bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
’n Retoriese analise van Romeine 9:1–10:4
Authors: Snyman A.H.
Published: June 2015

Die artikel is ’n poging om Paulus se retoriese strategie uit die teks self te rekonstrueer, eerder as om ’n klassieke of moderne retoriese model op die teks toe te pas. ’n Voorstel virso ’n teksgesentreerde benadering word kortliks opgesom, gevolg deur ’n beskrywing van die retoriese situasie wat Paulus in die brief wil ondersoek. Daar word geargumenteer dat Romeine 9:1–10:4 ’n integrale deel van Paulus se retoriese strategie vorm met die doel om sy gehoor te oortuig om sy siening van God se verlossingsplan, asook sy beoogde sending na Spanje te steun. In die proses van oorreding gebruik hy verskillende soorte argumente en retoriese tegnieke om die trefkrag van sy kommunikasie te verhoog. Die gevolgtrekkingis dat ’n teksgesentreerde benadering (met fokus op die funksionele aspekte van die teks) ’n beter alternatief as die bestaande benaderings (met fokus op die formele aspekte van die teks) bied.A rhetorical analysis of Romans 9:1-10:4. This article is an attempt to reconstruct Paul’s rhetorical strategy from the text itself, rather than applying ancient or modern rhetorical models to his letters. A proposal for such a text-centred approach is briefly summarised, followed by a discussion of the rhetorical situation that Paul wants to address in this letter. It is argued that Romans 9:1–10:4 forms an integral part of his rhetorical strategy, aimed at persuading his audience in Rome to support his view on God’s plan of salvationas well as his forthcoming mission to Spain. In the process of persuasion Paul uses various types of argument and rhetorical techniques to enhance the impact of his communication.The conclusion is that a text-centred approach (with its focus on the functional aspects of the text) provides a better alternative to existing approaches (which focus on the formal aspects of the text).
Combination of PAPPA, fhCGβ, AFP, PIGF, sTNFR1, and Maternal Characteristics in Prediction of Early-onset Preeclampsia
Authors: Yliniemi Anna , Makikallio Kaarin , Korpimaki Teemu , Kouru Heikki , Marttala Jaana , Ryynanen Markku
Published: June 2015

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of first-trimester markers–-pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPPA), free human chorionic gonadotropin β (fhCGβ), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), placental growth factor (PlGF), and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (sTNFR1) together with maternal characteristics (MC) for prediction of early-onset preeclampsia (EOPE).

Methods

During 2005-2010, the abovementioned biomarkers were analyzed with logistic regression analysis in 64 EOPE and 752 control subjects to determine whether these biomarkers separately and in combination with MC would predict development of EOPE.

Results

PAPPA, fhCGβ, and PlGF levels were lower, whereas AFP and sTNFR1 levels were higher in mothers with EOPE compared to controls. The combination of all markers with MC (age, weight, and smoking status) detected 48% of the mothers with EOPE, with a 10% false-positive rate (FPR).

Conclusions

First-trimester maternal serum levels of PAPPA, fhCGβ, AFP, PlGF, and sTNFR1, together with MC, are predictive of development of subsequent EOPE. These markers, along with MC, form a suitable panel for predicting EOPE.
Precipitation delivery trajectories associated with extreme river flow for the Waitaki River, New Zealand
Authors: Kingston D. G. , McMecking J.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Analysis of large-scale climate conditions associated with extreme river flow is an important first step in the development of predictive relationships for such events. The potential of this approach is demonstrated here for the Waitaki River (a river of national importance in terms of electricity generation), in the Southern Alps of New Zealand. Here, atmospheric circulation anomalies and air parcel trajectories associated with such events are investigated for the period 1960–2010, using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and HYSPLIT trajectory model. Results show that atmospheric circulation variation and air parcel trajectories associated with extreme high Waitaki river flow events typically follow two distinct patterns. These patterns are associated with differences in both New Zealand- and hemispheric-scale atmospheric circulation, but all occur under a similar pattern of monthly average pressure anomalies. As such, the results indicate that different precipitation generation mechanisms are captured by a single monthly climate anomaly pattern – providing substantial new understanding of the cascade of processes linking atmospheric to surface hydrological variation in the Southern Alps, and pointing the direction for future process-informed research on sources of predictability for Waitaki river flow.
An assessment of danger during spring floods and ice jams in the north of European Russia
Authors: Frolova N. L. , Agafonova S. A. , Krylenko I. N. , Zavadsky A. S.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Heavy ice jams during spring floods are common on rivers in the northern European Russia. Climate changes of the last decades have caused significant changes in the ice regime of rivers. Continuous freezing periods, followed by sludge ice jams and late freezing at high water levels, occur with increasing frequency. Winter break-ups have become more frequent. The most recent catastrophic flood in the area under study took place in the spring of 2013. The probability of floods and ice jamming is evaluated; the duration and depth of inundation at various water levels are calculated with an assessment of the accompanying economic losses in the Northern Russia.
Climate noise effect on uncertainty of hydrological extremes: numerical experiments with hydrological and climate models
Authors: Gelfan A. N. , Semenov V. A. , Motovilov Yu. G.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. An approach has been proposed to analyze the simulated hydrological extreme uncertainty related to the internal variability of the atmosphere ("climate noise"), which is inherent to the climate system and considered as the lowest level of uncertainty achievable in climate impact studies. To assess the climate noise effect, numerical experiments were made with climate model ECHAM5 and hydrological model ECOMAG. The case study was carried out to Northern Dvina River basin (catchment area is 360 000 km2), whose hydrological regime is characterised by extreme freshets during spring-summer snowmelt period. The climate noise was represented by ensemble ECHAM5 simulations (45 ensemble members) with identical historical boundary forcing and varying initial conditions. An ensemble of the ECHAM5-outputs for the period of 1979–2012 was used (after bias correction post-processing) as the hydrological model inputs, and the corresponding ensemble of 45 multi-year hydrographs was simulated. From this ensemble, we derived flood statistic uncertainty caused by the internal variability of the atmosphere.
Decreasing flood risk perception in Porto Alegre – Brazil and its influence on water resource management decisions
Authors: Allasia D. G. , Tassi R. , Bemfica D. , Goldenfum J. A.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Porto Alegre is the capital and largest city in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul in Southern Brazil with approximately 1.5 million inhabitants. The city lies on the eastern bank of the Guaiba Lake, formed by the convergence of five rivers and leading to the Lagoa dos Patos, a giant freshwater lagoon navigable by even the largest of ships. This river junction has become an important alluvial port as well as a chief industrial and commercial centre. However, this strategic location resulted in severe damage because of its exposure to flooding from the river system, affecting the city in the years 1873, 1928, 1936, 1941 and 1967. In order to reduce flood risk, a complex system of levees and pump stations was implemented during 1960s and 1970s. Since its construction, not a single large flood event occurred. However, in recent years, the levees in the downtown region of Porto Alegre were severally criticized by city planners and population. Several projects have been proposed to demolish the Mauá Wall due to the false perception of lack of flood risk. Similar opinions and reactions against flood infrastructure have been observed in other cities in Brazil, such as Itajaí and Blumenau, with disastrous consequences. This paper illustrates how the perception of flood risk in Porto Alegre has changed over recent years as a result of flood infrastructure, and how such changes in perceptions can influence water management decisions.
Unjust noise
Authors: Voice Paul
Published: June 2015

In this paper I argue that noise is a significant source of social harm and thoseharmed by noise often suffer not merely a misfortune but an injustice. I arguethat noise is a problem of justice in two ways; firstly, noise is a burden of socialcooperation and so the question of the distribution of this burden arises. And,secondly, some noises, although burdensome, are nevertheless just becausethey arise from practices that are ‘reasonable’. I offer a number of distinctions,between necessary and unnecessary noise, between public and private noiseand between reasonable and unreasonable noise. What justice requires willdiffer according to what kind of noise we consider. My purpose is to give normativeurgency to the problem of noise by understanding certain instances ofit as not merely annoyances and nuisances but instances of injustice.
Etikk på kollisjonskurs – når forvaltningsetikk og forskningsetikk møtes
Authors: Otterlei Jill Beth , Skorstad Berit
Published: June 2015

Artikkelen er en analyse av to formaliserte etiske retningslinjer som skal gjelde i norske akademiske institusjoner. Den ene er utarbeidet for forvaltningen og den andre for forskningen. Analysen gjøres ved å sammenligne to dokumenter som inneholder etiske retningslinjer. Videre knyttes analysen til ulike «etos» som skiller forvaltningen og forskningen. Artikkelen går særlig inn på normene lydighet og frihet, som framstår som mest motsetningsfylte når de «møtes» i akademia. Det drøftes hvordan dette påvirker legitimiteten til akademia.Nøkkelord: akademia, byråkrati, etos, forskningsetikk, forvaltningsetikkEnglish summary: Ethics on a collision course – when bureaucratic ethics and research ethics meetThe article is an analysis of two formal ethical guidelines for Norwegian academic institutions. One is prepared for the governmental bureaucracy and the other is research ethics. The analysis is done by comparing two documents containing the code of conduct for each field. Further analysis is related to the differing «ethos» that separates the bureaucracy from the research. The article dwells on the norms of obedience and freedom that emerge as the most contradictory. The closing discussion is on how this affects the legitimacy of academia.
Peoples’ right to self-determination and self-governance over natural resources: Possible and desirable?
Authors: Haugen Hans Morten
Published: June 2015

he article combines Elinor Ostrom’s design principles for common-pool resources and human rights provisions, including subsequent clarifications and jurisprudence. It analyses whether stronger local self-governance, embedded in the natural resource dimension of peoples’ rights to self-determination is a recommendable approach. Two changes in understanding are noted. First, the universal approval of indigenous peoples’ right to self-determination as specified in the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Second, the wide endorsement of the specific principle of free and prior informed consent (FPIC). As the exercise of peoples’ rights to self-determination is done on a collective level, it is important to have awareness of whether particularly affected and marginalized households and individuals are included or not included in the decision-making process. The article then reviews a range of new instruments adopted by the OECD and the UN for improved human rights awareness and compliance in the context of economic investments. The article finds that these instruments are still underutilized. Finally, the article identifies the role of human rights in bilateral investment treaties (BITs). It finds that there are less jurisdictional restrictions – as many treaties have a wide understanding of applicable law – than cognitive restrictions – as human rights competence is rarely sought when establishing tribunals mandated to solve investments disputes.
SERVICE LEVEL IN MODEL OF INVENTORY LOCATION WITH STOCHASTIC DEMAND
Authors: Bieniek Milena
Published: June 2015

In this paper we consider the influence of the safety factor on the decision of the inventory location. This decision is done based on the model which centralizes or decentralizes the safety stock. In this model we have to choose between the location of the inventory in the regional warehouses or the location in the central warehouse. The decision is made due to the minimizing the holding costs and the supply costs of the safety stock from the central warehouse to the customer. The main assumption is that the customers have the stochastic demands on the inventory items. Moreover, the customers’ demands have the known distribution with the known parameters. The complex analysis of the influences of possible probabilistic demands' distributions on the safety factors is conducted. The numerical computations for the safety factors used in the facility location model are also presented. In numerical examples we take into considerations the demands’ distributions the most often used in practice like the normal, the Poisson, the Gamma and the exponential distribution. Some graphs for the safety factors of these distributions are also drawn. Moreover for the mentioned demands’ distributions the model of the safety stock location depends on the specific factors. Among other things these factors are the mean and the variance of the demand, the number of the regional warehouses, the assumed service level, and some cost factors like the holding costs and the transportation costs. Some graphs which illustrated the dependence of the model elements on some listed before parameters are presented and their influence on the location decision is studied also.
Comparative analysis of heterogeneity of primary photosynthe-tic processes within fruticose lichen thalli: Preliminary study of interspecific differences ( Short Communication )
Authors: Conti Stefano , Hazdrová Jana , Hájek Josef , Očenášová Petra , Barták Miloš , Skácelová Kateřina , Adamo Paola
Published: June 2015

Two species of fruticose lichens from different habitats and of distinct color, Usnea antarctica and Stereocaulon vesuvianum, were compared using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging in order to study the distribution of primary photosynthetic processes within the thalli. The thallus of U. antarctica is yellow with black tips: in this species chlorophyll containing cells were mostly located in the middle region of the thallus and the highest PS II efficiency was detected in the middle to basal region, as shown by the FV/FM and ΦPSII values. No chlorophyll fluorescence was detected in the apical part of the thallus, indicating that little or no photosynthesis takes place in these tissues. The lichen S. vesuvianum is homogeneously pale grayish green and chlorophyll containing cells are distributed along the thallus with maximum concentration in the middle region. In S. vesuvianum, the highest PS II efficiency was detected in the apical to middle region of the thallus, while the basal portion was found to have the lowest efficiency of primary photochemical reactions. Quenching analysis data confirmed the uneven patterns of primary photosynthetic processes within the thalli of these fruticose lichens.
Open Access Status of Nano ELSI Research: Determining Availability of a Core Collection of Research for a Disciplinary Repository
Authors: Reznik-Zellen Rebecca , Adamick Jessica
Published: June 2015

INTRODUCTION The development and maintenance of a disciplinary repository is a high cost, long-term project; therefore, it is important to investigate the feasibility of the proposed resource. This paper explores whether an emerging discipline can support the development of a disciplinary repository by evaluating the availability of scholarship and scholarly communication trends within the nanotechnology and emerging technology ethical, legal, and societal issues research (Nano ELSI) domain. METHODS In this study, journal articles produced through Spring 2013 by two large National Science Foundation Centers for Nanotechnology and Society at the University of California Santa Barbara and Arizona State University are evaluated for both potential and actual availability through open access publishing and author self-archiving. RESULTS While only 14% of articles in this collection have been published openly in open access or hybrid open access journals, over two thirds (85%) have been published in journals that support author self-archiving of some version of the manuscript in institutional or disciplinary repositories. The actual full-text open availability of 48% of total articles in the set demonstrates that there is a strong inclination among this community to share research products. CONCLUSION The availability of a core collection of materials and an understanding of scholarly communication conventions within the domain support the development of a centralized resource.
Kentucky physicians call rewrite of buprenorphine rules onerous
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: August 2024

At a time when restrictions on the prescribing of buprenorphine have been relaxed nationally in order to expand access to evidence‐based treatment, a group of physicians in Kentucky has expressed concern that state regulators are dangerously moving in the opposite direction.
Unveiling the Role of Additive Molecular Characteristics in Regulating Chlorine Loss and Phase Distribution for Blue Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Hu Xin‐Mei , Shen Yang , Feng Shi‐Chi , Su Zhen‐Huang , Zhang Kai , Cao Long‐Xue , Wang Bing‐Feng , Gao Xingyu , Tang Jian‐Xin , Li Yan‐Qing
Published: August 2024

Perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have garnered extraordinary attention in displaying field owing to their excellent luminescence properties. Although exogenous additives are extensively employed for optimizing PeLEDs, their comprehensive regulation including side effects still lacks in‐depth study. Here for the first time, it is demonstrated that the deprotonation degree of additives significantly influences the performance of blue PeLEDs. Benzenesulfonic acid (BSA) and ammonium benzenesulfonate (ABS) with similar molecular structures while distinctly different acid dissociation constants (pKa) are used for modifying blue perovskites. By comparison, high‐pKa ABS holds greater potential in boosting device performance, contributing to an improved peak external quantum efficiency of 18.8%. This discrepancy is ascribed to the fact that low‐pKa BSA is prone to induce prominent perovskite chlorine loss owing to its intense deprotonation, while high‐pKa ABS significantly suppresses chlorine vacancy formation. Meanwhile, the adsorption energy of organic spacer onto perovskite is greatly reduced due to the strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding with ABS, contributing to a concentrated phase arrangement for smooth exciton energy transfer. Additionally, ABS modification further suppresses trap‐mediated nonradiative recombination by coordinating with the undercoordinated lead (II) ions at grain boundaries. This work provides valuable guidelines for optimizing additive screening toward high‐performance blue PeLEDs.
Toward Thin‐Film Laser Diodes with Metal Halide Perovskites
Authors: Goldberg Iakov , Elkhouly Karim , Annavarapu Nirav , Hamdad Sarah , Gonzalez Maider Calderon , Genoe Jan , Gehlhaar Robert , Heremans Paul
Published: August 2024

Metal halide perovskite semiconductors hold a strong promise for enabling thin‐film laser diodes. Perovskites distinguish themselves from other non‐epitaxial media primarily through their ability to maintain performance at high current densities, which is a critical requirement for achieving injection lasing. Coming in a wide range of varieties, numerous perovskites delivered low‐threshold optical amplified spontaneous emission and optically pumped lasing when combined with a suitable optical cavity. A progression toward electrically pumped lasing requires the development of efficient light‐emitting structures with reduced optical losses and high radiative efficiency at lasing‐level current densities. This involves a set of important trade‐offs in terms of material choice, stack and waveguide design, as well as resonator integration. In this Perspective, the key milestones are highlighted that have been achieved in the study of passive optical waveguides and light‐emitting diodes, and these learnings are translated toward more complex laser diode architectures. Finally, a novel resonator integration route is proposed that is capable of relaxing optical and electrical design constraints.
Atomic and Molecular Layer Deposition of Functional Thin Films Based on Rare Earth Elements
Authors: Ghazy Amr , Zanders David , Devi Anjana , Karppinen Maarit
Published: August 2024

High‐quality rare earth element (R) based thin films are in demand for applications ranging from (opto)electronics and energy conversion/storage to medical diagnostics, imaging and security technologies. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) offers large‐area homogeneous and conformal ultrathin films and is uniquely suited to address the requirements set by the potential applications of R‐based thin films. The history starts from the 1990s, when the first electroluminescent R‐doped thin films were grown with ALD. The interest soon expanded to rare earth element oxide layers as high‐k gate dielectrics in semiconductor devices, and later to complex ternary and quaternary perovskite oxides with novel functional properties. The most recent advancements related to the combined atomic/molecular layer deposition (ALD/MLD) have rapidly expanded the family of R‐organic hybrid materials with intriguing luminescence and up‐conversion properties. This review provides up‐to‐date insights to the current state of ALD and ALD/MLD research of R‐based thin films and highlights their application potential.
Contribution of alpha‐synuclein pathology to cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with amnestic MCI
Authors: Abu‐Rumeileh Samir , Arajyan Garegin , Reiman Eric M. , Otto Markus , Weise Christopher M. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION

The in vivo detection of mixed Alzheimer's disease (AD) and α‐synuclein (αSyn) pathology is important for clinical management and prognostic stratification. We investigated the contribution of αSyn pathology, detected by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) seed amplification assay (αSyn SAA), on [18F]‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) pattern in subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).

METHODS

We included 562 aMCI participants and 204 cognitively normal controls (CN) with available αSyn SAA and cerebral metabolic rate for glucose utilization (rCMRgl) data.

RESULTS

24% of aMCI cases were positive (+) for CSF αSyn SAA. Compared to CN, both αSyn+ and negative (−) aMCI participants showed reductions in rCMRgl within AD typical regions. αSyn+ aMCI had lower rCMRgl within AD and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) typical regions compared to αSyn− aMCI, even after stratification according to the CSF AT(N) system.

DISCUSSION

αSyn pathology contributes to a distinct FDG PET pattern in aMCI.

Highlights

αSyn pathology can be detected in vivo by CSF αSyn SAA.

We investigated the FDG PET pattern in aMCI patients with CSF αSyn SAA positivity.

αSyn+ aMCI showed a marked brain hypometabolism in AD and DLB typical regions.
A magnetic‐directed micro‐particle with near‐IR light triggered guest‐release property
Authors: Ge Jin , Cheng Xiang , Rong Lihan , Cao Peng‐Fei , Caldona Eugene B. , Advincula Rigoberto
Published: August 2024

In this study, guest carriers, composed of magnetic‐directed hydrogel particles with near‐infrared (NIR)‐light‐triggered guest‐release properties, are prepared via the one‐pot method. The gel particles contain photostable NIR‐responsive polypyrrole nanoparticles with temperature‐sensitive poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide), the combination of which can induce the accelerated release of encapsulated drugs by 337% upon 5 minutes of NIR light irradiation based on the release profile of NRMG‐1 at 10–15 min. Additionally, with magnetic iron oxide particles crosslinking the polyvinyl alcohol frames, these gel particles can form a physical barrier that decreases the release rate by 20% under an external magnetic field over 24 h. The magnetic iron oxide particles also enable the gel particles to reach their target destination without extra drug losses.
Ion‐sieving MXene flakes with quantum dots enable high plating capacity for dendrite‐free Zn anodes
Authors: Liu Xinlong , Xu Bingang , Deng Shenzhen , Han Jing , An Yongling , Zhao Jingxin , Yang Qingjun , Xiao Yana , Fang Cuiqin
Published: August 2024

The commercial utilization of Zn metal anodes with high plating capacity is significantly hindered by the uncontrolled growth of dendrites and associated side reactions. Herein, a robust artificial ion‐sieving MXene flake (MXF)‐coating layer, with abundant polar terminated groups, is constructed to regulate the interfacial Zn2+ deposition behavior. In particular, the fragmented MXF coupled with in situ generated quantum dots not only has strong Zn affinity to homogenize electric fields but also generates numerous zincophilic sites to reduce nucleation energy, thus securing a uniform dendrite‐free surface. Additionally, the porous coating layer with polar groups allows the downward diffusion of Zn2+ to achieve bottom‐up deposition and repels the excessive free water and anions to prevent parasitic reactions. The ion‐sieving effect of MXF is firmly verified in symmetric cells with high areal capacity of 10–40 mAh cm−2 (1.0 mA cm−2) and depth of discharge of 15%–60%. Therefore, the functional MXF‐coated anode manifests long‐term cycling with 2700 h of stable plating/stripping in Zn||Zn cell. Such rational design of MXF protective layer breaks new ground in developing high plating capacity zinc anodes for practical applications.
Rich electron delocalization structure in carbon nitride inducing radical transfer for high‐performance photocatalytic uranyl reduction
Authors: Liu Zhangmeng , Li Yayao , Yao Shuaiqi , Zhou Runchao , Lin Guiting , Fu Yunzhi , Zhou Qixin , Wang Wei , Chi Weijie
Published: August 2024

Investigating the activation of the persulfate process through heterogeneous carbonaceous catalysts to expedite the reduction of uranyl ions (U(VI)) is imperative. The primary hurdle involves understanding the transfer and distribution of photogenerated carriers during the reduction process in this intricate system and deciphering the role of activated groups in promoting reduction efficiency. In this study, we strategically regulate the structure of polymeric carbon nitride to promote the N‐doped state, thereby facilitating delocalization electron enrichment. The resulting active sites effectively activate peroxyl disulfate (PDS), generating radicals that expedite the selective reduction of U(VI). This strategic approach mitigates the inherent disadvantage of the short half‐life of free radicals in persulfate‐based advanced oxidation processes. As a consequence of our endeavors and with the simultaneous presence of PDS and hydrogen peroxide, we achieve an exceptional photoreduction efficiency of 100% within a remarkably short period of 20 min. This breakthrough presents a high‐efficiency application with significant potential for addressing the pollution associated with uranyl‐containing wastewater. Our findings not only contribute to the fundamental understanding of AOPs but also offer a practical solution with implications for environmental remediation.
Study on the key ecological factors for the reproduction of Gymnocypris eckloni in the upper reaches of the Yellow River
Authors: Guo Lihao , Li Guodong , Zhang Qiaoling , Zhang Guoyong , Wang Weiying , Liu Zijun , Li Shanshan
Published: August 2024

The development of hydroelectric projects has adversely affected the reproductive activities of downstream fish species. To facilitate the natural reproduction of fish and restore spawning grounds post‐dam construction, it is imperative to explore the ecological factors crucial for their reproduction. Currently, various research methods with different advantages and limitations are employed for this purpose. Using identified spawning locations and periods as clues, we quantitatively investigate the flow velocity, water depth, water temperature, and riverbed substrate required for spawning. The results are validated using habitat simulation methods, aiming to establish a more scientific approach to explore ecological factors affecting fish reproduction. This study provides a more scientific, systematic, and detailed report on the ecological factors required for the spawning of Gymnocypris eckloni: flow velocity ranging from 0.19 to 0.97 m/s, water depth from 0.28 to 1.12 m, water temperature between 11.4 and 15.2°C, and predominantly gravel substrate. The reliability of the results was verified in another spawning ground, with good verification results. This research provides crucial data for the bio‐mimetic reproductive technology of Gymnocypris eckloni and the restoration of spawning grounds for natural fish reproduction post‐dam construction. It addresses the lack of suitable ecological factor data for protective fish species in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. The method exhibits strong scientific, accurate, and implementable characteristics.
Leaf epidermal features and stomatogenesis in some ornamental Euphorbiaceae
Authors: Karatela Y. Y. , Gill L. S.
Published: August 2024

Mature stomatal structure and their ontogeny have been described in nine ornamental plants of the family Euphorbiaceae. Anomocytic and paracytic stomata with agenous, eumesogenous and hemimesogenous ontogeny respectively have been observed in all the taxa. Water stomata have been observed in Acalyphya wilkesiana. Stomatal abnormalities such as stomata without stomatal pore, stomata with single guard cell, contiguous stomata have been observed.
Zur Kenntnis der Flora und Vegetation auf Serpentin‐Standorten Nordgriechenlands I. Serpentinvegetation im Voras‐Gebirge
Authors: Babalonas D.
Published: August 2024

Der Serpentin trägt im Voras‐Gebirge einen Quercus‐Wald, der nicht gut entwickelt ist. Die Ursachen sind einerseits anthropogene Einflüsse und andererseits das Serpentinsubstrat.

Auβer dem Wald (Quercion frainetto), der einen Teil des Serpentins deckt, entwickeln sich im Gebiet Trockenrasen, in denen Alyssum murale s. l. die Hauptrolle spielt. Diese Alyssum‐Fluren ersetzen, wie es scheint, den Quercus‐Wald an Stellen, an denen er degradiert wurde oder wegen des Serpentinsubstrates nicht wachsen kann.

Unter den Alyssum‐Fluren unterscheiden sich die Psilurus incurvus‐Aegylops neglecta‐Gesellschaft und die Onosma heterophylla‐Silene fabarioides‐Gesellschaft.

Bodenprofile und Bodenprobenanalysen zeigten das Vorhandensein von 3 verschiedenen Bodentypen, die den 3 oben genannten Vegetationseinheiten entsprechen. Ein allgemeines Merkmal bildet der groβe Mg‐Gehalt der Böden, der das Verhältnis Ca/Mg für die Entwicklung der Pflanzen nicht günstig macht. Der Gehalt an in den Böden gefundenen austauschbaren Ni‐Kationen schwankt zwischen 0–16 ppm.
Beitrag zur Systematik der Geastrales
Authors: Dörfelt Heinrich , Müller‐Uri Christina
Published: August 2024

Als Lectotypus von Geastrum rufescens Persoon wurde die Figur 2 der Tafel 182 von Schaeffer (1763) ausgewählt.

Geastrum indicum (Klotzsch) S. Rauschert wird zugunsten des Namens Geastrum triplex Junghuhn verworfen. Der Name Geastrum capense Thümen ist ein Synonym zu Geastrum saccatum Fries. Als Lectotypus wurde ein Exemplar aus HAL ausgewählt.
Epidermal structure, organographic distribution, structure and ontogeny of stomata in Bixaceae
Authors: Bhat R. B. , Weber D. J. , Abiodun B. M.
Published: August 2024

The epidermal structure, organographic distribution, structure and ontogeny of stomatal complex in the family Bixaceae are illustrated and described. This family is represented by a single genus Bixa. The organs investigated are the leaves, stems, petioles, fruits and peduncles. The leaves are amphistomatic. The mature stomata are either anisocytic, paracytic, or anomocytic. The anomocytic is common, while paracytic and anisocytic are of rare occurrence. Stomatal type on the leaf surface is predominantly anomocytic, while the paracytic and anisocytic types are mostly restricted to the petiole. Stomatal complex vary in form, number, orientation, arrangement of subsidiary cells and surrounding epidermal cells in different of the plant. The contiguous stomata, stoma without pore, are also observed. The ontogeny of anisocytic and paracytic stomata is mesogenous, while that of anomocytic is perigenous. Epidermal cells are either polygonal, diametric or elongated and irregularly arranged. Unicellular trichomes occur in this family. The taxonomic significance of the family is also discussed.
A controlled release antibiotic wound protectant gel formulated for use in austere environments
Authors: Florek Charles A. , Cozzone Eric , Williams Dustin L. , Armbruster David A.
Published: August 2024

Battlefield wounds are at high risk of infection due to gross contamination and delays in evacuation from forward‐deployed locations. The aim of this study was to formulate an antibiotic wound gel for application by a field medic in austere environments to protect traumatic wounds from infection during transport. Formulation development was conducted over multiple phases to meet temperature, handling, in vitro elution, and in vivo tissue response requirements. Thermal properties were evaluated by vial inversion, DSC, and syringe expression force in a temperature range of 4–49°C. Handling was evaluated by spreading onto blood‐contaminated tissue and irrigation resistance. Controlled antibiotic release was evaluated by a modified USP immersion cell dissolution method. Local tissue effects were evaluated in vivo by subcutaneous implantation in rats for 7 and 28 days. An oleogel composition of cholesterol, hydrogenated castor oil, soybean oil, and glyceryl monocaprylocaprate met the target performance criteria. Peak expression force from a 5 mL syringe at 4°C was 48.3 N, the dropping point temperature was 68°C, and the oleogel formulation could be spread onto blood‐contaminated tissue and resisted aqueous irrigation. The formulation demonstrated sustained release of tobramycin in PBS at 32°C for 5 days. Implantation in a rat dorsal pocket demonstrated a slight tissue reaction after 7 days with minimal to no reaction after 28 days, comparable to a commercial hemostat control. Material resorption was evident after 28 days. The formulation met target characteristics and is appropriate for further evaluation in a large animal contaminated blast wound model.
An intelligent deep augmented model for detection of banana leaves diseases
Authors: Rehman Amjad , Abunadi Ibrahim , Alamri Faten S. , Ali Haider , Bahaj Saeed Ali , Saba Tanzila
Published: August 2024

One of the most popular fruits worldwide is the banana. Accurate identification and categorization of banana diseases is essential for maintaining global fruits security and stakeholder profitability. Four different types of banana leaves exist Healthy, Cordana, Sigatoka, and Pestalotiopsis. These types can be analyzed using four types of vision: RGB, night vision, infrared vision, and thermal vision. This paper presents an intelligent deep augmented learning model composed of VGG19 and passive aggressive classifier (PAC) to classify the four diseases types of bananas under each type of vision. Each vision consisted of 1600 images with a size of (224 × 224). The training–testing approach was used to evaluate the performance of the hybrid model on Kaggle dataset, which was justified by various methods and metrics. The proposed model achieved a remarkable mean accuracy rate of 99.16% for RGB vision, 98.02% for night vision, 96.05% for infrared vision, and 96.10% for thermal vision for training and testing data. Microscopy employed in this research as a validation tool. The microscopic examination of leaves confirmed the presence and extent of the disease, providing ground truth data to validate and refine the proposed model.

Research Highlights

The model can be helpful for internet of things ‐based drones to identify the large scale of banana leaf‐disease detection using drones for images acquisition.

Proposed an intelligent deep augmented learning model composed of VGG19 and passive aggressive classifier (PAC) to classify the four diseases types of bananas under each type of vision.

The model detected banana leaf disease with a 99.16% accuracy rate for RGB vision, 98.02% accuracy rate for night vision, 96.05% accuracy rate for infrared vision, and 96.10% accuracy rate for thermal vision

The model will provide a facility for early disease detection which minimizes crop loss, enhances crop quality, timely decision making, cost saving, risk mitigation, technology adoption, and helps in increasing the yield.
Adoptees' experiences of using direct‐to‐consumer genetic testing and determinants of this use: A mixed study in Quebec
Authors: Despax Johanna , Lacharité Carl , Bouteyre Evelyne
Published: August 2024

Adoptees' use of direct‐to‐consumer genetic testing (DTC‐GT) is known to raise both ethical and emotional issues, and it can also challenge their identity. The objective of the present study was to describe the experiences of DTC‐GT use among adoptees living in Quebec and to better understand the benefits and disadvantages of use. We adopted a mixed method approach whereby a questionnaire comprising standardized scales was administered to 143 adoptees who had used genetic testing and 40 adoptees who had not. Semi‐structured interviews were performed with five respondents from the DTC‐GT use group. The quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed and integrated together using the Pillar Integration Process. The results highlighted familial reunion as the primary motivation for the use of DTC‐GT among responding adoptees. Reported challenges included needing help with results interpretation, as well as the need for autonomy in the ownership of the results. Participants describe not being particularly concerned by potential ethical issues, describing the benefits of the tests as more important than possible disadvantages. Overall, participants had a good experience of using DTC‐GT, and users were less anxious. Various factors associated with the use and experience of use were highlighted (age, psychological distress, community membership, etc.). The results from this study provide much‐needed information about adoptees' needs regarding DTC‐GT, highlight key risk factors, and introduces best practice recommendations so that adoptees are properly informed and supported when pursuing DTC‐GT.
Trajectories of posttraumatic stress symptoms following collective violence: A systematic review and meta‐analyses
Authors: Oppo Annalisa , Forresi Barbara , Barbieri Alice , Koenen Karestan C.
Published: August 2024

Although collective violence represents a significant public health concern, a limited number of longitudinal studies have addressed this topic, with no systematic reviews focusing on posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) trajectories. The present systematic review and meta‐analyses examined PTSS prevalence and trajectories after exposure to collective violence. A systematic literature search across six databases (APA PsycInfo, APA PsycArticles, PSYINDEX, MEDLINE, ERIC, and PubMed) identified 771 studies that were screened for the following eligibility criteria: exposure to collective violence, adult sample, longitudinal design, PTSS assessment using validated measures, PTSS trajectories estimated using latent growth modeling, and report sample prevalence rate for each trajectory. Ten studies met the criteria, and five meta‐analyses were performed to assess the overall prevalence of each trajectory. Most included studies (63.6%) identified four trajectories, characterized as low‐stable, high‐stable, decreasing, and delayed‐worsening. The low‐stable trajectory was the modal response, with a pooled prevalence of 58.0%, 95% CI [51.0, 65.0]. The high‐stable prevalence was 7.0%, 95% CI [4.0, 19.0]; the decreasing trajectory was 13%, 95% CI [9.0, 17.0]; and the delayed‐worsening trajectory was 8.0%, 95% CI [5.0, 10.0]. A fifth trajectory, moderately stable, had a prevalence of 19.0%, 95% CI [9.0, 29.0]. The trajectory models robustly identified clinically relevant patterns of response to collective violence, offering a contribution to the literature and a starting point for future research. Further studies are needed, as a better comprehension of symptom trajectories after collective violence events has important clinical and public health implications.
Study suggests more severely ill are less likely to leave treatment
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: August 2024

A study analyzing data from thousands of patients in a multistate behavioral health treatment organization has reported that some of the most at‐risk patients in mental health care are also the most likely to stay in treatment.
Key skills for therapists: Empathy, awareness, self‐care
Authors: Eudowe Joshua M.
Published: August 2024

Sarah, a single mom and therapist who's been in practice for 11 years has been struggling with her daughter's depression. Sarah's once vibrant personality has dulled as she feels emotionally drained from her situation at home. She now finds herself merely going through the motions in sessions with her patients and not as engaged as she once was.
Single‐cell transcriptomics identifies aberrant glomerular angiogenic signalling in the early stages of WT1 kidney disease
Authors: Chandler Jennifer C , Jafree Daniyal J , Malik Saif , Pomeranz Gideon , Ball Mary , Kolatsi‐Joannou Maria , Piapi Alice , Mason William J , Benest Andrew V , Bates David O , Letunovska Aleksandra , Al‐Saadi Reem , Rabant Marion , Boyer Olivia , Pritchard‐Jones Kathy , Winyard Paul J , Mason Andrew S , Woolf Adrian S , Waters Aoife M , Long David A
Published: August 2024

WT1 encodes a podocyte transcription factor whose variants can cause an untreatable glomerular disease in early childhood. Although WT1 regulates many podocyte genes, it is poorly understood which of them are initiators in disease and how they subsequently influence other cell‐types in the glomerulus. We hypothesised that this could be resolved using single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) and ligand‐receptor analysis to profile glomerular cell–cell communication during the early stages of disease in mice harbouring an orthologous human mutation in WT1 (Wt1R394W/+). Podocytes were the most dysregulated cell‐type in the early stages of Wt1R394W/+ disease, with disrupted angiogenic signalling between podocytes and the endothelium, including the significant downregulation of transcripts for the vascular factors Vegfa and Nrp1. These signalling changes preceded glomerular endothelial cell loss in advancing disease, a feature also observed in biopsy samples from human WT1 glomerulopathies. Addition of conditioned medium from murine Wt1R394W/+ primary podocytes to wild‐type glomerular endothelial cells resulted in impaired endothelial looping and reduced vascular complexity. Despite the loss of key angiogenic molecules in Wt1R394W/+ podocytes, the pro‐vascular molecule adrenomedullin was upregulated in Wt1R394W/+ podocytes and plasma and its further administration was able to rescue the impaired looping observed when glomerular endothelium was exposed to Wt1R394W/+ podocyte medium. In comparative analyses, adrenomedullin upregulation was part of a common injury signature across multiple murine and human glomerular disease datasets, whilst other gene changes were unique to WT1 disease. Collectively, our study describes a novel role for altered angiogenic signalling in the initiation of WT1 glomerulopathy. We also identify adrenomedullin as a proangiogenic factor, which despite being upregulated in early injury, offers an insufficient protective response due to the wider milieu of dampened vascular signalling that results in endothelial cell loss in later disease. © 2024 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Liquid Crystalline Hydroxyapatite Nanorods Orchestrate Hierarchical Bone‐Like Mineralization
Authors: Chen Jishizhan , Birchall Martin , MacRobert Alexander J. , Song Wenhui
Published: August 2024

Bone matrix exhibits exceptional mechanical properties due to its unique nanocomposite structure of type I collagen fibrils and hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles in hierarchical liquid crystalline (LC) order. However, the regeneration mechanism of this LC structure is elusive. This study investigates the role of the LC structure of HAp nanorods in guiding aligned mineralization and its underlying molecular mechanism. A unidirectionally oriented LC phase of HAp nanorods is developed through engineering‐assisted self‐assembling. This is used to study the growth direction of long‐range aligned extracellular matrix (ECM) and calcium deposit formation during the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells. It is found that 2 key regulatory genes, COL1A1 and COL4A6, lead to the formation of aligned ECM. Activation of the PI3K‐Akt pathway enhances osteogenesis and promotes ordered calcium deposits. This study provides evidence for elucidating the mechanism of LC‐induced ordered calcium deposition at hierarchical levels spanning from the molecular to macro‐scale, as well as the switch from ordered to disordered mineralization. These findings illuminate bone regeneration, contribute to the development of biomimetic artificial bone with long‐range ordered structures, and suggest a basis for therapeutic targeting of microstructure‐affected bone disorders and the broader field of cell‐ECM interactions.
Optimization of Blast Furnace Ironmaking Using Machine Learning and Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Parihar Manendra Singh , Nistala Sri Harsha , Kumar Rajan , Raj Sristy , Ganguly Adity , Runkana Venkataramana
Published: August 2024

Blast furnace is a multiphase counter‐current packed bed reactor that converts iron‐bearing materials such as lumps, sinter, and pellets into hot metal using metallurgical coke and pulverized coal. The quality of input materials has a significant impact on furnace performance, hot metal quality and steel plant economics. It is difficult for operators to identify the optimal settings required for efficient and safe operation based on their experience alone, given the large number of furnace parameters. A multiobjective optimization problem for maximizing furnace productivity (PROD) and minimizing fuel rate (FR) with constraints on hot metal silicon (HMSi) and temperature (HMT) is formulated and solved using a genetic algorithm. Machine learning (ML) models are developed for PROD, FR, HMSi, and HMT and tested with data from an industrial blast furnace. Pareto‐optimal solutions along with optimal settings for key manipulated variables are obtained. It is demonstrated that PROD and FR can be improved by ≈3–5% at steady state. The overall ML model‐based optimization framework can be used as part of a blast furnace digital twin system to operate the furnace efficiently in real‐time for the given quality of raw materials.