bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validity and Reliability of a Snatch Pull Test to Model the Force-Velocity Relationship in Male Elite Weightlifters
Authors: Sandau Ingo , Chaabene Helmi , Granacher Urs
Published: January 2021

Sandau, I, Chaabene, H, and Granacher, U. Validity and reliability of a snatch pull test to model the force-velocity relationship in male elite weightlifters. J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2808–2815, 2022—This study examined the concurrent validity and within-session reliability of parameters describing the force-velocity relationship (FvR) such as maximal force, velocity, power, and the theoretical one repetition maximum snatch performance (snatch
th) during the snatch pull. The FvR was assessed using the multiple-load (FvRm) approach and the 2-load (FvR2) approach. Eight male elite weightlifters from the German national team executed the snatch pull in 2 separate experiments. For the concurrent validity assessment (experiment one), during the snatch pull, 7 loads from 70 to 100% were lifted to compute the FvRm, and 2 loads (70 and 100%) were lifted to compute the FvR2. For the reliability assessment (experiment 2), a test-retest protocol for the FvR2 was conducted. Input FvR parameters were determined from video-based barbell tracking. Results indicated no differences (all p > 0.05; all d ≤ 0.07) and extremely large correlations (all r ≥ 0.91) between the FvRm and FvR2 parameters. The within-session reliability of FvR2 parameters was excellent (all intraclass correlation coefficient ≥0.97; SEM% ≤1.23%). The percentage smallest real difference (SRD95%) of FvR2 parameters ranged between 1.89 and 3.39%. In summary, using the snatch pull to model FvR2 parameters is a valid and reliable approach that can easily be integrated into elite weightlifters' daily training routines.
Beyond COVID-19: Preparing Fitness Centers for the Next Pandemic
Authors: Armstrong William Jeffrey , Dayal Nishu N. , Braun William A.
Published: January 2021

The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has caused governments to institute measures to curb the spread of the virus. Among these were restrictions that affect the daily operations of public gymnasiums, personal training centers, therapy clinics, strength and conditioning facilities, and the like. As the world has seen widespread public health crises with 3 beta-coronaviruses, as well as highly contagious strains of type A influenza (H5N1 and H1N1), in the past 2 decades, operators of fitness facilities are challenged to consider how daily operations will be affected in the wake of COVID-19. This article examines strategies to mitigate the transmission of the virus in fitness facilities, including temperature scanning, physical distancing, masks, hand hygiene, and the disinfection of large spaces and common touch surfaces. Fitness facilities and therapy centers face complex challenges in minimizing the risk of viral transmission due to space limitations and the use of common equipment and spaces by clients. Despite these challenges, the developing science resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic has led to insights that should drive policies to help ensure fitness facilities successfully adapt to the risks presented by these infectious agents.
Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Nervous System
Authors: Hayashi Yasunori , Ford Lenzie K. , Fioriti Luana , McGurk Leeanne , Zhang Mingjie
Published: January 2021

Molecules within cells are segregated into functional domains to form various organelles. While some of those organelles are delimited by lipid membranes demarcating their constituents, others lack a membrane enclosure. Recently, liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) revolutionized our view of how segregation of macromolecules can produce membraneless organelles. While the concept of LLPS has been well studied in the areas of soft matter physics and polymer chemistry, its significance has only recently been recognized in the field of biology. It occurs typically between macromolecules that have multivalent interactions. Interestingly, these features are present in many molecules that exert key functions within neurons. In this review, we cover recent topics of LLPS in different contexts of neuronal physiology and pathology.
Role ofMycProto-Oncogene as a Transcriptional Hub to Regulate the Expression of Regeneration-Associated Genes following Preconditioning Peripheral Nerve Injury
Authors: Shin Hae Young , Kwon Min Jung , Lee Eun Mi , Kim Kyung , Oh Young Joo , Kim Hyung Soon , Hwang Dong Hoon , Kim Byung Gon
Published: January 2021

Preconditioning peripheral nerve injury enhances the intrinsic growth capacity of DRGs sensory axons by inducing transcriptional upregulation of the regeneration-associated genes (RAGs). However, it is still unclear how preconditioning injury leads to the orchestrated induction of many RAGs. The present study identifiedMycproto-oncogene as a transcriptional hub gene to regulate the expression of a distinct subset of RAGs in DRGs following the preconditioning injury. We demonstrated that c-MYC bound to the promoters of certain RAGs, such asJun,Atf3, andSprr1a, and thatMycupregulation following SNI preceded that of the RAGs bound by c-MYC. Marked DNA methylation of theMycexon 3 sequences was implicated in the early transcriptional activation and accompanied by open histone marks.Mycdeletion led to a decrease in the injury-induced expression of a distinct subset of RAGs, which were highly overlapped with the list of RAGs that were upregulated byMycoverexpression. Following dorsal hemisection spinal cord injury in female rats,Mycoverexpression in DRGs significantly prevented the retraction of the sensory axons in a manner dependent on its downstream RAG,June. Our results suggest thatMycplays a critical role in axon regeneration via its transcriptional activity to regulate the expression of a spectrum of downstream RAGs and subsequent effector molecules. Identification of more upstream hub transcription factors and the epigenetic mechanisms specific for individual hub transcription factors would advance our understanding of how the preconditioning injury induces orchestrated upregulation of RAGs.
ÇOĞUNLUK ALGILAMA MEKANİZMASININ İNHİBİSYONUNDA BİTKİSEL MATERYALLERİN KULLANIMI
Authors: GÜNDÜZ Gülten , KORKMAZ VURMAZ Ayça
Published: January 2021

Mikroorganizmaların hücre yoğunluğuna bağlı gen düzenleme sistemi çoğunluk algılama (Quorum Sensing) olarak adlandırılan mekanizma tarafından kontrol edilmektedir. Çoğunluk algılama mekanizması (QS) ekzopolisakkarit üretimi, biyofilm oluşumu ve virülans faktörü gibi popülasyon fizyolojisini düzenleyen fenotipleri kontrol eden mekanizmadır. Son yıllarda gıdaların bozulması ve gıda güvenliği alanlarında QS mekanizmasının rolü üzerine araştırmalar artmıştır. Çoğunluk algılama mekanizmasının inaktivasyonu stratejisine, çoğunluk algılama mekanizmasının inhibisyonu (Quorum Quenching-QQ) adı verilmektedir. Yapılan çalışmalar, QQ mekanizmasının mikrobiyel gelişimin inhibisyonunda önemli bir rol oynadığını ve kimyasal koruyucu yerine gıda güvenliğini arttırmak için alternatif bir strateji olabileceğini göstermiştir. Bitkisel materyaller, mikroorganizmaların gelişimini inhibe edici doğal antimikrobiyel bileşikler içerdikleri için potansiyel QS inhibitörü kaynaklarıdır. Bu derlemede, bitkisel materyaller kullanılarak çoğunluk algılama mekanizmasının inhibisyonu (QQ) stratejilerine odaklanılmıştır.
Thalidomide and its metabolite 5‐hydroxythalidomide induce teratogenicity via the cereblon neosubstrate PLZF
Authors: Yamanaka Satoshi , Murai Hidetaka , Saito Daisuke , Abe Gembu , Tokunaga Etsuko , Iwasaki Takahiro , Takahashi Hirotaka , Takeda Hiroyuki , Suzuki Takayuki , Shibata Norio , Tamura Koji , Sawasaki Tatsuya
Published: January 2021

Thalidomide causes teratogenic effects by inducing protein degradation via cereblon (CRBN)‐containing ubiquitin ligase and modification of its substrate specificity. Human P450 cytochromes convert thalidomide into two monohydroxylated metabolites that are considered to contribute to thalidomide effects, through mechanisms that remain unclear. Here, we report that promyelocytic leukaemia zinc finger (PLZF)/ZBTB16 is a CRBN target protein whose degradation is involved in thalidomide‐ and 5‐hydroxythalidomide‐induced teratogenicity. Using a human transcription factor protein array produced in a wheat cell‐free protein synthesis system, PLZF was identified as a thalidomide‐dependent CRBN substrate. PLZF is degraded by the ubiquitin ligase CRL4CRBN in complex with thalidomide, its derivatives or 5‐hydroxythalidomide in a manner dependent on the conserved first and third zinc finger domains of PLZF. Surprisingly, thalidomide and 5‐hydroxythalidomide confer distinctly different substrate specificities to mouse and chicken CRBN, and both compounds cause teratogenic phenotypes in chicken embryos. Consistently, knockdown of Plzf induces short bone formation in chicken limbs. Most importantly, degradation of PLZF protein, but not of the known thalidomide‐dependent CRBN substrate SALL4, was induced by thalidomide or 5‐hydroxythalidomide treatment in chicken embryos. Furthermore, PLZF overexpression partially rescued the thalidomide‐induced phenotypes. Our findings implicate PLZF as an important thalidomide‐induced CRBN neosubstrate involved in thalidomide teratogenicity.
Postanowienia Soboru Stu Rozdziałów z zakresu teologii praktycznej
Authors:   Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski, Instytut Ekumeniczny, Polska, Wilkiel Karol
Published: January 2021

The article concerns historical conditions of one of the key councils which took place in Russian Orthodox Church. It was convened by Tsar Ivan IV at the beginning of 1551 in Moscow, and it was signed up in history under the name The Stoglavy Synod. The name of the Council follows its decisions – a final document which contained one hundred chapters. This article is the analysis of its decisions, concerning practical theology, as well as problems with conduction of liturgy, faced by the Russian Orthodox Church in 16th century.
Presentación de Signo Distintivo Semillero de investigación Integral Contable SIIC
Authors: Jorge Arturo Bolaños Briceño
Published: January 2021

Este documento da cuenta de la presentación del signo distintivo del semillero de investigación Integral Contable SIIC
Presentación de Signo Distintivo Grupo de investigación GIAUT
Authors: Yasser Farrés Delgado , Fredy Alexander Cabana Fonseca , Lorena Campos Herrera , Harold Eduardo Rojas Leguizamón , Camilo Andres Reyes Pacheco
Published: January 2021

Este documento da cuenta de la Presentación del Signo Distintivo del Grupo de investigación GIAUT
Protein fraction, mineral profile, and chemical compositions of various fiber-based substrates degraded by Pleurotus ostreatus
Authors: Velázquez-De Lucio Brianda Susana , Hernández-Domínguez Edna María , Téllez-Jurado Alejandro , Ayala-Martínez Maricela , Soto-Simental Sergio , Álvarez-Cervantes Jorge
Published: January 2021

The objective of this study was to characterize the substrates after their degradation by P. ostreatus within 60 days of cultivation in four Mexican mushroom-producing companies, in order to use it as a complement feed for ruminants. The acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), protein fraction, and mineral profile were analyzed after degradation. Crude protein (CP) of companies 1 and 4 increased by 6.1% and 6.8%, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). Soluble nitrogen reached 60% relative to un-degraded substrate with 43.8%. Proteins A, B1, and B3 fractions increased compared to controls (p ≤ 0.05) at some companies. The B2 fraction was decreased in all the degraded substrates (p ≤ 0.05), but the C fraction at companies 1, 2, and 3 presented no significant differences with respect to their controls (p ≤ 0.05). Crude fiber (CF), ADF, NDF, and hemicellulose (HC) decreased while dry matter digestibility (DMD) increased to 55.5-58% on degrade substrates. The mineral composition increased disproportionately. The substrate degraded by P. ostreatus by improving its digestibility and soluble protein content may be a low-cost food supplement. However, due to its mineral imbalance, it is not recommended as the sole food source for ruminants.
Distribution of adventive species Solidago canadensis, Phalacroloma annuum, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Heracleum sosnowskyi in phytocenoses of Volyn’ Polissya (Ukraine)
Authors: Oitsius L. V. , Volovyk H. P. , Doletskyі S. P. , Lysytsya A. V.
Published: January 2021

Biological pollution of natural phytocenoses by adventive plant species poses is a serious threat to endemic species and species with narrower ecological amplitude in ecosystems around the world. This study presents the results of a study of the composition and distribution of adventive plant species in natural, semi-natural and anthropogenic transformed phytocenoses of Volyn’ Polissya, Ukraine. To clarify the effect of drainage melioration on non-native flora species distribution, a botanical study was carried out during the 2003–2019 vegetation seasons on the territory of four drainage systems. The adventive flora of this unique region of Europe was studied in detail for the first time. In total, 279 non-native plant species were found. They belong to 110 genera and 32 families. The results of studying the systematic, bioecological, range-distributional and phytogenetic structure of adventive species found within agricultural lands and adjacent territories are presented. It was found that 161 species are associated with agricultural production. Of these, 90 species were found directly within the agricultural land, another 71 species were found growing in the adjacent territories. It was found that a significant increase in the number of adventive species on the territory of Volyn’ Polissya is associated with drainage melioration carried out in the 1960–1990s, significant changes in the structure and forms of agro-industrial production, and climatic changes in recent decades. The expansion of agricultural land in this area over the past 50–60 years has led to an increase in the number of adventive species by more than 60%. On the territory of drainage systems used for agricultural activities, more than 40% of the total species composition of the adventive flora of Volyn’ Polissya is represented. The majority of these species originate from arid and sub arid regions of the planet. The transformer plants, Solidago canadensis L. and Phalacroloma annuum (L.) Dumort pose a potential threat to phytocenoses of the described region, as well as the whole of Europe. Of particular interest are the species that in the future may pose a serious threat to natural phyto-diversity and have negative practical consequences for the structure of agricultural landscapes. These are Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. In general, modern agro ecosystems are characterized by instability and low ability to resist non-native species. The strongly weedy character of cultivated fields and the presence of abandoned uncultivated lands have caused the rapid spread of adventive vegetation. In order to further optimize the structure of agrolandscapes, it is advisable to monitor and regulate not only expansionary invasive species, which is especially important for preventing biological pollution, but also species whose status has not yet been determined.
Patterns of vegetation succession in abandoned fields in semi-arid conditions
Authors: Borovyk L. P.
Published: January 2021

Successions in old fields were studied on the example of the Starobilski steppes within Luhansk Oblast (Ukraine), region located in the basin of the left tributaries of the Siversky Donets, in the southern spurs of the Central Russian Upland. Stationary surveys were conducted in the Striltsivsky Steppe affiliate of the Luhansk Nature Reserve, with 269 ha of old fields (26% of the area) in its territory. Geobotanical releves were performed in 26 plots of abandoned fields, constant monitoring surveys were carried out in 15–27 year-old abandoned fields in the territory of the Reserve and 5–15 year-old abandoned fields in the territory of its buffer zone. In total, the itinerary and detailed surveys were conducted for about 50 plots of abandoned fields. The restoration of the steppe communities was seen only in the plots where grazing and/or mowing took place, which prevented the formation of dense litter and distribution of woody species. The long domination of rhizome grasses (Elytrigia repens) were characteristic in conditions of moderate-level disturbance (in the reserve), transition to the domination of bunchgrasses (Festuca valesiaca) was seen at the age of around 25 years, during the transitional period (20–25 years) communities with unstable structure formed, comprising E. repens, F. valesiaca and forbs (Achillea pannonica and Fragaria viridis). Duration of the stage of segetal and ruderal species in the sites under low effect was 10 years, the communities of unstable structure formed at the age of 5–10 years. In the conditions of stable moderate and high effect of grazing (high disturbance), we observed formation of bunchgrass communities at the age of 15 years. In the unused plots, we saw formation of phytocoenoses of shrubs at different stages of succession, starting from 10 years. The most abundant group of such kind comprised thickets of Ulmus pumila (with E. repens and Poa angustifolia in the herbaceous layer) and Prunus stepposa. The peculiarity of contemporary processes in the abandoned fields related to exacerbation of the vegetation’s anthropogenic transformation is distribution of alien tree species from plantations, the most aggressive of which are Ulmus pumila, Fraxinus lanceolata, Acer negundo, Elaeagnus angustifolia. The peculiarity of the succession processes in the region of studies was the domination of species of broad ecological spectrum, characteristic for abandoned fields of northern forest-steppe regions (Bromopsis inermis, Calamagrostis epigeios, Poa angustifolia, Fragaria viridis) and southern steppe regions (Bromus sguarrosus, Anisantha tectorum, Achillea pannonica, Artemisia austriaca), certain communities form dependent on the climatic conditions and type of land use in the period of succession in particular plots.
Mode of physiological activity of acylcyclohexadione retardants
Authors: Mykhalska L. M. , Makoveychuk T. M. , Schwartau V. V.
Published: January 2021

The key to high productivity of plants, especially cereals, is to control lodging of cereals. Among the derivatives of acylcyclohexadiones (ACHD), highly effective retardants have been invented, which are widely used in modern crop production to control the lodging of cereals, mainly winter wheat, spring and winter wheat, winter, spring and hybrids of barley. The mechanisms of influence of ACHD derivatives – trinexapac-ethyl and prohexadione-Ca on plants and features of their application in technologies of cultivation of cultivated plants are considered. By using a composition of ACHD derivatives with a number of agrochemicals, enhancement of retardant activity is achieved. Given the identified varietal variability of the effectiveness of the use of ACHD derivatives in cereals, it is advisable to conduct registration and post-registration studies primarily on varieties that occupy the largest sown areas in the country. The peculiarities of ACHD derivatives’ influence on stem components as the main one, along with the flag leaf, carbon pool for grain filling in the ear and possible reasons for the lack of productivity increase of grain crops due to ACHD derivatives are also considered. This class of substances continues to be widely studied in the world and remains among the most promising for the development of new agrochemicals and drugs.
Taxonomy of the wild species of genus Crataegus (Rosaceae): An updated review for the flora of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Azerbaijan)
Authors: Ibrahimov A. M. , Matsyura A. V. , Jankowski K.
Published: January 2021

We clarified the current state of genus Crataegus L. in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Azerbaijan) using a comparative analysis of herbarium specimens from the Azarbaijan herbariums and data collected during the expeditions in 2004–2018. We succeed in adding some important data on the flora of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic and Azerbaijan, we also enhanced the previous research with chromosome and morphological analysis. We identified 17 wild species of Crataegus genus in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (C. pentagyna Waldst. et Kit. ex Willd., 1800, C. zangezura Pojark., 1939, C. orientalis Pall. ex Bieb., 1808, C. pojarkoviae Kossych, 1964, C. tournefortii Griseb., 1843, C. szovitsii Pojark., 1939, C. pontica C. Koch, 1853, C. meyeri Pojark., 1939, C. eriantha Pojark., 1939, C. atrosanguinea Pojark., 1939, C. caucasica C. Koch, 1853, C. pallasii Griseb., 1843, C. rhipidophylla Gand. (С. curvisepala Lindm.; C. kyrtostyla Pojark.) 1871, C. pseudoheterophylla Pojark., 1939, C. monogyna Jacq., 1775, C. x armena Pojark., 1939, and C. x cinovskisii Kassumova), which will contribute to five introduced cultural species used in the greenery. We also clarified the status of interserial and intersection hybrids using the chromosome and morphological analysis. The article includes the complete list of Crataegus L. species with information about synonyms of the species, patterns of distribution, habitat, latitude and elevation, flowering and fruiting phenology.
A new locality and the first record of juvenile specimens of the Sashed Catfish, Galeichthys peruvianus Lütken, 1874 (Pisces, Siluriformes, Ariidae), in northern Chile
Authors: Méndez-Abarca Felipe , Mundaca Enrique A. , Pepe-Victoriano Renzo
Published: January 2021

We report the observation of two juvenile specimens of Sashed Catfish, Galeichthys peruvianus Lütken, 1874, south of Arica, Chile, which expands the current known distributional range of the species, by adding a previously unrecorded locality. The importance of the presence of breeding populations in the northern coast of Chile is discussed.
Penghulu sebagai Ujung Tombak Konstruksi Pemikiran Beragama Moderat di Sintang
Authors: Nijo Nijo , Prasojo Zaenuddin Hudi
Published: January 2021

The transnational religious thought of Salafi Wahabi has received a significant response from some Muslims in Sintang City. The response, among others, is marked by the establishment of a Salafi Study Center at Abu Bakr mosque that has influenced some congregations of the surrounding mosques such as al-Amin mosque, Nur Mosque, and al-Muttaqin Mosque in Kampung Ladang area. In addition, another religious thought of Jamaah Tabliqh also gets adherents from the surrounding community in Masuka. They have set up a mosque to accommodate their religious activities. The positive response to the transnational religious thought has also been found in the hinterland of Ketungau Hilir and Tempunak sub-districts in Sintang City area. This work discusses the roles of Penghulu (the official Islamic religious leaders) in Sintang District in responding to the growing of the transnational religious thought. Based on qualitative data and analysis gathered in the field, the work suggests that the marriage administers (the penghulu) have not shown their satisfying performance with well structured programs. In fact, the penghulu sets in a strategic position within the society. They have focused more on marriage counselling as their services to religious guidance to the community. Special programs for spiritual direction with a broader range of materials have not been attracting their attention due to their limited time allocated and facilities available. Therefore, this work recommends that it is urgent to initiate the construction of knowledge that is not easily to be exposed by transnational religious traditions that tend to act radically. The penghulu may better provide insight into Islamic moderation or moderate Islam to the community in the region.
Chinese Migration and Cross-Border Practices in the Russian-Chinese Interaction in the Far East: Four Stages of Intercultural Dialogue
Authors: Zalesskaia Olga V.
Published: January 2021

Russian-Chinese interaction in the Far East covers relations between the two largest world civilizations: Russia and China. One of its most important features is Chinese migration in the Russian Far Eastern (RFE) border region. This article analyzes the role and importance of Chinese migration as an integral component of the Sino-Russian cross-border interactions that has had varied effects over the past century and a half. Chinese migration is an indispensable condition for the emergence and development of cross-border practices in the RFE and the presence and economic activity of Chinese migrants ensures the continued development of forms of cross-border interaction and, in general, the dialogue between the cultures. To substantiate this thesis, systemic and historical-chronological methods are used to analyze a significant amount of factual and statistical material accumulated by historical research in the works of Russian and Chinese historians and social researchers.
Promoting the Socialist Community: Efforts and Effects of the Socialist Camp’s Cultural Diplomacy
Authors: Nagornaia Oksana
Published: January 2021

Based on an analysis of modern Cold War historiography, the article considers current discussions, topics, and perspectives in the chosen research landscape. Taking into account the modern circumstances, the author concludes that in the latest publications, there is a tendency to reconsider the dichotomic model “Sovietisation vs Americanisation” and, instead, take a closer look at the representations of socialism and the structures and actors of cultural diplomacy in Eastern Europe. Referring to propaganda projects of socialist integration and intercultural spaces, the author demonstrates what was specifically socialist about the forms and instruments of representations of the Eastern Bloc, the conflicting spheres of collaboration, and independent initiatives of people’s democracies in the sphere of cultural diplomacy. The author concludes that at the end of the Second World War, the propaganda system in the Soviet Union was integrated into a larger scheme of presenting the world system of socialism where the Eastern European states became symbolically appropriated spaces and promising symbolic resources. The cultural initiatives of the socialist countries of Eastern Europe at the international level testify to the cultural pluralism in the Eastern Bloc. The independent steps the countries of the socialist camp took for self-realisation on the international arena testify to this cultural pluralism. The effectiveness of their symbolic messages was facilitated by the geographical proximity to borders, integration into the contexts of western culture, and better developed information resources. In the article, the author’s own analysis is preceded by a review of materials thematically related to the section of the journal on the cultural diplomacy of socialism. Articles referred to in the study and devoted to the projects of the socialist camp prove the thesis that the Eastern Bloc that emerged during the Cold War and the hybrid identities developed under its influence survived the breakdown of the bipolar order and are important for modern culture.
Ivan the Terrible and Russian Feudalism in the Works of Hungarian and Russian Historians of the Soviet Era
Authors: Halperin Charles J.
Published: January 2021

In his book An Attempt at Microhistoriography (Rus. Опыт микроисториографии), Gyula Szvák, an outstanding Hungarian specialist in Russian history, republishes seven of his earlier articles and presents a previously unpublished eighth article on the Soviet historiography of the key issues of 16th-century Russian history. The articles consider Ivan Peresvetov’s works, reforms and oprichnina between the middle and second half of the sixteenth century; also, they compare the reigns and personalities of Ivan the Terrible and Peter the Great. Additionally, the author explores the personal stories of his mentors, Russian historian Ruslan Skrynnikov and Hungarian József Perényi. The book reviewed presents a kind of panorama of two historiographic traditions of studying the Russian Middle Ages in the Soviet Union and Hungary before the collapse of the communist regime there. The author returns to the peculiarities of Russia’s historical development and comprehension of the concept of “Russian feudalism” and reflects on the fate of historians who were engaged in the study of mediaeval Russia under rigid ideological principles.
Complications of transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA)
Authors: MENDERICO JR GILBERTO MENDES , WEISSENBERG ABRAHÃO LOTHAR , BORBA CLARA MARINHO , SALLANI GIOVANNA MORALES , POY JANAÍNA DE OLIVEIRA
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT The thyroidectomy is the most frequently executed procedure in head and neck surgery. Since its first description by Kocher, the transverse cervical incision has been the main access to the thyroid site, as it provides broad exposure of the central neck compartment. Despite the meticulous suture of the incision, the development of a scar with variable dimensions is unavoidable and, hence, some patients might not agree to the approach, due to this consequence. The transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular access (TOETVA) gains importance as an alternative to the traditional surgery, since it avoids the formation of visible scars. The objective of this study is to develop a systematic review on the currently available literature to evaluate possible complications related to the TOETVA. The systematic review was based on the databases of Medline, Cochrane library, Embase and Scielo/Lilacs, resulting in the selection of six studies, which were compared in regard of the type of study duration of the study and identified complications. Our study showed that TOETVA is related to complications similar to the ones identified in the conventional approach, such as hematoma, seroma, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, hypoparathyroidism, surgical site infection. The TOETVA was associated to a higher risk of thermic injury of the skin and mentual nerve paresthesia. Moreover, it was possible to conclude that TOETVA is a safe procedure for well selected patients, with favorable conditions and concerned about the aesthetic outcome. The risk of complications of the procedure should always be explained to those patients.
Revisional surgery in severe nutritional complications after bariatric surgical procedures: report of four cases from a single institution and review of the literature
Authors: BRAGA JOÃO GABRIEL ROMERO , CONCON MATHEUS MATHEDI , LIMA AMANDA PEREIRA , CALLEJAS GUILHERME HOVERTER , MACEDO ARY DE CASTRO , CÂNDIDO ELAINE CRISTINA , CHAIM FELIPE DAVID MENDONÇA , UTRINI MURILLO PIMENTEL , GESTIC MARTINHO ANTÔNIO , RAMOS ALMINO CARDOSO , CAZZO EVERTON , CHAIM ELINTON ADAMI
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction: bariatric surgery is currently the only treatment that leads to long-term and sustained weight loss and decreased morbidity and mortality in morbidly obese individuals. Roux-en-Y bypass causes weight loss by restricting food intake associated with reduced intestinal absorption, in addition to multiple endocrine and satiogenic effects. Biliopancreatic diversion promotes weight loss mainly due to poor absorption of the nutrients ingested. Both procedures exclude parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Objective: to describe four cases of revisional surgery after primary bariatric surgery, due to serious nutritional complications, and to review the literature regarding this subject. Methods: a retrospective analysis of patients of Unicamps bariatric center database and review of the literatures were performed. Results: four patients were identified, 2 women and 2 men, with a mean age of 48 years. The mean body mass index before revisional surgery was 23.7 kg/m2. Three patients underwent Scopinaro biliopancreatic diversion, and onde patient underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The revisional surgeries were revision, conversion, and reversion. One patient died. For the review of the literature 12 articles remained (11 case reports and 1 case series). Another five important original articles were included. Conclusion: fortunately, revision surgery is rarely necessary, but when indicated it has increased morbidity, It can be revision, reverion or conversion according to the severity of the patient and the primary surgery performed.
Espiritualidad, Nueva Era y religión: un abordaje etnográfico de categorías en fricción
Authors: Gracia Agustina
Published: January 2021

Resumen: En este trabajo me propongo, en primer lugar, abordar los posibles vínculos y yuxtaposiciones entre las escurridizas categorías espiritualidad y “Nueva Era”, esbozando definiciones y recurriendo a la bibliografía sobre el tema. En segundo lugar, desde una metodología etnográfica, exploro las tensiones entre las categorías de espiritualidad y religión retomando críticamente el discurso de una serie de practicantes espirituales que podríamos caracterizar como pertenecientes al circuito de la Nueva Era de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires y el conurbano bonaerense. Por último, oriento las reflexiones finales partiendo del diálogo entre el material de campo y aportes teóricos sobre las relaciones entre ambas categorías, incorporando una mirada contextualizada que cuestione lecturas analíticas excesivamente influenciadas por la mirada emic sobre el fenómeno.
A alma como problema público: espiritualidade e saúde no contexto dos EUA
Authors: de Paula Leandro
Published: January 2021

Resumo: O artigo busca avançar uma genealogia para o recente êxito discursivo das relações entre espiritualidade e saúde. Argumento que, mesmo sendo verificável hoje em diversos contextos epistemológicos, clínicos e institucionais, importantes vínculos entre essas noções foram selados por particularidades da cena norte-americana nos anos 2000. As fontes investigadas incluem material de imprensa, obras de divulgação científica e documentos de órgãos públicos e privados, além de entrevistas. Partindo delas, demonstro a incidência do tema na mídia e no mercado editorial, debato a realidade do financiamento a esse ramo de pesquisa e sondo as especificidades culturais e políticas que viabilizaram a produção da espiritualidade como fator de saúde.
Secularização, laicidade e espaço público: como pensar a política contemporânea brasileira à luz da religião?
Authors: Tanaka Marcela
Published: January 2021

Resumo: Este artigo discute os limites e usos dos conceitos de secularização, laicidade e espaço público aplicados à política contemporânea brasileira. Analisamos discursos, qualitativamente, feitos por atores políticos durante debates televisivos, posicionamentos públicos e publicações em redes sociais. Descobrimos que figuras públicas conservadoras tendem a mobilizar e interpretar a laicidade com base no argumento de representação de interesses na legitimação da presença religiosa no Estado. Por outro lado, os atores progressistas defendem a separação entre Estado e religião, conferindo uma competência privada à fé. Por fim, atentamos para o fato de que o debate sobre essas noções precisa considerar a forma como os atores as mobilizam, dado que a definição destes termos varia conforme seus interesses e projetos.
La nueva canción evangélica (1986-2012): la influencia de Marcos Witt en la música y los músicos evangélicos
Authors: Vélez-Caro Constanza , Mansilla Miguel Ángel
Published: January 2021

Resumen: Se describen los elementos que hicieron de Marcos Witt, uno de los músicos evangélicos más relevantes en el desarrollo de lo que aquí denominamos “la nueva canción evangélica”. Igualmente, se expone cómo su producción musical, asociada al contexto del fenómeno evangélico, y de la globalización de la industria musical, influyó en el surgimiento de recursos musicales característicos del movimiento. Los que permearon al pentecostalismo clásico e influyeron en el fenómeno neopentecostal. Fue utilizada una metodología cualitativa de estudio de caso, con relevamiento de fuentes primarias y secundarias sobre el tema, junto con entrevistas a locutores de radios evangélicas de la década de 1990. Y como elemento adicional, se analizaron letras de canciones. Se concluirá la importancia de Marcos Witt en la nueva canción evangélica, como promotor del neopentecostalismo en lo referido a la industria musical.
Adiantum (Pteridaceae) in Brazil: Key to the species and illustrations
Authors: Prado Jefferson , Hirai Regina Y.
Published: January 2021

Abstract: Adiantum is a Pantropical genus of ferns, monophyletic, and has about 225 species. It can be recognized by the indusia with veins, bearing sporangia directly on the underside of its reflexed tissue. About 110 species occur in the Neotropical region and 65 of them are reported to Brazil. Among them, 64 are native species and occur mainly in the Amazon Rainforest, Caatinga, Central Brazilian Savanna, and in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. Among the species that occur in Brazil, 16 are endemic and they represent 25% of the total. This paper presents a key to identify the 63 native species of Adiantum in Brazil, excluding the hybrid one. Illustrations of some morphological features, as well as of all species are also presented to help in the process of identification.
Prevalência de mordida aberta e fatores associados em pré-escolares de Salvador-BA em 2019
Authors: CARVALHO Amanda Araújo de , ALMEIDA Tatiana Frederico de , CANGUSSU Maria Cristina Teixeira
Published: January 2021

Resumo Introdução A mordida aberta anterior é um dos tipos de má-oclusão mais frequentes em pré-escolares, sendo considerada um dos problemas oclusais mais difíceis de tratar, principalmente por sua etiologia multifatorial e sua íntima relação com hábitos bucais deletérios. Objetivo Identificar a prevalência de mordida aberta anterior nos pré-escolares de Salvador-BA, bem como fatores potencialmente associados à mesma. Material e método Trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal em 1.577 crianças em idade pré-escolar (36 a 71 meses), que frequentavam creches públicas municipais de Salvador-BA. Resultado A média de idade das crianças foi aproximadamente 54 meses. A maioria pertencia ao sexo masculino (50,29%). A população de estudo foi predominantemente composta por negros e pardos (92,02%). A prevalência de má-oclusão foi de 40,46% e, destes, 14,02% possuíam mordida aberta. Com relação à escolaridade, a maior parte das mães (55,86%) e dos pais (50,08%) foi igual ou superior ao Ensino Fundamental II Completo. A sucção digital foi comum em 6,73% das crianças e 10,39% faziam sucção de chupeta. Foram identificados, como fatores de proteção à mordida aberta, a escolaridade do pai maior ou igual ao Ensino Fundamental II completo (RP= 0,62 IC= 0,41-0,95) e a onicofagia (RP= 0,34 IC= 0,21-0,56). Como fatores de risco, identificaram-se o uso de chupeta (RP= 17,98 IC= 10,91-29,62) e a sucção digital (RP= 11,04 IC= 6,0-20,32). Conclusão Medidas educativas direcionadas aos pais e responsáveis se fazem essenciais para a prevenção do desenvolvimento de hábitos deletérios nos pré-escolares. Outros estudos são necessários a fim de aprofundar o entendimento sobre os fatores de proteção identificados neste estudo.
Diretivas antecipadas de vontade: proposta de instrumento único
Authors: Pittelli Sergio Domingos , Oliveira Reinaldo Ayer de , Nazareth Janice Caron
Published: January 2021

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é refletir sobre as características e finalidades do documento de diretivas antecipadas de vontade do paciente. Conclui-se que tal documento deve ter formato único, que reflita a generalidade dos termos da Resolução 1.805/2006 do Conselho Federal de Medicina, e que sua principal finalidade é fortalecer a sensação de segurança jurídica do profissional médico. Por fim, destaca-se que, ainda que se considerem as determinações escritas, prevalecerá o entendimento entre paciente e equipe.
Viver na rua: vulnerações e a bioética da proteção
Authors: Cruz Jane da Rocha , Taquette Stella Regina
Published: January 2021

Resumo Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar como vivem pessoas em situação de rua em município de grande porte, as vulnerações que sofrem e alternativas para mudar de condição. Foi utilizado método qualitativo, mediante observação participante e entrevistas com indivíduos em situação de rua que exercem algum tipo de trabalho. A análise dos dados foi organizada em três categorias: “chegada na rua”, “viver na rua” e “saída da rua”. Foram entrevistados 11 homens e 2 mulheres, com entre 23 e 58 anos de idade. Os motivos que os levaram à rua se relacionam ao rompimento de vínculos familiares, consumo abusivo de drogas e desemprego. Essas pessoas vivenciam vulnerações diversas que, somadas à falta de perspectiva de emprego, dificultam a mudança de sua situação. Diante disso, este trabalho propõe que a bioética da proteção é estratégia possível de cuidado, pois oferece suporte com equidade e promove a autonomia dos indivíduos.
Panorama de pesquisas com seres humanos sobre covid-19 no Brasil
Authors: Castro-Silva Igor Iuco , Maciel Jacques Antonio Cavalcante
Published: January 2021

Resumo A pandemia de covid-19 desafia instituições de pesquisa pela urgência de responder à morbimortalidade provocada pelo vírus. O objetivo deste estudo foi traçar panorama das pesquisas com humanos sobre essa doença no primeiro trimestre de 2020 no Brasil. Dados oficiais de saúde da população e de protocolos de pesquisa sobre a covid-19, distribuídos por estados brasileiros, subsidiaram a análise temporal. Houve crescimento exponencial da incidência do vírus, principalmente nas regiões Norte e Nordeste, apesar da difusão discreta, lenta e assimétrica das pesquisas, concentradas no Sudeste. Os poucos ensaios clínicos entraram na Fase II. A distribuição geográfica de comitês de ética em pesquisa, instituições de ensino superior, investimentos em ciência e tecnologia e unidades assistenciais básicas e hospitalares gera vulnerabilidades estaduais para enfrentar a doença. Acompanhamento longitudinal atento deve ser realizado diante das iniquidades regionais, em defesa dos preceitos bioéticos e da vida humana.
Repercussões dos cuidados paliativos pediátricos: revisão integrativa
Authors: Pinho Amanda Andrade Aguiar de , Nascimento Isabel Regiane Cardoso do , Ramos Igor Weyber da Silva , Alencar Vanilla Oliveira
Published: January 2021

Resumo O artigo visa discutir os efeitos dos serviços de cuidados paliativos pediátricos sobre a instituição hospitalar e a qualidade de vida de pacientes e seus familiares. Para isso, o texto traz resultados de revisão integrativa de literatura que considerou 14 artigos publicados de 2013 a 2018. Nos estudos analisados sobressaíram os seguintes aspectos: eficácia dos cuidados paliativos pediátricos; diminuição dos custos hospitalares após a implantação do serviço; importância da equipe interdisciplinar; necessidades educacionais dos profissionais da saúde; e impacto na qualidade de vida de pacientes e familiares. Conclui-se que os cuidados paliativos pediátricos proporcionam cuidado transversal e devem ser reconhecidos como serviço especializado e indispensável para pacientes pediátricos com doenças incuráveis.
Vacinação no Brasil: reflexão bioética sobre acessibilidade
Authors: Moura Elisa Coutinho , Santos Camila Rezende dos , Atzingen Dênia Amélia Novato Castelli von , Mendonça Adriana Rodrigues dos Anjos
Published: January 2021

Resumo As vacinas têm grande influência na saúde pública por sua efetividade e relação custo-benefício favorável. Entretanto, com o surgimento de novos imunizantes indisponíveis na rede pública, torna-se necessário discutir o acesso da sociedade em geral. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar o significado da vacinação para profissionais e população, assim como abordar a questão do acesso à imunização fora da rede pública de saúde, enfatizando a vulnerabilidade social. Foram entrevistados médicos e cidadãos leigos, e os dados foram analisados a partir de metodologia qualitativa exploratória e do discurso do sujeito coletivo. O sistema vacinal brasileiro foi entendido pelos entrevistados como bom de maneira geral, sendo as principais críticas voltadas à falta de informações e insumos. Quanto ao acesso, os dados sugerem correlação com fatores econômicos, abrindo espaço para discussões bioéticas sobre a vulnerabilidade social da maior parte da população, que não tem condições de pagar por essas imunizações.
Influence of the growth pattern on cortical bone thickness and mini-implant stability
Authors: Menezes Carolina Carmo de , Barros Sérgio Estelita , Tonello Diego Luiz , Aliaga-Del Castillo Aron , Garib Daniela , Bellini-Pereira Silvio Augusto , Janson Guilherme
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction: Controversial reports suggest a relationship between growth pattern and cortical alveolar bone thickness, and its effect in the use of mini-implants. Objective: The main purpose of this study was to assess the influence of the growth pattern on the cortical alveolar bone thickness and on the stability and success rate of mini-implants. Methods: Fifty-six mini-implants were inserted in the buccal region of the maxilla of 30 patients. These patients were allocated into two groups, based on their growth pattern (horizontal group [HG] and vertical group [VG]). Cortical thickness was measured using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Stability of mini-implants, soft tissue in the insertion site, sensitivity during loading and plaque around the mini-implants were evaluated once a month. Intergroup comparisons were performed using t tests, Mann-Whitney tests, and Fisher exact tests. Correlations were evaluated with Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: The cortical bone thickness was significantly greater in the HG at the maxillary labial anterior region and at the mandibular buccal posterior and labial anterior regions. There was a significant negative correlation between Frankfort-mandibular plane angle (FMA) and the labial cortical thickness of the maxilla, and with the labial and lingual cortical bone thicknesses of the mandible. No significant intergroup difference was found for mini-implant mobility and success rate. No associated factor influenced stability of the mini-implants. Conclusions: Growth pattern affects the alveolar bone cortical thickness in specific areas of the maxilla and mandible, with horizontal patients presenting greater cortical bone thickness. However, this fact may have no influence on the stability and success rate of mini-implants in the maxillary buccal posterior region.
Artificial Intelligence for Social Impact: Learning and Planning in the Data‐to‐Deployment Pipeline
Authors: Perrault Andrew , Fang Fei , Sinha Arunesh , Tambe Milind
Published: January 2021

With the maturing of artificial intelligence (AI) and multiagent systems research, we have a tremendous opportunity to direct these advances toward addressing complex societal problems. In pursuit of this goal of AI for social impact, we as AI researchers must go beyond improvements in computational methodology; it is important to step out in the field to demonstrate social impact. To this end, we focus on the problems of public safety and security, wildlife conservation, and public health in low‐resource communities, and present research advances in multiagent systems to address one key cross‐cutting challenge: how to effectively deploy our limited intervention resources in these problem domains. We present case studies from our deployments around the world as well as lessons learned that we hope are of use to researchers who are interested in AI for social impact. In pushing this research agenda, we believe AI can indeed play an important role in fighting social injustice and improving society.