bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infant sex at birth and long‐term maternal mortality
Authors: Grandi Sonia M. , Hinkle Stefanie N. , Mumford Sunni L. , Sjaarda Lindsey A. , Grantz Katherine L. , Mendola Pauline , Mills James L. , Pollack Anna Z. , Yeung Edwina , Zhang Cuilin , Schisterman Enrique F.
Published: January 2023

Background

Maternal adaptations may vary by foetal sex. Whether male infants influence long‐term mortality in mothers remains uncertain.

Objective

The objective of the study was to examine whether male infants increase the risk of maternal mortality.

Methods

This study included pregnant women enrolled at 12 US sites from 1959 to 1966 in the Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP). Collaborative Perinatal Project records were linked to the National Death Index and the Social Security Master Death File to ascertain deaths until 2016. Foetal sex was determined by infant sex at birth, defined as the total number of male or female infants in pregnancies prior to or during enrolment in the CPP. In secondary analyses, exposure was defined as infant sex at the last CPP delivery. Outcomes included all‐cause and underlying causes of mortality. We used Cox proportional hazards models weighted by the number of prior live births and stratified our models by parity and race/ethnicity.

Results

Among 48,188 women, 50.8% had a male infant at their last registered CPP pregnancy and 39.0% had a recorded death after a mean follow‐up of 47.8 years (SD 10.5 years). No linear association was found between the number of liveborn males and all‐cause mortality (primipara women: HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.95, 1.09, multipara women, 1 prior live birth: HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.89, 1.03, multipara women, ≥2 prior live births: HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.85, 1.11). A similar trend was noted for cardiovascular‐ and cancer‐related mortality. At the last delivery, women with a male infant did not have an increased risk of all‐cause or cause‐specific mortality compared to women with a female infant. These findings were consistent across racial/ethnic groups.

Conclusions

Women who give birth to male infants, regardless of number, are not at increased risk of all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality. These findings suggest that giving birth to male infants may not independently influence the long‐term health of women.
Non-Linear Dynamic Modeling and Analysis of Split-Torque Face-Gear Drive Systems
Authors: Aydoğan Mustafa Özgür , Sarıbay Zihni B. , Özgüven H. Nevzat
Published: January 2023

A non-linear dynamic model of a multi-mesh involute spur pinion-driven face-gear split-torque drive system is developed. The lumped mass model consists of five pinions and two face-gears with seven rotational degrees-of-freedom. Model includes two inputs, two outputs, and three idler gears meshing with two identical face-gears at the bottom and top of the assembly. Face-gear tooth form and corresponding spur gear teeth are established by differential geometry and the theory of gearing. Face-gear drive system mesh stiffnesses are established by utilizing finite strip method for the first time in the literature. The mesh stiffness and damping are time-variant. The model includes clearance-type non-linearity. The harmonic balance method is utilized to solve the non-linear differential equations of motion. The results are compared with the time simulation results. The stability is checked with Floquet theory and bifurcation diagrams from Poincare sections. The model is fully capable of generating the tooth geometries, mesh stiffnesses, and gear train dynamics without reliance on any package programs. Hence, the model provides flexibility and fast computation for parametric studies compared to existing literature. The effect of the pinions’ orientations on the face-gear is investigated to evaluate the mesh phasing effects among system dynamic response. The effect of sub-harmonic motion on the dynamic response of the split-torque face-gear system is also demonstrated for the first time in the literature. The case studies demonstrate that sub-harmonic resonance peaks are avoided.
How moderation affects remote psychophysical tasks with children
Authors: Gijbels Liesbeth , Lee Adrian KC
Published: January 2023

The increasing use of remote platforms for auditory research necessitates more in-depth evaluation of assessment protocols, especially when working with children. This work investigates the influence of the presence of a moderator on remote audiovisual speech perception studies, by assessing how moderation impacts children's understanding and performance of the psychophysical tasks as well as their attention on these tasks. In sum, moderated and unmoderated methods can reliably assess audiovisual speech perception benefits. However, regardless of similar error patterns between both studies, unmoderated online studies with children are prone to more general attention lapses as suggested by higher overall error rates.
Acting now will reduce glacier loss
Authors: Aðalgeirsdóttir Guðfinna , James Timothy D.
Published: January 2023

Many of the world’s glaciers will disappear, but quick action will make a difference
The right to strive in a changing world
Justice for Animals: Our Collective Responsibility
Martha C. Nussbaum
Simon & Schuster, 2023. 400 pp.
Authors: Jamieson Dale
Published: January 2023

A philosopher prioritizes agency and Anthropocene concerns in a theory of animal justice
Molecular Characteristics of an NDM-4 and OXA-181 Co-Producing K51-ST16 Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: Study of Its Potential Dissemination Mediated by Conjugative Plasmids and Insertion Sequences
Authors: Zhang Feilong , Li Ziyao , Liu Xinmeng , Luo Guolan , Wu Yongli , Li Chen , Zhao Jiankang , Zhang Yulin , Hu Yanning , Lu Binghuai
Published: January 2023

The carbapenem-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(CRKP) strain GX34 was recovered from the respiratory tract of an elderly male with severe pneumonia, and only susceptible to amikacin, tigecycline, and colistin. Complete genome suggested that it belonged to K51-ST16 and harbored plasmid-encoded NDM-4 and OXA-181, located on IncFIB plasmid GX34p1_NDM-4 and ColKP3/IncX3 plasmid GX34p4_OXA-181, respectively. A series of transconjugants generated in the plasmid conjugation assays, including
Escherichia coli
J53-N1 (harboring a self-transmissible and
bla
NDM-1
-producing plasmid Eco-N-1-p), J53-N2 (harboring a
bla
NDM-4
-producing plasmid and a helper plasmid GX34p5), and J53-O (harboring a
bla
OXA-181
-producing plasmid), could be stably inherited after 10 days of serial passage and no significant biological fitness costs were detected. Furthermore, we first reported the
bla
NDM-1
gene, derived from
bla
NDM-4
mutation (460C>A) under meropenem pressure, could be
in vitro
transferred into a self-conjugative, recombined plasmid Eco-N-1-p of J53-N1. Eco-N-1-p was mainly recombined by GX34p4_OXA-181 (40,449 bp, 75.16%) and GX34p1_NDM-4 (8,553 bp, 15.89%), in which IS
26
and IS
5-like
probably played a major role. Eco-N-1-p could be transferred into the conjugation recipient
K. pneumoniae
KP54 and make the latter sacrifice fitness. The retention rates of
bla
NDM-1
remained high stability (>80% after 200 generations). The comparative genomic analysis of GX34 and those carrying
bla
NDM-4
or
bla
OXA-181
genes retrieved from the NCBI RefSeq database showed all
bla
NDM-4
(26/26, 100.00%) and
bla
OXA-181
(13/13, 100.00%) were surrounded by IS
26
. The immediate environment of
bla
NDM-4
and
bla
OXA-181
in GX34 and some retrieved strains shared identical features, hinting at their possible dissemination. Effective measures should be taken to monitor the spread of this clone.
Targeting Multidrug-Recalcitrant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms: Combined-Enzyme Treatment Enhances Antibiotic Efficacy
Authors: Zhang Yixin , Wei Wei , Wen Huamei , Cheng Zhongle , Mi Zhongwen , Zhang Jing , Liu Xiaolong , Fan Xinjiong
Published: January 2023

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is an opportunistic pathogen that forms biofilms during infection, resulting in recalcitrance to antibiotic treatment. Biofilm inhibition is a promising research direction for the treatment of biofilm-associated infections.
Plant Community Associates with Rare Rather than Abundant Fungal Taxa in Alpine Grassland Soils
Authors: Tang Li , Xue Kai , Pang Zhe , Jiang Lili , Zhang Biao , Wang Weijing , Wang Shiping , Xu Zhihong , Rui Yichao , Zhong Lei , Che Rongxiao , Li Tong , Zhou Shutong , Wang Kui , Du Jianqing , Wang Zongsong , Cui Xiaoyong , Hao Yanbin , Wang Yanfen
Published: January 2023

Our current understanding of the ecology and functions of rare microbial taxa largely relies on research conducted on prokaryotes. Despite the key ecological roles of soil fungi, little is known about the biogeographic patterns and drivers of rare and abundant fungi in soils.
MRSA Isolates from Patients with Persistent Bacteremia Generate Nonstable Small Colony Variants
In Vitro
within Macrophages and Endothelial Cells during Prolonged Vancomycin Exposure
Authors: Fauerharmel-Nunes Thiago , Flannagan Ronald S. , Goncheva Mariya I. , Bayer Arnold S. , Fowler Vance G. , Chan Liana C. , Yeaman Michael R. , Xiong Yan Q. , Heinrichs David E.
Published: January 2023

Staphylococcus aureus
(especially methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
[MRSA]) is frequently associated with persistent bacteremia (PB) during vancomycin therapy despite consistent susceptibility
in vitro
. Strategic comparisons of PB strains versus those from vancomycin-resolving bacteremia (RB) would yield important mechanistic insights into PB outcomes.
Performance Evaluation of the BACTEC MGIT 960 System for Rifampin Drug-Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Using the Current WHO Critical Concentration
Authors: Yu Hui-Jin , Kim Tae Yeul , Kim Gangmin , Shim Hyang Jin , Kang On Kyun , Kim Seungmo , Kim Chang-Ki , Jhun Byung Woo , Lee Nam Yong , Huh Hee Jae , Lee Hee Joo
Published: January 2023

The World Health Organization recently lowered the rifampin (RIF) critical concentration (CC) for drug-susceptibility testing (DST) of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
complex (MTBC) using the mycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) 960 system. Here, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of the MGIT system with the revised CC for determining MTBC RIF resistance with 303 clinical MTBC isolates, including 122 isolates with
rpoB
mutations, of which 32 had single borderline-resistance mutations, and 181 wild-type
rpoB
isolates.
Kinesin-1 Regulates Endocytic Trafficking of Classical Swine Fever Virus along Acetylated Microtubules
Authors: Lou Jin-xiu , Liu Ya-yun , Bai Ji-shan , Cheng Yan , Zhang Jin , Liu Chun-chun , Zhou Bin
Published: January 2023

The minus end-directed cytoplasmic dynein and the plus end-directed kinesin-1 are the molecular motors that transport cargo on microtubules in intracellular trafficking, which plays a notable role in the life cycles of diverse viruses. Our previous studies have reported that the CSFV entry host cell is dependent on the microtubule-based motor dynein.
Melaninization Reduces Cryptococcus neoformans Susceptibility to Mechanical Stress
Authors: Mattoon Ellie Rose , Cordero Radames J. B. , Casadevall Arturo
Published: January 2023

Melanin was shown in prior microbiological experiments to be associated with protection against environmental stressors, and it has often been cited as being associated with mechanical stress protection. However, there is a lack of direct experimentation to confirm this claim.
Specific Disruption of Ras2 CAAX Proteolysis Alters Its Localization and Function
Authors: Ravishankar Rajani , Hildebrandt Emily R. , Greenway Grace , Asad Nadeem , Gore Sangram , Dore Timothy M. , Schmidt Walter K.
Published: January 2023

CAAX proteins are subject to multiple posttranslational modifications: cysteine prenylation, CAAX proteolysis, and carboxylmethylation. For investigations of CAAX proteolysis, this study took the novel approach of using a proteolysis-resistant CAAX sequence to stage
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Ras2 GTPase in a farnesylated and nonproteolyzed state.
Gut Microbiome Composition of the Fire Ant Solenopsis invicta: an Integrated Analysis of Host Genotype and Geographical Distribution
Authors: Xiao Qian , Wang Lei , Chen Si-Qi , Zheng Chun-Yan , Lu Yong-Yue , Xu Yi-Juan
Published: January 2023

We demonstrated that gut microbiota composition and diversity varied among populations. These among-population differences were associated with host genotype and geographical distribution. Our results suggested that population-level differences in
S. invicta
gut microbiota may depend more on environmental factors than on host genotype.
Supplemental Material: Slab window–related magmatism as a probe for pyroxenite heterogeneities in the upper mantle
Authors: Hole M J , al. et
Published: January 2023

Details of accumulated fractional melting model, partition coefficients and analytical techniques employed during the study. 
Supplemental Material: Inclination and heterogeneity of layered geological sequences influence dike-induced ground deformation
Authors: Clunes Matías , al. et
Published: January 2023

Extended information about the numerical model setup (text and Figures S1 and S2), a geological map for Figures 1E and 1D (Figure S3), extended results (text and Figures S4-S19) and datasets (surface displacement data in 36 Excel files and 5 COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4 files) with an explanatory text for each one. 
Supplemental Material: Architecture and permeability structure of the Sibillini Mts. Thrust and influence upon recent, extension-related seismicity in the central Apennines (Italy) through fault-valve behavior
Authors: Curzi Manuel , et al.
Published: January 2023

Supplemental Text: Methods. Figure S1: (a) View of the ca. 300 m long tunnel. (b) Entrance of the tunnel, where the NE-verging thrust surface which juxtaposes the Scaglia Bianca limestones onto the Scaglia Rossa limestones (intermediate horses) is exposed. (c) NW-plunging fault-bend fold along the tectonic contact between the structurally highest and the underlying horses (structural site no. 4; see Figs. 2 and 3 for location). The contact is represented by SW-dipping, NE-verging thrusts which juxtapose the Maiolica cherty limestones onto the Marne a Fucoidi marly limestones. (d) Tectonic contact between the structurally highest and the underlying horses (structural site no. 4; see Figs. 2 and 3 for location). The contact is represented by three SW-dipping, NE-verging thrusts which juxtapose the Maiolica cherty limestones onto the Marne a Fucoidi marly limestones. The Maiolica lithotypes form metric lenses characterized by an internal structure imbricated toward NE. The Marne a Fucoidi pelagites exhibit highly (marly) and poorly (calcareous) foliated domains. Note a NW-plunging fault-bend fold above the lower thrust. (e, f) Detail of the metric lensoidal lithons of Maiolica characterized by an internal structure imbricated toward NE and embedded within highly-foliated Marne a Fucoidi pelagites. (g) Highly-foliated Marne a Fucoidi pelagites. (h) Metric imbricated sigmoidal lithons of Maiolica limestones characterized by and internal structure imbricated toward NE. Figure S2: X-ray diffraction patterns for randomly oriented mounts for the different grain-size fractions of sample GI12 with reflections of illite polytypes. Table S1: Summary of in situ permeability measurements both within and outside the deformation zone. Table S2: K-Ar data for the gouge samples of the Sibillini Mts. Thrust.
Subcutaneous zygomycosis in an immunocompetent patient caused byBasidiobolus ranarum
Authors: Kadhirvelu Hemanth Kumar , S Murugan , Ramakrishnan Ramya , Premamalini Thayanidhi
Published: January 2023

Zygomycosis is a fungal infection in humans caused by orders Mucorales and Entomophthorales. The incidence of Mucorales causing mucormycosis is on a rise and is well documented, whereas Entomophthorales is rare. Among Entomophthorales, infections caused byConidiobolusare more common thanBasidiobolus. Here we present a case of subcutaneous basidiobolomycosis in a female patient. The patient had hyperpigmentation in the thigh region for 6 months and serous discharge for 4 months. All initial findings suggested the inflammatory stage of morphea. Differential diagnoses of granuloma annulare, malignant melanoma and morphea were considered radiologically. A good suspicion of fungal aetiology by the dermatologist led to an appropriate diagnosis of subcutaneous basidiobolomycosis based on fungal culture and histopathological examination. Based on macroscopic and microscopic findings, the causative organism was confirmed to beBasidiobolus ranarum. The patient was started on oral potassium iodide and itraconazole and showed a good prognosis.
Agreement between patient’s description of abdominal symptoms of possible upper gastrointestinal cancer and general practitioner consultation notes: a qualitative analysis of video-recorded UK primary care consultation data
Authors: Hardy Victoria , Usher-Smith Juliet , Archer Stephanie , Barnes Rebecca , Lancaster John , Johnson Margaret , Thompson Matthew , Emery Jon , Singh Hardeep , Walter Fiona M
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Abdominal symptoms are common in primary care but infrequently might be due to an upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer. Patients’ descriptions may differ from medical terminology used by general practitioners (GPs). This may affect how information about abdominal symptoms possibly due to an UGI cancer are documented, creating potential missed opportunities for timely investigation.

Objectives

To explore how abdominal symptoms are communicated during primary care consultations, and identify characteristics of patients’ descriptions that underpin variation in the accuracy and completeness with which they are documented in medical records.

Methods and analysis

Primary care consultation video recordings, transcripts and medical records from an existing dataset were screened for adults reporting abdominal symptoms. We conducted a qualitative content analysis to capture alignments (medical record entries matching patient verbal and non-verbal descriptions) and misalignments (symptom information omitted or differing from patient descriptions). Categories were informed by the Calgary-Cambridge guide’s ‘gathering information’ domains and patterns in descriptions explored.

Results

Our sample included 28 consultations (28 patients with 18 GPs): 10 categories of different clinical features of abdominal symptoms were discussed. The information GPs documented about these features commonly did not match what patients described, with misalignments more common than alignments (67 vs 43 instances, respectively). Misalignments often featured patients using vague descriptors, figurative speech, lengthy explanations and broad hand gestures. Alignments were characterised by patients using well-defined terms, succinct descriptions and precise gestures for symptoms with an exact location. Abdominal sensations reported as ‘pain’ were almost always documented compared with expressions of ‘discomfort’.

Conclusions

Abdominal symptoms that are well defined or communicated as ‘pain’ may be more salient to GPs than those expressed vaguely or as ‘discomfort’. Variable documentation of abdominal symptoms in medical records may have implications for the development of clinical decision support systems and decisions to investigate possible UGI cancer.
Association between interrupted access to sex work community services during the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in sex workers’ occupational conditions: findings from a community-based cohort study in Vancouver, Canada
Authors: McBride Bronwyn , Shannon Kate , Pearson Jennie , Braschel Melissa , Krüsi Andrea , McDermid Jennifer , Goldenberg Shira M
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Globally, criminalisation has shaped sex workers’ structural exclusion from occupational protections, and this exclusion has been exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. While community organisations aim to bridge this gap through providing health and safety resources for sex workers, many were forced to scale back services when Canadian provinces declared a state of emergency at the pandemic onset. As little empirical research has examined the impacts of sex work community services interruptions amid COVID-19, our objectives were to (1) examine the correlates of interrupted access to community services and (2) model the independent association between interrupted access to community services and changes in working conditions (ie, self-reported increases in workplace violence or fear of violence), among sex workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design, setting and participants

As part of an ongoing community-based cohort of sex workers in Vancouver, Canada (An Evaluation of Sex Workers Health Access, 2010–present), 183 participants completed COVID-19 questionnaires between April 2020 and April 2021.

Analysis

Cross-sectional analysis used bivariate and multivariable logistic regression with explanatory and confounder modelling approaches.

Results

18.6% of participants (n=34) reported interrupted access to community services (closure/reduction in drop-in hours, reduced access to spaces offering sex worker supports and/or reduced access/contact with outreach services). In multivariable analysis, sex workers who had difficulty maintaining social supports during COVID-19 (adjusted OR, AOR 2.29, 95% CI 0.95 to 5.56) and who experienced recent non-fatal overdose (AOR 2.71, 95% CI 0.82 to 8.98) faced marginally increased odds of service interruptions. In multivariable confounder analysis, interrupted access to community services during COVID-19 was independently associated with changes in working conditions (ie, self-reported increases in workplace violence or fear of violence; AOR 4.00, 95% CI 1.01 to 15.90).

Conclusions

Findings highlight concerning implications of community service interruptions for sex workers’ labour conditions. Sustainable funding to community organisations is urgently needed to uphold sex workers’ occupational safety amid COVID-19 and beyond.
Prehabilitation in elective patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a randomised control trial (THE PrEPS TRIAL) – a study protocol
Authors: Akowuah Enoch , Mathias Ayesha , Bardgett Michelle , Harrison Samantha , Kasim Adetayo S , Loughran Kirsti , Ogundimu Emmanuel , Trevis Jason , Wagnild Janelle , Witharana Pasan , Hancock Helen C , Maier Rebecca H
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Prehabilitation prior to surgery has been shown to reduce postoperative complications, reduce length of hospital stay and improve quality of life after cancer and limb reconstruction surgery. However, there are minimal data on the impact of prehabilitation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, despite the fact these patients are generally older and have more comorbidities and frailty. This trial will assess the feasibility and impact of a prehabilitation intervention consisting of exercise and inspiratory muscle training on preoperative functional exercise capacity in adult patients awaiting elective cardiac surgery, and determine any impact on clinical outcomes after surgery.

Methods and analysis

PrEPS is a randomised controlled single-centre trial recruiting 180 participants undergoing elective cardiac surgery. Participants will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to standard presurgical care or standard care plus a prehabilitation intervention. The primary outcome will be change in functional exercise capacity measured as change in the 6 min walk test distance from baseline. Secondary outcomes will evaluate the impact of prehabilitation on preoperative and postoperative outcomes including; respiratory function, health-related quality of life, anxiety and depression, frailty, and postoperative complications and resource use. This trial will evaluate if a prehabilitation intervention can improve preoperative physical function, inspiratory muscle function, frailty and quality of life prior to surgery in elective patients awaiting cardiac surgery, and impact postoperative outcomes.

Ethics and dissemination

A favourable opinion was given by the Sheffield Research Ethics Committee in 2019. Trial findings will be disseminated to patients, clinicians, commissioning groups and through peer-reviewed publication.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN13860094.
Patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) in healthcare education and thesis work: the first step towards PPIE knowledgeable healthcare professionals
Authors: Karlsson Anne Wettergren , Janssens Astrid
Published: January 2023

In this Communication article, we share experiences of collaborating with members of the public during health education. We aim to inspire bachelor, masters and PhD students to engage with patients and the public during their undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate thesis work and to inspire educators to collaborate with patient and public involvement/engagement to develop and deliver teaching and offer their students opportunities to engage with patients and the public. We argue that when patients and the public are included in educational projects, such engagement will be an easier task once students graduate. We argue that including patients and the public in educational project work and encouraging reflections with a person with lived experience benefits students in terms of understanding the importance of reflection and validation, setting positive precedence for their future careers.
Comparison of drug-coated balloon with conventional balloon for angioplasty in symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis
Authors: Tang Yao , Li Tianxiao , Liu Wenbo , He Yanyan , Zhu Liangfu , Wang Zi-Liang , He Yingkun
Published: January 2023

Background

Drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty has been studied for reducing the occurrence of restenosis after treatment for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS), but no comparison has been published of the use of drug-coated and non-coated balloons in angioplasty for ICAS. We aim to compare the safety and efficacy of DCB angioplasty with conventional balloon (CB) angioplasty for the treatment of symptomatic ICAS.

Methods

One hundred cases with symptomatic ICAS treated with DCB (n=49) and CB (n=51) angioplasty were retrospectively analyzed. 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was completed to eliminate bias in the patients selected for further analysis. The periprocedural events and follow-up outcomes between the two groups were compared.

Results

There were 32 cases in each group after PSM. Technical success (<50% residual stenosis) was achieved in 30 cases (93.8%) in the DCB group and in 28 cases (87.5%) in the CB group. The rates of stroke or mortality within 30 days were 3.1% in the DCB group and 6.3% in the CB group (p=1). The incidence of restenosis in the DCB group (6.3%) was significantly lower than that in the CB group (31.3%) (p=0.01).

Conclusions

Compared with CB angioplasty, DCB angioplasty can effectively reduce the incidence of restenosis. Further studies are needed to validate the role of DCB angioplasty in the management of symptomatic ICAS.
Islamic Economics: Comparisons
Authors: Baaquie Belal Ehsan
Published: January 2023

Islamic economics is currently only a theoretical construct with no Muslim majority country practicing it. To get an understanding of what attributes Islamic economics would have in the contemporary world, a comparison is made of the economic systems of the United States, China and the erstwhile Soviet Union. The key to these systems is argued to be found in the macroeconomy of these countries, with the microeconomy being a subsystem that is subordinate to the macroeconomy. Some conclusions are drawn from these examples for Islamic economics.
Integrated approach to improve simulation models in a deep-water heavy oil field with 4D seismic monitoring
Authors: Correia Manuel Gomes , Maleki Masoud , Mesquita da Silva Felipe Bruno , Gomes Alessandra Davolio , Schiozer Denis Jose
Published: January 2023

The geological features revealed by well production data or 4D seismic are often neglected in data assimilation or are disconnected from the geomodelling tasks through simplifications on static and dynamic data. This work provides a workflow to accurately integrate 4D seismic insights through a forward geomodelling approach and provides prior simulation models calibrated with observed dynamic data. The methodology follows four steps: (1) develop the geological model; (2) generate equiprobable geostatistical realizations based on the multiple stochastic approach; (3) apply the discretized Latin Hypercube sampling technique combined with geostatistics realizations (DLHG) method; and (4) validate the geological consistency and uncertainty quantification using the observed dynamic data. The methodology is applied to a real turbiditic reservoir, a heavy oil field in the offshore Campos Basin, Brazil. From the 4D seismic datasets, the following data were available: (1) base survey; (2) monitor-2016; and (3) monitor-2020. The interpreted 4D seismic trends were integrated in the geological model by combining the geometrical modelling technique, for observed structural features, with the objects’ modelling approach, for the observed sand channels. The geostatistical realizations were then combined with dynamic uncertainties using the DLHG method. The quantitative validation based on the Normalized Quadratic Deviation with Signal (NQDS) indicator showed that the generated prior simulation models encompass the observed production data. In addition, the match with observed 4D seismic data based on difference of the root mean square (dRMS) amplitude maps highlighted the value of adding 4D seismic information. This paper presents a successful forward modelling approach to highlight the value of 4D seismic on the calibration of simulation models prior to data assimilation.
Real-life scenario blended teaching approach for nurturing inquisitive learning of central nervous system in medical students
Authors: Narayanan Sareesh Naduvil , Merghani Tarig Hakim
Published: January 2023

In this report, a novel teaching methodology, “real-life scenario (RLS) blended teaching” is described and its effectiveness in facilitating inquisitive learning in undergraduate medical students is evaluated. Students exposed to RLS sessions blended with multiple miniassignments, peer discussions, multiple formative assignments, and facilitator feedback sessions performed well in the summative assessments compared with those exposed to RLS sessions and assignments or exposed to traditional teaching alone. Students preferred active teaching-learning techniques over the traditional method.
The Research on Application of Resistance Compression Network (RCN) in Microwave Rectifying Circuit
Authors: Xia Yong , Shi Xiaowei
Published: January 2023

Resistance compression networks (RCNs) have attracted special attention in the field of wireless power transmission (WPT) since they were put forward. A lot of research work has been done in rectifier basing on RCN for the purpose of increasing conversion efficiency. It is reported that many kinds of rectifiers containing RCN which operate in various circuit and physical forms are proposed. RCN and all kinds of modified versions are studied deeply in this paper, the rectifiers related to which are analyzed also. The results show that RCN only plays the role of bandpass filter (BPF) in the rectifying circuit, which does not reach the original idea of the first proposer. We have different understandings of the rectifying circuits presented in other papers.
Injection of a Bone Substitute in the Treatment of Unicameral Bone Cysts
Authors: Sivakumar B. , An V. V. G. , Dobbe A. , Drynan D. , Little D.
Published: January 2023

Background. Simple bone cysts are benign bony lesions. Treatment strategies are varied for this particular pathology. It remains controversial as to what the ideal treatment strategy is. Recently, bony substitute injections have emerged as a potential option for treatment. This paper aimed to describe our institution’s experience in using bony substitute injections to treat unicameral bone cysts. Methods. A retrospective review of consecutive patients over an 84-month period at a tertiary paediatric hospital was performed. Information regarding patients’ presentation, diagnosis, and management was recorded and summarised. Results. A total of 15 patients were included in our study, with a mean follow-up of 118 weeks. 86.7% of patients demonstrated clinical resolution (absence of pain at the latest follow-up) and 80% of patients demonstrated radiographic resolution. Only one patient sustained a subtrochanteric fracture post-index operation, whilst two others demonstrated redevelopment of cystic architecture on follow-up. Conclusion. This study demonstrates that bone substitute injection is potentially a minimally invasive and seemingly successful technique in the treatment of unicameral bone cysts and other simple bone lesions. Further randomised and comparative studies are required to confirm and validate our findings.
Evaluation of Expression of Cytochrome P450 Aromatase and Inflammatory, Oxidative, and Apoptotic Markers in Testicular Tissue of Obese Rats (Pre)Treated with Garlic Powder
Authors: Li Baicheng , Li Jia , Akbari Abolfazl , Baziyar Payam , Hu Shuwen
Published: January 2023

Today, adolescent obesity is recognized as an epidemic and a cause of reproductive disorders. Decreased testosterone levels occur due to functional defects in the hypothalamus‐pituitary axis, excessive activity of cytochrome P450 aromatase enzyme, and testicular dysfunction in these people. Oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis are also the main mechanisms of testicular damage during obesity. The use of herbal products such as garlic can improve this disorder due to its anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of pretreatment and treatment of garlic powder on the expression of cytochrome P450 aromatase enzyme and the expression of genes involved in testosterone synthesis, inflammation, oxidative damage, apoptosis in testicular tissue, and metabolic function of liver tissue in young male obese rats. Eighty male Wistar rats were divided into the controlled and treated groups. Serum levels of lipid, glucose, and insulin as metabolic factors were measured along with the testicular antioxidant and inflammation markers. The expression of Bcl2, Bax, and caspase‐3 along with NF‐κB, SREBP‐1c, CPT‐1beta, Nrf‐2, CD36, FAS, CYP19A1, P450scc, StAR, 17βHSD, PPARα, and aromatase (CYP19, P450arom) was also measured. Testicular histological evaluation and spermatogenic process was also performed. The results showed that oxidative, inflammatory, and metabolic factors significantly increased in obese rats. The testicular expression of aromatase, NF‐κB, Bax, and caspase 3 increased and Nrf2 expression decreased in obese rats, while (pre) treatment with garlic powder significantly decreased the expression of these genes in obese rats. These results were also confirmed by the findings of the histological evaluation and sperm analysis. It can be concluded that garlic powder could improve reproductive dysfunction in obese rats.
TRIM58 Interacts with ZEB1 to Suppress NSCLC Tumor Malignancy by Promoting ZEB1 Protein Degradation via UPP
Authors: Shang Rongxin , Chen Jiakuan , Gao Yang , Chen Jijun , Han Guoliang
Published: January 2023

Background. Currently, how to successfully control refractory and metastatic diseases remains a fundamental goal for clinicians to improve therapeutic effects for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Several studies have discovered that TRIM58, a member of tripartite motif protein family, shows antitumor effect in multiple types of cancer. In this study, we aimed to further clarify the molecular regulatory network of TRIM58 and corresponding targets for NSCLC patients. Methods. TRIM58 expression in clinical tumor tissue samples and cancer cell lines was examined. Functional experiments including cellular invasion, cell metastasis, chemoresistance assay, and ubiquitination evaluation experiments were conducted to investigate the interaction between TRIM58 and ZEB1, which is a prime element of transcription factor network that controls epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Results. TRIM58 expression was characteristically decreased in NSCLC tumor tissues and cancer cell lines. Functional experiments demonstrated that TRIM58 suppression enhanced malignant biological behaviors including cellular survivability, migration, and invasion, as well as stem-like cellular phenotype of tumor cells. TRIM58 silencing also significantly enhanced the chemoresistance of NSCLC cells to chemoagents. TRIM58-ZEB1 interaction accelerated degradation of ZEB1 protein, thus further leading to the augment of tumor behaviors. Further detailed molecular experiments revealed that the interaction between TRIM58 and ZEB1 was mediated via ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP). Conclusion. TRIM58 suppressed NSCLC through interacting with ZEB1 and promoting ZEB1 protein degradation via UPP. The present research sheds light on the interaction between TRIM58 and ZEB1, and TRIM58/ZEB1 axis might be the potential therapeutic targets of NSCLC.
An Updated Meta-Analysis for Safety Evaluation of Alirocumab and Evolocumab as PCSK9 Inhibitors
Authors: Choi Hye Duck , Kim Ji Hae
Published: January 2023

Background. Alirocumab and evolocumab, as protein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, have been reported to reduce cardiovascular risk. This meta-analysis is aimed at updating the safety data of PCSK9 inhibitors. Methods. We assessed the relative risk for all treatment-related adverse events, serious adverse events, diabetes-related adverse events, and neurocognitive and neurologic adverse events with PCSK9 inhibitors compared to controls (placebo or ezetimibe). In addition, we conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively integrate and estimate the adverse event rates in long-term studies. Results. There were no significant differences between PCSK9 inhibitors and controls in the relative risk analysis. In a subgroup analysis of each PCSK9 inhibitor, alirocumab treatment significantly reduced the risk of serious adverse events compared to control treatment (

risk
 
ratio
 

RR

=
0.937

; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.896–0.980), but no significant difference was observed with evolocumab treatment (

RR
=
1.003

; 95% CI, 0.963–1.054). Moreover, alirocumab treatment afforded a significant reduction in the risk of diabetes-related adverse events compared to control treatment (

RR
=
0.9137

; 95% CI, 0.845–0.987). The overall incidence (event rate) of long-term adverse events was 75.1% (95% CI, 71.2%–78.7%), and the incidence of serious long-term event rate was 16.2% (95% CI, 11.6%–22.3%). Conclusions. We suggest that alirocumab and evolocumab are generally safe and well tolerated and that their addition to background lipid-lowering therapy is not associated with an increased risk of adverse events or toxicity.
The Effects of Neuromodulators on Spasticity, Balance, and Gait in Patients with MS: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study
Authors: Emadi Alireza , Halakoo Sara , Delkhoush Cyrus Taghizadeh , Ehsani Fatemeh
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common neurological disorder in societies. The most common symptoms in patients with MS are gait disorders and spasticity. Pharmacological therapies have mild therapeutic influence with more side effects for management of these symptoms. There is evidence that neuro-rehabilitation techniques have more appropriate effects rather than pharmacological therapies. In this regard, some studies indicated the beneficial effects of brain stimulation techniques on gait improvement and decreasing spasticity in patients with MS, while the others have not shown any efficacy. Accordingly, conducting a meta-analysis study in this issue is very important. Methods: A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science from database inception on December 6, 2020, to find interventional studies assessing the effects of neuromodulators (transcranial direct-current stimulation [tDCS] or transcranial magnetic stimulation [TMS]) on spasticity, balance, and gait in patients with MS. The included studies were qualitatively assessed by the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Finally, the homogeneity studies were analyzed by Stata software. Study-specific results were pooled by using a random-effects model. Results: A total of seven studies were included in the analysis. In the pooled analysis of studies, a significant effect of the TMS technique on spasticity was observed in patients with MS: −0.80 (95% CI: −1.31, −0.29). In addition, no significant effect of the single-session tDCS technique on gait speed was observed in patients with MS: 0.11 (95% CI: −0.11, 0.32). Conclusions: One of the main causes of discrepancy in the findings of included studies is the number of sessions for using neuromodulator techniques. A single session of anodal tDCS is not enough to improve gait in patients with MS. In addition, meta-analysis shows that multi-session TMS is effective intervention for decreasing spasticity in patients with MS.
Scalp Microinfusion: A Novel Drug Delivery Technique for Hair Loss Treatment
Authors: Cortez de Almeida Rita Fernanda , Melo Daniel Fernandes , Tosti Antonella
Published: January 2023

Scalp microinfusion is a promising novel drug delivery technique for hair loss treatment. We discuss the MMP® technique and review its possible use in alopecias. MMP® technique provides a small amount of drugs delivered homogeneously into the skin combined with micro-needling and can, therefore, provide optimal delivery. However, literature on this technique is limited to a few case reports despite its wide use in some countries. Further studies are needed to standardize protocols.
Identification of Hub Genes Correlated with the Initiation and Development in Chronic Kidney Disease via Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Zhu Kai , Li Xinxin , Gao Likun , Ji Mengyao , Huang Xu , Zhao Yu , Diao Wenxiu , Fan Yanqin , Chen Xinghua , Luo Pengcheng , Shen Lei , Li Lili
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health issue worldwide, which is characterized by irreversible loss of nephron and renal function. However, the molecular mechanism of CKD remains underexplored. Methods: This study integrated three transcriptional profile datasets to investigate the molecular mechanism of CKD. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between Sham control (Con) and unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-operated mice were analyzed by utilizing the limma package in R. The shared DEGs were analyzed by Gene Ontology and functional enrichment. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) were constructed by utilizing the STRING database. Hub genes were analyzed by MCODE and Cytohubba. We further validated the gene expression by using the other dataset and mouse UUO model. Results: A total of 315 shared DEGs between Con and UUO samples were identified. Gene function and KEGG pathway enrichment revealed that DEGs were mainly enriched in inflammatory response, immune system process, and chemokine signaling pathway. Two modules were clustered based on PPI network analysis. Module 1 contained 13 genes related to macrophage activation, migration, and chemotaxis. Ten hub genes were identified by PPI network analysis. Subsequently, the expression levels of hub genes were validated with the other dataset. Finally, these four validated hub genes were further confirmed by our UUO mice. Three validated hub genes, Gng2, Pf4, and Ccl9, showed significant response to UUO. Conclusion: Our study reveals the coordination of genes during UUO and provides a promising gene panel for CKD treatment. GNG2 and PF4 were identified as potential targets for developing CKD drugs.
Mast Cell Sarcoma of Small Intestine, Early Diagnosis, and Good Prognosis: An Extremely Rare Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Geramizadeh Bita , Nabavizadeh Sara , Rezvani Alireza , Shamsolvaezin Nadereh , Zahedinassab Alireza , Khodadadi Neda , Iranpour Pouya
Published: January 2023

Gastrointestinal mast cell sarcoma is a rare variant of mastocytosis. It is a unifocal tumor with high destructive capacity and metastatic potential. Diagnosis of mast cell sarcoma can be challenging and might be so delayed that unfavorable prognosis may be expected. In this case report, we will describe our experience with a case of mast cell sarcoma in the small intestine of an elderly woman, which was diagnosed early on throughout the course of her disease and successfully treated. The patient was a 59-year-old woman who presented with abdominal pain, flushing, weight loss, and vomiting. Imaging studies supported the existence of an infiltrative neoplasm in the jejunum. Then, surgical removal of the tumor was performed. The presence of mast cells in the resected tumor was confirmed by immunohistochemistry, histopathology, and Giemsa staining. After almost a year of follow-up, the patient’s overall condition was fine, and no signs of recurrence were found. This is the first reported case of successfully treated gastrointestinal mast cell sarcoma. All of the previously reported cases had been diagnosed after recurrence with no response to treatment. Our case shows the significance of early diagnosis and treatment in this condition and its impact on outcome and prognosis. That could be achieved only if the pathologist has a high suspicion for this rare disease and keeps it in the back of one’s mind.
Microglial Characterization in Transient Human Neurodevelopmental Structures
Authors: Menassa David A. , Kopić Janja , Junaković Alisa , Kostović Ivica , Krsnik Željka
Published: January 2023

Human neurodevelopment is characterized by the appearance, development, and disappearance or transformation of various transient structures that underlie the establishment of connectivity within and between future cortical and subcortical areas. Examples of transient structures in the forebrain (among many others) include the subpial granular layer and the subplate zone. We have previously characterized the precise spatiotemporal dynamics of microglia in the human telencephalon. Here, we describe the diversity of microglial morphologies in the subpial granular layer and the subplate zone. Where possible, we couple the predominant morphological phenotype with functional characterizations to infer tentative roles for microglia in a changing neurodevelopmental landscape. We interpret these findings within the context of relevant morphogenetic and neurogenetic events in humans. Due to the unique genetic, molecular, and anatomical features of the human brain and because many human neurological and psychiatric diseases have their origins during development, these structures deserve special attention.