bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agents of dissent: African student organizations in the German Democratic Republic
Authors: Pugach Sara
Published: January 2019

African students in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) often belonged to national student clubs (NHG) that were arranged for them by the East German government. Many were also members of an umbrella organization for all African students and workers in the GDR (UASA). While the GDR authorities thought that the NHG and UASA would adopt political positions that reflected those of the GDR, this article demonstrates that the students instead used them to criticize both their own governments and their host country. It shows that the students often held positions contrary to the GDR's, and were not shy about expressing them. Although they were usually unable to organize as openly as students in the West, African students in the GDR held meetings and wrote letters to protest about a variety of issues, including Sékou Touré’s repression of a teachers’ strike in Guinea, the Biafran crisis in Nigeria and ethnic separatism in Kenya. They also took the GDR to task for the racist behaviour of East German citizens. The GDR's Socialist Unity Party claimed that the country was anti-racist and anti-imperialist, and that all vestiges of Nazism had been expunged; the students, however, were able to point out multiple racist incidents, and through the UASA demanded that the GDR address its racism problem.
The association between sleep and cognitive abnormalities in bipolar disorder
Authors: Bradley A. J. , Anderson K. N. , Gallagher P. , McAllister-Williams R. H.
Published: January 2019

Background

Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with attentional and processing abnormalities. Such abnormalities are also seen in healthy subjects with sleep disruption. We hypothesised cognitive abnormalities in BD patients would be worse in those with objectively verified sleep abnormalities.

Methods

Forty-six BD patients and 42 controls had comprehensive sleep/circadian rhythm assessment over 21 days alongside mood questionnaires. Cognitive function was assessed with a range of tasks including Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT), Attention Network Task (ANT) and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). BD participants with normal and abnormal sleep were compared with age- and sex-matched controls.

Results

BD patients had longer response times and made more lapses (responses >500 ms) than controls on the PVT (bothp< 0.001). However, patients with normal sleep patterns did not differ from controls while those with sleep abnormalities did (p< 0.001). An identical pattern of effects were seen with the ANT response times, with the abnormality in bipolar abnormal sleepers related to the executive attentional network. Similarly, patients made fewer correct responses on the DSST compared with the controls (p< 0.001). Bipolar normal sleepers did not differ while those with abnormal sleep did (p< 0.001). All these differences were seen in bipolar abnormal sleepers who were euthymic (p< 0.01) and across the main abnormal sleep phenotypes.

Conclusions

We confirm impairment in attention and processing speed in BD. Rather than sleep abnormalities exacerbating such dysfunction, the impairments were confined to bipolar abnormal sleepers, consistent with sleep disturbance being the main driver of cognitive dysfunction.
Be a Little Careful: Women, Violence, and Performance in India
Authors: Arora Swati
Published: January 2019

In this article Swati Arora analyzes a contemporary Indian feminist performance, Thoda Dhyaan Se (A Little Carefully, 2013), by framing it in the spatial ecosystem of the city of Delhi and exploring its engagement with feminist discourse and the national imaginary of India. It highlights the workings of the cultural economy of the city, which is defined by its spatial contours as well as the privileges of caste, class, sexuality, and ethnicity, and at the same time explores the heterogeneous nature of the country's feminist movement through an intersectional perspective. Swati Arora argues that the concerns raised by Thoda Dhyaan Se are limited to urban, middle-class, and upper-caste women and overlook the oppressive realities of women from non-urban, lower-class, and lower-caste backgrounds. With conversations around gender focused through campaigns like #MeToo and #TImesUp, it is important to contextualize the voices that are articulated and those that are excluded. Swati Arora is an Andrew W. Mellon postdoctoral fellow at the Centre for Humanities Research, University of the Western Cape. Her work exists at the intersections of theatre and performance, feminist theory, critical urban studies, post/de-colonial theory, and visual cultures. She completed her PhD at the University of Exeter and is a coconvenor of the International Federation of Theatre Research.
Complexity of translations from resolution to sequent calculus
Authors: REIS GISELLE , WOLTZENLOGEL PALEO BRUNO
Published: January 2019

Resolution and sequent calculus are two well-known formal proof systems. Their differences make them suitable for distinct tasks. Resolution and its variants are very efficient for automated reasoning and are in fact the theoretical basis of many theorem provers. However, being intentionally machine oriented, the resolution calculus is not as natural for human beings and the input problem needs to be pre-processed to clause normal form. Sequent calculus, on the other hand, is a modular formalism that is useful for analysing meta-properties of various logics and is, therefore, popular among proof theorists. The input problem does not need to be pre-processed, and proofs are more detailed. However, proofs also tend to be larger and more verbose. When the worlds of proof theory and automated theorem proving meet, translations between resolution and sequent calculus are often necessary. In this paper, we compare three translation methods and analyse their complexity.
Rock Strength and Texture Evolution During Deformation in the Earth's Ductile Lithosphere: A Two‐Phase Thermodynamics Model
Authors: Bevillard Benoit , Richard Guillaume , Raimbourg Hugues
Published: January 2019

Building upon the two‐phase and grain damage theory, we propose a new formulation allowing to track the evolution of phase mixing/segregation during ductile deformation of a two‐phased aggregate. Our model is based on a set of variables characterizing a rock texture: the mean grain sizes and the phase proportion. During ductile deformation, activation of different micromechanical processes impacts the aggregate texture. Dislocation and diffusion creep are the two main deformation processes considered. We only account for the effect of Zener pinning in slowing down grain growth and allow for active grain‐size reduction mechanisms in the diffusion creep domain. For this purpose, an equation is proposed to track the phase mixing evolution during ductile deformation. Numerical application using anorthite rheology shows that any grain reduction mechanisms that could be active in the diffusion creep regime requires a very high partition fraction in order to reach the grain size predicted by the feldspar piezometer. Application of this model to gabbroic composition, relevant for the ductile crust, demonstrates that the strong coupling between phases grain sizes and interface evolution results in steady‐state grain sizes far below the field boundary. This effect is coeval with an important increase of mixing between the two phases. In addition, accounting for the phase mixing results in a drop of the global aggregate stress during deformation. This model allows for further comparison of mylonitized textures evolution with natural shear zones at the local and regional scales.
Foreshocks and Mainshock Nucleation of the 1999 Mw 7.1 Hector Mine, California, Earthquake
Authors: Yoon Clara E. , Yoshimitsu Nana , Ellsworth William L. , Beroza Gregory C.
Published: January 2019

Foreshocks provide valuable information on the nucleation process of an upcoming large earthquake. We applied high‐resolution similar‐waveform techniques for earthquake detection, location, and source parameter estimation to understand the space‐time evolution of a foreshock sequence and its relationship to the mainshock hypocenter. The 1999 Mw 7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake was preceded by 50 foreshocks (−0.4 ≤ M ≤ 3.7) during the 20 hr before the mainshock. Foreshock activity did not accelerate leading up to the mainshock. Their locations moved north with time, rupturing adjacent areas along the fault plane with little overlap, but remained within a compact <2 km3 volume. The mainshock initiated at a location where previous foreshocks had locally increased the shear stress. These observations are consistent with a triggered cascade of stress transfer, where previous foreshocks load adjacent fault patches to rupture as additional foreshocks, and eventually the mainshock.
Differences in Ice Cloud Optical Depth From CALIPSO and Ground‐Based Raman Lidar at the ARM SGP and TWP Sites
Authors: Balmes K. A. , Fu Q. , Thorsen T. J.
Published: January 2019

Ice cloud column optical depths from the Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite and ground‐based Raman lidars (RLs) at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) and Tropical Western Pacific (TWP) sites are compared for 8 and 4 years, respectively. The cloudy mean ice cloud column optical depths from CALIPSO Version 4 data product with a horizontal resolution of 5 km are 78% (63%) larger than those from the RLs with a resolution of 10 min/30 m at SGP (TWP) for collocated transparent profiles. The main difference at SGP is caused by the lidar ratio that for CALIPSO is related to its treatment of the multiple scattering factor. The main difference at TWP is caused by the averaging resolution. Large differences in the optical depth distribution between the CALIPSO and RL are found for small optical depths at both sites, which are due to optically very thin clouds only detectable by the RLs. The differences in ice cloud column optical depth distributions and their mean values between the CALIPSO and RL can largely be reconciled over both sites after accounting for the averaging resolutions, lidar ratios along with the CALIPSO multiple scattering factor treatment, sensitivity to optically very thin ice clouds, and definition of transparent profiles. This work also examines in detail the lidar ratios that are directly observed by the RLs, which does not support the temperature‐dependent parameterizations of ice cloud lidar ratio and multiple scattering factor used in CALIPSO's Version 4 data product.
Estimating the Contribution of Local Primary Emissions to Particulate Pollution Using High‐Density Station Observations
Authors: Zhao Chuanfeng , Wang Yuan , Shi Xiaoqin , Zhang Daizhou , Wang Chunying , Jiang Jonathan H. , Zhang Qiang , Fan Hao
Published: January 2019

Local primary emission, transport, and secondary formation of aerosols constitute the major atmospheric particulate matter (PM) over a certain region. To identify and quantify major sources of ambient PM is important for pollution mitigation strategies, especially on a city scale. We developed two source apportionment methods to make the first‐order estimates of local primary contribution ratio (LCR) of PM2.5 (PM with diameter less than 2.5 μm) using the high‐density (about 1/km2) network observations with high sampling frequency (about 1 hr). Measurements of PM2.5 mass concentration from 169 sites within a 20 km × 20 km domain are analyzed. The two methods developed here are mainly based on the spatial and temporal variations of PM2.5 within an urban area. The accuracy of our developed methods is subject to the assumptions on the spatial heterogeneity of primary and secondary formed aerosols as well as those from long‐range transport to a city. We apply these two methods to a typical industrial city in China in winter of 2015 with frequent severe haze events. The local primary pollution contributions calculated from the two methods agree with each other that they are often larger than 0.4. The LCR range is from 0.4 to 0.7, with an average value of 0.63. Our study indicates the decisive role of locally emitted aerosols in the urban severe haze formation during the winter time. It further suggests that reductions of local primary aerosol emissions are essential to alleviate the severe haze pollution, especially in industrial cities.
Evaluation of Turbulence Stability Schemes of Land Models for Stable Conditions
Authors: Lapo K. , Nijssen B. , Lundquist J. D.
Published: January 2019

During stable conditions, simulated sensible heat fluxes, Qh, in land models exhibit a wide range of behavior, with some models decoupling the atmosphere and land surface, while others continue turbulent exchange. This behavior is dictated by the representation of stability within the model. We explicitly test the representation of Qh during stable conditions using observed surface temperature, air temperature, and wind speed at the Shallow Cold Pool (SCP) Experiment site in Colorado, USA. This site is characterized by frequent stable conditions and weak‐wind conditions, which are known to be difficult to represent in turbulence schemes. We test the log‐linear, Louis, Holtslag and de Bruin, Beljaar and Holtslag, and Cheng and Brutsaert stability schemes against the observations at the SCP site. We also evaluate the minimum conductance assumption commonly implemented in land models. Simulated Qh biases are generally small, due largely to compensating errors. Parameterizations could represent Qh in strong‐wind conditions and during the transition from a weak‐ to strong‐wind regime. The behavior of simulated Qh during strong winds was controlled by the aerodynamic surface roughness, z0. All models, except those that maintain a minimum conductance, were unable to represent turbulence in the weak‐wind regime. We discuss the interacting roles of countergradient fluxes, intermittent turbulence, and decoupled turbulence during this regime. Finally, we list the characteristics that a turbulence parameterization should include and recommend that land models should include a minimum conductance to simulate Qh in the weak‐wind regime.
Spectral contrast optical coherence tomography angiography enables single-scan vessel imaging
Authors: Winkelmann James A. , Eid Aya , Spicer Graham , Almassalha Luay M. , Nguyen The-Quyen , Backman Vadim
Published: January 2019

Optical coherence tomography angiography relies on motion for contrast and requires at least two data acquisitions per pointwise scanning location. We present a method termed spectral contrast optical coherence tomography angiography using visible light that relies on the spectral signatures of blood for angiography from a single scan using endogenous contrast. We demonstrate the molecular sensitivity of this method, which enables lymphatic vessel, blood, and tissue discrimination.
Direct observation of ultrafast plasmonic hot electron transfer in the strong coupling regime
Authors: Shan Hangyong , Yu Ying , Wang Xingli , Luo Yang , Zu Shuai , Du Bowen , Han Tianyang , Li Bowen , Li Yu , Wu Jiarui , Lin Feng , Shi Kebin , Tay Beng Kang , Liu Zheng , Zhu Xing , Fang Zheyu
Published: January 2019

Achieving strong coupling between plasmonic oscillators can significantly modulate their intrinsic optical properties. Here, we report the direct observation of ultrafast plasmonic hot electron transfer from an Au grating array to an MoS2 monolayer in the strong coupling regime between localized surface plasmons (LSPs) and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). By means of femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy, the measured hot electron transfer time is approximately 40 fs with a maximum external quantum yield of 1.65%. Our results suggest that strong coupling between LSPs and SPPs has synergetic effects on the generation of plasmonic hot carriers, where SPPs with a unique nonradiative feature can act as an ‘energy recycle bin’ to reuse the radiative energy of LSPs and contribute to hot carrier generation. Coherent energy exchange between plasmonic modes in the strong coupling regime can further enhance the vertical electric field and promote the transfer of hot electrons between the Au grating and the MoS2 monolayer. Our proposed plasmonic strong coupling configuration overcomes the challenge associated with utilizing hot carriers and is instructive in terms of improving the performance of plasmonic opto-electronic devices.
Methanesulfonyl-polarized halogen bonding enables strong halide recognition in an arylethynyl anion receptor
Authors: Lohrman Jessica A. , Deng Chun-Lin , Shear Trevor A. , Zakharov Lev N. , Haley Michael M. , Johnson Darren W.
Published: January 2019

Easy-to-synthesize methanesulfonyl substituents are introduced as a way to polarize C–I halogen bond donors for reversible halide binding in competitive media.
PROTAC-mediated crosstalk between E3 ligases
Authors: Steinebach Christian , Kehm Hannes , Lindner Stefanie , Vu Lan Phuong , Köpff Simon , López Mármol Álvaro , Weiler Corinna , Wagner Karl G. , Reichenzeller Michaela , Krönke Jan , Gütschow Michael
Published: January 2019

Small-molecule heterobifunctional degraders can effectively control protein levels and are useful research tools.
Ball size or ball mass – what matters in organic mechanochemical synthesis?
Authors: Michalchuk Adam A. L. , Tumanov Ivan A. , Boldyreva Elena V.
Published: January 2019

The effects of milling ball mass, size and material are isolated for a model mechanochemical co-crystallisation.
Time-resolved imaging of bound and dissociating nuclear wave packets in strong-field ionized iodomethane
Authors: Malakar Y. , Pearson W. L. , Zohrabi M. , Kaderiya B. , P. Kanaka Raju , Ziaee F. , Xue S. , Le A. T. , Ben-Itzhak I. , Rolles D. , Rudenko A.
Published: January 2019

We report the results of a time-resolved coincident ion momentum imaging experiment probing nuclear wave packet dynamics in the strong-field ionization and dissociation of iodomethane (CH3I).
Accurate many-body calculation of electronic and optical band gap of bulk hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Kolos Miroslav , Karlický František
Published: January 2019

Benchmark values of quasiparticle and optical gap of bulk h-BN are provided and compared to selected approximative methods.
Density functional theory for the microscopic structure of nanoparticles at the liquid–liquid interface
Authors: Sokołowski Stefan , Pizio Orest
Published: January 2019

We propose an extension of the density functional approach to study the structure and thermodynamic properties of a system comprising a certain amount of nanoparticles at the interface between two partially miscible liquids.
Anilido-oxazoline-ligated rare-earth metal complexes: synthesis, characterization and highly cis-1,4-selective polymerization of isoprene
Authors: Pan Yu , Li Wenqiang , Wei Ning-Ning , So Yat-Ming , Li Yang , Jiang Kang , He Gaohong
Published: January 2019

Anilido-oxazoline-ligated rare-earth metal complexes show strong fluorescence emissions and good catalytic performance on isoprene polymerization with high cis-1,4-selectivity.
A microfluidic photoelectrochemical cell for solar-driven CO2 conversion into liquid fuels with CuO-based photocathodes
Authors: Kalamaras Evangelos , Belekoukia Meltiani , Tan Jeannie Z. Y. , Xuan Jin , Maroto-Valer M. Mercedes , Andresen John M.
Published: January 2019

Schematic representation of photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction set-up.
Collection and identification of an unknown component from Eugenia uniflora essential oil exploiting a multidimensional preparative three-GC system employing apolar, mid-polar and ionic liquid stationary phases
Authors: Sciarrone Danilo , Schepis Antonino , De Grazia Gemma , Rotondo Archimede , Alibrando Filippo , Cipriano Roger Raupp , Bizzo Humberto , Deschamps Cicero , Sidisky Leonard M. , Mondello Luigi
Published: January 2019

MDGC-Prep is used in combination with NMR, GC-FTIR and GC-MS analyses for the structure elucidation of an unknown component from Eugenia uniflora L. essential oil.
Continuous-flow catalytic deuterodehalogenation carried out in propylene carbonate
Authors: Orsy György , Fülöp Ferenc , Mándity István M.
Published: January 2019

Continuous-flow dehalodeuteration of aromatics carried out in propylene carbonate for a liveable future.
Photo-organocatalytic synthesis of acetals from aldehydes
Authors: Nikitas Nikolaos F. , Triandafillidi Ierasia , Kokotos Christoforos G.
Published: January 2019

A mild and green photo-organocatalytic protocol for the highly efficient acetalization of aldehydes has been developed.
Transformable bubble-filled alginate microfibersviavertical microfluidics
Authors: Chaurasia Ankur Shubhlal , Sajjadi Shahriar
Published: January 2019

The buoyancy force acting on fibers in a vertical microfluidic setup was utilized to form transformable air-filled hydrogel microfibers and microparticles.
Digital microfluidics and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for in situ diffusion measurements and reaction monitoring
Authors: Swyer Ian , von der Ecken Sebastian , Wu Bing , Jenne Amy , Soong Ronald , Vincent Franck , Schmidig Daniel , Frei Thomas , Busse Falko , Stronks Henry J. , Simpson André J. , Wheeler Aaron R.
Published: January 2019

We describe a two-plate digital microfluidic method for interfacing with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (DMF-NMR) for microscale chemical analysis.
The presence and response to Zn of ZnT family mRNAs in human dental pulp
Authors: Wahono Nieka A , Ford Dianne , Wakeling Luisa A , Valentine Ruth A
Published: January 2019

Zinc (Zn) is distributed throughout the body and within cells by saturable processes mediated by the transport proteins of the ZnT (SLC30) and ZIP (SLC39) families. The two families function in opposite directions. ZnT transporters mediate cellular zinc efflux or intracellular sequestration. Zn is found in human tooth enamel and dentine at levels that have been related to environmental exposures, such as pollution, disease, and dietary intake. The mechanism by which Zn in the odontoblast is deposited in the hard tissue of the tooth, however, is unknown but is important in determining the physical properties, and hence resilience, of enamel and in the context of the use of tooth zinc level as a biomarker of exposure. We hypothesised that zinc efflux mediated by members of the ZnT family of 10 transporters is a key step in this process and is regulated by zinc availability through effects on mRNA levels. Thus, we determined the profile of ZnT transporter mRNA in a human active-secretory odontoblast-like cell model under conditions of high- and low-extracellular Zn concentration and determined if the same transporter mRNAs were present in human dental pulp. ZnT1, ZnT5 and ZnT9 mRNAs were detected by RT-PCR in both the secretory odontoblast cells and human dental pulp. ZnT2, ZnT3 and ZnT10 mRNAs were not detected, and ZnT4 mRNA was detected in secretory odontoblasts only, which may be indicative of a specialised zinc efflux function during the active secretory phase of tooth development. ZnT1 mRNA was significantly increased in response to extracellular Zn exposure (60 μM) after 24 h. The presence of Zn transporter mRNAs in secretory odontoblasts and dental pulp indicates that the corresponding transport proteins function to deposit zinc in the dental hard tissues. The responsiveness of ZnT1 in odontoblasts to zinc availability is concordant with this being a process that is regulated to maintain cellular Zn homeostasis and that is a mediator of the relationship between environmental Zn exposure and dental Zn deposition. These findings have likely relevance to human dental health through effects of Zn transporter expression level on the hard tissue properties.
Will organic–inorganic hybrid halide lead perovskites be eliminated from optoelectronic applications?
Authors: Yi Zijun , Ladi Najib Haji , Shai Xuxia , Li Hao , Shen Yan , Wang Mingkui
Published: January 2019

In the development of perovskite solar cells, a new version of Don Quixote is needed if scientists are to keep on seeking the most celebrated works of literature, according to the evaluation criterion of ‘THE FIRST’ and ‘THE BEST’.
Keggin-type polyoxometalate cluster as an active component for redox-based nonvolatile memory
Authors: Chen Xiaoli , Huang Pu , Zhu Xin , Zhuang Suixing , Zhu Hengcheng , Fu Jingjing , Nissimagoudar Arun S. , Li Wu , Zhang Xiuwen , Zhou Li , Wang Yan , Lv Ziyu , Zhou Ye , Han Su-Ting
Published: January 2019

Keggin-type polyoxometalate (POM) cluster based non-volatile memory has been investigated, and the molecular reconfiguration induced by the reduction process of POM molecules is proposed to initialize the resistive switching behavior.
A diphenylacrylonitrile conjugated porphyrin with near-infrared emission by AIE–FRET
Authors: Han Chenyang , Jiang Shengjie , Qiu Jiabin , Guo Hongyu , Yang Fafu
Published: January 2019

The strong aggregation induced emission–fluorescence resonance energy transfer (AIE–FRET) effect was observed for diphenylacrylonitrile units and porphyrin units.
Theoretical investigation on the mechanism of glucose-to-fructose isomerization synergistically catalyzed by MnCl2 and [C4SO3HMIM][CH3SO3] in [BMIM]Cl
Authors: Jing Yaru , Han Zhe , Liu Chengbu , Zhang Dongju
Published: January 2019

The mechanism of glucose-to-fructose isomerization catalyzed by manganese chloride (MnCl2) and 1-methyl-3-(3-sulfobutyl)-imidazolium methylsulfonate ([C4SO3HMIM][CH3SO3]) in a 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) ionic liquid (IL) was investigated computationally.
Two rare Cr–Ln (Ln = Dy, Tb) heterometallic cluster substituted polyoxometalates featuring hexameric aggregates: hydrothermal syntheses, crystal structures and magnetic studies
Authors: Gu Ya-Nan , Yu Hao , Lin Li-Dan , Wu Yan-Lan , Li Zhong , Pan Wen-Yue , He Jiang , Chen Ling , Li Qi , Li Xin-Xiong
Published: January 2019

Two hexameric Cr–Ln cluster substituted POMs have been obtained under hydrothermal conditions. They represent the first examples of 3d–4f heterometallic cluster substituted POMs incorporating Cr–Ln clusters.
I2/DMSO-mediated multicomponent reaction of o-hydroxyaryl methyl ketones, rongalite, and DMSO: access to C3-sulfenylated chromones
Authors: Wang Miao , Tang Bo-Cheng , Ma Jin-Tian , Wang Zi-Xuan , Xiang Jia-Chen , Wu Yan-Dong , Wang Jun-Gang , Wu An-Xin
Published: January 2019

An efficient I2–DMSO reagent system-mediated multicomponent reaction strategy for the synthesis of C3-sulfenylated chromones from o-hydroxyaryl methyl ketones, rongalite, and dimethyl sulfoxide has been developed.
Towards 20,20-difluorinated bryostatin: synthesis and biological evaluation of C17,C27-fragments
Authors: Mears Paul R. , Hoekman Steven , Rye Claire E. , Bailey Fiona P. , Byrne Dominic P. , Eyers Patrick A. , Thomas Eric J.
Published: January 2019

The syntheses of compounds corresponding to 20,20-difluorinated C17–C27 fragments of bryostatin are reported together with preliminary PKC binding data.
Heterolytic bond activation at gold: evidence for gold(iii) H–B, H–Si complexes, H–H and H–C cleavage
Authors: Rocchigiani Luca , Budzelaar Peter H. M. , Bochmann Manfred
Published: January 2019

Gold(iii) forms spectroscopically detectable H–B and H–Si σ-complexes; experiments and DFT calculations demonstrate heterolytic H–Si, H–H and H–C bond cleavage.
Insights into a layered hybrid solid electrolyte and its application in long lifespan high-voltage all-solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Yu Shicheng , Schmohl Sebastian , Liu Zigeng , Hoffmeyer Marija , Schön Nino , Hausen Florian , Tempel Hermann , Kungl Hans , Wiemhöfer Hans–D. , Eichel Rüdiger–A.
Published: January 2019

Polymer layers enhance the compatibility of LATP and electrodes, leading to the superb cycling stability of all-solid-state lithium batteries.
Terminal group engineering for small-molecule donors boosts the performance of nonfullerene organic solar cells
Authors: Duan Tainan , Tang Hua , Liang Ru-Ze , Lv Jie , Kan Zhipeng , Singh Ranbir , Kumar Manish , Xiao Zeyun , Lu Shirong , Laquai Frédéric
Published: January 2019

Two new small molecule donors (BDT-RO and BDT-RN) with esterified rhodanine (RE) as the terminal group are designed and synthesized. By combining with the fused-ring acceptor IDIC, a high PCE of over 9.0% is achieved by BDT-RO, and its isomer BDT-RN also shows a PCE close to 8.4%.
Towards scalable synthesis of high-quality PbS colloidal quantum dots for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Zhou Sijie , Liu Zeke , Wang Yongjie , Lu Kunyuan , Yang Fan , Gu Mengfan , Xu Yalong , Chen Si , Ling Xufeng , Zhang Yannan , Li Fangchao , Yuan Jianyu , Ma Wanli
Published: January 2019

Accelerating inorganic nanocrystal-based photovoltaic technology needs more efficient synthetic protocols for large scale manufacture, high yield and excellent quality nanocrystal materials.
Comment on Yathiraj & Vanaja (2018), “Criteria to Classify Children as Having Auditory Processing Disorders”
Authors: Norrix Linda W. , Faux Cass
Published: January 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this letter is to comment on an article by
Yathiraj and Vanaja (2018)
titled “Criteria to Classify Children as Having Auditory Processing Disorders.”

Conclusions

Although there is a need to diagnose auditory processing disorders in school-age children, the criteria recommended by
Yathiraj and Vanaja (2018)
are not empirically derived. Continued research is needed to clearly define an auditory processing disorder in this population and develop highly sensitive and specific tests to diagnose the disorder.
Sound Distortion Errors in Aphasia With Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Haley Katarina L. , Smith Michael , Wambaugh Julie L.
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Loosely defined diagnostic criteria for acquired apraxia of speech (AOS) limit clinicians' ability to diagnose the disorder validly and reliably. The purpose of this study was to contribute to the development of more precise diagnostic guidelines by characterizing the frequency and quality of sound distortion errors in speakers with clinically diagnosed AOS.

Method

Audio-recorded motor speech evaluations from 24 speakers with AOS and aphasia were analyzed by trained listeners using a narrow phonetic transcription protocol that included 12 distortion categories. We calculated percentage of segments transcribed with phonemic error, distortion error, and a combination of phonemic and distortion error.

Results

Distortion frequency varied substantially across participants, distributing on a continuum from 5% to 22% of segments. The frequency of phonemic errors was significantly greater than the frequency of distortion errors, which, in turn, was greater than the frequency of distorted substitution errors. The most common distortion qualities were voicing ambiguity and segment lengthening, but over 40% of distortion errors were distributed across an assortment of tongue modifications.

Conclusions

The results replicated observations from previous studies of speakers with quantitatively defined AOS in a new sample of participants with clinically diagnosed AOS. Similar distortion qualities were observed across studies, offering focus for diagnosticians and guidance for operationalizing future measures. The broad performance continua we observed help explain why binary classification of the presence/absence of AOS can be challenging and indicate a need to develop quantitative norms.
Principles and Ethics of Authorship
Authors: Wiley Terry L.
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Rules and ethics of authorship for scientific papers are reviewed. Those authorship criteria specific to American Speech-Language-Hearing Association journals are reviewed as well as those required by journals in related fields.

Conclusions

The importance of first author status for students publishing their doctoral dissertation research is stressed as well as the need to discuss and resolve authorship status for all investigators early in the research process. The authorship criteria for the journal of choice are mandatory, and this necessitates educating all authors regarding the existing requirements.
Fostering Preschoolers' Emergent Literacy: Recommendations for Enhanced Literacy Experiences and Collaborative Instruction
Authors: Gabas Clariebelle , Marante Leesa , Cabell Sonia Q.
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Emergent literacy skills involve both the code-related and oral language skills that serve as the foundation for successful reading and writing development. Code-related skills have been found to be highly predictive of decoding skills for preschool children and continue to exert a strong influence through the early elementary grades. Likewise, early oral language skills make important contributions to later reading comprehension. Accordingly, the preschool period is a critical time for supporting and facilitating growth in children's emergent literacy skills. Speech-language pathologists working in preschool settings can play an integral role in enhancing literacy instruction through their specialized knowledge of linguistic concepts and language development. The following article aims to provide practitioners with evidence-based strategies for supporting the development of preschoolers' emergent literacy skills in the context of shared book reading and making experience books. The article also outlines recommendations for fostering effective collaborations with teachers to provide high-quality classroom experiences for all preschool children.

Conclusion

Providing preschool children with a print-rich environment along with clear and explicit explanations, scaffolding, and ample opportunities for practice can help to enhance the quality of language and literacy instruction. Although this article specifically focuses on shared book reading and making experience books, it is important to note that the strategies discussed here apply to a variety of activities. Speech-language pathologists are encouraged to actively collaborate with teachers to integrate these strategies into various classroom activities to optimize learning and promote children's emergent literacy skills.
Unusual neutron-capture nucleosynthesis in a carbon-rich Galactic bulge star
Authors: Koch Andreas , Reichert Moritz , Hansen Camilla Juul , Hampel Melanie , Stancliffe Richard J. , Karakas Amanda , Arcones Almudena
Published: January 2019

Metal-poor stars in the Galactic halo often show strong enhancements in carbon and/or neutron-capture elements. However, the Galactic bulge is notable for its paucity of these carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) and/or CH-stars, with only two such objects known to date. This begs the question whether the processes that produced their abundance distribution were governed by a comparable nucleosynthesis in similar stellar sites as for their more numerous counterparts in the halo. Recently, two contenders of these classes of stars were discovered in the bulge, at [Fe/H] = −1.5 and −2.5 dex, both of which show enhancements in [C/Fe] of 0.4 and 1.4 dex (respectively), [Ba/Fe] in excess of 1.3 dex, and also elevated nitrogen. The more metal-poor of the stars can be well matched by standard s-process nucleosynthesis in low-mass asymptotic giant branch (AGB) polluters. The other star shows an abnormally high [Rb/Fe] ratio. Here, we further investigate the origin of the abundance peculiarities in the Rb-rich star by new, detailed measurements of heavy element abundances and by comparing the chemical element ratios of 36 species to several models of neutron-capture nucleosynthesis. The i-process with intermediate neutron densities between those of the slow (s-) and rapid (r)-neutron-capture processes has been previously found to provide good matches of CEMP stars with enhancements in both r- and s-process elements (class CEMP-r/s), rather than invoking a superposition of yields from the respective individual processes. However, the peculiar bulge star is incompatible with a pure i-process from a single ingestion event. Instead, it can, statistically, be better reproduced by more convoluted models accounting for two proton ingestion events, or by an i-process component in combination with s-process nucleosynthesis in low-to-intermediate mass (2–3 M⊙) AGB stars, indicating multiple polluters. Finally, we discuss the impact of mixing during stellar evolution on the observed abundance peculiarities.
Tomato Automation Cultivation System: Automatize Watering and Fertilizer Based On Sensory Information
Authors: Eu Kok Seng , Ang Choon Hwa , Lee Yoon Ket , Tay Tee Tiong , Goh Yeh Huann , Teoh Choe Yung
Published: January 2019

This research is to build a tomato watering and fertilizing machine for household-based agriculture. The objective is to reduce the work of planting the tomato tree, keeping the tomato tree stays healthily, and increase the interest of the people on the innovative agriculture in the household. This project aims to increase the efficiency of planting tomato, by reducing the tomato growth period and promoting the innovative way of planting. The planting of tomato tree in the household environment has a high chance of suffering diseases such as black spot disease, mould leaf disease, and yellow leaf disease, due to reasons of poorly controlling of temperature, watering, and humanity. The outcome of this automated cultivation machine can prevent the tomato trees away from the above-mentioned diseases. In conclusion, the automated cultivation machine provides an eco-farming environment that closes to the natural environment and the tomato tree not only grow healthy but also speed up the growing process in the machine. Moreover, the size of the machine is suited to household and promotes the interest of the people in household-based agriculture.
Impact of Vibration on Double-Porosity Unsaturated Laterite Soil with Different Water Contents
Authors: Mohd Fadhli Abd Rashid , Noraliani Alias , Kamarudin Ahmad , Radzuan Sa'ari , Mohd Zamri Ramli , Zulkiflee Ibrahim
Published: January 2019

Engineering practices, natural and man-made vibrations phenomena such as blasting, construction machinery and operations, and vehicle traffic vibrations can cause stresses to soils. In addition, changes in moisture content may affect the speed of liquid penetrating the soils. Therefore, the impacts due to vibrations and changes in moisture contents need to be addressed to ensure geo-environment sustainability. This can be achieved by conducting laboratory experiments to determine the behaviour of deformable double-porosity soil samples with different water contents subjected to non-repeated vibrations. In this study, aggregated laterite soil samples were prepared with 30% and 34% moisture contents. Each aggregated soil was poured into an acrylic column then the soil was compressed to a pre-determined height of 10 cm. Testing was performed on each soil column using a vibrating table where accelerometers were installed to measure high-frequency acceleration time histories on the surfaces of the vibrating table and laterite soil. The tests were conducted by increasing the amplitude of displacement and the acceleration time histories were collected to record maximum amplitudes. The results showed that the soil surface acceleration in non-repeated vibration was increased with increasing moisture contents. It was also discovered that the speed of liquid penetration was influenced by vibration due to rearrangement of soil particles and changes in soil structure and porosity characteristics.
Optimization of the PID-PD parameters of the overhead crane control system by using PSO algorithm
Authors: Azmi Nur Iffah Mohamed , Yahya Nafrizuan Mat , Fu Ho Jun , Yusoff Wan Azhar Wan
Published: January 2019

The development of combination of proportional-integral-derivative and proportional- derivative (PID-PD) controller for overhead crane is presented. Due to the pendulum-like settings, the swinging of load has caused many difficulties while operating the overhead crane. Swinging of the load causes unnecessary tension to the cable and structure of the overhead crane, which will compromise the safety of operator and other workers. Overhead cranes should have the ability to move the load to desired point as fast as possible while minimizing the load swing and maintaining the accuracy. Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is used for overhead crane positioning and proportional-derivative (PD) controller for load oscillation. New time-domain performance criterion function is used in particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for the tuning of the PID-PD controller rather than the general performance criteria using error of the system. This performance criterion function monitors the performance in terms of rise time, overshoot, settling time and steady state error of the overhead crane system. The performance of the optimised PID-PD controller is verified with simulation in MATLAB. The PSO optimized PID-PD controllers with new performance criterion are shown effective in improving the step response of the overhead crane position as well as controlled the load oscillation.
Design of an Intelligent Customer Identification Model in e- Commerce Logistics Industry
Authors: Luk C.C. , Choy K.L. , Lam H.Y.
Published: January 2019

The emergence of e-commerce in recent years has lead to revolutionary changes in the logistics industry, as e-commerce relies heavily on efficient logistics to deliver the online goods to customers in a short period of time. Compared with traditional logistics, e-commerce orders, with a high variety of goods but small in quantity, are generally received from large number of customers worldwide. With a huge customer base, it is challenging for logistics service providers (LSPs) to provide satisfactory time-critical logistics services to meet the diversified customer requirements. In order to differentiate its services from others e-commerce LSPs, it is important to identify potential target groups of customers, and their behaviour so as to attract their attention. In this paper, an intelligent customer identification model (ICIM) is designed to support data analysis for managing customer relationships in a systematic way. The ICIM integrates the k-means clustering algorithm and the C4.5 classification algorithm in order to be able to deal with both continuous and discrete attributes for extracting valuable hidden knowledge. This effectively supports the identification of actual customer needs, and the classification of new customers in the future with minimum time for developing customer relationship management (CRM) recommendations to customers, thus improving business performance. Through a pilot study in a freight forwarding company in Hong Kong, it provides a real world demonstration and validation of data mining for CRM in the emerging e-commerce logistics industry.
Evaluation of the Proposed Hybrid Multiprocessor Real-Time Scheduling Approach with Partitioned and Global Approaches
Authors: Habibah Ismail , Dayang N. A. Jawawi , Ismail Ahmedy , Mohd Adham Isa
Published: January 2019

Generally, multiprocessor real-time scheduling algorithm fall into two basic approaches, partitioned and global. The hybrid solution that we proposed applies the partitioned scheduling approach to the task set until all processors have been filled. The remaining tasks are then scheduled using the global scheduling approach. The idea of a hybrid scheduling approach to ameliorate limitations of partitioned and global approaches. Studies have shown that most prior research on hybrid multiprocessor real-time scheduling has been confined to hard and soft real-time tasks. In fact, the implementation of hybrid approach and the performance of such algorithms in comparison to partitioned and global approaches have not been fully answered by previous studies. This paper performs experimental evaluation of our proposed hybrid multiprocessor scheduling approach, R-BOUND-MP-NFRNS and RM-US (m/3m-2) with multiprocessor response time test, with one of the best scheduling approach from partitioned and global scheduling approaches. The evaluation is based on simulation experiments using videophone application and Cruise Control with Collision Avoidance (CCCA) case studies that mixes real-time tasks of different criticality. The experimental results have presented in terms of three metrics or in other words, performance measurement parameters, namely deadline satisfaction ratio, least system utilization and preemption density (overhead ratio). Based on these three metrics, the proposed hybrid scheduling approach achieved higher percentage compare to the other two approaches. This indicates that such a hybrid scheduling approach is a viable alternative to use in multiprocessor systems and for best scheduled constrained deadline periodic tasks where timing constraints known as weakly hard.
Analysis of Cantilever Beam Deflection under Uniformly Distributed Load using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Tuan Ya T.M.Y.S , Alebrahim Reza , Fitri Nadziim , Alebrahim Mahdi
Published: January 2019

In this study the deflection of a cantilever beam was simulated under the action of uniformly distributed load. The large deflection of the cantilever beam causes the non-linear behavior of beam. The prupose of this study is to predict the deflection of a cantilever beam using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The simulation of the deflection was carried out in MATLAB by using 2-D Finite Element Method (FEM) to collect the training data for the ANN. The predicted data was then verified again through a non linear 2-D geometry problem solver, FEM. Loads in different magnitudes were applied and the non-linear behaviour of the beam was then recorded. It was observed that, there is a close agreement between the predicted data from ANN and the results simulated in the FEM.
The Research of Autonomous In-orbit Health Management System for China’s Manned Spacecrafts
Authors: Bai Linhou , Yang Hong , Liang Ke
Published: January 2019

The development trend of manned spacecraft is long-term in-orbit flight and long-term astronaut’s residency. Under the condition of limited TT&C resource, the autonomous health management of spacecraft is a critical and mandatory system to ensure the safety of the astronauts and platform. Based on the discussion of the autonomous health management objectives and management modes of manned spacecraft and combining the distribution and hierarchical information structure of China’s manned spacecraft, this paper elaborates an autonomous health management system. This autonomous health management system adopts a by-level safety threshold management method by establishing a mapping database between different important risk safety thresholds and system safety modes. When the key parameters reach different pre-set thresholds, the system autonomously downgrades and reconstructs the aircraft functionalities in the event of failure to realize optimal auto-processing and solves the issue between randomness of auto-processing and task continuity. The research has been applied to the China’s Space Station.
Self-repairing and tribological behaviour of steel–steel friction pairs lubricated with an oil with magnesium silicate hydrosilicate as additive
Authors: Wang Libo , Yang Yi , Yang Gang , Shui Guohong , Wu Mingxia
Published: January 2019

Magnesium silicate hydrosilicate (MSH) was added into a lubricating oil as an additive for testing self-repairing capability of a friction pair when it is lubricated. A systemic examination of the structure and chemical composition of the surfaces with self-repairing layers was carried out with an expectation of reducing the wear and even fully repairing the surfaces through the newly grown layers. The wear behaviour of the surfaces, including that having the deposited self-repairing layers, was examined with reference to the lubricated steel friction pairs, being loaded under different working conditions. The treated surfaces and their chemical composition were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and EDS/XRD, respectively. The results showed that the level of the concentration of the additive in the lubricating oil does not affect the chemical composition of the self-repairing layer formed, and lubricating oil with 1.0% MSH is an optimal concentration value for reducing friction and wear for the friction pairs examined. At the same time, the grown self-repairing layers become more uniform as the duration of sliding between the two parts in a friction pair increases.