bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brake fluids and corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys: a fundamental investigation
Authors:   Brembo S.p.A, Bandiera Marco , Bertas Federico ,   Brembo S.p.A, Gerosa Sara ,   Brembo S.p.A, Pavesi Arianna ,   Brembo S.p.A, Manzoni Fabio ,   Brembo S.p.A, Bonfanti Andrea ,   Brembo S.p.A, Mancini Alessandro ,   Brembo S.p.A,   Brembo S.p.A, Sanguineti Alessandro
Published: June 2022

"Top-notch disc brake systems typically include components which are designed using aluminium/silicon alloys. The corrosion resistance of such materials, while immersed in brake fluids, is only barely investigated in the literature, and regards only very few and case-specific examples. Following this, the manuscript investigates the corrosion resistance of a 42200 aluminium/silicon alloy in different brake fluids (BFs). In particular, five brake fluids comprising an increasing amount of water are investigated. Results are discussed in terms of corrosion potential (Ecorr) and corrosion current (Icorr) values of the alloy, as obtained from linear sweep voltammetry measurements. The suggested lab-scale approach is aimed at: a) proposing a preliminary investigation regarding the corrosivity of different BFs; and b) simulating the effect of the brake fluid ageing (e.g., increasing amount of water) on the corrosion resistance of the investigated 42200 alloy. It is demonstrated that the corrosion resistance of 42200 is strongly modulated by: a) the nature of the brake fluid in which it is immersed; and b) the amount of water comprised in each BF. Insights regarding the minimum amount of water which is necessary to modulate the electrochemical performance of each BF are proposed as well. "
AB ÜLKELERİNDE MALİ SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK: PANEL REGRESYON ANALİZİ
Authors: KARAŞ Göksel
Published: June 2022

Mali sürdürülebilirlik, tüm dünyada olduğu gibi AB ülkeleri için de özellikle borç krizi sonrası dönemde önemli konular arasındadır. Özellikle 2008 küresel finansal kriz ve 2019 Covid pandemisi, dünyada hemen hemen tüm ülkeleri etkilediği gibi AB ülkelerini de ciddi şekilde etkilemiştir. Bu kapsamda maliye politikası araçları etkin şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Ülkeler arka arkaya kurtarma paketleri açıklamış ve bu paketler kamu maliyesi üzerinde ciddi yükler meydana getirmiştir. Buradan hareketle çalışmada 27 AB ülkesinin 2000-2020 döneminde mali sürdürülebilirliğinin araştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada kullanılan verilerin yayınlanma tarihindeki sınırlılık zaman kısıtını oluşturmaktadır. Bu kapsamda panel regresyon analiz yöntemi kullanılmış ve yapılan tahminlerin değişen varyans ve otokorelasyon sorununa karşı dirençli olmasına dikkat edilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda, kamu gelirleri ve kamu harcamaları arasındaki ilişkiden hareketle AB ülkelerinde zayıf mali sürdürülebilirliğin olduğu, birincil bütçe dengesi ile kamu borç stokunun GSYH içindeki payı arasındaki ilişkiden hareketle AB ülkelerinde mali sürdürülebilirliğin olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışma gerek kullanılan yöntem gerekse de örneklem ülke grubu açısından literatürde yer alan çalışmalardan farklılaşmaktadır.
Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in E. coli on beef and pork meat on retail sale in the UK (October to December 2021)
Authors: Fearnley Catherine
Published: June 2022

Antibiotic resistance (AMR) in microorganisms is a growing problem. While it is a natural process, the extensive use of antimicrobials in humans and animals has been a significant driving force in its development. Antimicrobials are used in the livestock industry to prevent and control bacterial disease. The use of subtherapeutic levels of antibiotics in animal feed (as growth promotors) since the 1950’s has caused an expansion of the pool of AMR bacteria. In 2006 the use of these was banned in the EU, and also in the UK. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a normal inhabitant of the mammalian gut (termed a commensal) and most isolates do not cause observable clinical disease in healthy animals or humans. However commensal bacteria can be reservoirs of AMR genes. Horizontal gene transfer among bacteria allows them to exchange their genetic material including antibiotic resistance genes. E. coli isolates are therefore useful ‘indicators’ of AMR. They are ubiquitous in animals, and they allow us to monitor the presence of AMR typically circulating in food producing animals. If the bacteria possess a resistance to three or more different classes of antibiotics, they are called multidrug resistant (MDR). MDR bacteria pose a health risk because fewer therapeutic agents are active against them. This is a particular concern if the MDR includes resistance to certain classes of antibiotics (such as the carbapenems) which are used to treat severe bacterial infections when other treatment options are ineffective. There are several mechanisms by which bacteria can develop resistance to antimicrobials; the production of enzymes which break-down the drug; inactivation of the drug by modification; mutation of the drug target site or by transport of the drug out of the bacterial cell. Resistance to 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins occurs by the production of β-lactamase enzymes. Additionally, E. coli can possess resistance to carbapenems the ‘last resort’ antibiotics. Surveillance of AMR bacteria in humans, environments and food producing animals is crucial to monitor and understand the threat posed to public and animal health.
Evaluation of Mechanical Performance of a Fe-Mn-Si Biodegradable Stent using Finite Element Simulations
Authors: BABACAN Nazım
Published: June 2022

Biodegradable metal stents are potential stent candidates as they dissolve in the body over time after fulfilling their mechanical duties and therefore do not pose a risk in the future. Fe-30Mn-6Si biodegradable alloy was found to be successful in the previous studies in terms of mechanical strength and biodegradability. In this study, the expansion and recoiling behavior of a stent made of Fe-30Mn-6Si alloy was investigated using finite element analyses. L605 Co-Cr and 316L stainless steel stents were also examined for comparison. Obtained results showed that novel FeMnSi stent exhibits lower equivalent stress than the counterparts. On the other hand, the lowest equivalent plastic strain and the highest radial elastic recoil value were observed in FeMnSi stent. Overall findings indicate that FeMnSi stent is moderately successful in terms of balloon-stent interaction.
Bingöl İli Açık Yeşil Alanlarında Kullanılan Peyzaj Bitkilerinin Arıcılık Açısından Önemi
Authors: CAF Ahmet , CANLI Deniz , AHISKALI Mihriban , POLAT Rıdvan
Published: June 2022

Bingöl ili ülkemizde arıcılık açısından en önemli noktaların başında gelmektedir. Bu önemin asıl nedeni ilin doğal bitki örtüsü çeşitliliği ve yoğunluğudur. Sulak alanların çeşitliliği, bolluğu ve kısa mesafelerde artan rakım farklılıkları da bunu etkileyen unsurlardandır. Bingöl %28.4’lük orman varlığı ile Ülkemizin en yeşil şehirlerinden biridir. Bu çalışmada, Bingöl ilinde yer alan açık ve yeşil alanlarda bitkisel tasarım çalışmalarında kullanılan bitkisel materyal tespit edilerek çeşitlilik belirlenmiş ve arıcılık açısından önemine değinilmiştir. Yine konu ile alakalı kullanılan bitkilerin nektar ve polen açısından önemine değinilerek eser, minör, sekonder ve dominant olmak üzere hangi oranlarda önemli olduğu tespit edilmiş ve önerilere yer verilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda 45 familyaya ait 91 cins ve 113 taksonun ilin açık yeşil alanlarında peyzaj çalışmalarında kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Polen açısından incelendiğinde; 16 bitki taksonunun açısından eser, 9 bitki taksonunun minör, 8 bitki taksonunun sekonder ve 4 bitki taksonunun dominant oranlarda önemli olduğu toplam 37 takson tespit edilmiştir. Nektar açısından bakıldığında ise; 8 takson eser, 11 minör, 5 sekonder ve 5 bitki taksonuda dominant olmak üzere toplamda 29 bitki taksonu belirlenmiştir. Polen açısından dominant olan bitki cinsleri; Cornus sp., Cotoneaster sp., Salix sp. ve Brassica sp.’dir. Nektar açısından ise; Pyrus sp., Robinia sp., Salix sp ve Tilia sp. bitki cinsleri dominat derecede öneme sahiptir.
furto e a saudade
Authors: Moraes Favacho Rafaela do Socorro
Published: June 2022

Essa pesquisa é fruto de um projeto correspondente a uma observação no município de Vigia localizado na mesorregião do Nordeste do Pará, uma das cidades mais antigas do estado, objetivando compreender como o furto de imagens sacras influenciou a memória social do povo de Vigia e quais os aspectos simbólicos perpetuados nas gerações, considerando a moral e valores que repercutiram na época e se estes estão vivos atualmente no contexto das novas gerações. A metodologia se deu por levantamentos de fontes bibliográficas tratando de furtos de arte sacra no Brasil, especificamente no Pará e suas cidades, considerando também documentos como jornais, boletins, revistas, fotos de época e outros documentos históricos, dando ênfase ao furto das imagens de Nossa Senhora de Nazaré e de São Luís Gonzaga, além de entrevistas com pessoas que vivenciaram o caso juntamente com outras do período atual. A pesquisa teve constatações iniciais sobre a realidade das pessoas que perdem suas simbologias envolvendo a presença de furto nas instituições religiosas pesquisadas que constitui elo entre arte-crença-sociedade, ao lado de sua coletividade no que pulsa sua fé.
Espírito da Liturgia:
Authors: Olímpio Telmo
Published: June 2022

Na eminente obra de Romano Guardini O Espírito da Liturgia, destaca-se, a além da interessante analogia da liturgia como jogo e as interações lúdicas que daí advém, uma busca pelo essencial, isto é, uma tentativa de compreender, a partir das raízes, o que é, em suma, a liturgia católica. Este pensamento influenciou de modo pujante as considerações de Ratzinger. Mais tarde, o alemão utilizou-se destes questionamentos e inquietações de Guardini na elaboração para sua Introdução ao Espírito da Liturgia. Tanto Ratzinger quanto Guardini buscam, no essencial, a apreensão da correta prática da fé por meio da expressão litúrgica. Neste sentido, este trabalho se orienta na compreensão deste essencial. Por isso, a partir da influência da analogia lúdica de Guardini ao pensamento ratzingeriano acerca do culto católico, pretender-se-á extrair elementos para uma aproximação filosófica. Objetiva-se, assim, maior percepção dos movimentos e pensamentos que estruturam os estudos atuais no campo da liturgia. Além do entendimento claro sobre a relação entre os pensamentos dos autores, percebe-se a imperiosa necessidade de um estudo acerca do essencial no tocante a liturgia da Igreja.
Jesus Pastor
Authors: Lima Maria de Lourdes Corrêa , Gomes Viana Gilliard
Published: June 2022

O texto de Zc 13,7, embora citado na cena da paixão de Marcos (Mc 14,27: “Ferirei o pastor e as ovelhas se dispersarão”), está, segundo o estudioso do Quarto Evangelho, R. Schnackenburg, por trás do texto do discurso sobre o “bom pastor” de Jo 10. A partir da análise exegética dos textos envolvidos, o presente estudo pretende averiguar a coerência desta afirmação. Para isso, parte do texto de Zc 13,7-9 em seus aspectos mais relevantes para a compreensão de sua mensagem na época de sua redação. Detém-se, em seguida, no estudo de Jo 10,11-15, seção do discurso do capítulo 10 de João que mais interessa ao tema em questão. Serão analisados os dados de maior relevo em vista de verificar uma possível relação intertextual. Finalmente, com o confronto entre os dois textos em seus aspectos exegéticos e teológicos, analisa se é possível – e, em caso positivo, em que medida – considerar Zc 13,7-9 como horizonte para compreender Jo 10,11-15.
5G Hybrid System Design and Energy Efficient Resource Allocation Deployment
Authors:   School of Information and Communication Engineering, Communication University of China, Beijing 100024, China, Feng Hu  , Andong Chen  ,   School of Information and Communication Engineering, Communication University of China, Beijing 100024, China, Hexing Yang  ,   School of Information and Communication Engineering, Communication University of China, Beijing 100024, China, Hongliu Zhang  ,   School of Information and Communication Engineering, Communication University of China, Beijing 100024, China
Published: June 2022

5G communication provide a promising platform for new, innovative and diverse enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) and massive device connectivity applications, such as streaming media, machine vision and Internet of Things (IoT), real-time and dynamic data processing, intensive computation. However, 5G multimedia devices deployment relies on the coverage of base stations, which is inefficient and costly in wide-area coverage and physical penetration. In this paper, a 5G and wide-area Ad Hoc network fusion architecture is proposed to flexibly provide scalable 5G and extensible low-power devices interconnection liberated from geographical restriction, which consists of a low-power wide-area network and an edge processing gateway. Moreover, the intelligent edge gateway near a specific base station can support real-time ultra-high-definition video streams access and achieve traffic optimization by compressing, intelligent identification and preprocessing of the video streams to alleviate traffic congestion. The coverage capacity efficiency of wide-area Ad Hoc networks is restricted by the "funnel effect" in multihop cascading, and adaptive resource allocation strategies will present a promising approach to realize energy-efficient deployment. A non-convex optimization problem is formulated to maximize the energy-efficient deployment of Ad Hoc network. Then, a coordination and optimization strategy of internal resource allocation in deployed multihop nodes based on Lagrange relaxation algorithm was presented to solve the optimization problem. The actual system deployment and real measurement proved that the system function is running normally and stably. The experimental simulation test results show that the proposed 5G wide-area Ad Hoc network can effectively make up for the adaptive streaming needs of 5G coverage blind spots. Compared with static resource allocation, the proposed resource allocation and deployment scheme reduces energy consumption by 42.31%.
Synchronization and Anti-Synchronization of a Novel Fractional Order Chaotic System with an exponential term
Authors:   College of Information  Control Engineering Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology China, Fu Xiuwei , Fu Li ,   College of Information  Control Engineering Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology China, Marrani Hashem Imani ,   Young Researchers and Elite Club, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
Published: June 2022

Today, chaotic systems have become one of the most important tools for encrypting and secure transmission of information. Other applications of these systems in economics, geography, sociology, and the like are not hidden from anyone. Despite the presentation of various chaotic systems, it is necessary to study and present new and more accurate chaotic systems. It is obvious that fractional models are more accurate and yield better results than integer order models. In this paper, the synchronization and anti-synchronization of an innovative fractional order chaotic system is investigated based on the nonlinear control method. In the proposed chaotic system, there is an exponential term that leads to behaviour very different from the integer order chaotic systems. Two different approaches have been proposed to achieve the synchronization and anti-synchronization goals between the proposed new fractional chaotic systems. A backstopping approach has been used to synchronize, and in addition to achieving this goal, it also ensures stability in Lyapunov's concept. Anti-synchronization between the two new fractional systems is also achieved by applying the active control method, and subsequently Lyapunov stability is shown under the proposed method. The simulation results in MATLAB environment show the synchronization and anti-synchronization effectiveness for the proposed innovative fractional order chaotic system.
Material Girls: Moulin Rouge!’s Neo-Victorian Spectacle and the Real Courtesans of Paris
Authors: Esser Helena
Published: June 2022

This article discusses Baz Luhrmann’s 2001 juke-box musical film Moulin Rouge! and its failure to re-think gender despite its clever remix of late-Victorian mass media. After introductions that consider the film’s postmodern mashups of high and low, commonplaces from nineteenth- and twentieth-century popular cultures, the article examines courtesan narratives rooted in two famous novels that the film plays with: La dame aux camélias (1852) by Alexandre Dumas fils and Nana (1880) by Émile Zola. It contrasts them with the lives of real, French celebrity courtesans in order to show the narrative paths of successful powerful women at the fin de siècle that Moulin Rouge! chose not to travel, preferring to endorse, however, ironically, the conservative gender stereotype of women as objects punished for attempting to take charge of their lives and destroyed by consumption in its double sense.
Jules Verne’s Routledge Translators
Authors: Kirstukas Alex
Published: June 2022

From 1874 to 1879, the British firm of George Routledge and Sons published sixteen volumes of English translations from the French of Jules Verne. Like much of Routledge’s output, the volumes appeared without authorisation from the writer or the original publisher; seven credit their translations to Henry Frith, two to T. H. Linklater, and the other seven are anonymous. The books vary widely in translational quality, with some repeatedly classed as mediocre and a few others lauded for their accuracy and style, unusual among the typically unreliable Victorian translations of Verne. This article, the first to organise and review Verne translations through the lens of a single publisher’s output and contributors, reviews existing bibliographical information and critical responses to these translations; presents newly located biographical details on Frith, Linklater, and a previously unidentified third translator, Jessie Campbell; and it offers a comparative critical appraisal of the techniques and styles of the translators, with particular focus on Campbell, now recognisable as one of the numerous freelancing women writers who first brought Verne into English.
Ways to solve problems of flour export in Kazakhstan
Authors: Dzholdasbaeva G. K. , Yesakhmetova L. M.
Published: June 2022

The present article examines the current state of development of the flour milling industry in Kazakhstan and the dynamics of the development of flour production and export volumes. The problems of the industry are identified, such as an overabundance of production capacity, a low level of its use due to fierce competition in the flour market, a gradual narrowing of traditional sales markets due to the diversification of flour imports into grain imports by Central Asian countries, a shortage of rolling stock, high tariffs for rail transportation and rental of wagons, insufficient measures to support the milling industry from the state. The conditions of the pandemic have determined severe restrictions for domestic producers not only in production and logistics, but also in exports. And this led not only to a halt in production, but also to a global slowdown in the economy and trade relations. The important role of the state and its support at this stage is expressed in financing and subsidizing. According to the results of the study, the authors propose to improve export procedures by introducing a "single window" for export and import operations, develop transport, logistics and trade infrastructure, improve conditions for promoting flour exports to foreign markets.
Implementation of foreign experience on effective management of urbanization processes in Kazakhstan
Authors: Bekenova L. M. , Korvyakov V. A. , Dyrka S.
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to the study of modern trends in the process of urbanization management in developed countries and the development of recommendations on the application of management tools to the acceptable realities of Kazakhstan. The administrative processes of urbanization of the countries of Poland, India, China, Latin America, etc. were interesting and priority objects of research. The work was written on the basis of studying the development of cities and generalizing all the emerging connections as a single system. The information base of the study was the works of well-known foreign and domestic scientists on the topic of urbanization, as well as statistical materials and ratings of the countries of the world on the level of urbanization of the UN.A distinctive aspect of the study is the analysis of urbanization management in the countries of Poland, India, China, Latin America in relation to specific problems. The article gives the basic characteristics of the urbanization process in Kazakhstan, identifies the distinctive features and factors constraining the effectiveness of urban development management based on the works of Kazakhstani scientists and economists, which identified a number of key problems of the urbanization management process in our country.The results of the study are of a recommendatory nature, determining priority approaches to using foreign experience and adapting it to the realities of the Kazakh model, which can be considered when implementing urban development management programs by authorized bodies.
Innovations in mountain guide training for the tourism business in Almaty
Authors: Vukolov V. N.
Published: June 2022

The relevance of the proposed project is due to three main factors.The first is the real level of unemployment, which, according to experts, is quite high in Kazakhstan. The second is the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and the third is the consequences of the events of January 2022 in Almaty. Unemployment in Almaty, according to official data for the first quarter of 2021, was 5.2% (according to Finprom.kz). But, in fact, this figure is much higher and concerns primarily young people. That is why our project is designed mainly for young people of student age studying in universities with a degree in Tourism. The purpose of the article is to show what kind of innovations should be used to train mountain guides, taking into account the socio-economic problems of Almaty. The development of domestic and inbound tourism has always been an important part of tourism business of any state, including in the Republic of Kazakhstan. At the same time, mountain tourism programs are relevant. In this regard, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, a shortage of qualified mountain guides has become apparent and aggravated. Also, often the services of a guide are performed by persons who do not have professional training to work with clients in the mountains. This fact is confirmed by periodic extreme situations, led by an unprepared guide. This article describes our innovative experience in training mountain guides for the tourism business in Almaty. This article describes our innovative experience in training mountain guides in tourism business in Almaty. The choice of training this particular category of specialists is due to the presence of a large amount of tourist and recreational resources for the development of mountain tourism near the city of Almaty. We believe that the mountain guide training project will be in high demand.
Foreign experience in tourism development management based on the public-private partnership mechanism
Authors: Tleuberdinova А. Т. , Aldabergenova А. Т. , Salauatova D. М. , Pratt S.
Published: June 2022

The tourism industry makes a significant contribution to the socio-economic development of many countries of the world, due to its role in expanding the economic base, increasing foreign exchange earnings, developing small and medium-sized businesses, providing employment opportunities and improving the living standards of the population. The development of the tourism industry can be facilitated by its management on the basis of public-private partnerships. This form of cooperation helps to accelerate the solution of the country's strategic tasks, bringing significant social benefits to local communities. The purpose of the research was to study various forms of interaction between the state and business to solve the problems of developing the tourism industry in order to identify the optimal mechanism for public-private partnership for the development of the tourism industry in Kazakhstan. The paper studied the theoretical and methodological aspects and foreign experience in the formation and implementation of the mechanism of public-private partnership in the field of tourism. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of foreign experience in the creation, promotion and management of projects in the tourism industry on the principles of public-private partnership. The practical value is that the results of the study can be used in the development of state and regional programs for the development of the tourism industry in Kazakhstan.
Human resources in the sphere of tourism
Authors: Shokhan R. , Mutaliyeva L. M. , Baitenova L. M.
Published: June 2022

The article discusses the importance of human resources in the field of tourism. In the Republic of Kazakhstan, the tourism sector is characterized by a shortage of highly qualified specialists. In tourism enterprises, mainly in the field of tourism and hospitality, there is a low level of specialists with the appropriate education and the necessary level of professionalism. These conditions consequently lead to poor quality of service. An important aspect is the availability of practical skills and theoretical base in this area. The article reflects the place of Kazakhstan in the Global Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index of the World Economic Forum, identifies a list of factors that increase and decrease the rating of Kazakhstan in the field of tourism. On the basis of statistical indicators, the dynamics of changes in employment indicators and nominal wages of workers in the tourism industry, namely, travel companies, hotel enterprises and health resort organizations, for the period from 2016 to 2020 are considered and analyzed. In addition, the article focuses on the activities of domestic higher and secondary vocational educational institutions that train specialists for the tourism sector. Foreign experience is considered and directions are given that should be priority in training personnel for the tourism industry.
Trends in the development of the agricultural sector of the Slovak Republic
Authors: Kuandykova M. B. , Omarbakiev L. A. , Kenesheva G. A.
Published: June 2022

The purpose of the study is to research and systematically analyze the trends in the development of the agricultural sector of the Slovak Republic at the present time. The research used the "Green report" of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of the Slovak Republic. The author conducted a comparative analysis of the main economic indicators in the agricultural sector. Based on the application of the economic and statistical method, information on the volume of allocated funds for the main economic indicators of agriculture in Slovakia in 2019-2020 is considered. Based on the analysis, proposals were developed: to provide equal opportunities for all market participants, an equal standard of living for citizens and rural residents, to improve opportunities for the activities of regional entrepreneurs, mandatory participation of the state in agrarian policy.In the last quarter of the twentieth century, the concepts of sustainable development began to prevail in European countries, ensuring the development and implementation of the Union. The methods of intensive development of rural areas based on a comprehensive survey are considered. In this regard, the following tasks arose: to stop the migration of the population and to preserve the environment. One of the priorities of the EU economic policy is the state regulation of agriculture. In this regard, the agrarian policy, which provides for a single system of guaranteed prices, market, and customs protectionism in trade with other countries. This allowed the EU countries to become leaders in the export of agricultural products from importers for ten years.
Main characteristics of project financing of infrastructure facilities and its development in Kazakhstan
Authors: Daiyrbay D. E. , Mukhamedyarova-Levina T. T. , Imanbay I. A.
Published: June 2022

The article deals with the issues of current stage of development process of project finance in Kazakhstan. The purpose of the study is to develop new recommendations based on the analysis of foreign experience in the applying project finance to implement the infrastructure projects. One of the most relevant economic development problems of Kazakhstan is the increase in investment activity, which requires the formation of an effective investment market. The complexity of its formation and the investment financing mechanism corresponding to a market economy lies in the fact that the Kazakhstani’s economy is in the stage of developing the necessary market infrastructure that ensures the free exchange of information between all business entities. However, there are very few reliable and adapted financing instruments that ensure the healthy functioning of investment activity. Therefore, in order to overcome the crisis and launch economic growth it is necessary to create new production capacities, to renew fixed assets and, on this basis, to implement innovative strategies of breakthrough and modernization. As follows from the above, the relevance and insufficient theoretical and practical study of the issues related to project financing in Kazakhstan, determined the choice of the topic, purpose and objectives of this study.
Core principles of financing and investment attractiveness of aviation companies
Authors: Sadvakasova K. G. , Nurgazina A. M. , Nurmagambetova A. Z. , Kassenova G. E.
Published: June 2022

The article considers the concept and choice of sources of financing for investment activities of aviation companies. The article represents main types of sources using for investment and financing as well as the concept and measures to improve the investment attractiveness of an aviation company. In the current situation, the problem of mobilization and efficient use of investments is particularly important for the effective implementation of aviation companies' activities. Stimulation of investment activity, development of a clear investment strategy, defining main priorities in the mobilization of investment resources become the most important conditions for the sustainable growth and high-quality development of the aviation business. Among key incentives for financing of investment activities are the state guarantee system of investors’ rights, investment protection mechanism, and the provision of tax and customs benefits for investment organizations. Sources and methods of financing investment projects of aviation companies, in accordance with the experience of world business practice, in most cases, if not primarily, are determined by a set of factors. In addition, the level of effectiveness of sources of financing for an investment project depends to a greater extent on the competence of the investor or managers. This particularly affects competencies in the market sectors, as well as factors such as technological features and awareness of the properties of each investment financing tool.
Problems of innovative development of Kazakhstan
Authors: Rakhmetulina Zh. B. , Suleimenova A. O. , Ordabaeva M. A.
Published: June 2022

The innovative development of Kazakhstan is associated with the construction of a “smart economy”, digitalization of the community, and a new economic course. The Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan plays a key role in defining and supporting the development process in the field of science, technology, and innovation (STI). The country has adopted a large number of strategies and programs for the development of STI, numerous institutions have been created for their implementation. The pandemic has created many problems, threats, and obstacles to the development of science, technology, and innovation in Kazakhstan, slowing down information interaction, which has traditionally been one of the main driving forces that have contributed to the acceleration of innovative development in the country. Currently, most of the efforts in the field of science, technology, and innovation are aimed at ensuring the sustainable development of the country. In the article, the main factors causing the slow introduction of innovations, advanced technological developments in Kazakhstan were considered by the authors. In the work, the authors came to a new scientific result, assessing the degree of influence of innovations on the development of the Kazakh economy, and summarized the main problematic tasks that must be solved in order to activate innovation activity in the country. Within the framework of this article, as well as the survey of respondents, the main trends in the formation of the country's digital economy, the development of information and communication technologies were identified. The results are based on the works of Kazakhstani and foreign researchers.
Economic nature of digital platforms
Authors: Zhanbozova A. B. , Musaeva D. , Azatbek T. А. , Valieva S. N.
Published: June 2022

The unprecedented growth of globalization of companies specializing in the creation and operation of digital platforms, which is currently observed, is fundamentally changing the way economic agents interact in various markets, influencing the mechanisms of value creation. These trends have contributed to increased interest in digital platforms from researchers. At the same time, from an economic point of view, digital platforms still remain little studied. This article aims to fill this gap and aims to assess the main characteristics of digital platforms and reveal the economic nature of digital platforms. The paper uses a structural-functional approach to the study of the essence of digital platforms using methods of analysis and synthesis, visualization and demonstration. The paper considers the main features, as well as the advantages and disadvantages, opportunities and threats associated with the activities of digital platforms. The process of “network effect” achieved by the interaction of economic agents on digital platforms is described. Indirect positive and negative effects from such interaction on digital platforms are given. The differences between operational, innovative, investment and integrated platforms are described. In addition, a classification of income generation models by digital platforms is given with a description of their key characteristics. A general description of the digital platform market is given, and the risks for national economies associated with the market concentration of global digital platforms are indicated. The necessity of state intervention in this area at the national and supranational levels is outlined, the expediency of developing local digital platforms is substantiated, and some measures in this direction are proposed. The results of the study make a certain contribution to the development of the theory of the digital economy and can be used to prepare lectures in relevant disciplines, and can also serve as a basis for more in-depth research.
Digital payment system of the Republic of Kazakhstan: risks and prospects
Authors: Amangozhayeva A. B. , Markelova M. A. , Selezneva I. V.
Published: June 2022

The development of payment systems is a continuous process that includes updating and updating all its elements and processes. In this article, the authors considered the issues of digitalization of the payment system of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and in particular, the possibility of creating and implementing a digital currency of the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan. This measure will allow Kazakhstan to join the world experience in the use of crypto-technologies and digital assets. The key task is to be the first within the member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. The history of digital money began with the invention of the Internet. In the early days, it was difficult to get the population used to using digital money. However, as people get used to technology, and digital technologies themselves become more secure and reliable, more and more users are ready to give preference to the use of digital money. As part of the study, the authors analyzed foreign experience in the creation and implementation of digital currencies, assessed the possible risks and prospects of this event. It is worth noting that Kazakhstan in 2020 for the first time got into the rating of the countries of the world in terms of cybersecurity. The initiative to digitalize the payment system and, in particular, payment technologies, is already giving a greater role to an effective cybersecurity strategy. Currently, the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as part of the implementation of the program for the development of the national payment system until 2025, has already implemented a pilot project "Digital Tenge". The authors carried out a comparative analysis of the specific features and key differences between the digital tenge and other forms of the national currency of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Impact of the base rate on the inflation response of the economy
Authors: Adambekova A. A. , Saparaly A. S.
Published: June 2022

The purpose of the article is to consider the impact of macroeconomic factors on the economic development of the country, to give an assessment and recommendations for improving the effectiveness of monetary policy in order to stabilize and achieve the goals of the inflation targeting strategy. Recently, we can observe a sharp increase in prices for socially important products, which directly indicates an increase in inflation in a country where the main institution responsible for curbing inflation is the Central Bank, whose strategy is aimed at ensuring price stability and implementing an inflation targeting regime. The main reason making it difficult to implement an inflation targeting strategy is the economic crisis caused by the coronavirus (COVID-19), which has bowed central banks around the world to new challenges. The first indicators of the crisis in many countries were production stoppages, sales curtailments and border closures. In particular, in Kazakhstan, this crisis had a strong impact on the economic state of the country, namely on the pricing of imported and domestic goods. The paper puts forward the hypothesis that the current monetary policy requires rethinking from the position of transformation of interest rate regulation policy. In order to substantiate this, a comparative analysis of the effectiveness and impact of the interest rate on inflationary shocks on the basis of officially published data was conducted. The role of the TONIA indicator in inflation management was determined and its changes were analyzed. The paper focuses on the analysis of interest rate impact on household deposits and loans, pricing and foreign trade turnover of Kazakhstan, which made it possible to develop recommendations.
Impact of business owner’s gender on the audit firms income: the case of Kazakhstan
Authors: Lipovka A. V. , Rakhimbekova Zh. S. , Zaluchyonova O. M.
Published: June 2022

Kazakhstan is characterized by women’s significant representation in the financial industry, including the audit sector, which distinguishes the country from other states and can lay the basis for a competitive advantage of the economy. The literature review on audit firms in Kazakhstan showcases a scarcity of studies about gender’s influence on audit firms’ financial performance. The paper aims to identify the correlation between business owners’ gender and the net income of Kazakhstani private audit firms. The publicly available data on audit companies and the size of their paid taxes were processed and analyzed with the quantitative research method. The data of 117 audit firms for 2021 were scrutinized through the parametric Student t-test for independent samples with the utilization of the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). To analyze and adjust the normal distribution of the studied data, frequency histograms, taking logarithms, and formalized tests by Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk criteria were applied. The findings demonstrate the significant correlation between women owners and the size of paid taxes by their audit firms: women positively contribute to audit firms and generate higher net earnings compared with their men counterparts. The paper postulates the necessity of women’s more intensive involvement in higher levels of decision-making to increase the performance indicators of the financial industry in Kazakhstan. The study supports the idea that less gender bias in the expert field can be a good indicator of women's real contribution to Kazakhstan's economy. The auditing field should serve as a solid role model for lowering the barriers to female leadership in other industries.
The Role of Marketing Public Relations Strategy in Dealing with The Impact of PPKM
Authors: Kusumawardhani Okta Annisa , Sari Cindi Purnama , Remeng Morelynte Dovena , Claretta Dyva , Rahmawati Dian Hutami
Published: June 2022

International Cultural Center (ICC) Pandaan is one of the resorts and tourist attractions located in Pandaan, East Java. As a resort and tourist attraction, ICC Pandaan has goals to be achieved and the value of benefits provided to its visitors. However, with the Covid-19 pandemic, ICC Pandaan experienced a decrease in the number of visitors, so ICC implemented a strategy to survive during this pandemic. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with data collection techniques conducted through interviews and observations. The result of this research is that ICC Pandaan applies the Three Ways Strategy concept which is carried out effectively by seeking to give messages to the audience by starting to dive into the digital realm, where there has been a rapid increase during the pandemic.
Prevalence And Allele Frequency Of Colour Blindness In Al-Najaf Al Ashraf Province
Authors: W. Alkhalaf Ameer , S. Al-khafaji Rafie
Published: June 2022

Background: Colour blindness or colour vision deficiency is an inability or reduced ability to described certain colours, there are several types of colour blindness but the more common type red-green colour blindness that inherited x-linked disorder, hence it was more distribution in males (hemizygote) but it was less prevalent in females because she had two x chromosomes, she may be affected or a carrier to disorder. We examined 2470 participant (2158 male and 312 female) by using Ishihara plate (24 plates edited). This study conducted to find out the prevalence of colour blindness in Al-Najaf province. In the present study, Among those was screened for colour deficiency, 107 of them(4.33%)were diagnosed with colour blindness, the rate was a difference among gender 105(4.87 %) in male and it was 2(0.64) % in female. The deuteranomaly was the highest type 38(35.51%) then deuteranopia was 31(28.97 %), the protanomaly was 23(21.50%), the protanopia was 10(9.35%), At last, the achromacy was lowest 5(4.67 %) among infected colour blindness. The deutan :protan  ratio was 2.03:1. This rate (in our study) was approximately similar to the rate recorded in Al-Qadisiyah University (5.2 % in male and 0.4% in female) and less the rate in the centre and north Iraq (Baghdad, Duhok and Erbil province).
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF ARRESTING PROPERTY IN CASES OF CORRUPTION CRIMES
Authors: Melkonyan Davit
Published: June 2022

The article is dedicated to the seizure of property subject to confiscation during the investigation of corruption crimes. Based on an analysis of international documents, such as the FATF Recommendations, the UN Conventions, and the ECHR judgments, the author concludes that at the initial stage of the investigation of corruption crimes, the amount of seized property may exceed the amount of property mentioned in the indictment, provided there are sufficient grounds that as a result of the investigation, the amount of property subject to confiscation will increase unquestionably.
ԱՊՐԱՆՔԱՅԻՆ ՆՇԱՆՆԵՐԻ ՕԳՏԱԳՈՐԾՄԱՄԲ ՇՓՈԹՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԱՌԱՋԱՑՈՒՄԸ ՄՐՑԱԿՑԱՅԻՆ ԻՐԱՎՈՒՆՔՈՒՄ
Authors: Մարկոսյան Տիգրան , Ալեքսանյան Քրիստինե
Published: June 2022

Հոդվածը նվիրված է ապրանքային նշանների օգտագործմամբ շփոթության առաջացման՝ որպես անբարեխիղճ մրցակցության առանձին դրսևորման հիմնախնդիրների ուսումնասիրությանը և վերլուծությանը։ Հոդվածում ներկայացվում են ապրանքային նշանների կատարած գործառույթները՝ որպես ելակետային գործառույթ առանձնացնելով ծագման գործառույթը և դրանով պայմանավորելով ապրանքային նշանների պաշտպանության անհրաժեշտությունն ու ծավալը։

Տեսական աղբյուրների, օրենսդրության, հայրենական և արտասահմանյան դատական պրակտիկայի հիման վրա աշխատանում բացահայտվում և վերլուծվում են ապրանքային նշանների օգտագործմամբ շփոթության առաջացման պայմանները մրցակցային իրավունքում, ինչպես նաև քննարկվող հարցի համատեքստում ներկայացվում են ապրանքային նշանների իրավական պահպանության առանձնահատկությունները։

Հոդվածում հեղինակները ներկայացնում են մի շարք գիտագործնական եզրահանգումներ, որոնք կարող են ուղենշային լինել իրավակիրառ պրակիկայի համար, ինչպես նաև օգտագործվել մրցակցային իրավունքի այս ինստիտուտի հետագա օրենսդրական բարեփոխման համար։
ՎԱՐՉԱԿԱՆ ՎԱՐՈՒՅԹԻ ԱՌԱՆՁԻՆ ՏԵՍԱԿՆԵՐԻ ԱՌԱՆՁՆԱՀԱՏԿՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐԻ ԸՆԴՀԱՆՈՒՐ ԲՆՈՒԹԱԳԻՐԸ
Authors: Ավագյան Նորայր
Published: June 2022

Հեղինակը «Վարչական վարույթի առանձին տեսակների առանձնահատկությունների ընդհանուր բնութագիրը» հոդվածում իրականացրել է վարչական վարույթի առանձին տեսակների առանձնահատկությունների իրավական հիմքերի, դրանց սահմանների և հնարավոր սահմանափակումների համալիր հետազոտություն։ Հոդվածում ընդգծվել են այն հիմնարար որակները, որոնք կարող են պիտանի լինել հայրենական օրենսդրությունը կանխատեսելի չափանիշներով բարելավելու համար։

Հոդվածում հեղինակն առաջ է քաշել հետևյալ հիմնավորված դիրքորոշումները

վարույթի առանձնահատկությունները հանրային իշխանության գործառույթների արդյունավետ իրականացման համար առանձին ոլորտներում վարչարարության հատուկ կանոններ են,

առանձին տեսակի վարույթներում անձինք երաշխավորված են սահմանադրությամբ և «Վարչարարության հիմունքների և վարչական վարույթի մասին» օրենքով նախատեսված իրավունքների ու ազատությունների պաշտպանության հիմնարար դրույթներով,

վարույթի առանձնահատկություններ սահմանելու իրավաչափ նպատակը այդ ոլորտում վարչարարության արդյունավետության և անձանց իրավունքների ու ազատությունների պաշտպանության կառուցակարգերի բարելավումն է,

վարույթի առանձնահատկություններ սահմանելիս անհրաժեշտ է պահպանել վարչարարության արդյունավետությանը ծառայող և անձանց իրավունքների ու ազատությունների պաշտպանությանը ծառայող կարգավորումների միջև ողջամիտ հավասարակշռությունը,

վարչական վարույթի առանձնահատկությունները կարող են սահմանվել բացառապես օրենքով կամ միջազգային պայմանագրերով։
THE EFFECT OF COVID-19 ON MYOCARDIAL DAMAGE: A CLINICAL CASE
Authors: Zhuravleva Nadezhda V. , Babokin Vadim E. , Barsukova Elena V. , Karzakova Luiza M. , Fomina Rosa V. , Komelyagina Nadezhda A. , Smirnova Tatyana L. , Platonova Kseniya I. , Ukhterova Nadezhda D. , Lutkova Tatyana S. , Markelova Ludmila L.
Published: June 2022

Despite the fact that the general clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are well known, there remain problems associated with the impact of COVID-19 on human health, in addition to its effects on the respiratory system. Patients with COVID-19 and concomitant cardiovascular diseases are more likely to be hospitalized and to pass treatment in the intensive care units and to have worse prognoses. The article discusses the problems arising from the effect of type 2 coronavirus acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) on the cardiovascular system, starting with the mechanisms associated with angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, as well as discusses cases of major pathological changes in the heart and blood vessels that are detected in these patients. In addition to the known risk factors for severe COVID-19: cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, chronic lung diseases and old age, even young patients without a history of risk factors may develop myocardial damage. We present a description of a clinical case of acute myocardial infarction against the background of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in a patient aged 28 years with a diagnosis of coronary heart disease.