bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Online tutorial support in distance learning through audio-graphic SCMC: Tutor impressions
Authors: Rosell-Aguilar Fernando
Published: September 2021

The adoption of audiographic conferencing brings with it changes to the learning experience for tutors and students alike. These need to be researched to gain an insight into the learning experience of those teaching and being taught through the medium. One of the conferencing tools that has been utilised for much of the documented research on audiographic conferencing is the Lyceum software, used at the UK Open University since 2002 to provide tutorial support for higher-level language learners. The use of the software has been reported at different stages, from the pilot projects since 1997 (Hauck & Haezewindt, 1999; Shield 2000; Kötter, 2001; Hewer & Shield, 2001), to reports of the mainstream use (Hampel, 2003; Hampel & Hauck, 2004). It seems logical that the next step should be to research into the tutors’ experiences of the audio-graphic tool, which is a key element in the CALL research agenda (Warschauer, 1997; Debski & Levy, 1999). As the Open University prepares to phase out the software and replace it with a Moodle-based open-content audio-graphic synchronous conferencing tool, the insight into teaching with such tools becomes more valuable to other language learning professionals and institutions. In this paper we will report on a study of data collected from 18 tutors after spending a year teaching a new beginners’ course online. We will examine their perceptions of the audiographic tool and challenge some of the results from the initial research into audio-graphic conferencing. Most tutors found the teaching experience very positive and liked using the tool; however some experienced technical problems and believe that these affect the learning experience. In addition we will report on the first and successful use of the environment for assessment purposes.
Innovation in the creation of high quality carp crosses
Authors:   Belarusian State Agrarian Technical University, Tarazevich Elena
Published: September 2021

The tendency of increasing the use of aquatic products in human nutrition, as the most valuable suppliers of polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 and omega-6, has been substantiated. The main directions in the development of high-intensity technologies for the production of fish products in the Republic of Belarus are given. A generalized analysis of the situation on conducting selection and breeding work with carp breeds of Belarusian, foreign selection and Amur carp of the Khanka population is carried out. The article presents innovative trends in fish farming in Belarus for obtaining highly productive commercial crosses with improved commercial characteristics and the results of morphological studies of three-year-old mirror crosses obtained on the basis of crossing of female imported breeds and male carp of Belarusian selection. The separate stages of carrying out fish-breeding techniques and preventive measures with the aim of growing high-quality fish products in OJSC "Experimental fish farm "Selets" are considered.
Principles and effectiveness of the organizational and economic mechanism of the agro-industrial clustering
Authors:   Institute for System Research in Agroindustrial Complex of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Gusakov Egor
Published: September 2021

It has been established that the efficiency of agriculture, as the central link of the agro-industrial complex, has a multi-purpose nature and can be represented as a system of republican, regional or territorial and economic efficiency. The concept of cluster effects is defined. In the development of the above, the principles for assessing the effectiveness of cluster formations are formulated. It has been established that under the assessment of the effectiveness of the organizational and economic mechanism of clustering, it is important to understand the analysis of all types of results in accordance with the goals of creating a cluster. At the same time, various cluster organizations in the agro-industrial complex can have a wide range of goals: ensuring sustainability, increasing production volumes, minimizing costs, etc. In this regard, the assessment of the effectiveness of the functioning of the cluster should be carried out in a comprehensive manner: a) from the standpoint of specific organizations included in the association; b) from the standpoint of the effectiveness of the functioning of the cluster as a whole; c) from the standpoint of the compliance of the cluster's goals with the methods of achieving them; d) from the standpoint of the consistency of the cluster's activities with the macroeconomic tasks of the agro-industrial complex.
REAKSI PASAR SAHAM PERUSAHAAN FARMASI SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH COVID-19 DI INDONESIA
Authors: Suryatimur Kartika Pradana , Khabibah Nibras Anna
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on social and economic activities that have an impact on stock market conditions in the world, including Indonesia. This study identified differences in stock prices and stock trading volumes (TVA) of companies in the pharmaceutical sector before and after the announcement of the first COVID-19 case in Indonesia. The sample used is 10 pharmaceutical sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The method used in this research is an event study using paired sample t-test. Based on the test results, there was a difference in prices before and after the announcement of the first COVID-19 case in Indonesia, but there was no difference in trading volume testing.
RETURN PASAR MODAL DAN PASAR RAKYAT?
Authors: Ali Fikri M , Muhsyaf Saipul Arni , Kartikasari Nungki
Published: September 2021

The value relevance according to Beaver (1968) is the explanatory power of accounting information, for example accounting earnings and book value are related to firm value represented by stock prices. The phenomenon is that many players from the capital market are carried out by the middle to upper class, even though on the other hand there are small investments that also generate returns, for example the traditional market. This study examines the differences in the value relevance of the capital market and the traditional market to obtain empirical evidence about the relevance of the value of stock returns between the capital market and the traditional market. This research was conducted around the scope of the Indonesian Capital Market (IDX) and Traditional Markets in the Mataram area. The results showed that the value of traditional market returns was more profitable than the capital market.
FORECASTS DESIGN FOR MANAGEMENT OF TRAVEL&TOURISM INDUSTRY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND MITIGATION OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Horiunova Kateryna , Kiptenko Viktoriia
Published: September 2021

Restrictions on transportation between countries because of the lockdown caused by COVID-19 have slowed down economic activity worldwide. Therefore, in this paper we examine and estimate the short-term economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global market situation in terms of the international tourism industry. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current economic situation of the world tourism sector, which suffered the most because of the COVID-19 pandemic, determine the main tourist flows (inbound and outbound tourism) and identify main tourism trends that characterize travel and tourism in world in 2020, to form practical directions for improving the tourism industry, domestic tourism in particular. The dynamics of the international tourists’ destinations with complete/partial closure of borders and other restrictions through the region in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic are analyzed. The major trends in the tourism sector during the corona crisis are highlighted. The main practical directions for the resuscitation of the tourism industry have been formed, which will have to reduce the negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, and have created a basis for increasing the competitiveness of domestic tourism. It is determined that support for the development of the tourism industry at the central and local levels should be based on the expected preferences of tourists and the risk of using illegal resorts with the possibility of infection. The article examines the main problems of the tourism sphere of Ukraine, which have arisen as a result of the introduction of measures to overcome the coronavirus pandemic in the world and in Ukraine in particular. Using the experience of other countries and international recommendations, measures for intersectoral cooperation in the context of increased epidemic risks are proposed. The article reveals the peculiarities of the development of the tourist sphere of Ukraine in the conditions of increased epidemic risks. Modern tendencies of functioning of the tourist sphere of the country are investigated. The tourism sector is suffering on a global scale due to the implementation of measures to overcome the coronavirus pandemic and the uncertainty of further development of the situation. According to various scenarios, the volume of international tourist arrivals is expected to fall by 58-78% in 2020 compared to the previous year. According to experts, the recovery of demand to the level of 2019 will take at least two years. According to experts, the sphere of tourist services of the corona crisis period will be characterized by giving consumers priority in terms of: choice of shorter rest periods, predominance of individual movement and individual accommodation, choice of health, sea and rural tourism.
THE STUDY OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN THE MARKET OF BAKERY PRODUCTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF BRAND MANAGEMENT
Authors: Maiboroda Hanna
Published: September 2021

Bread and bakery products are the traditional main component of the Ukrainian market basket. However, in recent years, there has been an annual reduction in the consumption of bakery products. According to the state statistics of Ukraine, the average annual consumption of bread products in 2015 was at the level of 103 kg per person, while in 2020 this figure was 98 kg per person. According to experts, one of the main reasons for the decline in this indicator is the decrease in consumer demand. Thus, the study of consumer behavior in the market of bakery products is a very relevant and indispensable issue. The object is the consumer behavior in the market of bakery products. The subject of research is a set of factors that determine consumer behavior in the market of bakery products. Methodology. To study consumer behavior, there was conducted a consumer survey at the oblast level using an external questionnaire with 15 questions to gather the necessary information. Since bread and bakery products are goods of daily and primary demand, the article determines that the general population is the entire population in the region. Their confidence probability is 95%, the confidence interval (error) is 5%, and the sample size was 500 respondents. The questionnaire was compiled using Google Forms software, and survey data were processed using Excel computer software. As a result of research, commodities were reduced, what actual to the consumer in this time, awareness about present brands, factors that induce the consumers of bakery products to render a preference to the separate brand. Nowadays, there is a need to supply the population with quality bakery products of a wide range, as well as those that take into account the consumer’s wishes. Manufacturers of bread and bakery products have every opportunity to meet these requirements, and the creation of a strong brand will help ensure the competitiveness of products. Research results may draw on the construction of the future general strategy of the enterprise. They will help in the construction of a strong brand of products for the achievement of competitive edges, an increase of market share, and the general profitability of enterprises.
Combined therapy of far infrared radiation, heat and castor oil, an alternative remedy against Covid-19 infection: A perspective
Authors: Jacqueline Abiso-Padilla  , Erwin Martinez Faller
Published: September 2021

COVID-19 virus causes mass death worldwide which is facing an unending battle that needs unconventional evidence in complementary and alternative medicine. This review aims to elucidate the possible health benefit of far infrared from Nuga Bed/Mat® along with its heat produced and the application of castor oil pack that has antiviral property in the management of coronavirus infection. Far infrared radiation from Nuga Bed/Mat® has low wavelength and is perceived as heat by the thermoreceptors of the human body. The presence of heat from the Nuga Bed/Mat® coming from the far infrared radiation gives sufficient health benefits including detoxification, pain relief, reduction of muscle tension, relaxation, improved circulation, boosting of the immune system and lowering of blood pressure. SARS-CoV-2 infection manifests inflammation of the vascular endothelium which prevents proper circulation of the blood and can further progress to blood clotting. Treatment with Far infrared radiation for 40 minutes to 2 hours causes the stimulation of HO-1 protein that induces anti-inflammatory activity on the vascular endothelium and other sites of inflammation. Hence, improved blood flow can be expected after an exposure with far infrared radiation. With the added castor oil, spread on the specific site which has a corresponding antiviral property, the possibility of alleviation from the symptoms associated with coronavirus infection can give a light of hope as an alternative remedy.
O uso das tecnologias da informação e comunicação na agricultura no município de Três Passos/RS
Authors: Prediger Daylien Mayane Sossmeier Albring , Nicoletti Joana , Oliveira Juliana Terezinha de , Schmidt Ketelyn Eduarda , Kerber Luana Rafaela dos Passos , Fritzen Marlize Juliana , Silva Danni Maisa da , Guerra Divanilde , Lanzanova Mastrângello Enivar , Lanzanova Luciane Sippert
Published: September 2021

Na agricultura, a informação e as novas tecnologias de comunicação estão cada vez mais presentes, especialmente após a inserção de computadores nas propriedades rurais. O trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a utilização das Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação (TICs) na agricultura e como estas podem auxiliar no desenvolvimento de propriedades rurais no município de Três Passos/RS. Para tanto, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo, com entrevistas a 20 famílias de agricultores que residem nos distritos de Bela Vista e Padre Gonzales. Os resultados apontam que nestes distritos há algumas propriedades em melhores condições do que outras em relação ao acesso e uso de novas tecnologias, que, com isso, acabam obtendo mais informações e comunicações nas atividades agrícolas. O acesso e utilização das TICs tem avançado nos distritos de Bela Vista e Padre Gonzales e os agricultores entrevistados estão se adaptando cada vez mais às novas TICs.
Rabbit breeding as a sustainable production alternative in the Itamarati/MS Settlement
Authors: Gandra Érika Rosendo de Sena , Valentim Jean Kaique , Gabriel Andrea Maria De Araújo , De Oliveira Euclides Reuter , Marques Orlando Filipe Costa , Do Carmo Adrielly Aparecida , Muniz Elaine Barbosa , Pereira Danielle Sabrina Manganelli , Da Silva Natalia Alvarenga , Gandra Jefferson Rodrigues
Published: September 2021

Os resíduos energéticos oriundos da pecuária representam um recurso valioso e disponível para o setor agronômico, principalmente na agricultura orgânica, que demanda fertilização não química. Dessa forma os dejetos dos animais, quando utilizados de maneira apropriada, tem o potencial de vir a substituir os fertilizantes comumente utilizados devido a sua valiosa composição nutricional para os vegetais. A cunicultura é uma atividade que apresenta vários benefícios, coprodutos e subprodutos, como suas fezes que podem ser transformados em substratos orgânicos utilizados para adubação. Com intuito de verificar o aproveitamento destes dejetos, estes foram coletado da criação de coelhos implementada no Núcleo de Agroecologia do Assentamento Itamarati com a doação de fêmeas aptas à reprodução, oriundos da Fazenda Experimental de Ciências Agrárias da UFGD e foi dada ênfase a compostagem dos dejetos para serem usados na horta. Foi realizado um acompanhamento da produção do assentamento de janeiro a abril de 2020 e os animais continuam recebendo diariamente hortaliças como complemento em sua alimentação e já foi efetuada a coleta de dejetos e compostagem. Pode-se observar que a cunicultura ganha extrema importância social e ambiental, pois pode contribuir para melhoria da alimentação da população, pois, além de oferecer uma fonte proteica de alta qualidade nutricional oriunda de sua carne, por meio compostagem de restos orgânicos produzidos pela criação, viabiliza a produção de hortaliças de modo orgânico. O esterco oriundo da produção de coelhos se mostrou altamente eficiente para produção de vegetais em sistema agroecológico, garantindo maior sustentabilidade no ciclo de produção animal e vegetal.
The importance of incentives in dairy farming for small producers
Authors: Mendes Arizoly , Mendes Janaína Palermo , Valentim Jean Kaique , Silva Ariadne Freitas , Zanella Joyce
Published: September 2021

Este trabalho teve como direcionamento ao incentivo público na atividade leiteira de pequenos produtores  através da Chamada do Leite, em um sítio  de 32 hectares  a  15 km do município de Ivinhema,  no Centro-Oeste do Mato  Grosso do Sul. Tendo em vista que a agricultura familiar desempenha importante papel na economia do país, de modo que está diretamente relacionado com o desenvolvimento social , movimentando bilhões de reais no Brasil, auxiliando também na geração de empregos. Neste estudo, foi feito o acompanhamento do desenvolvimento rural de um casal de agricultores produtores de leite entre os anos de 2014 e 2020, juntamente com o aconselhamento  da Agência de Desenvolvimento Agrário e Extensão Rural (AGRAER) do estado do Mato Grosso do Sul que fornecem suporte  a nível administrativo, técnico e  de gestão afim de melhorar os resultados e expandir a atividade dos produtores que buscam pelo auxilio, e também pelo financiamento através do Programa de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF). Foi possível observar a importância destes incentivos na agricultura familiar, já que por meio do PRONAF os agricultores conseguiram aumentar o número de animais da propriedade e ampliar a produção para 650 litros anual e consequentemente melhorou renda, que é fornecida pela quantidade de leite produzido.
REAL-TIME ENSEMBLE-BASED WELL-LOG INTERPRETATION FOR GEOSTEERING
Authors:   NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Jahani Nazanin , Ambía Joaquín ,   The University of Texas at Austin, Fossum Kristian ,   NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Alyaev Sergey ,   NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Suter Erich ,   NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Torres-Verdín Carlos ,   The University of Texas at Austin
Published: September 2021

The cost of drilling wells on the Norwegian Continen-tal Shelf are extremely high, and hydrocarbon reservoirs are often located in spatially complex rock formations. Optimized well placement with real-time geosteering is crucial to efficiently produce from such reservoirs and reduce exploration and development costs. Geosteering is commonly assisted by repeated formation evaluation based on the interpretation of well logs while drilling. Thus, reliable computationally efficient and robust work-flows that can interpret well logs and capture uncertain-ties in real time are necessary for successful well place-ment. We present a formation evaluation workflow for geosteering that implements an iterative version of an ensemble-based method, namely the approximate Leven-berg Marquardt form of the Ensemble Randomized Max-imum Likelihood (LM-EnRML). The workflow jointly estimates the petrophysical and geological model param-eters and their uncertainties. In this paper the demon-strate joint estimation of layer-by-layer water saturation, porosity, and layer-boundary locations and inference of layers’ resistivities and densities. The parameters are estimated by minimizing the statistical misfit between the simulated and the observed measurements for several logs on different scales simultaneously (i.e., shallow-sensing nuclear density and shallow to extra-deep EM logs). Numerical experiments performed on a synthetic exam-ple verified that the iterative ensemble-based method can estimate multiple petrophysical parameters and decrease their uncertainties in a fraction of time compared to clas-sical Monte Carlo methods. Extra-deep EM measure-ments are known to provide the best reliable informa-tion for geosteering, and we show that they can be in-terpreted within the proposed workflow. However, we also observe that the parameter uncertainties noticeably decrease when deep-sensing EM logs are combined with shallow sensing nuclear density logs. Importantly the es-timation quality increases not only in the proximity of the shallow tool but also extends to the look ahead of the extra-deep EM capabilities. We specifically quantify how shallow data can lead to significant uncertainty re-duction of the boundary positions ahead of bit, which is crucial for geosteering decisions and reservoir mapping.
FIELDWIDE DYNAMIC PRESSURE SURVEILLANCE WITH FPWD TECHNOLOGY
Authors:   Schlumberger, Blanco Yon , Fletcher Ben ,   CNOOC International, Webber Robert ,   CNOOC International, Maguire Alistair ,   Schlumberger, Lopes Velerian ,   Schlumberger
Published: September 2021

Reservoir management utilizes time-lapse pressure data that is captured over years in order to monitor reservoir development. Several methods can be used to establish field-wide hydraulic lateral and/or vertical connectivity: well testing, monitoring of permanent downhole gauges, wireline and LWD formation testers. While a typical formation pressure survey provides information about reservoir depletion or charge (production or injection), in a field with several wells it is not clearly understood where the pressure disturbances are coming from, which can hamper further field development decision making in terms of infill well selection and drilling. A novel method is introduced where a Formation Pressure While Drilling (FPWD) tool is run in UKCS wells and used to acquire interference data while drilling. Initially reservoir pressures are acquired as soon as practically possible after drilling. Having established these benchmark pressures, nearby injectors and/or producers can be started or shut in one at a time. Drilling is then resumed and after a certain time has elapsed since the benchmark pressure acquisition (typically at least 12 hours), the pressure measurements are repeated using the FPWD tool to evaluate the influence of the created transients in order to prove or disprove either lateral or vertical hydraulic connectivity across reservoirs. This way, the influence of a single offset well is evaluated in real time over the reservoir being currently drilled. This helps in the determination of interference pattern whereby injector wells can be judged for selective zone injections and producers can be rated in terms of zonal contribution which can help in completion design. These direct pressure measurements can illuminate reservoir pressure complexity seen in mature fields and provide operators with the means to safely and effectively construct wells to develop brownfields. The pressure changes obtained are used not only by reservoir engineers as an additional source of dynamic data into the reservoir simulation model but also help geologists in refining the geological or basin model. Two applications of real-time interference testing using FPWD from a recent drilling campaign are shown. In the first application, communication between wells is tested to reduce the risk of accidentally completing a well in an area of the field that experiences insufficient injection support. In the second application, real-time interference testing is used to identify a specific zone in a multi-layered reservoir sequence in order to enable selective completion.
COMPRESSIVE SENSING BASED OPTICAL SPECTROMETER FOR DOWNHOLE FLUID ANALYSIS
Authors:   Halliburton, Dai Bin , Jones Christopher ,   Halliburton, Price Jimmy ,   Halliburton, Gascooke Darren ,   Halliburton, Van Zuilekom Anthony ,   Halliburton
Published: September 2021

Downhole fluid analysis has the potential to resolve ambiguity in very complex reservoirs. Downhole fluid spectra contain a wealth of information to fingerprint a fluid and help to assess continuity. Commonly, a narrowband spectrometer with limited number of channels is used to acquire optical spectra of downhole fluid. The spectral resolution of this type of spectrometer is low due to limited number of narrowband channels. In this paper, we demonstrate a new type, compressive sensing (CS) based broadband spectrometer that provides accurate and high-resolution spectral measurement. Several specially designed broadband filters are used to simplify the mechanical, electrical, optical, and computational construction of a spectrometer, therefore provides measurement of fluid spectrum with high signal-to-noise ratio, robustness, and a broader spectral range. The compressive sensing spectrometer relies on reconstruction technique to compute the optical spectrum. Based on a large spectral database, containing more than 10000 spectra of various fluids at different temperature and pressure conditions, which were collected using conventional high resolution spectrometer in a lab, the basis functions of the optical spectra of three types of fluids (water, oil and gas/condensate) can be extracted. The reconstruction algorithm first classifies the fluid into one of three fluid types based on multichannel CS spectrometer measurements, the optical spectrum is reconstructed by using linear combination of the basis functions of corresponding fluid type, with weighting coefficients determined by minimizing the difference between calculated detector responses and measured detector responses across multiple optical channels. The reconstructed data may then be used for purposes such as contamination measurement, fluid property trends for reservoir continuity assessment, and digital sampling. Digital sampling is the process of extrapolating clean fluid properties from formation fluids not physically sampled. The reconstruction spectrum covers wavelengths from 500 nm to 3300 nm, which is a wider spectral region than has historically been accessible to formation testers. The expanded wavelength range allows access of the mid-infrared spectral region for which synthetic drilling-fluid components typically have higher optical absorbance. This reconstruction spectra may allow contamination to be directly determined. This paper will discuss the CS optical spectrometer design, fluid classification and spectral reconstruction algorithm. In addition, the applicability of the technique to fluid continuity assessment, sample contamination assessment and digital sampling will also be discussed.
USING PROXY SIMULATOR FOR RESERVOIR ZONE SELECTION AND REDUCING THE FORMATION TESTER CLEANUP OPERATIONAL TIME
Authors:   Schlumberger, Bertolini Andre C. , Simoes Vanessa ,   Schlumberger, Dantas Marianna ,   Schlumberger, Pereira Machado Patrick ,   Schlumberger
Published: September 2021

The filtrate contamination cleanup time on a complex carbonate well using a traditional wireline formation tester (WFT) tool can vary from a couple of hours to over half a day. The method proposed aims at reducing operational time to collect a low-contamination formation fluid sample by determining regions with a smaller depth of invasion using a forward model simulation that considers static and dynamic formation properties to predict the radial profile of invasion. The mud filtrate invasion process was modeled considering the static and dynamic properties of the near-wellbore region in an industry reference reservoir simulator, and it integrates three mechanisms for fluid flow: Darcy’s law, material balance, and capillary pressure. The physical robustness of the reservoir simulator was united to a data-driven model to reduce the computational cost. This proxy model is based on a trained neural network with a broad range of scenarios to predict the numerical simulation results with high accuracy. The invasion estimation from the model is then used to predict the filtrate cleanup time using an industry consolidated numerical modeling. One of the variables influencing most of the cleanup time is the depth of mud filtrate invasion. Thus, reducing this time is a determinant for the WFT operational efficiency. The model for mud invasion has been successfully tested on a complex carbonate well, and the results for the depth of mud invasion were comparable to the results obtained with a commercial data-driven inversion using multiple resistivity channels. The estimated cleanup time using the results of depth of invasion predicted by the forward model has been compared and matched with real carbonate sampling stations, and there was a high correlation indicating that zones with lower depth of invasion required less cleanup time. Besides, using the history-matched cases, different WFT technologies such as single and radial probes, focused, unfocused, and dual-packer WFT inlets were evaluated, showing a high potential for reduction of operational time when properly planned and selected for the specific type of reservoir. The proposed methodology is a viable method for understanding the clean-up behavior in different reservoir scenarios using different WFT technologies. The innovation of this method relies on the data calibration using basic and advanced petrophysical properties through a data-driven model based on a trained neural network to reduce the uncertainty in the predicted invasion radial profile and the WFT cleanup time. The reliability on the theoretical results was increased using real data calibration, and this calibrated theoretical model has been used to guide the sampling depth selection, saving operational time.
AN ACCURATELY DETERMINING POROSITY METHOD FROM PULSED-NEUTRON ELEMENT LOGGING IN UNCONVENTIONAL RESERVOIRS
Authors:   China University Of Petroleum (East China), Zhang Feng , Qiu Fei ,   China University Of Petroleum (East China), Fang Qunwei ,   China University Of Petroleum (East China), Zhang Xiaoyang ,   China University Of Petroleum (East China), Zhang Hui ,   China University Of Petroleum (East China), Tang Fangwei ,   China University Of Petroleum (East China), Fan Jilin ,   China University Of Petroleum (East China)
Published: September 2021

Unconventional reservoirs have low porosity and complex mineral composition containing quartz, feldspar, calcite, dolomite, pyrite and kerogen, which may seriously reduce the accuracy of the porosity measurement. The multi-detector pulsed neutron logging technique was already used for determining porosity through the combination of inelastic and capture gamma ray information in different spacing. In this paper, the new parameter, which is characterized by thermal neutron count ratio and lithology factor based on element content, is proposed to determine porosity from the three-detector pulsed neutron element logging in unconventional reservoir. To evaluate mineral composition, lithology, and gas/oil/water saturation in unconventional reservoir, a new multi-detector pulsed neutron logging tool was put out. The instrument consists of two He-3 thermal neutron detectors and a LaBr3 gamma detector. Therefore, the combination of thermal neutron count ratio between near detector and long detector with lithology factor of element content can measure neutron porosity and eliminate the influence of complex lithology. Based on some calibration pit data measured in laboratory, as well as the numerical simulation method, the influences of different lithological characters and mineral types on the neutron count ratio were studied. Meanwhile, large numbers of stratigraphic models with different lithological characters and different mineral compositions were established using Monte Carlo simulation method, and the content of silicon, calcium, hydrogen, oxygen, magnesium, aluminum and iron under different stratigraphic conditions was determined by the spectral element solution. A regression analysis was conducted to establish the relationship between the content of elements and the lithologic factor. The count ratio difference stemming from different lithological and mineral compositions was eliminated through a combination of lithological correction factor and thermal neutron count ratio. Different mineral compositions of stratigraphic simulation models were set up for verification. The absolute error of porosity measurement was less than 1.0p.u. in the formations with porosity less than 15p.u., which verified the accuracy of this method for neutron porosity evaluation in complex lithological characters formations. Two field examples were processed by this new parameter which in combination of thermal neutron count ratio and formation elements content information from the three-detector pulsed neutron instrument, which indicated a good accuracy for unconventional oil and gas reservoir evaluation.
A NEW LOOK AT THE DUAL DEPTH OF INVESTIGATION OF LWD PROPAGATION RESISTIVITY LOGGING
Authors:   Schlumberger, Wang Gong Li , Homan Dean ,   Schlumberger, Maggs David ,   Schlumberger, Allen David ,   Schlumberger
Published: September 2021

It is well established that phase shift and attenuation measurements acquired by an electromagnetic propagation tool come with different depths of investigation (DOI). The attenuation measurement sees deeper into the formation than the phase shift measurement. This difference has been reported not only for the 2 MHz propagation resistivity tool, but also for the deep propagation tool that operates at 25 MHz. Although the difference has been demonstrated with modeling, test tank experiments and logs, a complete physical explanation has been notably absent since the introduction of the MHz-frequency propagation logging in 1980s. The question is so intriguing that it has been raised repeatedly over the past decades: what drives the difference of DOI for the two measurements that are acquired with the same electromagnetic field? In this paper, we revisit this problem with an aim of providing a physical insight to bridge the gap between theory and application. This is an extension of our recent work on the theory of apparent conductivity for propagation measurements. We address the problem by applying high-order geometric theory for low-frequency electromagnetic problems in lossy media in conjunction with the Taylor series expansion for the voltage ratio measured by a propagation tool. In so doing, we find that in a resistive formation where the dielectric effect is small: 1) the phase shift measurement is primarily due to the first-order eddy current induced in the formation; 2) in contrast, the leading source of the attenuation measurement is the second-order eddy current. Since the second-order eddy current is more spread out than the first-order eddy current, this explains why the DOI of attenuation resistivity is larger than that of phase shift resistivity. The difference in spatial distribution of two eddy currents is also the reason for the difference of vertical resolution between the two. The same root cause for the difference of DOI and vertical resolution also holds when comparing R-signal and X-signal from induction resistivity logging. Other properties shared by propagation and induction resistivity logging will be discussed, such as skin effect and dielectric effect, as well as their asymptotic properties in high-resistivity formations. We conclude that propagation and induction resistivity logging are essentially similar, even though the two measurement principles may seem rather different.
A Learning Analytics-informed Activity to Improve Student Performance in a First Year Physiology Course
Authors: Williams Mark , Lluka Lesley Jan , Chunduri Prasad
Published: September 2021

Learning Analytics (LA) can be employed to identify course-specific factors that hinder student course (outcome) performance, which can be subsequently rectified using targeted interventions. Supplementing interventions with predictive modelling also permits the identification of students who are at-risk of failing the course and encourages their participation. LA findings suggested that a targeted intervention for our course should focus on improving student short answer question (SAQ) performance, which we attempted to achieve by improving their understanding of features pertaining to various SAQ answer standards and how to achieve them using examples of varying scores. Every student was invited to the intervention via a course-wide announcement through the course learning management system. At-risk students identified using predictive models were given an additional invitation in the form of a personalised email. Results suggest that intervention improved student understanding of SAQ performance criteria. The intervention also enhanced student end-of-semester SAQ performance by 12% and 11% for at-risk and no-risk students respectively. Course failure rate was also lower by 26% and 9% among at-risk and no-risk intervention participants. Student perception of the intervention was also positive where an overwhelming majority of participants (96%) found the interventional activity to be useful for their learning and exam preparations.
Fostering Learning with Incremental Scaffolds During Chemical Experimentation: A Study on Junior High School Students Working in Peer-Groups
Authors: Mustafa Mirlinda , Ioannidis Anestis , Ferreira González Laura , Dabrowski Timo , Großschedl Jörg
Published: September 2021

Scaffolds are considered to be a promising method of supporting learning. In this study, we investigated the learning efficacy of scaffolds in an inquiry-based learning scenario. Three tasks posed a question/problem to facilitate inquiry-based learning, and scaffolds offered the answer/solution in multiple steps (so-called incremental scaffolds). The use of the scaffolds was voluntary and students’ learning efficacy was compared with a traditional teaching approach. A total of N = 105 seventh graders participated in the quasi-experimental study. Incremental scaffolds were available to the students in the treatment group. Students in the control group received the same question/problem but could only ask the teacher about the answer/solution. Concept maps were used at pre- and posttest to assess conceptual knowledge acquisition. In-line with our hypothesis, results show that students in the treatment group outperformed controls concerning conceptual knowledge acquisition. Regarding the number of misconceptions students used, there were no differences between the groups. Our study indicates that incremental scaffolds are an appropriate method to provide students with the exact help they really need. Based on our findings, we offer practical implications and recommendations for future research.
Instructional Videos, Conceptual Understanding and Self-Efficacy in the Time of COVID
Authors: Jose Smitha , Kochandra Raji , Daniel Scott
Published: September 2021

Advances in technology offer new opportunities for teaching. Many students engage with online videos that enable them to watch, and re-watch these support materials flexibly and at their own pace. In our large-enrolment introductory first-year physics unit, many students find the content very challenging. To support their learning, we have developed short videos of 4-7 minutes explaining concepts and providing demonstrations of the problem-solving process. Our study was originally designed to evaluate and compare the effect on conceptual understanding and self-efficacy of students engaging with two different types of videos: screencasts (e.g. Khan Academy style) and lightboard videos, where the teacher presents direct to the camera on a writable transparent board (the image is then inverted to be the right way round). Then COVID struck, and all our learning was moved online. Thus, in the second semester of the study, we only used screencasts, and focused our research on exploring the relationship between online engagement, self-efficacy and conceptual understanding of students. We found that students preferred lightboards, and that both semesters’ average survey scores on self-efficacy and conceptual understanding were generally stable or increased only slightly. This is at odds with other studies of similar cohorts. However, the small number of paired responses in our study meant that a self-selection bias may have skewed results. Scores on the conceptual understanding were weakly correlated with assessment performance, suggesting the presence of other contributing variables. Initial self-efficacy scores did not predict subsequent engagement. Instead, missing multiple early assessments was identified as a stronger predictor of failing to pass the subject.
Mathematics Support – Essential at the Best of Times, Crucial at the Worst of Times
Authors: Jackson Deborah Cheryl
Published: September 2021

Mathematics and statistics support is essential in today’s higher education system. It gives students the guidance, expertise, skills and nurturing they need to be successful in their studies and beyond. It offers them opportunities to explore past their limits, self-motivate, self-assess, seek relevance, and ask questions. The Maths Hub at La Trobe University, Australia, recently changed, as we all did, with our face-to-face support in a physical space transitioned to face-to-face support via Zoom, almost overnight due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This is our tale – how we transitioned from the vibrant, busy, demanding physical space to a wholly online world. The advantages, the surprises, the incidents, the attendances, and the feedback, will be highlighted. Not only was the interaction and intimacy of one-to-one sessions successful, but also the increased engagement in the tailored cross-disciplinary online modules that we offer. It is the worst of times, but it is also the best of times for creating innovative online opportunities, and it is changing times. But the thirst for mathematics and statistics support remains strong.
‘You’ll Never Get Cultural Competence in Science’: An Australian Perspective on Integrating Cultural Competence into Science Teaching Via Cultural Accountability
Authors: Cross Rebecca , Quinnell Rosanne , Bell Tina , Rhodes Paul , Dancso Zsuzsanna , Hubble Thomas , Wardle Glenda , Lewis Melinda , Motion Alice , Murphy Dominic , Gongora Jaime
Published: September 2021

In the last decade, the Australian higher education sector has championed the inclusion of cultural competence (CC) as a key graduate quality. Diverse disciplinary learning and teaching approaches requiring careful consideration about how best to achieve the end goal of supporting graduates on their individual, life-long pathways to engage with CC. Science can be viewed as an inflexible and immovable discipline. This perception seems particularly prevalent with respect to scientists acknowledging epistemes outside of a western cultural frame. It follows that eliciting curriculum reform with respect to CC broadly, and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander perspectives more specifically, was perceived to be a significant challenge. Through interviews with eleven non-Indigenous academics across the Faculty of Science at the University of Sydney, we uncovered several strategies for including multiple knowledges in science, with academics traversing these new horizons by building on the work of and collaborating with Indigenous Elders and academics to create enriched learning spaces. Alongside these strategies are staff reflections on their CC journey, which indicate that this endeavour entails necessary and vital discomforts that ultimately enable transformation. This process while guided by CC, led to experiences of cultural humility and a conviction in the role of cultural accountability.
Trends in scientific communication and continuing education in Forensic Sciences during the pandemic of COVID-19: The role of virtual conferences and experiences of the 2020 Online Congress of the Brazilian Society of Forensic Sciences
Authors: Campos Eduardo , Dorta Daniel , De Martinis Bruno
Published: September 2021

The pandemic of COVID-19 has changed the landscape of scientific meetings in 2020, leading to the cancellation, postponement or change of format in many conferences. The latter type of change involved the conversion of in-person to virtual meetings. The decision as well as the logistics involved in these changes are not easy. However, the benefits and gains provided by virtual scientific conferences through 2020 in many disciplines have shown that this format can overcome many challenges and promote the diversity in Forensic Sciences conferences as well. In this paper, the benefits and potentials of virtual conferences in Forensic Sciences, including Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology, in promoting scientific communication, accessibility, diversity and continuing education is discussed, in the light of the experiences of the Brazilian Society of Forensic Sciences with the 2020 SBCF Online Congress. The experiences obtained with virtual scientific meetings in 2020 have shown that these formats are very promising and important, and should be increasingly incorporated in future scientific meetings, as an alternative strategy to promote the scientific communication, reaching large audiences, without travel limitations and at reduced costs for the attendees. However, this approach should not replace to in-person meetings, which have many benefits that cannot be replaced by virtual meetings. Therefore, the combination of online and in-person meetings can very useful strategies.
Properties of the Rainbow multi-variant algorithm and its ability to resist various crypto-analysis methods and attack by outside channels
Authors: Harmash D.V.
Published: September 2021

This work presents the analysis of the essence and possibilities of protection of the Rainbow post-quantum cryptographic algorithm. The main properties of the Rainbow algorithm and the general essence of cryptographic encryption and electronic signature algorithms based on multivariate quadratic transformations are determined. The main provisions regarding the protocols are given. Analyses are given regarding the ability to protect the algorithm against various attacks. The vulnerability of the algorithm to attack by third-party channels is investigated. The general provisions of the algorithm are considered. The algorithm is presented and considered from a mathematical point of view, as well as the mathematical essence of cryptographic algorithms for encryption and electronic signature based on multivariate quadratic transformations. The application of various methods of cryptanalysis against cryptographic algorithm based on multivariate quadratic Rainbow transformations is studied. The method of decreasing rank against the Rainbow algorithm is analyzed. The method of cryptanalysis by attacking the Oil-Vinegar scheme and the method of cryptanalysis "minranku method" are investigated. The attack is studied using a multilayer structure.