bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends in prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from patients with community- and healthcare-associated bacteriuria: results from 2014 to 2020 in an urban safety-net healthcare system
Authors: Raphael Eva , Glymour M. Maria , Chambers Henry F.
Published: August 2021

Background

The prevalence of infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producingEscherichia coli(ESBL-E. coli) is increasing worldwide, but the setting in which this increase is occurring is not well defined. We compared trends and risk factors for ESBL-E. colibacteriuria in community vs healthcare settings.

Methods

We collected electronic health record data on all patients withE. coliisolated from urine cultures in a safety-net public healthcare system from January 2014 to March 2020. All analyses were stratified by healthcare-onset/associated (bacteriuria diagnosed > 48 h after hospital admission or in an individual hospitalized in the past 90 days or in a skilled nursing facility resident, N = 1277) or community-onset bacteriuria (bacteriuria diagnosed < 48 h after hospital admission or in an individual seen in outpatient clinical settings without a hospitalization in the past 90 days, N = 7751). We estimated marginal trends from logistic regressions to evaluate annual change in prevalence of ESBL-E. colibacteriuria among all bacteriuria. We evaluated risk factors using logistic regression models.

Results

ESBL-E. coliprevalence increased in both community-onset (0.91% per year, 95% CI 0.56%, 1.26%) and healthcare-onset/associated (2.31% per year, CI 1.01%, 3.62%) bacteriuria. In multivariate analyses, age > 65 (RR 1.88, CI 1.17, 3.05), male gender (RR 2.12, CI 1.65, 2.73), and Latinx race/ethnicity (RR 1.52, CI 0.99, 2.33) were associated with community-onset ESBL-E. coli. Only male gender (RR 1.53, CI 1.03, 2.26) was associated with healthcare-onset/associated ESBL-E. coli.

Conclusions

ESBL-E. colibacteriuria frequency increased at a faster rate in healthcare-associated settings than in the community between 2014 and 2020. Male gender was associated with ESBL-E. colibacteriuria in both settings, but additional risks—age > 65 and Latinx race/ethnicity—were observed only in the community.
Right-sided endocarditis caused by polyclonal Staphylococcus aureus infection
Authors: Kolben Yotam , Ishay Yuval , Azmanov Henny , Rokney Assaf , Baum Moti , Amit Sharon , Nir-Paz Ran
Published: August 2021

We present a case of bacterial endocarditis with both methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, which based on typing, originated from two distinct clones. Such a case may be misinterpreted by microbiology lab automation to be a monoclonal multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus, while simple microbiology techniques will instantly reveal distinct clonality.
A case of primary nonleukemic myeloid sarcoma of the spleen, successfully treated by surgery and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Ono Asuka , Kitano Yuki , Imai Katsunori , Matsumoto Takashi , Endo Shinya , Tokunaga Kenji , Hayashi Hiromitsu , Yamashita Yo-Ichi , Matsuoka Masao , Baba Hideo
Published: August 2021

Background

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare disease, mostly found in conjunction with acute myelogenous leukemia or other diseases, and primary nonleukemic MS of the spleen is particularly rare.

Case presentation

We report a 57-year-old male who presented with a spleen mass that was found incidentally, and was enlarged. As a result of various examinations, he was diagnosed with primary MS of the spleen with suspected involvement of the transverse colon, left kidney, pancreatic tail, and left diaphragm. He underwent a total splenectomy, partial pancreatectomy, partial colectomy, left nephrectomy, and left diaphragm partial resection. Histological examination revealed splenic primary MS. Bone marrow biopsy and immunophenotypic flow cytometry revealed no evidence of myeloid leukemia. He underwent umbilical cord blood transplantation, and he is currently living without a sign of recurrence at 10 months after surgery.

Conclusions

We experienced a very rare case of primary spleen MS that was discovered without a hematologic malignancy. Two cases of surgically resected primary splenic MS have been reported, including the present case.
Changes in the root-associated bacteria of sorghum are driven by the combined effects of salt and sorghum development
Authors: Yukun Gao , Jianghui Cui , Genzeng Ren , Shilin Wei , Puyuan Yang , Congpei Yin , Hongkai Liang , Jinhua Chang
Published: August 2021

Background

Sorghum is an important food staple in the developing world, with the capacity to grow under severe conditions such as salinity, drought, and a limited nutrient supply. As a serious environmental stress, soil salinization can change the composition of rhizosphere soil bacterial communities and induce a series of harm to crops. And the change of rhizospheric microbes play an important role in the response of plants to salt stress. However, the effect of salt stress on the root bacteria of sorghum and interactions between bacteria and sorghum remains poorly understood.

Results

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of salt stress on sorghum growth performance and rhizosphere bacterial community structure. Statistical analysis confirmed that low high concentration stress depressed sorghum growth. Further taxonomic analysis revealed that the bacterial community predominantly consisted of phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in sorghum rhizosphere soil. Low salt stress suppressed the development of bacterial diversity less than high salt stress in both bulk soil and planted sorghum soil. Different sorghum development stages in soils with different salt concentrations enriched distinctly different members of the root bacteria. No obviously different effect on bacterial diversity were tested by PERMANOVA analysis between different varieties, but interactions between salt and growth and between salt and variety were detected. The roots of sorghum exuded phenolic compounds that differed among the different varieties and had a significant relationship with rhizospheric bacterial diversity. These results demonstrated that salt and sorghum planting play important roles in restructuring the bacteria in rhizospheric soil. Salinity and sorghum variety interacted to affect bacterial diversity.

Conclusions

In this paper, we found that salt variability and planting are key factors in shifting bacterial diversity and community. In comparison to bulk soils, soils under planting sorghum with different salt stress levels had a characteristic bacterial environment. Salinity and sorghum variety interacted to affect bacterial diversity. Different sorghum variety with different salt tolerance levels had different responses to salt stress by regulating root exudation. Soil bacterial community responses to salinity and exotic plants could potentially impact the microenvironment to help plants overcome external stressors and promote sorghum growth. While this study observed bacterial responses to combined effects of salt and sorghum development, future studies are needed to understand the interaction among bacteria communities, salinity, and sorghum growth.
Death as attraction: the role of travel medicine and psychological travel health care in ‘dark tourism’
Authors: Bauer Irmgard L.
Published: August 2021

Still an evolving field in travel medicine, psychological travel health has not yet been linked to tourist products that may affect travellers’ mental wellbeing. Dark tourism, the travel to sites linked to death, atrocities and suffering, is a product that, on the one hand, attracts people with a keen interest in death-related attractions and, on the other hand, may inflict psychological scars. Of particular concern are travellers with undiagnosed or diagnosed mental illness.

This is the first article bringing travel medicine and dark tourism together. Understanding dark tourism is crucial to appreciate the wide variety of potential stimuli leading to anything from amusement to travel-related psychoses. Travellers’ motivations for and emotional responses to visits of ‘dark’ sites provide an important input into individually tailored psychological pre and post-travel health care. Relevant recommendations include suggestions for education, clinical practice and much needed further multidisciplinary research.
Development of a novel PRO instrument for use in familial chylomicronemia syndrome
Authors: Davidson David , Slota Christina , Vera-Llonch Montserrat , Brown T. Michelle , Hsieh Andrew , Fehnel Sheri
Published: August 2021

Background

Familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS), a rare genetic disorder characterized by high levels of circulating triglycerides, negatively impacts multiple organs, including the liver and pancreas.

Objective

The objective of this study was to develop and support the content validity of a novel patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure addressing FCS symptoms and impacts. To facilitate use in clinical trials of new treatments, evidence supporting the new measure needed to be consistent with regulatory guidance and requirements.

Methods

A pool of items addressing symptoms and impacts of FCS was initially developed based on data from a large burden-of-illness study with patients with FCS as well as a review of available literature and existing PRO measures. Two rounds of qualitative interviews were conducted with patients with FCS (N = 10) to refine the draft items and support the measure’s content validity. Each interview began with concept elicitation followed by cognitive debriefing of the draft FCS measure.

Results

Patient-reported symptoms and impacts of FCS were generally consistent with those identified by the burden-of-illness study; abdominal pain was particularly prevalent and salient for patients. Suggested changes to the draft item pool were generally minor. Comprehensibility and ease of completion for the final instrument were confirmed during the second set of interviews.

Conclusion

The content validity of the final 17-item FCS Symptoms and Impacts Scale is strongly supported by patient input gathered through both a large burden-of-illness study and qualitative research. To further support use in clinical trials, psychometric evaluation of the measure is underway.
Competing sexual-asexual generic names in Agaricomycotina (Basidiomycota) with recommendations for use
Authors: Stalpers Joost A. , Redhead Scott A. , May Tom W. , Rossman Amy Y. , Crouch Jo Anne , Cubeta Marc A. , Dai Yu-Cheng , Kirschner Roland , Langer Gitta Jutta , Larsson Karl-Henrik , Mack Jonathan , Norvell Lorelei L. , Oberwinkler Franz , Papp Viktor , Roberts Peter , Rajchenberg Mario , Seifert Keith A. , Thorn R. Greg
Published: August 2021

With the change to one scientific name for fungal taxa, generic names typified by species with sexual or asexual morph types are being evaluated to determine which names represent the same genus and thus compete for use. In this paper generic names of theAgaricomycotina(Basidiomycota) were evaluated to determine synonymy based on their type. Forty-seven sets of sexually and asexually typified names were determined to be congeneric and recommendations are made for which generic name to use. In most cases the principle of priority is followed. However, 16 generic names are recommended for use that do not have priority and thus need to be protected:AleurocystisoverMatula; ArmillariaoverAcurtisandRhizomorpha; AsterophoraoverUgola; BotryobasidiumoverAcladium,Allescheriella, Alysidium, Haplotrichum,Physospora,andSporocephalium; CoprinellusoverOzonium; CoprinopsisoverRhacophyllus; DendrocollybiaoverSclerostilbumandTilachlidiopsis; DiacanthodesoverBornetina; EchinoporiaoverEchinodia; NeolentinusoverDigitellus; PostiaoverPtychogaster; RiopaoverSporotrichum; ScytinostromaoverArtocreas, Michenera, andStereofomes; TulasnellaoverHormomyces; TyphulaoverSclerotium;andWolfiporiaoverGemmulariaandPachyma.Nine species names are proposed for protection:Botryobasidium aureum, B. conspersum,B. croceum,B. simile, Pellicularia lembosporum(syn.B. lembosporum),Phanerochaete chrysosporium,Polyporus metamorphosus(syn.Riopa metamorphosa),Polyporus mylittae(syn.Laccocephalum mylittae), andPolyporus ptychogaster(syn. Postia ptychogaster). Two families are proposed for protection:PsathyrellaceaeandTyphulaceae. Three new species names and 30 new combinations are established, and one lectotype is designated.
Impact of post harvest treatment on antioxidant activity and phenolic profile of Moringa oleifera lam leaves
Authors: Fombang Edith N. , Nobossé Pierre , Mbofung Carl M. F. , Singh Damanpreet
Published: August 2021

Moringa oleifera leaves are an important source of dietary phytochemicals, such as flavonoids with high antioxidant activity (AOA). These components are however influenced by the post-harvest treatments applied as well as the processing conditions. Hence, it is crucial to determine the most appropriate post-harvest treatment that preserves or enhances AOA. To this effect the influence of steam blanching, fermentation / oxidation, oven drying and roasting of fresh Moringa leaves on their AOA was investigated. Processing conditions of time and temperature for each treatment were optimised using response surface methodology. The effect of the different treatments at optimal conditions on phenolic profile and AOA were compared. Roasting achieved the most significant (p < 0.05) improvement in phenolics (43%) and AOA (22–31%), which was accompanied by the formation of 2 new compounds, quercetin-3-O-acetylglucoside and Quercetine-3-O-rhamnoside. Steam blanching had the most deleterious effect on phenolics (− 31%) and AOA. Post-harvest treatments qualitatively and quantitatively affect phytochemical profile of Moringa leaves.

Graphical abstract
Demographic, lifestyle, and reproductive determinants of serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels in adult women of reproductive age in Ilorin, North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Lawal Oyinkansola Islamiyat , Yusuff Jameelu-deen Omokunmi
Published: August 2021

Background

Anti-Müllerian hormone is a dimeric glycoprotein produced by the granulosa cells of preantral and small antral follicles of the ovaries. It is a reliable biomarker of ovarian reserve, ageing, and response in the management of women with infertility. However, there are few studies on the determinants of serum anti-Müllerian hormone in Nigerian women. This study aimed to investigate determinants of serum anti-Müllerian hormone among adult women of reproductive age. The study was a hospital-based cross-sectional study involving 161 women of reproductive age attending the gynaecology clinic and immunisation clinic of a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Baseline characteristics were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone was quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

In univariate analysis, age (B = − 0.035, P = 0.000), parity (B = − 0.080, P = 0.001), and infertility duration (B = − 0.050, P = 0.011) had a negative relationship with serum anti-Müllerian hormone, while ethnicity (B = 0.180, P = 0.040), body mass index (B = 0.015, P = 0.010), and cycle length (B = 0.042, P = 0.000) had a positive relationship with serum anti-Müllerian hormone. In multivariable analysis, all relationships except infertility duration persisted.

Conclusion

We found that age, ethnicity, parity, infertility duration, body mass index, and cycle length were associated with serum anti-Müllerian hormone. A large prospective population-based study is required to better understand factors that are associated with serum anti-Müllerian hormone in an ethnically diverse country like Nigeria.
Delayed cephalic arch rupture following balloon angioplasty
Authors: Algharras Abdulaziz
Published: August 2021

Background

Vascular access care comes with its substantial cost that include but not limited to poor blood flow during dialysis, stenosis throughout the dialysis circuits, aneurysmal dilatation, clots formation and complete thrombosis. Acute cephalic arch rupture is not that uncommon but delayed rupture is rare presentation that was not discussed previously.

Case presentation

We describe a case of a 70-year-old female with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing a fistulogram and angioplasty of cephalic arch stenosis that resulted in a small vessel rupture that was successfully treated with prolonged balloon inflation initially. Unfortunately, this was complicated with massive venous rupture after initiating hemodialysis. The diseased segment was successfully treated with covered stent placement. This paper review and discuss cephalic arch stenosis, clinical presentation, and available initial and bailout treatment strategies.

Conclusions

Primary management of cephalic arch rupture is a prolong-low pressure balloon angioplasty, with covered stent across the site of extravasation if persisted. This case depicted a delayed vascular rupture following hemodialysis in patient with previously controlled extravasation that necessities covered stent placement. No data in the literature suggested the time that is required to avoid dialysis and improve healing.
Problematic Facebook use behavior and locus of control in physiotherapy students
Authors: Salik Sengul Yesim , Kahraman Turhan , Ozcan Kahraman Buse
Published: August 2021

Background

Problematic Facebook use is a broader umbrella for term addictive-like symptoms, and scarce self-regulation related to Facebook use reflecting social and personal problems, and many studies have suggested that it is associated with many psychosocial problems. Locus of control (LOC) is described as a personality trait developed through social learning theory. Recently, LOC has got attention from both the patient’s and clinician’s perspectives. In addition, higher external LOC is associated with problematic Internet use. The aim was to investigate whether problematic Facebook use is associated with LOC. Four hundred twenty-one university students were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Problematic Facebook use was determined by the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale, and the participants were divided into two groups as neutral users and problematic users. Locus of control was assessed using the Locus of Control Scale, including subscales of personal control, belief in chance, the meaninglessness of the effortfulness, belief in fate, and belief in an unjust world.

Results

In total, 333 students were eligible for the study. There were 66 students with neutral Facebook use (19.8%), and the remaining (n=267) had problematic Facebook use (80.2%). No significant difference was observed in the demographic characteristic of neutral and problematic Facebook users (p>0.05). Problematic Facebook users had significantly higher scores on the meaninglessness of the effortfulness (p<0.001), belief in fate (p=0.019), and belief in an unjust world (p=0.004) compared to the neutral Facebook users.

Conclusions

The results showed that the physiotherapy students having a problematic Facebook had significantly higher scores on the meaninglessness of the effortfulness, belief in fate, and belief in an unjust world compared to neutral Facebook users. All these negative thoughts might be a problem both for students themselves and their future patients.
Interrelationships Among Fertility, Internal Migration,and Proximity to Nonresident Family:A Multilevel Multiprocess Analysis
Authors: Thomas Michael J. , Dommermuth Lars
Published: August 2021

Past research has found that relations to nonresident family can influence individual fertility and migration behaviors separately. However, fertility and migration outcomes may also be interrelated, suggesting potential links across all three demographic processes. With this in mind, we track a cohort of women in Norway from age 18 to 31, recording the emergence of birth and migration events as well as their proximity to nonresident family networks (siblings and parents). Using a multilevel multiprocess statistical framework, with observations nested within women and equations for births, migrations, and proximity to nonresident family estimated simultaneously, our results support the notion that linked lives matter. Even in early adulthood, proximity to nonresident family has a positive effect on transitions to motherhood, whereas the presence of children (itself an outcome of past fertility) is associated with lower propensities to migrate. Mothers also have higher propensities to be living near family than women without children. The presence of local nonresident family reduces propensities for second and third migrations. However, after accounting for unobserved heterogeneity and selection, we observe a small positive effect of proximity to family on first migrations undertaken after age 18. Significant cross-process residual correlations exist across all three outcomes, suggesting that separately estimated model estimates may be vulnerable to bias emerging from unobserved sources of heterogeneity and selection. Our analysis therefore suggests that decisions about fertility, migration, and proximity to family are jointly determined and endogenous, and they should be analyzed simultaneously when possible.
Advantages of Colour-Coded Dual-Energy CT Venography in Emergency Neuroimaging
Authors: Campo Camilo A , Czajkowski Bryan , Sodickson Aaron D
Published: August 2021

The objective of this Pictorial Review is to describe the use of colour-coded Dual-Energy CT (DECT) to aid in the interpretation of CT Venography (CTV) of the head for emergent indications. We describe a DE CTV acquisition and post-processing technique that can be readily incorporated into clinical workflow. Colour-coded DE CTV may aid the identification and characterization of dural venous sinus abnormalities and other cerebrovascular pathologies, which can improve diagnostic confidence in emergent imaging settings.
Salvage radiotherapy for primary refractory and relapsed diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma
Authors: Brooks Eric D. , Fang Penny , Pinnix Chelsea C.
Published: August 2021

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, accounting for 30–40% of all non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases and presenting later in life, most often in the sixth decade. Although DLBCL is curable, long-term remission rates are only 60–80%. The most recent major advance in upfront therapy for DLBCL was the monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody rituximab, which was approved in the late 1990s; now, 25 years later, up to 40% of patients will experience primary refractory or relapsed disease, thereby underscoring the importance of salvage therapy. Radiation therapy can be highly effective in DLBCL, both initially as consolidation therapy and later as salvage therapy and is currently being explored in the context of immune and cellular therapies. The aim of this review is to examine the therapeutic approaches for relapsed or refractory DLBCL, with a focus on whether using radiation therapy as salvage therapy can improve the likelihood of cure.
Posttraumatic nuchal pseudolipoma in a high school athlete after weight training
Authors: Reynolds Conner D , Ingram Aubrey N. , Curley Kevin , Lindsley Joshua , Kruse Jonas J , Schultz Steven
Published: August 2021

Pseudolipomas are an uncommon clinical manifestation appearing as a non-encapsulated prominence of subcutaneous fat on MRI. Post-traumatic pseudolipomas (PTLs) are thought to arise from neoadipogenesis following acute or chronic trauma. These are most commonly located on the lower extremities, gluteal, and trochanteric regions. Here, we report a case of PTL in a high school athlete, arising in the posterior neck after weight training with performing barbell squats without neck padding. To our knowledge, this case represents a novel association between PTLs and weight training exercises.
PROCESSOS ESTRUTURAIS E DIREITO À MORADIA NO SUL GLOBAL: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DAS EXPERIÊNCIAS SUL-AFRICANA E COLOMBIANA
Authors: Serafim Matheus Casimiro Gomes , França Eduarda Peixoto da Cunha , Nóbrega Flavianne Fernanda Bitencourt
Published: August 2021

Objetivo: O objetivo do presente artigo é investigar como os processos estruturais podem contribuir com o acesso à moradia, a partir da análise da experiência de dois países nos quais os processos estruturais têm sido utilizados para solucionar litígios relacionados ao acesso à habitação digna: Colômbia e África do Sul.Metodologia: Como metodologia de pesquisa, além da tradicional análise documental e bibliográfica, adota-se uma abordagem qualitativa para estudar três casos paradigmáticos: Olivia Road e Joe Slovo, na África do Sul, e a Sentencia T-25, na Colômbia.Resultados: Conclui-se, em suma, que ambas as experiências denotam a necessidade de que problemas sistêmicos relativos a direitos socioeconômicos e culturais, quando adjudicados, sejam resolvidos por meio de decisões estruturais, que podem produzir efeitos materiais e simbólicos.Contribuições: A partir dos resultados, observa-se que: a) é recomendável que os magistrados adotem uma postura dialógica quando atuarem em processos estruturais; b) em casos estruturais, é interessante que o Poder Judiciário mantenha a jurisdição sobre o caso, acompanhando o desenvolvimento da execução da sentença; c) a participação pública garante ao processo estrutural transparência e aos magistrados, maior capacidade técnica, uma vez que, somente com a inclusão dos segmentos sociais atingidos pelo problema que se pretende superar, o juiz será capaz de proferir medidas condizentes com as reais necessidades do caso concreto.
A ALIENAÇÃO PARENTAL COMO COSMOLOGIA VIOLENTA
Authors: Waquim Bruna Barbieri , Machado Bruno Amaral
Published: August 2021

Objetivo: O presente artigo propõe debater as correlações possíveis entre o processo de Alienação Parental e o processo de violentização, a fim de explorar suas possíveis implicações teóricas, bem como conscientizar sobre os danos que a naturalização da primeira prática e a internalização dos seus efeitos podem causar ao público vulnerável de crianças e adolescentes.Método:A partir da metodologia de levantamento bibliográfico e aplicação de questionário, busca-se explorar os conceitos trazidos pelo interacionismo radical (Athens), como comunidade-fantasma e violentização, na linha proposta por Ceretti e Lorenzo, com a prática da Alienação Parental descrita pela Lei brasileira nº 12.318/2010.Originalidade: A Alienação Parental foi expressamente descrita como violência psicológica no Brasil desde a promulgação da Lei nº 13.431/2017, porém não foram localizados trabalhos anteriores que tenham explorado o processo de violentização aqui apresentado na análise da Alienação Parental.Resultados: A revisão bibliográfica empreendida evidenciou a proximidade entre o processo de violentização descrito por Athens com as consequências causadas pelo processo de Alienação Parental no âmbito intrafamiliar, por meio do qual uma criança ou adolescente apreende um referencial de comportamento abusivo que afetará sua vida adulta, o que foi sugerido por pesquisa empírica exploratória, apresentada no artigo.Contribuições teóricas: O presente artigo reforça a natureza de situação de risco do ato de Alienação Parental. Além disso, amplia o leque da sua análise por parte das Instituições do Sistema da Justiça e demonstra a necessidade de que seja o tema inserido também no âmbito das Políticas Públicas no campo da família e da infância e juventude.Contribuições: Dado que atualmente há campanha pela revogação da Lei de Alienação Parental, o artigo aponta para a necessidade de manutenção da Lei nº 12.318/2010, diante da demonstração do complexo fenômeno de violentização inserido nessa prática, com potencial de transmissão intergeracional.
OS RISCOS DO AGROTÓXICO GLIFOSATO: CONTROVÉRSIA CIENTÍFICA OU NEGAÇÃO DO DANO À SAÚDE HUMANA
Authors: Pol Jeferson Jeldoci , Hupffer Haide Maria , Figueiredo João Alcione Sganderla
Published: August 2021

Objetivo: O artigo objetiva examinar a controvérsia científica em relação ao agrotóxico glifosato, o qual, durante muitos anos, foi considerado seguro para a saúde humana e sustentável ambientalmente, mas que, na atualidade, está sendo questionado pelo sistema da ciência e pelo sistema do direito em relação aos riscos e ao dano futuro.Metodologia: A metodologia utilizada é a sistêmico-construtivista, a partir das contribuições de Niklas Luhmann, que possibilita examinar como cada sistema percebe o agrotóxico glifosato. No que tange às técnicas de procedimento, utiliza-se a revisão sistemática da literatura, pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e jurisprudencial.Resultados: Conclui-se que o sistema da ciência, ao comprovar correlação entre o glifosato e os danos à saúde humana, levou a sociedade a movimentos que vão desde a proibição do agrotóxico em alguns países até indenizações bilionárias às vítimas impetradas pelo sistema jurídico. Entretanto, o caminho é longo para que o agrotóxico mais consumido no mundo seja efetivamente banido.Contribuições: Ao examinar dados do sistema da ciência (pesquisas científicas), do sistema político (agências nacionais e internacionais de regulação) e do sistema do direito (ações e decisões na esfera judicial), o estudo oferece uma reflexão sobre o processo de autoconfrontação da sociedade com os riscos que ela própria criou ao lançar produtos, como o glifosato, sem pesquisas suficientes para indicar sua utilização segura.
Hematologic and coagulopathy parameter as a survival predictor among moderate to severe COVID-19 patients in non- ICU ward: a single-center study at the main referral hospital in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Bintoro Siprianus Ugroseno Yudho , Dwijayanti Ni Made Intan , Pramudya Dana , Amrita Putu Niken , Romadhon Pradana Zaky , Asmarawati Tri Pudy , Bachtiar Arief , Hadi Usman
Published: August 2021

Background : This research aimed to examine and analyze risk factors for death, hematologic parameters and coagulation in COVID-19 patients at RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya, one of the referral centers for probable COVID-19 patient cases in East Java.

Method : This was a retrospective analytical study by taking secondary data on patients with probable COVID-19 cases who were treated in hospital isolation rooms from May to September, 2020.

Result : Of 538 probable COVID-19 patients, 217  tested positive, with an average age of 52.11±13.12 years, and there were 38 death cases. Hematologic parameters, such as white blood cell, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, were significantly different in the deceased group. On the other hand, coagulation parameters, consisting of D-dimer, CRP, PT, and aPTT showed significantly similar value in the deceased group. Univatiate analysis concluded that chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, WBC, NLR, and PPT counts could predict the mortality, while multivariate analysis revealed that coronary heart disease was the only significant independent predictor of mortality.

Conclusion : This research shows that hematologic and coagulation parameters were increased in the majority of COVID-19 patients and the deceased group. While the number of neutrophils and WBC increases, the number of lymphocytes decreases significantly with increasing disease severity. Coronary heart disease is an independent predictor of mortality.
Effects of sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors on stroke development in Lebanese patients with atrial fibrillation: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Malaeb Diana , Hallit Souheil , Dia Nada , Cherri Sarah , Maatouk Imad , Nawas George , Salameh Pascale , Hosseini Hassan
Published: August 2021

Background: Non-communicable diseases, the major cause of death and disability, are susceptible to modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Atrial fibrillation (AF) increases the risk of stroke by 4-5 times and can lead to cardiovascular mortality. This study was conducted to assess the effects of different sociodemographic factors on stroke development in patients with AF.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and June 2018 on patients recruited from Lebanese community pharmacies. The CHA2DS2-VASc scoring system is utilized as a stroke risk stratification tool in AF patients. Participants with a previous physician diagnosis of AF, documented on medical records, were included in this study.

Results: A total of 524 patients were enrolled in the study with a mean age of 58.75 (± SD) ± 13.59 years with hypertension (78.38%) being the most predominant disease. The results showed that obesity (Beta=0.610, p-value =0.011), retirement and unemployment compared to employment (Beta=1.440 and 1.440, p-value=0.001 respectively), divorced/widow compared to married (Beta=1.380, p-value =0.001) were significantly associated with higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores whereas high versus low socio-economic status (Beta=-1.030, p=0.009) and high school education versus primary education level (Beta=-0.490, p-value=0.025) were significantly associated with lower CHA2DS2-VASc scores.

Conclusions: The study highlights that the CHA2DS2-VASc score is affected by the presence of various sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics in patients with AF. Thus, screening for those factors may predict the progression of cardiovascular disease and may provide an optimal intervention.
Prevalence and determinants of contraception use in Pakistan: trend analysis from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys (PDHS) dataset from 1990 to 2018
Authors: Meherali Salima , Ali Anna , Khaliq Asif , Lassi Zohra S.
Published: August 2021

Background: In developing countries, pregnancy and childbirth are the leading causes of death among women. In this context, family planning and access to contraceptives are crucial for reducing pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality. Therefore, we aimed to look into the trends of contraception and determinants of contraceptive use in Pakistan.

Methods: This study used data for women of reproductive age from four Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys datasets. Contraception was the outcome variable, whereas, women’s and partner’s education, occupation, wealth quintile, region, place of residence, and exposure to family planning messages were the explanatory variables. Pooled prevalence was estimated using SUMARI and regression analysis was undertaken using SPSS to produce an adjusted prevalence ratio with 95% confidence intervals.

Results: Data of 40,259 ever-married women of reproductive age (EMWRA) was analysed. Of the total EMWRA, 30% were using contraception. Of these, 26% were using traditional methods and 74% were using modern methods. The most common method of contraception was condoms (30.5%). The pooled prevalence of contraception used was 29.5% (95% CI 29.1 to 30.0). Through multivariate analysis, women's age, place of residence, region, wealth index, women’s education, their working status, and exposure to family planning messages were found to be significant determinants of contraception usage.

Conclusions: There is a noticeable gap regarding awareness and uptake of contraception leading to low contraceptive use among women in Pakistan. In the light of our results, it is important to highlight the importance of girl’s education for building awareness and empowerment.
Clinical investigation on acute pyelonephritis without pyuria: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Song Hyung Keun , Shin Dong Hyuk , Na Ji Ung , Han Sang Kuk , Choi Pil Cho , Lee Jang Hee
Published: August 2021

Background: The current guidelines for the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis (APN) recommend that APN be diagnosed based on the clinical features and the presence of pyuria. However, we observed that some of the patients who are diagnosed with APN do not have characteristic clinical features or pyuria at the initial examination. We performed this study to investigate the characteristics of APN without pyuria.Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on 391 patients diagnosed with APN based on clinical and radiologic findings, between 2015 and 2019. The clinical features, laboratory results, and computed tomography (CT) findings were compared between patients with normal white blood cell (WBC) counts and those with abnormal WBC counts (WBC of 0–5/high power field [HPF] vs. >5/HPF) in urine. Results: More than 50% of patients with APN had no typical urinary tract symptoms and one-third of them had no costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness. Eighty-eight patients (22.5%) had normal WBC counts (0–5/HPF) on urine microscopy. There was a negative correlation between pyuria (WBC of >5/HPF) and previous antibiotic use (odds ratio, 0.249; 95% confidence interval, 0.140–0.441; p<0.001), and the probability of pyuria was reduced by 75.1% in patients who took antibiotics before visiting the emergency room. Conclusion: The diagnosis of APN should not be overlooked even if there are no typical clinical features, or urine microscopic examination is normal. If a patient has already taken antibiotics at the time of diagnosis, imaging studies such as CT should be performed more actively, regardless of the urinalysis results.
Clinical endocrinology of children and adolescents: in 2 parts Part 2
Authors: Samoylova Yuliya , Oleynik Oksana , Matveeva Mariya , Vorozhcova Irina , Kovarenko Margarita , Gorlbatenko Elena , Sivolobova Tat'yana , Podchinenova Dar'ya , Koshmeleva Marina
Published: August 2021

The textbook highlights the main pathological conditions in pediatric endocrinology, as well as their diagnosis and treatment. The materials for self-control and situational tasks are given.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students, students of the postgraduate professional education system, pediatric endocrinologists, pediatricians, endocrinologists, internists and general practitioners.
The psychology of destruction
Authors: Chirkova Tamara
Published: August 2021

The textbook systematizes methodological problems of studying the psychology of destruction as one of the most significant phenomena of the modern social world. The methodological analysis of the basic principles, means, methods and rules of studying the psychology of destruction is presented. The content of the manual includes a theoretical and practical course of analysis of the laws, mechanisms and factors of the psychology of destruction.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students of humanitarian specialties. It can be useful for practitioners of various social spheres to understand the essence and ways of eliminating the consequences of the destruction of the psychological realities of those persons with whom they interact professionally.
Motivation and stimulation of labor activity
Authors: Sevost'yanov Dmitriy
Published: August 2021

The textbook discusses general issues of motivation and analyzes existing theories. The article presents information about financial incentives, moral incentives for personnel, organizational incentives and incentives for free time, as well as on a number of other topics that are practically important in the professional activity of a personnel manager. Special attention is paid to errors and errors in the motivation and stimulation of labor activity.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students studying in the direction of training 38.03.03 "Personnel Management".
Current models of state and regional policy in the field of patriotic education
Authors: Pavlov Boris , Gogiberidze Georgiy , Pacula Andrey
Published: August 2021

In the research presented in the monograph, a theoretical analysis of the essence, nature and genesis of patriotic education is carried out, the content, role and features of patriotic education in society are revealed, state and regional policy as the foundation and means of patriotic education is studied, priority directions of state and regional policy on patriotic education are determined, alternative functional models of patriotic education are considered, an integrative model of patriotic education is conceptually profiled and empirically specified.
The book is intended for managers and employees of state and municipal administration bodies, specialists and experts in patriotic education. It is also addressed to teachers of higher and secondary specialized educational institutions, researchers of academic institutes and research centers. It will be useful for students of higher educational institutions studying in social and humanitarian specialties.
Strategic management
Authors: Barinov Vladimir , Busalov Dmitriy
Published: August 2021

This tutorial is not just another of the many books on a well-known topic. The main emphasis is placed on connecting many, at first glance, well-known things and helping students and managers to better understand the need and meaning of strategic management as a set of actions for the consistent development of an organization in an increasingly competitive environment. For the Russian reader, this is also important because competition in our country is only "gaining momentum", and understanding its nature is necessary both to preserve business and to achieve personal success.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For university students and postgraduates studying the peculiarities of enterprise management in a competitive environment, as well as for companies regardless of their size and field of activity, managers involved in the development of business development strategies.
Constitutional law of foreign countries
Authors: Baglay Marat
Published: August 2021

The fifth, significantly revised edition of the textbook highlights the basic concepts and institutions of foreign constitutional law, reveals its subject, system, sources. The issues of the legal status of the individual, forms of the state, local self-government, etc. are comprehensively analyzed.
In the interests of a more in-depth and integral, comprehensive understanding of the state system of the leading countries, the textbook includes chapters on the USA, Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the Nordic countries, Japan, China, India, the Arab states, the EAEU countries, Uzbekistan. Special chapters contain regional reviews of the main constitutional and legal institutions.
For students, postgraduates and teachers of law schools and faculties.
Law enforcement practice in the field of budget: theoretical-legal and judicial-arbitration aspects
Authors: Peshkova Hristina , Pachkun Vladimir
Published: August 2021

The monograph examines the practical aspects of the application of the budget legislation of the Russian Federation in judicial practice — the practice of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and arbitration courts, as well as the functions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on the interpretation of budget legislation. The article analyzes the theoretical and legal provisions of law enforcement activities in the field of the budget, as well as the categories of budget and legal science.
For legal scientists, graduate students, students of legal educational organizations, as well as practitioners of courts, financial control bodies and other state and municipal institutions.
A Node-Charge Graph-Based Online Carshare Rebalancing Policy with Capacitated Electric Charging
Authors: Pantelidis Theodoros P. , Li Li , Ma Tai-Yu , Chow Joseph Y. J. , Jabari Saif Eddin G.
Published: August 2021

Viability of electric car-sharing operations depends on rebalancing algorithms. Earlier methods in the literature suggest a trend toward nonmyopic algorithms using queueing principles. We propose a new rebalancing policy using cost function approximation. The cost function is modeled as a p-median relocation problem with minimum cost flow conservation and path-based charging station capacities on a static node-charge graph structure. The cost function is NP complete, so a heuristic is proposed that ensures feasible solutions that can be solved in an online system. The algorithm is validated in a case study of electric carshare in Brooklyn, New York, with demand data shared from BMW ReachNow operations in September 2017 (262 vehicle fleet, 231 pickups per day, and 303 traffic analysis zones) and charging station location data (18 charging stations with four-port capacities). The proposed nonmyopic rebalancing heuristic reduces the cost increase compared with myopic rebalancing by 38%. Other managerial insights are further discussed.
Improving the pathway for men with suspected prostate cancer
Authors: Kusinski Kelly
Published: August 2021

Kelly Kusinski, Urology Advanced Nurse Practitioner, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust ( kelly.kusinski@nhs.net ), runner-up in the Urology Nurse of the Year category in the BJN Awards 2021
Student experiences of a return to practice programme: a qualitative study
Authors: Coates Maggie , Macfadyen Ann
Published: August 2021

Background:

Nurses, midwives and other health professionals who return to practice come from a range of backgrounds and return for a variety of reasons. Much of the research on return to practice concerns programme provision rather than returnee experience.

Aim:

This qualitative study focused on the experiences of nursing, midwifery and allied health students undertaking a return to practice programme at a higher education institute. It interpreted the perceptions of the student experience of returning to clinical practice following a lapse in professional registration.

Methods:

Data collection methods were qualitative and involved focus groups. Findings were analysed using thematic analysis.

Findings:

Several themes and subthemes emerged from the data, including ‘the importance of returnee identity’ and ‘challenges and barriers’. Findings demonstrated different approaches to and influences on returnees' learning journeys.

Conclusion:

Previous knowledge, skills and experience were often hidden from view and hard to explain although crucial to returnee success.
NHS trusts must continue to tackle racism
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: August 2021

Although the latest report on workforce equality shows positive changes, some improvements are marginal and the issue must be kept high on the agenda, says Sam Foster, Chief Nurse, Oxford University Hospitals
Measurement of glass thickness and refractive index based on spectral interference technology
Authors: Xue Kejuan , Wang Jinsong , Zhao Yuanyuan , Xiao Zuojiang
Published: August 2021

A non-contact glass thickness and refractive index measurement method based on spectral interferometry is proposed. The method uses the Michelson interference principle to calculate the interference signal obtained by the spectrometer using the Fourier transform algorithm to obtain the modulation period of the spectral interference fringes. The geometrical thickness and refractive index of a glass sample can be calculated from the optical path difference between the reflected light of the reference arm and that of the front and back surfaces of the glass sample before and after being placed in the measuring arm. The linear interpolation method is used to resample the interference pattern in the frequency domain to ensure uniform sampling. It also adopts an improved phase extraction algorithm in the Fourier domain, which improves the anti-interference ability of the measurement system, and it exhibits a fast detection speed and high signal-to-noise ratio. To verify the accuracy of the measurement results of this method, a high-precision coordinate measuring machine is used for comparative experiments, and the characteristics of the tested object are analyzed. The experimental results show that the measurement accuracy of the system is in good agreement with that of a high-precision coordinate measuring machine.