bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐Type Photochromism of New Helical Naphthopyrans: Synthesis and Photochemical, Photophysical and Theoretical Study
Authors: Frigoli Michel , Marrot Jérôme , Gentili Pier Luigi , Jacquemin Denis , Vagnini Manuela , Pannacci Danilo , Ortica Fausto
Published: June 2015

Two novel helical naphthopyrans have been synthesised. The helical scaffold has the interesting effect of increasing the thermal stability of the transoid‐trans (TT) open isomer formed upon UV irradiation of the closed form (CF), which transforms these naphthopyrans from thermal to photochemical photochromes. The photochromic performance is excellent in both polar and apolar solvents and the conversion percentage from the CF to the TT form can be as high as 92.8 %. We propose a new method to determine the quantum yields of the photochemical processes that lead to transoid‐cis (TC) and TT isomers, and their molar absorption coefficients. The thermal stability of the TT and TC isomers has been studied in different solvents. The quantum yields of fluorescence before and after irradiation, along with the decay lifetimes, have also been measured. TD‐DFT calculations have been performed to determine the relative thermodynamic stability of the species involved in the photochromic mechanism and to rationalise their spectral properties.
Detection and metabolic investigations of a novel designer steroid: 3‐chloro‐17α‐methyl‐5α‐androstan‐17β‐ol
Authors: Cawley Adam T. , Blakey Karen , Waller Christopher C. , McLeod Malcolm D. , Boyd Sue , Heather Alison , McGrath Kristine C. , Handelsman David J. , Willis Anthony C.
Published: June 2015

In 2012, seized capsules containing white powder were analyzed to show the presence of unknown steroid‐related compounds. Subsequent gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) investigations identified a mixture of 3α‐ and 3β‐ isomers of the novel compound; 3‐chloro‐17α‐methyl‐5α‐androstan‐17β‐ol. Synthesis of authentic reference materials followed by comparison of NMR, GC‐MS and gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (GC‐MS/MS) data confirmed the finding of a new ‘designer’ steroid. Furthermore, in vitro androgen bioassays showed potent activity highlighting the potential for doping using this steroid. Due to the potential toxicity of the halogenated steroid, in vitro metabolic investigations of 3α‐chloro‐17α‐methyl‐5α‐androstan‐17β‐ol using equine and human S9 liver fractions were performed. For equine, GC‐MS/MS analysis identified the diagnostic 3α‐chloro‐17α‐methyl‐5α‐androstane‐16α,17β‐diol metabolite. For human, the 17α‐methyl‐5α‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol metabolite was found. Results from these studies were used to verify the ability of GC‐MS/MS precursor‐ion scanning techniques to support untargeted detection strategies for designer steroids in anti‐doping analyses. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ba2B6O11, a Member of the BaO‐B2O3 Family, Featuring a Layer Framework
Authors: Liu Lili , Yang Yun , Dong Xiaoyu , Lei Chen , Han Shujuan , Pan Shilie
Published: June 2015

Ba2B6O11, a new member of the BaO‐B2O3 family, has been found and features a layered structure. The single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis revealed that Ba2B6O11 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c. The parameters of the monoclinic unit cell are a = 9.115(1), b = 7.773(1), c = 12.696(2) Å, β = 100.325(9)°, and Z = 4. The new centrosymmetric alkaline earth metal borate, Ba2B6O11, is characterized by a 2D B–O framework composed of the basic building block (B6O14) with the Ba2+ cations filling the channels formed by the (B6O14) units or located between the (B6O10)∞ layers. Ba2B6O11 has a short cut‐off edge of 240 nm. Based on a theoretical calculation, it has been proven that Ba2B6O11 has a birefringence of 0.04 and a relatively large indirect band gap of 4.94 eV, which is close to the experimental value of 5.17 eV. Its structure is discussed in terms of the B–O framework and dimensional reduction formalism together with the other structures reported in the BaO‐B2O3 phase diagram.
Camelina oil as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids for the production of human milk fat substitutes catalyzed by a heterologous Rhizopus oryzae lipase
Authors: Faustino Ana Rita , Osório Natália M. , Tecelão Carla , Canet Albert , Valero Francisco , Ferreira‐Dias Suzana
Published: June 2015

This study aims to produce human milk fat substitutes (HMFS) rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), mainly the essential omega‐3 linolenic acid, by acidolysis reaction between tripalmitin (PPP) and free fatty acids (FFA) from camelina oil, in stirred batch reactor and solvent‐free media. The non‐commercial heterologous Rhizopus oryzae lipase (rROL), immobilized on Lewatit VP OC 1600 or on Relizyme OD403/S, and the immobilized commercial lipase from Rhizomucor miehei (Lipozyme RM IM) were tested as biocatalysts. Both lipases are sn‐1,3 selective. After 24 h reaction at 60°C, using biocatalyst loads of 5 wt% (in relation to tripalmitin), 48.9, 43.6, and 18.3 mol% of fatty acid incorporation in triacylglycerols (TAG) were obtained with Lipozyme RM IM and rROL immobilized on Lewatit or on Relizyme, respectively. rROL immobilized on Lewatit was selected as biocatalyst for the acidolysis, as alternative to the commercial immobilized lipases. With this biocatalyst, the molar incorporation increased with its initial water activity (0.55–0.95). Modeling acidolysis catalyzed by rROL immobilized on Lewatit was performed by response surface methodology, as a function of temperature (58–72°C) and molar ratio FFA:PPP (1.2:1–6.8:1). The highest PPP consumption was achieved at 60°C with a molar ratio of 2:1. The yield of HMFS (new TAG) increased from 42.6 wt% (5% biocatalyst load) to 52% with 8% load, after 24 h acidolysis.

Practical applications: Camelina oil showed to be a good source of PUFA, mainly essential fatty acids, to incorporate in HMFS. After 24 h acidolysis under optimized conditions, catalyzed by the non‐commercial sn‐1,3 regioselective rROL immobilized on Lewatit VP OC 1600, the TAG fraction contains 67.7 mol% of palmitic acid at position 2. These structured lipids rich in PUFA can be used in blends with 1,3‐dioleoyl‐2‐palmitoyl‐glycerol (OPO) in order to mimic the human milk fat. The performance of this biocatalyst was comparable to that observed with Lipozyme RM IM. The replacement of high‐cost commercial immobilized lipases by rROL immobilized on Lewatit may reduce the biocatalyst cost. In addition, since the best molar ratio FFA:PPP for rROL is 2:1, i.e., the stoichiometric value for the acidolysis catalyzed by sn‐1,3 regioselective lipases, the use of this biocatalyst will reduce downstream costs related with unconverted FFA recovery.

The performance of rROL immobilized on Lewatit VPOC 1600 is comparable to that of Lipozyme RM IM. After 24 h acidolysis, under optimized conditions, triacylglycerols contain 67.8 mol% palmitic acid at position‐2.
Quality control of refined oils mixed with palm oil during repeated deep‐frying using FT‐NIRS, GC, HPLC, and multivariate analysis
Authors: Zribi Akram , Jabeur Hazem , Matthäus Bertrand , Bouaziz Mohamed
Published: June 2015

Frying performance of blends of a monounsaturated oil like refined olive oil (ROO) or a polyunsaturated oil such as refined soybean oil (RSO) with a refined oil rich in saturated fatty acids like refined palm oil (RPO) was investigated by assessing their chemical changes during 50 successive deep‐frying sessions of potato fries at 180°C. The blends were prepared in the volume ratio of 80:20 (ROO/RPO and RSO/RPO). Indeed, the chemical properties of the frying oil blends were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by type and concentration of oil compounds. The ROO/RPO blend exhibited the highest chemical stability during the frying process, and the RSO/RPO blend showed the lowest stability. In fact, 25% of total polar compounds were exceeded after 40 successive deep‐frying sessions for the ROO/RPO blend, whereas after 30 sessions for the RSO/RPO blend. Finally, ROO/RPO blend revealed better frying performance than that of RSO/RPO, as confirmed by both statistical analyses such as principal component analysis (PCA) and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Practical applications: The use of the newly proposed product which is characterized by a strong thermo‐oxidative stability during repeated deep‐frying like refined olive oil (ROO)/refined palm oil (RPO) blend is a promising possibility. It is hoped that the data obtained from this research study may help food manufacturers to decide on the suitable oils for their frying operations.

Application of FT‐NIRS, GC, HPLC, and multivariate analysis proved that the newly proposed product ROO/RPO blend characterized by a strong thermo‐oxidative stability is a suitable oil for frying operations.
CF3‐Carbenoid C–H Functionalization of (Hetero)arenes under Chelation‐Controlled RhIII Catalysis
Authors: Iagafarova Irina E. , Vorobyeva Daria V. , Peregudov Alexander S. , Osipov Sergey N.
Published: June 2015

An efficient method for the CF3‐carbenoid C–H functionalization of benzenes and indoles using readily available methyl 3,3,3‐trifluoro‐2‐diazopropionate as a cross‐coupling partner under chelation‐controlled RhIII catalysis has been developed. The reactions proceeded smoothly with high regioselectivity in a few hours and allowed the simultaneous introduction of CF3 and carboxylate functions into the 2‐position of directing‐group‐containing benzenes and indoles.
Synthesis of N‐Acyl‐N,O‐acetals from Aldehydes, Amides and Alcohols
Authors: Halli Juliette , Hofman Kamil , Beisel Tamara , Manolikakes Georg
Published: June 2015

A general synthesis of N‐acyl‐N,O‐acetals from aldehydes, amides and alcohols is reported. This new method consists of two single steps: (a) magnesium‐mediated addition of an amide or carbamate to an aldehyde and (b) acid‐catalyzed conversion of the N‐acylhemiaminal to the N‐acyl‐N,O‐acetal. This two‐step protocol allows the multigram synthesis of various N‐acyl‐O‐alkyl‐N,O‐acetals.
Perfusion shift from white to gray matter may account for processing speed deficits in schizophrenia
Authors: Wright Susan N. , Hong L. Elliot , Winkler Anderson M. , Chiappelli Joshua , Nugent Katie , Muellerklein Florian , Du Xioming , Rowland Laura M. , Wang Danny J. J. , Kochunov Peter
Published: June 2015

Reduced speed of cerebral information processing is a cognitive deficit associated with schizophrenia. Normal information processing speed (PS) requires intact white matter (WM) physiology to support information transfer. In a cohort of 107 subjects (47/60 patients/controls), we demonstrate that PS deficits in schizophrenia patients are explained by reduced WM integrity, which is measured using diffusion tensor imaging, mediated by the mismatch in WM/gray matter blood perfusion, and measured using arterial spin labeling. Our findings are specific to PS, and testing this hypothesis for patient‐control differences in working memory produces no explanation. We demonstrate that PS deficits in schizophrenia can be explained by neurophysiological alterations in cerebral WM. Whether the disproportionately low WM integrity in schizophrenia is due to illness or secondary due to this disorder deserves further examination. Hum Brain Mapp 36:3793–3804, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential associations of age with volume and microstructure of hippocampal subfields in healthy older adults
Authors: Wolf Dominik , Fischer Florian U. , de Flores Robin , Chételat Gaël , Fellgiebel Andreas
Published: June 2015

Hippocampal atrophy in advanced healthy aging has frequently been reported. However, the vulnerability of different hippocampal subfields to age‐related atrophy is still a source of debate. Moreover, the association of age with the microstructural integrity of subfields is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the associations between age and volume as well as microstructural integrity of hippocampal subfields using a three‐dimensional (3D) surface mapping approach. Forty‐three healthy older adults spanning the age range from 60 to 85 years underwent T1‐weighted and diffusion‐tensor imaging. Analyses demonstrated an association of age with hippocampal volume predominantly in the most anterior part of the hippocampal head, mainly corresponding to the subiculum. In contrast, the association of age with hippocampal microstructural integrity was mainly confined to regions located in the hippocampal body and tail, corresponding to the subiculum and CA1. Results indicate that age‐related volumetric and microstructural alterations within hippocampal subfields provide complementary information and reflect different age‐related processes. Potential mechanisms underlying the differential associations of age with volume and microstructure of hippocampal subfields are discussed. Hum Brain Mapp 36:3819–3831, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mothers', fathers' and children's perceptions of parents' expectations about children's family obligations in nine countries
Authors: Lansford Jennifer E. , Godwin Jennifer , Alampay Liane Peña , Uribe Tirado Liliana Maria , Zelli Arnaldo , Al‐Hassan Suha M. , Bacchini Dario , Bombi Anna Silvia , Bornstein Marc H. , Chang Lei , Deater‐Deckard Kirby , Di Giunta Laura , Dodge Kenneth A. , Malone Patrick S. , Oburu Paul , Pastorelli Concetta , Skinner Ann T. , Sorbring Emma , Tapanya Sombat
Published: June 2015

Children's family obligations involve assistance and respect that children are expected to provide to immediate and extended family members and reflect beliefs related to family life that may differ across cultural groups. Mothers, fathers and children (N = 1432 families) in 13 cultural groups in 9 countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand and United States) reported on their expectations regarding children's family obligations and parenting attitudes and behaviours. Within families, mothers and fathers had more concordant expectations regarding children's family obligations than did parents and children. Parenting behaviours that were warmer, less neglectful and more controlling as well as parenting attitudes that were more authoritarian were related to higher expectations regarding children's family obligations between families within cultures as well as between cultures. These international findings advance understanding of children's family obligations by contextualising them both within families and across a number of diverse cultural groups in 9 countries.
Microtubule‐associated proteins as direct crosslinkers of actin filaments and microtubules
Authors: Mohan Renu , John Annie
Published: June 2015

The cytoskeletal polymers—actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments—are interlinked by coordinated protein interactions to form a complex three‐dimensional cytoskeletal network. Association of actin filaments with microtubules is important for various cellular processes such as cell division, migration, vesicle and organelle transport, and axonal growth. Several proteins including signaling molecules, motor proteins, and proteins directly or indirectly associated with microtubules and actin are involved in bridging the cytoskeletal components. Microtubule‐associated proteins (MAPs) belonging to the MAP1, 2, 4 family and Tau proteins have been identified as key players that directly crosslink the two cytoskeletons. This review summarizes the current understanding of the interactions of these MAPs with actin filaments and their role in forming the actin–microtubule network and further discusses how the in vitro reconstitution assays can be used to study the dynamics of coordinated networks. Understanding the mechanisms by which actin and microtubules interact is key to decipher cancer, wound healing, and neuronal regeneration. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(6):395–403, 2015
Differential sensitivity of lipegfilgrastim and pegfilgrastim to neutrophil elastase correlates with differences in clinical pharmacokinetic profile
Authors: Abdolzade‐Bavil Afsaneh , von Kerczek Aaron , Cooksey Bridget A. , Kaufman Thomas , Krasney Philip A. , Pukac Laurie , Görlach Matthias , Lammerich Andreas , Scheckermann Christian , Allgaier Hermann , Shen Wenyan David , Liu Patrick M.
Published: June 2015

To assess the basis of the different half‐lives of long‐acting human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) drugs, the effect of neutrophil elastase on lipegfilgrastim and pegfilgrastim was investigated. Sensitivity to human neutrophil elastase (HNE) was evaluated by incubating the drugs with HNE followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). Drugs were also incubated with isolated human neutrophils followed by Western blot analysis. Lipegfilgrastim was more resistant to degradation with HNE or neutrophils than pegfilgrastim and appeared more intact on SDS‐PAGE gels and Western blots. Lipegfilgrastim retained more functional activity than pegfilgrastim after incubation with HNE (67% vs ∼9%, respectively) or neutrophils (80% vs ∼4%, respectively) as assessed in an NFS‐60 cell–based [3H]‐thymidine incorporation assay. The binding and affinity of untreated lipegfilgrastim and pegfilgrastim for G‐CSF receptors were evaluated using an NFS‐60 competitive G‐CSF receptor‐binding assay and surface plasmon resonance. Untreated drugs were also evaluated in the functional NFS‐60 thymidine incorporation assay. G‐CSF receptor binding, receptor affinity, and functional activity were comparable between untreated drugs. The results showed a greater resistance to neutrophil elastase degradation and concomitant retention of functional activity of lipegfilgrastim compared with pegfilgrastim, which potentially explains the clinical observations of a longer half‐life of lipegfilgrastim versus pegfilgrastim.
A clip‐based protocol for breast boost radiotherapy provides clear target visualisation and demonstrates significant volume reduction over time
Authors: Lewis Lorraine , Cox Jennifer , Morgia Marita , Atyeo John , Lamoury Gillian
Published: June 2015

Introduction

The clinical target volume (CTV) for early stage breast cancer is difficult to clearly identify on planning computed tomography (CT) scans. Surgical clips inserted around the tumour bed should help to identify the CTV, particularly if the seroma has been reabsorbed, and enable tracking of CTV changes over time.

Methods

A surgical clip‐based CTV delineation protocol was introduced. CTV visibility and its post‐operative shrinkage pattern were assessed. The subjects were 27 early stage breast cancer patients receiving post‐operative radiotherapy alone and 15 receiving post‐operative chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy. The radiotherapy alone (RT/alone) group received a CT scan at median 25 days post‐operatively (CT1rt) and another at 40 Gy, median 68 days (CT2rt). The chemotherapy/RT group (chemo/RT) received a CT scan at median 18 days post‐operatively (CT1ch), a planning CT scan at median 126 days (CT2ch), and another at 40 Gy (CT3ch).

Results

There was no significant difference (P = 0.08) between the initial mean CTV for each cohort. The RT/alone cohort showed significant CTV volume reduction of 38.4% (P = 0.01) at 40 Gy. The Chemo/RT cohort had significantly reduced volumes between CT1ch: median 54 cm3 (4–118) and CT2ch: median 16 cm3, (2–99), (P = 0.01), but no significant volume reduction thereafter.

Conclusion

Surgical clips enable localisation of the post‐surgical seroma for radiotherapy targeting. Most seroma shrinkage occurs early, enabling CT treatment planning to take place at 7 weeks, which is within the 9 weeks recommended to limit disease recurrence.
Interferon‐inducible Protein 6‐16 (IFI‐6‐16, ISG16) promotes Hepatitis C virus replication in vitro
Authors: Chen Shan , Li Shilin , Chen Limin
Published: June 2015

Interferon‐inducible protein 6‐16 (IFI‐6‐16, ISG16) is one of the interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) whose expression levels can be induced by type I interferons. Previous studies from our group indicated that higher expression levels of ISG16 were detected in the pre‐treatment liver tissues of patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) who do not respond to interferon‐based therapy. However, its role in HCV production is not well defined. This study is to test the effect of over‐expression of ISG16 on HCV RNA replication and IFN anti‐HCV activity in both HCV replicon cells and JFH‐1 HCV culture system (HCVcc). Expression plasmid of ISG16 was constructed and transfected into HCV replicon cells or JFH‐1 HCV culture system. After confirmation of the successful expression of ISG16 at mRNA (real‐time PCR) and protein (Western Blot) levels, HCV RNA level was analyzed by real‐time quantitative PCR in the absence or presence of interferon‐α. Over‐expression of ISG16 promoted HCV RNA replication in both the Con1b replicon and the HCV JFH‐1‐based cell culture system and blunted the anti‐HCV activity of IFN‐α. In conclusion, Over‐expression of ISG16 promotes HCV RNA replication and rescues the IFNα‐mediated anti‐HCV activity. J. Med. Virol. 88:109–114, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Handgrip strength and dysphagia assessment following cardiac surgery
Authors: Hathaway Bridget , Baumann Brooke , Byers Sara , Wasserman‐Wincko Tamara , Badhwar Vinay , Johnson Jonas
Published: June 2015

Objectives/Hypothesis

Prolonged intubation has been recognized as a risk factor for dysphagia following cardiac surgery. We conducted a study to determine whether those patients intubated longer than 12 hours following cardiac surgery exhibit low handgrip strength and if dysphagia is prevalent in those with low handgrip strength.

Study Design

Feasibility study.

Methods

Patients intubated more than 12 hours after cardiac surgery were enrolled. Handgrip strength was measured. If subjects were found to have low grip strength they underwent clinical swallowing exam by a speech‐language pathologist followed by modified barium swallow (MBS) to assess for dysphagia. Severity of dysphagia was assessed with the Penetration‐Aspiration Scale (PAS) and need for diet modification.

Results

Eighty‐six percent (12/14) of patients tested had low handgrip strength. Eight patients with low grip strength completed the bedside swallowing exam and MBS. Four of the eight patients (50%) had deep laryngeal penetration (PAS scores 4–5) on MBS and three (38%) patients were found to have silent aspiration (PAS 8). The findings on MBS resulted in the recommendation of a swallowing strategy and/or modified diet for six of the eight (80%) patients. Nonoral feedings were recommended for two patients (25%) based on MBS results.

Conclusions

A majority of patients intubated >12 hours after cardiac surgery exhibit low handgrip strength. Dysphagia is prevalent among those with low handgrip strength. The role of frailty measures in screening for dysphagia deserves further investigation.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 125:2330–2332, 2015
Differences in survival outcome between stage I and stage II glottic cancer: A SEER‐based analysis
Authors: Chen Jonathan J. , Stessin Alexander , Christos Paul , Wernicke A. Gabriella , Nori Dattatreyudu , Parashar Bhupesh
Published: June 2015

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the cause‐specific survival (CSS) of stage I (tumor [T]1 node [N]0 metastasis [M]0) versus stage II (T2N0M0) glottic cancer in a large population cohort.

Study Design

We analyzed data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 database from 1973 to 2009, comprising patients diagnosed with T1N0M0 or T2N0M0 squamous cell glottic cancer. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis, multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, and competing‐risks survival regression were used for statistical analysis.

Results

There were 4,422 patients who met all inclusion criteria. The 36‐month CSS was 93.9% for stage I verus 86.5% for stage II, with P < 0.0001. Stage II status conferred a 2.494 hazard ratio for increased risk of cause‐specific death compared to stage I.

Conclusions

Stage II glottic cancers have a significantly worse prognosis and may need a different approach to management than stage I tumors.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 125:2093–2098, 2015
Sinonasal outcomes in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Kuan Edward C. , Tajudeen Bobby A. , Peng Kevin A. , Wang Marilene B.
Published: June 2015

Objectives/Hypothesis

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common adult and pediatric sleep disorder, which, if left untreated, is associated with severe medical consequences. Otolaryngologists are often challenged by the impact of OSAS on sinonasal symptoms, as well as by the contribution of primary nasal disorders to exacerbation of OSAS. The objectives of this study are to explore the relationship between patients with known OSAS and quality‐of‐life outcomes as measured by 22‐iem Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) questionnaire scores.

Study Design

Retrospective chart review.

Methods

Patients with a polysomnographic diagnosis of OSAS completed SNOT‐22 questionnaires. SNOT‐22 questionnaire items were subcategorized into rhinologic, nonrhinologic otolaryngic, sleep, and psychological symptoms. Total, individual, and subcategorized SNOT‐22 scores were correlated with apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI), body mass index (BMI), lowest oxygen desaturation, and sleep efficiency using Spearman rank correlation.

Results

A total of 30 consecutive OSAS patients were included in the analysis. BMI was positively correlated with nonrhinologic otolaryngic symptoms (P = .03), specifically ear fullness (P = .02) and facial pain/pressure (P = .04). AHI was negatively correlated with postnasal drip (P = .02). Lowest oxygen saturation was correlated with reduced productivity (P = .03). Sleep efficiency was negatively correlated with difficulty falling asleep (P = .03) and feelings of frustration (P = .01), with a trend toward significant correlation with overall sleep symptoms (P = .08).

Conclusions

Several sinonasal complaints appear to be correlated with OSAS severity. As such, otolaryngologists should utilize a comprehensive approach to the care of the OSAS patient, with special attention to sinonasal factors.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 125:2617–2620, 2015
Quantitative laryngeal electromyography assessment of cricothyroid function in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis
Authors: Fang Tuan‐Jen , Pei Yu‐Cheng , Hsin Li‐Jen , Lin Wan‐Ni , Lee Li‐Ang , Li Hsueh‐Yu , Wong Alice M. K.
Published: June 2015

Objectives/Hypothesis

Determination of superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) involvement in addition to recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) paralysis in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) relies on traditional, qualitative laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) examination. It is necessary to develop a quantitative measurement that reflects the degree of denervation of the cricothyroid (CT) muscle. The present study aimed to establish a standard quantitative assessment of CT function in patients with UVFP by measuring the turn frequency.

Study Design

Case series study performed in an otolaryngology outpatient clinic.

Methods

Twenty healthy subjects and 103 patients with UVFP were recruited. The main outcome measures for the patients included acoustic analysis using traditional LEMG examination, quantitative LEMG analysis, and acoustic analysis based on fundamental frequency contours.

Results

Acoustic reliability was examined in the healthy subjects, and the peak fundamental frequency in an upward glissando showed good test–retest reliability, especially for the offset fundamental frequency. LEMG indicated that 33 patients had RLN and SLN lesions (RLN + SLN group) and 70 had only RLN lesions (RLN group). When patients produced a standard upward glissando sound, the peak turn frequency reflecting the recruitment of the CT muscle was significantly lower in the RLN + SLN group compared with the RLN group (406 ± 256 vs. 778 ± 238 Hz; P < .001).

Conclusions

We conclude that quantitative measurement of the interference pattern when voicing a standard upward glissando sound may provide a feasible reflection of the degree of a SLN injury.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 125:2530–2535, 2015
Effect of environmental factors on Internet searches related to sinusitis
Authors: Willson Thomas J. , Lospinoso Joshua , Weitzel Erik K. , McMains Kevin C.
Published: June 2015

Objectives/Hypothesis

Sinusitis significantly affects the population of the United States, exacting direct cost and lost productivity. Patients are likely to search the Internet for information related to their health before seeking care by a healthcare professional. Utilizing data generated from these searches may serve as an epidemiologic surrogate.

Study Design

A retrospective time series analysis was performed.

Methods

Google search trend data from the Dallas–Fort Worth metro region for the years 2012 and 2013 were collected from www.google.com/trends for terms related to sinusitis based on literature outlining the most important symptoms for diagnosis. Additional terms were selected based on common English language terms used to describe the disease. Twelve months of data from the same time period and location for common pollutants (nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide, and particulates), pollen and mold counts, and influenza‐like illness were also collected. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficients, and potential search activity predictors were assessed using autoregressive integrated moving average.

Results

Pearson correlation was strongest between the terms congestion and influenza‐like illness (r = 0.615), and sinus and influenza‐like illness (r = 0.534) and nitrogen dioxide (r = 0.487). Autoregressive integrated moving average analysis revealed ozone, influenza‐like illness, and nitrogen dioxide levels to be potential predictors for sinus pressure searches, with estimates of 0.118, 0.349, and 0.438, respectively. Nitrogen dioxide was also a potential predictor for the terms congestion and sinus, with estimates of 0.191 and 0.272, respectively.

Conclusions

Google search activity for related terms follow the pattern of seasonal influenza‐like illness and nitrogen dioxide. These data highlight the epidemiologic potential of this novel surveillance method.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 125:2447–2450, 2015
Implication of Gypsum Rates to Optimize Hydraulic Conductivity for Variable‐Texture Saline–Sodic Soils Reclamation
Authors: Ahmad Sagheer , Ghafoor Abdul , Akhtar Muhammad E. , Khan Muhammad Z.
Published: June 2015

Sodium (Na+) dominated soils reduce saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) by clay dispersion and plugging pores, while gypsum (CaSO4•2H2O) application counters these properties. However, variable retrieval of texturally different saline–sodic soils with gypsum at soil gypsum requirement (SGR) devised to define its quantity best suited to improve Ks, leach Na+ and salts. This study comprised loamy‐sand (LS), sandy loam (SL), and clay loam (CL) soils with electrical conductivity of saturation extract (ECe) of ~8 dS m−1, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of ~44 (mmol L−1)1/2 and exchangeable sodium of ~41%, receiving no gypsum (G0), gypsum at 25% (G25), 50% (G50) and 75% (G75) of SGR. Soils packed in lysimeters were leached with low‐carbonate water [EC at 0·39 dS m−1, SAR at 0·56 (mmol L−1)1/2 and residual sodium carbonate at 0·15 mmolc L−1]. It proved that a rise in gypsum rate amplified Ks of LS ≫ SL > CL. However, Ks of LS soil at G25 and others at G75 remained efficient for salts and Na+ removal. Retention of calcium with magnesium (Ca2+ + Mg2+) by LS and SL soils increased by G50 and decreased in G75, while in CL, it also increased with G75. The enhanced Na+ leaching efficiency in LS soil with G25 was envisaged by water stay for sufficient time to dissolve gypsum and exchange and leach out Na+. Overall, the superiority of gypsum for LS at G25, SL at G50 and CL at G75 predicted cost‐effective soil reclamation with a decrease in ECe and SAR below 0·97 dS m−1 and 5·92 (mmol L−1)1/2, respectively. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A mathematical model for continuous crystallization
Authors: Rachah A. , Noll D. , Espitalier F. , Baillon F.
Published: June 2015

J. Banasiak We discuss a mixed‐suspension, mixed‐product removal crystallizer operated at thermodynamic equilibrium. We derive and discuss the mathematical model based on population and mass balance equations and prove local existence and uniqueness of solutions using the method of characteristics. We also discuss the global existence of solutions for continuous and batch mode. Finally, a numerical simulation of a continuous crystallizer in steady state is presented. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the application of higher‐order elements in the hierarchical interface‐enriched finite element method
Authors: Soghrati Soheil , Barrera Jorge L.
Published: June 2015

This article introduces a new algorithm for evaluating enrichment functions in the higher‐order hierarchical interface‐enriched finite element method (HIFEM), which enables the fully mesh‐independent simulation of multiphase problems with intricate morphologies. The proposed hierarchical enrichment technique can accurately capture gradient discontinuities along materials interfaces that are in close proximity, in contact, and even intersecting with one another using nonconforming finite element meshes for discretizing the problem. We study different approaches for creating higher‐order HIFEM enrichments corresponding to six‐node triangular elements and analyze the advantages and shortcomings of each approach. The preferred method, which yields the lowest computational cost and highest accuracy, relies on a special mapping between the local and global coordinate systems for evaluating enrichment functions. A comprehensive convergence study is presented to show that this method yields similar convergence rate and precision as those of the standard FEM with conforming meshes. Finally, we demonstrate the application of the higher‐order HIFEM for simulating the thermal and deformation responses of several materials systems and engineering problems with complex geometries. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fitted numerical method to investigate the effect of various parameters on an MHD flow over an inclined plate
Authors: Buzuzi George , Munyakazi Justin B. , Patidar Kailash C.
Published: June 2015

We design a suitable fitted operator finite difference method (FOFDM) to solve a model of an unsteady transient magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) free convective and mass transfer flow with thermophoresis past an inclined permeable plate in the presence of chemical reaction, thermal radiation, and temperature dependent viscosity. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations in the current model are transformed by a suitable similarity transformation into a system of ordinary differential equations which are then solved numerically using the FOFDM. The superiority of the proposed FOFDM over the standard finite difference method is proved theoretically and numerically. Furthermore, we illustrate the effect of various parameters on the temperature, concentration and velocity profiles using the FOFDM. It is observed that an increase in the viscosity parameter leads to a decrease in the temperature and an increase in the velocity. Results also show that an increase in the thermophoretic parameter leads to a decrease in the concentration. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 32: 106–120, 2016
Detection and role of minimal disseminated disease in children with lymphoblastic lymphoma: The AIEOP experience
Authors: Mussolin Lara , Buldini Barbara , Lovisa Federica , Carraro Elisa , Disarò Silvia , Nigro Luca Lo , d'Amore Emanuele S.G. , Pillon Marta , Basso Giuseppe
Published: June 2015

Background

The use of intensive chemotherapy regimens in children with lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) has significantly improved outcome, but the salvage rate for these patients is still poor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of minimal disseminated disease (MDD), studied by multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC), in pediatric patients with T‐ and B‐lineage LBL.

Procedure

We examined bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) samples from a series of 65 children affected by T‐ (52) and B‐lineage (13) LBL using an MFC method; 10 of them were also analyzed for clonality of T‐cell receptor gene rearrangements.

Results

MDD was detected in 49% (32/65) of BM samples, whereas only 21% (14/65) were positive at standard morphological evaluation. Findings from MFC analyses of paired BM and PB samples were highly concordant. We analyzed the prognostic significance of MDD results detected at diagnosis in morphologically negative patients, as almost all relapsed cases (10/11) did not have any morphological involvement of BM at diagnosis. Using an MDD cut‐off level of 3% by FCM (75th percentile), 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) was 60% (SE ± 22) for patients with MDD >3% LBL cells versus 83% (SE ± 6) for the remaining patients (P = 0.04). No statistically significant difference in EFS was observed between LBL patients considering all the other clinical characteristics.

Conclusions

Our data demonstrated that MDD studied at diagnosis by MFC could represent a useful prognostic tool in childhood LBL and further application for better stratification is warranted. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An experimental design approach in formulating a ceramifiable EVA/PDMS composite coating for electric cable insulation
Authors: Ferg E.E. , Hlangothi S.P. , Bambalaza S.
Published: June 2015

The study used d‐optimal mixture design of experiments to formulate a ceramifiable EVA/PDMS composite with optimized ceramified flexural strength properties after being exposed to elevated temperatures. The ideal amounts of inorganic fillers and their interaction within the polymer composite were studied. It was found that good polymer and ceramic properties were achieved when using 59% EVA/PDMS polymer blend with inorganic fillers of 11% calcium carbonate, 10% aluminium hydroxide, 11% muscovite mica, and 9% calcined kaolinite, respectively. TGA, SEM, and PXRD were employed to study the behavioral changes of the EVA/PDMS composite during and postceramification process. Although all inorganic fillers used were important, muscovite mica played a special role not only in the ceramification process, but also in keeping the ceramic product physically stable. Microstructural analysis of the cross‐sectional area of the ceramic product showed that it was multilayered with an inhomogeneous distribution of the chemical composition across its layers. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:371–380, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Is the Quebec provincial administrative database a valid source for research on chronic non‐cancer pain?
Authors: Lacasse Anaïs , Ware Mark A. , Dorais Marc , Lanctôt Hélène , Choinière Manon
Published: June 2015

Purpose

The objective of this study was to evaluate the validity of diagnostic codes recorded in the Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec (RAMQ) administrative database for identifying patients suffering from various types of chronic non‐cancer pain.

Methods

The validity of published International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, coding algorithms for identifying patients with particular chronic pain syndromes in the RAMQ database was tested using pain specialist‐established diagnostic data of 561 patients enrolled in the Quebec Pain Registry, which was used as the reference standard. Modified versions of these algorithms (i.e., adaptation of the number of healthcare encounters) were also tested. For each algorithm, sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative predictive values, and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated.

Results

In the RAMQ database, some previously published algorithms and modified versions of these algorithms were found to be valid for identifying patients suffering from chronic lumbar pain (sensitivity: 0.65, 95%CI: 0.59–0.71; specificity: 0.83, 95%CI: 0.79–0.87), chronic back pain (sensitivity: 0.70, 95%CI: 0.64–0.76; specificity: 0.73, 95%CI: 0.68–0.78), and chronic neck/back pain (sensitivity: 0.71, 95%CI: 0.65–0.76; specificity: 0.78, 95%CI: 0.72–0.82). Algorithms to identify patients with other types of chronic pain showed low sensitivity: complex regional pain syndrome (≤0.07), fibromyalgia (≤0.42), and neuropathic pain (≤0.39).

Conclusions

Our study provides evidence supporting the value of the RAMQ administrative database for conducting research on certain types of chronic pain disorders including back and neck pain. Users should, however, be cautious about the limitations of this database for studying other types of chronic pain syndromes such as complex regional pain syndrome, fibromyalgia, and neuropathic pain. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Principles of Situation Research: Towards a Better Understanding of Psychological Situations
Authors: Rauthmann John F. , Sherman Ryne A. , Funder David C.
Published: June 2015

There is currently no consensus on how to study psychological situations, and situation research is still riddled with problems of conceptualization (what is a situation and what is it not?) and measurement (how can situational information be assessed?). This target article formulates three core principles (with corollaries) to provide a foundation for psychological situation research: the Processing, Reality and Circularity Principles. These principles build upon each other, ranging from basic to more complex issues (e.g. how to study situations in both objective and subjective terms). They are intended to guide and spur more coherent research programs that produce cumulative knowledge on psychological situations. We conclude with a plea for real–life, multi–method, multi–situation, multi–time, multi–group designs that can illuminate the interwoven dynamics between persons (with their personalities and behaviour) and situations. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology
Contextualized Personality, beyond Traits
Authors: Dunlop William L.
Published: June 2015

Personality psychologists have become increasingly interested in how personality varies across social roles. Within this ‘contextualized’ approach, researchers almost invariably focus on assessing personality traits. Although these characteristics are no doubt important components of personality, there are many aspects of the person that are not adequately represented by traits. This article fleshes out the nature of these additional personality characteristics relevant to contextualized personality. I argue that, just as the study of personality in its generalized form has benefitted from recognition of three conceptual levels (viz. traits, goals and life narratives), so too would contextualized approaches to personality. Evidence of the predictive ability of context–specific goals and narratives is provided, as is discussion of the functional relations among variables at personality's three conceptual levels, and the interplay between contextualized and generalized self–representations. During this discussion, I argue for adoption of a relational meta–theory in the study of personality. Considerable gains can be made in understanding personhood by uniting appreciation of context with a multilevel conception of personality. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology
Alteration of the Helicobacter pylori membrane proteome in response to changes in environmental salt concentration
Authors: Voss Bradley J. , Loh John T. , Hill Salisha , Rose Kristie L. , McDonald W. Hayes , Cover Timothy L.
Published: June 2015

Purpose

Helicobacter pylori infection and a high dietary salt intake are each risk factors for the development of gastric cancer. We hypothesize that changes in environmental salt concentrations lead to alterations in the H. pylori membrane proteome.

Experimental design

Label‐free and iTRAQ methods were used to identify H. pylori proteins that change in abundance in response to alterations in environmental salt concentrations. In addition, we biotinylated intact bacteria that were grown under high‐ or low‐salt conditions, and thereby analyzed salt‐induced changes in the abundance of surface‐exposed proteins.

Results

Proteins with increased abundance in response to high salt conditions included CagA, the outer membrane protein HopQ, and fibronectin domain‐containing protein HP0746. Proteins with increased abundance in response to low salt conditions included VacA, two VacA‐like proteins (ImaA and FaaA), outer‐membrane iron transporter FecA3, and several proteins involved in flagellar activity. Consistent with the proteomic data, bacteria grown in high salt conditions exhibited decreased motility compared to bacteria grown in lower salt conditions.

Conclusion and clinical relevance

Alterations in the H. pylori membrane proteome in response to high salt conditions may contribute to the increased risk of gastric cancer associated with a high salt diet.
Effect of longitudinal stress on wave propagation in width‐constrained elastic plates with arbitrary Poisson's ratio
Authors: Sobieszczyk Paweł , Majka Marcin , Kuźma Dominika , Lim Teik‐Cheng , Zieliński Piotr
Published: June 2015

The Helmholtz wave equation is derived for longitudinal waves in an elastic plate of arbitrary thickness placed in a rigid gantry ensuring a constant width. The whole range of Poisson's ratio allowed for isotropic elastic media constrained in this way is considered. The wave speed is shown to increase under a constant longitudinal compressive stress applied to the front face of the plate and to decrease when the applied stress is tensile. The effect is most pronounced for zero Poisson's ratio and it vanishes for the limiting permitted values, i.e., 1 or −1. The reported results also describe the combined effect of longitudinal stress and Poisson's ratio on the wave speed. These findings provide guidelines for designing devices aimed at a passive control of propagation of longitudinal waves in thin‐walled structures.
Real structure influence on the electron–phonon coupling properties of niobium
Authors: Schierning G. , Fendrich M. , Theissmann R.
Published: June 2015

We performed density functional theory calculations using niobium (Nb) as a model system of a conventional superconductor, to correlate the distortion of twin defects with the electron–phonon coupling properties. Calculations using different settings of the Nb elementary cell (relaxed, distorted, super cell with zig‐zag twin defect) showed that only by including real structure elements into the setting, the Eliashberg spectral function representing the electron–phonon coupling properties was derived convincingly. Based on these density functional theory calculations of the electron–phonon cou‐ pling properties of Nb, we suggest a model for a combined superconducting/charge density wave ground state which uses a lattice distortion induced into the crystal by two‐dimensional defects as modulated background potential of the charge density wave phase. The coexistence of both phases is hereby necessary for a fine‐tuning of the Fermi surface within the small local domain of the defect to match the wavelength of the lattice distortion and the Fermi wavelength by pairing fermions to bosons. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cover Picture: Ambipolar inverters with natural origin organic materials as gate dielectric and semiconducting layer (Phys. Status Solidi RRL 6/2015)
Authors: Petritz Andreas , Fian Alexander , Głowacki Eric D. , Sariciftci Niyazi Serdar , Stadlober Barbara , Irimia‐Vladu Mihai
Published: June 2015

No abstract is available for this article.