bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
QUANTITATIVE APPROACH TO DETERMINE PEDESTRIAN DELAY AND LEVEL OF SERVICE AT SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Ammu , Ram Sewa , Sarkar Pradip Kumar
Published: February 2018

Purpose: Level of Service is a widely adopted terminology to determine the efficiency of any transport system. From the literature it was studied that the multiple linear regression models established by many researchers to determine PLoS evolved with addition or removal of one or more physical parameters or with respect to the perception of users from different locations. At an intersection, there is little or no established methodology developed so far to determine a quantitative approach for PLoS similar to Vehicular Level of Service (VLoS). It was also pointed out that under heterogeneous traffic conditions, pedestrians are most vulnerable at intersections and they share the same space with motorized vehicles for crossing movements.
Methodology: Thus, this study was built on the hypothesis that pedestrian delay of a signalized intersection is quantitatively dependent on pedestrian volume, vehicular volume and cycle time. Two signalized intersections operating as fully actuated and fixed cycle time were considered for study for period of four hours each, covering two hours of morning peak and off-peak hour traffic data.
Main Findings: Using various statistical techniques, an empirical model was developed between the pedestrian delay and independent variables namely cycle time, pedestrian volume and vehicular volume. PLoS range was also determined through k-means clustering technique.
Implications: The empirical model developed was validated and the application of this research was also explained.
Novelty: The study is a new quantitative approach to determine PLoS and was limited to two intersections. Increase in the data may improve the accuracy of the model.
Rewitalizacja a Odnowa Wsi. Analiza porównawcza instrumentów Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Biczkowski Mirosław , Biczkowska Marta
Published: February 2018

Artykuł został poświęcony szerszemu omówieniu istoty dwóch instrumentów związanych z rozwojem wsi, finansowanych ze środków Unii Europejskiej, tj. odnowie oraz rewitalizacji wsi. Odnowa i rewitalizacja to dwa ważne instrumenty rozwoju wsi, które są współfinansowane ze środków Unii Europejskiej w ramach Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej (poprzez Program Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich – odnowa wsi) oraz polityki spójności (poprzez Regionalne Programy Operacyjne poszczególnych województw – rewitalizacja). W artykule dokonano charakterystyki obu podejść wraz ze wskazaniem podobieństw i różnic, które się z nimi wiążą. Ponadto udzielono odpowiedzi na pytanie, na ile każdy z instrumentów wpływa na aktywizację mieszkańców oraz uwzględnia w procesie tworzenia poszczególnych dokumentów udział różnych grup społecznych, instytucji publicznych i prywatnych itp. Obydwa podejścia – choć w założeniach podobne do siebie – nie dublują się ani nie wykluczają, ale uzupełniają się i są względem siebie komplementarne.
Przeobrażenia morfologiczne wsi w strefie podmiejskiej Wrocławia
Authors: Szmytkie Robert , Nowak Bartosz
Published: February 2018

Zasadniczym celem opracowania jest identyfikacja głównych kierunków przeobrażeń morfologicznych, jakim podlegają miejscowości leżące w strefie podmiejskiej Wrocławia. Stwierdzono, że głównymi skutkami intensywnego ruchu budowlanego na tym obszarze są: transformacja pierwotnych układów przestrzennych podmiejskich wsi, zmiany fizjonomiczne związane z wprowadzeniem na obszary podmiejskie nowej, odmiennej dla wsi zabudowy i powstanie nowego typu krajobrazu – krajobrazu podmiejskiego.
Ryzyko powodziowe w miastach nadodrzańskich w kontekście sposobu zagospodarowania obszarów zalewowych
Authors: Lechowska Ewa
Published: February 2018

W pracy podjęto próbę określenia ryzyka powodziowego w oparciu o sposób zagospodarowania obszarów zalewowych w miastach nadodrzańskich w Polsce. Kryterium oceny ryzyka powodziowego jest powierzchnia zajmowana przez konkretne formy zagospodarowania w granicach terenu zalewowego. Oceny dokonano poprzez uporządkowanie liniowe wszystkich miast nadodrzańskich według poziomu ryzyka powodziowego (ranking miast), a następnie ich pogrupowanie. Otrzymane wyniki odzwierciedlają poziom ryzyka powodziowego miast względem siebie.
Międzynarodowa konkurencyjność litewskiej gospodarki a jej innowacyjność
Authors: Dachnevič Agata
Published: February 2018

Uważa się, że innowacje są jednym z głównych czynników, jeśli chodzi o kształtowanie międzynarodowej pozycji konkurencyjnej gospodarki. Celem niniejszej pracy jest ukazanie innowacyjności jako czynnika warunkującego poziom konkurencyjności litewskiej gospodarki w latach 2006–2016. Aby osiągnąć postawiony cel, szczegółowo przeanalizowano czynniki konkurencyjności Litwy, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem innowacyjności. W pierwszej części artykułu przestawiono zarys teoretyczny pojęć związanych z międzynarodową konkurencyjnością oraz innowacyjnością gospodarki. Drugą część poświęcono analizie zmian konkurencyjności gospodarki litewskiej w latach 2006–2016 na podstawie raportów WEF. W ostatniej części zbadano innowacyjność Litwy według rankingu WEF i Europejskiego Rankingu Innowacyjności. Z przeprowadzonej analizy wynika, że innowacyjność nie jest czynnikiem istotnie pobudzającym wzrost konkurencyjności Litwy.
VULNERABILIDADE AMBIENTAL DAS MARGENS DO RIO TIETÊ
Authors: Rezende Líria De , Kaiser Ilza Machado , Peixoto Anna Silvia Pacheco
Published: February 2018

A atividade humana produz impacto ambiental negativo comprometendo as condições do solo, das margens do rio e da água. Um primeiro impacto advém da retirada da mata ciliar ao longo do leito fluvial, que é a primeira ação da ocupação humana, e vai se reforçando conforme o uso do solo. A construção de náuticos e condomínios, entre outras áreas de lazer à margem dos rios, aumentam o escoamento superficial e a descarga de efluentes. A agricultura faz uso da água para irrigação e a devolve para o ambiente com agrotóxicos e fertilizantes. A pecuária interfere na estabilidade das margens pelo pisoteio dos animais. Essas, entre outras ações antrópicas reforçam os processos erosivos, de sedimentação e assoreamento tornando vulnerável todo o corpo d’água e suas margens. Além disso, outra atividade muito observada foi piscicultura, a qual induz a inserção de espécies exógenas que podem trazer a uma possível mudança no habitat, além da introdução de rações em ambiente aquático levando ao superpovoamento de algas e assim comprometendo o nível de oxigênio na água. Dessa maneira, este trabalho aborda a questão dos impactos e da vulnerabilidade tanto das margens como do rio. Para tanto, foi escolhido um trecho do rio Tietê localizado entre as barragens de Bariri e Ibitinga. Observa-se até o momento que as atividades de uso e ocupação de solo e do rio parecem ser relevantes na degradação do rio. Importante ressaltar que a frequência das embarcações e o número de terminais, entretanto sinalizam que a operação da hidrovia não parece ser o agente preponderante de impacto na poluição da água.
APEGO AO LUGAR E SUSTENTABILIDADE AMBIENTAL EM UMA COMUNIDADE RURAL DO SUL DO ESTADO DA BAHIA - BRASIL
Authors: Bruno Nelma Lima , Profice Christiana Cabicieri , Aguiar Paulo César Bahia de , Ferraz Marcelo Inácio Ferreira
Published: February 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo apreciar a sustentabilidade ambiental da Comunidade Rural Fazenda do Povo de Ipiaú, Bahia, com ênfase em sua dimensão social e no apego ao lugar de seus membros. No plano conceitual discutimos o conceito de sustentabilidade ambiental e sua articulação com as comunidades rurais sustentáveis, a saúde ambiental e o apego ao lugar. Para avaliar a sustentabilidade ambiental da comunidade foi elaborado um formulário semiestruturado, com base na abordagem bottom-up, e aplicado a cada família da comunidade. Por meio de uma abordagem multimétodos, foi efetuado o levantamento de documentos e dados secundários e para a coleta de dados em campo foi utilizado formulário semiestruturado, entrevista, observação direta, registros fotográficos e de relatos. Para análise dos dados foram empregadas a análise de conteúdo e a matriz SWOT, além de processamento estatístico descritivo e correlacional. A análise qualitativa dos dados nos permitiu abordar o apego ao lugar da comunidade e sua relação com a sustentabilidade local. Como resultado obteve-se que a comunidade encontra-se em estágio geral de média sustentabilidade ambiental, mesma condição de sua dimensão social; apresenta importantes potencialidades internas, com destaque ao forte sentimento comunitário e expressivo apego ao lugar.
AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL DE CONTAMINAÇÃO DE ÁGUAS COM FÁRMACOS ONCOLÓGICOS EM MUNICÍPIOS DA REGIÃO SUL DO BRASIL
Authors: Silva Ronaldo Ferreira da , Moura Leonardo De Lima , Gavião Luiz Octavio , Lima Gilson Brito Alves , Bidone Edison Dausacker
Published: February 2018

Os rios e lagos recebem despejos poluentes, nem sempre diluídos ou degradados. A deterioração da qualidade da água e sua escassez em grandes centros urbanos resultam da alta densidade populacional, da ocupação irregular do solo, do uso indiscriminado e do despejo de contaminantes. As investigações sobre a ocorrência de substâncias químicas no meio ambiente iniciaram com foco nos metais pesados e, recentemente, nos fármacos.  Estas substâncias são inseridas no ambiente após sua excreção pelos pacientes podendo persistir no meio após tratamento. No Brasil, o problema é agravado porque a maioria dos serviços de saúde não realiza tratamento prévio em seus efluentes, lançando os despejos na rede de esgotos. Se o município não coletar e tratar todo o esgoto produzido, se a vazão da rede for insuficiente para diluir estes despejos e se não houver uma eliminação no tratamento, os fármacos podem alcançar as águas de superfície. Este estudo compara a evolução das populações, da coleta de esgoto e do número de pacientes oncológicos atendidos pelo SUS em 30 municípios da Região Sul do Brasil com os dados do único município onde foi detectada a presença de fármacos oncológicos no país. Como variável referente ao saneamento, utilizou-se o índice de atendimento de esgoto. Como variável demográfica, a população residente nos municípios. Como variável de consumo de fármacos, o total de atendimentos oncológicos.  Os resultados permitem uma avaliação preliminar da influência da evolução do saneamento, do componente demográfico e do número de pacientes atendidos pelo SUS na inserção de resíduos de fármacos oncológicos no ambiente, demostrando um descompasso entre a evolução do saneamento e o acesso à saúde. A evolução dos indicadores de atendimento demonstra a melhoria do acesso à saúde, e de desenvolvimento social, porém, a inserção de fármacos no ambiente devido à deficiências no saneamento demonstra um atraso ambiental.
ESCORREGAMENTO DE SOLOS NA REGIÃO OESTE DO ESTADO DE SANTA CATARINA: CONSEQUÊNCIAS SÓCIO-AMBIENTAIS
Authors: Toniazzo Fabiane , Cantoni Fernanda , Becegato Valter Antonio , Mancuso Malva Andrea , Henkes Jairo Afonso , Demarco Jessica De Oliveira
Published: February 2018

Na atualidade são cada vez mais comuns os eventos e tragédias relacionados aos desastres e/ou eventos naturais, como é o caso de deslizamentos e enchentes, provindos por exemplo de mudanças climáticas, chuvas torrenciais e outros. Devido à grande relevância desta problemática e sua influência tanto nos aspectos sociais e econômicos quanto nos ambientais, este estudo propõe um levantamento de dados sobre o deslizamento de terra ocorrido no Bairro Esperança do município de Marema no extremo-oeste do estado de Santa Catarina. O objetivo do trabalho é identificar métodos para sua estabilização. Para a realização deste estudo buscou-se informações junto ao governo municipal, além da coleta de dados geográficos, via GPS, e fotografias do local. Para uma melhor complementação e caracterização realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica em portais da web, legislações, normas e estudos relacionados ao caso. A área em questão sofreu um deslizamento de terra, o qual atingiu um assentamento que abrigava cerca de 26 habitações. O evento ocorreu entre os dias 21 e 22 de junho de 2011, devido à elevada intensidade das precipitações pluviométricas. O loteamento ocupava a base de uma encosta com relevo inclinado, o que devido as atividades e construções acarretaram no desenvolvimento de uma região com solo frágil. Medidas imediatas de retirada de pessoas foram efetuadas, entretanto a necessidade de isolamento permanente e recuperação da área com plantação de mata nativa é indispensável, bem como a construção de métodos de contenção. Entretanto, tais métodos devem seguir normas e legislações, visando o bem-estar social sem causar mais danos ao meio ambiente.
GESTÃO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS EM INSTITUIÇÕES DE ENSINO: EXPERIÊNCIAS INTERNACIONAIS, NACIONAIS E NO MUNICÍPIO DE BELO JARDIM/PE
Authors: Almeida Jailson De Arruda
Published: February 2018

Este artigo objetiva analisar referenciais teóricos sobre a gestão de resíduos sólidos em instituições de ensino, abordando a questão legal que envolve a temática, algumas experiências internacionais e brasileiras e, neste contexto, identificar os resíduos sólidos gerados, o seu gerenciamento e as iniciativas desenvolvidas em escolas da Rede Pública Estadual do município de Belo Jardim/PE. O estudo foi realizado a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo. A coleta dos dados se deu a partir de questionários e os resultados demonstraram que: os resíduos sólidos gerados nas escolas são bastante diversificados; o seu gerenciamento atende a padrões ambientais e sanitários seguros; e que iniciativas precisam ser otimizadas e adotadas pelas escolas.
PERCEPÇÃO PÚBLICA E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DOS RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS COMO INSTRUMENTO DE APOIO PARA GESTÃO COSTEIRA – ESTUDO DE CASO EM MARTIN DE SÁ, CARAGUATATUBA, SP.
Authors: Mattos Natalia A S , Bondioli Ana Cristina Vigliar
Published: February 2018

Devido à variedade de fontes, dinâmicas costeiras e dos diversos agentes envolvidos, a gestão dos resíduos sólidos em áreas costeiras se torna bastante complexa e particular. Uma forma de analisar esses cenários é estudá-los de maneira mais específica por meio de diagnósticos locais. Tais diagnósticos, por serem localizados, apresentam grande potencial como ferramentas auxiliares ao planejamento de políticas públicas e ações locais. Sendo assim, este estudo propõe uma metodologia diagnóstica baseada no levantamento de resíduos sólidos antropogênicos e na percepção pública sobre o lixo praial na Praia de Martim de Sá, Caraguatatuba-SP. Identificou-se que a distribuição dos resíduos é heterogênea, com maior acúmulo na região norte da praia. Aproximadamente 13.600 itens em 7 diferentes categorias foram coletados, a bituca de cigarro foi o resíduo mais abundante representando 44% da amostra.  As demandas prioritárias da população são por ações educativas e estruturas coletoras. O uso da metodologia diagnóstica parece ter identificado características de produção e descarte de resíduos que não são consideradas pelo atual plano de gerenciamento, além disso, a identificação de potenciais pontos de ação permite o uso dessa ferramenta como forma de apoio a ações futuras de gestão.
PRÁTICAS DE RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL E AMBIENTAL EM UMA INSTITUIÇÃO DE ENSINO SUPERIOR: UMA PROPOSTA DE RESSOCIALIZAÇÃO E CONSERVAÇÃO AMBIENTAL BASEADA EM AÇÕES DOS ALUNOS DO CURSO DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO
Authors: Batista Leila Regina de Oliveira
Published: February 2018

As práticas de responsabilidade social e ambiental vêm despertando o interesse corporativo, comunitário e acadêmico. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as ações de responsabilidade social e ambiental realizadas pelos alunos do curso de Administração do Instituto Cenecista de Ensino Superior de Santo Ângelo, em Santo Ângelo, RS, articulando ensino e extensão com a aprendizagem. A metodologia utiliza a abordagem qualitativa e, como estratégia, o estudo de caso, apoiada em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Os procedimentos da pesquisa incluem entrevistas aplicadas por meio de questionário semiestruturado, com uma amostra de 45 participantes, composta por gestores de supermercados e por consumidores, realizada no período de 15 de setembro a 29 de novembro de 2014. Na análise das ações acadêmicas o estudo adota o paradigma interpretativo. A investigação detém-se no destino dado, na comunidade, ao óleo de cozinha usado. Os resultados apontam que a maioria dos pesquisados não está alinhado ao conceito de sustentabilidade. A conclusão indica a necessidade de intervenções na comunidade que elevem a consciência ambiental e a responsabilidade social.
USO RACIONAL DA ÁGUA EM UMA ESCOLA PÚBLICA DO RECIFE-PE: PERPECÇÃO DOS USUÁRIOS
Authors: Nunes Luiz Gustavo Costa Ferreira , Soares Anna Elis Paz , Silva Juliana Karla da , Silva Simone Rosa da
Published: February 2018

Diversos autores relatam que o uso inconsciente da água e as perdas causadas através de vazamentos são de grande relevância no consumo de água em escolas. A identificação dos setores escolares mais desperdiçadores é de total importância para subsidiar ações para conservação de água. Assim, a proposta do trabalho é avaliar a percepção dos usuários quanto ao uso racional da água de uma escola-piloto localizada no município de Recife (Pernambuco). Assim, a pesquisa ocorreu através de questionários e formulários de observação. Os dados obtidos caracterizaram o consumo de água da escola, apontando os setores com maiores desperdícios e uso inadequado da água, e que devem obter maior atenção para otimizar o consumo de água. Os resultados foram comparados com outros estudos realizados em outras regiões do país, e concluiu-se que a escola não apresenta uma realidade muito diferente de escolas de outras regiões brasileiras.
The Concept Of Tasbīḥ Al- Ālam (Universe’s Glorification): A Comparative Study of According to Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s and Ibn ‘Arabī’s Interpretations
Authors: Aini Inarotul
Published: February 2018

In the Islamic doctrine, Allah is the creator, while the universe including human beings is the creatures. The universe glorifies Allah.  Glorification is the proof of the universe’s obedience to Allah. The study aims to shed light on how the universe performs such a glorification. This article examines the concept of tasbīḥ al-‘ālam proposed by Muḥammad bin al-Ḥusayn Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (544 H/1149 AD – 606 H/1209 AD), a rationalist, in his book Tafsīr al-Kabīr aw Mafātiḥ al-Ghayb and compares it with that of  Muhyiddin Ibn ‘Arabī ( 560 H/ 1149 AD), a mystical interpreter, in his book Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-Karīm. This study shows that there are distinct processes and ways of how the universe commends to God. According to Ibn Arabī, the commendation by the universe is the process of getting annihilation and the unifiction of existence (waḥdah al-wujūd); while al-Rāzī clarifies that the process itself is in metaphoric meaning (majāzi) contingent upon the condition of each part of the universe.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE ATRIBUTOS DO SOLO DE TRILHAS ECOTURÍSTICAS EM UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO DO MUNICÍPIO DE PARATY (RJ)
Authors: Rangel Luana de Almeida , Guerra Antonio Jose Teixeira
Published: February 2018

Em áreas tropicais úmidas, a erosão hídrica é a grande responsável pela perda de solo. A análise de atributos do solo permite inferir áreas que estão sofrendo com processos erosivos e outros tipos de degradação. A atividade ecoturística, pode ser uma forma de conservação do ambiente natural. Porém, a utilização de trilhas pode acarretar impactos quando não há planejamento e manejo adequados para implementação e utilização. A presente pesquisa analisou propriedades do solo, mapeando a ocorrência de processos erosivos em duas trilhas ecoturísticas localizadas no litoral de duas Unidade de Conservação no município de Paraty (RJ), a Reserva Ecológica da Juatinga (REJ) e o Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina (PNSB). Foram coletadas amostras de solo em dois pontos em cada trilha para avaliar propriedades químicas e físicas como textura, densidade, porosidade, matéria orgânica e pH; foram mapeadas feições erosivas e degradações; e, foi estabelecido o grau de dificuldade nas trilhas. Constata-se que a maioria das feições erosivas mapeadas surgiu a partir da implementação das trilhas, já que o traçado delas não é curvilíneo. A retirada da vegetação e a declividade foram fatores determinantes para o surgimento de ravinas e erosão da borda principalmente na trilha localizada na REJ. O efeito do pisoteio evidenciou-se a partir da densidade crítica do solo (1,4-1,5g/cm³). A grande concentração de partículas finas (areia fina + silte superior a 45%) também foi determinante para que fossem atribuídos grau de dificuldade médio, na trilha do PNSB, e elevado, na trilha da REJ.
FUZZY DAN DEMPSTER-SHAFER PADA SISTEM PAKAR DIAGNOSA PENYAKIT TANAMAN CABAI
Authors: Muliadi Muliadi , Budiman Irwan , Pratama Muhammad Adhitya , Sofyan Antar
Published: February 2018

Expert systems are usually used only to help get the results of a diagnosis faster. In the expert system, a method usually used to support a diagnosis process. In this research using the method of Fuzzy and Dempster-Shafer. Fuzzy methods used to find the scale of values belief (trust) a fact with fuzzyficationt process, while the Dempster-Shafer method used to combine pieces of the facts to calculate the likelihood of an event. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the method of Fuzzy and Dempster-Shafer can be applied to the expert system to provide disease diagnosis chili. Where the results of the expert system will produce a presentation about the likelihood of diagnosis of plant diseases chili.

Keywords : Fuzzy Logic, Dempster-Shafer, Expert System, Chili Plants

Sistem pakar biasanya digunakan hanya untuk membantu memperoleh hasil suatu diagnosa dengan lebih cepat. Pada sistem pakar, biasanya digunakan suatu metode untuk mendukung proses suatu diagnosa. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan bantuan metode Fuzzy dan Dempster-Shafer. Metode Fuzzy digunakan untuk mencari bobot nilai belief (kepercayaan) suatu fakta dengan proses fuzzyfikasi, sedangkan metode Dempster-Shafer digunakan untuk menggabungkan potongan fakta untuk mengkalkulasi kemungkinan dari suatu peristiwa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah metode Fuzzy dan Dempster-Shafer dapat diterapkan pada sistem pakar dalam memberikan diagnosa penyakit cabai. Dimana hasil dari sistem pakar ini akan menghasilkan presentasi besarnya kemungkinan terdiagnosanya penyakit tanaman cabai.

Kata kunci : Logika Fuzzy, Dempster-Shafer, Sistem Pakar, Tanaman Cabai
OPTIMASI MULTI TRAVELLING SALESMAN PROBLEM (M-TSP) UNTUK DISTRIBUSI PRODUK PADA HOME INDUSTRI TEKSTIL DENGAN ALGORITMA GENETIKA
Authors: Rizki Agung Mustika , Mahmudy Wayan Firdaus , Yuliastuti Gusti Eka
Published: February 2018

In the field of textile industry, the distribution process is an important factor that can affect the cost of production. For that we need optimization on the distribution process to be more efficient. This problem is a model in the Multi Travelling Salesman Problem (M-TSP). Much research has been done to complete the M-TSP model. Among several methods that have been applied by other researchers, genetic algorithms are a workable method for solving this model problem. In this article the authors chose the genetic algorithm is expected to produce an optimal value with an efficient time. Based on the results of testing and analysis, obtained the optimal population amount of 120. For the optimal generation amount is 800. The test results related to the number of population and the number of generations are used as input to test the combination of CR and MR, obtained the optimal combination of CR = 0 , 4 and MR = 0.6 with a fitness value of 2.9964.

Keywords: Textile Industry, Multi Travelling Salesman Problem (M-TSP), Genetic Algorithm

Pada bidang industri tekstil, proses distribusi merupakan satu faktor penting yang dapat berpengaruh terhadap biaya produksi. Untuk itu diperlukan optimasi pada proses distribusi agar menjadi lebih efisien. Masalah seperti ini merupakam model dalam Multi Travelling Salesman Problem (M-TSP). Banyak penelitian telah dilakukan untuk menyelesaikan model M-TSP. Diantara beberapa metode yang telah diterapkan oleh peneiti lain, algoritma genetika adalah metode yang bisa diterapkan untuk penyelesaian permasalahan model ini. Dalam artikel ini penulis memilih algoritma genetika diharapkan dapat menghasilkan nilai yang optimal dengan waktu yang efisien. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian dan analisis, didapatkan jumlah populasi yang optimal sebesar 120. Untuk jumlah generasi yang optimal adalah sebesar 800. Hasil pengujian terkait jumlah populasi dan jumlah generasi tersebut dijadikan masukan untuk melakukan pengujian kombinasi  CR dan MR, didapatkan kombinasi yang optimal yakni CR=0,4 dan MR=0,6 dengan nilai fitness sebesar 2,9964.

Kata kunci: Industri Tekstil, Distribusi, Multi Travelling Salesman Problem (M-TSP), Algoritma Genetika
Observation of Wild Seaweed Species in Labuhanbua Waters, Indonesia: a preliminary assessment for aquaculture development
Authors: Erlania Erlania , Radiarta I Nyoman
Published: February 2018

Seaweed industry has been growing up and is supplied by either wild or cultivated seaweed crops. This study was aimed to present relevant information regarding ecological availability of wild seaweed in Labuhanbua coastal waters, Sumbawa Regency, West Nusa Tenggara and potential use of important species as candidate species for aquaculture. 46 sampling stations were determined along line transects perpendicular to coastal line; and seaweeds sampling were conducted during low tide by using 1 x 1 m2 quadrat transect. Field data consist of in-situ parameter including number of seaweed species and coverage area of each species; and ex-situ parameters consist of carbohydrate, protein, total C, total N, and total P content of seaweeds. The results showed that 33 species were found and three species has the most widely distribu tion, i.e. Padina sp., Dictyota dichotoma, and Gracilaria salicornia. Turbinaria, Dictyota, Padina, Stoechospermum, Hydroclathrus, Halimeda, and Chaetomorpha might be some important species that could be develop as aquaculture species candidates among other uncultivated species that were found along this study location. They have potencies as human food, livestock feed, neutraceuicals, cosmetics, pulp, textile, biofuel and any other industries; but conversely, they were found in lower density at Labuhanbua coastal waters. These species should be develop through aquaculture technology, involve genetic improvement and possibly genetic engineering. Commercial scale cultivation of those important seaweed species will contribute to industrial needs and prevent decreasing of wild seaweed availability in natural ecosystem.
The Quality of Water of the Downstream of the Siak River, Riau Province, Based on Tidal Condition
Authors: Yuliati Yuliati , Riani Etty , Pramudya N. Bambang Pramudya N. , Fahrudin Achmad
Published: February 2018

The quality of water in a river is affected by its natural condition and pollutant input originated from activities conducted around the river. In the Siak river, however, the black water effect influences thedistribution of the pollutant in general. To understand the quality of water in the black water affected by an area, a study was conducted from December 2015 to July 2016. The water was sampled during lowand high tides, in 8 sampling sites that were distributed along the river, from the mouth of the river in Siak Sri Indrapura Regency to upstream in Palas Village, Kampar Regency (around 180 km from the mouth ofthe river). The results showed that in the downstream of the Siak river, the quality of water during the low and high tides was worse than the 3rd Class Water Quality Standard issued by the Government Regulation (GR No. 82 / 2001) except for the concentration of nitrate, total coliform, Hg, oil and fat. The BOD was 14-39.2 mg/L (the high tide) and 17-45.6 mg/L (the low tide), COD was 51.76-80.62 mg/L (thehigh tide) and 51.76-69.12 mg/L (the low tide), NH3-N was 0.03-1.09 mg/L (the high tide) and 0.03-0.92 mg/L (the low tide), while the NO2-N was 0.13-0.17 mg/L (the high tide) and 0.13-0.22 mg/L (the low tide). Based on the Storet Index, the water of the downstream in the Siak river during the low and the high tide can be categorized as heavily polluted (score -52 to -70), and it tends to decline during the high tide.
Distribution, Condition and Gonad Maturity of the Invasive Pacific Oysters (Crassostrea Gigas, Thunberg 1793) in Cimanuk Delta, Indramayu, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Hermawati Selia , Sulistiono Sulistiono , Samosir Agustinus M
Published: February 2018

Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is an invasive species which is able to adapt a wide range of environmental conditions. The study was conducted from August to October 2014. Objective of this study was to asses the distribution pattern, condition and gonad maturity length (Lm 50%) of the Pacific oysters in mangrove ecosystem of Cimanuk Delta, Indramayu, West Java, Indonesia.  This study was conducted in two adjacent areas:  Pabean Ilir and Pagirikan subdeltas. The oysters were collected from the estuary, brackish water ponds and the coastal flat, and  observed for their abundance, total length (mm) and weight (g). Morphological and histological methods were used to estimate the gonad maturity stage. Analysis were carried out to estimate distribution pattern and condition factor. According to the study, the Pacific oyster distribution pattern was clumped. The condition factor of the oyster was higher in the brackish water pond and estuary than in the coastal flat.  The Pacific oyster was found in gonad maturity stage (GMS) I – IV. The oyster was hermaprodit protandry and had length maturity (Lm 50%) of 47,46-48,43 mm (male) and 75,27-75,50  mm (female).
The Effect of Dietary Phytase Supplementation on Digestibility and Growth of Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer
Authors: Yudhiyanto Totok , Suminto Suminto , Rachmawati Diana
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this research is to evaluate Asian sea bass digestibility and growth fed with phytase dietary supplementation on soybean based fish diet. The initial weight of fish was 4.99±0.2 g with stocking density of 20 fishes per tanks reared in 80 L tank of sea water for 6 weeks. Completely Randomized Design of 50% soybean meal with phytase supplementation of 0; 500; 1,000; and 1,500 FTU kg-1 and three replication was used in this trial. Chromium oxide (Cr2O3) was used as digestibility indicator. Multivariate anova and One way anova (SPSS); linear regression (Microsoft Excel) and polynomial orthogonal (Microsoft Excel and Maple) was used to analyze the data. The results of Multivariate anova showed that phytase supplementation affect total digestibility (KCT) and relative growth rate (RGR) of asian seabass significantly (P<0.01) with phytase dose 1,000 FTU. One way anova also indicated that phytase 1,000 FTU significantly affect all parameters. Apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) phosphorus had a very significant and dominant effect to total digestibility with R2 = 0.9669 than ADC protein and ADC fat (linear regression). KCT significantly affects efficiency of dietary protein (EPP) 30.57% and protein efficiency ratio (PER) 0.67%. EPP and PER significantly effect RGR 1.56%  day-1, simultaneously. The optimal dose of phytase supplementation is 1,220 FTU.
Cadmium Induces the Activation, Concentration, and Expression of MTF-1 Protein As a Biomolecular Response of Sea Urchins Deadema setosum
Authors: Rumahlatu Dominggus
Published: February 2018

Heavy metal cadmium has toxic effects in the bodies of living organisms.However, the bodies of living organisms have the ability to regulate a wide range of toxic entering the body by using biomolecular response that aims at maintaining cell homeostasis. In this research an induction of cadmium in sea urchins Deadema setosum was carried out. Cadmium was induced in 6 levels of concentration in six treatment groups of D. setosum. Each group consisted of 7 individuals.The examination of MTF-1 protein activation was carried out by immunohistochemical method, the measurement of MTF-1 protein concentration was carried out by the indirect ELISA method (Enzyme Linked Imunoasssay) and the examination of MTF-1 protein expression was carried out by western blotting method. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and One Way ANOVA followed by Duncan test 0.05 to determine the mean difference of MTF-1 protein concentration of D. setosum. The research results showed that cadmium induction activated MTF-1 characterized by the condition of liver cells of D. setosum which was brown.The higher the exposure of cadmium concentration on D. setosum, the higher the concentration of MTF-1 expressed
A teologia pública entre pluralidades e contextualidades: uma contribuição protestante
Authors: Zeferino Jefferson
Published: February 2018

O presente texto trata da teologia pública como possível linguagem para um contexto de pluralismos, globalização, diversidade cultural e religiosa. Por meio de uma apresentação introdutória acerca da teologia pública, dialoga-se com a formulação de Ronaldo Cavalcante com o intuito de contribuir à sua proposta de uma teologia pública protestante. Efetivamente, a potência supraconfessional da teologia pública demonstra-se como adequada abordagem de um contexto plural, podendo haurir livremente das tradições religiosas, como a protestante.The current text thinks public theology as possible language to deal with a context of pluralism, globalization, and cultural and religious diversity. Through an introductory presentation about public theology the text dialogues with Ronaldo Cavalcante aiming to contribute to his proposal of a Protestant public theology. Effectively, the supraconfessional force of public theology may be an appropriate approach to a plural context drawing freely from religious traditions such as the Protestant one.
Land Cover Change Simulations in Yangon Under Several Scenarios of Flood and Earthquake Vulnerabilities with Master Plan
Authors: Sritarapipat Tanakorn ,   The University of Tokyo 6-1 Komaba 4-chome, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan, Takeuchi Wataru
Published: February 2018

Yangon is the largest city and major economic area in Myanmar. However, it is considered to have a high risk of floods and earthquakes. In order to mitigate future flood and earthquake damage in Yangon, land cover change simulations considering flood and earthquake vulnerabilities are needed to support urban planning and management. This paper proposes land cover change simulations in Yangon from 2020 to 2040 under various scenarios of flood and earthquake vulnerabilities with a master plan. In our methodology, we used a dynamic statistical model to predict urban expansion in Yangon from 2020 to 2040. We employed a master plan as the future dataset to enhance the prediction of urban expansion. We applied flood and earthquake vulnerabilities based on multi-criteria analysis as the areas vulnerable to disaster. We simulated land cover changes from 2020 to 2040 considering the vulnerable areas with a master plan for multiple scenarios. The experiments indicated that by using a master plan, some of the predicted urban areas are still located in areas highly vulnerable to floods and earthquakes. By integrating the prediction of urban expansion with flood and earthquake vulnerabilities, the predicted urban areas can effectively avoid areas highly vulnerable to floods and earthquakes.
Development of Spatially Seamless Local Communication System Based on Time Sharing Communication Strategy
Authors: Arai Yoshikazu , Sugawara Makoto , Imai Shintaro , Inomata Toshimitsu ,   Iwate Prefectural University 152-52 Sugo, Takizawa-shi, Iwate 020-0693, Japan,   Hitachi Corporation 1-6-6 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8280, Japan
Published: February 2018

For multiple robots to achieve complex tasks while cooperating autonomously, communication among those robots is indispensable. We have developed a local communication system, LOCISS, which uses infrared light as a medium to prevent the convergence of communication by restricting the communication area. In this system, eight pairs of transmitting and receiving elements are located all around a robot, surrounding it for communication. It is also possible for each element to transmit individual information. However, because of imperfections in their directivity, communication gaps exist between elements, preventing sequences of communication. As described in this paper, SS-LOCISS makes a robot’s surroundings spatially seamless in terms of communication by rotating transmitter and receiver. First, a method is given for restoring pulses that have an incomplete shape because of transmitter and receiver rotations. Next, restrictions that are needed for all pulses transmitted to be received are considered, and characteristics of communication strategies derived from the restrictions are verified. After that, areas of transmission and reception are defined, and transmitter and receiver structures that might allow for the exchange of individual information in every area are considered. A method of signal coding is also proposed, one that may eliminate inconsistencies occurring at the dividing lines between transmission areas due to transmitter and receiver rotations. Then, SS-LOCISS prototypes demonstrate its communication accuracy and consistency on these dividing lines. Finally, we consider ways to improve its transmission rate so that SS-LOCISS may be applied to systems.
Computationally Efficient Mapping for a Mobile Robot with a Downsampling Method for the Iterative Closest Point
Authors: Deguchi Shodai ,   Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan, Ishigami Genya
Published: February 2018

This paper proposes a computationally efficient method for generating a three-dimensional environment map and estimating robot position. The proposed method assumes that a laser range finder mounted on a mobile robot can be used to provide a set of point cloud data of an environment around the mobile robot. The proposed method then extracts typical feature points from the point cloud data using an intensity image taken by the laser range finder. Subsequently, feature points extracted from two or more different sets of point cloud data are correlated by the iterative closest point algorithm that matches the points between the sets, creating a large map of the environment as well as estimating robot location in the map. The proposed method maintains an accuracy of the mapping while reducing the computational cost by downsampling the points used for the iterative closest point. An experimental demonstration using a mobile robot test bed confirms the usefulness of the proposed method.
Sensor Data Fusion of a Redundant Dual-Platform Robot for Elevation Mapping
Authors: Turgeman Avi , Shoval Shraga , Degani Amir ,   Technion Autonomous Systems Program (TASP), Technion Haifa 32000, Israel,   Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ariel University Ariel 40700, Israel,   Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion Haifa 32000, Israel
Published: February 2018

This paper presents a novel methodology for localization and terrain mapping along a defined course such as narrow tunnels and pipes, using a redundant unmanned ground vehicle kinematic design. The vehicle is designed to work in unknown environments without the use of external sensors. The design consists of two platforms, connected by a passive, semi-rigid three-bar mechanism. Each platform includes separate sets of local sensors and a controller. In addition, a central controller logs the data and synchronizes the platforms’ motion. According to the dynamic patterns of the redundant information, a fusion algorithm, based on acentralized Kalman filter, receives data from the different sets of inputs (mapping techniques), and produces an elevation map along the traversed route in thex-zsagittal plane. The method is tested in various scenarios using simulated and real-world setups. The experimental results show high degree of accuracy on different terrains. The proposed system is suitable for mapping terrains in confined spaces such as underground tunnels and wrecks where standard mapping devices such as GPS, laser scanners and cameras are not applicable.
Real-Time Condition and Performance Monitoring of a Subsea Blowout Preventer Pipe Ram
Authors: Mutlu Mete , Wassar Taoufik , Franchek Matthew A. , Omrani Ala Eddine , Gutierrez Jose A.
Published: February 2018

Presented here is a case study on the condition and performance monitoring (CPM) of a subsea blowout preventer (BOP) pipe ram. The proposed real-time CPM solution uses adaptive physics-based models that process sensor measurements at the point of origin (known as edge analytics). The adapted model coefficients are treated as a vector, the magnitude of which estimates the degree of health degradation and the phase of which identifies its source. The benefits of using an adaptive model-based approach over traditional machine-based learning and artificial-neural-networks solutions include zero algorithm-training times, broad applicability to BOPs, model modularity, and accurate health-degradation estimates. The proposed CPM methodology is validated on a BOP pipe ram using both operational and simulated data. A sensitivity study of the method to system uncertainty is also presented.
LİMANLARIN BÖLGESEL VE EKONOMİK ETKİLERİ: TEKİRDAĞ-REN NEHRİ KARŞILAŞTIRMASI
Authors: EROĞLU PEKTAŞ Güzide Öncü , MERSİN Kadir , ORMANLI Fatih
Published: February 2018

Küreselleşmenin ekonomik hâkimiyetinde olan günümüzde
ticaret lojistikten bağımsız olarak düşünülemez. Hammadde, üretim, tüketim
üçgeninin binlerce kilometreyi bulabilen çevresinde dolanarak bu üç faktörün
ortak bir noktada buluşturulması ancak ve ancak gelişmiş taşımacılık ağlarıyla
mümkündür. Taşımacılığın ana faktörü ve taşımacılık ağlarının temel
birleştiricisi ise denizyolu taşımacılığıdır. Bu lojistik faaliyetlerinin
başlangıç ve bitiş noktasında limanlar yer almaktadır. Limanların yarattığı bu
artı değer günümüz Batı Avrupa nüfusunun dağılımına da karar vermiştir. İç
suyolu taşımacılığı daha ekonomik olduğu için tercih edilen Ren Nehri’nde
gemilerle taşınan ürünlere ve ticari güce kayıtsız kalamayan halk, son yüz
yıllık süreç içerisinde bölgede bulunan nüfusu ve nüfus yoğunluğunu ciddi
düzeyde arttırmıştır. Türkiye’nin Tekirdağ ili incelediğinde ülkenin geri
kalanına oranla oldukça yüksek bir nüfus artış oranı görülmektedir. Şehirde
bulunan nüfusun dağılımına bakıldığında ise limana yakın ilçelerde daha yüksek
bir nüfus görülmektedir. Çalışmada öncelikle
makro açıdan Hollanda’daki Ren Nehri değerlendirilmiş olup, sonrasında Tekirdağ
ilinin liman faaliyetlerinin bölgesel kalkınmaya olan etkisi araştırılmıştır.
KRITIK JÜRGEN HABERMAS TERHADAP PERAN DAN FUNGSI AGAMA DALAM MASYARAKAT MODERN
Authors: Viktorahadi Bhanu
Published: February 2018

Abstract: The wrong understanding of role and function of religion will make religion just function as instruments of legitimating those who use it irresponsibly. Therefore, it is important to take a certain paradigm to see and analyze the role and function of religion. That paradigm in its turn will restore religion in its essential role and function as a system of orientation and interpretation of the meaning of human life, as well as its relationship with God and others. The Theory of Religious Criticism and Communicative Practical Theory of Jürgen Habermas offers evaluative, reflective, and corrective critics of the role and function of religion. The fired criticism will, in turn, help religion restore its role and function as a bridge communicative and relational between human and God and the others. At the same time, religion is expected to return to its role and function in contributing to the realization of a receptive society in rational discursive rooms which in turn will enable the process of human emancipation. The further process of human eman­cipation is the formation of an increasingly strong personal and social identity, rooted in values or virtues derived from religion itself as the bridge that leads people to the real truth.Abstrak: Pemahaman peran dan fungsi agama yang keliru akan menjadikan agama sekadar menjadi alat legitimasi pihak yang memanfaatkannya secara tidak bertanggung jawab. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan paradigma untuk melihat sekaligus menganalisis peran dan fungsi agama supaya kembali pada hakikatnya sebagai sistem orientasi dan interpretasi atas hidup manusia pemaknaannya, serta relasinya dengan Tuhan dan sesama. Teori Kritik Agama dan Teori Praksis Komunikatif dari Jürgen Habermas menawarkan peluru-peluru kritik evaluatif, reflektif, dan korektif atas peran dan fungsi agama. Kritik yang ditembakkan tersebut pada gilirannya akan membantu agama mengembalikan peran dan fungsinya sebagai jembatan penghubung antara manusia dengan Tuhan dan sesamanya yang bersifat komunikatif dan relasional. Sekaligus dengan itu, agama diharapkan kembali pada peran dan fungsinya dalam memberi sumbangan atau berkontribusi pada upaya mewujudkan masyarakat yang reseptif pada ruang-ruang diskursif rasional yang pada gilirannya akan memungkinkan proses emansipasi kemanusiaan. Proses selanjutnya dari emansipasi kemanusiaan adalah pembentukan identitas personal dan sosial yang semakin kuat, yang berakar pada nilai-nilai atau keutamaan yang berasal dari agama itu sendiri sebagai jembatan yang mengarahkan manusia kepada kebenaran sejati.
Maximum precipitation altitude on the northern flank of the Qilian Mountains, northwest China
Authors: Chen Rengsheng , Han Chuntan , Liu Junfeng , Yang Yong , Liu Zhangwen , Wang Lei , Kang Ersi
Published: February 2018

Investigation of the altitude of maximum precipitation (AMP) and the factors that determine this height supports the understanding of vertical precipitation distribution in mountains. Based on the field precipitation measurement on the northern flank of the Qilian Mountains, the AMP was investigated at vertical profiles from 1,483 to 4,484 m. It found a 2,300 m-AMP in winter and a 4,200 m-AMP in other seasons and on a yearly scale. The AMPs increase from the cold and dry season to the warm and wet season and therefore increase with precipitation. During winter, the interaction of the predominant high-pressure system, the thermal inversion layer below 2,200 m, and the westerly lead to the 2,300-m AMP. In other seasons, the convergent Tibetan Plateau monsoon causes the water vapor move to the Qilian Mountains, and the enhanced uplifting by the mountain produces greater precipitation with altitude, forming the AMP at the higher areas. The front steepest terrain is the primary factor causing the formation of 4,200-m AMP in the study area. The annual AMP may be roughly equal to seven-eighths of the altitude of the mountain top on the north flank of the Qilian Mountains.
Drinking water disinfection by-products exposure and health effects on pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review
Authors: Mashau Funanani , Ncube Esper Jacobeth , Voyi Kuku
Published: February 2018

Epidemiological studies have found that maternal exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes although the findings tend to be inconsistent. The objective of this study was to systematically review the evidence in associated with drinking water DBP exposure in relation to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Peer-reviewed articles were identified using electronic databases searched for studies published in the English language. Studies selected for review were evaluated for exposure assessment, confounders, and analyses risks of bias in the selection, outcomes assessment, and attrition. A comprehensive search and screening yielded a total of 32 studies, of which 12 (38%) reported a statistical association between maternal exposure to DBPs and adverse pregnancy outcomes. A maternal exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) shows an increased risk of small for gestational age (SGA) and slightly increased risk of pregnancy loss. Risks of bias were low among the studies included in the review. Evidence on association relating to adverse pregnancy outcomes to DBP exposure is still less significant. There is a need for future robust research in this field, with the use of urinary trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) biomarkers as a direct exposure assessment method for this field.