bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suppression of Nrf2 Activity by Chestnut Leaf Extract Increases Chemosensitivity of Breast Cancer Stem Cells to Paclitaxel
Authors: Woo Yaejin , Oh Jisun , Kim Jong-Sang
Published: July 2017

Due to metastatic potential and drug resistance, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have become a critical target for the development of chemotherapeutic agents. Recent studies showed that CSCs highly express NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant enzymes and thereby retain relatively low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Since anticancer agents usually utilize ROS as an arsenal for killing cancer cells, we hypothesized that inhibition of Nrf2 activity could increase the sensitivity of CSCs to anticancer drugs, and thus enhancing their therapeutic efficacy. We found that MCF-7-derived CSCs with a CD44high/CD24low phenotype formed mammospheres and highly expressed Nrf2 compared to the adherent parental MCF-7 cells. In a separate experiment, we screened 89 different edible plant extracts for inhibitory activity against the Nrf2 signaling pathway by using an antioxidant response element (ARE)-luciferase assay system. Among those extracts, Castanea crenata (chestnut) leaf extract significantly decreased the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and protein expression of antioxidant enzymes in MCF-7-derived CSCs. The combined treatment of the CSCs with chestnut leaf extract and paclitaxel resulted in more effective cell death than the treatment with paclitaxel alone. These findings suggest that the chestnut leaf extract or its constituents could increase the susceptibility of breast CSCs to an anticancer drug, paclitaxel, through inhibition of the Nrf2 signaling pathway, and could be utilized as an adjuvant for chemotherapy.
Carbonic Anhydrase from Porphyromonas Gingivalis as a Drug Target
Authors: Supuran Claudiu , Capasso Clemente
Published: July 2017

Periodontitis originates from a microbial synergy causing the development of a mouth microbial imbalance (dysbiosis), consisting of a microbial community composed of anaerobic bacteria. Most studies concerning the treatment of periodontitis have primarily take into account the Gram-negative bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis, because it is a prominent component of the oral microbiome and a successful colonizer of the oral epithelium. Here, we focus our attention on the study of the carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) encoded in the genome of this pathogen as a possible drug target. Carbonic anhydrases are a superfamily of metalloenzymes, which catalyze the simple but physiologically crucial reaction of carbon dioxide hydration to bicarbonate and protons. Bacterial CAs have attracted significant attention for affecting the survival, invasion, and pathogenicity of many microorganisms. The P. gingivalis genome encodes for two CAs belonging to β-CA (PgiCAβ) and γ-CA (PgiCAγ) families. These two enzymes were cloned, heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified to homogeneity. Moreover, they were subject to extensive inhibition studies using the classical CA inhibitors (sulfonamides and anions) with the aim of identifying selective inhibitors of PgiCAβ and PgiCAγ to be used as pharmacological tools for P. gingivalis eradication.
Staphylococcus aureus Regulator Sigma B is Important to Develop Chronic Infections in Hematogenous Murine Osteomyelitis Model
Authors: Tuchscherr Lorena , Geraci Jennifer , Löffler Bettina
Published: July 2017

Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen causing bone infections that can become chronic and difficult to treat. Recently, we described the mechanism employed by S. aureus to switch to small colony variants (SCVs) and trigger intracellular bacterial persistence through the global stress regulator SigB. Here, we studied the role of SigB in the formation of chronic osteomyelitis. We used a murine hematogenous osteomyelitis model, where the mice were infected via the tail vein and subsequently developed chronic osteomyelitis. Mice were infected with S. aureus LS1, LS1ΔsigB and LS1ΔsigB complemented and kidney and bone tissues were analyzed six weeks after infection. S. aureus LS1ΔsigB formed a high rate of abscesses in kidneys, but the bacterial loads and the weight loss of the animals were lower in comparison with animals infected with the wild type and the complemented strain, indicating a more rapid and efficient bacterial clearing by the host immune system. Moreover, the sigB-mutant was not able to form SCV phenotypes either in kidney or in bone tissue. Our results demonstrate that staphylococcal SigB is important to avoid bacterial elimination by the host immune response, establish a bone infection and mediate bacterial adaptation (SCV-formation) for persistent infections
“Living” Polymerization of Ethylene and 1-Hexene Using Novel Binuclear Pd–Diimine Catalysts
Authors: Ye Jianding , Ye Zhibin
Published: July 2017

We report the synthesis of two novel binuclear Pd–diimine catalysts and their unique behaviors in initiating “living” polymerization of ethylene and 1-hexene. These two binuclear catalysts, [(N^N)Pd(CH2)3C(O)O(CH2)mO(O)C(CH2)3Pd(N^N)](SbF6)2 (3a: m = 4, 3b: m = 6) (N^N≡ArN=C(Me)–(Me)C=NAr, Ar≡2,6–(iPr)2C6H3), were synthesized by simply reacting [(N^N)Pd(CH3)(N≡CMe)]SbF6 (1) with diacrylates, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate and 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, respectively. Their unique binuclear structure with two identical Pd–diimine acrylate chelates covalently linked together through an ester linkage was confirmed by NMR and single crystal XRD measurements. Ethylene “living” polymerizations were carried out at 5 °C and under ethylene pressure of 400 and 100 psi, respectively, with the binuclear catalysts, along with a mononuclear chelate catalyst, [(N^N)Pd(CH2)3C(O)OMe]SbF6 (2), for comparison. All the polyethylenes produced with both binuclear catalysts show bimodal molecular weight distribution with the number-average molecular weight of the higher molecular weight portion being approximately twice that of the lower molecular weight portion. The results demonstrate the presence of monofunctional chain growing species resembling catalyst 2, in addition to the expected bifunctional species leading to bifunctional “living” polymerization, in the polymerization systems. Both types of chain growing species exhibit “living” characteristics under the studied conditions, leading to the simultaneous linear increase of molecular weight in both portions. However, when applied for the “living” polymerization of 1-hexene, the binuclear catalyst 3a leads to polymers with only monomodal molecular weight distribution, indicating the sole presence of monofunctional chain growing species. These two binuclear catalysts are the first Pd–diimine catalysts capable of initiating bifunctional ethylene “living” polymerization.
Super-Resolution Reconstruction of Remote Sensing Images Using Multiple-Point Statistics and Isometric Mapping
Authors: Zhang Ting , Du Yi , Lu Fangfang
Published: July 2017

When using coarse-resolution remote sensing images, super-resolution reconstruction is widely desired, and can be realized by reproducing the intrinsic features from a set of coarse-resolution fraction data to fine-resolution remote sensing images that are consistent with the coarse fraction information. Prior models of spatial structures that encode the expected features at the fine (target) resolution are helpful to constrain the spatial patterns of remote sensing images to be generated at that resolution. These prior models can be used properly by multiple-point statistics (MPS), capable of extracting the intrinsic features of patterns from prior models such as training images, and copying them to the simulated regions using hard and soft conditional data, or even without any conditional data. However, because traditional MPS methods based on linear dimensionality reduction are not suitable to deal with nonlinear data, and isometric mapping (ISOMAP) can reduce the dimensionality of nonlinear data effectively, this paper presents a sequential simulation framework for generating super-resolution remote sensing images using ISOMAP and MPS. Using four different examples, it is demonstrated that the structural characteristics of super-resolution reconstruction of remote sensing images using this method, are similar to those of training images.
Stormwater Management toward Water Supply at the Community Scale—A Case Study in Northern Taiwan
Authors: Li Yuan-Hua , Tung Ching-Pin , Chen Pei-Yuan
Published: July 2017

Adaptation measures are necessary for reducing the impacts of extreme climatic events, especially at the community scale. Constructed wetlands and rainwater harvesting systems are commonly used as on-site water supply systems for distributed adaptation. The purpose of this study is to build a community water supply model and to evaluate the performance of low impact development (LID) modules as water supply facilities. The community water supply model simulates four water balances, namely, household storage, the constructed wetland, the rainwater harvesting system, and paddy fields. Three performance indicators are utilized, namely, the water saving efficiency, tolerance duration, and water use efficiency. The results show that the rainwater harvesting system saves up to 25.8% of the total domestic water demand, and the constructed wetland saves up to 40% of the irrigation water demand in Xingshi Village, located in northern Taiwan. In conclusion, the constructed wetland and rainwater harvesting system are good candidates for on-site water supply systems at the community scale. However, constructing a community water supply system requires more study, including a climate change risk assessment and the optimization of adaptation measures.
Optimal Environmental Regulation Intensity of Manufacturing Technology Innovation in View of Pollution Heterogeneity
Authors: Cao Yu-Hong , You Jian-Xin , Liu Hu-Chen
Published: July 2017

Based on panel data of 28 manufacturing industries sectors in 2005–2015 years, this paper first estimated the level of 28 manufacturing industries sectors technological progress, and then, using panel threshold technology, calculated the impact of three environmental regulation change rates on technological progress change rate to analyze the relationship between environmental regulations and technology innovation. The results show that: (1) The influence of the change rates of waste gas, wastewater and solid waste’s environmental regulation intensity towards the change rate of production technological progress has two thresholds. Only the proper change rate of environmental regulation intensity can lead to a desired change rate of production technological progress. However, there are differences in the thresholds of the change rates of three kinds of environmental regulation intensities, and the optimal change rates of waste gas, wastewater and waste solid are 15.07%–55.31%, 17.06%–38.02% and 33.12%–47.99%, respectively. (2) In the change rates of waste gas, wastewater and waste solid’s environmental regulation intensity, there are 8, 10 and 3 industries at a reasonable level, respectively, while others industries are below or above the reasonable level and unable to stimulate technical and management innovation in enterprises. Hence, to achieve a win-win situation between environmental protection and production technological progress, different environmental regulation intensities should be planned according to different pollutants in various manufacturing industries.
Spatiotemporal Decoupling between Population and Construction Land in Urban and Rural Hubei Province
Authors: Wang Chengcheng , Liu Yanfang , Kong Xuesong , Li Jiwei
Published: July 2017

In urban and rural areas under rapid urbanization, a proper understanding of the relationship between population and construction land use is important for regional sustainable development. The decoupling method is a particularly useful way to examine this relationship. However, the decoupling method only considers the current relationship between population and construction land, ignoring the initial status in the base year. Based on an improved decoupling model, vector land-use data (1:10,000 scale) from two National Land Investigations, and demographic data from the China Statistics Bureau, this paper analyzes population and construction land use change patterns as well as the types of coupling in urban and rural Hubei. The results better reflect the relationship between population and construction land use. The outcomes show that from 2009 to 2014, both the urban population and urban construction land use increased while the rural population decreased as rural settlement land use expanded. In 61 counties, the relationship between the urban population and construction land use showed expansive negative decoupling; that is, the growth rate of urban population was less than the growth rate of the urban construction land use. In 72 counties, the relationship between the rural population and rural settlement land showed a strong negative decoupling; that is, the rural population decreased while the rural settlement land use increased. The relationship between the urban–rural population and construction land use can be divided into eight types. Only nine counties are somewhat coordinated, while the other counties were all uncoordinated. Suggestions are provided by comparing per capita urban construction land and per capita rural settlement land in the base and current years with the national standard and considering the coupling types for population and construction land use change in urban and rural settings. Finally, we discuss approaches to optimize urban–rural space organization and promote coordinated urban–rural development.
Emerging Fusarium and Alternaria Mycotoxins: Occurrence, Toxicity and Toxicokinetics
Authors: Fraeyman Sophie , Croubels Siska , Devreese Mathias , Antonissen Gunther
Published: July 2017

Emerging Fusarium and Alternaria mycotoxins gain more and more interest due to their frequent contamination of food and feed, although in vivo toxicity and toxicokinetic data are limited. Whereas the Fusarium mycotoxins beauvericin, moniliformin and enniatins particularly contaminate grain and grain-based products, Alternaria mycotoxins are also detected in fruits, vegetables and wines. Although contamination levels are usually low (µg/kg range), higher contamination levels of enniatins and tenuazonic acid may occasionally occur. In vitro studies suggest genotoxic effects of enniatins A, A1 and B1, beauvericin, moniliformin, alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, altertoxins and stemphyltoxin-III. Furthermore, in vitro studies suggest immunomodulating effects of most emerging toxins and a reproductive health hazard of alternariol, beauvericin and enniatin B. More in vivo toxicity data on the individual and combined effects of these contaminants on reproductive and immune system in both humans and animals is needed to update the risk evaluation by the European Food Safety Authority. Taking into account new occurrence data for tenuazonic acid, the complete oral bioavailability, the low total body clearance in pigs and broiler chickens and the limited toxicity data, a health risk cannot be completely excluded. Besides, some less known Alternaria toxins, especially the genotoxic altertoxins and stemphyltoxin III, should be incorporated in risk evaluation as well.
Field Studies of Microbial Removal from Stormwater by Bioretention Cells with Fly-Ash Amendment
Authors: Youngblood Sheila , Vogel Jason , Brown Glenn , Storm Daniel , McLemore Alex , Kandel Saroj
Published: July 2017

Microbial pollution in stormwater is a concern in urban areas across the U.S. and is a leading cause of water-quality impairment in the United States. This issue may be addressed through the use of best management practices (BMPs) and target limits for pathogenic indicator species. Bioretention is a commonly used low impact development strategy that addresses this growing pollution problem at the source. Bioretention removal efficiencies have been well studied when considering nutrients and heavy metals, but field-scale treatment data are limited for microbial indicators. The primary objective of this study was to quantify microbial removal by installed bioretention cells with fly-ash amended soils. Three bioretention cells in Grove, Oklahoma were monitored over one and a half years and the removal microbial efficiency was quantified. Overall, removal rates for E. coli, enterococci, and coliphage were highly variable, with mean and standard deviations for removals for each site respectively: E. coli 87%, 35%, and 43%; enterococci 97%, 95%, and 80%; and coliphage 38%, 75%, and 32%. The site with negative removal efficiency appears to have some groundwater intrusion during storm events. Based on this relatively limited data set, these fly-ash amended bioretention cells performed 49% better than those with a sand-only filter media layer currently reported in the literature. Based on this initial field study, it appears that fly-ash amended bioretention cells may be a viable option for enhanced microbial removal from stormwater runoff.
Ontario’s Clean Water Act and Capacity Building: Implications for Serviced Rural Municipalities
Authors: Minnes Sarah
Published: July 2017

This research explores Ontario’s Clean Water Act (S.O. 2006, c. 22) and its contribution to capacity building for rural municipalities impacted by source protection plans created under the Act. Source water protection (SWP) under the Clean Water Act (S.O. 2006, c. 22) is explored drawing from a capacity framework. A nested case study approach has been employed to allow for in depth exploration of the experience within the Cataraqui Source Protection Area and the North Bay-Mattawa Source Protection Area, where key informant interviews were conducted. Findings are outlined looking at four elements of capacity for SWP: institutional, financial, social, and technical/human. It was found that the process was successful for building capacity in the serviced rural municipalities involved, but did not provide any meaningful protection for areas reliant on private drinking water systems such as wells. Several improvements to the legislated process were suggested including greater flexibility for local circumstance and better methods for engagement of First Nations and the general public. It is unknown if this capacity will be sustained as the program continues and provincial funding is reduced. Reduced funding will particularly impact rural communities that lack the internal human and financial capacity to implement SWP policies without the assistance of provincial funding and conservation authority staff (who also rely on provincial/municipal funding sources). Ultimately, it was found that SWP in rural areas requires enforceable mandatory legislation; sustainable provincial funding and municipal fiscal frameworks to support ongoing SWP planning and implementation; technical aid at the regional level; and support and commitment to SWP at the local level (e.g., municipalities, local health units, landowners, residents and watershed users).
Listener Performance with a Novel Hearing Aid Frequency Lowering Technique
Authors: Kirby Benjamin J. , Kopun Judy G. , Spratford Meredith , Mollak Clairissa M. , Brennan Marc A. , McCreery Ryan W.
Published: July 2017

Background:Sloping hearing loss imposes limits on audibility for high-frequency sounds in many hearing aid users. Signal processing algorithms that shift high-frequency sounds to lower frequencies have been introduced in hearing aids to address this challenge by improving audibility
of high-frequency sounds.Purpose:This study examined speech perception performance, listening effort, and subjective sound quality ratings with conventional hearing aid processing and a new frequency-lowering signal processing strategy called frequency composition (FC) in adults and
children.Research Design:Participants wore the study hearing aids in two signal processing conditions (conventional processing versus FC) at an initial laboratory visit and subsequently at home during two approximately six-week long trials, with the order of conditions counterbalanced
across individuals in a double-blind paradigm.Study Sample:Children (N = 12, 7 females, mean age in years = 12.0, SD = 3.0) and adults (N = 12, 6 females, mean age in years = 56.2, SD = 17.6) with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss who were full-time hearing aid users.Data Collection
and Analyses:Individual performance with each type of processing was assessed using speech perception tasks, a measure of listening effort, and subjective sound quality surveys at an initial visit. At the conclusion of each subsequent at-home trial, participants were retested in the laboratory.
Linear mixed effects analyses were completed for each outcome measure with signal processing condition, age group, visit (prehome versus posthome trial), and measures of aided audibility as predictors.Results:Overall, there were few significant differences in speech perception, listening
effort, or subjective sound quality between FC and conventional processing, effects of listener age, or longitudinal changes in performance. Listeners preferred FC to conventional processing on one of six subjective sound quality metrics. Better speech perception performance was consistently
related to higher aided audibility.Conclusions:These results indicate that when high-frequency speech sounds are made audible with conventional processing, speech recognition ability and listening effort are similar between conventional processing and FC. Despite the lack of benefit
to speech perception, some listeners still preferred FC, suggesting that qualitative measures should be considered when evaluating candidacy for this signal processing strategy.
Fillers and Facial Fat Pads
Authors: Wollina Uwe , Goldman Alberto , Tchernev Georgi
Published: July 2017

Fillers are used for facial sculpturing and anti-ageing treatments with increasing popularity. The optimal outcome of any filler treatment depends upon different factors: exact indication, known limitations, filler product, and filler placement. For volumizing effect and longevity of procedures, however, the interaction of fillers and facial fat pads seems to be crucial. Here, we will review the optimum filler injections for facial applications in relationship to new data and concepts concerning facial fat pads anatomy and physiology. Such a view will us enable to provide optimum results in aesthetic procedures.
L’évolution des approches du décrochage scolaire
Authors: Bruno Françoise , Félix Christine , Saujat Frédéric
Published: July 2017

Dans un contexte de massification de l’enseignement et de difficultés d’insertion sur les marchés du travail, le décrochage scolaire constitue un problème majeur des systèmes scolaires dans les pays développés. Dans le cadre d’une recherche clinique sur le développement professionnel d’enseignants confrontés au risque de décrochage dans un collège français, cette revue de littérature recense les travaux de recherches des vingt dernières années concernant les approches descriptives de ce phénomène et le repérage des élèves à risque en Amérique du Nord, Europe et Océanie. D’une vision statique à une compréhension dynamique du décrochage, l’intérêt de l’approche par facteurs de risque et facteurs de protection est discuté, pour envisager une compréhension de l’abandon scolaire plus « écologique », située et davantage axée sur l’activité des individus en lien avec les contextes dans lesquels ils évoluent.
D’une loi d’avant-garde contre la violence de genre à l’expérience pénale des femmes : le paradoxe espagnol ?
Authors: Vila Glòria Casas
Published: July 2017

Cet article porte sur l’application de la Loi Organique 1/2004 du 28 décembre, dite de Mesures de Protection Intégrale Contre la Violence de Genre en Espagne, qui a introduit d’importantes réformes pénales, civiles et sociales. Dix ans après sa promulgation, nous visons à explorer deux aspects de la loi dans un contexte marqué par les politiques d’austérité. D’abord, nous analysons l’évolution de son implémentation de 2005 à 2015, à l’aide des données statistiques sur la judiciarisation des violences. Ensuite, nous exposons les expériences et les perceptions subjectives des femmes victimes de la violence de genre vis-à-vis du système pénal. Nous relevons les paradoxes dans l’application de cette loi ainsi que les obstacles pour que les femmes accèdent à la justice.
La difficile mise en œuvre d’une politique du genre par l’institution policière : le cas des viols conjugaux
Authors: Pérona Océane
Published: July 2017

À partir d’une observation du travail d’un service de Police Judiciaire, cet article souligne les limites de la mise en œuvre de la politique de lutte contre les viols conjugaux par l’institution policière. Il montre la dépréciation dont les enquêtes sur des viols entre conjoints font l’objet de la part des policiers, et expose les raisons de ce désintérêt. L’article permet de mettre en évidence le décalage entre ce type d’enquêtes et le travail d’investigation en Police Judiciaire, tel qu’il est idéalisé par les policiers.
Violences conjugales et regard sur les femmes.
Authors: Mélan Emmanuelle
Published: July 2017

Les diverses approches de la violence conjugale suscitent de nombreux débats sur le plan théorique mais également sur le plan des politiques et des pratiques d’interventions. Mais de quelles violences parle-t-on ? Pour tenter d’y répondre, cet article propose de mettre en discussion deux paradigmes : la symétrie de la violence et la domination. Cette contribution est basée sur un corpus empirique collecté dans une maison d’hébergement belge pour femmes battues et soutient la thèse selon laquelle la violence conjugale est une illustration de la domination patriarcale encore présente dans la société. En s’inscrivant dans cette perspective, l’auteur vient questionner les concepts de pouvoir, de stéréotype, d’émancipation pour ainsi interroger la justice pénale dans ce qu’elle peut produire comme représentations des femmes victimes de violences conjugales.
Destin, Providence et temps cyclique : Quelle liberté pour les personnages de Battlestar Galactica ?
Authors: Périer Isabelle
Published: July 2017

Cet article se propose d’étudier la conception du temps, du destin et de la liberté à l’œuvre dans le reboot par Ronald D. Moore de la série télévisée Battlestar Galactica (Syfy, 2003-2009) en la confrontant à la cosmologie cyclique et providentielle des stoïciens. Dans la mesure où l’intertextualité à l’œuvre dans la série est une manière de représenter les déterminismes internes et externes pesant sur les personnages et de redoubler, par un effet de « déjà-vu », l’impression d’un éternel retour, nous nous appuierons aussi sur une analyse mythocritique pour saisir les enjeux philosophiques et cosmologiques de ce récit, entre destin et liberté.
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration under conscious sedation with meperidine and midazolam
Authors: Agostini Lorenzo , Facciolongo Nicola , Lusuardi Mirco , Casalini Eleonora , Galeone Carla , Lasagni Luciano , Zucchi Luigi
Published: July 2017

Endobronchial Ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is usually performed under general anesthesia or deep sedation with drugs such as Propofol that, at least in Italy, can be administered only by an anesthesiologist. Aim of the study was to assess conscious sedation feasibility, safety and tolerability using Meperidine and Midazolam as administered by Pulmonologist and relevant impact on the efficiency of the sampling procedures.
All patients undergoing EBUS-TBNA from February 2013 to July 2014 were examined retrospectively. Efficiency using Meperidine and Midazolam during EBUS-TBNA has been assessed: completion of lymph-nodal sampling, sampling adequacy, diagnostic yield, cough during endoscopic procedure complications and need for procedure repetition with Anesthesiology assistance. Patient satisfaction and cost/effectiveness were also evaluated. One hundred and thirty-four consecutive patients were considered; 97.7% completed the procedure. In 96.9% of cases the prefixed program of lymph-nodal sampling was accomplished. Sampling adequacy was 92,4%. Diagnostic yield was 55%. In 94.7% of cases cough was absent or did not interfere with EBUS-TBNA. The need to repeat the endoscopic procedure occurred in 6 cases but only in 2 the presence of an Anesthesiologist was required. Patient satisfaction was very high, with 95.9% of subjects reporting they would “definitely return”. A 27% cost reduction was calculated. EBUS-TBNA under conscious sedation using Meperidine and Midazolam prescribed and administered by pulmonologist without the Anesthesiologist assistance, revealed to be a safe, well tolerated and cost saving procedure. The efficiency of sampling was good, apart from a relatively low diagnostic yield due to different expertise of operators.
Kingdom, covenant, and human rights
Authors: Vorster Koos
Published: July 2017

This research revisits the idea of a Christian perspective on human rights. Departing from a hermeneutics of trust, this article considers the concept of human rights from the perspective of revelation history. Revelation history departs from the consent of the parts of Scripture, irrespective of differences in dating, original languages, canonical differentiation, cultural, social and historical contexts. Scripture offers a theological unity consisting of various topics which are developed continuing and purposeful throughout the biblical revelation. Two of the major topics in Scripture as they are revealed by a revelation historical survey are the concepts kingdom of God and the covenant of God with God’s people. In this article these two concepts will be used as a foundation for a Christian theory of human rights both as legal human rights and moral human rights. The central theoretical argument of this investigation is that both the concepts kingdom and covenant are essentially about justice and relationships – the justice of the kingdom and the relation between God and humankind, the relation between people and the relation between humans and creation. These relations are the essence of the rights people have, vis-à-vis the authority of the day and other people. These rights, which deal with the orderly maintenance of relationships, can be formalised in legal human rights and should be nurtured and protected by the civil authorities. Christians and churches as moral agents in society have the calling to promote the idea of human rights in constitutional democracies.
Risk factors and causative organisms of otitis media in children
Authors: Ghonaim Mabrouk , El-Edel Rawhia , Basiony Lamiaa , Al-Zahrani Saad
Published: July 2017

Background: Otitis media (OM) is an important health problem among children. It is the one of the leading causes of bacterial infections and antibiotic prescriptions. Patients and Methods: Three hundred patients with OM [147 with acute suppurative otitis media (ASOM), 80 with secretory otitis media (SOM) and 73 with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM)] ranging in age from 3 months -12 years were investigated for possible risk factors of OM. Age- and sex- matched healthy children served as controls (n=300). Bacteriological examinations were completed for 178 patients (110 with ASOM and 68 with CSOM) with discharge from their ears. Results: Residence in rural areas, artificial feeding, low socioeconomic standard (SES), parental smoking, allergic rhinitis, adenoid hypertrophy, chronic tonsillitis, URTI, LRTI and introduction of foreign body (FB) into ears were major risk factors for the occurrence of OM (P<0.01). Unilateral infection was more significantly (P<0.001) found in ASOM and CSOM, while bilateral infection was more significantly found in SOM (P<0.01). Bacteriological examination showed that the prevailing bacteria in cases of ASOM were S. pneumoniae (24.8%), Staph. aureus (24.8%), P. aeruginosa (15.2%), H. influenzae (9.5%), and S. pyogenes (7.6%). On the other hand, the prevailing bacteria in CSOM were Proteus mirabilis (31%), P. aeruginosa (26.8%), Klebsiella species (14.1%), Staph. aureus (8.5%), and E. coli (5.6%). Conclusion: many risk factors have a role in the occurrence of OM in children and control of these factors may decrease the incidence of this disease. Many bacterial species (S. pneumoniae and Staph. aureus in ASOM and Proteus mirabilis, P. aeruginosa and Klebsiella in CSOM) are the causative organisms of this disease in our locality.
The use of oral sildenafil citrate in hemodialysis patients: A multi-center double-blind placebo-controlled study
Authors: Sataa Sallami , Dakhlia Jamel , Oueslati Baligh , Khemais Klaa
Published: July 2017

Efficacy and safety of oral sildenafil citrate use in hemodialysis patients is not very well documented. We undertook a study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral sildenafil in treating erectile dysfunction in hemodialysis patients. A total of 50 male hemodialysis patients (mean age 49.2 years) with ED were recruited for this double- blind, placebo-controlled prospective study. Patients were randomized into two groups of 25 patients and received either a placebo or sildenafil. Patients in sildenafil group were started on a 50-mg dose, and the dose was increased to 100 mg if there was no response after 2 doses. Patients were asked to complete the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and a global life-satisfaction questionnaire before and after each dose.

Improvement was observed in 76% of the sildenafil patients compared with 12% of placebo patients using IIEF and global assessment questionnaire. Sildenafil was associated with improvement in the IIEF score in all domains except those related to sexual desire. Sildenafil use resulted in normal EF scores in 36% of sildenafil patients. No correlation was found between sildenafil failure and patient age, duration of ED and the duration and etiology of renal failure. Sildenafil was well tolerated. Side effects were rare but occurred equally in both groups.

Conclusions: Sildenafil is a safe and satisfactory drug for improving erectile function in patients with ESRD without contraindications for this drug. Pretreatment scores on the IIEF may be useful in predicting the success of the treatment.
Fluctuation of Matrix Entries and
Application to Outliers of
Elliptic Matrices
Authors: Benaych-Georges Florent , Cébron Guillaume , Rochet Jean
Published: July 2017

For any family of N ⨯ N randommatrices that is invariant, in law, under unitary conjugation, we give general sufficient conditions for central limit theorems for random variables of the type Tr(AkM), where the matrix M is deterministic (such random variables include, for example, the normalized matrix entries of Ak). A consequence is the asymptotic independence of the projection of the matrices Ak onto the subspace of null trace matrices from their projections onto the orthogonal of this subspace. These results are used to study the asymptotic behavior of the outliers of a spiked elliptic random matrix. More precisely, we show that the fluctuations of these outliers around their limits can have various rates of convergence, depending on the Jordan Canonical Formof the additive perturbation. Also, some correlations can arise between outliers at a macroscopic distance from each other.These phenomena have already been observed with random matrices from the Single Ring Theorem.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Mothers/Caregivers on Household Water Treatment Methods in Northwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bitew Bikes Destaw , Gete Yigzaw Kebede , Biks Gashaw Andargie , Adafrie Takele Tadesse
Published: July 2017

In Ethiopia, ensuring safe drinking water remains a big challenge where waterborne diseases, including diarrhea cause a great harm in many rural communities. Limited knowledge, misinformation, negative attitude, and lack of experience toward best practices of alternative water treatment technologies were among the leading challenges. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June 23 to 30, 2015, in Dabat District. The study participants were selected by using simple random sampling method. Questionnaire-based face-to-face interview technique of data collection was used by 20 data collectors under close supervision with six supervisors. From the total of 845 participants with mother–child paired 49.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] (45.8, 52.5%) had good knowledge, and 54.8%, 95% CI (51.6, 58.3%) had favorable-attitude toward household water treatment. Only 23.1%, 95%CI (20, 26%) of the study participants had practiced household water treatment. Being an urban resident (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.58, 95% CI: [1.62, 4.11]), having good-knowledge (AOR: 2.62, 95% CI: [1.81, 3.79]), favorable attitude (AOR: 1.45, 95% CI: [1.01, 2.08]), and used unimproved water source (AOR: 1.67, 95% CI: [1.11, 2.50]) were factors associated with household water treatment practices in the district. Despite mothers/caregivers having a fairly good knowledge and positive attitude, their practice of treating drinking water at household level was quite low. Thus, well designed strategy for health education on effective water treatment methods through the national health extension program is recommended.
Biblioteca Rio-Grandense: um estudo de caso sob o viés da educação patrimonial
Authors: Carvalho Rodrigues Marcia , Da Conceição Santos Pamela
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1518-2924.2017v22n48p2Buscou-se investigar a importância da educação patrimonial no processo de reconhecimento da biblioteca enquanto instituição patrimonial e as possibilidades de atuação do profissional bibliotecário neste contexto. O estudo de caso teve como objeto de análise a Biblioteca Rio-Grandense, localizada em Rio Grande/RS. Os dados foram coletados através de questionário semiestruturado; as respostas obtidas foram categorizadas e analisadas segundo o método da Análise de Conteúdo. O estudo permitiu concluir que a instituição percebe a importância da participação do bibliotecário no processo de divulgação e reconhecimento patrimonial da biblioteca, bem como a importância cultural e patrimonial da Biblioteca Rio-Grandense para a comunidade.
A netnografia como método de pesquisa em Ciência da Informação
Authors: Corrêa Maurício de Vargas , Rozados Helen Beatriz Frota
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1518-2924.2017v22n49p1Discute a aplicação da netnografia como método de pesquisa no campo da Ciência da Informação. Descreve o método netnográfico, suas origens, os primeiros estudos desenvolvidos no Brasil, algumas características e diferenças em relação à etnografia tradicional, os possíveis campos de estudo e as principais etapas metodológicas. Analisa quatro trabalhos publicados em periódicos científicos nacionais da área da Ciência da Informação e um trabalho publicado em anais de evento que indicam o uso da netnografia como método de pesquisa. Compara os procedimentos metodológicos realizados pelos autores com as recomendações propostas por Kozinets (2010, 2014) em estudos teóricos recentes sobre o método netnográfico. Finalizando, apresenta sugestões que podem auxiliar os pesquisadores na definição do campo de estudo, no tratamento dos dados netnográficos e na seleção de temas de pesquisa relevantes na área da Ciência da Informação.
Prática spammer e semiose: implicações nos processos de organização e circulação da informação em ambientes colaborativos
Authors: Mata Priscila Oliveira da , Moura Maria Aparecida
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1518-2924.2017v22n49p19No contexto da web, os spammers são sujeitos e ou procedimentos automáticos que engajam práticas de atribuição de metadados e comportamento linguageiro disseminando spams acoplados aos conteúdos de maior popularidade, com o propósito de ampliar a visibilidade de seus conteúdos. O estudo realizado partiu do pressuposto de que, a prática spammer, carrega aspectos que ensejam uma articulação semiósica entre o vídeo principal e a ideia que os spammers intentam transmitir. Buscou-se, com o aporte teórico da Semiótica Peirceana, estabelecer uma aproximação entre a prática spammer e o conceito de semiose, procurando compreender a lógica informacional e sociocomunicacional que caracteriza os spammers no YouTube. Como resultados obtiveram-se uma descrição e uma tipologia da prática spammer e a análise da sua repercussão na organização e recuperação de informação em ambientes colaborativos digitais de compartilhamento de vídeos.
Aspectos da Catalogação e do RDA: contribuições teóricas da literatura nacional e internacional
Authors: Machado Raquel Bernadete , Pereira Ana Maria
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1518-2924.2017v22n49p89Este artigo apresenta os aspectos da catalogação e do Resource Description and Access (RDA) e suas contribuições teóricas sobre as novas diretrizes para a catalogação de recursos informacionais, que tem seu foco voltado para o ambiente digital. Apresenta o atual panorama de discussões teóricas ocorridas no período de 2010 a 2014 entre os especialistas da área. Analisa a literatura nacional e a internacional no que tange à catalogação e temas correlatos, incluindo-se o RDA. A pesquisa configura-se como bibliográfica, do tipo levantamento. Os dados foram analisados por categorização, por meio da leitura e análise dos resumos e das palavras-chaves de artigos. Os resultados da busca nacional e internacional apresentaram temas semelhantes. Foram reunidos em nove grupos distintos: capacitação; catálogos; controle de autoridades; implementações; modelos conceituais; RDA; tecnologia; tratamento descritivo de recursos; e tratamento temático de recursos. Identificou-se que em algumas temáticas, as publicações brasileiras sobressaem como, por exemplo, acerca dos modelos conceituais e do tratamento descritivo, embora com relação ao tema RDA, a produção internacional tem maior destaque.
Resenha: Laicidade e liberdade de consciência
Authors: Cecchetti Elcio
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1677-2954.2015v14n3p490
O dever de realizar o mal
Authors: Machado Alexandre Noronha
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1677-2954.2016v15n2p202O texto que se segue consiste na apresentação de um problema filosófico, no exame e crítica de algumas possíveis maneiras de tentar solucioná-lo e na apresentação do que julgo ser sua melhor solução (aristotélica). Trata-se de um problema em filosofia moral ou ética, como o titulo já deixa claro. Este, portanto, não é um texto exegético sobre a filosofia de Wittgenstein. Mas creio que ele deve muito à filosofia tardia de Wittgenstein por duas razões principais. O problema filosófico apresentado aqui é entendido como uma confusão gramatical envolvendo o uso de termos morais. Além disso, a solução aqui proposta é obtida por meio da análise do uso ordinário desses termos. (cf. Wittgenstein, Investigações Filosóficas, §§109-111)
Interpretation der kantschen Theorie des rechtlichen Besitzes angesichts seiner Transzendentalphilosophie
Authors: Scherer Fábio César
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1677-2954.2016v15n3p369Im Rahmen der Theorie Kants über die Probleme der Vernunft und seine Hilfstheorie (Transzendentalphilosophie) zielt der vorliegende Artikel darauf ab, die in der Rechtslehre (1797) dargestellte Theorie des rechtlichen Besitzes anhand des analytisch-logischen Lesens zu interpretieren, dessen Beweisprozedur die Methode der Analyse und Synthese ist. Die vorliegende Untersuchung weist in eine Richtung, die die kritische Angehörigkeit dieses späten rechtlichen Textes in dem Maβe verteidigt, wie die Theorie des intelligiblen Besitzes auf die kritische Ebene der Äußerung von der Möglichkeit synthetischer Sätze a priori im Allgemeinen bezogen ist.
Personalismo axiológico e ética cristã no culturalismo de Miguel Reale
Authors: De Carvalho José Mauricio
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1677-2954.2016v15n3p418Neste trabalho examinam-se os aspectos fundamentais da ética realiana. Examina-se sua axiologia base da formação da cultura e mostra-se como ela incorpora elementos da ética cristã. Se Reale toma a ética cristã como base da cultura, não se pode dizer que a ética realiana seja a exata expressão da ética cristã ou que coincida perfeitamente com ela. Contudo os estudos de Reale ajudam a desenvolver a ética cristã, destacando-se o cuidado com a dignidade da pessoa e a caracterização filosófica da condição humana. Em contrapartida, a noção realiana de eticidade, ou do que Angeles García denominou de um humanismo integral, mostra que a afinidade da ética realiana com a ética cristã era maior do que ele acreditava e não se limitava a tomá-la como a base da cultura em que vivemos.
Heresia e idiotia segundo Schopenhauer: hermenêutica, ceticismo e significação moral do mundo
Authors: Rodrigues Jr. Ruy De Carvalho
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1677-2954.2016v15n3p467O artigo pretende apresentar e defender a viabilidade de uma leitura da obra de Schopenhauer, em especial de sua metafísica da natureza, em uma dupla perspectiva: hermenêutica e cética; e em uma quádrupla frente: 1) levando a sério a distinção schopenhaueriana entre ser subjetivo e ser objetivo, bem como, no interior deste último, entre consideração subjetiva e objetiva; 2) a partir daquilo que chamo de tese da inteligibilidade inversa; 3) concebendo o processo de objetivação da Vontade nos moldes de uma teoria dos mundos possíveis; 4) compreendendo a matéria (Materie) como noção-limite da filosofia schopenhaueriana e, esta, como uma filosofia do limite. Trata-se menos de conceber um Schopenhauer hermenêuta ou cético que tentar estabelecer um diálogo entre sua obra e uma certa concepção de hermenêutica e ceticismo. Diálogo que seria capaz de encaminhar possíveis soluções para alguns problemas que sua filosofia sempre teve dificuldade em enfrentar, como a significação profunda da noção de Vontade e as implicações cosmológicas a ela ligadas.
Gênero e escola: categorias que se entrelaçam nas histórias de vida
Authors: Castro Beatriz Helena Viana , Barreiro Cristhianny Bento
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1807-1384.2016v13n1p114Este artigo apresenta o recorte de uma pesquisa a partir da qual as questões de gênero emergiram como elementos condicionantes da trajetória de escolarização, trazendo a temática acerca das origens da desigualdade entre os sexos na sociedade de classes e de que forma este panorama revela a condição de desvalorização da mulher no funcionamento dessa sociedade, ainda hoje. Essa reflexão surgiu a partir de pesquisa realizada em 2013 com um grupo de mulheres que retornavam à escola para fazer um curso profissionalizante após alguns anos de afastamento dos estudos. Nessa pesquisa, foram ouvidas e analisadas as histórias de vida dessas mulheres com o objetivo de identificar a sua percepção acerca de seu retorno para escola e suas expectativas quanto à mesma, além de compreender os diversos aspectos que influenciaram, ao longo da vida, sua formação. Nesse estudo, identificam-se as dificuldades que elas encontram no desempenho de sua vida profissional, além de situar as mulheres no mercado de trabalho, observando não apenas a sua condição feminina, mas esta condição atrelada às nuances de etnia, raça, geração e classe social. A maternidade aparece de forma contundente nas histórias relatadas, constituindo-se numa categoria de pesquisa e reforçando a necessidade de aprofundamento dos estudos de gênero. O papel da mulher foi construído com base em uma sociedade patriarcal e, embora atualmente se fale em igualdade, esta ainda não é a realidade na maioria das relações de gênero aqui apresentadas.
Imagens múltiplas do feminino na cultura popular brasileira
Authors: Rodrigues Herbert
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1807-1384.2016v13n1p134Localizada às margens da grande metrópole paulistana, a cidade de Mogi das Cruzes (SP) realiza uma espetacular Festa do Divino Espírito Santo. Este artigo focaliza as tensões e liminaridades que emergem nos dias de festa. Diante do “espelho mágico” colocamos duas imagens femininas: Nhá Zéfa e Nossa Senhora. O artigo explora alguns elementos aparentemente arredios que surgem como força transformadora durante os dias de celebração.