bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Upgrade of the T2K ND280 Detector
Authors: Lux Thorsten
Published: December 2022

The Tokai to Kamiokande (T2K) experiment is a long-baseline neutrino experiment taking data since 2010. The neutrino beam is detected on two sites, the near detector complex close to the neutrino production point, and Super-Kamiokande in a distance of 300 km. The ND280 detector is one of the near detectors and has the purpose to characterize the beam before oscillation as also the measurement of interaction cross sections. Both is crucial to reduce the systematic uncertainties. To improve the latter further, the T2K collaboration decided in 2016 an upgrade of ND280 which includes the installation of a novel scintillator tracker, two time projection chambers and a time of flight system. This upgrade, in combination of an increase of the neutrino beam power from currently 500 kW to 1.3 MW, will roughly increase the statistics by a factor 4 and reduce the systematic uncertainties from 6% to 4%. The new subdetectors are currently being assembled and will be installed in 2022. The upgraded ND280 will also serve as near detector of the next generation long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment Hyper-Kamiokande.
Development of a detector for inertial sensing of positronium at AEḡIS (CERN)
Authors: Glöggler L. T. , Caravita R. , Bergmann B. , Bonomi G. , Brusa R. S. , Burian P. , Camper A. , Castelli F. , Cheinet P. , Comparat D. , Consolati G. , Doser M. , Gjersdal H. , Graczykowski Ł. , Guatieri F. , Haider S. , Huck S. , Janik M. , Kasprowicz G. , Khatri G. , Kornakov G. , Malbrunot C. , Mariazzi S. , Nebbia G. , Nowak L. , Nowicka D. , Oswald E. , Pagano D. , Penasa L. , Pospisil S. , Povolo L. , Prelz F. , Rienäcker B. , Røhne O. M. , Sandaker H. , Stekl I. , Tefelski D. , Tietje I. C. , Volponi M. , Wolz T. , Zimmer C. , Zurlo N.
Published: December 2022

The primary goal of the AEgIS collaboration at CERN is to measure the gravitational acceleration on neutral antimatter. Positronium (Ps), the bound state of an electron and a positron, is a suitable candidate for a force-sensitive inertial measurement by means of deflectometry/interferometry. In order to conduct such an experiment, the impact position and time of arrival of Ps atoms at the detector must be detected simultaneously. The detection of a low-velocity Ps beam with a spatial resolution of (88 ± 5) μm was previously demonstrated [1]. Based on the methodology employed in [1] and [2], a hybrid imaging/timing detector with increased spatial resolution of about 10 μm was developed. The performance of a prototype was tested with a positron beam. The concept of the detector and first results are presented.
Potential of modular J-PET for applications in the field of particle and medical physics
Authors: Sharma S. , Kacprzak K. , Dulski K. , Niedźwiecki S. , Moskal P.
Published: December 2022

Modular J-PET is the new prototype of the Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomograph. The portability feature due to its modular design makes it a unique tomograph with a larger axial field of view of 50 cm. The complete ring is composed of 24 modules that can be configured as a diagnostic chamber with a diameter of approximately 76 cm or as a detection setup consisting of several modules for experimental studies where multiple photons are generated in a single event. The J-PET collaboration explicitly studies the decays of the positronium atom (Ps), which is a bound state of electron and positron that self-annihilate into multiple photons. The modular J-PET provides a significant phase space covrage for the registration of photons originating from the decays of Ps atoms. In this paper, we discuss the properties of the modular J-PET and its potential applications in medical and particle physics.
Status of the AugerPrime upgrade of the Pierre Auger Observatory
Authors: Borodai Nataliia
Published: December 2022

The Pierre Auger Observatory consists of a detector system to study ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays. These cosmic rays can be detected only through the observation of extensive air showers. The hybrid detection of air showers at the Observatory is based on the Surface Detector (SD) – an array of about 1660 water-Cherenkov detectors, and the Fluorescence Detector, with 27 telescopes overlooking the SD. Recently, an upgrade of the Observatory was initiated, called AugerPrime. The main purpose of the upgrade is to improve the mass composition sensitivity of the SD through precise measurements of the muonic and electromagnetic components of extensive air showers. For this purpose, additional scintillator and radio detectors are being installed on top of SD stations. The upgrade also includes updated SD electronics, and underground muon detectors. In this talk, the motivation and the current status of the upgrade will be reviewed.
Status of the SPHERE project for high energy cosmic ray studies by registering reflected Cherenkov light with a drone-borne detector
Authors: Chernov D. , Bonvech E. , Finger M. , Finger M. , Galkin V. , Ivanov V. , Latypova V. , Podgrudkov D. , Roganova T. , Vaiman I.
Published: December 2022

Here we present the current state of the technical design of the SPHERE project’s new detector. The SPHERE project is aimed at primary cosmic ray studies in the 1–1000 PeV energy range using the reflected Cherenkov light method. The concept of a drone mounted detector with a photosensitive camera based on silicon photomultipliers is discussed. The design details of a small scale prototype of this detector is presented.
SiPM-based camera for gamma-ray imaging air Cherenkov telescope
Authors: Chernov D. , Bonvech E. , Astapov I. , Bezyazeekov P. , Borodin A. , Brueckner M. , Budnev N. , Chernukh D. , Chiavassa A. , Dyachok A. , Fedorov O. , Gafarov A. , Garmash A. , Grebenyuk V. , Gress O. , Gress T. , Grishin O. , Grinyuk A. , Horns D. , Ivanova A. , Kalmykov N. , Kazarina Y. , Kindin V. , Kiryuhin S. , Kokoulin R. , Kompaniets K. , Korosteleva E. , Kozhin V. , Kravchenko E. , Krykov A. , Kuzmichev L. , Lagutin A. , Lemeshev Yu. , Lubsandorzhiev B. , Lubsandorzhiev N. , Mirgazov R. , Mirzoyan R. , Monkhoev R. , Osipova E. , Pakhorukov A. , Pan A. , Pankov L. , Petrukhin A. , Podgrudkov D. , Poleschuk V. , Popescu M. , Popova E. , Porelli A. , Postnikov E. , Prosin V. , Ptuskin V. , Pushnin A. , Raikin R. , Rubtsov G. , Rybov E. , Sagan Y. , Samoliga V. , Silaev A. , Silaev A. , Sidorenkov A. , Skurikhin A. , Slunecka V. , Sokolov A. , Suvorkin Y. , Sveshnikova L. , Tabolenko V. , Tanaev A. , Tarashansky B. , Ternovoy L. , Tkachev L. , Tluczykont M. , Ushakov N. , Vaidyanathan A. , Volchugov P. , Voronin D. , Vorobiov V. , Wischnewski R. , Yashin I. , Zagorodnikov A. , Zhurov D.
Published: December 2022

The current status of the equipment development for the new wide-angle gamma-ray imaging air Cherenkov telescope for TAIGA hybrid installation is presented. A front-end electronic and data acquisition system board based on the Zynq family Xilinx FPGA chips specially designed for this project have been produced and are being tested. A detailed description if presented for internal structure of the four main subsystems: four 8-channel 100 MHz ADCs, board’s control system, internal clock and synchronization system and the power supply system. Additionally, the current status of a small scale prototype telescope SIT consisting of 49 SiPM is presented. The telescope includes a digital camera for observing the stars and weather condition. The SIT-HiSCORE synchronization systems and the telemetry information collection had been tested.
The Mini-EUSO telescope on board the ISS: in-flight operations and performances
Authors: Marcelli L , Battisti M , Belov A , Bertaina M , Cambiè G , Capel F , Casolino M , Ebisuzaki T , Fuglesang C , Klimov P , Parizot E , Picozza P , Piotrowski L W , Prévôt G , Reali E , Ricci M , Sakaki N , Szabelski J , Takizawa Y
Published: December 2022

Mini-EUSO is a high sensitivity imaging telescope that observes the Earth from the ISS in the ultraviolet band (2904÷430 nm), through the UV-transparent window in the Russian Zvezda module. The instrument, launched in 2019 as part of the ESA mission Beyond, has a field of view of 44°, a spatial resolution on the Earth surface of 6.3 km and a temporal resolution of 2.5 microseconds. The telescope detects UV emissions of cosmic, atmospheric and terrestrial origin on different time scales, from a few microseconds upwards. Mini-EUSO main detector optics is composed of two Fresnel lenses focusing light onto an array of 36 Hamamatsu multi-anode photomultiplier tubes, for a total of 2304 pixels. The telescope also contains: two ancillary cameras to complement measurements in the near infrared and visible ranges, an array of Silicon-PhotoMultipliers and UV sensors to manage night-day transitions. In this work we will describe the in-flight operations and performances of the various instruments in the first months after launch.
Simulation tool for MRPC telescopes of EEE experiment
Authors: Mandaglio G. , Abbrescia M. , Avanzini C. , Baldini L. , Ferroli R. Baldini , Batignani G. , Battaglieri M. , Boi S. , Bossini E. , Carnesecchi F. , Cicalò C. , Cifarelli L. , Coccetti F. , Coccia E. , Corvaglia A. , De Gruttola D. , De Pasquale S. , Fabbri F. , Fulci A. , Galante L. , Garbini M. , Gemme G. , Gnesi I. , Grazzi S. , Hatzifotiadou D. , La Rocca P. , Liu Z. , Maimone A. , Maron G. , Mazziotta M.N. , Mulliri A. , Nania R. , Noferini F. , Nozzoli F. , Palmonari F. , Panareo M. , Panetta M.P. , Paoletti R. , Pellegrino C. , Pinazza O. , Pinto C. , Pisano S. , Riggi F. , Righini G.C. , Ripoli C. , Rizzi M. , Sartorelli G. , Scapparone E. , Schioppa M. , Scribano A. , Selvi M. , Serri G. , Squarcia S. , Taiuti M. , Terreni G. , Trifirò A. , Trimarchi M. , Triolo A.S. , Vistoli C. , Votano L. , Ungaro M. , Williams M.C.S. , Zichichi A. , Zuyeuski R.
Published: December 2022

The Extreme Energy Events (EEE) experiment consists in a network of cosmic muon tracker telescopes, each made of three Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPC), able to precisely measure the absolute muon crossing time and the muon integrated angular flux at the ground level. To investigate the MRPC telescope response and performance, a simulation tool was developed in GEMC, software package based on GEANT4 libraries. The framework was validated by comparing simulations with the EEE experimental data. Detailed description of telescope response is fundamental to carry on the physics program of the EEE project, and it could open other research avenues, such as using the telescope in combination with other detectors to perform a (muon) tomography of material surrounding the telescope. In this paper, the EEE simulation framework will be presented reporting results and discussing further applications.
Performance and running experience of the Belle II silicon vertex detector
Authors: Nakamura K. R. , Adamczyk K. , Aggarwal L. , Aihara H. , Aziz T. , Bacher S. , Bahinipati S. , Batignani G. , Baudot J. , Behera P. K. , Bettarini S. , Bilka T. , Bozek A. , Buchsteiner F. , Casarosa G. , Corona L. , Czank T. , Das S. B. , Dujany G. , Forti F. , Friedl M. , Gabrielli A. , Ganiev E. , Gobbo B. , Halder S. , Hara K. , Hazra S. , Higuchi T. , Irmler C. , Ishikawa A. , Jeon H. B. , Jin Y. , Joo C. , Kaleta M. , Kaliyar A. B. , Kandra J. , Kang K. H. , Kapusta P. , Kodyš P. , Kohriki T. , Kumar M. , Kumar R. , La Licata C. , Lalwani K. , Lee S. C. , Libby J. , Massaccesi L. , Mayekar S. N. , Mohanty G. B. , Morii T. , Natkaniec Z. , Onuki Y. , Ostrowicz W. , Paladino A. , Paoloni E. , Park H. , Polat G. , Rao K. K. , Ripp-Baudot I. , Rizzo G. , Sahoo D. , Schwanda C. , Serrano J. , Suzuki J. , Tanaka S. , Tanigawa H. , Thalmeier R. , Tiwari R. , Tsuboyama T. , Uematsu Y. , Verbycka O. , Vitale L. , Wan K. , Wang Z. , Webb J. , Wiechczynski J. , Yin H. , Zani L.
Published: December 2022

The Belle II silicon vertex detector is one of the vertex detectors in the Belle II experiment. The detector reads out the signals from the double-sided silicon strip sensors with the APV25 front-end readout ASIC, adopting the chip-on-sensor concept to minimize the strip noise. The detector has been operated in the experiment since the spring of 2019. Analyzing the acquired data during the beam collisions, the excellent performance of the detector is confirmed. Also, the radiation dose and 1-MeV equivalent neutron fluence of the detector are estimated using the measured dose rates of the diamond sensors installed on the beam pipe and are compared with the measured radiation effects in the strip noise, leakage current, and depletion voltage. This paper briefly introduces the main features of the silicon vertex detector, and then reports on the measured performance and radiation effects of the first two years of running experience of the detector.
ATLAS ITk Pixel Detector Overview
Authors: Francisca J. , Sánchez Muñoz
Published: December 2022

In this work an overview of the layout and current status of development of the ITk Pixel detector is given. For the HL-LHC upgrade the current ATLAS Inner Detector is replaced by an all-silicon system. The Pixel Detector will consist of 5 barrel layers and a number of rings, resulting in about 14 m2of instrumented area. Due to the huge non-ionising fluence (1×1016neq/cm2) and ionising dose (5 MGy), the two innermost layers, instrumented with 3D pixel sensors (L0) and 100μm thin planar sensors (L1) will be replaced after about 5 years of operation. All hybrid detector modules will be read out by novel ASICs, implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology, with a bandwidth of up to 5 Gb/s. Data will be transmitted optically to the off-detector readout system. To save material in the servicing cables, the ASICs are serially powered. Large-scale prototyping programs are being carried out by all sub-systems.
Noise performance of the ALPIDE-based ALICE Inner Tracking System
Authors: Mager Magnus
Published: December 2022

The new ALICE Inner Tracking System is the first large-scale MAPS-based tracking system. It is covering an active surface of 10 m2, with a total of 12.5 billion pixels. Several optimisations of the pixel chip lead to a quasi-noise-free operation, with measured fake-hit rates of below 1 hit per pixel and billion events (system level numbers), numbers compatible with the order of magnitude expected from cosmic and natural background radiation.

This contribution covers a detailed study of fake hits as recorded in the inner-most detector barrels, made of the highest quality chips. It reveals a localised noise pattern that could be traced down to originate from decoupling capacitors present on the detector module. It can most likely be explained by the radioactive decay of 210Pb, which is present in trace amounts in the solder that was used to mount decoupling capacitors on the detector modules. This hypothesis is substantiated with a dedicated simulation study and laboratory measurements.
Test of a prototype Microstrip Silicon Detector for the FOOT experiment
Authors: Silvestre G , Di Ruzza B , Ambrosi G , Movileanu M , Kanxheri K , Barbanera M , Placidi P , Servoli L
Published: December 2022

The FOOT (FragmentatiOn Of Target) experiment aims to measure the fragmentation cross-section of protons into H, C, O targets at beam energies of interest for hadrontherapy (50-250 MeV for H and 50-400 MeV/u for C ions).

Given the short range of the fragments, an inverse kinematic approach requiring precise tracking capabilities in a magnetic volume has been chosen.

A key subsystem of this experiment will be the Microstrip Silicon Detector, based on 3 X-Y measuring station, each composed of two 150 μm thick single side microstrip sensors. In this work, we present the results of characterization of the new version of a 64 channel low-noise/low power high dynamic range readout ASIC and subsequent tests of the first 150 um thick sensor prototype.

A series of tests were also performed to validate a novel “grazing angle” approach, where it is possible to change the track length below a given strip varying the incoming particle’s incident angle onto the sensor to test the electronics dynamic range without using high Z ions.
Module development for the ATLAS ITk Pixel Detector
Authors: Sharma Abhishek
Published: December 2022

In HL-LHC operation the instantaneous luminosity will reach unprecedented values, resulting in about 200 proton-proton interactions in a typical bunch crossing. The current ATLAS Inner Detector will be replaced by an all-silicon system, the Inner Tracker (ITk). The innermost part of ITk will consist of a state-of-the-art pixel detector. Several different silicon sensor technologies will be employed in the five barrel and endcap layers. Based on first modules assembled using the RD53A prototype readout chip, numerous issues are being studied. These include production ones like bump bonding of large area, thin modules, as well as the optimization of the bandwidth and sharing of links between multiple chips and modules. These proceedings will present results of many of these studies, which directly impact the construction and assembly of modules using the first production version of the readout chip ITkPixV1, which will become available shortly.1
HGCROC2: the front-end readout ASICs for the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter
Authors: Bouyjou F. , Bombardi G. , Callier S. , Dinaucourt P. , Dulucq F. , El Berni M. , Guilloux F. , Idzik M. , de La Taille C. , Marchioro A. , Moron J. , Raux L. , Thienpont D. , Vergine T.
Published: December 2022

The CMS High-Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) imposes extremely challenging specifications for the front-end electronics: high dynamic range, low noise, high-precision time information and low power consumption, as well as the need to select and transmit trigger information with a high transverse and longitudinal granularity. HGCROC2 is the second prototype of the readout chip embedding almost all the final functionalities. It has 72 channels of the full analog chain: low noise and high gain preamplifier and shapers, a 10-bit 40 MHz SAR-ADC which provides the charge measurement over the linear range of the preamplifier, after the preamplifier saturation a discriminator and TDC provide the charge information from ToT (200 ns dynamic range and 50 ps binning), and a fast discriminator and TDC provide timing information to 25 ps accuracy. This paper reports on the performance in terms of noise, charge and timing, the DAQ and Trigger paths, as well as results from radiation qualification with total ionizing dose (TID) and heavy ions for single-event effects (SEE).
Cold Readout Electronics for Liquid Argon TPCs in the DUNE experiment
Authors: Gao S
Published: December 2022

The liquid Argon TPC (LArTPC) technology is used in DUNE, the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, to achieve its goals as the leading-edge international experiment for neutrino science and proton decay studies. The first 10 k-ton DUNE far detector module will employ wired-based anode planes with cold readout electronics (CE) installed inside the cryostat. The CE developed for cryogenic temperatures (77-89K) operation is an optimal solution that achieves excellent noise performance and decouples the electrode and cryostat design from the readout design. This paper reviews the experience of ProtoDUNE single-phase detector located at the CERN Neutrino Platform and provides an overview of the progress of the CE development, including recent results from system integration tests involving the characterization of new versions of the cryogenic ASICs and front-end motherboards mounted on small scale anode planes immersed in cryogenic liquids.
The Q-Pix pixelated readout concept for future Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers: status and prospects.
Authors: Shebalin Vasily , Kohani Shahab , Nishimura Kurtis , Varner Gary
Published: December 2022

Future long baseline neutrino experiments such as the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) pose challenges for development of readout techniques for multi-kiloton LAr Time Projection Chambers (TPCs). In contrast to wire/strip anode readout, a pixelated readout eliminates disadvantages such as disambiguation in 2D track reconstruction. The Q-Pix Consortium, established in 2019, is developing a pixelated readout technique for LAr TPCs based on charge-integrate/reset (CIR) circuits. The CIR blocks generate a sequence of reset pulses with time intervals corresponding to fixed charge integrals, allowing signal reconstruction without continuous digitization. The Q-Pix ASIC, intended for reading out pixel arrays, comprises CIR blocks along with digital components responsible for communication and reconfigurable data routing. This work is devoted to give an overview of the Q-Pix project, its status, and prospects, with emphasis on the development and prototyping of the Q-Pix readout ASICs.
Development of a timing chip prototype in 110 nm CMOS technology
Authors: Caminada L , Kilminster B , Macchiolo A , Meier B , Senger M , Wiederkehr S
Published: December 2022

We present a readout chip prototype for future pixel detectors with timing capabilities. The prototype is intended for characterizing 4D pixel arrays with a pixel size of 100x100 μm2, where the sensors are Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs). The long term focus is towards a possible replacement of disks in the extended forward pixel system (TEPX) of the CMS experiment during the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). The requirements for this ASIC are the incorporation of a Time to Digital Converter (TDC) in the small pixel area, low power consumption, and radiation tolerance up to 5 × 1015
n
eq cm−2 to withstand the radiation levels in the innermost detector modules for 3000 fb−1 of the HL-LHC (in the TEPX). A prototype has been designed and produced in 110 nm CMOS technology at LFoundry and UMC with different versions of TDC structures, together with a front end circuitry to interface with the sensors. The design of the TDC will be discussed, with the test set-up for the measurements, and the first results comparing the performance of the different structures.
Single event effects testing of the RD53B chip
Authors: Menouni Mohsine , Barrillon Pierre , Flores Leyre , Fougeron Denis , Hemperek Tomasz , Joly Eva , Lalic Jelena , Strebler Thomas
Published: December 2022

The RD53 collaboration has been working since 2014 on the development of pixel chips for the CMS and ATLAS Phase 2 tracker upgrade. This work has recently led to the development of the RD53B full-scale readout chip which is using the 65nm CMOS process and containing 153600 pixels of 50 × 50 μm
2 The RD53B chip is designed to be robust against the Single Event Effects (SEE), allowing such a complex chip to operate reliably in the hostile environment of the HL-LHC. Different SEE mitigation techniques based on the Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) have been adopted for the critical information in the chip. Furthermore, the efficiency of this mitigation scheme has been evaluated for the RD53B chip with heavy ion beams in the CYCLONE facility and with a 480 MeV proton beam in TRIUMF facility. The purpose of this paper is to describe and explain all the SEE mitigation strategies used in the RD53B chip, to report and analyze the heavy ions and proton tests results and to estimate the expected Single Event Upset (SEU) rates at the HL-LHC.
Low Background Readout Electronics for Large Area Silicon Photomultipliers
Authors: Fabbri A. , Mari S. M. , Montini P. , Petrucci F. , Riondino D. , Sanfilippo S.
Published: December 2022

In this work we present a low noise high speed readout electronics for large area Silicon Photomultipiers (SiPMs) to be used in a cryogenic environment. The board is able to manage the signals coming from a 25 cm2 SiPM tile, showing ¡10% SPE resolution and wide dynamic. The sub-nanosecond timing properties make them suitable to work with the typical mixtures of Liquid Scintillators currently being used in particle and astroparticle physics experiments. The boards have been tested with several types of SiPMs from room temperature down to -70 C showing excellent single photo-electron resolution in all the enviroments. The board’s PCBs have been developed with ultra low background material in order to be used in rare event searches.
Prototyping serial powering with RD53A
Authors: Hinterkeuser F , Hamer M , Daas M , Hügging F , Krüger H , Perry U C , Pohl D-L , Desch K
Published: December 2022

The ATLAS inner detector will be replaced by an all-silicon detector for the HL-LHC upgrade around 2025. The innermost five layers of the detector system will be pixel detector layers which will be most challenging in terms of radiation hardness, data rate and readout speed. A serial power scheme will be used for the pixel layers to reduce the material budget and power consumption in cables. New elements are required to operate and monitor a serially powered detector including a detector control system, constant current sources and front-end electronics with shunt regulators. Prototypes for all sections of the ITk pixel detector are built to verify the concept and operate multiple serial power chains as a system test. The evaluation of both the readout of multi-modules and mechanical integration are further aims of the prototyping campaign. In the contribution, results will be presented of this prototyping effort. Moreover, details and features of serial powering for full detector systems will be given.
System Design and Prototyping for the CMS Level-1 Trigger at the High-Luminosity LHC
Authors: Zabi Alexandre
Published: December 2022

For the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider era, the trigger and data acquisition system of the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment will be entirely replaced. Novel design choices have been explored, including ATCA prototyping platforms with SoC controllers and newly available interconnect technologies with serial optical links with data rates up to 28 Gb/s. Trigger data analysis will be performed through sophisticated algorithms, including widespread use of Machine Learning, in large FPGAs, such as the Xilinx Ultrascale family. The system will process over 60 Tb/s of detector data with an event rate of 750 kHz. The system design and prototyping are described and examples of trigger algorithms reviewed.
Development of a new high-speed data acquisition system prototype for SOI pixel detector using SiTCP-XG, a 10-gigabit Ethernet network processor
Authors: Nishimura Ryutaro , Kishimoto Shunji , Arai Yasuo , Miyoshi Toshinobu
Published: December 2022

We are developing a new readout board with a newer generation field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and the 10-gigabit ethernet to improve the performance and usability of the current readout board based on the 1-gigabit ethernet. In this new readout board, the SiTCP-XG network processor supporting 10 Gigabit Ethernet was implemented. SiTCP is a network processor circuit running on FPGA, and SiTCP-XG is the newly developed version of the SiTCP that supports 10-gigabit ethernet. Before developing the new board, we constructed a prototype system using the Xilinx FPGA evaluation board KC705 to evaluate the SiTCP-XG. This prototype system was tested with the SOI pixel detector, which has 425,984 (column 832 × row 512 matrix) pixels and a pixel size of 17 × 17 μm2 at the synchrotron beamlines of the PhotonFactory (KEK). This was the first test of the X-ray imaging for this system. The results showed that this system worked stably with a transfer rate of 682 Mbps (equivalent to a frame rate of 100 fps, limited by detector operation parameters), and also worked stably with a transfer rate of 2.4 Gbps (equivalent to 350 fps, the maximum rate limited by the detector performance). These results suggest that the SiTCP-XG system has sufficient transfer performance to cover the SOIPIX detector performance.
Readout system and testbeam results of the RD50-MPW2 HV-CMOS pixel chip
Authors: Sieberer P , Bergauer T , Flöckner K , Irmler C , Steininger H
Published: December 2022

The RD50-CMOS group aims to design and study High Voltage CMOS (HV-CMOS) chips for use in a high radiation environment. Currently, measurements are performed on RD50-MPW2 chip, the second prototype developed by this group. The active matrix of the prototype consists of 8x8 pixels with analog front end. Details of the analog front end and simulations have been already published earlier. This contribution focuses on the Caribou based readout system of the active matrix. Each pixel of the active matrix can be readout one after the other. Relevant aspects of hardware, firmware and software are introduced. As a first stage, firmware for a standalone setup is introduced and details on data flow are given. Afterwards, a second stage of the firmware capable of synchronizing with other detectors and accepting triggers is presented, focusing on operation of the chip in combination with a tracking telescope to measure efficiency and residuals.
Monitoring System of the ATLAS ITk Laboratory
Authors: Sykora Martin , Dolezal Zdenek , Kodys Peter , Kroll Jiri
Published: December 2022

The ATLAS ITk Upgrade project, culminating in the installation into the experiment in 2026, enters this year its production period. Cooperating laboratories dealing with the strip part of the project needs to meet various conditions in clean rooms and testing environments to ensure safety for production components during assembly and measurement procedures. One of the ITk laboratories, located in Prague, prepared for modules’ production is presented as a model case. For this purpose, dedicated DAQ software called ITSDAQ is used together with the slow control monitoring system based on RS232/GPIB standards, MySQL database entry and Grafana visualization platform. Data are stored in the local database storage, a subset of them and the test results are also sent into the ITk Production Database. Such an integrated tool offers real-time plotting of crucial parameters and the possibility of receiving an immediate notification in case of exceeding any threshold.
INO’s RPC-DAQ module: Performance review and upgrade plans
Authors: Saraf M. N. , Yuvaraj E. , Datar V. M. , Majumder G. , Pathaleswar  , Pethuraj  , Satyanarayana B. , Shinde R. R. , Sil D. , Thoithoi S. , Upadhya S. S.
Published: December 2022

The India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) has proposed to build a magnetised Iron-CALorimeter (ICAL) to study atmospheric neutrinos. The ICAL detector will use 28,800 Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) of 2 m × 2 m area as active detector elements. The particle interaction signals in the RPCs are amplified and converted into logic signals using discriminators. These logic signals are processed by the RPC-DAQ module which is mounted with every RPC. RPC-DAQ is built around Intel’s Cyclone IV FPGA, HPTDC and Ethernet controller W5300. Pre-trigger signals generated in each RPC-DAQ, participate in forming a global event trigger (GT). On receiving the GT, the RPC-DAQ records mainly the event time, RPC strip-hit pattern along with relative time stamps of the hits. The strip rates, are recorded periodically in order to monitor the health of the RPCs. The RPC-DAQ then packages these data and sends them over Ethernet to the back-end servers. RPC-DAQ performance and upgrade plans will be presented.
Concept of KamLAND2 DAQ system
Authors: Ieki S. , Asami S. , Axani S. , Futagi S. , Hosokawa K. , Ishidoshiro K. , Nakahata T. , Nakamura K.
Published: December 2022

The KamLAND-Zen experiment is searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay of 136Xe. We are preparing for the upgrade of the KamLAND detector, KamLAND2. It is designed to improve the discrimination power of two-neutrino double-beta decay and cosmic-ray muon spallation backgrounds. Data acquisition of all neutrino events from nearby supernova is also an important issue of the KamLAND2 experiment and the data rate is a key factor to design a new DAQ system. High speed sampling will be realized with RFSoC on the front-end electronics. Data is read out from FEE to DAQ computers via 10 GbE, and FairMQ is one of the candidates for KamLAND2 DAQ software. In the KamLAND DAQ, the whole trigger system is implemented in hardware, while the KamLAND2 DAQ adopts hardware trigger for photon detection and software trigger to extract physics events. A simulation study of the software trigger is proceeding in order to detect low energy events using timing and charge information.
The Upgrade of the LHCb RICH detector
Authors: Bartolini Matteo
Published: December 2022

LHCb is one of the four main experiments operating at the LHC and it is dedicated to measurements of CP violation and to the search for new physics beyond Standard Model in the rare decays of hadrons containing heavy quarks. LHCb is currently undergoing a major upgrade in order to increase the operating luminosity to 2 × 1033 cm-2 sec-1 from the start of Run 3 in 2022. The strategy of reading out the detectors at the full rate of 40 MHz without a hardware trigger requires a complete renewal of the data acquisition system.
Fast and Radiation Hard Inorganic Scintillators for Future HEP Experiments
Authors: Hu C , Zhang L , Zhu R-Y
Published: December 2022

Future HEP experiments at the energy and intensity frontiers require fast and ultrafast inorganic scintillators with excellent radiation hardness to face the challenges of unprecedented event rate and severe radiation environment. We report recent progress in fast and ultrafast inorganic scintillators for future HEP experiments. Examples are LYSO crystals and LuAG ceramics for an ultra-compact shashlik sampling calorimeter for the HL-LHC and the proposed FCC-hh, and yttrium doped BaF2 crystals for the proposed Mu2e-II experiment. Applications for GHz hard X-ray imaging will also be discussed.
A high-performance custom photodetection system to probe the light yield enhancement in oriented crystals
Authors: Soldani M , Bandiera L , Bomben L , Brizzolari C , Camattari R , Salvador D De , Guidi V , Haurylavets V , Lutsenko E , Maiolino T , Mascagna V , Mazzolari A , Prest M , Romagnoni M , Ronchetti F , Selmi A , Sytov A , Tikhomirov V , Vallazza E
Published: December 2022

Scintillating homogeneous detectors represent the state of the art in electromagnetic calorimetry. Moreover, the currently neglected crystalline nature of the most common inorganic scintillators can be exploited to achieve an outstanding performance boost in terms of compactness and energy resolution. In fact, it was recently demonstrated by the AXIAL/ELIOT experiments that a strong reduction in the radiation length inside PWO, and a subsequent enhancement in the scintillation light emitted per unit thickness, are attained when the incident particle trajectory is aligned with a crystal axis within ~ 1°. A SiPM-based system has been developed to directly probe this remarkable effect by measuring the scintillation light emitted by a PWO sample. The same concept could be applied to full-scale detectors that would feature a design significantly more compact than currently achievable and unparalleled resolution in the range of interest for present and future experiments.
Simulation of a Compton-pair imaging calorimeter and tracking system for the next generation of MeV gamma-ray telescopes
Authors: Altomare C. , Buckley J. H. , Chen W. , Di Venere L. , Gargano F. , Giordano F. , Loparco F. , Mazziotta M.N. , Serini D.
Published: December 2022

The astrophysical community is currently focusing its efforts in the development of a new generation of gamma-ray telescopes to detect low-energy photons in the MeV-GeV energy range, operating both in the Compton and pair conversion regimes. The reconstruction of the incident photons energy and direction is not straightforward, as the range of secondary particles produced by photon interactions is usually short. We propose a detector consisting of a tracker system based on scintillating fibers and of a Compton-pair imaging calorimeter made of CsI(Na) crystals coupled to wavelength shifting (WLS) fibers read out by Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays. We have developed a dedicated simulation code to study the performance of this detector. The simulation takes into account the optical photon production and propagation inside the fibers and is used to optimize the fiber geometrical and optical properties and the design of the readout system.
Development of an Argon Light Source as a Calibration and Quality Control Device for Liquid Argon Light Detectors
Authors: Tosun M , Bilki B , Sahbaz K K
Published: December 2022

The majority of future large-scale neutrino and dark matter experiments are based on liquid argon detectors. Since liquid argon is also a very effective scintillator, these experiments also have light detection systems. 127 nm wavelength of the liquid argon scintillation leads to the development of specialized light detectors, mostly based on wavelength shifters, and recently photodetectors sensitive to deeper UV. The effective calibration and quality control of these newly developed detectors is still a persisting problem. In order to respond to this need, we developed an argon light source which is based on plasma generation and light transfer across a MgF2 window. The light source is designed as a small, portable and easy to operate device to enable the acquisition of performance characteristics of several square meters of light detectors at once. Here we report on the development of the light source and its preliminary performance characteristics.
PANDA Barrel DIRC: From Design to Component Production
Authors: Schepers G , Belias A , Dzhygadlo R , Gerhardt A , Lehmann D , Peters K , Schwarz C , Schwiening J , Traxler M , Schmitt L , Böhm M , Krauss S , Lehmann A , Miehling D , Pfaffinger M , Düren M , Etzelmüller E , Föhl K , Hayrapetyan A , Köseoglu I , Schmidt M , Wasem T , Sfienti C , Ali A , Barnyakov A , Beloborodov K , Kononov S , Kuyanov I
Published: December 2022

Excellent particle identification (PID) will be essential for the PANDA experiment at FAIR. The Barrel DIRC will separate kaons and pions with at least 3 s.d. for momenta up to 3.5 GeV/c and polar angles between 22 and 140 deg. After successful validation of the final design in the CERN PS/T9 beam line, the tendering process for the two most time- and cost-intensive items, radiator bars and MCP-PMTs, started in 2018. In Sep. 2019 Nikon was selected to build the fused silica bars and successfully completed the series production of 112 bars in Feb. 2021. Measurements of the mechanical quality of the bars were performed by Nikon and the optical quality was evaluated at GSI. In Dec. 2020, the contract for the fabrication of the MCP-PMTs was awarded to PHOTONIS and the delivery of the first-of-series MCP-PMTs is expected in July 2021. We present the design of the PANDA Barrel DIRC as well as the status of the component series production and the result of the quality assurance measurements.
Preliminary tests of Plastic Scintillator Detector for the High Energy cosmic-Radiation Detection (HERD) experiment
Authors: Alemanno F. , Altomare C. , Barbato F.C.T. , Bernardini P. , Cattaneo P.W. , De Mitri I. , De Palma F. , Di Venere L. , Di Santo M. , Fusco P. , Gargano F. , Kyratzis D. , Loparco F. , Loporchio S. , Marsella G. , Mazziotta M.N. , Pantaleo F.R. , Parenti A. , Pillera R. , Pullia M. , Rappoldi A. , Raselli G.L. , Rossella M. , Serini D. , Silveri L. , Surdo A. , Wu L.
Published: December 2022

The High Energy Cosmic Radiation Detection (HERD) facility, onboard the future China’s Space Station (CSS), will provide high quality data on charged cosmic rays and gamma rays in the energy range from few GeV to PeV. HERD will be equipped with a fine granularity cubic crystals calorimeter and a precision tracker detector. The entire instrument will be surrounded by a Plastic Scintillator Detector (PSD) that will be used to discriminate charged from neutral particles in order to correctly identify gamma-rays and nuclei. One proposed configuration for the HERD PSD consists of tiles of plastic scintillator, optically coupled to SiPMs. In 2019-2020, two beam tests were performed at CNAO (Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica) in Pavia (Italy), exposing some PSD tiles, equipped with SiPMs, to low-beta p and C ion beams in order to evaluate the detector response to heavy ions. Spatial and temporal resolution were also evaluated using a radioactive source.
Plans for novel Cherenkov detectors at the Super Charm-Tau Factory in Novosibirsk
Authors: Hayrapetyan Avetik , Kegel S. , Schmidt M. , Barnyakov A. Yu. , Bobrovnikov V. S. , Kononov S. A.
Published: December 2022

The future e
+
e
− Super Charm-Tau Factory (SCTF) to be built at Novosibirsk will cover an energy range of 2 – 7 GeV. The projected record luminosity of 1035
cm
−2
s
−1 and the longitudinal polarization of the electrons will enable a wide range of standard model precision tests and options for the discovery of flavor violating decays beyond the standard model. A 4π detector with excellent particle identification (PID) is required with challenging μ/π-separation in the range 0.2 – 1.2 GeV/c. This talk focuses on two new concepts and the first tests of novel Cherenkov detectors for SCTF, a focusing aerogel RICH (FARICH) and a focusing DIRC (fDIRC). Both require single-photon detection with good coordinate and timing resolution. The prototyping for both versions already started at BINP and Giessen. The tests include various photon detectors (MCP-PMT, SIPM, MPPC). The first results using cosmic muons at the Giessen Cosmic Station are presented.
Influencing factors of time resolution for LPMT for JUNO
Authors: Qian Sen , Cao Yiqi , Huang Guorui , Jin Liao , Jin Muchun , Jin Zhen , Li Dong , Li Kun , Liu Shulin , Ma Lishuang , Ren Ling , Si Shuguang , Sun Jianning , Wang Xingchao , Wu Qi , Zhan Haoda , Zhu Yao
Published: December 2022

Large area PMTs (LPMT) are widely used in neutrino experiments and cosmic ray detection. To meet the performance requirements for Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), researchers at IHEP developed 20-inch MCP-PMTs which provide higher collection efficiency at a lower cost. 15k 20-inch PMTs produced by North Night Vision Technology Co., Ltd. (NNVT) has been delivered to Jiangmen and are to be installed as the central liquid scintillator detector of JUNO. Compared with prototype, though the collection efficiency (CE) and the quantum efficiency (QE) of the 15k MCP-PMTs get improved, the time performance gets worse. In this manuscript, the reasons for the deterioration of time resolution of the 15k MCP-PMTs are explored from several aspects. The optimized structure with great TTS of less than 5 ns is also introduced.
The COMPASS RICH-1 MPGD based photon detector performance
Authors: Agarwala J , Alexeev M , Azevedo C D R , Bradamante F , Bressan A , Büchele M , Chatterjee C , Chiosso M , Cicuttin A , Ciliberti P , Crespo M L , D’Ago D , Torre S Dalla , Dasgupta S , Denisov O , Finger M , Finger M , Fischer H , Ordóñez L García , Gregori M , Hamar G , Herrmann F , Levorato S , Martin A , Menon G , Panzieri D , Sbrizzai G , Schopferer S , Slunecka M , Sulc M , Tessarotto F , Triloki  , Veloso J F C A , Zhao Y X
Published: December 2022

In 2016 we have upgraded the COMPASS RICH by novel gaseous photon detectors based on MPGD technology. Four new photon detectors, covering a total active area of 1.5 m
2, have been installed in order to cope with the challenging efficiency and stability requirements of the COMPASS physics programme. The new detector architecture consists in a hybrid MPGD combination: two layers of THGEMs, the first of which also acts as a reflective photocathode thanks to CsI coating, are coupled to a bulk Micromegas on a pad-segmented anode. These detectors are the first application in an experiment of MPGD-based single photon detectors. Presently, we are further developing the MPGD-based PDs to make them adequate for a setup at the future EIC collider. All aspects of the COMPASS RICH-1 Photon Detectors upgrade are presented: R&D, engineering, mass production, QA and performance; the on-going development for collider application is also presented.
Assembly and test of prototype scintillator tiles for the plastic scintillator detector of the High Energy Cosmic Radiation Detection (HERD) facility
Authors: Altomare C. , Alemanno F. , Barbato F.C.T. , Bernardini P. , Cattaneo P.W. , De Mitri I. , de Palma F. , Dipinto P. , Di Venere L. , Di Santo M. , Fusco P. , Gargano F. , Kyratzis D. , Liciulli F. , Loparco F. , Loporchio S. , Marsella G. , Mazziotta M.N. , Mongelli M. , Pantaleo F.R. , Papagni M. , Parenti A. , Pillera R. , Rappoldi A. , Raselli G.L. , Rossella M. , Serini D. , Silveri L. , Surdo A. , Triggiani R.
Published: December 2022

Satellite experiments for gamma-ray and cosmic-ray detection employ plastic scintillators to discriminate charged from neutral particles in order to correctly identify gamma-rays and charged nuclei. The High Energy Cosmic Radiation Detection (HERD) facility will be among these experiments, to be installed onboard the future Chinese Space Station (CSS), to detect cosmic-rays and gamma-rays up to TeV energies. The plastic scintillator detector (PSD) will consist of scintillator tiles or bars coupled to Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs). To discriminate gamma-rays from charged particles and measure the ion charge up to iron nuclei a wide dynamic range is required, from few tens up to thousands of photoelectrons. We have equipped a plastic scintillator tile prototype with SiPMs produced by Hamamatsu and AdvanSiD and coupled their analog signals to the DT5550W board based on the CITIROC ASIC, produced by CAEN SpA. The CITIROC ASIC allows both the formation of a fast trigger with a configurable threshold and the digitization of analog waveforms after a preamplification and shaping stage along two paths with different gain settings. The performance of our prototype will be shown.
Mechanical design of multi-PMTs for IWCD
Authors: Deshmukh N , Chinchanikar S , Garde C , Kulkarni A , Garode S , Lindner T , Konaka A , Hartz M
Published: December 2022

Approximately 500 multi-PMTs (mPMTs) will be used as the photosensors for the Intermediate Water Cherenkov Detector (IWCD), a new near detector for the approved Hyper-Kamiokande experiment that will be built by 2025. The IWCD mPMT design has nineteen 3” PMTs enclosed in a water-tight pressure vessel, along with the associated electronics. The 3” PMTs provide excellent spatial imaging of the neutrino-induced Cherenkov light ring. This work will focus on the mechanical design of the mPMT vessel. In particular, design of the acrylic dome, use of optical gel to couple the dome to the PMTs, assembly procedures of dome and PMT sub-assembly (including the necessary jigs / fixtures), design of water-tight feed-through & plans for testing and results from several mPMT prototypes.
High rate capability studies of triple-GEM detectors for the ME0 upgrade of the CMS Muon Spectrometer
Authors: Bianco M , Fallavollita F , Fiorina F , Maggi M , Pellecchia A , Garcia L F Ramirez , Rosi N , Verwilligen P
Published: December 2022

The high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) upgrade is presenting new challenges for particle detector technologies. In the CMS Muon System gaseous detectors, the increase in luminosity will produce a particle background ten times higher than at the LHC. To cope with the high rate environment and maintain current performance, the triple-Gas Electron Multiplier technology is a promising candidate for high-rate capable detectors for the CMS-ME0 upgrade project in the innermost region of the forward Muon Spectrometer of the CMS experiment. An intense R&D and prototyping phase is currently ongoing to prove that such technology meets the stringent performance requirements of highly efficient particle detection in the harsh background environment expected in the innermost ME0 region. Here we describe the recent rate capability studies of triple-GEM detectors operated with an Ar/CO2 (70/30) gas mixture at an effective gas gain of 2 × 104 by using a high intensity 22 keV X-ray generator. Moreover, we present a novel foils design based on double-sided segmented GEM-foils, high voltage power distribution, and filtering, which the collaboration adopted for realization of the latter projects, and their impact on the performance of the detector in the light of new rate capability studies, with a summary of the ongoing R&D activities.