bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Online parental mediation strategies in family contexts of Spain
Authors: Martínez Gemma , Casado Miguel-Ángel , Garitaonandia Carmelo
Published: June 2020

This article explores online parental mediation strategies in Spain and their association with sociodemographic and family context factors. The results of a survey conducted at the end of 2018 are presented herein, based on a sample of 2,900 Spanish minors between 9 and 17 years of age who use Internet. The impact of the diverse parental mediation strategies applied to Internet use has been calculated by taking into account the sociodemographic factors of the participating minors (age and gender). Association analysis was performed using the SPSS statistical analysis programme. In this case, an extra analysis was carried out with regard to the relationship of influence between different strategies and the rules of behaviour and family support in the household context as perceived by the minor. Findings suggest that enabling and restrictive mediation strategies are very common in Spanish families, while technical mediation strategies have a very limited presence. It is noteworthy that restrictions and security strategies generally apply more to girls than to boys. Household rules related to the behaviour of minors have a positive correlation with an increase of influence of nearly all strategies. However, there is no relevant association between family support perceived by children and restrictive strategies and techniques applied by parents.

Este artículo explora las estrategias de mediación parental online en España y cómo los factores sociodemográficos y del contexto familiar se asocian con ellas. Se presentan los resultados de una encuesta realizada a una muestra de 2.900 menores españoles usuarios de Internet, entre 9 y 17 años encuestados a finales del año 2018. La incidencia de las diferentes estrategias de mediación parental en el uso de Internet se ha calculado atendiendo a factores sociodemográficas de los menores (edad y sexo). Mediante un análisis de asociación realizado con el programa de análisis estadístico SPSS se explora también la relación de la incidencia de las diferentes estrategias con las reglas de comportamiento y el apoyo familiar en el contexto del hogar percibidas por el menor. Las estrategias de mediación habilitantes y restrictivas tienen una presencia importante en las familias españolas, mientras que las técnicas tienen una presencia muy limitada. Es remarcable que las restricciones y las estrategias de seguridad, generalmente se aplican más a las niñas que a los niños. Las reglas del hogar relacionadas con el comportamiento de los menores se correlacionan positivamente con el aumento de incidencia de casi todas las estrategias, sin embargo, no existe una asociación significativa entre el apoyo familiar percibido por niños y niñas y las estrategias restrictivas y técnicas aplicadas por los padres y las madres.
Perceived sexualization in girls' fashion stylings: A Spain-China cross-cultural analysis
Authors: Díaz-Bustamante-Ventisca Mónica , Llovet-Rodríguez Carmen , Narros-González María-José
Published: June 2020

Many institutions, social and political groups are warning of the risks associated with the early sexualization of childhood. These agents appeal to the responsibility of the media to avoid creating content that may lead to childhood sexualization and that is easily accessible to all audiences. Responding to this demand and through a cross-cultural Spain-China approach, this work focuses on the analysis of the perception of girls’ sexualization in the fashion stylings disseminated by the media. A survey of 750 Communication and Advertising university students in Spain (N=449) and in China (N=301) was carried out. Five latent sexualization factors identified confirm that perceived sexualization in girls’ fashion styling is a multi-dimensional phenomenon that occurs from the combined use of multiple sexualizing attributes. The country of origin (Spain or China) has been associated with the perception of sexualization and the identified latent sexualizing factors. Finally, an explanatory and highly effective predictive model has been obtained for this type of childhood sexualization in terms of the factors and country of origin. Conclusions suggest that it is necessary to reinforce the training of communication professionals and minors to avoid creating images of sexualized girls through certain styling codes.

Numerosas instituciones, grupos sociales y políticos están alertando de los riesgos asociados a la temprana sexualización de la infancia. Estos agentes apelan a la responsabilidad de los medios para evitar la creación de contenidos que puedan derivar en sexualización infantil y que son fácilmente accesibles para todos los públicos. Respondiendo a esta llamada y con un enfoque transcultural España-China, este trabajo se centra en analizar la percepción de sexualización de las niñas en los estilismos de moda difundidos desde los medios. Se ha realizado una encuesta a 750 estudiantes universitarios de Comunicación y Publicidad en España (N=449) y en China (N=301). Se han identificado cinco factores de sexualización latentes que confirman que la sexualización percibida en los estilismos de moda de niñas es un fenómeno multidimensional que se produce por el uso combinado de múltiples atributos sexualizantes. Se ha corroborado que el país de origen (España o China) se asocia con la percepción de sexualización y de los factores latentes sexualizantes identificados. Finalmente, se ha obtenido un modelo explicativo y de elevada eficacia predictiva de la percepción de este tipo de sexualización infantil en términos de los factores y del país de origen. Se concluye que es necesario reforzar la formación de los profesionales de la comunicación y de los menores para evitar la creación de imágenes de niñas sexualizadas a través de determinados códigos estilísticos.
Mobile learning for homework: Emerging cultural practices in the new media ecology
Authors: Rummler Klaus , Grabensteiner Caroline , Schneider-Stingelin Colette
Published: June 2020

This contribution discusses emerging cultural practices of media activities with the example of homework as an out-of-school learning context. Data was collected using diaries on the use of media during out-of-school learning activities. Central theoretical frameworks include the German theory of Medienbildung as an actor’s threefold relation towards the material/factual world, the other/s and society, and her-/himself and the socio-cultural ecology of mobile learning as a triangular relationship between agency, cultural practices and structures. Following a grounded theory approach, data analysis was conducted in an inductive manner, drawing on contemporary methods of computer enhanced qualitative analysis. This article focuses on verbal expressions within the diary entries, implicating cultural practices in everyday media activities and their impact on media use in a domestic learning context, such as homework. Two central aspects are highlighted from the results, exemplifying the category and theory generation. First, “checking”, as one of the reappearing in-vivo codes, will be examined more closely regarding its embedding in media practice and homework. It will be characterised as a daily recurring receptive and productive media practice. Second, apps and services, as well as media hardware used at school, are mirrored in the way students actually use media during homework, mingling with everyday media practices.

Esta contribución se centra en prácticas culturales emergentes en las actividades mediáticas, tomando las tareas como ejemplo de contexto de aprendizaje extraescolar. Usando diarios, se recabaron datos sobre el uso de los medios en las tareas. Sirven como marco teórico, por un lado, la teoría de Medienbildung como triple relación del actor con el mundo material/objetivo, los demás/la sociedad y consigo mismo; y por otro, la ecología sociocultural del aprendizaje móvil, como relación triangular entre agency, las prácticas culturales y las estructuras. Siguiendo la teoría fundamentada, el análisis de datos se realizó de modo inductivo, empleando métodos de análisis cualitativo asistido por ordenador. Este artículo se centra en las expresiones verbales que implican prácticas culturales en las actividades mediáticas cotidianas, así como en su impacto en el uso de medios en un contexto como el de las tareas. Se destacan dos aspectos centrales de los resultados, que ejemplifican la generación de categorías y teorías. En primer lugar, «checking», uno de los códigos in-vivo que se repiten, se analizará a fondo respecto a su incorporación en las prácticas mediáticas y los deberes. Se caracterizará como práctica mediática receptiva repetida diariamente. En segundo, tanto las aplicaciones y los servicios como el hardware de medios empleado en la escuela se ven reflejados en el modo como los alumnos emplean los medios cuando hacen las tareas, combinándolos con prácticas mediáticas cotidianas.
Educational practices to transform and connect schools and communities
Authors: Erstad Ola , Miño Raquel , Rivera-Vargas Pablo
Published: June 2020

The current social and educational challenges force us to rethink the role of educational institutions and digital technologies in the 21st century, which requires a deeper understanding of learning activities in schools. In this article we analyze bottom-up initiatives for educational transformation implemented in public lower secondary schools from Norway, Chile and Spain that involved 230 students and 14 teachers. Three ethnographic case studies were carried out, using individual interviews, focus groups, participant observations and document analysis in six schools. The main goal was to deeply understand how bottom-up school initiatives, with a comprehensive use of digital technologies, are contributing to generate connected practices and to involve teachers, learners and communities in the discussion about what kind of society they want in their future. The results of the analysis indicate that fostering a transformative agency in secondary schools has the potential of engaging students in the exploration of contemporary social issues and that digital connectedness can contribute to connect schools with youth life trajectories and communities. This study on transformative agency and digital connectedness reveals a new path for educational transformation that may interest everybody who, in one way or another, are involved in education systems all around the world.

Los desafíos sociales y educativos que enfrentamos en la actualidad nos obligan a repensar cuál es el rol de las instituciones educativas y de las tecnologías digitales en el siglo XXI, lo cual requiere una comprensión más profunda de las actividades de aprendizaje de las escuelas. En este artículo analizamos iniciativas para la transformación educativa implementadas en centros de secundaria públicos de Noruega, Chile y España que involucraron a 230 alumnos y 14 profesores. Se llevaron a cabo tres estudios de caso etnográficos a partir de entrevistas, grupos de discusión, observaciones participantes y análisis documental en seis centros. El objetivo principal fue comprender en profundidad cómo estas iniciativas contribuyen a generar prácticas conectadas y a involucrar al profesorado, el estudiantado y las comunidades en la discusión sobre el tipo de sociedad en la que quieren vivir en un futuro. Los resultados del análisis indican que el fomento de una agencia transformadora en los centros de secundaria tiene el potencial de involucrar al alumnado en el estudio de problemáticas sociales contemporáneas y que la conectividad digital puede contribuir a conectar las escuelas con las trayectorias de vida y las comunidades de los jóvenes. Este primer estudio sobre agencia transformadora y conectividad digital desvela una línea de transformación educativa que puede interesar a todos aquellos individuos que, de una forma u otra, están involucrados en los sistemas educativos de todo el mundo.
Impact of COVID -19 on MSMEs in India
Authors: Kumar N Pradeep
Published: June 2020

The Micro Small and Medium enterprises (MSMEs) have been accepted as the engine of economic growth
and play an important role in the equitable economic development of country.The MSMEs constitute over 90%
of total enterprises in most of the economies and are credited with generating the highest rates of
employment growth and account for a major share of industrial production and exports.Coronavirus outbreak
is eroding the already battered Indian economy in more ways than one.MSMEs, which is a crucial pillar of
emerging economy like India’s are not able to do business as usual.The main objective of the study is to
measure the major liquidity measures announced by the Central Government in this pandemic situation and
to identify the rise of MSMEs in India and the initiatives by the banks. The study is based on the secondary
data.
Design, Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Authors: Mohammed Gwani , Buhari Mamuda , Kangiwa Umar Muhammed , Danyaro John
Published: June 2020

Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) have attracted a lot of attention recently as an efficient tool in harnessing
wind energy; however these types of wind turbine are faced with some challenges which affect their overall
performance. The Darrieus rotor has difficulty to self-start by itself while the Savonius rotor has low
efficiency. The performance of these turbines can be improved by combining the two VAWTs as one system.
This paper presents the design of a hybrid VAWTs turbine. The Hybrid VAWTs combines the Darrieus rotor
and the Savonius rotor as a single system to produce a high starting torque and enhanced efficiency. The
Savonius rotor is placed at the centre of the three vertical blades of the Darrieus H-rotor to form the hybrid
VAWTs. The hybrid VAWT was tested at four different wind speed i.e. V = 4.80 m/s, 4.50 m/s, 4.30 m/s and
3.90 m/s respectively. The performance of the hybrid VAWT was compared with the conventional straight
bladed VAWT under similar experimental conditions. The obtained results showed that there is substantial
improvement in the self-starting ability and coefficient of power (Cp). At V = 4.80 m/s, the Cp values for hybrid
VAWT increased by 92% compared to straight bladed H-rotor VAWT. Similar improvement was also observed
at wind speed of V = 4.50 m/s, 4.30 m/s, and 3.90 m/s where the Cp values increases by 71%, 10%, and
67% respectively compared to the straight bladed H-rotor.
Analysis & Demonstration of Impact of Air Pollution
Authors: Saha Debjyoti , Patil Shashikant
Published: June 2020

In this study we have analyzed the impact of air pollution in day to day life in all aspects. The main focus
of this contribution is learning about modeling of data by supervised algorithms i.e. (Linear Regression
(regression) and Logistic Regression (classification) and its consequences. This particular analysis ofAir
Pollution Impact (India & US), and factors that affects AQI. The dataset we have used comprises
concentration of pollutants and there is needof each of it for calculating the air quality index, so that is been
calculated further in the process and has been utilized in analysis. Here we also seen the combination of the
independent variables (Interaction effect) and its impact on dependent variable and the accuracy of the model
variation as well as interdependence/ correlation (Multicollinearity) between various independent variable
and its adverse effect on the dependent variable and on the given data model. The solution to the problems of
multicollinearity is also been discussed in the following kernel i.e. Regularization and Stepwise Regression.
Analysis of Converters for Single Phase LED Driver with Input Power Factor Correction
Authors: Gowsalya C K , Narmadhai Dr. N
Published: June 2020

Most of the loads in household are inductive in nature and hence have low power factor. When, the power
factor is low the current flowing through the system components will be higher. It results in heating and
shortens the life of the system. Hence, power factor improvement is necessary. This paper proposes the
comparison of bridgeless Single-ended primary-inductance converter (SEPIC) and bridgeless Landsman
converter with the input power factor correction for LED drive application. The gating signal for switches in
the converters are generated using PWM generator. Bridgeless configuration is used to reduce the conduction
loss in the negative half cycle which improves the efficiency of about 1 to 2% for the entire power supply. In
this configuration number of conducting diodes is reduced. This proposed work is designed and simulated
using MATLAB / Simulink software. The simulated results from the two converters were analyzed for the
input power factor correction.
Inter-Faith Harmony and Contemporary Demands: An Analytical Study in the Light of Divine Teachings
Authors: Shafique Muhammad Mudassar , Naeem Abid
Published: June 2020

Inter-Faith Harmony and Contemporary Demands: An Analytical Study in the Light of Divine Teachings

بین المذاہب ہم آہنگی اور عصر ی تقاضے : الہامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Abstract

Over the course of time and with the rapid increase in human population need for mutual relations become crucial. Resultantly on behalf of this closeness, separation, anti-standpoints and comparisons also emerged. As the time passed by hatred and hypocrisy and other social vices spread on large scale. Thus human society was waiting for such liberator who may lead and work for the betterment of this society. With the dawn of Islamic civilization all such issues were not only resolved but also provided with a model for containing the difference of opinion and multiple traditions under its unique worldview. Islamic History presents itself as a model where the minorities were provided with the opportunities of participating in political, social, educational and collective affairs. Thus in a society where tyranny, injustice, un-forbearance, religious intensity, terrorism and the activities of violating the human rights were very common, were substituted by the Islamic ideal  of forbearance. It is argued here that the solution of all these issues was only in religion contrary to what is being claimed about an idea of social harmony where religion is not given its due position. Today it’s our dire need to develop a sense of harmony, modesty, affection and peacefulness among the masses of various religions of Pakistani society. It is further argued that for this very noble cause all the religious scholars and their followers can come forward playing their pertinent role.

Keywords: Interfaith harmony, present era, divine books, religious personalities, Peace
Pleasure versus Virtue Ethics in The Light of Aristotelians and the Utilitarianism of John Stuart Mills and Jeremy Bentham
Authors: Komu Seraphine S. C
Published: June 2020

The question of the end of morality is certainly as old as moral speculation itself. It is this question that prompted Aristotle speculating on moral or character virtue. Moral question is properly a human question since only human beings are expected to act in a given way and are subject to praise and reward or blame and punishment. We should remember that also God and angels are expected to act in a given way, but that would, strictly speaking, be the subject of moral theology and revelation, since without revelation depending only on reason, we cannot examine the acts of God and angels in order to determine how they should act. In short, it is only human beings who can be judged to act morally or immorally if we depend only on human reason, without the support of revelation. In the whole work, Stuart Mills and Jeremy Bentham stick on happiness, though each differ in approaches. Consequentialists are after the greatest happiness of the greatest number, by advocating on the struggle to that which may make man happy and avoid evil by all means. Aristotle on his side is on eudaimonism, where man is found to be happy but moral happy. Happiness for Aristotle should be reasonable, morally good and means should be maintained. This research is analytical by nature, where both qualitative and analytical methods have been implemented throughout the work. The work has been successful though some challenges could not be avoided. Finally, in doing or acting, man should observe virtue; and this is always doing good and avoiding evil.
Islamic Approach towards Social Construction: An Analytical Study in the Light of Hazrat Umar Farooq’s (RA) Wisdom and Thought
Authors: Ullah Kaleem , Fakahr Ud Din Muhammad
Published: June 2020

تعمیرِسماج کا اسلامی منہج :حضرت عمر فاروقؓ کی فکر و بصیرت کی روشنی میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ

The modern era is considered as advanced and humanized in terms of materialized advancement only. Today the leading societies of the world have created a self-sufficient religion in the name of humanism and have set standards ignoring Divine guidance. Thus, man has the right to decide the rules and norms of society on his own goodwill. As a result, the breaking of family system, appearance of gay and homosexual relations, etc. are being considered as legitimate in many countries where religion is no more considered a guiding principle. On the other hand, revealed religions have focus on the development of humanity in terms of both the ethical and materialistic perspectives. Islam as religion has provided a model of such an advancement and social change in history that has proven that Divine guidance is major source for betterment and development of civilization and humanity. This was practically proven in the time of Muslim golden rule in the world. The caliph Umar (R.A) was the man who introduced for the first time, the principles and values, which has changed the Arabs to a civilized and humanized nation. This huge change was made possible in the light of Divine guidance. In this academic article all such norms, values, and principles that were introduced by Sayyīdnā Umar (R.A) which brought a social change in his Era are discussed. Facts have been collected from historic books and presented following the descriptive and analytical method. Although, the information was narrated and scattered in the books, no proper study was introduced where the role of these reforms in the social construction was analyzed. The aim of the study has to investigate the historic facts of social change in the era of the righteous Caliph Sayyidna Umar bin Khattāb and prepare a guideline for the humanity in present era.
Limits of Participation in Celebration of Non-Muslim’s Events: An Analytical Study
Authors: Ur Rahman Khalil , Riaz Khan Al-Azhari Mohammd
Published: June 2020

غیر مسلموں  کی تقریبات میں شرکت کی حدود وقیود: ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہ

This article aims to highlight an important aspect of Islamic Law, which relates to social life of a Muslim. Islamic law promotes social harmony and tolerance, but it makes it balance in the light of basic principles and objectives of Shar'īah. Likewise, Islamic law determines social relation between Muslims with each other as well as the relation of Muslims with Non-Muslim citizens in the Islamic state. Furthermore, it is very significant to know that a Muslim can participate in the traditional and religious functions of Non-Muslim or not? Islamic law has made some parameters in this regard, in this research paper we have focused on this specific issue of Islamic law and tried to explain the legal status of this issue in the light of Quran, Prophetic traditions, and opinions of Muslim Scholars. The research method applied in this paper is descriptive and critical study of different school of thoughts is also provided. Muslims have a long history of mutual contacts with the non-Muslims guided by the Shar’īah principles as they have come together in every age in different political and geographical contexts. In the early days of Islam, Muslims were in the minority. At that time, Muslims participated in the social life of their non-Muslims neighbors. Islam respects other religions. Provides all kinds of facilities to non-Muslims. And allows Muslims to participate in their legitimate programs.۔
Historical and Evolutionary Analysis of Reasons and Causes of Objections of Orientalism on Prophet’s Biography
Authors: Shaid Bakht , Muhammad Sani Hafiz
Published: June 2020

سیرت طیبہ پر استشراقی فکر کے اعتراضات کے اسباب و عوامل کا تاریخی و ارتقائی جائزہ

Over the course of time and with the rapid increase in human population need for mutual relations become crucial. Resultantly on behalf of this closeness, separation, anti-standpoints and comparisons also emerged. As the time passed by hatred and hypocrisy and other social vices spread on large scale. Thus human society was waiting for such liberator who may lead and work for the betterment of this society. With the dawn of Islamic civilization all such issues were not only resolved but also provided with a model for containing the difference of opinion and multiple traditions under its unique worldview. Islamic History presents itself as a model where the minorities were provided with the opportunities of participating in political, social, educational and collective affairs. Thus in a society where tyranny, injustice, un-forbearance, religious intensity, terrorism and the activities of violating the human rights were very common, were substituted by the Islamic ideal  of forbearance. It is argued here that the solution of all these issues was only in religion contrary to what is being claimed about an idea of social harmony where religion is not given its due position. Today its our dire need to develop a sense of harmony, modesty, affection and peacefulness among the masses of various religions of Pakistani society. It is further argued that for this very noble cause all the religious scholars and their followers can come forward playing their pertinent role.
The Tradition of Innovation in Islamic Civilization: An Exclusive Study of Early Ages of Islam
Authors: Ditta Allah , Muhammad Hasan Mahmood Hafiz
Published: June 2020

اسلامی تہذیب میں تازہ کاری کی روایت: قرون اولی کا اختصاصی مطالعہ

Islamic civilization was founded by the Holy Prophet (May blessings of Allah and peace be upon him) right from the beginning of Islam. Each civilization and every culture are deeply affected by the concurrent cultures and civilizations and it used to adopt and borrow many things from other civilizations. Similarly, Islamic civilization and culture borrowed many aspects from other prevailing civilizations. With the passing day, these intercultural relations and exchanges became the part and parcel of the Islamic civilization. Such communications, and they have marked all epochs in Islamic history, occur in greatly diverse ways. The Holy Prophet also approved some traditions in this regard and the four Caliphs adopted many customs too. This reflects the adoption and concluding from other civilizations is not prohibited in every case, but this adoption must not be against Islamic teachings. Now a days, the entire world has become a worldwide town because of internet and technological developments. It is relatively obvious that Muslims are adopting many things from western civilization and culture without knowing its legitimacy or illegitimacy. Resultantly, these activities apparently become the chunk of Islamic civilization. This investigation seeks guidance from golden period of Islam i.e. early centuries of Islam and describes its validity or voidness. In this article, these experiences of Islamic civilization and culture in adopting and concluding from other civilizations and cultures have been conferred and their principles and opinion of the prominent scholars, in this context, been talked about in the light of Islamic teachings. This study will promulgate awareness about the tradition of innovation in Islamic civilization and will provide guidance to the new researchers about this topic.
Qur’ānic Concept of Divine Mercy Projected through the Pairs of Divine Attributes: A Criterion for Social Amelioration
Authors: Ashfaq Muhammad
Published: June 2020

This paper intends to discuss Qur’ānic concept of Divine Mercy in the light of couples of Divine Attributes mentioned at the end of verses in order to study what standards have been given for the best human conduct and how we may extract guideline and principles for communal amelioration acquiring well-balanced social rhythm. Conversely, what are the conditions and prerequisites that are responsible to make a person deserving and worthy of Divine Mercy as advised by Qur’ānic verses from within the domain of selected pairs. This paper desires to estimate the hypothesis that Divine Mercy gives rise to the better understanding leading towards broad spectrum of the subject theme where social betterment is greatly concerned. Employing analytical method, we may be able to know multiple dimensions regarding human life and its rectification. This study concludes that from the universal message of Divine Mercy each pair demonstrates its unique communication, which may cause to find the details for social amelioration as well as practical evidences concerning the better social milieu, instead of just concentrating upon theories and revolving around the ideas in relation to the concept of mercy. This communication finds that how these pairs mutually addressed the humanity to educate them commendable conduct along with preventive measures, for praiseworthy living. It is recommended that this discourse will provide a data from Islamic weltanschauung concerning Divine Mercy projecting an exclusive comparative stance towards different thoughts and religions.
The Role of Values in Social Change: An Analysis from The Qur’ānic Perspective
Authors: Ahmad Anis
Published: June 2020

In the post-industrial revolution world, social change is often studied and understood in the context of change in means of production, mobility, urbanization and change in the constitution of workforce. Role of ethical values is generally confined to personal conduct and manners. Industrial society is supposed to have its own work ethics which may or may not agree with personal ethics and morality. Ethics and morality are generally considered, in the Western thought, as a social construct. Therefore, with the change in means of production or political system, values and morality are also expected to be re-adjusted in order to cope with the changed environment. Sometimes a totally new set of values emerges as a consequence of the change in economic, political, or legal set up. The present research tries to understand the meaning and place of these values in a global socio-cultural framework. Relying essentially on the divine principles of the Qur'ān it makes an effort to understand relevance of these universal and ultimate principles with human conduct and behavior in society.  It indicates that essentially it is the core values, principles, or norms which guide human beings in their interpersonal, social, economic and political matters. Islam being a major civilizing force, culture, and the way of life, provides values which guide both in individual and social matters. The values given by the Qur’ān and the Sunnah are not monopoly of the Muslim. These values are universal and are relevant in a technological society.
Policy Makers’ Perspective on Impacts of Decentralizing Forest Management in Kenya on Forestry Conservation and Community Livelihoods
Authors: Mbuvi Mbuvi Tito E. , Kungu James B.
Published: June 2020

Forests in Kenya were under traditional community management regimes up to 1891 when formal state management of forests started in Vanga Mangrove forest and later the entire country. In 1997 decentralized forest governance was successfully piloted through Participatory Forest Management in Kenya. This informed review of the Forests Act, Cap 385 to The Forests Act, 2005 subsequently revised to Forest Conservation and Management Act, 2016. The Act has explicit support to decentralized forest management with special focus on communities. The study determined the perceptions of policy makers on: why decentralization was introduced; policy makers’ understanding of decentralization and its impact on forest management and community livelihoods. Literature review was conducted, questionnaires administered and Key Informant Interview and Focus Group Discussion held. The policy makers indicated that decentralization was being implemented in the country and they could distinguish the models being practiced and noted that decentralization was facilitating stakeholder participation and improving forest conservation and community livelihoods. The key challenges were; inadequate budgetary allocation; failure by state to transfer key functions to communities but had decentralized roles that reduce costs. The country has three forest management models and each was best in its context but can be enhanced through capacity building, financial support and partnerships.
De Praepositione: The Emerging of Donatus’s Thought on Syntax?
Authors: Nigrelli Castrenze
Published: June 2020

The paper aims at investigating the syntax treatment in late Antiquity through the analysis of the description of prepositions within Donatus’s Artes. As far as an organic and dedicated description of syntax is concerned, the Roman tradition of grammatical studies in late Antiquity shows an overall gap. However, reflections on syntax emerge from the parts of speech descriptions made by grammarians. The ultimate purpose of this paper is to understand if, and to what extent, traces of emerging thought on syntax can be found in Donatus’s description of prepositions. These are regarded as a syntactic object of study by the modern linguistic theory. To that end, the paper focuses on the textual analysis of the de praepositione sections included in both Donatus’s Ars maior and minor, with particular reference to metalinguistic terminology. The analysis highlights some emerging traces of Donatus’s reflection on syntax, although his concept of syntax is distant from the modern one, particularly in reference to a double perspective that concerns his description of the relation between praepositio and casus.
Lexical Phrases: An Essential Brain-Adaptive Requisite for Second Language Acquisition
Authors: Yusuf Nermin Hosny
Published: June 2020

In the incessant attempts to overcome second language (L2) acquisition difficulties and to improve second language proficiency, most of the proposed methodological approaches which address this issue place high value on individual vocabulary and grammar of a second language and fall short of integrating lexical phrases/multi-unit expressions into the teaching approaches. This, if does not exacerbate acquisition difficulties, does not by any means improve it. On this view, the ubiquitous interest in lexical phrases gave rise to their investigation in language acquisition. This paper reviews the importance of lexical phrases in language acquisition by providing further insight into their peripheral role in first language and second language acquisition alike. Also, Evidence from neurolinguistic and psycholinguistic studies are provided to account for lexical phrases representation and brain-adaptability. Further, this paper suggests the implementation of lexical phrases, in general, and the Lexical Approach, in particular, in second language acquisition. Finally, further pedagogical implications as well as self-paced ones are proposed.
Gestation Rate in Beef Cows with Different Calving Orders Submitted to FTAI Protocol: Effects of Body Condition, Number of Progesterone Intravaginal Device Uses and Bull
Authors: Farias Lucas Balinhas , Barbosa Matheus Wrege Meireles , Lopes Matheus Gomes , Fernandes Gabriel Weizenmann , Xavier Ana Laura Aita , Fischer Gustavo , Brauner Cássio Cassal
Published: June 2020

The search for better reproductive rates in beef cattle breeding must consider some important issues, such as nutrition, health, animal category, type of reproductive technique, and selection of animals. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the body condition score (BCS), the number of uses of the intravaginal progesterone device and the effect of the bull on the gestation rate of lactating beef cows, with different calving orders, submitted to a fixed timed artificial insemination (FTAI) protocol. In the study, 623 Aberdeen Angus cows were used, which were categorized into three groups according to the calving order: primiparous cows, second-parity cows, and multiparous cows. On day zero of the FTAI protocol, an evaluation of the BCS of the cows was performed, using progesterone intravaginal devices (IVD) for 9 days, starting from the D0 of the protocol both for used and new IVD. Semen from three different Aberdeen Angus breeders was used. Statistical analysis was made in the NCSS 7.0 software, using the Chi-square test and a significance value of p<0.05. The calving order influenced the pregnancy rate, with the category of primiparous cows having the lowest rates (p<0.05). The BCS and the number of uses of the IVD showed significance only in the primiparous category, in which animals with BCS equal or above 3.5 obtained a higher pregnancy rate, as well as animals with second-use IVD when compared to other groups (p <0.05). Therefore, primiparous cows presented a lower pregnancy rate when compared to the other categories, as well as the BCS and the number of uses of the IVD.
Autocracy, Institutional Constraints and Land Expropriation: A Conceptual Analysis of Land Redistribution in Zimbabwe
Authors: Langton DUBE MAKUWERERE
Published: June 2020

Using the Zimbabwean case, this article explores the assertion that autocracies are better placed than democracies in land redistribution because of lower institutional constraints and concentration of power which makes policy implementation easier. This is rightly so, because such political systems have the notoriety of neutralizing or eliminating the veto gauntlet which is normally strengthened by institutional autonomy.  Extant literature on land reform continues to grapple with overarching questions as to why countries redistribute land, relating to the type of conditions that incubate the need for reform and the political purpose that redistribution serve in this world. Equally important, is the need to interrogate the real beneficiaries of land reform. The study notes that in the post-Cold War globalized era of ‘fractured sovereignty’, redistribution from above remains attractive despite its protracted nature. However, against a post-colonial settler land discourse that memorializes race, privilege, dispossession, and restitution, the article evinces that land redistribution is tainted by elitism, clientelism, and partisanship which eventually distort its structural transformative power.
Creative Education System at Secondary Level in Bangladesh: Teachers’ and Students’ Perspectives
Authors: Yasmin Sabina , Tanny Tahmina Ferdous , Ullah Md. Rahmat
Published: June 2020

The creative education system is introduced in different stream of Bangladesh education towards developing the ingenious capability of students. The study is an endeavour that tries to know the possibilities and difficulties in the creative education system at the secondary level in Bangladesh from the teachers’ and students’ perceptions. It is an exploratory type of research that used primary and secondary sources of information to look for the problems, underlying the system. To collect primary data, Ambarkhana Girls’ High School & College; and Osmani Medical High School of Sylhet Sadar have been chosen as the study area. From the second tier of the chosen institutions; 60 students and 20 teachers are selected using a systematic random sampling method. The social survey method has been implied in this research and data collected through face to face interview method; along with a few well responded and informed respondents’ in-depth interview. Collected data from the respondents are then analyzed through a mixed research approach. The study findings reveal that most of the students signify the system enjoyable to study, memorizing reduced for textbooks learning, and appearance in examination turned easier. While others find the system confusing, difficult to understand questions and answer in examination hall within limited time. Besides, the system reciprocally encourages students to enrol in coaching centres for a vague idea about question pattern; lack of linkage between book and exam questions; and also, to get good marks. Findings from teachers' evaluation depict that though they welcome the system they are not well prepared to assimilate the system because of inadequate training facilities, absence of inquisitive seeking awareness program, dependence on the readymade question paper, challenges exerted on them to give students attention and proper guidance. The study recommends introducing well-researched textbooks avoiding mistakes, improving integrative classroom learning, controlling coaching business, increasing training facilities for teachers, providing awareness programs to make effective the creative education system in a competitive world of education.
Video-assisted nursing intervention: It's effectiveness on bullying prevention measures and procedures among primary school teachers
Authors: Hussein Afaf Abdel Malek , El Shrief Hayam Ahmed , Abed Gehan Ahmed , Ghoneim Azza Abdalla , Badawy Shimaa AbdElhady
Published: June 2020

Background: Bullying commonly defined as an aggressive behavior that is intentional, repeated for a long time and involves an imbalance of power. It can have negative effects on children’s physical and psychological health and can even escalate to the tragedy of suicide. Aim: This study aimed to determine effectiveness of video-assisted nursing intervention on bullying prevention measures and procedures among primary school teachers.Methods: A quasi-experimental design with pre and post-test was used. Sample: Simple random sample of 100 primary school teacher was included. Settings: The study was carried out at four primary schools in Shebin-Elkom and menouf, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. Tools: Tool one: teachers’ self-administered structured interview questionnaire (a) Demographic data (b) Teachers knowledge regarding bullying. Tool two:  bullying preventive measures likert scale.Results: The study showed that after video-assisted nursing intervention there was statistically significant improvement in the knowledge of primary school teachers' about bullying compared to before nursing intervention. Also, there was statistically significant improvement in teachers prevention practices regarding bullying after video-assisted nursing intervention compared to before nursing intervention. There was positive correlation between teachers’ total knowledge scores and total practices scores about bullying post intervention.Conclusions: Implementation of video-assisted nursing intervention achieved significant improvements in the primary school teachers’ knowledge and practices measures regarding bullying prevention. Recommendations: Prominently utilizing video-assisted nursing intervention strategy in teaching bullying to promote children's health and improve knowledge and practices of teachers.
Effectiveness of implementing evidence based practices guidelines regarding blood transfusion on quality of nursing care and patients' safety in Pediatric Units
Authors: Bayoumi Orban Ragab , El-Nagger Nahed Saied Mohamed
Published: June 2020

Background and objective: The new trend that widely accepted in health care institutions is to implement an evidence-based practice. Health facilities frequently integrate standards of practice that reveal current best evidence to increase patients’ outcomes and consequently decrease hospital cost. Transfusion of blood is a cornerstone in managing many critically ill children. However, nurses have a chief role in transfusing blood and their knowledge and performance are important for them to transfuse blood safely and efficiently. Aim: Evaluate the effectiveness of implementing evidence based nursing practices guidelines on quality of nursing care and patients' safety as regards blood transfusion to improve transfusion practices and ensure safety.Methods: A quasi-experimental design. Settings: This study was conducted at Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Room, Medical and Surgical Wards, Hematology/Oncology Units in Children Hospital affiliated to Ain Shams University Hospitals. Sample: A convenience sample composed of 95 pediatric nurses, whom were willingness to participate in the study and 78 children whom were receiving blood transfusion. Tools: I. A Self-Administered Questionnaire Sheet to assess nurses’ knowledge regarding blood transfusion; II. Child’s Medical Record to collect data about child’s health status; III. An Observational Competence Checklist to assess the quality of actual nurses’ practices about Blood Transfusion; and IV. Evidence Based Nursing Practices Guidelines of Blood Transfusion that was described the EBNP guidelines that provide a standardized approach for transfusion (before and after).Results: The studied nurses’ knowledge and practices regarding to blood transfusion were improved and reflected a highly significant differences before and after guidelines implementation.Conclusions: The present study concluded that studied nurses showed an improvement in their knowledge and practices regarding blood transfusion after implementation of evidence based nursing practices guidelines. Recommendation: It is essential that all nurses who administer blood transfusion for children should complete periodic in-services training programs to keep them up to date regarding to safe and efficient administration of blood transfusion.
Personal Income Tax Compliance in Nigeria: A Generalised Ordered Logistic Regression
Authors: Areo Oluwafadekemi S. , Gershon Obindah
Published: June 2020

This paper builds on already existing theoretical and empirical research on the economic and psychological factors used in explaining tax compliance. The likelihood that personal income taxpayers in Nigeria will be tax non-compliant, low tax compliant or tax compliant for either economic or psychological factors and a combination of both factors are evaluated using the Generalised ordered logistic regression. The findings in this paper provide extra information on the mixed results that have been obtained by empirical research on the subject matter of tax compliance by revealing how economic and psychological factors have different likelihood values for individuals to fall into the tax compliant category. This paper recommends that a proper analysis of the peculiar traits of the Nigerian tax system be conducted before decisions are made on either of the economic or psychological factors to be employed, to move personal income taxpayers to the tax compliant category.
Households Health Status in Saudi Arabia: Spatial Distribution and Association With Socioeconomic Factors
Authors: Alnahdi Saleh
Published: June 2020

This paper examines the spatial relationship between Saudi and non-Saudi people's health status and the socioeconomic composition of the neighbourhoods in which they live. Data were recorded from the National Population Health Survey (NPHS) performed by the Saudi General Authority for Statistics (GAS) in 2018. The survey counts 23,980,846 inhabitants grouped into 24,012 households who assessed their health status by gender and administrative region. Only people who are fifteen years of age and over and claiming poor health status were retained in the analysis. We used a Generalized Linear Spatial Model (GLSM) to study the relationship between Saudi and non-Saudi household’s health status and socioeconomic factors. A Gaussian process with a powered exponential spatial correlation function was introduced on the right-hand side of the model to consider the unexplained spatial variation in the data. The statistical results show the progressive increase in the number of Saudi and non-Saudi households claiming poor health status with the high Saudi unemployment rate, low average monthly income and high current daily smokers. The results of the statistical analyses show the wider potential of GLSM for analyzing data of this kind and the important risk of misleading interpretations when the non-spatial analysis is used on spatially structured data. The method of inference was Bayesian using Markov Chain Monte Carlo Implementation.