bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Full-component extract of Crithmum maritimum and its effect on epidermal regeneration
Authors: Huang Hongbin , Qian Jin , Zeng Lanlan , Zhang Jin , Peng Xiaobo , Tang Xilong , Tang Yanzhang , Fu Meimei , Liu Qi , Song Fengrui , Guo Jinshan , Lu Zhihui
Published: January 2025

By blending hexanediol with caprylic/capric triglyceride, we created a full-component extract of Crithmum maritimum, which could promote epidermal regeneration.
Dynamics and kinetics exploration of the oxygen reduction reaction at the Fe–N4/C–water interface accelerated by a machine learning force field
Authors: Yu Qinghan , Li Pai , Ni Xing , Li Youyong , Wang Lu
Published: January 2025

A machine learning force field workflow efficiently accelerates ab initio molecular simulations and reveals the significance of solvent configurations in electrocatalytic simulations.
Ligand-induced changes in the electrocatalytic activity of atomically precise Au25 nanoclusters
Authors: Luo Lipan , Zhou Xia , Chen Yuping , Sun Fang , Wang Likai , Tang Qing
Published: January 2025

Using ligand-protected Au25 nanoclusters as a prototype model, we demonstrated that hydrophilic ligands enhance the hydrogen evolution reaction while hydrophobic ligands improve the efficiency of CO2 electroreduction to CO.
Colloidally uniform single-crystal precursors enable uniform FAPbI3 films for efficient perovskite submodules
Authors: Liang Yugang , Fan Yingping , Qin Zhixiao , Lu Lei , Wang Haifei , Ren Meng , Liu Fang , Miao Yanfeng , Chen Yuetian , Zhao Yixin
Published: January 2025

The FAPbI3 single-crystal precursors exhibit more uniform colloids than the high-purity PbI2 + FAI precursor, which enhances the homogeneity of the FAPbI3 film, contributing to a notable 20.7% efficiency for a 663 cm2-aperture-area submodule.
Surface immobilization of single atoms on heteroatom-doped carbon nanospheres through phenolic-mediated interfacial anchoring for highly efficient biocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Yajing , He Yunxiang , Jiao Yun , Yang Guobin , Pu Yiran , Wan Zhangmin , Li Shuyun , Wu Yanchao , Liao Wen , Guo Junling
Published: January 2025

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) via phenolic-mediated interfacial anchoring (PIA) with single Fe atoms dispersed on the surface of N/P-doped carbon supports, exhibiting exceptional biocatalytic properties.
Biomimetic thiyl radical formation from diphenyl disulfide with the low valent Ni(i) state of a cofactor F430 model
Authors: Amini Samira , Oppelt Kerstin , Blacque Olivier , Agrachev Mikhail , Jeschke Gunnar , Zelder Felix
Published: January 2025

The low valent Ni(i) state of a new cofactor F430 model cleaves a biomimetic disulfide to a thiol and a transient thiyl radical as proposed for anaerobic oxidation of methane with F430-dependent methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR).
Electrode engineering considerations for high energy efficiency Li–CO2 batteries
Authors: Wang Jingzhao , Chen Xin , Cui Xiangming , Zhou Mi , Wang Jianan , Liu Wenbiao , Ma Hang , Anguita José V. , Silva S. Ravi P. , Yang Kai , Yan Wei
Published: January 2025

3D gas electrodes with ultrafine Pt nanoparticles were fabricated using Joule heating technique. The flexible Pt@GCA electrodes serve as self-supporting cathodes for lithium–carbon dioxide batteries, enabling highly reversible CO2 conversion.
Topological defects induced by air inclusions in ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals with ionic doping
Authors: Ma Zhongjie , Yi Shengzhu , Jiang Miao , Huang Mingjun , Aya Satoshi , Zhang Rui , Wei Qi-Huo
Published: January 2025

We report an experimental study on how topological defects induced by cylindrical air inclusions in the ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal RM734 are influenced by ionic doping, including an ionic surfactant and an ionic polymer.
Electrically conducting porous hydrogels by a self-assembled percolating pristine graphene network
Authors: Mohammadi Sejoubsari Reihaneh , Xu Thomas O. , Ward Shawn P. , Bandara Nishadi M. , Zhang Zhihao , Adamson Douglas H.
Published: January 2025

An electrically conductive porous hydrogel containing a self-assembled pristine graphene network. Confocal microscope image of hydrated material (left) and SEM image of dry sample (right).
Heteronuclear inorganic molecule enables the direct synthesis of PtCo intermetallic compounds for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Liu Bei , Chen Yubin , Zhu Yanping , Zhao Hao , Gui ShunJie , Yue Zhouying , Cheng Qingqing , Yang Hui
Published: January 2025

Small-sized and highly active Pt1Co1-IMC/C catalysts were successfully synthesized via direct pyrolysis of a Pt1Co1 heteronuclear inorganic molecule on the carbon surface.
Enhanced photocatalytic performance for CO2 reduction via an S-scheme heterojunction between perovskite nanocrystals and BiVO4
Authors: Tsai I.-Hua , Kuo Yi-Ru , Hiramatsu Hirotsugu , Diau Eric Wei-Guang
Published: January 2025

Schematic demonstration of the formation of an S-scheme heterojunction between Cs0.5FA0.5PbBr3 (CF) and BiVO4 showing the photocatalytic mechanism for efficient CO2 reduction reaction.
Novel semiconductor materials for advanced wide temperature range supercapacitors
Authors: Xu Lin , Sun Defu , Lv Songyang , Tian Ge , Wang Guodong , Wang Benfa , Zhang Lei , Wang Shouzhi
Published: January 2025

This article presents an overview of the utilization of semiconductor materials and electrolytes in supercapacitors, emphasizing their performance across a wide temperature range.
Nickel cobalt phosphate/phosphide as a promising electrode material for extrinsic supercapacitors: machine learning analysis
Authors: Chavare C. D. , Sawant D. S. , Gaikwad S. V. , Fulari A. V. , Kulkarni H. R. , Dubal D. P. , Lohar G. M.
Published: January 2025

This review outlines the recent advancements in nickel cobalt phosphate- and phosphide-based supercapacitors by providing their structure–property–performance relationships and employing advanced machine learning as a predictive tool.
Revealing the one-dimensional (1-D) Heisenberg antiferromagnetic state in pyrochlore α-Cu2V2O7 from critical exponent analysis
Authors: ESR Ajith Nix , Biswal Pujalin , Prellier W. , Samal D. , Behera Bhaskar Chandra
Published: January 2025

The critical exponents of α-Cu2V2O7 obtained from the MAP closely matches the theoretical values of (d : n) = (1 : 3) estimated using renormalization group theory, revealing that α-Cu2V2O7 can be considered a 1-D Heisenberg antiferromagnetic system.
HFIP-mediated cascade aminomethylation and intramolecular cyclization of allenamides with N,O-acetals to access tetrahydro-β-carboline derivatives
Authors: Chaudhary Dhananjay , Maurya Chandra Shekhar , Unnikrishnan Urmila , Kuram Malleswara Rao
Published: January 2025

A cascade of two C–C bond forming reactions promoted alone by HFIP is described delivering tetrahydro-β-carboline derivatives embedded with an allylic amine functionality.
QoE‐based dynamic resource allocation for heterogeneous smart distribution grids
Authors: Li You , Huo Yan , Zhou Zhongguo , Gao Qinghe , Jing Tao , Yan Tao , Xiao Sisi
Published: January 2025

In the realm of conventional smart distribution grid resource allocation, the prevalent issue resides in its narrow focus on base station capacity, striving to optimize resource allocation for base station communication while disregarding the genuine requirements on the user side. This inadvertently leads to excessive squandering of wireless resources, despite already fulfilling the fundamental service demands of terminal operations. This article, while taking into account the capacity of base stations, introduces an innovative approach by amalgamating the terminal operations concerning data rate, latency, and packet loss rate. Through the construction of a Quality of Experience (QoE) evaluation framework, a scenario is realized within which user experience requirements are ensured by terminals in various practical settings of smart distribution grids, without wireless resources being needlessly dissipated. In this article, the dynamic resource allocation is tackled using Deep Q‐Networks (DQN), while the reward function is formulated based on QoE. The simulation results, which track the accumulation of reward values throughout the entire operational process, provide substantial validation for the effectiveness and practicality of the ultimately formulated dynamic resource allocation scheme.
A two‐stage approach for single thermal image restoration
Authors: Liu Guanyu , Xu Jinxiang , Cheng Yihui , Su Yi , Yang Biwen
Published: January 2025

Thermal images are prone to significant degradation due to noise, low contrast, and loss of fine details, which poses challenges in many practical applications. Traditional image restoration techniques, particularly those developed for the RGB domain, struggle to effectively balance noise reduction, contrast improvement, and detail preservation when applied to thermal images. In this work, a novel two‐stage deep learning framework designed to address these issues in thermal image restoration is proposed. The approach separates the task into a denoising stage and a contrast enhancement stage, with a particular emphasis on preserving fine details throughout the process. By employing a detail extraction mechanism, the method ensures that crucial image details are maintained, even as noise is reduced and contrast is enhanced. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the method not only outperforms state‐of‐the‐art techniques in terms of PSNR and SSIM, but also excels in preserving fine details.
ALMA detections of circumstellar disks in the giant H II region M17
Authors: Poorta J. , Hogerheijde M. , de Koter A. , Kaper L. , Backs F. , Ramírez Tannus M. C. , McClure M. K. , Hygate A. P. S. , Rab C. , Klaassen P. D. , Derkink A.
Published: January 2025

Context. Our current understanding is that intermediate- to high-mass stars form in a way similar to low-mass stars, through disk accretion. The expected shorter formation timescales, higher accretion rates, and increasingly strong radiation fields compared to their lower-mass counterparts may lead to significantly different physical conditions that play a role in disk formation, evolution, and the possibility of (sub)stellar companion formation therein.

Aims. We searched for the mm counterparts of four intermediate- to high-mass (4–10 M⊙) young stellar objects (YSOs) in the giant H II region M17 at a distance of 1.7 kpc. These objects expose their photospheric spectrum such that their location on the pre-main-sequence (PMS) is well established. They have a circumstellar disk that is likely remnant of the formation process.

Methods. With ALMA we detected, for the first time, these four YSOs in M17, in Band 6 and 7, as well as four other serendipitous objects. In addition to the flux measurements, the source size and spectral index provide important constraints on the physical mechanism(s) producing the observed emission. We applied different models to estimate the dust and gas mass contained in the disks.

Results. All our detections are spatially unresolved, constraining the source size to <120 au, and have a spectral index in the range 0.5–2.7. The derived (upper limits on) the disk dust masses are on the order of a few M⊕, and estimations of the upper limits on the gas mass vary between 10−5 and 10−3 M⊙. Our modeling suggests that the inner disks of the target YSOs are dust depleted. In two objects (B331 and B268) free-free emission indicates the presence of ionized material around the star. The four serendipitous detections are likely low-mass YSOs. We compared the derived disk masses of our M17 targets to those obtained for YSOs in low-mass star-forming regions (SFRs) and Herbig stars, as a function of stellar mass, age, luminosity, and outer disk radius. The M17 sample, though small, is both the most massive and the youngest sample, yet has the lowest mean disk mass.

Conclusions. The studied intermediate- to high-mass PMS stars are surrounded by low-mass compact disks that likely no longer offer a significant contribution to either the final stellar mass or the formation of a planetary system. Along with the four serendipitous discoveries, our findings show the capability of ALMA to probe disks in relatively distant high-mass SFRs, and offer tentative evidence of the influence of the massive star formation environment on disk formation, lifetime, and evolution.
Monte Carlo post-processing for radiation hydro simulations of accreting planets in protoplanetary disks
Authors: Krieger Anton , Klahr Hubert , Melon Fuksman Julio David , Wolf Sebastian
Published: January 2025

This paper is part of a series investigating the observational appearance of planets accreting from their nascent protoplanetary disk (PPD). We evaluate the differences between gas temperature distributions determined in our radiation hydrodynamical (RHD) simulations and those recalculated via post-processing with a Monte Carlo (MC) radiative transport (RT) scheme. Our MCRT simulations were performed for global PPD models, each composed of a local 3D high-resolution RHD model embedded in an axisymmetric global disk simulation. We report the level of agreement between the two approaches and point out several caveats that prevent a perfect match between the temperature distributions with our respective methods of choice. Overall, the level of agreement is high, with a typical discrepancy between the RHD and MCRT temperatures of the high-resolution region of only about 10 percent. The largest differences were found close to the disk photosphere, at the transition layer between optically dense and thin regions, as well as in the far-out regions of the PPD, occasionally exceeding values of 40 percent. We identify several reasons for these discrepancies, which are mostly related to general features of typical radiative transfer solvers used in hydrodynamical simulations (angle- and frequency-averaging and ignored scattering) and MCRT methods (ignored internal energy advection and compression and expansion work). This provides a clear pathway to reduce systematic temperature inaccuracies in future works. Based on MCRT simulations, we finally determined the expected error in flux estimates, both for the entire PPD and for planets accreting gas from their ambient disk, independently of the amount of gas piling up in the Hill sphere and the used model resolution.
Non-linear internal waves breaking in stellar-radiation zones
Authors: Mathis S.
Published: January 2025

Context. Internal gravity waves (IGWs) are one of the mechanisms that can play a key role in efficiently redistributing angular momentum in stars along their evolution. The study of IGWs is thus of major importance since space-based asteroseismology reveals a transport of angular momentum in stars, which is stronger by two orders of magnitude than the one predicted by stellar models ignoring their action or those of magnetic fields.

Aims. IGWs trigger angular momentum transport when they are damped by heat or viscous diffusion, when they meet a critical layer where their phase velocity in the azimuthal direction equals the zonal wind or when they break. Theoretical prescriptions have been derived for the transport of angular momentum induced by IGWs because of their radiative and viscous dampings and of the critical layers they encounter along their propagation. However, none have been proposed for the transport of angular momentum triggered by their non-linear breaking. In this work, we aim to derive such a physical and robust prescription, which can be implemented in stellar structure and evolution codes.

Methods. We adapted an analytical saturation model – which has been developed for IGWs’ nonlinear convective breaking in the Earth’s atmosphere and has been successfully compared to in situ measurements in the stratosphere – to the case of deep spherical stellar interiors. This allowed us to derive the saturated amplitude of the velocity of IGWs breaking in stellar radiation zones through convective overturning of the stable stratification or the instability of the vertical shear of IGWs motion and of the angular momentum transport they trigger. In a first step, we neglected the modification of IGWs by the Coriolis acceleration and the Lorentz force, which are discussed and taken into account in a second step.

Results. We derive a complete semi-analytical prescription for the transport of angular momentum by IGWs that takes into account both their radiative damping and their potential nonlinear breaking because of their convective and vertical shear instabilities. We show that the deposit of angular momentum by breaking waves increases with their latitudinal degree, the ratio of the Brunt-Vaïsälä frequency and the wave frequency; and when the density decreases or the Doppler-shifted frequency vanishes. This allows us to bring the physical prescription for the interactions between IGWs and the differential rotation to the same level of realism as the one used in global circulation models for the atmosphere.
Planetary nebulae of the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Ventura P. , Tosi S. , García-Hernández D. A. , Dell’Agli F. , Kamath D. , Stanghellini L. , Bianchi S. , Tailo M. , Gómez-Muñoz M. A.
Published: January 2025

Context. The study of planetary nebulae (PNe) offers the opportunity to evaluate the efficiency of the dust production mechanism during the very late asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phases, which allows us to assess the role played by AGB stars as dust manufacturers.

Aims. We studied the relationship between the properties of PNe, particularly the gas and dust content, and the mass and metallicity of the progenitor stars to understand how dust production works in the late AGB phases and to shed new light on the physical processes the stars and the material in their surroundings are subject to in the period between the departure from the AGB and the start of the PN phase.

Methods. We considered a sample of nine PNe in the Large Magellanic Cloud, seven of which are characterised by the presence of carbonaceous dust and the remaining two the presence of silicates. For these stars, we estimated the masses and the metallicity of their progenitor stars. We combined results from stellar evolution and dust formation modelling with results from analyses of the spectral energy distribution to determine the relation between the dust and gas mass of the PNe considered and the mass and metallicity of the progenitors.

Results. The physical properties of carbon-rich PNe are influenced by the mass of the progenitor star. Specifically, the dust-to-gas ratio in the nebula increases from 5 × 10−4 to 6 × 10−3 as the progenitor star’s mass increases from approximately 0.9–2 M⊙. This change is partly influenced by the effective temperature of the PNe, and it occurs because higher-mass carbon stars are more efficient at producing dust. Consequently, as the progenitor’s mass increases, the gas mass of the PN decreases since the larger amounts of dust lead to greater effects from radiation pressure, which pushes the gas outwards. No meaningful conclusions can be drawn from the study of the PNe with silicate-type dust, because the subsample comprises two PNe only, one of which is almost dust-free.
An Hα view of galaxy buildup in the first 2 Gyr: Luminosity functions at z  ∼  4−6.5 from NIRCam/grism spectroscopy
Authors: Covelo-Paz Alba , Giovinazzo Emma , Oesch Pascal A. , Meyer Romain A. , Weibel Andrea , Brammer Gabriel , Fudamoto Yoshinobu , Kerutt Josephine , Lin Jamie , Matharu Jasleen , Naidu Rohan P. , Velichko Anna , Bollo Victoria , Bouwens Rychard , Chisholm John , Illingworth Garth D. , Kramarenko Ivan , Magee Daniel , Maseda Michael , Matthee Jorryt , Nelson Erica , Reddy Naveen , Schaerer Daniel , Stefanon Mauro , Xiao Mengyuan
Published: January 2025

The Hα nebular emission line is an optimal tracer for recent star formation in galaxies. With the advent of JWST, this line has recently become observable at z > 3 for the first time. We present a catalog of 1050 Hα emitters at 3.7 < z < 6.7 in the GOODS fields obtained from a blind search in JWST NIRCam/grism data. We made use of the FRESCO survey’s 124 arcmin2 of observations in GOODS-North and GOODS-South with the F444W filter, probing Hα at 4.9 < z < 6.7, and the CONGRESS survey’s 62 arcmin2 of observations in GOODS-North with F356W, probing Hα at 3.8 < z < 5.1. We found an overdensity with 98 sources at z ∼ 4.4 in GOODS-N, and confirmed previously reported overdensities at z ∼ 5.2 in GOODS-N and at z ∼ 5.4 and z ∼ 5.9 in GOODS-S. We computed the observed Hα luminosity functions (LFs) in three bins centered at z ∼ 4.45, 5.30, and 6.15, which are the first such measurements at z > 3 obtained based purely on spectroscopic data, robustly tracing galaxy star formation rates (SFRs) beyond the peak of the cosmic star formation history. We compared our results with theoretical predictions from three different simulations and found good agreement at z ∼ 4 − 6. The UV LFs of this spectroscopically confirmed sample are in good agreement with pre-JWST measurements obtained with photometrically selected objects. Finally, we derived SFR functions and integrated them to compute the evolution of the cosmic SFR densities across z ∼ 4 − 6, finding values in good agreement with recent UV estimates from Lyman-break galaxies, which imply a continuous decrease in SFR density by a factor of three over z ∼ 4 to z ∼ 6. Our work shows the power of NIRCam grism observations to efficiently provide new tests for early galaxy formation models based on emission line statistics.
ALMA observations of CO isotopologues towards six obscured post-asymptotic giant branch stars
Authors: Khouri T. , Tafoya D. , Vlemmings W. H. T. , Olofsson H. , Sánchez Contreras C. , Alcolea J. , Gómez J. F. , Velilla-Prieto L. , Sahai R. , Santander-García M. , Bujarrabal V. , Karakas A. , Saberi M. , Gallardo Cava I. , Imai H. , Pérez-Sánchez A. F.
Published: January 2025

Context. Low- and intermediate-mass stars evolve through the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) when an efficient mass-loss process removes a significant fraction of their initial mass. For most sources, this mass-loss process relies on the interplay between convection, stellar pulsations, and dust formation. However, predicting the mass-loss history of a given star from first principles is complex and not yet feasible at present. At the end of the AGB, at least some stars experience a substantial increase in their mass-loss rate for unknown reasons, leading to the creation of post-AGB objects that are completely enshrouded in thick dusty envelopes. Recent studies have suggested that some of these sources may be the product of interactions between an evolved star with a close companion.

Aims. We observed six obscured post-AGB stars (four C-rich and two O-rich sources) to constrain the properties of their circumstellar envelopes, recent mass-loss histories, and initial masses of the central stars.

Methods. We used observations of the J = 2 − 1 line of 13CO, C17O, and C18O with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to determine the circumstellar gas masses and the 17O/18O isotopic ratios, the latter of which can be used to infer initial stellar masses. These results were interpreted in the context of comparisons with stellar evolution models in the literature and existing observations of other post-AGB stars.

Results. Based on the inferred 17O/18O isotopic ratios, we find all stars to have relatively low initial masses (< 2 M⊙), contrary to literature indications of higher masses for some sources. One of the C-rich sources, HD 187885, has a low 17O/18O ratio; coupled with a low metallicity, this would imply a relatively low mass (∼1.15 M⊙) for a carbon star. For all but one source (GLMP 950), we observe kinematic components with velocities of ≳30 km s−1, which are higher than typical AGB wind expansion velocities. For most sources, these higher velocity outflows display point-symmetric morphologies. The case of Hen 3-1475 is especially spectacular, with the high-velocity molecular outflow appearing to be interleaved with the high-velocity outflow of ionised gas observed at optical wavelengths. Based on the size of the emission regions of the slow components of the outflows, we derived typical kinematic ages associated with the C18O J = 2 − 1 emission of ≲1500 years and obtained relatively high associated mass-loss rates (≳10−4 M⊙ yr−1). The sources with known spectral types are found to have evolved faster than expected, compared to stellar evolutionary models.
Searching for Galactic red supergiants with Gaia RVS spectra
Authors: Zhang Zehao , Jiang Biwei , Ren Yi , Zhao He , Yang Ming
Published: January 2025

Red supergiants (RSGs) are essential to understanding the evolution and the contribution to the interstellar medium of massive stars. However, the number of identified RSGs within the Milky Way is still limited, mainly due to the difficulty of measuring stellar extinction and distance. The release of approximately one million RVS spectra in Gaia DR3 presents a new opportunity for identifying Galactic RSGs because the equivalent width of the calcium triplet lines (EW(CaT)) in the spectra is an excellent indicator of stellar surface gravity. We used RVS spectra with a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) greater than 100 to search for Galactic RSGs. We removed dwarf stars and red giants and selected RSG candidates based on their location in the EW(CaT) versus BP − RP diagram. Early-type RSG candidates (K0-M2) were then identified using the criteria BP − RP > 1.584 and EW(CaT) > 1.1 nm. The criteria of the average equivalent widths of TiO in the XP spectra (EW(TiO)) > 10 nm, the color index K − W3 < 0.5, and the period-amplitude sequence from the Gaia DR3 LPV catalog were further applied to remove late-type red giants (after M2) and asymptotic giant branch stars. This method yielded 30 early-type (K0-M2) and 6196 late-type (after M2) RSG candidates, which is a significant increase compared to the previous Galactic RSG sample. The application of this approach to spectra with S/N > 50 resulted in 48 early-type and 11 491 late-type RSG candidates. This preliminary analysis paves the way for more extensive research with Gaia DR4, when larger spectral datasets are expected to significantly enhance our understanding of Galactic RSG populations.
A new error analysis for parabolic Dirichlet boundary control problems
Authors: Liang Dongdong , Gong Wei , Xie Xiaoping
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates the finite element approximation of a parabolic Dirichlet boundary control problem, presenting a new a priori error estimate. We establish two main convergence results for both semi-discrete and fully discrete optimal control problems, under suitable assumptions. Specifically, we demonstrate convergence orders of $O(k^{\frac{1}{4}})$ and $O(k^{\frac{3}{4}-\varepsilon})$ $(\forall\varepsilon>0)$ for the temporal semi-discretization of control problems on polytopes and smooth domains, respectively. For control problems defined on polyhedra, we achieve a convergence rate of $O(k^{\frac{1}{4}} +h^{\frac{1}{2}})$ in the fully discrete setting. The contributions of this work are twofold. First, we provide an improved temporal convergence rate for parabolic Dirichlet boundary control problems on smooth domains, setting a foundation for further fully discrete error analysis. Second, we refine the existing fully discrete error estimate for boundary control problems on polyhedra by removing the artificial mesh size restriction $k=O(h^2)$. As an intermediate but essential result, we establish both the convergence order and stability of the finite element approximation for parabolic inhomogeneous boundary value problems. Importantly, these results hold under low regularity boundary conditions without imposing mesh size constraints.
Secure Platooning Control of Connected Vehicles Against Data Injection Attacks
Authors: Wang Zhuping , Liu Juan , Gao Sheng , Zhang Hao , Rigoll Gerhard , Tang Shuyi
Published: January 2025

This paper presents an attack-defense formation control framework for connected vehicle platoons. This framework effectively addresses the challenges posed by malicious attacks on multi-intelligent vehicle systems in open network environments. First, from the attacker’s perspective, an optimal data injection attack strategy is designed, taking into account energy constraints and the complexities of the communication environment. This strategy aims to disrupt the multi-intelligent vehicle system with minimal energy expenditure. Next, from the defender’s perspective, a formation compensation control strategy is proposed to enhance the system’s resilience against such attacks. This defense control strategy includes real-time monitoring and adjustments of the communication data between vehicles, ensuring that the vehicle formation remains stable and coordinated even in the case of data injection attacks. Finally, simulation experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed methods.
Kann die klassische Homöopathie die Beschwerden infolge der
Covid-Impfungen lindern? Ergebnisse aus 40 Fallstudien
Authors: Mayer Andrea Corinna , Jus Martine , Grabenhofer Christoph , Keller Gabriela , Kressibucher Stephan , Hornbacher Petra , Hoffmann Ursula Regine
Published: January 2025

Covid-Impfstoffe können zu einer Vielzahl von Nebenwirkungen führen. Es besteht
dringender Bedarf an einer wirksamen Behandlung für Patienten, die aufgrund
einer Covid-Impfung Symptome entwickelt haben. Folgende Hypothese wurde in
dieser Arbeit überprüft: Die Intensität der durch die Covid-Impfung
hervorgerufenen Symptome kann mithilfe der klassischen Homöopathie erheblich
reduziert werden. Hierfür wurden 40 Fälle von Nebenwirkungen der Covid-Impfung
gesammelt, die in homöopathischen Praxen behandelt wurden, die mit der SHI
Homöopathische Praxis in Zug zusammenarbeiten. Die Fälle wurden als Fallstudien
beschrieben und in Bezug auf ihren Verlauf und die Indizien für einen positiven
Heilungsverlauf hin analysiert. Die 40 Patienten litten unter einer Vielzahl von
Covid-Impfnebenwirkungen wie Müdigkeitssyndrom, Myokarditis, Lungenentzündung,
Schwindel, Tinnitus, Parästhesien, Niereninsuffizienz und Amenorrhö. Im
Durchschnitt litten die Patienten 7 Monate lang unter diesen Symptomen, und die
Heilungsdauer betrug 3 Monate. In 85% der Fälle wurden die durch die
Covid-Impfung hervorgerufenen Symptome vollständig geheilt. In 47,5% der Fälle
wurde eine der folgenden Nosoden verschrieben: Carcinosinum, Medorrhinum,
Psorinum oder eine der Covid-Impfnosoden. Die Covid-Impfnosoden können in Fällen
hilfreich sein, in denen kein anderes Arzneimittelbild klar erkennbar ist. Die
Behandlung nach individuellen Symptomen und Charakteristika ist auch bei Fällen
von Covid-Impffolgen empfehlenswert. Auch homöopathische Mittel, die nicht in
der Rubrik „Allgemeines – Impfung; Beschwerden nach“ enthalten sind, sollten
berücksichtigt werden, da jedes auf die Symptome und Charakteristika des
jeweiligen Patienten passende homöopathische Mittel die Folgen einer Impfung
beseitigen kann. Heilreaktionen aller Art sollten willkommen geheißen und nicht
unterdrückt werden. Sowohl das Energieniveau als auch die mentalen Symptome sind
wichtige Indikatoren für eine positive Reaktion auf das jeweilige homöopathische
Mittel. Diese Analyse von 40 Fallstudien zeigt, dass die Homöopathie in der Lage
ist, die Intensität der durch die Covid-Impfung hervorgerufenen Symptome
erheblich zu reduzieren und in vielen Fällen ganz zu heilen. Daher kann die
Homöopathie als wirksame Therapiemethode bei Covid-Impffolgen empfohlen
werden.
Combating Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: Exploring the Cellular Effects of Lonicera caerulea var. kamtschatica Extract
Authors: Zima Katarzyna , Kowalczyk Paulina , Banaszkiewicz Laura , Woźniak Mateusz Kacper , Khaidakov Barbara , Lemke Krzysztof
Published: January 2025

Lonicera caerulea var. kamtschatica, known as blue honeysuckle or haskap berry, is rich in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, which are linked to various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The research specifically investigates the effects of an L. caerulea var. kamtschatica extract that has been standardized to contain a minimum of 15% anthocyanins on inflammation and oxidative stress at the cellular level.

In vitro studies using A549 human lung epithelial cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells demonstrated the extractʼs anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. L. caerulea var. kamtschatica extract significantly inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and reduced the production of IL-8 in A549 cells. It also downregulated the expression of proinflammatory genes (RELA and PTGS2) while upregulating antioxidant genes (CAT, HMOX1, and SOD2). In peripheral blood mononuclear cells, L. caerulea var. kamtschatica extract decreased the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 following lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Additionally, the extract inhibited reactive oxygen species formation and nitric oxide production, demonstrating its potential to modulate oxidative stress. Furthermore, in vitro assays indicated that
L. caerulea var. kamtschatica extract could hinder the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to the hACE2 receptor, suggesting antiviral potential.

These findings suggest that L. caerulea var. kamtschatica extract exerts significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, indicating its potential as a functional food ingredient or dietary supplement to combat inflammation and oxidative stress.
Effect of nonlinear polarization of light on magnetization reversal in an antiferromagnetic Ca–Mn–Ge garnet crystal
Authors: Kharchenko N. F. , Bedarev V. A.
Published: January 2025

The effect of linearly polarized light on the reversal of magnetization of the sublattices of the antiferromagnetic garnet Ca3Mn2Ge3O12 is studied in an inclined magnetic field. Magnetization was reversed by using the quadratic magnetization effect which is permitted by symmetry considerations in Ca–Mn–Ge garnet. The observed effect of light is attributed to optical transitions involving charge transfer from an Mn3+ magnetic ion to the acceptors. Polarized light makes such transitions predominant in some magnetic sublattices of the garnet, thus increasing the number of magnetic defects in them. The nonequivalence of defects in the sublattices leads to the energy nonequivalence of the time-reversed antiferromagnetic states in an irradiated crystal placed in a magnetic field, and changes the condition of antiferromagnetic magnetization reversal, i.e., stimulates or suppresses the effect.
Inelastic scattering of polarized neutrons and spin correlations in band magnets
Authors: Povzner A. A.
Published: January 2025

Peculiarities of inelastic scattering of neutrons with spin flip, which are analyzed in this paper, were formerly regarded as a direct confirmation of the short-range model in the local band theory for strong ferromagnets (like iron and nickel), although they were also observed in a weak band magnet MnSi. The theory of temperature-induced local magnetic moments, which successfully explains the anomalies in magnetic and thermal properties of band magnets near the Curie point, is employed to investigate the possibility of dynamic short-range magnetic order (at least in weak band magnets) which is manifested in time-varying (“blinking”) magnetic clusters.
Zero-point vacancions as a possible reason behind melting of quantum crystals
Authors: Volykhin K. F. , Khrapak A. G.
Published: January 2025

It is shown that the melting of helium at T = 0 is associated with the emergence of a nonideal gas of zero-point vacancions whose Bose condensation leads to superfluidity in the case of liquid 4He.
Symmetry of spin–spin interactions in the rhombohedral β phase of solid oxygen
Authors: Vitebskii I. M. , Sobolev V. L. , Chabanov A. A. , Loktev V. M.
Published: January 2025

Possible magnetic-order types in the β-phase of solid oxygen are considered within the framework of a symmetry approach. It is shown that most likely realization in this crystal is an orientationally disordered magnetic structure with alternating “polarizations” in neighboring antiferromagnetic X–Y planes. It is established that the previously suggested “unipolar” model of the antiferromagnetic structure of β-oxygen is unstable against exchange-striction crystal lattice distortions and conflicts with x-ray data.
Weak localization effects and electron interactions in Bi films in a strong electric field
Authors: Kashirin V. Yu. , Komnik Yu. F.
Published: January 2025

The behavior of quantum corrections to magnetoconductivity (MC) as a function of high-density currents (up to ∼ 104 A · cm−2) is investigated in thin (∼ 100 Å) Bi films. It is shown that a possible reason behind the variation of the MC curves is a close approach of the characteristic times τφ and τso due to the heating effect associated with the current (τφ is the time of inelastic scattering of electrons and τso is the time of the spin–orbit impurity scattering). It is found that it is significant to take into account only the localization correction to MC and its variation during heating for a complete description of transformations of the MC curves.
Phase diagram of the system CH4–Ar and properties of solid solutions near the critical point
Authors: Baryl’nik A. S. , Prokhvatilov A. I. , Yantsevich L. D.
Published: January 2025

The phase diagram of the system CH4–Ar is analyzed by x-rays. It is found that this system has a critical point at Tc = 63 K and xc = 35% CH4. The behavior of the solutions is studied on the phase separation curve and beyond the critical point. The change in the lattice volume along the phase separation curve in the vicinity of Tc can be described satisfactorily by a power dependence with critical exponent β = 0.45±0.05. Solutions with the critical composition display an anomalous volume thermal expansion coefficient as Tc is approached from the single-phase region. The obtained results are discussed and compared with those known in the literature.
Phase states in mixed crystals of K1–x(NH4)xH2PO4. I. Behavior of the fully symmetric ν1 vibrational mode of the tetrahedron PO4
Authors: Popkov Yu. A. , Van’kevich A. V. , Shuvalov L. A. , Fedosyuk R. M.
Published: January 2025

Raman scattering of light is used for carrying out a detailed investigation of the spectral position and half-width of the fully symmetric vibration ν1 of the tetrahedral complex PO4 in mixed KADP crystals. The investigated characteristics display anomalies during transition to ordered (ferro- or antiferroelectric) states as well as the disordered glass-structure state. Phase diagram of the system K1–x(NH4)xH2PO4 is constructed. The obtained results point towards the significant role of NH4 ions and N–H...bonds on the formation of the corresponding states in mixed KADP crystals.
IVC of a double tunnel junction in the Coulomb blockade mode
Authors: Shikin V. B. , Leao S. , Ipolito O.
Published: January 2025

The IVC of a double tunnel junction is investigated under Coulomb blockade conditions. It is shown that the measurement of some typical peculiarities of IVC (the so-called shear effects) can be useful in the diagnostics of double tunnel junctions.
Effect of electron irradiation on the peak effect in YBa2Cu3Ox single crystals
Authors: Arbuzova T. I. , Smolyak I. B. , Arbuzov V. L. , Davletshin A. E. , Naumov S. V. , Samokhvalov A. A. , Gavalek V. G.
Published: January 2025

We studied influence of low-temperature electron irradiation on the behavior of the peak effect in YBa2Cu3Ox single crystals of two types differing by preparation procedures and in initial SC properties. Possible mechanisms of the peak effects are considered. The most likely cause of the peak effect is shown to be a change in the interaction energy of a magnetic vortex with a defect on the interface of two SC phases. Under the action of the electron irradiation the Tc decreases while the peak-effect field Hm shifts to lower values. The decrease of the peak effect at T=77 K with increasing irradiation dose may be due both to the high normalized temperature T/Tc and to a redistribution of occupancies in the oxygen sublattice.
Nonequilibrium processes induced by microwave field and by supercritical direct current in the superconducting Y1Ba2Cu3O7−x ceramic
Authors: Dmitriev V. M. , Zolochevskii I. V. , Khristenko E. V.
Published: January 2025

We studied nonequilibrium processes in the superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−x. ceramic, which are induced by external factors, namely: electromagnetic-field-induced superconductivity stimulation, occpancy imbalance between the electron-like and hole-like branches of the energy spectrum of quasiparticles, which is produced by a direct current or an electromagnetic irradiation. The above quoted nonequilibrium phenomena are compared qualitatively for HTSC (YBa2Cu 3O7−x) and LTSC (Sn,Nb).
A contribution to the phenomenological theory of a two-band crystalline superconductor with tetragonal and orthorhombic symmetry
Authors: Poluéktov Yu. M.
Published: January 2025

Crystalline superconductors of tetragonal (point group D4h) and orthorhombic (point group D2h) symmetry with two overlapping conduction bands are considered. The thermodynamic potentials in the vicinity of the critical temperature are obtained and the Ginzburg–Landau equations are derived for superconducting transitions of electrons from both bands associated with all the irreducible representations of groups D4h and D2h. Attention is called to differences in the character of the phase transitions that belong to coincident and different representations. Existence of an interband superconducting current is predicted.
HTS ceramic conductivity increase preceding the N–S transition
Authors: Dmitriev V.M. , Ofitserov M. N. , Prentslau N. N. , Rogatsky K.
Published: January 2025

The increase in the conductivity preceding the N–S transition has been studied experimentally in thallium-, bismuth-, and samarium-based ceramics, as well as yttrium ceramics with different types of substitution of elements. It is shown that the temperature range of N–S transition is divided into two parts. The first part corresponds to a lower temperature and is characterized by levitation and magnetic field dependence of the ceramic resistance, both these effects being manifested at the same temperature. The second part corresponds to higher temperature range and does not display these effects in spite of an anomalous increase in the conductivity of the ceramic.
Effect of pressure on the paramagnetic susceptibility of alloys Fe1–xCoxSi
Authors: Panfilov A. S. , Svechkarev I. V. , Romasheva L. F.
Published: January 2025

The effect of pressure up to 4 kbar on the paramagnetic susceptibility of solid solutions of Fe1−xCoxSi (0≤x≤0.7) has been studied at temperatures 78 and 293 K. The volume derivative of the effective electron interaction parameter d In I/d In V = –1.3 ± 0.15 has been determined under the Stoner paramagnetism enhancement condition, and points towards a significant role of electron correlations in this system.
Point-contact study of UCu4+xAI8–x compounds
Authors: Naidyuk Yu. G. , Kvitnitskaya O. E. , Yanson I. K. , Suski W. , Folchik L.
Published: January 2025

The first IVC derivative dV/dI(V) and its temperature dependence are measured for heterojunctions formed by UCu4+xAl8–x (x=0, 0.5, and 1.5) and pure metals Cu, Fe and Ni. It is found that the main peculiarities of the dV/dI(V) dependence take place at a temperature below T* which is close to the Néel temperature for compounds with x=0 and 0.5. The behavior of dV/dI(V) in the case is in good agreement with the dependence calculated by using the thermal model of current flow through a point contact, taking into account the degradation of the properties of the material near the surface. It was found that T* for the sample with x= 1.5 considerably exceeds the temperature at which a resistivity peak is formed due to coherent effects during a transition to the heavy-fermion state.
Magnetoplasma waves in gallium. Fast magnetoacoustic wave
Authors: Bezuglyi E. V. , Burma N. G. , Deineka E. Yu. , Fil’ V. D.
Published: January 2025

The results of detailed theoretical and experimental investigations of a fast magnetoacoustic wave (FMAW) in gallium are presented. The wave is excited and detected by electromagnetic or acoustic methods. The FMAW velocity measured for different directions of wave propagation and magnetic field displays a considerable anisotropy associated with peculiar properties of the Fermi surface in gallium. Using the Read model of the electron spectrum of gallium, we calculate numerically the values of the FMAW⨀, velocity along the principal crystallographic axes. The results of the calculations are in qualitative agreement with the experimental data (a quantitative agreement is observed when the Fermi-liquid interaction between charge carriers is taken into account). The strong temperature dependence of the FMAW velocity is discussed and attributed to the considerable difference between the frequencies of intra- and interband relaxation of charge carriers.
Helium adsorption at 4.2 K by some adsorbents used for pumping 3He vapor in low-temperature cryostats
Authors: Kolobrodov V. G. , Karnatsevich L. V. , Grigorova T. K. , Skomorokhov A. N.
Published: January 2025

A test device has been developed for studying the pumping characteristics of cryopumps for internal pumping of 3He in low-temperature cryostats. The adsorption isotherms of 4He are measured at 4.2 K for three carbon adsorbents, viz., commercial carbon SKT–4B, activated fibrous carbon AUVM “Dnepr,” and metallized carbon SKTM. Three identical adsorption pumps filled with the above-mentioned adsorbents have been used to measure the pumping speed for 4He as a function of pressure and filling of the pump by the adsorbate. The operation of these pumps is investigated under conditions close to the working conditions in low–temperature cryostats with pumping of vapor from liquid 3He chamber.
Electron-diffraction studies of solidified CO2-Xe mixtures
Authors: Kovalenko S. I. , Solodovnik A. A.
Published: January 2025

The structure of condensed CO2–Xe films is studied in the temperature range 6–60 K. Gaseous mixtures whose composition varied from 0 to 100% Xe were condensed on substrates at temperatures 55 and 6 K. It is found that up to 5 mol.% Xe is dissolved in the CO2 matrix during high-temperature deposition, while the dissolution of CO2 in Xe is below the sensitivity of the x-ray diffraction technique. The structure and substructure of low-temperature condensates are studied as well as the kinetics of relaxation processes stimulated by the annealing of these films.
A new method of semiclassical description of one-dimensional quantum antiferromagnets
Authors: Ivanov B. A. , Kolezhuk A. K.
Published: January 2025

A new approach to a semiclassical description of one-dimensional antiferromagnets with a spin S = 1/2 is proposed. The exactly integrable XXZ–model is used to demonstrate that the method reproduces correctly the ground state energy and the elementary excitation spectrum. The results of application of this method to a nonintegrable model with an alternating (spin–Peierls) exchange are briefly discussed.
Quasi-one-dimensional excitons in the antiferromagnet CsMnCI3 · 2H2O
Authors: Eremenko V. V. , Karachevtsev V. A. , Kazachkov A. R. , Slavin V. V.
Published: January 2025

The temperature dependence of the relative quantum yield and of luminescence decay kinetics of pure and doped CsMnCl3 · 2H2O (CMC) is studied in the interval 6–300 K. As the temperature increases beyond 60 K, a strong quenching of the exciton glow is observed in the doped crystal (with 0.1% Cu2+). Above 60 K, the decay kinetics of doped crystals has a complicated form typical of quasi–one–dimensinal excitons. These results are due to a migration of excitons which were earlier assumed to be localized in this crystal. The kinetics of quenching of the exciton glow in impurity CMC is approximated by theoretical curves obtained in Onipko’s approximation. This leads to the probability (ω = 1.8 · 107 s−1) of exciton jump to a trap at 218 K.