bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Samrakshan Yodha Dashboard of Diagnostic and Performance Metrics for Fetal Radiologists
Authors: Choorakuttil Rijo Mathew , Baghel Akanksha , Nirmalan Praveen K.
Published: June 2023

We used the data collection experience of the initial 3 years of Samrakshan to develop a live dashboard for individual practitioners to examine diagnostic and performance metrics in real-time and to assess trends. The dashboard was created in MS Excel (Microsoft 365 MSO version 2209) and the output provides useful information on actionable items like compliance with low-dose aspirin and estimates of preterm and term pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction, congenital anomalies, the proportion of preterm births, and perinatal mortality estimates. The output will help individual practitioners to generate practice-related actionable evidence and can further optimize service delivery for local populations. The dashboard can be used on any platform with MS Excel and does not require the installation of any additional software or license. The dashboard is provided as a free, open-access resource by the Samrakshan Program of Indian Radiological and Imaging Association.
Subspecialization, Senior Residency, or Private Practice: The Dilemma of Final-Year Radiology Postgraduate Residents in India
Authors: Sarangi Pradosh Kumar , Narayan Ravi Kant , Panda Braja Behari , Rao M.V. Kameswar , Panda Swaha , Mittal Chaitanya
Published: June 2023

Background Radiology is among India's top five speciality choices pursued by meritorious medical graduates. With the advent of the subspecialization degree courses, fellowships, the requirement of senior residency as faculty eligibility criteria, and the lucrative option of private practice, the final-year postgraduates are given opportunities to choose from but with little guidance on what and how to choose. This study aims to analyze the views of the final-year radiology postgraduate residents in India regarding their understanding of how to proceed in their professional life with options available.

Materials and Methods A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted online via Google forms distributed via email and social media platforms. The questionnaire was prepared after going through previous literature, video blogs, and media available on the Internet and was further validated for content.

Results About half (48%) of them wished to pursue higher studies in the form of Doctorate of Medicine (DM) degree courses or fellowships. Almost three-quarters of the participants preferred short-term subspecialization via fellowships over 3-year DM courses (28%). Regarding clinical practice, 61.9% preferred to take up senior residency, while slightly over one-third (35.7%) expressed their will to move on to private practice.

Conclusion A relative conundrum was observed in the decision to take up senior residency or private practice or to go for DM but had to pursue a fellowship due to limited choice in topics and seats available in the country for subspecialization.
The Challenge of Non-Reproducibility of Old Homoeopathic Drugs and the Need for their Standardisation and Re-Proving
Authors: Talele Gitanjali , Shah Rajesh
Published: June 2023

Introduction The system of homoeopathic medicine calls for continued development and upgrading. Many drugs used in homoeopathy have limited information about their original composition and collection method, making their exact reproducibility practically impossible or challenging. To improve the quality, reliability, ethics, legality, purity and science, there is an urgent need to review, revise, revolutionise, re-develop, remove and revamp many drugs in the Materia Medica in the current light of technology and modern medical knowledge.

Method A rigorous literature review of homoeopathy Materia Medica, pharmacopeia and manufacturing units was done. Based on the literature review, we have identified some challenges and suggested ways to overcome them.

Observation and Discussion The common observation is that most homoeopathy drugs prepared and sold in the market are prepared by simply stepping up the ‘back-potencies.’ Many drugs could be made afresh without depending on the old stocks of back-potencies. Although few pharmacies have started this practice in the UK, Brazil, the United States and India, many pharmacies prefer the back-potency route probably due to the reasons such as difficulty in procuring identical raw materials (e.g. Lachesis, Tarentula, Spongia, X-ray), expensive raw materials (e.g. Aurum metallicum, Argentum nitricum, Platina) and lack of facility to process the raw material (e.g. Phosphorus, Radium bromide, Diptherinum, Carcinosin).

Well-defined mechanisms are required for drug standardisation, authenticity and quality of source material, standardised potentisation method, quantifiable force parameter, complete tracking record of back potency (traceability).
Perianal Complications in Puerperium and Associated Risk Factors
Authors: Iyer Sriranjani , Jadhav Sarojini , Kandi Anita , Soyam Suraj
Published: June 2023

Introduction Puerperium is defined as the period of about 6 weeks after childbirth during which the mother's reproductive organs return to their original nonpregnant condition. Perianal problems, including constipation, hemorrhoids, and fissure, are among the most common digestive complications among women in puerperium, observed in about 30 to 50 percent of women. Considering this great prevalence and the paucity of similar research in this aspect in an Indian population, the present study was done to assess the prevalence of perianal problems seen in puerperium and the risk factors associated with it.

Methods This was a prospective observational cohort study done over the span of 3 years on 902 puerperal women. A self-structured questionnaire covered detailed history and per-rectal and proctoscopy examination. Patients were followed up telephonically for regression of perianal problems post management.

Results The total prevalence of all the perianal problems in puerperium encountered in the present study, out of 902 subjects, was 36.3% (327 subjects). The perianal problems encountered were fissure in 185 patients (20.5%) followed by hemorrhoids in 110 patients (12.2%), perianal episiotomy infections in 25 patients (2.8%), and perineal tears in 7 patients (0.8%). On comparative analysis, positive family history, macrosomia, past history of perianal diseases, and second stage of labour > 50 minutes showed a higher prevalence in the perianal disease group as compared with the healthy group. Out of these, positive family history of perianal diseases (p = 0.015) and past history of perianal diseases (p = 0.016) were statistically significant. The percentage of multipara with hemorrhoids was more when compared to primipara (p = 0.01), patients who had a past history of any perianal disease have a higher chance of hemorrhoids during puerperium (p = 0.00). Patients with constipation in pregnancy have higher chance of hemorrhoids in pregnancy (p = 0.00). Patients who had a past history of any perianal disease had higher chance of fissure during puerperium (p = 0.00). A total of 27.74% of the study subjects with macrosomic babies had fissure in their puerperal period which on comparison with patients with non macrosomic babies was only 19.22%, which was statistically significant (p = 0.02).

Conclusion Constipation, hemorrhoids, and anal fissures are the most common perianal problems in postpartum period causing significant reduction in the quality of life of those afflicted with them.
An American and Brazilian Perspective on Abstracts Presented in Coloproctology Conferences Converted into Published Manuscripts
Authors: Samartine Hugo , Silva Lauro Igor , Mazzini Lucas Rosasco , Paiva Daniel Ferreira , Gracitelli Giovanna Bertazzola , Aquino José Luís Braga de , Mendes Elisa Donalisio Teixeira
Published: June 2023

Introduction The presentation of abstracts in a congress is an important step for the dissemination of scientific information. The American Congress of Coloproctology is promoted by the American Society of Colon & Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS), and it is the largest in number of participants within the specialty, followed by the Brazilian Congress of Coloproctology. The present study aims to evaluate variables related to the quality of the scientific production of the abstracts presented in these two events and their conversion rate to published manuscripts.

Materials and Methods The present bibliometric study assesses secondary data from the review of abstracts presented in these 2 important conferences in 2016, followed by a research of the publications from these congress presentations.

Results The total number of abstracts evaluated was 854. The rate of articles containing statistical analyses was of 73.7% in the American congress, and of 34.1% in the Brazilian congress. Multicentric studies were more prevalent in the American congress (23.1%). Regarding study design, the most common were case reports in the Brazilian (44.8%) congress and retrospective studies in the American congress (67.7%). As for the works presented, the rate of conversion into full manuscripts in the American congress was of 24.2% compared with 10.6% in the Brazilian congress. Most papers from the American congress (93.7%) have citations compared with 68.6% of the other event evaluated.

Conclusion The scientific performance demonstrated by the conversion rate of abstracts into publications is below ideal, mainly in relation to the Brazilian meeting; yet, there were significant differences between the two events in terms of the profile of the presentations and several variables analyzed.
Prognostic Roles and Survival Benefits of Endoscopic Resection Versus Surgical Resection in the Management of Malignant Colon Polyps
Authors: Ibrahim Amr , Gertallah Loay M. , Abdelaziz Mahmoud , Hemeda Rehab , Gomaa Ahmed Fathy , Ghoneme Mahmoud , Sherbeiny Mahmoud , Sharaf Ahmed Lotfy , Harb Ola A. , Amin Mohamed Farouk
Published: June 2023

Background Due to few sufficient data regarding the comparison between endoscopic and surgical resection of malignant colorectal polyps regarding outcomes and survival benefits, there are no clear guidelines of management strategies of malignant colorectal polyps.

The aims of the present study were to compare endoscopic resection alone and surgical resection in patients with malignant polyps in the colon (T1N0M0) readings advantages, disadvantages, recurrence risks, survival benefits, and long-term prognosis to detect how management strategy affects outcome.

Patients and methods we included 350 patients. All included patients were divided into 2 groups; the first group included 100 patients who underwent only endoscopic polypectomy and the second group included 250 patients who underwent endoscopic polypectomy followed by definitive surgical resection after histopathological diagnosis.

We followed all patients for about 5 years, ranging from 18 to 55 months.

The primarily evaluated parameters are surgical consequences and patients' morbidity. The secondary evaluated parameters are recurrence risks, recurrence free survival, and overall survival rates.

Results The age of patients who underwent polypectomy is usually younger than the surgical group, males have more liability to polypectomy in comparison with females.

Patients with tumors in the left colon have more liability to polypectomy in comparison with the right colon (p < 0.0001). Tumor factors associated with more liability to surgical resection are presence of lymphovascular invasion, high grade, and poor tumor differentiation (p < 0.0001).

The management strategy was the most significant predictor of overall and recurrence free survival rates in patients with malignant colon polyps (p < 0.001).

Conclusions We found that survival benefits and lower incidence of recurrence are detected in the surgical resection group more than in the polypectomy group.
Functional Outcomes and Satisfaction Rates of Sacral Nerve Stimulation in the Treatment of One and Multiples Pelvic Floor Dysfunctions
Authors: Murad-Regadas Sthela M. , Holanda Erico de Carvalho , Regadas Carolina M. , Moreira Amanda Souza , Fernandes Larissa M. Camara , Holanda Erica Uchoa , Regadas Marina Murad , Cruz Emanuella C. Murad da
Published: June 2023

Objective Few studies have addressed the use of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) in the treatment of patients with multiple pelvic floor dysfunctions (PFD). So, we evaluated the functional outcomes and level of satisfaction with SNS in selected patients with one or multiples PFD.

Methods A prospective database was used to collect information on eligible patients treated for PFD with SNS, and severity of symptoms was assessed with scores and satisfaction rates by visual analogue scale (VAS) at baseline and by the end of follow-up.

Results We recruited 70 patients, 98.6% of whom responded positively during the evaluation period (Global Response Assessment ≥ 50% for at least one type of PFD), resulting in the implantation of a permanent SNS device. Additionally, 49 of the patients (71%) had a single PFD (fecal incontinence [FI] = 38; constipation/obstructed defecation syndrome [C/ODS] = 11), while 20 (29%) had more than one PFD (double incontinence/n = 12; double incontinence + C/ODS/n = 8). All scores improved significantly between baseline (pre-SNS) and the end of follow-up (post-SNS), as did VAS in all groups (single and multiple PFD). The pre-SNS scores were higher in patients with a single PFD, including FI (Cleveland clinic Florida incontinence score [CCF-FI]) and C/ODS (Cleveland clinic constipation score [C-CCF] and the Renzi ODS score). The pre-SNS impact of VAS scores was similar in all groups (single and multiple PFD), but the VAS (post-SNS) was significantly lower (better response) for FI alone compared with multiple PFD.

Conclusion The SNS technique is an effective and safe option for patients with one or more PFD refractory to conservative measures. Response was positive for at least two PFD, based on reduced correspondent scores and satisfaction rate.
Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM) in a 19-Month-Old Girl with Primary Achalasia
Authors: Duman Serkan , Yurci Alper , Cho Joo Young
Published: June 2023

Introduction Primary achalasia is an idiopathic motility disorder of the esophagus characterized by esophageal aperistalsis and incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) in response to swallowing. The gold standard diagnostic method in adults is high-resolution manometry (HRM). Diagnostic criteria in adults are also used in children, but some HRM normal values may change depending on age.

Case Report A 15-month-old girl was admitted to the hospital for evaluation due to persistent vomiting since birth. Vomiting included what she ate regardless of the amount of food she consumed. Barium esophagography revealed barium retention, esophageal dilatation, and a “bird's beak appearance” in the distal esophagus. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed stenosis in the lower esophagus and bubbles at the esophagogastric junction.

In HRM, the resting LES pressure was 43.4 mm Hg, there was pan-esophageal pressurization with 60% of swallows and no normal peristalsis. The patient was diagnosed with type II achalasia based on the Chicago 3.0 classification.

First, the tube was inserted to ensure adequate nutrition of the patient, and approximately 4 months later, when the patient was 10 kg, the peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) procedure was performed.

No complications developed during and after the procedure. At the 6th month after treatment, the patient was completely asymptomatic and her weight was within normal limits for her age.

Conclusion POEM is an effective and safe method in the treatment of pediatric patients with idiopathic achalasia.
History of Tinnitus Research at the VA National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research (NCRAR), 1997–2021: Studies and Key Findings
Authors: Henry James A. , Folmer Robert L. , Zaugg Tara L. , Theodoroff Sarah M. , Quinn Candice M. , Reavis Kelly M. , Thielman Emily J. , Carlson Kathleen F.
Published: June 2023

The Veterans Affairs (VA) Rehabilitation Research & Development (RR&D) National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research (NCRAR) was first funded by the RR&D Service in 1997 and has been funded continuously since that time. The overall purpose of the NCRAR is to “improve the quality of life of Veterans and others with hearing and balance problems through clinical research, technology development, and education that leads to better patient care” (
www.ncrar.research.va.gov
). An important component of the research conducted at the NCRAR has been a focus on clinical and rehabilitative aspects of tinnitus. Multiple investigators have received grants to conduct tinnitus research and the present article provides an overview of this research from the NCRAR's inception through 2021.
School internationalization in Taiwan: constructing assessment indicators and future application
Authors: Cheng Ming-Min , Tang Chia-Wei , Wang Li-Chun , Chuang Hsueh-Hua
Published: June 2023

This study developed and validated the indicators of school internationalization in elementary and secondary schools in Taiwan to identify their level of internationalization and assess how the same has been implemented in these institutions. The data for the study was obtained from focus group interviews with 14 school internationalization experts and 176 school principals. Subsequently, 145 sample schools were recruited to complete an online questionnaire as part of a formal survey. The 20-item indicator scale regarding internationalization goals, campus internationalization, personnel internationalization, administration internationalization, curricula internationalization, and international partnerships proved suitable to orient elementary and secondary schools in Taiwan toward establishing international environments. Furthermore, results have important implications that the government should provide additional financial support and educational resources to reduce the teacher turnover rate and increase the willingness of schools in Taiwan to participate in international affairs.
The relationship between criminology and criminal law: implications for developing Chinese criminology
Authors: Shuai Honglan , Liu Jianhong
Published: June 2023

During the last four decades, Chinese criminology has grown steadily but modestly. One consensus is the lack of a clear understanding of the relationship between criminology and criminal law. This paper attempts to provide a critical review of the relationship between the two disciplines by first tracing the historical development of criminology in both China and Western countries. It then clarifies the distinctions and overlaps between criminology and criminal law and explains how this relationship has influenced the growth of criminology in China. It concludes by proposing implications for developing criminology in China, particularly discussing potential collaborations that could be forged between criminology and criminal law and how such partnerships can benefit both fields in China.
Coupled pendula with varied forcing direction
Authors: Dudkowski Dawid , Jaros Patrycja , Kapitaniak Tomasz
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we investigate the complex dynamics of rotating pendula arranged into a simple mechanical scheme. Three nodes forming the small network are coupled via the horizontally oscillating beam (the global coupling structure) and the springs (the local coupling), which extends the research performed previously for similar models. The pendula rotate in different directions, and depending on the distribution of the latter ones, various types of behaviors of the system can be observed. We determine the regions of the existence and co-existence of particular solutions using both the classical method of bifurcations, as well as a modern sample-based approach based on the concept of basin stability. Various types of states are presented and discussed, including synchronization patterns, coherent dynamics, and irregular motion. We uncover new schemes of solutions, showing that both rotations and oscillations can co-exist for various pendula, arranged within one common system. Our analysis includes the investigations of the basins of attraction of different dynamical patterns, as well as the study on the properties of the observed states, along with the examination of the influence of system’s parameters on their behavior. We show that the model can respond in spontaneous ways and uncover unpredicted irregularities occurring for the states. Our study exhibits that the inclusion of the local coupling structure can induce complex, chimeric dynamics of the system, leading to new co-existing patterns for coupled mechanical nodes.
Performance enhancement of electromagnetic vibration energy harvesters via bi-stable structure based on MEMS 3D coils
Authors: Xiao Wensong , Wu Hanxiao , Xu Tiantong , Lv Pin , Tao Zhi , Li Haiwang , Wang Wenbin
Published: June 2023

In this study, we conducted a systematic exploration of a micro-electromagnetic vibration energy harvester with a bi-magnet structure and microelectromechanical systems 3D coils. First, we establish a physical model of stiffness and damping characteristics based on the superposition principle for the bi-magnet structure which has also been verified experimentally. Then, we investigate the influence of magnet gap and air gap on the stiffness and the magnetic flux change rate, mainly focusing on the distance and the potential barrier between the two potential wells. Finally, we fabricate and assemble the bi-magnet VEH prototype and tested the output performance under 1 and 6g excitation, which correspond the intra-well vibration and inter-well vibration, respectively. The tested results show that under 1g excitation, the prototype can output 155.38 μW power with 32 Hz half-power bandwidth and 4939.06 μW·Hz integrated power, which are obviously higher than those for mono-magnet under same excitation. When the excitation raises to 6g, the output power is improved to 362.98 μW with the half power bandwidth and integrated power enhanced to 56 Hz and 9289.96 μW·Hz, respectively. The tested results also prove that the structure proposed in this study can significantly enhance the output performance compared with a mono-magnet structure and other published data.
Superadiabatic dynamical density functional study of Brownian hard-spheres in time-dependent external potentials
Authors: Tschopp S. M. , Vuijk H. D. , Brader J. M.
Published: June 2023

Superadiabatic dynamical density functional theory (superadiabatic-DDFT), a first-principles approach based on inhomogeneous two-body correlation functions, is employed to investigate the response of interacting Brownian particles to time-dependent external driving. Predictions for the superadiabatic dynamics of the one-body density are made directly from the underlying interparticle interactions without the need for either adjustable fit parameters or simulation input. The external potentials we investigate have been chosen to probe distinct aspects of structural relaxation in dense, strongly interacting liquid states. Nonequilibrium density profiles predicted by the superadiabatic theory are compared with those obtained from both adiabatic DDFT and event-driven Brownian dynamics simulation. Our findings show that superadiabatic-DDFT accurately predicts the time-evolution of the one-body density.
Floral biology, pollination vectors and breeding system of Zieria granulata (Rutaceae), an endangered shrub endemic to eastern Australia
Authors: Lopresti Laura C. , Sommerville Karen D. , Gilpin Amy-Marie , Minchinton Todd E.
Published: June 2023

Context Understanding the factors that influence viable-seed production is crucial in the conservation of threatened plant species, yet these factors are often poorly understood. Aims We investigated the reproductive biology of Zieria granulata C.Moore ex Benth., an endangered Australian endemic with a limited distribution, with the intent of improving conservation and restoration outcomes. Methods Components of floral biology, including floral ontogeny and nectar production, were quantified to determine the pollination syndrome and the likely breeding system. Flower-visitor surveys (using both digital video recordings and human observations), a manipulative wind-pollination experiment and hand-pollination experiments were conducted to investigate pollination vectors and confirm the breeding system. Key results Z. granulata flowers were small, white, protandrous and produced highly ornamented pollen grains and small quantities of nectar; these characteristics suggest that the species fits the general entomophily syndrome. All floral visitors were arthropod species and of the 72 visitors observed, predominantly from the Dipteran and Hymenopteran families, 18 could be regarded as potential pollinators. Failure of simulated wind gusts (40 km h−1) to transport pollen ≥5 cm indicated that anemophily is unlikely for this species. Autonomous and manipulative selfing did not result in viable seed set, indicating that this is an obligate outcrossing species. However, fruit and viable-seed production was highly variable within and among some other treatments. Pre-dispersal seed predation was recorded at all study sites. Conclusions Pre-dispersal seed predation was recorded at all study sites and is a likely factor inhibiting viable-seed production. Implications This knowledge will be used to improve seed yield for collections used for ex situ conservation and restoration programs for the endangered Z. granulata.
Microbiology education for rural nurses: continuing professional development strategies
Authors: Green Elyce , Seaman Clair , Vanniasinkam Thiru
Published: June 2023

Nurses play an important role as frontline staff in infection control. Continuing professional development (CPD) in microbiology is key to helping nurses stay up to date with the latest developments in this area. A pilot study was conducted to determine the value of a microbiology laboratory-based workshop to support regional nurses. A team of microbiology academics and clinical microbiologists presented the laboratory-based workshop at Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga campus in New South Wales. Pre- and post-surveys were conducted. After the workshop, learners were significantly more confident explaining the process of culturing and identifying organisms from clinical samples (z = 2.84, P = 0.005), the importance of antimicrobial resistance in relation to common healthcare-associated infections (HAI) (z = 2.56, P = 0.011), cutting edge technology used in the rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases (z = 2.69, P = 0.007), and which antibiotics are appropriate for different bacterial infections (z = 2.72, P = 0.007). CPD opportunities such as workshops are vital for nurses in rural locations, particularly as health professional shortages in rural locations mean that nurses at all levels are required to take a lead role in infection control practices.
Do admixed conifers change soil nutrient conditions of European beech stands?
Authors: Foltran Estela Covre , Ammer Christian , Lamersdorf Norbert
Published: June 2023

Context Establishing mixed forest stands is an option for improving soil nutrient conditions and for increasing the resilience of forest ecosystems. Aims Identify the effects on soil chemistry of spruce and Douglas fir admixed in European beech forest. Methods We analysed pure and mixed species stands in Germany. The pure stands were mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), and Norway spruce (Picea abies). The mixtures were composed of beech with either Douglas fir or spruce. The stands were located in two regions with different soil conditions. Results Our results indicated that pure spruce stands, independent of site condition, had the lowest base saturation while beech showed the highest values. The impact of Douglas fir differed between site conditions. On sandy soils, there was higher pH and base saturation under Douglas fir than under spruce. On loamy soils, however, the pH under Douglas fir and beech was lower than under spruce. The cation stocks (Ca and Mg) on sandy soils were lower under spruce and spruce/beech stands than under Douglas fir and beech. In contrast, under loamy soil, exchangeable Ca and Mg stocks were less under beech than under spruce stands. Soil exchangeable K under mixed stands was among the highest compared to pure stands, independent of site condition. Conclusions Mixed species stands reduce soil base cation depletion compared to conifer stands. Implications Admixture of Douglas fir to European beech seems to be a more reasonable option for forest management than an admixture of spruce, since it does not negatively affect soil chemistry.
STE20 kinase TAOK3 regulates type 2 immunity and metabolism in obesity
Authors: Maes Bastiaan , Fayazpour Farzaneh , Catrysse Leen , Lornet Guillaume , Van De Velde Evelien , De Wolf Caroline , De Prijck Sofie , Van Moorleghem Justine , Vanheerswynghels Manon , Deswarte Kim , Descamps Benedicte , Vanhove Christian , Van der Schueren Bart , Vangoitsenhoven Roman , Hammad Hamida , Janssens Sophie , Lambrecht Bart N.
Published: June 2023

Healthy adipose tissue (AT) contains ST2+ Tregs, ILC2s, and alternatively activated macrophages that are lost in mice or humans on high caloric diet. Understanding how this form of type 2 immunity is regulated could improve treatment of obesity. The STE20 kinase Thousand And One amino acid Kinase-3 (TAOK3) has been linked to obesity in mice and humans, but its precise function is unknown. We found that ST2+ Tregs are upregulated in visceral epididymal white AT (eWAT) of Taok3−/− mice, dependent on IL-33 and the kinase activity of TAOK3. Upon high fat diet feeding, metabolic dysfunction was attenuated in Taok3−/− mice. ST2+ Tregs disappeared from eWAT in obese wild-type mice, but this was not the case in Taok3−/− mice. Mechanistically, AT Taok3−/− Tregs were intrinsically more responsive to IL-33, through higher expression of ST2, and expressed more PPARγ and type 2 cytokines. Thus, TAOK3 inhibits adipose tissue Tregs and regulates immunometabolism under excessive caloric intake.
Acoustic Emission Behavior of TATB Based PBX during Uniaxial Compression Deformation
Authors: Xiao Pan , Li Haining
Published: June 2023

In order to study the feasibility of acoustic emission technology for the damage and fracture monitoring of TATB-based PBX materials and components, the acoustic emission characteristics of notched and unnotched specimens under uniaxial compression were studied. The results of uniaxial compression and step-cycle compression experiments of unnotched specimens showed that there were few AE hits with low amplitude under low strain stage and many AE hits were generated when the specimen failed. In addition, the Kaiser effect is applicable at the low load stage. In addition, there were less AE hits in initial loading stage for the specimen with notches, which may be caused by machining force. However, very strong AE hits were generated in the specimen with notches before macroscopic fracture occurred. Acoustic emission technology can be used to determine whether macroscopic cracks were generated in TATB-based PBX structures in the experiment.
Calculation of binding energy and mechanical properties of FOX-7 with three kinds of binders
Authors: Yang Xiong , Wang Bo , Zhao Kai , Zhao Dongkui , Huang Yafeng , Wang Xiaofeng
Published: June 2023

In order to select the binder suitable for FOX-7 polymer bonded explosives system, the binding energy and mechanical properties of FOX-7 with three binders were calculated by molecular dynamics method. The results show that the binding energies of the three systems are in the order of FOX-7+BA> FOX-7+F2603> FOX-7+EVA, and that the binding energies of F2603, BA with FOX-7 are basically the same. FOX-7+F2603 and FOX-7+ BA systems exhibit better comprehensive mechanical properties, and thus are more suitable for polymer bonded explosive systems.
Electromagnetic Compatibility Time Domain Response Characteristics of EEDs
Authors: Hongzhi YAO , Tuan Zhao , Xiangfei Ji , Jingli Du
Published: June 2023

The theory and algorithm of electric initiation are applied to the study of time-domain response of electromagnetic compatibility of electro-explosive devices(EEDs). based on the antenna theory and transmission line theory, the mathematical model of electromagnetic wave time domain response of different signal characteristics of EEDs was established, and the time domain response characteristics of electromagnetic field of typical EEDs were calculated and analyzed. The time domain characteristics of response of EEDs in electromagnetic field were tested and studied based on the characterization method of electromagnetic induction energy of transducer. The experimental results are consistent with the calculated results.
A design of laser pyrotechnic device based on fiber laser detonation
Authors: Cao Chunqiang , Shi Minke , Zhang Yao , Chen Jianhua , Jing Bo , He Aifeng , Zhao Jia
Published: June 2023

In order to meet the application requirements of high performance, high safety and high reliability of laser explosives in future weapons and equipment, this paper tries to solve the problem of interaction reliability between laser and energetic materials, and studies the interaction law between fiber laser and energetic materials with high beam quality. The principle prototype of all-fiber laser ignition with high beam quality is developed. The interaction between high beam quality pulsed laser and energetic materials was studied. Fast and efficient ignition of pulsed fiber laser based on high beam quality is realized. Compared with semiconductor laser, the output brightness of fiber laser is high and the light energy is concentrated under the condition of the same output power, which is conducive to the instantaneous generation of high temperature hot spot when interacting with the agent, which can effectively improve the ignition efficiency. And the photoelectric conversion efficiency is high, can effectively reduce the energy supply. It is an ideal pyrotechnic device which can improve the safety of weapons and equipment in modern war.
Research on the relationship between filling pattern and mechanical strength in 3D printing
Authors: Gao Y C , Li M M , Yang W T , Hu R , Zhang Y C
Published: June 2023

3D printing technology provides a new technical approach for the preparation of complex-type gun propellants. The filling pattern chosen for printed gun propellants has an impact on the mechanical strength of gun propellants. In this paper, three filling patterns were used to print the gun propellant samples. There is axial, radial and 45° straight filling pattern. The tensile and compressive strength of samples with different filling patterns were compared and studied. The result shows that the tensile strength of samples printed with 45° straight filling pattern is the largest, and the compressive strength of samples printed with the radial filling pattern is the largest. The filling pattern has a significant effect on the mechanical strength of 3D-printed gun propellants.
Simulation analysis of curing of filament wound carbon fiber composite shell
Authors: qixuan Song , zongtao Guo , zhenchuan He , tingyu Wang
Published: June 2023

To represent the temperature and degree of cure (DOC) more intuitively during the curing process of fiber-wound composite shell, wrote SDVINI, DISP, FILM, and HETVAL subroutines to characterize the fiber-wound composite curing process in ABAQUS. Comparing the temperature and DOC. The results indicate that the heat released from the resin curing process affects the internal temperature of the material, but the effect is small and can be ignored. The DOC on the surface of the fiber-wound shell during the curing process is slightly larger than that inside, but the difference is small and can be approximated as equal. And when the curing time is the same, the faster the heating rate, the faster the curing rate.
Ultra-wideband BWO with waveguide loaded grating
Authors: Chang Shaojie , Wu Zhenhua , Liu Diwei , Liu Luwei , Hu Min , Wei Yanyu , Gong Yubin , Liu Shenggang
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a solution for a tunable broadband terahertz radiation source, which can be realized by a newly designed BWO (Backward Wave Oscillator) using slow-wave structure with dual waveguide-loaded gratings. Gratings in two rows of the same height operate in different frequency ranges. Additionally, the signal-to-noise ratio within the operating frequency has been dramatically improved by placing a lossy material at the end of the waveguide. The operating frequency of the double gratings alternate from 185.63 GHz to 239.6 GHz and 244.08 GHz to 291.93 GHz accordingly. Ultimately, the relative bandwidth of the whole device reaches 41.7%.
Explosion Venting Design for a Special Vehicle
Authors: Hu Shunjing , Kang Tieyu , Geng Jiangbo , Zhang Muxing , Wang Yanju , Li Hua , Shi Feina
Published: June 2023

Explosion vents are designed for a special vehicle, via which the energy released by ammunition explosion inside the vehicle can be quickly discharged to achieve the goal of explosion venting. These vents aim to reduce the damage of shock waves generated by ammunition explosion to the special vehicle and alleviate the secondary damage the subsequent shock waves may cause.
Structural response analysis of free rigid-perfectly plastic warhead under three typical transverse loads
Authors: Ming Ke , Ruyu Fan , Gang Zhou , Kun Ma , Yusong Zhang
Published: June 2023

Based on the rigid-perfectly plastic assumption, the structural response of a free warhead under the application of concentrated force, evenly distributed force, and ramping-up force was analysed, taking the geometrical features into account. By the sectional shear force and bending moment distribution, the critical section was determined through a yield criterion based on the fully plastic bending moment. It shows that when the load is applied at the tip of the warhead, singularity occurs in the yield function at the tip, but vanishes when the applying (or starting) point of the load some distance away. The influence of the distance of the applying (or starting) point to the tip was also discussed, and was found to be important in determining the location of the critical section. As the applying (or starting) point moves away from the tip, the critical section appears near the tip first, then jumps to the cylinder part of the warhead, and when far enough, jumps back to the head of the warhead in the concentrated force case, while in the distributed force cases the critical section appears first at the cylinder part, and then jumps to the head. The critical section jumps to the head much earlier and more localized around the connecting point of the head and the cylinder in the ramping-up case than in the evenly distributed case.
Study on the effect of off-axis initiation on the jet forming process and armour-breaking performance of shaped charges
Authors: Xu Hengwei , Liang Bin , Liu Junxin , Lu Yonggang
Published: June 2023

To study the effect of off-axis initiation on shaped charge performance. The nonlinear finite element software LS-DYNA is used to simulate the jet forming and armour-breaking process under different initiation offsets (0.025~0.125Dk, Dk is shaped charge diameter). A theoretical model is established to analyse the lateral velocity distribution of jet. The results show that the degree of asymmetric collapse and lateral velocity of jet increase with the offset. When the initiation offset exceeds 0.025Dk, the jet penetration capability of shaped charge jet will be seriously weakened.
The overload reliability assessment and enhancement of insensitive initiator
Authors: Wang Yin , Tong Honghai , Mi Zhou , Li Jiao
Published: June 2023

The overload reliability of EFI-based insensitive initiation unit is the basis for improving the combat effectiveness of ammunition. Based on the air gun experiment, the overload reliability evaluation method of insensitive initiation unit was obtained, as it’s the weakest units in insensitive initiation, the overload enhancement method and adaptability were systematically studied. The results show that, once the overload peak value and the overload pulse width were exceed 100,000 g and 100μs, the backplane and acceleration chamber were optimized with non-metallic materials and metal materials, respectively, the insensitive initiation unit fires reliably.
Experimental research on impact adiabatic relationship of U71Mn steel
Authors: Meng Xin , Wang Lei , Yan Huadong , Wang Yutao
Published: June 2023

Little is known about the changes in physical and chemical properties of U71Mn steel during supersonic operation. In this paper, the impact adiabatic relationship of U71Mn steel in the range of 0.5~1km/s impact velocity was studied by flyer impact experiment. The data shows that with the increase of the impact velocity, the Hugoniot pressure of U71Mn steel increases significantly, but the increment of the Hugoniot temperature is relatively small. U71Mn steel does not undergo phase transformation under the impact of 0~23.5GPa pressure range.
The frequency analysis of the gun barrel vibration based on road simulation test
Authors: Liu J , Ren J L , Cao X , Gu B
Published: June 2023

Aiming at the problem that the gun barrel vibration affects the firing accuracy during tank moving, based on the road simulation test, under the excitation of the different road levels (C, D and E), the acceleration vibration response curves of the barrel under different road levels and different vehicle speeds were obtained by arranging acceleration sensors on the barrel surface. Based on the power spectrum analysis method, the frequency response characteristics of the barrel vibration were analyzed, and the main frequency of barrel vibration during moving is obtained. It has been shown that, the main frequency of the barrel response is mainly distributed in three frequency ranges: 1~3Hz, 14~15Hz and 24~26Hz. The main frequency of the barrel vibration is different with different roads. The main frequency of the barrel response is mainly in the frequency range of 1~3Hz under C level road, and in the frequency range of 1~3Hz and 24~26Hz under D lever road. And under the E level road, the main frequency of barrel response is within the three frequency ranges of 1~3Hz, 14~15Hz and 24~26Hz. And the main frequency is 25Hz as the measuring point is far away from the muzzle. The results will provide support for obtaining the vibration characteristics of barrel as tank moving and explaining the vibration response law of the barrel.
Infographic as youth education media on the importance of recycling coffee organic waste in Boyolali Regency
Authors: Ardianto DT , Zahra NFA
Published: June 2023

In addition to producing the main product of coffee beans, coffee plants also produce a significant amount of waste in the form coffee rind. Coffee rind waste has not been widely used and commonly left out on the field. This can becomes environmental pollution that may cause pests and plant diseases. Banyuanyar village in Ampel District, Boyolali Regency, Central Java, is a village where the majority of its residents work as coffee plantation farmers and cattle breeders. In this village, the farmers process the waste from coffee production into cattle fodder and use cattle waste as fertilizer for the coffee plantation, thus creating an environmentally friendly and sustainable farming cycle. To disseminate the information about this practice and to provide communicative and educative messages to broader society, this study designed an infographic as a communication media. This media is expected to introduce Banyuanyar Village and its organic waste recycling system, as well as inspire the broader community to practice recycling and sustainable farming practice.
The impact of shell formation duration during manual tempering process on the hardness and melting point of couverture praline chocolate
Authors: Siregar S Z , Saputro A D , Edi  , Fadilah M A N , Susanti D Y , Setiowati A D
Published: June 2023

Praline chocolate usually contains soft fillings such as water-based filling from fruits. The interaction between water in chocolate filling and fat in praline shell formulation is interesting to be studied. Water in the water-based filling may migrate to the chocolate shell and thus influence chocolate quality. The aim of the study was to physically investigate the impact of duration of shell formation during manual tempering process on the characteristics of couverture praline chocolate filled with blueberry filling. The variables used in this study was shell formation duration (10, 15, 20 minutes), and duration of crystal maturation (day 0, 4, 8, 12). Chocolate shell was formulated with sucrose and 34% of fat content. The result showed that the longer the shell formation, the higher the chocolate hardness and particle size. While, chocolate lightness ranged between 25.47 to 27.57.
Chemical properties of vegetable yogurt with addition of amyloproteolytic enzyme Lactobacillus fermentum EN17-2 on storage time
Authors: Khusniati T. , Rahmaulidin F. , Yuningtyas S. , Sulistiani
Published: June 2023

Vegetable yoghurt can be used as an alternative to cow’s milk for consumption by vegetarians and milk drinkers in general This study focused on the chemical properties of vegetable yoghurt with the addition of amyloproteolytic enzyme L. fermentum EN17-2 during storage. The vegetable used were soybean (Sb), mung bean (Mb), oyster mushroom (Om), button mushroom (Bm), and powdered cow”s milk (Pm) as comparison. Storage times were 0, 7,14,21 and 28 days. The activities of α-amylase and protease, reducing sugar, and total acid were tested using the Bernfeld, Horikoshi, Miller and AOAC methods, respectively. Data were analysed statistically using ANOVA. The results showed that the reducing sugar contents of yogurts from Sb, Mb, Om, Bm and Pm with the addition of amyloproteolytic enzyme for 0-28 days ranged from 0.0614-0.1240%, 0.0600-0.0885%, 0.0523-0.0869%, 0.0513-0.0755% and 0.699-1.329%, respectively, (p<0.06). The total acid values of all treatment yogurts with the addition of enzyme were within the Indonesia National Standard (SNI) criteria range with values ranging from 0.5000-0.9600% (p<0.05). Based on reducing sugar and total acid, the properties of Sb yogurt with the addition of amyloproteolytic enzyme L. fermentum EN 17-2 for 0-28 days were closer to that of Pm yogurt than the other three yogurts.
Physicochemical analysis as food safety in pasteurized milk in CV. Cita Nasional
Authors: Aji HP , Nuhriawangsa AMP , Kartikasari LR
Published: June 2023

Milk is an animal-source food that has a high nutritional with contains 2.8% protein, 3.0% fat, vitamin A, B, C, D, and others. CV. Cita Nasional is one of the dairy processing industries that produces pasteurized milk products. The purpose of this study was to analyze food safety by conducting physicochemical testing of pasteurized milk products with the types HTST (High-Temperature Short Time) or LTLT (Low-Temperature Long Time). The research method used was physicochemical testing on the finished product of pasteurized milk including pH, Fat, Total Solid, Brix and Organoleptic. Physicochemical testing was done by comparing the finished product data in CV. Cita Nasional with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) data. The Mann-Whitney Test was used for the data analysis. The results showed a significant value for the variables of temperature 0.565; pH 0.104; Fat 0.001; Total Solid 0.000 and brix 0.000. Based on the data analysis results, the overall significance value was <0.05, which means that the Mann-Whitney Test showed a positive effect on the physicochemical quality and that the physicochemical test of pasteurized milk products meets the requirements of SNI.