bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ШКІЛЬНІ ДИТЯЧІ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ УРСР У КОНТЕКСТІ «ПЕРЕБУДОВЧИХ» ПРОЦЕСІВ НАПРИКІНЦІ 1980-Х – ПОЧАТКУ 1990-Х РОКІВ
Authors: ЛАВРУТ Ольга
Published: April 2024

Мета дослідження – охарактеризувати діяльність дитячих організацій у 1980-х – початку 1990-х років, коли відбувалися демократичні процеси, які торкнулися і закладів освіти. Методологія дослідження. У роботі використаний порівняльний, історико-хронологічний методи, які дали змогу простежити історію виникнення й основні напрями діяльності шкільних осередків. Порівняльний – надав змогу зіставити роботу дитячих осередків, що відрізнялися особливостями питань, які вирішували. Історико-хронологічний – простежити динаміку змін, що відбувалися в учнівському середовищі. Наукова новизна полягає в тому, що опрацьовані матеріали дали нагоду проаналізувати передумови і причини не лише виникнення організацій, а й напрями їх діяльності, що мало відкритий і доступний характер для учнівства, яке намагалося визначити свій рух. Висновки. Осередки школярів, з одного боку, стали виразниками провладних позицій, коли виконували інерційно виховну роботу, спрямовану на формування світогляду дітей, але з іншого – отримали можливість брати відповідальність за власні ініціативи, що носили прагматичний характер. Це пояснювалося тими процесами і явищами, які відбувалися в суспільстві, що перебувало в пошуку своїх можливостей і у ситуації вибору, який з’явився в умовах гласності й зародження ринкових відносин. Проте економічні негаразди також обумовлювали напрями діяльності і зміст дитячих організацій. Діти вирішували питання, пов’язані з фінансами, розуміючи звідки і куди йшли надходження; об’єднувалися в осередки любителів ігрових програм, що мало осучаснювати їх життя. Але це були лише вкраплення поряд зі звичними напрямами роботи, які протягом десятиліть впливали на свідомість школярів. Проте цікавим був досвід осередків, які виникали, що демонструвало їх бажання бути не лише учасниками свого життя, а й відповідальними споживачами.
СТЕФАН КОВАЛІВ ВИХОДИТЬ ІЗ ЗАБУТТЯ
Authors: ДРАГАН Володимир
Published: April 2024

СТЕФАН КОВАЛІВ ВИХОДИТЬ ІЗ ЗАБУТТЯ
Researching the American West in Spain: Beyond Prejudices and Misconceptions /
Authors:   Basque Country (España), Río David
Published: April 2024

This essay analyzes the history of western American studies in Spain, offering a panoramic view of their genesis, development, and current situation. It is argued that the popularity of the American West in Spanish culture and society in the mid-twentieth century contrasts sharply with its neglect by academia due to a series of prejudices and misconceptions, of- ten related to its almost exclusive association with the so-called formula western. I explore the increasing visibility of western American studies in the last decades of the twentieth century and its consolidation during the present century. In fact, nowadays the literature and culture of the American West receive wide attention in Spain, as illustrated by several activities, groups, individual scholars, and publications that demonstrate the vitality and diversity of this area of research.
Faulkner’s Renewal of the Figure of the Grizzly Bear in the American West: From Ancestor to Political Symbol
Authors:   Basque Country (España), Jiménez-Pérez Irati
Published: April 2024

The role of the grizzly bear in many Native American tribes has had a tremendous cultural, spiritual and ecological significance, which was objected by the colonisers’ anthropocentric conception of wildlife as an instrumental value to humans. Literature has been one of the main sources to find traces of this Native American conception of the grizzly bear as deity as well as the colonists’ perspective of the nonhuman animal as threat to be tamed. In this article, I will analyse some folk tales and William Faulkner’s “The Bear” (1942) in order to demonstrate the existence of this conception of the grizzly bear in the American West, as well as the importance of literature for its perpetuation.
Go West! (Village): Queer Displacement and New York as the Liberatory West in American Lesbian Fiction
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (España), García-Medina Patricia
Published: April 2024

This article analyzes the idea of the American West as the promise of hope for freedom, as it was repossessed by United States queer literature after the 1950s. Hope is promised as a total contrast from tradition: for queer, specifically lesbian characters, it switches Eastwards, looking for the dreamland not on going west but on going to New York. Queer narratives since the 1950s draw on the displacement of the lesbian characters from their homes, forc- ing them to relocate, recurrently the West Village in New York. The analysis of storyline repetitions present in representative lesbian fiction throughout the decades will be done on several works. I show that the ideal of the West, core to the construction of the American Dream, was reversed in American lesbian fiction, relocating hope after displacement to the queer populated West Village in New York City.
A Postmodern Twist to the Western Film Tradition in The Ballad of Buster Scruggs by The Coen Brothers
Authors:   University of Deusto (España), Ibarrola-Armendariz Aitor
Published: April 2024

Although the Coen brothers had already made films related to the Western genre, The Ballad of Buster Scruggs (2018) is a different venture, since they wrote the script of this anthology movie comprising six stories themselves. Besides delving into some of the themes that they have dealt with in their filmography–mortality, ethics, violence, justice, etc.–they also provide the film with a number of postmodern twists that hint at an effort to work through some of the problems posed by the mythology of the American West. The Ballad of Buster Scruggs contains the use of intertextuality across various art forms, a parodic treatment, and the inclusion of unusual perspectives that are all typical of postmodern aesthetics and politics of representation.
The Wild, Wild Promised Land of Upper Silesians: Panna Maria and Its Cultural Heritage
Authors:   Basque Country (España), Daniel Maja
Published: April 2024

In the mid-19th century, a small number of families from the Upper Silesia region of Poland emigrated to Texas and established Panna Maria, which many historians have identified as the oldest enduring Polish settlement in the United States. The current study focuses on the cultural identity of these settlers and their descendants. It also discusses various aspects of the lasting cultural impact that the Panna Maria story has had on the two areas involved, Texas and Upper Silesia itself. The approach will draw on the theoretical frameworks of cultural and ethnic studies.
Hidradenoma Papilliferum Mimicking Pyogenic Granuloma
Authors: Nikam Komal Nana , More Yuvraj Eknath , Palaskar Nachiket Madhukarrao
Published: April 2024

Hidradenoma papilliferum is a rare, benign apocrine tumour that occurs almost exclusively in the anogenital region of middle aged women. Here, we present a case of a 28-year-old married female presenting with asymptomatic, erythematous nodule over left labia majora mimicking pyogenic granuloma. A surgical excision was done and histopathological examination revealed the diagnosis of hidradenoma papilliferum.
Music and the aging brain – Exploring the role of long-term Carnatic music training on cognition and gray matter volumes
Authors: Ghosh Aishwarya , Singh Sadhana , S. Monisha , Jagtap Tejaswini , Issac Thomas Gregor
Published: April 2024

Objectives:

Aging is a natural process and is often associated with an increased incidence of cognitive impairment. Physical exercise, diet, and leisure activities (music, dance, and art) are some of the lifestyle factors that contribute to healthy aging. The present study aims to explore the differences in cognitive functioning between aging individuals involved in musical activity throughout their lifetime and the ones who were not.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty-one healthy elderly individuals (50–80 years of age) residing in an urban locality were selected for the study from the Tata Longitudinal Study of Aging cohort. Participants were divided into two groups: Active musicians trained in Carnatic music for more than five years (n = 18) and age-matched non-musicians (n = 33). Addenbrooke cognitive examination-III, Hindi mental status examination, and trail-making test-B (TMT-B) were used to assess cognitive functioning. A Generalized Linear Regression Model was performed including covariates such as gender, age, and years of education. We also looked at the available brain magnetic resonance imaging data of a subset of our study population to inspect the volumetric differences between musicians and non-musicians.

Results:

Our results showed that musicians had significantly better visuospatial abilities as compared to non-musicians (P = 0.043). Musicians (130.89 ± 45.16 s) also took less time to complete the TMT-B task than non-musicians (148.73 ± 39.65 s), although it was not a statistically significant difference (P =0.150). In addition, brain imaging data suggested that musicians had increased gray matter volumes in the right precuneus, right post-central gyrus, right medial and superior frontal gyrus, right orbital gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, left cuneus, left fusiform gyrus, and bilateral cingulate gyrus.

Conclusion:

Our findings are indicative of music being an important attribute in improving cognitive reserve and predicting cognitive resilience. These findings pave the way to explore the utility of non-pharmacological interventions, such as Music Therapy (especially Carnatic music in the Indian context), as a potential factor for improving cognitive reserve in elderly individuals.
Extracranial internal carotid artery-dissecting aneurysm having a re-entry tear and causing lower cranial nerve palsies treated with flow-diverting stent: A case report
Authors: Izutsu Nobuyuki , Nishizawa Naoki , Nakajima Shin , Kanemura Yonehiro , Ozaki Tomohiko , Asai Katsunori , Kidani Tomoki , Kobayashi Koji , Fujimi Yosuke , Fujinaka Toshiyuki
Published: April 2024

Background:

Extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA)-dissecting aneurysms (DAs) rarely cause re-entry tears and lower cranial nerve palsies. The therapeutic strategies for these pathologies are not well established. This report presents a case of an extracranial ICA -DA with a re-entry tear that caused lower cranial nerve palsy.

Case Description:

A 60-year-old man presented with left neck pain, hoarseness, and dysphagia. Physical examination and laryngoscopy determined palsies of the left cranial nerves IX, X, and XII. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) revealed a DA in the left extracranial ICA, and three-dimensional DSA showed entry and re-entry tears in the intimal flap. Flow-diverting stents (FDSs) were placed on the lesion that covered the entry and re-entry tears because the symptoms did not improve after five weeks of conservative treatment. A post-procedural angiogram indicated flow stagnation in the DA. Symptoms improved remarkably immediately after the procedure, and the aneurysm was almost completely occluded six months later.

Conclusion:

Herein, an extracranial ICA -DA with a re-entry tear that caused lower cranial nerve palsy did not improve after five weeks of conservative treatment. FDS placement promptly resolved the aneurysm and symptoms. Thus, FDS placement may be an effective treatment option for extracranial ICA-DAs with re-entry tears or lower cranial nerve palsies.
Effectiveness of a Theory-Based Foot Care Education Program on Self-Efficacy and Adaptation in Patients With Diabetes in Turkey: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tolasa Arzu , Akyol Asiye
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: Persons with diabetes often face significant foot problems due to inadequate foot care, and foot care training programs could be beneficial for these patients. PURPOSE: To examine the effects of diabetic foot care training on self-efficacy and adaptation based on Social Cognitive Theory and the Roy Adaptation Model. METHODS: In this randomized controlled study, 80 patients treated in the endocrine polyclinic of an education and research hospital in İzmir, Turkey, were randomized to intervention (n = 40) or control (n = 40). The intervention group received diabetic foot care training at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. Using a diabetic foot model, foot care training was given on diabetic foot care practices; in addition, a foot care training booklet prepared by the researchers was provided. Foot care behaviors, self-efficacy, and adaptation were reevaluated after the training and education. Data were collected at baseline, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months in both groups. RESULTS: Diabetic foot care training and telephone follow-up were effective in improving foot care behaviors and facilitating the coping and adaptation process of individuals with diabetes, as well as in increasing their self-efficacy regarding foot care. CONCLUSIONS: When providing theory-based diabetic foot education, the use of visual materials along with verbal instruction as well as telephone follow-ups to evaluate training effectiveness increases patients’ self-efficacy and adaptation.
Comparing Demographics, Treatments, and Outcomes of Patients With COVID-19 Lesions Versus Hospital-Acquired Pressure Ulcers/Injuries During the First Year of COVID-19
Authors: Kirkland-Kyhn Holly , Teleten Oleg , Wilson Machelle , Howell Melania , Joseph Reena , Bell Kathleen , Stocking Jacqueline
Published: April 2024

Background: As COVID-19 has emerged as a pandemic virus, multiple reports have surfaced to describe skin lesions that occur either associated with the virus or due to treatment. Objective: To compare patient demographics, treatments, and outcomes in COVID-19 symptomatic patients who developed skin lesions (COVID-19 or hospital-acquired pressure ulcer/injury [HAPU/I]) during the first year of the pandemic. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on COVID-positive symptomatic patients admitted from March 1, 2020, through March 1, 2021. The authors analyzed the difference in patient demographics, patient skin tones, treatments, hospital length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) LOS, death, and discharge disposition for those with COVID-19 lesions compared to those who developed HAPU/Is. Results: Of those who developed lesions, 2.3% developed COVID-19 lesions and 7.2% developed HAPU/Is. Patients with COVID-19 lesions were more likely to be male (64%), younger (median age 60), and had a higher BMI (30) than patients with no wounds and patients with HAPU/I. Conclusion: This study advances the knowledge of the patient demographics and treatments that may contribute to identifying the new phenomenon of COVID lesions and how they differ from HAPU/Is.
Enhancing seed and cob characteristics in reciprocal crosses between purple waxy corn and sweet corn through plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria application
Authors: Ishartati Erny , Ali Md. Arshad , Basyiruddin Mohamad Alif , Setyawan Mohammad Tri , Hariyady Hariyady
Published: April 2024

Maize is one of the major cereal crops. Different high yielding as well as hybrid varieties have been growing for higher maize production. Various fertilizers have also been used to increase the maize yield. But yield target is not achievable always and the fertilizers had detrimental effects on soil properties also. For sustainable maize production, we conducted a combined study of reciprocal cross and application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). In this study, we examine the traits of seeds and cobs resulting from reciprocal crossings between Purple Waxy Corn (PWC) and Sweet Corn (SC) that were subjected to treatment with PGPR. The outcomes of reciprocal crossings on the traits of seeds and cobs exhibited a distinctiveness that diverged from that of their respective progenitors. The seeds and cobs from reciprocal crosses exhibited novel variation in their characteristics. If the male parent is PWC, the F1 seeds exhibit alterations in both color and type on a single cob, so modifying the traits of the seeds in a direction aligns with those of the female parent. If the male parent is SC (♂), then F1 exhibits a phenotypic alteration in seed color, nugget color and seed type on a single cob which represents a distinctive trait variation between the two parents. An interaction between the application of PGPR, both in terms of timing and concentration and the kind of corn, was seen to affect the seed width, seed thickness and sugar content. The results of present study will be helpful for sustainable maize production.
Enhancing Anaerobic Performance in Kickboxers: The Strategic Role of Short-Duration Napping
Authors: Adanur Oğuz , Eken Özgür
Published: April 2024

The intricate relationship between sleep and athletic performance has long been a subject of interest in sports science. This study delves into the specific impact of short-duration napping on anaerobic performance parameters in the study of kickboxing, an intense combat sport demanding both physical prowess and strategic acumen. We conducted a controlled investigation with 14 young elite male kickboxers, characterized by an average age of 20.29 ± 0.80 years, a height of 174.48 ± 4.11 cm, body masses of 70.46 ± 7.78 kg, and a body mass index (BMI) of 23.12 ± 2.02 kg/m². The experimental design encompassed three distinct conditions: no napping (N0), a 25-minute nap (N25), and a 45-minute nap (N45). The evaluation focused on several key performance metrics, including countermovement jump (CMJ), mean power, and peak power outputs. Intriguingly, our findings indicated that while CMJ values remained relatively unaffected by the napping conditions, significant variations were observed in both mean and peak power outputs, particularly among participants who napped. These variations suggest that napping, even for short durations, can significantly influence certain anaerobic performance parameters in kickboxers, with a marked improvement in power-related aspects. This research contributes to the expanding body of literature on the role of sleep and rest in athletic performance, specifically highlighting the potential of napping as an effective strategy for enhancing physical capabilities in combat sports. The implications of these findings extend beyond the realm of kickboxing, offering valuable insights and practical applications for athletic training and performance optimization across various sports disciplines where anaerobic capabilities are crucial.
Employee participation in logistics companies
Authors: Pawęska Marcin
Published: April 2024

The article refers to the basic thesis that people (employees) are the most valuable asset of any organisation. In this case, the point of reference are the logistics companies. Some characteristics of the way the TSL industry operates are presented in a very condensed form. This has been used as an argument to emphasise the importance of human resources in these companies; in particular, the importance of intellectual capital. Owing to the specific nature of these companies, the need for logistics personnel to be highly competent was clearly emphasised. In fact, this is a sine qua non for staff to be able to actively participate in what is happening in the company, especially in the decision-making process. Not only were the conditions for implementing such a management style stressed, but there were also highlighted the benefits, especially those resulting from events which are unfavourable for the company.
Selected determinants of contemporary management
Authors: Ścibiorek Zbigniew
Published: April 2024

This article presents a number of determinants of contemporary organizations which form the basis for the consideration of selected management issues, predominantly those related to soft management. It points out that a company’s human resources are its most valuable asset, and shows how to manage this asset so that it develops and becomes an important element in building the organization’s strategy and position. By highlighting some of the implications of the internationalization of social and economic processes, the need for companies’ employees to continuously improve their professional skills was emphasized. This in turn became the premise for the presentation of a series of conclusions – suggestions which are addressed to science and didactics.
Undifferentiated Sinonasal Carcinoma with Lymph Node Metastases: A Case Report
Authors:   Avicenne University Hospital Center, Specialized Hospital, Morocco, B Bencheikh , B Benbouzid ,   Avicenne University Hospital Center, Specialized Hospital, Morocco, O Oujilal ,   Avicenne University Hospital Center, Specialized Hospital, Morocco, E Essakalli ,   Avicenne University Hospital Center, Specialized Hospital, Morocco, J Noureddine ,   Avicenne University Hospital Center, Specialized Hospital, Morocco
Published: April 2024

Undifferentiated sinonasal carcinoma (SNUC) is a rare malignant tumor that originates from the Schneiderian membrane lining the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses. It often presents with rhinological symptoms, while other ocular or neurological signs can be either initial or secondary manifestations [1,2]. CT and MRI provide precise locoregional assessment [2,14]. Diagnosis relies on anatomopathological examination [2,3], and the treatment primarily involves surgery and radiochemotherapy (RECFOR.4). This tumor poses management challenges due to its typically late diagnosis and significant extent, which can hinder complete tumor resection. This study aims, along with a literature review, to outline the histoclinical characteristics of SNUC, revisit prognostic factors, and establish an appropriate therapeutic approach for this tumor.
Spindle Cell Hemangioma of the Elbow: Case Report of an Underdiagnosed Entity
Authors:   Department of Pathology, Mohamed V Military Hospital, Hay Riad, Rabat, Morocco, MA Essaoudi , M Allaoui ,   Department of Pathology, Mohamed V Military Hospital, Hay Riad, Rabat, Morocco, MR EL Ochi ,   Department of Pathology, Mohamed V Military Hospital, Hay Riad, Rabat, Morocco, H Chahdi ,   Department of Pathology, Mohamed V Military Hospital, Hay Riad, Rabat, Morocco, M Oukabli ,   Department of Pathology, Mohamed V Military Hospital, Hay Riad, Rabat, Morocco
Published: April 2024

Spindle cell hemangioma (SCH), formerly known as spindle cell hemangioendothelioma, was first described by Weiss and Enzinger in 1986. It is a unique vascular tumor, composed of cavernous spaces and kaposiform solid area. It almost affects the dermis and subcutis of distal extremities. Herein we describe a case of SCH in the right elbow of 9 years old boy. Because the reported cases in the literature are rare, it is suggested that SCH is an underdiagnosed tumor.
Osteopetrosis Revealed by Pseudarthrosis of a Neglected Subtrochanteric Fracture in an Adult: Case Report
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, Bouzid Yassine Ben , Dinia Marouane ,   Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, Bassir Rida-Allah ,   Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, Boufettal Monsef ,   Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, Mekkaoui Jalal ,   Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, Kharmaz Mohamed ,   Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, Lamrani Moulay Omar ,   Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, Berrada Mohamed Saleh ,   Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
Published: April 2024

First described in 1904, Osteopetrosis (OP) is a rare genetic disorder [1] affecting osteoclast activity resulting in decreased bone resorption and bone densification [2]. There are three types of osteopetrosis depending on the world of transmission: autosomal dominant OP, autosomal recessive OP, and intermediate autosomal OP [3]. Indeed, osteopetrosis is characterized by a hard but fragile bone with a narrow or absent medullary canal [4]. Consequently, the bone is so dense and fragile that it is subject to an increased risk of fractures and complications during surgery, which is why patients with OP are treated conservatively [5]. Furthermore, due to poor blood supply, patients with osteopetrosis have a high risk of infection and osteomyelitis, in addition to the risk of pseudarthrosis [6].
Parental Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices on Antibiotics Use for Childhood Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Kicukiro District, Rwanda
Authors:   Postgraduate Student, Department of Public Health, Mount Kenya University, Rwanda, M Nshimiyimana , FM Habtu ,   Mount Kenya University, Kigali, Rwanda, F Manishimwe ,   Mount Kenya University, Kigali, Rwanda, J Ndayisenga ,   Mount Kenya University, Kigali, Rwanda, A Murekatete ,   Mount Kenya University, Kigali, Rwanda
Published: April 2024

Parents’ attitudes and expectations towards antibiotics use for children’s Upper Respiratory Tract Infections are among major causes of antibiotics misuse and the latter leads to the antimicrobial resistance. Thus, this study aimed at assessing parents’ knowledge, attitude and practices on antibiotics use for childhood URTIs in Kicukiro District. A cross-sectional study was conducted and a questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample size of 384 parents with under 12 years of age attending selected Health Centers in Kicukiro District. (SPPS) version 21 was used for data analysis; Chi-square test and regression analysis were used to examine the association between variables. The study findings indicated that 88.5% of parents were female, 39.6% aged from 25 to 34 years, 81.8% were married, 42.2% completed secondary education, 50% had 2 to 4 children and 57% of them were in economic class 2. The study revealed that 40.4% of parents had low level of knowledge of antibiotics use towards antibiotics use and 62% of them had poor practices regarding antibiotics use for childhood URTIs. Parents with increased level of education, higher economic position, with high knowledge and positive attitude use were more likely to have good practices towards antibiotics use than their corresponding counterparts. In conclusion, parents from Kicukiro District had poor knowledge and poor practices regarding antibiotics use for children’s URTIs. Hence, the study recommended that educational interventions for parents are needed to reduce antibiotics misuse by raising awareness on indications of antibiotics, their side effects and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.
A Case Report of Coenurus Cerebralis in a Goat at Dembecha District of Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors:   Animal Health Institute (AHI), Microbiology Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia, Umer Abdi Ahmed , Abera Shubisa ,   Animal Health Institute (AHI), Microbiology Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia, Bilata Tsion ,   Animal Health Institute (AHI), Microbiology Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia
Published: April 2024

The Animal Health Institute received a report of an outbreak from Amhara Regional State, West Gojam zone, Dembecha district, with an unknown etiological agent on caprine death in February 2023. With the objective to conduct investigations and ascertain the reason for the caprine death, a team of experts was deputed to the affected area. Goat exhibiting seizures, lateral recumbency, and appetite loss during a clinical examination, symptoms of a central nervous system disorder including paddling, convulsions, and unconsciousness were noted. Based on clinical sign and presence of definitive hosts at the area the case has been defined for coenurosis cerebralis. For further confirmatory diagnosis postmortem inspection for the brain was undertaken. Cysts were found during necropsy in the left hemisphere’s occipital lobe. The cysts were filled with a clear fluid, and the inner layer of the cysts had several clusters of scolice growing out of it. Larval form of Taenia multiceps, known as Coenurus cerebralis, is found in the small intestines of dogs and other carnivores in the wild. Worldwide, coenurosis is endemic, and it is particularly prevalent in Ethiopia’s highlands, where there are many sheep. Commonly occurs in the life cycle of dogs and small ruminants. The larvae of this parasite are found in the brain and spinal cord of intermediate hosts, while the adult stage of the parasite lives in the small intestine of dogs, foxes, coyotes, and jackals. The intermediate hosts become infected when the dog eats the brain containing the Coenurus cyst, which then develops into Taenia multiceps and begins to pass proglottids containing eggs on pasture. If a person accidentally consumes a parasite egg, they become infected with coenurosis. The primary method of controlling coenurosis is the regular administration of canine anthelmintics and the proper disposal of sheep and goat brain.
Selection in Evolving Chemical Mixtures
Authors: Capera-Aragones Pau , Matange Kavita , Rajaei Vahab , Williams Loren Dean , Frenkel Pinter Moran
Published: April 2024

The emergence of chemical selectivity presents one of the greatest challenges in the origins-of-life research. Complex or even relatively simple chemical mixtures undergoing chemical transformations tend to combinatorically explode. Large numbers of different chemical products arise because of the large number of ways by which mixtures of reactants can combine. Recent empirical work has shown that, under kinetic control conditions, combinatorial compression, i.e., a reduced numbers of species compared to those expected by combinatorics, can be observed. The mechanisms underlying combinatorial compression are yet to be elucidated. In this paper, we combine transition state theory with computer simulations to track the evolution of chemical species (i.e., changes in concentrations) under a wide range of parameter scenarios. Our study reveals that the experimentally observed combinatorial compression requires (i) chemical connectivity, (ii) kinetic dominance by an especially reactive ‘compressor’, and (iii) appropriate temperatures and reaction times. Our results shed new light on mechanisms of chemical evolution and can guide future experiments.
Machine-Learning Discovered Crystallization Model for Two Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks: Towards Precise Control of the Crystal Quality
Authors: Tian Jiaxin , Li Haoyuan
Published: April 2024

The rational molecular design and experimental condition optimizations for two-dimensional co-valent organic frameworks (2D COFs) call for a crystallization model capable of capturing exper-imental time and size scales. However, accurately describing their crystallization process remains a significant challenge due to the presence of non-classical pathways. Here, we demonstrate the implementation of a machine-learning approach, overcoming the difficulties associated with bot-tom-up model derivation. The resulting model, referred to as NEgen1, establishes correlations among the induction time, nucleation rate, growth rate, material parameters, and common solu-tion synthesis conditions for 2D COFs that belong to the nucleation-elongation category. NEg-en1 represents the emergence of practical crystallization models for 2D COFs, enabling the direct calculation of their crystallization processes in both experimental times and sizes. The results elu-cidate the detailed competition between the nucleation and growth dynamics in solution, which has been inappropriately apprehended via classical, empirical models with assumptions invalid for 2D COFs. Importantly, we demonstrate the potential application of the NEgen1 model in opti-mizing the synthesis conditions, which has predominantly relied on empirical knowledge to date. The identification of conditions superior to those routinely used experimentally reveals a promis-ing strategy of gradually increasing monomer addition speed for growing large 2D COF crystals while maintaining a reasonable synthesis time. These results highlight the potential for systemati-cally improving the crystal quality of 2D COFs for wider applications.
Gram-Scale Total Synthesis of Carbazomycins A–D
Authors: Feng Yuxuan , Mori Atsunori , Okano Kentaro
Published: April 2024

Gram-scale total synthesis of carbazomycins A–D is described. The total synthesis of carbazomycin A was achieved in 44% overall yield over six steps from symmetrical 5-chloro-1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene. The key aryne-mediated carbazole-formation and methylation steps provided the multiply substituted carbazole. The regioselective demethylation of the trimethoxycarbazole was performed using boron trichloride. Thereafter, the phenolic hydroxy group was converted into the methyl group to provide carbazomycin A. Subsequent installation of the methoxy group realized the total synthesis of carbazomycin D. Regioselective demethylation was performed using 1-dodecanethiol, effecting the conversions of carbazomycins A and D into carbazomycins B and C, respectively.
Uncovering Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks through Digitization of Chemical Insights
Authors: Lee Soochan , Jeong Hyein , Jung Sungyeop , Kim Yeongjin , Cho Eunchan , Nam Joohan , Yang D. ChangMo , Oh Hyunchul , Choe Wonyoung
Published: April 2024

The vast number of computational predictions presents challenges when transitioning from structural models to experimental confirmations. To address this challenge, we digitized chemical intuition into the discovery process, focusing on zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs). Despite their potential, the limited topologies by the “zeolite conundrum” and an unclear synthetic roadmap have hindered ZIF discovery. We propose a data-driven approach for ZIF discovery using structural descriptors of known materials as a screening tool. From over 4 million zeolite structures, we identified potential ZIF candidates based on O−T−O angle differences, vertex symbols, and T−O−T angles. Energy calculations enabled the ranking of synthesizability of ZIFs, resulting in the successful synthesis of three ZIFs with two unprecedented topologies, UZIF-31 (uft1) and UZIF-32, -33 (uft2). Notably, UZIF-33 demonstrated remarkable selective adsorption of CO2. This work underscores the synergistic potential of combining structure predictions with chemical intuition to advance the field of material discovery.
A Simple and Efficient Preparation of High-Purity and High-Yield Unsolvated Lithium Dodecaborate
Authors: Wang Jian , Steenhaut Timothy , Robeyns Koen , Li Hai-Wen , Filinchuk Yaroslav
Published: April 2024

We present a new and simple approach for the synthesis of lithium dodecaborate (Li2B12H12) in high purity and high yield, based on the reaction between borane dimethyl sulfide complex (DMS·BH3) and lithium borohydride (LiBH4) in glymes (monoglyme or diglyme). The reaction can conveniently be performed either in a Schlenk flask with or without reflux, or in an autoclave. This strategy exhibits various advantages over existing methods, including high product purity, high reaction yields (up to 96%), and operational simplicity. The enclosed system provided by an autoclave is shown to be more favorable for the synthesis of the B12H122– anion and enables obtaining the highest yields. The reaction mechanism has been investigated by 11B NMR spectroscopy, revealing a stepwise formation of B2H7−, B3H8−, B9H14−, B11H14− and B11H132− intermediates. This synthesis method is extended to the M2B12H12 (M = Li, Na, K) series, yielding metal dodecaboranes coordinated with glymes, characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. We show that glymes can be removed through simple exchange with weaker coordinating solvents like DMSO or H2O, followed by heating under vacuum.
Assessment of functioning and effectiveness of cold chain in Primary Health Centers of Bangalore Urban- North
Authors: J Jyothi , T Selvi , SA Thilak , Ranganath TS . and
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION Child immunisation is among the most cost-effective ways of preventing premature child deaths. The potency of vaccines crucial for vaccine efficacy is dependent on effective management of the cold chain at all levels of vaccine handling. Indias immunization program is one of the largest in the world. However full immunization coverage still stands at 61 only. Since there were gaps in immunization coverage and a situation of high morbidity and mortality among under five children India decided to declare the year 2012-13 as a year of ldquoIntensification of Routine Immunizationrdquo for effective vaccine management.OBJECTIVES To assess functioning and effectiveness of cold chain in PHCs.METHODS This is a cross sectional study in which 30 Primary Health Centres that were allotted 27 were studied on immunization days Thursday. Mentors were trained and data was collected using observational checklist.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Among the 27 Primary Health Centres studied 1 centre didnt have Ice line refrigerator or Deep freezer 13 centres didnt have deep freezer. In 22 centres Cold Chain equipment were attached to stabilizer 7 centres placed equipment as per standard norms 3 centres had not maintained temperature charts 3 centres didnt have thermometers. 10 centres showed discrepancy in recorded temperature. Vaccines at the session site were in zipper pouch in vaccine carrier at 23 centres. There are a lot of weaknesses and gaps in cold chain maintenance thus arising the doubt of potencyefficacy and safety of vaccines administered. To improve the situation constant monitoring and supervision periodic training of personnel is necessary.nbsp
Patterns of tobacco consumption among adolescent boys residing at Khasbag, Belgaum, Karnataka: A community based cross sectional study
Authors: R Joshi , N Ashwini , AN and Mallapur MD Vijaya
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND Adotescence is the period during which lifestyle pattems of behavior are being formed. These behaviors set the stage for future health problems. The risk-taking and healthbullcompromising lifestyles are viewed as crucial determinants of future health iliness disability and premature mortality.hence the objective ofthe study was to know the prevalence and pattern oftobacco consumption amongst the adolescent boys residing in an urban community. METHODS The present study is a Community based Cross Sectional Study among 400 adolescent boys residing at Khasbag. Belgaum. Information on socio demographic profile. pattem oftobacco consumption was obtainedfrom adolescent boys aftertheirassent. RESULTS 50 of the participants belonged to 17bull18 years ofage. The main reason for iniiating tobacco consumption has been influence by friends. More than 34 consumers obtained the tobacco product from pan shops. As the age increased the number of particpants consuming tobacco also increased. This observationwas statistically significant.CONCLUSION The present study shows that aimost 15 of the adotescent boys in this urban community have been consumlng tobacco products the most prefered beng gutkha. The prevalence has been more in families With illiterate parents and with history oftobacco consumption in family members. Illiterate adolescent boys in the age group of 17bull19yrs have a greater chance of becoming victims to this dreaded habit. There is an urgent need to develop effective interventions to tackle this problem.nbsp
Informed consent in biomedical research –A review of its importance and current global guidelines
Authors: K and Shilpa K Smitha
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION Informed consent is an essential step in the ethical conduct and regulation of research and it has been a keystone in preparing guidelines for conducting research and ethical oversight of research. It is the process by which a patientparticipant consents to participate in a research project after obtaining detailed information about the likely procedures risks and benefits.OBJECTIVES The article aims to trace the evolution of guidelines for obtaining informed consent knowledge of which is required in the conduct of biomedical and health sciences research by researchers with varied background and experiences. It also highlights the challenges in obtaining a valid informed consent.MATERIALS AND METHODS The following electronic databases were searched through October 152017 1 PubMed MEDLINE 2 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3 Science Direct and 4 ISI Web of Science. Two separate searches were performed. The first search used the following search parameters MeSH terms Informed consent AND MeSHTerms Codes of ethics OR Bioethical issues AND MeSH terms Challenges and the second Used MeSH terms Informed consent AND MeSH terms Ethical committees.RESULTS Articles were initially screened based on the titles and abstracts. The accepted articles were reviewed for study design. All references cited in the accepted articles werereviewed to identify additional papers not identified in the database searches. Disagreement regarding inclusion or exclusion of the retrieved papers was resolved by discussion producing the final set of articles used in this review.CONCLUSION Informed consent is much more than a signed form. In spite of obtaining informed individual consent it is most likely that the participants patients may not be fully aware of their rights and in this regard the role of investigator is crucial.nbsp
Workplace based assessment (wpba): The way forward in post graduate training
Authors: B Shaikh Rizwana
Published: April 2024

None
Obstetric danger signs among pregnant women in urban field practice area of Bengaluru Medical College
Authors: . Karuna , T S Ranganath
Published: April 2024

Background One of the most important goal that is relevant to RMNCHA strategic approach is reduction of Maternal Mortality Rate to 100 per 100000 live births by 2017. India still has a MMR of 174 per 100000 live birth by 2015. Important causes of maternal mortality are severe bleeding 25 infection 15 eclampsia obstructed labour unsafe abortion. Identification of danger signs by the pregnant women becomes the key to reduce maternal mortality and also foetal loss by appropriate and timely referral. Various studies have shown that there is a lack of knowledge among pregnant women pertaining to this.Objectives 1.To assess the knowledge of pregnant women about the danger signs during pregnancy delivery and postpartum. 2. To assess the factors associated with knowledge of pregnant women.Methodology This is a cross sectional study at the urban field practice area of BMCRI. With reference to previous study conducted by Nithya et al 180 sample size was calculated All pregnant women who gave consent were included in the study. The tool used for testing the knowledge about the danger signs of pregnancy labour and childbirth was as enumerated by the World Health Organization in the Safe Motherhood Needs Assessment document which is a semi-structured questionnaire. Pregnant women who mentioned at least three danger signs during pregnancy at least two problems of labour and at least two danger signs after delivery were considered knowledgeable. At the end of the study the participants were educated about the danger signs in the vernacular language.Results Percentage of pregnant women aware of danger signs during pregnancy childbirth and postpartum are 35 22 18 respectively. The factors associated with good knowledge was high literacy rate parity and antenatal visits. Conclusion There is a lack of knowledge among pregnant women about danger signs. Reduction in maternal mortality can be achieved by health education.
Challenges in addressing the rising dual burden of nutrition in India
Authors: Giridhara R. Babu Dr.
Published: April 2024

None
Awareness, Usage and Perceived Benefits of Mobile Appsfor Health and Fitness among the Interns and PostgraduateStudents of a Medical College in Bengaluru city
Authors: Sanfui Biswabinod , R RaveendraReddy H , S Mangala
Published: April 2024

Background Indiarsquos strong Information Technology background can be utilized to improve healthcare delivery service by using mobile technology. However the awareness of technology and apps in the field of medicine is limited.Objective The study was taken up to determine the proportion of health app users among medical interns and postgraduates and to assess the effectiveness of Health apps amongst them in achieving nutrition physical activity and weight loss goals.Methodology A cross sectional study was conducted among 181 randomly selected medical interns and postgraduates in a private medical college in Bangalore for a period of two months. A pretested self-administered questionnaire is used to collect their age group activity details and feedback towards usefulness of the health apps. Data collected was analyzed using Epi Info 7.2.1Results Only 82.32 respondents were aware of the presence of health-related apps of which 58.39 actually used health apps. The respondents used apps for fitness nutrition self-care vitals sleep mindfulness reproductive health health information and health dashboards but only 5.74 had been using the apps for more than 2 years. 27.5 respondents found health apps most useful in achieving nutrition goals while 11.49 found it useless.Conclusion Awareness should be spreaded especially among medical practitioners to keep updated on health information using these apps. Further development of apps should be made to meet the needs of the users unsatisfied with the apps by taking feedbacks to improve the service further.
Assessing status of Iodine Deficiency Disorders in Ramanagara District
Authors: T S Ranganath , S G Kishore , Reddy Ramakrishna , Murthy H J Deepak , B . Vanitha
Published: April 2024

Background Iodine deficiency disorders IDDs constitute a major public health problem in India. Goiter occurring in a large fraction of population gt 10 is said to be due to iodine deficiency rather than any other cause. A community-based cross-sectional study was undertaken in Ramanagara with the aim to track the elimination of IDD. Objective This study was planned to determine the iodine status of school children unexamined for goiter status and excretion median urinary iodine concentration. Methods Goitre was assessed by standard inspection and palpation technique in 2700 school children aged 6-12 years. Spot urine samples of 270 children were collected for estimation of urinary iodine using modified method of San-dell and Kolthoff. Household salt samples of the 540 children from schools were analysed for its iodine content by standard iodometric titration method.Results The overall prevalence of Goiter was found to be 13.1 among children examined. The Median urinary iodine excretion UIE was 78.3microgL. About 98.7 of the salt samples adequately iodized having Iodine content of gt15ppm. Conclusion UIE reflects recent iodine-nutrition at the time of measurement and thyroid size shows iodine nutrition over months or years it can be said that this region can be transformed from iodine-deficient to iodine sufficient zone.