bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dietary Habit and Nutrition Knowledge of High School Students in Incheon Area
Authors: Kim Young A , Ko Ara
Published: June 2021

This study was conducted to provide basic information to design nutrition education materials to establish growing students' dietary habit. 651 high school students(320 boys and 331 girls) were cross‐sectional surveyed in the region of Incheon, one of 5 major cities in Korea.

According to their nutrition knowledge test, the students were categorized into 3 groups, 27% of 'high', 32% of 'middle' and 41% of 'low', while 55% of entire students had experienced nutrition education program. The degree of Nutrition knowledge was proven higher among the boys (boys 11.14 point, girls 10.25 point) and the students who experienced nutrition education program (11.17 vs. 10.10).

80% of students had regular meal‐time pattern and 75% of students had breakfast regularly. The ratio of students with unbalanced eating habit was 42%. And for all of these 3 factors, there were meaningful difference between the students experienced nutrition education program and the rest. The students experienced the program had shown higher ratio to have regular meal‐time pattern, to have regular breakfast, to have balanced eating habit. Also they fulfilled better dietary lifestyle then the rest.

Most of the students agreed with the essentiality of nutrition education and they preferred an active program including cooking practice by professional nutrition teacher.

Therefore, the correlation between nutrition education and students' dietary life was proven and continuous nutrition education programs for growing students are required to enhance their dietary life.
Camp NERF: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Potential Efficacy of a Theory‐Based Nutrition Education Recreation and Fitness Program Aimed at Preventing Unhealthy Weight Gain in Disadvantaged Children during Summer Months
Authors: Hopkins Laura , Rose Angela , Gunther Carolyn
Published: June 2021

Data indicate that school‐age children, particularly disadvantaged children, experience unhealthy gains in BMI at a rate nearly twice as fast during the summer months. Few efforts have been directed at implementing evidence‐based programming to prevent this negative trend. Camp NERF was a 6‐week, multi‐component (nutrition, physical activity, and mental health), theory‐based program for disadvantaged school‐age children grades K‐5 implemented in summer 2014. The design of this pilot was a group randomized control trial including two intervention and two control sites. Program feasibility was evaluated using daily attendance data. Children reported their acceptability of program on a 4‐point Likert scale. Potential efficacy of program was determined by assessing change in weight status (zBMI). 41 participants consented to the study. Approximately 54% (n=22) were female and 76% (n=31) were Black. Attendance rate was 67.5% among Camp NERF participants. 88% of the participants (n=17) reported to have 'liked' or 'liked a lot' the Camp NERF programming. Camp NERF participants demonstrated a greater negative mean change in zBMI compared to control participants, although this difference was not significant. We demonstrated high feasibility and acceptability of an innovative health behavior modification intervention that is coupled with the USDA Summer Food Service Program. A modest improvement in weight status was seen in Camp NERF participants compared to control.
Interest of Kuwait University Students in Nutrition Information
Authors: El‐Sabban Farouk
Published: June 2021

Young adults need to have a considerable level of nutrition knowledge, for health benefits to themselves and for those in their circles. The objectives of this work were to: assess some nutrition‐related practices, sources of knowledge and level of interest in learning nutrition information. This study involved 1037 first‐year Kuwait University students of both genders and from different colleges. Results of a simple questionnaire revealed that 77% check the expiry date of food products, 49% read lists of food ingredients, 44% read nutrition facts labels, but 39% understand them. Students reported that the main sources of their nutrition knowledge were from parents (88%), schools (75%), friends (66%), and media (49%). Most students (83%) care about nutrition knowledge, 75% want to learn about healthy nutrition, and 73% try to increase such knowledge. Only 45% of students attended lectures or events that promote nutrition and 41% indicated that their college held such events. To enhance their interest in learning more about nutrition, students rely on television (64%) and reading the Ministry of Health publications (61%). As the interest of students in learning more about nutrition is present, more efforts are required to satisfy such. All possible means and instruments that can enhance nutrition education ought to be made available and implemented frequently, for the overall benefits that can be derived.
Personalized Prevention of Colorectal Cancer Trial
Authors: Zhu Xiangzhu , Yu Chang , Shrubsole Martha , Deng Xinqing , Shubin Eugene , Engle Jennifer , Zheng Wei , Murff Harvey , Seidner Douglas , Ness Reid , Dai Qi
Published: June 2021

Background

Our findings indicate that the intake ratio of calcium (Ca) to magnesium (Mg) modifies the relationship between Ca intake and colorectal adenoma risk; high Ca is only related to reduced risk among those with a low Ca/Mg ratio. Furthermore, the Ca/Mg ratio significantly interacts with the rs8042919 polymorphism in TRPM7 gene which is involved in Mg and Ca re(absorption) and homeostasis. Compared to GG, carrying an A allele increases adenoma risk > 60% (>345% for AA) if the Ca/Mg intake ratio >2.8.

Objectives

To test whether 1) reducing the Ca/Mg through Mg supplementation affects biomarkers related to colorectal carcinogenesis in rectal tissues; 2) the effect differs by the Thr1482Ile polymorphism.

Methods

Personalized Prevention of Colorectal Cancer Trial (R01CA149633) is an ongoing double‐blind placebo‐controlled randomized trial of Mg supplementation including 288 subjects with high baseline Ca/Mg ratio and at high risk of colorectal cancer. The uniqueness of the trial includes 1) nutritional screening to target subjects with a high Ca/Mg ratio; 2) personalized Mg doses based on and used to reduce the current Ca/Mg ratio; 3) randomization by the TRPM7 genotype.

Results

As of Nov 2014, 191 subjects are enrolled. For 40 subjects, immunohistochemical assays for carcinogenesis biomarkers, including apoptosis, cell proliferation, COX2 and TRPM7, in normal rectal tissues collected at baseline and the end of the intervention are completed. Other assays include lipid profile, DNA methylation, and microbiome. There are some promising preliminary findings which we will update in the presentation.

Conclusions

The results may ultimately help to develop personalized strategies to prevent colorectal cancer.
Cranberries and Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Assessment of the Evidence
Authors: Liska DeAnn , Maki Kevin
Published: June 2021

Urinary tract infection (UTI), a common bacterial infection, occurs across myriad subject populations from individuals with bladder dysfunction to normal, healthy women. Cranberry has been used traditionally to prevent UTIs primarily by women prone to recurrent UTI, and a number of clinical studies have been published supporting its benefit. Two recent meta‐analyses have assessed the clinical evidence and, surprising, reported substantially different conclusions. One concluded cranberry juice cannot be recommended for the prevention of UTIs (Jepson et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012; 10: 1‐80), whereas the other indicated cranberry products are associated with protective effects against UTIs (Wang et al. Arch Intern Med. 2012; 172: 988‐96). The objective of this study was to identify the factors that contributed to these disparate results. We conducted modeling analyses to identify pivotal studies and other factors contributing to the conclusions. Results indicate the studies used were substantially different, but this was not the main factor in the differing conclusions. In some cases, different datasets from the same studies were selected. Moreover, the Cochrane analysis was influenced by four main studies, none of which were performed in women with recurrent UTIs, the population for which cranberry products have shown the most evidence for benefit in clinical trials. In contrast, the Wang analysis included women with recurrent UTI, and weighted the evidence relatively equally across the populations (e.g., neuropathic bladder, children, elderly). Given the importance of this issue for the many women with recurrent UTIs, a clear assessment of the literature for this subgroup is warranted. Supported by Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc.
Use of Specific Carbohydrate Diet in a Severe Case of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Nirmalraj Maya , Khandalavala Birgit
Published: June 2021

Background

The Specific Carbohydrate Diet (SCD) was developed and tested by Dr. Haas and Elaine Gottschall. Allowed foods are based on the carbohydrates' molecular structure. Monosaccharides have a single structure making them simple for intestines to absorb. Disaccharides and polysaccharides are not easily absorbed and cause inflammation. Studies are limited.

Case report: 73‐year‐old female of Asian origin with a 15 year history of controlled Ulcerative Colitis underwent hospitalizations and IV antibiotic therapy when condition became severe and extensive. Endoscopies revealed complete involvement of large and small bowel. Patient underwent evaluation at various facilities and continued to have a lowered quality of life. Patient elected to pursue the SCD.

Clinical course: Following this highly restricted diet, within a period of 6 months patient noticed substantial improvement and remained adherent. Repeat colonoscopy showed complete healing. Patient developed diverticulitis, with no evidence of inflammation. She continued to progress, antibiotics were discontinued, no immunosuppressive medications or steroids were required. Patient notes that consumption of wheat and other non‐approved SCD foods cause flare ups and elimination of these foods results in improvement. Patient has not required hospitalization or any other therapy.

Conclusion

SCD has been used anecdotally for Ulcerative Colitis, however evidence of effectiveness has not been conclusive. We report complete healing of Ulcerative Colitis in a patient who had failed conventional therapies. Use of SCD in patients who are able to make sustainable changes should be considered more often.

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Associations Between Markers of Inflammation and Hemoglobin Concentration: Implications for Diagnosis of Anemia in Women of Reproductive Age
Authors: Ashour Fayrouz , Addo Yaw , Sullivan Kevin , Suchdev Parmi , Mei Zuguo , Temple Victor , Raiten Daniel , Flores‐Ayala Rafael
Published: June 2021

Inflammation reduces Hb concentrations, increasing anemia estimates, but the magnitude of this effect in different populations is unknown. We explored associations between inflammation (defined as C‐reactive protein (CRP) > 5mg/L and/or α1–acid glycoprotein (AGP) >1g/L), Hb concentrations, and their interpretation in defining anemia (Hb <120 g/L) in women of reproductive age (WRA). Data from 10,483 non‐pregnant WRA who participated in national surveys in 8 countries were analyzed using complex survey techniques by the Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutrition Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) project.

Anemia prevalence was 27.6%, and inflammation ranged from 7.8% to 28.9%. Hb was inversely correlated with CRP and AGP. Anemia prevalence was 2 times higher in those with elevated AGP compared to normal (POR 2.0, 95% CI: 1.7–2.3) which remained unchanged after adjustment for age and BMI. The association between inflammation and anemia based on elevated CRP was weaker, POR 1.2 (95% CI: 1.1 –1.4) but not significant in Laos, Oman or Papua New Guinea. Elevated CRP and AGP were independently associated with a higher prevalence of anemia. Approaches to account for elevated CRP and AGP in estimating anemia prevalence will be presented.

Research support: BMGF, CDC, GAIN, NICHD.
Plasma IL‐6 Levels are Elevated During the Third Trimester in Alcohol‐Exposed Women with Children Diagnosed with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) Compared to Alcohol–Exposed Women with Normally Developed Children
Authors: Sowell Krista , Uriu‐Adams Janet , Graham James , Chambers Christina , Coles Claire , Yevtushok Lyubov , Zymak‐Zakutnya Natalya , Wertelecki Wladimir , Keen Carl
Published: June 2021

Elevated plasma IL‐6 concentrations during pregnancy are associated with certain neurological disorders (e.g. autism and schizophrenia) in offspring. We investigated the hypothesis that IL‐6 is a risk factor in women who gave birth to a child with FASD. Alcohol‐exposed and control women were recruited during mid pregnancy (mean gestational age 20.4±7.0 wk). A subset of blood samples were obtained from women in the third trimester and analyzed for plasma cytokines. Children were examined at 6 and 12 months and were classified as having FASD if they presented with both physical features and one Bayley Score of Infant Development test below 85. There were no differences in IL‐10 or TNF‐α concentrations among the groups. In contrast, alcohol‐exposed women with children displaying features of FASD had significantly higher plasma IL‐6 levels (n=26, ‐0.21±0.07 log pg/mL) compared to alcohol‐exposed women who bore children with no features of FASD (n=25, ‐0.48±0.07 log pg/mL, p=0.007) when controlled for smoking and socioeconomic status. There were no differences in IL‐6 levels in the control women (n=13, ‐0.26±0.09 log pg/mL) compared to either alcohol‐exposed group. These data suggest that IL‐6 can be a contributor in FASD and further investigation is warranted.
Polyphenolics from mango (Mangifera Indica L.) suppress breast cancer ductal carcinoma in situ proliferation in both in vitro and in vivo models for cancer
Authors: Nemec Matthew , Kim Hyemee , Marciante Alexandria , Barnes Ryan , Talcott Steve , Mertens‐Talcott Susanne
Published: June 2021

Around 25% of all newly diagnosed breast cancer cases are ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), the most common non‐invasive form of breast cancer and given the side‐effects of conventional therapy there is a great need for alternative treatment strategies. Polyphenolics, a secondary plant metabolite, have been implicated in reducing cancer risk and tumor‐growth, and have fewer side effects than conventional synthetic molecules. In this study, mango polyphenols and the major microbial metabolite pyrogallol were tested both in vitro and in vivo to determine their modulating effects on the P13K/AKT/mTOR axis in MCF10DCIS.COM cells. Following in vitro exposure, these cells showed decrease proliferation and downregulation of mRNA, total protein, and phosphorylated protein along the P13K/AKT/mTOR axis. Pyrogallol had the greatest effect on phosphorylated protein compared to controls. In vivo, the oral exposure to polyphenols in a nude mouse model xenografted with MCF10DCIS.COM cells into the mammary pads resulted in decreased tumor volume. Results suggest that a diet rich in mango could prevent cancer proliferation in situ.
Serum Cytokines are Associated with Colorectal Polyp Number and Type in Adult Males
Authors: Comstock Sarah , Xu Diana , Hortos Kari , Kovan Bruce , McCaskey Sarah , Pathak Dorothy , Fenton Jenifer
Published: June 2021

Chronic inflammation contributes to colorectal carcinogenesis. To determine if serum cytokines are associated with colon polyps, 126 asymptomatic men (48–65yr) were recruited at colonoscopy. Serum cytokine concentrations were measured by multiplex immunoassay. Odds ratios were determined using polytomous logistic regression for polyp number and type. Males with serum monocyte chemotactic protein‐3 (MCP‐3) or soluble interleukin‐4 receptor (sIL‐4R) concentrations in the lowest tertile were 5 times more likely to have 蠅3 polyps relative to no polyps. For each decrease in serum MCP‐3 or sIL‐4R tertile a man was about 2.5 times more likely to have 蠅3 polyps than no polyps. Males with serum concentrations of interferon‐α2 (IFN‐α2) or interleukin (IL)‐7 in the highest tertile were 3 times more likely to have an adenoma relative to no polyps. Those with serum IL‐8 concentrations in the highest tertile were 4 times more likely to have an adenoma relative to no polyps. For each increase in serum IFN‐α2, IL‐7 or IL‐8 tertile an individual was 1.8 times more likely to have an adenoma than no polyp. Serum concentrations of MCP‐3, sIL‐4R, IFN‐α2, IL‐7 and IL‐8 may indicate which men are more likely to have colorectal polyps and could therefore most benefit from colonoscopy. Support: NIH R03CA142000, MSU Clinical & Translational Sciences Institute
Vitamin B12, Folate and Homocysteine Levels in the U.S. Urban Minority Mothers Post Delivery
Authors: Raghavan Ramkripa , Wang Guoying , Chen Zhu , Wang Xiaobin
Published: June 2021

Mandatory folic acid fortification of grain products was implemented in the U.S. in 1998 and routine clinical recommendation on prenatal folic acid supplementation for pregnant women began as early as 1992. Yet there is a dearth of current data on folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine (Hcy) levels in the U.S. urban minority mothers.

Blood samples (obtained 2‐3 days post‐delivery) from 2,057 mothers 16‐51 y old enrolled in the Boston Birth cohort (during 1999‐2012) were analyzed for plasma folate, plasma vitamin B12 and Hcy levels. The percentage of self‐reported prenatal multi‐vitamin use during 3 month preconception, 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester were 4.4%, 86.2%, 90.4%, and 88.5%, respectively. The plasma folate and B12 levels were significantly associated with prenatal multi‐vitamin intake in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Only 1.6% of the total samples had folate deficiency (<7 nmol/l) and 2.2% vitamin B12 deficiency (<150 pmol/l); but 20.8% had elevated Hcy levels (> 10 μmol/L). Consistent with the NHANES 2003‐06 data, black women had the lowest geometric mean of folate levels: 26.8 nmol/L and the highest vitamin B12 level: 282.5 pmol/L. Black women also had the highest Hcy: 7.9 μmol/L. The highest quartile of B12 was a significant predictor of elevated Hcy, after adjusting for age, race, smoking, alcohol, education and folate levels (p=0.001).

This study underscores the need to improve preconception multivitamin intake and optimize B‐vitamin status in black mothers. The significantly higher percentage of elevated Hcy in black mothers (22.7%) compared to other racial/ethnic groups warrants further investigation.

Research Support: In part by NICHD (R01 HD041702)
Effects of Maternal Vitamin B6 diets on mRNA Expression of Genes Involved in Brain Development in Hippocampus of the Offspring
Authors: Ribeiro de Almeida Mara , Mabasa Lawrence , Crane Courtney , Park Chung , Venâncio Vinícius , Pires Bianchi Maria Lourdes , Greggi Antunes Lusânia
Published: June 2021

Vitamin B6, which is crucial during brain growth and development,is involved in numerous reactions, such as neurotrasmitter and one‐carbon metabolisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate if differences in the levels of maternal vitamin B6 modulate the mRNA expression of genes related to brain development and global DNA methylation in the hippocampus of the offspring. Female Wistar rats were fed four weeks before pregnancy through lactation with three different diets: control (6 mg vitamin B6/kg), supplemented (30 mg vitamin B6/kg) and deficient (0 mg vitamin B6/kg) diets. The male pups were euthanized 10 days after birth. Survival rate of pups from dams fed the vitamin B6‐deficient diet was low and there was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in body weight. The maternal vitamin B6‐deficient diet increased (p<0.05) the mRNA expression of Gad1, Fgf2 and Glul, and decreased the expression of Gls and Tph1. The plasma homocysteine level was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the offspring from rat dams fed with vitamin B6‐deficient diet compared to the offspring from rat dams fed with vitamin B6‐control diet (53.04 vs. 5.36 μmol/L plasma). The global DNA methylation in the hippocampus was similar among the groups. In conclusion, our study shows that the deprivation of vitamin B6 during pregnancy and lactation affected survival rate, homocysteine metabolism and modulated the mRNA expression of genes related to brain development of the offspring. Financial support: São Paulo Research Foudation.
Vitamin B6 status and its relationship with polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations during pregnancy
Authors: Mujica‐Coopman Maria , Farias Dayana , Brito Alex , Allen Lindsay , Kac Gilberto , Lamers Yvonne
Published: June 2021

Rationale

Suboptimal vitamin B6 status was shown to alter polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) profiles, decreasing plasma (n‐3) and (n‐6) PUFA concentrations, in healthy men and women.

Aim

To assess the relationships between plasma pyridoxal 5'‐phosphate (PLP) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (AA) concentrations at different stages of pregnancy.

Methods

Prospective cohort study in 213 healthy pregnant women (aged 20‐40 y) followed across trimesters at 5‐13, 20‐26 and 30‐36 wk. The study was conducted in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Fasting plasma PLP (nmol/L) and serum PUFA (µg/mL) were measured by HPLC and GLC, respectively.

Results

Plasma PLP concentrations [median (IQR)] dropped from 35.8 (28.4‐43.6) in the 1st to 21.2 (16.2‐27.1) in the 2nd trimester (P<0.0001) and further decreased to 16.9 (12.8‐21.6) in the 3rd trimester (P<0.0001). Median (IQR) PUFA concentrations were 55.8 (44.0‐65.5), 70.7 (60.9‐84.7), 74.5 (63.6‐89.6) for DHA; 8.4 (6.6‐11.7), 8.4 (6.5‐12.0), 7.4 (5.2‐10.9) for EPA; and 206 (179‐245), 236 (205‐270), 237 (207‐279) for AA in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester, respectively. Plasma PLP and DHA were correlated (P<0.05) in the 1st (ρ=0.14) and 2nd trimester (ρ=0.20); plasma PLP and EPA (ρ=0.24) and AA (ρ=0.18) were correlated in the 2nd trimester (P<0.05); no significant correlations were observed between PLP and any PUFA in the 3rd trimester.

Conclusions

Plasma PLP concentrations were correlated with DHA, EPA and AA in early pregnancy.

Funding: CNPq, FAPERJ, VRF‐FNH‐UBC
Effects of disrupted serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 (Shmt1) gene expression on motor function and myelin degeneration in vitamin B12 deficient mice
Authors: Awuah Eunice , Field Martha , Stover Patrick
Published: June 2021

Previous studies have shown disrupted Shmt1 enzyme activity to be associated with neurocognitive effects, impaired dTMP biosynthesis, and genomic uracil misincorporation. Moreover, misincorporation of uracil in DNA has been identified as a potential mechanism underlying the neurodegenerative effects of vitamin B12 deficiency. The aims of this study are two‐fold: 1) to evaluate the effects of combining vitamin B12 deficiency and impaired Shmt1expression on motor function and histological observations in the spinal cords of adult mice 2) to identify causal mechanisms underlying impaired B12 metabolism and myelin degeneration.. Experimental vitamin B12 deficient diets with different folic acid content (0 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, 8 mg/kg diet ) were fed to adult Shmt1+/+ and Shmt1+/‐ mice from weaning through the duration of the study. In order to identify changes in voluntary motor control, several tests were employed to assess motor coordination and balance: accelerating rotarod, staggered speed rotarod, and the beam traversal test. The expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) was analyzed with staining in light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. We hypothesize that mice heterozygous for Shmt1 will be sensitized to vitamin B12 deficiency induced neuropathology resulting in reduced motor activity and decreased spinal cord MBP expression. The results of this study support a role for vitamin B12 deficiency in dTMP synthesis and the development of myelin degeneration in the central nervous system. The results will provide new insights into the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Supplementation of aging transgenic mice with folic acid and folinic acid alleviates Alzheimer's disease‐associated neuronal amyloid‐β (Aβ) pathological progression and genomic expression profiles
Authors: Chen Ta‐Fu , Hsu Hung‐Cheng , Chiu Ming‐Jang , S. Huang Rwei‐Fen
Published: June 2021

Aims of the study are to investigate whether and the molecular mechanisms by which supplementation of folic acid (FA) and folinic acid (FN) may ameliorate late‐stage Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐associated pathological development using the 3xTg transgenic mice as the experimental model. Forty 3xTg‐AD mice at 16 month‐old were divided into three groups fed with the AIN93M diet in the absence (Control) or presence of FA and FN supplements (12 mg/kg/day by force feeding) for 3 months. The amyloid‐β (Aβ) levles were measured by immunoblotting. Genomic expression profiles of hippocampus of mice were assayed by cDNA microarray. As compared with the controls, FA and FN groups had significantly reduced brain Aβ40, Aβ42 or pTau levels. Pearson's analysis revealed the significant and inverse associations of brain Aβ40, Aβ42 and pS199 tau with serum folate levels. FN treatment significantly modified expression profiles of AD‐hippocampus genes associated with olfactory transduction, complement and coagulation cascades, and neuroactive ligand‐receptor interaction, whereas FA‐modified AD gene expression overlapped in complement and coagulation cascades. Survival rates of FA and FN groups was 1.6 fold‐increased in relative to the controls at 19 month‐old. The data demonstrated that FA and FN treatments may alleviate pathological severity of late‐stage AD associated with increased survival rate of 3xTg‐AD mice.
Impact of Calcium Intake Levels on Urinary and Fecal Losses of Sodium, Potassium and Magnesium
Authors: Kern Mark , Tsunoda Heather , Shaw Cori , de Castro Ana , Braun Michelle , Martin Berdine , Weaver Connie
Published: June 2021

Understanding of mineral interactions remains incomplete. Minerals such as sodium, potassium, and magnesium are known to affect calcium absorption and/or excretion; however, there is little research on whether various levels of dietary calcium can impact balance of these minerals. The objective of this study was to determine how different dietary calcium intakes could potentially affect urinary and fecal excretion of potassium, sodium, and magnesium. Thirty‐seven boys aged 12‐15 y participated in 3‐wk metabolic balance studies testing a range (700‐2100 mg/d) of calcium intakes in a crossover study design with a 2‐wk washout period. All subjects were fed the same controlled diet with adjustments in calcium intake. Each boy received a high and a low calcium diet during separate trials. Calcium, potassium, sodium, and magnesium excretion in urine and feces was determined during the final two weeks of each trial period. As previously reported, significantly more calcium was excreted in the urine and feces during higher calcium intake. Fecal excretion of sodium excretion was greater (p < 0.042) during lower calcium consumption. Urinary and fecal magnesium retention tended to be greater during higher calcium intake; however, the differences were significant (p < 0.033) only for urinary losses. Varying levels of dietary calcium intake did not significantly affect urinary or fecal potassium losses. In summary, fecal sodium excretion was higher during lower calcium intake, and reduced urinary magnesium losses were observed with higher calcium intake.
Antioxidant and Behavioral Effects of Canine Health Supplement in Dogs
Authors: Talbott Shawn , Chevreau Nathalie , Barnett William
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the antioxidant effects of an herbal dietary supplement blend (LifeVantage Canine Health) on markers of oxidative stress and owner perception of pet behavior.

METHODS

Eighty dogs were followed for 60‐days in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled prospective study. Owners were required to sign an informed consent to participate in the study. Dogs were randomized into Canine Health supplement (CH; n=40) or Placebo (P; n=40) administered once daily. CH is a chewable flavored tablet containing an antioxidant herbal blend (Milk Thistle, Bacopa, Ashwagandha, Green Tea, and Turmeric), plus fish oil and type II collagen. The matching placebo was a look/taste‐alike product without the active ingredients. Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) and Catalase were analyzed before and after supplementation. Owners completed a questionnaire assessing disability, cognition, energy level, social behavior, and skin/coat quality (Function Score; FS).

RESULTS

Seventy‐six dogs completed the study (Avg. 8.6 years old and 54lbs BW). Catalase was increased by 21% in CH, compared to an 11% decrease in P (32% difference between groups). TBARS was reduced 33% in CH, compared to only 24% in P (9% difference between groups). FS improved significantly in CH within 30 days, with no change in P. Cognitive function trended towards improvement in CH, while decreasing in P.

CONCLUSIONS

Dietary supplementation of dogs for 60‐days with Canine Health resulted in a significant improvement in overall owner perception of pet behavior, as well as notable trends for an increase in catalase, a reduction in TBARs, and improved cognitive function. These results demonstrate an important wellness benefit of reducing oxidative stress in dogs.
Dehydroglyasperin C Suppresses NF‐κB‐dependent Inflammation from Acute Lung Injury through Nrf2 Activation in mice
Authors: Seo Ji Yeon , Ji Hyun Kyung , Kim Min Sun , Kang Su Jin , Jo Gwang Rae , Erdenebileg Zolzaya , Lim Soon Sung , Kim Jong‐Sang
Published: June 2021

Glycyrrhiza uralensis (or licorice) is a widely used Oriental herbal medicine as well as food additive. Licorice has been reported to have therapeutic effects on malaria, cardiovascular disease, peptic ulcers, hepatitis C, and pulmonary and skin diseases. In this study, we intended to figure out anti‐inflammatory activities of prenyflavonoids in RAW264.7 macrophage and C57BL/6 mice. In order to induce inflammation, we treated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to RAW264.7 macrophage, C57BL/6 wild type and Nrf2 knockout mice. The secretion of TNFα, an inflammatory cytokine, was determined by using collected cell culture medium and mouse plasma. Phosphorylated nuclear factor (NF)‐kappa B and cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) were assessed by Western blot analysis. The translocation of pNFκB into nucleus was determined by immunocytochemistry in RAW264.7 cells. The results indicated that DGC and IsoA translocated phosphorylated NFκB from nucleus to cytoplasm and prenylflavonoids decreased COX‐2 expression. In addition, DGC lowered the LPS‐increased TNFα secretion in plasma. In conclusion, prenylflavonoids merit further study to evaluate their practical usefulness as anti‐inflammatory agents.
The effects of a single bolus of Capsosiphon fulvescenssupplement on a postprandial oxidative stress induced by a challenge of high‐fat formula in healthy subjects
Authors: Lee Yu rim , Kim Hea‐in , Kim You jin , Kwon Oran
Published: June 2021

The postprandial state is a dynamic period of metabolic trafﬁcking, biosynthesis, and oxidative metabolism of absorbed nutrients. Considering the fact that most people eat several times a day, postprandial period‐induced chronic disease can be attributed to an exaggerated metabolic and oxidative imbalance. This study was investigated to test whether Capsosiphon fulvescens supplement can attenuate the oxidative stress and imbalance in lipid metabolism which was induced by feeding a bolus of high‐fat, high‐carbohydrate meal in healthy subjects. In a double‐blinded, randomized, and crossover design, thirty six subjects (18 females and 18 males) were enrolled in the trial and underwent three 6‐h oral lipid tolerance tests: control, low dose Capsosiphon fulvescens supplement, and high dose Capsosiphon fulvescens supplement. Treatment visits were scheduled approximately 1 week apart. Ethics approved for the trial was obtained from the institution review board of Ewha Womans University. The Capsosiphon fulvescens supplement was standardized with pheophorbide A. Plasma and urine samples were collected at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 360 min after the consumption of oral lipid tolerance test formula with Capsosiphon fulvescenssupplement or placebo. In plasma, glucose, insulin, triglycerides, oxidized low‐density lipoprotein, malondialdehyde, and reactive oxygen species were measured and area under the curve (AUC), Cmax, and Tmas of each parameter were calculated. Homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) was also calculated. Together, these data suggest that Capsosiphon fulvescens is an excellent antioxidant and may exert beneficial effects on postprandial metabolic overload.
Curcumin (CurcuWINTM) Improves Antioxidant Capacity and Reduces Inflammation Following Downhill Running‐Induced Muscle Damage
Authors: Juturu Vijaya , Sahin Kazim , Pala Ragip , Tuzcu Mehmet , Sahin Nurhan , Ozdemir Oguzhan , Deshpande Jayant
Published: June 2021

Exercise (Ex) increases ROS and impairs antioxidant defense systems. Recent data suggest curcumin [CurcuWINTM Turmeric Extract, minimum 20% curcuminoids] possesses PPAR gamma activity and anti‐inflammatory properties. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of curcumin (Cur) supplementation on Ex performance, changes in serum and muscle proteins in rats after exhaustive Ex. Twenty‐eight (28) male Wistar rats (8 wk. old, BW:180 ± 20 g) were divided into four treatment groups (i) control [no Ex, Group I (C)] (ii) C + Cur [no Ex, Group II] (iii) C + Ex [Group III] and (iv) C + Ex+ Cur [Group IV]. Cur [100 mg/ kg, contains approximately 20 mg of curcuminoids] was administered daily for 6 wks. The Ex protocols were performed on a motor‐driven rodent treadmill. The animals in the chronic Ex groups were habituated by treadmill Ex over a 5‐d period such as: 1st day 10 m/min, 10 min, 2nd day 20 m/min; 10 min, 3rd day 25 m/min, 10 min, 4th day 25 m/min, 20 min and 5th day 25 m/min, 30 min. Animals were exercised at 25 m/min, 45 min/d, 5 d/ week for 6 wks. Blood and muscle samples were analyzed. Running time was improved in Cur groups. Lactate and MDA significantly decreased, lipid profile, SOD, GPx and GSH were improved significantly in Cur treated groups. Significant decrease in NF‐kB and increase in I‐kB, HSP70 and PGC‐1 α in Cur treated rats were observed. These results suggest Curcumin (CurcuWINTM) is a potential ingredient of preventing muscle damage and improved exercise performance.
A polyphenol rich sumac sorghum cereal alters lipoprotein subfractions resulting in a more cardioprotective lipoprotein profile
Authors: Hicks Kristen , Walzem Rosemary , Carroll Raymond , Turner Nancy
Published: June 2021

Elevated serum cholesterol is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, which is responsible for 1 in every 3 deaths in the United States. High density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) can be further characterized into density subfractions that demonstrate greater efficacy in predicting atherogenesis and ultimately CVD risk. Condensed tannins, such as those present in sumac sorghum, have been shown to improve vascular mechanics and reduce systemic markers of inflammation. Therefore, the goal of this experiment was to determine if this sorghum‐based source of condensed tannins would alter lipoprotein density distributions in a manner consistent with reduced CVD risk. Overweight humans (n=23) were assigned to either a low dose (50 g) or high dose (100 g) of sumac sorghum puff cereal daily in a randomized crossover design. Plasma samples were obtained at 0, 4, 7 and 11 wk and isopycnic ultracentrifugation was used to quantify density distributions of fluorescently stained lipoproteins as area under the curve (AUC). Consumption of sorghum cereal increased AUC of larger and less dense LDL2 (p=0.0214) and LDL3 (p=0.0035) and decreased the small dense LDL5 (p=0.0016) subfraction; both changes are associated with reduced CVD risk. These data suggest that consumption of this ancient grain containing elevated polyphenol levels can beneficially alter lipoprotein fractions, which may correspond to a decreased CVD risk profile. Funded by USCP HVM01‐14.
Anti‐adipogenic and anti‐inflammatory effects of high hydrostatic pressure extract of red ginseng in diet‐induced obese rats
Authors: Park Hyeyoung , Jung Sunyoon , Lee Mak‐Soon , Shin Yoonjin , Kim Seunghae , Kim Yangha
Published: June 2021

Red ginseng has been known to have beneficial effects against cancer, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. High hydrostatic pressure processing extracts essential components from food materials at a low temperature without destroying heat‐sensitive bioactive constituents. High hydrostatic pressure extract of red ginseng has been reported to increase the content of active components including ginsenosides. This study examined the effects of high hydrostatic pressure extract of red ginseng (HRG) on obesity and inflammation in obese rats fed a high‐fat diet. The rats were fed a high‐fat control diet (HF), high‐fat diet supplemented with 1.5% HRG (wt:wt) for 14 weeks. HRG reduced body weight and also decreased serum leptin level compared with the HF control group. HRG supplementation decreased the mRNA levels of adipogenic genes including peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma (PPAR‐γ) and adipocyte protein 2 (aP2) in white adipose tissue (WAT). Moreover, mRNA levels of major inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) were remarkably down‐regulated by the HRG in WAT. Therefore, HRG might be beneficial for the amelioration of obesity and inflammation by suppressing genes involved in the adipogenesis and pro‐inflammation.
Suppression of Cell Debris‐Stimulated Tumor Growth by Resolvin Mediated Clearance
Authors: Sulciner Megan , Mudge Dayna , Ramon Sesquile , Dalli Jesmond , Kieran Mark , Huang Sui , Serhan Charles , Panigrahy Dipak
Published: June 2021

Background

Current clinical approaches to cancer therapy including chemotherapy, kill tumor cells to reduce tumor burden. However, this is a doubled‐edged sword. The debris of dead tumor cells acts as a source of tumor‐stimulation on the few surviving cells. Resolvins (Rvs) are endogenous lipid autacoids derived from omega‐3 fatty acids that serve as “stop signals” in inflammation. We hypothesize that resolvins may represent a novel modality in cancer treatment by pharmacologically promoting the clearance of tumor cell debris.

Results

Chemotherapy‐induced tumor cell debris stimulated tumor dormancy escape. In a similar fashion but not as potently, phosphatidylserine liposomes (an apoptotic signal), stimulated tumor growth. LCMSMS analysis of tumor cell debris dramatically exhibited increased levels of pro‐inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E2. Debris stimulated tumor growth was only prevented by Rvs (at nanogram doses) in contrast to other chemotherapies, anti‐inflammatory agents including corticosteroids and NSAIDs. Rvs, unlike corticosteroids and NSAIDs, stimulated macrophage phagocytosis of cell debris and counter‐regulated pro‐inflammatory cytokines.

Conclusions

Our results establish the therapeutic enhancement of endogenous resolution as a novel modality to complement current cancer treatments, which inevitably produce tumor cell debris.
Novel Chalcone Derivatives Show Anti‐Cancer Effects in Several Human Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Whited Tawna , Adams Bryce , Stang Christopher , Pierson Thomas , Khupse Rahul , Dudley Richard , Schneider Ryan
Published: June 2021

A small library of chalcone derivatives was synthesized and tested for anti‐proliferative activity in several human cancer cell lines (A375 melanoma, CRL‐1620 glioblastoma, HT‐29 colon carcinoma, and MCF‐7 breast adenocarcinoma). These novel chalcones (RK‐6 and RK‐7) incorporated privileged structures intended to quench glutathione or influence microtubule dynamics. We hypothesized that these compounds would decrease antioxidant capacity or disrupt cell division resulting in anti‐cancer effects. Each of the four cell lines was treated with 50 µM of RK‐6 or RK‐7 for 24 or 48 hours and relative cell numbers were measured using the CyQUANT® NF microplate assay according to the manufacturer's instructions. Treatment with RK‐6 and RK‐7 each resulted in a significant reduction in cell density and visual examination of cells following treatment revealed gross morphology suggestive of apoptosis. Additionally, we determined the GI50 for RK‐6 and RK‐7 in MCF‐7 cells by treating with increasing concentrations (1‐100 µM) of each compound separately for 48 hours, followed by the CyQUANT® NF assay. GI50 concentrations for RK‐6 and RK‐7 in MCF‐7 cells were 36 and 68 µM respectively. To determine whether these compounds were indeed cytotoxic, MCF‐7 cells were treated with RK‐6 or RK‐7 for 24 hours and then subjected to western blotting. RK‐6 but not RK‐7 caused cleavage of effector caspase‐7. Taken together, these results demonstrate that two novel chalcone derivatives possess anti‐cancer effects in multiple human cancer cell lines. Additional studies are underway to determine the mechanisms of anti‐cancer action of these compounds.
Exploring Molecular and Morphological Relationships between Obesity and CtBP in Breast Cancer
Authors: Park Sam Sangil , Yi Dae Ik , Liang Genqing , Yan Tingfen , Ambs Stefan , Byun Jung S. , Gardner Kevin
Published: June 2021

In the United States, 69% of adults are overweight or obese. This epidemic is associated with several grave consequences, including increased breast cancer morbidity and mortality. One possible mechanism accounting for this increased risk is that adipocyte hypertrophy induces hormonal and immune dysregulations that may contribute to abnormal growth of surrounding epithelial cells. In addition, several metabolic intermediates associated with high carbohydrate food intake may influence cellular gene expression. One of these intermediates is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), which is elevated under conditions of obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. NADH stabilizes and activates C‐terminal binding protein (CtBP), a nuclear protein that plays a substantial epigenetic role in modifying gene expression. In particular, CtBP drives Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), a normal tissue repair process that becomes dysregulated to induce tumor invasion and metastasis. In this study, we explore whether there is a definitive link between obesity and CtBP expression by examining a diverse cohort (>200) of patient breast cancer samples with known BMI. Using digital analysis of histological sections and immunohistochemistry (IHC), we correlate the median cross‐sectional area of adipocytes with BMI, CtBP, the expression of CtBP regulatory targets, and biomarkers for EMT. These characteristics are then assessed in combination with patient parameters including age, race/ethnicity, and reproductive history. The goal of this study is to begin to understand how aspects of lifestyle and the aforementioned personal traits interact with the molecular pathways of CtBP to influence breast cancer incidence and mortality.
Deletion of Grem1 Causes Asymmetric Renal Development in Mice
Authors: Brazil Derek , Krishnakumar Arjun , Ali Imran , O' Leary Olivia , Church Rachel , Kok Ellen , Goldschmeding Roel
Published: June 2021

Grem1 is a BMP antagonist implicated in fibrotic disease. Increased levels of Grem1 are detected in the kidney tubules of diabetic nephropathy patients, and correlate with progressive renal disease..

Grem1 was measured in 4 week old mice. Levels of Grem1 were highest in colon, brain and spleen with lower levels detected in kidney, liver, lung, stomach and skin. We generated grem1+/‐ mice on a mixed C57Bl/6J;FVBN background. Less than 5 % of viable offspring were grem1‐/‐, suggesting a significant number die at late developmental/early postnatal stage due to renal agenesis. The surviving grem1‐/‐ mice were smaller in size and weight compared to controls. Consistently, the right kidney was absent in grem1‐/‐ mice of both genders, with an enlarged left kidney evident. Glomerular density in this kidney in grem1‐/‐ mice was significantly lower than wild‐type mice (5.41 versus 9.26 gloms/mm2, p<0.001). However, the overall number of glomeruli was comparable between wild‐type and grem1‐/‐ mice, suggesting an expansion of the interstitial compartment as the cause of increased kidney size. Changes in renal function were present at 4 wk of age in grem1‐/‐ mice. Interestingly, levels of Grem2 and other BMP antagonists were altered in grem1‐/‐ kidney compared to wild‐type, suggesting compensatory changes may be occurring here.
Comparison of Acid Fast Bacilli Smear Microscopy Examination and Xpert MTB/RIF for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Jaya Sukara , Atas Asri Dhuny , Burhan Erlina , Tjiong Roy , Shankar Anuraj
Published: June 2021

People with diabetes mellitus (DM) have 2‐3 times the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB). It has been previously reported (Pablos‐Mendez et al) that only poorly controlled or uncontrolled DM is associated with an increased risk of TB. The main objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) smear and Xpert MTB/RIF for the diagnosis of TB in DM patients. This study was a cross‐sectional descriptive analytic study in patients with DM who underwent treatment at Persahabatan Hospital in 2014. The study was conducted in the Pulmonary and Internal Medicine clinics. Samples were collected from 57 patients with 2 samples excluded due to proven AFB smear but not checked by Xpert MTB/RIF. Among 55 patients, there were 32 males (58.2%) and 23 females (41.8%).The blood sugar ranged between 110‐481 g/dl with a mean of 244.8 ± 98.5 g/dl. HbA1c values were between 5.3‐17.7 with a mean of 9.83 ± 3,00. 41 patients (74.5%) had no previous history of TB; 9 patients (16.4%) were cured of TB; and 5 patients (9.1%) had failure or withdrawal of TB treatment. 28 samples (50.9%) were positive for both AFB smear and Xpert , 1 sample was AFB smear positive and Xpert negative, 8 samples (14.5%) were AFB smear negative but Xpert positive, and 18 samples (32.7%) were negative by both AFB smear and Xpert. Sensitivity and specificity by using both methods were 77.8% and 94.7%, respectively. We conclude that there is no difference in the sensitivity and specificity of AFB smear and Xpert MTB/RIF for TB diagnosis in DM patients.