bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Κριτικός γραμματισμός στο κυπριακό σχολείο: Απόψεις, πρακτικές και στάσεις εκπαιδευτικών
Authors: Kontovourki Stavroula , Ioannidou Elena
Published: November 2013

Η παρούσα εργασία διερευνά τις θέσεις, πρακτικές και στάσεις εκπαιδευτικών δημόσιας εκπαίδευσης σχετικά με την εισαγωγή των νέων προγραμμάτων σπουδών για τη διδασκαλία της Νέας Ελληνικής Γλώσσας, που εφαρμόστηκαν κλιμακωτά στα δημόσια κυπριακά σχολεία από τον Σεπτέμβριο 2011. Βασικότερο σημείο διαφοροποίησης των νέων προγραμμάτων από προηγούμενα, που στηρίζονταν κυρίως σε επικοινωνιακές-λειτουργικές προσεγγίσεις, ήταν η εισαγωγή στη διδασκαλία της γλώσσας της παιδαγωγικής του κριτικού γραμματισμού. Σκοπός, λοιπόν, της εργασίας είναι να παρουσιάσει τις αντιλήψεις, πρακτικές και στάσεις εκπαιδευτικών σχετικά με την εισαγωγή και πραγμάτωση του νέου προγράμματος κατά τον πρώτο χρόνο εφαρμογής του. Για το σκοπό αυτό, αξιοποιήθηκαν και αναλύθηκαν θεματικά ημιδομημένες συνεντεύξεις, που πάρθηκαν από 78 εκπαιδευτικούς δημοτικής εκπαίδευσης κατά το σχολικό έτος 2011-2012. Η ανάλυση των συνεντεύξεων ανέδειξε τα πολλαπλά νοήματα που οι εκπαιδευτικοί απέδιδαν στον όρο κριτικός γραμματισμός, τις διαφορετικές πρακτικές που συνέδεαν με αυτόν και τα σημεία του αναλυτικού προγράμματος στα οποία εντόπιζαν τις πιο κρίσιμες διαφοροποιήσεις του γλωσσικού μαθήματος σε σχέση με το παρελθόν. Η παρούσα εργασία πραγματεύεται αυτά τα σημεία, συζητώντας παράλληλα συνεπαγωγές για την έννοια της αλλαγής στο γλωσσικό μάθημα και την τοποθέτηση των εκπαιδευτικών σε αυτήν.
The Rejuvenation of Inventors Through Corporate Spinouts
Authors: Cirillo Bruno , Brusoni Stefano , Valentini Giovanni
Published: November 2013

This article focuses on corporate spinouts as a strategy that can rejuvenate the inventive efforts of inventors with a long tenure in the same company. We rely on an unbalanced panel of 5,604 inventor-year observations to study a matched sample of 431 inventors employed by the Xerox Corporation and find evidence in support of three predictions. First, inventors who join a spinout increase the extent of exploration in their inventive activities. Second, they decrease the extent to which they rely on the parent organization’s knowledge. Third, because long-tenured employees, through socialization, tend to progressively adopt more exploitative behavior than short-tenured members, they benefit relatively more from the spinout experience. These results are robust to several econometric specifications that try to account for the endogeneity of the inventors’ decision to join the spinout, for the fact that spinouts’ inventive activity may be intrinsically different from that of the parent company, and for the possible presence of novel external stimuli for those who join spinouts. The data provide large-sample evidence consistent with the idea that socialization reduces opportunities for organizational learning; we discuss the implications for theory and practice.
Phytochemical study and insecticidal activity of Mentha pulegium L. oils from Morocco against Sitophilus Oryzae
Authors: Zekri Nadia , Amalich Smail , Boughdad Ahmed , El Belghiti Mohamed Alaoui , Zair Touria
Published: November 2013

There is a growing interest of industry to replace synthetic chemicals by natural products with bioactive properties from plant origin. The aim of this study was to validate the therapeutic properties of Mentha pulegium L. by conducting a phytochemical study, to determine the chemical composition of its essential oils (EO) and evaluate its insecticidal activity against stored cereals pests. Leaves and flowers of M. pulegium L. were collected from three regions of the Moroccan Middle Atlas. Phytochemical tests on pennyroyal aerial parts revealed the presence of gallic tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, sterols and triterpenes and saponins. The chemical composition of essential oils was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The main components were pulegone and piperitenone. The EO from KhÃ©nifra is dominated by pulegone (81.46%), and those from Azrou and M'rirt are rich both in pulegone (68.86 and 71.97%) and piperitenone (24.79% and 26.04%) respectively. Pennyroyal oil has showed an important fumigant effect against Sitophilus oryzae (L.) adults. This effect is influenced by the tested doses and exposure periods. The potential of this plant to be used to control stored product insects was discussed.
Peptidomics of Urine and Other Biofluids for Cancer Diagnostics
Authors: Bauça Josep Miquel , Martínez-Morillo Eduardo , Diamandis Eleftherios P
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. The low diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of most current cancer biomarkers make early cancer diagnosis a challenging task. The comprehensive study of peptides and small proteins in a living system, known as “peptidomics,” represents an alternative technological approach to the discovery of potential biomarkers for the assessment of a wide variety of pathologies. This review examines the current status of peptidomics for several body fluids, with a focus on urine, for cancer diagnostics applications.

CONTENT

Several studies have used high-throughput technologies to characterize the peptide content of different body fluids. Because of its noninvasive collection and high stability, urine is a valuable source of candidate cancer biomarkers. A wide variety of preanalytical issues concerning patient selection and sample handling need to be considered, because not doing so can affect the quality of the results by introducing bias and artifacts. Optimization of both the analytical strategies and the processing of bioinformatics data is also essential to minimize the false-discovery rate.

Peptidomics-based studies of urine and other body fluids have yielded a number of biomolecules and peptide panels with potential for diagnosing different types of cancer, especially of the ovary, prostate, and bladder. Large-scale studies are needed to validate these molecules as cancer biomarkers.
La epidemia de cólera en Garganta de Béjar (1885)
Authors: Feo Parrondo Francisco
Published: November 2013

Las sucesivas epidemias de cólera causaron millones de muertos en Europa en el siglo XIX, de los que unos 800.000 fallecieron en España. Se analiza aquí minuciosamente un caso concreto: el cólera en 1885 en la localidad cacereña de Garganta de Béjar, sus causas, desarrollo, precauciones, mortalidad, medicaciones, etc., bastante representativas de la situación sanitaria española y europea de entonces.
Ressenya de La recerca folklòrica: persones institucions, de Josep Temporal i Laura Villalba (curadors) (Institut Alacantí de Cultura Juan Gil-Albert – Grup d’Estudis Etnopoètics - Arxiu de Tradicions de l’Alguer, Alacant, 2012, 280 pàgines)
Authors: Brotons Rico Vicent
Published: November 2013

Ressenya de La recerca folklòrica: persones institucions, de Josep Temporal i Laura Villalba (curadors) (Institut Alacantí de Cultura Juan Gil-Albert – Grup d’Estudis Etnopoètics - Arxiu de Tradicions de l’Alguer, Alacant, 2012, 280 pàgines)
Parallel Lines as Tools for Making Turbulence Visible
Authors: Hinterwaldner Inge
Published: November 2013

This article discusses how two physicists—Etienne-Jules Marey and Friedrich Ahlborn—visualized turbulence in air and water around 1900. Their depictions are based upon several creative and conceptual presuppositions that can be revealed by comparing the work of the two, each of whom employed a field of parallel-aligned lines to depict results. Their similar means of visualizing comparable phenomena turn out to function differently, however, depending on the differences in the ways these lines were conceived and made.
Twice Written, Never Read
Authors: Bjørnstad Hall
Published: November 2013

Why exactly did Blaise Pascal carry with him the testimony of a life-transforming religious experience written in two slightly different versions and hidden in the lining of his coat? By tracing the unease with which this question has been met—or most often, dodged—by 350 years’ worth of readers, this essay argues that Pascal’s so-called Mémorial still today presents us with the necessity to rethink the commemorative and transformative function of texts in general.
Paternally inherited ABCC8 mutation causing diffuse congenital hyperinsulinism
Authors: Chandran Suresh , Yap Kok Peng Fabian , Rajadurai Victor Samuel , Te Lu Yap , Chang Kenneth T E , Flanagan S E , Ellard S , Hussain Khalid
Published: November 2013

background: Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is a rare genetic disorder characterised by inappropriate insulin secretion in the face of severe hypoglycaemia. There are two histological subtypes of CHI namely diffuse and focal. Diffuse CHI is most common due to recessive mutations in ABCC8/KCNJ11 (which encode the SUR/KIR6.2 components of the pancreatic β-cell KATP channel) whereas focal CHI is due to a paternally inherited ABCC8/KCNJ11 mutation and somatic loss of heterozygosity for the 11p allele inside the focal lesion. Fluorine-18-l-dihydroxyphenylalanine positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-DOPA-PET/CT) is used in the pre-operative localisation of focal lesions prior to surgery. Diffuse CHI if medically unresponsive will require a near total pancreatectomy whereas focal CHI will only require a limited lesionectomy, thus curing the patient from the hypoglycaemia.

Aims: To report the first case of genetically confirmed CHI in Singapore from a heterozygous paternally inherited ABCC8 mutation.

Methods/Results: A term male infant presented with severe hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (HH) after birth and failed medical treatment with diazoxide and octreotide. Genetic testing (paternally inherited mutation in ABCC8/p.D1472N) suggested focal disease, but due to the unavailability of 18F-DOPA-PET/CT to confirm focal disease, a partial pancreatectomy was performed. Interestingly, histology of the resected pancreatic tissue showed changes typical of diffuse disease.

Conclusion: Heterozygous paternally inherited ABCC8/KCNJ11 mutations can lead to diffuse or focal CHI.

Learning points

HH is a cause of severe hypoglycaemia in the newborn period.

Paternal mutations in ABCC8/KCNJ11 can lead to diffuse or focal disease.

18F-DOPA-PET/CT scan is the current imaging of choice for localising focal lesions.

Gallium-68 tetra-aza-cyclododecane-N
N′N″N-‴-tetra-acetate octreotate PET scan is not a useful imaging tool for localising focal lesions.

The molecular mechanism by which a heterozygous ABCC8 mutation leads to diffuse disease is currently unclear.

Focal lesions are curable by lesionectomy and so genetic studies in patients with HH must be followed by imaging using 18F-DOPA-PET/CT scan.
An evolving understanding of nuclear receptor coregulator proteins
Authors: Millard Christopher J , Watson Peter J , Fairall Louise , Schwabe John W R
Published: November 2013

Nuclear receptors are transcription factors that regulate gene expression through the ligand-controlled recruitment of a diverse group of proteins known as coregulators. Most nuclear receptor coregulators function in large multi-protein complexes that modify chromatin and thereby regulate the transcription of target genes. Structural and functional studies are beginning to reveal how these complexes are assembled bringing together multiple functionalities that mediate: recruitment to specific genomic loci through interaction with transcription factors; recruitment of enzymatic activities that either modify or remodel chromatin and targeting the complexes to their chromatin substrate. These activities are regulated by post-translational modifications, alternative splicing and small signalling molecules. This review focuses on our current understanding of coregulator complexes and aims to highlight the common principles that are beginning to emerge.
Music Cue Archetypes in the Film Scores of Elmer Bernstein
Authors: Meyer Donald C.
Published: November 2013

At first glance, Elmer Bernstein's compositional style seems far removed from the musicodramatic legacy of the nineteenth century. Unlike the first generation of film composers like Max Steiner and Alfred Newman, Bernstein (1922–2004) and most others of his generation learned their craft by scoring for radio, not the Broadway or operatic stage. The leitmotif-heavy scores of composers like Erich Korngold were becoming outdated by the time Bernstein began scoring films in the 1950s. Although Bernstein created one of the great traditional film scores of the 1950s in The Ten Commandments (1956), in later interviews he suggested that this was not in accord with his own compositional instincts; the Wagnerian approach he used in that film was demanded of him by the film's director, Cecil B. DeMille. Indeed, Bernstein was one of the leaders in the move away from this older style, helping to redefine the role of jazz in film music (The Man with the Golden Arm, 1955) and demonstrating the effectiveness of the smaller, more intimate chamber-music score (To Kill A Mockingbird, 1962). Still, it is also true that Bernstein wrote some of the most memorable themes in the history of film music, and thus it is possible to see traces of older film composing strategies in his scores. Especially in the comedic films of the late 1970s and early 1980s--which Bernstein insisted should be scored "straight"--we hear music cues that are clear descendants of the generic theme types that appeared in such Silent-Era books as The Sam Fox Moving Picture Music, themes that J.S. Zamecnik might think of as "Festival Marches," "Hurries," and one of any number of exotic types. Bernstein's great gift as a melodist, his astute judgment regarding the placement of music in the films he scored, and above all, his sophisticated dramatic and comedic instincts have ensured a prominent position for him in the history of film composition, but this position is best understood in terms of historical continuity rather than revolution.
“Regeneration” in Rebecca
Authors: Platte Nathan
Published: November 2013

The music of Alfred Hitchcock and David O. Selznick’s Rebecca flows from many sources. In addition to Franz Waxman’s original music, eighteen passages are drawn from nine other films. This practice of transplanting old scores into new films relates back to the compiled scores of theatrical melodrama and silent film, but its consequences in Rebecca, a film centered on an unnamed heroine whose trials were intended—in the words of Selznick— to “make every woman say ‘I know just how she feels,’” are especially complex. Close study of the film and its production documents reveals that these recycled passages alternately clarify and complicate the heroine’s characterization and Waxman’s artistic control over the scoring process.
Towards a Theory of Musicodramatic Practice in Film
Authors: Revill David
Published: November 2013

Preliminary considerations are set out for a reassessment of the lineage of music for motion pictures, its cultural or social significance, and adequate methods for its analysis. These considerations mostly take the form of metaquestions of a methodological nature. Some of the strands in the development of the “language” of film, and film music specifically, are identified. Awareness of the shortcomings of a given monolithic explanation may lead not to a more refined explanation but to substituting a different single cause. Importantly, the field of study encompasses different generations of film music and film composer, each with differing priorities and limitations. Certain trends and key individuals create a weighting or gravitational pull in favor of certain expectations and conventions. The potential relevance of phenomenological method is considered. The impact of conceptual lag on methodology is examined. The central question becomes: What is specific to music in film compared to other types of music?
La protección radiológica en la industria nuclear española durante el franquismo, 1939-1975
Authors: Menéndez-Navarro Alfredo , Vázquez Luis Sánchez
Published: November 2013

En los debates sobre la controversia nuclear pocas veces se presenta en primera plana la cuestión de la seguridad laboral en las instalaciones radiactivas, históricamente relegada a un segundo plano frente a la atención a los potenciales daños a la población general. Con objeto de cubrir parcialmente ese vacío historiográfico, este trabajo se acerca al desarrollo de la protección radiológica laboral en España durante la dictadura del general Franco (1939-1975). Para ello, se repasa el surgimiento de las medidas de protección radiológica en el ámbito internacional y el posterior desarrollo legislativo en el caso español, proceso paralelo al crecimiento del programa nuclear nacional. Finalmente, son exploradas las principales evidencias del impacto de las radiaciones ionizantes sobre la población laboral española.
Historia natural y temporalización: consideraciones sobre la Historia natural de Buffon
Authors: Galfione María Verónica
Published: November 2013

Presenta una relectura de la Historia natural de Buffon a la luz de los conceptos de reversibilidad e irreversibilidad temporal. El objetivo es determinar hasta qué punto Buffon introduce en dicha obra una concepción transformista de las formas naturales. A tales efectos, se analizan los puntos principales de la historia natural clásica y de la doctrina de los gérmenes preformados. Posteriormente, se considera el uso de la variable temporal que realizaba Buffon. Se demuestra, a partir de este examen, que pese a su rechazo de la teoría preformista y del sistema escolar de clasificación, Buffon continúa utilizando categorías que remiten a una matriz temporal de carácter reversible.
A dinâmica hospitalar da Maternidade Dr. João Moreira, em Fortaleza, nas primeiras décadas do século XX
Authors: Medeiros Aline da Silva
Published: November 2013

A Maternidade Dr. João Moreira, primeiro hospital dedicado a mulheres em Fortaleza, foi criada em março de 1915. Seus objetivos eram diminuir os índices de mortalidade durante o parto e inserir o corpo feminino como objeto da prática médica em Fortaleza. Para isso, disponibilizava suas enfermarias tanto para o atendimento das mulheres da cidade quanto para a realização de curso de formação de parteiras. Neste trabalho, analisamos dinâmicas internas dessa instituição: sua organização espacial, seus regimes de cura e disciplina, sua relação com as pacientes, sua equipe hospitalar etc. A consulta de registros estatísticos e de casos clínicos produzidos por médicos auxiliou o estudo desse que foi um dos principais marcos do desenvolvimento da obstetrícia no Ceará.
Quetelet, el hombre medio y el saber médico
Authors: Caponi Sandra
Published: November 2013

Analizo, a partir de dos libros de Adolphe Quetelet, su teoría del 'hombre medio' o que permite asociar la normalidad biológica y social a la frecuencia de aparición de determinadas características poblacionales. Los libros son:Sur l'homme et le développement de ses facultés yDu systeme social et des lois qui le régissent. Ambos muestran que las ideas de Quetelet están atravesadas por estrategias explicativas próximas a la física y a la astronomía, y también por estrategias discursivas próximas a la teología y a la religión. La estabilidad de la media por oposición a la dispersión de las características y hechos individuales servirá de fundamento para el uso de las estadísticas en las ciencias sociales y en la medicina.
Phylogenetic revision of the Late Ordovician orthid brachiopod generaPlaesiomysandHebertellafrom Laurentia
Authors: Wright David F. , Stigall Alycia L.
Published: November 2013

The orthidine brachiopod generaPlaesiomysandHebertellaare significant constituents of Late Ordovician benthic marine communities throughout Laurentia. Species-level phylogenetic analyses were conducted on both genera to inform systematic revisions and document evolutionary relationships. Phylogenetic analyses combined discrete and continuous characters, from which character states were determined using a statistical approach, and utilized both cladistic and Bayesian methodologies.Plaesiomys cutterensis,P. idahoensis, andP. occidentalisare herein recognized as distinct species rather than subspecies ofP. subquadratus. Similarly,Hebertella montoyensisandH. prestonensisare recognized as distinct species separate fromH. occidentalis, andH. richmondensisis recognized as a distinct species rather than a geographical variant ofH. alveata.Hebertella subjugatais removed from its tentative synonymy withH. occidentalisand revalidated.

The development of species-level evolutionary hypotheses forPlaesiomysandHebertellaprovides a detailed framework for assessing evolutionary and paleobiogeographic patterns of Late Ordovician brachiopods from Laurentia. The geographic range ofHebertellaexpanded throughout Laurentia during the Richmondian into both intracratonic and marginal basins.Plaesiomys subquadratusparticipated in the Late Ordovician Richmondian Invasion. The recovered phylogenetic topology forPlaesiomyssuggests thatP. subquadratusmay have migrated into the Cincinnati region from a basin situated to the paleo-northeast.
Abyssal benthic foraminifera in the eastern equatorial Pacific (IODP EXP 320) during the middle Eocene
Authors: Takata Hiroyuki , Nomura Ritsuo , Tsujimoto Akira , Khim Boo-Keun , Chung Ik Kyo
Published: November 2013

We report on the faunal transition of benthic foraminifera during the middle Eocene at Site U1333 (4862 m water depth, 3,560–3,720 m paleo-water depth) of Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 320 in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. During the period ∼41.5–40.7 Ma, which includes carbonate accumulation event 3 (CAE-3), the benthic foraminiferal accumulation rate (BFAR) increased gradually and then it declined rapidly. In contrast, BFAR was considerably lower during ∼40.7–39.4 Ma, corresponding to the middle Eocene climatic optimum (MECO), and then it increased during ∼39.3–38.4 Ma, including CAE-4. Diversity (E [S200]) was slightly lower in the upper part of the study interval than in the lower part. The most common benthic foraminifera wereNuttallides truempyi,Oridorsalis umbonatus, andGyroidinoidesspp. in association withGlobocassidulina globosaandCibicidoides grimsdaleiduring the period studied.Quadrimorphina profundaoccurred abundantly withN. truempyi,O. umbonatus, andG. globosaduring ∼39.4–38.4 Ma, including CAE-4, although this species was also relatively common in the lower part of the study interval.Virgulinopsis navarroanusandFursenkoinasp. A, morphologically infaunal taxa, were common during ∼38.8–38.4 Ma, corresponding to the late stage of CAE-4. Based on Q-mode cluster analysis, four sample clusters were recognized and their stratigraphic distributions were generally discriminated in the lower and upper parts of the study interval. Thus, there was only a small faunal transition in the abyssal eastern equatorial Pacific during the middle to late-middle Eocene. The faunal transition recognized in this study may be related to recovery processes following intense carbonate corrosiveness in the eastern equatorial Pacific during MECO.
Paleoenvironmental and paleobiogeographical implications of a middle Pleistocene mollusc assemblage from the marine terraces of Baía Das Pipas, southwest Angola
Authors: Sessa Jocelyn A. , Callapez Pedro M. , Dinis Pedro A. , Hendy Austin J. W.
Published: November 2013

Quaternary raised marine terraces containing the remains of diverse, shallow water marine invertebrate faunas are widespread across the coast of Angola. These deposits and faunas have not been studied in the same detail as contemporaneous features in northwest and southernmost Africa. We analyzed the fossil assemblages and sedimentology of two closely spaced middle Pleistocene marine terrace deposits in Baía das Pipas, southwest Angola. This revealed 46 gastropod and 29 bivalve species, along with scleractinian corals, encrusting bryozoans, polychaete tubes, barnacles, and echinoids. The fauna is characteristic of intertidal and nearshore rocky substrates and sandy soft-bottom habitats. Sedimentological analysis is consistent with faunal data and indicates an upper shoreface paleoenvironment along a gravel coast. This diverse fauna stands out as a rare example of a marine Pleistocene assemblage from over 6,000 km of the West African coast. The assemblage is dominated by extant tropical West African molluscs, including species from the “Senegalese fauna” that colonized northern Africa and beyond during Pleistocene interstadials. Additionally, as along the modern coast of the Namibe Desert, the influence of the cool-water Benguela Current is apparent in the paleofauna by the occurrence of a few temperate species. The distribution and thermal tolerances of extant species identified in the Pipas fauna indicate that this region experienced similar climatic and oceanographic conditions as that of the present during this interstadial. Seasonal temperature varied between ∼20 and 28°C and resulted from upwelling in this tropical setting.
Morphological variability and phylogeny of the upper Tithonian–Berriasian Vallupinae (Radiolaria) from the Mariana Trench
Authors: Li Rui Qing , Sashida Katsuo
Published: November 2013

As one of the highly diversified radiolarian groups in the Mesozoic, Vallupinae occurred widely in the tuffaceous claystone from the Mariana Trench of the upper Tithonian–Berriasian where the specimens are extremely well-preserved. The occurrence of diversified Vallupinae presented here is further evidence that the range of Vallupinae extends to Berriasian. The stratigraphic range and proposed possible phylogenetic relationships within the Subfamily Vallupinae are provided and 17 radiolarian species of this subfamily are presented, including three new species:Vallupus gracilis,Mesovallupus brevispina, andNeovallupus mediforma.
Proliferation of Oberhauserellidae during the recovery following the Late Triassic extinction: paleoecological implications
Authors: Clémence Marie-Emilie , Hart Malcolm B.
Published: November 2013

A paleoecological study of benthic foraminifera through the lower Hettangian in the Doniford Bay section (west Somerset, U.K.) is presented. The sudden and brief appearance of Oberhauserellidae in the aftermath of the Late Triassic extinction is defined as a proxy for environmental perturbations indicating severe biotic stress conditions. Oberhauserellidae, associated with the genus Reinholdella are distinguished from other species by a high abundance, low diversity, high dominance and an abnormally small size. This suite of characters mimics an opportunistic behavior where these r-strategists and grazer feeders maximize their full ecological potential at a time of low-oxygen conditions on the sea-floor and a high food supply: both of which appear to be the main triggers of this paleoecological change. The disappearance of these opportunistic benthic foraminifera coincides with the appearance of infaunal, low-oxygen-tolerant generalists, and the restoration of stable environmental conditions (e.g., well-stratified water mass and oligotrophic conditions), characterizing the initial stages of recovery following the Late Triassic extinction event.
Reinterpretation of the Cambrian ‘bryozoan’ Pywackia as an octocoral
Authors: Taylor Paul D. , Berning Björn , Wilson Mark A.
Published: November 2013

Pywackia baileyi Landing in Landing et al., 2010, from the upper Cambrian Yudachica Member of Oaxaca State, southern Mexico, consists of small, phosphatic, proximally tapering cylindrical rods covered by shallow polygonal calices. The bryozoan-like morphology of this fossil prompted its interpretation as the first bryozoan known from the Cambrian. However, restudy of some of the original material, employing scanning electron microscopy for the first time, questions the assignment of Pywackia to the Bryozoa. Striking similarities between Pywackia and the modern pennatulacean octocoral Lituaria lead to an alternative hypothesis interpreting Pywackia an early fossil octocoral. While Pywackia is probably not a true pennatulacean, a group with a definitive fossil record stretching back only to the Late Cretaceous, it can be envisaged as having had a similar skeletal structure and ecology to Lituaria, the rods representing mineralized axes of tiny colonies that lived with their proximal ends buried in the sediment and distal ends covered by feeding polyps. Landing et al. (2010) considered the phosphatic composition of Pywackia specimens to be the result of diagenetic replacement, but the evidence is equivocal. If Pywackia had a primary phosphatic skeleton, this would support the hypothesized existence of phosphatic biomineralization early in the evolutionary history of Cnidaria, as well as providing further evidence that Pywackia is not a bryozoan.
Quantifying the process and abruptness of the end-Permian mass extinction
Authors: Wang Yue , Sadler Peter M. , Shen Shu-zhong , Erwin Douglas H. , Zhang Yi-chun , Wang Xiang-dong , Wang Wei , Crowley James L. , Henderson Charles M.
Published: November 2013

Studies of the end-Permian mass extinction have suggested a variety of patterns from a single catastrophic event to multiple phases. But most of these analyses have been based on fossil distributions from single localities. Although single sections may simplify the interpretation of species diversity, they are susceptible to bias from stratigraphic incompleteness and facies control of preservation. Here we use a data set of 1450 species from 18 fossiliferous sections in different paleoenvironmental settings across South China and the northern peri-Gondwanan region, and integrate it with high-precision geochronologic data to evaluate the rapidity of the largest Phanerozoic mass extinction. To reduce the Signor-Lipps effect, we applied constrained optimization (CONOP) to search for an optimal sequence of first and last occurrence datums for all species and generate a composite biodiversity pattern based on multiple sections. This analysis indicates that an abrupt extinction of 62% of species took place within 200 Kyr. The onset of the sudden extinction is around 252.3 Ma, just below Bed 25 at the Meishan section. Taxon turnover and diversification rates suggest a deterioration of the living conditions nearly 1.2 Myr before the sudden extinction. The magnitude of the extinction was such that there was no immediate biotic recovery. Prior suggestions of highly variable, multi-phased extinction patterns reflect the impact of the Signor-Lipps effect and facies-dependent occurrences, and are not supported following appropriate statistical treatment of this larger data set.
A Disorder of a Vulnerable Self: Anorexia Nervosa Patients’ Understanding of Disorder and Self in the Context of fMRI Brain Scanning
Authors: Coman Alina , Skårderud Finn , Hofmann Bjørn M.
Published: November 2013

In this article, we aim to explore patient perspectives regarding the etiology of anorexia nervosa (AN) in the context of participating in brain research for AN. This is a qualitative study using semistructured interviews with 12 young AN patients. Data were analyzed according to thematic analysis method. This study shows that patients’ language used to express their understanding of the etiology of AN was characterized by psychological terms such as personality, self-esteem, control, and coping rather than neuroscientific terms.

Participants held a complex understanding of the causes of AN, acknowledging a brain–mind relationship. However, participants expressed the hope that brain sciences could contribute to identify an objective, physical proof for AN, that would validate their illness, increase understanding, and reduce blame. The study suggests that prevailing biological explanations promoted by brain research did not encourage simplistic perspectives on causation among patients. Instead, patients viewed biological-based theories and brain science as a means of validating their illness.
The ecology of trunk-to-trunk leaping in Saguinus fuscicollis: implications for understanding locomotor diversity in Callitrichines
Authors: Garber Paul A. , McKenney A. C. , Mallott E. K.
Published: November 2013

Several species of callitrichines (tamarins, marmosets, and callimicos) are reported to frequently leap between vertical supports when foraging and traveling in the forest understory. In the present study, we examine trunk-to-trunk leaping in a wild group of four habituated adult saddleback tamarins (Saguinus fuscicollis weddelli) in northern Bolivia. From June through July, 2011 we analyzed 200 leaps in which the tamarins moved between vertical supports. On average, takeoff height was 4.1 m (±1.3 m, range 1-7.5 m). During the airborne phase of travel the monkeys lost an average of 0.5 m (±0.5 m) at contact with the landing support, and the mean distance leapt was 1.4 m (± 0.7 m). We found no correlation between the diameter at breast height (DBH) of landing and takeoff supports, and either the distance leapt or height gained/lost during leaping. Across callitrichine taxa, it appears that ecological distinctions in diet, patterns of habitat utilization, and predator avoidance strategies have played an important role in understanding the frequency and context of trunk-to-trunk leaping behavior.
Distribution, habitat and status of the white-coated titi monkey (Callicebus pallescens) in the Chaco - Chiquitano forests of Santa Cruz, Bolivia
Authors: Rumiz Damián I
Published: November 2013

In order to review the distribution and status of the Chacoan or white-coated titi monkey in Bolivia, I examined 60 available records of Callicebus and the vegetation types where they occurred in southern Santa Cruz. Based on the color pattern of photographed individuals, their location and basic ecological data, I characterized the range of Callicebus pallescens as extending from the Río Parapetí, across most of the Kaa Iya Park up to the Pantanal of Rio Negro, and inhabiting semiarid Chaco forests (475 mm of rainfall) with tree-like cacti, dry transitional Chaco and Chiquitano forests (<625-800 mm), up to subhumid seasonally flooded riverine forests of the Pantanal (1,000 mm). In the subhumid and humid forests North of Kaa Iya and near Santa Cruz city, C. pallescens is replaced by the gray titi monkey C. donacophilus, which can be recognized by a darker and more contrasting color pattern. However, the geographic limit between the two species is poorly known and confounded by current deforestation. Likewise, the identity of Callicebus from the eastern Chiquitano forest and Pantanal in the Bolivia-Brazil border is also confusing and needs to be studied.
Primates of the Lower Urubamba Region, Peru, with comments on other mammals
Authors: Gregory Tremaine , Rueda Farah Carrasco , Deichmann Jessica L. , Kolowski Joseph , Alonso Alfonso
Published: November 2013

We present data on encounter rates and group sizes of primates in the Lower Urubamba Region of Peru, an unprotected area little represented in the literature. We censused a total of 467.7km on 10 transects during two seasons and documented nine primate species in the area. Compared to nearby protected areas, group encounter rates were lower and group sizes were smaller for all species except Saguinus fuscicollis and S. imperator. Relatively high abundance of S. imperator and low abundance of larger bodied primates is a possible example of density compensation resulting from hunting pressure. In addition to the primates, 23 other mammal species were observed or photographed by camera traps, including Procyon cancrivorus, which was not previously reported in the area.
Indícios de predação de ovos de Caiman crocodilus (jacaré tinga) por Saimiri sp. (macaco de cheiro)
Authors: Barboza Rafael Sá Leitão , Costa José Francisco Reis , Andrade Alfredo Fonseca , Pezzuti Juarez Carlos Brito , Rebêlo George Henrique
Published: November 2013

No abstract
Correção da distribuição geográfica do parauacu-cinza (Pithecia irrorata Gray 1842) no limite sudoeste da Amazônia Brasileira
Authors: Sampaio Ricardo , Hack Robson Odeli Espíndola , Aguiar Kurazo Mateus Okada , Kuniy Adriana Akemi , Silva Jr José Sousa
Published: November 2013

No abstract
Predation attempt on a road-killed brown-eared woolly opossum (Caluromys lanatus) by a black-horned capuchin (Sapajus nigritus)
Authors: Palmeira Francesca Belem Lopes , Pianca Camila Camara
Published: November 2013

No abstract
Parasitos gastrointestinales en el mono choro cola amarilla (Oreonax flavicauda) y el mono nocturno andino (Aotus miconax) en Amazonas, Peru
Authors: Larrañaga Jéssica Sánchez , Shanee Sam
Published: November 2013

No abstract
Alouatta caraya: nuevo sitio de estudio en Argentina
Authors: Bruno Gabriela , Milozzi Carola , Mudry Marta D.
Published: November 2013

No abstract
Design of a Control System for Magnetic Plate-type Precision Seeding Production Line Based on PLC and MCU
Authors: Xiaoyue Yan , Jianping Hu , Jun Ma , Xun Wang
Published: November 2013

Based on the magnetic seed-metering principle, a new magnetic plate-type precision seeder and seeding production
line were developed to meet the requirements of precision seeding. The control system was designed based on
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and Mico Controller Unit (MCU). Automatic programming techniques, sensor
technology, acceleration and deceleration control of step motor were integrated into the system. The PLC control system
controls the workflow of the production line to realize accurate positioning of the tray and its coordination. The MCU
control system controls the flip of the sowing board, as well as the up-and-down movement of the seed case for whole tray
seed-filling and sowing. Seeding tests for the magnetic powder coated rape seeds showed that the rates of single-seeding,
over-seeding and miss-seeding were 90.2778%, 4.6875% and 5.0347% respectively. The seeding speed was up to 14s per
tray. This result meets the requirements of precision seeding.
Painful Skin Ulcers in a Hemodialysis Patient
Authors: Sprague Stuart M.
Published: November 2013

Calciphylaxis, also referred to as calcific uremic arteriolopathy, is a relatively rare but well described syndrome that occurs most commonly in patients with late stage CKD. It is characterized by very painful placques or subcutaneous nodules and violaceous, mottled skin lesions that may progress to nonhealing ulcers, tissue necrosis, and gangrene with a 1-year mortality rate >50%. The pathogenesis of calciphylaxis is poorly understood. Risk factors include female sex, obesity, hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia, hyperparathyroidism, longer dialysis vintage, hypercoagulable states, and use of calcium-containing phosphate binders and warfarin. Treatment strategies for calciphylaxis are limited by inadequate understanding of its pathophysiology. Therapy is generally focused on correcting disturbances of calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone metabolism. Additional therapy focuses on decreasing inflammation and on dissolution of tissue calcium deposits with sodium thiosulfate and/or bisphosphonates. Successful treatment generally results in improvement of pain and healing of the lesions within 2–4 weeks, but the disorder generally takes many months to completely resolve.
Professional Development Research
Authors: Hill Heather C. , Beisiegel Mary , Jacob Robin
Published: November 2013

Commentaries regarding appropriate methods for researching professional development have been a frequent topic in recent issues of Educational Researcher as well as other venues. In this article, the authors extend this discussion by observing that randomized trials of specific professional development programs have not enhanced our knowledge of effective program characteristics, leaving practitioners without guidance with regard to best practices. In response, the authors propose that scholars should execute more rigorous comparisons of professional development designs at the initial stages of program development and use information derived from these studies to build a professional knowledge base. The authors illustrate with examples of both a proposed study and reviews of evidence on key questions in the literature.
Water Quality Assessment of Sukhna Lake of Chandigarh City of India
Authors: Chardhry P. , Sharma M. P. , Bhargava Renu , Kumar S. , Dadhwal P.J.S.
Published: November 2013

The Sukhna Lake of Chandigarh City is a man-made lake situated in the foothills of the Shivalik range in the north-east corner of the city. This urban lake is one of the prime tourist places of the ‘City Beautiful’ and is mainly used for recreational purposes like boating, morning and evening strolls, exercises, food plaza and sightseeing. The catchment of the lake is mainly hilly and erosion prone, with the Sukhna wildlife sanctuary comprising a major portion of it. The water quality index of the lake water and its dependence on catchment characteristics has been studied. By using the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI) and Overall Index of Pollution (OIP), the results of the water quality assessment have found the lake water as having ‘good’ and ‘acceptable’ quality respectively based on past seven years’ data. During the last few years, construction activities in the catchment area have speeded up and a few invasive alien plant species have come up in the lake. Inflow of untreated domestic waste water from nearby villages in the catchment, particularly during the rainy season, seems to be the main reason for the weed problem in the lake. Strict enforcement of ban on new construction activities and preventing the release of untreated domestic waste water from the villages located in the catchment are the absolute necessary steps for maintaining and improving the lake water quality.Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and EnvironmentVol. 12, 2013, JanuaryPage: 26-31DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v12i0.9028Uploaded Date : 10/28/2013
Local Response to Conservation Practices in Use for the Protection of Tinau River, Nepal
Authors: Dahal Khet Raj , Guragain Hari Parsad
Published: November 2013

A study was undertaken to identify the pressing problems in the Tinau River and to suggest ways to overcome the various problems such as pollution, riverbed extraction, bank erosion and threats to the foundation of bridges, etc. The study showed several problems responsible for deteriorating the health of the Tinau River. The Study suggests that the agencies and stakeholders should work together to counter the various negative problems. A Commission involving the concerned representatives from the Government, Municipality, DDC, VDC and the stakeholders such as WUAs of irrigation, water supply and others has been proposed to be established. All the river conservation practices from the Government and funding agencies have to be implemented with the active participation of the beneficiaries. It must be started as early as possible. The effective way of river conservation would be the active participation of the local inhabitants with meaningful Government support. Hydro Nepal; Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Vol. 12, 2013, January Page: 32-38DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v12i0.9029 Uploaded Date : 10/29/2013
Satellite-Based Precipitation Estimation for Hydropower Development
Authors: Tamrakar Bijaya , Alfredsen Knut
Published: November 2013

Runoff is one of the major factors that govern the capacity of a hydropower project. Precipitation data are needed for estimation of runoff through runoff simulation using a hydrological model. Dense setup of rain gauge network in a mountainous topography is difficult and expensive. An alternative for this problem is the use of Satellite precipitation data with high spatial and temporal resolution. They have an additional advantage that they represent areal precipitation. But, these data should be duly evaluated before using them. In this study, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM 3B42) precipitation data are evaluated using ground based precipitation stations over Nepal and fed in a rainfall-runoff model to estimate monthly discharge through four of the major basins of Nepal. A simple water balance model has been used, initially developed by Thornthwaite. Statistical parameters showed significant under-estimation of precipitation over major areas of Nepal. The results from the water balance model presented quiet a good estimation of discharge through basins with an average Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (R²) value of 0.8. This implies that TRMM data can be used for runoff simulations over Nepal. The TRMM satellite data can be used during the planning stage of hydropower projects as well as on ungauged catchments. Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Vol. 12, 2013, January Page: 52-58DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v12i0.9033 Uploaded Date : 10/29/2013
An Integrated Approach for Long Term Solutions of Flooding: A Study of the Eastern Chitwan Valley
Authors: Singh Achyut Man
Published: November 2013

A timeline study since 1976-2010 with satellite imagery maps on the flooding problems of Eastern Chitwan has revealed that due to the rapid degradation of the vegetative cover in the upper catchments of its rivers, increased flooding events had occurred. The conditions of the catchment environment depend on the behavior and activities of the people residing in the area. Infrastructure construction for the flood control in the river banks are short term solutions only effective for a few years. For a long term solution, the people of the area need to be sensitive for the river training works and good watershed management. The study has emphasized social and institutional aspect along with awareness campaign with the populations to achieve good impacts in the long term. Hydro Nepal; Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Vol. 12, 2013, January Page: 66-75DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v12i0.9035 Uploaded Date : 10/29/2013
Interview with Dr. Keshab Man Shakya, Hon’ble Minister for Science, Technology and Environment
Authors: Thanju Jeewan P.
Published: November 2013

Not available.Hydro Nepal; Journal of Water, Energy and EnvironmentIssue No. 12, January 2013Page: 87-88DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v12i0.9040Uploaded date: 7 Nov., 2013
Cervical spinous process reconstruction
Authors: Panchal Ripul R. , Duong Huy T. , Shahlaie Kiarash , Kim Kee D.
Published: November 2013

Posterior neck deformity with an unsightly crater-like defect may result after cervicothoracic laminectomies. The authors present a new technique, spinous process reconstruction, to address this problem. A 64-year-old man presented with progressive quadriparesis secondary to cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Previously he had undergone multiple neck surgeries including cervicothoracic decompressive laminectomy. Postoperatively, he developed severe craniocervical spinal deformity and a large painful concave surgical defect in the neck. The authors performed craniocervical decompression and craniocervicothoracic instrumented stabilization. At the same time, cervicothoracic spinous process reconstruction was performed using titanium mesh to address the defect. Cervicothoracic decompressive laminectomy results in varying degrees of neck defect with resulting unsightly and an often painful surgical wound defect despite an appropriate multilayer closure. The presented spinous process reconstruction is a simple technique to address this problem with good clinical outcome.