bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of essential oils and vacuum packaging as a way to extend shelf life of burgers from surimi
Authors: Rashidimehr Azadeh , Fazlara Ali , Zarei Mehdi , Pourmehdi Mehdi , Noshad Mohammad
Published: October 2019

Essential oils are known to be a natural preservative due to their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate an effect of thyme and cumin essential oils (EOs) in combination with air packaging and vacuum packaging on the shelf life of burgers from surimi and chicken meat. The study was conducted at 2°C for 27 days. We tested four groups of samples: (a) burgers in air package, (b) burgers with cumin and thyme EOs in air packaging, (c) burgers in vacuum packaging, and (d) burgers with cumin and thyme EOs in vacuum packaging. The greatest effect (P < 0.001) on the chemical and microbiological characteristics of the novel burgers displayed burgers with EOs of thyme and cumin packaged under vacuum. It can be explained by synergistic effect, which made it possible to extend the shelf life of the burgers. These results allowed us to suggest that surimi could be used as a basic ingredient in burgers production.
Heavy metal content in farmed rainbow trout in relation to aquaculture area and feed pellets
Authors: Majlesi Majid , Malekzadeh Janmohammad , Berizi Enayat , Toori Mehdi Akbartabar
Published: October 2019

Fish contamination by heavy metals, even at low levels, has an adverse effect on human health. Mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) are the most common heavy metals that contaminate sea foods. Rainbow trout is a fish species which is widely cultured in fresh water regions, e.g. in Yasuj, southwest of Iran. Heavy metal contamination was measured in three different culture areas (A, B, and C), with three different feed pellets used in Yasuj farms (I, II, and III). The sampling was conducted during February-April 2018 and the metals were measured using cold vapour atomic absorption with a Perkin Elmer 4100. The mean values of Hg, Cd, and Pb levels in the muscular tissue of the samples were 0.022, 0.105, and 1.07 mg/kg, respectively. Concentrations of Hg and Cd in edible tissues of rainbow trout were lower than the permitted values set by the WHO, the FDA, and the EC. The samples fed on mixture pellets III showed a significantly higher Hg content and a lower concentration of Cd in the muscle tissue compared to those given feed mixtures I and II (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation tests revealed significant correlations between the Cd and Pb concentrations and the weight of the fish samples (r = –0.519, r = –0.580). The lowest Cd concentration (0.076 mg/kg–1) was found in site A located close to the spring and not polluted by sewage from urban or rural areas. The study showed a correlation between the concentration of heavy metals in the fish samples and their weight, the degree of pollution, and the feeding mixture used in the farms.
Dietary fibres in preventative meat products
Authors: Titov Evgeniy , Sokolov Alexander , Litvinova Elena , Kidyaev Sergey , Shishkina Daria , Baranov Boris
Published: October 2019

This paper is based on literature and our own studies of high-quality dietary fibres of various types, as well as food materials and products. It provides data on the physiological features, functional and technological properties of dietary fibre, as well as its main uses in food technology. In particular, we assessed the texture of dietary fibre, constructed rheograms for the flow of fibre-water systems, and analysed the histological structure. Our results form a scientific basis for the development of safe meat products of high quality and healthy diets. We established specific structural characteristics, properties, and rheological behaviour of various dietary fibres, as well as their advantages. We found that potato fibres demonstrated greater uniformity in texture and rheology, compared to wheat fibres. Wheat fibres had a clear phase structure (fibre/water), whereas potato fibres showed significant hydrophilic and structuring properties, attributing them to colloidal fibres. The established patterns contribute to the rational selection of dietary fibre to create products with desired properties. In particular, we developed a technology for a restructured poultry product with preventative properties using soluble and insoluble dietary fibres. The paper provides data on the product’s safety indicators, nutritional and biological values, as well as functional, technological, microbiological, and other properties. We also conducted microstructural studies to analyse the uniformity of distribution of the curing mixture in the developed meat product. We concluded that using potato and wheat fibres can expand the range of meat products in line with the concepts of rational and healthy nutrition, as well as increase the product’s succulence and prevent syneresis and mass loss.
Raw poultry meatballs with soya flour: Shelf life and nutritional value
Authors: Sholpan Amanova , Lamas Alexandre , Cepeda Alberto , Franco Carlos M.
Published: October 2019

Poultry meat is a valuable source of protein for human consumption. It plays an important role in countries with poor ungulate meat production, including the Republic of Kazakhstan. The intake of fibre by the Kazakh population also remains low, while the intake of saturated fatty acids is excessive. Therefore, it is recommended to combine meat with plant products, e.g. soya flour. In the present research, we developed and evaluated a new meatball product containing different amounts of soya flour. The meatballs proved to be a semi-finished high-protein product. They also demonstrated a good fatty acid and mineral profile. The product with 30% of soya flour showed the best results: 27% of protein, low content of saturated fatty acid, and shelf life of 48 h. To extend the shelf life of the meatballs under refrigerator conditions, new disinfection methods should be developed.
Miscanthus plants processing in fuel, energy, chemical and microbiological industries
Authors: Babich Olga , Krieger Olga , Chupakhin Evgeny , Kozlova Oksana
Published: October 2019

The increasing shortage of fossil hydrocarbon fuel dictates the need to search for and develop alternative energy sources, including plant biomass. This paper is devoted to the study of the Miscanthus plants biomass potential and the analysis of technologies of its processing into products targeted at bioenergy, chemistry, and microbiology. Miscanthus is a promising renewable raw material to replace wood raw materials for the production of chemical, fuel, energy, and microbiological industries. Miscanthus is characterised by highly productive (up to 40 tons per one hectare of dry matter) C4-photosynthesis. Dry Miscanthus contains 47.1–49.7% carbon, 5.38–5.92% hydrogen, and 41.4–44.6% oxygen. The mineral composition includes K, Cl, N and S, which influence the processes occurring during biomass combustion. The total amount of extractives per dry substance lies in the range of 0.3–2.2 % for different extraction reagents. Miscanthus has optimal properties as an energy source. Miscanthus × giganteus pellets showed the energy value of about 29 kJ/g. For the bioconversion of plants into bioethanol, it is advisable to carry out simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, thus reducing the duration of process steps and energy costs. Miscanthus cellulose is of high quality and can be used for the synthesis of new products. Further research will focus on the selection of rational parameters for processing miscanthus biomass into products with improved physical and chemical characteristics: bioethanol, pellets, industrial cellulose, bacterial cellulose, carbohydrate substrate.
Chemical composition of indigenous raw meats
Authors: Shelepov Viktor , Uglov Vladimir , Boroday Elena , Poznyakovsky Valeriy
Published: October 2019

Using non-traditional raw meats is a promising direction of the meat industry. They include venison and meat from yak, elk, red deer, rabbits, ostriches, upland game, and musk-ox. The study aimed to compare the biochemical and physicochemical parameters of the meat from reindeer, elk, and musk-ox living in the Yenisei North. We found that these meats had a high biological value. First, we studied the composition of amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals in the meat from reindeer of various sex and age groups. We found that the difference between the contents of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids and their ratio in adult and young reindeer males was in favour of young males, while these parameters did not differ in the meat from reindeer females of various age groups. Nevertheless, reindeer females had a higher content of saturated acids compared to reindeer male meat. Further, we studied the composition of amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals in Taimyr elk and musk-ox meats. According to the results, the contents of essential amino acids in Taimyr elk and musk-ox meats were 60% and 55%, respectively. In both cases, the dominant amino acids were leucine, isoleucine, lysine, and valine. The study revealed the benefits of using indigenous meats in sausage production. Finally, we showed the influence of starter cultures on the quality of dry sausages and developed formulations of venison-based sausages.
Interacciones génicas implicadas en la aparición anticipada de cáncer de mama invasor en la población “paisa” - Colombia
Authors: Martinez-Garro Juliana María , Calderón-del Valle Salvador Alberto , Duque-Giraldo Victoria Eugenia , Guzmán-González Pablo Andrés , Muñoz-Corrales Ana Cristina , Restrepo-Henao Christian , Urrea-Morales Esteban , Gallón-Villegas Luis Javier
Published: October 2019

El cáncer de mama invasor es una neoplasia de origen multifactorial en el cual están involucrados tanto componentes genéticos, como no genéticos, los cuales pueden modular su aparición temprana. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la participación de los componentes genéticos. Metodología: se analizaron 165 mujeres con cáncer de mama pertenecientes a la población “paisa” y estratificadas por edad de diagnóstico. Se evaluaron variables no genéticas y, de forma indirecta, variables genéticas usando marcadores tipo short tándem repeats (STR). Resultados: no se detectaron diferencias en cuanto a los factores de riesgo no genético entre pacientes mayores y menores de 50 años, ni al evaluar los genes de forma individual. Al comparar combinaciones genéticas se detectaron dos interacciones génicas en mujeres menores de 50 años: BRCA2-BRCA1 (p= 0,04) y BRCA2-ATM (p= 0,008). Conclusión: estos resultados sugieren la participación de la interacción de dichos genes en la aparición de cáncer de mama antes de los 50 años. Dado que el estudio se hizo con marcadores indirectos es necesario realizar estudios posteriores para identificar las mutaciones funcionales que soporten estos hallazgos.
Mecanismos de patogenicidad y respuesta inmune de la infección por Chlamydia trachomatis y su relación con cáncer cervical
Authors: Pinzón-Fernández María Virginia , Caldas-Arias Liliana , Stiven Burgos Anderson , Ibarra-Gimbuel Diana Sofía , Valencia-Mesa Cristhian
Published: October 2019

El cáncer de cuello uterino es uno de los más comunes a nivel mundial, causando más de 200 000 muertes al año. Progresivamente, se ha venido reconociendo a Chlamydia trachomatis como cofactor para el carcinoma cervical junto con el papiloma virus. El interés por esta bacteria se relaciona con su naturaleza asintomática, la persistencia de la infección, la modulación de la respuesta inmune del hospedero y la inducción de inflamación crónica y metaplasia. Objetivo: describir los mecanismos de patogenicidad y respuesta inmune de C. trachomatis como cofactor de cáncer de cuello uterino. Método: se revisó la literatura en PubMed/ Medline, Lilacs y Redalyc. Se seleccionaron los artículos que hacían referencia al tema específico. Resultados y conclusiones: C. trachomatis es un cofactor de cáncer de cuello uterino. La infección por C. trachomatis está relacionada con la persistencia dentro de la célula y su capacidad de reactivación y de reinfección, la propiedad de producir lesión tisular, la intensidad de la respuesta inmunológica, la capacidad de la bacteria para modular respuesta inmune y la complejidad de estos mecanismos que, finalmente, inducen a inflamación crónica y alteraciones citológicas. La infección por C. trachomatis confiere un mayor riesgo de desarrollar cáncer de cuello uterino. Se hace necesario el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno para evitar complicaciones que puedan relacionarse con el cáncer de cuello cervical. Es importante ampliar los estudios que evidencien los hallazgos encontrados.
Proverbs in dictionary «Divanu-l-Lugat al-Turk» by Mahmud Al-Kashgari
Authors: Mirzazade Chimnaz Khadyevna
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to one of acute problems of studying the classical cultural heritage of the East, that is the problem of proverbs. The author took as a basis bilingual (Turkish-Arabic) dictionary «Divanu-l-lugat al-Turk» of outstanding scientist-encyclopedist of the XIth century Mahmud al-Kashgari, which gains special interest in this sense. The author outlines that, up until now, proverbs from the «Divan» have been considered separately from the paremiological text and in her opinion, this approach had a significant drawback. The purpose of the research is, firstly, to analyze each paremiological text and secondly, to identify the reasons for the recurrence of some proverbs in different contexts.
Mediation in Russia: problems and prospects of its development
Authors: Danielyan Arsen Oganesovich
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to the problems and prospects of mediation procedure development. The Mediation Institute has come a long way to development until it was consolidated on a legislative basis, but still far from perfect, which hinders its effective application and its tasks, in particular: to be an alternative to the judiciary, thereby reducing the burden on courts and judges, from a large the number of cases that can be resolved using the mediation procedure. The author provides an opportunity to improve the mediation procedure by introducing amendments and additions to the legislation on mediation.
Features of the judicial practice influence on the sphere of law enforcement activity of internal affairs bodies
Authors: Nikolaeva Svetlana Sergeevna , Fortova Lubov Konstantinovna
Published: October 2019

This article analyzes the concept of law enforcement activity of internal affairs bodies, as well as its interconnection with judicial practice. Concrete examples of judicial practice that are directly relevant for the law enforcement acivity of internal affairs bodies are examined and the significance of these court decisions is assessed.
Probucol-induced hERG Channel Reduction can be Rescued by Matrine and Oxymatrinein vitro
Authors: Shi Yuan-Qi , Fan Pan , Zhang Guo-Cui , Zhang Yu-Hao , Li Ming-Zhu , Wang Fang , Li Bao-Xin
Published: October 2019

Background:

The human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) potassium channel is the rapidly activating
component of cardiac delayed rectifier potassium current (IKr), which is a crucial determinant of cardiac repolarization.
The reduction of hERG current is commonly believed to cause Long QT Syndrome (LQTs). Probucol,
a cholesterol-lowering drug, induces LQTs by inhibiting the expression of the hERG channel. Unfortunately,
there is currently no effective therapeutic method to rescue probucol-induced LQTs.

Methods:

Patch-clamp recording techniques were used to detect the action potential duration (APD) and current
of hERG. Western blot was performed to measure the expression levels of proteins.

Results:

In this study, we demonstrated that 1 μM matrine and oxymatrine could rescue the hERG current and
hERG surface expression inhibited by probucol. In addition, matrine and oxymatrine significantly shortened the
prolonged action potential duration induced by probucol in neonatal cardiac myocytes. We proposed a novel
mechanism underlying the probucol induced decrease in the expression of transcription factor Specificity protein
1 (Sp1), which is an established transactivator of the hERG gene. We also demonstrated that matrine and oxymatrine
were able to upregulate Sp1 expression which may be one of the possible mechanisms by which matrine and
oxymatrine rescued probucol-induced hERG channel deficiency.

Conclusion:

Our current results demonstrate that matrine and oxymatrine could rescue probucol-induced hERG
deficiency in vitro, which may lead to potentially effective therapeutic drugs for treating acquired LQT2 by probucol
in the future.
A Review on Targeting Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer
Authors: Alqaraghuli Hasanain Gomhor J. , Kashanian Soheila , Rafipour Ronak
Published: October 2019

Chemotherapeutic agents have been used extensively in breast cancer remedy. However,
most anticancer drugs cannot differentiate between cancer cells and normal cells, leading to toxic side
effects. Also, the resulted drug resistance during chemotherapy reduces treatment efficacy. The development
of targeted drug delivery offers great promise in breast cancer treatment both in clinical applications
and in pharmaceutical research. Conjugation of nanocarriers with targeting ligands is an effective
therapeutic strategy to treat cancer diseases. In this review, we focus on active targeting methods
for breast cancer cells through the use of chemical ligands such as antibodies, peptides, aptamers, vitamins,
hormones, and carbohydrates. Also, this review covers all information related to these targeting
ligands, such as their subtypes, advantages, disadvantages, chemical modification methods with nanoparticles
and recent published studies (from 2015 to present). We have discussed 28 different targeting
methods utilized for targeted drug delivery to breast cancer cells with different nanocarriers delivering
anticancer drugs to the tumors. These different targeting methods give researchers in the field of drug
delivery all the information and techniques they need to develop modern drug delivery systems.
A Review of Gene Therapy Delivery Systems for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Authors: Chen Songfeng , Luo Ming , Kou Hongwei , Shang Guowei , Ji Yanhui , Liu Hongjian
Published: October 2019

Background: :

Intervertebral Disc (IVD) degeneration is a major public health concern, and
gene therapy seems a promising approach to delay or even reverse IVD degeneration. However, the
delivery system used to transfer exogenous genes into intervertebral disc cells remains a challenge.

Methods::

The MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched for English-language
articles related to gene therapy for IVD degeneration articles from 1999 to May 2019. The keywords
included “gene therapy” AND “intervertebral disc”. The history of the development of different delivery
systems was analysed, and the latest developments in viral and non-viral vectors for IVD degeneration
treatment were reviewed.

Results: :

Gene therapy delivery systems for IVD degeneration are divided into two broad categories:
viral and non-viral vectors. The most commonly used viral vectors are adenovirus, adeno-associated
virus (AAV), and lentivirus. Enthusiasm for the use of adenovirus vectors has gradually declined and
has been replaced by a preference for lentivirus and AAV vectors. New technologies, such as RNAi
and CRISPR, have further enhanced the advantage of viral vectors. Liposomes are the classic non-viral
vector, and their successors, polyplex micelles and exosomes, have more potential for use in gene therapy
for IVD degeneration.

Conclusion::

Lentivirus and AAV are the conventional viral vectors used in gene therapy for IVD degeneration,
and the new technologies RNAi and CRISPR have further enhanced their advantages. Nonviral
vectors, such as polyplex micelles and exosomes, are promising gene therapy vectors for IVD degeneration.
Comprehensive Cardiac Safety Assessment using hiPS-cardiomyocytes (Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells: CSAHi)
Authors: Takasuna Kiyoshi , Kazusa Katsuyuki , Hayakawa Tomohiro
Published: October 2019

Current cardiac safety assessment platforms (in vitro hERG-centric, APD, and/or in vivo animal
QT assays) are not fully predictive of drug-induced Torsades de Pointes (TdP) and do not address
other mechanism-based arrhythmia, including ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, or cardiac
safety liabilities such as contractile and structural cardiotoxicity which are another growing safety
concerns. We organized the Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS cells (CSAHi;
http://csahi.org/en/) in 2013, based on the Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (JPMA), to
verify the application of human iPS/ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes for drug safety evaluation. The
CSAHi HEART team focused on comprehensive screening strategies to predict a diverse range of cardiotoxicities
using recently introduced platforms such as the Multi-Electrode Array (MEA), cellular
impedance, Motion Field Imaging (MFI), and optical imaging of Ca transient to identify strengths and
weaknesses of each platform. Our study showed that hiPS-CMs used in these platforms could detect
pharmacological responses that were more relevant to humans compared to existing hERG, APD, or
Langendorff (MAPD/contraction) assays. Further, MEA and other methods such as impedance, MFI,
and Ca transient assays provided paradigm changes of platforms for predicting drug-induced QT risk
and/or arrhythmia or contractile dysfunctions. In contrast, since discordances such as overestimation
(false positive) of arrhythmogenicity, oversight, or opposite conclusions in positive inotropic and negative
chronotropic activities to some compounds were also confirmed, possibly due to their functional
immaturity of hiPS-CMs, hiPS-CMs should be used in these platforms for cardiac safety assessment
based upon their advantages and disadvantages.
IMPMD: An Integrated Method for Predicting Potential Associations Between miRNAs and Diseases
Authors: Wu Meiqi , Yang Yingxi , Wang Hui , Ding Jun , Zhu Huan , Xu Yan
Published: October 2019

Background:

With the rapid development of biological research, microRNAs (miRNAs) have
increasingly attracted worldwide attention. The increasing biological studies and scientific experiments
have proven that miRNAs are related to the occurrence and development of a large number of key biological
processes which cause complex human diseases. Thus, identifying the association between miRNAs
and disease is helpful to diagnose the diseases. Although some studies have found considerable associations
between miRNAs and diseases, there are still a lot of associations that need to be identified.
Experimental methods to uncover miRNA-disease associations are time-consuming and expensive.
Therefore, effective computational methods are urgently needed to predict new associations.

Methodology:

In this work, we propose an integrated method for predicting potential associations between
miRNAs and diseases (IMPMD). The enhanced similarity for miRNAs is obtained by combination
of functional similarity, gaussian similarity and Jaccard similarity. To diseases, it is obtained by
combination of semantic similarity, gaussian similarity and Jaccard similarity. Then, we use these two
enhanced similarities to construct the features and calculate cumulative score to choose robust features.
Finally, the general linear regression is applied to assign weights for Support Vector Machine,
K-Nearest Neighbor and Logistic Regression algorithms.

Results:

IMPMD obtains AUC of 0.9386 in 10-fold cross-validation, which is better than most of the
previous models. To further evaluate our model, we implement IMPMD on two types of case studies
for lung cancer and breast cancer. 49 (Lung Cancer) and 50 (Breast Cancer) out of the top 50 related
miRNAs are validated by experimental discoveries.

Conclusion:

We built a software named IMPMD which can be freely downloaded from https://
github.com/Sunmile/IMPMD.
Aquaporins and Roles in Brain Health and Brain Injury
Authors: Dasdelen Dervis , Mogulkoc Rasim , Baltaci Abdülkerim Kasim
Published: October 2019

In the literature screening, aquaporins were found in the cerebral structures including the pia mater, choroid plexus, ependyma, piriform cortex, hippocampus, dorsal thalamus, supraoptic and suprachiasmatic nuclei, white matter and subcortical organ. Among these, the most common are AQP1, AQP4, and AQP9. The roles of aquaporins have been demonstrated in several diseases such as cerebral edema, various central nervous system tumors, Alzheimer’s Disease and epilepsy. In this review, the relationship between brain/brain-injury and aquaporin, has been reviewed.
Inhibitors of Cholinesterases in Pharmacology: the Current Trends
Authors: Pohanka Miroslav
Published: October 2019

Inhibitors of cholinesterases are a wide group of low molecular weight compounds with a
significant role in the current pharmacology. Besides the pharmacological importance, they are also
known as toxic compounds like military nerve agents. In the pharmacology, drugs for Alzheimer disease,
myasthenia gravis and prophylaxis of poisoning by nerve agents can be mentioned as the relevant
applications. Besides this, anti-inflammation and antiphrastic drugs are other pharmacological applications
of these inhibitors. This review is focused on a survey of cholinesterase inhibitors with known or
expected pharmacological impact and indications of their use. Recent literature with comments is provided
here as well.
The Effects of Butyric Acid on the Differentiation, Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Autophagy of IPEC-J2 Cells
Authors: Yang Yuan , Huang Jin , Li Jianzhong , Yang Huansheng , Yin Yulong
Published: October 2019

Background:

Butyric acid (BT), a short-chain fatty acid, is the preferred
colonocyte energy source. The effects of BT on the differentiation, proliferation, and
apoptosis of small intestinal epithelial cells of piglets and its underlying mechanisms
have not been fully elucidated.

Methods:

In this study, it was found that 0.2-0.4 mM BT promoted the differentiation of
procine jejunal epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells. BT at 0.5 mM or higher concentrations
significantly impaired cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, BT
at high concentrations inhibited the IPEC-J2 cell proliferation and induced cell cycle
arrest in the G2/M phase.

Results:

Our results demonstrated that BT triggered IPEC-J2 cell apoptosis via the
caspase8-caspase3 pathway accompanied by excess reactive oxygen species (ROS)
and TNF-α production. BT at high concentrations inhibited cell autophagy associated
with increased lysosome formation. It was found that BT-reduced IPEC-J2 cell viability
could be attenuated by p38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190. Moreover, SB202190 attenuated
BT-increased p38 MAPK target DDIT3 mRNA level and V-ATPase mRNA level that
were responsible for normal acidic lysosomes.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, 1) at 0.2-0.4 mM, BT promotes the differentiation of IPEC-J2
cells; 2) BT at 0.5 mM or higher concentrations induces cell apoptosis via the p38 MAPK
pathway; 3) BT inhibits cells autophagy and promotes lysosome formation at high
concentrations.
Targeting Hypertension: Superoxide Anions are Involved in Apelininduced Long-term High Blood Pressure and Sympathetic Activity in the Paraventricular Nucleus
Authors: Ji Mingyue , Wang Qian , Zhao Yuewu , Shi Lu , Zhou Zihao , Li Yong
Published: October 2019

Aims: :

To determine whether apelin in paraventricular nucleus (PVN) can be a therapeutic
target for hypertension.

Background::

Apelin is a specific endogenous ligand of orphan G protein-coupled receptor APJ.

Objective: :

This study was designed to determine how apelin chronically regulates sympathetic
nerve activity and blood pressure in PVN of rats.

Methods:

Apelin and APJ antagonist F13A were infused into PVN with osmotic minipumps. The
NAD(P)H oxidase activity and superoxide anions levels in PVN of rats were determined by chemiluminescence.

Results::

Infusion of apelin into PVN of Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats induced chronic increases in
systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP),
plasma norepinephrine (NE) level, maximal depressor response to hexamethonium (Hex),
NAD(P)H oxidase activity, superoxide anions levels, and Nox4 expression. Infusion of F13A into
PVN of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) caused chronic decreases in SBP, DBP, MAP,
plasma NE level, maximal depressor response to Hex, NAD(P)H oxidase activity, and superoxide
anions levels. Hex, a sympathetic ganglion blocker, inhibited apelin-induced increases in SBP,
DBP and MAP. SOD overexpression in PVN of SHRs inhibited the apelin-induced increase in
SBP, DBP, MAP, plasma NE level, and maximal depressor response to Hex. PVN Nox4 knockdown
also attenuated the apelin-induced increase in SBP, DBP, MAP, plasma NE level, and
maximal depressor response to Hex. Chronic injection of F13A into PVN reduced fibrosis of renal
artery, thoracic aorta, and heart in SHRs.

Conclusion::

These results demonstrated that in PVN apelin induced long-term high blood pressure
and sympathetic activity via increasing oxidative stress.
Anti-tumor Activity of Propofol: A Focus on MicroRNAs
Authors: Ashrafizadeh Milad , Ahmadi Zahra , Farkhondeh Tahereh , Samarghandian Saeed
Published: October 2019

Background::

MicroRNAs are endogenous, short, non-coding RNAs with the length as low as 20 to 25 nucleotides. These RNAs are able to negatively affect the gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. It has been demonstrated that microRNAs play a significant role in cell proliferation, cell migration, cell death, cell differentiation, infection, immune response, and metabolism. Besides, the dysfunction of microRNAs has been observed in a variety of cancers. So, modulation of microRNAs is of interest in the treatment of disorders.

Objective::

The aim of the current review is to investigate the modulatory effect of propofol on microRNAs in cancer therapy.

Methods: :

This review was performed at PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science data-bases using keywords “propofol’, “microRNA”, “cancer therapy”, “propofol + microRNA” and “propofol + miR”.

Results::

It was found that propofol dually down-regulates/upregulates microRNAs to exert its antitumor activity. In terms of oncogenesis microRNAs, propofol exert an inhibitory effect, while propofol significantly enhances the expression of oncosuppressor microRNAs.

Conclusion::

It seems that propofol is a potential modulator of microRNAs and this capability can be used in the treatment of various cancers.
Nanoparticle Delivery Systems for DNA/RNA and their Potential Applications in Nanomedicine
Authors: Shen Hua , Huang Xiaoyi , Min Jie , Le Shiguan , Wang Qing , Wang Xi , Dogan Asli Aybike , Liu Xiangsheng , Zhang Pengfei , Draz Mohamed S. , Xiao Jian
Published: October 2019

The rapid development of nanotechnology has a great influence on the fields of biology,
physiology, and medicine. Over recent years, nanoparticles have been widely presented as nanocarriers
to help the delivery of gene, drugs, and other therapeutic agents with cellular targeting ability. Advances
in the understanding of gene delivery and RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapy have brought increasing
attention to understanding and tackling complex genetically related diseases, such as cancer,
cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, autoimmune diseases and infections. The combination of nanocarriers
and DNA/RNA delivery may potentially improve their safety and therapeutic efficacy. However,
there still exist many challenges before this approach can be practiced in the clinic. In this review,
we provide a comprehensive summary on the types of nanoparticle systems used as nanocarriers, highlight
the current use of nanocarriers in recombinant DNA and RNAi molecules delivery, and the current
landscape of gene-based nanomedicine-ranging from diagnosis to therapeutics. Finally, we briefly discuss
the biosafety concerns and limitations in the preclinical and clinical development of nanoparticle
gene systems.
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Seropositivity versus Seronegativity; A Comparative Cross-sectional Study Arising from Moroccan Context
Authors: Salma Ksir , Nessrine Akasbi , Krystel Efemba , Khaoula El Kinany , Noura Naji , Khadija Elkohen , Taoufik Harzy
Published: October 2019

Introduction:

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is biologically marked by a positive serum rate
of rheumatoid factor (RA) and/or anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA). Nevertheless, 20%
of RA cases remain seronegative.

Objective:

The main purpose of this study, is to bring out the clinical, biological, imaging, therapeutic,
and evolutionary distinctions between seropositive RA and seronegative one.

Methods:

This is an observational cross-sectional study that involves patients with RA admitted in
the rheumatology department, from the period between January 2012 and January 2018. RA seronegativity
is described as the absence of both RF and ACPA, while seropositivity is recognized by
the presence of at least one of the two antibodies.

Results:

294 patients were included, of which 90% were seropositive and 10% seronegative. Therefore,
RA in this study is seropositive most often. The bivariate analysis underscored plenty of differences,
statistically notable, according to the RA immune status. In fact, patients with seropositive
RA had more synovitis (p=0.049), more deformities (p=0.01), and more bone destruction on radiographs
(p=0.04). Furthermore, RA in this Moroccan study was quite severe (p=0.006) and got more
complicated by systemic manifestations (p=0.02). Whereas, no distinction was brought up between
the two groups, concerning the use of biotherapy. As for the multivariate study, seropositive RA in
these patients, had greater severity (p=0.009, OR=4.53) and was more deforming (p=0.03
OR=2.45).

Conclusion:

RA in our Moroccan context is dominated by the seropositive form. This seropositivity
is often coupled with clinical severity and joint destruction, resulting in more deformities.
Role of Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Taleb Hanin Abdulbaset Abo
Published: October 2019

Since 1980, continuous positive airway pressure technology (CPAP) has been one of the most effective treatment methods for obstructive airway disease. About 10 years later, Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP) had been developed with a more beneficial concept. CPAP and BiPAP are the most common forms of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV). CPAP administrates a single, constant, low-pressure air to maintain airway expansion throughout the respiratory cycle, while BiPAP gives high and low levels of pressure; one during inspiration (IPAP) and another during expiration (EPAP) to regulate breathing pattern and to keep airways expanded. Recently, much evidence suggests NIPPV in form of CPAP or BiPAP as a treatment option for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) to improve blood gas abnormality and to reduce mortality rate, as well as to decrease the requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation and hospitalization. A guide for health care professionals released in 2019 has confirmed the use of NIPPV in COPD patients during exacerbation and if combined with obstructive sleep apnea. However, the treatment of stable COPD patients with hypercapnia or post-hospitalization COPD patients due to exacerbation with long term home NIPPV has not yet been adopted. Thus, COPD patient status and the timing of NIPPV delivery should be clearly evaluated. This mini review aims to show the role of NIPPV technology as an additional treatment option for patients suffering from COPD.
Withdrawal Notice: Management of Right Atrial Thrombus. Where is the Evidence? : A Narrative Review
Authors: Sheikh Omar , Gulick Deven , Saenger Evan , Parmar Rajiv , Chilton Robert , Bailey Steven
Published: October 2019

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor of the journal "Current Cardiology Reviews"

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

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when the article is accepted for publication.
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Farzaneh Maryam , Anbiyaiee Amir , Khoshnam Seyed Esmaeil
Published: October 2019

Spinal cord injury (SCI) as a serious public health issue and neurological insult is one of the most severe cause of long-term disability. To date, a variety of techniques have been widely developed to treat central nervous system injury. Currently, clinical treatments are limited to surgical decompression and pharmacotherapy. Because of their negative effects and inefficiency, novel therapeutic approaches are required in the management of SCI. Improvement and innovation of stem cell-based therapies have a huge potential for biological and future clinical applications. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are defined by their abilities to divide asymmetrically, self-renew and ultimately differentiate into various cell lineages. There are considerable research efforts to use various types of stem cells, such as ESCs, neural stem cells (NSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of patients with SCI. Moreover, the use of patient-specific iPSCs holds great potential as an unlimited cell source for generating in vivo models of SCI. In this review, we focused on the potential of hPSCs in treating SCI.
The Chemical Composition and Anti-mycobacterial Activities of Trachyspermum copticum and Pelargonium graveolens Essential Oils
Authors: Kardan-Yamchi Jalil , Mahboubi Mohaddese , Kazemian Hossein , Hamzelou Gholamreza , Feizabadi Mohammad M.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Microbial resistance to antibiotics and their adverse effects related
to these antibiotics are a matter of global public health in the 21th century. The emergence of
drug-resistant strains, has gained the interest of the scientists to discover new antimicrobial
agents from the essential oil of medicinal plants.

Methods:

Anti-mycobacterial effects of Trachyspermum copticum and Pelargonium graveolens
essential oils were determined against multi-drug resistant clinical strains of Mycobacterium
tuberculosis, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium fortuitum and standard
strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv by a Broth micro-dilution method. Pelargonium
graveolens plant named Narmada was discovered by Kulkarni R.N et al. (Patent ID,
USPP12425P2) and a formulation comprising thymol obtained from Trachyspermum is useful
in the treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections (Patent ID, US6824795B2). The
chemical composition of hydro-distilled essential oils was determined by GC and GC-MS.

Results:

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values for T. copticum essential oil
against tested isolates were ranged from 19.5 µg/mL to 78 µg/mL. The least minimum inhibitory
concentration of P. graveolens extract against M. Kansasii and MDR-TB was
78 µg/ml.

Conclusion:

The results of the present research introduced T. copticum and P. graveolens
essential oils as a remarkable natural anti-mycobacterial agent, but more pharmacological
studies are required to evaluate their efficacy in animal models.
Analysis and Comparison of RNA Pseudouridine Site Prediction Tools
Authors: Chen Wei , Liu Kewei
Published: October 2019

Background:

Pseudouridine (Ψ) is the most abundant RNA modification and has important functions in a series of biological and cellular processes. Although experimental techniques have made great contributions to identify Ψ sites, they are still labor-intensive and costineffective. In the past few years, a series of computational approaches have been developed, which provided rapid and efficient approaches to identify Ψ sites.

Results:

To provide the readership with a clear landscape about the recent development in this important area, in this review, we summarized and compared the representative computational approaches developed for identifying Ψ sites. Moreover, future directions in computationally identifying Ψ sites were discussed as well.

Conclusion:

We anticipate that this review will provide novel insights into the researches on pseudouridine modification.
Taxifolin Shows Anticataractogenesis and Attenuates Diabetic Retinopathy in STZ-Diabetic RatsviaSuppression of Aldose Reductase, Oxidative Stress, and MAPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liu Fei , Ma Ying , Xu Yanli
Published: October 2019

Background:

Due to the increased prevalence of diabetes-associated complications of the eye like diabetic retinopathy and cataract, the need for a novel therapeutic agent is urgent. Due to the advantages that the polyphenolic compounds enjoy in diabetes and associated complications, we postulated that Taxifolin (TXF), a poly-phenolic flavanol, could show anti-retinopathic and anti-cataract effect in diabetes-induced rats.

Methods:

TXF at a dose of 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg was given by oral route to STZ mediated diabetic rats for a time period of 10 weeks. The opacity of lens was studied after every 7 days of treatment till 10 weeks; evaluation of the severity of cataract and changes in the histology of lens as well as retina was done. Tissue homogenates of lens isolated after the end of the study were evaluated for markers of oxidative stress, levels of aldose reductase, p38MAPK, VEGF, and ERK1/2.

Results:

Outcomes suggested that TXF improved retinopathy and cataract in diabetes-induced rats. The treatment of TXF also improved the status of oxidative stress and inhibited the levels of p38MAPK, VEGF, and ERK1/2. The treatment also improved the lens opacity in diabetic rats. The results suggest that the protective effect of TXF against cataract and retinopathy may be due to the anti-oxidative potential of TXF and its inhibiting effect on VEGF, ERK1/2, p38MAPK, and aldose reductase.

Conclusion:

The study confirms that TXF is a potential candidate showing a protective effect against diabetic induced retinopathy and cataract..
Thyroid Disorders and Prognosis in Chronic Heart Failure: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study
Authors: Iacoviello Massimo , Parisi Giuseppe , Gioia Margherita I. , Grande Dario , Rizzo Caterina , Guida Pietro , Lisi Francesco , Giagulli Vito A. , Licchelli Brunella , Di Serio Francesca , Guastamacchia Edoardo , Triggiani Vincenzo
Published: October 2019

Background:

Thyroid disorders may have a negative impact on the prognosis of patients
affected by chronic heart failure (CHF).

Objective:

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the prognostic role of all thyroid disorders over
a long term follow-up in a single centre large sample of CHF outpatients.

Methods:

In all patients, the function of the thyroid was evaluated at the enrolment and during the follow-
up. On the basis of free triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (fT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone
(TSH) serum levels, patients were classified into one of the following four categories: euthyroid
subjects, patients affected by hypothyroidism, low T3 (LT3) syndrome and hyperthyroidism. During the
follow-up, death for all causes was assessed as primary end-point, whereas time to the first hospitalization
for heart failure worsening was the secondary end-point analyzed.

Results:

Among 762 patients, 190 patients were affected by hypothyroidism (Hypo). LT3 syndrome
was diagnosed in 15 patients and 59 patients were affected by hyperthyroidism (Hyper). During a long
term follow-up (5.1±3.7 years), 303 patients died. Patients with Hypo showed an increased risk of death
as well as of hospitalization due to heart failure worsening at univariate regression analysis. At multivariate
regression analysis, Hypo remained associated with hospitalization after correction for age >75
years, ischemic aetiology, diabetes, therapy with ACE-inhibitors or ARBs, therapy with betablockers
and with aldosterone antagonists, NYHA class 3, systolic arterial pressure <95 mmHg, left ventricular
ejection fraction <30%, estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min, hyponatremia and NTproBNP>
1000 pg/ml. At multivariate analysis, the independent association with death was significant
only for the subgroup of patients with TSH >10 mIU/L. LT3 was independently associated with both
heart failure hospitalization and death, whereas Hyper was not associated with any of the two considered
end-points.

Conclusion:

Hypo is associated with a worse prognosis over a long-term follow-up. The association
with heart failure hospitalization is not dependent on the baseline TSH levels, whereas the association
with death is significant only when TSH >10 mIU/L. Finally, Hyper does not have any association with
a worse prognosis.
The Concept of Successful Aging: A Review Article
Authors: Estebsari Fatemeh , Dastoorpoor Maryam , Khalifehkandi Zahra Rahimi , Nouri Azadeh , Mostafaei Davoud , Hosseini Meimanat , Esmaeili Roghayeh , Aghababaeian Hamidreza
Published: October 2019

Background:

With the increasing number of elderly people in the world, usage of concepts
and terminology related to this phenomenon has substantially increased. One concept in this
context is successful aging. The purpose of the present study is to extract and introduce a common
concept to be used in studies on measuring successful aging.

Methods:

This is a review study. First, by searching the databases of Magiran, Noormags, Medlib,
Irandoc, Iranmedex, Barakat Knowledge Network System, Civilica, SID, ISI Web Of Science,
PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and search engines, Google Scholar and Elmnet as well as using
standard keywords such as elder, elderly, aging, and successful aging, all related published articles
during the period 1995 to 2017 were retrieved. A total of 3417 documents were retrieved. By removing
3390 unrelated, duplicate and unusable documents, 27 articles were included in the study
after quality control.

Results:

The findings of the study were categorized in three areas: "defining successful aging by
focusing on dimensions", "successful aging principles" and "factors influencing successful aging".
Reviewing various studies, we found that the definition of successful aging deals with cognitive
action, perception, control, life satisfaction, and ethics. Successful aging is also defined as having
inner feelings of happiness and satisfaction with life for the present and the past. Sometimes successful
aging is also considered to be survival with health.

Conclusion:

Health care professionals as community health supporters can use the results from the
present study for providing the grounds for successful aging. Then, they can use the designed successful
aging program for preserving and promoting active and healthy aging for every elderly
person in old age.