bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dashboards for Real-time Monitoring of Winter Operations Activities and After-action Assessment
Authors: Desai Jairaj , Mathew Jijo K. , Kim Woosung , Liu Mingmin , Li Howell , Brooks Jeffrey D. , Bullock Darcy M.
Published: October 2020

The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) operates a fleet of nearly 1100 snowplows and spends up to $60M annually on snow removal and de-icing as part of their winter operation maintenance activities. Systematically allocating resources and optimizing material application rates can potentially save revenue that can be reallocated for other roadway maintenance operations. Modern snowplows are beginning to be equipped with a variety of Mobile Road Weather Information Sensors (MARWIS) which can provide a host of analytical data characterizing on-the-ground conditions during periods of wintry precipitation. Traffic speeds fused with road conditions and precipitation data from weather stations provide a uniquely detailed look at the progression of a winter event and the performance of the fleet. This research uses a combination of traffic speeds, MARWIS and North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) data to develop real-time dashboards characterizing the impact of precipitation and pavement surface temperature on mobility. Twenty heavy snow events were identified for the state of Indiana from November 2018 through April 2019. Two particular instances, that impacted 182 miles and 231 miles of interstate at their peaks occurred in January and March, respectively, and were used as a case study for this paper. The dashboards proposed in this paper may prove to be particularly useful for agencies in tracking fleet activity through a winter storm, helping in resource allocation and scheduling and forecasting resource needs.
Revisitando a experiência dos Programas Profissionais da área Ciências da Religião e Teologia/CAPES no Brasil
Authors: Senra Flávio , Ribeiro Claudio de Oliveira , Sampaio Dilaine Soares
Published: October 2020

A pesquisa foi desenvolvida considerando-se o debate sobre a especificidade da Pós-Graduação Profissional no âmbito da área Ciências da Religião e Teologia, da Capes (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior), órgão que no Ministério da Educação brasileiro acompanha e avalia o Sistema Nacional de Pós-Graduação (SNPG). O objetivo principal das análises feitas foi construir um panorama de questões em torno do trabalho realizado pelos cursos de mestrados profissionais, incluindo os resultados por eles alcançados, somado a um elenco de aspectos que têm sido identificados como desafiadores para o aprofundamento e aprimoramento dessas práticas bem como as perspectivas que se abrem para essa modalidade de Pós-Graduação no Brasil. Metodologicamente, agrupamos a análise dos dados em dois momentos. O primeiro apresenta, em síntese, um histórico da Pós-Graduação Profissional na área Ciências da Religião e Teologia, com destaque para o conjunto de motivações e objetivos que levaram o Ministério da Educação e a CAPES a implementarem a modalidade de Programas Profissionais no país. Em especial, a reflexão se concentra na visão de uma prática profissional centrada em procedimentos e processos aplicados, visando a solução de problemas que emergem da realidade social. O segundo momento destaca (i) aspectos conceituais sobre a importância da pesquisa aplicada, em especial a tarefa de decolonização a ser desenvolvida no meio acadêmico, (ii) a contribuição das áreas e subáreas da Árvore do Conhecimento, especialmente a “Ciência da Religião Aplicada” e a “Teologia Prática”, (iii) o valor da produção técnica e a especificidade dos Trabalhos de Conclusão de Curso (TCC) para a Pós-Graduação Profissional, (iv) as potencialidades e limites da estrutura modular para o oferecimento dos créditos curriculares e (v) o perfil do egresso nesta modalidade.
Legal and politological aspects of competition in Bosnia and Herzegovina as a paradigm of the European integration process
Authors: Imamović-Čizmić Kanita , Sabljica Samir
Published: October 2020

As a country in transition and development, committed to the path towards membership in the European Union, Bosnia and Herzegovina encounters many challenges and obstacles in terms of fulfilling the tasks set before it. Quite complicated governmental and legal arrangement determines the pace of achieving the tasks that are prerequisites for the European Union membership status. By signing the Stabilisation and Association Agreement, Bosnia and Herzegovina assumed the obligation to gradually harmonise the national legislation with the EU legislation in the most important areas related to the internal market. In this context, one of highly important ones is the area of competition law. This paper analyses the quality of solutions provided by the normative and institutional framework of the market competition protection in Bosnia and Herzegovina by using the normative, historical, comparative, and content analysis methods. Basic features of the Stabilisation and Association Agreement between Bosnia and Herzegovina and the EU are presented through a chronological summary of the integration process of BiH into the EU. The primary hypothesis of the paper is that recent legal solutions in the area of competition do not follow the current legal standards of the competition regulations in the EU. Analytical overview of annual reports on the operation of the Council of Competition as regulatory body in Bosnia and Herzegovina shows that competition is a typical example of the ‘crawling’ integration of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the EU. It is quite obvious that the lack of political will of the ruling structures slows the integration processes down. This area requires an efficient enforcement of competition regulations whose implementation enables the companies to act in line with the law. Without adequate and prompt amending of the Law on Competition and related by-laws there can be no positive evaluation of the European Commission concerning the progress of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The shift of the policy towards FDI in European Union: determinants and challenges
Authors: Borowicz Aleksandra
Published: October 2020

Since 2016, a change in the policy on foreign direct investment (FDI) can be observed in the European Union. This change was significantly influenced by global processes, which resulted in a particular interest in direct investments carried out by transnational corporations from China, India or Russia. In particular, countries such as France, Germany and the United Kingdom, observed a significant increase in the number of mergers and acquisitions of domestic enterprises in 2010-2016. Therefore, in 2018 the process of creating a European Screening Mechanism was initiated, which entered into force in March 2019. At the same time, at the end of 2019, the outbreak of a COVID-19 virus pandemic stopped the process of further globalization by breaking global supply chains, and by restricting the flow of goods, people and capital.

Keywords: FDI, screening mechanism, European Union, globalization, COVID-19.
Abiotic Ecosystems?
Authors: Johnson Benn ,   Center for Environmental Philosophy, The University of North Texas
Published: October 2020

Arthur Tansley first defined the term ecosystem in his seminal work “Use and Abuse of Vegetational Concepts,” as an improved way of viewing the relationships between plants and their physical environments. However, his definition, while widely influential, privileges the living components over nonliving components of ecosystems, and has thus been unable to fully overcome the biocentrism of early plant ecologists. Moreover, the binary between life and nonlife is untenable, and serves only as a marker of the underlying biocentric values of a researcher. Drawing from Donna Haraway’s argument for situated knowledges, one can critically examine the biocentrism implicit in much of ecology (and conservation), and reconsider our definition of ecosystem in order to highlight our devaluation of the nonliving, and expand our normative universe.
Describiendo las metodografías: crear, aprender e investigar biográficamente desde la educación artística
Authors: Caeiro Martín
Published: October 2020

En este artículo describimos e introducimos el concepto de metodografía como complemento a la terminología existente relacionada con la educación artística, los procesos y métodos de creación y la investigación que ocurre a través de las artes y sus experiencias. Definimos el alcance de su significado usando el enfoque de un “estado del arte”, especialmente en relación a su aplicación práctica, ya que más que ser de carácter teórico es de naturaleza fenomenológica, un proceso constituido a posteriori por actos que dan cuenta tanto del logos como del pathos que ocurre cuando se enseña o aprende con el arte. El término metodografía se define desde el área de la educación artística y para el contexto académico en lo que atañe a los métodos creadores, procurando visibilizar y personalizar más aspectos del quehacer y saber artístico. La metodografía, como veremos, es de naturaleza corpórea, sensitiva y vivencial y da cuenta de algo intersubjetivo e interobjetivo. A lo largo del trabajo presentamos ejemplos gráficos y lógicos y un metodógrafo que puede servir de punto de partida para que cada docente y discente reflexionen y diseñen sus propias metodografías creadoras, articulándolas junto a sus metodologías docentes o investigadoras, siempre con la vocación de que sean funcionalmente diversas en un contexto educativo cada vez más prescriptivo y menos vivo
Entrevista a Claudia Montero por Ana M. Vernia
Authors: Vernia Carrasco Ana M
Published: October 2020

Nace en Buenos Aires y reside en València desde 2002. Compositora y docente en el Conservatorios USperior de Música “Salvador Seguí” de Caste- llón (España)
Ganadora de cuatro Latin Grammy Awards en 2014, por su Concierto para violín y orquesta de cuerdas, Mejor obra Clásica Contemporánea, en 2016 por su Cuarteto para Buenos Aires en la misma categoría, y en 2018 Mejor Obra Clási- ca Contemporánea por Luces y Sombras y Mejor Álbum de Música Clásica por Mágica y Misteriosa.
Ha recibido numerosos encargos de grandes Solistas. Invitada de Festivales Musicales como compositora y confe- renciante. Ha participado como jurado en certámenes y concursos. Es miem- bro de la IAWM (International Alliance Women in Music), de la Latin Recording Academy, y de la Recording Academy.
Ændringer i det redaktionelle workflow - Fra OJS 3.1 til 3.2
Authors: Frederiksen Niels Erik
Published: October 2020

Se nogle af de væsentligste ændringer i det redaktionelle workflow her.
Les élites et la religion populaire. L’éducation catholique au secondaire québécois, 1870-1920
Authors: Lecompte-Ducharme Sébastien
Published: October 2020

Cet article éclaire la contribution essentielle des matières profanes à l’éducation catholique des futures élites québécoises en revisitant le concept de religion populaire. Par l’analyse attentive du contenu catholique de 170 manuels scolaires, nous montrerons que tout l’enseignement participe à la formation d’élites catholiques modèles, pieuses et informées. Ainsi, l’école catholique du tournant du XXe siècle concilie une certaine conception de la religion populaire avec une instruction résolument élitaire. Nous soutiendrons que les effets de cette formation jouent un rôle déterminant dans la pérennisation du catholicisme durant une bonne partie des XIXe et XXe siècles.
“Who Killed Happy Valley?”
Authors: Miller Scott
Published: October 2020

While there are many ghost towns scattered across Ontario, the history of Happy Valley, located in the Sudbury area, is unique. For decades, this hamlet of about one hundred people suffered from air pollution produced by the nearby operations of Falconbridge Nickel Mines Limited (FNM). After years of pressure to do something about this situation, in the early 1970s the Ontario government facilitated the abandonment of Happy Valley in cooperation with the Regional Municipality of Sudbury and FNM. The controversial decision made headlines; it was the first instance in which the provincial government financed the relocation of an entire community because of air pollution. This article highlights how all of these factors shaped the Happy Valley affair and demonstrates how the government’s resolution was justified given the circumstances.
“A Forestry Program that Cannot be Equalled in Canada”
Authors: Kuhlberg Mark
Published: October 2020

This article presents the story of the extraordinary reforestation program that was carried out in Kapuskasing by Kimberly Clark after the Second World War. Most historians have argued that the forest industry was only interested in profits and paid little attention to forest management. Kimberley Clark, however, carried out this project for a number of reasons, including its enlightened corporate culture and, most importantly, because it had secured tenure to its timber. The article highlights how foreign firms are not necessarily a danger to Ontario’s forests and underscores those factors that could potentially play a crucial role in tackling the environmental issues we face today.
Legal regulation of digital services taxation in the European countries
Authors: Eremkin Mikhail Aleksandrovich
Published: October 2020

The relevance of this research is defined by the fact that in modern realities, the economic activity is carried mostly by means of digital technologies, which requires amendment of legal regulation of the economy overall and tax relations in particular. The subject of this research is the normative documents of separate European countries (Austria, Hungary, Greece, Italy, and France) adopted in recent years and aimed at regulation of taxation of the digital international groups of companies. The goal of this work consists in determination of legal framework for implementation of digital services tax in certain Western European countries, as well as in identification of the problems caused thereof. Practical significance and scientific value of this work lies in the detailed description and systematization of the normative legal acts of the European countries that established the digital services tax on a unilateral basis, which made the information on promulgated laws within the framework of reforms in the European tax system more accessible for the Russian researchers. Based on the analysis of theoretical sources, the author outlines the legal problems and consequences of implementation of the new tax. The conclusion is made that digital services tax requires further theoretical substantiation and more detailed elaboration for overcoming legal uncertainty and compliance with the international legal framework.
Philosophy of economics of the Ancient Greece
Authors: Avakyan-Forer Armina Genrikhovna
Published: October 2020

This article examines the philosophy of economic of the Ancient Greece. Philosophical thought of the classics of ancient philosophy raises value and moral-ethnical questions in economic sphere and seeks the ways for their solution. The subject of this research is the stance on economic goods of the ancient society. The goal consists in description of the economic ideas of Xenophon, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Modern philosophical studies do not give due attention to the philosophy of economics, which is not fair, since the discipline “Philosophy of Economics” is aimed primarily at clarification of the essence of philosophical problems of economics, substantiation of the need for scientific cognition of economic relations and the underlying socioeconomic laws. The novelty lies in carrying out a referential overview of philosophical concepts that reflect economic ideas in Ancient Greek philosophy of the classical period. The prerequisites of economic ideas within the system of philosophical knowledge reveal and substantiate two these: inseparability of economic knowledge from ethics and politics, and the regards household management as an art. Economic teachings can be found in works of many Ancient Eastern, Ancient Greek and Ancient Roman philosophers; however, the textbooks do not usually include the ancient economic thought into the general course. The author believes that the fundamentals of economics established namely in this era, and this fact cannot be wiped out of history. The philosophical understanding of worldview and scientific fundamentals, knowledge of economics and economic system as a whole, including everything related to the economy, its place in natural world, society and human culture is very important and should be studied in universities.
Feelings reported by adolescents after food ingestion: a comparative study
Authors: Rodrigues Naíza Carvalho , Santos Marize Melo dos , Paz Suzana Maria Rebêlo Sampaio da , Paiva Adriana de Azevedo , Nogueira Thaís Rodrigues , Freitas Betânia de Jesus e Silva de Almendra , Carvalho Cecília Maria Resende Gonçalves de
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Food is closely linked with emotions in a complex relationship. The imaginary and symbolic meaning attributed to food has been little studied and the act of eating needs to be better understood. Objective: To analyze the association of adolescents´ feelings to selected foods. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 995 adolescents from public and private schools in Teresina, PI, Brazil. It was a Supplementary Project to the Brazilian national survey ERICA (Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes). Adolescents had to choose one of the following feelings to selected food: well-being/satisfaction, malaise, no feeling, aversion. For the option aversion, the participant had to indicate if it was related to smell, color, appearance, or taste. Adolescents´ feelings to foods were analyzed by type of school, sex, and age range, using Pearson's chi-square (c²) or Fisher's exact tests. Results: There was significant differences regarding the type of school for the feeling to chocolate (p=0.015); vegetables (p=0.003); leafy greens (p=0.005); healthy sandwich/natural fruit juice (p≤0.001); high fat red meat (p=0.046); fruit/natural fruit juice (p≤0.001). For sex, there was significant difrerences for healthy sandwich/natural fruit juice (p=0.001); beans and rice (p=0.021) and high fat red meat (p=0.005). There was significant differences between age groups for sandwich, chips, soda and ice cream (p=0.018); pasta (p=0.047) and high fat red meat (p=0.021). Well-being predominated in almost all foods and aversion was poorly reported. Conclusion: The results suggest that adolescents' feelings are not directed to specific foods.
A influência da composição corporal na capacidade motora de ingressantes do curso de Educação Física
Authors: Silva César Milagres da , Barros Thiago da Costa , Silva Siomara Aparecida da
Published: October 2020

Introdução: A entrada na universidade é um marco na mudança de comportamento dos jovens. As mudanças que ocorrem na fase da formação inicial são determinantes para uma vida adulta saudável. Mundialmente, os altos índices de obesidade e os baixos níveis de atividade física são preocupantes, estes que associam com a coordenação, que é preditora de continuidade da prática motora. Objetivo: Analisar a influência da composição corporal na capacidade motora de ingressantes nos cursos de Educação Física. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 137 universitários (21,8±3,6 anos), de ambos os sexos. A composição corporal (índice de massa corporal, percentual de gordura, relação cintura/quadril), coordenação motora sem e com bola (KTK, TECOBOL-curto), e testes de aptidão física (PROESP-br) foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, teste t-student e Correlação de Pearson, adotando-se p≤0,05. Resultados: Comparações entre os sexos revelaram diferenças significativas (p≤0,05) nos testes físicos e motores, exceto nos testes de sentar e alcançar e trave de equilíbrio.  Houve correlações significativas entre a composição corporal, os testes físicos e motores. O percentual de gordura apresentou correlação com os testes de aptidão cardiorrespiratória (r=-0,769; p≤0,001), força de membros inferiores (r=-0,710; p≤0,001), força de membros superiores (r=-0,604; p≤0,001), velocidade (r=0,672; p≤0,001) e drible do TECOBOL (r=0,502; p≤0,001). Conclusão: Os resultados indicam que as capacidades motoras estão relacionadas com os indicadores da composição corporal em jovens ingressantes no curso de Educação Física.
Letter to the editor by Bortolo Martini regarding the article: The numerous denominations of the Brugada syndrome and proposal about how to put an end to an old controversy - a historical-critical perspective
Authors: Martini Bortolo
Published: October 2020

After the publication of article “The numerous denominations of the Brugada syndrome and proposal about how to put an end to an old controversy - a historical-critical perspective”, we recently received a commented letter from Mr. Bortolo Martini, which we present below: Item quae sunt Caésaris Caésari et quae sunt Dei Deo. (Matthew 22:21 Jesus said “So give back to Caesar what is Caesar’s, and to God what is God’s). A word of fairness please!
Performance profile of reading and metalinguistic skills in students with dyslexia, learning difficulties and learning disorders
Authors: Santos Bianca dos , Capellini Simone Aparecida
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The reading process involves several cognitive skills, such as metalinguistic skills and memory. These processes lead the student to understand the ideas of a text for the creation of mental models, based on the context and your point of view.
Objective: To analyze the performance of metalinguistic and reading skills in students with dyslexia, learning difficulties, and learning disorders.
Methods: This is an observational and cross-sectional study. The group comprised 80 students from the 3rd to the 5th year of elementary, both gender, aged between eight and ten years and 11 months. The sample, distributed in four groups as follows: Group I composed of 20 students with an interdisciplinary diagnosis of dyslexia, Group II make up of 20 students with a multidisciplinary diagnosis of learning disorders, Group III by 20 students with learning difficulties and Group IV comprised 20 students with excellent academic performance. Every student, individually, underwent the application of the Metalinguistic and Reading Skills Tests Protocol.
Results: The Groups I and II had more errors than Group III and IV. Group III showed a higher number of mistakes than Group IV. Scores were obtained from the metalinguistic tests, word reading and pseudowords, and repetition of no -monosyllable and polysyllable words.
Conclusion: Students with dyslexia and learning disorders had a higher number of mistakes in syllabic and phonemic tests, reading words, and pseudowords than students with learning difficulties and excellent academic performance.
Aspectos subjetivos da imagem corporal em mulheres com fibromialgia
Authors: Peres Rodrigo Sanches , Costa Sofia de Freitas , Santos Manoel Antônio dos
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Body image refers to the figuration of the body in the mind, has a strong experiential component, and is permeated by subjective aspects.
Objective: To analyze the subjective aspects of body image in women with fibromyalgia.
Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study. Participants were 16 women with a confirmed diagnosis for at least six months. The instrument used was the Human Figure Drawing (HFD), a projective technique for the exclusive useof psychologists, following the procedures established in the specialized literature. The examination of the material was carried out independently by two expert evaluators, who usedmeaning attribution criteria established in classic publications in psychological evaluation.
 
Results: The following indicators in the participants’ drawings were highlighted: medium thickness and continuous line, small size, location in the fourth quadrant, presence of reinforcements and representations of joints, figures with static body posture, and simplified facial features. These indicators were interpreted as signs suggestive of passivity, insecurity, inhibition, feeling of inferiority, conflicts regarding difficulties in contact, propensity to take refuge in fantasy, idealization, regression, and attempts at omnipotent control, psychic rigidity, and devitalization. Therefore, the body image of the participants seemed to bedetermined by mental representations that include the body, but are not restricted to their biological dimensions or the physical limitations resulting from the symptomatic manifestations offibromyalgia.
Conclusion: The participants’ body image had an inherently negative value since it was subjectively shaped by internalized and unconscious unfavorable concepts about themselves.
Motor learning through a non-immersive virtual task in people with limb-girdle muscular dystrophies
Authors: Prumes Marcelo , Silva Talita Dias da , Alberissi Camila Aparecida de Oliveira , Capellini Camila Miliani , Menezes Lilian Del Ciello de , Rocha João Batista Francalino da , Favero Francis Meire , Monteiro Carlos Bandeira de Mello
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) are neuromuscular and genetic disorders that progress with weakness and damage of the proximal muscles, developing with loss of functionality. Virtual reality environments are suggested as an effective alternative for performance of daily life activities. However, there is no evidence in the literature on the use of virtual reality in this population.
Objective: Assess motor performance through a motor learning protocol in a coincident timing task.
Methods: 10 participants with LGMD and 10 healthy individuals were selected and included in the study to perform a non-immersive virtual reality task divided into three phases: acquisition (20 attempts), retention (5 attempts), and transfer (5 attempts, with speed increase).
Results: It is observed that the accuracy of movement improves from the beginning to the end of the acquisition (p = 0.01); however, there is a marginal difference between the groups in block A1 (p = 0.089). Regarding the variability of touches, observed by the variable error, both groups improved performance in all phases.
Conclusion: Even with lower performance than the control group at the beginning of the practice, individuals with LGMD showed the potential to optimize motor function during the practice of a non-immersive virtual reality activity and were able to match their performance with the control group after a few attempts.
Effect of contrast dose on diagnostic performance in DCE‐MR breast imaging
Authors: Le Thuy‐My Thi , McDonald Elizabeth S. , Isaac Gamaliel , Rosen Mark A. , Dougherty Lawrence
Published: October 2020

Objective

To assess the diagnostic performance of breast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging as a function of gadolinium contrast dose using a retrospective reader study.

Material and Methods

IRB approval was obtained prior to the start of this study and was HIPAA compliant. One‐hundred and fifty MR breast examinations were included that were acquired between January 2001 and December 2006. Seventy‐five patients received contrast doses (gadopentetate dimeglumine) by weight of 0.10 mmol/kg and 75 patients were imaged using fixed volumes of 20 ml. The images were assessed by two radiologists with performance calculated for each reader as well as a combined assessment. Dose response was measured by comparing performance between cases binned by dose: <=0.10; >0.10; and >0.13 mmol/kg. Statistical significance was calculated using a one‐sided Z‐test for differences in proportions with interobserver agreement calculated using Cohen's kappa statistics.

Results

In the combined reader assessment with equivocal lesions classified as negative, sensitivity rose from 66% (19/29) to 92% (24/26, P < 0.01) and 95% (18/19, P < 0.01) with the specificity also increasing from 65% (32/49) to 87% (40/46, P < 0.01) and 86% (32/37, P = 0.01) corresponding to doses <=0.10, >0.10, >0.13 mmol/kg. With equivocal lesions classified as positive, sensitivity rose from 79% (23/29) to 92% (24/26, P < 0.10) and 95% (18/19, P < 0.10) Specificity also increased from 53% (26/49) to 72% (33/46, P < 0.05) and 70% (26/37, P = 0.05) with increasing dose. Interobserver agreement also improved at the higher doses.
All‐Inorganic CsPbI3 Quantum Dot Solar Cells with Efficiency over 16% by Defect Control
Authors: Zhang Linlin , Kang Cuiting , Zhang Guizhi , Pan Zhenxiao , Huang Zhaoshuai , Xu Shuaihang , Rao Huashang , Liu Hongbin , Wu Shengfan , Wu Xin , Li Xiaosong , Zhu Zonglong , Zhong Xinhua , Jen Alex K.‐Y.
Published: October 2020

All‐inorganic CsPbI3 quantum dots (QDs) have shown great potential in photovoltaic applications. However, their performance has been limited by defects and phase stability. Herein, an anion/cation synergy strategy to improve the structural stability of CsPbI3 QDs and reduce the pivotal iodine vacancy (VI) defect states is proposed. The Zn‐doped CsPbI3 (Zn:CsPbI3) QDs have been successfully synthesized employing ZnI2 as the dopant to provide Zn2+ and extra I−. Theoretical calculations and experimental results demonstrate that the Zn:CsPbI3 QDs show better thermodynamic stability and higher photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) compared to the pristine CsPbI3 QDs. The doping of Zn in CsPbI3 QDs increases the formation energy and Goldschmidt tolerance factor, thereby improving the thermodynamic stability. The additional I− helps to reduce the VI defects during the synthesis of CsPbI3 QDs, resulting in the higher PLQY. More importantly, the synergistic effect of Zn2+ and I− in CsPbI3 QDs can prevent the iodine loss during the fabrication of CsPbI3 QD film, inhibiting the formation of new VI defect states in the construction of solar cells. Consequently, the anion/cation synergy strategy affords the CsPbI3 quantum dot solar cells (QDSC) a power conversion efficiency over 16%, which is among the best efficiencies for perovskite QDSCs.
Activating Macrophage‐Mediated Cancer Immunotherapy by Genetically Edited Nanoparticles
Authors: Rao Lang , Zhao Shu‐Kun , Wen Churan , Tian Rui , Lin Lisen , Cai Bo , Sun Yue , Kang Fei , Yang Zhen , He Liangcan , Mu Jing , Meng Qian‐Fang , Yao Guangyu , Xie Ni , Chen Xiaoyuan
Published: October 2020

Immunomodulation of macrophages against cancer has emerged as an encouraging therapeutic strategy. However, there exist two major challenges in effectively activating macrophages for antitumor immunotherapy. First, ligation of signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) on macrophages to CD47, a “don't eat me” signal on cancer cells, prevents macrophage phagocytosis of cancer cells. Second, colony stimulating factors, secreted by cancer cells, polarize tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) to a tumorigenic M2 phenotype. Here, it is reported that genetically engineered cell‐membrane‐coated magnetic nanoparticles (gCM‐MNs) can disable both mechanisms. The gCM shell genetically overexpressing SIRPα variants with remarkable affinity efficiently blocks the CD47‐SIRPα pathway while the MN core promotes M2 TAM repolarization, synergistically triggering potent macrophage immune responses. Moreover, the gCM shell protects the MNs from immune clearance; and in turn, the MN core delivers the gCMs into tumor tissues under magnetic navigation, effectively promoting their systemic circulation and tumor accumulation. In melanoma and breast cancer models, it is shown that gCM‐MNs significantly prolong overall mouse survival by controlling both local tumor growth and distant tumor metastasis. The combination of cell‐membrane‐coating nanotechnology and genetic editing technique offers a safe and robust strategy in activating the body's immune responses for cancer immunotherapy.
Methylphosphonium Tin Bromide: A 3D Perovskite Molecular Ferroelectric Semiconductor
Authors: Zhang Han‐Yue , Chen Xiao‐Gang , Zhang Zhi‐Xu , Song Xian‐Jiang , Zhang Tie , Pan Qiang , Zhang Yi , Xiong Ren‐Gen
Published: October 2020

3D ABX3 organic–inorganic halide perovskite (OIHP) semiconductors like [CH3NH3]PbI3 have received great attention because of their various properties for wide applications. However, although a number of low‐dimensional lead‐based OIHP ferroelectric semiconductors have been documented, obtaining 3D ABX3 OIHP ferroelectric semiconductors is challenging. Herein, an A‐site cation [CH3PH3]+ (methylphosphonium, MP) is employed to successfully obtain a lead‐free 3D ABX3 OIHP ferroelectric semiconductor MPSnBr3, which shows clear above‐room‐temperature ferroelectricity and a direct bandgap of 2.62 eV. It is emphasized that MPSnBr3 is a multiaxial molecular ferroelectric with the number of ferroelectric polar axes being as many as 12, which is far more than those of the other OIHP ferroelectric semiconductors and even the classical inorganic perovskite ferroelectric semiconductors BiFeO3 (4 polar axes) and BaTiO3 (3 polar axes). MPSnBr3 is the first MP‐based 3D ABX3 OIHP ferroelectric semiconductor. This finding throws light on the exploration of other excellent 3D ABX3 OIHP ferroelectric semiconductors with great application prospects.
Hydrated MgxV5O12 Cathode with Improved Mg2+ Storage Performance
Authors: Zhu Yunpei , Huang Gang , Yin Jun , Lei Yongjiu , Emwas Abdul‐Hamid , Yu Xiang , Mohammed Omar F. , Alshareef Husam N.
Published: October 2020

Mg‐ion batteries (MIBs) possess promising advantages over monovalent Li‐ion battery technology. However, one of the myriad obstacles in realizing highly efficient MIBs is a limited selection of cathode materials that can enable reversible, stable Mg2+ intercalation at a high operating voltage. Here, a scalable method is showcased to synthesize a hydrated MgxV5O12 cathode, which shows a high capacity of ≈160 mAh g−1 with a high voltage of 2.1 V, a decent rate capability, and an outstanding cycling life (e.g., 81% capacity retention after 10 000 cycles). The combination of in situ and ex situ characterizations and first‐principles calculations provides evidence of reversible, facile topochemical Mg2+ intercalation into the expanded 2D channels of the hydrated MgxV5O12 cathode, which results from the synergistic effects of Mg2+ pillars and structural H2O. The findings underscore the advantage of the rich but controllable chemistry of vanadium oxide bronzes in achieving practical multivalent cation mobility.
Self‐Assembled Single‐Site Nanozyme for Tumor‐Specific Amplified Cascade Enzymatic Therapy
Authors: Wang Dongdong , Wu Huihui , Wang Changlai , Gu Long , Chen Hongzhong , Jana Deblin , Feng Lili , Liu Jiawei , Wang Xueying , Xu Pengping , Guo Zhen , Chen Qianwang , Zhao Yanli
Published: October 2020

Nanomaterials with enzyme‐mimicking activity (nanozymes) show potential for therapeutic interventions. However, it remains a formidable challenge to selectively kill tumor cells through enzymatic reactions, while leaving normal cells unharmed. Herein, we present a new strategy based on a single‐site cascade enzymatic reaction for tumor‐specific therapy that avoids off‐target toxicity to normal tissues. A copper hexacyanoferrate (Cu‐HCF) nanozyme with active single‐site copper exhibited cascade enzymatic activity within the tumor microenvironment: Tumor‐specific glutathione oxidase activity by the Cu‐HCF single‐site nanozymes (SSNEs) led to the depletion of intracellular glutathione and the conversion of single‐site CuII species into CuI for subsequent amplified peroxidase activity through a Fenton‐type Harber–Weiss reaction. In this way, abundant highly toxic hydroxyl radicals were generated for tumor cell apoptosis. The results show that SSNEs could amplify the tumor‐killing efficacy of reactive oxygen species and suppress tumor growth in vivo.
Regio‐ and Enantioselective (3+3) Cycloaddition of Nitrones with 2‐Indolylmethanols Enabled by Cooperative Organocatalysis
Authors: Li Tian‐Zhen , Liu Si‐Jia , Sun Yu‐Wen , Deng Shuang , Tan Wei , Jiao Yinchun , Zhang Yu‐Chen , Shi Feng
Published: October 2020

The regio‐ and enantioselective (3+3) cycloaddition of nitrones with 2‐indolylmethanols was accomplished by the cooperative catalysis of hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and chiral phosphoric acid (CPA). Using this approach, a series of indole‐fused six‐membered heterocycles were synthesized in high yields (up to 98 %), with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 96 % ee) and exclusive regiospecificity. This approach enabled not only the first organocatalytic asymmetric (3+3) cycloaddition of nitrones but also the first C3‐nucleophilic asymmetric (3+3) cycloaddition of 2‐indolylmethanols. More importantly, theoretical calculations elucidated the role of the cocatalyst HFIP in helping CPA control the reactivity and enantioselectivity of the reaction, demonstrating a new mode of cooperative catalysis.
Acquiring High‐TC Layered Metal Halide Ferroelectrics via Cage‐Confined Ethylamine Rotators
Authors: Peng Yu , Bie Jie , Liu Xitao , Li Lina , Chen Shuang , Fa Wei , Wang Sasa , Sun Zhihua , Luo Junhua
Published: October 2020

Two‐dimensional (2D) organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHP) ferroelectrics have attracted widespread interest in the field of optoelectronics due to the combination of excellent semiconducting and ferroelectric properties. The Curie temperature (TC), below which ferroelectricity exists, is a crucial parameter for ferroelectrics. However, the lack of research on TC tuning of 2D OIHP ferroelectrics hinders their further progress. Here, through incorporating ethylammonium (EA) as cage‐confined rotators, we obtained two 2D OIHP ferroelectrics, (IBA)2(EA)Pb2Br7 (2L; IBA=isobutylammonium), and (IBA)2(EA)2Pb3Br10 (3L). Intriguingly, TC is successfully tuned from 326 K (2L) to 370 K (3L) with increasing layer thickness. Structural and computational analyses suggest that the improvement of TC is due to the higher phase‐transition energy barrier triggered by the cage‐confined EA rotators with increased layer thickness. This work suggests that EA is an effective “cage‐confined rotator” to rationally design high‐TC 2D OIHP ferroelectrics.
How Oxygen Binding Enhances Long‐Range Electron Transfer: Lessons From Reduction of Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases by Cellobiose Dehydrogenase
Authors: Wang Zhanfeng , Feng Shishi , Rovira Carme , Wang Binju
Published: October 2020

Long‐range electron transfer (ET) in metalloenzymes is a general and fundamental process governing O2 activation and reduction. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are key enzymes for the oxidative cleavage of insoluble polysaccharides, but their reduction mechanism by cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH), one of the most commonly used enzymatic electron donors, via long‐range ET is still an enigma. Using multiscale simulations, we reveal that interprotein ET between CDH and LPMO is mediated by the heme propionates of CDH and solvent waters. We also show that oxygen binding to the copper center of LPMO is coupled with the long‐range interprotein ET. This process, which is spin‐regulated and enhanced by the presence of O2, directly leads to LPMO−CuII−O2−, bypassing the formation of the generally assumed LPMO−CuI species. The uncovered ET mechanism rationalizes experimental observations and might have far‐reaching implications for LPMO catalysis as well as the O2‐ or CO‐binding‐enhanced long‐range ET processes in other metalloenzymes.
Single‐Step Sulfur Insertions into Iron Carbide Carbonyl Clusters: Unlocking the Synthetic Door to FeMoco Analogues
Authors: Joseph Chris , Cobb Caitlyn R. , Rose Michael J.
Published: October 2020

The one‐step syntheses, X‐ray structures, and spectroscopic characterization of synthetic iron clusters, bearing either inorganic sulfides or thiolate with interstitial carbide motifs, are reported. Treatment of iron carbide carbonyl clusters [Fen(μn‐C)(CO)m]x (n=5,6; m=15,16; x=0,−2) with electrophilic sulfur sources (S2Cl2, S8) results in the formation of several μ4‐S dimers of clusters, and moreover, iron‐sulfide‐(sulfocarbide) clusters. The core sulfocarbide unit {C−S}4− serves as a structural model for a proposed intermediate in the radical S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine biogenesis of the M‐cluster. Furthermore, the electrophilic sulfur strategy has been extended to provide the first ever thiolato‐iron‐carbide complex: an analogous reaction with toluylsulfenyl chloride affords the cluster [Fe5(μ5‐C)(SC7H7)(CO)13]−. The strategy described herein provides a breakthrough towards developing syntheses of biomimetic iron‐sulfur‐carbide clusters like FeMoco.
Direct Self‐Assembly of MXene on Zn Anodes for Dendrite‐Free Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Nannan , Huang Shuo , Yuan Zishun , Zhu Jiacai , Zhao Zifang , Niu Zhiqiang
Published: October 2020

Metallic zinc is a promising anode candidate of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries owing to its high theoretical capacity and low redox potential. However, Zn anodes usually suffer from dendrite and side reactions, which will degrade their cycle stability and reversibility. Herein, we developed an in situ spontaneously reducing/assembling strategy to assemble a ultrathin and uniform MXene layer on the surface of Zn anodes. The MXene layer endows the Zn anode with a lower Zn nucleation energy barrier and a more uniformly distributed electric field through the favorable charge redistribution effect in comparison with pure Zn. Therefore, MXene‐integrated Zn anode exhibits obviously low voltage hysteresis and excellent cycling stability with dendrite‐free behaviors, ensuring the high capacity retention and low polarization potential in zinc‐ion batteries.
Biomimetic Recognition and Optical Sensing of Carboxylic Acids in Water by Using a Buried Salt Bridge and the Hydrophobic Effect
Authors: Huang Xuan , Wang Xiaoping , Quan Mao , Yao Huan , Ke Hua , Jiang Wei
Published: October 2020

Buried salt bridges widely exist in protein structures but are rarely used in synthetic systems for molecular recognition in water. By mimicking the binding pocket of bioreceptors, we designed and synthesized a pair of endo‐functionalized macrocyclic hosts with secondary ammonium groups in a hydrophobic cavity. We found that these macrocycles are able to selectively recognize carboxylic acids in water through salt bridges and the hydrophobic effect. Moreover, it was demonstrated that these macrocyclic receptors can be used in circular‐dichroism‐based optical chirality sensing of chiral carboxylic acids and fluorescent sensing of phenylpyruvic acid—a biomarker for phenylketonuria. This research showcases that buried salt bridges can be effectively used by endo‐functionalized macrocyclic hosts for molecular recognition in water, where solvent screening on polar noncovalent interactions is high.
Going Platinum to the Tune of a Remarkable Guanine Quadruplex Binder: Solution‐ and Solid‐State Investigations.
Authors: Miron Caitlin E. , van Staalduinen Laura , Rangaswamy Alana M. , Chen Mickey , Liang Yushi , Jia Zongchao , Mergny Jean‐Louis , Petitjean Anne
Published: October 2020

Guanine quadruplex recognition has gained increasing attention, inspired by the growing awareness of the key roles played by these non‐canonical nucleic acid architectures in cellular regulatory processes. We report here the solution and solid‐state studies of a novel planar platinum(II) complex that is easily assembled from a simple ligand, and exhibits notable binding affinity for guanine quadruplex structures, while maintaining good selectivity for guanine quadruplex over duplex structures. A crystal structure of this ligand complexed with a telomeric quadruplex confirms double end‐capping, with dimerization at the 5′ interface.
Multi‐Mode Color‐Tunable Long Persistent Luminescence in Single‐Component Coordination Polymers
Authors: Wang Zheng , Zhu Cheng‐Yi , Mo Jun‐Ting , Xu Xian‐Yan , Ruan Jia , Pan Mei , Su Cheng‐Yong
Published: October 2020

Materials with tunable long persistent luminescence (LPL) properties have wide applications in security signs, anti‐counterfeiting, data encrypting, and other fields. However, the majority of reported tunable LPL materials are pure organic molecules or polymers. Herein, a series of metal‐organic coordination polymers displaying color‐tunable LPL were synthesized by the self‐assembly of HTzPTpy ligand with different cadmium halides (X=Cl, Br, and I). In the solid state, their LPL emission colors can be tuned by the time‐evolution, as well as excitation and temperature variation, realizing multi‐mode dynamic color tuning from green to yellow or green to red, and are the first such examples in single‐component coordination polymer materials. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and theoretical calculations reveal that the modification of LPL is due to the balanced action from single molecule and aggregate triplet excited states caused by an external heavy‐atom effect. The results show that the rational introduction of different halide anions into coordination polymers can realize multi‐color LPL.
The Origin of Selective Adsorption of CO2 on Merlinoite Zeolites
Authors: Choi Hyun June , Jo Donghui , Min Jung Gi , Hong Suk Bong
Published: October 2020

The CO2 adsorption behavior at 25–75 °C and 0–1.0 bar of various alkali cation‐exchanged forms of merlinoite (framework type MER) zeolites with Si/Al=2.3 and 3.8 is described. The adsorption isotherms at 25 °C on the Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+ forms of MER zeolite with Si/Al=2.3 are characterized by a clear step, the CO2 pressure of which differs notably according to the type of their extraframework cations. Structural analysis shows that CO2 adsorption on the former three zeolites includes the relocation of gating cations with high site occupancy and the remarkable concomitant structural breathing. We define this unusual adsorption phenomenon as a cooperative cation gating‐breathing mechanism. The overall results suggest that the actual mechanism of selective CO2 adsorption on intermediate‐silica small‐pore zeolites can change from cation gating to cooperative cation gating‐breathing to breathing, depending on a combination of their topological and compositional flexibilities.
Sub‐3 nm Ultrafine Cu2O for Visible Light Driven Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Zhao Yunxuan , Shi Run , Zhou Chao , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Wang Zhuan , Weng Yuxiang , Zhang Tierui
Published: October 2020

Cu2O, a low‐cost, visible light responsive semiconductor photocatalyst represents an ideal candidate for visible light driven photocatalytic reduction of N2to NH3from the viewpoint of thermodynamics, but it remains unexplored. Reported here is the successful synthesis of uniformly sized and ultrafine Cu2O platelets, with a lateral size of <3 nm, by the in situ topotactic reduction of a CuII‐containing layered double hydroxide with ascorbic acid. The supported ultrafine Cu2O offered excellent performance and stability for the visible light driven photocatalytic reduction of N2to NH3(the Cu2O‐mass‐normalized rate as high as 4.10 mmol g−1 h−1atλ>400 nm), with the origin of the high activity being long‐lived photoexcited electrons in trap states, an abundance of exposed active sites, and the underlying support structure. This work guides the future design of ultrafine catalysts for NH3synthesis and other applications.
A Tubular DNA Nanodevice as a siRNA/Chemo‐Drug Co‐delivery Vehicle for Combined Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wang Zhaoran , Song Linlin , Liu Qing , Tian Run , Shang Yingxu , Liu Fengsong , Liu Shaoli , Zhao Shuai , Han Zihong , Sun Jiashu , Jiang Qiao , Ding Baoquan
Published: October 2020

Using the DNA origami technique, we constructed a DNA nanodevice functionalized with small interfering RNA (siRNA) within its inner cavity and the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX), intercalated in the DNA duplexes. The incorporation of disulfide bonds allows the triggered mechanical opening and release of siRNA in response to intracellular glutathione (GSH) in tumors to knockdown genes key to cancer progression. Combining RNA interference and chemotherapy, the nanodevice induced potent cytotoxicity and tumor growth inhibition, without observable systematic toxicity. Given its autonomous behavior, exceptional designability, potent antitumor activity and marked biocompatibility, this DNA nanodevice represents a promising strategy for precise drug design for cancer therapy.