bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The State of Faculty Involvement in Governance in the United States
Authors: Miller Michael T.
Published: May 2020

The purpose of the study was to profile the state of faculty governance in US higher education. The survey was based the National Data Base on Faculty Involvement in Governance. Using a similar protocol, the study used survey research with a sample of research university faculty senate presidents. Results include a growing use of non-tenure track faculty and faculty with little senate experience being elected to lead senates. The presidents indicated that the skills most necessary to them are problem analysis, judgement, sensitivity, and oral/written communication skills. They perceived their primary task as developing a sense of direction for the senate, and the most critical issue they face is one of determining institutional priorities. The study was limited to only one type of institution (research-centered) in one country (the United States), and with a 38% response rate to the survey. A growing number of non-tenure track faculty have been identified as leading senates and that there is a group of ‘fast-track’ senators with limited experience being elected into leadership positions. This means that there may be significant changes in how shared governance is being socially constructed. The study re-establishes the annual survey of faculty senate leaders, and longitudinal data will be critical in determining the future of faculty senates. Findings have immediacy in helping senate presidents and administrators understand the changing role of senates, how they see themselves, and what they value.
General Synod of 1957 and the Creation of the Modern Moravian Unity
Authors: Atwood Craig D.
Published: May 2020

The first Moravian General Synod to be held outside of Europe met in Bethlehem, PA, in 1957, and it was historic in many ways. It was the first synod in nearly two centuries to have a woman delegate and the first synod held in English instead of German. The synod made some of the most profound changes in the structure and doctrine of the Moravian Church since the days of Zinzendorf. Former mission fields, like South Africa West and Jamaica, were made self-dependent provinces of the new Unity. Synod adopted a new structure of self-governing provinces loosely joined in the Unity, which was similar to the British Commonwealth of Nations. And the church adopted a new doctrinal statement called the Ground of the Unity. This article places the 1957 in its historical context and examines how the Moravians adapted to the end of European colonialism by adopting a new understanding of its mission to the world.
The Making of Eldridge Cleaver: The Nation of Islam, Prison Life, and the Rise of a Black Power Icon
Authors: Colley Zoe A.
Published: May 2020

This article explores the early life of Eldridge Cleaver and his rise to prominence within the Black Panther Party. It argues that historians have largely overlooked the importance of Cleaver’s radicalization while incarcerated inside California’s penitentiaries between 1954 and 1966; this experience deeply influenced his rise to prominence as a leading figure in the Black Panther Party following his parole. The article details his earliest contacts with politically active inmates during the mid-1950s, who introduced Cleaver to radical political literature. He subsequently joined the Nation of Islam (NOI) temple within San Quentin penitentiary and rose through the ranks to become the temple’s minister. Through the use of Cleaver’s papers, held by the Bancroft Library at the University of California Berkeley, this article contributes to the existing historiography on Cleaver in three ways. First, it connects Cleaver’s membership in the NOI with the growing politicization of incarcerated African Americans during the late 1950s and early 1960s. Second, it highlights the NOI’s success in recruiting prisoners and the brutal repression that was inflicted on members of the Nation of Islam by prison staff. Third, it argues that Cleaver’s experience of fighting prison racism was crucial in shaping his identity as a Black nationalist and continued to influence his position in the Black Panther Party after his release.
Depriving the Debtor’s Essential Obligation of its Substance and its Remedies under the Provisions of Article 1170 of the French Civil Code
Authors: Shandi Yousef Mohammad , Amayreh Osama Ismail Mohammad
Published: May 2020

In 1994 and thereafter, the French judiciary set a trend by utilizing the causation theory to revoke the exemption clauses of liability that constitute a violation of the contract’s essential obligations. This utilization was intended to restore economic equilibrium to the contract, in order to achieve the benefit each party seeks from concluding a contract. However, in 2016, the new amendments of the French civil code -which were issued by decree no: 131-2016- abolished the causation theory in general. Nevertheless, they retained the previous French judicial trend based on causation theory, where Article 1170 of the new amendments states clearly “any contract term which deprives a debtor’s essential obligation of its substance is deemed not written”. However, Article 1170 of the new amendments did not specify what is meant by an essential obligation? When does the contract’s term result in depriving the debtor’s essential obligation of its substance? Moreover, Article 1170 consolidates an individual penalty which may cause many legal problems. These problems are: the matter concerns an essential clause in the contract and not a secondary one, the other clauses of the contract remain valid as they have been, without any modifications or replacements and, in some cases, abolishing the clause itself might lead to further imbalance in the contract. Therefore, the legal provisions of Article 1170 should be analyzed in an analytical approach along with the previous French judicial trend with respect to these provisions. As a result, the research illustrates the urgent need to amend Article 1170 of the new amendments, in order to contribute to the stability of the economic contractual equilibrium.
The Application of the Constitutional Convention in Malaysia
Authors: Muslim Nazri , Rasip Osman Md , Mohammad Jodi Khairul Hamimah , Ibrahim Abdullah , Rosadi Otong
Published: May 2020

In Malaysia, there is no one institution that can outdo the supremacy of the Federal Constitution. Even the three government bodies that refer to the power separation doctrine which is the legislative, judiciary and executive bodies even the Yang di-Pertuan Agong are under this Federal Constitution. The constitution can be divided into two, written and non-written constitution. The written constitution is the form of constitution that is gathered and arranged in one document. The non-written counterpart encompasses all of the constitutional principles not compiled in one document such as the law endorsed by the Parliament and the verdicts of the court such as in the United Kingdom. Other than the constitution, there are certain practices that are thought to be part of the principles of the constitution. This is known as the Constitutional Convention or the customary practice of the Constitution. Constitutional convention is a non-legislative practice and it is similar to the political ethics and not enforced in court. Although it seems trivial, it is important for this practice to be complied with, otherwise it is difficult for the constitution to work successfully as the constitutional convention cannot be brought to court and forced to be obeyed. Thus, the discussion of this article rests on the constitutional convention in terms of the social contract, the appointment of the Prime Minister, the appointment of the country’s main positions and collective responsibility.
Peace to Prosperity Plan as a one State Solution
Authors: Kilani Ahmad , Alawieh Mohammad Ali , E. V. Mussaui-Ulianishcheva , L. V. Ulyanishcheva
Published: May 2020

After almost twenty-five years since the Oslo accords, the last relatively successful peace agreement between the Palestinians and the Israelis, Trump’s plan is the newest attempt to achieve sustainable long-lasting peace in the Middle East between the two conflicting parties. This paper argues that the P&P plan is designed to a one-state solution. Through a comparison between the Oslo Accords and the P&P plan we can observe the shift from the two state notions to the one state concept with a system of apartheid. The article also attempts to suggest improvements on the plan to be more suitable for both parties under a one state solution, namely, to include a new constitution.
Human Use-Pressure and Sustainable Wildlife Management in Burkina Faso: A Case Study of Bushmeat Hunting in Bobo-Dioulasso
Authors: Montcho Marthe , Ilboudo Jean-Baptiste , Dayou Ephreme Dossavi , Bougouma-Yameogo Valerie , Djagoun Chabi Adeyemi Sylvestre , Babatounde Severin , Mensah Guy Apollinaire
Published: May 2020

Hunting is an important activity for the survival of local communities. However, unregulated hunting threatens the sustainability of wildlife and subsequently affects the same populations. This study investigated bushmeat hunting practices and their implications in wildlife sustainable management in Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina-Faso). A total of 226 hunters were interviewed, using a random sampling technique and a semi-structured questionnaire. It revealed four groups of hunters. Group 1 (32.57% of the sample) was young and commercial hunters from Bobo ethnic group with 42.15±6.01 as average age. Hunting is their main activity and they hunt all year round in groups using direct catch and hunting dogs. Group 2 (19.76%) prefers to hunt in the daytime and their products serve for diseases treatments through traditional medicine. Group 3 (29.06%) consists of the Mossi ethnic group with an average age of 58.92±3.69. They belong to the confederation of hunters called "Dozo". They are farmers with hunting as the secondary activity. They hunt at night with headlamps. Group 4 (18.60%), mainly Mossi with an average age of 63.06±7.19, hunts occasionally and respects the accredited hunting periods. The animals at the risk and most commonly used as bushmeat are Francolin, Porcupine, Cape hare, Buffalo, Nile monitor, Python, and Parrot. The locally threatened animals are respectively Ostrich, Roan antelope, Bat, Crocodile, and Striped hyena. Other animals are endangered and becoming increasingly rare (Lion, Elephant, Hippopotamus, and Warthog). Actions need to be taken by decision-makers and involve local communities for the sustainable management of wildlife in Bobo-Dioulasso.
Sustainability and Large-Scale Events: The Case of the Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy and the Application of Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Gerio Chiara Di , Fiorani Gloria , Paciullo Giuseppe
Published: May 2020

Large-scale events, which are characterised by a dynamic complexity involving different national public administrations and institutional levels, require special attention in order to select adequate event management systems. Consequently, the analysis of a best practice event may be useful to identify the main variables, in terms of sustainable strategic planning, execution and control –required to achieve the greatest level of efficiency with regard to cost optimisation and quality of service delivery– along with exhorting the public sector to seek a structural renovation that makes better use of its available resources and fosters global sustainable growth. From this perspective, one such relevant experience has been the Italian case of the 2016 Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy, coordinated by the Prefect of Rome. Indeed, the latter decided to adopt actions consistent with sustainability standards due to an inter-institutional network design and the engagement of institutions at different levels. Within a very short period, the Prefect of Rome achieved three main results: the coordination of the activities of the working groups, the integration of internal and external surveillance and communication systems, and collaboration with higher education institutions to acquire and disseminate knowledge. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to describe and analyse this best practice event organised and managed by the Italian public administration with reference to the achievement of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To systemise and combine the outcomes of these processes, as well as to evaluate whether they were consistent with sustainable development, the systems thinking technique was used. This paper explores the concept of sustainable development and focuses on its traditional social, environmental and economic pillars within the context of planned events such as the 2016 Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy.
Scott, Mark; Gallent, Nick i Gkartzios, Menelaos (ed.) (2019). The Routledge Companion to Rural Planning
Authors: Paül Valerià
Published: May 2020

Scott, Mark; Gallent, Nick i Gkartzios, Menelaos (ed.) (2019)The Routledge Companion to Rural PlanningLondres / Nova York: Routledge, 670 p.ISBN 978-1-138-10405-1
Universitetsskolen – et bud på en didaktisk orienteret forskningsbasering af læreruddannelsen
Authors: Carlsen Dorthe , Von Oettingen Alexander
Published: May 2020

I disse år er både i Danmark og internationalt fokus på, hvordan læreruddannelsen på den ene side kan blive mere forskningsbaseret og på den anden side forbindes tættere til praksis. Dette fokus bygger på en forestilling om, at forskningen yder et vigtigt bidrag til uddannelsen af kommende folkeskolelærere, men også at denne forskning skal være koblet stærkt til praksis, og at den skal kunne formidles til både skolens praksis og uddannelsen. Med andre ord ekspliciteres en bestemt forestilling om, hvad forskning er og skal. I artiklen udfordres denne grundlæggende forståelse af, hvad forskning i en læreruddannelseskontekst er og skal være, og der peges på et transformatorisk forskningsbegreb der skelner mellem teori, empiri og praksis. Gennem erfaringer fra forsknings- og skoleudviklingsarbejde i Universitetsskolen vises hvordan studerende, lærere og læreruddannere gennem refleksive og transformative processer mellem teori, empiri og praksis får en mere nuanceret forståelse for skolens og uddannelsens praksis.

Nøgleord: læreruddannelse, praksissamarbejde, forskningsbasering, forskningsbegreb, teori–praksis

“The University School” – a suggestion of a more didactically oriented concept of research

AbstractIn Denmark as well as internationally, there is increasing focus on how teacher education can become on the one hand more research-based, and on the other, more closely linked to practice. This is based on the notion that research provides an important contribution to the education of future primary school teachers, while such research must be strongly linked to practice and at the same time communicable to the school, both in practice and for educational purposes. In other words, a certain idea of what research is, and which purpose it holds, is explicated. In this article, the basic understanding of the role and purpose of research in the context of teacher education is challenged, and a transformatory concept of research is outlined – one that distinguishes between theory, empirical data, and practice. Through experience from research and developmental work in the schools participating in “The University School”, students, teachers, and teacher educators are shown ways to develop a more nuanced understanding of school practices and education through reflexive and transformative processes between theory, empirical data and practice.

Keywords: teacher education, practice collaboration, research-based, concept of research, theory–practice
Forberedelse til lærerprofesjonen – partnerskap og relevans i lærerutdanningen
Authors: Sandvik Lise Vikan , Emstad Anne Berit , Fougt Simon Skov
Published: May 2020

Forord.
Intervju: Bernt Brendemoen
Authors: Parslow Joakim , Wigen Einar
Published: May 2020

I januar 2019 gikk professor i turkologi Bernt Brendemoen av med pensjon etter en lang karriere ved Universitetet i Oslo. I anledning overgang til emeritus-tilværelsen har to av Brendemoens tidligere studenter, Joakim Parslow og Einar Wigen, intervjuet ham om hans karriere.
Texture, Colour and Surface Appearance of the Cividale Stuccoes
Authors: Kiilerich Bente
Published: May 2020

The article discusses the material and aesthetic qualities of the female stucco saints in the Tempietto Longobardo at Cividale del Friuli (c. AD 750). The stuccoes combine two artistic and technical traditions: marble statuary of antique derivation and figural stucco relief. The surface texture of stucco differs considerably from that of marble: while marble is shiny, stucco tends to be dull. Since colours enhanced the visual impact of the saintly figures in the Tempietto, the polychromy – of which only very faint traces remain – was probably the most important aspect of the sculpture. It is a matter of speculation whether the viewer would have perceived any physical difference in surface appearance between the painted stucco and painted stone when seen from a distance. In order to gain an idea of the aesthetic impact of the reliefs when painted and perhaps gilded, the article presents hypothetical reconstructions of colour based on the wall paintings preserved in the Tempietto.
Setting the Stage, Framing the Picture; the Gilding and Polychromy of Late Medieval Altarpiece Structures in the North
Authors: Kausland Kristin
Published: May 2020

The gilding and polychromy of the structural parts of altarpieces have largely been overlooked in art historical studies. However, these specific designs were important elements in the framing of the sculptural and painted content of the altarpiece complex. This article provides a detailed art technological overview of the gilding and polychromy of the supporting elements of the whole corpus of Northern German altarpieces in Norway. It highlights the medieval craftsman’s use of sophisticated materials and techniques, and proves that, in addition to being secondary props, the shrine decorations bore important meanings in their own right, containing intrinsic material and aesthetical values. Furthermore, the study found both change and continuity in the specific craftmanship throughout the late medieval period. Changes in the layering and three-dimensional effects have been especially useful tools in the correction of previously assumed dates of origin of several of the altarpieces. It is hoped that the results presented in this study, together with a new perspective, encourages further close analyses of the ‘backdrop’ of medieval altarpieces in future studies.
MAGNETICALLY RECOVERABLE POLYMER CATALYST FOR CELLULOSE HYDROGENOLYSIS
Authors: Manaenkov Oleg V. , Kislitsa Olga V. , Ratkevich Ekaterina A. , Sulman Mikhail G.
Published: May 2020

A new type of Ru-containing magnetically recoverable catalyst based on a polymer matrix of hypercrosslinked polystyrene (HPS) for the reaction of the hydrogenolysis of microcrystalline cellulose to ethylene and propylene glycol (EG and PG) is proposed. The catalyst is synthesized sequentially in two stages. At the first stage, by means of thermal decomposition of iron (III) salts in the presence of polyols, magnetite particles (Fe3O4) are formed in the pores of the HPS. At the second stage, Ru-containing nanoparticles of the active phase of the catalyst are synthesized on the surface of Fe3O4/HPS. Samples of the original HPS, Fe3O4/HPS and Ru-Fe3O4/HPS were characterized using various physicochemical methods. In particular, it was shown that the synthesized samples of catalysts have a high specific surface area (450 - 750 m2/g, depending on the magnetite content), retain the micro-mesoporous nature of the original polymer, and have a high saturation magnetization (4.0 ± 0.5 emu /g), which makes them easy to separate from the reaction mass by an external magnetic field. According to the results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the average diameter of the nanoparticles of the active phase Ru was 2.0 ± 0.5 nm. The hydrogenolysis of cellulose to glycols was carried out under the following conditions: 255 °C; 60 bar H2; 55 min; 0.3 g of cellulose; 0.07 g of catalyst 3% Ru-Fe3O4/HPS; 30 ml of H2O; 0.07 g of Ca(OH)2. Under these conditions, the selectivities for EG and PG were 22.6 % and 20.0 %, respectively. The degree of cellulose conversion reaches 100 %. The catalyst showed good stability under hydrothermal reaction conditions, is easily separated from the reaction mass by an external magnetic field, and can be used in the processes of cellulose-containing biomass conversion.
ANTIOXIDANT AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF A SERIES OF O- AND S-CONTAINING MACROCYCLES
Authors: Raskil’dina Gul’nara Z. , Sakhabutdinova Gulnur N. , Zlotsky Semyon S. , Sultanova Rimma M. , Meshcheryakova Svetlana A. , Shumadalova Alina V. , Bortsova Yulia L. , Kuzmina Ulyana Sh.
Published: May 2020

The significant interest in the search and study of antioxidants, both natural and synthetic, is explained by the possibility of preventing these harmful effects of free radicals in the human body. The similarity of macroheterocyclic derivatives to endogenous biomolecules makes them promising for research as antioxidant agents. By the interaction of 1,3-oxoheterocycloalkanes with ethyl 2-diazo-3-oxobutanoate, previously unexplored polyfunctional oxygen and sulfur-containing macroheterocycles are obtained. The relative antioxidant activity of new macroheterocycles in two model systems: generating active forms of oxygen and modulating lipid peroxidation reaction, was revealed active forms of oxygen and described by the method of recording luminol-dependent chemiluminescence lipid peroxidation reaction. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of the studied compounds was studied on Jurkat (human T-lymphoblastic leukemia cells), HepG2 (human liver carcinoma cells), HEK293 (human embryonic kidney cells) cell lines. The data obtained indicate practical significance. So, reagents 1-7 in the active forms of oxygen generating system have anti- and prooxidative properties, and in the system modeling lipid peroxidation reaction, they show only prooxidant activity. The influence of heterocycles 1–7 on the processes of free radical oxidation was determined by the intensity of the maximum flash (Imax, у.е.) and the luminosity of light (S, у.е.). Compounds with maximum anti- (4) and prooxidative (6) properties in the active forms of oxygen generating system and reagent 3 with the highest prooxidant activity in the lipid peroxidation reaction modeling system do not possess cytotoxic activity in vitro on cell lines HEK293 and HepG2 cultured in DMEM medium (Biolot, Russia), Jurkat in RPMI medium (Biolot, Russia) in the presence of 10% fetal calf serum (Invitrogen, USA), 2 mM L-glutamine and 50 μg / ml gentamicin sulfate.
CONSTANTS OF ELECTROLYTIC DISSOCIATION OF THE LITHIUM, SODIUM AND POTASSIUM SULFATES IN AQUEOUS ISOPROPANOL SOLUTIONS
Authors: Borisov Ivan M. , Nabiev Azamdzhon A.
Published: May 2020

At introduction of isopropyl alcohol in saturated aqueous solutions of sulfates of lithium, sodium and potassium at 25 °C physico-chemical properties of the studied systems Li2SO4-H2O-C3H7OH, Na2SO4-H2O-C3H7OH and K2SO4-H2O-C3H7OH are changed. This reduces the density of solutions and salt content in aqueous isopropanol solutions due to a decrease in solubility of salts. It is shown that the variation of the volume content of alcohol from 0% to 90% results in the decrease of Li2SO4 solubility 1280 times, Na2SO4 – 548 times, K2SO4 – in 278 times. Alcohol additives also affect the degree of electrolytic dissociation of salt in aqueous isopropanol solutions. To study the electrochemical properties of salts we used conductometric method based on the measurement of the molar conductivity of solutions depending on salt concentration. In aqueous solutions, alkali metal sulfates exhibit the properties of strong electrolytes and almost completely dissociate into ions. When the volume content of isopropanol in the solution is more than 30%, alkali metal sulfates begin to show the properties of weak electrolytes, as evidenced by the correlation of the molar conductivity of the diluted solution with the salt concentration under the equation describing the state of weak electrolytes. From the transformations of experimental data in the coordinates of this equation, the values of the electrolytic dissociation constants of the studied salts were determined, which vary (8.30 ± 0.01)·10-5 to (4,35 ± 0,01)·10-8 (mol/l)2 when varying the alcohol content from 30 to 90% volume. It is shown that isopropanol additives reduce the constant (and hence the degree) of electrolytic dissociation of alkali metal sulfates: the higher the alcohol concentration in the solution, the weaker the salt becomes as an electrolyte. The value of the electrolytic dissociation constant depends on the nature of the salt: with an increase in the size of the sulfate cation, the electrolytic dissociation constant decreases.
ON CALCULATION OF DRYING KINETICS OF THERMOLABILE LIQUID DISPERSED PRODUCTS ON SUBSTRATES
Authors: Pakhomov Andrey N. , Gatapova Natalia Ts. , Orlova Natalia V. , Pakhomova Yulia V.
Published: May 2020

For the drying process of a liquid dispersed product layer on a horizontal substrate, a model for the formation of a solid phase particle residue is proposed. The model is based on the construction of a fractal cluster on a bounded spatial lattice according to given rules. The model is constructed on the basis of ideas about the mechanism of interaction of particles during the existence of a layer of free liquid in the drying product. The fractal model, which has the property of self-similarity of the forming structure, allows modeling spatial structures on bounded lattices and spreading the data obtained on bounded lattices to the entire volume of the simulated residue. The article provides a brief overview of the main works related to the application of the fractal concept in the modeling of micro and macroscopic structures arising during the drying of liquid products. It is shown that in order to calculate the kinetics of drying liquid dispersed products on substrates, in the case of the formation of a certain layer of surface film and the formation of a certain spatial structure of solid particles, an important task is to determine the critical moisture content. The proposed model allows modeling layers with fractal dimension lying in the range from 1.64 to 2. This range corresponds to layers in the porosity range from layers with dense monodisperse particle stacking with a coordination number of 12, to structures similar to dendrite fractals, with porosity much higher than the ordered simple cubic particle stacking. The results of fractal cluster modeling and comparison of calculated and experimental values of porosity and critical moisture content obtained in the process of drying a suspension of optical bleach CD-2 and polymethylene-B-naphthalene sulfonate under different modes of convective drying of the product layer on a fluoroplastic horizontal substrate as products characterized by a close value of the initial concentration of the solid phase (≈12%), but different values of particle sizes and the obtained values of the fractal dimension of the surface film and the dry residue are presented.
RESEARCH FOR FORMING POROUS STRUCTURES BASED ON PVC
Authors: Khristoforova Irina A. , Khristoforov Alexander I.
Published: May 2020

In this work, we report on phase equilibrium in systems «plasticizer mix - blowing agent». Dioctiphthalate, butylbenzylphthalate and dicresyl phosphate were used as plasticizer, and simple oligoesters (ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol) served as a blowing agent. We conducted an experiment and built triple phase diagrams. Diphenylcresylphosphate proved to be fully compatible with diethylene and triethylene glycol, but not to the ethylene one. Triple systems «Butyl benzyl phthalate - Diphenylcresylphosphate - Simple oligoesters» turned out to be homogeneous for several created compounds. To achieve this for a triple system, the minimal quantity threshold is either 20% of triethylene glycol or 30% of diethylene. As for the case of dioctyl phthalate for second plasticizer, the minimal threshold for blowing agents is 70%. We constructed a device that allows to detect phase equilibrium for liquid systems. We devised several compounds and a technological proccess for creating porous PVC-based membranes using thermal molding. We selected such molding due to several advantages when compared to other methods for producing porous membranes, such as: required density, elasticity, open pores, and narrow pore size distribution. We managed to create several samples based on emulsion type PVC, butyl benzyl phthalate, diphenylcresyl phosphate, diethylene and triethylene glycol. During the phase inversion thermal process temperature should be around 180 degrees of celsium. Porous materials have the following properties: open porosity 38-44%, breaking strength 1.0 – 1.2 MРa, relative extension 43-63%, maximal pore size (2.3 – 2.8)·10-6 m, average pore size (0.5 – 1.1)·10-6 m.
SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF AMINO ACIDS – BODIPY CONJUGATES
Authors: Ksenofontova Ksenia V. N. , Ksenofontov Alexander A. , Khodov Ilya A. , Rumyantsev Evgeniy V. N.
Published: May 2020

The present work describes direct one-pot synthesis of the two novel amino acids – boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) conjugates with histidine and tyrosine residues bound to fluorophore via amino group. The synthesized compounds were fully characterized by means of 1H and 11B nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, time-of-flight mass spectrometry with matrix-activated laser desorption / ionization. All the data are in accordance with the proposed structures. The amino acids – BODIPY conjugates under study were investigated by means of absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy. Absorption and emission spectra of the compounds in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) – buffer solution (BS) mixture (1:1) were obtained. Moreover, a number of photophysical characteristics of the conjugates, namely: relative fluorescence quantum yield, molar extinction coefficient, relative fluorescence lifetime, radiative and non-radiative rate constants were calulated. 3D fluorescence spectra of the compounds in DMSO – BS mixture (1:1) were obtained. Absorption and emission titration of the compounds was carried out. The results of the titration allowed us to confirm additionally a stoichiometric composition of the conjugates. Quantum chemical analysis of structural and spectral properties of the compounds in a ground state was carried out. The results of quantum chemical calculations gave an insight to a nature of the BODIPY – amino acid interactions in the conjugates. Besides, the synthesized amino acids – BODIPY conjugates are found to be highly soluble in polar solvents. Thus, a range of unique properties of the objects of the present research enables us to use them for visualization of bioactive macromolecules as well as biochemical processes in living cells.
TAKING INTO ACCOUNT DEPENDENCE OF VISCOSITY COEFFICIENT ON TEMPERATURE DURING VAPOR CONDENSATION ON A VERTICAL WALL
Authors: Moshinskiy Aleksandr I. , Ganin Pavel G. , Markova Alla V. , Rubtsova Larisa N. , Sorokin Vladislav V.
Published: May 2020

In the present study, the problem of vapor condensation on a flat vertical surface is investigated in the case of an arbitrary dependence of the dynamic viscosity coefficient on temperature according to a fairly general law. At a constant value of this coefficient and other characteristics of a condensing liquid (heat conductivity coefficient, density) this task was considered by Nusselt in a constant gravitational field. The results obtained by Nusselt formed the basis (with certain modifications) for the computational practice of heat exchange equipment of chemical technology in the presence of steam condensation of any heat carrier. Formation of a condensate film occurs due to heat transfer through the liquid film, vapor condensation at the outer edge of the film and the flow of liquid along the surface. The article generalizes the Nusselt theory for the heat transfer coefficient under the indicated conditions, and as a result, convenient calculation formulas for the heat transfer coefficient, which are necessary to describe the operation of heat and mass exchange equipment. Approximate relations are proposed for calculating the dynamic viscosity coefficient, which are useful for calculating film flow on a flat surface. A comparison is made with the previously used ratios in an approximate manner taking into account the dependence of viscosity coefficient on temperature. When in technical applications one wants to determine the average value of two parameters, which are then used to calculate certain characteristics of a process, then, traditionally, the average of these parameters is considered. This article shows that by simplifying the dependence of the effective dynamic viscosity coefficient, more accurate results are obtained by dividing the interval of the width of the current film in the ratio of three to one, where three fourths refer to the wall temperature, and one fourth to the condensation temperature. The analytical dependencies presented in this paper can be used for practical calculations of the heat exchange equipment.
GRANULATED LOW-MODULUS ZEOLITES FOR EXTRACTION OF CO CATIONS
Authors: Prokof’ev Valery Yu. , Gordina Natalya E. , Zakharov Oleg N. , Tsvetova Elena V. , Kolobkova Anastasia E.
Published: May 2020

The paper gives a characteristic of LTA and SOD zeolite pellets, which were synthesized using preliminary ultrasonic processing. By X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy methods, it was established that the investigated samples contained about 100% of the LTA or SOD phase. It was shown that zeolite LTA particles have a dimension of coherent scattering region of 780 nm and root mean square microdeformations of 0.05%, while SOD zeolite particles have this parameter about 460 nm and the defectiveness of crystal lattice is 0.15%. The values of the specific surface area of zeolite pellets were determined, the values of which are 148.8 and 115.6 m2/g for LTA and SOD, respectively. It was noted that the SOD zeolite pellets have virtually no micropores. Equilibrium curves were obtained for the saturation of zeolite pellets with cobalt cations depending on the concentration of Co2+ in an aqueous solution of cobalt chloride. It was shown that in the entire investigated range of Co2+ concentrations, the LTA zeolite capacity is 30% higher than that of the SOD zeolite which can be explained by two main reasons. Firstly, this is a higher specific surface area of the LTA zeolite. Secondly, these are structural features of the zeolite frameworks, namely, LTA zeolite has α-cavities which are more accessible for Co2+. It is also shown that with increasing temperature, the zeolites capacity on cobalt cations grows. It was discovered that a new absorption band with a wave number at 1390 cm–1 appears on the IR spectra of both zeolites after saturation. In addition, an increase in the size of the unit cell and a growth in the defectiveness of particles were noted in cobalt-saturated zeolites. Taken together, these facts point to the cation exchange. It was shown that 1 g of LTA zeolite provides almost complete purification of 50 ml of the solution from 57Co cations in a dynamic mode.
BACTERICIDAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITES OF METHYLENE BLUE AND CETYLPYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE WITH GLAUCONITE OBTAINED BY ADSORPTION METHOD
Authors: Venig Sergey B. , Chernova Rimma K. , Rusanova Tatyana Yu. , Serzhantov Victor G. , Mikerov Anatoly N. , Shapoval Olga G. , Selifonova Ekaterina I.
Published: May 2020

Recently, there has been an increased interest in aluminosilicates of natural origin, both in connection with the application in water and soil treatment systems, and as a matrix for the creation of biologically active composites. Glauconite is an aluminosilicate widely distributed in nature, which is promising for the development of effective enterosorbents and detoxification methods. New bactericidal composites based on glauconite from the Beloozersky deposit in the Saratov region are proposed. The method of scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphological characteristics of individual glauconite and its composites. And the trace element composition was determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. It was also established that the nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms for the studied glauconite sample are of type IV according to the classification of Deming and Teller (BET classification), and the sample is characterized by the presence of mesopores from 2 to 50 nm in size. The specific surface area of enriched glauconite by BET was 22.78 m2/g, and the total pore volume (P/Po = 0.98) - 0.044 cm3/g. Composites with methylene blue, cetyl priridinium chloride and their mixture were obtained on the basis of the enriched fraction of glauconite by sorption immobilization. The sorption capacity of glauconite in relation to the above biologically active substances is determined. An increase in the antibacterial effect of the obtained composites on standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 P and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 relative to individual substances was revealed. Thus, the work shows that glauconite and composites based on it is a promising object for creating new types of enterosorbents for subsequent use in medicine and veterinary medicine.
ANALYSIS OF EXISTING METHODS FOR URANIUM-PLUTONIUM MIXED NITRIDE FUEL FAB-RICATION IN RUSSIA AND ABROAD
Authors: Fedorov Maxim S. , Baydakov Nikolay A. , Zhiganov Alexander N. , Zozulya Dmitry V.
Published: May 2020

This paper presents a review and a brief analysis of existing methods for producing mixed uranium nitride and plutonium, developed by both Russian and foreign scientists. The main parameters of the processes are considered, and their advantages and disadvantages are studied. Currently, the main areas of nitride fuel production are the metal hydride method and carbothermic reduction from the starting oxides. The methods are traditional ceramic technology. The starting products for the manufacture of nitride fuel powder can be either oxides (uranium dioxide and plutonium dioxide) or metals (uranium, plutonium and their alloys). To date, the technology for the manufacture of nitride fuel powder has not been finally selected. When considering existing methods, significant emphasis was placed on industrial applications and the simplicity of the hardware design processes. The laboratory methods are reflected in the work, which make it possible to simplify the process and reduce the costs of obtaining powders of mixed uranium and plutonium nitrides. However, they have significant difficulties in the technological implementation and low productivity of the processes. Of special interest among laboratory methods for producing mixed uranium and plutonium nitrides is the method of high-voltage electric pulse consolidation. This method allows sintering of tablets at the stage of powder pressing from mixed uranium and plutonium nitrides by passing a short high-voltage discharge with a power of several kW directly through the powder.
SEMI-INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY FOR SYNTHESIS OF TETRACYANOETHYLENE
Authors: Lipin Konstantin V. , Fedoseev Sergey V.
Published: May 2020

The goal of our work is to develop a synthesis of tetracyanoethylene suitable for scaling and to design a technological scheme of the process based on it. To achieve this goal, a tetracyanoethylene synthesis method was originally developed, which consists of the following stages: obtaining sodium cyanodithioformate based on carbon disulfide and sodium cyanide using N, N-dimethylformamide as a solvent; obtaining tetracyano-1,4-dithiine by treating sodium cyanodithioformate with chlorine; obtaining tetracyanoethylene from tetracyano-1,4-dithiine by sequential interaction with sodium cyanide and chlorine. The developed method was tested in the laboratory, where it showed its suitability. Therefore, further on the base of this method, a technological scheme of the process was designed. A description of the scheme and the necessary sequence of operations are compiled. The interaction takes place in the reactors R-1, R-2, R-3. Pumps N-1–4 provided the pumping the reaction mass. Also, in the technological scheme there is an F-1 Nutsche filter for separation of the suspension. To isolate and purify the obtained tetracyanoethylene, an I-1 vacuum evaporator and a SA-1 sublimation apparatus are used. The necessary equipment was selected for the technological scheme: Р-1 reactor made of Teflon with a volume of 200 l with a stirrer and a jacket; two reactors Р-2 and Р-3 made of glass with a volume of 200 l with a stirrer and a jacket; Ф-1 Nutsche filter made of thick-walled polypropylene pipes; sublimation apparatus CA-1 continuous. The selection of the main and auxiliary equipment was carried out on the base of the chemical and physico-chemical characteristics of the reagents, technological conditions and the characteristics of the process. This method of obtaining compares favorably with the use of simple and cheap raw materials common in the chemical industry and the use of standard processing equipment.
SYNTHESIS OPTIMIZATION OF 6-NITRO-3,4-DIHYDROQUINAZOLINE-4-ONE
Authors: Ziyadullaev Mirjalol E. , Karimov Rixsibay K. , Zukhurova Gulnora V. , Abdurazakov Asqar Sh. , Sagdullaev Shamansur Sh.
Published: May 2020

A method for the synthesis of the substance 6-nitro-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-4-one has been developed. Quantitative determination of the target product was carried out spectrophotometrically using an SF-46 instrument. As a solvent, 0.1 mol/l HCl was used. A 0.1 mol/l hydrochloric acid solution was used as a comparison solution. The optical density of the standard and test samples was measured at a wavelength of 254 nm. The synthesis conditions of 6-nitro-3,4-dihydro-quinazolin-4-one were studied. The structure of the obtained product was studied by IR, Mass, 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy, and the structure of the synthesized compound was also established. The main factors that influence the process of producing 6-nitro-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-4-one are identified. The process is optimized by the method of mathematical planning of the experiment. A mathematical model is drawn up. And the regression equation is calculated. A steep ascent along the response surface was carried out and optimal process conditions were found: temperature, time, quantitative ratio of the starting materials. It has been established that the main factor affecting the nitration process of 3,4-dihydroquinazolin-4-one is the temperature of 40 ºC and the reaction time is 4.5 h. Note that at a higher temperature, according to the analysis, a significant amount of dinitro derivative is formed, as a reaction byproduct.
COMPARATIVE FEATURES OF STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF BIOMARKERS OF NAPHTHALAN PETROLEUM
Authors: Kolchina Galina Yu. , Movsumzade Eldar M.
Published: May 2020

The results of studies of the structural features of the biomarkers of Naphthalan petroleum (in particular, R, S-cholestanes and hopanes with C28-C31) by the hybrid density functional in the approximation 6-311G+(d,p) are presented. It was shown that the studied substances have a quad-cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene system, which is inherent in resins and asphaltenes of heavy oils, and is also characterized by a three-dimensional spatial configuration. Compounds containing such a ring system are of great importance both for the body, including when exposed to antimicrobial reagents. The structure and position of the side groups and atoms adjacent to the main cycle, the position of double bonds in the molecule, and the spatial configuration have a definite effect on the biological activity of the biomarkers of Naphthalan petroleum. The calculated geometric parameters of the studied compounds show that the molecules are stable, and the stability is determined by the conformation of the rings (cyclohexane rings have the chair conformation, and cyclopentane rings have half-chairs), the nature of the connection between each other and the spatial arrangement of hydrogen atoms, radicals and functional groups. From the calculated values of the torsion angles of cholestanes and hopanes, it was shown that the junction of the A/B, B/C and C/D cycles is in the trans configuration (118.37° - 129.94°). The studied molecules possess a trans-articulation of the rings at the 5,10-, 8,9-, and 13,14-positions (in the case of 5-10 hopanes, also at the 17,18-position). The bonds in the molecules that form the rings are slightly distorted, and the rings themselves are not flat. A relationship was found between the biological activity of triterpenes and their values of ionization potentials and electron affinity. The studied biomarkers are similar in geometry and energy parameters to betulin derivatives and can exhibit biological activity.
MODELI RASTA VISINA STABALA U JEDNODOBNIM SASTOJINAMA HRASTA KITNJAKA U ZAPADNOM DIJELU REPUBLIKE SRPSKE
Authors: Dukić Vojislav , Petrović Danijela , Stajić Branko
Published: May 2020

U ovom radu, prikazani su rezultati istraživanja u čistim zrelim sastojinama hrasta kitnjaka (od 120 do140 godina - VII dobni razred) u zapadnom dijelu Republike Srpske. Istraživanja su obavljena u acidofilnimšumama hrasta kitnjaka na tri lokaliteta (Kozara, Motajica i Crni vrh). Za dobivanje modela rastaodnosno za analizu toka visinskog rasta stabala, odabrana su po tri stabla iz kategorije dominantnihstabala na svakom lokalitetu. Tok rasta stabala je rekonstruisan standardnim metodom dendrometrijskeanalize. Nakon obnove u novoformiranim sastojinama na osnovu konstruisanih modela rasta visinadominantnih stabala može se planirati vrijeme početka i učestalost uzgojnih zahvata što će se pozitivnoodraziti na vitalnost, stabilnost i nivo produkcije sastojina.
EFFECTS OF AMELIORATIVE AFFORESTATION ON THE ERODIBILITY FACTOR AND SOIL LOSS IN THE GRDELICA GORGE
Authors: Baumgertel Aleksandar , Lukić Sara , Belanović Simić Snežana , Miljković Predrag
Published: May 2020

The paper presents research carried out in the area of Grdelica gorge in 60 years old black pine (Pinusnigra Arnold.) stands. The aim of this study was to determine whether the applied planting method ofameliorative afforestation had an impact on physical and chemical soil properties, soil erodibility andsoil loss. The experimental fields were selected from the afforested areas where soil samples weretaken from fixed depths and then were subjected to physical and chemical laboratory analyses. Thesoil erodibility factor K was calculated using the Wischmeier and Smith formula, whilst, soil loss wasestimated according to Erosion Potential method – EPM by Gavrilović. According to the results of theresearch, in the studied period of 60 years there was a change in the soil physical and chemical properties.There was also a reduction in the soil erodibility factor and soil loss which can be the result ofameliorative afforestation. The afforestation method can affect the reduction of soil losses, while theerodibility factor may be affected indirectly (e.g. by increase in the organic matter content, formingstructural aggregates) not immediately after afforestation, but in a long term period.