bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FIGURE 6 from PSGL-1 Blockade Induces Classical Activation of Human Tumor-associated Macrophages
Authors: Kauffman Kevin , Manfra Denise , Nowakowska Dominika , Zafari Mohammad , Nguyen Phuong A. , Phennicie Ryan , Vollmann Elisabeth H. , O'Nuallain Brian , Basinski Sara , Komoroski Veronica , Rooney Kate , Culyba Elizabeth K. , Wahle Joseph , Ries Carola , Brehm Michael , Sazinsky Steve , Feldman Igor , Novobrantseva Tatiana I.
Published: October 2023

Anti-PSGL-1 monotherapy induces a secretion of proinflammatory cytokine signature in both Keytruda responders and Keytruda nonresponders in fresh tumor cultures. A, Waterfall plots of the Tumor Cytokine Inflammatory Signature value induced in individual tumors by Keytruda or the anti-PSGL-1 antibody over the isotype control (fold change of treatment over control). Tumors are ranked by the strength of induction by either Keytruda (red bars) or the anti-PSGL-1 antibody (blue bars). B, Nineteen tumors with the weakest response to Keytruda were designated as Keytruda nonresponders. In that subset of tumors, the anti-PSGL-1 antibody shows induction of the Tumor Cytokine Inflammatory Signature across many individual tumors (colors represent individual tumors and are the same in both treatment arms but ranked differently according to strength of response in each treatment arms).
FIGURE 5 from PSGL-1 Blockade Induces Classical Activation of Human Tumor-associated Macrophages
Authors: Kauffman Kevin , Manfra Denise , Nowakowska Dominika , Zafari Mohammad , Nguyen Phuong A. , Phennicie Ryan , Vollmann Elisabeth H. , O'Nuallain Brian , Basinski Sara , Komoroski Veronica , Rooney Kate , Culyba Elizabeth K. , Wahle Joseph , Ries Carola , Brehm Michael , Sazinsky Steve , Feldman Igor , Novobrantseva Tatiana I.
Published: October 2023

Antitumor effects of anti-PSGL-1 in a humanized mouse model. A, Schematic of the NGS-SGM3-BLT humanized mouse melanoma model. B, Tumor volume of melanoma tumors in NGS-SGM3-BLT mice treated with anti-PSGL-1 or an Isotype control (n = 8–9 mice per group). C, MFI of MHCII and the ratio of the MFI of CD163 to MHCII was assessed on CD11b+CD14+ macrophages within the tumor measured by flow cytometry. D, The percent of total CD3+ T cells in the tumor and the activation status of T cells in both the tumor and spleen measured by the MFI CD69 on CD3+ T cells. Two-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons in Graph Prism software was used to assess significance in B and a one-way ANOVA in Graph Prism was used to assess significance in C and D.
FIGURE 4 from PSGL-1 Blockade Induces Classical Activation of Human Tumor-associated Macrophages
Authors: Kauffman Kevin , Manfra Denise , Nowakowska Dominika , Zafari Mohammad , Nguyen Phuong A. , Phennicie Ryan , Vollmann Elisabeth H. , O'Nuallain Brian , Basinski Sara , Komoroski Veronica , Rooney Kate , Culyba Elizabeth K. , Wahle Joseph , Ries Carola , Brehm Michael , Sazinsky Steve , Feldman Igor , Novobrantseva Tatiana I.
Published: October 2023

Antitumor effects of a surrogate murine anti-PSGL-1 in syngeneic mouse models. Mean tumor volumes ± SEM in mice treated with anti-PSGL-1, anti-PD-1, anti-PSGL-1 in combination with anti-PD-1 or their corresponding isotype controls (n = 8–10 mice per group) from the Sa1N sarcoma (A), MB49 bladder cancer (B), or MC38 colon carcinoma (C) models. Two-way ANOVA in Graph Prism software was used to assess significance of difference between entire treatment groups and two-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons was used to assess significance of difference for individual timepoints when the entire group comparison was not significant. “ns” stands for no significance.
FIGURE 3 from PSGL-1 Blockade Induces Classical Activation of Human Tumor-associated Macrophages
Authors: Kauffman Kevin , Manfra Denise , Nowakowska Dominika , Zafari Mohammad , Nguyen Phuong A. , Phennicie Ryan , Vollmann Elisabeth H. , O'Nuallain Brian , Basinski Sara , Komoroski Veronica , Rooney Kate , Culyba Elizabeth K. , Wahle Joseph , Ries Carola , Brehm Michael , Sazinsky Steve , Feldman Igor , Novobrantseva Tatiana I.
Published: October 2023

Anti-PSGL-1 repolarizes macrophages and leads to a proinflammatory response. A, Fold change of M2 markers CD163, CD206, and CD16 measured by flow cytometry on LPS stimulated M2c macrophages treated with anti-PSGL-1 relative to IgG4 isotype control (n = 4 donors). B, Fold change of secreted proteins TNFα, IL6, and GMCSF measured by Luminex in the supernatants from LPS stimulated M2c macrophages treated with anti-PSGL-1 relative to IgG4 isotype control (n = 4 donors). See Supplementary Fig. S5 for absolute levels in pg/mL for reference. For both A and B, antibodies were added at various concentrations to M2c on day 7 of the polarization process for 30 minutes followed by the addition of 100 ng/mL LPS for 24 hours. C, Fold change of secreted proinflammatory proteins IL2, TNFα, and IFNγ measured in the supernatants from a multicellular PBMC-SEB assay treated with anti-PSGL-1 relative to the IgG4 isotype control treatment. PBMCs were sequentially treated with anti-PSGL-1 at 10 ug/mL for 30 minutes followed by SEB for 3 days. On day 3, the supernatants were collected, and secreted proteins were measured in triplicate by a Luminex custom 10-plex. (n = 6 donors). D, Fold change of secreted cytokines from an MLR assay. Monocytes were treated with anti-PSGL-1 throughout the 9-day differentiation and polarization of M0 macrophages and then coincubated with allogeneic T cells for 4 days. On day 13, Luminex was used to measure secreted mediators in the supernatants (D) and flow cytometry was used to measure T cells proliferation and activation (E). Significance was measured using mixed-effect models by concentration and treatment for each marker using Graph Prism software in A and B. Significance was measured using Kolmogorov–Smirnov test for each analyte using Graph Prism software in C, D, and E (given the large variance of fold changes across samples for the same analyte, the nonparametric test was more sensitive than the t test for most comparisons; however, the t test produced statistically significant results for all the comparisons as well).
Relationships among Non-Neoplastic Histopathological Features, Kidney Function, Proteinuria, and Other Clinical Factors in Patients Undergoing Nephrectomy
Authors: Aponte Becerra Laura , Salcedo Betancourt Juan D. , Elfassy Tali , Iakymenko Oleksii , Thomas David B. , Isaac Farid , Fornoni Alessia , Zuo Yiqin , Barisoni Laura , Contreras Gabriel , Munoz Mendoza Jair
Published: October 2023

Introduction: The non-neoplastic kidney parenchyma from nephrectomies is often overlooked in routine examinations. We aimed to evaluate the associations between global glomerulosclerosis (GS), interstitial fibrosis (IF), or arteriosclerosis (AS) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), dipstick proteinuria, and other clinical factors. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 781 patients with nephrectomy. We used regression models with and without interaction factors. The tested exposures were GS, IF, or AS, and the outcome measures were GFR and dipstick proteinuria. Results: In multivariable analyses, increasing degrees of GS, IF, or AS were significantly associated with lower eGFR and proteinuria (p < 0.05 for each). Obesity and hypertension (HTN) modified the association between eGFR and degrees of GS, whereas proteinuria and cardiovascular disease (CVD) modified the association between eGFR and degrees of AS (p for interaction <0.05). Compared with GS <10%, GS >50% was associated with lower eGFR in patients with (−45 mL/min/1.73 m2) than without (−19 mL/min/1.73 m2) obesity, and GS >50% was associated with lower eGFR in patients with (−31 mL/min/1.73 m2) than without (−16 mL/min/1.73 m2) HTN. Compared with AS <26%, AS >50% was associated with lower eGFR in patients with (−11 mL/min/1.73 m2) than without (−6 mL/min/1.73 m2) proteinuria, and AS >50% was associated with lower eGFR in patients with (−23 mL/min/1.73 m2) than without (−7 mL/min/1.73 m2) CVD. Conclusion: Greater degrees of each GS, IF, and AS are independently associated with proteinuria and lower eGFR. Obesity, HTN, proteinuria, and CVD modify the relationship between eGFR and specific histopathological features of nephrosclerosis.
The main Optimal Post rTpa-Iv Monitoring in Ischemic Stroke Trial (OPTIMISTmain): Protocol for a Pragmatic, Stepped Wedge, Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ouyang Menglu , Faigle Roland , Wang Xia , Johnson Brenda , Summers Debbie , Khatri Pooja , Billot Laurent , Liu Hueiming , Malavera Alejandra , Muñoz-Venturelli Paula , González Francisca , Urrutia Francisca , Day Diana , Song Lili , Sui Yi , Delcourt Candice , Robinson Thompson , Durham Alice C. , Ebraimo Ahtasam , Wan Zaidi Wan Asyraf , Jan Stephen , Lindley Richard I. , Urrutia Victor C. , Anderson Craig S. ,   the OPTIMISTmain Investigators
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Careful monitoring of patients who receive intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is resource-intensive, and potentially less relevant in those with mild degrees of neurological impairment who are at low risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) and other complications. Methods: OPTIMISTmain is an international, multicenter, prospective, stepped wedge, cluster randomized, blinded outcome assessed trial aims to determine whether a less-intensity monitoring protocol is at least as effective, safe, and efficient as standard post-IVT monitoring in patients with mild deficits post-AIS. Clinically stable adult patients with mild AIS (defined by a NIHSS <10) who do not require intensive care within 2 h post-IVT are recruited at hospitals in Australia, Chile, China, Malaysia, Mexico, UK, USA, and Vietnam. An average of 15 patients recruited per period (overall 60 patient participants) at 120 sites for a total of 7,200 IVT-treated AIS patients will provide 90% power (one-sided α 0.025). The initiation of eligible hospitals is based on a rolling process whenever ready, stratified by country. Hospitals are randomly allocated using permuted blocks into 3 sequences of implementation, stratified by country and the projected number of patients to be recruited over 12 months. These sequences have four periods that dictate the order in which they are to switch from control (usual care) to intervention (implementation of low intensity monitoring protocol) to different clusters of patients in a stepped manner. Compared to standard monitoring, the low-intensity monitoring protocol includes assessments of neurological and vital signs every 15 min for 2 h, 2 hourly (vs. every 30 min) for 8 h, and 4 hourly (vs. every 1 h) until 24 h, post-IVT. The primary outcome measure is functional recovery, defined by the modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 90 days, a seven-point ordinal scale (0 [no residual symptom] to 6 [death]). Secondary outcomes include death or dependency, length of hospital stay, and health-related quality of life, sICH, and serious adverse events. Conclusion: OPTIMISTmain will provide level I evidence for the safety and effectiveness of a low-intensity post-IVT monitoring protocol in patients with mild severity of AIS.
Impacto das ciências ambientais na Agenda 2030 da ONU: Vol. 2
Authors:   Universidade Regional de Blumenau. Instituto Superior de Administração e Economia, Sampaio Carlos Alberto Cioce , Philippi Junior Arlindo ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Sobral Maria do Carmo Martins ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Estudos Avançados
Published: October 2023

Este livro representa a continuidade dos esforços da Área de Ciências Ambientais em refletir sobre os avanços, os potenciais e os desafios de promover conhecimento e formar novos talentos e gerar impactos na sociedade. Além de abordar o estado da arte da avaliação de impacto da pós-graduação e trazer iniciativas inovadoras nesse sentido, a obra representa os esforços de articulação e de trabalho em rede que os programas de pós-graduação (PPG) em Ciências Ambientais têm empreendido. Reunidos em clusters temáticos, os programas da Área têm buscado fortalecer sua atuação e impacto, além de materializar e avaliar o processo de incorporação e de implementação dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável da Agenda 2030 da ONU. A estruturação de clusters temáticos agregou PPG de diversas regiões do país, alocados em diferentes biomas, categorias e estágios diferenciados de formação acadêmica Stricto Sensu. Os resultados registrados no contexto deste livro revelam a riqueza das diversas atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão que vêm sendo realizadas e apresentam perspectivas e estratégias futuras de ação conjuntas para consolidação da Área de Ciências Ambientais na vanguarda da promoção da sustentabilidade.
Formação Acadêmica e Atuação Profissional de Músicos Populares
Authors: Bollos Liliana Harb , Lima Sonia Regina Albano de
Published: October 2023

O texto aqui referendado tem como objetivo primeiro avaliar a formação acadêmica e a atuação profissional de 64 (sessenta e quatro) músicos ligados ao universo da música popular na cidade de São Paulo. O questionário produzido, contendo 9 (nove) questões, demonstrou que independentemente da sua atuação profissional, esses entrevistados tiveram uma formação musical obtida em escolas de ensino de música com missões pedagógicas diferenciadas e que embora alguns deles se declararam autodidatas, não são classificados como autodidatas puros. As entrevistas realizadas demonstram que os músicos populares estão buscando cada vez mais obterem um aprimoramento pedagógico eficaz para melhor se desempenharem profissionalmente, muitos se dedicando ao ensino de música popular em escolas e faculdades de música e com pesquisas voltadas para essa temática realizadas nos cursos de pós-graduação.
Vanguarda Paulista e a abertura política: a canção como um agente da redemocratização, na São Paulo dos anos 1970-1980
Authors: Valente Heloísa de Araújo Duarte , Clemente Mauro Nascimento
Published: October 2023

Os anos 1970 e 1980, no Brasil, foram marcados pelo processo de abertura política e redemocratização. Neste mesmo período, uma eloquente produção de música experimental, alternativa e independente surgia com considerável força local, a chamada “Vanguarda Paulista”. O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar que os espaços da música popular já estavam controlados pelas gravadoras multinacionais e o poder ideológico das canções havia sido neutralizado pela lógica da indústria cultural. Para tanto, utilizam-se os conceitos de “táticas cotidianas”, de Michel de Certeau; e de “Música de Invenção”, de Augusto de Campos, para analisar o desafio da Vanguarda Paulista em conseguir seu lugar à margem do espectro do mercado fonográfico, e atingir o grande público com a maior liberdade criativa possível. Neste contexto, o artigo seleciona os grupos musicais Rumo, Língua de Trapo e Premeditando o Breque (Premê), analisando canções que abordam temáticas relacionadas ao momento sociopolítico, utilizando autores como Marcos Napolitano, José Adriano Fenerick, Éder Sader e outros, que discutiram sobre este processo de abertura e suas implicações no âmbito cultural. Algumas conclusões parciais apontam que essas canções da Vanguarda Paulista formam bricolagens de estilos e gêneros musicais; e que podem ser ouvidas como relatos cotidianos de um determinado espaço temporal e físico.
A Periodontal Perspective on the Successful Treatment of Recurrent Benign Gingival Lesions Affecting the Anterior Dentition: Two Case Reports
Authors: Liss Hannah A , Wang Yu , Shoushtari Reza Hakim , Sourvanos Dennis , Alawi Faizan , Fiorellini Joseph P , Korostoff Jonathan
Published: October 2023

Recurrent benign gingival lesions occurring in the anterior dentition are clinical dilemmas. While complete removal of such lesions is required to prevent recurrence, this can result in a poor esthetic outcome. Relative to this conundrum, this report discusses the diagnosis, psychologic management, and clinical treatment of two patients with recurring lesions on the facial gingiva of the mandibular and maxillary incisors, respectively. Patient A, a 55-year-old woman, presented with a recurrent peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF); Patient B, a 76-year-old man, presented with a recurrent pyogenic granuloma (PG). Both patients underwent multiple procedures and were ultimately treated without lesion recurrence. The efficacious surgical treatment of recurrent gingival lesions like POF and PG requires an aggressive approach involving lesion removal of the lesion as well as a 1.0- to 2.0-mm margin of normal tissue, underlying alveolar bone, and associated periodontal ligament (PDL). The rationale for this approach stresses the potential periodontal and esthetic ramifications that were considered. In summary, when recurrent benign gingival lesions are localized to the anterior part of the mouth, the approach to their surgical removal should be modified to minimize the extent of gingival recession and other potential esthetic issues.
Ocimum gratissimum L. ssp. gratissimum var. macrophyllum Briq. (Lamiaceae: Nepetoideae: Ocimeae) a new record from northeastern India
Authors: Mamita Kalita  , Devi Nilakshee , Narzary Diganta
Published: October 2023

The genus Ocimum means fragrant-lipped, characterized by the presence of the upper lobe of the calyx, which is large anddecurrent. Ocimum gratissimum L. is conventionally known as Clove Basil due to its foliage which smells like cloves. The present studyreports the extant distribution of O. gratissimum L. ssp. gratissimum var. macrophyllum Briq. across northeastern India. It is a newdistribution record for the flora of Assam and northeastern India. A comprehensive description along with photographs, taxonomic notes, and diagnostic keys has been provided to aid identification.
Fine structure of sensilla on the proboscis of the Indian Honey Bee Apis cerana indica Fabricius (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: A.G. Suhas Krishna  , Varija Raghu Shamprasad , Rajashekhar K. Patil
Published: October 2023

Honey bees feed on flowers from which they collect nectar and pollen and their mouth parts are designed for fluid-feedingfrom flowers. The proboscis consists of a ‘tongue’ that includes a long glossa and ends in a spoon-shaped labellum, labial palp, galea and mandibles. The sensilla on the proboscis assists in nectar feeding. A study of the chemosensory hairs on the proboscis was carried out in Apis cerana indica collected from apiaries at the foot of Western Ghats, India. Light- and scanning electron microscopy were employed. In addition, silver staining was carried out to distinguish different types of chemosensilla. The glossa has 60 sensilla chaetica that stain by silver nitrate technique. The length (110 μ), width (2 μ) and spacing of microtrichia on glossa and forked hairs on the labellum are suited for the collection of nectar due to viscosity and to reduce leakiness while feeding. The length of the glossa being short suggests that A. cerana indica feeds on small-sized flowers that are not tubular. The labial palp has sensilla chaetica A and sensilla chaetica B distinguished by their length and sensilla basiconica, all of which are silver nitrate-positive and thus chemosensory in nature. Distal galea has sensilla basiconica, sensilla chaetica A and B and sensilla coeloconica. The maxillary palp is a mechanosensory structure. The bulge on the galea near the maxillary palp has chemosensory sensilla chaetica. Mandibular hairs did not stain with silver and are hence mechanosensory. The sensilla on proboscis in A. cerana indica is comparable to mouth part sensilla in Apis mellifera and Apis florea. The position of the chemosensilla at different regions suggests their role in tasting nectar, detecting the flow of nectar, and the dimensions of the flower and pollen.
The study of biogeographic patterns of the genus Parmotrema in Wayanad District, Kerala with a new record in India
Authors: Joseph Bibin , Sinisha Edathumthazhe Kuni , Jaseela Valiya Thodiyil , Pulparambil Harshid , Pradeep Nedumparambil Sukumaran
Published: October 2023

This research focuses on Wayanad District within the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve of the Western Ghats, a renowned hotspot forlichen diversity. A thorough investigation documented 10 distinct Parmotrema species, with one newly identified species (Parmotremaclavuliferum). Each species was comprehensively described, encompassing their morphological, chemical, and biogeographicalcharacteristics. The core objective of this study revolves around conservation and sustainable utilization of this valuable bioresource.This research contributes to our understanding of lichen ecosystems, particularly in regions facing diverse threats, and underscores the importance of the Wayanad District within the broader context of biodiversity conservation.
Coyote Killing: Where Species and Identities Collide
Authors: Alexander Shelley , Draper Dianne , Boesel Alexandra
Published: October 2023

Although predator killing is a global phenomenon, few studies interrogate the individual and societal drivers of choosing lethal versus non-lethal actions towards coyotes. Results here derive from 48 in situ, semi-structured interviews conducted during 2015–2017 with rural residential and agricultural landowners in the Foothills Parkland Region of Alberta, Canada. Interviews recorded landowner experiences with coyotes, and their perceptions, values, beliefs, animal husbandry practices, and actions towards coyotes. Invoking a critical geography perspective and grounded theory methods, we found the practice of coyote killing and anti-coyote sentiments to be deeply entangled with and mutually reconstituted by constructs of “masculinity,” “rurality,” and colonial settler identity. Coyote killing also appeared as a form of discursive power, arising from urban-rural tensions. Finally, geographies of local history, family, and community intersected with identity, gendered-labor, and power – placing coyotes in a vicious and ongoing cycle of oppression and violence.
After “40 Cases”
Authors: Dougherty M. V.
Published: October 2023

This article documents how a serial plagiarism case discovered over a decade ago continues to generate negative effects in the downstream research on medieval and early modern philosophy. The ongoing positive citation of the 40 plagiarizing articles and book chapters – including those retracted by their publishers – affects the reliability of later scholarship in several ways. The present state of affairs is the joint result of authors, editors, peer reviewers, and publishers who continue to allow (and in some cases, support) the publication of new works across a variety of genres that contain positive citations to the 40 plagiarizing articles and book chapters. The problem shows no signs of abating; the plagiarizing articles and book chapters continue to acquire positive citations in new publications, including authoritative reference works. The breach of research standards is further shown by the fact that even a non-existent publication by the plagiarist continues to acquire positive citations.
Souvenir Photography in Japan: Between Stereotype and Art
Authors: Noda Renate
Published: October 2023

Japanese photo albums were a popular souvenir of Western travellers from Japan at the end of the 19th century. Using the photo collection of the Übersee-Museum Bremen, it will be shown, that not only were the photos elaborately hand-coloured by masters of woodblock printing, but also the motives and the staging of the depicted scenes were influenced by this genre. Although many of the photographs recreated the everyday life of the pre-modern Edo period (1600‒1868), they were seen in the West as an up-to-date, realistic depiction of conditions in contemporary Japan. Yet, Japan had been transitioning into a modern nation that sought symbols for its emerging national identity. These included samurai, cherry blossoms, and the geisha. This is reflected in the photographs, which stand in a tension between self-perception and the perception of the other. In the West they have shaped the romanticized, clichéd ideas about Japan, just as the woodblock prints did before them.
Mapping the Islamic Ethical Discourse on Prenatal Diagnosis and Termination of Pregnancy: A Methodological Analysis
Authors: Jaser Noor , Ahaddour Chaїma
Published: October 2023

The development of prenatal diagnosis technologies has created challenging ethical situations and raised complex ethical questions. The hardest among these is the question of whether to continue or terminate pregnancies due to fetal anomalies. This article examines the Islamic methodological approaches that are employed to resolve contemporary issues pertaining to prenatal diagnosis and termination of pregnancy due to fetal anomaly. The objective is, firstly, to understand on which basis the various Islamic views and perspectives have been constructed, and secondly, to assess the rules and principles that Muslim jurists apply to arrive at decisions regarding prenatal diagnosis and termination of pregnancy across the different schools of thought. This helps in identifying the methodological characteristics of contemporary Islamic discourse on prenatal diagnosis and termination of pregnancy, and recognizing existing gaps. This methodological analysis aspires to generate further and richer discussion on how to develop thorough ethical approaches to prenatal diagnosis and termination of pregnancy due to fetal anomaly with the aim of advancing antenatal care for Muslim patients. Key concepts and principles within Islamic theology, law, and ethics are explored.
The Common Heritage of Humankind Principle and Marine Genetic Resources: A Critical Assessment of the BBNJ Process
Authors: Samata Norihito
Published: October 2023

This article explores the negative implications of the biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (‘BBNJ’) process for the common heritage of humankind (‘CH’) principle, focusing on the discussions over its applicability to Marine Genetic Resources (‘MGRs’). This article argues that the CH under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea for deep-sea mineral resources was neither necessary nor desirable for MGRs governance. An analysis of the BBNJ process demonstrates that CH’s exploitation bias is still persistent, which makes this principle politically controversial and prevents the principle from embracing sustainable development. Indeed, Article 7 of the Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction stipulates the CH as a general principle of the new BBNJ regime. However, the BBNJ negotiations failed to articulate how the CH principle can contribute to managing the living resources, MGRs, in areas beyond national jurisdiction. This finding would cast doubt on the alleged potential of the CH principle to govern a broad range of subjects or resources other than deep-sea minerals.
Charge Couple Device (CCD) Photoelectric Signal Data Acquisition and Its Application in the Machine Vision of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Liu Yan , Zeng Jianhang
Published: October 2023

The development of Charge Couple Device (CCD) technology is particularly rapid in the fields of image sensors and non-contact measurement. In this study, a data acquisition device applied to CCD photoelectric detection system is designed. Among them, the design of the Differential Amplification
(DA) module, Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) module, First In First Out (FIFO) cache module, and Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD) module in this device are emphasized. The ADC circuit in the ADC module converts two 4 MHz analog photoelectric signals generated by the CCD sensor at
a frequency of 8 MHz, and then outputs 12-bit digital signals. The collected photoelectric signal is used to detect the damage to the surface of ancient buildings with the machine vision technology of artificial intelligence (AI). In the test, the DA circuit can adjust the voltage range of
two photoelectric analog signals output by CCD to a predetermined range (1.5 V∼2.0 V). In the ADC circuit test, there is no data in the FIFO when there is no input conversion, and the converted data will be stored in the internal FIFO during the conversion clock period. Based on machine
vision technology, surface damage types of ancient buildings are defined, namely spalling, cracks, and disruption, and surface image samples are generated from collected signals. The samples are trained using the convolutional neural network, and the classifier is generated. The test reveals
that the designed photoelectric signal acquisition device and AI machine vision technology can accurately classify the surface damage of ancient buildings.
Infrared Thermal Imaging Analysis of Thermal Insulation Performance in SiO2 Aerogel Fabric
Authors: Chen Wen-Xiao , Sun Nan , Shen Yue , Yan Xue-Feng , Ma Yan , Hashem Mohamed , Fouad Hassan
Published: October 2023

This study investigates the thermal insulation performance of SiO2 aerogel fabric using infrared thermal imaging. Surface temperature and heat distribution were measured utilizing an infrared thermometer. The impact of various factors, including molding process, weight, and
layers, on the fabric’s thermal insulation performance was systematically analyzed. The findings reveal that fabric produced through fiber mixing with aerogel powder exhibits superior thermal insulation properties compared to powder impregnation. Moreover, an increase in layers and weight
corresponds to a reduction in surface temperature and an expansion in the area with lower temperatures. This effect indicates an enhancement in heat propagation range and an improvement in overall insulation performance.
Sr2+ and Co2+ Co-Doped LaAlO3 Leads to Synergistic Enhancement of Electric Heating and Infrared Radiation Abilities for MEMS Light Source Application
Authors: Hou Haigang , Sun Xiaoyun , Zhang Dongliang , Yang Jian , Hussain Shahid , Hashem Mohamed , Liu Guiwu , Qiao Guanjun
Published: October 2023

The MEMS infrared light source is one of the core components of the NDIR gas sensor, and its thermal stability, emissivity, and modulation characteristics all have a crucial impact on the accuracy and sensitivity of the entire device for gas detection. This paper provides a detailed
analysis of the structure and working principle of MEMS light source chips, and starting from the idea of multi-functional materials, proposes a new MEMS infrared light source chip design concept for achieving high efficiency the electric heating and thermal to light conversions simultaneously
by a monolayer of multi-functional material. Based on this concept, La0.7Sr0.3Al0.5Co0.5O3 material was successfully prepared used a chemical co-precipitation method and confirmed by XRD. By doping the Sr2+ and Co2+
at the A and B sites of LaAlO3 material separately, the approximately insulating LaAlO3 material has a certain degree of conductivity and electric heating ability. Moreover, the co-doping of Sr2+ and Co2+ also makes LaAlO3
material exhibit excellent infrared radiation ability in the range of 2.5–25 μm. Based on lattice structure of La0.7Sr0.3Al0.5Co0.5O3 and SEM research, the principle of enhancing conductivity and emissivity has been analyzed
in detail.
Measuring Ice Pellets and Refrozen Wet Snow Using a Laser-Optical Disdrometer
Authors: Lachapelle Mathieu , Thompson Hadleigh D. , Leroux Nicolas R. , Thériault Julie M.
Published: October 2023

This study aims to characterize the shapes and fall speeds of ice pellets formed in various atmospheric conditions and to investigate the possibility to use a laser-optical disdrometer to distinguish between ice pellets and other types of precipitation. To do so, four ice pellet events were documented using manual observations, macrophotography, and laser-optical disdrometer data. First, various ice pellet fall speeds and shapes, including spherical, bulged, fractured, and irregular particles, were associated with distinct atmospheric conditions. A higher fraction of bulged and fractured ice pellets was observed when solid precipitation was completely melted aloft while more irregular particles were observed during partial melting. These characteristics affected the diameter–fall speed relations measured. Second, the measurements of particles’ fall speed and diameter show that ice pellets could be differentiated from rain or freezing rain. Ice pellets larger than 1.5 mm tend to fall > 0.5 m s−1 slower than raindrops of the same size. In addition, the fall speed of a small fraction of ice pellets was < 2 m s−1 regardless of their size, as compared with a fall speed > 3 m s−1 for ice pellets with diameter > 1.5 mm. Video analysis suggests that these slower particles could be ice pellets passing through the laser-optical disdrometer after colliding with the head of the instrument. Overall, these findings contribute to a better understanding of the microphysics of ice pellets and their measurement using a laser-optical disdrometer.

Significance Statement

Ice pellets are challenging to forecast and to detect automatically. In this study, we documented the fall speed and physical characteristics of ice pellets during various atmospheric conditions using a combination of a laser-optical disdrometer, manual observations, and macrophotography images. Relationships were found between the shape and fall speed of ice pellets. These findings could be used to refine the parameterization of ice pellets in atmospheric models and, consequently, improve the forecast of impactful winter precipitation types such as freezing rain. Furthermore, they will also help to physically interpret laser-optical disdrometer data during ice pellets and freezing rain.
Synoptic Climatology of Central U.S. Snowfall
Authors: Suriano Zachary J. , Loewy Charles , Uz Jamie
Published: October 2023

Prior research evaluating snowfall conditions and temporal trends in the United States often acknowledges the role of various synoptic-scale weather systems in governing snowfall variability. While synoptic classifications have been performed in other regions of North America in applications to snowfall, there remains a need for enhanced understanding of the atmospheric mechanisms of snowfall in the central United States. Here we conduct a novel synoptic climatological investigation of the weather systems responsible for snowfall in the central United States from 1948 to 2021 focused on their identification and the quantification of associated snowfall totals and events. Ten unique synoptic weather types (SWTs) were identified, each resulting in distinct regions of enhanced snowfall across the study domain aligning with regions of sufficiently cold air temperatures and forcing mechanisms. While a substantial proportion of seasonal snowfall is attributed to SWTs associated with surface troughs and/or midlatitude cyclones, in portions of the southeastern and western study domain, as much as 70% of seasonal snowfall occurs during systems with high pressure centers as the domain’s synoptic-scale forcing. Easterly flow, potentially resulting in topographic uplift from high pressure to east of the domain, was associated with between 15% and 25% of seasonal snowfall in Nebraska and South Dakota. On average, 64.8% of the SWT occurrences resulted in snowfall within the study region, ranging between 40.1% and 93.5% by SWT. Synoptic climatological investigations provide valuable insights into the unique weather systems that generate hydroclimatic variability.

Significance Statement

By evaluating the weather patterns that are responsible for snowfall in the central United States, key insights can be gained into how and why snowfall varies and potentially changes over space and time. Using an approach that categorizes weather patterns based on their similarities, here 10 unique snowfall-producing weather patterns are identified and analyzed from 1948 to 2021. Each pattern resulted in different snowfall amounts across the central United States, varying substantially spatially and within the calendar year. Approximately 65% of the time that these weather patterns occur, snowfall is observed in the region. The majority of snowfall-producing weather patterns are associated with low pressure systems, but in some regions up to 70% of snowfall is associated with instances of high pressure in which winds can cause upward motions associated with topography.
Topography-Generated Submesoscale Coherent Vortices in the Kuroshio–Oyashio Extension Region from High-Resolution Simulations
Authors: Zhu Ruichen , Yang Haiyuan , Chen Zhaohui , Jing Zhiyou , Zhang Zhiwei , Sun Bingrong , Wu Lixin
Published: October 2023

A variety of submesoscale coherent vortices (SCVs) in the Kuroshio Extension region have been reported by recent observational studies, and the preliminary understanding of their properties, spatial distribution, and possible origins has progressively improved. However, due to relatively sparse in situ observations, the generation mechanisms of these SCVs and associated dynamic processes remain unclear. In this study, we use high-resolution model simulations to fill the gaps of the in situ observations in terms of the three-dimensional structures and life cycles of SCVs. Vortex detection and tracking algorithms are adopted and the characteristics of warm-core and cold-core SCVs are revealed. These vortices have finite Rossby numbers (0.25–0.4), and their horizontal structures can be well described by the Taylor vortex model in terms of the gradient wind balance. The vertical velocity field is characterized by a distinct dipole pattern with upwelling and downwelling cells at the vortex edge. It is very likely that both types of SCVs are generated along the eastern Japan coast through flow–topography interactions, and the Izu–Ogasawara Ridge and Hokkaido slope are found to be two important generation sites where topography friction produces extremely low potential vorticity. After leaving the boundary, SCVs can propagate over long distances and trap a water volume of ∼1011 m3.
Impact of Recreational Cannabis Legalization on Adolescent Cannabis Use in Washington State
Authors: Wu Guangzhen , Biskupiak Anya , Mei Xiaohan , Song Yuying
Published: October 2023

An important public concern about the impact of recreational cannabis legalization is how it may affect adolescent cannabis use. Prior research on this issue has primarily focused on the implications of medical cannabis legalization for adolescents and used data that cover a relatively short post-legalization period. This study extends this line of research by examining the relationship between recreational cannabis legalization and adolescent cannabis use in Washington State, using the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDHU) data from 2005 to 2019. Based on a quasi-experimental research design, this study found some evidence suggesting a positive effect of recreational legalization on the prevalence of adolescent cannabis use and cannabis initiation. Findings suggest the need to create a cannabis regulatory environment that minimizes adolescent access to this drug.
Do You Know What Fake News Is? An Exploration of and Intervention to Increase Youth’s Fake News Literacy
Authors: Tamboer Sanne L. , Vlaanderen Anne , Bevelander Kirsten E. , Kleemans Mariska
Published: October 2023

Youth should be correctly informed about what is happening in the world, but research on empowering people to identify fake news rarely targets youth. To take the first steps in increasing their fake news literacy, this study ( N = 298) qualitatively looks into youth’s (10–12 years old) fake news knowledge and quantitatively tests a fake news e-learning intervention (i.e., an online lesson in which youth learn about fake news and possible solutions). Our investigation of youth’s fake news knowledge showed that, before participating in the intervention, youth already had some knowledge of what fake news is and were aware of its problem. The intervention aimed to increase youth’s knowledge, awareness, and self-efficacy toward fake news. Although it did not increase youth’s knowledge or awareness of fake news, it successfully stimulated their self-efficacy in identifying fake news.
Say Yes to the Grandkids: Grandparenting in Chinese Lesbian and Gay Parent Families
Authors: Wei Wei , Wang Jiayu
Published: October 2023

Drawing data from a study on LGBT parent families that combined in-depth interviews with members of 19 families and a national online survey of 595 families, this paper focuses on the role of grandparents in providing childcare within these families. Similar to their heterosexual counterparts, grandparents are heavily involved in childcare in these lesbian and gay parent families. The participation of the families of origin in childcare not only greatly alleviates the family pressure experienced by our participants due to their alternative sexuality, but also contributes to the normalization of these queer families in the face of public scrutiny. Despite the alternative construction of kinship in queer families, the conventional notion of blood ties still influences grandparents’ involvement in childcare. We contend that grandparenting in LGBT parent families exemplifies the complex yet innovative improvisation of intergenerationality in contemporary China, reflecting the ongoing negotiation between family responsibility and individual autonomy.
The Moral Career of the Genocide Perpetrator: Cognition, Emotions, and Dehumanization as a Consequence, Not a Cause, of Violence
Authors: Luft Aliza
Published: October 2023

Scholars have long argued that dehumanization causes violence. However, others have recently argued that those who harm do so because they feel pressured or view violence as justified. Examining the Rwandan genocide, this article contends that contradictory theories of dehumanization can be reconciled through consideration of cultural and moral sociology. Research on culture and action demonstrates that when people strive to implement new practices, they often explicitly work through them cognitively and emotionally. With time, however, these conscious processes diminish until actions that were once new proceed with ease. In another vein, morality research suggests our affective responses to actions indicate their moral significance; when we do not react emotionally to actions, they are morally irrelevant. Herein, I combine these ideas with a temporal analysis of Hutus’ recollections of killing Tutsi and find cognitive, emotional, and relational transformations rendered killing mundane over time. Dehumanization was a consequence of violence, not a cause.
Numerical Representation for Action in Crows Obeys the Weber-Fechner Law
Authors: Kirschhock Maximilian E. , Nieder Andreas
Published: October 2023

The psychophysical laws governing the judgment of perceived numbers of objects or events, called the number sense, have been studied in detail. However, the behavioral principles of equally important numerical representations for action are largely unexplored in both humans and animals. We trained two male carrion crows ( Corvus corone) to judge numerical values of instruction stimuli from one to five and to flexibly perform a matching number of pecks. Our quantitative analysis of the crows’ number production performance shows the same behavioral regularities that have previously been demonstrated for the judgment of sensory numerosity, such as the numerical distance effect, the numerical magnitude effect, and the logarithmical compression of the number line. The presence of these psychophysical phenomena in crows producing number of pecks suggests a unified sensorimotor number representation system underlying the judgment of the number of external stimuli and internally generated actions.
Please unmute your microphone: Comparing the effectiveness of remote versus in-person percussion training
Authors: Loria Tristan , Duinker Ben , Roth Timothy , Huang Aiyun , Thaut Michael H.
Published: October 2023

Although remote music training has its limitations, the use of technology can lower barriers to its accessibility. This exploratory study compared the effects of remote and in-person percussion training on motor performance, performance quality, and students’ enjoyment. The training involved the motor aspects of playing legato on percussion instruments. Twenty percussionists received the training either remotely from an instructor using videoconferencing technology or in person from the same instructor who was in the training room. Motor behavior, legato expressivity, performance quality, and participants’ self-rated enjoyment were compared to determine potential advantages and disadvantages of training in the two formats. Furthermore, participants rated their interest in continuing to receive training in the same way they had experienced it, remote or in person. Regardless of whether the instructor was remote or in person, participants lifted their mallets to a greater height above the drums post-training, perhaps because there was more spatial and velocity variability in the movements of their elbows and wrists. Changes in their patterns of post-training movements were paralleled by higher ratings for expressivity of legato and performance quality. Critically, participants who received training from the remote instructor expressed greater interest in continuing training than those who received training from the instructor who was physically present, in both the short and long term. These findings may suggest that remote and in-person instruction yielded comparable changes on motor behavior, as demonstrated by the altered speed at which movements of the elbow and wrist were executed, which in turn may influence the perception of expressivity in legato playing. The results may support the use of remote training as an adjunct to physical practice to lower some barriers to music education.
Ertapenem Versus Meropenem for the Treatment of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales Bacteremia in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: VanDorf Sydney , Shah Prakash , Yost Christine N.
Published: October 2023

Background:

The preferred carbapenem for treatment of infections caused by extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) in critically ill patients is debated.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference in clinical failure between ertapenem and meropenem for treatment of ESBL-E bacteremia in critically ill patients. Of concern is ertapenem use in hypoalbuminemia given the potential for higher drug clearance.

Methods:

This retrospective, matched cohort study compared critically ill patients treated with ertapenem or meropenem for ESBL-E bacteremia between October 2016 and August 2022. Patients were matched on age, sex, lowest albumin, and in a 1:2 ratio of ertapenem to meropenem. The primary outcome, clinical failure, was a composite of 30-day mortality, antibiotic escalation, and microbiological failure. Secondary outcomes included all-cause readmission and development of superinfection.

Results:

Of 54 patients, 18 received ertapenem and 36 meropenem. Most had a urinary infection source (55.6% vs 41.7%, P = 0.393). There was no difference in clinical failure (50.0% vs 38.9%, P = 0.436). Ertapenem patients had antibiotic escalation more often (33.3% vs 2.8%, P = 0.002). There was no difference in 30-day mortality (11.1% vs 27.8%, P = 0.298), microbiological failure (27.8% vs 11.1%, P = 0.142), all-cause readmission (22.2% vs 13.9%, P = 0.461), or development of superinfection (11.1% vs 13.9%, P = 1.000).

Conclusion and relevance:

There was no difference in clinical failure in a small, retrospective cohort of critically ill patients receiving ertapenem or meropenem for ESBL-E bacteremia. Ertapenem may be appropriate in some critically ill and hypoalbuminemic patients, though additional data are needed.