bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy Optimization for Two-Tier Wireless Communication Networks: A Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm-Based Approach
Authors:   Higher Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Technology Espia, Libya, Sherif Ashraf
Published: January 2025

One of the most challenges for future wireless communication networks is energy consumption. Heterogeneous networks, which are built to handle the increasing need for high data traffic, are one of the most promising strategies to address these challenge in future cellular networks. Network coverage may be increased by adding more base stations, but this comes with a high power cost. In the two-tier network concept, small cells (SCs) work along with main cell stations (MCs) to provide wider coverage. Some SCs experience low traffic rates due to user equipment's (UEs) mobility, yet they still consume a considerable amount of energy. To save energy and increase energy efficiency (EE), some SCs must be turned off. This study extends the operation modes for BSs and introduces a bio-inspired mechanism to select the optimal operation mode for each SC. A bias factor is used to regulate power consumption, with SCs operating in one of four modes: On, Standby, Sleep, or Off. The EE maximization problem is defined under a set of limitations and a Variant Power Mode Selection (PSO-VPMS) based on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm is proposed in this study. The simulation findings show that the suggested algorithm scheme offers a high EE.
Keywords: two-tier network; energy efficiency (EE); bias factor; Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).
Funcionalidad familiar y frecuencia de depresión en adultos con obesidad
Authors: Carrizales Estrada Laura Alejandra , De León Aldaba Madtie , Haro Acosta María Elena , Carmona Mota Javier , Ayala Figueroa Rafael Iván , Cervantes Ramírez Diana Leticia
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de síntomas relacionados con depresión en pacientes adultos con obesidad así como su funcionalidad familiar. Métodos: Estudio transversal en pacientes con obesidad de 20 a 50 años que acudieron a consulta a la Unidad de Medicina Familiar (UMF) 16 de Mexicali, Baja California, México; durante febrero a julio del año 2023. Se incluyeron 222 participantes mediante un muestreo no probabilístico por cuotas. La UMF contaba con una población de 2221 pacientes con obesidad de 20 a 50 años. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, escolaridad, ocupación, depresión y funcionalidad familiar. Se aplicó el cuestionario PHQ-9 para detectar síntomas relacionados con depresión y el Apgar Familiar para conocer su funcionalidad familiar. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva mediante el programa estadístico SPSS v22. Resultados: 222 pacientes con obesidad. Predominaron: la edad media de 38.51 años, sexo femenino (79.3%), escolaridad secundaria y laboralmente activos. El 80.6% tuvieron síntomas relacionados con depresión, síntomas leves (56.8%), el sexo femenino 64.4% y el grupo de 40-50 años. En cuanto a la funcionalidad familiar el 47.3% presentó disfunción leve. Conclusiones: Más de la mitad de los participantes tuvieron sintomatología depresiva y disfuncionalidad familiar leve; en el primer nivel de atención se deberían buscar de manera intencional estos síntomas.
Déterminants du refinancement des Institutions de microfinance par la Banque Islamique du Sénégal pour le financement des Petites et Moyennes Entreprises
Authors:   Ecole Supérieure Multinationale des Télécommunications (ESMT)/Dakar -  Université Iba Der Thiam de Thiès (UIDT)/Thiès., SECK Massamba Souleymane , THIAM Ibrahima ,   Ecole Supérieure Multinationale des Télécommunications (ESMT)/Dakar -  Université Iba Der Thiam de Thiès (UIDT)/Thiès.
Published: January 2025

Résumé : Cet article analyse les déterminants du refinancement des institutions de microfinance par la Banque Islamique du Sénégal pour promouvoir le financement des Petites et Moyennes Entreprises. L’articulation entre ces intermédiaires financiers est mesurée par les montants de refinancement reçus par les IMF auprès de la BIS pour répondre aux besoins de financement des PME. La méthode des moments généralisés (GMM) en système est utilisée sur un panel de 100 IMF sur la période 2009-2017 à cette fin. Les résultats des estimations confirment la plupart des prédictions théoriques, notamment le rôle positif du refinancement par la BIS, des IMF dans le financement des PME. Toutefois, la variable « type de financement » donne un résultat contraire à celui attendu, montrant ainsi les difficultés de compatibilité des activités et opérations des IMF avec les principes de la finance islamique.

Mots-clés : Articulation Banques - Institutions de microfinance (IMF) – Financement PME – Finance islamique – Banque Islamique du Sénégal (BIS).

Determinants of the refinancing of Microfinance Institutions by the Islamic Bank of Senegal for the financing of Small and Medium Enterprises

Abstract: This article analyzes the determinants of the refinancing of microfinance institutions by the Islamic Bank of Senegal to promote the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises. The articulation between these financial intermediaries is measured by the refinancing amounts received by MFIs from the BIS to meet the financing needs of SMEs. The system generalized method of moments (GMM) is used on a panel of 100 MFIs over the period 2009-2017 for this purpose. The results of the estimations confirm most of the theoretical predictions, in particular the positive role of the refinancing by the BIS of MFIs in the financing of SMEs. However, the "type of financing" variable gives a result contrary to that expected, thus showing the difficulties of compatibility of the activities and operations of MFIs with the principles of Islamic finance.

Keywords: Articulation Banks - Microfinance institutions (IMF) - SME financing - Islamic finance - Islamic Bank of Senegal (BIS).
J.E.L classification : G21 - G14 - O17
Le rôle des coûts de transport et des coûts de transaction dans le fonctionnement des marchés céréaliers au Burkina Faso
Authors:   Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Économiques et de Gestion, Université Aube Nouvelle, Ouagadougou., SIRPE Gnanderman
Published: January 2025

Résumé : Ce travail s’est proposé d’analyser l’influence du système de transport routier sur la distribution des céréales au Burkina Faso en utilisant un modèle stochastique d’équilibre spatial multipériode. Un accent particulier a été mis sur l’adaptation de l’équilibre standard microéconomique à la situation spécifique du commerce céréalier dans l’espace burkinabé. Qu’avons-nous appris ? Premièrement que les attentes quant aux effets de la réduction des coûts de transport sur la réduction des prix ne se sont pas réalisées. En effet, une diminution importante des coûts de transports n’a qu’un faible effet sur la réduction des prix des céréales. Deuxièmement, nous avons montré que la construction d’une route entre deux villes peut avoir des effets négatifs inattendus sur la position concurrentielle des paysans et commerçants des régions non traversées. Cet aspect est souvent négligé dans les approches traditionnelles. Finalement, nous avons conclu que si les coûts de transport et les coûts de transaction sont réduits simultanément, alors consommateurs et paysans peuvent avoir des gains significatifs.

Mots clés : Coûts de transport, Coûts de transaction, Commercialisation, Marchés céréaliers, Burkina Faso.

The role of transport costs and transaction costs on the functioning of grain markets in Burkina Faso

Abstract: This work aims to analyze the influence of the road transport system on the distribution of cereals in Burkina Faso using a stochastic model of multiperiod spatial equilibrium. Particular emphasis has been placed on adapting the microeconomic standard equilibrium to the specific situation of cereal trade in Burkina Faso. What have we learned ? Firstly, the effects of even a huge reduction of transport costs are limited. Secondly, an element which is often neglected is that constructing a road between two cities may have unintended negative consequences on the competitive of farmers and traders in other region. Finally, it is concluded that only if transaction costs and transport costs are reduced simultaneously, both consumers and farmers will benefit significantly

Key words: Transport cost, transaction costs, marketing, grain market, Burkina Faso.

J.E.L. Classification: L11 - O18 - R41.
Effets non linéaires des déficits budgétaires et investissements publics dans les pays de l’UEMOA
Authors:   IUT de Gestion/Faculté des sciences Economiques et de Gestion, Université de Lomé, NAPO Fousséni
Published: January 2025

Résumé : Cet article a pour but d’établir une relation entre le solde budgétaire et l’investissement public au sein de la zone UEMOA sur la période 1996-2019. À l’issue des estimations du modèle asymétrique à retard échelonné en panel et du modèle de panel dynamique à effet de seuil et à correction d’erreur, il apparait que le niveau du déficit public optimal dans la zone UEMOA est de - 2,785% du PIB. En outre, ces résultats montrent que sur l’intervalle [- 4,57 ; + 0,18] en % PIB, le solde budgétaire constitue un levier à l’accumulation du capital public au sein de l’UEMOA. En termes de politique économique, une économie de la zone en besoin de financement de ses dépenses structurelles peut procéder à un déficit budgétaire jusqu’à la valeur plancher de - 4,57% du PIB contrairement au -3 % comme critère de convergence de l’UEMOA.

Mots-clés : Déficit budgétaire - Investissement public - Critère de convergence - Relation non linéaire - UEMOA

Non-linear effects of budget deficits and public investments in WAEMU countries

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to establish a relationship between the budget balance and public investment in the WAEMU zone over the period 1996-2019. Based on the estimates of the asymmetric staggered lag panel model and the dynamic panel model with threshold effect and error correction, it appears that the optimal level of public deficit in the WAEMU zone is - 2.785% of GDP. Moreover, these results show that over the interval [- 4.57; + 0.18] in % GDP, the budget balance is a lever for public capital accumulation in the WAEMU. In terms of economic policy, an economy in the zone that needs to finance its structural expenditure can run a budget deficit up to the minimum value of - 4.57% of GDP, as opposed to the -3% that is the WAEMU convergence criterion.

Keywords: Budget deficit - Public investment - Convergence criterion - Non-linear relationship - WAEMU.

JEL classification: H54 - H62 - E62 - O55.
Investissement public agricole et production agricole dans les pays de l’UEMOA
Authors:   Laboratoire d’Analyse et de Recherche sur les Dynamiques Economiques et Sociales (LARDES), ALLA HOUESSOU Karl , HOUGNI Alexis ,   Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin (INRAB), YABI Jacob Affouda ,   Laboratoire d’Analyse et de Recherche sur les Dynamiques Economiques et Sociales (LARDES) - Ecole Doctorale des Sciences Agronomiques et de l’Eau, Université de Parakou
Published: January 2025

Résumé: Dans le but de déceler l’influence des investissements publics en milieu rural sur la production agricole, nous avons estimé un modèle de panel sur les pays de l’Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA). Les données utilisées ont été tirées de la base de données de la FAO (FAOSTAT). Les résultats des estimations montrent que les dépenses de Recherche et Développement (R&D) et l’indice de performance logistique des infrastructures routières n’influencent pas significativement la valeur ajoutée agricole. L’accès à l’électricité ainsi que les dépenses d’éducation au secondaire agissent significativement et positivement sur la production agricole. Les dépenses en R&D n’influencent la production que lorsque ses résultats effectivement exploitables sont transmis aux producteurs par le biais du conseil agricole. Investir davantage dans l’éducation de base, faciliterait l’accès des producteurs à la connaissance technique dont l’application permet d’accroître la valeur ajoutée agricole.

Mots-clés : Investissement public - Production agricole - Infrastructures - Education.

Agricultural public investment and agricultural production in WAEMU countries

Abstract: In order to detect the influence of public investments in rural areas on agricultural production, we estimated a panel model on the countries of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU). The data used were taken from the FAO database (FAOSTAT). The results of the estimates show that Research and Development (R&D) expenditure and the logistics performance index of road infrastructure do not significantly influence the agricultural value added. Access to electricity as well as secondary education expenses have a significant and positive effect on agricultural production. R&D expenditure only influences production when its actually exploitable results are transmitted to producers through agricultural advice. Investing more in basic education would facilitate producers' access to technical knowledge, the application of which can increase agricultural added value.

Keywords: Public investment - Agricultural production - Infrastructure – Education.

JEL Classification: Q14 - Q16 - O18 - R53 - H52.
Déficit budgétaire versus Inflation dans une Union monétaire hétérogène : Cas de l’UEMOA
Authors:   Faculté des Sciences Economiques et de Gestion - Université de Parakou., GBAGUIDI Tanguy A.
Published: January 2025

Résumé : Ce papier analyse les problèmes liés au financement du déficit budgétaire et ses effets sur l’inflation dans les pays de l’Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA). Les estimations économétriques s’appuient sur un Modèle à Correction d’Erreur (MCE) à la Hendry sur la période de 1980-2017. Les résultats obtenus montrent qu’il y a globalement une tendance à la convergence des dépenses budgétaires, des recettes budgétaires et des soldes budgétaires. L’évaluation des effets des différents indicateurs de sigma convergence sur les différentiels d’inflation révèle que les chocs sur le taux d’inflation dans l’UEMOA se corrigent à 66% par l’effet de feedback.

Mots clés : Déficit budgétaire, financement, Union monétaire hétérogène, convergence budgétaire, inflation.

Budget Deficit versus Inflation in a Heterogeneous Monetary Union: Case of WAEMU

Abstract: This paper addresses the problems related to the financing of the budget deficit and its effects on inflation in the countries of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU). The econometric estimates are based on a Hendry-style Error Correction Model (ECM) over the period 1980-2017. The results show that there is a general trend towards convergence of budget expenditures, budget revenues and budget balances. Evaluating the effects of the different convergence sigma indicators on inflation differentials reveals that the WAEMU inflation rate shocks are corrected at 66% by the “feed-back” effect.

Keywords: Budget deficit Financing - Heterogeneous monetary union - Fiscal convergence.

JEL Classification : E31 - E52 – E62 - E64 - F34
Novedades en materia de incapacidad temporal
Authors: López Insua Belén del Mar
Published: January 2025

La prestación por incapacidad temporal viene sufriendo, desde sus orígenes, constantes modificaciones y modulaciones tanto en su estructura como en su funcionamiento y mecánica. Actualmente, la incapacidad temporal se erige en una de las prestaciones más problemáticas y caóticas de todo el sistema de la Seguridad Social. Durante los años 2022 y 2023 se han publicado varias reformas legislativas que han modificado cualitativamente la tendencia restrictiva que venía sufriendo la incapacidad temporal. De forma que no se pretende ahora limitar tanto el derecho a la prestación temporal, sino más bien ampliar el abanico de causas, al tiempo que se modernizan los engorrosos trámites burocráticos que ya venían sufriendo los trabajadores afectados y se le concede un perfil de género. En este trabajo se analizará críticamente cada una de estas reformas, así como sus efectos prácticos.
Legge di principi fondamentali e norme generali per il governo del territorio e la pianificazione. Articolato
Authors: Talia Michele , Barbieri Carlo Alberto , Arcidiacono Andrea , Gabellini Patrizia , Galuzzi Paolo , Giaimo Carolina , Lingua Valeria , Moccia Francesco Domenico , Ombuen Simone , Stanghellini Stefano , Bartolini Antonio , Boscolo Emanuele , Gualandi Federico , Lorusso Enrico , Martino Giovanni , Pellicani Fabio , Perticarari Renato , Torricelli Andrea , Urbani Paolo
Published: January 2025

La proposta di legge avanzata dal Gruppo di lavoro dell’Inu intitolata "Legge di principi fondamentali e norme generali per il governo del territorio e la pianificazione", stabilisce principi fondamentali nella materia del Governo del territorio, nel rispetto della Costituzione e delle norme internazionali ed europee. Essa disciplina i livelli essenziali delle prestazioni dei sistemi delle infrastrutture e delle attrezzature urbane, garantendo diritti civili e sociali su tutto il territorio nazionale. La legge promuove un coordinamento tra le attività che incidono sul territorio, definendo compiti e funzioni degli enti territoriali. Tra i principi fondamentali vi sono la pianificazione integrale, la sostenibilità, l’inclusività dei sistemi urbani e la rigenerazione urbana. Il Governo del territorio si articola in un insieme di attribuzioni e competenze, perseguendo obiettivi di sviluppo sostenibile, contrasto al consumo di suolo e recupero delle risorse naturali. La proposta sottolinea l’importanza di processi decisionali multilivello e della partecipazione dei portatori di interessi, garantendo così una governance responsabile e collaborativa.
Spiagge
Authors: Salmeri Andrea
Published: January 2025

In Italia ci sono 5.800 spiagge distribuite su circa 3.400 km. Le spiagge naturali differiscono per substrato, pendenza e dimensioni, e sono caratterizzate da un equilibrio fragile. La formazione delle spiagge è un processo lento, compromesso dagli interventi umani che riducono le sabbie e eliminano le dune. L'urbanizzazione e l'erosione costiera causano la perdita di biodiversità e aree protette. La gestione integrata delle zone costiere è essenziale per la sostenibilità. Il ripascimento è una pratica comune ma temporanea. È necessario un processo di pianificazione virtuoso per salvaguardare le spiagge.
Exploration and Practical Research on the “Co-resonance” Mode of Ideological and Political Education in Universities Guided by Convergence Media
Authors: Zhou Wen
Published: January 2025

The convergence media provides a realistic research framework for exploring and practicing the ideological and political education of colleges and universities. The popularization of WeChat and other Internet platforms has overturned the ideological and political education mode of colleges and universities, constantly highlighting the era features in terms of dissemination channels, academic trends, and historical materials collection. The exploration and practice of the ideological and political education mode for college students in the new era relies on the advantages of the Internet, and combines classroom practice with theoretical teaching to extend the “fragmented” Internet information into actual needs of classroom teaching, thereby enabling it to be transformed into theoretical research. Therefore, it is a crucial ideological and political education reform topic for ideological and political educators in colleges to explore and practice the “co-resonance” mode and expand the path choices for cultivating the quality of college students in the new era.
Developing E-Learning Materials for a Blended Learning Environment: A Case Study
Authors: Lutfiani Firda , Sakdiya Halimatus , Safitri Aisah Maharani Adinda
Published: January 2025

Using a case study approach, this research investigates how e-learning can be a strategic solution to increase the flexibility and effectiveness of learning in the digital era, especially in blended learning environments, which combine online and face-to-face learning methods. The purpose of this research is to create flexible and interactive e-learning materials that can be used for blended learning. This research shows that well-designed or created e-learning materials can increase student participation, material comprehension, and learning independence. In addition, this research also found the main challenges in applying e-learning to blended learning, such as technology readiness, teacher support, and student participation. The results of this research are expected to provide practical guidance for educators and students.
The Impact of Digital Literacy Skills and ICT Self Efficacy on Academic and Functional Skills at Secondary Islamic School District Kotaddu South Pakistan
Authors:   International Islamic University, Malaysia., Majeed Muhammad Kashif , Ahmad TunkuBadariah Binti Tunku ,   International Islamic University, Malaysia.
Published: January 2025

Amid present day’s fast technological development, the incorporation of information technology in teaching and learning can no longer be overlooked. However, the results found that despite the improved digital literacy skills and self-efficacy about ICT among the students of Kot Addu which was the DBGb/rDBG rural and semi-urban students there was have lack of research work that investigates the ways to strengthened the students’ learning outcomes through digital literacy and ICT self-efficacy. The effects of digital literacy and ICT self-efficacy on academic and functional skills of students of secondary Islamic schools in District Kot Addu, South Pakistan. In this quantitative study, the author assesses the participants’ levels of digital literacy, ICT self-efficacy, and functional skills using structured questionnaires on 300 students enrolled in 5 different secondary Islamic schools in the region. The quantitative data was collected using an Administration Questionnaire. The collected data was processed by calculating the percentage distribution of the demographics of the respondents. Cronbach Alpha score and the experts’ opinion was then utilized to establish the validity and reliability of the questionnaire during the pilot test conducted in Kot Addu district. Descriptive and inferential techniques were applied on the data collected from the participants to examine the correlation between the independent measures; digital literacy and ICT self-efficacy to the dependent measures; the academic performance and the functional skills. The findings also show a similar significant positive relationship between the following variables: digital literacy and students’ functional skills, ICT self-efficacy, and academic performance.
The Application of the Technology Acceptance Model and the Theory of Planned Behaviour in the Context of Green Banking
Authors:   Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Natalwala Anam .S. , Habibullah Munira ,   Veer Narmad South Gujarat University
Published: January 2025

The implementation of green banking techniques in the banking sector is anticipated to yield advantages including minimised resource utilisation, lower operational expenses, and improved efficiency, while also fostering a smaller environmental impact. Green banking practices have environmental and financial benefits for the banking sector, but these benefits will only materialise if consumers adopt them. This research adopts the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) developed by Davis (1989) and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) proposed by Ajzen (1991) to examine the interplay of External Variables, Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), Perceived Usefulness (PU), and Perceived Behavioural Control (PBC). The external variables used are Time Availability, Convenience, and Social Norms. The SEM is applied to assess the significance of factors influencing perceived behavioural control about Green Banking. Online questionnaires were used to collect responses from 250 customers’ for the aim of this study. Results show that external variables, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness significantly influences the perceived behavioural control
Causes and prevention of endodontic file fractures: a review of the literature
Authors:   Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkiye, Damla Erkal , Kürşat Er ,   Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkiye
Published: January 2025

Endodontic file fracture has traditionally been viewed as an undesirable event. However, recent evidence suggests that the incidence of fracture may be higher with rotary nickel-titanium (NiTi) files. Therefore, it is crucial for clinicians to be aware of the prevalence of file fracture and the underlying causes of this unfortunate occurrence. The removal of fractured files is technically challenging and time-consuming, making it essential to implement measures to prevent fracture whenever possible. Over the past decade, file manufacturers have introduced various modifications such as mechanical and heat processes to NiTi alloys to reduce the likelihood of file separation, though with varying degrees of success. The aim of this review is to explore the prevalence and causes of file fracture, and to assess the efficacy of the recommended prevention protocols. Furthermore, the review evaluates the effectiveness of alloy modifications in reducing the incidence of file fracture. The analysis reveals that much of the literature on file fracture is based on in vitro studies, which limits its clinical relevance. The reported incidence of NiTi file fracture is similar to that of stainless steel (SS) files; however, inconsistent methodologies make accurate comparison difficult. NiTi files are reported to fail primarily due to torsional overload and/or flexural fatigue, with fractures occurring most often in the apical third of the canal or due to improper use. Finally, factors such as operator skill, manufacturer modifications, and limiting file reuse have been shown to significantly reduce the incidence of fracture, highlighting the importance of a robust prevention strategy.
Keywords: Root canal treatment, file fracture, endodontics, nickel-titanium, review.
Procesos de transformación territorial que han propiciado la expansión urbana de la ciudad de Apizaco, Tlaxcala en el período 2000-2023
Authors:   , Cerón Candia María Guadalupe
Published: January 2025

A nivel mundial hay una expansión urbana que ha modificado el espacio, generando desigualdades socioeconómicas. En el caso de la ciudad de Apizaco, Tlaxcala, se ha experimentado una transformación durante las últimas dos décadas. La presente investigación analiza el proceso de expansión urbana entre los años 2000 y 2023, teniendo tres ejes, el primero la población, el segundo las actividades económicas y los impactos sociales. La metodología del estudio es de enfoque mixto, donde se combinó los datos cuantitativos y cualitativos, teniendo en cuenta fuentes primarias y secundarias. Las teorías utilizadas fueron: la Teoría del Desarrollo Geográfico Desigual, la Teoría Espacio-Sectorial del Desarrollo Económico y el Desarrollo Territorial. Los resultados sugieren cambios en la distribución socioespacial, la relocalización de la población y las transformaciones económicas. En las conclusiones se plantea la necesidad de generar políticas equitativas de planificación territorial participativa.
CHINA'S ETHNIC MINORITY POLICIES IN TIBET AND IMPLICATIONS TO INDIA
Authors: Kondapalli Srikanth
Published: January 2025

China’s ethnic minority postures mainly exhibited national integration or assimilationist policies in the past seven decades. However, while many of these policies were inherited from the then Soviet Union with modifications to the Chinese reality, there is a subtle change in recent times. Specifically, since Xi Jinping took over as China’s leader since 2012, the larger China Dream and China Rejuvenation projects have overshadowed ethnic minority policies including on Tibet, Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia. On August 29, 2020 for instance, the China’s apex Tibet Forum Meeting decided to further «sinicize» Tibet and Buddhism into China’s fold. It is argued here that China is in the process of revising its national ethnic minority policies inherited from the Soviet Union and attempting at centralisation to bring the ethnic minority regions under the effective control of the party-state ideology. As a result, ethnic minorities in China, specifically Tibetans, Uighurs and Mongols have expressed dissent over the loss of autonomy. These are impacting on the neighbouring countries in Central Asia and South Asia, including on India. This has implications for the trans-Himalayan region’s stability, migration patterns, territorial dispute and environmental (specifically water) issues for India and others. The purpose of this article is to analyze the changes in China's policy towards ethnic minorities over the past seventy years, with a particular focus on the impact of political projects such as the «Chinese Dream» and «China Rejuvenation» on the situation of ethnic minorities, including Tibetans, Uyghurs and Mongols. The main focus is on the consequences of these changes for regional stability and interstate relations. The study relies on documentary sources: examining historical archives, official documents and statements of the Chinese government to identify changes in policy towards ethnic minorities. It concludes that the «Chinese Dream» and «China Rejuvenation» projects have come to dominate state policy and have created pressure on ethnic groups seeking to preserve their identity and autonomy.
THE IMPACT 0F ECONOMIC CHANGES IN CHINA ON CULTURE AFTER THE POLICY OF "OPENNESS AND REFORM"
Authors: Iskakova Zuhra
Published: January 2025

The article analyzes in detail and explains by examples the trends in the development and culture of the Chinese economy after the policy of "openness and reform", the impact of economic reforms on cultural ties, changes in the directions and spheres of cultural development. The main purpose of studying the topic was to consider the impact of China's changing economy and the implementation of economic reforms on cultural development. The main task of studying the topic is to identify the transformational processes in the cultural sphere of China and its relationship with the economic system after the policy of "openness and reform". This is due to the fact that after this policy of "openness and reforms" a number of changes were implemented, such as the withdrawal and development of equipment from all neighboring and Western countries, the involvement of specialists who can teach its technology, obtaining knowledge from specialists in the field of transport system, market, culture. As part of this policy, China has fully entered the world community and, having formed its own path of development, has closely linked it with the development of the world. China has made a significant contribution to the development of the global market and the course of world history. The main novelty of the research lies in the fact that the article examines in detail the relationship between cultural and economic transformation processes, fully explores the achievements and shortcomings, linking the changes in Chinese culture with economic reforms that have a deep history and a complex path of modernization, as well as the global appearance of modernization and a profound change in the corresponding world order that has developed in the modern era.
JAPANESE EXPERIENCE IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: THE HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Moshkal Madina
Published: January 2025

The need to enhance efficiency in waste management is one of the biggest issues affecting modernizing societies trying to develop economic growth. Globalization has prompted more countries to aim for increased economic development. However, pursuing advanced economic development comes with its own set of challenges. The unsustainable utilization of limited natural resources and the increasing waste issue are both sources of concern. Containers and packaging, food waste, home electric appliances, and construction materials comprise a portion of Japan's household waste. Consequently, the country needs to develop an effective waste management system. The goal of the research is to examine the historical experience of the development of a sustainable waste management system in Japan, with a focus on the integration of economic, social, and environmental factors within the context of sustainable development. The tasks of the study include the examination of the impact of legal and regulatory changes, the analysis of Japan's waste management evolution across various historical eras, and the evaluation of the efficacy of current waste management initiatives, such as the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). The research employs a historical and regulatory analysis methodology, using both primary and secondary data to trace the development of waste management policies and practices. The comprehensive approach of the study, which classifies Japan's waste management evolution into eras and identifies the primary drivers of change in policy and technology, contributes to its novelty. The results show a significant shift from basic hygiene-focused waste management to a sophisticated system that seamlessly integrates into economic and production processes. The current emphasis is on proactive environmental management and resource recovery.
THE ECONOMY OF ARAB COUNTRIES BEFORE AND AFTER THE «ARAB SPRING»
Authors: Baidarov Erkin , Amirbekova Sagynysh
Published: January 2025

This article aims to study, analyze and assess the nature of economic growth in the Arab countries in the period 1990-2023, in order to determine the aspects of economic and social sustainability. Considering that the early 1990s were characterized by the participation of the Arab countries in the decisions of the Washington Consensus of 1989, based on the development of public policy based on the market economy and the developing role of the private sector in the national economy, as well as in stimulating economic growth, such analysis is of particular interest. The main objective of this article is to analyze and assess the quantity, quality and stability of economic growth, as well as trends in the dynamics of labor productivity, production and industry in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, including the Persian Gulf states. The novelty of the study lies in the wide coverage of the analysis of economic indicators compared to other countries. The study is also aimed at analyzing the impact of internal and external factors on labor productivity. The objectives of the study include analyzing the dynamics of productivity, identifying the key factors influencing the decline and increase in growth rates. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using the research results for further research of strategies for improving the efficiency of the economic sector in the Arab countries. Taking into account the differences in the economic sector in the MENA countries, the study relied on an analytical approach supported by descriptive and comparative methods. The main attention is paid to economic and statistical data on the Arab countries and their comparative analysis for the period 1990-2023. The research methodology is based on the collection and analysis of statistical data on GDP, labor productivity and economic indicators in the Arab countries. In addition to using comparative analysis methods, as well as statistical tools for assessing productivity changes in recent years, the main objective of the study was both to identify the factors that influence the decline in productivity growth and to find ways to improve the efficiency of the industrial sector. The comparative method used in the article made it possible to give an objective assessment of the current state of the Arab economy in the global context. The main results show that the rate of productivity growth in the Arab countries is significantly lower than in other regions of the world, especially after the Arab Spring. The analysis revealed key factors influencing both internal economic difficulties and external influences.
MEANING TRANSFORMATION OF KAZAKH AND TURKISH IDIOMS WITH CLOTHES COMPONENTS
Authors: Akhmetbekova Akbota , Montanay Elmira
Published: January 2025

Idioms are linguistic expressions with figurative or metaphorical meanings that differ from the lexical meanings of individual words. They are an important part of the cultural and linguistic heritage that reflects each nation’s mentality, customs, and traditions. Idioms can be based on various aspects of life, one of which is clothing. The aim of this research is to analyze the similarities and differences in clothing-related idioms in Kazakh and Turkish languages, as inheritors of ancient Turkic culture. The scientific relevance of the study lies in identifying the cultural and linguistic commonalities of these two nations and illustrating the distinctive aspects of their development. The novelty of this work is that, for the first time, it presents a comprehensive comparative study of the historical and linguistic transformations of clothing terms and idioms in both languages. The primary directions of the study focus on examining the lexical and semantic differences in clothing concepts and idioms. This article holds practical value for Turkology, linguistics, and cultural studies. The research methodology is based on comparative-historical and semantic analysis. During the research, the influence of cultural factors on the origin and development of clothing terms and idioms was examined. The results indicate that, due to geographic, climatic, and historical-political factors, clothing idioms in the Turkish language have acquired new meanings, while in Kazakh many ancient idioms have retained their original meanings. The conclusion demonstrates that changes in clothing concepts influence the evolution of their figurative meanings.
INFORMATION ABOUT SOME HISTORICAL FIGURES IN THE "CHAGATAI KHAN" SECTION OF THE BOOK "TAUARIH-I GUZIDA-Y NUSROT NAME"
Authors: Zhirenov Askar , Oshan Zhanymkhan
Published: January 2025

In recent years, the study of the Chagatai ulus has been actively developing in the country. One of the methods used is the analysis of historical problems in combination with linguistic research within the framework of the source study of historical works. The treatise "Tauarihi guzide-i Nusrat name", written in the Chagatai language, also known as the Eastern Turkic or medieval literary Turkic language, has become an important object of study. It was spread among various Turkic peoples inhabiting Central Asia. A review of historical works of the Middle Ages written in Persian-Turkic and their source study will enrich the content of previous scientific achievements and allow us to draw conclusions on topical issues, expanding the topic with significant details. The purpose and tasks of the research. "Conducting a source analysis of data concerning specific historical figures mentioned in the Chagatai Khan section of the book 'Tauarikhi guzide-i Nusratname,' preserved in historical works written in the Middle Ages in Persian, Turkic, and other languages." Results. "The article addresses the challenge of uncovering the personalities of historical figures through the application of textual, source, hermeneutic, and comparative studies." Conclusion. In conclusion, it can be seen the scientific significance of the article will be increased by making a conclusion about the influence of the Turkish language in the Persian versions and vice versa, the Turkish language in the Persian versions through the linguistic and cultural studies conducted on the written heritage.
FROM THE HISTORY OF THE GOLDEN HORDE BASED ON THE DATA OF "TAWARIHI GUZIDAYI NUSRAT-NAME"
Authors: Margulan Aida , Zhumabayeva Aigerm
Published: January 2025

Introduction. The article provides translation and analysis of the fragment of manuscript No. 3222 "Tavarikhi guzidayi nusrat-name", stored in the collections of the British Museum in Great Britain. The manuscript contains valuable data on the origin, life and work of such key historical figures as Oghuz Khan and Genghis Khan. At the same time, the source includes information on the history of the formation of the Turkic and Mongol tribes, which subsequently formed the Mongolian nation. The goal and objectives are to translate and comprehensively analyze the previously unpublished part of the studied London copy, analysis and comparison with the data of the historical monument "Jami at-tavarikh". The methods of the study are translation and source analysis of the manuscript "Tavarikhi guzidayi nusrat-name" by an unknown author and a comparative analysis with the manuscript "Jami at-tavarikh" by Rashid ad-Din. Research Results. The chronicle has an absolute value, thanks to it, it became possible to learn the origin of Oguz Khan from Noah, and the tribes that supported his faith in the Almighty were the Uighurs, Karluks, Kipchaks, Kalachi. Since Oguz Khan lived long before Genghis Khan, he could not influence the course of events in the Golden Horde. Active actors in the history of the All-Mongolian state were the Mongol tribes of Merkits, Taijiuts, Saljiut, Bayaut and others. Conclusions. In the process of studying the history of the Golden Horde according to the chronicle, it became possible to understand the significance of Oguz Khan and Genghis Khan in the process of forming the Nirun Mongols (truly Mongol tribes) and Darlekin Mongols (Turkic tribes). Which became a key moment in the formation of modern Mongolian and Kazakh identity.
THE PROBLEM OF “IDENTITY» AND «ALIANATION» IN CULTURAL ANTROPOLOGY
Authors: Oshakbayeva Aliya , Shaimerdinova Nurila
Published: January 2025

The article is an analysis and research of the problem of “identity and alianation” in the context of cultural anthropology. The novelty of the article is the analysis of the opposition “own-others” through the prism of comparison and contrast of Kazakh and Japanese cultures. The objective of this study is to consider this issue as an important aspect of the study of socio-cultural relationships, identity and interaction between different groups of society in the flow of world historical processes. The purpose of this study is to conduct an in-depth review of ethnic, territorial, social, religious and cultural aspects of the formation of perceptions of “ their own” and “strangers” of Kazakh and Japanese peoples. In this article general scientific methods such as cultural-anthropological, historical-comparative method, also structural analysis were used. The results presented in this article emphasize the need for a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between “their own” and “outsiders” in different cultural settings. This understanding will help promote the acceptance of diverse sociocultural integration, contribute to the development of a more inclusive and tolerant society, and improve our understanding of how to effectively manage relationships between different groups.
THE FEATURES OF THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPING CULTURAL POLICY AND ITS DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN SOUTH KOREA
Authors: Khamitova Nazerke , Belyalova Aigerim
Published: January 2025

This article discusses the closed door policy of korean culture and its transition to an open door policy, as well as the impact of various reforms on culture. Highlighted the role of the state in the emergence and expansion of cultural policy. In the course of the work, a comparative historical method of analyzing cultural policy was used. It was found that the neoliberal approach of the government led to the creation of a cultural policy that has a powerful impact on the economy. The main purpose of the article is to substantiate the peculiarities of the development of cultural policy on the example of South Korea. The research methods in the work were the study of literature in the field under study and the analysis of materials on cultural policy, as well as the development of cultural and creative industries in South Korea. This article substantiates the role of the government in cultural policy, and the role of cultural policy for the state as an economic factor. Discussed the internal logic of the development of cultural policy and the South Korean way of development after Japanese colonialism. The article asserts the importance of state intervention in cultural policy, which has created an effective guarantee system. Despite significant works on the cultural policy of South Korea, there are few works in a comparative historical approach in Kazakhstan. Therefore, the theoretical and practical significance of the article is that the work can be useful for representatives of the scientific community who are interested in the cultural policy of South Korea.
THE STABILITY OF IRANIAN AND CENTRAL ASIAN CIVILIZATION AND IDENTITY DURING THE REIGN OF THE MONGOLS
Authors: Batyrhan Bolatbek , Chokatova Aliya , Amirbekova Sagynysh
Published: January 2025

The cultural life of Iran experienced a decline due to the Mongol invasion in the early stages of the dynasty, then with the establishment of the Ilkhan government in Iran, a period of partial revival of Iranian-Islamic thought and culture began. After all, the Arab invasion of Iran, the collapse of the Sassanids and the rise of Islam weakened the foundations of the political and religious unity of Iranian existence and weakened its integrity. The Islamic government replaced the ethnic and national government of Iran, and the world religion of Islam replaced the Zoroastrian religion of Iran for three centuries. Iranshahr or the Iranian kingdom also collapsed. For several centuries, the political unity of the country of Iran, that is, before the rule of the Ilkhans, and especially before the emergence of the power of the Safavid dynasty, was weakened. The purpose of this article is to consider the rulers of the Ilkhanate as saviors of the Iranian people from the influence of foreign culture and reformers of Iranian national identity. The Ilkhanids used three discursive strategies: Mongol, Iranian and Islamic to legitimize their rule in Iran. In this context, the Ilkhanids played an important role in preserving and modernizing Iran’s intellectual and cultural heritage. For this reason, the Ilkhanate period is considered one of the fundamental aspects of Iranian civilization, which brought about great changes in Iran’s cultural policy. The article uses factorial and textual analysis methods to identify the main elements in the formation of such unique discourses. The results presented in the article allowed the researchers to conclude that for the first time, the Ilkhanid era provided a suitable platform and context for the display of various aspects of Iranian identity. Thus, although the later stages of the Mongol invasion in history were a kind of retreat for Iranian culture and civilization, in reality, under the influence of another language and culture, to consider Iran as having rediscovered itself and become the basis for the reshaping of its forgotten national identity, personalities, languages ​​and cultures is the main idea of the article.
THE FORMATION OF NATIONAL POLITICS IN CHINA
Authors: Zhomart Ertai , Turlygozhayeva Altyngul
Published: January 2025

This article analyzes the concepts of national and state interests from the perspective of international relations and each country's own position. Special attention is paid to the formation of national policy in China, the implementation of national policy and its impact on national minorities are described. The purpose of the work is to analyze the reasons for the formation and implementation of national policy in China, and analyze their policies from the perspective of national and state interests.