bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leelamine Is a Novel Lipogenesis Inhibitor in Prostate Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Singh Krishna B. , Hahm Eun-Ryeong , Pore Subrata K. , Singh Shivendra V.
Published: August 2019

Increased de novo synthesis of fatty acids is implicated in the pathogenesis of human prostate cancer, but a safe and effective clinical inhibitor of this metabolic pathway is still lacking. We have shown previously that leelamine (LLM) suppresses transcriptional activity of androgen receptor, which is known to regulate fatty acid synthesis. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate the effect of LLM on fatty acid synthesis. Exposure of 22Rv1, LNCaP, and PC-3 prostate cancer cells, but not RWPE-1 normal prostate epithelial cell line, to LLM resulted in a decrease in intracellular levels of neutral lipids or total free fatty acids. LLM was superior to another fatty acid synthesis inhibitor (cerulenin) for suppression of total free fatty acid levels. LLM treatment downregulated protein and/or mRNA expression of key fatty acid synthesis enzymes, including ATP citrate lyase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, fatty acid synthase, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) in each cell line. Consistent with these in vitro findings, we also observed a significant decrease in ATP citrate lyase and SREBP1 protein expression as well as number of neutral lipid droplets in vivo in 22Rv1 tumor sections of LLM-treated mice when compared with that of controls. LLM-mediated suppression of intracellular levels of total free fatty acids and neutral lipids was partly attenuated by overexpression of SREBP1. In conclusion, these results indicate that LLM is a novel inhibitor of SREBP1-regulated fatty acid/lipid synthesis in prostate cancer cells that is not affected by androgen receptor status.
The “We-Ness”: A Dasein-Analytical Approach to Group Therapy
Authors: Di Petta Gilberto , Tittarelli Danilo
Published: August 2019

Beyond the language of medicine and psychology, the essence of many psychopathological experiences remains something that cannot be explained, even if it is possible to perceive it. Phenomenological language in this case must adapt itself to the heart of the lived experience. The phenomenological attitude, in particular, allows us to grasp something that happens before (a priori) the distinction between subject and object. The application of the phenomenological setting to groups of human beings in a clinical and therapeutic context allows us, in spite of its descriptive-contemplative aura, the extreme richness of potentialities, applicative and transformative, of one of the greatest intuitions of modern thought: the disappearance of the fission between the subject, the others and the world-of-life, in the evidence of meaning that the mutual experience of one’s own presence (Dasein) opens up. The Mitseindoes not represent the only existential structure that makes the Daseinable to exist with others, but the relationship between the “originary temporality” of the Daseinand the other as “you.” Dasein is that entity that is structurally “with” others. And it is in this dynamic relationship that the theme of Sorge unfolds. Care becomes for Heidegger the existential of existential, fundamental ontological structure, indicating the original opening of being, And in this sense, a we-ness-which-cares. This phenomenological approach to group therapy is quite different from the psychoanalytical approach. Indeed, it is based on consciousness and not on the unconscious. The phenomenologist sees the essence of phenomena, he does not use interpretation, whereas the psychoanalyst is more interested in recording the hidden meanings beyond the phenomena. The particular group atmosphere is made up of the following elements: lack of pre-selection, free accessibility into the group unrestricted by rigid rules, less structured actions, the presence of addicts, psychotics and “normal” people side by side. It is very difficult to treat this existential situation, which is characterized by patients frequently dropping out of conventional treatment, the loss of the being-in-the-world structure, boredom, emptiness, dread, anger, lack of meaning, loneliness and isolation. Dasein group analysis (an original interpretation and application of Binswanger’s Daseinsanalyse) is here proposed and discussed. Unlike Dasein analysis, this approach applies phenomenology, beyond the classic pair of therapist and patient, to a group of people, in which everyone is simply a human being in the world.
The Interactive Phenomenal Field and the Life Space: A Sketch of an Ecological Concept of Psychotherapy
Authors: Fuchs Thomas
Published: August 2019

Based on the phenomenology of the body and ecological psychology, this paper introduces a series of concepts that enable us to overcome the still prevailing idea of an inner psyche and a corresponding individualistic view of psychopathology. These concepts are the phenomenal field, lived space, intercorporeality, and body memory; they correspond to an embodied, enactive, and ecological view of the mind. On their basis, psychiatric illnesses may be conceived as relational disorders resulting in various restrictions and impairments of the patient’s lived space. The main tasks of psychotherapy, then, are to use the interactive phenomenal field as a means of restructuring the patient’s relational patterns and to support his or her capacity to engage in more beneficial interactions with others. In this way, phenomenology can valuably contribute to a deeper understanding of the intricate processes of the psychotherapeutic encounter.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОЇ ДЕЗАДАПТАЦІЇ ПАЦІЄНТІВ ІЗ ГАСТРОЕЗОФАГЕАЛЬНОЮ РЕФЛЮКСНОЮ ХВОРОБОЮ
Authors: Martynova Y. Y. , Kharchuk Y. V.
Published: August 2019

Функціонування системи органів травлення, загалом, взаємодіє зі станом психічної сфери людини, тому більшість захворювань шлунково-кишкового тракту відносять до психосоматичної патології. У сучасному розумінні психосоматична медицина є наукою, що вивчає взаємозв’язки між психічними і соматичними процесами. Підвищений інтерес до цієї проблеми можна вважати повністю закономірним, оскільки на практиці доволі часто відхилення від оптимальної життєдіяльності організму, що класифікуються в якості захворювання, стану, реакції або дезадаптації, не можуть пояснюватись виключно у контексті морфологічної будови людини.

Мета дослідження – вивчити порушення психологічної адаптації у пацієнтів із гастроезофагеальною рефлюксною хворобою (ГЕРХ).

Матеріали і методи. Ми оцінювали наявність, вираження, поширення та локалізацію запальної реакції слизової оболонки нижньої третини стравоходу, а також наявність ерозивно-виразкових змін та їх ускладнень. Психологічне обстеження хворих включало індивідуальну бесіду та психодіагностичне тестування за допомогою опитувальників, що допускають кількісну оцінку досліджуваних ознак. Статистичне опрацювання результатів досліджень було здійснено за допомогою методів варіаційної статистики, які реалізувались стандартним пакетом прикладних програм Statistica for Windows 6.0. Порівнювали два середні показники за допомогою t-критерію Стьюдента і непараметричних критеріїв. Водночас розбіжності між середніми показниками вважали вірогідними при досягнутому рівні значимості (р) нижче 0,05.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Під нашим спостереженням перебувало 45 пацієнтів із ГЕРХ. Для верифікації діагнозу ми використовували ендоскопічне дослідження верхніх відділів шлунково-кишкового тракту, яке здійснювали за допомогою гнучких фіброгастроскопів типу Olympus за загальноприйнятою методикою. Серед обстежених були 31 жінка та 14 чоловіків віком 19–70 років, середній вік становив (45,67±2,32) року. Вивчаючи анамнез, ми побачили, що тривалість захворювання коливалась у середньому від 7 місяців до 20 років. Водночас, найчастіше був анамнез від 1 до 5 років (51,1% пацієнтів), а середня тривалість захворювань становила (7,77±1,35) року.

Висновки. За даними Мінесотського багатофакторного особистісного опитувальника (ММРІ), зміни психологічного статусу обстежених хворих на ГЕРХ було виявлено у 76,7 %. Найзначущими з-поміж були: депресія (63,3 %), іпохондрія (43,3 %) та психастенія (20,0 %).
УПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ПРИНЦИПІВ “FAST TRACK SURGERY” В НЕВІДКЛАДНУ ХІРУРГІЮ ОБТУРАЦІЙНОЇ НЕПРОХІДНОСТІ ТОВСТОЇ КИШКИ ПУХЛИННОГО ГЕНЕЗУ
Authors: Ioffe O. Yu. , Stets M. M. , Perepada V. M. , Stetsenko O. P. , Kryvopustov M. S. , Antoniv V. R.
Published: August 2019

Одним із потенційних напрямків поліпшення безпосередніх результатів лікування хворих з обтураційною непрохідністю бластоматозного генезу є інтегрування сучасних досягнень планової колоректальної хірургії у вигляді концепцій “Fast track surgery” або ERAS у хірургічні протоколи надання невідкладної допомоги пацієнтам із даною патологією.

Мета дослідження – поліпшити результати хірургічного лікування хворих з обтураційною непрохідністю товстої кишки бластоматозного генезу шляхом упровадження принципів “Fast track surgery” в алгоритми їх лікування.

Матеріали і методи. Проаналізовані результати лікування 127 пацієнтів з обтураційною непрохідністю товстої кишки пухлинного генезу, які лікувалися в хірургічній клініці Київської міської клінічної лікарні № 3 за період 2009–2018 рр. Хворим виконали ургентні хірургічні втручання із залучанням мультимодальної програми “Fast track surgery”.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Представлено та доведено ефективність застосування окремих елементів мультимодальної програми “Fast track surgery” в невідкладному хірургічному лікуванні зазначеної патології у перед-, інтра- та післяопераційному періодах. Так, використання ультразвукових ножиць Ultracision (“Ethicon”) та апаратів електрозварювання тканин Liga Sure (“Covidien”) та ЕК-300 М1 дозволило скоротити терміни виконання хірургічних втручань з (3,5±0,2) до (1,5±0,4) год. Середній ліжко-день хворих, які одужали, становив (13,4±2,7) доби. Серед групи пацієнтів, яким виконали хірургічні втручання у відтермінованому порядку, летальних випадків не було. Середній ліжко-день становив (8,3±1,8) доби, при цьому в групі хворих, яким в ході лікування застосували лапароскопічні технології, середній ліжко-день становив (5,4±1,3) доби.

Висновки. Застосування елементів “Fast track surgery” в невідкладному хірургічному лікуванні обтураційної непрохідності товстої кишки дало можливість досягти значно нижчого рівня летальності (14 %) та кількості післяопераційних ускладнень, згідно з класифікацією Clavien-Dindo (32 %).
ОЦІНКА МОЖЛИВОСТІ КОРОТКОТРИВАЛОГО ЗБЕРІГАННЯ ЕКСПЛАНТІВ ПЛАЦЕНТИ ДЛЯ РЕГЕНЕРАТИВНОЇ МЕДИЦИНИ
Authors: Prokopyuk V. Yu. , Shevchenko M. V. , Prokopyuk O. S. , Musatova I. B. , Smolianyk K. Yu. , Chub O. V.
Published: August 2019

Клітини, тканини, біологічно активні речовини плаценти є перспективними об’єктами для ефективного лікування патологічних станів ендокринної, імунної та нервової систем. Для клінічного застосування похідних плаценти необхідна розробка методів їх короткотривалого зберігання і транспортування від клініки до біотехнологічної лабораторії та в зворотному напрямку.

Мета дослідження – визначити можливості субнормотермічного (+20 ºС) та гіпотермічного (+4 ºС) зберігання експлантів плаценти в середовищі культивування для клінічного використання у регенеративній медицині.

Матеріали і методи. Експланти отримували з плацент після кесаревого розтину. Зберігали в культуральному середовищі при гіпотермічних та субнормотермічних умовах протягом 96 год. Кожні 24 год гістологічно оцінювали структуру експлантів, метаболічні характеристики за даними тестів відновлення резазурину, МТТ, тесту споживання глюкози.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Виявлено, що при субнормотермічних умовах експланти плаценти зберігають структуру, життєздатність та метаболічні характеристики 48 год, при гіпотермічних умовах термін збереження знижується до 24 год. Типовими ураженнями є зменшення ворсин та міжворсинчастих просторів, відшарування трофобласта. Розроблено рекомендації до їх короткотривалого зберігання.

Висновки. Визначено, що находження (транспортування) експлантів плаценти в субнормотермічних умовах до 48 год у культуральному середовищі забезпечує збереження властивостей експлантів і зумовлює ефективність їх клінічного використання.
Vitamin D Status and Risk of Stroke
Authors: Berghout Brian P. , Fani Lana , Heshmatollah Alis , Koudstaal Peter J. , Ikram M. Arfan , Zillikens M. Carola , Ikram M. Kamran
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose—

Recent findings suggest that vitamin D, a neuroprotective prohormone, is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. However, previous studies investigating the association between vitamin D and stroke have shown inconsistent findings. In view of these discrepancies, we determined the association of vitamin D status with stroke using data from a population-based study.

Methods—

Within the RS (Rotterdam Study), an ongoing prospective population-based study, we measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations between 1997 and 2008 in 9680 participants (56.8% women) aged ≥45 years. We assessed a history of stroke at baseline and subsequently followed for incident stroke until January 1, 2016. Regression models were used to investigate the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with prevalent and incident stroke separately, adjusted for age, sex, study cohort, season of blood sampling, and other cardiovascular risk factors.

Results—

Of 9680 participants, 339 had a history of stroke at baseline. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was associated with prevalent stroke, adjusted odds ratio per SD decrease, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.14–1.51. After excluding participants with prevalent stroke, we followed 9338 participants for a total of 98 529 person-years. During follow-up, 735 participants developed a stroke. Lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was not associated with a higher stroke risk, adjusted hazard ratio per SD decrease, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.97–1.16. However, severe vitamin D deficiency did show a significant association: hazard ratio, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.05–1.50.

Conclusions—

In this population-based cohort, we found an association between vitamin D and prevalent stroke. Only severe vitamin D deficiency was associated with incident stroke. This suggests that lower vitamin D levels do not lead to a higher stroke risk but are instead a consequence of stroke.
A new status and combination in a Madagascan Kalanchoe, K. beauverdii var. juelii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae)
Authors: SMITH GIDEON F. , FIGUEIREDO ESTRELA
Published: August 2019

With about 60 of the c. 150 known species of the genus Kalanchoe Adanson (1763: 248) sensu lato having been recorded from Madagascar, this island is the present-day centre of diversity of the genus (Smith & Figueiredo 2018). When Rauh & Hebding in Rauh (1995: 15) suggested the reclassification of the Madagascan K. juelii Raymond-Hamet & Perrier de la Bâthie (1914: 135, as ‘jueli’) as a variety of K. beauverdii Hamet (1907: 887), they did not cite the basionym, with the result that their proposed new combination, ‘Kalanchoe beauverdii Raym.-Hamet var. juelii, as ‘jueli’(Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier) Rauh & Hebding’, was not validly published (Art. 41.5 of the ICN, Turland et al. 2018).
Pair Correlations and Spatial Statistics of Deep Convection over the Tropical Atlantic
Authors: Senf Fabian , Brueck Matthias , Klocke Daniel
Published: August 2019

Over the tropical oceans, the large-scale, meridional circulation drives the accumulation of moist and warm air, leading to a relatively narrow, convectively active band. Therein, deep moist convection interacts with its heterogeneous environment—the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ)—and organizes into multiscale structures that strongly impact Earth’s hydrological cycle and radiation budget. Understanding the spatial correlations and interactions among deep convective clouds is important, but challenging. These clouds are investigated in this study with the help of large-domain, storm-resolving simulations over the tropical Atlantic. Based on vertically integrated mass flux fields, deep convective updraft cells are identified with object-based techniques and analyzed with respect to their structural behavior and spatial arrangement. The pair-correlation method, which compares simulated pair numbers as a function of pair distance to an appropriately chosen reference, is applied and extended to allow for spatial statistics in a heterogeneous environment (i.e., the ITCZ). Based on pair-correlation analysis, the average probability is enhanced to find an updraft cell pair within 100 km compared to a random distribution. Additionally, the spatial arrangement of larger or stronger cells deviates more from randomness compared to smaller or weaker cells, which might be related to their stronger dynamical interaction mechanisms. Using simplified equilibrium statistics of interacting cells, several spatial characteristics of the storm-resolving simulations can be reproduced.
Observations of Layering under a Warm-Core Ring in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Meunier Thomas , Sanz Enric Pallàs , Tenreiro Miguel , Ochoa José , Angulo Angel Ruiz , Buckingham Christian
Published: August 2019

Two glider transects in the Gulf of Mexico reveal fine-vertical-scale thermohaline structures within a Loop Current eddy (LCE). Partially compensating temperature and salinity anomalies are shown to organize as thin layers below the eddy and near its edges. The anomalies have vertical scales ranging from 2 to 60 m and extend laterally over distances up to 120 km. These structures are evident in synthetic acoustic reflectivity derived from the glider data and are reminiscent of the intense layering observed in seismic imagery around meddies, Agulhas rings, and warm-core Kuroshio rings. The observed layers are aligned with the geostrophic streamfunction rather than isopycnals and develop preferentially in zones of intense vertical shear. These observations suggest that tracer stirring by the eddy’s vertically sheared azimuthal flow might be an important process for their generation. In an attempt to rationalize this process, high-resolution quasigeostrophic simulations were performed using an idealized anticyclonic ring for the initial conditions. As the vortex destabilizes, layering rapidly develops in the model, resulting in structures similar to those found in the observation data. Passive tracer experiments also suggest that the layers form through differential advection of the tracer field by the vertically sheared flow associated with the LCE.
On the Structure and Formation of UTLS PV Dipole/Jetlets in Tropical Cyclones by Convective Momentum Surges
Authors: Hitchman Matthew H. , Rowe Shellie M.
Published: August 2019

The structure and origin of mesoscale jets and associated potential vorticity (PV) dipoles in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) in tropical cyclones (TCs) are investigated. UTLS PV dipole/jetlets, which occurred in Talas (2011), Edouard (2014), and Ita (2014), are simulated with the University of Wisconsin Nonhydrostatic Modeling System (UWNMS). PV dipoles are confined to the UTLS, where the jetlets oppose the ambient anticyclonic flow. They form ~100–250 km from the eye in convective asymmetries and are characterized by surges of air that accelerate in the updraft, overshoot, and extend radially outward. In these cases, the outflow jet merges with the subtropical westerly jet. Analysis of the structure of UTLS PV dipole/jetlets led to a new physical interpretation for their formation, based on the difference in momentum between the updraft and air in the UTLS: the convective momentum transport hypothesis. This view is complementary to the vorticity tilting hypothesis. A jetlet will form whenever an updraft carries horizontal winds to a level with different wind. Schematic diagrams show how to predict jetlet orientation based on horizontal speeds in the updraft and UTLS ambient air. In TCs, horizontal winds in the updraft are cyclonic, so a UTLS jetlet will be cyclonic and oppose the ambient flow. Each jetlet creates an anticyclonic, inertially unstable PV member, which lies radially outward. Estimates of terms in the PV conservation equation support the hypothesis that the dipoles arise from the curl of shear stress. Convective asymmetries associated with PV dipole/jetlets can significantly modify TC evolution by local thermodynamic acceleration.
Can Nonexperimental Methods Provide Unbiased Estimates of a Breastfeeding Intervention? A Within-Study Comparison of Peer Counseling in Oregon
Authors: Altindag Onur , Joyce Theodore J. , Reeder Julie A.
Published: August 2019

Between July 2005 and July 2007, the Oregon Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children program conducted the largest randomized field experiment (RFE) ever in the United States to assess the effectiveness of a low-cost peer counseling intervention to promote exclusive breastfeeding. We undertook a within-study comparison of the intervention using unique administrative data between July 2005 and July 2010. We found no difference between experimental and nonexperimental estimates but failed to determine correspondence based on more stringent criteria. We show that tests for nonconsent bias in the benchmark RFE might provide an important signal as to confounding in the nonexperimental estimates.
Recalling Persky: White Rage and Intimate Publicity After Brock Turner
Authors: Mack Ashley Noel , McCann Bryan J.
Published: August 2019

By attending to the successful campaign to recall and unseat Judge Aaron Persky in retaliation for his sentencing decision in the sexual assault trial of Stanford University athlete Brock Turner, we argue that the campaign constituted a White intimate public that directed White rage toward the judge for his perceived betrayals of a White paternal social contract. Because the campaign posited Persky’s willingness to inflict carceral violence upon Turner as the measure of his fidelity to the state’s obligations with regard to sexual violence and equality under the law, it legitimized carceral solutions that disproportionately harm communities of color. Such a centering of carceral solutions betrayed the public’s affective divestment from the needs of marginalized communities.
“Sorry, I already have a boyfriend”: Masculine honor beliefs and perceptions of women’s use of deceptive rejection behaviors to avert unwanted romantic advances
Authors: Stratmoen Evelyn , Rivera Emilio D. , Saucier Donald A.
Published: August 2019

We examined the relationships between masculine honor beliefs (MHB) and women’s endorsement of various rejection-related behaviors, as well as both men’s and women’s perceptions of men’s aggressive responses after being romantically rejected by a woman who uses an avoidant/deceptive rejection technique. In Study 1, women with stronger MHB were more likely to endorse their own use of an avoidant/deceptive rejection technique and expressed fewer expectations of men aggressing against them after their overt rejection. In Study 2, men with stronger MHB perceived a woman’s use of deception to reject a man’s unwanted romantic advance as a greater threat to the rejected man’s honor, while women with stronger MHB expressed greater expectations of retaliatory aggression from the rejected man, regardless of the use of deception. These results suggest women who adhere to masculine honor norms may be in a difficult predicament when faced with rejecting men and may choose to mitigate the honor threat to the rejected man by using avoidance/deception to avert his unwanted romantic advance to avoid potential retaliatory aggression.
Effect of Interbracket Distance on Load-Deflection Property and Resistance to Sliding in Orthodontic Appliances
Authors: Perumalla Kiran Kumar , Sunitha1 C , Naveen R , Tircoveluri Saritha , Sagar K Vidya
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Interbracket distance (IBD) plays a key role in load deflection and frictional resistance in the biomechanics of tooth movement.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the influence of load deflection and friction between the bracket and archwire for a specific load on different bracket designs.

Materials and Methods: IBD brackets ( n = 60), Sondhi Mini Uni-Twin brackets ( n = 60), low profile brackets ( n = 60), and Victory conventional brackets ( n = 60) were selected for the study. Load deflection was measured using a universal testing machine on 0.016″ nickel-titanium (NiTi) wire. A universal testing machine was used to measure the frictional resistance on 0.019″ × 0.025″ stainless steel wire.

Results: The load deflection of 0.016″ NiTi wire was the highest in IBD followed by Sondhi Mini Uni-Twin, Sondhi conventional, and Victory conventional. Static friction and kinetic friction were the highest in Victory conventional brackets followed by low profile brackets, Sondhi Mini Uni-Twin, and IBD brackets.

Conclusions: Load-deflection property will increase with increase in IBD, and frictional resistance will decrease with increase in IBD.
Vertical Control During Molar Protraction Using Miniscrews
Authors: Nigoumi Ayman El
Published: August 2019

The aim of this article was to introduce a new simplified method to control the vertical level and avoid canting of arches during molar protraction using skeletal anchorage.
Indian Board of Orthodontics Case Report – Dr. Prem Prakash Memorial Award
Authors: Cherackal George Jose
Published: August 2019

This case report was adjudged one of the best-treated cases displayed in the Indian Board of Orthodontics after the board certification process. The summary of the treatment and various records are reprinted here with minimal editing and reformatting so that the presentation resembles the actual documents submitted to the board.
Establishing a sustainable anaesthetic education programme at Jimma University Medical Centre, Ethiopia
Authors: Burton Zoë A , Ayele Yemane , McDonald Philip
Published: August 2019

Lack of continuing education and physician anaesthetist support are commonly cited problems amongst Ethiopian anaesthetic providers. Whilst operating at Jimma University Medical Centre (JUMC), Operation Smile volunteers identified a clear need for improvement in anaesthetic care delivery at JUMC. JUMC is a 450-bed university teaching hospital 350 km southwest of Addis Ababa. At the start of this programme it had two physician anaesthetists, with the majority of anaesthesia historically having been provided by non-physician anaesthesia providers. A visiting lecturer programme was established at JUMC in 2012 following collaboration between two consultant anaesthetists, working for Operation Smile and JUMC respectively. UK trainee anaesthetists in their final years of anaesthetic training volunteered at JUMC for periods of two to six months, providing sustainable education and consistent physician anaesthetist presence to support service provision and training. Over its six-year history, nine visiting lecturers have volunteered at JUMC. They have helped establish a postgraduate training programme in anaesthesia, assisting in the provision of a future physician anaesthetist workforce. Four different training courses designed for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have been delivered and visiting lecturers have trained local anaesthetists in subsequent course delivery. Patient safety and quality improvement projects have included introducing the World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist, Lifebox pulse oximeters, obstetric spinal anaesthesia packs, improving critical care delivery and establishing two post-anaesthetic care units. Development of partnerships on local, national and global platforms were key to the effective delivery of relevant sustainable education and support. Instilling local ownership proved fundamental to implementing change in the local safety culture at JUMC. Sound mentorship from anaesthetic consultant supervisors both in the UK and in Jimma was crucial to support the UK trainee anaesthetists working in a challenging global setting. This model of sustainable capacity building in an LMIC with a significant deficit in its physician workforce could be replicated in a similar LMIC setting.
Optimizing the Future of Innovative Technologies and Infinite Data
Authors: Walker Kristen L. , Milne George R. , Weinberg Bruce D.
Published: August 2019

The coeditors provide an overview of the insightful and pioneering articles included in this special issue, “Marketing and Public Policy in a Technology-Integrated Society.” The articles fall into three broad technological influences: agility and connection, use and abuse, and control and access. These influences provide context for a novel framework about technology-integrated society research, showing the complex relationship between data use, data exposure and regulatory (self- and mandated) protection of data and people. Presently, technology is driving innovation and societal expectations, often with creepy connotations and invasive implications. The articles in this special issue illustrate the ambiguous areas concerning technology, marketing, and public policy, offering insight into amplified risks and the processes that will help temper potential vulnerability, harm, and risk in a technology-integrated society.
Prognostic Factors Associated With Recovery in Children With Bell’s Palsy
Authors: Karatoprak Elif , Yilmaz Sila
Published: August 2019

Objectives:

The aim of the study was to determine the prognosis of children with Bell’s palsy and analyze the prognostic factors affecting early recovery.

Methods:

The records of children with a diagnosis of Bell’s palsy were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic and clinical features including age, gender, House-Brackmann Facial Nerve Grading System House-Brackmann Grading Scale (HBGS) grade at admission and follow-up, and the dosage and onset of steroid treatment were reviewed. Laboratory findings such as red blood cell distribution width and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were noted. The patients who were recovered within the first month (early recovery) were compared with the patients who were recovered after first month (late recovery) in terms of demographic, clinical characteristics, laboratory findings and treatment modalities in order to determine the risk factors affecting early recovery.

Results:

A total of 102 children (65 girls and 37 boys) with a mean age of 10.37 ± 4.2 years were included in the study. The complete recovery was detected in 101 children (%99) with Bell’s palsy. Statistically significant difference was found in terms of dosage and time of onset of steroid treatment ( P = .04, P = .035, respectively) and House-Brackmann Facial Nerve Grading System grade on the 10th day ( P = .001) between the early and late recovery groups.

Conclusion:

The prognosis of Bell’s palsy in children was very good. The prognostic factors affecting the early recovery were being House-Brackmann Facial Nerve Grading System grade 2 or 3 on the 10th day and receiving steroid treatment in the first 24 hours. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and red blood cell distribution width were not found to be predictive factors for early recovery.
Enhanced properties of poly(lactic acid) by concurrent addition of organo-modified Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) and triethyl citrate
Authors: Monshizadeh Mehrnoush , Seifi Sajad , Hejazi Iman , Seyfi Javad , Khonakdar Hossein Ali
Published: August 2019

Synergistic effects of organo-modified Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) and triethyl citrate (TEC) on the properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were demonstrated. PLA/LDH nanocomposites in the absence and presence of TEC were fabricated via solution casting technique. Morphological analysis revealed that as the LDH concentration increases, the number of aggregations is also increased; however, introduction of TEC considerably enhanced the dispersion quality of LDHs. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that the addition of LDH and TEC had no significant influence on the crystallinity of nanocomposites obtained from solution casting. In contrast, once the samples were cooled from melt, the concurrent use of LDH and TEC led to a dramatic enhancement in the crystallinity of PLA ( X c = 55.5%). Moreover, the LDH nanoparticles counterbalanced the adverse effects of plasticization by TEC leading to enhanced toughness of the final nanocomposites. LDH had also a positive influence on thermal stability of PLA, indicating the heat-insulating role of LDH particles. In conclusion, the concurrent use of LDH and TEC could extend the applicability of PLA especially in food packaging applications.
Simple Surveys: Response Retrieval Inspired by Recommendation Systems
Authors: Sengupta Nandana , Srebro Nati , Evans James
Published: August 2019

In the last decade, the use of simple rating and comparison surveys has proliferated on social and digital media platforms to fuel recommendations. These simple surveys and their extrapolation with machine learning algorithms such as matrix factorization shed light on user preferences over large and growing pools of items such as movies, songs, and ads. Social scientists also have a long history of measuring perceptions, preferences, and opinions, typically often over smaller, discrete item sets with exhaustive rating or ranking surveys. This article introduces simple surveys for social science application. We ran experiments to compare the predictive accuracy of both individual and aggregate comparative assessments using four types of simple surveys—pairwise comparisons (PCs) and ratings on 2, 5, and continuous point scales in three contexts—perceived safety of Google Street View images, likability of artwork, and hilarity of animal GIFs. Across contexts, we find that continuous scale ratings best predict individual assessments but consume the most time and cognitive effort. Binary choice surveys are quick and best predict aggregate assessments, useful for collective decision tasks, but poorly predict personalized preferences, for which they are currently used by Netflix to recommend movies. PCs, by contrast, successfully predict personal assessments but poorly predict aggregate assessments despite being widely used to crowdsource ideas and collective preferences. We also demonstrate how findings from these surveys can be visualized in a low-dimensional space to reveal distinct respondent interpretations of questions asked in each context. We conclude by reflecting on differences between sparse, incomplete “simple surveys” and their traditional survey counterparts in terms of efficiency, information elicited, and settings in which knowing less about more may be critical for social science.
Satellite affine formation flying with obstacle avoidance
Authors: Chen Liangming , Sun Zhongqi , Li Chuanjiang , Zhu Baolong , Wang Cheng
Published: August 2019

This paper studies the affine formation control problem for a group of flying satellites with the performance of obstacle avoidance. Assuming that leader satellites can detect the locations of obstacles, we first investigate how to plan advisable trajectories for leader satellites such that they can smoothly pass through some specific types of obstacles by tracking the planned trajectories. Secondly, to enable follower satellites pass through the obstacles by following leader satellites' moving trajectories, a relationship between leader satellites' positions and follower satellites' desired positions is established by employing the affine formation approach. Then, a distributed formation control algorithm is proposed, which ensures all follower satellites converge to their desired positions. Moreover, the uncertainties and disturbances are considered in each satellite's motion dynamics, and are compensated by the designed adaptive laws. Finally, simulation examples are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithms.
Chaotic baker map-based array reconfiguration in solar photo-voltaic systems under shading conditions
Authors: Tatabhatla Venkata Madhava Ram , Agarwal Anshul , Kanumuri Tirupathiraju
Published: August 2019

The location of shaded and unshaded panels affect power generation of solar photo-voltaic array, which not only causes the disturbance in characteristic curves but also achieves multiple maximum peaks. In order to overcome these issues, panel reconfiguration is proposed based on chaotic baker map technique, which employs the concept of image processing. In this approach, the static position of a panel is changed without altering the electrical circuit to minimize the power loss and enhance the maximum power. The proposed method is tested with different sizes of solar photo-voltaic array considering a wide range of shading spectrum on both software and hardware platforms. The proposed approach augments the output power and minimizes the mismatch power loss by reducing the mismatch in row currents with both simulations and prototype results. The results of the proposed approach are compared with hitherto known configurations under various shading conditions, which support the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Variations in erosion intensity and soil maturity as revealed by mineral magnetism of sediments from an alpine lake in monsoon-dominated central east China and their implications for environmental changes over the past 5500 years
Authors: Wang Hongya , Cheng Ying , Luo Yao , Zhang Cai’na , Deng Lei , Yang Xiuyun , Liu Hongyan
Published: August 2019

Measurements of mineral magnetism were performed on a sediment sequence recovered from Foye Chi, an alpine lake (3410 m a.s.l.) on the southern slope of the Taibai Mountain (3767 m a.s.l.), the highest mountain in east mainland China (east of 105°E) influenced by East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM). Mineral magnetism were also measured for surface sediments from the lake, rock debris, surface soils and a soil profile from its catchment and surface soils at the elevations of 600–3767 m a.s.l. of the southern slope of the Mountain. AMS14C dating, analyses of pollen, particle size, TOC, TN and δ13Norg were conducted for the sediment sequence while pollen analysis was also made for the surface-sediment sample. Variations in χlf, χARM, IRM300mT and SIRM of the sediment sequence were attributed to changes in erosion intensity, while those in IRM20mT/ARM and particularly χARM/SIRM to changes in soil maturity. With aid of the other data, the magnetic data of the sediment sequence revealed environmental changes over the past ~5520 years. The weighted χARM/SIRM values of the sediment sequence in comparison with χARM/SIRM of the surface soils distributed on different elevations allowed estimating the altitudes where the present environments are similar to the past ones for different periods of the past ~5520 years. The reconstructed environmental changes are generally in agreement with the centennial-scale variability of EASM indicated by a stalagmite 18O record and with that of EAWM indicated by an 18O record of planktonic foraminiferal.
Semiparametric Bayesian kernel survival model for evaluating pathway effects
Authors: Zhang Lin , Kim Inyoung
Published: August 2019

Massive amounts of high-dimensional data have been accumulated over the past two decades, which has cultured increasing interests in identifying gene pathways related to certain biological processes. In particular, since pathway-based analysis has the ability to detect subtle changes of differentially expressed genes that could be missed when using gene-based analysis, detecting the gene pathways that regulate certain diseases can provide new strategies for medical procedures and new targets for drug discovery. Limited work has been carried out, primarily in regression settings, to study the effects of pathways on survival outcomes. Motivated by a breast cancer gene-pathway data set, which exhibits the “small n, large p” characteristics, we propose a semiparametric Bayesian kernel survival model (s-BKSurv) to study the effects of both clinical covariates and gene expression levels within a pathway on survival time. We model the unknown high-dimensional functions of pathways via Gaussian kernel machine to consider the possibility that genes within the same pathway interact with each other. To address the multiple comparisons problem under a full Bayesian setting, we propose a similarity-dependent procedure based on Bayes factor to control the family-wise error rate. We demonstrate the outperformance of our approach under various simulation settings and pathways data.
Collective Influence of Work–Family Conflict and Work–Family Enrichment on Turnover Intention: Exploring the Moderating Effects of Individual Differences
Authors: Aboobaker Nimitha , Edward Manoj
Published: August 2019

Multiple roles at both work and family result in both negative (work–family conflict) and positive (work–family enrichment) spillover, which has their reflections on employees’ job and family outcomes. Research on work–family integration has been largely dominated by studies conducted in the USA and other Anglo countries, and barely a few studies have been conducted in non-Western contexts, especially in collectivistic societies of India, where family roles presume more prominence. This study scrutinized the combined effect of work–family conflict and work–family enrichment on turnover intention, among selected bank employees, from both private sector and public sector banks in India. Data were collected using self-reporting standardized scales that measured work–family conflict and work–family enrichment in both directions. Results were in line with the ‘matching-domain’ hypothesis in work–family research, as family to work direction of spillovers was not found to be significant predictors of turnover intention. Multi-group analysis using WarpPLS 6.0 revealed that gender and the sector of employed bank significantly moderated the relationship between variables under focus. The present study delivers indication that simultaneous experience of lowered work–family conflict and higher enriched experiences at the workplace will offer tangible benefits and long-standing yields to the organizations, in the form of lowered intentions to quit the organization, with particular emphasis on the matching-domain hypothesis of work–family research. The implications of these results for theory and practice are also discussed.
On Becoming Virtuous
Authors: Eriksen Matthew , Cooper Kevin , Miccolis Anthony
Published: August 2019

Based on Ben Franklin’s project to develop his virtuousness, we present an assignment that provides a structured process to facilitate students’ virtuousness in their day-to-day lives. Students determine four virtues they wish to develop. Each week, students focus on behaving consistently with one of these virtues. At the end of each day, they record whether their behaviors were consistent with each of their four virtues. On a weekly basis, students engage in self-reflection, practical reflexivity, peer coaching, and a class discussion of their experiences of attempting to live out their chosen virtues and what they are learning about being virtuous, and with what actions and structures they might experiment to improve their effectiveness. These practices deepen students’ self-understanding and improve their abilities to be virtuous. Student feedback strongly supports that engaging in the assignment helped them identify meaningful virtues and personal behaviors consistent, and inconsistent, with those virtues, improve their abilities to behave consistently with these virtues, understand the impact of living out their virtues within the context of their day-to-day lives, increase their self-understanding, and improve their abilities to engage in self-observation and self-reflection.
Self-Perceptions and Factors Associated With Being Put Down at School Among Middle and High School Students
Authors: Bowman Ashley , Knack Jennifer M. , Barry Adam E. , Merianos Ashley L. , Wilson Kelly L. , McKyer E. Lisako J. , Smith Matthew Lee
Published: August 2019

This study assessed the prevalence of verbally being put down by others and intrapersonal and normative factors associated with being put down by others among middle and high school students. Students ( N = 1,027) completed the Adolescent Health Risk Behavior Survey. Over 16% of participants reported being put down at school. Students who identified with the negative words confused, unattractive, dull, and careless and identified less with the positive words popular, smart, considerate, cool, and self-confident reported being put down by others. High school students were less likely to be put down. As students scored higher on the Negative Self-Description Scale, their odds of being put down increased. As students scored higher on the Positive Self-Description Scale, their odds of being put down decreased. Students who perceived their friends drinking alcohol regularly were less likely to be put down. Strategies to enhance self-perceptions to raise self-awareness and form healthy/positive identities are needed.
Anatomy of the Insertion of the Posterior Inferior Tibiofibular Ligament and the Posterior Malleolar Fracture
Authors: Jayatilaka Malwattage Lara Tania , Philpott Matthew D. G. , Fisher Andrew , Fisher Lauren , Molloy Andrew , Mason Lyndon
Published: August 2019

Background:

Our aim in this study was to identify the extent of the posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (PITFL) insertion on the posterior tibia and its relation to intra-articular posterior malleolar fractures.

Methods:

Careful dissection was undertaken on 10 cadaveric lower limbs to identify the ligamentous structures on the posterior aspect of the ankle. The ligamentous anatomy was further compared with our ankle fracture database, specifically posterior malleolar fracture patterns, demonstrating a rotational pilon etiology (Mason and Molloy type 2A and B). Computed tomography imaging was used to measure the dimensions of the fracture fragments.

Results:

The superficial PITFL was found to have a transverse component and an oblique component. The average size of the tibial insertion was 54.9 mm (95% CI, 51.8, 58.0) from joint line and 47.1 mm (95% CI, 43.0, 51.2) transverse. From our database of ankle fractures involving the posterior malleolus, 80 Mason and Molloy type 2 fractures were identified for analysis. Of these, 33 were type 2A and 47 were type 2B. The posterolateral fragments had an average size of 26.3 mm (95% CI, 25.0, 27.7) height and 22.1 mm (95% CI, 21.1, 23.1) width. The posteromedial fragments had an average size of 22.0 (95% CI, 18.9, 25.1) height and 19.8 (95% CI, 17.5, 22.0) width.

Conclusion:

The superficial PITFL insertion on the tibia is broad. In comparison with the average size of the posterior malleolar fragments, the PITFL insertion is significantly larger. Therefore, for a posterior malleolar fracture to cause posterior syndesmotic instability, a ligamentous injury must also occur.

Clinical Relevance:

Posterior syndesmotic instability results from injury to the PITFL. It has been widely reported that a posterior malleolar fracture will also give rise to posterior syndesmotic instability due to the insertion of the deep PITFL on the posterior tibia. On the contrary, in this paper, we have shown that the superficial PITFL insertion on the tibia is very large, much greater than the average size of the posterior malleolar fragments. Therefore, for a posterior malleolar fracture to cause posterior syndesmotic instability, a ligamentous injury will also have to occur.
Implementation of an online chemotherapy checking training module enhances scope of practice and ensures competency
Authors: Garg Manju , Dobish Roxanne , Kempston Annette , Burns Robin , Folkman Frances , Chambers Carole R
Published: August 2019

Chemotherapy checking is a complex task and requires a high level of alertness and attention to detail. Learning tools are required to teach the fundamental principles of chemotherapy checking. In conjunction with a graphic design team and with input from Human Factors specialists, an online chemotherapy checking training module was created. A variety of learning methods were incorporated including pre-reading, hands on training, case scenarios, and exam questions. The necessary skills to safely complete chemotherapy checking can be enhanced by the use of this training module.