bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of anti-staphylococcal efficacy: traditional homeopathic dilutions vs. nano-enhanced Rhus Tox formulations
Authors: Goswami Pritam , Goswami Anamitra , Sil Moumita , Chatterjee Ishita , Ray Mausumi , Goswami Arunava , Ghosh Sayak , Ghosh Shubhamoy , Das Satadal , Chakraborty Subhajit
Published: December 2024

Background

Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of death, especially among the elderly. This bacterium produces several surface membrane proteins, with staphylococcal protein A (SpA) being particularly important. Despite its prevalence, there are no targeted treatments available for geriatric patients. In homeopathy, Rhus toxicodendron (RT) is frequently used in various dilutions-Mother Tincture (MT), 6CH, 30CH, and 200CH- for conditions like skin infections, soft tissue disorders, and joint ailments.

Methods

In this study, we evaluated the effects of Rhus toxicodendron (RT) at different concentrations on Staphylococcus aureus through bacterial plate cultures and compared the outcomes with Nano-RT. Notably, Nano-RT MT is not commercially available. This research is the first to showcase both the efficacy and biosafety of the innovative nano-ZnO RT MT homeopathic formulation.

Results

This study examined the inhibitory effects of Rhus toxicodendron in its Mother Tincture (MT) form and in 6CH, 30CH, and 200CH dilutions against Staphylococcus aureus. Nano-ZnO was synthesized from Rhus toxicodendron MT and combined to create Nano-MT. Both Rhus Tox MT and Nano-RT MT demonstrated significant inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus within 24 h of application.

Conclusions

Rhus Tox MT and Nano-RT MT present promising new options for treating Staphylococcus aureus infections in elderly patients. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated that Nano-RT MT is completely biologically safe in mice.
Intestinal permeability biomarkers in patients with schizophrenia: Additional support for the impact of lifestyle habits
Authors: González-Blanco Leticia , Dal Santo Francesco , García-Portilla Maria Paz , Alfonso Miqueu , Hernández Carla , Sánchez-Autet Mónica , Anmella Gerard , Amoretti Silvia , Safont Gemma , Martín-Hernández David , Malan-Müller Stefanie , Bernardo Miquel , Arranz Belén
Published: December 2024

Background

Emerging evidence suggests a potential association between “leaky gut syndrome” and low-grade systemic inflammation in individuals with psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. Gut dysbiosis could increase intestinal permeability, allowing the passage of toxins and bacteria into the systemic circulation, subsequently triggering immune-reactive responses. This study delves into understanding the relationship between plasma markers of intestinal permeability and symptom severity in schizophrenia. Furthermore, the influence of lifestyle habits on these intestinal permeability markers was determined.

Methods

Biomarkers of intestinal permeability, namely lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), were analyzed in 242 adult schizophrenia patients enrolled in an observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study from four centers in Spain (PI17/00246). Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, including psychoactive drug use, lifestyle habits, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale to evaluate schizophrenia symptom severity, and the Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry to assess cognitive performance.

Results

Results revealed elevated levels of LBP and LPS in a significant proportion of patients with schizophrenia (62% and 25.6%, respectively). However, no statistically significant correlation was observed between these biomarkers and the overall clinical severity of psychotic symptoms or cognitive performance, once confounding variables were controlled for. Interestingly, adherence to a Mediterranean diet was negatively correlated with I-FABP levels (beta = −0.186, t = −2.325, p = 0.021), suggesting a potential positive influence on intestinal barrier function.

Conclusions

These findings underscore the importance of addressing dietary habits and promoting a healthy lifestyle in individuals with schizophrenia, with potential implications for both physical and psychopathological aspects of the disorder.
Systemic Therapy for Stage I-III Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: ASCO Guideline
Authors: Morris Van K. , Kennedy Erin B. , Amin Manik A. , Aranha Olivia , Benson Al B. , Dorth Jennifer A. , Horowitz David P. , Kennecke Hagen F. , Kim Stefano , Kreppel Lillian , Mettu Niharika B. , Rajdev Lakshmi , Riechelmann Rachel , Sio Terence T. , Eng Cathy
Published: December 2024

ASCO Guidelines provide recommendations with comprehensive review and analyses of the relevant literature for each recommendation, following the guideline development process as outlined in the

ASCO Guidelines Methodology Manual

. ASCO Guidelines follow the

ASCO Conflict of Interest Policy for Clinical Practice Guidelines

.

Clinical Practice Guidelines and other guidance (“Guidance”) provided by ASCO is not a comprehensive or definitive guide to treatment options. It is intended for voluntary use by clinicians and should be used in conjunction with independent professional judgement. Guidance may not be applicable to all patients, interventions, diseases or stages of diseases. Guidance is based on review and analysis of relevant literature and is not intended as a statement of the standard-of-care. ASCO does not endorse third-party drugs, devices, services, or therapies and assumes no responsibility for any harm arising from or related to the use of this information. See complete disclaimer in
Appendix 1
and
2
(online only).

PURPOSE

To provide evidence-based guidance for clinicians who treat patients with stage I-III anal cancer.

METHODS

A systematic review of the literature conducted by the Minnesota Evidence-based Practice Center provided the evidence base for this guideline. An ASCO Expert Panel reviewed this evidence and came to consensus on a set of evidence-based recommendations.

RESULTS

The systematic review contained three randomized controlled trials and three nonrandomized studies of interventions that were relevant to the guideline topic and informed the recommendations.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Mitomycin-C (MMC) with a fluoropyrimidine (fluorouracil [FU] or capecitabine) is recommended as the radiosensitizing component of chemoradiation (CRT) for anal cancer; the Expert Panel recognizes that capecitabine is often used as an orally administered alternative to FU and is currently being used in ongoing clinical trials. Cisplatin with FU is an additional chemotherapy combination that may be recommended as radiosensitizing chemotherapy. Because of the myelosuppression associated with MMC, the preferable regimen for patients with immunosuppression is cisplatin and FU. Cisplatin is not recommended for patients with renal dysfunction, significant neuropathy, or hearing loss, and there is no evidence to recommend substituting carboplatin for cisplatin. Dose and schedule options for recommended chemotherapy agents are included within the full text of the guideline. Routine induction chemotherapy before CRT and additional chemotherapy after CRT are not recommended for patients with localized anal cancer.

Additional information is available at
www.asco.org/gastrointestinal-cancer-guidelines
.
Nitrogen incorporation in compressively strained
multiple quantum well lasers
Authors: Hadjaj F. , Belhadj M. , Helmaoui A.
Published: December 2024

Our work focuses on reducing the band gap energy of the Ga
x
In1-x
N
y
As1-y
alloy with a GaAs barrier through the incorporation of nitrogen, making it possible to achieve a long-wavelength emission of 1.3

. Using this model, we will study the influence of the incorporation of nitrogen on the properties of the Ga
x
In1-x
N
y
As1-y
/GaAs multiple quantum well laser which are strain, optical gain and spontaneous emission. The band anticrossing model is used to quantitatively describe the extent to which the fundamental band gap energy and effective electronic mass are affected by the incorporation of nitrogen into quaternary Ga
x
In1-x
N
y
As1-y
. Our results show that the incorporation of a small amount of nitrogen (less than 5%) into Ga
x
In1-x
As to form Ga
x
In1-x
N
y
As1-y
alloys leads to a splitting of the conduction band into two non-parabolic subbands and a significant increase in electron effective mass. This splitting can be described in terms of an anticrossing interaction between a narrow band of localized nitrogen states and the extended conduction band states of Ga
x
In1-x
As. The modification of the conduction band structure profoundly affects the properties of the Ga
x
In1-x
N
y
As1-y
alloys and subsequently the Ga
x
In1-x
N
y
As1-y
/GaAs laser structure.
Blood Pressure Estimation Using Explainable Deep-Learning Models Based on Photoplethysmography
Authors: Perdereau Jade , Chamoux Thibaut , Gayat Etienne , Le Gall Arthur , Vallée Fabrice , Cartailler Jérôme , Joachim Jona
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

Due to their invasiveness, arterial lines are not typically used in routine monitoring, despite their superior responsiveness in hemodynamic monitoring and detecting intraoperative hypotension. To address this issue, noninvasive, continuous arterial pressure monitoring is necessary. We developed a deep-learning model that reconstructs continuous mean arterial pressure (MAP) using the photoplethysmograhy (PPG) signal and compared it to the arterial line gold standard.

METHODS:

We analyzed high-frequency PPG signals from 117 patients in neuroradiology and digestive surgery with a median of 2201 (interquartile range [IQR], 788–4775) measurements per patient. We compared models with different combinations of convolutional and recurrent layers using as inputs for our neural network high-frequency PPG and derived features including dicrotic notch relative amplitude, perfusion index, and heart rate. Mean absolute error (MAE) was used as performance metrics. Explainability of the deep-learning model was reconstructed with Grad-CAM, a visualization technique using saliency maps to highlight the parts of an input that are significant for a deep-learning model decision-making process.

RESULTS:

An MAP baseline model, which consisted only of standard cuff measures, reached an MAE of 6.1 (± 14.5) mm Hg. In contrast, the deep-learning model achieved an MAE of 3.5 (± 4.4) mm Hg on the external test set (a 42.6% improvement). This model also achieved the narrowest confidence intervals and met international standards used within the community (grade A). The saliency map revealed that the deep-learning model primarily extracts information near the dicrotic notch region.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our deep-learning model noninvasively estimates arterial pressure with high accuracy. This model may show potential as a decision-support tool in operating-room settings, particularly in scenarios where invasive blood pressure monitoring is unavailable.
Making sense of missense: challenges and opportunities in variant pathogenicity prediction
Authors: Molotkov Ivan , Mardis Elaine R. , Artomov Mykyta
Published: December 2024

Computational tools for predicting variant pathogenicity are widely used to support clinical variant interpretation. Recently, several models, which do not rely on known variant classifications during training, have been developed. These approaches can potentially overcome biases of current clinical databases, such as misclassifications, and can potentially better generalize to novel, unclassified variants. AlphaMissense is one such model, built on the highly successful protein structure prediction model, AlphaFold. AlphaMissense has shown great performance in benchmarks of functional and clinical data, outperforming many supervised models that were trained on similar data. However, like other in silico predictors, AlphaMissense has notable limitations. As a large deep learning model, it lacks interpretability, does not assess the functional impact of variants, and provides pathogenicity scores that are not disease specific. Improving interpretability and precision in computational tools for variant interpretation remains a promising area for advancing clinical genetics.
Phase separation of microtubule-binding proteins – implications for neuronal function and disease
Authors: Duan Daisy , Koleske Anthony J.
Published: December 2024

Protein liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) is driven by intrinsically disordered regions and multivalent binding domains, both of which are common features of diverse microtubule (MT) regulators. Many in vitro studies have dissected the mechanisms by which MT-binding proteins (MBPs) regulate MT nucleation, stabilization and dynamics, and investigated whether LLPS plays a role in these processes. However, more recent in vivo studies have focused on how MBP LLPS affects biological functions throughout neuronal development. Dysregulation of MBP LLPS can lead to formation of aggregates – an underlying feature in many neurodegenerative diseases – such as the tau neurofibrillary tangles present in Alzheimer's disease. In this Review, we highlight progress towards understanding the regulation of MT dynamics through the lens of phase separation of MBPs and associated cytoskeletal regulators, from both in vitro and in vivo studies. We also discuss how LLPS of MBPs regulates neuronal development and maintains homeostasis in mature neurons.
The Impact of Perioperative Radiotherapy on Disease-Specific Survival in Patients with Localized Retroperitoneal Liposarcoma: A Population-Based Propensity-Score Matched Analysis
Authors: Wilhelm Alexander , Wiesler Benjamin , Kümmerli Christoph , Gross Markus W. , Kettelhack Christoph , Müller Beat P.
Published: December 2024

Background

The impact of radiotherapy on the oncologic outcome of retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RPLS) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of radiotherapy on disease-specific survival (DSS) in a cohort of patients with RPLSs.

Methods

In this population-based, retrospective cohort study, patients with localized RPLSs who underwent surgical therapy were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-17 cancer registry program. After propensity-score matching for potential confounders, multivariable logistic and Cox regression analyses were used to examine factors associated with DSS and radiotherapy.

Results

From 2004 to 2020, 1692 patients with localized RPLS who underwent surgical therapy were identified (84.2%  White, 44.6% female, mean age 62 years). Of those patients, 393 patients (23.2%) received perioperative radiotherapy. Patients who received radiotherapy had a higher rate of tumor size between 10 and 20 cm and unknown tumor grading. After propensity-score matching, multivariable adjusted Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated no improvement of DSS for patients who underwent radiotherapy (hazard ratio 1.04, confidence interval 0.81–1.32; log-rank p = 0.47). Patient age ≥80 years, larger tumor size, and tumor grading G3 versus G1/2 were associated with an increased risk of death due to RPLS. Subgroup analyses stratified by grading showed similar outcomes.

Conclusions

The administration of perioperative radiotherapy did not improve DSS in patients undergoing surgery for localized RPLS in this population-based study. Therefore, the use of perioperative radiotherapy in these patients may be questioned. However, the findings should be interpreted with caution due to the inherent limitations of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.
High-Density Surface Electromyography Feedback Enhances Fibularis Longus Recruitment in Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: MENDEZ-REBOLLEDO GUILLERMO , CALATAYUD JOAQUÍN , MARTINEZ-VALDES EDUARDO
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to determine whether individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) can activate the fibularis longus compartments with high-density surface electromyography (HD-sEMG) biofeedback to the same extent as those without CAI, and to analyze the effect of ankle position on compartment activation in individuals with CAI using HD-sEMG feedback.

Methods

There were 16 volunteers per group (CAI and No-CAI). The sEMG amplitude at each compartment (anterior and posterior) and the barycenter of the spatial sEMG amplitude distribution of the fibularis longus were recorded during eversion in neutral and plantar flexion positions at 30% and 70% of maximum voluntary contraction force, both with and without visual feedback on the spatial sEMG amplitude distribution.

Results

sEMG amplitude of the posterior compartment of the fibularis longus in the CAI group trained with HD-sEMG feedback during eversion at 70% maximum voluntary contraction (in plantar flexion) was significantly higher than without HD-sEMG feedback (95% CI = 3.75–34.50% root mean square) and was similar to the activation of the No-CAI group (95% CI = −14.34% to 34.20% root mean square). Furthermore, individuals with CAI who underwent training with HD-sEMG feedback in plantar flexion exhibited a posterior displacement of the barycenter (95% CI = 0.56–2.84 mm).

Conclusions

Utilizing HD-sEMG feedback during eversion in plantar flexion position increases activation of the fibularis longus posterior compartment in individuals with CAI to the same extent as healthy people. HD-sEMG–based topographic maps can serve as effective feedback training to restore motor control of the ankle. Long-term efficacy for improving motor function requires investigation through longitudinal studies.
MultiOptForest: An interactive multi-objective optimization tool for forest planning and scenario analysis
Authors: Eyvindson Kyle , Burgas Daniel , Antón-Fernández Clara , Hakanen Jussi , Emmerich Michael , Klein Julian , Mönkkönen Mikko , Snäll Tord , Toraño Caicoya Astor , Vergarechea Marta , Blattert Clemens
Published: December 2024

MultiOptForest is an open-source software designed to simplify building and solving multi-objective optimization problems for forest planning. It aims to find the optimal portfolio of management regimes that balance the objectives regarding multiple forest ecosystem services and biodiversity. The software flexibly imports data, allowing for the use of a variety of forest simulator outputs. The user provides preference information through a user-friendly graphical interface, where the range of possible values for each objective is provided. MultiOptForest solves the optimization problem producing a set of Pareto optimal solutions, i.e., solutions where none of the objectives can be improved without compromising others. MultiOptForest is versatile enough to design a Pareto optimal forest plan for a small holding to assess management and the trade-off between multiple policy objectives impacting the future development of forests across regions and countries.
Human pressure-volume loops from the impedance catheter: Development and validation of semi-automated beat-by-beat analysis
Authors: Matthews Gareth , Sawh Chris , Li Rui , Mehmood Zia , Assadi Hosamadin , Nelthorpe Faye , Sheth Kavishi , Ashman David , Kasmai Bahman , Gilbert Tim , Ryding Alisdair , Vassiliou Vassilios , Garg Pankaj
Published: December 2024

Introduction Pressure-volume (PV) loops offer a comprehensive evaluation of cardiac function. Impedance catheters enable the acquisition of synchronised intracardiac electrocardiogram (ECG), pressure, and volume data with high temporal resolution. However, current calibration methods are impractical and data interpretation is often inconsistent. Methods In the PREFER-CMR prospective, cohort study, 15 patients with suspected heart failure and preserved ejection fraction underwent same-day cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and invasive impedance catheter studies. Signal processing algorithms were developed to semi-automatically determine PV-loop phases and calibrate impedance catheter volumes to CMR. Results of beat-by-beat and average loop analysis approaches were compared with reference methods and between each other. Results The second-order differential of the pressure-volume trace identified PV-loop phases on a beat-by-beat basis, but gradient smoothing prevented detection in average loops. Calibrated impedance catheter volumes, including left ventricular end diastolic (LVEDV) and end systolic (LVESV) volumes, correlated with CMR (r≥0.95, p<0.001) using both analysis methods. However, the average loop LVESV was overestimated by 8.1ml (p=0.031). For left ventricular end diastolic pressure, both beat-by-beat (r=0.73, p=0.002) and average loop (r=0.69, p=0.005) methods correlated with the fluid-filled manometer reference. Maximum pressure correlation was strong for both beat-by-beat (r=0.85, p<0.001) and average loop (r=0.80, p<0.001) methods, but was 10.1mmHg (p=0.040) lower in the average loop method. Between methods, significant correlations (r=0.73–0.99) were found across all pressures and volumes. Stroke work (r=0.94) and potential energy (r=0.96) significantly correlated (p<0.001) between methods, although Bland-Altman subgroup analysis suggested underestimation of stroke work in atrial fibrillation using the average loop method. Conclusions Impedance catheter volumes can be accurately calibrated using CMR. PV-loop phases can be robustly detected with a semi-automated algorithm. Both beat-by-beat and average loop approaches are viable for analysing multiple cardiac cycles, though beat-by-beat analysis may offer advantages for phase identification, pressure assessment, and in irregular rhythms. Trials registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05114785. Registration date: 05/11/2021. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05114785
IMPROVEMENT OF ADAPTATION AND TRAINING METHODS FOR CUSTOMS OFFICIALS IN THE CONDITIONS OF CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION TRANSFORMATION
Authors: Trubicyn K. , Kalmykova O.
Published: December 2024

The article considers the issues of improving the processes of adaptation and training of officials in the context of changes in customs administration in order to prevent personnel risks. The purpose of this study is to formulate practical recommendations for improving the processes of professional adaptation and training of customs officials. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of scientific studies, the results of which can be of practical importance for increasing the efficiency of personnel measures for adaptation and training of officials in the process of customs service. The following methods were used in the study: expert survey, methodology for diagnosing personnel risks, hierarchy analysis method, methodology for assessing the comfort index of the workspace and methods of mathematical modeling. The article presents an analysis of the results of expert surveys to determine the significance of practical recommendations for improving the methods of professional adaptation and training of customs officials. The experts were customs officials and retired customs officials. The most significant recommendations for improving the methods of professional adaptation and training of officials were determined based on the hierarchy analysis method (HAM). The authors analyzed the factors of the organizational environment of the customs authority that have a potential impact on the effectiveness of adaptation and training of officials: the index of comfort of the working space; the indicator of personnel risks in the area of professional adaptation and training of personnel; the general indicator of personnel risks.
IMPACT OF THE AGILE FLEXIBLE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY ON WORK MOTIVATION
Authors: Natochiy N. , Zaharov N.
Published: December 2024

Since the late 80s, digital products have become increasingly used to meet the growing needs of users and businesses due to the deeper integration of information solutions into service sectors and automation of work processes. To be able to maintain and form a competitive product in an increasingly competitive environment, it was necessary to create new labor paradigms and methods for developing software solutions. Agile software development methodology is a methodology that allows you to create, adapt and scale complex digital products through short iterative cycles. Agile was formed in 2001 by the Digital Product Development Methods Manifesto in the United States (Utah). The result of the research is the identification of conditions that positively influence the work motivation of an employee of an Agile company.
Antonio Fernández Alba y el dibujo de arquitectura.
Authors: Bernal López-Sanvicente Amparo
Published: December 2024

La dimensión artística e intelectual del arquitecto español Antonio Fernández Alba (Salamanca
1927-Madrid 2024), catedrático de la Escuela de Arquitectura de Madrid, miembro de la Real
Academia Española y de la Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando ha sido objeto de
numerosos reconocimientos durante su trayectoria profesional, que culminaron con la concesión
de la Medalla de Oro de la Arquitectura del Consejo Superior de los Colegios de Arquitectos de
España en 2002 y Premio Nacional de Arquitectura de España en 2003. En este artículo se
profundiza en la relación de Antonio Fernández Alba con el dibujo que fue su lenguaje para crear
y expresar la arquitectura. El análisis del ingente legado gráfico de apuntes, croquis y planos de
arquitectura, así como los numerosos escritos del arquitecto revelan la importancia que para él
tenía el acto de dibujar en el proceso ideación de la arquitectura. Además, Fernández Alba
reconocía la autonomía estética del dibujo como una forma de expresión de la arquitectura
superando su condición instrumental de documento técnico necesario para el desarrollo
constructivo del edificio
Robust Optimization with Moment-Dispersion Ambiguity
Authors: Chen Li , Fu Chenyi , Si Fan , Sim Melvyn , Xiong Peng
Published: December 2024

Advancing Robust Optimization with Moment-Dispersion Framework

In “Robust Optimization with Moment-Dispersion Ambiguity,” Chen, Fu, Si, Sim, and Xiong present a groundbreaking approach to robust optimization by introducing the moment-dispersion ambiguity set. This framework enhances traditional models by separately defining a random variable’s location, dispersion, and support, thereby increasing flexibility in modeling uncertainty. The authors also propose a dispersion characteristic function to capture complex properties, such as sub-Gaussian and asymmetric behaviors, alongside an independence propensity hyperparameter that supports the creation of joint ambiguity sets for multiple random variables. This innovation allows for characterizing varying levels of interdependence without requiring a correlation matrix, making the model highly applicable to real-world scenarios. Numerical experiments demonstrate that their model yields less conservative decisions compared with classic moment-based sets and offers superior robustness in data-limited scenarios when contrasted with Wasserstein ambiguity sets. This work marks a major step forward in practical risk assessment and optimization under uncertainty.
Does Negative Publicity Change Tourists’ Advocacy Intention on Online Hotel Websites? Searching for Answers from an Online Travel Agency Study
Authors: Hsiao Chih-Hui , Chen Kuan-Yang , Yeh Shih-Shuo , Hsieh Yi-Tsen , Huan Tzung-Cheng
Published: December 2024

Travel virtual communities have reshaped trip planning and experience-sharing amid COVID-19. Postpandemic, information technology in tourism must adjust to changes in traveler behavior, including online booking trends and risk perceptions. Based on the online platform Trivago, the research objectives of this study seek to explore the relationships among electronic service quality, perceived severity of negative publicity, perceived risk, and consumers’ advocacy intention to embrace after the impact of Trivago’s negative publicity. Further, this study aims to explore the moderating effects of electronic service quality and mediating effects of perceived risk. This research collected a total of 468 valid responses and verified the hypothesis by regression analysis and Sobel test. The research results are summarized as follows: the perceived severity of negative publicity negatively affects advocacy intention and positively affects perceived risk, which also negatively affects advocacy intention. These effects are all moderated by e-service quality, which negatively affects perceived risk; perceived risk is the mediator between perceived severity of negative publicity and advocacy intention. The results enrich literature on online hotel websites, offering valuable insights into how managers can effectively use online travel agencies to enhance their online presence and increase revenue.

Funding: This study was supported by a grant from the National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan [Grant 111-2410-H-227-009].
Influence of mobile phone calls on women's perception of antenatal care services in Kisii, Kenya
Authors: Malachi Zillah Moraa , Kivuti-Bitok Lucy Wanjuki , Karani Anna Kagure , Cheptum Joyce Jebet
Published: December 2024

Background/Aims

Women's perceptions of antenatal care may influence their use of this service. There are limited data exploring the use of mobile phone calls to educate women during antenatal care. This study aimed to explore the influence of a mobile phone health education intervention on women's perception of antenatal care services and their capacity to manage their health during pregnancy.

Methods

This cluster randomised control trial was conducted between 2020 and 2021 in 16 rural government health facilities in Kisii, Kenya. Health centres were randomly assigned to either intervention or standard care. The intervention consisted of monthly antenatal education through mobile phone calls during pregnancy. Data were collected using pre- and post-intervention questionnaires that explored participants' perception of antenatal care services (benefits, barriers and perceived interpersonal influences) and perceived self-efficacy (their capacity to take charge of optimising their health and that of their baby). Binary logistic regression was used to analyse the variables of interest.

Results

In terms of their perception of antenatal care, the intervention significantly improved the perception that it provided useful information on exercise (P=0.04). The intervention had a positive influence on perceived self-efficacy, as participants in the intervention group were four times more likely to follow an antenatal care plan (P<0.01), remember preventive medications (P<0.01), remember laboratory investigations (P<0.01), seek health information (P<0.01) and have adequate relaxation (P<0.01) than those in the control group.

Conclusions

Delivering health education to pregnant women via mobile phone calls has the potential to improve their perception of antenatal care services and their self-efficacy. Larger cluster randomised control trials are needed to explore this further.

Implications for practice

Providing antenatal education through mobile phone calls may improve pregnant women's perception of antenatal care services, improving uptake of these services in health facilities.
Graduating midwifery students' confidence and associated factors to practice: a systematic review of sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Gessesse Dereje Nibret , Dawson Kate , Gupta Meena , Bayes Sara
Published: December 2024

Background/Aims

With varying midwifery education standards across sub-Saharan Africa, and given the life-saving potential of midwifery, this review explores sub-Saharan African midwifery students' confidence to practice after graduation, as well as the facilitators and barriers that influence their confidence.

Methods

A systematic review of mixed-methods studies was conducted in June 2023 across four databases: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science. No date limitation was applied, and quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies published in English were included. Extracted data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

The search identified 127 articles, 10 of which met the inclusion criteria. Midwifery students in sub-Saharan African nations often lacked the confidence to practice midwifery care competencies once they graduated, and their confidence was impacted by support and supervision, resources, the type of midwifery programme they had attended, the use of simulation during education, their sociodemographic characteristics and the gap between theory and practice.

Conclusions

Articles were limited in number and quality, making it difficult to draw any definitive conclusions. The review highlighted the need for further research to be undertaken on confidence to practice among recently graduated midwifery students in sub-Saharan Africa.

Implications for practice

Lack of confidence among midwifery students in sub-Saharan African countries can overwhelm and deteriorate the critical skills of midwifery professionals, potentially leading to higher rates of morbidity and mortality for women and children. To increase midwifery students' confidence, it is crucial to identify areas of strength and areas of development to enhance education programs to better equip graduating midwifery students for practice.
Stress, coping mechanisms and support systems for mothers of babies with neonatal sepsis in Kenyatta National Hospital
Authors: Nabwire Adelight , Chepchirchir Angeline , Omondi Lilian
Published: December 2024

Background/Aims

Mothers may experience significant stress if their baby is admitted to the neonatal unit, especially if they are uncertain about what is happening, and may use various coping mechanisms to manage stress. Ineffective support systems can lead to emotional, social and financial strain for women in this situation. Maternal health is paramount not only for a woman's own sake but also because a healthy mother is better placed to care for a sick baby. This study sought to determine factors related to stress, and the coping mechanisms and support systems for mothers whose babies had neonatal sepsis.

Methods

This cross-sectional mixed-method study involved 78 purposively selected mothers of babies with neonatal sepsis. Data were collected between 15 June 2023 and 6 July 2023 in five hospital wards, using a researcher-administered semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data.

Results

Participants commonly experienced high (25%) or moderate (71%) stress, and used psychological or social methods to cope, in addition to engaging in calming activities such as reading or singing. Participants' main source of support was social, from family, friends and medical professionals.

Conclusions

Mothers of babies with neonatal sepsis are likely to experience high stress levels and require psychological, social and financial support from their family, church and the hospital.

Implications for practice

Healthcare workers should closely monitor the mothers of admitted neonates to identify those who may need psychological care. Mothers should be reassured and kept informed about the progress of their babies.
Pregnancy outcomes among users and non-users of maternity waiting homes in rural southern Tanzania: a comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Kasoga Masanja Erasto , Wangwe Peter Joseph
Published: December 2024

Background/Aims

Maternity waiting homes are facilities that house high-risk pregnant women before birth, intended to prevent delays accessing care during labour and birth. By ensuring access to timely and appropriate care, maternity waiting homes can reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity. This study aimed to compare pregnancy outcomes between those who had attended maternity waiting homes and those who had not at Nyangao hospital in southern Tanzania.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted involving women who gave birth at the hospital between 1 January 2017 and 31 September 2019. A total of 3105 files were retrieved and data were extracted using a structured checklist. Chi-squared tests were used to compare demographic characteristics and birth outcomes between the two groups, with P<0.05 deemed statistically significant.

Results

There were 232 women who had used maternity waiting homes and 462 who had not. Place of residence was significantly linked with increased use of maternity waiting homes, as those who lived ≥50km were more likely to use these facilities (P=0.001). Before birth, the mean length of hospital stay was 14.29 days (±11.32 days) for users and 4.02 days (±4.62 days) for non-users of maternity waiting homes. After birth, the mean length of stay was 2.88 days (±2.97 days) for users and 3.16 days (±3.88 days) for non-users. Using maternity waiting homes reduced the risk of low birth weight (P=0.001) and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (P=0.012).

Conclusions

Use of a maternity waiting home is associated with improved maternal and neonatal outcomes. Available maternity waiting homes should be used by women who live a long distance from healthcare facilities and those with high-risk pregnancies.

Implications for practice

Healthcare professionals providing antenatal services should encourage women who live a significant distance from healthcare facilities and those with high-risk pregnancies to use maternity waiting homes, which have the potential to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidities in the low-resource communities.
Beyond the Scalpel: Unravelling the Anaesthetic Maze in Elective C-Section for Placenta Accreta Spectrum
Authors: Shah Suraj , Mandour Yasser
Published: December 2024

Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders pose significant challenges in the anaesthetic management of elective caesarean section. This article explores the anaesthetic considerations for patients with PAS focusing on the optimal techniques to ensure maternal safety and surgical success. The analysis examines the advantages and disadvantages of general anaesthesia, neuraxial anaesthesia, and combined techniques to inform considerations of anaesthetic management in this high-risk population.
How The Donkey Sanctuary is supporting multi-species rabies vaccination campaigns
Authors: Sullivan Rebekah , O'Hagan Emma
Published: December 2024

Rebekah Sullivan and Emma O'Hagan discuss tackling rabies through global vaccination campaigns, safeguarding donkeys and communities in line with ‘One Health’ principles.
Molecular study of IDUA, IDS, GALNS, GLB1 genes in Azerbaijan Republic
Authors: Alizada S. A. , Musayev Sh. T. , Rasulov E. M.
Published: December 2024

For the first time in Azerbaijan Republic, we carried out medical genetic consultation of affected children suspicious of lysosomal storage diseases, and particularly with mucopolysaccharidoses. Patients were from the cities of Baku, Gyandzhe and other areas of the Republic. Consultations were done by doctors: pediatrician and geneticist. As to clinical manifestations, 19 index patients and 54 members in their families: Hurler syndrome (1 patient), Hunter syndrome (5 patients), Morquio syndrome (13 patients). NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) technique was used for molecular genetic diagnostics.
In index patient suspicious with Hurler syndrome (MPS I) mutation of alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA) (NP_000194,2: c.1882C>T, p.Arg628Ter) was identified in homozygous state. Among patients with clinical manifestations of Hunter syndrome (MPS II) three mutations iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) gene: 1106C>G (p.Asp358Leu), c.322T>G (p.Asp358Leu) and c.1215del (p.Leu*34406Phefs) were identified in hemizygous state. In patients with Morquio syndrome (MPS IVA) 9 mutations of N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase (GALBS) gene and one mutation beta-galactosidase (GLB1) c.176G-A (p.Arg59His) Morquio syndrome (MPS IVB) were identified. Nine mutations are as follows: c.1144C>G (p.Leu382Val), c.1265A>G (p.Gln422Arg), c.463G>T (p.Gly155Cys), c.1018 G>T (p.Gly340Cys). c.157G>A (p.Gly53Arg), c.553C>T (p.Pro185Ser), c.443A>G (p.His148Arg), c.1283A>G (p.Gln428Arg), c.439T>A (p.Trp147Arg). When examining affected children family members, 41 people with heterozygous carriage of GALNS gene were identified: MPS III, MPS II-12, MPS IVA-26, relatively. In one sibling of the index patient with Morquio syndrome (MPS IVA) c.463G>T (p.Gly155Cys) mutation was found in homozygous state. Obtained experimental results allow doctors to direct patients to proper treatment as well as prophylactic activities with families including fetus prenatal diagnostics in next pregnancies.
Fatores Preditivos de Intenção de Evasão Discente em Cursos Técnicos e Tecnólogos
Authors: Filenga Douglas , Silva Adriano Maniçoba , Moura Nalbert Seiji Kikuti
Published: December 2024

A evasão discente é um tema multifacetado e requer atenção a quais são seus fatores preditivos para sua mitigação. A revisão da literatura disponível sobre o tema permitiu condensar tais aspectos em acadêmicos, institucionais e pessoais em um modelo de variância, testado por meio de Equação Estrutural. Uma amostra não probabilística composta por 214 indivíduos foi utilizada para este fim. Os resultados indicaram que cerca de 38% da intenção de evasão pode ser explicada por três construtos. Aspectos acadêmicos: dificuldade das disciplinas (0,392; p<0,001), Aspectos pessoais: Preferência pela instituição (-0,211; p<0,05) e Situação financeira (0,274; p<0,01). As limitações e contribuições para novos estudos foram apontadas nas considerações finais.
Tech-Driven Learning in Business Management
Authors: Moreira Sérgio Adriany Santos
Published: December 2024

This study aims to observe and describe the teaching and learning processes of 103 Generation Z students as they independently create an educational app for the Business Management course. The students' construction process of the app was supervised by the professor in three stages, spanning three months. This study holds significant social importance when considering the teaching and learning processes of society in a post-COVID-19 digital era, where individuals are utilizing technological platforms to communicate, learn, and work. This study marks the first research endeavor focusing on the learning process through a Business Management app constructed by Generation Z students. Nevertheless, it is believed that the teaching staff needs to adapt the teaching methodologies used in the classroom to the knowledge and daily lives of Generation Z students, enabling them to utilize technological resources to interpret, analyze, and propose solutions for the current market.
Smart Scanning Microscopy With Adaptive Lenses and Prisms
Authors: Schmidt Katharina , Koukourakis Nektarios , Wallrabe Ulrike , Czarske Juergen
Published: December 2024

We present smart microscopic setups to scan biological 3D samples. The combination of machine learning algorithms and adaptive optical elements improves scanning and aberration correction for multiple microscopic techniques.

Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Comparative study of lidars for measuring atmospheric temperature and wind: erratum
Authors: She Chiao-Yao , Krueger David A. , Yan Zhao-Ai
Published: December 2024

Additional corrections to errors in our published paper [Appl. Opt. 62, 3806 (2023)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.484453 and erratum, Appl. Opt. 63, 5429 (2024)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.533306] are given.
Total internal reflection of polychromatic filaments in YAG
Authors: Bagley Nicholas , Wehbi Sahar , Chrétien Lucie , Mansuryan Tigran , Boulesteix Rémy , Lobato Yago Arosa , Ferraro Mario , Zitelli Mario , Mangini Fabio , Sun Yifan , Krupa Katarzyna , Poisson Arnaud , Corso Cassia , Wetzel Benjamin , Couderc Vincent , Wabnitz Stefan , Aceves Alejandro , Tonello Alessandro
Published: December 2024

We present experimental evidence (supported by numerical simulations) of the Goos-Hanchen effect and a nonlinear reflection process, after filament onset in Yttrium Aluminium Garnet. We then examine the dependence of these phenomena on input power.
Virtual Staining of Label-free Tissue
Authors: Ozcan Aydogan
Published: December 2024

We will cover deep learning-based virtual staining techniques that can generate different types of histological stains from label-free microscopic images of unstained samples by using, e.g., autofluorescence microscopy, quantitative phase imaging and reflectance confocal microscopy.

Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Ultrastable Optical Signal Transfer Over Deployed Multi-Core Fiber
Authors: Hoghooghi Nazanin
Published: December 2024

Abstract not available.

Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Wavefront Reconstruction from Propagation Through Turbulence
Authors: Watnik Abbie
Published: December 2024

This presentation will discuss novel methods in wavefront reconstruction including plenoptic wavefront sensing, digital holography and machine-learning-based techniques for beam correction and correct through atmospheric turbulence.

Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Nanoscale Petahertz Electronics
Authors: Keathley P. Donald
Published: December 2024

This talk overviews developments in nanoscale petahertz electronics, including our work in the area using metallic nanoantennas. It will focus on how we are leveraging insights and tools from the electronics community in device development.

Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Neural Wavefront Shaping
Authors: Metzler Chris
Published: December 2024

This talk introduces neural wavefront shaping (NeuWS), a guidestar-free approach for imaging through optical aberrations. NeuWS integrates maximum likelihood estimation, measurement modulation, and neural signal representations to reconstruct diffraction-limited images through static/dynamic scattering media.

Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Full-color 3D Holographic Augmented-Reality Displays with Metasurface Waveguides
Authors: Gopakumar Manu , Lee Gun-Yeal , Choi Suyeon , Chao Brian , Peng Yifan , Kim Jonghyun , Wetzstein Gordon
Published: December 2024

We introduce a holographic augmented reality system using inverse-designed metasurface gratings and artificial-intelligence-driven holography algorithms. These elements are jointly designed to enable high quality, full-color, 3D augmented reality from a compact device form factor.

Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Nonlinear Integrated AlGaAs Chips for Quantum Information
Authors: Ducci Sara , Meskine Othmane , Lazzari Lorenzo , DeSimeone Italo Pio , Ravaro Marco , Amanti Maria Ines , Baboux Florent
Published: December 2024

The talk will review our recent developments on monolithic and hybrid AlGaAs integrated devices, demonstrate their versatility for generating and manipulating quantum states, and show their potential for flexible entanglement-distribution networks.

Full-text article not available; see video presentation