bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proteome-Wide Analyses of Human Hepatocytes During Differentiation and Dedifferentiation
Authors: Rowe Cliff , Gerrard Dave T. , Jenkins Roz , Berry Andrew , Durkin Kesta , Sundstrom Lars , Goldring Chris E. , Park Kevin B. , Kitteringham Neil R. , Hanley Karen Piper , Hanley Neil A.
Published: March 2013

Failure to predict hepatotoxic drugs in preclinical testing makes it imperative to develop better liver models with a stable phenotype in culture. Stem cell-derived models offer promise, with differentiated hepatocyte-like cells currently considered to be “fetal-like” in their maturity. However, this judgment is based on limited biomarkers or transcripts and lacks the required proteomic datasets that directly compare fetal and adult hepatocytes. Here, we quantitatively compare the proteomes of human fetal liver, adult hepatocytes, and the HepG2 cell line. In addition, we investigate the proteome changes in human fetal and adult hepatocytes when cultured in a new air-liquid interface format compared to conventional submerged extracellular matrix sandwich culture. From albumin and urea secretion, and luciferase-based cytochrome P450 activity, adult hepatocytes were viable in either culture model over 2 weeks. The function of fetal cells was better maintained in the air-liquid interface system. Strikingly, the proteome was qualitatively similar across all samples but hierarchical clustering showed that each sample type had a distinct quantitative profile. HepG2 cells more closely resembled fetal than adult hepatocytes. Furthermore, clustering showed that primary adult hepatocytes cultured at the air-liquid interface retained a proteome that more closely mimicked their fresh counterparts than conventional culture, which acquired myofibroblast features. Principal component analysis extended these findings and identified a simple set of proteins, including cytochrome P450 2A6, glutathione S transferase P, and alcohol dehydrogenases as specialized indicators of hepatocyte differentiation.

Conclusion

: Our quantitative datasets are the first that directly compare multiple human liver cells, define a model for enhanced maintenance of the hepatocyte proteome in culture, and provide a new protein “toolkit” for determining human hepatocyte maturity in cultured cells. (Hepatology 2013;58:799–809)
Hospitalist experiences, practice, opinions, and knowledge regarding peripherally inserted central catheters: A Michigan survey
Authors: Chopra Vineet , Kuhn Latoya , Coffey Charles E. , Salameh Mohammad , Barron Jim , Krein Sarah , Flanders Scott A. , Saint Sanjay
Published: March 2013

BACKGROUND

Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are commonly inserted during hospitalization for a variety of clinical indications.

OBJECTIVE

To understand hospitalist experience, practice, knowledge, and opinions as they relate to PICCs.

DESIGN AND SETTING

Web‐based survey of hospitalists in 5 healthcare systems (representing a total of 10 hospitals) across Michigan.

RESULTS

The overall response rate was 63% (227 hospitalists received invitations; 144 responded). Compared with central venous catheters, hospitalists felt that PICCs were safer to insert (81%) and preferred by patients (74%). Although 84% of respondents reported that placing a PICC solely to obtain venous access was appropriate, 47% also indicated that 10%–25% of PICCs inserted in their hospitals might represent inappropriate placement. Hospitalist knowledge regarding PICC‐related venous thromboembolism was poor, with only 4% recognizing that PICC‐tip verification was performed principally to prevent thrombosis. Furthermore, several potential practice‐related concerns were identified: one‐third of hospitalists indicated that they never examine PICCs for externally evident problems, such as exit‐site infection; 48% responded that once inserted, they did not remove PICCs until a patient was ready for discharge; and 51% admitted that, at least once, they had “forgotten” that their patient had a PICC.

CONCLUSIONS

Hospitalist experiences, practice, opinions, and knowledge related to PICCs appear to be variable. Because PICC use is growing and is often associated with complications, examining the impact of such variation is necessary. Hospitals and health systems should consider developing and implementing mechanisms to monitor PICC use and adverse events. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:309–314. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Large intestinal fermentation capacity of fattening pigs on organic farms as measured in vitro using contrasting substrates
Authors: Sappok Maria , Pellikaan Wilbert F , Verstegen Martin WA , Bosch Guido , Sundrum Albert , Hendriks Wouter H
Published: March 2013

Background

In accordance with the EU regulations, organic farms require pigs to be fed diets high in fibre, which may impact on the pigs' large intestinal fermentation capacity. The ability of pigs to ferment non‐starch polysaccharides (NSP) depends on characteristics of the dietary NSP source and microbes present in the large intestine of pigs. Little information exists on the fibre fermentation capacity of organically raised pigs. The aim of this study was to determine the variation in fibre fermentation capacity of fattening pigs within and between organic farms using an in vitro batch culture method and three contrasting substrates: oligofructose, soy pectin and cellulose.

Results

Pigs from different organic farms showed varying fermentation capacities as assessed by gas production, kinetics and fermentation end‐products formed (P < 0.01). Coefficients of variation between inocula within farms varied by up to 40% for gas production and kinetics, in particular for incubation with cellulose. No relationship between on‐farm feeding practice and the pigs' fermentation capacity could be established.

Conclusion

The fermentation capacity of pigs reared under organic conditions varies considerable between farms. Finishing pigs reared under organic farming conditions are fast fermenters of oligofructose and soy pectin. More than four donor animals should be used per inoculum to accurately assess in vitro fermentation capacity. Fermentation results could not be related to dietary management under on‐farm conditions. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Spatio‐Temporal Patterns of Land Use/Cover Changes Over the Past 20 Years in the Middle Reaches of the Tarim River, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhang F. , Tiyip T. , Feng Z. D. , Kung H‐T. , Johnson V. C. , Ding J. L. , Tashpolat N. , Sawut M. , Gui D. W.
Published: March 2013

The interaction between land use/cover change and landscape pattern is pivotal in research concerning global environmental change. This study uses three different Landsat images of 1989, 1998 and 2009 to study the land use/cover and landscape pattern changes in the middle reaches of the Tarim River basin. envi®, erdas®, ArcGIS® and fragstats® software were used to analyse the land use/cover changes. The objectives of study were to map and study the changes in land use/cover and landscape pattern, and propose some possible factors in making the land use/cover changes from 1989 to 2009. Seven different types of land use/cover are analysed, and the results are listed in tables. From 1989 to 1998, the percentage of farmland, slight–moderate saline land, heavy saline land and water areas have increased; woodland, desert and the undeveloped land have decreased. From 1998 to 2009, farmland, heavy saline land and the undeveloped land have increased; the other types of land use/cover have decreased. The gravity centre of each land use/cover types has shifted. The farthest shifting of the gravity centre was heavy saline land, which occurred between 1989 and 1998. The transformation and changes of land use/covers and landscape occurred more frequently from 1989 to 2009. Other types of land use and land cover changes to saline land have increased, which implied that a serious salinization took place in the Tarim Basin. The results from this study would show the adverse environmental changes (e.g. salinization and desertification) and they can be used for future sustainable management of land resources. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sequential liver and kidney transplantation from a single living donor in two young adults with primary hyperoxaluria type 1
Authors: Mor Eytan , Nesher Eviatar , Ben-Ari Ziv , Weissman Irit , Shaharabani Ezra , Eizner Sigal , Solomonov Evegny , Rahamimov Ruth , Braun Marius
Published: March 2013

Using living donor organs for sequential liver and kidney transplantation (SeqLKT) in patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) has emerged as a viable approach. Taking both organs from a single donor, however, is rare. There are 8 reported cases of SeqLKT in the literature, and in all but 1 case, children were the recipients. We present our experience with SeqLKT in 2 young adults with PH1. In the first case, with an interval between procedures of 4.5 months, SeqLKT was performed with a right liver lobe from a 47-year-old father for his 19-year-old son with PH1 who was on dialysis for 2 years before transplantation. Both the donor and the recipient had an uneventful recovery, although there was re-exploration for the control of bleeding in the recipient after liver transplantation. Thirty-three months after transplantation, the patient had normal liver and renal function. In the second case, with an interval between procedures of 22 days, SeqLKT was performed with organs from a 45-year-old father for his 19-year-old daughter with PH1 who was on dialysis for 8 months. The recipient procedures, including right liver lobe transplantation and kidney transplantation, were uneventful. The donor underwent percutaneous drainage of a subphrenic collection and subsequently fully recovered. Eighteen months after transplantation, the recipient's liver and renal allograft function was normal. In conclusion, because of the severe organ shortage, living related SeqLKT using the same donor should be carefully considered for young adults with PH1. Liver Transpl 19:646–648, 2013. © 2013 AASLD.
A Navier–Stokes–Voight model with memory
Authors: Gal Ciprian G. , Tachim Medjo T.
Published: March 2013

In this article, we consider a three‐dimensional Navier–Stokes–Voight model with memory where relaxation effects are described through a distributed delay. We prove the existence of uniform global attractors , where ϵ ∈ (0,1) is the scaling parameter in the memory kernel. Furthermore, we prove that the model converges to the classical three‐dimensional Navier–Stokes–Voight system in an appropriate sense as ϵ → 0. In particular, we construct a family of exponential attractors Ξϵ that is robust as ϵ → 0. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extensions and spectral problems of 1D discrete Hamiltonian systems
Authors: Allahverdiev Bilender P.
Published: March 2013

In this paper, we construct a space of boundary values of the minimal symmetric discrete Hamiltonian operator with defect index (2,2), which is known as Weyl's limit‐circle cases at ± ∞ , acting in the Hilbert space , where . With the help of the space of the boundary values, we describe all maximal dissipative (accretive), self‐adjoint, and other extensions of such a symmetric operator. In these descriptions, we investigate maximal dissipative operators with general boundary conditions. For maximal dissipative operator, a self‐adjoint dilation is constructed. Further, following the scattering theory, its incoming and outgoing spectral representations are set. These representations allow us to determine the scattering matrix of the dilation. Moreover, we construct a functional model of the maximal dissipative operator, and we define its characteristic function in terms of the scattering matrix of the dilation. Finally, we prove a completeness theorem about the system of root vectors of the maximal dissipative operator. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Remark on stability of rarefaction waves to the one‐dimensional compressible Navier–Stokes equations with density‐dependent viscosity coefficient
Authors: Dou Changsheng , Jiu Quansen
Published: March 2013

In this paper, we study one‐dimensional compressible isentropic Navier–Stokes equations with density‐dependent viscosity. We can obtain the asymptotic stability of rarefaction waves for the compressible isentropic Navier–Stokes equations when the power of viscosity coefficient , which enlarge the range of α in the article [Jiu Q, Wang Y, Xin ZP, Communication in Partial Differential Equations 2011; 36: 602‐634]. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compact thin ground plane UWB antenna with dual band stop characteristics
Authors: Shinde Pratap N. , Mishra B. K.
Published: March 2013

A compact coplanar waveguide (CPW)‐fed convex hexagonal‐shaped ultrawide band (UWB) antenna, with L‐shaped thin ground plane for lower frequency band stop function and tapered rectangular vertical slot in radiating patch for upper frequency band stop is presented. The proposed antenna of dimension 40 × 22 × 1.6 mm3 provides good impedance matching over dual operational UWB resonating at 5.4 and 9.6 GHz with fractional bandwidth 69.54 and 33.83%, respectively. The lower frequency stop band in the vicinity of 2.4 GHz and higher frequency stop band in the vicinity of 7 GHz has bandwidth of 3.17 and 1.8 GHz, respectively, to avoid the interference of PCS, GSM 800/1900, ISM, WLAN, and X‐band satellite uplink (7.25–7.75 GHz) and downlink (7.9–8.4 GHz) communication system. The E‐plane radiation pattern observed is bidirectional in nature due to CPW feed and that of the H‐plane pattern is omnidirectional. The resonating lower and higher UWB achieves the peak gain 2.16 and 6.5 dBi, respectively. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1045–1049, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27470
A reconfigurable antenna using varactor diode for LTE MIMO applications
Authors: Yoon Cheol , Hwang Sun‐Gook , Lee Gi‐Chan , kim Woo‐Su , Lee Hwa‐Choon , Park Hyo‐Dal
Published: March 2013

In this article, a mobile embedded antenna having tunable capacitance is proposed and the validity of the proposed solution was proved through design, fabrication, and measurement.The antenna can be applied to long‐term evolution (LTE) as well as DCS/PCS/WCDMA bands being currently used. Antennas for the 4G mobile service are required to expand its bandwidth so that it includes both LTE band and other service bands. However, it is hard to obtain low‐band characteristic due to the limited space for antenna in terminals. The proposed antenna consists of two planar inverted F antennas that are orthogonally arranged. Two radiators should be designed to have equal or enhanced isolation (S21) of lower than −15 dB. To meet this requirement, a varactor diode SMV2109 (skyworks corp.) was used to make the operation frequency of low‐band tunable. With the optimized parameters, the antenna was fabricated and measured and the results have been compared with the simulated result. The antenna satisfied with operation frequency and performance for both low‐band and high‐band, and measured performance of the antenna fabricated with optimized parameters is compared and analyzed with the simulation results. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1141–1145, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27479
Analytical method for deriving consistent large–small‐signal field‐effect transistor model
Authors: Bousnina Sami
Published: March 2013

This article presents a detailed analytical method for deriving consistent large–small‐signal field‐effect transistor (FET) model. This resulted in a set of closed‐form equations relating the large‐signal model parameters to the small‐signal model ones. An improved equivalent circuit is proposed for modeling the transistor under large‐signal operation. In this circuit, RF nonlinear current sources are used to model the distributed effect of the gate–source and gate–drain junctions. The dispersion between DC and RF drain current characteristics is modeled using an improved back‐gating technique. The predictive model capabilities are illustrated with measured and simulated S‐parameters, output power at fundamental and harmonics frequencies of a commercial packaged GaAs FET device. The model is then fully validated by comparing measured and simulated results of output power, efficiency, and intermodulation distortion of a class AB amplifier designed at 1.9 GHz. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1001–1008, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27495
Compact dual‐bandstop filter based on composite right/left handed transmission line
Authors: Pan Tao , Song Kaijun , Fan Yong
Published: March 2013

This letter presents a novel compact dual‐bandstop filter based on composite right/left handed transmission line (CRLH‐TL) resonator. By tuning the length of the shunted stubs in the CRLH‐TL resonator, each of the two stopbands can be controlled independently. The resonant properties of CRLH‐TL resonators are interpreted. A T‐shaped microstrip line is applied to improve the passband performance. The equivalent circuit for the presented filter is developed to analyze its performance and detailed design procedures are presented. The simulated and measured results of the final fabricated dual‐bandstop filter are found in good agreement with each other. The maximum attenuation is 36 dB in the first stopband and 31 dB in the second stopband with a compact size of 0.21 λg×0.15 λg. Furthermore, a wide passband with low insertion loss is also obtained. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:958–962, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27516
Young Mania Rating Scale: how to interpret the numbers? Determination of a severity threshold and of the minimal clinically significant difference in the EMBLEM cohort
Authors: Lukasiewicz Michael , Gerard Stephanie , Besnard Adeline , Falissard Bruno , Perrin Elena , Sapin Helene , Tohen Mauricio , Reed Catherine , Azorin Jean‐Michel ,   The emblem study group
Published: March 2013

The aim of this analysis was to identify Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) meaningful benchmarks for clinicians (severity threshold, minimal clinically significant difference [MCSD]) using the Clinical Global Impressions Bipolar (CGI‐BP) mania scale, to provide a clinical perspective to randomized clinical trials (RCTs) results.

We used the cohort of patients with acute manic/mixed state of bipolar disorders (N = 3459) included in the European Mania in Bipolar Longitudinal Evaluation of Medication (EMBLEM) study. A receiver‐operating characteristic analysis was performed on randomly selected patients to determine the YMRS optimal severity threshold with CGI‐BP mania score ≥ “Markedly ill” defining severity. The MCSD (clinically meaningful change in score relative to one point difference in CGI‐BP mania for outcome measures) of YMRS, was assessed with a linear regression on baseline data.

At baseline, YMRS mean score was 26.4 (±9.9), CGI‐BP mania mean score was 4.8 (±1.0) and 61.7% of patients had a score ≥ 5. The optimal YMRS severity threshold of 25 (positive predictive value [PPV] = 83.0%; negative predictive value [NPV] = 66.0%) was determined. In this cohort, a YMRS score of 20 (typical cutoff for RCTs inclusion criteria) corresponds to a PPV of 74.6% and to a NPV of 77.6%, meaning that the majority of patients included would be classified as severely ill. The YMRS minimal clinically significant difference was 6.6 points. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic association of adrenergic receptor alpha 2A with obesity and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Långberg Ewa‐Carin , Seed Ahmed Mohammed , Efendic Suad , Gu Harvest F. , Östenson Claes‐Göran
Published: March 2013

Objective

The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is linked to glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism. The α2A‐adrenergic receptor (ADRA2A) is involved in the SNS and mediates inhibition of insulin secretion and lipolysis. The association of ADRA2A single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes (T2D) was investigated.

Design and Methods

Genotyping was performed in a case–control study of 1,177 Swedish individuals, including lean and obese subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and T2D patients. ADRA2A mRNA expression was measured in pancreatic islets isolated from T2D patients and nondiabetic subjects.

Results

SNP rs553668 was associated with T2D in men (odds ratio [OR] = 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08–2.01; P = 0.015) but this association was lost after adjusting for age and for body mass index (BMI). Associations were also detected when comparing obese NGT and lean NGT subjects (OR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.07–2.07; P = 0.017), and in obese (OR = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.06–2.49; P = 0.026), but not in lean T2D. In women, multiple logistic regression regarding SNP rs521674 demonstrated an increased OR of 7.61 (95% CI = 1.70–34.17; P = 0.008) for T2D when including age as a covariant. Correcting for BMI removed the significant association. When age was included in the model, association also found when obese T2D patients were compared with lean NGT subjects (P = 0.041). ADRA2A mRNA expression in human pancreatic islets was detectable, but with no statistically significant difference between the diabetic and the control groups.

Conclusions

ADRA2A genetic polymorphisms are mainly associated with obesity and possibly with T2D in a Swedish population.
Estimation using all available covariate information versus a fixed look‐back window for dichotomous covariates
Authors: Brunelli Steven M. , Gagne Joshua J. , Huybrechts Krista F. , Wang Shirley V. , Patrick Amanda R. , Rothman Kenneth J. , Seeger John D.
Published: March 2013

Purpose

When using claims data, dichotomous covariates (C) are often assumed to be absent unless a claim for the condition is observed. When available historical data differs among subjects, investigators must choose between using all available historical data versus data from a fixed window to assess C. Our purpose was to compare estimation under these two approaches.

Methods

We simulated cohorts of 20 000 subjects with dichotomous variables representing exposure (E), outcome (D), and a single time‐invariant C, as well as varying availability of historical data. C was operationally defined under each paradigm and used to estimate the adjusted risk ratio of E on D via Mantel–Haenszel methods.

Results

In the base case scenario, less bias and lower mean square error were observed using all available information compared with a fixed window; differences were magnified at higher modeled confounder strength. Upon introduction of an unmeasured covariate (F), the all‐available approach remained less biased in most circumstances and rendered estimates that better approximated those that were adjusted for the true (modeled) value of C in all instances.

Conclusions

In most instances considered, operationally defining time‐invariant dichotomous C based on all available historical data, rather than on data observed over a commonly shared fixed historical window, results in less biased estimates. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gas‐phase oxidation of 2‐propanol over Au/TiO2 catalysts to probe metal–support interactions
Authors: Holz Marie C. , Kähler Kevin , Tölle Katharina , van Veen André C. , Muhler Martin
Published: March 2013

2‐Propanol and oxygen were converted over titania and gold nanoparticles supported on titania to investigate the reactivity of the support, the influence of the metal and the role of metal–support interactions. The catalysts were characterized by N2 physisorption and transmission electron microscopy. In addition to deriving the degrees of conversion and the yields as a function of temperature, temperature‐programmed desorption and diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy were applied in fixed‐bed reactors under continuous flow conditions. Over pure TiO2 above 500 K the acid–base catalyzed dehydration yielding propene and water, the dehydrogenation to acetone and H2, and the oxidative dehydrogenation to acetone and water were found to occur. The additional presence of Au nanoparticles induced the selective oxidation to acetone and H2O at temperatures below 400 K, whereas the selective oxidation to acetone at higher temperatures above 500 K was also observed on pure TiO2. Also the dehydration of 2‐propanol to propene and H2O and, to a minor extent, the total oxidation to CO2 and H2O were catalyzed by Au/TiO2. Therefore, the Au/TiO2 catalyst shows bifunctional properties in oxygen activation needed for the selective oxidation of 2‐propanol. 2‐propoxide species were detected by IR spectroscopy, which are identified as intermediate species in 2‐propanol conversion, whereas strongly bound acetates and carbonates acted as catalyst poison for the selective low‐temperature oxidation route, but not for the high‐temperature route. Selective low‐temperature oxidation is assumed to occur at the perimeter of the Au nanoparticles, which also enhance the high‐temperature oxidation route on TiO2 pointing to a Mars–van Krevelen mechanism based on an enhanced reducibility of TiO2.
Critical analysis of counter mode with cipher block chain message authentication mode protocol—CCMP
Authors: Ahmed Idris , James Anne , Singh Dhananjay
Published: March 2013

CCM/CCMP is a two‐cycle authenticate and encrypt (AE) mode. One cycle is used to perform confidentiality computations, and the second cycle is used to compute authenticity and integrity. CCM/CCMP is also a generic composition. CCM/CCMP is actually made up of two separate modes, CBC‐MAC and AES counter mode amalgamated together. Although CCM/CCMP is an AE mode, it is not an authenticated encryption with associated data (AEAD) mode. Previous research has suggested that it is a major deficiency for an AE mode not to be an AEAD. Previous critiques of the CCM/CCMP have shown that CBC‐MAC and AES counter mode were poorly amalgamated to create the CCM/CCMP. They also showed that CCMP, which was ratified by the IEEE 802.11i workgroup in 2003 and implemented in WPA2, has some security issues. It also has some major efficiency and complexity issues. This research work reviewed the current major AE and AEAD modes such as the Galois counter mode, and the encryption system with keyed integrity and managed oracle and used critical analysis and statistical analysis approaches to identify more deficiencies in the CCM/CCMP. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Access control for cloud‐based eHealth social networking: design and evaluation
Authors: Bai Yan , Dai Lirong , Chung Sam , Devaraj Durga D.
Published: March 2013

eHealth is being rapidly deployed. Lower cost and greater productivity attract government and healthcare enterprise to transit from traditional healthcare service to eHealth service. Security and privacy are growing concerns with the widespread deployment of eHealth and the development of next generation of eHealth services. In this paper, we discuss these security problems and propose a high‐level security framework that captures required features in the next‐generation eHealth infrastructure. Our framework consists of the following: (i) an adaptive trust‐aware tag‐based privacy control to specify which data to share and whom to share with. The fine‐grained control of data access is guaranteed; (ii) a decentralized authorization that relies on trust propagation protocol to provide robust and resilient access control enforcement; and (iii) a hybrid trust management mechanism that addresses access control information depository on a cloud server. It enforces user‐defined access control not only in a distributed environment but also in a privacy‐preserving manner so as to minimize the disclosure of privileges and of access policies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust password changing and DoS resilience for human‐centric password authentication
Authors: Li Xiangxue , Qian Haifeng , Yu Yu , Weng Jian , Wang Ziping
Published: March 2013

In password‐based or two‐factor (password and smart card) authentications, password changing is one of common techniques used to improve the security of the systems protected by the password. However, the password‐changing operations in existing password authentications either depend on the login phase or violate the common practice that an old password should not be valid for subsequent login after being updated. On the other hand, password mistyping is very common in reality, which may be random or be skewed by the adversary via technical means or social engineering manipulation [i.e., a kind of denial‐of‐service (DoS) attack]. In human‐centric authentication mechanisms, password changing and DoS resilience are not marginal issues. The paper addresses the requirements of robust password changing in authentication and presents , a password authentication scheme with robust password changing, DoS resilience, and card‐compromise security. Thus, the proposal can be viewed as a suitable candidate instantiation for authentication services of human‐centric security, by embedding in the computer and software systems. also achieves other appealing features, such as self‐healing ability and strong privacy protection, which may be useful for human‐centric applications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
XPS analysis of chitosan–hydroxyapatite biomaterials: from elements to compounds
Authors: Maachou Hamida , Genet Michel J. , Aliouche Djamel , Dupont‐Gillain Christine C. , Rouxhet Paul G.
Published: March 2013

Chitosan (Cs) and hydroxyapatite (Ha) were analysed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Phosphorylated Cs microparticles and hybrid Cs/Ha microparticles were prepared and analysed by XPS before and after immersion in a solution 1.5 times more concentrated than a simulated body fluid (SBF). The accuracy of spectrum recording, peak decomposition and peak component assignment was insured by a post‐control of charge stabilization, and by the examination of correlations between spectral data guided by stoichiometry and charge balance. The concentration of organic oxygen was determined from the concentrations of the oxidized forms of carbon, allowing a sharper insight into speciation and O 1s peak shape. This indicated that the hydroxide ion of Ha, and hydrogenophosphate if present, give a contribution near 532.4 eV, which overlaps with organic oxygen. As a result of immersion in the 1.5*SBF solution, the formation of CaCO3and of Ha material occurred. A quantification could be made for the constituents of biomaterial interest, contaminating salts and paraffin oil residues from the microparticle manufacturing process. The uncertainties regarding the nature of the model calcium phosphate used and the best marker for calcium carbonate were addressed by comparing the possible effect on the output, which was facilitated by using ternary composition diagrams. Whatever their formulation, the native microparticles were found to be coated by a thick layer of paraffin oil. The induction of calcium carbonate and phosphate precipitation or the retention of precipitates by the microparticles was favored by the presence of phosphate in the initial formulation either by phosphorylation or by incorporation of Ha. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Re-interpreting the Oxbridge stransverse mass variable M

T2
in general cases
Authors: Mahbubani Rakhi , Matchev Konstantin T. , Park Myeonghun
Published: March 2013

Abstract

We extend the range of possible applications of M

T2 type analyses to decay chains with multiple invisible particles, as well as to asymmetric event topologies with different parent and/or different children particles. We advocate two possible approaches. In the first, we introduce suitably defined 3 + 1-dimensional analogues of the M

T2 variable, which take into account all relevant on-shell kinematic constraints in a given event topology. The second approach utilizes the conventional M

T2 variable, but its kinematic endpoint is suitably reinterpreted on a case by case basis, depending on the specific event topology at hand. We provide the general prescription for this reinterpretation, including the formulas relating the measured M

T2 endpoint (as a function of the test masses of all the invisible particles) to the underlying physical mass spectrum. We also provide analytical formulas for the shape of the differential distribution of the doubly projected
$ {M_{{T{2_{\bot }}}}} $
variable for the ten possible event topologies with one visible particle and up to two invisible particles per decay chain. We illustrate our results with the example of leptonic chargino decays
$ {{\widetilde{\chi}}^{+}}\to {\ell^{+}}\nu {{\widetilde{\chi}}^0} $
in supersymmetry.
Rigid 6D supersymmetry and localization
Authors: Samtleben Henning , Sezgin Ergin , Tsimpis Dimitrios
Published: March 2013

Abstract

We construct rigid supersymmetric theories for interacting vector and tensor multiplets on six-dimensional Riemannian spin manifolds. Analyzing the Killing spinor equations, we derive the constraints on these theories. To this end, we reformulate the conditions for supersymmetry as a set of necessary and sufficient conditions on the geometry. The formalism is illustrated with a number of examples, including manifolds that are hermitian, strong Kähler with torsion. As an application, we show that the path integral of pure super Yang-Mills theory defined on a Calabi-Yau threefold$ {{\mathcal{M}}_6} $localizes on stable holomorphic bundles over$ {{\mathcal{M}}_6} $.
Synthesis and Physico‐Chemical Studies of Ester‐Quat Surfactants in the Series of (Dodecanoyloxy)propyln‐Alkyl Dimethyl Ammonium Bromide
Authors: Achouri Mohammed El , Alehyen Saliha , Assioui Amina , Chami Rajae , Bensajjay Fatima , Pérez Lourdes , Infante María Rosa
Published: March 2013

Ester‐quat surfactants in the series of (dodecanoyl oxy) propyln‐alkyl dimethyl ammonium bromide referred to here as LC3Cm(wheremis the hydrocarbon chain lengths 8, 12 and 14) were synthesized and characterized by the usual spectroscopic methods (NMR, IR, MS…). Their physico‐chemical properties were investigated by surface tension and conductimetric measurements. From surface tension measurements, isotherms and thermodynamic adsorption parameters were determined. The critical micelle concentration (CMC), the degree of counter ion dissociation (α) of micelles in the water and the standard Gibbs free energy, of micellization were also determined by conductimetric measurements. The results obtained from both methods were compared to the similar surfactants in the series of quaternary ammonium surfactants. Optical microscopy was also used to study the behavior of anhydrous surfactants and the binary water/surfactant system as a function of temperature.
Fatty Acid Profile of Kenaf Seed Oil
Authors: Razon Luis F. , Bacani Florinda T. , Evangelista Roque L. , Knothe Gerhard
Published: March 2013

The fatty acid profile of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) seed oil has been the subject of several previous reports in the literature. These reports vary considerably regarding the presence and amounts of specific fatty acids, notably (12,13‐epoxy‐9(Z)‐octadecenoic (epoxyoleic) acid, but also cyclic (cyclopropene and cyclopropane) fatty acids. To clarify this matter, two kenaf seed oils (from the Cubano and Dowling varieties of kenaf) were investigated regarding their fatty acid profiles. Both contain epoxyoleic acid, the Cubano sample around 2 % and the Dowling sample 5‐6 % depending on processing. The cyclic fatty acids malvalic and dihydrosterculic were identified in amounts around 1 %. Trace amounts of sterculic acid were observed as were minor amounts of C17:1 fatty acids. The results are discussed in the context of the fatty acid profiles of other hibiscus seed oils.
Level and change of bullying behavior during high school: A multilevel growth curve analysis
Authors: Nocentini Annalaura , Menesini Ersilia , Salmivalli Christina
Published: March 2013

The development of bullying behavior was examined across three years in a sample of 515 adolescents (46% females) from 41 classrooms. At time 1, the students were in grades 9 and 10 (mean age = 14.5 years; SD = .54). Results of a multilevel growth model showed that both baseline level and change of bullying varied significantly across individuals as well as across classrooms. At the individual level, gender, aggression and competition for social dominance were related with baseline level of bullying. Competition for social dominance and class change were additionally associated with increases in bullying over time. At the classroom level, pro‐bullying behaviors were associated with higher baseline level of bullying, whereas anti‐bullying behaviors with decreases in bullying over time. Finally, a cross‐level interaction underlined that the link between aggression and bullying was moderated by the pro‐bullying behaviors within each class. Results are discussed according to the child by environment perspective.
Cross-Sectional Imaging of Nontraumatic Peritoneal and Mesenteric Emergencies
Authors: Patlas Michael N. , Alabousi Abdullah , Scaglione Mariano , Romano Luigia , Soto Jorge A.
Published: March 2013

Multiple nontraumatic peritoneal and mesenteric emergencies are encountered at imaging of patients in the emergency department. Peritoneal and mesenteric emergencies are usually detected in patients in the emergency department during evaluation of nonspecific abdominal pain. A high index of suspicion is required for the establishment of early diagnosis and aversion of life-threatening complications in cases of peritoneal carcinomatosis, nontraumatic hemoperitoneum, and peritonitis. A correct diagnosis of omental infarction, mesenteric adenitis, and mesenteric panniculitis helps patients primarily by avoiding unnecessary surgery. In this review article, we illustrate the cross-sectional imaging appearance of various nontraumatic peritoneal and mesenteric emergencies by emphasizing the role of the emergency radiologist in detecting and managing these entities.
HAMILTON SEQUENCES FOR EXTREMAL QUASICONFORMAL MAPPINGS OF DOUBLY-CONNECTED DOMAINS
Authors: YAO GUOWU
Published: March 2013

Let $T(S)$ be the Teichmüller space of a hyperbolic Riemann surface $S$. Suppose that $\mu $ is an extremal Beltrami differential at a given point $\tau $ of $T(S)$ and $\{ {\phi }_{n} \} $ is a Hamilton sequence for $\mu $. It is an open problem whether the sequence $\{ {\phi }_{n} \} $ is always a Hamilton sequence for all extremal differentials in $\tau $. S. Wu [‘Hamilton sequences for extremal quasiconformal mappings of the unit disk’, Sci. China Ser. A 42 (1999), 1033–1042] gave a positive answer to this problem in the case where $S$ is the unit disc. In this paper, we show that it is also true when $S$ is a doubly-connected domain.
Sinus involvement in breast cancer: case report
Authors: Walker D T , Barbur S , Mathew R , Hern J
Published: March 2013

Objective:

To report a rare and unique presentation of metastatic breast cancer.

Method:

Case report and review of related literature.

Results:

A 62-year-old female with metastatic breast cancer, who had been free from recurrence for 4 years, presented with diplopia secondary to lateral rectus palsy. This was due to a sphenoid sinus metastasis, which was eroding into her cavernous sinus, resulting in VIth cranial nerve neuropathy.

Conclusion:

All paranasal sinuses and the orbit are potential sites for metastases. Spread to the paranasal sinuses from breast cancer has been documented previously. However, we believe this to be the only reported case with lateral rectus palsy as a result of metastasis to the sphenoid sinus in which this was the only evidence of disseminated disease. Otolaryngology clinicians need to consider metastatic disease to the sinuses in patients with a history of neoplasia, but also recognise that tamoxifen treatment can itself cause visual disturbance.
Cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hutton P. , Taylor P. J.
Published: March 2013

Background

Clinical equipoise regarding preventative treatments for psychosis has encouraged the development and evaluation of psychosocial treatments, such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT).

Method

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted, examining the evidence for the effectiveness of CBT-informed treatment for preventing psychosis in people who are not taking antipsychotic medication, when compared to usual or non-specific control treatment. Included studies had to meet basic quality criteria, such as concealed and random allocation to treatment groups.

Results

Our search produced 1940 titles, out of which we found seven completed trials (six published). The relative risk (RR) of developing psychosis was reduced by more than 50% for those receiving CBT at every time point [RR at 6 months 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.27–0.82, p = 0.008 (fixed-effects only: six randomized controlled trials (RCTs), n = 800); RR at 12 months 0.45, 95% CI 0.28–0.73, p = 0.001 (six RCTs, n = 800); RR at 18–24 months 0.41, 95% CI 0.23–0.72, p = 0.002 (four RCTs, n = 452)]. Heterogeneity was low in every analysis and the results were largely robust to the risk of an unpublished 12-month study having unfavourable results. CBT was also associated with reduced subthreshold symptoms at 12 months, but not at 6 or 18–24 months. No effects on functioning, symptom-related distress or quality of life were observed. CBT was not associated with increased rates of clinical depression or social anxiety (two studies).

Conclusions

CBT-informed treatment is associated with a reduced risk of transition to psychosis at 6, 12 and 18–24 months, and reduced symptoms at 12 months. Methodological limitations and recommendations for trial reporting are discussed.
The Traffic in Glands
Authors: Devecka Martin
Published: March 2013

The story that beavers self-castrate when cornered by hunters appears in a range of Roman sources, both poetry and prose, from the end of the Republic onward. This myth is a product of the rôle that ‘beaver testicles’ played in Roman luxury trade and medicine. At the same time, it serves as a literary figure for the fraught relations between Rome and the provinces from which these, and other, luxury goods were imported.
The Obligations of an Anchored Vessel to Avoid Collision at Sea
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Zhao Jinsong
Published: March 2013

When a collision occurs between two ships on the high seas, very likely one may need to determine who should be liable for the collision and the apportionment of liability between them. However, it is not unusual to see a collision between an anchored vessel and another vessel underway. When determining apportionment of liability between them, it seems that there is a presumption of fault against the vessel underway. To counteract such a presumption, the author discusses some issues in respect of collisions between a vessel at anchor and others underway under the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972 (COLREGs) by examining the obligations of anchored vessels to avoid a collision at sea.
Low burrow occupancy and breeding success of burrowing petrels at Gough Island: a consequence of mouse predation
Authors: CUTHBERT RICHARD J. , LOUW HENK , LURLING JEROEN , PARKER GRAHAM , REXER-HUBER KALINKA , SOMMER ERICA , VISSER PAUL , RYAN PETER G.
Published: March 2013

The predatory behaviour of introduced house mice Mus musculus at Gough Island is known to impact on albatross and petrels, resulting in the Tristan Albatross Diomedea dabbenena and Atlantic Petrel Pterodroma incerta being listed as “Critically Endangered” and “Endangered”, respectively. Although predation has been documented for two burrowing petrels and one albatross species, the impact of house mice on other burrowing petrels on Gough Island is unknown. We report burrow occupancy and breeding success of Atlantic Petrels, Soft-plumaged Petrels Pterodroma mollis, Broad-billed Prions Pachyptila vittata, Grey Petrels Procellaria cinerea and Great Shearwaters Puffinus gravis. With the exception of the Great Shearwater, breeding parameters of burrowing petrels at Gough Island were very poor, with low burrow occupancy (range 4–42%) and low breeding success (0–44%) for four species, and high rates of chick mortality in Atlantic Petrel burrows. Breeding success decreased with mass, suggesting that smaller species are hardest hit, and winter-breeding species had lower breeding success than summer breeders. The results indicate that introduced house mice are having a detrimental impact on a wider range of species than previously recorded and are likely to be causing population declines among most burrowing petrels on Gough Island. The very low values of burrow occupancy recorded for Soft-plumaged Petrels and Broad-billed Prions and greatly reduced abundance of burrowing petrels in comparison to earlier decades indicate that Gough Island’s formerly abundant petrel populations are greatly threatened by the impact of predatory house mice which can only be halted by the eradication of this species from the island.
THE UNIVERSAL KUMMER CONGRUENCES
Authors: HONG SHAOFANG , ZHAO JIANRONG , ZHAO WEI
Published: March 2013

Let $p$ be a prime. In this paper, we present a detailed $p$-adic analysis on factorials and double factorials and their congruences. We give good bounds for the $p$-adic sizes of the coefficients of the divided universal Bernoulli number ${B}_{n} / n$ when $n$ is divisible by $p- 1$. Using these, we then establish the universal Kummer congruences modulo powers of a prime $p$ for the divided universal Bernoulli numbers ${B}_{n} / n$ when $n$ is divisible by $p- 1$.
The odor of Osmanthus fragrans attenuates food intake
Authors: Yamamoto Takashi , Inui Tadashi , Tsuji Tadataka
Published: March 2013

Odors have been shown to exert an influence on various physiological and behavioral activities. However, little is known whether or not odor stimulation directly affects the levels of feeding-related neuropeptides. Here we show that the neural transmission by Osmanthus fragrans (OSM) decreased the mRNA expression of orexigenic neuropeptides, such as agouti-related protein, neuropeptide Y, melanin-concentrating hormone and prepro-orexin, while increased anorexigenic neuropeptides, such as cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript and proopiomelanocortin in rats. The decreased number of orexin-immunoreactive neurons in the hypothalamus coincided well with the OSM-induced decreases in the expression of prepro-orexin mRNA. This study demonstrates that the OSM odor, which is known to have a mild sedative effect, decreases the motivation to eat, food intake and body weight, accompanied by sluggish masticatory movements. The data suggest that these effects are due to suppression of orexigenic neuropeptides and activation of anorexigenic neuropeptides in the hypothalamus.
Gap-modulated doping effects on indirect exchange interaction between magnetic impurities in graphene
Authors: Roslyak O. , Gumbs Godfrey , Huang Danhong
Published: March 2013

A dilute distribution of magnetic impurities is assumed to be present in doped graphene. We calculate the interaction energy between two magnetic impurities which are coupled via the indirect-exchange or Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuva-Yosida (RKKY) interaction by the doped conduction electrons. The current model is a half-filled AB-lattice structure. Our calculations are based on the retarded lattice Green's function formalism in momentum-energy space which is employed in linear response theory to determine the magnetic susceptibility in coordinate space. Analytic results are obtained for gapped graphene when the magnetic impurities are placed on the A and B sublattice sites of the structure. This interaction, which is important in determining spin ordering, has been found to be significantly different for AA and BB exchange energies in doped graphene due to the existence of an energy gap and is attributed to a consequence of the local fields not being equal on the A and B sublattices. For doped graphene, the oscillations of all three RKKY interactions from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic with increasing Fermi energy is significantly modified by the energy gap both in magnitude and phase. Additionally, the AB exchange energy may be modified by the presence of a gap for undoped graphene but not for doped graphene due to the dominance of doped conduction electrons.