bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Implementation Automated Egg Incubator
Authors: Ate Abdelrahim Ahmed Mohammed
Published: June 2021

Artificial egg incubators are devices used for incubating and hatching eggs through preservation the required conditions for fetus development inside the egg .Generally this paper aims to design and implement an egg incubator system in order to provide adequate conditions for egg hatching and to meet the growing market needs for locally grown white meat at reasonable prices, This system use software program  for controlling in the temperature and humidity using the proteus  program  and Arduino ide.

The system of this incubator is based on two Arduino boards one of which is Arduino nano reads the temperature and humidity values inside the incubator chamber through sensor dht11 and it is displayed 16x2 display screen When this value is more than the maximum or less, then the bell give sound to be an indication of the exceeded permissible values and the controller processes the increase in the case of temperature by operating fans to expel and distribute the air. However, in the case of low temperature or humidity, the heater operates and pushes an amount of hot and steam into the inside incubator that make temperature and humidity high, it controls the motor that turns the eggs to change their position in order to prevent the embryo from sticking to the shell and. the electronic lock that makes the incubator door limited to the person responsible.

The research would be a user-friendly product as it is manufactured in a limited and small size and can be transported to other locations with minimal user handling.
دراسة تلوث الهواء في المناطق المحيطة بمصفاة بانياس في الجمهورية العربية السورية
Authors: محمد سعيد بايرلي ريم , حسن النجار رشدي , عزت السيد عزيز
Published: June 2021

Banias Refinery discharges every day from its chimneys very large amounts of gases that form pollutants which has direct effect on the air leading to its deviation from the natural composition.
Starting from the target put under research, the following pollutants were surveyed:
Sulfur dioxide gas (SO2), which is considered as the most important pollutants discharging and mainly resulting from the burning of the petroleum products, operations of oil excavation, derivation, gathering and purification.
(SO2) affects directly on human health upon reaching the tissues of the lungs. It also affects environment in general as it helps in forming acidic rains and by their turn affect the water resources and the soil.
Carbon monoxide gas, which results from the incomplete burning operations, affects directly human beings upon to its dissolution in blood hemoglobin.It affects environment as it reacts with water to form Carbon acid (HCO3) and which affects by its turn water and soil.
Nitrogen dioxide gas (NO2), resulting from the reaction of nitrogen and oxygen in high temperatures during the operations of burning of different kinds of fuels. Nitrogen oxides have a great effect on human beings. It also affects the environment in general as it helps in forming acidic rains, therefore affecting the water, plant and soil resources.
The level of these gases were measured in three different sites around the refinery, which are : Al-Roman Hotel located to the west of the refinery, Abtelah, located to the north east of the refinery and Dair Al-Beshel, located on the primary line of the eastern hills surrounding the refinery.
The observation operation of each of the aforementioned three sites was performed during the four seasons of the year, and Drager Gas Detector instrument was used for this purpose.
The results were listed into special charts and were laid on graphs made for this purpose.
The standard specifications issued by the Arab Syrian Standards and Specifications Organization were adopted as a reference for comparing the results and to know the extent of air pollution in those areas.
We reached the following results:
The air in Abtelah and Dair Al-Beshel is polluted due to the high concentrations of (NO2) and (CO) gases above the permissible averages and which was determined by the Syrian Specifications and Standards Organization. This is because these areas are influenced by the western and southwestern winds which are predominant during the most times of the year.
It is suggested that to find the suitable solutions as soon as possible in order to reduce the rates of pollution resulting from the pollution of the air of the areas surrounding the refinery with the gases discharged around the year in order to perform valid arrangements and measures and especially the areas located to the east and northeast of the refinery.
Design, Fabrication and Testing of Thermistor Detector
Authors: Babiker Ali Maruod Abbas , Al-Hity Kasim M. , Abdulla Mohamed Yahia , A-Latif AL-Muslet Nafie
Published: June 2021

The main idea of this work is to design and fabricate an infra-red detector, specially the disk type of negative thermistor (NTC), and to test it’s operation and response to different levels of IR laser power.
The challenge of the fabrication arises from the chemical, physical and electronic thermistor features. In order to get good responsivity, a certain semiconductor oxides ratio prepared and milled with special size and shape under tones of pressure, then sintered with thousand of temperature degrees, and finally coated and attached with legs to get the thermistor.
An electronic circuit, consists of some amplifiers, comparator and reference voltage, was used to test the disk thermistor operation.
Finally, different levels of Nd:YAG laser power was used to test the fabricated thermistors. The results are very promising and the best ratios of the mixture could be easily determined.
On the Flotation of a Low Grade Chromite Ore
Authors: T. A. K Tamam , A.S.Seifelnasr Ahmed
Published: June 2021

This study is concerned with the processing of low grade chromite ores, Ingassena Hills by froth flotation techniques. For this purpose, representative samples were taken from four different mines. Mineralogical examinations indicated that, the major minerals are chromite and serpentine .Olivine, iron oxides and talc have been identified as minor minerals. Adequate degree of liberation of chromite was obtained by grinding the ore to minus 177µm.
Froth flotation was used to upgrade that particular chromite ore. Oleic acid was used as collector. Several operating parameters influencing the floatability of both high grade chromite and serpentine were investigated. These include the concentrations of the collector and depressant, pulp pH and conditioning time. From an ore feed grading 20.27% Cr2O3, a chromite concentrate of 28.71% Cr2O3 with recovery of 94.54 % could be obtained by flotation at collector dosage of 0.300 kg /t , neutral pulp (pH 9) ,conditioning time ,2min ,and pulp density, 20%.
Efficiency of Vierendeel Girder, Post-tensioned Girders and Steel Beams for Long Cantilevers in Buildings
Authors: Fadlelbari M. Faisal
Published: June 2021

Cantilevers are a part of our life, they are everywhere: bridg–es, building’s balconies, traffic signs, car parking shades even the aircraft’s wings. The long cantilevers of the buildings always present as a big challenge to structural engineers in their practice life. The structural behavior of these cantilevers depends on a several factors, such as rigidity of the slab, rigidity of columns or walls, span continuity... etc. But the real dilemma lies in the economical choice. This paper focused on the cantilever’s structural analysis according to the used structural. Moreover, it shows a comparison between three structural system choices: Vierendeel Girder, Post - Tensioned Girders and Steel Composite Beam in a graph. The objective of this paper is to give a guideline to the structural engineers to choose the optimum system of the building cantilevers according to the factors mentioned earlier. At the end, the paper illustrated the Vierendeel girder is the most efficient system for cantilevers. Accordingly, recommendations result on that up to 4.0 m cantilever length steel beams will be enough, for more than 4.0 and less than or equal to 6.0 m post-tension is recommended, and for more than 6.0 m cantilever we should use Vierendeel girder.
Developing Excel-VBA Spreadsheet for Truss Element Analysis and Design
Authors: Eissa Abdalla
Published: June 2021

In this paper EXCEL Visual Basic application spreadsheet has used in analyzing and designing truss elements. EXCEL spreadsheet was developed to draw and analyzes different type of truss elements for tension and compression forces. The truss members were tested under dead, imposed, and wind load. Members capacity was provided according to BS 5950. Different type of joints connection was designed and recommended for support and internal joints.
Utilization of Jebel Marra Volcanic Ash as Low Cost Material in Concrete Hollow Blocks in Darfur, Sudan
Authors: I. Mohamed Najmeldin , M. Ibrahiem El-Sharif
Published: June 2021

Concrete hollow blocks (CHB) have an important place in modern building industry, and although the CHB is considered a better alternative to fired bricks from the ecological and economical points of view, however, its prices are still high, since the main cost-factor is the ordinary Portland cement (OPC). This study is mainly focusing on the utilization of volcanic ash (VA) from Jebel Marra as a low cost material for CHB. In this study a VA sample from Jebel Marra (Al-malam area) was investigated for its physical and chemical properties, different substitution levels of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% of the OPC with pozzolanas were tested. Combined aggregates of locally available sand and stone aggregates were also tested for their economical value of fineness modulus. Then the potential use of these materials was implemented in (CHB) with different blends and mix ratios. The results of the chemical and physical analysis of the VA showed their compliance to the international specifications. The strength activity index of the mix containing 20%VA of the OPC weight at 28 days was 87%. If consider 3.5 MPa as the minimum compressive strength of load bearing CHB required by the Indian standard, it can be concluded that the VA can be used successfully as low cost material in the CHB with the substitution level up to 40%, 30%, and 20%, for binder aggregates ratio by volume 1:6, 1:7, and 1:8, respectively, with subsequent reduction in binder cost by 34, 26, and 17%, In addition, increasing the compressive strength of blocks can be achieved by using high pressure blocks making machine.
Residential and Individual Housing Problems in Sudan
Authors: Abdulla Nugdalla Mohamed
Published: June 2021

One of the main needs for the population of a country is housing. A house is a building that functions as a home for humans ranging from simple dwellings such as rudimentary huts of nomadic tribes to complex structures composed of many systems. Some countries do not address the housing problems and this eventually led to people building houses individually without proper supervision from the authorities. The main aim of this study is to identify the problems faced the owners and developers of the housing in Sudan. The objectives of the study are to identify the problems faced by the house owners who build houses individually in Sudan, to assess the problems faced by housing developers in Sudan, to investigate the factors that influence house owners to either construct houses individually or buy from developers in Sudan. This study is carried out in Khartoum, Sudan. The study is carried out through questionnaires. A total of 50 respondents submitted the questionnaires duly answered. The data is analyzed using Average Index. From the study, the main problems faced by the housing owners who build houses individually are the high cost of land, the escalation of construction material prices. The main problems faced by the housing developers in Sudan are the delay, too expensive due to its properties and the lack of infrastructure. The factors that influence house owners to construct houses individually are categorized into two groups, the first group is the financial factors and the other one is the design related factors. From the study the people agreed that the main financial factors are they can build according to their income and better cost controlling. The main design related factors are they can choose suitable location for the house, design an appropriate plan, flexible plan (add element or delete during construction) and quality is better than developer. Also the respondents agreed that the main factors that influence people to buy houses from developers are: facilities available in the housing projects (gardens, swimming pools, playgrounds, etc.), Facilities available such as power and water backup and more security.
Reusing of Construction Debris in Plain Concrete Elements
Authors: Abuserriya A. Abdelrahman , H. Osman B. Bashir , Y. Mahmoud C. Salma
Published: June 2021

Construction is a serious environmental problem and a challenge for people who concerned with sustainability in the construction field. Previous studies showed positive results for the use of recycled aggregates in the concrete production. This study portrays the results for utilizing construction debris for casting different types of concrete blocks. The recycled concrete debris was used in different ratios (0%, 50%, and 100%) in replacement for natural coarse aggregates for different targeted compressive strength (B250, B300, B350 and B400). Two types of water (pure and sea water) were used for curing the blocks. In addition, hollow block and paving block were casted with different ratios of recycled aggregate (0%, 20%, 45% and 100%) and cured with two types of water. The results showed a decrease in compressive strength with the increase recycled aggregate content. It was also noticed that the absorption capacity increases with high recycled aggregate content.
Quality Control of Pre-stressed Concrete Sleepers in Sudan Railways
Authors: Hussein Mohamed Ali Ali , Barakat Babiker Barakat Abubaker
Published: June 2021

Nowadays, railway transport plays a very important role in the transport system in a period of positive growth of commerce, economy and industry. In accordance with other modes of transport, railway is the most stable mode for transporting, safety, capability carrying, social and economic benefits. Sleepers have major roles in the complex railway system and distributed the load from rails when train goes through to the ballast. This study discussed pre-stressed concrete sleepers in Sudan railways and compare them with other varies of sleepers taken in consideration the service life, handling, weight of sleeper, damage, suitability for fastening and vibration resistance. On the other side explained the manufacturing stages that sleepers undergoes and the quality control accompanying them. A numerical static analysis for a pre-stressed concrete mono-block railway sleeper is carried out using finite element package named "ANSYS 15". Using SOLID65 solid element, the compressive strength of concrete is facilitated using plasticity algorithm while the concrete cracking in tension zone is accommodated by the nonlinear material model. Since the section of concrete sleeper is fully pre-stressed by nature, the smeared crack analogy is impracticable. Discrete reinforcement modeling with truss elements, LINK8, is then more suitable to utilize. Perfect bonding is presumed herein between concrete and pre-stressing wires. Thus, the results of the analysis that evaluate the effect of cables in deformed shape, strains, stress of pre-stressed concrete sleepers are compared to the solid concrete sleepers. Therefore, the insight into static behaviors will not only result in a safer and more reliable design method for railway infrastructure, but it can also translate and apply to other civil concrete structures.
Cost-benefit analysis as a tool for measuring economic impacts of local food systems: Case study of an institutional sourcing change
Authors: Plakias Zoë
Published: June 2021

Universities continue to expand their local food sourcing, but the impacts of these sourcing changes are ambiguous. Some academics have measured these impacts using input-output analysis methods to track economic indicators that may be of interest to local communities. However, these studies do not capture nonmarket benefits of local food system investments or answer the broader question of whether local sourcing benefits society as a whole, both of which can be addressed using cost-benefit analysis. This paper explores cost-benefit analysis as an additional tool for measuring the economic impacts of local food investments, using a sourcing change by The Ohio State University as a case study. It builds on recent theoretical applied economics literature on the welfare impacts of local food sourcing and sheds light on important trade-offs of local sourcing that institutions and other buyers may want to consider. Employing data provided by Ohio State University Dining Services and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, I use a Monte Carlo simulation approach that accounts for uncertainty and allows for exploration of many scenarios. In more than half of the scenarios, local sourcing yields a net loss to society. However, additional research is needed by economists and others to enable local food system stakeholders to more easily and accurately conduct this work and add cost-benefit analysis to their project evaluation toolkit.
Un estudio sobre el rozamiento en libros de física de nivel universitario
Authors: Concari Sonia Beatriz , Pozzo Roberto Luis , Giorgi Silvia María
Published: June 2021

This work analyses the treatment that is given to friction phenomena in a sample of fifteen physics textbooks for undergraduate level.From this analysis it emerges that friction phenomena is treated fragmentarily. It is associated -almost exclusively- either with dissipating effects or to delaying forces, it is explained using different models for different scales, systems, materials and surfaces conditions, and clear domain limits for empirical laws are not always established, showing inconsistency in the treatment of the subject.The content analysis technique and linguistic analysis were used in this study. The results are interpreted in the frame of the Rosch prototype theory.
Ideas epistemológicas de Laudan y su posible influencia en la enseñanza de las ciencias
Authors: Colombo de Cudmani L.
Published: June 2021

Sience the 60’s, alternative epistemologies have been questioning in depth the rationality of science and scientific progress as well. This has not always produced positive results in the field of Science Education. The aim of this paper is to analize Laudan’s ideas on these matters, as well as their possible incidence upon the teaching of science.
Del cambio conceptual a la adquisición de conocimientos : algunas reflexiones sobre las concepciones alternativas y el cambio conceptual de J. M. Oliva
Authors: Marín Martínez Nicolás
Published: June 2021

Del cambio conceptual a la adquisición de conocimientos : algunas reflexiones sobre las concepciones alternativas y el cambio conceptual de J. M. Oliva
Análisis de algunos criterios para diferenciar entre ciencia y tecnología
Authors: Acevedo Díaz José Antonio
Published: June 2021

Up till now, the STS education has not managed to discern rightly between science and technology. In the paper, this status is briefly described, and we analyze three criteria to clarify the confusing panorama existing in this domain: the specific characteristics of the technological knowledge; the attitudes towards publications; and the purposes of the academic and industrial research laboratories.
Los experimentos que plantean problemas en las aulas de química: dilemas y soluciones
Authors: Jong O. de
Published: June 2021

The importance of classroom experiments in school science curricula is accepted generally. Nevertheless, a broad variety of difficulties in laboratory teaching as well as difficulties in learning from practical experiences is reported. In this contribution, laboratory work in secondary school science is considered from a «constructivist» perspective. From this perspective, a particular kind of school science experiment, so-called problem-posing experiment, is described. Chemistry teachers’ experiences of these experiments are reported. A number of dilemmas (and resolu­tions) in using problem-posing experiments is discussed.
Por unas ciencias ambientales y unas ciencias de la tierra. Reflexiones críticas y propuestas para un debate
Authors: Pascual Trillo José Antonio
Published: June 2021

Earth and Environmental Sciences are analysed in criticism form. A differentiation of Environmental Sciences and Earth Sciences as different subjects is proposed. In the case of Environmental Sciences, a «taxonomy» of contents is included with the purpose of facilitating the programme of the subject. Environmental Sciences should be a trunk subject for all the students in PostObligatory Secondary Education («bachillerato»), while Earth Sciences, a new suggested subject, should be a subject only for the modality of Sciences.
Estudio experimental de procesos de calentamiento y enfriamiento. Resultados e implicaciones didácticas
Authors: Fraile Delgado J. J. , García Hourcade J. L. , García Montes J. , Rodríguez de Ávila C. , Rubio Regueiro J. L.
Published: June 2021

A detailed experimental study on different processes of heating and cooling allows to deduce that temperature variation, in these processes, in the course of time is not always the same, but it depends, to a great extent, on how the process is carried out. So to confuse the T-Q relations (always lineal) with T-t relations (dependent on the process) is a mistake that is necessary to avoid in our classes.
Investigación sobre las concepciones de los estudiantes acerca de los estados de agregación y los cambios de estado
Authors: Borsese A. , Lumbaca P. , Pentimalli R.
Published: June 2021

In this work the results of a test based on phase changes and the states of matter are discussed. They show heavy misconceptions in pupils, 15-16 years old, in the first two years of Italian Secondary Upper School. Pupils show best results when they must work with experimental situations but show difficulties to pass from verbal to graphical language.
El modelo didáctico de la formación de un cuadro químico del mundo en los estudiantes. Una vía para el cambio conceptual
Authors: Ferro V. R. , González Jonte R. H.
Published: June 2021

In this paper we develop a general definition of the study of Chemistry that responds to the need to form in the students a chemical picture of the world in accordance with the didactic model developed by the authors to systematize the contents in Chemistry teaching. The concept of chemical reaction is defined in a general way, pursuing the central aim of the didactic idea, and also in an operational way, in search of a practical guide to study the chemical bond. The concepts of bond, bonding energy, and others are given a systematic treatment within these ideas.
Distintos tipos de constantes en física y aprendizaje significativo de la disciplina
Authors: Colombo de Cudmani L. , Salinas Julia , Pesa de Danón M.
Published: June 2021

From teaching experience data, some problems referred to the learning of conceptuations of constants that appear in the relation between physical magnitudes, are delimited. Some significative problems are identified. Two general hypothesis and four derived hypothesis are formulated. In order to get more information some questionnaires are prepared. The students' answers are analysed in different groups. Some clues are identified trying to explain the observed behaviours. They are useful as a base for the proposal of teaching strategies.
Educación tecnológica: una nueva asignatura en todo el mundo
Authors: Gilbert J. K.
Published: June 2021

This paper has three interlocking themes. The first relates to rationales for the inclusion of technology education in the school curriculum worldwide. The second deals with the issues that have to be addressed as that inclusion is either made or extended. The third is the relation between technology and the environment, which has implications for the problems addressed by technology education.
Enseñanza para u cambio conceptual: ejemplos de fuerza y de movimiento
Authors: Hewson P. W. , Beeth M. E.
Published: June 2021

In this article the possibility of learning as a conceptual change and the way of teaching appropriate for this is discussed. This teaching has to have certain characteristics and ensure that the debate in the classroom is centered on the explicit ideas of the children, the status of which must be discussed and negotiated. To achieve this, the curriculum must give importance to the justification of ideas, the debate must be metacognitive and the role of the professor must be more active and diversified. One example of this way of teaching is presented in the article.
Una investigación sobre habilidades para el aprendizaje científico
Authors: Bandiera J. , Duprè F. , Ianniello M. G. , Vicentini Missoni M.
Published: June 2021

We report on the natural sciences aspects (physics and biology) of a more complete research on the prerequisites which university teachers expect from freshmen, and the actual capabilities of students at the end of their secondary school. This research has been done on 120 students of 15 classes in Rome (Ltaly). We have tested their ability of transposition among verbal, mathematical and graphical languages, of reading non -elementary graphs, of utilizing empirical data. The conclusion is that at the end of their high school students are largely unprepared to cope with scientific studies, because of their low training to assume analytic attitudes and to operate in formalized manners.
Experiencias de cátedra en las clases de física de primer curso de Escuelas Técnicas
Authors: Meseguer J. M. , Mas J.
Published: June 2021

We  have performed a set of lecture room experiences in a Physics course at the Escuela Universitaria de Informática, of the Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; we have studied the effects produced on the students. This paper shows that we can prepare and perform this method easily, and also its low cost. On the other hand, the general assessment of the students is positive, and it is particularly helpful to improve the motivation and the understanding of the concepts.
Utilización de los ordenadores en la enseñanza de las ciencias
Authors: Valdés P. , Valdés R.
Published: June 2021

The object of this article is to discuss the relevance of the use of microcomputers in science teaching. The authors consider that using microcomputers in order to let students get familiar with the methodological changes they have caused in contemporary scientific -technical activity, could produce radical transformations in science teaching.
Uso de los ciclos de aprendizaje para la enseñanza de destrezas de razonamiento científico y de sistemas conceptuales
Authors: Lawson A. E.
Published: June 2021

This paper deals with an important tool in science education, learning cycles. The author covers this topic through a historical perspective about their origins, a theoretical position about their use (covering the nature of declarative and procedural knowledge and the constructive process of formation of concepts and the relationship of the latter with conceptual change), and concludes with a description of the three types learning cycles and their accomplishment of improving students' declarative and procedural knowledge. The examples along the text are specially devoted to biology.
La construcción histórica del concepto de tiempo geológico
Authors: Pedrinaci Emilio
Published: June 2021

In this work different subconcepts that integrate the concept of geological time are analized from a historical and epistemological point of view. Some of the obstacles that they have historically had in their construction and their didactic implications ase shown.
Contribuciones de la filosofía de la ciencia a la didáctica de las ciencias
Authors: Mellado Jiménez Vicent , Carracedo D.
Published: June 2021

In this article we show the importance of the philosophy science to found epistemologically science education. Later, we study the philosophical empiricist, rationalist schools and Popper, Lakatos, Kuhn, Laudan, Toulmin and Feyerabend. Finally, we establish analogies between the patterns of scientific knowledge in the studied schools and the patterns in scientific learning.
La meteorología en la enseñanza de las ciencias experimentales: una propuesta interdisciplinar e integradora
Authors: Borru J. M. , Camps J. , Maixé J. M.
Published: June 2021

In this paper the authors describe a possible introduction of Meteorology into the new secondary education. A didactic approach, as well as examples of contents and activities, is proposed.
¿Qué pueden aportar a los enseñantes los diferentes enfoques de la didáctica de las Matemáticas? (primera parte)
Authors: Brousseau Guy
Published: June 2021

This paper offers a general view of the relationships between Education, Mathematics Education and Mathematics.
Una propuesta para la introducción del concepto energía en el Bachillerato
Authors: Hierrezuelo Moreno José , Molina E.
Published: June 2021

This paper settles the foundations of a proposal for the introduction of the concept of energy in secondary teaching and analyses the results obtained.
Epistemología y didáctica de las ciencias. Un análisis de segundo orden
Authors: López Rupérez F.
Published: June 2021

This work shows an analysis of the relations ship between epistemology and science learning research. In this context, the progressive character of research programmes in Lakatos's philosophy of science is invoked in order to clarify the place of the non -refuted results of the Piagetian School in the evolution of the Constructivist Paradigm. Several conclusions for the progress of Science Education are also presented.
Educación ambiental y diseño curricular
Authors: Fernández Rojero F. , Moreno Rodríguez Mª L.
Published: June 2021

After using and leaving an active methodology, authors describe a new curricular design for pupils of 1st of B.U.P. in the subject of Nature Science. This new design has the following features: 1st. It tries to be based on the constructivist point of view of learning. 2on. It tries to include Environmental Education in the curriculum.
Experiencias de investigación-acción sobre el aprendizaje por descubrimiento de los circuitos eléctricos
Authors: Martín Muñoz A. , Muñoz Arrabal T. , Rodríguez Cardeña A.
Published: June 2021

Three experiences on the learning of electric circuits are presented through analysis of those psychopedagogical aspects of learning wich are most relevant in the building of the children's scientific thinking.
Las finalidades de la enseñanza de la Física y la Química, vistas por los profesores y alumnos franceses
Authors: Boyer R. , Tiberghien A.
Published: June 2021

This paper tries to clarify the goals that both teachers and students expect from the teaching of Physics and Chemistry.
La didáctica de las ciencias en la formación inicial del profesorado: una orientación y un programa teóricamente fundamentados
Authors: Furió-Mas Carles , Gil D.
Published: June 2021

A theoretical foundation of the orientation to be given to the subjects on science/teaching at the initial teacher training stage is attempted. The most recent developments in this field are taken into account.
La demostración automática de teoremas en Geometría elemental y su repercusión didáctica
Authors: Miranda Díaz I.
Published: June 2021

The relevant role of validatory tasks in the traditional teaching of geometry is currently approached as a mere introduction to logical reasoning. The existence of automatic proof algorithms to any elementary geometry theorem and their recent implementation in computers gives a peculiar character to the kind of reasoning used in this theory —one of the few being decidible— and modifies its educational meaning. On the other hand, the analysis of the way of teaching geometry shows excessive emphasis on training by discovering models, neglecting the building up of theoretical bodies of knowledge. Both facts demand an exploration of new techniques in the teaching of geometric proofs; we describe and analyze the use of educative software (based on A. I. tecnhiques) for automatic proof programs now operating.
Problemas metodológicos en la investigación de las representaciones mentales referidas a temas biológico-naturalistas en los niños de la escuela primaria
Authors: Caravitas S. , Tonucci F.
Published: June 2021

The aim of this paper is to deal with the methodological problems met by the researcher when studying aspects of the child's cognitive development in order to obtain helpful information to modify the school practice.
El aprendizaje de conceptos científicos : aspectos epistemológicos, cognitivos y lingüísticos
Authors: Astolfi Jean-Pierre
Published: June 2021

This paper examines different aspects of topics dealt with over the last years by the team of Science Teaching in the INRP. Since this presentation is reconstructive, no claim for exhaustiveness is made.
Estrategias operativas en la resolución de problemas matemáticos en el ciclo Medio de la E.G.B.
Authors: Alonso García V. , González Carmona A. , Sáenz Barrio O.
Published: June 2021

This work is the result of a research about how children really solve mathematical problems. Twelve strategies have been identified in problems of a very different nature.
Cómo utilizar la historia de las ciencias en la enseñanza de las ciencias
Authors: Gagliardi R.
Published: June 2021

Some elements justifying the use of Science History and Epistemology, with no increase of the amount of information for the students, are offered.
Investigando la realidad próxima : un modelo didáctico alternativo
Authors: Cañal Pedro , Porlán Ariza R.
Published: June 2021

This paper discriminates the concept of investigation from that of scientific investigation, laying the foundations of a model of learning as investigation.
Los conceptos estructurales en el aprendizaje por investigación
Authors: Gagliardi Raúl
Published: June 2021

As a contribution to the making of a new didactical model, this paper faces the following questions:— Which are the mechanisms to understand the learning process?— Which are the pedagogical issues and strategies that may facilitate learning?Specific instances from the teaching of Biology are used.
Enseñanza y aprendizaje de la modelización
Authors: Martinand J.L.
Published: June 2021

A general outline of a research program on the teaching/learning of modelization, being carried out at the moment, is presented. Particular reference is made to the difficulties of learning modelization considering the different types of activities, rhythm, etc. which are suitable to help such learning. As an instance, both relationships force -energy and the atomic model were chosen.
Modelo de comportamiento de materiales ante fuerzas mecánicas
Authors: Jiménez Aleixandre María Pilar
Published: June 2021

This experience was carried out with students in Secondary School as a model of behaviour of different materials exposed to mechanical forces, and their variation under heating and water exposure. The aim is not only the acquisition of knowledge, but mainly the way students learn.
Causas de las dificultades de aplicación del teorema de Arquímedes por los alumnos de Enseñanza Media
Authors: Fernández Fernández J. M.
Published: June 2021

In order to find out the reasons why the students of 2nd year BUP have so much trouble to solve exercises by applying Archimedes' theorem, we have presented them with five questions. From their answers we learn that most of them do not relate the volume of displaced liquid to that of the submerged body, but to its mass or weight. For most of the students the more mass or weight of the submerged body, the more volume of displaced liquid.
Apuntes para una programación didáctica de la astronomía en la Enseñanza Media
Authors: Domènech A. , Domènech T. , Casasus Mª E. , Bella Mª Teresa
Published: June 2021

Aims, stages and methodology programmed for a secondary school course on Astronomy are discussed. A didactic approach based on the guided -discovery method, exemplified by a model -activity series, is proposed. A model of introduction to the use of the formalisms in Position Astronomy, exemplified by the local celestial sphere, is also included.
Un intento de hacer ciencia para enseñar ciencias
Authors: Comín del Río P.
Published: June 2021

A methodological didactic experience is presented on the unit «the soil as nexus between Geology and Biology» as an example of learning through discovering.
Utilización de experimentos grabados en vídeo en la enseñanza de la microbiologia
Authors: Tejedor C. , Leal F. , Chordi A.
Published: June 2021

This paper describes individualized television instruction involving active Univesity students participation with computer assisted questionary. The experiments on microbial growth and genetics were videotaped. Students collected data directly from the television screen. Student accuracy was found to be excellent. Students found these videotaped experiments with computer assisted questionary an adequate substitute for the laboratory sessions. Videotaped experiments with computer assisted learning, which involve the students directly, are one option to take into account when planning future learning programmes. These have the advantage or providing the student with an experience that tnigth otherwise be too time consuming, expensive, dangerous or complicated to be performed in a traditional laboratory.
Revisión de la enseñanza de las ciencias en Gran Bretaña
Authors: West R.W.
Published: June 2021

After a brief review of the British educational system and the position of science education therein, the aims and methodology of the project known as «Secondary Science Curriculum Review» are introduced.
Actividad práctica de genética de poblaciones para alumnos de C.O.U.
Authors: Conde Domingo G.
Published: June 2021

Starting from two populations with identical genic frequencies, one of them being balanced and the other unbalanced, and being their genes represented by «pieces of paper)) that may be taken out at random from a box or bag, we sha!l obtain the same genotypic frequencies in both of them, coinciding with those of the balanced population. Students must deduce the necessary conditions for equilibrium in a population by comparing the different genic and genotypic frequencies of both original populations with the populations resulting from this experiment.
Un ejemplo de renovación pedagógica de las enseñanzas científicas universitarias a escala internacional
Authors: Gomel M.
Published: June 2021

In this article three strategies, complementary to the renewing of Universíty scientific teaching, are briefly described; and some specific samples of the results obtained in Chemistry are presented.
Hacer matemáticas
Authors: Hernán Francisco
Published: June 2021

Reproductive thinking, the habit of using ready-made answers, has Iwo advantages: it is easier both to reach and to test. Productive thinking, creating new answers and using new organizations is more difficult to teach and needs more time and more dynamic teaching relations. Through the process of two problem -solving situations (one by 14-15 years old pupils and the other by 15-16 years old) some reasons are suggested in this paper which argue in favour of mathematical activities more creative than repetitive.
Assessment of Tourism Suitability and Carrying Capacity of Selected Tourist Sites in Tinambac, Camarines Sur, The Philippines
Authors:   School of Graduate Studies, Partido State University, Goa, Camarines Sur, Philippines, Luna Yumi V. De
Published: June 2021

Achieving sustainable tourism requires tourist sites management that is based on empirical studies. This paper utilized the analyses of tourism suitability index and Boullon’s Carrying Capacity Mathematical Model (BCCMM) in assessing four selected tourist sites of Tinambac, Camarines Sur, which offers a wide range of tourist destinations. Results showed that all four sites have the following suitability index and carrying capacity: 76.19% with 43 persons per day; 80.95% with 60 persons per day; 86.90% with 359 persons per day; and 91.67% with 612 persons per day, respectively. Based on the assessment, the four selected tourist sites are suitable for tourism destinations.
Predicting the colour associated with odours using an electronic nose
Authors: Ward Ryan , Rahman Shammi , Wuerger Sophie , Marshall Alan
Published: June 2021

Predicting olfactory perception with an electronic nose can aid in the design and evaluation of olfactory-based experiences. We investigate whether the human perception of odours can be predicted outside the bounds of perceived pleasantness and semantic descriptors. We tuned an electronic nose to predict an odour's colour in the CIELAB colour space using human judgements. This revealed that the crossmodal associations people have towards colours could be predicted. Our electronic nose system can predict an odour's colour with a 70 – 81% machine-human similarity rating. These findings suggest a systematic and predictable link exists between the chemical features of odours and the colour associated to them. These findings highlight the possibilities of predicting human olfactory perception using an electronic nose.
Applying remote health monitoring to understand users’ QoE in multisensory applications in real-time
Authors: Celestrini Jordano R. , Saleme Estêvão B. , Murray Niall , Andreão Rodrigo V. , Santos Celso A. S.
Published: June 2021

User’s Quality of Experience (QoE) understanding from objective metrics has been increasingly explored in multisensory research. However, capturing physiological data adds a degree of difculty to an already complex environment composed of software to reproduce content and actuators to deliver sensory eﬀects. In this paper, we introduce the potential use of remote patient monitoring (RPM) systems to monitor users’ QoE through a specifc tool named HealthDash. We aim to raise discussion around them in digital multisensory experiences, their application, advantages and disadvantages, and challenges and opportunities.
Using Multisensory Technologies to Stimulate People: a Reflexive Paper on Scenagrams
Authors: Jost Céline , Le Pévédic Brigitte , Uzan Gérard
Published: June 2021

This paper aims at discussing the interest to use multisensory technologies for humans cognition training. First it introduces multisensory interactions making a focus on advancement in two fields: Human-Computer Interaction and mulsemedia. Second, it presents two different multisensory systems resulting from Robadom and StimSense projects that could be adapted for the community. Then, this paper defines the concept of scenagram and gives its application scopes, boundaries and use cases, offering a first classification of this new concept.
Der diskrete Charme der Gesellschaftsdiagnose. Wesen und Wirkung eines soziologischen Genres
Authors: Bogner Alexander
Published: June 2021

Gesellschaftsdiagnosen haben als eine Variante öffentlicher Soziologie eine wichtige Legitimationsfunktion für das Fach. Zumindest, sofern die Gesellschaftsdiagnose als legitime Spielart soziologischer Theoriebildung gilt. Um dies zu begründen, wird zunächst das Verhältnis zwischen Gesellschaftsdiagnose, Zeitdiagnose und Gesellschaftstheorie beleuchtet. Im Anschluss werden Prämissen, Problemstellungen und Konstruktionsprinzipien der Gesellschaftsdiagnose rekonstruiert. Gesellschaftsdiagnosen, so die zentrale These, leben von der gelungenen Kombination aus einer auf das Wesenhafte abzielenden Gesellschaftsbeschreibung, der plausiblen Konstruktion eines Epochenbruchs innerhalb der Moderne und einer moderat kulturkritischen Tonlage. Der diskrete Charme der Gesellschaftsdiagnose, so die Schlussfolgerung, besteht darin, dass gerade eine „altmodische“ Form des Theoretisierens in der Lage ist, die modischen Ansprüche verstärkten Problem- und Öffentlichkeitsbezugs zu erfüllen, mit denen sich heute auch und gerade die Soziologie konfrontiert sieht.
Die Sache mit der Technologie: Zur Neuordnung eines analytischen Bereichs in den Internationalen Beziehungen
Authors: Leese Matthias
Published: June 2021

Das letzte Jahrzehnt hat einige technologische Quantensprünge mit sich gebracht, die sowohl die internationale Politik als auch deren wissenschaftliche Rezeption geprägt haben. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die aktuellen Debatten in Bezug auf die analytische Einordnung von Technologie in den Internationalen Beziehungen (IB) und identifiziert drei größere, zusammenhängende Trends. Der erste Trend kritisiert den vorherrschenden Technik-Determinismus und die analytische Externalisierung von Technologie als Variable in den IB. Der zweite Trend drückt sich in einer zunehmenden konzeptionellen Hinwendung zu technik- und wissenschaftssoziologischen Perspektiven aus. Der dritte Trend beinhaltet eine teilweise methodologische Rekalibrierung hin zu qualitativ-empirischer Feldforschung.
(K)Eine Frage des Führungsstils?
Authors: Söker Philipp
Published: June 2021

Die Verhandlungen um das Atomabkommen mit dem Iran, das federführend von Präsident Barack Obama ausgehandelt wurde, und die einseitige Aufkündigung des Abkommens durch einen präsidentiellen Beschluss von Donald J. Trump am 18. Mai 2018 werfen die Frage auf, welche Bedeutung der Person und dem Führungsstil des Präsidenten bei zwischenstaatlichen Verhandlungen und der Einhaltung multilateraler Abkommen zukommt. In diesem Beitrag wurden die Führungsstile von Präsident Barack Obama und Präsident Donald J. Trump mithilfe der Führungsstilanalyse identifiziert und miteinander verglichen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Präsidenten einen nahezu identischen Führungsstil aufweisen. Auf der Ebene der Führungsmerkmale unterschieden sich die Präsidenten hingegen wesentlich auf den Ausprägungen „Misstrauen gegenüber Anderen“ (PO niedriger) und „Aufgabenfokus“ (PT niedriger). Es wird gezeigt, dass interpersonelle Unterschiede in den Ausprägungen der Führungsmerkmale den differenten Umgang mit dem iranischen Atomabkommen teilweise erklären können. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen die empirische Relevanz von individuellen Dispositionen in der amerikanischen Außenpolitik.
Open Data in der Berliner Verwaltung
Authors: Kraus Sascha , Thapa Basanta E.P.
Published: June 2021

Interne und externe Servicestellen sollen die Bereitstellung von Open Gov ernment Data (OGD) durch die Verwaltung vorantreiben, indem sie etwa Vorteile aufzeigen, Sorgen zerstreuen, organisationale Voraussetzungen schaffen und externen Druck verstärken. Diese Fallstudie betrachtet die Open Data Informationsstelle Berlin (ODIS) als externe OGD-Servicestelle und untersucht ihre Wirkung auf die Datenbereitstellung der Berliner Bezirksverwaltungen. Die Auswertung von Experteninterviews mit sieben Open-Data-Beauftragten und Datenkoordinatoren in sechs Bezirksämtern zeigt einen schwachen positiven Einfluss von ODIS auf die Bereitschaft zur Datenveröffentlichung durch Informations- und Beratungsangebote, die Unterstützung von Pilotprojekten und die Vernetzung von Communities of Practice. Allerdings verfügt die Informationsstelle mangels Entscheidungs- und Weisungsbefugnissen gegenüber den Bezirksverwaltungen nicht über das hierarchische Gewicht, um etwa Ressourcenmangel oder allgemeinem Widerstand gegen Open Data effektiv entgegenzuwirken.
Das Gesetz gegen Doping im Sport in der Praxis – Eine Evaluierung
Authors: Hoven Elisa , Kubiciel Michael
Published: June 2021

The act against doping in sport stands at the end of an intensive legal discussion. The main points of contention were the introduction of a punishable ban on self-doping and the relationship between national criminal law and the law governing sports associations. Five years after the act came into force, the authors undertook an evaluation of its provisions and its practical application on behalf of the German Federal Government. The book uses case studies and interviews to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of the act against doping in sport. In this way, the book serves both to understand national legal practice and to provide guidance for legislators and sports associations.