bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microbiological quality of shellfish and evaluation of compact dry EC for detecting total coliforms and Escherichia coli
Authors: Vásquez García A. , Gomes de Sá S.H. , de Sousa Silva G. , Mejia Ballesteros J.E. , Barbieri E. , Moro de Sousa R.L. , Fernandes A.M. , Mitsui Kushida M.
Published: March 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of oysters and mussels grown in Cananéia, Brazil, by analysing mesophiles, psychrothophic bacteria, moulds and yeasts, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp., and to compare the efficiency of Compact Dry EC method and the conventional method for counting of total coliforms and Escherichia coli. The microbial analysis showed that the mean values of mesophilic counts were 3.14±0.81 log CFU g−1 for oysters and 3.92±0.90 for mussels; the mean values of psychrophilic counts were 2.78±0.75 log CFU g−1 for oysters and 3.22±0.75 log CFU g−1 for mussels; the mean values of mould and yeast counts were 3.70±0.58 log CFU g−1 for oysters and 3.33±0.81 log CFU g−1 for mussels. Salmonella spp. did not present positive results, and the maximal count of Staphylococcus aureus was 1.7 log CFU g−1, therefore, within the limits established in the legislation. The correlation coefficients between the Compact Dry EC method and conventional method were >0.87 for total coliform and E. coli counts for both types of shellfish. The data in this study show that the Compact Dry EC method is an acceptable alternative to conventional methods for enumeration of total coliforms and E. coli in shellfish.
The effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with chronic heart failure of various origin depending on the structural myocardial injury in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Stukalova O. V. , Mironova N. A. , Utsumueva M. D. , Kashtanova S. Yu. , Butorova E. A. , Shitov V. N. , Tarasovsky G. S. , Golitsyn S. P. , Ternovoy S. K.
Published: March 2020

Aim. To assess the effect of the size and pattern of myocardial structural injury, determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), on response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with ischemic and non-ischemic heart failure (HF).

Material and methods. Forty seven patients with ischemic and non-ischemic HF (age 62,3±8,9 years (mean±SD), 44,6% females and 55,4% males), left ventricle (LV) ejection fraction <35%, QRS complex >130 ms, and sinus rhythm were included in the study. Late-gadolinium enhancement-cardiovascular magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR) was undertaken to evaluate myocardial scar prior to CRT devices implantation. All CMR analysis was performed on CVI42 software. According to signal intensity, fibrosis zone and “grey zone” were defined for quantitative analysis (proportion and mass) of injury. Scar zone included fibrosis zone and “grey zone”. Scar location was assessed using a 16-segmentLV model. Response was defined as a reduction inLV end systolic volume of >15% at 6 months follow-up and HF functional class amelioration.

Results. In nonresponse group there was significantly higher proportion and mass of total scar (median 4% [2,5; 19] vs 24% [7; 44], p=0,012,6 g [3,5; 32,5] vs41 g [8; 86], p=0,013)), fibrosis zone (median 0% [0; 3,5] vs 8% [0; 19], p=0,01,0 g [0; 6] vs14 g [0; 34], p=0,014) and “grey zone” (4% [2,5; 15] vs 15% [7; 23], p=0,018,6 g [3,5; 27,5] vs23 g [8; 39], p=0,25). Response proportion in non-ischemic HF patients was higher than in ischemic HF patients (78,5% vs 28,5%, p<0,01). Response to CRT was less in patients with posterolateral scar, more specifically in segments 4,5,6,11,12,15,16 (p<0,05). CRT response in ischemic HF did not depend on size of myocardial structural injury, but depend on scar localization. Lateral scar was associated with poor response. In non-ischemic HF, proportion and mass of fibrosis zone was less in responder group (median 0% [0; 1] vs 8,5% [0; 11], p<0,05,0 g [0; 1] vs14,5 g [0; 22], p<0,05.

Conclusion. Response to CRT is significantly higher in non-ischemic than in ischemic HF patients. Nonresponse to CRT is associated with posterolateral scar, regardless of the HF origin. In patients with non-ischemic HF, size of fibrosis zone is lower in the responder group. In patients with ischemic HF, size ofLV structural injury does not affect the CRT efficiency, but lateral scar is associated with CRT nonresponse.
Acute coronary syndrome: how to reduce the residual inflammatory risk?
Authors: Shalnev V. I.
Published: March 2020

Inflammatory mediators play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The results of experimental and randomized clinical trials on the role of various inflammation inhibitors in the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD), in particular CANTOS and COLCOT, mark a new stage that can significantly change the clinical course and outcomes of the disease. We analyze our own experience in studying this problem. There are much prospects for the use of immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory drugs reducing the residual inflammatory risk, but additional studies are needed to determine their role in the treatment of CAD.
Levels of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Gimadeeva A. D. , Galyavich A. S. , Galeeva Z. M. , Baleeva L. V.
Published: March 2020

Aim.To study the levels of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI).

Material and methods.The study included 74 patients with acute MI. PCSK9 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results.The mean PCSK9 levels were 479,7±15,4 ng/ml. No significant correlation was found between PCSK9 and total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides. In the group of smokers, a significant inverse correlation was found between the levels of PCSK9 and HDL-C (-0,45; p=0,039). In the group of patients with body mass index <25 kg/m2, a significant inverse correlation of PCSK9 levels with total cholesterol (-0,45, p=0,008), HDL-C (-0,42; p=0,029) and LDL-C (-0,47; p=0,003) was found.

Conclusion.In patients with MI, a correlation of PCSK9 levels with lipid profile was found in smokers, as well as in patients with a low body mass index.
Sobre o cuidado na saúde: da assistência ao cidadão à autonomia de um sujeito
Authors: Roosli Ana Cláudia Barbosa da Silva , Palma Claudia Maria de Sousa , Ortolan Maria Lúcia Mantovanelli
Published: March 2020

Resumo Este artigo discute a categoria do cuidado nas ações de saúde na atenção básica, interrogando a predominância de uma oferta e de uma demanda na via assistencial-universalizante. Como resposta, marca a relevância da psicanálise a um cuidado que ultrapassa o cidadão que espera por um serviço de direito, apontando para o direito pelo cuidado ao sujeito na sua singularidade. Acrescentam-se a essa perspectiva os benefícios do campo da psicologia do trabalho, em que a conquista e o fortalecimento da saúde dos próprios trabalhadores se inscrevem como necessidades à sustentabilidade de uma oferta de cuidado para além da aplicação de protocolos normatizadores. Nessa via, a inclusão da psicanálise e da psicologia do trabalho vem somar no exercício do cuidado na saúde, ampliando as perspectivas de atuação dos psicólogos vinculados à atenção básica, ultrapassando o nível de oferta assistencial.
Proposição de uma metodologia preditiva para avaliação do efeito caking em diferentes tipos de açúcares comerciais
Authors: Condotta Rodrigo , Silva Pamela Marques da
Published: March 2020

Resumo Este trabalho apresenta os resultados preliminares de uma metodologia experimental alternativa em desenvolvimento para se prever o efeito caking comumente observados em materiais particulados durante o seu período de armazenamento. Tal metodologia se fundamenta em: 1) princípio da superação da tensão de cisalhamento máxima para promover o movimento das partículas num leito particulado consolidado; 2) que essa tensão máxima é função das propriedades físicas e da natureza química das partículas que constituem o leito; 3) que a técnica de prorating é uma técnica comprovada e frequentemente utilizada nos ensaios de cisalhamento para correções de possíveis desvios; 4) que a tensão de cisalhamento estática é dependente do tempo de contato das partículas, cujo comportamento pode ser descrito pelo modelo de fricção sólida de Dieterich-Rice-Ruina. Essa metodologia preditiva visa ao estudo da evolução do coeficiente de fricção estático com o tempo, por meio de ensaios de cisalhamento do tipo stop-and-go, segundo o modelo de Dieterich-Rice-Ruina. Posteriormente, o incremento na tensão de cisalhamento em função do tempo é aplicado na técnica de prorating, para, a partir de um plano de ruptura instantâneo, estimar o plano de ruptura temporal. Foram realizados testes com quatro tipos de açúcares comerciais, para os quais os valores dos planos de ruptura temporais, obtidos experimentalmente, e dos planos teóricos, estimados segundo o método preditivo proposto, se mostraram inicialmente satisfatórios para os curtos períodos de tempo ensaiados neste estudo preliminar, podendo ser ampliado para períodos maiores.
Por meio do meio: crítica para uma teoria dos meios (de comunicação)
Authors: Liesen Maurício
Published: March 2020

Resumo Este trabalho estrutura-se como um estudo histórico-conceitual do conceito de meio, contrastando-o com termos similares, tais como mídia, mediume médium. Após um breve estudo etimológico, analisa-se as especificidades da relacionalidade inerente a este conceito, ilustrada pela locução por meio deou através de, em contraste a termos como prótese, signo e canal, tratados frequentemente pela literatura da área como sinônimos de meio. O intuito aqui não é apenas fundamentar a pertinência de uma teoria (ou campo de estudos) específica dos meios, mas ainda delinear suas particularidades face a abordagens comunicacionais, instrumentais e semióticas.
As políticas do arquivo em Thomas Elsaesser
Authors: Telles Marcio
Published: March 2020

Resumo Em recente coletânea que dá um panorama da obra deste prolífico autor alemão, o destaque é para as possibilidades de discussão teórica sobre o que é, afinal, a arqueologia das mídias. A proposta de uma abordagem que aspira à descrição do que estava ao redordos filmes, evitando a cronologia linear, revela um profundo compromisso político contra o “mal de arquivo”: encontrar, no passado, alternativas para o futuro.
Epistemologia da comunicação, neomaterialismo e cultura digital
Authors: Lemos André
Published: March 2020

Resumo O artigo apresenta teorias neomaterialistas, visando sua aplicação no campo da comunicação social. É proposto o conceito de mediação como central para um entendimento dos processos comunicativos que leve em consideração a agência dos objetos e sua materialidade. Parte-se da hipótese de que boa parte dos estudos de comunicação valoriza perspectivas antropocêntricas, relações intersubjetivas, contextuais e transcendentes. Essa postura não seria capaz de abarcar toda a complexidade dos fenômenos comunicacionais, em geral, e os da cultura digital, em particular. O artigo apresenta uma proposta metodológica para análise neomaterialista de objetos infocomunicacionais.
Periodismo y humanidades en César Vallejo
Authors: Granados Pedro J.
Published: March 2020

Resumen Se estudió el periodismo de César Vallejo, sus crónicas, en relación con varias nociones de las humanidades que se proponen aquí; humanidades en tanto libros, pueblos, narrativas o post-antropocentrismo. No menos, en la vinculación de aquéllas con el neo realismo (Meillassoux, Gabriel, Harman, etc.); por cuanto, periodista y filósofos, finalmente enarbolan el giro ontológico. También este ensayo se propuso elaborar, aunque muy inicial, una taxonomía cualitativa de las crónicas; es decir, una no temática o meramente cronológica. El resultado fue, creemos, confirmar la actualidad e incluso virtualidad – futuridad – de César Vallejo como periodista.
DYNAMICS OF SOIL MICROBIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES IN INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS IN THE CERRADO-AMAZONÔNIA ECOTONE1
Authors: SOUSA HEIRIANE MARTINS , CORREA AMANDA RIBEIRO , SILVA BÁRBARA DE MOTTA , OLIVEIRA SUZANA DA SILVA , CAMPOS DANIELA TIAGO DA SILVA , WRUCK FLÁVIO JESUS
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT The combination of grain and livestock production in integrated Crop-Livestock systems (iCLs) provide the opportunity to increase yields, improve soil attributes and ensure the sustainability of the agricultural system. The objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of seven land use systems on their microbiota. Five iCL systems were implemented in 2005 in Santa Carmem, MT, Brazil, with different rotating crops: iCL A (soybean/maize, preceded by two years with pasture), iCL B (rice/maize, preceded by two years with soybean/intercropped pasture), iCL C (soybean/maize, preceded by three years with pasture), iCL D (pasture/maize, preceded by five soybean/maize or millet intercropped with pasture) and iCL E (pasture/maize, preceded by three years with pasture). These were compared with two reference systems: a conventional soybean/maize succession system (CC) and native forest (NF). Soils were collected (0.00-0.20 m) and the population dynamics of fungi, bacteria, actinobacteria and cellulolytic microorganisms were evaluated over the course of two years (2012 and 2013). Likewise, carbon stocks of microbial biomass (CBM); metabolic quotient (qCO2); basal respiration (RB); acid (AP) and alkaline (ALP) phosphatases; β-glycosidase (BG) and urease of soil were assessed. The iCLs systems improved the performance of soil microbiota compared to the conventional system. The rotation of legume and grasses preceded by pasture in iCL A and C, increased the total fungi, bacteria, actinobacteria, enzymatic activity and CBM stocks. This fact contributed to an increased efficiency in environmental performance and added greater sustainability to the system.
EFFECTS OF SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL CHEMICAL PARAMETERS ON TIFTON 85 GRASS YIELD1
Authors: SILVA EUDOCIO RAFAEL OTAVIO DA , BARROS MURILO MACHADO DE , PEREIRA MARCOS GERVASIO , GOMES JOÃO HENRIQUE GAIA , SOARES STEPHANY DA COSTA
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT Studies on spatial variability of soil attributes of tropical pastures gather information that can assist in decision making about managements of these soils. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the spatial variability of soil chemical attributes and their effects on grass yield of Tifton 85. The experiment was carried out in an area of 3.91 ha at the Feno Rio Farm of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil. Soils of the 0-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m layers were sampled considering an irregular sampling mesh, making a total of 50 georeferenced points. The parameters evaluated were: the soil chemical attributes pH, Al+3, Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, K+, P, H+Al, and total organic carbon (TOC); and the Tifton 85 dry matter yield (DMY). The results of these parameters were subjected to descriptive statistics, linear correlation, and geostatistics, and maps were developed for the analyses. Regions with grass yields different from the general mean were found in the area, which presented mean grass yield of 2248 kg ha-1. The soil chemical parameters Na+, Ca+2, TOC, and H+Al were significantly correlated with DMY, confirming that they are important and affect the Tifton 85 grass yield. The mapping of the Tifton 85 cycle is important for understanding the variability of DMY. The investigation of areas with different productive potentials should be followed by development of maps of soil chemical attributes to correlate and understand the ratios that may be involved with these variations.
“DEUS TE LIVRE, LEITOR, DE UMA IDEIA FIXA”: METALEPSE EM MACHADO DE ASSIS
Authors: GRÜNHAGEN SARA
Published: March 2020

Resumo Este trabalho propõe uma reflexão sobre o uso de um conceito recente para um recurso metaficcional já antigo: de Cervantes a Machado de Assis, inúmeros escritores recorreram à metalepse, que ora faz uma personagem reclamar da narrativa, no caso de Sancho Pança, ora interpela o leitor, como faz Brás Cubas. Interessa-me analisar como essa transgressão narrativa foi explorada por Machado de Assis, que em Memórias póstumas chega a admitir sua filiação a um certo estilo europeu, buscando marcar, porém, sua especificidade. Trata-se de mostrar que o recurso à metalepse desestabiliza o jogo literário e chama à cena um leitor que, em Machado, já não é mais o mesmo daquele convocado pela forma romanesca europeia que lhe serviu de modelo.
MACHADO DE ASSIS EDITOR E AS SUAS PÁGINAS RECOLHIDAS
Authors: SALLA THIAGO MIO , SALGADO LARA CAMMAROTA
Published: March 2020

Resumo O presente artigo visa a traçar de forma sucinta a história da primeira edição de Páginas recolhidas, de Machado de Assis, bem como conjecturar hipóteses sobre a elaboração de tal obra, com vistas a discutir a faceta de editor cultivada pelo autor de Dom Casmurro. Para tanto, recupera-se, de início, a atuação do escritor no processo de produção editorial de seus livros, mediante a retomada de elementos bibliográficos e, sobretudo, de dados contidos em sua correspondência, para então se tratar do processo de feitura da miscelânea em questão, a primeira realizada pelo escritor. Publicado em 1899, o livro Páginas recolhidas abriga oito contos, seis crônicas, uma peça de teatro, um discurso, uma evocação e uma análise de correspondência.
ENTRE A CRÍTICA GENÉTICA E A CRÍTICA LITERÁRIA, A PROPÓSITO DE UMA EDIÇÃO ELETRÔNICA DE ESAÚ E JACÓ
Authors: NUNES ARIADNE
Published: March 2020

Resumo A crítica genética e a crítica literária têm, até agora, sido vistas como dois modos diferentes de olhar para os textos. Enquanto os críticos literários interpretam o texto, isto é, o resultado do processo de escrita, a crítica genética concentra a sua atenção no acto de escrita de um autor, sem refletir sobre as consequências que o processo tem sobre o produto final - o texto tal como será lido. Neste artigo, pretendo, usando como pretexto o manuscrito autógrafo existente de Esaú e Jacó na Academia Brasileira de Letras, pensar sobre a possível interseção entre os movimentos de escrita de Machado de Assis, detectáveis neste testemunho, e a reflexão que o próprio Machado faz, nos seus textos, em particular os da denominada segunda fase machadiana, versando a escrita de livros.
NOTAS A DOM CASMURRO (EM HOMENAGEM ÀS EDIÇÕES PREPARADAS POR MARTA DE SENNA)
Authors: GRANJA LÚCIA
Published: March 2020

Resumo Este artigo parte de uma homenagem à Marta de Senna como editora da obra de Machado de Assis, atividade na qual se destaca a obstinação e generosidade que levaram essa estudiosa e editora da obra de Machado de Assis à reunião e edição eletrônica da ficção completa do escritor. Tal reunião e estabelecimento de texto da obra completa do escritor havia sido ensaiada várias vezes, mas jamais cumprida. A seguir, partindo de algumas notas da edição de Senna a Dom Casmurro, o artigo propõe uma análise do ressentimento de Bentinho, baseado na mobilidade da personagem pela cidade do Rio de Janeiro.
Effect of Yd:YAG laser irradiation on the shear bond strength of orthodontic metal brackets
Authors: Moreira Fernando César , Jacob Helder Baldi , Vaz Luis Geraldo , Guastaldi Antonio Carlos
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Yd:YAG laser irradiation on orthodontic bracket base surface. Shear bond strength (SBS) values and sites of the bonding failure interfaces were quantified. Methods: Brackets were divided into two groups: OP (One Piece - integral sandblast base) and OPL (One Piece - laser irradiation). The brackets were randomly bonded on an intact enamel surface of 40 bovine incisors. The SBS tests were carry out using a universal test machine. A stereomicroscopy was used to evaluate the adhesive remnant index (ARI), and surface characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Student’s t-test was used to compare the SBS between the two groups (p< 0.05). Frequencies and chi-square analysis were applied to evaluate the ARI scores. Results: OPL group showed higher value (p< 0.001) of SBS than OP group (43.95 MPa and 34.81 MPa, respectively). ARI showed significant difference (p< 0.001) between OPL group (ARI 0 = 100%) and OP group (ARI 0 = 15%). SEM showed a higher affinity between the adhesive and the irradiated laser base surface. Conclusions: Yd:YAG laser irradiation on bracket base increased SBS values, showing that bonding failure occurs at the enamel/adhesive interface. Laser-etched bracket base may be used instead of conventional bases in cases where higher adhesion is required, reducing bracket-bonding failure.
A resposta de adolescentes à questão: como erradicar a violência doméstica e familiar contra as mulheres no Brasil?
Authors: Singulano Yara Lopes , Teixeira Karla Maria Damiano
Published: March 2020

Resumo Este artigo objetivou examinar a percepção de adolescentes sobre o que consideravam ser necessário para diminuir os casos de violência doméstica e familiar contra as mulheres. Concluiu-se que, diante da lacuna deixada pelo currículo escolar brasileiro no tocante às discussões relativas aos direitos humanos, as experiências pessoais dos adolescentes e a mídia parecem ser as principais influenciadoras no seu processo de formação de opinião, o que se torna problemático quando a realidade vivenciada é permeada por violência, que acaba naturalizada pelo adolescente; e quando a mídia realiza abordagens discriminatórias, ou adota um discursivo punitivista, ambos incompatíveis com um sistema de proteção aos direitos humanos.
Direitos territoriais indígenas às sombras do passado
Authors: Santana Carolina Ribeiro , Cardoso Thiago Mota
Published: March 2020

Resumo O presente artigo parte da análise dos Anais da Assembleia Constituinte de 1987/88 para compreender a elaboração das garantias territoriais indígenas. Demonstramos que parlamentares e juristas da atualidade estão retomando os exatos termos dos debates realizados para reavaliar tais direitos diante de casos concretos e específicos.
O direito à cidade entre os ecos do #elenão: a cidade como obra a partir dos corpos na rua.
Authors: Silva Ana Cláudia Milani e , Gorsdorf Leandro Franklin
Published: March 2020

Resumo O presente trabalho tem por objeto a análise do conceito do Direito a cidade como obra e sua ressignificação diante da ocupação das ruas pelas manifestações pelo #EleNão nas eleições presidenciais de 2018, pautando-se a questão dos protestos, dos corpos e materialidades para se repensar a democracia do espaço urbano. Para ao final trazer reflexões para um direito a serviço de um Direito a Cidade encarnado pelos corpos em protesto.
Accelerated aging for evaluation of vigor in Brachiaria brizantha ‘Xaraés’ seeds
Authors: Oliveira Ariadne Morbeck Santos , Nery Marcela Carlota , Ribeiro Karina Guimarães , Rocha Adriana Souza , Cunha Priscila Torres
Published: March 2020

Abstract: The aim of this study was to adjust the accelerated aging test to evaluate the physiological potential of seed lots of Brachiaria brizantha ‘Xaraés’, represented by four lots. Seeds were tested by traditional accelerated aging and with saturated NaCl solution in five aging periods: 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The profile of the lots was determined by the following measures: moisture content, germination test, first germination count, germination speed index, initial stand, emergence, and emergence speed index. The accelerated aging test makes it possible to separate the lots by the method of saturated NaCl solution for 24 hours and it is appropriate for evaluation of seed physiological potential.
How to prevent millions of unnecessary bird deaths from collisions with windows
Authors: Piselli Dan
Published: March 2020

New York recently introduced new regulations requiring the city’s buildings to be bird-safe from next year. Dan Piselli of US architecture and planning firm FXCollaborative says simple changes to glazing can prevent millions of unnecessary deaths – and potentially save energy.
An integrated sustainability-management approach for universities
Authors: Umar Tariq
Published: March 2020

Sustainability has become a recognised important sector and a main concern in modern life. The attention towards sustainability was particularly increased when the UN set the target of achieving 17 Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. The role of universities cannot be ignored in promoting sustainability, but to play this role effectively, universities first need to be sustainable. This paper aims to describe a sustainability framework and suggests a process for using the proposed sustainability framework. A qualitative research method using a systematic review approach, semi-structured interviews and email interviews was adopted to achieve the aims and objectives of this research. The initial data were collected from 39 papers extracted from four main databases. Then, semi-structured interviews were held with a total of 11 sustainability experts working in different universities globally. A framework for sustainability in universities consisting of three main components related to the environment, social responsibility and teaching and research is finally developed and validated through email interviews held with 19 heads of different universities around the world. Each of the main sustainability components is divided into subfactors. Longitudinal studies are recommended to evaluate the impact of the proposed framework on university sustainability.
Automatic classification of social media reports on violent incidents in South Africa using machine learning
Authors: Kotzé Eduan , Senekal Burgert A. , Daelemans Walter
Published: March 2020

With the growing amount of data available in the digital age, it has become increasingly important to use automated methods to extract useful information from data. One such application is the extraction of events from news sources for the purpose of a quantitative analysis that does not rely on someone needing to read through thousands of news articles. Overseas, projects such as the Integrated Crisis Early Warning System (ICEWS) monitor news stories and extract events using automated coding. However, not all violent events are reported in the news, and while monitoring only news agencies is sufficient for projects such as ICEWS which have a global focus, more news sources are required when assessing a local situation. We used WhatsApp as a news source to identify the occurrence of violent incidents in South Africa. Using machine learning, we have shown how violent incidents can be coded and recorded, allowing for a local level recording of these events over time. Our experimental results show good performance on both training and testing data sets using a logistic regression classifier with unigrams and Word2vec feature models. Future work will evaluate the inclusion of pre-trained word embedding for both Afrikaans and English words to improve the performance of the machine learning classifier.

Significance:

The logistic regression classifier using TFIDF unigram, CBOW and skip-gram Word2Vec models were successfully implemented to automatically analyse and classify WhatsApp messages from groups that share information on protests and mass violence in South Africa. At the time of publishing, messages were collected from 26 WhatsApp groups across South Africa and automatically classified on an hourly basis.
Single Cell Seeding of BBB Stem Cell Model v1
Authors: Lippmann Ethan , Wilson Hannah , Neal Emma
Published: March 2020

Standardized single cell seeding protocol for Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) differentiation.
Protocol for Differentiation of Blood-Brain Barrier Endothelial Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells v2
Authors: Lippmann Ethan , Wilson Hannah , Neal Emma
Published: March 2020

Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived developmental lineages are key tools for invitro mechanistic interrogations, drug discovery, and disease modeling. iPSCs have previously been differentiated to endothelial cells with blood-brain barrier (BBB) properties, as defined by high transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), low passive permeability, and active transporter functions. Typical protocols use undefined components, which impart unacceptable variability on the differentiation process. We demonstrate that replacement of serum with fully defined components, from common medium supplements to a simple mixture of insulin, transferrin, and selenium, yields BBB endothelium with TEER in the range of 2,000-8,000Ω × cm2across multiple iPSC lines, with appropriate marker expression and active transporters. The use of a fully defined medium vastly improves the consistency of differentiation, and co-culture of BBB endothelium with iPSC-derived astrocytes produces a robust invitro neurovascular model. This defined differentiation scheme should broadly enable the use of human BBB endothelium for diverse applications.
Discurso de aceptación del Premio de Derecho Sanitario 2014, à la Trayectoria enel Marco del Derecho a la Salud, concedido al Dr GERMÁN E. FAJARDO DOLCI
Authors: DOLCI GERMÁN E. FAJARDO
Published: March 2020

Debo empezar diciendo, gracias, muchas gracias a la Red Iberoamericana de Derecho Sanitario, en particular al Consejo Directivo: Karen Vargas, María Celia Delduque, María Cristina Cortesi, Paula Lobato de Farias y mi apreciado amigo Joaquín Cayón de las Cuevas por considerar que un servidor pudiera ser candidato y recipiendario de este importante reconocimiento iberoamericano de Derecho Sanitario.
Propuesta de sistema de derivación regional de pacientes:una oportunidad para la cooperación sur-sur
Authors: Ortega José Emilio , Espósito Santiago Martín
Published: March 2020

Teniendo en cuenta la problemática que muchas veces genera el acceso al sistema público de salud por parte de inmigrantes que carecen de políticas de desarrollo asistencial adecuadas, es necesario, teniendo en cuenta las implicancias del derecho a la salud y de la calidad de vida, generar un sistema regional de derivación de pacientes, el cual, financiado por un fondo dentro del marco de la cooperación sur-sur, permita financiar la atención médica y generar un recupero del gasto.
MODIFICATION OF ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR OBTAINING MEDICAL FORMS
Authors: Alekseev K. V. , Blynskaya E. V. , Tishkov S. V. , Alekseev V. K. , Ivanov A. A.
Published: March 2020

This review presents technological approaches to 4-D printing, which are modifications of additive technologies. Showing the distinctive features of this technology from the three-dimensional printing. The use of four-dimensional printing in pharmaceutical technology and advantages over traditional methods of creating dosage forms are described. Demonstrated classification of adaptive materials, the principles of their application and features of printing equipment. Examples of adaptive materials are presented, including smart polymers and stimuli sensitive hydrogels. The advantages of this type of production, its development prospects and technological features of the production of microcapsules, hydrogels and mucoadhesive films of smart polymers by additive printing technology are given.
CYTOTOXICITY AND HEMOCOMPATIBILITY OF DOXORUBICIN-LOADED PLGA NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Malinovskaya Yu. A. , Kovalenko E. I. , Kovshova T. S. , Osipova N. S. , Maksimenko O. O. , Balabanyan V. Yu. , Razzhivina V. A. , Grechikhina M. V. , Boiko A. A. , Gelperina S. E.
Published: March 2020

Introduction.The use of polymeric biodegradable nanoparticles (NP) as drug delivery systems is a promising approach to overcome histohematomatic barriers. Thus, poloxamer 188-coated poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) NP are able to overcome blood-brain barrier and to deliver therapeutic agents, in particular doxorubicin, into intracranial tumour upon intravenous administration. It is important to evaluate NP interaction with blood components in preclinical studies.

The objectiveof the studywas to investigate cytotoxicity and hemocompatibility of doxorubicin-loaded PLGA NP (Dox-PLGA NP), to essess NP uptake by glioblastoma cells.

Materials and methods.The influence of NP on coagulation cascade was evaluated by prothrombin time measuring before and after plasma incubation with NP. To assess NP thrombogenicity the platelet activation level was determined by flow cytometry. The NP hemolytic activity (released hemoglobin concentration) was measured spectrophotometrically. NP cytotoxicity was determined by MTS assay. NP uptake by human glioblastoma cells was evaluated by flow cytometry.

Results.Dox-PLGA NP did not influence blood coagulation time and thrombocyte activity at concentrations up to 100 mcg/mL: PT values were 12–15 s for all tested samples, and P-selectin expression level did not exceed 15 %. All samples were not hemolytic after 3 h of incubation. Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin released from PLGA NP on glioma U87MG cells was comparable to that of free doxorubicin. As shown by flow cytometry Dox-PLGA NP were efficiently internalized into the cells.

Conclusion.The study of hemocompatibility confirmed the safety of Dox-PLGA NP: NP did not influence blood coagulation system and did not induce hemolysis. NP were efficiently internalized into the human glioblastoma cells and produced considerable antitumor effect in vitro.
BALKAN ÜLKELERİNİN EKONOMİK VE FİNANSAL YAPISI: SORUNLAR VE ÖNERİLER
Authors: Karacaer Ulusoy Merve , Ekmen Özçelik Seda
Published: March 2020

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı Balkan ülkelerinin ekonomik yapısını tarihsel bir süreç içerisinde inceleyerek, bu ekonomilerin temel sorunlarını analiz etmektir. Bu doğrultuda 1990 sonrası dönemde kişi başına gayrisafi yurtiçi hasıla (GSYH), büyüme hızı, enflasyon, işsizlik, brüt katma değerin sektörler arası dağılımı ve dış ticaret verileri kullanılarak Balkan ülkelerinin ekonomik performansları değerlendirilmiş ve ekonomik performansın artırılması için çeşitli çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur. Çalışmada Balkan ülkeleri olarak, topraklarının tamamı Balkanlar içinde yer alan Arnavutluk, Bosna Hersek, Bulgaristan, Karadağ, Kosova, Makedonya ve Yunanistan ile topraklarının yüzde 20’sinden fazlası yine bu bölgede yer alan Sırbistan, Hırvatistan ve Slovenya olmak üzere on ülke analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca Balkan ülkelerinin gerek coğrafi gerekse ekonomik yakınlığı nedeniyle AB-15 ülkeleri ile dış ticaretine daha yakından bakmak amacıyla Helmers ve Pasteels (2006) tarafından geliştirilen “Indicative Trade Potential” (ITP) indeks aracılığı ile her iki ülke grubu arasındaki ticaret akışları incelenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda Balkan ülkelerinin ihracat kapasitelerinin, AB-15’in ithalat talebine ne ölçüde uygun olduğu araştırılmış ve ihracat potansiyeline sahip ancak henüz yüksek ihracat değerleri elde etmeyen ürünlerin listesi ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
Bridging the Public and Private in the Study of Teaching: Revisiting the Research Argument
Authors: SCHACHTER RACHEL E. , FREEMAN DONALD
Published: March 2020

In this essay, Rachel Schachter and Donald Freeman present the familiar problem in studying and improving teaching: how to connect what teachers know and think with what they do as they teach. They outline how research on the public and private worlds of teaching has become bifurcated, with the private side of the work often disconnected from observable practices, and contend that focusing on how public actions and private reasoning are connected is crucial to more fully understanding teaching. They revisit stimulated recall as a research procedure that connects the public and private in teaching, reviewing how it has been used in studying teachers' decision-making and questioning assumptions that generally frame the procedure as a means of data collection. This critique distinguishes stimulated recall as a procedure for collecting data from the claims and the justifications on which it is based. In shifting the basis of the approach, Schachter and Freeman argue that the procedure offers a practical vehicle for researchers to use in both connecting the two worlds and repositioning the role of teachers in the study of their work.
Yetişkin bireylerin sindirim sistemi problemlerinde besin ve bitkisel ürün kullanım durumları
Authors: BARLİN Dilan , ERCAN Aydan
Published: March 2020

Giriş ve Amaç: Bu çalışma yetişkin bireylerin sindirim sistemi problemlerinde kullandıkları besin ve bitkisel ürünleri saptamak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma örneklemi, Aralık 2017-Mart 2018 tarihleri arasında Mersin ilinde bulunan bir devlet hastanesine herhangi bir nedenle başvurmuş, aynı hastanede görevli hekimler tarafından ilaç reçeteleri düzenlenmiş ve ilaç reçetelerini temin etmek amacıyla bir eczaneye gelmiş olan 18-80 yaş arası 196 yetişkin bireyden oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan anket formu kullanılmıştır. Çalışma verileri SPSS 17.0 paket programı ile uygun istatistiksel yöntemler kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: 196 yetişkin bireyin bulunduğu bu çalışmada 120 (%61.2) birey sık karşılaştığı sindirim sistemi yakınması olduğunu bildirmektedir. Bu bireylerin 57’si (%53.8) sindirim sistemi yakınmalarında besin ve bitkisel ürün kullanımı olduğunu bildirmiştir. 63’ü (%70) ise sindirim sistemi yakınmalarında besin ve bitkisel ürün kullanmadığını bildirmiştir. 76 bireyin (%38.8) sık yaşadığı sindirim sistemi yakınması bulunmamaktadır. Ancak yakınması olmayan bireylerin 49’u (%46.2) sindirim sistemi yakınmalarında besin ve bitkisel ürün kullanımı olduğunu bildirmiştir. Sonuç: Sindirim sistemi rahatsızlıkları için, etraftan duyulan, medya veya diğer kitle iletişim araçları üzerinden etkinliği kanıtlanmamış, bitkisel ürünler veya bitkiler kullanmak yerine fiziksel aktiviteyi arttırmak, dengeli ve düzenli beslenmek, yeterli su tüketimini sağlamak, doğru pişirme tekniklerini kullanmak, beslenme alışkanlıklarını düzenlemek gibi basit yaşam tarzı değişiklikleri ile üstesinden gelmek sağlıklı bir yaşam için temel oluşturacaktır.
Study of incidence and clinical presentation of tubercular abdominal emergencies
Authors: Kumar Mahendra
Published: March 2020

Background: Tuberculosis is a common surgical problem in our community. Emergency surgery is usually required and surgical procedure depends upon the location and extent of the disease. Objective of the study was to determine the incidence of abdominal emergencies due to tuberculosis.Methods: This observational study involved 300 patients with abdominal tuberculosis admitted either as a case of acute of subacute abdominal emergencies and tract in Lal Lajpath Rai hospital Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, and associated hospitals. Data was entered into Excel worksheet and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Detailed data of each patient was entered on a Microsoft excel. Data were presented in number and percentages.Results: The maximum number of cases were in third decade of life, age group 21-30. There were 120 males and 180 females. Male to female ratio was 1:1.5. Most of cases not having evidence of tuberculosis. History of pulmonary tuberculosis and abdominal tuberculosis were observed in 25% and 13% of the total cases. Abdominal pain was the commonest symptoms. Generalized pain was present in 136 cases and localized pain was present in 154 cases. 186 cases were presented as subacute intestinal obstruction and 114 cases patients were presented as acute abdomen.Conclusions: Acute abdominal condition is one of the most frequent emergencies, early diagnosis with prompt treatment is essential for a promising prognosis.
On a Segment Partition for Entropy Estimation
Authors: Timofeev Evgeniy Alexandrovich
Published: March 2020

Let \(Q_n\) be a partition of the interval \([0,1]\) defines as\(\begin{array}{l}Q_1 =\{0,q^2,q,1\}.  \\Q_{n+1}' = qQ_n \cap q^2Q_n, \ \Q_{n+1}'' = q^2+qQ_n \cap qQ_n, \ \Q_{n+1}'''= q^2+qQ_n \cap q+q^2Q_n,  \\Q_{n+1} = Q_{n+1}'\cup Q_{n+1}'' \cup Q_{n+1}''',  \end{array}\)where \(q^2+q=1\).The sequence  \(d= 1,2,1,0,1,2,1,0,1,0,1,2,1,0,1,2,1,\dots\) defines as follows.\(\begin{array}{l}  d_1=1, \ d_2=2,\ d_4 =0; d[2F_{2n}+1 : 2F_{2n+1}+1] = d[1:2F_{2n-1}+1];\\ \quad  n = 0,1,2,\dots;\\d[2F_{2n+1}+2 : 2F_{2n+1}+2F_{2n-2}] = d[2F_{2n-1}+2:2F_{2n}];\\d[2F_{2n+1}+2F_{2n-2}+1 : 2F_{2n+1}+2F_{2n-1}+1] = d[1:2F_{2n-3}+1];\\d[2F_{2n+1}+2F_{2n-1}+2 : 2F_{2n+2}] = d[2F_{2n-1}+2:2F_{2n}];\\ \quad n = 1,2,3,\dots;\\  \end{array}\)where \(F_n\) are Fibonacci numbers (\(F_{-1} = 0, F_0=F_1=1\)).The main result of this paper.\({\bf Theorem.}\\Q_n' = 1 - Q_n''' =\left \{ \sum_{i=1}^k q^{n+d_i}, \ k=0,1,\dots, m_n\right\},\\Q_n'' = 1 - Q_n'' = \left\{q^2 + \sum_{i=m_n}^k  q^{n+d_i}, \ k=m_n-1,m_n,\dots, m_{n+1} \right\},\\\)where \(m_{2n} = 2F_{2n-2}, \ m_{2n+1} = 2F_{2n-1}+1\).
Branch and Bound Algorithm for the Traveling Salesman Problem is not a Direct Type Algorithm
Authors: Maksimenko Aleksandr N.
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we consider the notion of a direct type algorithm introduced by V. A. Bondarenko in 1983. A direct type algorithm is a linear decision tree with some special properties. the concept of a direct type algorithm is determined using the graph of solutions of a combinatorial optimization problem. e vertices of this graph are all feasible solutions of a problem. Two solutions are called adjacent if there are input data for which these and only these solutions are optimal. A key feature of direct type algorithms is that their complexity is bounded from below by the clique number of the solutions graph. In 2015-2018, there were five papers published, the main results of which are estimates of the clique numbers of polyhedron graphs associated with various combinatorial optimization problems. the main motivation in these works is the thesis that the class of direct type algorithms is wide and includes many classical combinatorial algorithms, including the branch and bound algorithm for the traveling salesman problem, proposed by J. D. C. Little, K. G. Murty, D. W. Sweeney, C. Karel in 1963. We show that this algorithm is not a direct type algorithm. Earlier, in 2014, the author of this paper showed that the Hungarian algorithm for the assignment problem is not a direct type algorithm. us, the class of direct type algorithms is not so wide as previously assumed.
Abertura relacional e dignidade da pessoa humana: breves considerações sobre a tutela das relações interpessoais como meio de proteção da personalidade
Authors: Altoé Bruna Agostinho Barbosa , De Oliveira José Sebastião
Published: March 2020

Os direitos da personalidade não mais se enclausuram na análise do indivíduo isoladamente considerado. Por isso, é insuficiente a compreensão de que a dignidade do ser humano se resume à proteção dos elementos individualizantes da pessoa. Em realidade, embora também seja essencial a proteção das marcas próprias de cada indivíduo, é preciso reconhecer que deriva da própria condição humana a manutenção de relações interpessoais. A pessoa é um ser naturalmente comunitário, que sempre se insere em alguma abertura relacional. Assim, a tutela da dignidade da pessoa humana passa, também, pela tutela da liberdade das relações interpessoais.
O direito, objeto de paixões?
Authors: Pinto Gerson Neves
Published: March 2020

OST, François. Le droit, objet de passions? I crave the law. Bruxelles: Académie Royale de Belgique, 2018.
Teaching on Jupyter
Authors: Reades Jonathan
Published: March 2020

The proliferation of large, complex data spatial data sets presents challenges to the way that regional science—and geography more widely—is researched and taught. Increasingly, it is not ‘just’ quantitative skills that are needed, but computational ones. However, the majority of undergraduate programmes have yet to offer much more than a one-off ‘GIS programming’ class since such courses are seen as challenging not only for students to take, but for staff to deliver. Using evaluation criterion of minimal complexity, maximal flexibility, interactivity, utility, and maintainability, we show how the technical features of Jupyter notebooks—particularly when combined with the popularity of Anaconda Python and Docker—enabled us to develop and deliver a suite of three ‘geocomputation’ modules to Geography undergraduates, with some progressing to data science and analytics roles.
Żywność wysokoprzetworzona i jej wpływ na zdrowie dzieci i osób dorosłych
Authors: Kapczuk Patrycja , Komorniak Natalia , Rogulska Karolina , Bosiacki Mateusz , Chlubek Dariusz
Published: March 2020

Ostatnie lata uwidoczniły wyraźny trend zdrowego odżywiania. Pomimo dostępności szeregu produktów naturalnych, na rynku występuje mnóstwo żywności wysokoprzetworzonej. Zasadne wydaje się zatem edukowanie społeczeństwa w kontekście rozsądnego konsumpcjonizmu. Celem pracy, był przegląd literatury w zakresie podziału, sposobu działania oraz wpływu najczęściej stosowanych dodatków do żywności na stan zdrowia dzieci i osób dorosłych. Według IŻŻ stan zdrowego odżywienia organizmu można osiągnąć poprzez stosowanie się do zasad zawartych w piramidzie zdrowego żywienia i aktywności fizycznej. Niestety, nawyki żywieniowe zarówno osób dorosłych jak i dzieci odbiegają znacząco od przedstawionych w piramidzie zaleceń. Dodatki do żywności stanowią istotny element procesu wytwórczego, który wzbudza wiele kontrowersji. Dzielą się one m.in. na barwniki, konserwanty (substancje konserwujące) czy przeciwutleniacze. Wymienione substancje mogą kumulować się w organizmie i wywierać na niego negatywne skutki zdrowotne. Przedstawiony przegląd literatury wskazuje na konieczność podjęcia działań profilaktycznych oraz edukacji w zakresie zasad prawidłowego żywienia oraz zagrożeń wynikających ze spożywania żywności wysokoprzetworzonej.
Good Village Governance: Internal Control Model of Village Funds Management
Authors: Susilowati Nurdian , Mahmud Amir , Widhiastuti Ratieh , Rahman- ingtyas Wisudani
Published: March 2020

This study aims to identify the activities and construct an internal control model of village funds management based on the Regulation of Ministry of Home Affairs No. 20 of 2018. The internal control model can be used to actualize good village governance. This study attempts to conduct in-depth interview to village officials and observation in Jambu District, Semarang. Based on the results of this study, the village funds management defines the activities as follows: (a) preparing the budget plan based on the programs set in Village Government Budget (APBDes) proposed as development, government, empowerment, and social activities; (b) carrying out the activities; (c) accountability; and (d) evaluation. Further, the fundamental components of internal control are control environment as the integrity and village officials’ ethics, the leadership of village chief, and the accountability. When village officials possess a strong integrity and ethics, frauds can be minimized. In the other hand, the financial statement is accountable. Besides, the democratic leadership of village chief can increase the accountability and communication so that the policy can be implemented properly as the objectives proposed. Furthermore, it is important to explore the role of society in internal control system of village funds management.
 
Keywords: internal control, village funds management, good village governance