bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conflit basque et altérations de l’État de droit : de l’usage de la torture dans l’Espagne démocratique
Authors: Garbay-Douziech Aurélie
Published: August 2017

Le conflit basque est un conflit dont on parle peu en dehors de son périmètre géographique, en dépit d’une mobilisation aujourd’hui internationale pour le faire évoluer vers une résolution. Né d’une opposition à la répression d’une dictature violente, mais perdurant alors que le régime espagnol s’est transformé en une démocratie parlementaire, le conflit basque révèle un paradoxe préoccupant. Ainsi qu’en témoignent notamment plusieurs condamnations prononcées par la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme (CEDH) pour méconnaissance de l’interdiction de la torture, droit absolument indérogeable quelles que soient les circonstances et reconnu à ce titre comme partie intégrante du « noyau dur » des droits de l’homme, l’appareil mis en place en Espagne face au terrorisme basque semble empreint de dysfonctionnements tels que, loin d’en assurer la protection, il semble au contraire porter fondamentalement atteinte à l’État de droit.
Du gangsta rap au hip-hop conscient : subversions et alternatives critiques en réponse aux mythes américains
Authors: Lessard Guillaume
Published: August 2017

L’émergence du gangsta rap américain au tournant des années 1990 a stimulé des débats d’envergure nationale sur la question de la liberté d’expression. Bien que le hip-hop ait émergé victorieux de cette guerre culturelle, il semble que grâce à un procédé de marginalisation des discours jugés subversifs, le récit national américain soit demeuré largement inchangé face aux attaques du gangsta rap. Toutefois, avec l’émergence du hip-hop conscient, de nouveaux récits critiques contribuent à nuancer les mythes nationaux américains de l’intérieur et offrent des conceptions alternatives de l’identité américaine au travers de la culture hip-hop.
Modelling the drivers of the spread of Plasmodium falciparum hrp2 gene deletions in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Watson Oliver J , Slater Hannah C , Verity Robert , Parr Jonathan B , Mwandagalirwa Melchior K , Tshefu Antoinette , Meshnick Steven R , Ghani Azra C
Published: August 2017

Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have transformed malaria diagnosis. The most prevalent P. falciparum RDTs detect histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2). However, pfhrp2 gene deletions yielding false-negative RDTs, first reported in South America in 2010, have been confirmed in Africa and Asia. We developed a mathematical model to explore the potential for RDT-led diagnosis to drive selection of pfhrp2-deleted parasites. Low malaria prevalence and high frequencies of people seeking treatment resulted in the greatest selection pressure. Calibrating our model against confirmed pfhrp2-deletions in the Democratic Republic of Congo, we estimate a starting frequency of 6% pfhrp2-deletion prior to RDT introduction. Furthermore, the patterns observed necessitate a degree of selection driven by the introduction of PfHRP2-based RDT-guided treatment. Combining this with parasite prevalence and treatment coverage estimates, we map the model-predicted spread of pfhrp2-deletion, and identify the geographic regions in which surveillance for pfhrp2-deletion should be prioritised.
Impairments in laterodorsal tegmentum to VTA projections underlie glucocorticoid-triggered reward deficits
Authors: Coimbra Bárbara , Soares-Cunha Carina , Borges Sónia , Vasconcelos Nivaldo AP , Sousa Nuno , Rodrigues Ana João
Published: August 2017

Ventral tegmental area (VTA) activity is critical for reward/reinforcement and is tightly modulated by the laterodorsal tegmentum (LDT). In utero exposure to glucocorticoids (iuGC) triggers prominent motivation deficits but nothing is known about the impact of this exposure in the LDT-VTA circuit. We show that iuGC-rats have long-lasting changes in cholinergic markers in the LDT, together with a decrease in LDT basal neuronal activity. Interestingly, upon LDT stimulation, iuGC animals present a decrease in the magnitude of excitation and an increase in VTA inhibition, as a result of a shift in the type of cells that respond to the stimulus. In agreement with LDT-VTA dysfunction, we show that iuGC animals present motivational deficits that are rescued by selective optogenetic activation of this pathway. Importantly, we also show that LDT-VTA optogenetic stimulation is reinforcing, and that iuGC animals are more susceptible to the reinforcing properties of LDT-VTA stimulation.
Medial thalamic stroke and its impact on familiarity and recollection
Authors: Danet Lola , Pariente Jérémie , Eustache Pierre , Raposo Nicolas , Sibon Igor , Albucher Jean-François , Bonneville Fabrice , Péran Patrice , Barbeau Emmanuel J
Published: August 2017

Models of recognition memory have postulated that the mammillo-thalamic tract (MTT)/anterior thalamic nucleus (AN) complex would be critical for recollection while the Mediodorsal nucleus (MD) of the thalamus would support familiarity and indirectly also be involved in recollection (Aggleton et al., 2011). 12 patients with left thalamic stroke underwent a neuropsychological assessment, three verbal recognition memory tasks assessing familiarity and recollection each using different procedures and a high-resolution structural MRI. Patients showed poor recollection on all three tasks. In contrast, familiarity was spared in each task. No patient had significant AN lesions. Critically, a subset of 5 patients had lesions of the MD without lesions of the MTT. They also showed impaired recollection but preserved familiarity. Recollection is therefore impaired following MD damage, but familiarity is not. This suggests that models of familiarity, which assign a critical role to the MD, should be reappraised.
Morphometric characteristics and quality of Artemia sp. cysts (Crustacea: Anostraca), living in sulphated waters in Coahuila, Mexico
Authors: Castro T , Castro G , Castro J , Malpica A , De-Lara R
Published: August 2017

The present work deals with a new population of Artemia in the Mexican Republic, located in an ecosystem of athalassohaline waters, rich in sulphate, magnesium and sodium ions. The zone of Cuatro Ciénegas in the state of Coahuila has been widely studied; however, studies on the populations of Artemia in this zone are scarce. Artemia cysts were collected from the rustic reservoirs of the Casa Blanca saltworks. The studies of the biometry of cysts, nauplii and adults and the hatch quality of the cysts were carried out under laboratory conditions. The results obtained were compared with data of other populations of interior waters and with the population of San Francisco Bay, California, USA, that has been used as referente of the Artemia franciscana species. The cysts of Cuatro Cienegas are the smallest of the varieties of Artemia of interior waters in Mexico described to date. The measurements of the hydrated cysts (230.8 ± 20.54 µm), the decapsulated cysts (221.0 ± 33.56 µm) and the nauplii (479.71 ± 54.54 µm) show that they belong in the range established for the A. franciscana species (237 ± 14.60 µm; 212.1 ± 11.30 µm and 431 ± 23.7 µm, respectively). The size of the adults of the Coahuila population is small; the females are larger than the males (6.94 ± 1.19 mm and 6.35 ± 0.47 mm) and, though these sizes are bigger than the ones established for the A. franciscana species (10.25 ± 0.89 mm and 7.08 ± 0.37 mm), one must consider that the environment influences the size of the adults. The biological information presented here may be of help in the use of this resource in the nourishment of cultivated aquatic species.
Soft-bottom decapod and stomatopod crustaceans of the continental shelf off Jalisco and Colima, Mexico
Authors: Landa-Jaime V , Arciniega-Flores J , García-Queveo-Machain R , Michel-Morfin JE , González-Sansón G
Published: August 2017

A systematic list of decapod and stomatopod crustaceans of the soft bottoms of the continental shelf off Jalisco and Colima, Mexico, is presented. The specimens were obtained as part of an integral study on the biodiversity and fisheries potential of the marine resources of the eastern tropical Pacific region. Eighty-four shrimp trawls were done at seven localities, with four stations within each locality, at 20, 40, 60 and 80 m depth. The sampling schedule was reapeated three times during one annual cycle (from May 1995 to March 1996) in order to include seasonal changes of the fauna. A total of 60 species is 13.7% of the total reported for the region between Banderas Bay and Guatemala (457 species). Some zoogeographic and biodiversity aspects are discussed that confirm previous results for the region. The extension of geographic ranges for two species is reported.
The use of multivariate analysis to link sediment contamination and toxicity data to establish sediment quality guidelines an example in the Gulf of Cadiz (Spain)
Authors: Del-Valls TA , Forja JM , Gomez-Parra A
Published: August 2017

To evaluate marine sediment quality in the Gulf of Cádiz, chemical concentration and toxicity test endpoints from sediments were linked using multivariate analysis. Sediment samples were collected synoptically at seven stations in two littoral ecosystems of the Gulf of Cádiz (five in the Bay of Cádiz and two in the salt marsh of the Barbate River), and subjected to six separate, replicated sediment toxicity tests and comprehensive sediment chemistry analyses. The toxic effects of sediments were tested using three operational sediment phases: whole sediment, using the estuarine amphipod Microdeutopus gyllotalpa (10 d static: survival) and the estuarine clam Ruditapes philippinarum (48 h static: reburial); sediment elutriates, using larvae of the estuarine bivalve Crassostrea ungulatu (48 h static: survival) and of the marine fish Sparus aurata (48 h static: survival); and interstitial water, using populations of the estuarine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis (7 d static: population decline) and of the marine bacteria Photobacterium phosphoreum (Microtox@). To evaluate the levels of contamination, the concentrations in the sediments of organic carbon, 14 trace metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ag, Hg, As, Sn, V, Ni, Co and Cr) and the surfactant linear alkylbenzenesulphonate (LAS) were measured. The results of the toxicity tests were compared in a dose-response relationship between sites, demonstrating a general agreement between the toxicity values determined by all the tests, except in the case of interstitial water toxicity (principally due to toxic mixtures of trace metals). Data derived from sediment chemistry and bioassays were assembled by multivariate statistical techniques (PCA and factor analysis), showing that the two data types could be represented by only five factors corresponding to five overlapping chemical-biological effect relations. Positive prevalence of these factors in the cases studied was used to establish those ranges in chemical concentrations associated with adverse effects. The sediment quality guidelines, in terms of concentrations at or below which biological effects have been shown to be minimal (mg kg–1 dry sediment), are: Hg, 0.25; Ag, 0.78; Pb, 66.80; Cr, 101.2; LAS, 2.6.
Decomposition of Salicornia subterminalis in Caimanero Lagoon, Mexico
Authors: Rodríguez-Medina M , Lanza-Espino G , Hernández-Pulido S
Published: August 2017

Together with other halophytes, Salicornia subterminalis is one of the most important sources of organic matter and nutrients in the Huizache-Caimanero lagoon system. This study evaluates (1) the proximal chemical composition, which provided the following results: 27.1% C, 2.95% N and 0.15% P, corresponding to an atomic ratio of C455:N43:P1, and (2) the decomposition process of this halophyte, by which 60% of the nitrogen was leached in the first three days, 39.6% of the phosphorus was leached in 24 h and 46.8% after three days, and the rest remained as particulate matter. The C:N and C:P ratios increased from 10.7 and 49.4 to 455 and 1531, respectively, and after 17 days decreased to 38.4 and 952, respectively, as a result of ionic immobilization.
Morphological description of the first zoeal stage of the tropical xanthid crab Punopeus purpureus Lockington, 1877 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Xanthidae)
Authors: Martin JW , Rodríguez A , Zimmerman TL
Published: August 2017

The first zoeal stage of the tropical xanthid crab Panopeus purpureus Lockington is described based on larvae from an ovigerous female collected from mangroves on the Pacific coast of Panama. The report is the first description of larvae of any Pacific member of this common and ecologically important genus Morphological features are similar to those of previously described larvae of Panopeus from the Atlantic, with some exceptions noted.
The bull shark, Carcharhinus feucus (Valenciennes, 1841), from the Usumacinta River, Tabasco, Mexico, with notes on its serum composition and osmolarity
Authors: Sosa-Nishizaki O , Taniuch T , Ishihara H , Shimizu M
Published: August 2017

Five specimens of the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas, were collected from a freshwater lagoon (2–3 ppt) and the Usumacinta River in Tabasco, Mexico, in May 1993. The serum osmoregulatory status of two individuals was analyzed: a mature 14-year-old male (2180 mm total length, the largest bull shark reported in fresh water) and a neonate (786 mm total length). Blood serum ionic concentrations of sodium chloride and calcium were reduced and compared with the seawater and marine forms. Urea serum contents were significantly lower than those reported for other bull sharks living in marine and freshwater environments, but much higher that those obtained for true freshwater elasmobranchs, such as potamotrygonid stingrays (Potamotrygoninae). Osmolarity was approximately 70% that of seawater. This osmoregulatory status suggested that the large bull shark analyzed had a longer time of residence in fresh water than other specimens reported in the literature.
Soft-bottom benthic macromollusks of the continental shelf off Jalisco and Colima, Mexico
Authors: Landa-Jaime V , Arciniega-Flores J
Published: August 2017

Mollusks collected from soft bottoms of the continental shelf off Jalisco and Colima were analyzed. Three cruises were made during one year (1995-1996) on board the ship BIP-V. The samples were taken during half-hour trawls, in seven different localities at four different depths (20, 40, 60, 80 m). A checklist is presented that contains 92 species of mollusks, belonging to 3 classes (Gastropoda, Bivalvia and Cephalopoda) and 37 families. Five new records are obtained for Nassarius guaymasensis, Latirus mediamericanus, Chicoreus (Phyllonotus) peratus, Hexaplex nigritus and Polymesoda (Egeta) inflata, which are range extensions.
Remittances, political economy of
Authors: Grabel Ilene
Published: August 2017

Remittances are the international financial flows that arise from cross‐border movements of people. More specifically, remittances refer to the funds that migrant workers send home, generally to their families, but sometimes also sent collectively through hometown associations to fund infrastructure projects in their towns of origin.
Advanced Photonic Processes for Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Sygletou Maria , Petridis Constantinos , Kymakis Emmanuel , Stratakis Emmanuel
Published: August 2017

Solar‐energy harvesting through photovoltaic (PV) conversion is the most promising technology for long‐term renewable energy production. At the same time, significant progress has been made in the development of energy‐storage (ES) systems, which are essential components within the cycle of energy generation, transmission, and usage. Toward commercial applications, the enhancement of the performance and competitiveness of PV and ES systems requires the adoption of precise, but simple and low‐cost manufacturing solutions, compatible with large‐scale and high‐throughput production lines. Photonic processes enable cost‐efficient, noncontact, highly precise, and selective engineering of materials via photothermal, photochemical, or photophysical routes. Laser‐based processes, in particular, provide access to a plethora of processing parameters that can be tuned with a remarkably high degree of precision to enable innovative processing routes that cannot be attained by conventional approaches. The focus here is on the application of advanced light‐driven approaches for the fabrication, as well as the synthesis, of materials and components relevant to PV and ES systems. Besides presenting recent advances on recent achievements, the existing limitations are outlined and future possibilities and emerging prospects discussed.
Twist‐Elasticity‐Controlled Crystal Emission in Highly Luminescent Polymorphs of Cyano‐Substituted Distyrylbenzene (βDCS)
Authors: Shi Junqing , Yoon Seong‐Jun , Viani Lucas , Park Soo Young , Milián‐Medina Begoña , Gierschner Johannes
Published: August 2017

The occurrence of polymorphs in crystals of luminescent π‐conjugated organic materials is an intriguing matter, particularly because polymorphs can give rise to widely different broadband and amplified emission properties. Here, a new, highly luminescent polymorph of cyano‐substituted distyrylbenzene, being a prominent example of “twist elasticity”—the ability of a molecule to react to external constraints with substantial changes in the torsional coordinates, is investigated. The twist elasticity concept is fully explored here through molecular modeling by comparison of the new polymorph with two known ones exhibiting largely different intra‐ and intermolecular coordinates. In a second step, the impact of intra‐ and intermolecular contributions on the spontaneous and stimulated emission properties observed in the crystals is rationalized, being in all a crucial step in targeted design of optoelectronic materials.
Tunable Fluorescence Properties Due to Carbon Incorporation in Zinc Oxide Nanowires
Authors: Lim Kim Yong , Linghu Jiajun , Chi Xiao , Yuan Kaidi , Hew Kai Ming , Zheng Minrui , Yang Ming , Tok Eng Soon , Rusydi Andrivo , Yu Xiaojiang , Chen Wei , Feng Yuan Ping , Sow Chorng Haur
Published: August 2017

It is shown experimentally that carbon incorporation into zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires (NWs) plays a crucial role in determining the NWs' fluorescence and photoluminescence properties. Through intentional adjustment of chemical vapor deposition growth parameters to allow for carbon incorporation, the ZnO NWs' fluorescence under ultraviolet excitation can be varied controllably from green to orange‐red. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy correlate carbon incorporation to a systematic shifting of ZnO NWs' fluorescence toward higher wavelengths. This is consistent with a previous theoretical prediction of orange‐red fluorescence arising from a carbon‐related defect within ZnO. In the present work, further computational results from simulation of high carbon content within the ZnO lattice yield additional carbon‐related defect species as possible origins of orange‐red fluorescence. Furthermore, the extent of simulated band gap energies can help explain the broad visible fluorescence spectrum from carbon incorporated ZnO. Additional experiments involving plasma etching and oxygen annealing agree with the inferences of carbon‐related defects as a source of variable visible‐light emissions.
Metal‐Free Nitration of the C(sp3)−H Bonds of 2‐Oxindoles through Radical Coupling Reaction at Room Temperature
Authors: Wei Wen‐Ting , Zhu Wen‐Ming , Ying Wei‐Wei , Wang Yi‐Ning , Bao Wen‐Hui , Gao Le‐Han , Luo Yun‐Jie , Liang Hongze
Published: August 2017

A metal‐free nitration of the C(sp3)−H bonds of 2‐oxindoles with t‐BuONO through radical coupling reaction at room temperature has been developed. Using t‐BuONO both as a nitrating reagent and as an oxidant, to couple with the C(sp3)−H bonds of 2‐oxindoles, thus forming a new C−N bond without using any other reagents. This reaction provides a green and straightforward approach to some useful 3‐nitro‐2‐oxindoles in moderate to good yields.

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Dynamic versus static inefficiency assessment of the Polish meat‐processing industry in the aftermath of the European Union integration and financial crisis
Authors: Kapelko Magdalena
Published: August 2017

This paper assesses the dynamic inefficiency of the Polish meat‐processing industry during the period between 2004 and 2012. This study employs also a comparison of dynamic with static inefficiency measures to address the importance of accounting for adjustment costs when measuring a firm's inefficiency. Dynamic and static cost inefficiencies and their decomposition into technical, allocative, and scale inefficiency are derived using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Results show that firms’ low levels of dynamic cost inefficiency are mainly due to dynamic allocative inefficiency rather than technical and scale inefficiency. The 2008 financial crisis appears to hamper firms’ dynamic technical performance, but has also a positive influence on the dynamic allocative and scale inefficiencies. We further show that the average static measures tend to underestimate all inefficiency components compared to dynamic counterparts. [EconLit citations: C61, D61, L66].
On facilitated computation of mesoscopic behavior of reaction‐diffusion systems
Authors: Tran Vu , Ramkrishna Doraiswami
Published: August 2017

Various cellular and subcellular biological systems occur in the conditions where both reactions and diffusion take place. Since the concentration of species varies spatially, application of reaction‐diffusion master equation has served as an effective method to handle these complicated systems; yet solving these equation incurs a large CPU time penalty. Counter to the traditional technique of generating many sample paths, this article introduces a method which combines Grima's effective rate equation approach (Grima, J Chem Phys. 2010;133:3) with a linear operator formalism for diffusion to capture averaged species behaviors. The formulation also shows correct results at various choices of compartment sizes, which have been found to be an important factor that can affect accuracy of the final predictions (Erban, Chapman, Phys Biol. 2009;6:4). It is shown that the method presented allows the computation of the mesoscopic average of reaction‐diffusion systems at considerably accelerated rates (exceeding a thousand fold) over those based on sample path averages. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 5258–5266, 2017
Sonographic findings in acute puerperal endometritis: The hypoechoic rim sign and endomyometrial junction indistinctness
Authors: Gillies Rohana , Ashley Linda , Bergin Colleen
Published: August 2017

Purpose

To evaluate the accuracy of the sonographic subserosal hypoechoic rim sign and endomyometrial junctional indistinctness in identifying patients with acute endometritis during the puerperal period.

Methods

Radiologic coding identified the ultrasound scans of all patients presenting to Auckland City Hospital between January 2014 and February 2016 who were diagnosed clinically as having acute endometritis during the post‐partum or post‐abortion period. After exclusion criteria were applied, the ultrasound scans of 31 patients with acute endometritis and 32 healthy controls were randomised and anonymised. Images were reviewed retrospectively by two independent reviewers to identify the presence of these signs.

Results

The average sensitivity and specificity for readers identifying the subserosal hypoechoic rim sign in patients with acute endometritis were 71% and 92%, respectively. Interobserver reliability was good with an average kappa score of 0.63. Average sensitivity and specificity for endomyometrial junctional indistinctness were 79% and 72%, respectively, with good interobserver correlation (average kappa score 0.65). When both signs were either present or absent together, average sensitivity improved to 80.5% and average specificity was 91.7%.

Conclusion

We describe two new sonographic signs for puerperal endomyometritis that could improve the utility of ultrasound in the accurate and timely diagnosis of this condition.
An Asymmetric Pathway to Dendrobine by a Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Cascade Process
Authors: Lee Yujin , Rochette Elise M. , Kim Junyong , Chen David Y.‐K.
Published: August 2017

An asymmetric pathway to the caged tetracyclic pyrrolidine alkaloid, dendrobine, is reported. The successful synthetic strategy features a one‐pot, sequential palladium‐catalyzed enyne cycloisomerization and rhodium‐catalyzed diene‐assisted pyrrolidine formation by allylic CH activation. The developed transition‐metal‐catalyzed cascade process permits rapid access to the dendrobine core structure and circumvents the handling of labile intermediates. An intramolecular aldol condensation under carefully defined reaction conditions takes place with a concomitant detosylation, followed by reductive amine methylation, to afford a late‐stage intermediate (previously identified by several prior dendrobine syntheses) in only 10 synthetic steps overall.
Natural development of dermal ectopic bone in the american alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) resembles heterotopic ossification disorders in humans
Authors: Dubansky Brooke H. , Dubansky Benjamin D.
Published: August 2017

Heterotopic ossification (HO) occurs when soft tissues are inappropriately converted to bony tissue. Several human diseases result in HO with few reliable treatment options. Animal models that naturally produce dermal ectopic bone (i.e., osteoderms), such as crocodilians, have never been utilized as models for studying these disorders in humans. Here, a histological evaluation and staging criteria for osteoderm development is described for the first time in the American alligator (Alligator mississipiensis). Differential staining and immunohistochemistry of alligator scales depict a progressive change during development, where woven bone forms from the differentiated dermis. Bone formation proceeds via intramembranous ossification, which is initiated in part by endothelial cell precursors that undergo endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition and eventually acquire an osteoblast phenotype. As such, the development of osteoderms in the American alligator bears morphological and mechanistic similarities to HO in humans, presenting a potential model for future study of soft tissue mineralization pathologies and providing insight into the morphological and molecular development of osteoderms in other vertebrate lineages. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 301:56–76, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Direct Adaptive Fuzzy Backstepping Control for Stochastic Nonlinear SISO Systems with Unmodeled Dynamics
Authors: Zhang Xiumei , Liu Xikui , Li Yan
Published: August 2017

This paper discusses the input‐to‐state practical stability (ISpS) problem for a class of stochastic strict‐feedback systems which possess dynamic disturbances, unstructured uncertainties and unmodeled dynamics. The uncertain terms not only depend on the measurable output, but also are related with other unmeasurable states of the system. In the backstepping design, we use fuzzy logic systems directly to approach unknown control signals rather than unknown functions. A main advantage of the direct control method is that for an nth order strict‐feedback stochastic system, only four online parameters are needed. Moreover, it is proved that the closed‐loop system is ISpS in probability by using a stochastic small‐gain approach. Two simulation examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Discovery of optical flickering from the symbiotic star EF Aquilae
Authors: Zamanov R. K. , Boeva S. , Nikolov Y. M. , Petrov B. , Bachev R. , Latev G. Y. , Popov V. A. , Stoyanov K. A. , Bode M. F. , Martí J. , Tomov T. , Antonova A.
Published: August 2017

We report optical charge‐coupled device (CCD) photometry of the recently identified symbiotic star EF Aquilae (EF Aql). Our observations in the Johnson V and B bands clearly show the presence of stochastic light variations with an amplitude of about 0.2 mag on a time scale of minutes. The observations point toward a white dwarf (WD) as the hot component in the system. It is the 11th object among more than 200 symbiotic stars known with detected optical flickering. Estimates of the mass accretion rate onto the WD and the mass loss rate in the wind of the Mira secondary star lead to the conclusion that less than 1% of the wind is captured by the WD. Eight further candidates for the detection of flickering in similar systems are suggested.
Recognize challenges of mental illness in law enforcement, support officers seeking help
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: August 2017

MILWAUKEE — When Jim Russell, deputy chief of police at Florida State University, gave a presentation on mental illness in law enforcement for an agency with 3,000 deputies, officials told him, “We have to do this [offer this presentation], but none of our deputies have these problems.”
ADHD, ODD, CD, and depression in childhood increase risk for later substance use problems
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2017

Most childhood psychiatric disorders increase the risk of developing a substance use disorder, researchers have found. In particular, attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), and depression increase this risk, according to their study. The evidence for anxiety disorders was not clear.
Keep your eye on …
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2017

The link between cannabis use and depression, suicidal ideation

The need for quality early childhood education from birth
Overexpansion of the 29 mm SAPIEN 3 transcatheter heart valve in patients with large aortic annuli (area > 683 mm2): A case series
Authors: Mathur Moses , McCabe James M. , Aldea Gabriel , Pal Jay , Don Creighton W.
Published: August 2017

Objectives

To evaluate overexpanded 29 mm SAPIEN (S3) transcatheter heart valves in patients with aortic annuli area >683 mm2.

Background

The largest valve area the 29 mm S3 is specified for is 683 mm2. Valve overexpansion has been performed in patients with larger aortic annuli, but data are limited. Moreover, feasibility in areas >740 mm2 is unknown.

Methods

All 29 mm S3 transcatheter aortic valve replacements (TAVR) at a single center over 23‐months were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with annulus areas >683 mm2 were included. Immediate post‐TAVR hemodynamics and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) findings on post‐TAVR day‐1 and day‐30 were recorded.

Results

Of 81 29 mm S3 TAVR cases, 3 (3.7%) met inclusion criteria (patients 1, 2, and 3 had CT‐scan derived areas of 748.1 mm2, 793 mm2, and 787 mm2, respectively). Annular eccentricity index ranged from 0.12 to 0.25. All underwent transfemoral TAVR with 29 mm S3 valves overexpanded using +4 mL of contrast. Post‐dilatation with +5 mL was performed in patient 2. The average valve shortening was 10.68 mm. On day 1, patients 1 and 2 had trace and mild paravalvular leak (PVL) (respectively), whereas, patient 3 had mild–moderate PVL. Patient 1 was also noted to have trace central AR on day 1. No other central AR was noted. Immediate post‐procedure aortic regurgitation (AR) index in patients 1, 2, and 3 was 43, 34, and 33 respectively. At 30 days, AR was completely resolved in patient 1, whereas AR severity in patients 2 and 3 remained similar. No patients had > moderate AR at any point during follow‐up. No valve migration or embolization occurred. Patient 1 required a permanent pacemaker. No other major complications were noted. All patients were clinically stable at 30 days.

Conclusions

TAVR using overexpanded 29 mm S3 in valve areas >740 mm2 (up to 793 mm2) seemed to be safe and feasible in our small series. Further study in a larger series is needed to determine clinical outcomes in this patient population.
Primary hypogonadism, partial alopecia, and Müllerian hypoplasia: report of a fifth family and review
Authors: Al‐Obaidi Ruqayah G. Y. , Al‐Musawi Bassam M. S.
Published: August 2017

Key Clinical Message

Primary hypogonadism combined with Müllerian hypoplasia and partial alopecia are common features of this syndrome, which was reported only in four earlier families from areas where consanguineous marriage is prevalent. An autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance was suggested earlier and is supported by this report.
Fault detection based on weighted difference principal component analysis
Authors: Guo Jinyu , Wang Xin , Li Yuan , Wang Guozhu
Published: August 2017

Recently, multivariate statistical methods, such as principal component analysis (PCA), have drawn increasing attention for fault detection applications in industrial processes. However, industrial processes typically have complex multimodal and nonlinear characteristics. In these situations, the traditional PCA method performs poorly due to its assumption that the process data are linear and unimodal. To improve fault detection performance in nonlinear and multimode industrial processes, this paper proposes a new fault detection method based on weighted difference principal component analysis (WDPCA). Weighted difference principal component analysis first eliminates the multimodal and nonlinear characteristics of the original data by using the weighted difference method. Then, PCA is applied to the preprocessed data, neglecting the influences of multimodality and nonlinearity. Two numerical examples and an industrial application in a semiconductor manufacturing process are used to verify the effectiveness of WDPCA. The simulation results demonstrate that WDPCA shows better fault detection performance than the PCA, kernel principal component analysis (KPCA), independent component analysis (ICA), k‐nearest neighbor rule (kNN), and local outlier factor (LOF) methods.
Sampling error profile analysis (SEPA) for model optimization and model evaluation in multivariate calibration
Authors: Chen Wanchao , Du Yiping , Zhang Feiyu , Zhang Ruoqiu , Ding Boyang , Chen Zengkai , Xiong Qin
Published: August 2017

A novel method called sampling error profile analysis (SEPA) based on Monte Carlo sampling and error profile analysis is proposed for outlier detection, cross validation, pretreatment method and wavelength selection, and model evaluation in multivariate calibration. With the Monte Carlo sampling in SEPA, a number of submodels are prepared and the subsequent error profile analysis yields a median and a standard deviation of the root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) for the submodels. The median coupled with the standard deviation is an estimation of the RMSE that is more predictive and robust because it uses representative submodels produced by Monte Carlo sampling, unlike the normal method, which uses only 1 model. The error profile analysis also calculates skewness and kurtosis for an auxiliary judgment of the estimated RMSE, which is useful for model optimization and model evaluation. The proposed method is evaluated with 3 near‐infrared datasets for wheat, corn, and tobacco. The results show that SEPA can diagnose outliers with more parameters, select more reasonable pretreatment method and wavelength points, and evaluate the model more accurately and precisely. Compared with the results reported in published papers, a better model could be obtained with SEPA concerning RMSECV, RMSEC, and RMSEP estimated with an independent prediction set.
Enzyme‐Assisted Metal–Organic Framework Sensing System for Diethylstilbestrol Detection
Authors: Li Wen‐Juan , Chang Lan , Liu Qiao , Ning Di , Yao Xi‐Yuan , Li Yue , Ruan Wen‐Juan
Published: August 2017

As novel fluorescent‐sensing materials, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown great potential in environmental monitoring. However, most of the researches are limited to traditional pollutants, whereas the application of MOFs to the detection of the pollutants with more complicated structures, such as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), has rarely been explored. The difficulties faced in the sensing of EDCs include their electronic stability and the structural similarity among homologues, which could be overcome by the incorporation of enzymatic reaction. In this work, the first example of enzyme‐assisted MOF‐fluorescent‐sensing was developed for the analysis of diethylstilbestrol (DES, a synthetic estrogen). In this system, DES is first oxidized by HRP/H2O2 quantitatively to its quinone form, and then the quinone product is selectively captured by a stilbene based luminescent MOF to induce fluorescence response. By the tandem sensitization and filtration of enzymatic reaction and MOF adsorption, this method shows high sensitivity (DL=89 nm) and can distinguish DES from other similar‐structured EDCs.
Revealing the Activity of π‐Acid Catalysts using a 7‐Alkynyl Cycloheptatriene
Authors: Vayer Marie , Guillot Regis , Bour Christophe , Gandon Vincent
Published: August 2017

A compound that isomerizes into distinct products depending on the particular Lewis acid or Brønsted acid catalyst used is disclosed. One product can only be obtained with the softest π‐acids, such as Au, Pt, Ga, or In complexes. Another is formed only with harder π‐acids incorporating Ag or Cu salts. The formation of the third category requires even harder π‐acids or protons. This simple benchmark reaction allows for prediction of the category of transformations that can be catalyzed by a new complex. It also informs whether protons have been unintentionally generated in the reaction mixture.
Hybridization: A Chemical Bonding Nature of Atoms
Authors: Xue Dongfeng , Sun Congting , Chen Xiaoyan
Published: August 2017

Both the bonding mode and geometry can serve as the chemical bonding nature of central cation, which is essentially determined by the atomic orbital‐hybridization. In this work, we focus on the possible chemical bonding scheme of central cations on the basis of a quantitative analysis of electron domain of an atom. Starting from the hybridization of outer atomic orbitals that are occupied by valence electrons, we studied the possible orbital hybridization scheme of atoms in the periodic table and the corresponding coordination number as well as possible molecular geometries. According to distinct hybrid orbital sets, the chemical bonding of central cations can be classified into three typical types, resulting in the cations with a variety of coordination numbers ranging from 2 to 16. Owing to different hybridization modes, the highest coordination number of cations in IA and IIA groups is larger than that in IB‐VIIIB groups, and the coordination number of lanthanide elements is most abundant. We also selected NaNO3, Fe(NO3)3•9H2O, Zn(NO3)2•6H2O, Y(NO3)3•3H2O, and La(NO3)3•6H2O as examples to confirm the direct relationship between chemical bonding characteristics and orbital hybrid set by IR spectra. The present study opens the door to reveal the chemical bonding nature of atoms on the basis of hybridization and will provide theoretical guides in structural design at an atomic level.
Universality for the Toda Algorithm to Compute the Largest Eigenvalue of a Random Matrix
Authors: Deift Percy , Trogdon Thomas
Published: August 2017

We prove universality for the fluctuations of the halting time for the Toda algorithm to compute the largest eigenvalue of real symmetric and complex Hermitian matrices. The proof relies on recent results on the statistics of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of random matrices (such as delocalization, rigidity, and edge universality) in a crucial way.© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Epiandrosterone sulfate prolongs the detectability of testosterone, 4‐androstenedione, and dihydrotestosterone misuse by means of carbon isotope ratio mass spectrometry
Authors: Piper Thomas , Putz Marlen , Schänzer Wilhelm , Pop Valentin , McLeod Malcolm D. , Uduwela Dimanthi R. , Stevenson Bradley J. , Thevis Mario
Published: August 2017

In the course of investigations into the metabolism of testosterone (T) by means of deuterated T and hydrogen isotope ratio mass spectrometry, a pronounced influence of the oral administration of T on sulfoconjugated steroid metabolites was observed. Especially in case of epiandrosterone sulfate (EPIA_S), the contribution of exogenous T to the urinary metabolite was traceable up to 8 days after a single oral dose of 40 mg of T. These findings initiated follow‐up studies on the capability of EPIA_S to extend the detection of T and T analogue misuse by carbon isotope ratio (CIR) mass spectrometry in sports drug testing.

Excretion study urine samples obtained after transdermal application of T and after oral administration of 4‐androstenedione, dihydrotestosterone, and EPIA were investigated regarding urinary concentrations and CIR. With each administered steroid, EPIA_S was significantly depleted and prolonged the detectability when compared to routinely used steroidal target compounds by a factor of 2 to 5.

In order to simplify the sample preparation procedure for sulfoconjugated compounds, enzymatic cleavage by Pseudomonas aeruginosa arylsulfatase was tested and implemented into CIR measurements for the first time. Further simplification was achieved by employing multidimensional gas chromatography to ensure the required peak purity for CIR determinations, instead of sample purification strategies using liquid chromatographic fractionation.

Taking into account these results that demonstrate the unique and broad applicability of EPIA_S for the detection of illicit administrations of T or T‐related steroids, careful consideration of how this steroid can be implemented into routine doping control analysis appears warranted. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decomposition of Fluctuating Photovoltaic Generation Power in Frequency Bands and Analysis of Chaotic Properties
Authors: TAKAHASHI AKIKO , YAMAGATA AKIHIRO , IMAI JUN , FUNABIKI SHIGEYUKI
Published: August 2017

This paper discusses chaotic properties of fluctuating photovoltaic generation (PV) power and reveals that PV power can be decomposed into a chaotic component having shorter periods and a long‐term fluctuation component. The first step is to decompose the PV power into three components containing a long‐term fluctuation component, a load frequency control (LFC) component, and an irregular fluctuation component from normalized PV power data by using periodic regression analysis. The second step is to analyze the long‐term fluctuation component and the LFC component using autocorrelation function. The third step is to clarify the chaotic properties of the LFC component using Lyapunov spectrum analysis. Finally, the simulation of predicting the LFC component and the normalized PV power data is carried out. This simulation clarifies that the LFC component has chaotic properties.
The potential role and rationale for treatment of heart failure with sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors
Authors: Butler Javed , Hamo Carine E. , Filippatos Gerasimos , Pocock Stuart J. , Bernstein Richard A. , Brueckmann Martina , Cheung Alfred K. , George Jyothis T. , Green Jennifer B. , Januzzi James L. , Kaul Sanjay , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Marx Nikolaus , McCullough Peter A. , Mehta Cyrus R. , Ponikowski Piotr , Rosenstock Julio , Sattar Naveed , Salsali Afshin , Scirica Benjamin M. , Shah Sanjiv J. , Tsutsui Hiroyuki , Verma Subodh , Wanner Christoph , Woerle Hans‐Juergan , Zannad Faiez , Anker Stefan D. ,   on behalf of the EMPEROR Trials Program
Published: August 2017

Heart failure (HF) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are both growing public health concerns contributing to major medical and economic burdens to society. T2DM increases the risk of HF, frequently occurs concomitantly with HF, and worsens the prognosis of HF. Several anti‐hyperglycaemic medications have been associated with a concern for worse HF outcomes. More recently, the results of the EMPA‐REG OUTCOME trial showed that the sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin was associated with a pronounced and precocious 38% reduction in cardiovascular mortality in subjects with T2DM and established cardiovascular disease [Correction added on 8 September 2017, after first online publication: “32%” in the previous sentence was corrected to “38%”]. These benefits were more related to a reduction in incident HF events rather than to ischaemic vascular endpoints. Several mechanisms have been put forward to explain these benefits, which also raise the possibility of using these drugs as therapies not only in the prevention of HF, but also for the treatment of patients with established HF regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes. Several large trials are currently exploring this postulate.
The Use of Resorcinarene Cavitands in Metal‐Based Catalysis
Authors: Natarajan Nallusamy , Brenner Eric , Sémeril David , Matt Dominique , Harrowfield Jack
Published: August 2017

Catalytic chemistry involving coordination complexes based on resorcinarene cavitands has been little explored in comparison to the many studies concerning the use of such ligands in classical coordination chemistry or host–guest chemistry. The potential utility of resorcinarene cavitands in catalysis arises essentially from two features: (1) their ability to function as ligands suitable for metal confinement and thus to make reactions either shape selective or to enhance their rates through supramolecular assistance by the receptor subunit; (2) their ability to enforce steric interactions with a coordinated metal center and thereby favor carbon–carbon bond forming reactions. To date, limited use has been made of cavitands as platforms for the attachment of different ligating sites, in particular for the generation of multifunctional ligands giving rise to anchimeric assistance in catalytic reactions. This review is intended to show the promise that exists in this area. As generic cavitands can be easily expanded to result in large bowl‐shaped structures as well as capsular containers, it may be anticipated that future work in this field will focus on the synthesis of sophisticated, metallated microreactors (possibly made water‐soluble) for highly selective transformations, including polymerizations.
Yttrium nitrate catalyzed synthesis, photophysical study, and TD‐DFT calculation of 2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones
Authors: Khan Abdul Ashik , Mitra Kanchan , Mandal Abhijit , Baildya Nabajyoti , Mondal Mohabul A.
Published: August 2017

We have developed an efficient method of the synthesis of 2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐one (DHQ) using yttrium nitrate catalyst at room temperature. The synthetic method is simple, convenient, and easy product isolation. Best results obtained in CH3CN, DMF, or water. The synthesized DHQ derivatives are found to be good fluorophores, and their characteristic photoluminescence properties are measured. Absorption and emission spectra of DHQ derivatives were recorded in CH3CN. Calculated emission and absorption bands are in excellent agreement with experimentally observed values.
Heat transfer modeling and simulations for electronic cooling systems embedded with phase changing materials
Authors: Indulakshmi B , Madhu G
Published: August 2017

Electronic systems used in communication devices and mission critical systems such as directed‐energy weapons and spacecraft call for requirements to dissipate high heat flux in limited spaces. This study attempts to model the heat transfer in an electronic module, dissipating heat to a coolant in a microchannel as well as to ambient by natural convection and radiation. These results have been used to compare the effectiveness of a new cooling system, embedded with phase changing materials within the heat spreaders. The heat transfer model takes care of the heat stored in the phase changing material, heat transferred by natural convection and radiation effects, in addition to the convection heat transfer in the microchannel cooling passage. Hence, the developed model can successfully take into account the effect of the variation in operating atmospheric conditions which are significant in systems employed in harsh thermal environments. Simulations have been performed for a wide range of heats and appropriate coolant flow rates are being set for a prescribed safe operating temperature of the processor. Simulations for cooling systems with phase changing materials embedded within the available heat spreader shows that it can provide stable operation of electronic systems during peak heat loads as well as in extreme ambient conditions.