bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jenis dan Populasi Artropoda dan Dampaknya terhadap Kerusakan Polong Kacang Hijau
Authors: Baliadi Yuliantoro , Prayogo Yusmani
Published: August 2018

Tingkat keragaman artropoda sangat menentukan dinamika jenis dan populasi hama, musuh alami dan artropoda berguna pada pertanaman kacang hijau (Vigna radiata L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kelimpahan populasi artropoda dan dampaknya terhadap kerusakan polong kacang hijau. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Ngale, Kabupaten Ngawi, Jawa Timur pada musim kemarau (MK) II 2015, menggunakan varietas Vima 1, rancangan acak kelompok dengan ulangan lima kali. Lima perlakuan waktu aplikasi pestisida kimia yang diuji adalah; P1 (aplikasi insektisida kimia mulai umur 14 hari setelah tanam (HST) hingga panen); P2 (aplikasi insektisida kimia mulai umur 8 dan 35 HST hingga panen); P3 (aplikasi insektisida kimia mulai umur 8, 14, 21, 28, dan 35 HST); P4 (tanpa aplikasi insektisida kimia); dan P5 (aplikasi insektisida kimia mulai awal pertumbuhan hingga panen). Pengamatan jenis dan populasi artropoda dilakukan melalui pengamatan langsung, pitfall trap, sticky trap dan sweep net mulai umur 14 HST hingga panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis dan populasi artropoda di pertanaman kacang hijau sangat beragam tergantung fase pertumbuhan kacang hijau dan aplikasi insektisida kimia. Lima ordo sebagai musuh alami potensial di lahan kacang hijau yaitu: Araneida, Collembola, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera dan Diptera, sedangkan empat ordo yang berfungsi sebagai hama adalah: Diptera, Homoptera, Hemiptera, dan Orthoptera. Artropoda hama utama di fase awal pertumbuhan adalah Ophiomyia phaseoli, di fase vegetatif adalah Bemisia tabaci dan Aphis sp., sedangkan di fase pembentukan polong adalah Riptortus linearis, Nezara viridula, Piezodorus hybneri, dan Maruca testulalis yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan hasil 9,35-26,03%.
¡Ya pué[h]! Perception of coda-/s/ weakening among L2 and heritage speakers in coastal Ecuador
Authors: Escalante Chelsea
Published: August 2018

This investigation lies at the intersection of second language acquisition (SLA), sociophonetic variation, and speech perception. Specifically, it investigates the perception of coda /s/-aspiration (producing disco as [dih.ko]), a dialectal feature characteristic of Guayaquileño (coastal Ecuadorian) Spanish, among 14 young-adult English speakers who travel to Ecuador. The study investigates the participants’ ability to perceive an aspirated variant as a legitimate /s/ over time as they are further exposed to the local variety. It also explores the linguistic and extralinguistic factors that play a role in the perception of the variable such as phonological context of /s/, proficiency level, and individual differences in experience with /s/-weakening dialects. Results suggest that most learners are able to acquire new mappings within their interlanguage phonological system. However, results vary according to proficiency, phonological context of /s/, and at the individual level. The results also suggest that gains in sociolinguistic competence can be seen in terms of perception (as opposed to only in learner production), which underscores the necessity to include perceptual studies in future research in variationist SLA.
Enhancing Soils of Labrador through Application of Biochar, Fishmeal, and Chemical Fertilizer
Authors: Abedin Joinal
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas

Biochar applied to sandy, acidic soil increased topsoil pH by 0.5 units.

Biochar, fertilizer, or fishmeal alone was unable to support crop establishment, growth, and biomass yield.

Biochar along with fertilizer or fishmeal boosted crop establishment, growth, and yields.

Topsoil Ca, K, and Mn availability increased by 186, 19, and 2.6 mg L−1 due to biochar application.

Plant tissue N, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn contents were higher in NBT than in BT, but the opposite was found for K.

A multi‐year experiment was conducted in the sandy, acidic soils of Happy Valley–Goose Bay (HV‐GB), Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada to evaluate the effects of hardwood biochar on soil fertility, and to ascertain its nutrient supplying capability when applied singly or in combination with fishmeal and chemical fertilizers. The experiment was set up on a permanent layout and in a randomized block design with 10 treatments resulting from combinations of biochar (20 Mg C ha−1) with half and full recommended doses of fertilizers and fishmeal. In the control and biochar only treatments the beet (Beta vulgaris L.) seedlings did not grow at all, and in the fertilizer or fishmeal alone treatments the survival, growth, and biomass yields were severely affected. However, biochar application along with fertilizer or fishmeal enhanced crop establishment, growth, and yields. Biochar application increased topsoil pH by 0.5 unit and availability of Ca, K, and Mn by 186, 19, and 2.6 mg L−1, respectively. Plant tissue contents of N, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn were greater in non‐biochar treatments (NBT) than in biochar treatments (BT), but the opposite was found for K. Despite greater nutrient contents in NBT for some elements, plant uptake (kg ha−1) of nutrients in BT were always much greater than NBT due to higher biomass yield in BT. The positive effects of biochar observed in this study demonstrate that biochar has the potential to enhance soil fertility and crop productivity of sandy, acidic soils that are similar to the regional soils of Labrador.
Maize Grain Weight Sensitivity to Source–Sink Manipulations under a Wide Range of Field Conditions
Authors: Ordóñez Raziel A. , Savin Roxana , Cossani C. Mariano , Slafer Gustavo A.
Published: August 2018

Physiological causes for grain weight determination in maize (Zea mays L.) are not clear. Source–sink relationships during grain filling modulate grain weight, and there are controversies regarding the degree of source limitation that may exist during grain filling. We aimed to analyze likely causes of the responsiveness of maize grain weight to defoliation and degraining treatments imposed 15 d after silking, quantifying the responsiveness of grain weight to these source–sink manipulations in a large number of field conditions (52 background conditions in which source–sink manipulations were imposed). Grain weight was largely unresponsive to increases in source availability but was diminished by defoliations in six out of seven experiments. Interestingly, grain weight reductions due to defoliation were not hierarchical (grains from different positions along the ear responded similarly) and were not worsened by imposing a simultaneous heat stress. Heat affected the grain growth capacity directly, and indirect effects (through reducing source strength due to accelerated senescence) were not evident. The penalty imposed by heat was neither increased by defoliation nor diminished by degraining, and the reduction in grain weight was similar for grains with different potential size. Our study reinforced the concept that maize yield is limited by the sink strength during grain filling, even when grain weight may respond to reductions in the grain filling source–sink ratio.
Iron and Zinc in Maize in the Developing World: Deficiency, Availability, and Breeding
Authors: Akhtar Sajjad , Osthoff Gernot , Mashingaidze Kingstone , Labuschagne Maryke
Published: August 2018

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the third most important cereal in the world and the most important food security crop in sub‐Saharan Africa. Maize provides energy and micronutrients. Deficiencies of the essential micronutrients Zn and Fe are fifth and sixth ranked among the top 10 most important risk factors for conditions such as anemia, low cognitive functioning, and impaired immune system (Fe deficiency) and diarrhea, skin inflammation, and recurrent infections (Zn deficiency) in humans, affecting more than two billion people worldwide. Poverty, lack of access to balanced diets and awareness, and low phytoavailability and bioavailability of these nutrients are major reasons for deficiencies. Breeding for mineral‐rich maize is a sustainable and cost‐effective approach to reduce micronutrient deficiencies. Since 2004, there has been significant progress in improving maize for Zn content. The aim of this review was to capture recent developments, trends, and progress in maize Fe and Zn biofortification and to identify challenges and ways to overcome them. HarvestPlus has set target levels for Fe (60 μg g−1) and Zn (38 μg g−1) in maize. Zinc target levels have been reached, but conventional breeding alone cannot enhance Fe to the recommended levels. Techniques such as oligo‐directed mutagenesis, reverse breeding, RNA‐directed DNA methylation, and gene editing could be used in future to speed up maize Fe biofortification. Additional research is required on Fe and Zn bioavailability in maize products, and on interactions of Fe and Zn with Ca and phytate and their influence on absorption, to better understand the underlying mechanisms.
2017 Frank Meyer Medal for Plant Genetic Resources Lecture: Stewards of Our Agricultural Future
Authors: Bretting Peter K.
Published: August 2018

Humanity's survival depends on crops—the green line standing between us and calamity. To meet ever expanding human needs, crops must become increasingly more productive, mainly through genetic gains that exploit diverse plant genetic resources (PGR), the raw materials for crop breeding. For millennia, PGR have been conserved by individuals, communities, and organizations. These stewards of our agricultural future have been nearly as diverse as the PGR that they have conserved. Their invaluable roles in underpinning the security of global agriculture have largely been underappreciated. Furthermore, the challenges and complexity of successful PGR stewardship have been inadequately recognized. This paper pays tribute to these stewards’ characteristic attributes and their contributions to PGR conservation and sustainable use. It describes the pervasive impacts of PGR on crop agriculture and explains how numerous factors have affected PGR stewardship capacities. Plant genetic resource stewardship involves many different components, which are typically conducted over extended timeframes. Sustained, adequate support for PGR maintenance, a key component, has been the exception rather than the rule. Past and present PGR stewardship successes and challenges furnish numerous lessons for meeting future demands. Such lessons include recognizing the importance to PGR stewardship of: dedicated and diverse PGR stewards, continual and persistent financial support for PGR genebanks and their staffs, protecting crop wild relatives, and safeguarding genebank collections from extreme weather and introduced pests and pathogens. In the future, PGR stewardship might be conducted more frequently and more adequately by multi‐institutional networks enabled by advances in information technology and artificial intelligence.
Simplified Computational Approach for Determining In Situ Probe Spacing of a Dual Probe Heat Pulse Sensor
Authors: Wen Minmin , Liu Gang , Horton Robert
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas

Probe spacing corrections greatly improve soil thermal property determination.

The linear model and the non‐linear model are unified into a single algorithm.

The new model simplifies significantly the spacing calculation procedure.

For the dual probe heat pulse (DPHP) method, the probe spacing r is very important for the calculation of volumetric heat capacity and thermal diffusivity. Separate models for probe spacing correcting resulting from linear and nonlinear deflections have been reported earlier. In this paper, the linear model and the nonlinear model are unified into a single algorithm. Compared with the earlier models, the new model simplifies the procedure. To use the new model, it is not necessary to calculate a deflected angle, and also there is no longer a need to initially identify whether probe deflection is inward or outward. The new r correcting approach provides an easy way to use relationship that accounts for linear and nonlinear probe deflections.
Evaluation of Soil Tests for Measuring Potentially Mineralizable Soil N in Southern Idaho Soils
Authors: Rogers C.W. , Schroeder K. , Rashed A. , Roberts T.L.
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas

A reliable rapid soil test method to predict N mineralization is currently unavailable.

Chemical and biological soil tests were evaluated against N mineralized by a 7‐d anaerobic incubation.

Multiple tests were strongly correlated to the 7‐d anaerobic incubation (e.g., ASN, LOI, and FL_CO2_C).

Developing rapid soil tests to predict N availability could improve management strategies for irrigated crops and would assist in sustainable production. No rapid soil test has been evaluated for applicability in irrigated systems in the semiarid western United States. Soils were collected at two sampling depths (0–30 and 30–60 cm) from irrigated fields across southern Idaho representing predominant soil classes, crops, and irrigation management systems; a 0–60 cm depth was calculated. Anaerobic incubations were used to estimate N mineralization (NMIN) in the sampled soils. The tests were positively correlated with NMIN: the amino sugar N (ASN) test was strongly correlated at 0 to 30 cm (r = 0.73) and 0 to 60 cm (r = 0.79). The flush of CO2 from soil after capillary rewetting (FL_CO2_C) was also strongly correlated at the 0‐ to 30‐cm depth (r = 0.73) and 0‐ to 60‐cm depth (r = 0.67). The loss on ignition (LOI) test was strongly correlated for the 0‐ to 30‐ (r = 0.65) and 0‐ to 60‐cm (r = 0.67) depths. Removal of sites with high soil organic matter resulted in improved r2 for LOI and ASN but not FL_CO2_C. The relationship of several tests with NMIN warrants further investigation of their ability to predict crop responses in the region. The ASN test uses a standard 2 M KCl extract, can be automated, and is easily implemented with only minor changes. These results should be expanded to field correlation calibration trials before any test is recommended.
Biosolids Type, Rate, and Receiving Soil Affect Anaerobic Incubation Nitrogen Availability Coefficients
Authors: White Jeffrey G. , Dodd Ryan , Walters Robert
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas

Potentially available N (PAN) differed greatly among biosolids, soils, and rates.

Nitrogen availability coefficients (NAC) under or overestimated PAN from −140 to 181%.

The effects of soil and biosolids on PAN and NAC were of similar magnitudes.

Biosolids NAC might best be estimated with the receiving soil and a range of rates.

Seven‐day anaerobic incubation can provide relatively quick and easy estimates of potentially available N (PAN), but has been little used to estimate N availability coefficients (NAC) of biosolids destined for land application. We hypothesized that waterlogged‐incubation estimates of PAN and NAC depend on biosolids type, application rate, and receiving soil. We applied three dissimilar biosolids at five rates to four representative southeastern US soils and measured NH4–N and NO3–N after a 7‐d laboratory waterlogged incubation. Target PAN rates were 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2× a realistic yield expectation (RYE) rate, 127 kg N ha–1, for tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), a common biosolids‐receiving grass. Biosolids application rates were based on biosolids types, associated book‐value NACs, and biosolids total N. Anaerobic incubation of soil plus biosolids yielded predominantly NH4–N. There were three‐way biosolids × rate × soil interactions for NH4–N, PAN, and NAC. The PAN differed substantially among biosolids, rates, and receiving soils, ranging from –12.1 to 146 mg kg–1, while NAC ranged from ‐0.13 to 0.86. Negative values suggested N lost via denitrification or immobilization. The PAN trends reflected biosolids total N. At the highest application rate, soil had no detectable effect on the NAC; otherwise, soil affected NAC by as much as an order of magnitude. Presuming anaerobic incubation provides reasonable estimates of PAN, NAC of any particular biosolids might best be estimated via incubation with the receiving soil across an RYE‐based range of N application rates, rather than relying on book value NAC.
A Simple and Improved Model for Describing Soil Hydraulic Properties from Saturation to Oven Dryness
Authors: Liao Kaihua , Lai Xiaoming , Zhou Zhiwen , Zhu Qing , Han Qing
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas

Soil hydraulic properties from saturation to oven dryness are needed to simulate soil water movement.

A new soil hydraulic model was compared with the classic van Genuchten–Mualem models.

The new model with different fitted parameters was more efficient than the van Genuchten–Mualem models.

Soil water retention characteristics and hydraulic conductivity from saturation to oven dryness are needed for simulating soil water movement and solute transport, especially in arid and semiarid regions. The aim of this study was to derive a new soil hydraulic model and compare this model with the classic van Genuchten–Mualem (VGM) models (M1). A total of 12 soils with varying basic properties were selected from the Unsaturated Soil Hydraulic Database (UNSODA) for the evaluation of the new model. Five pairs of soil hydraulic models were considered, including M1 and the new model with different parameters fitted (M2–M5). Correlation analysis was conducted to analyze the relationships between the new model parameters and basic soil properties. In addition, the Morris method was applied to quantify the parameter sensitivity of the new model. Results showed that M2 to M5 gave slightly better performance than M1 in predicting soil water retention characteristics, with a decrease of ∼15% in the root mean squared error (RMSE). However, they produced substantially better performance than M1 in estimating soil hydraulic conductivities, with a decrease of ∼40% in the RMSE. The new model with all of the model parameters being fitted (M2) was more efficient than those with one or two model parameters not fitted. However, an over‐parameterization problem was detected with M2. Physically unrealistic parameters (e.g., the saturated soil water content and effective grain diameter) exist in M2. These parameters were found to have important influences on the results of the soil hydraulic properties prediction based on the Morris‐based sensitivity analysis. Overall, the new model with two parameters not fitted (M5) can best describe the soil hydraulic properties from saturation to oven dryness and had the potential to simulate water and solute transport in the vadose zone.
Turkish Adaptation of the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale IV
Authors: Türkdoğan Turgut , Duru Erdinç , Balkıs Murat
Published: August 2018

The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric
properties of the Turkish version of Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale IV (FACES
IV) Questionnaire Package, and also to achieve a valid and reliable assessment tool
for the further investigations of the Circumplex Model of Marital and Family Systems
in Turkish culture. A total of 1613 (65.4% female, 34.6% male) university students
agreed to participate in the study. The construct validity of the FACES IV was examined
with confirmatory factor analysis. Also, the convergent validity, criterion-related
validity, internal reliability, and test-retest reliability analyses were examined
within the scope of validity and reliability studies. Findings indicate that Turkish
form of FACES IV can be used as a valid and reliable scale with sufficient psychometric
properties to evaluate the family cohesion, family adaptability, family communication,
family satisfaction, and the family functioning as a whole in Turkish culture.
HEALTH NEEDS OF THE PEOPLE OF PREK TORL – CAMBODIA: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Sigilipoe Mitra Andini , Tsang Katrin
Published: August 2018

Background: Several studies have mentioned about health problems of people who lives within a landfll area, especially for pregnant mothers and the health outcomes such as low birth weight, spontaneous abortion, infant mortality, and other health issues. In Prek Torl-Pnomh Penh-Cambodia, about 200 households, who are living under poverty line, dwell in a slum surrounded by heaps of decaying wastes. These households consist of women within productive age of 18-49 years old, and they are exposed to the hazard of wastes every single day.

Objectives: The study is aimed to assess the need of Prek Toul's population, especially health problems regarding maternal and child health.

Methods: Household surveys were carried out in June 2012 and 2013. In 3 days, a team from S.H. Ho College, under supervision of Prof. Katrina Tsang, conducted the survey to 88 and 90 households, respectfully. Data was analyzed using frequency and compared with Cambodia's 2010 Demographic and Household survey result. Statistical tests were also used to see if there was any correlation or association between household income, education level or status, antenatal service, and infant mortality.

Conclusion: The fndings of this study suggested that low level of education and income is connected with the uptake of antenatal service. The perception of access to health care is not in line with the uptake of antenatal service. More qualitative studies might be needed to explore the reason for that issue. Further studies may shed more light on the reason of why women did not use antenatal service, and in time may help in designing new interventions for delivering more suitable maternal and child health care for the particular population
EVALUASI PROSES PENGEMBANGAN DAN PENERAPAN CLINICAL PATHWAY KASUS STROKE ISKEMIK AKUT DI RUMAH SAKIT ANUTAPURA KOTA PALU
Authors: Mutiarasari Diah , Pinzon Rizaldy Taslim , Gunadi Gunadi
Published: August 2018

Latar belakang: Stroke memiliki angka kematian dan kecacatan yang tinggi. Stroke menjadi penyebab nomor 1 admisi pasien ke rumah sakit. Penggunaan clinical pathway dapat mengurangi variasi dalam tindakan medis untuk kondisi

klinis yang sama sehingga meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan stroke. Penelitian mengenai pengembangan clinical pathway sesuai Integrated Clinical Pathway Appraisal Tools (ICPAT) di Indonesia masih sangat terbatas.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi proses pengembangan dan penerapan clinical pathway kasus stroke iskemik akut di RS Anutapura Kota Palu.

Metode: Rancangan Penelitian ini adalah action research. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan triangulasi metode melalui wawancara terstruktur, diskusi kelompok terarah, survei, observasi, dan telaah dokumen. Integrated Clinical

Pathway Appraisal Tools (ICPAT) digunakan sebagai alat ukur. Subyek penelitian sebanyak 25 responden terdiri dari petugas kesehatan RS Anutapura dan tim clinical pathway, 1 responden keluarga pasien dan 30 responden pasien yang

dirawat inap di bagian saraf RS Anutapura yang memenuhi kriteria eligibilitas.

Hasil: Pada proses pengembangan hasil evaluasi dengan ICPAT menunjukkan dimensi 1 terpenuhi persyaratan secara keseluruhan. Dimensi 1 memberikan kepastian bahwa dokumen yang dikembangkan merupakan clinical pathway. Pada proses penerapan clinical pathway dilakukan evaluasi uji coba clinical pathway stroke iskemik akut sejak pasien masuk RS sampai pasien diijinkan keluar RS. Indikator proses pelayanan yang dinilai adalah pemeriksaan EKG sebesar 100%, penilaian kemampuan menelan sebesar 100%, pemberian antiplatelet (aspirin 80mg atau clopidogrel 75mg) diberikan 24-48 jam sejak masuk RS sebesar 100%, pemberian anti platelet (aspirin 325mg atau clopidogrel

300mg) diberikan 24-48 jam sejak masuk RS sebesar 46,7 % dan penilaian status gizi dan diet seawal mungkin sebesar 100%. Kepatuhan pengisian clinical pathway dokter dan case manager mencapai 80%.

Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan evaluasi CP baru stroke iskemik akut menunjukkan kesesuaian dengan ICPAT. Sinergi seluruh manajemen RS, clinical champion, dokter spesialis saraf dan tim multidisiplin menjadi kunci keberhasilan pengembangan dan penerapan clinical pathway.
ReView Bamboozled: Archival Affects
Authors: Ghartey-Tagoe Kootin Amma Y.
Published: August 2018

The first time the author watched Spike Lee’s Bamboozled (2000), the film literally moved her body 3000 miles. In this video reView, Bamboozled moves the author again, this time to the very space that gives the film its continued, urgent relevance: the archive. In moving and being moved, the author surprisingly discovers a little-known archival collection in Buffalo, NY that directly relates to Lee’s film and its usage of black memorabilia. ReVIEW BAMBOOZLED: ARCHIVAL AFFECTS chronicles the author’s journey into this archive and her remarkable discussion with the archivist and her research assistant about the stakes of that collection, Spike Lee’s film, and the affects of both. It also reViews archival practice, showing the tensions of working with what the archivist acknowledges to be, in some ways, “the uncollectible.”
Galaxies → eventually there will be nothing
Authors: Martin Matt
Published: August 2018

Historically, a palimpsest is a manuscript or piece of writing material on which the original writing has been effaced to make room for later writing but of which traces remain; or by analogy, anything reused or altered but still bearing visible traces of its earlier form. Although this practice was most often done with little regard to the original, primarily serving a pragmatic purpose not to waste parchment, it can instead be utilized as methodology for a sort of physical sublation, as it both preserves and changes the original. Or put another way, critically doing a palimpsest allows the physical alteration to become the dialectic interplay between the original and some other term, concept, or object. If contextualized then as a review, this process retains the basic premise of analysis, but changes it from a form of external evaluation to one of synthesis.
What is Refugee?
Authors: Daddario Will , Dhamankar Janhavi , Loayza Milton , McKenzie Jon , Meerzon Yana , Nauha Tero , Schmidt Theron , Stojnić Aneta
Published: August 2018

This collectively authored article is a curated response to a set of questions (or fragments of questions) derived from a year-long collaboration focused on the figure of the refugee. Delivered through mixed-media, the responses cover a vast range of territory, from the relation between refugees and global capitalism to the reign of bio- and necro-politics, from analytical philosophies of naming to continental philosophies of territorialized flows, and from conceptual mappings of interstitial space to concrete mappings of “refugee” movements across the globe.While the article addresses many different questions, the authors are concerned primarily with the following: How can performance philosophy conceptualize “crisis” in its methods and subjects of study? How is crisis organized, delivered and received in thought and performance? The form our response has taken is one of arranged fragments that speak to the “trailing off” of thought that so frequently occurs when faced with “big ideas.” Meanwhile, the content delivers multiple theses on the ways performance philosophy scholarship might grapple with the figure of the refugee, a figure that will surely dominate ethical discussions for years to come.
The Tragedy of the Greek Debt Crisis: To Be Done With Judgment
Authors: Banalopoulou Christina
Published: August 2018

Since the first memorandum “agreement” between Greece and its international creditors in 2010, the “tragedy of the Greek debt crisis” has become one of the most popular narratives that frame Greece’s condition of indebtedness. Highlighting the interplay between appearances of “debt crisis” and notions of tragedy as its point of departure, this essay builds on Nietzsche’s thought and introduces a philosophy of tragedy that understands what appears to be a “debt crisis” as, in fact, a crisis of the creditor’s capacity to reproduce the non-resolvable power relations between them and their debtor. For Nietzsche, in order for the creditor to experiment with their debtor’s appropriation, the creditor stages a series of acts of judgment (κρίσις) that introduce masks and appearances of their debtor’s redemption. In the comments that follow I make the case that Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari draw upon Nietzsche’s philosophy of tragedy in order to grasp the interdependencies between performances of evaluation, capitalistic modes of production and the production of infinite debt. Drawing upon Deleuze and Guattari’s readings of Nietzsche’s philosophy of tragedy and Maurizio Lazzarato’s works on Nietzsche and Deleuze and Guattari, I argue that what appears to be a “Greek debt crisis” is a crisis of credit’s capacity to extract profit from infinite debt. Connecting this theorization to the Greek situation, I look at the “YES” and “NO” demonstrations that occurred two days before the Greek bailout referendum of 2015. I contend that while the “YES” demonstration reenacted the infinitization of Greece’s indebtedness to its creditors the “NO” demonstration performed politics that exceed notions of judgment and debt.
Different Generations of Type-B Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors in Parkinson’s Disease: From Bench to Bedside
Authors: Alborghetti Marika , Nicoletti Ferdinando
Published: August 2018

Three inhibitors of type-B monoamine oxidase (MAOB), selegiline, rasagiline, and safinamide,
are used for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). All three drugs improve motor signs
of PD, and are effective in reducing motor fluctuations in patients undergoing long-term L-DOPA
treatment. The effect of MAOB inhibitors on non-motor symptoms is not uniform and may not be
class-related. Selegiline and rasagiline are irreversible inhibitors forming a covalent bond within the
active site of MAOB. In contrast, safinamide is a reversible MAOB inhibitor, and also inhibits voltage-
sensitive sodium channels and glutamate release. Safinamide is the prototype of a new generation
of multi-active MAOB inhibitors, which includes the antiepileptic drug, zonisamide. Inhibition
of MAOB-mediated dopamine metabolism largely accounts for the antiparkinsonian effect of the
three drugs. Dopamine metabolism by MAOB generates reactive oxygen species, which contribute
to nigro-striatal degeneration. Among all antiparkinsonian agents, MAOB inhibitors are those with
the greatest neuroprotective potential because of inhibition of dopamine metabolism, induction of
neurotrophic factors, and, in the case of safinamide, inhibition of glutamate release. The recent development
of new experimental animal models that more closely mimic the progressive neurodegeneration
associated with PD will allow to test the hypothesis that MAOB inhibitors may slow the
progression of PD.
Loss of Beclin1 Expression and Nrf2 Overexpression are Associated with Poor Survival of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Yu Shuo , Cheng Chuantao , Wang Jia , Wang Jing , Qu Zhan , Ren Hui , Li Yang , Ning Qian , Chen Mingwei , Hu Tinghua
Published: August 2018

Background:

Nrf2 pathway and autophagy are abnormally activated in response to cellular stress in
various types of human cancers. In this study, we selected Beclin1 as an enter point to discuss the relationship
between Nrf2 pathway and autophagy, and defined their associations with clinic pathological features and survival
of the patients.

Method:

NSCLC specimens were processed for immunohistochemical and qRT-PCR to analyses the expression
of Beclin1 and Nrf2. Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used in the survival data.

Results:

Beclin1 protein level was found to be significantly associated with more advanced TNM stage (P =
0.035), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.017) and distant metastasis (P = 0.005). The expression of Nrf2 protein
was associated with larger tumor size (P = 0.032), more advanced TNM stage (P = 0.011), lymph node metastasis
(P = 0.045) and distant metastasis (P = 0.013). Beside there was a strong inverse relationship between Beclin1
and Nrf2 expression in the NSCLC tissues. Distant metastasis, Beclin1, Nrf2, and Beclin1-/Nrf2+ expression
was conformed to be independent prognostic factors of patients.

Conclusion:

Both Nrf2 overexpression and Beclin1 lower-expression are independent indicators of a poor prognosis
in NSCLC patients.
Purification of Stem Cells from Oral Pyogenic Granuloma Tissue
Authors: Dehghani Nazhvani Ali , Ahzan Shamsedin , Hosseini Seyed-Mojtaba , Attar Armin , Monabati Ahmad , Tavangar Maryam Sadat
Published: August 2018

Introduction:

The isolation of stem cells from pathologically damaged dental tissues has been examined only by a few studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of isolation of stem cells from pyogenic granuloma.

Methods:

Pyogenic granuloma tissues were enzymatically digested and the resulting single cells were cultured. Then, the cultured cells differentiated into adipocytes and osteoblasts cells. Flow cytometry analyses were performed on markers such as CD 90, CD 73, CD105, CD 45 and CD14. Other features were also analyzed including the effect of colony formation and potentials of differentiation into adipocytes and osteoblasts.

Results:

The cells derived from pyogenic granuloma tissue formed higher colonies similar to typical spindle-shaped fibroblasts. The cells were positive for mesenchymal markers such as CD 44, CD 271, CD 90, and CD 73, and negative for surface molecules such as CD 14, CD 34 and CD 45. Moreover, they successfully differentiated into adipocytes and osteoblasts.

Conclusion:

The cells isolated from pyogenic granuloma could form CFU fibroblastic units expressing an appropriate marker panel of the cell surface antigen and adequate differentiation potential, all of which met the Cell Therapy International Association criteria for the definition of mesenchymal stromal cells. Pyogenic granuloma contains cells with stem cell properties.
Food Allergy Knowledge and Attitudes Among School Teachers in Jazan, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Gohal Gassem
Published: August 2018

Background:

Food allergy topic has become more widely discussed in developed countries, but with less interest in Middle Eastern Arabian Countries.

Objectives:

The main objective of this paper is to assess the knowledge and perception of schoolteachers about food allergy.

Methods:

A cross sectional study was conducted among a sample of 360 school teachers between May 2013 and February 2014 in province of Jazan in Saudi Arabia, using a validated web-based self-administered survey.

Results:

The results revealed that almost (59.7%) of the schoolteachers had a medium insufficient knowledge about food allergy; only 17.3% had good knowledge about food allergy. Female teachers had higher knowledge scores (58.5 ± 17.2) as compared to male (51.8 ± 16.0) with statistically significant difference (p = 0.017). The majority of schoolteachers have a significantly poor knowledge in most of food allergy domains. More than half of responders either do not know or they disagree that the food allergy is a serious problem and can lead to death. Regression analysis revealed that participant’s level of knowledge is significantly associated with school teacher’s attitudes towards food allergy (OR = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.39 - 0.92, p = 0.01), practice (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.11 - 2.56, p = 0.01), and years of experiences (OR = 1.8, 95% CI; 1.15 - 2.98, p = 0.011).

Conclusion:

Knowledge of food allergy among schoolteachers is not adequate, failing to recognize and treat fatal food allergy reactions necessitate an urgent need to set a school policy to improve the food allergy situation.
The Analysis of Socio-Economic and Demographic Factors Associated with Contraceptive Use Among Married Women of Reproductive Age in Rwanda
Authors: Habyarimana Faustin , Ramroop Shaun
Published: August 2018

Background:

Contraceptive use is seen as pivotal for protecting women’s health and rights, influencing fertility and population growth, and helping to promote economic development. The main objective of this study was to identify the socio-economic and demographic factors associated with contraceptive use among married women of childbearing age in Rwanda.

Methods:

The current study used survey logistic regression model in order to account for the complexity of sampling design and heterogeneity between the observations from the same cluster. The 2014/2015 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey data was used as application.

Results:

The findings from this study revealed that education level of the woman, wealth quintile of the household, woman’s province of residence, woman’s age at first cohabitation, current age of the respondent, woman’s working status, number of living children, husband’s desire for more children compared to the wife or partner, religious affiliation, health facilities, exposure to contraceptive information in media and by family planning workers, and current age of husband or partner were significant determinants of contraceptive use among ever married women of reproductive age.

Conclusion:

The findings from this study suggest improvement of exposure to the information of contraceptive use in health centres, empowerment of women for access to quality contraceptive use services and religious affiliation to play an important role to explain and inform their adherents on the importance of using a contraceptive method.
Towards mobile learning deployment in higher learning institutions: a report on the qualitative inquiries conducted in four universities in Tanzania
Authors: Ghasia Mohamed A. , De Smet Egbert , Machumu Haruni , Musabila Albogast
Published: August 2018

Over the past two decades, mobile learning (m-learning) has been a purposeful area of research among educational technologists, educators and instructional designers whereby doubts and controversies over its relevancy and applicability have been keenly addressed. This paper explores stakeholders’ perceptions of m-learning deployment in Higher Learning Institutions (HLIs). Spe- cifically, we examine the potential of m-learning for HLIs in Tanzania and the challenges that hinder successful m-learning deployment. We adopt a comparative qualitative case study design in which four HLIs in Tanzania were purposefully selected. The study uses a combination of de- sign science research approach and qualitative methods including grounded theory, document re- views, and observation. The respondents included university lecturers, students and ICT experts, who were selected for the interviews through theoretical sampling. The transcripts were loaded, coded and analyzed in NVIVO software. The results indicate that mobiles (smartphone, tablets, laptops, feature-phones etc.) are widely used in the HLIs. Stakeholders perceive that m-learning deployment is important and useful because it improves the quality of the learning experience. The results further indicate that there are financial, pedagogical, technological, infrastructural, individuals – and policy – related challenges that hinder successful deployment of m-learning in HLIs in Tanzania, such as limited network coverage, some students ́ inability to afford mobiles, lack of qualified staff for preparation of mobile content and administration, gaps in the exist- ing policies, and faulty course design. However, our results show that participants are optimistic about the potential of m-learning in the HLIs of Tanzania. They expect that m-learning will im- prove access to learning resources, teacher-student and student-student interaction without being restricted by time or place. Thus, m-learning is considered to have the potential to address issues of crowded classrooms, expertise, access to learning materials, flexibility of the learners as well as remote connectivity.

We recommend that HLIs should prioritize m-learning and commit resources to the success of the related projects. We also recommend that the governments and stakeholders provide policy interventions, subsidize mobile technologies, expand network coverage, build capacity within and outside HLIs, and improve digital literacy by integrating ICT education at all levels of education.

Key words: mobile learning, m-learning, mobile learning deployment, design science research, connectivism, critical theory of technology
TRC1 BÖLGESİNDE KAMU VE ÖZEL SAĞLIK İŞLETMELERİNDE ÖRGÜT İKLİMİ UNSURLARININ ÖRGÜTSEL BAĞLILIĞA ETKİLERİ
Authors: Yüksekbilgili Özgül
Published: August 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışma, sağlık işletmelerinde örgüt ikliminin çalışanların örgütsel bağlılığına etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bunun için, örgüt iklimi unsurlarının örgütsel bağlılık üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir.Yöntem: Araştırma anket tekniği ile yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini Adıyaman, Gaziantep ve Kilis illerinde faaliyet gösteren özel ve kamu yataklı sağlık işletmeleri oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini “Tabakalı Rasgele Örnekleme Yöntemi” ile seçilen 518 çalışan oluşturmuştur. TRC1 bölgesinde yapılan araştırmadaki sağlık kurumlarında görev alan katılımcıların örgüt iklimi ile örgütsel bağlılık arasında ilişki olup olmadığını saptamak üzere geliştirilen hipotezler Pearson-Korelasyon analizi aracılığıyla sınanmıştır.Bulgular: Analiz sonucunda %5 anlamlılık düzeyinde katılımcıların örgüt iklimi algılaması ile örgütsel bağlılık davranışları arasında orta düzeyde (r=0,394) bir ilişki bulunmaktadır.Sonuç: Örgüt ikliminin tüm boyutları ile örgütsel bağlılık arasında ilişki saptanmıştır.
IMPARCIALIDAD OBJETIVA Y CREACIÓN DE CAUSAS DE RECUSACIÓN NO EXPRESAMENTE MENCIONADAS EN LA LEY
Authors: Natarén Nandayapa Carlos Faustino
Published: August 2018

En el presente trabajo nos proponemos intentar un acercamiento al tema del derecho fundamental al juez imparcial como fundamento del reconocimiento jurisdiccional de causas de recusación no contenidas expresamente en la ley. Esta finalidad trataremos de alcanzarla a través del análisis de las propuestas de la doctrina española
y de la jurisprudencia, especialmente del análisis de dos pronunciamientos jurisdiccionales destacados, en primer término la sentencia del caso Castillo-Algar contra España, de 28 de octubre de 1998, número 863/1997, donde el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos condena al estado español, resolución que representa ur pronunciamiento reciente
que resume la posición del Tribunal de Estrasburgo sobre este tema, y por otro lado, de la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional 162/1999 de 27 de septiembre de 1999.

Como extranjero que intenta comprender las instituciones del proceso penal español el tema reviste mucho interés, y a pesar de que observamos que la doctrina española lleva ya camino andado sobre el tema, la afirmación de Montero Aroca, que la perfecta definición sobre este concepto es una vía importante para aclarar problemas de índole práctica
para las instituciones de la recusación u abstención esencialmente en casos que pueden parecer no exactamente encuadrables en alguno de los supuestos del artículo 219 de la Ley Orgánica del Poder Judicial, nos pareció muy razonable y motivó a emprender este trabajo.
LA AUTONOMÍA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL EN LA CONSTITUCIÓN Y EN LA LEY
Authors: García Ramírez Sergio
Published: August 2018

No ha sido fácil caracterizar la autonomía de las instituciones de educación pública superior. Somos “testigos —se ha escrito— (…) de las más enfáticas apelaciones a la autonomía de la
Universidad por las más diversas personas y en los lugares más variados, a propósito de las cuestiones más dispares”. Sigue ocurriendo.
Esto sucede con las expresiones que poseen, además de cierto significado gramatical, una pretensión más compleja, ambiciosa y penetrante. Autonomía es santo y seña, mito, convocatoria, programa, idea-fuerza que cada quien entiende a la luz —o a la sombra— de una circunstancia movediza. Es y se interpreta orteguianamente: la autonomía y su circunstancia.
VARIABLES QUE INCIDEN SOBRE LA COOPERACIÓN INTERNACIONAL AL PROCESO
Authors: Silva Jorge Alberto
Published: August 2018

Si la cooperación internacional al proceso significa ayuda o auxilio a un proceso que se sigue en el extranjero, entonces supone la existencia de una organización planeada y estructurada en la que participan personas y organismos que trabajan en torno a un fin común.
Por lo general, cuando las explicaciones de los juristas se refieren a la cooperación a un proceso extranjero, suelen enfocarse a los actos cooperacionales en sí, sin poner gran atención a la infraestructura requerida para realizar esos actos. Cuando atienden, por ejemplo, al exhorto o a la carta rogatoria, suelen referirse a los actos a realizar, como la obtención de la prueba o la entrega de la demanda, sin que les parezca importante destacar con qué cuenta el orden jurídico para satisfacer el acto pedido.
EL INSTITUTO FEDERAL ELECTORAL EN LA REFORMA QUE VIENE
Authors: Valero Ricardo
Published: August 2018

EN EL HORIZONTE nacional está planteada una nueva reforma política y no solamente por ser un tema recurrente en la información, en el debate y en la crónica de estos días sino, sobre todo, por las condiciones políticas e institucionales que prevalecen en México. Ha transcurrido, además, una década desde la última reforma de este género y no es que exista una regla de carácter cronológico que obligue a una reestructuración periódica pero se viven tiempos nublados, podría decirse con Octavio Paz, que obligan a una rigurosa y profunda revisión.
Con mayor o menor énfasis, todos los actores y protagonistas en el escenario político, en diversos términos y tonos, se han referido a la reforma e incluso están en curso planteamientos explícitos destinados al cumplimiento de este objetivo. Ayer mismo en el Senado de la República fue aprobada y votada una Ley para la Reforma del Estado que abre una vía
para ese proceso. Aunque ahora se pretende ocultar o minimizar, estamos en presencia de un desgaste institucional, de una falta o pérdida de confianza y de una atmósfera de encono y enfrentamiento que podría, en
cualquier momento, desbordarse y, hacer más hondo el conflicto y más costosa y difícil la reconciliación. En su sentido positivo, no debemos olvidar que, en nuestra experiencia reciente, el impulso reformista tuvo como trasfondo agudas crisis como las que tuvieron lugar en 1968, 1988 y 1994.
¿LA CIUDAD ESTÁ TRANQUILA? INMIGRACIÓN Y DERECHOS EN LA CRISIS DE LA “MUNDIALIZACIÓN FELIZ”
Authors: De Cabo Antonio , Pisarello Gerardo
Published: August 2018

El 30 aniversario de la Constitución española y el anuncio de un
“nuevo” Proyecto de Tratado “Constitucional” europeo brindan una ocasión propicia para reflexionar sobre el sentido del constitucionalismo y de los derechos humanos en un contexto muy particular: el desvanecimiento del mito de una “mundialización feliz” y la cruda evidencia de la deriva militarista y autoritaria del actual proceso de globalización neoliberal.
En el ámbito político-institucional, los discursos oficiales han reproducido la complacencia de los distintos “padres fundadores” en torno a su obra “civilizatoria”: la conquista del Estado de derecho, la democracia representativa y la libertad de mercado. Sin embargo, en la foto de celebración puede advertirse la presencia de un invitado incómodo que reúne todos los requisitos para convertirse en el perfecto aguafiestas: la inmigración pobre proveniente del sur y del este del planeta.
KAT’AXÍAN A CADA QUIEN LO SUYO
Authors: Bovero Michelangelo
Published: August 2018

La decisión de esta prestigiosa Facultad, de otorgarle a mi modesta persona la medalla “Isidro Fabela”, me honra más allá de cualquier expectativa. Al expresar mi más sincero y sentido agradecimiento, debo, antes que nada, confesar que me considero inadecuado a tanta honra.
La comparación con la estatura moral y la relevancia histórica de Isidro Fabela, cuyo nombre lleva este reconocimiento, me hace sentir pequeño.
Así como también la sólida fama de las personas premiadas anteriormente, me intimida.
EL RECURSO DE CONTROL DE LA LEGALIDAD DEL PROCESO LABORAL VENEZOLANO
Authors: Aponte Emercio José
Published: August 2018

Desde el 13 de agosto de 2002, fecha de la publicación en Gaceta Oficial de la Ley Orgánica Procesal del Trabajo, se incluyó dentro del ordenamiento procesal laboral venezolano un nuevo medio recursivo, conocido con el nombre de recurso de control de la legalidad, consagrado específicamente en los artículos 178 y 179 de la señalada Ley Orgánica.