bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance study of cloud computing for scientific applications
Authors: Pranav V , Satish Kumar P , Krishna M
Published: June 2019

I propose the primary visualization of the cost estimate to evaluate the costs of the cloud database in simple and codified cases from the point of view of an occupant in a intermediate term period. Consider the variability of cloud costs and the chances that the database workload will vary in the evaluation time frame. The proposed model is instantiated in relation to some offers of cloud service providers and related authentic costs. Obviously, adaptable encryption affects the costs recognized with the capacity size and system usage of a database advantage.
A frame work for mining huge data by non-expert users with the assistance of knowledge base
Authors: Vijayalakshmi K N V S K , Malathi J , Krishnaveni G
Published: June 2019

Data mining is the examination of (regularly huge) observational enlightening files to find unsuspected associations and to plot the data in novel ways that are both legitimate and valuable to the information proprietor. At the end of the day information mining is a procedure of finding beforehand obscure, beneficial and utilizes designs covered up in information, with no earlier theory. Robotized Data Mining and demonstrating programming gives supervisors a device to perform examinations that generally would should be dealt with by an exceptionally prepared specialist. Robotized information mining systems isn’t to give more exact outcomes yet endeavors to enable non expert clients to accomplish sensible outcomes with least exertion. Data mining is a troublesome and arduous action that requires a lot of mastery for acquiring quality outcomes. We require new techniques for wise information investigation to separate important data with less exertion. For that in this paper we propose an edge work with the assistance of learning base. That will be tried on e-realizing which creates better outcomes.
Data productive collaborative filtering using deep learning based recommender model
Authors: Purna Prakash K , Krishna M , Satya Vijaya M
Published: June 2019

The term Synergistic Filtering is utilized as a spine in all Commercial Recommendation Systems today. Conventional synergistic separating (CF) strategy does not take in thought successions of client’s appraising, which reflects changes of client’s inclination over some stretch of time. The suggestion undertaking is affected by the profound learning pattern which demonstrates its critical effectiveness. The profound learning based recommender models give a superior detainment of client inclinations, thing highlights and clients things connections history. The proposed structure incorporates three segments: a network factorization demonstrates for the watched rating remaking, a bi-grouping model for the client thing subgroup examination. We recognize uninteresting things that have not been assessed yet rather are presumably going to get low evaluations from customers, and particularly attribute them as low regards. One imperative undertaking in our rating induction structure is the assurance of nostalgic introductions (SO) and qualities of sentiment words. It is on the grounds that deducing a rating from a survey is fundamentally done by removing conclusion words in the audit, and afterward amassing the SO of such words to decide the predominant or normal assumption suggested by the client. The proposed structure and recommend that the system does not depend on a substantial preparing corpus to work. Advance improvement of our rating derivation structure is progressing. Trial results demonstrate that the proposed system indicate changes over the conventional community oriented sifting strategy.
Ensemble path finding in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Prasad N , Kanna babu A M K , Krishna rao S
Published: June 2019

A wireless sensor network (WSN) plays the major role in providing the network for the various scenarios. It consists of various nodes and base stations that are used to communicate the nodes and transfer the data from source to destination and in between the nodes. The important parameters of the WSN are accuracy, computation time and shortest path between the nodes. Various existing approaches are available to get the results. But the existing approaches are not performed well. In this paper, the ensemble path finding is implemented to solve issues identified in the existing system. The proposed system shows the performance based on accuracy, computation time and shortest dynamic path.
Implementation of data mining techniques in web of things
Authors: Vihari G. , Prasad N. , Satyanarayana K.
Published: June 2019

Web of Things has been becoming quickly because of late progressions in interchanges and sensor advances. Interfacing an each question together through web looks extremely trouble some, however inside a casing of time Internet of Things will definitely change our life. The tremendous information caught by the web of Things are considered of high business and also social qualities and removing concealed data from crude information, different information mining calculation can be connected to web of things information. In this paper, We study efficient audit of different information mining models and also its application in web of Thing field alongside its benefits and negative marks.
An ensemble integrated mailing system for detecting spam mails
Authors: Pavan G , Lakshmaji K , Krishna Rao S
Published: June 2019

In Internet, today most widely issues occur with security. Security plays the vital role in Internet. Many software and hardware systems are affecting with the security issues. This may cause major problem for the companies to maintain the network securely. Attackers mainly concentrate on attacking the servers and systems with any type of malware and virus to hack the system or mail account. Today the most popular attacking by the attackers are spam mails. This brings lot of security issues if it is implemented in gmail, yahoo and other mail service providers. Spam zombies are the spam activities done by the spam developers to attack the system. In this paper, an ensemble spam mail detection system named ESMDS by observing outgoing and incoming messages of a network. ESMDS is developed based on a powerful analysis tool called Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT). Results show the performance of the ESMDS.
Identification of MITM Attack by Utilizing Artificial Intelligence Mechanism in Cloud Environments
Authors: Ramiah Chowdary P , Challa Yallamanda , Jitendra M S N V
Published: June 2019

Cloud dealing with has changed into an essential bit of the reliably life. It basically made everyone life less troublesome with astounding highlights. To help broadening many of clients and more over keen gadgets, it is depended upon to keep the cloud condition continuously secure and time tested. Scattered handling security has changed into a fundamental testing field at now a day. Here we introduced Man-made consciousness based structure that might be useful for an exposure of man-in-the-middle assault (MITM) in passed on figuring condition. As MITM strike winds up being eminent with the development of time, on the off chance that it is recognized at first, by then the assault might be limited. So we concentrated on assault region fragment to remain the cloud condition utilizing Man-made consciousness technique for thinking. Watchwords—Cloud enrolling condition, Computerized reasoning method of reasoning, MITM strike.
Privacy preserving for global data using ensemble approach
Authors: Mohanrao M , Karthik S
Published: June 2019

Security becomes the most important aspect in current world and also in many applications. In data mining, privacy preserving is one of the global techniques to secure data from various attacks and to providing the data integrity for the data. It is very important that for every data there is need of data sensitivity is required to secure the information and to avoid the data spillage and also the information duplication. In this paper, the Ensemble approach which is integrated with an ensemble privacy preserving for data, maintaining the data sensitivity, providing the security for the data by using encryption technique and preventing the data de-duplication. Results show the performance of the proposed system.
RETRACTED: Big Data Analytics in E-Commerce User Interest Patterns
Authors: Amarnadh V. , Akhila M.
Published: June 2019

The assortment of online buys is always expanding. Offices have recognized the open doors this gives and are progressively more the use of on line channels. With the goal that it will profit capacity clients, organizations frequently endeavor to pick up a superior comprehension by means of web examination. A standout amongst the most useful sources is web log records. Basically, these give an abundance of basic insights around buyer direct on a web webpage, comprehensive of the course or motivate passage to time. Mining these so-known as snap flow measurements inside the greatest finish way has end up being a fundamental assignment in anticipating on line client lead, streamlining sites, and giving customized pointers. Since the scope of customers keeps on expanding, so does the degree of insights log documents created, each as far as size and amount. For beyond any doubt gatherings, the by and by utilized innovation are presently insufficient. This work proposes a total work process that utilizes a grouping calculation in ahadoop surroundings to investigate examples of individual leisure activities. The total work process is demonstrated in an utility circumstance of one in everything about greatest B2B e-exchange (B2B) sites for big business to-business endeavor (B2B). Moreover, a trial appraisal technique is utilized to check the pertinence and proficiency of the arrangement of guidelines utilized alongside the related structure.
A Mobile Ad Hoc Grid is Simulated Using Three Basic Conquering Protocols
Authors: Pandey Nalini , Rajeshwari P.
Published: June 2019

An ad hoc grid mightsubsistamixture containing cellular movable nodes dynamically forming a brief grid while not affecting employment containing any occur grid infrastructure or centralized administration. Variety was containing conquering protocols like aggressive supply conquering (DSR), Adhoc On-Demand Distance Vector conquering (AODV) including Destination-Sequenced Distance- Vector (DSDV) grip enforced.During aforementioned paper, a trial acquire persist created en route being check affecting act containing 2 outstanding on-demand hastydirection-finding obligation being fixed spontaneous networks: DSR including AODV, at affecting side containing affecting standard proactive DSDV protocol.Affectingreproductions were administered through NS2 machine.Affectingperformances containing affecting steering obligation were evaluated via matrices conquering overhead, suspension plus container transmission magnitude relation being various traffic densities including knob mobility’s. Once counterfeit including elaborated search containing affecting consequences, it absolutely found that DSR outperforms higher than unusualdirection-findingset containing rules.
Facial expression classification using Cross Diagonal Neighborhood Pattern
Authors: Obulesu A. , Keerthi R.
Published: June 2019

Facial Expression Recognition has significant applications in the field of Affective Computing. FER has its significant contribution in the fields like human computer interaction, neurology, psychiatry, image processing, computer vision, affective computing, and information security. This work gives unique and robust FER System by extracting unique and robust face features. This work proposes Cross Diagonal Neighborhood Patterns (CDNP) for unique feature extraction. The CDNP features are further processed by Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). The derived CDNP-GLCM features are sent to Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to train various expressions.
Foxm1 Transcription Factor Regulates Lung Adenocarcinoma Development
Authors: Liang Sheng-Kai , Chao Shen-Yang , Li Chien-Cheng , Ip Ka-U , Lin Yi-Kai , Hsu Chia-Chan , Hsu Pei-Chia , Wang I-Ching
Published: June 2019

Foxm1 is a potential transcription factor that is abundantly expressed in highly proliferative human lung cancer cells. Foxm1 also strongly correlates to lung fibrosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to enhance metastatic program during the lung adenocarcinoma development. Foxm1 plays a pivotal role in controlling cell cycle phase through the G1-S-G2 checkpoint. The increasing Foxm1 and K-ras oncogene expression significantly associate with tumor growth and poor prognosis that potentially modulate patient’s mortality in a subject with lung carcinoma. The genetic evidence showed that the silencing of Foxm1 resulted in the decrease in lung tumorigenesis. Thus, Foxm1 may contribute in the future as the potential target for cancer therapy by reducing lung fibrosis, EMT, and tumor cell proliferation to improve patient’s survival rate.
Preliminary Study of Immobilized of Cellulase in Silica from the Rice Husk Ash to Hydrolysis Sugarcane Bagasse
Authors: Utomo Yudhi , Yuniawati Nurakhma , Wonorahardo Surjani , Sumari  , Santoso Aman , Kartika Kusumaningrum Irma , Susanti Evi
Published: June 2019

Cellulase in the production of bioethanol from sugarcane bagasse is used to hydrolyze cellulose into reducing sugars. Cellulase needs to be mobilized in a matrix to improve its efficiency because it can be used repeatedly. The purpose of this study was to conduct a preliminary study of potential cellulase immobilized on silica to hydrolyze sugarcane bagasse including the effect of contact time (15, 45, 60, and 75 minutes) and agitation speeds (50, 100, 150, and 200 rpm) on % immobilization and immobilized cellulase activity against sugarcane bagasse, and also decreased activity of immobilized cellulase after repeated use. Contact time and agitation speeds do not affect % immobilization. The optimum contact time and agitation speeds of immobilized cellulase formation based on its activity were at 15 minutes and 100 rpm. Immobilized cellulase activity in cycles II and III decreased to 75.2% and 58.8% compared to the first cycle. Therefore, immobilized cellulase in silica is good enough to hydrolyze sugarcane bagasse and has the potential to be applied as continue system in the production of bioethanol from sugarcane bagasse.
Making Eucheuma cottonii Doty Jam with Various Palm Sugar Concentrations
Authors: Kurniawati E C , Husamah  , Latifa R , Zaenab S , Permana T I , Fauzi A
Published: June 2019

Seaweed is a biological resource abundantly available in Indonesia, yet it has been hardly used or consumed. This study aimed to analyze the influence of palm sugar [Arenga pinnata (Wumb) Merr.] concentration on the quality of Eucheuma cottonii Doty seaweed jam using true experimental research design. The concentrations of palm sugar were 0%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70%. The results showed that there was an effect of palm sugar concentration on the quality of Eucheuma cottonii Doty seaweed jam. The best treatment in this study was palm sugar concentration of 70%. In this treatment, water content, total sugar, and total soluble solids of seaweed jam were 33.60%, 64.89%, and 54.15%, respectively. In general, the addition of palm sugar improves seaweed jam quality.
Human-Whale Shark Interaction: An Inquiry into Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) for Tourist in Papua and East Java
Authors: Imam Dhiyassalam , Kamal Mohammad M. , Fachrunnisa Rifka
Published: June 2019

The provision of the whale shark (Rhincodon typus) protection status imposed us to formulate an effective interception Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) for the visitor as an effort to manage sustainable fisheries resources. The research was conducted using visual underwater survey (VUS) method and direct observation. The SOP formulation was effectively applied in Kwatisore (Papua) and Probolinggo (East Java) beach. However, the SOP was made differently due to the differences in the behavior of whale sharks and also the differences in the water conditions in both places. The groups of whale sharks in Kwatisore frequently interacted with humans. Besides, Kwatisore has also a clear beach that allows the visitor for diving and snorkeling while the Probolinggo beach has turbid water. As a result of those differences, the content of the SOP also was made distinctively. The SOP in Kwatisore summarized the procedure of touching prohibitions, using flash, making noise and safe distance for swimming with the whale shark, whereas the SOP in Probolinggo was made to control the number and speed of boats also the distance between the boat and the whale sharks while the visitor observes them.
Flavonoid Characterization in Ferns from Baluran National Park
Authors: Sri Sulasmi Eko , Faiqohtun Wuriana Zauhara , Suryaningtya Sari Ratna , Rohmawati Uun
Published: June 2019

Flavonoids belong to the largest group of a phenolic compound found in plants. The presence of these flavonoids is significant for the plants themselves such as protecting plants from UV-B, insect pests, biotic, and abiotic stresses. More than 10,000 varieties of flavonoids have been already identified. Several plants can synthesize flavonoids, one of which is ferns. Cosmopolitan ferns are found in tropical and subtropical regions like Baluran National Park. The ecosystem in Baluran National Park has components that can show different sensitivity level to the factors influencing the environment, either in terms of biotic and abiotic factors. Same species of plants in different environments can be different significantly in their secondary metabolite content. The primary purpose of this research was to determine the types of flavonoids ferns in Baluran National Park. This study was conducted in April-June 2018. The extraction of samples was conducted using 96% methanol solvent and the analysis using the thin layer chromatography. The results showed the fourth type of flavonoid rutin, hyperoside, quercitrin, and quercertin contained inPseudocyclosorrus ochthodes(Kunze) Holttum,Phymatodes scolopendria(Burm.) Ching.Stenochlaena palustris(Burm.), except routine not found inDryopteris hirtipes(Bl.) Kuntze Beddome.Pteris vittataL. does not contain all four types. Types of flavonoids from ferns in Baluran National Park are routine, hyperoxide, quercitrin and quercetin.
Production and Waste Management for Initiation of Green Campus Program at Universitas Negeri Malang
Authors: Novianti Vivi , Wayan Sumberartha I , Amin Muhammad
Published: June 2019

In 2017, Universitas Negeri Malang (UM) was declared as a green campus, which is a concept developed for environmental management. It is necessary to provide data and information on environmental management at UM to support the green campus. One of them is the problem of waste and its management. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount and type of waste, analyze the factors that affect the production and management of waste, and develop waste management strategies at UM. The research approach included surveys, observations, questionnaires, random interviews on all campus elements in nine faculties. The data were processed and analyzed descriptively. The amount of waste generated at UM was 1.5-2.0 tons per day and increased two times higher at a special event. The garbage produced in the form of organic (50%) and inorganic waste (50%). Organic waste consisted of leaves and food scraps, while inorganic waste included plastic (food wrap and bottles of mineral water), cardboard, and paper. The sorting of the type of garbage only occurred inside the campus; it would be re-mixed in landfills. Therefore, waste management at UM has been dominated by a conventional method (collecting, transporting, and disposing of) with landfilling as the final dumping. Some strategies were needed in the form of building the integrated waste management centers, socialization of sustainable campus waste management, integration of environmental knowledge in specific courses in each study program, and green programs carried out jointly by the campus community to realize UM as a green campus.
The Utilization of Plant Diversity by Tengger Tribe around Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Rohman Fatchur , Rahyu Lestari Sri , Hari Utomo Dwiyono , Purwanto  , Juma Yusri , Nur Arifah Siti , Annisa Yuslinda
Published: June 2019

Tengger tribe is one of the tribes in Indonesia that live around Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BTSNP) area. BTSNP area inhabited by the Tengger tribe people is an area in Indonesia with high biodiversity. The local wisdom of the Tengger tribe is in terms of the use of natural resources for various requirements of their lives. This study aimed to explore the utilization of multiple plants by the Tengger tribe in Ngadas and Ranupani villages around BTSNP. This research used surveys and group discussion (GDF) methods involving traditional leaders and some people of the Tengger tribe. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The results showed that the plants used for traditional medicinal materials were 25 species, food sources were 17 species, industrial materials and household were 11 species, building materials were 17 species, ecological functions were nine species, and traditional ritual ceremonies were seven species. The Tengger tribe used the natural resources in the form cultivation plants and non-cultivation plants to support in all aspects of their livelihood.
The Influence of Dominant Bacteria from Various Lakes of East Java, Indonesia on Chlorella sp. Culture
Authors: Prabaningtyas Sitoresmi , Witjoro Agung , Suarsini Endang , Aridowi Dhiyaudin , Safitri Yeni , Sulistiana  , Aribah Dina , Yanis
Published: June 2019

Synergetic bacteria need to be explored which can accelerate the growth of microalgae which have potential as oil producer related to renewable energy. This research aimed to analyze the influence of the dominant bacteria from Ranu Pane (POD code), Ranu Grati (GOD code), Ranu Regulo (ROD code), and the recombinant dominant bacteria from all sampling areas (PGR code) on the growth of Chlorella sp. in co-culture. Also, the individual crosscheck was done by making co-interaction between the predominant bacteria from each and biofuel producing microalgae (Chlorella sp.). The co-culture data between the dominant bacteria species and Chlorella sp. showed that dominant species had different effects on the number of microalgae cells in the co-culture. Thus, co-culture could accelerate the growth of Chlorella sp, extend the log and stationary phases and enhance the environmental carrying capacity.
Sonochemical-Assisted Coprecipitation Synthesis of Body-Centered Tetragonal Mn3O4 Spinel Nanostructures Using Polyethylene Glycol Template Agent
Authors: Hidayat Nurul , Taufiq Ahmad , Sunaryono  , Chuenchom Laemthong
Published: June 2019

The excellent characteristics of Mn3O4 nanomaterials have driven many experts to carry on exploring improved approaches for Mn3O4 fabrication. Herein, Mn3O4 nanostructures have been synthesized via sonochemical-assisted coprecipitation method. Polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) with various concentrations was employed as a surface coating. The combination of coprecipitation and ultrasonication has led to the formation of Mn3O4 nanoparticles which were well-confirmed by three different characterization instruments, i.e., X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) along with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The XRD data collection and analysis reveal the presence of single-phase of Mn3O4 spinels. The Rietveld refinement dictates the establishment of tetragonal distortion along the c-axis creating a body-centered tetragonal spinel structure with a space group of I41/AMDS. In addition, the SEM-EDX and FTIR data support the experimental results obtained by XRD.
Catalytic N2O Decomposition over Cu/Mn/Zn Doped Ceo2 Composite Oxides
Authors: Zhang Yuanyang , Guo Yaqiong , Li Na , Feng Yaoyu
Published: June 2019

Cu/Mn/Zn oxides were firstly prepared by coprecipitation with molar ratio of Cu/Zn, 0.17, and Mn/(Cu+Zn) by 0.0∼0.06, respectively. The temperature of N2O conversion ca. 10% over Cu/Zn and Cu/Mn0.03/Zn was 370°C and 325°C, respectively, by using 6.8(v)% N2O+balanced N2, and GHSV of 30000h−1, indicating the addition of manganese oxide could improve Cu/Zn oxide activity on N2O decomposition. The Cu/Mn/Zn doped CeO2 composite oxides were further prepared with molar ratio of Ce/Cu by 0.0∼1.4. The temperature of N2O conversion ca. 10% over Ce1.0/Cu/Mn0.03/Zn was 260°C as same conditions applied over Cu/Zn and Cu/Mn0.03/Zn samples. Stability test by using simulated mixture, 6.8(v)% N2O+5.0(v)% O2+3.0(v)% H2O+balanced N2, 580°C, GHSV of 30000h−1, showed that N2O conversion remained stable. Characterization demonstrated that the synergistic action of active components was the main origin of Ce1.0/Cu/Mn0.03/Zn sample had good performance on N2O abatement.
Pollution Characteristics and Sources of Fine Particles During a Heavy Haze Episode in Winter: A Case Study of Weinan City
Authors: Zhu Y , Cao N , Wei Z , Zhang Y J
Published: June 2019

Single Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (SPAMS) is used to investigated a heavy haze process in Weinan,2017. Firstly, the fine particles (PM2.5) using ART-2a was analysed and clustered into 8 classes: organic carbon (OC), organics and elemental carbon combined particles (ECOC), elemental carbon (EC), heavy metal (HM), high molecular organic carbon (HOC), K-rich, levoglucosan (Lev) and dust. Secondly, positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to identify the sources of PM2.5. Results from PMF showed that the main six sources of PM2.5 were coal-fired (38.48%), secondary (19.19%), biomass burning (15.04%), industry (9.28%), traffic (5.02%), and dust (5.00%). And it is obvious that the major cause of the atmospheric heavy haze is an unfavorable meteorological conditions such as high humidity and low wind speed, as well as coal-fired pollution and secondary pollution caused by heating and industrial production.
Research and Application of Agricultural Intelligent Standardized Production Management Platform
Authors: Yu Jinying , Ping Yang , Sun Lixin
Published: June 2019

In order to implement the standardization of greenhouse production management model and intelligent early warning mechanism, in this paper, the greenhouse crops such as cabbage and tomato in Beijing Tianjin Hebei region were studied, By studying the standardized process suitable for the safe and efficient production of greenhouse crops cabbage and tomato, a technical knowledge base were established. Combined with the IOT perception system, the author designed the agricultural intelligent standardized production management platform based on the MVC framework. The applicability and practicability of this management platform in the large-scale agricultural park were preliminarily verified, which would help to improve the standardization and scientificity of the production and management of the greenhouse vegetables. The design method of the management platform closely integrated with production management activities has great popularization value.
Research on Comprehensive Benefit Post Evaluation of Photovoltaic Poverty Alleviation Projects Based on FCM and SVM
Authors: Ding Liu , Gege Li , Wei Zeng , Min Sun , Cunbin Li
Published: June 2019

Photovoltaic (PV) Poverty Alleviation makes full use of the solar energy in poverty-stricken areas so as to achieve sTable incomes increase for the poor households for 25 years. It is an advanced mode integrating new energy development, emission reduction and accurate poverty alleviation. Post evaluation of PV poverty alleviation project is of great guiding significance for new energy development planning, poverty alleviation promoting and construction and operation of PV power stations. Under the guidance of the practical experience of PV poverty alleviation in Jiangxi province, China, this paper firstly builds a comprehensive evaluation index system with 7 second-level targets based on the post evaluation theory. Then, considering that projects with different sizes, construction and operation mode have different features in the evaluation, this paper uses pattern recognition method based on fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm and support vector machine to classify the projects. Then comparative analysis is carried out within each class to achieve comprehensive benefits evaluation. The method can reduce the information loss of multi-index weighted aggregation of traditional post evaluation methods. The features of PV poverty alleviation projects are highlighted to help to find the weak points of the projects. So the evaluation results are more scientific and reasonable.
RETRACTED: Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance study of setting mechanism of β-tricalcium phosphate—inositol phosphate composite cements
Authors: Konishi Toshiisa , Yamashita Kohei , Nagata Kohei , Lim Poon Nian , Thian Eng San , Aizawa Mamoru
Published: June 2019

Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a technique, which can be used to provide insight into the chemical structure of non-crystalline and crystalline materials. Hence, the present study aimed to elucidate the setting mechanism of CPC, which was fabricated using β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)—inositol phosphate (IP6) composite powder using NMR In addition, the effect of IP6 on the local chemical structure of the β-TCP-IP6 composite powder and its hardened cement would also be investigated. The 1H→31P heteronuclear correlation NMR spectrum revealed that an amorphous hydrated layer, along with small amount of hydroxyapatite (HA) was formed on the surface of β-TCP during the ball-milling process. Results demonstrated that the IP6 in the hydrated layer on the surface of β-TCP inhibited the formation of HA. Moreover, the setting reaction of the cement was mainly triggered by the dissolution of the amorphous hydrated layer on β-TCP surface, and subsequent precipitation, followed by the inter-entanglement between the HA crystals on the β-TCP.
Absence of giant dielectric permittivity in graphene oxide materials
Authors: Alfonso M , Yuan J , Tardani F , Neri W , Colin A , Poulin P
Published: June 2019

Graphene oxide (GO) is considered as a promising component for electronics because of its unique anisotropy, easy processing and sometimes claimed giant permittivity. The latter would arise from an enhanced electronic polarizability due to the presence of functional groups at the surface and edge of GO flakes. As a matter of fact, a number of publications have reported a very large permittivity of GO materials. Nevertheless, the reported values for the intrinsic relative permittivity vary significantly from a few units to several millions. Such variability raises a critical question on the actual and intrinsic permittivity of GO, and on difficulties of measurements due to the polarization of the electrodes. We presently report impedance spectroscopy characterizations of GO solutions with different solvents. We find very large capacitance at low frequencies, in agreement with previous reports. However, we also show that these results can be interpreted without considering a giant permittivity of GO. Actually, a simple equivalent circuit model allows us to confirm that GO does not have a giant permittivity. We conclude that GO can be used as an electrolyte for supercapacitors, or as a precursor for electrically conductive graphene-based materials, but not as an efficient additive to raise the permittivity of solvents or composites for electronics and energy storage applications.
Meniscus fabrication of halide perovskite thin films at high throughput for large area and low-cost solar panels
Authors: Dai Xuezeng , Deng Yehao , Van Brackle Charles H , Huang Jinsong
Published: June 2019

Halide perovskites have rapidly attracted considerable attention due to unprecedented properties not seen in traditional semiconductors. In addition to their optoelectronic merits, one advantage of perovskite materials is their solution processability, which opens the door to low-cost and high throughput solution coating strategies for the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here we review perovskite film fabrication by meniscus coating—a simple and readily scalable manufacturing technique, including blade coating and slot-die coating. We outline the fundamental fluid mechanisms of meniscus coating, discuss drying and crystallization of perovskite in the coating process, and provide an overview of recent progress in meniscus-coated PSCs.
Multiple Health Risk Behaviors in Young Adult Smokers: Stages of Change and Stability over Time
Authors: Ramo Danielle E , Thrul Johannes , Vogel Erin A , Delucchi Kevin , Prochaska Judith J
Published: June 2019

Background

Health risk behaviors (HRBs) are common, yet not well understood in young adult smokers.

Purpose

We examined HRB profiles over 12 months in young adult smokers participating in a Facebook smoking cessation intervention clinical trial.

Methods

Participants (N = 500; age M = 20.9 years; 54.6% women) were recruited online and randomized to receive either a 3-month Facebook smoking cessation intervention or referral to Smokefree.gov (control). A Health Risk Assessment determined risk for 10 behaviors at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months. Latent class analysis (LCA) and latent transition analysis (LTA) were used to identify patterns of HRBs and changes over time.

Results

At baseline, participants reported an average of 5.4 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.7) risk behaviors, including smoking (100%), high-fat diet (84.8%), poor sleep hygiene (71.6%), and low fruit and vegetable intake (69.4%). A 3-class model fit the data best at baseline and all follow-up time points: low risk (28.8% at baseline) with low likelihood of risk on all behaviors except smoking, substance use risk (14.0% at baseline) characterized by heavy episodic drinking, cannabis use, and other illicit drug use, and metabolic risk (57.2% at baseline), with a high percentage of members at risk for a low fruit and vegetable intake, high-fat diet, inactivity, stress, and poor sleep hygiene. Classes were very stable at 3, 6, and 12 months, with few participants transitioning between classes.

Conclusions

Most young adult smokers engaged in multiple risk behaviors, with meaningful clustering of behaviors, and demonstrated stability over a year’s time. In addition to smoking, targets for intervention are co-occurring substance use and metabolic risk behaviors.

Clinical Trials Registration

NCT02207036.
VII — Genealogy, Epistemology and Worldmaking
Authors: Srinivasan Amia
Published: June 2019

We suffer from genealogical anxiety when we worry that the contingent origins of our representations, once revealed, will somehow undermine or cast doubt on those representations. Is such anxiety ever rational? Many have apparently thought so, from pre-Socratic critics of Greek theology to contemporary evolutionary debunkers of morality. One strategy for vindicating critical genealogies is to see them as undermining the epistemic standing of our representations—the justification of our beliefs, the aptness of our concepts, and so on. I argue that this strategy is not as promising as it might first seem. Instead, I suggest that critical genealogies can wield a sort of meta-epistemic power; in so far as we wish to resist the genealogical critic, we are under pressure to see ourselves as the beneficiaries of a certain kind of good luck: what I call genealogical luck. But there is also a resolutely non-epistemic way of understanding the power of critical genealogies, one that is essential, I argue, for understanding the genealogical projects of various theorists, including Nietzsche and Catharine MacKinnon. For critical genealogies can reveal what it is that our representations do—and what we, in turn, might do with them.
Cutting back malaria: CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing of Plasmodium
Authors: Lee Marcus C S , Lindner Scott E , Lopez-Rubio Jose-Juan , Llinás Manuel
Published: June 2019

CRISPR/Cas9 approaches are revolutionizing our ability to perform functional genomics across a wide range of organisms, including the Plasmodium parasites that cause malaria. The ability to deliver single point mutations, epitope tags and gene deletions at increased speed and scale is enabling our understanding of the biology of these complex parasites, and pointing to potential new therapeutic targets. In this review, we describe some of the biological and technical considerations for designing CRISPR-based experiments, and discuss potential future developments that broaden the applications for CRISPR/Cas9 interrogation of the malaria parasite genome.
A Novel Approach to Evaluate Antibiotic Utilization Across the Spectrum of Inpatient and Ambulatory Care and Implications for Prioritization of Antibiotic Stewardship Efforts
Authors: Frost Holly M , Knepper Bryan C , Shihadeh Katherine C , Jenkins Timothy C
Published: June 2019

Background

Antibiotic overuse remains a significant problem. The objective of this study was to develop a methodology to evaluate antibiotic use across inpatient and ambulatory care sites in an integrated healthcare system to prioritize antibiotic stewardship efforts.

Methods

We conducted an epidemiologic study of antibiotic use across an integrated healthcare system on 12 randomly selected days from 2017 to 2018. For inpatients and perioperative patients, administrations of antibiotics were recorded, whereas prescriptions were recorded for outpatients.

Results

On the study days, 10.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.6%–11.3%) of patients received antibiotics. Of all antibiotics, 54.1% were from ambulatory care (95% CI, 52.6%–55.7%), 38.0% were from the hospital (95% CI, 36.6%–39.5%), and 7.8% (95% CI, 7.1%–8.7%) were perioperative. The emergency department/urgent care centers, adult outpatient clinics, and adult non–critical care inpatient wards accounted for 26.4% (95% CI, 25.0%–27.7%), 23.8% (95% CI, 22.6%–25.2%), and 23.9% (95% CI, 22.7%–25.3%) of antibiotic use, respectively. Only 9.2% (95% CI, 8.3%–10.1%) of all antibiotics were administered in critical care units. Antibiotics with a broad spectrum of gram-negative activity accounted for 30.4% (95% CI, 29.0%–31.9%) of antibiotics. Infections of the respiratory tract were the leading indication for antibiotics.

Conclusions

In an integrated healthcare system, more than half of antibiotic use occurred in the emergency department/urgent care centers and outpatient clinics. Antibiotics with a broad spectrum of gram-negative activity accounted for a large portion of antibiotic use. Analysis of antibiotic utilization across the spectrum of inpatient and ambulatory care is useful to prioritize antibiotic stewardship efforts.
Life-History Traits of a Subtropical Cerambycid Beetle, Ropica honesta (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: Nagamine Keisuke , Kusakabe Yoshiyasu , Tsuchida Takashi , Horiuchi Yuya , Nemoto Yuya , Sato Yoshiki , Shintani Yoshinori
Published: June 2019

Ropica honesta Pascoe is a small-sized cerambycid that has been recorded in tropical to subtropical Asia. In this study, life-history traits were examined for a local population collected from Iriomote Island (24.3°N, 123.8°E), Okinawa, Japan, by rearing insects on artificial diet as larval food. The egg period was 5.9 ± 0.3 d at 25°C. There was no significant difference in the duration of the larval, pupal, and adult preoviposition periods between long-day (14:10 [L:D]) and short-day (12:12 [L:D]) photoperiods at both 20 and 25°C. These periods at 25°C (14:10 [L:D]) were 28.5 ± 1.4, 8.4 ± 0.5, and 9.6 ± 1.9 d (mean ± SD), respectively. The relationship between the developmental rate and temperature followed the law of total effective temperature; thus, the developmental threshold temperature and thermal constant were estimated based on these data. Together with the finding that R. honesta may not have diapause in the egg stage, it is suggested that this beetle does not have diapause in the life cycle. Furthermore, when larvae were reared on natural food (dead twigs of hardwoods) adults emerged from the twigs 47.6 ± 2.9 d after oviposition, and this value was close to the total duration of the egg to pupal periods. Together with the data for annual temperature of the habitat and the fact that food resources for the species (dead twigs and leaves of hardwoods) are available throughout the year, we conclude that R. honesta develops and reproduces all year round, with five generations at maximum.
Multicentre reference values for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging derived ventricular size and function for children aged 0–18 years
Authors: van der Ven J P G , Sadighy Z , Valsangiacomo Buechel E R , Sarikouch S , Robbers-Visser D , Kellenberger C J , Kaiser T , Beerbaum P , Boersma E , Helbing W A
Published: June 2019

Aims

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is an important tool in the assessment of paediatric cardiac disease. Reported reference values of ventricular volumes and masses in the paediatric population are based on small cohorts and several methodologic differences between studies exist. We sought to create steady-state free precession (SSFP) CMR reference values for biventricular volumes and mass by combining data of previously published studies and re-analysing these data in a standardized manner.

Methods and results

A total of 141 healthy children (68 boys) from three European centres underwent cine-SSFP CMR imaging. Cardiac structures were manually contoured for end-diastolic and end-systolic phases in the short-axis orientation according to current standardized CMR post-processing guidelines. Volumes and masses were derived from these contours. Age-related reference curves were constructed using the lambda mu sigma method. Median age was 12.7 years (range 0.6–18.5). We report biventricular volumes and masses, unindexed and indexed for body surface area, stratified by age groups. In general, boys had approximately 15% higher biventricular volumes and masses compared with girls. Only in children aged <6 years old no gender differences could be observed. Left ventricle ejection fraction was slightly higher in boys in this study population (median 67% vs. 65%, P = 0.016). Age-related reference curves showed non-linear relations between age and cardiac parameters.

Conclusion

We report volumetric SSFP CMR imaging reference values for children aged 0–18 years old in a relatively large multi-centre cohort. These references can be used in the follow-up of paediatric cardiac disease and for research purposes.
Problems in Online Dictionary Use for Advanced Slovenian Learners of English
Authors: Farina Donna M T Cr , Vrbinc Marjeta , Vrbinc Alenka
Published: June 2019

This article reports on findings from interviews with students from the University of Ljubljana. The study is based on fourteen questions about participants’ habits of dictionary use, their look-up abilities, and their perceptions of the utility and quality of definitions and illustrative examples. Students were given nine contexts containing a clearly-marked common word used in an infrequent sense; they had to locate the relevant sense in the online Merriam–Webster Learner’s Dictionary (MWLD). A think-aloud method enabled the researchers to follow the students’ look-up process and record their problems as well as their suggestions on how to improve the content and presentation of information in the dictionary. Recommendations are provided on: the improvement of drop-down menus; the inclusion of the form(s) of a target word; illustrative examples; the use of italics, boldface, and colors as well as what types of information should be displayed or available if needed.
Equivalence of Sobolev Norms Involving Generalized Hardy Operators
Authors: Frank Rupert L , Merz Konstantin , Siedentop Heinz
Published: June 2019

We consider the fractional Schrödinger operator with Hardy potential and critical or subcritical coupling constant. This operator generates a natural scale of homogeneous Sobolev spaces, which we compare with the ordinary homogeneous Sobolev spaces. As a byproduct, we obtain generalized and reversed Hardy inequalities for this operator. Our results extend those obtained recently for ordinary (non-fractional) Schrödinger operators and have an important application in the treatment of large relativistic atoms.
Evaluation of HIV-1 reservoir levels as possible markers for virological failure during boosted darunavir monotherapy
Authors: Rutsaert Sofie , De Spiegelaere Ward , De Clercq Laura , Vandekerckhove Linos
Published: June 2019

Background

The gold standard for HIV-1 treatment is to administer triple antiretroviral therapy, but a shift to simplified regimens is being explored. Boosted darunavir monotherapy can be considered for patients who are for specific reasons not good candidates for dual or triple therapy. Still, a number of patients fail virologically or need to switch treatment.

Objectives

To identify predictive markers for those patients that are more likely to sustain virological control under monotherapy, virological and immunological markers were explored in HIV-1-positive patients that experienced virological failure on ritonavir-boosted darunavir monotherapy in the PROTEA trial.

Methods

As a retrospective nested study of the PROTEA study (NCT01448707), we analysed 77 HIV-1-infected patients who were on darunavir/ritonavir 800/100 mg monotherapy up to 96 weeks. Patients were appointed to three distinct cohorts based on viral loads (VLs): (i) undetectable VL after 96 weeks; (ii) very-low-level viraemia (5–39 copies/mL); and (iii) failing treatment. Total HIV-1 DNA, integrated HIV-1 DNA and 2-long terminal repeat circular HIV-1 DNA (2LTR circles) were measured in PBMCs at baseline, week 48 and week 96.

Results

Total HIV-1 DNA and integrated HIV-1 DNA at baseline differed significantly between patients who experienced virological failure on monotherapy (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001). Although a higher level of HIV-1 DNA was measured in failures, this marker by itself does not provide enough predictive value to prospectively predict virological failure in patients on monotherapy.

Conclusions

HIV-1 reservoir markers correlate with therapy failure in ritonavir-boosted darunavir monotherapy. However, their role as a predictive marker combined with other markers in a routine clinical setting should be further explored.
Changing Pedagogy to Improve Skills in Preschools: Experimental Evidence from Peru
Authors: Gallego Francisco A , Näslund-Hadley Emma , Alfonso Mariana
Published: June 2019

Changing pedagogical practices is a promising, cost-effective avenue for improving education in developing countries, especially when done without changing current inputs such as teachers and instruction time. This article presents the results of a randomized evaluation of a program that aimed at changing the pedagogical approach used to teach the existing national mathematics curriculum. The program provides tools to regular preschool teachers to use an inquiry- and problem-based learning approach to tailor instruction to preschoolers in Peru. The results show an improvement of overall mathematics outcomes, which persist for some content areas even one year after the program ended. In contrast to results from previous research that suggest mathematics programs are biased along gender and socioeconomic lines, there is no evidence of differential effects by gender, language spoken at home, or proxies for socioeconomic status. Results also imply persistent stronger impacts on students whose teachers have university degrees.