bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Muscle activation and biceps brachii strength under manual fixation of the scapula and different loading conditions
Authors: Yun Sungjoon , Kim Yongwook
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND:

Few studies have reported the contribution of isometric-specific exercise of the biceps brachii muscle to increased strength under manual fixation of the scapula.

OBJECTIVE:

To investigate the activation amplitude of the biceps brachii (BB), serratus anterior (SA), and upper trapezius (UT) in a supine lying posture based on various exercise conditions.

METHODS:

The EMG activity of BB, SA, and UT was measured in 25 healthy adults while performing maximal elbow flexion exercise with or without manual stabilization of the scapula in two different loading conditions.

RESULTS:

Muscle activation of the BB was significantly greater when performed with manual fixation of the scapula under the wrist-loading exercise condition ([Formula: see text] 0.05) but manual fixation of the scapula or absence thereof did not have an effect. Elbow flexion force was significantly increased when applying manual fixation to the scapula in both the hand and wrist-loading exercise conditions ([Formula: see text] 0.05). There were no interaction effects between exercise conditions and manual fixation (with or without) in any of the EMG activation values ([Formula: see text] 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

Manual stabilization of the scapula is a useful therapeutic technique to increase BB strength. Such an intervention may also be indicated for accurate strength measurement of this muscle.
El concepto de subordinación y sus repercusiones jurídico-sociales sobre la condición obrera
Authors: Vázquez Felipe
Published: November 2020

.
Actitud apostólica en ambiente obrero frente al progresismo
Authors: Brugarola S.J. Martín
Published: November 2020

.
Análisis y problemática del sindicalismo norteamericano
Authors: S.J. J. Martín De Nicolás
Published: November 2020

.
I - Crónica Social de España
Authors: V. F.
Published: November 2020

.
Revista de revistas
Authors: Autores Varios
Published: November 2020

.
Reseñas
Authors: Autores Varios
Published: November 2020

.
Use of low-power laser as an adjunct in endodontic treatment of teeth with internal resorption and apical lesion
Authors: Rubio Palma Francisco , Pavez Barriga Carolina
Published: November 2020

Internal root resorption is infrequent in permanent dentition, most cases are observed in anterior teeth, its etiology is not entirely clear, which is why the treatment for this type of lesion is endodontics. We present the case of a 38-year-old female patient, without relevant medical history, referred for evaluation of tooth 2.2 with a poor prognosis. Diagnosis Acute apical abscess, tooth with internal resorption and apical lesion. Endodontics are performed with bioceramic cements and the application of a 808 nm wavelength therapeutic laser, with specific parameters to accelerate bone tissue repair. Low-level laser photobiomodulation therapy appears to be useful as an adjunct in the bone repair process in endodontically treated teeth with apical lesion and internal resorption.
The role of cloud technologies in digital transformation of education (on the example of secondary vocational education)
Authors: Kirikovich T. E. , Kolyshkina A. V.
Published: November 2020

The article describes the capabilities of cloud technologies (using the example of Google services) in implementing the target model of the digital educational environment and developing the first stage of digital transformation of education using the example of the general education course “Informatics” in secondary vocational education. The article substantiates the relevance of updating the content of educational programs of secondary vocational education in accordance with the requirements of the digital economy in the context of the implementation of Federal State Educational Standards of Secondary Vocational Education for 50 most demanded in the labor market, new and promising professions and specialties (FSES of Secondary Vocational Education for TOP-50). The novelty of the work in the context of digital transformation of secondary vocational education is shown. The relationships between the didactic capabilities of cloud technologies and the types of educational activities of students and the requirements of digital transformation of education are analyzed. A comparative analysis of the functional support of the components of the target model of the digital educational environment by means of cloud technologies is carried out. The experience of organizing the training of students of the Perm Commerce and Technology College in the groups of the profession “Cook, Pastry Chef” in the framework of the general educational discipline “Informatics” based on the use of cloud technologies as a model of a digital educational environment in the formation of general and subject competences is presented. In the presented experience, cloud technologies (Google services) are considered as the main and as an auxiliary didactic tool in the context of general functionality of Google services, types of didactic tasks for open source software, approximate thematic planning in the subject of “Informatics” for secondary vocational education. The results of the work can be useful to scientists, teachers and methodologists of higher and secondary vocational education, and can also be used directly by teachers of the course “Informatics” in secondary vocational education.
Preparing university students in accordance with the requirements of digital economy
Authors: Shitova T. F.
Published: November 2020

The modern learning process should form students' digital literacy, digital skills and digital competencies, which they will need to successfully carry out their professional activities in the context of widespread digitalization. Regardless of the direction in which students are trained, this process cannot be successfully implemented without the use of modern information technologies.The talent and knowledge of young professionals are in particular demand today in digital business, therefore, one of the priority tasks of higher educational institutions should be the task of preparing students capable of becoming leaders in digital business, actively using breakthrough technologies to solve professional problems. The article presents the experience of developing students' skills in working with digital technologies on the basis of specialized software and general-purpose software products.During the research, analytical research methods and a systematic approach were used.The scientific and practical significance of the research results are in the development of guidelines for training students in the field of digital technologies in order to form professional competencies of university graduates. According to the author, the formed digital competencies will allow young specialists to successfully implement innovative digital solutions in various sectors of the economy.The article can be useful for university teachers in Russia and neighboring countries (Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and others) who teach students to use software products from Microsoft Office and 1C.
Health Promoting Self-care Behaviors in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis in the Southeast of Iran: Developing a Model for Practice
Authors:   Department of Health Education & Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Momenabadi Victoria , Kaveh Mohammad Hossein ,   Department of Health Education & Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Nakhaee Nouzar ,   Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran., Karimzadeh Shirazi Kambiz ,   Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran. , Sedighi Behnaz ,   Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Promoting self-care practice, as a critical strategy for enhancing the quality of life in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a challenging issue. This study aimed to propose a model of health-promoting self-care behaviors in MS patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 200 patients with MS, who had referred to the Hospital for Special Diseases in Kerman City, Iran, were chosen. The main data collection instruments were the multiple sclerosis knowledge questionnaire, the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, multiple sclerosis self-efficacy scale, questionnaire of perceived barriers and benefits of self-care behaviors, social support, the health promotion lifestyle profile II, and resilience and sense of coherence scale. Data analysis was conducted in SPSS V. 22 and AMOS18 software. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was also used for further analysis of data Results: The model explained 82% of variance in Health-Promoting self-care Behavior (HPB). The results of the final model obtained from the SEM showed that self-efficacy (β=0.53, SE=0.04, P= 0.007), self-esteem (β=0.39, SE=0.04, P=0.005), social support (β=0.36, SE=0.04, P=0.009), sense of coherence (β=0.34, SE=0.07, P=0.006), resilience (β=0.33, SE=0.07, P=0.018), and perceived benefits (β=0.25, SE=0.05, P=0.009) had a positive and significant relationship with HPB. Conclusion: The self-care empowerment model in patients with MS presented in this study can be used as a framework for designing health promotion interventions to improve the quality of life of patients with MS.
Effects of Pretreatment With Ginseng Extract on Dopamine D2 Receptor Analgesi
Authors:   Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran., Taherianfard Mahnaz , Aalami Somaye ,   Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The ginseng extract is an herb that has been used for many purposes such as analgesic effect. Dopamine D2 receptors are involved in the regulation of pain in humans. Therefore, the present investigation aims to study how pretreatment with aqueous-alcoholic extract of ginseng can affect dopamine D2 receptors’ pain sensitivity. Methods: We used 45 adult male rats weighing 250±20 for this study. Animals were maintained in a standard condition at a temperature of 21°C-24°C. The experimental groups were as follows: 1. Sham 1 (intraperitoneal [IP] injection of normal saline); 2. Sham 2 (intracerebroventricular [ICV] injection of artificial cerebrospinal fluid [ACSF]); 3. Experimental 1 (IP injection of ginseng extract); 4 and 5. Experimental groups 2 and 3 (IP injection of ginseng extract + bromocriptine 10 and 30 µg/rat by ICV injection); 6 and 7) experimental groups 4 and 5 (IP injection of ginseng extract + chlorpromazine 20 and 40 µg/rat by ICV injection). Ginseng extract 100 mg/kg/d was used for 7 days. Pain sensitivity test was done in all groups with the formalin test. Lateral ventricles of the rats were cannulated unilaterally by the stereotaxic procedure.  Results: Our data showed that ginseng (100 mg/kg/d) significantly (P<0.05) decreased pain sensitivity compared to the sham 1 group. Bromocriptine in two doses significantly decreased pain sensitivity compared to the sham 2 group. Chlorpromazine in high doses significantly increased pain sensitivity compared to the sham 2 group. Conclusion: The present results indicate that ginseng can modulate the D2 receptor of the dopamine system in the control of pain sensitivity in the formalin test. Because bromocriptine and ginseng have similar effects, it seems that they had synergistic effects.
Method for Remote State Identification Snow-Ice Cover by the Ratio of Fresnel Reflection Coefficients
Authors: Mashkov V. G.
Published: November 2020

Introduction. Currently, the development of safe helicopter landing systems as the most complex and dangerous stage of a flight is one of the priority tasks. A significant number of companies in Russia and abroad are engaged in its solution. Landing on unprepared (unequipped) sites with snow-ice cover may be caused by the need to deliver units, cargo and ammunition in combat conditions, search and rescue operations, evacuations of victims, etc. A key factor for a landing decision is information about the height of snow and about the depth of ice cover. In the paper remote identification of the state of snow-ice cover, excluding the need to present any person (crew member or rescue worker) on a landing site is proposed.

Aim. To develop a method for the remote identification of the state of snow-ice cover used to determine the possibility of a helicopter - type aircraft safe landing on a reservoir with snow-ice cover.

Materials and methods.Numerical simulation of echo signals Fresnel reflection coefficients polarization ratio was realized in MatLab. Vertical and horizontal polarizations in the range from 25 to 45 degrees were simulated.

Results.Intervals of polarization relations correspond to the interval density of snow-ice layers for fixed angles. For example, when θ = 34 for dry snow ρds= 100…500 kg/m3(ε'ds= 1.162…1.984) –Prm= 5.6915...3.3266, dry firn ρdf= 500…700 kg/m3(ε'df= 1.984…2.51) –Prm= 3.3266...2.8311, dry ice ρdi= 700…913 kg/m3(ε'di= 2.51…3.179) –Prm= 2.8311...2.4753. A layer reconstruction inverse problem was solved by indirect determining of complex relative permittivity of each successive underlying layer with 10-2 real part resolution. The identity of the obtained characteristics of snow-ice layers with calculated (standard) values was established.

Conclusion.Remote identification of components of a snow-ice cover structure allows one to automate the process of evaluating of landing possibility. Thereby it reduces a decision-making time and increases a level of safety. In contrast to the known methods of identification of the surface layer the identification of multilayer medium layers was carried out.
Kajian Kisah Al-Qur`An dalam Pemikiran Muhammad Ahmad Khalafullah (1916 – 1988)
Authors: Kharomen Agus Imam
Published: November 2020

Kajian Al-Qur`an selama ini kurang diperhatikan. Banyak yang mengkaji tentang aspek bukti sejarah tujuannya tidak lain ialah melegitimasi keberadaan kisah-kisah dalam Al-Qur`an sebagai fakta sejarah. Padahal unsur kajian kisah Al-Qur`an tentang ‘ibrah. Sehingga ada salah satu tokoh pemikir Mesir bernama Muhammad Ahmad Khalafullah mencoba menfokuskan kajian pada kisah Al-Qur`an dengan pendekatan sastra. Khalafullah menggungkapkan bahwa kisah dalam Al-Qur`an merupakan sarana/media dalam menjelaskan ajaran dan petunjuk Al-Qur`an. Pada hakikatnya kisah Al-Qur`an bertujuan memberikan petunjuk, bimbingan keagamaan, moral dan norma-norma sosial kemasyarakatan. Terkait kata alhaq/benar yang disematkan pada kisah Al-Qur`an, Khalafullah memahami bahwa kata haqq tersebut bukan benar dalam arti kisah itu nyata terjadi, melainkan benar dalam arti tujuan yang hendak dicapai Al-Qur`an melalui kisah-kisah itu adalah suatu kebenaran, sehingga tidak perlu untuk selalu dicarikan bukti sejarahnya.
Analisis Strategi Marketing Funding di Bank BRISyariah KC Purwokerto
Authors: Musfiroh Mila Fursiana Salma , Rifai Muhammad , Diana Nada
Published: November 2020

High level of competition in banks in fighting over third party funds, spur banks to continue to try to lure their customers in various ways. No matter how good the company's management, segmentation, target market, will not run if it is not followed by the right strategy. Strategy is the steps that must be carried out by a company to achieve goals. While marketing is a process of creating, offering, andex changing valuable products to other parties to achieve the goals of a company. So the marketing strategy is the steps taken to take over the decision carefully toget the goals and objectives to be achieved by taking into account the conditions ofthe surrounding environment. This is done to get the wants and needs to beachieved. The same goes for BRISyariah KC Purwokerto. The purpose of this study is to determine the funding marketing strategy in raising funds, and how the impactof the marketing strategy implemented by the funding department. In this study using qualitative methods, the analysis process uses data reduction, data display,data verification and drawing conclusions. BRISyariah KC Purwokerto's strategy in marketing in terms of funding to attract public attention using advertising, personal selling, publicity and sales promotion strategies. Of course, this is able to spur the growth of bank financial assets, seen from the acquisition of individual funding team targets in August reached 98.5%, increasing to 102.4% in September from the target of 1 billion per employee. the division and supervision targets perSeptember reached 96% of the 260 billion target.
Sound-absorption properties of composite materials containing waste-wool / polyamide fibers and their relationship with fractal dimensions
Authors: LVLİHUA Lvlihua
Published: November 2020

To solve the problems related to the recycling of waste fibers, composite materials were prepared by the hot-pressing method using waste-wool fibers and waste low-melting-point polyamide fibers combined into a net as the raw materials. The effects of the volume density, mass fraction of waste-wool fibers, and thickness on the sound-absorption properties of the resulting composite materials were studied by the controlling-variable method. The sound-absorption properties of the composite materials were studied by the transfer-function method, and under optimized technological conditions, the sound-absorption coefficients were above 0.8 and the sound-absorption bands were wide. According to the box-counting-dimension method, which is based on the fractal theory, the fractal dimensions of the composite materials were calculated using the Matlab program. The relationships between the fractal dimensions and the volume densities, mass fractions of waste-wool fibers, and thicknesses of the composite materials were also analyzed. Then, quantitative relationships between the fractal dimension and the maximum sound-absorption coefficient, and between the fractal dimension and the resonant sound-absorption frequency, which play a major role in the sound-absorption design of composite materials, were deduced.
Tecnologia BIM: Conceitos, processos de implementação e relações com o princípio da sustentabilidade
Authors: Coelho Edilson Sousa
Published: November 2020

O BIM (Building Information Modeling), que em português significa Modelagem da Informação da Construção, surgiu em meados da década de 1970, a partir da publicação de um artigo científico escrito por Eastman et al. (1974). Após esse estudo, seguiu-se um notável avanço nessa área do conhecimento. Apesar disso, ainda são encontradas lacunas, especialmente, em relação aos principais conceitos dessa nova tecnologia. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho é discorrer sobre aspectos relevantes do BIM, tais como, conceitos, processo de implementação em empresas do setor de Arquitetura, Engenharia e Construção (AEC) e as relações entre essa tecnologia e o princípio da sustentabilidade. Para tanto foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o tema que fez emergir dois grandes empecilhos para o uso maciço do BIM. O primeiro está relacionado a questões culturais e o segundo ao aspecto financeiro das empresas.
Análise da sequência discursivas na mensagem do presidente do Brasil transmitida online pela Emissora Jovem Pan no programa radiofônico Os Pingos nos Is
Authors: Maldonado Gabriel Orlando Quiñones
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo baseia-se na área da Sociolinguística Interacional e é o resultado da análise da sequência discursiva de cortesia ou de descortesia na mensagem presidencial do presidente do Brasil, Bolsonaro. Coletou-se como referência o corpus oral constituído pela interação oral do presidente com os repórteres da Emissora Jovem Pan do programa radiofônico Os Pingos nos Is na live semanal em 28 de maio de 2020. As mensagens discursivas usadas pelos mandatários políticos são mensagens espalhadas a um público imediato e de fácil acessibilidade tanto como a uma sociedade internacional. Os políticos apresentam as suas mensagens ao povo tendo a capacidade do que o seu discurso seja transmitido com cortesia ou descortesia. Na maioria dos discursos ou entrevistas políticas, eles tendem a quebrar a ordem interacional devido à evasão de perguntas. Os políticos lidam com as respostas que os destinatários querem saber, respondendo de outro ponto que o favoreça e não o prejudique politicamente. Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar a sequência discursiva de cortesia ou de descortesia na mensagem presidencial que ressaltou a temática da pandemia do coronavirus. A análise revela que a ordem e o equilíbrio temático foram mantidos perante o desenvolvimento da interação oral no programa dos Pingos Nos Is da Jovem Pan.
Analisi della sequenza discorsiva nel messaggio del Presidente del Brasile trasmesso online da Emissora Jovem Pan nel programma radiofonico Os Pingos nos Is
Authors: Maldonado Gabriel Orlando Quiñones
Published: November 2020

Questo articolo si basa sull’area della sociolinguistica interazionale ed è il risultato dell’analisi della sequenza discorsiva di cortesia o maleducazione nel messaggio presidenziale del presidente del Brasile, Bolsonaro. Come riferimento è stato raccolto il corpus orale costituito dall’interazione orale del presidente con i cronisti di Emissora Jovem Pan del programma radiofonico Os Pingos nos Is in diretta settimanale del 28 maggio 2020. I messaggi discorsivi utilizzati dai rappresentanti politici sono messaggi diffusi a un pubblico immediato e facilmente accessibile, nonché a una società internazionale. I politici presentano i loro messaggi alle persone con la possibilità di far trasmettere il loro discorso con cortesia o scortesia. Nella maggior parte dei discorsi o delle interviste politiche, tendono a rompere l’ordine di interazione a causa dell’evasione delle domande. I politici si occupano delle risposte che i destinatari vogliono sapere, rispondendo da un altro punto che li favorisce e non li danneggia politicamente. Questo articolo mirava ad analizzare la sequenza discorsiva di cortesia o maleducazione nel messaggio presidenziale che evidenziava il tema della pandemia di coronavirus. L’analisi rivela che l’ordine e l’equilibrio tematico sono stati mantenuti in vista dello sviluppo dell’interazione orale nel programma Pingos Nos Is di Jovem Pan.
Minimally invasive blood sampling method for genetic studies on Gopherus tortoises
Authors:   Red de Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados, Inst. de Ecología A. C., Mexico, García–Feria L. M. , Ureña–Aranda C. A. ,   Red de Biología Evolutiva, Inst. de Ecología A.C., Mexico, Espinosa de los Monteros A. ,   Red de Biología Evolutiva, Inst. de Ecología A.C., Mexico
Published: November 2020

Obtaining good quality tissue samples is the first hurdle in any molecular study. This is especially true for studies involving management and conservation of wild fauna. In the case of tortoises, the most common sources of DNA are blood samples. However, only a minimal amount of blood is required for PCR assays. Samples are obtained mainly from the brachial and jugular vein after restraining the animal chemically; or from conscious individuals by severe handling methods and clamping. Herein, we present a minimally invasive technique that has proven effective for extracting small quantities of blood, suitable for genetic analyses. Furthermore, the samples obtained yielded better DNA amplification than other cell sources, such as cloacal epithelium cells. After two years of use on wild tortoises, this technique has shown to be harmless. We suggest that sampling a small amount of blood could also be useful for other types of analyses, such as physiologic and medical monitoring.
Critical steps to ensure the successful reintroduction of the Eurasian red squirrel
Authors:   Inst. of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Univ. of Glasgow, UK, Vieira B. P. , Fonseca C. ,   Depto. de Biologia & CESAM, Univ. de Aveiro, Portugal, Rocha R. G. ,   Depto. de Biologia & CESAM, Univ. de Aveiro, Portugal
Published: November 2020

Wildlife reintroduction strategies aim to establish viable long–term populations, promote conservation awareness and provide economic benefits for local communities. In Portugal, the Eurasian red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) became extinct in the 16th century and was reintroduced in urban parks in the 1990s, mainly for aesthetic and leisure purposes. We evaluated the success of this reintroduction in two urban parks and here described the critical steps. We assessed habitat use, population density and abundance, and management steps carried out during reintroduction projects. Reintroductions have been successful to some extent given squirrels are present 20 years after release. However, populations in both parks are declining due to the lack of active management and poor quality habitat. Successful reintroduction of Eurasian red squirrel in areas without competition of alien tree squirrels involves three critical main stages. The pre–project stage includes studies on habitat quality, genetic proximity between donors and closest wild population, and health of donor stocks. In the release stage, the number of individuals released will depend on resource variability, and the hard release technique is an effective and economically viable method. Post–release activities should evaluate adaptation, mitigate mortality, monitor the need for supplementary feeding, provide veterinary support, and promote public awareness and education.
Hubungan Depresi Dengan Kualitas Hidup Lansia Di Posyandu Lansia
Authors: Oktavianti Ariska , Setyowati Sri
Published: November 2020

Depresi pada lansia merupakan perpaduan interaksi yang unik dari berkurangnya interaksi sosial, kesepian, masalah sosial ekonomi, perasaan rendah diri karena penurunan kemampuan kemandirian dan penurunan fungsi tubuh, serta kesedihan ditinggal orang yang dicintai, faktor kepribadian, genetik, dan faktor biologis penurunan neuron-neuron dan neurontransmiter di otak. Kemudian adanya perubahan kualitas hidup yang dialami oleh lansia biasanya cenderung mengarah kearah yang kurang baik. Perubahan-perubahan yang terjadi pada lansia akan mengakibatkan menurunnya peran sosial lansia dan juga menurunnya derajat kesehatan akibatnya lansia akan kehilangan pekerjaan dan merasa menjadi individu yang kurang mampu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan depresi dengan kualitas hidup pada lansia di Posyandu lansia melati, Kabupaten Bantul, Yogyakarta. Jenis penelitian non-eksperimen korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah 50 responden dan diperoleh sampel sebanyak 50 responden. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan total sampling. Data diambil menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil uji korelasi menggunakan uji kendall tau menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara depresi dengan kualitas hidup lansia  value = 0,010 < 0,05 serta koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,380. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa, depresi berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup pada lansia. Berbagai faktor terjadinya depresi pada lansia perlu dihindari agar tidak terjadi depresi yang selanjutnya akan menjaga kualitas hidup yang baik bagi para lansia.
Understanding the Relationship between a Small & Medium Enterprise (SME) and its Suppliers: A Case Study of a Food Industry SME Company in Kedah, Malaysia
Authors: Sued Nurul Muna Najiah , Amir Hussin Muhammad Rosni
Published: November 2020

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are aware of the need to implement proper supply chain management practices, especially to maintain good relationships with their suppliers. Previous studies indicated that a close relationship between SME owner-managers and suppliers can avail various benefits, such as operations and performance improvement, smooth delivery of goods and services to final destinations, and better negotiation of price and delivery schedule. Thus, this paper presents an understanding of the relationship between an SME in the food industry and its suppliers. By employing the Social Exchange Theory (SET) as the underlying theory, this study highlighted the importance of SMEs in managing relationships with suppliers. This study also revealed the roles that factors, such as trust, communication, commitment, and bargaining power, play in the SME-supplier relationship. By employing qualitative methodology and single case study method, this study indicated that this SME is aware that maintaining a good relationship with suppliers can lead to the survival of the business for a longer period of time, and enable them to benefit in terms of cost, quality, and services in the future. Among all factors, loyalty under the commitment factor is considered to be not unduly important to maintain the relationship with the suppliers by the SME owner-manager. However, trust and communication are the most crucial factors to maintain this relationship.
Discursos sobre discriminação em livros didáticos de geografia: algumas reflexões
Authors: Pinheiro Pedro Bernardes
Published: November 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar como diferentes formas de manifestações de preconceito e práticas discriminatórias são apresentadas em livros didáticos de Geografia do Ensino Fundamental. Considero o livro didático como um dispositivo cultural, marcado por discursos didáticos e pedagógicos, negociados e hibridizados com discursos de ordem econômica e política. A análise de livros didáticos do sétimo e do oitavo ano de duas coleções distintas foi profícua por abranger diferentes conteúdos tradicionais da Geografia Escolar, as quais se articulam, em diferentes momentos, a questões emergentes como o racismo, a xenofobia e a discriminação de gênero. A discussão sobre esses textos curriculares foi realizada a partir de quatro eixos principais: (1) o destaque para abordagem econômica nos processos de discriminação de gênero no mercado de trabalho; (2) o viés econômico e cultural sobre as migrações internas e internacionais, desconsiderando o papel dos preconceitos regionais e da xenofobia; (3) o caráter historicista associado a abordagem da questão negra e indígena no Brasil; (4) a identificação entre o racismo e as políticas associadas ao segregacionismo socioespacial em países como a África do Sul e os Estados Unidos.
A geopolítica em sala de aula: não somente tema, mas também ferramenta de análise da geografia escolar?
Authors: Rodrigues Eduardo de Oliveira
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo objetiva refletir sobre possíveis usos da geopolítica não somente enquanto tema visto na escola durante as aulas de Geografia, mas sim enquanto ferramenta de análise sobre outros conteúdos. Para isso, ele se divide em três partes: uma introdução sobre o problema proposto, seguido de um pequeno debate teórico e, por fim, um relato de prática pedagógica sobre “geografia dos transportes” através de uma abordagem geopolítica.
As classificações de Aziz Ab’Sáber: sequência didática e produção de jogos aplicados ao sétimo ano
Authors: Matos Suzana dos Santos
Published: November 2020

A classificação do Relevo do Brasil e os Domínios Morfoclimáticos brasileiros, segundo Aziz Nacib Ab’Sáber, são os temas que o presente trabalho objetiva, a partir do desenvolvimento de uma sequência didática, trabalhar de forma participativa. Concomitantemente, almeja-se apresentar o pesquisador, com o intuito de fazê-lo emergir como figura de representatividade para alunos de classes populares, dentro da academia. Assim, quer demonstrar que os conhecimentos escolares têm origem no trabalho de pesquisadores, não estando dados nos livros didáticos, sem origem conhecida. O desfecho da sequência consiste na adaptação e produção de jogos para a abordagem criativa e dialógica dos assuntos citados. As ações acima tiveram lugar em duas turmas de sétimo ano. A partir das avaliações diagnósticas ministradas no início e no final do processo, é possível inferir que houve aprendizado com a aplicação da metodologia proposta. O resultado obtido, através da avaliação dos alunos sobre as atividades da sequência didática, exprime grande aceitação destas, principalmente da etapa de produção e uso dos jogos.
Geografia, arte e filosofia: vivenciando a criação de móbiles como cartografia participativa no ensino de geografia
Authors: Oliveira Maria Lucia Cunha Lopes de
Published: November 2020

Vivenciando a criação participativa de móbiles em espaços públicos, refletimos sobre sua possível relevância para o ensino de Geografia. A pesquisa orienta-se teórico-metodologicamente por um diálogo inter-transdisciplinar entrelaçando Arte, Geografia, Educação e Filosofia. Vemos que a construção e avaliação coletiva de móbiles interativos ajuda-nos a perceber e a grafar processos-espaços vivos, relacionais, em permanente movimento. Permite-nos reconhecer o papel dos sujeitos na produção de espaços educacionais-sociais, relações entre auto e heteronomia, bem como identificar desafios epistemológicos, políticos e pedagógicos que emergem na docência-discência.
Quebrada maps, mobilizando mapas críticos e participativos
Authors: Fernandes Wellington de Oliveira , Passos Felipe Garcia , Santos Jéssica Cerqueira dos , Pacheco Marcelo Nunes
Published: November 2020

Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar o projeto Quebrada Maps, descrevendo sua origem, trajetória, base teórica e metodológica, resultados de suas atividades e desdobramentos posteriores. Para isso os autores recorrem às memórias, conceitos e estratégias práticas que, em partes, se consolidam e, em outras, se modificaram, a partir das experiências vivenciadas. O projeto constitui-se como um conjunto de estratégias de ensino, aprendizagem e resistência e a exposição de seu percurso até hoje pode inspirar autônomos, professores e pesquisadores a traçar caminhos que levem a uma cartografia feita a partir do chão do bairro e da escola, crítica e participativa, abordando fenômenos e territórios comuns ou historicamente silenciados, mas que podem ser visibilizados com uma produção de baixo.
Student Paramedic Stigma towards People with Mental Illness: An International Study
Authors: Simpson Paul M , Agho Kingsley , Van Nugteren Benjamin , Rasku Tuija , Thompson Sean , Thyer Liz
Published: November 2020

Objective

Stigma towards mental illness has been described in many health professions at the undergraduate level, but not in the discipline of paramedicine. The objective of this research was to describe levels of stigma towards people with mental illness as self-reported by undergraduate paramedicine students in Australia, Finland, New Zealand and South Africa.

Design

Using a cross-sectional design, an online survey was administered consisting of a validated instrument measuring self-reported stigma levels.

Setting

Four undergraduate paramedicine university programs in Australia, New Zealand, Finland and South Africa.

Method

The Opening Minds Scale for Health Providers (OMS-HC) is a validated, 20-item instrument measuring self-reported stigma. The 20 OMS-HC items were summed and generalised linear models with log link and Poisson family were used to examine associated factors.

Results

The overall level of self-reported stigma across students from all countries was 53, on a scale ranging from 20 (‘least stigmatised’) to 100 (‘most stigmatised’). Compared with the Australian cohort, total stigma scores increased significantly by 8% in New Zealand (p=0.01), 15% (p<0.001), and 18% in South Africa (p=0.002). Subscale analysis revealed high scores for social distance as a construct of stigma more broadly.

Conclusion

The findings provide an important baseline that can be used by paramedicine programs to inform development of mental healthcare curricula seeking to reduce stigma during the formative undergraduate years of professional development. The findings can be applied in a teaching and learning setting as source material to stimulate discussion and promote student self-reflection in a range of teaching activities.
Time to add screening for financial hardship as a quality measure?
Authors: Bradley Cathy J. , Yabroff K. Robin , Zafar S. Yousuf , Shih Ya‐Chen Tina
Published: November 2020

Cancer treatment is associated with financial hardship for many patients and families. Screening for financial hardship and referrals to appropriate resources for mitigation are not currently part of most clinical practices. In fact, discussions regarding the cost of treatment occur infrequently in clinical practice. As the cost of cancer treatment continues to rise, the need to mitigate adverse consequences of financial hardship grows more urgent. The introduction of quality measurement and reporting has been successful in establishing standards of care, reducing disparities in receipt of care, and improving other aspects of cancer care outcomes within and across providers. The authors propose the development and adoption of financial hardship screening and management as an additional quality metric for oncology practices. They suggest relevant stakeholders, conveners, and approaches for developing, testing, and implementing a screening and management tool and advocate for endorsement by organizations such as the National Quality Forum and professional societies for oncology care clinicians. The confluence of increasingly high‐cost care and widening disparities in ability to pay because of underinsurance and lack of health insurance coverage makes a strong argument to take steps to mitigate the financial consequences of cancer.
Development of Intercultural Communication Learning Materials Based on Needs Analysis
Authors: Sari Tanti Kurnia , Hutagalung Surya Masniari , Aini Indah
Published: November 2020

In learning German as Foreign Language (DaF – Deutsch als Fremdsprache), students in The German Language Program at The State University of Medan need to comprehend not only four competencies (Sprechfertigkeit, Lesefertigkeit, Hörfertigkeit, and Schreibfertigkeit), but they also required to have intercultural communication competence. This competence is crucial because there are so many differences between German cultures and Indonesian cultures. This research was conducted at the Faculty of Language and Arts, State University of Medan, in the German Language Education Study Program. The research and development method used in this study refers to Plomp's model, which consists of five steps, namely (1) investigation, (2) design, (3) development realization, (4) evaluation, and (5) implementation. However, in this study, the development process is focused on 3 steps, namely investigation, design, and development realization. Data collection techniques in this needs analysis are questionnaires, literature reviews, and interviews. The data to be analyzed in this study is qualitative data from interviews, observations, and documents. The data were obtained through a questionnaire distributed to 20 alumni of the German Language Study Program who live in Germany. Interkulturelle Kommunikation learning materials were developed based on the results of the questionnaire analysis. The results showed that the learning materials developed included the themes of Familie, Nachbarschaft, Schulsystem in Deutschland, Berufswelt, and Feste, Sinne und Bräuche.
Digital health during COVID-19 pandemic and beyond
Authors: Rahman Shah Md Mahfuzur , Hossain Shah Monir , Jahan Mahmood -uz-
Published: November 2020

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was unknown before the outbreak began in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The virus rapidly spread in different countries across the globe. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared it as a pandemic on the 11th March 2020.1 The pandemic has revealed many areas of public health preparedness those are lacking both in developed and developing countries. Digital interventions provide many opportunities for strengthening health systems.2 It could be a vital resources and could play a critical role in global response to this public health emergency.
Digital health is the use of digital information and communication technologies for efficient and timely delivery of health care services, aimed at promoting and protecting the health of the individuals and communities. Furthermore, digital technologies are also being used for conducting monitoring and surveillance of the health programmes, health education, research,  development of human resources including continued professional development,  risk analysis speacially the  risk commucation. Data being generated through services, research, monitoring and surveillance are also used for health management and decision making.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2020; 46(2): 66-67
Assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practices towards prevention of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among Bangladeshi population
Authors: Rahman Shah Md. Mahfuzur , Akter A , Mostari KF , Ferdousi S , Ummon IJ , Naafi SM , Rahman MM , Uddin MGM , Tasmin S , Uddin MA , Lopa SAK , Amin SM Sayadat , Miah MAR , Saha TK , Rahim MA , Hossain SM
Published: November 2020

Background: Cornonavirus disease (COVID-19) has been declared pandemic by the World Health Organization on the 11th March 2020. The knowledge, attitudes and practices of the population towards the COVID-19, play an integral role in determining community’s readiness to engage themselves in government measures including behavioural change in prevention and control of the disease.
Objectives: The study was aimed to determine the knowledge levels, attitudes and practices towards the COVID-19 among the Bangladeshi population.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 1549 adult population across Bangladesh including Dhaka city and rural areas during March-April 2020. Data were collected using a structured and pretested questionnaire through online, self-administered and face to face interview. The study instrument consisted of 7 items on socio-demographic characteristics, 12 items on knowledge, 4 items on attitudes and 5 items on practices related to COVID-19. Independent sample t-tests, chi-square tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and binary logistic regression were performed to assess the attitudes and practices in relation to knowledge.
Results: Of the total 1549 study population, 1249 were interviewed online, 194 were self-administered and 106 were through face to face interview. The lowest level of knowledge prevailed among the above 50 years’ age group regarding the disease, which was higher among female (p=0.03), and more among the respondents having education level below graduation (p=0.000; OR=1.6, χ2=17.6). Of the total respondents, 73.5% having negative attitude towards use of face mask, though 69.8% having the appropriate knowledge on mode of transmission of the virus (p=0.000). Though, 51.6% of the study population, having adequate knowledge, but only 52.1% using face mask (p>0.05) and 51.8% practicing hand washing (p>0.05). More than 70.0% respondents having knowledge on social distancing, but only 50.0% was practicing it. Male respondents had 1.5 times more knowledge about the social distancing than the female counterpart (p=0.000).
Conclusion: Public awareness campaign should be enhanced critically focusing the target audience covering the knowledge gaps, motivation for appropriate practices and further improvement of attitudes towards prevention and control of COVID-19 in Bangladesh thus suggested.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2020; 46(2): 73-82
Oral hygiene practice and dental status of autistic children
Authors: Hassan Gazi Shamim , Rafique Tanzila , Ghosh Ranjit , Biswas Ashis Kumar , Rahman Hasan Abeedur
Published: November 2020

Background: The worldwide incidence of oral health among the autistic children has been found to be poor for various reasons. Risk of dental caries and gingivitis is expected to be higher in these patients due to improper brushing and flossing because of the difficulties of the trainers and parents encounter when they brush the children’s’ teeth. They tend to pouch food inside the mouth instead of swallowing it due to poor tongue coordination, thereby increasing the susceptibility to caries. Communication and behavioural problems pose the most significant challenges in providing oral care.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the oral health status and dental needs of autistic children in Bangladesh.
Methods: This case control study was carried out among 2-13 years old children with special health-care needs. The study was conducted in the Department of Orthodontics of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from the period of August to December 2017. A total of 130 children having ASD and aged between 2 -13 years were taken as cases and 182 gender-matched healthy children were taken as control. Cases were taken from BSMMU and other two autism centres. Controls were taken from a neighborhood school. Oral lesions were evaluated using standard international diagnostic criteria. Association of food habits and oral hygiene status were assessed among the study subjects. Dental status was evaluated using DMFT/dmft index according to the World Health Organization oral health surveys. Gingival health status were assessed using the Oral hygiene index of Loe and Silness, while the papillary bleeding index were assessed by employing the papillary bleeding index of Miihleman to ascertain the oral hygiene status.
Results: The mean age was found 8.72±3.40 years in the case group and 10.26±1.36 years in control group. Chi square test showed significant associations with the participants’ consumption of having more soft foods, presence of papillary bleeding and presence of decayed teeth with their oral hygiene status.
Conclusion: As data regarding oral health among autistic children are not available presently in Bangladesh. So, it is difficult for comparison of children having disabilities with those of healthy group. For planning and providing effective dental health care services for the children with autistic disorders.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2020; 46(2): 90-98