bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reactivity study of low-coordinate phosphaalkene IMesPPh with Grubbs first-generation ruthenium benzylidene complexes
Authors: Larocque Timothy G. , Lavoie Gino G.
Published: December 2013

Reaction of phosphaalkene IMesPPh (1) with RuCl2L2(CHPh) (L = PPh3 and PCy3) gives either the targeted ruthenium benzylidene complex (2) or the decomposition product (3).
Seeded dispersion RAFT polymerization and synthesis of well-defined ABA triblock copolymer flower-like nanoparticles
Authors: Huo Fei , Gao Chengqiang , Dan Meihan , Xiao Xin , Su Yang , Zhang Wangqing
Published: December 2013

Flower-like triblock copolymer nanoparticles containing a central looped solvophilic block and two outer solvophobic blocks are prepared by seeded dispersion RAFT polymerization.
Versatile synthesis of high surface area multi-metallic nanosponges allowing control over nanostructure and alloying for catalysis and SERS detection
Authors: Tang Shaochun , Vongehr Sascha , Wang Yongguang , Cui Juan , Wang Xiangyu , Meng Xiangkang
Published: December 2013

Highly catalytic multi-metal nanosponges with high surface areas and controllable composition, porosity, size, and alloying are synthesized by a template- and surfactant-free method.
Membrane transport in the malaria parasite and its host erythrocyte
Authors: Kirk Kiaran , Lehane Adele M.
Published: December 2013

As it grows and replicates within the erythrocytes of its host the malaria parasite takes up nutrients from the extracellular medium, exports metabolites and maintains a tight control over its internal ionic composition. These functions are achieved via membrane transport proteins, integral membrane proteins that mediate the passage of solutes across the various membranes that separate the biochemical machinery of the parasite from the extracellular environment. Proteins of this type play a key role in antimalarial drug resistance, as well as being candidate drug targets in their own right. This review provides an overview of recent work on the membrane transport biology of the malaria parasite-infected erythrocyte, encompassing both the parasite-induced changes in the membrane transport properties of the host erythrocyte and the cell physiology of the intracellular parasite itself.
Design of complementary reflectarray
Authors: Carluccio G. , Mazzinghi A. , Freni A.
Published: December 2013

A novel solution for the manufacture of a reflectarray antenna is presented. The unit cell simply consists of dielectric foam inserted between two thick metallic plates. The plate illuminated by the feeder is a 0.5 mm‐thick stainless steel sheet into which the C and the reverse C slots are laser cut. This solution allows one to obtain an efficient, robust and compact antenna with low‐cost manufacturing process even for no mass production. Preliminary measurements show the feasibility of the proposed solution and its performances.
Single‐stage high‐power factor half‐bridge flyback converter with synchronous rectifier
Authors: Kim Kyu‐Tae , Kwon Jung‐Min , Lee Han‐Mo , Kwon Bong‐Hwan
Published: December 2013

In this study, a single‐stage half‐bridge flyback converter using a synchronous rectifier (SR) is proposed to achieve unity power factor and higher efficiency. The proposed power factor correction can achieve almost a unity power factor and low input ripple current. The asymmetrical pulse‐width modulation (APWM) half‐bridge flyback converter operates under zero‐voltage switching to reduce switching losses. The conduction loss of the system can be reduced by replacing the diode rectifier with an SR using a low on‐resistance metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor and the SR switch operates under zero‐current switching. Detailed analysis is presented on the proposed converter. Experimental results for a 24 V/200 W converter at a constant switching frequency of 100 kHz were obtained to prove the analysis.
Decision criterion based on sensitivity analysis to solve microwave heating in a single‐mode cavity
Authors: Oliveira Diogo Batista , Silva Elson Jose , Batalha Rose Mary S.
Published: December 2013

This study presents advances in microwave heating simulations in a single‐mode rectangular cavity via numerical method. The main contribution of this work is to propose a new decision criterion that provides the instant when the electric field must be recalculated when solving the thermal–electromagnetic problem inside the cavity. In most cases, the decision criteria found in the literature are empirically based on the variation of the loss factor. In this work, it is shown that the authors may introduce significant errors in the results and/or increase the simulation time. Here, the decision criterion is based on sensitivity analysis techniques that evaluate the derivative of the electric field with respect to the complex permittivity. Numerical results show that the new decision criterion works well for different load conditions and can be easily implemented with a hybrid analytical‐finite element method.
Wider Economic Benefits from Communication-Cost Reductions: An Endogenous Growth Approach
Authors: Bröcker Johannes
Published: December 2013

The paper examines the impact of communication-cost reductions on growth and welfare by means of an endogenous spatial growth model. Policy makers favouring certain infrastructure investments often claim that such projects have growth-stimulating effects that generate ‘wider impacts’ in terms of welfare, over and above producer and consumer surplus effects, which are typically measured by traditional cost–benefit analysis. It is well understood that such wider impacts cannot arise in a first-best environment with perfect competition and zero externality. But, if the market allocation is not first-best, wider effects do occur and can in principle be positive or negative. Recent literature has shown that freight-cost or commuting-cost reductions can have wider impacts. While large infrastructure projects, such as high-speed trains, have no direct effect on freight costs and little effect on commuting costs, they are nevertheless conjectured to generate wider impacts. The typical argument is that high-speed trains reduce the costs of face-to-face contacts. This promotes innovation, which in turn exerts a positive externality on growth. To verify these claims rigorously, I have set up a Romer-type endogenous growth model for a multiregional economy. In this model innovators need to learn from the existing stock of knowledge by communicating with others across space, which is a costly activity. I show that, at the margin, reducing these costs generates a welfare gain that consumers value more than the cost reduction itself.
Equilibrium versus Dynamics in Urban Modelling
Authors: Simmonds David , Waddell Paul , Wegener Michael
Published: December 2013

The use of equilibrium formulations in urban modelling is increasingly challenged by models that explicitly address the dynamics of urban change. Equilibrium models assume that urban land use and transport converge to equilibrium between supply and demand and focus on comparative static analysis of these equilibria. Dynamic models consider the different speeds of processes of urban change and concentrate on their outcomes over time and the path dependence this implies. It is becoming increasingly apparent that without understanding the inherent inertia of different subsystems of cities it is impossible to assess their likely responses to land-use or transport policies. With new challenges from energy scarcity and climate change, the time horizon of urban planning is extending beyond the present generation; this makes a long-term perspective of urban models even more important. In this paper our aim is to revive the debate on whether modelling intended to inform decision making can reasonably represent cities as if they were in or near equilibrium or whether it needs to recognise explicitly that they are continuously changing and far from equilibrium. We start with a classification of urban change processes by speed of adjustment and show how equilibrium models fail to deal with them. We discuss options of modelling dynamics and argue for recursive dynamics or quasi-dynamics as a rational trade-off between theory and operationality in spatially disaggregate urban models. We illustrate this by comparing how three existing recursive or quasi-dynamic urban models address temporal dynamics and close by suggesting research needs.
SIMULACRA: Fast Land-Use—Transportation Models for the Rapid Assessment of Urban Futures
Authors: Batty Michael , Vargas Camilo , Smith Duncan , Serras Joan , Reades Jon , Johansson Anders
Published: December 2013

We are building a series of fast, visually accessible, cross-sectional, hence static urban models for large metropolitan areas that will enable us to rapidly test many different scenarios pertaining to both short-term and long-term urban futures. We call this framework SIMULACRA which is a forum for developing many different model variants which can be finely tuned to different problem contexts and future scenarios. The models are multisector, dealing with residential, retail/service, and employment location, are highly disaggregate, and subject to constraints on land availability and transport capacities. They have an explicit urban economic focus around transport costs, incomes, and house prices and thus encapsulate simple market-clearing mechanisms. Here we will briefly outline this class of models, paying particular attention to their structure and the way physical flows and locations are mirrored by economic flows in terms of costs and prices. Several versions of the model now exist, but we will focus, first, on the simplest ‘one-window’ desktop pilot version with the most obvious graphical interface; and, second, on a much more elaborated framework developed for web access, extensible to web service architectures and other related services. To demonstrate its flexibility and intelligibility, we define the various interfaces and demonstrate how the aggregate model can be calibrated to the wider London region to which it is applied. We will demonstrate the model, albeit briefly with respect to the rapid assessment of different urban futures—“what-if” scenarios, based on the impact of new London airports in the Thames Estuary. The key feature of this entire project is that the model and its variants can be run in a matter of seconds, thus entirely changing the traditional dialogue associated with their use and experimentation.
Critical slowing down as early warning for the onset and termination of depression
Authors: van de Leemput Ingrid A. , Wichers Marieke , Cramer Angélique O. J. , Borsboom Denny , Tuerlinckx Francis , Kuppens Peter , van Nes Egbert H. , Viechtbauer Wolfgang , Giltay Erik J. , Aggen Steven H. , Derom Catherine , Jacobs Nele , Kendler Kenneth S. , van der Maas Han L. J. , Neale Michael C. , Peeters Frenk , Thiery Evert , Zachar Peter , Scheffer Marten
Published: December 2013

Significance

As complex systems such as the climate or ecosystems approach a tipping point, their dynamics tend to become dominated by a phenomenon known as critical slowing down. Using time series of autorecorded mood, we show that indicators of slowing down are also predictive of future transitions in depression. Specifically, in persons who are more likely to have a future transition, mood dynamics are slower and different aspects of mood are more correlated. This supports the view that the mood system may have tipping points where reinforcing feedbacks among a web of symptoms can propagate a person into a disorder. Our findings suggest the possibility of early warning systems for psychiatric disorders, using smartphone-based mood monitoring.
Restoration of testis function in hypogonadotropic hypogonadal mice harboring a misfolded GnRHR mutant by pharmacoperone drug therapy
Authors: Janovick Jo Ann , Stewart M. David , Jacob Darla , Martin L. D. , Deng Jian Min , Stewart C. Allison , Wang Ying , Cornea Anda , Chavali Lakshmi , Lopez Suhujey , Mitalipov Shoukhrat , Kang Eunju , Lee Hyo-Sang , Manna Pulak R. , Stocco Douglas M. , Behringer Richard R. , Conn P. Michael
Published: December 2013

Significance

Many diseases result from genetic mutations that cause protein misfolding. Medical treatments often address the symptoms, but do not correct the underlying etiology. This study illustrates proof of principle that a disease caused by a misfolded cell surface receptor can be corrected with a pharmacoperone, a unique class of target-specific drugs that assist protein folding.
Role of Loc1p in assembly and reorganization of nuclear
ASH1
messenger ribonucleoprotein particles in yeast
Authors: Niedner Annika , Müller Marisa , Moorthy Balaji T. , Jansen Ralf-Peter , Niessing Dierk
Published: December 2013

Significance

Cytoplasmic mRNA localization is preceded by the formation of nuclear pre-mRNPs. To date the requirement of the nuclear mRNP assembly is not well understood. We used
ASH1
mRNA localization from budding yeast to understand the mechanisms of nuclear priming for cytoplasmic mRNA transport. We found that the nuclear factor Loc1p is required to stably and specifically tether the bona fide
ASH1
RNA-binding protein She2p to RNA in the nucleus, offering an explanation for the requirement of Loc1p for
ASH1
mRNA localization. Because Loc1p is not part of the cytoplasmic
ASH1
mRNP, it must be removed before mRNA transport. We show that the cytoplasmic transport factor She3p displaces Loc1p from the
ASH1
mRNP, allowing for the maturation of the localizing
ASH1
mRNP.
RNF168 ubiquitylates 53BP1 and controls its response to DNA double-strand breaks
Authors: Bohgaki Miyuki , Bohgaki Toshiyuki , El Ghamrasni Samah , Srikumar Tharan , Maire Georges , Panier Stephanie , Fradet-Turcotte Amélie , Stewart Grant S. , Raught Brian , Hakem Anne , Hakem Razqallah
Published: December 2013

Significance

DNA damage-repair mechanisms are highly regulated, and posttranslational modifications are one means of such regulation. p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) is important for the response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Here we report that its functions are regulated by RING finger 168 (RNF168), a DNA DSB-signaling protein that is mutated in the human radiosensitivity, immunodeficiency, dysmorphic features, and learning difficulties syndrome. We show that before their localization to DNA DSBs, RNF168 interacts with 53BP1 and modifies it through the addition of a chain of ubiquitin-polypeptides. We also show that Lysine 1268 of 53BP1 is important for its ubiquitin modification by RNF168 and that loss of this modification impairs 53BP1 recruitment to sites of DNA damage and restrains its functions in the repair of DNA damage and maintenance of genomic stability.
Structural basis of reverse nucleotide polymerization
Authors: Nakamura Akiyoshi , Nemoto Taiki , Heinemann Ilka U. , Yamashita Keitaro , Sonoda Tomoyo , Komoda Keisuke , Tanaka Isao , Söll Dieter , Yao Min
Published: December 2013

Significance

Template-dependent RNA and DNA polymerization is a vital reaction in the cell and is believed to occur exclusively in the forward direction (5′-3′), which poses significant challenges to the cell in, for example, lagging strand synthesis. Although cells are mostly limited to unidirectional polymerization, we find that reverse polymerization is structurally and chemically possible utilizing the same structural core, the conserved palm domain of canonical polymerases. The structure of a unique reverse nucleotide polymerase-tRNA complex revealed that the direction of polymerization is determined by the orientation of approach of the polynucleotide substrate. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that reverse nucleotide polymerization is a primordial activity of the polymerase family.
Convergence of Einstein Yang-Mills systems
Authors: Shao Hongliang
Published: December 2013

In this paper, we prove a convergence theorem for sequences of Einstein Yang-Mills systems on

U
(
1
)

U(1)

-bundles over closed

n
n

-manifolds with some bounds for volumes, diameters,

L

2

L^{2}

-norms of bundle curvatures, and

L

n
2

L^{\frac {n}{2}}

-norms of curvature tensors. This result is a generalization of earlier compactness theorems for Einstein manifolds.
Detection of H i absorption in the dwarf galaxy Haro 11
Authors: MacHattie Jeremy A. , Irwin Judith A. , Madden Suzanne C. , Cormier Diane , Rémy-Ruyer Aurélie
Published: December 2013

We present the results of an analysis of archival 21 cm (H i) data of the blue compact dwarf galaxy Haro 11 (ESO 350-IG038). Observations were obtained at the Very Large Array, and the presence of a compact absorption feature near the optical centre of the galaxy has been detected. The central location of the absorption feature coincides with the centre of the continuum background of the galaxy, as well as with the location of knot B. The absorption feature yields an H i mass in the range of 3–10 × 108 M⊙, corresponding to spin temperatures from 91 K to 200 K, respectively. The absence of H i seen in emission places an upper limit of 1.7 × 109 M⊙ on the mass. To our knowledge this is the first example of a dwarf galaxy that shows H i absorption from its own background continuum. The continuum emission from the galaxy is also used to determine star formation rates, namely 6.85 ± 0.05 M⊙ yr−1 (for a stellar mass range of 5 M⊙ < M < 100 M⊙), or 32.8 ± 0.2 M⊙ yr−1 (for an extended range of 0.1 M⊙ < M < 100 M⊙).
From solar-like to antisolar differential rotation in cool stars
Authors: Gastine T. , Yadav R. K. , Morin J. , Reiners A. , Wicht J.
Published: December 2013

Stellar differential rotation can be separated into two main regimes: solar-like when the equator rotates faster than the poles and antisolar when the polar regions rotate faster than the equator. We investigate the transition between these two regimes with 3D numerical simulations of rotating spherical shells. We conduct a systematic parameter study which also includes models from different research groups. We find that the direction of the differential rotation is governed by the contribution of the Coriolis force in the force balance, independently of the model setup (presence of a magnetic field, thickness of the convective layer, density stratification). Rapidly rotating cases with a small Rossby number yield solar-like differential rotation, while weakly rotating models sustain antisolar differential rotation. Close to the transition, the two kinds of differential rotation are two possible bistable states. This study provides theoretical support for the existence of antisolar differential rotation in cool stars with large Rossby numbers.
Lexical learning and lexical processing in children with developmental language impairments
Authors: Nation Kate
Published: December 2013

Lexical skills are a crucial component of language comprehension and production. This paper reviews evidence for lexical-level deficits in children and young people with developmental language impairment (LI). Across a range of tasks, LI is associated with reduced vocabulary knowledge in terms of both breadth and depth and difficulty with learning and retaining new words; evidence is emerging from on-line tasks to suggest that low levels of language skill are associated with differences in lexical competition in spoken word recognition. The role of lexical deficits in understanding the nature of LI is also discussed.
Problems with tense marking in children with specific language impairment: not how but when
Authors: Bishop Dorothy V. M.
Published: December 2013

Many children with specific language impairment (SLI) have persisting problems in the correct use of verb tense, but there has been disagreement as to the underlying reason. When we take into account studies using receptive as well as expressive language tasks, the data suggest that the difficulty for children with SLI is in knowing
when
to inflect verbs for tense, rather than
how
to do so. This is perhaps not surprising when we consider that tense does not have a transparent semantic interpretation, but depends on complex relationships between inflections and hierarchically organized clauses. An explanation in terms of syntactic limitations contrasts with a popular morpho-phonological account, the Words and Rules model. This model, which attributes problems to difficulties with applying a rule to generate regular inflected forms, has been widely applied to adult-acquired disorders. There are striking similarities in the pattern of errors in adults with anterior aphasia and children with SLI, suggesting that impairments in appreciation of when to mark tense may apply to acquired as well as developmental disorders.
Interferon-β and mycophenolic acid are potent inhibitors of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in cell-based assays
Authors: Hart Brit J. , Dyall Julie , Postnikova Elena , Zhou Huanying , Kindrachuk Jason , Johnson Reed F. , Olinger Gene G. , Frieman Matthew B. , Holbrook Michael R. , Jahrling Peter B. , Hensley Lisa
Published: December 2013

The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) presents a novel emerging threat to public health worldwide. Several treatments for infected individuals have been suggested including IFN, ribavirin and passive immunotherapy with convalescent plasma. Administration of IFN-α2b and ribavirin has improved outcomes of MERS-CoV infection in rhesus macaques when administered within 8 h post-challenge. However, detailed and systematic evidence on the activity of other clinically available drugs is limited. Here we compared the susceptibility of MERS-CoV with different IFN products (IFN-α2b, IFN-γ, IFN-universal, IFN-α2a and IFN-β), as well as with two antivirals, ribavirin and mycophenolic acid (MPA), against MERS-CoV (Hu/Jordan-N3/2012) in vitro. Of all the IFNs tested, IFN-β showed the strongst inhibition of MERS-CoV in vitro, with an IC50 of 1.37 U ml−1, 41 times lower than the previously reported IC50 (56.08 U ml−1) of IFN-α2b. IFN-β inhibition was confirmed in the virus yield reduction assay, with an IC90 of 38.8 U ml−1. Ribavirin did not inhibit viral replication in vitro at a dose that would be applicable to current treatment protocols in humans. In contrast, MPA showed strong inhibition, with an IC50 of 2.87 µM. This drug has not been previously tested against MERS-CoV and may provide an alternative to ribavirin for treatment of MERS-CoV. In conclusion, IFN-β, MPA or a combination of the two may be beneficial in the treatment of MERS-CoV or as a post-exposure intervention in high-risk patients with known exposures to MERS-CoV.
An acetonitrile solvatomorph of dichlorido(1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione)platinum(II)
Authors: Hamala Amanda , Fritz Carissa , Rawji Gulnar , Lynch Vincent
Published: December 2013

In the title complex, [PtCl2(C12H6N2O2)]·CH3CN, the PtII atom lies in a slightly distorted square-planar arrangement defined by an N2Cl2 donor set. In the packed structure, columns of complex moieties are stacked such that the neighboring units are oriented at 180° and laterally displaced with respect to each other. This prevents any overlap of the phenanthroline rings and thus there is no possibility of any π–π interactions between aromatic rings.
(E)-3-[(Dimethylamino)methylidene]-4-phenyl-1-(prop-2-ynyl)-1H-1,5-benzodiazepin-2(3H)-one
Authors: Loughzail Mohamed , Baouid Abdesselam , Almeida Paz Filipe A. , Cavaleiro José A. S. , Soumhi El Hassane
Published: December 2013

The title compound, C21H19N3O, exhibits an E configuration with respect to the C=C bond between the benzodiazepine and trimethylamine groups. The seven-membered diazepine ring displays a boat conformation. In the crystal, molecules are linked by a C—H...O hydrogen bond, forming a chain along [110].
Learning by leading
Authors: Jenner Mark , Barnes June , James Steve
Published: December 2013

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to describe an innovative senior-level leadership development programme in housing association, East Thames Group, which was designed to build the capabilities needed to lead the organisation through a transformation in its culture and working practices. The programme engaged leaders in navigating and shaping culture change in East Thames and in so doing significantly enhanced their capacity for self-awareness, decision making and collaboration.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper presents a descriptive narrative of the leadership development process from its inception in November 2011, through the experience of two cohorts comprising 40 senior managers during 2012, to the formal conclusion of the process in January 2013. The narrative employs a modified version of the hero's journey to describe the process of individual and organisational development during this period.

Findings

– The paper proposes an effective alternative to prescriptive, competency-based, leadership programmes which is grounded instead in a problem-solving approach where capacity-building results from participants acting on “wicked” organisational problems and learning by leading.

Research limitations/implications

– Learning by leading is a flexible, highly contextualised alternative to programmatic approaches to leadership development. The challenges faced by East Thames will be familiar to leaders in both public and private sectors. This methodology is relevant wherever the strategic goal is a dual transformation in organisation performance and leadership capacity.

Practical implications

– The paper includes a model of leadership development based on five stages of the hero's journey. These design principles translate into a structure – a container – where leaders can think, act and learn together in order to decide how and where to intervene in their situation to make a difference.

Originality/value

– The paper presents a rare longitudinal description of a senior level leadership development process which used a complex organisational problem as a vehicle for both leadership agency and leadership learning.
Sexual health interventions targeting Mexican migrants: a review
Authors: Frances Barnes Erin , Saraí Dominguez Alejandra , Jazmín González Isabel
Published: December 2013

Purpose

– A systematic literature review was performed to better understand the health promotion interventions proposed within the academic literature that aim to reduce the spread of sexually transmitted disease (STD) among Mexican migrants.

Design/methodology/approach

– The systematic review performed in this paper aimed to answer the research question: What interventions have been proposed within the academic literature to reduce the incidence of STD among Mexican migrants? A five-step decision tree was developed to review the 5,121 generated from the initial query. The final data set included 384 articles, 19 of which focussed on the target population.

Findings

– Results of the systematic review reflected eight themes: cultural, attitudinal, and contextual considerations, behavior modification, demographic factors, education, community mobilization, and access to services. The majority of themes suggest that structural level change is needed.

Originality/value

– Research on Mexican migrants in the USA is scant. Oftentimes research studies focus on “Hispanics” as a unit, neglecting the uniqueness of each individual subgroup. This paper addresses this limitation by focussing on Mexican migrants, a rapidly growing US population.
Assessment measures of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of migrants: a systematic review
Authors: Buchcik Johanna , Westenhoefer Joachim , R. Martin Colin
Published: December 2013

Purpose

– Definition-problems concerning the terms “migrant” and “Health-Related Quality of Life” (HRQoL) have a negative impact on the operationalization and measurement of the multidimensional and subjective construct of HRQoL. The aims of this systematic literature review are to address the following questions: How can the instruments used within the research field “migration and HRQoL” be described or categorized? Which dimensions (psychological, physical and social) and associated sub-dimensions have been used concerning measuring HRQoL when measures are applied to migrants?

Design/methodology/approach

– A systematic review was conducted. Three databases (Medline, Embase and Cinahl) were systematically searched for the investigation on HRQoL of migrants. Articles written in English, German and Polish, published since 2003 and meeting other inclusion criteria, were included in the final analysis.

Findings

– In the first stage a total of 4,062 studies were identified. However, very few studies were found to focus on HRQoL among migrants. Finally, 28 studies were included in the analysis. The results confirm that the terms “migrant” and “Quality of Life” and “Health-Related Quality of Life” are neither congruently used nor defined, respectively, within these studies, which consequently impacts deleteriously on the application and measurement of the concept in these groups. The majority of the studies reported to measure HRQoL with a well-known and validated HRQoL instrument. The physical dimensions (symptoms/pain/vitality, energy/vitality/sleep and the objective/subjective health status) are predominantly represented in the reviewed literature. The psychological dimension mostly includes sub-dimensions such as psychological stress and depressive symptoms; the social dimension was predominantly considered as the sub-dimension social relationships/networking.

Originality/value

– This paper highlights profound issues in the accurate assessment of HRQoL in migrants. This may have a significant impact on delivery of appropriate evidenced-based care for migrants in need of healthcare intervention.
Corporate profit, entrepreneurship theory and business ethics
Authors: Vranceanu Radu
Published: December 2013

Economic profit is produced by entrepreneurs, those special individuals able to detect and seize as yet unexploited market opportunities. Many large capitalist firms manage to deliver positive profits even in the most competitive environments. They can do so, thanks to internal entrepreneurs, a subset of their employees able to drive change and develop innovation in the workplace. This paper argues that the goal of increasing economic profit is fully consistent with the corporation doing good for society. However, there is little justification for corporations to transfer the whole economic profit to shareholders. Economic agents entitled to receive the economic profit are precisely those who create this profit, namely the internal entrepreneurs.
Disasters as an ideological strategy for governing neoliberal urban transformation in Turkey: insights from Izmir/Kadifekale
Authors: Saraçoğlu Cenk , Demirtaş‐Milz Neslihan
Published: December 2013

Since the turn of the twenty‐first century, Turkish cities have undergone large‐scale change through a process referred to as urban transformation, involving, notably, the demolition of inner‐city low‐income settlements. The official authorities and business circles have resorted to various forms of discourse to justify these projects, which have led to the deportation of a significant number of people to peripheral areas. The discourse of ‘natural disasters’, for example, suggests that urban transformation is necessary to protect people from some pending event. Probably the most effective application of this discourse has occurred in Izmir, where the risk posed by ‘landslides’ has played a critical role in the settlement demolitions conducted in the huge inner‐city neighbourhood of Kadifekale. By examining the case of Kadifekale, this paper provide some insights into how ‘natural disasters’ serve as a discourse with which to legitimise the neoliberal logic entrenched in the urban transformation process in Turkey.
Herbage dry‐matter production and forage quality of three legumes and four non‐leguminous forbs grown in single‐species stands
Authors: Elgersma A. , Søegaard K. , Jensen S. K.
Published: December 2013

Agronomic data on most broad‐leaved species of grasslands are scarce. The aim of this study was to obtain novel information on herbage DM yield and forage quality for several forb species, and on species differences and seasonal patterns across harvests and in successive years. Four non‐leguminous forbs [salad burnet (Sanguisorba minor), caraway (Carum carvi), chicory (Cichorium intybus) and ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata)] and three leguminous forbs [yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis), lucerne (Medicago sativa) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus)] and a perennial ryegrass–white clover mixture were investigated in a small‐plot cutting trial in Denmark during 2009 and 2010. Plots were harvested four times per year. On average, annual herbage yield was highest for lucerne (15·4 t DM) and grass–white clover (12·5 t DM ha−1), and lowest for salad burnet (4·6 t DM ha−1) and yellow sweet clover (3·9 t DM ha−1). Ribwort plantain and lucerne had the highest concentrations of acid detergent fibre (339 and 321 g kg−1 DM respectively) and lignin (78 and 67 g kg−1 DM respectively); contents in other species were similar to grass–white clover (275 and 49 g kg−1 DM respectively). No common feature was found within the functional groups of non‐leguminous forbs and leguminous forbs, other than higher crude protein contents (198–206 g kg−1 DM) in the legumes. DM yield and fibre content were lowest in October. Digestibility declined with higher temperature and increasing fibre content. Results are discussed in terms of the potential of forbs to contribute to forage resources in farming practice.
Influence of Hydroxyl Group on IR Transparency of Tellurite‐Based Glasses
Authors: Guery Guillaume , Cardinal Thierry , Fargues Alexandre , Rodriguez Vincent , Dussauze Marc , Cavagnat Dominique , Thomas Philippe , Cornette Julie , Wachtel Peter , Musgraves John David , Richardson Kathleen
Published: December 2013

A study of the glass properties with two opposite levels of hydroxyl content is presented for two different tellurite glass families with molar composition 70TeO2‐10Bi2O3‐20ZnO and 80TeO2‐20Nb2O5. We show that melting tellurite‐based glasses in a dried‐oxidant atmosphere (relative humidity <1%) reduces drastically the OH impurities. The effect of reducing the OH content on the glass properties such as characteristic temperatures, crystallization stability (ΔT), density, and microhardness is investigated.
Devitrification and Phase Separation of Zinc Borosilicate Glasses in the Presence of MgO, P2O5, and ZrO2
Authors: Soleimanzade Mehdi , Eftekhari Yekta Bijan , Marghussian Vahak
Published: December 2013

A base glass composition which undergoes phase separation was chosen in the system Na2O‐ZnO‐B2O3‐SiO2. Spontaneous and reheat‐treatment opal glasses were synthesized by addition of different amounts of oxides such as P2O5 and ZrO2. To clarify devitrification, visible spectroscopy was performed for all samples. Reheat‐treated samples showed Tyndall effect in low temperatures, while they were completely opacified after soaking in 800°C for 3 h. P2O5‐or ZrO2‐containing samples opacified spontaneously. The mechanism of opacification in glasses containing the MgO and ZrO2 was partial crystallization, while in the mechanism of P2O5‐bearing one was liquid–liquid phase separation.
Lymphoma‐associated skin cancer: incidence, natural history, and clinical management
Authors: Brewer Jerry D. , Habermann Thomas M. , Shanafelt Tait D.
Published: December 2013

The link between immunosuppression and skin cancer has been well described. The two most common situations involving immunosuppression‐associated skin cancer are solid organ transplantation and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Patients with lymphoma are more likely to have development of a secondary malignancy, with skin cancer being the most common. The most common types of skin cancer in patients with NHL/CLL include melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma. Many skin cancers demonstrate increased aggressiveness in patients with NHL/CLL and are associated with higher recurrence rates, increased regional metastasis, and death secondary to skin cancer metastases. This review delineates the current research regarding the relationship between NHL/CLL and cutaneous malignancy. Immunosuppressed patients with skin cancer should be treated promptly and aggressively to decrease recurrence and metastases. Regular skin self‐examinations, dermatologic examinations, sun‐protective habits, and education may prove beneficial in this high‐risk patient population.
Clinical effectiveness and safety of cetirizine versus rupatadine in chronic spontaneous urticaria: a randomized, double‐blind, 6‐week trial
Authors: Dakhale Ganesh N. , Shinde Abhijit T. , Mahatme Mohini S. , Hiware Sachin K. , Mishra Dharmendra B. , Mukhi Jayesh I. , Salve Anoop M.
Published: December 2013

Background

Urticaria is a distressing condition associated with diverse clinical presentations. Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CsU) is characterized by wheals and angioedema. Its treatment requires an algorithmic approach to identify the optimum medication.

Objectives

Cetirizine is commonly used in the treatment of urticaria. Rupatadine is a selective non‐sedating H1‐antihistamine approved for the treatment of CsU. This trial was conducted to ascertain whether the properties of rupatadine offer advantages over cetirizine.

Methods

Seventy patients with CsU were enrolled. Parameters assessed included: (i) mean number of wheals (MNW); (ii) pruritus; (iii) mean total symptom score (MTSS); (iv) size of wheal; (v) interference of wheals with sleep; and (vi) sedation. Patients with CsU were divided randomly into two groups. Routine investigations were performed at baseline and at the end of the study.

Results

Evaluations of MTSS, MNW, and pruritus revealed statistically significant differences at week 3 compared with baseline in the cetirizine group. However, greater reductions in these parameters were obtained with rupatadine. In patients receiving rupatadine, reductions in the MNW, size of wheals, and intensity of erythema were also significant at six weeks (P < 0.001) and were significantly greater than those in the cetirizine group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Improvements in MTSS, MNW, size of wheals, intensity of erythema, and differential eosinophil count imply that rupatadine is a particularly attractive therapeutic modality compared with cetirizine for the treatment of CsU.
Dermoscopic patterns of cutaneous melanoma metastases
Authors: Rubegni Pietro , Lamberti Arianna , Mandato Filomena , Perotti Roberto , Fimiani Michele
Published: December 2013

In 2–8% of patients with melanoma, the first clinical manifestation of the disease may be skin metastasis. In these cases, differential diagnosis with the primary melanoma, benign melanocytic lesions, and other malignant and benign skin growths is particularly challenging. For this reason, the dermatologist's approach to cutaneous metastases of malignant melanoma calls for knowledge of the great morphological variety of these lesions. Dermoscopic characteristics associated with CMMMs have not yet been codified. The aim of the present review is to provide additional information about dermoscopic aspects of these skin lesions.
Minimally invasive transcrestal sinus floor elevation with deproteinized bovine bone or β‐tricalcium phosphate: a multicenter, double‐blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Trombelli Leonardo , Franceschetti Giovanni , Stacchi Claudio , Minenna Luigi , Riccardi Orio , Di Raimondo Rosario , Rizzi Alessandro , Farina Roberto
Published: December 2013

Aims

To evaluate the outcomes of transcrestal sinus floor elevation (tSFE) performed with a minimally invasive procedure (Smart Lift technique) combined with the additional use of deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) or β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP).

Methods

In a multicenter randomized controlled trial, 38 sites in 38 patients were treated with the Smart Lift technique in association with DBBM (n = 19) or β‐TCP (n = 19). The extent of the sinus lift (SL) and the height of the graft apical to the implant apex (aGH) were assessed on periapical radiographs taken immediately after surgery and at 6 months following surgery.

Results

(i) Substantial aGH and SL were observed immediately after surgery and at 6 months, with no significant differences between DBBM and β‐TCP groups; (ii) a significant graft remodelling was observed from post‐surgery to 6‐months in the β‐TCP group and (iii) limited incidence of complications as well as limited post‐operative pain and discomfort were associated with the use of both graft materials.

Conclusions

The Smart Lift technique in conjunction with the additional use of either DBBM or β‐TCP may provide a substantial elevation of the maxillary sinus floor along with limited post‐surgical complications and post‐operative pain/discomfort.
Antenatal calcium intake in Malaysia
Authors: Mahdy Zaleha Abdullah , Basri Hashimah , Md Isa Zaleha , Ahmad Shuhaila , Shamsuddin Khadijah , Mohd Amin Rahmah
Published: December 2013

Aim

To determine the adequacy of antenatal calcium intake in Malaysia, and the influencing factors.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted among postnatal women who delivered in two tertiary hospitals. Data were collected from antenatal cards, hospital documents and diet recall on daily milk and calcium intake during pregnancy. SPSS version 19.0 was used for statistical analyses.

Results

A total of 150 women were studied. The total daily calcium intake was 834 ± 43 mg (mean ± standard error of the mean), but the calcium intake distribution curve was skewed to the right with a median intake of 725 mg daily. When calcium intake from milk and calcium supplements was excluded, the daily dietary calcium intake was only 478 ± 25 mg. Even with inclusion of milk and calcium supplements, more than a third (n = 55 or 36.7%) of the women consumed less than 600 mg calcium in their daily diet. The adequacy of daily calcium intake was not influenced by maternal age, ethnicity, income or maternal job or educational status as well as parity.

Conclusion

The daily dietary calcium intake of the Malaysian antenatal population is far from adequate without the addition of calcium supplements and milk.
The cardiokine secreted Frizzled‐related protein 3, a modulator of Wnt signalling, in clinical and experimental heart failure
Authors: Askevold E. T. , Aukrust P. , Nymo S. H. , Lunde I. G. , Kaasbøll O. J. , Aakhus S. , Florholmen G. , Ohm I. K. , Strand M. E. , Attramadal H. , Fiane A. , Dahl C. P. , Finsen A. V. , Vinge L. E. , Christensen G. , Yndestad A. , Gullestad L. , Latini R. , Masson S. , Tavazzi L. ,   the GISSI‐HF Investigators, Ueland T.
Published: December 2013

Objectives

Experimental studies have shown involvement of Wnt signalling in heart failure (HF). We hypothesized that secreted frizzled‐related protein 3 (sFRP3), a modulator of Wnt signalling, is related to the progression of HF.

Design

Circulating sFRP3 was measured in 153 HF patients and compared with 25 healthy controls. The association of sFRP3 with mortality was evaluated in 1202 patients (GISSI‐HF trial). sFRP3 mRNA expression was assessed in failing human and murine left ventricles (LV), and cellular localization was determined after fractioning of myocardial tissue. In vitro studies were carried out in cardiac fibroblasts subjected to cyclic mechanical stretch.

Results

(i) Heart failure patients had significantly raised serum sFRP3 levels compared with controls, (ii) during a median follow‐up of 47 months, 315 patients died in the GISSI‐HF substudy. In univariable Cox regression, tertiles of baseline sFRP3 concentration were significantly associated with all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality. After adjustment for demographic and clinical variables, but not for CRP and NT‐proBNP, the associations with mortality remained significant for the third tertile (all‐cause, HR 1.45, P = 0.011; cardiovascular, HR 1.66, P = 0.003), (iii) sFRP3 mRNA expression was increased in failing human LV, with a decline following LV assist device therapy. LV from post‐MI mice showed an increased sFRP3 mRNA level, particularly in cardiac fibroblasts, and (iv) mechanical stretch enhanced sFRP3 expression and release in myocardial fibroblasts.

Conclusion

There is an association between increased sFRP3 expression and adverse outcome in HF, suggesting that the failing myocardium itself contributes to an increase in circulating sFRP3.
New Evidence: Data Documenting Parental Support for Earlier Sexuality Education
Authors: Barr Elissa M. , Moore Michele J. , Johnson Tammie , Forrest Jamie , Jordan Melissa
Published: December 2013

BACKGROUND

Numerous studies document support for sexuality education to be taught in high school, and often, in middle school. However, little research has been conducted addressing support for sexuality education in elementary schools.

METHODS

As part of the state Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Survey administration, the Florida Department of Health conducted the Florida Child Health Survey (FCHS) by calling back parents who had children in their home and who agreed to participate (N = 1715).

RESULTS

Most parents supported the following sexuality education topics being taught specifically in elementary school: communication skills (89%), human anatomy/reproductive information (65%), abstinence (61%), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (53%), and gender/sexual orientation issues (52%). Support was even greater in middle school (62‐91%) and high school (72‐91%) for these topics and for birth control and condom education. Most parents supported comprehensive sexuality education (40.4%), followed by abstinence‐plus (36.4%) and abstinence‐only (23.2%). Chi‐square results showed significant differences in the type of sexuality education supported by almost all parent demographic variables analyzed including sex, race, marital status, and education.

CONCLUSIONS

Results add substantial support for age‐appropriate school‐based sexuality education starting at the elementary school level, the new National Sexuality Education Standards, and funding to support evidence‐based abstinence‐plus or comprehensive sexuality education.
Experiences of Therapists Trying to Reduce Falls Risk for People With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Pal Jaya , Hale Leigh , Mirfin‐Veitch Brigit
Published: December 2013

Although it is well established that falling and fall‐related injuries are a problem for many people with intellectual disability (ID), there is an absence of research reporting on the effectiveness of fall prevention strategies to reduce fall risk in this population group. As a starting point to guide the development of research into possible fall prevention strategies for people with ID, the authors interviewed a purposive sample of physiotherapists and occupational therapists currently working for one service organization in New Zealand. To determine the perceptions, experiences, and opinions of therapists in trying to prevent and reduce fall risk for people with ID, the authors conducted a series of semistructured interviews using an open‐ended questioning technique. Data were analyzed using a general inductive approach. Five categories emerged from the interviews: the therapist's roles, successful and unsuccessful strategies, justification of strategies, barriers, and future strategies. Four main fall prevention strategies were identified that therapists thought to be most useful, including environmental modifications, participation in physical activity and exercise, prescription of assistive mobility devices, and education on safe mobility. It was concluded that the experiences and insights of the therapists could provide direction for future research as well as for therapists currently working in the field.