bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breakdown and Movement of 2,4-D in the Soil Under Field Conditions
Authors: Wilson R. G. , Cheng H. H.
Published: May 2019

The fate of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] in the soil under winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘Nugaines’) and fallow cropping schemes was studied under the field conditions of eastern Washington in 1973 and 1974 using formulated dimethylamine salt and isooctyl ester of 2,4-D. Soil samples taken 1 hour after herbicide application showed that amine-treated plots retained considerably more applied 2,4-D than ester-treated plots. The rapidity of 2,4-D breakdown decreased gradually with time, and at the end of 6 months, an average of 0.04 ppm of 2,4-D remained in the sampled soil profile regardless of formulation, application rate, or cropping scheme. Loss of 2,4-D from the soil surface in runoff occurred when the plots were irrigated heavily one day after the herbicide application. The herbicide was also leached into the soil profile by both irrigation and natural precipitation. Herbicide concentrations in the sampled portion of the upper soil profile decreased during the summer and then increased slightly in the fall.
Asulam for Johnsongrass Control in Sugarcane
Authors: Millhollon R. W.
Published: May 2019

Asulam (methyl sulfanilylcarbamate) at 3.3 or 4.5 kg/ha gave 54% and 61% control, respectively, when applied only to the initial infestation of rhizomatous johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.] in sugarcane (Saccharuminterspecific hybrids). When applied both to the initial infestation and to the regrowth, 81% and 88% control, respectively, were obtained. Both the single and dual asulam treatments produced yields of sugar that were about double the yield of an untreated check and about 90% of the yield of a hand-weeded check. Sugarcane cultivars ‘CP 52-68′, ‘CP 65-357′, ‘CP 61-37′, and ‘L 62-96’ were highly tolerant to single applications of asulam at 4.5 and 6.7 kg/ha and to dual applications of asulam at 3.4 kg/ha. Some cultivars were moderately injured by dual applications of asulam at 4.5 kg/ha.
Metabolism and Differential Susceptibility of Crabgrass and Witchgrass to Simazine and Atrazine
Authors: Robinson D. E. , Greene D. W.
Published: May 2019

Growth chamber studies showed crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop.] to be more tolerant than witchgrass (Panicum capillareL.) to simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine] and atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine]. Both grasses were more susceptible to simazine than to atrazine. Thes-triazines were taken up by both weed species in equal quantities, but witchgrass translocated larger amounts of simazine and atrazine to the shoots. The greater sensitivity of witchgrass to simazine appeared to be due to the increased translocation of unchanged simazine to the shoots. Greater sensitivity of witchgrass to atrazine was attributed to increased translocation of atrazine to the shoots and less metabolism of thes-triazine to hydrophilic metabolites. It was concluded that the hydrophilic metabolites were the peptide conjugates formed by the enzyme glutathione-S-transferase.
Isophotometry of Comet Tago-Sato-Kosaka
Authors: Kumar C. K. , Southall Rita J.
Published: May 2019

Narrow-band filler photographs of comet TSK were taken in the light of C2, CN and C3 by Rahe McCracken and Donn, have been analysed in terms of Haser's model of the coma. The isophotes obtained from these photographs were corrected for sky background. The isophotes were circularly symmetric. Radial intensity profiles were obtained along the sunward, antisun and the two perpendicular directions. In each case, these profiles were the same within the experimental errors in intensity (±5%).

Theoretical curves based on Haser's model were computed for different combinations of the parameters β0 and β1 where l/β0 is the scale length for the decay of the unobserved parent molecule and 1/β1 the corresponding quantity for the observed daughter molecule. A comparison of the theoretical and observed intensity profiles, yielded our best estimates for β0 and β1 for the different molecules. These are listed in Table 1. In some cases, we were able to obtain lower limits only to the ratio β0/β1 because the isophotes do not go out far enough, a limitation caused by the sky background. It is to be noted that the same values of the parameters were obtained from observations on different dates indicating no unusual activity in the comet in the intervening period. We believe ours is the first result ever obtained for C3.

In Table 2, we summarize all the results for C2 and CN in different comets. It appears that the scale lengths differ between comets, a result which cannot be attributed to different helio-centric distances alone.
‘Artuswelt’ and ‘Gralwelt’: Shame Culture and Guilt Culture in ‘Parzival’
Authors: Szövérffy Joseph
Published: May 2019

‘To judge by the profusion of scholarly works that have appeared in the last two or three decades, Wolfram's Parzival has enjoyed an extraordinary popularity,’ says Henry Kratz in his recent book, which he calls ‘An attempt at a total evaluation.’ Wolfram's romance remains the center of interest, but any ‘total evaluation’ runs the risk that it will be considered only on certain levels of interpretation, in spite of the fact that literary works, especially those of the Middle Ages, often display a combination of interpretative levels which, though seemingly contradictory, still do not necessarily exclude one another.
Royal Necessity and Noble Service and Subsidy in Early-Fourteenth-Century France: The Assembly of Bourges of November 1318
Authors: Brown Elizabeth A. R.
Published: May 2019

Philip V's negotiations with his subjects to secure subsidies and support in 1318 and 1319 significantly affected the evolution of royal policies and general attitudes toward taxation and consultation in fourteenth-century France. Though many aspects of these governmental activities have been studied, the precise nature of the monarchy's aims and plans, and the complex interrelationship of the reactions of different groups and different regions are still not fully understood. The work which has been done has concentrated on analysis as a prelude to synthesis: the various stands taken by townspeople, by nobles, and by ecclesiastics have been treated, and the responses of various areas have been considered. Much of the material necessary for a comprehensive assessment has been examined and ordered, yet there remain problems, relatively restricted in nature and scope, which demand consideration before the meaning and implications of the events of 1318 and 1319 can be adequately comprehended.
Mobile-assisted language learning: A Duolingo case study
Authors: Loewen Shawn , Crowther Dustin , Isbell Daniel R. , Kim Kathy Minhye , Maloney Jeffrey , Miller Zachary F. , Rawal Hima
Published: May 2019

The growing availability of mobile technologies has contributed to an increase in mobile-assisted language learning in which learners can autonomously study a second language (L2) anytime or anywhere (e.g. Kukulska-Hulme, Lee & Norris, 2017; Reinders & Benson, 2017). Research investigating the effectiveness of such study for L2 learning, however, has been limited, especially regarding large-scale commercial L2 learning apps, such as Duolingo. Although one commissioned research study found favorable language learning outcomes (Vesselinov & Grego, 2012), limited independent research has reported issues related to learner persistence, motivation, and program efficacy (Lord, 2015; Nielson, 2011). The current study investigates the semester-long learning experiences and results of nine participants learning Turkish on Duolingo. The participants showed improvement on L2 measures at the end of the study, and results indicate a positive, moderate correlation between the amount of time spent on Duolingo and learning gains. In terms of perceptions of their experiences, the participants generally viewed Duolingo’s flexibility and gamification aspects positively; however, variability in motivation to study and frustration with instructional materials were also expressed.
Paramedic Disaster Health Management Competencies: A Scoping Review
Authors: Horrocks Peter , Hobbs Lisa , Tippett Vivienne , Aitken Peter
Published: May 2019

Introduction:

Paramedics are tasked with providing 24/7 prehospital emergency care to the community. As part of this role, they are also responsible for providing emergency care in the event of a major incident or disaster. They play a major role in the response stage of such events, both domestic and international. Despite this, specific standardized training in disaster management appears to be variable and inconsistent throughout the profession. A suggested method of building disaster response capacities is through competency-based education (CBE). Core competencies can provide the fundamental basis of collective learning and help ensure consistent application and translation of knowledge into practice. These competencies are often organized into domains, or categories of learning outcomes, as defined by Blooms taxonomy of learning domains. It is these domains of competency, as they relate to paramedic disaster response, that are the subject of this review.

Methods:

The methodology for this paper to identify existing paramedic disaster response competency domains was adapted from the guidance for the development of systematic scoping reviews, using a methodology developed by members of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI; Adelaide, South Australia) and members of five Joanna Briggs Collaborating Centres.

Results:

The literature search identified six articles for review that reported on paramedic disaster response competency domains. The results were divided into two groups: (1) General Core Competency Domains, which are suitable for all paramedics (both Advanced Life Support [ALS] and Basic Life Support [BLS]) who respond to any disaster or major incident; and (2) Specialist Core Competencies, which are deemed necessary competencies to enable a response to certain types of disaster. Further review then showed that three separate and discrete types of competency domains exits in the literature: (1) Core Competencies, (2) Technical/Clinical Competencies, and (3) Specialist Technical/Clinical Competencies.

Conclusions:

The most common domains of core competencies for paramedic first responders to manage major incidents and disasters described in the literature were identified. If it’s accepted that training paramedics in disaster response is an essential part of preparedness within the disaster management cycle, then by including these competency domains into the curriculum development of localized disaster training programs, it will better prepare the paramedic workforce’s competence and ability to effectively respond to disasters and major incidents.
Effects of Concussion in Adolescent Students: Perceptions and Performance
Authors: Rieger Brian , Lewandowski Lawrence , Potts Heather , Shea Nicole
Published: May 2019

Objective:The purpose of this study was to compare adolescent students with and without concussion on a battery of academic, neurocognitive, and socioemotional measures and assess the aftereffects of concussion across domains of functioning.Methods:Twenty-four adolescents (ages 13–17) reporting postconcussion symptoms were compared to 24 controls matched for age and gender across a battery of tests and surveys.Results:After correcting for multiple comparisons, there were no significant differences on any neuropsychological measures. Similarly, there were no significant group differences on academic measures of vocabulary, word recognition, or reading comprehension. Self-reported concussion symptoms were much greater for students with concussion, as were self-reports of anxiety, depression, and somatization symptoms. Parents also rated those with concussion as having greater depression and somatization symptoms, but not to a degree that survived Bonferroni correction. Lastly, those with concussion reported a significantly greater number of school problems and academic concerns.Conclusions:Results indicated that adolescents who reported postconcussion symptoms do not perform differently from peers on most neurocognitive and academic tasks, yet they showed considerably more worry, somatization, academic concerns, and feelings of inadequacy than matched controls. The findings suggest that interventions to address psychological and academic stress may be indicated for adolescents symptomatic from concussion.
The roles of language mode and dominance in French–German bilinguals’ motion event descriptions
Authors: Stocker Ladina , Berthele Raphael
Published: May 2019

Juggling with structurally and semantically different language systems leads to constructions that differ from the typical patterns in a language. Typical patterns in the domain of motion are characterized by more verbs encoding path in French; and more verbs encoding the manner of motion in German. An increase of manner verbs in French, for instance, can be ascribed to an influence from German. The extent of typical or reversed patterns depends on interrelated factors such as speaker-related idiosyncrasies, language dominance configurations, and – arguably – the degree of language activation. Drawing on data from 154 French–German bilinguals who described motion events in different language modes, this paper combines interrelated questions on the role of language dominance, language mode manipulation and how these factors interact. Quantitative analyses on the use of motion verbs do not show the expected effects. The null results are discussed by comparing preceding studies showing contradictory findings.
Multi-cut four-port shared radiator with stepped ground and diversity effects for WLAN application
Authors: Malviya Leeladhar , Chouhan Sanjay
Published: May 2019

A four-port shared radiator is proposed for 5.2 GHz wireless application using multiple-cut rectangular geometry and partially stepped ground. The difficulty in making the shared radiator structure is almost removed in the presented design, and without the help of any isolating structure, sufficient value of isolation is achieved. The proposed shared geometry produces isolation of >10 dB in the 4.96–5.5 GHz operating frequency band. The gain of the MIMO antenna varies from 2.4 to 5.5 dBi, and radiation efficiency is >63% in the proposed band. The ports are arranged in an orthogonal manner to reduce the mutual coupling. An envelope correlation coefficient is <0.03 in the proposed antenna band. The total active reflection coefficient bandwidth of the antenna is 500 MHz with best combination of input excitation angles of 90, 180°. The isolation in the proposed shared radiator is enhanced by creating multiple cuts and stepped ground. To check the suitability of antenna for indoor and outdoor environments the mean effective gain and specific absorption rate results are also presented in the paper and it found under the required safety norms as per the international telecommunication union for uniform and Gaussian environments.
Large-signal vector characterization of LDMOS devices for analysis and design of broadband Doherty high-power amplifiers
Authors: Cidronali Alessandro , Collodi Giovanni
Published: May 2019

We present a novel broadband large-signal vector characterization technique, suitable for high-power broadband Doherty amplifiers (DPAs). It consists of characterizing the DPA three-port sub-circuit composed of the main and peak power devices that are inter-connected by the input network. We discuss a suitable way to extract the three-port X-parameters of a DPA sub-circuit, which is based on a pair of high-power Silicon Laterally Diffused MOSFETs (LDMOSs) for UHF applications. It is then applied to the analysis of a high-power broadband DPA developed on the basis of the same DPA sub-circuit. This technique permits the broadband analysis of the operation of the DPA, as well as to get insight on the load modulation for both the peak and main devices, while they mutually interact through the input network. Measurements and simulated data in the 700–960 MHz bandwidth are compared so as to demonstrate the feasibility of three-port X-parameters characterization for high-power DPAs in UHF band.
CME-Antworten: Update Aktinische Keratosen
Authors: Angehrn Susanne , Tschernitz Sebastian
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung.
CME: Dyslipidämie und kardiovaskuläres Risiko bei HIV-infizierten Patienten CME-Fragen
Authors: Tschumi Fabian , Brugger Silvio D. , Braun Dominique L.
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung. Dyslipidämien sind häufig bei HIV-infizierten Patienten und können in dieser Patientengruppe zu einem erhöhten kardiovaskulären Risiko beitragen. Eine unbehandelte HIV-Infektion, aber auch gewisse antiretrovirale Medikamente, können zu einer unvorteilhaften Veränderung des Lipidprofils führen. Dieser Artikel beschreibt die Diagnosestellung, Abklärung und Therapie einer Dyslipidämie bei HIV-infizierten Patienten.
The Importance of Icelandic Ice Sheet Growth and Retreat on Mantle CO2 Flux
Authors: Armitage John J. , Ferguson David J. , Petersen Kenni D. , Creyts Timothy T.
Published: May 2019

Climate cycles may significantly affect the eruptive behavior of terrestrial volcanoes due to pressure changes caused by glacial loading, which raises the possibility that climate change may modulate CO2 degassing via volcanism. In Iceland, magmatism is likely to have been influenced by glacial activity. To explore if deglaciation therefore impacted CO2 flux, we coupled a model of glacial loading over the last ∼120 ka to melt generation and transport. We find that a nuanced relationship exists between magmatism and glacial activity. Enhanced CO2 degassing happened prior to the main phase of late‐Pleistocene deglaciation, and it is sensitive to the duration of the growth of the ice sheet entering into the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), as well as the rate of ice loss. Ice sheet growth depresses melting in the upper mantle, creating a delayed pulse of CO2 out‐gassing, as the magmatic system recovers from the effects of loading.
Rate‐and‐State Model Casts New Insight into Episodic Tremor and Slow‐slip Variability in Cascadia
Authors: Luo Yingdi , Liu Zhen
Published: May 2019

Advances in geodetic and seismic observations have led to the discovery of Episodic Tremor and Slow‐slip (ETS). ETS in Cascadia subduction zone occurs semiregularly and shows intriguing spatio‐temporal variability reportedly associated with frictional properties and stress conditions. Yet the origin of complex ETS behaviors remains largely unknown. Here we develop a laboratory‐based rate‐and‐state asperity‐in‐matrix subduction fault model, supported by geological observations of exhumed fault with heterogeneous frictional properties and pore pressure variation, to reproduce all ETS variability in good agreement with observations. Our results show that differential pore pressure plays a crucial role in affecting fault behaviors. Regions of asperities with decreased pore pressure tend to have increased tremor. Our study suggests that ETS variability can be used to probe otherwise enigmatic fault zone properties.
Wavelet‐Based River Segmentation Using Hydraulic Control‐Preserving Water Surface Elevation Profile Properties
Authors: Samine Montazem A. , Garambois P‐A. , Calmant S. , Finaud‐Guyot P. , Monnier J. , Medeiros Moreira D. , Minear J. T. , Biancamaria S.
Published: May 2019

River flow models that consider satellite observations of the water surface elevation (WSE) require meaningful segmentation into reaches. Segmentation methods involve a trade‐off between the spatial sampling and error characteristics of satellite observations, both of which impact the flow model realism/accuracy. This paper investigates the spatial properties of WSE profiles (slope and concavity) and their link with hydraulic controls (HCs) and leverages this knowledge to advance river segmentation. Fine‐scale synthetic cases were analyzed to characterize HC effects on the remotely observable WSE properties. Following this, a wavelet‐based segmentation method was developed and subsequently tested on real rivers, including test cases with measurements characteristic of the Surface Water and Ocean Topography satellite mission. The results show that the local extrema of water surface (WS) concavity are good candidates for defining reach bounds while consistently preserving the HC signatures and local flow nonuniformities (deviations from equilibrium) from fine to large spatial scales.
Topside Ionospheric Disturbances Detected Using Radio Occultation Measurements During the August 2017 Solar Eclipse
Authors: Perry G. W. , Watson C. , Howarth A. D. , Themens D. R. , Foss V. , Langley R. B. , Yau A. W.
Published: May 2019

The CASSIOPE (also known as Swarm‐E) satellite crossed the path of totality of the August 2017 eclipse at ~640‐km altitude ~10 min following the lunar umbra. Observations from CASSIOPE's Global Positioning System radio occultation receiver reveal total electron content variations of 0.2–0.3 total electron content units in the topside ionosphere—a signature of medium‐scale (100‐200 km) plasma disturbances in the lunar penumbra that were induced by the eclipse. The variations were only observed during the eclipse, their absence on preceding days being consistent with their very low (<10%) statistical occurrence probability. Their spectral characteristics match those of other contemporaneous measurements, and their detection is consistent with the simulated ionosphere‐thermosphere response to the eclipse. To capture the small‐scale size of the variations or to simulate those expected in the upcoming (July 2019) total eclipse, ionosphere‐thermosphere model runs with a spatial resolution of 50 km or better would be required.
Translational downregulation of Twist1 expression by antiproliferative gene, B-cell translocation gene 2, in the triple negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Devanand Preethi , Sundaramoorthy Santhoshkumar , Ryu Min Sook , Jayabalan Aravinth kumar , Ohn Takbum , Lim In Kyoung
Published: May 2019

Twist1, a key transcription factor regulating epithelial–mesenchymal transition and cancer metastasis, is highly expressed in invasive cancers in contrast to the loss of BTG2/TIS21expression. Based on our observation that forced expression of BTG2/TIS21downregulated Twist1 protein expression without altering mRNA level, we investigated molecular mechanisms of the BTG2/TIS21-inhibited Twist1 translation in the triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and in vivo BTG2/TIS21-knockout (KO) mice and human breast cancer tissues. (1) C-terminal domain of Twist1 and Box B of BTG2/TIS21interacted with each other, which abrogated Twist1 activity. (2) BTG2/TIS21inhibited translational initiation by depleting eIF4E availability via inhibiting 4EBP1 phosphorylation. (3) Expression of BTG2/TIS21maintained p-eIF2α that downregulates initiation of protein translation, confirmed by eIF2α-AA mutant expression and BTG2/TIS21knockdown in MEF cells. (4) cDNA microarray analysis revealed significantly higher expression of initiation factors-eIF2A, eIF3A, and eIF4G2-in the BTG2/TIS21-KO mouse than that in the wild type. (5) BTG2/TIS21-inhibited translation initiation lead to the collapse of polysome formation and the huge peak of 80s monomer in the BTG2/TIS21expresser, but not in the control. (6) mRNAs and protein expressions of elongation factors were also downregulated by BTG2/TIS21expression in TNBC cells, but much higher in both TIS21-KO mice and lymph node-positive human breast cancers. (7) BTG2/TIS21-mediated Twist1 loss was not due to the protein degradation by ubiquitination and autophagy activation. (8) Twist1 protein level was significantly higher in various organs of TIS21-KO mice compared with that in the control, indicating the in vivo role ofBTG2/TIS21gene in the regulation of Twist1 protein level. Altogether, the present study support our hypothesis that BTG2/TIS21is a promising target to combat with metastatic cancers with high level of Twist1 without BTG2/TIS21expression.
The appropriate frequency and function of decidual Tim-3+CTLA-4+CD8+ T cells are important in maintaining normal pregnancy
Authors: Wang Songcun , Sun Fengrun , Li Mengdie , Qian Jinfeng , Chen Chunqin , Wang Mingyan , Zang Xingxing , Li Dajin , Yu Min , Du Meirong
Published: May 2019

Maternal decidual CD8+ T (dCD8+ T) cells must integrate the antithetical demands of maternal–fetal tolerance and anti-viral immunity to establish a successful pregnancy. T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) are two important co-inhibitory molecules that regulating CD8+ T cells responses during infection and tumor. In the present study, we examined the co-expression of Tim-3 and CTLA-4 on CD8+ T cells during pregnancy and found the higher frequency of Tim-3+CTLA-4+dCD8+ T cells in response to trophoblasts. This Tim-3+CTLA-4+dCD8+ T cells subset showed an active status and produced more anti-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the decreased number and altered function of Tim-3+CTLA-4+dCD8+ T cells correlated to miscarriage. Combined blocking Tim-3 and CTLA-4 pathways were highly effective in inhibiting the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and were detrimental to the maintenance of pregnancy. Together, these findings supported that Tim-3 and CTLA-4 pathways might play positive roles in the establishment and/or maintenance of maternal–fetal tolerance so to promote the maintenance of normal pregnancy. So the reproductive safety must be considered, especially when anti-Tim-3/CTLA-4 antibody (and other immune checkpoint inhibitors) are used in pregnancy.
Cloxiquine, a traditional antituberculosis agent, suppresses the growth and metastasis of melanoma cells through activation of PPARγ
Authors: Zhang Wenxiang , Shao Wei , Dong Zhewen , Zhang Shiyao , Liu Chang , Chen Siyu
Published: May 2019

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive skin cancers and 5-year survival rate is only 4.6% for metastatic melanoma patients. Current therapies, especially those involving clinical chemotherapy drugs, have achieved remarkable advances. However, their side effects, such as bone marrow suppression, limit the effectiveness of available pharmacological therapies. Therefore, exploring new antimelanoma drugs with less toxicity is critical for the treatment of melanoma. In the present study, we aimed to identify the antimelanoma drugs with ability to repress the proliferation of melanoma cells by using a high-content screening of FDA-approved drug libraries. We found that cloxiquine (CLQ), a traditional antituberculosic drug, exhibited strong inhibitory effects on the growth and metastasis of melanoma cells both in vivo and in vitro. In contrast, CLQ at the tested doses did not show any apparent toxicity in normal melanocytes and in the liver. At the metabolic level, treatment with CLQ decreased glycolysis, thus potentially inhibiting the “Warburg effect” in B16F10 cells. More importantly, combination of CLQ and 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), a well-known glycolysis inhibitor, did not show a synergistic effect on the tumor growth and metastasis, indicating that inhibition of glycolysis is potentially involved in mediating CLQ’s antimelanoma function. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) served as a potential CLQ target. Mechanistically, CLQ stimulated the transcription and nuclear contents of PPARγ. Furthermore, the specific PPARγ inhibitor GW9662 or PPARγ shRNA partially abolished the effects of CLQ. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that CLQ has a great potential in the treatment of melanoma through activation of PPARγ.
The HBx–CTTN interaction promotes cell proliferation and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma via CREB1
Authors: Li Yajun , Fu Yongming , Hu Xingwang , Sun Lunquan , Tang Daolin , Li Ning , Peng Fang , Fan Xue-gong
Published: May 2019

Hepatitis B virus-encoded X protein (HBx) acts as a tumor promoter during hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development, probably by regulating the expression of host proteins through protein–protein interaction. A proteomics approach was used to identify HBx-interacting proteins involved in HBx-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. We validated the proteomics findings by co-immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy. We performed cell proliferation, migration assays and cell cycle analyses in HCC cells. Finally, we confirmed the clinical significance of our findings in samples from patients. We found that cortactin (CTTN) is a novel HBx-interacting protein, and HBx regulates the expression of CTTN in the HCC cell lines MHCC-LM3 and HepG2. Mechanistically, by upregulating the expression of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB1) and its downstream targets, such as cyclin D1 and MMP-9, the effects of the HBx-CTTN interaction on the enhancement of cellular proliferation and migration were maintained by inhibiting cell cycle arrest. In addition, we demonstrated that the levels of CTTN and CREB1 were closely correlated in clinical samples from HBV-infected patients with HCC. Overall, our data suggests that HBx contributes to cell migration and proliferation of HCC cells by interacting with CTTN and regulating the expression of CTTN and CREB1. Therefore, the HBx/CTTN/CREB1 axis is a potential novel therapeutic target in HCC.
Targeting the transcription factor receptor LXR to treat clear cell renal cell carcinoma: agonist or inverse agonist?
Authors: Wu Guangzhen , Wang Qinglian , Xu Yingkun , Li Jianyi , Zhang Hongge , Qi Guanghui , Xia Qinghua
Published: May 2019

Growing evidence indicates that clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a metabolism-related disease. Changes in fatty acid (FA) and cholesterol metabolism play important roles in ccRCC development. As a nuclear transcription factor receptor, Liver X receptor (LXR) regulates a variety of key molecules associated with FA synthesis and cholesterol transport. Therefore, targeting LXR may provide new therapeutic targets for ccRCC. However, the potential regulatory effect and molecular mechanisms of LXR in ccRCC remain unknown. In the present study, we found that both an LXR agonist and an XLR inverse agonist could inhibit proliferation and colony formation and induce apoptosis in ccRCC cells. We observed that the LXR agonist LXR623 downregulated the expression of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and upregulated the expression of ABCA1, which resulted in reduced intracellular cholesterol and apoptosis. The LXR inverse agonist SR9243 downregulated the FA synthesis proteins sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FASN) and stearoyl-coA desaturase 1 (SCD1), causing a decrease in intracellular FA content and inducing apoptosis in ccRCC cells. SR9243 and LXR623 induced apoptosis in ccRCC cells but had no killing effect on normal renal tubular epithelial HK2 cells. We also found that SRB1-mediated high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in cholesterol influx is the cause of high cholesterol in ccRCC cells. In conclusion, our data suggest that an LXR inverse agonist and LXR agonist decrease the intracellular FA and cholesterol contents in ccRCC to inhibit tumour cells but do not have cytotoxic effects on non-malignant cells. Thus, LXR may be a safe therapeutic target for treating ccRCC patients.
Mesostructure and orientation control of lyotropic liquid crystals in a polysiloxane matrix
Authors: Hara Mitsuo
Published: May 2019

As a preparation method for organic–inorganic or mesoporous inorganic materials via sol–gel condensation of a metal alkoxide, the combination of lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) and sol–gel chemistry is a versatile tool to fabricate various nanostructures. Despite previous investigations into such systems, no attempt has been made to utilize the dynamic switching functions of such nanostructures via the phase transition of LLCs in films. A polysiloxane containing an amine-hydrochloride group and a vinyl group was recently synthesized. By controlling the relative humidity, we achieved the phase transition of LLCs and on-demand UV-curing of LLC phases in the polysiloxane film. We further developed vertically oriented organic–inorganic nanochannels by using π−π interactions between discotic molecules and the substrate surface or the spontaneous vertical alignment of LLC containing azobenzene units.
Physically informed artificial neural networks for atomistic modeling of materials
Authors: Pun G. P. Purja , Batra R. , Ramprasad R. , Mishin Y.
Published: May 2019

Large-scale atomistic computer simulations of materials heavily rely on interatomic potentials predicting the energy and Newtonian forces on atoms. Traditional interatomic potentials are based on physical intuition but contain few adjustable parameters and are usually not accurate. The emerging machine-learning (ML) potentials achieve highly accurate interpolation within a large DFT database but, being purely mathematical constructions, suffer from poor transferability to unknown structures. We propose a new approach that can drastically improve the transferability of ML potentials by informing them of the physical nature of interatomic bonding. This is achieved by combining a rather general physics-based model (analytical bond-order potential) with a neural-network regression. This approach, called the physically informed neural network (PINN) potential, is demonstrated by developing a general-purpose PINN potential for Al. We suggest that the development of physics-based ML potentials is the most effective way forward in the field of atomistic simulations.
High-throughput calculations of catalytic properties of bimetallic alloy surfaces
Authors: Mamun Osman , Winther Kirsten T. , Boes Jacob R. , Bligaard Thomas
Published: May 2019

A comprehensive database of chemical properties on a vast set of transition metal surfaces has the potential to accelerate the discovery of novel catalytic materials for energy and industrial applications. In this data descriptor, we present such an extensive study of chemisorption properties of important adsorbates - e.g., C, O, N, H, S, CHx, OH, NH, and SH - on 2,035 bimetallic alloy surfaces in 5 different stoichiometric ratios, i.e., 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. To our knowledge, it is the first systematic study to compile the adsorption properties of such a well-defined, large chemical space of catalytic interest. We propose that a collection of catalytic properties of this magnitude can assist with the development of machine learning enabled surrogate models in theoretical catalysis research to design robust catalysts with high activity for challenging chemical transformations. This database is made publicly available through the platform www.Catalysis-hub.org for easy retrieval of the data for further scientific analysis.
Catalysis-Hub.org, an open electronic structure database for surface reactions
Authors: Winther Kirsten T. , Hoffmann Max J. , Boes Jacob R. , Mamun Osman , Bajdich Michal , Bligaard Thomas
Published: May 2019

We present a new open repository for chemical reactions on catalytic surfaces, available at https://www.catalysis-hub.org. The featured database for surface reactions contains more than 100,000 chemisorption and reaction energies obtained from electronic structure calculations, and is continuously being updated with new datasets. In addition to providing quantum-mechanical results for a broad range of reactions and surfaces from different publications, the database features a systematic, large-scale study of chemical adsorption and hydrogenation on bimetallic alloy surfaces. The database contains reaction specific information, such as the surface composition and reaction energy for each reaction, as well as the surface geometries and calculational parameters, essential for data reproducibility. By providing direct access via the web-interface as well as a Python API, we seek to accelerate the discovery of catalytic materials for sustainable energy applications by enabling researchers to efficiently use the data as a basis for new calculations and model generation.
Publisher Correction: Nasal mucus glutathione transferase activity and impact on olfactory perception and neonatal behavior
Authors: Robert-Hazotte Aline , Faure Philippe , Neiers Fabrice , Potin Catherine , Artur Yves , Coureaud Gérard , Heydel Jean-Marie
Published: May 2019

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Establishment of a model of sentinel lymph node metastasis using immunodeficient swine
Authors: Kurihara Toshiaki , Matsuda Sachiko , Nakamura Yuki , Suzuki Shunichi , Fuchimoto Daiichiro , Onishi Akira , Saeki Kohei , Nakagawa Takayuki , Fujiwara Reina , Kamata Masatoshi , Kuramoto Junko , Kameyama Kaori , Sekino Masaki , Kusakabe Moriaki , Hayashida Tetsu , Jinno Hiromitsu , Kitagawa Yuko
Published: May 2019

Lymph node metastasis occurs via the migration of cancer cells through the lymphatic system. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is a common diagnostic strategy. SLNs have been studied using healthy rodents and large animals without metastasis. Here we used immunodeficient swine to establish a model of lymph node metastasis. We used RAG2-knockout immunodeficient swine. A431 human epithelial carcinoma cells expressing green fluorescent protein were injected subcutaneously into the posterior sides of the auricle, forelimb and hindlimb of knockout swine. Indigo carmine dye was injected subcutaneously 8 weeks after tumour cell transplantation. SLNs were extracted, observed using a stereoscopic fluorescence microscope and analysed histologically using haematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry. Lymphoid follicles were found in wild-type swine, and a few aggregated lymphocytes and immature lymphoid follicles were observed in knockout swine. Fluorescence in the lymph nodes indicated metastasis of tumour cells to the lymph nodes. Tumour cells replaced lymph node architectures, showed high-grade nuclear atypia and formed irregular tumour nests. Our model may be useful for the preclinical validation of diagnostic methods and minimally invasive treatment of metastatic cancer.
Metabolic Characteristics of a Novel Ultrasound Quantitative Diagnostic Index for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Liao Yin-Yin , Yeh Chih-Kuang , Huang Kuo-Chin , Tsui Po-Hsiang , Yang Kuen-Cheh
Published: May 2019

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging epidemic worldwide and is regarded as a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Only a few studies have discussed the biological features associated with quantitative assessment of ultrasound for characterizing NAFLD. Our aim was to delineate relevant metabolic characteristics using a new quantitative tool, the ultrasound quantitative diagnostic index (QDI). A total of 394 ultrasound data were analyzed to extract texture-feature parameters, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the slope of the center frequency downshift (CFDS) for determining the QDI. The texture index, SNR, and CFDS slope were all negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein and positively correlated with other anthropometric indices and metabolic factors (all P < 0.05). The SNR had the greatest contribution to anthropometric and biochemical factors, followed by the texture index and CFDS slope. An increase in 1 unit of QDI score engendered a 9% higher risk of MetS, reflecting that the tool is feasible for use in identifying MetS (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.89). The QDI was correlated with metabolic factors and an independent predictor for MetS. Thus, this QDI might be a feasible method for use in clinical surveillance, epidemiology research, and metabolic function evaluations in patients with NAFLD.
SERS-based sandwich bioassay protocol of miRNA-21 using Au@Ag core–shell nanoparticles and a Ag/TiO2 nanowires substrate
Authors: Peng Le , Zhou Jun , Liang Zhaoheng , Zhang Yaping , Petti Lucia , Jiang Tao , Gu Chenjie , Yang Danting , Mormile Pasqule
Published: May 2019

Based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology, Au@Ag@4MBA@5′-NH2-ssDNA probes and a Ag/TiO2@3′-NH2-ssDNA substrate were prepared and constructed into a sandwich structure to develop a high sensitivity bioassay of miRNA-21.
A ruthenium porphyrin-based porous organic polymer for the hydrosilylative reduction of CO2 to formate
Authors: Eder Grace M. , Pyles David A. , Wolfson Eric R. , McGrier Psaras L.
Published: May 2019

A ruthenium-based porous organic polymer is constructed and used to reduce CO2 to potassium formate.
Microgel-stabilized liquid crystal emulsions enable an analyte-induced ordering transition
Authors: Dan Abhijit , Agnihotri Priyanshi , Brugnoni Monia , Siemes Eric , Wöll Dominik , Crassous Jérôme J. , Richtering Walter
Published: May 2019

Microgels enable reversible stabilization of liquid crystal (LC) emulsions in ways that facilitate analysis of LC droplets that undergo an analyte-triggered conformational transition.
An indicator displacement assay recognizes enantiomers of chiral carboxylates
Authors: Sheykhi Sara , Mosca Lorenzo , Durgala Johnathon M. , Anzenbacher Pavel
Published: May 2019

Analyte chirality induces changes in fluorescence.
Universal and label-free photosensitization colorimetric assays enabled by target-induced termini transformation of dsDNA resistant to Exo III digestion
Authors: Li Xianming , Gao Lu , Li Feng , Hou Xiandeng , Wu Peng
Published: May 2019

A label-free and universal colorimetric assay was developed via the combination of CHA, Exo III digestion, and photosensitization colorimetry.
Silver oxide mediated novel SET oxidative cyclization: stereoselective synthesis of 3-azabicyclo[n.1.0]alkanes
Authors: Veeranna Kirana Devarahosahalli , Das Kanak Kanti , Baskaran Sundarababu
Published: May 2019

Stereoselective synthesis of 3-azabicyclo[n.1.0]alkane by silver oxide catalyzed SET oxidative cyclization.
Chemical vapor deposition of titanium nitride thin films: kinetics and experiments
Authors: Su Juan , Boichot Raphaël , Blanquet Elisabeth , Mercier Frédéric , Pons Michel
Published: May 2019

Titanium nitride (TiN) films were grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) from titanium chlorides, ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen (H2) on single crystal c-plane sapphire, WC–Co, stainless steel and amorphous graphite substrates. The preferred orientation and color of TiN layer are studied by combining a simplified kinetic model with experiments.
The structural basis for Ras activation of PI3Kα lipid kinase
Authors: Zhang Mingzhen , Jang Hyunbum , Nussinov Ruth
Published: May 2019

The structure of the KRas4B–PI3Kα–RBD complex is featured by antiparallel β-sheets and PI3Kα–RBD interaction with the Switch I region of KRas4B.
Solvation structure of lanthanide(iii) bistriflimide salts in acetonitrile solution: a molecular dynamics simulation and EXAFS investigation
Authors: Migliorati Valentina , Filipponi Adriano , Sessa Francesco , Lapi Andrea , Serva Alessandra , D'Angelo Paola
Published: May 2019

Lanthanide3+ions in acetonitrile solutions of bistriflimide salts form 10-fold coordination complexes composed of both solvent molecules and counterions
A heuristic approach for nanodrops on a smooth solid surface
Authors: Berim Gersh O. , Ruckenstein Eli
Published: May 2019

The simple equation for the contact angle of a nanodrop on a solid surface is found in a heuristic way.
Late-stage functionalization of BN-heterocycles
Authors: McConnell Cameron R. , Liu Shih-Yuan
Published: May 2019

Late-stage functionalization techniques allow synthetic chemists to decorate an assembled BN-heterocycle for a variety of applications!
Chirality transfer between hexaazamacrocycles in heterodinuclear rare earth complexes
Authors: Starynowicz Przemysław , Lisowski Jerzy
Published: May 2019

Within heterodinuclear Ln(iii) complexes, the chirality of the diaminocyclohexane fragment dictates the helicity of the chiral hexaazamacrocycle which is in turn transferred into the helicity of the achiral hexaazamacrocyle.
Photocytotoxic Pt(iv) complexes as prospective anticancer agents
Authors: Canil Giovanni , Braccini Simona , Marzo Tiziano , Marchetti Lorella , Pratesi Alessandro , Biver Tarita , Funaioli Tiziana , Chiellini Federica , Hoeschele James D. , Gabbiani Chiara
Published: May 2019

Two novel photoactive Pt(iv)-prodrugs, based on the π-conjugated ligand 4′-phenyl-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine give rise to Pt(ii) complexes with cytotoxic activity, after photoreduction.
Crystal structure and stacking faults in the layered honeycomb, delafossite-type materials Ag3LiIr2O6and Ag3LiRu2O6
Authors: Bette Sebastian , Takayama Tomohiro , Duppel Viola , Poulain Agnieszka , Takagi Hidenori , Dinnebier Robert E.
Published: May 2019

The crystal structures and the degree of faulting were investigated in the heavily stacking faulted delafossite-type materials Ag3LiIr2O6and Ag3LiIr2O6.
Ultrafast flow chemistry for the acid-catalyzed conversion of fructose
Authors: Desir Pierre , Saha Basudeb , Vlachos Dionisios G.
Published: May 2019

Microreactors enable the highest yields of HMF at ultrashort reaction times to increase HMF productivity by 10- to 1000-fold.
The selective hydrogenation of furfural over intermetallic compounds with outstanding catalytic performance
Authors: Yang Yusen , Chen Lifang , Chen Yudi , Liu Wei , Feng Haisong , Wang Bin , Zhang Xin , Wei Min
Published: May 2019

An intermetallic compound (Ni3Sn2) was prepared from a hydrotalcite precursor, which exhibited outstanding hydrogenation selectivity from furfural to furfuryl alcohol.
Coupling of the liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge (LS-APGD) ionization source with a commercial triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer
Authors: Williams Tyler J. , Marcus R. Kenneth
Published: May 2019

Use of a standard triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer allows for fundamental studies of diverse ion species produced in the LS-APGD microplasma.
Coupling of an atmospheric pressure microplasma ionization source with an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid 1M mass analyzer for ultra-high resolution isotopic analysis of uranium
Authors: Hoegg Edward D. , Godin Simon , Szpunar Joanna , Lobinski Ryszard , Koppenaal David W. , Marcus R. Kenneth
Published: May 2019

Ultra-high resolution is achieved in the LS-APGD/Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid 1M coupling, with no sacrifice in sensitivity or precision.
Non-aqueous continuous-flow electrophoresis (NACFE): potential separation complement for continuous-flow organic synthesis
Authors: Ivanov Nikita A. , Liu Yimo , Kochmann Sven , Krylov Sergey N.
Published: May 2019

We introduce non-aqueous continuous-flow electrophoresis (NACFE) in which organic electrolyte and solvent are utilized to maintain steady-state continuous-flow separation of multiple hydrophobic organic compounds into individual molecular streams.
Effect of magnetic dipolar interactions and size dispersity on the origin of steady state magnetomechanical response in bidisperse Mn–Zn ferrite spherical particle based magnetorheological fluids
Authors: Anupama A. V. , Kumaran V. , Sahoo B.
Published: May 2019

A mechanism for the excellent magneto-mechanical behaviour of bi-disperse spherical soft-ferrimagnetic Mn0.7Zn0.3Fe2O4particle based magnetorheological fluids.
Understanding the stability of polypeptide membranes in ionic liquids: a theoretical molecular dynamics study
Authors: Alves Eyber Domingos , Oliveira Leonardo Bruno Assis , Colherinhas Guilherme
Published: May 2019

Stability analysis of polypeptide membranes in ionic liquids can make possible new applications of these membranes in energy storage and ionic solution separation.
Design of a simple and efficient synthesis for bioactive novel pyrazolyl–isoxazoline hybrids
Authors: Sankar Balakrishnan , Harikrishnan Muniyasamy , Raja Ranganathan , Sadhasivam Velu , Malini Nelson , Murugesan Sepperumal , Siva Ayyanar
Published: May 2019

A simple and new methodology has been developed for the synthesis of novel bioactive pyrazolyl–isoxazoline hybrids using pyrazoline-substituted oxime. Among the hybrid materials, 6m and 6p were found to show the best anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities.