bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possible heterogeneous chemistry of hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) in northern China winter haze
Authors: Song Shaojie , Gao Meng , Xu Weiqi , Sun Yele , Worsnop Douglas R. , Jayne John T. , Zhang Yuzhong , Zhu Lei , Li Mei , Zhou Zhen , Cheng Chunlei , Lv Yibing , Wang Ying , Peng Wei , Xu Xiaobin , Lin Nan , Wang Yuxuan , Wang Shuxiao , Munger J. William , Jacob Daniel J. , McElroy Michael B.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The chemical mechanisms responsible for rapid sulfate production, an important
driver of winter haze formation in northern China, remain unclear. Here, we
propose a potentially important heterogeneous hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS)
chemical mechanism. Through analyzing field measurements with aerosol mass
spectrometry, we show evidence for a possible significant existence in haze
aerosols of organosulfur primarily as HMS, misidentified as sulfate in
previous observations. We estimate that HMS can account for up to about
one-third of the sulfate concentrations unexplained by current air quality
models. Heterogeneous production of HMS by SO2 and formaldehyde is
favored under northern China winter haze conditions due to high aerosol water
content, moderately acidic pH values, high gaseous precursor levels, and low
temperature. These analyses identify an unappreciated importance of
formaldehyde in secondary aerosol formation and call for more research on
sources and on the chemistry of formaldehyde in northern China winter.
First measurement of atmospheric mercury species in Qomolangma Natural Nature Preserve, Tibetan Plateau, and evidence oftransboundary pollutant invasion
Authors: Lin Huiming , Tong Yindong , Yin Xiufeng , Zhang Qianggong , Zhang Hui , Zhang Haoran , Chen Long , Kang Shichang , Zhang Wei , Schauer James , de Foy Benjamin , Bu Xiaoge , Wang Xuejun
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Located in the world's “third pole” and a remote region
connecting the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate, Qomolangma National
Nature Preserve (QNNP) is an ideal region to study the long-range transport
of atmospheric pollutants. In this study, gaseous elemental mercury (GEM),
gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) and particle-bound mercury (PBM) were
continuously measured during the Indian monsoon transition period in QNNP. A
slight increase in the GEM concentration was observed from the period preceding the
Indian summer monsoon (1.31±0.42 ng m−3) to the Indian
summer monsoon period (1.44±0.36 ng m−3), while significant
decreases were observed in the GOM and PBM concentrations, with concentrations
decreasing from 35.2±18.6 to 19.3±10.9 pg m−3 (p < 0.001) for GOM and from 30.5±12.5 to 24.9±19.8 pg m−3
(p < 0.001) for PBM. A unique daily pattern was
observed in QNNP with respect to the GEM concentration,
with a peak value before sunrise and a low value at noon.
Relative to the (low) GEM concentrations, GOM concentrations (with a mean value
of 21.4±13.4 pg m−3, n=1239) in this region were relatively
high compared with the measured values in some other regions of China. A
cluster analysis indicated that the air masses transported to QNNP changed
significantly at different stages of the monsoon, and the major potential mercury
(Hg) sources shifted from northern India and western Nepal to eastern Nepal and Bangladesh.
As there is a large area covered in glaciers in QNNP, local glacier
winds could increase the transboundary transport of pollutants and transport
polluted air masses to the Tibetan Plateau. The atmospheric Hg concentration
in QNNP in the Indian summer monsoon period was influenced by transboundary
Hg flows. This highlights the need for a more specific identification of Hg
sources impacting QNNP and underscores the importance of international
cooperation regarding global Hg controls.
Simultaneous in situ measurements of small-scale structures in
neutral, plasma, and atomic oxygen densities during WADIS
sounding rocket project
Authors: Strelnikov Boris , Eberhart Martin , Friedrich Martin , Hedin Jonas , Khaplanov Mikhail , Baumgarten Gerd , Williams Bifford P. , Staszak Tristan , Asmus Heiner , Strelnikova Irina , Latteck Ralph , Grygalashvyly Mykhaylo , Lübken Franz-Josef , Höffner Josef , Wörl Raimund , Gumbel Jörg , Löhle Stefan , Fasoulas Stefanos , Rapp Markus , Barjatya Aroh , Taylor Michael J. , Pautet Pierre-Dominique
Published: February 2019

Abstract. In this paper we present an overview of measurements conducted during the WADIS-2 rocket campaign. We investigate the effect of small-scale processes like gravity waves and turbulence on the distribution of atomic oxygen and other species in the MLT region. Our analysis suggests that density fluctuations of atomic oxygen are coupled to fluctuations of other constituents, i.e., plasma and neutrals. Our measurements show that all measured quantities, including winds, densities, and temperatures, reveal signatures of both waves and turbulence. We show observations of gravity wave saturation and breakdown together with simultaneous measurements of generated turbulence. Atomic oxygen inside turbulence layers shows two different spectral behaviors, which might imply change of its diffusion properties.
An improved pixel-based water vapor tomography model
Authors: Yao Yibin , Xin Linyang , Zhao Qingzhi
Published: February 2019

Abstract. As an innovative use of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), the GNSS
water vapor tomography technique shows great potential in monitoring
three-dimensional water vapor variation. Most of the previous studies employ
the pixel-based method, i.e., dividing the troposphere space into finite
voxels and considering water vapor in each voxel as constant. However, this
method cannot reflect the variations in voxels and breaks the continuity of
the troposphere. Moreover, in the pixel-based method, each voxel needs a
parameter to represent the water vapor density, which means that huge numbers
of parameters are needed to represent the water vapor field when the
interested area is large and/or the expected resolution is high. In order to
overcome the abovementioned problems, in this study, we propose an improved
pixel-based water vapor tomography model, which uses layered optimal
polynomial functions obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range
Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) by adaptive training for water vapor retrieval.
Tomography experiments were carried out using the GNSS data collected from
the Hong Kong Satellite Positioning Reference Station Network (SatRef) from
25 March to 25 April 2014 under different scenarios. The tomographic results
are compared to the ECMWF data and validated by the radiosonde. Results show
that the new model outperforms the traditional one by reducing the
root-mean-square error (RMSE), and this improvement is more pronounced, at
5.88 % in voxels without the penetration of GNSS rays. The improved model
also has advantages in more convenient expression.
Mass-conserving coupling of total column CO2 (XCO2) from global to mesoscale models: Case study with CMS-Flux inversion system and WRF-Chem (v3.6.1)
Authors: Butler Martha P. , Lauvaux Thomas , Feng Sha , Liu Junjie , Bowman Kevin W. , Davis Kenneth J.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Quantifying the uncertainty of inversion-derived fluxes and attributing the uncertainty to errors in either flux or transport continue to be challenges in the characterization of surface sources and sinks of carbon dioxide (CO2). It is also not clear if fluxes inferred in a coarse-resolution global system will remain optimal in a higher-resolution modeling environment. Here we present an off-line coupling of the mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to optimized biogenic CO2 fluxes and mole fractions from the global Carbon Monitoring System inversion system (CMS-Flux). The coupling framework consists of methods to constrain the mass of CO2 introduced into WRF, effectively nesting our North American domain within the global model. We test the coupling by simulating Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) column-averaged dry-air mole fractions (XCO2) over North American for 2010. We find mean model-model differences in summer of ~ 0.12 ppm. While 85 % of the XCO2 values are due to long-range transport from outside our North American domain, most of the model-model differences appear to be due to transport differences in the fraction of the troposphere below 850 hPa. The framework methods can be used to couple other global model inversion results to WRF for further study using different boundary layer and transport parameterizations.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL RECORDING AND PHOTOREALISTIC MODEL RECONSTRUCTION FOR VIRTUAL MUSEUM APPLICATION – AN EXPERIENCE IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Wei O. C. , Majid Z. , Setan H. , Ariff M. F. M. , Idris K. M. , Darwin N. , Yusoff A. R. , Zainuddin K.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. In recent years, museums are utilizing the ability of virtual reality (VR) technologies to visualize their collections in three-dimensional (3D) environment. The demands for 3D digitization of cultural heritage have increase greatly to facilitate the development of virtual museum. Among the available techniques, the use of laser scanning for digital recording and 3D reproduction of the heritage sites and archaeological artefacts are technically more reliable due to its rapid and high resolution data capture. However, the suitable 3D laser scanners used greatly depend on the level of details and size of an object. This research used medium and close-range type of laser scanners to digitally record the heritage objects. The aim of this research was to develop methodology framework for digital recording and 3D reproduction of archaeological artefact and heritage sites in Malaysia by using terrestrial laser scanning technology. Besides, this research focused on the reconstruction of photorealistic 3D models based on the colour information yield by close-range photogrammetry. The colour descriptions were obtained either by built-in camera or externally integrated camera on the laser scanner. For better colour descriptions, external images were captured by independent Nikon D300s digital camera. The geometric model accuracy of A’Famosa and terracotta Buddha statuette was in 5 mm and 0.41 mm respectively. 3D flythrough animation was rendered by using the coloured point clouds model. The development of 3D Virtual Walkthrough Museum (3DVWM) utilized the 3D PDF document and SCENE WebShare platform to offer realistic visualization experience to the visitors where the reality-based models could be manipulate in 3D geometric aspects and use of metric analysis. Thus, 3DVWM can facilitate the virtual museum application in Malaysia and enable wider visitors to virtually appreciate the cultural heritage in Malaysia. Thus, this indirectly stimulates the tourism industry in our country.
FROM SURVEY TO MODEL, AND RETURN. THE CASE OF THE PARMA BAPTISTERY
Authors: Zerbi A. , Mikolajewska S.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Although this is not always the common practice, the survey should be an essential preliminary stage to any operation of restoration, enhancement and promotion of cultural heritage. Today, various surveying techniques make it possible to collect large amounts of data quickly and to provide a complete three-dimensional representation of extremely complex artefacts. In fact, 3D models allow a much richer description than traditional 2D representations. However, these survey techniques (laser scanner and photogrammetry above all) necessarily imply that the data that must be elaborated during the processing phase increase dramatically. It is therefore essential to identify methods and workflows that allow to find a compromise between the richness and completeness of the survey data and the problems inherent in the costs and times of execution of the modelling operations. The problem is further heightened by the fact that the importance of historical monumental architecture inevitably requires the use of different techniques integrated with each other, the production of documentation at different scales with different levels of detail and the creation of a 3D model that has the ability to be used for different purposes. This paper describes the survey of one of the most important medieval monuments in northern Italy, the Parma Baptistery, with a special focus on the phase of data restitution. The integrated survey campaigns conducted in recent years have aimed to describe the building in its totality: from the scale of the architecture to the detail, passing through the description of the pictorial cycle that characterizes the interior. This case study represents a moment of reflection, at least for those who wrote it, on the validity of the methods and techniques to be used for the creation of a complete 3D model of a complex historical monument.
Global glacier volume projections under high-end climate change scenarios
Authors: Shannon Sarah , Smith Robin , Wiltshire Andy , Payne Tony , Huss Matthias , Betts Richard , Caesar John , Koutroulis Aris , Jones Darren , Harrison Stephan
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The Paris agreement aims to hold global warming to well below 2 ∘C and
to pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5 ∘C relative to the pre-industrial
period. Recent estimates based on population growth and intended carbon
emissions from participant countries suggest global warming may exceed this
ambitious target. Here we present glacier volume projections for the end of
this century, under a range of high-end climate change scenarios, defined as
exceeding +2 ∘C global average warming relative to the pre-industrial
period. Glacier volume is modelled by developing an elevation-dependent mass
balance model for the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES). To do
this, we modify JULES to include glaciated and unglaciated surfaces that
can exist at multiple heights within a single grid box. Present-day mass
balance is calibrated by tuning albedo, wind speed, precipitation, and
temperature lapse rates to obtain the best agreement with observed mass
balance profiles. JULES is forced with an ensemble of six Coupled Model
Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models, which were downscaled using
the high-resolution HadGEM3-A atmosphere-only global climate model. The
CMIP5 models use the RCP8.5 climate change scenario and were selected on the
criteria of passing 2 ∘C global average warming during this century. The
ensemble mean volume loss at the end of the century plus or minus 1 standard
deviation is -64±5 % for all glaciers excluding those on the
peripheral of the Antarctic ice sheet. The uncertainty in the multi-model
mean is rather small and caused by the sensitivity of HadGEM3-A to the
boundary conditions supplied by the CMIP5 models. The regions which lose
more than 75 % of their initial volume by the end of the century are
Alaska, western Canada and the US, Iceland, Scandinavia, the Russian Arctic, central
Europe, Caucasus, high-mountain Asia, low latitudes, southern Andes, and New
Zealand. The ensemble mean ice loss expressed in sea level equivalent
contribution is 215.2±21.3 mm. The largest contributors to sea level
rise are Alaska (44.6±1.1 mm), Arctic Canada north and south (34.9±3.0 mm), the Russian Arctic (33.3±4.8 mm), Greenland (20.1±4.4), high-mountain Asia (combined central Asia, South Asia east and west),
(18.0±0.8 mm), southern Andes (14.4±0.1 mm), and Svalbard (17.0±4.6 mm). Including parametric uncertainty in the calibrated mass
balance parameters gives an upper bound global volume loss of 281.1 mm
of sea level equivalent by the end of the century. Such large ice losses will
have inevitable consequences for sea level rise and for water supply in
glacier-fed river systems.
Seenku argument-head tone sandhi: Allomorph selection in a cyclic grammar
Authors: McPherson Laura
Published: February 2019

Seenku (Mande, Burkina Faso) displays a complex tone sandhi system, sensitive to phonological, morphological, and syntactic structure. In this paper, I argue that the opaque, phonetically unnatural alternations are best accounted for in an allomorph selection approach, following work by Tsay and Myers (1996), Zhang and Lai (2008), and others on Taiwanese Southern Min sandhi. In this model, lexical entries contain multiple surface allomorphs along with subcategorization frames, and forms that follow the same pattern are abstracted into increasingly general lexical templates or schemas. Morphology is post-syntactic, with syntactic structure matched with lexical entries, along the lines of Distributed Morphology (Halle and Marantz 1993; Embick and Noyer 2007), but with a richer generative lexicon, as in Construction Morphology (Booij 2010b) or analogical approaches to word formation (e.g. Bybee 1995). The domains of application and the interaction of tone sandhi with both itself and other morphotonological processes point to the need for cyclic application, which I implement using phase-based spell out (Uriagereka 1999; Chomsky 2000). This approach allows for productive extension of the patterns without recourse to an overly complicated phonological component.
Increased Pulmonary Complications Associated with Intramedullary Fixation of Intertrochanteric Fractures: An Analysis of 13,276 Hips
Authors: Heckmann Nathanael , Hill J. Ryan , Vakhshori Venus , McKnight Braden , Mostofi Amir , Davis Jason , Hatch George “Rick” , Marecek Geoffrey
Published: February 2019

Introduction:

Intramedullary devices are being used more frequently to treat intertrochanteric (IT) femur fractures but without clear benefit in several clinical trials. This study determines differences in complication rates in patients with IT fractures treated with intramedullary versus extramedullary devices.

Methods:

Using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, patients aged ≥55 years with an isolated IT fracture and an American Society of Anesthesiologists score of <5 were identified. Thirty-day mortality and perioperative complications were assessed.

Results:

Extramedullary fixation was performed in 4,392 patients, whereas 8,884 underwent intramedullary fixation. Intramedullary fixation was associated with increased 30-day mortality (odds ratio [OR], 1.18; P = 0.038), ventilator use (OR, 1.57; P = 0.004), transfusion (OR, 1.12; P < 0.001), and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (OR, 1.45; P = 0.032). Mean postoperative hospital stay was 1 day shorter for the intramedullary group (P < 0.001). After multivariate analysis, ventilator use (OR, 1.59), DVT (OR, 1.44), and transfusion (OR, 1.15) were more common with intramedullary fixation group.

Discussion:

Intramedullary fixation for IT fractures was associated with an increased risk of pulmonary complications, DVT, and transfusion. Further randomized controlled studies are required to determine the relative safety of intramedullary versus extramedullary implants.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, therapeutic, retrospective comparative study
The Investors Reaction to the Disclosure of Key Audit Matters: Empirical Evidence from Jordan
Authors: Fayad Altawalbeh Mohammad Abdullah , Alhajaya Mohammad Eid Sleem
Published: February 2019

This study aims to examine the investors reaction to the disclosure of key audit matters (KAMs) as mandated by ISA701, the study’s sample consisted of all the (195) public shareholding companies listed in Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) as at the end of 2017, and through which we have conducted a manual content analysis to tracing the auditor practices in reporting KAMs, the final sample consisted of (128) public shareholding companies and for which we used the event study test to examine the study hypothesis, results revealed that the disclosure of KAMs has significantly affected the investors decisions measured by the abnormal trading volume, Our findings suggest that the mandating of KAM’s disclosure has informational value to the investors.
Confédération Paysannes: grensoverschrijdend jurisprudentieel actualiseren van de Richtlijn inzake de doelbewuste introductie van genetisch gemodificeerde organismen in het milieu?
Authors: Somsen J.
Published: February 2019

Confédération Paysannes: grensoverschrijdend jurisprudentieel actualiseren van de Richtlijn inzake de doelbewuste introductie van genetisch gemodificeerde organismen in het milieu?

In Confédération paysannes oordeelde het Hof dat mutagenesetechnieken ontwikkeld na het vaststellen van de doelbewuste introductie van GGO Richtlijn, waaronder bijvoorbeeld CRISPR/CAS9, binnen de werkingssfeer van de GGO Richtlijn vallen. Tegelijkertijd concludeerde het dat de uitzondering voor GGO’s verkregen door ‘mutagenese’, vervat in Annex I B, niet geldt voor deze nieuwe technieken, en daarom aan een risicobeoordeling moeten worden onderworpen. Deze oudere en zich als veilig bewezen GGO’s mogen volgens het Hof van Justitie echter wel aan nadere nationale regels worden onderworpen (partiële harmonisatie). De resulterende uitbreiding van de reikwijdte van deze kaderrichtlijn naar GGO’s verkregen door gerichte mutagenese heeft repercussies voor alle wetgeving waarin het begrip ‘GGO’ centraal staat.

HvJ 25 juli 2018, zaak C-528/16, Confédération paysanne, Réseau Semences Paysannes, Les Amis de la Terre Frane, Collectif Vigilance OGM et pesticides 16, Vigilance OG2M, CSFV49, OGM daners, Vigilance OGM 33, Fédération Nature et Progrès/Premier ministre, Ministre de l’Agriculture, de Agroalimentaire et de la Forêt, ECLI:EU:C:2018:538.
O tempo de atividade física, a percepção da dimensão e imagem corporal é alterado após a menarca de meninas de alto nível sócio econômico?
Authors: Rica Roberta Luksevicius , Gama Eliane Florencio
Published: February 2019

Introdução: A menarca é um marco decisivo sobretudo por provocar inúmeras alterações biológicas. Objetivo: verificar a influencia da menarca na percepção da dimensão e da imagem corporal. Métodos: trinta e oito meninas analisadas antes e a após a menarca. Foram utilizados como parâmetros de avaliação parâmetros antropométricos e as percepções da dimensão e imagem corporal. Resultados: diferenças significativas (p0,05) foram encontradas nos parâmetros antropométricos e no tempo semanal de atividade física. Considerando a percepção de dimensão corporal diferenças significativas (p0,05) foram encontradas somente na altura e quadril. Após a menarca diferenças significativas foi encontrada na silhueta real após a menarca. Conclusão: após a menarca as meninas apresentaram alterações antropométricas, redução do tempo de atividade física semanal e modificações na percepção da altura e quadril, bem como da silhueta real.
Análise comparativa da potência aeróbia máxima em jogadoras de futebol de acordo com as posições do sistema de jogo
Authors: Perrier-Melo Raphael José , Barbosa Rhennan Rodrigues , Brito-Gomes Jorge Luiz De , Oliveira Saulo Fernandes Melo de , Fortes Leonardo De Sousa , Costa Manoel Da Cunha
Published: February 2019

Introdução: O consumo máximo de oxigênio é uma variável que apresenta associação com a performance esportiva dos atletas. Seus valores podem ser diferentes de acordo com a posição tática. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a potência aeróbia máxima de jogadoras de futebol de acordo com suas diferentes posições do sistema de jogo. Materiais e métodos: Participaram do estudo 18 atletas de futebol do sexo feminino (três zagueiras, quatro laterais, cinco meio-campistas e seis atacantes), com idade média de 19,1 (1,4) anos. Trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal. Foram realizadas as avaliações antropométricas (massa corporal e estatura) e da potência aeróbia máxima (Yo-yo test). Resultados: De acordo com a comparação realizada, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante sobre a potência aeróbia máxima das atletas. Conclusão: Não foram identificadas diferenças significativas quanto ao consumo máximo de oxigênio entre as jogadoras de futebol profissional, independentemente das posições de jogo.
ACCESS TO PUBLIC INFORMATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE HUNTING LAW
Authors: Chochowski Krzysztof
Published: February 2019

Hunting in Poland is experiencing a kind of renaissance today and is undoubtedly a public
matter. The purpose of hunting is a public goal, because it is: protection, preservation of diversity
and management of populations of game animals; protection and shaping the natural environment
for the improvement of living conditions of animals; obtaining the highest possible
personal condition and quality of trophies and the appropriate number of populations of particular
species of animals while maintaining the balance of the natural environment; meeting
social needs in the field of hunting, cultivating tradition and propagating ethics and hunting
culture.This article presents considerations regarding access to public information in the context
of hunting law. It indicates the public administration bodies obliged to provide it, as well
as entities that can apply for it. In addition, the competences of the above mentioned bodies
and the resulting public tasks in the area of broadly understood hunting were defined.
THE PROCESSES OF CONSOLIDATION AND CONCENTRATION OF CAPITALAS IMPORTANT DETERMINANTS OF ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION PROCESSES AFFECTING THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE BANKING SYSTEM IN POLAND
Authors: Prokopowicz Dariusz
Published: February 2019

The systemic transformation and socio-economic, which was initiated in Poland since 1989,
are related with the intensified globalization processes that take place in various economic and
social spheres of economy, including banking. Financial institutions as well as commercial
banks are the entities which are not only subjects to theglobalization processes, they co-create
these processes. The key attributes of globalization include deregulation processes, digitalization
and internationalization, ie. global determinants, which were correlated with the adaptation
of the financial system functioning in Poland to the European Union standards. To adjust
internal procedures, product offerings and techniques of ICT operating in Poland banking to
EU standards one has to consider the processes of consolidation and concentration of capital.
These processes are applied in the commercial dimension of the financial system, including the
banking sector since the mid-90s. Financial systemthat currently exists in Poland and includes
the banking sector is among the best adapted to the EU standards. It is simultaneously one of
the most globalized sectors of the economy. The key date for this issue concerns the year 2004,
when Poland entered the European Union market structures. Currently, it is assumed that the
process of globalization of financial markets and the banking system in Poland, apart from the consolidation processes and adjustments has been determined by such factors as administrative
and supervisory goals of the central banking and supervisory bodies in the financial system
and adjusting banking norms of law to the standards of Western highly developed countries.
SOFT MONETARY CENTRAL BANKING POLICY AND A PLAN FOR RESPONSIBLE DEVELOPMENT AS MAIN INSTRUMENTS OF THE IN-TERRENISTIST POLICY FOR ACTIVITY OF GROWTH IN GOSPEL IN POLAND
Authors: Prokopowicz Dariusz
Published: February 2019

At the beginning of the 1990s, due to the commercialization and privatization of many business
entities, the processes of economic globalization of the Polish economy, including transformed
financial markets, were intensifying. This globalization is determined by the increasing
links between the Polish economy and the economic environment of other countries. These
processes indicate that the economic crisis in the Eurozone has been seriously sought for several
years, but the negative effects of the slowdown in economic development in some countries
have remained. The development of the market financial system in Poland, which has
been ongoing since the 1990s, has been slowed down when, since autumn 2008, the echoes of
the global financial crisis have begun to enter the global market. In highly developed countries
since the beginning of the financial crisis in 2008, the governments of individual countries in
consultation with central banks undertook various anti-crisis measures and support for national
banking systems. Also in this respect, one can notice many analogies in the relation of the
economic situation of national economies, economic policy, including monetary policy and the
state of the banking system. These analogies are observed when both developed and developing
countries are taken within the comparative analysis. Due to the favorable situation in the Eurozone during the recent years, and the continuation of key aspects of economic growth
there are rather positive scenarios for the development of the macroeconomic situation in
Poland prevailing among economists. In Poland, since 2015, interventionist monetary policy
has been supported by the proeconomic plans of the Plan for Responsible Development developed
in the Ministry of Development. This plan, also known as Prime Minister Mateusz
Morawiecki's plan, is a key solution that brings together many of the goals and tasks currently
implemented by the government of the socio-economic policy called Economy Plus.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BANKING SYSTEM IN POLAND DETERMINED BY THE PROCESSES OF ADJUSTMENT TO THE NORMATIVE AND TECHNOLOGICAL STANDARDS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND CONTEMPORARY PROCESSES OF ECONOMIC AND INFORMATIONAL GLOBALIZATION
Authors: Grzegorek Jan , Prokopowicz Dariusz , Chojan Adrian , Matosek Mirosław
Published: February 2019

The current processes of economic and information globalization are mainly related to the
successively progressing integration of financial markets, the development of ICT and Internet
technologies. The liberalization of capital flows, progressing since the 1970s, was determined
by many economic and political factors, including the modification of the international monetary
system. The main determinants of economic and information globalization include such
processes as liberalization of capital flows, deregulation of international financial markets and
progress in the field of ICT. These processes constituted favorable conditions for the reconstruction
of the market financial system, including the banking sector in Poland in the 1990s.
Since the beginning of the systemic and economic transformation that has been taking place in
Poland since 1989, the banking system and capital market institutions have been rebuilt. It
referred to the Warsaw Stock Exchange market institutions, taking into account the opening of
the economy to foreign capital. Foreign financial corporations taking over domestic banking
entities in Poland have introduced their modern transactional and teleinformation technologies
and new standards for entering into financial transactions. These processes were the main
determinants of economic and information globalization that has been made in Poland since
the 1990s.
USE OF LEGAL PRINCIPLES WHICH DETERMINE FACTS OF LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Authors: Kęskiewicz Anna
Published: February 2019

Application of legal principles in determining the factual state in court proceedings. The first
part generally consists of legal certainty that has been understood in various ways. In addition,
focusing on different rules of law - where you can find important regulations, along with the
information that this problem has many aspects. The analysis is not outside a decision based on
a national law standard. It is based on information about the current situation and the prospects
for improving the environmental protection model.
THE SCOPE AND FORMS OF INFLUENCE OF THE STATE ON DEVELOPMENT OF THE SECTOR OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES. LEGAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS
Authors: Reśko Dariusz
Published: February 2019

Formulated speculations about supporting small and medium enterprises have their sources in
various environments: political, economic as well as social. It shows how important is the role
of small and medium-sized enterprises. The expansion of the SME support system at the program
and institutional level becomes very important, which allows to obtain favorable conditions
for their functioning and development. As a result, SMEs in the SME sector operate in a
complex and dynamic environment with various aid factors. Support factors and their various
forms can be a great opportunity for company development. This thesis author believes that
state interventionism in Poland is necessary in this sphere of economy, since the consequence
of Poland’s accession to the European Union was and still is the “collision” of Polish small
enterprises with their competitors from the EU countries. The paper presents both economic
and statistical as well as legal aspects of enterprises functioning on the SME market.
THE POLICE LAW AND THE POLICE DIRECTOR POLICY DURING THE PEACEFUL PERIOD FROM 9 VII TO 5 X 1807
Authors: Mielnik Marcin
Published: February 2019

This work analyzes policy pursued by Aleksander Potockibased on the law at the end of the
functioning of the Governing Commission. The legal acts on Principles published at the beginning
for the equipment of the Governing Committee and other authorities of its subordinates,
as well as the Rules for organization for the Police Director, shaped this ministry. Based on the
analysis of archival sources, a description of the policy of the police authorities was presented
in the previously unexplored period, i.e. from the conclusion of the peace treaties in Tilsit until
the takeover of power by Fryderyk August. The important part of the activities of the central
government was the public order, for which A. Potocki was responsible to a large extent. In
addition to this issue, work on improving living conditions has been presented. The scope of
these activities includes health matters and supervision of measures and weights. In addition,
the progress of work on establishing the authorities in all cities in the country has been presented.
So far, the tasks indicated have been a continuation. The article also analyzes the issue
of supervision of public tenders regarding the salary of military barracks.
Development and Performance Evaluation of Coir Pith Ash as Supplementary Cementitious Material in Concrete
Authors: Venugopal Balagopal , Sambamurthy Viswanathan
Published: February 2019

India is the third largest producer of coconuts in the world after Indonesia and Brazil. The production of coconuts generates enormous volumes of by-products, which are dumped in landfills, causing issues like soil and air contamination, pollution of groundwater and other water bodies, with hazardous impacts on plant and animal life. Coir pith and short fibers are by-products from the coir industry obtained during the extraction of long fibers and account for approximately 70% of the mature coconut husk. Coir pith ash (CPA) was prepared by heating the dried coir pith in a metallic vessel at a temperature of 400 °C for 4 hours. The current paper shows an elaborate technical study on the material properties and performance of CPA in blended cements. The properties of concrete investigated were setting time, workability, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity values. The specimens were tested at curing ages of 7, 28, 56 and 90 days. The test results indicated that CPA has moderate pozzolanic properties, with 10% as optimum replacement percentage.
Innovationstransfer als sozialorganisatorischer Prozess
Authors: Drebes Tilmann
Published: February 2019

This book conducts a multidimensional study of the phenomenon of innovation transfer using the example of wikis based on Web 2.0 within a large and complex chemical pharmaceutical company. In this context, innovation transfer is understood to be a social and organisational process used for successful problem-solving by transferring a proven solution to a previous problem onto a new problem. The study’s results reveal that the success of such innovation transfer not only depends on the objective material requirements of the business value adding activity in question, but also requires an understanding of the differing subjective interests involved. Assessing the transfer’s success not only involves considering the criteria of technical efficiency and economic profitability, but also social acceptance. In negotiations, a compromise is sought in order to develop a social and organisational innovation from a range of technical functions. Here, the ability to act in a given situation plays a particular role. If both the negotiations and the compromise fail, the transfer of innovation fails as well.
Der gerechte Ausgleich der Partei-Interessen in der Arzthaftung
Authors: Pinheiro Andreas
Published: February 2019

The author presents medical malpractice suits (procedural and material) in the three US states of Florida, California and Virginia (current state: 2017). For this purpose, those aspects which are of particular interest for a just balance of interests with respect to medical liability are compared with German law. First, he provides an extensive examination from its beginnings in early medieval English common law to the present day. Subjects include the responsibility of a medical practitioner, the handling of a “loss of chance” and an analysis of bereavement damages for relatives in German Law. Furthermore, the complex matter of horizontal and vertical medical liability in US law is discussed from several perspectives.
In the course of this investigation, the author also develops a “quick test” for the scientific selection of US states. This test allows for a criteria-based selection of US states prior to the beginning of a scientific investigation.
Technik, die begeistert!?
Authors: Henne Melissa
Published: February 2019

The digitalisation of society demands ethical reflection on the use of technical support systems in deaconry and other social sectors. In this study, Melissa Henne presents several approaches which can be used to analyse the deployment of these systems in deaconry. She illustrates how many ethical implications are related to these systems and how complex they are. To handle these implications, the purpose of using technical support systems has to be specified, and this specification has to correspond to the purpose of diaconal work. Henne uses the capabilities approach by Martha Nussbaum, which defines the requirements for a life in dignity, as a basis for determining these purposes, recommends this approach as a conceptual framework for ethical reflections and tests it on an existing technical support system.
Judicial Activism in a Comparative Perspective
Authors: Schusser Fabian
Published: February 2019

This study investigates the phenomenon of judicial activism from a comparative perspective by examining the highest constitutional courts in India and Germany: the Supreme Court and the Bundesverfassungsgericht (Federal Constitutional Court) respectively. In addition to answering the question of what role these courts play in their countries’ political institutional set-ups, the study explains to what extent they can be classed as powerful. Historical neo-institutionalism forms the study’s theoretical basis, which it deploys in endeavouring to understand the courts’ development and in identifying critical junctures in their histories.
LA VARIABILIDAD DE LA CONCORDANCIA EN LAS ORACIONES HENDIDAS DEL ESPAÑOL Y DEL CATALÁN: INTERPRETACIÓN REFERENCIAL, TEXTUAL Y ENUNCIATIVA
Authors: Raga Gimeno Francisco
Published: February 2019

Las oraciones hendidas se corresponden con una función básica de identificación. Dicha función se puede manifestar, con sus diferentes matices, y dependiendo de las características contextuales, en tres niveles: el referencial, el enunciativo y el textual. El comportamiento de estas oraciones respecto a los diferentes tipos de concordancia depende de la naturaleza de las relaciones de correferencia con elementos del contexto previo. En las oraciones de tipo enunciativo y textual, al contrario de lo que ocurre con las del nivel referencial, se suele mantener la concordancia de número, género y persona entre el elemento focalizado y los diferentes elementos de la oración subordinada. En el caso de la «concordancia preposicional» se observa el caso opuesto: son las del nivel referencial las que exigen la presencia de la correspondiente preposición. Las oraciones hendidas con que invariable pueden considerarse como el resultado de un proceso de gramaticalización en curso que ha supuesto la neutralización de la variabilidad de orden y de concordancia determinadas por las características del contexto.
REMARKS ON VERBO-TONAL PHONETICS FOR A COMMUNICATIVE CONTEXT
Authors: Padilla García Xose
Published: February 2019

The aim of this paper is to make phonetic correction techniques available to foreign language teachers, especially to those who work in a communicative context (Arnold et al. 2005) and are not familiar with pronunciation class. This paper is divided into two sections: firstly, we will introduce the verbo-tonal method’s more general contributions (Asp 2006; Berré (ed.), 2005; Billières, 2002, 2014; Calvo and Murillo, 2012; Dalmau et al., 1985; Guberina, 1956, 1961; Guberina and Murillo 2008; Murillo, 2002; Intravaia, 2002; Renard, 1971, 1979, 2010; Renard and van Vlasselaer 1976; Roberge, 2002; etc.); secondly, we will propose some techniques to practice phonetic correction in Spanish. This proposal, however, can be applied to other languages as well.
ДЕВЕТ ПИСАМА О ИСПЛАТИ ДУБРОВАЧКИХ ТРИБУТА КРАЉУ ОСТОЈИ И ДИПЛОМАТСКИМ АКТИВНОСТИМА ЊЕГОВИХ ПОСЛАНИКА
Authors: Драгичевић Павле
Published: February 2019

У раду се анализира девет писама насталих током прве двиједеценије XV вијека у канцеларијама града Дубровника (два писма), краљаОстоје (шест писама) и његовог властелина Гргура Вукосалића поводомисплате дубровачких трибута (могориша, светодмитарског и стонског дохотка)босанском краљу Остоји и о дипломатским активностима његових посланика.Рад садржи текст наведених писама на старосрпском и превод на савременисрпски језик, као и одговарајућа поглавља у којима се детаљније анализирајудипломатичка својства докумената, њихова типологија, као и сви остали мањепознати термини који се у њима помињу.
ПОВЕЉА КРАЉА ТВРТКА II ТВРТКОВИЋА ДУБРОВНИКУ КОЈОМ ПОТВРЂУЈЕ ПОВЕЉЕ СВОЈИХ ПРЕТХОДНИКА
Authors: Драгичевић Павле
Published: February 2019

У раду се анализира повеља босанског краља Твртка IIТвртковића којом су Дубровчанима потврђене и загарантоване трговачкепривилегије и споразуми склопљени са претходним босанским владарима.Повеља је издата одмах након Твртковог крунисања у августу 1421, али судипломатски преговори између Дубровчана и босанског краља вођени токомчитаве те године. Рад садржи текст на старосрпском и превод на модернисрпски језик, те неколико поглавља у којима се анализирају историјскеоколности настанка повеље, њен физички опис, дипломатичке особености,као и поглавља у којима се на сажет начин објашњавају личности и топонимикоји се помињу у овом документу. Значајан дио поглавља о дипломатичкимособеностима документа посвећен је анализи формулара, односно утицајудубровачког дестинатарског концепта и ранијих уговора на њега.
КЋЕРКЕ ВОЈВОДЕ ВУКАСА РАСПУДИЋА ОБАВЕШТАВАЈУ ДУБРОВЧАНЕ ДА СУ ПРОДАЛЕ СВОЈУ ОЧЕВИНУ У КОНАВЛИМА
Authors: Рудић Срђан
Published: February 2019

Мара и Јерина, кћерке војводе Вукаса Распудића, обавештавајуДубровчане да су ради удаје продале неке поседе које су Дубровчанидаривали њиховом оцу, а њих две наследиле.
УТИЦАЈ НИКЛА НА НЕКЕ МОРФОЛОШКЕ И ФИЗИОЛОШКЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЉЕ МЛАДИХ БИЉАКА
Authors: Максимовић Тања , Хасанагић Дино , Јањић Нина
Published: February 2019

Познавање утицаја никла на процесе растења и развића значајно је због тога што се одређене дозе никла примјењују у циљу повећања приноса као и у заштити од разних болести. Стога је у овом раду проучено дејство различитих концентрација никла (1, 0,1, 0,01 и 0,001 mmol/dm3) на раст биљака, заступљеност фотосинтетичких пигмената и садржај укупног пролина у младим биљкама бораније (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) и кукуруза (Zeа mays L.). Резултати истраживања показали су да су веће концентрације никла (1 и 0,1 mmol/dm3 ) инхибирале раст биљака и биомасу младих биљака бораније и кукуруза, док су ниже концентрације (0,01 и 0,001 mmol/dm3) у медијуму дјеловале стимулативно. Такође, уочен је повољан утицај никла при концентрацији од 0,1, 0,01 и 0,001 mmol/dm3 на садржај фотосинтетичких пигмената код кукуруза, док су на боранију примијењене концентрације дјеловале више инхибиторно. Стрес изазван повећаном концентрацијом никла резултирао је повећаном акумулацијом пролина при чему је већи садржај утврђен код бораније у односу на кукуруз.
Hydrogeological characterization and parameters estimation of the aquifer close to the Adige River (Verona, Italy) for the design of deep excavations
Authors: Vincenzi Valentina , Sapigni Michele
Published: February 2019

In the framework of the final design of a new hydroelectric plant close to the existing dam on the Adige River in the municipality of San Giovanni Lupatoto (VR, Italy), the design of deep excavations in loose sediments below groundwater level, and the connected risks of piping and excavation bottom heave required a detailed study of hydrogeological characterization, aimed to an accurate aquifer parameterization and so a confident design of excavation supports and dewatering systems. Particularly a three-dimensional analysis of the problem was necessary, because the hydrogeological system was complicated by many “artificial” boundary conditions (dam on the river, deep foundations of the existing and new engineering works) causing vertical not negligible flow paths. The conceptual model has been developed applying, in parallel, different prospecting tools: a preliminary Step Drawdown Test, a long duration Constant Rate Test, a multiple tracing test and the implementation of a three-dimensional numerical model of groundwater flow (MODFLOW-2005 code) and advective transport (MODPATH code). The modeling has allowed a good estimate of the aquifer parameters such as hydraulic conductivity and effective porosity through calibration of the pumping/tracing tests under transient conditions. Moreover, the simulation of post operam conditions and the comparison with ante operam, in terms of flow paths length and filtration velocity, showed that the construction of the new works foundations would have determined a sensitive reduction of groundwater velocities closed to the existing dam.
Suppression ofhesAmutation on nitrogenase activity inPaenibacillus polymyxaWLY78 with the addition of high levels of molybdate or cystine
Authors: Liu Xiaomeng , Zhao Xiyun , Li Xiaohan , Chen Sanfeng
Published: February 2019

The diazotrophicPaenibacillus polymyxaWLY78 possesses a minimal nitrogen fixation gene cluster consisting of nine genes (nifB nifH nifD nifK nifE nifN nifX hesAandnifV). Notably, thehesAgene contained within thenifgene cluster is also found withinnifgene clusters among diazotrophic cyanobacteria andFrankia. The predicted product HesA is a member of the ThiF-MoeB-HesA family containing an N-terminal nucleotide binding domain and a C-terminal MoeZ/MoeB-like domain. However, the function ofhesAgene in nitrogen fixation is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that thehesAmutation ofP. polymyxaWLY78 leads to nearly complete loss of nitrogenase activity. The effect of the mutation can be partially suppressed by the addition of high levels of molybdate or cystine. However, the nitrogenase activity of thehesAmutant could not be restored byKlebsiella oxytoca nifQorEscherichia coli moeBcompletely. In addition, thehesAmutation does not affect nitrate reductase activity ofP. polymyxaWLY78. Our results demonstratehesAis a novel gene specially required for nitrogen fixation and its role is related to introduction of S and Mo into the FeMo-co of nitrogenase.