current therapeutic options and drugs that
can be repurposed or have the potential to be repurposed for the management of
various neurodegenerative diseases. 
REVIVING YOUR PORCELAIN SMILE: A GUIDE TO INTRAORAL REPAIR OF FIXED PORCELAIN PARTIAL DENTURES: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Pratama Sarwono Aditya , Verena Emeralda Maria , Tandjaja Cynthia
Published: July 2024

Background: Porcelain or ceramic-based materials are popular in dentistry due to their aesthetic appeal and biocompatibility. However, chipping or fractures in fixed partial dentures can disrupt aesthetics and functionality. Intraoral repair offers a cost-effective and time-saving solution. Objective: This study aims to guide practitioners in managing chipping crowns, saving time and costs while ensuring satisfactory outcomes for patients. Method: The review included articles on intraoral repair of porcelain fixed partial dentures, published in peer-reviewed journals, available in English, and including clinical trials, case reports, and reviews. Exclusions were non-dental studies, non-English articles, and studies focusing on temporary restorations. Data on the etiology of chipping, necessary tools, and management steps were collected. Result: Porcelain Fused to Metal (PFM) denture repairs are difficult due to color matching and procedural complexity. Repairing Lithium Disilicate dentures is moderately challenging, requiring meticulous surface preparation. The most complex repairs are for Zirconia-based prostheses, needing specialized equipment and advanced techniques for a durable bond. Conclusion: Intraoral repair techniques provide a quick, precise, and comfortable solution for patients. Understanding the stages of intraoral repair allows clinicians to achieve optimal functional and aesthetic results. Clinicians should evaluate their expertise and resources to select the appropriate technique, with composite resin repairs being the easiest and Zirconia-based repairs the most challenging. This method helps deliver quick and satisfying results, enhancing the longevity and aesthetics of fixed porcelain dentures.
Successful Emergency Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Challenging Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Disease Patient: How to Prepare and Optimize
Authors: Suprayoga Imam Mi'raj , Rohman Mohammad Saifur , Martini Heny , Satrijo Budi
Published: July 2024

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) due to unprotected left main coronary artery disease (ULMCAD) is a relatively uncommon presentation. It represents as the anatomical subset of coronary artery disease (CAD) with the highest risk of atherosclerotic obstructive CAD. In the setting of acute MI, the treatment options are limited in this particular condition. Major advances in the field of PCI have made PCI as a viable option for patients with ULMCAD who are equally suited for CABG or PCI. This study aimed to describe the contemporary evidence PCI for ULMCAD. Case Illustration: A man was admitted to our hospital with crescendo angina accompanied with dyspnea. Electrocardiogram (ECG) showed biphasic t wave on V2-V5 leads. He continued to experience symptoms of ischemia and had increased serial cardiac enzymes. Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) support was implemented before performing the PCI. After eight days of hospitalization, he was discharged with stable hemodynamics. Conclusion: PCI has risks and advantages when performed on patients with complex CAD, including ULMCAD. The prognosis for this high-risk patient group can be improved with thorough preparation and effective treatment strategies. Keyword: Coronary Artery Disease, Myocardial Infarction, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.
In-Vitro Assessment of Free Radical Scavenging Potential of Selected Stem Extracts of Cissus quadrangularis Using Different Solvents
Authors: Kumar Arvind
Published: July 2024

The utilization of Cissus quadrangularis and other medicinal plants in traditional and modern medicine holds promise for the prevention and management of oxidative stress-related maladies. Top of FormThe aim of present work was to assess the free radical scavenging potential of the selected bioactive component of stem extract using different solvent (aqueous, methanol, dichloromethane, acetone and chloroform) of the plant Cissus quadrangularis. Antioxidant activity of the selected phytochemical of stem extract of the plant Cissus quadrangularis were done by Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, DPPH antioxidant power assay and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. The analysis of ferric reducing antioxidant power assay indicate that all tested solvent extract have good antioxidant potential as compare to ascorbic acid which was taken as reference. Acetone extract expressed maximum antioxidant potential with EC50 value 0.17 and chloroform extract expressed minimum antioxidant potential with EC50 value 0.35. The order of ferric reducing antioxidant potential among the tested solvent are as s follow: Acetone > Dichloromethane > Methanol > Aqueous > Chloroform. The results of the present study showed that all the extracts exhibited potent antioxidant activity. The analysis of DPPH antioxidant power assay, HRS antioxidant power assay and Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay indicate that all tested solvent extracts have good antioxidant potential and among the five extracts methanolic, dichloromethane, and acetone extract respectively exhibited higher potency of free radical scavenging activity.
De journalistiek en het vraagstuk van de morele keuze
Authors: Hamelink Cees J.
Published: July 2024

The journalistic profession is challenged by the necessity of moral choice almost daily. The common methods of moral decision making do not provide adequate guidance. Journalistic professional codes are unhelpful in the resolution of moral choices. The core question is how a due process of editorial decision making can be designed. This calls for the exercise of a regular and systematic ‘ethical dialogue’. A due and transparent process of editorial choice is likely to provide protection against interference with journalistic independence. This presumes, however, that media owners and managers allow their staffs adequate space for critical ethical reflection.
Evoluties van sekserollen in de Vlaamse magazinereclame
Authors: Mortelmans Dimitri
Published: July 2024

Advertising is often criticized for confirming and reinforcing existing stereotypes in society. Scientific research in the United States and Britain showed that the representation of women in advertising draws heavily on negative stereotypes, with women often being, portrayed as housewives or indecisive beings. However, studies also showed a slow change in the eighties towards a more realistic, neutral and harmonious imagery of both sexes. This article discusses the way in which advertising representation evolved in Flanders (Belgium). A content analysis identifies the stereotypical portrayal of men and women in Flemish magazine advertisements between 1970 and 1994, showing a significantly different evolution from results found in other research. The developments in the eighties are splitting up in two separate ways of portraying people. On the one hand imagery follows reality and develops new stereotypes. On the other hand, however, some negative stereotypes such as the erotization of men and women show a renewed vigour.
Web electronic publishing: op weg naar een nieuw mediamodel?
Authors: Porteman Piet
Published: July 2024

Online newspapers and news services are a recent and important phenomenon on the World Wide Web. It is a difficult task to define online newspapers and news services. Claiming that electronic publishing is little other than print transferred to the electronic medium is as wrong as saying that electronic publishing is radically different from print. Technological innovations tend to blure the boundaries between the different media domains. In this article we try to place online newspapers in the existing framework of the media by describing their main dimensions and by comparing them with other models of media. Interactivity, multimedia, selection and other new functionalities give online newspapers unique characteristics. Finally we come to a new theoretical media model, the Web Electronic Publishing model.
Politieke schandaalberichtgeving: een communicatie-theoretische benadering
Authors: Snoekcx Jo
Published: July 2024

This article pleads for more attention in the field of communication studies for the working and the role of political scandals, whether it be in a theoretical or empirical way. Political scandals are being analyzed and defined, starting from the classic framework of news selection theory. It is concluded that political scandals generate an enormous public field of tension, that — together with their high newsworthiness — put a great responsibility on the media. For example, the analysis of the historic Watergate case raises significant questions about the role of the media in political scandals and stresses the crucial importance of the relationship source-communicator as a raison d'être of political scandals. Based on this analysis, this article intends to provide a framework for further applied research in the field of political scandals. In this respect, several possible trajectories are indicated.
Publieke televisie als project van de moderniteit: nationale identiteit en opvoeding in de programmatie van de Vlaamse openbare televisie
Authors: Van den Bulck Hilde
Published: July 2024

The aim of this article is to study the way in which public service broadcasting (PSB) - as a typical modernist project of a certain cultural elite - has tried to create and maintain a national identity using a uniform, high culture as a vehicle to ‘educate’ its audience into ‘citizens’ of the community. In particular, our analysis concentrates on the policy in this regard of the Flemish public service television. Our hypothesis is that the (cultural elite within) Flemish PSB - and particularly television - for a long time tried to contribute to the recognition and development of Flemish identity and culture by offering a uniform Flemish culture. An analysis of the programming of Flemish public television between 1953 and 1969 is used to illustrate this.
Beelden van prostituees: De discursieve strijd om de subjectpositie
Authors: Carpentier Nico
Published: July 2024

The conceptual framework of the discourse theory of Laclau and Mouffe and a literature study on prostitution are used to analyse the articulation of the different identities of the prostitute, focussing on the antagonism between the prostitute as an object and the prostitute as a subject. This macro-contextual analysis is related to the micro-contextual content analysis of 319 articles, published in five Flemish newspapers, to show the hegemony of the object oriented discourse. The main nodal point of this discourse - the prostitute as a victim - is articulated in a chain of equivalence with the illegal, foreign or deviant prostitute, with the prostitute as an abstract object of policy, who remains anonymous and is reduced to silence. References to the subject-oriented discourse and its nodal points self-determination and prostitution as labour are a rare occurrence.
Armoe troef?: economische factoren in het Vlaamse televisiefictieaanbod
Authors: Dhoest Alexander
Published: July 2024

TV drama is a culturally important programme category, but the drama supply is strongly ruled by economic determinants. In Flanders, the size of the tv-market influences several characteristics of the drama supply, such as the amount, length, broadcasting time and genre of tv-series. The commercialization of the television landscape has strengthened existing tendencies, the aim of which is to maximalize audiences with minimal investments. In a European perspective, too, market properties partially explain differences in the drama production. Thus, while their importance should not be exaggerated, economic factors turn out to play a determinant role in the structure of the tv drama supply.
A Review of Factors for Successful Childbirth and Return to Sport for Female Elite Athletes
Authors: Yun Hang Goo
Published: July 2024

An increasing number of elite athletes who experience pregnancy and childbirth during their careers and subsequently return to competitive sports is steadily increasing. While general guidelines for physical activity during and after pregnancy exist for the nonathletes and recreational athletes, there is a lack of evidence-based guidelines for high level competitive athletes. As a result, athletes often return to training without adequate support, and some may even choose to give up pregnancy and parenthood. This review aims to examine the factors that influence the healthy pregnancy and successful return to elite sport among female athletes, based on the experiences of those who have navigated this transition successfully and the research in this area. The studies included in this review emphasize the need for an inclusive sports environment, open and supportive systems, and institutional changes and academic research to enable informed decision-making for pregnant and parenting elite athletes. To ensure sufficient recovery time for elite athletes after childbirth and to develop evidence-based return-to-sport programs, as well as provide clear policies and practices for financial and social support, including childcare, collaboration and support from national governments, sports organizations, and associations is crucial.
End-of-Life Skin Changes: Make Sure You Know What They Mean, a Case Study
Authors: Abreu Elsa , Simões Catarina , Figueiredo Rita
Published: July 2024

Skin is the largest organ of the human body. Skin changes can result from natural ageing, as well as from acute or chronic diseases and failure of body systems. Various types of wounds are identified in Palliative Care, and terminal pressure ulcers are often incorrectly classified. This case study highlights the importance of recognizing skin ulcers in patients’ last hours and days of life as a diagnostic indicator for impending death. The first focus of nursing care was pain management and maintaining skin integrity. On the 20th of December 2023, a pressure ulcer was identified on a patient in the sacral region with unknown further characteristics. A skin modification was observed three days later in the neck area, with intense redness and no heat felt. Approximately ten minutes later, several minor purple-type discolorations, like small bruises, appeared on the chest area as a symmetrical mirror image. This change suggested a Trombley-Brennan Terminal Tissue Injury. The patient died 14 hours after the first skin change was observed on the neck. After examining this case study, it becomes clear that it is essential to expand knowledge and actively involve nurses in the accurate assessment and classification of skin changes, especially regarding Kennedy Terminal Ulcers or Trombley-Brennan Terminal Tissue Injuries, as they are indicators of death’s proximity.
Using Social Media to Recruit Participants in Health Care Research: Case Study
Authors: Wright Amy L , Willett Ysabella Jayne , Ferron Era Mae , Kumarasamy Vithusa , Lem Sarah M , Ahmed Ossaid
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a case study describing the use of social media, specifically Facebook and Instagram, as a valuable tool for recruiting participants in community-engaged health care studies. Drawing on the experiences of our team during a qualitative study aiming to understand the needs of Indigenous fathers and Two-Spirit parents as they transition to parenthood, we offer an in-depth exploration of our social media recruitment strategy. This strategy encompasses deliberate content creation and online engagement with local Indigenous community organizations and people. Through the implementation of this recruitment strategy, we successfully recruited 18 Indigenous fathers and 4 Two-Spirit parents to our community-engaged project. We learned that social media can be used to enhance recruitment by building community trust, engagement, tailored content for specific audiences, and adaptive strategies guided by data metrics provided by social media platforms. Our journey included several challenges, such as dealing with fraudulent participants, navigating budget and resource constraints, and facing recruitment limitations, which we also describe in detail. Our paper provides essential insights for researchers considering the use of social media as a recruitment tool but we are unsure of how to begin. Health care researchers may find our experience and recommendations helpful for developing and implementing their own effective social media recruitment strategy. Meanwhile, sharing our experience contributes to the broader understanding of the role of social media in participant recruitment.
Effectiveness of Digital Health on Psychological Well-being in Parents of Children with Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Yang Xiaoyu , Jiang Shanshan , Wang Rong , Li Pan , Yu Xinying
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Digital health has shown significant potential in enhancing the psychological health of parents whose children are diagnosed with cancer. The aim was to evaluate its effectiveness in addressing PTSD, anxiety, depression, and stress among these parents.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess the efficacy of DHT in addressing post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, and stress among parents of children with cancer.

METHODS

RCTs were reviewed in six electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, and CINAHL Plus, from inception to March 2024.

RESULTS

Six RCTs were conducted. The meta-analysis revealed that digital health technologies improved PTSD [SMD= -0.35, 95%CI -0.66, -0.03], anxiety [SMD= -0.42, 95%CI -0.71, -0.13], and depression [SMD= -0.55, 95% CI -0.83, -0.27] among parents of children with cancer. Only one study assessed the stress outcomes, precluding a meta-analysis. Except for unstable sensitivity analysis results for PTSD, other findings were stable.

CONCLUSIONS

Digital health demonstrates promise in ameliorating post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression among parents of children with cancer, although its efficacy in mitigating stress remains unclear.
Training Service Users in the Use of Telehealth: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Galvin Emer , Desselle Shane , Gavin Blánaid , McNicholas Fiona , Cullinan Shane , Hayden John
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

The use of telehealth has rapidly increased, yet some populations may be disproportionally excluded from accessing and using this modality of care. Training service users in telehealth may increase accessibility for certain groups. The extent and nature of these training activities have not been explored.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this scoping review is to identify and describe activities for training service users in the use of telehealth.

METHODS

Five databases (MEDLINE [via PubMed], Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) were searched in June 2023. Studies that described activities to train service users in the use of synchronous telehealth consultations were eligible for inclusion. Studies that focused on health care professional education were excluded. Papers were limited to those published in the English language. The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for scoping reviews and was reported in line with the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. Titles and abstracts were screened by 1 reviewer (EG). Full texts were screened by 2 reviewers (EG and JH or SC). Data extraction was guided by the research question.

RESULTS

The search identified 8087 unique publications. In total, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. Telehealth training was commonly described as once-off preparatory phone calls to service users before a telehealth visit, facilitated primarily by student volunteers, and accompanied by written instructions. The training content included guidance on how to download and install software, troubleshoot technical issues, and adjust device settings. Older adults were the most common target population for the training. All but 1 of the studies were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, training was feasible and well-received by service users, and studies mostly reported increased rates of video visits following training. There was limited and mixed evidence that training improved participants’ competency with telehealth.

CONCLUSIONS

The review mapped the literature on training activities for service users in telehealth. The common features of telehealth training for service users included once-off preparatory phone calls on the technical elements of telehealth, targeted at older adults. Key issues for consideration include the need for co-designed training and improving the broader digital skills of service users. There is a need for further studies to evaluate the outcomes of telehealth training activities in geographically diverse areas.
Assessing the Accuracy of Smartwatch-Based Estimation of Maximum Oxygen Uptake Using the Apple Watch Series 7: Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Caserman Polona , Yum Sungsoo , Göbel Stefan , Reif Andreas , Matura Silke
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Determining maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) is essential for evaluating cardiorespiratory fitness. While laboratory-based testing is considered the gold standard, sports watches or fitness trackers offer a convenient alternative. However, despite the high number of wrist-worn devices, there is a lack of scientific validation for VO2max estimation outside the laboratory setting.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to compare the Apple Watch Series 7’s performance against the gold standard in VO2max estimation and Apple’s validation findings.

METHODS

A total of 19 participants (7 female and 12 male), aged 18 to 63 (mean 28.42, SD 11.43) years were included in the validation study. VO2max for all participants was determined in a controlled laboratory environment using a metabolic gas analyzer. Thereby, they completed a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer until reaching subjective exhaustion. This value was then compared with the estimated VO2max value from the Apple Watch, which was calculated after wearing the watch for at least 2 consecutive days and measured directly after an outdoor running test.

RESULTS

The measured VO2max (mean 45.88, SD 9.42 mL/kg/minute) in the laboratory setting was significantly higher than the predicted VO2max (mean 41.37, SD 6.5 mL/kg/minute) from the Apple Watch (t18=2.51; P=.01) with a medium effect size (Hedges g=0.53). The Bland-Altman analysis revealed a good overall agreement between both measurements. However, the intraclass correlation coefficient ICC(2,1)=0.47 (95% CI 0.06-0.75) indicated poor reliability. The mean absolute percentage error between the predicted and the actual VO2max was 15.79%, while the root mean square error was 8.85 mL/kg/minute. The analysis further revealed higher accuracy when focusing on participants with good fitness levels (mean absolute percentage error=14.59%; root-mean-square error=7.22 ml/kg/minute; ICC(2,1)=0.60 95% CI 0.09-0.87).

CONCLUSIONS

Similar to other smartwatches, the Apple Watch also overestimates or underestimates the VO2max in individuals with poor or excellent fitness levels, respectively. Assessing the accuracy and reliability of the Apple Watch’s VO2max estimation is crucial for determining its suitability as an alternative to laboratory testing. The findings of this study will apprise researchers, physical training professionals, and end users of wearable technology, thereby enhancing the knowledge base and practical application of such devices in assessing cardiorespiratory fitness parameters.
A Virtual Diabetes Prevention Program tailored to increase participation of Black and Latino Men: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Chambers Earle , Walker Elizabeth , Schechter Clyde , Gil Eric , Browne Terysia , Diaz Katelyn , Gonzalez Jeffrey
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

A clinic-based National Diabetes Prevention Program (NDPP) tailored to Black and Latino men has the potential to address prior limitations of NDPP implementation and reduce gender-based diabetes disparities.

OBJECTIVE

This study was designed to 1) Assess the effect of Power-Up (a men-centered virtual NDPP program) vs. standard care, mixed-gender virtual NDPP on percent weight loss among racial and ethnic minority men at risk for diabetes; 2) Compare engagement of racial and ethnic minority men at risk for diabetes in Power-Up vs. standard care NDPP; and 3) Evaluate the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and costs of Power-Up. We hypothesize that men randomized to Power-Up will achieve significantly greater weight loss (% weight loss from baseline) at 16-weeks and 1-year than men randomized to the standard, mixed-gender NDPP group. Men randomized to Power-Up will also have significantly greater engagement and retention than men randomized to the standard care NDPP.

METHODS

Using the electronic health record (EHR) systems of a large academic medical center and a network of small to medium independent primary care practices throughout New York City, we identified Black and Latino men that meet the eligibility criteria for NDPP.

RESULTS

We enrolled 301 participants through our health system partners. Men were randomized 1:1 to either the Power-Up intervention arm or to a standard, mixed-gender NDPP.

CONCLUSIONS

This manuscript describes the Power-Up trial design and allocation of participants to NDPP groups.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04104243
Emerging Domains for Measuring Healthcare Delivery with Electronic Health Record Metadata (Preprint)
Authors: Tawfik Daniel , Rule Adam , Alexanian Aram , Cross Dori , Holmgren A Jay , Lou Sunny S. , McPeek Hinz Eugenia , Rose Christian , Viswanadham Ratnalekha V. N. , Mishuris Rebecca G. , Rodríguez-Fernández Jorge M. , Ford Eric , Florig Sarah , Sinsky Christine A. , Apathy Nate
Published: July 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

This article aims to introduce emerging measurement domains made feasible through electronic health record (EHR) use metadata, to inform the changing landscape of healthcare delivery. We reviewed domains in which EHR metadata may be used to measure healthcare delivery, outlining a framework for evaluating measures based on desirability, feasibility, and viability. We argue that EHR use metadata may be leveraged to develop and operationalize novel measures in the domains of Team Structure and Dynamics, Workflows, and Cognitive Environment, to provide a clearer understanding of modern healthcare delivery. By enabling measures that can be used to inform the next generation of healthcare delivery, EHR use metadata may be used to improve the quality of patient care and support clinician well-being. Careful attention is needed to ensure these measures are desirable, feasible, and viable.
Improving diet quality of people living with obesity: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial to build effective dietetic service delivery using technology in a primary health care setting (Preprint)
Authors: Kerr Deborah  A , Collins Clare E , Begley Andrea , Mullan Barbara , Dhaliwal Satvinder S , Pulker Claire E , Zhu Fengqing , Fialkowsk Marie , Prince Richard L , Norman Richard , James Anthony P , Aveyard Paul , Mitchell Helen , Garton-Smith Jacquie , Rollo Megan E , Maxwell-Smith Chloe , Hassan Amira , Breare Hayley , Butcher Lucy M , Pollard Christina M
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Almost a third of Australian adults are living with obesity, yet most cannot access medical nutrition therapy from dietitians i.e., the health professionals trained in dietary weight management services. Across the health system, primary care doctors readily identify people who may benefit from weight management services but there are limited referral options in the community. Dietitians are trained to provide evidence informed dietary treatment of overweight and obesity but are underutilized and under-resourced. The chat2 (Connecting Health and Technology 2) trial will test combining new technologies for dietary assessment with behavior change techniques to improve outcomes for people living with obesity.

OBJECTIVE

To compare the effectiveness of a one-year digital dietary intervention with standard care on body weight reduction and improved diet quality, in adults living with obesity delivered by dietitians in a primary care setting.

METHODS

This randomized controlled trial (RCT) will compare a 1-year digital tailored feedback dietary intervention with a control group in 430 adults living with obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥30 to ≤ 45 kg/m2). The primary outcomes measured at a baseline, six and 12 months, are changes in body weight and diet quality score (DQS). A four-day image-based dietary assessment tool (mobile Food Record; mFR) will be used to measure DQS. Secondary outcomes include dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA) body composition, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting glucose. The intervention group will receive eight video counselling sessions with a trained dietitian delivered over 12 months to support dietary behavior change and relapse prevention. Both groups will receive feedback on their clinical chemistry and DXA scans at each timepoint.

RESULTS

Participant recruitment commenced in July 2023 and will end in August 2024. Data analysis will commence in 2025, with the anticipated publication of results in 2026.

CONCLUSIONS

If found to be effective, the results of this RCT will support the delivery of effective evidence-based weight management advice using new technologies. By improving community access to high quality dietetic services, it will ensure more effective utilization of the dietetic workforce to improve outcomes for people living with obesity.

CLINICALTRIAL

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12622000803796.
Study on the Targeting and Practical Path of Cultivating Young Cadres in the Party in the New Era
Authors: Niu Zhiwei
Published: July 2024

The General Secretary has gradually formed a complete theoretical system for cultivating young cadres in the course of long-term observation and reflection, the most important of which is the goal-oriented theory that puts forward clear requirements for young cadres and the specific path and methodology formed through the efforts of party organisations and young cadres, which is a rich and comprehensive theory.The goal of cultivation is a guide for the cultivation of young cadres in the new era, pointing out the direction for the Marxist party to cultivate young cadres. The General Secretary has repeatedly mentioned the standards of good cadres, which include core standards, selection standards, competence standards and service standards. As to how to achieve the cultivation goals, the General Secretary has put forward a number of practical paths encompassing both organizational cultivation and personal struggle. These contents both reflect a lineage and realize breakthrough innovations, making great contributions to the promotion of young cadres' cultivation within the Party in the new era.
Current Situation and Future Development of Intellectual Property Protection in China
Authors: Qin Hongyu
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the current state of intellectual property protection in China and its future development trends, aiming to analyze the legal framework, policy implementation, and judicial practices in this field to reveal the challenges and opportunities faced. Through literature review and case analysis, the study systematically examines the impact of technological innovation on intellectual property protection, comparative international experiences, and future development trends. Key findings include: the continuous improvement of legal regulations, but the growing influence of technological changes on intellectual property protection, such as the new challenges and demands brought by emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and blockchain; at the same time, international cooperation plays a crucial role in enhancing the level of intellectual property protection. The study suggests future policy recommendations including further optimization of the legal framework, strengthening the coordination between technological innovation and intellectual property protection, and promoting international intellectual property cooperation to address complex challenges in the global context. This paper provides valuable insights and strategic measures for advancing the development of China's intellectual property protection system and implementing the country's innovation-driven development strategy.