bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the role of the architecture for spring discharge prediction with deep learning approaches
Authors: Zhou Renjie , Zhang Yanyan
Published: October 2022

Understanding karst spring flow is important to accommodate the increasing water demand caused by the population growth and manage the freshwater water resource effectively. However, due to the spatial and temporal heterogeneity and complex hydrological processes in karst systems, predicting karst spring discharge remains challenging. In this study, three deep learning‐based models, including long short‐term memory (LSTM), gated recurrent unit (GRU) and simple recurrent neural network (RNN), are framed with an encoder–decoder architecture to provide multiple‐step‐ahead spring discharge prediction. The encoder–decoder architecture includes an encoder that reads and encodes the input sequence into a vector and decoder that deciphers the vector and outputs the predicted sequence. Three hybrid models called LSTM‐ED, GRU‐ED and simple RNN‐ED are compared with single‐step models and multiple‐step models without the encoder–decoder architecture to investigate the role of the encoder–decoder architecture on multi‐step‐ahead prediction. The sensitivity of the selection of input time and lead time steps on the karst spring discharge prediction is evaluated. The predicted results are compared with the observed spring discharge. It implies that: (1) LSTM‐ED, GRU‐ED and RNN‐ED models obtain similar results on predicting karst spring discharge multiple time steps ahead; (2) three hybrid multiple‐step models outperform the single‐step models in making consistent and accurate spring discharge predictions; (3) the multiple‐step models framed with an encoder–decoder architecture obtain better spring discharge prediction results than the single‐step models and multiple‐step models without the encoder–decoder structure; (4) the LSTM‐ED, GRU‐ED and simple RNN‐ED models are sensitive to the selection of lead time and insensitive to the selection of input time step. A short lead time typically yields a more accurate spring discharge prediction.
Human health risk assessment of metals and metalloids in mining areas of the Northeast Andean foothills of the Ecuadorian Amazon
Authors: Galarza Emily , Moulatlet Gabriel M. , Rico Andreu , Cabrera Marcela , Pinos-Velez Veronica , Pérez-González Andrés , Capparelli Mariana V.
Published: October 2022

Gold mining (GM) is a major source of metals and metalloids in rivers, causing severe environmental pollution and increasing the exposure risks to the residents of surrounding areas. Mining in Ecuadorian Amazonia has dramatically increased in recent years, but its impacts on Indigenous local populations that make use of rivers are still unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the risks to adults and children caused by the exposure to metals and metalloids in freshwater ecosystems contaminated with tailings released by GM activities in 11 sites of the upper Napo River basin, Ecuador. We selected a carcinogenic and a noncarcinogenic risk assessment method to estimate the hazard index (HI) and total cancer risk (TCR). The concentration of Ag, Al, As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, B, and V in water and sediment samples was considered to assess the risks to human health. The calculated HI was 23–352 times greater than the acceptable limits in all sites for both children and adults. Mn and Fe were the main contributors (75% in water and 99% in sediment) to the total calculated risk based on the HI. The calculated TCR for children and adults exceeded approximately one to three times the permissible threshold in all sites. As and Pb contributed up to 93% of the total calculated risk based on TCR for both children and adults. This study demonstrates that the emission and mobilization of metals and metalloids caused by mining activities increase the risk to human health, to which we recommend further monitoring of freshwater contamination in the area and the implementation of preventive health management measures. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:706–716. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Sources of copper into the European aquatic environment
Authors: Comber Sean , Deviller Genevieve , Wilson Iain , Peters Adam , Merrington Graham , Borrelli Pasquale , Baken Stijn
Published: October 2022

Chemical contamination from point source discharges in developed (resource-rich) countries has been widely regulated and studied for decades; however, diffuse sources are largely unregulated and widespread. In the European Union (EU), large dischargers report releases of some chemicals, yet little is known of total emissions (point and diffuse) and their relative significance. We estimated copper loadings from all significant sources including industry, sewage treatment plants, surface runoff (from traffic, architecture, and atmospheric deposition), septic tanks, agriculture, mariculture, marine transport (antifoulant leaching), and natural processes. A combination of European datasets, literature, and industry data were used to generate export coefficients. These were then multiplied by activity rates to derive loads. A total of approximately 8 kt of copper per annum (ktpa) is estimated to enter freshwaters in the EU, and another 3.5 ktpa enters transitional and coastal waters. The main inputs to freshwater are natural processes (3.7 ktpa), agriculture (1.8 ktpa), and runoff (1.8 ktpa). Agricultural emissions are dominated by copper-based plant protection products and farmyard manure. Urban runoff is influenced by copper use in architecture and by vehicle brake linings. Antifoulant leaching from boats (3.2 ktpa) dominates saline water loads of copper. It is noteworthy that most of the emissions originate in a limited number of copper uses where environmental exposure and pathways exist, compared with the bulk of copper use within electrical and electronic equipment and infrastructure that has no environmental pathway during its use. A sensitivity analysis indicated significant uncertainty in data from abandoned mines and urban runoff load estimates. This study provided for the first time a methodology and comprehensive metal load apportionment to European aquatic systems, identifying data gaps and uncertainties, which may be refined over time. Source apportionments using this methodology can inform more cost-effective environmental risk assessment and management. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1031–1047. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Neuromorphic devices based on fluorite‐structured ferroelectrics
Authors: Lee Dong Hyun , Park Geun Hyeong , Kim Se Hyun , Park Ju Yong , Yang Kun , Slesazeck Stefan , Mikolajick Thomas , Park Min Hyuk
Published: October 2022

A continuous exponential rise has been observed in the storage and processing of the data that may not curtail in the foreseeable future. The required data processing speed and power consumption are restricted by the buses between the logic and memory devices that are characteristic of the von Neumann computing architecture. Bio‐mimicking neuromorphic computing has garnered considerable academic and industrial interest to resolve these challenges. Additionally, devices based on emerging nonvolatile memories capable of mimicking the behaviors of synapses and neurons, which are the main elements in biological computing systems (brains), are attracting significant interest from the device community. With the discovery of ferroelectricity in fluorite‐structured oxides, such as HfO2and ZrO2, which are compatible with the state‐of‐the‐art complementary‐metal‐oxide‐semiconductor processes, ferroelectric devices have rapidly evolved as the main direction of these research and development activities. Fundamental science related to fluorite‐structured ferroelectrics has been intensively studied over the last decade. At present, the focus is gradually moving to practical applications, including neuromorphic computing and advanced classical processing or memory units in the conventional von Neumann architecture. However, despite its rapid development, the wealth of recent progress in neuromorphic computing devices based on fluorite‐structured ferroelectrics has not been reviewed and systemized. This progress report comprehensively reviews and systemizes the recent progress in artificial synaptic and spiking neuron devices for neuromorphic computing based on fluorite‐structured ferroelectrics.

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Proanthocyanidins suppress NLRP3 inflammasome and M1 macrophage polarization to alleviate severe acute pancreatitis in mice
Authors: Sheng Li‐Ping , Han Chao‐Qun , Ling Xin , Guo Xian‐Wen , Lin Rong , Ding Zhen
Published: October 2022

The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is crucial for the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (AP). Proanthocyanidins (PAs) have been confirmed to exert antioxidant activity. Our study aimed to determine whether PAs alleviated SAP via reducing ROS, suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome, and inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization. Our study investigated the protective effects of PAs on pancreatic histopathological injury using SAP mice. The effects of PAs on macrophages were investigated in inflammatory RAW 264.7 cells or mouse bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Immunofluorescence staining and/or western blot assay were employed to evaluate NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages and pancreatic tissue. Cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) was used to access effects of PAs on cell viability and cytometry flow was used to determine the effects of the PAs on the ROS levels of the RAW 264.7 cells. Then, we evaluated M1 macrophage polarization using flow cytometry or real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). PAs administration alleviated pancreatic inflammation in SAP mice. The PAs depressed NLRP3 inflammasome and inhibited M1 macrophage polarization in pancreatic tissue. We also found that the PAs showed no cellular toxicity but decreased ROS levels in RAW 264.7 cells, downregulated the NLRP3 inflammasome in the macrophages, and inhibited cell M1 macrophage polarization. Our study indicates the anti‐inflammatory properties of the PAs on SAP mice by decreasing ROS levels, suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome, and M1 macrophage polarization.
Rapid production method with increased yield of high‐purity extracellular vesicles obtained using extended mitochondrial targeting domain peptide
Authors: Lim Kyung Min , Han Ji‐Hye , Lee Yoonjoo , Park Junghee , Dayem Ahmed Abdal , Myung Seung‐Hyun , An Jongyub , Song Kwonwoo , Kang Geun‐Ho , Kim Sejong , Kwon Sangwoo , Kim Kyung Sook , Cho Ssang‐Goo , Kim Tae‐Hyoung
Published: October 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano‐sized membranous structures involved in intercellular communication and various physiological and pathological processes. Here, we present a novel method for rapid (within 15 min), large‐scale production of high‐purity EVs using eMTDΔ4, a peptide derived from Noxa. The treatment of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human Wharton's jelly after trypsinization and subsequent eMTDΔ4 stimulation in a chemically defined sucrose buffer with orbital shaking led to a substantial increase (approximately 30‐fold) in EV production with markedly high purity (approximately 45‐fold). These EVs (TS‐eEVs) showed higher regenerative and immunomodulatory potential than natural EVs obtained from the culture media after 48 h. The calcium chelator BAPTA‐AM and calpain inhibitor ALLM, but not the natural EV biogenesis inhibitor GW4869, blocked the TS‐eEV production induced by eMTDΔ4, indicating that the eMTDΔ4‐mediated regulation of intracellular calcium levels and calpain activity are closely associated with the rapid, mass production of TS‐eEVs. The present study may lead to considerable advances in EV‐based drug development and production of stem cell‐derived EVs for cell therapy.
Modified activated carbon derived from chestnut oak shells as a new sorbent for the needle‐trap extraction
Authors: Roostaie Ali , Mohammadiazar Sirwan , Haddad Reza , Ebrahimi Bahram
Published: October 2022

In this study, an acid‐treated‐activated carbon was prepared from chestnut oak shell carbonization followed by modification with hydrochloric acid/nitric acid and then used as a new sorbent for headspace needle‐trap extraction of chlorophenol compounds from aqueous solutions. Different techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption‐desorption analysis, and Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy were used for the characterization of the sorbents. The effects of some experimental parameters, including the temperature, pH, sorbent amount, and time of extraction were optimized. The developed method is fast and sensitive, providing low and sub ng/L detection limits. The limits of detection and quantification were in the range of 0.75–5 and 5–15 ng/ml, respectively, and the equilibrium time was 20 min. Wide linearity in the range of 15–2000 ng/L with R2 > 0.9993 was obtained. Repeatability of the method was accessed at 50, 100, and 200 ng/L concentration levels and RSD% of 5%–12% was achieved. The introduced method was applied for analyzing real water samples containing spiked chlorophenols, and the relative recovery values were found to be in the range of 84%–99% at the concentration levels of 50, 100 and 200 ng/L.
Posttraumatic stress disorder and functional impairment among World Trade Center Health Registry enrollees 14–15 years after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks
Authors: Trivedi Niti U. , Gargano Lisa M. , Brackbill Robert M. , Jacobson Melanie H.
Published: October 2022

The September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York City (9/11) had health‐related consequences, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is associated with functional impairment, which varies by symptom severity and other factors. This study aimed to identify predictors of functional impairment in individuals with low versus high PTSD symptom severity levels. WTC Health Registry enrollees exposed to 9/11 were surveyed four times between 2003 and 2015; cumulated data for individuals who endorsed at least one symptom on the PTSD Checklist–Civilian Version (PCL‐C) at Wave 4 (2015–2016) were included (N = 30,287) and examined cross‐sectionally. Individuals were classified based on PCL‐C scores as having low/no (2–29) or high levels of PTSD symptom severity (≥ 44). Functional impairment was defined as subsequent difficulties in daily living. Among low/no PTSD severity participants, adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for the associations between functional impairment and poor self‐rated health (vs. good), low social support (vs. high), and no physical activity (vs. active) were 1.23–1.92. In the same group, low versus high household income was associated with more functional impairment, aOR = 1.34, 95% CI [1.13, 1.59]. Among participants with high‐level PTSD symptoms, women, aOR = 1.70, 95% CI [1.31, 2.20], and Hispanic enrollees, aOR = 1.76, 95% CI [1.31, 2.36], were more likely to report an absence of impairment. Self‐rated health, social support, and physical activity emerged as important predictors of PTSD‐related functional impairment across PTSD symptom severity levels, supporting clinical interventions targeting these factors.
Surfactant Assisted In Situ Synthesis of Nanofibrillated Cellulose/Polymethylsilsesquioxane Aerogel for Tuning Its Thermal Performance
Authors: Gupta Pragya , Sathwane Manoj , Chhajed Monika , Verma Chhavi , Grohens Yves , Seantier Bastien , Agrawal Ashish K. , Maji Pradip K.
Published: October 2022

Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMSQ) based aerogel are prepared by the sol‐gel method. The objective of this work is to study the impact of surfactant and base catalyst on the thermal and mechanical performance of the corresponding aerogel. The rheological premonitory assists in predicting the bulk properties of the aerogel. The chemical structure of the aerogel is studied by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). X‐ray microtomographic (XMT) analysis confirms the homogeneous and monolithic structure of the aerogel. The lowest thermal conductivity is achieved as 23.21 mW m−1 K−1 with V‐0 and HBF rating through UL‐94 test. Thermal performance of aerogels is cross‐verified through modeling and simulation in COMSOL multiphysics platform. The mechanical properties of aerogel are evaluated by monolithic compression test in axial and radial compression test up to 90% strain, cyclic compression loading–unloading, and reloading test, flexural test, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The time‐temperature analysis has shown around 5 °C temperature difference in the middle of the room after using the aerogel panel at the exposed surface, which assists in the practical application of the synthesized aerogel panel.
The effects of time‐restricted eating and weight loss on bone metabolism and health: a 6‐month randomized controlled trial
Authors: Papageorgiou Maria , Biver Emmanuel , Mareschal Julie , Phillips Nicholas Edward , Hemmer Alexandra , Biolley Emma , Schwab Nathalie , Manoogian Emily N. C. , Gonzalez Rodriguez Elena , Aeberli Daniel , Hans Didier , Pot Caroline , Panda Satchidananda , Rodondi Nicolas , Ferrari Serge L. , Collet Tinh‐Hai
Published: October 2022

Objective

This study explored the impact of time‐restricted eating (TRE) versus standard dietary advice (SDA) on bone health.

Methods

Adults with ≥1 component of metabolic syndrome were randomized to TRE (ad libitum eating within 12 hours) or SDA (food pyramid brochure). Bone turnover markers and bone mineral content/density by dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry were assessed at baseline and 6‐month follow‐up. Statistical analyses were performed in the total population and by weight loss response.

Results

In the total population (n = 42, 76% women, median age 47 years [IQR: 31‐52]), there were no between‐group differences (TRE vs. SDA) in any bone parameter. Among weight loss responders (≥0.6 kg weight loss), the bone resorption marker β‐carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen tended to decrease after TRE but increase after SDA (between‐group differences p = 0.041), whereas changes in the bone formation marker procollagen type I N‐propeptide did not differ between groups. Total body bone mineral content decreased after SDA (p = 0.028) but remained unchanged after TRE (p = 0.31) in weight loss responders (between‐group differences p = 0.028). Among nonresponders (<0.6 kg weight loss), there were no between‐group differences in bone outcomes.

Conclusions

TRE had no detrimental impact on bone health, whereas, when weight loss occurred, it was associated with some bone‐sparing effects compared with SDA.
Mechanical and thermal performances of styrene butadiene rubber nanocomposites with boron nitride nanosheets, carbon nanotubes, and the hybrid filler system
Authors: Gu Lichao , Nan Hao , Xing Ruiguang , Pan Gaofei , Wang Yufei , Ge Xin
Published: October 2022

Preparation of rubber nanocomposites using two or more nanofillers with different geometries is a new and promising approach. In this work, the effects of boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS), carbon nanotubes (CNT) and their hybrid (BNNS‐CNT) on the performances of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) nanocomposites are systematically studied. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites are significantly enhanced by the nanofillers. The tensile strength of unfilled SBR is only 1.30 ± 0.18 MPa, which increases to 1.72 ± 0.24 MPa (BNNS), 4.09 ± 0.35 MPa (CNT), and 3.37 ± 0.29 MPa (BNNS‐CNT) at 4 phr, respectively. Similarly, the tear strength of unfilled SBR is 8.0 kN/m, which increases to 13.8 kN/m (BNNS), 16.1 kN/m (CNT) and 18.2 kN/m (BNNS‐CNT) at 4 phr, respectively. Moreover, the thermal behavior of the nanocomposites are analyzed. Compared with single nanofiller BNNS or CNT, BNNS‐CNT hybrid nanofiller not only effectively improves the mechanical properties of nanocomposites, but also imparts better thermal properties. It is proved that the thermal decomposition temperature of SBR/4phr BNNS‐CNT is increased by nearly 7°C compared with unfilled SBR.
Sustainable nanocomposite coating for moulded pulp with enhanced barrier properties for food packaging applications
Authors: Klayya Supattra , Tawichai Nattaya , Intatha Uraiwan , Zhang Han , Bilotti Emiliano , Soykeabkaew Nattakan
Published: October 2022

Due to poor barrier properties and high sensitivity to moisture, the applications of paper‐based food packaging remain limited. While gaining high barrier performance and surface durability, laminating papers with binders and other materials often leads to reduced recyclability and sustainability. Herein, we present a promising approach to improve the barrier properties and surface oil resistance of bagasse moulded pulp while preserving its green profile. A bio‐nanocomposite layer, combining nanocellulose and shellac (natural polyester), was coated on the surface of moulded pulp. This nanocomposite coating layer provides excellent gas barrier and water barrier performance simultaneously, thanks to the ester modification of nanocellulose to improve its hydrophobicity. With a good compatibility and dispersion in the shellac matrix phase, the modified nanofibrillated cellulose demonstrated an improved barrier performance compared with the unmodified nanofibrillated cellulose. Oxygen transmission rate and water vapour transmission rate of the coated pulps were in the range 60–300 cm3 m−2 day−1 and 10–30 g m−2 day−1, respectively, comparable to those of conventional food packaging materials. The surface resistance of the coated pulps was also greatly improved, indicated by the water contact angle, oil contact angle, Kit test and oil resistance test in a bowl model. The nanocomposite was able to enhance the tensile strength of the moulded pulp by 23%. In summary, the current sustainable nanocomposite coating layer demonstrated great potential in converting paper‐based materials to high barrier and sustainable food packaging. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Flow‐field‐assisted shaping of linear low‐density polyethylene/low‐entanglement ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene blends with enhanced mechanical properties and thermal conductivity
Authors: Zhang Yu , Yan Xiang , Ye Chunlin , Tao Gan , Zhang Letian , Xing Jinheng , Li Wei , Wang Jingdai , Yang Yongrong
Published: October 2022

Linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) is reinforced with low‐entanglement ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and formed using different melt processing methods. The results show that the low‐entanglement UHMWPE has good compatibility with LLDPE within a low addition range, which significantly improves the crystallinity and long period of LLDPE/UHMWPE composites. Furthermore, the shish‐kebab structure of the composite material is more perfect after injection molding and hot drawing. Due to the optimized structure, the mechanical properties of the composite are greatly improved. After hot drawing, the Young's modulus and tensile strength of the composites are increased by 350% and 565% respectively. Simultaneously, after injection molding and hot stretching molding, the thermal conductivity of the material is increased by 138% and 711% respectively. The thermal conductivity of the materials can be significantly improved by hot drawing. The current study opens a new avenue for the preparation of bulk polymers using the LLDPE matrix with simultaneously enhanced thermal conductivity and mechanical properties, with great potential for applications in thermal management. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Synthesis, characterization and computational studies for (2′S*,3R*,3′S*,8a′R*)‐2′,3′‐bis(ethoxycarbonyl)‐2‐oxo‐2′,3′‐dihydro‐8a′H‐spiro[indoline‐3,1′‐indolizine]‐6′‐carboxylic acid and some derivatives
Authors: Almutaleb Arabya A. A. , Alabbasi Aisha A.
Published: October 2022

In this article, we present advances related to 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions of generated pyridinium ylides and apply these results to specific 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions with oxindole dipolarophiles. The ylide discussed in this article is generated from alkylation reactions between substituted pyridines and a primary electrophile. Cycloaddition reactions proceeding from pyridinium ylides and various oxindoles are reported with good stereo‐ and regioselectivity. Cycloaddition reactions take place by the overlap of the HOMO of the dipole and the LUMO of the dipolarophile when the two orbitals have similar energies, resulting in the formation of two new bonds. To get more insight into the reaction nature, a quantum chemical simulation was performed. A computational study is performed on the reactants (pyridinium ylides and oxindoles) and resulting cycloadducts. The present analysis reveals that the cycloaddition reactions under study can be classified in the normal electron demand category. Regioselectivity and mechanism of 1,3‐cycloaddition reactions are studied in the light of several theoretical approaches such as activation energy, Houk's rule based on the FMO theory, and the DFT reactivity indices.
Azaboracyclooctatetraenes reveal that the different aspects of triplet state Baird‐aromaticity are nothing but different
Authors: Preethalayam Preethanuj , Proos Vedin Nathalie , Radenković Slavko , Ottosson Henrik
Published: October 2022

The Baird‐aromaticity of BN/CC cyclooctatetraene isosteres (azaboracyclooctatetraenes) in their lowest triplet states (T1) has been explored through computations of various aromaticity indices that describe the different aspects of aromaticity (magnetic, electronic, energetic and geometric). While cyclooctatetraene (COT) is aromatic in its T1 state following Baird's 4n rule, we now reveal that the degrees of Baird‐aromaticity of its BN/CC isosteres vary with aromaticity aspect considered. The thermodynamically most stable octagonal B4N4H8 isomer, having an alternating B and N pattern (borazocine, B4N4COT‐A), is only weakly aromatic or nonaromatic in T1 according to energetic and electronic indices, while magnetic descriptors suggest it to have about two thirds the Baird‐aromaticity of T1 state COT (3COT). The extent of Baird‐aromaticity of intermediate BN/CC isosteres also varies markedly with aromaticity aspect considered. The strong aromaticity of 3B4N4COT‐A according to magnetic descriptors can be linked to the symmetries of the orbitals involved in the virtual transitions from occupied to unoccupied orbitals, which describe the response of a molecule in an external magnetic field. However, the magnetic aspect of T1 state Baird‐aromaticity (response aromaticity) is not related to the electronic and energetic aspects (intrinsic aromaticity), findings that underline earlier observations on differences between the various aspects of the aromaticity phenomenon (or phenomena).
High reactivity and bactericidal effects of plasma‐activated mist from hydrogen peroxide solution
Authors: Zhou Yangyang , Jiang Tao , Zhang Li , Wang Sen , Zhou Renwu , Cui Xinglei , Fang Zhi
Published: October 2022

Hydrogen peroxide solutions are often utilized in logistics sterilization by misting, although their sterilizing capacity is diminished. To meet the high‐efficient and long‐term sterilization requirements of logistics, the reactivity and bactericidal efficiency are improved with plasma‐activated H2O2 solutions mist (PAHM). PAHM promotes an approximately double increase in the concentration of reactive nitrogen species, four times increase in the O3 concentration, and 36.2 times increase in H2O2 compared with water mist activation. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are selected as the model microorganisms to evaluate the bactericidal activity. Results show that PAHM can reduce the numbers of both bacteria by two orders of magnitude after 3 min of treatment, similar to inactivated H2O2 for 10 min of treatment.
Theoretical Applications in Children and Youth Information Behavior Research: 1999–2019
Authors: Bilal Dania
Published: October 2022

Children and youth information behavior (CYIB) research has grown substantially in the past two decades. However, this research lacks systematic analysis of the scholarly journal literature, especially with respect to theoretical applications. This study content‐analyzed articles published in fourteen key scholarly journals covering 1999 to 2019. The findings revealed that of the 893 articles retrieved from five online databases, 22.6% were relevant to theory use. Of these, 116 articles (60%) were theoretically grounded in theories or models. There was considerable growth in the use of theories as frameworks for the 2010–2019 period, as compared to the 1999–2009 period. Five key journals contributed the highest number of articles with theories or models applied as frameworks. Authors used more models than theories to ground their work. There was a frequent mention of theories or models in various sections of the articles, especially the introduction and review of the literature. The findings make a unique contribution to our understanding of the nature of theory use in CYIB research, its applications, and evolution over time, as well as strengths, weaknesses, and trends. This study has implications for LIS education, research, and practice. It also has theoretical and methodological implications.
Scholars Experiencing Epistemic Injustice Due to Management of Scholarly Outputs
Authors: Ford Angela , Alemneh Daniel
Published: October 2022

Scholars from regions outside of high‐income countries experience additional barriers as active consumers, producers, and sharers of scholarly outputs. This study will examine these barriers through a lens based on critical theories, specifically those focused on epistemic injustice. The findings will highlight the experienced impediments and demonstrate theoretically how disparities can be categorized. The findings will also highlight current publishing paradigms affecting the management of scholarly outputs and at times perpetuating these injustices. Possible future research to support these claims will also be discussed.
A Natural Language Processing Pipeline for Detecting Informal Data References in Academic Literature
Authors: Lafia Sara , Fan Lizhou , Hemphill Libby
Published: October 2022

Discovering authoritative links between publications and the datasets that they use can be a labor‐intensive process. We introduce a natural language processing pipeline that retrieves and reviews publications for informal references to research datasets, which complements the work of data librarians. We first describe the components of the pipeline and then apply it to expand an authoritative bibliography linking thousands of social science studies to the data‐related publications in which they are used. The pipeline increases recall for literature to review for inclusion in data‐related collections of publications and makes it possible to detect informal data references at scale. We contribute (1) a novel Named Entity Recognition (NER) model that reliably detects informal data references and (2) a dataset connecting items from social science literature with datasets they reference. Together, these contributions enable future work on data reference, data citation networks, and data reuse.
Learning Domain‐specific Semantic Representation from Weakly Supervised Data to Improve Research Dataset Retrieval
Authors: Luo Pengcheng , Hong Lingzi , Wang Jimin , Wang Shiqi , Guo Xin , Gao Zheng , Cho Sang Wouk
Published: October 2022

Along with the development of the data‐driven research paradigm, there are exponentially increasing datasets, which bring challenges to researchers in the efficient retrieval of relevant datasets. Previous studies mainly focused on query expansion methods based on sparse retrieval models to improve the accuracy and recall in retrieval. We investigated the use of semantically rich information to retrieve relevant datasets and the benefits of using domain‐specific dense vector representation as opposed to general representation. First, we used pairs of metadata fields that have semantic relevance to construct the domain‐specific weakly supervised training data. Then, a pre‐trained transformer‐based deep learning model is fine‐tuned on the training data using the contrastive learning method. Finally, dense vector representations of the queries and datasets are obtained based on the fine‐tuned model. The relevance of a dataset to a query is measured by the similarity between the vectors. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model, we collected 104,683 datasets from 13 research data repositories, recruited volunteers to design research‐oriented queries, and annotated the retrieval results. The experimental results show that compared with the domain‐independent fine‐tuned model, our proposed method can improve the NDCG@10 score by about 5%.
Delving into Data Science Methods in Response to the COVID‐19 Infodemic
Authors: Chong Miyoung , Shah Chirag , Shu Kai , He Jiangen , Hagen Loni
Published: October 2022

The circulation of myriad of information from diverse digital platforms during the COVID‐19 pandemic caused the unprecedented infodemic. Along with the increased case numbers, the shared information accelerated exponentially, especially via social media, and a large proportion of the daily distributed information was blended with myth, rumors, pseudoscience, or modified facts. Uncovering viral mis‐ and disinformation narratives and information voids is essential to a swift and effective response on delivering public health information and policy by the governments during a public health emergency. Although many studies have examined how information was circulated and shared during the COVID‐19 pandemic era, large gaps in literature exist as to how effectively to track, describe, and answer it. In this panel, the panelists propose and discuss data science methods to analyze the COVID‐19 infodemic. We hope our panel contribute to exploring more effective and applicable data science methods to investigate infodemic in crises.
A Framework for Co‐designing and Developing Participatory Storymaps with Aboriginal Communities
Authors: Du Jia Tina , Peters Stefan , Haines Jelina , Trevorrow Aunty Ellen , Jia Romy Menghao , Ziaian Tahereh
Published: October 2022

The research reported in this paper is part of an ongoing project on promoting Aboriginal cultural storytelling using mobile participatory mapping applications and web‐based interactive storymaps. This paper presents a conceptual framework for developing a co‐designed participatory storymap. The storymap aims to ubiquitously collect location‐based knowledge and stories in both online and offline modes, as well as present an interactive web map that dynamically integrates information recorded as georeferenced texts, images, audios, and videos. The participatory mapping has a potential to allow Aboriginal communities to capture and preserve their cultural heritage on their own using a smartphone or tablet. Ethical co‐designing process of implementing the storymaps is also discussed.
Data Paper as a Reward? Motivation, Consideration, and Perspective behind Data Paper Submission
Authors: Huang Pao Pei , Jeng Wei
Published: October 2022

Data papers, as one of the channels to encourage researchers to open up research data under the open science movement, are expected to provide strong incentives through formal citations. However, few studies have investigated the drivers of this emerging type of publication. This study examines researchers' motivations, and considerations for data paper submission, as well as their perspectives on this scholarly publication. Through an in‐depth interview approach with ten data paper authors, our preliminary results found that, researchers are often driven by extrinsic factors to increase their publications, and data papers are sometimes viewed as territory claims before further research. Although the academic community widely recognizes the benefits of publishing data papers, some still cast a doubtful eye on its academic value and impact. We anticipate such insights on the driving forces and point of views of data papers could provide opportunities for stakeholders to fill gaps and strengthen the open science ecosystem.
Cultivating Ecological Literacy: A Critical Framework for Understanding and Addressing Mis‐ and Disinformation
Authors: Paris Britt , Marcello Gina , Reynolds Rebecca
Published: October 2022

This conceptual paper highlights limitations within existing approaches to mis and disinformation and offers a cross disciplinary approach that draws from social shaping of technology and critical informatics to explain and understand these complex informational phenomena. Different scholarly perspectives from policy, technical, and information literacy spheres, often narrowly focus on information practices of actors or components of the technical systems and policy frameworks undergirding these systems often their “locus of change”, or concept of the problem and solutions, do not acknowledge the interconnected complexities inherent to mis and disinformation. Our proposed conceptual intervention can be useful to the information science and technology research and teaching community as it offers opportunities to cultivate a complex form of what Milner and Phillips describe as “ecological literacy” to holistically understand the mis‐ and disinformation problem domain as an interconnected set of sociotechnical systems.
Researchers' Trends, Intentions, and Awareness, Towards Publications in Open Access
Authors: Aharony Noa , Hadad Shlomit
Published: October 2022

This study examined Israeli researchers' trends, intentions and awareness regarding scientific publications in open access (OA) journals and repositories. A survey was distributed to 202 Israeli researchers. According to the findings, most researchers used a combination of closed (traditional/toll access) journals with OA gold/green routes. Researchers showed low awareness of OA key concepts, which was significantly associated with the tendency not to publish in OA. In addition, researchers who reported that there was a formal policy concerning publishing articles in high‐impact journals in their department tended to publish less in OA. The most common reasons that caused researchers not to publish in OA routes were lack of funding and lack of awareness. Conclusions present a need for an OA's declared policy as well as financial and informational support.
A Preliminary Study on App‐Switching during the Mobile Search
Authors: Liang Shaobo , Wei Ziyi , Zou Ning
Published: October 2022

Users' mobile app switching behavior has recently received attention, particularly in the context of mobile search. This poster used Amazon MTurk to recruit 86 participants and used structured diaries and interviews to collect data on app switching behavior during the mobile search in daily scenes. We summarized the various behaviors after switching apps during the mobile search process. We also concluded why people switch apps based on information, personal characteristics, and mobile app features.
Impacts of Information Source and Perceived Health on Information Behavior
Authors: Park Min Sook , Lee Hyun Seung
Published: October 2022

This preliminary study revisits a fundamental information problem of information behavior, focusing on needs, overload, and information source use, in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The associations between the impact of information source use on the extent of information needs, being exposed to information, and feeling of overload was examined. Furthermore, to understand the impact of context on information behavior, the differences in the degree of information resource use, needs, exposure, and overload between the two groups with different levels of health were investigated.
Using Textual Analysis Tools to Identify Trends in Privacy Concern Research
Authors: Weinberger Maor , Bouhnik Dan
Published: October 2022

Text mining is a research method that uses interdisciplinary techniques to identify patterns and trends in unstructured data and can be used to detect research trends and developments in various fields. Thus, this study attempts to identify research trends in the issue of privacy concern (PC), focusing on the differences between the first two decades of the 21st century. This is done by applying an automated textual analysis tool (Voyant Tools) on a vast corpora of academic papers conducted on this field. We found that while the first examined decade of PC research focused on commerce and marketing issues, there was much more research emphasis on the social dimension of privacy in the second decade. This difference was explained by the technological developments that were prominent in the respective decades. The research provided support for the use of textual analysis of academic literature as a tool to identify research trends in various fields, including technologically‐oriented fields.
Academic Casualization, Precarity, and Information Practices: A Scoping Review
Authors: Willson Rebekah , Stewart‐Robertson Owen , Julien Heidi , Given Lisa
Published: October 2022

In the first phase of a larger research project exploring the information practices of contract academic staff, a review of the wider literature around academic casualization was conducted. This research begins to address the need for greater understanding of the experiences of these workers in the information‐intensive environments of higher education. A scoping review methodology was applied, and both academic and grey literature from multiple disciplines was reviewed. The literature points to casualization in academia as a growing phenomenon that has important consequences for staff, students, and universities themselves. This poster discusses the initial themes emerging from the literature, including: the precarity and marginalization of academic staff, the unrecognized emotional labor shaping information practices, and the impacts of multiple temporalities on the work, careers, and lives of such staff. The findings suggest the need for empirical research to address the lack of knowledge around the information environments of contract academics and set the stage for the next phases of the research project.
Performance, Usability, and User Experience of Rayyan for Systematic Reviews
Authors: Yu Fei , Liu Chuanrui , Sharmin Selina
Published: October 2022

This study investigated performance, usability, and user experience with Rayyan, a systematic review (SR) tool. A remote usability inspection was conducted via the institutional Zoom platform. Each participant was randomly assigned to two groups and completed two citation screening sessions independently. Data were collected through pre‐ and post‐test questionnaires, screening sessions, and Systems Usability Scale (SUS) surveys. Thirteen participants completed the study. We found significant accuracy difference between Web Rayyan and its mobile app (t[12] = 1.877 p = .042), but no statistically sequential effect on screening performance. The average SUS scores of both Rayyan versions were below 68. More participants (77%) preferred Web Rayyan to the mobile app. The mobile Rayyan has potential if its user interface design can prevent errors or allow easy action reversal. As the first controlled experiment investigating both Web and mobile Rayyan, this study provides empirical evidence to guide the design, development, and selection of SR tools.
Nailing Jelly to the Wall: Teaching Technology in North American Graduate Archival Education Programs
Authors: Poole Alex H. , Todd‐Diaz Ashley
Published: October 2022

This exploratory mixed‐methods case study relies on semistructured interviews with tenure‐track faculty members from North American graduate archival programs and a survey of North American graduate students and early career professionals to explore how archival education programs incorporate technology. We asked faculty members not only about the technologies they currently teach, but also their curriculum priorities, topical wish lists, and future challenges to and changes in archival education. We asked students and early career professionals whether they wished their graduate program had better prepared them technologically. Findings revealed that although both groups saw technology and digital curation as current and future areas of priority, students and early career professionals felt ill‐equipped to engage with technology in practice. We discuss the implications of these findings in light of the previous literature and adumbrate opportunities for future research.
Scientific Discourse on YouTube: Motivations for Citing Research in Comments
Authors: Striewski Sören , Zagovora Olga , Peters Isabella
Published: October 2022

YouTube is a valuable source of user‐generated content on a wide range of topics, and it encourages user participation through the use of a comment system. Video content is increasingly addressing scientific topics, and there is evidence that both academics and consumers use video descriptions and video comments to refer to academic research and scientific publications. Because commenting is a discursive behavior, this study will provide insights on why individuals post links to research publications in comments. For this, a qualitative content analysis and iterative coding approach were applied. Furthermore, the reasons for mentioning academic publications in comments were contrasted with the reasons for citing in scholarly works and with reasons for commenting on YouTube. We discovered that the primary motives for sharing research links were (1) providing more insights into the topic and (2) challenging information offered by other commentators.
“I'm really happy when sometimes I end up on a shelf that seems sort of right:” Historians' Reactions to the Cataloging and Classification of their Own Work
Authors: Watson Brian M. , Bullard Julia
Published: October 2022

The goal of this paper is to report and discuss findings from an analysis of 14 qualitative semi‐structured interviews with historians and historical researchers on how cataloging systems commonly used in cultural heritage institutions such as libraries label and describe works dealing with the history of Indigenous Peoples of North America. These interviews are a subset of a larger project that interviewed 39 creators about their catalog record. In asking authors to evaluate their work's catalog record, this study utilized a novel method and theoretical framework, and therefore was able to derive several recommendations for future research and practice.
Antisite Defect SiC as a Source of the DI Center in 4H‐SiC
Authors: Zhang Hai-Shan , Gong Jian , Shi Lin
Published: October 2022

DI center, as a widely existed defect in 4H‐SiC, has attracted much attention in recent years, while the origin of it is still unclear. Herein, by comparing first‐principles calculated potential point defects‐related zero‐phonon lines (ZPLs) and nonradiative capture cross‐sections with the DI center‐related values in the experiment, it is proposed that the transition from the bound exciton states about 57 meV below the CBM to the “+1/+2” level of antisite defect SiC is responsible for the DI center in 4H‐SiC. This work describes the temperature and transition energy level dependence of the hole capture cross‐section of antisite defect in 4H‐SiC, which provides an idea for the optimal design of point defects in semiconductor materials.