bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial and antihemolytic assessment of Allium Sativum through optimized protein fraction extraction
Authors: Chergui Achour , Nezla Soraya , Titouche Yacine , Imessaoudene Ali , Hadadi Amina , Lefsih Khalef
Published: November 2024

Background: Garlic (Allium sativum), a widely utilized plant in the Mediterranean region, has long been renowned for its therapeutic properties, primarily attributed to its bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds and flavonoids. However, the potential of garlic proteins remains largely unexplored. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the in vitro biological activities of the protein fraction extracted from this plant, optimize the extraction process for the garlic protein fraction (GPF), and elucidate its antibacterial and antihemolytic effects. Material and Methods: A Box-Behnken design was employed, using Design Expert 10 Software, to optimize the extraction process of GPF, involving water maceration followed by precipitation using ammonium sulphate. The antibacterial activity of GPF was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (FRI 137) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC49452) using the well diffusion method. The antihemolytic activity of GPF was evaluated using human erythrocytes. Additionally, the antihaemolytic activity was evaluated using human erythrocytes. Results: The highest extraction yield of 46.57 mg/mL was obtained under the following conditions: pH of 6.22, maceration time of 102 minutes, and temperature of 24.53°C. Remarkably, GPF exhibited significant antibacterial activity, evidenced by inhibition zones of 20 ± 0.5 mm against Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus, two targeted bacterial strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined as 9.36 ± 0.11 mg/mL and 18.72 ± 0.2 mg/mL, while the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were found to be 37.45 ± 0.13 mg/mL and 18.72 ± 1.08 mg/mL for the respective strains. Furthermore, the investigation of GPF's anti-hemolytic activity on human erythrocytes demonstrated an inhibition rate of 83.77 ± 1.05% at a GPF concentration of 0.25 mg/mL. Conclusions: These findings underscore the significant biological activities associated with the protein fraction of Allium sativum. The protein fraction derived from Allium sativum exhibits notable antibacterial and antihemolytic properties, shedding light on its potential therapeutic applications.

Keywords: Allium sativum, Garlic protein, antibacterial properties, hemolysis, RSM.
Digital Flashcards to Boost Children's Interest in English Communication
Authors: Nasution Kholilah Yuniar , Sitepu Reysa Putri Br. , Manurung Rani Angelika , Lismawarni  , Pulungan Rizqi Himmawan Ardya , Panggabean Vandri Perdana
Published: November 2024

This study examines the effectiveness of combining digital flashcards with the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach to enhance interest and communication skills in English among elementary school children. Conducted at SD Negeri 058116 Kwala Sawit in Tangkahan, a rural tourist area in North Sumatra, the research employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) model to test the impact of this innovative method in an under-resourced educational setting. The study involved 56 grades 5 and 6 students who completed two planning cycles: implementation, observation, and reflection. Results indicated a substantial increase in students' interest and engagement, with a 10.25% improvement in learning interest. Moreover, student proficiency in conversational English rose, as 72% of fifth graders and 78% of sixth graders demonstrated correct responses in practical dialogues after the intervention, a rise from the initial 40%. This study offers insights into the potential of digital, interactive tools to support language acquisition, especially in rural or resource-limited environments. These findings suggest that digital flashcards, combined with CLT, can provide a sustainable and engaging approach to language learning, fostering enthusiasm and communicative competence in young learners.
O TRATAMENTO FARMACOLÓGICO NA DOR CRÔNICA DOS PORTADORES DE FIBROMIALGIA
Authors: Delphim Luciana Nascimento Oliveira , Rosati Alice Rocha
Published: November 2024

A fibromialgia é uma patologia crônica, com alto grau de comorbidade psiquiátrica e patogênese insuficientemente detalhada. Portanto, seu manejo terapêutico é desafiador, sendo sugeridas abordagens farmacológicas e não farmacológicas como opções de tratamento. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o nível atual de evidência a favor do tratamento farmacológico da fibromialgia. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura através das principais bases de dados médicas utilizando o os descritores “fibromyalgia”, “chronic pain” e “pharmacological treatment”, utilizando o operador booleano “AND". Todos os artigos publicados entre 2019-2024 foram incluídos na análise primária. Foi observado que a pregabalina e  a duloxetina são os tratamentos farmacológicos mais apoiados por evidências para a fibromialgia em relação ao componente da dor. Amitriptilina, gabapentina e tramadol também foram estudados em vários ensaios clínicos, mas há menos evidências para apoiar seu uso. Disfunções cognitivas, distúrbios do sono e distúrbios do humor foram tópicos menos estudados na investigação de ensaios clínicos, portanto, havendo menos resultados significativos. Dessa forma, a questão álgica da fibromialgia se beneficia, majoritariamente, do tratamento das classes anticonvulsivantes e antidepressivos.
USO DE INFILTRANTE RESINOSO (ICON) PARA TRATAMENTO DE LESÕES DE MANCHAS BRANCA
Authors: Silva Carlos Eduardo Gomes da , Campos Paulo Victor Costa , Leonel Augusto César Leal da Silva
Published: November 2024

Os Defeitos do Desenvolvimento do Esmalte (DDE) afetam a estética e o bem-estar psicológico, especialmente em pacientes jovens. O tratamento com o infiltrante resinoso Icon® é uma abordagem minimamente invasiva eficaz para lesões de manchas brancas, melhorando a estética e a micro dureza do esmalte. Este trabalho relata o uso do Icon® em uma paciente de 17 anos com lesão de mancha branca no elemento 21, resultando em camuflagem satisfatória da lesão e melhora estética, atendendo às expectativas da paciente.Conclui-se que o infiltrante resinoso Icon® é uma opção válida e conservadora para o tratamento de cáries incipientes ou hipomineralização do esmalte (MIH). Sua capacidade de penetrar nas áreas afetadas e estabilizar a progressão da lesão sem necessidade de remoção de tecido cariado o torna uma abordagem eficaz. Relatos e estudos demonstram que o uso do Icon® reduz a progressão das lesões, preservando a estrutura dental e proporcionando benefícios estéticos e funcionais. A técnica é simples, relativamente fácil de aplicar e se posiciona como uma alternativa promissora e menos traumática em comparação com tratamentos tradicionais, especialmente para opacidades do esmalte, como a fluorose leve ou moderada, oferecendo ótimos resultados em uma única sessão.
AÇÕES DO ENFERMEIRO NO CENTRO DE ATENÇÃO PSICOSSOCIAL VOLTADAS PARA A DEPENDÊNCIA DO ÁLCOOL
Authors: Souza Emanuele de Jesus de , Andrade Robson Vidal de , Marques Roberta Messias
Published: November 2024

O uso nocivo de álcool gera várias mudanças nos índices de saúde das pessoas, provocando desequilíbrios para os usuários e para aqueles que estão ao seu redor. Esse artigo buscou descrever a Síndrome da Dependência do álcool, discutir os aspectos psicológicos, fisiológicos, sociais e epidemiológicos resultantes do uso excessivo do álcool, expor os impactos familiares e reconhecer as atividades realizadas por enfermeiros no (CAPSad) com foco na dependência do álcool.  Esta pesquisa caracteriza-se como uma revisão de literatura de abordagem qualitativa descritiva, utilizou-se as bases de dados Sientific Eletronic Library Online – (SciELO), a Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde – (BVS), o National Institutes of Health – (Pubmed) e a Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde – (LILACS), foram selecionados artigos entre o recorte temporário dos anos de 2012 e 2024. Os resultados indicaram que os enfermeiros desempenham funções que incluem acolhimento, escuta ativa através da entrevista psiquiátrica, realização de oficinas terapêuticas e terapias em grupo com pacientes e seus familiares. Além disso, eles colaboram no PTS junto à equipe do CAPS AD. Todas essas atividades favorecem uma maior adesão ao tratamento e a reintegração social dos usuários.
IMAGINOLOGIA NO DIAGNÓSTICO PRÉ-NATAL: AVANÇOS E DESAFIOS
Authors: Lourenço Julia Pimenta , Silva Ana Júlia Pires , Resende Letícia Monteiro de , Souza Lara Luíza Moreira de , Requeijo Márcio José Rosa
Published: November 2024

Introdução: A imaginologia no diagnóstico pré-natal desempenha um papel essencial na identificação de anomalias fetais, contribuindo para o manejo clínico durante a gestação. Avanços tecnológicos, como a ultrassonografia 3D/4D e o uso de inteligência artificial (IA), têm potencializado a detecção precoce de malformações e anomalias genéticas. Objetivos: Revisar os avanços e desafios da imaginologia no diagnóstico pré-natal, com ênfase no uso da IA. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada em bases de dados como SciELO, PubMed e Google Acadêmico. Resultados e discussões: Foram selecionados estudos recentes que destacam como a IA tem melhorado a precisão diagnóstica e a qualidade dos exames, apesar dos desafios na padronização técnica e no acesso a tecnologias avançadas. Observou-se também a importância da colaboração interdisciplinar para otimizar a aplicação clínica. Conclusão: A imaginologia no diagnóstico pré-natal, aliada à IA, representa um avanço promissor, com potencial para transformar o cuidado materno-fetal, melhorar o prognóstico e a qualidade de vida de gestantes e bebês, apesar dos desafios de acessibilidade e integração tecnológica.
A INCLUSÃO ESCOLAR E O USO DE TECNOLOGIAS ASSISTIVAS
Authors: Santos Silvana Maria Aparecida Viana , Espolador Douglas Franco , Carvalho Juniel dos Santos de , Viana Silvanete Cristo , Santos Ubiranilze Cunha , Nascimento William Barros
Published: November 2024

Este estudo teve como problema a análise dos impactos da tecnologia assistiva na inclusão escolar de alunos com deficiência, focando nos benefícios, desafios e na importância da capacitação docente. O objetivo geral foi investigar como a tecnologia assistiva podem contribuir para o processo de inclusão escolar, melhorando o desempenho acadêmico e a participação dos alunos. A metodologia adotada foi uma revisão bibliográfica qualitativa, com análise de artigos e livros sobre o tema, destacando as principais contribuições e limitações identificadas nas pesquisas existentes. Os resultados mostraram que a tecnologia assistiva facilitam o acesso ao conteúdo educacional, promovem a autonomia e contribuem para um ambiente colaborativo entre alunos com e sem deficiência. No entanto, também foram observados desafios, como a falta de treinamento adequado para os educadores, a escassez de recursos financeiros e a resistência à adoção das novas tecnologias. A análise indicou que a formação continuada dos professores é um fator chave para o sucesso da implementação da tecnologia assistiva nas escolas. As considerações finais apontaram que, apesar dos avanços, a implementação completa da tecnologia assistiva ainda enfrenta barreiras que necessitam ser superadas por meio de investimentos, capacitação e adaptação dos recursos às necessidades dos alunos. Foi sugerido que novos estudos se aprofundem nos desafios específicos de diferentes contextos educacionais.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Interactive Multimedia in Boosting Brand Equity: A Case Study of Visual Communication Design Programs
Authors: Purhita Edy Jogatama , Rudjiono Daniel
Published: November 2024

This study focuses on strengthening brand equity in the Visual Communication Design (VCD) study program at higher education institutions by implementing interactive multimedia. The background of the problem lies in the importance of branding innovation in addressing the increasing competition in the education sector. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact of interactive multimedia on four dimensions of brand equity: brand awareness, brand loyalty, perceived quality, and brand associations. The methodology employed involves a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach. Data was collected through a survey of 100 respondents using a Likert-scale-based questionnaire and in-depth interviews with relevant participants. A paired t-test was used to analyze changes in brand equity perceptions before and after implementing interactive multimedia. The results show a statistically significant increase in brand awareness by 20% (p < 0.01), brand loyalty by 25% (p < 0.01), perceived quality by 18% (p < 0.01), and brand associations by 19% (p < 0.01). These findings provide practical contributions to higher education institutions by demonstrating that interactive multimedia is not merely a communication tool but an effective strategy for building emotional engagement with audiences and enhancing institutional reputation. Furthermore, qualitative insights highlight the role of interactive multimedia in fostering deeper emotional connections and improving perceptions of quality. This research supports adopting technologies like Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) to enrich future learning experiences. Continuous implementation and innovation in interactive content are also necessary to remain relevant and competitive in the dynamic education market.
Enhancing Data Security through Digital Image Steganography: An Implementation of the Two Least Significant Bits (2LSB) Method
Authors: Hakim Fitro Nur , Sholikhan Muhammad
Published: November 2024

The rapid advancement of digital communication technologies has heightened the demand for robust data security methods, particularly for safeguarding sensitive information against cyber threats. Steganography, the art of concealing data within digital media, offers an effective means of securing communication by masking the very existence of hidden messages. This study evaluates the Two Least Significant Bits (2LSB) method as an enhancement to the conventional Least Significant Bit (LSB) technique, focusing on improving storage capacity and resistance to detection. The research employs a quantitative methodology, conducting experiments to analyze the impact of data embedding on image quality using metrics such as Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR). Data embedding was tested on images of varying sizes and resolutions, with results compared before and after embedding. The study also evaluates the system’s tolerance to compression and robustness against steganalysis attacks, such as histogram analysis and noise detection. The results demonstrate that the 2LSB method significantly enhances storage capacity while maintaining high image quality. For instance, PSNR values remained above 40 dB across all tested images, indicating minimal visual distortion. The method also showed resilience to lossless compression formats such as PNG, with minimal impact on data integrity. However, lossy compression formats like JPEG posed challenges in maintaining the embedded data. The MSE values before and after embedding were minor, ensuring that the hidden data remained undetectable under standard analysis. This research contributes to developing more efficient and secure steganography techniques, providing practical applications in protecting sensitive data during transmission. The findings underline the 2LSB method's potential as a viable solution for digital security, balancing enhanced storage capacity with robust resistance to detection. Future work should further explore integrating advanced encryption with 2LSB to strengthen data protection in diverse digital environments
Sobre a desconexão contemporânea da práxis, ou por uma arquitetura como ideação construída do arquiteto
Authors: De Francisco Linardi Fabrício , Lemes da Silva Neto Manoel
Published: November 2024

Discute-se a arquitetura no Brasil a partir da noção de práxis. Da dinâmica indissociável entre ação teórica e ação prática. A práxis é intrínseca ao fazer arquitetura revelando, pela análise, diferentes níveis de interação entre suas dimensões que ora se aproximam, ora se afastam. A práxis é sensível ao contexto. Tanto relacionada ao corpo disciplinar da arquitetura, quanto à conjuntura política, econômica e cultural vigente em cada período histórico, interpenetrando-se. A busca consciente de realizações de ideias-projeto, da ideação construída, pode apresentar uma leitura histórica da produção de arquitetura no Brasil a partir do século XX por meio da ótica da práxis. Paradoxalmente, no tempo presente, a práxis da arquitetura brasileira contemporânea tem sido influenciada pelas circunstâncias conjunturais das últimas décadas e o debate da arquitetura, substancialmente reprimido ou calado, outorga à ação projetual uma ação unicamente obediente ao mercado.
Contribuições a uma biblioteca brasileira de Arquitetura
Authors: Matoso Macedo Danilo
Published: November 2024

Com o levantamento de 140 acervos na América Portuguesa colonial e mais de 200 obras coevas afeitas ao tema da arquitetura, podemos afirmar que circulava em seu território um corpo consistente de impressos relacionados de algum modo ao que se construía aqui nos dois primeiros séculos de colonização. Embora não se pudessem dar livros aos prelos, foram impressas na Europa – entre artigos e códices completos – cerca de 40 obras de autores nascidos no Brasil ou que aqui trabalharam do início da colonização a 1750 (morte de D. João V e início da era pombalina), atestando a absorção e a reprodução de tal conhecimento.
Fluxo Narrativo na Historiografia Arquitetônica
Authors: Ossani Tais , Verde Zein Ruth , Esteban Maluenda Ana
Published: November 2024

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão a respeito da movimentação do tempo cronológico em sete narrativas canônicas sobre o século XX da arquitetura. Nele são estudados elementos teóricos sobre a construção textual dos fatos do passado, organizados estruturalmente em uma publicação bibliografica. E a partir desses livros, como objeto de pesquisa e amostra de estudo, são coletados dados cronológicos na elaboração de gráficos comparativos, de modo a perceber a movimentação desses fatos na construção da narrativa histórica.
Teorias do Espaço e a Arquitetura Moderna
Authors: Parente Rocha Mércia , Cotrim Márcio
Published: November 2024

Este artigo pretende revelar alguns dos fundamentos teóricos do espaço da Arquitetura Moderna, ao cotejar as teorias espaciais de Adolf Hildebrand e August Schmarsow com os ensaios seminais do artista László Moholy-Nagy e do arquiteto Rudolph Schindler.
dedo na ferida. Um balanço [necessário] sobre a discussão de gênero no Brasil através dos eventos especializados em Arquitetura e Urbanismo, 1986-2023.
Authors: Huapaya Espinoza José Carlos , Da Silva Cerqueira Laís , Santos Falcão Ruhana
Published: November 2024

É possível afirmar que a discussão sobre gênero no campo da arquitetura e do urbanismo no Brasil é relativamente nova e não tem, provavelmente, mais do que cinco anos; ou seja, ela se torna mais consistente, recorrente e contundente mais ou menos a partir de 2020. O início da pandemia no Brasil e as restrições de isolamento que se estenderam até 2021, paradoxalmente, impulsionaram uma avalanche de Encontros, Seminários, Conferências, Lives, Mesas Redondas virtuais, etc. Nesse contexto é que surgem algumas indagações como: no caso dos eventos consolidados como o ENANPUR, os SHCU e o ENANPARQ, como essa questão vem sendo abordada? Qual espaço e a partir de quando a questão do gênero aparece? Quais perspectivas são favorecidas ou discutidas? Quem escreve sobre? A análise realizada nos revelou um panorama bastante negativo, podendo afirmar que a discussão sobre a temática é praticamente inexistente. Sem dúvida, os resultados apontados neste artigo servem como uma autocrítica para nossa área, como uma forma de colocar o dedo na ferida para que possamos reagir diante desse aparente desinteresse.
A coluna do Alvorada
Authors: Tostes Lia
Published: November 2024

Superpostas a listras nas cores nacionais, verde e amarelo, duas fotografias em preto e branco da maquete de um palácio ilustram a capa do sexto exemplar da revista Módulo em dezembro de 1956. Essas imagens seriam o primeiro registro da nova capital. O palácio da capa é o Palácio da Alvorada, cuja coluna se tornou a epítome de um grupo de símbolos codificados relacionados a um senso de orgulho nacional apartidário (SEGRE, 1977).
Uma história toda sua
Authors: De Sousa Cruz Leandro
Published: November 2024

Há cem anos, em abril de 1924, a revista Vanity Fair publicou em suas páginas o poema “If I Told Him [...]”, no qual Gertrude Stein oferece um “retrato acabado” de seu amigo Pablo Picasso (Stein, 1924). Se por um lado o texto reflete a influência do cubismo e da pintura de Picasso em sua forma, desmembrando e reestruturando a linguagem de uma maneira que se assemelha à maneira como o cubismo decompõe e reconfigura a percepção visual, por outro, ele também pode ser lido como um manifesto em que Stein questiona a autoridade de quem pode produzir “retratos”.
Assessing storm surge model performance: what error indicators can measure the model's skill?
Authors: Campos-Caba Rodrigo , Alessandri Jacopo , Camus Paula , Mazzino Andrea , Ferrari Francesco , Federico Ivan , Vousdoukas Michalis , Tondello Massimo , Mentaschi Lorenzo
Published: November 2024

Abstract. A well-validated storm surge numerical model is crucial, offering precise coastal hazard information and serving as a basis for extensive databases and advanced data-driven algorithms. However, selecting the best model setup based solely on common error indicators like the root-mean-square error (RMSE) or Pearson correlation does not always yield optimal results. To illustrate this, we conducted 34-year high-resolution simulations for storm surge under barotropic (BT) and baroclinic (BC) configurations using atmospheric data from ERA5 and a high-resolution downscaling of the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) developed by the University of Genoa (UniGe). We combined forcing and configurations to produce three datasets: (1) BT-ERA5, (2) BC-ERA5, and (3) BC-UniGe. The model performance was assessed against nearshore station data using various statistical metrics. While RMSE and Pearson correlation suggest BT-ERA5, i.e., the coarsest and simplest setup, is the best model (followed by BC-ERA5), we demonstrate that these indicators are not always reliable for performance assessment. The most sophisticated model (BC-UniGe) shows worse values of RMSE or Pearson correlation due to the so-called “double penalty” effect. Here we propose new skill indicators that assess the ability of the model to reproduce the distribution of the observations. This, combined with an analysis of values above the 99th percentile, identifies BC-UniGe as the best model, while ERA5 simulations tend to underestimate the extremes. Although the study focuses on the accurate representation of storm surge by the numerical model, the analysis and proposed metrics can be applied to any problem involving the comparison between time series of simulation and observation.
Dynamiken der Migration. Kulturen räumlicher Mobilität
Authors: Steidl Annemarie
Published: November 2024

Dynamics of Migration. Cultures of Spatial Mobility.
The early modern period can be characterized by forced expansion of the state and, especially in the 18th century, by increased efforts by the administration to register and control its mobile population. In a process of ordering and managing, the Habsburg Empire promoted the regional mobility of trained workers and entrepreneurs, while the movement radius of other parts of the population was severely restricted or forcefully steered in certain directions. The main connecting routes, which included the Danube as well as regional and local roads of Lower Austria, were bustling with activity. Not only goods and animals, but in particular people of all social classes moved within the province and across its borders. The following text examines the effects of state intervention on migration controls in Lower Austria and Vienna by using examples of recruited
businesspeople, manufacturers, settlers, tramping artisans, deported Protestants, and other lower social strata such as beggars and vagrant people.

Keywords: migration culture, migration politics, deportation, mercantilism, artisan
mobility
Die Malerei al fresco. Ein niederösterreichisches Phänomen?
Authors: Gamerith Andreas
Published: November 2024

Painting al fresco. A Lower Austrian Phenomenon?
Monumental painting was one of the striking characteristics of the artistic landscape in Lower Austria during the 18th century. Although many of the remarkable fresco decorations are related to developments in the art centre of Vienna, the demands of the clients led to very independent results. While Italian specialists dominated the field of fresco painting until 1730, local artists established themselves thereafter. The monasteries in particular used the medial power of the paintings for their artistic concepts, which were in principle strongly in the tradition of the Counter-Reformation; the close connection of Catholic content to the forms of expression of monumental painting, however, also brought with it increasing scepticism and even rejection on the part of the “enlightened” public in the last third of the century. The study attempts to analyse the
developments chronologically, whereby the media and content-related possibilities of the frescoes are also treated as part of the cultural-historical phenomenon.

Keywords: Franz Anton Maulbertsch, Paul Troger, Martin Johann Schmidt, monastic art, Enlightenment
Musik und ihre Akteure. Zur musikalischen Praxis sozialer Gruppen
Authors: Hilscher Elisabeth
Published: November 2024

Music and its Actors. On the Musical Practice of Social Groups.
Musical life in the Land unter der Enns was in flux in several respects in the 18th century. If one
contrasts the four main stakeholders – the Church, town/civil society, the nobility, and “the people”/peasantry – one can discern shifts in emphasis over the course of the century. This can be seen most clearly in the sphere of the Church. The Catholic Enlightenment and Josephinism brought a temporary end to the flourishing piety of the Baroque period and broadened the pastoral base through the foundation of new parish churches and uniform hymnals/song books. However, research on the
numerous aristocratic residences in the country is thin, but the retreat from Baroque splendour to exclusive entertainment seems to have been a general tendency. The changes in the urban-bourgeois sphere as well as in the “music of the people” can only be viewed retrospectively from the perspective of the 19th century, when the replacement of the old guild structures by associations and the new concept of “leisure” shaped musical practice in the cities.

Keywords: church music, thurnermeister (town musicians), organ building, sacred theatre, music history
Jüdische Räume. Spurensuche zwischen Stadt und Land
Authors: Rosner Elisabeth
Published: November 2024

Jewish Spaces. Searching for Traces Between Town and Country.
Between the expulsion of the Jewish population of Vienna and Lower Austria (1669/71) and the Patent of Toleration for the Jews in 1782, only a small number of court Jews were able to establish themselves in Vienna. Lower Austria remained a forbidden land for Jewish settlement. Nevertheless, Jewish merchants in particular sought opportunities to live and earn a living there, through official and forbidden channels, which were opened up to them by the authorities’ restrictive but uneven and inconsistent Jewish policy. On the basis of numerous sources, some of which are used for the first time, the range of Jewish living spaces in Austria below the Enns between court Jews, merchant Jews, and beggar Jews is presented. Baptism alone promised equal legal status. Jewish conversions to Christianity reflect the desire of an assimilating Jewish upper class for emancipation and equality, but above all they demonstrate the existential needs of the otherwise elusive Jewish lower classes.

Keywords: merchant Jews, Jewish lower classes, Jews and jurisdiction, baptism, Patent of Toleration
Unterricht und Schule. Umstrittene Bildungsräume
Authors: Hellmuth Thomas
Published: November 2024

Teaching and School. Contested Educational Spaces.
The 18th century was a time of change for education. Maria Theresa and Joseph II placed it under state control and introduced education compulsory for children from the age of 6 to 12. Educational
concepts influenced by the Enlightenment were taken up and teacher training was professionalized. Nevertheless, the educational reforms were aimed at an amputated “Mündigkeit”. The educational reforms were primarily intended not to guarantee individual freedom, but rather to ensure economic functionalization and the subordination of the individual to the state. However, the implementation of the educational reforms was not so easy: the Church continued to try to secure its influence on education. In addition, it was difficult to convince the people, especially in rural areas, of the value of compulsory education. A nuanced view is thus required of the educational reforms of the 18th century. The educational reforms of Maria Theresa and Joseph II can hardly be understood as the basis of a modern school system committed to the Enlightenment.

Keywords: education reforms, Enlightenment, economic functionalization, religious education, compulsory education
Geographic Information System of Early Childhood School Mapping Using Android-Based Dijkstra Algorithm
Authors: Rasna Rasna , Irjii Matdoan Moh Rahmat , Yuntina Lily , Junaidi Junaidi , Setiawati Eka
Published: November 2024

The PAUD school mapping geographic information system (GIS) is an innovative Android-based application designed to efficiently assist users in finding the closest route to PAUD schools. By leveraging GPS technology, this system displays a detailed geographic map that guides users effectively through their surroundings. At the core of its functionality is the Dijkstra Algorithm, which ensures the calculation of the shortest path to the desired location, making navigation straightforward and reliable. The design process employs UML (Unified Modeling Language) to create a clear structure and user-friendly interface, enhancing the overall user experience. Developed in Java and supported by the Android Studio platform, this GIS provides essential information about PAUD addresses, their statuses, and available facilities. This comprehensive approach allows users to make informed decisions about educational opportunities for their children. The system has undergone rigorous testing to validate its effectiveness. This practical application demonstrates the system's capability in real-world scenarios and highlights its role in improving access to early childhood education. Furthermore, the PAUD mapping geographic information system is a valuable community resource. By delving into geographic data and providing actionable insights, it aims to bridge gaps in educational access. Ultimately, this GIS is an essential tool for parents and educators, facilitating informed choices and enhancing the journey toward quality education for young learners. Its integration of modern technology with educational accessibility makes it an ultimate resource in fostering early childhood development.
Resposta da Vegetação Campos de Altitude às Mudanças Climáticas na Faixa Altitudinal Acima de 400 Metros na Serra do Amolar e Morraria do Urucum, Pantanal Brasileiro
Authors: Pessi Dhonatan Diego , Silva Normandes Matos da , Mioto Camila Leonardo , Grigio Alfredo Marcelo , Oliveira Francisco das Chagas , Ribeiro Vinicius de Oliveira , Gonçalves Fábio Veríssimo , Diodato Marco Antonio , Gamarra Roberto Macedo , Pacheco Felipe Siqueira , Filho Antonio Conceição Paranhos
Published: November 2024

Este estudo examina os efeitos impulsionadores das mudanças climáticas na distribuição
espacial da vegetação dos Campos de Altitude ao longo de uma faixa altitudinal acima de 400 m na
Serra do Amolar e Morraria do Urucum, ambas inseridas no Pantanal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil.
Dados foram obtidos a partir da plataforma Google Earth Engine de 1982 a 2022 para dados
climáticos e de 1985 a 2022 para dados de NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index).
Empregou-se o software R para métricas de análise sobre os dados raster na identificação da
variação espacial das médias do NDVI, e correlação de Pearson e regressão linear simples para
estimar a força da relação entre as variáveis climáticas e o NDVI. Foi observada uma tendência
crescente de temperatura, NDVI e precipitação ao longo dos 37 anos analisados e as variáveis de
temperatura e precipitação foram significativamente relacionadas com os dados de NDVI e de
mudança espacial na cobertura vegetal. O estudo revelou assim o mérito desta análise com uma
abordagem técnica para avaliar a contribuição das alterações climáticas versus alteração na
dinâmica da vegetação em ecossistemas montanhosos.
Impactos socioambientais que ameaçam os serviços ecossistêmicos de regulação e manutenção no Parque Regional Corno Alle Scale nos Apeninos Bolonheses, Itália
Authors: Silva Maria do Socorro Ferreira da , Magnami Elisa , Sobrinho Fernando Luiz Araújo
Published: November 2024

esta pesquisa visa identificar os Serviços Ecossistêmicos (SEs) de regulação
e manutenção e os impactos socioambientais no Parque Regional Corno alle Scale em
Lizzano de Belvedere, na Itália. Foram realizados como procedimentos: levantamento
bibliográfico e documental; pesquisa de campo; entrevistas; e análise das informações.
No parque foram identificados 11 serviços de regulação e manutenção — manutenção
da diversidade biológica, controle biológico, regulação climática, regulação hídrica,
purificação e manutenção da oferta de água etc. Esses SEs merecem atenção, pois são
fundamentais para a provisão de diversos benefícios à sociedade. Todavia, são vários
os impactos que ameaçam os recursos naturais e os SEs no parque, como a produção de
neve artificial e a instalação de teleféricos, que causam impactos ao solo, aos recursos
hídricos, à biodiversidade, rompendo, deste modo, o equilíbrio ecológico. Neste
sentido, o enfrentamento às mudanças climáticas está entre os principais desafios na
gestão da área protegida, sendo crucial buscar estratégias alternativas para promover
um turismo sustentável nos Apeninos Bolonheses.
Advancing Patient Care: The Use of Flexible Cystoscopy for Bedside Procedures in Severely Ill Patients
Authors: J. Shah Shrenik , Chaudhary Pratik , Kachhadiya Kapil
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Flexible cystoscopy has emerged as an essential tool in the management of urological conditions, particularly in critically ill patients where traditional cystoscopy may pose significant risks. The bedside application of flexible cystoscopy offers a minimally invasive, practical solution, allowing for prompt evaluation and intervention without the need to transfer unstable patients to the operating room. This study aims to assess the efficacy, safety, and outcomes of bedside flexible cystoscopy in critically ill patients, focusing on its utility in diagnosing and managing hematuria, catheter-related complications, and lower urinary tract injuries.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on critically ill patients who underwent flexible cystoscopy at the bedside in an intensive care unit (ICU) setting in the past one year. The indications for cystoscopy included persistent hematuria, suspected bladder injuries, and catheter-related issues. Data were collected on patient demographics, indications for the procedure, procedural success rates, complications, and the impact on subsequent clinical management. The flexible cystoscopy was performed using a portable cystoscope under local anaesthesia or sedation, depending on the patient's condition.
Results: A total of 158 flexible cystoscopy procedures were performed at the bedside on 142 critically ill patients. The most common indications were hematuria (45%), catheter malfunctions (32%), and suspected bladder injuries (23%). Procedural success was achieved in 94% of cases, with immediate diagnostic findings in 82% of patients. Interventions based on cystoscopic findings included catheter adjustments, clot evacuation, and, in some cases, stent placement. The complication rate was low (4%), with no major adverse events reported. The bedside procedure eliminated the need for patient transfer to the operating room in 89% of cases, significantly reducing the risk of transportation-related complications.
Conclusion: Bedside flexible cystoscopy is a safe, effective, and practical approach for the evaluation and management of urological issues in critically ill patients. It allows for immediate diagnostic and therapeutic interventions with a minimal complication profile. The ability to perform this procedure at the bedside not only improves patient safety by avoiding transport but also enhances clinical outcomes by facilitating timely and targeted treatment. These findings support the routine use of flexible cystoscopy in the ICU setting as an invaluable tool for managing urological emergencies in critically ill patients.

Key words: flexible cystoscopy, in critically ill patients, diagnostic, bedside, ICU, emergencies
Reverse Kegels Unveiled: A Modern Solution for Coccydynia
Authors: Sahoo Jyotiranjan , Nayak Amitav , Rout Dwarikanath
Published: November 2024

Coccydynia, commonly referred to as tailbone pain, is a condition characterized by discomfort or pain localized to the coccyx, affecting daily activities and quality of life. This condition can be triggered by trauma, prolonged sitting, childbirth, or other factors causing inflammation or injury to the coccyx. Coccydynia is relatively rare but disproportionately affects females due to anatomical differences, such as a wider pelvic angle and reduced coccygeal mobility. The causes are diverse, with many cases following traumatic events, repetitive strain injuries, childbirth, or biomechanical issues, though a significant portion remains idiopathic.
Symptoms are often aggravated by prolonged sitting, direct pressure on the coccyx, or transitioning from sitting to standing, leading to significant functional limitations and reduced quality of life. Diagnosis typically involves a clinical history, physical examination, and imaging studies like dynamic radiographs and MRI, which can identify abnormal coccygeal mobility. Treatment ranges from conservative approaches, including physical therapy and localized injections, to surgical options such as coccygectomy. Despite these interventions, treatment outcomes vary, and no standardized management protocols exist.
This review synthesizes recent studies on coccydynia, discussing its biomechanical and physiological aspects, diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic approaches. By analysing evidence-based practices, this paper aims to inform clinical decision-making and enhance patient outcomes in managing this challenging condition.

Key words: Coccydynia, Tailbone pain, Coccyx injury, Chronic pain, Conservative treatment, Coccygectomy
Application of Microgranules from Endophyte Bacteria in Stimulating Vegetative Growth of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.)
Authors: Warsito Kabul , Asmaq Nur , Irawan Indra
Published: November 2024

Increase the vegetative growth of arabica coffee, needs to be innovation in the fertilizer used. The latest innovation in fertilizer manufacturing technology is to form endophytic bacterial cell cultures into microgranules using encapsulation techniques. The application of microgranules to Arabica coffee plants is carried out using the factorial CRD (Completely Randomized Design) method consisting of 2 factors, 16 treatments, 2 replications. The treatment of seed immersion time with the addition of endophytic bacterial suspension consists of: B0: without immersion, B1: 6.5 Hours; B1: 7.5 Hours; B3: 8.5 Hours. The addition of endophytic bacterial microgranule consisted of I0: 0 gr; I1: 5 grams; I2: 10 grams; I3: 15 grams. The data obtained were analyzed using variance analysis. The results of the variance analysis were continued with multiple distance tests. Isolation of coffee roots and stems obtained 8 isolates of endophytic bacteria. From the results of the research, the growth of coffee in suspension immersion and microgranule administration was very influential, the best plant height was in treatment B2 (14.20 cm) and the lowest treatment was in B0 (9.96 cm). While the diameter of the best treatment was in B3 (1.66 mm) and the lowest treatment was in B0 (1.39 mm).

Keywords: Microgranules, Endophytes, Arabica Coffee
Development of a Project-Based Learning E-Module on Human Circulatory System Material
Authors: Wulandari Presty , Din Uno Wirnangsi , Mardin Herinda
Published: November 2024

The study aims to evaluate the validity, practicality, and cognitive learning outcomes associated with a project-based learning e-module designed for 11th-grade students at SMA Negeri 1 Kabila. Employing the ADDIE development model, data was collected using validation sheets and questionnaires. A trial was conducted with 15 students from class XI IPA 5 at SMA Negeri 1 Kabila. The results indicate that: 1) the validity score from media expert validation is 82.8% (Very Valid), and from material expert validation is 91% (Very Valid); 2) the practicality score based on student questionnaire responses is 86.3% (Very Practical), and from teacher questionnaire responses is 89% (Very Practical); 3) students' cognitive learning outcomes, as demonstrated by pretest and post test results, show a classical percentage score of 75%, with an N-Gain score of 0.75, categorized as (High). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the project-based learning e-module on the human circulatory system is valid, practical, and effective for use in the Biology learning process at SMA Negeri 1 Kabila.

Keywords: E-module, Project-based learning, Human circulatory system, Cognitive learning outcomes
Evaluating the Performance of Mutual Fund Managers: A Comparative Analysis of Market Timing and Stock Selection using the Treynor-Mazuy Model in the Indian Market
Authors: Retracted
Published: November 2024

This research paper, "Evaluating the Performance of Mutual Fund Managers: The paper entitled “A Comparative Analysis of Market Timing and Stock Selection Using the Treynor-Mazuy Model in the Indian Market” analyses the vital mutual fund performance of the Indian market. It reviews previous research on mutual fund performance evaluation, market timing ability, and related issues, and attempts to reconcile conflicting prior findings. The data used for the study is from January 2019 to December 2023 and the sample is of Indian mutual fund managers using the Treynor-Mazuy market timing model. The results were consistent with previous study by Dr. Soumya Guha Deb, and they shed some light on fund managers' selectivity and market timing skills in the Indian market. Emphasising the importance of precise performance metrics for investors, fund managers and regulators, the study offers vital insights into the performance of fund managers in one of the world’s largest fast-growing countries.
Insights into University Composite Rankings from Explainable AI Counterfactuals
Authors: Rodriguez Armando , Heudorfer George , Kench Brian
Published: November 2024

University Rankings exert considerable influence in higher-education decision-making. Yet, as an artifact of their construction, rankings are largely unhelpful in conveying practical strategic insights to university administrators intent on improving their college’s rank. Machine learning tools such as interpretable machine learning (IML) and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), taking aim at piercing obscure, black-box algorithms have gained a lot of interest recently. However, there appear to be few deployments of their use in appraising University rankings. In this work, using data representing QS Rankings data of USA MBA programs we show how counterfactual XAI can support proactive responses by educational stakeholders to Rankings outcomes.  Explaining individual predictions opens great opportunities for intervention and strategizing. The method is applicable to any extant rankings.
توظيف الأفعال الكلامية في ديوان الزمزمي المكي (ت: 976هـ): دراسة تداولية
Authors: الشمري عواد بن بايق
Published: November 2024

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد مستويات الأفعال الكلامية في ديوان الزمزمي المتوفى في (976ه)، والكشف عن دور القوة الإنجازية المباشرة وغير المباشرة في إيضاح المعنى، وقد تم الاعتماد على المنهج التداولي باعتباره منهجا يهتم بدراسة اللغة في أثناء الاستعمال. وقد سارت بعد مقدمة وتمهيد نظري في محورين: الأول تناول الأفعال الكلامية المباشرة، والآخر تناول الأفعال الكلامية غير المباشرة، وقد توصلت إلى مجموعةٍ من النتائج، من أهمها: استطاع الزمزمي أن يشتغل على الأفعال الكلامية: المباشرة، وغير المباشرة؛ مما أثر في تنوع التأثيرات الخطابية، كما كشفت الدراسة عن تمكن الزمزمي من إيضاح المعنى المستلزم والصورة الإنجازية التي وضعت لها الألفاظ في مختلف سياقاتها، وقد استخدم الأفعال الكلامية المباشرة في ضوء الهدف الذي أراده من تأليفه، وبقصديةٍ منه.
الدموع في شعر المتنبي: دراسة نفسية
Authors: الجابري يوسف محمد
Published: November 2024

يهدف البحث إلى معرفة دلالات الدموع في أغراض شعر المتنبي، وتتلخص مشكلة البحث في الإجابة عن السؤال الرئيس، كيف وظف المتنبي الدموع في القصيدة؟ ويتفرّع من هذا السؤال بعض الأسئلة التي سيُعنى بها البحث، وهي: وما دلالة الدموع في شعر المتنبي؟ وما الرابط بين الغرض والدمع؟ وسيتضمّن مقدمة وتمهيد ومبحثين وخاتمة، سيُعنى المبحث الأول بموضوع الدموع في أغراض المتنبي الشعرية ممهدًا بالدموع في بنية قصيدته، ثم يأتي على الأغراض التي يكون فيها استدرار الدموع. ويحمل المبحث الثاني عنوان الدموع في شعر المتنبي دراسة تطبيقيّة؛ حيث ستكون دراسة تحليليّة على إحدى قصائده التي تتكشّف من خلالها وظيفة الدموع في بناء قصيدته، وما تكشفه من علاقة بين البنية النفسيّة للمتنبي وبنية قصيدته. أن بنية النسيب كانت الأكثر حظا في استدرار دموعه، كما كان المتنبي محافظًا على موضوع فراق الحبيبة، وكذلك تجلى المتنبي العاشق في اتزان شخصي.
توظيف اللغة والحركة في شعر محمد جبر الحربي
Authors: الحربي وفاء بنت هادي بن زويبن
Published: November 2024

يهدف البحث إلى دراسة الصورة الحركية في شعر محمد جبر الحربي؛ لما لها من أهمية في الدراسات النقدية الحديثة، ولقدرتها على التعبير بشكل أدق عن مراد الشاعر، فهي تجعل الذات في حالة من التفاعل الدائم مع ما حولها من الذوات والأشياء والأحداث، من هنا جاء الاختيار لهذه الدراسة التي تسعى إلى إبراز كل ما له علاقة بالحركة سواء أكان ذلك بشكل مباشر، أم غير مباشر، وكذلك الأسباب التي أدّت إلى حضور الصورة الحركية عند الحربي، وأبرز الطرق التي يسعى الشاعر من خلالها إلى توظيف عنصر الحركة، ثم إيضاح نوعية الصور، وبيان الدلالات التي تضمنتها صور الشاعر الحركية، ثم بيان مكونات الصورة الحركية في جانبها اللغوي، وكيف أنها تتنوّع وتتعدد، وأن الغموض يكاد يكون طابعها العام، وقد خلصت إلى أن الشاعر يعتمد -في توظيف عنصر الحركة- على طريقين اثنين: الأول عن طريق حركة مستمدة من أفعال اللغة، والثاني عن طريق الحركة الممزوجة بالصوت الصادر عن بعض مكونات الطبيعة، وأنه يزاوج في الأفعال الحركية بين الحسي والمعنوي، كما أن دلالات الأفعال الحركية تتنوّع في نصوص الحربي فمنها ما يتصل بالانتقال والتحول، ومنها يرتبط بالاستمرار والمواصلة، ومنها ما له علاقة بالقوة الشدة، وغير ذلك.
الآراء النحوية والصرفية لأبي على الفارسي ودورها في توجيه القراءات القرآنية في التفسير الكبير للرازي
Authors: العطوي عائشة سعيد صالح
Published: November 2024

يأتي هذا البحث لبيان دور آراء أبي علي الفارسي النحوية واللغوية في هذا الشأن في التفسير الكبير للرازي. كما يدرس الآراء النحوية واللغوية لأبي علي الفارسي، وبيان دور تلك الآراء في توجيه القراءات القرآنية؛ سعيًا إلى تحقيق التكامل المعرفي بين علوم عدة؛ منها القراءات والنحو وفقه اللغة والتفسير والفقه. وقد جاء البحث في مقدمة وتمهيد ومبحثين وخاتمة: التمهيد: تعريفاتٌ ومفاهيمُ. والمبحث الأول: أهم الآراء النحوية لأبي علي الفارسي في التفسير الكبير. والمبحث الثاني: أهم آرائه اللغوية. ومن أهم نتائج البحث أنه من اللافت أن الرازي قد وافق الفارسي في كثير من آرائه النحوية واللغوية في توجيه القراءات، وهذه الموافقة لم تمنع الرازي من أن يخالفه في بعض الآراء إذا توافر الدليل على ذلك، والأمثلة كثيرة في متن البحث.