bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in C/N-alkylation with alcohols through hydride transfer strategies
Authors: Jafarzadeh Mahdi , Sobhani Seyed Hasan , Gajewski Karol , Kianmehr Ebrahim
Published: September 2022

Recent advances in C/N alkylation using alcohols as alkylating reagents via hydrogen-shuttle methodologies: Borrowing Hydrogen, Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling, and Base-mediated Hydride Transfer.
Inverse vulcanization of trimethoxyvinylsilane particles
Authors: Grimm Alexander P. , Scheiger Johannes M. , Roesky Peter W. , Théato Patrick
Published: September 2022

Inverse vulcanization of trimethoxyvinylsilane microparticles and their application as heavy metal adsorbents for environmentally hazardous Hg2+ and Cu2+ ions.
Photo- and thermo-responsive supramolecular polymer networks via in situ polymerization using homoternary macrocyclic host with coumarin monomers in water
Authors: Kawano Shintaro , Nakano Kohei , Sato Hirofumi , Muraoka Masahiro , Shizuma Motohiro
Published: September 2022

Supramolecular polymer networks were constructed via in situ polymerization using host-guest-mediated homoternary system in water. Photo- and temperature-responsive properties can exhibit tailored viscoelasticity.
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence dendrimers achieving 20% external quantum efficiency for solution-processed OLEDs
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Yan Hao , He Yuting , Chai Yongshuai , Zhou Deyun
Published: September 2022

TADF dendrimers with a D–A–D structure, with multi-carbazole as the donor and di(pyridine-3-yl)methanone as the acceptor, are synthesized and their solution-processed OLEDs achieved a CEmaxof 52.6vs.27.0 cd A−1and an EQEmaxof 20.4%vs.9.2%.
Raman mapping of piezoelectric poly(l-lactic acid) films for force sensors
Authors: Babichuk Ivan S. , Lin Chubin , Qiu Yuhui , Zhu Huiyu , Ye Terry Tao , Gao Zhaoli , Yang Jian
Published: September 2022

Poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) is a synthetic, biocompatible, biodegradable polymer with good piezoelectric properties.
Copper(ii) complexes with 2-ethylpyridine and related hydroxyl pyridine derivatives: structural, spectroscopic, magnetic and anticancer in vitro studies
Authors: Malik Magdalena , Świtlicka Anna , Bieńko Alina , Komarnicka Urszula K. , Bieńko Dariusz C. , Kozieł Sandra , Kyzioł Agnieszka , Mazur Tomasz , Machura Barbara
Published: September 2022

Four solution-stable copper(ii) complexes of pyridine and pyridine-based alcohols were investigated by spectroscopic and thermal methods; the magnetic and anticancer properties were discussed as well.
Structural, electronic, magnetic and elastic properties of xenon-based fluoroperovskites XeMF3 (M = Ti, V, Zr, Nb) via DFT studies
Authors: Abdullah  , Sajjad Muhammad , Khan Umar Ayaz , Ullah Hamid , Alhodaib Aiyeshah , Amami Mongi , Tirth Vineet , Zaman Abid , Shazia
Published: September 2022

In this work, the structural, electronic, magnetic and elastic properties of the xenon-based fluoroperovskites XeMF3 (M = Ti, V, Zr, Nb) have been studied using density functional theory.
Preparation of polyethersulfone/magnesium silicate membranes via casting and electrospinning and their application in the removal of free fatty acids from biodiesel
Authors: Wang Xiao , Zhu Jiaxin , Xia Shuwei , Wang Haizeng
Published: September 2022

The casted and electrospun PES composite membranes showed ideal removal performance of free fatty acids. The electrospun membrane exhibited not only high adsorption capacity but also excellent reusability over 8 times of recycling.
Conjugated donor–acceptor substituted systems involving the 1,3-indandione-derived electron accepting moieties
Authors: Sigalov Mark , Mazor Royi , Ellern Arkady , Larina Nina , Lokshin Vladimir , Khodorkovsky Vladimir
Published: September 2022

Determination of barriers to rotation using the D-NMR technique within a series of push–pull derivatives sheds light on the inability of stronger acceptors to considerably increase the dipole moments and nonlinear optical response.
Flame retardant chloroprene rubbers with high tensile strength and elongation at break via dual cross-linked networks
Authors: Jiang Jianliang , Zhai Junxue , Kong Lingxin , Zhao Dongqi , Feng Yakai
Published: September 2022

Melamine cyanurate served as a reactive flame retardant crosslinker for chloroprene rubbers.
Development of a modular photoreactor for the upscaling of continuous flow photochemistry
Authors: Hermens Johannes G. H. , Lepage Mathieu L. , Kloekhorst Arjan , Keller Erik , Bloem Robin , Meijer Maurice , Feringa Ben L.
Published: September 2022

An easily-built, user-friendly modular photoreactor enables optimization and upscaling of flow photooxidation.
Measuring student motivation in foundation-level inorganic chemistry courses: a multi-institution study
Authors: Pratt Justin M. , Stewart Joanne L. , Reisner Barbara A. , Bentley Anne K. , Lin Shirley , Smith Sheila R. , Raker Jeffrey R.
Published: September 2022

The association between student motivation and learning, and changes in motivation across a course, were evaluated for students enrolled in one-semester foundation-level inorganic chemistry courses at multiple postsecondary institutions across the United States. The Academic Motivation Scale for Chemistry (AMS-Chemistry) and the Foundations of Inorganic Chemistry American Chemical Society Exam (i.e., a content knowledge measure) were used in this study. Evidence of validity, reliability, and longitudinal measurement invariance for data obtained from the AMS-Chemistry instrument with this population were found using methodologies appropriate for ordinal, non-parametric data. Positive and significant associations between intrinsic motivation measures and academic performance corroborate theoretical and empirical investigations; however, a lack of pre/post changes in motivation suggest that motivation may be less malleable in courses primarily populated by chemistry majors. Implications for inorganic chemistry instructors include paths for incorporating engaging pedagogies known to promote intrinsic motivation and methods for incorporating affect measures into assessment practices. Implications for researchers include a need for more work that disaggregates chemistry majors when evaluating relationships between affect and learning, and when making pre/post comparisons. Additionally, this work provides an example of how to implement more appropriate methods for treating data in studies using Likert-type responses and nested data.
Photocatalytic generation of a non-heme Fe(iii)-hydroperoxo species with O2 in water for the oxygen atom transfer reaction
Authors: Pugliese Eva , Vo Nhat Tam , Boussac Alain , Banse Frédéric , Mekmouche Yasmina , Simaan Jalila , Tron Thierry , Gotico Philipp , Sircoglou Marie , Halime Zakaria , Leibl Winfried , Aukauloo Ally
Published: September 2022

A photoinduced iron(III)-hydroperoxo intermediate (FeIII-OOH) was trapped by bypassing the charge accumulation process, that triggers the oxygen atom transfer reaction to an alkene with O2 as sole oxygen source in water.
A photo-oxidation driven proximity labeling strategy enables profiling of mitochondrial proteome dynamics in living cells
Authors: Wang He , Wang Zhiting , Gao Hang , Liu Jianhui , Qiao Zichun , Zhao Baofeng , Liang Zhen , Jiang Bo , Zhang Lihua , Zhang Yukui
Published: September 2022

A visible light-dependent strategy with high spatiotemporal precision for subcellular proteomics reveals mitochondrial proteome dynamics in a non-perturbed state, and elucidates the potential mechanism of neuroinflammation mediated by mitochondria.
Anion-exchange membranes with internal microchannels for water control in CO2 electrolysis
Authors: Petrov Kostadin V. , Bui Justin C. , Baumgartner Lorenz , Weng Lien-Chun , Dischinger Sarah M. , Larson David M. , Miller Daniel J. , Weber Adam Z. , Vermaas David A.
Published: September 2022

We developed and simulated an anion exchange membrane with internal microchannels to hydrate the membrane. This allows water-consuming reactions (such as CO2 electrolysis) without sacrificing membrane conductivity or ion crossover.
Coupling of PET waste electroreforming with green hydrogen generation using bifunctional catalyst
Authors: Li Ying , Lee Li Quan , Yu Zhi Gen , Zhao Hu , Zhang Yong-Wei , Gao Pingqi , Li Hong
Published: September 2022

Cobalt modified nickel phosphide nanosheet arrays on nickel foam (Co-Ni2P/NF) can be used as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for PET hydrolysate electroreforming-assisted water splitting, and achieve 10 mA cm−2 at a voltage of 1.43 V.
Plasmonic lipogels: driving co-assembly of composites with peptide-based gels for controlled drug release
Authors: Veloso Sérgio R. S. , Gomes Valéria , Mendes Sérgio L. F. , Hilliou Loic , Pereira Renato B. , Pereira David M. , Coutinho Paulo J. G. , Ferreira Paula M. T. , Correa-Duarte Miguel A. , Castanheira Elisabete M. S.
Published: September 2022

The incorporation of silica-coated gold nanorods and liposomes (storage units) into dehydropeptide-based hydrogels afforded peptide-based NIR light-responsive lipogels with tuneable and controlled release of hydrophilic drug model.
The effects of aluminum concentration on the microstructural and electrochemical properties of lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide
Authors: Moy Alexandra C. , Häuschen Grit , Fattakhova-Rohlfing Dina , Wolfenstine Jeffrey B. , Finsterbusch Martin , Sakamoto Jeff
Published: September 2022

LLZO is a promising solid-state electrolyte for Li-metal batteries. It is known that Al stabilizes the high conductivity cubic phase. In this study, the effect of Al concentration on the microstructure and electrochemical behavior was investigated.
d–p Orbital hybridization in RhSn catalyst boosts hydrogen oxidation reaction under alkaline electrolyte
Authors: Su Lixin , Zhao Yuanmeng , Jin Yiming , Fan Xinran , Liu Zeyu , Luo Wei
Published: September 2022

A RhSn/C catalyst with strong d–p orbital hybridization shows remarkable hydrogen oxidation reaction performance and reversible CO tolerance under alkaline electrolyte.
LIDA: The Leiden Ice Database for Astrochemistry
Authors: Rocha W. R. M. , Rachid M. G. , Olsthoorn B. , van Dishoeck E. F. , McClure M. K. , Linnartz H.
Published: September 2022

Context. High-quality vibrational spectra of solid-phase molecules in ice mixtures and for temperatures of astrophysical relevance are needed to interpret infrared observations toward protostars and background stars. Such data are collected worldwide by several laboratory groups in support of existing and upcoming astronomical observations. Over the last 25 yr, the Laboratory for Astrophysics at Leiden Observatory has provided more than 1100 (high-resolution) spectra of diverse ice samples.

Aims. In time with the recent launch of the James Webb Space Telescope, we have fully upgraded the Leiden Ice Database for Astrochemistry (LIDA) adding recently measured spectra. The goal of this paper is to describe what options exist regarding accessing and working with a large collection of infrared (IR) spectra, and the ultraviolet-visible (UV/vis) to the mid-infrared refractive index of H2O ice. This also includes astronomy-oriented online tools to support the interpretation of IR ice observations.

Methods. This ice database is based on open-source Python software, such as Flask and Bokeh, used to generate the web pages and graph visualization, respectively. Structured Query Language (SQL) is used for searching ice analogs within the database and Jmol allows for three-dimensional molecule visualization. The database provides the vibrational modes of molecules known and expected to exist as ice in space. These modes are characterized using density functional theory with the orca software. The IR data in the database are recorded via transmission spectroscopy of ice films condensed on cryogenic substrates. The real UV/vis refractive indices of H2O ice are derived from interference fringes created from the simultaneous use of a monochromatic HeNe laser beam and a broadband Xe-arc lamp, whereas the real and imaginary mid-IR values are theoretically calculated. LIDA not only provides information on fundamental ice properties, but it also offers online tools. The first tool, SPECFY, is directly linked to the data in the database to create a synthetic spectrum of ices towards protostars. The second tool allows the uploading of external files and the calculation of mid-infrared refractive index values.

Results. LIDA provides an open-access and user-friendly platform to search, download, and visualize experimental data of astrophysically relevant molecules in the solid phase. It also provides the means to support astronomical observations; in particular, those that will be obtained with the James Webb Space Telescope. As an example, we analysed the Infrared Space Observatory spectrum of the protostar AFGL 989 using the resources available in LIDA and derived the column densities of H2O, CO and CO2 ices.
Missing metals in DQ stars: A simple explanation
Authors: Blouin Simon
Published: September 2022

Classical DQ stars are white dwarfs whose atmospheres contain detectable traces of carbon brought up to the surface by a convective dredge-up process. Intriguingly, unlike other white dwarf spectral classes, DQ stars virtually never show signs of external pollution by elements heavier than carbon. In this Letter, we solve this long-standing problem by showing that the absence of detectable external pollution in DQ stars is naturally explained by the impact of metal accretion on the atmospheric structure of the white dwarf. A DQ star that accretes heavy elements sees its atmospheric density decrease, which leads to a sharp drop in the molecular carbon abundance and a strong suppression of the C2 Swan bands. We show that a typical DQ star that accretes heavy elements from planetary material generally transforms directly into a DZ star.
Retour sur le jeu sérieux : Initiation à la sécurité informatique des objets connectés
Authors: Fruchier Olivier , Egea Philippe , Bakali Faissal , Talbert Thierry
Published: September 2022

Lors de la 13eme édition du CETSIS, en 2018, nous avons présenté un jeu sérieux que nous avions mis en place [1]. Ce jeu sérieux a pour objectif de sensibiliser les étudiants à la sécurité informatique en utilisant des cartes raspberry pi. Nous avons conçu notre jeu sérieux sous la forme d’une enquête policière. Cette enquête conduit les étu-diants tout au long du scénario et les amène à avancer dans la résolution des problèmes étape par étape. Le jeu sérieux a été testé grandeur nature avec un binôme d'étudiants de Licence 3 Informatique et de Licence 3 Électronique en février 2019. Dans cet article nous reviendrons sur la présentation du jeu, le déroulement des séances, le retour des étudiants et les améliorations que nous avons apportées au jeu.
Enseigner les réseaux en EEA : approche par ludification
Authors: Josso-Laurain Thomas , Orjuela Rodolfo , Bolli Alain
Published: September 2022

Ce papier propose une manière alternative, originale et ludique d’enseigner les réseaux à des étudiants EEA. La problématique principale est d’adapter un enseignement d’une matière orientée CNU27ème à des étudiants aux compétences et centres d’intérêt proches de la CNU61ème. Dans un premier temps, l’adaptation des CM est présen-tée, avec l’introduction de nouveaux contenus EEA (codage…) et l’inclusion d’exemples liés aux systèmes embarqués. Ensuite, la modification des TD est détaillée, notamment à travers la ludification, l’introduction de mécaniques de jeu à des fins pédagogiques. Deux exemples illustrent l’approche par ludification, l’un avec une enquête policière, l’autre avec un jeu de plateau. Pour chaque exemple, la problématique est présentée, puis la solution proposée et les modalités d’implémentation. Les résultats obtenus et les témoignages des sujets sont analysés, montrant les bénéfices et les limites de l’approche proposée.
Objet Connecté Personnel : ObCP
Authors: Imbaud Joël , Vernier David , Abbé Philippe , Sthal Fabrice
Published: September 2022

Cet article présente la réalisation d’un Objet Connecté Personnel (ObCP) dans le cadre d’une formation ingénieur consacrée à la conception et réalisation d’objets connectés. Les étudiants réalisent leur ObCP en début de formation, l’utilisent pour réaliser leur projet d’option et le conservent à l’issue de la formation. L’ObCP est une carte basée sur un microcontrôleur STM32F411RE et un connecteur de carte additionnelle compatible arduino.
Concours CUBE2020 et réduction de l’impact environnemental du laboratoire IMS
Authors: Dejous Corinne , Alquier Benoît , Ferré Guillaume , Hirsch Lionel , Salotti Jean-Marc , Villesuzanne Patrick , Zimmer Thomas
Published: September 2022

Nous proposons une voie originale impliquant nos activités de recherche et d’enseignement pour réduire notre impact environnemental, par la participation du laboratoire IMS au concours national CUBE2020 (Concours Usages Bâtiment Efficace). Après une présentation générale du contexte, les travaux préparatoires menés en 2019 sont décrits, comportant l’instrumentation et une analyse technique et humaine, puis un plan d’action est proposé pour mener à bien ce projet au cours de l’année 2020. Le résultat du concours, rendu public en avril 2021, est donné en conclusion il est positif malgré la période particulière due à la pandémie de COVID 19.
Escape the ClassRoom : retour sur la création et utilisation d’escape game en TD pour les transmissions optiques
Authors: Goursaud Claire
Published: September 2022

Dans ce papier, une approche d’apprentissage ludo-pédagogique pour les transmissions optiques est présen-tée. Cela prend la forme d’un TD basé sur les escape game, à destination des élèves ingénieurs en 3eme année (L3) du département TC de l’INSA de Lyon. Les étapes de développement et de réflexion génériques sont développées, ainsi que sa réalisation et son analyse, afin d’alimenter les réflexions d’autres enseignants qui souhaiteraient employer la même approche dans d’autres contextes.
Système de vision neuro-inspirée : Application à la vision artificielle
Authors: Henniquau Dimitri , Falez Pierre , Devienne Philippe , Mailliot Christel Vanbesien , Vlandas Alexis , Cappy Alain , Hoel Virginie
Published: September 2022

L’architecture des systèmes numériques traditionnels est loin d’être optimale puisqu’un microprocesseur est tout autant une plaque chauffante qu’un calculateur (Intel Cooking [1]). Il devient donc urgent de proposer des architectures de traitement de l’information radicalement différentes, « neuro-inspirées », qui permettent d’apporter des fonctions cogni-tives aux solutions existantes. C’est ainsi que des neurones et synapses artificiels travaillant à faible tension d’alimentation ont été fabriqués, ce qui leur confère une très basse consommation d’énergie et une fabrication aisée. Ce stand montre à des jeunes lycéens et étudiants que l’utilisation de tels neurones et synapses dans un système de vision artificielle (capture et traitement d’images) conduira certainement à une forte amélioration des performances et, parallèlement, à une réduc-tion drastique de la consommation énergétique. Il s’agit d’une expérience pédagogique innovante, riche de nombreux supports variés, afin de transmettre aux jeunes générations les enjeux des activités de recherche qui se construisent dans les laboratoires de l’Université de Lille.
Présentation d’un Kit pédagogique complet pour l’enseignement des transmissions sur fibre optique.
Authors: Lefebvre Jean-Etienne , Corlay Patrick
Published: September 2022

L’objectif ultime est d’initier les étudiants à l’utilisation du réflectomètre optique pour caractériser et qualifier au regard des normes actuelles les transmissions sur fibres optiques. La démarche pédagogique, ici décrite, repose sur l’aspect connaissance de base puis sur la compréhension du réflectomètre. Nous avons créé un kit complet sur mesure composé d’un Cours avec des TD associés, d’une série de 3 TPs complémentaires, d’une vidéo (reportage de 45mn), et d’un ouvrage de référence. L’interaction entre les éléments de ce kit est présentée.
Une application originale de la régulation de systèmes : l’étalonnage du capteur de température d’un moteur électrique
Authors: Lequeu Thierry , Sadowniczyk Jean-Marie , Jacques Sébastien
Published: September 2022

Le véhicule électrique représente aujourd'hui une application pédagogique pluridisciplinaire. C'est pourquoi il est utilisé comme illustration dans les études de cas utilisées dans de nombreux cours de formation, notamment dans les instituts universitaires de technologie et dans les écoles d'ingénieurs. Dans cet article, nous proposons une application originale de l’apprentissage par la pratique de la régulation de systèmes industriels autour de l’importance de l’étalonnage du capteur de température d’un moteur électrique. Cette étude peut par exemple s’insérer dans les travaux pratiques d’automatique de la spécialité « Mesures Physiques » d’un Bachelor Universitaire de Technologie. Pour illustrer ce sujet, le moteur synchrone triphasé ME1117 de la société Motenergy caractérisé ici est inséré dans une enceinte (i.e. un four) contrôlée en température par un régulateur à logique floue. L’objectif est de garantir que la température fournie par le capteur du moteur électrique correspond bien à la température du bobinage. Cette information est essentielle, notamment dans le cadre de compétitions éducatives pour des véhicules tels que les karts électriques, afin de s'assurer que les performances du moteur ne sont pas dégradées.
Cholestatic Hepatitis Secondary to Epstein–Barr Virus Infection in Children: Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Erbaş Irem Ceren , Özlü Canan , Asrak Hatice Karaoğlu , Güzin Ayşe Çakıl , Belet Nurşen
Published: September 2022

Objective Cholestatic hepatitis (CH) secondary to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection is a rare clinical condition in children and adolescents, which was reported in 5% of patients. Herein, we aimed to present our pediatric cases of EBV-induced CH with a comprehensive review of previously reported patients.

Methods Three cases of EBV-induced CH diagnosed in our department were included in the study. EBV diagnosis was established with positive viral capsid antigen immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G. A search of English literature on pediatric cases with EBV-induced CH was conducted on common search engines (PubMed and GoogleScholar).

Results We report three novel cases (aged 6, 15, and 16 years) presented with infectious mononucleosis and jaundice. The physical examination revealed mild hepatomegaly in all of them. In our cases, a total of 21 pediatric patients with EBV-induced CH were reported until now (52.4% male), with a median age of 15 (1–18) years. Regarding all patients, the most common symptoms were fever (94.1%) and jaundice (84.6%). In laboratory results, aspartate aminotransferase [308 (62–2,148) IU/L], alanine aminotransferase [312 (79–899) IU/L], and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase [328.9 ± 198.6 IU/L] levels were elevated. Hyperbilirubinaemia was observed in all cases with a median direct bilirubin level of 3.9 (1.9–21.8) mg/dL. A thickened gallbladder wall was the most common (50%) finding in the abdominal ultrasonography of the cases. Most of the reported patients recovered under supportive treatment without any further morbidity.

Conclusions Although EBV-induced CH is an atypical presentation for children, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cholestasis. Supportive therapies are the mainstay of treatment in most of these cases.
Assessment of Serum Zinc and Selenium Levels in Children with COVID-19
Authors: Kirankaya Aysegul , Ozel Abdulrahman , Gayret Ozlem Bostan , Atici Adem , Tenekecigil Aslihan , Erol Meltem
Published: September 2022

Objective Zinc and selenium levels are being investigated with increasing frequency in adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, levels of zinc and selenium in children with COVID-19 have not been adequately studied to date.

Methods This prospective, observational study was conducted on 146 pediatric patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and 49 healthy controls between 2020 and 2021. Normal serum zinc reference values were 0.60 to 1.20 µg/mL for children 0 to 10 years old and 0.66 to 1.10 µg/mL for children ≥11 years old. The normal range for serum selenium concentration was considered between 70 and 150 µg/L. Deficiencies were defined for values below the reference range.

Results Zinc and selenium levels were significantly lower in the COVID-19 (+) group compared with the controls (zinc: 0.7 ± 0.2 vs 0.9 ± 0.2 µg/mL, p < 0.001; selenium: 57.1 ± 9.1 vs 66.5 ± 11.4 µg/L, p < 0.01, respectively). Also, zinc and selenium levels were found to be statistically significantly lower in the hospitalized group compared with the outpatient group (zinc: 0.6 ± 0.2 vs 0.8 ± 0.2 µg/mL, p < 0.001; selenium: 52.1 ± 9.6 vs 58.8 ± 8.3 µg/L, p < 0.001). In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, selenium levels with a cutoff value of 55.50 µg/L, with 75% sensitivity and 70% specificity, and zinc levels with a cutoff value of 0.7 µg/mL, with 56% sensitivity and 53% specificity, predicted hospitalization.

Conclusion Our data showed that serum zinc and selenium levels were significantly lower in patients with COVID-19 compared with healthy control group. Also, zinc and selenium levels were found to be lower in the hospitalized group compared with the outpatient COVID-19 group.
Voting with Their Thumbs: Assessing Communication Technology Use by Medical, Nursing, Midwifery, and Allied Health Clinicians
Authors: Lynch Doug , Jedwab Rebecca M. , Foster Joanne , Planche Yannick , Whitelaw Lucy , Shi Junyi , Rajagopalan Ashray , Franco Michael
Published: September 2022

Background Timely multidisciplinary communication is crucial to prevent patient harm related to miscommunication of clinical information. Many health care organizations provide secure communications systems; however, clinicians often use unapproved platforms on personal devices to communicate asynchronously.

Objective The aim of the study is to assess clinical communication behaviors by clinicians in a hospital setting.

Methods Medical, nursing and allied health staff working across seven hospital sites of a large health care organization were invited to complete an anonymous survey on the methods, behaviors, and rationale for clinical communication technology use. The survey included questions on communication methods used by clinicians for intra- and inter-disciplinary communication and sending and receiving clinical information or images. Demographics and qualitative comments were also collected.

Results A total of 836 surveys were completed (299 medical, 317 nursing, and 220 allied health staff). Staff in all clinical groups reported using an unapproved messaging platform to communicate patient information more than three times per day (medical staff n = 167, 55.9%; nursing staff n = 106, 33.4%; allied health staff n = 67, 30.5%). Not one medical staff member indicated they only use the approved methods (n = 0, 0%) while one-third of nursing and allied health respondents only used approved methods (n = 118, 37.2% and n = 64, 29.1%, respectively). All clinician groups reported wasted time from communications sent with missing information, or time spent waiting for responses for further information. Qualitative comments expressed dissatisfaction and frustration with current clinical communication methods and a desire for improved systems.

Conclusion Workarounds are being used by all clinician groups to send text and image clinical communications. There are high levels of dissatisfaction with this situation and clinicians are keen for consistency and to have the right tools available. There is a need to ensure standardized clinical communication methods and approved digital platforms are in place and utilized to provide safe, high-quality patient care.
Generalised seed mortality driven by heat shock in woody plants from Mediterranean Chile
Authors: Ocampo-Zuleta Korina , Gómez-González Susana , Paula Susana
Published: September 2022

Background Wildfires have shaped plant traits and ecosystems worldwide. Most research on the relevance of fire on plant evolution comes from Mediterranean-type ecosystems (MTEs), where a great proportion of the studied species have fire-stimulated germination. However, seed fire ecology is widely unknown for the woody flora of the Chilean matorral, the only MTE where natural fires are infrequent owing to the scarcity of non-anthropogenic ignition sources. Aim The study aimed to evaluate whether seed sensitivity to heat is generalised among the woody species of the matorral. Methods We performed heat shock experiments on the seeds of 21 woody plant species not previously assessed. These species and those from previous studies were classified according to their response as stimulated, tolerant and inhibited. The preponderance of any of these categories was statistically evaluated. Key results Exposure to 100°C for 5 min significantly decreased seed survival in all studied species. Conclusions Seed persistence to fire is less common than previously reported among woody plants from the Chilean MTE. Implications Increased wildfire events in the future may erode the genetic diversity of the Chilean flora. Germplasm banks may become crucial in post-fire restoration programs in this ecoregion, where the landscape has become increasingly flammable.
Foundations of atomic-level plasma processing in nanoelectronics
Authors: Arts Karsten , Hamaguchi Satoshi , Ito Tomoko , Karahashi Kazuhiro , Knoops Harm C M , Mackus Adriaan J M , (Erwin) Kessels Wilhelmus M M
Published: September 2022

This article discusses key elementary surface-reaction processes in state-of-the-art plasma etching and deposition relevant to nanoelectronic device fabrication and presents a concise guide to the forefront of research on plasma-enhanced atomic layer etching (PE-ALE) and plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD). As the critical dimensions of semiconductor devices approach the atomic scale, atomic-level precision is required in plasma processing. The development of advanced plasma processes with such accuracy necessitates an in-depth understanding of the surface reaction mechanisms. With this in mind, we first review the basics of reactive ion etching (RIE) and high-aspect-ratio (HAR) etching and we elaborate on the methods of PE-ALE and PE-ALD as surface-controlled processing, as opposed to the conventional flux-controlled processing such as RIE and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Second, we discuss the surface reaction mechanisms of PE-ALE and PE-ALD and the roles played by incident ions and radicals in their reactions. More specifically, we discuss the role of transport of ions and radicals, including their surface reaction probabilities and ion-energy-dependent threshold effects in processing over HAR features such as deep holes and trenches.
Nitrogen discharge characteristics and species kinetics in helicon plasma source
Authors: Zhang Tianliang , Cui Ruilin , Han Ruoyu , He Feng , Zhu Wanying , Xia Zhangyu , Cui Ying , Ouyang Jiting
Published: September 2022

Nitrogen (N2) helicon plasma is produced with radio frequency (RF) right-helical antenna at low pressures. Several wave modes and their transitions of N2 helicon discharge are observed experimentally. Blue Core phenomenon is achieved at high magnetic fields and high RF powers, with strong local blue light emissions of N II lines and high electron temperature inside the core area. Based on actinometric ratio and pressure balance model, species kinetics of N2 helicon plasma are analyzed. It is shown that about 79% of N2 molecules are dissociated and about 49% of the neutrals are ionized inside the Blue core in high magnetic field of 850 G and RF power of 2200 W. Nearly 99% of N2 molecules inside the core area are depleted considering the neutral density before and after discharge, from 7.3 × 1013 cm−3 to 6.5 × 1011 cm−3. Serious neutral depletion of N2 and N neutrals and high electron temperature are suggested to be the dominant causes for significant enhancement of central N II emissions (blue lights). Meanwhile, evolution of reaction processes indicates that N ionization and N+ excitation become dominant in BC mode. Besides, external magnetic field is an important factor to control the discharge mode transitions as well as the radial distributions of plasmas. From the calculated results of dispersion relation, the cavity mode resonance, rather than antenna coupling resonance, of helicon waves plays a dominant role on the wave mode formation and RF energy coupling between RF antenna and plasma. The mode transition results from excitation of helicon wave of higher axial eigenmode. N2 helicon plasma shows different characteristics from argon in mode transition, spectral emission and Blue Core formation. It is due to the high dissociation energy of N2 molecules (9.8 eV) and extensive dissociation and ionization processes. This results in a higher RF power as well as magnetic field for helicon wave coupled mode in N2 helicon plasma than that in Ar plasma.
Hysteresis dynamics of rare earth nickelates: unusual scaling exponent and asymmetric spinodal decomposition
Authors: Prajapati G L , Kundu Satyaki , Das Sarmistha , V V Tharun Dev , Rana D S
Published: September 2022

Understanding the dynamics of phase-transitions, interpretations of their experimental observations and their agreement with theoretical predictions continue to be a long-standing research interest. Here, we present detailed phase-transition dynamics of rare earth nickelates associated with its first-order metal–insulator transition. The thermal hysteresis shows absence of training effect and defies the Preisach model. A large phase-coexistence in insulating state during cooling suggests kinetically arrested glassy dynamics of the phase-transition. Experimentally derived hysteresis scaling exponent is much larger than the mean-field predicted universal value of 2/3. In the phase-coexistence region, the quench and hold measurement depicts higher stability of the metallic state compare to that of the insulating one; highlighting the manifestation of phase-coexistence via asymmetric spinodal decomposition. All these observations for nickelates are in stark contrast to the phase-transition dynamics of canonically similar vanadates but are closer to those of glasses, alloys. A substantial disagreement between the experiment and theory emphasizes the necessity to incorporate system-dependent details for the accurate interpretation of the experimental results.
Effect of annealing temperature on response time of ZnO photoconductor fabricated using thermal evaporation technique
Authors: C Rajkumar
Published: September 2022

ZnO has been deposited on SiO2/Si substrate using thermal evaporation technique. Further, the deposited ZnO thin film has been annealed at 400 °C, 600 °C, and 800 °C separately. The deposited ZnO thin films have been characterized using Ultraviolet-visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The deposited ZnO thin films have multiphase structures of ZnO such as hexagonal, unknown and cubic. UV-visible spectra of deposited films show absorbance edges in UV and visible regions. The average particle size of non-annealed ZnO is ∼60 nm, whereas annealed ZnO (at 800 °C) is ∼124 nm. The average surface roughness of ZnO sample annealed at 800 °C is lower than that of non-annealed ZnO sample and ZnO samples annealed at 400 °C and 600 °C. Sputtering technique has been used to make gold contact on ZnO film for testing the photoconductivity property. The rise time of ZnO photoconductor annealed at 800 °C (Tr = 0.04 s) is very fast as compared to that of all other ZnO photoconductors prepared using non-annealed ZnO sample and ZnO samples annealed at 400 °C and 600 °C.
ATOCA: an Algorithm to Treat Order Contamination. Application to the NIRISS SOSS Mode
Authors: Darveau-Bernier Antoine , Albert Loïc , Talens Geert Jan , Lafrenière David , Radica Michael , Doyon René , Cook Neil J. , Rowe Jason F. , Allart Romain , Artigau Étienne , Benneke Björn , Cowan Nicolas , Dang Lisa , Espinoza Néstor , Johnstone Doug , Kaltenegger Lisa , Lim Olivia , Pauly Tyler , Pelletier Stefan , Piaulet Caroline , Roy Arpita , Roy Pierre-Alexis , Splinter Jared , Taylor Jake , Turner Jake D.
Published: September 2022

After a successful launch, the James Webb Space Telescope is preparing to undertake one of its principal mission objectives, the characterization of the atmospheres of exoplanets. The Single Object Slitless Spectroscopy (SOSS) mode of the Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) is the only observing mode that has been specifically designed for this objective. It features a wide simultaneous spectral range (0.6–2.8 μm) through two spectral diffraction orders. However, due to mechanical constraints, these two orders overlap slightly over a short range, potentially introducing a “contamination” signal in the extracted spectrum. We show that for a typical box extraction, this contaminating signal amounts to 1% or less over the 1.6–2.8 μm range (order 1), and up to 1% over the 0.85–0.95 μm range (order 2). For observations of exoplanet atmospheres (transits, eclipses or phase curves) where only temporal variations in flux matter, the contamination signal typically biases the results by order of 1% of the planetary atmosphere spectral features strength. To address this problem, we developed the Algorithm to Treat Order ContAmination (ATOCA). By constructing a linear model of each pixel on the detector, treating the underlying incident spectrum as a free variable, ATOCA is able to perform a simultaneous extraction of both orders. We show that, given appropriate estimates of the spatial trace profiles, the throughputs, the wavelength solutions, as well as the spectral resolution kernels for each order, it is possible to obtain an extracted spectrum accurate to within 10 ppm over the full spectral range.
Shadows and observational appearance of a new family of Ayón-Beato-García black holes
Authors: Mou Ping-Hui , Chen Yun-Xian , He Ke-Jian , Li Guo-Ping
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we study the shadows and observational appearance of the Ayón-Beato-García (ABG) black hole, which is surrounded by a thin disk accretion. For a four-dimensional ABG black hole, as the charge q increases, the event horizon r
+, radius r

p
and impact parameter b

p
of the photon sphere decrease, while the maximum value of effective potential V
eff increases. However, as the term γ associated with nonlinear electrodynamics increases, the related physical quantities r
+, r

p
and b

p
increase, but the maximum value of V
eff decreases. When the light ray reaches the vicinity of the ABG black hole, one can observe the trajectories of the light rays appearing as three types, i.e., direct emission, lens ring and photon ring. Furthermore, the shadows and the observational appearance of the ABG black hole are studied. The results show that the charge q and the term γ have a great influence on the shape and intensity of the black hole shadow. When the relevant state parameters change or the emission model changes, it can be argued that it is the direct emission that plays a decisive role in the total observed intensity of the ABG black hole, while the contribution of the lens ring to the total observed intensity is small and the photon ring makes almost no contribution.
Evaluation of edge transport and core accumulation of tungsten for CFETR with EMC3-EIRENE and STRAHL
Authors: Liu B. , Dai S.Y. , Yang X.D. , Chan V.S. , Ding R. , Zhang H.M. , Feng Y. , Wang D.Z.
Published: September 2022

The edge transport and core accumulation of tungsten (W) particles on China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) have been studied by integrated modelling consisting of EMC3-EIRENE and STRAHL codes. The edge transport and power dissipation of W particles are simulated by EMC3-EIRENE. An in–out asymmetry of W(1–28)+ ions density has been revealed in the in- and out-board divertor regions. This is mainly due to the stronger reversal flow velocity of W ions at the outboard divertor. The upward flow of W ions near the separatrix leads to a moderate W impurity leakage from the divertor on CFETR compared to the existing full W device ASDEX Upgrade due to the high plasma density near the CFETR divertor targets. Further, the density distribution and radiation loss of W ions in the core region are investigated by STRAHL code. The high charge-state W(29–60)+ and W(61–74)+ ions mainly reside in the regions of ΨN = 0.20–0.98 and 0.00–0.90 (ΨN is the normalized poloidal magnetic flux), respectively. The W induced energy dissipation in different regions is assessed according to both STRAHL and EMC3-EIRENE simulations. Particularly, the impacts of the W core radiation on the operation regime are discussed according to the H-mode threshold scaling law proposed by Martin et al (2008 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
123 012033) for the baseline plasma on CFETR. Further, parameter studies on the pinch velocity (v
imp) and diffusion coefficient (D
imp) have been performed to check their impacts on the operation regime of CFETR. A three-fold increase of v
imp/D
imp results in a higher W core energy loss, which can lead to the transition from H-mode back to L-mode.
Free-plasma-boundary solver for axisymmetric ideal MHD equilibria with flow
Authors: F-Torija Daza G. , Reynolds-Barredo J.M. , Sanchez R. , Loarte A. , Huijsmans G.
Published: September 2022

An efficient iterative, free-plasma-boundary solver for the Grad–Shafranov–Bernoulli system of equations, that describes the ideal MHD equilibrium of a toroidally axisymmetric plasma with flow, is presented. The code implements a numerical scheme recently developed in the context of free-plasma-boundary solvers for ideal static MHD equilibria with magnetic islands and stochastic regions for stellarators. The shape of the plasma edge is permitted to change as needed until the total net force eventually vanishes en route to the equilibrium. Complex coil configurations can be treated in the toroidally axisymmetric approximation. The code opens the possibility of quantifying the changes that plasma flows may induce on important features of a tokamak equilibrium such as the shape of the plasma edge, the plasma confining volume, the position of the magnetic axis or the position of the X-point, among others. Some examples, selected for illustrative purposes, are shown for the ITER baseline magnetic configuration.
Pulse identification and shape analysis by derivative-based peak detection using a Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Vecchio G. , Amaducci S. , Cosentino L. , Finocchiaro P.
Published: September 2022

The shape analysis of electrical pulses is a well-established technique adopted in the experiments of nuclear physics, in particular to identify the particles revealed by the detectors. The advent of the signal digitization has led to easier and more accurate Pulse Shape Analysis to measure the physical quantities embedded in each pulse (rise time, widths, slopes, etc.) that allow to trace back to the properties of the detected particles. In case of significant noise overlapping the pulses, a strategy aimed at its reduction is usually achieved in the frequency domain by appropriate Fourier and Wavelet transforms. The drawback of this approach is represented by the noise harmonics overlapping the signals, the filtering of which can alter the embedded physical contents in the pulses and affect the particle discrimination performances. An alternative technique is represented by the neural network algorithms that can perform pulse shape analysis even in the presence of a significant amount of noise, thus ensuring high recognition efficiency and high spectroscopy performances without the need of signal filtering. In this paper we describe a new technique based on Convolutional Neural Networks to recognize and analyze the output signals of charge preamplifiers fed by silicon detectors.
Assessment of ecological water scarcity in China
Authors: Liu Kewei , Cao Wenfang , Zhao Dandan , Liu Shuman , Liu Junguo
Published: September 2022

The increasing water use for human activities is threatening the health of ecosystems. Most previous studies on water scarcity mainly centered on human society. In this study, we developed a new indicator, ecological water scarcity (WSeco), that considers water quantity, water quality, and environmental flow requirements. WSeco was assessed at the provincial level in China. The results show that northern China suffered more severe WSeco than southern China. In addition, the WSeco level decreased in 65% of provinces from 2016 to 2019, implying the great achievement of China’s effort in saving water and reducing pollution. The main driving factor of WSeco in most provinces was pollution rather than human water use. The findings of this study demonstrate the spatial distribution, temporal dynamics, and driving factors of WSeco in China. The results can be used to guide efforts for ecological restoration and sustainable water management in different regions.
Development of non-adherent cell-enclosing domes with enzymatically cross-linked hydrogel shell
Authors: Kazama Ryotaro , Sato Ryuta , Fujiwara Hiroyuki , Qu Yanfei , Nakahata Masaki , Kojima Masaru , Fujita Satoshi , Sakai Shinji
Published: September 2022

Non-adherent cells, such as hematopoietic cells and lymphocytes, are important research subjects in medical and biological fields. Therefore, a system that enables the handling of non-adherent cells in solutions in the same manner as that of adhering cells during medium exchange, exposure to chemicals, washing, and staining in imaging applications would be useful. Here, we report a ‘Cell Dome’ platform in which non-adherent cells can be enclosed and grown in the cavities of about 1 mm diameter and 270 μm height. The domes consist of an alginate-based hydrogel shell of 90 μm thickness. Cell Domes were formed on glass plates by horseradish peroxidase-mediated cross-linking. Human leukaemia cell line K562 cells enclosed in Cell Domes were stable for 29 days with every 2–3 days of medium change. The enclosed cells grew in the cavities and were stained and differentiated with reagents supplied from the surrounding medium. Additionally, K562 cells that filled the cavities (a 3D microenvironment) were more hypoxic and highly resistant to mitomycin C than those cultured in 2D. These findings demonstrate that the ‘Cell Dome’ may be a promising tool for conveniently culturing and evaluating non-adherent cells.
Reduced interfacial recombination in perovskite solar cells by structural engineering simulation
Authors: Prasanna J Lakshmi , Goel Ekta , Kumar Amarjit , Kumar Atul
Published: September 2022

This theoretical study performed configurational optimization of heterojunction perovskite solar cells to minimize internal recombination through simulation. Interfacial recombination at the absorber-electron transport layer (ETL) junction is one of the prime sources of recombination in perovskite solar cell devices. Carrier density control in the vicinity of interfaces across absorber/ETL junction lowers the interfacial recombination. We explore various design alterations to achieve this condition, such as (a) restricting the majority carrier at the interface or asymmetric doping at perovskite/ETL interfaces, (b) widening the absorber bandgap at the interface, (c) donor interfacial defect at perovskite/ETL junction, (d) high rear doping of hole transport layer at back contact. We investigated the feasibility of these structural optimizations for lowering the overall internal recombination through the device. We achieved an optimized device by incorporating all these methods, which have improved efficiency, fill factor, and V
OC by 38.61%, 5.5% and 21.69%, respectively, over the benchmark device. The optimized perovskite structure may provide valuable guidelines to experimentalists for achieving the high efficiency of the perovskite solar cells.