bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Life History and Identity
Authors: Tierney William G.
Published: December 2012

This article uses the life history method to chronicle the challenges of a low-income, first-generation student en route to college. The paper addresses three questions: how Manuel navigates college and related topics such as roommates, family, and money; how he creates social networks; and how he works with adults such as teachers and administrators. These questions help demonstrate how a student’s identity changes during the first year of college and how social capital functions in his life. The goal of the article is to further our understanding about social capital and the role it plays in the identity formation of an adolescent.
Faculty Perceptions of Organizational Politics
Authors: Lawrence Janet , Ott Molly
Published: December 2012

This study focuses on a contested area of shared governance, intercollegiate athletics. The researchers consider how faculty perceptions of organizational politics shape their orientations toward collaborative decision-making in this domain. The results provide insights into ways social cognitions about campus-level decision-making affect faculty satisfaction with their collective influence and their prioritization of governance issues. Several directions for further research on athletics oversight and shared governance are identified.
Fantasies of Masculinity in Emilia Pardo Bazán’s Memorias de un solterón
Authors: Erwin Zachary
Published: December 2012

Este artículo examina el conflicto entre dos modelos de masculinidad en Memorias de un solterón. El modelo antiguo se basa en la herencia y el estilo de vida aristocráticos. El modelo moderno, en cambio, es mayoritariamente urbano y burgués, y enfatiza la capacidad del hombre para mantener una familia a base de su propio trabajo. La persistencia del Antiguo Régimen y el atraso económico español con respecto a otros países europeos del siglo XIX dificultan a los personajes de Memorias el cumplimiento de la masculinidad moderna. La preocupación del narrador, Mauro Pareja, por este atraso y por las dificultades económicas asociadas con el matrimonio lo llevan a rechazar los preceptos de este modelo moderno de masculinidad. Mientras tanto, otro personaje, Benicio Neira, vive precariamente entre dos clases (la aristocracia y la burguesía), pero no sabe acoplarse ni al modelo antiguo de masculinidad ni al moderno. Aunque parezca que Mauro y Benicio se convierten en “hombres de verdad” al final de la novela, sus transformaciones se marcan como falsas, ficticias o anacrónicas. De este modo, la novela muestra la dificultad de seguir las normas de la masculinidad moderna en la España decimonónica.
Lo gótico y el siniestro freudiano en “Balka” de Berta María Feo
Authors: Muñoz Willy O.
Published: December 2012

En este cuento de Berta María Feo la protagonista, Balka, regresa a su aldea después de haber llevado una vida licenciosa en la ciudad. Al entrar al bosque, el que ella conocía bien, experimenta un inusitado temor. El lugar con el que una persona está familiarizada y que de pronto se torna extraño tiene las características de lo siniestro postulado por Freud. La extrañeza del sitio donde tiene lugar la acción produce miedo por la extensión del espacio, caracterizado por el silencio y la soledad, partes constitutivas de lo sublime, según Edmund Burke, cuya teoría constituye uno de los precedentes de la literatura gótica. Por otra parte, la belleza del espacio asimismo permite considerar este cuento como modernista, corriente literaria con el que el cuento de Feo coincide temporalmente. Por último, se hace hincapié en la ambigüedad de la acción ya que no se sabe a ciencia cierta si la aparición y peligro de los lobos famélicos ocurre realmente o si es sólo una proyección sicológica de las culpas del personaje.
Nick Carter y el otro Mario Levrero
Authors: Juárez Jesús Montoya
Published: December 2012

Este artículo pretende analizar críticamente una nouvelle fundamental en la reconstrucción del género policial en el Río de la Plata, concretamente en Uruguay, Nick Carter se divierte mientras el lector es asesinado y yo agonizo (1974), deteniéndose en el modo en que este texto exprime las posibilidades inscritas en las formas masivas. Levrero lleva a cabo un inédito “salto a los medios” en la literatura uruguaya, como experimento narrativo en el que las dime novels , las ficciones pulp o la televisión, resultan útiles para construir el personaje de un “Carter real” por cristalización de los diferentes elementos del género, mecanismo que sirve a la expresión de la crisis identitaria del individuo en una realidad crecientemente hostil y cada vez más cruzada de simulacros.
Latent Selfhood and the Problem of Genre in Catalina de Erauso’s Historia de la Monja Alférez
Authors: Kark Christopher
Published: December 2012

El presente artículo mantiene que Historia de la Monja Alférez saca a luz una teoría de subjetividad fundamentada en los géneros literarios y coexten-siva con el acto de escribir como tal. A su base, surgen múltiples estrategias de disimulación y decepción. Con el fin de analizar esta teoría de subjetividad y sus estrategias concomitantes en el texto, el artículo se dividirá en dos secciones. En primer lugar, se examinará cómo la disimulación y la descontextualización acaban creando una imagen confusa de la persona masculina de Erauso, la cual depende principalmente del uso ingenioso de la deixis verbal. Esto se ejemplifica en momentos en que las palabras, las acciones y la apariencia del narrador en primera persona no distinguen entre Catalina y Antonio, es decir, entre sujeto y persona enmascarada. Centrándose en las escenas de cortejo en Historia , el artículo afirmará después que la formación de subjetividad también ocurre a nivel meta-textual, donde el disfraz masculino de Erauso asume una dimensión literaria como un libro de vida , género típicamente varonil. La apropiación de este género permite que Erauso emplee la escritura para sustituir su femineidad por una subjetividad masculina.
Writing on the Desert: Latin American Narrative and the Materiality of Media Forms
Authors: Arellano Jerónimo
Published: December 2012

Este ensayo analiza la forma en que la literatura de ficción en América Latina responde a cambios históricos en las materialidades de la comunicación, específicamente la emergencia de la interfaz gráfica como un espacio de escritura en la época contemporánea. En lugar de reafirmar la obsolescencia del libro en la era de los medios digitales, el siguiente análisis rastrea posibilidades creativas que se abren en la narrativa impresa cuando ésta explora las infraestructuras materiales de nuevas tecnologías. Surgiendo al interior de una creciente convergencia entre medios de comunicación, tanto establecidos como emergentes, estas nuevas “ficciones de materialidad” y sus cartografías mediáticas trascienden la representación de los procesos tecnológicos que atraviesan su entorno inmediato y se atreven a pensar de forma estratégica en sus futuros potenciales desde contextos culturales específicos.
Multi-Wavelength Dye Concentration Determination for Enzymatic Assays: Evaluation of Chromogenic para-Nitrophenol over a Wide pH Range
Authors: Max Jean-Joseph , Meddeb-Mouelhi Fatma , Beauregard Marc , Chapados Camille
Published: December 2012

Enzymatic assays need robust, rapid colorimetric methods that can follow ongoing reactions. For this, we developed a highly accurate, multi-wavelength detection method that could be used for several systems. Here, it was applied to the detection of para-nitrophenol (pNP) in basic and acidic solutions. First, we confirmed by factor analysis that pNP has two forms, with unique spectral characteristics in the 240 to 600 nm range: Phenol in acidic conditions absorbs in the lower range, whereas phenolate in basic conditions absorbs in the higher range. Thereafter, the method was used for the determination of species concentration. For this, the intensity measurements were made at only two wavelengths with a microtiter plate reader. This yielded total dye concentration, species relative abundance, and solution pH value. The method was applied to an enzymatic assay. For this, a chromogenic substrate that generates pNP after hydrolysis catalyzed by a lipase from the fungus Yarrowia lipolytica was used. Over the pH range of 3–11, accurate amounts of acidic and basic pNP were determined at 340 and 405 nm, respectively. This method surpasses the commonly used single-wavelength assay at 405 nm, which does not detect pNP acidic species, leading to activity underestimations. Moreover, alleviation of this pH-related problem by neutralization is not necessary. On the whole, the method developed is readily applicable to rapid high-throughput of enzymatic activity measurements over a wide pH range.
The Comparative Entries of Women Directors into South Korean and Southeast Asian Film Industries
Authors: Chaiworaporn Anchalee
Published: December 2012

In general, four major factors are in place to support women's entries into the film communities: the nature of film industries, the availability of social patronage, the privileges accorded by social class, and education. These four factors play different roles in supporting women
to be a part of their directing circles. To sum up, social change and education are the key elements in drawing Korean women from the shadow into the light of opportunities, while social patronage and class are placed in priorities for Southeast Asian women. In all cases, education is a key
factor to promote them in integrating into the film industries. These four factors are either interconnected or single-handed in influencing women in their respective film industries.
Re-imagining the Japanese: Himatsuri (Fire Festival), the Film and the Novella
Authors: Tomonari Noboru
Published: December 2012

In this paper, I will focus on Himatsuri the film, its reception in Japan, and the Nakagami novella of the same title, in order to study the significance of Himatsuri in the history of Japanese cinema. The film holds an intriguing place in Japanese cinema. It becomes possible, through
analyzing the film and its reception in Japan, to capture an instance when both the cinema and the film critics came to construct yet another nihonjinron (theories of the Japanese), in complicity with re-crafting the Japanese national consciousness.
Eternal Image in the Mirror: In Pursuit of Modernity and the Construction of Chinese Ethical Film Melodrama
Authors: He Chungeng , Wang Fanghua
Published: December 2012

The cultural analysis of Chinese film can provide a privileged perspective from which to view modernity because the evolution and development of Chinese film culture has been central to the ways in which Chinese modernity has been pursued and conceptualized, especially in an ideological
sense. Chinese film melodrama has provided a platform for the discussion of Chinese history and the value of Chinese modernity. In this way it has reflected the development of Chinese society and culture throughout the 20th Century.
Reflection on Chinese Cinema in the Context of Globalization
Authors: Zhen Ni
Published: December 2012

The following is a report from the Centennial Celebration of Chinese Cinema and the 2005 Annual Conference of Asian Cinema Studies Society.
The "Baimaan" or "Betrayed Vision" of Mira Nair's Monsoon Wedding
Authors: Cooper Darius
Published: December 2012

Non-resident Indian filmmakers display a peculiar relationship when it comes to presenting and representing India to the West. In Mira Nair's film, which is presented as an exotic continent and progressively becomes in Barthesian terms, "the political center of the world [which]
we see here (as) all flattened, made smooth and grandly colored like an old-fashioned photograph" (see Barthes, 1972: 94). By insisting on exoticizing her subject, Nair completely denies any identification of her subject with its nativised history. Situating her wedding in India's capital
city of New Delhi, and housing it within an upper class Punjabi joint-family tradition, supplies her with the necessary alibis for creating a highly embroidered product which is exempt from really undertaking any serious examination of all the cultural and familial tensions that erupt during
the preparation of such an important event.
Q&A: Me Know Something About India, Me See Bombay Dreams Soon, with apologies to Vikas Swarup (author of Q&A) and David Sedaris (author of Me Talk Pretty Someday)
Authors: Pearson Lyle
Published: December 2012

This article examines the representation of Indian film at the annual Seattle International Film Festival.
Review: The Clay Bird (Matir Moina, dir. Tareque Masud, 2002, France/ Bangladesh co-production, 98 min.)
Authors: Ehrlich Linda C.
Published: December 2012

The following is a review of the The Clay Bird (dir. Tareque Masud, 2002, France/Bangladesh co-production, 98 min).
A Great Media Wall - China's Film Policy and Its Impacts on U.S. Film Exporters
Authors: Lin Mu
Published: December 2012

This paper attempts to explore issues about China's film industry that are of interest to Hollywood majors, or foreign investors in general, i.e., the regulatory framework of China's film policies regarding foreign investment, the impact of such policies on foreign film investors, and
the long-term policy change in this regard. This study is based on an extensive examination of China's filmrelated legal documents, press reports on foreign media investments in China, and academic literature related to the subject.
Step Feather Stitch: An unfaithful reading
Authors: Brixey-Williams Julie , Worth Libby
Published: December 2012

Step Feather Stitch is a duet that emerged from physical, interactive experiences of collaborative scores brought to the studio by members of 'Species of Spaces', process-led artists within dance, performance and visual art. Using Step Feather Stitch as an example, the authors create
a pathway through the collaborative making process that reveals something of their creative methods whilst offering fragmentary strands that could be woven into practice. This article is designed to offer text and visual stimuli to act both as moments of documentation and provocation for readers
to reinterpret actively. Julie Brixey-Williams and Libby Worth became interested in the way that sewing instructions could be danced and dance instructions sewn. Through this exchange and reinterpretation, the rigid demarcation of boundaries between forms dropped away.
REVIEWS
Authors: Sakade Noriko , Warwick Paul , Davies Ian
Published: December 2012

EDUCATING FOR PEACE IN A TIME OF "PERMANENT WAR": ARE SCHOOLS PART OF THE SOLUTION OR THE PROBLEM?, PAUL R. CARR AND BRAD J. PORFILIO (EDS) (2012) New York: Routledge, 292 pp., IBSN: 978-0-415-89920-8, h/bk, £80.00

TEACHING CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES IN THE CLASSROOM, PAULA
COWAN AND HENRY MAITLES (EDS) (2012) London: Continuum, 239 pp., ISBN 978-1441124845, p/bk, £24.99

WHAT MONEY CAN'T BUY: THE MORAL LIMITS OF MARKETS, MICHAEL SANDEL (2012) London: Allen Lane, 235 pp., ISBN: 184614471X(978-1846144714), h/bk, £20.00
China's peopleship education: Conceptual issues and policy analysis
Authors: Xiao Yao
Published: December 2012

This article proposes the concept of peopleship education, embodied by an analysis of four major Chinese educational policy documents since the 1990s. The Chinese 'people', different from 'citizens', are abstract, correct and materialistic. Such 'people' are produced by peopleship education,
understood as state hegemony through public education to create Chinese individuals who leave the legitimacy of the Communist Party of China (CPC) unquestioned. Situated within a framework of state hegemony that consists of political socialization and depoliticization, China's peopleship education
is underlined by two distinct features, i.e., historical representation and materialistic modernization. The former refers to a historical conditioning and translating of people's abstractness and correctness, via which the CPC claims its legitimacy in representing the people and the society.
The latter refers to a subtle shift of power from the realm of party-state legitimacy to a limited field of modernization as economic productivity - a shift that produces a materialistic people whose interests are to be justified by economic answers rather than political ones. Implications
are further discussed, regarding policy analysis in China and comparative citizenship studies.
School and the creation of national identity in France: When minority groups start to question
Authors: Mabilon-Bonfils Béatrice
Published: December 2012

There is a complex relationship between national identity and cultural identity in France. School has played an important role in reducing the 'other' to the 'same' by promoting a monistic citizenship and by considering the secularist (non-clerical) ideology as neutral. The need to
'teach the Nation' in a country where education is determined nationally (the same for all) can be explained by a number of historical facts. In our political history the part played by the modern state in the birth of the citizen starts with the teaching of common values seen as an ideology
and school contributes to a sense of national identity. France's history is an essential part of such an ideological system. But a universalist perspective may explain what lies behind ideas of identity and nation. This vision of what it means to be a citizen relegates what Durkheim coined
'mechanical solidarity' not to the political sphere but to the cultural sphere, not to the public sphere but to the private sphere. If it is considered that citizenship denies personal allegiance, whether it is infra- or supra-national, it cannot be denied that national identity is a narrative
identity that is often put at stake in a power struggle. Today schools addressing what ethno-religious minorities can bring to national identity in the context of religious and cultural pluralism.
Civic patriotism as a legitimate aim of education for citizenship in England
Authors: Peterson Andrew
Published: December 2012

The concept of patriotism (as opposed to National Identity) has received little attention in the literature and discourse surrounding education for citizenship in English schools. In seeking to address this gap, a case is made here in favour of the teaching and promotion of patriotic
attachment based on the substantive notion of 'civic patriotism'. As such, an attempt is made to counter the suggestion that teaching for patriotism is outside of the legitimate aims of education and education for citizenship. Attention is also given to fruitful areas of deliberation regarding
the curricular content and processes through which this form of patriotism might be taught.
Understanding gender-based violence among adolescents: Exposing challenges for an inclusive educational policy and citizenship education in Cyprus
Authors: Christou Georgina
Published: December 2012

Gender-based violence (GBV) among adolescents has been an understudied phenomenon in Europe, despite the prevalence of studies that deal with violence against women and intimate partner violence. Drawing on the results of a research study conducted with Greek-Cypriot adolescents and
teachers in secondary education schools in Cyprus, the present contribution aims to highlight common forms of GBV in adolescent intimate and peer relationships, as well as the much neglected gender dimension in the perpetration and toleration of bullying in schools. Furthermore, the author
aims at examining the models of attraction that Greek-Cypriot teenagers maintain and their possible interconnections to violence. By investigating the various forms of gender-related violence the author aims to expose the diverse needs of youth in relation to this phenomenon, but also to examine
the contribution that a reformulated citizenship education can make in addressing such violence and discrimination. For this purpose, the author takes a critical look on the management of gender and other social inequality-related issues through the citizenship education philosophy and curriculum,
with a special focus on the Cypriot context, and argues for a more inclusionary concept of citizenship that would represent the everyday realities of diverse social groups and contribute to social change.
Behaving Badly: Animals and the Ethics of Participatory Art
Authors: Wallis Jonathan
Published: December 2012

This article examines the artistic and curatorial strategy of inviting harm to animals in participatory art installations. Marco Evaristti's controversial Helena (2000), at the Trapholt Museum, demonstrates how the use and mistreatment of animals in art can generate intense debates
over animal rights and artistic freedom. The modernist space of the museum, with its presumption of autonomy, can become, in these instances, a site of moral exceptionalism that produces problematic social and legal behaviour in the audience. The deliberate inclusion of animals in provocative
and threatening situations poses an ethical quandary in both art and society at large, as well as raising difficult questions about conduct and responsibility within museums.
Socially Engaged Art, Emerging Forms of Civil Society: Early 1990s Exhibitions in Budapest and Bucharest
Authors: Galliera Izabel
Published: December 2012

Through a contextual reading and critical analysis of two post-1989 art exhibitions in Hungary and Romania, Polyphony (1993) and Exhibition 01010101 (1994), this article explores the distinct role played by curatorial discourses and socially engaged contemporary art in catalyzing locally
emerging forms of democracy in the early 1990s. These exhibitions reveal the paradox of civil society in the wake of communism. Embracing a neoliberal approach, they juxtapose a desire for collective change against a longing to participate in the contemporary international art scene.
A review: MA in Art Education online at Boston University
Authors: Simpson Judith
Published: December 2012

Distance education has become a preferred method of learning by many educators wishing to gain professional degrees. While the reasons for this phenomenon are understandable, there is still a perception among some that online degrees are diluted in scope, content and rigour. That perception
drove the Art Education Department at Boston University to maintain the level of integrity in all areas that exists in our campus programme when designing an online degree.
REVIEWS
Authors: Fears Arthurina , Garnet Dustin , Werner James P. , Kantawala Ami
Published: December 2012

WHY OUR HIGH SCHOOLS NEED THE ARTS, JESSICA HOFFMANN DAVIS (2012) New York: Teachers College Press/Reston, VA: National Art Education Association, 118 pp., ISBN 978-0-8077-5286-9, $23.95

MATTER MATTERS: ART EDUCATION AND MATERIAL CULTURE STUDIES, PAUL E. BOLIN AND DOUG BLANDY
(EDS) (2011) National Art Education Association, 157 pp., 62 mono illustrations, ISBN: 978-1-890160-51-7, $42.00. Reston, VA. Paperback.

ART'S WAY OUT - EXIT PEDAGOGY AND THE CULTURAL CONDITION, JOHN BALDACCHINO (2012) Rotterdam; Boston, Sense Publishers, 204 pp., ISBN: 978-94-6091-792-6,
Hardback: $99.00, Paperback: $39.00

NATIONAL ART EDUCATION ASSOCIATION: ANNUAL CONVENTION, NEW YORK, 2012
Der Gelehrte bei Marsilius von Padua und Wilhelm von Ockham. Zur Abgrenzung von politischer und gelehrter Autorität in der Philosophie des 14. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Ubl Karl
Published: December 2012

In ‘The Republic’, Plato famously reduced practical authority to theoretical authority, arguing that a just society must be governed by philosophers. This idea of the philosopher-king flourished in the medieval specula principum. The medieval papacy was grounded on a similar blend of practical and theoretical authority. The Pope was credited with the capacity to decide on the truth of beliefs because he was elected to office. In their fight against the omnicompetence of the Pope, Marsilius of Padua and William of Ockham were aware that in order to contain the power of the papal office, they had to find a way of legitimately distinguishing between theoretical and practical authority. Consequently, both of them severed the traditional link between political theory and virtue ethics, considering the virtue and the wisdom of the ruler as accidental to the legitimacy of government. In contrast to this demotion of theoretical authority in the state, both Marsilius and William argued that experts should play a bigger role in the church. The definition of true belief and heresy should not, according to them, lie in the hands of an elected official (i. e. the Pope), but rather in the hands of theological experts. This article aims to show that the critique of the papal monarchy gave rise to a new understanding of the distinction between theoretical and practical authority.
Drei Proben aus dem Fragenkreis „Erfahrung“ im mittelalterlichen gelehrten Recht
Authors: Nörr Knut Wolfgang
Published: December 2012

This article is concerned with the role of experientia in medieval law. This could take a number of forms, three of which are treated by way of example. In the first part of the essay, the author discusses how experience first came to serve as a source for the creation and legitimisation of new law since Late Antiquity. Henceforth, it became an important principle within Canon Law that served not only to create legal regulations supplementary to traditional law but also to overwrite and replace it. The second part of the essay is concerned with the role of expert reports (consilia) by men learned in the ius commune which were requested to help rule cases under local law. Being dispersed in collections after their use in court, consilia made a significant impact on common and local law. In the final section the author discusses the use of expert witnesses (from areas as diverse as medicine, agriculture, the arts and crafts etc.). Expert opinions were recognised by court as high-value evidence.
Kleine Thermistoren zur Messung von Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten
Authors: Uffrecht Wieland , Günther Andre , Caspary Volker
Published: December 2012

Die Bestimmung von Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten an rotierenden Maschinenbauteilen ist ein messtechnisches Problem, das für gasumströmte schnell drehende Teile mit guter Wärmeleitfähigkeit bisher ungenügend beherrscht wird. Über die erfolgreiche Erprobung einer Messanordnung, die mit kleinen Thermistoren eine Kompatibilität zu telemetrischer Messtechnik erreicht, berichtet dieser Beitrag.
Anwendung elektrochemischer Untersuchungsmethoden am Stahlbeton mittels spezieller Aufsatzzelle
Authors: Berthold Frank , Ahlborn Christina , Vonau Winfried
Published: December 2012

Vorgestellt wird eine elektrochemische Messzelle als Bestandteil eines neuartigen Messsystems für Korrosionsuntersuchungen am Bewehrungsstahl von Stahlbetonbauwerken. Es wurde eine konstruktive Lösung für eine Aufsatzzelle gefunden, mit der der Anwender in der Lage ist, in Kombination den Zustand der Bewehrung, den Beton im Oberflächenbereich und zwischen Oberfläche und Bewehrung zu charakterisieren. Basis der mit der Messzelle durchgeführten Untersuchungen sind Potential-, Stahlpolarisations- und Betonimpedanzmessungen. Innovativ ist die realisierte flexible Lagerung aller Elektroden, um den Einfluss der Unebenheiten des zu untersuchenden Betonareals zu eliminieren.
Fixpunktthermometer für kleine Rohrquerschnitte
Authors: Augustin Silke , Fröhlich Thomas , Marin Sebastian
Published: December 2012

Fixpunktthermometer wurden für den Einsatz in konventionellen Kraftwerken entwickelt und erfolgreich erprobt. Bei dezentraler Energieerzeugung sind zumeist kleinere Rohrdurchmesser (40–100 mm) für den jeweiligen Wärmeträgertransport üblich. Die Verwendung von Fixpunkt-Thermometern (mit Miniaturfixpunkttiegeln von mind. 25 mm Länge) in solchen Rohrleitungen ist mit inakzeptabel großen Strömungsverlusten oder, bei zu geringer Eintauchtiefe, mit einer Verfälschung der Thermoelement-Temperatur verbunden.
Simit: Turkey's National Bread
Authors: roth alisa
Published: December 2012

The simit, a sesame-covered bread resembling an oversized bagel, is Turkey's unofficial national food. Traditionally sold and eaten on the street, it has been around since at least the Ottoman times. It has been documented in writings and illustrations for centuries; more recently, politicians have used simits as a measure of basic subsistence. Turkey has been cracking down on street food vendors though. And the simit has been facing competition from international snacks like pizza. And companies including Starbucks and the home-grown bakery chain Simit Sarayi have also been making it harder for more traditional simit-bakers and simit-sellers to survive.
Soldier of the Fork: How Nathaniel Newnham-Davis Democratized Dining
Authors: broomfield andrea
Published: December 2012

From Solider of the Infantry to Soldier of the Fork: that's how Lieutenant-Colonel Nathaniel Newnham-Davis described himself to Britons who liked a good dinner, but who nonetheless struggled in “the spider web of a carte de jour.” His 1899 restaurant guide, Dinners and Diners: Where and How to Dine in London, was so successful that he updated it in 1901. By 1914, when Davis published Gourmet's Guide to London, he had launched a restaurant revolution. Unlike gastronomes before him, Davis systematically demystified the protocol of restaurant dining for hundreds of middle-class people who had been too intimidated to step inside one of them or to visit locales where less-expensive restaurant meals were available. Newnham-Davis recognized that his target audience—“the Respectable Classes,” as he referred to them—had little experience with the notion of eating for pleasure or leaving the security of home to venture out to a restaurant. Understanding their inhibitions, Newnham-Davis created a guidebook genre that offered a great deal more than the bare facts and lists that characterized typical guidebooks of the era, such as Baedeker's London and Its Environs.
Sudado de Raya: An Ancient Peruvian Dish
Authors: bradley robert
Published: December 2012

This article delineates the ancient culinary origins of a stew made from ray meat, which remains popular to this day in villages on Peru's North Coast. The major components of the dish (ray meat, chicha beer, ají pepper, and mococho edible seaweed) are thoroughly discussed in reference to the pre-Columbian record and the preparation of the recipe. The ancient Peruvian tradition of fishing is outlined and numerous references are made to maritime imagery in the art of the prehispanic Moche people. The cultural tradition and architecture of the Moche serve as a backdrop for the entire discussion.
A 1939 World's Fair Souvenir Plate
Authors: riegler shax
Published: December 2012

The 1939 World's Fair in New York City celebrated the future—“The World of Tomorrow”—while also commemorating the one-hundred-and-fiftieth anniversary of George Washington's inauguration as first president of the United States. (His swearing-in ceremony had taken place in the city.) This essay examines the odd juxtaposition of imagery depicting both events on a blue-and-white transfer-printed ceramic souvenir plate from the fair. In the central portion of the plate, a god-like Washington, seen from behind, stands on a neoclassical balcony gazing out over the fairgrounds toward the iconic Trylon and Perisphere; around the rim small illustrations show several of the significant structures at the fair. Using the plate as a starting point, this essay considers the contemporary significance of and enduring interest in the fair. It explores the role of food and food-related displays at the fair, and it offers an explanation for the style and form of this particular plate, and other souvenir plates, intended for display yet also referencing the everyday functionality of the common household dinner plate.
The Role of Visual Feedback and Creative Exploration for the Improvement of Timing Accuracy in Performing Musical Ornaments
Authors: Timmers Renee , Sadakata Makiko , Desain Peter
Published: December 2012

in developing a visual feedback system for a creative activity such as music performance, the objective is not just to reinforce one particular manner of performing. Instead, a desirable characteristic might be that the visual feedback enhances flexibility and originality, in addition to contributing to performance precision. In an experimental study focused on the timing of a musical ornament, we examined whether the instruction to explore ornament timing in training trials with or without visual feedback leads to improved temporal precision in imitating target performances of the ornament, and whether visual feedback enhances the performance diversity during training. The study uncovered distinct strategies of exploration of the performance of the musical ornament and highlighted the dynamics of exploration behavior during training. Visual feedback enhanced exploration of temporal characteristics and influenced imitation accuracy. This study opens up educational possibilities for the training of performance skills and provides direction for further investigation of creative processes in performance.
The expression of genes involved in NF-κB activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with gestational diabetes
Authors: Kuzmicki Mariusz , Telejko Beata , Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek Natalia , Lipinska Danuta , Pliszka Justyna , Wilk Julisz , Zielinska Anna , Skibicka Justyna , Szamatowicz Jacek , Kretowski Adam , Gorska M
Published: December 2012

Objective

In patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes, the changes in insulin resistance are associated with the changes in expression of genes involved in nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). As such studies have never been carried out in patients with gestational diabetes (GDM), in this study, we evaluated the expression of genes involved in NF-κB activation and related to glucose metabolism in PBMCs obtained from pregnant women with GDM and normal glucose tolerance (NGT).

Design and methods

RT-PCR was performed in 60 pregnant women divided into three groups: GDM at the 1st visit, i.e. in the 24th–28th weeks of gestation (GDM1), NGT at the first visit and GDM in the 29th–32nd weeks (GDM2), and NGT at both visits. The tests were repeated 3 months postpartum.

Results

The GDM1 group had significantly higher TLR2 (P=0.024), TLR4 (P=0.037), STAT1 (P=0.027), and CX3CL1 (P=0.017) mRNA expression, whereas the GDM2 group showed markedly lower TNFRSF1A (P=0.042), PPARG (P=0.018), STAT3 (P=0.013), and CX3CL1 (P=0.038) mRNA expression in comparison with the NGT group. The women with NGT at the 1st visit who later developed GDM had significantly higher fasting glucose (P=0.01), HOMA-IR (P=0.004), and TLR2 mRNA expression (P=0.04), as well as lower ISSI2 (P=0.01) and disposition indices, DI30 (P=0.03) and DI120 (P=0.01), than had the women who remained normoglycemic.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that elevated TLR2 expression, as well as higher fasting glucose and lower compensation for increased insulin resistance, may represent early metabolic disturbances in the development of GDM.
Gender differences in serum high-molecular-weight adiponectin levels in metabolic syndrome
Authors: Eglit Triin , Lember Margus , Ringmets Inge , Rajasalu Tarvo
Published: December 2012

Objective

The objective of this study was to estimate gender-specific associations between metabolic syndrome (MS) and high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin in an Estonian adult population.

Methods

Plasma HMW adiponectin was measured in 458 subjects (191 men) who participated in a population-based cross-sectional multicenter study (n=495) on the prevalence of metabolic disorders in Estonia. MS was defined according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria.

Results

Median HMW adiponectin levels (μg/ml) were significantly lower among all subjects with MS compared with subjects without MS: 2.1 vs 2.8 in men (P=0.002) and 3.1 vs 5.1 in women (P<0.001). In a fully adjusted, logistic regression model containing HMW adiponectin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), BMI, and age, HMW adiponectin was significantly associated with MS only in women. Comparison of HMW adiponectin and HOMA-IR as markers for MS indicated that HOMA-IR predicted MS better than did HMW adiponectin in both genders. However, after adjusting for age and BMI, HOMA-IR was a significantly better predictor only in men. HMW adiponectin and HOMA-IR predicted the presence of MS at the same level in women. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for HMW adiponectin and HOMA-IR were 0.833 vs 0.88 in men (P=0.02) and 0.897 vs 0.907 in women (P=0.5).

Conclusions

These data suggest that the association between low HMW adiponectin levels and presence of MS might be stronger in women compared with men.
Lifetime Growth and Blood Pressure in Adolescence: Hong Kong’s “Children of 1997” Birth Cohort
Authors: Heys Michelle , Lin Shi Lin , Lam Tai Hing , Leung Gabriel M. , Schooling C. Mary
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVES:

Blood pressure tracks from adolescence to adulthood and is positively associated with low birth weight and faster infant growth. Most observations are from Western populations; it is unclear whether these are biologically based or contextually specific. We examined the associations of growth with blood pressure in adolescence.

METHODS:

Multivariable partial least squares regression was used to assess the associations of growth to ∼11 years with blood pressure at ∼11 years in 5813 term births from Hong Kong’s Children of 1997 birth cohort. Growth was considered as gender- and age-specific z-scores for birth weight, BMI, and length at 3 months; change in z-scores for BMI and height at 3 to 9 months, 9 to 36 months, 3 to 7 years, and 7 to 11 years; and BMI and height at 11 years.

RESULTS:

Birth weight was weakly inversely associated with systolic blood pressure in girls –0.58 mm Hg 95% confidence interval –1.05 to –0.12 (boys –0.21, –0.71 to 0.30). Childhood growth, particularly linear growth at 7 to 11 years (girls: 1.27, 0.56 to 1.98; boys 2.11, 1.39 to 2.83), as well as current height (girls: 2.40, 2.04 to 2.76, boys: 2.65, 2.29 to 3.01) and BMI (girls: 2.72, 2.35 to 3.09, boys: 2.72, 2.09 to 3.36) were associated with higher systolic blood pressure. Diastolic blood pressure was also positively associated with current size.

CONCLUSIONS:

In the first study to examine simultaneously the role of pre- and postnatal growth in adolescent blood pressure, the role of late childhood growth predominated.
Subclinical Cerebral Edema in Children With Diabetic Ketoacidosis Randomized to 2 Different Rehydration Protocols
Authors: Glaser Nicole S. , Wootton-Gorges Sandra L. , Buonocore Michael H. , Tancredi Daniel J. , Marcin James P. , Caltagirone Ryan , Lee Yvonne , Murphy Christopher , Kuppermann Nathan
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE:

Previous studies show that vasogenic cerebral edema (CE) occurs during diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) treatment in children, but the role of intravenous fluids in contributing to CE is unclear. We used magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging to quantify subclinical CE in children with DKA randomized to 2 intravenous fluid regimens.

METHODS:

Children with DKA were randomized to receive fluids at a more rapid rate (n = 8) or a slower rate (n = 10), with all other aspects of DKA treatment kept identical. Children underwent diffusion weighted imaging 3 to 6 hours and 9 to 12 hours after beginning DKA treatment and after recovery from DKA (≥72 hours after beginning treatment). We calculated brain apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values as the average of measurements in the basal ganglia, thalamus, frontal white matter, and hippocampus and determined the mean brain ADC value during DKA treatment by averaging data from the 3- to 6-hour and 9- to 12-hour measurements. The difference in mean brain ADC between DKA treatment and postrecovery was used as an index of the severity of CE during DKA treatment.

RESULTS:

Mean brain ADC values during DKA treatment were significantly higher than postrecovery values, consistent with vasogenic CE (842 ± 38 vs 800 ± 41×10–6 mm2/second, P = .002). We did not detect significant differences in ADC elevation in children treated with more rapid versus slower rehydration (β coefficient 0.11 for 1 SD change in ADC, 95% confidence interval: –0.91 to 1.13).

CONCLUSIONS:

ADC changes during DKA treatment (reflective of vasogenic CE) do not appear to be substantially affected by the rate of intravenous fluid administration.
A hanging manőver újabb indikációi a májsebészetben
Authors: Jakab Ferenc , Dede Kristóf , Láng István , Bursics Attila , Mersich Tamás
Published: December 2012

Absztrakt

A „hanging maneuver” (LHM – Liver Hanging Maneuver) emelőszalag átvezetését jelenti a vena cava inferior és a májparenchyma között a resectio megkönnyítésére. A szerzők áttekintik a „hanging maneuver” májsebészeti alkalmazását, különböző módosításait, anatómiai és szövettani alapjait. Megállapítják, hogy a módszer a májsebészet biztonságának fokozására és a radikalitás növelése érdekében alakult ki. Kezdetben a jobb májfél nagy kiterjedésű, rekesszel összekapaszkodott daganatainak eltávolításához használták, később számos új indikációja és módosítása született. A szerzők két újabb indikációt dolgoztak ki a „hanging maneuver” alkalmazására. A IVA szegmentumban elhelyezkedő colorectalis májmetastasis, illetve a HCC resecabilitásának műtéti megállapítására és vérmentes resectiójához használták. A VII. szegmentumban lévő vena cava inferiort infiltráló daganat esetében pedig a hanging maneuver a partialis cavaresectiót könnyítette meg. A szerzők 4 esetüket mutatják be röviden. Megállapítható, hogy az LHM részint a IVA, VII. szegmentum resectiójának kivitelezhetőségét, részint biztonságát fokozza. A képalkotó eljárások utalhatnak a vena cava inferiorhoz közel fekvő daganatra, de a fali infiltratiót kizárólag intraoperatíve lehet teljes biztonsággal megállapítani. A vascularis infiltratio igazolására vagy kizárására az intraoperatív ultrahang és a jelenlegi előadásban javasolt LHM alkalmazható.
AlGaN/GaN Structures Grown by HVPE: Growth and Characterization
Authors: Mastro M.A. , Tsvetkov D.V. , Pechnikov A.I. , Soukhoveev V.A. , Gainer G.H. , Usikov A. , Dmitriev V. , Luo B. , Ren F. , Baik K.H. , Pearton S.J.
Published: December 2012

This letter reports on multi-layer submicron epitaxial device structures grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). This is the first demonstration of both high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) devices and ultraviolet light emitting diodes (LED) emitting in the wavelength range from 305 to 340 nm based on AlGaN/GaN and AlGaN/AlGaN heterostructures grown by HVPE. Two unique aspects of this technological approach are the growth of Al-containing epitaxial material by HVPE and use of HVPE to form submicron multi-layer epitaxial structures. The high performance of HVPE grown devices presented in this report demonstrates the significant potential that exists for HVPE growth technology for mass production of device epitaxial wafers.
Association between CDH1 and MSX1 Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and/or Cleft Palate in a Southeast Iranian Population
Authors: Rafighdoost Hooshang , Hashemi Mohammad , Narouei Abdolreza , Eskanadri-Nasab Ebrahim , Dashti-Khadivaki Gholamali , Taheri Mohsen
Published: December 2012

Objective

Orofacial clefts such as cleft palate (CP) and cleft lip (CL) and/or cleft palate (CL/P) are the most common congenital anomalies of the head and neck. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the possible association between CDH1 (rs11642413 and rs16260) and MSX1 (rs12532 and rs3775261) gene polymorphisms and nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or cleft palate (NS-CL/P) in a sample of the Iranian population.

Design and Setting

This case-control study was performed on 100 subjects with NS-CL/P and 100 healthy unrelated control subjects. Tetra amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction and multiplex polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the single-nucleotide polymorphisms.

Results

There was a significant difference between NS-CL/P subjects and control subjects regarding CDH1 rs16260 C > A polymorphism, and the rs16260 AC as well as the rs16260 AA genotypes were associated with NS-CL/P susceptibility (odds ratio [OR] = 3.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.51 −6.00, P=.001; and OR = 8.05, 95% CI = 1.72–37.75, P=.002, respectively). No significant difference was found between the groups regarding CDH1 rs11642413 polymorphism. Although MSX1 rs3775261 polymorphism was not a risk factor for the disease, the rs12532 AG and rs12532 GG genotypes were associated with NS-CL/P risk (OR = 2.82, 95% CI = 1.55–5.15, P=.001; and OR = 8.42, 95% CI = 2.26–31.29, P=.004, respectively).

Conclusion

Our data suggest that CDH1 and MSX1 gene polymorphisms are risk factors for susceptibility to NS-CL/P in a sample of the Iranian population. Larger studies are required to validate our findings.
Permeability of aged grout around tunnels in London
Authors: LAVER R.G. , SOGA K. , WRIGHT P. , JEFFERIS S.
Published: December 2012

Prediction of the long-term settlement of clay soils over tunnels requires a knowledge of the permeability of the soil and of the tunnel lining; however, determination of the lining permeability in the field is difficult. An important contributor to this problem is the lack of knowledge concerning the permeability of the grout between the lining and the soil. This paper presents the results of tests to characterise the properties of grout samples from London Underground tunnels, investigating permeability, porosity, microstructure and composition. The tests revealed that the newer grout was impermeable relative to the surrounding clay. However, the older samples showed much greater permeabilities and an altered grout composition, suggesting that degradation had taken place. Exposure to groundwater appeared to have caused carbonation and sulfate reaction. The combination of chemical reaction and leaching of cementitious and degradation products appears to have made these grouts more permeable, so that the grout could act as a drainage path rather than a barrier. This challenges the typical assumption that the grout acts as an impermeable barrier.
Managing design for the delivery of best value
Authors: Johnson Kay A. L.
Published: December 2012

The overall project process and basic project requirements are outlined and a range of reasons are suggested as to why projects underperform. Some of the difficulties of establishing priorities are discussed in the context of achieving best value rather than simply low cost. The results from some recent research into current design practice in the built environment and how designers are educated and trained are summarised. This brief paper limits discussion to those areas that are considered to have the potential to deliver the greatest returns particularly in combination. They are the role of clients and their advisors, the education and continuing training of professional designers, improving understanding of the design process by all stakeholders, and the application of information and communications technology to establish a project platform for the communication of strategy, objectives and information. These lead to the focus on design as a fundamental driver in delivering best value and hence the importance of managing design. Various concepts and processes are proposed, together with a range of methods and techniques that can be applied depending on the type, scale and nature of the project.
Out-of-plane buckling of Y-braced frames with rigid joints
Authors: Majid Zamani Sohail , Vafai Abolhassan , Kazemi Mohammad Taghi
Published: December 2012

Because of the complicated buckling characteristics of Y-shaped bracings, calculation of their strength is beyond routine engineering procedures. A method based on slope–deflection equations incorporating stability functions has been used for computation of buckling eigenvalues and effective length factors. Lateral strength is computed based on the least buckling strength of bracing members. This study is limited to bracings with similar sections and fixed end connections resisting out-of-plane rotation. Lateral strengths predicted by the analytical method for two cases are compared with experimental results on full-scale specimens. It is shown that the proposed analytical method predicts the real strength with a good precision for practical purposes.