bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ARE ACADEMIC MODELS OF URBAN SERVICE DISTRIBUTIONS RELEVANT TO PUBLIC POLICY?: LESSONS FROM NEW YORK
Authors: Sanger Mary Bryna
Published: September 2005

Studies identifying and explaining the patterns of service allocations within cities have proliferated in recent years. Methodologies have been refined and the quality of data has improved. Theories of service distribution tested in the research are largely of three types: (1) those that stress “underclass” explanations of racial, economic and/or political discrimination; (2) those that stress service conditions or neighborhood needs; and (3) those that stress bureaucratic decision rules. This article presents findings on the determinants of intra‐city distribution patterns for sanitation, fire and police services in New York. These findings highlight some of the difficulties of existing explanations and suggest that a bureaucratic decision rule (BDR) model provides more guidance in interpreting frequently confusing and contradictory results. Though specific rules are hard to identify, use of the BDR model enables more meaningful policy recommendations.
SERVICE NEEDS AND MUNICIPAL EXPENDITURES*
Authors: Lewis Carol W.
Published: September 2005

The difficulties involved in assessing the meaning of municipal expenditures are examined in view of the fact that dependency upon municipal services varies among and within jurisdictions. A cross‐sectional analysis of spending in the five largest cities in Connecticut illustrates how considerations of human needs can affect the interpretation of spending (although they do not alter legal obligations or the financial reality of fiscal conditions). The possibilities and limitations associated with this approach to municipal expenditures are conveyed in terms of questions of public policy.
POLITICS, LABOR RELATIONS, AND PUBLIC PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT: RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT
Authors: Sulzner George T.
Published: September 2005

The establishment of collective bargaining in the government service necessarily heightens the political context of public personnel administration. The personnel process becomes a more open system for decision‐making and consequently subject to a greater variety of influences. Especially in the implementation of policy, the personnel specialist acting as part of the management team shares responsibility with union representatives. Generally, human resource management is characterized by more give and take bilateral relations but the areas of greatest union impact are pay and discipline policies and practices. The viability of public sector labor relations will be severely tested in the eighties as governments face the dual demand for smaller work forces and increased productivity. The outcome will have a direct bearing on the work of public personnel administrators.
LITERATURE REVIEWS
Authors: Rich Richard C. , Manheim Jarol B.
Published: September 2005

BOOK REVIEW ESSAY

Stephen Breyer, Regulation and Its Reform

Kenneth W. Clarkson and Timothy J. Muris, eds., The Federal Trade Commission Since 1970: Economic Regulation and Bureaucratic Behavior

Susan M. Phillips and J. Richard Zecher, The SEC and the Public Interest

BOOK REVIEWS

Robert G. Healy and James L. Short, The Market for Rural Land – Trends. Issues, Policies

John J. Kirlin, The Political Economy of Fiscal Limits

T. J. Pempel, Policy and Politics in Japan: Creative Conservatism

Forest W. Horton and Donald A. Marchand, eds., Information Management in Public Administration

BOOKNOTES

L. H. Gann and Peter Duignan, Africa South of the Sahara: The Challenge To Western Security

Peter Duignan and L. H. Gann, The Middle East and North Africa: The Chaknge to Western Security

Rosalie L. Tung, U.S.‐China Trade Negotiations

Richard L. Gordon, Reforming the Regulation of Electric Utilities
THE NEED FOR PROGRAM AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Authors: Busson Terry L.
Published: September 2005

This article makes the case for evaluation specific to local government. The article examines the impact of Proposition 13 in California with an eye toward the usefulness of program and performance evaluation. In an era of resource scarcity there is a need for enhanced performance. Performance evaluation is one way for local government administrators to enhance their programs and improve performance.
INTERPRETING SUBJECTIVE DATA FOR PROGRAM EVALUATION
Authors: Stipak Brian
Published: September 2005

This paper examines how to interpret subjective data from citizen and client surveys for purposes of evaluating governmental programs. Six alternative models of the subjective response process are identified, and the implications of the different models are considered. Finally, different strategies for the statistical analysis of subjective data are discussed and illustrated.
INFERRING THE DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS OF BUREAUCRATIC DECISION RULES
Authors: Coulter Philip B.
Published: September 2005

Although the bureaucratic decision rules that govern delivery of municipal public services are presumably distributionally benign, they may in fact exert a strong influence on the distribution of urban policy benefits. This article explicates the decision rule governing delivery of two specific types of fire protection services in a small city, measures the distributional inequity characteristic of the patterns of delivery, and infers one or more distributional standards implicit in the decision rule. Statistical analysis using the Index of Inequity indicates that some decision rules incorporate elements of both equality and market standards, while others support need as the distributional standard.
THE EVALUATION OF COPRODUCTION PROGRAMS
Authors: Brudney Jeffrey L.
Published: September 2005

This article evaluates the benefits and costs of local coproduction of services. Coproduction is understood as active participation beyond the normal requirements of citizenship by individuals or groups in the delivery of municipal services intended to raise the quality and/or amount of their provision. The benefits and costs of coproduction programs are examined in six areas: tax savings, service effectiveness, citizen participation, motivating service‐directed behavior, training and coordination arrangements, and service equity.
Industrial Policy: Conservative, Liberal and Radical Views
Authors: Connerly Charles E.
Published: September 2005

Books reviewed in this articles:

Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison, The Deindustrialization of America

Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, Fiscal 1982 Budget Revisions

Ira C. Magaziner and Robert B. Reich, Minding America's Business; The Decline and Rise of the American Economy

Robert B. Reich, The Next American Frontier
Educational Policy Analyses: Three Recent Works
Authors: Bullock Charles S.
Published: September 2005

Books reviewed in this articles:

Derrick Ben, ed., Shades of Brown; New Perspectives on School Desegregation

Michael E. Manley‐Casimir, ed., Family Choice in Schooling

Michael A. Rebell and Arthur R. Block, Educational Policy Making and the Courts: An Empirical Study of Judicial Activism
POLICY COMMUNITIES: THE BRITISH AND EUROPEAN POLICY STYLE
Authors: Jordan A. G. , Richardson J. J.
Published: September 2005

It seems possible to formulate broad characterizations of the British and European policy processes in terms of the relationship between government and interest groups. There is a preferred type of machinery in Britain, reflecting normative values, which is to avoid electoral politics and public conflict in order to reach consensus or “accommodation” in the labyrinth of consultative machinery. This style is aptly labelled “bureaucratic accommodation” and is a system in which the dominant actors are groups and government departments. Departments readily recognize the “relevant” groups in a given policy area and seek to mobilize the community around agreed policies. The predilection for the avoidance of conflict seems equally apparent in other Western European nations.
STRATEGIES OF SINGLE‐ISSUE INTEREST GROUPS
Authors: Oberstar Gloria Toivola
Published: September 2005

Using traditional models of electoral behavior one would not expect single‐issue interest groups to have the impact on the American electoral system evident in recent elections. The difficulty in understanding their success lies in the assumption that the rational voter merely maximizes utility by choosing between the positions offered by the candidates/ political parties. Single‐issue interest group activity has demonstrated, to the contrary, that it is possible for an assertive rational voter to successfully force candidates/ parties to take specific positions on issues and to form winning coalitions.
RELIGIOUS LEADERS AS POLICY ADVOCATES: THE YOUNGSTOWN STEEL MILL CLOSING
Authors: Buss Terry F. , Redburn F. Stevens
Published: September 2005

Religious organizations have always played a major role in the formulations of public policy. In the case of plant closings and mass unemployment, religious organizations have always assumed a leadership role in comforting and caring for workers and families under distress from job loss. Recently, religious organizations have broken from this traditional role to become advocates and actors in the politics of plant closings, economic development, and worker ownership. In this article, the efforts of religious organizations spawned by the closing of Youngstown Sheet and Tube are examined.
ADMINISTRATIVE LOBBYING EFFECTIVENESS: WOMEN AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN U.S. FOREIGN ASSISTANCE
Authors: Staudt Kathleen A.
Published: September 2005

This paper compares the administrative lobbying efforts of women's and environmental groups to nudge the U.S. Agency for International Development (AID) to conform with Congressional mandates. In 1973, Congress mandated that AID involve women in its development programs, and AID responded with the establishment of a small, resource‐poor monitoring office whose leader nurtured a wider constituency for the issue. In contrast, AID ignored its responsibilities under the National Environmental Policy Act, but once established environmental groups initiated a suit against AID, its General Council joined the environmental monitoring office and other executive branch advocacy units to increase environmentally sound programming. The progress of these two issues is compared, focusing on interest groups, internal AID structure, and the issues themselves.
THE AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION, ANTITRUST LEGISLATION AND INTEREST GROUP COALITIONS
Authors: Melone Albert P.
Published: September 2005

This article examines the testimonial behavior of the American Bar Association with respect to congressional hearings conducted to consider proposed changes in the antitrust laws during the 1970s. The ABA displayed a pattern of agreement in opposition to the proposed antitrust legislation with recurrently appearing business interest groups, and the Nixon and Ford Justice Departments. ABA testimony proved inconsistent with the views expressed by the Federal Trade Commission and a consumer lobby, the Consumer Union. Variable intergroup interaction levels, and data on the vested interests of ABA leaders are suggested as possessing explanatory power.
Pessimism and Optimism in Judicial Reform
Authors: Dudley Robert L.
Published: September 2005

Book Reviewed in this article

Philip L. Dubois (editor) The Analysis of Judicial Reform (Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books; D.C. Heath and Company, 1982); 221 pp.; ISBN 0‐669‐04480‐6; $23.95.

Philip L. Dubois (editor) The Politics of Judicial Reform (Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books; D.C. Heath and Company, 1982); 187 pp.; ISBN 0‐669‐04478‐4; $24.95 cloth.
Housing Allowances: Emerging Answers
Authors: Schwartz Nathan H.
Published: September 2005

Katharine L. Bradbury and Anthony Downs (editors), Do Housing Allowances Work? (Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1981), 419 pp; ISBN 0‐8157‐1052‐6, $26.95.

Judith D. Feins and Terry Saunders Lane, How Much for Housing? (Cambridge, Mass.: Abt Books, 1981), 208 pp; ISBN 0‐89011‐558‐3, $19.00.

Raymond J. Struyk and Marc Bendick, Jr. (editors), Housing Vouchers for the Poor; Lessons from a National Experiment (Washington, D.C.: The Urban Institute Press, 1981), 424 pp; ISBN 87766‐280‐0, $25.00.
The Dynamics Of Federalism
Authors: Berman David , Martin Lawrence
Published: September 2005

Wright, Deil S., Understanding Intergovernmental Relations

Walker, David B., Toward a Functioning Federalism

Hanus, Jerome J., The Nationalization of State Government

Hale, George E. and Marian Lief Palley, The Politics of Federal Grants
BOOK NOTES
Authors: Nagel Robert
Published: September 2005

Aaron, Henry J., Economic Effects of Social Security

Abramson, Paul R., Political Attitudes in America: Formation and Change

The Boston Study Group, Winding Down; The Price of Defense

Brewster, David E., Wayne D. Rasmussen, and Garth Youngberg (eds.), Farms in Transition; Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Farm Structure

Choate, Pat, and Susan Walter, America In Ruins; The Decaying Infrastructure

Dewar, Margaret E., Industry In Trouble; The Federal Government and the New England Fisheries

Elder, Charles D., and Roger W. Cobb, The Political Uses of Symbols

Etzioni, Amitai, An Immodest Agenda; Rebuilding America Before the 21st Century

Hartley, Keith, NATO Arms Co‐operation; A Study in Economics and Politics

Hill, Lowell D. (ed.), Role of Government in a Market Economy

Keyfitz, Nathan, Population Change and Social Policy

Lefcoe, George (ed.), Urban Land Policy for the 1980's: The Message for State and Local Government

Lens, Sidney, The Maginot Line Syndrome; America's Hopeless Foreign Policy

Levin, Harvey J., Fact and Fancy in Television Regulation

Levine, Adeline Gordon, Love Canal; Science, Politics, and People

Page, Benjamin I., Who Gets What From Government

Puyana de Palacios, Alicia, Economic Integration Among Unequal Partners, The Case of the Andean Group

Redburn, F. Stevens and Terry F. Buss (eds.) Public Policies for Distressed Communities

Rodgers, Harrell R., Jr., The Cost of Human Neglect

Vroman, Wayne, Wage Inflation; Prospects for Deceleration

Wellman, Carl, Welfare Rights

Wells, Louis T., Jr., Third World Multinationals; The Rise of Foreign Investment from Developing Countries
WORKING‐CLASS WOMEN AND CIVIC ACTION: A CASE STUDY OF AN INNOVATIVE COMMUNITY ROLE*
Authors: Dabrowski Irene
Published: September 2005

This paper focuses on working‐class women who are assuming public responsibility in voluntary organizations aimed at the maintenance and improvement of their city neighborhoods. Forty women were interviewed in‐depth regarding their civic concerns and voluntary activities in a case study of Carondelet, a predominantly white working‐class neighborhood of St. Louis. Overall, activism is well‐organized and widespread with women playing a major contributing role. If the experience of Carondelet is typical, then future urban policy analysis must seriously take into account extensive female input at the grass‐roots level.
Alternate Paths in Defense Policy
Authors: Haffa Robert P.
Published: September 2005

James Fallows, National Defense.

William W. Kaufmann, Defense in the 1980s.
PERSPECTIVES ON THE SAGEBRUSH REBELLION
Authors: Dowdle Barney
Published: September 2005

The Sagebrush Rebellion began in the late 1970s with the objective of transferring various categories of federally owned lands to the states. The movement was centered in western “public lands” states, where nearly half the total land area is in federal ownership. Within a relatively short period of time this objective was changed to one of “privatizing” federal lands, of selling these land into private ownership. While the Sagebrush Rebellion has been highly political in its activities, the movement can be viewed in the perspective of historical land disposition policies in the U.S. These policies were changed near the turn of the century from alienating public lands into private ownership to their retention and management by the federal government.

Confusion over the economics of building a free enterprise system based on private property rights, and the costs associated with building such as system, appear to have been major factors in changing land policies. Two important aras in which this occurred were the Homestead Act of 1862 and timber. The provisions of the Homestead Act imposed heavy costs on settlers, and these costs caused a reaction against the economic system that was being built.
A PUBLIC UTILITY APPROACH TO LAND USE
Authors: Case Fred E. , Gale Jeffrey
Published: September 2005

Escalating legal confrontations between private enterprise and government over land use controls are raising the costs of land development and slowly eliminating the potentials for reasonably priced family housing. Equally important, these confrontations are beginning to have more and more of the negative aspects of public utility control processes without any of the associated benefits. Now would seem to be an ideal time in which to review the “public utility” approach to land use controls since it can offer many more benefits than current control systems, while balancing society concerns and private developers' fair return objectives.
LOCAL LAND POLICY OVERRIDES: WHEN ARE THEY APPROPRIATE?
Authors: Geiser Kenneth , Bratt Rachel G.
Published: September 2005

The state has the power both to enable local communities to regulate land usage, as well as to override local jurisdictions' zoning policies. In Massachusetts, two pieces of legislation have empowered the state to override local land use control for the purpose of constructing two types of facilities: low and moderte income housing and hazardous waste treatment facilities. Both initiatives have stimulated considerable debate and controversy. This paper provides a framework or “test” for understanding the relative appropriateness of state overrides in general. In addition, the two Massachusetts case are discussed and analyzed according to these criteria.
FISCAL IMPACT ANALYSIS AND THE PYRAMID MALL CASE
Authors: Brooks Richard O.
Published: September 2005

States and towns are increasingly using a new impact analysis technique (one that shows many of the virtues and vices of impact planning generally): fiscal impact analysis. In a recent celebrated case in Vermont, the Pyramid Mall case, in which a shopping center was refused a development permit under “Act 250”, Vermont's state–wide land use law, heavy use was made of fiscal impact analyses. This case raised serious issues about the financial and technical capability of the state – indeed any state – to administer fiscal impact analysis, and about the adequacy of the law to properly guide the use of impact analysis. The central question running throughout the Pyramid Mall case and the use of fiscal impact analyses in that case is whether the administration of land use controls pursuant to fiscal impact analysis is improper government control of competition. The Pyramid Mall case offers an illustration of the effort to control both competition among private units and competition among municipalities; a study of the case reveals the extent to which the effort is effective, optimal, and equitable. The inadequacy of the Vermont laws enabling fiscal impact analysis emerges, and the shallowness of existing judicial review of fiscal impact analysis becomes evident. Guidelines for a proper legal approach to fiscal impact analysis are suggested and alternative mechanisms of review are suggested.
IMPACT FEES: SOME FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES
Authors: Currier Barry A.
Published: September 2005

Impact fees are an increasingly popular way for local governments to raise money for new capital facilities. The legal basis for the imposition of these fees, however, is unsettled. This paper considers some of the fundamental questions that must be resolved concerning the legality of impact fees. The paper concludes that in many instances such fees are unauthorized taxes, not fees incident to the regulatory power local governments possess under the police power. The paper suggests that impact fees should play only a limited role in meeting the fiscal obligations of local governments.
THE EFFECTS OF COURT INTERVENTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION
Authors: Wiley Karen B.
Published: September 2005

Books reviewed in this articles:

Laura M. Lake, Environmental Regulation; The Political Effects of Implementation

R. Shep Melnick, Regulation and the Courts; The Case of the Clean Air Act

Lettie M. Wenner, The Environmental Decade in Court
POLITICS, ECONOMICS AND DEFENSE POLICY
Authors: Shearman Peter
Published: September 2005

Books reviewed in this articles:

Ian F. W. Beckett and John Gooch (eds.), Politicians and Defense; Studies in the Formulation of British Defense Policy

Gavin Kennedy, Defense Economies
TOWARD A POST‐POSITIVIST POLICY ANALYSIS
Authors: Amy Douglas J.
Published: September 2005

Book reviewed in this article

Paul Diesing, Science and Ideology in the Policy Sciences

Daniel Callahan and Bruce Jennings, Ethics, The Social Sciences, and Policy Analysis

Frank Fischer, Polities, Values, and Public Policy: The Problem of Methodology
THE ECONOMICS OF SOCIAL SECURITY POLICY
Authors: Critzer John W.
Published: September 2005

Books reviewed in this articles:

Henry J. Aaron, Economic Effects of Social Security

Peter J. Ferrara, Social Security; Adverting the Crisis

Carolyn L. Weaver, The Crisis in Social Security; Economic and Political Origins
ALTERNATIVE LEVELS OF ANALYSIS IN HAZARDOUS WASTE REGULATORY POLICY
Authors: Davis Charles E. , Lester James P.
Published: September 2005

The articles in this collection serve to illustrate that problems of hazardous waste disposal are amenable to analysis from a variety of theoretical perspectives. Understanding the interplay between high‐risk policy problems, changing political and economic circumstances, and actions taken by political actors with a stake in decisional outcomes should yield information of substantial value to public administrators as well as students of the public policy process.
HOW MUCH CHILD SUPPORT CAN ABSENT FATHERS PAY?
Authors: Haskins Ron , Schwartz J. Brad , Akin John S. , Dobelstein Andrew W.
Published: September 2005

A variety of empirical studies show that custodial mothers and children are worse off after separation and divorce than absent fathers. Many of these mothers and children live in poverty and many more are above the poverty line but below median family income. Since 1974 the U.S. has had a federal‐state program of Child Support Enforcement, but absent fathers still have a poor record of paying child support. To estimate how much money absent fathers could be expected to pay in child support, we used income data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, Census Bureau data on the number of custodial mothers and children with living absent fathers, and two systems for determining how much money absent fathers should pay in child support. Using these sources, we estimate that absent fathers could pay $26.6 billion in child support–about 3.6 times as much as they actually paid in 1984. Most of this child support money would come from upper‐income families. We conclude that absent fathers could substantially augment the financial security of custodial mothers and their children, and that the U.S. should therefore pursue a vigorous program of Child Support Enforcement.
ANALYZING THE COST OF DEBT FOR SMALL BUSINESS
Authors: Kirchoff Bruce A.
Published: September 2005

The available empirical evidence provides mixed views of small businesses' relative bankruptcy risk. The difference between Churchill and Lewis' findings and SBA's and Kirchhoffs' may well lie in the difference in definition of firm “size” used. Risk is not evenly spread; the smallest businesses seem to be less risky than the intermediate size businesses. Yet, Churchill and Lewis' actual loss evidence suggests that small business risk is only marginally greater than for large businesses, the loss rate is still equivalent to less than one half of one percent.

The assumptions that lenders will adjust the amount of debt they allow small business clients rather than the interest rate is not rejected by this evidence. In fact, the much higher profitability of the small business department reported by Churchill and Lewis suggests that the bank's loan interest rates are more than high enough to cover loss risk and fixed costs, and borrowers provide profitable deposits. Thus, the logic of my utility theory hypothesis provides a reasonable explanation for the relatively higher debt levels of small firms compared to large firms. But, then the Kirchhoffs' findings cast some doubt on whether small firms actually have higher debt levels. None of these findings justify the 2.75 percent interest rate spread allowed by SBA.
LITERATURE REVIEWS
Authors: Francisco Ronald , Lineberry Robert L
Published: September 2005

Books reviewed in this article:

A. Comments

B. Book Notes

Abney, Glenn and Thomas P Lauth The Politics of State and City Administration

Adams, William J and Christran Stoffaes, (eds) French Industrial Policy

Binkin, Martin, Military Technology and Defense Manpower

Elazar, aniel J Cities of the Prairie Revisited The Closing of the Metropolitan Frontier

Ginsberg, Benjamin The Captive Public How Mass Opinion Promotes State Power

Heath, Robert L and Richard Alan Nelson Issues Management Corporate Public Policymaking in an Information Society

Hunt, Morton Profiles of Social Research The Scientific Study of Human Interactions

Kaplan, Marshall and Peggy Cuciti (eds) The Great Society and itsLegacy wenty Years of U S Social Policy

Katz, Michael B In the Shadow of the Poorhouse A Social History of Welfare in America

Katzmann, Robert A. Institutional Disability The Sage of Transporation Policy for the Disabled

Liroff, Richard A Reformaing Air Pollution Regulation The Toil Trouble of EPA's Bubble

Lowi, Theodore J The Personal President Power Invested Promise Unflfilled

Mead, Walter J, Asbjorn Moseidjord, Dennis D Muraoka, and Philip E Sorenson Offshore Lands. Oil and Gas Leasing and Conservation on th Outer Continental Shelf

Muskie, Edmund, Kenneth Rush, and Kenneth W Thompson The President, the Congress and Foreign Policy

Openshaw, Stan Nuclear Power. Siting and Safety

Peters, B Guy American Public Policy Promise and Performance

Rosentraub, Mark S, (ed) Urban Policy Problems Federal Policy and Institutional Change

Story, Dale Industry, the State, and Public Policy in Mexico

Taylor, Ralph B, (ed) Urban Neighborhoods Research and Policy

Wesson, Robert and Heraldo Munoz, (eds) Latin American Views of U S Policy

Winston, Brian isunderstanding Media

Zurcher, Louis A, Milton L Boykin, and Hardy L Merritt Citizen Sailors in a Changing Society Policy Issues for Manning the United StatesNaval Reserve
LITERATURE REVIEWS
Authors: Francisco Ronald , Lineberry Ronald L
Published: September 2005

A. Comments

B. Book Review Essay

Philip E Converse and Roy Pierce Political Representation France (Cambridge. MA and London Harvard University Press. 1986). 996 pp

Daniel Gaxie. ed, Explication du Vote (Paris Presses de la Fondation Nationale des Sciences Poiitlques. 1985). 450 pp

Jack Hayward. The State and the Market Economy industrial Patnotism and Economic lntervention in France (New York New York University Press, 1985). 267 pp

Howard Machin and Vincent Wright. eds, Economrc Policy‐Making Under the Mitrerrand Presidency, 1981–1984 (New York St Martin's Press, 1985). 293 pp

C. Book Notes

Beldon, Joseph N Dirt Rich.

Brown, William P and Don F Hadwiger (eds) World Food Policies Toward Agricultural Interdependence

Weiss, Thomas G Multilateral Development Diplomacy in UNCTAD

Schultze, Charles L Other Times. Other Places Macroeconomic Lessons Form US and European History

Collingridge, David and Colin Reeve Science Speaks to Power The Role of Experts in Policymaking

Feller, Irwin Universities and State Governments A Study in Policy Analysis

Cawson, Alan Corporatism and Political Theory

Lefort, Claude The Political Forms of Modern Society Bureaucracy, Democracy, Totalitarianism

Lehne, Richard Casino Policy

Moorhouse, John C Electric Power Deregulation and the Public Interest

Wright, James D and Peter H Rossi Armed and Considered Dangerous A Survey of Felons and their Firearms

Kluegel, James R Beliefs About Inequality America's Views of What is and What Ought to Be

Raskin, Marcus G The Common Good Its Politics, Policies, and Philosophy

Schorr, Alvin L Common Decency Domestic Policies After Reagan

Davies, David G United States Tax and Tax Policy

Lee, Dwight R (ed) Taxation and the Deficit Economy Fiscal Policy and Capital Formation in the United States

Teplitz, Paul V and Stephen H Brooks Alternative Tax Proposals How the Numbers Add Up
LITERATURE REVIEWS
Authors: Francisco Ronald , Lineberry Robert L
Published: September 2005

Book Review Essay

URBAN POLICY AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF CITIES: GENTRIFICATION AND NEIGHBORHOOD REVITALIZATION

J. John Palen and Bruce London, eds., Gentrification, displacement and Neighborhood Revitalization

Michael H. Schill and Richard P. Nathan, Revitalizing America's Cities

Paul E. Peterson, ed., The New Urban Reality

Addo, Herb, et al. Development as Social Transformation: Reflections on the Global Problematique

Arian, Asher. Politics in Israel: The Second Generation

Bean, Philip, John Ferris and David Whynes, (eds.). In Defense of Welfare

Bedichek, Wendell M., and Neal Tannahill. Public Policy in Texas

Bowman, William, Roger Little and G. Thomas sicilia. The All‐Volunteer Force After a Decade: Retrospedt and Prospect

Congressional quarterly Editorial Staff, Energy and Environment: Unfinished Business

Dahrendorf, Ralf. Law and Order

Dillon, K. Burke, et al., and Khan, Mohsin S., et al. Recent Developments in External Debt Restructuring

Editors of congressional Quarterly. U.S. Foreign Policy: The Reagan imprint

Edwards, George C., 111, Steven A. Shull and Norman C. Thomas, (eds.). The Presidency and Public Policy Making

Foell, Earl, and Richard Henneman, (eds.). How Peace Came to the Word

Grant, Wyn (ed.). The Political economy of Corporatism

Grindle, Merilee S. State and Countryside: Development Policy and Agrarian Politics in Latin America

Hardin, Russell, John J. Mearsheimer, Gerald Dworkin and Robert E. Goodin, (eds.). Nuclear Deterrence: ethics and Strategy

Hershey, Marjorie Randon. Running for Office: The Political Education of Campaigners

Hough, Jerry F. The Struggle for the third World: Soviet Debates and American Options

Kamieniecki, sheldon, Robert O'Brien and Michael Clark (eds.). Controversies in environmental Policy

Kaufman, Herbert. Time, Chance and Organizations: Natural Selection in a Perilous Environment

Kenny, Anthouny. The Logic of Deterrence: A Philosopher Looks at the Arguments For and Against Nuclear Disarmament

Lal, Deepak. The Poverty of ‘Development Economics’

Mehran, Hassanali (ed.). External Debt Management

Rees, Gareth and John Lambert. Cities in Crisis: The Political Economy of Urban Development in Post‐War Britain

Ripley, Randal B., and Grace A. Franklin. Policy Implementation and Bureaucracy

Savoie, Donald J. Regional Economic Development: Canada's Search for Solutions

Sawhill, John C., and Richard Cotton (eds.). Energy Conservation‐Successes and Failures

Schmandt, Jurgen, and Hilliard Roderick (eds.). Acid Rain and Friendly Neighbors: The Policy Dispute Between Canada and the United States

Sundquist, James L. Constitutional Reform and Effective Government

Vincent, C. Paul. The Politics of Hunger: The Allied Blockade of Germany 1915‐1919

Witt, Elder. A Different Justice: Reagan and the Supreme Court

Wright, Kevin. The Great American Crime Myth
INDIAN RESOURCES AND THE NATIONAL ECONOMY: BUSINESS CYCLES AND POLICY CYCLES
Authors: Barsh Russel Lawrence
Published: September 2005

There is a war going on right now over Indian resources–a war not too different from the Indian wars of the 1700s or 1800s. The motivation for such wars has always been the same

(Bomberry, 1984:7)
Book Review Essay
Authors: Morrison Kathleen , Webber David J.
Published: September 2005

Robert H. Haveman. 1987. Poverty Policy and Poverty Research

Lawrence M. Mead. 1986. Beyond Entitlement: The Social Obligations of Citizenship

William Julius Wilson. 1987. The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, The Underclass and Public Policy
ECONOMIC RIGHTS AND THE WELFARE STATE: THE QUEST FOR POLICY INTEGRITY
Authors: Morrow William L.
Published: September 2005

Leslie Dunbar. 1988. The Common Interest: How Our Social Welfare Policies Don't Work and What We Can Do About Them

Charles Lockhart. 1989. Gaining Ground: Tailoring Social Programs to American Values
SOME PROBLEMS OF BROAD DELEGATION OF LAWMAKING POWER: REFLECTIONS FROM AN EMPIRICAL STUDY1
Authors: Gilboy Janet A.
Published: September 2005

“…Law begets law…Agencies that begin in a context of statutes that associate guidance with power are agencies that begin with legal integrity and have histories of greater legal integrity. Agencies that begin with little or no legal integrity are very unlikely to develop any along the way.”

— Theodore J. Lowi (1979:124)
FSLIC'S DOWNFALL
Authors: Rom Mark
Published: September 2005

Paul Zane Pilzer with Robert Deitz. 1889. Other People's Money: The Inside Story of the S&L Mess

Stephen Pizzo, Mary Fricker, and Paul Muolo. 1989. Inside Job: The Looting of America's Savings asnd Loans

Edward J. Kane. 1989. The S&L Insurance Mess: How Did It Happen?

R. Dan Brumbaugh, Jr. 1988. Thrifts Under Siege: Restoring Order to Amercan Banking
Some Introductory Notes
Authors: Tate C Neal
Published: September 2005

The authority of a court to declare laws and official acts unconstitutional is a practice which sheds a strong light on the interplay of law and politics. It is a judicial act which gives to judges so obvious a share in policymaking that where it prevails there is little room left for the pretense that judges only apply the law (Ehrmann, 1976, p 138)
Scientific Uncertainties, Public Policy, and Global Warming
Authors: William Colglazier E.
Published: September 2005

Whether the uncertainties (about global warming) are large enough to suggest delaying policy responses is not a scientific question per se, but a value judgment… [T]he public and government officials need to know which uncertainties are reducible, which may not be reducible, and how long it may take to narrow the reducible uncertainties. (Schneider, 1989a)
Institutions For Global Change
Authors: Sand Peter H.
Published: September 2005

On March 11, 1989, twenty‐four governments called for the development, within the framework of the United Nations, of

new institutional authority, either by strengthening existing institutions or by creating a new institution which, in the context of the preservation of the earth's atmosphere, shall be responsible for combating any further global warming of the atmosphere. (Declaration of The Hague, 1989. p. 1308)
Between Autonomy and Capture
Authors: Echeverri‐Gent John
Published: September 2005

This article uses organization theory and political economy to develop a conceptual framework, for analyzing factors that shape relations between government agencies and their social environment. The framework conceptualizes these relations as social networks composed of actors engaged in the exchange of resources. Then, it develops an understanding of how cultural norms shape these exchanges. The article concludes by examining the framework's normative implications. In particular, it explores when agency autonomy promotes effective policy implementation and when it results in unaccountability. It also demonstrates that, in many cases, an agency's dependence on actors in its environment may enhance the effectiveness of policy implementation.
The Politics of Citizen Access Technology
Authors: Guthrie K. Kendall , Dutton William H.
Published: September 2005

This article uses comparative case studies to examine the political shaping of public Information utilities developed by American local governments. These public access computer networks are designed lo facilitate access to community information and dialogue. We view technology design as analogous to developing public policy on citizen participation, where the “legislation” is imbedded in the technological design. Research sites included three adopter cities, Santa Monica, Pasadena, and Glendale, California, and one nonadopter city, Irvine. This comparison highlights key technology‐policy choices (including the choice of not developing this application). Our analysis then examines the role of technological paradigms, local political cultures, and organizational arrangements in shaping municipal approaches to addressing these key policy choices.
Political and Socioeconomic Indicators of State Restrictiveness Toward Abortion
Authors: Strickland Ruth Ann , Whicker Marcia Lynn
Published: September 2005

We compare the relative impacts of political and socioeconomic factors on state restrictiveness toward abortion during the pre‐Roe, pre‐Webster and post‐Webster time frames. This analysis tests the value of cycle theory, where shifting epochs dominated by liberalism and conservatism enhance the role of political variables in shaping policy formation. It also tests the explanatory value of public opinion theory which holds that bimodal issues which cut across party lines accentuate the role of socioeconomic variables in shaping issue evolution. The results of this analysis lend support to cycle theory and public opinion theory, although public opinion theory receives stronger support. When socioeconomic independent variables are regressed against our dichotomous measures of state restrictiveness toward abortion, they explain more variance than political independent variables. Political variables were more important in the conservative era (1989) than in the liberal era (1972).
Agricultural Settlement and Ecological Crisis in the Ecuadorian Amazon Frontier
Authors: Pichón Francisco J.
Published: September 2005

This article discusses several structural factors in the policy environment of Ecuador thought to determine the process of occupation by agricultural colonists of the country's segment of Amazonia and the emerging land settlement patterns in the region. These factors are fundamentally concerned with (a) national sovereignty interests over remote, peripheral territories characterized by low population density and ill‐defined land ownership, (b) the reduction of demographic and social pressures in other regions of the country, and (c) the extension of the agricultural frontier. For economic and geopolitical reasons, the Ecuadorian state is likely to maintain a moderate and rather ineffectual set of incentives supporfted by the current legislation to allow the occupation of the Amazon region. Consequently, as migrants continue to flow into the easily degradable areas of the Amazon, and without increased population carrying capacity outrside the Amazon, some conversion of the rainforest environment of eastern Ecuador to other uses is certain to continue. A more detailed microlevel understanding of the interrelationship among factors influencing land‐use decisions by settler farmers is needed to find policy‐entry points.
Environmental Issues and Policies in Costa Rica
Authors: Jones Jeffrey R.
Published: September 2005

Despite its widely publicized efforts in environmental conservation, Costa Rica continues to experience severe deforestation due to entrenched deforestation interests in the country. These interests are created by existing legislation which unintentionally favors deforestation, and by the longstanding nonapplication of positive legislation. Costa Rica's newest strategy involves the mobilization of a broad‐bayed conservation constituency through environmental education and the development of a “conservation area” strategy which helps distribute responsibilities and benefits of conservation among populations adjacent to protected areas.
The Political Economy of Comparative Environmental Policy
Authors: Lehman Howard
Published: September 2005

Brendan F.D., Barrett and Rikti Therivel Environmental Policy and Impact Assessment in Japan.

Alemneh Dejene, Environment, Famine, and Politics in Ethiopia: A View from the Village.

David Goodman and Michael Redclift, eds., Environment and Development in Latin Ameruca: The Politics of Sustainbiliity.

Roberto P. Pryde, The Ecopolitics of Development in the Third World: Politics and Environment in Brazil.

Philip R. Pryde, Environmental Management in the Soviet Union.

Lester Ross, Environmental Policy in China.
Peace Protest and Policy
Authors: Meyer David S.
Published: September 2005

The tremendous fluctuations in public mobilization against United States nuclear weapons policy, a relatively stable policy over four decades, present a difficult riddle to social scientists. Since the dawn of the nuclear age small groups of activists have consistently protested both the content of United States national security policy and the process by which it is made. Only occasionally, however, has this protest spread beyond a handful of relatively marginal groups, generated substantial public support, and reached mainstream political institutions. This article examines the political cycles of peace movement engagement and quiescence, and their relation to external political context, particularly public policy. I begin with a brief review of the relevant literature on the origins of the movements, noting parallels in the study of interest groups. Building on recent literature on political opportunity structure. I suggest a theoretical framework which emphasizes the interaction between activists choices and political context. I then describe the cycles of peace movement activism and quiescence on nuclear weapons issues in the United States using mass media sources to delineate periods of mobilization. I outline a number of policy variables which may help explain protest mobilization. My conclusions address the importance of policy and political context in explaining movement cycles and the potential influence of protest movements on policy.
The Strategic Planning Component in the Policymaking Process for Municipalities in Canada
Authors: Lightbody James
Published: September 2005

Canadian municipalities are the products of precedent and the statute law of their respective provinces. Their nonpartisan politics have focussed on the servicing and enhancement of the interests, largely related to property, of a long‐dominant commercial elite. Contrary priorities have been subverted by provincial conditional grant programs and other administrative guidance. Even in the largest cities, the realities of fiscal austerity beginning in the 1980s encountered structures and practices unable to manage imaginatively under conditions of stress.
Reforming Local Government Policymaking and Management Through Organizational Learning and Experimentation
Authors: Baldersheim Harold , Stava Per
Published: September 2005

This article presents two ongoing programs of local government reform in Norway, the Free Commune Program and the Pilot Commune Program. These programs are fairly typical of thinking on local government development in the Nordic countries at the moment. On the one hand, the welfare states are seen as being in danger of becoming overloaded. On the other hand, local government is seen as being in need of developing a capacity to respond better to local communities; consequently, national regulations have to become less standardized in order to allow for greater local adaptability and more variation. The emergent municipal organizational models reflect a more community‐oriented approach to local government and a deemphasis on local governments as distributive channels for central ministries. A New Nordic Welfare Model is emerging with more emphasis on local initiatives.
Local Decisionmaking and Management in Czechoslovakia: 1990–19921
Authors: Vidlakova Olga
Published: September 2005

This article discusses the local government and decisionmaking system which emerged in the post‐communist era in the former Czechoslovakia as a result of sweeping political, economic, and social change. The legal, institutional, and financial framework put in place following on rapid decentralization and deregulation is outlined; also discussed are problems associated with fragmentation, role definition, and uncertainty, as well as lack of management experience, strategic planning stills, training (both of local officials and elected representatives), and money.
The Dynamics and Interactions Between the President's and the Public's Civil Rights Agendas: A Study in Presidential Leadership and Representation
Authors: Cohen Jeffrey E.
Published: September 2005

Past research views presidents as reactive and minor actors in the civilrights policy process. However, that research has focused solely on the latter stages of the policy process. This report views the president's role from an agendasetting perspective. A content analysis reveals that presidents lead public opinion on civil rights, but that the public has little impact on the president's civil rights agenda. The distinction between discretionary and required agenda items explains this asymmetry between the president and the public in civil rights policymaking. A fuller notion of policymaking that includes all stages of the process, from agendasetting to implementation and evaluation, is required to understand the role of the president in civil rights policymaking and leads us to revise the perception that presidents play reactive and minor roles in civil rights policy.
Racial Stratification, Intellectual History, and Presidential Action in the Civil Rights Domain
Authors: Brown Ronald E.
Published: September 2005

Using an historical approach, this paper assesses the role of the American presidency in the pursuit of civil rights policy. The basic argument is that the drivingforces in the passage of civil rights policies since Reconstruction have been external pressures on the presidency. Rather than being protagonists in the progression of civil rights, presidents are portrayed as political actors primarily interested in maintaining social order and attracting African‐American votes. Rarely have presidents pushed for civil rights progress outside of that context.
Presidential Leadership of Congressional Civil Rights Voting: The Cases of Eisenhower and Johnson
Authors: King James D. , Riddlesperger James W.
Published: September 2005

Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower and Lyndon B. Johnson presented dramatically contrasting styles of leadership in their relationships with Congress. Yet each was successful in securing passage of monumental civil rights legislation in very different political environments. Focusing on the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, we show that both Eisenhower and Johnson attracted support from the opposition party's faction at the far end of the ideological spectrum while retaining support from his own party's dominant faction. The analysis suggests that it is not the president's leadership style alone that produces legislative results, but a proper mixture of leadership style and the political environment.
A Transformed Triangle: Court, Congress, and Presidency in Civil Rights
Authors: Wasby Stephen L.
Published: September 2005

The relative permeability of the three elements of a triangle‐the Supreme Court, Congress, and the president‐to civil rights interest groups has varied over time. For almost two decades after World War II, the Supreme Court was the groups' preferred arena because Congress was resistant and presidents could thus do little or were hesitant to act. For a brief time in the mid‐1960s the president and Congress became supportive of civil rights groups' claims while the Court also remained accessible. Starting in the late 1960s executive and legislative support for civil rights moderated, with presidential support declining significantly in the 1980s. When the Supreme Court adopted that latter stance, Congress became the body through which to protect civil rights by reversing the Court's decisions. In this examination of the “transformed triangle” in civil rights policymaking, we look at this change over time and at “flip‐flops” in litigation as one administration changes the position espoused by its predecessor, and we also give some attention to the Supreme Court's response to congressional reversal of its rulings.