bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Botulinum Toxin and Surgery among Spasmodic Dysphonia Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: van Esch Babette F. , Wegner Inge , Stegeman Inge , Grolman Wilko
Published: November 2016

Objective

The effect of botulinum toxin among patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia (AdSD) is temporary. To optimize long‐term treatment outcome, other therapy options should be evaluated. Alternative treatment options for AdSD comprise several surgical treatments, such as thyroarytenoid myotomy, thyroplasty, selective laryngeal adductor denervation‐reinnervation, laryngeal nerve crush, and recurrent laryngeal nerve resection. Here, we present the first systematic review comparing the effect of botulinum toxin with surgical treatment among patients diagnosed with AdSD.

Data Sources

MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library.

Methods

Articles were reviewed by 2 independent authors, and data were compiled in tables for analysis of the objective outcome (voice expert evaluation after voice recording), the subjective outcome (patient self‐assessment scores), and voice‐related quality of life (Voice Health Index scores).

Results

No clinical trials comparing both treatment modalities were identified. Single‐armed studies evaluated either the effect of botulinum toxin or surgical treatment. Thirteen studies reported outcomes after botulinum toxin treatment (n = 419), and 9 studies reported outcomes after surgical treatment (n = 585 patients). A positive effect of bilateral botulinum toxin injections was found for the objective voice outcome, subjective voice outcome, and quality of life. The duration of the beneficial effect ranged from 15 to 18 weeks. Surgical treatment had an overall positive effect on objective voice improvement, subjective voice improvement, and quality of live.

Conclusion

No preference for one treatment could be demonstrated. Prospective clinical trials comparing treatment modalities are recommended to delineate the optimal outcomes by direct comparison.
The Role of Helicobacter pylori in Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Campbell Ross , Kilty Shaun J. , Hutton Brian , Bonaparte James P.
Published: November 2016

Objective

The primary objective was to determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori among patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux. The secondary objective was determining if H pylori eradication leads to greater symptom improvement in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux as compared with standard proton pump inhibitor therapy alone.

Data Sources

EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, MEDLINE, World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, European Union Clinical Trials Register, Cochrane Library databases of clinical trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov.

Review Methods

A systematic review was performed of studies assessing the diagnosis or treatment of H pylori among patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux. Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case‐control studies, and case series were included. A meta‐analysis of prevalence data and assessment of heterogeneity was performed on relevant studies.

Results

Fourteen studies were analyzed in the review, with 13 eligible for the meta‐analysis. We determined that the prevalence of H pylori among patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux was 43.9% (95% confidence interval, 32.1‐56.5). The heterogeneity of studies was high, with an overall I
2 value of 92.3%. We were unable to quantitatively assess findings for our secondary outcome, since H pylori identification and treatment were not the primary focus of the majority of studies.

Conclusion

There is a high rate of H pylori infection among patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux. The infection rate in North America and Western Europe has not been adequately studied. There is insufficient evidence to make a recommendation regarding the testing and treatment of H pylori infection among patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux.
Toward Optimal Decision Making among Vulnerable Patients Referred for Cardiac Surgery: A Qualitative Analysis of Patient and Provider Perspectives
Authors: Gainer Ryan A. , Curran Janet , Buth Karen J. , David Jennie G. , Légaré Jean-Francois , Hirsch Gregory M.
Published: November 2016

Objectives. Comprehension of risks, benefits, and alternative treatment options has been shown to be poor among patients referred for cardiac interventions. Patients’ values and preferences are rarely explicitly sought. An increasing proportion of frail and older patients are undergoing complex cardiac surgical procedures with increased risk of both mortality and prolonged institutional care. We sought input from patients and caregivers to determine the optimal approach to decision making in this vulnerable patient population. Methods. Focus groups were held with both providers and former patients. Three focus groups were convened for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG), Valve, or CABG +Valve patients ≥ 70 y old (2-y post-op, ≤ 8-wk post-op, complicated post-op course) (n = 15). Three focus groups were convened for Intermediate Medical Care Unit (IMCU) nurses, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses, surgeons, anesthesiologists and cardiac intensivists (n = 20). We used a semi-structured interview format to ask questions surrounding the informed consent process. Transcribed audio data was analyzed to develop consistent and comprehensive themes. Results. We identified 5 main themes that influence the decision making process: educational barriers, educational facilitators, patient autonomy and perceived autonomy, patient and family expectations of care, and decision making advocates. All themes were influenced by time constraints experienced in the current consent process. Patient groups expressed a desire to receive information earlier in their care to allow time to identify personal values and preferences in developing plans for treatment. Both groups strongly supported a formal approach for shared decision making with a decisional coach to provide information and facilitate communication with the care team. Conclusions. Identifying the barriers and facilitators to patient and caretaker engagement in decision making is a key step in the development of a structured, patient-centered SDM approach. Intervention early in the decision process, the use of individualized decision aids that employ graphic risk presentations, and a dedicated decisional coach were identified by patients and providers as approaches with a high potential for success. The impact of such a formalized shared decision making process in cardiac surgery on decisional quality will need to be formally assessed. Given the trend toward older and frail patients referred for complex cardiac procedures, the need for an effective shared decision making process is compelling.
Managing health care in the digital world: A comparative analysis
Authors: Cucciniello Maria , Lapsley Irvine , Nasi Greta
Published: November 2016

Recently, most reforms affecting healthcare systems have focused on improving the quality of care and containing costs. This has led many scholars to advocate the adoption of Health Information systems, especially electronic medical records, by highlighting their potential benefits. This study is based on a comparative analysis using a multiple method approach to examine the implementation of the same electronic medical record system at two different hospitals. Its findings offer insights into the processes of the adoption of innovation and its implementation in a healthcare context. The need to innovate, the decision to innovate, the implementation process and consequently, the results produced are quite distinctive at each study site. This comparative case study reveals that what appears to be the same can be quite different: this can be due to several conditions at the organization, the organization’s characteristics, and the process of implementation adopted. We need to understand these elements in order to be able to plan and manage such programs in the future.
The Roles of Dyadic Appraisal and Coping in Couples With Lung Cancer
Authors: Lyons Karen S. , Miller Lyndsey M. , McCarthy Michael J.
Published: November 2016

Given the high symptom burden and low survivability of lung cancer, patients and their spouses have been found to experience poor mental health. The current study examined the roles of dyadic appraisal and dyadic coping on the mental health of 78 couples living with non-small cell lung cancer. Multilevel modeling revealed that spouses, on average, reported significantly worse mental health than patients. Dyadic appraisal and dyadic coping played important roles in predicting mental health, controlling for known developmental and contextual covariates. Dyadic appraisal of the patient’s pain and fatigue was significantly associated with spouse mental health, albeit in opposite directions. Dyadic coping significantly predicted patient mental health. The study underlines the need to incorporate routine screening of both patient and spouse mental health, and highlights the complex role of appraisal within the couple in a life-threatening context. Viewing the couple as a unit, rather than separate individuals, raises important awareness about the role of disparate illness appraisals and coping strategies within the dyad on the health of both members. Nurses are particularly well situated to engage in a collaborative family-focused approach to the couple with cancer that promotes communication and health.
Late complications of bariatric surgery in pregnancy
Authors: Reijnierse Anniek , Burgers Janneke A , Go Attie TJI , Zengerink Johannes F , van der Weiden Robin MF
Published: November 2016

Severe complications of bariatric surgery in pregnancy can appear many years later, even if there is a history of an uneventful pregnancy after bariatric surgery and a stable body mass index for years. We present the case of a pregnant patient who presented to our gynaecology department with an internal herniation after Roux and Y gastric bypass surgery.
Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy
Authors: Bhabra Gev , Wang Allan , Ebert Jay R. , Edwards Peter , Zheng Monica , Zheng Ming H.
Published: November 2016

Lateral elbow tendinopathy, commonly known as tennis elbow, is a condition that can cause significant functional impairment in working-age patients. The term tendinopathy is used to describe chronic overuse tendon disorders encompassing a group of pathologies, a spectrum of disease. This review details the pathophysiology of tendinopathy and tendon healing as an introduction for a system grading the severity of tendinopathy, with each of the 4 grades displaying distinct histopathological features. Currently, there are a large number of nonoperative treatments available for lateral elbow tendinopathy, with little guidance as to when and how to use them. In fact, an appraisal of the clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses studying these treatment modalities reveals that no single treatment reliably achieves outstanding results. This may be due in part to the majority of clinical studies to date including all patients with chronic tendinopathy rather than attempting to categorize patients according to the severity of disease. We relate the pathophysiology of the different grades of tendinopathy to the basic science principles that underpin the mechanisms of action of the nonoperative treatments available to propose a treatment algorithm guiding the management of lateral elbow tendinopathy depending on severity. We believe that this system will be useful both in clinical practice and for the future investigation of the efficacy of treatments.
Cross-Sectional Assessment of Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Patient Knowledge
Authors: Rosenbaum Andrew J. , Marinescu Anca Gabriela , Levine David , Ellis Scott J.
Published: November 2016

Background:

Individuals with limited health literacy often struggle in effectively communicating with their physicians and may lack the skills needed to make informed health decisions. It is therefore important that providers have insight into patients’ baseline medical knowledge, as this can help physicians customize their approach to, and conversations with, each patient. As such, this study evaluated the foot and ankle–specific knowledge of patients seeking care for various foot and ankle ailments.

Methods:

An unvalidated survey developed by our study group was distributed to 206 patients, assessing their knowledge of foot and ankle anatomy, terminology, conditions, treatment, and perioperative issues. Performance was evaluated as a function of participants’ demographic factors.

Results:

Participants performed significantly worse on the conditions and treatment questions as compared to the anatomy, terminology, and perioperative considerations subsections. Significantly better performance correlated with education (≥college), visit type (preoperative evaluation), a current or previous health care occupation, and prior orthopedic surgeon evaluation.

Conclusions:

Patients’ knowledge of foot and ankle anatomy, terminology, conditions, treatment, and perioperative issues correlates with certain patient characteristics and demographics. With enhanced insight into the risk factors for limited knowledge, education campaigns can be designed to target those most in need.
Knockdown of Neuropeptide Y in the Dorsomedial Hypothalamus Promotes Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity in Male Rats
Authors: Li Lin , de La Serre C. Barbier , Zhang Ni , Yang Liang , Li Hong , Bi Sheng
Published: November 2016

Recent evidence has shown that alterations in dorsomedial hypothalamic (DMH) neuropeptide Y (NPY) signaling influence glucose homeostasis, but the mechanism through which DMH NPY acts to affect glucose homeostasis remains unclear. Here we report that DMH NPY descending signals to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) modulate hepatic insulin sensitivity to control hepatic glucose production in rats. Using the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, we revealed that knockdown of NPY in the DMH by adeno-associated virus-mediated NPY-specific RNAi promoted insulin’s action on suppression of hepatic glucose production. This knockdown silenced DMH NPY descending signals to the DMV, leading to an elevation of hepatic vagal innervation. Hepatic vagotomy abolished the inhibitory effect of DMH NPY knockdown on hepatic glucose production, but this glycemic effect was not affected by vagal deafferentation. Together, these results demonstrate a distinct role for DMH NPY in the regulation of glucose homeostasis through the hepatic vagal efferents and insulin action on hepatic glucose production.
Harmonic Function in Rock Music
Authors: Nobile Drew
Published: November 2016

In this article, I advocate for a syntactical definition of harmonic function in rock music such that function is acquired not by a chord's scale-degree content but by its role in the context of a song's form. In rock songs, the syntactical role of dominant, for example, is often played by chords unrelated to V, such as IV, ii, ♭VII, or even versions of I. A theory of harmonic function rooted in chord category—e.g., ascribing dominant function to any chord related to V—inadequately accounts for rock's harmonic organization. I argue that syntactical elements underlie many existing conceptions of harmonic function, but theories rooted in common-practice repertoire nearly always involve chord category to some degree. Separating syntactical and categorical elements not only leads us to a fuller understanding of rock's harmonic idiom, but also reveals similarities between rock music and common-practice tonal music that many theorists insist do not exist.
Collective strategy for obstacle navigation during cooperative transport by ants
Authors: McCreery Helen F. , Dix Zachary A. , Breed Michael D. , Nagpal Radhika
Published: November 2016

Group cohesion and consensus have primarily been studied in the context of discrete decisions, but some group tasks require making serial decisions that build on one another. We examine such collective problem solving by studying obstacle navigation during cooperative transport in ants. In cooperative transport, ants work together to move a large object back to their nest. We blocked cooperative transport groups of Paratrechina longicornis with obstacles of varying complexity, analyzing groups' trajectories to infer what kind of strategy the ants employed. Simple strategies require little information, but more challenging, robust strategies succeed with a wider range of obstacles. We found that transport groups use a stochastic strategy that leads to efficient navigation around simple obstacles, and still succeeds at difficult obstacles. While groups navigating obstacles preferentially move directly toward the nest, they change their behavior over time; the longer the ants are obstructed, the more likely they are to move away from the nest. This increases the chance of finding a path around the obstacle. Groups rapidly changed directions and rarely stalled during navigation, indicating that these ants maintain consensus even when the nest direction is blocked. Although some decisions were aided by the arrival of new ants, at many key points, direction changes were initiated within the group, with no apparent external cause. This ant species is highly effective at navigating complex environments, and implements a flexible strategy that works for both simple and more complex obstacles.
Direct identification of base-paired RNA nucleotides by correlated chemical probing
Authors: Krokhotin Andrey , Mustoe Anthony M. , Weeks Kevin M. , Dokholyan Nikolay V.
Published: November 2016

Many RNA molecules fold into complex secondary and tertiary structures that play critical roles in biological function. Among the best-established methods for examining RNA structure are chemical probing experiments, which can report on local nucleotide structure in a concise and extensible manner. While probing data are highly useful for inferring overall RNA secondary structure, these data do not directly measure through-space base-pairing interactions. We recently introduced an approach for single-molecule correlated chemical probing with dimethyl sulfate (DMS) that measures RNA interaction groups by mutational profiling (RING-MaP). RING-MaP experiments reveal diverse through-space interactions corresponding to both secondary and tertiary structure. Here we develop a framework for using RING-MaP data to directly and robustly identify canonical base pairs in RNA. When applied to three representative RNAs, this framework identified 20%–50% of accepted base pairs with a <10% false discovery rate, allowing detection of 88% of duplexes containing four or more base pairs, including pseudoknotted pairs. We further show that base pairs determined from RING-MaP analysis significantly improve secondary structure modeling. RING-MaP-based correlated chemical probing represents a direct, experimentally concise, and accurate approach for detection of individual base pairs and helices and should greatly facilitate structure modeling for complex RNAs.
Science for the sustainable use of ecosystem services
Authors: Bennett Elena M. , Chaplin-Kramer Rebecca
Published: November 2016

Sustainability is a key challenge for humanity in the 21st century. Ecosystem services—the benefits that people derive from nature and natural capital—is a concept often used to help explain human reliance on nature and frame the decisions we make in terms of the ongoing value of nature to human wellbeing. Yet ecosystem service science has not always lived up to the promise of its potential. Despite advances in the scientific literature, ecosystem service science has not yet answered some of the most critical questions posed by decision-makers in the realm of sustainability. Here, we explore the history of ecosystem service science, discuss advances in conceptualization and measurement, and point toward further work needed to improve the use of ecosystem service in decisions about sustainable development.
Big steps against mouth cancer
Authors: Chatfield Christina , Bissett Gaby
Published: November 2016

Dental hygienist Christina Chatfield is making tracks in raising awareness of the importance of good oral health. She speaks to Gaby Bissett
Hands as a source of cross infection
Authors: Cash Charlotte
Published: November 2016

Shaking hands, touching a patient's face with hands or typing on a computer keyboard will all result in picking up bacteria and viruses. So, what preventative measures can we take?
Antibiotics and life
Authors: Hancocks Stephen
Published: November 2016

Stephen Hancocks charts the discovery of antibiotics and the positive effect they have had to date.
Am I doing the right thing?
Authors: Collier Andrew
Published: November 2016

Dental nurse registration has given professional rights but also responsibilities and obligations as to what can and what cannot be ethically and legally done. Andrew Collier offers a case example of a potentially difficult situation – and the principles required to resolve it successfully
A relação entre hidroelétricas e riscos em saúde: experiência vivenciada no município de Nova Ponte (MG). Brasil
Authors: Couto Joana D’Arc Vieira , Silva Vicente De Paulo
Published: November 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender as relações existentes entre os Grandes Projetos de Investimentos (GPIs), na forma específica de hidroelétricas e os riscos em saúde, especialmente os riscos voltados para o aparecimento de novas doenças. Os resultados revelam uma estreita relação entre morador e território usado, na medida em que algumas doenças podem estar relacionadas com as alterações sofridas no contexto de vida das pessoas.
Risco de intrusão salina e desenvolvimento sustentável: gestão integrada de água subterrâneas
Authors: Carvalho Henrique , Ponte Carita , Veloso Nuno , Reis Edite , Coelho Pedro , Silva Manuela Moreira da
Published: November 2016

Tal como outros aquíferos costeiros, o Sistema Aquífero da Mexilhoeira Grande - Portimão (Algarve), está sob a ameaça da intrusão salina. Analisou-se a evolução nos últimos 30 anos dos níveis piezométricos, do balanço hídrico, de alguns indicadores da qualidade da água e dos usos do solo. Conclui-se que a salinidade devida à intrusão salina e/ou à presença de diapiros está confinada a zonas restritas e que, desde que devidamente monitorizado, este aquífero pode contribuir para a implementação de novos projetos agrícolas importantes para a economia da região.
Efeito do incêndio de Catraia no comportamento hidrológico da bacia hidrográfica do rio Séqua
Authors: Almeida Soraia , Martins Fernando , Fernandez Helena , Pedras Celestina , Silva Elisa , Costa Rui , Lança Rui
Published: November 2016

O uso e a ocupação do solo, e os incêndios florestais influenciam a relação entre precipitação-escoamento superficial e, consequentemente, o regime de cheias num curso de água. Neste estudo utilizou-se o modelo Hydrologic Engineering Center - Hydrologic Modeling System para simular a resposta hidrológica da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Séqua, em cenário pré-incêndio e pós-incêndio de Catraia, Algarve, Portugal. Os resultados revelam que os caudais de ponta de cheia sofrem um incremento de 25% nas sub-bacias hidrográficas mais afetadas pelo incêndio.
Riscos de incêndios florestais no parque nacional de Brasília. Brasil
Authors: Neto Gervásio Barbosa Soares , Bayma Adriana Panhol , Faria Karla Maria Silva de , Oliviera Erivan Germano de , Menezes Paulo Henrique Bretanha Junker
Published: November 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de definir um modelo de risco de incêndio e um mapa estratégico de combate a incêndio florestal com base em Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) para o Parque Nacional de Brasília, situado a noroeste do Distrito Federal/Brasil. Foram consideradas variáveis como uso e ocupação do solo, declividade do terreno, orientação das encostas e rede viária. Os resultados indicaram que 83% da área do Parque encontravam-se sob risco alto e muito alto de incêndio e que 3% indicaram risco extremo. A metodologia foi replicada em outras áreas no bioma Cerrado e validada com base em focos de incêndios ocorridos em 2010.
A importância da imagem na afirmação do socorro: a experiência da força especial de bombeiros
Authors: Caldeira Pedro
Published: November 2016

A Força Especial de Bombeiros é uma Força Especial de Proteção Civil, dotada de estrutura e comando próprio. Depende administrativa e operacionalmente da Autoridade Nacional de Proteção Civil. Dispõe de um quadro permanente de 270 operacionais e uma disposição territorial de nível nacional. Executa essencialmente a sua missão nas áreas do combate a incêndios florestais, salvamento aquático, resgate em montanha, busca e salvamento aéreo, salvamento em grande ângulo, apoio logístico, equipas de posto de comando de reserva nacional, análise e uso fogo e reconhecimento e avaliação da situação.
Instituciones en chile para la defensa contra incendios de interfaz urbano-forestal
Authors: S. Miguel Castillo
Published: November 2016

Chile ha tenido un notable aumento en el riesgo de incendios de interfaz urbano-forestal. También se ha constatado un elevado nivel de daños producidos por la propagación del fuego en estas áreas. Ello se ha debido, entre otros factores, por las prolongadas sequías asociadas a condiciones meteorológicas muy desfavorables, el aumento de la intencionalidad en la iniciación de incendios, debilidades en las campañas de prevención y manejo de la vegetación combustible, y también por deficiencias en las políticas de gestión del territorio. En este artículo se describen las principales instituciones que se encargan de proteger al país frente a este problema.
O uso de geotecnologias para a análise da gestão de risco prospectiva: as doenças e a ocorrência das inundações por precipitações pluviométricas no estado de Santa Catarina. Sul do Brasil
Authors: Diesel Lilian Elizabeth , Ometto Jean Pierre Henry Balbaud
Published: November 2016

A presente pesquisa objetiva a análise exploratória dos dados de doenças infecciosas, como síndrome diarreica aguda e a leptospirose, com as inundações por precipitações pluviométricas ocorridas no estado de Santa Catarina, durante o período de 2008 a 2012. Demonstra esta pesquisa que o uso da geotecnologia associada à gestão de risco prospectivo contribui para a definição de intervenções com o propósito de minimizar as ocorrências das doenças em casos deinundações por precipitações pluviométricas.
Discussão sobre risco ambiental a partir de pesquisas desenvolvidas na escola básica e em comunidade localizada em área de risco. Belo Horizonte/Brasil
Authors: Souza Carla Juscélia De Oliveira
Published: November 2016

Este trabalho apresenta e discute o tipo de abordagem e conteúdos referentes a riscos ambientais presentes em três Trabalhos de Conclusão de Curso (TCC’s). Na discussão foram considerados os conceitos vulnerabilidade, perigo e risco na análise qualitativa do conteúdo dos trabalhos. A questão do risco foi considerada a partir de abordagens referentes à percepção ambiental, à concepção de riscos e dos saberes escolar.
Las familias y la elección de padrinos y madrinas de bautizo en la Europa católica en la Edad Moderna. Balance y perspectivas de investigación
Authors: Alfani Guido , Gourdon Vincent
Published: November 2016

Patrinus, «la red de historia cultural y social de bautismo y de padrinazgo» fue fundada en 2006. Retomando los trabajos disponibles antes de esa fecha y los de los investigadores comprometidos desde entonces con Patrinus, este artículo propone un balance de los principales resultados en referencia a la elección de los padrinos y madrinas en la Europa católica de la Edad Moderna, en particular en Italia y en Francia, los dos países más estudiados hasta la fecha pero también en España. Se presentan los grandes modelos de padrinazgo existentes antes y después del Concilio de Trento, cuyas restricciones más o menos severas pesaron sobre la selección de las familias de los bautizados. A continuación, el artículo estudia las diferentes estrategias de selección destacando especialmente la posición secundaria de los miembros del parentesco de los bautizados entre las personas elegidas. Para finalizar, analiza el papel que pudieron jugar las características propias de cada neonato, y especialmente su sexo, su rango de nacimiento o su ilegitimidad, en las lógicas de movilización de los parientes espirituales: se somete a debate el posible impacto de equiparación del nuevo modelo de padrinazgo adoptado en Trento en 1563.
Formación y conformación de la juventud en la Castilla urbana moderna
Authors: García Fernández Máximo
Published: November 2016

Sin entrar aquí en los caminos del ciclo vital de la juventud de antiguo régimen en los que más se ha centrado la historiografía modernista hasta la fecha, esta propuesta bucea en todas las fuentes documentales posibles a la hora de plantearse preguntas y de tratar de dar las primeras respuestas a innumerables cuestiones capitales sobre el devenir del mundo socio-familiar juvenil en clave cultural y de civilización urbana. A la par que se abren nuevos focos de atención, documentales y de perspectiva, la cuestión se centra en la existencia o no de una cultura juvenil propia, tras el desarrollo de su progreso formativo, con la finalidad de fijar su avance como grupo de edad estratégico y cada vez mejor definido.
El control institucional de los matrimonios bajo sospecha en el ejército. Entre la firmeza de un enlace de conveniencia y el engaño de la promesa fingida, Alicante 1751-1763
Authors: Álvarez y Cañas María Luisa
Published: November 2016

La historia de dos diferentes enlaces de oficiales militares sirve de ejemplo para comprender los requisitos necesarios para obtener la validez institucional de ese sacramento. Desde perspectivas humanas diferentes, uno de conveniencia y otro clandestino, ambos matrimonios reflejan a una clase privilegiada, y muestran como la autoridad de la Iglesia se encontraba subordinada a la jurisdicción del Ejército.
Mujeres, marginación y pobreza en Alicante durante el siglo XVIII
Authors: Agüero Díez María Teresa
Published: November 2016

Durante los siglos XVII y XVIII los conceptos de pobreza y marginación fueron evolucionando en Europa, así como las intervenciones de Estado e Iglesia al respecto. En todo caso, para las mujeres con pocos recursos, el paso de una capa social a otra inferior podía precipitarse si se conjugaban una serie de factores adversos. Este estudio trata de acercarse a esa dinámica descendente que solía afectar a la mujer ciñéndonos a un espacio y un tiempo concretos: Alicante durante el siglo XVIII. Paralelamente, también se plantea en qué medida familia, sociedad e instituciones condicionan, bien acelerando o amortiguando, esta deriva hacia la pauperización femenina, ya fuese sobrevenida o heredada.
Contexto de Vida de Adolescentes em Período de Reclusão
Authors: Silva Inez Maria De Jesus , Melo Rosana Alves de , Dos Santos Nadja Maria
Published: November 2016

Objetivo: Analisar o contexto para a ocorrência do ato infracional por parte dos adolescentes internados em uma instituição de Atendimento Socioeducativo no município de Petrolina-PE.  Método: Estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, realizada com quinze adolescentes em período de reclusão na Fundação de Atendimento Socioeducativo, no período de janeiro e fevereiro de 2015, através de entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram analisados pelo método de análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: Diversos fatores como ausência escolar, baixo nível socioeconômico, falta de estrutura familiar e vivência de violência em casa e na rua, foram fatores determinantes para a prática de ato infracional. Conclusão: As medidas socioeducativas, o apoio social e o suporte familiar, mesmo no período de reclusão, são fatores cruciais para a ressocialização dos adolescentes infratores. Assim, as fundações socioeducativas necessitam possuir estrutura adequada e equipe multiprofissional humanizada para favorecer um atendimento integral e re-socializador.
Síndrome Alcoólica Fetal: Uma abordagem reflexiva da Psicopedagogia no contexto da Educação Básica
Authors: Silva Henrique Miguel de Lima , Cabral Symara Abrantes Albuquerque de Oliveira , Alencar Maria Carmem Batista de , Alves Segundo Edgley Gonçalves , Silva Edvânia Maria Leite
Published: November 2016

O presente trabalho propõe-se a partir da abordagem sociointeracionista de autores  como Piaget (1979), Vygotsky (1989),  dentre outros, que partilham da análise do indivíduo na perspectiva dialógica, inserir dentro da educação básica a temática da síndrome alcoólica fetal com base em práticas reflexivas, no intuito de promover um desenvolvimento crítico do educandos acerca das relações entre álcool e desenvolvimento cognitivo humano. Trata-se de um relato de experiência de atividade formativa realizada com docentes do ensino fundamental, com abordagem da temática, de modo a provocar a reflexão para prática. Dessa maneira, buscar compreender os modos de interação na sociedade contemporânea propicia a construção de métodos e pesquisas que possam explorar o comportamento humano e, por conseguinte, desenvolver as relações sociais como um todo, tomando por base a observação de ação realizada.
A importância da produção agrícola orgânica na agricultura familiar
Authors: Sousa Maria José Duarte de , Cajú Maria Andreza Duarte , Oliveira Cícera Patrícia Alves
Published: November 2016

A agricultura orgânica ganha destaque na geração de emprego e renda para o agricultor familiar, como também se destaca de forma positiva no âmbito da preservação do meio ambiente. Este artigo busca apresentar a importância da produção orgânica no contexto da agricultura familiar, dando ênfase nas atividades realizadas e os cuidados que devem ser tomados ao se produzir alimentos orgânicos, usando como estudo de caso o Assentamento Barra de Lages no Município de Caririaçu – CE, onde são produzidas diversas espécies de hortaliças orgânicas que são comercializadas em feiras semanais nas cidades de Juazeiro do Norte e Caririaçu. Especificamente, mostra a importância que a produção orgânica tem no Brasil, ao surgir como a principal alternativa para diminuir os riscos causados pelos agrotóxicos e relacionar inúmeras doenças causadas tanto para o produtor quanto para o consumidor final.
Percepção do Adulto-Jovem sobre o Envelhecer
Authors: Filadelfo Jéssica Santos , Cândido Aldrina Da Silva Confessor
Published: November 2016

Este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a percepção de adultos-jovens sobre o envelhecer. A pesquisa foi do tipo descritiva com abordagem qualitativa e procedimento de pesquisa de campo com discentes de uma instituição de nível superior no município de Vitória da Conquista-BA. A análise dos dados foi através da técnica da Análise de Conteúdo, que consiste em um conjunto de técnicas de julgamento das comunicações que utiliza procedimentos sistemáticos e objetivos de descrição de conteúdo. A maioria dos entrevistados definiu o envelhecimento abordando principalmente os aspectos biológicos e cronológicos. Entender o processo de envelhecimento e a percepção de cada um sobre esse assunto é importante, e o quanto mais cedo possível, melhor, não somente para ampliar os conhecimentos dos processos degenerativos associados a idade, mas também para desenvolver estratégias que amenizem os efeitos físicos e mentais decorrente da passagem dos anos.
Метод нелинейных граничных интегральных уравнений для решения
квазистатической контактной задачи о взаимодействии упругих тел
при наличии кулонова трения
Authors: Стреляев Юрий Михайлович , Streliaiev Yurii Mikhailovich
Published: November 2016

Рассмотрена пространственная квазистатическая контактная задача о взаимодействии двух линейно-упругих тел с учетом кулонова трения между ними. В граничных условиях задачи на каждом шаге дискретного процесса нагружения были приняты упрощения, основанные на модификации закона трения Кулона. Эта модификация состояла во введении в соотношения, выражающие закон трения Кулона, запаздывания контактных давлений, ограничивающих касательные контактные напряжения. В рассмотренной постановке задача бала сведена к последовательному решению серии однотипных систем нелинейных интегральных уравнений описывающих взаимодействие тел на каждом из шагов нагружения. Для получения контактных напряжений на каждом шаге нагружения использован метод приближeнного решения системы интегральных уравнений этого шага, который заключается в регуляризации этой системы уравнений, дискретизации регуляризированной системы и применении сходящегося итерационного процесса для получения решения дискретизированной системы. Предложенным методом получено численное решение контактной задачи о вдавливании упругого шара в упругое полупространство при возрастании и последующем убывании нормальной сжимающей силы.
Об одном методе решения нестационарных задач теплопроводности
с несимметричными граничными условиями
Authors: Кудинов Игорь Васильевич , Kudinov Igor Vasilievich , Стефанюк Екатерина Васильевна , Stefanyuk Ekaterina Vasil'evna , Скворцова Марина Петровна , Skvortsova Marina Petrovna , Котова Евгения Валериевна , Kotova Eugeniya Valerievna , Синяев Геннадий Михайлович , Sinyaev Genady Mikhailovich
Published: November 2016

С использованием дополнительных граничных условий и дополнительной искомой функции в интегральном методе теплового баланса, получено приближенное аналитическое решение нестационарной задачи теплопроводности для бесконечной пластины при несимметричных граничных условиях первого рода.
Решение имеет простой вид тригонометрического полинома с коэффициентами, экспоненциально стабилизирующимися во времени.
С увеличением числа членов полинома получаемое решение приближается к точному.
Введение зависящей от времени дополнительной искомой функции, задаваемой в одной из граничных точек, позволяет свести решение дифференциального уравнения в частных производных к интегрированию обыкновенного дифференциального уравнения.
Дополнительные граничные условия находятся в таком виде, чтобы их выполнение искомым решением было эквивалентно выполнению исходного дифференциального уравнения в граничных точках.
Показано, что выполнение уравнения лишь в граничных точках приводит к его выполнению и внутри области, минуя интегрирование по пространственной переменной, заменяемого выполнением искомым решением интеграла теплового баланса (осредненного дифференциального уравнения в частных производных).
Отсутствие необходимости интегрирования исходного уравнения по пространственной переменной позволяет применять данный метод к решению нелинейных краевых задач с переменными начальными условиями и физическими свойствами среды и др.
К 85-летию со дня рождения профессора Д. Д. Ивлева
Authors: Радаев Юрий Николаевич , Radayev Yuri Nikolaevich , Радченко Владимир Павлович , Radchenko Vladimir Pavlovich
Published: November 2016

6 сентября 2015 года Дюису Даниловичу Ивлеву исполнилось бы 85 лет.
В настоящей статье приводятся некоторые сведения, не известные широкой научной публике, и список всех его основных работ.
Численное интегрирование краевых задач для нелинейных обыкновенных
дифференциальных уравнений второго порядка произвольной структуры
с использованием итерационных процедур
Authors: Маклаков Владимир Николаевич , Maklakov Vladimir Nikolaevich
Published: November 2016

Предложена итерационная процедура численного интегрирования краевых задач для нелинейных обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений второго порядка произвольной структуры. Исходное дифференциальное уравнение алгебраическими преобразованиями приведено к линейному неоднородному дифференциальному уравнению второго порядка с постоянными коэффициентами, правая часть которого представлена в виде линейной комбинации производных искомой функции вплоть до второй степени и исследуемого дифференциального уравнения произвольной структуры. При построении разностной краевой задачи были использованы многочлены Тейлора, что позволило отказаться от аппроксимации производных конечными разностями. Степень многочленов Тейлора может быть выбрана равной любому натуральному числу, большему или равному двум. Построенное линейное неоднородное дифференциальное уравнение имеет три произвольных коэффициента. Показано, что коэффициент при исходном дифференциальном уравнении произвольной структуры в правой части полученного неоднородного линейного дифференциального уравнения связан со сходимостью итерационной процедуры, а коэффициенты при производных искомой функции влияют на устойчивость разностной краевой задачи на каждой итерации. Теоретически установлены значения коэффициентов при производных искомой функции, обеспечивающие устойчивость разностной краевой задачи независимо от вида исходного уравнения. При выполнении численного эксперимента выявлено, что коэффициент, обеспечивающий сходимость итерационной процедуры, зависит от вида исходного дифференциального уравнения. Численный эксперимент показал, что увеличение степени используемого многочлена Тейлора приводит к уменьшению погрешности между точным и найденным численным решениями.
Нелокальная задача для нагруженного уравнения смешанного типа с интегральным оператором
Authors: Абдуллаев Обиджон Хайруллаевич , Abdullayev Obidjon Khayrullayevich
Published: November 2016

Поставлена и исследована нелокальная задача для нагруженного уравнения второго порядка
эллиптико-гиперболического типа с интегральным оператором в двусвязной области.
Единственность решения доказывается с помощью принципа экстремума для уравнений смешанного типа.
Для использования принципа экстремума было показано, что нагруженная часть уравнения тождественно равна нулю.
Существование решения задачи доказывается методом интегральных уравнений, при этом используются теория сингулярных интегральных уравнений и интегральные уравнения Фредгольма второго рода.
Численный метод определения параметров модели ползучести разупрочняющегося материала
Authors: Зотеев Владимир Евгеньевич , Zoteev Vladimir Eugenievich , Макаров Роман Юрьевич , Makarov Roman Yuryevich
Published: November 2016

Тенденции к уменьшению массы машин при улучшении их качества, а также стремление к наиболее полному использованию механических свойств материалов требуют постоянного совершенствования и развития известных методов расчета и анализа напряженно-деформированного состояния материалов в условиях ползучести.
В статье рассматривается новый численный метод оценки параметров математической модели ползучести разупрочняющегося материала на основе экспериментальных диаграмм, построенных по результатам испытаний при различных напряжениях.
В основе метода лежит обобщенная регрессионная модель, построенная на основе разностных уравнений, описывающих диаграммы ползучести.
Полученные соотношения между коэффициентами разностного уравнения и параметрами деформации ползучести позволяют свести задачу параметрической идентификации к итерационной процедуре среднеквадратичного оценивания коэффициентов, линейной на каждом шаге итерации обобщенной регрессионной модели.
Проведена апробация разработанного численного метода на пяти экспериментальных кривых ползучести алюминиевого сплава, подтверждающая достоверность полученных соотношений и эффективность численного метода.
Inhibition of GSK‐3β increases trabecular bone volume but not cortical bone volume in adenine‐induced uremic mice with severe hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Tatsumoto Narihito , Arioka Masaki , Yamada Shunsuke , Takahashi‐Yanaga Fumi , Tokumoto Masanori , Tsuruya Kazuhiko , Kitazono Takanari , Sasaguri Toshiyuki
Published: November 2016

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk for bone fractures compared with the general population. Repression of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway is associated with bone abnormalities. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)‐3β, a critical component of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway, increases bone volume through accumulation of β‐catenin. It remains unknown whether inhibition of GSK‐3β increases bone volume in CKD. The present in vivo study examined the effects of GSK‐3β inhibition on bone volume in CKD mice. Wild‐type mice were divided into three groups. One group was fed a control diet (CNT) and the other two groups were fed a diet containing 0.2% adenine and given water with or without lithium chloride (LiCl), a GSK‐3 inhibitor (CKD, CKD+LiCl, respectively). GSK‐3β heterozygous knockout mice were fed a diet containing 0.2% adenine (CKD‐GSK‐3β+/−). After 6 weeks, trabecular and cortical bone volumes of the femur were analyzed using microcomputed tomography. CKD mice developed azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperparathyroidism, followed by a decrease in cortical bone volume without any change in trabecular bone volume. Serum levels of urea nitrogen, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone were comparable among the three groups of CKD mice. Trabecular bone volume increased in CKD‐GSK‐3β+/− and CKD+LiCl mice compared with CNT and CKD mice. However, there were no significant differences in cortical bone volume among the three groups of CKD mice. The results suggest that inhibition of GSK‐3β increases trabecular bone volume but not cortical bone volume in adenine‐induced uremic mice with uncontrolled hyperparathyroidism.
Artificial Insemination of Carpathian Goats with Semen Preserved in Different Forms
Authors: Andreea Anghel , Nadolu Dorina , Claudiu Anghelescu , Cristinel Sonea
Published: November 2016

The artificial insemination (AI) technique is an essential tool in goat breeding programs, since it increases the efficiency of sire genetic evaluation and the extension of genetic improvements; at the same time, it enables control of parturition dates with a view to meeting market demands. The objective of this study was to determine the fecundity rate according to the mode of semen preservation before artificial insemination. The percentage of kidding was influenced by the duration of storage: 3 h = 88%; 14 h =821%.
Bioeconomic Significance to Diversify the Production in Romanian Agriculture District
Authors: Sandu Mariana , Moise Virgil
Published: November 2016

Agricultural diversification is an important mechanism for economic growth. With the globalization of markets, diversification of agriculture has as result the increasing crop productivity in terms of quality, quantity and monetary value.

The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of Romanian agriculture in terms of diversifying production. Based on the National Statistics Institute, it analyzes the dynamics of vegetable and animal sector in terms of cultivated areas, livestock, the total and average production obtained.

Romanian agriculture is at a disadvantage due to excessive fragmentation of ownership, low use of agricultural land through cultivation or weak endowment with agricultural machinery and lack of organization.

We conclude that agriculture as a whole, had not a positive development. Fluctuations in the main indicators of production are the consequences of the long transition period and of the incoherent policies on agriculture in general and to each sector, in particular.