bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Diaphragmatic Stretch and Manual Diaphragmatic Release Technique Along with Chest Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation in Mild-to-moderate Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Thali Saili Mahesh , Ganesh B. R.
Published: February 2024

Background:

Diaphragmatic stretch technique, manual diaphragmatic release technique, and chest proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) have been suggested as an alternative method for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Aims:

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of diaphragmatic stretch and manual diaphragmatic release technique along with chest PNF on peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), exercise capacity, dyspnea, chest expansion, and inspiratory pressure in mild-to-moderate COPD participants.

Settings and Design:

A randomized clinical trial took place on 30 subjects with COPD.

Materials and Methods:

Subjects were divided into two groups, of which Group A received a diaphragmatic stretch technique with chest PNF and Group B received a manual diaphragmatic release technique with chest PNF. Six-day intervention protocol was given to the participants of both the groups and PEFR, maximum inspiratory pressure, chest expansion, exercise capacity, and dyspnea were assessed before the intervention and after 6 days of intervention.

Statistical Analysis:

Normality of all continuous data was checked using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Independent t-test was used to analyze the parameters between Group A and Group B. Comparison of difference in pre and post within group was done using independent t-test.

Results:

Data analyzed in Group A as well as in B, when compared within the group, showed highly significant improvements. When compared between the groups, both the groups showed no difference.

Conclusion:

The study concluded that there was statistical significance in improvement of PEFR, exercise capacity, dyspnea, chest expansion, and inspiratory pressure within both the groups, but significant changes were not seen between groups. Hence, diaphragmatic stretch and manual release technique along with chest PNF can be used as an alternative/adjunct for the treatment of COPD.
Rehabilitation of a 15-month-old Child with Orofaciodigital Syndrome Type VI, Joubert Syndrome
Authors: Saiya Pinky , Deshpande Snehal
Published: February 2024

Orofaciodigital syndrome (OFDS) type-VI, a rare subtype of Joubert syndrome, is characterized by delays in gross motor development, hypotonia, and the presence of a distinctive molar tooth sign on magnetic resonance imaging. The objective of this case report is to underscore the benefits of physiotherapy rehabilitation and delineate the clinical features associated with OFDS type VI. In this case study, we explore the details of a 15-month-old boy grappling with motor and sensory challenges related to this rare condition. The child has experienced notable improvements through play-based physiotherapy treatments, encompassing neurodevelopmental therapy, sensory integration, and adjunctive methods such as prowraps, kinesiotaping, and treadmill walking. These sessions occurred three times a week over a 10-month period. Gross motor and functional assessments, along with the Sensory Profile 2, were conducted at both the 15-month mark and when the child reached 2.1 years. The pre-GMFM score at the baseline (15th month) was 15.33, demonstrating a remarkable 57.37% improvement post-treatment at 2.1 years. Noteworthy enhancements were observed across all the dimensions of the Sensory Profile 2. This report signifies the significance of physiotherapy rehabilitation, highlighting the efficacy of a comprehensive approach involving neurodevelopmental therapy, sensory integration, and adjunct therapies.
Phytoestrogens and Amenorrhea in Athletes
Authors: Nisha  , Noor Fatima
Published: February 2024

Plants contain several different families of natural products. Phytoestrogens are one such compound that is found in variety of plant foods. On the basis of the chemical structure, phytoestrogens are classified into four major categories such as flavonoids, isoflavonoids, lignans, and stilbenes. Structurally phytoestrogens are very much similar to 17 β-estradiol, so they have a tendency to exhibit estrogen-like activity, which has increased the interest of researchers to use it as a hormone replacement therapy. Nowadays, special attention is given to various isoflavonoids including genistein, diadzens, coumestrol, equol, and several prenylated flavonoids mainly, 8-prenylnaringein and stilbene resveratrol. Menstrual changes and bone density may be favorably influenced by phytoestrogens. These compounds have not only been observed to mimic the role of estrogen in humans but have also shown to exhibit effects and action in both similar and divergent manner as of the hormone. The eventual action of phytoestrogen in specific cells is determined by several factors such as the relative levels of estrogen receptors both α and β and the varied number and types of coactivators and corepressors presently existing in the cell. An increase in the consumption of herbal and natural nutritional supplements with ergogenic goals with particular regard to ecdysteroids, phytosterols, and vegetal sterols has been observed in past among the athletes which call for the need to assess the knowledge of athletes and physically active individuals about the plant-based nutritional supplements as well as its associations with amenorrhea in female athletes, their health profile, and reproductive life.
Effectiveness of Lateral Plyometric Jumps on Agility in Football Players
Authors: Patowary Dibyashri , Das Lopa
Published: February 2024

Context:

Plyometrics are exercises that are designed to improve muscle power using jump activity that involves jumping, hopping, and skipping. This study was concentrated on lateral plyometric jumps training which a type of lateral plyometric exercise is.

Aims:

The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of lateral plyometric training on agility in football players.

Setting and Design:

This was a single-group pre–postexperimental study conducted on male football players.

Methodology:

Fifty-six football players participated in the age group between 15 and 25 years. All players were assessed for the Illinois agility test and lateral shuffle test to assess agility pre- and postintervention. Players performed 15 sessions of lateral plyometric jumps with a rest period of 2 days after every session for 1 month and 15 days.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS 26 Software. Mean median, mode, standard deviation, and paired t-test were done.

Results:

The results of the study showed statistically significant improvement with P = 0.000 (P < 0.05) in both the Illinois agility test and lateral shuffle test.

Conclusion:

This study concluded that the lateral plyometric jumps helped to improve the agility in football players.
Basic Concepts of Plyometric Training in Soccer Players
Authors: Roy Konark , Debnath Dulal
Published: February 2024

Exercises that involve plyometrics are typically broken up into a stretch-shortening cycle with three phases: an eccentric phase (rapid muscle lengthening), an amortization phase (short resting interval), and a concentric phase (explosive muscle shortening). How quickly an athlete transitions from the eccentric to the concentric phase is a measure of his power. Plyometric training (PT) affects the neuromuscular components of the body for maximum contraction of muscle in minimum time. Soccer is a multidimensional sport and requires various strength training, endurance training, power and agility training, and soccer tactical training. Considering all facts, PT has got a strong tendency to develop cardiovascular and neuromuscular fitness. PT improves VO2 max, explosive strength, linear sprint speed, effective kicking, endurance, agility, soccer skills, and vertical jump ability in athletes of any age. PT improves tendon strengthening and increases muscle elasticity, which results in avoiding injuries.
Correlation of Talk Test with Heart Rate Reserve and Rating of Perceived Exertion among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Saini Minaxi , Kaur Jaspreet , Anuradha
Published: February 2024

Context:

Prescription of exact doses and adherence to home exercise are always an issue for patients as well as for health-care professionals. Talk test (TT) is a subjective tool for exercise prescription that can be easily implemented in home settings. However, its validity and reliability are not established among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Study Setting and Design:

Observational study conducted at the outpatient department of civil hospital, Panchkula.

Subjects and Methods:

Fifty T2DM patients underwent exercise testing on a treadmill. Speaking comfort, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) level were noted at the completion of each stage of the modified Bruce protocol. Heart rate reserve (HRR) was calculated using the formula HRR = HRmax − HRrest.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Spearman’s rho test was used to explore the correlation among the study variables.

Results:

At a moderate level of exercise, the correlation is significant between HRR and TT (r = −0.514; P = 0.020), but the correlation between HRR-RPE is negligible (r = 0.293; P = 0.209). At a vigorous level of exercise, HRR is again correlated with TT (r = −0.539; P = 0.017), but the correlation between HRR and RPE is low (r = 0.439; P = 0.061).

Conclusion:

The study found that TT is correlated with HRR compared to RPE at a moderate level of intensity. Moderate–intensity exercises are the most common form of exercise prescribed to patients with T2DM. Therefore, it may be concluded that TT is a valid and reliable major of exercise prescription for patients with T2DM.
Survival Rate and Short-term Outcomes of Extremely Preterm Infants: A Tertiary Care Center Experience from the Private Sector
Authors: Mosalli Rafat , Baabad Ahmed , Mousa Ahmed Hafez , Binselm Ahmed , El Hosni Mechaal , Mazroua Mayada , Salahi Ahmed Shueai , Al Matrafi Mohammed , Alsaidi Douaa Alawi , Al Hazzani Fahad
Published: February 2024

Background:

Premature birth is one of the leading causes of death in the world. The global incidence of prematurity ranges from 5% to 11% of all births. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of extremely preterm infants born below 29 weeks in our institution, with regard to survival and major short-term outcomes, and compare our results with national and international centers. This study is the first to be conducted in a private tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:

This was a retrospective descriptive cohort study that reviewed the medical records of preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at the International Medical Center, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, between January 2014 and January 2020. We compared our results to the national data from King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center-Riyadh, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC)-Jeddah and KAMC Riyadh, King Abdulaziz Medical City-Alhasa, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, and the Canadian Neonatal Network.

Results:

A total of 92 preterm infants were included: 3, 8, 17, 17, 29, and 18 infants with a gestational age of 23 weeks, 24 weeks, 25 weeks, 26 weeks, 27 weeks, and 28 weeks, respectively. The mean gestational age was 25 weeks and 5 days. Fifty-four infants (58.7%) survived to hospital discharge. In terms of short-term outcomes, 13% had bronchopulmonary dysplasia, hemodynamically significant ductus arteriosus was present in 27%, and retinopathy of prematurity was found in 13%, necrotizing enterocolitis was diagnosed in 5.4%, while late-onset sepsis was reported in 23.9% of infants.

Conclusion:

Our study represents outcomes of Extremely Preterm Infants in a single Private tertiary Care Center from Saudi Arabia with a comparison to national and international data. Though it cannot be generalized our data can be used as an add-value cohort toward establishing countrywide neonatal network to better plan regional resource allocation and utilization and facilitate ongoing audit, benchmarking, and overall quality improvement initiatives.
A Case of Osteofibrous Dysplasia at Birth: 2-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Shankar Kaushaki , Jain Ashish , Arora Sumit
Published: February 2024

Osteofibrous dysplasia (OFD) is characterized by excessive resorption of long bone, especially tibia, with subsequent fibrous repair of the defect. OFD is an uncommon benign tumor of young children – neonatal presentation is restricted to single digits in literature. We describe a rare case of OFD in a newborn, which presented as unilateral painless lower limb deformity at birth. Radiological findings were suggestive and biopsy was diagnostic of OFD. Postbiopsy, the patient underwent expectant management given the generally slow progression of this condition, the possibility of postbiopsy regression, and the known risk of recurrence after surgical intervention. By 13 months, the lesion had undergone complete radiological resolution with spontaneous reduction of deformity. There has been no recurrence of disease at the same or another site till now (24 months age). There is no limb length discrepancy and motor milestones are appropriate for age; nevertheless, follow-up till puberty has been advised.
Is COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome-induced consumption leukocytopenia the possible cause of delayed sepsis?
Authors: Kumar Amarjeet , Kumar Abhyuday , Kumar Neeraj , Singh Kunal , Singh Veena
Published: February 2024

The adaptive immune response is crucial in limiting SARS-CoV-2 infections. The body’s immune system becomes hyperinflated when infected organs are not eradicated, which results in a cytokine storm. With chronic SARS-CoV-2 infection, the natural killer cells and T-cells become depleted, and start decreasing their count, leading to severe lymphopenia. The possible explanation could be (1) cytopathic effect of the virus over target cells, (2) bone marrow suppression, (3) increased consumption of leukocytes, and (4) apoptosis of target cells. This unique finding of cytokine storm-induced leukocytopenia in COVID-19 patients creates a fertile environment for superadded bacterial infection.
Evaluation of efficacy and safety of the AHPL/AYCAP/0114 capsule in subjects suffering from erectile dysfunction
Authors: Nipanikar Sanjay U , Mundhe Narendra B , Upasani Sachin A
Published: February 2024

Background and Objectives:

Oral phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors facilitate erections, however, unable to restore sexual desire (SD), overcome sexual resistance, or treat relational discord. The current investigation aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of the AHPL/AYCAP/0114 capsule in subjects experiencing erectile dysfunction (ED).

Materials and Methods:

The study design employed a noncomparative, interventional, open-label format. It was conducted at a single center and followed a prospective clinical methodology. A total of 46 patients completed the study. Patients were asked to take two AHPL/AYCAP/0114 capsules two times a day orally after meals with milk for 90 days. Changes in all domain scores of the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire, hardness of penis, male sexual health, sexual encounter profile, overall improvement, serum total testosterone, AE, and lab parameters were outcomes of the study. Statistical analysis involved the application of the chi-square test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Student t test to examine the relevant data.

Results:

On day 90, there was a notable and statistically significant increase in the mean Erectile Function Domain Score, with a rise of 42.4%. Significant improvements were observed on day 90 across multiple domains, including mean orgasmic function, mean SD, mean intercourse satisfaction, and mean sexual satisfaction domain scores. On day 90, complete improvement with full penile rigidity was observed in 78.3% of subjects, whereas 67.4% of subjects were very satisfied with the treatment and their sexual health and 78% of subjects showed good to excellent improvement. Serum total testosterone increased significantly by 1.29 times. Following the treatment, there were no significant changes observed in any of the laboratory parameters, indicating the safety of the AHPL/AYCAP/0114 capsule.

Interpretation and Conclusions:

The AHPL/AYCAP/0114 capsule was found to be safe and effective for the treatment of ED.
Acute cardiovascular manifestations with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children due to COVID-19 infection: A single-center prospective observational study
Authors: Bagri Dhan Raj , Sharma Rambabu , Meena Chiranji Lal , Gupta Manohar Lal , Gopaal Nishant , Sood Tanya
Published: February 2024

Background:

Cardiac involvement is common in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. A majority of children have significantly raised levels of NT pro-BNP, ferritin, D-dimers, and cardiac troponin in addition to high C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels. Cardiac involvement may include rhythm disturbance, depressed myocardial function, valvar regurgitation, and/or coronary artery inflammation. This hospital-based prospective study was aimed to evaluate cardiovascular manifestations in cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).

Subjects and Methods:

The current study was a prospective observational study that included 100 children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit after getting the requisite clearance from the institutional ethics committee; informed written consent of parents was taken before the start of the study.

Results:

The mean age of the study participants was 8.9 ± 3.9 years with 62% male children. Ninety-four percentage had MIS-C with KD phenotype while only 6% of kids developed shock. Abnormal electrocardiography (ECG) was found in 41%, pericardial effusion in 16%, left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) in 42%, and coronary lesions found in 30% of patients. Abnormal NT-proBNP (>125 pg/ml) was noted in 90% of children. Abnormal cTnT was seen in 89%, and 91% of children had abnormal BNP. The present study found a mortality of 6%.

Conclusions:

MIS-C with KD phenotype is the most common presentation with raised cardiac injury markers. Abnormal ECG LVD and coronary lesions are transient common cardiac abnormalities which get resolved within 3 months of treatment.
Utility of magnetic resonance imaging of brain in neurocritically ill children in pediatric intensive care unit: A single-center retrospective observational study
Authors: Saman Uroosa , Haque Anwarul , Hussain Namaya , Shamim Bushra
Published: February 2024

Background:

Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was increasingly performed in children admitted in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with acute nontraumatic neurological disorders. The study aimed to describe neuroimaging findings and contribution of brain MRI in children admitted with acute encephalopathy admitted in PICU as well as adverse events during procedure.

Subjects and Methods:

Retrospective chart of all children with nontraumatic acute brain insults required MRI of brain admitted in PICU from January 2019 to December 2021. Demographic, clinical diagnosis, ICU therapies, and pertinent neurodiagnostic data were collected into a structured data collection sheet. The neurodiagnostic findings, contribution in the clinical management either as diagnostic, therapeutic, or prognostic as well as any adverse events during procedure and transport were also collected. All transport and procedure was done by pediatric intensive care team. Appropriate descriptive and analytical statistical tests were applied.

Results:

Eight two had brain MRI during the study period. The median age (year) was 3.0 (2 mo.-16 years) the most common admitting diagnoses were central nervous system infections in 39 (47.5%) and Status epilepticus in 7 (8%) cases. Neurodiagnostic categories of MRI were inflammatory in 34 (41.5%) and vascular/ischemia in 23 (28%) cases. Brain MRI was contributory in 57 (69.5%) cases in management of child as diagnostic in 41 (71.9%), prognostic in 15 (26%) therapeutic in 1 (1.7%) while noncontributory in 25 (30%) cases. No adverse events were reported during MRI.

Conclusions:

Brain MRI was helpful for the diagnosis as well as prognosis for acute neurocritically ill children in PICU and associated with very few minor adverse events.
Severe pertussis in an infant: A case report from Morocco
Authors: Safiani Mehdi Oudrhiri
Published: February 2024

Severe pertussis is the leading cause of mortality due to infectious diseases in infants under 2 months old. It is a rare condition with a severe prognosis and a mortality rate of around 70%. The majority of pertussis-related deaths are attributed to this clinical form. Despite therapeutic advancements, such as exchange transfusion, the prognosis remains extremely severe, highlighting the importance of preventive treatment. Indeed, vaccination has significantly reduced the prevalence of the disease. Here, we present a case of a 2-month-old infant admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit for respiratory and hemodynamic distress caused by severe pertussis.
The protective effects of Capparis spinosa aqueous extract against methotrexate in male albino rats
Authors: Ali Loay H , Abdulhadi Haitham L , Mohammed Nuha A
Published: February 2024

Background:

Methotrexate (MTX) concentrations in liver disorders can cause ischemia, requiring Capparis spinosa extract for antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties.

Objective:

The purpose of this investigation is to ascertain whether or not an aqueous extract of C. spinosa can lessen the cytotoxic effects of MTX in male albino rats.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 24 male albino rats were separated into four groups of six each. Oral normal saline (0.5 mL/kg BW) was administered to the placebo group. Group A received a weekly intraperitoneal injection of 20 mL/kg of MTX. The C. spinosa extract 250 mg/kg body weight group. The group was given MTX and C. spinosa 250 mg/kg by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection weekly for 3 months.

Results:

Aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the positive group compared to the control group. Alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase levels in the liver were also higher in participants who tested positive compared to those in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared to the control group, the treated group revealed no statistically significant changes in liver enzymes after receiving C. spinosa extract (P < 0.05). For the histological study, histological examination of the cross sections prepared from the liver of a rat injected with MTX as a single dose per week showed the presence of many histological lesions represented by the presence of degeneration and necrosis of the hepatocytes with rupturing of the wall of blood vessels, central veins, and hepatic veins, as well as the presence of infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells.

Conclusion:

The results of the present study focused that C. spinosa are promising hepatoprotective elements for improving defence mechanisms in the physiological and histological systems against oxidative stress under various circumstances.
Immunological Profile of Serum Antibodies, Multiplex Cytokines, and Complement Proteins in Cystic Echinococcosis Patients
Authors: Hussien Faleeha Habeeb
Published: February 2024

Background:

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic parasite disease that affects people globally and causes cysts to develop in internal organs.

Objectives:

This study aimed to examine the effects of E. granulosus infection on the level of some immunological cytokines such as IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6 and the level of IgM and IgG antibodies as well as to investigate the effects of hydatid cysts disease on complement proteins.

Materials and Methods:

This case–control study was carried out on 46 individuals whose ages ranged between 20 and 70. The study extended from September 2021 to May 2022. Forty-six blood samples were collected from patients infected with hydatidosis and 10 blood samples from non-infected as a control group. The blood samples were used to obtain the desired sera for immunological detection: immunoglobulins (IgM and IgG); interleukins (IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6) by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and complement proteins (by using radial immnodiffusion plate).

Results:

The level of anti-echinococcosis IgM (304.7 ± 73.4 mg/dL) was higher in infected than uninfected persons (161.8 ± 14.2 mg/dL). Anti-echinococcosis IgG level in an infected individual (1587.3 ± 449.4 mg/dL) was higher when compared with control (1136 ± 25.4 mg/dL). The highest number of cases (19, 41.30%) was observed in age 41–50 years, followed by the age 31–40 years (11, 17.18%). The results showed a high increase in the incidence of infection with hydatid cyst among men (58.69%) in comparison to women (41.30%). The patients most at risk are those living in intimate association with animals’ environments. Three cytokines including (IL-6, IL-4, and IL-2) were significantly elevated (474.8 ± 116, 6.86 ± 0.6, and 7.01 ± 2.89 pg/mL) in patients with hydatidosis disease in comparison with the normal controls (118.4 ± 14.3, 6.11 ± 0.3, and 4.54 ± 0.4 pg/mL). Examining the complement protein production, we found that C3 and C4 were significantly higher (159.5 ± 51.6 and 36.15 ± 6.13 mg/dL) in patients with hydatidosis than those of controls (117.7 ± 8.1 and 26.4 ± 3.1).

Conclusions:

Our findings provide information on the effects of E. granulosis parasite on the profile of serum antibodies, multiplex cytokines, and complement proteins in cystic echinococcosis patients.
Role of TNF-α in patients with omicron coronavirus: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Abd Al-Salam Aqeel Salman , Esmaeel Nawras Abbas , Abdulridha AL-Ganimi Ahmed Khudhair
Published: February 2024

Background:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) omicron variant has spread through the world and has caused a global pandemic. In order to make an accurate diagnosis of the disease’s severity, several immunological and biomarkers (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), D-dimer, serum ferritin, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) are evaluated immediately.

Objectives:

The current study aimed to determine the concentration of TNF-α level in the omicron coronavirus patients, and to determine the correlation of TNF-α with some biomarkers [TNF-α, D-dimer, serum ferritin, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), GPT, and LDH].

Materials and Methods:

Sixty patients (40 males and 20 females), with the age ranging from 23 to 71 years from the intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital in Babylon Iraq, were included in the current investigation. The period of study was between October and December 2021. Included criteria omicron coronaviruses patients with positive “Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)” results while the excluded criteria omicron coronaviruses patients with positive “RT-PCR” results were reviewed. Then the positive patient divided by using saturation oxygen (SPO2) into three groups (mild, moderate, and severe groups). Sex, age, and SPO2 were recorded, and biomarkers (GOT, GPT, and LDH) were measured in all patients using a bio-based device (ACCENT-200 ALAT KIT). The D-dimer and serum ferritin for all patients were done by VIDS instrument.

Results:

In this sample, the ages ranged from 23 to 71, with a mean of 60.32 ± 13.39. TNF-α concentrations were found to be significantly greater in the severe patient group compared to the mild patient group and the moderate patient group (P = 0.06). Severe patients had greater GPT and GOT concentrations than mild and moderate patients. There was a positive and statistically significant association between TNF-α and D-dimer in the mild group (r = 0.734**, P = 0.000). Neither TNF-α nor serum ferritin levels were correlated with liver function tests.

Conclusion:

Among omicron coronavirus patients, GOPT, GPT, and LDH were all elevated in the severe group, whereas there was no statistically significant difference between the mild and moderate groups (mild, moderate, and severe group). TNF-α levels were not associated with liver function tests in this research.
Combinatorial treatment of mupirocin nanomicelle in insulin-based gel for wound healing in diabetic rats
Authors: Zubairi Maysaa Banay , Abd Abdulkareem Hameed , Al-lami Mohammed Sabar
Published: February 2024

Background:

Diabetic wounds remain an important clinical challenge over the past few decades. Nanodrug delivery systems play a crucial role in the treatment of chronic infections and wound healing.

Objectives:

To evaluate the wound healing potential of newly synthesized and characterized mupirocin (MP) nanomicelle (NM) in insulin (I)-based gel (MP-NM-I), utilizing alloxan-induced diabetic rat model.

Materials and Methods:

MP-NM-I was prepared by solvent evaporation technique, 96 male rats were assigned randomly into eight groups (n = 12): one group is healthy, and the remaining seven groups were diabetic and wounded receiving treatments of gel base, tween 80, I, MP, MP-I, MP-NM, and MP-NM-I, respectively. Rats were sacrificed after 7 and 14 days of wounding. Blood samples were collected for glucose and insulin concentration measurement. Skin biopsies were examined by histological and immunohistochemical analyses.

Results:

Diabetes was confirmed after a significant increase in blood glucose and a decrease in serum insulin concentrations (P ≤ 0.001). MP-NM– and MP-NM-I–treated groups presented a rapid wound closure (100 ± 0, P ≤ 0.001), and the bacterial growth in these samples was relatively low (P ≤ 0.001). Histological examination established a significant decrease in inflammatory cells (P ≤ 0.001) with a significant elevation in tissue re-epithelialization, fibroblasts, angiogenesis, and collagen fibers (P ≤ 0.001). Immunohistochemical investigation presented a significant decrease in tumor necrosis factor-α, increase in vascular endothelial growth factors, and interleukin-10 scores (P ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion:

The developed formula of MP-NM with or without insulin is more effective than MP alone for diabetic wound healing in rats, because it accelerated wound closure. Accordingly, the formula might serve as an innovative tool for diabetic wound healing.
Association between self-care and complications among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Hermis Alaa Hamza , Muhaibes Fakhria Jaber
Published: February 2024

Background:

Self-care is essential for diabetes patients to keep control of the disease and avoid complications. Self-care can help minimize these complications.

Objectives:

The study endeavored to examine type 2-diabtic patients’ knowledge regarding self-care management and to determine the association between self-care management and the disease complications.

Materials and Methods:

This study was a quantitative research of cross-sectional design on a sample of 151 patients who visited the endocrine and diabetes center in Al-Dewaynia Teaching Hospital, Iraq. Data were collected by demographic questionnaire and the Diabetes Self-Care Scale (DSCS).

Results:

The results showed that there was a significant association between the diabetes self-care management and both diabetic foot and neuropathy (0.002 and 0.005), respectively, whereas it was no association between the diabetes self-care management with retinopathy, cardiovascular problems, nephropathy, and hepatic problems at any significant level.

Conclusion:

The study revealed that individuals’ adherence to self-care management of type 2 diabetes is very poor. Enhancing patients’ and community’s regarding changing the lifestyle is essential.
Molecular detection of efflux pump genes (MexAB-OprM) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated form Babylon Province
Authors: Jameel Zainab Hafedh , Alwash Mourouge Saadi , Abdulla Anwar A
Published: February 2024

Background:

The efflux pump system is an important mechanism used by Pseudomonas aeruginosa to avoid the effects of antibiotics.

Objectives:

This research aimed to identify whether there was a relationship between the P. aeruginosa efflux pump genes and resistance to various antibiotics.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted at various hospitals in Babylon province from March 2022 to November 2022. One hundred thirty P. aeruginosa isolates from (burn, wound, urine, ear, and sputum) were recovered from patients. Both conventional methods and the Vitek2 system were used to identify these isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disc diffusion was performed on the isolates. Efflux pump-specific primers were used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for the molecular identification of MexAB-OprM genes.

Results:

Multidrug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa were present in 125 (96.2 %). The present results showed that mexA was present in all of the 130 isolates, mexb was found in 122 (93.84%) of isolates, and the Oprm gene was present in 127 (97.69%) of isolates. MexAB-OprM was significantly associated with MDR in this study (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The genes regulating efflux pumps are important as a key factor contributing to the development of MDR P. aeruginosa.
Synergistic effects of Cassia fistula extract combination with cisplatin on the regulation of microRNA-145 and gene expression in colon cancer cell line SW480
Authors: Al-Muswie Rana Talib , Enayah Sabah H , Ghaleb Rana A
Published: February 2024

Background:

Combination therapy is an effective strategy for inhibiting cancer cells and stimulating the apoptosis gene, so the potential synergistic effects of combining Cassia fistula extract with cisplatin chemotherapy used in clinical practice have been studied.

Objective:

The study aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of C. fistula extract in vitro as well as the precise molecular mechanisms.

Materials and Methods:

For 24 h, the human colon cancer cell line SW480 was given a variety of doses of cisplatin and plant extract, as well as cisplatin with various concentrations of C. fistula. MTT assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity of the cisplatin, plant extract, half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of cisplatin with plant, and combination of cisplatin and plant against colon cancer cells. The expression of microRNA, BAX, and BCL2 was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

Results:

The results showed that C. fistula extract exhibited higher cytotoxicity against colon cancer cells compared with untreated cells and showed synergistic effects when combined with cisplatin (CDDP). Cassia fistula extract induced cell apoptosis via the intrinsic (Bax and Bcl-2) apoptotic pathways and regulated the level expression of microRNA-145. In the SW480 cell line of colon cancer studies, C. fistula extract suppressed tumor growth through the inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis. Our results showed synergistic effects when combined with IC50 of CDDP with Cassia extract through increasing the level of gene expression of Bax and reduced level expression of Bcl2. Also the regulated expression of microRNA-145.

Conclusion:

This study indicated that the synergistic of C. fistula extract and cisplatin significantly induce apoptosis by regulating the microRNA-145 gene, which is related to Bax and Bcl2 expression. Therefore, C. fistula, according to its cytotoxic and apoptotic activities, might be considered as a novel finding for the treatment of colon cancer.
Molecular detection of Tn7-like transposons and IntI2 integron integrase in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp.
Authors: Hamza Ola Adnan , Omran Rabab
Published: February 2024

Background:

Transposable elements are mobile DNA sequences that can move and change their location within the genome.

Objectives:

The aim of the study was to investigate class II integron and Tn7-like transposons and their relationship to multidrug resistance in commensal and pathogenic Klebsiella and Escherichia coli isolates.

Materials and Methods:

The disk-diffusion method was used to check the antibiotic susceptibility of 26 Klebsiella isolates and 76 E. coli isolates that had been isolated and preidentified using the VITEK 2 System from healthy stool, diarrhea, and urine in (urinary tract infection) specimens. The presence of the intI2 and Tn7-like transposase genes was then examined using specific primer pairs by polymerase chain reaction.

Results:

A total of 76% of the total isolates harbored Tn7, of which 14% of these isolates appeared to harbor intI2 in the Tn7 in three phylotypes. The other 62% of isolates had five patterns of Tn7. At the same time, the rest of the isolates (24%) were negative for the Tn7 and intI2 genes. Overall, the E. coli and Klebsiella isolates contain different Tn7-like transposons and are associated with pathogenic bacteria (P < 0.05) though some normal flora harbor the transposons. The presence of intI2 and Tn7-like transposons is associated with multidrug resistance in the studied species; intI2 in Tn7-like transposon (P < 0.029) and Tn7-like transposition genes only (P < 0.001). A significant association (P < 0.05) was detected between intI2 in the Tn7-like transposons and resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate, piperacillin, cefotaxime, gentamicin, azithromycin, and nitrofurantoin.

Conclusions:

There is a correlation between multidrug resistance and the presence of Tn7-like transposition and intI2 genes.
Effect of gender on salivary immunoglobulin and complements in autism children
Authors: Abd Suha Talal , Abdulla Wasan Lafta , Saleem Muna Abdulla , Mutlak Shaimaa Sabte , Hasson Zahraa Tariq
Published: February 2024

Background:

Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is considered a disease of neurological development; until now, there are no specific tests or biological indicators that may be utilized to establish the diagnosis. A delay in ASD diagnosis delays the initiation of pharmacological and therapeutic interventions, preventing biopsychosocial development and lowering the individual’s prognosis.

Objectives:

This study aimed to find a correlation between ASD and gender effect for some salivary immunoglobulin (Ig) and complements to facilitate the diagnosis ASD.

Materials and Methods:

It involved 30 child diagnosed with autism, aged 6- to 12-year-old. Those children were represented all ASD children of both sexes who satisfied the criteria of diagnosis for autism, saliva samples were collected and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to measure C3, C4, IgA, and IgG.

Results:

The result shows a significant increase in the concentration of IgG in male children as compared to female children, in spite of higher level of the rest variables for the male children with ASD.

Conclusion:

There was an effect of gender on salivary Ig in patient with ASD.
Detection of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and high mobility group protein box 1 HMGB1 levels in patients’ serum with breast cancer
Authors: Zaki Hind Shawqi , Alta’ee Abdulsamie Hassan , Mohammed Mushtaq Qahtan
Published: February 2024

Background:

Breast cancer (BC) is an unchecked proliferation of epithelial cells that begin in the breast lobules or ducts. BC develops and spreads as a result of the high mobility group protein box 1 (HMGB1). The survival, development, and metastasis of tumor cells have all been analyzed for the patients from Oncology Center in Merjan Medical City, Babylon Governorate. HMGB1 and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) levels in patients and controls were assessed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique.

Objectives:

The current study’s goal is to analyze the blood levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in both BC patients and healthy volunteers and evaluate how their expression changes as the disease progresses.

Materials and Methods:

Samples collected from BC levels exhibited a 76% sensitivity and a 70% specificity, respectively. Serum RAGE levels were 74% sensitive and 70% specific for the diagnosis of BC, respectively, and their substantial P value = 0.023 correlated with tumor size.

Results:

Patients had significantly higher HMGB1 and RAGE levels than did the healthy control group. In order to identify BC, serum HMGB1 is linked to HMGB1 binding to the RAGE receptor.

Conclusion:

The presence of HMGB1 in the serum may serve as a helpful biomarker for the detection of BC. BC RAGE is useful for monitoring the growth of tumor size.
Asprosin in early detection of nephropathy in type2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Abed Alwahid Ola Hussein , Khalil Talat Tariq , AL-Ridha Ismael Mohamed Abed
Published: February 2024

Background:

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) accounts for the most prevalent cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally, accounting for about 50% of all ESRD patients that need management with dialysis or a renal transplant.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to the role of Asprosin as an independent and trustworthy biomarker for the quick diagnosis of DN by knowing the sensitivity and specificity, acceptable to add to the diagnostic protocol. Evaluated fasting blood glucose asprosin, lipid profile, urea, creatinine, and albumin levels in apparently healthy groups, diabetic groups, and diabetic groups with nephropathy to determine their medical significance; asprosin can be used as an independent and trustworthy biomarker for the quick diagnosis of DN by knowing the sensitivity and specificity, acceptable to add to the diagnostic protocol.

Materials and Methods:

Blood samples were obtained from the Diabetes and Endocrine Center in Hilla city, Babylon province’s Marjan Medical City, from October 25, 2021 to January 31, 2022. Sixty type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients were classified into 30 with diabetes mellitus, 30 with DN, and 30 apparently healthy patients. Serum asprosin levels were measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. SPSS software was used to conduct the statistical analysis.

Results:

Both T2DM patients with and without nephropathy had considerably higher levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), asprosin, serum urea, creatinine, total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared to the healthy appearance group, although both groups had significantly lower levels of albumin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Asprosin additionally showed a positively correlated with serum urea, TG, and HDL-C and shown negative correlation with serum albumin. The sensitivity and specificity of the test at the cut-off value of asprosin 17.5 ng/mL were 86.7% and 80%, respectively, and the area under the curve was 0.92, P-value = 0.001.

Conclusion:

Because blood asprosin levels have a sensitivity and specificity of more than 80% in T2DM patients with nephropathy, they can be used as an independent and trustworthy biomarker for the quick diagnosis of DN.
The saddle angle and its relationship with different sagittal skeletal patterns for Iraqi population
Authors: Mohammed Lamis Khidher , Abdullah Issam Merzah , Abeas Kasem Ahmed , Al Azzawi Arkan M
Published: February 2024

Background:

The cranial base has a substantial role in determining how the maxilla and mandible are related to each other and its growth influences the maxillo-mandibular growth.

Aim:

The main aim of this study was to evaluate and assess the relationship of the saddle angle (NSAr) with different patterns of the sagittal interarch skeletal relationship for the Iraqi population and detect the effect of gender on it.

Materials and Methods:

The samples included 125 true lateral cephalometric radiographs for Iraqi patients of both genders (male and female) between the age of 18–25 years obtained from the clinic’s archives of the Orthodontic Department at the Dentistry Teaching Hospital of the Faculty of Dentistry, Baghdad University, Iraq, who was looking for orthodontic therapy. The samples were divided according to the value of ANB angle into skeletal Cl I (33 females and 14 males), skeletal Cl II (27 females, 14 males), and skeletal Cl III (17 females and 20 males) groups, then the saddle angle were digitized and recorded using AutoCAD 2012 computer program, the data then analyzed by SPSS version 24 (2016) computerized statistical analysis.

Results:

The results clarified that the mean value of saddle angle was smaller in the skeletal Cl III group for both genders, with females showed the smallest value with no significant difference, and the larger value of saddle angle was in the skeletal Cl II group for both genders with females showed the largest value with no significant difference.

Conclusion:

The sagittal skeletal relationship tends to alter from skeletal Cl III to Cl II with progressive flattening of the cranial base and vice-versa. The effect of gender on saddle angle was more than that of sagittal skeletal classes.
Computed tomographic assessment of renal length in correlation to anthropometric parameters: A cross-sectional hospital-based observational study from Iraq
Authors: Assi Mohammed Hussein , Zghair Muna Abdulghani , Ghanem Mohammed
Published: February 2024

Background:

Measuring the renal size is an important parameter used in the assessment of patients with renal diseases. There is no conventional nomogram for kidney length in the Iraqi population.

Objectives:

The main objective of our study was to evaluate the ranges of normal renal length in our population.

Material and Methods:

The right and the left kidney lengths were measured by computed tomography (CT) scan in 100 adult individuals without apparent renal condition. Analysis for differences was conducted according to laterality, age, and sex. The correlation of renal length with anthropometrical indices like body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and body surface area (BSA) was also evaluated.

Results:

The mean length of the right kidney was 11.4 cm for males and 10.2 cm for females, and of the left kidney was 11.5 cm in males and 10.8 cm in females. The mean renal lengths in the Iraqi population were similar to Iranian and American populations. The left kidney was longer than the right. Age-group analysis exhibited a significant decline in renal length beyond the sixth decade. There was a modest positive correlation of renal length with height, weight, and BSA but no correlation with BMI.

Conclusion:

The research supports the knowledge of the standard renal length range in a study population of apparently healthy Iraqi individuals by using CT scan imaging and derives linear regression equations that can be simply used in clinical practice to estimate the renal length according to body indices such as height or weight.
Malocclusion traits and speech disorders
Authors: Mohammed Shahbaa AbduGhafoor , Saloom Jinan Eliewy , Obaid Dina Hamid , Alhuwaizi Akram Faisal
Published: February 2024

Speech is the ability of communication or expression of thoughts among people in spoken words. Human communication via speech is essential since any impairment in this process may have serious social and occupational consequences. Malocclusion is a possible cause of speech impairment in addition to many other etiological factors like hearing loss, neurological disorders, physical disorders, and drug abuse. This article throws light upon the association between speech disorders and malocclusion.