bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical Analysis, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Potential of Marine Red Seaweed Caulacanthusustulatus
Authors: P Mohideen Askar Nawas , Ravi Sujatha
Published: August 2020

Marine algae are known to produce a wide variety of bioactive secondary metabolites and several compounds have been derived from them for prospective development of novel drugs by the pharmaceutical industries. The marine red seaweed Caulacanthusustulatus, collected from the Kilakarai region located between (9.23135° N, 78.7844° E) Ramanathapuram District, Tamil Nadu, India. The seaweed extract was prepared from various solvent extracts namely aqueous, ethanol, methanol and acetone was tested for their phytochemical analysis, antibacterial activity against human pathogens viz., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus and aquatic pathogens viz., Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio vulnificus using disc diffusion methods and in vitro antioxidant activity such as DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity and Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of selected solvent extracts. Phytochemical analysis of sixteen different chemical compounds was carried out. The maximum nine phytochemical compounds were present in the methanol and ethanol extracts and the minimum six compounds were present in aqueous extract. The highest antibacterial activity was present in human pathogen P. aeruginosa (20.66 ± 1.1mm) likewise the aquatic pathogen the antibacterial activity was increase in Aeromonas hydrophila (20.33 ± 1.5mm). The methanol extract was significantly higher in DPPH radical scavenging activity (67.07 ± 0.5μg/ml), ABTS radical scavenging activity (72.4 ± 0.6 μg/ml) and Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (54.06 ± 0.58μg/ml). This study indicates the potential use of red seaweed; in particularC.ustulatus extracts are treating human and aquatic bacterial pathogens and it could be a potential candidate for the natural compounds as antioxidant.
Resistance Pattern of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Gram-Negative Pathogens from Surgical Site Infections
Authors: Sharanathe G. S. , Gadgil S. A
Published: August 2020

There is an increasing resistance for drugs in first line of treatment for post-operative wound. It has imposed the practitioners the use of newer antibiotics. β-lactamase production is the most important mechanism of resistance to the penicillin and cephalosporins. The present study was undertaken with the objective of isolation of ESBL producing gram-negative pathogens from surgical site infections and to study their resistance pattern. A total number of 28 surgical hospitals were selected for the collection of post operative wound infection samples. The ESBL producing pathogens were detected by phenotypic screening and confirmatory methods as recommended by CLSI guidelines 2012. A standard disk diffusion technique for antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed as recommended by clinical and laboratory standard institute (CLSI). The total number of ESBL producers was 141 (37.80 %) while the number of non-ESBL producers was 232 (62.20 %). The distribution of ESBL producing E. coli, Klebsiella species, Proteus species and Pseudomonas species was 74 (55.64%), 42 (6.20%), was 16 (22.22 %) and 09 (17.31 %) respectively. The ESBL producing isolates were highly resistant to Cephalosporin, Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin and Cotromoxazole while they were highly susceptible to Ceftazidime/Cluvanic acid, Piperacillin / Tazobactam, Imipenem and Meropenum. In conclusion, the present study shows the considerable occurrence of ESBL producers among the Gram-negative isolates from surgical site infections and their increasing multidrug resistance.
Synthesis and Screening of Some Novel Thieno[2,3-d][1,2,3] triazine Derivatives as Non-sedative H1 Antihistaminics
Authors: Rabari Haribhai , Prajapati Beenkumar , Rajput Preeti
Published: August 2020

Histamine receptor H1 antagonists are widely used as antihistamines for allergy conditions. The brain-penetrating antihistamines can cause sedation and some with poor-penetration do not cause sedation potential.  In the present study, a new series of thieno[2,3-d][1,2,3]triazine derivatives 7a-e have been synthesized and screened for their H1 antihistaminic activity and sedation potential. Among all the screened compounds, compound 7b, 7c and 7d, show high H1 antihistaminic activity with IC50 value of 0.1 - 0.8 µM, which are comparable with that of the standard drug cetirizine. The sedative potential of the compounds was tested on albino mice using the photoactometer method. All the three compounds show less sedation potential than that of the standard drug diphenhydramine. In conclusion, the novel compounds appear with promising potential as non-sedating antihistamine agents.
Antioxidant and Antimutagenic (Anticlastogenic) Effect of Solanum xanthocarpum Seed Extracts
Authors: Vaidya Santosh Kumar , Golwala Dharmesh K. , Patel Darpini S
Published: August 2020

The aim of the present study was to investigate the in-vitro antioxidant and in-vivo Antimutagenic properties of Solanum xanthocarpum seed extracts the preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening was to reveal presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, glycoside, alkaloids, carbo-hydrates, and reducing sugar etc. Based preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening, Quantitative estimation of polyphenols was performed, quantitative estimation alcoholic extract found significant amounts of polyphenols as compare to aqueous extract. In-vitro antioxidants was performed by two method DDPH and superoxide radical scavenging method, the alcoholic extract shows significant antioxidant properties as compare to aqueous extract, based on polyphenols and antioxidant properties alcoholic extracts was used for the antimutagenic (clastogenic) test. Alcoholic extract produced significant result in antimutagenic activity.
A New RoVe Method to Purify Endophytic Fungi from Medicinal Plants Western Ghats of Karnataka India
Authors: Vedamurthy Ankala Basappa , Mane Rohit Shankar
Published: August 2020

Endophytic fungi from medicinal plants were hardly ever reported as compared to those from soil and marine sources. The present results associate the presence of endophytic fungi in medicinal plants by isolating them from three medicinal plants i.e. Bombax ceiba, Aloe vera, and Ximenia americana. In the present research investigation, surface sterilization method and media were standardized, and 32 endophytic fungi were isolated from three medicinal plants. We assessed the competence of three different surface sterilization methods and four media for isolation of endophytic fungi. The RoVe method used was more effective in eliminating epiphytic microorganisms. Therefore by using new method we have isolated total of 32 fungal endophytes and those were belongs to Aspergillus nomius (63.20%), Aspergillus niger (41.60%), Thielaviopsis basicola (38.33%), Fusarium oxysporum (33.20%), Pestalotiopsis inflexa (27.20%), Nigrospora sphaerica (20%), Alternaria alternata (15.30%) and Phomopsis archeri (20%). This is the first report of successful isolation of endophytic fungi from the said medicinal plants, for using newly formulated surface sterilization method.
Efficiency of Salen Functionalized Ionic Liquids and their Application towards Biological Activity
Authors: Sobanara C. Isac , Princela M. Antilin
Published: August 2020

Schiff bases were often used as chelating ligands for the stabilization of metal ions with various oxidation states. It is called privileged ligands, due to their own peculiar capacity to make a four and six coordinated salen complex to stabilize the metal ions. On the other hand, Ionic liquid (IL) also plays a key material in engineering and scientific fields. Due to their own physiochemical properties and widespread applications in different areas of research. It has been recently found that, the suitable choice and appropriate size of cation and anion can alter the geometry of ILs and it directly influenced the biological activity of ILs. Herein ionic liquid tagged new salen complexes of first row transition metals such as Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn have been synthesized successfully and characterized. The structure of synthesized salen complexes were studied by UV, FT-IR, NMR and Mass spectroscopic techniques. Metal complexes play a vital role in drug discovery since ancient times. Especially, these complexes can interact with the cell membrane and make the morphological changes in the affected site. Moreover, the efficiency of salen complexes were assessed by antimicrobial and antifungal studies. Among all the IL tagged salen complexes the Ionic liquid tagged cobalt salen complexes was very effective against the tested microorganisms.
Quantum­-Inspired Genetic Algorithm for Solving the Test Suite Minimization Problem
Authors: Hussein Hager , Younes Ahmed , Abdelmoez Walid
Published: August 2020

Test Suite Minimization problem is a nondeterministic polynomial time (NP) complete problem insoftware engineering that has a special importance in software testing. In this problem, a subset with a minimalsize that contains a number of test cases that cover all the test requirements should be found. A brute­forceapproach to solving this problem is to assume a size for the minimal subset and then search to find if there is asubset of test cases with the assumed size that solves the problem. If not, the assumed minimal size is graduallyincremented, and the search is repeated. In this paper, a quantum­inspired genetic algorithm (QIGA) will beproposed to solve this problem. In it, quantum superposition, quantum rotation and quantum measurement willbe used in an evolutionary algorithm. The paper will show that the adopted quantum techniques can speed upthe convergence of the classical genetic algorithm. The proposed method has an advantage in that it reduces theassumed minimal number of test cases using quantum measurements, which makes it able to discover the minimalnumber of test cases without any prior assumptions.
Coeficiente de arrastre de modelos circulares y cuadrados instalados en túnel de viento de ECITEC
Authors: Morales Contreras Oscar Adrián , Paz González Juan Antonio , Hernández Martínez Emilio , Cortes Rodríguez María , Luna Serrano Gleen
Published: August 2020

Se determinó el coeficiente de arrastre con el prototipo construido en el laboratorio de fluidos de ECITEC, el cual está constituido por una báscula y un soporte de acero al que se fijan los modelos cuadrados y circulares que se instalan en el túnel de viento subsónico de ECITEC. Con los datos obtenidos se obtuvieron valores para el coeficiente de arrastre de entre 1.3 a 1.6 para los modelos analizados con un Reynolds con rango de 106367 a 221954.
Errores innatos metabólicos en parálisis cerebral. Estudio en 174 infantes
Authors: Rodríguez R Jesús Manuel , Sánchez Jadwiga
Published: August 2020

Introducción: La Parálisis Cerebral (PC) es un conjunto de alteraciones motrices no progresivas en la población infantojuvenil, ocasionadas por lesión –a nivel cerebral- de neuronas o fibras de esa vía, de sus aferencias o de las que la modulan; para su diagnóstico deben conocerse otras patologías también frecuentes y que pueden incidir simultánea o causalmente en la motricidad del paciente; la resultante sería disfunción motora tanto voluntaria como involuntaria, refleja o con propósito, de la postura y/o del tono muscular. Objetivo: detectar errores innatos metabólicos (EIM) que causan o se asocian con PC en una serie significativa. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo-interpretativo, se revisaron los expedientes clínicos del Centro de Parálisis Cerebral de Caracas, en cuyos diagnósticos se presentaron ambas alteraciones, entre los años 1988 y 2018. Resultados: De las 2.000 historias clínicas revisadas, el exámen clínico y las pruebas de laboratorio permitieron seleccionar 174 casos de EIM. Conclusiones: Se tipificaron los errores innatos metabólicos en diez formas clínicas distintas, se evidenciaron en pacientes con PC atendidos en un centro público de Caracas, es posible que la casuística sea varias veces mayor en Venezuela dado que ya no se aplica la pesquisa en los centros de atención pública.
Problemas en la prescripción de medicamentos en Venezuela
Authors: Velázquez de Campos Omaira
Published: August 2020

En años recientes los venezolanos hemos enfrentado problemas de diversa índole con relación a la situación de salud. Entre ellos, problemas en la prescripción y la obtención de medicamentos. En esta publicación se tratarán aspectos importantes para la correcta prescripción y obtención de medicamentos, lo cual, a su vez, debería ser el colofón de la atención médica de primera que siempre ha caracterizado a nuestro país y que hoy, lamentablemente, ha devenido en una situación muy dolorosa. La prescripción y obtención de medicamentos puede verse dificultada por diversos inconvenientes, entre los cuales podemos considerar aquellos que tienen relación con el medicamento propiamente dicho, con el prescriptor y el cliente, con las regulaciones vigentes en nuestro país y con la disponibilidad en los centros autorizados para su venta. Como consecuencia de una prescripción inadecuada y un consumo inapropiado de medicamentos pueden surgir problemas muy serios, entre los cuales habría que destacar, en el campo de los antiinfecciosos, la resistencia bacteriana. Y en el campo de fármacos destinados al tratamiento del dolor, la ansiedad y el insomnio, la posibilidad de adicciones diversas. La prescripción adecuada de medicamentos conlleva la necesidad de conocer, a la par de los efectos beneficiosos y terapéuticos de los mismos, la posibilidad de efectos adversos e interacciones. Todos los prescriptores sanitarios deben conocer los fundamentos de la Farmacovigilancia, la cual permitirá conocer el verdadero balance riesgo-beneficio de los fármacos, por lo cual hacemos una breve mención de la misma al final de esta presentación.
Bases para el desarrollo de políticas y programas para garantizar el bienestar en los primeros mil días de vida
Authors: Herrera Cuenca Marianella
Published: August 2020

Los primeros mil días de vida, desde la concepción hasta el final de los primeros dos años de vida, constituye un período crucial para establecer el desarrollo de la enfermedad o de la salud en la vida futura de los individuos. La exposición a ambientes adversos determinará las alteraciones temporales en el ADN que perduran en el tiempo que dicha exposición exista. Las políticas y programas destinados a garantizar el bienestar durante esta ventana crítica del crecimiento son cruciales para que la población goce de las mejores condiciones posibles que permitan la expresión de su máximo potencial, al cual están programados para desarrollar.
Evaluación antropométrica de un grupo de pacientes adultos mayores
Authors: Bauce Gerardo
Published: August 2020

Introducción: Las medidas antropométricas resultan de utilidad para evaluar el estado nutricional, son fáciles de obtener cuando se aplican a poblaciones de ancianos ambulantes. Objetivo: evaluar antropométricamente un grupo de adultos mayores; para ello se midieron las variables: edad, peso, talla, Circunferencia de cintura (CC), perímetro de pantorrilla (PP) y se calcularon IMC, ICT, IPCC y %GC. Métodos: Se seleccionó un grupo de adultos mayores, quienes asistieron a la consulta en una clinica privada, del área metropolitana de Caracas, durante los mese de junio y octubre de 2015. Se determinaron los indicadores IMC, CC, PP, ICT, IPCC y %GC, para clasificar, según las categorías de cada uno, a los adultos, y evaluar su estado nutricional. Resultados: Los resultados indican edad 71,9±7,9 años, peso 67,1±13,9, talla 157,6±9,2 cm, CC 93,7±12,2, PP 33,7±4,1, IMC 26,9±4,7, ICT 0,60±0,08, IPCC 0,71±0,10 y %GC 40,4±7,7. Desnutrición según el PP 42,3%(M) y 15,6%(F); Sobrepeso según IMC 69,1%(M) y 62,9% (F); obesidad 30,8% (M) y 37.1%(F). Riesgo elevado y riesgo muy elevado, según la CC, 42,1% (M) y 20,6% (F), y 58,9% (M) y 77,4% (F), respectivamente. ICT revela obesidad 20,7% (M) y 62,2% (F); IPCC riesgo 78,2% (M) y 49,6% (F); %GC obesida 95,5% (M) y 98,3% (F). Correlaciones altas entre CC-ICT, Peso-IMC, Peso-CC, Peso-IPCC (r ≥ 0,80 y p<0,001). Conclusión: los indicadores son muy útiles para evaluar el estado nutricional, y disponer de varios de ellos, permite complementar la evaluación nutricional en el adulto mayor.
Development of Guided Inquiry Learning Module using Promting Probing Technique in Electrolyte and Non- Electrolyte Solution to Increase Thingking Ability Critical Participant in Class X in Senior High School
Authors: Kamilah Suha , . Hardeli , Nizar Umar Kalmar , Kurniawati Desy
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this to produce guided inquiry inquiry electrolyte and non-electrolyte chemistry chemistry modules with probing techniques and determine the level of validity, practicality and use of modules. This research includes education development research (EDR) using the Plomp development model which has three stages, namely the initial research stage (preliminary research stage), the prototype making stage (the prototyping stage) and the renewal stage (the assessment stage). When making prototypes self-evaluation (self-evaluation), expert evaluation (expert review), individual evaluation (oneto-one evaluation), small group evaluation (small group evaluation), while testing is done through the field test (field test) in 2 schools namely SMAN 3 Payakumbuh and SMAN 5 Payakumbuh The research instrument used was a questionnaire in the form of validity and practicality sheets, multiple choice questions and critical thinking descriptions. The results of practicality by students in small groups with an average of 0.89 and practicality by teachers on average 0.90 on the field test is very high. Hypothesis test results show a significant difference between the learning outcomes of experimental class students and the control class in schools with low ability, Hypothesis test results also show a significant difference between the thinking ability of the experimental class and the control class, both in schools with moderate to low student abilities.
La comunicación asertiva: una estrategia para desarrollar las relaciones interpersonales
Authors: Lachira Estrada Diego Salvador , Luján Vera Priscila Estelita , Mogollón Taboada Marlón Martín , Silva Juárez Raquel
Published: August 2020

La asertividad es un comportamiento que evidencia el respeto mutuo con los que nos rodean, interactuando con nuestras relaciones sociales. Este artículo de investigación tuvo como propósito determinar la comunicación asertiva como estrategia para mejorar las relaciones interpersonales de los colaboradores de Nor Autos S.A.C. Se aplicó el diseño descriptivo-no experimental, bajo el enfoque cuantitativo. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por los gerentes (5 personas) y colaboradores (35 personas) de la empresa, a quienes se les aplicó encuestas. En los resultados se evidenció que el género femenino se comunica con frecuencia de manera asertiva a diferencia del género masculino que no es continuo; y con respecto a las áreas, todos se comunican, pero solo de forma laboral. En conclusión, la comunicación asertiva de los gerentes hacia sus colaboradores es mínima, impidiendo que se establezcan vínculos de relaciones interpersonales los cuales hacen insostenible y casi nulo que exista asertividad entre ambos cargos.
An Investigation of Poorly Studied Open Cluster NGC 4337 Using Multicolor Photometric and Gaia DR2 Astrometric Data
Authors: Bisht D. , Elsanhoury W. H. , Zhu Qingfeng , Sariya Devesh P. , Yadav R. K. S. , Rangwal Geeta , Durgapal Alok , Jiang Ing-Guey
Published: August 2020

We present a comprehensive analysis (photometric and kinematical) of the poorly studied open cluster NGC 4337 using 2MASS, WISE, APASS, and Gaia DR2 databases. By determining the membership probabilities of stars, we identified the 624 most probable members with membership probability higher than 50% by using proper motion and parallax data taken from Gaia DR2. The mean proper motion of the cluster is obtained as

and μ

y
 = 1.49 ± 0.006 mas yr−1. We find the normal interstellar extinction toward the cluster region. The radial distribution of members provides a cluster radius of 7.′75 (5.63 pc). The estimated age of 1600 ± 180 Myr indicates that NGC 4337 is an old open cluster with a bunch of red giant stars. The overall mass function slope for main-sequence stars is found as

within the mass range 0.75−2.0

, which is in fair agreement with Salpeter’s value (x = 1.35) within uncertainty. The present study demonstrates that NGC 4337 is a dynamically relaxed open cluster. Using the Galactic potential model, Galactic orbits are obtained for NGC 4337. We found that this object follows a circular path around the Galactic center. Under the kinematical analysis, we compute the apex coordinates (A, D) by using two methods: (i) the classical convergent point method and (ii) the AD-diagram method. The obtained coordinates are (A
conv, D
conv) = (96.°27 ± 0.°10, 13.°14 ± 0.°27) and (A
◦, D
◦) = (100.°282 ± 0.°10, 9.°577 ± 0.°323) respectively. We also computed the Velocity Ellipsoid Parameters, matrix elements (μ

ij
), direction cosines (l

j
, m

j
, n

j
), and the Galactic longitude of the vertex (l
2).
Self-consistent Color–Stellar Mass-to-light Ratio Relations for Low Surface Brightness Galaxies
Authors: Du Wei , McGaugh Stacy S.
Published: August 2020

The color–stellar mass-to-light ratio relation (CMLR) is a widely accepted tool for estimating the stellar mass (M
*) of a galaxy. However, an individual CMLR tends to give distinct M
* for a same galaxy when it is applied in different bands. Examining five representative CMLRs from the literature, we find that the difference in M
* predicted in different bands from optical to near-infrared by a CMLR is 0.1 ∼ 0.3 dex. Based on a sample of low surface brightness galaxies that covers a wide range of color and luminosity, we therefore recalibrated each original CMLR in r, i, z, J, H, and K bands to give internally self-consistent M
* for a same galaxy. The g–r is the primary color indicator in the recalibrated relations, which show little dependence on red (r–z) or near-infrared (J–K) colors. Additionally, the external discrepancies in the originally predicted γ
* by the five independent CMLRs have been greatly reduced after recalibration, especially in the near-infrared bands, implying that the near-infrared luminosities are more robust in predicting γ
*. For each CMLR, the recalibrated relations provided in this work could produce internally self-consistent M
* from divergent photometric bands, and are extensions of the recalibrations from the Johnson–Cousin filter system by the pioneering work of McGaugh & Schombert to the filter system of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey.
X-Ray Hotspots in the Northwest Shell of the Supernova Remnant RX J1713.7−3946
Authors: Higurashi Ryota , Tsuji Naomi , Uchiyama Yasunobu
Published: August 2020

The supernova remnant (SNR) RX J1713.7–3946 is one of the best-studied accelerators of cosmic rays because of its strong nonthermal X-ray and gamma-ray radiation. We have analyzed accumulated Chandra observations with a total exposure time of ∼266 ks in the northwest rim of RX J1713.7–3946. We detect a substantially large number of point-like sources, referred to as “hotspots,” which are likely associated with the remnant. The spectra of the hotspots are well described by an absorbed power-law model. The spectral properties (

and 0.5 ≲ Γ ≲ 6) are different from diffuse X-ray emission in RX J1713.7–3946, and the harder hotspot tends to have the larger N
H. We also confirm yearly and monthly variabilities of flux for some hotspots. We propose that RX J1713.7–3946 is embedded in a complex surroundings where some dense molecular clumps and cores exist inside a wind-blown cavity, and that the hotspot traces synchrotron emission caused by an interaction of shock waves of the SNR and dense molecular cores with a number density of 105–107 cm−3. The X-ray radiation of the hotspot might be emitted both from primary electrons accelerated at the shocks and secondary electrons produced by the interaction of accelerated protons with the cores.
An Exploration of Tensor Virial Equilibrium in Magnetized Molecular Cloud Cores
Authors: Franzmann E. L. , Fiege J. D.
Published: August 2020

PolCat is a software package designed to generate and constrain models of triaxial, magnetized molecular cloud cores using submillimeter polarization and continuum intensity data. Such models often compare well with observational data, but they are mathematically degenerate. As a result, many allowed models are either very elongated or flattened, and far from virial equilibrium. We present a tensor virial analysis of PolCat models with the aim of developing an optional new regularization constraint that can be used on the fly during the PolCat modeling process. This constraint is intended to guide PolCat toward models that are in or close to equilibrium on all three principal axes. While we have found the expected families of spheroidal solutions in tensor virial balance, we have also found a population of triaxial cores that are in three-axis tensor virial equilibrium. We find that models generated using the virial constraint have much more realistic shapes, with very elongated or flattened solutions now absent. Thus, these show that the tensor virial constraint may be useful for restricting PolCat’s solution space to more realistic models, thereby also reducing the degeneracy inherent in our approach. We also perform a Monte Carlo analysis to predict the range of projected axis ratios present in the population of equilibrium solutions to suggest how these cores may appear when observed.
Characterizing Quasar C iv Emission-line Measurements from Time-resolved Spectroscopy
Authors: Rivera Angelica B. , Richards Gordon T. , Hewett Paul C. , Rankine Amy L.
Published: August 2020

We use multiepoch quasar spectroscopy to determine how accurately single-epoch spectroscopy can locate quasars in emission-line parameter space in order to inform investigations where time-resolved spectroscopy is not available. We explore the improvements in emission-line characterization that result from using nonparametric information from many lines as opposed to a small number of parameters for a single line, utilizing reconstructions based on an independent component analysis applied to the data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping project. We find that most of the quasars are well described by just two components, while more components signal a quasar likely to yield a successful reverberation mapping analysis. In single-epoch spectroscopy the apparent variability of equivalent width is exaggerated because it is dependent on the continuum. Multiepoch spectroscopy reveals that single-epoch results do not significantly change where quasars are located in C iv parameter space and do not have a significant impact on investigations of the global Baldwin effect. Quasars with emission-line properties indicative of higher L/L
Edd are less variable, consistent with models with enhanced accretion disk density. Narrow absorption features at the systemic redshift may be indicative of orientation (including radio-quiet quasars) and may appear in as much as 20% of the quasar sample. Future work applying these techniques to lower-luminosity quasars will be important for understanding the nature of accretion disk winds.
The Star Formation Rate–Radius Connection: Data and Implications for Wind Strength and Halo Concentration
Authors: Lin Lin , Faber S. M. , Koo David C. , Salim Samir , Dutton Aaron A. , Fang Jerome J. , Jiang Fangzhou , Lee Christoph T. , Rodríguez-Puebla Aldo , Wel A. van der , Guo Yicheng , Barro Guillermo , Primack Joel R. , Dekel Avishai , Chen Zhu , Luo Yifei , Pandya Viraj , Somerville Rachel S. , Ferguson Henry C. , Kassin Susan , Koekemoer Anton M. , Grogin Norman A. , Galametz Audrey , Santini P. , Nayyeri Hooshang , Stefanon Mauro , Dahlen Tomas , Mobasher Bahram , Hao Lei
Published: August 2020

This paper is one in a series that explores the importance of radius as a second parameter in galaxy evolution. The topic investigated here is the relationship between star formation rate (SFR) and galaxy radius (

) for main-sequence star-forming galaxies. The key observational result is that, over a wide range of stellar mass and redshift in both CANDELS and SDSS, there is little correlation between SFR and

at fixed stellar mass. The Kennicutt–Schmidt law, or any similar density-related star formation law, then implies that smaller galaxies must have lower gas fractions than larger galaxies (at fixed

), and this is supported by observations of gas in local star-forming galaxies. We investigate the implications by adopting the equilibrium “bathtub” model: the ISM gas mass is assumed to be constant over time, and the net SFR is the difference between the accretion rate of gas onto the galaxy from the halo and the outflow rate due to winds. To match the observed null correlation between SFR and radius, the bathtub model requires that smaller galaxies at fixed mass have weaker galactic winds. Our hypothesis is that galaxies are a two-parameter family whose properties are set mainly by halo mass and concentration. These determine the radius and gas accretion rate, which in turn predict how wind strength needs to vary with

to keep the SFR constant.
Impact of an Active Sgr A* on the Synthesis of Water and Organic Molecules throughout the Milky Way
Authors: Liu Chang , Chen Xian , Du Fujun
Published: August 2020

Sgr A*, the supermassive black hole (SMBH) in our Galaxy, is dormant today, but it should have gone through multiple gas-accretion episodes in the past billions of years to grow to its current mass of 4 × 106
M
⊙. Each episode temporarily ignites the SMBH and turns the Galactic Center into an active galactic nucleus (AGN). Recently, we showed that the AGN could produce large amounts of hard X-rays that can penetrate the dense interstellar medium in the Galactic plane. Here we further study the impact of X-rays on the molecular chemistry in our Galaxy. We use a chemical-reaction network to simulate the evolution of several molecular species, including H2O, CH3OH, and H2CO, both in the gas phase and on the surface of dust grains. We find that X-ray irradiation could significantly enhance the abundances of these species. The effect is most significant in young, high-density molecular clouds and could be prominent at a Galactic distance of 8 kpc or smaller. The imprint in the chemical abundance is visible even several million years after the AGN turns off.
Correlation of Structure and Stellar Properties of Galaxies in Stripe 82
Authors: Sachdeva Sonali , Ho Luis C. , Li Yang A. , Shankar Francesco
Published: August 2020

Establishing a correlation (or lack thereof) between the bimodal color distribution of galaxies and their structural parameters is crucial to understand the origin of bimodality. To achieve that, we have performed a 2D mass-based structural decomposition (bulge+disk) of all disk galaxies (total = 1263) in the Herschel imaging area of the Stripe 82 region using Ks-band images from the VICS82 survey. The scaling relations thus derived are found to reflect the internal kinematics and are employed in combination to select an indubitable set of classical- and pseudo-bulge-hosting disk galaxies. The rest of the galaxies (<20%) are marked as disks with “ambiguous” bulges. Pseudo- and classical bulge–disk galaxies exhibit clear bimodality in terms of all stellar parameters (M
*, specific star formation rate, r − K

s
). All pseudo-bulge–disk galaxies are blue and star forming, and all classical bulge–disk galaxies are red and quiescent with less than 5% digressions. Ambiguous bulge–disk galaxies are intermediate to pseudo- and classical bulge–disk galaxies in the distribution of all structural and stellar parameters.

—based on the placement of bulges on the Kormendy relation—is found to be the most efficient single structural indicator of both bulge type and stellar activity. The placement of ambiguous bulge–disk galaxies on scaling relations and the fundamental plane, in addition to their peculiar stellar properties, suggests that they are dominantly part of the green valley.
A new cave amphipod, Pseudocrangonyx wonkimi sp. nov. (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Pseudocrangonyctidae), from the Korean Peninsula
Authors: Lee Chi-Woo , Tomikawa Ko , Min Gi-Sik
Published: August 2020

A new species of pseudocrangonyctid amphipod, Pseudocrangonyx wonkimisp. nov., was found in the groundwater of a cave in the southwestern Korean Peninsula. Pseudocrangonyx wonkimisp. nov. is morphologically most closely related to P. joolaeiLee et al., 2020. However, P. wonkimi is clearly distinguished from P. joolaei by lacking sternal gills, fewer setae on maxilla 1 inner plate, fewer serrate robust setae on the carpus of the gnathopods, lacking bifid setae on the inner ramus of pleopod 3, and fewer articles of rami on pleopod 3. We also determined sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) of P. wonkimisp. nov. for molecular diagnosis. From the molecular analysis based on COI sequences, P. wonkimi showed the closest relationship with P. joolaei with 15.1% genetic distance.
Moss-inhabiting flea beetles in the Philippines (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Alticinae)
Authors: Damaška Albert F. , Mohagan Dale Joy , Fikácek Martin
Published: August 2020

The Philippine islands are one of the key biodiversity hotspots in the Indo-Pacific area. Knowledge of moss-inhabiting flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae), a diverse and ecologically and morphologically enigmatic group in the Philippines is described. Six species from the Philippines are recorded, belonging to three genera: Benedictus luzonicus Sprecher-Uebersax et al., 2009 (recorded from the Philippines previously), Ivalia antennatasp. nov., I. caligulatasp. nov. and I. postfasciata (Chen, 1934), comb. nov. (transferred from Chabria Jacoby, 1887), Cangshanaltica mindanaoensissp. nov., and C. luzonicasp. nov. Cox1 barcode sequences of Ivalia antennata and Cangshanaltica mindanaoensis are presented. Biogeography and diversity of moss-inhabiting flea beetles in the Philippines are discussed.
Revision of the genus Epiparbattia Caradja, 1925 (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Pyraustinae), based on morphology and molecular data
Authors: Zhang Dandan , Chen Kai , Xiang Lanbin
Published: August 2020

The genus Epiparbattia Caradja, 1925 is revised based on general appearance, including genitalia. A new species, Epiparbattia multispinalis Zhang & Chen, sp. nov. is described. The external characters and genitalia morphology of all species are figured. The phylogeny of Epiparbattia species is investigated using molecular data. Monophyly of the genus is well supported by phylogenetic analysis based on sequence data of COI, 16S rRNA, EF-1α and 28S rRNA gene regions.
Le sens de la justice dans l’accès à l’université : les apports de la longue durée
Authors: Goastellec Gaële
Published: August 2020

Parce que l’histoire des universités est celle de l’instrumentation de leur accès à des fins d’administration des territoires et d’ordonnancement social, les modalités de cet accès traduisent la conception, variable dans le temps et l’espace, de ce qui est perçu et négocié comme socialement juste. Les critères de sélection des étudiants et leur évolution rendent compte de cela. Cet article de synthèse, en documentant dans la longue durée la permanence de certaines fonctions de l’accès, puis en contextualisant les exceptions et discontinuités dans les usages des appartenances sociales, saisit les transformations du sens de la justice et les mécanismes par lesquels le changement advient.
Les conceptions de la justice sociale en Europe. Le cas de l’accès aux études supérieures
Authors: Charles Nicolas , Delès Romain
Published: August 2020

Les systèmes d’enseignement supérieur des pays développés font face à une injonction contradictoire : sélectionner mais maintenir une relative ouverture des opportunités. Pour répondre simultanément à ces deux objectifs a priori opposés, les quatre pays étudiés dans cet article (Allemagne, Angleterre, France, Suède) aménagent des solutions de justice sociale variées. Par l’analyse des dispositifs d’action publique d’accès à l’enseignement supérieur, nous montrons que les pays se répartissent selon deux dimensions : leur conception du mérite – sur quel(s) critère(s) sélectionne-t-on ? – et les mécanismes de compensation de la sélection – comment est maintenue une relative ouverture des opportunités malgré la sélection ? L’article aboutit à une typologie des conceptions implicites de la justice sociale des différents systèmes d’enseignement supérieur et invite à s’interroger sur leurs dynamiques récentes.
Les plateformes APB et Parcoursup au service de l’égalité des chances ?
Authors: Frouillou Leïla , Pin Clément , van Zanten Agnès
Published: August 2020

Cet article s’intéresse à l’évolution des modes de régulation de l’accès des jeunes à l’enseignement supérieur en France en partant du postulat que ces modes relaient des conceptions spécifiques de l’ordre social (conservatrices ou progressistes) et de l’égalité (libérales ou sociales). L’analyse porte sur les procédures et les normes associées aux deux plateformes numériques de gestion des candidatures qui se sont succédé ces dix dernières années, Admission Post-Bac (APB) et Parcoursup, en soulignant les éléments de continuité et de changement. Il en ressort que ces plateformes ont en commun d’entretenir la stratification de l’enseignement supérieur français et son rôle dans la reproduction des inégalités tout en introduisant de nouvelles dimensions à tonalité plus marchande. Ces dimensions sont plus présentes dans la plateforme Parcoursup qui encourage explicitement les bacheliers à se comporter en sujets marchands et les universités à adopter les modes de recrutement des filières sélectives.
Les paradoxes d’un programme d’ouverture sociale : les Conventions Éducation prioritaire à Sciences Po
Authors: Oberti Marco , Pavie Alice
Published: August 2020

Cet article vise à interroger les fondements et les effets du modèle de justice sociale promu par le concours Convention Éducation prioritaire (CEP) de Sciences Po Paris. Il s’appuie sur les bases de données du service de la scolarité de Sciences Po, des entretiens avec des candidats et jurés et une analyse lexicale des grilles d’évaluation des entretiens d’admission. Dispositif de discrimination positive « à la française », ce modèle se révèle paradoxal. Il propose une vision renouvelée du mérite comme reconnaissance des talents singuliers, censée relativiser sa dimension strictement académique et rompre avec le principe de standardisation des évaluations. Pourtant, loin de disparaître, cette dimension académique se recompose dans les modalités de sélection et continue de favoriser les meilleurs élèves sur le plan scolaire, dont une partie est issue des classes supérieures, et parmi eux les garçons. Loin d’être homogène, le recrutement du CEP repose sur deux viviers de candidats scolairement, socialement et territorialement contrastés.
« Juger la personne plutôt que l’acte ». Les ressorts sociaux de l’expérience juvénile de la justice des mineurs
Authors: Frauenfelder Arnaud , Bugnon Géraldine , Weil Armelle
Published: August 2020

Cet article propose une analyse des carrières pénales juvéniles « par le bas », en articulant la perspective analytique que mobilise Aaron Cicourel dans son enquête pionnière avec des emprunts théoriques issus d’autres rives sociologiques. Alors que les recherches portant sur l’expérience juvénile de la justice pénale montrent que les trajectoires des jeunes s’inscrivent souvent dans de complexes allers-retours entre la légalité et l’illégalité, cet article révèle plus généralement qu’il est capital de donner à voir l’influence déterminante d’un monde social au-delà de l’institution de la justice et de combiner échelle d’observation in situ à un niveau d’analyse macro tant diachroniquement que synchroniquement. En documentant deux cas, cet article met en lumière les ressorts structurels objectifs et subjectifs impliqués dans l’expérience juvénile du traitement pénal et interroge en retour les effets de celui-ci sur la situation des jeunes. Par là, cet article vise à montrer combien la sociologie cicourelienne – par le soin conféré à l’analyse des « attentes d’arrière-plan » – permet de dresser des ponts entre des traditions théoriques présentées parfois comme antagonistes tout en mettant les chercheur∙e∙s travaillant sur la justice pénale et l’expérience de ses publics sur une piste intellectuellement fort stimulante.
La naissance de l’ontologie à Saint-Gall : Jacob Lorhard et la métaphysique monastique. Un état de la question
Authors: Lamanna Marco
Published: August 2020

À proprement parler, la première «  ontologie » de l’histoire fut publiée en 1606 par Jacob Lorhard, recteur du Gymnasium réformé de Saint-Gall. L’article examine l’ontologie de Lorhard en la replaçant dans son contexte suisse, celui d’une «  municipalisation » de la théologie qui concerna aussi la métaphysique. Nous proposons d’abord une caractérisation «  macrologique » de l’ontologie scolastique moderne par différence d’avec les voies différentes empruntées par les métaphysiques jésuites du xvi e  siècle. Au niveau «  micrologique » ensuite, le cas de Saint-Gall permet de comparer les modèles métaphysiques des réformés et ceux des moines de l’Abbaye bénédictine. Les métaphysiques monastiques offrent de nouvelles perspectives à la recherche sur la naissance de l’ontologie à l’époque moderne.
Leibniz s’est-il livré à l’ontologie ?
Authors: Devaux Michaël
Published: August 2020

On rencontre trois occurrences d’ontologie chez Leibniz, dont deux sont des ratures. Quelle représentation avait-il, en tant que bibliothécaire, de la tradition ontologique telle qu’elle se déployait depuis Jakob Lorhard (que nous abordons ici d’un point de vue scolaire) ? Leibniz a failli faire de l’ontologie une catégorie de livres. Si Abraham Calov (1686), Johannes Clauberg (1691) et Stéphane Chauvin (1692) ont pu être à l’origine de deux occurrences leibniziennes, c’est la question de l’encyclopédie qui en forme le cadre. Le dernier texte est un antidote (1708) à la Metaphysica repurgata du socinien Stegmann. Leibniz, à la suite des Nouveaux essais , y distingue l’ontologie soumise au principe de contradiction et ce qu’il appelle la métaphysique réelle fondée sur le principe de raison.
L’ontologie dans le Lexicon philosophicum d’Étienne Chauvin
Authors: Gasparri Giuliano
Published: August 2020

Le Lexicon philosophicum (1692 et 1713) d’Étienne Chauvin photographie une étape significative dans l’établissement de la terminologie de l’ontologie au sein de la scolastique moderne ; il enregistre la rupture définitive de l’unité de la métaphysique traditionnelle et sa dissolution dans plusieurs disciplines autonomes. La présente étude examine la constellation d’articles du Dictionnaire qui concernent la définition de la métaphysique et de ses branches, en s’arrêtant en particulier sur la notion claire et distincte de la substance, ou res , comme objet premier de l’ontologie. Quelques observations portent ensuite sur les sources de la doctrine de l’étant déployée dans le Lexicon , qui relève du courant «  claubergien » de l’ontologie, reçu par l’intermédiaire de l’œuvre du zurichois Johannes Lavater.
Promesse et fiction chez David Hume
Authors: Boyer Vincent
Published: August 2020

Cet article a pour but de montrer que l’analyse humienne de la justice, et en particulier de l’obligation des promesses telle qu’elle est présentée à la section 5 de la seconde partie du livre III du Traité de la nature humaine , repose sur une conception fictionnaliste de la motivation morale, au sens où l’obligation naturelle de justice (notamment de fidélité) est une fiction. Si cette conception est cohérente avec d’autres aspects de la philosophie de Hume, d’une part, et si elle est une preuve supplémentaire que Hume n’est pas un précurseur de l’utilitarisme, d’autre part, celle-ci risque néanmoins de réduire la justice à une forme de superstition utile.
Continuity, differentiability and semismoothness of generalized tensor functions
Authors: Li Xia , Wang Yong , Huang Zheng-Hai
Published: August 2020

A large number of real-world problems can be transformed into mathematical problems by means of third-order real tensors. Recently, as an extension of the generalized matrix function, the generalized tensor function over the third-order real tensor space was introduced with the aid of a scalar function based on the T-product for third-order tensors and the tensor singular value decomposition; and some useful algebraic properties of the function were investigated. In this paper, we show that the generalized tensor function can inherit a lot of good properties from the associated scalar function, including continuity, directional differentiability, Fréchet differentiability, Lipschitz continuity and semismoothness. These properties provide an important theoretical basis for the studies of various mathematical problems with generalized tensor functions, and particularly, for the studies of tensor optimization problems with generalized tensor functions.
Review of Application of Imidazole and Imidazole Derivatives as Corrosion Inhibitors of Metals
Authors: Alaoui Khaoula , Dkhireche Nadia , Ebn Touhami Mohamed , El Kacimi Younes
Published: August 2020

Imidazole is part of the theophylline molecule, found in tea leaves and coffee beans, which stimulates the central nervous system. Imidazole and its derivatives are an important class of heterocyclic compounds that exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities. Furthermore, synthetic Imidazole are present in many fungicides, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antitumor activities, antiprotozoal, and antihypertensive medications. Apart of its use for biological and pharmaceutical purpose, it also has varying applications in industries: the imidazole has been used extensively as a corrosion inhibitor on metals such as iron, copper, zinc, carbon steel, and their alloys. Imidazole and its derivatives have been reported as effective corrosion inhibitors due to their excellent excited state intra-molecular proton transfer, which elevates the performances of their adsorption into the metallic surface. In this chapter, the authors have reported a review of some works that investigated the effects of some Imidazole molecule on corrosion inhibition properties.
Novel Compounds of Imidazole Derivatives as Effective Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution
Authors: Ouakki Moussa , Galai M. , Aribou Z. , Rbaa M. , Lakhrissi B. , Cherkaoui M.
Published: August 2020

The inhibition performance of two imidazole derivatives, IM-Cl and IM-CH3, on the corrosion behavior of MS in 1M HCl acid solution was studied through weight loss method and electrochemical tests. The results obtained from the electrochemical methods show that inhibition efficiency increases with the increase of inhibitors concentration. The adsorption of inhibitors on the mild steel surface obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The corrosion protection was once also investigated with the aid of UV–Vis spectrophotometry. SEM-EDX was performed and discussed for surface study of uninhibited and inhibited mild steel samples.