bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yorumsayıcı ve Anlamacı İktisat Sosyolojisi Çalışmalarında Nitel Araştırma Süreçleri
Authors: DÜNDAR Onur
Published: January 2023

Bu çalışmada İktisat Sosyolojisi alanında yapılan nitel araştırmalarda kullanılması gereken araştırma yöntemleri süreçsel bir yaklaşımla ele alınmıştır. İktisat Sosyolojisi çalışmalarında daha çok yorumsayıcı ve anlamacı kuramların metodolojiye etkisini ihmal etmeyen bir bakış açısı ortaya koyulmuştur. Bu girişimin en önemli sebebi ise; yorumsayıcı ve anlamacı paradigmaların nitel araştırma yöntemlerini diğer paradigmalara göre daha fazla tercih etmeleriyle yakından ilişkilidir. Bu çalışmada didaktik araştırma deseni tercih edilmiştir. Didaktik araştırma deseni öğretici desenler arasında yer almaktadır. Didaktik araştırma deseni çalışma kapsamında ilgili alanlarda çalışma yapmak isteyen öğrenci ve akademisyenlere kılavuzluk yapma misyonuna sahiptir. Nitel araştırma süreci kavramsal çerçeve nasıl oluşturulur sorusuna cevap verilerek başlatılmıştır. Kavramsal çerçevenin oluşum süreci üç aşamada ele alınmıştır. Bunlar; (1) Sorunsal oluşturma, (2) Sorunsalın literatürdeki önemini ortaya koyma ve (3) Sorunsalı teorik bağlamda tanımlama aşamalarıdır. Daha sonra kavramsal çerçevenin nasıl test edileceği sorusuna cevap verilmek istenmiştir. Bu çalışmada İktisat Sosyolojisi özelindeki kavram ve teoriler merkeze alınmıştır. Bu doğrultuda spesifik veri toplama ve analiz teknikleri ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca bilgisayar destekli nitel veri analizinin MaxQDA (version-2020) programı ile nasıl uygulanacağı ayrı bir başlıkta didaktik desenle uyumlu bir şekilde ele alınmıştır. MaxQDA (version-2020) programıyla söylem analizi uygulaması yapılmıştır.
Durum Çalışması ve Olgubilim Desenlerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: CEYLAN ÇAPAR Meral , CEYLAN Müyesser
Published: January 2023

Araştırmaların yöntemlerinin doğru belirlenmesinde araştırma desenleri önemli bir etkendir. Nitel araştırma yöntemine dayalı en yaygın kullanılan beş temel desen söz konusudur. Bunlardan en çok durum çalışması ve olgubilim desenleri yaygın bir şekilde araştırmacılar tarafından tercih edilmektedir. Bu tercihin aynı zamanda iki deseni birbirinin yerine kullanma durumunu da beraberinde getirdiğini söylemek yanlış olmayacaktır. Bu çalışma ile olgubilim ve durum çalışması desenlerinin ortak ve farklı yönlerinin ele alınarak karşılaştırmanın yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Olgubilim, yaşanan olgu ile ilgili bilgiler elde etmek için olguyu deneyimleyen bireylerin görüşüne başvurulan nitel araştırma yöntemi desenidir. Olgubilimin oldukça fazla uygulama biçimi bulunmakla birlikte her birinde öznel deneyime öncelik verilmektedir. Olgubilim deseninde veri kaynağı birey veya gruplar olabilmektedir. Durum çalışması ise bir olgunun gerçekliği içinde incelenmesi, araştırılması ve tanımlanmasıdır. Bu olgu, kişi, kurum, mekan, proje veya bir program da olabilmektedir. Durum çalışması “neyin çalışılacağının” veya çalışma nesnesinin seçimidir. Durum çalışması, araştırılmak istenen konuyu farklı durumların da etkileyebileceği gerçeğinden yola çıkarak tüm bunların bütüncül bir anlayışta incelenmesidir.
Bir Araştırma Metodolojisi Olarak Sistematik Literatür Taramasına Genel Bakış
Authors: YILDIZ Ayşe
Published: January 2023

Tüm bilimsel akademik çalışmalarda incelenen, konunun mevcut çalışmalardaki bilgilere dayalı olarak geliştirilmesi ve bunlarla ilişkilendirilmesi bağlayıcı bir yaklaşımdır. Günümüzde akademik çalışmaların hem içerik hem de sayı olarak çok arttığı düşünüldüğünde mevcut çalışmaların sistematik bir şekilde taranması zorunluluğu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Sistematik literatür taraması, mevcut çalışmaların incelenmesi ile sonuç ve bulguların sistematik, şeffaf ve yeniden üretilebilecek şekilde sentezlenerek ortaya konmasında etkili bir araştırma metodolojisi olarak kabul edilmektedir. Metodolojinin başlangıcı ve temeli sağlık bilimleri olsa da 2000’li yıllardan itibaren birçok alandaki kullanımında bir artış gözlemlenmektedir. Bu nedenle çalışmada sözkonusu metodolojiye ilişkin kapsamlı bir alt yapı oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için dokümantasyon veri toplama yöntemi kullanılmış ve elde edilen bilgiler derleme çalışması olarak sunulmuştur. Bu kapsamda öncelikle literatür çalışmasının özellikleri ile sistematik literatür taramasının geleneksel taramadan farklılıkları belirtilmiştir. Daha sonra metodolojinin gerçekleştirilmesinde izlenmesi gereken sürece, bu süreçte ortaya çıkabilecek olası problemlere ve bunlara yönelik geliştirilen önerilere açıklık getirilerek kaliteli sistematik literatür kriterlerine yer verilmiştir.
A Novel Trigonometry Equation; Precisely Restoring Distal Radius Volar Tilt
Authors: Sedghi Soudabeh , Hallare Domingo , Brambila Maximino , Hoekzema Nathan , Refaat Motasem
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Displaced distal radius fractures are often associated with loss of normal volar tilt. Restoration of volar tilt is critical for preservation of normal wrist biomechanics. There is no standardized way to reliably and predictably restore the volar tilt. We introduce a technique of using a locking screw in the most proximal hole of a locking plate to provide a predictable restoration of volar tilt in dorsally displaced distal radius fractures. The desired correction is dictated by the locking screw length to be used which can be calculated by the following equation: tan(θ) x d=b. In this equation, θ is the desired correction angle to restore the volar tilt, d is the distance from the locking screw to the volar bend of the plate, and b is the length of the locking screw. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 20 patients who sustained distal radius fractures. The volar tilt status post closed reduction of the distal radius fracture was recorded for each patient. Additionally, the volar tilt status post open reduction internal fixation with our novel technique using a synthes 2.4mm volar plate was recorded for each patient. The length of the locking screw was documented and correction angle was calculated for each case. Results: The average volar tilt status post closed reduction of the distal radius fracture was -3.3 degrees. The average volar tilt status post open reduction internal fixation with our novel technique was 6.55 degrees. The resultant correction angle post-operatively was 10.75 degrees. The average length of the locking screw was 6.7 mm and the distance from the locking screw to the volar bend of the plate was 25 mm in all cases. Conclusion: Restoration of volar tilt is one of the most critical steps in the treatment of distal radius fractures. An accurate and highly reproducible technique is required to consistently achieve this goal. A simple technique using a locking screw in the most proximal hole of a locking plate can be utilized to restore the volar tilt accurately and reliably in dorsally displaced distal radius fractures.
Spinal Cord Compression as Clinical Presentation of Malignant Hematopoietic Diseases in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Deu María , Bertone María , Felice María , Peruzzo Luisina , Pennella Carla , Rosa Cristian , Guitter Myriam , Alfaro Elizabeth , Zubizarreta Pedro
Published: January 2023

Spinal cord compression (SCC) is an unusual manifestation of leukemias and lymphomas in children and defines an oncological emergency frequently unsuspected, being a cause of severe sequelae. Our aim was to analyze the characteristics of patients who presented signs or symptoms of spinal cord compression in early phases of malignant hematopoietic diseases. From November-1988 to July-2022, 3878 patients with leukemia and lymphoma were diagnosed. Of them, 36 children (0.92%) presented spinal cord compression signs/symptoms in early phases of their diagnosis: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (n=18), Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia and Myeloid Sarcoma (n=7), Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas (n=9) and Hodgkin Lymphoma (n=2). Clinical characteristics, images and hematological findings, treatment strategies, results and sequelae were analyzed. Sex distribution was 3.5/1 (M/F) and the media age at diagnosis was 10 (range: 4.9-16.9) years. The most common symptoms were back pain (34/36), functional impotence (27/36) and sphincter compromise (10/36). The media time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 47,5 (range: 0-300) days. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 33 (92%) patients and showed epidural mass (n=16) or vertebral collapse (n=17) in all of them. Two patients received initial radiotherapy and 11 decompressive surgeries for the management of the urgency spinal cord compression. Bone marrow aspiration was the diagnostic procedure in 69% of cases. All patients received chemotherapy and 94% achieved complete remission. Severe sequelae were observed in 10 patients (paraplegia with neurogenic bladder and kyphoscoliosis). Leukemia and lymphoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis when spinal cord compression is suspected, and magnetic resonance imaging is the mandatory study to confirm this diagnosis as a matter of urgency. Bone marrow involvement was evident due to hematological alterations in 95% of cases allowing to guide the diagnosis and initiate treatment early to reduce sequelae.
Endorsement Patterns on the Coping with Health Injuries and Problems (CHIP) Scale in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Further Validation of the Instrument and Examination of its Relationships with Demographic and Disease-Related Variables and Measures of
Authors: Gontkovsky Samuel , Kreiner David , Ryan Joseph
Published: January 2023

This study examined the coping strategies of patients with multiple sclerosis using the Coping with Health Injuries and Problems (CHIP) scale and compared patient scores on this measure to demographic and disease-related variables as well as formal indicators of emotional, physical, and cognitive status. Participants were 41 patients diagnosed with MS who were referred for outpatient psychological or neuropsychological assessment. Participants ranged in age from 21-60 years (M = 42.32 years, SD = 9.50). Mean educational level and duration of multiple sclerosis diagnosis for participants were 14.63 years (SD = 2.27, range = 12-20 years) and 8.71 years (SD = 7.51, range = 1-38 years), respectively. In contrast to prior research and expectations, findings revealed that participants reported the highest degree of engagement in CHIP Instrumental Coping strategies followed by Distraction Coping strategies as opposed to Emotional Preoccupation. Scores of patients with multiple sclerosis on the Instrumental Coping and Distraction Coping subscales of the CHIP were found to be significantly higher than those of the scale’s standardization sample. Results also indicated that engagement in Emotional Preoccupation was associated with poorer outcomes, in particular psychological adjustment. CHIP coping strategies were not found to be a function of age, educational level, duration of MS diagnosis, disability status, or gross global cognitive status. Findings provide further validation of the CHIP and support its use in assessing the coping strategies of patients with multiple sclerosis.
A systematic review article Exposure to cement dust and respiratory health for communities residing near cement factories: A systematic review of the literature.
Authors: Nkhama Emmy , Ndhlovu Micky , Dvonch J. , Lynam Mary , Kaira Charles , Mbewe Allan , Kaira Allan , Siziya Seter , Voyi Kuku
Published: January 2023

Objective: To examine the strength of evidence through systematic review of published literature on the association between effects of exposure to cement dust on respiratory health of communities residing near cement plants. Design and data sources: A systematic search and review of observational studies in Medline, Embase, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and other sources was conducted. Eligibility criteria: Peer reviewed articles, published from 1996 to 2022 that investigated effects of exposure to cement dust on human respiratory health (pulmonary functions and symptoms) were included. The studies must have been conducted in communities residing near a cement factory; were original research and written in English. The search key words were: cement, cement dust, cement dust exposure, respiratory health, cement respiratory health effect, cement dust exposure respiratory effect, cement pulmonary function, and cement dust pulmonary health. Results: 443 studies were retrieved and screened. Only 12 of these met the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies were assessed as being of moderate quality; seven of these studies were cross sectional study design and only five studies performed actual measurement of ambient concentration of particulate matter (PM) while the rest assumed high exposure levels based on other studies’ findings. Furthermore, all the five studies that measured exposure used environmental monitoring rather than more precise methods of measuring personal exposure. Most studies reported higher levels of PM2.5 and PM10 in the exposed compared to the controls and demonstrated a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and reduced pulmonary functions or some degree of association. Conclusion: This review shows that despite showing some degree of association between exposure to cement dust and respiratory ill health, the existing evidence is insufficient to draw firm conclusion mainly because the studies were of low quality. To improve the quality of evidence, future studies should include panel studies, personal monitoring of the exposure, source apportionment and chemical characterisation coupled with using standardized measurement tools for exposure and outcome at predetermined intervals
Silver Carboxylate as an Antibiotic-Independent Antimicrobial: A Review of Current Formulations, in vitro Efficacy, and Clinical Relevance
Authors: Mette Makena , Connolly Liam , Vishwanath Neel , Allu Sai , Whitaker Colin , Stone Benjamin , Clippert Drew , Antoci Valentin , Born Christopher , Garcia Dioscaris
Published: January 2023

The increasing prevalence of multi-drug resistant pathogens has led to a renewed focus on the use of silver as an antibiotic-independent antimicrobial. Unfortunately, the use of many silver formulations may be limited by an uncontrolled release of silver with the potential for significant cytotoxic effects. Silver carboxylate (AgCar) has emerged as an alternative formulation of silver with the potential to mitigate these concerns while still displaying significant bactericidal activity. This article reviews the efficacy of silver carboxylate formulations as a promising novel antibiotic-independent antimicrobial. This study was conducted through a search of five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) for relevant studies up to September 2022. Searches were conducted for types of “silver carboxylate” formulations. Sources were compiled based on title and abstract and screened for inclusion based on relevance and study design. A review of the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of silver carboxylate was compiled based on this search.    Current body of data suggests that silver carboxylate shows promise as an emerging antibiotic-independent antimicrobial, with significant bactericidal effects while minimizing cytotoxicity. Silver carboxylate addresses several of the limitations of more primitive formulations, including controlled dosing and fewer negative effects on eukaryotic cell lines. These factors are concentration-dependent and largely rely on the vehicle system used to deliver it. Although several silver carboxylate-based formulations like titanium dioxide/ polydimethylsiloxane (TiO2/PDMS) matrix-eluting AgCar have shown promising results in vitro, and could potentially be utilized independently or in conjunction with current and future antimicrobial therapies, there is a need for further in vivo studies to validate their overall safety and efficacy profile.
Study of the Impact of Transcatheter Intracerebral Laser Photobiomodulation Therapy Treatment on Patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Binswanger's Disease
Authors: Maksimovich Ivan
Published: January 2023

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Binswanger's disease (BD) are among the most common neurodegenerative disorders associated with cognitive impairment and dementia. Using energy of lasers with low output power of the red or near-infrared spectrum region called Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT), is an achievement in the development of methods for the treatment of these diseases. Aims: The present study investigates the impact of Transcatheter Intracerebral Laser Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) on the reduction of cognitive, mental impairment and dementia in patients with various Alzheimer's Disease and Binswanger's Disease stages. Methods: For the research, we selected 62 patients suffering from dementia, aged 34-81 (mean age 72.75), 25 men (40.32%), 37 women (59.68%). Test Group 1 - 48 patients previously diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease. According to dementia severity, patients were subdivided: preclinical stage (dementia level TDR-0) - 4, mild stage (dementia level TDR-1) - 16, moderately severe stage (dementia level TDR-2) - 21, severe stage (dementia level TDR-3) - 7. Test Group 2 - 14 patients with previously diagnosed Binswanger's Disease. According to dementia severity, the patients were subdivided: mild stage (dementia level CDR-1) - 9, moderately severe stage (dementia level CDR-2) - 5. All patients underwent Transcatheter Intracerebral Laser Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT). Results: Test Group 1. Thanks to angiogenesis and neurogenesis stimulation using Transcatheter Intracerebral Laser Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT), in all 48 (100%) cases, cerebral blood supply and microcirculation improved, cerebral involutive and atrophic changes decreased. Patients showed persistently decreasing dementia, cognitive and mental abilities improvement. The vast majority began to correspond to the group with a milder disease stage. Test Group 2. Due to angiogenesis and neurogenesis stimulation, all 14 (100%) cases demonstrated stable dementia reduction, restoration of cognitive, mental functions and daily life activities. Conclusion: Transcatheter Intracerebral Laser Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) is an effective, physiologically based method of stimulating cerebral angiogenesis and neurogenesis for Alzheimer's Disease and Binswanger's Disease patients. Due to complex laser exposure, patients show cerebral collateral and capillary revascularization, tissue metabolism improvement and cerebral regenerative processes development. Clinically, this leads to stable dementia level decrease, cognitive functions restoration and improvement in patients’ quality of life. The resulting clinical effect lasts for many years.
The Historical Development of the Pathological Changes in Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Microbiology, Anatomy, and Physiology
Authors: Allen Herbert , Allen Rachel
Published: January 2023

The major pathological changes in Alzheimer’s disease were found in hippocampal specimens from Alzheimer disease patients. We contend that spirochetal bacteria that make biofilms cause these changes. The spirochetal/biofilm complexes induce the changes of note including neurofibrillary tangles, senile plaques, beta amyloid, and atrophy. It has been shown previously that when spirochetes make biofilms, they create beta amyloid simultaneously. When the biofilm is made intracellularly (in the neuron), the beta amyloid that is also produced, interacts with tau protein and converts it to hyperphosphorylated tau. This leads directly to neurofibrillary tangles. Produced extracellularly (outside the neuron), the biofilms, which are coated by beta amyloid, form the senile plaques. The interaction of the biofilm in the senile plaques with the innate immune system molecule Toll-like receptor 2 produces beta amyloid by known pathways. The atrophy, both total and regional, is produced when the neurons disintegrate. All these pathological findings take considerable time that fits with the clinical course of the disease. For instance, it takes up to two years for spirochetes to make a single biofilm. This differs from other microbes such as Chlamydia pneumoniae, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Herpes simplex that make biofilms in minutes. The long time for development therefore fits better with spirochetes compared to other organisms.
Genotoxicity Study of Carboxymethyl Chitosan-based Hydrogel for Clinical Use
Authors: Lee Kwang , Ra Ho , Grogan Shawn , D'Lima Darryl
Published: January 2023

A carboxymethyl chitosan-based hydrogel used for hemostatic and anti-adhesive on wounds was assessed by a genotoxicity test. The hydrogel was assessed for its potential to induce bacterial reverse mutation in the histidine auxotroph strains of Salmonella typhimurium and in the tryptophan auxotroph strain of Escherichia coli WP2uvrA. The study was performed with five bacterial test strains at different concentrations of hydrogel, with a negative control, and with five different types of positive controls, both in the presence and absence of a metabolic activation system. In all test strains used, there was no increase in the number of revertant colonies compared to the negative control at any concentration of test item either in the presence of or in the absence of a metabolic activation system. To evaluate additional genotoxicity of carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel, the chromosome aberration test was performed using a cultured Chinese hamster lung cell line in the absence and presence of a metabolic activation system. The results of the bacterial reverse mutation assay indicated no mutagenic response at the concentration range tested, under the conditions of this study. The chromosome aberration test showed no significant increase of chromosome aberration in cells in metaphase arrest compared to the groups treated with vehicle control. Therefore, the carboxymethyl chitosan-based hydrogel is considered not to induce genotoxicity under the test system utilized.
Hydrocephalus associated to cervical hydromyelia /syringomyelia in domestic carnivores secondary to brain inflammatory conditions: New insights on MR imaging comparing to humans and critical review of the literature
Authors: MUÑOZ Alberto , Marín Pilar , Martínez Pilar
Published: January 2023

Background: Communication or anatomic continuity of the fourth ventricle outlet (FVO) with the central cervical ependymal canal (CCEC) of the spinal cord in both humans and mammals is controversial.   Aim: We hypothesize that in chronic inflammatory brain conditions (CIBC) and in early stages of age this communication can be reopened. For this purpose we have conducted a study to check the potential continuity of FVO with the CCEC of the spinal cord in small domestic carnivores presenting with obstructive hydrocephalus (OH) secondary to CIBC.   Methods: Retrospective neuroradiological evaluation of a case series involving 23 domestic carnivores with CIBC presenting with both OH and cervical hydromyelia/syringomyelia. MR images checked specifically the continuity between the FVO and the CCEC.   Results: There were 18 adult and five young domestic carnivores. Anatomical continuity between the FVO and a dilated CCEC (hydromyelia) could be demonstrated on MR imaging in all young cases but in only 16 % of adult cases.   Conclusions: This study provides additional insights into understanding the relationship between the development of hydrocephalus and hydro/syringomyelia. MRI findings support that domestic carnivores have a virtual CCEC that is connected with the FVO at birth and might disappears over the years in normal, healthy animals, thus explaining hydromyelia in early stages of age rather than syringomyelia, in hydrocephalic conditions. When this anatomical continuity is present, the hydrodynamic theory have a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of hydromyelia. If not (most adult cases) other mechanisms may be activated and lead to spinal cord syringomyelia. Key words: CNS, inflammatory diseases; CNS, animal diseases; Hydromyelia; Syringomyelia; MR imaging, hydromyelia; MR imaging, syringomyelia; MR imaging, obstructive hydrocephalus;
Nasal Decolonization to Reduce Surgical Site Infections
Authors: Septimus Edward
Published: January 2023

Background: Surgical site infections is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections. Staphylococcus aureus remains the most common etiologic agent causing surgical site infections. Studies confirm Staphylococcus aureus carriage increases the risk of Staphylococcus aureus surgical site infections. The purpose of this paper is to review the strategies to reduce surgical site infections due to Staphylococcus aureus focusing on nasal decolonization.   Results: Published studies indicate screening patients for Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and decolonizing carriers during the preoperative period decreases the risk of S aureus surgical site infections in cardiac and orthopedic surgery. Most studies use combined chlorhexidene bathing and mupirocin for patients colonized with Staphylococcus aureus since colonization of multiple body sites is common and combination chlorhexidene bathing and intranasal mupirocin has been shown to be more effective at eradicating Staphylococcus aureus colonization. Mupirocin remains the best topical agent at eradicating nasal Staphylococcus aureus. Mupirocin has been shown to eliminate nasal colonization by over 90% with a five-day course, however, concerns over resistance have led to development of alternative agents. Nasal povidone-iodine, alcohol-based nasal antiseptic, and photodynamic therapy are promising new interventions, but more studies are needed.   Conclusions: Short term nasal mupirocin is still the most studied and effective topical agent in eradicating Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization. However, increasing mupirocin resistance remains an ongoing concern and newer agents are needed. Keywords: nasal decolonization, surgical site infections, mupirocin, healthcare-associated infections
Management of midline diastema in an orthodontic retreatment case: A novel technique
Authors: Shivaram Nemani , Annamaneni Rakesh Rao , Manne Ranjit Kumar
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this article was to describe the closure of a maxillary midline diastema that had reopened after breakage of retainers and presenting with a notable amount of root resorption. Treatment was done by placing Begg brackets and elastics on the lingual aspect of upper anterior teeth, and completed in a period of 1 month.
Veau’s group IV Cleft: A case report
Authors: Khattri Shantanu , Bhardwaj Madhvi
Published: January 2023

The case report demonstrates treatment of Group 4 cleft under Veau’s Classification of cleft lip and palate. The patient had complete cleft palate, displaced premaxilla, bilateral cleft alveolus, repaired bilateral cleft lip, bilateral posterior crossbite and severe crowding in maxillary arch.A 18 year old male reported with forwardly placed premaxilla , severe crowding in maxillary arch. Therefore treatment was planned to make a 3D printed model of the maxillary arch for proper treatment plan. To relive severe crowding with modified Transpalatal Arch, followed by expansion of maxillary arch and to achieve proper occlusion with fixed orthodontic treatment. After achievement of proper leveling and alignment fixed prosthesis was planned to achieve desired aesthetics.
Ação antibacteriana do linalol contra Klebsiella pneumoniae e suas interações com a ATP sintase in silico
Authors: Silva Françueuda Alves da , Lustosa Eliane Alves , Rodrigues Gislaine Da Silva , Oliveira Filho Abrahão Alves de , Medeiros Cássio Ilan Soares
Published: January 2023

As infecções bacterianas e a resistência antimicrobiana, particularmente de Klebsiella pneumoniae, continuam sendo algumas das questões mais desafiadoras que ameaçam a saúde das pessoas em todo o mundo. Compostos naturais derivados de plantas têm recebido atenção considerável por seu papel como potencial antibacteriano e para mitigar a resistência a antibióticos. Entre esses compostos, identificou-se o linalol, importante metabólito secundário, encontrado em grande variedade de plantas, e que apresenta diversas propriedades farmacológicas, incluindo atividade antibacteriana. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo investigar, por meio do docking molecular, a atividade antibacteriana do linalol contra Klebsiella pneumoniae e suas interações com a ATP sintase. Neste trabalho, foram realizados ensaios in vitro, aplicando-se a técnica de microdiluição em caldo, obtendo-se a concentração inibitória e bactericida mínima (CIM e CBM). O procedimento adotado para o docking molecular foi o de ancoramento com a proteína rígida e os ligantes flexíveis. As análises in vitro mostraram que o linalol teve efeito bactericida contra K. pneumoniae na concentração de 256 µg/mL. O docking molecular revelou que o linalol interage com o centro ativo da subunidade B da ATP sintase, com energia de ligação ΔΕ = -3,63 kcal/mol. Neste estudo foi demonstrado que o linalol é uma molécula capaz de induzir a morte bacteriana e que, preditivamente, esse efeito possivelmente ocorre por interrupção na síntese de ATP.
Elementos discursivos e estéticos em textos de divulgação científica
Authors: Oliveira Silvania Silva de , Silveira Thiago Araújo da , Araújo Monica Lopes Folena
Published: January 2023

Os textos de divulgação científica (TDC) são partes integrantes da divulgação científica (DC), cujas releituras e reescritas estão direcionadas a um público-alvo não especialista. À vista disso, o discurso jornalístico, presente em revistas de DC, é o grande responsável pelo estabelecimento de uma aproximação com o público leitor. A partir disso, este artigo objetivou analisar os elementos discursivos e estéticos dos TDC da revista Superinteressante, na seção Oráculo, em todas as edições compreendidas entre janeiro e dezembro de 2021. O “Oráculo” é um personagem responsável por responder perguntas realizadas por leitores que buscam, por meio de uma curiosidade genuína, compreender fenômenos naturais mediante um contato direto com os editores da revista. Foi obtido um total de 69 textos da subseção Ciência, da qual foram desconsideradas duas perguntas que não se enquadram dentro do objetivo da pesquisa, e acrescentada, complementarmente, a subseção Ciência e História pelo caráter interdisciplinar proposto pela revista. A abordagem adotada identificou, em primeiro plano, questões relativas ao apelo inicial à leitura e recursos à atratividade; em seguida, foram evidenciados componentes relacionados à recuperação de conhecimentos tácitos, busca de credibilidade e área de conhecimento. Como forma de tratamento dos dados, realizou-se a Análise de Conteúdo, a partir da qual foram estabelecidas categorias teóricas, que emergiram do referencial teórico utilizado pela pesquisa, e categorias empíricas, que surgiram dos próprios dados após uma leitura minuciosa do material, permitindo uma análise mais coerente dos textos pesquisados. Mostra-se, por fim, a contribuição da seção Oráculo enquanto fonte de informação pautada no interesse genuíno de leitores por meio de seus questionamentos e no relacionamento direto com os autores da revista, fomentando um crescente interesse das pessoas pela ciência.
Człowiek – dziecko – osoba fizyczna. Pojęcia ugruntowane w prawie cywilnym czy wymagające redefiniowania?
Authors: Biały Aneta , Kaczka Paweł
Published: January 2023

W którym momencie możemy mówić o początku osoby fizycznej – czy to rzeczywiście moment narodzin i co oznacza koniec istnienia osoby – czy też należy uznać, że jest to moment śmierci? W prezentowanym artykule autorzy odpowiadają na te dwa pytania, co wymagało poddania analizie pojęć, takich jak: człowiek, dziecko, nasciturus, a wreszcie także osoba fizyczna zdefiniowana w polskim prawie cywilnym. Z drugiej strony, z uwagi na fakt, że pojęcie osoby fizycznej nie funkcjonuje wyłącznie w obszarze prawa prywatnego, autorzy odwołują się również w niezbędnym zakresie m.in. do prawa karnego i konstytucyjnego, co jest zamierzonym działaniem mającym na celu ukazanie oddziaływania na inne obszary prawa i jednocześnie uwypuklenie doniosłości poruszanej problematyki. Należy jednak zaznaczyć, że podstawowym analizowanym zakresem jest jednak prawo prywatne.

Z oczywistych względów w opracowaniu pojęcia te były analizowane nie tylko z perspektywy prawnej, ale także medycznej i aksjologicznej. Nie sposób odpowiedzieć na postawione pytania bez odniesienia do nauk biologicznych czy poglądów filozoficznych, ponieważ omawiana kwestia nie dotyczy tylko obszaru nauk prawnych, ale ze względu na swoje znaczenie praktyczne obejmuje szeroki obszar badawczy. Jedynie tytułem przykładu – nie da się określić momentu śmierci człowieka bez odniesienia do osiągnięć medycyny w tym zakresie. Dodatkowo autorzy dokonali próby odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy art. 8 § 1 k.c. pozwala na jednoznaczny wniosek, że skoro każda osoba ma zdolność prawną od chwili urodzenia, to moment ten należy utożsamiać z uzyskaniem statusu osoby fizycznej.
Status zwłok ludzkich w przypadku przyznania osobowości osobom zmarłym
Authors: Najman Michał
Published: January 2023

Rozważając kwestię pośmiertnej ochrony człowieka, należy dokonać rozróżnienia na dwojaki rodzaj środków prawnych taką ochronę gwarantujących. Pierwsza grupa odnosi się do ochrony dóbr niezwiązanych z materialnymi pozostałościami po śmierci osoby ludzkiej, jak np. dobre imię, wizerunek, tajemnica korespondencji. Druga z kolei służy do zapewnienia ochrony zwłok lub szczątków ludzkich oraz miejsca ich spoczynku, a także rzeczy w nim lub na nim pozostawionych. Warto zwrócić uwagę na fakt nieporównywalnie szerszego katalogu środków ochrony, w tym przede wszystkim na gruncie prawa karnego, w tej ostatniej grupie. Zwłoki ludzkie chronione są nie tylko w aspekcie ich integralności i nietykalności, ale również jako dowody w postępowaniu wyjaśniającym, jako potencjalny obiekt medyczny, kultu religijnego, a nawet obiekt seksualny (np. w regulacji meksykańskiej). Powstaje zatem pytanie: dlaczego pośmiertna ochrona dóbr osobistych jednostki jest tak nierównomierna; dlaczego większą wagę przypisuje się protekcji ciała zmarłej osoby niż dobrom, które znacznie dłużej żyją wśród ludzi? Aby na nie odpowiedzieć, jak się wydaje, należy w pierwszej kolejności ustalić czym są zwłoki ludzkie oraz czy ich status prawny nie ulegnie zmianie w przypadku przyznania osobowości prawnej osobom zmarłym. W tym kontekście, jak się wydaje, zwłoki ludzkie traktować należy jako corpus mechanicus osoby zmarłej, tak jak ciało ludzkie jest corpus mechanicus osoby fizycznej. Pozwoli to uświadomić szerszemu gronu odbiorców konieczność pośmiertnej ochrony dóbr innych niż te związane z cielesnością człowieka, a tym samym przyczynić się może do rozwoju społecznego i większej aktywizacji osób starszych w życiu społecznym.
Ewolucja norm prawnych dotyczących osoby sędziego przed Kodeksem Prawa Kanonicznego z 1917 roku
Authors: Bartczak Adam
Published: January 2023

Sędzia jest podmiotem, który stosuje prawo. To on rozstrzyga sprawy sądowe. Historia Kościoła pokazuje, że już od samego początku mieliśmy do czynienia z koniecznością rozwiązywania różnego rodzaju spraw i sporów. Prawo kanoniczne na przestrzeni wieków rozwijało się i ewoluowało. Prawo procesowe rozwijało się stopniowo. Osoba sędziego wpisuje się w ten rozwój. Początkowo, jak wskazują źródła prawa, sędzią kościelnym był biskup. Z czasem władza sądzenia przeszła w ręce innych księży, których wskazywał biskup. Tak powstaje urząd wikariusza sądowego (oficjała). Na Soborze Trydenckim mowa jest już o tzw. sędziach synodalnych i prosynodalnych.
Świadczenie przez Kościół partykularny pomocy duszpastersko-prawnej małżonkom rozwiedzionym na przykładzie archidiecezji Trani–Barletta–Bisceglie i archidiecezji Pescara–Penne
Authors: Góralski Wojciech
Published: January 2023

W Motu proprio Mitis Iudex Dominus Iesus z 15 sierpnia 2015 r. Franciszek przypomniał biskupom diecezjalnym, że zgodnie z kan. 383 § 1 KPK obowiązani są do opieki nad małżonkami pozostającymi w separacji lub rozwiedzionymi. Troska ustawodawcy o łatwy dostęp do pomocy prawnej i duszpasterskiej dla rozwiedzionych małżonków znajduje odzwierciedlenie w wielu inicjatywach mających na celu towarzyszenie takim osobom w ich życiu i ułatwienie dostępu do sądu. Włoskie archidiecezje Trani–Barletta–Bisceglie i Pescara–Penne są przykładami pożytecznych inicjatyw, które mają pomóc rozwiedzionym małżonkom w rozeznaniu ich sytuacji życiowej oraz we wniesieniu powództwa o unieważnienie małżeństwa. Podjęto tam cenne instytucjonalne formy pomocy tym małżonkom.
Przestępstwo dobrowolnego i bezprawnego porzucenia świętej posługi przez duchownego w Kodeksie Prawa Kanonicznego z 1983 roku
Authors: Kaleta Paweł
Published: January 2023

Ustawodawca w kan. 1392 penalizuje przestępstwo porzucenia świętej posługi. Jest to nowa regulacja prawna, która nie ma swojego odpowiednika ani w KKKW, ani w KPK/17. Podmiotem popełnienia przestępstwa jest duchowny. Biorąc pod uwagę trzystopniowy sakrament święceń odnosi się ono do diakona, prezbitera oraz biskupa. Przedmiotem zaś przestępstwa jest umyślne opuszczenie świętej posługi, której celem jest uwolnienie się spod właściwej władzy kościelnej. Autor zwraca uwagę na wszystkie cztery wymagania, aby można zastosować sankcję karną. Do wymagań tych należy: 1) dobrowolne porzucenie świętej posługi; 2) nielegalne porzucenie świętej posługi; 3) zamiar uwolnienia się spod kompetentnej władzy kościelnej oraz 4) sześciomiesięczny, nieprzerwany upływ czasu.
Barriers of health equity in the Iranian health system from the medical ethics viewpoint
Authors: Nezamoleslami Davoud , Mohamadi Efat , Larijani Bagher , Olyaeemanesh Alireza , Ebrahimi Tavani Masoumeh , Rashidpouraie Roya , Sadat Bathaei Fataneh
Published: January 2023

In order to lessen health inequalities, the obstacles to health equity will need to be identified. This study aimed at investigating the barriers to access to health-care services from the medical ethics point of view.
Data were collected through a qualitative study by performing semi- structured interviews. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants involved in health provision and/or management. Content analysis was done using MAXQDA software.
Overall, 30 interviews were conducted. The content analysis of the interviews identified two themes including “micro factors” and “macro factors”, five sub-themes including “cultural, financial, geographical, social and religious barriers”, and 44 codes. Based on our findings, differences in individuals’ perceptions, cultural control, religious beliefs and social stigmas create cultural barriers. Financial barriers consist of the financial connection between service recipients and service providers, insurance premiums, and inadequate coverage of health-care services.
The most important geographical barriers identified in our study were differences in urbanization, inequality in various geographical areas, marginalization, and inequality in resource distribution. Finally, differences in the level of income, education and occupational diversity were among the social barriers.
Given the wide range of barriers to access to health-care services, a comprehensive plan covering various dimensions of health equity should be implemented. To this end, innovative and progressive strategies emphasizing the principles of equity and social equality should be developed.
Feasibility of Boiler Implementation in the Production Process of a Cosmetic Industry
Authors: Marques Roni Júnior Simplício , Campos Júlio César Costa , Tibiriçá Álvaro Messias Bigonha , Rezende Vanderson da Silva , Siqueira Antonio Marcos de Oliveira
Published: January 2023

Este trabalho tem por finalidade apresentar um estudo da viabilidade de implementação de uma caldeira de geração de vapor no processo produtivo de uma fábrica de cosméticos capilares. Para isso foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica das variáveis que influenciam no processo. Posteriormente um estudo de caso com coleta e tratamento de dados e informações fornecidas pela fábrica foi obtido. Calculou-se a demanda energética mensal da fábrica e o custo do atual processo para manutenção das produções e comparou-se os resultados encontrados com o processo que se deseja implementar. Para a tomada de decisão de implementação, levando-se e consideração o retorno financeiro do investimento do projeto, utilizou-se as ferramentas matemáticas do Valor Presente Líquido – VPL e payback. A redução da quantidade de energia consumida na fábrica é de suma importância para seu desenvolvimento sustentável a fim de reduzir os gastos e contribuir economicamente para um melhor custo-benefício de operacionalização, tendo em vista as altas taxas de custo de energia elétrica no Brasil. O projeto de implementação da caldeira alcançou resultados diferentes dos previstos inicialmente, no entanto, conseguiu-se uma alternativa economicamente satisfatória para a fábrica.
A escola como objeto de pesquisa histórica na (e sobre) a região de Carajás: notas iniciais
Authors: Cavalcanti Erinaldo Vicente
Published: January 2023

A região de Carajás é caracterizada como uma unidade distinta no espaço do bioma Amazônia pelo fato de que nela processos históricos e sociais construíram uma miríade particular de relações e de práticas sociais relacionadas a diferentes atividades econômicas como a pecuária e a extração vegetal e mineral. Se, por um lado, tais relações e atividades impactaram e formataram uma configuração particular nas histórias construídas na referida região, por outro, sabemos que as experiências históricas são múltiplas e se desdobram em diferentes formas de viver, sentir e relatar. Por conseguinte, compreender os diferentes relatos, além daqueles associados às atividades econômicas, podem oferecer importantes leituras sobre um conjunto variado de práticas e relações vivenciadas em diferentes espaços e por distintos sujeitos que contribuíram e contribuem para imprimir uma dada construção para a região de Carajás. O artigo analisa algumas possiblidades de estudos acerca da região de Carajás problematizando a escola como espaço de produção de saber e construção de relatos que concorreram e concorrem para a elaboração da própria região. Como metodologia, se recorre aos procedimentos qualitativos através da bibliografia especializada e dos documentos mobilizados. Por meio das reflexões produzidas, se defende a potencialidade de apreender a escola como espaço produtor de disputas narrativas na e sobre a formação da região de Carajás.
O conhecimento ribeirinho que vêm do igapó: Plantas consumidas por quelônios (Podocnemis spp.) no rio Andirá, Amazonas, Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Paulo Henrique Guimarães de , Silva José Ferreira da , Andrade Paulo Cesar Machado , Arruda Joari Costa de , Lima Aldeniza Cardoso de
Published: January 2023

Alimentos vegetais podem representar mais de 90% da dieta das espécies de tartarugas aquáticas podocnemis. Grande parte desses alimentos vêm das florestas de várzea ou igapós, morada dos ribeirinhos que dominam o conhecimento das plantas, e também é habitat dos quelônios que as usam como alimento. Portanto, entrevistamos 39 ribeirinhos no período de 2019 a 2021, nas comunidades Granja e Piraí, Barreirinha, Amazonas. Com o objetivo de conhecer as plantas consumidas pelas tartarugas, através do saber tradicional dos ribeirinhos. Utilizando técnicas de pesquisa etnobiologica, usando métodos qualitativos e quantitativos de coleta dos dados: bola de neve, lista livre com análise do índice de Smith e rede social. Nas entrevistas foram indicadas 83 etnoespécies, catalogamos 59 espécies, distribuídas em 55 gêneros e 29 famílias botânicas. O capitarí (Handroanthus barbatus) apresentou maior índice de Smith, portanto foi a mais conhecida, seguido do tucuribá (Couepia paraensis), marajá (Bactris riparia), camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) e o jauari (Astrocaryum jauari). Destacamos as famílias Fabaceae, Myrtaceae e Arecaceae por comtemplarem mais espécies indicadas. Dentre as plantas que catalogamos, as previamente descritas para as espécies de podocnemis na literatura pertenciam a 22 famílias (76%), 26 gêneros (47%) e 30 espécies (51%). Assim, 24% das espécies referem-se ao primeiro registro desses itens alimentares na dieta desses quelônios. Os conhecimentos tradicionais dos ribeirinhos devem ser considerados como informações prioritárias na formulação de estratégias de manutenção e restauração das florestas riparias, para conservação das populações de podocnemidídeos, orientando as legislações para que garantam a conservação dos sistemas sociobiodiversos considerando também o saber do caboclo ribeirinho.
Proposal for a technological offer in sustainable high mountain livestock in Colombia, using bio-recycler dung beetles
Authors: Uribe Claudia Alejandra Medina , Cardona Felipe Garcia
Published: January 2023

A partir do Instituto Humboldt, estão sendo realizadas pesquisas que relacionam a diversidade e a atividade funcional dos escaravelhos biorrecicladores (Scarabaeinae)  e  os  benefícios  para a pecuária, com o objetivo de desenhar uma proposta de oferta tecnológica    em    pecuária   sustentável. O   piloto   de pesquisa foi realizado na fazenda Chuguaca; Fazendas de gado normando para produção de leite na zona andina central da Colômbia. A   diversidade   de   besouros foi caracterizada por amostragem com armadilhas com isca, e com terrários foi monitorizado o ciclo de vida de três espécies: Homocopris achamas, Ontherus brevicollis e Onthophagus curvicornis. Seis espécies de Scarabaeinae foram registradas, três de lãs com alta atividade em pastagens. A não utilização de ivermectina aumentou notavelmente a atividade dos besouros no estrume. O interesse e curiosidade investigativa que o projeto tem despertado nos proprietários, trabalhadores, técnicos e visitantes da quinta, é essencial para o sucesso no caminho de uma produção pecuária mais amiga do ambiente.
A VIDA NUA EM "O QUARTO DE DESPEJO" DE CAROLINA MARIA DE JESUS
Authors: AYRES Bruna Escalante
Published: January 2023

The main objective of this article is to briefly analyze and bring some contributions about the words of Carolina de Jesus in the work Quarto de despejo: Diário de uma favelada. To achieve this feat, we seek to support ourselves in the theoretical-critical reflections of Villanueva (1991), Massud Moisés (1974), Lejeune (1973), Giorgio Aganbem (2002) among other authors, to address the themes, state of exception and biopolitics , lack of dignity, violence and writing as a form of social denunciation. Thus, we conclude that the work brings social denunciation as the main theme and there is a reduction of bare life to a mere biological condition.Keywords: Bare life. Dump room. Carolina Maria de Jesus.
QUE SUJEITOS SÃO CONDENADOS NESSE TRABALHO DE MEMÓRIA? INQUIETAÇÕES SOBRE PALAVRAS CRUZADAS, DE GUIOMAR DE GRAMMONT
Authors: SILVA Luiza Helena Oliveira da
Published: January 2023

This article deals with fictional texts that thematize the Guerrilha do Araguaia, a movement that responded to the massacre of PCdoB militants who wanted a peasant-based revolution from the north of the country, promoting the overthrow of the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985). It deals with the work of memory that operates on the archive, constituting literature also as an archive, serving, therefore, for the production of meanings for the recent past of the country. Part of the productions that thematize it are analyzed here, with more attention to Guiomar de Grammont's novel, Palavras Cruzas. With a text whose main characteristic is the explicitness of polyphony, the author seems to intend to build a more objective picture of the events, sanctioning the two sides involved in the confrontation. By rallying different voices, it ends up, finally, aligning itself with those who condemn the subjects who acted in the political resistance to the dictatorship.