bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic modeling and simulation of an induction motor with adaptive backstepping design of an input-output feedback linearization controller in series hybrid electric vehicle
Authors: Jalalifar Mehran , Payam Farrokh , Nezhad Saghaeian , Moghbeli Hassan
Published: October 2011

In this paper using adaptive backstepping approach an adaptive rotor flux observer which provides stator and rotor resistances estimation simultaneously for induction motor used in series hybrid electric vehicle is proposed. The controller of induction motor (IM) is designed based on input-output feedback linearization technique. Combining this controller with adaptive backstepping observer the system is robust against rotor and stator resistances uncertainties. In additional, mechanical components of a hybrid electric vehicle are called from the Advanced Vehicle Simulator Software Library and then linked with the electric motor. Finally, a typical series hybrid electric vehicle is modeled and investigated. Various tests, such as acceleration traversing ramp, and fuel consumption and emission are performed on the proposed model of a series hybrid vehicle. Computer simulation results obtained, confirm the validity and performance of the proposed IM control approach using for series hybrid electric vehicle.
Peculiarities of the relays intended for operating trip coils of the high-voltage circuit breakers
Authors: Gurevich Vladimir
Published: October 2011

Parameters of the subminiature electromagnetic relays used as output elements in microprocessor relay protection, do not correspond to technical specifications on these relay protection. The reasons of this discrepancy are analyzed. Contradictions and discrepancies of the international standards in this area are considered. It is shown, that absence of clearness in standards and mistakes in technical specifications of manufacturers of microprocessor protection do not allow estimating correctly technical parameters and lead to decrease in reliability of relay protection.
Forces in a 3D magnetic field of conducting current contours
Authors: Stancheva Rumena , Iatcheva Ilona
Published: October 2011

The present paper deals with 3D magnetic field analysis of conducting current contours. The magnetic field and forces were calculated analytically and by FEM applying the Comsol Multiphysics package. Forces were calculated by the Maxwell stress tensor and by volume force density. Numerical results for real and ideal contours with the same linear dimensions are discussed. Comparison between analytical and numerical data shows satisfactory agreement.
Hybrid posicast controller for a DC-DC buck converter
Authors: Kaithamalai Udhayakumar , Ponnusamy Lakshmi , Kandasamy Boobal
Published: October 2011

A new Posicast compensated hybrid controller for the DC-DC Buck converter is investigated. Posicast is a feed forward compensator, which eliminates the overshoot in the step response of a lightly damped system. However, the traditional method is sensitive to variations in natural frequency. The new method described here reduces this undesirable sensitivity by using Posicast within the feedback loop. Design of the Posicast function is independent of computational delay. The new controller results in a lower noise in the control signal, when compared to a conventional PID controller.
Two approaches for log-compression parameter estimation: Comparative study
Authors: Paskas Milorad
Published: October 2011

Standard ultrasound devices perform nonlinear compression reducing dynamic range of the signal. In order to reconstruct original signal it is necessary to find out statistics of the signal before and signal after compression. There are two techniques for compression parameter estimation or, that is equivalent, compressed signal reconstruction advised in literature. In the paper we perform comparison of these techniques both for computer generated signals and ultrasound images. .
The efficiency of direct torque control for electric vehicle behavior improvement
Authors: Gasbaoui Brahim , Chaker Abdelkader , Laoufi Abdellah , Allaoua Boumediène , Nasri Abdelfatah
Published: October 2011

Nowadays the electric vehicle motorization control takes a great interest of industrials for commercialized electric vehicles. This paper is one example of the proposed control methods that ensure both safety and stability the electric vehicle by the means of Direct Torque Control (DTC). For motion of the vehicle the electric drive consists of four wheels: two front ones for steering and two rear ones for propulsion equipped with two induction motors, due to their lightweight simplicity and high performance. Acceleration and steering are ensured by the electronic differential, permitting safe and reliable steering at any curve. The direct torque control ensures efficiently controlled vehicle. Electric vehicle direct torque control is simulated in MATLAB SIMULINK environment. Electric vehicle (EV) demonstrated satisfactory results in all type of roads constraints: straight, ramp, downhill and bends.
Diabetes Prevalence and Care in the Métis Population of Ontario, Canada
Authors: Shah Baiju R. , Cauch-Dudek Karen , Pigeau Lisa
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE

The Métis are a distinct Aboriginal people in Canada with a unique history, culture, and language. This study examined diabetes prevalence and care in the Métis of Ontario.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The 14,480 people in the citizenship registry of the Métis Nation of Ontario were linked with provincial health care databases to determine diabetes prevalence and processes of care. Rates were compared between the Métis and the general Ontario population.

RESULTS

The age/sex standardized prevalence of diabetes for the Métis was 11.2%, nearly 25% higher than that of the general Ontario population. Métis were more likely to be hospitalized (12.7 vs. 10.7%) or require emergency room visits (36.1 vs. 27.7%).

CONCLUSIONS

Métis people have an increased burden of diabetes that puts them at risk for complications and morbidity. Ensuring adequate access to and quality of care for diabetes is essential to maintain the health of the Métis people.
Development and validation of the stability-indicating LC-UV method for the determination of cefoselis sulphate
Authors: Zalewski Przemysław , Cielecka-Piontek Judyta , Jelińska Anna
Published: October 2011

The stability-indicating LC assay method was developed and validated for quantitative determination of cefoselis sulphate in the presence of degradation products formed during the forced degradation studies. An isocratic, RP-HPLC method was developed with C-18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column and 12 mM ammonium acetate-acetonitrile (95:5 V/V) as a mobile phase. The flow rate of the mobile phase was 1.0 mL min−1. Detection wavelength was 260 nm and temperature was 30°C. Cefoselis similarly to other cephalosporins was subjected to stress conditions of degradation in aqueous solutions including hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis and thermal degradation. The developed method was validated with regard to linearity, accuracy, precision, selectivity and robustness. The method was applied successfully for identification and determination of cefoselis sulphate in pharmaceuticals and during kinetic studies.
Parcours de vie et vieillissement ordinaire données de cadrage
Authors: Renaut Sylvie
Published: October 2011

Vieillir est un processus de longueur et de vitesse inégales. Un vaste panorama des conditions de vie et de santé de la population générale, dès 45 ans et jusqu'à 85 ans et plus, est présenté par tranche d'âge décennal à partir de l'enquête Handicap-Santé, réalisée en 2008 par l'Insee et la Drees. La qualité du vieillissement est constitutive des différentes dimensions qui structurent le parcours de vie : l'environnement, habitat et le logement, l'organisation économique et sociale du ménage et de la famille, les ressources individuelles de santé et les modes de prise en charge.
Les seniors au festival
Authors: Djakouane Aurélien , Jourda Marie , Négrier Emmanuel , Vidal Marion
Published: October 2011

L’objectif de cet article est d’éclairer les goûts musicaux et les pratiques culturelles d’une certaine catégorie de personnes âgées : les festivaliers. En partant d’une enquête réalisée en 2008 auprès d’une cinquantaine de festivals de musique et de danse, nous cherchons à approfondir la réflexion sur la variable de l’âge dans l’analyse des pratiques festivalières et des goûts musicaux, à partir du cas des plus de 65 ans qui représentent 20 % des festivaliers. Nous montrons qu’il n’existe pas de festivals de « seniors », tout comme il n’existe pas une palette de goûts musicaux propre à chaque génération. Cependant, celle des festivaliers âgés se distingue de celle des jeunes. Ces différences de goûts et de pratiques semblent être croissantes avec l’écart entre les populations. Plus les écarts entre les tranches d’âge s’élèvent et plus les différences de goût s’accroissent.
Vieillesses ordinaires en solitude
Authors: Campéon Arnaud
Published: October 2011

La canicule de l’été 2003 a entraîné une prise de conscience de la vulnérabilité de nombreuses personnes âgées. Elle a permis de sensibiliser l’opinion publique à la question du lien social et à son importance au fil de l’avancée en âge. Cet article se propose d’étudier ce qui se passe lorsque ce lien fait défaut pour les personnes âgées vieillissantes. Isolées, parfois dans le dénuement le plus total, ces hommes et ces femmes peuvent en effet faire l’expérience d’une vie en solitude qu’ils ont rarement choisie et qu’ils doivent, tant bien que mal, réussir à « enchanter ». L’enquête qualitative que nous avons menée auprès d’une soixantaine de retraité(e)s apporte des renseignements sur ces solitudes « ordinaires » de la vie quotidienne.
Contexto geomorfológico y principales rasgos tecnológicos de nuevos yacimientos del Pleistoceno Medio y Superior en el Valle Inferior del Manzanares (Madrid, España)
Authors: Silva P. G. , López Recio M. , Cuartero F. , Baena J. , Tapias F. , Manzano I. , Martín D. , Morín J. , Roquero E.
Published: October 2011

Las intervenciones arqueológicas llevadas a cabo durante los años 1996 en Tafesa, 2005 en el yacimiento Hospital 12 de Octubre y 2006 en la desembocadura del arroyo Butarque (Villaverde-Barrio de Butarque) situados al sur de la ciudad de Madrid (España), han aportado nuevos conjuntos líticos contextualizados estratigráficamente en los depósitos fluviales pleistocenos correspondientes al tramo inferior del valle del río Manzanares. Los yacimientos arqueológicos analizados se sitúan geomorfológicamente en la denominada “Terraza Compleja del Manzanares” (TCMZ), la cual constituye un nivel fluvial engrosado (20-15 m de potencia) situado entre +22-16 m sobre el cauce actual del río, a lo largo de su margen derecha. Este nivel fluvial ha sido tradicionalmente considerado de edad Pleistoceno medio en base a la industria achelense y complejos faunísticos encontrados en sus niveles inferiores. Ciertamente, Tafesa es un yacimiento situado en la parte inferior-media de la terraza de +22 m con industria achelense y fauna de Pleistoceno medio. Por el contrario, los niveles superiores de esta misma terraza en los sectores del 12 de Octubre y Villaverde-Butarque se encuentran asociados a industrias del Paleolítico inferior y medio ya pertenecientes al Pleistoceno superior, como sugieren el conjunto de dataciones OSL y TL existentes para la zona. Los datos analizados en este trabajo indican que el desarrollo de este nivel de terraza engrosado comienza durante la parte final de Pleistoceno medio y abarca todo el Estadio Isotópico OIS 5, ya dentro del Pleistoceno superior.
Computational Engineering in the Cloud
Authors: Hochstein Lorin , Schott Brian , Graybill Robert B.
Published: October 2011

Cloud computing services, which allow users to lease time on remote computer systems, must be particularly attractive to smaller engineering organizations that use engineering simulation software. Such organizations have occasional need for substantial computing power but may lack the budget and in-house expertise to purchase and maintain such resources locally. The case study presented in this paper examines the potential benefits and practical challenges that a medium-sized manufacturing firm faced when attempting to leverage computing resources in a cloud computing environment to do model-based simulation. Results show substantial reductions in execution time for the problem of interest, but several socio-technical barriers exist that may hinder more widespread adoption of cloud computing within engineering.
Improved Bacterial Colony Chemotaxis Algorithm for Distribution Network Planning
Authors: Fan Peng Fei , Zhang Li Zi , Wang Zhe
Published: October 2011

This paper applies bacterial colony chemotaxis (BCC) algorithm to distribution network planning and makes some improvements about this algorithm. Firstly, we put forward an improved strategy based on the parallelogram law in order to make full use of different kinds of optimization information generated in the iterative process of BCC algorithm. Secondly, according to the characteristic of distribution network planning, the solution strategy of Boolean predicament is proposed. Lastly, we apply the improved BCC algorithm to distribution network planning and it is proved effective and feasible.
Fault Location in Distribution Systems Considering the Non-Liner Profile Characteristic of Voltage Sag on the Bus
Authors: Zheng Tian Wen , Yang Jian Wen , Xiao Xian Yong , Wang Ying
Published: October 2011

The bus will experience different voltage sag when fault occurs at different location. Based on the non-liner profile characteristic of voltage sag measured at the bus, the paper proposes a new fault location method. Firstly, it obtains the analytical expression of each section based on the relationship between voltage sag and fault location. Then calculate the fault distance using chord secant method and identify the faulted section through the minimal deviation of fault distance. The combined two results of fault distance and faulted section make fault location accurately. It overcomes the difficulty of radial power distribution systems fault location. Through simulating for the IEEE 13 node test feeder with different faults, including various fault resistance, loading variation and the connected distributed generation, it proves the method’s accuracy and effectiveness.
Field Test Research of Pile-Plank Structure on Zhengzhou-Xi'an High-Speed Rail
Authors: Wang Xun , Su Qian , Xiao Hong
Published: October 2011

Pile-plank structure is a new foundation under rail. It has been applied in China, because of its advantages that it can control the foundation settlement effectively and speed up the progress of construction. Zhengzhou-Xi'an high-speed rail is designed to a 350km/h high speed rail. To control the post-construction settlement, speed up construction schedule, this measure is applied in the deep collapsible loess foundation, the first time in the world. To guide the engineering design and to form a theoretical system, field test researches were conducted in appropriate working points, mainly including stress-strain test of bearing sheet and contact stress test between bearing sheet and foundation.
Study on Operation and Control on the Hulunbuir Island Grid
Authors: Yan Chang You , Jian Zhang
Published: October 2011

In this paper, the important methods is studied including frequency stability, short circuit ratio, primary frequency control ability, frequency regulation principle. The concept of “stability and control measure” is put forward and defined. The islanded operation and its influence on the northeast grid will be investigated which involves the maximal transfer power of the YiFeng AC lines and the verification of stability and control measures. The coordinating strategy between the spinning reserve and the frequency controller is proposed by studying the spinning reserve and its release, frequency controller, general frequency regulating ability. By studying the breaker, the disconnection boundary and the disconnection strategy, the operation mode can be determined. The critical flow through the breaker is put forward and defined. The islanded operation mode and stability and control strategy are studied. The fault cut time, the velocity of increasing/decreasing the DC power and the regulating step have an important influence on the islanded frequency stability. By studying integrating the islanded system into the HEILONGJIANG power grid, the connection strategy is decided. At last, the connection strategy of the local grid is determined and the overvoltage is studied in the Hulunbuir island .
Measure Characteristic of UHV Power Frequency Voltage Ratio Standard
Authors: Zhou Feng , Lei Min , Yin Xiao Dong , Zhang Shu Han
Published: October 2011

In order to meet the urgent needs of voltage measurement traceability and transfer in the construction of ultra-high voltage power grid, 1000kV series standard voltage transformer is developed as the standard instrument, and then its measurement characteristics is tested. According to the theory and construction of the series power frequency voltage ratio standard, semi-insulating transformer voltage summation is proposed to make the voltage ratio measurement of SSTV whose accuracy can reach the 0.02 level trace to the source of national power frequency ratio standard of 500kV successfully. The compatibility is better than compared to traditional voltage coefficient measuring method.
Identifying Power Equipment Partial Discharge Signals via Pulse Appearance Frequency, Duration, and Pulse Polarity
Authors: Hsieh Ju Chu , Lin Yu Hsun
Published: October 2011

At present, the contribution of partial discharge (PD) to power equipment insulation diagnosis is highly valued globally. However, most PD measurements are still performed in the laboratory, the main reason being that the effects of on-field noise suppression are still limited and unsatisfactory. To date, among noise suppression methods, wavelet de-noising is the most common. This study focuses on improving the effects of on-field noise suppression. The shape features (pulse equivalent bandwidth and pulse duration time) can be analyzed, and PD signals can consequently be discovered. This study applied the proposed method to on-field and laboratory experiments, and presents a discussion of the outcomes regarding the effects on noise suppression. This method can improve the effects of noise suppression.
Applied Research of Grey - Fuzzy Algorithm in the Fire Detection
Authors: Chen Tao , Jiang Wei
Published: October 2011

According to the characteristics of fire process, this paper does some research in fire detection, combining the gray system theory and fuzzy reasoning, and makes the simulation experiment. The simulation results show that this method has satisfied identification effects, which can effectively reduce the rate of false positives and shorten the alarm time of judging that whether there is fire and what’s the type of it.
The Particular Phenomenon of Pulsating Heat Pipe during its Operation Process
Authors: Wang Xun , Mao Xin Xin , Wang Lei , Han Tong , Yang Cheng Si
Published: October 2011

Combined with the existing research results, the heat transfer property of Pulsating Heat Pipe (PHP) was analyzed on the basis of experimental data processing in multi-operating conditions. PHP could self-repair when heat transfer was deteriorated, and the operating temperature continued to rise with the increased heating power during the operation. This study would contribute to the safe and effective operating; moreover, it could lay foundations for the fundamental investigation of PHP.
The Effects of Variable Specific Heats of Working Fluid on the Performance of Irreversible Reciprocating Brayton Cycle
Authors: Li Yan Bing , Huang Yue Wu , Yan Xiao Juan
Published: October 2011

The mathematical model for thermokinetic characteristics of an irreversible reciprocating Brayton cycle has been analyzed. The analytical formulas of the specific work and the actual cycle thermal efficiency are derived, taking the variable specific heats of working fluid and the irreversibility in the compressor and the turbine into account. The model mentioned above has carried on the numerical calculus under typical circulation performance parameters. The results show that the variable specific heat and the internal efficiency of both the compressor and the turbine have an obvious influence on the cycle performance, and the internal efficiency of both the compressor and the turbine have more remarkable influence on the cycle performance. The results obtained in this paper may provide a theoretical guide for the assessment and improvement of the performance of actual gas turbine engines.
The Design and Simulation of APFC Circuit in High Power Factor Switching Power Supply
Authors: Zheng Zheng , Chen Di Lei , Zhang Zhen Hua
Published: October 2011

For the existence of a large input current harmonic content and the problem of low power factor, we propose an idea using APFC technical to design high power factor switching power supply to deal with it, meanwhile, the design process of APFC circuit parameters of the various components is given. Finally, the design proved to be correct and feasible by the simulation with Saber.
Influence of Coil Inclined around X Axis on Thermomagnetic Convection of Air in a Porous Cubic Enclosure under Zerogravity
Authors: Jiang Chang Wei , Zhang Ming , Zhu Xian Feng
Published: October 2011

Thermomagnetic convection of air in a porous cubic enclosure with an electric coil inclined around the X axis is numerically investigated under zerogravity environment. The porous cubic enclosure is heated isothermally from left-hand side vertical wall and cooled isothermally from opposing wall while the other four walls are thermally insulated. The governing equations in primitive variables are discretized by the finite-volume method and solved by the SIMPLE algorithm. The results show that the overall heat transfer is enhanced gradually with the increase of magnetic force number and Darcy number. The resulted convection is symmetrical in terms of the inclination angle at xeuler =45 when the range of inclination angle is from 0 to 90 .
Comparative Analysis of Electric Power and Steam Loss Rate between Single Flash and Binary Geothermal Power System with Single Screw Expander
Authors: Wang Jing Fu , Zhang Yong , Wang Wei , Zhang Yong Zhi
Published: October 2011

In this paper, cycle efficiency, net electric power and steam lose rate are calculated between the single flash and binary geothermal power system. The prime mover is 10kW single screw expander. These parameters of the single flash system are calculated by rated inlet volume flow rate of the single screw expander. The heat absorption capacity of both systems is determined to be equivalent. The working fluids of binary system are R134a, R245fa, and R600a. Those parameters of binary system are calculated with the condition that the saturated temperature of the working fluid before pump is 22°C. Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software is used for analysis. The results show that electric power of the single flash system is on the rise and steam loss rate of the single flash system is on the decrease with an increase of the inlet temperature between 100°C and 155°C. From the same heat absorption capacity, the binary system has apparent improvement in electric power and efficiency. The efficiency of binary system can increase by 2.1% compared with single flash system.
Application and Analysis of Wavelet Transform and Edge Detection in Critical Heat Flux of Natural Circulation
Authors: Sheng Cheng , Zhou Tao
Published: October 2011

Based on the experimental data obtained in natural circulation experiment in narrow rectangular channel, critical heat flux (CHF) was detected and analyzed through wavelet transform, and the technology of edge detection was applied in the analysis of the photos of CHF which were taken in the experiment. Results showed that the apply of wavelet transform using of db1 wavelet and edge detection using of Canny algorithm could both distinguish the singularity of CHF in one-dimensional temperature signal and regions of dry patch that represented CHF phenomena in two-dimensional photograph accurately, which can provide a new approach in the analysis of CHF experimental research of natural circulation.
Numerical Simulation of the Heat Transfer Performance in Heat Exchanger Inserted by Disturbance Device
Authors: Ji Chang Fa , Ji Shu Min , Li Li Xia
Published: October 2011

A new heat exchange pipe—heat exchanger inserted by disturbance device has been introduced. By applying commercial software—Fluent, the heat transfer and the flow performance of the heat exchanger which is a three-dimension numerical simulation in which the medium is air have been simulated, With simulation analysis of flow field in the heat exchanger，the enhanced transfer mechanism has been got; Using the heat transfer efficiency j/f, nine different models with different bending curvature and column spacing have been analyzed. Through analyzing the impact of the heat transfer and the flow performance on different bending curvature and column spacing, the best combination is achieved. Providing a certain theoretical basis, for research and design new type of heat exchanger pipes.
Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Waste Heat Extracting Location on Temperature Distribution
Authors: Tie Zhan Xu , Li Hai Xia , Guo Xiao Dian
Published: October 2011

The numerical model was established to simulate the gas flow and heat transfer in cement grate cooler. It is useful to increase the gas temperature when the extracting exit position is close to the cement kiln end. The appropriate position of the extracting high temperature gas is about 5 m far away from the cement clinker inlet.
Study on Performance of High Low Temperature Radiator Group by a Combination Method
Authors: Liu Shui Chang , Gu Zheng Qi , Zhang Yong , Fan Zun Jin
Published: October 2011

Establishes 3d numerical simulation model of water side and air side for ribbon-tubular radiator, studies effect of air velocity on air side heat transfer capacity and drag characteristics by using CFD method, based on double side 3d simulation result, and then calculates the import and export water temperature of the high low temperature radiator group with procedure. The calculated water temperatures are coinciding with experimental data. Then analyzes the influence rule of different wave combinations to the radiator group performance by the method of simulation and procedure calculation, the result is reference theory for the structure optimization and matching of the radiator group.
A Novel Method for Analyzing the Thermodynamic System of Thermal Power Plant with Double Reheat Cycles
Authors: Ran Peng
Published: October 2011

This paper introduces a novel matrix method for calculating the efficiency of a thermal power plant unit with double reheat cycles. The structure of this matrix method has a mapping relationship with the thermodynamic system of the thermal power plant unit with double reheat cycles, and it can simplify the thermal economic analysis of the double reheat cycles units. An example is given to illustrate the validity of the method.
Study on Theoretical Design and Simulation of a Tuned Frequency Muffler
Authors: Xiang Jian Hua , Liao Ri Dong
Published: October 2011

The criterions of parameter selection for a tuned frequency muffler are proposed. The experimental results show that the radius of a cylindrical perforated tube dissipative muffler meets the criterions. Based on the conclusion, through installing the rotatable circumferential separate plates, an actuator of the tuned frequency muffler is designed to realize automatic adjustment of the radius, which is available for two kinds of working conditions of acoustic attenuation and can both attain the optimal acoustic attenuation performance. Utilizing the finite element analysis and the experiment test, variation rules of transmission loss versus the muffler’s radius is further investigated. The results show that the variable-radius method used in the tuned frequency muffler can shift the frequency band of acoustic attenuation and optimize the acoustic attenuation performance, which expands the application fields of mufflers and has a great engineering value.
Experimental Research on the Performance of High-Speed Diesel Engine Fuelled with Emulsified Fuel Blend of HFO & Light Diesel
Authors: Feng Li Yan , Du Bao Guo , Wang Xue Long , Long Wu Qiang , Jin Xin
Published: October 2011

Using Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) is a practical measure to reduce running cost of high-speed diesel engines. Extending application of HFO would be great helpful to mitigate nation wide energy shortage problem. The authors attempted a set of experiments with a view to demonstrating the performance of a high-speed diesel engine fuelled with fuel blend of HFO and Light diesel (HFO-L) and water emulsified HFO-L. A number of experiments on test bench were carried out to check power performance, fuel economy and combustion performance of the engine. The results indicate that it is practicable to use HFO-L fuel blend on high-speed diesel engine without many additional modifications on engine structure. Compared with HFO-L, water emulsified HFO-L has better combustion performance, and thus better fuel economy as well as low harmful emissions. In addition, compared with using light diesel fuel, when using emulsified HFO-L blend, the engine can be operated with the same power performance, but with higher the brake specific fuel consumption. Whereas, considering much lower price of heavy fuel oil, the fuel economy is greatly improved.
3D Geometry Modeling for the Entire Flow Passage of Francis Turbine with Long and Short Blades Based on Pro/E
Authors: Zhang Xiao Xu , Zhang Si Qing , Zhang Li Xiang
Published: October 2011

Based on the good function for 3D modeling of Pro/E software, 3D geometry modeling for the entire flow passage of HLA351 which is the Francis turbine with long and short blades was realized by means of a series of methods of drawing from inside to outside, drawing from top to bottom, drawing lines from points, drawing surfaces from lines, and finally getting body from surfaces, so as to provide a reliable foundation for the future CFD calculation and performance prediction.
Improving the Efficiency of a Hydro-Turbine System by Vortex Generators
Authors: Pan Hua Chen , Hong Shu Li
Published: October 2011

This paper studies the effect of vortex generators on hydro-turbine working performances. The study was carried out on a hydro-turbine system provided by Waterpumps Oy, Finland. First, the performance of the hydro-turbine system was analyzed with a CFD solver under different working conditions. Then, the hydro-turbine performance was examined with several vortex generators installed uniformly on the inside wall of the draft tube near its inlet. The turbine system’s efficiencies were compared for cases with and without vortex generators. Results show that turbine performs better when there are vortex generators installed in the draft tube of which the pressure recovery factor is much higher.
The Effects of Biological Agents on Survival, Biomass and Foliar Nutrient Concentrations of Mongolian Pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) Seedlings Planted on Keerqin Sandy Lands, China
Authors: Cai Tian Ge , Tang Feng De
Published: October 2011

Abstract: The experiments were conducted by planting in the field of 2 year-old Mongolian Pine (Pinus sylvstris var. mongolica) seedlings processed with Pt mycorrhizal agents, ABT rooting powder, HRC water-absorbing agent and GRR plant development and growth regulator. The results were as follows: (1) Pt3 and ABT had significantly increased survival rates of seedlings, which were 29.3%, 23.6% and 9.4% higher than that of controlled seedlings, respectively.; (2) Pt3 and ABT had enhanced the growth of the fine root(<2mm), which were 34.72 and 15.18 cm longer than that of controlled seedlings; the regression analysis had showed that fine roots quantity was positively related to seedling survival rate; (3) The growth indexes of the average individuals with Pt3, ABT and HRC were higher than those of untreated seedlings; (4) Pt3 and ABT also effectively promoted the absorption of main nutrients such as N, P, and K in the needle of seedling.
The Measured Analysis of Residential Kitchen Pressure Changed Exhaust Pipe System Characteristics
Authors: Wang Yue Ren , Zhao Jiu Xu
Published: October 2011

in order to study and analysis on pressure distribution of pipeline system under the conditions of different power, to obtain the mutual influence degree between users. Through multi-storey residential pressure change exhaust system measured under the condition of three pressure changed board, the experimental results are compared and analyzed. The result of this paper obtains pressure of the mains and branch and branch speeds in different conditions. In six floors of 400 * 250 pressure changed type exhaust pipe system, no matter exhaust fan’s volume is high-end or low-end in any conditions can satisfy the exhaust requirements. Pipe internal pressure showed low - high – low.
Thermoeconomic Optimization of a Seawater Source Heat Pump System for Residential Buildings
Authors: Shi Zhi Gang , Li Zhuo
Published: October 2011

A seawater source heat pump (SWHP) system offer an attractive option for heating and cooling residential and commercial buildings owing to their higher energy efficiency compared with conventional systems. A thermoeconomic model was developed for analysis and optimization of SWHP with residential building. The thermodynamic and thermoeconomic optimum result for SWHP in the Qingdao, china, weather conditions were obtained using MATLAB optimization toolbox. The thermoeconomic optimization results show exergy loss and EER increasing by 22.7% and 13.9% respectively, but annual production costs reduce by 29.1%.
Based on the BP Neural Network-PID Series Control Boiler Main-Steam Temperature System Research
Authors: Zhu Wen , Sun Jian Ping
Published: October 2011

Due to the boiler main-steam temperature system exists more serious characteristics,such as much capacitive,nonlinear,time-varying and lag, so adopt cascade control strategy. This paper design a control algorithm which is based on BP neural network, it can accelerate the regulating time, and combined with the conventional PID controller, constitute the BP neural network - PID cascade control strategy. This control strategy not only contain the BP neural network control in real time system strong anti-interference ability characteristic, but also fully utilize the PID controller response speed characteristic. The simulation results show that based on the BP neural network - PID series control boiler main-steam temperature system can achieve satisfactory control effect.
Efficient Removal of Cu 2+ with Environmentally Friendly Cellulosic Resin
Authors: Zhao Bao Xiu , Wei Yuan , Zheng Li Na , Shu Jie , Yang Fan
Published: October 2011

Because of the environmental danger of heavy metal ions, how to safely and efficiently remove them has became a research hot point. Compared with common methods, adsorption is a better treatment for heavy metal ions. In this paper, Cu 2+ was removed from aqueous solution by a kind of environmentally friendly cellulosic adsorption resin and adsorption performance was investigated. The effects of factors, such as adsorbent dosage and solution pH, on adsorption were investigated. Experimental results displayed that adsorption performed well in neutral solution, and removal was about 94% when used dosage of resin was 0.6 g/L and initial concentration of Cu 2+ was 25 mg/L. Cellulosic resin owned powerful adsorption capability for other heavy metal ions, also. Adsorption behavior abided by Langmuir adsorption isothermal model, and maximum adsorption capability and equilibrium constant was 71.43 mg/g and 1.22 L/g, respectively. Resin could be regenerated by 8% ammonia and regeneration ratio was 74% after 2.5 h.
Analyzing on Comprehensive Treatment Measures and Origin of Qianjiangping Landslide in Three Gorges Reservoir Area
Authors: Yu Shun Hui , He Li Ping , Qi Jun Sheng
Published: October 2011

Qianjiangping landslide, which occurred in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, is one of the serious landslide disasters in this area after impounding. Based on site investigation, and investigation of the related reference materials and analyzing the origin caused this disaster we think the special geological and geomorphic conditions and concentrated rainfall are the main factors. Some suggestions on engineering treatment technology, the measures of nature restoring vegetation and ecology restoring vegetation, which are useful to the landslide treatment of analogous project, are put forward---That is, for happened landslide and potential dangerous areas it is necessary to do hill’s drainage and slope protection; the method for natural restoration vegetation is to close the mountains for natural afforestation to reduce the human interference; and the way for ecological restoration vegetation is to restore and rehabilitate Eco-economic vegetation.
The Experimental Study of Rural Domestic Sewage Treated with the Mixture of Diatomite and Coagulant
Authors: Li Chao , Zhang Xiao Yan , Liu Jun Liang , Ding Ding
Published: October 2011

In this study, we treat rural domestic sewage with the mixture of diatomite and three kinds of coagulant. The result shows that with three mixtures, CODcr removal rate can be above 40%, and above 35% that of ammonia nitrogen. Compared with diatomite alone, the treatment effect has been significantly improved. We can come to a conclusion by the orthogonal experiment that the influencing factors on the effect of coagulant have following order: pH> dosage >stirring time, which means Ph plays an important role on the effect of coagulant.
Influence of AMF on Oat Used to Phytoremediation in Petroleum Contaminated Soil
Authors: Guo Chang Hong , Dong Rui , Guan Peng , Xun Fei Fei
Published: October 2011

Petroleum, one of the main energy resources, plays an important role in the progress of human culture. With the development of petroleum industry, soil contamination by petroleum products has become a worldwide environment problem. This study investigated the effects of inoculation using microorganism, identified as an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), Glomus intraradices on oat under petroleum stress using a pot experiment in greenhouse. The concentration of petroleum in the tested soils was 5000mg/kg. The results showed that the degradation rate of the total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) of the inoculation treatments was significantly higher than the non-inoculation group. By detection the index of plant growth and physiology, such as soluble protein and MDA, the results showed that all the inoculation treatments increased plant tolerance to the TPHs stress and which could promote the phytoremediation.
Diversity of Fungi and Actinomycetes in Soil of Enclosed and Grazing Wetland on Inner Mongolian Plateau
Authors: Zhao Ji , Shao Yu Qin , Zhao Zi Long , Liu Fang , Zhou Hui , Li Zheng Min
Published: October 2011

Soil fungi and actinomycetes, in floodplain wetland on Inner Mongolian Plateau were measured through Spread-Plate-Technique; the divergent characteristics of these two floras at floodplain wetland and typical steppe were analyzed; and several indicators of soil filamentous microbes, for example, diversity, richness, evenness, and dominance, were calculated. For fungi, there is significant difference between enclosed and grazing regions for diversity and richness; and there is significant difference between bump-top in enclosed regions (WT) and bump-top in grazing regions (WJ) for evenness; there is significant difference between in-between-bumps in enclosed regions (FT) and in-between-bumps in grazing regions (FJ) for dominance. For actinomycetes, there is significant difference between in-between-bumps in grazing regions and bump-top in grazing regions for diversity and evenness; and there is significant difference between bump-top and in-between-bumps in enclosed regions , bump-top in grazing regions and in-between-bumps in grazing regions for richness. The dominant groups are Mucor, Penicilliu floodplain wetland. But the dominant groups have changed in enclosed and grazing regions. The results have demonstrated a better understanding toward the development and succession mechanisms of floodplain wetland to provide the basis for protection and rational utilizations of floodplain wetland.
Distribution Characteristic and Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution around Baotou Tailings in Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Zhao Ren Xin , Guo Wei , Sun Wen Hui , Xue Shi Lei , Gao Bo , Sun Wen
Published: October 2011

The pollution status and total concentration of soil heavy metals were analyzed around Baotou tailing reservoir located in Inner Mongolia grassland and desert transition zone. Aim of the study is to control soil heavy metal pollution of Baotou tailings and provide the basic data information. The results indicated that concentrations of Pb, Zn and Mn from different directions of the tailing reservoir changed significantly with distance and were higher than the background values of Inner Mongolia. According to the single factor pollution index, soils from different directions were contaminated by Pb, Cu, Zn and Mn. The pollution degree was in order: Mn > Pb > Zn > Cu> Cr > Ni > As. According to Nemerow’s synthetical pollution index, soils collected from the southeast of the tailing reservoir had the most serious heavy metal contamination, the index was 11.1. The order of pollution level in different directions was southeast > northeast > southwest > northwest, which was mainly affected by the dominant wind of northwest. In general, the pollution characteristic and the elements of heavy metal contamination were corresponding with the concentrations of iron tailings. The health and stabilization of environmental quality are being threatened by soil heavy metals.
RS & GIS-Based Spatialtemporal Analysis of Ecological Footprint and Biocapacity Pattern of Jinghe River Watershed in China: Does Supply Meet Demand?
Authors: Yue Dong Xia , Ma Jin Hui , Guo Jian Jun , Zhang Jia Jing , Du Jun , Song Ya Jie , Hui Cang
Published: October 2011

The Ecological Footprint methodology is a framework that tracks Ecological Footprint (humanity’s demands on the biosphere) by comparing human demand against the regenerative capacity (Biocapacity) of the planet (WWF, 2010) to advance the science of sustainability. As such, the spatiotemporal dynamics of the Ecological Footprint (EF) and Biocapacity (BC) in a given watershed are important topics in the field of sustainability research based on remote sensing (RS) data and geographic information system (GIS) techniques．This paper reports on a case study of the Jinghe River Watershed using improved EF methodology with the help of GIS and high resolution remote sensing data, to quantitatively estimate the relationship between EF demand and BC supply and analyze their spatial distribution patterns at multiple spatial scales for four periods (1986, 1995, 2000 and 2008). We predict the future BC both overall, and of six categories of biological productivity area for the next four decades using the Markov Chain Method．The results showed that the spatial distribution of EF demand and BC supply were significantly uneven in the region, in which the per-capita EF of all counties located in the watershed increased continually from 1986 to 2008, and the EF per person of counties in the middle and lower reaches area was markedly greater than that in the upper reaches over time. On the supply side, the per-capita BC of all counties decreased gradually from 1986 to 2008, and the per-capita BC of counties in the upper reaches area was greater than that in the middle and lower reaches during the period, causing the uneven spatial distribution of Ecological budget-the gap between supply and demand, showed that the Jinghe River Watershed on the whole has begun to be unsustainable since 2008, with each county exhibiting differential temporal patterns. The prediction results showed that the total BC will increase continually from 2020 to 2050, and the BC of six categories will reduce, indicating that unsustainability in the region will escalate. As a whole, The EF demand has exceeded the BC supply, and the gap was widening in the Jinghe Watershed. This paper provided an in-depth portrait of the spatiotemporal dynamics of EF and BC, as well as their interactions with humanity and ecosystems.
Study on the Photocatalytic Degradation of Wastewater under the Optimal Preparation of the Activated Carbon Supported TiO2 Thin Film
Authors: Yao Kuo Shan , Hsu Jen Jung , Chang Chen Yu
Published: October 2011

Textile industries usually discharge colored effluents containing various dyes. These dyes usually contain more than one aromatic structure and they are not only difficult to be degraded biologically but also toxic. UV/semiconductor procedure, with advantages including photostability, non-toxicity, affordable price, and insolubility in water, has been studied and used. This aim of this study is to develop photocatalytic reactor with higher removal efficiency. The TiO2 thin film was prepared by Sol-Gel method and coated on the surface of activated carbon to enhance the reaction opportunity and increase pollutants removal efficiency. Taguchi method was used to optimize preparing conditions. The results indicated that the best TiO2 photocatalytic activity can be found when tetraisopropyl orthotitanate, isopropyl alcohol and acetic acid were mixed in the molar ratio of 1：2：8 under the calcination temperature of 500°C for 90 minutes. Further analysis of TiO2 thin film by SEM, ESCA and XRD, the results showed that grain size of TiO2 was about 17 nm and crystal structure mainly was anatase. The photocatalytic reaction rate increased 15~20% when the ratio of PAC in catalyst increased > 4%. The results suggested that recovery of the composited catalyst become easy because its volume and subsiding increased.
Low Carbon Strategies for Industry Energy Plan of Heilongjiang Province
Authors: Guo Hai Bo , Zhu Ying , Wang Zheng
Published: October 2011

Heilongjiang Province, whose pillar industries are made up of petroleum and coal exploitation, chemicals fabrication and mechanical devices manufacture, is one of the most important industrial bases in China. The leading enterprises from the three pillar industries make up the 59.2% of the total quantity and contribute the 57.3% of the total GDP in Heilongjiang Province. But as a matter of fact, according to the latest statistics, unit GDP carbon emissions of these three industrials are as high as 4. They are the typical industries whose characteristics are high energy consumed and intense carbon emission. As a result, adopting new energy and switching the developmental pattern to a low carbon model are a crucial step in Heilongjiang Province. The authors study this research by the methods of calculating the relevant datum and comparative analysis, and put forward three low carbon energy strategies: making full use of the bio-energy with the leading representatives of Ethanol Alcohol Gasoline and Dimethyl Ether (DEM); increasing investment on wind power project, and utilizing the potential water resources. With the operation of these strategies, we can reduce the carbon emissions and lead the industry to a green and sustainable way.
ITSP Optimization Model for Irrigation Water Management in Yongxin County
Authors: Li Xiao Yan , Huang Guo He , Lu Hong Wei , Shi Bin
Published: October 2011

In this study, an integrated agricultural water management system based on interval mixed two-stage stochastic programming (ITSP) has been applied to the long-term planning of water management activities in Yongxin County, Jiangxi Province, China. A conjunctive use of water system is structured for characterizing the developed model. The model can effectively reflect dynamic, interactive, and uncertain characteristics of the water management system in the area. Solutions of the model provide optimal water allocation patterns for decision makers. The results are helpful to address the conflicts existing between the water resources and socio-economic development.