bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Farmers Participatory Vegetable Breeding in Kashmir
Authors: SINGH LAL , SINGH PRADEEP KUMAR , BAKSH HARI , SINGH SARVESH
Published: October 2016

Vegetable crops are conducting under Farmers Participatory Research Trial in Temperate regions of
Kashmir Valley. The trials are designed and managed by farmers, the researchers have only advice
for selection of the resource conservation technology (treatments). Farmers have full control over
the selection of treatments to be used on his/her field. The main objectives of this type of research is
to be established and demonstrate the benefits of resource conservation technologies like raised
bed, furrow irrigated planting system, zero tillage etc. over the conventional practices. In these type
of trial farmers are briefed about new practices. The participating farmers are encouraged to
experiment their own and are given the full control over the selection of subset of resource
conservation technologies to be tested on their fields with a view to assess farmer innovation and
acceptability.
Аналіз ефективності лікувального комплексу у хворих гастроентерологічного профілю з кандидозом слизової оболонки верхнього відділу травного тракту
Authors: Kushnirenko I.V.
Published: October 2016

Проблема лікування кандидозу слизової оболонки верхнього відділу травного тракту залишається актуальною у зв’язку з необхідністю як проведення етіотропної терапії, так і врахування варіабельності імунної відповіді при взаємодії макроорганізму й Candida albicans. Зниження імунореактивності в цьому випадку потребує проведення коригуючого лікування. Мета дослідження — вивчити вплив лікувального комплексу з включенням поліпептидного імуномодулятора імунофан на показники вродженого та адаптивного імунітету у хворих означеної групи. Згідно з отриманими результатами, пацієнтів з інвазією грибів у слизову оболонку відрізняє наявність імунодефіциту за співвідношенням лейкоцити/CD3+, що в 1,3 раза вище, ніж у хворих з орофарингеальним та поверхневим кандидозом (р < 0,01). Після проведеного лікування у групі хворих з інвазією кандид у слизову оболонку первинно підвищене значення НСТ-тесту і цитохімічного показника активності нейтрофілів знизилося на 40,40 % (р < 0,05) і 29,03 % (р < 0,05) відповідно. Ці зміни в сукупності з підвищенням рівня циркулюючих імунних комплексів у 1,4 раза порівняно зі значеннями до лікування (р < 0,05) та у 1,5 раза — порівняно з конт­ролем (р < 0,01) свідчать про більш глибокі дефекти в системи вродженого імунітету, що, очевидно, зумовлюють як більш тяжкий перебіг захворювання, так і труднощі в лікуванні. У цілому застосування лікувального комплексу призводить до відновлення Т-клітинної ланки імунітету хворих обох груп з нормалізацією співвідношення Т-хелпери/Т-супресори, до підвищення рівня лактоферину в ротовій порожнині та підвищення концентрації IgA та IgG у пацієнтів з інвазією. Отже, комплексний підхід до лікування хворих з кандидозом слизової оболонки верхнього відділу шлунково-кишкового тракту та визначення стратегії й тактики подальшого спостереження є необхідними для ефективного надання медичної допомоги даній групі пацієнтів.
Цитокіновий статус у дітей із хронічною гастродуоденальною патологією
Authors: Sorokman T.V. , Sokolnyk S.V. , Popelyuk O.-M.V.
Published: October 2016

Актуальність. Частота захворювань шлунка та дванадцятипалої кишки у дітей має тенденцію до невпинного зростання, а сама патологія характеризується групою особливостей, що відсутні у дорослих. Мета: виявити особливості цитокінового профілю сироватки крові у дітей із хронічною гастродуоденальною патологією (ХГДП). Матеріал та методи. Основну клінічну групу становили 54 дитини у віці 8–18 років із ХГДП. Групу порівняння становили 24 практично здорові дитини, порівнянні за віком та статтю з основною клінічною групою. Результати. У 88,9 % дітей із ХГДП виявлено підвищення інтерлейкіну-4 (IL-4) щодо показників у дітей групи порівняння. При приєднанні H.pylori вміст IL‑4 знижувався. Концентрація фактора некрозу пухлини альфа (TNF-α) вірогідно не відрізнялася від такої у дітей групи порівняння при всіх варіантах інфікування, але дещо вищі його значення були при паразитозах. Найвищий показник IL‑4 зареєстрований при виразковому ураженні слизової оболонки шлунка та дванадцятипалої кишки. У цих же пацієнтів відзначено максимально високий рівень TNF-α. Висновок. У дітей із виразковим ураженням слизової оболонки, підвищеною кислотоутворюючою функцією шлунка, значною поширеністю ураження (пангастрит) виявлені вірогідно вищі значення ІЛ‑4 та TNF-α.
Settlement of Disputes by Way of Arbitration in Pakistan
Authors: Mukhtar Sohaib
Published: October 2016

Arbitration is a method, through which, parties resolve their disputes; outside the court of law; by avoiding all types of technicalities of procedural law. It is one of the modes of Alternate Dispute Resolution. The Arbitration Act 1940 is the only statute in Pakistan, which deals with all types of arbitration processes in Pakistan, but it does not deal with the recognition and enforcement process of International Arbitral Awards in Pakistan. The New York Convention 1958 is enforced in Pakistan, through the Recognition and Enforcement Act 2011 and it deals with the recognition and enforcement process of International Arbitral Awards in Pakistan. The problem in Pakistan is that the majority arbitration processes are not conducted, in accordance with the provisions of the prescribed laws of arbitration, they are usually conducted, in accordance with the customs and usages of the society, which are not prescribed in the current Arbitration Act 1940. There are private Jirga and Punchayat systems; in rural areas; throughout Pakistan, to resolve disputes of the poor people of the locality and the decision of that proceeding usually are not submitted in the court of law, for the implementation, which is the requirement under the Arbitration Act 1940, for the smooth implementation of the decision; through the executive wing of the state. Many countries of the world have amended their arbitration laws, as per the customs and usages of the society and under the light of the relevant International Conventions and Treaties. Similarly, in Pakistan, the Arbitration Act 1940 needs a lot of changes, as per the customs and usages of the society, relevant principles laid down in the Holy Quran and Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad and in accordance with the related International Conventions and Treaties. The UNCITRAL Model Law 1985 is not applicable in Pakistan, thus it is also a requirement and need of the time to be implemented in Pakistan, through the act of the Parliament.
Modificações ambientais em instalações para ovinos em sistemas de pastejo e confinamento
Authors: Teste Teste
Published: October 2016

The facility is based on extreme capacity they have to seek the optimization of the human/animal/environment, within a production process, ie, they have as functionality, ease and reduce the use of labor for everyday tasks favor the handling of the herd and disease control, protect and give security to the animals, divide pastures, store and reduce food waste. Environmental improvements should be planned so as to provide the best possible conditions for thermal comfort to animals. The objective is to discuss the main characteristics of facilities Sheep and solutions to such feature, optimizing and leveraging the maximum performance of livestock.
Levantamento quantitativo de artigos sobre endoparasitismo em equinos publicados em periódicos na área de ciências agrárias nos últimos 10 anos no Brasil
Authors: Teste Teste
Published: October 2016

It was carried out quantitative bibliographic study about the scientifically articles concerning to the parasitism and theirs implications in equines, in the mainly national scientific publications in the Animal Science. It was selected the publications of national circulation, that obtained grades A and B in the Animal Science I, Animal production, and veterinary in the Qualis evaluation. It was considered papers published form 2002 to 2011, obtained by electronic method. It was finding 26 articles according the requisites required, being the “Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária” that showed the higher number of publication in this field. Considering that the verminous affect directly the equines natural performances is very important do the periodic parasites control. However, the less interest by the scientifically community in this area, become difficult the breeders decisions concerning the best methods for the verminous control.
Comparação de desempenho de bovinos Nelore e mestiços Nelore-Rubia Gallega em sistema de confinamento
Authors: Teste Teste
Published: October 2016

The use of feedlots to carcass termination in beef cattle have been increase in the Brazil, in addition with de crossbreed systems aiming increase the productive efficiency of animals in this system. The aim of this study was to compare the daily average weight gain performance, carcass yield, alimentary conversion and the biological efficiency of Nellore steers and the crossbreed Nelore-RubiaGallega kept in feedlot. It was used 276 bovines, being 140 of Nellore breed and 136 crossbreed with age ranging from 21 to 24 months. The animals were divided in collective installations according to the genetic group, kept 87 days in the feedlot. The diet used had high concentrated, exception the diet of the adaptation period. The statistical analysis were carried out by SAS - Statistical Analysis System and the average of initial weight, daily average gain and final weight were compared by the t test (p
Mixomatose em coelho doméstico criado como animal de estimação em Mato Grosso
Authors: Azevedo Jaqueline Bruning , Silva Glaucenyra Cecília Pinheiro , Borsa Adriana , Pescador Caroline Argenta , Nociti Darci Lara Perecin , Possamai Adriano Jorge
Published: October 2016

In 2011, was admitted to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of MatoGrosso, a rabbit with clinical signs suggestive of myxomatosis, presenting a "leonine face" with nodes scattered throughout the body and blepharoconjunctivitis. With a history of living with other lagomorphs, dogs and cats. The animal died and an autopsy was performed, it was observed macroscopically blepharoconjunctivitis bilateral purulent, eyelids, facial skin, ears and nasolabial region presented with thickened and irregular nodules. On internal examination no changes were observed. Microscopically observed on the skin epidermal layer of the sponge and the formation of small areas marked multifocal pustular and suppurative inflammatory infiltrate at the junction of the epidermis, the dermis. Visualized in the lung is diffuse swelling and sharp, and congestion, thus closing the diagnostic myxomatosis
Avaliação morfológica das estruturas ovarianas em fêmeas bovinas zebuínas durante o ciclo estral
Authors: Souza Stephanie Mayra Pacifico de , Fontes Reginaldo da Silva , Matos Luis Fonseca , Quirino Celia Raquel
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate aspects morphometric, ultrastructural and histological structures present in the ovaries of female zebu. We used ten cows. In females that were synchronized, followed the standard protocol used in the technique of fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI). The ovaries were evaluated before synchronization and the day of surgery with the aid of ultrasound. On day 0 of the estrous cycle, two animals were ovariectomized, while the others went through the same process in their days: D5, D11, D14 and D19. The macroscopic structures were all considered. The ovaries had their axes maximum measured. For histological techniques all ovaries were processed and slides evaluated. When ultrasound was found that the average length and width of the ovaries did not have wide variation, and three animals have shown corpus luteum in the right ovary. After ovariectomy measuring the length and width of the ovaries was also performed and it was concluded that there is a significant difference between the morphometric measurement of cycling and anestrous females. Histologically, the structures found in the ovaries of cows differ only by the amount of primordial follicles.
Uso de enriquecimentos ambientais como mitigadores de comportamentos anormais: uma revisão
Authors: Oliveira Ana Paula Guedes , Costa Weliton Menário , Almeida Rafael Nunes de , Costa Willian Moreira da , Dias Natália Caroliny da Silva , Vieira Bárbara de Cássia Ribeiro , Madella-Oliveira Aparecida de Fátima , Quirino Célia Raquel
Published: October 2016

This review presents concepts concerning the problematization of captive environment. The objective was to analyze the way in which the use of environmental enrichment has contributed to the natural performance of captive animals. It is concluded that this technique reduces stress, increasing the degree of welfare and thus stimulating the development of behaviors typical of the species.
Avaliação do ganho em peso de cordeiros da raça Santa Inês no periparto criados na região do Planalto Central brasileiro
Authors: Souza Adalto José de , Taveira Rodrigo Zaiden , Silveira Neto Osvaldo José da , Melo Leonardo Capelle
Published: October 2016

The beef goat activity has been developed and expanded in the last years, attracting lots of business men to invest in the activity potentials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the body weight gain in lambs of Santa Inês breed,in the periparturition, proceeding from Brazilian Central tableland. The data used were provided from three different livestock (livestock 01; livestock 02 and livestock 03). In the livestock 01 was to evaluated the weight and weight gains until the 60 days of age in pasture system compared topost-birthfeedlot system. In the livestock 02 was considered two year seasons (dry and water station) evaluating theirs effects upon the kind of birth (simple and twin) andweight gain. In the livestock 03 was evaluated the influence of two year season (dry and water station) upon the male and female of simple birth. The statistical analyses were carried out by the SAS statistical program and the means were compared by the t test (p
Principais causas bacterianas de abortamento em bovinos
Authors: Paula Eric Mateus Nascimento de , Semer Lilian Moreira , Cruz Carolina de Alvarenga , Moraes Fernanda Cassioli de , Mathias Luis Antonio , Sousa Daniel Bartoli de , Meirelles-Bartoli Raphaella Barbosa
Published: October 2016

Abortion refers to the expulsion of a fetus dead or alive of the uterus between 42 days until approximately 280 days of gestation, when the latter is unable to carry out an independent life in an extra-uterine environment. Only 30% to 40% of fetuses aborted bovine animals present etiological diagnosis defined in virtue of multiple causes involved. The exact determination of the incidence of abortion in livestock is very important because rates of 1% to 2% is considered normal for cattle; of 3% represent a warning sign and greater than 3% feature a infectious or environmental problem that affects the herd. Among the various causes, stand out with their due, the casuistic bacterial, being the main brucellosis, leptospirosis and campylobacteriosis.
Produção e composição bromatológica do capim-Tanzânia (Panicum maximum) em diferentes idades de rebrotação
Authors: Rodrigues Braz Henrique Nunes , Andrade Alex Carvalho , Magalhães João Avelar , Fernandes Pedro Dantas , Santos Francisco José de Seixas , Costa Newton de Lucena
Published: October 2016

The effect of different regrowth ages on the production and nutritional value of grass Tanzania were evaluated in ecological conditions of the coastal plains of Piauí. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with five replications, with treatments consisting of five ages of regrowth (7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days), making a total of twenty-five plots or experimental units of 6 m2 each. The evaluations were two experimental periods, the first of 02/09/2008 to 16/12/2008 and the second from 01/09/2009 to 15/12/2009. In both periods the nutritional values were evaluated in three cuts, 10 cm of soil, with an interval of 35 days, in the five ages of regrowth. The experimental area received the fertilization of 340 kg ha-1 N and 252 kg K2O ha-1 in the first year and 420 kg ha-1 N and 336 kg K2O ha-1 in the second year, plus 70 kg ha-1 P2O5 in the foundation. Irrigation was applied through a sprinkler system, low pressure and low flow. The dry matter yield increased proportionally with age of regrowth reached a value of 5.7 t ha-1 in 35 days. The dry matter content increases with age of regrowth, ranging from 15.64% to 20.14% from 7 to 35 days. The crude protein content showed an opposite behavior, decreasing linearly from 17.0 to 7.8% from 7 to 35 days. The neutral detergent fiber content also linearly, reaching the critical limit of less than 60% from 24 to 28 days of regrowth and the acid detergent fiber content, using a quadratic behavior estimated values close to 35% by the age of 28 days. Considering together the critical limits for crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, and an appropriate value for the dry matter content is recommended for the grass-Tanzania, in the ecological conditions of the coastal plains of Piauí, observe a rest period between 21 and 28 days.
Composição química de alimentos utilizados em rações para ruminantes no Meio Norte do Brasil
Authors: Cavalcante Abigail Feitosa , Garcez Bruno Spindola , Moreira Filho Miguel Arcanjo , Alves Arnaud Azevêdo
Published: October 2016

Was evaluated the chemical composition of four ingredients with potential for use in ruminant diets in the Mid-North of Brazil. The ingredients evaluated were soybean meal, buriti residue, cottonseed cake and babassu meal. Samples were obtained in trade em Teresina city (Piauí) and agribusiness of Maranhão state (buriti residue). The contents of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ether extract (EE), mineral matter (MM), lignin (LIG), cellulose (CEL) and total carbohydrates (TC). The nutrient content of conventional ingredients (soybean meal and cottonseed cake) were consistent with literature data. Buriti residue contains high percentage of LIG (35.97%), associated to high NDF (83.59%) and ADF (58.18%) contents and low protein value (3.41% CP). The soybean meal, cottonseed meal and the babassu meal are protein sources for ruminants, deserving attention the high NDF (57.93% and 72.03%) and ADF (41.42% and 45.10%) contents of cottonseed cake and babassu cake, respectively.
Análise descritiva de algumas características reprodutivas de um rebanho bovino leiteiro mestiço no Município de Coromandel-MG
Authors: Ramos Fernando Alves Soares , Vilela Lucas Padua , Nascimento Mara Regina Bueno de Mattos , Simioni Vitória Maria
Published: October 2016

We determined some reproductive characteristics of a dairy cattle herd Figueredo mestizo farm in the town of Coromandel, Minas Gerais, Brazil. We used the SAS program in order to carry out the descriptive study of the gestation period (GP), calving interval (CI) and days open (DO) in crossbred dairy cows. The GP averaged 273.57 days (9.11 months) with a standard deviation of 5.47 days (0.18 months), being the most frequent value of 271 days (9.06 months), with a coefficient of variation of 0, 02% in 111 observed data. The mean CI was 470.75 (15.69 months) with a standard deviation of 159.76 days (5.32 months) being the most frequent value of 385 days (12.83 months), with a coefficient of variation of 0, 34% in 75 notes processed. DO The average was 197.54 days (6.58 months) with a standard deviation of 163.92 days (5.44 months), being the most frequent value of 60 days (2 months), with a coefficient of variation of 0.83% in 102 records processed. The calving interval and days open showed up the dairy farm is considered appropriate to efficiently and economically
Influência da adubação fosfatada e calagem na ecofisiologia de gramíneas forrageiras
Authors: Possamai Adriano Jorge , Barboza Alan Carlos , Rosa e Silva Pedro Ivo Jose Lopes da , Zervoudakis Joanis Tilemahos
Published: October 2016

The objective was to search studies that showed the influence of phosphorus fertilization and limestone on the ecophysiology of forage plants. Phosphorus is an essential element for plant physiology participating in the process of obtaining energy. However it is common deficiency of this element in the soil, thus fertilizing with this element is extensively tested. The magnitude of the response varies with the type of plant, soil, interrelation with other nutrients, however response observed growing as it increases the dosage of phosphorus, there is increase in the density of tillers, increased mass roots, increasing the phosphorus content in the leaves. Already acidity is the most discussed issue in tropical soils being the most used product in lime is limestone and response to liming can be positive, negative, depending on other factors. Mobility in soil calcium and phosphorus is low, so the response of the plant is susceptible to the influence of other factors such as the availability of other nutrients.
Impacto da adubação nitrogenada nas características morfofisiológicas de gramíneas do gênero Brachiaria e Cynodon em pastejo
Authors: Freiria Lucien Bissi da , Possamai Adriano Jorge , Barboza Alan Carlos , Zervoudakis Joanis Tilemahos
Published: October 2016

This review will focus on comparing characteristics morphophysiological of grass Brachiaria and Cynodon on responses from nitrogen fertilization of grazing or cutting. The pasture management has as a central aspect to keep balance of the leaf area, which is responsible for light interception and carbon sequestration and the removal of leaf tissues for intake animal. Thus, it becomes essential to know not only the behavior of animals, but also the morphophysiological characteristics of the plants to be effective one correct management, with greater intensification of use. Thus, it becomes necessary to a better understanding of how these tools can be used in combination in the day-to-day farm.
Alterações cardiovasculares em um cão portador de hipertensão arterial sistêmica secundária a insuficiência renal crônica: relato de caso
Authors: Maffei Lígia Dortas , Franco Rodrigo Prevedello , Santos Cláudia Bonini Abreu dos
Published: October 2016

Systemic hypertension in dogs can occur secondary to chronic kidney disease (CKD), because there is activation of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) leading to vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure and afterload, promoting concentric hypertrophy of the ventricular myocardium . The objective of this study is to report the radiographic, electrocardiographic and Doppler echocardiographic a dog carrier hypertension secondary to CKD before and after therapy. We treated a canine patient with CKD presenting unilateral ocular hemorrhagic stroke and presence of mitral murmur grade II / VI. Laboratory tests revealed renal azotemia, with urinalysis showing isosthenuria, proteinuria and granular cylinders. Blood pressure (SBP) showed average values ​​of 250 mmHg. On the chest radiograph Vertebral Heart System (VHS) was 10.7 vertebrae, indicating cardiomegaly and increased left ventricular (LV), as suggested in electrocardiography with increasing duration of QRS Complex. Doppler echocardiography showed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and decrease in LV internal diâmentro, ventricular septal hypertrophy, dilatation of the aorta and increased fractional shortening (% FEC) LV. Therapy was instituted the basis of enalapril maleate and commercial diet for CKD. After 90 days, there was a reduction in ocular hemorrhagic stroke, with mean SBP maintaining the 130mmHg, reduction in serum biochemical values ​​in VHS (10.6 v) heart in myocardial hypertrophy and LV% FEC. The changes found suggest myocardial remodeling due to hypertension secondary source to CKD, with improvement after therapy instituted.
Pteridium aquilinum: Importância para saúde pública
Authors: Guimarães Raniela , Carvalho Gabriel Domingos
Published: October 2016

From antiquity already know the potential toxic plants, which are capable of causing damage to human health and animals. In Brazil it is very frequent occurrence of cases of poisoning in cattle caused by eating poisonous plants. Ignorance of the toxic species is identified as the main factor for the occurrence of these accidents, so the best way to prevent it is through the knowledge and dissemination of the subject. In this context, this paper presents the importance of the intoxication of animals and humans by Pteridium aquilinum, commonly known as "fern-de-camp." This paper presents a literature review that focuses on the importance of P. aquilinum to public health.
Terço final da gestação suína: utilizar ou não uma dieta diferenciada
Authors: Domiciano Leandro Ferreira , Leite Junior Janio Correa , Marçal Túlio Medeiros , Barbosa Silvana Alves Pedrozo Vitalino , Domiciano Ivete Ricken , Carvalho Perivaldo de , Oliveira Getúlio de
Published: October 2016

The success of the swine production is directly related to efficiency in reproductive performance matrices, reflected in the number of piglets produced/female/year. This increase in productivity is a result of the genetic improvement they have suffered in recent years. Simultaneously, had to adjust the nutritional needs of these matrices to support the growth of the fetus and mammary gland during mainly the final third of pregnancy, with emphasis on the needs of protein/amino acids and energy. However, the feeding programs for gestation females are based on a single diet formulation, with adjustments to the power level, making it easier to apply, however not meeting the requirements of energy and protein matrices, resulting in performance below their genetic potential. Therefore, we suggest feeding programs in two phases (0-70 days and 70 days to farrowing) for pregnant gilts with the purpose of improving fetal growth, mammary system and maternal protein gain without excessive fat gain.
Fisiopatologia da sepse: revisão de literatura
Authors: Rocha e Silveira Sylvia , Ferreira Luiz Fernando Lucas , Lage Maíra H. H.
Published: October 2016

Inflammation is a physiological reaction after primary tissue injury, whether physical, chemical or biological. It may be a local or general organic response and is triggered by several factors which aims to protect the individual against any aggression. In certain circumstances, the answer is fostered so that the reactions are potentially destructive, altering the functions and balance of the body. The loss of local control or the appearance of a hyperactive response implies a systemic response known as sepsis. Sepsis is characterized by excessive activation of inflammatory cells and production of inflammatory mediators that produce a widespread effect in the body. Coagulation cascade, route of arachidonic acid and nitric oxide, were also activated. Inflammatory mediators will cause the clinical signs of sepsis. The consequence of this inflammatory response is an untreated widespread organ dysfunction, which culminates in cardiovascular failure, brain and death of the patient
Influência dos minerais quelatados e inorgânicos no metabolismo, desempenho, qualidade da carcaça e da carne de frangos de corte
Authors: Scottá Bruno Andreatta , Vieira Rodolfo Alves , Gomide Ana Paula Cardoso , Campos Priscila Furtado , Barroca Carlota Coelho , Formigoni Andressa da Silva
Published: October 2016

This review aimed to show the main differences in the metabolism and bioavailability of inorganic and organic minerals for broilers, and these influences on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality. The organic minerals present high bioavailability and are more readily absorbed by animals that inorganic minerals, thus less amounts of minerals to be excreted in the environment, some of these with high polluting power, both for soil and for the water. Organic minerals can also beneficially affect the performance of broilers without affecting carcass characteristics and meat quality.
Aspectos físico-químicos e microbiológicos de leite orgânico e leite convencional
Authors: Jacinto Lilian Mara Borges , Rodrigues Maria Aparecida Martins , Guimarães Ednaldo Carvalho
Published: October 2016

The main purpose of this research is the comparison of the milk produced in organic management towards the one that comes from usual production. Thirty samples, from 10 pure breed animals (Gyr), and Girolando (on blood levels: 1/4, 1/2 e 5/8), during different lactation periods (between the 2º and 5º), were collected at: Felicidade Farm, designated to the organical milk production, and Peroba Farm, designated to usual milk production, both in Ituiutaba – Minas Gerais, during the months of February, March and April. These samples were submitted to mesophiles counting; fat content, dry extract and protein determination, and to somatic cells count. To the statistical analysis the test t Student (p < 0,05) was used, comparing the averages acquired on each of the analyses. It was concluded that the organical milk showed higher level of fat content, dry extract and protein, and there was no difference on mesophiles counting, neither on somatic cells counting toward the usual milk.
Ictiofauna do Rio Guaporé e áreas adjacentes
Authors: Oliveira Marcos Antonio de , Takamura Angela Emi , Barbosa Raquel Gonçalves , Silva Filho Amorésio Souza , Araujo Fabricio Eugênio , Moura Nelson Antunes de , Mousquer Claudio Jonasson , Fernandes Geferson Antonio
Published: October 2016

Number of species in freshwater ecosystems Brazilian is still uncertain. Given this, it is presented a study on the diversity of fish species found in Rio Guapore and adjacent areas. The experiment was conducted in April and May 2011, in the Vale of Guapore, Mato Grosso. Were demarcated two collection points: Point 1 (Rio Guapore) and point 2 (Adjacent Areas). We analyzed the Absolute and Relative Frequencies. It was estimated: Wealth, Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener diversity and Simpson and J. Equitability 648 specimens were captured in 4 orders, 7 families, 30 genius and 38 species. Characiformes, Siluriformes were higher. The most representative families were Characidae Loricariida and Chichlidae. Cichlasoma dimerus, Bryconamericus melanurus, Hypoptopoma inespectatum, Moenkhausia dichroura, Holoschestes pequira, Cichlas sp., Aphyocharax dentatus and Bryconomericus stramineus were the most frequent species. The pattern of species is expected for rivers of the Neotropics.
Hemocromatose em Ranfastídeos: patogenia e tratamento, uma revisão
Authors: Silva Bruna Cristina Perticarrari da , Faccioni André Luiz de Oliveira , Bueno Edson Ronaldo , Nahum Mariana Jungers Calderaro , Pita Maria Carolina Gonçalves
Published: October 2016

Hemochromatosis is a disease that occurs by the excessive deposition of iron in various organs, in special at the liver, at levels that cause pathological changes in the structural and functional organ. This disease usually affects species of Ramphastidae’s family in captivity, it because this animals are omnivorous and they have an efficient mechanisms that can result in with high levels, as overload. The most of the causes of hemochromatosis can be a genetic predisposition, or a consumption of unbalanced diets with a rich tenor or iron, diseases that can causinghemolysis and iatrogenic. The clinical diagnosis could be used as biochemical serum iron. Ferritin, liver enzymes, bile acids, total capacity binding of iron and transferrin saturation index. The diagnosis definitive can be made by the biopsy. But, for an effective treatment, it can do by a use of phlebotomy or the use of metal chelating. We conclude that further studies are needed to facilitate early diagnosis and confirming the effectiveness of treatments since hemochromatosis is common in ramphastidae bred in captivity.
POTENSI BAKTERI PENGGUNA METANOL DARI RIZOSFER TANAMAN KARET (Hevea brasiliensis Muell.Arg.) UNTUK MEMPRODUKSI PROTEIN SEL TUNGGAL
Authors: Hidayati Umi , Hendra Jekvy , Napitupulu Delima , Panjaitan Andreas , Widyastuti Rahayu
Published: October 2016

Rizosfer tanaman karet menyimpan potensi yang besar melalui keberadaan mikroorganisme yang bermanfaat untuk berbagai kepentingan, misalnya produk bioindustri seperti biofungisida dan biofertilizer. Pengembangan produk dari hasil eksplorasi mikroorganisme dari rizosfer tanaman karet akan menjadi peluang untuk meningkatkan peran dari perkebunan karet. Protein Sel Tunggal (PST) merupakan sel kering atau biomassa mikroorganisme seperti cendawan, khamir, bakteri, dan ganggang yang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber protein untuk pangan, selain mengandung protein tertentu, juga mengandung karbohidrat, lemak, vitamin, mineral, dan nutrisi lain yang dibutuhkan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi mikroorganisme dari rizosfer tanaman karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell.Arg.) untuk produksi protein sel tunggal. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Bioteknologi Tanah, Kimia dan Kesuburan Tanah di Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan dan Laboratorium Cendawan Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman mulai  Februari 2011 sampai dengan Mei 2011. Analisa protein menggunakan metode Kjeldahl. Mikroorganisme dari rizosfer tanaman karet yang mampu menggunakan metanol dapat digunakan untuk produksi protein sel tunggal dan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber pangan dan pakan. Eksplorasi mikroorganisme dari rhizosfer tanaman karet memperoleh 22 isolat dan terseleksi 8 isolat untuk pengujian kadar protein yang terdiri 5 bakteri K2, K4, K8, K11, dan K13, serta 3 cendawan K15, K17, dan K18. Pengujian Hypersensitive Response, menghasilkan 2 isolat bakteri patogen K10 dan K13. Kandidat yang terbaik adalah isolat K4 dengan kadar protein 0,91%. Isolat K4 sudah terlihat dari awal memiliki pertumbuhan  paling cepat dan bukan patogen.  How to Cite : Hidayati, U., Hendra, J., Napitupulu, D., Panjaitan, A., & Widyastuti, R. (2011). Potensi bakteri pengguna metanol dari rizosfer tanaman karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell.Arg.) untuk memproduksi protein sel tunggal. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 29(1), 25-34. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/107
Sampul Belakang 29 1 2011
Authors: Puspitasari Santi
Published: October 2016

Sampul Belakang 29 1 2011
EVALUASI TINGKAT ADOPSI KLON UNGGUL DI TINGKAT PETANI KARET PROPINSI SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Syarifa Lina Fatayati , Agustina Dwi Shinta , Nancy Cicilia , Supriadi Muhammad
Published: October 2016

Sekalipun total ekspor karet alam Sumatera Selatan meningkat pesat, permasalahan klasik yang masih sering terdengar bahwa produktivitas di perkebunan rakyat masih rendah. Rendahnya produktivitas perkebunan karet di Indonesia dipengaruhi beberapa faktor, diantaranya adalah tingkat penggunaan bibit karet klonal di tingkat petani karet yang masih rendah (±40%). Berbagai manfaat strategis telah diperoleh dari adanya proyek-proyek pengembangan karet rakyat terdahulu, karena itu perlu dianalisis mengenai seberapa besar perkembangan pengetahuan dan adopsi petani terhadap teknologi karet maju khususnya penggunaan klon karet unggul. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui tingkat adopsi klon unggul berdasarkan jenis klon. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei dengan memilih sampel secara purposive, yaitu daerah-daerah yang merupakan sentra karet. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui metode Focus Group Discussion (FGD) yang melibatkan perangkat-perangkat desa dan diikuti wawancara dengan petani. Hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa tingkat adopsi klon karet pada daerah-daerah yang dijadikan sample di Sumatera Selatan  telah mencapai 59,2% dari rata-rata areal tanaman karet yang ada.  Pada tahun tanam 2010, tingkat adopsi klon  mencapai 67% dari rata-rata penanaman swadaya per tahun. Jenis klon yang paling banyak dikenal dan diminati oleh petani adalah PB 260 (83%). Diterima : 14 Maret 2012; Disetujui : 16 Juli 2012How to Cite : Syarifa, L.F., Agustina, D. S, Nancy, C., & Supriadi, M. (2012). evaluasi tingkat adopsi klon unggul di tingkat petani karet Propinsi Sumatera Selatan. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 30(1), 12-22. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/118
KINERJA FAKTIS COKLAT DARI MINYAK JARAK KEPYAR DALAM PRODUKSI SELANG GAS LPG
Authors: Puspitasari Santi , Muslich Muslich , Syamsu Yoharmus
Published: October 2016

Faktis coklat merupakan hasil reaksi vulkanisasi minyak nabati (jarak kepyar) pada suhu 130-160oC. Faktis coklat utamanya berfungsi sebagai bahan bantu olah kompon dan bahan penstabil dimensi pada barang jadi karet. Bahan bantu olah dapat mempermudah pencampuran dengan cara meningkatkan laju dispersi bahan pengisi dan menurunkan energi pengkomponan. Selain itu, faktis coklat dapat mempertahankan dimensi terutama pada barang karet hasil ekstruksi. Pada penelitian akan dipelajari ujicoba faktis coklat dari minyak jarak kepyar dalam pembuatan selang gas LPG. Kompon tanpa dan dengan penambahan faktis coklat komersial digunakan sebagai pembanding. Tahapan penelitian diawali dengan penyusunan formula kompon selang gas LPG kemudian pembuatan kompon selang gas LPG dalam mesin giling terbuka. Kompon yang diperoleh diperam sebelum dibentuk menjadi selang dalam mesin ekstruder. Kompon dicuplik ±150 g untuk uji karakteristik vulkanisasi dan sisanya divulkanisasi dalam autoclave. Selang  LPG hasil vulkanisasi diuji sifat fisika sesuai dengan SNI 06-7213-2006/Amd 1:2008. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktis coklat dari minyak jarak kepyar dapat berfungsi dengan baik sebagai bahan bantu olah tetapi belum mampu mencegah terjadinya dies swell pada selang. Faktis coklat dari minyak jarak kepyar tidak berpengaruh nyata pada hasil uji karakteristik vulknisasi kompon dan sifat fisika selang gas LPG. Hal ini memperkuat fungsi faktis coklat sebagai bahan bantu olah. Secara umum, faktis coklat dari minyak jarak kepyar memiliki kinerja yang setara dengan faktis coklat komersial. Diterima : 12 Maret 2012; Disetujui : 9 Juli 2012 How to Cite : Puspitasari, S., Muslich., & Syamsu, Y. (2012). Kinerja faktis coklat dari minyak jarak kepyar dalam produksi selang gas LPG. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 30(1), 46-53. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/121
Sampul Belakang 30 1 2012
Authors: Puspitasari Santi
Published: October 2016

Sampul Belakang 30 1 2012
PENGUJIAN ADAPTASI BEBERAPA KLON KARET PADA MASA TANAMAN BELUM MENGHASILKAN
Authors: Sayurandi Sayurandi , Suhendry Irwan , Pasaribu Syarifah Aini
Published: October 2016

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi kinerja beberapa klon karet pada pengujian adaptasi selama masa tanaman belum menghasilkan. Sebanyak sembilan klon karet yaitu  IRR 5, IRR 104,  IRR 112, IRR 118, IRR 119, IRR 230, PB 217, RRIM 921, RRII 105 dan klon pembanding PB 260 diuji dalam penelitian ini. Pengujian adaptasi dilakukan pada dua daerah yang memiliki agroekosistem yang berbeda, yaitu  Gunung Tua yang  terletak di Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara  memiliki iklim yang lebih kering dan Batang Toru terletak di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan memiliki iklim yang lebih basah. Pengujian adaptasi dibangun pada tahun 2005 dan 2007 dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK). Pengamatan karakter  pertumbuhan lilit batang dilakukan pada umur 2, 3 dan 4 tahun, sedangkan karakter tebal kulit dan anatomi kulit diamati pada umur 4 tahun. Intensitas serangan penyakit gugur daun Oidium, Colletotrichum, dan Corynespora diamati pada umur 3 tahun. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa klon IRR 104 dan IRR 118 memiliki pertumbuhan yang cukup jagur di daerah kering, sedangkan klon IRR 5, IRR 112, PB 217 dan RRIM 921 memiliki pertumbuhan paling jagur pada kondisi iklim lebih basah. Berdasarkan karakter tebal kulit dan anatomi kulit menunjukkan klon IRR 5, PB 217, RRII 105, dan RRIM 921 memiliki karakter tebal kulit paling tinggi, sedangkan klon IRR 5, IRR 104, IRR 112, IRR 118, dan IRR 230 memiliki karakter anatomi kulit yang cukup baik. Semua klon yang diuji tergolong agak resisten hingga resisten terhadap penyakit gugur daun Oidium, Colletotrichum, dan Corynespora.Diterima : 8 Oktober 2013; Direvisi : 24 Desember 2013; Disetujui : 4 Maret 2014  How to Cite : Sayurandi., Suhendry, I., & Pasaribu, S. A. (2014). Pengujian adaptasi beberapa klon karet pada masa tanaman belum menghasilkan. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 32(1), 1-9. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/144
Sampul Depan 32 2 2014
Authors: Puspitasari Santi
Published: October 2016

Sampul Depan 32 2 2014
UJI ADAPTASI KLON KARET IRR SERI 100 PADA AGROKLIMAT KERING DI KEBUN SUNGEI BALEH KABUPATEN ASAHAN SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Daslin Aidi , Pasaribu Syarifah Aini
Published: October 2016

Kegiatan pemuliaan karet pada generasi seleksi ke empat (1985-2010) telah menghasilkan berbagai jenis klon unggul diantaranya klon IRR seri 100.  Informasi kinerja yang lebih luas dari berbagai klon  unggul baru diperlukan  untuk pengembangan perkebunan karet pada lokasi tertentu. Percobaan adaptasi klon dibangun tahun 2002 di Kebun Sungei Baleh, PT. Bakrie Sumatra Plantation, bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi pertumbuhan dan produksi khususnya di daerah Kabupaten Asahan, Sumatera Utara.  Bahan pengujian adalah 14 klon IRR seri 100, yaitu IRR 100, IRR 104, IRR 105, IRR 107, IRR 109, IRR 110, IRR 111, IRR 112, IRR 117, IRR 118, IRR 120, dengan klon pembanding PB 260, menggunakan rancangan  acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan, tiap plot terdiri dari  550 pohon (11 baris x 50 tanaman), jarak tanam 2,8 x 5,2 m.  Observasi dilakukan terhadap produktivitas karet kering  dengan sistem sadap 1/2S d/3. ET 2,5% (disadap setengah spiral, frekuensi sekali tiga hari, menggunakan stimulant Etefon 2,5%). Sifat pertumbuhan yang diamati adalah lilit batang, rata-rata pertambahan lilit batang per tahun, dan tebal kulit, masing-masing diamati pada ketinggian  setinggi 150 cm dari permukaan tanah,  sedangkan sifat fisiologi yang diamati adalah kecepatan aliran lateks dan indeks penyumbatan.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa klon IRR 107  dan IRR 112 memiliki  produktivitas karet kering  tertinggi masing-masing 1.527 kg/ha/th dan 1.426 kg/ha/th, pertumbuhan yang cepat dengan  rata-rata pertambahan lilit batang sebelum sadap antara 13,0 cm – 13,4 cm per tahun dan setelah penyadapan 3,9 cm - 4,3 cm per tahun. Klon IRR 107 dan IRR 112  memiliki potensi keunggulan yang baik dan secara spesifik sesuai dikembangkan  di kebun Sungei Baleh, Asahan, Sumatera Utara. Diterima : 19 November 2014; Direvisi : 9 Februari 2015; Disetujui : 21 April 2015 How to Cite : Daslin, A., & Pasaribu, S. A. (2015). Uji adaptasi klon karet IRR seri 100 pada agroklimat kering di Kebun Sungei Baleh Kabupaten Asahan Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 33(1), 25-34. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/168
UJI COBA PEMBUATAN PELUNAK KARET ALAMI BERBASIS MINYAK JARAK PAGAR EPOKSI
Authors: Kinasih Norma Arisanti , Cifriadi Adi
Published: October 2016

Hasil penelitian pendahulan diketahui bahwa penggunaaan minyak jarak pagar epoksi memiliki kompatiblitas yang baik dengan vulkanisat karet NBR dan mampu menggantikan pelunak dioktil flalat (DOP). Kompatibilitas yang baik, serta besarnya peluang pasar minyak nabati epoksi yang mencapai 50 ribu ton per tahun maka perlu dilakukan upaya untuk memproduksi minyak jarak pagar epoksi dalam skala lebih besar. Pada penelitian ini akan digunakan hasil percobaan laboratorium sebagai acuan peningkatan skala produksi minyak jarak pagar epoksi. Proses produksi peningkatan skala dilakukan dengan sistem batch. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan mengenai kondisi dan karakteristik produksi tahap peningkatan skala (rendemen produksi), kualitas produk yang dihasilkan serta stabilitas kualitas produk selama masa penyimpanan 1 bulan di suhu ruang. Peningkatan skala menghasilkan rendemen minyak jarak pagar epoksi murni sebesar 65,11% dan nilai oksiran sebesar 1,43%. Kestabilan mutu produk epoksi selama 1 bulan penyimpanan cenderung tidak stabil. Hasil analisa statistik menunjukkan bahwa proses produksi sistem batch dan penyimpanan selama 1 bulan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap mutu produk epoksi.  Diterima : 9 Januari 2015; Direvisi : 28 Maret 2015; Disetujui : 7 Mei 2015  How to Cite : Kinasih, N. A., & Cifriadi, A. (2015). Uji coba pembuatan pelunak karet alami berbasis minyak jarak pagar epoksi. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 33(1), 91-100. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/175
Do Mobile Phone Applications Improve Glycemic Control (HbA1c) in the Self-management of Diabetes? A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and GRADE of 14 Randomized Trials
Authors: Hou Can , Carter Ben , Hewitt Jonathan , Francisa Trevor , Mayor Sharon
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the effect of mobile phone applications (apps) on glycemic control (HbA1c) in the self-management of diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Relevant studies that were published between 1 January 1996 and 1 June 2015 were searched from five databases: Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase. Randomized controlled trials that evaluated diabetes apps were included. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis and GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) of the evidence.

RESULTS

Participants from 14 studies (n = 1,360) were included and quality assessed. Although there may have been clinical diversity, all type 2 diabetes studies reported a reduction in HbA1c. The mean reduction in participants using an app compared with control was 0.49% (95% Cl 0.30, 0.68; I2 = 10%), with a moderate GRADE of evidence. Subgroup analyses indicated that younger patients were more likely to benefit from the use of diabetes apps, and the effect size was enhanced with health care professional feedback. There was inadequate data to describe the effectiveness of apps for type 1 diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS

Apps may be an effective component to help control HbA1c and could be considered as an adjuvant intervention to the standard self-management for patients with type 2 diabetes. Given the reported clinical effect, access, and nominal cost of this technology, it is likely to be effective at the population level. The functionality and use of this technology need to be standardized, but policy and guidance are anticipated to improve diabetes self-management care.
Long-term Mortality and End-Stage Renal Disease in a Type 1 Diabetes Population Diagnosed at Age 15–29 Years in Norway
Authors: Gagnum Vibeke , Stene Lars C. , Leivestad Torbjørn , Joner Geir , Skrivarhaug Torild
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE

To study long-term mortality, causes of death, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in people diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at age 15–29 years.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This nationwide, population-based cohort with type 1 diabetes diagnosed during 1978–1982 (n = 719) was followed from diagnosis until death, emigration, or September 2013. Linkages to the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry and the Norwegian Renal Registry provided information on causes of death and whether ESRD was present. A clinical committee reviewed the causes of death. We calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for comparison with the background population.

RESULTS

During 30 years’ follow-up, 4.6% of participants developed ESRD and 20.6% (n = 148; 106 men and 42 women) died. Cumulative mortality by years since diagnosis was 6.0% (95% CI 4.5–8.0) at 10 years, 12.2% (10.0–14.8) at 20 years, and 18.4% (15.8–21.5) at 30 years. The SMR was 4.4 (95% CI 3.7–5.1). Mean time from diagnosis of diabetes to ESRD was 23.6 years (range 14.2–33.5). Death was caused by chronic complications (32.2%), acute complications (20.5%), violent death (19.9%), or any other cause (27.4%). Death was related to alcohol in 15% of cases. SMR for alcohol-related death was 6.8 (95% CI 4.5–10.3), for cardiovascular death was 7.3 (5.4–10.0), and for violent death was 3.6 (2.3–5.3).

CONCLUSIONS

The cumulative incidence of ESRD was low in this cohort with type 1 diabetes followed for 30 years. Mortality was 4.4 times that of the general population, and more than 50% of all deaths were caused by acute or chronic complications. A relatively high proportion of deaths were related to alcohol.